bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Death during police interrogation: Case report
Authors: Atanasijevic Tatjana , Nikolic Slobodan , Popovic Vesna
Published: July 2008

Introduction: Cases of sudden and unexpected deaths of criminal suspects in presence of police always have special forensic medical approach. Often, such deaths are preceded by a state of extreme psychophysical activity (excitated delirium) of suspects, when they may injure themselves. Police attempts to prevent that can inevitably lead to struggle. Immediately after the struggle ends (but also during a struggle), they abruptly become unresponsive, and develop cardiopulmonary arrest and death. Presence of drugs significantly intensifies the harmful effect of such state and leads to death. Case outline. We present a case of death of a young man brought into custody during police interrogation. Autopsy showed injuries and presence of MDMA, with suspicion that death was preceded by the state of excitated delirium. After thorough analysis of the case (complete autopsy, toxicological screening, microscopic survey of all organs, circumstances of death etc.), our conclusion is that death was related to drug consumption - ecstasy. Concentration of ecstasy found in kidneys is the minimum concentration possible that could lead to heart malfunction and death. Conclusion. Our opinion is that there are no medical data by which we could determine if, and in what dosage, undesirable effects of ecstasy were enhanced by the circumstances of the case. .
Treatment possibilities in ectromelia
Authors: Nemeş Dan , Poenaru Dan , Bereteu Oana , Onofrei Roxana , Amaricai Elena , Totorean Alina
Published: July 2008

Introduction: Ectromelia is a congenital abnormality characterized by limb growth disturbances (aplasia or hypoplasia) during the period from 4th to 8th gestation week. Case outline. We present a case of hemimezomelic longitudinal ectromelia of the right upper limb associated with other skeletal abnormalities, surgically treated. An important role in the management of this case is attributed to the complex rehabilitation programme done before and after each surgical intervention. Conclusion. The aim of the complex therapy is to diminish the permanent invalidity of these patients. .
Cardiac myxoma: The influence of preoperative clinical presentation and surgical technique on late outcome
Authors: Mikic Aleksandar , Obrenovic-Kircanski Biljana , Kocica Mladen , Vranes Mile , Lackovic Vesna , Velinovic Milos , Markovic Miroslav , Kovacevic Natasa , Djukic Petar
Published: July 2008

Introduction Cardiac myxomas are the most frequent primary tumors of the heart in adults, and they can be found in each of four cardiac chambers. Although biologically benign, due to their unfavorable localization, myxomas are considered "functionally malignant" tumors. Diagnosis of cardiac myxoma necessitates surgical treatment. Objective To analyze: 1) the influence of localization, size and consistency of cardiac myxomas on preoperative symptomatology; 2) the influence of different surgical techniques (left, right, biatrial approach, tumor basis solving) on early, and late outcomes. Method From 1982 to 2000, at the Institute for Cardiovascular Diseases, Clinical Center of Serbia, there were 46 patients with cardiac myxomas operated on, 67.4% of them women, mean age 47.1?16.3 years. The diagnosis was made according to clinical presentation, electrocardiographic and echocardiographic examinations and cardiac catheterization. Follow-up period was 4-18 (mean 7.8) years. Results In 41 (89.1%) patients, myxoma was localized in the left, while in 5 (10.9%), it was found in the right atrium. Average size was 5.8?3.8 cm (range: 1?1 cm to 9?8 cm) and 6?4 cm (range: 3?2 cm to 9?5 cm) for the left and right atrial myxomas, respectively. A racemous form predominated in the left (82.6%) and globous in the right (80%) atrium. Fatigue was the most common general (84.8%) and dyspnoea the most common cardiologic symptom (73.9%). Preoperative embolic events were present in 8 patients (4 pulmonary, 4 systemic). In our series: 1) different localization, size and consistency had no influence on the preoperative symptomatology; 2) surgical treatment applied, regardless of different approaches and basis solving, resulted in excellent functional improvements (63.1% patients in NYHA III and IV class preoperatively vs. 6.7% patients postoperatively) and had no influence on new postoperative rhythm disturbances (8.7% patients preoperatively vs. 24.4% patients postoperatively); 3) early (97.8%), and late survival rates (91.3%) were excellent; 4) there were no relapses during the follow-up period. Conclusion Localization, size and consistency had no influence on the preoperative symptomatology. Excellent survival rate with significant functional improvement, rare postoperative complications and no recurrences, justify the applied strategies of surgical approach and tumor basis solving in our series.
Mental disorders in patients with acute necrotic pancreatitis
Authors: Stefanovic Dejan , Lekic Nebojsa , Dimitrijevic Ivan , Zuvela Marinko , Galun Danijel , Radovanovic Nebojsa , Kerkez Mirko , Kalezic Nevena
Published: July 2008

