bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Short-Term and Long-Term Effects of Bariatric Surgery on Diabetic Retinopathy: A Systematic Review
Authors: Butkutė Erika , Zieniūtė Monika , Morkūnaitė Agnė , Balčiūnienė Vilma Jūratė
Published: January 2025

Background and Objectives: Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a common diabetes complication and a leading cause of blindness. Although bariatric surgery (BS) is well studied for diabetes management, its effects on DR onset and progression, particularly long-term outcomes, remain underexplored. This review seeks to evaluate the short- and long-term retinal outcomes of BS in diabetic patients. Materials and Methods: A systematic search of PubMed, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library was conducted following PRISMA 2020 guidelines, including the use of the PRISMA checklist and flow diagram. The search included English-language articles (2014–2024) using keywords like “diabetic retinopathy” and “bariatric surgery”. The review excluded studies published in languages other than English, as well as reviews, case reports, and those lacking adequate data or relevance. The risk of bias was determined by using the Downs and Black checklist. A systematic review of the literature was conducted, and the results were organized and displayed in tables to summarize and compare the main findings. Results: After screening 158 articles, 13 studies involving 17,903 patients were selected, focusing on the effects of BS on DR progression and regression. Short-term data suggest that BS may stabilize or improve DR but poses risks of worsening in advanced cases, requiring careful monitoring. However, long-term findings are inconsistent, with evidence of both DR regression and progression. These variations highlight the need for further research. Discussion: BS generally improves DR progression, but its effect depends on preoperative severity and glycemic control. Further studies should explore additional risk factors to better predict DR outcomes post-surgery. Conclusions: BS improves weight management, blood pressure, and diabetes control, potentially benefiting DR. However, the long-term effects remain uncertain due to conflicting findings. Rapid glycemic changes after surgery may pose risks of DR progression. Large-scale, longitudinal studies are needed to clarify the role of BS in DR progression and regression.
Comparison of Proximal Tibiofibular Joint Detachment with Tibial-Sided Osteotomy for Fibular Untethering in Lateral Closing-Wedge High Tibial Osteotomy: A Cadaveric Study
Authors: Cho Ryu Kyoung , Choi Keun Young , Kwak Dai-Soon , Kim Man Soo , In Yong
Published: January 2025

Background and Objectives: Proximal tibiofibular joint detachment (PTFJD) is a fibular untethering procedure during lateral closing-wedge high tibial osteotomy (LCWHTO) for varus knee osteoarthritis. However, the PTFJD procedure is technically demanding, and confirmation of clear joint separation is not straightforward. The aim of this study was to compare the degree of completion and safety of PTFJD versus tibial-sided osteotomy (TSO); this latter procedure is our novel technique for fibular untethering during LCWHTO. Materials and Methods: Sixteen fresh frozen cadaver knees from eight cadavers were included in the study. Among the eight pairs of knees, one knee was randomly assigned to undergo PTFJD and the other knee to undergo TSO, which separates the fibula by osteotomizing the lateral cortex of the proximal tibia at the medial side of the proximal tibiofibular joint for fibular untethering during LCWHTO. After each procedure with LCWHTO, the posterior compartment of each knee was dissected to compare the degree of procedural completion and the distance from the posterior detachment or osteotomy site to posterior neurovascular structures between PTFJD and TSO groups. The pass-through test crossing the separation site from anterior to posterior using an osteotome was also performed to evaluate the protective effect of the muscular structures of the posterior compartment. Results: In the PTFJD group, four of eight cases (50%) showed fibular head fractures rather than division of the proximal tibiofibular joint. In contrast, in all TSO cases, the lateral cortex of the proximal tibia was clearly osteotomized from the medial side of the posterior proximal tibiofibular joint. Distances from the posterior detachment or osteotomy site to the common peroneal nerve, popliteal artery, and anterior tibial artery in the PTFJD and TSO groups were 20.8 ± 3.3 mm and 22.9 ± 3.6 mm (p = 0.382), 11.0 ± 2.4 mm and 9.8 ± 2.8 mm (p = 0.382), and 14.8 ± 1.9 mm and 14.9 ± 2.5 mm (p = 0.721), respectively. In the pass-through test, an osteotome was able to pass anteriorly to posteriorly in all eight PTFJD group cases. However, the osteotome was blocked posteriorly by the popliteus muscle in the TSO group cases, indicating protection of posterior neurovascular structures during the TSO procedure. Conclusions: TSO, a novel fibular untethering procedure for LCWHTO, resulted in clear separation of the fibula from the lateral tibial cortex, and protection of posterior neurovascular structures by the popliteus muscle during the procedure. We anticipate that our novel surgical technique will provide more clear-cut and safer fibular untethering for LCWHTO.
Hybrid Version of the Kedem–Katchalsky–Peusner Equations for Diffusive and Electrical Transport Processes in Membrane
Authors: Ślęzak Andrzej , Grzegorczyn Sławomir M.
Published: January 2025

