bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Financial statement analysis of logistics service providers: ways of enhancing performance
Authors: Hofmann Erik , Lampe Kerstin
Published: May 2013

Purpose

– Despite the relevance of financial information relating to logistics service providers (LSPs), recent research has paid little attention to the financial analysis of LSPs. The aim of this paper is to examine the balance sheet structure of LSPs in order to find out if there are differences between single providers or defined LSP groups (clusters), respectively. Furthermore, the dependency of asset, capital and liquidity structures on LSPs specific characteristics is pointed out. Finally, we show which financial indicators positively influence profitability.

Design/methodology/approach

– A total of 150 quoted LSPs from all over the world, allocated to six different clusters depending on scope of service were examined. A detailed balance sheet analysis using contingency theory, complemented by a correlation analysis, provides information about the financial structure, similarities and differences within and in-between the LSP clusters.

Findings

– It was found that there are many differences regarding the financial structures of LSPs. The asset and liquidity structure of LSPs show significant differences, while the capital structure is mostly homogeneous. Profitability is achieved in various ways: Focusing on high net profit margin or asset turnover rates.

Research limitations/implications

– Only quoted LSPs are analyzed. With this broad research approach the authors point out the range of possibilities for financial statement analysis of LSPs and demonstrate the potential for future research.

Practical implications

– Financial analysis yields information for making strategic decisions including organic growth, outsourcing, mergers and acquisitions or cooperation between LSPs.

Originality/value

– This paper contributes to further performance examinations of LSPs by providing a profound financial statement analysis with potential benefits for logistics executives, analysts and researchers.
Partner management – managing service partnerships in the supply chain – a systemic perspective
Authors: Zybell Uwe
Published: May 2013

Purpose

The purpose of the research is to shed light on the question of how elements of a partnership system interact to provide a basis for an enhanced performance management framework.

Design/methodology/approach

A structured literature review is followed by a longitudinal case study (action research), which combines qualitative and quantitative analyses. Observations over time, documents such as contracts, joint agreements, meeting agendas and minutes, personal conversations and in‐depth interviews were mainly used, with quantitative measurement of operational and relational performance. For an in‐depth analysis of interdependencies, a systemic perspective based on an interaction analysis of relevant elements of the partner management system was adopted.

Findings

The paper draws upon real‐life data from service partnerships in the automotive industry. Combining a longitudinal multi‐dyadic approach with action‐based research makes it a unique opportunity to reveal insights into the development of performance‐based partnerships. The paper illustrates enablers, limitations, and conflicting circumstances in partnering highlighting the role of incentives and derives propositions for a comprehensive framework for a performance‐oriented partner management.

Research limitations/implications

Owing to the limited number of case studies, this research is considered mainly exploratory. The presented case study is an essentially illustrative example of the implementation and development of performance‐oriented partnerships. The insights provide a better and deeper understanding of the dynamics of forming partnerships in reality, especially limitations and pertinent expectations regarding performance management in partnerships. There remains a need for further research for success‐related dimensions and antecedents of partnering concepts in a general industry approach.

Originality/value

The paper draws upon real‐life data from service partnerships in the automotive industry. Combining a longitudinal multi‐dyadic approach with action‐based research makes it a unique opportunity to reveal insights into the development of performance‐based partnerships. The paper illustrates enablers, limitations, and conflicting circumstances in partnering highlighting the role of incentives and derives propositions for a comprehensive framework for a performance‐oriented partner management.
Performance‐based logistics: a portfolio for contracting military supply
Authors: Glas Andreas , Hofmann Erik , Eßig Michael
Published: May 2013

Purpose

The purpose of this research is to analyse military logistics providing a decision support instrument for contracting in defence supply chains.

Design/methodology/approach

This instrument – the Performance‐Based Logistics (PBL) portfolio – is developed following the contingency approach. Qualitative interviews and illustrative examples from Germany, Austria and Switzerland are used to validate the portfolio.

Findings

The proposed portfolio examines a military demand in respect of its required effectiveness (robustness and resilience), and the suppliers' ability to influence efficiency (forecast and supply risk). In combination, the contingencies are used to recommend three alternative types of PBL contracting.

Research limitations/implications

This paper is based on conceptual work with illustrative case examples. Therefore, although the authors believe that the PBL portfolio provides useful guidance for further research, the empirical applicability of this instrument must be proven.

Originality/value

The research on PBL is gaining importance, but still there remains a deficiency of theoretical grounding and management instruments. This study is a first approach to use the contingency framework for developing such an instrument. The value of the PBL portfolio lies in supporting normative decision making for contracting military supply.
Neutralizing workplace bullying: the buffering effects of contextual factors
Authors: Cooper‐Thomas Helena , Gardner Dianne , O'Driscoll Michael , Catley Bevan , Bentley Tim , Trenberth Linda
Published: May 2013

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to examine the direct and buffering effects of three workplace contextual factors – constructive leadership, perceived organizational support, and organizational anti‐bullying initiatives – on bullying and its relationships with relevant criteria. Further, the paper aims to investigate the effectiveness of organizational initiatives against bullying as perceived by targets and non‐targets.

