bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Changing Character of Chinese Urbanization: 2000 - 2021
Authors: Chen Wei-Qiang , Song Lulu , Lobo Jose , Bettencourt Luis
Published: February 2025

The scale and pace of urbanization in China over the past few decades is one of the most significant transformations of any human society in history. However, studying urbanization in China encounters an empirical difficulty common to many urban systems: Are there spatial units corresponding to cities as spaces of socioeconomic interaction? To address this question and analyze the transformation of Chinese cities and China’s urban system over the last few decades, we analyze a rich set of data comprising of 297 Chinese Prefecture-level Cities (PLCs) from 2000 to 2021. Our analysis fills a number of important gaps by carefully considering the difference in scaling effects result from using total versus registered population, and full PLCs definitions compared to their restriction to Urban Districts (UDs). Our results show that PLCs as well as their UDs exhibit scaling effects when measured with resident population. PLCs have become better urban units of analysis, characterizing functional cities in similar ways to other urban systems, especially after 2015. Their scaling exponents for GDP are also somewhat closer to theory than those obtained in UDs. The substantial redistribution of the population, with a growing concentration in larger and coastal cities and urban districts resulting in the scaling behavior. The future of Chinese urbanization is that these trends will intensify, leading to continued stronger growth of larger cities and relative population decline of many small and more rural places.
Examining the interplay between air pollution, surface vegetation cover, and stroke prevalence in East Africa: An ecological perspective
Authors: Baharane Valérien , Borisovich Shatalov Andrey , Larionov Maxim Viktorovich , Igwe Emmanuel
Published: February 2025

This study examines the impact of PM2.5, SO2, O3, CO, and surface greenness on stroke-related mortality rates in East Africa. Results showed a positive correlation between air pollutants of PM2.5 and SO2 with stroke prevalence, and a negative association between Enhanced Vegetation Index (EVI) and stroke fatality prevalence. The linear regression model showed that an increase of 10% in EVI could lead to the reduction of stroke-related deaths by 845.57 ± 295.96 deaths per 100,000 persons. Also, a 1 µg/m3 increase of PM2.5 and SO2 concentrations predicted a corresponding increase of stroke-related death by 3.06 ± 1.25 and 139.28 ± 64.33 deaths per 100,000 persons, respectively. Furthermore, the analysis of the influence of these environmental variables on the prevalence of mortality attributable to stroke by age groups showed its rise with age, both in intensity and statistical significance. For instance, a rise of 10% in EVI predicted the reduction of the stroke-related death rate by 9.18 ± 6.45 and 2133.93 ± 701.07 deaths per 100,000 persons in the age groups of 20–29 and 70–79 years old, respectively. A rise in 1 µg/m3 of PM2.5 and SO2 is expected to trigger the mortality incident rise from 0.05 ± 0.03 to 7.77 ± 3.01 and 4.28 ± 1.40 to 426.21 ± 152.38 deaths per 100,000 persons in respective age groups of 20–29 and 70–79 years. The exposure to CO and O3 did not demonstrate a significant effect on the stroke-related death rate in the region for the period of the study.
SUANPAN: Scalable Photonic Linear Vector Machine
Authors: Feng Xue , Yang Ziyue , Li Chen , Ran Yuqia , Li Yongzhuo , Cui Kaiyu , Liu Fang , Sun Hao , Zhang Wei , Ye Yu , Qiao Fei , Wang Jiaxing , Ning Cun-Zheng , J.Chang-Hasnain Connie , Huang Yidong
Published: February 2025

Photonics is promising to handle extensive vector multiplications in artificial intelligence (AI) techniques due to natural bosonic parallelism and high-speed information transmission. However, the dimensionality of current photonic linear operation is limited and tough to improve due to the complex beam-interaction for implementing optical matrix operation and digital-analog conversions. Here, we propose a programmable and reconfigurable photonic linear vector machine with extreme scalability formed by a series of emitter-detector pairs as the independent basic computing units. The elemental values of two high-dimensional vectors are prepared on emitter-detector pairs by bit encoding and analog detecting method without requiring large-scale analog-to-digital converter or digital-to-analog converter arrays. Since there is no interaction among light beams inside, extreme scalability could be achieved by simply multiplicating the independent emitter-detector pair. The proposed architecture is inspired by the traditional Chinese Suanpan or abacus, and thus is denoted as photonic SUANPAN. Experimentally, the computing fidelities for vector inner products could achieve > 98% in our implemented SUANPAN with an 8×8 vertical cavity surface emission laser (VCSEL) array and an 8×8 MoTe2 two-dimensional material photodetector array. Furthermore, SUANPAN is applied on two typical AI tasks as 1024-dimensional optimization problem is successfully solved and competitive classification accuracy of 88% is achieved for handwritten digit dataset. We believe that the photonic SUANPAN could serve as a fundamental linear vector machine and enhance various future AI applications.
Clot formation, structure, and fibrinolysis of pancreatic cancer patients
Authors: Risman Rebecca A , Milman Noam , Sinan Hajer , Tutwiler Valerie
Published: February 2025

