bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
INVESTIGATING THE EFFECTS OF SOCIAL MEDIA ON THE WELL-BEING OF TEENAGERS
Authors:   Gems First Point School, Dubai, United Arab Emirates, Saraiji Sara
Published: July 2023

There has been a positive association between screen time and depressive symptoms among adolescents. Research has found that using social media will increase self- comparisons especially if the engagement is passive. This would therefore increase the chances of depression and lower well-being. However, after investigating social media further, I found that the results were counter-intuitive and controversial on an individual level, especially for the youth. The objective of this work is to investigate the effect of social media on the well-being of teenagers. For this research paper, I asked many students to refrain from the use of social media for 33 hours and then tested their happiness score before and after. Then, I conducted a t-Test which showed a statistically significant difference in the mean of happiness scores before and after the experiment.
Innovation, telecommuting and public educational libraries: ways to digital transformation in the post-pandemic world of work
Authors:   Instituto Federal da Paraíba, Brandão Jobson , Perucchi Valmira ,   Instituto Federal da Paraíba, Freire Gustavo ,   Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro
Published: July 2023

Introduction: The development of more assertive public policies in libraries, in accordance with the dynamics of telecommuting that are being created, is an essential debate in the field of Information Science. Objective: This article discusses the evolution of public educational libraries in telecommuting to serve a community of professionals who work and communicate in a network. Methodology: Methodologically, the research has an exploratory level, a qualitative approach, developed through bibliographical research and elaborated from the data of a doctoral research that uses the action science method. Results: The results highlight the possibility of innovation through remote work in the federal public service, especially with the advent of Decree 11,072, of May 17, 2022; the opportunity to innovate in the public sector with a promising service performed by public educational libraries at federal institutes; and the inseparability between work and research agendas, as well as between social development and digital transformation. Conclusion: It is concluded that the paths for the digital transformation in the world of work can become even more productive, innovative, profitable and sustainable, when the continuous and adequate investment in library infrastructure that fulfills an educational function and is of a public nature is sought; and in policies that ensure the performance of librarians as agents of innovation in federal institutes.
User Experience: usability analysis of the e-Campo virtual learning environment (EMBRAPA)
Authors:   Universidade Estadual Paulista, Alencar Danila , Martins Paulo ,   Universidade Estadual Paulista, Rodas Cecílio ,   Instituto Federal de São Paulo, Sant'Ana Ricardo ,   Universidade Estadual Paulista
Published: July 2023

Introduction: Users of digital environments have specific characteristics that differ from their social context and the degree of usability of Information and Communication Technologies to access the most different informational platforms, in which such particularities must be considered to meet the informational needs of these individuals and provide a better experience in digital environments. A discipline that proposes to investigate aspects related to user experience in digital environments is User Experience (UX), and from the application of usability techniques it is possible to identify barriers that can affect user interaction. Objective: The present study aims to analyze the usability of Embrapa's e-Campo portal, based on Nielsen's heuristics. Methodology: The methodology adopted in this research is characterized as bibliographic, qualitative analysis and exploratory. Results: In the 10 steps identified, 10 usability problems were found, with the violation of heuristic 4 (Consistency and standards) being the most recurrent. Conclusions: Aspects related to usability were verified that can make it difficult to access the contents available on the portal. Thus, the relevance of the user in the context of studies in the area of ​​Information Science is verified, so that the construction of more interactive systems can be proposed that allow a satisfactory user experience.
Citizen laboratories in the federal universities of Brazil: innovation and social contribution in the citizen science scenario
Authors:   Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Witt Amanda , Umpierre Larissa ,   Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, da Silva Fabiano ,   Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul
Published: July 2023

Introduction: Citizen science favors social participation in scientific processes. This article seeks to investigate the Citizen Laboratories of the Federal Universities of Brazil from the perspective of citizen science. Objective: To map the citizen laboratories subsidized by Federal Universities of Brazil and to analyze their scope of action, in order to understand their role in terms of social innovation and how they promote the participation of citizen scientists. Methodology: It consisted of a survey of the Federal Universities of Brazil through the institutional site of the Ministry of Education, where sixty-four institutions were identified. The next step was to search the institutional site of each one of the mapped Federal Universities using pre-determined search expressions. The parameters used to frame the initiatives as citizen labs were: 1) openness for social participation; 2) possibility to explore and appropriate technologies aimed at social interests; 3) focus on learning; 4) targeting the promotion of social innovations. Results: The research enabled the identification of ten citizen labs in Brazilian Federal Universities, which are aligned with relevant social issues and generate benefits in terms of innovations that can be socially shared. Conclusion: The citizen labs analyzed enable an approximation between the University and society in general, but do not detail how the social contributions of citizen scientists are incorporated into their actions. Initiatives in this direction are still incipient in the country, but they have the potential to boost citizen participation in scientific research.
Regimes of the Parasite: exploring new domains inherent within media formations
Authors: Cree Dylan
Published: July 2023

