bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effects of ownership patterns on cross-boundary wildfires
Authors: Barros Ana M. G. , Day Michelle A. , Spies Thomas A. , Ager Alan A.
Published: September 2021

Understanding ownership effects on large wildfires is a precursor to the development of risk governance strategies that better protect people and property and restore fire-adapted ecosystems. We analyzed wildfire events in the Pacific Northwest from 1984 to 2018 to explore how area burned responded to ownership, asking whether particular ownerships burned disproportionately more or less, and whether these patterns varied by forest and grass/shrub vegetation types. While many individual fires showed indifference to property lines, taken as a whole, we found patterns of disproportionate burning for both forest and grass/shrub fires. We found that forest fires avoided ownerships with a concentration of highly valued resources—burning less than expected in managed US Forest Service forested lands, private non-industrial, private industrial, and state lands—suggesting the enforcement of strong fire protection policies. US Forest Service wilderness was the only ownership classification that burned more than expected which may result from the management of natural ignitions for resource objectives, its remoteness or both. Results from this study are relevant to inform perspectives on land management among public and private entities, which may share boundaries but not fire management goals, and support effective cross-boundary collaboration and shared stewardship across all-lands.
Less-invasive fascia-preserving surgery for abdominal wall desmoid
Authors: Nishida Yoshihiro , Hamada Shunsuke , Sakai Tomohisa , Ito Kan , Ikuta Kunihiro , Urakawa Hiroshi , Koike Hiroshi , Imagama Shiro
Published: September 2021

The mainstay of treatment for desmoid has been shifted to active surveillance (AS). However, surgery is still being performed on abdominal wall desmoid with a wide surgical margin. The purposes of this study are to clarify the treatment results of less-invasive, fascia preserving surgery for patients with abdominal wall desmoid, and to propose a new treatment modality. Since 2009, 34 patients with abdominal desmoid have been treated in our institution. Among them, as a final treatment modality, 15 (44%) were successful with AS, 15 were subjected to less-invasive surgery, and 4 methotrexate and vinblastine treatment. The clinical results of less-invasive surgery were clarified. In the surgical group, although the surgical margin was all microscopic positive (R1), only one patient (6.7%), who has the S45F mutation type of CTNNB1, showed recurrence, at a mean follow-up of 45 months. There were no patients with familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP)-related desmoid in this cohort. Only two patients (13%) required fascia lata patch reconstruction after removal of the tumor. In patients with non FAP-related abdominal wall desmoid, less-invasive, fascia preserving surgery is recommended as a favorable option as active treatment. Based on the results of this study, multi-institutional further research is warranted with an increased number of patients.
Digital mapping of a manual fabrication method for paediatric ankle–foot orthoses
Authors: Wang Joyce Zhanzi , Lillia Jonathon , Farhan Muhannad , Bi Lei , Kim Jinman , Burns Joshua , Cheng Tegan L.
Published: September 2021

Ankle–foot orthoses (AFOs) are devices prescribed to improve mobility in people with neuromuscular disorders. Traditionally, AFOs are manually fabricated by an orthotist based on a plaster impression of the lower leg which is modified to correct for impairments. This study aimed to digitally analyse this manual modification process, an important first step in understanding the craftsmanship of AFO fabrication to inform the digital workflows (i.e. 3D scanning and 3D printing), as viable alternatives for AFO fabrication. Pre- and post-modified lower limb plaster casts of 50 children aged 1–18 years from a single orthotist were 3D scanned and registered. The Euclidean distance between the pre- and post-modified plaster casts was calculated, and relationships with participant characteristics (age, height, AFO type, and diagnosis) were analysed. Modification maps demonstrated that participant-specific modifications were combined with universally applied modifications on the cast's anterior and plantar surfaces. Positive differences (additions) ranged 2.12–3.81 mm, negative differences (subtractions) ranged 0.76–3.60 mm, with mean differences ranging from 1.37 to 3.12 mm. Height had a medium effect on plaster additions (rs = 0.35). We quantified the manual plaster modification process and demonstrated a reliable method to map and compare pre- and post-modified casts used to fabricate children's AFOs.
Serum microRNAs in osteoporotic fracture and osteoarthritis: a genetic and functional study
Authors: Pertusa Clara , Tarín Juan J. , Cano Antonio , García-Pérez Miguel Ángel , Mifsut Damián
Published: September 2021

The rising incidence of bone pathologies such as osteoporosis and osteoarthritis is negatively affecting the functional status of millions of patients worldwide. The genetic component of these multifactorial pathologies is far from being fully understood, but in recent years several epigenetic mechanisms involved in the pathophysiology of these bone diseases have been identified. The aim of the present study was to compare the serum expression of four miRNAs in women with hip fragility fracture (OF group), osteoarthritis requiring hip replacement (OA group) and control women (Ctrl group). Serum expression of miR-497-5p, miR-155-5p, miR-423-5p and miR-365-3p was determined in a sample of 23 OA women, 25 OF women and 52 Ctrl women. Data shown that women with bone pathologies have higher expression of miR-497 and miR-423 and lower expression of miR-155 and miR-365 than control subjects. Most importantly, miR-497 was identified as an excellent discriminator between OA group and control group (AUC: 0.89, p < 0.000) and acceptable in distinguishing from the OF group (AUC: 0.76, p = 0.002). Our data suggest that circulating miR-497 may represent a significant biomarker of OA, a promising finding that could contribute towards future early-stage diagnosis of this disease. Further studies are required to establish the role of miR-155, miR-423 and miR-365 in bone pathologies.
Long term surgical outcomes of unilateral recession-resection versus bilateral lateral rectus recession in basic-type intermittent exotropia in children
Authors: Kim Dong Hyun , Yang Hee Kyung , Hwang Jeong-Min
Published: September 2021

