bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Aspect-Based Sentiment Analysis using Adaptive Aspect on Tourist Reviews in Jakarta
Authors: Setyawan Ade Rifqy , Suadaa Lya Hulliyatus , Yuniarto Budi
Published: January 2025

Tourism is one of the business fields affected by the Covid-19 pandemic. The decline in the number of tourists, both domestic and foreign, has resulted in the contribution of the tourism business sector to Indonesia's GDP decreasing. The government is now preparing plans to restore and improve tourism in tourist destination areas, one of which is DKI Jakarta in order to increase visits by domestic and foreign tourists. In achieving these goals, this study propose to utilize reviews about tourist attractions in DKI Jakarta from Google Maps and extract public opinion by conducting aspect-based sentiment analysis. Multi-label classification is a common method that is often used in aspect-based sentiment analysis. However, the multi-label approach has limited flexibility in the aspects used. One alternative method that can be used is an adaptive aspect classification method which is more flexible if there are additional new aspects used. This research aims to automate sentiment classification of tourist reviews for each aspect by developing an aspect level sentiment analysis model with an adaptive aspect classification method which will be compared with multi-label classification as a baseline method. The models used in both methods are transfer learning IndoBERT. The adaptive aspect classification method with aspect level sentiment analysis has better performance in comparison to baseline method multi-label classification with accuracy values and F1-score respectively 0.90394 and 0.71504.
Analysis of impact of anthropogenic factors on the landscape-geochemical state of the Nura river basin
Authors: Ospan G.T. , Ozgeldinova J.O. , Zhanguzhina A.А.
Published: January 2025

The study examines the formation of anthropogenic landscapes under the influence of multiple factors, including pollutants, radioactive substances, radiation, noise, and the extraction of natural resources. Society's transformation of natural landscapes into anthropogenic ones has become a global phenomenon, acquiring new characteristics due to scientific and technological advancements in mining, industrial chemistry, and agriculture. The Nura River basin, dominated by the metallurgical complex of Qarmet, serves as a key area for this investigation. This enterprise is the largest mining and metallurgical facility in Kazakhstan, producing a range of materials, including coated metals and raw industrial products. Geochemical analyses were conducted within the Nura River basin to assess the environmental impact of industrial activities. Water and soil samples were collected systematically, and pollutant concentrations were determined using accredited laboratory methods. Data were processed through statistical analysis to identify patterns and causal relationships.
The research revealed significant pollution in the Nura River basin, predominantly caused by industrial discharges containing heavy metals and other contaminants. Elevated concentrations of pollutants were linked to the metallurgical activities of Qarmet and other industrial enterprises. The transformation of natural landscapes into anthropogenic ones was found to be closely associated with the intensity of these activities.
The study highlights the critical influence of industrial processes on the geochemical composition of landscapes within the Nura River basin. The findings underline the need for improved environmental management, including the modernization of industrial processes and waste treatment systems, to mitigate anthropogenic impacts and ensure sustainable development in the region.
Jewish Students of the Kyiv commercial institute: under the scrutiny of the imperial authorities
Authors:   Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Chutkyi Аndrii
Published: January 2025

The purpose of this study is to identify and analyze the manifestations of the Russian Empire's anti-Semitic policies in higher education in Ukraine at the beginning of the 20th century by reconstructing the impact of imperial policy on the lives of students at the Kyiv Commercial Institute. The research methodology is based on general and specialized scientific methods, including deduction, induction, structural-system, comparative-historical, problem-chronological, and interdisciplinary approaches. The scientific novelty lies in uncovering specific examples of the Russian Empire’s anti-Semitic policies in Kyiv’s higher education in the early 20th century and their impact, as well as documenting instances of societal circumvention of these policies, which became an effective tool in resisting the imperial regime and indirectly hastened its collapse. Conclusions. The intensification of anti-Semitic policies in the Russian Empire at the beginning of the 20th century is confirmed by the example of students at the Kyiv Commercial Institute. Given that ethnic-religious persecution in the 20th century was an atavism for European state policies, this also demonstrates the backwardness of the Russian Empire and questions its belonging to the European civilizational space. The opposition to this imperial policy by Ukrainian society illustrates both its tolerance and its commitment to European civilizational values, as well as an underlying opposition to the Russian Empire. Similarly, the Jewish community's pursuit of higher economic education, despite government obstacles, highlights their active role in Ukraine's economic life at the beginning of the 20th century, as well as their development of mechanisms to overcome these obstacles. Moreover, the Russian Empire's anti-Semitic policy fostered growing anti-imperial and revolutionary sentiments among Jewish youth and students in general, which objectively weakened the state and led it to collapse. These conclusions and generalizations may also serve as a basis for predicting the fate of the Russian Federation.
Formation and de velopment of the monetary system during the ukrainian national democratic revolution of 1917-1921: terminology and ways to its solution
Authors:   Ivan Ohienko Kamianets-Podilskyi National University, Yashchyshyn Volodymyr
Published: January 2025