Introduction The prognosis of patients with acute pancreatitis is still uncertain regardless of modern therapeutic procedures. It is even more emphasized if the acute pancreatitis is followed by psychic disorders. Objective The aim of the study was to provide an overview of the incidence of certain psychosomatic disorders in patients with acute pancreatitis and evaluate priority therapeutic procedures. Method In this study, we analyzed 16 patients with psychosomatic disorders followed by the episode of acute pancreatitis among 202 patients that were hospitalized in the period from 1993 until 2000. The diagnosis was based on anamnesis, clinical and laboratory findings and diagnostic procedures such as X-ray, US, CT and MRI. Results Among 16 patients with psychosomatic disorders followed by acute pancreatitis, 13 (81.25%) patients were operated on and 3 (18.75%) patients were medically treated. 6 patients experienced hallucinations, 5 memory deficiency, 16 disorientation and 14 confabulation. Conclusion Psychosomatic disorders in patients with acute pancreatitis require complex medical treatment. Due to the already mentioned complications, the management of these conditions is very difficult and with uncertain.
Diagnostic and prognostic values of standard and dynamic ultrasound in early detection and treatment of developmental hip deformity
Authors: Pajic Milos , Vukasinovic Zoran
Published: July 2008

Introduction A clinical examination of a newborn infant is indispensable, but certainly insufficient for a diagnosis of developmental deformity of the hip (DDH) to be made. The use of the ultrasound in the diagnostics of DDH, beside the visualization and making the respective clinical findings objective, made possible verification (still without a distinction of the tissues) of the two basic categories of the primary condition of a newborn baby hips. Objective The purpose of this study was to find out the optimal methodological procedure for the early detection of DDH in newborn infants and suckling. Method During 2002 and 2003, at the Neonatal Department of the Clinic for Gynecology and Obstetrics, Novi Sad, as well as at the Institute for Orthopedic Surgery "Banjica" Belgrade, there were 4016 newborn infants examined, i.e. 8032 hips clinically and by ultrasound. The standard Graf?s methodological procedure was applied completely, supplemented by the dynamic examination by pushing back and stretching femora along, that is by the techniques of Couture and Harcke. Results In order to categorize the condition of the hip of a newborn infant, the sonographic classification of R. Graaf, Th. Harcke and D. Pajic was used. The ultrasound analysis demonstrated a frequency of the sonotype Ia in 552 (13.08%) of the newborn infants, the sonotype Ib in 2934 (73.00%), the sonotype IIa+ in 481 (11.97%) and the pathological cases with sonotypes IIg 42 (1.04%), IId 17 (0.42%), IIIa 15 (0.37%) and IV 5 (0.12%). The total number of unstable critical, discentering and discentered cases of DDH was 79 (1.95%). The incidence of DDH was three times more frequent in girls, mostly bilateral; when unilateral, it was more frequent in the left one. The results of the early treatment were uniformly excellent, but in two cases there was established osteochondritis of the first degree (Pavlik?s harness 1, Von Rosen?s splint 1). Conclusion It has been proven that the clinical examination was inevitable, but insufficient for diagnosis of DDH. The standard sonographic examination should be supplemented by provocative dynamic diagnostic procedures in all immature, at risk and discentering hips. By doing so, it is possible to differentiate prognostically the hips evolving to a spontaneous normalization from those striving to a progredient decentralization. For a sonographic diagnosis, the first three weeks are essential, but for therapy, the crucial is the sixth week.
The effects of three-week fasting diet on blood pressure, lipid profile and glucoregulation in extremely obese patients
Authors: Beleslin Biljana , Ciric Jasmina , Zarkovic Milos , Penezic Zorana , Vujovic Svetlana , Trbojevic Bozo , Drezgic Milka
Published: July 2008

Introduction Obesity is often accompanied by a number of complications including diabetes mellitus and cardiovascular diseases. Elevated blood pressure and lipids, as well as deterioration of glucoregulation are attributed, as the most significant factors, to development of diabetes mellitus and cardiovascular complications in obese patients. Objective The aim of our study was to evaluate the effects of a fasting diet on blood pressure, lipid profile and glucoregulatory parameters. Method We included 110 patients (33 male and 77 female; mean age 35?1 years, body weight 131.7?2.6 kg, body mass index 45.4?0.8 kg/m2) who were hospitalized for three weeks for the treatment of extreme obesity with the fasting diet. At the beginning, during, and at the end of this period, we evaluated changes in blood pressure, lipid profile, as well as parameters of glucoregulation including glycaemia, insulinaemia, and insulin sensitivity by HOMA. Oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) was performed in all patients at the beginning and at the end of the fasting diet. Results During the fasting diet, the body weight decreased from 131.7?2.6 kg to 117.7?2.4 kg (p<0.001), the body mass index decreased from 45.4?0.8 kg/m2 to 40.8?0.8 kg/m2 (p<0.001), and both systolic and diastolic blood pressure significantly declined (143?2 vs. 132?2 mm Hg, p<0.001; 92?2 vs. 85?2 mm Hg, p<0.001). In addition, the fasting diet produced a significant decrease in total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, triglycerides, as well as basal glycaemia and insulinaemia (p<0.001) Before the fasting diet, OGTT was normal in 76% of patients, whereas 21% of patients showed glucose intolerance, and 4% of patients diabetes mellitus. After the fasting diet, OGTT was normal in 88% of patients, whereas 12% of patients still had signs of glucose intolerance (p<0.05). In addition, insulin resistance significantly (p<0.05) increased from 54?6% to 89?13% after the fasting diet. Conclusion The three-week fasting diet in extremely obese patients produced a significant decrease and normalization of blood pressure, decrease in lipids, and improvement in glucoregulation including the increase in insulin sensitivity.
Alveolar adenoma: A rare lung tumor
Authors: Stojsic Jelena , Milenkovic Branislava , Radojicic Jelena , Percinkovski Malina
Published: July 2008

