bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Versatile Quantum State Generation and Manipulation in a Programmable Silicon-Photonic 4-Qubit System with High-Fidelity and Purity
Authors: Lee Jong-Moo , Bang Jeongho , Park Jiho , Sohn Youngik , Baldazzi Alessio , Sanna Matteo , Azzini Stefano , Pavesi Lorenzo
Published: December 2023

We present a programmable Silicon Photonic 4-qubit integrated circuit for the generation and manipulation of diverse quantum states. The Silicon Photonic chip integrates photon-pair sources, pump-removing filters, wavelength-division-multiplexing (WDM) filters, Mach-Zehnder Interferometer (MZI) switches, and single-qubit arbitrary gates, enabling versatile state preparation and tomography.
We measure Hong-Ou-Mandel (HOM) interference with an impressive 98% visibility using 4-photon coincidence, laying the foundation for high-purity qubits. Our analysis involves estimating the fidelity and purity of distinct quantum states through maximum-likelihood estimation (MLE) applied to tomographic measurements. In our experimental results, we showcase the following achievements: a heralded single qubit achieving 98.2% fidelity and 98.3% purity, a Bell state reaching 95.2% fidelity and 94.8% purity, and a 4-qubit system with two simultaneous Bell states exhibiting 87.4% fidelity and 84.6% purity. Finally, a 4-qubit Greenberger–Horne–Zeilinger (GHZ) state demonstrates 85.4 % fidelity and 81.7% purity. Additionally, we certify the entanglement of the 4-photon GHZ state through Bell's inequality violations and a negative entanglement witness.
Highly sensitive Surface Plasmon Resonance for Biosensor employing MXene and perovskite Heterostructure
Authors: Han Lei , Xu Wentao , Liu Tao , Hassan Ali , Jin Min , Xue Zhenhua , Zhang Yongzhi , Wang Fuxiang , Gu Haojie
Published: December 2023

Cancer has become the most serious disease in the world, and achieving rapid and accurate detection has become the focus of research. In this paper, the novel surface plasmon resonance (SPR)-based biosensor cancer cells (Jurkat/PC12/HeLa) is presented. The biosensor is based on a hybrid structure of two-dimensional (2D) material with MXene (Ti3C2Tx) and perovskite (MAPbBr3). The Blood (Jurkat), Adrenal Glands (PC12), Cervical (HeLa) cancer cells through the multilayer Ag-ITO thin film caused by the change of reflectivity, so as to calculate the sensitivity and figure of merit (FOM) value. The simulation analysis shows that PC12 has the highest sensitivity in SPR biosensor. When the Ag, ITO and MAPbBr3 are 52 nm, 5 nm, and monolayer, the minimum sensitivity of SPR biosensor is 288.79 °/RIU and by PC12. Compared with the Ag film of traditional SPR biosensors, the PC12 sensitivity of the hybrid structure is increased by 1.89 times. In terms of disease diagnosis, the sensitivity and accuracy of SPR biosensors have been greatly improved, providing a basis for early diagnosis and treatment of diseases. In addition, SPR biosensor hardware provides theoretical support.
From Shadows to Spotlight: Exploring the Escalating Burden of Alcohol-Associated Liver Disease and Alcohol Use Disorder in Young Women
Authors: Danpanichkul Pojsakorn , Ng Cheng Han , Muthiah Mark , Suparan Kanokphong , Tan Darren Jun Hao , Duangsonk Kwanjit , Sukphutanan Banthoon , Kongarin Siwanart , Harinwan Nateeluck , Panpradist Nuttada , Takahashi Hirokazu , Kawaguchi Takumi , Vichitkunakorn Polathep , Chaiyakunapruk Nathorn , Nathisuwan Surakit , Huang Daniel , Arab Juan Pablo , Noureddin Mazen , Mellinger Jessica Leigh , Wijarnpreecha Karn
Published: December 2023

INTRODUCTION:

The burden of alcohol-related complications is considerable, particularly alcohol-associated liver disease and alcohol use disorder (AUD). However, there are deficiencies in comprehensive epidemiological research focusing on these issues, especially among young women who display higher susceptibility to such complications compared with their male counterparts. We thus aimed to determine the global burden of these conditions in this vulnerable group.

METHODS:

Leveraging data from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019, we analyzed the prevalence, mortality, and disability-adjusted life years of alcohol-associated cirrhosis (AC), liver cancer from alcohol, and AUD in young women. The findings were categorized by region, nation, and sociodemographic index.

RESULTS:

The highest age-standardized prevalence rates were observed in AUD (895.96 [95% uncertainty interval (UI) 722.6–1,103.58]), followed by AC (65.33 [95% UI 48.37–86.49]) and liver cancer from alcohol (0.13 [95% UI 0.09–0.19]) per 100,000 people. The highest age-standardized mortality rates were observed in AC (0.75 [95% UI 0.55–0.97]), followed by AUD (0.48 [95% UI 0.43–0.53]) and liver cancer from alcohol (0.06 [95% UI 0.04–0.09]). The highest burdens of AC and AUD were observed in Central Europe, whereas the high-income Asia Pacific had the highest burden of liver cancer from alcohol.

