bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Predictive Transport Model of Bisphenol-A in Main Pampanga River
Authors: Austero Sheila , Resurreccion Augustus , Rollon Analiza , Ballesteros Florencio , Kwan Charita , Herrera Eugene , Sinoy Ma. Concepcion , Macasieb Reygie
Published: August 2023

Phenolic endocrine disrupting compounds (EDCs) like Bisphenol-A (BPA) can interfere in the natural processes being done by the endocrine system of living organisms. To assess the effect of such contaminant in the Main Pampanga River of the Philippines, a transport model was developed using the Water Quality Analysis Simulation Program (WASP) by US EPA. The flow inputs were estimated using the Hydrologic Modeling System (HEC-HMS) by the US Army Corps of Engineers – Hydrologic Engineering Center. The following data were used to estimate the flows via HEC-HMS: IFSAR DEM, land cover, soil map, rainfall and weather data, streamflow data, and dam parameters. WASP Inputs included the following: physical and chemical properties, river cross-sectional profiles, boundary conditions, and loads. BPA concentrations from literature, population data, and waste generation data were used to estimate the BPA boundary concentrations and loads. The statistical parameters of the calibration and validation of the BPA transport model showed that the model is acceptable (NSE > 0.5) with good fit relative to observed data points (R-squared > 0.8). The PBIAS values are also between -25 and +25, thus satisfying the criteria for model accuracy.
Acknowledgment

This study is funded by the CHED-PCARI Project entitled “Developing Information Infrastructure for Managing Antibiotics and Endocrine Disrupting Substances in Pampanga River Basin and its Coastal Environs: Maps, Transport Models, and Bioindicators of Ecological and Public Health Risks”, which is also called as Pampanga River Basin (PRB) Project.
Application of electrochemical peroxidation with nanoscale zero-valent iron particles (nZVI) for selenium removal from oil refinery wastewater
Authors: Hansen Henrik , Hansen Marcela , Gutiérrez Claudia , Lazo Andrea , Lazo Pamela
Published: August 2023

This study uses the electrochemical peroxidation process to remove selenium in combination with nanoscale zero-valent iron particles (nZVI) as the iron source. Also, experiments with just the addition of the nZVI doses without current application were carried out. The nanoparticles were synthesized by the chemical reduction of iron chloride hexahydrate with sodium borohydride obtaining particles with an average size of 78 nm. The initial percentage of oxygen was in the range of 4.57% - 6.25% with no measurable increase after 15 days. 1 L of oil refinery wastewater was used in each experiment and the treatment time for all of them was 1 hour. The nZVI doses were: 950, 3800 and 11400 molFe/MolSe and the current density values were: 100 and 200 A/m2, all combinations were tested. The initial concentration of total Se in the wastewater was 0.16 mg/L. After the treatment, in the case of electrochemical peroxidation, a removal of 21.4 to 28.4% was achieved, depending on the nZVI dose and current density. In the case of treatment with just nZVI and no application of current, a removal of 54.1 to 94.5% was obtained, with the highest removal efficiency reached at a nanoparticle dose of 11400 molFe/MolSe.
Evaluation of solid sorbents for acid flue gas emissions treatment
Authors: Ravina M. , Cerutti A. , Marotta E. , Zanetti G. , Panepinto D. , Ruffino B. , Zanetti M.C.
Published: August 2023

Removal of acid gases from exhaust emissions of industrial applications (SOx, HCl, HF) still represents a challenge for many sectors, in particular for waste to energy facilities. In dry absorption processes, the solid reagent (typically Ca(OH)2 or NaHCO3) is injected countercurrent to the gas in a reaction chamber that allows for optimal contact modes and times between the phases. Efficiency is influenced by the specific surface area of the solid (m2 kg-1 reagent), by the degree to which it is mixed with the gas, the concentration of the gas to be adsorbed, the temperature and humidity of the flow and the concentration of the reagent, usually expressed in terms of stoichiometric ratio. After reacting, solid sorbents can be separated from the flue gas together with the dust particles via a fabric filter. Recently, new formulation of calcium and sodium based sorbents have been investigated. Hence, the design and development of accurate systems for the experimental characterization of these material is important. The objective of the present study was to compare the absorption capacity of different types of solid sorbents against a gas stream containing HCl. A nitrogen/HCl gas mixture provided by an external laboratory was used for that purpose. Calcium and sodium-based sorbents were evaluated in an experimental installation consisting of a gas feed line, a gas flow meter and a reactor in which the absorption reaction took place. Unreacted chlorine was collected downstream with a bubbler filled with ultrapure water. The chlorine and water solution was finally tested in an ion chromatograph to determine the residual chlorine concentration.
Urban Heat Island mitigation scenarios by Blue-Green Infrastructures modelling
Authors: Despini Francesca , La Cecilia Daniele , Malvolti Giulia , Teggi Sergio , Bigi Alessandro , Bach Peter
Published: August 2023

