bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ORCHIDEE MICT-LEAK (r5459), a global model for the production, transport and transformation of dissolved organic carbon from Arctic permafrost regions, Part 1: Rationale, model description and simulation protocol
Authors: Bowring Simon P. K. , Lauerwald Ronny , Guenet Bertrand , Zhu Dan , Guimberteau Matthieu , Tootchi Ardalan , Ducharne Agnès , Ciais Philippe
Published: March 2019

Abstract. Few Earth System models adequately represent the unique permafrost soil biogeochemistry and its respective processes; this significantly contributes to uncertainty in estimating their responses, and that of the planet at large, to warming. Likewise, the riverine component of what is known as the "boundless carbon cycle" is seldom recognized in Earth System modeling. Hydrological mobilization of organic material from a ~ 1330–1580 PgC carbon stock to the river network results either in sedimentary settling or atmospheric "evasion", processes widely expected to increase with amplified Arctic climate warming. Here, the production, transport and atmospheric release of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) from high-latitude permafrost soils into inland waters and the ocean is explicitly represented for the first time in the land surface component (ORCHIDEE) of a CMIP6 global climate model (IPSL). The model, ORCHIDEE MICT-LEAK, mechanistically represents (a) vegetation and soil physical processes for high latitude snow, ice and soil phenomena, and (b) the cycling of DOC and CO2, including atmospheric evasion, along the terrestrial-aquatic continuum from soils through the river network to the coast, at 0.5° to 2° resolution. This paper, the first in a two-part study, presents the rationale for including these processes in a high latitude specific land surface model, then describes the model with a focus on novel process implementations, followed by a summary of the model configuration and simulation protocol. The results of these simulation runs, conducted for the Lena River basin, are evaluated against observational data in the second part of this study.
Improvement of typhoon wind hazard model and its sensitivity analysis
Authors: Guo Yunxia , Hou Yijun , Qi Peng
Published: March 2019

Abstract. Typhoons are one of the most serious natural disasters that occur annually on China’s southeast coast. This paper describes a technique for analyzing the typhoon wind hazard based on the empirical track model. Existing simplified and non-simplified typhoon empirical track models are improved, and the improved tracking models are shown to significantly increase the correlation in regression analysis. We also investigate quantitatively the sensitivity of the typhoon wind hazard model. The effects of different typhoon decay models, the simplified and non-simplified typhoon tracking models, different statistical models for the radius to maximum winds (Rmax) and Holland pressure profile parameter (B), and different extreme value distributions on the predicted extreme wind speed of different return periods are all investigated. Comparisons of estimated typhoon wind speeds for 50-year and 100-year return periods under the influence of different factors are presented. The different models of Rmax and B are found to have greatest impact on the prediction of extreme wind speed, followed by the extreme value distributions, typhoon tracking models, and typhoon decay models. This paper constitutes a useful reference for predicting extreme wind speed using the empirical track model.
CCAF-DB: The Caribbean and Central American Active Fault Database
Authors: Styron Richard , García-Pelaez Julio , Pagani Marco
Published: March 2019

Abstract. A database of ~250 active fault traces in the Caribbean and Central American regions has been assembled to characterize the seismic hazard and tectonics of the area, as part of the GEM Foundation's Caribbean and Central American Risk Assesment (CCARA) project. The dataset is available in many vector GIS formats, and contains fault trace locations as well as attributes describing fault geometry and kinematics, slip rates, data quality and uncertainty, and other metadata as available. The data is public and open-source (available at https://github.com/GEMScienceTools/central_am_carib_faults), will be updated progressively as new data is available, and is open to community contribution. The active fault data show deformation in the region to be centered around the margins of the Caribbean plate. Northern Central America has sinistral and reverse faults north of the sinistral Motagua-Polochic Fault Zone, which accommodates sinistral Caribbean-North American relative motion. The Central American Highlands extend east-west along a broad array of normal faults, bound by the Motagua-Polochic Fault Zone in the north and dextral faulting in the southwest between the Caribbean plate and the Central American forearc. Faulting in southern Central America is complicated, with trench-parallel reverse and sinistral faults. The northern Caribbean-North American plate boundary is sinistral offshore of Central America, with transpressive stepovers through Jamaica, southern Cuba and Hispaniola. Farther east, deformation becomes more contractional closer to the Lesser Antilles subduction zone, with minor extension and sinistral shear throughout the upper plate, accommodating oblique convergence of the Caribbean and North American plates.
Seismic attenuation and dispersion in poroelastic media with fractures of variable aperture distributions
Authors: Lissa Simón , Barbosa Nicolás D. , Rubino J. Germán , Quintal Beatriz
Published: March 2019

