bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Epidemiological Study of Occupational Injuries Among Farmers in Iran
Authors: Arkavazi K , Zarafshani K
Published: January 2016

Agriculture is among the top three most dangerous occupations in the world. Farm injuries are, therefore, more prevalent in it as compared to other work-related injuries. In Iran, outdated farm machineries coupled with unsafe working conditions have exposed farmers to a wide variety of job injuries. However, research on farm injury types and sources of injuries are scarce. Therefore, the purpose of this epidemiological research design was to identify the most prevalent farm injuries in Kermanshah townships in Iran. Data were collected from a census of farmers who were injured during farm practices (N=90). A researcher made questionnaire was used to collect data. The validity and reliability of research instrument was verified using panel of experts and alpha coefficient respectively. Results revealed that the most prevalent job injuries among farmers were: amputations, fractures, cuts and bruises, and muscle-skeletal defects. Moreover, tractors, water pumps, carrying heavy objects, and heavy workloads played major role in farm injuries. Results of this study have implications for agricultural extension service as well as professional health services in Kermanshah province. Extension agents can use the results in adult education programs in order to reduce injuries among farmers.
Comparative transmission electron microscopic studies on eosinophil of non ruminants
Authors: Mehta* S. , Minj A.P.
Published: January 2016

Transmission electron microscopic studies of eosinophil of horse, dog, pig and rabbit were carried out on six apparently healthy animals of each species. Ultrastructurally the eosinophils appeared round to oval in shape with few, short and narrow cytoplasmic processes in horse, oval with numerous long and wide cytoplasmic processes in dog and round with thin and broad small cytoplasmic processes in pig. While in rabbit it was round to oval in shape with long cytoplasmic processes. The nucleus had two to three lobes in all the animals. In all the four species it was observed that the heterochromatin was concentrated towards the periphery. Granules were mostly oval in outline and more or less similar in shape and size in horse while in dog the granules were rounded in shape and medium sized. In pig the double membrane bound cytoplasmic granules were roughly rounded to oval in shape and distributed throughout the cytoplasm. The granules in rabbit were mostly oval in outline and more or less similar in dimension. Cell organelles were clearly visible in the cytoplasm of horse while poorly visible in dog, pig and rabbit.
Molecular characterization of promoter of IGF-1 gene in chicken broiler line and its growth performance
Authors: Paswan C. , Bhattacharya T. K. , Chatterjee R. N. , Nagaraja C. S. , Dushyanth K.
Published: January 2016

A study was carried out to characterize the nucleotide variability in the promoter of the IGF-1 gene in broiler line of chicken. A PCR product of 375bp was amplified and nucleotide variability was studied using PCR-SSCP technique in chicken control broiler line. Selected sample PCR products were also sequenced to confirm the variability in promoter sequence. Present study revealed that the IGF-1 promoter was monomorphic having similar SSCP pattern in all individuals. Growth data was also analyzed to study the growth performance of the chicken broiler line at different age. Growth performance of male and female differed significantly at six week of age.
Effect of feeding different levels of proteins on growth, blood biochemical and immunological parameters in laying Khaki Campbell ducks
Authors: Mohanty S.R. , Sahoo1 S.K. , Babu L.K. , Pradhan C.R. , Panigrahi B. , Joshi S.K.
Published: January 2016

A feeding experiment was carried out to study the effect of feeding different levels of protein during laying (20-40 weeks) on growth, feed consumption and mortality in Khaki Campbell ducks. 180 ducks were distributed randomly into three treatment groups viz. T1, T2 and T3 with three replicates of 20 ducks (15 females and 5 males) in each replicate. Birds were allotted to different groups in such a manner that there was no significant difference between the average 20th week body weight among the treatment groups. Between 20-40 weeks, ducks were provided with isocaloric diets with 16, 18 and 20 per cent crude protein in to groups T1, T2 and T3 respectively with ad lib provision of feed and water. Results indicated that supplementation of crude protein of about 18% in the ration during laying period might be sufficient with respect to growth trait in Khaki Campbell layer ducks. Further, the mortality ranged from 2 to 3.2% during laying stage, which was within normal range indicating that the different levels of protein supplementation in diet could not influence the health condition of ducks. The effect of different levels of protein supplementation in the diet during active stage of laying (30th week) was found to be non-significant, with respect to blood biochemicals like total protein, albumin, abumin:gobulin ratio, glucose, urea and creatinine concentration. The level of primary antibody in T1, T2 and T3 of female ducks were 6.00 ± 0.00, 5.33 ± 0.33 and 6.33 ± 0.33 and for combined sex they were 5.00 ± 0.52, 5.33 ± 0.33 and 5.67 ± 0.42, respectively.
Risk factors and prevalence of Porcine cysticercosis in free range pigs of selected areas of South Africa
Authors: Syakalima*1 Michelo , Foli1 Thembekile L. , Mwanza1 Mulunda
Published: January 2016