Background: Pancreatic cancer (PC) has the highest risk of venous thromboembolisms amongst all cancer types. If not degraded through a process known as fibrinolysis, thrombi will continue to restrict blood flow and the transport of nutrients to downstream organs, which can lead to heart attack or stroke. While PC patients are known to be hypercoagulable and thus have an elevated thrombosis risk, the mechanism behind this behavior is not fully understood.
Aims: We aimed to characterize alterations in clotting and fibrinolytic profiles in PC patients compared to healthy controls.
Methods: Human blood plasma was collected from PC patients and healthy donor controls following institutional review board approval. We used kinetic turbidity to define the rates/timing of blood clot formation/degradation. Confocal and scanning electron microscopy were used to probe the effect PC has on fibrin network structure. Concentrations of proteins for clotting/fibrinolytic pathways were measured using ELISAs.
Results: PC patients were hypercoagulable compared to healthy donors with heightened fibrinogen concentration. A subset of patients were hypofibrinolytic, while most had similar fibrinolytic profiles to healthy. A comprehensive analysis revealed that delayed lysis in this subset was only present in patients with diabetes and/or COVID-19 due delayed clotting and, notably, elevated plasminogen activator inhibitor (PAI-1). In the general PC population, an extended PTT correlated with thicker fiber diameters while faster clotting resulted in smaller network pore size but was not correlated with lysis rate. Healthy, pooled plasma spiked with relevant concentrations of PAI-1 showed no difference in clot structure and comparable delays in lysis to patients.
Conclusion: PAI-1, rather than network structure or other clotting/fibrinolytic factors, played a more significant role in hypofibrinolysis. PAI-1 inhibitors could be a prospective target for development of improved therapeutics to prevent restricted fibrinolysis.
How Interaction with Parents Affects Children's Mathematical Informal Learning and Verbal Skills
Authors: Lee Na-Eun , Sarkar Biswajit
Published: February 2025

Informal learning, characterized by unstructured, incidental, and everyday learning activities, shapes children's academic performance. This study leverages the Early Childhood Longitudinal Study, ECLS-K dataset, a nationally representative sample of U.S. kindergartners, to examine the relationship between parental engagement in informal learning activities and children's academic accomplishment. This study utilized data visualization to investigate tendencies of children’s scores based on each demographic and interaction factor. Further, the study attempts to apply XB-Boost which can analyze large-scale data and uncover complex, non-linear relationships. This study explores the potential of using AI methods to identify contributions of parental interaction with their children and demographic factors.
Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma Originated in Thyroglossal Duct Cyst: Case Report
Authors: García-Cabra Damaris Areli , Ortega-Roman Oscar Alejandro , Carreón-Nava Karla Pamela , Juan Erick Rueda-Don
Published: February 2025

Purpose: The Thyroglossal Duct Cyst (TDC) is the most prevalent congenital developmental anomaly in the neck, nevertheless, papillary carcinoma emerging from thyroglossal cyst (TGDC) represents an exceptional finding, and the associated appearance with Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma (PTC) is even more uncommon. The clinical presentation is usually almost identical from a benign lesion and the postoperative histopathological study defines the diagnosis. However, its surgical management and follow-up is still debatable because there is no standard consensus for this. The aim of this work is to describe a case of papillary thyroid carcinoma which arise in a histopathological confirmed thyroglossal duct cyst, associated with papillary thyroid carcinoma of different histological variant, an infrequent condition.
Methods and Results: This is a case report of papillary thyroid carcinoma emerging from thyroglossal duct cyst, with clinical and imaging attribute of thyroglossal duct cyst, offering surgical management with Sistrunk Procedure (SP) with histopathological result of classical variant of PTC, with invasion to capsule wall. Cabinet tests in the absence of abnormal anatomical findings in thyroid gland, being considered an aspirant for total thyroidectomy (TT) in a second stage, with result of follicular variant of PTC.
Conclusion: TGDC is unusual and is commonly detected after surgery. Due to its almost indistinguishable presentation from benign pathology, it constitutes a defiance for the surgeon, being SP the first therapeutic step, in some cases it is fulfill with TT and ablative therapy with radioiodine, nevertheless, there are no systematize recommendations concerning to the surgical therapeutic outcome and its follow-up.
Design, construction, and deployment of a multi-locus transcranial magnetic stimulation system for clinical use
Authors: Sinisalo Heikki , Kahilakoski Olli-Pekka , Souza Victor H. , Nieminen Jaakko O. , Rantala Robin , Tommila Timo , Usuga Isabel , Laine Mikael , Ahola Oskari , Gallegos Eva , Kozák Gábor , Vetter David Emanuel , Rissanen Ilkka , Jooß Andreas , Matsuda Renan , Soto Ana M. , Li Dezhou , Humaidan Dania , Stenroos Matti , Roine Timo , Kičić Dubravko , Ziemann Ulf , Ilmoniemi Risto J.
Published: February 2025

