bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
RESEARCH OF THE EJECTING PROPERTIES OF A POLYFRACTION BULK MATERIAL FLOW
Authors: Попов Евгений , Popov Evgeniy
Published: November 2019

This work is aimed at confirming the adequacy of the probabilistic and statistical approach to determining the aerodynamic resistance coefficient of particles in a flow of the free falling polyfractional material, suggested by the author. The aerodynamic resistance coefficient of particles in a flow of falling material is defined by calculating the probability of finding particles out of air shadows of the neighboring particles. The laboratory experiment was performed on the offered experimental samples of bulk materials having different particle size distribution, but the identical average diameter of particles. The design of a laboratory experimental installation which allows determining the consumption of air, ejected by a polyfractional material flow, was described. The amount of the air, ejected with experimental samples, depends on their particle size distribution that confirms the insufficiency of describing the properties of bulk material only with the average diameter value. The given comparison of results of the analytical calculations with experimental data shows the reliability and adequacy of the calculated values.
Monteggia lesion and its equivalents in children
Authors: Čepelík M. , Pešl T. , Hendrych J. , Havránek P.
Published: November 2019

Purpose

The aim of the study is to evaluate our group of paediatric patients with Monteggia lesion and its equivalents and to compare the characteristics of basic types of these lesions concerning therapeutic approach and results of the treatment.

Methods

Retrospective study of 111 children treated in the Department of Pediatric and Trauma Surgery of the Thomayer Hospital in Prague between 2001 and 2013 (13 years). When evaluating the outcome of the therapy, Bruce's criteria modified by Letts that assesses range of movement, pain and deformity of the elbow joint were applied. Regarding the therapeutic approach, four groups were compared: nonoperative treatment, reduction and casting, closed reduction and internal fixation (CRIF) and opened reduction and internal fixation (ORIF). Results were compared between three groups of patients (Monteggia lesions, displaced equivalents and non-displaced equivalents) using Fisher's exact test with α set to 0.05.

Results

In all, 46 patients were treated for (true) Monteggia lesion, 27 for non-displaced Monteggia equivalent and 38 for displaced equivalent. There is a statistically significant difference in therapeutic approach between all three groups of patients. There is no significant difference in outcome between Monteggia lesions and both types of Monteggia equivalents, but there is a statistically significant difference between displaced and non-displaced equivalents.

Conclusion

There are only two lesions that meet the criteria of Monteggia – (true) Monteggia lesion and displaced Monteggia equivalent. The non-displaced equivalent does not meet the criteria of Monteggia and, therefore, should not be termed a Monteggia equivalent.

Level of Evidence

Level III – Retrospective comparative study
Bees (Hymenoptera, Apoidea) in an Ecotonal Cerrado-Amazon Region in Brazil
Authors: Almeida Rony Peterson Santos , Arruda Filipe Viegas , Silva Daniel Paiva , Coelho Beatriz Woiski Teixeira
Published: November 2019

Little is known about the distribution of organisms in transitional areas, overall because of the lack of understanding regarding each species’ specificity to the diversity of microhabitats found in these areas and effective ways to sample organisms in these regions. Therefore, in this study we aimed to inventory the bee species in a transitional Cerrado-Amazon area in the state of Pará, Brazil, evaluating the effects of three different sampling methods. We used six fragments, sampled in two different seasons with three sampling methods (arboreal pitfalls with urine, scent traps, and pan traps). The specimens were identified and we used accumulation curves to measure the effectiveness of each method. In total, we sampled 68 bee species, where 53 were exclusively from one single sampling method. The pitfall traps were those with reached the highest species richness among all three sampling methods analyzed, followed by the scent traps and pan traps, respectively. Despite the efficiency and generality of the bee groups we found, the pitfall method does not cover specific bee groups as the Euglossini bees, almost exclusively attracted to scent traps. Therefore, we suggest that studies using pitfalls with urine should be performed in other biomes to evaluate the efficiency of this method in future bee surveys.
Diversity of Ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) in a Sub-Montane and Sub-Tropical Cityscape of Northeastern Mexico
Authors: García-Martínez Miguel Angel , Vanoye-Eligio Venancio , Leyva-Ovalle Otto Raul , Zetina-Córdoba Pedro , Aguilar-Méndez Mario Josué , Mejía Madai Rosas
Published: November 2019

ABSTRACT - The role of urban ecosystems in maintaining biodiversity and ecosystem services is highly variable because of the heterogeneity of habitats in human-use landscapes. We analyzed ant diversity in a sub-montane and sub-tropical urban area of northeastern Mexico to determine the conservation value of this cityscape. Ants were collected in 16 across the cityscape, including spaces at the periphery and urban center, during the rainy season (August to October) of 2015. To capture ants, eight trap traps were installed along a 100-m transect, and hand collections were performed. In total, 7,415 ant workers belonging to 32 species, 23 genera, 11 tribes, and 5 sub-families were collected. The richness and structure of the assemblages varied among the sampling sites. The compositional similarity also varied significantly among sampling sites, and unique species were found in four sites. Each site showed an important and particular ant assemblage that differed from that of the other sites and the surrounding habitats in the cityscape. The results suggest that some sampling sites in the studied cityscape may contribute to the conservation of certain ant groups and invertebrate communities threatened by urban intensification. Ultimately, our findings support the importance of conserved areas and green spaces for the conservation of native species in and near urban areas.
Pollination of Grewia asiatica (Malvaceae) by Megachile cephalotes (Hymenoptera: Megachilidae): Male vs. Female Pollination
Authors: Sajjad Asif , Akram Waseem , Ali Sajjad , Farooqi Muhammad Aslam , Mujtaba Ghulam , Ali Mudssar , Ahmad Ammad
Published: November 2019

