bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) and chronic kidney insufficiency (CKI) diagnosing equation in cirrhotic patients
Authors: Musso Carlos G. , Casciato Paola , Macías‐Nuñez Juan , Ardanuy Ramón , Gonzalez‐Torres Henry , Aroca‐Martinez Gustavo , Torres‐Caro Cristina , Narvaez Adrian , Bonifacio Mariano , Padilla Marlene , Gadano Adrian
Published: June 2022

Cirrhotic patients can develop acute kidney injury (AKI), and chronic kidney disease (CKD). Therefore, renal functional evaluation is crucial in cirrhotic patients. However, serum creatinine and urea levels, as well as measured or estimated glomerular filtration rate is not reliable renal functional markers in these patients compared to other patient groups. In the present study, four original equations are designed and tested for screening chronic kidney disease (CKD) and chronic kidney insufficiency (CKI) in stable cirrhotic patients.

Material & Method

estimated GFR (CKD‐EPI creatinine and cystatin equations) were recorded in 175 adult stable patients suffering from cirrhosis, and these patients were classified as presenting or not CKD and CKI after evaluation by two independent nephrologists. Based on these data, the variables with the significant discriminating capability to identify CKD and CKI (based on creatinine and cystatin) were detected by applying the Student's t‐test for two independent groups, later confirmed by the lambda test of Wilks, in order to obtain the renal function equations.

Results

CKD equation (creatinine) = 7.094238–0.043104 × CKD‐EPI creatinine ‐ 0.057537 × haematocrit.

CKD equation (cystatin) = 8.375074–0.117218 × CKD‐EPI cystatin.

CKI equation (creatinine) = 0.428389–0.043214 × CKD‐EPI creatinine +0.183051 × Child‐Pugh score + 0.050162 × age (in years).

CKI equation (cystatin) = 9.169579–0.139319 × CKD‐EPI cystatin.

Conclusion

Simple and reliable equations have been obtained for screening chronic kidney disease and chronic kidney insufficiency in cirrhotic patients.
Failure of Posterior Lower Lumbar/Lumbosacral Hemi‐Vertebra Resection: An Analysis of Reasons and Revision Strategies
Authors: Liu Dun , Shi Benlong , Li Yang , Liu Zhen , Sun Xu , Zhu Zezhang , Qiu Yong
Published: June 2022

Objective

To investigate the causes of failed primary surgery and the revision strategies for congenital scoliosis (CS) patients with lower lumbar/lumbosacral (LL/LS) hemi‐vertebra (HV).

Methods

Fifteen CS patients with LL/LS HV (seven females and eight males) with a mean age of 20.4 ± 10.4 years undergoing revision surgery in our center were retrospectively reviewed. The radiographic parameters including Cobb angle, distance between C7 plumb line and center sacral vertical line (C7PL‐CSVL), thoracic kyphosis (TK), lumbar lordosis (LL) and sagittal vertical axis (SVA) were assessed at pre‐revision, post‐revision and the last follow‐up. The causes of failure in primary operation, and radiographic and clinical outcomes of revision procedures were analyzed.

Results

The revision rate of patients undergoing LL/LS HV resection and correction surgery was 11.4%. The average time interval between primary surgery and revision surgery was 18.2 ± 10.6 months. The operation duration and estimated blood loss of revision surgery were 194 ± 56 min and 326 ± 74 ml, respectively. Reasons for failed primary operations were as follows: internal fixation fracture in 10 cases, curve progression in two cases, implant loose in two cases and post‐operative coronal imbalance in one case. The post‐revision Cobb angle was significantly improved from 29.9° ± 8.3° to 18.7° ± 6.7° (P < 0.001) with a correction rate of 37.5% ± 12.6%. At the final follow‐up, the average Cobb angle was 18.9° ± 6.2° and the correction was well maintained (P = 0.788). The C7PL‐CSVL at pre‐revision, post‐revision and at last follow‐up were 23.2 ± 9.3 mm, 14.8 ± 4.8 mm and 14.9 ± 5.4 mm, respectively. Significant improvements (P = 0.004) were observed after revision surgery and there was no evident loss of correction (P = 0.703). There was no significant difference in TK, LL and SVA before and after revision surgery (all P > 0.05). At the last follow‐up, no significant correction loss of above coronal and sagittal parameters were observed (all P > 0.05). The revision methods were individualized according to the primary surgical procedures and the reasons for revision. The recommended revision strategies include incision of pseudarthrosis with sufficient bone graft, fixation of satellite rods, thorough residual HV excision, prolonged fusion to S2 and transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion at lumbosacral region. Solid bony fusion and no implant‐related complication were detected during the follow‐up.

Conclusions

The causes of revision surgery for patients with congenital scoliosis (CS) due to lumbosacral HV were verified and implant failure with pseudarthrosis was the main reason for failed primary operation.
Infantile Stevens Johnson syndrome and toxic epidermal necrolysis: A systematic review of clinical features and outcomes in children ages 12 months and under
Authors: Iriarte Christopher , Karim Sabrina A. , Nassim Janelle S. , Grenier Pierre‐Olivier , Massey Krystal Jones
Published: June 2022

Background/Objectives

Stevens‐Johnson syndrome (SJS) and toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN) are life‐threatening mucocutaneous hypersensitivity reactions that carry significant morbidity and mortality. While clinical features are well documented in adult and pediatric patients, infantile cases are rarely reported. Our objective was to synthesize clinical features and outcomes in this population.

