bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Integrated Risk Assessment Model Based on Unstable Fuzzy Linguistic Terms in Occupational Health and Safety: Application in Machinery Sector in Turkey
Authors: Duruel Turgay , Gülsün Bahadir
Published: November 2024

Nowadays, the field of occupational health and safety has emerged as a key subject of scientific research for nations. The well-being and safety of individuals are of utmost importance in all aspects of professional life. The goal of occupational health and safety is to optimize the physical and emotional well-being of employees. To accomplish these objectives, nations implement numerous laws and regulations. The rules published in Turkey are mostly based on the European Community 89/391 Directive, which is known as the “Framework Directive on Taking Measures to Improve the Health and Safety of Workers”. One of these regulations is the “Risk Assessment Regulation”, which is the most crucial argument in the field of occupational safety. In this study, for the first time in the literature, a specialized group of experts called the “risk assessment team” was formed according to the regulations. Based on the extension of fuzzy sets using vague linguistic terms, a comprehensive risk assessment model was proposed by integrating multi-criteria decision-making methods such as SWARA, ARAS, AHP, CRITIC, and Visual PROMETHEE. Furthermore, the risks were ranked in terms of their importance using the ARAS method, which uses ambiguous linguistic terms to assess the risks. The most commonly used risk assessment methods in the machinery industry, such as Fine–Kinney, FMEA, and the [Formula: see text] Matrix, were used to evaluate the same risks based on the collective opinion of experts. The rankings obtained were then consolidated into a single sequence using the Borda count method. Later on, a comparison of risk rankings was conducted using the proposed model, followed by a correlation analysis. The correlation analysis produced a result of 0.744, indicating a high correlation. This result demonstrated the applicability of the suggested method in the field of occupational health and safety. Moreover, the data obtained using triangular fuzzy numbers and the data obtained using a five-point scale were ranked according to their importance levels using the Visual PROMETHEE application. Finally, the cross-validation of these ranking results was ensured. The results were visually evaluated in the PROMETHEE–GAIA framework, considering the relationships between alternative measures and risks.
Dynamic Behavior of FG-TPMS Plates on a Viscoelastic Foundation Subjected to Moving Loads Using Moving Element Method
Authors: Do Ngoc Thuan , Tran Kim Q. , Nguyen-Xuan H. , Luong Van Hai
Published: November 2024

Functionally Graded Triply Periodic Minimal Surface (FG-TPMS) structures are an advanced variation of TPMS with spatially varying mechanical properties. Known for their high strength-to-volume ratio, these structures offer lightweight yet robust structural solutions. This study investigates the dynamic characteristics of FG-TPMS structures under the influence of moving loads and supported by a viscoelastic foundation. To manage the challenges related to moving loads and the sensitivity of FG-TPMS plates to boundary conditions, the Moving Element Method (MEM) is employed. The influence of several parameters on the dynamic performance of FG-TPMS plates is studied, including porosity distribution, relative density, plate thickness, and load velocity. The findings highlight the superior strength-to-volume ratio of FG-TPMS plates compared to their isotropic counterparts, emphasizing their potential for practical applications in engineering and materials science. Detailed numerical analyses demonstrate how different porosity distributions and other factors influence the mechanical behavior of FG-TPMS plates, offering insights into optimizing their design for enhanced performance. This comprehensive investigation underscores the advantages of FG-TPMS structures, particularly in applications requiring high strength and lightweight materials, showcasing the efficacy of MEM in solving complex dynamic problems involving moving loads.
Investigating the Effectiveness of 6Mev Electron and Ultrasound Beams with the Use of Iron Oxide Magnetic Nanoparticles Attached to Cisplatin on B16F10 Cells: In-Vitro Study
Authors: Garshad Javad , Shanei Ahmad , Hossein Hejazi Seyed , Abedi Iraj , Attaran Kakhki Neda
Published: November 2024