Phalsa, Grewia asiatica is a multi-purpose crop while cross-pollination can significantly improve its reproductive success. Megachile bees (Megachilidae) are the most important group of pollinators of G. asiatica. In this study we observed the foraging behavior of Megachile cephalotes and its ultimate impact on reproductive success of phalsa at Bahawalpur (Punjab), Pakistan. Although visitation rate and stay time were statistically similar in both the sexes but visitation frequency (2.06±0.14 individuals/120 seconds) and pollen deposition (39.35±3.17 pollen grains /stigma/visit) of females were significantly higher than that of males (0.44±0.06 individuals/120 seconds and 12.05±1.19 pollen grains/stigma/visit, respectively). The environmental factors (i.e. ambient temperature, relative humidity, sunlight intensity and wind speed) greatly influenced -either positively or negatively- both the sexes (Pearson’s correlation). Female pollinated fruits were significantly greater in weight (0.41±0.017 g) followed by open (0.31±0.012 g) and male (0.27±0.011 g) pollinated fruits. Percent weight loss remained significantly lower in female pollinated fruits than open and male pollinated fruits until12 hours after harvest. Fruit wrinkling significantly increased with the increase in post-harvest intervals in open, female and male pollinated fruits while fruit color changed only in female pollinated fruits. The results of present study suggest female M. cephalotes as the efficient pollinators of G. asiatica in terms of it reproductive success and post-harvest parameters. Future studies should focus biology and ecology of M. cephalotes with special focus on its artificial nesting.
Associations Between Perceived Susceptibility to Pregnancy and Contraceptive Use in a National Sample of Women Veterans
Authors: Britton Laura E. , Judge‐Golden Colleen P. , Wolgemuth Tierney E. , Zhao Xinhua , Mor Maria K. , Callegari Lisa S. , Borrero Sonya
Published: November 2019

CONTEXT

Women may be at risk for unintended pregnancy if they forgo contraception or use ineffective methods because they erroneously believe they are unlikely to conceive. However, the relationship between perceived susceptibility to pregnancy and contraceptive use is not fully understood.

METHODS

Data collected in 2014–2016 for the Examining Contraceptive Use and Unmet Needs study were used to examine perceived susceptibility to pregnancy among 969 women veterans aged 20–45 who were at risk for unintended pregnancy and received primary care through the U.S. Veterans Affairs Healthcare System. Multivariable logistic regression was used to identify associations between perceived susceptibility to pregnancy (perceived likelihood during one year of unprotected intercourse) and use of any contraceptive at last sex. Multinomial regression models were used to examine method effectiveness among women who used a contraceptive at last sex.

RESULTS

Forty percent of women perceived their susceptibility to pregnancy to be low. Compared with women with high perceived susceptibility to pregnancy, those with low perceived susceptibility were less likely to have used any contraceptive at last sex (86% vs. 96%; adjusted odds ratio, 0.2). Among contraceptive users, women with low perceived susceptibility were less likely than those with high perceived susceptibility to have used a highly effective method (26% vs. 34%; adjusted relative risk ratio, 0.6) or moderately effective method (34% vs. 39%; 0.6) at last sex.

CONCLUSIONS

Identifying and addressing fertility misperceptions among women with low perceived susceptibility to pregnancy could help promote informed decision making about contraception and reduce the risk of unintended pregnancy.
La construcción mediática de las identidades regionales periféricas: el Real Murcia Club de Fútbol como espacio simbólico de negociación de sentido
Authors: Herrero-Andreu Esperanza , García-Jiménez Leonarda
Published: November 2019

El fútbol es un importante espacio simbólico de representación y construcción de las identidades regionales. Sin embargo, el estudio de estas identidades en dicho deporte ha sido un objeto de investigación poco explorado dentro del campo de la comunicación en España. Por ello, el presente artículo adopta como caso de estudio la crisis que el Real Murcia, club emblemático de la región homónima, vivió a finales de 2018 y que fue contestada por la afición y la ciudadanía con la creación de un movimiento solidario. Un total de 152 informaciones publicadas en la prensa local entre octubre y diciembre de 2018 han sido investigadas mediante un análisis de contenido cuantitativo. Los resultados muestran que el Real Murcia es construido como un símbolo identitario, protagonizado por la ciudadanía y sus acciones de carácter ético, en un relato periodístico que promueve los valores y apego a lo murciano. Así, los medios locales son instituciones sociales clave en la reproducción de las identidades regionales periféricas, menos desarrolladas que las reconocidas como históricas por la Constitución Española. En última instancia, el fútbol es un espacio simbólico de sentido en el que también se reconocen las colectividades que habitan en los márgenes de los Estados-nación.
Live vaccines against bacterial fish diseases: A review
Authors: Mohd-Aris Aslizah , Muhamad-Sofie Mohd Hafiz Ngoo , Zamri-Saad Mohd , Daud Hassan Mohd , Ina-Salwany Md. Yasin
Published: November 2019

