bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Turn it off and on again: characteristics and control of torpor
Authors: Ambler Michael , Hitrec Timna , Pickering Anthony
Published: March 2022

Torpor is a hypothermic, hypoactive, hypometabolic state entered into by a wide range of animals in response to environmental challenge. This review summarises the current understanding of torpor. We start by describing the characteristics of the wide-ranging physiological adaptations associated with torpor. Next follows a discussion of thermoregulation, control of food intake and energy expenditure, and the interactions of sleep and thermoregulation, with particular emphasis on how those processes pertain to torpor. We move on to review the evidence for the systems that control torpor entry, including both the efferent circulating factors that signal the need for torpor, and the central processes that orchestrate it. Finally, we consider how the putative circuits responsible for torpor induction integrate with the established understanding of thermoregulation under non-torpid conditions and highlight important areas of uncertainty for future studies.
The genome sequence of Gari tellinella (Lamarck, 1818), a sunset clam
Authors: Holmes Anna , Darbyshire Teresa , Brennan Mitchell , McTierney Sean , Small Allison ,   Marine Biological Association Genome Acquisition Lab,   Darwin Tree of Life Barcoding collective,   Wellcome Sanger Institute Tree of Life programme,   Wellcome Sanger Institute Scientific Operations: DNA Pipelines collective,   Tree of Life Core Informatics collective,   Darwin Tree of Life Consortium
Published: March 2022

We present a genome assembly from an individual Gari tellinella (Mollusca; Bivalvia; Cardiida; Psammobiidae). The genome sequence is 1,598 megabases in span. The majority of the assembly (99.85%) is scaffolded into 19 chromosomal pseudomolecules. The complete mitochondrial genome was also assembled and is 18.5 kilobases in length.
Hidden Integrality and Semirandom Robustness of SDP Relaxation for Sub-Gaussian Mixture Model
Authors: Fei Yingjie , Chen Yudong
Published: March 2022

We consider the problem of estimating the discrete clustering structures under the sub-Gaussian mixture model. Our main results establish a hidden integrality property of a semidefinite programming (SDP) relaxation for this problem: while the optimal solution to the SDP is not integer-valued in general, its estimation error can be upper bounded by that of an idealized integer program. The error of the integer program, and hence that of the SDP, are further shown to decay exponentially in the signal-to-noise ratio. In addition, we show that the SDP relaxation is robust under the semirandom setting in which an adversary can modify the data generated from the mixture model. In particular, we generalize the hidden integrality property to the semirandom model and thereby show that SDP achieves the optimal error bound in this setting. These results together highlight the “global-to-local” mechanism that drives the performance of the SDP relaxation. To the best of our knowledge, our result is the first exponentially decaying error bound for convex relaxations of mixture models. A corollary of our results shows that in certain regimes, the SDP solutions are in fact integral and exact. More generally, our results establish sufficient conditions for the SDP to correctly recover the cluster memberships of [Formula: see text] fraction of the points for any [Formula: see text]. As a special case, we show that under the [Formula: see text]-dimensional stochastic ball model, SDP achieves nontrivial (sometimes exact) recovery when the center separation is as small as [Formula: see text], which improves upon previous exact recovery results that require constant separation.
¿Qué hace a los perritos de la pradera tan buenos ingenieros de su ecosistema?
Authors: Martínez-Cárdenas Anahí , Basaldúa-González Sonia , Vargas-Trejo Karen J. , Coronel-Ayala Eder J. F.
Published: March 2022

La modificación del hábitat involucra organismos que directa o indirectamente controlan la disponibilidad de recursos para otras especies a través de cambios físicos, químicos o estructurales, a este proceso se le llama ingeniería de los ecosistemas. Se ha propuesto como un mecanismo importante para mantener una alta biodiversidad a escala del paisaje; es decir, a nivel del hábitat mediante el aumento de su diversidad.
Use of collagen and negative pressure wound therapy on a diabetic foot ulcer: a case study
Authors: Cifuentes Marcela Pacheco
Published: March 2022

This case study describes the combined use of a wound contact layer dressing containing collagen with negative pressure wound therapy (NPWT) on a diabetic foot ulcer (DFU). The patient was treated at a university hospital in Santiago, Chile. A wound size reduction of 58% was observed within the first 10 weeks of treatment, and the wound went on to heal fully over the next 14 weeks. The combined use of collagen and NPWT helped to initiate healing and prevent amputation of the foot. At 64, the patient was able to maintain his independence and quality of life.
Soy Flour Substitution in Polymeric Diphenylmethane Diisocyanate Resin Reduces Press Platen Sticking*
Authors: Asafu-Adjaye Osei , Alawode Abiodun Oluseun , Via Brian , Banerjee Sujit
Published: March 2022

Partial (10% to 30%) substitution of soy flour in polymeric diphenylmethane diisocyanate (pMDI) resin substantially reduces platen sticking during hot-pressing of particle mats. Adding the soy flour to a fixed dose of pMDI (instead of substituting it) reduces platen sticking to an even greater extent. The soy decreases the tack of cured pMDI, thereby reducing the propensity of resinated particles to transfer to the platen. The tack reduction effect of soy on cured pMDI contrasts with its effect on uncured pMDI, where the cold tack is increased.
Color vision deficiencies and camouflage: a comparative study between normal and CVD observers
Authors: Martínez-Domingo Miguel Ángel , Galdón Alba , Gómez-Robledo Luis , Huertas Rafael , Hernández-Andrés Javier , Valero Eva M.
Published: March 2022