One of the most important formalisms used to describe membrane transport is Onsager–Peusner thermodynamics (TOP). Within the TOP framework, a procedure has been developed for the transformation of the Kedem–Katchalsky (K–K) equations for the transport of binary electrolytic solutions across a membrane into the Kedem–Katchalsky–Peusner (K–K–P) equations. The membrane system with an Ultra Flo 145 Dialyser membrane used for hemodialysis and aqueous NaCl solutions was used as experimental setup. The H version of K–K–P formalism for binary electrolyte solutions was used to evaluate theoretical coefficients characterizing fluxes of energies and efficiencies for membrane transport processes. The coupling coefficients of membrane processes and the dissipative energy flux were calculated on the basis of the Peusner coefficients obtained from transformation of K–K coefficients. The knowledge of dissipative energy flux, which is a function of thermodynamic forces, allows for the determination of the energy conversions during transport processes in a membrane system. In addition, a frictional interpretation of the obtained coefficients is presented.
Investigation of Chip Morphology in Elliptical Vibration Micro-Turning of Silk Fibroin
Authors: Wang Zhengjian , Luo Xichun , Sun Jining , Xie Wenkun , Piao Yinchuan , Jiang Yonghang , Chen Xiuyuan
Published: January 2025

Silk fibroin, known for its biocompatibility and biodegradability, holds significant promise for biomedical applications, particularly in drug delivery systems. The precise fabrication of silk fibroin particles, specifically those ranging from tens of nanometres to hundreds of microns, is critical for these uses. This study introduces elliptical vibration micro-turning as a method for producing silk fibroin particles in the form of cutting chips to serve as carriers for drug delivery systems. A hybrid finite element and smoothed particle hydrodynamics (FE-SPH) model was used to investigate how vibration parameters, such as frequency and amplitude, influence chip formation and morphology. This research is essential for determining the size and shape of silk fibroin particles, which are crucial for their effectiveness in drug delivery systems. The results demonstrate the superior capability of elliptical vibration micro-turning for producing shorter, spiral-shaped chips in the size range of tens of microns, in contrast to the long, continuous chips with zig-zag folds and segmented edges generated by conventional micro-turning. The unique zig-zag shapes result from the interplay between the high flexibility and hierarchical structure of silk fibroin and the controlled cutting environment provided by the diamond tool. Additionally, higher vibration frequencies and lower vertical amplitudes promote chip curling, facilitate breakage, and improve chip control, while reducing cutting forces. Experimental trials further validate the accuracy of the hybrid model. This study represents a significant advancement in the processing of silk fibroin film, offering a complementary approach to fabricating short, spiral-shaped silk fibroin particles with a high surface-area-to-volume ratio compared to traditional spheroids, which holds great potential for enhancing drug-loading efficiency in high-precision drug delivery systems.
Prevalence and Antibiotic Resistance of Salmonella spp. and Campylobacter spp. Isolated from Retail Chickens in Saudi Arabia
Authors: Aljasir Sulaiman F. , Allam Sahar A.
Published: January 2025

Foodborne pathogens such as Salmonella spp.and Campylobacter spp. pose significant threats to the safety of broiler meat worldwide. However, data on their prevalence in retail chicken meat in Saudi Arabia are scarce. This context mainly concerns the vast poultry market in Saudi Arabia, which may double by 2030. The overall objective of this study was to determine the prevalence and antibiotic resistance of Salmonella spp. and Campylobacter spp. in retail chickens from small, medium-sized, and large production companies in Saudi Arabia. Of the 212 chicken samples tested, Salmonella was detected in 9.3% of samples, all identified as Salmonella enterica serovar Enteritidis. Campylobacter was more prevalent, found in 35.8% of samples, with Campylobacter jejuni accounting for 26.4% and Campylobacter coli for 9.3%. Pathogen prevalence was higher in small-scale than in medium-sized and large producers. Salmonella Enteritidis isolates were resistant to nalidixic acid (90%), amoxicillin-clavulanic acid, and tetracycline (70%). Most Campylobacter coli isolates (90%) exhibited resistance to erythromycin, clindamycin, and gentamicin, followed by tetracycline (80%). Campylobacter jejuni isolates showed high resistance to erythromycin, clindamycin, tetracycline, azithromycin, and nalidixic acid (75–92%). Multidrug resistance (MDR) was observed in all Campylobacter jejuni isolates, 90% of Campylobacter coli isolates, and 70% of Salmonella isolates. These findings underscore the urgent need for adherence to food safety guidelines, particularly in small-scale poultry farms. The pervasive presence of MDR Salmonella spp. and Campylobacter spp. in broiler meat calls for enhanced surveillance, stricter enforcement of food safety practices, and public health initiatives to mitigate the risk of foodborne diseases in Saudi Arabia.
Efflux Pumps and Porins Enhance Bacterial Tolerance to Phenolic Compounds by Inhibiting Hydroxyl Radical Generation
Authors: Sui Xinyue , Guo Likun , Bao Zixian , Xian Mo , Zhao Guang
Published: January 2025

Phenolic compounds are industrially versatile chemicals that have been successfully produced in microbial cell factories. Unfortunately, most phenolic compounds are highly toxic to cells in specific cellular environments or above a particular concentration because they form a complex with iron and promote hydroxyl radical production in Fenton reactions, resulting in the ferroptosis of cells. Here, we demonstrated that overexpression of efflux pumps and porins, including porins LamB and OmpN, and efflux pumps EmrAB, MdtABC, and SrpB, can enhance Escherichia coli phloroglucinol (PG) tolerance by inhibiting the generation of hydroxyl radicals. In addition, LamB and OmpN overexpression improved the bioproduction of PG. Furthermore, efflux pumps and porins can enhance bacterial tolerance to various phenolic compounds, including phenol, catechol, resorcinol, pyrogallol, and 2-naphthol. LamB and MdtABC confer a generalized tolerance to phenols. However, EmrAB, OmpN, and SrpB showed inconsistent effects of bacterial tolerance to different phenolic compounds. Our results will theoretically support the construction of phenolic compound-tolerant bacteria strains, which should be more efficient in the biosynthesis of phenols.
Photodynamic Therapy with Protoporphyrin IX Precursors Using Artificial Daylight Improves Skin Antisepsis for Orthopedic Surgeries
Authors: Schweizer Tiziano A. , Würmli Julia S. , Prinz Julia , Wölfle Maximilian , Marti Roger , Koliwer-Brandl Hendrik , Rooney Ashley M. , Benvenga Vanni , Egli Adrian , Imhof Laurence , Bosshard Philipp P. , Achermann Yvonne
Published: January 2025