Viruses are neither alive nor dead, viruses do not grow, however, viruses greatly impact the growth of systems (biological, technological, bio-technological, etc.). Ultimately, the parasite is a confounding agent for how we account for things. That said, motored by technology’s productive potential, the current discourse on media technology largely ignores the structural force of the parasite. Analysis is centered on a device’s own functionality and purpose. Alternatively, I suggest we examine how the parasite is integral to technology. However, instead of the parasitic threat somehow being crucial to a system’s future, I take the parasite’s operations as requiring new investigations into domains of and perspectives on media technology beyond those engendered by instrumentalist discourses. I propose we think media technologies as emergent within the diverse and fracturing regimes of ‘the virus.’ This means analyzing media as discrete formations that possibly deviate from functionalist explanations. More problematically, 'the virus' provokes re-conceiving the kinds of economies and temporal realms in which media takes form.
Contending with the Unthought: Notes on the institution of psychology’s condition of possibility
Authors: Ross Garrett
Published: July 2023

This paper interrogates the assumptive logics of the discourse related to reforming the institution of psychology and argues how an emphasis on improving the moral fiber of its performance obscures, rather than clarifies, a more devastating reality and precludes, rather than engages, an assessment of the ethicality of the field of psychology’s existence. By refusing to provide a strategy for recourse for “what psychology needs to do” to improve itself, this paper interrogates such redemptive assumptions such as “how psychology and psychologists can lead efforts of reconciliation, repair, and healing” that fundamentally obfuscate an ability to think of enslavement comprehensively (i.e., as an irreconcilable antagonism that has no strategy for recourse), and instead engages the reader with the reality that a set of new and difficult questions may emerge at the site of an ethical assessment of the existence of the institution of psychology that exceed any possibility for reform, reconcilability, and/or redemption in the face of the Slave.
Modeling of mixing process of the polymer composition in the dynamic mixer of the worm extruder
Authors: Sivetskyi Volodymyr , Sokolskyi Oleksandr , Malchevskyi Oleksiy
Published: July 2023

Mixing processes play an important role in the processing of polymer materials, because the quality of the mixing of the polymer material depends on its level of homogeneity, which in turn affects the quality of the final product. It is another matter when the polymer material consists of two or more components, in this case, the issue of the process of obtaining a homogeneous polymer composition becomes extremely acute. In order to improve the quality of the final product and justify the design and technological parameters of the mixing zone, it is necessary to investigate the regularity of the quality of mixing in a dynamic mixer of the CTM worm extruder type.

According to existing works on determining the quality of mixing of polymeric material, the difference in concentrations of one of the components in different cross-sections along the length of the channel can be used as a criterion for homogeneity of mixing.

Numerical modeling of the process of mixing the polymer composition in the dynamic mixer installed in the dosing zone of the worm extruder, which is equipped with an additional injection device that supplies the additional component to the dynamic mixing zone through the injection channel located in the body of the worm extruder, was carried out. Calculations were carried out on the basis of the finite element method (FEM) using the ANSYS software complex.

A mathematical model of the process of mixing the polymer composition in a dynamic mixer of the CTM type of a worm extruder with the addition of an additional component, which is identical in density and viscosity to the main polymer material and can differ only in a certain feature that does not affect the properties of the components, such as color, has been developed. Moreover, the properties were set in such a way that the temperature distribution of the mixture was completely determined by the convective component, that is, it resulted only from the conditions of the mechanical movement of the volumes of the components.

The dependence of the homogeneity of the polymer composition as a result of mixing on the technological and design parameters of the dynamic mixer of the CTM type was obtained. The research was carried out at different speeds of rotation of the mixer rotor and at different speeds of supplying the additional component. The movement of the components of the mixture was determined by their flow rate at the entrance to the main channel and at the entrance to the additional injection channel.

The most optimal technical characteristics were selected in order to achieve the best level of uniformity.
Research of phosphate removal from water on reverse osmotic filters
Authors: Gomelya Mykola , Trus Inna , Vakulenko Anna , Taranenko Arsenii
Published: July 2023