Abstract. Considering poroelastic media containing aligned periodic fractures, we numerically quantify the effects that fractures with variable aperture distributions have on seismic wave attenuation and velocity dispersion due to fluid pressure diffusion (FPD). To achieve this, realistic models of fractures are generated with a stratified percolation algorithm which provides statistical control over geometrical fracture properties such as density and distribution of contact areas. The results are sensitive to both geometrical properties, showing that an increase in the density of contact areas as well as a decrease in their correlation length, reduce the effective seismic attenuation and the corresponding velocity dispersion. Moreover, no FPD effects are observed in addition to the one occurring between the fractures and the background, in the analysed frequency range, by considering realistic fracture models. We demonstrated that if appropriate equivalent physical properties accounting for the effects of contact areas are employed, a simple planar fracture can be used to emulate the seismic response of fractures with realistic aperture distributions. The excellent agreement between their seismic responses is demonstrated for all incidence angles and wave modes.
Microbial community responses determine how soil–atmosphere exchange of carbonyl sulfide, carbon monoxide, and nitric oxide responds to soil moisture
Authors: Behrendt Thomas , Catão Elisa C. P. , Bunk Rüdiger , Yi Zhigang , Schweer Elena , Kolb Steffen , Kesselmeier Jürgen , Trumbore Susan
Published: March 2019

Abstract. Carbonyl sulfide (OCS) plays an important role in the global sulfur cycle
and is relevant for climate change due to its role as a greenhouse gas, in
aerosol formation and atmospheric chemistry. The similarities of the carbon
dioxide (CO2) and OCS molecules within chemical and plant metabolic
pathways have led to the use of OCS as a proxy for global gross CO2
fixation by plants (gross primary production, GPP). However, unknowns such
as the OCS exchange from soils, where simultaneous OCS production
(POCS) and consumption (UOCS) occur, currently limits the use of
OCS as a GPP proxy. We estimated POCS and UOCS by measuring net
fluxes of OCS, carbon monoxide (CO), and nitric oxide (NO) in a dynamic
chamber system fumigated with air containing different mixing ratios [OCS].
Nine soils with different land use were rewetted and soil–air exchange was
monitored as soils dried out to assess responses to changing moisture. A
major control of OCS exchange was the total amount of available sulfur in
the soil. POCS production rates were highest for soils at WFPS (water-filled pore space)
>60 % and rates were negatively related to thiosulfate
concentrations. These moist soils switched from a net source to a net sink
activity at moderate moisture levels (WFPS 15 % to 37 %). For three soils we
measured NO and CO mixing ratios at different mixing ratios of OCS and
revealed that NO and potentially CO exchange rates are linked to UOCS
at moderate soil moisture. High nitrate concentrations correlated with
maximum OCS release rates at high soil moisture. For one of the investigated
soils, the moisture and OCS mixing ratio was correlated with different microbial
activity (bacterial 16S rRNA, fungal ITS RNA relative abundance) and gene
transcripts of red-like cbbL and amoA.
Mitigating Impact of Spatial Variance of Turbulence in Wind Energy Applications
Authors: Kazda Jonas , Mann Jakob
Published: March 2019

Abstract. The first analytical solution for the quantification of the spatial variance of the second-order moment of correlated wind speeds was developed in this work. The spatial variance is defined as random differences in the sample variance of wind speed between different points in space. The approach is successfully verified using simulation and field data. The impact of the spatial variance on three selected applications relevant to the wind energy sector is then investigated including mitigation measures. First, the difference of the second-order moment between front-row wind turbines of Lillgrund wind farm is investigated. The variance of the difference ranges between 25 % and 48 % for turbulence intensities ranging from 7 % to 10 % and a sampling period of 10 min. It is thus suggested to use the second-order moment measured at each individual turbine as input to flow models of wind farm controllers in order to mitigate random error. Second, the impact of the spatial variance of the measured second-order moment on the verification of wind turbine performance is investigated. Misalignment between the mean wind direction and the line connecting the meteorological mast and wind turbine is observed to result in an additional random error in the observed second-order moment of wind speed. In the investigated conditions the random error was up to 34 %. Such random error adds uncertainty to the turbulence intensity-based classification of the fatigue loads and power output of a wind turbine. To mitigate the random error it is suggested to either filter the measured data for low angles of misalignment, or to quantify wind turbine performance using the ensemble averaged measurements of the same wind conditions. Third, the verification of sensors in wind farms was investigated with respect to the impact of distant reference measurements. In case of a misalignment between the wind direction and the line connecting sensor and reference, an increased random error will hamper the comparison of the measured second-order moments. The suggested mitigation measures are equivalent to those for the verification of turbine performance.
Alvin Y. So and Yin-wah Chu. The Global Rise of China
Authors: Zhan Shaohua
Published: March 2019

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Water is a Human Right! Grassroots Resistance to Corporate Power
Authors: Schroering Caitlin
Published: March 2019

In this short piece, I seek to explore two main questions: 1) How can communities take control over local governance and shape local economic futures?and2) How can local communities effectively band together to support world-system transformation? I examine examples of transnational organizing around water and, specifically, the National Summit on the Human Right to Water held in Abuja, Nigeria in January 2019. A repeated theme at the Summit was the idea that privatization is a threat because the narrative of the profit-based solution of privatization is at odds with the idea that people—and their human right to basic needs like water—come before profit. Privatization is a threat to human rights everywhere,and as climate change progresses resources will become even more scarce, with more of a push from corporations seeking to control and commodify water. One of the most powerful short-term results of this summit, therefore, was how it served as a space forglobalsolidarity buildingaround the human right to water.
R. Scott Frey and the Unfinished Agenda of Unifying Economy and Environment in the World-System from Extraction to Waste
Authors: Gellert Paul K.
Published: March 2019

