bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Comprometimento organizacional: o estado da arte da pesquisa no Brasil
Authors: Medeiros Carlos Alberto Freire , Albuquerque Lindolfo Galvão de , Siqueira Michella , Marques Glenda Michelle
Published: April 2009

Neste estudo, é analisada a agenda da pesquisa do comprometimento, estabelecida por diversosautores considerados clássicos nesse campo de estudo. É analisada também a literatura brasileira sobre comprometimento organizacional, especialmente os 34 trabalhos publicados nos anais das últimas nove edições do Encontro Anual da ANPAD, já que os artigos publicados sobre comprometimento nas principais revistas brasileiras de Administração normalmente são apresentados neste evento. Com as recomendações contidas nessas agendas, analisamos os progressos obtidos pela pesquisa brasileira, mostrando o que foi feito, suas lacunas e seus novos desafios. Assim o trabalho se divide em três partes: (1) na primeira parte, são apresentadas as principais vertentes conceituais do comprometimento; (2) na segunda, são apresentadas as agendas de pesquisa e discutidos os avanços e lacunas da pesquisa brasileira; e, (3) na conclusão, é apresentada uma nova agenda para a pesquisa do comprometimento no Brasil, mostrando caminhos que ela deve percorrer.
Does leisure-time physical activity in early adulthood predict later physical activity? Pro-Saude Study
Authors: Nogueira Danielle , Faerstein Eduardo , Rugani Inês , Chor Dora , Lopes Claudia S. , Werneck Guilherme L.
Published: April 2009

INTRODUCTION: Leisure-Time Physical Activity (LTPA) is a health behavior that is considered relatively stable over the course of life; this life-long habit seems to be shaped during youth and early adulthood. LTPA is one of the few healthy behaviors more prevalent among men than among women. METHODS:Data from 3,199 participants of the Pro-Saude Study were analyzed - a cohort of employees of a university in Rio de Janeiro, collected with a self-reported multidimensional questionnaire. The association between LTPA in early adulthood and later was investigated using multinomial logistic regression, with estimated odds ratios (OR), considering three outcome categories: inactive, insufficiently active, and active. Past LTPA was grouped into three categories: never/rarely (reference category), sometimes and frequently/always. Estimates were adjusted for: age; participants' schooling, their father's and mother's schooling, and color/race. RESULTS:Analysis shows men who engaged in LTPA sometimes and almost always/always in early adulthood had an OR= 1.42 (95% CI: 0.70-2.89) and OR= 3.33 (95% CI: 1.82-6.10), respectively, of being physically active in later adulthood than those who did not engage in LTPA. Among women, the corresponding odds ratios were lower: OR = 1.19 (95% CI: 0.79-1.79) and OR =1.42 (95% CI: 1.00-2.04). CONCLUSION:LTPA during early adulthood is associated with physical activity later in adulthood, and this association is stronger in men than in women. Public policies that encourage LTPA among youth, with specific efforts directed at women, could increase the proportion of physically active adults.
Padrão de atividade física entre gestantes atendidas pela estratégia saúde da família de Campina Grande - PB
Authors: Tavares Jousilene de Sales , Melo Adriana Suely de Oliveira , Amorim Melania Maria Ramos de , Barros Vivianne Oliveira , Takito Mônica Yuri , Benício Maria Helena D'Aquino , Cardoso Maria Aparecida Alves
Published: April 2009

INTRODUÇÃO: A atividade física realizada durante a gestação vem sendo discutida devido aos seus efeitos benéficos tanto para a saúde materna como para o crescimento fetal e desfechos gestacionais, porém ainda são escassos estudos sobre o padrão de atividade física neste período. OBJETIVO: Avaliar o padrão de atividade física entre gestantes atendidas pela estratégia Saúde da Família (ESF) do município de Campina Grande/PB. MÉTODOS:Foi acompanhada uma coorte observacional de gestantes (n=118), a partir da 16ª semana gestacional, durante os anos de 2005 a 2006. A cada quatro semanas eram aferidas as condições clínicas, socioeconômicas e obstétricas, incluindo a aplicação de um questionário específico sobre atividade física na 16ª, 24ª e 32ª semanas gestacionais. A avaliação foi feita a partir da somatória do equivalente metabólico (METs) e as atividades cotidianas foram divididas em quatro grupos: atividades laboral, doméstica e caminhada, além de inatividade. As gestantes foram classificadas de acordo com o padrão de atividade física realizado em: sedentárias, praticantes de atividades física leve, moderada e vigorosa. Os dados foram analisados no programa Epi Info 3.4.1. RESULTADOS: As características socioeconômicas da coorte estudada indicaram majoritariamente gestantes de baixo poder aquisitivo, baixa escolaridade e baixo percentual de mulheres economicamente ativas. O padrão de atividade física observado foi baixo desde o primeiro trimestre gestacional, oscilando entre o leve e o sedentário, e foi diminuindo com o evoluir da gravidez, com 100% das gestantes alcançando o padrão sedentário na 32ª semana. Em relação aos grupos de atividades, observou-se um predomínio de atividades domésticas, seguidas pelas atividades de lazer. CONCLUSÃO:Na coorte estudada verificou-se um padrão de atividade física inadequado desde o início da gestação, agravando-se no terceiro trimestre gestacional.
Trend in mortality due to external causes in the State of Espírito Santo, Brazil, from 1994 to 2005
Authors: Jacobson Ludmilla da Silva Viana , Andrade Carla Lourenço Tavares de , Carmo Cleber Nascimento do , Mourão Dennys de Souza , Hacon Sandra de Souza
Published: April 2009