Design/methodology/approach

Data were collected from 727 employees in nine New Zealand healthcare organizations. Of these, 133 employees were classified as bullied, as they had experienced at least two negative acts per week over the last six months.

Findings

Correlations revealed negative relationships between the three contextual work factors and bullying. Moderated regression showed that perceived organizational support buffered the relationship of bullying with self‐rated job performance, and that organizational initiatives against bullying buffered the relationship of bullying with both wellbeing and organizational commitment. Targets consistently gave lower ratings than non‐targets of the effectiveness of organizational initiatives to address bullying.

Originality/value

There is scant research on workplace factors that may reduce bullying and buffer its negative effects. This paper makes an original contribution in providing evidence of the importance of three contextual factors, and of buffering effects for perceived organizational support and organizational initiatives against bullying.
Clinical and imaging features of male breast disease, with pathological correlation: A pictorial essay
Authors: Ng Angeline Mei Lian , Dissanayake Deepthi , Metcalf Cecily , Wylie Elizabeth
Published: May 2013

The majority of male breast diseases are benign. The most common is gynaecomastia. Although it is rare, the most critical diagnosis is a malignancy. Radiologists are generally less familiar with breast disease in males compared with females. This pictorial review will highlight the ultrasonographic, mammographic and pathological features of a spectrum of benign and malignant male breast diseases. This includes gynaecomastia, fat necrosis, lipoma, epidermoid cyst, subareolar abscess, chronic inflammation, melanoma and ductal carcinoma.
Vietnamese Economy at the Crossroads: New Doi Moi for Sustained Growth
Authors: Tran Van Tho
Published: May 2013

Thanks to doi moi, Vietnam was successful in escaping the poverty trap and emerged as a lower middle‐income country in the late 2000s. From that time, however, the Vietnamese economy entered a new phase, which has been characterized by slow growth, weak international competitiveness, and macroeconomic instability. Apart from short‐term problems associated with the management of increasing foreign capital, the major factors accounting for the difficulties of Vietnam's current economic phase can be attributed to the Vietnamese style of the gradualist strategy of transition from a planned to a market economy, which protects state‐owned enterprises, and consequently to the failure to respond to the rapid rise of China. For further industrialization and sustained growth, Vietnam should embrace a new doi moi that follows the efficient type of gradualist strategy, with a special focus on new reforms of state‐owned enterprises and a policy that promotes the country' s dynamic comparative advantage.
Future Saudi doctors and cancer patients agree cancer patients should be informed about their cancer
Authors: Al‐Amri Ali M
Published: May 2013

Aim

To compare attitudes of Saudi medical students and Saudi cancer patients towards disclosure of cancer information and to examine whether differences exist between students and patients, level of education or gender and region of residence.

Methods

Data were collected from 384 students and 368 patients using a nine‐question questionnaire on attitudes to cancer.

Results

Almost all patients (98%) wanted to receive all the information should they get cancer compared with 93% of students (P = 0.001) and almost no patients and students wanted the information hidden (99 vs 98%, P = 0.273). If they became ill students were more likely to share information with their family and friends than patients. Fewer than 2% of patients did not want to know the benefits of chemotherapy compared to 3% of students, while 99% of patients wanted to know the side‐effects compared to 93% of students (P = 0.095 and P = 0.001, respectively). Almost all patients and students (99 vs 98%) would refuse treatment without knowing their diagnosis (P = 0.401). Patients wanted to know the prognosis more than students (98 vs 92%; P = 0.001). In all, 99% of male students wanted their cancer diagnosis disclosed compared with women (98%; P = 0.615). Gender, education level, regions and age did not affect the desire of cancer patients to know their prognosis (P = 0.275, P = 0.664, P = 0.0314 and P = 0.164, respectively).

Conclusion

There was a consensus among cancer patients and medical students that cancer information, including diagnosis, treatment effects and prognosis, should be disclosed to patients.
Speed of spinal vs general anaesthesia for category‐1 caesarean section: a simulation and clinical observation‐based study
Authors: Kathirgamanathan A. , Douglas M. J. , Tyler J. , Saran S. , Gunka V. , Preston R. , Kliffer P.
Published: May 2013

Controversy exists as to whether effective spinal anaesthesia can be achieved as quickly as general anaesthesia for a category‐1 caesarean section. Sixteen consultants and three fellows in obstetric anaesthesia were timed performing spinal and general anaesthesia for category‐1 caesarean section on a simulator. The simulation time commenced upon entry of the anaesthetist into the operating theatre and finished for the spinal anaesthetic at the end of intrathecal injection and for the general anaesthetic when the anaesthetist was happy for surgery to start. In the second clinical part of the study, the time from intrathecal administration to ‘adequate surgical anaesthesia’ (defined as adequate for start of a category‐1 caesarean section) was estimated in 100 elective (category‐4) caesarean sections. The median (IQR [range]) times (min:s) for spinal procedure, onset of spinal block and general anaesthesia were 2:56 (2:32 ‐ 3:32 [1:22 ‐ 3:50]), 5:56 (4:23 ‐ 7:39 [2:9 ‐ 13:32]) and 1:56 (1:39 ‐ 2:9 [1:13 ‐ 3:12]), respectively. The limiting factor in urgent spinal anaesthesia is the unpredictable time needed for adequate surgical block to develop.
Investigating the role of computer‐supported annotation in problem‐solving‐based teaching: An empirical study of a Scratch programming pedagogy
Authors: Su Addison Y. S. , Yang Stephen J. H. , Hwang Wu‐Yuin , Huang Chester S. J. , Tern Ming‐Yu
Published: May 2013