The integrated planning of cities landscape and blue-green infrastructures (BGI) is an approach poised to play an increasingly positive role in climate change adaptation for the human population. Cities worldwide are rapidly expanding to accommodate the increasing urbanization. Phenomena including Urban Heat Island (UHI) and urban flooding are thus more likely – the occurrence and severity of which will be exacerbated by more extreme weather events. BGI offer a network of semi-natural engineering solutions for the sustainable mitigation of such threats to urban liveability.
Scientists have developed scenario modeling tools capable of investigating either phenomenon. Yet their combination has been underexplored. In this study, we integrate, in a feedback loop, the inputs and outputs of two globally used BGI modeling tools (i.e., UrbanBEATS and TARGET) in one framework. UrbanBEATS allows us to optimally plan systems for managing stormwater quality and quantity based on user and policy requirements. The planned land cover is then used in TARGET, a one-dimensional urban climate model, to simulate the impact of BGI on the UHI effect.
We apply this framework to the Municipality of Modena, a medium-sized municipality located in the northern part of Italy in the River Po Valley. The area is particularly suited for the study given the tendency towards increasing imperviousness and worsening summer heat events evolving to longer dry conditions and shorter but more intense rainfalls.
The simplicity of the models and minimal data requirements guarantee widespread applicability of the framework by public authorities to plan the adoption of BGI and make cities more sustainable, liveable and resilient.
Mapping of available biological feedstock streams: The case of agro-industrial waste and by-products in the Region of Central Macedonia - Greece
Authors: Patsios Sotiris , Batsioula Maria , Skoutida Stamatia , Geroliolios Dimitrios , Melas Lefteris , Karkanias Christos , Karanasiou Anthoula , Saliakellis Panagiotis , Malamakis Apostolos , Banias George
Published: August 2023

The European Union’s Bioeconomy Strategy aims to the transition to a circular, sustainable bio-based economy. It should be highlighted that bio-based production systems face significant challenges concerning the sustainable availability of the biological materials that are used as feedstocks for bio-based products. The development of sustainable value chains of biological feedstocks is a challenging prerequisite for the implementation of the Bioeconomy Strategy and Green Deal priorities. An important step towards this goal is to develop a methodological approach for mapping the current European biological feedstocks by identifying their source, trade, and fate. In the material to follow, a general, comprehensive methodology for carrying out a Material Flow Analysis (MFA) of the main biological feedstocks that can be used by the bio-based industries is presented. The MFA methodology is implemented for the main agro-industrial waste and by-product streams in the Region of Central Macedonia (RCM) in Greece, identifying the most promising locally available biological feedstocks. Approximately 1.4 million tons (dry matter) residual biomass per year are harvested in the RCM mainly from cereals and industrial crops. The majority of this biological feedstock is valorized in conventional uses for bioenergy and for feed. Constrains regarding their use (e.g. legal, social, technical etc.) are also discussed. The outcomes of this study are expected to contribute to the development of the local circular bio-based economy and to act as a paradigm for other national (Greek) and European regions.
Beach erosion due to climate change: evaluation and best mitigation practices in touristic beaches of North Aegean Islands and Cyprus – The methodological structure of BEACHTECH project
Authors: Hasiotis Thomas , Velegrakis Adonis , Chadjimitsis Diofantos , Loizidi Myria
Published: August 2023

The expected relative sea level rise (RSLR) and changes in the intensity/ frequency of extreme sea levels pose a growing erosion threat to beaches, the most important natural resources of touristic islands. In the framework of the BEACHTECH project, the beaches of Lesvos and Chios Islands (NE Aegean) and Cyprus have been digitized and modeled under different scenarios of sea level rise to assess their erosion. Four pilot beaches were selected for further study aiming to determine the present and model the future erosion risk and design effective technical adaptation measures. The results are envisaged to advance knowledge on the assessment of the anticipated coastal erosion and flood risk at island settings, offer options of technical measures (involving prospection for potential marine aggregate deposits) to the partner regional authorities, advance our understanding of the interactions between beaches and their backshore hydrological basins, and promote our capability to observe beach erosion using high frequency coastal monitoring systems.
A smart integrated platform for leakage detection on water supply network in Aigio town
Authors: Chasiotis Angelos , Piromalis Dimitris , Chasiotis Stefanos , Feloni Elisavet , Papageorgas Panagiotis , Bousdeki Maria , Sofianopoulos Manolis , Nikolopoulos Dimitris , Kouniniotis Dimitris , Mathiou Panagiota , Nastos Panagiotis
Published: August 2023

Non-revenue water (NRW) is the volume of water participating in urban water supply processes, which does not generate revenues for the water utility company and it is divided into the water losses and the unbilled consumption. In the era of sustainable water resources management, the reduction of NRW, especially to cope with the losses, is among the main objectives of both national and regional management plans. In this frame, the Municipal Enterprise for Water and Wastewater of Aigialeia (DEYA.A) and the Institutionalized Research Laboratory of Smart Technologies, Renewable Energy Sources & Quality (UNIWA) collaborate in the project entitled “Smart system for Leak Detection for water supply Network of Aigio” with the purpose of controlling water leakage, which now reaches around 48% of the total water supply in the external water network of Aigio town, in Aigialeia, Greece. This study describes the main objectives, the system’s components, and the implementation scheme of the project, which will contribute to the development of a smart system that is estimated to save up to 600.000 m3 of water per year
An Example of a Detailed Beach Inventory at an Island Scale: The Case of Chios, Greece
Authors: Hasiotis Thomas , Monioudi Isavela , Andreadis Olympos , Chatzistratis Dimitrios , Chalazas Theodoros , Velegrakis Adonis , Monioudis E , Mettas Christodoulos , Koutsantonaki Charikleia
Published: August 2023