Eutrophication of natural water bodies caused by an excess of biogenic substances is one of the global environmental problems of modern times. Usually, phosphorus is a limiting biogenic element, the concentration of which determines the intensity of eutrophication processes in water bodies. Therefore, it is important to develop methods aimed at preventing excessive amounts of phosphates from entering the environment. To remove phosphates from water, typically used biological degradation technologies, which usually proceed very slowly and depend on the conditions under which the process takes place. Also, Biogenic elements can be removed by using ion exchange, reverse osmosis, and chemical methods. However, the disposal of concentrated solutions becomes an issue with these methods. Baromembrane purification methods, particularly reverse osmosis, are becoming increasingly important in the field of water treatment and purification and are essential in creating efficient and low-waste complex technologies for water purification from biogenic compounds. The study investigated the processes of removing orthophosphates from distilled and artesian water using a low-pressure reverse osmosis membrane Filmtec TW30-1812-50. The dependence of membrane productivity and selectivity on the concentration of phosphates and the degree of permeate rejection was determined. Was found that residual concentrations of phosphates in the permeate increase with the increase in the degree of permeate rejection. The lowest residual concentrations of phosphates were observed at the initial concentration of up to 10 mg/dm3. The highest residual phosphate concentrations were observed at initial concentrations above 900 mg/dm3. At the same time, the membrane productivity constantly decreased with increasing feed concentration and degree of permeate recovery due to the increased osmotic pressure on the membrane. The selectivity of the membrane was highest at an initial concentration of up to 10 mg/dm3 and slightly decreased at a rejection rate of 20-50% for initial phosphate concentrations of 100-900 mg/dm3. At the maximum degree of permeate rejection (90%), the selectivity of the membrane reached 97-99 % and decreased with an increase in phosphate concentrations, which is due to a change in the pH of the medium, hydrolysis of phosphates, hydration of ions, and concentration polarization. The membrane selectivity for phosphates in solutions in artesian water was slightly lower (95-99 %), which was due to the competing influence of chlorides, sulfates, and bicarbonates, as well as a decrease in the pH of the solution to 7.52-7.67, which promotes the hydrolysis of o-phosphates.
45 YEARS OF DEVELOPMENT OF THE FACULTY OF SECURITY – SKOPJE
Authors:   Faculty of Security – Skopje, Murgoski Boris , Dujovski Nikola ,   Faculty of Security – Skopje
Published: July 2023

The process of education of cadres in the domain of security and police activity in the Republic of North Macedonia, through its historic development, has been carried out systematically and continually in the framework of the primary, secondary, and university education since the beginning of 1970s. The Faculty of Security, during the 45 years of its functioning, has been a contemporary and renowned university, high-educational and scientific-educational institution for profiling cadres in the area of security and police activity for the needs of the security institutions and services in the public and the private sector in the Republic of North Macedonia. Since its founding in 1977, the faculty, in certain periods through its developmental and transformational processes, had been conducting its activity as Faculty of Security and Social Self-defense (1977-2003), Police Academy (2004-2008) and today as Faculty of Security. In the framework of this paper, through the historical continuity, we first give a short retrospection of the primary and secondary police education, and then we elaborate the processes of establishing, development and the contemporary challenges of the university education in the domain of security. Keywords: education, science, security, police
AUTHENTIC TEXTS AS A RESOURCE FOR DESIGNING PASSIVE VOICE EXERCISES FOR STUDENTS OF ENGLISH FOR LAW ENFORCEMENT
Authors:   Faculty of Security - Skopje, Trajkovska Vesna
Published: July 2023

The paper deals with the matter of teaching passive voice to students of English for law enforcement based on its use in authentic texts in this field which were originally written in English. It addresses the importance of authentic texts when designing English language classroom activities, and the opportunities they provide for extracting written material used in authentic context, for the purposes of language instruction. The variety of ways in which authentic texts can be used in teaching English for law enforcement are illustrated with practical ideas for specific classroom exercises. These exercises are designed to help learners improve their knowledge on the use of passive voice based on examples derived from contexts relevant to law enforcement. The aim of the paper is to show that authentic materials can serve for a didactic purpose and help learners improve their grammar skills coupled with the acquisition of subject field knowledge. Key words: English for law enforcement, authentic texts, teaching, passive voice, classroom exercises
TOWARDS FIVE DECADES OF RESEARCH AND EDUCATION IN THE FIELD OF SOCIAL PATHOLOGY: MACEDONIAN EXPERIENCES AND PERSPECTIVES
Authors:   Faculty of Security-Skopje, Gerasimoski Saše
Published: July 2023

Almost five decades have passed since social pathology appeared as a new scientific discipline in Macedonian higher educational system, in particular, at the Faculty of Security. Decades of research and education, achievements and lessons to be learned. Although the history is relatively short, it is a period of time sufficient to strike a line and summarize the experiences and perspectives of its future development. As a sociological discipline, social pathology slowly but surely breaks its way to scientific prominence and deserved status in the contemporary Macedonian higher educational system. The paper deals with highlighting and assessing the development of the social pathology in Macedonia in the last almost five decades of its advent, focusing both on research as well as on educational developments. Theoretically, the paper is based on structural and chronological assessment of developments in the education and research in this field, while methodologically, the paper uses historical and comparative method, as well as content analysis of scientific and professional sources. The aim of the paper is to highlight the experiences of development of social pathology in Macedonia so far and on those grounds, to determine the possible future perspectives of its development. The findings of the paper could be of use to scholars and professionals in the sphere of social pathology, in terms of better understanding the place, role and importance of social pathology in the contemporary Macedonian research and education in the field of social and security sciences. Keywords: social pathology, research, education, Macedonia, experiences and perspectives
INFORMATION, PRESS, AND MEDIA INFLUENCE ON SECURITY STUDIES IN THE PAST FORTY-FIVE YEARS
Authors:   Security Academy UK, Mardner Orlando
Published: July 2023