The purpose of the study is the analysis of the terminological apparatus and generalizations of domestic researchers of the modern era regarding the formation of the monetary system of the Ukrainian People's Republic of 1917-1921. The methodology of the study is based on the principles of historicism, objectivity, comprehensiveness and integrity, and a comprehensive approach, which involves the study of the monetary system in a historical-chronological and historical and economic aspects. Methods of analysis and synthesis, historical-genetic, historical-comparative, problem-chronological, were used. The scientific novelty consists in a complex historical and economic analysis of the formation of the monetary system of the Russian Federation in 1917-1921. Conclusions. During 1917-1921, its governments pursued a purposeful policy of creating their own monetary system. The concept of "monetary system" as a legally established form of money circulation is generalized. It was determined that the monetary system of the Ukrainian People's Republic included the following main elements: its own monetary unit - karbovanets, hryvnia, shag; official forms of money - cash (paper banknotes), non-cash; emission mechanism - the issuance of money is conditioned by the availability of precious metals, however, in case of its shortage or even absence, the volume of emission was determined by the urgent needs of the government; issuers – State Bank, State Treasury; the exchange rate was made on the basis of agreements with the authorities of allied countries or on the market. H. Baranovskyi, M. Tugan-Baranovskyi, M. Kryvetskyi, B. Martos, and H. Lebid-Yurchyk were active funders of the formation and development of the monetary system of the Ukrainian People's Republic. Under the influence of the variability of the political situation, military problems, and the economic crisis, the monetary system of the Ukrainian People's Republic underwent constant transformations, an increase in state monetary emissions, and the introduction of foreign and private banknotes into circulation.
Craft corporations in Western Europe in the XI-XIII centuries
Authors:   Zhytomyr Ivan Franko State University, Starodubets Galyna
Published: January 2025

The purpose of the study: to reveal the peculiarities of the workshop system of Western European cities of the High Middle Ages, to analyze the specifics of the internal stratification of the workshop and its functions in terms of relations with the city authorities. The research methodology is based on the principles of historicism, objectivity, and dialectical interrelation of processes and phenomena in the society of a medieval city. In the process of writing the work, the author used comparative historical and problematic chronological methods, which allowed to trace and compare historical processes and phenomena in dynamics against the background of specific historical conditions; the method of working with historical documents; logical and retrospective. The scientific novelty of the work lies in the fact that the author, based on the analysis of foreign historiography and published sources, reveals the peculiarities of the functioning of craft workshops in the context of their relations with municipal authorities, and identifies the factors that determined the level of their political influence in the framework of cooperation with municipal authorities. Conclusions. The study concluded that the economic activity of Western European cities of the High Middle Ages tended to be clearly organized in the form of craft guilds/shops, regulated by workshop charters and controlled by the city authorities. During the High Middle Ages, there was a process of establishing close cooperation between the municipal authorities and the workshops. Each party assumed a certain range of responsibilities, the fulfillment of which contributed to the expansion of the range of political rights of the guilds. In particular, their members could participate in the elections of municipal governments. The workshop system was characterized by an internal hierarchy. An important feature of it was the presence of privileged/elite and non-privileged/junior workshops. In general, during the High Middle Ages, the craft organization of production was at the peak of its development and played a progressive role in the economic life of cities.
РЕГІОНАЛЬНІ БАНКИ ЯК ЕЛЕМЕНТ ПІДТРИМКИ СТІЙКОСТІ ФІНАНСУВАННЯ ЕКОНОМІКИ
Authors: Олексюк О.Л.
Published: January 2025

У статті проаналізовано кредитний портфель в розрізі стадій резервування по банках які є системно важливими і формують основу банківської системи держави забезпечуючи її функціонування, а також малих/регіональних банках, які виступають підтримкою регіонів та стають опорою для їх розвитку. Додатково визначено яка, з груп банків більше сприятлива до впливу негативних зовнішніх чинників на їх кредитний портфель, та яким чином відбувається їх управління в умовах сучасності, для відображення розуміння завдяки чому малі банки стають опорою стабільності для економіки регіону та економіки держави в цілому. Метою дослідження стало порівняння кредитних портфелів різних груп банків по його обсягу в розрізі стадій резервування таких сукупностей кредитів для формування розуміння важливості банківських установ з малою кредитною активністю в контексті банківської системи та економіки в цілому. Основні висновки представлені результатами порівняння досліджуваних груп банків та висвітленням важливості банків з малим капіталом та/або кредитним портфелем по напрямку їх кредитної діяльності в період впливу несприятливих чинників на потенційних загроз.
ОСВІТА У СВІТІ: ВИКЛИКИ ТА МОЖЛИВОСТІ ДЛЯ УКРАЇНИ В УМОВАХ ВІЙНИ ТА ГЛОБАЛЬНОЇ КОНКУРЕНЦІЇ
Authors: Пальчук О.І.
Published: January 2025

У статті розглядаються виклики та можливості розвитку української освіти в умовах війни та глобальної конкуренції. Війна спричинила значні зміни у доступності та якості освіти, загострила проблеми дефіциту кадрів і "витоку мізків". Однак, крім труднощів, війна стимулювала процес цифровізації та відкрила нові можливості для співпраці з міжнародними організаціями та інтеграції в глобальний освітній простір. Окрему увагу приділено навчанню іноземних студентів та залученню них у подальшому на ринок праці України, розвитку прикладних навичок та створенню умов для повернення освітніх і наукових кадрів. Запропоновані заходи спрямовані на підвищення конкурентоздатності української освіти та забезпечення стійкого економічного розвитку.
МОДЕЛЮВАННЯ БІЗНЕС-ПРОЦЕСІВ ДОСТАВКИ ПОШТИ У ВИПАДКУ ВЗАЄМОЗАМІННОСТІ ПЕРЕВІЗНИКІВ ОСТАННЬОЇ МИЛІ
Authors: Романич І.Б.
Published: January 2025