This contribution presents an example of a detailed beach inventory that can provide a comprehensive understanding of beach characteristics, using as a case study the island of Chios. The inventory was assembled using various sources, such as satellite imagery, optical information/tools provided by the Google Earth Pro application, online resources, and local information sources, including interviews with locals. The ‘dry’ beaches were digitized as polygons on the satellite imagery. Metadata production from the digitized polygons was carried out in GIS. Geospatial information (e.g., width, area, orientation), environmental characteristics (e.g. sediment texture, coastal dunes, cliffs, rivers), socio-economic parameters (e.g. beach development, touristic activity) and human intervention features (e.g. coastal defenses, port facilities) were included in the database. The spatial characteristics and other attributes of the island beaches stored in the database were statistically analyzed, to identify underlying relationships. The geographical distribution of the beach characteristics along the coastline of Chios was also analyzed. This database serves as a vital management tool, facilitating the fulfilment of relevant legal obligations of Greece regarding coastal management. Its comprehensive and detailed information supports effective decision-making and aids in the sustainable management of the island's beaches.
Tolerance mechanisms and adaptive strategies of Moringa oleifera (L) during growth and vegetative development under water stress in hydroponics
Authors: Pantera Anastasia , Boumenjel Ahmed , Papadopoulos Andreas
Published: August 2023

In order to highlight the potential tolerance and/or resistance of Moringa oleifera (L), to drought during two weeks of germination in vitro. Osmotic water stress was induced under semi-controlled conditions. The water potential of the culture medium was lowered by the addition of polyethylene glycol (PEG-6000). As a result, four water potentials (ѰH) were tested: 0 (control), -2; -4 and -6 MPa. Our results showed that the variations at physiological level were materialized by: A slight decrease in the germination speed, accompanied by an increase in the latency time, as the ѰH decreases. However, our results showed that the growth of radicles and epicotyls of young seedlings of M. oleifera, two weeks old, significant reductions (p<0.05) of 27.8% and 77.5%, respectively, compared to controls. Our results also showed, a high accumulation of compatible solutes, in this case proline and proteins. With respective increases, estimated at 55%, and over 100% compared to controls. In addition, the comparison of the profiles of the cationic ions, of the control seeds compared to the treated ones, shows that the latter have the possibility of accumulating more ionic cations such as K+, Ca2+ and Mg2+ which would have roles of osmoregulation. Moreover, our results plead in favor of the capacity of our species to maintain or even improve its oxidative status, materialized by the increase of the activities of total polyphenols, total antioxidant capacity, catalase and ascorbate peroxidase.
Solar parks effect on soil properties: Initial results
Authors: Pantera Anastasia , Du Hamel Anne-Sophie , Papadopoulos Andreas
Published: August 2023

Solar power generation in Greece has only been increasing since the 1980s to become the main source of renewable energy. Today, around 4.1 million m2 of Greek land is covered by solar parks. This article starts with a literature review on how the photovoltaic panels impact their environment and on the different existing management solutions. The panels modify at some extent their environment, creating a new microclimate potentially favoring new species (Armstrong et al., 2016). To increase land use value, some solar parks are part of an agrivoltaic system, being grazed or associated with crops (Kumpanalaisatit et al., 2022). Others can be managed into a haven for pollinators (Blaydes et al., 2021). This paper presents some initial data from three PV in Greece, located in different areas, one old and grazed and two without any additional management than the one commonly practiced. The research focuses on identifying the soil properties under and outside of the panels’ zone. In some sites, differences in pH and humidity between these two parts of the park have been identified, soil being more humid and acidic under the panels.
Pilot scale investigation of an advanced photo-electro-chemical oxidation process for treatment of effluents from pesticides manufacturing plants
Authors: Sarasidis Vasilis , Petsi Panagiota , Plakas Konstantinos , Karabelas Anastasios
Published: August 2023