Background:Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) is an established method for noninvasive brain stimulation, used for investigating and treating brain disorders. Recently, multi-locus TMS (mTMS) has expanded the capabilities of TMS by employing an array of overlapping stimulation coils, enabling delivery of stimulation pulses at different cortical locations without physical coil movement. We aimed to design, construct, and deploy an mTMS device and a five-coil array for clinical environment, emphasizing safety of the system.
Methods: Our mTMS device is controlled by a field-programmable gate array (FPGA). The power electronics comprises five stimulation channels, each consisting of a high-voltage capacitor connected to a pulse circuit, controlling a single coil in the array. The device contains custom-designed circuit boards, with functions such as monitoring the system state, reporting errors, and delivering pulses. Our design utilizes redundancy in both hardware and firmware to ensure robust operation and safety. We performed an automated motor mapping test to verify the electronic targeting capabilities of the device.
Results: We constructed the mTMS device and deployed it to the Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research (Tübingen, Germany). Compared to our earlier prototype, the new design improves patient and operator safety. The motor mapping test confirmed that our device can accurately target stimulation pulses in the cortex.
Significance:mTMS or other similar technologies are currently not available for hospital use. The present device and its installation are major steps toward establishing multicoil TMS as an accessible clinical tool for investigation and treatment of the brain.
Experimental investigation of effects of nano-fluid usage on cooling in machining
Authors: BİLEN Kemal , KIZILKAYA Hakan Zafer , GÜLDAŞ Abdulmecit
Published: February 2025

Usage of nano-fluids in machining is gaining popularity due to their improved thermo-physical properties. Studies show that adding nano-particles like Al2O3, MWCNT or TiO2 to fluids enhances their density, viscosity, and thermal conductivity. This experimental study examines the effects of adding these nano-particles in concentrations of 0.5%, 1%, and 1.5% to the boron oil-water mixture. This study was conducted in three stages: preparation of nano-fluids, measurement of their thermo-physical properties, and machining experiments with Ti-6Al-4V material. The findings of the study revealed that while increasing nano-particles concentration consistently raised the fluid density at 24.5°C but it did not have similar effect on dynamic viscosity and thermal conductivity, which decreased after 1% concentration due to non-conformity of fluid form such as precipitation and sedimentation. Moreover, using nano-fluids reduced tool-workpiece interface temperature notably. Adding MWCNT nano-particle with the concentration of 0.5% reduced the cutting tool-workpiece interface temperature by about 18%. However, higher concentrations led to increasing in interface temperature and deteriorating in surface roughness because of deposit formation. Using MWCNT nano-particle with the concentration of 0.5% improved surface roughness by approximately 25%. The study concluded that nano-fluids provide desired machining improvements only at optimal concentrations, while excessive nano-particle concentrations fail to obtain the expected benefits thanks to SEM images of used cutting inserts.
Investigation of Strouhal number effect on acoustic fields
Authors: Marzouk Osama A.
Published: February 2025

Understanding how jet flows respond to aerodynamic excitation helps constructing better understanding of the physical aspects of the problem. Also, this might lead to ideas and active techniques to control the induced noise. There are several approaches for noise computations, with different levels of accuracy and computational cost. In this study, we numerically simulate the acoustic field generated from supersonic axisymmetric jet flow. Aerodynamic excitation, or forced oscillatory flow signal, is introduced around the nozzle exit with different Strouhal numbers (nondimensional frequencies) below and above the critical value. Then, the acoustic fields are predicted at these different excitations by integrating the governing equations of the fluctuations. The adopted approach is very efficient in suppressing any spurious waves, except little oscillations during the transient development of the acoustic field at low Strouhal number. The effect of the Strouhal number on the acoustic field is investigated. Big differences in the acoustic fields exist between these cases. Theses differences are highlighted and discussed.
WHEN ANTICOAGULANTS LEAD TO A RESPIRATORY THREAT: A RARE ANTICOAGULANT-INDUCED SUBMANDIBULAR HEMATOMA CASE
Authors:   Chu Ibn Sina Rabat, Hopital des Specialites, Rabat, MAROC Rue Lamfadel Cherkaoui, Rabat - Institut B.P 6527, Maroc., Oussalem A. , Anagam M. ,   Chu Ibn Sina Rabat, Hopital des Specialites, Rabat, MAROC Rue Lamfadel Cherkaoui, Rabat - Institut B.P 6527, Maroc., Bouksirat M. ,   Chu Ibn Sina Rabat, Hopital des Specialites, Rabat, MAROC Rue Lamfadel Cherkaoui, Rabat - Institut B.P 6527, Maroc., Dani B. ,   Chu Ibn Sina Rabat, Hopital des Specialites, Rabat, MAROC Rue Lamfadel Cherkaoui, Rabat - Institut B.P 6527, Maroc., Boulaadas M. ,   Chu Ibn Sina Rabat, Hopital des Specialites, Rabat, MAROC Rue Lamfadel Cherkaoui, Rabat - Institut B.P 6527, Maroc.
Published: February 2025

Submandibular floor hematomas are rare but potentially life-threatening complications, often linked to anticoagulant therapy, coagulation disorders, trauma, or dental interventions. Spontaneous idiopathic hematomas, sometimes attributed to severe hypertension, have also been reported. We present the case of a 62-year-old woman with a history of mitral valve replacement and atrial fibrillation, treated with oral anticoagulants (Sintrom), who developed an idiopathic submandibular hematoma. The patient, who also had hypertension and diabetes, presented with a significant swelling in the floor of the mouth, causing elevation of the tongue, mild respiratory discomfort, dysphagia, and dysphonia. There was no clear trigger for the hematoma. Immediate management included oxygen therapy, antibiotics, and a comprehensive hemostatic workup, with consultation from cardiology and intensive care. Despite the severity of the hematoma, a tracheostomy was not required, in contrast to other cases reported in the literature where airway compromise necessitated more invasive interventions. This case underscores the importance of prompt recognition and multidisciplinary management of such rare complications, as well as the role of anticoagulant therapy in increasing the risk of severe hemorrhagic events.
Rabies in the texts of Mesopotamian cultures: medical-historical analysis
Authors: MAŁYSZEK AGATA , JANECZEK MACIEJ
Published: February 2025