Disputed discourse in the field of private security in media shapes the public opinion about research on security (Choi, 2021). The need for services provided by private security organizations is increasing, which is a fact that is widely acknowledged due to private security organisations' near-omnipresence. The growing security concerns, which include organised crime, terrorism, cyber security, and post-Covid-19 pandemic security barriers, have had an impact on the development of reliance on and use of private security services. However, despite the rise in growth, continuous expansion, and ever-increasing demand for private security services, narratives in the media do not portray the professionalism of the security industry, which is often regarded as a business (Cusomano & Kinsey, 2022). The study applied a narrative analysis research design, comprising investigations of recent media publications, state journals, and commentaries on the functions played by private security in the United Kingdom. Structured research of texts, articles, commentaries, and publications regarding private security in major press and media platforms, such as the Sun, Daily Mail, the Sunday Times, Daily Mirror, and Metro mostly report on the negative aspects of private security industry. The information propagated portrays the private security sector as lacking proper regulations. The management is perceived to be controlled by 'bad guys', who are used as a last resort for income generation and do not require high academic qualifications. They are mostly understood as bouncers or have guarding roles and are ranked lower on the profession scale due to the involvement of brawn rather than brain. The media's perception has far-reaching implications for public opinion and trust in the private security industry, which reduces enlistment in the field of security studies. The negative sentiments toward the sector also outnumber the significant progress made in standardizing security course outlines, ethics or codes of conduct among security personnel, and ensuring property protection and human safety. Keywords: investigation, information technology, private security, crime, detective, national security, surveillance, media, social media
NATIONAL SECURITY AND RESISTANCE OF THE REPUBLIC OF NORTH MACEDONIA IN A MODERN GLOBAL SECURITY ENVIRONMENT
Authors:   Faculty of Security - Skopje, Gerginova Tatjana
Published: July 2023

In the framework of the paper, the author will analyze the need of the Republic of North Macedonia for effective and efficient dealing with hybrid threats in order to protect the national interests and create national resilience of the society. Prevention from threats is one of the primary goals of the Republic of North Macedonia. For the achievement of this goal, in the Strategy for building resilience and dealing with hybrid threats, the use of certain methods is determined. The Strategy identifies six instruments aimed at creating an ability to detect and reduce vulnerability to hybrid threats, while seeking to increase the ability to respond in accordance with the framework established by NATO and the European Union. The activities of the state will be divided into six areas of operational activities: political instruments, economic instruments, military forces, civilian instruments, information instruments and the need to protect critical infrastructure. In the concluding remarks, the author gives recommendations in the direction of how Macedonia can effectively deal with hybrid threats (every country must build an effective concept for tackling a range of challenges as well as defense against cyber and hybrid threats; each country must be able to adapt to the unpredictable, complex and changing security environment, establishing and maintaining appropriate security capabilities with the primary goal of protecting national interests, etc.). The content will be prepared on the basis of analysis of scientific literature and using electronic content. In the preparation of the content of the paper, the author will apply the general scientific methods: descriptive method, normative method, comparative method and the method of content analysis as a separate scientific method. Keywords: national resilience, hybrid threats, detection, rejection and response to threats
SECURITY CHALLENGES OF THE REPUBLIC OF NORTH MACEDONIA AFTER THE NATO ACCESSION
Authors:   Faculty of Philosophy Skopje, Gjurovski Marjan , Arnaudov Mitko ,   Centre for Neighboring and Mediterranean countries, Belgrade
Published: July 2023

The main goal of this paper is to analyze the kinds of security challenges and threats the Republic of North Macedonia is facing after its accession in NATO. This study would be a comparative analysis of two periods, respectively two years before its official accession and the period from its NATO accession until today. The paper is a practical attempt to show and explain to the academic and ordinary society whether North Macedonia has closed certain groups of security threats and security challenges traditional for the Western Balkan region after its membership in NATO, but also the new security challenges and threats which this country is facing since its full membership in NATO. From theoretical point of view, we will try to explain if small states, on the example of North Macedonia, are able to create a national security strategy or its security strategy depends on the so-called great powers and their security goals, similar to the case with foreign policy strategies, according to the findings of the representatives of the theory of realism. Key questions that should be answered in this paper are the following: Has North Macedonia improved its security mosaic since its NATO accession? What are the new security challenges and threats after its membership? Does the creation of the security strategy of North Macedonia depend on its NATO allies? Key words: security challenges, threats, the Republic of North Macedonia, NATO membership, security strategy
RE-THINKING SECURITY THROUGH THE PRISM OF THE SECURITY STUDIES APPROACH
Authors:   Faculty of Philosophy, Institute for Security, Defence and Peace, Pavleski Aleksandar
Published: July 2023

