bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Regional differences determination in the Irkutsk region agricultural land use
Authors: Chernigova D R
Published: September 2020

For the analysis of regional differences in agricultural land use as the basis of rational and efficient production and procurement of food products of the region it is necessary to study land conditions. To do this, apply the relevant research and identification methods of spatial-temporal trends in the use of agricultural land based on consideration of various economic parameters. Features terms of territorial organization are characterized, as a rule, by their existing natural, socio-economic, historical factors, thereby forming the regional differences of agricultural land use. Analysis of the distribution of municipal areas according to the intensity of agricultural land use describes the state of agriculture in the region, reflecting the peculiarities of the conditions of its territorial organization. The intensity of land use is generally determined by parameters characterizing the quantitative and qualitative characteristics of land use. For these purposes, the following indicators were used as input data: area of agricultural land in municipal districts; acreage of agricultural crops; gross production, technical equipment, and mineral fertilizers. Thus, the paper presents comparative characteristics of land resources of the country and the region. The analysis of agricultural land intensity indicators is carried out among the main agrolandscape areas of the region. Areas with the most intensive and less intensive use of agricultural land are identified.
Techno-sphere safety of non-waste production
Authors: Gurjanov A V , Shukalov A V , Zharinov I O
Published: September 2020

A non-waste production approach is the Industry 4.0 strategy direction to minimize the industrial company technological load for the environment. A non-waste production applies the best available technologies and provides the complex prevention of the industrial rejections significant volume and its negative influence on the environment. A company of non-waste production interacts the nature safety alternative energy subsystems and implements the engineer cyber-systems (ECS) in the industrial recycling sections to regulate the air and being dropped water cleaning quality. The industrial company cyber-space proposed scheme equipped with ECS and realizes an item non-waste production. The interaction mechanisms of a non-waste production company and a recycling factory are described to provide the solid wastes final recycling until they receive a secondary raw material. The interaction scheme of a non-waste industrial production company and a recycling factory is proposed.
Simulation diagnostics of power train mechanical drives
Authors: Ovchinnikova N I , Bonnet V V , Kosareva A V
Published: September 2020

Mechanical drives have become the most widely used in design of agricultural machinery. In comparison to drives of machinery applied in other sectors of national economy, they are distinguished by their design features, performance, and cost-performance ratio. In this regard, diagnostics of mechanically driven parts of agricultural machinery is a key to the overall harvester diagnostics. In practice, health of drives is tested with subjective assessment methods, as a rule. The authors suggest application of a kinematic method for diagnostics of agricultural machinery drive trains during their operation; this method implies analysis of position changes and movement of mating parts: wear of parts and backlash of mating drive parts may be assessed by establishment of geometric parameters of diagnostics (linear and angular movements). The total transmission backlash may be established by dynamic torque appearing in transient states of mechanism operation; such total backlash characterizes dynamic errors in movement of an outlet member, which is a result of dependence of equivalent moment of inertia and drag torque from the velocity transmission error. Such diagnostics of potato harvester transmission allows checking of backlashes in separate sections of the chain, as well as assessment of quality of its components adjustment and maintenance. The research data were used for evaluation of overall engineering state of the harvester and determination of dynamic parameters of its components drives.
Efficiency of liquid bio-organic fertilizer on potatoes
Authors: Ivanova I , Konstantinova S
Published: September 2020

The effective methods of increasing the yield of potatoes in the application of liquid bioorganic fertilizer obtained after anaerobic processing of organic waste are considered. It is noted that the liquid bioorganic fertilizer does not have a negative impact when applied to the soil on the environment and to increase the content of heavy metals in the soil.
Recommendations for improving the operation efficiency of electric pumping units of mine drainage installations
Authors: Ovchinnikov N P
Published: September 2020

This paper presents recommendations for improving the efficiency of operation of electric pump units used in mine drainage plants of Russian underground kimberlite mines. The obtained research results may be useful to specialists involved in the design of mine drainage systems and the operation of electric pump units of mine drainage plants.
Tillage influence of on the qualitative composition of soil structure
Authors: Ivchenko V K , Polosina V A , Eremina E V , Lugantseva M V , Ilchenko O I
Published: September 2020

The research has been carried out on the change in the structural composition of leached chernozem of the Krasnoyarsk forest steppe under the influence of plowing with turnover soil and without it in “Acha” barley crops. It was found out that the content of agronomically valuable aggregates ranging from 0.25 mm to 10 mm in size corresponds to the structural state of the soil according to the Williams V. R. gradation. The sample without tillage proved to be the highest structurally coefficient. The content of structural elements larger than 0.25 mm ranges from 78.3 % to 92.5 % and indicates a high wind resistance of the soil. The water resistance of the soil structure of the studied variants in the spring corresponds to an excellent condition. By autumn it is reduced to good condition. Evaluation of the role of individual structural aggregates larger than 10 mm, 5 mm and less than 0.25 mm in the formation of barley yield in laboratory conditions showed that the maximum amount of moisture evaporated from the vessels filled with the smallest aggregates (less than 0.25 mm). In these same vessels, the maximum yield of phytomass of barley was obtained.
Device for maintaining the nominal operating modes of the section pump of a mine district drainage system in conditions of intensive silting of water reservoirs
Authors: Ovchinnikov N P , Bochkarev Yu S
Published: September 2020