DISCUSSION:

Throughout the past decade, the trend of AUD varied among regions while the impact of alcohol-associated liver disease has increased, requiring urgent public health strategy to mitigate these complications, particularly in female patients in Europe and the Asia-Pacific region.
Artificial Intelligence–Assisted Colonoscopy in Real-World Clinical Practice: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Wei Mike Tzuhen , Fay Shmuel , Yung Diana , Ladabaum Uri , Kopylov Uri
Published: December 2023

INTRODUCTION:

Artificial intelligence (AI) could minimize the operator-dependent variation in colonoscopy quality. Computer-aided detection (CADe) has improved adenoma detection rate (ADR) and adenomas per colonoscopy (APC) in randomized controlled trials. There is a need to assess the impact of CADe in real-world settings.

METHODS:

We searched MEDLINE, EMBASE, and Web of Science for nonrandomized real-world studies of CADe in colonoscopy. Random-effects meta-analyses were performed to examine the effect of CADe on ADR and APC. The study is registered under PROSPERO (CRD42023424037). There was no funding for this study.

RESULTS:

Twelve of 1,314 studies met inclusion criteria. Overall, ADR was statistically significantly higher with vs without CADe (36.3% vs 35.8%, risk ratio [RR] 1.13, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.01–1.28). This difference remained significant in subgroup analyses evaluating 6 prospective (37.3% vs 35.2%, RR 1.15, 95% CI 1.01–1.32) but not 6 retrospective (35.7% vs 36.2%, RR 1.12, 95% CI 0.92–1.36) studies. Among 6 studies with APC data, APC rate ratio with vs without CADe was 1.12 (95% CI 0.95–1.33). In 4 studies with GI Genius (Medtronic), there was no difference in ADR with vs without CADe (RR 0.96, 95% CI 0.85–1.07).

DISCUSSION:

ADR, but not APC, was slightly higher with vs without CADe among all available real-world studies. This difference was attributed to the results of prospective but not retrospective studies. The discrepancies between these findings and those of randomized controlled trials call for future research on the true impact of current AI technology on colonoscopy quality and the subtleties of human-AI interactions.
Panel Paintings Inspection Analysis Using Active Thermography in the Mid-Wave and Long-Wave Infrared Region
Authors:   Telops, avenue St.-Jean-Baptiste, Québec, Tombet Stephane , Guyot Eric
Published: December 2023

Active thermography was used for characterisation of multi-layered paintings panel structures and analysis of defects caused by aging and environmental effects. Pulsed Thermography setup was applied to provide and inspect a dynamic thermal response, which was recorded by mid- and long wavelength infrared TELOPS cameras. Control, synchronization and data analyses were provided by Professional software (DisplayImg 7). Active thermography was demonstrated as being appropriate for characterization of various defects on painting layers and detection of under-drawings, pentimenti and canvas. Such multispectral approach provided simultaneous complementary information on the specimen under inspection.
Evaluation of Optical Fiber Macrobendings in Temperature Sensor Dedicated for Power Transformer Monitoring
Authors:   Politechnika Łódzka, Guzowski Bartłomiej , Łakomski Mateusz , Shatarah Iyad
Published: December 2023

Optical fiber sensing techniques are recognized as very promising in diagnostic and condition monitoring of power transformers. According to the IEC standard 60076-2, the winding hot-spot temperature can be designated with the optical fiber sensor. In this paper, the investigation of the influence of macrobending of the optical fiber temperature sensor on the sensing performance is presented. The obtained results prove that the optical fiber sensor wrapped six times around the 14 mm cylinder still provides temperature sensing abilities.
The Numerical Analysis of the Elementary, Fractional Order, Interval Transfer Function
Authors:   AGH Akademia Górniczo-Hutnicza, Kraków, Oprzędkiewicz Krzysztof
Published: December 2023

In the paper the analysis of the impact of the interval uncertainty of parameters on the behaviour of the elementary Fractional Order (FO) transfer function is investigated. The fractional order and quasi time constant are defined as intervals describing deviation from nominal values. Such an analysis has not be considered yet. The proposed elementary, interval model can be applied in modeling of different, uncertain-parameters elements and physical phenomena. For the considered transfer function the methodology of its numerical analysis is proposed and illustrated by simulations. Results of numerical tests point that the best robustness of the model is achieved for relatively lower values of its parameters.
Measurement of High-Frequency Sub-Noise Temperature Signal and RMS Current Using a Single-Detector High-Speed IR System
Authors:   Politechnika Łódzka, Torzyk Błażej , Więcek Bogusław
Published: December 2023

NETD (Noise Equivalent Temperature Difference) parameter of infrared systems is the important parameter that allows determining the limit of temperature measurement of tested objects. Currently, the commercially available devices have the NETD < 20 mK. The infrared (IR) detectors and accompanying electronic circuits generate noise. In consequence, it is difficult to achieve the high level of signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) while measuring temperature. This paper presents a method of measuring the root mean square (RMS) value of alternating current, using a single-detector high-speed IR system for detecting 100 Hz harmonic spectral component of temperature, whose value is certainly below NETD limit.
Studies of the Effect of Electromagnetic Radiation on Biosensor Matrix Components
Authors:   Uniwersytet Bielsko-Bialski, Bielsko-Biała, Kłos-Witkowska Aleksandra , Martsenyuk Vasyl
Published: December 2023