This paper reports on the effectiveness of an innovative hybrid advanced oxidation process-scheme aiming to degrade recalcitrant organic compounds in industrial effluents. Following targeted experimental work, a pilot unit was developed/built combining two advanced oxidation processes, based on in-situ production of powerful hydroxyl radicals (HO); i.e., electrochemical anodic oxidation (AO) employing boron-doped diamond (BDD) electrodes and photochemical oxidation via H2O2 photolysis under UV-C irradiation (H2O2/UV-C). The pilot-unit was operated, in batch mode for six months in a pesticides manufacturing plant, treating colored effluents characterized by high, recalcitrant organic load (typically ~3300 mg/L COD, ~1000 mg/L TOC). The effect was examined of key process parameters, including current density, UV-C dose, H2O2 concentration, recirculation flow rate and processing time, on system performance, mainly regarding organic-matter mineralization and discoloration rate. For the aforementioned effluent organic load, applying a near-optimal set of process-parameter values (i.e. 40 mA/cm2 current density, 0.65 W/L UV-C dose, ‘on-line’ dosing of approx. 1140 mgL-1h-1 H2O2 and 8.4 L/min recirculation flow rate), TOC and color removal reached 71% and 93%, respectively. The effectiveness of the combined AO/H2O2/UV-C process, mainly due to high utilization of injected H2O2 (approx. 80-90%), is judged as remarkable, considering that complete degradation (>99%) was observed of the 53 out of the total 54 organic compounds identified in the wastewater. Furthermore, the treated effluents by the hybrid AO/H2O2/UV-C process meet the standards (i.e. COD<1000 mg/L and TSS<350 mg/L) for safe disposal to local/regional biological effluent-treatment plant. Therefore, the demonstrated technology is an attractive, sustainable alternative to the currently employed special treatment, which involves chemical coagulation/granular activated carbon adsorption and necessitates costly extra-treatment of the resulting secondary wastes. Steps are currently in progress towards implementation at large scale, of the hybrid AO/H2O2/UV-C technology, for treatment of similar heavily polluted industrial effluents.
Seasonal fluctuations of PM2.5 concentrations at six Greek islands
Authors: Fameli Kyriaki-Maria , Kotrikla Anna-Maria , Polydoropoulou Amalia , Mihalopoulos Nikolaos , Grivas George , Stavroulas Iasonas
Published: August 2023

PM2.5 concentrations in urban areas vary significantly spatially and seasonally. Measurements can be affected by multiply parameters such as anthropogenic activities, meteorological conditions as well as land use. In the present study one-year PM2.5 measurements from the network of low-cost sensors deployed at six Aegean Sea islands (Lemnos, Lesvos, Chios, Samos, Rhodes, and Syros) were used to study the seasonal changes and the possible impacts from the local sources (e.g., road transport, residential heating) on the air quality. It is the first time that such a long timeseries of PM2.5 concentrations was collected simultaneously at islands with different socioeconomic characteristics (e.g., Syros and Rhodes are among the most popular touristic destinations in Greece) and meteorological conditions (longer warm period in Rhodes in comparison to Lemnos, Lesvos, and Chios). Moreover, citizens’ insight on local air quality and emission sources was collected through the conduction of semi-structured interviews. Results revealed that lower PM2.5 concentrations were recorded during the warm period and the range of minimum – maximum concentrations was smaller. In the cold period peak values were measured at Lesvos, Samos, and Chios mainly in the evening hours. Comparing the mean seasonal concentrations, it was found that the lowest values were measured at Syros for both warm and cold periods.
A study of the properties of alkali activated cement concrete with potassium carbonate activator.
Authors: Mavroulidou Maria
Published: August 2023

Alkali-activated cements (AAC) have recently attracted the vivid interest of the civil engineering industry as promising innovative alternatives to Portland Cement (PC) which is responsible for 8% of anthropogenic CO2 emissions. In this context, this paper studies concrete produced using potassium carbonate (K2CO3)-activated slag cements, on which there is paucity of information. A preliminary study included one-part versus two-part cements and different liquid/solid ratios. Following this, mechanical property and durability testing of the resulting concrete was performed for different curing conditions. The results indicated that strengths would be suitable for C20/25 concrete (i.e., suitable for domestic uses); these strengths were gained early in the curing process (already at 7 days) in most cases. However, by lowering the liquid/solid ratio of the mixes, higher 28-day strengths of up to C30/37 concrete were achieved. Ongoing work is investigating durability of this type of concrete with results so far showing good promise.
Use of food waste as culture media in biocementation for ground improvement applications
Authors: Mavroulidou Maria , Mwandira Wilson , Gunn Michael , Gray Christopher
Published: August 2023

The paper investigates the use of mixed fruit and vegetable (FV) waste to extract liquid to grow bacteria. The bacteria will be used to induce biocementation of soils and two metabolic pathways are examined. These are the ureolytic pathway and the carbonic anhydrase pathway (which absorbs CO2). The growing medium produced from fruit and vegetable waste is compared with a commercial growing medium. The results show the feasibility of using FV as a growth medium to successfully biocement soil and coal ash. A typical FV medium contains 3% total sugar and 0.302 mg/100 ml of protein. The results show that vegetable stalks and fruit peel media support the growth of both ureolytic bacteria B. licheniformis and U-1, a carbonic anhydrase-producing bacteria. The use of FV waste to grow bacteria leads to a reduction in biocementation costs for ground improvement applications.Acknowledgements
The European Commission funded this work under the Horizon 2020 Marie Skłodowska-Curie Individual Fellowships Grant Number 101025184 (Grant holder: London South Bank University).
Time Evolution of Renewable Energy Applications Social Acceptability. The Wind Energy Case in Decarbonization Areas
Authors: Kaldellis John (Ioannis) , Boulogiorgou Despoina
Published: August 2023