The aim of this study was to analyze the trend in mortality due to external causes in the State of Espírito Santo, Brazil, from 1994 to 2005, according to specific groups (traffic injuries, poisoning, intentional self-harm, assault), age group and gender. The trend analysis was performed with polynomial regression models, based on data from the Brazilian Ministry of Health's Mortality Information System. For all external causes, the trend was not statistically significant, but when it was stratified by gender and age group the results showed a downward trend in some strata. According to gender, the yearly increase in mortality rate was higher for men. In general, this increase was observed in all age groups. For traffic injuries, there was a decrease in the mortality rate, mainly for men. There was a decrease in deaths from poisoning for both men and women. Intentional self-harm showed an upward trend, especially for 50 and over age group. As a specific group, assault also showed a significant upward trend for under-34 age groups and for men.
Declínio de cárie em escolares de 12 anos da rede pública de Goiânia, Goiás, Brasil, no período de 1988 a 2003
Authors: Reis Sandra Cristina Guimarães Bahia , Freire Maria do Carmo Matias , Higino Maria Abadia Salge Prata , Batista Simone Machado de Oliveira , Rezende Kátia Lipovetsky Vivas de , Queiroz Maria Goretti
Published: April 2009

OBJETIVOS:Investigar a prevalência e severidade da cárie dentária em crianças de 12 anos em Goiânia no período 1988-2003. MÉTODOS: Foram analisados os dados de todos os levantamentos epidemiológicos realizados em escolares de 12 anos de escolas públicas do município em 1988, 1994, 1998 e 2003, obtidos a partir de fontes secundárias. Goiânia possui água fuoretada desde 1985. As variáveis incluídas na análise foram a prevalência de indivíduos livres de cárie (CPOD=0) e a severidade da cárie através do Índice CPOD. RESULTADOS:O percentual de escolares livres de cárie teve um aumento de 21% de 1994 (10%) a 2003 (31%). Houve uma redução de 70,6% na média do índice CPOD de 1988 a 2003. As médias foram 8,3 em 1989, 4,59 em 1994, 3,07 em 1998 e 2,43 em 2003. Em todos os levantamentos os principais componentes foram os cariados (predomínio em 1988 e 2003) e os obturados (predomínio em 1994 e 1998). No período de 1988 a 2003 houve redução de 81,9% na média do componente cariado, 66,7% do perdido por cárie e 31,8% do obturado. CONCLUSÃO:Houve queda acentuada na prevalência e severidade da cárie dentária em escolares de 12 anos da rede pública em Goiânia no período 1988-2003, seguindo a tendência nacional.
A identificação de preferências e atributos relacionados à estrutura de capital em pequenas empresas
Authors: Burkowski Érika , Perobelli Fernanda Finotti , Zanini Alexandre
Published: April 2009

Este artigo analisa a estrutura de capital de 99 pequenas empresas. Os objetivos são verificar as características desejadas de financiamento e relação entre atributos da empresa/gestor e financiamentos de curto e longo prazo atuais e desejados, a partir das análises conjunta e de correspondência. Na amostra, "custo" foi o fator mais importante na escolha do financiamento, seguido de "instrumento", "condições" e "garantia". As variáveis "porte", "novos investimentos", "expectativa de retorno" e "fonte intencionada de financiamento" revelaram maior correspondência com o financiamento atual de curto prazo. Financiamento atual de longo prazo" apresentou correspondência com as variáveis "destino dos novos financiamentos", "percepção da volatilidade", "expectativa de crescimento", "intenção de novos investimentos" e "novos investimentos". Conclusivamente, evidenciaram-se aspectos da teoria da hierarquia de fontes obrigatória e a adequabilidade de certas teorias de estrutura de capital em pequenas empresas.
Ética da propaganda sob o olhar dos publicitários
Authors: Acevedo Claudia Rosa , Nohara Jouliana Jordan , Campanario Milton de Abreu , Telles Cecilia Caraver Prado
Published: April 2009