There is a belief that observers with color vision deficiencies (CVD) perform better in detecting camouflaged objects than normal observers. Some studies have concluded contradictory findings when studying the performance of normal and CVD observers in the camouflage detection tasks in different conditions. This work presents a literature review on this topic, dividing it into three different and contradictory types of results: better performance for CVD, for normal observers, or same performance. Besides, two psychophysical experiments have been designed and carried out in a calibrated computer monitor on both normal and CVD human observers to measure the searching times of the different types of observers needed to find camouflaged stimuli in two different types of stimuli. Results show the trend that, in our experimental conditions, normal observers need shorter searching times than CVD observers in finding camouflaged stimuli both in images of natural scenes and in images with synthetic stimuli.
Slow saturable absorption for optimal operation in a soliton comb laser
Authors: Kang Zhe , Wang Yinghe , Wang Shaokang , Zheng Zi-Wei , Zhang Xianting , Menyuk Curtis R.
Published: March 2022

In this article, we study how the choice of parameters of a slow saturable absorber (SSA) affects the stable operation of a soliton fiber comb laser. We show that a shorter recovery time for the SSA does not always lead to shorter modelocked pulses. Instead, increasing the cavity gain plays a critical role in generating stable modelocked pulses with higher energy and shorter durations. We find that more stable, shorter, and more energetic output pulses can be achieved with lower saturation energies of the SSA and/or higher anomalous dispersion within the cavity.
Characterizing aircraft wake vortex position and strength using LiDAR measurements processed with artificial neural networks
Authors: Wartha Niklas , Stephan Anton , Holzäpfel Frank , Rotshteyn Grigory
Published: March 2022

The position and strength of wake vortices captured by LiDAR (Light Detection and Ranging) instruments are usually determined by conventional approaches such as the Radial Velocity (RV) method. Promising wake vortex detection results of LiDAR measurements using machine learning and operational drawbacks of the comparatively slow traditional processing methods motivate exploring the suitability of Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs) for quantitatively estimating the position and strength of aircraft wake vortices. The ANNs are trained by a unique data set of wake vortices generated by aircraft during final approach, which are labeled using the RV method. First comparisons reveal the potential of custom Convolutional Neural Networks in comparison to readily available resources as well as traditional LiDAR processing algorithms.
Real-time reconstruction using electro-optics modulator-based structured illumination microscopy
Authors: Xu Fanghui , Zhang Jiachen , Ding Dongdong , Liu Wenjie , Zheng Chi , Zhou Sijia , Chen Youhua , Kuang Cuifang
Published: March 2022

Structured illumination microscopy (SIM), a super-resolution technology, has a wide range of applications in life sciences. In this study, we present an electro-optic high-speed phase-shift super-resolution microscopy imaging system including 2D SIM, total internal reflection fluorescence-SIM, and 3D SIM modes. This system uses galvanometers and an electro-optic modulator to flexibly and quickly control the phase and direction of structured illumination patterns. Moreover, its design consists of precise timing for improved acquisition speed and software architecture for real-time reconstruction. The highest acquisition rate achieved was 151 frames/s, while the highest real-time super-resolution reconstruction frame rate achieved was over 25 frames/s.
Trap frequency measurement with a pulsed atom laser
Authors: Henson B. M. , Thomas K. F. , Mehdi Z. , Burnett T. G. , Ross J. A. , Hodgman S. S. , Truscott A. G.
Published: March 2022

We describe a novel method of single-shot trap frequency measurement for a confined Bose-Einstein Condensate, which uses an atom laser to repeatedly sample the mean velocity of trap oscillations as a function of time. The method is able to determine the trap frequency to an accuracy of 39 ppm (16 mHz) in a single experimental realization, improving on the literature by a factor of three. Further, we show that by employing a reconstructive aliasing approach our method can be applied to trap frequencies more than a factor of 3 greater than the sampling frequency.
Regulation of sedimentation rate shapes the evolution of multicellularity in a close unicellular relative of animals
Authors: Dudin Omaya , Wielgoss Sébastien , New Aaron M. , Ruiz-Trillo Iñaki
Published: March 2022

Significant increases in sedimentation rate accompany the evolution of multicellularity. These increases should lead to rapid changes in ecological distribution, thereby affecting the costs and benefits of multicellularity and its likelihood to evolve. However, how genetic and cellular traits control this process, their likelihood of emergence over evolutionary timescales, and the variation in these traits as multicellularity evolves are still poorly understood. Here, using isolates of the ichthyosporean genus Sphaeroforma-close unicellular relatives of animals with brief transient multicellular life stages-we demonstrate that sedimentation rate is a highly variable and evolvable trait affected by at least 2 distinct physical mechanisms. First, we find extensive (>300×) variation in sedimentation rates for different Sphaeroforma species, mainly driven by size and density during the unicellular-to-multicellular life cycle transition. Second, using experimental evolution with sedimentation rate as a focal trait, we readily obtained, for the first time, fast settling and multicellular Sphaeroforma arctica isolates. Quantitative microscopy showed that increased sedimentation rates most often arose by incomplete cellular separation after cell division, leading to clonal “clumping” multicellular variants with increased size and density. Strikingly, density increases also arose by an acceleration of the nuclear doubling time relative to cell size. Similar size- and density-affecting phenotypes were observed in 4 additional species from the Sphaeroforma genus, suggesting that variation in these traits might be widespread in the marine habitat. By resequencing evolved isolates to high genomic coverage, we identified mutations in regulators of cytokinesis, plasma membrane remodeling, and chromatin condensation that may contribute to both clump formation and the increase in the nuclear number-to-volume ratio. Taken together, this study illustrates how extensive cellular control of density and size drive sedimentation rate variation, likely shaping the onset and further evolution of multicellularity.
A qualitative inquiry of rural-urban inequalities in the distribution and retention of healthcare workers in southern Nigeria
Authors: Nwankwo Ogonna N. O. , Ugwu Chukwuebuka I. , Nwankwo Grace I. , Akpoke Michael A. , Anyigor Collins , Obi-Nwankwo Uzoma , Andrew Sunday , Nwogu Kelechukwu , Spicer Neil
Published: March 2022