Fish diseases are often caused either by bacteria, viruses, fungi, parasites, or a combination of these pathogens. Of these, bacterial fish diseases are considered to be a major problem in the aquaculture industry. Hence, the prevention of such diseases by proper vaccination is one of the integral strategies in fish health management, aimed at reducing the fish mortality rate in the aquaculture farms. Vaccination offers an effective yet low-cost solution to combat the risk of disease in fish farming. An appropriate vaccination regime to prevent bacterial diseases offers a solution against the harmful effects of antibiotic applications. This review discusses the role of live-attenuated vaccine in controlling bacterial diseases and the development of such vaccines and their vaccination strategy. The current achievements and potential applications of live-attenuated and combined vaccines are also highlighted. Vaccine development is concluded to be a demanding process, as it must satisfy the requirements of the aquaculture industry.
Developing growth models for tree plantations using inadequate data – a case for Korean pine in Northeast China
Authors: Jin Xingji , Pukkala Timo , Li Fengri , Dong Lihu
Published: November 2019

Pinus koraiensis
A kollaboráció hatékonyságának feltételei és mérési lehetőségei
Authors: Pásztor-Kovács Anita
Published: November 2019

Mivel a csoportok alkalmazása egy adott probléma megoldására vagy projekt kivitelezésére egyre gyakoribb eljárást jelent a modern munkahelyeken, a kollaboratív képességek folyamatosan növekvő értéket képviselnek napjainkban, a 21. századi képességek közé is gyakran sorolják őket. Ez a tény is azt sugallja, hogy egy olyan képességegyüttesről van szó, amely nélkülözhetetlen a 21. században való sikeres boldoguláshoz, legyen szó a munka világáról vagy a magánéletünkről. A kollaboráció egyre nagyobb jelentőségét tekintve kulcsfontosságú annak ismerete, hogy milyen tényezők befolyásolják annak hatékonyságát. Jelen tanulmány elsődleges célja ezen tényezők áttekintése. A hatékonyság feltételeit először a feladat típusának szempontjából elemezzük. Kifejtjük, hogy milyen jellegű problémák megoldását érdemes csoportok kezébe adni, és melyek azok a jelenségek a különböző feladattípusok kapcsán, amelyek a kollaboráció hatékonyságát veszélyeztethetik. Ezek után azt tekintjük át, hogy a csoporttagoknak milyen attribútumokkal szükséges rendelkezniük ahhoz, hogy hatékony kollaboráció bontakozhasson ki. Bemutatjuk Stevens és Campion (1994) gyakran hivatkozott, hazánkban mégis kevéssé ismeretes, komplex, a feladatcsoport vizsgálatok eredményeit szintetizáló modelljét, amely tizennégy a csoportmunkához szükséges tudás, készség- és képességhalmazt azonosít két főkategóriába, ezen belül öt alkategóriába rendezve. A tanulmány további célja képet adni azokról az egyéni és csoportszintű kvalitatív mérőeljárásokról, amelyekkel a kollaboráció hatékonysága diagnosztizálható, a kollaboratív képességek fejlődése nyomon követhető.
Az ezredforduló pszichológiája
Authors: Pléh Csaba
Published: November 2019

Az összefoglaló tanulmány azt elemzi, hogyan változott meg az utóbbi néhány évtizedben a pszichológiai kutatás mondanivalója és működésmódja. A pszichológia három magyarázati modellje, a neurális, az evolúciós és a társas modell új módon kapcsolódnak egymáshoz. Megjelenik a kidolgozott evolúciós pszichológia, mely  a társas életet és a társas magyarázatot is igyekszik bekebelezni. Az evolúciós fejlődés felfogások pedig egyszerre helyezik el a mentális életet egy neuroszociális és egy kultúrára is kiterjesztett evolúciós modellben. Mindezt az innátista fejlődésfelfogások finomodása révén olyan pszichogenetika érvelések kísérik, melyek az univerzális és az egyéni különbségekkel foglalkozó gentika hagyományt egyesítik.