Considerando o imenso impacto social dos conglomerados de informação, comunicação e entretenimento e o consequente poder dos publicitários de conferir significado à vida de milhões de pessoas, o objetivo do estudo é elucidar a postura ética desses profissionais frente às pressões do ambiente. O referencial teórico adotado é a teoria das representações sociais. A investigação empregou uma metodologia de caráter qualitativo, adequada à fundamentação teórica, que consiste na utilização de entrevistas em profundidade, como a técnica de coleta de dados e a análise do discurso para a interpretação dos resultados. O conjunto social em análise está composto de uma amostra de 30 profissionais de 27 agências de publicidade da cidade de São Paulo, selecionada por conveniência. Constata-se a compreensão do significado, da abrangência, das características e da importância de uma postura ética entre os publicitários entrevistados. Na sua prática, contudo, eles expressam dificuldade em manter um comportamento ético diante das pressões do ambiente.
Nos limites da autonomia: reflexões sobre práticas de blind review e editoria de revistas científicas em administração no Brasil
Authors: Kirschbaum Charles , Mascarenhas André Ofenhejm
Published: April 2009

A partir da percepção de um hiato de qualidade entre a publicação acadêmica nacional e a internacional, recuperamos neste ensaio o debate acerca dos modelos de revisão e publicação de artigos na área de Administração no Brasil, com ênfase em seus aspectos institucionais, mais especificamente nos papéis de editores e conselho editorial no processo. Para tal, delineamos e discutimos dois modelos "puros" de revisão e publicação de artigos científicos. A partir do pressuposto que a importação de idéias estrangeiras não é necessariamente destituída de criatividade oferecemos uma crítica às práticas de publicação no Brasil, discutindo o valor da autonomia dos pareceristas no processo e os desafios organizacionais que envolvem os editores e o conselho editorial na construção de artigos de alta qualidade e impacto.
The Fully Integrated Workflow: The Integration of Business Processes with People and Digital Technologies
Authors: Crockett Brian J.
Published: April 2009

Description

Many business cases for embracing technological improvements around "Smart Fields®," "oilfield of the future," or "Ewells" have been centered on software deployment. Great promises often fail to deliver because they have not fully taken into consideration the interaction of the people using them or the processes needed to enable them. The provision of a fully integrated workflow not only describes the flow of data but the process steps required to utilize that data and the personnel needed to facilitate its use.

Application

To examine what happens when the value loop of physical assets, data gathering, models and decision making is closed and to identify the ways an integrated workflow brings together people, processes, and technology to maximize the benefits provided by the digital oilfield.

Examine Results, Observations, and Conclusions

Most benefits boil down to "faster, cheaper, better" and are converted to value by:

Reduced elapsed time to arrive at a desired result – know sooner Reduced amount of effort involved - number of man hours – decide faster Reduced cost of effort – cost of man hour – cheaper Increased quality – reduce errors, improve performance – better performing oilfield

Significance of Subject

There is a need to state improvement/change in an integrated workflow by:

Determining the data flow and interfaces with related technologies Identifying the key processes which offer the most benefit Position the people whose tasks are enabled by the change Produce a methodology which integrates all three in a clear and logical manner

This will be demonstrated by looking at implementations in Nigeria, Norway, the UK, and some cross-project observations.

Conclusion

Based on experience, we can now show how an integrated workflow can enable assets to re-examine their existing processes in the light of new digital oilfield technologies and map a "leaner" approach, which adds real value and reduces the amount of change required to deploy.
Employee Knowledge: Instantly Searchable
Authors: Hoffman Joel
Published: April 2009

The online encyclopedia, Wikipedia, has proven the value of the world community contributing to an instantly searchable world knowledge base. The same technology can be applied to the company community: each individual sharing strategic tips directly related to company interests that are then instantly searchable.

Each employee can share, using Microsoft Sharepoint Wiki Pages, those unique hints, tips, tricks, and knowledge that they feel could be of the highest value to other employees: how-to's and shortcuts in company software packages, learnings from pilot projects (successful or not), links to fantastic resources, etc. This growing knowledge base then becomes an instantly searchable, global resource for the entire company.

Occidental of Elk Hills, Inc. just recently, October 15, 2008, started a rollout of Wiki page use at its Elk Hills, CA, USA properties. There are over 300 employees at Elk Hills and its Wiki Home Page received over 1500 hits in its first day, with multiple employees contributing multiple articles. Employees are already talking about time-savers they have learned and applied. A second presentation was demanded by those that missed the first. The rollout has generated a buzz of excitement and interest that we will be encouraging into the indefinite future.