W pracy za pomocą zmian przewodności zbadano zmiany konformacyjne proteiny BSA oraz jej kompleksów (BSA-Au oraz BSA-NAA) pod wpływem promieniowania UV oraz MF aplikowanego frakcyjnie w dawkach (3 × 10 min oraz 6 × 10 min) oraz w sposób ciągły (30 min, 60 min). Wykonano analizę porównawczą wpływu promieniowania UV i mikrofalowego w dawkach ciągłych i frakcyjnych na BSA, BSA-Au, BSA-NAA oraz przeanalizowano czułość na pole elektromagnetyczne z zakresu UV i MF dla badanych substancji. Udowodniono efekt przyspieszonych zmian konformacyjnych pod wpływem pola elektromagnetycznego z zakresu UV i MF. Wykazano wpływ czynników na stabilność BSA i jej kompleksów zależny od: rodzaju czynnika, sposobu jego aplikacji oraz czasu ekspozycji. Najbardziej czuły na pole elektromagnetyczne okazał się kompleks BSA-Au.
The Measurement Method of a Piston Fall Rate
Authors:   Główny Urząd Miar, Warszawa, Brzozowski Adam ,   Sieć Badawcza Łukasiewicz - Przemysłowy Instytut Automatyki i Pomiarów PIAP,   Politechnika Warszawska, Szewczyk Roman , Gazda Piotr , Nowicki Michał
Published: December 2023

The accurate determination of the piston fall rate is one of critical parameters in dead weight testers and piston gauges, as it confirms a quality of machining, instrument accuracy class, and long-term stability. This study introduces a method for determining piston fall rate using two triangulating laser distance sensors. This approach offers versatile applicability, in high-precision standards as well as in regular-class instruments, and is robust in accommodating variations in measurement ranges, pressure transmitting mediums, materials of weights, and weight diameters. The method utilizes two laser sensors symmetrically positioned under the primary weight of the piston pressure gauge, allowing for seamless measurements without the need for sensor adjustments. The data collected from these sensors are processed to calculate the average displacement of the primary weight. The method’s effectiveness is demonstrated with high linearity and precision in determining the piston weight fall rate. This approach can lead to improvements in fluid dynamics analysis and metrology of precise pressure balances. The method’s advantages include error mitigation and reduced operator intervention, making it highly suitable for applications requiring accurate piston descent velocity measurements, particularly in older measuring instruments. The establishment of a reference dataset can enhance the accuracy of periodic examinations of piston-cylinder assemblies, thereby reducing costs and improving measurement quality.
Control of an Autonomous Unmanned Aerial Vehicle Using Reinforcement Learning
Authors:   AGH Akademia Górniczo-Hutnicza, Kraków, Miera Paweł , Szolc Hubert , Kryjak Tomasz
Published: December 2023

Reinforcement learning is of increasing importance in the field of robot control and simulation plays a key role in this process. In the unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs, drones), there is also an increase in the number of published scientific papers involving this approach. In this work, an autonomous drone control system was prepared to fly forward (according to its coordinates system) and pass the trees encountered in the forest based on the data from a rotating LiDAR sensor. The Proximal Policy Optimization (PPO) algorithm, an example of reinforcement learning (RL), was used to prepare it. A custom simulator in the Python language was developed for this purpose. The Gazebo environment, integrated with the Robot Operating System (ROS), was also used to test the resulting control algorithm. Finally, the prepared solution was implemented in the Nvidia Jetson Nano eGPU and verified in the real tests scenarios. During them, the drone successfully completed the set task and was able to repeatable avoid trees and fly through the forest.
Effect of T ect of Triple Antibiotic P riple Antibiotic Paste, Double Antibiotic P aste, Double Antibiotic Paste, and aste, and Calcium Hy Calcium Hydroxide on Antibiotic Resistance of T xide on Antibiotic Resistance of Tet Repr et Repressor Proteins, T oteins, Tetracycline Resistance Gene W cline Resistance Gene W, and T , and Tetracycline Resistance Gene Q: A Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial
Authors:   Department of Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Atatürk University, Erzurum, Turkiye, dtertu@windowslive.com, Karataş Ertuğrul , Kırmızıbekmez Özgen ,   Department of Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Atatürk University, Erzurum, Turkiye, ozggen@hotmail.com, Özkan Baltacı Mustafa ,   Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Science, Ataturk University, Erzurum, Turkiye, ozkanbaltaci@atauni.edu.tr
Published: December 2023

Objective: To investigate the effect of the use of Calcium Hydroxide (Ca(OH)2 ), Triple Antibiotic Paste (TAP), and Double Antibiotic Paste (DAP) as intra-canal medicaments on the development of antibiotic resistance by evaluating tetracycline genes. Methods: Forty five patients were randomly assigned into 3 groups according to the intracanal medication using a web program (www.randomizer.org), (Ca(OH)2 , TAP and DAP). Root canal bacteriological samples were collected before root canal treatment (S1) and after chemo-mechanical procedures (S2). Following root canal shaping procedures, intra-canal medication of the root canals was performed with selected intra-canal medicament. A second appointment was planned for the patients 15 days later. At the second appointment, the medication was removed mechanically and after irrigation of the root canals, the post medication samples (S3) were collected. Bacteriological samples were then investigated for bacterial counts and antibioticresistant genes [Tet Repressor proteins (TetR), Tetracycline resistance gene W (TetW) and Tetracycline resistance gene Q (TetQ)] using polymerase chain reaction (PCR), and the data were statistically analyzed. The Friedman, Kruskall-Wallis and chi-square tests were used. These genes were selected as the difference between TAP and DAP is that TAP contains tetracycline and tetracycline resistance is governed by tet genes. Results: There was no statistically significant difference among the samples (S1, S2, and S3) in terms of the number of root canals positive for antibiotic resistance genes in both the Ca(OH)2 and DAP groups. However, the number of root canals positive for TetR gene increased significantly (6 [40%] to 12 [86%]) following intra-canal medication with TAP. Conclusion: It can be concluded that 15 of days intra-canal medication with TAP causes tetracycline resistance. In contrast, DAP does not cause tetracycline resistance and it has similar antibacterial effectiveness to TAP. The DAP would be the choice of medicament rather than TAP in clinical practice.
Evaluation of Morphologic and Morphometric Characteristics of the Mental Foramen and Anterior Loop in a Turkish Subpopulation Using Cone Beam Computed Tomography
Authors:   Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology, Faculty of Dentistry, Biruni University, İstanbul, Turkiye, dt.fbusradogan@gmail.com, Büşra Doğan Fatma , Akgünlü Faruk ,   Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology, Faculty of Dentistry, Selçuk University, Konya, Turkiye
Published: December 2023