Introduction

Globally, the population in rural communities are disproportionately cared for by only 25% and 38% of the total physicians and nursing staff, respectively; hence, the poor health outcomes in these communities. This condition is worse in Nigeria by the critical shortage of skilled healthcare workforce. This study aimed to explore factors responsible for the uneven distribution of healthcare workers (physicians and nurses) to rural areas of Ebonyi State, Nigeria.

Methods

Qualitative data were obtained using semi-structured in-depth interviews and focus group discussions from purposively selected physicians, nurses, and policymakers in the state. Data was analysed for themes related to factors influencing the mal-distribution of healthcare workers (physicians and nurses) to rural areas. The qualitative analysis involved the use of both inductive and deductive reasoning in an iterative manner.

Results

This study showed that there were diverse reasons for the uneven distribution of skilled healthcare workers in Ebonyi State. This was broadly classified into three themes; socio-cultural, healthcare system, and personal healthcare workers’ intrinsic factors. The socio-cultural factors include symbolic capital and stigma while healthcare system and governance issues include poor human resources for health policy and planning, work resources and environment, decentralization, salary differences, skewed distribution of tertiary health facilities to urban area and political interference. The intrinsic healthcare workers’ factors include career progression and prospect, negative effect on family life, personal characteristics and background, isolation, personal perceptions and beliefs.

Conclusions

There may be a need to implement both non-financial and financial actions to encourage more urban to rural migration of healthcare workers (physicians and nurses) and to provide incentives for the retention of rural-based health workers.
The Sounds of 8-Bit Nostalgia: The Resurgence of Chiptune Music in Contemporary Film-Based Videogames
Authors: Waxman Jonathan
Published: March 2022

My study focuses on a trend from the 1980s and 1990s that has recently been revived: releasing 8-bit game versions of movies with a cult following. Like their decades old counterparts, these games, such as Manos: The Hands of Fate (2012) and The Room Tribute Game (2010) take memorable sections of the musical score, transform them into chiptune music, and employ them to underscore the gameplay during relevant stages. Comparing the music for the original films with the sections chosen for their chiptune adaptations as well as the games’ marketing allows an analysis of how the chiptune music expresses nostalgia both through recollections of the original film music and 1980s chiptune audio. In this way, the games convey nostalgia through their faithfulness to the original film score as well as their fidelity to the conventions of 8-bit gameplay and audio.
You Unlock This Game with the Key of Imagination: The Twilight Zone: The Game (2014), Musical Parody, and the Sound of Nostalgia
Authors: Wissner Reba A.
Published: March 2022

In September 2014, Legacy Interactive released a hidden object-meets-roleplaying game for PC based on the classic television series, The Twilight Zone (1959-1964). This paper examines the use of the music in The Twilight Zone: The Game and its contribution to the aural aesthetic that CBS music department worked so tirelessly for the television series to achieve. By using some of the most prominent musical motives and sound effects from the television series’ scores, or in some cases creating modified versions of them, the game functions as much more than a role-playing game: it immerses the player in a nostalgic world.
“This Game Stinks”: Musical Parody and Nostalgia in EarthBound
Authors: Sextro Justin
Published: March 2022

In this chapter, I posit that EarthBound’s music parodies contemporaneous role- playing game (RPG) conventions with nostalgic references, quotations, and samples of popular music and culture. By incorporating musical pop culture references as generic subversive elements, EarthBound utilizes elements of both parody and nostalgia. Read between these two concepts, the hodgepodge soundtrack coalesces to create an imaginary American suburban soundscape, one in which nostalgia plays an important role in the game narrative and which directly engages with players’ lived experiences.
PRINCÍPIO DA PRECAUÇÃO E O DESAFIO DA SUSTENTABILIDADE: UMA PERSPECTIVA DA FILOSOFIA PRÁTICA
Authors: De Almeida Vieira Paulo Eduardo , Altmann Berwig Juliane , Weyermuller André Rafael
Published: March 2022