Rabies is an infectious disease that has been known to humans for thousands of years. It was first mentioned in Mesopotamian sources. Rabies is mentioned in legal codes, private correspondences, medical literature and prophetic texts. It has been seen that dog bites are the cause of disease in humans and humans, and symptoms in both dogs and those bitten have been described. The result of being bitten by a rabid dog was described as death.
Effects of pepper waste and capsaıcın-based commercıal feed addıtıves on growth performance, egg productıon, and qualıty ın japanese quaıls
Authors: SARAÇOĞLU MEHMET , YURTSEVEN SABRİ , YALÇİN HAMZA , DURĞUN ÖZLEM
Published: February 2025

This study aimed to investigate the effects of diets containing different levels of hot pepper waste and capsaicin-based commercial feed additives (ID Phyt Capcin) on the growth performance, carcass characteristics, blood parameters, and egg production of Japanese quails (Coturnix japonica). The research lasted for a total of 9 weeks, consisting of a 6-week feeding period and a 3-week laying period. The subjects were divided into seven groups, including a control group. Hot pepper waste (HPW) and ID phyt capcin (ID) groups were supplemented with feed additives at levels of 2.5%, 5%, and 7.5%, respectively. The results showed that at the end of the first 3 weeks, the 7.5% HPW group exhibited the highest live weight (BW) (P < 0.05), indicating a positive effect on growth. However, at week 6, no significant difference in BW was observed among the groups (P > 0.05). Body weight gain (BWG) was highest in the 7.5% HPW group during the T1 period (P < 0.05), but in the T2 period, the 2.5% ID and 5% ID groups demonstrated superior BWG (P < 0.05). Daily feed intake (DFI) results revealed that the highest consumption occurred in the 5% and 7.5% HPW groups during the T1 period (P < 0.05), while the lowest consumption was recorded in the 5% ID group. However, no significant differences in DFI were found among the groups during the T2 and T3 periods (P > 0.05). Feed conversion ratio (FCR) results showed significant differences between groups in all periods (P < 0.05). The 5% ID groups consistently exhibited the best feed efficiency (P < 0.05), while the 7.5% HPW group demonstrated lower feed efficiency in the T2 and T3 periods. Carcass and internal organ measurements indicated that HPW increased the gizzard weight (P < 0.05) but significantly reduced heart and spleen weights (P < 0.05). Blood parameters showed that triglyceride (TG) levels decreased in the HPW groups (P < 0.05), while these levels remained higher in the ID groups (P < 0.05). Regarding egg production, the highest production rate was recorded in the 7.5% ID group (P < 0.05), while egg yolk color was significantly superior in the HPW groups (P < 0.05). No significant differences were found among the groups for other egg quality parameters, such as shell thickness, Haugh unit, and hatchability (P > 0.05). These findings suggest that the type and dosage of feed additives can lead to varying effects. HPW positively influenced yolk color and feed intake, while ID enhanced feed conversion efficiency. The study emphasizes that the optimal use of capsaicin-based additives can improve performance and quality, although their long-term effects require further investigation.
Long-term spatiotemporal assessment of water quality in the Karun River, Southern Iran: a novel Python-based approach for rapid processing
Authors: Arabameri Amirreza , Emamgholizadeh Samad , Chaplot Barkha , Zallaghi Ebrahim
Published: February 2025

The present study aims to streamline the long-term spatiotemporal river water quality assessment and forecasting utilizing three intuitive Python-based modules: (1) Python toolbox for scalable Outlier Detection (PyOD) to classify significant deviations from the expected water quality norms (outliers), (2) Statsmodels to decompose the river time series data into its trend, seasonal, and residual components, and (3) Automatic Time Series forecasting model (AutoTS) to forecast (and compare) the future water quality state of the Karun River (the case study) in Southern Iran. The findings indicate that the outlier elimination has a remarkable impact on the outcomes of the Karun time series data analysis. Additionally, a significant increase in total dissolved solids (TDS) concentrations and a cyclic pattern were discernable in the decomposed time series. Furthermore, the water quality values were found to be clustered around the median of their datasets. Based on the forecasting validation metrics, the proposed automated forecasting model was found to be promising in predicting the future water quality state of the river.
A Correlation between Sequential Organ Failure Assessment Scores and Biomarkers of Inflammation and Infection in Patients with Sepsis
Authors: Fu Zhiwei , Xin Weiwei , Zhang Shutao , Jiao Juyang , Qu Xinhua , Yue Bing
Published: February 2025

Background:

Sepsis has a high mortality rate. While early diagnosis is crucial,
there are no effective inflammatory or infectious markers for the diagnosis and prediction
of sepsis.

Objective:

The present study aimed to establish a correlation between inflammatory and
infectious markers and the severity of sepsis at a genetic and cross-sectional level.

Methods:

Using transcriptomic and clinical data from the GEO and Dryad databases, we
analyzed the expression of eight indicators of inflammatory infection, as well as their diagnostic
efficacy. Additionally, we investigated the correlation between eight plasma
biomarkers and the Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA) score in sepsis.