Classical preoperative skin antisepsis is insufficient in completely eliminating bacterial skin colonization for arthroplasty. In contrast, photodynamic therapy (PDT) with red light and methyl-aminolevulinate (MAL), combined with skin antisepsis, led to the absence of bacterial growth in healthy participants, though with local skin erythema, posing an obstacle for orthopedic surgery. Therefore, we explored whether artificial daylight PDT (PDT-DL) was superior to red light. Twenty healthy participants were allocated to either 5-aminolevulinic acid-(5-ALA) PDT-DL (n = 10) or MAL-PDT-DL (n = 10) before antisepsis with povidone-iodine/alcohol. Skin swabs from the groin were taken to cultivate bacteria at baseline, after PDT-DL, and after the subsequent antisepsis. Additional swabs were taken on day 4 before and after antisepsis without PDT. The contralateral groin of each participant and of ten additional healthy volunteers served as the control (n = 30). In selected participants, 16S rRNA-based amplicon deep sequencing was performed. All participants showed a baseline bacterial colonization. After a PDT-DL with skin antisepsis, bacterial growth occurred in three (30%) and in one (10%) participants with 5-ALA and MAL, respectively, compared to the sixteen (55%) participants in the control group. On day 4, three (30%) participants per group showed positive cultures post antisepsis. Adverse effects were reported in six (60%) and zero (0%) participants for 5-ALA- and MAL-PDT-DL, respectively. The skin bacteriome changes correlated with the bacterial culture results. The MAL-PDT-DL with skin antisepsis significantly increased bacterial reduction on the skin without adverse effects. This offers an opportunity to prevent infections in arthroplasty patients and reduce antibiotic use, thus contributing to antibiotic stewardship goals emphasized in the One Health approach.
Comparative Genomic Analysis of Campylobacter Plasmids Identified in Food Isolates
Authors: He Yiping , Dykes Gretchen Elizabeth , Kanrar Siddhartha , Liu Yanhong , Gunther Nereus W. , Counihan Katrina L. , Lee Joe , Capobianco Joseph A.
Published: January 2025

Campylobacter is one of the leading bacterial causes of gastroenteritis worldwide. It frequently contaminates poultry and other raw meat products, which are the primary sources of Campylobacter infections in humans. Plasmids, known as important mobile genetic elements, often carry genes for antibiotic resistance, virulence, and self-mobilization. They serve as the main vectors for transferring genetic material and spreading resistance and virulence among bacteria. In this study, we identified 34 new plasmids from 43 C. jejuni and C. coli strains isolated from retail meat using long-read and short-read genome sequencing. Pangenomic analysis of the plasmid assemblies and reference plasmids from GenBank revealed five distinct groups, namely, pTet, pVir, mega plasmids (>80 kb), mid plasmids (~30 kb), and small plasmids (<6 kb). Pangenomic analysis identified the core and accessory genes in each group, indicating a high degree of genetic similarity within groups and substantial diversity between the groups. The pTet plasmids were linked to tetracycline resistance phenotypes in host strains. The mega plasmids carry multiple genes (e.g., aph(3’)-III, type IV and VI secretion systems, and type II toxin–antitoxin systems) important for plasmid mobilization, virulence, antibiotic resistance, and the persistence of Campylobacter. Together, the identification and comprehensive genetic characterization of new plasmids from Campylobacter food isolates contributes to understanding the mechanisms of gene transfer, particularly the spread of genetic determinants of virulence and antibiotic resistance in this important pathogen.
Association Analysis of the Genomic and Functional Characteristics of Halotolerant Glutamicibacter endophyticus J2-5-19 from the Rhizosphere of Suaeda salsa
Authors: Sun Longhao , Sun Shanshan , Liu Tianyang , Lei Xinmin , Liu Ruiqi , Zhang Junyi , Dai Shanshan , Li Jing , Ding Yanqin
Published: January 2025