For more than 2 years, Scratch programming has been taught in Taiwanese elementary schools. However, past studies have shown that it is difficult to find appropriate learning methods or tools to boost students’ Scratch programming performance. This inability to readily identify tutoring tools has become one of the primary challenges addressed in Scratch programming studies. To cope with this problem, we propose an innovative approach, which combines an Annotation‐based Scratch Programming (ASP) tool with the problem‐solving‐based teaching approach in Scratch programming pedagogy. The ASP tool was developed to enable students to create, review and share Scratch programming and homework annotations. In a quasi‐experimental study, we have evaluated Scratch programming pedagogy at a North Taiwanese elementary school to investigate the effects of instructional‐tools‐supported programming instructional modes on Scratch programming performance. The experimental results show that students who received ASP tool support in conjunction with a problem‐solving‐based teaching approach performed significantly better than the other groups. Based on our findings, the innovative approach was believed to play an important role in improving the learning patterns of younger pupils. Therefore, we suggest that teachers consider incorporating the innovative method into their teaching environments in order to boost students’ learning achievements in the area of Scratch programming and the subsequent learning process.
Women are more sensitive than men to prior trial events on the Stop‐signal task
Authors: Thakkar Katharine N. , Congdon Eliza , Poldrack Russell A. , Sabb Fred W. , London Edythe D. , Cannon Tyrone D. , Bilder Robert M.
Published: May 2013

Sexual dimorphism in the brain and cognition is a topic of widespread interest. Many studies of sex differences have focused on visuospatial and verbal abilities, but few studies have investigated sex differences in executive functions. We examined two key components of executive function – response inhibition and response monitoring – in healthy men (n = 285) and women (n = 346) performing the Stop‐signal task. In this task, participants are required to make a key press to a stimulus, unless a tone is presented at some delay following the initial stimulus presentation; on these infrequent trials, participants are instructed to inhibit their planned response. Response inhibition was assessed with an estimate of the latency needed to inhibit a response (stop‐signal reaction time), and response monitoring was measured by calculating the degree to which participants adjusted their reaction times based on the immediately preceding trial (e.g., speeding following correct trials and slowing following errors). There were no sex differences in overall accuracy or response inhibition, but women showed greater sensitivity to trial history. Women sped up more than men following correct ‘Go’ trials, and slowed down more than men following errors. These small but statistically significant effects (Cohen's d = 0.25–0.3) suggest more flexible adjustments in speed–accuracy trade‐offs in women and greater cognitive flexibility associated with the responsive control of action.
The Younger Dryas in the English Lake District: reconciling geomorphological evidence with numerical model outputs
Authors: Brown Victoria H. , Evans David J. A. , Vieli Andreas , Evans Ian S.
Published: May 2013

The geomorphology of the south‐western and central Lake District, England is used to reconstruct the mountain palaeoglaciology pertaining to the Lateglacial and Younger Dryas. Limitations to previous ice‐mass reconstructions and consequent palaeoclimatic inferences include: (i) the use of static (steady‐state) glacier reconstructions, (ii) the assumption of a single‐stage Younger Dryas advance, (iii) greatly varying ice‐volume estimates, (iv) inexplicable spatial variations in ELA (Equilibrium Line Altitude), and (v) a lack of robust extent chronology. Here we present geomorphological mapping based on aerial photography and the NextMap Britain Digital Elevation Model, checked by ground survey. Former glacier extents were inferred and ELAs were calculated using the Balance Ratio method of Osmaston. Independently, a time‐dependant 2‐D ice‐flow model was forced by a regional ELA history that was scaled to the GRIP record. This provided a dynamic reconstruction of a mountain ice field that allowed for non‐steady‐state glacier evolution. Fluctuations in climate during the Younger Dryas resulted in multiple glacial advance positions that show agreement with the location of mapped moraines, and may further explain some of the ELA variations found in previous local and static reconstructions. Modelling based on the GRIP record predicts three phases: an initial maximum extent, a middle minor advance or stillstand, and a pronounced but less extensive final advance. The comparisons find that the reconstructions derived from geomorphological evidence are effective representations of steady‐state glacier geometries, but we do propose different extents for some glaciers and, in particular, a large former glacier in Upper Eskdale.
Association between Helicobacter pylori infection and the risk of colorectal neoplasia: a systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Wu Q. , Yang Z.‐P. , Xu P. , Gao L.‐C. , Fan D.‐M.
Published: May 2013

Aim

The existing evidence on the relationship between Helicobacter pylori infection and the risk of colorectal neoplasia is inconsistent. We conducted a systematic review with a meta‐analysis to explore this relationship and to determine whether the relationship varies according to the study characteristics.