Results:

Angiotensin II (Ang-2), fractalkine, interleukin-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1ra),
pentraxin 3 (PTX-3), and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α type 1 receptor (TNFR1) were
up-regulated in sepsis and septic shock. Ang-2, IL-1ra, and PTX-3 had high diagnostic
efficacy in both sepsis and septic shock. They also recruited chemokines to generate inflammatory
storms, thereby exacerbating the progression of sepsis. Finally, we examined
153 adult non-trauma patients enrolled in the University of Pittsburgh Acute
Lung Injury Registry (SOFA score > 2). Ang-2, suppressor of tumorigenicity 2 (ST-2),
fractalkine, IL-1ra, TNFR1, procalcitonin (PCT), and PTX-3, but not C-peptide were significantly
more expressed in the plasma of the severe sepsis group than in the mild sepsis
group. Significant nonlinear correlations were detected between Ang-2, ST-2, IL-1ra,
TNFR1, PCT, and PTX-3 levels and SOFA scores.

result:

Ang-2, fractalkine, IL-1ra, PTX-3, and TNFR1 were up-regulated in sepsis and septic shock. Ang-2, IL-1ra, and PTX-3 had high diagnostic efficacy in both sepsis and septic shock. They also recruited chemokines to generate inflammatory storms, thereby exacerbating the progression of sepsis. Finally, we examined 153 adult non-trauma patients enrolled in the University of Pittsburgh Acute Lung Injury Registry (SOFA score > 2). Ang-2, ST-2, fractalkine, IL-1ra, TNFR1, PCT, and PTX-3, but not C-peptide, were significantly more expressed in the plasma of the severe sepsis group than in the mild sepsis group. Significant nonlinear correlations were detected between Ang-2, ST-2, IL-1ra, TNFR1, PCT, and PTX-3 levels and SOFA scores.

Conclusion:

Our analysis revealed that Ang-2, IL-1ra, and PTX-3 correlated strongly
with septic shock at the gene and protein levels, exhibiting nonlinear associations up to a
certain point. These findings will facilitate the diagnosis and prognosis of septic shock.
Discovery of Selective β-Secretase (BACE-1) Inhibitors by the Solid-Phase Synthesis of Small Molecular-sized Peptides
Authors: Ullah Khair , Almutairi Mikhlid H. , Abbas Muhammad Naseer , Wahab Abdul , Nayab Sundas , Fozia Fozia , Khan Muhammad Asghar , Shah Zafar Ali , Ahmad Ijaz , Almutairi Bader O. , Ziaullah Ziaullah
Published: February 2025

Introduction:

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive neurological disorder for
which no effective cure currently exists. Research has identified β-Secretase (BACE1) as a promising
therapeutic target for the management of AD. BACE1 is involved in the rate-limiting step and
produces toxic amyloid-beta (Aβ) peptides that lead to deposits in the form of amyloid plaques
extracellularly, resulting in AD.

Method:

In this connection, 60 small peptides were evaluated for their in-silico studies to predict
the bonding orientation with BACE1. Next, 5 peptides (12, 20, 21, 51, and 52) were selected based
on high scoring of Vander Waal interactions with the catalytic site of the enzyme.

Results:

The identified hit peptides were synthesized using Solid-Phase Peptide Synthesis (SPPS),
and Electrospray Ionization Mass Spectrometry (ESI-MS) elucidated their structures and 1 1 HNMR
spectroscopy. According to their In-vitro BACE1 inhibitory study, peptides 21 having high
Vander Waal forces showed significant BACE1 inhibition with IC50 = 4.64 ± 0.1μM). Moreover,
the kinetic study revealed that peptide 21 is a mixed-type inhibitor and can interact at the active
site and the allosteric site of BACE1.

Conclusion:

According to the cytotoxicity study, peptide 21 was found to be noncytotoxic at 4.64
μM, 10 μM and 20 μM. The forthcoming target of this study is to evaluate further the effect of
peptide 21 in an in-vivo mice model.
A Review of the Progress in the Diagnosis and Treatment of Pulmonary Sarcomatoid Carcinoma
Authors: Liao Dongying , Liu Jiayu , Jin Qingpeng , Wang Xiaoqun , Wang Na , Jia Yingjie , Kong Fanming
Published: February 2025

Pulmonary sarcomatoid carcinoma（PSC）is a rare pathological type of non-small cell lung cancer that combines the characteristics of epithelial and mesenchymal tu-mors and is an extremely malignant and highly heterogeneous malignant tumor. PSC is dif-ficult to diagnose and has a poor sensitivity to radiotherapy. In recent years, with the effica-cy breakthroughs of molecularly targeted drugs and immune checkpoint inhibitors in tumor therapy, the treatment of PSC is gradually exploring precise targeted therapy and immuno-therapy. In this article, we will provide a comprehensive review of the clinical features, di-agnostic points, and progress in the clinical therapeutic research of PSC. We hope to provide guidance and help with clinical treatment and scientific research.
Leptin Resistance and Cardiometabolic Disorders: Bridging Molecular Pathways, Genetic Variants, and Therapeutic Innovation
Authors: Roy Prashanjit , Kant Rishi , Kaur Amandeep , Kumar Hardik , Kumar Ranjeet
Published: February 2025

