bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Reflections on Race and the American Society of International Law
Authors: Richardson Henry J.
Published: March 2023

The American Society of International Law (ASIL) is a globally important American professional non-governmental organization, organized by and for international lawyers as a learned society, and influential in its legal interpretations. For its first sixty years, it excluded African Americans. Subsequently, African Americans were allowed incremental but slowly widening participation, though they were still excluded from the American Journal of International Law (AJIL) Board of Editors. Divesting its stock portfolio to oppose apartheid was a reluctant step toward racial justice in 1986. The rise of a new minority-led racial critique of the Society produced, inter alia, the first African American AJIL Board member in 2014, followed by others. It also produced the adoption of the “Richardson Report,” which confirmed the early deliberate African American exclusion, and called for a reparations obligation to Black members. In 2020, new Society statements and priorities toward racial equity and diversity were added to a previous active Black task force (BASIL). However, the Society's transformation toward racial equity will depend upon its committed defiance of the current historic global white nationalist extremism which threatens to penetrate international law in America and the global community. This essay discusses ASIL's racial narratives from its origins of deep racial exclusion, through racial incrementalism to policy changes and reparations obligations toward greater equity, as it now confronts global white identity extremism.
Slavery and International Law
Authors: Gevers Christopher
Published: March 2023

The history of slavery and international law remains largely unwritten. Aside from Henry Richardson III's magisterial monograph, The Origins of African-American Interests in International Law, and a handful of shorter pieces (many of them recent), few accounts of “slavery [as] a global legal institution” have emerged from within the discipline, in stark and telling contrast to international law's ongoing reckoning with colonialism. What have been produced in increasing abundance—both inside and outside the discipline—are histories of anti-slavery and international law, stories of “valiant battles waged by enlightened and humane Europeans and Americans—usually white men—to liberate the slaves.” The silencing of slavery in accounts of international law's past, and its afterlives in the present, is overdetermined. It has something to do with the prevailing history-making practices of international lawyers and historians; their choices of events, subjects, and structures, which, as Toni Morrison insisted and Richardson illustrated, remain choices. As Michel-Rolph Trouillot has shown, it has a lot to do with the kind of stories that “the West” and its international lawyers, want (and need) to tell (and hear) about themselves. Like slavery itself, these silences have everything to do with race, and the whiteness of the international legal academy. This essay will consider what a history of slavery and international law might look like (or at least what it must take account of) and what the ongoing “impossibility of its telling” reveals about race, racism, and international law.
Kompetenzstrukturmodelle und Kompetenzentwicklungsmodelle
Authors: Hamar Christoph
Published: March 2023

Zusammenfassung: Wie kann festgestellt werden, ob Auszubildende nach ihrer Ausbildung kompetent sind, zu pflegende Menschen aller Altersstufen zu versorgen? Um diese Frage zu beantworten, muss zunächst geklärt werden, was Kompetenz in diesem Kontext bedeutet und wie sie überprüfbar gemacht werden kann. Voraussetzung dafür ist, die Ausbildung kompetenzorientiert zu gestalten und entwicklungslogisch aufzubauen.
Pflegekompetenz aktuell
Authors: Olbrich Christa
Published: March 2023

Zusammenfassung: Kompetentes Handeln war schon immer Realität und Forderung der Pflege, doch was versteht man darunter? Pflege vollzieht sich in komplexen, nicht vorhersehbaren, sich ständig verändernden Situationen. Alle Ausbildungsberufe sind davon betroffen, die Ausrichtung auf fachpraktische Tätigkeiten reicht nicht mehr aus. Notwendig ist die auf die Person mit ihren Potentialen gerichtete Kompetenzorientierung.
Kompetenzorientierung in der generalistischen Pflegeausbildung
Authors: Hamar Christoph
Published: March 2023

Zusammenfassung: In den zentralen Ordnungsmitteln für die generalistische Pflegeausbildung (Pflegeberufegesetz, Ausbildungs- und Prüfungsverordnung und Rahmenlehrpläne) finden sich Ansatzpunkte für eine kompetenzorientierte Konzeption der Ausbildung. Diese beziehen sich einerseits auf die Entwicklung schulinterner Curricula und andererseits auf die Gestaltung des Unterrichts und der praktischen Ausbildung.
Pflege- und Sozialraumentwicklung als Aufgabe von Kommunalverwaltungen
Authors: Hochmuth Alisa , Fortmann Dana
Published: March 2023

Zusammenfassung: Der Kreis Lippe schafft durch eine zukunftsorientierte Alters- und Pflegepolitik Prozesse zur Verbesserung von Lebensverhältnissen älterer Menschen. Dazu gehören die Koordination von Netzwerken, die Weiterentwicklung der ortsnahen Infrastruktur auf Basis einer Sozialraumdatenbank und die Durchführung präventiver Hausbesuche. Mit einem integrierten Handlungsansatz werden Lösungsansätze entwickelt.
On the Propagation of Traveling Ionospheric Disturbances From the Hunga Tonga‐Hunga Ha'apai Volcano Eruption and Their Possible Connection With Tsunami Waves
Authors: Pradipta Rezy , Carter Brett A. , Currie Julie L. , Choy Suelynn , Wilkinson Phil , Maher Phillip , Marshall Richard
Published: March 2023

