bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Educación integral en tiempos de cambio
Authors: Elizalde Carolina , Barni Cecilia
Published: January 2024

El presente trabajo, de carácter cualitativo, perteneciente a una investigación más amplia, tiene como objetivo estudiar desde un abordaje pedagógico la autopercepción de los propios estilos educativos de 6 docentes (muestreo teórico) en los dos últimos años, en dos instituciones de nivel secundario de gestión privada del AMBA (Argentina). Se administró, en forma individual y por videoconferencia, una entrevista semiestructurada, elaborada ad hoc. El análisis descriptivo de los datos obtenidos se realizó con el auxilio del programa ATLAS.ti 8.4.26. En líneas generales, se puede afirmar que primó la autopercepción del denominado Estilo Educativo Activo o Integral (EEA). Sin embargo, en algunos casos, la interpretación de los datos brindados determinó la existencia de rasgos relacionados con el Estilo Educativo Tradicional o Pasivo (EET). Particularmente, se destaca que el cuerpo de educadores debería consolidar una continua formación y actualización, con el fin de optimizar sus esfuerzos en pos de la mejora de sus prácticas. La totalidad del personal docente entrevistado, seleccionado por las autoridades de cada institución, tenía a su cargo únicamente asignaturas pertenecientes al área humanística. Ello podría determinar estilos pedagógicos de diferente tenor que los estilos de quienes dictan materias de otras áreas. Por lo tanto, para una mejor comprensión del fenómeno, se recomienda un próximo estudio que abarque un número mayor de participantes representando espacios disciplinares diferentes a los de este trabajo.
Estrategias para el desarrollo de la competencia comunicativa oral y escrita en la educación policial: un estudio de caso
Authors: Pérez Marchant Francisco , Novoa Lagos Abraham
Published: January 2024

Las habilidades comunicativas son de gran importancia para todo profesional que estudia en instituciones de educación superior. Esto no es ajeno al perfil de egreso del alumnado carabinero en su proceso de formación, ya que las habilidades comunicativas no solo garantizan una mejor comunicación en el plano escrito y oral, sino que, además, favorecen las interacciones entre la ciudadanía y el cuerpo de funcionarios que forma parte de las fuerzas de orden y de seguridad. En este contexto, el presente estudio tiene como propósito comprender cómo las estrategias implementadas por el cuerpo docente de la asignatura Habilidades Comunicativas de la Escuela de Carabineros de Chile favorecen el desarrollo de la oralidad y la escritura según el nuevo Programa Bienio. Para ello, se llevó a cabo un estudio mixto con una etapa cualitativa-interpretativa, a partir de un diseño de estudio de caso, de carácter descriptivo y con un alcance exploratorio, y una etapa cuantitativa, a partir del análisis estadístico con alcance descriptivo, considerando como caso la asignatura Habilidades Comunicativas I y II en el plan de formación de los funcionarios policiales. A través de una entrevista semi-estructurada al personal docente (4 participantes) de la asignatura y una encuesta tipo Likert dirigida al estudiantado (117 participantes), se recopiló la información necesaria para la identificación de tensiones que permitieran comprender el caso en profundidad. Se reflexiona sobre la importancia de las metodologías implementadas por el cuerpo docente para el desarrollo de la competencia comunicativa. En este estudio de caso, se logró evidenciar la necesidad de fortalecer los programas de estudio para favorecer la implementación de estrategias de enseñanza y brindar instancias de perfeccionamiento al profesorado para la reflexión sobre el quehacer pedagógico y para la actualización en los contenidos disciplinares de la asignatura. Se recomienda profundizar en otras dimensiones de análisis sobre macro-destrezas comunicativas en instituciones policiales para recabar mayores antecedentes sobre su importancia y alcance.
Mathematical modelling of Maklakoff elastotonometry in the case of artificially created cornea inhomogeneity
Authors:   Moscow State Lomonosov University, Moiseeva Irina , Stein Alexander ,   Moscow State Lomonosov University
Published: January 2024

The mechanical response of the eye to cornea loading by wide flat stamps of different weights (Maklakoff elastotonometry) is studied in the case of artificially created strong inhomogeneity of the elastic properties of the cornea, which is formed due to vision correction surgery. The weakening of the cornea in the apical region or in the peripheral annular zone that lies a short distance from the sclera but is not adjacent to it is considered. The first case corresponds to correction of myopia and the second one to that of hyperopia. The cornea is modeled by a momentless, linearly elastic surface and the scleral region by an elastic reservoir that responds to changes in volume by changes in pressure. Within this representation, the mechanical properties of the cornea are characterized by the effective stiffness, a parameter that reflects both the elastic properties of the cornea material and the corneal thickness. It is shown that for moderate corneal stiffness the dependence of the tonometric pressure on the tonometer weight remains, similar to the case of homogeneous cornea, almost linear, which makes it possible to introduce the pressure difference coefficient as the slope of the corresponding straight line. The dependence of this coefficient on parameters that characterize the distribution of the elastic properties of the cornea is studied for various true pressures and scleral stiffnesses. The corneal inhomogeneity effect turned out to be qualitatively different for apical and peripheral weakening but insignificant. In the latter case, the effect is less expressed and, moreover, practically indiscernible. Thus, for operated eyes with moderately stiff corneas, the earlier developed methods of clinical estimation of elastotonometry results can be used.
Analysis of the causes of inflammatory diseases of the vascular tract of the eye
Authors:   Perm State Medical University named after Academician E.A. Vagner, Konkova Anna , Boyarshinov Dmitry ,   Perm National Research Polytechnic University, Gavrilova Tatyana ,   Perm State Medical University named after Academician E.A. Vagner, Gitman Mikhail ,   Perm National Research Polytechnic University
Published: January 2024