The long-term results of surgical treatment of intermittent exotropia (X(T)) according to the type of surgery are controversial. We conducted a retrospective cohort study to compare the long-term results between unilateral recession-resection (RR) and bilateral lateral rectus recession (BLR) with an average follow-up of 9.5 years in children with basic-type X(T). Patients with basic-type X(T), who underwent RR (RR group) or BLR (BLR group) and were followed-up for more than 5 years postoperatively, were analyzed. Of the 560 patients, 363 patients received BLR and 197 patients underwent RR. There was no significant difference in the success rates between the two groups until postoperative 3 years. At an average of 9.5 ± 2.6 years after surgery, the success rate of the RR group was significantly higher than that of the BLR group starting from the fourth post-operative year until the last follow-up examination (64.5% vs 43.3%, P < 0.001). By multivariate analysis, preoperative hyperopia of more than + 2.00 diopters, younger age of onset, younger age at surgery, larger exodeviation at near than at distance of > 5 prism diopters, and the type of surgery (BLR) were risk factors of recurrence. In conclusion, RR was more successful than BLR with a lower recurrence rate in the long-term follow-up of patients with basic-type X(T).
Monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance is associated with prostate cancer in a population-based cohort study
Authors: Hornung Nicola , Frank Mirjam , Dragano Nico , Dürig Jan , Dührsen Ulrich , Moebus Susanne , Erbel Raimund , Stang Andreas , Jöckel Karl-Heinz , Schmidt Börge
Published: September 2021

Register-based studies indicate a possible association of monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS) and prostate cancer (PCa). Aim of the present study was to investigate the relationship between MGUS and PCa considering potentially shared risk factors. Data from the prospective population-based Heinz Nixdorf Recall cohort study of 2.385 men (age 45–85) were analyzed. MGUS was determined at three points in time; cases of cancer were assessed annually. Potentially shared risk factors were assessed at baseline. Hazard ratios (HR), adjusted for age and educational attainment, and corresponding 95%-confidence intervals (95%-CI) were calculated. 157 cases of MGUS and 143 incident cases of PCa were detected. Of 19 participants diagnosed with both, MGUS and incident PCa, only in one case MGUS did not clearly occur before PCa. MGUS was associated with PCa presenting a HR of 2.00 (95%-CI: 1.23–3.25). Stratified by isotype, IgM-MGUS showed the strongest association with PCa. There was no relevant change of the effect estimate when adjusting for potentially shared risk factors. We were able to give supporting evidence for an association between MGUS and PCa and pointed out its temporality. There was no indication that the observed association is due to shared risk factors. The present study indicated that different isotypes of MGUS differ in the strength of the effect on PCa-risk. Based on these findings, future studies investigating the pathophysiological background of the association will be needed.
Differential regulation of mammalian and avian ATOH1 by E2F1 and its implication for hair cell regeneration in the inner ear
Authors: Gómez-Dorado Miriam , Daudet Nicolas , Gale Jonathan E. , Dawson Sally J.
Published: September 2021

The mammalian inner ear has a limited capacity to regenerate its mechanosensory hair cells. This lack of regenerative capacity underlies the high incidence of age-related hearing loss in humans. In contrast, non-mammalian vertebrates can form new hair cells when damage occurs, a mechanism that depends on re-activation of expression of the pro-hair cell transcription factorAtoh1. Here, we show that members of the E2F transcription factor family, known to play a key role in cell cycle progression, regulate the expression ofAtoh1. E2F1 activates chickenAtoh1by directly interacting with a cis-regulatory region distal to the avianAtoh1gene. E2F does not activate mouseAtoh1gene expression, since this regulatory element is absent in mammals. We also show that E2F1 expression changes dynamically in the chicken auditory epithelium during ototoxic damage and hair cell regeneration. Therefore, we propose a model in which the mitotic regeneration of non-mammalian hair cells is due to E2F1-mediated activation ofAtoh1expression, a mechanism which has been lost in mammals.
Incremental value of early systolic lengthening and postsystolic shortening in detecting left anterior descending artery stenosis using nonstress speckle-tracking echocardiography
Authors: Ishigaki Takako , Asanuma Toshihiko , Yagi Noriaki , Izumi Hiromi , Shimizu Shoko , Fujisawa Yoshihisa , Ikemoto Toshiyuki , Kushima Ryoji , Masuda Kasumi , Nakatani Satoshi
Published: September 2021

The diagnosis of coronary artery disease (CAD) with nonstress echocardiography remains challenging. Although the assessment of either early systolic lengthening (ESL) or postsystolic shortening (PSS) allows the sensitive detection of CAD, it is unclear whether the integrated analysis of ESL and PSS in addition to the peak systolic strain can improve the diagnostic accuracy. We investigated the incremental value of ESL and PSS in detecting left anterior descending artery (LAD) stenosis using nonstress speckle-tracking echocardiography. Fifty-nine patients with significant LAD stenosis but without visual wall motion abnormalities on echocardiography at rest (30 single-vessel stenosis, 29 multivessel stenosis) and 43 patients without significant stenosis of any vessel were enrolled. The peak systolic strain, the time to ESL (TESL), and the time to PSS (TPSS) were analyzed in all LAD segments, and the incremental values of the TESL and TPSS in detecting LAD stenosis and the diagnostic accuracy were evaluated. In the apical anterior segment, the peak systolic strain was significantly lower and TESL and TPSS were significantly longer in the single-vessel group than in the no stenosis group. In the single-vessel group, the addition of TESL and TPSS to the peak systolic strain significantly increased the model power in detecting stenosis, and the integrated analysis improved diagnostic accuracy compared with the peak systolic strain alone. In contrast, this incremental value was not demonstrated in the multivessel group. The integrated analysis of the peak systolic strain, ESL, and PSS may allow better screening of single-vessel LAD stenosis using nonstress speckle-tracking echocardiography.
Cerebral hemodynamics during neonatal transition according to mode of delivery
Authors: Morimoto Aya , Nakamura Shinji , Sugino Masashiro , Koyano Kosuke , Fuke Noriko , Arioka Makoto , Nakao Yasuhiro , Mizuo Ami , Matsubara Mari , Noguchi Yuta , Nishioka Katsufumi , Yokota Takayuki , Kato Ikuko , Konishi Yukihiko , Kondo Sonoko , Kunikata Jun , Iwase Takashi , Yasuda Saneyuki , Kusaka Takashi
Published: September 2021

