bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Gene-Activated Materials in Regenerative Dentistry: Narrative Review of Technology and Study Results
Authors: Krasilnikova Olga , Yakimova Anna , Ivanov Sergey , Atiakshin Dmitri , Kostin Andrey A. , Sosin Dmitry , Shegay Peter , Kaprin Andrey D. , Klabukov Ilya
Published: November 2023

Treatment of a wide variety of defects in the oral and maxillofacial regions requires the use of innovative approaches to achieve best outcomes. One of the promising directions is the use of gene-activated materials (GAMs) that represent a combination of tissue engineering and gene therapy. This approach implies that biocompatible materials will be enriched with gene-carrying vectors and implanted into the defect site resulting in transfection of the recipient’s cells and secretion of encoded therapeutic protein in situ. GAMs may be presented in various designs depending on the type of material, encoded protein, vector, and way of connecting the vector and the material. Thus, it is possible to choose the most suitable GAM design for the treatment of a particular pathology. The use of plasmids for delivery of therapeutic genes is of particular interest. In the present review, we aimed to delineate the principle of work and various designs of plasmid-based GAMs and to highlight results of experimental and clinical studies devoted to the treatment of periodontitis, jaw bone defects, teeth avulsion, and other pathologies in the oral and maxillofacial regions.
Unraveling Complex Hysteresis Phenomenon in 1,2-Dipalmitoyl-sn-Glycero-3-Phosphocholine Monolayer: Insight into Factors Influencing Surface Dynamics
Authors: Sudjarwo Wisnu Arfian A. , Toca-Herrera José L.
Published: November 2023

This study explores the hysteresis phenomenon in DPPC (1,2-dipalmitoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine) monolayers, considering several variables, including temperature, compression and expansion rates, residence time, and subphase content. The investigation focuses on analyzing the influence of these variables on key indicators such as the π-A isotherm curve, loop area, and compression modulus. By employing the Langmuir–Blodgett technique, the findings reveal that all the examined factors significantly affect the aforementioned parameters. Notably, the hysteresis loop, representing dissipated energy, provides valuable insights into the monolayer’s viscoelasticity, molecular packing, phase transition changes, and resistance during the isocycle process. These findings contribute to a comprehensive understanding of the structural and dynamic properties of DPPC monolayers, offering insights into their behavior under varying conditions. Moreover, the knowledge gained from this study can aid in the development of precise models and strategies for controlling and manipulating monolayer properties, with potential applications in drug delivery systems, surface coatings, as well as further investigation into air penetration into alveoli and the blinking mechanism.
Human Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cells Promote the M2 Phenotype in Macrophages Derived from STEMI Patients
Authors: Cortés-Morales Víctor Adrián , Vázquez-González Wendy Guadalupe , Montesinos Juan José , Moreno-Ruíz Luis , Salgado-Pastor Selene , Salinas-Arreola Pamela Michelle , Díaz-Duarte Karla , Chávez-Rueda Adriana Karina , Chávez-Sánchez Luis
Published: November 2023

Acute ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) leads to myocardial injury or necrosis, and M1 macrophages play an important role in the inflammatory response. Bone marrow mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (BM-MSCs) are capable of modulating macrophage plasticity, principally due to their immunoregulatory capacity. In the present study, we analyzed the capacity of MSCs to modulate macrophages derived from monocytes from patients with STEMI. We analyzed the circulating levels of cytokines associated with M1 and M2 macrophages in patients with STEMI, and the levels of cytokines associated with M1 macrophages were significantly higher in patients with STEMI than in controls. BM-MSCs facilitate the generation of M1 and M2 macrophages. M1 macrophages cocultured with MSCs did not have decreased M1 marker expression, but these macrophages had an increased expression of markers of the M2 macrophage phenotype (CD14, CD163 and CD206) and IL-10 and IL-1Ra signaling-induced regulatory T cells (Tregs). M2 macrophages from patients with STEMI had an increased expression of M2 phenotypic markers in coculture with BM-MSCs, as well as an increased secretion of anti-inflammatory cytokines and an increased generation of Tregs. The findings in this study indicate that BM-MSCs have the ability to modulate the M1 macrophage response, which could improve cardiac tissue damage in patients with STEMI.
NXC736 Attenuates Radiation-Induced Lung Fibrosis via Regulating NLRP3/IL-1β Signaling Pathway
Authors: Kim Sang Yeon , Park Sunjoo , Cui Ronglan , Lee Hajeong , Choi Hojung , Farh Mohamed El-Agamy , Jo Hai In , Lee Jae Hee , Song Hyo Jeong , Lee Yoon-Jin , Lee Yun-Sil , Lee Bong Yong , Cho Jaeho
Published: November 2023