Taenia solium, a pig tapeworm, is an important zoonotic parasite common in countries with low standards of personal hygiene and poor environmental sanitation and control measures. Man is the definitive host while pigs are the main source of infection to man. Free range pigs play an important role in the transmission of the disease because of their habit of ingesting human faeces. Free range pigs are abundant in some provinces of South Africa and are usually reared by poor communities living in environment with poor sanitation. In this study we tested serum samples collected from free range pigs in Gauteng, Limpopo, North-west, Western Cape, Eastern Cape, Free State, Kwa-Zulu Natal and Northern Cape provinces of South Africa. The cysticercosis status was estimated using an ELISA kit (apDia, bvba, Belgium). The prevalence levels in these provinces were: 3.6, 6.3, 5.9, 16.6, 4.6, 0, 0, and 0% respectively, whereas, the overall prevalence was 5.2%. These levels indicate the existing zoonotic risk arising from rearing free range pigs and the need for public health interventions.
Production performance and economics of CARI Nirbheek chicken for backyard farming under semi-arid ecosystem in central Gujarat, India
Authors: Khadda* B.S. , Lata Kanak , Kumar Raj , Jadav J.K. , Singh Brijesh , Palod Jyoti
Published: January 2016

The present study was conducted to evaluate the production performance and economics of CARI Nirbheek chickens for backyard farming under semi-arid ecosystem in central Gujarat. The overall mean body weights of CARI Nirbheek chickens at 8, 10, 12, 14, 16, 18, 20 and 40 weeks of age were 515.06±9.97, 698.90±16.32, 951.78±18.24, 1139.32±26.96, 1372.73±43.51, 1542.87±49.61, 1721.82±46.35 and 2244.13±51.22 g, respectively. Differences in body weights between male and female chickens were found to be significant. The mortality in CARI Nirbheek chicken during the period from 6 to 20 weeks and 21 to 40 weeks of age was recorded 12.20 and 5.09 per cent, respectively. The average age at first egg laying was recorded 157.46±1.19 days while age at sexual maturity was recorded 173.36±2.71 days. The average hen day egg production up to 40 and 72 weeks of age were recorded 54.94±0.41and 167.89±1.42, respectively. The value for different egg quality traits clearly indicated that the eggs produced from CARI Nirbheek are of superior quality. The benefit cost ratio was recorded 1:4.68 per family for rearing under backyard farming system. From the present study it may be concluded that CARI Nirbheek chickens could be suitable with respect to reproductive and productive performance as well as adaptability in the semi-arid ecosystem.
Ultrasonographic localization and mineral profile of urinary calculi in young and adult bovine
Authors: Taksande* Prachi E. , Saini N.S. , Mohindroo J. , Singh Tarunbir , Kumar Ashwani
Published: January 2016

The study was conducted on 13 male bovine animals suffering from obstructive urolithiasis to evaluate the diagnostic approach, surgical outcome and mineral composition of uroliths. The animals were divided in two groups, Group I (n=8) of young animals and Group II (n=5) of adult animals. B-mode ultrasonography was done for locating the uroliths in penile urethra. All the animals were subjected to urethrotomy followed by ultrasonography at the suspected site of urolith lodgement. Ammonium chloride as urinary acidifier was given @ 50 mg/kg body weight orally for 60 days was found beneficial for preventing recurrence of uroliths. It was observed that urethra heals normally in three weeks if left unsutured and the majority of uroliths were present at tip of penis in Group I and in sigmoid flexure in Group II animals. Staphylococcus species were the most prevalent bacteria causing bovine urinary tract infections associated with urolithiasis in both groups. It was concluded that ultrasonography was efficient to localize uroliths in urethra in both groups of animals. On Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy estimation, calcium carbonate, carbonate apatite in Group I whereas calcium carbonate in majority of Group II animals, were the most common types of minerals causing formation of uroliths.
Effect of genetic and non-genetic factors on age at first calving in Sahiwal cattle
Authors: Singh Jitendra , Singh V. K. , Yadav Alok Kumar , Jha Amit Kumar
Published: January 2016

The present study was conducted on Sahiwal cows maintained at Uttar Pradesh Livestock- cum- Agriculture Farm, Chak Ganjaria, Lucknow. A total of 1194 records on age at first calving (AFC) spanning over a period of 57 years (1949 to 2006) were subjected to least squares analysis using suitable statistical model considering sire as random while period and season as fixed effects. The least squares mean of AFC was estimated to be 1251.77± 22.15 days. The least squares analysis revealed significant effect (P £ 0.01) of sire and period. However, the effect of season was found to be non-significant. The heritability estimate of age at first calving was found to be 0.159. The genetic, phenotypic and environmental trend for AFC were -3.31, 32.78 and 36.09 respectively. It was concluded from the present findings that selection of sire may be practiced for genetic improvement of this trait and ameliorative managemental practices should be employed to improve upon the trait i.e. age at first calving.
Analysis of genetic diversity of four quails by microsatellite markers
Authors: Bai Jun.Yan. , Pang* You.Zhi. , Wu Sheng.Jun. , Yu Mei.Qin. , Zhang Xiao.Hui.
Published: January 2016