Contextualização do tema: há uma tendência, hegemônica, de priorizar o crescimento econômico em detrimento do desenvolvimento sustentável. Daí deriva a agressão aos bens da natureza e a própria teia da vida. Está coloca em xeque, a sociedade de risco e o destino do homem.Objetivos: diante deste cenário, o presente artigo objetiva esboçar a possível contribuição da filosofia prática e da phrónesis para uma maior efetividade do princípio da precaução tomada como instrumento normativo apto ao enfrentamento dos problemas, ameaças e tragédias ambientais.Metodologia:A metodologia da pesquisa adotada é a exploratória, com método de abordagem dedutivo, utilizando-se da pesquisa bibliográfica como procedimento técnico.Resultados: Como resultado, diante da necessidade de sustentabilidade, aponta-se o princípio da precaução com um papel fundamental, devendo ser estudado e compreendido funcionalmente e em conexão com os seus efeitos práticos e jurídicos. Assim, a filosofia prática, enquanto mediação pode ser uma alternativa para que seja desvelada a sua melhor inteligência e aplicação empírica nos casos de controle de riscos ambientais.
A MULTIFUNCIONALIDADE DA BOA-FÉ OBJETIVA E A REVELAÇÃO DE CONDUTAS DAS PARTES NO CONTRATO PARA SEREM ATENDIDAS: REALIDADES SOCIOJURÍDICAS
Authors: Faria de Carvalho Diógenes , Lopes Matsushita Thiago , Ishikawa Lauro
Published: March 2022

Contextualização do tema: A boa-fé objetiva é informadora das relações de consumo; importante compreender os reflexos decorrentes de sua funcionalização nas relações obrigacionais.O princípio da boa-fé objetiva descrito no art.4o., III, do Código de Defesa do Consumidor (CDC) não é só visto como defesa do consumidor vulnerável, mas também atua como critério auxiliar na viabilização dos ditames constitucionais sobre a ordem econômica, compatibilizando interesses contraditórios.Objetivos: o objetivo do presente artigo é identificar, tanto na Constituição Federal quanto na anatomia do Código de Defesa do Consumidor, a amplitude da orientação principiológica da boa-fé e diretiva do microssistema para a proteção e a defesa do consumidor, sob o cotejo da multifuncionalidade da boa-fé objetiva e sua contextualização como um conceito ético e econômico, que se dirige para o aspecto externo na economia contratual e harmonização dos interesses dos consumidores, sem deixar de referenciar a Lei 14.181/21, sobre prevenção e tratamento do consumidor superendividado.  Metodologia: utiliza-se na pesquisa o método científico dedutivo, com investigação em doutrinas, jurisprudências e legislações nacionais e internacionais referentes ao tema.Resultados: conclui-se, em síntese, diante do trabalho realizado que o direito está se abrindo para uma certa porosidade, a fim de dar relevância à boa-fé e demais valores sociais e éticos que ingressam na esfera jurídica sob as vestes da boa-fé objetiva, revelando sua multifuncionalidade.
Treatment With Balloon Angioplasty of Chronic Portal Vein Thrombosis
Authors: Tumgor Gokhan , Yavuz Sibel , Uskudar Oguz , Ozkan Ugur
Published: March 2022

The therapeutic options in portal vein thrombosis cases of young age and low weight, as in this case, are limited. Interventional radiologists also have minimal experience in pediatric patients. There are no reported cases anywhere worldwide, especially in this age group. However, we think that balloon angioplasty can be safely applied in cases in which esophageal variceal bleeding cannot be controlled using traditional treatment.
Severe Cholestatic Hepatitis Secondary to SARS-CoV-2
Authors: Lindholm Christopher R. , Zhang Xiaofei , Spengler Erin K. , Daniel Kimberly E.
Published: March 2022

Liver injury is a common manifestation of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), with most injuries manifesting as transient mild hepatocellular injury. Cholestatic injury occurs less commonly and is typically mild. Severe cholestatic injury is rare, with only 4 cases reported in the literature. We present a 70-year-old woman with no known liver disease who presented with severe COVID-19 and developed severe cholestatic hepatitis. A liver biopsy was performed demonstrating bile duct injury, uncommonly reported in patients with COVID-19. This complication needs greater awareness because it has been known to cause progressive liver disease requiring transplantation.
The Influence of Intellectual Capital on the Performance of Employees: A Case Study of PT BPR Syariah Bangun Drajat Warga
Authors: Syarifuddin Nur , Faradis Jauhar
Published: March 2022

The performance of employees is very influential for the success of an organization or company. To achieve the company goals, every company needs good performance from employees, both quality and quantity. This research was conducted to analyze how the influence of intellectual capital, consisting of human capital, structural capital, and customer capital, to the performance of employees of PT BPR Syariah Bangun Drajat Warga. This research uses the saturated sampling technique, which utilized all employees of PT BPR Syariah Bangun Drajat Warga as samples. This research uses primary data obtained from the survey using questionnaires and interviews. The data analysis methods in this research are validity testing, reliability testing, classical assumption testing, and multiple linear regression analysis using IBM SPSS Statistics 19. The results show that human capital and structural capital do not have a significant positive influence on the performance of employees. However, customer capital has a significant positive influence on the performance of employees.
Identidades y posiciones docentes en la relación profesor-universidad: Un estudio de grupos focales con docentes de la Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México
Authors: Benavides-Lara Mario , De Aguero-Servín Mercedes , Rendón-Cazales Víctor , Pompa-Mansilla Maura
Published: March 2022