This paper presents in detail a device that allows you to maintain the nominal operating modes of centrifugal section pumps in real time. The practical implementation of this device will reduce the risk of failure of a centrifugal section pump mounted on a mine district drainage plant by constantly maintaining the nominal pressure in its suction pipe, which reduces the risk of the rotor critical axial shift.
Intensification methods effect on carbon stock of spring rape plant matter
Authors: Vlasenko O A , Kurachenko N L , Ulyanova O A , Kazanova E Yu , Parchenko E S
Published: September 2020

The authors study influence of foliar liquid top dressing and growth stimulants on carbon stocks formation of spring rape plant matter. A significant increase in carbon stocks of phytomass and rapeseed roots with the simultaneous use of Reggy preparations (1.2 l/ha) + Beres-8 (0.2 l/ha) + Ultramag Combi (2 l/ha) was shown, the increase in relation to the control was 63.2%. Methods of intensification did not significantly affect the carbon stocks of underground mortmass.
Problems arising in recultivation activities
Authors: Ponomarenko Elena A , Bezotechestvo Maria I
Published: September 2020

One of the tenets of land legislation is “the priority of land protection as an essential component of the environment and means of production.” However, due to ignoring the law, the area of disturbed lands is increasing annually. Conducting restoration work on such lands should be one of the priorities of the state’s internal policy, as well as a meaningful choice of citizens. At the present stage, there are a number of problems due to which recultivation measures rarely achieve optimal results. This paper presents information about the main factors affecting disturbed lands, analyzes the main problems that affect the effectiveness of remediation measures, and also offers suggestions for solving these problems.
The study of indicators for environmental protection in Russia during the extraction of natural resources
Authors: Rashoyan II
Published: September 2020

The article analyzes the statistical data of environmental pollution resulting from the activity of extracting natural resources n Russia in the period of 2009-2018. The present study of the dynamics in statistical data is resulting in conclusions concerning the effectiveness of measures implemented for the protection of atmospheric air, water sources and soil. Statistics for the period under study showed the decrease in the effectiveness of measures practiced in the industry to protect atmospheric air and to utilize (neutralize) production and consumption wastes. The same period revealed that the quality of wastewater treatment in the industry under study improved. The results of the present analysis can be used for developing the strategy for the planned management of measures to protect the environment during natural resources extraction.
Dielectric losses of mechanically activated grain crops during heat treatment
Authors: Buzunova M Y , Bonnet V V
Published: September 2020

Biochemical and electrophysical characteristics of grain crops vary significantly on changes in temperature and humidity conditions. The choice of the way and method of drying provides a significant role on the consumer properties of grain. A study of the dependence of the dielectric losses of grain crops during heat treatment on the example of mechanically activated wheat on the frequency of the external electric field and temperature was conducted in the paper. It was found that the structural features of fine wheat samples as a result of mechanical activation and temperature changes affect the dielectric properties of grain crops. The value of the dielectric loss tangent correlates with the size of the crushed samples, temperature, humidity, and frequency of external electrical influence. Analysis of the results of calculating the dielectric loss tangent showed that the maximum growth of the dielectric parameters lies in the region of near the temperature range close to 100°C, this value also increases for fine structures. A significant impact on the dielectric losses of mechanically activated grain crops samples with different degrees of grinding is exerted by the frequency of the external electric field, which can be associated with a change in the structure of a finely dispersed nonequilibrium heterogeneous environment as a result of the procedure of mechanical activation.
Consequences of using seed fungicides on daughter seeds of barley
Authors: Puchkova E P , Purlaur V K , Ivchenko V K , Mashkovskaya N A
Published: September 2020

The consequences of applying prothioconazole-tebuconazole Lamador solution, mefenoxam-tebuconazole Serticor solution and prochloraz-imazalil-triticonazole Turion solution to the daughter seeds of Cedar breed barley were studied. The studied seed fungicides made a statistically significant (p<0.001) influence on the root rot intensiveness on the daughter seeds of barley. The most efficient variants were Turion and Serticor (disease incidence index was decreased by 0.9-9.0 pct, or by 1.0-2.4 times compared to the reference sample). Moreover, the studied fungicides made a statistically significant (p<0.01) influence on the sprout length and the overall root length of the barley. At all the experiment stages, the qualitative mycoflora composition was mainly represented by the plant pathogenic fungi Bipolaris sorokiniana and Alternaria sp. A negligible amount of the fungi Fusarium sp. and Penicillium sp. was detected.
Algorithm for predicting of the transition of a key point of geodynamic control to the risk zone
Authors: Dorofeev N V , Romanov R V , Grecheneva A V , Pankina E S
Published: September 2020

