bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
PROBLEMS OF DISTRIBUTION OF TAX REVENUES BETWEEN BUDGETS OF DIFFERENT LEVELS IN GEORGIA
Authors: Shainidze Ekaterine , Verulidze Vazha
Published: December 2024

Ekaterine Shainidze
E-mail: ekaterine.shainidze@bsu.edu.ge
Associate Professor, Batumi Shota Rustaveli State University
Georgia, Batumi
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3612-1790
 
Vazha Verulidze
E-mail: vazha.verulidze@bsu.edu.ge
Professor, Batumi Shota Rustaveli State University
Georgia, Batumi
https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1752-8955
 
Abstract: The main source of mobilization of budgetary funds is tax revenues. One of the important levers of the state in ensuring the socio-economic development of the country is the fair distribution of tax revenues between budgets of different levels, since fiscal independence is an essential factor in coping with the challenges facing autonomous republics and municipalities. The correct selection of the mechanism for distributing tax revenues between budgets of different levels is crucial in this process.
In Georgia, as in other developing countries, a large share of tax revenues comes from indirect taxes. According to the Budget Code of Georgia, excise and import taxes are fully transferred to the state budget, while 19% of the funds mobilized in the form of VAT go to the budgets of municipalities, and the remaining 81% to the state budget. According to the Tax Code of Georgia, only one local (property) tax is imposed in the country. The source of tax revenues of the autonomous republic is only the income tax paid by taxable entities registered in the territory of the autonomous republics. Despite certain legislative changes, under the existing model of tax revenue distribution, the degree of dependence of local budgets on transfers from the state budget is high.
In addition to the above, the types of taxes established by tax legislation (only general-state and local) are compatible with unitary states and include only a two-level budget, while the state structure envisaged by the Constitution of Georgia corresponds to a three-level government.
Thus, in order to effectively fulfill the tasks facing municipalities, it is crucial to increase their fiscal independence, which is possible by strengthening the tax regulatory function and developing a proper mechanism for distributing tax revenues.
 
Keywords: Tax revenues, fiscal independence, tax revenue redistribution.
 
JEL classification: H2, H61, K34, E62
CHALLENGES OF MIDDLE-CLASS FORMATION IN GEORGIA
Authors: Koghuashvili Paata , Otinashvili Ramaz
Published: December 2024

Paata Koghuashvili
E-mail: paata_koguashvili@hotmail.com
Professor at Georgian Technical University
Tbilisi, Georgia
https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6491-9460
 
Ramaz Otinashvili
E-mail: R. Otinashvili@gtu.ge
Professor at Georgian Technical University
Tbilisi, Georgia
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7892-6159
 
Abstract: At the modern stage of Georgia's development, a series of challenges have appeared, which require a complex analysis of the historical background, with the calculation of quality, transition procedures and mechanics, in order to realize the social energy of the household in a positive direction. Building materials are formed on the basis of the middle layer. In a democratic government, it comprises 70-80% of the population and has a transparent office. These are mainly entrepreneurs and intelligentsia employed in legal business, who create the so-called Protest democracy, which is "dangerous" for non-democratic government.
It is difficult to separate the middle class by any single sign. It is necessary to introduce “integral criterion”, which includes a set of quantitative and qualitative signs characteristic of the mentioned layer. Why do they live like that – do they have the appropriate professional-cultural capital and how do they use it to ensure a decent standard of living. Unfortunately, in Georgia, there is little tendency to form a capable middle class. We cannot consider the existing social structure of the population as sustainable. Civil society and democracy develop with the introduction of market institutions and healthy competition in the private sector, the conditions of which are still weak in our country.
 
Keywords: civil society, state, middle class, competition, democracy.
 
JEL classification: J00, J11
A STUDY OF DEPRESSION AND ANXIETY LEVELS DURING PREGNANCY
Authors: Beridze Rusudan , Tsetskhladze Giuli , Tsetskhladze Nino
Published: December 2024

Rusudan Beridze
E-mail:r.beridze@bsu.edu.ge
Associate Professor,Batumi Shota Rustaveli State Universiry
Georgia, Batumi
https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5374-2815
 
Giuli Tsetskhladze
E-mail: cecxladzegiuli@gmail.com
Clinical psychologist
Georgia, Batumi
https://orcid.org/0009-0007-4508-8519
 
Nino Tsetskhladze
E-mail: ninotsetskhladze23@gmail.com
Clinical psychologist
Georgia, Batumi
https://orcid.org/0009-0007-4508-8519
 
Abstract: During pregnancy and childbirth, women experience many physiological, hormonal and psychological changes. The difficulty of adapting to these changes increases the likelihood of developing psychological and emotional disorders. There is little public support for pregnant women on this issue, and there is less awareness from the healthcare sector about the need for monitoring and screening for mental health issues during pregnancy. Based on this, the work is relevant, as the studies mentioned provide insight into how pregnancy can dramatically and significantly change a woman’s overall mental state, and the importance of maintaining a woman’s mental health during pregnancy.
The scientific article is devoted to the study, comparative analysis and generalization of the level of depression and anxiety during the first and subsequent pregnancies. The study was conducted using a quantitative method. The study of the anxiety level of pregnant women was conducted using the Spielberg Anxiety Rating Scale. The study of the level of depression was conducted using the Balashov Depression Scale. Data analysis was carried out using the depression index. There was no relationship between these groups. Using the statistical program (IBM SPSS), in particular, to test the relationship between variables, the nonparametric method of the simple T-test IndefendenT was used. The study showed that pregnant women expecting their first child have a higher level of anxiety compared to mothers expecting their second and subsequent children.
 