Cerebral haemodynamics during the immediate transition period in neonates may differ depending on whether delivery is vaginal or by caesarean section. However, these differences have never been confirmed by near-infrared time-resolved spectroscopy (TRS). Therefore, the purpose of this study was to compare cerebral blood volume (CBV) and cerebral haemoglobin oxygen saturation (ScO2) between healthy term neonates by mode of delivery. Subjects were 31 healthy term neonates who did not require resuscitation. Thirteen neonates were delivered vaginally (VD group) and 18 were delivered by elective caesarean section (CS group). Absolute oxyhaemoglobin, deoxyhaemoglobin, and total haemoglobin concentrations were measured continuously by TRS; oxyHb × 100/totalHb (ScO2) (%) and CBV (mL/100 g brain tissue) were also calculated. Measurements were started as soon as possible after birth, obtained from 1 to 2 min after birth, and continued until 15 min after birth. CBV was significantly higher in the VD group than in the CS group in the 4 min after birth but not thereafter. There were no significant between-group differences in ScO2 and SpO2. These findings indicate that there is a difference in cerebral haemodynamic patterns in the first 4 min after delivery between term neonates by mode of delivery when CBV is monitored by TRS.
Fluorescent visualization of oil displacement in a microfluidic device for enhanced oil recovery applications
Authors: Bajgiran Khashayar R. , Hymel Hannah C. , Sombolestani Shayan , Dante Nathalie , Safa Nora , Dorman James A. , Rao Dandina , Melvin Adam T.
Published: September 2021

The developed platform offers a simple fluorescent visualization technique to specifically identify the oil and water phases without altering their surface properties which improves on the achievable resolution in EOR applications.
Development and validation of a high-performance liquid chromatography method for levothyroxine sodium quantification in plasma for pre-clinical evaluation of long-acting drug delivery systems
Authors: Permana Andi Dian , Stewart Sarah A. , Domínguez-Robles Juan , Amir Muh. Nur , Bahar Muh. Akbar , Donnelly Ryan F. , Larraneta Eneko
Published: September 2021

New HPLC method to quantify levothyroxine in plasma samples was developed as per ICH and FDA, and was successfully applied in the determination of pharmacokinetic profiles after the administration of long-acting delivery systems in rats.
Fabrication of a pH-responsive core–shell nanosystem with a low-temperature photothermal therapy effect for treating bacterial biofilm infection
Authors: Peng Dan , Liu Genhua , He Ye , Gao Pengfei , Gou Shuangquan , Wu Jing , Yu Jinxiu , Liu Peng , Cai Kaiyong
Published: September 2021

A MPDA@ZIF-8/PES nanoplatform is successfully fabricated, and is shown to be a promising low-temperature PTT strategy to effectively remove bacterial biofilms.
5-Aryloxy substitution enables efficient mechanically triggered release from a synthetically accessible masked 2-furylcarbinol mechanophore
Authors: Zeng Tian , Hu Xiaoran , Robb Maxwell J.
Published: September 2021

Aryloxy substitution establishes an accessible mechanophore platform for mechanically triggered molecular cargo release.
Dynamic behavior of macrocycle-based organic frameworks in single-crystal to single-crystal guest exchanges
Authors: Tominaga Masahide , Shinkawa Shoyo , Hyodo Tadashi , Yamaguchi Kentaro
Published: September 2021

An adamantane-based macrocycle afforded three inclusion crystals with diverse 1D channels. Single-crystal to single-crystal guest exchanges occurred for two crystals, where their frameworks displayed distinctive structural transformations.
Impact of the solvent composition on the structural and mechanical properties of customizable electrospun poly(vinylpyrrolidone) fiber mats
Authors: Narváez-Muñoz Christian , Diaz-Suntaxi Diego Fernando , Carrión-Matamoros Luis M. , Guerrero Víctor H. , Almeida-Naranjo Cristina E. , Morales-Flórez Víctor , Debut Alexis , Vizuete Karla , Mowbray Duncan John , Zamora-Ledezma Camilo
Published: September 2021

Explaining the chemical mechanism of customized electrospun PVP fiber fabrication when varying the polymer content and solvent's EtOH : DMF ratioviaa combination of DFT calculations and SEM, DSC, FTIR, rheology, and tensile measurements.
Spin-Seebeck effect and thermoelectric properties of one-dimensional graphene-like nanoribbons periodically embedded with four- and eight-membered rings
Authors: Xiong Lun , Gong Bin , Peng Ziyu , Yu Ziyang
Published: September 2021

Spin caloritronic devices constructed on hydrogen-terminated sawtooth graphene-like nanoribbons embedded periodically with four- and eight-membered rings are proposed to exhibit a well-defined spin-Seebeck effect.
In situ illumination with inelastic neutron scattering: a study of the photochromic material cis-1,2-dicyano-1,2-bis(2,4,5-trimethyl-3-thienyl)ethene (CMTE)
Authors: Cavaye Hamish , Schastny Maksim
Published: September 2021

In situ illumination with inelastic neutron scattering has been developed to study the vibrational properties of photochromic materials in situ.
Correction: Synergy of light and acid–base reaction in energy conversion based on cellulose nanofiber intercalated titanium carbide composite nanofluidics
Authors: Liu Pei , Zhou Teng , Yang Linsen , Zhu Congcong , Teng Yunfei , Kong Xiang-Yu , Wen Liping
Published: September 2021