Halotolerant plant growth-promoting bacteria (HT-PGPB) have attracted considerable attention for their significant potential in mitigating salt stress in crops. However, the current exploration and development of HT-PGPB remain insufficient to meet the increasing demands of agriculture. In this study, an HT-PGPB isolated from coastal saline-alkali soil in the Yellow River Delta was identified as Glutamicibacter endophyticus J2-5-19. The strain was capable of growing in media with up to 13% NaCl and producing proteases, siderophores, and the plant hormone IAA. Under 4‰ salt stress, inoculation with strain J2-5-19 significantly increased the wheat seed germination rate from 37.5% to 95%, enhanced the dry weight of maize seedlings by 41.92%, and notably improved the development of maize root systems. Moreover, this work presented the first whole-genome of Glutamicibacter endophyticus, revealing that G. endophyticus J2-5-19 resisted salt stress by expelling sodium ions and taking up potassium ions through Na+/H+ antiporters and potassium uptake proteins, while also accumulating compatible solutes such as betaine, proline, and trehalose. Additionally, the genome contained multiple key plant growth-promoting genes, including those involved in IAA biosynthesis, siderophore production, and GABA synthesis. The findings provide a theoretical foundation and microbial resources for the development of specialized microbial inoculants for saline-alkali soils.
The Isolation of Lead-Tolerant PGPR from Red Clover Soil and Its Role in Promoting the Growth of Alfalfa
Authors: Nie Wanting , Wu Yuchen , Jiang Jingwen , Wang Zicheng , Mu Meiqi , Zhao Siwen , Yang Minghao , Long Xi , Yin Xiujie , Teng Xiaohua
Published: January 2025

Alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) is an outstanding species used for the remediation of heavy metal-contaminated soil, and our previous research has shown that PGPR can promote plant growth under high-concentration lead stress. This discovery has forced scientists to search for PGPR strains compatible with alfalfa to develop an innovative bioremediation strategy for the remediation of lead-contaminated soil. This study used lead-tolerant rhizosphere soil of red clover as experimental material; cultured, isolated, and screened 52 excellent lead-tolerant bacteria that promote rhizosphere growth; and then inoculated them into alfalfa. Marked differences existed in the secretion of auxin, protease, and ACC deaminase among these strains. The results indicated that Pseudomonas spp. (strain Y2), Pseudomonas spp. (strain Y22), and Bacillus spp. (strain Y23) exhibited a strong growth-promoting ability in alfalfa, and there was no antagonistic reaction among the three strains, enabling their coexistence. The pot experiment manifested that strains Y2, Y22, Y23, and YH (a mixture of Y2, Y22, and Y23) could increase the plant height, root length, fresh and dry weight above ground, and fresh and dry weight below ground of alfalfa. They could all significantly raise the chlorophyll content and antioxidant enzyme activity in alfalfa (p < 0.05) and the content of malondialdehyde (MDA) in alfalfa. Furthermore, the concurrent inoculation of three distinct types of plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) significantly diminished lead (Pb) concentrations in rhizosphere soil, enhanced the levels of available potassium (AK) and available phosphorus (AP), and augmented the capacity of plants to absorb Pb. The results imply that PGPR can be employed to facilitate plant growth and microbial-assisted remediation of lead and other heavy metal-contaminated soil and establish a basis for further research on the growth-promoting mechanism of PGPR in plants.
[(2-Dimesitylboryl)phenyl]ethynyl-Substituted [2.2]Paracyclophane Exhibiting Circularly Polarized Luminescence in Both Solution and Solid-State
Authors: Guo Lianfeng , Zhang Mengyuan , Zhao Cuihua
Published: January 2025

Developing a new type of circularly polarized luminescent active small organic molecule that combines high fluorescence quantum yield and luminescence dissymmetric factor in both solution and solid state is highly challenging but promising. In this context, we designed and synthesized a unique triarylborane-based [2.2]paracyclophane derivative, m-BPhANPh2-Cp, in which an electron-accepting [(2-dimesitylboryl)phenyl]ethynyl group and an electron-donating N,N-diphenylamino group are introduced into two different benzene rings of [2.2]paracyclophane. Owing to the electronic effect of these two substituents, this compound can display charge-transfer emission with large Stokes shifts (∆υ = 4.23 − 8.20 × 103 cm−1) and fair quantum yields (ΦF = 0.15 − 0.37) in solutions. In addition, this compound can emit strong blue fluorescence in the solid state with quantum yields that are even much higher than in solution (ΦF up to 0.64 in powder and spin-coated film). Moreover, the enantiomeric forms of m-BPhANPh2-Cp can show strong CPL signals in both dilute solution and solid state with |glum|s up to 9.6 × 10−3 and 5.4 × 10−3, respectively. Thus, it is possible to achieve tunable CPL from blue to yellow in solution with high BCPLs ranging from 56.7 to 26.6 M−1 cm−1 and intense blue CPL combing high ΦF and |glum| in the solid state.
Ultrasound-Assisted Enzymatic Extraction of the Active Components from Acanthopanax sessiliflorus Stem and Bioactivity Comparison with Acanthopanax senticosus
Authors: You Qiaomu , Ren Yanjun , Li Jiaotong , Zeng Guangnian , Luo Xiongfei , Zheng Chunying , Tang Zhonghua
Published: January 2025

Acanthopanax senticosus (ASC) contains a variety of bioactive compounds and serves as an important traditional Chinese medicinal resource. However, its prolonged growth cycle and reliance on wild populations limit its practical use. To explore the potential of Acanthopanax sessiliflorus (ASF) as an alternative, this study focused on optimizing the extraction process and assessing the bioactivity of stem extracts. The Analytic Hierarchy Process-Entropy Weight Method (AHP-EWM) was applied to comprehensively score five key active compounds in ASF stems, establishing a benchmark for evaluating extraction efficiency. Ultrasound-assisted enzymatic extraction (UAEE) was employed, and orthogonal and response surface experiments were conducted to refine the extraction parameters. The optimal conditions identified were an ultrasound temperature of 59 °C, a duration of 57 min, an ethanol concentration of 61%, and a liquid-to-material ratio of 39:1, resulting in an AHP-EWM composite score of 94.76. Comparative analysis of antibacterial and antioxidant activities revealed that ASC extracts exhibited superior antibacterial effects, while ASF extracts demonstrated enhanced antioxidant properties. These findings support the partial replacement of ASC with ASF, contributing to the conservation of wild resources and expanding the application of ASF in medicinal development.
Structural Modifications Reveal Dual Functions of the C-4 Carbonyl Group in the Fatty Acid Chain of Ipomoeassin F
Authors: Khosravi Arman , Nnamdi Precious , May Alexa , Slattery Kelsey , Sammelson Robert E. , Shi Wei Q.
Published: January 2025

