bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Patrimonio y educación en el contexto de la migración y de la regeneración comunitaria
Authors: Shearer Demir Hakan
Published: February 2025

En los últimos años, numerosos retos como los conflictos, el cambio climático, las recesiones económicas y las catástrofes medioambientales han provocado un aumento de los desplazamientos humanos. La creciente frustración entre las comunidades, unida a la erosión de las democracias en general, ha reavivado el debate sobre “nosotros” frente a “ellos/los otros”. En este debate, la cultura y el patrimonio juegan un papel central. Este artículo examina el papel del patrimonio y de la educación en el contexto de la regeneración comunitaria, mezclando lo desplazado con las comunidades locales. Centrándose en múltiples narrativas alternativas de personas y lugares, subraya la necesidad esencial de ir más allá de la cosificación del “otro” y establecer un terreno común para avanzar hacia una comunidad de iguales. Además, sostiene que es necesario imaginar otras las narrativas que superen la versión única oficial del Estado nación y tener en cuenta los puntos de vista de todos los habitantes, incluidos los recién llegados y las minorías. Para ello, es necesario examinar y explorar el papel del patrimonio desde la perspectiva de los derechos humanos y de la democracia, su potencial para crear vínculos orgánicos entre sectores y fomentar la movilización de los habitantes hacia sociedades más cohesionadas. Destaca que cuando el patrimonio y la educación se consideran elementos esenciales para la transformación social, desencadenan posibilidades de nuevas narrativas culturales que apuntalan la regeneración comunitaria mediante un cambio conceptual dentro de las comunidades. Por último, se ofrecen perspectivas sobre la necesidad de redefinir continuamente lo que los creadores de patrimonio de hoy entienden por “nosotros”, a través de iniciativas dirigidas por el patrimonio y basadas en la comunidad en una red de comunidades patrimoniales de toda Europa y más allá.
Surgical Management of Inflammatory Radicular Cyst in Maxillary Anterior Teeth: A Clinical Case Report
Authors: Al-Ashwal Ahmed , Awadh Omar Awadh Maroof , Mohammed Anaam Hala Ahmed , Ismael Al-dossary Omar Ahmed , Al-Kholani Abdulwahab Ismail
Published: February 2025

Inflammatory Radicular Cysts (IRCs) are odontogenic cysts resulting from chronic dental infections,
typically due to pulp necrosis secondary to conditions like dental caries or trauma. They develop from
epithelial remnants in periapical tissues stimulated by inflammation or immunological reactions. The
cysts manifest as well-defined radiolucent lesions on radiographs, commonly in the posterior maxilla,
particularly affecting lateral incisors and canines. Clinical symptoms vary from asymptomatic to
mild pain and swelling, often associated with non-responsive teeth on vitality tests. Treatment options
include surgical techniques like enucleation and root-end resection with retrograde filling. This case
report presents the successful surgical management of a large infected radicular cyst associated with
a maxillary anterior tooth, for a 39-year-old male patient reported to the Department of Conservative
Dentistry, EIU Dental College and Republican Hospital, Sana'a, with a chief complaint of swelling
in the upper front region. This case report aims to elucidate pathogenesis, clinical aspects, and
management strategies, emphasizing the role of cone-beam computed tomography in diagnosis and
treatment planning.
(Re)writing Global Gender Norms: The Role of Southern Actors - A Comment
Authors:   University of the West of Scotland, Paisley campus, UK, James Kieran Edmond
Published: February 2025

In this article, based on my personal experiences as an ethnographer working in Indonesia, Singapore
and Fiji, I provide two case studies of two women, who don’t know each other, who are ‘writing’ Global
Gender in Singapore and Indonesia. Both are wives and mothers, the former is a liberal-democratic
opposition party activist, while the latter is a black/death metal guitarist in a local, highly-respected
underground band. Both are totally committed to their chosen pathways and belief systems and act
as social glue within their organizations and subcultures (grounded cosmopolitanism, if you will).
Then, I present two mini-case studies that suggest some formidable barriers still exist to rewriting
Global Gender. If these barriers are not overcome, people will have to write Global Gender or notGlobal Gender within their own little independent silos or rooms with restricted views looking out over
dystopian landscapes characterized by surveillance, control, friendlessness and alienation
Efficacy and Safety of Feroxyl® in Pregnant Libyan Women From Second Trimester Onward: A Prospective Observational Study
Authors:   Benghazi medical centre, Benghazi, Libya, Gaddafi Aziza , Choueiry Patrick ,   Surveal, Lebanon
Published: February 2025

Introduction: Ferrous bis-glycinate is an oral iron preparation that shows great efficacy in increasing
Hb and ferritin levels in pregnant women and children with iron deficiency anemia (IDA). It has been
found to be more bioavailable and associated with fewer gastrointestinal side effects compared to iron
salts.
Objectives: This study aims to investigate the effects of Feroxyl®, a combination of ferrous bis-glycinate
and vitamins C, D, B9, and B12 on hemoglobin (Hb) and ferritin levels and other hematological
outcomes such as mean corpuscular volume (MCV), mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH), mean
corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC) and to report the occurrence of any side effects.
Methods: This prospective chart review was conducted on 50 pregnant women with moderate or
mild IDA at gestational ages between 20 and 32 weeks. Clinical examination and blood tests for Hb,
complete blood count, and serum iron indices were performed at baseline and 6-week follow-up visits.
Results: Supplementation with Feroxyl® demonstrated significant improvements in hematological
parameters including Hb and serum ferritin levels, MCV, MCH, and MCHC, which increased
significantly (p<0.001) compared to baseline. The study also highlighted the tolerability of Feroxyl®,
showing that 70.7% of participants experienced no adverse events after 6 weeks of supplementation.
Conclusions: Feroxyl® supplementation for 6 weeks is both effective and well tolerated for the
treatment of IDA in pregnant women, significantly improving Hb and serum ferritin levels and other
blood parameters, with a low incidence of side effects.
Nigeria's New National Oil Company and the Significant Role of Democratic Institutions in Determining its Success
Authors: Azubike Victor , Awe Akinwale
Published: February 2025