The significance of a corporate knowledge base can be major: high-tech professionals not spending hours figuring out how to do what someone else has already figured out and documented, support personnel not having to answer the same questions over and over again but having only to point those asking to steps already documented, employees learning time-saving tips that they may never have learned or thought of, professionals no longer wasting time searching for results of other trials or having to reinvent the wheel. Time is money. Knowledge is power. Applying Wiki technology to corporate knowledge returns time and knowledge to the workforce leading to bottom line benefits and powerful corporate growth.
Experiences Using Lagosa to Improve Production Operations and Gas Marketing Performance
Authors: Hudson John D.
Published: April 2009

The promise of improved production performance and consistent delivery against market and regulatory commitments is driving the need for better decision making within daily operations. In addition, tighter integration between EP sources and markets forces broader consideration of factors from across the scope of business. At the same time, market maturity is forcing more dynamic and complex nomination and delivery processes within the EP business. Addressing these challenges requires better, faster and more collaborative decision-making, driven initially by improved leveraging of engineering expertise into operations and further by integration of both engineering and operations expertise into EP business processes.

A key aspect of Shell's Smart Fields program has been to drive performance around Smart Fields value loops, concisely given as measure-model-decide-execute. This paper illustrates several examples where Shell have implemented Lagosa, an office domain, collaborative work process solution that encompasses a scope from source to sales. The paper will show how the solution engages various roles to contribute to better performance, as demonstrated by sustained improvements in value delivery. Learning points will be offered, particularly regarding implementation, embedment and sustainability.
Combining Value-Based Computer Functionality and an Organizational Change Approach to Deliver a Useful Solution to Users: The Case of Operating Procedures on Alaska's North Slope
Authors: Floyd P.
Published: April 2009

This paper is a case study describing a recently completed, ambitious, and successful Information Management project on the oilfields of the north slope of Alaska.

The project goals were to increase environmental and safety performance, through addressing the barriers associated with procedure compliance and usage. This was to be enabled in part by leveraging the benefits from recent advances in computer technology, as well as a number of other ‘change levers’. The barriers and issues centred around procedure quality, search, retrieval, control and use. The project included a new IT application, associated data management, new workflows & processes, revised roles, skills and behaviors, and associated culture change in a challenging and complex operational setting. The project centred around three core enablers or critical success factors:

An innovative organizational-change based approach, which included an in-depth consideration of the organizational reality prior to the project Use of value-adding functionality to users enabled through leading edge technology An end-user focus

The combination of these three factors produced a winning solution that proved very successful as determined by user adoption and project goals. The case study provides details of the project from initial business requirements, scope and solution development, through to pilot and implementation. Details of the organizational change-based approach are provided, together with lessons learnt.

The project exceeded expectations in terms of project goals achieved and high satisfaction across the range of project stakeholders.

A number of insights were achieved:

○ Significance, challenges and degree of work on metadata ○ Importance of identifying and managing the wide range of stakeholders ○ Don't underestimate the importance and power of organizational sub-cultures ○ Get ‘pull’ rather than push to the project, which centres around user value and benefits ○ Importance of data standards & naming conventions ○ Estimate the amount of change

The project outcome is a real, practical and proven example of best practice. It provides an example of a new and innovative approach that can be tailored to any complex IT or IM-related organizational project – as well as critical success factors, lessons learnt and insights that will benefit the range of stakeholders striving to meet IT related business goals and challenges in the Exploration/upstream business.
What Lessons Can Digital Oilfield Practitioners Learn From Defence Initiatives Such as Network Enabled Capability?
Authors: Popham Michael , Edwards Tony
Published: April 2009

Digital Oilfield of the Future (DOFF) practitioners have a major opportunity to learn from the defence sector. By looking at the evolution of Network Enabled Capability (NEC) and by adopting some of the approaches successfully used there, they could accelerate the implementation of DOFF, saving CAPEX and increasing benefits in the process. Additionally, NEC can offer DOFF practitioners guidance on what their initiatives might aspire to provide in the long term, giving proof that effective collaborative working can become the norm rather than the exception.

NEC is a transformation programme for the UK Armed Forces that enhances military effectiveness through improved, collaborative decision making. Similar programmes exist in other defence communities (e.g. Network Centric Operations in the USA). We have identified clear similarities between NEC and DOFF programmes: this paper explores these similarities and the extent to which lessons learned from the defence world can be applied to DOFF.

The findings will help companies who have DOFF programmes to overcome many of the implementation issues that they face today more quickly and at lower cost. They offer proven approaches from defence which have the potential to be applied to DOFF and also provide an insight into issues and challenges that DOFF programmes have yet to encounter.

Areas examined include: -

Evolution of the NEC concept, the benefits it has delivered, its maturity relative to DOFF and how this information can benefit DOFF initiatives. Challenges encountered during the roll out of NEC, the extent that these are being repeated in DOFF and specific lessons that can be applied. The importance of adapting the organizational models within a business to progress through NEC / DOFF stages. How people were seen to be both resistant to NEC and its champions, along with an explanation of how they were successfully encouraged to become the latter. How to quantify and subsequently enhance the benefits of potential DOFF solutions prior to running pilots. The necessity of establishing a long term vision for NEC / DOFF supported throughout the organization and how to achieve this challenging task. How procurement strategies have evolved within defence and how these new strategies benefit the customer.