Ipomoeassin F (Ipom-F) is a plant-derived macrocyclic resin glycoside that potently inhibits cancer cell growth through blockage of Sec61-mediated protein translocation at the endoplasmic reticulum. Recently, detailed structural information on how Ipom-F binds to Sec61α was obtained using Cryo-EM, which discovered that polar interactions between asparagine-300 (N300) in Sec61α and four oxygens in Ipom-F are crucial. One of the four oxygens is from the carbonyl group at C-4 of the fatty acid chain. In contrast, our previous structure–activity relationship (SAR) studies suggest that the carbonyl group is not essential. To resolve this discrepancy, we designed and synthesized two new open-chain analogues (10 and 11); 10 without the C-4 carbonyl had a dramatic activity loss, whereas 11 with an amide functional group was even more potent than Ipom-F. These new SAR data, in conjunction with some previous SAR information, imply two functional roles of the C-4 carbonyl: (1) to form H-bonds with N300; and (2) to regulate interactions of the fatty acid chain with membrane lipids. Impacts of these dual functions on antiproliferation depend on the overall structure of an Ipom-F derivative. Moreover, 11 can serve as a lead compound for developing future amino acid/peptide-modified analogues of Ipom-F with improved therapeutic properties.
Screening of Solvent Systems for Countercurrent Chromatography Separation of Polar Constituents from Ginkgo biloba L. Seeds
Authors: Hu Ruxi , Liu Zhuo , Zhou Yi , Tian Peng , Li Luqi , Yang Zhi , Ma Yatuan
Published: January 2025

The separation of large polar constituents presents a substantial challenge in natural product research when employing column chromatography techniques, as the process is both complex and time-consuming. In this study, an acetonitrile/tetrahydrofuran/di-(2-ethylhexyl) phosphoric acid/aqueous saturated sodium chloride solvent system was developed and utilized for the countercurrent chromatography of polar constituents from Ginkgo biloba L. seeds. Five polar constituents were effectively isolated using an acetonitrile/tetrahydrofuran/di-(2-ethylhexyl) phosphoric acid/aqueous saturated sodium chloride (2:2:0.8:3, v/v) solvent system using a two-step countercurrent chromatography method. In the initial countercurrent chromatography process, three constituents were successfully purified from the methanol extract: compound 1, compound 4, and compound 5. Compounds 2 and 3, co-eluted from the column, were further subjected to three inner-recycling chromatographic procedures. At last, five constituents were purified and identified, including 4′-O-methylpyridoxine (1); two indole alkaloid N-glucosides, ginkgoside B (2) and ginkgoside A (3); 2-(4-hydroxybenzyl) malic acid (4); and coniferyl alcohol (5). The results demonstrated that the acetonitrile/tetrahydrofuran/di-(2-ethylhexyl) phosphoric acid/aqueous saturated sodium chloride solvent system serves as a feasible system for the efficient countercurrent chromatography separation of polar components.
New Insights on Quality, Safety, Nutritional, and Nutraceutical Properties of Honeydew Honeys from Italy
Authors: Mara Andrea , Mainente Federica , Soursou Vasiliki , Picó Yolanda , Perales Iratxe , Ghorab Asma , Sanna Gavino , Borrás-Linares Isabel , Zoccatelli Gianni , Ciulu Marco
Published: January 2025

Honeydew honey is less studied than nectar honey, although it is characterized by peculiar nutritional properties. This is mainly due to its challenging production, which leads to easy counterfeiting and difficult valorization. This contribution aims to provide a comprehensive characterization of the physico-chemical, palynological, functional, and food safety properties of a large sampling of honeydew honeys collected throughout Italy. The honeydew elements, conductivity, color, antioxidant properties, total polyphenol content, hydroxymethylfurfural, major and trace elements, toxic and rare earth elements, and pesticide residues were measured in 59 samples of honeydew honey from forest, eucalyptus, fir, oak, and citrus sources. Physico-chemical and antioxidant properties were unable to differentiate the botanical origin of Italian honeydew honeys. Similarly, the mineral composition did not vary significantly, whereas rare earth elements appeared to be promising markers for classifying their origin. Multivariate analysis allowed discriminating fir honeydews from the other varieties. Concerning safety aspects, pesticide residues were detected in 90% of the samples, with fir honeydews exhibiting the lowest contamination levels, probably due to its production in less industrialized areas. Acetamiprid and imidacloprid were the most prevalent pesticide residues, but their concentrations were below the limit indicated by the EFSA. These findings suggest the need for a continuous monitoring program for contaminants to ensure safety and to assess risk.
An Electrochemical Dopamine Assay with Cobalt Oxide Palatinose Carbon Dots
Authors: Nepal Ram Chandra , Seven Elif S. , Leblanc Roger M. , Chusuei Charles C.
Published: January 2025