A mostani és a következő számban megjelenő tanulmány az Akadémiai Kiadónál előkészületben lévő pszichológiai kézikönyv bevezető fejezetének készül, a szakirodalom a következő számban olvasható. Köszönöm Forgács Bálint (ELTE) kommentárjait, valamint Géczi János főszerkesztő biztatását a megjelentetésre cikk formában.
Um modo de significar a formação docente pelo olhar do professor-formador
Authors: Martinez Adriana Ofretorio de Oliveira Martin
Published: November 2019

As qualidades descritivas e reflexivas da escrita narrativa permitem, ao sujeito que a escreve, adentrar nas dimensões históricas e sociais de sua trajetória profissional e nas interrelações que o formam. Esse tipo de escrita torna-se um modo possível de se questionar os sentidos das práticas profissionais e transgredir possíveis ações que não se modificam. Partindo desse contexto, o presente trabalho propõe tecer um diálogo sobre os sentidos e significados que perpassam as dinâmicas de formação continuada de professores, mas pelo olhar de quem as planejou – sujeito que denominamos como professor-formador. Para tanto, com o aporte teórico da psicologia Histórico-Cultural e metodológico do paradigma indiciário, analisaremos as narrativas reflexivas escritas de uma professora-formadora, elaboradas a partir de suas experiências como responsável por cursos de formação continuada sobre a prática pedagógica para professores e educadores de uma rede pública de ensino paulista.  A narrativa escrita das experiências da professora-formadora se tornou um modo de elaborar novos planos de ação  formativas diante daquilo que ela observou ser importante para os professores e educadores aprenderem sobre o planejamento pedagógico nos cursos. Assim, o conceito de formação, como algo dinâmico e a ser construído no percurso, tornou-se motivo de reflexão.
Gênero Resenha:
Authors: Da Silva João Miller
Published: November 2019

Este artigo tem a finalidade de analisar a adequação das características do gênero resenha. As resenhas analisadas foram produzidas por alunos de escola pública e foram coletadas em situação de ensino aprendizagem. A pesquisa contou com uma pesquisa teórica fundamentada em Bakhtin (2003); Marcuschi (2008); Andrade (2006); Machado (2004) Motta- Roth (2001) e entre outros. Foi possível constatar que os alunos apresentaram dificuldades para fazer os movimentos retóricos estruturados da resenha.
Sistemas Adaptativos Complexos e Relações Professor-Aluno no Contexto Idiomas sem Fronteiras
Authors: Bruna Ávila Semírames , Ramalho de Souza Gasperim
Published: November 2019

O artigo relata o processo de desenvolvimento de material didático para o ensino específico de português como língua adicional (PLA), tendo como aporte a proposta pedagógica de implementação de gêneros em sala de aula de língua inglesa para fins específicos (RAMOS, 2004). Seguindo, ainda, a dinâmica sugerida por Silva; Leurquin (2014) de elaboração de material didático, desenvolveu-se uma unidade didática em torno do gênero apresentação oral, utilizada com alunos estrangeiros intercambistas inscritos em cursos do Idiomas Sem Fronteiras – Português (IsF-Português) da Universidade Federal de São João del-Rei - MG. Considerando-se a importância e a carência do trabalho com gêneros orais em sala de aula de línguas estrangeiras, busca-se refletir sobre as implicações do desenvolvimento de material com fins específicos para o processo de ensino-aprendizagem de PLA no contexto universitário, bem como para a formação inicial do professor.
Fatos e memórias de uma paisagem ucraniana
Authors: Mageroski Solange Franciele , Brumes Karla Rosário
Published: November 2019

A paisagem de Prudentópolis-PR tomou características peculiares a partir da chegada de imigrantes ucranianos no final do século XIX e início do XX. Estes sujeitos têm contribuído para uma transformação dinâmica da paisagem local, e os atributos culturais impressos na paisagem fazem Prudentópolis ser conhecido como “a Ucrânia Brasileira”. Neste sentido, o presente artigo exibe a paisagem por meio de notícias contidas em um Jornal.  O Jornal Prácia, presente na comunidade ucraniana desde o ano de 1912, é um instrumento relevante para a compreensão desses sujeitos em seu novo território. Neste artigo, damos ênfase para a materialidade da cultura, ou seja, para os elementos visíveis na paisagem, visto que eles são muitos, materiais e imateriais.
Nibelunge – Burgonde – Rinfranken
Authors: Kofler Walter
Published: November 2019

The Migration Period (c. 375–568 AD) left its mark on most of the Germanic heroic poems: Three medieval empires – Burgundy, Hunland, and Lombardy – are involved in struggles for power, reputation, and vengeance. But the poems were also influenced by contemporary political conditions – particularly by the presence of the Holy Roman Empire as a great power in Europe. The ›Klage‹, a sequel to the ›Nibelungenlied‹, presents not only ancient kings like Etzel and Dietrich but also the Roman-German emperor. This examination looks for parallels between the ›Klage‹ and related poems like ›Nibelungenlied‹ and ›Biterolf und Dietleib‹ dealing with a medieval empire.
A Multiscalar Coordination of Languaging
Authors: Zheng Dongping , Hu Ying , Banov Ivan
Published: November 2019

This study adds to a new area of research that seeks to harmonize language pedagogies in classrooms and language learning in virtual environments. Harmonious languaging uses co-actional and symmetrical structural dynamics to compare three environments in a Chinese school: a baseline traditional classroom using textbooks, the virtual space of Quest Atlantis

Quest Atlantis has recently changed its name to Atlantis Remixed (http://atlantisremixed.org)