Introduction Alveolar adenoma belongs to the group of benign epithelial tumors. Histogenesis of alveolar adenoma is a combination of proliferation of alveolar pneumocytes and fibrous tissue originating from septal mesenchyma. Case outline A sixty-nine-year old female patient was hospitalized for clinical examination and surgery of well defined and homogenous timorous lesion in the right middle lobe causing pleural pain. Bronchoscopic examination with biopsy did not resolve etiology of the disease. Tumorectomy was performed. Timorous nodule had a multicystic appearance and histologically, histochemically and immunohistochemically, an alveolar adenoma was estimated. Five years after surgery, the patient feels well, without respiratory symptoms and signs of recurrence or malignant alteration, respectively. Conclusion Alveolar adenoma is a rare benign lung tumor, most frequently presented as a solitary pulmonary nodule. After complete surgery, the tumor neither relapses nor malignantly alters. Surgical excision is curative. It is necessary to take into consideration alveolar adenoma, too, when a solitary pulmonary nodule is diagnosed.
Unusual biological behavior of femoral liposarcoma
Authors: Stojanovic Milan , Goldner Branislav , Djukic Spasenija
Published: July 2008

Introduction Liposarcoma of a bone is a very rare tumor of the fatty marrow, originating from lipoblasts. Its frequency is 1:1000 of all bone tumors. The long bones and the lower extremities are predominantly affected, equally in males and females between 30 and 70 years of age. In the estimation of its biological behavior, histological graduation (G), the surgical localization of the tumor (T) and the presence or absence of metastases (M), are very important. A tumor with low grade differentiation, with transosseal propagation and metastases, has a poor prognosis. Surgical resection-amputation, chemotherapy and radiotherapy are the therapeutic methods of choice. Case outline Twelve years ago, in a 58-year old man, there was a radiologically diagnosed sarcoma in the lower part of the right femur manifested with painful swelling in that region. The high suprapatellar amputation was done. There was a histologically proved liposarcoma of a high grade of malignancy. According to the therapeutic protocol, chemotherapy and radiotherapy were applied. During the period of 12 years, the patient had a relapse on the stump, metastatic dissemination in the soft tissue of small pelvis twice, once in the left scapular region and in the inguinal lymph nodes, six operations and 8-year accumulation of metastatic deposits in the lung. Now, the patient feels relatively well, mobile, and walks 5 kilometres every day. Conclusion Unusual behaviour of the liposarcoma of high grade malignancy with which the patient has been living for 12 years, could be explained by the patient?s strong immunobiological system in the struggle to retain its vitality and mobility.
Immune recovery vitritis
Authors: Dujic Mirjana , Jevtovic Djordje
Published: July 2008

Introduction Immune recovery vitritis (IRV) is symptomatic vitritis of > 1+ severity associated with inactive cytomegalovirus (CMV) retinitis. It is an opportunistic infection of the eye, in the patients who suffer from AIDS, and is treated with a highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART). As a result of this therapy, there is an immune reconstitution in the body and inflammation of the vitreous body. Objective The aim of the study was to show the incidence of IRV in patients treated with HAART. Method A retrospective study was conducted in patients who suffered from CMV retinitis. Twenty-one were treated with HAART and had the diagnosis of CMV retinitis, as well. All of them were examined by the same ophthalmologist who peformed slit lamp examination with mydriasis and indirect ophthalmoscopy. Results Nine of 21 patients developed IRV as a complication of HAART, two had cystoid macular edema (CMO). Conclusion CMV retinitis develops when the number of CD4+ T lymphocytes drops below 50/mm3. This results in necrotic retinitis which, if untreated, leads to complete loss of vision. With the introduction of HAART, we learned that the reconstitution of immune status was achieved as well as life expectancy, but there was a dramatic decline in the opportunistic infection, including CMV retinitis, as well. With the immune reconstitution, the inflammation develops in the eye, known as IRV. Sometimes, it is necessary to treat this condition, but in the case of our patients, the inflammation was mild, and no treatment was necessary.
Effects of continuous physical training on exercise tolerance and left ventricular myocardial function in patients with heart failure
Authors: Deljanin-Ilic Marina , Ilic Stevan , Stoickov Viktor
Published: July 2008