Melanoma is considered the deadliest skin cancer that can be treated with surgery, radiotherapy, chemotherapy, etc. The use of magnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (IONPs) in order to increase the effectiveness of electron beams and ultrasound beams by increasing the production of free radicals (ROS) and their ability to deliver chemotherapy drugs is under research. Cisplatin is one of the chemotherapy drugs based on platinum, whose ability to deal with melanoma has recently been clarified. In this study, we studied the synthesis of [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text]@L-Aspartic and [Formula: see text]@L-Aspartic@Cisplatin nanoparticles and we managed to determine the characteristics of each of them using TEM, DLS, FTIR, UV–Vis tests; also, MTT and flow cytometry tests were performed for [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text]@L-Aspartic with the concentrations of 10, 25, 50, 80 and 100 [Formula: see text] g/mL and for [Formula: see text]@L-Aspartic@Cisplatin and cisplatin with concentrations of 0.6, 1.6, 5, 10 and 20 [Formula: see text] g/mL alone and in combination with electron beam with doses of 1 Gy, 2[Formula: see text]Gy and 3[Formula: see text]Gy and ultrasound beam with the intensities of 1[Formula: see text]W/cm2 and 2[Formula: see text]. The results of the mining TEM test show the size of [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text]@L-Aspartic and [Formula: see text]@L-Aspartic@Cisplatin to be 25[Formula: see text]nm, 35[Formula: see text]nm and 42[Formula: see text]nm, and the FTIR and UV–Vis tests also confirmed the nanoparticle coating and drug loading; also, the results of MTT and flow cytometry test showed the effectiveness of [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text]@L-Aspartic and [Formula: see text]@L-Aspartic@Cisplatin in increasing the effectiveness of electron beam and ultrasound beam. The use of nanotechnology together with other treatment methods can shed light on a new way to overcome cancer.
Efficient Collocation Algorithm for Solving Three-Dimensional Linear and Nonlinear Volterra Integral Equations
Authors: Birem Fouzia , Boulmerka Aissa , Laib Hafida
Published: November 2024

This paper proposes a new approach to solving three-dimensional linear and nonlinear Volterra integral equations (3D-VIEs) of the second kind using the Taylor collocation method (TCM). We develop an algorithm utilizing Taylor polynomials to approximate solutions of 3D-VIEs within a finite-dimensional space. Moreover, we perform convergence analysis to validate the efficacy of our method. Additionally, we show comparison examples to demonstrate the method’s effectiveness. The comparison highlights the efficiency and reliability of our approach.
Operation Research — The Influence of Venture Capital on the Growth of E-Commerce Listed Enterprises
Authors: Allur Naga Sushma , Deevi Durga Praveen , Dondapati Koteswararao , Chetlapalli Himabindu , Kodadi Sharadha , Perumal Thinagaran
Published: November 2024

Venture capital (VC) is essential for the growth of small and medium enterprises (SMEs) in developed e-commerce countries. SMEs play a crucial role in the economic development of both developing and developed countries. This paper proposes the influence of VC on the growth of e-commerce in SMEs using the propensity score matching (PSM) method. PSM is defined as the statistical analysis of observational data, where a statistical matching method attempts to evaluate the impacts of a treatment or policy. The experimental results show that the effect of e-commerce on SMEs who received VC financing experience improves the performance of employment growth and sales. Our findings reveal that VC significantly enhances employment rates and sales performance in e-commerce sectors. The study underscores the critical role of VC in driving innovation and growth within SMEs, providing valuable insights for investors and policymakers aiming to foster economic development.
Evaluation of Permeable Piles Foundation Performance in Liquefiable Soils under Seismic Loading
Authors: Ma Chi , Qian Jian-Gu , Mei Guo-Xiong
Published: November 2024

The use of permeable piles as an effective drainage method in liquefiable sites has become widely accepted. In this study, the seismic response of both the liquefiable soil and the pile was simulated using FLAC3D software to validate the anti-liquefaction performance of the permeable pile. A group of permeable piles designed according to the China foundation code were numerically modeled with various opening ratios (i.e. area of openings/total surficial area). The numerical results showed that the permeable pile is able to enhance liquefaction resistance by dissipating excess pore water through the drainage holes. The bending moments and axial force of the permeable pile decrease but the ultimate bearing capacity increases in the process of drainage. It is found that the excess pore water pressure ratio (EPWPR) of soil around permeable pile under seismic loading reduces rapidly with increasing opening ratio, but the excess pore water pressure tends to keep nearly a stable level once the opening ratio is beyond a critical value of 0.5%. As a result, the critical value of the opening ratio may be considered as the optimum parameter to design the permeable pile against liquefaction.
Closeness of Some Graph Operations
Authors: Dangalchev Chavdar
Published: November 2024

Closeness is an important measure of network centrality. In this paper, we will calculate the closeness of graphs, created by using operations on graphs. We will prove a formula for the closeness of shadow graphs. We will calculate the closeness of line graphs of some well-known graphs (like path, star, cycle, and complete graphs) and the closeness of line graphs of two of these graphs, connected by a bridge (like lollipop, tadpole, broom, and bistar graphs).
Bedding and bedding surfaces in carbonate and mixed carbonate–siliciclastic successions part 1: a critical evaluation of biases in identification and interpretation across disciplines and schools
Authors: Nohl Theresa , Munnecke Axel , Wright V. Paul
Published: November 2024

