bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Strategy to Identify the Learning Needs of Staff Nurses
Authors: Banfield Valerie A , Brooks Elaine , Brown Janis , Mason Beverley Palmer , Miller Dawn M , Smith Donna L , Wong Petula
Published: March 2020

ABSTRACT

Rapidly changing technology and the trend toward specialization make continuing education (CE) vital for today's nurses. Various methods to assess CE needs of nurses are described in the literature. This article outlines an assessment strategy implemented to determine staff nurses' perceptions of their learning needs. In addition, head nurses and clinical directors were surveyed regarding their perceptions of the staff nurses' learning needs. The chosen strategy used limited resources to contact a large number of nurses within a short time frame. Results indicated that the three groups surveyed perceived similar learning needs for staff nurses.
“O you little lovable best friend”: Writing Friendship in the Age of Enlightenment
Authors: Heinrich Tobias
Published: March 2020

This article examines the various discursive strands converging within the cult of friendship in mid-eighteenth-century German culture. Following Christian Fürchtegott Gellert’s “Vier und zwanzigste Moralische Vorlesung” (Twenty-fourth Moral Lecture), it explores a programme of virtue that no longer follows religious values, but is informed by the enlightened paradigm of reason, and the redeeming of this idea within the framework of interpersonal relationships. The second half of the article investigates the relationship between friendship and the epistolary correspondence culture in the eighteenth century, illuminating the practices and artefacts of friendship communication.
La relación entre Inteligencia de Negocio e Inteligencia Competitiva: un análisis retrospectivo y bibliométrico de la literatura de 1959 a 2017
Authors: López-Robles José Ricardo , Otegi-Olaso José Ramón , Porto-Gómez Igone , Gamboa-Rosales Hamurabi , Gamboa-Rosales Nadia Karina
Published: March 2020

Actualmente, las organizaciones se encuentran inmersas en escenarios complejos y variables, pero sobre todo intensos en la producción, demanda y consumo de datos, información y conocimiento. Esto les ha llevado a desarrollar e incorporar modelos de inteligencia que mejoren su competitividad a través de la definición, recopilación, análisis, utilización y diseminación de información. No obstante, la complejidad de los escenarios y la diversidad de las organizaciones hace que no exista un modelo único de inteligencia, siendo la Inteligencia de Negocio e Inteligencia Competitiva los más difundidos y utilizados. En este sentido, este trabajo analiza los documentos disponibles en Scopus desde 1959 hasta 2017 sobre estos modelos, identificando las áreas temáticas más representativas, relaciones y evolución, estableciendo las bases para la integración de estos modelos bajo un mismo marco organizacional. Para ello, se ha evaluado su productividad y elaborado sus mapas científicos a través del uso de técnicas y herramientas bibliométricas.
Redes académicas en la investigación en Comunicación en Chile: análisis de co-autorías en el trabajo científico
Authors: Lazcano-Peña Daniela , Reyes-Lillo Danilo
Published: March 2020

Se presenta una mirada al campo de la investigación en Comunicación en Chile desde el análisis de sus redes de colaboración académica, operacionalizado a través de la caracterización de las co-autorías de 57 proyectos de investigación financiados con fondos públicos, entre los años 2010 y 2016, y una muestra de 417 artículos académicos publicados en revistas científicas nacionales e internacionales del área entre 2010 y 2018. Estos resultados se complementan, desde una perspectiva cualitativa, con entrevistas sobre la valoración del trabajo en red, aplicadas a una muestra de investigadores e investigadoras vinculadas al área en Chile. Como principales resultados se observa una predisposición positiva al trabajo en red, pero dificultado por las actuales condiciones de exigencia a la productividad científica, en que se desarrolla el trabajo académico hoy.
El impacto disruptivo del libro electrónico sobre la cadena de valor editorial española: un estudio de casos
Authors: Magadán-Díaz Marta , Rivas-García Jesús I.
Published: March 2020

El presente trabajo analiza el impacto disruptivo de la aparición del libro electrónico sobre la cadena de valor en la industria editorial española. Se lleva a cabo un estudio de casos de tres empresas editoriales españolas. Los principales resultados obtenidos son: a) el desarrollo del libro electrónico no incentiva a la editorial a reducir su producción de libro en papel sino que complementa dicha actividad tradicional, b) el desarrollo del libro electrónico incentiva a la editorial a redefinir su cadena de valor para integrar el nuevo producto, c) el nuevo contexto digital abre a las editoriales españolas la posibilidad de obtener ventajas derivadas de la desintermediación, y d) los modelos de negocio existentes en editoriales ya consolidadas deben ser repensados para adaptarlos al libro electrónico, lo que puede implicar una apuesta por mantener ambos formatos -papel y electrónico- o por la renuncia al papel, transitando hacia un modelo exclusivamente dedicado al libro electrónico.
Compromiso de las empresas españolas del Dow Jones Sustainability World Index 2018 con la divulgación de información responsable
Authors: Pache Durán María , Nevado Gil María Teresa
Published: March 2020