Radiation-induced lung fibrosis (RILF) is a common complication of radiotherapy in lung cancer. However, to date no effective treatment has been developed for this condition. NXC736 is a novel small-molecule compound that inhibits NLRP3, but its effect on RILF is unknown. NLRP3 activation is an important trigger for the development of RILF. Thus, we aimed to evaluate the therapeutic effect of NXC736 on lung fibrosis inhibition using a RILF animal model and to elucidate its molecular signaling pathway. The left lungs of mice were irradiated with a single dose of 75 Gy. We observed that NXC736 treatment inhibited collagen deposition and inflammatory cell infiltration in irradiated mouse lung tissues. The damaged lung volume, evaluated by magnetic resonance imaging, was lower in NXC736-treated mice than in irradiated mice. NXC736-treated mice exhibited significant changes in lung function parameters. NXC736 inhibited inflammasome activation by interfering with the NLRP3-ASC-cleaved caspase-1 interaction, thereby reducing the expression of IL-1β and blocking the fibrotic pathway. In addition, NXC736 treatment reduced the expression of epithelial–mesenchymal transition markers such as α-SMA, vimentin, and twist by blocking the Smad 2,3,4 signaling pathway. These data suggested that NXC736 is a potent therapeutic agent against RILF.
Neural Marker Expression in Adipose-Derived Stem Cells Grown in PEG-Based 3D Matrix Is Enhanced in the Presence of B27 and CultureOne Supplements
Authors: Gomila Pelegri Neus , Stanczak Aleksandra M. , Bottomley Amy L. , Cummins Max L. , Milthorpe Bruce K. , Gorrie Catherine A. , Padula Matthew P. , Santos Jerran
Published: November 2023

Adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs) have incredible potential as an avenue to better understand and treat neurological disorders. While they have been successfully differentiated into neural stem cells and neurons, most such protocols involve 2D environments, which are not representative of in vivo physiology. In this study, human ADSCs were cultured in 1.1 kPa polyethylene-glycol 3D hydrogels for 10 days with B27, CultureOne (C1), and N2 neural supplements to examine the neural differentiation potential of ADSCs using both chemical and mechanical cues. Following treatment, cell viability, proliferation, morphology, and proteome changes were assessed. Results showed that cell viability was maintained during treatments, and while cells continued to proliferate over time, proliferation slowed down. Morphological changes between 3D untreated cells and treated cells were not observed. However, they were observed among 2D treatments, which exhibited cellular elongation and co-alignment. Proteome analysis showed changes consistent with early neural differentiation for B27 and C1 but not N2. No significant changes were detected using immunocytochemistry, potentially indicating a greater differentiation period was required. In conclusion, treatment of 3D-cultured ADSCs in PEG-based hydrogels with B27 and C1 further enhances neural marker expression, however, this was not observed using supplementation with N2.
Can Machine Learning Models Detect and Predict Lymph Node Involvement in Prostate Cancer? A Comprehensive Systematic Review
Authors: Faiella Eliodoro , Vaccarino Federica , Ragone Raffaele , D’Amone Giulia , Cirimele Vincenzo , Piccolo Claudia Lucia , Vertulli Daniele , Grasso Rosario Francesco , Zobel Bruno Beomonte , Santucci Domiziana
Published: November 2023

(1) Background: Recently, Artificial Intelligence (AI)-based models have been investigated for lymph node involvement (LNI) detection and prediction in Prostate cancer (PCa) patients, in order to reduce surgical risks and improve patient outcomes. This review aims to gather and analyze the few studies available in the literature to examine their initial findings. (2) Methods: Two reviewers conducted independently a search of MEDLINE databases, identifying articles exploring AI’s role in PCa LNI. Sixteen studies were selected, and their methodological quality was appraised using the Radiomics Quality Score. (3) Results: AI models in Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI)-based studies exhibited comparable LNI prediction accuracy to standard nomograms. Computed Tomography (CT)-based and Positron Emission Tomography (PET)-CT models demonstrated high diagnostic and prognostic results. (4) Conclusions: AI models showed promising results in LN metastasis prediction and detection in PCa patients. Limitations of the reviewed studies encompass retrospective design, non-standardization, manual segmentation, and limited studies and participants. Further research is crucial to enhance AI tools’ effectiveness in this area.
Association between Metabolic Syndrome and Leukocytes: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Raya-Cano Elena , Vaquero-Abellán Manuel , Molina-Luque Rafael , Molina-Recio Guillermo , Guzmán-García José Miguel , Jiménez-Mérida Rocío , Romero-Saldaña Manuel
Published: November 2023

Background: Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a group of metabolic abnormalities characterised by central obesity, hypertension, dyslipidaemia, and dysregulation of blood glucose, which is associated with the risk of diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and overall mortality. White blood cell count is a selective marker of acute infection and inflammation, which could provide information on the metabolic status of subjects. This study aims to provide the best evidence on the association between MetS and white blood cell count by determining the effect size of this biomarker. Methods: A systematic review and meta-analysis of studies indexed in the PubMed and Scopus databases were performed. Methodological quality was assessed using the STROBE tool, overall risk of bias using RevMan (Cochrane Collaboration), and quality of evidence using Grade Pro. Results: We included 14 articles comparing leukocyte concentrations in 21,005 subjects with MetS and 66,339 controls. Subjects with MetS had a higher mean leukocyte count, 0.64 cells ×109/L; CI95% 0.55–0.72; p < 0.00001; I2 = 93%. Conclusions: An in-depth evaluation of the relationship of leukocytes in the pathophysiological process of MetS could lead to new insights into early diagnosis.
Perioperative Complications in Patients with Preeclampsia Undergoing Caesarean Section Surgery
Authors: Unal Busra Sara , Dennis Alicia T.
Published: November 2023