Restructuring any industry can be a thorny process, especially the oil and gas industry of a country where these natural resources make up over 60% of its exports. Nigeria's government, passing the Petroleum Industry Act 2021, set an energy industry restructuring in motion. The creation of a new National Oil Company (NOC) – NNPC Limited - became a key part of this industry's restructuring. However, experience from a wide range of jurisdictions shows that laws and democratic institutional frameworks play a key role in ensuring the sustained success of a country's NOC, greatly contributing to energy security, and economic and social development for its people. In this case, a reformed NOC cannot achieve its set objectives in isolation, nor can it operate in a legal and institutional vacuum. Further, the criticism commonly levelled against NOCs, and here particularly the NNPC, of being opaque, should be an issue of the past. Taking into account the range of views and experiences available, this article argues that for the energy sector of a country to prosper, it must be built upon transparent and accountable democratic institutions.
Noncognitive Skills. Module 12
Authors:   HoltIS Association, Association HoltIS
Published: February 2025

The Session ”Noncognitive Skills” explores skills that can be learned and developed, which are scientifically proven to play a role as significant as cognitive skills in helping young people build a positive life and avoid risky behaviors. In the first part of the session, parents will explore the theoretical aspects of the 7 C's (confidence, competence, connection, character, control, coping, and contribution), as well as non-cognitive skills such as those related to personal dimensions—self-concept, self-efficacy, self-regulation, motivation, creativity—and those related to social or civic areas. These skills are vital in developing resilience, defined as positive adaptation to situations despite the presence of risk. In the second part of the session, participants will apply these theoretical concepts through various practical activities. This module is part of the materials dedicated to the training of parental educators.
Association between Hp infection and serum uric acid to high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio in adults
Authors: Qin Zihan , Fang Yinuo , Liu Yifei , Zhang Lingye , Zhang Ruoyi , Zhang Shutian
Published: February 2025

Background

Helicobacter pylori (Hp) infection is one of the major global health problems resulting in multiple system disorders. The serum uric acid to high density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio (UHR) is a novel index of inflammation and metabolism, but its association with the development of Hp infection is still unclear.

Materials and methods

This is a cross-sectional study involving 2,666 participants, using data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) conducted in the United States. The relationship between UHR and Hp infection was evaluated by multivariate logistic regression and sensitivity analysis to enhance the stability of the results.

Results

Among all individuals, 1,165 were Hp positive (43.7%) and 1,501 were Hp negative (56.3%). After adjustment, there was a positive correlation between UHR and Hp infection (OR = 1.15; 95% CI 1.02–1.30; P = 0.020). This association is relatively stable in the subgroup analysis (P > 0.05).

Conclusion

There is a positive correlation between the UHR and the development of Hp infection in our study. This non-invasive indicator can improve the ability to monitor Hp infection and may find alternative therapeutic intervention targets.
Peripheral-central correlation study of acupuncture for chronic tinnitus study protocol for a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Jiang Da , Huang Xiao-Han , Fang Ke , Zhao Ming-Hui , Li Yang , Hu Han-Tong , Fang Lian-Qiang , Gao Hong , Zhou Jie
Published: February 2025

Purpose

(1) Exploring the evaluation and correlation of peripheral central auditory function in patients with chronic tinnitus. (2) Evaluation of the cumulative effect of acupuncture on peripheral central auditory function in patients with chronic tinnitus.

Method

Our research is structured as a regulated and randomized trial with assessor blinding. Seventy-two participants who qualify with chronic tinnitus will be allocated in a 1:1 ratio to either the acupuncture group or the sham acupuncture group. Additionally, we will recruit 15 healthy individuals as subjects for data collection to observe the correlation of peripheral-central auditory function under different physiological states.

Result

Clinical result metrics encompass the Tinnitus Handicap Inventory (THI), ABR testing, and fNIRS data collection. Evaluations will be carried out at baseline, after 10 treatment sessions.

Conclusion

This research are anticipated to improve our comprehension of the effectiveness and fundamental processes of acupuncture in addressing persistent tinnitus and deeply explain the mechanism of action of the acupuncture method on chronic tinnitus.