Method

We searched the PubMed database and the reference lists of pertinent articles published up to July 2012. Summary odds ratios (ORs) with their 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were estimated using a random‐effects model.

Results

Twenty‐seven studies including 3792 cases of colorectal adenoma (CRA) and 3488 cases of colorectal cancer (CRC) were identified. Overall, H. pylori infection was associated with an increased risk of CRA (OR = 1.66, 95% CI 1.39–1.97, I2 = 54.3%) and CRC (OR = 1.39, 95% CI 1.18–1.64, I2 = 35.8%), although there was significant heterogeneity among the studies. Subgroup analysis revealed that the positive correlation did not differ by sex, geographic variation or subsite of neoplasia, but might vary by the method of detection of H. pylori. The study was underpowered to determine the risk of colorectal neoplasia associated with cytotoxin‐associated gene A‐positive H. pylori.

Conclusion

This meta‐analysis demonstrates a positive association between H. pylori infection and the risk of colorectal neoplasia.
Alcohol use in pregnancy: Prevalence and predictors in the Longitudinal Study of Australian Children
Authors: Hutchinson Delyse , Moore Elizabeth A. , Breen Courtney , Burns Lucy , Mattick Richard P.
Published: May 2013

Introduction and Aims

This study aimed to estimate the prevalence and describe the patterns of alcohol use during pregnancy among Australian mothers. The study also aimed to examine the characteristics associated with alcohol use in pregnancy.

Design and Methods

Data comprised two representative samples of families (infant cohort = 5107 parents of 0‐ to 1‐year‐olds; child cohort = 4983 parents of 4‐ to 5‐year‐olds) from the 2005 Longitudinal Study of Australian Children.

Results

Alcohol use in pregnancy was reported by 37.6% of mothers of infants aged 0–1 years and 27.6% of mothers of children aged 4–5 years. The majority of women reported low level/occasional use of alcohol but, when extrapolated to population level, this equates to 131 250 children in these two age groups exposed to alcohol in utero, with over 1000 children exposed to alcohol most days and an estimated 671 infants exposed to three or more drinks per occasion. Among mothers of infants, alcohol use in pregnancy was associated with increasing maternal age, higher education, greater economic advantage and fewer physical health problems in pregnancy. Among mothers of children, maternal drinking in pregnancy was associated with increasing maternal age and smoking in pregnancy.

Discussion and Conclusions

Alcohol use during pregnancy is common with around one‐third of all mothers reporting use. Most women reported only occasional use, and among those who were asked, consumed one standard drink on average per occasion. Significant numbers were exposed to three or more drinks on one occasion or to alcohol most days while in utero. National guidelines recommend abstinence as no ‘safe’ threshold has been determined. Public health campaigns are needed to educate pregnant women regarding national guidelines. [Hutchinson D, Moore EA, Breen C, Burns L, Mattick RP. Alcohol use in pregnancy: Prevalence and predictors in the Longitudinal Study of Australian Children. Drug Alcohol Rev 2013;32:475–482]
Sharing stories: Indigenous alcohol and other drug workers' well‐being, stress and burnout
Authors: Roche Ann M. , Duraisingam Vinita , Trifonoff Allan , Battams Samantha , Freeman Toby , Tovell Amanda , Weetra Donna , Bates Nancy
Published: May 2013

Background

Indigenous alcohol and other drug (AOD) workers' roles are often exhausting, poorly paid and under‐recognised. There has been relatively little examination of work‐related stressors on their health and well‐being. This national study identified Indigenous AOD workers' experiences and perspectives on well‐being, stress and burnout along with strategies to improve worker well‐being.

Methods.

Focus groups were conducted with 121 participants (70 Indigenous, 20 non‐Indigenous, 31 unspecified) from metropolitan, rural and remote locations around Australia, selected via a purposive sampling strategy. Audio files and interview notes were analysed to identify key themes.

Results

Main themes identified included excessive workloads, extensive demands and expectations, workers' proximity to communities, loss and grief issues, lack of recognition, inadequate rewards, stigma and racism, and Indigenous ways of working. Stressors were compounded by workers' complex personal circumstances, profound levels of loss and grief, and lack of culturally safe working environments.

Discussion and Conclusion

Indigenous workers' stress was exacerbated by close links and responsibilities to their communities and a ‘dual accountability’, being constantly on call, playing multiple roles, complex personal and professional lives, and needing to interact with multiple agencies. Many Indigenous AOD workers had developed mechanisms to deal with work‐related pressures and received valued support from their communities. The study identified the importance of workforce strategies to improve Indigenous workers' well‐being and reduce stress, including: mutual support networks, training in assertiveness and boundary setting, workloads that take account of Indigenous ways of working, adequate remuneration, supervision and mentorship, and cultural sensitivity training for non‐Indigenous workers. [Roche AM, Duraisingam V, Trifonoff A, Battams S, Freeman T, Tovell A, Weetra D, Bates N. Sharing stories: Indigenous alcohol and other drug workers' well‐being, stress and burnout. Drug Alcohol Rev 2013;32:527–535]
The Arab Spring and its Surprises
Authors: Bayat Asef
Published: May 2013