, and a comparable class using print-based handouts. Each has a different design and thus features, and we show that these affect languaging. We found languaging styles that were contingent upon a) the teacher (e.g. answering questions, correcting, inquiring, repeating, and writing in the form of note-taking), b) Quest Atlantis virtual material artifacts (e.g. individuating multiscalar coordination between reading and writing), and c) the teacher and the handout (e.g. answering questions, self-expressing, and reflection). These styles are important for pedagogy. In our view, the field neglects the harmonious languaging style that arises around virtual worlds. There is lack of engagement with language-as-part-of-nonlinguistic-action. From the distributed view, we show an example of how foreign language learning is facilitated in an experiential domain where verbal patterns are evaluated immediately in the coordination of reading and writing, for which avatar actions, link-clicking, and using dictionaries become other-oriented modes of ambient action.
Skilled Embodiment in Emergency Medicine
Authors: Trasmundi Sarah Bro
Published: November 2019

This paper applies a multiscalar interactivity perspective in the study of how healthcare professionals enact skilled embodiment in ways that allow them to animate their rich environment during task performance. However, in focusing on interactivity, we are not only interested in the characteristics of embodiment as they are enacted in the here-and-now. While task performance involves not only the whole body (as a multi-sensory organ), but a historical, skilled body that affects the ecology in which a person is embedded, action-perception must be viewed as direct and distributed. That is, habitual performance and skilled embodiment emerge in coordination with lived experience and real-time affordances for action. Specifically, this paper investigates two real-life cases of how patients and medical staff engage in interactivity through rich embodiment including languaging. From an interactivity perspective, the first case indicates a novice doctor’s inability to pick up relevant information in the emergency medicine ecology. The outcome can be crucial and span patient dissatisfaction, erroneous results, and generally insufficient, and unsatisfactory healthcare. The second case provides a counterexample and illustrates how novice doctors can be supported in picking up task-relevant information as they can rely on other team members’ skilled embodiment. The article concludes that an interactivity perspective has implications not just for model-building in linguistics, semiotics and the cognitive sciences but also for practice where educational initiatives adopt the epistemologies behind such linguistic, communicative and cognitive models.
Social health needs of Iranian male adolescents
Authors: Zare Elham , Simbar Masoumeh , Shahhoseini Zohreh
Published: November 2019

Background

Adequate attention to adolescents’ health is considered an investment for the future of any country. Adolescents face many social and cultural challenges when they enter a new stage of social life. The advancement of adolescent social health depends on the recognition of their needs. This study aimed to explain the concept of social health needs from the perspectives of male adolescents to improve the health of both adolescents and the society.

Method

In this qualitative study with a content analysis approach, 52 male adolescents aged 13–18 years participated in 10 semi-structured individual interviews and seven focus group discussions. They expressed their experiences and opinions regarding social health needs. Purposive sampling was performed to recruit the adolescents in different areas of Tehran in 2017. Collected data was analyzed using the conventional content analysis method.

Results

The findings were divided into four main themes and eight sub-themes including “need to have a healthy family (healthy family relationships and family responsibility)”, “need to have a healthy society (favorable social status and favorable economic situation)”, “need to have educational facilities (promoting productivity in schools and public education facilities)”, “need to have communication with peers (healthy communication with peers and setting up for communication with peers of the opposite gender)”.

Conclusion

To promote social health in adolescents, it is necessary to plan for the empowerment of community, family, schools and mass media by health authorities and devise appropriate health policies.
Die Autonomie des ,souveränen Individuums‘ in Nietzsches Genealogie der Moral
Authors: Brusotti Marco
Published: November 2019

The second essay of Nietzsche’s Genealogy of Morals introduces the ‘sovereign individual’ as ‘responsible’, ‘autonomous’ and ‘free’. Does this affirmative use of moral terminology reveal an unexpected affinity between Nietzsche’s thought and philosophical modernity? In the last decades, this issue has been at the heart of a vast and controversial debate. My analysis shows that, rather than throwing light on Nietzsche’s general position, the specific use of Kantian terms in this passage of GM is due to a polemical intention. Implicitly, Nietzsche rejects Eduard von Hartmann’s criticism of the ‘absolute sovereignty of the individual’. The author of the Phänomenologie des sittlichen Bewusstseins (1879) sees the most radical herald of this ‘sovereignty’ in Max Stirner. From Nietzsche’s point of view, Hartmann’s rejection and Stirner’s affirmation share a reductive conception of ‘sovereignty’. Reinterpreting and ‘revaluing’ Kant’s moral terminology, Nietzsche aims to give an interpretation of individual sovereignty that is at the same time antithetical to Stirner’s and wholly at odds with Hartmann’s ethical views. In showing this, the paper gives a new answer to an old question; for already in the 1890s, Hartmann himself, accusing Nietzsche of plagiarizing Stirner, raised the issue of the historical relationship between the two philosophers. More generally, the paper shows that Nietzsche employs a specific textual strategy, which consists in taking Kantian terms in an ‘anti-Kantian’ sense and systematically cultivating the art of using ‘a moral formula in a supramoral sense’.
Situative Werkpolitik. Nietzsches Retraktationen der Geburt der Tragödie
Authors: Pichler Axel
Published: November 2019