La Responsabilidad Social Corporativa se ha convertido a día de hoy en un hecho imprescindible en las estrategias corporativas que siguen las empresas a causa de las exigencias de sus stakeholders o agentes de interés. Ello, sumado a la importancia de la divulgación de información con motivo de la transparencia que demanda la sociedad, hace necesario el estudio de las empresas en este campo. El objetivo del presente estudio se centra en analizar la información sobre Responsabilidad Social Corporativa que ofrecen las empresas españolas pertenecientes al Dow Jones Sustainability World Index 2018 a través de sus sitios web, utilizando la técnica de análisis de contenido.
Experiencia de búsqueda en cibermedios: análisis comparativo de diarios nativos digitales
Authors: Lopezosa Carlos , Iglesias-García Mar , González-Díaz Cristina , Codina Lluís
Published: March 2020

El objetivo principal de este estudio es el análisis de los componentes que proporcionan buscabilidad y visibilidad a los diarios nativos digitales en Internet, bajo el concepto unificador de la experiencia de búsqueda. La metodología empleada es el análisis comparativo del así llamado Search Experience Optimization (SXO) de un grupo de medios digitales. En concreto, se han analizado eldiario.es, publico.es, elconfidencial.com, elespanol.com, huffingtonpost.es, infolibre.es, libertaddigital.com y vozpopuli.com. Para llevar a cabo este análisis utilizamos el protocolo de estudio denominado PAXBCM. Gracias a este análisis hemos podido mapear e identificar diferentes grados de cumplimiento de la SXO por parte de los cibermedios analizados, siendo libertaddigital.com el que presenta mejores resultados globales. Todos los medios analizados presentan oportunidades de mejora en diversos aspectos, especialmente en la velocidad de carga, el uso de contenido multimedia, la accesibilidad y la buscabilidad.
Enriqueciendo la investigación en humanidades digitales. Análisis de textos de claustros académicos de la Universidad de Valencia (1775-1779) con KH Coder
Authors: Blasco-Gil Yolanda , González Luis M. , Pavón-Romero Armando , Mercado-Estrada Mariano , Pavón-Romero Carlos , Cabrera Ana M. , Garzón-Farinós Fernanda , Peset Fernanda
Published: March 2020

La aplicación de métodos automatizados en cualquier investigación ha facilitado el trasvase de metodologías de una disciplina a otra, permitiendo realizar análisis cuantitativos a textos con estructura o semiestructurados. El objeto de este trabajo es aplicar a un dataset en lenguaje natural -castellano del siglo XVIII- métodos de análisis de la disciplina de documentación. Pretende establecer una metodología automática de análisis cuantitativo y cualitativo de textos, que permita enriquecer en el futuro las conclusiones procedentes del análisis histórico tradicional. Este estudio construye los procedimientos necesarios para poder aplicar análisis de frecuencia, extracción y clasificación de palabras y la construcción de clústeres y redes neuronales con un dataset preexistente, de características muy singulares. Permite validar diferentes utilidades de herramientas y automatizar parte del trabajo de los historiadores, para la edición de los corpus documentales de los claustros universitarios.
A Simplest, Cheapest and Most Efficienct Technique to Enhance the Performance of Solid State Dye-Sensitized Solar Cell: Deposition of Purple Seaweed as a Photosensitizer
Authors: Ghazali Salmah Mohd , Salleh Hasiah , Dagang Ahmad Nazri , Nik Ali Nik Aziz , Ishak Nurhayati , Kamaruzaman Nurul Huda , Mohd Ghazali Mohd Sabri , Md Daud Mohd Norizam , Ali Nora’aini
Published: March 2020

Solid state dye-sensitized solar cell (ss-DSSC) was developed to overcome the problem arise from electrolyte leakage in liquid state dye-sensitized solar cell. This work focused on the fabrication of ss-DSSC based on inorganic semiconductor of titania and organic conducting polymer of poly (3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT) and natural dyes from purple seaweed (PS dyes) via electrochemical, spin coating and dip coating method, respectively. The absorption spectrum and functional group of PS dyes were investigated using UV-Visible absorption spectroscopy and Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy; respectively. Meanwhile, the effect of immersion time of PS dyes on performance of the device was studied via current density-voltage (J-V) characteristic. PS dye was absorbed in a wide range of solar spectrum in visible and near-IR region by chlorophyll a, phycocyanin and zeaxanthin pigments exists in the PS dyes. The present of carboxylic groups in PS dyes which bound to P3HT and formed P3HT-COOH enable the linkage to TiO2 surface which helps in the transfer of electrons from natural dyes to the conduction band of TiO2 film. The highest efficiency obtained was 1.44% at 10 minutes time of immersion. This concludes that PS dyes was a good photosensitizer and can be applied in ss-DSSC.
Effect of Li Substitution in MgO Nanostructured on Band Gap Energy via Combustion Synthesis Method
Authors: Chayed Nor Fadilah , Badar Nurhanna , Elong Kelimah , Kamarulzaman Norlida
Published: March 2020