The paper concludes with a summary of lessons learned that can be applied in DOFF programmes.
Exercises in Distributed Tactical Decision-Making in Advanced Collaborative Environments
Authors: Bayerl P. S. , Lauche K. , Crichton M. , Sawaryn S. , Deady A.
Published: April 2009

Collaborative Environments (CEs) form an increasingly important element in supporting all stages of drilling operations from planning to execution, offering a sophisticated mix of real-time data access, advanced communication methods, and visualization technologies. To progress team use of CEs in business critical situations, a two-hour scenario-based exercise was developed and implemented to help prepare members of drilling teams for distributed, tactical decision-making in CEs. The aim was three-fold: to increase familiarity with CE-capabilities, to improve non-technical skills for distributed working and to improve the facilities design and use. The exercise was designed around three principles - functional and status diversity, geographical distribution, and technological realism - to reflect the complexity of real-life situations. The outcome was measured using questionnaires relating to quality of the decision-making process, quality of information sharing, and familiarity and confidence with the CE, using three measurements over an eight week period.

Results from sessions conducted with six drilling teams indicate that the exercise was perceived as helpful in introducing technological CE-capabilities and improving distributed decision-making. The long-term benefit of the exercise was seen to be impacted by the consistency of subsequent use of technologies and environment. Given the lack of familiarity with the advanced collaboration technologies, a single exercise can thus only be regarded as a first step in building up confidence to use CEs without external support.

Since CEs have become an integral part of drilling operations, teams should undertake training in their use as well as additional non-technical skills to enhance team working. Our study shows that these exercises can be an effective tool for team preparations, but also that they must be designed carefully to reflect real-life complexity. However, one-off exercises are no replacement for consistent technical support. Rather, multiple sessions and hands-on use are required to increase team members’ familiarity and confidence with CEs. The paper describes the exercise, philosophy for the exercise development, reports how it was conducted and provides recommendations for similar initiatives to enhance preparedness and performance in CEs.
A Systematic Approach to Well Integrity Management
Authors: Annandale Alex , Conway Richard , Copping Simon
Published: April 2009

Recognising the importance of good well integrity management practices, Marathon Oil UK developed an online database in conjunction with Expro to capture their well integrity data. The database has become a focal point to help facilitate Marathon's well integrity management processes and philosophies. The aim of this paper is to provide an overview of the rational for developing the system and the benefits that are being realised for both the Brae and Alvheim assets.
Evolution of Collaborative Work Environments - Are We Ready for It?
Authors: Gryskiewicz Kent , Knoppe Ronald
Published: April 2009

When Captain Kirk from the "USS Enterprise" gave the command "Bean me up, Scotty" to his transporter chief in the science fiction television series, Paramount Pictures Corporation's "Star Trek®," he may not have realized that he was a frontrunner in introducing a new way of working that soon will be reality in the exploration and production (E&P) industry.

With continued growing demand for energy foreseen in the future, the E&P industry has to face, and will continue to face, significant challenge as it moves toward delivering these energy needs. These challenges include growing global demand, declining mature fields, and entry into remote, harsh, undeveloped and geopolitically-challenging environments requiring teams to minimize travel and collaborate across disciplines (reservoir engineering, production, maintenance) more efficiently.

To meet these challenges, the industry is re-shaping its way of working, adopting collaborative operating models and smart technologies. The industry is transitioning away from thinking of silos and moving toward multidisciplinary teams working collaboratively. This movement is designed to ensure that the reduced workforce and work processes are effectively utilized in combination with the existing and future tools to insure improved capability for efficiently managing its assets. The primary solution for addressing these challenges, and enabling this collaborative operating model, is the deployment of collaborative work environments. At the moment, most collaborative work environments and their concurrent collaboration models are set up locally. However, the rapid evolution of workforce and technology changes are forcing this industry to look toward the next generation of collaboration that must take place beyond borders.

This paper reflects the state of collaborative work environments today and explores the future role of collaborative work environments (CWEs), outlining how the CWE solution must evolve to address key challenges over the horizon and enable a new global and virtual collaboration model.

The E&P industry is faced with a difficult reality: Real change requires a real mindset change. Are we ready for it?
Strategic Decision Making in the Digital Oil Field
Authors: Jafarizadeh B. , Bratvold R. B.
Published: April 2009

The Digital Oil Field (DOF) has been embraced at the operational level in the exploration and production industry. The DOF has initially been applied to tactical and operational decision making, often with a focus on reducing operational costs. Yet, most DOF value estimates (e.g., CERA 2006) have indicated that the majority of the value contribution from the DOF will be through increased revenues, i.e., increased reserves or production. An outstanding challenge is to demonstrate how the DOF will enable this revenue-driven value creation.