Genetic diversity of four quail populations, including Korean quails (maroon quails), Peking white quails, Chinese yellow quails and Chinese black quails, were analyzed by microsatellite markers, aiming to provide scientific basis for new breeds of Chinese black quails for egg production as well as the assessment, protection and utilization of Chinese quail’s genetic resources. The results showed that 48 alleles were detected by nine microsatellite markers in the four quail populations, with the mean of 5.33 alleles in each locus. The average effective number of alleles marked by the nine microsatellite markers in Chinese black quails, Peking white quails, Chinese yellow quails and maroon quails were 3.5338, 3.6135, 4.0312 and 3.6508 respectively. The average heterozygosity of the four quail populations were 0.6952, 0.7046, 0.7353 and 0.7096 respectively. The average polymorphic information content of nine microsatellite loci in four quail populations were 0.6204, 0.6587, 0.6942 and 0.6639 , respectively, all of which were greater than 0.5, indicating the four populations’ copious genetic diversity. In this study, the average genetic differentiation coefficient among populations was 0.0349, so the genetic variation among populations accounted for 3.49%, which demonstrated that genetic variation among populations was just a small proportion of the total population genetic variation, and there was little differentiation among the four populations. Cluster analysis indicated that Chinese black quails and Peking white quails were firstly clustered, and then Chinese yellow quails and maroon quails were clustered, and finally the two were clustered together.
Estimation of optimum slaughter age in broiler chicks
Authors: Cicek* Hasan , Tandogan Murat
Published: January 2016

In this study, optimum slaughter age of the commercial broilers was estimated regarding maximum net income. Study materials were average target performance (live weight gain and feed consumption) of Cobb 500 and Ross 308 commercial hybrids, prices of feed, chicks and broiler meat. The optimum slaughter age was estimated by a mathematical function (y = f (x) = a+bx-cx2) that reflects the quadratic (parabolic) relationship. According to this function, the optimum slaughter age was calculated as 5.62 weeks (39.34 days). As a result, it can be said that genetic improvement positively affects the correlation between live weight gain and feed consumption of broilers. However, prices of feed, chicks, and broiler meat have more decisive role on slaughter age.
Management of Salsola tomentosa in wheat using Granstar, Atlantis and 2,4-D herbicides
Authors: Moaiedi Abbas , Madandoust* Mehdi
Published: January 2016

A field experiment was conducted to study the effect of different doses (0.75, 1, 1.25 and 1.5 of recommended dose) of Granstar, Atlantis and 2,4-D herbicides on salsola weed (Salsola tomentosa) and yield components and total yield of wheat, at Bastak (Hormozgan province, Iran) during 2013-14 growing season. Minimum density (3.0 plants m-2) and dry weight (3.29 kg m-2) of Salsola weed were recorded in Granstar herbicide @ 31.25 g/ha. The maximum number of spike per square meter (423.33) was observed in Atlantis herbicide @ 1.5 l/ha. The maximum grain yield (4,818.0 kg ha-1) and grain number per spike (41) were in case of Granstar herbicide @ 31.25 and 25 g/ha respectively. Keeping in view of environmental concerns and for lowering the cost of herbicide application a dose of 18.75 g/ha or 1.125 l/ha may be recommended.
Study of physiological growth indices of mustard in chickpea (Cicer arietinum) + mustard (Brassica juncea) intercropping system under different weed management practices
Authors: Kour* Ranjeet , Sharma B.C.
Published: January 2016

A field experiment was carried out during rabi seasons of 2009-10 and 2010-11 at the Research Farm of Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology at Chatha, Jammu to assess the physiological growth indices in chickpea+mustard intercropping system under different weed management practices. The significant superiority of replacement series treatment for leaf area index of mustard over additive series treatment was noticed. The sole crop of mustard was followed by replacement and additive series treatments in recording highest dry matter, crop growth rate and net assimilation rate values. Sole stand of mustard recorded numerically higher relative growth rate (RGR) followed by replacement and additive series treatments. Weed free treatment recorded numerically highest crop growth rate (CGR) and net assimilation rate (NAR) of mustard at all the stages of observation. As regards yield, sole stand recorded significantly higher values of grain and was followed by additive and replacement series which in turn were differed significantly from one another in chickpea+mustard intercropping system.
Analyzing Integrated Wastelands Development Programme in West Bengal: An ecological sustainability perspective
Authors: Maji Saikat , Rathore Surya , Khati Kanchan
Published: January 2016

Ecological sustainability is long term maintenance of the capability of the environment to support human life. It is one of the most important dimensions of the sustainability triad i.e Ecological, economic and social sustainability. Achieving ecological sustainability would be instrumental in reversing the trend of fast degrading natural resources of the country. Integrated Wastelands Development Programme (IWDP) which is implemented in four district of West Bengal from 2004 particularly for development of degraded or potentially degradable land has been analysed for ecological sustainability in terms of parameter like increased vegetation, technological intervention with providing due importance to indigenous technologies etc. and the constraints faced by beneficiaries in different stages of project management. This study was conducted in Taldangra block of Bankura district. Result indicated that consideration of indigenous technologies (weight 0.467) and environmental effects (weight 0.328) were perceived as the most important indicators of ecological sustainability. Use of erosion checking measure and water harvesting measure was the most urgent measure to check natural resource degradation. Overall activities under the project had a medium level of ecological sustainability (overall ecological sustainability index 55.75).
Profitability of begomovirus management strategies among chilli farmers in Tamil Nadu: A gross margin impact analysis
Authors: Swaminathan* B. , Balan1 K.C. Siva , Anadaraja N. , Boopathi N. Manikanda , Schreinemachers2 Pepijn , Srinivasan2 Ramasamy , Wu2 Mei-Huey
Published: January 2016