The article discusses the algorithm for assessing changes in the level of risk of karst hazard of the territory based on the forecasting of the number of holes depending on the water level. Based on the results of the analysis, the values of bifurcation parameters are determined, the transition through which sharply increases the formation of new holes. The article provides the developed block diagram of the neural network for assessing the dynamics of the occurrence of holes, as well as an algorithm for generating a predictive estimate of the number of holes. An analysis of the occurrence of the number of holes is carried out on the basis of water level data in the Oka River. The results of spline interpolation of the data are presented in the dependence on the number of holes on the dynamics of the water level in the river for the current and previous year. Practical verification of the developed algorithm was carried out on the basis of the new set of data on the water level in the river and the number of holes. The developed algorithm can be used in predicting the spread (leaching from the soil) of pollutants.
Optimization of organic fertilizers production technology for fractional separation of biodegradable organic waste
Authors: Gribut E A , Kulikova MA , Kasharin D V
Published: September 2020

The article deals with the technology of reagent treatment of biodegradable organic waste of livestock complexes for the production of organomineral fertilizers. The main regularities of the process of separation into liquid and solid fractions using oxalic acid are determined and analyzed; optimal doses of reagents; dependences of changes in the properties of the fraction at various stages of processing with calcium carbide sludge, comparing them with the indicators obtained using lime milk, superphosphate and phosphogypsum. An optimization model of the reagent process has been created to determine the best conditions for biogenic separation.
Influence of different soil tillage methods on the development of root rot in spring wheat
Authors: Ivchenko V K , Polosina V A , Puchkova E P
Published: September 2020

The study was carried out in the grain-fallow-hoed crop rotation in the stationary field experience of the Minderlinskoe academic and experimental facility of Krasnoyarsk State Agrarian University. A positive effect of green manure rapeseed fallow on the phytosanitary condition of the spring wheat crops in the traditional moldboard ploughing by 20-22 cm was found: the root rot rate declines by 8.2-10.9% compared to the absence of any soil tillage. The best conditions for the growth and tillering were identified in the variant when the wheat was preceded by green manure rapeseed fallow with the soil ploughed by 20-22 cm; this variant provided the largest crop yield from 1 ha. The paper presents the mycoflora analysis of the daughter seeds of the Novosibirskaya-15 spring wheat cultivated on the soil tilled with different methods. The study showed that the mycoflora of the daughter seeds of the Novosibirskaya-15 spring wheat cultivated on the soil tilled with different methods is mostly represented by Fusarium sp., p. Alternaria sp., Bipolaris sp., Penicillium sp. The plant pathogenic fungi of Alternaria sp. was found to dominate in all the variants of the experiment. Statistic significance of the difference (p<0.001) between the experiment variants in the intensiveness and prevalence of the disease has been found. The greatest disease development index was found in the spring wheat cultivated without basic soil tillage, and the smallest index was demonstrated by the variant with the moldboard ploughed soil (20-22 cm).
Renewable source of full protein for animal feeding
Authors: Marinchenko T E
Published: September 2020

Existing technologies for industrial production of agricultural products lead to inefficient consumption and loss of natural resources and an increase in the environmental burden on the environment. To saturate the domestic market with high-quality foodstuffs, intensification of agricultural production is required through technological modernization of the agricultural sector of the economy and the introduction of modern resource-saving technologies. The growth of food production requires planning a mechanism for the production waste management, so this issue is very relevant for many manufacturers in connection with the tightening of environmental requirements in many countries. Several promising technologies for the entomologically poultry waste management, which provide complete protein for feeding farm animals and therefore increase the profitability of production, are discussed.
Classification of antibiotics contained in urban wastewater
Authors: Abramova A A , Isakov V G , Nepogodin A M , Grakhova E V , Dyagelev M Y
Published: September 2020

The article is devoted to the study of available information about identification of groups of antibiotics in urban wastewater. At the same time, results of research conducted in Tunisia, Spain, the United States, China and other countries were examined. The comparison showed that wastewater contains a specific set of antibiotics of a country, which is aroused by special veterinary medicine and pharmaceutical industry in the country. However, there are common antibiotic types of urban wastewater in all countries, because of their high applicability and effectiveness of treating bacterial infections. The question of learning the composition of urban wastewater in Russia remains unstudied.
Problem of violating environmental laws in agriculture and state management orientation in Vietnam
Authors: Nguyen Van Lai
Published: September 2020

