bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ХАРАКТЕРИСТИКА ГЕНОТИПІВ-ІНТРОДУЦЕНТІВ БАТАТУ (ІPOMOEA BATATAS L.) ЗА УМОВ ВИРОЩУВАННЯ В ЗОНІ ЛІСОСТЕПУ УКРАЇНИ
Authors: Ivchenko T. V. , Mozgovska A. V. , Bashtan N. A. , Miroshnichenko T. M. , Krutko R. V.
Published: August 2020

Мета досліджень – розроблення ефективних селекційних технологій створення висококонкурентних і цінних сортів батату з високими біохімічними показниками та адаптованих до агрокліматичних умов Лівобережного Лісостепу України. Матеріали й методи досліджень. Польові, лабораторні, статистичні, фенологічні. Дослідження проводились впродовж 2016-2019 рр. у лабораторії генетики, генетичних ресурсів і біотехнології Інституту овочівництва і баштанництва НААН в умовах відкритого ґрунту. Дослідним матеріалом слугували 13 колекційних зразків батату. За рослинами проводили фенологічні спостереження та біометричні виміри згідно з дескриптором. Результати. Викладено сновні наукові підходи селекційної й насінницької роботи з перспективною нішевою культурою бататом. Проаналізовано актуальні напрями селекційної роботи й принципи підбору вихідного матеріалу. В результаті досліджень виділено перспективні генотипи батату для вирощування в умах Східного Лісостепу України, визначено їх господарсько-цінні характеристики. Представлено схему селекційного процесу й насінництва з використанням біотехнологічної ланки на етапі розмноження генотипів батату (Ipomoea batatas L.). Найбільшу урожайність кореневих бульб батату отримано у генотипу десертного призначення D-2 (111.92 т/га), при цьому товарність склала – 87,8 %. Сорт столового призначення V-6 також мав високу урожайність (86,48 т/га), а товарність кореневих бульб була 80,6 %. Отже, розроблена технологія садіння живців батату дозволяє отримувати кореневі бульби з високою урожайністю та товарністю на рівні 90 %. За варіансою специфічної адаптивної здатності (CAЗi), яка більш інформативна, оскільки враховує компенсаційний ефект, кращу стабільність мали V-6 та D-2. Висновки. В умовах Східного Лісостепу України проведено оцінку 13 сортів батату іноземної селекції. Виявили, що генотипи дуже різняться за довжиною вегетаційного періоду, настанням фенофаз, урожайністю. Довели статичними розрахунками, що краще співвідношення середньої врожайності та показника екологічної пластичності відмічено у сортів V-6 (86,48 т/га, bi=1,04) та D-2 (111,92 т/га, bi=1,08). За результатами наукової роботи було отримано заявки на отримання сорту Слобожанський рубін (клоновий відбір із генотипу V-6), номер заявки (№19662003) та сорту Адмірал (клоновий відбір із генотипу D-2), номер заявки (№19662004).
ОЦІНКА ЗБЕРЕЖЕНОСТІ ОВОЧЕВОЇ ПРОДУКЦІЇ ЗА ФУНКЦІЄЮ БАЖАНОСТІ ХАРРІНГТОНА
Authors: Pusik L. M. , Bondarenkо V. А.
Published: August 2020