Objective: Before a surgical intervention in the mandibular interforaminal area, it is important to have a full understanding of the anatomy of the mandibular anterior segment. The evaluation of anatomical structures, variations and pathologies is performed with radiological imaging methods. Today, cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) is an imaging method which offers all the features necessary for this. In addition to its importance in surgical applications, it is also valuable in terms of anatomical studies thanks to the reliability of its measurements and the fact that it allows for a three-dimensional evaluation. The mental foramen and anterior loop are some of the most significant anatomical structures in the lower jaw. The aim of this study was to determine the characteristics of mental foramen according to age and gender in a Turkish population and to evaluate anterior loop length and the frequency of anterior loop. Methods: In this retrospective study, CBCT images from 148 patients (89 females and 59 males) were examined. Images of the mental foramen and interforaminal area of patients who were over 18 years of age were included in the study, while images with mandibular pathology and without occlusal closure to at least premolar teeth were excluded. Linear measurements of the mental foramen were repeated three weeks later by the same observer. Descriptive statistics (mean, standard deviation) and the Kolmogorov-Smirnov, Kruskal-Wallis, Mann-Whitney U, ANOVA tests and the t-test were used to evaluate the data. Results: The morphological and morphometric features of the mental foramen, which is a characteristic structure in mandibular bone, were determined. No statistically significant difference was found between the age groups in the morphometric characteristics of the mental foramen, but a statistically significant difference was found according to gender. The most frequently detected oval shape and P3, and P4 positions were similar to the other studies conducted in Turkish populations. The prevalence of anterior loop was 58%. Conclusion: Detailed preliminary analysis focusing on anesthesia and surgical interventions is important in order to avoid possible complications
Intellectual Capital Valuation of DSE-Listed Non-financial Companies in Bangladesh
Authors: Rana Md. Sohel , Hossain Syed Zabid
Published: December 2023

Intellectual capital (IC) is an organization's vital resource that helps the firm survive by confirming competitive edges. However, the valuation of IC resources is a challenging task. IC valuation is essential to employ the knowledge resource efficiently. Hence, the study aims to evaluate the IC resources of non-financial companies in Bangladesh and compare the IC performance between manufacturing and service firms. The study also explores the year-wise trend study and industry-based IC performance study. Data have been collected from secondary sources from 69 DSE-listed non-financial companies in Bangladesh from 2017 to 2021, comprising 345 company-year observations. The Modified Value Added Intellectual Coefficient (MVAIC) methodology has been adopted to reflect IC value. Independent Sample t-tests and graph and chart analyses have been performed to fulfill the study objectives. Results have shown that human capital is the primary driver of IC resources, and it dominates Intellectual Capital Efficiency (ICE) and then the overall IC efficiency (MVAIC) score. Human and structural resources utilized by Bangladeshi companies are better than those of relational and tangible capital. Service companies have better handled human and structural resources, but manufacturing companies have better used relational and employed capital. Research has also observed a declining trend of IC resources of the sampled companies. Telecommunication, Fuel and power, and Textile industries have better used IC resources. However, the tannery industry still needs to do so. The research contributes to resources-based theory by confirming the value of invisible resources, which supports business executives, policy-makers, managers, and potential and existing investors to make the right decisions. Further research may be conducted using an extended sample size, comparing financial and non-financial sectors or comparing among industries or valuation techniques like EVA, KCE, and CIV.
Gayralia brasiliensis Pellizzari M.C. Oliveira et N.S. Yokoya (Gayraliaceae Ulotrichales): a new record for Indian waters based on morphological and molecular analysis
Authors: Kavale Monica Gajanan , Kazi Mudassar Anisoddin , Udata Kanchan
Published: December 2023

Gayralia brasiliensis Pellizzari, M.C. Oliveira et N.S. Yokoya (Gayraliaceae Ulotrichales), a new record for Indian waters, is described based on morphological, anatomical, and molecular characterization. Gayralia brasiliensis was growing luxuriantly towards the upper limit of the intertidal zone at Shirgaon Creek, Maharashtra, west coast of India. The thalli were pale green in color, growing mat-like on muddy substrata. Juvenile thalli were attached to pneumatophores of mangroves, and barnacles, as well as on polyethylene sheets through a rhizoidal disc. The molecular characterization verifies the presence of G. brasiliensis in western India. We observed overlapping morphological traits between G. brasiliensis and G. oxysperma. However, the ITS sequence showed 100 % similarity with no nucleotide divergence to Brazilian G. brasiliensis. The phylogenetic analysis based on ITS rDNA sequence showed that G. brasiliensis from Shirgaon Creek forms a sister lineage to G. oxysperma.
Numerical simulation into influence of airflow channel quantities on melt-blowing airflow field in processing of polymer fiber
Authors: Guo Dongjun , Zhu Zhisong , Yuan Jie
Published: December 2023