The relationship between cause of uveites and the results of a comprehensive examination of patients are explored. The method of determining the cause of uveites in the examined patient is given, which is based on the theory of fuzzy sets and shows a fuzzy relationship between the results of the survey among chosen patients and reasons of their uveites. The advantage of this method, based on the use of the elements of the theory of fuzzy sets, its ability to build a connection, which is quite difficult to describe analytically with acceptable accuracy. This technique differs from the known ones, because it considers a fairly wide range of causes of uveites, and also makes it possible to determine its cause with sufficient accuracy among a relatively small number of studied patients. The method was applied to a sample of 70 patients with unilateral uveites, for each person the results of a comprehensive clinical and laboratory examination were known and 117 most significant indicators were determined. To determine the relationship between the results of a comprehensive examination of the patient and the cause of uveites, the results of 65 out of 70 patients were used, and the remaining 5 patients were selected to verify the accuracy of determining the causes of uveites. Additional verification of this technique was carried out among six patients with bilateral process. A software package was created to implement the developed methodology.
Adaptation of some experimental data for applied medicine of critical states
Authors:   Center for Experimental Biomedicine, Mantskava Maya ,   Society of Rheologists,   Tbilisi State Medical University, Momcelidze Nana ,   Center for Experimental Biomedicine,   Society of Rheologists, Labadze Ekaterina ,   Society of Rheologists, Gotsadze Maya ,   Society of Rheologists, Kuchava Giorgiy ,   Society of Rheologists
Published: January 2024

The purpose of the work was research of erythrocyte aggregation as the main rheological blood parameter at experimental blood loss of varying degrees of heaviness. The authors calculated the Kruskal‒Wallis criterion. Experiments were conducted on white not pedigree rats of both sexes. The animals were distributed over subgroups depending on degrees of heaviness of blood loss, in subgroups the erythrocyte aggregation index was investigated by a valid texture analysis method. As a result of statistical data processing, it was found out that in all subgroups the aggregation of erythrocyte increased compared to control and this increase was more evident at large blood loss. The definition of the Kruskal‒Wallis criterion will help to generalize and adapt the experimental data for medicine of critical states to make a prediction of the transfer of the one shock phase to the next one. It will increase the efficiency of treatment of patients with hemorrhagic shock.
Modelling of surface tension dynamics at the hydrocarbon – water interface during formation of actinobacterial clusters
Authors:   Perm State National Research University, Kuyukina Maria ,   Perm Federal Scientific Centre,   Perm State National Research Polytechnic University, Feoktistova Ekaterina ,   Perm State National Research Polytechnic University, Osipenko Michael ,   Perm State National Research Polytechnic University, Ivshina Irina ,   Perm State National Research University,   Perm Federal Scientific Centre, Nyashin Yuriy ,   Perm State National Research Polytechnic University
Published: January 2024

One of the main factors of environmental pollution is oil and petroleum products, which annual global emissions resulting from multiple accidents and leaks amount tens of thousands of tons. The problem of oil pollution of water resources has acquired a threatening scope due to a growing offshore oil production and transportation of petroleum products by sea and river transport. An effective way to eliminate the oil pollution of water environments is bioremediation using hydrocarbon-oxidizing microorganisms, in particular actinobacteria of the genus Rhodococcus. We studied the adsorption dynamics of Rhodococcus ruber IEGM 231 cells at the interface between bacterial suspension and liquid hydrocarbon (n-hexadecane or n-dodecane). As a result, mathematical modelling of the initial stage of biofilm formation was performed based on thermodynamic description of cell cluster formation and destruction. The first developed biomechanical model of the surface (interfacial) tension time dependence is phenomenological, it describes the experimental graphs of the corresponding dependence obtained by high-precision tensiometry at different optical densities of bacterial suspensions. The second microlevel model is based on the theory of saturation of the bacterial adsorption layer and the biofilm formation at the hydrocarbon–water interface. In this model, a theoretical explanation of the revealed oscillatory dynamics of interfacial tension is proposed, thus relating to the measuring ring passages through the formed biofilm and the random nature of cell cluster formation–destruction to achieve thermodynamically stable state of the system.
Numerical investigation of influence of defects of the dentition small extent on the stress-strain state of bridge prosthesis and periodontium
Authors:   National Research Center “Kurchatov Institute", Krupnin Artur , Kharakh Yasser ,   Bauman Moscow State Technical University, Kirakosyan Levon ,   Bauman Moscow State Technical University, Zolotnitsky Igor ,   Bauman Moscow State Technical University, Arutyunov Sergey ,   Bauman Moscow State Technical University
Published: January 2024