Keywords: depression, anxiety, pregnancy, childcare, women's mental health
 
JEL classification: Y800
THE ROLE OF SEXUAL EDUCATION IN THE PREVENTION OF UNWANTED TEENAGE PREGNANCY
Authors: Katamadze Davit , Beridze Ketevan , Ketchakmadze Rusudan , Meskhidze Shorena , Metreveli Lia
Published: December 2024

Davit Katamadze
E-mail: datoqatamadze@gmail.com
Assistant Professor, Batumi Shota Rustaveli State University
Georgia, Batumi
https://orcid.org/0009-0008-8815-1167
 
Ketevan Beridze
E-mail: k.beridze@bsu.edu.ge
Professor, Batumi Shota Rustaveli State University
Georgia, Batumi
https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6268-7037
 
Rusudan Ketchakmadze
E-mail: r.kechakmadze@bsu.edu.ge
Associate Professor, Batumi Shota Rustaveli State University
Georgia, Batumi
https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1046-7264
 
Shorena Meskhidze
E-mail: shorena.meskhidze@bsu.edu.ge
Assistant, Batumi Shota Rustaveli State University PhD Students
Georgia, Batumi
https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9801-5347
 
Lia Metreveli
E-mail: metreveli.lia@mail.ru
Professor, Georgian Technical University
Tbilisi, Georgia
https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4392-728X
 
Abstract: Sexual activity during adolescence can affect a young person's quality of life and their health. This practice can lead to early pregnancy, abortion, AIDS and other sexually transmitted diseases. The need for sex education in adolescence to identify and prevent adverse trial factors is becoming increasingly clear. Active involvement of society is needed to realize this goal. If the goal is to educate, inform or otherwise, form, then the school from other reference groups, because this is its essential role. Some basic principles should be established, perhaps the most important is that sex education is not only based on the use of contraceptive methods, but its actions are considered and safe. This is conducive to the development of citizenship, empowerment, empowerment, self-care and caring for others.Our goal was to study the extent to which adults are informed about these issues.
522 adolescent girls of the Adjara region, whose age was 14-18 years, took part in the research. Illustrative questionnaire for interview-survey with young people - Illustrative questionnaire for interview-survey with young people) The research hypothesis was as follows: "It is likely that young people do not have enough information about reproductive health issues."
Studies have confirmed our assumption that adolescents do not have sufficient knowledge about contraception and sexually transmitted diseases. The survey also showed that teenagers would like to have a subject taught at school, where the information needed for a healthy sex life for teenagers would be collected.
 
Key words: comprehensive sexual education, adolescent, unwanted pregnancy, abortion.
 
JEL classification: Y800
ASPECTS OF SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT OF ECOLOGICAL TOURISM IN THE PROTECTED AREAS OF GEORGIA
Authors: Azmaiparashvili Maia
Published: December 2024

Maia Azmaiparashvili
E-mail: maiaazmaiparashvili@gmail.com
Doctor of Ecology, Associate Professor , Gori State University
Gori, Georgia
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7868-5463
 
Abstract: The most important natural factor in the development of tourism is the protected areas. Together with the natural wealth of the country, the protected areas preserve the memory of the historical and cultural heritage. Tourism should become a guarantee not only of economic strength, but also of environmental protection. The strength of properly managed tourism is to create a limit for the sustainable development of the environment. Ecological tourism appears as a tool for sustainable development of the natural environment. The principles of sustainability are interesting and valuable, challenging all sectors in the tourism value chain. To ensure sustainability, priority is given to the development of tourism products based on the natural environment, sustainable use of natural and ethno-cultural resources, raising environmental awareness and effective management. It is believed that sustainable development should be economically beneficial, socially just and environmentally friendly. The paper discusses the sustainable importance of protected areas valuable for the tourism sector, sustainable benefits of ecotourism destinations, sustainability problems, theoretical and practical aspects of sustainable planning of protected areas. We studied the issue of regional localization in achieving sustainable development, the degree of ecological integration, progressive trends, the role of the local population and government in the process of sustainable planning. It is important that the network of protected areas system should be expanded in parallel with the growing number of visitors. At the regional level, ecocivilization and long-term sustainability must be ensured only by an ecological understanding of the complex interaction between environmental, economic, political and social/cultural dimensions and by planning and management based on sustainable principles. In the work, we also defined the issue of the need to establish the threshold norm of "throughput" for the use of protected areas. The standards developed by the International Organization for Standardization were sought, which contribute to the fulfillment of the goals of sustainable development, from this point of view the standard ISO 18065 is interesting, which defines the avoidance of pollution, negative impact, ecological safety, etc. during increased travel in nature. Sh.
 
Keywords: protected areas, sustainable tourism, visitor, national.
 
JEL classification: Z32, Q01, Q56.
Client satisfaction with tele-community-based rehabilitation
services for low resource settings
Authors: Garcia Ferdiliza Dandah , Labro Alma , Ching Penafrancia , Lazaro Rolando
Published: December 2024

Introduction. The COVID-19 pandemic forced a sudden shift in the delivery of community-based rehabilitation (CBR) services to online platforms such as tele-CBR. Feedback from community partners is important to determine if these services meet their expectations and to inform if adjustments may be needed for future implementation of CBR services using this mode of service delivery. The purpose of the study is to describe the level of client satisfaction of those who received tele-CBR from a university-led CBR program.