Correction for ‘Synergy of light and acid–base reaction in energy conversion based on cellulose nanofiber intercalated titanium carbide composite nanofluidics’ by Pei Liu et al., Energy Environ. Sci., 2021, 14, 4400–4409, DOI: 10.1039/D1EE90054D.
Synthesis of push–pull triarylamine dyes containing 5,6-difluoro-2,1,3-benzothiadiazole units by direct arylation and their evaluation as active material for organic photovoltaics
Authors: Ghanem Tatiana , Vincendeau Tony , Marqués Pablo Simón , Habibi Amir Hossein , Abidi Sana , Yassin Ali , Dabos-Seignon Sylvie , Roncali Jean , Blanchard Philippe , Cabanetos Clément
Published: September 2021

Direct (hetero)-arylation was used to prepare two push–pull molecules. Optimization of the experimental coupling conditions and their preliminary evaluation as active materials in simple air-processed organic solar cells are reported herein.
Fabrication of flower-like bismuth vanadate hierarchical spheres for an improved supercapacitor efficiency
Authors: Balachandran Subramanian , Karthikeyan Rajan , Jothi Kumaravel Jeeva , Manimuthu Veerappan , Prakash Natarajan , Chen Zheming , Liang Tongxiang , Hu Chengzhi , Wang Feng , Yang Mingshu
Published: September 2021

A cost-effective, simple method is developed for m-BiVO4 hierarchical spheres, which show a higher specific capacitance of 1203 F g−1 at 2 A g−1, no detectable degradation after 2000 cycles, and beneficial cycling stability due to the unique porous hierarchical architecture.
Antioxidant product analysis ofHulu Tea(Tadehagi triquetrum)
Authors: Zhang Wenhui , Li Xican , Hua Yujie , Li Zhen , Chen Ban , Liu Aijun , Lu Wenbiao , Zhao Xiaojun , Diao Yuanming , Chen Dongfeng
Published: September 2021

Phytophenols fromHulu Teacan produce not only homodimers but also a heterodimer through the antioxidant activity.
Synthesis and properties of [PCP] pincer silylene cobalt(i) complexes
Authors: Li Yonghui , Fan Qingqing , Yang Haiquan , Xie Shangqing , Huang Wei , Li Xiaoyan , Sun Hongjian , Fuhr Olaf , Fenske Dieter
Published: September 2021

[PCP] pincer silylene cobalt(i) complexes were prepared and one of their derivatives is the catalyst for hydrosilylation of alkenes.
Fabrication of g-C3N4/Y-TiO2Z-scheme heterojunction photocatalysts for enhanced photocatalytic activity
Authors: Pak SongSik , Ri KwangChol , Xu Chenmin , Ji Qiuyi , Sun Dunyu , Qi Chengdu , Yang Shaogui , He Huan , Pak MyongNam
Published: September 2021

The g-C3N4/Y-TiO2Z-scheme heterojunction photocatalysts for enhanced photocatalytic activity that use yttrium instead of noble metals was successfully manufactured.
Chemical ligation of an entire DNA origami nanostructure
Authors: Weizenmann Nicole , Scheidgen-Kleyboldt Gerda , Ye Jingjing , Krause Cordula B. , Kauert Dominik , Helmi Seham , Rouillon Christophe , Seidel Ralf
Published: September 2021

We employ EDC-catalyzed chemical ligation of all staple breaks of a DNA origami nanostructure providing high ligation yields and increased temperature stability by 10 K.
Synthesis, structure and properties of copolymers of syndiotactic polypropylene with 1-hexene and 1-octene
Authors: Scoti Miriam , Di Girolamo Rocco , De Stefano Fabio , Giordano Angelo , Malafronte Anna , Talarico Giovanni , Cipullo Roberta , De Rosa Claudio
Published: September 2021

Incorporation of long branches, such as 1-hexene or 1-octene, in syndiotactic polypropylene gives novel elastomeric materials, whose crystallization behavior and elastic properties can be easily tailored through tuning of the branches concentration.
Hybrid compound based on diethylenetriaminecopper(ii) cations and scarce V-monosubstituted β-octamolybdate as water oxidation catalyst
Authors: Buvailo Halyna I. , Makhankova Valeriya G. , Kokozay Vladimir N. , Omelchenko Iryna V. , Shishkina Svitlana V. , Bieńko Alina , Pavliuk Mariia V. , Shylin Sergii I.
Published: September 2021

A new hybrid compound (NH4){[Cu(dien)(H2O)2]2[β-VMo7O26]}·1.5H2O was employed in homogeneous water oxidation catalysis. At pH 8.0, its efficiency attains 0.19 turnovers per second, supported by the relatively mild water oxidation overpotential of 0.54 V.
Sample preparation considerations for surface and crystalline properties and ecotoxicity of bare and silica-coated magnetite nanoparticles
Authors: Bondarenko Lyubov , Terekhova Vera , Kahru Anne , Dzhardimalieva Gulzhian , Kelbysheva Elena , Tropskaya Natalya , Kydralieva Kamila
Published: September 2021

The charge and surface reactivity of magnetite nanoparticles can be affected by the different separation methods leading to their toxicity changes.
Scholl reaction as a powerful tool for the synthesis of nanographenes: a systematic review
Authors: Jassas Rabab S. , Mughal Ehsan Ullah , Sadiq Amina , Alsantali Reem I. , Al-Rooqi Munirah M. , Naeem Nafeesa , Moussa Ziad , Ahmed Saleh A.
Published: September 2021

Nanographenes have been attracting increasing attention owing to their widespread applications in organic electronics. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons are popular research subjects due to their high stability, planar structure and optical spectra.
Leucomethylene blue probe detects a broad spectrum of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species
Authors: Cremer Christopher , Merkes Jean Michél , Bub Christina L. , Rommel Dirk , Patureau Frederic W. , Banala Srinivas
Published: September 2021