Introduction Physical training is an important method in the rehabilitation programme for cardiovascular patients. Nevertheless, some controversies about physical training in patients with heart failure still exist. Objective The aim of the study was to assess the effects of continuous physical training on exercise tolerance, ejection fraction and regional systolic and diastolic left ventricular (LV) myocardial function in patients with stable heart failure. Method The study involved 48 male patients with stable heart failure and LV ejection fraction ?35% determined by echocardiography. At the end of a two-week residential rehabilitation programme, the patients were divided in two groups. The group of 27 patients (T group) continued with regular physical training (4 to 5 times weekly) during 6 months, while 21 patients (K group) did not have regular physical training. In all patients, the exercise test and echocardiography studies were performed after residential rehabilitation and 6 months later. Regional myocardial function of LV was evaluated by the pulsed wave tissue Doppler imaging. Results After 6 months, an increase in exercise tolerance was more significant in T group. LV ejection fraction increased significantly (p<0.05) only in T group. After six months, in T group, regional systolic (p<0.01) and diastolic (p<0.005) myocardial function improved significantly, while in K group a significant improvement was seen only for regional diastolic function (p<0.05), and it was less than in T group. Conclusion The results of our study suggest that continuous physical training during the period of 6 months in patients with stable heart failure induced significant improvement of exercise tolerance, ejection fraction and regional systolic and diastolic LV myocardial function.
Relationship between degree of dyspnoea and health-related quality of life in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
Authors: Gvozdenovic Branislav , Mitic Sasa , Zugic Vladimir , Gvozdenovic Aleksandar , Lazovic Nada , Plavsic Slavica
Published: July 2008

Introduction Dyspnoea is a characteristic symptom of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), which impairs everyday functioning of patients. Objective The aim of our study was to evaluate the relationship between the degree of dyspnoea of COPD patients and their health-related quality of life. Method We measured the degree of dyspnoea and health-related quality of life in 85 COPD outpatients (46 male; mean age was 58 ? 12 years; mean forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1) was 47.9?18.6% predicted). The degree of dyspnoea was assessed by Baseline Dyspnoea Index (BDI), List of Daily Activities (DAL), Visual Analogue Scale (VAS), Modified MRC Dyspnoea Scale, and Borg Category Scale (BCS). The patients filled two standardized questionnaires for measuring health-related quality of life: the generic one - 15D, and the respiratory specific one - the St George?s Respiratory Questionnaire (SGRQ). Total 15D and SGRQ scores, as well as the scores for individual domains of SGRQ (symptoms, activity and impact scores) for each patient were calculated. In 40 out of 85 patients, the same procedure was repeated at the follow-up, with a mean 4-week interval between the visits. Results There were statistically highly significant correlations (p<0.01) between values of all dyspnoea scale scores evaluated and all the health-related quality of life scores. The highest degree of correlation of both total SGRQ and 15D scores was found for the values of BCS (r=0.731 and -0.776, respectively). A statistically significant correlation between the changes of all SGRQ (but not 15D) scores and all dyspnoea score changes (except for MRC) were also recorded. Conclusion The degree of dyspnoea of COPD outpatients that could be well-determined by the scales used in our study clearly reflects the impairment of their health-related quality of life as assessed by the instruments used. All of the questionnaires we used in this study have good measurement properties for their purposes.
The effect of medicamentous and non-medicamentous therapy on lowering risk factors for cardiovascular and cerebrovascular episodes in an interventional study
Authors: Lapcevic Mirjana , Vukovic Mira , Dimitrijevic Ivan , Kalezic Nevena , Ristic Jelena
Published: July 2008

Introduction In a chain of cardiovascular episodes, risk factors (RF) and bad habits represent the first link. Objective The purpose of the study was to determine, during six months, on four examinations (the first, and three follow-ups after the second, fourth and sixth month), the following: physical activity (PA) alteration and the number of cigarettes smoked; the effect of antihypertensive betablockers and ACE inhibitors on systolic and diastolic arterial tension; the effect of metmorfin therapy on BMI, glycaemia, total cholesterol level (TCL) and triglycerides in diabetics compared to healthy individuals; the effect of hypolipidaemics on blood TCL and triglycerides in patients with angina pectoris (AP); the effect of betablocker therapy on TCL. Method This was a multicentric interventional study. Secondary prevention of coronary disease and cerebrovascular conditions was applied in the first half of 2005. There were 185 general practitioners from 38 health centers in Serbia, and patients of both sexes were included with the verified diagnosis of coronary disease and/or cerebrovascular condition. They had demographic data verified as well as data of being genetically (non)predisposed for AP, hypertension, myocardial infarction, stroke and diabetes mellitus. Descriptive and differential statistical methods were used for study result analysis. Results Out of 1,189 patients, there were 51.4% of women and 48.6% of men. The average age was 59.45?9.77 years. The population was homogeneous by sex and the factor of being genetically (non)predisposed for AP. There was a significant difference in examinations in four contacts in PA and cigarette smoking (p<0.0001). Systolic and diastolic pressure, TCL and triglycerides were significantly decreased by medicaments (p<0.05) and more significantly so associated with nonmedicamentous measures (p<0.001). Metmorfin significantly decreased the glycaemic level (p<0.001) both in diabetics and patients with a reduced tolerance level to glucose. In patients who took betablockers, there was lowering of TCL. Conclusion Taking medicaments significantly lowers RF, and more significantly so when associated with a non-medicamentous therapy.
Transient neonatal pseudohypoparathyroidism
Authors: Jesic Maja , Jesic Milos , Sajic Silvija , Maglajlic Svjetlana , Tomanovic Mirjana , Necic Svetislav
Published: July 2008