Carbonate sedimentary rocks are crucial for understanding Earth's geological history, ecosystems and climate dynamics. However, their study is complicated by diagenetic processes that can alter original bedding and surfaces, leading to potential misinterpretations, for example of palaeoecological and sedimentological settings as well as the time represented by these surfaces and the overall succession of deposits. This study examines the varied definitions and interpretations of bedding and associated surfaces in carbonate rocks, highlighting differences across geoscientific disciplines and regions. Through a survey, we aim to clarify the usage of the terminology in bedding and associated surfaces to improve communication and reduce misunderstandings within the geoscientific community. The survey results highlight the highly diverse, but restrictive, individual perceptions of the term ‘bedding’ in carbonate rocks. Significant differences exist between disciplines, a researcher's main region of education and the main region of work. This study underscores the potential for miscommunication and misunderstandings among geoscientists regarding bedding and associated surfaces, emphasizing the importance of interdisciplinary and international exchange to recognize the varied origins of ‘bedding’ in carbonate successions.
A Comparative Analysis of Legislative Protections for Online Safety in the Global South: A Case Study of the Caribbean
Authors: Wilkinson Daricia , Hanley Eren , Knijnenburg Bart P.
Published: November 2024

This paper presents a comparative legislative analysis that critically examines the precursors and implementation of online safety legislation on societies in the Global South, using the Caribbean as a focal case study. The online communities that we engage with foster greater human connections, serve as platforms to promote business services, and have become central in public discourse worldwide. Consequently, governance has emerged as a vital approach to maintain healthy digital environments and address the rise of socio-technical harms flowing from online communities. This study employs a two-tiered analytical approach to scrutinize the legislative frameworks established in the Caribbean and to surface variations in policy priorities, approaches to regulation, levels of enforcement, and identify power dynamics that impact the execution of said regulation. The findings of this work shed light on the need for additional work in social computing that delves into the societal ramifications of existing governance structures, rather than solely focusing on efforts to inform and develop new legislation. Through the lens of the Caribbean's case study, this paper provides valuable insights for policymakers and stakeholders in the region seeking to optimize the impact of online safety laws on their societies while highlighting contextually appropriate governance solutions that acknowledge the unique cultural, political, and socioeconomic contexts of the Global South.
Integrating Equity in Public Sector Data-Driven Decision Making: Exploring the Desired Futures of Underserved Stakeholders
Authors: Kim Seyun , Ho Jonathan , Li Yinan , Fan Bonnie , Yang Willa Yunqi , Ramey Jessie , Fox Sarah E. , Zhu Haiyi , Zimmerman John , Eslami Motahhare
Published: November 2024

Public sector agencies aim to innovate not just for efficiency but also to enhance equity. Despite the growing adoption of data-driven decision-making systems in the public sector, efforts to integrate equity as a primary goal often fall short. This typically arises from inadequate early-stage involvement of underserved stakeholders and prevalent misunderstandings concerning the authentic meaning of equity from these stakeholders' perspectives. Our research seeks to address this gap by actively involving undersevered stakeholders in the process of envisioning the integration of equity within public sector data-driven decisions, particularly in the context of a building department in a Northeastern mid-sized U.S. city. Applying a speed dating method with storyboards, we explore diverse equity-centric futures within the realm of local business development, a domain where small businesses, particularly women-and minority-owned businesses, historically confront inequitable distribution of public services. We explored three essential aspects of equity: monitoring equity, resource allocation prioritization, as well as information and equity. Our findings illuminate the complexities of integrating equity into data-driven decisions, offering nuanced insights about the needs of stakeholders. We found that attempts to monitor and incorporate equity goals into public sector decision-making can unexpectedly backfire, inadvertently sparking community apprehension and potentially exacerbating existing inequities. Small business owners, including those identifying as women-and minority-owned, advocated against the use of demographic-based data in equity-focused data-driven decision-making in the public sector, instead emphasizing factors such as community needs, application complexity, and uncertainties inherent in small businesses. Drawing from these insights, we propose design implications to assist designers of public sector data-driven decision-making systems to better accommodate equity considerations.
Policy Sandboxing: Empathy As An Enabler Towards Inclusive Policy-Making
Authors: Mauri Andrea , Hsu Yen-Chia , Verma Himanshu , Tocchetti Andrea , Brambilla Marco , Bozzon Alessandro
Published: November 2024

Digitally-supported participatory methods are often used in policy-making to develop inclusive policies by collecting and integrating citizen's opinions. However, these methods fail to capture the complexity and nuances in citizen's needs, i.e., citizens are generally unaware of other's needs, perspectives, and experiences. Consequently, policies developed with this underlying gap tend to overlook the alignment of multistakeholder perspectives, and design policies based on the optimization of high-level demographic features. In our contribution, we propose a method to enable citizens understand other's perspectives and calibrate their positions. First, we collected requirements and design principles to develop our approach by involving stakeholders and experts in policymaking in a series of workshops. Then, we conducted a crowdsourcing study with 420 participants to compare the effect of different text and images, on people's initial and final motivations and their willingness to change opinions. We observed that both influence participant's opinion change, however, the effect is more pronounced for textual modality. Finally, we discuss overarching implications of designing with empathy to mediate alignment of citizen's perspectives.
Kinetic Connections: Exploring the Impact of Realistic Body Movements on Social Presence in Collaborative Virtual Reality
Authors: Kimmel Simon , Landwehr Eric , Heuten Wilko
Published: November 2024