El propósito de este trabajo es identificar la manera en cómo la universidad incide en la conformación identitaria de sus docentes, a partir del análisis de las posiciones que éstos asumen en relación con la institución como una entidad que media la construcción de las experiencias y trayectorias de las y los profesores universitarios. Sobre el diseño metodológico, se llevaron a cabo ocho grupos focales en el que participaron 86 docentes de bachillerato y licenciatura de la Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM). Para realizar el análisis, conceptualmente se partió de las discusiones en torno a las identidades docentes y se construyó un andamiaje analítico con base en trabajos sobre interseccionalidad, análisis institucional y el concepto de posiciones, que proviene de los análisis del discurso. En cuanto a los resultados, se señalan las posiciones docentes de inclusión y pertenencia, que en la literatura se han identificado como claves para entender las formas de construcción de las identidades docentes. También existen posiciones docentes menos estudiadas de diferenciación, exclusión y desigualdad, que se ponen de relevancia en este trabajo, y que contribuyen a entender las formas en cómo las y los profesores se relacionan con la universidad como parte de los procesos de construcción de sus identidades docentes. Finalmente se hace un llamado a atender desde las políticas universitarias las estructuras institucionales que generan estas formas de exclusión y desigualdad en las y los profesores universitarios.
Financial Performance: An Early Abandoned or Independently Sufficient Approach. (A Systematic Literature Review)
Authors: Ait Jillali Sanae , Belkasseh Mohammed
Published: March 2022

The organizational performance is a central subject of management sciences since it occupies an axial position in the control and steering mechanisms. Several researchers have tried to explore it and fix it by relying on certain concepts that are easy to grasp, including effectiveness and efficiency. Furthermore, dissecting it by dimensions according to approaches such as; the goal achievement model, the resource acquisition model, and theories like; the stakeholder theory.

In the literature, the financial approach was most advocated for judging and measuring the success of any business. Besides, many authors have affirmed that with the development and inseparability of social, economic, and environmental factors, the financial aspect becomes insufficient and abandoned.

It is in this perspective that the present paper, by being part of a series of works seeking to clarify the contours of organizational performance, aims to provide answers to the problem of the relative importance given to financial indicators and their reliability for the evaluation and measurement of performance in different contexts. Based on literature and main models of performance, we tried to collect then analyze a set of theoretical and empirical articles likely to better display the perception of financial performance by the organization and its shareholders, as well as the role of this dimension in translating the financial success (using purely economic PIs) or global prowess (leaning on extra-financial PIs) of companies regardless of their structure. Knowing that the performance doesn’t have the same meanings depending on features and many factors specific to the company.
Cortico-Striatal Control over Adaptive Goal-Directed Responding Elicited by Cues Signaling Sucrose Reward or Punishment
Authors: Hamel Laurie , Cavdaroglu Bilgehan , Yeates Dylan , Nguyen David , Riaz Sadia , Patterson Dylan , Khan Nisma , Kirolos Nardin , Roper Katherine , Ha Quynh An , Ito Rutsuko
Published: March 2022

The medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) and nucleus accumbens (NAc) have been associated with the expression of adaptive and maladaptive behavior elicited by fear-related and drug-associated cues. However, reported effects of mPFC manipulations on cue-elicited natural reward-seeking and inhibition thereof have been varied, with few studies examining cortico-striatal contributions in tasks that require adaptive responding to cues signaling reward and punishment within the same session. The current study aimed to better elucidate the role of mPFC and NAc subdivisions, and their functional connectivity in cue-elicited adaptive responding using a novel discriminative cue responding task. Male Long–Evans rats learned to lever-press on a VR5 schedule for a discriminative cue signaling reward, and to avoid pressing the same lever in the presence of another cue signaling punishment. Postacquisition, prelimbic (PL) and infralimbic (IL) areas of the mPFC, NAc core, shell, PL-core, or IL-shell circuits were pharmacologically or chemogenetically inhibited while animals performed under (1) nonreinforced (extinction) conditions, where the appetitive and aversive cues were presented in alternating trials alone or as a compound stimulus; and (2) reinforced conditions, whereby cued responding was accompanied by associated outcomes. PL and IL inactivation attenuated nonreinforced and reinforced goal-directed cue responding, whereas NAc core and shell inactivation impaired nonreinforced responding for the appetitive, but not aversive cue. Furthermore, PL-core and IL-shell inhibition disinhibited nonreinforced but not reinforced cue responding. Our findings implicate the mPFC as a site of confluence of motivationally significant cues and outcomes, and in the regulation of nonreinforced cue responding via downstream NAc targets.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTThe ability to discriminate and respond appropriately to environmental cues that signal availability of reward or punishment is essential for survival. The medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) and nucleus accumbens (NAc) have been implicated in adaptive and maladaptive behavior elicited by fear-related and drug-associated cues. However, less is known about the role they play in orchestrating adaptive responses to natural reward and punishment cues within the same behavioral task. Here, using a novel discriminative cue responding task combined with pharmacological or chemogenetic inhibition of mPFC, NAc and mPFC-NAc circuits, we report that mPFC is critically involved in responding to changing cued response-outcomes, both when the responses are reinforced, and nonreinforced. Furthermore, the mPFC coordinates nonreinforced discriminative cue responding by suppressing inappropriate responding via downstream NAc targets.
Encuesta sobre violencia contra las mujeres en el hogar en una localidad de Guadalupe, Zacatecas, México. Un enfoque sobre prevención social de la violencia (PAPIIT UNAM IA300118)
Authors: Serrano Sánchez Olga , Espinosa Luna Carolina , Lemus Ramírez Carlos
Published: March 2022