Methods

A literature search was performed from three large databases (PubMed, EMBASE, and Web of Science) to systematically identify reports of SJS/TEN in the infantile period (defined as less than 12 months of age) between 1962 and 2019. Cases determined to represent SJS/TEN based on defined criteria were included. Each case was scored based on Quality Rating Scheme for Studies and Other Evidence. The initial search yielded 4856 publications, of which 19 (n = 26) met final inclusion criteria.

Results

All cases for which body surface area (BSA) involvement was available or able to be approximated (n = 18/26) met criteria for TEN. All cases (n = 26) had mucous membrane involvement, with the oral mucosa most commonly affected (85.7%). Mortality was high within our population with 39.1% of infants expiring, 77.8% secondary to bacterial sepsis. The most common triggers were medications (52.4%), infections (33.3%), and vaccinations (14.3%).

Conclusions

This review highlights several unique clinical findings amongst infants with SJS/TEN, including increased BSA involvement, higher rates of bacterial sepsis, and higher mortality rates compared to older children and adults. Infants are more likely to present as TEN over SJS. More research is needed to identify triggers, successful treatments, and specific outcomes in this population.
International trade, job training, and labor reallocation
Authors: Blyde Juan , Pires Jose Claudio , Rodríguez Chatruc Marisol
Published: June 2022

A large literature studies the impact of increased import competition on workers' outcomes, however, relatively few studies examine which policies can aid workers displaced by trade. In this article, we evaluate the impact of an industrial job training program in Brazil on workers displaced from manufacturing sectors. We find that industrial training increases the probability of re‐entry into the formal labor market 1 year after displacement by about 17 percentage points and is even more effective for workers displaced from sectors exposed to high import competition. This effect is mainly associated with workers switching sectors and occupations after training.
The prevalence of sacroiliac joint CT and MRI findings is high in large breed dogs
Authors: Wise Robert , Jones Jeryl , Werre Stephen , Aguirre Magdalena
Published: June 2022

Sacroiliac joint (SIJ) disease has been described as one of the possible causes of lumbosacral (LS) region pain in dogs. However, published information is currently lacking for the computed tomographic (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) characteristics of canine SIJ disease. The objectives of this retrospective, observational study were to describe and quantify CT and MRI SIJ findings in a sample of large breed dogs and test associations between the numbers of SIJ findings and other variables. Data archives for a veterinary teaching hospital were searched for large breed dogs (≥ 22.7 kg) that had CT or MRI scans of the LS and pelvic regions in 2015–2019. Dogs with a history of acute trauma or scans with incomplete SIJs were excluded. A veterinary student recorded medical record findings. A veterinary radiologist and graduate student recorded CT and MRI findings based on previously published criteria in dogs and humans. Fifty‐three dogs were sampled (20 CT, 33 MRI). Categories of findings with the highest prevalence were subchondral erosion (100% CT, 100% MRI) and subchondral sclerosis (95% CT, 97% MRI). The total numbers of SIJ findings per dog were not associated with dog age, sex, weight, or concurrent findings in the LS or pelvic regions. The total number of MRI SIJ findings per dog differed between German Shepherds and Labrador Retrievers (P = 0.0237) as well as between Labrador Retrievers and other breeds (P = 0.0414). These results indicated that CT and MRI findings reported in humans with SIJ disease are common in large breed dogs.
Angustia moral y educación médica: revisión temática para la visibilización de un problema en expansión.
Authors: Medina Ana María , Arias Delgado Diego , Ramírez Pazos Jerónimo , Velasquez Robles Dario , Cuervo Landinez Maria Paula , López Sanmiguel Andrea , Salgado Cendales Andrés
Published: June 2022

La angustia moral (AM) es un fenómeno descrito en el personal de salud, que poco a poco va ganando interés por estar involucrado en la cotidianidad de la toma de decisiones clínicas. El objetivo del presente trabajo fue estructurar una visión general del concepto. Se realizó una revisión temática con análisis cualitativo del contenido de 40 artículos relacionados con el tema y obtenidos de la base datos PubMed. Obteniendo que la AM es un fenómeno multicausal del cual no se tiene aún un modelo concreto que permita entenderla e interpretarla por lo que no se conoce su frecuencia, su intensidad o el alcance de su impacto a ciencia cierta.  La AM es un fenómeno que no tiene un cuerpo teórico que permita entenderla por completo, por lo que se hace necesario diseñar herramientas interdisciplinares que permitan su comprensión y abordaje.
Bronquiolitis constrictiva en lactante postinfección por SARS-CoV-2
Authors: Garcia Moya Maria Isabel , Rodríguez Laura Carolina , Restrepo Gualteros Sonia Maria , Panqueva Centanaro Olga Patricia , Uriza Carrasco Luis Felipe
Published: June 2022