Elevated dopamine (DA) levels in urine denote neuroblastoma, a pediatric cancer. Saccharide-derived carbon dots (CDs) were applied to assay DA detection in simulated urine (SU) while delineating the effects of graphene defect density on electrocatalytic activity. CDs were hydrothermally synthesized to vary graphene defect densities using sucrose, raffinose, and palatinose, depositing them onto glassy carbon electrodes (GCEs). Co3O4 nanoparticles (NPs) were encapsulated by the CDs. Cyclic (CV) and linear sweep (LSV) voltammetry measurements were obtained, drop-casting the CDs onto GCEs and measuring DA in a phosphate-buffer solution (pH = 7). DA had an oxidation peak at +0.2 V with SucCDs, with the highest current correlating with the highest defect density. PalCD-Co3O4 exhibited the largest signal for DA detection in simulated urine (SU) using the oxidation peak at +0.5 V; the composite had a lower defect density compared to SucCD-Co3O4. The Co3O4-PalCDs had a DA detection range of 1 to 90 µM with an LOD of 0.88 μM in SU. SEM-EDX analysis of the electrode surface revealed semi-spherical structures with an average particle diameter of 80 ± 19 nm (n = 347) with PalCDs decorating the Co3O4 NPs. XRD characterization showed the incorporation of PalCD and Co3O4 within the composite. XPS showed electron density donation from the PalCD to Co3O4.
Anisotropic Elasticity, Spin–Orbit Coupling, and Topological Properties of ZrTe2 and NiTe2: A Comparative Study for Spintronic and Nanoscale Applications
Authors: Fazeli Yasaman , Nourbakhsh Zahra , Yalameha Shahram , Vashaee Daryoosh
Published: January 2025

The present work investigates the interfacial and atomic layer-dependent mechanical properties, SOC-entailing phonon band structure, and comprehensive electron-topological–elastic integration of ZrTe2 and NiTe2. The anisotropy of Young’s modulus, Poisson’s ratio, and shear modulus are analyzed using density functional theory with the TB-mBJ approximation. NiTe2 has higher mechanical property values and greater anisotropy than ZrTe2. Phonon dispersion analysis with SOC effects predicts the dynamic stability of both compounds. Thus, the current research unifies electronic band structure analysis, topological characterization, and elastic property calculation to reveal how these transition metal dichalcogenides are influenced by their structural, electronic, and mechanical properties. The results obtained in this work can be used in the further development of spintronic and nanoelectronic devices.
The Interplay Between Gut Microbiota, Adipose Tissue, and Migraine: A Narrative Review
Authors: Biagioli Valentina , Mela Federica , Ferraro Paola , Villano Gianmichele , Orsini Alessandro , Diana Maria Cristina , Striano Pasquale , Santangelo Andrea
Published: January 2025

Background: Migraine, a prevalent neurovascular disorder, affects millions globally and is associated with significant morbidity. Emerging evidence suggests a crucial role of the gut microbiota and adipose tissue in the modulation of migraine pathophysiology, particularly through mechanisms involving neuroinflammation and metabolic regulation. Material and Methods: A narrative review of the literature from 2000 to 2024 was conducted using the PubMed database. Studies addressing the relationships between microbiota, adipose tissue, and migraine—including dietary interventions and their impact—were analyzed. Results: The findings highlight a bidirectional gut–brain axis, with gut microbiota influencing neuroinflammation via metabolites such as short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs). Obesity exacerbates migraine severity through chronic inflammation and the dysregulation of adipocytokines like leptin and adiponectin. Dietary patterns, such as low glycemic index diets and Mediterranean diets, and the use of prebiotics, probiotics, and postbiotics show potential in migraine management. Conclusions: This review underscores the need for integrative approaches targeting the microbiota–gut–brain axis and adipose tissue in migraine therapy. Future studies should explore longitudinal effects and personalized interventions to optimize outcomes.
A Pilot Study Exploring the Relationship Between Milk Composition and Microbial Capacity in Breastfed Infants
Authors: Fricker Ashwana D. , Sejane Kristija , Desai Mina , Snyder Michael W. , Duran Luis , Mackelprang Rachel , Bode Lars , Ross Michael G. , Flores Gilberto E.
Published: January 2025

Background: Maternal obesity may contribute to childhood obesity in a myriad of ways, including through alterations of the infant gut microbiome. For example, maternal obesity may contribute both directly by introducing a dysbiotic microbiome to the infant and indirectly through the altered composition of human milk that fuels the infant gut microbiome. In particular, indigestible human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs) are known to shape the composition of the infant gut microbiome. The goal of this study was to characterize the HMO profiles of normal-weight and overweight mothers and to quantitatively link HMO concentrations to the taxonomic composition and functional potential of the infant gut microbiome. Methods: Normal-weight (BMI = 18.5–24.9; n = 9) and overweight/obese (OW/OB; BMI > 25; n = 11) breastfeeding mothers and their infants were enrolled in this single-center, cross-sectional pilot study. Human milk from the mothers and rectal stool swabs from the infants were collected 7–9 weeks postpartum. The HMO composition, microbiome composition, and microbial functions were assessed using HPLC, 16S rRNA gene sequencing, and metagenomic sequencing, respectively. Results: Neither the HMO profiles nor the infant microbiome composition varied according to maternal BMI status. Taxonomically, the gut microbiota of infants were dominated by typical gut lineages including Bifidobacterium. Significant correlations between individual HMOs and bacterial genera were identified, including for Prevotella, a genus of the Bacteroidota phylum that was positively correlated with the concentrations of lacto-N-neotetraose (LNnT) and lacto-N-hexaose (LNH). Using metagenomic assembled genomes, we were also able to identify the broad HMO-degradative capacity across the Bifidobacterium and Prevotella genera. Conclusions: These results suggest that the maternal BMI status does not impact the HMO profiles of human milk. However, select HMOs were correlated with specific bacterial taxa, suggesting that the milk composition influences both the taxonomic composition and the functional capacity of the infant gut microbiome.
Nutrient–Nutrient Interactions Among Broccoli Glucosinolates and Their Implications for Breeding Cruciferous Crops to Enhance Human Health
Authors: Bussler Weston , DeZego Katelyn , Chandler Holli , Reid Robert W. , Komarnytsky Slavko
Published: January 2025