In Vietnam, sustainable development in agriculture is still a new issue. After more than 30 years of developing the industry in addition to the achievements, the reality is posing many challenges when building agriculture in a sustainable way. These challenges are: agricultural production is still highly dependent on nature, mechanization is still slow … Especially the use of pesticides, herbicides and growth stimulants, arbitrarily, there have been signs of exceeding the permissible limits of the ecological environment, leading to soil degradation, water pollution and harm to human health. This also makes the value of Vietnam’s agricultural products not high, making it difficult to export to markets such as the US, EU, and Japan regularly. Vietnam needs to have solutions to improve the state management capacity in the field of agriculture.
Modern unmanned aerial technologies for the development of agribusiness and precision farming
Authors: Kovalev I V , Testoyedov N A
Published: September 2020

The article discusses modern trends in the use of drones in agribusiness and precision farming. It is shown that agriculture today has an increased demand for data obtained from unmanned aerial systems, mainly for aerial photography, since satellite observations do not fully satisfy users in different regions. Maps showing NDVI are essential for precision farming, since they allow you to analyze the state of vegetation, its density, germination and growth, and predict land productivity. They also help identify problem areas of oppressed vegetation. Traditionally, these data for calculating NDVI farmers received by processing satellite remote sensing information. But after the advent of affordable UAVs, it became possible to reduce the cost of such data, increase the efficiency of their receipt and resolution. We also note a promising trend that is associated with the transition from remote control of drones to robotic systems with automated information processing.
Algorithms for using the database of OMI and OMPS spectrometers for estimating sulfur dioxide emissions
Authors: Zuev D V , Garifullin V F , Temerbaev S A , Feoktistov D S , Zuevskaya A I
Published: September 2020

The paper is devoted to investigation of SO2 emissions in atmospheric air using the OMI space monitoring database for the northern territories of the Krasnoyarsk region in Russia. The highest concentration of SO2 emissions was recorded in April 2019 - 41.2 DU, and the smallest in July 2019 - 0.5 DU. Actual air pollution in populated areas for the northern territories of the Krasnoyarsk Territory corresponds to a high degree of pollution, except for 2013 and 2014 when it was a moderate degree of pollution.
Numerical determination of the contours of the area watering from the fluid source
Authors: Mikishanina E A
Published: September 2020

The paper presents the results of numerical determination of water-flooding contours (or as they are called, depression curves) of a flat porous region from a source with a smooth convex boundary. Based on the Green integral formula, formulas are obtained for determining the values of the harmonic function of the fluid pressure at each point in the region. Areas with constant permeability and variable are considered. Based on the obtained integral identity, a numerical algorithm for determining filtration rates for these and other areas are constructed using the boundary element method is constructed, and depression curves are constructed for sources with a round and elliptical boundary. The eccentricities of the region’s water-flooding conditions are determined. To compare the numerical and analytical results, calculations were made for the test example. You can control the accuracy of calculations by changing the number of nodes on the boundary of the simulated area.
Aspects of ecological engineering as an innovative technology for architecture and construction sphere development
Authors: Sukhinina Elena A , Kiseleva Oksana N , Dyadchenko Sergey F
Published: September 2020

The article discusses the aspect of environmental engineering as an innovative technology for architecture and construction development of and Russia as a whole, determining directions to optimize the existing “green” standards. Innovation and greening are currently the most important trends in the development of any state economy, which cannot be achieved without the corresponding development of green certification systems aimed at ensuring sustainable growth and environmental protection. It is proved that environmental engineering issues are especially important for Russia in view of the prioritization of the innovative development vector and the actualization of the role of green innovations in architecture and construction as a prerequisite for our country to join the ranks of developed countries. Based on the evolution analysis of Russian “green” standards, factors were identified that determined the “imperfection” of their formation. Comparison of the structure and goals of existing Russian certification systems made it possible to identify their main characteristics and specifics, both contributing and leveling processes of sustainable development. Based on the research data obtained, directions for optimizing “green” standards are proposed, which implementation ensures the effective implementation of innovative environmental engineering technologies, with the latter contributing to the creation of favorable conditions for the development of the state as a whole.
Interaction analysis of the electrotechnological system “emitter-material” in the process of heating and drying of food plant raw materials
Authors: Ochirov V D , Altukhov I V , Bykova S M , Blokhnin M A
Published: September 2020

The article considers the heat treating process of edible vegetable raw materials in the system “emitter - material” as the simplest case of heating and drying a homogeneous and isotropic body. It is accepted that the cooling conditions, the ambient temperature and the heat transfer coefficient in time remain constant, and there are no internal heat sources. Based on the study of the fundamental works of famous scientists in the field of food drying, the problem of determining the time constant of raw material heat treatment is solved. This parameter during heat treatment directly depends only on the physical properties of the material, the cooling process on its surface, geometric shape and body size. Knowing the values of the heating time constant, it is possible to determine the time and speed of heating the material to a given temperature.
Kinematic and force analysis of a bucket frontlift
Authors: Khakimzyanov Rustam R , Mashtakov Alexander P
Published: September 2020