La bronquiolitis obliterante se caracteriza por ser una enfermedad respiratoria obstructiva crónica con cambios histológicos irreversibles y de presentación inusual en la población pediátrica por lo cual usualmente es sub diagnosticada, sin embargo, en episodios broncoobstructivos de evolución atípica o severa debe ser considerada como probable diagnóstico. La bronquiolitis obliterante se considera una enfermedad crónica inflamatoria de los bronquiolos que puede presentarse de dos formas histopatológicas ya sea por afectación peribronquiolar desde el epitelio hacia la luz de forma concéntrica (constrictiva) o por ocupación del lumen del bronquiolo dado por proliferación del tejido endoluminal (proliferativa). El diagnóstico se realiza según criterios clínicos y criterios radiológicos (TC de tórax), un puntaje mayor de 7 predice con alta precisión el diagnóstico de bronquiolitis obliterante. Dado que se trata de una enfermedad inflamatoria crónica mediada por la respuesta inmune, el tratamiento esta dirigido a suprimir la respuesta inflamatoria para evitar el daño pulmonar por cambios irreversibles sin embargo, una vez instaurada la enfermedad el tratamiento será sintomático, de soporte y seguimiento de la función pulmonar. A continuación, se presenta el caso de un lactante de 2 meses de edad con antecedente en su periodo neonatal de infección respiratoria por SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) en quien se evidenció cambios radiológicos y clínicos compatibles con bronquiolitis constrictiva post infecciosa en su evolución clínica.
Síndrome de Embolia por silicona: Una revisión de tema
Authors: Ávila Arenas Lina María , Londoño Duarte María Piedad , Ojeda Toro German Danilo
Published: June 2022

Desde su descubrimiento la silicona ha tenido amplios y diversos usos, tal es el caso de la silicona de uso médico (polidimetilsiloxano) que se ha empleado con diferentes propósitos como implantes valvulares, articulares, procedimientos oculares, procedimientos cosméticos y reconstructivos, sin embargo, su utilización se ha extendido fuera del campo médico profesional, con la realización de procedimientos estéticos clandestinos favoreciendo la aparición de complicaciones (14), como el desplazamiento o migración de la silicona desde el sitio inyectado, inflamación de la piel en el sitio de inyección, lipodistrofia, granulomas nodulares, lesiones quísticas, ulceraciones, cicatrices desfigurantes, problemas respiratorios y embolia sistémica de silicona, siendo este último potencialmente fatal sin diagnóstico ni tratamiento oportuno (6). Esta entidad es una complicación grave que se presenta posterior a la administración de la silicona a nivel del tejido subcutáneo, en donde factores como la pureza, técnica y volumen del material inyectado juegan un papel importante en la patogénesis de este síndrome (2).

El propósito del presente artículo es realizar una revisión de la literatura del síndrome de embolia de silicona líquida, patología poco frecuente, pero que debe ser considerada como posibilidad diagnóstica en el paciente con antecedente de inyección de silicona que se presenta con síntomas respiratorios.
Enfoque del mareo y vértigo en el servicio de urgencias
Authors: Ojeda Toro Germán Danilo , Ariza Aguilar Ludwing Olive , Montaña David , Parra José Fernando
Published: June 2022

El vértigo y el mareo, considerado el primero como una sensación ilusoria rotacional y el segundo como una sensación alterada de los sentidos no relacionada con sensación de movimiento, son motivos frecuentes de consulta a urgencias, teniendo diagnósticos diferenciales extensos que incluyen afecciones tanto benignas como graves. Para los médicos de urgencias se establece como uno de los principales objetivos diferenciar y detectar enfermedades cerebrovasculares y condiciones críticas que requieran tratamiento agudo entre la mayoría de las consultas que se presentan como afecciones autolimitadas y benignas. El enfoque clínico debe incluir los factores desencadenantes, la intermitencia y tiempo de evolución de los síntomas; y ya que los estudios de neuroimagen como la tomografía computarizada de cráneo, la cual no es completamente sensible para excluir la presencia de lesiones de la fosa posterior, y la resonancia nuclear magnética de cerebro la cual puede no evidenciar lesiones dentro de las primeras 24 horas después del inicio de los síntomas, es importante estar familiarizado con el uso de pruebas clínicas que permitan diferenciar lesiones neurológicas de origen central y periférico.
Grasa y aceites provenientes de la dieta: consideraciones para su consumo en la población colombiana
Authors: Arias Benavides Daniela , Ariza Muñoz Diana Valentina , Amador Buitrago Maria Camila , Arango Lozano Mariana , Ángel Plata Natalia , Acero Guerrero Angie Julieth  , Amaya Diaz Andrés Felipe , Arenas Beltrán Mayra Alejandra  , Aldana Parada Daniel José  , Acosta Villas Acosta Villas , Quintero Arciniegas Laura , Cáceres Gómez Juan Pablo , Mora Plazas Mercedes , Gómez Gutierrez Luis Fernando
Published: June 2022

El 78 % de las muertes ocurridas en Colombia en 2019 se debieron a enfermedades crónicas no transmisibles. De estas, el 30 % se originaron por condiciones cardiovasculares que se explican principalmente por factores de riesgo como sedentarismo, tabaquismo y patrones de alimentación no saludables. El exceso de consumo de grasas provenientes de la dieta, especialmente saturadas y trans, está relacionado con diversos efectos negativos en salud. En la población colombiana, la ingesta de grasas está dada principalmente por el uso de aceites empleados en frituras y el consumo de productos comestibles ultraprocesados. La Ley 2120, aprobada en Colombia, establece la implementación de un sistema de etiquetado nutricional de advertencia de los principales nutrientes críticos, dentro de ellos de las grasas no saludables contenidas en exceso en comestibles envasados.
Percepción de respeto a los derechos de educación y trabajo digno en médicos residentes.
Authors: Lugo Machado Juan Antonio , García Ramírez Patricia Emiliana , Valentón Código Elizabeth Medina , Sepúlveda Mario , Saldaña Márquez Abraham
Published: June 2022