To obtain better airflow field characteristics of melt-blowing and acquire slender melt-blowing fiber, a new die with multi-channel of melt-blowing airflow was designed. The airflow field under the spinneret hole of the melt-blowing die was simulated and analyzed using computational fluid dynamics method, and distribution rules of the ordinary die and the new die on the airflow field along the spinning centerline were compared and discussed. The melt-blowing fiber diameter distribution for the ordinary die and the new die was numerically calculated using a stretching model of the melt-blowing fiber. In contrast with an ordinary die, the new melt-blowing die enhances the average speed in main stretching zone by 89.8% and increases the peak speed by 50.4%. The higher airflow temperature of new die improves the softening degree and melting fluidity of the polymer. Meanwhile, the smaller turbulence intensity and the reverse speed of the new die make airflow more stable and reduce disturbance and adhesion of the fiber, and a larger pressure difference and a peak pressure can accelerate the refinement and attenuation of the fiber. The new melt-blowing die with airflow multi-channel is conducive to extension, which is a better choice in the manufacturing process of nonwoven melt-blowing fibers.
When are Identities Politically Consequential? Identifying Conditions of Descriptive, Substantive, and Allied Group Identity
Authors: Bishin Benjamin G. , Muttram Harry G.
Published: December 2023

Identity is among of the most common explanations for political outcomes. Despite this, studies of politics often fail to clearly conceptualize or define identity, leading to tremendous variation in the use and application of the concept, much of which is at odds with fundamental tenets of research on the topic. Decades of research in psychology, sociology, and political psychology inform a family of related theories referred to as “Social Identity Theory” (SIT) which demonstrates that identity requires three conditions in order to affect attitudes and behavior: cognitive classification, psychological attachment to the group, and a social context that causes a group identity to become salient. In this paper, we build on these conditions to develop a typology to help identify when and for whom identity should be politically consequential. Using national election data from 2012, 2016 and 2020 we show that failing to differentiate between these concepts, particularly what we call Descriptive and Substantive identity, can lead to mistaken inferences about the behavior of identity groups in politics. Applying insights from SIT also promises to help advance an improved understanding of questions of race, representation, and intersectionality.
Dynamic analysis of MSE wall subjected to surface vibration loading
Authors: Langcuyan Christine P. , Sadiq Shamsher , Park Tae-Woong , Won Myoung-Soo
Published: December 2023

Extensively used Mechanically Stabilized Earth (MSE) walls in Rail Transportation System (RTS) are vulnerable to surface vibrations generated by moving vehicles. Hence, it is necessary to consider the effects of surface vibrations during the design of MSE walls for RTS. Steel-reinforced panel-type MSE walls are shown to perform well during vibration loading, but costly steel materials have led to greater reliance on affordable and readily available geosynthetics for reinforcement. Limited research exists on the behavior of panel-type MSE walls with geosynthetics considering RTS-induced vibrations frequencies. Thus, this study employs Finite Element software PLAXIS 3D to simulate the impact of surface vibration frequencies on panel-type MSE walls. The qualitative study encompasses two reinforcement cases (geogrids and steel strips) of 4 m MSE wall height and four harmonic loading frequencies representing RTS-induced surface vibrations for simulation. The dynamic responses of MSE wall are presented in terms of lateral wall displacements and lateral earth pressure distributions. Furthermore, the distributions of tensile strain and the identification of potential slip surface locations are presented. The findings indicated that MSE wall and reinforcement responses are governed by RTS-induced vibrations and fundamental frequency of backfill soil. This highlights the need for consideration of both the fundamental frequency of the backfill soil and RTS-induced vibrations in the design of MSE walls.
Characterization of the bark of Protium tenuifolium Engl. from the Amazonian biome as a source of natural antioxidants
Authors: de Jesus dos Santos Laise , da Silva Araujo Elesandra , Lorenço Mário Sérgio , Rosário Bianca Bueno , Vieira Sabrina Benmuyal , Sales Agust , Siviero Marco Antonio , Eduardo de Lima Melo Luiz , da Silva Mota Graciene , Campolina Gabriela Aguiar , Mori Fabio Akira
Published: December 2023

The bark anatomy was analysed, as was the overall chemical composition (extractives, lignin, suberin, ash and polysaccharides), and a quantitative elemental analysis was performed of the bark and two tannin extracts (extracted with water only and with a mixture of water and Na2SO3). The phenolic composition and antioxidant activity of the bark extracts were quantified. The results indicated that the bark is composed of conductive phloem, nonconductive phloem, rhytidome, crystals and secretory cells. The average chemical composition was 15.9 % extractives, 35.3 % total lignin, 1.9 % suberin, 15.4 % ash and 31.5 % polysaccharides. The condensed tannin yield in the extract obtained with water alone was 5.1 %, and that in the treatment with water and Na2SO3 was 8.1 %. The ethanol-water extract had a high phenolic content (112.6 mg GAE g−1 extract). The bark extract showed strong antioxidant activity, reaching 83.5 % inhibition of DPPH free radicals, which was higher than the value of 75.0 % for the commercial antioxidant BHT at the same concentration. These results demonstrate that Protium tenuifolium is a potential natural Amazonian source of phenolic compounds and antioxidants and can be used for medicinal purposes and the production of various sustainable products, such as cosmetics.
The impact of site on tree form, wood properties, and lumber quality of plantation-grown Pinus patula
Authors: van der Merwe Jaco-Pierre , Bacher Martin , Madiope Sechaba , Ncongwane Thandekile , Ngomane Robert , Spogter Olwethu , Kuisis Hilton , Potgieter Jaco , Tait Oscar , Clarke Charlie , Cool Julie , Avramidis Stavros , Ellis Simon , Mansfield Shawn D.
Published: December 2023