Preparation of MgO and Mg0.9Li0.2O materials using self-propagating combustion method are done to investigate the effect of substitution doping on the band gap energy. The synthesis condition has been optimized to obtain pure and single phase of MgO and Mg0.9Li0.2O materials and was confirmed by X-Ray Diffraction (XRD). The morphology obtained from field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) is spherical and rounded polyhedral shape with agglomeration of crystallites for MgO and Mg0.9Li0.2O materials respectively. The crystallite size of MgO and Mg0.9 Li0.2O samples is between 50 nm to 120 nm and 200 nm to 1500 nm respectively. The band gap was determined by UV-Vis NIR spectrophotometer and it was found that the band gap obtained for MgO nanostructure is 6.10 eV which is lower than bulk MgO of 7.8 eV. The presence of Li in the MgO had caused changes in morphology, crystallite size and band gap narrowing to 3.83 eV.
TRAF5 Deficiency Ameliorates the Severity of Dextran Sulfate Sodium Colitis by Decreasing TRAF2 Expression in Nonhematopoietic Cells
Authors: Phung Hai The , Nagashima Hiroyuki , Kobayashi Shuhei , Asano Naoki , Machiyama Tomoaki , Sakurai Tsuyoshi , Tayama Shunichi , Asao Atsuko , Imatani Akira , Kawabe Takeshi , Okuyama Yuko , Ishii Naoto , So Takanori
Published: March 2020

TNFR-associated factor 5 (TRAF5) is a cytosolic adaptor protein and functions as an inflammatory regulator. However, the in vivo function of TRAF5 remains unclear, and how TRAF5 controls inflammatory responses in the intestine is not well understood. In this study, we found that intestinal epithelial cells from Traf5−/− mice expressed a significantly lower level of NF-κB–regulated proinflammatory genes, such as Tnf, Il6, and Cxcl1, as early as day 3 after dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) exposure when compared with wild-type mice. The intestinal barrier integrity of DSS-treated Traf5−/− mice remained intact at this early time point, and Traf5−/− mice showed decreased body weight loss and longer colon length at later time points. Surprisingly, the protein level of TRAF2, but not TRAF3, was reduced in colon tissues of Traf5−/− mice after DSS, indicating the requirement of TRAF5 for TRAF2 protein stability in the inflamed colon. Experiments with bone marrow chimeras confirmed that TRAF5 deficiency in nonhematopoietic cells caused the attenuated colitis. Our in vitro experiments demonstrated that proinflammatory cytokines significantly promoted the degradation of TRAF2 protein in Traf5−/− nonhematopoietic cells in a proteasome-dependent manner. Collectively, our data suggest a novel regulatory function of TRAF5 in supporting the proinflammatory function of TRAF2 in nonhematopoietic cells, which may be important for acute inflammatory responses in the intestine.
Bacteremia Caused by Extended-Spectrum Beta-Lactamase–Producing Enterobacteriaceae in Vientiane, Lao PDR: A 5-Year Study
Authors: Chang Ko , Rattanavong Sayaphet , Mayxay Mayfong , Keoluangkhot Valy , Davong Viengmon , Vongsouvath Manivanh , Luangraj Manophab , Simpson Andrew J. H. , Newton Paul N. , Dance David A. B.
Published: March 2020

Although there has been an increasing incidence of bacteremia caused by extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL)–producing Enterobacteriaceae (ESBL-E) across South East Asia, there are sparse data from the Lao PDR, where laboratory capacity for antimicrobial resistance surveillance is limited. We, therefore, retrospectively reviewed bacteremia caused by ESBL-producing Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae between 2010 and 2014 at Mahosot Hospital, Vientiane, Lao PDR. Clinical and laboratory data relating to all episodes of ESBL-E bacteremia were reviewed over the 5-year period and compared with non–ESBL-E bacteremia. Blood cultures positive for E. coli or K. pneumoniae were identified retrospectively from laboratory records. Clinical and laboratory data were extracted from research databases and case notes and analyzed using STATA. Between 2010 and 2014, we identified 360 patients with E. coli (n = 249) or K. pneumoniae (n = 111) bacteremia, representing 34.8% of all patients with clinically significant bacteremia. Seventy-two (20%) isolates produced ESBL; E. coli accounted for 15.3% (55/360) and K. pneumoniae for 4.7% (17/360), respectively. The incidence of ESBL-producing E. coli bacteremia rose during the study period. By multiple logistic analysis, reported antibiotic use in the previous week was significantly associated with ESBL positivity (P < 0.001, odds ratio 3.89). Although multiresistant, most ESBL-producing E. coli and K. pneumoniae remained susceptible to meropenem (65/65; 100%) and amikacin (64/65; 98.5%). We demonstrated an alarming increase in the incidence of ESBL-E as a cause of bacteremia in Vientiane during the study period. This has implications for empiric therapy of sepsis in Laos, and ongoing surveillance is essential.
Designing a Food Hygiene Intervention in Low-Income, Peri-Urban Context of Kisumu, Kenya: Application of the Trials of Improved Practices Methodology
Authors: Simiyu Sheillah , Czerniewska Alexandra , Aseyo Evalyne R. , Baker Kelly K. , Cumming Oliver , Odhiambo Mumma Jane Awiti , Dreibelbis Robert
Published: March 2020