Introduction Pseudohypoparathyroidism (PHP) is a heterogeneous group of diseases characterized by end organ unresponsiveness to parathormone (PTH), due to receptor or postreceptor defects. The characteristic biochemical disturbances include hypocalcaemia, hyperphosphataemia and high serum parathormone levels. Case outlineWe present a 17-day old male baby who was brought to our hospital because of seizures. He was found to have hypocalcaemia, hyperphosphataemia and an elevated serum level of parathyroid hormone. The diagnosis of PHP was based on the elevated serum level of PTH during hypocalcaemia and persistence of normocalcaemia after administering alphacalcidiol with oral calcium. After 4 months of therapy, with tapering of the oral calcium doses, the treatment was discontinued. During the following six months without therapy, the infant did not have seizures and the serum levels of calcium and phosphorus were normal, so we established the final diagnosis of transient neonatal pseudohypoparathyroidism. Conclusion At the time when the newborn was diagnosed to have PHP, there was no indication whether it was of a permanent or transient form. A considerably lower number of patients have a transitory form of PHP, which is then confirmed in the infant period by a gradual reduction and withdrawal of therapy, with sustaining serum calcium and PTH within normal limits.
Pulmonary sclerosing haemangioma: Case report
Authors: Stojsic Jelena , Milenkovic Branislava , Radojicic Jelena , Percinkovski Malina
Published: July 2008

Introduction Sclerosing haemangioma is a benign tumor, also known under the term "pneumocytoma". It is mostly notified in older females and is usually solitary. According to the histological appearance, sclerosing haemangioma could be: papillary, sclerotic, solid and haemorrhagic. Case outline A 68-year old female patient was radiologically diagnosed with coin lesion in the lower right lobe. Lower right lobectomy was performed after clinical investigations. In pulmonary parenchyma, there was found a well circumscribed node of up to 35 mm in maximal diameter. The tumor was histologically established as sclerosing haemangioma, containing two types of cells with the same immunophenotype. A multiple type of tumor was excluded by postoperative radiological examinations. Two years after surgery, the patient is without disease recurrence. Conclusion Sclerosing haemangioma should be considered in patients with radiologically diagnosed "coin-like" lesions of a solid as well as multiple type.
Photodynamic therapy of subfoveal choroidal neovascularization
Authors: Georgijevic Ana , Tomic Zoran
Published: July 2008

Introduction Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a method of treatment of choroidal neovascularization (CNV) with a diode laser used after intravenously administered verteporfin. Verteporfin is a light-activated drug initiating photochemical reactions in the target tissue. This leads to the selective occlusion of blood vessels in the CNV with no damage of photoreceptors, retinal pigment epithelium and retinal blood vessels. Objective To show the results of the treatment of predominantly classic subfoveal CNV with PDT with verteporfin used for the first time in our country. Method From 2003 to 2005, we treated 15 eyes in 15 patients using PDT and verteporfin, because of predominantly classic subfoveal CNV. If macular oedema was present as proved by fluorescein angiography, triamcinolone was administered intravitreally after PDT. Average follow-up period was 7 months (3 months to 2 years). Study design: retrospective, noncomparative, consecutive case series. Results Two thirds of patients had CNV due to AMD, while in others it was caused by pathologic myopia, chorioretinitis, angioid streaks, choroidal hemangioma, except for one patient who had idiopathic CNV. Visual acuity was stabile in 60% (9/15) of patients, of whom in 60% (6/10) of patients with AMD, as well as in patients with pathologic myopia, idiopathic CNV and choroidal hemangioma. Retreatment with PDT was indicated in 40% (6/15) and in 50% (5/10) of patients with AMD, mostly 4-6 months after first PDT, but was done only in one patient (economic reasons). In two patients with AMD, triamcinolone was administered intravitreally for 2-4 months, which resulted in the stabilization of visual acuity. Conclusion Visual acuity was stabile in 60% of all treated patients with predominantly classic subfoveal CNV after only one application of PDT with verteporfin during the average follow-up of 7 months (3 months to 2 years). Retreatment was indicated in 40% of the treated patients, and in 50% of patients with AMD. As confirmed, intravitreal administration of triamcinolone after PDT could stabilize visual acuity. Side effects were not noticed.
The influence of shine duration on glare in pseudophakic persons
Authors: Avramovic Sinisa , Vukosavljevic Miroslav
Published: July 2008

Introduction Glare can be defined as unpleasant sensation caused by a relatively strong source of light, which results in unpleasantness, discomfort and the lowering of optimal vision characteristics. It has been demonstrated that different factors influence the glare in pseudophakic subjects: opacity in vision media, the brightness of the pupil and the design of intraocular lenses. Objective The aim was to examine the influence of shine duration on glare in pseudophakic persons. Method We studied 152 eyes of 98 pseudophakic persons, aged from 50 to 70 years, with good vision acuity (0.8 and more) after final correction for far and near vision. The examination was conducted on the device Niktomat (Rodenstock Instrumente GMBH, Munchen-Hamburg) under the conditions of short and long shine. The source of light of 0.35 lux intensity, under the angle of 3 degrees, lightened the pupil for ten seconds in the first test, and continually in the second test. Results In the observed group, during a direct short tensecond shine, the sign on the screen with the contrast of 30% was seen by 140 eyes (92.1%), and in the control group the sign was seen by 88 eyes (97.8%). Under the direct continuous shine, normal findings were confirmed in 40 eyes (26.3%) of the observed group, and in 83 eyes (92.2%) of the control group. Conclusion In the observed pseudophakic persons, the duration of shine was found to be in correlation with glare.
Clinical characteristics, management and mortality in patients with acute coronary syndrome from 2002 to 2005: Report from the National registry of acute coronary syndrome in Serbia
Authors: Vasiljevic Zorana , Mickovski-Katalina Natasa , Panic Gordana , Krotin Mirjana , Putnikovic Biljana , Miljus Dragan , Stojanovic Bojan , Vojvodic Ana
Published: July 2008