Caesarean section has risks of bleeding, infection and thromboembolism, and neuroendocrine-metabolic, and inflammatory-immune responses that may worsen outcomes in patients with preeclampsia. There is little research examining perioperative, as opposed to peripartum, outcomes in patients with preeclampsia. We conducted a single-centrecentre retrospective cohort study of perioperative patients with preeclampsia over an eight-month period to determine the rate of perioperative complication. Seventy-two patients were included. The maternal complication rate was 59.7 per 100 operations (95% CI 48.2 to 70.3%). Severe complications included pulmonary oedema 2 (2.8%), haemorrhage > 1000 mL 5 (6.9%), and blood transfusion 2 (2.8%). Twenty (27.8%) patients had a hospital length of stay ≥7 days. The rate of anaemia (haemoglobin < 110 g/L) on hospital discharge was 42 per 100 operations (95% CI 31.0 to 53.2%). Patient representation rate to hospital after discharge was 23.6% per 100 operations (95% CI 15.3 to 34.6%). There were no maternal deaths. The neonatal complication rate was 38.9 per 100 operations (95% CI 28.9 to 51.1%) with one foetal death. Patients with preeclampsia undergoing caesarean section are a very high-risk surgical group who experience significant perioperative complications. Urgent action is needed to confirm these findings and improve outcomes in these patients.
Endovascular Treatment of Type A Aortic Dissection: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis Using Reconstructed Time-to-Event Data
Authors: Mylonas Konstantinos S. , Zoupas Ioannis , Tasoudis Panagiotis T. , Vitkos Evangelos , Stavridis George T. , Avgerinos Dimitrios V.
Published: November 2023

Objective: The undisputed gold standard of treatment for type A aortic dissections (TAAD) is open surgery. Anecdotal reports have assessed thoracic endovascular aortic repair (TEVAR) as a last resort for highly selected candidates. The present study aims to evaluate endovascular outcomes in TAAD patients who are unsuitable for open surgery whilst having TEVAR-compatible aortic anatomy. Methods: A PRISMA-compliant systematic search of the PubMed, Scopus, and Cochrane databases was performed up to 19 May 2022. Time-to-event data were reconstructed using Kaplan–Meier curves from the source literature. Results: In 20 eligible studies, 311 patients underwent TEVAR for acute, subacute, or chronic TAAD. Mean age at the time of the operation was 60.70 ± 8.00 years and 75.48% (95% Confidence Interval [CI], 60.33–88.46%) of the included patients were males. Mean operative time was 169.40 ± 30.70 min. Overall, 0.44% (95% CI, 0.00–4.83%) of the cases were converted to salvage open surgery. Technical failure, stroke, and endoleaks occurred in 0.22%, 0.1%, and 8.52% of the cohort, respectively. Thirty-day postoperative complication rate was 7.08% (95% CI, 1.52–14.97%), whereas late complications developed in 16.89% (95% CI, 7.75–27.88%) of the patients. One-, three-, and five-year survival rates were estimated at 87.15%, 82.52% and 82.31%, respectively. Reintervention was required in 8.38% of the cohort over a mean follow-up of 32.40 ± 24.40 months. Conclusions: TEVAR seems to be feasible in highly selected patients with TAAD who cannot tolerate open surgery. Overcoming technical limitations and acquiring long-term data are warranted to safely define the place of endovascular treatment in the armamentarium of TAAD repair.
Observational Study of the Association between Atrial Fibrillation and In-Hospital Mortality during Hospitalization for Solid Organ Transplants in Spain from 2004 to 2021
Authors: de-Miguel-Yanes José M , Lopez-de-Andres Ana , Jimenez-Garcia Rodrigo , Zamorano-Leon José J , Carabantes-Alarcon David , Hernández-Barrera Valentín , De-Miguel-Diez Javier , Carricondo Francisco , Romero-Gomez Barbara , Cuadrado-Corrales Natividad
Published: November 2023

(1) Background: We analyzed the association between atrial fibrillation or atrial flutter (AF) and in-hospital mortality (IHM) among patients who underwent solid organ transplants in Spain from 2004 to 2021. (2) Methods: We gathered information from all hospital admissions for lung, liver, kidney, and heart transplants. (3) Results: A total of 71,827 transplants were analyzed (4598 lung transplants; 18,127 liver transplants; 45,262 kidney transplants; and 4734 heart transplants). One third of these were for women. Overall, the prevalence of AF was 6.8% and increased from 5.3% in 2004–2009 to 8.6% in 2016–2021. The highest prevalence of AF was found for heart transplants (24.0%), followed by lung transplants (14.7%). The rates for kidney and liver transplants were 5.3% and 4.1%, respectively. The AF code increased over time for all of the transplants analyzed (p < 0.001). The patients’ IHM decreased significantly from 2004–2009 to 2016–2021 for all types of transplants. AF was associated with a higher IHM for all of the types of transplants analyzed, except for heart transplants. (4) Conclusions: The prevalence of AF among patients admitted for solid organ transplants was highest for those who underwent heart transplants. The mortality rate during the patients’ admission for lung, liver, kidney, or heart transplants decreased over time. AF was independently associated with a higher risk of dying in the hospital for those who underwent lung, liver, or kidney transplants.
Fabry Disease: More than a Phenocopy of Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy
Authors: Stankowski Kamil , Figliozzi Stefano , Battaglia Vincenzo , Catapano Federica , Francone Marco , Monti Lorenzo
Published: November 2023