En el marco de un proyecto sobre prevención social de la violencia, se presentan los resultados de una encuesta representativa sobre violencia contra las mujeres en el hogar en una localidad de Zacatecas. De acuerdo con un análisis de regresión logística bivariada se concluye que las mujeres más jóvenes, que trabajan por un salario y viven en unión libre tienen más riesgo de ser víctimas de violencia en el hogar. En cambio, las mujeres que gozan de mayor libertad para la toma de decisiones y que comparten labores del hogar con sus parejas tienen menor riesgo. Con base en estos resultados, se esbozan ejes de intervención que se propone articular con una medida integral para la prevención de la violencia en la localidad.
Cómo estudiar la dimensión emocional en los movimientos sociales
Authors: Poma Alice , Gravante Tommaso
Published: March 2022

El artículo presenta cómo insertar las emociones como variables de análisis en el estudio de los movimientos sociales. Después de aclarar quiénes son nuestro objeto de estudio, es decir, los movimientos sociales y el activismo de base, presentaremos el enfoque sociocultural de las emociones que caracteriza esta línea de estudio. En la parte central del texto se presentarán algunos de los conceptos clave de James M. Jasper, a partir del trabajo más reciente de 2018, evidenciando la solidez de estos conceptos, así como su utilidad a la hora de aplicarlos. Por último, en las conclusiones se compartirán algunas recomendaciones dirigidas a estimular la difusión de esta línea de investigación.
El trabajo con textos publicitarios en las escuelas para promover el desarrollo de la lectura crítica
Authors: Fernández Martha Liliana
Published: March 2022

El presente artículo de reflexión es producto de una investigación elaborada en el 2021 para la Facultad de Ciencias Sociales, Humanidades y Artes de la Universidad Autónoma de Bucaramanga, cuyo objetivo fue diseñar una propuesta pedagógica para promover el mejoramiento de los procesos de comprensión de lectura y de lectura crítica a través del análisis del discurso publicitario en los estudiantes de quinto de primaria del colegio San Luis del municipio de Aratoca. La propuesta partió de un diagnóstico sobre las problemáticas que limitan la comprensión de lectura, y de un proceso de revisión de literatura para orientar estrategias concretas de solución a la problemática.

En este artículo se plantea como objetivo esencial profundizar el conocimiento de las cualidades, usos y funciones de los textos publicitarios, como herramientas que pueden no solo ayudar a mejorar los procesos de comprensión de lectura, sino también a formar ciudadanos más críticos y reflexivos, que tengan la capacidad de diferenciar la realidad de las representaciones que se presentan en la publicidad.

Se parte de reconocer que, a nivel general, existe una marcada polarización entre la escuela y los medios de comunicación, pues obedecen a finalidades distintas: la primera dirigida a la formación de ciudadanos, y la segunda a la creación de hábitos de consumo. Sin embargo, es preciso superar dicha polarización a través de prácticas reflexivas que les permitan a los estudiantes entender mejor la intención de los textos publicitarios y potenciar además capacidades asociadas a la lectura y el pensamiento crítico.
Secuencia didáctica en educación remota basada en metodología Steam y enfocada en los Ods con estudiantes del grado undécimo del Colegio Americano de Bucaramanga
Authors: Mendoza Santos Jhon Anderson
Published: March 2022

En el presente artículo se plantea como objetivo evaluar el efecto obtenido luego de aplicar una secuencia didáctica basada en el modelo STEAM y enfocada en los Objetivos de Desarrollo Sostenible (ODS). La evaluación se hace mediante la aplicación de la prueba de actitudes hacia temas ambientales de Fuentealba y Soto (2016) antes y después de la aplicación de la secuencia, considerando únicamente los ítems que se relacionan con los problemas ambientales “agua”, “energía”, “espacios naturales”, “reciclaje” y “transporte”. La prueba se aplica a un grupo experimental y un grupo de control, cada grupo está conformado por 25 estudiantes de undécimo grado. Los resultados evidencian que la secuencia tuvo un impacto sobre el grupo experimental. Cuantitativamente se evalúa con la prueba t de student para muestras relacionadas, comparando los resultados obtenidos por el grupo experimental antes y después de la aplicación de la secuencia. La prueba arroja un p-valor de 0.000, lo que indica que estadísticamente hay diferencia significativa entre los resultados de la prueba con un nivel de confianza del 95%. Al hacer la misma comparación para el grupo de control, se obtuvo un p-valor de 0.291 con confianza del 95%, lo cual implica que no hay diferencia significativa entre los resultados obtenidos por este grupo. Cualitativamente, los comentarios de algunos estudiantes manifiestan interés por temas ambientales particulares demuestran fascinación con noticias relevantes, curiosidad al realizar preguntas que encontraron relevantes, y una actitud y disposición por la realización de las actividades de la secuencia didáctica.
Discurso de interacción social de Teun Van Dijk y desarrollo de competencia oral en estudiantes de bachillerato de la Escuela industrial 20 de julio, Puerto Wilches
Authors: Vargas Reyes Deysi Johanna
Published: March 2022