Food contamination during weaning and complementary feeding can result in high diarrheal incidence among infants. Caregiver practices are important determinants of exposure to foodborne pathogens, and can therefore play a role in reduction in infant food contamination. Through a qualitative approach, we used the Trials of Improved Practices methodology to design a food hygiene intervention in a low-income settlement of Kisumu city in Kenya. These settlements in Kisumu city host a large portion of the city’s population and are faced with a high diarrheal disease burden. Caregivers were selected if they had a child aged 6–9 months, and together, we codesigned a combination of hardware and messaging components targeting handwashing with soap, hygienic feeding, reheating, and hygienic storage of infant food. Caregivers received up to six engagement visits with the research team. The visits were aimed at improving the designed hardware and messaging components. Results showed that feeding items were easily adopted by caregivers, whereas reheating of food was less observed. Households reportedly improved their food storage and handwashing practices. As a result, the hardware components were further refined and tested among the caregivers. Messaging components spurred the aspirations that caregivers had for their children and acted as reminders of practicing good food hygiene. The outcomes of the codesign process provided valuable insights on the knowledge of caregivers, a delivery approach for implementing the intervention, and further informed a subsequent trial that adopted the designed intervention to target early childhood exposure to enteric pathogens through contaminated food.
In-Process Hole and Fastener Inspection Using a High-Accuracy Laser Sensor
Authors: Luker Zachary , Stansbury Erin
Published: March 2020

Electroimpact has produced a new in-process inspection system for use on drilling and fastening systems. The system uses a high-accuracy, non-contact, laser system to measure the flushness of installed fasteners. The system is also capable of measuring part normality and providing feedback to the machine for correction. One drawback to many automatic inspection systems is measurement error. Many sources of measurement error exist in a production environment, including drilling chips, lubrication, and fastener head markings. Electroimpact’s latest system can create a visualization of the measured fastener for the operator to interpret. This allows the operator to determine the cause of a failed measurement, thus reducing machine downtime due to false negatives.

Electroimpact created a custom C# WPF application that queries the point-cloud data and analyzes the raw data. A custom “circle Hough transform” scoring algorithm is used to find the center of the nosepiece (pressure foot). A best fit plane is calculated from the point cloud data to find the panel surface. This plane is then used to output panel normality in the A and B axes. Flushness is determined by computing the distance of each point in the fastener point-cloud to the best fit plane previously calculated. Finally, the point cloud is made into a surface and displayed on the screen using HelixToolkit open source 3D libraries. This allows the user to rotate, zoom, and center the 3D image on the PC.
Advances in Drilling with PCD (Polycrystalline Diamond)
Authors: Bunting Jeremy , Bunting John
Published: March 2020

PCD properties were optimized to drill stacks of CFRP/Ti using an accelerated wear test milling gray cast iron. The optimized PCD was then used to prepare PCD drills. Tests were made to determine the best drilling conditions for the optimized PCD. The results yielded a significant improvement in cycle times as compared to earlier studies using PCD drills. Notched PCD cutting edges were found to eliminate oversizing of the CFRP near the interface of the two materials.
Hydrothermal synthesis of monocopper sulfide for hydrogen peroxide-assisted photodegradation of paraquat
Authors: Khunphonoi Rattabal , Wantala Kitirote , Grisdanurak Nurak
Published: March 2020

Copper sulfide was prepared by a hydrothermal method at 130°C. The copper to sulfur molar ratio (6-10) and ageing time (24-72 h) were their synthesis parameters. The obtained materials were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscope (TEM), UV-DR spectroscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). In order to obtain monocopper sulfide, CuS, named as covellite, the molar recipe ratio of sulfur to copper should be less than 8 in any hydrothermal ageing time. The morphology showed spherical-like structure with energy band gap of 1.88-2.04 eV. CuS was tested for its photocatalytic degradation of paraquat under visible light irradiation. It exhibited excellent activities in the presence of H2O2. The kinetic of paraquat degradation was also investigated using Langmuir-Hinshelwood-Hougen-Watson (LHHW) model. The reaction rate constant was three times higher than TiO2 under the same studied conditions.
Ankara bombing: distribution of injury patterns with radiological imaging
Authors: Parlak Selçuk , Beşler Muhammed Said
Published: March 2020

Purpose

To describe and explain the blast injuries and imaging findings in the Ankara terrorist explosion that took place on October 10, 2015.

Material and methods

A total of 77 patients who underwent radiologic imaging were classified as primary, secondary, tertiary, and quaternary, according to the injury type. The patients were evaluated based on body regions, such as head and neck, thorax, abdomen, lower extremity, and upper extremity.

Results

Blast lung injury was identified in one patient and tympanic membrane perforation in seven patients, as the primary injury. Sixty-two of 77 patients had secondary blast injuries caused by shrapnel. The blast injuries were observed in the head and neck (16/77, 20.7%), thorax (11/77, 14.2%), abdomen (16/77, 20.7%), lower extremity (48/77, 62.3%), and upper extremity (5/77, 6.4%). Vascular injuries were seen in eight cases, of which seven were in the lower extremities.

Conclusions

The most common blast injury pattern was of a secondary type in the current study. Lower extremities were the significantly more affected body region, probably due to the bomb exploding at ground level. In mass casualty events, radiologic imaging is located at the centre of patient management.
Impact of resolution on large-eddy simulation of midlatitude summertime convection
Authors: Moseley Christopher , Pscheidt Ieda , Cioni Guido , Heinze Rieke
Published: March 2020