Clinical trial registration

ClinicalTrials.gov, identifier NCT06401993.
Stakeholders’ feedback integration in spatial planning using Importance Performance Analysis: the case of the Provincial Strategic Plan of the Autonomous Province of Bolzano-South Tyrol (IT)
Authors: Ravazzoli Elisa , Dalla Torre Cristina , Labadini Alice , Maino Federica
Published: February 2025

Importance Performance Analysis (IPA) is a research method employed to comprehend and analyze stakeholder feedback on particular issues. A substantial body of research has demonstrated the efficacy of this methodology as a quantitative approach. To date, there has been a paucity of research using IPA as a methodology for integrating stakeholder feedback into the development of strategic spatial plans. The integration of stakeholder feedback is crucial for the development of inclusive, well-informed, and responsive decision-making processes. The objective of this paper is to contribute to the existing body of knowledge on the utilization of the IPA method in the context of spatial planning. This research presented in this paper employs the Provincial Strategic Plan of the Autonomous Province of Bolzano-Bozen as a case study. In particular, the IPA method was employed to analyze the level of importance and performance of the objectives set out in the Provincial Strategic Plan. Importance refers to the importance of the specific objectives for the future development of the area, while performance refers to how well the specific objectives were formulated. The IPA method has been demonstrated to be an effective assessment instrument. The findings demonstrate that the IPA approach enabled the effective gathering of stakeholders’ feedback in a systematic manner, identifying pivotal issues and potential shortcomings, and providing policy makers with structured recommendations on how to reformulate strategies and plans.
Plastic residues and microplastics in agroecosystems: How Egyptian farmers perceive the risks?
Authors: Kassem Hazem S. , Mosa Ahmed , Bhattacharya Mondira , AbouElnaga Mohammed , Elagamy Moshira , Atiya Doaa , Elgamal Belal , Osbahr Henny
Published: February 2025

The widespread presence of microplastic contamination is now recognized as an evolving issue with detrimental effects on agroecosystems. In response, governments and environmental organizations have emphasized the severity of plastic residues and microplastics (MPs) to the public, urging responsible and sustainable plastic use. However, limited research has been conducted to investigate farmers’ perceptions of plastic pollution. This study aims to identify the various risks—environmental, economic, health, and social—associated with plastic residues and MPs in three governorates of Egypt. The study found that 48.3% of farmers exhibited a low level of awareness regarding microplastic contamination. Despite this, most farmers perceived MPs as a significant threat to the well-being of their communities. The accumulation of plastic residues has led to aesthetic pollution, identified as one of the most prominent social risks. Among environmental risks, air quality contamination was highly recognized. However, the impacts of MPs on soil and water contamination, agricultural productivity, and animal health remain areas where farmers lack a comprehensive understanding. The findings revealed that farmers’ levels of awareness were positively influenced by factors such as plasticulture size, the diversity of plasticulture systems, years of plasticulture utilization, and geographical location (specifically, the Giza governorate). Conversely, satisfaction with plastic quality had a significantly negative effect on farmers’ perceptions. These results highlight the urgent need for awareness programs and campaigns targeting farmers to educate them about the hazards associated with plastics and MPs. Additionally, policymakers and other stakeholders in the plastic value chain must collaborate to address and mitigate the problems caused by plastics and MPs in agriculture.
Partial cricotracheal resection for treatment of subglottic stenosis: complications and outcomes
Authors: Meulemans Jeroen , Mouqni Laila , Ostyn Noah , Di Santo Davide , Hens Greet , Vander Poorten Vincent , Dooms Christophe , De Crem Nico , De Leyn Paul , Goeleven Ann , Delaere Pierre
Published: February 2025

Purpose

Subglottic stenosis (SGS) is defined as an obstruction of the subglottic area, potentially extending towards the first tracheal rings. Although endoscopic procedures are frequently preferred as first-line treatment, (partial) cricotracheal resection (PCTR) offers the most durable results. This study aims at reporting and analysing complications and respiratory and vocal outcomes after PCTR.

Methods

For this retrospective cohort analysis, the files of 37 patients with SGS who underwent PCTR in a tertiary referral center were reviewed. Patient- and stenosis-characteristics along with postoperative outcomes and complications were analyzed using descriptive statistics.

Results

The majority of patients were female (95%), which reflects the high incidence of idiopathic SGS in our patient group (89.2% vs. 2.7% postintubation SGS and 8.1% SGS related to systemic inflammatory disease). Most patients presented with a Cotton grade II (35.1%) and III (54.1%) stenosis, with a mean craniocaudal stenosis length of 17.5 mm. The vast majority of patients (89.2%) had undergone previous endoscopic procedures. The most common complication after PCTR was fibrin deposit/granulation tissue formation at the anastomotic site (n = 15, 40.5%). Other complications were rare, with anastomotic dehiscence, postoperative haemorrhage and vocal cord paralysis each in 1 patient (2.7%), temporary tracheostomy in 2 patients (5.4%), and postoperative wound infection in 3 patients (8.1%). During follow-up, only 2 patients (5.4%) developed restenosis which was successfully salvaged by endoscopic procedures. No patients were long-term tracheostomy dependent. Post-operative mean peak expiratory flow (PEF) percentage showed a 43.7% increase compared to pre-operative. For the mean increase in maximum inspiratory flow (MIF) at 50% this was 1.3 L/s. VHI (voice handicap index) scores increased significantly from baseline preoperative score of 27.5 (±23.7) to a mean value of 54.9 (±18.7) (p = 0.002) 1-month postoperatively but decreased below preoperative scores after 2 years (22.2 ± 18.1, p = 0.036).