Energy transition policy towards zero carbon electricity generation by 2030/2050 in European as well in national level is based on increased exploitation of Renewable Energy Sources (RES) giving great importance to public opinion and public participation. Considering the above, it is important to analyze in detail the society's current view regarding the installation of additional RES applications in local level. Wind energy is one of the most mature technologies applied in order to decarbonize the electricity sector, while due to the size of the contemporary wind turbines they are always a subject for intense debate.
Moreover, social acceptability of wind parks has always been characterized by a dynamic relationship between local society and the corresponding applications. Actually, the general broad acceptance of RES varies widely when one considers public opinion locally in areas where RES projects have been or are going to be installed. In order to investigate the wind-based applications acceptance on an "objective" basis the Soft Energy Applications and Environmental Protection Laboratory of the University of West Attica recorded the time evolution of the public attitude during the last twenty years, since the first commercial wind energy applications are dated at late 90’s. The results of the recent research have been statistically processed. At present, the resulting conclusions are not as positive as in the previous decade and highlight the need for additional information concerning the benefits arising from the operation of similar installations.
Citizens Awareness Energy Park. The value of knowledge sharing and energy science in local communities.
Authors: Kaldellis John (Ioannis) , Ktenidis Panagiotis , Boulogiorgou Despoina , Andrianopoulou Athanasia , Kavadias Kosmas , Exarchakos Georgios
Published: August 2023

Universities often act as a link between local communities and innovative research activities. In this context, this study explores the design of a Citizens Awareness Energy Park (CAEP) for demonstrating and disseminating knowledge to the local community. The CAEP aims in demonstrating applications of renewable energy and energy-saving technologies. Through this work, the behavioural and attitudinal change related to energy use and environmental protection issues related to the energy transition are promoted. The study was implemented in the Municipality of Ilion and consisted of three stages. Initially, a research questionnaire was developed and distributed to citizens to record their awareness on contemporary energy issues. Next, selected renewable energy technologies were sized and sited in an existing open space in the Municipality of Ilion. Finally, citizens actively participated in environmental pollution measurements in the "citizen science" practice framework. The study's results identified the possibilities and difficulties of creating an effective CAEP, while assessing the critical commitment factors of the actors (e.g., citizens, local enterprises, municipal authorities, etc.) involved.
Response of the lichen Evernia prunastri to exposure of antibiotic
Authors: Sujetovienė Gintarė , Miškelytė Diana , Dikšaitytė Austra , Januškaitienė Irena , Kacienė Giedrė , Žaltauskaitė Jūratė
Published: August 2023

Tetracycline antibiotics are one of the main groups of antibiotics widely used in medicine and a major environmental concern. However, the effects on non-target organisms are not well studied. Thalli of lichens artificially were exposed to high levels tetracycline to determine the impact on physiological parameters (integrity of cell membranes, chlorophyll content, photosynthetic efficiency) and oxidative stress response (membrane lipid peroxidation). The results of the experiment showed that exposure affected the lichen membrane damage as indicated by increase in conductivity. The potential photosystem II efficiency (Fv/Fm) was susceptible to the impact of antibiotic. The concentrations of TBARS were markedly increased with increasing concentration of tetracycline. The results of the study supplemented the knowledge on the effects of pollution on organisms, such as veterinary antibiotics, on lichens and provided a better understanding of the mechanisms of toxicity.
Screening of oleaginous yeast Trichosporon coremiforme EXF-8679 in commercial sugars and treatment of olive mill wastewaters
Authors: Cinerman Nina Gunde , Sarris Dimitris , Kiouranakis Georgios , Margioula Despoina , Gkatzionis Konstantinos , Ioannou Zacharias , Papanikolaou Seraphim
Published: August 2023

Trichosporon is a genus of yeasts that belongs in the family of Trichosporonaceae., that typically can be found in soil, but several species are in the natural part of the skin microbiota of humans and other animals. Trichosporon coremiforme is considered as an oleaginous yeast
Investigating ammonia-free urea hydrolysis biocementation processes
Authors: Mavroulidou Maria , Safdar Muhammad , Gunn Michael , Garelick Jonathan
Published: August 2023

Biocementation (i.e., the production of biomimetic cement through the metabolic activity of microorganisms) has attracted the vivid interest of researchers worldwide in the last decade. To date most research works and commercial products proposed biocementation using the urea hydrolysis metabolic route, as it is a fast and easy to control process. However, its major limitation is ammonia production, with adverse environmental impacts. Consequently, research effort has focused on how to alleviate or mitigate ammonia by-products, while using this metabolic route.
The paper presents results of soft organic soil biocementation using an ex-situ urea hydrolysis process, developed so that the produced ammonia does not reach the soil. Indigenous ureolytic bacteria extracted from the soil of a site in East Anglia, UK were used to produce the urease enzyme, which catalyses the urea hydrolysis reaction. Following the proposed ex situ process, measured ammonia contents were found to be within acceptable limits. Soil strength increased and calcite precipitated in the soil although biocementation by bioaugmentation with the same indigenous bacteria gave higher soil strengths and CaCO3 precipitation than the ammonia-free process. After the presentation of results, further advantages and disadvantages of the respective biocementation methods (ex situ vs. in situ) are then discussed.
A truly circular process for recycling all main raw materials of waste of LCDs screens of smartphones
Authors: Soares Helena , Martelo Liliana , Silva Márcia , Bacelo Hugo , Bastos Margarida
Published: August 2023