Most E&P players have adopted a stage-gate project management process that consists of a series of crucial capital-intensive decisions. In making these decisions, it is not sufficient to analyze and evaluate the current decision stage. Future decisions at later stage-gates must also be evaluated, and the relevant uncertainties must be analyzed so as to maximize the insight about value creation. This is a challenge even for the traditional oil field. In the information-rich DOF, the challenge increases dramatically since the decision makers will have access to enormous amounts of data which will be provided in a manner close to real time. The decision makers need to relate the real time data to uncertainties and future decisions. Real options valuation offers the possibility of consistently addressing these strategic decisions.

In the past, real options valuation capabilities have been severely constrained by the limitations of the underlying models. In principle, real option valuation can incorporate any number of uncertainties and future decision points. However, in practice only a few uncertainties and decision points have been considered. The recently introduced real option valuation approaches can model any number of uncertainties and future decisions, thus capturing the information-rich environment of a DOF. In this paper, we will illustrate how modern real option valuation can be leveraged to create value from strategic decision making for the DOF.
Drilling Operations Centers: A History of Functionality and Organizational Purpose-The First Generation
Authors: Booth J. E.
Published: April 2009

Real-time operations centers are becoming commonplace in support of drilling and production activites. Their recent proliferation and acceptance have much to do with the increasing role of information technology in society in general. However, the concept is not new. In the early 1980's several operators and service companies explored the potential for central support of remote drilling operations. Of three significant operator strategies discussed in detail one is still in place and another, although relatively short-lived, aspired to and tested a vision which is only now, twenty five years later, close to being realized. There are lessons to be learned from the early strategies. The technology has evolved at an exponential rate however; the fluctuating business cycles and organizational change challenges encountered by the pioneers are similar to those faced by today's practitioners.
Cost Optimization Programs in Software Asset Management
Authors: Stenseth Signe Marie
Published: April 2009

With the current uncertainty surrounding the price of oil, coupled with the global economic downturn, it is imperative that the oil and gas industry focus on cutting costs and optimizing IT user and asset efficiency. The industry is looking for innovative ways to optimize software assets – making sure users have the tools and services they need in order to maximize productivity and efficiency – in ways that do not waste time or money. A major challenge is reducing the amount of time spent on managing software assets.

Software usage reporting and optimization tools can help achieve large savings within the first six months following implementation. These tools have a quick payback period with minimal post-implementation effort. They capture usage throughout the entire life cycle of the assets and are able to automate much of the optimization of software assets. The tools give great decision-making support to stakeholders charged with managing their respective assets: budget holders, portfolio managers, and key staff involved in training and support, enabling each of them to allocate resources where they will have the greatest impact.

Cost optimization programs should examine the activity levels of critical applications, and automatically reclaim inactive software licenses that can be assigned to more active users. This approach not only yields cost savings, but also ensures that high-priority projects or owners are consistently prioritized for limited, high-end applications. A good reporting and optimization tool provides a global overview of a company's assets and how they are used, by location, user-group or cost center, and can simulate usage by any entity, regardless how its infrastructure is configured.
Preparing for Second Life: Two Teacher Educators Reflect on Their Initial Foray into Virtual Teaching and Learning
Authors: O'Connor Eileen A. , Sakshaug Lynae E.
Published: April 2009

Second Life (SL) is a user-created virtual environment with possible merit for teaching and learning in higher education. In this article, two teacher educators reflect on their initial development in SL, considering the ways they worked within SL to meet their differing instructional needs and the ways they prepared students for these learning experiences. The report then offers general suggestions for any instructor who wants to test SL in his or her courses, addressing both ideal and the workable scenarios that can support development in SL. It concludes with intended research on the efficacy of teaching and learning in SL.
Games and Web 2.0: A Winning Combination for Millennials
Authors: Spiegelman Marsha , Glass Richard
Published: April 2009

Gaming and social networking define the millennial student. This research focuses on an evolving collaboration between 2 faculty members of different disciplines who merged Web 2.0 and game scenarios to infuse research techniques as integral components of math/computer science courses. Blogs and wikis facilitated student-faculty interaction beyond the traditional classroom while games provided the interest and incentive students needed to improve their research skills and knowledge of the subject matter. Results include game design, student work and responses, and adaptation of one game scenario into Second Life.
The Medium and the Message: Oral History, New Media, and a Grassroots History of Working Women
Authors: Meyerowitz Ruth , Zinni Christine F.
Published: April 2009