Мета. Обґрунтування використання функції бажаності Харрінгтона для рекомендації вирощування гібриди капусти броколі та капусти брюссельської з метою подальшого тривалого зберігання. Методи. Загальнонаукові: 1. метод гіпотез – складання схем дослідів; 2. метод експерименту – схеми польових і лабораторних дослідів; 3. метод аналізу та синтезу – формування висновків і узагальнень, розрахунково-аналітичні. Результати. Під час зберігання капусти відбувається втрата маси, зменшення вмісту компонентів хімічного складу (сухих речовин, сухих розчинних речовин і т.д.). Абсолютне зниження показників не дає відповіді на питання щодо бажаності зберігання. Відповідь дає узагальнена функція бажаності Харрінгтона. Згідно з проведеними розрахунками оцінку збереженості головок – рівень добрий – серед гібридів капусти броколі отримав Агассі F1, але за умови зберігання впродовж 30 діб. За більш тривалого зберігання (40 діб) гібриди Бомонт F1 та Айронмен F1 отримали оцінки – відповідно рівень задовільний та рівень поганий. Серед гібридів капусти брюссельської через 70 діб зберігання Брілліант F1 отримав оцінку – рівень добрий, Абакус F1 – рівень задовільний. Для вирощування з метою подальшого тривалого зберігання рекомендуємо гібриди капусти броколі Агассі F1 та Айронмен F1, і капусти брюссельської Брілліант F1. Висновки. Внаслідок проведеного дослідження здійснено обґрунтування використання функції бажаності Харрінгтона для рекомендації вирощування гібридів капусти броколі та капусти брюссельської з метою подальшого тривалого зберігання.
Coaching: Uma breve análise histórica, conceitual e prática do método
Authors: Santos Mauro Ribeiro dos
Published: August 2020

Nos últimos anos o coaching tem se destacado como uma opção atraente para desenvolver competências de pessoas ligadas a ambientes corporativos e de negócios. Também há modalidades de coaching que visam o desenvolvimento pessoal nas mais variadas áreas da vida. O objetivo deste artigo é explorar o coaching, levando em consideração seus conceitos, histórico e ferramentas, destacando sua relevância na formação emocional e prática de pessoas ligadas tanto ao ambiente corporativo como aos demais ambientes onde se julga necessário sua aplicação. Assim, este artigo apresenta, de forma detalhada, os principais tópicos acerca do coaching objetivando desenvolver um processo reflexivo pautado pelo estudo histórico e metodológico, bem como pela análise de ferramentas comumente utilizadas nas sessões de coaching, que por sua vez visam a conscientização do estado atual do coachee, a formatação de um plano de ação e a tomada de decisões com vistas ao alcance das metas pré-estabelecidas. Desta forma, o presente artigo destaca, utilizando-se de considerável referencial teórico, a evolução conceitual e paradigmática do esquema de coaching convencional moderno.
Avaliação da cultura de segurança do paciente no setor de hemodinâmica em um hospital privado de São Luis – MA
Authors: Moraes Inaldo Kley do Nascimento , Oliveira Sara Coelho , Dibai Daniela Bassi , Dias Rosane da Silva
Published: August 2020

Entende-se como segurança do paciente a redução ao mínimo aceitável dos riscos de danos associados ao cuidado de saúde. Esta depende de uma cultura de segurança formado a partir de um serviço qualificado e seguro, que envolva todos os profissionais do hospital, e de constante monitoramento dos fatores determinantes para o cuidado em saúde de qualidade. O objetivo geral do estudo foi avaliar a cultura de segurança do paciente no setor de hemodinâmica em um hospital privado de São Luís. Trata-se de um estudo transversal, descritivo, quantitativo, realizado no setor hemodinâmico do centro de cardiologia do Hospital São Domingos, através do questionário HSOPSC – Hospital Survey on Patiente Safety Culture dividido em 12 dimensões a percepção sobre cada uma deles se descreve pela porcentagem de respostas positivas. Participaram 69 profissionais, destes a maioria 47(68%) eram mulheres, 16(23%) eram de enfermeiros; 30 (43%) trabalhavam no hospital, entre 1 a 5 anos 33 (48%) com carga horária semanal entre 20 a 39 horas. No tocante às dimensões avaliadas a “Expectativas sobre o supervisor/chefe” (79%); “Aprendizado organizacional / melhoria continuada” (90%) ; “Trabalho em equipe dentro da unidade” com (78%) e “apoio da gestão hospitalar” (91%) foram consideradas fortes. Além disso, 52(68%) dos participantes relataram não ter enviado ou preenchido nenhum relatório de evento adverso nos últimos 12 meses. Portanto, a cultura de segurança do paciente do setor tem potencial de melhora em quase todas as dimensões avaliadas.
Collateral score on CT angiography in patients with acute ischemic stroke - A retrospective study
Authors: Raj Mathan , Mukari Shahizon Azura , Wan Zaidi Wan Asyraf , Muda Ahmad Sobri
Published: August 2020