Methods. This is a descriptive study using quantitative and qualitative approaches for collecting, analyzing, and integrating information on client satisfaction. Quantitative methods included the review of existing program monitoring forms with numerical ratings. Qualitative methods included key informant interviews of care providers and staff members of a partner organization. The interviews revealed their experiences, challenges, and possible factors affecting the level of satisfaction.

Results. All respondents gave high satisfaction ratings with the services received through tele-CBR. Factors such as continuous access to therapy services, learning from an interdisciplinary team, and convenience reflect the usability and acceptability of tele-CBR. Challenges include lack of reliable internet signal, lack of child engagement, high distractibility, and limitation in socialization.

Discussion. Study participants were positive about the usefulness of the tele-CBR sessions reinforcing better access to vital therapy interventions during the pandemic. The responses suggest the importance of choice in the mode of service delivery. To improve acceptability, respondents highlighted the need to continue engaging carers in both approaches as complementary services. Service recipients and representatives of the partner organization indicated that tele-CBR services were useful, viable, and acceptable. Tele-CBR has the potential to improve equity and access to therapy services.
A survey on attitudes of rehabilitation professionals on the use
of immersive gamification technology systems in therapy
Authors: Consing Anna Mae , Aguila Maria Eliza
Published: December 2024

Introduction. Immersive gamification technology systems (ImGTS) are used among patients with physical impairments in different practice settings. Studies have shown moderate evidence for the effectiveness of ImGTS in improving functional outcomes. However, studies are scarce on the use of ImGTS by rehabilitation professionals in clinical practice. Thus, this study aimed to determine attitudes of rehabilitation professionals in using ImGTS in rehabilitation.

Methods. This cross-sectional descriptive survey utilized a self-administered online questionnaire, the modified Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology (UTAUT) Questionnaire, to determine perceptions on performance expectancy, effort expectancy, social influence, and facilitating conditions on using ImGTS for therapy. The study utilized purposive and snowball sampling in recruiting occupational therapists, physical therapists, speech pathologists, and physiatrists in the Philippines to answer the survey.

Results. Results from 47 participants indicate that rehabilitation professionals quite agree that using ImGTS can improve job performance and impact likely functional outcomes among their patients (performance expectancy) [mean 5.5 (SD 0.17)]. They slightly agree that using ImGTS is easy and manageable (effort expectancy) [5.0 (0.12)]. Moreover, they slightly agree with intending to use ImGTS in rehabilitation [4.9 (0.27)] and that they already use ImGTS in clinical practice [4.7 (1.69)]. Yet rehabilitation professionals neither agree nor disagree that significant others in their field of profession influence them when considering the use of ImGTS in therapy (social influence) [4.3 (0.16)] or that they have resources to use ImGTS with their patients and knowledge how to use it (facilitating conditions) [4.3 (0.25)].

Discussion. Rehabilitation professionals intend to use ImGTS and are currently using it as part of their therapy. They also have positive attitudes on ImGTS as regards performance expectancy and effort expectancy. These results support the potential for the adoption of ImGTS as part of clinical practice as efforts to strengthen the evidence for their effectiveness continue.
YOUTUBE’DA BELGESEL SİNEMA: COŞKUN ARAL ÖRNEĞİ
Authors: Can Aytekin , Sezgin Göktuğ
Published: December 2024

Gelişen teknoloji etkisini medya araçları üzerinde de göstermektedir. Yaygın olarak kullanılmasına rağmen sinema, televizyon, gazete, dergi ve radyo gelişen teknolojinin getirdiği yeni özellikleri barındıramamaları sebebiyle “geleneksel” olarak sınıflandırılmaktadır. Yeni olan medya araçlarının en başında ise sosyal medya gelmektedir. Hızlı bir tüketim algısı yaratan sosyal medyanın en büyük video paylaşım ağlarından birisi ise YouTube’dur. Çalışmada, YouTube üzerinden yayınlanan belgesel yapımlara karşı olan tutumun araştırılması amaçlanmıştır. Çalışma da incelenen “Coşkun Aral Anlatıyor” kanalı çalışmanın sınırlılığını oluşturur. Çalışma, nitel araştırma yöntemi ve olgubilim desenine göre planlanmıştır. Yarı yapılandırılmış görüşme yöntemi ile çalışmanın verileri toplanmıştır. Sosyal medyayı genç kesimin daha çok kullanması çalışmanın varsayımını oluşturmaktadır. Çalışmanın sonucunda Coşkun Aral ve ekibinin kendi çizgileri dahilinde kemik kitlesi için yayınlar yaptığı görülmektedir.
CONGRESS PROCEEDINGS - VІI INTERNATIONAL SCIENTIFIC CONGRESS SOCIETY OF AMBIENT INTELLIGENCE 2024 (COMPETITION OF LEGAL CLINIC OF UKRAINE)
Authors:   State University of Economics and Technology (Ukraine), Hushko Serhii , Rytsko Nataliia ,   State University of Economics and Technology (Ukraine)
Published: December 2024