Fabry disease (FD) is a genetic lysosomal storage disease with frequent cardiovascular involvement, whose presence is a major determinant of adverse clinical outcomes. As a potentially treatable cause of left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) and heart failure with preserved ejection fraction, the early recognition of FD is crucial to initiate enzyme replacement therapy and improve long-term prognosis. Multimodality imaging plays a central role in the evaluation of patients with FD and helps in the differential diagnosis of other conditions presenting with LVH. In the present review, we explore the current applications of multimodality cardiac imaging, in particular echocardiography and cardiovascular magnetic resonance, in the diagnosis, prognostic assessment, and follow-up of patients with FD.
Intraoral Microvascular Anastomosis in Immediate Free Flap Reconstruction for Midfacial Tumor Defects: A Retrospective Multicenter Study
Authors: Kämmerer Peer W. , Tavakoli Milad , Gaggl Alexander , Maranzano Massimo
Published: November 2023

(1) Background: The current landscape of midface reconstruction is marked by ongoing evolution, with notable advancements in surgical techniques, microvascular procedures, and the implementation of multidisciplinary approaches, all of which have significantly enhanced both functional and aesthetic outcomes. Conventionally, microvascular anastomoses for free flaps in midfacial reconstruction have been executed using cervical vessels. However, this approach necessitates neck access, resulting in extraoral scars and a substantial pedicle length. In light of these considerations, using intraoral anastomoses via the facial vessels emerges as a promising alternative. This retrospective multicentric study aims to provide a comprehensive account of immediate midface reconstruction through intraoral anastomoses. (2) Methods: Between 2020 and 2023, patients were included who underwent intraoral resection of midface/orbit segments (Brown Classes I-VI) as a result of malignant diseases. In all cases, immediate reconstruction was accomplished by utilizing the facial vessels through an intraoral approach. Outcome criteria were identification of vessels, parotid duct or facial nerve damage, success of vascular anastomoses, and flap survival. (3) Results: A total of 117 patients with 132 flaps (91 osseous and 41 cutaneous) were included. The intraoral preparation of facial vessels was successfully completed in less than 1 h, and no complications related to the dissection or anastomoses were observed. In two cases, the vessel diameter was insufficient to facilitate anastomoses, necessitating adopting an extraoral approach. During a follow-up period of 48 months, two osseous flaps were lost, accounting for a 1.5% loss rate out of 132 flaps used. Additionally, 3 flaps experienced partial loss, including a skin island of a scapula, the border zone of a femur, and a rectus flap, resulting in a 2.3% partial loss rate out of 130 flaps utilized. (4) Conclusions: This case series underscores the feasibility of employing intraoral anastomoses for immediate complex midface reconstruction following oncological resection. This approach is particularly advantageous for flaps with shorter pedicles, as it helps mitigate external scarring and minimizes the risk of facial nerve injury.
Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation of the Human Motor Cortex Modulates Processing of Heat Pain Sensation as Assessed by the Offset Analgesia Paradigm
Authors: Cosentino Giuseppe , Antoniazzi Elisa , Cavigioli Camilla , Tang Vanessa , Tammam Giulia , Zaffina Chiara , Tassorelli Cristina , Todisco Massimiliano
Published: November 2023

Offset analgesia (OA), which is defined as a disproportionately large reduction in pain perception following a small decrease in a heat stimulus, quantifies temporal aspects of endogenous pain modulation. In this study on healthy subjects, we aimed to (i) determine the Heat Pain Threshold (HPT) and the response to constant and dynamic heat stimuli assessing sensitization, adaptation and OA phenomena at the thenar eminence; (ii) evaluate the effects of high-frequency repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (rTMS) of the primary motor cortex (M1) on these measures. Twenty-four healthy subjects underwent quantitative sensory testing before and after active or sham 10 Hz rTMS (1200 stimuli) of the left M1, during separate sessions. We did not observe any rTMS-related changes in the HPT or visual analogue scale (VAS) values recorded during the constant trial. Of note, at baseline, we did not find OA at the thenar eminence. Only after active rTMS did we detect significantly reduced VAS values during dynamic heat stimuli, indicating a delayed and attenuated OA phenomenon. rTMS of the left M1 may activate remote brain areas that belong to the descending pain modulatory and reward systems involved in the OA phenomenon. Our findings provide insights into the mechanisms by which rTMS of M1 could exert its analgesic effects.
Frequency and Characteristics of Non-Neurological and Neurological Stroke Mimics in the Emergency Department
Authors: Kühne Escolà Jordi , Bozkurt Bessime , Brune Bastian , Chae Woon Hyung , Milles Lennart Steffen , Pommeranz Doreen , Brune Lena , Dammann Philipp , Sure Ulrich , Deuschl Cornelius , Forsting Michael , Kill Clemens , Kleinschnitz Christoph , Köhrmann Martin , Frank Benedikt
Published: November 2023