Theoretical researches have been carried out and the obtained mathematical expressions characterize a periodic cycle loader with a center pivot frame articulation as a moving mechanical system. The type and the nature of movement of the loader operating element have been considered. The design parameters and the operating modes affect crucially on the interaction between the bucket and the cargo. We have obtained the interdependence between the velocity and the digging depth of a bucket frontlift into the bulk cargo, as well as the kinetic energy of a bucket frontlift as a system, in its initial position. During the force analysis it has been determined the impact of the studied factors on the tractive power of the frontlift and the total digging force, which depends on the tangent tractive power, rolling resistance force and frictional sliding force of a frontlift.
Fire safety cyber-production
Authors: Gurjanov A V , Zharinov I O , Zharinov O O
Published: September 2020

Technological emergencies because of a flame in a production is one of the leading catastrophe factors with significant negative consequences for the environment. To minimize burning risk in a production facility is a system of measures to prevent company infrastructure components burning or to detect them operatively and put them out. The production fire safety is provided with engineer cyber-systems (ECS) installed in the floor or in the ceiling (hanging down). Each ECS protects from burning one of the production cyber-systems (CS). Each CS protected with putting out means of an ECS forms a cyber-production fire protected cell. There is a scheme proposed for a CS fire protected cell, which is the cyber-production base. There is a scheme of a continuous production section equipped with technological CSs and ECSs for fire extinguishing. A system of anti-fire measure is described, which has a room isolation to block inlet and outlet ventilation and to control the isolated sections with rolling doors, which may react on a burning source in a cyber-production. The company fire safety conditions cyber-monitoring system is done as the intellectual production environment. To put out the fire they apply the fire extinguishing ECS assets placed in the floor, which extinguish the fire with a low-dispersed aerosol substance with inertia gases.
Assessment of coal dust adhesion under the action of reagents
Authors: Shanina Elena V , Shanina Ekaterina V , Matyushev V V , Chaplygina I A , Kulakova N S
Published: September 2020

The coal mining industry in Russia is developing rapidly. In this regard, the increase in emissions of coal dust into the environment leads to a serious threat to the safety and health of employees of enterprises and to deterioration of environmental situation. One of the methods in the fight against coal dust pollution is the use of dust-settling reagents. Studies for developing the composition of dust-binding mixtures, characterized by a minimum adhesion (wettability) of coal dust particles, have been conducted. The kinetics of the process of wetting dust with various dust-settling reagents has been studied. It is established that the use of solutions of sodium oleate with the addition of linseed oil is a good dust-settling reagent of natural origin. The adhesion time significantly reduces by adding linseed oil. The greatest efficiency of dust deposition was noted when interacting with a solution of sodium oleate with the addition of linseed oil with a concentration of 4 g/l, when the moisture content of dust was 60 %. The results obtained will contribute to improve the environmental and sanitary conditions of settlements located near operating coal mining enterprises and reduce the incidence of specific diseases among employees of the enterprise.
Gas-diesel engine exhaust gas recirculation
Authors: Lopatin O P
Published: September 2020

It is proved that the use of exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) can not only effectively reduce the content of nitrogen oxides (NOx) in diesel, but also reduce the entire range of toxic components by reducing the volume of exhaust gases (EG). A scheme of the device implementing the control law bypass EG depending on the operating mode of the gas-diesel engine.
Modern concepts for organization of labor protection at oil and gas processing enterprises
Authors: Egorova E S , Vadullina N V , Salimov A O , Savicheva Yu N , Gilyazov A A
Published: September 2020

Improving working conditions is a policy that primarily targets workers. This strategy is aimed at increasing the degree of protection and reducing risks at the workplace, organizing modern technologies and simultaneously safe workers. The concept, as a single defining task or order of submissions, provides an opportunity to acquire a common understanding of the process or phenomenon under study. The article considers modern concepts on labor protection organization, analyzed the state of labor protection management systems and dynamics of industrial injuries at three oil and gas processing enterprises in order to identify the most effective concepts on labor protection organization.
Kinetic scheme of the SDRC rubber synthesis process
Authors: Bronskaya V V , Aminova G A , Manuyko G V , Ignashina T V , Bashkirov D V , Kharitonova O S , Balzamov D S
Published: September 2020