This article examines the fundamental role of professional culture and the principle of legal certainty in fostering integrity among public officials and enhancing public trust in governmental institutions. Trust, a pivotal concept rooted in classical philosophical thought, remains essential for ensuring societal stability and effective governance. The study investigates the normative and institutional dimensions of professional culture within public service, highlighting its critical functions in promoting ethical conduct, transparency, and accountability. Furthermore, the principle of legal certainty, as a cornerstone of the rule of law, guarantees the predictability, clarity, and consistency of governmental actions. By safeguarding legitimate expectations and reducing the risk of arbitrary decision-making, legal certainty strengthens citizens' confidence in public administration. Drawing on international practices and jurisprudence, including decisions of the European Court of Human Rights and the British doctrine of consistent policy application, the research identifies mechanisms to enhance public integrity in Ukraine's local self-governance framework.
FROM GLUMIŠTE AND SPINNING THE PUBLIC TO PROCEDURES IN STRUCTURING CLAUSES –ROAD FROM LACK OF SENSE FOR LINGUISTIC CREATION TO LANGUAGE AS AN INSTRUMENT OF CONCEALING
Authors:   Fakultet za crnogorski jezik i književnost – Cetinje, ABOVIĆ Miomir
Published: December 2024

In this paper, the author addresses the formational-aesthetic validity of lexeme glumište, meaningfulness of collocation spinning the public and a type of clause with no grammatical agent, common in journalistic style. An attempt is made to prove, in the first two cases, the lack of linguistic-normative sustainability of lexeme glumište and collocation spinning the public, which occurs as a result of combining incompatible linguistic units. In the case of a clause with no grammatical agent, the author recognizes influence of extra-linguistic context on the formation of a linguistic structure.
ROLE OF DISCOURSE MARKERS IN SCIENTIFIC FUNCTIONAL STYLE
Authors:   Pedagoški fakultet Univerziteta u Bihaću, DOLIĆ Belkisa
Published: December 2024

In this paper, the author points out that in spite of being integrated in grammatical structure of a sentence and the organization of statements in them, discourse markers are linguistic entities that do not take part in them – they do not have the status of sentence elements and do not affect the truth-conditions of the statement, which means that their reduction would not impair the grammatical structure of a sentence or seize anything from the composition of propositional statements. Such a thing is possible because discourse markers come from a higher level of discourse, where they serve the function of marking (their appearance indicates (con)textual inclusion of their immediate environment and indicates the possibility of interpretation). In addition to this primary function, discourse markers hold numerous secondary functions, which can be viewed from different linguistic and stylistic perspectives, including the stylistic one taken in this paper. The author, in fact, attempts to identify and describe the role of discourse markers in structuring, argumentation and presentation of scientific ideas.
VJEKOSLAV BABUKIĆ’S IDEALISTIC VIEW OF LANGUAGE
Authors:   Filozofski fakultet Sveučilišta J. J. Strossmayera u Osijeku, LUKIĆ Milica , BLAŽEVIĆ KREZIĆ Vera
Published: December 2024

On the basis of works Osnova slovnice slavjanske narĕčja ilirskoga uredjena Vĕkoslavom Babukićem (1836) and Ilirska slovnica (1854), the authors of this paper present the views of Vjekoslav Babukić on the nature of language. An assumption is made that Babukić’s position was inspired by idealistic theses of the greatest language theorist of the 19th century, Wilhelm von Humboldt (1767-1835), who, continuing the philosophy of Johann Gottfried Herder, saw language as a “specific emanation of the spirit” that actively participated in the formation of human cognition, had an inner strength and belonged to the entire nation. The Illyrian program is entirely leaning against a prominent philosophical and theoretical understanding of the nature of language, whereas Babukić’s grammatical work faithfully follows its guidelines, which is reflected in a considerable number of references to Osnove slovniceand Ilirske slovnice. Based on the analysis of selected texts in Danica ilirska, role models in writing the grammar and, finally, the debate on the origin of the Glagolitic script, a claim is made in the paper that Vjekoslav Babukić was very much familiar with paleo-slavistic and paleo-croatistic issues of his time.
ĐURO RAPIĆ AS AN 18TH CENTURY PREACHER
Authors:   Hrvatski studiji Sveučilišta u Zagrebu, MATELJAK POPIĆ Anela
Published: December 2024

Đuro Rapić, Franciscan cultural worker of the 18th century, is the author of two books of sermons (“Svakomu po malo”, 1762, “Od svakoga po malo”, 1764) and a catechism (“Satir iliti divji čovik” (1766). Unlike the last Rapić’s published works, his sermons attracted little scientific research interest, and compared to the sermons of other authors they were hardly studied at all. Therefore, the author of this paper performs a comparative analysis of Rapić’s sermons. Namely, in order to see if Rapić was a typical representative of his time as a preacher, two of his sermons (for St. Catherine of Alexandria and All Saints) are comparatively analyzed in relation to sermons of Emerik Pavić and Bernardin Leaković, his fellow Franciscans of the 18th century. Furthermore, the author extends the scope of analysis beyond Croatia, given the European, German segment of rhetorical prose because Rapić, inter alia, spoke and used German language well.
MEDIA CONVERGENCE OF ROLE-PLAYING GAMES (1974-2024): FROM PARTICIPATION TO COMMODIFICATION AND BACK AGAIN
Authors:   University of Banja Luka,  Faculty of Political Sciences, Vukojević Borislav , Savić Dalibor ,   University of Banja Luka,  Faculty of Political Sciences
Published: December 2024

This study examines the impact of media convergences on the evolution of role-playing
games (RPGs) from the early 1970s to the present day. The analytical focus of this research
is directed at the dynamics between player community participation and the process of
commodification within this genre. In this context, specific phases in the development
of RPGs are highlighted, including tabletop role-playing games (TRPGs), classic
computer role-playing games (CRPGs), massively multiplayer online role-playing games
(MMORPGs), live-action role-playing (LARP), and actual play (AP). This study highlights
the similarities and differences between these forms, their mutual convergence, and their
convergence with other analog and digital media (such as books, comics, television,
film, and podcasts). Special attention is given to the phenomenon of prosumerism within
the RPG subculture; that is, the specific interaction between the content offered by the
entertainment industry and the efforts of RPG communities to maintain the participative
and creative aspects of the genre. This research is based on a diachronic comparison of
specific phases in the development of the RPG genre, as well as a secondary analysis of the
dominant media content on current trends in the RPG subculture.
DOMESTIC VIDEO STREAMING SERVICES - CHARACTERISTICS, OFFER AND PERCEPTION OF USERS IN SERBIA
Authors:   University of Niš, Faculty of Philosophy, Milosavljević Ilija
Published: December 2024