Conclusion

PCTR is an efficient treatment for SGS, with low complication rates, a low rate of long-term restenosis and good vocal outcomes.
A Combined Optimization Method for the Transition Control Schedules of Aero-Engines
Authors: Hao Wang , Zhang Xiaobo , Li Baokuo , Wang Zhanxue , Li Dawei
Published: February 2025

A well designed transition control schedule can enable the engine to quickly and smoothly transition from one operating state to another, thereby enhancing the maneuverability of the aircraft. Although traditional pointwise optimization methods are fast in solving the transition control schedules, their optimized control schedules suffer from fluctuation problems. While global optimization methods can suppress fluctuation problems, their slow solving speed makes them unsuitable for engineering applications. In this paper, a combined optimization method for the transition control schedules of aero-engines is proposed. This method divided the optimization of the control schedules into two layers. In the outer-layer optimization, the global optimization technique was utilized to suppress the fluctuation of geometrically adjustable parameters. In the inner-layer optimization, the pointwise optimization technique was adopted to quickly obtain the control schedule of fuel flow rate. Moreover, a construction method of non-uniform control points in the global optimization layer was proposed, which significantly reduced the number of control points that needed to be optimized; thus, improving the efficiency of global optimization. The optimization problem of the acceleration and deceleration control schedules of a mixed-flow turbofan engine was used to verify the effectiveness of the combined optimization method. The results show that, compared with the pointwise optimization method, the transition time optimized by the combined optimization method shows no obvious difference. The control schedules optimized by the combined optimization method are not only smooth but can also prevent some components from approaching their working boundaries.
Association Between Individual Animal Traits, Competitive Success and Drinking Behavior in Dairy Cows After Milking
Authors: Burkhardt Franziska Katharina , Wahlen Rieke , Hayer Jason Jeremia , Steinhoff-Wagner Julia
Published: February 2025

After milking, dairy cows seek the nearest water trough, but access depends on competitive success. This study descriptively characterized individual drinking behavior after milking in association with physiological traits and competitive success in a herd of 42 lactating Brown Swiss cows held in a free-range barn. Cows were milked and fed twice a day, and the drinking behavior was video recorded after leaving the milking parlor during 22 milkings in July 2022. Water consumption and 33 behavioral parameters were recorded. Competitive success was defined by an index calculation. Milk production traits correlated positively with the number of trough visits, the total duration of drinking, the duration of water intake and drinking breaks, and the water volume consumed. High-yielding dairy cows exhibited twice as many agonistic interactions as low-yielding ones, suggesting that performance-based grouping increases aggressive interactions. Further, subtle dominance interactions, such as “staring”, comprise a major part of confrontations at the trough. Cows with low competitive success more frequently pursued other activities before they drank and were more frequently interrupted by agonistic interactions. Considering body and performance traits in association with individual drinking patterns in evaluating on-farm water management seemed valuable, therefore, a review of current recommendations for water supply is suggested.
Measuring Noseband Tightness on the Lateral Aspect of the Horse’s Face
Authors: MacKechnie-Guire Russell , Clayton Hilary , Williams Jane , Marlin David , Fisher Mark , Fisher Diana , Walker Victoria , Murray Rachel
Published: February 2025

Measuring tools designed to objectively determine equine noseband tightness are inserted on the dorsal nasal planum in a rostro-caudal direction. The lateral aspect of the horse’s head has several areas where minimal soft tissue intervenes between the skin and underlying bone, which makes them potentially useful sites for measuring noseband tightness. One hundred horses were fitted with a snaffle bridle with a cavesson, Swedish or dropped noseband in random order. The tightness of each noseband type was adjusted sequentially to 2.0, 1.5, 1.0, 0.5 and 0.0 finger-equivalents using an ISES Taper Gauge. For each adjustment, a digital calliper determined the distance (mm) between the inner surface of the noseband at three lateral locations: (1) lateral nasal bone, (2) lateral maxilla rostral to the facial crest, and (3) lateral mandible. Friedman’s analysis was used to test the differences between locations (p < 0.02). No differences were found between 2.0 and 1.5 finger-equivalent tightness at the nasal and maxillary sites for the cavesson (p = 0.89, p = 0.03, respectively) and Swedish (p = 0.06, p = 0.40, respectively) noseband. When adjusted between 2.0 to 0.5 finger-equivalent tightness, the coefficient of variation was “good” for the nasal (16%) and maxilla (19%) sites. These results indicate that a lateral measuring site may provide a suitable addition to dorsal midline measurements.
Presentation (Chopped Versus Ground and Pelleted) of a Low-Quality Alfalfa Hay in Sheep: Effects on Intake, Feeding Behaviour, Rumen Fill and Digestion, and Passage
Authors: de Vega Antonio , Gasa Josep , Castrillo Carlos , Guada José Antonio
Published: February 2025