У статті запропоновано власне трактування поняття операційна система поштово-логістичної компанії, виокремлено бізнес-процеси операційного характеру в поштовій логістиці, визначено чинники, які зумовлюють пікові навантаження операційної системи. В роботі використано методи аналізу та синтезу в частині дослідження причин перевантаження операційної системи поштово-логістичної компанії; методологію економіко-математичного моделювання в частині побудови економіко-математичної моделі управління розподілом поштових відправлень у випадку взаємозамінності перевізників останньої милі; методологію графічного моделювання в частині побудови укрупненого алгоритму прийому-видачі поштових відправлень у періоди пікових навантажень. Результатом економіко-математичного моделювання процесу перевантаження можливостей операційної системи поштово-логістичної компанії та побудови і використання зазначеної вище моделі є удосконалення стратегії поштово-логістичної компанії, що у кінцевому підсумку гарантує економічну безпеку поштово-логістичній компанії у період пікових навантажень на її операційну систему. Для побудови моделі задачі управління розподілом поштових відправлень у випадку взаємозамінності перевізників останньої милі застосовано модифіковану транспорту задачу у парі із задачею оптимального перспективного галузевого планування та математично обґрунтовано стратегію економічної поведінки поштово-логістичної компанії у піковий сезон, що призводить до оптимізації загальної господарської діяльності компанії.
РОЛЬ ШТУЧНОГО ІНТЕЛЕКТУ У ФОРМУВАННІ ТА РОЗВИТКУ УРБАНІСТИЧНИХ КЛАСТЕРІВ У ГЛОБАЛЬНОМУ ЕКОНОМІЧНОМУ СЕРЕДОВИЩІ: ПЕРСПЕКТИВИ ДЛЯ КРАЇН, ЩО РОЗВИВАЮТЬСЯ
Authors: Чухній О.Ю. , Луців Р.С.
Published: January 2025

Стаття присвячена аналізу ролі штучного інтелектуу формуванні та розвитку урбаністичних кластерів у глобальному економічному середовищі. Мета дослідження – визначення значення та можливостей штучного інтелекту в процесі формування урбаністичних кластерів, особливо в контексті країн, що розвиваються. В ході наукового дослідження використовувалися загальнонаукові методи пізнання, зокрема аналіз, синтез, моделювання та системний підхід. Результати дослідження показують, що формування урбаністичних кластерів має свої закономірності, які можуть бути точно оцінені та промоніторені завдяки використанню ШІ. Зроблено висновок, що ШІ виступає ключовим інструментом для детального аналізу та збору даних, забезпечуючи можливість враховувати численні змінні, що впливають на розвиток кластерів, зокрема демографічні тенденції, економічний потенціал, особливості інфраструктури та екологічний стан територій. Досліджено, що ШІ дозволяє створювати прогнозні моделі, що сприяють оптимальному плануванню та розподілу ресурсів. Показано, що використання ШІ в різних методиках формування кластерів, таких як аналіз транспортних мереж, об’єднання даних з різних джерел, соціально-економічний аналіз та дистанційне зондування, допомагає ефективно оцінювати та розробляти стратегії розвитку. Продемонстровано, що ці методики підвищують інфраструктурну ефективність, дозволяють враховувати екологічні виклики та сприяють оптимізації використання природних і фінансових ресурсів. Особливу увагу звернуто на те, що в країнах, що розвиваються, застосування ШІ забезпечує ефективність у плануванні та розподілі ресурсів, зменшуючи витрати та формуючи стійкі моделі урбаністичного розвитку, що відповідають актуальним потребам та сприяють інноваційному та економічному зростанню. Практичне значення дослідження полягає у використанні ШІ для підвищення ефективності управління урбаністичними процесами в країнах, що розвиваються, сприяючи сталому розвитку та раціональному використанню ресурсів.
Análisis de la escritura como modalidad lingüística
Authors:   Universidad de Guadalajara, Tamayo Jairo , Ribes Emilio ,   Universidad de Guadalajara, Padilla María Antonia ,   Universidad de Guadalajara
Published: January 2025

La habilitación se define como el conjunto de condiciones que permiten la emisión de una respuesta bajo una modalidad activa cuando el contacto con los eventos de estímulo se ha presentado bajo modalidades reactivas. Participaron 30 estudiantes de licenciatura en psicología. El Experimento 1 evaluó el efecto de habilitación de la respuesta verbal escrita al utilizar un procedimiento de igualación de la muestra de primer orden en el cual los estímulos eran presentados en una de las tres modalidades lingüísticas reactivas (Grupo 1 modalidad observar, Grupo 2 modalidad leer, Grupo 3 modalidad escuchar). En los tres casos la respuesta de igualación fue escrita. Los resultados indicaron que todas las modalidades reactivas habilitaron la res-puesta de escribir como respuesta de igualación, sin embargo, se presentó un mayor nivel de habilitación del modo observar al escribir en comparación con las demás modalidades, mientras que leer y escucharmostraron un nivel de habilitación semejante. El Experimento 2 siguió la misma lógica del Experimento 1 pero en este caso el modo reactivo fue presentado junto con el modo activo hablar. Los resultados mostraron la misma tendencia del Experimento 1, sin embargo, se observó que la habilitación fue menor en todos los casos. Los resultados se discuten en términos del concepto de habilitación y los modos lingüísticos.
Precisión de descripciones, retroalimentación y conocimiento de la fi nalidad de la descripción poscontacto sobre la ejecución, elaboración y transmisión de descripciones
Authors:   Universidad de Guadalajara, Ortiz Gerardo
Published: January 2025