Abstract. We analyze life cycles of summertime moist convection of a large-eddy simulation (LES) in a limited-area setup over Germany. The goal is to assess the ability of the model to represent convective organization in space and time in comparison to radar data and its sensitivity to daily mean surface air temperature. A continuous period of 36 d in May and June 2016 is simulated with a grid spacing of 625 m. This period was dominated by convection over large parts of the domain on most of the days.
Using convective organization indices, and a tracking algorithm for convective precipitation events, we find that an LES with 625 m grid spacing tends to underestimate the degree of convective organization and shows a weaker sensitivity of heavy convective rainfall to temperature as suggested by the radar data. An analysis of 3 d with in this period that are simulated with a finer grid spacing of 312 and 156 m showed that a grid spacing at the 100 m scale has the potential to improve the simulated diurnal cycles of convection, the mean time evolution of single convective events, and the degree of convective organization.
Inversion of multi-angular polarimetric measurements from the ACEPOL campaign: an application of improving aerosol property and hyperspectral ocean color retrievals
Authors: Gao Meng , Zhai Peng-Wang , Franz Bryan A. , Knobelspiesse Kirk , Ibrahim Amir , Cairns Brian , Craig Susanne E. , Fu Guangliang , Hasekamp Otto , Hu Yongxiang , Werdell P. Jeremy
Published: March 2020

Abstract. NASA’s Plankton, Aerosol, Cloud, ocean Ecosystem (PACE) mission, scheduled for launch in the timeframe of late 2022 to early 2023, will carry the Ocean Color Instrument (OCI), a hyperspectral scanning radiometer, and two multi-angle polarimeters (MAP), the UMBC Hyper-Angular Rainbow Polarimeter (HARP2) and the SRON Spectro-Polarimeter for Planetary EXploration one (SPEXone). One purpose of the PACE MAPs is to better characterize aerosols properties, which can then be used to improve atmospheric correction for the retrieval of ocean color in coastal waters. Though this is theoretically promising, the use of MAP data in the atmospheric correction of collocated hyperspectral ocean color measurements has not yet been well demonstrated. In this work, we performed aerosol retrievals using the MAP measurements from the Research Scanning Polarimeter (RSP), and demonstrate its application to the atmospheric correction of hyperspectral radiometric measurements from SPEX Airborne. Both measurements were collected on the same aircraft from the Aerosol Characterization from Polarimeter and Lidar (ACEPOL) field campaign in 2017. Two cases over ocean with small aerosol loading (aerosol optical depth ∼ 0.04) are identified including collocated RSP and SPEX Airborne measurements and Aerosol Robotic Network (AERONET) in-situ observations. The aerosol retrievals are performed and compared with two options: one uses reflectance only and the other use both reflectance and polarization. It is demonstrated that polarization information helps reduce the uncertainties of aerosol microphysical and optical properties. The retrieved aerosol properties are then used to compute the contribution of atmosphere and ocean surface for atmospheric correction over the discrete bands from RSP measurements and the hyperspectral SPEX Airborne measurements. The water leaving signals determined this way are compared with both AERONET and Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) Ocean Color products with good agreement. The results and lessons-learned from this work will provide a basis to fully exploit the information from the unique combination of sensors on PACE for aerosol characterization and ocean ecosystem research.
Roles of electrons and ions in formation of the current in mirror-mode structures in the terrestrial plasma sheet: Magnetospheric Multiscale observations
Authors: Wang Guoqiang , Zhang Tielong , Wu Mingyu , Schmid Daniel , Hao Yufei , Volwerk Martin
Published: March 2020

Abstract. Mirror-mode structures widely exist in various space plasma environments.
Here, we investigate a train of mirror-mode structures in the terrestrial
plasma sheet on 11 August 2017 based on the Magnetospheric Multiscale
mission. We find that bipolar current densities exist in the cross section
of two hole-like mirror-mode structures, referred to as magnetic dips. The
bipolar current density in the magnetic dip with a size of ∼2.2 ρi (the ion gyro radius) is mainly contributed by variations
of the electron velocity, which is mainly formed by the magnetic
gradient–curvature drift. For another magnetic dip with a size of
∼6.6 ρi, the bipolar current density is mainly
caused by an ion bipolar velocity, which can be explained by the collective
behaviors of the ion drift motions. The current density inside the mirror
dip contributes to the maintenance of the hole-like structure's stable. Our
observations suggest that the electrons and ions play different roles in the
formation of currents in magnetic dips with different sizes.
New structural model of strike-slip tectonics of the Gulf of Aqaba, southern Dead Sea Transform
Authors: Fedorik Jakub , Afifi Abdulkader
Published: March 2020

The Dead Sea Transform is an active left lateral, strike-slip plate boundary. The Gulf of Aqaba corresponds to its southern segment, where the largest amount of opening is observed. The gulf itself is deformed by a set of en echelon faults which are bounded by normal faults. These en echelon faults show structural styles of Riedel shears which are typically observed in strike-slip tectonics. However, their orientation is the opposite to the one observed in well described models or natural cases. In this study, we compare a compiled dataset to analogue models which simulate the displacement in various strike-slip systems. This comparison to a sandbox model highlights the importance of the tectonic load in a strike-slip fault system. The model is composed of two base plates with only one straight velocity discontinuity. X-Ray Computed Tomography is used as a technique to carry out a 4D analysis of internal fault structures of the model. The 10°-transtensional model generates a set of Riedel shear faults, which merge during the later stages of deformation. The 30°-transtensional tectonic load shows two major steep bounding faults with a dip-slip component and a set of en echelon faults - opposite Riedel shears in between them. A higher amount of transtension rotates the classic Riedel shear faults to the opposite position. This fault pattern is very similar to the one observed in the Gulf of Aqaba, where the internal fault system is composed of opposite Riedel shears bounded by normal faults. These observations can increase the understanding of the structural styles seen in the Gulf of Aqaba. Moreover, our study describes a new strike-slip fault system.
Formation of (nitrooxy)organosulfates from organic peroxides and S(IV) via daytime and nighttime chemistry
Authors: Brüggemann Martin , Riva Matthieu , Dubois Clement , Mutzel Anke , George Christian , Herrmann Hartmut
Published: March 2020