A voluminous amount of knowledge has been collected about the effects of the rate and amount of intake and of the rate and amount of digesta flow out of the rumen on rumen fill and, hence, intake. However, the mechanisms by which small particles in the rumen are selected for passage have not been clearly identified. Grinding and pelleting have been alleged to either enhance or reduce entrapment; hence, the relationships between particle size and digestion and passage kinetics are not sufficiently clear, as it is not the effect of rumen digesta particle size on marker dilution kinetics. On these grounds, the aim of the present experiment was to examine the behaviour of small particles within the rumen and determine if their retention time by passage or digestion pathways alter under pelleting and control intake. In the present experiment, the effects of a low-quality alfalfa hay presentation (chopped vs. ground and pelleted) on intake, feeding behaviour, rumen fill and digestion, and passage were assessed in adult wethers. Pelleting increased intake without alteration of either the maximum amount of digesta present in the rumen or degradation rates. The faster dilution rate of the liquid phase with the pelleted hay, likely including significant amounts of particles <0.15 mm, should be the main factor for the higher intake with this diet.
Can the Wolf (Canis lupus) Thrive in Highly Anthropised Lowlands? First Habitat Suitability Analysis of the Po Plain, Italy
Authors: Fardone Luca , Forlani Martina , Canova Luca , De Luca Matteo , Meriggi Alberto
Published: February 2025

Coexisting with large carnivores in human-dominated European landscapes is a highly relevant and current challenge. Over the last two centuries, the wolf (Canis lupus) population in Europe has experienced a significant decline, primarily due to direct human persecution. However, recent conservation policies, combined with the species’ remarkable ecological flexibility, have enabled a rapid recovery. This process, which now also extends to densely populated areas, is exemplified by the ongoing expansion across the Po Plain, one of Europe’s most heavily human-dominated landscapes. Our study aims to provide the first assessment of habitat suitability for wolf presence in the Po Plain. Using a ten-year dataset of wolf occurrences (2015–2024), we evaluated the influence of several environmental and human-related factors by applying habitat suitability models with the Maximum Entropy algorithm (MaxEnt). The goal was to quantify potentially suitable habitats within the plain and to identify the factors that could either facilitate or constrain wolf presence. The results showed that approximately half of the Po Plain is suitable for wolf presence. Among anthropogenic variables, “urban areas” was the only factor that significantly and negatively affected habitat suitability, while other variables had negligible impacts. This underscores the species’ remarkable ecological and behavioural adaptability. By investigating wolf distribution in one of Europe’s most anthropised regions, this study aims to shed light on the species’ ability to thrive in human-altered landscapes, contributing to ongoing conservation efforts and informing future strategies for coexistence in highly populated lowland ecosystems.
Ultrasonographic Ventral Hip Joint Approach and Relationship with Joint Laxity in Estrela Mountain Dogs
Authors: Tomé Inês , Alves-Pimenta Sofia , Colaço Bruno , Ginja Mário
Published: February 2025

Hip dysplasia (HD) is a prevalent disease in medium- to large-breed dogs, characterized by joint laxity and degenerative joint changes. The early diagnosis of HD poses significant challenges, as radiographic imaging often identifies the disease only in advanced stages. Conversely, ultrasonography, a non-invasive and cost-effective imaging modality, offers the potential for earlier detection by evaluating the surrounding soft tissues and synovial changes. This study aimed to assess the relationship between the ventral hip ultrasonographic findings, and hip joint laxity evaluated through stress radiographs on 22 young Estrela Mountain dogs (n = 44 hips) aged 4 to 8 months. Key ultrasound measurements included synovial fluid in the cranial femoral neck recess (CFNR) and capsular-synovial fold thickness (CFT). Radiographic laxity was estimated by measuring the distraction index (DI). The median (quartile 25–75%) of the CFNR area, CFT, and DI were 44.00 (27.00–52.25) mm2, 3.10 (2.68–3.55) mm, and 0.38 (0.34–0.40), respectively. The Spearman correlation coefficient was statistically significant between all of these variables (p < 0.05). The ventral ultrasonographic approach to the hip joint revealed potential, considering the early diagnosis of HD in dogs, by showing relationships between changes in periarticular soft tissues and joint laxity. Further studies are needed to associate ultrasonographic findings with radiographic signs of HD and related clinical signs in dogs.
Exploring the Boundaries Between LLM Code Clone Detection and Code Similarity Assessment on Human and AI-Generated Code
Authors: Zhang Zixian , Saber Takfarinas
Published: February 2025

As Large Language Models (LLMs) continue to advance, their capabilities in code clone detection have garnered significant attention. While much research has assessed LLM performance on human-generated code, the proliferation of LLM-generated code raises critical questions about their ability to detect clones across both human- and LLM-created codebases, as this capability remains largely unexplored. This paper addresses this gap by evaluating two versions of LLaMA3 on these distinct types of datasets. Additionally, we perform a deeper analysis beyond simple prompting, examining the nuanced relationship between code cloning and code similarity that LLMs infer. We further explore how fine-tuning impacts LLM performance in clone detection, offering new insights into the interplay between code clones and similarity in human versus AI-generated code. Our findings reveal that LLaMA models excel in detecting syntactic clones but face challenges with semantic clones. Notably, the models perform better on LLM-generated datasets for semantic clones, suggesting a potential bias. The fine-tuning technique enhances the ability of LLMs to comprehend code semantics, improving their performance in both code clone detection and code similarity assessment. Our results offer valuable insights into the effectiveness and characteristics of LLMs in clone detection and code similarity assessment, providing a foundation for future applications and guiding further research in this area.
Hallmarks of Brain Plasticity
Authors: Statsenko Yauhen , Kuznetsov Nik V. , Ljubisaljevich Milos
Published: February 2025