En el presente trabajo se presentan dos estudios que tuvieron como objetivo explorar los efectos de la ex-plicitud de la fi nalidad de la descripción, la precisión de las descripciones precontacto y la frecuencia de retroalimentación sobre el tipo de descripciones elaboradas, la ejecución instrumental y la transmisión de descripciones en tareas de igualación de la muestra. En el Experimento 1 participaron 30 estudiantes univer-sitarios que fueron asignados aleatoriamente a uno de seis grupos experimentales para realizar una tarea de discriminación condicional (igualación a la muestra de primer orden). Los resultados mostraron que la pre-cisión de las descripciones precontacto y la frecuencia de la retroalimentación tienen efectos diferenciales en la ejecución instrumental del sujeto así como la falta de correspondencia entre los niveles de dicha ejecución y el tipo de descripción realizada. En el Experimento 2 se investigó el uso de descripciones realizadas por diferentes sujetos del primer experimento como descripciones precontacto para los sujetos de los grupos correspondientes de este estudio. En general se observan ejecuciones cercanas al nivel de azar (i.e. 12 acier-tos), aunque los participantes del grupo con retroalimentación continua y acoplado con un sujeto que recibió descripciones precontacto específi cas, obtuvieron altas ejecuciones en la segunda fase del experimento. Se discute en términos de las variables que pueden afectar tanto la adquisición de una función instruccional para la descripción precontacto como aquellas que afectan la elaboración de las descripciones poscontacto y la adquisición de una función de regla.
Análisis de la sustitución extrasituacional
Authors:   Universidad Veracruzana, Pérez-Almonacid Ricardo
Published: January 2025

Se propone un análisis crítico de la interpretación dominante de la sustitución extrasituacional, según la cual, ésta consiste en hablar o escribir sobre lo que no es aparente o no está presente. Entre las razones por las cua-les se impuso tal interpretación, se encuentra la infl uencia del modelo de referencia clásico, y la igualación entre sustitución y convencionalidad, ésta con lo inaparente y lo aparente con lo situacional. Se desarrolla una interpretación alternativa según la cual, la sustitución extrasituacional es el cambio en una situación conductual en función de propiedades funcionales convencionales de otra situación; además, se muestra cómo esta interpretación es congruente con los fenómenos que pretendieron cubrirse cuando el concepto fue formulado, así como coherente con el resto de la taxonomía de Ribes y López (1985). Se concluye afirmando que esta interpretación sólo es posible cuando se toma en conjunto la obra posterior a la de estos autores.
Porque o controle aversivo não é uma possibilidade na clínica
Authors:   Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São Paulo, Guedes Maria Luisa
Published: January 2025

As relações comportamentais estabelecidas entre as pessoas compõem o ambiente especial que nos distingue das outras espécies. Embora muito do sofrimento humano decorrente das relações com a natureza tenha sido amenizado com os avanços tecnológicos, aversividades advindas de relações entre indivíduos são ainda frequentes. Nas relações sociais, por emparelhamento, um indivíduo pode ser um reforçador condicionado e generalizado, porém, ao infl igir estimulação dolorosa incondicional a outro, este pode, também, tornar-se um estímulo aversivo condicionado. Os efeitos do uso de estímulos aversivos já são bastante conhecidos: eliciação de respostas emocionais negativas, predisposição para fuga e ataque à fonte estimuladora, etc. Entretanto, tais efeitos não impedem a ocorrência do comportamento punido e dispõem o indivíduo a agir de qualquer modo que amenize os estados corporais indesejáveis produzidos, com alta probabilidade de in-terrupção da interação com o indivíduo controlador. O objetivo do presente texto não foi uma apresentação rigorosa de novos dados sobre controle aversivo, mas, uma refl exão sobre os efeitos já conhecidos. Muitos dos efeitos desastrosos do controle aversivo já foram descritos, assim como algumas pistas para entender porque abusamos dele. Porém, dado o grande desafi o em promover o abandono de tais práticas, pesquisas sobre controle aversivo ainda são bem-vindas e necessárias.
Skinner e a assimetria entre reforçamento e punição
Authors:   Universidade Federal do Pará, Carvalho Neto Marcus Bentes de , Mayer Paulo César Morales ,   Universidade Federal do Pará
Published: January 2025