The research of the chemical kinetics of the SDRC rubber synthesis is performed under the optimal water content in the conditions of the chain transfer and cross-growth reactions. The main reactions of the butadiene polymerization mechanism on a cobalt-containing catalytic system that are a chain growth, a chain transfer to monomer, a chain transfer to polymer, spontaneous chain transfer, a chain cross growth reaction are presented. The main assumptions of the presented kinetic scheme are that active centres of one type are formed at the optimum water concentration, the total concentration of active centres is constant and equal to the initiator concentration, at the optimum water concentration the process is considered “uninterrupted” (there is no deactivation). The article presents the theoretical foundations of chemical kinetics of the SDRC rubber synthesis. The cross-growth reaction of polybutadiene macromolecules is possible only through conjugated double bonds, the number of which in the macromolecule is limited. Therefore, this reaction can carry out without gelation to large monomer conversion values. In this regard, the mechanism of the butadiene polymerization reaction on a cobalt catalyst based on the cross growth reaction of “living” macromolecules with “living” and “dead” macromolecules was also considered.
The Industry 4.0 technological safety
Authors: Gurjanov A V , Shukalov A V , Zharinov I O
Published: September 2020

The production processes have some negative consequences for the environment. The potentially ecologically dangerous technologies and equipment require a constant attention form the company board and the controlling State structures. The technical means to provide the production technological safety equal to the appearing technological risks are engineer cyber-system (ECS) to neutralize toxins throwing away to the nature. The ECS support the company life ability and locally placed in categorized production rooms given for auxiliary equipment. The company production and ECS procedure algorithms are done with the intellectual production system to react operatively for critical values of emergencies with negative ecology influences. The production infrastructure conditions correct evaluation is reached with ECSs inquiry to prevent the emergencies from happening. There is a system to classify ECSs, which provide the company technological safety. There is ecologically safe automatic cyber-production architecture where the most efficient format is done with three coils, which constantly interact in production components.
Analysis of the structural determination nickel complexes
Authors: Bisergaeva R A , Sirieva Y N
Published: September 2020

The sets of bands in the IR and UV – spectra are the same specific a characteristic of a substance, like a person’s fingerprint. According to these spectra, the substance it can be identified if its vibrational spectrum is already known. In addition, by IR and UV –spectra determine the symmetry and structure of unexplored molecules. Frequencies the main vibrations found from the spectra are necessary for calculating thermodynamic properties of substances. Measuring the intensity of bands in the spectra allows you to quantitative analysis, study chemical equilibria and kinetics of chemical reactions, monitor the progress of technological processes. Nickel (II) ion forms many stable complexes. This work is devoted to the preparation and study of the stereochemistry of nickelphosphine complexes. We obtained nickelphosphine complexes NiBr2(PPh3)2; NiBr2(PCy3)2, and analysed to determine the structure. We studied the magnetic moments of solids from the following spectra in UV-visible (electronic spectra), infrared spectrum (normal range) and far infrared spectrum.
Two-stage leaching of copper-zinc concentrate containing tennantite
Authors: Artykova A V , Melamud V S , Boduen A Ya , Bulaev A G
Published: September 2020

The goal of the present work was to evaluate the possibility to improve bioleaching of Cu-Zn concentrate containing tennantite by means of using alkaline sulfide leaching (ASL). Concentrate contained 18.1% Cu, 6.2% Zn, and 1.7% As. ASL allows removing arsenic by means of destruction tennantite (Cu12As4S13) that results in the formation of dissolved thioarsenite and CuS and CuS2 in solid residues. ASL was performed under the following conditions: 95°C, pulp density 20%, residence time 6 h, NaOH concentration 3.5M, Na2S concentration 1.5M. ASL residue contained 17.8% Cu, 6.4% Zn, and 0.2% As. Bioleaching of the concentrate and ASL solid residue was performed in stirred tank reactor under the following conditions: 40°C, pulp density 10%, residence time 20 d. Cu extraction reached 21 and 37%, while Zn extraction was 38 and 47% during concentrate and ASL residue bioleaching. The results obtained demonstrated that ASL pretreatment of the concentrate containing tennantite led to significant increase in copper extraction. Therefore, two-stage leaching including ASL and bioleaching may be considered as promising approach for processing tennantite-containing products since it allows avoiding emission of toxic gases and providing comparatively high copper and zinc extraction.
Humus substances content in agrochernozems using for cultivation of oilseeds in the Kansk forest-steppe
Authors: Vlasenko O A , Kurachenko N L , Ulyanova O A , Kazanov V V , Khalilzoda F Kh
Published: September 2020

The agrochernozems of the Kansk forest-steppe used for the cultivation of rapeseed and camelina were characterized by a high humus content both in the 0–20 and 0–40 cm layer. The carbon content of humus (Chumus) (Dump) and carbon of water-soluble organic matter (CH2O) had a weak spatial variability (Cv = 1.3-11.7%), the content of carbon extracted with 0.1 n alkali (C0.1 n NaOH) had an average and very high degree of spatial variability (Cv = 18.7-66.1% ) The heterogeneity of the soil cover was a factor determining the average statistical decrease in the content of stocks of all fractions of humic substances, with the exception of water-soluble carbon of humus. Fields with a pronounced meso- and microrelief and the presence of thinner types of agrochernozems are recommended for use for the cultivation of camelina, as a crop less demanding on soil conditions than rape.
Colonization of the young glaciofluvial deposits at the period of the modern climate warming in the North-Chuya glaciation center
Authors: Timoshok E E , Timoshok E N , Raiskaia Yu G
Published: September 2020