Security is a variable category. What makes people and states safe or feel safe depends upon two basic phenomena. The most obvious source of challenge to our security is a factor that threatens the values of the people and the values of the state. The first and most objective of these are physical threats, such as military threats. The second phenomenon is related to the interpretation of the impact of the environment on the security meaning, or how the environment influences perceptions and interpretations of security and insecurity as well. The focus of the paper analysis is on exploring different security interpretations, specifically through the prism of the four generations of security studies. Actually, such four generations of security studies provide the necessary theoretical framework for comprehensive analysis in this regard. Hence, the paper is analyzing the evolutionary nature of security understanding in a variety of historical and environmental aspects. Keywords: security, insecurity, security studies, securitization, Copenhagen School of security studies
THE SYSTEMS APPROACH: A SMALL TACTICAL UNIT
Authors:   Vasil Levski National Military University – Veliko Tarnovo, Bulgaria, Statev Vladimir
Published: July 2023

The constantly changing weather and climate, the endless geopolitical struggle, the global spread of infectious diseases, the disinformation campaigns led by the major political players, and the ever-increasing levels of uncertainty are just a few of the factors contributing to the ongoing shift in the security environment. The role of the military as a guarantee of sovereignty reaches new peaks. In every conflict fought since the end of World War 2, the use of small tactical units for achieving operational goals is becoming greater. The paper attempts to demonstrate what a modern small unit is comprised of and the processes that take place in it. The main method used is the systems approach. The results show the links between the personnel, material resources, and training, how they interact with each other, and the effects of the environment in which the unit functions. Keywords: tactical unit, system, uncertainty, military
FOREIGN TERRORIST FIGHTERS FROM THE MIDDLE EAST AND THEIR RELATIONSHIP WITH RADICALIZATION, VIOLENT EXTREMISM AND TERRORISM
Authors:   PhD Student, Faculty of Security - Skopje, Arsikj Davor , Nikolovski Marjan ,   Faculty of Security - Skopje
Published: July 2023

Foreign terrorist fighters pose an asymmetric security threat and their return to the Republic of North Macedonia is a problem which the security services and the society as a whole face. In the last decade, a large number of foreign terrorist fighters have returned to their homes from the battlefields in Syria and Iraq, and the country has intervened with law amendments to the Criminal Code of 2014 to allow foreign terrorist fighters to be prosecuted and sentenced to appropriate punishments. Foreign terrorist fighters are closely related to violent extremism and radicalization, which in some cases can lead to terrorism. A radicalized foreign fighter who has returned home can spread the idea of radicalization and be an instigator for committing criminal activity - terrorism. The processes of deradicalization and resocialization are crucial for dealing with this phenomenon, considering that young people are susceptible to the influence of violent extremism and are a fertile soil for initial radicalization. The experiences of the neighboring countries have been developed in terms of how they deal with and how they prevent these negative phenomena in the community, related to foreign terrorist fighters. Foreign terrorist fighters can also carry out terrorist attacks through their involvement in violent extremism and radicalization. This is confirmed by several terrorist attacks that have taken place in the recent years in Europe, carried out by foreign terrorist fighters who are more radicalized and with significant combat experience. Keywords: foreign terrorist fighters, violent extremism, radicalization, terrorism, security threat
DEVELOPMENT AND GENESIS OF PRIVATE SECURITY IN SERBIA
Authors: Leštanin Branko , Nikač Željko
Published: July 2023

Private security in Serbia gained importance after the democratic reforms in 2000. The field of private security has been researched from the aspect of legal and security sciences, but not historically. By analyzing the content of available domestic and foreign literature, the authors will try to answer the questions of how and when did the development of private security companies and private security in general begin? What are the roots of private security? What was it like in Western European and North American countries, and what was it like in Serbia? What are the reasons for the emergence of private security? Applying the historical method, the authors conclude that the development of private security was influenced by numerous factors, which can be systematized into two groups: 1) internal (psychological) and 2) external (social) factors. A subjective sense of security is one of the most important internal drivers of human activity. Each person will do everything to maintain their own safety and the safety of their property and family, or to regain their lost security. Social circumstances in some countries have significantly influenced the development of private security. Keywords: private security, Serbia, USA, Western Europe
USE OF MODERN TECHNOLOGY IN THE PROTECTION AND RESCUE OF THE POPULATION FROM unexploded ordnance (UXO)a
Authors:   Faculty of Security – Skopje, Ivanov Aleksandar , Malish Sazdovska Marina ,   Faculty of Security – Skopje, Babanoski Kire
Published: July 2023