The occurrence, speed and spread of the ‘Arab revolutions’ took almost everyone by surprise, including the protagonists. But the real surprise lies, this essay suggests, not in how or why these revolutions came to fruition; it rather lies in revolutions’ particular attributes — their ideological orientations and political trajectories. The essay discusses the revolutions’ key (unexpected) characteristics, arguing that the Arab uprisings occurred in new ideological times.
From ‘Popcorn’ to ‘Occupy’: Protest in Durban, South Africa
Authors: Mottiar Shauna
Published: May 2013

Durban has a long tradition of activism and the creation of participatory spaces. The Umlazi Occupy is one example. In 2012 some 3,000 residents of Umlazi township ‘occupied’ the area outside the municipal councillor's office for the period of a month. The reasons behind the Occupy protest included demands for better services and higher levels of political accountability. This contribution examines the Umlazi Occupy with a focus on the nature of post‐2010 activism and its key actors.
Sleep disorders in children with traumatic brain injury: a case of serious neglect
Authors: Stores Gregory , Stores Rachel
Published: May 2013

Aim

The aim of this study was to review the basic aspects of sleep disturbance in children with traumatic brain injury (TBI).

Method

A search was performed on reports of sleep disturbances in children who had suffered TBI. Adults with TBI were also considered to anticipate the nature and significance of such disturbances in younger patients. Types of reported sleep disturbance were noted and their possible aetiology and management considered.

Results

Sleep disturbance has consistently been associated with TBI but the literature suggests that this aspect of patient care is often inadequately considered and there has been little research on the subject, especially in relation to children. Excessive daytime sleepiness is often mentioned, less so insomnia and parasomnias, but there is little information about the specific sleep disorders underlying these problems.

Interpretation

Sleep disorders with potentially important developmental consequences have been neglected in the care of children with TBI. Screening for sleep problems should be routine and followed, if indicated, by a detailed diagnosis of the child's underlying specific sleep disorder, the possible aetiology of which includes neuropathology and potential medical, psychological, or psychiatric comorbidities. Appropriate assessments and modern treatment options are now well defined although generally underutilized. Further well‐designed research is needed for which guidelines are available.
Beyond climate change attribution in conservation and ecological research
Authors: Parmesan Camille , Burrows Michael T. , Duarte Carlos M. , Poloczanska Elvira S. , Richardson Anthony J. , Schoeman David S. , Singer Michael C.
Published: May 2013

There is increasing pressure from policymakers for ecologists to generate more detailed ‘attribution’ analyses aimed at quantitatively estimating relative contributions of different driving forces, including anthropogenic climate change (ACC), to observed biological changes. Here, we argue that this approach is not productive for ecological studies. Global meta‐analyses of diverse species, regions and ecosystems have already given us ‘very high confidence’ [sensu Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC)] that ACC has impacted wild species in a general sense. Further, for well‐studied species or systems, synthesis of experiments and models with long‐term observations has given us similarly high confidence that they have been impacted by regional climate change (regardless of its cause). However, the role of greenhouse gases in driving these impacts has not been estimated quantitatively. Should this be an ecological research priority? We argue that development of quantitative ecological models for this purpose faces several impediments, particularly the existence of strong, non‐additive interactions among different external factors. However, even with current understanding of impacts of global warming, there are myriad climate change adaptation options already developed in the literature that could be, and in fact are being, implemented now.
Predicting multiple sclerosis following isolated optic neuritis in children
Authors: Heussinger N. , Kontopantelis E. , Rompel O. , Paulides M. , Trollmann R.
Published: May 2013

Background and purpose

Isolated optic neuritis (ON) is frequently the initial symptom of multiple sclerosis (MS). The aim of our study was to investigate the risk of conversion to MS in children following isolated ON and to evaluate the performance of current diagnostic methods such as cranial magnetic resonance imaging (cMRI), visual evoked potentials (VEPs) and oligoclonal bands in spinal fluid (OCB) as predictive factors for MS development.

Methods

Medical records of 159 patients presenting with acute ON between 2000 and 2010 at the Department of Pediatrics, University of Erlangen, were screened; 34 patients with isolated ON were identified. Progression to MS was defined according to the revised McDonald criteria 2005. Age, sex, VEPs, ON type, cMRI, OCB and visual recovery were assessed as predictors of progression to MS using simple logistic regressions. A multiple logistic regression model included variables found to be significant in univariate analyses.

Results

Abnormal cMRI was associated with an increase in the odds of MS development (odds ratio 20.57; 95% CI 2.16–196.10, P < 0.001), as was positive OCB (odds ratio 12.0; 95% CI 1.29–111.32, P = 0.001). However, only cMRI remained statistically significant in multiple regressions.