Professional and personal lives are undergoing a shift from physical to virtual meetings. While this offers numerous advantages, such as increased spatial autonomy, it also poses risks to the social bonds among employees, families, and friends. Even current collaborative virtual reality (VR) applications cannot bridge the separation in virtual meetings, as they do not provide a sense of social connectedness comparable to in-person interaction. Reasons include limited behavioral realism of VR avatars, e.g., in displayed body movements. We systematically investigated how realistic body movements influence Social Presence in a collaborative VR task. We explored three types of motion-tracking mechanisms: no motion-tracking beyond controllers, hand-tracking, and full-body motion-tracking with hand-tracking. To examine their influence on Social Presence, we designed a spatial collaboration task based on insights gained from semi-structured interviews (
N
= 6). Subsequently, we conducted a controlled VR experiment (
N
= 18), in which participants' counterparts employed the various motion-tracking technologies while performing said task. Our results demonstrate that realistic body movements do not influence self-reported Social Presence in VR. Nevertheless, they entail an increased interpersonal distance among users, attributable to a subconscious influence on Social Presence.
The Sociotechnical Stack: Opportunities for Social Computing Research in Non-Consensual Intimate Media
Authors: Qiwei Li , McDonald Allison , Haimson Oliver L. , Schoenebeck Sarita , Gilbert Eric
Published: November 2024

Non-consensual intimate media (NCIM) involves sharing intimate content without the depicted person's consent, including 'revenge porn' and sexually explicit deepfakes. While NCIM has received attention in legal, psychological, and communication fields over the past decade, it is not sufficiently addressed in computing scholarship. This paper addresses this gap by linking NCIM harms to the specific technological components that facilitate them. We introduce the
sociotechnical stack
, a conceptual framework designed to map the technical stack to its corresponding social impacts. The sociotechnical stack allows us to analyze sociotechnical problems like NCIM, and points toward opportunities for computing research. We propose a research roadmap for computing and social computing communities to deter NCIM perpetration and support victim-survivors through building and rebuilding technologies.
On the Use of Proxies in Political Ad Targeting
Authors: Sapiezynski Piotr , Kaplan Levi , Mislove Alan , Korolova Aleksandra
Published: November 2024

Detailed targeting of advertisements has long been one of the core offerings of online platforms. Unfortunately, malicious advertisers have frequently abused such targeting features, with results that range from violating civil rights laws to driving division, polarization, and even social unrest. Platforms have often attempted to mitigate this behavior by removing targeting attributes deemed problematic, such as inferred political leaning, religion, or ethnicity. In this work, we examine the effectiveness of these mitigations by collecting data from political ads placed on Facebook in the lead up to the 2022 U.S. midterm elections. We show that major political advertisers circumvented these mitigations by targeting proxy attributes: seemingly innocuous targeting criteria that closely correspond to political and racial divides in American society. We introduce novel methods for directly measuring the skew of various targeting criteria to quantify their effectiveness as proxies, and then examine the scale at which those attributes are used. Our findings have crucial implications for the ongoing discussion on the regulation of political advertising and emphasize the urgency for increased transparency.
From Viral Content to Real-Life Cuisine and Beyond: Examining Teenagers' Interactions with TikTok Food Videos and the Influence on their Food Practices
Authors: Wang Chun-Han Ariel , Sher Stephen Tsung-Han , Chung Chia-Fang
Published: November 2024

TikTok has gained immense popularity among teenagers, offering access to numerous user-generated content. Notably, food videos have emerged as a prominent theme on this short-form video social platform. The casual and enjoyable nature of short food videos on TikTok belies their potential influence on one of teenagers' most immediate and regular health practices--eating. Understanding how teenagers interact with these videos, their subsequent actions, and the resulting impact on their food practices and eating habits have the potential to provide insight into their broader lifestyle choices and their interactions within their social circles, including parents, friends, and other people online. By examining how teenagers use TikTok food videos online and offline, we gain a deeper understanding of the intricate relationship between social media, teenage lifestyle, and social dynamics surrounding food practices.