Plant diseases caused by vector-transmitted viruses like begomovirus inflict serious damage in terms of yield and colossal loss in many crops, predominantly Chilli. Coupled with bleak farm awareness and lack of management options, they could severely hamper remuneration prospects. In this connection, the profitability of the farm level begomovirus management strategies has been analyzed in this study. A sample of 100 chilli farmers were surveyed with focus on their perceptions of begomovirus caused diseases. Findings revealed a majority of farmers (80 per cent) experienced cross loss due to viral diseases. Positive changes in output and production cost were also reported with the adoption of management strategies, which in turn were categorized in to: low, medium and high. Besides, it was also revealed that when compared with no management strategy, the change in the gross margin was 17 per cent, 26 per cent and 80 per cent after the adoption of low, medium and high level of management strategies, respectively.
Morphological diversity of local land races and wild forms of mungbean
Authors: Tripathy Swapan K. , Nayak P. K. , Lenka D. , Swain D. , Baisakh B. , Mohanty P. , Senapati N. , Dash G. B. , Dash S. , Mohapatra P. M. , Pradhan K. , Mishra D. R. , Ranjan R.
Published: January 2016

A set of genotypes comprising 81 local land races, four wild forms and four improved varieties of mungbean were grouped into 15 genetic clusters. The genotypes revealed wide variation in stable morphological characters as well as agronomic traits which provided the necessary base for genetic divergence. The wild forms TCR 192, TCR 213 and TCR 243 were viny with late maturity and had distinctly different leaflet, inflorescence and pod characteristics. Whereas, a wild accession TCR 20 was erect with sturdy stem, vigorous growth, broad ovate leaflets, long pods, profuse poding with high yield potential and resistance to biotic (bruchids, CLS, PM and YMV) and abiotic(drought) stresses. Clustering pattern confirmed more proximity of TCR 20 with cultivated forms and therefore, it may be amenable for hybridization with cultivated land races and improved varieties for transfer of its desirable traits. Balarampur Keonjhar local was quite distinct from other land races owing to its vigorous growth, broad leaves and long pods with very bold seeds, but worst affected by YMV. In contrast, TARM 1 had high field resistance to diseases including YMV. Nipania munga -an elite land race of Kalahandi district of Odisha was highly drought tolerant with dwarf plant type and good initial vigour. These above genotypes being morphologically unique and having unique desirable agro-economic traits, formed small divergent clusters and hence, may serve as valuable material for genetic improvement in mungbean through hybridization.
Study of free radical and peroxide scavenging enzymes and content in different vigour lots of soybean (Glycine max)
Authors: Usha T. N. , Dadlani Malavika
Published: January 2016

Free radical and lipid peroxidation are widely considered to be major contributor to seed deterioration in soybean. Three lots of soybean high, medium and low vigour were stored under ambient storage conditions. Free radical scavenging enzymes such as superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione reductase activities and ascorbic acid contents were measured for a year with three months interval. There was gradual increase in the activities of glutathione reductase and catalase reaching a peak earliest in the low vigour seed lots than in medium and high vigour lots during storage, followed by a steady decline. Similar trend was noticed incase of ascorbic acid content. This is the first such report (of rise in the enzyme activity during seed aging) which needs detailed examination for validation.
Genetic divergence and stability (AMMI) study in chickpea (Cicer aeritinum L.) under north western Himalayas of Jammu and Kashmir, India
Authors: Kumar Sanjeev , Singh Praveen , Sharma Magdeshwar
Published: January 2016

Genetic diversity of seventeen chickpea genotypes was studied through Mahalanobis D2, Tocher’s Method. The genotypes under study fall into five clusters. The cluster- IInd contained the highest number of genotypes (08) and Cluster IV and V contained the lowest (01). Cluster- II produced the highest mean value for days to maturity. The inter-cluster distances were much higher than the intra-cluster distances. Cluster-V exhibited the highest intra-cluster distance while the lowest distance was observed in cluster-IV and V. The highest inter-cluster distance was observed between cluster-III and V while the lowest was between cluster-I and IV. Considering all the characters, it is suggested that the genotypes 81-0-800, C-306, 96907, C-235 and SCS-3 could be used as parents for future breeding programmes to develop high yielding varieties of chickpea. As per AMMI model, two genotypes i.e. C-81 and 96911 were identified as having wider adaptability along withhigher seed yield per plant.
GJIT Masthead
Authors: Karahoca Adem
Published: January 2016

GJIT Masthead
The comparison of academic locus of control and the perceptions of self efficacy of teacher candidates
Authors: Akça Figen , Demir Sezgin , Yılmaz Tülin
Published: January 2016

Teacher is the most important factor in the efficient success of the educational studies in accordance with terminal objectives. Among many affective and personal characteristics that determine the efficiency of teachers, self-efficacy and locus of control have an important position. The aim of this study is to compare the teacher candidates who are final year students and teacher candidates that are taking pedagogical formation certificate in terms of general self-efficacy teacher self-efficacy and academic locus of controls. The research group of this study, in which screening model is used, consist of 97 final year teacher candidates that study in Aksaray Education Faculty and 107 teacher candidates that study pedagogical formation education at the same period. For this purpose, Academic Locus of Control Scale, which was developed by Akın, A. (2007), Teacher SelfEfficacy Scale, which was developed by Aydın, Y. Ç, Çakıroğlu, J. and Sarıkaya, H. (2005) and General Self-Efficacy Scale, which was developed by Sherer et al. and adapted by Yıldırım and İlhan for our culture, were preferred for the study. It is discovered that, the self-efficacy of teacher candidates is advanced and they are internally controlled. In addition, no difference was found between teacher training methods and the perception of selfefficacy together with academic focus of control.Keywords: Teacher self-efficacy, academic locus of control, teacher competence.
IJLT Masthead
Authors: Bicen Huseyin
Published: January 2016