Este artículo es un estudio descriptivo, prospectivo, transversal, para valorar la opinión de los residentes de medicina sobre el respeto a sus derechos a la educación y al trabajo digno, entre abril y mayo 2021. Se incluyeron variables como edad, género, año de residencia, especialidad, así como los resultados de la encuesta. Se aplicó estadística descriptiva, así como χ² de Pearson. Resultados: La edad promedio fue 28,1 años, de los cuales el 37,2 % estaba en primer año; el 32,2 %, en segundo; el 14,9 %, en tercero, y el 15,7 %, en cuarto. En cuanto a especialidades, los residentes estaban en anestesiología (19 %), cardiología (6,6 %), medicina del enfermo crítico (0,8 %), medicina interna (18,2 %), nefrología (0,8 %), oftalmología (8,3 %), otorrinolaringología (5,8 %), radiología e imagen (19,8 %), traumatología (18,2 %) y urología (2,5 %). El 70,8 % de los encuestados percibe que sus derechos a la educación favorables se encuentran en nivel alto y muy alto. En relación con el trabajo digno favorable, el 64,2 % lo percibe como alto y muy alto. La residencia en traumatología describió los niveles más bajos en ambas dimensiones; sin embargo, no se encontró diferencias significativas entre todas las especialidades al aplicar el χ² de Pearson, con un valor de p de 0,8498 (p = 0,05). Conclusión: Poco más de tres de cuatro partes de nuestros encuestados opina que, en general, sus derechos a la educación y trabajo digno se encuentran en niveles alto a muy altos de respeto. Traumatología representó la especialidad con niveles de percepción de bajo a muy bajos. La sobrecarga horaria refleja el efecto en su vida social, familiar y académica.
Ripple Effect
Authors: Costa Kevin D. , Lee Charles Y.
Published: June 2022

As we enter the third year of the COVID era, it is crucial that policymakers and manufacturers revisit the medical supply chain. We all need to better understand how the Defense Production Act can distort the supply chain in ways that ripple out beyond the specific productions being requisitioned. More importantly, the country needs to commit itself to a domestic manufacturing capability so that it won’t be left with critical shortages the next time a crisis hits.
The Stefan Problem With Internal Heat Generation in Spherical Coordinates
Authors: Williams Sidney , Barannyk Lyudmyla , Crepeau John , Paulus Patrick
Published: June 2022

A weakly time-dependent equation for the evolution of the solid–liquid interface in spherical coordinates, driven by internal heat generation, is derived for constant surface temperature boundary conditions. The derivation comes by making an assumption that the interface moves slowly compared to the changes in the temperature so that the technique of separation of variables may be applied for Stefan numbers less than one. Under this approximation, we can separate the nonhomogeneous heat diffusion equation into transient and steady-state terms, and then integrate to get the temperature relations. With the temperature equations in hand, the derivatives are inserted into the interface equation giving a first-order differential equation for the location of the solid–liquid interface as a function of time. The results are compared to a previously derived quasi-static solution and a numerical simulation generated using the method of catching of the front. This method allows for direct tracking of a moving boundary via the calculation of the time it takes to move from node to node in a discretized grid characteristic of classical finite difference methods. Plots of the interface evolution show excellent agreement between the three methods, especially for lower Stefan numbers. The quality of the approximation decreases as the Stefan number increases, but the model is more accurate than the previously studied quasi-static model. For the Stefan numbers St = 1.0 and 10.0, the weakly time-dependent solutions are in better agreement with the numerical results than the quasi-static solutions.
Forced Convection in a Transpired Passage With a Porous Medium Insert
Authors: Bai Xiaohui , Yi Yuan , Liu Cunliang , Nakayama Akira
Published: June 2022

Forced convective heat transfer in a passage with a porous medium matrix subjected to uniform blowing has been fully analyzed, using a local thermal nonequilibrium approach, in application of transpiration systems on the basis of porous medium. An exact solution was found for the asymptotic case of infinitely high interstitial Biot number. In order to extend the problem to general local nonthermal equilibrium cases, an analytical solution procedure has been developed, introducing six unknown parameters to describe both fluid and solid temperature profiles, which are then determined by solving six independent differential and integral equations based on the two energy equations for individual phases and their corresponding boundary conditions. The important performance index for the problem, namely, the overall cooling effectiveness is found quite sensitive not only to the blowing ratio, but also to the interstitial Biot number and fluid to solid effective thermal conductivity ratio. It rises with the blowing ratio and effective thermal conductivity ratio, while it drops as increasing the interstitial Biot number toward the local thermal equilibrium. The present analysis reveals that the local nonthermal equilibrium analysis is definitely needed for accurate estimation of the transpiration-cooled wall temperature.
Analysis of Large Eddy Simulations and 1D Hot-Wire Data to Determine Actively Generated Main Flow Turbulence in a Film Cooling Test Rig
Authors: Fischer Lukas , Straußwald Michael , Pfitzner Michael
Published: June 2022