Leptin, a hormone produced by fat cells, is crucial for regulating energy equilibrium,
managing body mass, and influencing metabolic and cardiovascular well-being. Leptin decreases
appetite, boosts energy usage, and has a significant impact on glucose metabolism by primarily
activating the JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway in the hypothalamus. Obesity leads to the development
of leptin resistance, which is marked by high levels of leptin in the bloodstream and a
decreased responsiveness to its signals. This leads to increased food consumption, weight gain,
and metabolic issues, such as type 2 diabetes (T2DM) and cardiovascular disease (CVD). This
study explores the many roles of leptin in metabolic regulation, with a specific emphasis on its
interaction with insulin and its impact on peripheral organs like the pancreas, liver, and muscles.
Leptin resistance worsens chronic inflammation, oxidative stress, endothelial dysfunction, and
insulin resistance, all of which are strongly linked to the development of cardiovascular disease
(CVD). Moreover, there is a correlation between genetic variations in the leptin receptor
(LEPR) gene and a higher susceptibility to stroke and other cardiovascular issues. Therapeutic
interventions, such as leptin replacement therapy, have demonstrated potential in the treatment
of congenital leptin insufficiency and lipodystrophy while also enhancing glycaemic control, lipid
profiles, and neuroendocrine function. Recent studies have indicated that manipulating leptin
levels or enhancing its responsiveness by specific treatments, such as chemical chaperones
and inhibitors of negative regulators like SOCS3 and PTP1B, might potentially restore the efficacy
of leptin.
A Bibliometric and Visualization Analysis of Metabolic Reprogramming
in Cardiovascular Diseases: Trends, Key Contributors, and Future
Directions from 2000 to 2024
Authors: Chen Xing , Yang Liu Lin , Li Li Xiang , Deng Yan
Published: February 2025

Background:

Metabolic reprogramming is critical in cardiovascular disease (CVD)
research, affecting a variety of diseases such as myocardial damage, coronary heart disease, and
atherosclerosis, and has also emerged as a therapeutic target. This study conducts a bibliometric
analysis of the past 24 years to identify trends and hotspots in CVD metabolism, aiming to guide
future research and inform policy.

Methods:

This study analyzes publications from January 1, 2000, to October 10, 2024, using the
Web of Science Core Collection database. Tools like CiteSpace, VOSviewer, and SCImago
Graphica were used for co-authorship, keyword, citation, and journal visualizations. Dual-map
overlays and annual publication trends were examined to uncover hotspots, trends, and the progression
of metabolic reprogramming in CVD.

Results:

This study analyzed 765 articles and reviews from 66 countries. The USA had the most
publications, with the University of Milan being the most productive institution. Després, JP's
team in Italy, published the most papers. The International Journal of Molecular Sciences had
the highest publication count, while Cardiovascular Diabetology had the greatest citation impact.
Recent research has mainly focused on the role of immune cell substrate metabolism in
CVD.

Conclusion:

This study reveals the development trend and research characteristics of CVD metabolic
reprogramming over the past 24 years, from the early focus on disease risk factors to the
recent exploration of the transformation of immune cell metabolism. In the future, targeting immune
cell metabolism will drive CVD therapy forward.
Improving Brain Function Experimental Models for the Effectiveness of Bioactive Compound Loaded with Andrographolides in Spatial Learning and Memory
Authors: Paramanick Debashish , Rani K Naga , Singh Vijay Kumar
Published: February 2025

Background:

Globally large numbers of people are suffering from brain disorders for
instance neurodegenerative disorders whereas treatments remain inadequate. The blood-brain barrier (BBB) serves as a major obstacle in transporting active therapeutic agents into the brain.
Herbal medicines have the potency to treat these brain diseases however, it is having some limitations like poor brain permeability, and slow bioavailability.

Objective:

The objective of this study was to assess the neuroprotective effects of Andrographolide-loaded β-cyclodextrin-lactose nanoparticles on spatial learning and memory in experimental models, aiming to enhance cognitive function and brain health.

objective:

The objective of the research was to determine exactly whether Lactose β-Cyclodextrin Nanoparticles (ALN) improved the cognitive abilities of test subjects in terms of spatial learning and memory.

Method:

Swiss Albino mice (25-30 g, 2-3 weeks, both sexes) were sourced from Galgotias University, India (Reg. No. 94090). Andrographolide (AGL), a diterpenoid from Andrographis paniculata, was encapsulated in β-cyclodextrin (β-CD) combined with lactose using the solvent
evaporation method, optimized via Design-Expert software. To improve neuronal uptake, lactose
was added to β-CD using the heating method, confirmed by 1H NMR spectra. The AGL-loaded
β-CD-lactose nanoparticles were characterized for particle size, zeta potential, and entrapment
efficiency, and their effects on brain tissue were assessed biochemically and histopathologically.

Result:

Developed nanoparticles had particle size 247.9 ± 3.2 nm, PDI 0.5 ± 0.02, and zeta potential 26.8 ± 2.5 mV, while entrapment efficacy between 74 ± 0.45% to 82 ± 032% and in-vitro
drug release from the nanoparticles had 79.48 ± 0.74% in 24 hours. TEM analysis showed spherical morphology. Furthermore, Behavioural assay and acute toxicity of nanoparticles were also
analyzed which indicate that nanoparticles can reach into the brain and are safe for further use.