Background: Stroke mimics are common in the emergency department (ED) and early detection is important to initiate appropriate treatment and withhold unnecessary procedures. We aimed to compare the frequency, clinical characteristics and predictors of non-neurological and neurological stroke mimics transferred to our ED for suspected stroke. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study of consecutive patients with suspected stroke transported to the ED of the University Hospital Essen between January 2017 and December 2021 by the city’s Emergency Medical Service. We investigated patient characteristics, preclinical data, symptoms and final diagnoses in patients with non-neurological and neurological stroke mimics. Multinominal logistic regression analysis was performed to assess predictors of both etiologic groups. Results: Of 2167 patients with suspected stroke, 762 (35.2%) were diagnosed with a stroke mimic. Etiology was non-neurological in 369 (48.4%) and neurological in 393 (51.6%) cases. The most common diagnoses were seizures (23.2%) and infections (14.7%). Patients with non-neurological mimics were older (78.0 vs. 72.0 y, p < 0.001) and more likely to have chronic kidney disease (17.3% vs. 9.2%, p < 0.001) or heart failure (12.5% vs. 7.1%, p = 0.014). Prevalence of malignancy (8.7% vs. 13.7%, p = 0.031) and focal symptoms (38.8 vs. 57.3%, p < 0.001) was lower in this group. More than two-fifths required hospitalization (39.3 vs. 47.1%, p = 0.034). Adjusted multinominal logistic regression revealed chronic kidney and liver disease as independent positive predictors of stroke mimics regardless of etiology, while atrial fibrillation and hypertension were negative predictors in both groups. Prehospital vital signs were independently associated with non-neurological stroke mimics only, while age was exclusively associated with neurological mimics. Conclusions: Up to half of stroke mimics in the neurological ED are of non-neurological origin. Preclinical identification is challenging and a high proportion requires hospitalization. Awareness of underlying etiologies and differences in clinical characteristics is important to provide optimal care.
Lymphangioleiomyomatosis with Tuberous Sclerosis Complex—A Case Study
Authors: Marciniak Aleksandra , Nawrocka-Rutkowska Jolanta , Brodowska Agnieszka , Starczewski Andrzej , Szydłowska Iwona
Published: November 2023

Lymphangioleiomyomatosis (LAM) is characterized by lung cysts that cause lung deterioration, changes in the lymphatic system, and tumors in the kidneys. It mainly affects women of reproductive age and is a progressive disease. LAM can occur as an isolated disease or coexist with tuberous sclerosis (TSC). The source of LAM cells is unknown. Patients with confirmed LAM should be treated with an mTOR inhibitor, sirolimus, or everolimus. We present a case of LAM with TSC in a patient whose symptoms, including those in the lymph nodes and chyaloperitoneum, mainly concern the abdominal cavity.
Metabolic Disorders, the Microbiome as an Endocrine Organ, and Their Relations with Obesity: A Literature Review
Authors: Ispas Sorina , Tuta Liliana Ana , Botnarciuc Mihaela , Ispas Viorel , Staicovici Sorana , Ali Sevigean , Nelson-Twakor Andreea , Cojocaru Cristina , Herlo Alexandra , Petcu Adina
Published: November 2023

The etiology of metabolic disorders, such as obesity, has been predominantly associated with the gut microbiota, which is acknowledged as an endocrine organ that plays a crucial role in modulating energy homeostasis and host immune responses. The presence of dysbiosis has the potential to impact the functioning of the intestinal barrier and the gut-associated lymphoid tissues by allowing the transit of bacterial structural components, such as lipopolysaccharides. This, in turn, may trigger inflammatory pathways and potentially lead to the onset of insulin resistance. Moreover, intestinal dysbiosis has the potential to modify the production of gastrointestinal peptides that are linked to the feeling of fullness, hence potentially leading to an increase in food consumption. In this literature review, we discuss current developments, such as the impact of the microbiota on lipid metabolism as well as the processes by which its changes led to the development of metabolic disorders. Several methods have been developed that could be used to modify the gut microbiota and undo metabolic abnormalities. Methods: After researching different databases, we examined the PubMed collection of articles and conducted a literature review. Results: After applying our exclusion and inclusion criteria, the initial search yielded 1345 articles. We further used various filters to narrow down our titles analysis and, to be specific to our study, selected the final ten studies, the results of which are included in the Results section. Conclusions: Through gut barrier integrity, insulin resistance, and other influencing factors, the gut microbiota impacts the host’s metabolism and obesity. Although the area of the gut microbiota and its relationship to obesity is still in its initial stages of research, it offers great promise for developing new therapeutic targets that may help prevent and cure obesity by restoring the gut microbiota to a healthy condition.
Application of Unconventional Tillage Systems to Maize Cultivation and Measures for Rational Use of Agricultural Lands
Authors: Chețan Felicia , Rusu Teodor , Chețan Cornel , Șimon Alina , Vălean Ana-Maria , Ceclan Adrian Ovidiu , Bărdaș Marius , Tărău Adina
Published: November 2023