Nietzsche has repeatedly commented on his already published works, and thus continuously reinterpreted them, in order to shape their public reception and to foreground the communication of specific aspects of his works. As such, he followed a specific “work politics,” or Werkpolitik. The resulting retractions are not only revealing for the reconstruction of Nietzsche’s self-understanding, but also demonstrate both the development and the dynamic character of his thinking. In the present article, this is shown through a so-called “contrasting reading,” which contrasts a posthumous note about The Birth of Tragedy, the Attempt at a Self-Criticism from 1886, with the book itself and with the chapter in Ecce Homo that is dedicated to BT. Starting from a close reading of note Nachlass 1888, 17[3], which also takes into account the genesis of BT, I argue that Nietzsche’s self-commentaries combine his current philosophical reflections with work-political objectives. The subsequent comparison reconstructs the philosophical differences between the note and the texts mentioned above, thus demonstrating the dynamic character of Nietzsche’s philosophizing, which is often stated but seldom reconstructed on the basis of the actual texts.
Action at a Distance: From Boscovich to Nietzsche
Authors: Husbands Conor
Published: November 2019

Limited scholarly attention has been committed to the analysis of Nietzsche’s 1873 Time-Atom Theory, a fragment whose contentions strike both the seasoned and unseasoned reader of the Nachlass as especially speculative and grandiose. The principal objective of this essay is to critically review and extend the recent aspects of this limited commentary, focusing on the work of Gregory Whitlock, Robin Small and Keith Ansell-Pearson. I argue that an important and overlooked ambiguity is latent in Nietzsche’s framing of his argument, which impinges upon the scope and purpose of the fragment. I consider the question posed by Small as to the status of the time-points in the fragment which, I contend, Nietzsche does not hold to be empirical. Thirdly, I discuss a central point of debate between Whitlock, Small and Ansell-Pearson: the extent of the analogy between Roger Boscovich and Nietzsche. I submit in conclusion that the connections between the two have been over-emphasised in the context of the 1873 fragment, and that this relationship cannot yield a complete account of Nietzsche’s approach.
The Civilian Side of Peacekeeping: New Research Avenues
Authors: Otto Sabine
Published: November 2019

Almost three decades ago the United Nations (UN) entered an era of multi-dimensional peacekeeping operations, in which civilian and uniformed personnel work together. At the same time, human rights promotion became an integral part of such missions. Due to data limitations, there is little systematic knowledge about how civilian staff impacts human rights standards in the countries UN peacekeeping operations are deployed. I address this lacuna in two ways. First, I briefly outline the importance of civilian staff in UN peacekeeping operations and their roles in promoting human rights. Second, I provide explorative descriptive statistics on the number of civilian personnel in UN peacekeeping operations and the occurrence of violence against civilians committed by state forces.
Could metformin be therapeutically useful in Huntington’s disease?
Authors: Tang Bor Luen
Published: November 2019

Emerging evidence suggest that dimethylbiguanide (metformin), a first-line drug for type 2 diabetes mellitus, could be neuroprotective in a range of brain pathologies, which include neurodegenerative diseases and brain injury. However, there are also contraindications that associate metformin treatment with cognitive impairment as well as adverse outcomes in Alzheimer’s disease and Parkinson’s disease animal models. Recently, a beneficial effect of metformin in animal models of Huntington’s disease (HD) has been strengthened by multiple reports. In this brief review, the findings associated with the effects of metformin in attenuating neurodegenerative diseases are discussed, focusing on HD-associated pathology and the potential underlying mechanisms highlighted by these studies. The mechanism of action of metformin is complex, and its therapeutic efficacy is therefore expected to be dependent on the disease context. The key metabolic pathways that are effectively affected by metformin, such as AMP-activated protein kinase activation, may be altered in the later decades of the human lifespan. In this regard, metformin may nonetheless be therapeutically useful for neurological diseases with early pathological onsets, such as HD.
A disease-modifying treatment for Alzheimer’s disease: focus on the trans-sulfuration pathway
Authors: Berry Thomas , Abohamza Eid , Moustafa Ahmed A.
Published: November 2019

High homocysteine levels in Alzheimer’s disease (AD) result from low activity of the trans-sulfuration pathway. Glutathione levels are also low in AD. L-cysteine is required for the synthesis of glutathione. The synthesis of coenzyme A (CoA) requires L-cysteine, which is synthesized via the trans-sulfuration pathway. CoA is required for the synthesis of acetylcholine and appropriate cholinergic neurotransmission. L-cysteine is required for the synthesis of molybdenum-containing proteins. Sulfite oxidase (SUOX), which is a molybdenum-containing protein, could be dysregulated in AD. SUOX detoxifies the sulfites. Glutaminergic neurotransmission could be dysregulated in AD due to low levels of SUOX and high levels of sulfites. L-cysteine provides sulfur for iron-sulfur clusters. Oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) is heavily dependent on iron-sulfur proteins. The decrease in OXPHOS seen in AD could be due to dysregulations of the trans-sulfuration pathway. There is a decrease in aconitase 1 (ACO1) in AD. ACO1 is an iron-sulfur enzyme in the citric acid cycle that upon loss of an iron-sulfur cluster converts to iron regulatory protein 1 (IRP1). With the dysregulation of iron-sulfur cluster formation ACO1 will convert to IRP1 which will decrease the 2-oxglutarate synthesis dysregulating the citric acid cycle and also dysregulating iron metabolism. Selenomethionine is also metabolized by the trans-sulfuration pathway. With the low activity of the trans-sulfuration pathway in AD selenoproteins will be dysregulated in AD. Dysregulation of selenoproteins could lead to oxidant stress in AD. In this article, we propose a novel treatment for AD that addresses dysregulations resulting from low activity of the trans-sulfuration pathway and low L-cysteine.
Theater der Magie – Magie des Theaters. Das Beispiel der Affaire des poisons (1676–1682)
Authors: Wörsdörfer Anna Isabell
Published: November 2019