IJLT Masthead
WJER Masthead
Authors: Arkut Afet
Published: January 2016

WJER Masthead
ANALISIS FORM PUISI-PUISI NIZAR QABBBANI DALAM ANTOLOGI PUISI 100 RISALAH HUB
Authors: Zuhdy Halimi , Masadi M. Anwar
Published: January 2016

Abstract: This research analyzes qualitative descriptively about form (language style) that is used by Nizar Qabbani. It is used by the researcher for expressing the meanings of Nizar Qabbani’s poems. The results of this research shows that the researcher has found many of language styles usage used by Nizar Qabbani in his poems, like metaphor, simile, paralelisme, metominia, retoris, hyperbola, personification, etc. From the analyzing the poems, the researcher has found the meanings of them namely Ighdab poem that has angry, loving, and promise meaning. Aina Adzhabu poem means true love and lost feel. Then, Ukhibbuki Jiddann poem means true love. All of them are awesome love theme that expressed by Nizar Qabbani. He gives the meaning of love, faithful, and angry in frame of figurative language that is extremely exciting.

 

Key Words: Poems, New Criticism, Nizar Qabbani, Risalah Hubb
Analytical possibilities for the relative estimation of the antioxidative capacity of honey varieties harvested in different regions of Serbia
Authors: Gasic Uros , Stankovic Dalibor , Dabic Dragana , Milojkovic-Opsenica Dusanka , Natic Maja , Tesic Zivoslav , Mutic Jelena
Published: January 2016

Two different approaches, spectroscopic and electrochemical, were applied for
rough determination of antioxidative potential of honey samples. Honey
samples of diverse botanical origin were collected in different geographical
regions in Serbia. Total phenolic content (TPC) was determined by
Folin-Ciocalteu method. Cyclic voltammograms on a glassy carbon electrode in
KCl supporting electrolyte were used to check electrode sensitivity to the
presence of honey. In order to calculate Trolox Equivalent Antioxidant
Capacity (TEAC) of studied honey, cyclic voltammograms were recorded for
Trolox standard. The results were expressed as ?mol of Trolox Equivalents per
kg of sample (?mol TE kg-1). Good correlations were observed between cyclic
voltammetry data and total phenolic content (TPC) determined by
Folin-Ciocalteu method and radical scavenging activity (RSA) determined using
DPPH?(1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl radical) test. Cyclic voltammetry appears
to be a highly attractive alternative method for rapid estimation of
antioxidative potential of honeys. It was found that polyfloral honey samples
had the highest, whereas acacia honey showed the lowest values of TPC.
Paintings and emotion: A nonemotivist reevaluation
Authors: Konecni Vladimir
Published: January 2016

Arguments are presented that paintings are unable to induce basic
psychobiological emotions because they do not powerfully engage with
spectators? intimate associative-memory systems. However, it is suggested
that art installations containing properties subsumable under the classical
concept of the sublime (physical grandeur, rarity, novelty, an association
with beauty and with biologically significant outcomes), are capable of
producing a memorable, though non-basic, emotional response, aesthetic awe -
the peak aesthetic response as defined in Aesthetic Trinity Theory (Konecni,
2005, 2011). A skeptical view is presented of emotivism, defined as a
proclivity for excessive insertion of ?emotion? into scientific and lay
accounts of behavior, especially regarding the arts: The loci in the domain
of paintings are specified in which emotion has often been unjustifiably
implicated. Psychobiological and contrasting viewpoints on emotion are
outlined. Several possible routes from paintings? attributes to viewers?
emotions are found to be analytically indefensible and psychologically
improbable. Implications for empirical aesthetics are examined.
The usage and the development of the term prohairesis from Aristotle to Maximus the Confessor
Authors: Djakovac Aleksandar
Published: January 2016

The term prohairesis has a long history; its usage is crucial for the
development and understanding of basic ethical and anthropological
assumptions in ancient Hellenic philosophy. In this article the author
analyses the most important moments for the semantic transformation of this
term, with particular reference to the implications of its usage in Byzantine
theological and philosophical heritage, with the ultimate expression in work
of St Maximus the Confessor and his christological synthesis. The equation
between the terms prohairesis and gnome and their separation from the
authentic human nature, as well as the usage of the term thelesis for the
original ?human will?, represents the thorough revision of the antique
philosophical heritage which could be compared with the distinction of the
terms ousia and hypostasis by Cappadocian Fathers. In this article the author
will show the extent to which and the way in which Byzantine theological and
philosophical thought adopted and transformed its own Hellenic heritage.
Do miracles violate the laws of nature? Hume’s treatment of the problem of miracles
Authors: Mitrovanov Marija
Published: January 2016