We report our analysis of ionospheric disturbances from the 15 January 2022 Tonga volcano eruption, using GPS data from the International GNSS Service network and ionosonde data in the Australian sector. Wave fluctuations with amplitudes of ∼1 TECU and altitude variations of ∼100 km were observed in the GPS and ionosonde data, respectively. In near‐field region around Tonga shortly after the eruption, our analysis reveals that the ionospheric disturbances had an azimuthally anisotropic velocity profile, with a peculiar minimum in southwestward direction. Close resemblance is identified between the velocity profile of near‐field ionospheric disturbances and the Tonga tsunami, suggesting a coupling between water and atmospheric waves. In far‐field, the disturbances propagated at ∼300 m/s, circling the globe for at least three days and possibly until 21 January 2022, in agreement with several previous reports of the event. Arrival times of ionospheric disturbances observed by GPS receivers and ionosondes provide consistent picture.
A Short‐Term Pumping Strategy for Hydraulic Tomography Based on the Successive Linear Estimator
Authors: Hou Xiaolan , Hu Rui , Yeh Tian‐Chyi Jim , Li Yukun , Qi Junjie , Song Yang , Qiu Huiyang
Published: March 2023

In this study, the random finite element method, a finite element method with random field generation techniques, was applied to investigate the cross correlations between the observed head and hydraulic conductivity and specific storage at different locations and different times in pumping tests. The results show that the two cross correlations between the pumping well and the observation well reach their maximums before pumping reaches a steady state. Specifically, the cross correlation between the observed head and hydraulic conductivity is the greatest when the temporal derivative of the observed head does not change significantly, and that between the observed head and specific storage is the greatest when the temporal derivative (the rate) of the observed head is maximum. Based on the results of cross‐correlation analysis, a short‐term pumping strategy for hydraulic tomography is proposed to obtain the spatial distribution of hydraulic conductivity and specific storage using the successive linear estimator. Furthermore, this strategy was validated by Monte Carlo simulations. This paper points out that the sensitivity and cross‐correlation analyses report the ensemble (averaged) behaviors of any heterogeneous aquifers, which is not necessarily suitable for one realization. Furthermore, Monte Carlo simulation is suggested for validating any groundwater inverse modeling result.
Neural valuation of rewards and punishments in posttraumatic stress disorder: a computational approach
Authors: Jia Ruonan , Ruderman Lital , Pietrzak Robert H. , Gordon Charles , Ehrlich Daniel , Horvath Mark , Mirchandani Serena , DeFontes Clara , Southwick Steven , Krystal John H. , Harpaz-Rotem Ilan , Levy Ifat
Published: March 2023

Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is associated with changes in fear learning and decision-making, suggesting involvement of the brain’s valuation system. Here we investigate the neural mechanisms of subjective valuation of rewards and punishments in combat veterans. In a functional MRI study, male combat veterans with a wide range of posttrauma symptoms (N = 48, Clinician Administered PTSD Scale, CAPS-IV) made a series of choices between sure and uncertain monetary gains and losses. Activity in the ventromedial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC) during valuation of uncertain options was associated with PTSD symptoms, an effect which was consistent for gains and losses, and specifically driven by numbing symptoms. In an exploratory analysis, computational modeling of choice behavior was used to estimate the subjective value of each option. The neural encoding of subjective value varied as a function of symptoms. Most notably, veterans with PTSD exhibited enhanced representations of the saliency of gains and losses in the neural valuation system, especially in ventral striatum. These results suggest a link between the valuation system and the development and maintenance of PTSD, and demonstrate the significance of studying reward and punishment processing within subject.
Butyrate potentiates Enterococcus faecalis lipoteichoic acid-induced inflammasome activation via histone deacetylase inhibition
Authors: Park Ok-Jin , Ha Ye-Eun , Sim Ju-Ri , Lee Dongwook , Lee Eun-Hye , Kim Sun-Young , Yun Cheol-Heui , Han Seung Hyun
Published: March 2023

Enterococcus faecalis, a Gram-positive opportunistic pathogen having lipoteichoic acid (LTA) as a major virulence factor, is closely associated with refractory apical periodontitis. Short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) are found in the apical lesion and may affect inflammatory responses induced by E. faecalis. In the current study, we investigated inflammasome activation by E. faecalis LTA (Ef.LTA) and SCFAs in THP-1 cells. Among SCFAs, butyrate in combination with Ef.LTA markedly enhanced caspase-1 activation and IL-1β secretion whereas these were not induced by Ef.LTA or butyrate alone. Notably, LTAs from Streptococcus gordonii, Staphylococcus aureus, and Bacillus subtilis also showed these effects. Activation of TLR2/GPCR, K+ efflux, and NF-κB were necessary for the IL-1β secretion induced by Ef.LTA/butyrate. The inflammasome complex comprising NLRP3, ASC, and caspase-1 was activated by Ef.LTA/butyrate. In addition, caspase-4 inhibitor diminished IL-1β cleavage and release, indicating that non-canonical activation of the inflammasome is also involved. Ef.LTA/butyrate induced Gasdermin D cleavage, but not the release of the pyroptosis marker, lactate dehydrogenase. This indicated that Ef.LTA/butyrate induces IL-1β production without cell death. Trichostatin A, a histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitor, enhanced Ef.LTA/butyrate-induced IL-1β production, indicating that HDAC is engaged in the inflammasome activation. Furthermore, Ef.LTA and butyrate synergistically induced the pulp necrosis that accompanies IL-1β expression in the rat apical periodontitis model. Taken all these results together, Ef.LTA in the presence of butyrate is suggested to facilitate both canonical- and non-canonical inflammasome activation in macrophages via HDAC inhibition. This potentially contributes to dental inflammatory diseases such as apical periodontitis, particularly associated with Gram-positive bacterial infection.
A regulatory variant at 19p13.3 is associated with primary biliary cholangitis risk and ARID3A expression
Authors: Li You , Li Zhiqiang , Chen Ruiling , Lian Min , Wang Hanxiao , Wei Yiran , You Zhengrui , Zhang Jun , Li Bo , Li Yikang , Huang Bingyuan , Chen Yong , Liu Qiaoyan , Lyu Zhuwan , Liang Xueying , Miao Qi , Xiao Xiao , Wang Qixia , Fang Jingyuan , Shi YongYong , Liu Xiangdong , Seldin Michael F. , Gershwin M. Eric , Tang Ruqi , Ma Xiong
Published: March 2023