The investigation aim is numerical evaluation of polymethylmethacrylate dental bridge and periodontal ligament stres-strain state in the case of tilted premolar and molar in mandible. Plain strain formulation is used via finite element method. Effect of dental cement on results is also studied. Equivalent stresses in dental bridge and periodontal ligament are determined using von Mises and maximum principal stress criteria. Equivalent stresses in cement are determined using Mohr criterion. The study investigated no difference in stres-strain state of dental bridge with and without consideration of cement. The results showed that dental bridge implantation in the case of tilted teeth redistribute and reduce forces acting on periodontal ligament in comparison with tilted vital teeth.
Biomechanical analysis of a mouthguard manufactured from polyamide reinforced by nanostructured titanium dioxide
Authors:   Perm State Medical University named after Academician E.A. Vagner, Grigina Violetta , Rogozhnikov Gennady ,   Perm State Medical University, Karakulova Yulia ,   Perm State Medical University named after Academician E.A. Vagner, Shulyatnikova Oksana ,   Perm State Medical University named after Academician E.A. Vagner, Nikitin Vladislav ,   Perm State National Research Polytechnic University, Kilina Polina ,   Perm State National Research Polytechnic University
Published: January 2024

The results of biomechanical modelling of a mouthguard from polyamide reinforced by nanostructured titanium dioxide (5 and 10 wt. %) used in the treatment of the effects of bruxism associated with myofunctional maxillofacial area resulting in not only pain in muscles, and also aesthetic and functional disorders due to the change of the occlusion are presented. The literature data emphasize an increase in the strength properties of a mouthguard material in cases of injection of titanium dioxide nanotubes into this material. The modulus of elasticity almost linearly increases from the value of the modulus of elasticity of mouthguard polymer material relative to the amount of injected titanium dioxide (from 0 to 5 wt. %). At a further increase in the proportion of titanium dioxide introduced (10 wt. %), the modulus of elasticity is not increased further. The authors associate this with an unsatisfied method of homogeneous introduction of titanium dioxide, which apparently was distributed as granules, which became the place of heterogeneity and the appearance of stress concentrators, which affected the decrease in tensile strength (more for 5 and 10 wt. %) and the modulus of elasticity (in a larger proportion for the case of 10 wt. %). The obtained data on the stresses in a mouthguard of polyamide reinforced by nanostructured titanium dioxide (5 and 10 wt. %) indicate that they withstand the stresses imposed on it during the compression of the jaws, which makes it possible to use it in treating the effects of bruxism.
Thermotaxis pattern in fluid medium
Authors:   Dalhousie University, Nguyen-Quang Tri , Alloui Zineddine ,   University of Batna
Published: January 2024

Taxis is a natural response that a living organism has towards stimuli such as gravity (gravitaxis), light (phototaxis), or chemical substances (chemotaxis), etc. Thermotaxis is the motion of a microorganism towards or away from a thermal stimulus, which generates a thermotactic pattern in nature. Examples include the motion of Dictyostelium slugs, the thermoregulation of honeybees, the behavior of roundworms (specifically Caenorhabditis elegans), the behavior of human and animal sperm, and how colloidal particles act. Multiple mathematical models were suggested to deal with thermotaxis. The main goal of this paper is to predict the onset of thermotactic convection in fluid medium by using the linear stability analysis. Biological systems are known as the most common systems, where thermotactic patterns generated by living organisms could happen. This category of taxis takes place in a variety of directional motion of microorganisms, having the common sense of motion under the gradient-stimuli and can be generalized mathematically under the form of gradient-based taxis. The results from linear stability analysis show that the thermotactic convection is analogous to the classical thermal convection created by a constant temperature, when the Peclet number is small, and there exists an important overstability condition, when the microorganism cell diffusivity is greater than the thermal diffusivity. The promising future study from this analysis will rely on the application to the harmful algal blossoming.
Mechanical model of a heterogeneous continuum based on numerical-digital algorithm processing computer
Authors:   N.I. Lobachevsky Institute of Mathematics and Mechanics, Gerasimov Oleg , Berezhnoi Dmitriy ,   N.I. Lobachevsky Institute of Mathematics and Mechanics, Bolshakov Pavel ,   N.I. Lobachevsky Institute of Mathematics and Mechanics, Statsenko Evgeniy ,   Institute of Geology and Petroleum Technologies, Sachenkov Oskar ,   N.I. Lobachevsky Institute of Mathematics and Mechanics,   Kazan National Research Technical University named after A.N. Tupolev
Published: January 2024

The paper considers one of the possible numerical approachs for describing mechanical behavior of heterogeneous media based on modelling of the structure using computed tomograghy data. The proposed approach allows us to model the mechanical behavior of a porous medium taking into account the structure properties. At the first stage of the study, sample is scanned by computed tomography, then the data is digitized and digital prototype is built. This prototype with corresponding weights is used in the forming the local stiffness matrices for finite element method. The integration of stiffness matrices carried out by the central rectangles method. The effect of tomographic data density on the convergence of the proposed numerical method was investigated. The results of solving a typical problem for the diaphysis of the femur are given. The obtained numerical results reflect the influence of the accuracy of approximation of the sample geometry, and also illustrate the dependence of the displacement field on the structure of the material.
Different approaches to evaluating the performance efficiency of implants in dentistry: materials, modelling, modern trends
Authors:   Lavrentyev Institute of Hydrodynamics, Larichkin Alexey ,   Novosibirsk State University, Fedorova Natalia ,   Lavrentyev Institute of Hydrodynamics,   Novosibirsk State University, Toder Mikhail ,   International Center for Implantology, Shevela Alexander ,   International Center for Implantology
Published: January 2024