Sulfur and nitrogen containing organic compounds, such as organosulfates (OSs) and nitrooxy organosulfates (NOSs), are recognized to be ubiquitously present in secondary organic aerosol (SOA). However, little is known about the chemical mechanisms or the required conditions for the formation of these compounds in the ambient atmosphere. Earlier studies have commonly suggested that OSs are predominantly formed through the reaction of organic gaseous epoxides with acidic sulfate particles. However, this epoxide pathway often fails to explain the formation of (N)OSs from monoterpenes. Moreover, recent studies highlight the potential role of gas-phase SO2 and organic peroxides for the formation of OSs, which might serve as predominant precursors for OSs and NOSs from atmospheric monoterpene oxidation.

Here, we conducted a series of chamber experiments to elucidate the formation mechanisms of (N)OSs from α-pinene oxidation during daytime and nighttime conditions. In particular, we focused on the role of organic peroxides and S(IV) (i.e., gas-phase SO2 and particulate SO32–) in contrast to organic epoxides and isotope-labelled particulate sulfate (i.e., S(VI)). SOA particles were analyzed online by extractive electrospray ionization coupled with high-resolution Orbitrap mass spectrometry (EESI-Orbitrap MS) allowing an unambiguous identification of OS and NOS species with a high time resolution. Additionally, filter samples were collected and analyzed by liquid chromatography (LC) coupled with Orbitrap MS to determine the presence of isomeric compounds.

Consistently, online and offline Orbitrap MS analysis showed that particulate sulfate played a minor role in the formation of OSs and NOSs. In contrast, (N)OSs were rapidly formed upon addition of either gaseous SO2 or particulate SO32–, suggesting S(IV) to react with organic peroxides that were formed through monoterpene oxidation. Based on these experiments, we identified specific NOS species that are formed only through either daytime or nighttime chemistry, and thus, might serve as marker molecules. Moreover, we present complete formation pathways for these species. Our study indicates that in contrast to previous work, the formation of OSs and NOSs does not require acidic sulfate particles, but rather involves the reaction of organic peroxides with S(IV) in the gas phase or the particle phase.
Comparing four radar rainfall nowcasting algorithms for 1481 events
Authors: Imhoff Ruben , Brauer Claudia , Overeem Aart , Weerts Albrecht , Uijlenhoet Remko
Published: March 2020

Accurate and timely hydrological forecasts highly depend on their meteorological input. Current numerical weather predictions (NWP) do not have sufficiently high spatial and temporal resolutions for adequate use for short lead times (less than six hours ahead) in fast-responding mountainous, lowland and polder catchments. Therefore, radar rainfall nowcasting, the process of statistically extrapolating the most recent radar rainfall observation, is increasingly used. However, as most studies consist of analyses based on a relatively small sample of generally 2–15 events, best practices for the use and choice of these algorithms within operational forecasting systems are not yet available. In this study, we aim to determine the predictive skill of radar rainfall nowcasting algorithms for the short-term predictability of rainfall, in which we focus on different lowland catchments in the Netherlands. We concentrate particularly on the dependency of the forecast skill on catchment and environmental characteristics, such as event type and duration, seasonality, catchment size and location with regard to the radar location and prevailing wind direction. For this purpose, we performed a large-sample analysis of 1481 events spread over four event durations and twelve lowland catchments (6.5–957 km2). Four algorithms were tested and compared with Eulerian Persistence: Rainymotion Sparse and DenseRotation, pySTEPS deterministic and pySTEPS probabilistic with 20 ensemble members. Maximum skillful lead times increased for longer event durations, due to the more persistent character of these events. In all cases, pySTEPS deterministic attained the longest maximum skillful lead times: 25 min for 1-h, 39 min for 3-h, 56 min for 6-h and 116 min for 24-h durations. During winter, when more persistent stratiform precipitation is present, we found three times lower mean absolute errors than for nowcasts during summer with more convective precipitation. For the fractions skill score, higher skill was obtained with increasing grid cell sizes. This was advantageous for larger catchments, whereas some catchments became smaller than the grid size after upscaling. Catchment location mattered as well: up to two times higher skillful lead times were found downwind of the radars than upwind, given the prevailing wind direction. The pySTEPS algorithms outperformed Rainymotion benchmark algorithms due to rainfall field evolution estimations with cascade decomposition and an autoregressive model. We found that most errors still originate from growth and dissipation processes which are not or only partially (stochastically) accounted for.
Identification and characterization of new feldspar-bearing rocks in the walls of Valles Marineris, Mars
Authors: Flahaut Jessica , Barthez Marie , Payet Vincent , Fueten Frank , Guitreau Martin , Allemand Pascal , Quantin-Nataf Cathy
Published: March 2020