Focusing on the historico-cultural context of the Affair of the Poisons (1676–1682), the following article deals with the complementarity of magic and theatre which manifests itself on the one hand in the spectacular features of magic rituals and on the other in the illusionary effects of the comedy La Devineresse written by Thomas Corneille and Jean Donneau de Visé. Under recourse to New Historicism, the transitions between magical and aesthetic illusion are examined as well as the different conditions of building credibility which are specific for both phenomena: While the theatricality of magical acts contributes to their authentication as it appears in the case files of the affair, magical effects on stage produce two opposite views: the creation of illusion and credibility on the intratextual level and the breaking of illusion and the concomitant challenge of credibility on the extratextual level. Due to the two levels of theatrical communication, La Devineresse represents an important contribution to the demystification of magical practices during the scandal of poisons.
Prepositional adverbials in the diachrony of Romance: a state of the art
Authors: Hummel Martin , Chircu Adrian , García Sánchez Jairo Javier , García-Hernández Benjamín , Koch Stefan , Porcel Bueno David , Wissner Inka
Published: November 2019

The paper provides a state of the art in research on prepositional adverbials in Romance that combine a preposition with an adjective, e.g., Sp. en breve ‘in short’ (= PA-pattern). It therefore reviews the existing bibliography on Romance in general, Latin, Catalan, French, Italian, Portuguese, Romanian, and Spanish. The theoretical background is the hypothesis that the PA-pattern could have played a relevant role as a third way of forming adverbials in the diachrony of Romance, paralleling adverbial adjectives (e.g., breve used as an adverb: hablar breve) and derived adverbs (e.g., brevemente). The review confirms that the PA-pattern is marginal in (written) Latin but rises abruptly in early Romance, suggesting a “hidden” past in spoken Latin. This is corroborated by the fact that similar PA-patterns are used in all Romance languages. However, these insights have often to be deduced from marginal observations on the adverbials in use. As yet, research has not systematically studied the role of PA adverbials in the diachrony of Romance.
Evaluation of Dynamic Image Analysis for Characterizing Granular Soils
Authors: Li Linzhu , Iskander Magued
Published: November 2019

This study investigates the efficacy of dynamic image analysis (DIA) for determining particle size and shape distribution. The method employs a high-frame-rate camera to image individual particles of sand that have been transported and separated using a stream of pressurized air. DIA can generate both particle size and shape information and provides a quantitative statistical description of the grain size and shape distribution within the specimen. The feasibility, repeatability, and accuracy of DIA for routine analysis of particle size and shape distribution was investigated using 16 granular soils spanning a number of common sizes and shapes. Several particle shape descriptors were evaluated, including aspect ratio, convexity, and sphericity. The effect of a variety of test parameters including moisture content, sample weight, primary air pressure, and test duration were explored to determine the optimal specimen weight and equipment settings for DIA. Finally, the efficacy of DIA in resolving mixtures of fine and coarse sands was also explored. The method proved to be feasible, repeatable, and accurate for providing particle size distributions spanning four orders of magnitude, in terms of particle size. DIA offers a number of advantages; the method is quick, requires small specimen sizes, and provides quantitative information on approximately 3–4 % of the particles in the specimen.
The Nebulin Family LIM and SH3 Proteins Regulate Postsynaptic Development and Function
Authors: Myers Kenneth R. , Yu Kuai , Kremerskothen Joachim , Butt Elke , Zheng James Q.
Published: November 2019