A broad spectrum ROS/RNS sensing butylated phenol tethered leucomethylene blue is presented. This probe detects a variety of ROS/RNS, with up to 100-fold gain in fluorescence in the red range, is suitable for microscopic and macroscopicin vivofluorescence imaging.
Dynamic supramolecular self-assembly of platinum(ii) complexes perturbs an autophagy–lysosomal system and triggers cancer cell death
Authors: Tong Ka-Chung , Wan Pui-Ki , Lok Chun-Nam , Che Chi-Ming
Published: September 2021

Self-assembly of platinum(ii) glycosylated arylacetylide gave transformable superstructures upon enzymatic action in cellulo, leading to perturbation of an autophagy-lysosomal system and cancer cell death.
Se-modified gold nanorods for enhancing the efficiency of photothermal therapy: avoiding the off-target problem induced by biothiols
Authors: Hu Bo , Zhao Zengteng , Gao Xiaonan , Song Xiaoxiao , Xu Zihao , Xu Kehua , Tang Bo
Published: September 2021

We developed a Se-modified nanoprobe (Casp-RGD-Se-AuNRs) for the high-fidelity monitoring of Caspase-9 activities and improving the targeting efficacy, avoiding interference by biothiols for increased blood-circulation times.
Less is more: on the effect of benzannulation on the solid-state emission of difluoroborates
Authors: Knysh Iryna , Kozakiewicz-Piekarz Anna , Wojtczak Andrzej , Plażuk Damian , Baryshnikov Glib , Valiev Rashid , Nasibullin Rinat , Ågren Hans , Jacquemin Denis , Ośmiałowski Borys , Zaleśny Robert
Published: September 2021

We investigate the emission properties of four organic dyes containing a strong electron-donating N(CH3)2 group and an NBF2O-bearing heterocyclic moiety acting as the electron-accepting group.
Broadband terahertz resonant tunnelling diode transmitter integrated with coplanar‐waveguide‐fed slot‐ring antenna
Authors: Iwamatsu Shuya , Nishigami Naoki , Nishida Yosuke , Fujita Masayuki , Nagatsuma Tadao
Published: September 2021

Resonant tunnelling diode (RTD) oscillators used for high‐speed terahertz wireless communication systems have garnered significant attention in recent years. In these systems, RTD devices are directly on‐off modulated through baseband (BB) circuits, which limit the data rate. This letter investigates an efficient approach to increase the bandwidth of the BB circuits, by addressing the broadband connection between the two‐RTD oscillator chip and the radiofrequency circuit board. As a result, an error‐free wireless communication has been achieved with a data rate of 25 Gbit/s in the 300‐GHz band using the RTD transmitter and receiver.
Prevention and predictive nursing activity of Cu(II) coordination polymer on hypothermia during laparoscopic cholecystectomy operation
Authors: Cheng Ben‐Jing , Wen Fang , Xiang Jin‐Jian , Li Sha , Zhou Fang‐Yu
Published: September 2021

In this study, through employing the mixed‐ligand synthesis method, a novel coordination polymer (CP) containing Cu(II) has been synthesized in success with the reaction of 4‐bmbpd and Cu(NO3)2·3H2O  in the presence of auxiliary polycarboxylate ligand 1,3,5‐H3BTC under hydrothermal conditions, and the chemical formula of this compound is [Cu(4‐bmbpd)(1,3,5‐HBTC)]·2H2O (1) (1,3,5‐H3BTC is 1,3,5‐benzenetricarboxylic acid and 4‐bmbpd is N,N′‐bis(4‐methylenepyridin‐4‐yl)‐1,4‐benzenedicarboxamide). The assessment of its prevention and predictive nursing activity on the hypothermia during laparoscopic cholecystectomy operation was conducted and the corresponding mechanism was studied simultaneously. The molecular docking simulation helps for identifying that the carboxylate group and the amide group form multiple H‐bonds with respect to the active sites within the docking pocket of the target protein.
Wie wählen chirurgische Patienten ihr Krankenhaus? Eine Querschnittstudie // How do surgical patients choose their hospital? A cross-sectional study
Authors: de Cruppé Werner , Kummer Marie-Charlotte , Geraedts Max
Published: September 2021

Hintergrund Die freie Krankenhauswahl wird gesundheitspolitisch durch die öffentliche Qualitätsberichterstattung gefördert. Bisherige Studien zur Krankenhauswahl befragen zumeist
Patienten zu spezifischen elektiven Eingriffen. Die vorliegende Studie untersucht alle vollstationären chirurgischen Patienten und vergleicht sie mit denen der anderen Fachgebiete.
Fragestellungen sind: Wie viele Patienten entscheiden selber über das Krankenhaus? Wie viel Zeit steht ihnen vor Aufnahme zur Verfügung? Wo informieren sie sich und was sind ihre wichtigen
Entscheidungskriterien?

Material und Methoden Die vorliegende Untersuchung wertet querschnittlich per Fragebogen erhobene Primärdaten zur Krankenhauswahl von 1925 konsekutiv vollstationär aufgenommenen
Patienten aus 11 medizinischen Fachgebieten und 3 Versorgungsstufen aus, darunter 438 chirurgische Patienten aus 6 allgemeinchirurgischen Fachabteilungen.

Ergebnisse Drei Viertel der chirurgischen Patienten entscheiden selber über das Krankenhaus. Die eigene Vorerfahrung mit dem Krankenhaus ist für gut die Hälfte der Patienten wichtige
Informationsquelle und Entscheidungskriterium, daneben Angehörige und die ambulanten Behandler sowie der Ruf des Krankenhauses.