Cerebral plasticity is the ability of the brain to change and adapt in response to experience or learning. Its hallmarks are developmental flexibility, complex interactions between genetic and environmental influences, and structural–functional changes comprising neurogenesis, axonal sprouting, and synaptic remodeling. Studies on brain plasticity have important practical implications. The molecular characteristics of changes in brain plasticity may reveal disease course and the rehabilitative potential of the patient. Neurological disorders are linked with numerous cerebral non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs), in particular, microRNAs; the discovery of their essential role in gene regulation was recently recognized and awarded a Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 2024. Herein, we review the association of brain plasticity and its homeostasis with ncRNAs, which make them putative targets for RNA-based diagnostics and therapeutics. New insight into the concept of brain plasticity may provide additional perspectives on functional recovery following brain damage. Knowledge of this phenomenon will enable physicians to exploit the potential of cerebral plasticity and regulate eloquent networks with timely interventions. Future studies may reveal pathophysiological mechanisms of brain plasticity at macro- and microscopic levels to advance rehabilitation strategies and improve quality of life in patients with neurological diseases.
Could microRNA Analysis Help in the Management of Medullary Thyroid Cancer?
Authors: Febrero Beatriz , Ros-Madrid Inmaculada , Revilla-Nuin Beatriz , Abellán Miriam , Ruiz-Manzanera Juan José , Gómez Joaquín , Rodríguez José M.
Published: February 2025

Introduction. In medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC), calcitonin levels and TNM staging are established prognostic factors. However, the diagnostic accuracy of cytology in MTC is poor. In this context, microRNAs (miRNAs) may be useful as valuable biomarkers, although evidence in MTC remains scarce. The aim of this study was to determine the expression of several miRNAs in patients with MTC and to investigate their association with clinical aggressiveness. Methods. Twenty-five patients undergoing surgery for MTC were included. miRNA expression profiles (miR-183-5p, miR-375-5p, miR-144-3p, miR-34a-5p, and miR-200c-3p) were analyzed in both histological samples of MTC and paired healthy thyroid tissue. cDNA synthesis was performed using the miRCURY LNA RT Kit (Exiqon Ref. 339340 Qiagen, Hilden, Germany). Gene expression was studied by real-time PCR using the QuantStudio 5 kit (Applied Biosystem). Variables included epidemiological, clinical, and follow-up variables. Statistical analysis: SPSS v.29. Kruskal–Wallis, Mann–Whitney U, and Spearman’s ρ tests were used. Results. Sixty percent (n = 15) were female and 56% (n = 14) had familial CMT. The mean age at diagnosis was 41.8 years. The median expression of miR-200c-3p, miR-144-3p, miR-34a-5p, miR183-5p, and miR-375-5p was 1.02, 0.923, 1.002, 7.666, and 2.226, respectively. Significant differences in expression were found for miR183-5p and 375-5p (p = 0.001) compared to paired healthy thyroid tissue. Patients with a higher disease-free survival (DFS) showed higher expression of 200c-3p (ρ = 0.456, p = 0.022). Conclusions. The expression of miRNAs 183-5p and 375-5p may help us to diagnose MTC, and a lower expression of miRNA 200C-3p may indicate a higher clinical aggressiveness.
Shear Failure Analysis of 3D Seven-Directional Braided Composites
Authors: Dang Bingnan , Tang Ju , Shang Yan , Cai Deng’an
Published: February 2025

According to the “four-step” braiding technique, this paper analyzed the movement laws of internal space yarns in the projection plane and in space, and established a 3D seven-direction braided composite material solid finite element model by combining the observed yarn directions on the surface and side of the preform. Based on the 3D Hashin criterion, a progressive damage failure analysis method was adopted to study the shear failure mechanism of 3D seven-direction braided composites. The effect of braided angles on the elastic properties and crack propagation path of the fabric was discussed. The failure modes and mechanisms of 3D seven-directional braided composites were also observed and analyzed by electron microscope and scanning electron microscope. The results show that the shear failure mode is mainly caused by matrix failure, interface damage, and fiber fracture and pull-out. The fiber cross-sections at the shear fracture surface are at a certain angle, indicating that the fibers are subjected to both transverse and axial stresses during the shear process. It also can be seen that the initial damage occurs at the interface between the matrix and the fiber bundle. As the crack propagates, tensile damage occurs inside the fiber bundle, forming cracks and eventually leading to the failure of the entire structure. The accuracy of proposed method for predicting 3D seven-directional braided composites was verified by the shear experimental results.
Genetic Diversity and Differentiation in Plathymenia reticulata Benth.: A Comparative Study of Forest and Cocoa Agroforest Systems in the Atlantic Forest Domain
Authors: Waqar Zubaria , Fernandes Ane Karoline Campos , Conceição Taise Almeida , Gaiotto Fernanda Amato
Published: February 2025

Tropical forests, housing about two-thirds of Earth’s terrestrial biodiversity, face significant deforestation and fragmentation, leading to the loss of over half their area. Conservation and restoration efforts are crucial, especially for regions like the Brazilian Atlantic Forest, which suffers with a reduction in biomass and species diversity. The Brazilian agroforest system, typical from the region of Southern Bahia called “cabruca”, are helping to mitigate these effects by combining cocoa cultivation with forest management, enhancing both socio-economic and environmental benefits. In a study focusing on Plathymenia reticulata, a tree species native to the Atlantic Forest, we evaluated the effectiveness of the cabruca agroforest system versus the natural forest for maintaining genetic diversity and landscape connectivity. Results showed that cabruca systems, while managed, exhibit a level of genetic diversity compared to natural forests. However, forest populations remain critical for their genetic reservoirs and adaptability. The cabrucas agroforest system also showed higher inbreeding levels, emphasizing the need for effective management to reduce inbreeding risks.
A Machine-Learning-Based Analysis of Resting State Electroencephalogram Signals to Identify Latent Schizotypal and Bipolar Development in Healthy University Students
Authors: Gubics Flórián , Nagy Ádám , Dombi József , Pálfi Antónia , Szabó Zoltán , Viharos Zsolt János , Hoang Anh Tuan , Bilicki Vilmos , Szendi István
Published: February 2025