The second half of the past decade was marked by the explosive growth of streaming
platforms and services both in Serbia and globally. Numerous foreign services have
emerged after Netflix debuted in Serbia in 2016. Simultaneously, a number of local
services have also emerged, attempting to take advantage of the benefits of local access
and native content.
The objectives of this work are to outline the most popular domestic streaming
services in Serbia, their unique features, business and communication strategies, and
the programs they offer. It also looks at the traits and perspectives of these services’
users with regard to series viewing and domestic streaming in general. A total of
139 customers of domestic streaming services completed a specifically designed
questionnaire, which was included in the research done in June and July of 2023. The
questionnaire responses were evaluated using quantitative descriptive and comparative
statistical methods. The majority of users of domestic streaming services, according
to the data, do so primarily because of the services’ affordability and ease of use;
the domestic series and movies that these services offer, however, are not as big of
a selling point as previously believed. The overall conclusion of the research is that
there is a trend toward westernization of tastes and habits that is being influenced
by globally dominant streaming services and spreading to domestic audiences and
domestic content viewers. This could eventually have a very negative impact on
domestic production, streaming, and Serbia’s distinct cultural identity in general. This
research fills the gap in understanding the characteristics and preferences of Serbian
audiences regarding domestic streaming services, especially in comparison to global
competitors like Netflix.
AGORA ON THE INTERNET: CAN X’S SPACES BE INTERPRETED AS A DIGITAL PLATFORM FOR DEMOCRACY?
Authors:   Innovation Center of the University of Niš, Doderović Nikola
Published: December 2024

This paper aims to determine to what extent can X’s Spaces be considered an evolution
of the Athenian Agora. Through a comparative analysis, the key characteristics of these
spaces were compared, including mobility, information transfer, democracy, freedom
of speech, participation, and audience. Mobility represents a remarkable difference,
where the agora was physically dependent, while Spaces could be used anywhere with
a smart device and Internet access. Both cases provide real-time information transfer
but differ in the context of a physical and virtual presence. Agora expressed direct
democracy, while Spaces could only express indirect democracy. Freedom of speech at
the agora was absolute, while Spaces were limited to X’s terms of service. Participation
was limited in both cases – to the slaves, women, and non-Athenian citizens at the
agora, while on Spaces it depended on the host, who had absolute control. At the
agora and Spaces, everyone could be part of the audience. The agora’s audience used
shouting and disruption as a form of expression, while the audience on Spaces could
only react through emoticons. Although there were significant differences between
these platforms, such as technological and regulatory aspects, both spaces provided an
environment for public debate, expression of views, and communication. However, the
lack of adequate regulation of X provides additional challenges such as polarization
and hate speech. The research indicates the importance of understanding the evolution
of democratic spaces and their impact on society in the digital age.
RESPONSIBILITY IN CITIZEN JOURNALISM: CHALLENGES AND PERSPECTIVES
Authors:   University of Niš, Faculty of Philosophy, Popović Danica
Published: December 2024

In today’s digital age, mobile technologies are constantly reshaping the ways in which
information is disseminated and consumed. Citizen journalism has become ubiquitous
thanks to social networks, blogs, and content-sharing platforms. This opens up the
opportunity for anyone to become a journalist, regardless of professional experience
or education. While professional journalists often undergo processes of editing and
information filtering, citizen journalists can share their opinions and experiences
directly in real time. This can lead to faster news dissemination and quicker responses
to current events. However, it is important to be aware of the challenges that come
with citizen journalism. Since anyone can become a source of information, there is a
risk of spreading unverified information. Therefore, it is crucial for citizen journalists
to be responsible and strive to verify the accuracy of their reports before sharing them
with others. By sharing their experiences and perspectives, citizen journalists can
inspire others to engage within their communities and advocate for the changes they
wish to see. This fosters democratic dialogue and creates a space for diverse ideas and
solutions. Through an analysis of available literature, we will highlight the challenges
in the relationship between citizen journalism and professional journalism.
A Just energy Transition: Between Global Demands and local challenges. A look at lithium extraction policies in Latin America
Authors: Lastra-Bravo Javier
Published: December 2024

The transition to sustainable energy is crucial for addressing the global climate crisis and reducing reliance on fossil fuels. This study critically examines lithium extraction policies in Latin America, a region vital for this strategic mineral. It contextualizes the issue within global capitalist consumption patterns that have depleted natural resources in the Global South. Despite technological progress, the shift to renewable energy remains tied to structural inequalities and geopolitical power dynamics. Through ethnographic fieldwork in Argentina, Bolivia, and Chile in 2024, the research highlights the environmental, social, and sustainability challenges of lithium extraction. Findings show severe environmental impacts, such as water depletion and biodiversity loss, and social conflicts exacerbated by mining. The study contrasts the approaches of Argentina, Bolivia and Chile in managing lithium resources, underscoring the geopolitical tensions between national control and foreign investment. While Chile advances with foreign partnerships, Bolivia stresses state control, and Argentina faces fragmented provincial regulations. The article concludes that a just energy transition requires addressing global inequalities and ensuring equitable distribution of benefits and costs. It advocates for structural transformations towards sustainable and inclusive development models that respect ecological limits and social justice.
Gestion de la pandémie de Covid-19 dans l’État malagasy. L’exemple du mouvement Tantsoroka Covid-19
Authors: RAKOTOARIVELO Malalaniaina Miora
Published: December 2024