O comportamento operante é defi nido como aquele que é afetado pelas suas consequências. Poderia se es-perar, então, que enquanto alguns eventos ambientais posteriores ao responder teriam função fortalecedora, outras teriam uma função inversa, enfraquecendo-o. Entretanto, Skinner, ao discutir os mecanismos subja-centes ao fenômeno da punição, recorre a um modo explicativo alternativo, não estritamente selecionista. Adicionalmente, Skinner apresenta um conjunto de críticas ao uso da punição, enfatizando os seus efeitos negativos. Em tese, o reforçamento não teria os mesmos problemas e por isso seria uma melhor alternativa de controle. Reforçamento e punição seriam, nesse contexto, assimétricos. No presente ensaio foram identi-fi cadas e examinadas criticamente as oito principais objeções skinnerianas à punição. O objetivo foi avaliar se a caracterização que Skinner faz da punição se aplicaria ou não ao reforçamento, discutindo a partir daí a simetria ou assimetria entre os dois fenômenos. Observou-se que todas as operações e efeitos apresentados como típicos da punição (seus problemas intrínsecos) existiriam também no reforçamento. Portanto, usando a própria caracterização skinneriana, conclui-se que os dois fenômenos comportamentais seriam simétricos.
Afi nal, o que é controle aversivo?
Authors:   Universidade de São Paulo, Hunziker Maria Helena Leite
Published: January 2025

Embora a literatura relativa à análise do comportamento descreva as relações que envolvem controle aver-sivo, esse termo não é, em si, defi nido claramente. O presente texto visa analisar conceitualmente o que signifi ca “controle” e que fatores o caracterizam como “aversivo”. O termo “controle” é analisado funcio-nalmente, considerando-se as probabilidades relacionais envolvidas nas relações operantes e respondentes. Destaca-se a característica de bi-direcionalidade do controle na interação organismo/ambiente, o que ca-racteriza essa relação como dinâmica e responsável pela renovação contínua do comportamento e pela sua individualidade. A análise dos fatores que caracterizam o controle é feita a partir das operações e seus efeitos comportamentais, bem como da natureza dos estímulos envolvidos nas relações nomeadas como aversi-vas. Conclui-se que nenhum desses fatores permite a caracterização objetiva do agrupamento das relações aversivas. Sugere-se que o maior desenvolvimento de estudos experimentais sobre respondentes encobertos (respostas “emocionais”) pode ser um fator que ajude a tornar mais objetiva essa classifi cação.
El análisis conductista del pensamiento humano
Authors:   Universidad Veracruzana, Pérez-Almonacid Ricardo
Published: January 2025

Se revisa el estatus conceptual y experimental del análisis conductista del pensamiento humano. Se hace un análisis crítico del estado del arte principalmente dentro del Análisis de la Conducta, planteando que entre sus problemas se encuentra el basarse en categorías propias para relaciones asociativas, forzándolas para dar cuenta de aquello que las rebasa, en plantearse como objetivos científicos sólo la predicción y el control, y en confundir la complejidad cualitativa con la cuantitativa. Finalmente, se esboza una alternativa conductual basada en una concepción molar, que reconoce contingencias convencionales mediadas por respuestas lin-güísticas, que considera como fundamental trascender el abordaje asociativo para su establecimiento y que defiende objetivos científicos distintos a los de la predicción y el control.
Reproductive consequences of mate retention and divorce in a short-lived migratory passerine
Authors: Ramírez Daniel , Redondo Iraida , Martinez-Padilla Jesus , Camacho Carlos , Potti Jaime , Canal David
Published: January 2025

In socially monogamous birds, pair bond duration varies widely across species, from single-breeding associations to long-lasting, multi-year bonds. Studies on mate retention and divorce have predominantly focused on long-lived species, while research in short-lived and migratory species is limited. Consequently, the fitness consequences of divorce or remating in these species remain unclear. Here, we used a long term (1987–2023) and individual-based dataset to investigate the reproductive consequences of mate retention and divorce in pied flycatchers (Ficedula hypoleuca), a short-lived, long-distance migratory passerine. First, we described the overall patterns of divorce and remating within the population. Then, we analyzed whether reproductive success (laying date, clutch size and number of fledglings) differed between individuals that remate and those that divorce, while controlling for confounding factors, such as age or breeding dispersal. Specifically, we compared the reproductive consequences in the season before remating or divorce (year t) and the subsequent season (year t+1). We found that remating rates were low (3.52%) compared to divorces (26.8%), and both remained stable over the study period. In terms of reproductive performance, pair bond duration (remating vs. divorce) did not explain variation in laying date or clutch size. However, divorce was associated with an increase in the number of fledglings in the year following separation for both males and females, while remated individuals produced more fledglings in their first breeding season. The fitness consequences of divorce/remating persisted after accounting for confounding factors, supporting a direct influence of pairing status on reproductive success. These findings highlight the complex dynamics of mate relationships in short-lived migratory birds and emphasize the need for further research into the adaptive potential of pair-bond stability.
Teacher Scaffolding and Collaborative Learning in Public Speaking: Voices of Students
Authors: Nguyen Thi Thanh Thao
Published: January 2025

In spite of the prevalence of public speaking courses at tertiary level, it remains a challenge for many English as a Second language (ESL) learners. Collaborative learning strategies have been employed to support students in learning this skill. Various factors contribute to the success of collaborative learning in public speaking; however, the role teacher scaffolding has received limited research attention. As a response, this study examined undergraduate students in a Vietnamese university who took part in a 15-session public speaking course to investigate their perceptions of this issue. Drawing on semi-structured interviews and the process of theme analysis, findings indicated the role of teacher scaffolding and factors that influence its effectiveness in collaborative activities in a public speaking course from students’ perspective. The study also suggested pedagogical implications for enhancing the learning process.
Variety of Slogan Languages in Food Advertising through Television Media
Authors: Andriyanto  , Suherli Kusmana  , Jimat Susilo
Published: January 2025