Conclusion:

The lactose-modified β-Cyclodextrin nanoparticles significantly improved the neuroprotective effect of AGL, offering an effective strategy for drug delivery to the brain and potential treatment for neurodegenerative disorders.
Pharmacovigilance - Technological Advancements, Recent Developments and Innovations
Authors: Gomase Virendra S.
Published: February 2025

Pharmacovigilance is an important subject in medicine and healthcare, which aims to
prevent side effects and other drug-related problems by identifying, evaluating, understanding,
and avoiding them. Its main objectives are ensuring that a drug's benefits balance its hazards and
improving patient safety. Within medicine and healthcare, pharmacovigilance is an essential subject
that focuses on identifying, evaluating, comprehending, and preventing side effects or any
other issues associated with drugs. Its main objective is to improve patient safety and ensure a
drug's advantages exceed its drawbacks. Pharmacovigilance has evolved significantly as a result
of technological advancements, enabling more efficient medication, safety monitoring, and management.
The combination of machine learning (ML) with artificial intelligence (AI) for data
analysis, adverse reaction prediction, and signal detection, electronic health records (EHRs), and
mobile health (mHealth) applications have enhanced real-time data collecting and expedited the
reporting of adverse drug reactions (ADRs). Pharmacovigilance plays an important role which
focuses on detecting, assessing, comprehending, and averting adverse medication reactions.
Making sure a drug's advantages outweigh its disadvantages is its main objective to improve patient
safety. Pharmacovigilance, which balances patient safety, efficacy, and regulatory compliance
in clinical trials, is necessary to promote the safe and effective use of drugs.
PDTDAHN: Predicting Drug-Target-Disease Associations using a Heterogeneous Network
Authors: Chen Lei , Li Jingdong
Published: February 2025

Background:

Disease is a major threat to life, and extensive efforts have been made over
the past centuries to develop effective treatments. Identifying drug-disease and disease-target associations
is crucial for therapeutic advancements, whereas drug-target associations facilitate the design
of more effective treatment strategies. However, traditional experimental approaches for identifying
these associations are costly and time-consuming. Numerous computational models have been developed
to predict drug-target, drug-disease, and disease-target associations. However, these models
are designed individually and cannot directly predict drug-target-disease associations, which involve
interconnections among drugs, targets, and diseases. Such triple associations provide deeper insights
into disease mechanisms and therapeutic interventions by capturing high-order associations.

Objective:

This study proposes a computational model named PDTDAHN to predict drug-targetdisease
triple associations.

Method:

Six association types retrieved from public databases are used to construct a heterogeneous
network comprising drugs, targets, and diseases. The network embedding algorithm Mashup is applied
to extract features for drugs, targets, and diseases, which are then combined to represent each
drug-target-disease association. The classification model is trained using LightGBM.

Results:

Cross-validation on eight datasets demonstrates the high performance of PDTDAHN, with
AUROC and AUPR exceeding 0.9. This model outperforms previous models based on pairwise association
predictions.

Conclusion:

The proposed model effectively predicts drug-target-disease triple associations.
Abnormality of Voltage-Gated Sodium Channels in Disease Development of the Nervous System. A Review Article
Authors: Khan Bakhtawar , Khalid Iqbal Muhammad , Khan Hamid , Kiyani Mustafa , Bashir Shahid , Shao Li
Published: February 2025

Sodium channels are necessary for electrical activity in modules of the nervous system.
When such channels fail to work properly, it may cause different neurological diseases. This review
will discuss how particular mutation in these channels leads to different diseases. Positive alterations
can lead to such diseases as epilepsy, or any muscle disorder due to over activation of neurons.
Conversely, loss-of-function mutations may cause heart diseases and problems regarding motor and
mental activity since neurons are not functioning well because of lost machinery. The review would
discuss over familiar channelopathies such as genetic epilepsies, the familial hemiplegic migraine,
and Para myotonia congenital and relatively new interrelations with the complex ailments including
Alzheimer’s, Parkinson’s and multiple sclerosis. Thus, knowledge of these mechanisms is important
in designing specific therapeutic approaches. There is a rationale for altering the sodium channel activity
in the treatment of these neurological disorders by drugs or indeed genetic methods. Thus, the
review is undertaken to provide clear distinctions and discuss the issues related to sodium channel
mutations for the potential development of individualized medicine. The review also gives information
on the function and general distribution of voltage-gated sodium channels (VGSCs), how
their activity is controlled, and what their structure is like. The purpose therefore is to draw understanding
over the apparently multifaceted functions exerted by VGSCs in the nervous system relative
to several diseases. This knowledge is imperative in the attempt to produce treatments for these
disabling disorders.
Psychiatric Care Setting from the Perspective of Psychiatric Nursing Managers
Authors: Vieira Letícia Carvalho , Bocchi Silvia Cristina Mangini , MacPhee Maura , Spiri Wilza Carla
Published: February 2025

Background

Nursing managers are well-positioned to enhance holistic care for patients in psychiatric settings. Managers need to use evidence-based data available to them when making nurse staffing decisions. Patient classification systems can be an excellent source of patients’ priority care needs.