Genome-wide association studies have identified 19p13.3 locus associated with primary biliary cholangitis (PBC). Here we aim to identify causative variant(s) and initiate efforts to define the mechanism by which the 19p13.3 locus variant(s) contributes to the pathogenesis of PBC. A genome-wide meta-analysis of 1931 PBC subjects and 7852 controls in two Han Chinese cohorts confirms the strong association between 19p13.3 locus and PBC. By integrating functional annotations, luciferase reporter assay and allele-specific chromatin immunoprecipitation, we prioritize rs2238574, an AT-Rich Interaction Domain 3A (ARID3A) intronic variant, as a potential causal variant at 19p13.3 locus. The risk allele of rs2238574 shows higher binding affinity of transcription factors, leading to an increased enhancer activity in myeloid cells. Genome-editing demonstrates the regulatory effect of rs2238574 on ARID3A expression through allele-specific enhancer activity. Furthermore, knock-down of ARID3A inhibits myeloid differentiation and activation pathway, and overexpression of the gene has the opposite effect. Finally, we find ARID3A expression and rs2238574 genotypes linked to disease severity in PBC. Our work provides several lines of evidence that a non-coding variant regulates ARID3A expression, presenting a mechanistic basis for association of 19p13.3 locus with the susceptibility to PBC.
Thawing permafrost poses environmental threat to thousands of sites with legacy industrial contamination
Authors: Langer Moritz , von Deimling Thomas Schneider , Westermann Sebastian , Rolph Rebecca , Rutte Ralph , Antonova Sofia , Rachold Volker , Schultz Michael , Oehme Alexander , Grosse Guido
Published: March 2023

Industrial contaminants accumulated in Arctic permafrost regions have been largely neglected in existing climate impact analyses. Here we identify about 4500 industrial sites where potentially hazardous substances are actively handled or stored in the permafrost-dominated regions of the Arctic. Furthermore, we estimate that between 13,000 and 20,000 contaminated sites are related to these industrial sites. Ongoing climate warming will increase the risk of contamination and mobilization of toxic substances since about 1100 industrial sites and 3500 to 5200 contaminated sites located in regions of stable permafrost will start to thaw before the end of this century. This poses a serious environmental threat, which is exacerbated by climate change in the near future. To avoid future environmental hazards, reliable long-term planning strategies for industrial and contaminated sites are needed that take into account the impacts of cimate change.
Hyperloop-like diffusion of long-chain molecules under confinement
Authors: Yuan Jiamin , Gao Mingbin , Liu Zhiqiang , Tang Xiaomin , Tian Yu , Ma Gang , Ye Mao , Zheng Anmin
Published: March 2023

The ultrafast transport of adsorbates in confined spaces is a goal pursued by scientists. However, diffusion will be generally slower in nano-channels, as confined spaces inhibit motion. Here we show that the movement of long-chain molecules increase with a decrease in pore size, indicating that confined spaces promote transport. Inspired by a hyperloop running on a railway, we established a superfast pathway for molecules in zeolites with nano-channels. Rapid diffusion is achieved when the long-chain molecules keep moving linearly, as well as when they run along the center of the channel, while this phenomenon do not exist for short-chain molecules. This hyperloop-like diffusion is unique for long-chain molecules in a confined space and is further verified by diffusion experiments. These results offer special insights into molecule diffusion under confinement, providing a reference for the selection of efficient catalysts with rapid transport in the industrial field.
The influence of the BDNF Val66Met genotype on emotional recognition memory in post-traumatic stress disorder
Authors: Nicholson Emma Louise , Garry Michael I. , Ney Luke J. , Hsu Chia-Ming K. , Zuj Daniel V. , Felmingham Kim L.
Published: March 2023