In the Spring of 2000, Ruth Meyerowitz and Christine Zinni began collaborative efforts—inside and outside of academia—to enhance a course on The History of Working Women at SUNY Buffalo. Videotaping the oral histories of women labor leaders, they later teamed up with Michael Frisch and Randforce Associates—a research group at SUNY at Buffalo's technology incubator—staff at the Educational Technology Center, and The Uncrowned Queens Institute for Research and Education, Inc. to input and present diverse voices of working women into a new media program called Interclipper. To the group's knowledge, this was the first attempt to apply this new software technology in a university classroom setting for a course on labor history. Rendering oral histories as primary sources of service in the classroom, the new media format provided students with an alternative lens on working women's experiences—perspectives not normally gained in traditional text-based history courses. In the following narrative dialogue, Meyerowitz and Zinni trace the process and progress of their experiences with these technological applications for oral history use over 7 years time. Strengthening collaborative and decentralized aspects of classroom activities by allowing for more personal choices, involvement with the material(s) and active learning, the authors submit a multi-media, multi-perspectival approach to oral history intensified emergent and dialogical qualities of classroom interactions for students, instructors, and interviewees alike.
The Adjunct Advocate @ Fit: Bringing Part Time Faculty into the Mainstream
Authors: Maldonado Elaine , Riman Jeffrey
Published: April 2009

The Adjunct Advocate @ FIT is an online, faculty development program at FIT, part of the State University of New York. This convenient new resource, developed by the Center for Excellence in Teaching, reaches out to adjunct and off-campus faculty with professional development that includes printable materials, video, discussion boards, and video-conferencing. This work-in-progress will be fully launched in spring 2009.
Principles for Constructing Good Clicker Questions: Going beyond Rote Learning and Stimulating Active Engagement with Course Content
Authors: Sullivan Roberta (Robin)
Published: April 2009

Clickers are also referred to as classroom response systems. They are small-handheld electronic devices that resemble a television remote control, used by students to respond to questions posed by instructors. Typically, questions are provided to students using electronic on-screen presentations. Results of students' responses can be immediately displayed. This display of students' responses allows instructors to gauge the level of understanding of their students, and allows students to reflect on their knowledge of the concept at hand. This gives instructors and students immediate feedback regarding students' knowledge. The use of clickers engages students to actively participate in class sessions. Using a classroom response system makes students accountable, and requires them to respond to questions posed during class. This article will describe tips and techniques to assist instructors to develop effective questions that can be used in conjunction with classroom response systems. The development of effective questions determines the outcome of whether or not the use of a classroom response system is a useful teaching tool. At first impression, one might think that having students respond to multiple-choice questions inspires a rote-learning environment. If instructors take the time and put forth effort to fully consider the best ways to implement clicker driven questions that target higher levels of learning, then classroom response systems can become a very effective learning tool.
The Psychology Today “You and Death” Questionnaire Revisited
Authors: Brabant Sarah , Kalich DeAnn , Breaux Brooke O.
Published: April 2009

In 1970, Psychology Today published the “You and Death” questionnaire, a 75-item instrument designed by Edwin Shneidman of the Center for Advanced Study in the Behavioral Sciences in consultation with Edwin Parker and G. Ray Funkhouser of Stanford University. This article compares data gathered through the same instrument from death education classes spanning 25 years across 3 decades. The results offer a unique opportunity to compare attitudes toward and beliefs about death with the original responses as well as to note changes across decades within a similar population.
“To Look at Death Another Way”: Black Teenage Males' Perspectives on Second-Lines and Regular Funerals in New Orleans
Authors: Bordere Tashel C.
Published: April 2009

The purpose of this study was to describe how Black adolescent males understand “second-line” (musical processions) and “regular”/traditional funeral rituals in New Orleans following the violent deaths of significant persons in their lives. In-depth interviews were conducted with 10 Black males between the ages of 12 and 15 using descriptive phenomenology methodology. Findings revealed that these participants understood death as a cause for celebration, remembrance, and unity related to their experiences with the second-line ritual. Three elements of the life world of Black teenage males were descriptive of second lines, including: a) observed locations of second lines; b) dancing to good music; and c) observed messages conveyed through t-shirts. Participants provided gender-based descriptions of perceived spoken and unspoken rights in grieving at the two distinct rituals. Related to their second-line experience, the teens reflect on ways in which they wish to have their deaths ritualized.
The Use of the Internet for Counseling the Suicidal Individual: Possibilities and Drawbacks
Authors: Lester David
Published: April 2009

The role of the Internet in facilitating and preventing suicide is reviewed. Two online suicide prevention programs are described: SAHAR in Israel and Befrienders worldwide. Examples are provided of crisis intervention by e-mail. Finally, some caveats are presented based on experiences with crisis intervention by telephone.
The Benefit through Spirituality/Religiosity Scale—A 6-Item Measure for Use in Health Outcome Studies
Authors: Büssing Arndt , Koenig Harold G.
Published: April 2009

Objective:

We intended to develop a brief and compact scale which measures the beneficial effects of spirituality/religiosity (SpR) on several dimensions of patients' life concerns, to be used in health outcome studies.