Advertising is one of the ways that manufacturers market products or services with the aim of attracting consumer attention. The success of the product or service marketed is greatly influenced by the creation of attractive advertisements. The selection of a variety of languages packaged in the form of slogans will be a characteristic of each producer. The purpose of this study is to analyze the use of slogan language variations in food advertisements aired on television. With the increasing competitors of the food industry, television is becoming the most effective medium to attract the attention of consumers. This study classifies and identifies various variations of advertising language including the use of figurative language, vocabulary selection, and emotional elements that can create connectivity with consumers. The data analysis method uses descriptive analysis of the languages used in advertising with an emphasis on language structure, meaning, and psychological impact on consumers. The results of this study show that the variation of slogan language contained in food product advertisements conveyed through television media can increase and influence consumer psychology. This finding can be used as a reference for producers in increasing people's purchasing power for food products through television media. In addition, it can also provide knowledge and insight for producers in designing more creative and innovative advertisements.
Tourist Safety Risk Management at Tourist Attraction in Upang River
Authors: Pusparini Marissa , Lestari Zakia Ayu
Published: January 2025

This study aims to investigate tourism development strategies in the Sungai Upang Conservation Area, located in Bangka Belitung Province, Indonesia. Sungai Upang is a tourist destination renowned for its rich biodiversity and natural landscapes, officially designated as a conservation area in 2017. The management of the Sungai Upang Conservation Area actively involves local community participation through organizations such as the Bangka Flora Society (a local environmental organization), Sahabat Alam Sungai Upang (Friends of Nature Sungai Upang), and Pokdarwis (Kelompok Sadar Wisata or Tourism Awareness Group), which promote sustainable tourism and environmental preservation. This study employed a qualitative research approach, utilizing in-depth interviews with key management personnel and direct site observations. The findings indicate that tourism development strategies in Sungai Upang focus primarily on promoting eco-tourism and conservation education. The local government and the State Electricity Company (Perusahaan Listrik Negara or PLN) have supported infrastructure and facility development in the area to increase tourist visits and enhance the economic welfare of the local community. However, the rising number of visitors has introduced potential risks and challenges that must be addressed. This study identified several risks, including environmental degradation, safety concerns, and management inefficiencies. To mitigate these risks, the study recommends implementing a comprehensive risk management system that includes the development of safety protocols, continuous environmental monitoring, and stronger community engagement in the management process. The findings of this study offer valuable insights for the sustainable development of tourism in the Sungai Upang Conservation Area and can serve as a reference for similar ecotourism contexts. Additionally, this study contributes to a deeper understanding of the complex relationship between tourism development, environmental conservation, and risk management in ecologically sensitive destinations.
Multiplying Impact: The Role of Emotional Marketing in Mitigating Customer Revenge
Authors: Al-Hadrawi Baqer Khudair , Shlafman Natalia Leonidovna , Reniati Reniati
Published: January 2025

This study investigates the effectiveness of emotional marketing strategies in reducing instances of customer revenge, focusing on Fayd AL-Qassim Company in Al-Najaf Al-Ashraf as the applied context. Emotional marketing—characterized by personalized communication, empathetic customer service, and brand storytelling—plays a significant role in shaping customer perceptions and responses. By appealing to customers' emotions, companies can enhance satisfaction and loyalty, thereby reducing the likelihood of revengeful actions against the company. Using a descriptive-analytical approach, data were collected from employees of Fayd AL-Qassim Company. Statistical analysis conducted with SPSS v27 and Amos v24 revealed a significant correlation between emotional marketing efforts and revenge behaviors. The findings indicate that implementing emotional marketing techniques can provide substantial benefits for companies, not only by fostering positive customer relationships but also by protecting the company’s reputation and financial stability. This study contributes to the growing body of knowledge on the importance of emotional marketing in mitigating negative customer behaviors, highlighting its role in amplifying positive impacts on business outcomes.
Obraz polskiej kampanii prezydenckiej (2020) w niemieckiej prasie. Analiza dzienników ,,Süddeutsche Zeitung” i ,,Die Welt”
Authors: Weidmann Iwona
Published: January 2025

Celem artykułu jest określenie obrazu polskiej kampanii prezydenckiej w 2020 r. w niemieckiej prasie codziennej oraz wskazanie ewentualnych różnic w jej relacjonowaniu przez media o odmiennej orientacji politycznej. Z tego względu do badań wybrano ogólnoniemieckie dzienniki o różnych profilach: liberalno-lewicową ,,Süddeutsche Zeitung” i prawicowo-konserwatywną ,,Die Welt”. Metody badań: zastosowano metodę analizy zawartości w modelu jakościowym. Analizie poddano sposób, w jaki niemieckie redakcje pisały o organizacji wyborów w 2020 r., przebiegu kampanii i poszczególnych kandydatach. Materiał badawczy stanowiły artykuły prasowe ze wspomnianych dzienników, które ukazały się w formie papierowej od 6 lutego do 12 lipca 2020 r. – podczas kampanii prezydenckiej w Polsce. Badania pozwoliły na sformułowanie następujących wniosków: ujęcia kampanii prezydenckiej w „Süddeutsche Zeitung” i „Die Welt”, pomimo odmiennych profili tych tytułów, były podobne. Na łamach obu gazet pisano krytycznie o organizacji wyborów (niezgodność z prawem) i przebiegu kampanii (nierówne szanse kandydatów). Dzienniki umieściły wybory prezydenckie w szerszym kontekście polityczno-społecznym, wskazując na naruszenia praworządności przez polski rząd. W relacjonowaniu kampanii dziennikarze „Süddeutsche Zeitung” i „Die Welt” skupili się na prezentacji dwóch kandydatów o największych szansach na zwycięstwo. Tytuły przedstawiały prezydenta Dudę zdecydowanie negatywnie, natomiast kandydatów Koalicji Obywatelskiej – pozytywnie.
Not Merely a Tourist Site: Jamaica Kincaid’s Evocation of Antigua in A Small Place
Authors: Hossain Sanjeeda
Published: January 2025