This  essay discusses Scott Frey’s  contributions to our understanding of what he called environmental ‘anti-wealth,’ including his analysis of how it is spread to the peripheries of the world-system, and how Frey’s work intersects with other research, including the author’s own, on the ongoing extraction of value from peripheries. In addition to noting Scott’s generosity as a scholar and mentor, Gellert reflects on Scott’s unfinished agenda research agenda, focused on unifying commodification and waste in the world-system.
Marcel Paret et al., eds. Southern Resistance in Critical Perspective: The Politics of Protest in South Africa’s Contentious Democracy
Authors: Williams Bradley
Published: March 2019

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Acolhimento, proteção e inserção criativa: Uma reflexão sobre a metodologia do Projeto de Apoio a Refugiados em Roraima (2017-2018).
Authors: Franco de Lima José Carlos
Published: March 2019

A Pesquisa Ação Participante é uma metodologia que pode ser usada em várias áreas do conhecimento. Partiremos de experiências do Projeto de Apoio aos Refugiados em Roraima (2017-2018) que busca realizar ações de acolhimento, apoio, proteção e inserção dos imigrantes em Roraima, sejam eles refugiados ou residentes temporários.  Trabalhamos na perspectiva de construir redes de cooperação envolvendo a UFRR, organizações não-governamentais e humanitárias e voluntariados voltadas ao acolhimento, apoio, proteção e inserção dos imigrantes em Roraima. Iniciamos o projeto com as seguintes ações: ofertas de aulas de português no Centro de Referência dos Imigrantes, Recanto Apuí e Núcleo de Pesquisa em Relações Internacionais; realização de documentários  e pesquisas sociais com fins de sensibilizar a opinião pública para o acolhimento e subsidiar ações governamentais, não-governamentais e a auto-organização das comunidades de imigrantes em Roraima; divulgação do projeto junto à imprensa e às redes sociais para informar os interessados e sensibilizar a opinião pública; realização de atividades lúdicas, recreativas e educativas, em especial, junto às crianças e mães abrigadas no Centro de Referência dos Imigrantes do Pintolândia; promoção de campanhas de doação roupas e alimentos; orientação jurídica aos imigrantes na UFRR; participação em reuniões ampliadas de entidades públicas e privadas que desenvolvem ações junto aos refugiados e participação em seminários sobre a situação dos refugiados em Roraima. Em 2018 o português de acolhimento e a orientação jurídica se tornaram projetos independentes. O projeto inicial se concentrou na parceria com a Associação Cultural Locoambia Teatro de Andanças (ASCALTA) no desenvolvimento do Projeto Apuí cujo escopo é a constituição de dois espaços culturais para abrigamento. Uma das características da metodologia do projeto que estamos desenvolvendo é a integração entre extensão, ensino e pesquisa. O que apresentamos a seguir é um esboço da concepção de pesquisa-extensão participante.
REACTIVITY STUDY OF MERCAPTO–SILANE AND SULFIDE–SILANE WITH POLYMER
Authors: Sato Masaki , Mihara Satoshi , Amino Naoya , Dierkes Wilma K. , Blume Anke
Published: March 2019

Mercapto–silanes enable an improved silica dispersion state compared with sulfide–silanes in tire tread compounds, which causes a better balance of wet grip and rolling resistance. However, it also causes a higher Mooney viscosity and a shorter scorch time, which results in processing difficulties. The reason for this behavior is not clear. Because the already deeply investigated silica–silane reaction cannot explain the observed effects, the silane–polymer reaction was considered to be responsible and therefore has been evaluated in depth. The reaction between mercapto–silane or sulfide–silane and an olefin instead of a rubber was investigated in terms of reaction possibilities, mechanism, and kinetic aspects by varying the structure of the olefin. The results reveal that mercapto–silanes and sulfide–silanes affect olefins in different ways depending on the structure of the olefin. These results were compared with those in actual tire tread compounds in terms of the in-rubber properties such as the Payne effect and Mooney viscosity. It was confirmed that the different sulfur functions of the silanes interact in a different way with the polymer, which has a significant influence on the processability, silica dispersion state, and also rolling resistance indicator of the final rubber compound.
Phonologically- Driven Acquisition of Clitics in Yemeni Arabic
Authors: Al-Bothigi Nagat Ahmed Mohammed Aklan
Published: March 2019

This paper investigates the acquisition of clitics by Yemeni Arabic children. It looks at the acquisition of proclitics (affixes attached at the beginning of the word) and enclitics (affixes attached at the end of the word). The study examines the language of four children aged 1;8, 2;3, 2;8 and 2;11. It concludes that children seem to start acquiring enclitics prior to proclitics. The paper also considers the different repair strategies – certain phonological processes – that children resort to in order to compensate for the (adult's) input-output mismatches.
Economy and Community: Architecture and Demographics of Boardinghouses in the Southside Neighborhood of Lancaster, Pennsylvania, 1880–1920
Authors: Black Caitlin
Published: March 2019