Method:

To attain a short measure valid for spiritual and religious dimensions, we designed a scale based on tested items of an independent item pool of the already established SpREUK inventory, which measures SpR attitudes and convictions and holds an independent data pool addressing the support of life concerns through SpR. To validate the intended BENEFIT scale, reliability and factor analyses were performed utilizing 371 individuals with different chronic diseases recruited in various medical centers in Germany (exploratory analysis), while for the confirmatory analyses we used an independent pool of 229 patients with chronic pain conditions.

Results:

Six items addressed the beneficial effects of SpR of the patients' concerns, and thus were chosen for the BENEFIT scale. These items had a good internal reliability (Cronbach's alpha = 0.922). Primary factor analysis pointed to a 1-factor solution, which explained 72% of variance. Correlation analyses revealed that the BENEFIT scale correlated with both uniquely religious and spiritual attitudes.

Conclusions:

The data demonstrate the reliability and validity of the 6-item BENEFIT scale that captures a unique aspect of SpR that can be used in epidemiological studies and clinical trials for those who wish to assess both the external and internal dimensions of SpR. This brief instrument can be easily incorporated into almost any study of mental health, physical health, or quality of life.
Religious and Spiritual Factors and the Consequences of Trauma: A Review and Model of the Interrelationship
Authors: Schaefer Frauke C. , Blazer Dan G. , Koenig Harold G.
Published: April 2009

Objective:

An increasing body of literature examines the association of religious factors with posttraumatic stress as well as posttraumatic growth. This review of selected empirical studies describes religious and spiritual factors that have been examined in their association with the consequences of trauma. A comprehensive model is proposed to explain the complex interrelationship.

Method:

We performed a qualitative review of empirical research in August 2006, updated in February 2008, using Medline (1950-present), PsychInfo (1806-present), Web of Science (1900-present), and PILOTS (1960-present). We searched the terms posttraumatic, post-traumatic stress, posttraumatic growth, and religion, religious, spirituality, spiritual, meditation, and forgiveness. Based on supporting data from reviewed literature, we then developed a model for key religious factors derived from this review predictive of the response to trauma over time.

Results:

Twenty-three studies were identified that describe religious pre-trauma characteristics, religious trauma-appraisal and post-trauma adjustment factors. The association of these factors with posttraumatic stress and growth is described.

Conclusions:

Intrinsic religious orientation, in particular, appears to be a useful construct in measuring religiosity in the association with the consequences of trauma. There are preliminary indications that the association between intrinsic religiosity and the consequences of trauma may change depending on the time after the event. Future studies should stratify outcome by the time after trauma or use longitudinal designs.
Globalization: Amateur-positive acknowledgement to the time
Authors: Balj Branko
Published: April 2009

The problem of globalization represents a contemporary problem requiring a necessary critical considerations of all ambivalences of relations both globally and locally with a view of pointing to the possibility of the notion of new forms of totalitarianism, as well as the necessary need to built an open unity of theoretical-poetical opinion-action-creation in order to avoid the traps of possible fate. Any justification of the existing practice belongs to every-day calculative consciousness, and critical takes about contemporary times is the need of the human's opinion as a substance of the objective mind.
Analysis of investment projects risks with the assessment of technical factors of profitability
Authors: Malesevic Erika , Soldat Drago
Published: April 2009

When working on analysis of the risk involved in the process of investment, analysis of risk as an important factor for uncertainty is done with an intention of observing an event, which during an economic project period can affect the behavior of growth in the technological-technical and economic-financial state.
Creation of optimal ownership structure: Important precondition for harmonic functioning of national economy
Authors: Lukic Radovan
Published: April 2009

The ownership transformation of socially owned and state capital concerning the privatization of socially owned and state enterprises should lead to important changes in the ownership structure of our economy. More of that, 'the ownership reform literally predetermines the institutional changes in all essential parts of the system'. This is the reason, on the occasion of the enactment of the new law on privatization, to point out to need for wider and more versatile consideration of ownership concerning need to consider the whole ownership relations in the economy of Serbia and PR of Yugoslavia. Because of enormous significance of ownership for socio-economic system (for building market economy, political democracy and civil state) its reform should be based on the complete program of ownership relations transformation adopted with necessary socio-political consensus. In that sense this paper explains the actual state of the ownership relations in our economy and points out to needful creation of more favorable ownership structure (tended to be optimal in the future) in order to, along with all other necessary bases, ensure the conditions for more harmonic and more efficient economic development. It should be remarked that this paper does not pretend to explore and to establish Quantitative relations in the ownership structure of economy. With respect to the title of this paper that alludes to ideal state of economy necessary is to emphasize that, because of the above-mentioned importance of ownership, optimally arranged ownership relations are very significant factor for harmonic functioning of national economy.