VNIR spectroscopy has previously led to many discoveries pertaining to Mars geologic history (e.g., the discovery of hydrated minerals associated to ancient terrains with OMEGA, Bibring et al., 2006). Plagioclase feldspar minerals can also be identified with spectroscopic techniques thanks to a 1.3 microns absorption in the VNIR domain (e.g., Adams and Goullaud, 1978). Previous lunar analog studies show however that when mixing powders of Ca plagioclase and a mafic component (olivine or pyroxene), the feldspars absorption band is quickly masked (e.g., Cheek and Pieters, 2014). This study further demonstrates that the 1.3 micron feature is only detectable if the plagioclase abundance is > 90 %. Based on this observation, previous feldspar absorptions on Mars have been interpreted as evidence for nearly pure anorthositic rocks (e.g., Carter and Poulet, 2013). A recent study by Rogers and Nekvasil (2015) however suggests that phenocryst basalts with less than 90% plagioclase could reproduce the 1.3 micron feature if large crystals are involved, although no whole rock measurements were made.

In the present study, we describe new feldspar signatures detected with the CRISM VNIR spectral-imager in the walls of the Valles Marineris grand canyon, on Mars. The associated rock textures and elevations were assessed from CTX and HiRISE images and DTMs. In parallel, we are collecting VNIR spectra of various (uncrushed) terrestrial rocks containing a large range of feldspar abundances and grain sizes. Analyses are carried out between 0.35 and 2.5 microns with an ASD Fieldspec at CRPG Nancy, France, and will be presented at the conference time. By combining laboratory measurements of a range of possible terrestrial analog rocks with the study of Mars feldspar-bearing outcrops, we should bring more clues on the nature and origin of these feldspathic rocks.
Surface thermal heterogeneities, dispersive fluxes and the conundrum of unaccounted statistical spatial inhomogeneities
Authors: Calaf Marc , Morrison Travis , Margairaz Fabien , Perelet Alexei , W. Higgins Chad , A. Drake Stephen , R. Pardyjak Eric
Published: March 2020

The use of Numerical Weather Prediction (NWP) models is ubiquitous in our daily lives, whether to decide what to wear, to plan for the weekend, invest on wind turbines, decide strategies for food security or to forecast atmosphere-driven natural disasters, to name a few. Currently, intrinsic to most NWP models is the assumption of spatial homogeneity at kilometer to sub-kilometer scales when, for example, classic similarity scaling relationships are applied to account for unresolved near-surface momentum, heat and mass exchanges. While advances in computation (and computing) are enabling finer grid resolutions in NWP, representing land-atmosphere exchange processes at the lower boundary remains a challenge (regardless of the numerical resolution but not independent from it). This is partially a result of the fact that land-surface heterogeneity exists at all spatial scales and its variability does not ‘average’ out with decreasing scales. Such variability need not rapidly blend away from the boundary and thereby impacts the spatial distribution of fluxes throughout the near-surface region of the atmosphere.

     While, the effects of spatial surface heterogeneities have long been minimized under the assumption of an existing blending length-scale, in this work evidence is presented of the consequential effect of such surface heterogeneities. Specifically, canonical experiments based on in-situ measurements and high-resolution numerical simulations quantify the effect of surface thermal heterogeneities on an otherwise homogeneous planar surface. Therefore, such near-canonical case describes inhomogeneous scalar transport in an otherwise planar homogeneous flow when thermal stratification is weak or absent. In this work, the interaction between the characteristic length scales of the surface heterogeneities, and the scales of resolved fluid dynamics transport is further unraveled. Dispersive fluxes naturally appear as a means to account for unresolved, and time-lasting advection fluxes generated by a-priori unresolved spatial thermal heterogeneities. Results illustrate that dispersive fluxes can represent as much as 40% of the total resolved advection flux under weak wind conditions, and remain relevant under strong winds. Furthermore, results of this work appear not to only be relevant in the treatment of unresolved heterogeneities in NWP models, but also in understanding the unresolved problem of surface energy budget closure.
Remote sensing of grassland communities in Mongolian Steppe combining multi-source data and machine learning classification algorithms
Authors: Phan Thanh Noi , Jäschke Yun , Chuluunkhuyag Oyundari , Oyunbileg Munkhzul , Wesche Karsten , Lehnert Lukas
Published: March 2020

In this study, we investigate the performance of machine learning classification approaches and different remotely sensed data sources for identifying and mapping three types of grassland communities found in the Mongolian Steppe region (Artemisia, Caragana and grass dominated steppes). The Mongolian steppe is intensively used as pasture and provides the economic basis for approximately 1 million herders. The grassland types differ in their forage values, which is why a spatially-explicit estimation of their occurrence is of high importance. We compared different sensors, classifiers, and training-sample strategies to identify the most effective approaches for mapping these communities. Ten datasets were used: Landsat 8 OLI (30 m), pan-sharpened Landsat 8 (15 m), Landsat 8 Surface Reflectance (30 m), Sentinel 2 (10 m), Sentinel 2 (20 m), Worldview 3 (0.5 m and 1.2 m), integrated Landsat 8 and Sentinel 2 (30 m), temporal Landsat 8, and temporal Sentinel 2. The two foremost classifiers at producing high accuracy of land cover classification, SVM and RF, were applied with the same training datasets. The training samples were collected in a manner so that they could be used for different spatial resolutions (i.e., ranging from 0.5 to 30 m) with the least effect from mixed training samples and spatial autocorrelation. The results of this study indicate that remote sensing is a viable method for the identification of different grassland communities in the Mongolian Steppe region.