La crise qui a accompagné l’urgence sanitaire liée à la pandémie de Covid-19, depuis 2020, a davantage mis en évidence les failles du système de gouvernance et la fragilité des systèmes socioéconomique et sanitaire malagasy. Les mesures de confinement n’ont épargné aucun district. Les groupes vulnérables, les personnes ayant un emploi temporaire dans le formel, le secteur privé et surtout celles employées dans l’informel en sont les grands victimes. En réponse à cela, l’État malagasy a mis en œuvre des transferts monétaires dans trois régions, dont Atsinanana, Haute-Matsiatra et Analamanga. Dans cette lacune de gouvernance, la société civile a un rôle primordial. Ce texte met en évidence le rôle que le mouvement « Tantsoraka Covid-19 » a joué dans la gestion de la crise liée à la pandémie de Covid-19 à Madagascar. Ses activités ont consisté en une dotation en Équipements de Protection Individuelle, un soutien psychologique, une formation du personnel de santé, la distribution de kits alimentaires dans dix localités répartis sur six régions et la mise en place d’une campagne d’éducation, d’information et de sensibilisation des citoyen·nes. La méthodologie de cette étude repose sur une démarche inductive en sciences humaines et sociales, qui part de l’étude du cas particulier du mouvement « Tantsoraka Covid-19 » pour avoir un aperçu de la situation qui prévaut à Madagascar dans la gestion de la pandémie.
THE ROLE OF DIALOGUE IN ENGLISH FOR SPECIFIC PURPOSES INSTRUCTION AT THE FACULTY OF FORESTRY
Authors:   Faculty of Forestry, University of Belgrade, Serbia, Ilić Dragana , Lazić Katarina ,   Faculty of Forestry, University of Belgrade, Serbia
Published: December 2024

The importance of dialogue in English for Specific Purposes (ESP) instruction is growing as the focus of teaching shifts towards enhancing communicative skills that are crucial for students as future professionals. In the context of ESP learning and teaching at the Department of Landscape Architecture of the Faculty of Forestry in Belgrade, it is evident that students require communicative skills significantly more than grammatical accuracy and advanced vocabulary. These skills are essential for
conveying complex design concepts in real-world professional situations, collaborating with colleagues and clients, presenting project plans, and negotiating. In this context, dialogue not only fosters a dynamic exchange of ideas and increases interactivity and student engagement, but also allows students to refine their language skills and adapt communication strategies to various contexts within landscape architecture projects. The aim of this research, conducted in the form of a questionnaire survey, was to identify and analyze students' attitudes towards the importance and role of dialogue in ESP instruction, as well as to assess their motivation to participate in such activities. Based on the responses and discussions in small groups, the study proposes ways to overcome the challenges students identify as the biggest obstacles
to engaging in dialogic activities. The survey results indicate that students of Landscape Architecture are aware of the importance of improving their English skills for their future profession. They
consider speaking and listening to be the most important skills to develop and prefer participating in small group activities (4-5 students). They are most motivated to engage in dynamic, interactive activities that require teamwork and collaboration, with the goal of reinforcing the profession-related terminology they have learned. Conversely, they show the least motivation for activities involving debates, simulations, presentations, and similar formats. Based on the factors students cite as the most common barriers to participating in dialogic activities, we can conclude that instructors should ensure that the instructions for these activities are clear and simple, the goals of the activities well-
defined and explicit, the topics relevant to the future profession, roles and tasks clearly divided, the workload equally distributed among all participants, and the activity itself not overly complex or demanding. Fulfillment of these conditions can create a more relaxed working atmosphere, which
should reduce the fear of making mistakes and increase collaboration among students.
Implementing agile supply chain strategy for improved response to market volatility: a systematic literature review
Authors: Fesobi Bolatito Omojibola , Fesobi Moyosoreoluwa Abiose , Ogungbeje Olusola
Published: December 2024

The 21st century has resulted in a rise in worldwide rivalry and client expectations, along by heightened degrees of instability and unpredictability in the market. Businesses, economics, and political settings are becoming more susceptible to unforeseen shocks and disruptions. Due to these uncertainties, organizations currently encounter several challenges in the supply chain. These challenges include adapting to fluctuations in demand, enhancing service quality, reducing inbound costs, improving on-time delivery, and shortening customer lead times. To ensure their survival, organisations must adapt to the escalating levels of demand unpredictability and prioritize the attainment of enhanced agility. Agility is the capacity to promptly adapt to shifts in market and consumer requirements, serving as a source of competitive advantage. Hence, it is imperative for organizations to revamp their supply chain in order to address the challenges of agility and maintain a competitive edge in the fiercely competitive global market. The review objective is to investigate several approaches to agile supply chain strategy implementation in order to enhance responsiveness to market volatility. The present study employs the systematic review methodology, adhering to the protocols and guidelines established by Kitchenham and Charters. The investigation is carried out utilizing online scholarly database systems, yielding a total of 135 initial publications, which are further narrowed down to 21 published studies spanning the period from 2013 to 2023. The study assists managers in discovering risk mitigation strategies that improve the flexibility of their supply chains.
Pengaruh Kompetensi Dan Leader Member Exchange Terhadap Kinerja Penyidik Dengan Anti Perubahan Sebagai Moderasi Pada Ditreskrimum Polda Jateng
Authors: Kurniasih Dwi , Indarto Indarto , Santoso Djoko , Savitri Fania
Published: December 2024