Dysregulated consolidation of emotional memories is a core feature of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Brain Derived Neurotrophic Factor (BDNF) influences synaptic plasticity and emotional memory consolidation. The BDNF Val66Met polymorphism has been associated with PTSD risk and memory deficits respectively, although findings have been inconsistent, potentially due to a failure to control for important confounds such as sex, ethnicity, and the timing/extent of previous trauma experiences. Furthermore, very little research has examined the impact of BDNF genotypes on emotional memory in PTSD populations. This study investigated the interaction effects of Val66Met and PTSD symptomatology in an emotional recognition memory task in 234 participants divided into healthy control (n = 85), trauma exposed (TE: n = 105) and PTSD (n = 44) groups. Key findings revealed impaired negative recognition memory in PTSD compared to control and TE groups and in participants with the Val/Met compared to the Val/Val genotype. There was a group × genotype interaction showing no Met effect in the TE group despite significant effects in PTSD and controls. Results suggest that people previously exposed to trauma who do not develop PTSD may be protected from the BDNF Met effect, however more research is needed to replicate findings and to explore the epigenetic and neural processes involved.
Alpha 2-macroglobulin acts as a clearance factor in the lysosomal degradation of extracellular misfolded proteins
Authors: Tomihari Ayaka , Kiyota Mako , Matsuura Akira , Itakura Eisuke
Published: March 2023

Proteostasis regulates protein folding and degradation; its maintenance is essential for resistance to stress and aging. The loss of proteostasis is associated with many age-related diseases. Within the cell, molecular chaperones facilitate the refolding of misfolded proteins into their bioactive forms, thus preventing undesirable interactions and aggregation. Although the mechanisms of intracellular protein degradation pathways for intracellular misfolded proteins have been extensively studied, the protein degradation pathway for extracellular proteins remain poorly understood. In this study, we identified several misfolded proteins that are substrates for alpha 2-macroglobulin (α2M), an extracellular chaperone. We also established a lysosomal internalization assay for α2M, which revealed that α2M mediates the lysosomal degradation of extracellular misfolded proteins. Comparative analyses of α2M and clusterin, another extracellular chaperone, indicated that α2M preferentially targets aggregation-prone proteins. Thus, we present the degradation pathway of α2M, which interacts with aggregation-prone proteins for lysosomal degradation via selective internalization.
UV–Visible–NIR camouflage textiles with natural plant based natural dyes on natural fibre against woodland combat background for defence protection
Authors: Hossain Md. Anowar
Published: March 2023

Woodland combat background (CB) is a common source of natural plant based natural dyes (NPND). Swietenia Macrophylla, Mangifera Indica, Terminalia Arjuna, Corchorus Capsularis, Camellia Sinensis, Azadirachta Indica, Acacia Acuminata, Areca Catechu and Cinnamomum Tamala were dried-grinded-powdered-extracted-polyaziridine encapsulated-dyed-coated-printed with leafy design on cotton fabric and tested against woodland CB under the reflection engineering of ultraviolet (UV)–visible (Vis)–near infrared (NIR) spectrums and photographic versus chromatic techniques of Vis imaging. The reflection properties of NPND treated and untreated cotton fabric were experimented by UV–Vis–NIR spectrophotometer from 220 to 1400 nm. Six segments of field trialling for NPND treated woodland camouflage textiles were also investigated for concealment, detection, recognition and identification of target signature against forest plants/herbs species; common tree of woodland CB such as Shorea Robusta Gaertn, Bamboo Vulgaris, Musa Acuminata; and a wooden bridge made by Eucalyptus Citriodora & Bamboo Vulgaris. The imaging properties such as CIE L*, a*, b* and RGB (red, green, blue) of NPND treated cotton-garments were captured by digital camera from 400 to 700 nm against tree stem/bark, dry leaves, green leaves and dry wood of woodland CB. Therefore, a colorful matching for concealment, detection, recognition and identification of target signature against woodland CB was verified by Vis camera imaging and UV–Vis–NIR reflection mechanism. UV-protection property of Swietenia Macrophylla treated cotton fabric was also investigated by diffuse reflection for defence clothing. Simultaneous ‘camouflage textiles in UV–Vis–NIR’ and ‘UV-protective’ property of Swietenia Macrophylla treated fabric have been investigated for NPND materials-based textiles coloration (dyeing-coating-printing) which is a new concept for camouflage formulation of NPND dyed-NPND mordanted-NPND coated-NPND printed textiles in terms of ecofriendly source of woodland camouflage materials. Therefore, technical properties of NPND materials and methodologies of camouflage textile assessment have been advanced in addition to coloration philosophy of natural dyed-coated-printed textiles.
Development of loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) assays using five primers reduces the false-positive rate in COVID-19 diagnosis
Authors: Alhamid Galyah , Tombuloglu Huseyin , Al-Suhaimi Ebtesam
Published: March 2023

The reverse-transcription loop-mediated isothermal amplification (RT-LAMP) is a cheaper and faster testing alternative for detecting SARS-CoV-2. However, a high false-positive rate due to misamplification is one of the major limitations. To overcome misamplifications, we developed colorimetric and fluorometric RT-LAMP assays using five LAMP primers, instead of six. The gold-standard RT-PCR technique verified the assays' performance. Compared to other primer sets with six primers (N, S, and RdRp), the E-ID1 primer set, including five primers, performed superbly on both colorimetric and fluorometric assays. The sensitivity of colorimetric and fluorometric assays was 89.5% and 92.2%, respectively, with a limit of detection of 20 copies/µL. The colorimetric RT-LAMP had a specificity of 97.2% and an accuracy of 94.5%, while the fluorometric RT-LAMP obtained 99% and 96.7%, respectively. No misamplification was evident even after 120 min, which is crucial for the success of this technique. These findings are important to support the use of RT-LAMP in the healthcare systems in fighting COVID-19.
GABAergic synapses onto SST and PV interneurons in the CA1 hippocampal region show cell-specific and integrin-dependent plasticity
Authors: Brzdąk Patrycja , Lebida Katarzyna , Wyroślak Marcin , Mozrzymas Jerzy W.
Published: March 2023