 
Integrating multi-source data and model projections to address carbon cycling in central European forests
Authors: Merganicova Katarina , Hollos Roland , Barcza Zoltan , Merganic Jan , Sitkova Zuzana , Kurjak Daniel , Mokros Martin , Fleischer Peter , Marjanovic Hrvoje , Hidy Dora , Strelcova Katarina , Hlasny Tomas
Published: March 2020

Carbon cycling in forest ecosystems is affected by a number of interacting environmental factors. Here we analyse carbon sequestration in temperate forests composed of three common Central European species: Norway spruce, European beech and oak along an extended environmental gradient across Central Europe using long-term monitoring data and process-based modelling of forest dynamics. For the analyses we used selected ICP forest monitoring plots, long-term forest research plots from thinning trials, and highly-equipped intensively monitored plots from five central European countries: Croatia, Hungary, Slovakia, Poland and the Czech Republic. Their temporal development was simulated using a process-based model Biome-BGCMuSo, which is sensitive to soil and climate conditions. Since such models of forest growth dynamics implicitly describe relationships between forest productivity and environmental conditions, their implementation can reveal the main factors affecting carbon cycling in forests along the gradients of latitude, altitude, or other environmental factors as long as they are included in the models. The study indicates that by linking long-term monitoring data and forest growth modelling we can not only test the model capacity to simulate forest dynamics, but above all we can increase our capacity to address main challenges faced by the central European forestry with respect to the global climate change.  
The latitudinal asymmetry of the seasonal variation of the amplitude of the Sq field
Authors: Yingyan Wu
Published: March 2020

The geomagnetic field shows a regular diunal variation at the middle and low latitudes during geomagnetic quiet time, which is called as solar quiet daily variation (Sq). It is mainly generated from the ionosphere dynamic current system in the E-region of ionosphere, which is controlled by the ionospheric diunal and semi-diunal tidal wind field. The variation of the Sq field is greatly related to the latitude and the local time, and its amplitude and the phase vary very slowly in the whole year. Furthermore, a significant day-to-day (DTD) variation is usually seen in the amplitude and the phase of the Sq. It is greatly related to many factors such as the conductivity and the wind field in the ionosphere, and states of the magnetosphere.

This work is primarily to investigate the seasonal variation of the amplitude of the Sq field on both north-and-south sides of the Sq current, by using of the hourly data of the geomagnetic horizontal field from 75 observatories at mid-and-low latitudes. The result indicates that there is a significant seasonal variation in the amplitude of Sq(H) at all observatories, which shows a great enhancement during equinoxes months. However, a notable latitudinal asymmetry is clearly seen between the northside and southside observatories. The amplitude of Sq(H) reaches the maximum value in autumn at northside observatories, but in spring at southside observatories. This latitudinal asymmetry is most likely to reflect the tilt of the ionosphere current vortex.

 
Effect of model initialization and sea ice data assimilation on the seasonal forecast of September Arctic sea ice extent in a coupled ocean-sea ice model
Authors: Wang Keguang , Li Qun , Wang Caixin , Debernard Jens , Keeley Sarah
Published: March 2020

The METROMS is a coupled ocean and sea ice model based on the Regional Ocean Modeling System (ROMS) and the Los Alamos sea ice model CICE.  It was employed for seasonal forecast of the September Arctic sea ice extent (SIE) in 2019 in the Sea Ice Prediction Network (SIPN), using a regional configuration of grid resolution 20km for the Arctic, the so-called Arctic-20km configuration. In the present study, we investigate the impact of model initialization and sea ice data assimilation on the seasonal forecast of the September Arctic SIE. The ERA5 atmospheric forcing is used to driver the model. The preliminary results indicate that model initialization plays a very important role in the seasonal prediction of September Arctic SIE. Experiments using different model initializations from climate monthly mean (CMM) and actual monthly mean (AMM) indicate that the AMM generally has a much higher prediction skill. The prediction skill also increases with decreasing prediction time. With a reasonable model initialization, SIC assimilation can significantly improve the prediction skill, particularly within two months. On the contrary, SIT assimilation tends to provide relatively small contribution to the September SIE prediction when model is reasonably initialized, due mostly to the fact that no data is available in the summer period. 
New technique to diagnose the geomagnetic field based on the single circular current loop model
Authors: Rong Zhaojin , Wei Yong , Xu Wenyao , Kong Dali , Cui Jun , Shen Chao , Zhu Rixiang , Wan Weixing , Yamauchi Masatoshi , Zhong Jun , Chai Lihui
Published: March 2020

A quick and effective technique is developed to diagnose the geomagnetic dipole field based on an unstrained single circular current loop model. In comparsion with previous studies, this technique is able to separate and solve the loop parameters successively. With this technique, one can search the optimum full loop parameters quickly, including the location of loop center, the loop orientation, the loop radius, and the electric current carried by the loop, which can roughly indicate the locations, sizes, orientations of the interior current sources. The technique tests and applications demonstrate that this technique is effective and applicable. This technique could be applied widely in the fields of geomagnetism, planetary magnetism and palaeomagnetism. The further applications and constrains are discussed and cautioned.