Active turbulence generators were incorporated into a wind tunnel to investigate more realistic inflow conditions for a film cooling test rig. The flow field signals are sampled numerically by probes in large eddy simulations (LES) and experimentally using 1D hot-wire measurements to determine turbulence quantities. The LES shows that the turbulence is anisotropic which cannot be detected by the 1D hot-wire. Furthermore, the integral length scale which shall provide insight into the sizes of the turbulent eddies is determined using two approaches. The first uses the one probe at two times correlation method and could be evaluated from the numerical and experimental probes. The second correlation method exploits the spatial resolution in the LES domain using the two probes at one time approach. Both methods show combustor-like turbulence length scales downstream of the active turbulence generators if the triple decomposition is applied onto the velocity signal.
Theoretical and numerical simulation to control the wideband interfering noise by the broadband constant beam pattern method for a cylindrical array
Authors: Huang Dehua
Published: June 2022

The broadband azimuthal constant beam pattern (CBP) cylindrical array synthesis theory is applied to suppress or to cancel wideband interfering directional noise sources on this plane by implanting zeros in the array's original synthesized shading function. This modified array shading function can be expanded by Fourier cosine and sine series, which are converged to the beam pattern in the far-field such that the created nulls (or reduced-response beam sidelobes) are in the wideband interfering noise source directions per the CBP theory for the large ratio of the cylindrical array radius to the operating frequency wavelength. The simulated numerical examples given for this wideband noise source suppression method for modified Legendre polynomial, classic Dolph–Chebyshev, and Taylor shading functions maintain a broadband CBP performance in the azimuthal plane for a cylindrical array. With the CBP design, one set of the real shading functions works for all frequencies in the array's operating band to cancel or to suppress wideband interfering noise sources.
Calculating the acoustic input impedance of a simplified brass instrument as an educational laboratory activity
Authors: Morrison Andrew , Worland Randy
Published: June 2022

The concept of acoustic impedance is often difficult for students in introductory acoustics courses to make sense of, especially students without advanced mathematics backgrounds. This work summarizes a laboratory activity for students in a general education musical acoustics class where a simplified brass musical instrument is examined, focusing on how the geometry of the air column affects the input impedance of the instrument. Students are guided through making bore profile measurements for use in a computation of the input impedance. Options for making experimental measurements of the simplified instrument are explained. The laboratory activity was successfully used with students who reported their increased understanding of the acoustics of brass musical instruments.
Organic acids and glucose prime late-stage fungal biotrophy in maize
Authors: Kretschmer Matthias , Damoo Djihane , Sun Sherry , Lee Christopher W. J. , Croll Daniel , Brumer Harry , Kronstad James
Published: June 2022

Many plant-associated fungi are obligate biotrophs that depend on living hosts to proliferate. However, little is known about the molecular basis of the biotrophic lifestyle, despite the impact of fungi on the environment and food security. In this work, we show that combinations of organic acids and glucose trigger phenotypes that are associated with the late stage of biotrophy for the maize pathogen
Ustilago maydis
. These phenotypes include the expression of a set of effectors normally observed only during biotrophic development, as well as the formation of melanin associated with sporulation in plant tumors.
U. maydis
and other hemibiotrophic fungi also respond to a combination of carbon sources with enhanced proliferation. Thus, the response to combinations of nutrients from the host may be a conserved feature of fungal biotrophy.
The surgeon and the soldiers
The Facemaker: A Visionary Surgeon’s Battle to Mend the Disfigured Soldiers of World War I
Lindsey Fitzharris
Farrar, Straus and Giroux, 2022. 336 pp.
Authors: Newman Cathy
Published: June 2022

Plastic surgery pioneer Harold Gillies transformed facial reconstruction during World War I
Solving a puzzle with atomic qubits
Authors: Schleier-Smith Monika
Published: June 2022

A quantum com puter makes light work of the maximum independent set problem
To Psyche and beyond
A Portrait of the Scientist as a Young Woman
Lindy Elkins-Tanton
William Morrow, 2022. 272 pp.
Authors: Venkatraman Vijaysree
Published: June 2022

The future of US innovation will depend on teamwork, maintains a planetary scientist in a new memoir
Chile’s Indigenous groups seek fairer research
Authors: Mega Emiliano Rodríguez
Published: June 2022

New constitution may help reset relationship between scientists and communities
At NSF, what price geographic diversity?
Authors: Mervis Jeffrey
Published: June 2022

U.S. innovation bills present Congress with dueling visions for funding have-not states
RNA Biomarker Trends across Type I and Type II Aerobic Methanotrophs in Response to Methane Oxidation Rates and Transcriptome Response to Short-Term Methane and Oxygen Limitation in Methylomicrobium album BG8
Authors: Tentori Egidio F. , Fang Shania , Richardson Ruth E.
Published: June 2022

Methanotrophs are naturally occurring microorganisms capable of oxidizing methane, having an impact on global net methane emissions. Additionally, they have also gained interest for their biotechnological applications in single-cell protein production, biofuels, and bioplastics.
Cyclosporine for the treatment of multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children with coronary artery aneurysms
Authors: Hiraoka Tomohiro , Tsuge Mitsuru , Kondo Yoichi
Published: June 2022

Multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C) is a newly described syndrome related to the COVID-19, resembling other known aetiologies, including Kawasaki disease. Cardiovascular involvement is common; left ventricle dysfunction and coronary artery aneurysm (CAA) are also observed. Many treatment guidelines recommend using intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) alone or with glucocorticoids as the first-line therapy. Biological agents, such as anakinra, are recommended for refractory cases, but the evidence is still accumulating. Moreover, the use of other treatment agents can be beneficial, especially when anakinra is unavailable. Here, we report the case of a 9-year-old girl who presented with MIS-C with CAAs. She received cyclosporine because two rounds of IVIG treatment were ineffective and the use of anakinra is not approved in Japan. Her cytokine profile showed that cyclosporine prevented exacerbation. The case highlights that cyclosporine therapy can be an option for the treatment of refractory MIS-C with CAA.
Questioning the ethics of evidence-based practice for Indigenous health and social settings in Australia
Authors: Luke Joanne , Verbunt Ebony , Zhang Angela , Bamblett Muriel , Johnson Gabrielle , Salamone Connie , Thomas David , Eades Sandra , Gubhaju Lina , Kelaher Margaret , Jones Amanda
Published: June 2022

Australian government planning promotes evidence-based action as the overarching goal to achieving health equality for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander populations. However, an inequitable distribution of power and resources in the conduct of evidence-based practice produces a policy environment counterintuitive to this goal. This context of contemporary evidence-based practice gives legitimacy to ‘expert practitioners’ located in Australian governments and universities to use Western guidelines and tools, embedded in Western methodology, to make ‘evidence’ informed policy and programming decisions about Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander populations. This method for decision making assumes a positional superiority that can marginalise the important perspectives, experiences and knowledge of Aboriginal Community Controlled Organisations and their processes for decision making. Here we consider the four steps of an evidence review: (1) developing a review question; (2) acquiring studies; (3) appraising the evidence and (4) assessing the evidence, as components of wider evidence-based practice. We discuss some of the limitations across each step that arise from the broader context within which the evidence review is produced. We propose that an ethical and just approach to evidence-based review can be achieved through a well-resourced Aboriginal community controlled sector, where Aboriginal organisations generate their own evidence and evidence is reviewed using methods and tools that privilege Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander ways of knowing, doing and being.
Cardiorespiratory fitness and fat oxidation during exercise in Chinese, Indian, and Malay men with elevated body mass index
Authors: Demashkieh Mayada , Dalan Rinkoo , Burns Stephen Francis
Published: June 2022

A cross-sectional pilot investigation was performed in Chinese, Indian, and Malay men (15 each) with elevated body mass index to compare ( i) cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) and ( ii) fat oxidation at rest and maximal fat oxidation during exercise. Predicted CRF (Chinese: 37.0 (5.1) mL·kg–1·min–1; Indian: 34.8 (5.6) mL·kg–1·min–1; Malay: 33.0 (7.1) mL·kg–1·min–1; P = 0.208) and resting fat oxidation were similar among groups. Maximal fat oxidation during exercise was lower in Indian (3.81 (1.02) mg·kg–1·min–1, P = 0.004) and Malay (3.36 (0.95) mg·kg–1·min–1, P < 0.001) than Chinese (5.17 (1.23) mg·kg–1·min–1) men. Fat oxidation during exercise may contribute toward obesity risk in Asian populations. ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT05337111.
Oxygen sensor of the heart
Authors: Fernández-Morales José-Carlos , Morad Martin
Published: June 2022

How oxygen is sensed by the heart and what mechanisms mediate its sensing remain poorly understood. As recent reports show that low PO2 levels are detected by the cardiomyocytes in a few seconds, the rapid and short applications of low levels of oxygen (acute hypoxia), which avoid multiple effects of chronic hypoxia, may be used to probe the oxygen-sensing pathway of the heart. Here, we explored the oxygen-sensing pathway, focusing primarily on cellular surface membrane proteins that were first exposed to low PO2. Such studies suggest that acute hypoxia primarily targets the cardiac calcium channels, where either the channel itself or moieties closely associated with it, for instance heme-oxygenase-2 (HO-2) interacting through kinase phosphorylation, signal the α-subunit of the channel to the altered levels of PO2. Amino acids 1572–1651, the CaMKII phosphorylation sites (S1487 and S1545), CaM-binding sites (I1624 and Q1625), and Ser1928 of the carboxyl tail of the α-subunit appear to be critical residues that sense oxygen. Future studies on HO-2 knockout mice or CRISPR/Cas9 gene-edited human-induced pluripotent stem-cell-derived cardiomyocytes that reduce CaM-binding affinity are likely to provide deeper insights into the O2-sensing mechanisms.
Fear as an enemy? Behavioral changes of Ananteris mauryi (Scorpiones: Buthidae) triggered by chemical cues from an intraguild predator
Authors: Feitosa Matheus L.B. , Dionisio-da-Silva Welton , Lira André F.A. , Teles-Pontes Wendel J.
Published: June 2022

Fear level and intraguild predation are factors that act together to directly influence animal behavior, population dynamics, and community structure. These factors trigger stress, which promotes behavioral, morphological, physiological, and demographic changes, especially in the prey. Some invertebrates, such as scorpions, are known to have a refined chemoreception system to perceive both prey and predators. Therefore, we investigated the ability of an intraguild prey, the scorpion Ananteris mauryi Lourenço, 1982, to detect chemical traces of its predator, the scorpion Tityus pusillus Pocock, 1893. Our goal was to verify whether A. mauryi exhibits antipredator behavior induced exclusively by chemical cues from its predator. Ananteris mauryi specimens were subjected to two experimental treatments: one with and one without traces of T. pusillus. The results showed that A. mauryi tended to avoid substrates with chemical traces of T. pusillus, confirming its capacity for chemical detection. As a result of this perception, changes in behavioral frequencies were triggered, generating an antipredator behavioral repertoire. These findings were supported by behavioral changes, such as tail wagging, which is performed exclusively by scorpions in the presence of a predator and at imminent risk of predation.
Population structure of lake whitefish (Coregonus clupeaformis) from the Mississippian lineage in North America
Authors: Graham Carly F. , Boreham Douglas R. , Manzon Richard G. , Wilson Joanna Y. , Somers Christopher M.
Published: June 2022