En el presente artículo de reflexión se exponen aspectos importantes sobre la incidencia de la teoría del discurso de interacción social de Teun Van Dijk, en el desarrollo de la competencia oral de los estudiantes de noveno grado. El trabajo partió de la identificación del problema, el cual está centrado en fortalecer la oralidad de los estudiantes, además de optimizar la interacción social mediante el uso adecuado del discurso. Con base en ello, se procedió a una documentación amplia que fue plasmada en el marco teórico en el que se tuvieron en cuenta aspectos tales como: La teoría del discurso de interacción social, la competencia oral y la expresión oral  que serán la  base para el proceso metodológico, y que se ejecutará mediante un enfoque cualitativo, método Investigación – Acción, en el que participarán cinco docentes del área de lengua castellana que responderán preguntas planteadas de acuerdo a las categorías de análisis referente al discursos de interacción social, dimensiones del habla y discurso y sociedad. Asimismo, entrarán al escenario nueve estudiantes del grado noveno que desarrollarán una prueba diagnóstica en el que se tendrán en cuenta las categorías ya mencionadas. Es preciso señalar que la información recolectada será registrada en un diario de campo que permitirá un análisis minucioso de los fenómenos detectados. En cuanto a los resultados, se espera que la estrategia didáctica ayude al desarrollo de habilidades orales de los estudiantes y mejorando sus procesos comunicativos entre estudiante – estudiante y estudiante – docente.
ПРОБІОТИЧНІ КОРМОВІ ДОБАВКИ В ГОДІВЛІ СІЛЬСЬКОГОСПОДАРСЬКИХ ТВАРИН
Authors: Кананихіна О. М. , Єгоров Б. В. , Турпурова Т. М.
Published: March 2022

У статті наведено сучасну класифікацію кормових добавок за видами тварин (для свиней, ВРХ, пти-ці); функціональністю (технологічні, смакові, харчові, зоотехнічні, комбіновані); структурі (монокомпонентні,дикомпонентні, трикомпонентні, полікомпонентні, мультикомпонентні); походженням (протеїнові, енергетичні, мінеральні, вітамінні, антибіотики, ферментні препарати, пробіотики, пребіотики, підкислювачі, інгі-бітори плісені та адсорбенти токсинів, комбіновані добавки).Останнім часом в раціоні сільськогосподарських тварин використовуються численні кормові добавки,використання яких не завжди позитивно впливає на якість продукції. Серед кормових добавок природного по-ходження широкого поширення набули пробіотичні добавки. Пробіотики – препарати біологічної дії на основікорисних мікроорганізмів або їх метаболітів, які не завдають шкоди організму тварин і дозволяють вироблятибезпечні харчові продукти. Основний механізм дії пробіотиків полягає у нормалізації складу мікробіоти шлун-ково-кишкового тракту, пробіотичні мікроорганізми також продукують біологічно активні речовини, в томучислі амінокислоти.Представлено класифікацію пробіотиків за поколіннями в залежності від використаних штамів мік-роорганізмів, комбінацій та лікувально-профілактичної дії. В даний час на ринку пробіотиків затребувані ком-біновані препарати. Штами бактерій, що входять в комплексний пробіотик об’єднуються за здатністю про-дукувати різні ферменти, біологічно активні речовини так, щоб вони доповнювали один одного за біологічноюактивністю. Крім того, для отримання нових полікомпонентних біологічно активних препаратів комбінуютькомплекси пробіотиків з пребіотичними препаратами.Проаналізовано пробіотичні продукти – імунобактерин-D, БПС-44, І-Сак, Целобактерин, Лева-бон®Румен Е, «Yea-Sacc1026», «Biomate Plus», Biosprint®, EnzActive, які виготовляє сучасна промисловість, тавикористання їх в годівлі сільськогосподарських тварин та пиці.
A Qualitative Inquiry on Perceptions and Experiences of Students and Adults With Developmental Disabilities Regarding Health Care and Education
Authors:   The Korean Society of Special Education, Lee Suk-Hyang , Choi Jeehae , Kim Ayoung , Kim Soyeon , Kang Hanul
Published: March 2022

The purpose of this study is to explore the perceptions and experiences of students and adults with developmental disabilities regarding health care and education to develop a health care program for students with developmental disabilities. As such, 12 students with developmental disabilities from special schools and classrooms across elementary, middle, and high school levels, and eight adults with developmental disabilities, who are at work or in postsecondary schools, participated in the study. Individual interviews were conducted with the students with developmental disabilities, and photovoice interviews, which consisted of five sessions per person, were conducted with the adults with developmental disabilities. As a result of the analysis on all the collected data, seven themes emerged, including practices in health care and education, personal hygiene, steady exercise, healthy eating habit, coping with danger, stress management for health care, and difficulties and support needs in health care. As well, 22 sub-themes appeared. Based on these findings, the results were discussed and implications were provided to enhance health care and further research such as emphasis on the importance of mental health care and education, emphasis on enhancing health self-advocacy, the implementation of various methods for health care and education, and education for significant others around students with developmental disabilities and school-home connections.
Study of Various Classification Approaches including Deep Learning in Heart Disease Prediction
Authors: Chakraborty Subhalaxmi , Paul Prayosi , Ghosh Aditi , Bhattacharjee Suparna , Sarkar Soumadeep
Published: March 2022

During the last couple of decades, apart from other diseases, heart disease has proved to be a major cause of human death. This refers to a wide variety of heart conditions which include diseased vessels, structural problems and blood clots. This paper is aimed to make an effective
prediction about the vulnerability to heart disease of a person depending on the given health parameters at a very early stage & to reduce premature death, with an improved accuracy and reliability compared to other traditional models. Our proposed prediction model has proved to be reliable
in this connection and has yielded a maximum accuracy of 99.0% using Random Forest, Support vector machine and Decision trees and K-nearest neighbour algorithms. Using Cross Validation, we have also prepared the model (with the highest accuracy level of 98.6%) to work efficiently, taking the
correct pattern of the dataset. Further, the proposed model has outperformed other traditional models in terms of accuracy using some other algorithms (Hybrid Ensemble model, Extreme Gradient Boosting with Random Forest and Stochastic Gradient Descent with accuracies of 94.2%, 87%, 78% respectively).
Moreover, TensorFlow has also been used in order to get reliable prediction of heart disease with an approximate accuracy of 83.44%. The novelty of our proposed model lies in showcasing better results compared to those obtained by the traditional models and this model can easily be applied
in medical science to provide better diagnosis.
Multicast Traffic Grooming in Elastic Optical Network Under Dynamic Scenario
Authors: Choudhury Panchali Datta
Published: March 2022