Introduction Data regarding patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS) did not exist in Serbia until 2002. By establishing the National Registry for Acute Coronary Syndrome (NRACS), the data collection based on the filled-in "coronary questionnaire" for each patient hospitalized and diagnosed with acute infarction of the myocardium (AIM) and unstable angina pectoris (UAP) was initiated in Serbia. Objective The aim of the study was to analyze clinical characteristics, complications, applied reperfusion-thrombolytic treatment and standard therapy, and mortality rate of patients treated in coronary or intensive care units during the 2002, 2003, 2004 and 2005. Method We chose a "coronary protocol" with minimal set of the patient?s data that was filled-in by the attending physician. The collection of the data was initiated in July 2002. Results During four months of 2002, 4202 patients were treated for ACS; in 2003 12739 patents, in 2004 12351 patients and 12598 patients in 2005. AIM with ST elevation (STAIM), as related to AIM without ST elevation (NSTAIM), was more often encountered in Serbian population in comparison to other European countries: in 2002, it was registered among 52.3% of patients, in 2003 among 52.7%, in 2004 among 51.8%, and in 2005 among 50.7% of patients. The patients suffering from the ACS in Serbia were of younger age, with a significant prevalence of females, as compared to the data from the European countries. Thrombolytic therapy in STAIM was applied in only 24.5% of patients in 2002, which then rose by each year, to reach 36.4% of patients in 2005. At the same time, as expected, hospital mortality rate decreased: from 14.8% in 2002 to 8.2% in 2005. STAIM patients untreated by thrombolytic therapy had a considerably higher mortality rate: in 2002 it was 20.3%, in 2003 15.3%, in 2004 14.3%, and in 2005 13.8%. Total mortality rate in patients with STAIM gradually decreased from 19% in 2002 to 11.7% in 2005. Conclusion From 2002-2005, the patients treated for ACS in Serbia were younger, with higher prevalence of females, and with a higher incidence of STAIM in relation to NSTAIM. The administration of reperfusion therapy in STAIM patients has been increasing significantly, from 24.5% in 2002 to 36.4% in 2005, and was followed by a decrease in hospital mortality rate of 14.8% in 2002 to 8.2% in 2005. Overall mortality of STAIM patients treated with or without thrombolytic therapy gradually decreased from19% in 2002 to 11.7% in 2005.
Arias icterus: Prolonged unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia caused by breast milk
Authors: Mladenovic Marija , Radlovic Nedeljko , Ristic Dragana , Lekovic Zoran , Radlovic Petar , Pavlovic Momcilo , Gajic Milan , Puskarevic Marijana , Davidovic Ivana , Djurdjevic Jelena
Published: July 2008

Introduction Breast milk jaundice occurs in 1-2% of healthy breast-fed newborns and young infants. It develops as the result of liver immaturity and the inhibitory effect of mother?s milk to the clearance of unconjugated bilirubin. Objective The paper analyzes variations in the level and length of unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia in breast-fed infants. Method The study was conducted on a sample of 29 young infants (19 male) with breast milk jaundice. All infants were born on time, by natural delivery and without complications. All were on breast-feeding only and developed optimally. None of the infants had either haemolysis or any other disease associated with unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia. Results All infants had physiological jaundice in the first week after birth, with unconjugated bilirubin level of 166-260 ?mol (201.50?36.37 ?mol). In the postneonatal period the highest bilirubin level was recorded in the fifth week of life and was 87-273 ?mol (166.82?45.06 ?mol), which then spontaneously, without interruption of breast-feeding, gradually declined. The decrease of the unconjugated fraction of serum bilirubin between the fourth and fifth week was significant, and after that highly significant. The normalization of serum bilirubin occurred in the seventh and thirteenth week (10.41?1.68 ?mol). Negative consequences of hyperbilirubinemia were not noted in any of the infants. Conclusion Breast milk jaundice presents a harmless and transitory disorder of bilirubin metabolism. It occurs in healthy breast-fed neonates and young infants. Jaundice is most marked in early neonatal period, and then it gradually declines and disappears between the seventh and thirteenth week.
Hyperbaric oxygen therapy of angiopathic changes in patients with inherited gene imbalance
Authors: Brkic Predrag , Mitrovic Ana , Rakic Miodrag , Grajic Mirko , Jovanovic Tomislav
Published: July 2008