We have investigated the early colonization of plants on the highly disturbed glaciofluvlial deposits of the Aktru valley. The modern colonization of the deposits are occurs in their middle part. It was impossible until the modern climate changes because of harsh disturbance regime which was prevented any colonization in this area by regular destruction of both plants and habitats. Now the regime is milder. 100 species from 31 family and 64 genera are participating in colonization now. The most of involved species are high-mountain ones and belong to Poaceae, Asteraceae and Salicaceae families. Most common growth forms of these plants are perennial hers and shrubs. The colonizing Larix trees are exist only as shrub growth form. The formed communities are underdeveloped and may be considered as existing on the pioneer stage of succession. The plant communities development is slow because of harsh disturbance regime thus forming of young forest similar to those in the higher part of the deposits will require a lot of time.
The impact of fires on the vegetation of the North Baikal islands (Big Ushkan Island)
Authors: Bukharova E V , Luzhkova N M
Published: September 2020

Based on the pyrogenic successions of Big Ushkan Island (Baikal Lake) being a part of the Zabaybalsky National Park, the changes in the vegetation on the North Baikal islands are studied. The paper presents the outcomes of the first stage of the monitoring. The general features and specificity of changes in the vegetation after the fire of 2015 on the island compared to the valley side are discovered. Fires reduce the diversity of species and increase the biodiversity of the landscape. The biomass of the field layer increases, but that of the wood layer decreases. At the initial stages of the pyrogenic successions, the species composition of the communities depends on the type of fire, the floristic composition of the pre-fire community and the biodiversity of the surrounding territories. The island and the continent feature different paces of the succession processes.
Calculated determination of the flow coefficient through the intake system of the internal combustion engine
Authors: Zholobov L A , Medvedev A V , Pasin A V , Novozhilov A I
Published: September 2020

Taking into account the complexity and duration of creating the optimal shape of the flow part of the intake system, it is advisable to use mathematical models in its design and modernization. This not only reduces the cost and speeds up the creation of an optimal air path, but also provides conditions for automating the design process. The calculated determination of the flow coefficient using modern methods allows you to significantly reduce the amount of experimental research and solve the main problems by choosing the optimal combination of structural elements of the intake channels at the design and finishing stage of the engine. A method is proposed for calculating the flow rate through the intake system of an internal combustion engine (ICE) depending on the design features of the intake system elements: the flow resistance coefficient, the average speed of the piston, the cross-section area of the cylinder, the average effective flow of the valve slot, the number of valves, the value of the valve lift, the diameter of the neck. The influence of total losses from gas dynamic resistance is estimated.
Development of a methodology for assessing the impact of vehicles on the acoustic environment
Authors: Lopatin O P
Published: September 2020

Currently, the population of cities is in constant acoustic discomfort, both in production and transport, and in everyday life. Noise sources in cities are diverse. The reason for noise in cities can be mechanical engineering, light and construction industries, while the main source of noise is transport. Its share is 70-80% of the total background noise transmitted through the atmosphere. On major highways, the noise level is 85-92 dB with a maximum sound pressure in the frequency range of 400-800 Hz. In an industrial city, a high percentage of freight transport on highways is common. An increase in the total traffic flow of trucks, especially heavy trucks with diesel engines, leads to an increase in noise levels. Therefore, the development of methods to reduce the noise impact of various man-made sources on the environment of urban areas has become urgent. According to the developed method, you can determine the noise level near the city’s roads.
Emission flame characteristics for cyclic combustion of liquid fuels
Authors: Rossokhin A V
Published: September 2020

The paper considers issues related to the emissivity of the flame generated in the cylinder of a high-speed piston internal combustion engine and, in particular, diesel and the effect of soot particles formed during the combustion of motor fuel on this process. The factors determining this process are presented, the data of various researchers involved in these processes are analyzed. Data are presented that establish the relationship between the amount of soot particles formed and the emission characteristics of the flame, on which the thermal loading of the parts of the cylinder-piston group depends.
Mathematical modeling of grain mictures in optimatization tasks of the dump bunker’s kinematic parameters
Authors: Rogovskii I L , Shymko L S , Voinash S A , Sokolova V A , Rzhavtsev A A , Andronov A V
Published: September 2020