Despite the ubiquity of boardinghouses in the United States throughout the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, little historical research has been done about their social significance. Using census data and architectural analysis, this article examines boardinghouses in the Southside neighborhood of Lancaster, Pennsylvania, between 1880 and 1920. Architectural analysis indicates the strategies boardinghouse keepers used to commodify domestic space, including rearticulating the parlor and dining rooms. Also, demographic analysis reveals that in addition to housing a local workforce, Southside boardinghouses contained the elderly, widows and widowers, and young children separated from their families. These populations indicate the vital role of boardinghouses in supplementing social services. In addition, ethnic relationships between boarders and boardinghouse keepers point to the importance of the institution in facilitating immigration and assimilation. These additional social functions demonstrate the significance of boarding to the Southside neighborhood and can be a model for study in other communities.
Developing a Prognostic Information System for Personalized Care in Real
Time
Authors: Lieu Tracy A. , Herrinton Lisa J. , Buzkov Dimitri E. , Liu Liyan , Lyons Deborah , Neugebauer Romain , Needham Tami , Ng Daniel , Prausnitz Stephanie , Stewart Kam , Van Den Eeden Stephen K. , Baer David M.
Published: March 2019

Context: Electronic medical records hold promise to transform clinical practice.
However, technological and other barriers may preclude using them to guide care in real
time. We used the Virtual Data Warehouse (VDW) to develop a tool that enables physicians
to generate real-time, personalized prognostic information about survival after
cancer.Case description: Patients with cancer often ask their oncologists, “Have you
ever seen a patient like me?” To help oncologists answer this question, we developed a
prototype Prognostic Information System (PRISM), a web-based tool that gathers data
about the index patient from Kaiser Permanente’s clinical information systems, selects a
historical cohort of similar patients, and displays the survival curve of the similar
patients relative to key points in their treatment course.Findings and major themes: The
prototype was developed by a multidisciplinary team with expertise in oncology,
research, and technology. We have completed two rounds of user testing and refinement.
Successful development rested on: (1) executive support and a clinical champion; (2)
collaboration among experts from multiple disciplines; (3) starting with simple cases
rather than ambitious ones; (4) extensive research experience with the Virtual Data
Warehouse, related databases, and an existing query tool; and (5) following agile
software development principles, especially iterative user testing.Conclusion: Clinical
data stored in health care systems’ electronic medical records can be used to
personalize clinical care in real time. Development of prognostic information systems
can be accelerated by collaborations among researchers, technology specialists, and
clinicians and by use of existing technology like the Virtual Data Warehouse.
Learning to Share Health Care Data: A Brief Timeline of Influential Common Data
Models and Distributed Health Data Networks in U.S. Health Care Research
Authors: Weeks John , Pardee Roy
Published: March 2019

The last twenty years of health care research has seen a steady stream of common
health care data models implemented for multi-organization research. Each model offers a
uniform interface on data from the diverse organizations that implement them, enabling
the sharing of research tools and data. While the groups designing the models have had
various needs and aims, and the data available has changed significantly in this time,
there are nevertheless striking similarities between them. This paper traces the
evolution of common data models, describing their similarities and points of
departure.We believe the history of this work should be understood and preserved. The
work has empowered collaborative research across competing organizations and brought
together researchers from clinical practice, universities and research institutes around
the planet. Understanding the eco-system of data models designed for collaborative
research allows readers to evaluate where we have been, where we are going as a field,
and to evaluate the utility of different models to their own work.
Career Choices Among Medical Students and Factors Influencing Their Choices
Authors: Mann-Isah Nabila Aisha , Ameen Nuzla , Jassim Ghufran
Published: March 2019

BACKGROUND: Physicians’ specialty choices have a direct impact on medical workforce. As medical students progress through medical school, it is observed that their interests in specialties change due to one reason or another. The aim of this study is to firstly identify factors that influence medical students’ career choices using a cross sectional study. Secondly, to analyze which factors are the most influential with the aim of informing the work force and curriculum developers and thus enhance the employability of graduates.

METHODS: A computer generated random sample of 131 medical students was taken from the preclinical second-year medical students at the Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland-Medical University of Bahrain. Questionnaires were distributed face to face and later retrieved for data collection and analysis.

RESULTS: Eighty-four (70%) students responded to the survey. Thirty-two (38.1%) of the respondents were male and fifty-two (61.9%) were female. The top three preferred specialty choices were Surgery 22 (26.5%) followed by Internal medicine 12 (14.5%) and Paediatrics 11 (13.3%). The most popular factor in specialty choice was interesting field and the least popular factor was geographical location of the hospital or health instituation.

CONCLUSION: The top three career choices were selected because those students felt they were interesting fields. The least important factors were geographical location of the hospitals or health instituations, media influence and financial reasons respectively.
Nurse Educators’ Experiences Regarding Subject Competence at a Nursing College
Authors: Ndawo Gugu
Published: March 2019

Nursing colleges, when faced with the difficulty of obtaining suitable candidates for vacant teaching posts, often assign the remaining nurse educators to teach in the understaffed areas even though they lack expertise in that particular subject. The purpose of this study was to gain an understanding of the experiences of nurse educators regarding their subject competence and to make recommendations to facilitate effective teaching and learning at a nursing college. A qualitative, phenomenological research design was used and a total of 20 nurse educators who complied with the inclusion criteria were recruited through purposive sampling. Audiotape recorded phenomenological, individual interviews were conducted and the collected data were analysed using Tesch’s protocol of qualitative data analysis. Ethical considerations were adhered to and trustworthiness was ensured. The three themes that emerged were that participants experienced: (1) incompetence, (2) inadequate didactic facilitation skills, and (3) defence mechanism. It is therefore recommended that nurse educators be empowered first in the subject they must teach to improve their self-esteem and teaching skills and as a result, are enabled to facilitate meaningful learning.
Investigation of the Awareness and Habits of Secondary School Students about Cleanliness and Hygiene from Various Variables
Authors: Çelik Ebru Yılmazel , Yüce Zeynep
Published: March 2019