Background: Early and accurate diagnosis is crucial for effective prevention and treatment of severe mental illnesses, such as schizophrenia and bipolar disorder. However, identifying these conditions in their early stages remains a significant challenge. Our goal was to develop a method capable of detecting latent disease liability in healthy volunteers. Methods: Using questionnaires examining affective temperament and schizotypal traits among voluntary, healthy university students (N = 710), we created three groups. These were a group characterized by an emphasis on positive schizotypal traits (N = 20), a group showing cyclothymic temperament traits (N = 17), and a control group showing no susceptibility in either direction (N = 21). We performed a resting-state EEG examination as part of a complex psychological, electrophysiological, psychophysiological, and laboratory battery, and we developed feature-selection machine-learning methods to differentiate the low-risk groups. Results: Both low-risk groups could be reliably (with 90% accuracy) separated from the control group. Conclusions: Models applied to the data allowed us to differentiate between healthy university students with latent schizotypal or bipolar tendencies. Our research may improve the sensitivity and specificity of risk-state identification, leading to more effective and safer secondary prevention strategies for individuals in the prodromal phases of these disorders.
Clinical Impact of Neutrophil Variation on COVID-19 Complications
Authors: El Azhary Khadija , Ghazi Bouchra , Kouhen Fadila , El Bakkouri Jalila , Chamlal Hasna , El Ghanmi Adil , Badou Abdallah
Published: February 2025

Background/Objectives: Corona virus disease 2019 (COVID-19) poses a threat to global public health. The early identification of critical cases is crucial to providing timely treatment to patients. Here, we investigated whether the neutrophil levels could predict COVID-19 complications. Methods: We performed a retrospective study of patients with COVID-19, admitted to the Cheikh Khalifa International University Hospital, Casablanca, Morocco. Laboratory test results collected upon admission and during hospitalization were analyzed based on clinical information. Results: Our study revealed that a rise in neutrophil “PNN” levels was associated with respiratory deterioration and intubation. They were positively correlated with the procalcitonin and C-reactive protein levels. Interestingly, PNN (polynuclear neutrophil) levels on day 5 proved to be a better predictor of intubation, acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), and mortality than the initial PNN counts, C-reactive protein, or procalcitonin. Moreover, binary logistic regression with stratified PNN-day 5 data revealed that a PNN level on day 5 > 7.7 (109/L) was an independent risk factor for mortality and ARDS. Finally, the PNN levels on day 5 and proinflammatory cytokine IL-6 were positively correlated. Conclusions: Our data showed that neutrophilia proved to be an excellent predictor of complications and mortality during hospitalization and could be used to improve the management of patients with COVID-19.
PolyDeep Advance 1: Clinical Validation of a Computer-Aided Detection System for Colorectal Polyp Detection with a Second Observer Design
Authors: Davila-Piñón Pedro , Pedrido Teresa , Díez-Martín Astrid Irene , Herrero Jesús , Puga Manuel , Rivas Laura , Sánchez Eloy , Zarraquiños Sara , Pin Noel , Vega Pablo , Soto Santiago , Remedios David , Domínguez-Carbajales Rubén , Fdez-Riverola Florentino , Nogueira-Rodríguez Alba , Glez-Peña Daniel , Reboiro-Jato Miguel , López-Fernández Hugo , Cubiella Joaquín
Published: February 2025

Background: PolyDeep is a computer-aided detection and characterization system that has demonstrated a high diagnostic yield for in vitro detection of colorectal polyps. Our objective is to compare the diagnostic performance of expert endoscopists and PolyDeep for colorectal polyp detection. Methods: PolyDeep Advance 1 (NCT05514301) is an unicentric diagnostic test study with a second observer design. Endoscopists performed colonoscopy blinded to PolyDeep’s detection results. The main endpoint was the sensitivity for colorectal polyp (adenoma, serrated or hyperplastic lesion) detection. The secondary endpoints were the diagnostic performance for diminutive lesions (≤5 mm), neoplasia (adenoma, serrated lesion) and adenoma detection. Results: We included 205 patients (55.1% male, 63.0 ± 6.2 years of age) referred to colonoscopy (positive faecal immunochemical occult blood test = 60.5%, surveillance colonoscopy = 39.5%). We excluded eight patients due to incomplete colonoscopy. Endoscopists detected 384 lesions, of which 39 were not detected by PolyDeep. In contrast, PolyDeep predicted 410 possible additional lesions, 26 of these predictions confirmed by endoscopists as lesions, resulting in a potential 6.8% detection increase with respect to the 384 lesions detected by the endoscopists. In total, 410 lesions were detected, 20 were not retrieved, five were colorectal adenocarcinoma, 343 were colorectal polyps (231 adenomas, 39 serrated and 73 hyperplastic polyps), 42 were normal mucosa and 289 were ≤5 mm. We did not find statistically significant differences between endoscopists and PolyDeep for colorectal polyp detection (Sensitivity = 94.2%, 91.5%, p = 0.2; Specificity = 9.5%, 14.3%, p = 0.7), diminutive lesions (Sensitivity = 92.3%, 89.5%, p = 0.4; Specificity = 9.8%, 14.6%, p = 0.7), neoplasia (Sensitivity = 95.2%, 92.9%, p = 0.3; Specificity = 9.6%, 13.9%, p = 0.4) and adenoma detection (Sensitivity = 94.4%, 92.6%, p = 0.5; Specificity = 7.2%, 11.8%, p = 0.2). Conclusions: Expert endoscopists and PolyDeep have similar diagnostic performance for colorectal polyp detection.
A Case Report of Madelung’s Disease in Romania
Authors: Cucu Andrei Ionut , Sava Anca , Bobu Amelian Madalin , Costea Claudia Florida , Hartie Vlad Liviu , Patrascanu Emilia , Blaj Laurentiu Andrei , Buzduga Catalin Mihai , Dumitrescu Ana Maria , Tamas Camelia , Istrate Ana Cristina , Boisteanu Otilia
Published: February 2025