Schlussfolgerung Viele Patienten der Chirurgie entscheiden sich für ein Krankenhaus aufgrund des gewachsenen Vertrauens durch eine als zufrieden erlebte vorherige Behandlung in dem
Krankenhaus. Die professionelle Behandlungsqualität ist damit der größte Wirkfaktor beim Patienten, dessen Angehörigen und den ambulanten Behandlern. Bedenkenswert ist ein aktives und
gezieltes Ansprechen und Klären möglicher Unzufriedenheit auf Patientenseite vor der Entlassung.
Auswirkungen der Regressgefahr auf die Tätigkeit von
Hausärzt*innen und Orthopäd*innen –
Bundesweite Befragung
Authors: Ribbat Leon , Linde Klaus , Schneider Antonius , Riedl Bernhard
Published: September 2021

Hintergrund Die vorliegende Studie untersucht die Beeinflussung der
Tätigkeit von Hausärzt*innen und
Orthopäd*innen durch die empfundene Regressgefahr und das
Ausmaß eigener Regresserfahrungen.

Methoden Einer bundesweiten Zufallsstichprobe von 1000
Hausärzt*innen und 1000 Orthopäd*innen wurde ein
4-seitiger Fragebogen mit Fragen zu Auswirkungen und Konsequenzen drohender
Regressgefahr bzw. tatsächlich erlebter Regresse zugesandt.

Ergebnisse Die Rücklaufquote betrug 41% bei den
Hausärzt*innen und 39% bei den
Orthopäd*innen. 47% der teilnehmenden
Hausärzt*innen und 55% der
Orthopäd*innen gaben an, dass sie die Regressgefahr im
Praxisalltag stark oder sehr stark beschäftige, 37 bzw. 47%,
dass ihr ärztliches Handeln dadurch stark bzw. sehr stark beeinflusst
werde. 51 bzw. 25% berichteten zumindest gelegentlich trotz gegebener
Indikation einer Verordnung von Arznei- oder Heilmitteln zu einem (anderen)
Spezialisten zu überweisen. 72% der teilnehmenden
Hausärzt*innen und 59% der
Orthopäd*innen wurden mindestens einmal in Regress genommen, 36
bzw. 19% bereits häufiger als dreimal. 18 bzw. 26% haben
ein Regressverfahren über mehr als 5000 € erlebt. Die emotionale
Belastung durch den schlimmsten Regress wurde von 72 bzw. 78% der
Betroffenen als stark oder sehr stark empfunden.

Schlussfolgerung Regressgefahr und Regresse wirken sich mitunter stark auf
die Tätigkeit von niedergelassenen Hausärzt*innen und
Orthopäd*innen aus. Regresse werden oft emotional belastend
empfunden und teilweise als niederlassungshemmend gesehen.
Thermal Laser Monotherapy for Extrafoveal Polypoidal Choroidal Vasculopathy
Authors: Radeck Viola Maria Margarete , Helbig Horst , Valmaggia Christophe , Barthelmes Daniel
Published: September 2021

Introduction Polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy (PCV) is a vascular disease of the choroid. Diagnosis is mainly based on polypoidal aneurysm-like lesions seen in indocyanine green (ICG) angiography. Various therapeutic options have been proposed.

Methods Outcomes of 10 cases with extrafoveal PCV and consecutive macular edema treated with thermal laser are reported. Diagnosis of PCV was confirmed by ICG angiography.

Results Upon successful occlusion of the polyps in 10 eyes after thermal laser treatment demonstrated in ICG angiography, a regression of central foveal edema was seen in optical coherence tomography and color fundus photography. Visual acuity improved from logMAR 0.8 to logMAR 0.3. Follow-up ranged from 4 months to 15 years, with a median of 1 year. Two eyes had a recurrence of exudative maculopathy 5 and 7 years after laser treatment, respectively.

Conclusion A careful differentiation between various subforms of exudative maculopathy using fluorescein and ICG angiography can identify certain selected patients with extrafoveal PCV, for whom thermal laser monotherapy can be a therapeutic option.
The Rise of Manganese-Catalyzed Reduction Reactions
Authors: Werlé Christophe , Schlichter Peter
Published: September 2021

Recent developments in manganese-catalyzed reducing transformations—hydrosilylation, hydroboration, hydrogenation, and transfer hydrogenation—are reviewed herein. Over the past half a decade (i.e., 2016 to the present), more than 115 research publications have been reported in these fields. Novel organometallic compounds and new reduction transformations have been discovered and further developed. Significant challenges that had historically acted as barriers for the use of manganese catalysts in reduction reactions are slowly being broken down. This review will hopefully assist in developing this research area, by presenting a clear and concise overview of the catalyst structures and substrate transformations published so far.

1 Introduction

2 Hydrosilylation

3 Hydroboration

4 Hydrogenation

5 Transfer Hydrogenation

6 Conclusion and Perspective
Diastereoselective Pd-Catalyzed Decarboxylative Allylation To Construct Quaternary Stereocenters Using Sulfinimine as the ­Directing Group
Authors: Yang Guang , Luo Yunhao , Qin Shuanglin , Cao Sheng , Li Chen , Wang Xuan , Huang Yilei
Published: September 2021

A robust Pd(0)-catalyzed decarboxylation alkylation has been developed to construct quaternary stereocenters through the use of chiral tert-butanesulfinamide as the directing group. This strategy provides a simple and efficient route to the construction of quaternary chiral centers at the α-position of chiral sulfinamides, with high diastereoselectivities and high yields.
Dearomative syn-1,2-Diamination of Benzene and Naphthalene
Authors: Sarlah David , Davis Christopher W. , Bingham Tanner W. , Okumura Mikiko
Published: September 2021