The lake whitefish ( Coregonus clupeaformis) is a commercially valuable freshwater species with a broad distribution in North America. Some phylogeographic work has been done on this species, but little is known about genetic population subdivision among populations of the widely dispersed Mississippian lineage. We used 3,173 single nucleotide polymorphisms in 508 lake whitefish from 22 different lakes to examine population structure across central Canada and the United States. Bayesian clustering, ordination, and fixation indices identified population subdivision that largely reflected geographic distance and hydrological connectivity, with greater differentiation between lakes that are farther apart. Population subdivision was hierarchical, with greater differentiation between Canadian provinces and less differentiation based on river basins within provincial boundaries. Interestingly, isolation by distance alone was not sufficient to account for all of the observed genetic differentiation among populations. We conclude that important components of lake whitefish genetic diversity are present at different spatial scales, and that populations within the Mississippian lineage have differentiated widely across their range.
Design of Power, Area and Delay Optimized Direct Digital Synthesizer Using Modified 32-Bit Square Root Carry Select Adder
Authors: Ganna Raju , Saxena Shanky , Patel Govind Singh
Published: June 2022

Improved speed, reduced delay, reduced size and reduced power are the most important requirements of integrated circuits. The carry select adder (CSA) is one of the most important adders in most data processors for performing arithmetic operations. The speed of parallel adders can be enhanced CSA, which widens the area to speed and eliminates propagation delays. The major problem faced in CSA is inefficient area due to the usage of multiple pairs of Ripple carry adders (RCAs) for generating the sums and carry. This research paper proposes the modified 32-bit square root carry select adder (MSCSLA) to improve the direct digital synthesizer’s performance (DDS). DDS plays an effective role in the digital system due to its ability of broad frequency generation. Phase accumulator is the main component in the DDS synthesizer, where the speed of the adder is enhanced through MSCSLA. The general square root CSA still consumes more power due to the assembly of more RCAs. Hence, in the proposed approach, certain sets of RCAs are replaced with BEC1 (Binary to excess 1 convertor) to improve the speed and reduce the delay of the adder. Finally, the continuous sinusoidal waveform is attained by attenuating the high-frequency components by adopting a low pass filter. The entire structure of DDS is designed using Xilinx Verilog coding. The Simulation result shows better outcomes in terms of area, delay, power, and high performance in the DDS synthesizer compared to the existing CSAs. When compared to the existing adders, the area occupied by the proposed MSCSLA model is attained to be 636[Formula: see text][Formula: see text]m2, the power is achieved as 50.125[Formula: see text][Formula: see text]W and delay is attained to be 1.280[Formula: see text]ns, which are comparatively less. When comparing delay and maximum frequency with the existing techniques, the proposed model obtained minimum delay and maximum frequency. The overall power consumption by the proposed model is also attained to be lower than the existing techniques.
NEW SOLITON SOLUTIONS IN NANO-FIBERS WITH SPACE-TIME FRACTIONAL DERIVATIVES
Authors: MATHANARANJAN THILAGARAJAH , VIJAYAKUMAR DAYALINI
Published: June 2022

The conformable space-time fractional perturbed nonlinear Schrödinger equation (PNLSE) having three different laws of nonlinearity namely, Kerr law, parabolic law, and power law is considered in this paper. The PNLSE is a nonlinear model which arises in nano-fibers. An efficient technique called the exp[Formula: see text]-expansion method is utilized to construct some new soliton solutions of the considered model. As a result, dark, singular, rational and periodic solitary wave solutions are obtained. For the special choice of parameters, the 3D, 2D and contour surfaces of the reported solutions are plotted.
Statistical Approach to Study the Relationship Between Stock Market Indexes by Multiple DCCA Cross-Correlation Coefficient
Authors: Zebende G. F. , Aguiar L. C. , Ferreira Paulo , Guedes E. F.
Published: June 2022

In this paper, we propose to analyze multiple cross-correlation between six stock market indexes (Dow Jones Industrial Average, Nasdaq Composite, DAX Performance, FTSE 100, S&P/TSX Composite and Nikkei 225) based on the multiple detrended cross-correlation coefficient, [Formula: see text]. Due to its importance and long existence, we will have as the base index, acting as dependent variable, the Dow Jones Industrial Average, which will be compared with the other five indexes in all possible combinations. In addition to calculating the [Formula: see text] for all combinations with Dow Jones, we will also infer the relative strength of each index in relation to the whole, and this will be done here through an unprecedented map of relative strength. With this map it will be possible to verify that the Nikkei 225 index has less weight for all time-scales and also all combinations, and that there is better distribution in the Nasdaq and DAX combination. Finally, we present more possibilities for this application throughout the paper.
Multidimensional Scaling Clustering Based on Weighted-Permutation Patterns and Symmetrical Kullback–Leibler Divergence
Authors: Shang Du , Shang Pengjian
Published: June 2022