A liquid-crystal display (LCD) screen is composed by two transparent glasses coated with indium-tin oxide (ITO) on it and crystal liquids (LCs) sandwiched between them. The current implemented recycling process usually adopts mechanical crushing or pyrolysis as the primary LCDs screens treatment step. However, the toxic (LCs) and valuable recyclable (Indium, In) materials are treated together and the In recovery rate is low. Furthermore, in a circular economy perspective, the recovery of glass and plastics from the LCD screens should be targeted too, to close the loop of the recycling chain.
Here, we propose a hybrid (physical plus chemical steps) method that removes the polymeric film (PF) attached to the ITO glass to recover the highest amount of In and also to recover the plastic fraction and the glass substrate. For that, the cut LCDs pieces were put in a water and ethyl acetate (1:5) mixture in a low-pressure reactor (1 hour at 180 ºC) for detaching the PF, separate it and dissolve the LCs in the solvent. Subsequently, a high In recovery yield (99.0%) was achieved from the ITO glass under microwave-assisted soft acid leaching conditions followed by continuous column ion-exchange technology (IET) to purify In from other metals impurities
Life Cycle Assessment and Cost Benefit Analysis for the integrated assessment of an innovative Mn-TiO2 nanoparticle photocatalytic paint
Authors: Karagkounis ATHANASIOS , Fragkou EVANGELIA , Barmpas FOTIOS , Efthimiou GEORGE , Tsegas GEORGE , Moussiopoulos NICOLAS
Published: August 2023

Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) and Cost Benefit Analysis (CBA) are applied in combination in the frame of an integrated assessment of a new photocatalytic paint product developed within the LIFE VISIONS project. The Mn-TiO2 nanoparticle photocatalytic paint has been demonstrated to efficiently remove NOx and VOCs, thus contributing to improved indoor air quality with substantial related human health benefits. The LCA study was conducted using the openLCA software with the PEF database and its respective PEF Life Cycle Impact Assessment methodology. A cradle-to-grave approach was followed, taking into account all life cycle processes related to the production, application and disposal of the new product, in order to examine the potential environmental benefit compared to conventional paint. The findings of the LCA comparative study are also used as input in the LIFE VISIONS decision support tool. For this purpose, several simulations were performed, considering different building types and energy consumption needs, to evaluate the sustainability advantage of the photocatalytic product under different application conditions. A number of numerical CFD simulations were also deployed to reveal the efficiency of the proposed photocatalytic product in terms of indoor air quality improvement under different scenarios of application. The results are used to evaluate the health benefits for the CBA, on the basis of a DPSIR methodology. Indoor pollutant concentration levels from the CFD simulations were used as input to estimate the dose-response functions for quantifying health impacts. The resulting health impact indicators will be translated into monetary terms during the final stage of the CBA.
Dynamical downscaling of medium- and short-term climate series for assessing climate impacts on a world heritage site
Authors: Antoniou Anna , Tsegas George , Moussiopoulos Nicolas
Published: August 2023

The present work utilizes two non-hydrostatic, mesoscale numerical weather forecast models, namely the Weather Research and Forecasting – Advanced Research WRF (WRF) model and the Mesoscale Model (MEMO), to dynamically downscale climatic series by performing high-resolution atmospheric simulations for the area of Dion in Pieria (Greece). The study area was selected due to the presence of an outdoors world heritage site that is exposed in hazards connected to extreme weather events and climate change. The site is situated in a coastal area and therefore is strongly influenced by wind flows originating from the sea. Local wind circulation can carry sea salt and other suspended particles that inevitably cause damage to the surface of monuments while convective precipitation exacerbates corrosion by enhancing the wet deposition of reactive species. Meteorological factors such as wind, condensation, fog, frost, and solar radiation can also cause fading and deterioration on stone monuments. Climate data used in the frame of the present analysis originated from the EURO-CORDEX initiative with a 3-hourly temporal resolution which were then downscaled from a resolution of approximately 12 km down to a fine grid of 500 m, adequate to resolve local topography-induced flow and thermal phenomena. For assessing the influence of local effects on shorter time scales, selected periods of extreme weather conditions were simulated through short-term hindcasts. This approach aimed to validate and intercompare the performance of the two mesoscale models in simulating local flow and thermal effects at a very high resolution. While both models appear able to capture the local structures directly caused by the overlying synoptic circulation, notable differences are expected in the simulation of thermally-induced flows, including sea- and land-breeze as well as cloud effects under strongly convective conditions.
Evaluating the water quality of stormwater runoffs in urban area
Authors: Yang Fujia , Gato-Trinidad Shirley , Hossain Iqbal
Published: August 2023