We report the palladium-catalyzed, dearomative syn-1,2-diamination of the non-activated arenes benzene and naphthalene using aryl isocyanates. This reaction proceeds with exclusive syn-1,2-selectivity and provides a complementary regio- and stereoselectivity to previously described arenophile-based transformations. The products are amenable to further synthetic elaboration, including selective diene functionalization and heterocycle cleavage. Overall, this dearomatization provides synthetic access to unprecedented saturated nitrogen-containing heterocyclic motifs and syn-1,2-diaminated cyclohexane products.
Phenomenological description of spin dynamics in antiferromagnets: Short history and modern development
Authors: Galkina E. G. , Ivanov B. A.
Published: September 2021

A brief review of alternative phenomenological approaches to the spin dynamics of antiferromagnets are discussed in virtue of modern interest to ultrafast spin dynamics and it application. Specific properties of antiferromagnets, first of all, the possibility of spin dynamics faster then for ferromagnets are described. Novel types of solitons for anisotropic antiferromagnets are discussed.
General formula of chiral anomaly for type-I and type-II Weyl semimetals
Authors: Morishima K. , Kondo K.
Published: September 2021

Weyl semimetals (WSMs) are classified into type-I and type-II, depending on the magnitudes of the inclination of Weyl cones. It is known that these WSMs show negative longitudinal magnetoresistance originating from chiral anomaly. Moreover, we have recently revealed that type-II WSMs show positive longitudinal magnetoresistance originating from chiral anomaly. The negative longitudinal magnetoresistance in type-I WSMs can be explained utilizing the conventional formula of the chiral anomaly, which does not have the term related to the inclination of the Weyl cones. However, we cannot explain both the positive and the negative longitudinal magnetoresistance in type-II WSMs utilizing it. Therefore, in this paper, we derive the general formula including the term related to the inclination of the Weyl cones in order to explain straightforwardly the positive and the negative longitudinal magnetoresistance in type-II WSMs. Also, we consider both cases where a pair of the Weyl cones are tilted in the same direction (positive tilt chirality) and toward (or against) each other (negative tilt chirality) in order to investigate the influence of the direction to which the Weyl cones are tilted. As a result, we find that in the negative tilt chirality, the general formula is strongly affected by the inclination. These results suggest that we can estimate whether the WSMs show the positive or the negative longitudinal magnetoresistance using the general formula from the information of their tilt chirality and the magnitudes of the inclination of the Weyl cones.
On the minimum thickness of doped electron/hole transport layers in organic semiconductor devices
Authors: Oussalah D. , Clerc R. , Baylet J. , Paquet R. , Sésé C. , Laugier C. , Racine B. , Vaillant J.
Published: September 2021

Doped hole (respectively electron) transport layers [HTLs (respectively ETLs)] are commonly used in evaporated organic devices to achieve high work function hole contact (respectively low work function electron contact) in organic LEDs to inject large current, in solar cells to increase the open circuit voltage, and in photodetectors to minimize the dark current. However, optimization of the HTL thickness results from a delicate trade-off. Indeed, on the one hand, to minimize the impact of HTLs on light propagation and series resistance effects, it is commonly admitted that HTLs must be kept as thin as possible. In this work, a model, validated by drift and diffusion simulations, has shown that, depending of the doping level, a minimum thickness between 10 and 20 nm was needed to prevent the transport layer work function from degradation due to field effects. Experiments have been performed on template p-only devices featuring a single HTL of various thicknesses and doping, confirming the validity of the model. Finally, simulations have been performed on a p-i-n device featuring both HTL and ETL. These results constitute precious indications for the design of efficient evaporated organic LEDs, solar cells, or photodetectors.
Two-photon photocurrent spectra of InAs quantum dot-in-well intermediated-band solar cells at room temperature
Authors: Zhu Yaxing , Asahi Shigeo , Miyashita Naoya , Okada Yoshitaka , Kita Takashi
Published: September 2021

The generation of two-photon photocurrent plays an essential role in realizing intermediate-band solar cells (IBSCs) with high conversion efficiencies. This current generation process strongly depends on the photocarrier dynamics in the intermediate levels, which can sometimes give rise to a deficient output current unexpectedly. In this work, we investigated the two-photon photocurrent generation process in InAs quantum dot (QD)-in-well intermediate-band solar cells. The two-photon photocurrent is generated by an interband transition in the structure (for example, in the well or the QD) and a subsequent intraband transition in the QD, and we used two different light sources to separately control these transitions. We found that, in the case of QD interband excitation in a sample with multiple wells, the carrier collection efficiency does not simply increase with the intraband excitation intensity; in the range from about 0.08 to 0.5 W/cm2, the collection efficiency decreases with increasing intraband excitation density. A comparison between samples with different numbers of wells revealed that the repetition of carrier trapping and detrapping during the transport in a multi-well structure can effectively modulate the recombination rate. This modulation induces a reduction of the current yield under certain illumination conditions. We propose a model to explain this phenomenon and verify it by investigating the bias dependence of the two-photon photocurrent from the QD.
Wake dynamics and pollutant dispersion behind a light-duty lorry
Authors: Wang Fei , Liu Chun-Ho , Xie Jingwei
Published: September 2021

We report a large-eddy simulation of the turbulent pollutant dispersion in the near wake behind a real, light-duty lorry. The time-averaged mean wake and dominant global flow instabilities are compared with the results of simplified square-back vehicle models in the literature, showing good agreement. In addition to the ring-shape mean wake topology, by proper orthogonal decomposition (POD), the near-wake flow instabilities observed in this study include the primary flow instabilities in the vertical and horizontal directions with a (dimensionless) characteristic frequency of 0.13–0.14 and 0.19–0.20, respectively, and the pumping motion at 0.07–0.08. Furthermore, the vertical flow instability shows its maximum impact on the wake flow above the separation point while pumping activity works significantly below. The coherence analysis demonstrates the strong modulation behavior via symmetry preserving dynamics. In addition, the near-ground, lower vortex system evolves spirally and in-phase with a dimensionless characteristic frequency centered at 0.6. The extended POD is employed to build up a two-way velocity-concentration analysis framework with the temporal correlation as the link. The spatial concentration patterns associated with those energetic large-scale motions as well as corresponding extreme events are revealed and reconstructed as a typical example.
Deposition control of model glasses with surface-mediated orientational order
Authors: Whitelam Stephen , Harrowell Peter
Published: September 2021