Background: Madelung’s disease is a rare lipid metabolic disorder characterized by diffuse and symmetrical adipose tissue deposits in the subcutaneous fascial spaces, presenting with multiple painless masses throughout the body. The disease is more common in middle-aged adults with a history of chronic alcohol consumption. Case Report: This article reports a case of Madelung’s disease from Romania in a 67-year-old man admitted to our department for multiple adipose masses located in the neck and upper back. MRI examination of the head and neck revealed symmetrical and non-encapsulated fat deposition. Surgical intervention was performed to resect the adipose masses. The article also discusses the etiology, clinical manifestations, diagnosis, and surgical treatment of large adipose lesions. Conclusions: This case report provides insights for the diagnosis and treatment of Madelung’s syndrome.
A Review, Analysis, and Roadmap to Support the Short-Term and Long-Term Sustainability of the European Crafts Sector
Authors: Partarakis Nikolaos , Zabulis Xenophon , Meghini Carlo , Dubois Arnaud , Moreno Ines , Ringas Chistodoulos , Ziova Aikaterini , Kaplanidi Danai , Arnaud David , Crescenzo Noël , Hee Patricia , Ortega Juan José , Garrido Josefina , Benvenuti Marie-Adelaide , Krivokapic Jelena
Published: February 2025

This publication highlights the strategic combination of the preservation of heritage and innovation for supporting the sustainability of traditional crafts in Europe. Demonstrating both challenges and opportunities faced by artisans, there is a need to balance cultural authenticity and the pressures of current markets and environmental imperatives. The research has explored interventions at three levels of craft practice, education, and training and recommends practical directions on short- and long-term bases. Key findings include new materials and technologies to revitalize crafts, the integration of digital tools in education, and cross-border collaboration, which are considered vital for enhancing the visibility and viability of traditional crafts. The circular economy principles and eco-certifications emerge as key to aligning traditional crafts with global sustainability goals. The analysis also highlights cultural policies and funding mechanisms as a means of encouraging innovation and promoting the resilience of the craft sector. The publication, by weaving together case studies, policy analysis, and strategic recommendations, provides a comprehensive roadmap for stakeholders—from artisans and educators to policymakers and researchers—to ensure that the legacy and relevance of Europe’s rich craft heritage continue.
Genome-Wide Identification of the CIF Gene Family and Protein Interaction with GSO1s Under the p-HBA-Induced Continuous Cropping Obstacle in Pogostemon cablin
Authors: Fang Jieyun , Liu Siru , Su Yating , Zeeshan Ul Haq Muhammad , Wu Yougen , Liu Ya , Ren Xiuxia
Published: February 2025

Casparian strip integrity factors (CIFs), which are tyrosine-sulfated small peptides, are crucial genes involved in the formation and regulation of the Casparian strip and play an important role in the regulation of plant stress response. In order to explore the evolution, characteristics, role, and function of CIFs in response to continuous cropping obstacles (CCOs), the bioinformatics and gene expression analysis of CIF genes in Pogostemon cablin was carried out by determining the phylogenetic relationship, chromosome location, gene structure, and RT–qPCR results. Results showed that a total of 12 PatCIF family genes were identified on 12 different chromosomes. Promoter prediction analysis revealed 16 different cis-regulatory elements. A systematic evolutionary study of 33 species indicates CIF family genes originated from Spermatophyta. Collinearity analysis revealed P. cablin shared 19 syntenic genes with Solanum lycopersicum and only 8 with Oryza sativa. Transcriptome analysis indicated that the expression of PatCIF1–4 and PatGSO1b/1c/1f genes decreased under p-hydroxybenzoic acid treatment, and further RT–qPCR validation of four PatCIF genes was consistent with the results. AlphaFold prediction showed a protein interaction region between PatCIF1–4 mature peptide and PatGSO1b/1c/1f via the LRR domain, which provides a key binding surface for mature PatCIFs. This study offers a theoretical basis to investigate the roles of PatCIFs and PatGSO1s in CCOs and their protein interactions in P. cablin.