This paper poses and analyzes the questions and opportunities for the use of modern technologies and means to make the work of the responsible institutions for dealing with unexploded ordnance (UXO) more efficient and effective and to protect and rescue the population from the danger caused by such ordnance. The continuous development of technique and technology enables its application in many areas, including solving the most complex practical working tasks and professional challenges. The subject of the paper is elaborated firstly through the analysis of the legal aspects and the importance of the protection and rescue of the citizens, as well as through the discussion of unexploded ordnance as a security threat, with particular reference to the population of the Republic of North Macedonia. The main part of the paper is discussing the application of technology in the protection and rescue, with a case analysis of the Virtual Evidence Capture Tool for Ordnance Recovery. The paper is based on a review of the current scientific and professional achievements in the field and presents and analyzes relevant statistical data related to the UXO in the Republic of North Macedonia. Special focus is placed on the possibility to use modern technology in evidence-gathering through photo-documentation using smartphones, tablets, and drones, in order to identify and determine the threat and consider the possibilities for disabling UXO. The knowledge from the analysis and the possibilities for their use have scientific and professional justification in the field of collecting data on the existence of UXO on the territory of the country and their analysis, training of staff who work or will work on activities related to UXO protection and continuous application of developed software solutions in detecting, identifying and disabling UXO. This paper, of course, has its limitations, because additional data and results from current projects in this area may not be available and thus not be included in the comparative analysis, and certainly that the galloping development of technology day by day results in new and more modern methods and techniques than those analyzed in this paper.
DETERMINATION OF FORGERY PAINTINGS IN THE WATERCOLOR TECHNIQUE - CASE STUDY
Authors:   University Megatrend, Faculty of Civil Aviation, Zorić Vojkan , Petrović Vesna ,   gher Education Technical School of Professional Studies in Novi Sad,
Published: July 2023

Taking into account the previously published material on the work with dubious paintings made with oil on canvas technique, the paper presents a way to determine the originality of an artistic painting made with the watercolor technique. Determining the authenticity of a work of art is a very complex process, especially with the watercolor technique, due to the small amount of paint, as well as the non-existence of the canvas in the base. In the absence of a certificate of authenticity or description in museum inventory or catalogs, art historians cannot determine the originality of a suspicious work of art without conducting a forensic analysis. For this purpose, forensic scientists and forensic experts use the following laboratory methods: X-rays that detect the presence of a sketch or image below the surface), spectroscopic analysis of materials by infrared rays (FT-IR, highlights changes in asymmetric vibrations of material molecules), stereomicroscopic analysis of painted surfaces luminescent source and/or polarizing additive), physical analysis of color layers by a directed beam of light directly or through different filters, analysis using ultraviolet (UV) rays, as well as analysis by Raman spectroscopy (IR spectroscopy that highlights vibrations that are symmetrical to the center of symmetry of molecules). The paper presents a real case study of the forgery of the artistic painting of the English sculptor Henry Moore, made using watercolor and graffiti techniques, from 1937. Keywords: Art painting, Forensics, Laboratory analysis, forgery, aquarelle technique
INCRIMINATION AND DETECTION OF FORGERY OF DOCUMENTS
Authors:   South East European University, Faculty of Law, the Republic of North Macedonia, Halili Muazam , Ahmedi Blerta ,   South East European University, Faculty of Law, the Republic of North Macedonia
Published: July 2023

The aim of this paper is to analyze incriminating conducts related to forgery of documents. In this context, the methodology of detection of this criminal offense will be treated. In addition, the criminological aspect of this criminological phenomenon will be treated, by analysing the main risk factors that influence the occurrence of the most common forms and manners of counterfeiting. From a criminal perspective, this paper will interpret the positive provisions of the Criminal Code of Republic of North Macedonia which incriminate Forgery of documents and also the current legal loopholes in this area. The research paper includes some practical examples concerning forgery of documents and would simultaneously serve to all civil servants, particularly those who fight against crime. Additionally, such would get acquainted with the aspects and manners of its modus operandi, improving the forensic methodology in detecting, exposing and documenting this criminal offense. It is important to consider that the methodology used in this paper is based on the method of analysis, the statistical method, the method of studying individual cases, the survey method, etc. Contemporary and inclusive issues related to some criminal offenses, such as abuse of power and official position as well as fraud will be reviewed. Our objective, by scrutinizing this phenomenon, is due to its insufficient treatment, as we believe that this research paper will manifest a modest impact from a scientific viewpoint. Keywords: forgery of documents, incrimination, detection, criminal offense
COVID-19 THREAT TO INTERNATIONAL PEACE AND SECURITY: THE ROLE OF THE UN SECURITY COUNCIL
Authors:   Faculty of Security - Skopje, Nikodinovska – Stefanovsk Snezana
Published: July 2023