This paper presents the results of stormwater quality monitoring from four constructed wetlands located in residential and industrial catchments. Preliminary results revealed that pollutants’ types and concentrations vary depending on the catchments’ characteristics. It is found that the residential catchments often hold higher total phosphorus and suspended solids, while the industrial areas are found with high concentrations of Iron and Strontium. Nonetheless, high metal concentrations are observed in both catchments, raising concerns about the effectiveness of stormwater treatment devices and the current guidelines adopted in the design and construction of these systems. While it is found that all catchments displayed exceptional levels of pollutants that are not safe for the freshwater environment, the pollutant concentrations remained below the average concentrations in the Melbourne area. Less commonly discussed metals such as Barium and Strontium were found in all water samples with concentrations greater than the values discussed in the literature. During the investigation, challenges were faced due to the voluntary nature of the guidelines and the lack of data on trace metals. It is, therefore, recommended that further monitoring is required to confirm the changes in stormwater runoff quality and to assess the appropriateness of the current guidelines for improved management.
Selection of bacterial strains to bioaugment granular sludge and improve the removal of recalcitrant pollutants
Authors: Carlier Jorge , Lara-Moreno Alba , Ngonyani Alois , Martins António , Villagomez Ayleen , Igbodo Benjamin , Cox Cymon , Ismail Fatma , Marín-Beltrán Isabel , Palma Tânia , Costa Maria
Published: August 2023

Several advantages are gained by the use of granular sludge in wastewater treatment plants (WWTP), such as higher biomass retention, faster settling properties, lower energy costs and smaller operational land space. However, relatively few studies have been carried out on the biodegradation of recalcitrant pollutants in these systems, compared to research performed on conventional WWTP with floccular sludge. For instance, bioaugmentation of bacterial strains with metabolic abilities of interest in biological reactors for wastewater treatment has been intensively studied in conventional WWTP systems, but not in systems with granular sludge. In the project “Bioaugmentation and conjugative plasmid transference using bacteria from extreme environments to enhance biodegradation of recalcitrant pollutants in WWTP granular sludge”, funded by the Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology, a group of bacterial strains showing potential capacity to metabolize recalcitrant pollutants (paracetamol, ibuprofen, fluoxetine and polyethylene terephthalate) was isolated and their genomes are being sequenced with the aim of identifying genes putatively involved in the metabolic pathways of interest. In addition, biodegradation experiments are being performed in laboratory-scale granular sludge bioreactors bioaugmented with selected isolates.
Exploring the mitigation potential of tree crops ecosystems in the Mediterranean region
Authors: Latinopoulos D. , Bithas K. , Petridou F. , Spanos I. , Sotiropoulos A. , Haroutounian S. , Roussos P. , Montanaro G. , Evergetis E. , Intrigliolo D.S. , Mimis A. , Sotiropoulou R.E. , Tagaris E.
Published: August 2023

Orchards agro-ecosystems display a significant potential to act a net sink for atmospheric carbon, offering significant land-based mitigation services. This mitigation potential depends greatly on cultivated species and applied cultivation practices. In this context, the study herein aims to explore the potentials arose regarding the removal of CO2 from atmosphere by tree crops and to underline the significance of this type of cultivations in the field of climate change mitigation. For this purpose, the novel methodology (CO2RCA) that was designed and developed in the context of the LIFE ClimaTree project (https://www.lifeclimatree.eu/) and later was further tested and optimized in the context of the Horizon 2020 Shui project (https://www.shui-eu.org/), will be used. This methodology aims at the detailed calculation of the CO2 balance related to the trees of an orchard and the cultivation practices applied. Five typical tree crop species (orange, olive, apple, peach, almond) of southern Europe (Greece, Spain, Italy) are herein examined. The obtained results are capable to support the design of coupled climate and agricultural policies with significant contribution to the circular economy. Thus, our findings can inspire and be involved in future design of eco-schemes and CO2 voluntary markets, in the context of the new Common Agricultural Policy (CAP) contributing to the Circular Economy pillar of the Mediterranean EU countries.
Mathematics for Optimal Design of Sustainable Infrastructures
Authors: Vázquez-Méndez M.E. , Alvarez-Vázquez L.J. , García-Chan N. , Martínez A. , Rodríguez C.
Published: August 2023

The main objective of this work is to show how mathematics, particularly the combination of modelling, numerical simulation and optimization, is a useful tool in the design of sustainable infrastructures. To do it, we clarify what we understand by systems optimization and present three interesting environmental problems (related to sustainable infrastructures) we have studied in the last decade and that fit well in this framework: the design of a river fishway to help migratory fish to climb a dam, the design of an irrigation channel to minimize sedimentation and erosion, and the management of an urban road network with an environmental perspective. Finally, we briefly discuss on some conclusions which can be drawn of this work.
Development and Application of a novel anaerobic/aerobic/anoxic process in municipal wastewater treatment utilizing intracellular carbon sources
Authors: Peng Yongzhen , Gao Xinjie
Published: August 2023