South Africa is a water scarce country with minimal natural forests. Plantation forest species such as the Mexican tropical hard pine, Pinus patula Schiede & Deppe ex Schltdl. & Cham., was introduced into the country to satisfy local fibre demand. Today, the majority of pine plantations in South Africa are found in the Mpumalanga province. The province has diverse growing conditions in relation to climate and soil properties. Sample plots were established in even-aged P. patula plantations and stratified according to soil parent material and altitude. Growing conditions of each sample plot were characterised according to climate and soil properties. A total of 540 sample trees were measured for height, diameter, density, and latewood content. The sample trees were harvested to produce 2690 logs. The logs were milled, and the resultant lumber was graded according to density, dynamic modulus of elasticity, and modulus of rupture. Annual maximum temperature had the most significant impact on tree growth, while rainfall correlated with wood density and latewood content of standing trees. However, annual maximum temperature and tree height had a negative relationship with the recovered lumber properties and dimensional stability. Spring rainfall appeared to be the most important factor influencing lumber twist and this was possibly due to the associated larger juvenile core present in the trees.
Hardenability of PM Steel Alloyed Using Tailored Master Alloys
Authors: Geroldinger S. , Teissedre L. , de Oro Calderon R. , Gierl-Mayer C. , Danninger H.
Published: December 2023

The ferrous powder metallurgy industry is facing major upheavals currently, which, however, also offer opportunities. New materials and concepts, made possible by tailored design, are a way to prepare for new challenges. Alloying of PM steel through the master alloy route is a concept that combines efficient usage of alloying elements, also of such with high oxygen affinity, with accelerated homogenization via liquid phase sintering. Thus, improved properties can be attained while maintaining dimensional precision, which makes the PM route more attractive. In the present study, different master alloys containing Fe, Si, C, Cr and / or Mn have been admixed to plain iron base powder, the mixes then being consolidated by pressing and sintering. The materials thus produced are compared to two commercial sinter hardening PM steel grades in terms of hardenability. CCT diagrams are presented for all materials, and hardness data from quenching dilatometer experiments are compared to the hardness values achieved by sinter hardening in the lab furnace as well as by a classical quench-and-temper treatment.
Preparation of the microcapsules of Atractylodes chinensis volatile oil and its effect on gastric smooth muscle cell contraction
Authors: An Zhonghua , Wang Yitong , Wu Mengran , Zheng Haotian , Feng Xuelin , Jiang Yiming , Gong Yanling
Published: December 2023

Atractylodes chinensis volatile oil (ACVO) microcapsules were prepared with chitosan as parietal material. The optimal conditions for encapsulation were investigated by the Response Surface Method (RSM). ACVO microcapsules were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), particle size analyzer and Fourier Transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), respectively. In vitro release properties of ACVO microcapsules were investigated at pH 1.5 and 7.4, respectively. The effects of ACVO microcapsules on the length of rat gastric smooth muscle cells (GSMC), mRNA and protein expression of calmodulin (CaM) and myosin light chain kinase (MLCK) were investigated. Results showed that under optimal conditions, encapsulation efficiency (EE) was 82.19 %. ACVO microcapsules were spherical with a particle size of 1100 nm. ACVO microcapsules had a good release profile at pH 1.5, and the cumulative release within 72 h reached 85.32 %. Cell experiments showed that ACVO microcapsules (0.02, 0.04 μg/mL) had no effect on cell activity, while induced GSMC to contract, and improved the mRNA, protein expressions of CaM and MLCK in GSMC.
p(x)-Kirchhoff-type problem with no-flux boundary conditions and convection
Authors: Yacini Soukaina , El Ouaarabi Mohamed , Allalou Chakir , Hilal Khalid
Published: December 2023

This article establishes the existence of a weak solution for a class of

p

(

x

)

p\left(x)

-Kirchhoff-type problem under no-flux boundary conditions with a reaction term depending also on the gradient convection. The proof of the main result is constructed by utilizing the theory of topological degree and the theory of generalized Sobolev spaces.
Dry tribological behaviour of microwave-assisted sintered AA2024 matrix hybrid composites reinforced by TiC/B4C/nano-graphite particles
Authors: Özer Emre , Ayvaz Mehmet
Published: December 2023