The results of works about modern materials for implantation in dentistry are presented. Approaches to evaluate the performance efficiency of dental implants, both for single restoration, and for the complete restoration of the entire jaw, with a permanent prosthesis are considered. New forms of implants are being developed, new materials are being used, as well as methods of implantation in the field of dental implantology. In this regard, experts in the field of dentistry often turn to mechanics to evaluate the load-bearing capacity of biomechanical structures. The arising problems don’t belong to the number of formalizable problems that can be solved analytically and require the description in three-dimensional form. Therefore, numerical solutions must be used to solve them. The finite element method is the most convenient and often applicable. In this regard, there has been an increase in the number of publications devoted to the determination of the stress-strain state, both prostheses and bone tissue in the area of their fixation. The review of modern articles and books devoted to current researches and trends in the field of dental biomechanics is given.
Polskie Stronnictwo Ludowe wobec Rosji, Ukrainy i Białorusi w latach 2015–2019
Authors:   Uniwersytet Wrocławski, Dębowski Tomasz R.
Published: January 2024

Eastern policy is one of the most important areas of Polish foreign policy. It regards the countries (of the former Soviet Union), that do not belong to the Euro-Atlantic structures. In 2015, Law and Justice won the parliamentary elections in Poland. Witold Waszczykowski was assigned as the head of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, and was replaced in January 2018 by Jacek Czaputowicz. The aim of the study is to find an answer to the question: what was the attitude of the Polish People’s Party to Russia, Ukraine and Belarus in 2015–2019 and what premises influenced its shape? A working hypothesis was adopted: “The Polish People’s Party in 2015–2019 opted for a partnership model of Poland’s relations with Russia, Ukraine and Belarus, shaped on the basis of pragmatic premises”. The time limit for the research covered the period from July 17th, 2015 to November 11th, 2019. The analysis of the collected material made possible to answer the question (contained in the introduction to the article), and also confirmed the validity of the adopted working hypothesis. Moreover, it showed that for the Polish People’s Party, matters concerning eastern policy were not the leading thread in the reflection on Polish foreign policy.
Changes in the form and structure of Catholic peace-making
Authors: Stobbe Heinz-Günther
Published: January 2024

This contribution outlines catholic peace work in Weimar Republic and after the Second World War. It analyses how spirituality and political engagement connect and how the conviction that peace includes more than cease-fire — but requires a commitment to social justice — becomes a leitmotif.
The evolution of ideas about pacifism in the global Pentecostal tradition
Authors: Kliueva V. P.
Published: January 2024

The article presents opinions in global Pentecostalism about pacifism and nonviolence. In most European countries and the United States, the topic of pacifism became relevant during the World Wars. Over time, pacifism as a dominant was replaced by the possibility of independent choice of believers in accordance with their convictions of conscience. The Global Pentecostal movement has developed different strategies of action in relation to participation in military operations: from categorical refusal to total acceptance of the need for military service. Those strategies were influenced by changes in the views of religious leaders, and the power position on statements from individual churches. In the Soviet Union, Pentecostals already in the 1920s held loyalist views on the military issue. The Soviet state forced Pentecostals to declare the need to fulfill civic obligations, including with arms in hand. Soviet Pentecostals officially proclaimed the principle of personal responsibility for one’s choices and the need to comply with state laws. In the late Soviet period, for most believers, military service was a way to test the "perseverance of faith" and at the same time demonstrate law-abidingness and inclusion in the life of Soviet society.
Effect of sulfidic mine tailings used as mineral admixtures on the hydration of common and alternative cements
Authors: Martins N. P. , Helser J. , Plötze M. , Snellings R. , Habert G.
Published: January 2024

In this work, we investigate the use of pyrite-rich tailings from an operational mine as mineral admixture in different cement matrices [Portland cement, calcium aluminate cement (CAC), and calcium sulfoaluminate cement (CSA)]. Hydration and microstructure changes were studied on cement pastes produced with a 30 wt% replacement of cement with tailings, up to 200 days. Based on our results, the effect of the tailings on the hydration of Portland cement is limited to a physical effect, and no sulfide-induced degradation is observed. In the CAC and CSA pastes, minor mineral phases present in the tailings chemically react, leading to changes in the mineral phase composition of CAC and CSA hydrated pastes. In addition, in all cement pastes studied, and more effectively in the CSA pastes, most of the metal(loid)s contained in the tailings were safely immobilized. Cement chemistry notation: C: CaO; A: Al2O3; F: Fe2O3; S: SiO2; S̅: SO3; c: CO2; H: H2O.
Seismic collapse assessment of single-column bridge piers using the applied element method
Authors: Akbari Reza , Seyedkhoei Amir
Published: January 2024