Maize (Zea mays L.) is one of the main agricultural crops grown worldwide under very diverse climate and soil conditions. For maize cultivation in a conventional tillage system, autumn plowing is a mandatory condition. Minimum soil tillage or no tillage has been applied in recent years, both in research and in production, for reasons relating to soil conservation and fuel economy. This paper presents the results of the research executed under pedoclimatic conditions at the Agricultural Research and Development Station Turda (ARDS Turda, Romania; chernozem soil) regarding the behavior of the maize hybrid Turda 332 cultivated in four tillage systems and two levels of fertilization during the period of 2016–2022. The following soil tillage systems were applied: a conventional tillage system (CT) and unconventional tillage systems in three variants—a minimum tillage system with a chisel (MTC), a minimum tillage system with a disk (MTD), and a no-tillage system (NT). They were applied with two levels of fertilization: basic fertilization (350 kg ha−1 NPK 16:16:16, applied at sowing) and optimized fertilization (350 kg ha−1 NPK 16:16:16 applied at sowing + 150 kg ha−1 calcium ammonium nitrate with additional fertilization in the phenophase of the maize with 6–7 leaves). The results highlight the fact that under the conditions of chernozem soils with a high clay content (41% clay content), maize does not lend itself to cultivation in MTD and NT, requiring deeper mobilization, with the yield data confirming this fact. This is because under the agrotechnical conditions for sowing carried out in MTD and NT, the seeder used (Maschio Gaspardo MT 6R) does not allow for the high-quality sowing of maize, especially under dry soil conditions. Instead, the MTC system could be an alternative to the conventional tillage system, with the yield difference being below 100 kg ha−1.
Increasing Vulnerability of Village Heritage: Evidence from 123 Villages in Aba Prefecture, Sichuan, China
Authors: Shi Bin , Liu Hongtao , Huang Lu , Zhang Yang , Xiang Zhangyong
Published: November 2023

As the threat of global risks has increased, the study of village heritage has begun to move away from the interpretation of traditional values or the presentation of historical wisdom to focus on the vulnerability of villages. Taking Chinese traditional villages (a type of vernacular heritage) as the target, this study clarifies the connotation of village vulnerability and its generation pattern. Drawing on the framework of “exposure-sensitivity-adaptive capacity”, a set of vulnerability evaluation index systems integrating the characteristics of village heritage is proposed. By utilizing vulnerability index and obstacle degree models, we analyze the spatial differentiation and evolutionary characteristics of vulnerability in 123 traditional villages within Aba Prefecture, Sichuan Province, southwestern China, while also exploring the main factors influencing vulnerability evolution at different spatial scales. The results reveal an “east high, west low” spatial pattern and a clustered distribution of vulnerability in traditional villages across the region. From 2012 to 2019, the vulnerability levels fluctuated and intensified, with decreasing individual differences. The evolutionary characteristics of exposure, sensitivity, and adaptive capacity also displayed significant variations. Persistent and stable influences on village vulnerability were identified from factors such as land use scale, population density, gross domestic product, and land fragmentation. Based on these findings, strategic recommendations for village classification, protection, and development are proposed.
Translating Nature-Based Solutions for Water Resources Management to Higher Educational Programs in Three European Countries
Authors: Potočki Kristina , Raška Pavel , Ferreira Carla S. S. , Bezak Nejc
Published: November 2023

Climate change has increasing impacts of hydro-meteorological extremes on water resources. Projections indicate a similar trend and challenge in the effectiveness of conventional engineering solutions in climate change adaptation (CCA) and disaster risk reduction (DRR) strategies. Nature-based solutions (NbSs) have been promoted as viable approaches and measures that complement engineering solutions. While the effects of NbSs have been increasingly demonstrated, their broader implementation can be favoured by NbSs knowledge integration in higher education curricula. Knowledge on how the research practice is translated into the educational landscape is missing. This paper adopts the concept of knowledge translation and analyses the integration of NbSs in the study programs of higher education institutions in three European countries (Croatia, Czechia, and Slovenia). Specifically, it explores the extent, thematic areas, and curricular settings of NbSs related to water resources management in implemented curricula at public universities. The results show that NbSs are integrated in a limited number of courses within the relevant study programs (in the fields of, e.g., natural sciences, geography, and engineering and technology) and represent rather an extension of compulsory curricula. Bibliometric analysis revealed that most courses involving the NbSs approach still represent a personalized knowledge, i.e., developed by professors during their research activities. The barriers impairing a broader integration of NbSs in the studied programs are then discussed. Our results therefore indicate that NbSs do not represent a mainstream knowledge that would proliferate into higher education curricula through accreditations procedures, but that the knowledge that is mostly integrated through direct incremental implementation of NbSs in the individual compulsory lessons or facultative courses. We assert that without broader and systematic NbSs knowledge translation to study programs, the effectiveness of climate change adaptation and disaster risk reduction strategies cannot be fully achieved.
Advances in the Study of the Pathology and Treatment of Alzheimer’s Disease and Its Association with Periodontitis
Authors: Tang Dan , Sun Chang , Yang Jumei , Fan Lili , Wang Yonggang
Published: November 2023

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) has become one of the leading causes of health problems in the elderly, and studying its causes and treatments remains a serious challenge for researchers worldwide. The two main pathological features of Alzheimer’s disease are the extracellular deposition of β-amyloid (Aβ) to form senile plaques and the intracellular aggregation of hyperphosphorylated Tau protein to form neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs). Researchers have proposed several hypotheses to elucidate the pathogenesis of AD, but due to the complexity of the pathophysiologic factors involved in the development of AD, no effective drugs have been found to stop the progression of the disease. Currently, the mainstay drugs used to treat AD can only alleviate the patient’s symptoms and do not have a therapeutic effect. As researchers explore interactions among diseases, much evidence suggests that there is a close link between periodontitis and AD, and that periodontal pathogenic bacteria can exacerbate Aβ deposition and Tau protein hyperphosphorylation through neuroinflammatory mechanisms, thereby advancing the pathogenesis of AD. This article reviews recent advances in the pathogenesis of AD, available therapeutic agents, the relevance of periodontitis to AD, and mechanisms of action.
Thermo-Oxidative Stability and Tribological Properties of Biolubricants Obtained from Castor Oil Fatty Acids and Isoamyl Alcohol
Authors: Melo Neta Maria Marliete F. , Lima Gustavo R. R. , Tavares Philipe de O. , Figueredo Igor de M. , Rocha Weslley da S. , Ribeiro Filho Paulo R. C. F. , Cavalcante Célio L. , Luna Francisco Murilo T.
Published: November 2023