This study aimed to produce hybrid composites with a AA2024 matrix reinforced by TiC/B4C/nano-graphite through a microwave-assisted sintering technique at 560 °C for 60 min. The nano-graphite ratio in the produced composite samples was kept constant as 1 wt.%. TiC and B4C were used in equal ratios at 2, 6 and 10 % by weight total to determine their effects on tribological properties. Wear tests were conducted under three different loads: 3, 5 and 10 N. In the hybrid composites produced, an inverse correlation was observed between the increase in reinforcement ratio and sinterability, while a direct correlation relationship was found in hardness and wear resistance. Compared to the sample containing 2 % TiC/B4C in total by weight, a ∼50 % increase in Brinell hardness and a 52–68 % decrease in wear rate was obtained in the sample containing 10 % TiC/B4C. As the reinforcement ratio increased, tribofilm formation increased, and abrasive wear was replaced by mild-oxidative wear type.
Nanoremediation approaches for the mitigation of heavy metal contamination in vegetables: An overview
Authors: Saeed Maimona , Ilyas Noshin , Bibi Fatima , Shabir Sumera , Mehmood Sabiha , Akhtar Nosheen , Ali Iftikhar , Bawazeer Sami , Al Tawaha Abdel Rahman , Eldin Sayed M.
Published: December 2023

Metals with high atomic weights and gravity are considered heavy metals (HMs). Rapid industrialization increases the content of harmful HMs in an ecosystem by affecting soil, water, and living organisms. One growing concern is a buildup of HMs in food crops including vegetables either by irrigation with wastewater containing HMs or from contaminated soil. Consumption of vegetables has potentially serious effects on living organisms. Various physical and chemical strategies are used but such methods have certain limitations. Nanoremediation, a combination of bioremediation and nanotechnology. represents an innovative way for sustainable removal of contaminants such as HMs. Nano-level understanding of cellular and molecular pathways is essential for treating HMs. Although the eco-toxicity of nanotechnology is a recent issue of concern, it is a promising strategy to deal with the pollution of the environment. These strategies can make the vegetables consumable with fewer HMs. Nanoparticles (NPs) are potentially adaptable for both in situ and ex situ HM treatment. This review provides a critical overview of recent nanoremediation technologies and the properties of NPs. Furthermore, considerable valuation of nanoremediation techniques was considered for dealing with contamination with special attention on health and the environment. The review further illustrates the ecological implementation of nanotechnology and provides a strong recommendation for the utilization of nanoremediation to improve the recent situation and justifiable future.
Perception and attitude toward the regulation of online video streaming (in South Korea)
Authors: Yu Eun , Song Haeyeop , Jung Jaemin , Kim Young ju
Published: December 2023

As the production and consumption of live video streaming have increased, a general concern is that live video streaming might yield social problems. This paper investigated how people perceived the current status of live video streaming through a nationwide survey. The survey was conducted with 825 users and 335 non-users in South Korea. The results demonstrate that people perceived live video streaming has more impact on adolescents than themselves, which confirms that the previous study of third-person perception. Respondents also evaluated that the current self-regulatory system is not functioning properly and regulation of live video streaming is required. Especially non-users are more supportive of regulation than users. The perception bias, the difference between the perceived influence on self and adolescents, is the strongest predictor of the need for regulation. Because of the difference between users and non-users regarding the perception of live video streaming, this study recommends that the policymakers should consider the actual status of live video streaming and not perception-based biases in orienting regulation.
Revisiting the Watching Eyes Effect: How Emotional Expressions, Sex, and Age of Watching Eyes Influence Stereotypical Statement Endorsement
Authors: Lau Wee Kiat , Sauter Marian , Bulut Cihan , Eberhardt Lisa Valentina , Huckauf Anke
Published: December 2023

The watching eyes effect has been shown to influence prosocial and antisocial behaviors. However, the eye characteristics which induce this effect remain unclear. This study explored how emotional expressions (anger, fear, happy, neutral), age (old, young), and sex (male, female) of eye images affect antisocial behavior, measured by stereotype endorsement. Participants rated their endorsement of 36 stereotype statements about race, gender, and religion topics, each paired with an eye image. Our findings indicated that stereotype endorsement did not differ significantly between neutral eye images and control flower images. We then used neutral eyes as control images to evaluate stereotype endorsement when being watched by eyes with other expressions. When comparing endorsement across age and sex in each expression, the data revealed higher endorsement for angry old male eyes and for happy young eyes (males and females), and lower endorsement for fearful eyes, except for old fearful female eyes. Therefore, varying the emotional expression, sex, and age of the eye images used in the watching eyes effect paradigm influences stereotype endorsement. To further unravel the underlying mechanisms behind the watching eyes effect, we encourage future research to explore how varying characteristics of the eyes affect responses/behaviors like stereotype endorsement.
Morphology of uranium oxides reduced from magnesium and sodium diuranate
Authors: Chalifoux Aaron M. , Gibb Logan , Wurth Kimberly N. , Tenner Travis , Tasdizen Tolga , McDonald Luther W.
Published: December 2023