Elastic optical networks allow elastic allocation and de-allocation of optical resources to optimize network resources and reduce traffic demand blocking probability for dynamic traffic demands. The routing of dynamic traffic demands is a challenging task since the traffic demands are
not predefined, they arrive and leave randomly. The approach presented here is a grooming, routing and spectrum allocation technique for multicast traffic demands in elastic optical networks for dynamic type of traffic demands. The simulation results show reduced blocking probability compared
to existing approach.
Endogamia académica y producción científica en docentes de una universidad pública de Lambayeque, Perú
Authors: Saavedra-Camacho Johnny Leandro , Iglesias-Osores Sebastian , Acosta-Quiroz Johana
Published: March 2022

Introducción: En la actualidad, los establecimientos de educación superior de Perú han mostrado deficiencias en lo que refiere a investigación científica debido a la endogamia académica. Objetivo: El objetivo de este estudio fue describir e investigar el impacto de la endogamia académica en la producción científica de los docentes de la Universidad Nacional Pedro Ruiz Gallo (UNPRG). Métodos: Se utilizó como técnica la observación, a través de la cual se verificó bases de datos de los docentes clasificados por carrera profesional a la que pertenecen. Una vez tomada dicha información, se procedió a buscar la universidad de donde egresó cada docente para establecer el nivel de endogamia académica. Además, se tomaron los datos de la producción científica en revistas indexadas de dichos docentes a lo largo de su trayectoria profesional. Resultados: Se contabilizaron en total a 545 docentes, de los cuales, el 75% fueron varones, el 4,6% pertenecían a un grupo RENACYT y se evidenció una endogamia académica del 68,3%, además de que la producción científica de todos los docentes en general fue de 475 artículos en revistas indexadas. Conclusiones: Existe un alto porcentaje de endogamia en la Universidad Nacional Pedro Ruiz Gallo que podría estar influencia en el desempeño académico de la institución.
Report of RILEM TC 267-TRM phase 2: optimization and testing of the robustness of the R3 reactivity tests for supplementary cementitious materials
Authors: Avet François , Li Xuerun , Ben Haha Mohsen , Bernal Susan A. , Bishnoi Shashank , Cizer Özlem , Cyr Martin , Dolenec Sabina , Durdzinski Pawel , Haufe Johannes , Hooton Doug , Juenger Maria C. G. , Kamali-Bernard Siham , Londono-Zuluaga Diana , Marsh Alastair T. M. , Marroccoli Milena , Mrak Marusa , Parashar Anuj , Patapy Cédric , Pedersen Malene , Provis John L. , Sabio Serge , Schulze Simone , Snellings Ruben , Telesca Antonio , Thomas Michael , Vargas Felipe , Vollpracht Anya , Walkley Brant , Winnefeld Frank , Ye Guang , Zhang Shizhe , Scrivener Karen
Published: March 2022

The results of phase 1 of an interlaboratory test, coordinated by the RILEM TC 267-TRM “Tests for Reactivity of Supplementary Cementitious Materials” showed that the R3 (rapid, relevant, reliable) test method, by measurement of heat release or bound water, provided the most reliable and relevant determination of the chemical reactivity of supplementary cementitious materials (SCMs), compared to other test methods. The phase 2 work, described in this paper aimed to improve the robustness of the test procedure and to develop precision statements for the consolidated test procedure. The effect of the pre-mixing and mixing conditions, and the impact of the mix design on the test method robustness were assessed and fixed for optimal conditions to carry out the R3 heat release test. The effect of the drying step was evaluated to define the R3 bound water test procedure in more detail. Finally, the robustness of the consolidated final test methods was determined by an interlaboratory study to define the precision statements.
A influência das Social Media nas compras online
Authors:   Escola Superior de Gestão, Hotelaria e Turismo (ESGHT), Silva Giovanna Barbon da , Arvela Margarida Abreu ,   Escola Superior de Gestão, Hotelaria e Turismo (ESGHT), Ramos Célia M.Q. ,   Centro de Investigação em Turismo, Sustentabilidade e Bem-estar (CinTurs)
Published: March 2022

O Eletronic Word of Mouth e o Social Commerce são ações que se encontram em grande crescimento, juntamente com as compras online. O processo de decisão de compra envolve a pesquisa e o conhecimento do produto ou serviço, de modo que, as opiniões de outros consumidores tem uma grande importância nessa etapa. O objetivo da pesquisa é identificar o comportamento dos consumidores na compra online e a influência das social media nesse processo. A recolha dos dados foi efetuada através de um questionário online. Através das respostas conclui-se que existe uma relação entre o grupo etário e a nível de importância dada às opiniões de outros consumidores durante o processo de escolha de um produto. Também foi possível identificar que o público feminino tende a considerar as opiniões de outros consumidores muito importantes para a decisão de compra.