While a balanced diet can fulfill most nutritional needs, optimizing the composition of specific foods like broccoli can amplify their health benefits. Background/Objectives: Broccoli (Brassica oleracea L. Italica group) is a widely consumed cruciferous vegetable valued for its gastrointestinal and immune health benefits. However, the individual contributions and interactions of broccoli glucosinolates, as they hydrolyze into bioactive isothiocyanates, remain poorly understood. Methods: This study investigated mixtures of four major aliphatic glucosinolates—glucoraphanin, gluconapin, progoitrin, and sinigrin—in individual and combinational models to assess their effects on human colorectal cell proliferation. Results: Combination index analysis revealed moderate to strong antagonistic interactions among these glucosinolates, with the most significant antagonism observed during enzymatic hydrolysis by myrosinase. Mixture analysis identified an optimal glucosinolate ratio including glucoraphanin (81–84%), gluconapin (9–19%), and others (0–7%) to maximize their antiproliferative effects (adjusted R2 > 0.80). This optimal profile was achievable within the target broccoli mapping population. Testing the near-optimal VB067 isogenic broccoli line showed a 44% increase in antiproliferative activity compared to the initial breeding parent or an average sister line. Conclusions: This study highlights the potential of leveraging nutrient–nutrient interactions to guide molecular breeding and produce functional varieties of cruciferous vegetables with optimized health benefits.
The Role of Meat Lipids in Nutrition and Health: Balancing Benefits and Risks
Authors: Prates José A. M.
Published: January 2025

Meat lipids are determinants of the nutritional, sensory and physiological qualities of meat, encompassing triglycerides, phospholipids, cholesterol and bioactive compounds. These lipids provide essential fatty acids, including omega-3 and omega-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids, critical for metabolic regulation, inflammation control and cognitive health. However, the dual role of meat lipids as essential nutrients and potential contributors to health risks, such as cardiovascular disease and oxidative stress, necessitates a nuanced understanding. This review evaluates meat lipids’ biochemical diversity, nutritional contributions and health implications, balancing their benefits and risks. It examines factors influencing lipid composition, including species, diet and processing methods, emphasising strategies such as omega-3 enrichment and antioxidant supplementation to enhance lipid quality. Advances in functional meat products, such as hybrid formulations combining plant and animal lipids, are highlighted for their potential to improve health outcomes. Emerging technologies in lipidomics provide deeper insights into lipid oxidation pathways and nutritional profiling, aiding in the development of safer, higher-quality meat products. By synthesising recent evidence, this review offers insights into dietary guidelines, optimises consumer choices and informs sustainable meat production practices aligned with public health and environmental goals.
An Explainable CNN and Vision Transformer-Based Approach for Real-Time Food Recognition
Authors: Nfor Kintoh Allen , Theodore Armand Tagne Poupi , Ismaylovna Kenesbaeva Periyzat , Joo Moon-Il , Kim Hee-Cheol
Published: January 2025

Background: Food image recognition, a crucial step in computational gastronomy, has diverse applications across nutritional platforms. Convolutional neural networks (CNNs) are widely used for this task due to their ability to capture hierarchical features. However, they struggle with long-range dependencies and global feature extraction, which are vital in distinguishing visually similar foods or images where the context of the whole dish is crucial, thus necessitating transformer architecture. Objectives: This research explores the capabilities of the CNNs and transformers to build a robust classification model that can handle both short- and long-range dependencies with global features to accurately classify food images and enhance food image recognition for better nutritional analysis. Methods: Our approach, which combines CNNs and Vision Transformers (ViTs), begins with the RestNet50 backbone model. This model is responsible for local feature extraction from the input image. The resulting feature map is then passed to the ViT encoder block, which handles further global feature extraction and classification using multi-head attention and fully connected layers with pre-trained weights. Results: Our experiments on five diverse datasets have confirmed a superior performance compared to the current state-of-the-art methods, and our combined dataset leveraging complementary features showed enhanced generalizability and robust performance in addressing global food diversity. We used explainable techniques like grad-CAM and LIME to understand how the models made their decisions, thereby enhancing the user’s trust in the proposed system. This model has been integrated into a mobile application for food recognition and nutrition analysis, offering features like an intelligent diet-tracking system. Conclusion: This research paves the way for practical applications in personalized nutrition and healthcare, showcasing the extensive potential of AI in nutritional sciences across various dietary platforms.
Maternal and Infant Characteristics and Pumping Profiles of Women That Predominantly Pump Milk for Their Infants
Authors: Gridneva Zoya , Warden Ashleigh H. , McEachran Jacki L. , Perrella Sharon L. , Lai Ching Tat , Geddes Donna T.
Published: January 2025