Several single-column-bent bridges have collapsed in the past under earthquakes. Different factors associated with poor structural design and/or construction including inadequate and/or prematurely terminated longitudinal reinforcement (LR), insufficient concrete confinement, or insufficient transverse reinforcement (TR) were identified and reported. Different alternative designs or retrofitting solutions were also proposed and examined. One of the well-known samples of this bridge type was the elevated Hanshin Expressway Bridge (HEB), which collapsed in the 1995 Kobe earthquake. In that incident, 18 circular single-column piers (SCPs), monolithically connected to the deck, failed and collapsed. Here, the seismic progressive collapse behaviour of SCPs of the HEB was investigated using non-linear dynamic analyses of three-dimensional numerical models created by way of the applied element method (AEM). The results obtained agreed well with field observations after the earthquake. Two alternative design solutions for improving the seismic response of the original model were also considered and the efficiency of the solutions was assessed. Results showed that the AEM is capable of modelling the progressive collapse procedure for concrete bridges with sufficient accuracy. The results proved greater effects of the anchorage length of the LR as well as the space between the TR in the collapse behaviour of the pier.
Influence of ion beam on the surface characteristics and structural properties of PVA/TiO2 films
Authors: Alotaibi Badriah M , Al-Yousef Haifa A , Atta Ali , Abdeltwab Eslam
Published: January 2024

This work used the solution-casting preparation method to create flexible polymer composite materials including titanium dioxide (TiO2) and poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA). Then, using a wide-beam homemade cold-cathode ion generator, the samples were irradiated with oxygen fluences of 4 × 1016, 8 × 1016 and 12 × 1016 ions/cm2. Using the energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, contact angle and X-ray diffraction techniques, the successful production of PVA/titanium dioxide composite films was evaluated. The effects of ion exposure on the optical behavior were determined using the ultraviolet–visible spectroscopy technique. The PVA/titanium dioxide dispersion energy was 1.75 eV. It increased to 2.21, 2.66 and 3.12 eV with irradiation of 4 × 1016, 8 × 1016 and 12 × 1016 ions/cm2, respectively. Moreover, the refractive index (n 0) of PVA/titanium dioxide was 1.18, which increased to 1.25, 1.32 and 1.40, respectively. Moreover, the oscillation energy E 0 reduced from 4.24 eV for the PVA/titanium dioxide composite to 3.84, 3.64 and 3.27 eV, respectively. Consequently, PVA/TiO2 films are treated with ions to change their optical and structural properties, which are then used in a variety of optoelectronic applications.
New Spain's Second City: Architecture and Urbanism of Puebla de los Ángeles
Authors: Esquivel Savannah
Published: January 2024

Review of Juan Luis Burke, Architecture and Urbanism in Viceregal Mexico: Puebla de los Ángeles, Sixteenth to Eighteenth Centuries, New York: Routledge, 2021, 232 pages, 50 b/w illus. ISBN: 9780367531614. Architecture and Urbanism surveys the urban development of Puebla de los Ángeles, Mexico, tracing the growth and expansion of this colonial city during the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries up to the economic crisis and decline in the eighteenth century. Because it showcases underutilized regional archives, Burke’s book is an essential point of departure for any scholar or student interested in Ibero-American architecture.
A potencialidade das trilhas virtuais como atividade pedagógica promotora de reflexões estético-ambientais
Authors: Andrade Danielle Müller de , Montiel Fabiana Celente , Silva Patrícia da Rosa Louzada da
Published: January 2024

Este artigo tem como objetivo apresentar a potencialidade da utilização das trilhas virtuais como atividade pedagógica inovadora, sensibilizadora e provocadora de reflexões estético-ambientais no âmbito da Educação Básica e Superior. Participaram do estudo 107 estudantes do Instituto Federal Sul-rio-grandense, município de Pelotas, estado do Rio Grande do Sul (RS) – Brasil, e da Universidade Federal do Rio Grande, município de Rio Grande / RS - Brasil, que, após a atividade pedagógica de percorrer três trilhas virtuais, responderam um formulário online sobre a utilização das trilhas virtuais como atividade pedagógica para discussão de questões socioambientais. O corpus foi analisado por meio da Análise Temática que fez emergir duas categorias de análise, são elas: a) Trilhas virtuais como estratégia para o estímulo de reflexões estético-ambientais; b) Conexão com a natureza. Os resultados apontaram para uma atividade pedagógica inovadora que possibilita o contato com o meio natural, promove reflexões estético-ambientais e desenvolve a sensibilidade, criatividade e criticidade humanas por meio de uma formação integral.
O estado da arte em políticas de mobilidade urbana – novas perspectivas para identificar fatores de influência ao fracasso
Authors: Margueiro Éverton Aristides , Bazanini Roberto
Published: January 2024