Conclusions

Multiple sclerosis‐like cMRI lesions and OCB are suitable for assessing the risk of progression to MS following isolated ON, as children with both cMRI abnormalities and positive OCB at onset of ON are at high risk of developing MS.
ANO5‐muscular dystrophy: clinical, pathological and molecular findings
Authors: Liewluck T. , Winder T. L. , Dimberg E. L. , Crum B. A. , Heppelmann C. J. , Wang Y. , Bergen H. R. , Milone M.
Published: May 2013

Background and purpose

Anoctamin 5 (ANO5) is a putative intracellular calcium‐activated chloride channel. Recessive mutations in ANO5 cause primary skeletal muscle disorders (limb‐girdle muscular dystrophy 2L and distal muscular dystrophy), which are phenotypically similar to dysferlinopathy, a muscular dystrophy due to dysferlin‐encoding gene (DYSF) mutations.

Methods

This study reports the phenotype and genotype of seven unrelated patients with ANO5‐muscular dystrophy.

Results

Three patients had amyloid deposition in muscle and two had cardiac involvement. An additional patient without skeletal muscle amyloidosis had cardiac involvement with septal hypokinesis and supraventricular tachycardia requiring ablation. Amyloid subtyping using laser capture microdissection and mass spectrometry‐based proteomic analysis did not identify ANO5 or any fragment of ANO5 in the amyloid deposits, but detected other known amyloidogenic proteins. Three patients had myotonic discharges without clinical myotonia. Four ANO5 mutations are novel, including a heterozygous 0.4 Mb deletion involving the entire ANO5 gene.

Conclusions

The results of the present study suggest that ANO5 mutations can be associated with amyloid deposition in muscle, but the nature of the amyloid deposits remains indeterminate, as does their relationship with cardiac involvement. ANO5 analysis should be considered in cases of muscle amyloid deposition of indeterminate etiology. Electrical myotonia can accompany ANO5‐muscular dystrophy.
A novel pedigree with familial cortical myoclonic tremor and epilepsy (FCMTE): Clinical characterization, refinement of the FCMTE2 locus, and confirmation of a founder haplotype
Authors: Licchetta Laura , Pippucci Tommaso , Bisulli Francesca , Cantalupo Gaetano , Magini Pamela , Alvisi Lara , Baldassari Sara , Martinelli Paolo , Naldi Ilaria , Vanni Nicola , Liguori Rocco , Seri Marco , Tinuper Paolo
Published: May 2013

Purpose

We describe the clinical, neurophysiologic, and genetic features of a new, large family with familial cortical myoclonic tremor and epilepsy (FCMTE).

Methods

Reliable clinical information was obtained on the 127 members. Thirty‐one collaborative individuals were assessed by a detailed clinical interview and a complete neurologic examination. A polygraphic study was conducted in 15 patients, back‐averaging analysis and somatosensory evoked potentials with C‐reflex study in four. The genetic study investigated 30 subjects with microsatellite markers at three loci on chromosomes 8q (FCMTE1), 2p (FCMTE2), and 5p (FCMTE3).

Key Findings

The pedigree included 25 affected members (M/F: 9/16). We studied 16 of the 19 living affected members (M/F: 5/11; mean age 47.8 years). Cortical myoclonic tremor (CMT) was associated with generalized seizures in 10 patients (62.5%). The mean age at onset of CMT and seizures was 28.1 and 33.8 years, respectively. Four patients (25%) reported a slow progression of CMT, with severe gait impairment in one. Psychiatric disorders of variable severity recurred in 37.5% of cases. Rhythmic bursts at 7–15 Hz were recorded in all 11 affected members tested. Additional neurophysiologic investigations disclosed a cortical origin of myoclonus in all patients tested. Generalized epileptiform discharges were recorded in 25% of cases, and a photoparoxysmal response in 31%. Genetic analysis established linkage to the FCMTE2 locus on chromosome 2p11.1‐2q12.2 (OMIM 607876) and narrowed the critical interval to a 10.4 Mb segment. Haplotype analysis in the present family identified a founder haplotype identical to that previously observed in families from the same geographic area.

Significance

This study confirms evidence of a founder effect in Italian families and reduces the number of positional candidate genes in the FCMTE2 locus to 59, thereby contributing to future gene identification by Next Generation Sequencing approaches.
Comprehensive evaluation of the psychosocial parameters of epilepsy: A representative population‐based study in Prey Veng (Cambodia)
Authors: Bhalla Devender , Chea Kimly , Chamroeun Hun , Vichea Chan , Huc Pierre , Samleng Chan , Sebbag Robert , Gérard Daniel , Dumas Michel , Oum Sophal , Druet‐Cabanac Michel , Preux Pierre‐Marie
Published: May 2013

Purpose

We conducted a population‐based study of epilepsy in Prey Veng (Cambodia) to explore self‐esteem, fear, discrimination, knowledge–attitude–practice (KAP), social‐support, stigma, coping strategies, seizure‐provoking factors, and patient‐derived factors associated with quality of life (QOL).

Methods

The results are based on a cohort of 96 cases and matched controls (n = 192), randomly selected from the same source population. Various questionnaires were developed and validated for internal consistency (by split‐half, Spearman‐Brown prophecy, Kuder‐Richardson 20), content clarity and soundness. Summary, descriptive statistics, classical tests of hypothesis were conducted. Uncorrected chi‐square was used. Group comparison was done to determine statistically significant factors, for each domain, by conducting logistic regression; 95% confidence interval (CI) with 5% (two‐sided) statistical significance was used.