The topic of this article covers the problem of the concept of a miracle from
the standpoint of contemporary perspective concerning the Laws of Nature and
from Hume?s standpoint of whether we are inclined to accept a miracle. This
article is divided into two chapters both of which tend to show that we are
not in a position to claim that miracles exist. The first reason is
psychological in its nature. As Hume?s thesis about our experience based
relation towards the world shows, we are not able to believe in a story
about a miracle since it violates the regularity which is supposed to govern
the Nature. Moreover, repeated experience is necessary for us in order to
establish causality, but in the case of miracles, we lack such experience.
The second reason concerning this presumption is that it does not mean that
an event will not be scientifically explained in the future if it cannot be
explained yet. Therefore, if the facts that scientific theories are not
absolutes and that there are no explanations for such natural phenomena are
taken into consideration, the question arises as to whether the concept of a
miracle can be discussed.
Dictionary of technology and hewers of illusions
Authors: Petrovic Aleksandar
Published: January 2016

Based on two readings, one from the editorial board of the journal Theoria
and other from the collective writers of the Analysis of the ideological
orientation, this paper tries, from the distance of the time lost, to make
third reading of the Dictionary of Technology. It is founded on Heracleitos?
concept of hewing of illusions that is comprehended, in the context of
quarrel among ?antiques? and ?moderns?, against the concepts of technology,
modernization, history and cognitive Ego. In that framework it has been
looked for the "fifth essence" of the Dictionary of Technology as well as for
the reason why it is immediately after the publishing in 1982 politically
condemned and proscribed, and subjected to the institute of damnatio
memoriae.
Is cognition computational or dynamical?
Authors: Milojevic Miljana
Published: January 2016

The rise of the dynamical approach in cognitive science set in motion a
philosophical debate about the nature of cognition, that is, the debate about
whether cognitive processes are dynamical or computational. In this article
we are dealing with the question about the relationship between
computationalism and dynamicism, and their possible ontological implications.
More precisely, we are dealing with the already offered answers to this
question and evaluate them in accordance with specific understandings of
scientific models in cognitive science.
Philosophical presuppositions of two-dimensional semantics
Authors: Petrovic Milos
Published: January 2016

Two-dimensional semantics is only seemingly a unique answer to the problem of
meaning. Philosophers prone to two-dimensionalism, generally agree in regard
to formal deficiencies arising from intensional semantics. In order to
respond to these, they created a specific formal framework including two
types of intensions (as opposed to only one used to capture the meaning of
terms in intensional semantics). Issues that usually arise regarding this
framework independently constitute a very interesting philosophical debate,
but, they can also mislead one into conclusion about the identical aims or
philosophical aspirations of its participants. The similarities on the formal
level, often hide insurmountable conceptual differences in the interpretation
of two-dimensional framework: Kaplan uses it to show expression?s context
dependence, Stalnaker to capture meta-semantic facts, while Chalmers believes
this framework traces a path to the epistemic roots of meaning. In this paper
I intend to spotlight these differences.
Quine's naturalistic empiricism vs epistemological nihilism
Authors: Mijic Jelena
Published: January 2016

The aim of this paper is, considering his naturalistic approach to the
epistemology, to examine why and in which way Quine tries to put himself
between logical positivists and epistemological nihilists in terms of
understanding empirical evidence. Using a new method, he is going to form
observational criteria with aim to overcome problems which were
insurmountable for logical positivism, thus not sacrificing science
objectivity shaken by the collapse of the traditional approach to
epistemological issues. Intrigued by simultaneous expression of radical and
conservative tendency of Quine?s thought, in other words, by his intention to
maintain the balance between standpoints of traditional philosophy and
epistemological nihilism, we will endeavor to examine how much he is
successful in his design, and depending on the answers, we will evaluate the
importance and relevance of Quinean naturalistic approach to epistemology.
Self-deception
Authors: Zivanovic Igor
Published: January 2016

In this paper I defend non-intentional conception of self-deception. First,
I?ll make clear distinction between deceiving, lying, and deluding. Then,
taking Cartesian metodological project as an example, I'll make a distinction
between self induced deception and selfdeception. To identify fenomenon of
self-deception I rely on early experimental evidence and so called paradoxes
of self-deception. I will explain in detail two main apraches to the problem
of self-deception, one of which is intentional, and the other one is
non-intentional. In this context I will try to explain why I believe that
self-deception has to be non-intentional.
Authenticity and fundamental onthology
Authors: Brdar Milan
Published: January 2016