In this study, the thermo-oxidative stability and tribological behavior of bio-based lubricant samples synthesized from castor oil using isoamyl alcohol were evaluated. Initially, the compositional and physicochemical properties of the obtained samples were assessed using the 1H NMR, FTIR and ASTM methods. Oxidative stability of the samples was evaluated using the Rancimat method at 110 °C under air flow. The final biolubricant sample (BL2), obtained after esterification, epoxidation and oxirane rings opening reactions, presented an oxidation stability time (OST) of 14.3 h. The thermal stability was also evaluated by thermogravimetry (TG) from the mass variations under inert and oxidative atmosphere. BL2 showed higher thermal stability compared to the other samples, demonstrating higher decomposition temperatures in both inert (339.04 °C) and oxidative (338.47 °C) atmospheres, for a mass loss of 50%. The tribological properties of the samples were evaluated using a four-ball tribometer configuration. The BL1 and BL2 samples exhibited lower friction coefficients than the mineral oil sample (MOS) by 21.5% and 43.1%, respectively. Regarding wear, the observed wear scar diameter (WSD) was also lower in BL1 and BL2 compared to MOS by 5.2% and 40.4%, respectively. The results of the tribological evaluation suggest that both samples (BL1 and BL2) have promising potential for applications in lubricating machines.
Effect of Thermal Aging on the Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of ER308L/Z2CND18.12N2 Dissimilar Welds
Authors: Ju Hongmin , Liu Jing , Zhuo Shiwei , Wang Yanli , Li Shilei
Published: November 2023

A multi-analytical approach was used to investigate the effect of thermal aging on the microstructure and mechanical properties of ER308L/Z2CND18.12N2. The results demonstrated that fractures occurred preferentially on the ER308L side. Z2CND18.12N2 exhibited superior fracture toughness compared to ER308L regardless of thermal aging time. The ultimate tensile strength significantly increased from 564.5 MPa in the unaged condition to 592.7 MPa to MPa after thermal aging and the fracture mode changed from ductile fracture into a ductile + quasi-cleavage fracture. The fusion zone (FZ) with the chemical composition gradient was about 40 μm from the Z2CND18.12N2 to ER308L. After thermal aging, spinodal decomposition and G-phase precipitation were observed for the first time in the ferrite phase of the FZ. Moreover, the hardness presented the following trend: FZ > ER308L > Z2CND18.12N2. The hardness of the ferrite phase dramatically increased from 6.13 GPa in an unaged condition to 8.46 GPa in a 10,000 h aged condition.
Applications of Silk Fibroin in Human and Veterinary Medicine
Authors: Koczoń Piotr , Dąbrowska Alicja , Laskowska Ewa , Łabuz Małgorzata , Maj Katarzyna , Masztakowski Jakub , Bartyzel Bartłomiej J. , Bryś Andrzej , Bryś Joanna , Gruczyńska-Sękowska Eliza
Published: November 2023

The properties of silk make it a promising material for medical applications, both in human and veterinary medicine. Its predominant amino acids, glycine and alanine, exhibit low chemical reactivity, reducing the risk of graft rejection, a notable advantage over most synthetic polymers. Hence, silk is increasingly used as a material for 3D printing in biomedicine. It can be used to build cell scaffolding with the desired cytocompatibility and biodegradability. In combination with gelatine, silk can be used in the treatment of arthritis, and as a hydrogel, to regenerate chondrocytes and mesenchymal cells. When combined with gelatine and collagen, it can also make skin grafts and regenerate the integumentary system. In the treatment of bone tissue, it can be used in combination with polylactic acid and hydroxyapatite to produce bone clips having good mechanical properties and high immunological tolerance. Furthermore, silk can provide a good microenvironment for the proliferation of bone marrow stem cells. Moreover, research is underway to produce artificial blood vessels using silk in combination with glycidyl methacrylate. Silk vascular grafts have demonstrated a high degree of patency and a satisfactory degree of endothelial cells coverage.
Analysis of the Effect of Skew Rolling Parameters on the Surface Roughness of C60 Steel Products Using ML Methods
Authors: Lis Konrad
Published: November 2023

This paper presents results from experimental and numerical studies of the skew rolling process used to shape axisymmetric products made of C60-grade steel. An experimental study was carried out to investigate the effect of process parameters described by the forming angle α, the skew angle θ, the reduction ratio δ, and the jaw chuck velocity Vu on the surface roughness Ra of the forgings. Stepped forgings made of C60-grade steel were rolled. Based on numerical calculations, a machine learning regression model was developed that uses process parameters to predict the surface roughness of produced parts. The random forest model was found to be the most effective based on the determined metrics (MAE, RMSE, R2). A more detailed analysis of this model was performed using the SHAP library. The application of ML methods will enable optimization of skew rolling through appropriate selection of process parameters affecting improvement in product quality.
A Theoretical Study on the Spatiotemporal Variation in the Temperature Field in Linings of High-Water-Temperature Tunnels
Authors: Huang Mingli , Huang Meng , Li Jiacheng , Qian Yuan
Published: November 2023