Typically, in the technological processes of agricultural production, machines and equipment are used, where self-loading containers, bunkers, operating on the principle of natural gravitational leakage of friable, grain materials are used for transportation or overload of bulk materials. But the use of such components is justified only for use in the process of harvesting maize ears in the swaths and provided that the start is fed to the collecting hopper of the combine harvester, and after filling it is overloaded in the technological transport by the principle of “dump truck”. When trying to go beyond these limitations to increase transportation or overload of bulk materials, there are objective difficulties that arise from the freezing and sticking of the bulk material in the absence of the gravitational leakage phenomenon. As part of the study described in this article, an analytical description of overcoming these difficulties is proposed. It is based on the fact that the analytical equations of motion of a grain mixture, such as quasi-liquids, allow taking into account the bunker’s turn around the fastening axis during unloading of the grain mixture. This analytical approach allows us to further substantiate the kinematic parameters of self-propelled bunkers of harvesting machines. The mode of the technological process of unloading the dump of the hopper with grain material with a minimum unloading time is analyzed. This means that the obtained scientific result in the form of the equation of motion of a grain mixture, as quasi-liquids, on a sloping plane is interesting from the theoretical point of view. From the practical point of view, the analytical equations of motion of the grain mixture, such as quasi-liquids, allow us to determine the conditions of use of combine harvesters in the technology of plant production. Thus, the applied aspect of using the obtained scientific result is the possibility of improving the typical technological process of harvesting agricultural crops. This is a prerequisite for the transfer of technological solutions to agro-industrial production.
Indicators of massive cluster of nitrogen oxides within the operation of a diesel CI engine on methyl hydroxide
Authors: Anfilatov A A , Chuvashev A N
Published: September 2020

NOxcan be formed in the incineration chamber within high-temperature oxidation of azote in the air, as a result of low-temperature oxidation of azote-containing ignitable compounds, due to the collision of hydrocarbon radicals with azote molecules in the incineration reaction zone in the presence of temperature fluctuations. To analyze the education of NOxin the topper of inland incineration CI engine, attempts have been made to apply a bimolecular mechanism. In some cases, using the indicated mechanism, a fairly good agreement was obtained between the experimental and calculated cluster of NOx. The data obtained on variations in the indexes of the massive cluster of NOxwithin the operation of a CI engine on methyl hydroxide are presented in this article. The readings were taken experimentally on a two-topper CI engine at various plant corners for determining ignitable shot.
Features of fuel supply in diesel cylinder when working on methanol
Authors: Chuvashev A N , Anfilatov A A
Published: September 2020

The use of alcohols as an alternative fuel has long been a necessary phenomenon, since it allows you to save oil fuel and improve the environmental situation. Vyatka agricultural Academy continues to study the impact of alcohol consumption in diesel engines when they are powered by a dual fuel supply system. The article presents a method for calculating the main parameters of fuel supply.
Methyl hydroxide combustion in a diesel cylinder and its effect on the cluster of carbon black
Authors: Likhanov V A , Anfilatov A A
Published: September 2020

In studies of carbon black education on a model setting during the injection of secondary liquid fuel into the combustion products, the existence of an poise operation temperature, i.e., the temperature at which the operation is characterized by poise between the combustion and decay rates of the fuel in thermal terms has been established. The cluster of smokiness education varies depending on changes in the setting fuel injection angle of a CI engine. At the same time, it is possible to determine with certainty the optimal fuel supply angles in the diesel cylinder both when working on diesel oil, and when working on methyl hydroxide with a pilot portion of hydrocarbon fuel.
The effect of methyl hydroxide ignition in CI motor on the volumetric upkeep of nitrogen oxides in exhaust gases
Authors: Anfilatov A A , Chuvashev A N
Published: September 2020

This article presents the results of the education of output values of the volumetric upkeep of NOxin the EG. There are three ways of education of NOx, differing in the method of origin. The education of NOxcan occur in the flame front, in which clusters of atomic oxygen and hydroxyl radical are observed, which are several orders of magnitude higher than the equilibrium ones in the zone of ignition products. The calculated data on the education of NOxin the CI motor cylinder by two reactions of the chain mechanism and the reaction of the bimolecular mechanism by equilibrium clusters in the zone of ignition products are in good agreement with the experimental ones.
The influence of adjustment parameters on the performance of the combustion process
Authors: Likhanov V A , Rossokhin A V
Published: September 2020

The paper analyzes the use of natural gas as a motor fuel for an automobile diesel engine of 4CHN 11,0/12,5 dimension and its effect on the indicators of the combustion process depending on the change in the value of the installation angle of advance of fuel injection. It was found that when switching to gas engine fuel, the installation angle of the fuel injection advance can be maintained at the level of basic modification, which makes the conversion process technically simple from the point of view of operation. The values of the parameters characterizing the combustion process when converted to natural gas are within acceptable limits, and a number of parameters even improve their value.