Objective: Clinically assessing the status of cerebral collaterals is thought to provide invaluable diagnostic and prognostic data in managing acute ischemic stroke (AIS) patients. In this study we present a report, based on commonly used collateral grading system, assessing the correlation between the collateral status seen on CT angiography and patients’ functional outcome at Day 90 in our institution.
Method: Patients presenting to the Emergency Department within 6 hours of onset of stroke from January 2010 until December 2014 were chosen for the study. CT angiography source images were retrospectively reviewed and given a “collateral score” (CS) by a radiologist who was blinded to the patient’s clinical information on presentation, as well as the clinical outcomes at 90 days. Patients’ mRS score at 90 days was obtained retrospectively and compared against the “collateral score”.
Results: 87 patients were enrolled into this study, of which 60 (69%) were male and 27 (31%) were female with a mean age of 60.3 years. In this study, 56 (64.4%) patients had a collateral score (CS) > 2 and 31 (35.6%) patients had a CS < 2. Out of 56 patients who had a CS > 2, 51 of them (91%) had good clinical outcome with a mRS < 2. All the patients who had CS < 2 showed poor clinical outcome with a mRS > 2. The collateral score predicts accurately the clinical outcome with an area under the curve (ROC) of 0.75 (95% CI, 0.675-0.871, P=0.001). There is significant Spearman correlation between CS and the clinical outcome at Day 90, in patients with AIS during CTA analysis.
Conclusion: Our data supports the potential use of CS analysis in predicting clinical outcome of patients with AIS. Nevertheless, further study on a larger scale is strongly suggested to verify the reliability and reproducibility of CS assessment in CTA analysis prior to reperfusion in AIS patients.
The Importance of Responsibility in Times of Crisis
Authors: Rendtorff Jacob Dahl
Published: August 2020

In this paper I would like to show the importance of the concept of responsibility as the foundation of ethics in times of crisis in particular in the fields of politics and economics in the modern civilisation marked by globalization and technological progres. I consider the concept of responsibility as the key notion in order to understand the ethical duty in a modern technological civilisation. We can indeed observe a moralization of the concept of responsibility going beyond a strict legal definition in terms of imputability. The paper begins by discussing the humanistic foundations of such a concept of responsibility. It treats the historical origins of responsibility and it relates this concept to the concept of accountability. On the basis of this historical determination of the concept I would like to present the definition of the concept of responsibility as fundamental ethical principle that has increasing importance as the foundation of the principles of governance in modern welfare states. In this context the paper discusses the extension of the concept of responsibility towards institutional or corporate responsibility where responsibility does not only concerns the responsibility of individuals but also deals with the responsibility of institutional collectivities. In this way the paper is based on the following structure : 1) The ethical foundation of the concept of responsibility 2) Responsibility in technological civilisation 3) Political responsibility for good governance in the welfare state 4) Social responsibility of business corporations in times of globalization 5) Conclusion and discussion : changed conditions of responsibility in modern times.
Species Egalitarianism and the Environment
Authors: Tiili Kristin
Published: August 2020

A general anthropocentric view of the human species affects the environment and is a major contributing factor in the environmental crisis we are currently facing. A species egalitarian society would have positive effects on the crisis, and particularly in regards to short term goals of decreasing greenhouse gases in the atmosphere. Additionally it would increase the quality of life and alleviate the suffering of countless beings, nonhuman animals and humans alike.
建筑施工安全管理防范策略分析
Authors: 张 丽丽
Published: August 2020

在建筑工程项目的建造施工的过程中涉及到大量的施工环节，必须经过多种建筑材料、施工技术和机械设备以及大量施工人员的密切配合和协作，才可以确保工程项目施工阶段的多个关键节点的顺利安全的施工。在工程项目的建设和施工的阶段，我们必须高度重视工程项目施工的质量和安全方面的管理工作。可以说工程项目的施工安全管理直接关系到了建筑项目的质量，而且还与建筑施工现场的工作人员的生命和健康安全有关，同时也影响了建筑企业的经济效益和行业内的声誉。因此，必须高度重视和充分保障建筑工程项目施工建设的安全管理。结合工程项目的实际情况使用先进和可靠的安全管理控制的措施和来预防和减少事故的出现。
新型建筑装饰材料在现代建筑中的应用
Authors: 张 丽丽
Published: August 2020