In this research, we conducted 15 semi-structured interviews with teenagers aged 13 to 19, investigating their consumption of TikTok food videos and the actions inspired by them. By examining the multifaceted influence of TikTok food videos from a temporal perspective, this study contributes to the reflections of teens' use of TikTok food videos and their inspired food practices in the short and long term, online and offline. We propose design and theoretical implications to support teenagers' health. These insights have the potential to extend to various contexts, helping educators, policymakers, and designers in fostering healthy lifestyles among teenagers.
"Positive reinforcement helps breed positive behavior": Moderator Perspectives on Encouraging Desirable Behavior
Authors: Lambert Charlotte , Choi Frederick , Chandrasekharan Eshwar
Published: November 2024

The role of a moderator is often characterized as solely punitive, however, moderators have the power to not only execute reactive and punitive actions but also create norms and support the values they want to see within their communities. One way moderators can proactively foster healthy communities is through positive reinforcement, but we do not currently know whether moderators on Reddit enforce their norms by providing positive feedback to desired contributions. To fill this gap in our knowledge, we surveyed 115 Reddit moderators to build two taxonomies: one for the content and behavior that actual moderators want to encourage and another taxonomy of actions moderators take to encourage desirable contributions. We found that prosocial behavior, engaging with other users, and staying within the topic and norms of the subreddit are the most frequent behaviors that moderators want to encourage. We also found that moderators are taking actions to encourage desirable contributions, specifically through built-in Reddit mechanisms (e.g., upvoting), replying to the contribution, and explicitly approving the contribution in the moderation queue. Furthermore, moderators reported taking these actions specifically to reinforce desirable behavior to the original poster and other community members, even though many of the actions are anonymous, so the recipients are unaware that they are receiving feedback from moderators. Importantly, some moderators who do not currently provide feedback do not object to the practice. Instead, they are discouraged by the lack of explicit tools for positive reinforcement and the fact that their fellow moderators are not currently engaging in methods for encouragement. We consider the taxonomy of actions moderators take, the reasons moderators are deterred from providing encouragement, and suggestions from the moderators themselves to discuss implications for designing tools to provide positive feedback.
Code-ifying the Law: How Disciplinary Divides Afflict the Development of Legal Software
Authors: Escher Nel , Bilik Jeffrey , Banovic Nikola , Green Ben
Published: November 2024

Proponents of legal automation believe that translating the law into code can improve the legal system. However, research and reporting suggest that legal software systems often contain flawed translations of the law, resulting in serious harms such as terminating children's healthcare and charging innocent people with fraud. Efforts to identify and contest these mistranslations after they arise treat the symptoms of the problem, but fail to prevent them from emerging. Meanwhile, existing recommendations to improve the development of legal software remain untested, as there is little empirical evidence about the translation process itself. In this paper, we investigate the behavior of fifteen teams---nine composed of only computer scientists and six of computer scientists and legal experts---as they attempt to translate a bankruptcy statute into software. Through an interpretative qualitative analysis, we characterize a significant epistemic divide between computer science and law and demonstrate that this divide contributes to errors, misunderstandings, and policy distortions in the development of legal software. Even when development teams included legal experts, communication breakdowns meant that the resulting tools predominantly presented incorrect legal advice and adopted inappropriately harsh legal standards. Study participants did not recognize the errors in the tools they created. We encourage policymakers and researchers to approach legal software with greater skepticism, as the disciplinary divide between computer science and law creates an endemic source of error and mistranslation in the production of legal software.
Stuck in Isabel's Garden: Anthropomorphic Metaphors and the Oversimplification of Digital Privacy
Authors: Seberger John S.
Published: November 2024

Digital privacy is confusing. As such, technology companies deploy anthropomorphic metaphors to simplify what digital privacy means. By leveraging the familiarity of the body, such metaphors ostensibly make the intangible complexity of
digital
privacy graspable. Yet by anthropomorphizing technologies involved in the transformation of the discourse of privacy into a discourse of
digital
privacy, such metaphors confound the promise of ''more-than-human'' ontology. Through constant comparative analysis of the role that human embodiment plays in historical and contemporary discourses of privacy, this paper weighs the philosophical costs of using anthropomorphic metaphors to simplify the discourse of
digital
privacy. I argue that anthropomorphic metaphors problematically align contemporary technologies with an anachronistic discourse of the human, rather than productively surfacing more-than-human possibilities for understanding entangled modes of being. I provide theoretical implications for research in computing that hopes to harness the non-anthropocentric sensitivity of the ''more-than-human'' to effect responsible change in the world.
Did the Roll-Out of Community Notes Reduce Engagement With Misinformation on X/Twitter?
Authors: Chuai Yuwei , Tian Haoye , Pröllochs Nicolas , Lenzini Gabriele
Published: November 2024