What does Heidegger?s discussion of authenticity of Dasein, as presented in
Sein und Zeit (1927), contribute to the completion of his program of
fundamental ontology (aiming at the sense of being as such)? Aiming to answer
to this question the author examines the way authenticity is constructed. The
author specifically emphasizes the fact that the authenticity is completed
within what is given in ?the One? (?das Man?), in the process by which Dasein
realizes within its way of being his own specification or concretization.
Furthermore Heidegger claims, on the one hand, that it is not possible to
rank authenticity and inauthenticity as being something of ?higher? and
?lower? order, and, on the other hand, that the world has a transcendental
status with primary role of the One (das Man). Therefore Dasein understands
all from the world, builds its understanding by taking it from the world and
constructing out of it its own specification. This has two important
consequences: the first is the realization that authenticity has no
significance for fundamental ontology, for the understanding of the Being
that the Dasein has acquired is equally valuable whether it is authentic or
not; and the second is that authenticity is of negligible significance, for
the understanding that the Dasein has is obtained from the One, and because
the world has a transcendental status, hence it is a priori as far as the
understanding of all Being goes. Why then Heidegger deals with authenticity?
Reason is to be found not in preparing work for fundamental onthology but in
Heidegger?s anticartesianism. As he sketched the concept of Dasein in
contrast to Descartes? subject, he created a problem for himself. Just as
Descartes had a problem with finding the way to bring the subject to the
world, Heidegger is facing a problem: How can the Dasein, as something
integrated into the world as beingin- the-world and being-with-Others, come
to itself? Finding the answer to this question does not engage fundamental
ontology, for it must be obtained as a precondition for creating the starting
point for it. Finally, the author discusses a problem that emerges from this
perspective: What is the source of Heidegger?s turn (Kehre)? Emphasized as
reasons are Heidegger?s anthropocentrism and remnants of the subject-object
relation. Anthropocentrism, however, was already overcomed in SuZ with the
thesis about the trancendentalty of the world and by de-centering the subject
given the primacy of understanding as contained in the One. As for the
subject-object relation, it was overcome through the very discussion of
authenticity on the basis of the thesis that the Dasein and the world are in
original unity. It follows, then, that Heidegger did not offer the real
reasons for his turn, hence the question remains: Why Heidegger did not
remain satisfied with those results? That remains to be uncovered by further
analyses of his philosophy!
EB lifetime distributions as alternative to the EP lifetime distributions
Authors: Lupu Carmen Elena , Lupu Sergiu , Petcu Adina
Published: January 2016

In this paper we consider lifetime distributions called EB-Max distribution and EB-Min. In the conditions of the Poisson’s Limit Theorem it is shown that EB-Max distribution may be approximated by its analogous called EP-Max lifetime distribution and EB-Min distribution may be approximated by its analogous EP-Min lifetime distribution. Further, as example, two methods are provided to simulate pseudo random number for EB-Min distribution and we apply EM algorithm to estimate parameters of EB-Min distribution. An example with real data is also presented and the proposed simulation algorithms where implemented in Maple.
Goldie-Rad-Supplemented Modules
Authors: Talebi Yahya , Hamzekolaee Ali Reza Moniri , Tercan Adnan
Published: January 2016

In this paper we introduce β** relation on the lattice of submodules of a module M. We say that submodules X, Y of M are β** equivalent, X β** Y, if and only if

X
+
Y

X

⊆

Rad
(
M
)
+
X

X

${{X + Y} \over X} \subseteq {{Rad(M) + X} \over X}$

and

X
+
Y

Y

⊆

Rad
(
M
)
+
Y

Y

${{X + Y} \over Y} \subseteq {{Rad(M) + Y} \over Y}$

. We show that the β** relation is an equivalence relation. We also investigate some general properties of this relation. This relation is used to define and study classes of Goldie-Rad-supplemented and Rad-H-supplemented modules. We prove M = A ⊕ B is Goldie-Rad-supplemented if and only if A and B are Goldie-Rad-supplemented.
Crop Protection and Its Effectiveness against Wildlife: A Case Study of Two Villages of Shivapuri National Park, Nepal
Authors: Pandey Sudip , Bajracharya Siddhartha Bajra
Published: January 2016

A complex relationship between the residents and protected areas continue to be an obstacle to successful conservation of protected areas. Conflicts between park authority and people living around the park pose a threat to conservation. Moreover, crop depredation due to wildlife incurs a severe economic loss to communities living in the close vicinity of the park, affecting the livelihood and well-being of locals. Many studies have been carried out emphasizing the identification and quantification of crop damage, but studies highlighting the means used for the crop protection and their effectiveness are limited. This paper examines frequency of the crop damage by wildlife and efficacy of utilized management practices in Shivapuri National Park (SNP). Altogether 132 households were visited in two buffer zone villages namely, Sikre and Jhor Mahankhal of Shivapuri National Park, Nepal. The study suggested that crop depredation by wildlife was a function of several factors, namely, distance of the farmland from the park, size of the crop raiding animals, frequency of their attacks on the farmland, and the type of crops. Five different measures were identified by the communities which they regularly used to prevent crop damage. Both traditional as well as modern means were used by households to guard crops from invading wild animals. The means of crop protection from wildlife differed according to the type of animal and crop being protected. Biofencing and trenches were effective for the small animals. Watch tower “Machans” and throwing flaming sticks and making noises were the most effective and safest means of crop guarding from all kind of animals. Though crop guarding was intensive, no means were found to be able to prevent crop damage completely. Thus, site specific management strategies as well as technical and financial support from donor organizations would be most useful to minimize crop loss.Nepal Journal of Science and Technology Vol. 16, No.1 (2015) pp. 1-10
Species Diversity, Forest Community Structure and Regeneration in Banke National Park
Authors: Napit Renu
Published: January 2016