Cleanliness, hygiene and personal hygiene habits have an extremely important place in maintaining and developing an individual’s physical and spiritual health. In contrast, it has been observed that research on student behaviour for cleaning and hygiene applications has been limited in the literature. In this case, “What are the cleaning and hygiene habits of students?” It has emerged as a necessity to answer the question. In this study, mixed blending method has been used. The study group consisted of 1300 students, studying in 12 different secondary schools in the city of Kars. In order to collect data, personal information form, “Personal Cleansing and Hygiene Habits Scale” developed by the researcher and open-ended questions were used. It was observed that the general cleaning and hygiene levels of the students were not statistically significantly different according to gender variables (p>.05). In terms of the personal hygiene and hygiene habits of the students’ significant differences have been found according to their parents’ education status, the number of individuals in their families and the level of their education. Significant differences have been found in terms of the personal hygiene and hygiene habits of the students according to their parents’ education status, the number of individuals in their families and the level of their education (p
Reviewer Acknowledgements for International Education Studies, Vol. 12, No. 4
Authors: Lee Chris
Published: March 2019

Reviewer acknowledgements for International Education Studies, Vol. 12, No. 4, 2019.
Oscillation Criteria for Higher Order Functional Equations
Authors: Jingjie Lin , Simin Wu , Quanwen Lin
Published: March 2019

This paper mainly studies oscillatory of all solutions for a class higher order linear functional equations of the form

 x(g(t))=P(t)x(t)+∑^m_i=1 Q_i(t)x(g^(k+1)(t))

Where P, Q, g:[t_0,∞]  → R^+ =[0,∞] are given real valued functions and g(t) ≠t, lim_(t→∞) g(t)=∞.

Some sufficient conditions are obtained. Our results generalize or improve some results in some literature given. An example is also given to illustrate the results.
The Necessary Paradigm Shift in Sustainable Business Practice Part 2: Beyond the Triple Bottom Line
Authors: Murray K. R. , Boron S.
Published: March 2019

A form of “groupthink” has emerged over the last 25 years on Business Sustainable Development (SD) reporting with the Triple Bottom Line approach (TBL) being adopted wholesale by industry and government. This paper reviews the original definition (Our Common Future, 1987) and the true meaning, which has been lost over the last quarter of a century, is established. SD is essentially a process/activity that has permanence; which has a way of meeting needs and is resource availability dependent with no trade-off.

The paper goes on to summarise how the adoption of this principle has been easily integrated into the accepted International Standards Organisation’s (ISO) style Environmental Management System (EMS) and Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) procedures, such that Companies can develop an alternative strategic plan B in parallel to their TBL reporting.
Addressing Misconceptions in Secondary Geometry Proof
Authors: Cirillo Michelle , Hummer Jenifer
Published: March 2019

Use these ideas to diagnose and address common conceptual obstacles that inhibit students' success.
Addressing Common Misconceptions with Informal Arguments
Authors: Becker Brooke
Published: March 2019

This activity allows students to build their own understanding of what it means to develop a solid argument.
The No-to-Yes Project: Conquering Common Algebraic Mistakes That Drive Us and Our Students Crazy
Authors: Zielinski Susan F. , Glazner Michael
Published: March 2019

Help students stop making typical, persistent errors related to misconceptions about exponents, distribution, fraction simplification, and more.
Michail Bachtins Konzept der sprachlichen Gattung und seine polonistische Fortsetzung
Authors: Dobrzyńska Teresa
Published: March 2019

Introduced by Mikhail Bakhtin, the notion of ‘speech genres’ (Bachtin 1979) is fundamental to discourse studies. It enables to describe messages from various fields within a uniform methodology, and discover (inter)dependencies between literary works and the repertoire of genres used in other areas of communication, whilst also providing tools for comparison of the repertoire of forms of speech used in various cultures. The article outlines the main threads of the research done in Poland in reference to the Bakhtin concept. The most essential accomplishments include: (i) a description of numerous speech genres which reveals the dissimilarities of their modal confines, proposed by Anna Wierzbicka (Wierzbicka 1983), subsequently taken advantage of in the ethnolinguistic studies by this author; (ii) numerous elaborations on individual genres and their repertoire as used in various fields of discourse (primarily, studies by the scholars based in Katowice, Opole, and Lublin); and, (iii) analysis of the content of the notions of ‘primary genres’ and ‘secondary genres’ and of genre contaminations (Dobrzyńska 1992).
Peran Pelajaran Perpustakaan dalam Pengenalan Kepustakaan: Studi Kasus SD Madania
Authors: Ghassani Felisha
Published: March 2019