In this paper, the symmetrical Kullback–Leibler divergence is proposed to capture the dynamical features of various complex time series more accurately. The symmetrical Kullback–Leibler divergence is modified from the Kullback–Leibler divergence to make it possess the properties of a normal distance measure. A new multidimensional scaling (MDS) method with the proposed symmetrical Kullback–Leibler divergence is established, which is an efficient clustering and visualization technique. The proposed method also includes the probability distribution of the weighted-permutation patterns, which not only provides a modified time series quantification process with more possible patterns, but also facilitates the reduction of error when extracting the hidden information from time series. The upper and lower bounds of the proposed divergence are also presented. Through simulation and reality-based data experiments, it is affirmed that the MDS based on this novel dissimilarity measure is capable of presenting more distinctive and rational clustering results by comparing it with the MDS methods based on conventional dissimilarities.
On k-cost effective domination in the corona and lexicographic product of graphs and its variant
Authors: Palco Jesrael B. , Paluga Rolando N. , Malacas Gina A.
Published: June 2022

In this paper, we characterized the [Formula: see text]-cost effective dominating sets in the corona and lexicographic product of graphs. Further, we give some formulas for the corona of graphs and upper bound for the lexicographic product of graphs.
Porosity-dependent buckling analysis of elastically supported FGM sandwich plate via new tangent HSDT: A meshfree approach
Authors: Kumar Rahul , Jain Anand , Singh Mahendra , Singh Jigyasa , Singh Jeeoot
Published: June 2022

In this paper, new tangent shape function-based higher-order transverse shear deformation theory (NTHSDT) is proposed to compute the buckling behavior of the elastically supported functionally graded material (FGM) sandwich plates under porous medium. The proposed theory is found to be variationally consistent and fulfills the zero traction boundary conditions on the bottom and top layer without a shear correction factor. The material properties are presumed to be graded in the thickness direction as characterized by a modified power law distribution in terms of volume fraction of constituents. The governing equations are derived using Hamilton’s Principle. A strong form of solution discretizes the governing equations by employing a thin plate spline radial basis function-based collocation (TSRBFC) method. The proposed theory is efficient, reliable, and is in close agreement with the results in the literature. Comparison studies show that the NTHSDT is more accurate than other plate theories and is simple in analyzing buckling behavior. A parametric study is done to examine the effects of grading index, porosity index, sandwich schemes, aspect ratio, side-to-length thickness ratio and foundation stiffness.
Engineering geomorphological reconnaissance of the December 2018 Waimata Valley mud volcano eruption, Gisborne, New Zealand
Authors: Leighton Alex , Brook Martin S. , Cave Murry , Rowe Michael C. , Stanley Alec , Tunnicliffe Jon F.
Published: June 2022

Gisborne (North Island, NZ) is affected by rainfall-induced landslides, earthquakes and tsunami, as well as mud volcanoes (MVs). The latter form via upward mobilization of Eocene–age sediments, and have not been studied from an engineering geological standpoint, so the 15 December 2018 Waimata Valley MV eruption provided a unique opportunity. The event erupted
c.
16 900 m
3
of mud, forming an elevated vent area, and three mudflows propagating north, east and south. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) identified smectite as the dominant clay in the Sr-rich mud, and Atterberg limits indicate high plasticity. In-situ testing using dynamic cone penetrometer and shear vane (3–168 kPa) revealed wide variability in strength properties with depth, while ring shear values are 11.3–13.5°. A fault extends NW beneath the Waimata Valley MV, coinciding with the pre-existing Arakihi Road MV. The Waimata Valley MV area was subject to uplift and cracking during the September 2016 Te Araroa earthquake (

M
w

7.1), which caused increased activity at pre-existing mud volcanoes at that time. Geodetic data for the Gisborne district shows an uplift phase culminating around the December 15 2018 MV eruption, followed by the commencement of a Hikurangi subduction zone ‘slow slip event’. Nevertheless, relationships between tectonics and MV eruptions remain equivocal.
Climate Impacts on Natural Capital: Consequences for the Social Cost of Carbon
Authors: Bastien-Olvera Bernardo A. , Moore Frances C.
Published: June 2022

The effects of climate change on natural systems will be substantial, widespread, and likely irreversible. Warmer temperatures and changing precipitation patterns have already contributed to forest dieback and pushed some species toward extinction. Natural systems contribute to human welfare both as an input to the production of consumption goods and through the provision of nonuse values (i.e., existence and bequest values). But because they are often unpriced, it can be difficult to constrain these benefits. Understanding how climate change effects on the natural capital stock affect human well-being, and therefore the social cost of carbon (SCC), requires understanding not just the biophysical effects of climate change but also the particular role they play in supporting human welfare. This article reviews a range of topics from natural capital accounting through climate change economics important for quantifying the ecological costs of climate change and integrating these costs into SCC calculations.
Eye Movements as a Window into Decision-Making
Authors: Spering Miriam
Published: June 2022

For over 100 years, eye movements have been studied and used as indicators of human sensory and cognitive functions. This review evaluates how eye movements contribute to our understanding of the processes that underlie decision-making. Eye movement metrics signify the visual and task contexts in which information is accumulated and weighed. They indicate the efficiency with which we evaluate the instructions for decision tasks, the timing and duration of decision formation, the expected reward associated with a decision, the accuracy of the decision outcome, and our ability to predict and feel confident about a decision. Because of their continuous nature, eye movements provide an exciting opportunity to probe decision processes noninvasively in real time.