Banke national park, located in Banke district of western Nepal with an area of 550 sq. km was established as the  tenth national park in 2010 A.D. Forest community structure, species diversity and natural regeneration were  studied in the Park. A total of 1067 plots at every interval of 200m were laid by line transect method for the study. In  each plot three concentric rings of radii of 10m, 5m, and 1m were laid down for the study of trees, shrubs/saplings  and herbs/seedlings respectively. The park was floristically rich with a total of 113 species of trees representing 57  genera and 28 families. Similarly 85 species of shrubs including climbers and 107 species of herbs including  herbaceous climbers, and grasses were recorded. The obtained results from the size class distribution of the trees  resembling inverse ‘J’ shape indicated the good regenerating capability of the forest in the park. Fifty eight species  of saplings and 40 species of seedlings of trees were recorded. From the quantitative study of the trees, the  dominant species was Shorea robusta based on IVI (important value index) values, which was followed by Terminalia  alata, Anogeissus latifolius, Mallotus philippinensis, etc. The total density stand (D) and basal area (BA) of the  park were 291.48 trees/ha and 21.13 m2/ha respectively. The highest density (D) and the basal area (BA) of S.  robusta was 46.07 trees /ha and 5.07m2/ha respectively. The species diversity index (H) of the tree species in BaNP  was 1.32, with species evenness (J) of 0.64 and index of dominance (C) of 0.08. A total of seven forest community  types were estimated in the Park. The size class distribution diagram of all trees showed right skewed (inverse J  shaped) pattern indicating a good regenerating capability of the forest. The regeneration of S. robusta, T. alata and  A. latifolius were higher in comparison to other tree species which was indicated by the higher seedlings and  saplings density of them. S. robusta was the dominant with saplings density of 200.49 / ha and seedlings density  of 27153.4 /ha.Nepal Journal of Science and Technology Vol. 16, No.1 (2015) pp. 17-30
Magnetic Susceptibility as a Tool of Lithological Mapping: A Case Study from Malekhu-Damauli Area of Central Nepal, Lesser Himalaya
Authors: Acharya Rajendra , Paudyal Kabiraj
Published: January 2016

Magnetic susceptibility (MS) along different roads, foot-trails and river sections has been measured in rock outcrops. The measured major sections are Malekhu-Dhading road, Mugling-Jugedi road, Ghumaune-Damauli road, Mugling-Anbu Khaireni-Badinpur road, Shivapur- Gwaslung road, Malekhu Khola section, Trishuli and Seti river sections and other small tributaries near road sections. A pocket susceptibility meter (ZH Instruments SM30) was used to measure MS values of rocks which belong to the Nawakot Group, Bhimphedi Group and the Tanahun Group. For the values of MS in the study area, site mean MS (average of 10 to 15 readings at each outcrop) data gave the following variations: (i) a large range of average MS between (-0.0097 - 387) x 10-3 SI; (ii) lowest MS magnitudes (<0.1 x 10-3 SI ) for quartzite, limestone, dolomite, which are predominantly composed of diamagnetic minerals (e.g. quartz, calcite and dolomite); (iii) intermediate range of (0.1-1.0 x 10-3 SI) was found in most shales, slates, phyllites, sandstones and schists; and (iv) high values (>1.0 x 10-3 SI) for amphibolites, green-schists, metasandstones, and iron rich beds. The range of unique values of MS could be used for lithological mapping and hence the stratigraphic as well as structural interpretations.Nepal Journal of Science and Technology Vol. 16, No.1 (2015) pp.49-58
A Survey on ANN Based Task Scheduling Strategies in Heterogeneous Distributed Computing Systems
Authors: Hussain Altaf , Azam Faisal , Sharif Muhammad , Yasmin Mussarat , Mohsin Sajjad
Published: January 2016

Heterogeneous Distributed Computing Systems (HeDCS) efficiently utilize the heterogeneity of diverse computational resources which are interlinked through high speed networks for executing a group of computing intensive applications. Directed acyclic graphs (DAGs) are usually used to represent these parallel applications with varied computational requirements and constraints. The optimal scheduling of the given set of precedence constrained tasks to available resources is a core concern in HeDCS and is known to be NP Complete problem. Non deterministic nature of application programs and heterogeneous environment are the main challenges in designing, implementing and analyzing phases of task scheduling techniques. A myriad of heuristic and meta-heuristic approaches have been proposed in the literature to solve this complex problem. The basic purpose of this study is to cover ANN based task scheduling strategies in the distributed computing environment perspective. Further existing scheduling heuristics could be classified in a new state of art classification including the description of frequently used parameters in the mentioned scheduling strategies. The flexible and powerful nature of ANN for identifying the data patterns, underlying time and other constraints and learning capabilities have shown to be a promising candidate among other heuristics.Nepal Journal of Science and Technology Vol. 16, No.1 (2015) pp. 69-78
Common Fixed Point Theorems for Mappings of Compatible Type(A) in Dislocated Metric Space
Authors: Panthi Dinesh , Kumari P. Sumati
Published: January 2016

In this article we establish a common fixed point result for two pairs of mappings of compatible type(A) in dislocated metric space which generalizes and extends the similar results in the literature.Nepal Journal of Science and Technology Vol. 16, No.1 (2015) pp. 79-86
Applications of Chitin and Chitosan in Industry and Medical Science: A Review
Authors: Pokhrel Shanta , Yadav Paras Nath , Adhikari Rameshwar
Published: January 2016

Chitin can be extracted from the exoskeletons of crustaceans, insects and mollusks and the cell wall of microorganisms. It can be converted into chitosan by deacetylation process. Chitosan shows more versatility than chitin due to its solubility and reactive free amino group (-NH2). This article helps to understand the importance and characteristics of chitin and chitosan by their various aspects such as properties and medical and industrial applications.Nepal Journal of Science and Technology Vol. 16, No.1 (2015) pp. 99-104