It is known that GABAergic transmission onto pyramidal neurons shows different forms of plasticity. However, GABAergic cells innervate also other inhibitory interneurons and plasticity phenomena at these projections remain largely unknown. Several mechanisms underlying plastic changes, both at inhibitory and excitatory synapses, show dependence on integrins, key proteins mediating interaction between intra- and extracellular environment. We thus used hippocampal slices to address the impact of integrins on long-term plasticity of GABAergic synapses on specific inhibitory interneurons (containing parvalbumin, PV + or somatostatin, SST +) known to innervate distinct parts of principal cells. Administration of RGD sequence-containing peptide induced inhibitory long-term potentiation (iLTP) at fast-spiking (FS) PV + as well as on SST + interneurons. Interestingly, treatment with a more specific peptide GA(C)RRETAWA(C)GA (RRETAWA), affecting α5β1 integrins, resulted in iLTP in SST + and iLTD in FS PV + interneurons. Brief exposure to NMDA is known to induce iLTP at GABAergic synapses on pyramidal cells. Intriguingly, application of this protocol for considered interneurons evoked iLTP in SST + and iLTD in PV + interneurons. Moreover, we showed that in SST + cells, NMDA-evoked iLTP depends on the incorporation of GABAA receptors containing α5 subunit to the synapses, and this iLTP is occluded by RRETAWA peptide, indicating a key role of α5β1 integrins. Altogether, our results revealed that plasticity of inhibitory synapses at GABAergic cells shows interneuron-specificity and show differences in the underlying integrin-dependent mechanisms. This is the first evidence that neuronal disinhibition may be a highly plastic process depending on interneuron type and integrins’ activity.
Individual differences in selective attention and engagement shape students’ learning from visual cues and instructor presence during online lessons
Authors: King Jill , Marcus Taylor , Markant Julie
Published: March 2023

Although some researchers recommend minimizing extraneous visual information in multimedia lessons, others have demonstrated that features such as visual cues and instructor videos can enhance learning. However, variability in selective attention skills may influence students’ ability to benefit from these additional features. This study investigated links between college students’ selective attention skills and their learning from video lessons that varied in the use of visual cues and the instructor video. Learning outcomes depended on both the visual features available and students’ effort and selective attention skills. Among students who reported increased effort during the lessons, those with more efficient selective attention benefited most when a single additional feature (i.e., either visual cues or the instructor video) was used. All students, regardless of attention skills, benefited when both visual cues and the instructor were combined. These findings suggest that learning during multimedia lessons may depend on the visual features of the lessons and the student’s effort and attention skills.
Identification of illegally dumped plastic waste in a highly polluted river in Indonesia using Sentinel-2 satellite imagery
Authors: Sakti Anjar Dimara , Sembiring Emenda , Rohayani Pitri , Fauzan Kamal Nur , Anggraini Tania Septi , Santoso Cokro , Patricia Vinka Aprilla , Ihsan Kalingga Titon Nur , Ramadan Attar Hikmahtiar , Arjasakusuma Sanjiwana , Candra Danang Surya
Published: March 2023

Plastic waste monitoring technology based on Earth observation satellites is one approach that is currently under development in various studies. The complexity of land cover and the high human activity around rivers necessitate the development of studies that can improve the accuracy of monitoring plastic waste in river areas. This study aims to identify illegal dumping in a river area using the adjusted plastic index (API) and Sentinel-2 satellite imagery data. Rancamanyar River has been selected as the research area; it is one of the tributaries of Citarum Indonesia and is an open lotic-simple form, oxbow lake type river. Our study is the first attempt to construct an API and random forest machine learning using Sentinel-2 to identify the illegal dumping of plastic waste. The algorithm development integrated the plastic index algorithm with the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) and normalized buildup indices. For the validation process, the results of plastic waste image classification based on Pleiades satellite imagery and Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) photogrammetry was used. The validation results show that the API succeeded in improving the accuracy of identifying plastic waste, which gave a better correlation in the r-value and p-value by + 0.287014 and + 3.76 × 10−26 with Pleiades, and + 0.143131 and + 3.17 × 10−10 with UAV.
The predictive value of the nomogram model of clinical risk factors for ischemia–reperfusion injury after primary percutaneous coronary intervention
Authors: Wang Zuoyan , Peng Jianjun
Published: March 2023

Ischemia–reperfusion injury is a risk factor for poor clinical prognosis in patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI). However, due to the inability to predict the risk of its occurrence early, the effect of intervention measures is still being determined. This study intends to construct a nomogram prediction model and evaluate its value in predicting the risk of ischemia–reperfusion injury (IRI) after primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). The clinical admission data of 386 STEMI patients who underwent primary PCI were retrospectively analyzed. According to the degree of ST-segment resolution (STR), the patients were divided into the STR < 70% group (n = 197) and the STR > 70 group (n = 187). The least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) regression method was used to screen out IRI's admission-related clinical risk factors. The R language software was used to construct and verify the IRI nomogram prediction model based on the above indicators. The peak troponin level and the incidence of in-hospital death in the STR < 70% group were significantly higher than those in the STR > 70% group (p < 0.01), and the left ventricular ejection fraction was significantly lower than that in the STR > 70% group (p < 0.01). Combined with the results of LASSO regression and receiver operating characteristic curve comparison analysis, we constructed a six-dimensional nomogram predictive model: hypertension, anterior myocardial infarction, culprit vessel, proximal occlusion, C-reactive protein (CRP) > 3.85 mg/L, white blood cell count, neutrophil cell count, and lymphocyte count. The area under the nomogram's receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was 0.779. The clinical decision curve found that the nomogram had good clinical applicability when the occurrence probability of IRI was between 0.23 and 0.95. The nomogram prediction model constructed based on six clinical factors at admission has good prediction efficiency and clinical applicability regarding the risk of IRI after primary PCI in patients with acute myocardial infarction.
Global motion processing in infants’ visual cortex and the emergence of autism
Authors: Hardiansyah Irzam , Nyström Pär , Taylor Mark J. , Bölte Sven , Ronald Angelica , Falck-Ytter Terje
Published: March 2023