Jurnal ini berfokus pada kegiatan pelajaran perpustakaan di SD Madania. Jurnal ini juga menjelaskan kegiatan yang dilakukan Perpustakaan Nasional RI dalam mengenalkan perpustakaan. Tujuan jurnal ini untuk mengetahui kegiatan pembelajaran perpustakaan di SD Madania dan kendala apa saja yang dihadapi. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan metode kualitatif. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan wawancara, observasi, dan studi dokumen. Kesimpulan penelitian ini dapat diketahui bahwa perpustakaan SD Madania tidak memberikan pendidikan penunjang pelajaran kelas pada umumnya. Lebih dari itu, perpustakaan memberikan pendidikan perpustakaan sehingga siswa didorong untuk mandiri dalam belajar, mengeksplor informasi, dan menjaga koleksi. Pelajaran perpustakaan bukan berbentuk belajar membaca atau membantu materi pelajaran di kelas. Pelajaran yang diberikan adalah pengetahuan tentang perpustakaan meliputi empat topik utama yaitu nilai kepustakaan, kemampuan kepustakaan, kemampuan literatur, dan kemampuan riset. Kendala yang dihadapi staf perpustakaan adalah sulitnya manajemen kelas. Staf perpustakaan yang tidak memiliki latar belakang ilmu perpustakaan juga menjadi kendala dalam pengajaran.
Biophysical mechanisms in the mammalian respiratory oscillator re-examined with a new data-driven computational model
Authors: Phillips Ryan S , John Tibin T , Koizumi Hidehiko , Molkov Yaroslav I , Smith Jeffrey C
Published: March 2019

An autorhythmic population of excitatory neurons in the brainstem pre-Bötzinger complex is a critical component of the mammalian respiratory oscillator. Two intrinsic neuronal biophysical mechanisms—a persistent sodium current (INaP) and a calcium-activated non-selective cationic current (ICAN)—were proposed to individually or in combination generate cellular- and circuit-level oscillations, but their roles are debated without resolution. We re-examined these roles in a model of a synaptically connected population of excitatory neurons with ICAN and INaP. This model robustly reproduces experimental data showing that rhythm generation can be independent of ICAN activation, which determines population activity amplitude. This occurs when ICAN is primarily activated by neuronal calcium fluxes driven by synaptic mechanisms. Rhythm depends critically on INaP in a subpopulation forming the rhythmogenic kernel. The model explains how the rhythm and amplitude of respiratory oscillations involve distinct biophysical mechanisms.
Werner syndrome helicase is a selective vulnerability of microsatellite instability-high tumor cells
Authors: Lieb Simone , Blaha-Ostermann Silvia , Kamper Elisabeth , Rippka Janine , Schwarz Cornelia , Ehrenhöfer-Wölfer Katharina , Schlattl Andreas , Wernitznig Andreas , Lipp Jesse J , Nagasaka Kota , van der Lelij Petra , Bader Gerd , Koi Minoru , Goel Ajay , Neumüller Ralph A , Peters Jan-Michael , Kraut Norbert , Pearson Mark A , Petronczki Mark , Wöhrle Simon
Published: March 2019

Targeted cancer therapy is based on exploiting selective dependencies of tumor cells. By leveraging recent functional screening data of cancer cell lines we identify Werner syndrome helicase (WRN) as a novel specific vulnerability of microsatellite instability-high (MSI-H) cancer cells. MSI, caused by defective mismatch repair (MMR), occurs frequently in colorectal, endometrial and gastric cancers. We demonstrate that WRN inactivation selectively impairs the viability of MSI-H but not microsatellite stable (MSS) colorectal and endometrial cancer cell lines. In MSI-H cells, WRN loss results in severe genome integrity defects. ATP-binding deficient variants of WRN fail to rescue the viability phenotype of WRN-depleted MSI-H cancer cells. Reconstitution and depletion studies indicate that WRN dependence is not attributable to acute loss of MMR gene function but might arise during sustained MMR-deficiency. Our study suggests that pharmacological inhibition of WRN helicase function represents an opportunity to develop a novel targeted therapy for MSI-H cancers.
Role of Debt and Loan Forgiveness/Repayment Programs in Osteopathic Medical Graduates’ Plans to Enter Primary Care
Authors: Scheckel Caleb J. , Richards Jesse , Newman Jessica R. , Kunz Matt , Fangman Ben , Mi Lanyu , Poole Kenneth G.
Published: March 2019

Context

Osteopathic medicine emphasizes partnering with patients to help them attain or maintain health. This philosophy encourages physicians to practice primary care and a mission of improving community health. However, there is currently a shortage of primary care physicians in many areas of the United States.

Objective

To determine whether intended practice patterns of recent graduates of colleges of osteopathic medicine favor primary care and whether practice patterns correlate with medical education debt.

Methods

Responses were analyzed from the American Association of Colleges of Osteopathic Medicine survey of pending medical school graduates from 2007 through 2016 regarding indebtedness and specialty selection.

Results

The percentage of graduating osteopathic medical students who chose a primary care specialty increased from 28.1% (676 students) in 2007 to 33.2% (1377 students) in 2016. Among graduates, those above the 75th percentile of debt had a general move toward more non–primary care positions, with a value of 74.4% in 2007 and 79.9% in 2016. Graduates below the 25th percentile had a gradual increase in primary care representation, moving from 24.6% in 2007 to 29.4% in 2016. In 2007, graduates with a loan forgiveness/repayment program were more likely to choose primary care over graduates without such a program (OR, 0.681 [95% CI, 0.505-0.920]; P=.02). Analysis of subsequent years showed a declining OR with increasing significance.