Morphological analysis of uranium materials has proven to be a key signature for nuclear forensic purposes. This study examines the morphological changes to magnesium diuranate (MDU) and sodium diuranate (SDU) during reduction in a 10 % hydrogen atmosphere with and without steam present. Impurity concentrations of the materials were also examined pre and post reduction using energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy combined with scanning electron microscopy (SEM-EDX). The structures of the MDU, SDU, and UO
x
samples were analyzed using powder X-ray diffraction (p-XRD). Using this method, UO
x
from MDU was found to be a mixture of UO2, U4O9, and MgU2O6 while UO
x
from SDU were combinations of UO2, U4O9, U3O8, and UO3. By SEM, the MDU and UO
x
from MDU had identical morphologies comprised of large agglomerates of rounded particles in an irregular pattern. SEM-EDX revealed pockets of high U and high Mg content distributed throughout the materials. The SDU and UO
x
from SDU had slightly different morphologies. The SDU consisted of massive agglomerates of platy sheets with rough surfaces. The UO
x
from SDU was comprised of massive agglomerates of acicular and sub-rounded particles that appeared slightly sintered. Backscatter images of SDU and related UO
x
materials showed sub-rounded dark spots indicating areas of high Na content, especially in UO
x
materials created in the presence of steam. SEM-EDX confirmed the presence of high sodium concentration spots in the SDU and UO
x
from SDU. Elemental compositions were found to not change between pre and post reduction of MDU and SDU indicating that reduction with or without steam does not affect Mg or Na concentrations. The identification of Mg and Na impurities using SEM analysis presents a readily accessible tool in nuclear material analysis with high Mg and Na impurities likely indicating processing via MDU or SDU, respectively. Machine learning using convolutional neural networks (CNNs) found that the MDU and SDU had unique morphologies compared to previous publications and that there are distinguishing features between materials created with and without steam.
Bayesian Reconciliation of Return Predictability
Authors: Koval Borys , Frühwirth-Schnatter Sylvia , Sögner Leopold
Published: December 2023

This article considers a stable vector autoregressive (VAR) model and investigates return predictability in a Bayesian context. The bivariate VAR system comprises asset returns and a further prediction variable, such as the dividend-price ratio, and allows pinning down the question of return predictability to the value of one particular model parameter. We develop a new shrinkage type prior for this parameter and compare our Bayesian approach to ordinary least squares estimation and to the reduced-bias estimator proposed in Amihud and Hurvich (2004. “Predictive Regressions: A Reduced-Bias Estimation Method.” Journal of Financial and Quantitative Analysis 39: 813–41). A simulation study shows that the Bayesian approach dominates the reduced-bias estimator in terms of observed size (false positive) and power (false negative). We apply our methodology to a system comprising annual CRSP value-weighted returns running, respectively, from 1926 to 2004 and from 1953 to 2021, and the logarithmic dividend-price ratio. For the first sample, the Bayesian approach supports the hypothesis of no return predictability, while for the second data set weak evidence for predictability is observed. Then, instead of the dividend-price ratio, some prediction variables proposed in Welch and Goyal (2008. “A Comprehensive Look at the Empirical Performance of Equity Premium Prediction.” Review of Financial Studies 21: 1455–508) are used. Also with these prediction variables, only weak evidence for return predictability is supported by Bayesian testing. These results are corroborated with an out-of-sample forecasting analysis.
Physicochemical contrivance for exploring host-guest inclusion complex of a significant green solvent with a cyclic oligosaccharide and its innovative application optimized by computational approach
Authors: Debnath Subhajit , Mondal Modhusudan , Sinha Anuradha , Roy Niloy , Ghosh Biswajit , Mallick Kangkan , Rajbanshi Biplab , Roy Debadrita , Ray Tanusree , Sarkar Shukdeb , Maji Joydeb , Roy Mahendra Nath
Published: December 2023

Our modern study is going to inspect new inclusion phenomena between the 1-butyl-2,3-dimethylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate [Bdmim]BF4 ionic liquid (IL) and the host α-Cyclodextrin (α-CD) by a 1:1 ratio and newly formed inclusion complex was further explored by the 1H-NMR, FT-IR, UV–vis spectroscopy, PXRD, DSC, and SEM analysis. Molecular docking was also performed to investigate the encapsulation of the inclusion complex in which orientation and it have been seen that the IL [Bdmim]BF4 enters into the α-CD cavity with a 1:1 ratio was further established with the help of Job’s plot. Furthermore, the antibacterial activity of [Bdmim]BF4 IL and its inclusion complex was verified against some Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacterial strains.
Dissociation of Reliability, Heritability, and Predictivity in Coarse- and Fine-Scale Functional Connectomes during Development
Authors: Busch Erica L. , Rapuano Kristina M. , Anderson Kevin M. , Rosenberg Monica D. , Watts Richard , Casey B. J. , Haxby James V. , Feilong Ma
Published: December 2023

The functional connectome supports information transmission through the brain at various spatial scales, from exchange between broad cortical regions to finer-scale, vertex-wise connections that underlie specific information processing mechanisms. In adults, while both the coarse- and fine-scale functional connectomes predict cognition, the fine scale can predict up to twice the variance as the coarse-scale functional connectome. Yet, past brain-wide association studies, particularly using large developmental samples, focus on the coarse connectome to understand the neural underpinnings of individual differences in cognition. Using a large cohort of children (age 9–10 years;n = 1,115 individuals; both sexes; 50% female, including 170 monozygotic and 219 dizygotic twin pairs and 337 unrelated individuals), we examine the reliability, heritability, and behavioral relevance of resting-state functional connectivity computed at different spatial scales. We use connectivity hyperalignment to improve access to reliable fine-scale (vertex-wise) connectivity information and compare the fine-scale connectome with the traditional parcel-wise (coarse scale) functional connectomes. Though individual differences in the fine-scale connectome are more reliable than those in the coarse-scale, they are less heritable. Further, the alignment and scale of connectomes influence their ability to predict behavior, whereby some cognitive traits are equally well predicted by both connectome scales, but other, less heritable cognitive traits are better predicted by the fine-scale connectome. Together, our findings suggest there are dissociable individual differences in information processing represented at different scales of the functional connectome which, in turn, have distinct implications for heritability and cognition.