On the basis of the theory of unsteady heat conduction, discrete equations for the unsteady temperature field in the secondary linings of high-water-temperature tunnels when considering the hydration heat of lining concrete were derived and established. Spatiotemporal variation in the temperature field of tunnel linings was revealed through the analysis of numerical examples. Research demonstrates that the temperature of the secondary lining within a thickness range of approximately 15 cm near the tunnel clearance decreases sharply under the condition that the lining thickness is 35 cm. The higher the temperature on the lining’s outer surface, the more drastically the lining temperature decreases. When considering the hydration heat of lining concrete, the lining temperature increases to a certain extent after a sudden drop, reaching stability after approximately 20 h, and the lining temperature is approximately 1–2 °C higher than that without taking concrete hydration heat into account. The temperature difference between the tunnel lining’s core and its inner and outer surfaces is positively and negatively correlated with the temperature of the secondary lining’s outer surface, respectively. When the temperature of the secondary lining’s outer surface is not higher than 65 °C, the temperature difference between the tunnel lining’s core and its inner and outer surfaces is less than 20 °C. Conversely, it partially or completely exceeds 20 °C, in which case an insulation method is recommended to utilize to prevent thermal cracks in secondary linings triggered via a high temperature difference.
A New Regression Model for the Prediction of the Stress–Strain Relations of Different Materials
Authors: Lin Yanli , Su Yibo , Zhao Qilin , Wang Shuo , Yuan Hang , Hu Xinyu , He Zhubin
Published: November 2023

Experimental flow stress–strain data under different stress states are often used to calibrate the plastic constitutive model of anisotropic metal materials or identify the appropriate model that is able to reproduce their plastic deformation behavior. Since the experimental stress–strain data are discrete, they need to be mathematically returned to a continuous function to be used to describe an equivalent hardening increment. However, the regression results obtained using existing regression models are not always accurate, especially for stress–strain curves under biaxial stress loading conditions. Therefore, a new regression model is proposed in this paper. The highest-order term in the recommended form of the new model is quadratic, so the functional relationships between stress–strain components can be organized into explicit expressions. All the experimental data of the uniform deformation stage can be substituted into the new model to reasonably reproduce the biaxial experimental stress–strain data. The regression results of experimental data show that the regression accuracy of the new model is greatly improved, and the residual square sum SSE of the regression curves of the new model reduced to less than 50% of the existing three models. The regression results of stress–strain curves show significant differences in describing the yield and plastic flow characteristics of anisotropic metal materials, indicating that accurate regression results are crucial for accurately describing the anisotropic yielding and plastic flow behaviors of anisotropic metal materials.
A Group MCP Approach for Structure Identification in Non-Parametric Accelerated Failure Time Additive Regression Model
Authors: Hou Sumin , Lv Hao
Published: November 2023

In biomedical research, identifying genes associated with diseases is of paramount importance. However, only a small fraction of genes are related to specific diseases among the multitude of genes. Therefore, gene selection and estimation are necessary, and the accelerated failure time model is often used to address such issues. Hence, this article presents a method for structural identification and parameter estimation based on a non-parametric additive accelerated failure time model for censored data. Regularized estimation and variable selection are achieved using the Group MCP penalty method. The non-parametric component of the model is approximated using B-spline basis functions, and a group coordinate descent algorithm is employed for model solving. This approach effectively identifies both linear and nonlinear factors in the model. The Group MCP penalty estimation exhibits consistency and oracle properties under regularization conditions, meaning that the selected variable set tends to have a probability of approaching 1 and asymptotically includes the actual predictive factors. Numerical simulations and a lung cancer data analysis demonstrate that the Group MCP method outperforms the Group Lasso method in terms of predictive performance, with the proposed algorithm showing faster convergence rates.
Chemical Composition of Macroalgae Polysaccharides from Galician and Portugal Coasts: Seasonal Variations and Biological Properties
Authors: Miguel Sónia P. , D’Angelo Caíque , Ribeiro Maximiano P. , Simões Rogério , Coutinho Paula
Published: November 2023

Crude polysaccharides extracted from the Codium sp. and Osmundea sp. macroalgae collected in different seasons (winter, spring and summer) from the Galician and North Portugal coasts were characterised, aiming to support their biomedical application to wound healing. An increase in polysaccharides’ sulphate content was registered from winter to summer, and higher values were obtained for Osmundea sp. In turn, the monosaccharide composition constantly changed with a decrease in glucose in Osmundea sp. from spring to winter. For Codium sp., a higher increase was noticed regarding glucose content in the Galician and Portugal coasts. Galactose was the major monosaccharide in all the samples, remaining stable in all seasons and collection sites. These results corroborate the sulphate content and antioxidant activity, since the Osmundea sp.-derived polysaccharides collected in summer exhibited higher scavenging radical ability. The biocompatibility and wound scratch assays revealed that the Osmundea sp. polysaccharide extracted from the Portugal coast in summer possessed more potential for promoting fibroblast migration. This study on seasonal variations of polysaccharides, sulphate content, monosaccharide composition and, consequently, biological properties provides practical guidance for determining the optimal season for algae harvest to standardise preparations of polysaccharides for the biomedical field.