Developing interventions that successfully reduce engagement with misinformation on social media is challenging. One intervention that has recently gained great attention is X/Twitter's Community Notes (previously known as "Birdwatch"). Community Notes is a crowdsourced fact-checking approach that allows users to write textual notes to inform others about potentially misleading posts on X/Twitter. Yet, empirical evidence regarding its effectiveness in reducing engagement with misinformation on social media is missing. In this paper, we perform a large-scale empirical study to analyze whether the introduction of the Community Notes feature and its roll-out to users in the U.S. and around the world have reduced engagement with misinformation on X/Twitter in terms of retweet volume and likes. We employ Difference-in-Differences (DiD) models and Regression Discontinuity Design (RDD) to analyze a comprehensive dataset consisting of all fact-checking notes and corresponding source tweets since the launch of Community Notes in early 2021. Although we observe a significant increase in the volume of fact-checks carried out via Community Notes, particularly for tweets from verified users with many followers, we find no evidence that the introduction of Community Notes significantly reduced engagement with misleading tweets on X/Twitter. Rather, our findings suggest that Community Notes might be too slow to effectively reduce engagement with misinformation in the early (and most viral) stage of diffusion. Our work emphasizes the importance of evaluating fact-checking interventions in the field and offers important implications to enhance crowdsourced fact-checking strategies on social media.
Menopause Legacies: Designing to Record and Share Experiences of Menopause Across Generations
Authors: Chopra Shaan , Orii Lisa , Juarez Katherine , Tieanklin Nussara , Fogarty James , Munson Sean A.
Published: November 2024

Menopause is often overlooked or medicalized, consequently devaluing individual experiences and failing to support individuals experiencing this life event. Family dynamics, death, and taboo further mean that individuals often miss out on information that could help them contextualize their experiences. We examine participant experiences with menopause and explore designs of digital and non-digital legacies for sharing menopause experiences across generations. We conducted semi-structured interviews and design sessions with 17 participants who experienced or are experiencing menopause. We report participant information needs and sense-making practices, including what personalized information participants wish to pass down and preferred formats for intergenerational sharing. Findings highlight the potential of using storytelling and life-logging to create 'holistic' memories of the menopause journey, to support self-reflection, and for using legacies to initiate conversations about marginalized health experiences. We identify future design and research opportunities for the HCI and CSCW communities to support intergenerational sharing of non-medicalized and stigmatized health experiences.
Whose Participation Counts? Towards Technology-Mediated Equitable Futures of Development Work
Authors: Sharma Vishal , Mehta Shivani A. , Kumar Neha , Seth Aaditeshwar
Published: November 2024

Participatory approaches may empower community members toward their development; however, structural and identity-based factors may impede participation. It becomes imperative to critically examine the politics, dynamics, and rhetoric of participation in development contexts. We deconstruct the meaning, means, and need for participation by situating our study in the Indian government's growing efforts to digitalize a nationwide scheme implemented to support rural farmers' participation in natural resource management (NRM) to achieve secure employment and build climate change resilience. Capturing the situated essence through field studies that include observations, interviews, and focus groups, we systematically analyze challenges to participation in NRM and uncover the technological gaps affecting its workflow digitalization. We discuss sociotechnical considerations to meaningfully design and integrate digital technologies toward supporting equitable participation in achieving sustainable development.
Mending the Fabric: the Contentious, Collaborative Work of Repairing Broadband Maps
Authors: Palacios Abad Beatriz , Belding Elizabeth , Vigil-Hayes Morgan , Zegura Ellen
Published: November 2024

In 2011, the United Nations declared Internet access to be a basic human right. Achieving universal Internet access has been a longstanding goal of governments around the world. In the United States (US), provision depends primarily on decisions made by Internet Service Providers (ISPs) driven essentially by commercial market concerns. To encourage deployment in underserved regions, the US federal government has recently allocated unprecedented funding, with distributions guided by the information in broadband maps, spatial representations of current Internet access and quality published by the Federal Communication Commission. Yet, these maps are known to be inaccurate, especially for populations that are marginalized, such as tribal and rural residents. We are interested in the collaborative and contentious efforts to repair the data contained in broadband maps, and particularly by the efforts of citizen groups and local government to counter claims made by ISPs. In this paper, we study these efforts via interviews of 14 individuals involved in various local and regional roles, in policy, IT, advocacy, and research. We draw upon frameworks of repair and of data activism to ask who does this work and why; what tangible and intangible tools are brought to bear; and how the structural context simultaneously empowers and burdens repair workers. In doing so, we make three contributions: (i) we critique the process and system for broadband map repair for the burdens it places on historically marginalized groups to demonstrate how they have been left out of expansion and how their experiences are otherwise silent in official records; (ii) we bring together analytical concepts from repair and data arenas to examine repair work that is substantially shaped by socio, political, and economic context; and (iii) we illustrate how viewing broadband data workers as activists reveals the inadequacy of current tools and the opportunity for better support for their long-term, contextualized, and mediated efforts.
"Here's Your Evidence": False Consensus in Public Twitter Discussions of COVID-19 Science
Authors: Efstratiou Alexandros , Efstratiou Marina , Yudhoatmojo Satrio , Blackburn Jeremy , De Cristofaro Emiliano
Published: November 2024