Dalam penyelidikan kejahatan yang merupakan indikator dari sebuah kinerja seorang penyidik, teknologi dapat membantu Polri dalam mengumpulkan bukti elektronik, melakukan analisis forensik digital, dan memanfaatkan teknik-teknik penelusuran terkini. Peningkatan kapabilitas investigasi ini penting untuk melacak pelaku kejahatan, mengumpulkan bukti yang kuat, dan menyelidiki kejahatan dengan lebih efektif. Penelitian ini berfungsi untuk menganalisis hubungan antara kompetensi dan leader member exchange terhadap kinerja penyidik dengan anti perubahan sebagai variabel moderasi pada Kinerja Penyidik Ditreskrimum Polda Jateng. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kuantitatif dengan menggunakan kuesioner untuk mengumpulkan data yang diperlukan. Sampel dalam penelitian ini berjumlah 68 penyidik Polda Jateng yang diperoleh melalui metode simple random sampling. Analisis yang digunakan untuk mengolah data yaitu analisis regresi moderasi dengan SPSS 25. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa kompetensi dan leader member exchange berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap terhadap kinerja penyidik dan anti perubahan berhasil memoderasi pengaruh leader member exchange terhadap kinerja penyidik.
Distribution of Some Heat Shock Proteins in the Tongue Tissues of Sheep of Different Ages
Authors: Kandil Banu
Published: December 2024

Heat shock proteins are molecular chaperones that regulate and modulate a multitude of cellular and physiological processes. This study was designed to determine the immunoexpression of HSP27 and HSP90 in tongue tissues throughout the development of sheep. Tongue tissues were collected from sheep aged 6-12 months (G1, n:6), 1-2 years (G2, n:6), and 3-5 years (G3, n:6). Immunohistochemical staining was performed after the tissue samples were subjected to routine histological procedures. Immunoreactivity for HSP27 and HSP90 was not observed in peripheral nerves, serous Von Ebner’s glands, and mucous glands. While HSP27 immunoreactivity was not observed in the ductal epithelium, HSP90 immunoreactivity was detected. HSP27 and HSP90 immunoreactivity was seen in the epithelial layer, skeletal muscle cells, vascular endothelium, and vascular smooth muscle cells. There were no statistically significant differences in HSP90 immunoreactivity in the ductal epithelium, epithelial layer, blood vessels, and skeletal muscle cells throughout the development of the sheep (p>0.05). While HSP27 immunoreactivity in blood vessels and the epithelial layer was not statistically changed between groups (p>0.05), HSP27 immunoreactivity in skeletal muscle cells was statistically higher in G1 compared to G3 (p
Soğutma ve Dondurma Tekniklerinin Etlik Piliç Göğüs Eti Kalite Özellikleri Üzerine Etkisi
Authors: Aybar Fatih , Petek Metin
Published: December 2024

Bu çalışma soğutma ve dondurma tekniklerinin etlik piliç göğüs eti kalite özellikleri üzerine olan etkisini araştırmak amacı ile yapılmıştır. Çalışmada 10’ar adet, soğutulmuş ve dondurulmuş, hızlı gelişen etlik piliç göğüs eti örnekleri kullanılmıştır. Dondurulmuş göğüs eti örnekleri standart koşullarda kesilmiş ve -18 ºC sıcaklıkta 11 ay süre ile dondurularak depolanmış etlik piliç karkaslarından, soğutulmuş kas örnekleri ise standart koşullarda kesilmiş ve +4 ºC sıcaklıkta 24 saat soğutulmuş karkaslardan alınmıştır. Her iki gruptaki göğüs eti örneklerinde pH, renk özellikleri, pişirme kaybı, damlama kaybı ve rutubet analizleri yapılmıştır. Renk özellikleri derili ve derisiz göğüs kasında, diğer özellikler derisiz örneklerde incelenmiştir. Etlik piliç etlerinin soğutulmuş ya da dondurulmuş olarak muhafaza edilmesi; parlaklık (L*) hariç incelenen göğüs eti renk özelliklerinin tamamını önemli düzeyde etkilemiştir. Göğüs etinin derili ya da derisiz olmasının; parlaklık (L*), kırmızı renk koordinatı (a*), chrome ve E renk özellikleri üzerine önemli bir etkiye sahip olduğu bulunmuştur (P
İklim değişikliğinin asıl sorumlusu hayvancılık sektörü mü?
Authors: Sarıözkan Savaş , Küçükoflaz Mehmet , Demir Seyrani
Published: December 2024