Jamaica Kincaid in her book A Small Place (1981) describes Antigua as a holiday destination. As she revisits her homeland after a long period, she adopts a postcolonial perspective in viewing the island’s contemporary socio-political system. Though the British colonizers and slave-traders have left, the colonial legacy persists with their heirs' continual arrival to the island as tourists. Meanwhile, Kincaid notes that the majority of Antiguans, who were descendants of former slaves, remain subjugated. The writer argues that the histories of slavery and colonialism are hindrances to Antigua’s formation of its identity as an independent and self-reliant state. This paper studies Kincaid’s narration from the perspective of a solo female traveller travelling back to her native land as a tourist. By doing so, it will examine the difficulties she confronts during her travel that affect her narrative.
Spectrum, Volume 18, June 2023: 31-39
Creating Alter-Nation through De-territorialization in Sam Selvon’s The Lonely Londoners
Authors: Alam Musrat
Published: January 2025

This paper will explore the concept of de-territiorialization and its contribution to the re-imagining of the borderline concept of a nation into an alter-nation in Sam Selvon’s The Lonely Londoners (1956). In a post-WWII British context, Britain’s territorial space opened up as an opportunity for the influx of migrants even as it grappled with changes in policy-making, including the “British Nationality Act of 1948”. It allowed the migrants to frequently challenge the unity of Englishness against the backdrop of multiculturalism. Selvon’s novel focuses on the lives and the newly found ways of Caribbean migrants to adapt to post-WWII Britain. This paper will explore how de-territorialization as an idea prompted the English to re-conceptualize a nation as an alter-nation in Selvon’s novel.
Spectrum, Volume 18, June 2023: 80-88
The influence of the molecular weight of hyaluronic acid on the mangiferin release kinetics from the polymer matrix
Authors: Snetkov P. P. , Shaikenov R. O. , Klimshina V. I. , Generalova Yu. E. , Morozkina S. N.
Published: January 2025

Introduction. Currently, the use of natural biologically active agents (BAA) as effective antibacterial drugs for both external and internal use is becoming widespread. Polyphenol mangiferin, extracted from the leaves of the Mangifera indica plant, is the most attractive BAA. Despite high antimicrobial activity against gram-positive and gram-negative strains of bacteria, the use of mangiferin is limited by its low aqueous solubility. To increase solubility and, accordingly, bioavailability, various approaches are used, in particular, encapsulation in polymer and biopolymer matrices. One of the promising biopolymers for the encapsulation of biologically active substances is hyaluronic acid, which is completely biocompatible with the tissues of a living organism and is capable of complete biodegradation under the influence of enzymes (hyaluronidases).

Aim. Study of the release kinetics of the biologically active agent (mangiferin) from a polymer matrix based on hyaluronic acid with different molecular weights.

Materials and methods. Polymer films obtained by casting method from 1.5 wt.% forming solutions of hyaluronic acid with a molecular weight of 1.30 and 2.48 MDa with different contents of mangiferin were used as the objects of the study. The weight ratio of hyaluronic acid to mangiferin varied from 5 to 25. Released mangiferin was measured by UV/Vis spectrophotometry at a wavelength of 237 nm. A phosphate buffered saline with pH 7.4 was used as a model medium. The mangiferin release kinetic was assessed using various mathematical models.

Results and discussion. Mangiferin release kinetic from a polymer matrix based on hyaluronic acid has a release sigmoidal pattern. The release mechanism has a complex nature of the Super Case II transport type, with the exception of a sample with a low content of mangiferin and hyaluronic acid with molecular weight equal to 1.3 MDa, for which an abnormal release pattern is detected (non-Fickian diffusion), due to the hydrophilic nature of hyaluronic acid, the rapid swelling of the polymer matrix, as well as a significant leading in the diffusion of mangiferin compared to the relaxation rate of the polymer. The most suitable model is the Weibull model, which describes the mangiferin release kinetics with greater accuracy compared to other mathematical models.