O tema análises em políticas públicas apresentou alto volume de publicações na última década, para o tema cidades inteligentes, relacionadas aos Objetivos do Desenvolvimento Sustentável (ODS-2030). A diversidade de estudos estimulou o levantamento preliminar do Estado da Arte para identificar o estágio de estudos sobre análises de políticas públicas de mobilidade urbana, que indicou o predomínio de pesquisas que analisam de forma reativa, políticas já implementadas, com os temas governança, centralidade e resultados. O levantamento também delimitou o surgimento de novas tendências, para inferir que o fenômeno cultura possa se tornar um elemento determinante e antecedente para detectar fatores de influência ao fracasso de políticas públicas. Definiu-se cultura como práticas, hábitos e comportamentos atitudinais, categorizados como precedente, inercial e desenvolvida, para estabelecer um modelo transversal de análises de políticas públicas de mobilidade urbana. A partir do framework apresentado, realizou-se o teste de campo, por meio da análise documental de uma política de mobilidade de uma cidade brasileira, para detectar fatores de insucesso e resiliência pela ótica da cultura. Como resultado, os fatores da categoria cultura inercial são de difícil mensuração preventiva, devido a falhas no mapeamento de fatores culturais precedentes, para antever soluções. Como contribuição infere-se a cultura como imprescindível à proposição de modelos de análises e em planos gerenciais de políticas públicas.
Aspectos jurídico-políticos das práticas agrárias sustentáveis no âmbito do Mercosul para a segurança alimentar e cumprimento do Objetivo de Desenvolvimento Sustentável 2 (ODS 2)
Authors: Carvalho Neto Gil Ramos de , Quadrado Hebert Fabricio Tortorelli , Lourenço Welington Batista , Maniglia Elisabete
Published: January 2024

RESUMO

O presente artigo objetiva explicitar como a segurança alimentar e a agricultura sustentável são tratadas no âmbito do Mercosul e como podem ser alcançadas, visando atender as metas da Agenda 2030 da Organização das Nações Unidas. Como metas específicas busca-se verificar se há tratamento da segurança alimentar nos objetivos institucionais do Mercosul; observar se há tratamento da agricultura sustentável nos objetivos institucionais do Mercosul e quais as possíveis implicações para os objetivos do bloco econômico. Além disso, procura-se analisar criticamente a segurança alimentar no Mercosul e sua relação com o Objetivo de Desenvolvimento Sustentável 2 da Agenda 2030. Para alcançar os objetivos, utiliza-se como metodologia a revisão da literatura, pois há a necessidade de identificar e compreender como a matéria é tratada pelo bloco econômico e qual sua convergência com os Objetivos de Desenvolvimento Sustentável, bem como o que seriam práticas agrárias sustentáveis. O estudo tem relevância pelo momento econômico mundial, o qual tende a elevar as desigualdades sociais, bem como pela necessidade de se estabelecerem mecanismos que reforcem a segurança alimentar de forma sustentável no âmbito internacional. Como resultado, verificou-se que a segurança alimentar é tratada de forma sucinta no âmbito do Mercosul e que as práticas agrárias sustentáveis são imprescindíveis para que o bloco econômico atinja seus próprios fins e também os do ODS 2. Essa conclusão deve servir como incentivo para o incremento da sustentabilidade na agricultura.
La difusión de las cofradías marianas en el arzobispado de México, 1680-1750
Authors: Aguirre Salvador Rodolfo
Published: January 2024

El presente trabajo analiza el impulso que dieron las cofradías del arzobispado de México al culto de la virgen María, entre 1680 y 1750. Con base en la consulta de los documentos del subsidio eclesiástico en América, establecido por Felipe V, y de las visitas pastorales, se estudian las devociones de la feligresía del arzobispado. La presencia de cofradías marianas en las parroquias y en los conventos muestra su popularidad y el triunfo de quienes impulsaron la devoción. Sin duda, las diferentes comunidades de fieles hallaron en el culto a la virgen la respuesta a diferentes necesidades. Además, la reforma católica propuesta por el concilio de Trento aprovechó bien el impulso de esas cofradías para fortalecer la religiosidad de los fieles y acercarlos más al culto cristiano.
Redes sobrenaturales de la Monarquía Católica. Las hermandades hispanoamericanas agregadas a la archicofradía de la Resurrección de la nación española en Roma (1579-1808)
Authors: Calvo Gómez José Antonio
Published: January 2024

Este trabajo de investigación histórica trata de analizar uno de los instrumentos que sostuvieron la estructura espiritual de la Monarquía Católica durante la Modernidad. El 20 de julio de 1591, Gregorio XIV elevó en archicofradía la hermandad de la Santísima Resurrección, radicada en Roma. Entre otras prerrogativas, concedió a sus oficiales el privilegio de poder agregar las demás cofradías que llevaran este título en las distintas villas y ciudades de la Monarquía Hispánica. Además, les autorizó a transmitirles las mismas gracias espirituales, indulgencias e inmunidades que gozaban por concesión del papa desde su fundación, en 1579. En la práctica, las cofradías que se afiliaron a la archicofradía romana, al menos 118, desde Manila hasta Ciudad de México, crearon una red sobrenatural que fortaleció el sentimiento de pertenencia a un proyecto plurinacional, la Monarquía Católica, con dos ejes bien delimitados: el rey y la confesión de fe católica y romana.
¿Contribuyen las creencias religiosas a la polarización social?
Authors: Millán Jiménez Ana , Sánchez-Mora Molina María Isabel
Published: January 2024