The COVID-19 pandemic brought about an extraordinary rate of scientific papers on the topic that were discussed among the general public, although often in biased or misinformed ways. In this paper, we present a mixed-methods analysis aimed at examining whether public discussions were commensurate with the scientific consensus on several COVID-19 issues. We estimate scientific consensus based on samples of abstracts from preprint servers and compare against the volume of public discussions on Twitter mentioning these papers. We find that anti-consensus posts and users, though overall less numerous than pro-consensus ones, are vastly over-represented on Twitter, thus producing a false consensus effect. This transpires with favorable papers being disproportionately amplified, along with an influx of new anti-consensus user sign-ups. Finally, our content analysis highlights that anti-consensus users misrepresent scientific findings or question scientists' integrity in their efforts to substantiate their claims.
"I see it as a wellspring for my positive and upward journey in life.": Understanding Current Practices of Assistive Technology's Customized Modification in China
Authors: Yang Kexin , Wu Junyi , Xin Haokun , Gong Jiangtao
Published: November 2024

Due to the significant differences in physical conditions and living environments of people with disabilities, standardized assistive technologies (ATs) often fail to meet their needs. Modified AT, especially DIY (Do It Yourself) ATs, are a popular solution in many high-income countries, but there is a lack of documentation for low- and middle-income areas, especially in China, where the culture of philanthropy is undeveloped. To understand the current situation in this paper, we conducted semi-structured interviews with 10 individuals with disabilities using modified ATs and 10 individuals involved in providing these including family members, standard assistive device manufacturers, and individuals employed for their modification skills, etc. Based on the results of the thematic analysis, we have summarized the general process of modified ATs for people with disabilities in China and the benefits these devices bring. We found that modified ATs not only make the lives of people with disabilities more comfortable and convenient but also bring them confidence, reduce social pressure, and even help them achieve self-realization. Additionally, we summarized the challenges they encountered before, during, and after the modification, including awareness gaps, family resistance, a lack of a business model, and so on. Specifically, we conducted a special case study about the typical business models and challenges currently faced by AT Modification Organizations in China. Our research provides important design foundations and research insights for the future of universal and personalized production of AT.
"The struggle is a part of the experience": Engaging Discontents in the Design of Family Meal Technologies
Authors: Wu Yuxing , Miller Andrew D. , Chung Chia-Fang , Kaziunas Elizabeth
Published: November 2024

Meals are a central (and messy) part of family life. Previous design framings for mealtime technologies have focused on supporting dietary needs or social and celebratory interactions at the dinner table; however, family meals involve the coordination of many activities and complicated family dynamics. In this paper, we report on findings from interviews and design sessions with 18 families from the Midwestern United States (including both partners/parents and children) to uncover important family differences and tensions that arise around domestic meal experiences. Drawing on feminist theory, we unpack the work of feeding a family as a form of care, drawing attention to the social and emotional complexity of family meals. Critically situating our data within current design narratives, we propose the sensitizing concepts of generative and systemic discontents as a productive way towards troubling the design space of family-food interaction to contend with the struggles that are a part of everyday family meal experiences.
"Ultimately We're Together": Understanding New Parents' Experiences of Co-parenting
Authors: Lin Ya-Fang , Li Na , Huang Wan-Hsuan , Ecsedy Karen , Feinberg Mark E. , Teti Douglas , Carroll John M.
Published: November 2024

Positive co-parenting is critical for parenting and child outcomes, especially for new parents, who suffer from an increase in conflicts and decreased marital relationships. Investigating the practices, strategies, and challenges of new parents' co-parenting, including collaborating, supporting, and relating to each other, can help better understand this vulnerable parenting period. Furthermore, this understanding can bring insights to inform technology design for supporting co-parenting. In this paper, we present an overview of related research on parents' collaboration, support, and relationships. We then report findings from an exploratory semi-structured interview study with 11 pairs of new parents who are interested in co-parenting skills and unpack their helpful co-parenting strategies, tools, and challenges when applying those strategies. We conclude with a discussion of the design implications aiming to support new parents' positive co-parenting in their day-to-day lives and an observation that couples' co-parenting is a case of coproduction.
Beyond Recommendations: From Backward to Forward AI Support of Pilots' Decision-Making Process
Authors: Zhang Zelun Tony , Feger Sebastian S. , Dullenkopf Lucas , Liao Rulu , Süsslin Lou , Liu Yuanting , Butz Andreas
Published: November 2024

AI is anticipated to enhance human decision-making in high-stakes domains like aviation, but adoption is often hindered by challenges such as inappropriate reliance and poor alignment with users' decision-making. Recent research suggests that a core underlying issue is the recommendation-centric design of many AI systems, i.e., they give end-to-end recommendations and ignore the rest of the decision-making process. Alternative support paradigms are rare, and it remains unclear how the few that do exist compare to recommendation-centric support. In this work, we aimed to empirically compare recommendation-centric support to an alternative paradigm, continuous support, in the context of diversions in aviation. We conducted a mixed-methods study with 32 professional pilots in a realistic setting. To ensure the quality of our study scenarios, we conducted a focus group with four additional pilots prior to the study. We found that continuous support can support pilots' decision-making in a forward direction, allowing them to think more beyond the limits of the system and make faster decisions when combined with recommendations, though the forward support can be disrupted. Participants' statements further suggest a shift in design goal away from providing recommendations, to supporting quick information gathering. Our results show ways to design more helpful and effective AI decision support that goes beyond end-to-end recommendations.
Commit: Online Groups with Participation Commitments
Authors: Popowski Lindsay , Zhang Yutong , Bernstein Michael S.
Published: November 2024