act The COVID-19 pandemic spreading around the world in the first months of 2020 not only affected personal security, but also had potential international security implications. Recognizing that the unprecedented extent of the novel coronavirus pandemic “is likely to endanger the maintenance of the international peace and security”, the UN Security Council (UNSC) on 1 July 2020 adopted Resolution 2532 in which “a general and immediate cessation of hostilities in all situations on its agenda is demanded”. This is the first time that the UNSC has called for a general ceasefire and humanitarian pause in armed conflicts around the world. The article analyzes whether, how, and under what circumstances the Council might have a positive role in addressing global threats such as the Covid-19 pandemic and the legal nature of the measures called for in the Resolution 2532. Keywords: Covid-19, United Nations, UN Security Council, international relations, Resolution 2532
RESTRICTIONS ON FREEDOM OF PEACEFUL ASSEMBLY AT THE TIME OF THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC
Authors:   Faculty of Law, University of Nis,, Ilić Ivan , Milovanović Dragana ,   Innovation Center at the University of Niš
Published: July 2023

The freedom of peaceful assembly is not an absolute human right. International documents provide restrictions that may be invoked in specific circumstances by States Parties, which are obliged to bring their national legislation into line with international standards. In the period of the global COVID-19 pandemic, restrictions on freedom of assembly have been a rule rather than an exception in many countries worldwide. Some countries have managed to strike a balance between the freedom of assembly and the need to protect human health. Other states have been blamed for undue interference with the freedom of peaceful assembly, which ultimately resulted in proceedings in front of domestic and international courts. In this paper, the authors underscore the need to maintain a balance between the freedom of peaceful assembly and the duty of the state to protect public health. To this effect, the authors indicate some novelties in decision-making processes at the international level and analyze the recent case law of the European Court of Human Rights (ECtHR) on this subject matter. On the basis of the presented considerations, the authors ultimately draw conclusions on whether this balance has been achieved in the circumstances of the COVID-19 pandemic. Keywords: freedom of peaceful assembly, COVID-19 pandemic, international documents, human rights.
METHODS OF DIPLOMATIC NEGOTIATION
Authors:   Faculty of Security – Skopje, Arsovski Marjan
Published: July 2023

ct In a world full of wars in which we live today, diplomacy emerges as the only means of conducting nonviolent relations between the nations by peaceful means. More specifically, diplomacy signifies a process and mechanism for conducting peaceful negotiations. The state of the League of Nations and the United Nations usher in a new era of diplomacy by applying the principles used in dialogue. In this context, the research is aimed at analyzing the most appropriate methods and principles of diplomacy in order to have successful negotiations to be used in the contemporary world. Keywords: methods of negotiation, diplomacy, international relations
IDEOLOGY OF MODERN WAHHABISM
Authors:   General Mihailo Apostolski Military Academy, Skopje, Iliev Andrej , Grizev Aleksandar ,   General Mihailo Apostolski Military Academy, Skopje, Petrovski Aleksandar ,   General Mihailo Apostolski Military Academy, Skopje
Published: July 2023

Wahhabism represents an ideological and religious movement. It is the dominant islamic movement in Saudi Arabia. The founder of this ideology is Muhammad Ibn Abd AlWahhab (1703-1792). In the introductory part of this paper, the authors give an explanation of the historical paths of Wahhabism as a general Islamic doctrine. The main focus of the paper is on the basis of the ideology of wahhabism. This ideology starts with the Muslim brotherhood of Hassan el-Banna in 1928, through the Islamic ideological movements of Abul ala Maududi and Sayid Qutb and ends with the extremist Deobandi faith in South Asia. All of these Islamist movements established a strong presence in the Muslim world during the second half of the 20th century. In the sesond part of the paper, the authors give a review on wahhabism ideology, as in its basis, wahhabism is not an officially recognized and approved Islamic religious direction. Having in mind that the main role of wahhabism is unification of Saudi Arabia, this religious direction has always been a broader subject of public attacks and criticism. However, the interest in wahhabism increased at the beginning of the 21st century, especially with the terrorist attacks in the USA on 11.09.2001. One of the first Islamic movements based on wahhabism was founded in Saudi Arabia, known as “Ikhwan”. This Islamic movement was represented by Bedouin tribes that were formed by Ibn Saud. Finally, having in mind the full spectrum of ideological and doctrinal steps of wahhabism in general, we must mention the influence of wahhabism towards the other Islamic movements, and also gave a clear vision of its widespread vision in global frames. The ideology of wahhabism, according to the world views on radical Islam movements, represents a prototype ideology of some extreme and terrorist groups. The aim of this paper is to analyze the historical development and social role of the modern ideology of wahhabism towards other Islamic movements. All of the above mentioned will be analyzed through the comprehensive social changes that have taken place in the world over the last century. 190 Keywords: ideology, modern wahhabism, islamic movements, influence, terrorist groups
THE INFLUENCE OF THE PROTOCOL THROUGH THE PRISM OF POLICY
Authors: Smiljanov Sande
Published: July 2023