We introduce a minimal model of solid-forming anisotropic molecules that displays, in thermal equilibrium, surface orientational order without bulk orientational order. The model reproduces the nonequilibrium behavior of recent experiments in which a bulk nonequilibrium structure grown by deposition contains regions of orientational order characteristic of the surface equilibrium. This order is deposited, in general, in a nonuniform way because of the emergence of a growth-poisoning mechanism that causes equilibrated surfaces to grow slower than non-equilibrated surfaces. We use evolutionary methods to design oscillatory protocols able to grow nonequilibrium structures with uniform order, demonstrating the potential of protocol design for the fabrication of this class of materials.
Dual-band plasmon-enhanced and bias-dependent responsivity in a flask-shaped Ge nanowire photodetector with Au grating
Authors: Zhang Yichi , Wang Bo , Wang Liming , Shao Jifang , Yang Maolong , Sun Hao , Zhang Ningning , Jiang Zuimin , Hu Huiyong
Published: September 2021

Special flask-shaped Au grating-Ge nanowire arrays are used to improve the performance of a Ge photodetector in the infrared optical communication band. The responsivity of the device with alternate Au grating-Ge nanowire arrays reaches as high as 0.75 and 0.62 A/W at 1310 and 1550 nm, respectively, indicating a nearly 100% increment compared to a device without a grating structure. This enhancement is attributed to the excitation of the surface plasmon polaritons, which simultaneously enhance the inter-band transition absorption and the internal photoemission of carriers. Moreover, the photoresponsivity of the dual-band plasmon-enhanced device is remarkably asymmetrical with regard to the voltage polarity, and the asymmetric ratios are about 4:1 and 3:1 at 1310 and 1550 nm, respectively. Band energy theory indicates that this bias-dependent responsivity originates from the asymmetrical distribution of hot electrons between the two electrodes and the mobility difference between electrons and holes in Ge. These results provide a valuable guideline for achieving a high performance dual-band near infrared photodetector, and the results demonstrate the potential of this approach for developing next-generation optoelectronic devices.
Nonlinear nanophotonics based on surface plasmon polaritons
Authors: Shi Junjun , Guo Quanbing , Shi Zhifeng , Zhang Shunping , Xu Hongxing
Published: September 2021

Surface plasmon polaritons (SPPs), elementary excitation of the hybrid states between collective motion of electrons and photons, are associated with strong local field enhancement and deep subwavelength mode confinement. The use of SPPs in nonlinear optics can amplify intrinsically weak nonlinear processes and shrink down the size of nonlinear optic devices to a nanometer scale. In this Perspective, we review the nonlinear optic processes using SPPs in the plasmonic waveguides and foresee their potential in developing compact nonlinear integrated circuits. We discuss the key factors to enhance the conversion efficiency from the plasmonic waveguide, including the spatial overlap between the interacting modes and the nonlinear materials, and the momentum conservation that allows the coherent constructive superposition. Strategies toward this goal include shrinking the effective mode area through adjusting the geometry of the plasmonic waveguide, proper incorporation of the nonlinear susceptibilities to the plasmonic near field, and the use of counter-propagating configurations or phase compensation techniques. We also forecast the future developments of nonlinear plasmonics based on propagating SPPs in active nonlinear devices.
The relevance of electronic perturbations in the warm dense electron gas
Authors: Moldabekov Zhandos , Dornheim Tobias , Böhme Maximilian , Vorberger Jan , Cangi Attila
Published: September 2021

Warm dense matter (WDM) has emerged as one of the frontiers of both experimental physics and theoretical physics and is a challenging traditional concept of plasma, atomic, and condensed-matter physics. While it has become common practice to model correlated electrons in WDM within the framework of Kohn–Sham density functional theory, quantitative benchmarks of exchange–correlation (XC) functionals under WDM conditions are yet incomplete. Here, we present the first assessment of common XC functionals against exact path-integral Monte Carlo calculations of the harmonically perturbed thermal electron gas. This system is directly related to the numerical modeling of x-ray scattering experiments on warm dense samples. Our assessment yields the parameter space where common XC functionals are applicable. More importantly, we pinpoint where the tested XC functionals fail when perturbations on the electronic structure are imposed. We indicate the lack of XC functionals that take into account the needs of WDM physics in terms of perturbed electronic structures.
3ω correction method for eliminating resistance measurement error due to Joule heating
Authors: Guralnik Benny , Hansen Ole , Henrichsen Henrik H. , Beltrán-Pitarch Braulio , Østerberg Frederik W. , Shiv Lior , Marangoni Thomas A. , Stilling-Andersen Andreas R. , Cagliani Alberto , Hansen Mikkel F. , Nielsen Peter F. , Oprins Herman , Vermeersch Bjorn , Adelmann Christoph , Dutta Shibesh , Borup Kasper A. , Mihiretie Besira M. , Petersen Dirch H.
Published: September 2021

Electrical four-terminal sensing at (sub-)micrometer scales enables the characterization of key electromagnetic properties within the semiconductor industry, including materials’ resistivity, Hall mobility/carrier density, and magnetoresistance. However, as devices’ critical dimensions continue to shrink, significant over/underestimation of properties due to a by-product Joule heating of the probed volume becomes increasingly common. Here, we demonstrate how self-heating effects can be quantified and compensated for via 3ω signals to yield zero-current transfer resistance. Under further assumptions, these signals can be used to characterize selected thermal properties of the probed volume, such as the temperature coefficient of resistance and/or the Seebeck coefficient.