Autism is a heritable and common neurodevelopmental condition, with behavioural symptoms typically emerging around age 2 to 3 years. Differences in basic perceptual processes have been documented in autistic children and adults. Specifically, data from many experiments suggest links between autism and alterations in global visual motion processing (i.e., when individual motion information is integrated to perceive an overall coherent pattern). Yet, no study has investigated whether a distinctive organization of global motion processing precede the emergence of autistic symptoms in early childhood. Here, using a validated infant electroencephalography (EEG) experimental paradigm, we first establish the normative activation profiles for global form, global motion, local form, and local motion in the visual cortex based on data from two samples of 5-month-old infants (totaln = 473). Further, in a sample of 5-month-olds at elevated likelihood of autism (n = 52), we show that a different topographical organization of global motion processing is associated with autistic symptoms in toddlerhood. These findings advance the understanding of neural organization of infants’ basic visual processing, and its role in the development of autism.
Universal and efficient extraction of lithium for lithium-ion battery recycling using mechanochemistry
Authors: Dolotko Oleksandr , Gehrke Niclas , Malliaridou Triantafillia , Sieweck Raphael , Herrmann Laura , Hunzinger Bettina , Knapp Michael , Ehrenberg Helmut
Published: March 2023

The increasing lithium-ion battery production calls for profitable and ecologically benign technologies for their recycling. Unfortunately, all used recycling technologies are always associated with large energy consumption and utilization of corrosive reagents, which creates a risk to the environment. Herein we report a highly efficient mechanochemically induced acid-free process for recycling Li from cathode materials of different chemistries such as LiCoO2, LiMn2O4, Li(CoNiMn)O2, and LiFePO4. The introduced technology uses Al as a reducing agent in the mechanochemical reaction. Two different processes have been developed to regenerate lithium and transform it into pure Li2CO3. The mechanisms of mechanochemical transformation, aqueous leaching, and lithium purification were investigated. The presented technology achieves a recovery rate for Li of up to 70% without applying any corrosive leachates or utilizing high temperatures. The key innovation is that the regeneration of lithium was successfully performed for all relevant cathode chemistries, including their mixture.
Optimizing chemistry at the surface of prodrug-loaded cellulose nanofibrils with MAS-DNP
Authors: Kumar Akshay , Watbled Bastien , Baussanne Isabelle , Hediger Sabine , Demeunynck Martine , De Paëpe Gaël
Published: March 2023

Studying the surface chemistry of functionalized cellulose nanofibrils at atomic scale is an ongoing challenge, mainly because FT-IR, NMR, XPS and RAMAN spectroscopy are limited in sensitivity or resolution. Herein, we show that dynamic nuclear polarization (DNP) enhanced13C and15N solid-state NMR is a uniquely suited technique to optimize the drug loading on nanocellulose using aqueous heterogenous chemistry. We compare the efficiency of two conventional coupling agents (DMTMM vs EDC/NHS) to bind a complex prodrug of ciprofloxacin designed for controlled drug release. Besides quantifying the drug grafting, we also evidence the challenge to control the concurrent prodrug adsorption and to optimize washing procedures. We notably highlight the presence of an unexpected prodrug cleavage mechanism triggered by carboxylates at the surface of the cellulose nanofibrils.
Synthesising a minimal cell with artificial metabolic pathways
Authors: Kurisu Minoru , Katayama Ryosuke , Sakuma Yuka , Kawakatsu Toshihiro , Walde Peter , Imai Masayuki
Published: March 2023

A “synthetic minimal cell” is considered here as a cell-like artificial vesicle reproduction system in which a chemical and physico-chemical transformation network is regulated by information polymers. Here we synthesise such a minimal cell consisting of three units: energy production, information polymer synthesis, and vesicle reproduction. Supplied ingredients are converted to energy currencies which trigger the synthesis of an information polymer, where the vesicle membrane plays the role of a template. The information polymer promotes membrane growth. By tuning the membrane composition and permeability to osmolytes, the growing vesicles show recursive reproduction over several generations. Our “synthetic minimal cell” greatly simplifies the scheme of contemporary living cells while keeping their essence. The chemical pathways and the vesicle reproduction pathways are well described by kinetic equations and by applying the membrane elasticity model, respectively. This study provides new insights to better understand the differences and similarities between non-living forms of matter and life.
Locating real-time water level sensors in coastal communities to assess flood risk by optimizing across multiple objectives
Authors: Tien Iris , Lozano Jorge-Mario , Chavan Akhil
Published: March 2023