Key Findings

All questionnaires had high internal consistency. Stress was relevant in 14.0% cases, concealment in 6.2%, denial in 8.3%, negative feelings in public in 3.0%. Mean self‐esteem was 7.5, range 0–8, related to seizure frequency. Mean discrimination was least during social interactions. Coping strategies were positive (e.g. look for treatment). Postictal headache, anger, no nearby health facility, etc. were associated with QOL.

Significance

The reliability of our questionnaires was high. A positive social environment was noted with many infrequent social and personal prejudices. Not all populations should (by default) be considered as stigmatized or equipped with poor KAP. We addressed themes that have been incompletely evaluated, and our approach could therefore become a model for other projects.
A comprehensive behavioral evaluation in the lithium–pilocarpine model in rats: Effects of carisbamate administration during status epilepticus
Authors: Faure Jean‐Baptiste , Akimana Gladys , Carneiro José E. M. , Cosquer Brigitte , Ferrandon Arielle , Geiger Karin , Koning Estelle , Penazzi Lorène , Cassel Jean‐Christophe , Nehlig Astrid
Published: May 2013

Purpose

Administration of carisbamate during status epilepticus (SE) prevents the occurrence of motor seizures in the lithium–pilocarpine model and leads in a subpopulation of rats to spike‐and‐wave discharges characteristic of absence epilepsy. Widespread neuroprotection accompanied this change in seizure expression. To assess whether these carisbamate‐induced changes affected comorbidity, we used a large battery of behavioral tests in rats that had developed temporal lobe or absence‐like seizures.

Methods

Lithium–pilocarpine or saline was administered to 60 adult rats. Carisbamate (90 mg/kg) or diazepam and saline was given 1 h after SE onset, and repeated 8 h later and twice daily over 6 more days. Rats were video‐monitored for 2 months. Subsequently, locomotor activity, anxiety, and various types of memory were assessed.

Key Findings

In rats with motor seizures, treated or not with carisbamate, all features of behavior were impaired compared to controls. Rats exhibiting absence‐like seizures after carisbamate treatment behaved as controls in all paradigms tested along with widespread neuroprotection.

Significance

Carisbamate treatment leading to absence‐like instead of temporal lobe seizures impressively prevented behavioral comorbidities reported by patients with epilepsy as the most disabling.
Using existing landscape data to assess the ecological potential of Miscanthus cultivation in a marginal landscape
Authors: Harvolk Sarah , Kornatz Peter , Otte Annette , Simmering Dietmar
Published: May 2013

Marginal landscapes often feature high biodiversity that is threatened by either intensification or land abandonment. This is particularly the case in mountainous regions with diverse environmental conditions and a mosaic of land use. Frequently, the use of marginal or set‐aside farmland for biofuel crops is proposed to meet the increasing demand for biofuels, but avoid conflicts with food production. Potential ecological effects of enhanced bioenergy production in diverse landscapes are, however, still controversial, and a proper assessment requires the consideration of local and regional specifics. We used a yield prediction model to determine the potential yield of Miscanthus on individual fields in a small municipality. Widely available spatial data, conclusions drawn from literature, and local landscape planning data were used to assess the potential ecological effects of Miscanthus cultivation. The specific landscape planning data for the study area provided detailed information on conservation values and land‐use‐related functional deficits. All information was used to classify each field by suitability for Miscanthus production, considering biodiversity, soil erosion, and landscape structure. A subsequent field‐level and landscape‐level evaluation of the potential Miscanthus yields in the suitability classes revealed that overall yield would not be reduced if ecological restrictions were considered and only ‘suitable’ or ‘recommended’ fields were selected for Miscanthus cultivation. Instead of defining one threshold value for an ‘optimal’ amount of Miscanthus in a landscape, we developed different scenarios for increasing amounts of Miscanthus. Our scenario maps and recommendations can be used in regional planning processes as the basis for discussions with stakeholders. The methods applied in our case study combine economic and ecological approaches, are based on existing data and methods, and allow effective evaluation of the sustainable landscape potential of an energy crop at a scale relevant for biodiversity conservation and landscape planning.
4E‐BP1 regulates the differentiation of white adipose tissue
Authors: Tsukiyama‐Kohara Kyoko , Katsume Asao , Kimura Kazuhiro , Saito Masayuki , Kohara Michinori
Published: May 2013