Municipal wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) face a significant challenge in controlling treatment costs while meeting increasingly stringent wastewater discharge standards. To address this challenge, A novel anaerobic/anoxic/aerobic (AOA) process has been proposed. In this study, long-term nutrient removal and microbial community variations were investigated in the AOA systems of different scales, including three laboratory-scale systems, one pilot-scale and one full-scale systems. In the AOA system, nitrogen removal exceeded 50% was carried out in the post-anoxic zone via endogenous denitrification driven by intracellular carbon sources. The synergistic effect of denitrifying bacteria (DNB), anaerobic ammonium oxidation (anammox) bacteria, and fermentative bacteria (FB) enhanced nitrogen removal. Advanced nutrient removal was successfully achieved in the AOA process under different environments and influent quality. Under a low influent carbon-nitrogen ratio, the effluent total nitrogen (TN) concentration was 3.6-8.7 mg/L, with a TN removal efficiency of 71-95%. Total phosphorus (TP) concentration in effluent of 0.2-0.3 mg/L was also achieved. Moreover, compared to the widely used anaerobic/aerobic/anoxic (AAO) process, the AOA process reduced 60% of energy consumption by aeration and recirculation. In conclusion, the AOA process has the potential for practical implementation and provides an economical and efficient nutrient removal process for municipal wastewater treatment.
15-minute Cities: a literature overview exploring international planning strategies
Authors: Plastara Dimitra , Pozoukidou Georgia
Published: August 2023

The 15-minutes city (15mC) concept is a contemporary trend in urban planning which aims to improve the quality of life within the urban areas. The basic underlying idea is that all citizens have equal access to their daily needs within a short walk or bike ride from their houses. The main component that differs the 15mC from other neighborhood-centered approaches is proximity; that is, the proposition of relocating activities and services to the neighborhood level, hence localizing city life. The 15mC is included in international textbooks as a tool for cities to withstand the climate change. This paper provides an overview of the 15mC concept by reviewing the planning strategies of cities worldwide that have adopted this city vision to increase the well-being and the sustainable development. Methodologically, the study focuses on four cities and their strategy on becoming 15mC. The analysis focus on understanding how the 15mC can adjust to different urban environments, depending on their needs. Finally, the paper presents the key attributes of the case-studies and the overall positive impacts resulting from the 15mC concept.
Spatial and temporal variability of Cadmium and Lead in Urban Soils of Thessaloniki (northern Greece).
Authors: GOLIA E. , KOROPOULI A. , Papadimou S. , KANTZOU O. D. , ANDROUDI M. , XAGORARIS C.
Published: August 2023

In this study, an investigation was carried out to record, document and monitoring the pollution caused by heavy metals in soil surface soils in the urban fabric of the city of Thessaloniki. During the years 2021 & 2022, surface soil samples were collected in the spring and autumn of each year. Soil and chemical analyses were conducted to determine the physicochemical properties of soil samples. The available and pseudo-total concentration of cadmium (Cd) and lead (Pb) was determined and the mean values for the two years of the study were calculated. Using Geographical Information Systems (GIS), thematic maps were built in order to study the spatial and temporal distribution of each metal. The statistical tools used should provide useful guidance for pollution surveillance and identification of potential sources of pollution in the study area.
Study Of The Performance Of Ruscus Aculeatus Leaves Alcoholic Extract As Corrosion Inhibitor For Carbon Steel In 1 M HCl Solution
Authors: Farruku Muhamed , Xhanari Klodian , Xhaxhiu Kledi , Lame Alketa
Published: August 2023

The addition of corrosion inhibitors is one of the most widely used methods for the protection of metals and alloys from corrosion in various environments. Although synthetic organic compounds have been found to be highly effective in mitigating corrosion, they are often toxic, non-biodegradable, and rather expensive. Plant extracts are among the environmentally friendly alternatives to replace organic compounds as corrosion inhibitors. This study aims to investigate the corrosion inhibition efficiency of the Ruscus aculeatus leaves (RAL) alcoholic extract for carbon steel immersed in 1 M HCl solution, using weight loss and potentiodynamic polarization measurements. The optimum concentration of RAL alcoholic extract, i.e. 200 mg/L, gave a corrosion inhibition efficiency of 91.09% at
25 ºC. Potentiodynamic polarization measurements showed that the RAL alcoholic extract acts as a mixed-type inhibitor with a predominant influence on the anodic corrosion reaction. The corrosion inhibition efficiency of the RAL alcoholic extract decreased at an acceptable rate with increasing temperature in the 25–55 ºC range.
The innovative method of testing solid fuels as an answer to safe and sustainable supply of raw materials –the example of coking coal parameters
Authors: Dreger Marcin , Piotr Celary , Szymura Karol , Więcek Katarzyna , Kocela-Jagiełko Aneta
Published: August 2023

The metallurgical coal (coking coal) has been defined as the critical raw material (CRM) in the European Union. Using that type of coal in the coking plants allows it to produce high quality steel and steel products in steel mill around the world. Coking the metallurgical coal is a really complex and demanding process. The formation of coke with high strength and appropriate reactivity depends on the composition and coking properties of the mixture. Coke reactivity testing is recognized as the primary measure of coke quality. The most important and reliable indicators are CRI (coke reactivity index) and CSR (coke strength after reactivity). The most expected values are low CRI and high CSR results. To choose a correct and safe mixture of metallurgical coals to coking procedure, an adequate tests need to be done. The CLP-B Laboratory invented and implemented a new tool that allows to calculate the possibility of adverse reaction occurrence in coking chamber based on CRI/CSR and other coals parameters.