Background: Whilst it is inconvenient and time-intensive, predominantly (PP) and exclusively pumping (EP) mothers rely on breast expression to provide milk for their infants and to ensure continued milk supply, yet these populations are poorly understood. Methods: We assessed and characterised Western Australian PP mothers (n = 93) regarding 24 h milk production (MP) and infant milk intake and demographics, perinatal complications and breastfeeding difficulties, the frequencies of which were compared with published general population frequencies. Pumping efficacy and milk flow parameters during a pumping session in PP mothers (n = 32) were compared with those that pump occasionally (reference group, n = 60). Results: PP mothers had a higher frequency of pregnancy complications and breastfeeding difficulties than the general population. Exclusive pumping did not impact the 24 h MP and the amount of milk available to the infant. PP mothers had more milk ejections, longer active flow duration and lower milk removal efficacy ratios; however, responsiveness to pump (time to first milk ejection), total flow duration, time to stop pumping, percentage of available milk removed and comfort parameters were not different to the reference group. Conclusions: Despite the reported challenges, when an effective pump is used, predominant or exclusive pumping does not negatively affect the 24 h MP and the amount of milk available to the infant. Increasing awareness of the impacts of perinatal and breastfeeding complications on women may assist health professionals in early identification of mothers at high risk for early cessation of breastfeeding, escalating early postpartum intervention and targeted breastfeeding support.
Adherence and Body Weight with Daily Avocado Consumption Among Latina Women of the Habitual Diet and Avocado Trial (HAT)
Authors: Luong Tiffany Q. , Adeyemo Mopelola A. , Kris-Etherton Penny M. , Lichtenstein Alice H. , Matthan Nirupa R. , Petersen Kristina S. , Reboussin David M. , Sabaté Joan , Li Zhaoping
Published: January 2025

Objectives: The aim of this study was to examine the adherence, changes in weight, and, waist circumference associated with the daily consumption of a culturally preferred food, namely an avocado, among Hispanic/Latina females in the Habitual Diet and Avocado Trial (HAT). Methods: HAT was a multisite, randomized controlled trial conducted between 2018 and 2020. Participants in the Avocado-Supplemented Diet Group were provided with and instructed to consume one avocado/day (~2.2 servings) for 6 months; participants in the Habitual Diet Group were instructed to follow their usual diet and limit intake to ≤2 avocados/month. Avocado consumption was assessed using three random 24 h dietary recalls administered by dietitians. This analysis focused on women who self-identified as Hispanic/Latina. Results: Within HAT, 158 females self-identified as Hispanic/Latina (median age: 42 years, IQR: 36–54). Across the dietary recalls, the Avocado-Supplemented Group (n = 80) consumed 1.9–2.1 avocado servings/day; the Habitual Diet Group (n = 78) consumed 0.04–0.09 servings/day (p < 0.001). The weight and waist circumference measurements were similar between groups. Hispanic/Latina females remained adherent to daily avocado consumption for the 6-month study period, without a significant change in their body weight or waist circumference measurements. Conclusions: Integrating a culturally preferred food into a dietary intervention enhanced adherence amongst Latina adults, with no impact significant impact on body composition.
Maternal Vitamin D Deficiency Is a Risk Factor for Infants’ Epigenetic Gestational Age Acceleration at Birth in Japan: A Cohort Study
Authors: Kawai Tomoko , Jwa Seung Chik , Ogawa Kohei , Tanaka Hisako , Aoto Saki , Kamura Hiromi , Morisaki Naho , Fujiwara Takeo , Hata Kenichiro
Published: January 2025

Background/Objectives: The DNA methylation of neonatal cord blood can be used to accurately estimate gestational age. This is known as epigenetic gestational age. The greater the difference between epigenetic and chronological gestational age, the greater the association with an inappropriate perinatal fetal environment and development. Maternal vitamin D deficiency is common in Japan. The aim of this study was to investigate the associations between maternal serum vitamin D levels and epigenetic gestational age acceleration at birth in Japan. Methods: The data were obtained from the hospital-based birth cohort study conducted at the National Center for Child Health and Development in Tokyo, Japan. Maternal blood was collected in the second trimester to measure the serum vitamin D concentration. Cord blood was collected at birth to measure serum vitamin D and to extract DNA. DNA methylation was assessed using an Illumina methylation EPIC array. Epigenetic gestational age was calculated using the “methylclock” R package. Linear regression analysis was performed to see associations. Results: Maternal serum vitamin D levels in the second trimester were negatively associated with epigenetic gestational age acceleration at birth when calculated by Bohlin’s method (regression coefficient [95% CI]: −0.022 [−0.039, −0.005], n = 157), which was still significant after considering infants’ sex (−0.022 [−0.039, −0.005]). Cord blood serum vitamin D levels were not associated with epigenetic age acceleration. Maternal age at delivery and birth height were associated in positive and negative ways with epigenetic gestational age acceleration, respectively (0.048 [0.012, 0.085] and −0.075 [−0.146, −0.003]). Conclusions: Maternal vitamin D deficiency was related to an infant’s epigenetic gestational age acceleration at birth. These findings suggest that the association between fetal development and maternal vitamin D levels may involve the fetal epigenetic regulation of the fetus.