Una de las temáticas que más ocupan y preocupan en la actualidad, es el aumento de posiciones polarizadas, y cada vez más radicales, en la ciudadanía. Actitudes que pueden estar relacionadas con diferentes variables, y quizás una de las más interesantes de analizar es si existe o no, una vinculación entre los sentimientos religiosos y los modos de adhesión o rechazo a las diferentes organizaciones políticas, según sean más o menos próximas a las propias creencias.Para profundizar en este tema se han utilizado los datos obtenidos en la encuesta nacional realizada por el grupo de investigación CEMOP, a la población española de ambos sexos de 18 años en adelante, seleccionada a través de un muestreo polietápico estratificado.La conclusión final es que sí que hay una polarización afectiva y emocional vinculada a la existencia o no, de creencias religiosas, y que es el colectivo de católicos y católicas practicantes el segmento que está emocionalmente más motivado, y por lo tanto el que manifiesta un mayor grado de polarización.
150 aniversario de la comunidad claretiana en Barcelona: características del perfil de salida de su alumnado
Authors: Soler Campo Sandra , Saneleuterio Temporal Elia
Published: January 2024

Este trabajo ofrece un análisis del perfil de salida del alumnado que finaliza sus estudios en el Colegio Claret de Barcelona, institución educativa de primaria y secundaria perteneciente a la Comunidad Claretiana en España. Desde el 2014 y durante cinco cursos académicos, un grupo de profesores de educación primaria y secundaria, junto con el equipo directivo y asesores sicopedagógicos externos expertos en innovación educativa, emprendieron un proyecto para identificar los valores que se enseñan y desarrollan a lo largo de la trayectoria educativa obligatoria en el Colegio Claret de Barcelona. Con el objetivo de comprobar que los valores identificados por el profesorado se ajustaban a la realidad discente, se diseñó y validó un cuestionario para conocer la percepción del estudiantado sobre las 14 características claretianas al finalizar la educación obligatoria, que se difundió tanto en el centro participante como en otros, para establecer una comparativa según esa variable. La muestra estuvo formada por 358 estudiantes de centros educativos públicos y privados de diferentes comunidades autónomas (127 hombres y 231 mujeres). El análisis de sus respuestas evidencia que el perfil de salida del Claret es una declaración de intenciones, una hoja de ruta que no se corresponde todavía con la realidad percibida por el alumnado, siendo especialmente llamativo el desfase en los ítems que tienen que ver con la espiritualidad y la religión.
Filósofos cristianos ante el misterio del mal
Authors: Barzaghi Amerigo , Vilarroig Jaime
Published: January 2024

El misterio del mal es tan antiguo como la propia humanidad. Las grandes tradi­ciones religiosas, junto con la filosofía y la teología, siempre se han preguntado por su esencia, su significado y la posibilidad de racionalizarlo, aunque de forma parcial. En este ensayo abordamos la reflexión filosófica en torno al mal. Lo hacemos en diálogo con algunos filósofos cristianos contemporáneos, que se han reunido para reflexionar sobre este tema, recordando figuras y momentos decisivos de la filosofía occidental, así como de la tradición cristiana. Partimos del pensamiento antiguo, haciendo referencia a algunos elementos del legado aristotélico. Posteriormente nos focalizamos en la patrología y su reflexión en torno al pecado original/ancestral. A continuación, recordamos los debates medieva­les en torno a la deseabilidad del mal como mal y las modernas teodiceas de Leibniz y Rosmini. Llegamos así a la filosofía contemporánea, indicando la contribución de algu­nos de sus protagonistas, como Nietzsche, Heidegger, Girard, Pareyson y Severino. Por último, nos centramos en algunos problemas actuales de la filosofía de la praxis, la cien­cia y la bioética: cómo reparar al mal cometido, cómo interpretar los grandes avances tecnológicos, y el ecocidio.
Evil and Guilt: on Original Sin and Ancestral Sin
Authors: López Cambronero Marcelo
Published: January 2024

Since the times of Augustine, there has been a philosophical and theological debate on the inheritance of guilt on the interpretation of Original Sin. This debate turns on the early Church Fathers of the first centuries, signalled by the Neo-Patristic movement within the Orthodox Church in its accusations of heresy against the Catholic Church and proposing the very different notion of "Ancestral Sin". This paper will evaluate this debate and discuss the history of the Church Fathers, especially Augustine, and  propose a new interpretation of the notion of "Original Sin" that offers an understanding of the nature of human beings and their relationship to evil without assuming the notion of the inheritance of guilt for the sin of Adam and Eve.
Reescrituras del negativo. Variaciones en las modernas teodiceas, entre Leibniz y Rosmini
Authors: Peratoner Alberto
Published: January 2024

La presente contribución se propone investigar las variaciones que se han producido en la elaboración teórica de la teodicea – entendida en sentido clásico como el tratamiento del problema del mal frente a la bondad y la justicia de Dios – en la filosofía moderna, desde Leibniz hasta Rosmini. Para la comprensión de la teodicea leibniziana resulta de importancia fundamental la evolución moderna de la ontología de la posibilidad, en relación con el ser real. El cuadro teórico es ingeniosamente reconsiderado por Rosmini sobre el fondo de su metafísica de las tres formas categoriales del ser, gracias a la cual el filósofo roveretano puede dar mayor solidez a las perspectivas delineadas, superando algunos puntos críticos de la concepción leibniziana.
Ethos de la conversión. Entre la ética y la política en René Girard
Authors: RICO SANDOVAL RONALD
Published: January 2024