Objective

To understand the meaning of using patient classification systems as a management tool for psychiatric nursing managers.

Methods

Qualitative study with a content analysis methodological framework. Ten nursing managers from psychiatric institutions in the state of São Paulo participated. Data were collected between August 2016 and May 2017 using a semi-structured interview with recorded audio.

Results

The sample consisted of nine women and one man with an average of 14 years’ experience in mental health and seven years of management experience. The psychiatric care setting emerged as a general theme surrounded by four subthemes: current model of decision making, ideal model of decision making, nursing staff dimensioning/staffing, and professional and mental health legislation. Only half of the managers used a patient classification system as a management tool, and there were difficulties associated with their use of the tool.

Conclusion

A conceptual model was developed based on the themes, subthemes, categories, and sub-categories in this study. The model demonstrates major differences between psychiatric settings with biomedical models versus psychosocial models. Managers with knowledge of PCS data can better advocate for patients’ holistic needs and adequate nursing resource allocation. Managers may lack the knowledge and skills required for model transformation, and continuing management/leadership education is recommended.
Spatial Distribution and Determinants of Home Delivery of Women in Rural Ethiopia
Authors: Belay Denekew Bitew , Tilahun Kefale , Birhan Nigussie Adam , Tiku Meskerm , Chen Ding-Geng
Published: February 2025

Introduction

Maternal mortality remains a global public health issue, with 303,000 women dying each year due to childbirth-related complications. In Ethiopia, it is common practice for women to give birth without a healthcare professional’s assistance. This study’s objective is to investigate the spatial variation and factors associated with home delivery among reproductive-age women in rural Ethiopia.

Methods

The study used data from the Ethiopian Mini Demographic and Health Survey 2019. A weighted sample of 4160 reproductive-age women was employed in this study. For spatial analysis, Global Moran’s I and Getis-Ord Gi* analysis was used to detect the presence of clustering and hotspot areas of home delivery respectively. A multilevel logistic regression model was employed to identify factors associated with home delivery. An adjusted odds ratio with a corresponding 95% confidence interval and a p-value of < 0.05 were used to declare statistical significance.

Results

The prevalence of home delivery in rural Ethiopia was 58.72% (95% CI: 57.20, 60.20). The spatial analysis showed the spatial disparities of home delivery across rural Ethiopia (global Moran’s I = 0.525, p-value=0.042). Getis-Ord Gi* analysis identified significant hotspot areas of home delivery in the Somali, Afar, Harari, and Dire Dawa regions. Rich wealth index (AOR = 0.392, 95% CI: 0.316, 0.487), secondary and above education (AOR = 0.297, 95% CI: 0.202, 0.438), household family size 7 and above (AOR= 2.279, 95% CI:1.643, 3.161), multiple births (AOR = 0.429, 95% CI: 0.269, 0.685), community poverty (AOR= 2.084, 95% CI:1.712,2.538) and community illiteracy (AOR= 2.232, 95% CI:1.864,2.674) were significant determinant factors for home delivery.

Conclusion

The proportion of home delivery in rural Ethiopia is still more than fifty percent and the study showed significant spatial disparities across the regions of Ethiopia. Mother’s educational level, parity, religion, family size, type of birth, wealth index, community poverty, and community illiteracy were found to be significant determinants of home delivery. Moreover, a health promotion strategy and public awareness to scale up education, and improving economic status are vital to reduce home delivery in the identified hotspot areas. Considering the finding that the education of women affects the place of delivery, the Ethiopian government with stakeholders should enhance initiatives to improve the educational status of women. Moreover, planners and policymakers should make further efforts to alleviate poverty at the household and community level.
Autism and Suicide: Strategies to Integrate Emerging Evidence in Child and Adolescent Suicide Risk Assessments
Authors: Gupta Mayank , Gupta Nihit , Petti Theodore A.
Published: February 2025

Background:

This narrative review considers implications for the
increasing prevalence of diagnosed autism spectrum disorder (ASD) in clinical
settings. Clinicians and researchers can be guided through an improved
understanding of associated factors increasing the risk for suicidality and suicide
in individuals manifesting symptoms of ASD and high ASD traits (ASDTs).

Methods:

A systematic literature review is supplemented with reverse citations to
ensure updated information. By title and abstract, 456 articles were identified. Of
those, 50 were used initially, and 15 were later added manually or through
reverse citations.

Results:

Higher suicidal thoughts and behaviors (STBs) and suicide rates exist
across the age spectrum in individuals with ASD/high ASDTs compared to
matched comparison groups from the general population. Associated, poorly
understood factors include comorbid psychiatric conditions and suicide risk
factors that overlap with ASD symptoms. Increased risk of STB in higher
functioning ASD is emphasized. Interpersonal conflict and depression are
significant risk factors, as are comorbid borderline personality, bipolar disorder,
anxiety, and obsessive-compulsive disorders.

Conclusion:

Multiple diagnostic challenges are considered that affect appropriate
care to address the increasing incidence of STB and suicide in ASD. This
overview integrates extant knowledge for case formulation and treatment
planning. It provides support for more focused research to improve ASD-related
screening instruments and to address the unique features of ASD-related
psychopathology. Improved training is needed for clinicians in screening and
preventive efforts and to enhance their competence and comfort for addressing
and treating STBs in those with ASDTs and ASD. (N=248).