Introduction Phenotype match inherited by genes is in most cases present in monozygotic twins. Their phenotypic resemblance is unfortunately characterized by strong susceptibility for the development of chronic non-infectious diseases. One of the most common non-infectious chronic diseases that are phenotipically represented in twins is diabetes mellitus. Genetic imbalance is, in most cases, placed in 2, 3, 7, 8, 11, 12, 19 and 20 chromosomal pair of the human genome. CASE OUTLINE This study describes a pair of monozygotic twins, aged 54, who were diagnosed for diabetes type 2 ten years earlier. The first patient had trophic changes of muscles and skin tissues of the lower limb, and a necrotic wound on his right leg tibial region with the claudication distance of 50 m. After arteriography, he was referred by a vascular surgeon for hyperbaric oxygen therapy (HBO). HBO protocol implied 70 min. application of 100% oxygen at 2.5 absolute atmospheres. After the first series of HBO therapies consisting of 20 HBO treatments, claudication was eliminated and the necrotic wound healed. Next, surgical aortofemoral bypass was done. During the second HBO treatment, his monozygotic twin brother presented with angiopathic changes due to diabetes. In both patients, biochemical parameters corresponded to the expected level for diabetes type 2 imbalance, and the localization of the chromosomal defect (placed on 3, 11 and 19 chromosomal pair) was also in accordance with the respective disorder. After they were included into next 10 HBO treatments, Doppler imaging of the major arteries of limbs revealed normal findings. Conclusion Identical genetic impairment in monozygotic twins can lead to identical somatic changes with resultant consequences. HBO treatment of such patients associated with other therapeutic procedures (conducted by diabetologist, vascular surgeon and physiatrist) can postpone or prevent irreversible changes occurring due to blood vessel disorders.
Medicine for children: The European initiative in the regulation of new drugs and clinical studies
Authors: Zivkovic Zorica
Published: July 2008

Over the last two years, a special field named the "Medicine for Children" has been intensively developed. It is particularly significant for professionals, parents, but also for politicians and high-level officials of the European Union and its constitutive institutions: the European Health Commission and the European Council. The main idea is to make a drastic change in the attitude toward children, as the most vulnerable members of the society, namely to create the "Medicine for Children" instead of the "Medicine in Children". This short report presents the draft and ideas of the new European legislation on the application of drugs for children, performance of clinical studies in pediatric population and mandatory inclusion into the international network of scientific experts, clinical centers capable of performing studies and the already completed or ongoing clinical study registers.
Face identification by computerized superposition method: Methodology and two case reports
Authors: Takac Sandor , Nikolic Slobodan , Milosevic Miroslav
Published: July 2008

INTRODUCTION Skull-face photograph superposition is one of the methods of identification. Digitally recorded and stored within the computer, the images of the skull and face could be superimposed on the monitor. The method requires cooperation among the anthropologist, odontologist, forensic pathologist and the computer technician so as to avoid objective and subjective errors in the identification. CASE OUTLINES We present two cases of positive identification by superimposition. In the first case, it was a 65 year-old male with several brain operations, thus surgical skull bonetrepanations could be seen as the irregularities on the forehead, and were used as the antropological identificational figure. In the second case, it was an 83 year-old female, whose positive identification was made according a photograph taken at least 26 years before death. CONCLUSION Face identification by computerized superposition method is useful in all cases where both the skull and the photograph of the missing person are present, and where other methods of identification have failed due to multiple reasons.
Incidentally detected Castleman disease in a patient with allergic rhinosinu sitis
Authors: Stojsic Jelena , Krstic Svetlana , Subotic Dragan , Eminovic Tatjana , Radojicic Jelena
Published: July 2008

INTRODUCTION Castleman disease was for the first time described in 1956 as a mediastinal tumour mass. Etiology of this disease is still unknown. The disease can be solitary and multicentric or rarely of a mixed type. The former is often of hyaline vascular type, while the latter is of plasma cell type. CASE REPORT Castleman disease was diagnosed in a 26-year old male patient when a well defined shadow was incidentally detected in the middle lobe of the right lung. A year before, he was diagnosed with allergic rhinitis to Ambrosia. Two years after surgery the patient was feeling well, and was without any recurrence, however, allergic rhinitis still persisted. CONCLUSION Castleman disease can occur in any organ containing lymph tissues. Most frequently the disease is described as mediastinal, rarely as an intrapulmonary tumorous mass, and it is most frequently seen in younger persons. The solitary type of Castleman disease is surgical treatable with a prospect of good prognosis, while the multicentric and mixed types recur despite treatment with cortisone, irradiation and cytostatics. As the association between Castleman disease and allergic diseases has not been confirmed up-tonow, it could be concluded that this patient suffered from two separated diseases.
Attitudes of the ethnic elites members in Vojvodina to minority rights and to interethnic relations
Authors: Ilic Vladimir
Published: July 2008