The protocol is a combination of good behavior and logical reasoning, with one basic goal – efficient and effective communication between the stakeholders in diplomacy and politics. Considering that the protocol is both a science and an art, even the smallest deviations from the established rules and procedures can be perceived as sending a nonverbal message that has a political connotation and can seriously affect the reputation of the state in the international relations. The protocol is the hidden “conductor” which enables the “concert” to go smoothly, which, on the other hand, indicates that every mistake, every shortcoming or every intentional deviation is public and visible. But even after determining the deviation from what is considered an established practice, the question of whether it is an unintentional omission or an intentional transmission of a political message remains, and it is very difficult to find an adequate and true answer to this question. In this paper, apart from the communication aspect of conveying messages, the subject of analysis are also more practical examples that burdened international politics in the past period. Key words: protocol, (un)intentional protocol errors, politics, international relations
THE ELECTORAL THRESHOLD IN THE ELECTORAL LEGISLATION IN THE COUNTRIES OF THE FORMER SFRY – ONE COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS AFTER THREE DECADES OF POLITICAL PLURALISM
Authors:   Ph.D. in Political Science, Ambarkov Nikola
Published: July 2023

The topic of the exploration is the electoral thresholds in the electoral systems in the states created in the territory of the former Yugoslavia. The paper does a comparative analysis of one of the most significant components and characteristics of the electoral systems in the South Slavic states. It should be noted that the proportional model without exception dominates in all countries of the former SFRY. The main idea in the application of the proportional electoral system is that the distribution of mandates should be in proportion to the election results. However, when applying this model in the countries of the former Yugoslavia, there are numerous variations. The differences are referred to the electoral formula, district magnitude, the types of ballots, and what this paper will be abstracted on – the electoral threshold. In the selected cases, it will be noted that there are differences between the electoral thresholds. Some of them are imposed for the single nationwide constituency, but there are also thresholds imposed at the district level, but also examples where there is no formal, but effective electoral threshold. As all the countries of the former Yugoslavia went through a process of democratic transition, the existence of an electoral threshold in most of them was intended to set a barrier to the entry of populist parties into the parliament and to test whether political parties are rooted in society and whether they reflect the interests of a certain layer of citizens. Keywords: electoral threshold, formal thresholds, effective or natural thresholds, proportional electoral model, the six states of the former Yugoslavia
Aplicación de una herramienta avanzada de análisis de datos en el entorno de la construcción = Application of advanced data analysis tool in building environment.
Authors: Hernández-Arizaga Arrate , Picallo-Pérez Ana , Sala-Lizarraga José María
Published: July 2023

Los sistemas de monitorización de edificios proporcionan grandes volúmenes de información y existen herramientas avanzadas de análisis de datos. Un problema de detección y diagnóstico de fallos (FDD) en los sistemas energéticos de los edificios también puede considerarse un problema de aprendizaje automático puro. El objetivo de este trabajo es promover la FDD con aplicaciones de aprendizaje automático en el entorno de los edificios. Como contribución, en este trabajo se procesan series de datos temporales brutos, obtenidos de un SCADA, para la posterior construcción de patrones de una instalación térmica de un edificio. La instalación térmica abastece las demandas de ACS y calefacción de un edificio residencial, compuesto por 26 viviendas sociales y situado en Durango (norte de España). Los datos registrados cada 24 horas en valores acumulados se incluyen en el software R para el cálculo de gráficos estadísticos. Para los valores de los contadores de consumo de ACS y calefacción se obtienen 229 puntos de datos válidos y los rangos de consumo diario están comprendidos entre 1,94 - 5,90 m3 y 0 - 547,63 kWh.AbstractBuilding monitoring systems deliver large volumes of information and advanced data analysis tools are available. A fault detection and diagnosis (FDD) problem in building energy systems can also be regarded as a pure machine learning problem. The aim of this work is to promote FDD with machine learning applications in building environment. As a contribution, in this work raw time data series, obtained from a SCADA, are processed for further pattern construction of a building thermal facility. The thermal facility supplies the DHW, and heating demands of a residential building, consisting of 26 social dwelling units and located at Durango (northern Spain). Data recorded every 24 hours in cumulative values is included in the R software for computing statistical graphs. For DHW and heating consumption meter values, 229 valid data points are obtained, and the daily consumption ranges are between 1.94 - 5.90 m3 and 0 - 547.63 kWh respectively.