Conclusion. The results obtained indicate the potential possibility of using the developed polymer films as biomedical materials for external use, which provide transdermal delivery of pharmaceutical agents. The authors of the study are planning to develop a methodology for prolonged and controlled release of a loaded biologically active agent, including by various cross-linking agents.
Keanekaragaman Makrozoobenthos di Sungai Way Umpu Kabupaten Way Kanan Provinsi Lampung
Authors: Arsitalia Metari , Tugiyono Tugiyono , Master Jani , Susanto G. Nugroho
Published: January 2025

Way Umpu River, located in Way Kanan Regency, Lampung Province, is widely used by the local community and the waste products are ultimately disposed of into the river. This can cause a decrease in river water quality which can cause changes in the balance of the ecosystem, both biotic and abiotic. One of the organisms that can be used as a bioindicator is macrozoobenthos. This research aims to determine the diversity of macrozoobenthos as a bioindicator of water pollution quality. The method used was a survey method and sampling using Ekmen Grab at 6 sampling stations. Samples were taken 3 times in the left, middle and right bank areas of the river. Apart from that, water analysis was carried out in the form of physical parameters (temperature and TSS) and chemical parameters (pH, DO, COD, BOD). The data was then analyzed using the Diversity Index. The research results found 14 types of macrozoobenthos consisting of 5 phylum, namely Arthopoda, Mollusca, Porifera, Ciliophora, and Annelida. From the results of the analysis of the macrozoobenthos diversity index at station IV, it has a value of 0.56 ind/m2, which states that the location is heavily polluted. Physical and chemical factors show a significant correlation with macrozoobenthos diversity.
Validasi Instrumen Pemahaman Konsep Pada Materi Sel Untuk Siswa SMA
Authors: Hajiriah Titi Laily , Adnyana Putu Budi , Rapi Ni Ketut
Published: January 2025

This study aims to validate concept understanding instruments on cell material for high school students using Content Validity Ratio (CVR) and Content Validity Index (CVI). Instrument validation was conducted by five experts from three different universities. The results showed that most of the items had CVR and CVI values that met the established validity criteria, only a few items were declared invalid and needed to be revised or deleted. Furthermore, the results of the reliability test using Cronbach's Alpha obtained a value of 0.913 which indicates that this instrument has excellent reliability. This valid and reliable instrument can be used by biology teachers in high school to measure students' concept understanding of cell material. The use of this instrument is expected to help identify weak areas of student understanding and design more effective learning strategies. This research supports the importance of instrument validation to ensure the accuracy of measurement results and increase teacher and student confidence in the results obtained. Thus, the instrument that has been developed is expected to contribute significantly to improving the quality of biology learning in high school.
Analisis Faktor-Faktor yang Mempengaruhi Kepatuhan Perawat dalam Melaksanakan Standar Asuhan Keperawatan
Authors: Asmadi Andi , Menap Menap
Published: January 2025

This study aims to identify the factors influencing nurse compliance in implementing nursing care procedures at RSUD Praya Lombok Tengah, focusing on the surgical, internal medicine, and pediatric wards. This observational analytic study uses a cross-sectional design involving 36 nurses as respondents. The variables analyzed include education, salary, rewards, work interaction, and safety. The research instruments used include questionnaires, interviews, and checklists. The questionnaire was used to measure respondents' demographics, salary, rewards, work interaction, and safety, while compliance was measured using a checklist. Data analysis using chi-square and regression tests showed that none of the independent variables had a significant influence on nurse compliance. The logistic regression test results showed significance values for income (Sig. = 0,487), work interaction (Sig. = 0,721), rewards (Sig. = 0,516), and safety (Sig. = 0,571), all of which were greater than 0.05, indicating no significant influence. However, it can be concluded that a holistic approach still plays an important role in improving nurse compliance.
Wave Height Characteristics Due to The Influence of Land and Sea Breezes on Fishermen’s Activities in The Coastal Area of Makassar City Using Doppler Weather Radar
Authors: Pertiwi Dini Afiaty , Asbar Asbar , Jamal Muhammad
Published: January 2025

Makassar City, located on the southwest coast of Sulawesi Island, exhibits dominant land and sea breeze circulation, with sea breezes being stronger during the day and land breezes at night. The use of weather radar is effective in identifying these wind characteristics, which are crucial for fishing activities and renewable energy. This study investigates the characteristics of land and sea breezes and their relation to wave heights in the Spermonde Waters of Makassar during the east and west seasons, providing important information for maritime activities in Makassar City. The research area is located between 4°59’20”S 119°27’46”E and 5°11’26”S 119°22’54”E. This study uses weather observation data, including weather radar data, weather observations, and wave heights from January 2020 to December 2020, divided into three seasonal periods (rainy season, transition period, and dry season). The weather observation data were obtained from Hasanuddin Makassar Meteorological Station and Paotere Makassar Maritime Meteorological Station. Additionally, questionnaires were distributed to fishermen at three locations: PPI Paotere Makassar, PPI Untia Makassar, and Kuri Caddi-Maros Beach Fishermen Village, with 15 respondents at each location. The study shows that land breezes in Makassar are dominant from 18:05 to 19:00 LT with a duration of 9.1 to 11 hours, while sea breezes dominate from 08:00 to 09:00 LT with a duration of 5.1 to 7 hours. This phenomenon is most frequently detected during the dry season (JJA). Land and sea breezes can intrude up to 20.1 to 30 km from the coastline. There is a highly significant positive correlation between wind and wave height in January and August, indicating a strong influence of winds on waves in the Spermonde Waters of Makassar. About 80% of fishermen utilize these wind conditions for fishing activities. Overall, the land and sea breeze patterns significantly impact wave heights and the activities of fishermen in the coastal areas of Makassar.