Conclusions

Results of this analysis indicated that increased educational debt loan directly influenced physician practice choice. Graduates with high debt burden were more likely to enter primary care fields and use loan forgiveness/repayment programs. Graduates with high debt burden who did not use loan forgiveness/repayment programs were more likely to enter non–primary care specialty fields, with this trend increasing as mean medical school debt increased. This association has implications for policies that could affect choice of primary care. However, further research is needed to fully understand the primary care choice by graduates of colleges of osteopathic medicine.
Comprehensive Medical College Admission Test Preparatory Course as a Strategy to Encourage Premedical Students to Pursue Osteopathic Medicine in Rural Areas
Authors: Shipley Timothy W. , Phu Nancy , Etters Abigail M. , Kadavakollu Samuel
Published: March 2019

Context

Comprehensive Medical College Admission Test (MCAT) preparatory courses could potentially promote interest among premedical students to pursue careers in osteopathic medicine in underserved areas.

Objective

To determine whether a comprehensive 16-week course centered on MCAT preparation and exposure to an osteopathic medical school setting will promote interest among premedical students to become osteopathic physicians in the rural Southwest.

Methods

At the Burrell College of Osteopathic Medicine in Las Cruces, New Mexico, undergraduate premedical students from the surrounding rural and urban areas completed an all-inclusive 16-week MCAT preparation course. Students were required to have completed medical school prerequisite courses and have a minimum 3.0 grade point average. The program included interactive instructional sessions for teaching material pertinent to the MCAT, an introduction to osteopathic philosophy, workshops for application preparation, a tour of the medical school facilities, full-length practice tests, and mock interviews. After course completion with at least 80% attendance, a survey was conducted to identify effectiveness and outcomes of the course. The survey used a Likert scale that ranged from 1 (strongly disagree) to 5 (strongly agree).

Results

Of the 170 student participants, 163 completed the survey. After completing the course, participants felt more knowledgeable about the true nature of medical school and osteopathic medicine (weighted averages, 4.26-4.40) than before the course. Compared with attitudes before taking the course, participants were more inclined to attend an osteopathic medical school and practice rural medicine in the southwestern United States (weighted averages, 4.16-4.45). Participants who completed the course also felt that they were better prepared to take the MCAT (weighted average, 4.37).

Conclusion

Participant knowledge and attitudes about practicing osteopathic medicine were enhanced after they completed the comprehensive MCAT preparatory course. These results suggest that offering similar courses in osteopathic medical schools throughout the country may improve the outlook of creating a diverse physician workforce that provides health care in rural areas.
Improving Medical Education by Coupling Basic Science Lectures With ICD-10 Codes
Authors: Stanco Kahley M. , Prater Mary Renee , Wubah Araba , Sumpter Cameron , Rawlins Fred , Garner Harold R.
Published: March 2019

At the Edward Via College of Osteopathic Medicine (VCOM), students are taught through a systems-based block education process organized according to separate organ systems. The block education lectures provide instruction on these various organ systems and their associated diseases and potential for diagnosis and treatment. A curricular initiative implemented at VCOM incorporates International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision (ICD-10) codes into the preclinical curriculum to enhance student learning and recall of basic science information and to prepare them for patient encounters during clinical rotations. In constructing this curricular initiative, diseases and procedures mentioned in all lectures during the first 2 years were evaluated and matched with their corresponding ICD-10 diagnostic and procedural codes to illustrate to students how this information would be used in a clinical setting. Of 994 lectures with 36,105 slides, 4331 opportunities to associate ICD-10 codes were identified. Information was given to instructors to update their future lectures. This initiative aims to enhance the preclinical educational experience and prepare preclinical students for documenting patient care. After students have been fully exposed to this new learning component, a study is planned to analyze the effects of the curriculum.
A Preliminary Survey of Birds in Pench Tiger Reserve, Madhya Pradesh, India
Authors: Parveen Talat , Ilyas Orus
Published: March 2019

A preliminary survey of bird species and habitat in the Karmajhiri Range, Pench Tiger Reserve was conducted during March 2014 - May 2014. The aim of this study was assessment of avian population by addressing some ecological status such as faunal type, phenological traits, trophic status, occurence and protection status of birds species. 221 species of birds were recorded from study area. Out of 26 order in India 16 order of birds were presented in and around Pench Tiger Reserve (PTR) which comprises 61 families. PTR provides habitat for three critically endangered species, namely White-rumped Vulture (Gyps bengalensis Gmelin, 1788), Red-headed Vulture (Sarcogyps calvus Scopoli, 1786) and Indian Vulture (Gyps indicus Scopoli, 1786). Regarding species protected by Berne convention 34 species are listed in Appendix 2 (strickly protected fauna) and only one are represented in Appendix 3 (Protected fauna) House Sparrow (Passer domesticus Linnaeus, 1758). Based on the AEWA (African-Europian Migratory Waterbird Agreement) bird list, 18 bird species are noted in the study area. The dominance of Oriental faunal type provide information on the relationship of the surveyed avifauna to the biogeographical zones. We were recorded 28 biome restricted bird species.  This assessment also supports and justifies its classification as an Important Bird Area “IBA” because of the importance and abundance of avian species. Its provide shelter and hosts to birds. To conserve birds species in tropical deciduous forest in PTR, it will be necessary to preserve large areas of contiguous forest and monitor the effect of Habitat fragmentation and other development activities in and around forest area will have impact on their foraging, breeding and subsequently their population. These scientific findings will help to evaluate the effectiveness of legislation and policies for bird protection and will under in future conservation action for birds and their habitats.
Effect of Baobab (Adansonia digitata) Seed Meal on Performance Characteristics of Rabbit Does
Authors: Anurudu N. , Adebiyi O. A. , Bello Z. O. , Aliu O. T.
Published: March 2019