4E Binding protein 1 (4E‐BP1) suppresses translation initiation. The absence of 4E‐BP1 drastically reduces the amount of adipose tissue in mice. To address the role of 4E‐BP1 in adipocyte differentiation, we characterized 4E‐BP1−/− mice in this study. The lack of 4E‐BP1 decreased the amount of white adipose tissue and increased the amount of brown adipose tissue. In 4E‐BP1−/− MEF cells, PPARγ coactivator 1 alpha (PGC‐1α) expression increased and exogenous 4E‐BP1 expression suppressed PGC‐1α expression. The level of 4E‐BP1 expression was higher in white adipocytes than in brown adipocytes and showed significantly greater up‐regulation in white adipocytes than in brown adipocytes during preadipocyte differentiation into mature adipocytes. The amount of PGC‐1α was consistently higher in HB cells (a brown preadipocyte cell line) than in HW cells (a white preadipocyte cell line) during differentiation. Moreover, the ectopic over‐expression of 4E‐BP1 suppressed PGC‐1α expression in white adipocytes, but not in brown adipocytes. Thus, the results of our study indicate that 4E‐BP1 may suppress brown adipocyte differentiation and PGC‐1α expression in white adipose tissues.
Cutaneous sarcoidosis in a chronic hepatitis C patient receiving pegylated interferon and ribavirin therapy
Authors: Joshita Satoru , Shirahata Kumiko , Yazaki Yoshikazu , Okaniwa Shinji , Nakamura Yoshiyuki , Kimura Takefumi , Noami Sugiko , Horigome Reiko , Yagi Hikaru , Ito Nobuo , Yamazaki Asami , Akahane Yuki , Umemura Takeji , Yoshizawa Kaname , Tanaka Eiji , Ota Masao
Published: May 2013

A 61‐year‐old Japanese woman suffered from a small, painful, subcutaneous nodule on the sole of her foot that was 10 mm across in diameter during pegylated interferon (PEG IFN) and ribavirin (RBV) combination therapy for chronic hepatitis C. Skin biopsy revealed multiple non‐caseating granulomas composed of epithelioid histiocytes with multinucleate giant cells, which was consistent with sarcoidosis. Ophthalmologic examination revealed uveitis. Thoracic computed tomography (CT) showed multiple bilateral hilar lymphadenopathies and a diffuse micronodular interstitial pattern of the lungs. Genetic analysis indicated a probable homozygous haplotype of A*02:01‐C*15:02‐B*51:01‐DRB1*16:02‐DQB1*05:02 in human leukocyte antigen regions. The patient was observed carefully without any additional medication because no significant systemic symptoms were noted. Combination therapy was continued for 2 months afterwards. She was asymptomatic for over 3 years of follow up, and repeated hematological and biological investigations and chest CT showed improvement. In conclusion, clinicians should bear sarcoidosis in mind as a complication during PEG IFN and RBV combination therapy. They should also be aware of the usually good prognosis of PEG IFN‐induced cutaneous sarcoidosis in order not to prematurely discontinue a treatment necessary for liver disease; maintenance of PEG IFN treatment may be advised with careful follow up.
Hepatoportal sclerosis (obliterative portal venopathy) and nodular regenerative hyperplasia in a patient with myasthenia gravis: A case report and review of the published work
Authors: Agrawal Manasi , Rahmani Rabin , Nakkala Kiran , Fiel Maria Isabel , Schiano Thomas
Published: May 2013

Nodular regenerative hyperplasia (NRH) and hepatoportal sclerosis, also known as obliterative portal venopathy (OPV), are two causes of non‐cirrhotic portal hypertension (NCPH). NCPH is an increasingly recognized entity that can be seen in association with collagen vascular diseases and with the use of medications such as azathioprine and didanosine, but oftentimes the etiology remains unidentified. We herein report a case of NCPH occurring due to OPV and NRH in a 64‐year‐old woman with myasthenia gravis (MG), status post‐thymectomy. Portal hypertension was diagnosed incidentally on computed tomography in the absence of predisposing factors. Extensive work‐up to determine the etiology of any underlying liver disease was unrevealing. NRH and OPV were identified on liver biopsy. Subsequently, the patient had variceal bleeding that necessitated transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt placement. A few similar cases of NCPH occurring in the setting of MG have been previously reported, suggesting that the immunological mechanisms involved in the pathogenesis of myasthenia may also have contributed to the development of NCPH.
Grocers' window displays: The eclipse of a British tradition
Authors: Kinney Dave , Lyon Phil
Published: May 2013

By reference to period retailing narratives, this paper examines the changed significance of shop window displays for British grocers with the transition from counter‐based to self‐service from the late 1940s to the 1960s. The ‘well‐dressed’ window showing a selection of goods and price offers became an early casualty of changed retail practices. Opportunities presented by self‐service for comprehensive stock displays and in‐store promotion proved a decisive challenge to the art of the grocer's window display. These displays had been ubiquitous; large and small shops alike tried to impress passers‐by with examples of their stock range. Self‐service shops had different internal space requirements and soon it was more important that potential customers could see the well‐stocked aisles and activity within.
Understanding consumers' online conversation practices in the context of convenience food
Authors: Närvänen Elina , Saarijärvi Hannu , Simanainen Olli
Published: May 2013

The area of convenience food has become an insightful context for studying consumption because it is full of tensions and contradictions. This context has attracted an ample amount of research on buying motivations, consumer attitudes and preferences. However, the practices of consuming convenience food have remained a rather unexplored area of research. The purpose of this study is to identify and dissect consumers' online conversation practices related to convenience food. Consequently, the study uses a practice theoretical approach to analyse consumers' online conversations about the topic. Three different categories and nine different practices within them are identified. The practices are further dissected to reveal their tension‐increasing and tension‐relieving characteristics. Finally, the article draws conclusions regarding practice theory and convenience food consumption.