Mevcut çalışmada dünya geneli, gelişmiş ekonomiler ve nüfusu fazla olan ülkelerle birlikte Türkiye’de sera gazı salınım miktarları ile hayvancılığın payının karşılaştırmalı olarak ortaya konulması amaçlanmıştır. Çalışma materyali olan ham veriler FAO’dan temin edilmiş, gerekli hesaplamalar yapılmış ve deskriptif istatistikler halinde sunulmuştur. Çalışma bulgularına göre, Dünya’da 2021 yılında toplam 51.3 milyar ton olan CO2e sera gazı salınımının %29’u Çin, %11.5’i ABD ve %1.2’si Türkiye tarafından gerçekleşmiştir. Dünya’da toplam sera gazı salınımı içerisinde hayvancılığın payı %8.2 olarak hesaplanmıştır. Dünya genelinde son 30 yılda kişi başına düşen toplam sera gazı salınımı ortalama olarak 6.4 ton olup, bu değer ABD’de 22 ton, AB-27’de 10.1 ton, Çin’de 6.7 ton, Hindistan’da 2.2 ton ve Türkiye’de 5.3 ton olarak Dünya ortalamasının altında gerçekleşmiştir. Hayvancılık kaynaklı sera gazı salınımları incelendiğinde, 1991-2021 yılları arasında gerek Dünya geneli, gerekse incelenen ülkeler bazında kişi başına düşen ortalama salınımların devamlı azalma eğiliminde ve
FRUIT AND TREE CHARACTERISTICS OF WILD PEAR (Pyrus elaeagrifolia Pall.) COLLECTED FROM ISPARTA PROVINCE
Authors: Uzun Aydın , Kiyak Selcan , Pinar Hasan
Published: December 2024

Wild Pear (Pyrus elaeagrifolia Pall.) is among the pear species that have found a wide distribution area in the region starting from Southeastern Europe to Anatolia, the Caucasus and Crimea, and have adapted very well to arid and unfavorable conditions. The most important feature of the species is its tolerance to many biotic and abiotic conditions. On the other hand, the rootstock potential in pear production is high. Since it is a species that reproduces by seeds in nature, it has a wide range of diversity. In this study, fruit some fruit and tree characteristics of different wild pear genotypes collected from Isparta province of Türkiye were determined. Accordingly, a wide variation was identified in terms of the examined characteristics. Fruit weight among the genotypes varied between 6.72-33.74 g, and genotype 16 had the largest fruits. Fruit lengths were found to be between 19.87-32.21 mm, and fruit widths were found to be between 23.39-41.56 mm. Fruit pedicel lengths varied between 13.82-27.73 mm. In the genotypes examined, the fruit shape was determined as round or flat-round. The tree form has changed from upright, upright to spreading and spreading. Leaf color in the genotypes generally was determined as blue-grey or green-grey. The results obtained show that there is wide variation in fruit and tree characteristics among wild pears in nature. It is important to preserve this richness and use it in breeding studies.
HAMİDE HATUN VAKFI’NIN SAFRANBOLU’NUN SOSYO-EKONOMİK HAYATINDAKİ ROLÜ
Authors: Güngör Fatma Nur
Published: December 2024

Vakıflar, tarih boyunca gelişim seyrine çeşitli din, kültür ve medeniyetlerin katkılar yaptığı, temelinde iyilik yapma, yardımlaşma-dayanışma gibi insanî ihtiyaç ve değerlerin yer aldığı insanlığın ortak ürünüdür. Osmanlı devletinde şehirlerin ve mahallelerin imarı ile ulaşım ve ticaretin sağlanmasında vakıfların rolü yadsınamaz. Ayrıca vakıflar, donanmaya yardım boyutuyla askerî alanda; yoksul ve kimsesiz çocukların eğitim masraflarının karşılanması, cenazelerin kaldırılması, hayvanlara gıda ve su temini gibi maksatlarla da eğitim, sağlık ve dinî açıdan toplum hayatına önemli katkılar sağlamışlardır.
Safranbolu, pek çok medeniyete ev sahipliği yapmış ve tarihi, kültürel zenginliğe sahip önemli bir Osmanlı şehridir. Osmanlı Devleti döneminde kurumsallaşan vakıf müessesesi, Anadolu'nun dört bir yanında gelişmiş ve Safranbolu'da devlet adamlarının yaptırdığı vakıf eserleriyle büyüme göstermiştir. Vakıflar, iskân ve imar faaliyetlerini hızlandırmış, yapılan hayratlar şehrin ekonomik ve kültürel yapısının oluşmasında önemli rol oynamıştır. Araştırmamızda, Sultan İbrahim'in (1640-1648) hocası Cinci Hoca (Hüseyin Efendi)'nin annesi Hamide Hatun adına Safranbolu'da kurduğu vakfın, bölgenin sosyo-ekonomik gelişimine etkisini incelenecektir.
Pelatihan Pengemasan Sayur Hidroponik dan Pemasaran Berbasis Multimedia Sebagai Upaya Peningkatan Keterampilan Siswa SLBN Jember
Authors: Pertami Rindha Rentina Darah , Puspitasari Trismayanti Dwi , Jumiatun Jumiatun , Kurniasari Arvita Agus , Maulidiyah Azizah Afni
Published: December 2024

Jember State Special School (SLB) through the Pancasila Student Profile Strengthening Project (P5) vocational through the theme "Let's garden". The implementation of the project has several obstacles, namely the limited number of teachers in managing the number of students if they have to do direct practical activities. So that a visual, communicative, and interesting learning method is needed so that students can easily understand it. The purpose of this activity is to improve the skills of SLB N Jember students. The implementation time is from May to August 2024. The methods used include observation, training in practice, monitoring, and evaluation. They are learning with visual or props techniques Based on the results of the activities that have been carried out. That there are 81% of students understand hydroponic vegetable packaging, and 60% of students who can understand the concept of packaging design, and marketing carried out through WhatsApp business so that they can improve their Agro-Entrepreneurship skills. This activity hopes to foster an entrepreneurial spirit in students as a provision after school. The training uses a learning system with visual or props techniques assisted by teachers at school. This activity continues to be accompanied by monitoring and evaluation so that it can be sustainable.