In spite of efforts to increase participation, many online groups struggle to survive past the initial days, as members leave and activity atrophies. We argue that a main assumption of online group design---that groups ask nothing of their members beyond lurking---may be preventing many of these groups from sustaining a critical mass of participation. In this paper, we explore an alternative
commitment
design for online groups, which requires that all members commit at regular intervals to participating, as a condition of remaining in the group. We instantiate this approach in a mobile group chat platform called Commit, and perform a field study comparing commitment against a control condition of social psychological nudges with N=57 participants over three weeks. Commitment doubled the number of contributions versus the control condition, and resulted in 87% (vs. 19%) of participants remaining active by the third week. Participants reported that commitment provided safe cover for them to post even when they were nervous. Through this work, we argue that more effortful, not less effortful, membership may support many online groups.
Comparing the Willingness to Share for Human-generated vs. AI-generated Fake News
Authors: Bashardoust Amirsiavosh , Feuerriegel Stefan , Shrestha Yash Raj
Published: November 2024

Generative artificial intelligence (AI) presents large risks for society when it is used to create fake news. A crucial factor for fake news to go viral on social media is that users share such content. Here, we aim to shed light on the sharing behavior of users across human-generated vs. AI-generated fake news. Specifically, we study: (1) What is the perceived veracity of human-generated fake news vs. AI-generated fake news? (2) What is the user's willingness to share human-generated fake news vs. AI-generated fake news on social media? (3) What socio-economic characteristics let users fall for AI-generated fake news? To this end, we conducted a pre-registered, online experiment with N= 988 subjects and 20 fake news from the COVID-19 pandemic generated by GPT-4 vs. humans. Our findings show that AI-generated fake news is perceived as less accurate than human-generated fake news, but both tend to be shared equally. Further, several socio-economic factors explain who falls for AI-generated fake news.
Conversational Agents to Facilitate Deliberation on Harmful Content in WhatsApp Groups
Authors: Agarwal Dhruv , Shahid Farhana , Vashistha Aditya
Published: November 2024

WhatsApp groups have become a hotbed for the propagation of harmful content including misinformation, hate speech, polarizing content, and rumors, especially in Global South countries. Given the platform's end-to-end encryption, moderation responsibilities lie on group admins and members, who rarely contest such content. Another approach is fact-checking, which is unscalable, and can only contest factual content (e.g., misinformation) but not subjective content (e.g., hate speech). Drawing on recent literature, we explore deliberation---open and inclusive discussion---as an alternative. We investigate the role of a conversational agent in facilitating deliberation on harmful content in WhatsApp groups. We conducted semi-structured interviews with 21 Indian WhatsApp users, employing a design probe to showcase an example agent. Participants expressed the need for anonymity and recommended AI assistance to reduce the effort required in deliberation. They appreciated the agent's neutrality but pointed out the futility of deliberation in echo chamber groups. Our findings highlight design tensions for such an agent, including privacy versus group dynamics and freedom of speech in private spaces. We discuss the efficacy of deliberation using deliberative theory as a lens, compare deliberation with moderation and fact-checking, and provide design recommendations for future such systems. Ultimately, this work advances CSCW by offering insights into designing deliberative systems for combating harmful content in private group chats on social media.
Healing Structures: Sociotechnical Mechanisms for Centering Survivors of Domestic Violence within US-Based Marginalized Communities
Authors: Rabaan Hawra , Dombrowski Lynn
Published: November 2024

Domestic violence (DV) survivors from marginalized communities face serious challenges when seeking governmental services and community resources. Current resources often overlook victim-survivors' needs, neglecting their choices and autonomy. Through studying the context of DV within the US-based Muslim community and embracing a Survivor-Centered Transformative Justice approach, we introduce healing structures, structures promoting justice for victim-survivors and their communities, where healing is promoted by tackling harmful practices and discriminatory laws and fostering collective and survivor-centered interventions. Through focus groups, design concepts, and expert evaluations, we unveil three sociotechnical processes that establish healing structures for survivors and their communities when implemented collectively and simultaneously. The processes are: 1) Survivor advocacy, ensuring safety, empowerment, informed decision-making, and care continuity. 2) Community accountability, encouraging reparation and behavioral change of abusers through communal intervention and support. 3) Institutional transformation, reshaping broader conditions perpetuating abuse through preventive measures and structural reform. We conclude by reflecting on healing structures and discussing their design implications and potential tensions.