A survey was done with 100 distinguished members of cultural and media elite members. The results showed that ethnic elites in Vojvodina had better economic position than ordinary citizens, but that one ninth of them was poor. On inter-personal level they are very open towards the members of other ethnic groups. As for the attitudes, ethnic elites members differed from ordinary citizens mostly by strongly supporting market economy and liberal concept of development. They couldn't differentiate clearly between individual and collective rights. This was understandable since in multi-ethnic surrounding where Serbian ethnic nationalism still prevailed individual rights were to the great extent determined by ethnic origin. Minority ethnic communities elites had clearer understanding of this fact because their ethnic groups paid higher price in such circumstances. Members of least numerous ethnic groups mostly favored individual over collective rights, major cause for this being probably their fear from Serbian-Hungarian deal at the expense of third party. Yet, this survey's findings regarding this topic were substantially better than any before, since the awareness of need for collective rights to be recognized grew in all ethnic groups, including Serbs.
Recent approaches in studying leadership in organizations
Authors: Mojic Dusan
Published: July 2008

Most influential recent approaches in studying organizational leadership were discussed in this article. Special attention is given to theories of transactional/transformational and charismatic leadership, having in mind their importance and wide presence in contemporary study of leadership in organizations. Other recent approaches such as visionary leadership, empowerment, team leadership etc. were also presented. Finally, an interesting view that leadership is sometimes irrelevant is discussed through an analysis of main standing points of theory about substitutes for leadership.
Transition and modernization
Authors: Kristofic Branimir
Published: July 2008

The fall of the communist orders introduced a problem of the development of these societies and initiated a new wave of modernization theories. At the same time, the ideological proclamation of the victory of neo-liberalism resulted in the inauguration of the neo-liberal development model as the mode of modernization that will include the post-communist countries in the process of globalization. In this context, the World Bank study of the ten-year development of the transitional countries has been analyzed. With the example of Slovenia, as the economically most successful transitional country, it is shown that the study encounters the problem of constructing a general model of the development, which could be applied to all transitional countries. Additionally, it is shown that the World Bank model, as well as classic modernization theories, cannot predict how certain country will react to economic reform. Therefore, an issue of reform support arises as a significant one. Controversy of the neo-liberal modernization model indicates a need for articulating alternative modes of development.
Technological development as important condition of international competitiveness
Authors: Radonjic Ognjen
Published: July 2008

Successful industrialization and economic growth in general, require that developing countries use scarce resources in most productive way. It is evident that developing countries lag behind in processes of technological development and at the same time face problems of how best to bridge the technology gap. The best solution is to rely on inflows of foreign technology, as well as reinforcement of domestic research and development base. Despite usual structural and neoclassical assumption that technology diffuses freely, important condition for efficient technology absorption is developing, not only adaptive, but also developmental technological capabilities. Also, productive research and development activities can not take place without an adequate stock of human capital.
The prison's double bottom
Authors: Krstic Zeljko
Published: July 2008

People well acquainted with prisons often wonder what is it that prevents the existence of peaceful prisons, or in other words, is it possible to provide a peaceful serving of one's time to those inmates who wish so. Another related issue is whether such a model of the prison may be designed that will enable the staff, primarily the experts-educators, to work normally. In an ideal-typical prison system everyone should do their job. The jailers should engage in daily supervision of the inmates and take care of their security, while the educators, far less numerous, should concentrate on the resocialization of the inmates. Together with craftsmen-instructors in the workshops, jailers and educators should exert a unified educational influence synchronized by the prison management. In practice, however, such unified educational influence does not exist. Peaceful prison is impossible to establish in practice, since it suits neither the inmates nor the management. Both sides favor compromise or status quo, because they profit from it.
Organizational culture measurement: A component approach
Authors: Cukic Branislav , Kurbalija Dragan , Kosanovic Branislav
Published: July 2008

As a part of wide research of reintegration of human resources of economy in transition, a new method of identification and measurement of components of organizational culture was shown in this study. Beside usual organizational parameters, in identification of cultural patterns of organizational behavior included were: a perception of employee roles, the role of a director, the locus of control, and subjects' interests. Such an approach is taking into consideration the fact that different components are not at the same general level and depth in organizational culture, and consequently not equally prone to changes. In this research, the sample consisted of 880 employees in six different working organizations from different towns of Yugoslavia. The research was done during 2002. Five special instruments have been developed to meet the outlined conceptualization of the components of organizational culture. Hierarchical factor analysis derived 13 relatively independent components of organizational culture.
Sociological establishment of 'normative facts'
Authors: Vukicevic Slobodan
Published: July 2008

Every science is searching for 'it's facts', it's concept and categorical decree, and by this defines specific subject of it's science researching. Here, the researching is steered on identification of ontological contents of 'normative fact' in the aim of comprehension of it's categorical entity and conceptual disposition.'The normative fact' refers to importance, significance and sense which norm has, in other words, which is attributed to the norm by man and society, and which in the air of importance influence on it's behavior. Exclusive term of sociological science is 'normative fact' as behavior of an individual, groups, institutions and society with regard to establishment, application and changes of social norms.
Socio-cultural anthropology today
Authors: Boskovic Aleksandar
Published: July 2008

The article presents a history of the development of theoretical perspectives within the social and cultural anthropology from the early 20th century. Beginning with functionalism and structural functionalism, the author traces the influences of structuralism, Marxism, interpretivism, gender, cultural and post-colonial studies, concluding with a set of five themes characteristic for the contemporary anthropological research.