Coastal communities around the world are experiencing increased flooding. Water level sensors provide real-time information on water levels and detections of flood risk. Previous sensor installations, however, have relied on qualitative judgments or limited quantitative factors to decide on sensor locations. Here, we provide a method to optimally place real-time water level sensors across a community. We utilize a multi-objective optimization approach, including traditional measures of sensor network performance such as coverage and uncertainty, and new flood-specific parameters such as hazard estimations (flood likelihood, critical infrastructure exposure), serviceability (sensor accessibility), and social vulnerability (socio-economic index, vulnerable residential communities index). We propose a workflow combining quantitative analyses with local expertise and experience. We show the method is able to reduce the set of possible new sensor locations to just 1.3% of the full solution set, supporting effective and feasible community decision-making. The method also supports sequential expansion of a sensor network, creating a network that provides detailed and accurate real-time water level information at the hyperlocal level for flood risk assessment and mitigation in coastal communities.
The nutritional and functional properties of 1-oleoyl-2-palmitoyl-3-linoleoylglycerol-rich oil: promoting early-life growth and intestinal health with alterations in the intestinal microbiota of Micropterus salmoides
Authors: Kang Meng , Feng Konglong , Dai Weijie , Miao Jianyin , Liu Guo , Fang Huaiyi , Cao Yong
Published: March 2023

Dietary 1-oleoyl-2-palmitoyl-3-linoleoylglycerol-rich oil promotes early-life growth and intestinal with alterations in intestinal microbiota of Micropterus salmoides.
Fabrication of a magnetic Mn(ii) cross-linked chitosan-amine/glutaraldehyde nanocomposite for the rapid degradation of dyes and aerobic selective oxidation of ethylbenzene
Authors: Bornas Behzad , Faraji Ali Reza , Ashouri Fatemeh
Published: March 2023

Optimization of the catalytic degradation of dyes and aerobic oxidation of ethylbenzene by Mn@Cross-linked Magnetic Chitosan-Amin-Glutaraldehyde.
Recent progress in nanomedicine-mediated cytosolic delivery
Authors: Son Hangyu , Shin Jeongsu , Park Joonhyuck
Published: March 2023

For biomedical applications, various delivery methods have been studied, including penetrating peptides, stimuli-sensitive chemistry, endosomal escape, and fusogenic liposome for enhancing the cytosolic delivery efficiency of biomolecules.
Bis-quaternary ammonium betulin-based dimethacrylate: synthesis, characterization, and application in dental restorative resins
Authors: Zhang Lusi , Ma Zhiyuan , Wang Ruili , Zuo Weiwei , Zhu Meifang
Published: March 2023

Bis-quaternary ammonium betulin-based dimethacrylate derivatives (Bis-QADM-Bet) were synthesized. Regulating the alkyl chain length of Bis-QADM-Bet endows dental resins with superior antibacterial effects and acceptable physicochemical properties.
Cyclic–hanging-multicyclic polymer synthesized by ladderphane-mediated blocking-cyclization technique for the direct visualization of cyclic macromolecular topology
Authors: Ma Cuihong , Quan Ying , Liao Xiaojuan , Sun Ruyi , Xie Meiran
Published: March 2023

Cyclic–hanging-multicyclic polymer topology was developed by ROMP-based grafting through approach and blocking-cyclization technique, and directly visualized without tedious post-modification process.
The influence of single-point mutation D614G on the binding process between human angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 and the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein-an atomistic simulation study
Authors: Shi Chengcheng , Jiao Yanqi , Yang Chao , Sun Yao
Published: March 2023

SARS-CoV-2 has continuously evolved as changes in the genetic code occur during replication of the genome, with some of the mutations leading to higher transmission among human beings.
Reactive and non-reactive species formed during the methanolysis of NaBH4: a theoretical and experimental approach
Authors: Vallejo Orrego Alejandro , Ferretti Cristián A. , Díez Verónica K.
Published: March 2023

The formation, stability, and reactivity of the species generated by the reduction reaction of solid NaBH4 with methanol in the liquid phase were investigated by experimental FTIR studies and density functional theory (DFT) calculations.
Guided optimization of a crystallization-induced diastereomer transformation to access a key navoximod intermediate
Authors: Kukor Andrew J. , St-Jean Frédéric , Stumpf Andreas , Malig Thomas C. , Piechowicz Katarzyna A. , Kurita Kenji , Hein Jason E.
Published: March 2023

The crystallization-induced diastereomer transformation of a precursor to navoximod was investigated using online HPLC and optimized with inline racemization.
Efficient light harvesting in self-assembled organic luminescent nanotubes
Authors: Bhaumik Shubhra Kanti , Maity Dibyendu , Basu Ipsita , Chakrabarty Suman , Banerjee Supratim
Published: March 2023

Luminescent supramolecular nanotubes derived from the co-assembly of cyanostilbene amphiphiles and bio-polyanion heparin have demonstrated efficient energy transfer to various acceptor dyes in aqueous media as well as in solid and polymer films.
Die (erweiterte) gemeinsame Unterstützungskonferenz
Authors: Jansen Heike
Published: March 2023