Neuronal dendrites have specialized actin-rich structures called dendritic spines that receive and integrate most excitatory synaptic inputs. The stabilization of dendrites and spines during neuronal maturation is essential for proper neural circuit formation. Changes in dendritic morphology and stability are largely mediated by regulation of the actin cytoskeleton; however, the underlying mechanisms remain to be fully elucidated. Here, we present evidence that the nebulin family members LASP1 and LASP2 play an important role in the postsynaptic development of rat hippocampal neurons from both sexes. We find that both LASP1 and LASP2 are enriched in dendritic spines, and their knockdown impairs spine development and synapse formation. Furthermore, LASP2 exerts a distinct role in dendritic arbor and dendritic spine stabilization. Importantly, the actin-binding N-terminal LIM domain and nebulin repeats of LASP2 are required for spine stability and dendritic arbor complexity. These findings identify LASP1 and LASP2 as novel regulators of neuronal circuitry.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTProper regulation of the actin cytoskeleton is essential for the structural stability of dendrites and dendritic spines. Consequently, the malformation of dendritic structures accompanies numerous neurologic disorders, such as schizophrenia and autism. Nebulin family members are best known for their role in regulating the stabilization and function of actin thin filaments in muscle. The two smallest family members, LASP1 and LASP2, are more structurally diverse and are expressed in a broader array of tissues. While both LASP1 and LASP2 are highly expressed in the brain, little is currently known about their function in the nervous system. In this study, we demonstrate the first evidence that LASP1 and LASP2 are involved in the formation and long-term maintenance of dendrites and dendritic spines.
Extent of Single-Neuron Activity Modulation by Hippocampal Interictal Discharges Predicts Declarative Memory Disruption in Humans
Authors: Reed Chrystal M. , Mosher Clayton P. , Chandravadia Nand , Chung Jeffrey M. , Mamelak Adam N. , Rutishauser Ueli
Published: November 2019

Memory deficits are common in epilepsy patients. In these patients, the interictal EEG commonly shows interictal epileptiform discharges (IEDs). While IEDs are associated with transient cognitive impairments, it remains poorly understood why this is. We investigated the effects of human (male and female) hippocampal IEDs on single-neuron activity during a memory task in patients with medically refractory epilepsy undergoing depth electrode monitoring. We quantified the effects of hippocampal IEDs on single-neuron activity and the impact of this modulation on subjectively declared memory strength. Across all recorded neurons, the activity of 50 of 728 neurons were significantly modulated by IEDs, with the strongest modulation in the medial temporal lobe (33 of 416) and in particular the right hippocampus (12 of 58). Putative inhibitory neurons, as identified by their extracellular signature, were more likely to be modulated by IEDs than putative excitatory neurons (19 of 157 vs 31 of 571). Behaviorally, the occurrence of hippocampal IEDs was accompanied by a disruption of recognition of familiar images only if they occurred up to 2 s before stimulus onset. In contrast, IEDs did not impair encoding or recognition of novel images, indicating high temporal and task specificity of the effects of IEDs. The degree of modulation of individual neurons by an IED correlated with the declared confidence of a retrieval trial, with higher firing rates indicative of reduced confidence. Together, these data link the transient modulation of individual neurons by IEDs to specific declarative memory deficits in specific cell types, thereby revealing a mechanism by which IEDs disrupt medial temporal lobe-dependent declarative memory retrieval processes.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTInterictal epileptiform discharges (IEDs) are thought to be a cause of memory deficits in chronic epilepsy patients, but the underlying mechanisms are not understood. Utilizing single-neuron recordings in epilepsy patients, we found that hippocampal IEDs transiently change firing of hippocampal neurons and disrupted selectively the retrieval, but not encoding, of declarative memories. The extent of the modulation of the individual firing of hippocampal neurons by an IED predicted the extent of reduction of subjective retrieval confidence. Together, these data reveal a specific kind of transient cognitive impairment caused by IEDs and link this impairment to the modulation of the activity of individual neurons. Understanding the mechanisms by which IEDs impact memory is critical for understanding memory impairments in epilepsy patients.
Motor Cortex Inputs at the Optimum Phase of Beta Cortical Oscillations Undergo More Rapid and Less Variable Corticospinal Propagation
Authors: Torrecillos Flavie , Falato Emma , Pogosyan Alek , West Timothy , Di Lazzaro Vincenzo , Brown Peter
Published: November 2019

Brain oscillations involve rhythmic fluctuations of neuronal excitability and may play a crucial role in neural communication. The human corticomuscular system is characterized by beta activity and is readily probed by transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS). TMS inputs arriving at the excitable phase of beta oscillations in the motor cortex are known to lead to muscle responses of greater amplitude. Here we explore two other possible manifestations of rhythmic excitability in the beta band; windows of reduced response variability and shortened latency. We delivered single-pulse TMS to the motor cortex of healthy human volunteers (10 females and 7 males) during electroencephalography recordings made at rest. TMS delivered at a particular phase of the beta oscillation benefited from not only stronger, but also less variable and more rapid transmission, as evidenced by the greater amplitude, lower coefficient of variation, and shorter latency of motor evoked potentials. Thus, inputs aligned to the optimal phase of the beta EEG in the motor cortex enjoy transmission amplitude gain, but may also benefit from less variability and shortened latencies at subsequent synapses. Neuronal phase may therefore impact corticospinal communication.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTBrain oscillations involve rhythmic fluctuations of neuronal excitability. Therefore, motor responses to transcranial magnetic stimulation are larger when a cortical input arrives at a particular phase of the beta activity in the motor cortex. Here, we demonstrate that inputs to corticospinal neurons which coincide with windows of higher excitability also benefit from more rapid and less variable corticospinal transmission. This shortening of latency and increased reproducibility may confer additional advantage to inputs at specific phases. Moreover, these benefits are conserved despite appreciable corticospinal conduction delays.