La conversión en la filosofía de René Girard resulta ser un concepto muy importante. En este texto queremos postular que la conversión girardiana no debe ser entendida solamente como una trasformación religiosa sino, además, como un acto complejo que reclama un cambio de la conducta humana o ethos por lo que se encuentra a medio camino entre la ética y la política. Para lo anterior, estudiaremos, primero, la mímesis en la obra de Girard; segundo, la conversión en la obra del filósofo, para lo cual abordaremos los conceptos de metanoia y epistrophē; y, tercero, concluiremos que la conversión demanda un proceder ético de revisión de la conducta propia y un proceder político de paz y reconciliación.
Una perspectiva del mal en la ciencia y en la tecnología
Authors: Lumbreras Sara
Published: January 2024

La relación de la ciencia con el mal es poliédrica y compleja. Además de escoger el mal como objeto de estudio, podemos comprender la tecnociencia como un intento de superar el mal entendido como amenaza a la supervivencia. La ciencia respondería a la necesidad de comprender el mal y anticiparse a él, mientras que la tecnología sería el intento de limitarlo. Según algunos autores, principalmente en los contextos tecnooptimistas, la tecnociencia acabará superando toda escasez material y con ella también los males sociales.  Además, podemos reconocer valores que subyacen al desarrollo científico pese a una apariencia de neutralidad que en ocasiones presenta tecnologías específicas como desarrollos al servicio del mal. La tecnociencia aparece también en el origen de estructuras de pecado que es importante comprender para poder superarlas. Comprender mejor las relaciones entre ciencia y mal puede ayudarnos a construir un programa tecnocientífico humanizador que nos acerque mejor a nuestros objetivos como sociedad.
Educación y Desarrollo Humano, una Mirada desde la Generatividad
Authors: Juica Martínez Paola Macarena
Published: January 2024

Sin lugar a duda, en el estudio del quehacer educativo se torna particularmente significativo analizar conceptos como el de generatividad, entendida como la expresión del desarrollo personal en relación con el autocuidado y el cuidado de los otros. Esto, debido a que la acción generativa se vincula directamente con el ejercicio pedagógico, en tanto que este promueve el legado intergeneracional a través de la formación y la promoción del desarrollo integral del educando. En este contexto, la presente investigación busca contribuir al análisis reflexivo acerca de los conceptos relacionados con la educación y el desarrollo humano, desde su vínculo con el potencial generativo. La investigación se realizó bajo un enfoque monográfico, sustentado en la revisión bibliográfico-documental y el análisis crítico, analítico e interpretativo de la temática sustentada desde la perspectiva de diferentes autores, lo que arrojó como principal resultado que la generatividad, en su dimensión social vinculada a la educación, no solo beneficia el desarrollo de quienes reciben el legado generativo, sino, además, potencia y favorece la autorrealización y el autocuidado de quienes la ejercen, argumento sobre el cual se determina la urgencia de fortalecer las prácticas generativas en todos los agentes de la educación, especialmente, entre los docentes.
Idas y venidas por el Mediterráneo: enviados hispánicos en la Curia Romana durante el pontificado de Eugenio IV (1431-1447)
Authors: Cassanyes Roig Albert
Published: January 2024

En este artículo se estudian las personas originarias de los reinos de la península ibérica que recibieron una littera passus del papa Eugenio IV (1431-1447). La concesión de este salvoconducto para circular por los dominios papales implicaba que el beneficiario estaba o tenía que viajar a la Curia Romana, establecida en Roma, Bolonia o Florencia. La mayor parte de los que se vieron agraciados con este documento fueron personas que tenían que desarrollar una misión diplomática. Muchos de ellos fueron enviados por los soberanos hispánicos ante el pontífice, aunque también se dio el caso de representantes papales que fueron remitidos a los reyes de Castilla, la Corona de Aragón y Portugal. A pesar de que las litterae passus suelen estar bastante abreviadas, y, por ello, la información que ofrecen es escasa, esta tipología documental permite identificar a los hispánicos que iban y venían por el Mediterráneo occidental, entre la península ibérica y la italiana, al mismo tiempo que permiten extraer una serie de características relativas a la movilidad por tierras pontificias.
Mental Fatigue and Padel: State-of-the-Art and Beyond
Authors: Díaz-García Jesús , Ring Christopher , Manzano-Rodriguez David , García-Calvo Tomás
Published: January 2024

Padel is attracting increased research interest. Although the focus has been on the physical and technical-tactical demands of the game, recently more attention is being paid to its mental demands and, more specifically, the importance of mental fatigue. This literature review provides an overview of mental fatigue in padel. First, we consider the mentally fatiguing nature of padel. Padel players must make complex decisions under high-time pressure, maintain self-confidence, and communicate with their partners in an emotionally charged context. With these cognitive demands, it is not surprising that padel matches and tournaments are mentally fatiguing. Second, we review evidence confirming that mental fatigue is detrimental for padel players’ performance, in agreement with findings observed in other sports. Third, we evaluate strategies to tackle mental fatigue and its effects on padel performance. Until now, the only proven long-term countermeasure is Brain Endurance Training. Finally, we make a series of recommendations for coaches and players to deal with mental fatigue, that focus on the quantification and modulation of mental fatigue among padel players. We strongly recommend i. to include subjective ratings of mental fatigue (i.e., VAS scale) before and after training and competitive matches, ii. to reduce the cognitive load of training before competitions by, for example, use positive feedback or habitual training exercises, and iii. to use Brain Endurance Training during non-competitive moments of the season.