Um Konflikten entgegenzuwirken, hat Len Bowers im Rahmen des Safewards-Modells zehn Interventionen entwickelt – eine davon ist die gemeinsame Unterstützungskonferenz. Wie mit diesem Instrument Psychiatriebetroffene strukturiert unterstützt werden können und ob die Methode auch innerhalb des Pflegeteams genutzt werden kann, erfahren Sie im Interventionskoffer.
Autismus-Spektrum-Störung: Reizminimierung und pflegerische Interventionen im klinischen Setting
Authors: Witzmann Markus , Prommersberger Matthias , Schneider Thomas , Lanz Nanna , Stiehl Simon
Published: March 2023

Menschen mit Autismus nehmen sensorische und umgebungsbedingte Reize sehr intensiv wahr und empfinden ihre Umgebung schnell als reizüberflutend oder belastend. Pflegende sollten deshalb potenzielle Ursachen und Quellen kennen, um sie im Praxisalltag zu reduzieren und bei einer Überlastung adäquat reagieren zu können.
Depressive Störungen bei Kindern und Jugendlichen
Authors: Handle Verena , Rungg Christine
Published: March 2023

Kinder und Jugendliche, die unter einer depressiven Störung leiden, sind mitunter suizidgefährdet oder neigen zu Alkohol- und Drogenmissbrauch. Um dem vorzubeugen, ist eine frühzeitige Diagnose wichtig. Wie man eine depressive Störung erkennt und welche Therapiemöglichkeiten es gibt, zeigt der folgende Beitrag.
Malignes Melanom und Adipositas: eine Übersichtsarbeit
Authors: Zidane Miriam , Theurich Sebastian , Schlaak Max
Published: March 2023

Einleitung Die Inzidenz von Adipositas nimmt weltweit stetig zu. Übergewicht und Adipositas werden als mögliche Risikofaktoren für verschiedene Krebserkrankungen, einschließlich des malignen Melanoms, diskutiert. Dieser Review stellt die Evidenz zu der Assoziation zwischen Adipositas und dem malignen Melanom dar.

Methodik Selektive Literaturrecherche.

Ergebnisse Obwohl verschiedene Erklärungsansätze für eine mögliche Assoziation von Adipositas und dem malignen Melanom existieren, sind diese nicht vollständig bekannt und weiterhin Gegenstand der Forschung. Die Evidenz zur Assoziation zwischen Adipositas und Melanom-Outcomes für Patienten ohne Systemtherapie ist gering. Für Patienten mit Systemtherapie gibt es Evidenz, die einen protektiven Effekt unter Immuntherapien und zielgerichteten Therapien beschreibt.

Schlussfolgerung Insgesamt gibt es zu der Assoziation zwischen dem malignen Melanom und Adipositas nicht ausreichend Evidenz, um zu schlussfolgern, ob Adipositas einen unabhängigen protektiven Effekt hat oder ein Risikofaktor für die Entstehung von Melanomen darstellt. Weitere Forschung ist erforderlich, um das Wissen über diesen möglichen Zusammenhang zu vertiefen.
Metabolic and Endocrine Complications of Long-COVID-19: A Review
Authors: Bandara Thushari , Deshmukh Harshal A , Abdalla Mohammed , Sathyapalan Thozhukat
Published: March 2023

Over the past two years, the outbreak of coronavirus disease of 2019 (COVID-19) caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has centralized the interest of the health care systems and the scientific world. The majority of COVID-19-infected individuals recover fully. However, about 12–50% of patients experience various mid- and long-term effects after recovering from the initial illness. These mid- and long-term effects are collectively known as post-COVID-19 condition or 'long-COVID'. In the coming months, the long-term consequences of COVID-19 on the metabolic and endocrine systems may expect to rise and pose a global healthcare challenge. This review article discusses the possible metabolic and endocrine complications of long-COVID and the relevant research findings.
Quality of Life Evaluation of Postsurgical Mandibular Fracture Patients with Oral Health Impact Profile 14 and General Oral Health Assessment Index Parameters
Authors: Amran Ardian Jayakusuma , Rizqiawan Andra , Mulyawan Indra , Prasetio Okky , Subagio Eko Wicaksono , Rahman Mohammad Zeshaan
Published: March 2023

Objective Mandibular fracture is the most common maxillofacial fracture accompanied by complaints of malocclusion and pain. This causes a decrease in the quality of life. Mandibular fracture management can be done with open reduction and internal fixation or intermaxillary fixation. The Oral Health Impact Profile (OHIP 14) and the General Oral Health Assessment Index (GOHAI) were used to evaluate the quality of life after surgical treatment based on the distribution of age, sex, type of neglect, and surgical management.

Materials and Methods This research is an analytic study with an analytical observational method with total sampling. The total sample used was 15 patients during the 2006 to 2020 period. The results of this study were scored, and then, the data were processed using the eta test.

Results The results of the study based on the OHIP 14 parameters showed the results of each distribution, namely, age: p = 0.154, gender: p = 0.080, neglected type: p = 0.080, and management: p = 0.419. Meanwhile, the GOHAI parameters showed the results of each distribution, namely, age: p = 0.105, gender: p = 0.356, neglected type: p = 0.356, and management p = 0.286. The results of this distribution showed that there was no significant difference between patients' quality of life based on age, sex, neglected type, and treatment using both OHIP 14 and GOHAI parameters.

Conclusions The results obtained in this study using characteristics of age, gender, type of fracture, type of neglect, and management did not have a significant effect on the level of patient satisfaction after surgery, using both OHIP 14 and GOHAI questionnaires.