The study assessed the effect of baobab (Adansonia digitata) seed meal (BSM) on some growth and reproductive parameters of rabbit does. A total of 24 adult does (age range) were used, the rabbits were grouped into four treatments having six replicates with each replicate consisting of one doe. Treatment 1 (T1) served as the control, treatment 2 (T2) had 5% BSM, treatment 3 (T3) had 10% BSM and treatment 4 (T4) had 15% BSM. The study lasted for 10 weeks.

The antinutritional factor content of the diet increased with BSM inclusion. Tannin, saponin and alkaloid content in the control diet was 0.27, 260.00 and 0.86 mg/100 g respectively, while the diet with 15% BSM (T4) had 0.0055 mg/g (tannin), 7.73 mg/g (saponin) and 0.022 mg/g (alkaloid). However, the pure BSM had 0.0017 mg/g (tannin), 130.00 mg/kg (saponin) and 0.03 mg/g (alkaloid). Feed intake and weight gain were significantly (P<0.05) higher for does in T2 compared to the control diet. Does on T2 converted their feed better compared to does on T3 and T4 with 16.93 and 16.95 respectively. The weight change during gestation revealed that does in T2 had a significant (P<0.05) weight increase of 150.00 g compared with the control with a weight change of 137.00g. However, a weight loss of -30.00 g was observed for does fed T4 (15% BSM). No significant (P>0.05) difference was observed in the litter size of does fed different diets with means ranging from 5.33 to 6.00, although the highest birth weight of kindles was observed in T2 (5% BSM) but was not significantly (P>0.05) different from kindles of other treatments.

It is concluded from the result of this study that inclusion of 5% ADSM in the diet of does did not result in any significant weight loss. However, inclusion levels above 5% posed a threat to the growth performance and reproductive attributes of does.
Distribution, Characterization and Health Risk Assessment of Manganese in Vegetables and Root Tubers from Gokana, Rivers State, Nigeria
Authors: Nkpaa K. W. , Amadi B. A. , Wegwu M. O.
Published: March 2019

Food safety and toxic metals accumulation in agricultural soil and food crops grown on such soils are major concern globally as a result of their significant health risks. This study was designed to evaluate the Manganese (Mn) level in vegetables, root tubers and agricultural soils in six communities in Gokana, Rivers State, Nigeria. Mn transfer from soil-to-plant, average daily intake, and human health risk were also calculated. The level of Mn in vegetables and root tubers ranged between 2.19±0.23 – 28.4±1.27 mg/kg and 8.11±0.99 – 56.4±2.12 mg/kg, respectively. While Mn in vegetables and root tubers associated soils ranged between 27.1±1.18 - 88.4±1.77 mg/kg and 33.4±1.84 - 92.3±1.39 mg/kg, respectively across the various study sites. The higher bio-concentration factor (BCF) was obtained for cassava from B-Dere, Gbe and Bodo City. About 55.2% of THQ calculated were > 1. In this study, the daily intake of Mn via the consumption of vegetables and root tubers are more likely to pose severe health risks to the exposed population in Gokana and children are more susceptible to Mn toxicity than adults.
Calcium-related Post-harvest Physiological Disorders of Fruits and Vegetables in Eswatini: A Review
Authors: Nxumalo Kwanele A. , Matsuane Christinah , Masarirambi Michael T.
Published: March 2019

Calcium (Ca2+) related physiological disorders of fruits and vegetables are abnormalities of fruits and vegetables which are not caused by infectious diseases, insects, nematodes or animals. Fruit and vegetable abnormalities occur due to environmental stress, nutritional deficiencies or excess on the plant. In this study, information was sought through informal surveys, review of literature and interviews with key post-harvest handling and storage participants and direct observation of fruits and vegetables in the markets. Calcium related post-harvest physiological disorders of fruits and vegetables encountered in this study included: cavity-spot, black end and cork, bronzing, skin freckles, fruit and crown, fasciation, soft-nose/spongy-tissue, granulation, low temperature breakdown/flesh browning, water-core, senescent-breakdown, superficial-scald, bitter pit, leaf tip-burn, golden specks and blossom-end rot. Post-harvest physiological disorders result in direct economic losses and pose a threat to food and nutritional security. Various ways of alleviating particular Ca2+ related post-harvest related physiological disorders are suggested e.g. addition of Ca2+ containing fertilisers and Ca2+ sprays.