新的建筑材料在现代的建筑工程项目的施工建设当中有着大量的、广泛的应用，其不同于传统的建筑材料，如砖、石灰、水泥等。这些材料包括了大量的新的建筑墙壁的材料和隔热保温的材料，还包括新的、高性能的建筑防水密封材料和装饰涂层材料等等。可以说在生态环保的发展背景下，建筑行业的稳定健康的可持续发展与开发和应用新的建筑材料密不可分。在现代建筑行业的发展阶段，利用新的建筑材料不仅可以有效地改善和提升建筑物的使用功能和环保效益，更重要的是可以增加建筑物的总体质量以及使用的安全，同时还可以提高建筑工程项目的稳定性和耐久性。还可以在工程项目的建造施工期间进一步的提高工程项目建造施工的总体效率，并进一步降低了工程项目的建造施工的总体成本。
建筑电气施工中常见的质量问题及防治的措施
Authors: 郭 强
Published: August 2020

改革开放以后我国的社会经济得到了大幅度的提升，与此同时，建筑行业也是得到了快速的发展。对于工程建设来说，保证建筑的施工质量是非常重要的，这样才能够保证人们的使用需求和使用安全。电气工程是建筑工程非常重要的一项内容，其质量的好坏对于整个建筑都会有很大的影响，要知道人们日常的用电是非常频繁的，所以必须要保证电气工程的质量，使人们能够安全可靠的用电。然而在进行施工的时候建筑电气工程还是经常会出现各种质量问题，如防雷接地、管道网络等，如果这些方面有质量问题的话，那么就会留下安全隐患，在使用的过程中就可能造成安全事故。所以非常有必要加强对电气施工一些质量通病的研究，要掌握相应的防治措施能够有效的进行防范。
建筑材料检测在建筑施工过程中的重要性探讨
Authors: 舒 绍琼
Published: August 2020

就现如今我国发展实际情况来看，正处在现代化发展的重要时期，建筑工程行业在社会经济发展中的作用是非常巨大的，并且其与民众的生活息息相关，所以需要我们给予侧重关注。在社会快速发展的影响下，使得人们的思想意识也发生了明显的变化，人们对建筑工程的要求也在逐渐的提升，并且逐渐的从单纯的关注建筑的实用性过渡到了实用性与美观性并存的观念，而建筑工程材料的质量与整个工程施工质量以及工程后期的使用效果存在直接的关联，所以为了从根本上确保工程施工质量，最为重要的就是需要针对建筑施工材料进行检测工作，确保所有的施工材料的质量和性能都能够满足实际施工的需要。
浅谈实验室工程审计
Authors: 谭 志茹 , 姜 成利
Published: August 2020

介绍实验室工程从开始到结束的全过程工程审计，包括造价方面的审计、施工方面的审计，各种资料的审计，实施过程监控审计等内容。项目的各个阶段都需要根据实际情况进行审核，而不仅仅是在结算阶段。项目实施过程中出现的问题应及时处理，使项目能够顺利进行直至结算，缩短结算周期，避免因无法弥补结算阶段的前期问题而造成的损失。
商业银行金融产品创新的风险管理研究
Authors: 顾 圣媚
Published: August 2020

当前对于金融产品的创新需求是非常大的，在经济社会发展的新阶段通过对金融利益的再分配和交易结构的新变革都出现了很大的变化。做好金融产品的创新是实现金融产品更好的适应中国当前经济社会发展新形势、新阶段的根本保障。结合时代特征创新金融产品是具备较高的优势的，特别是能够更有效地利用所有的金融资源同时也可以为广大投资者带来更高的金融资产的利润。然而，需要注意的是金融风险是金融产品在创新过程中可能会出现的一个比较大的问题和挑战，创新的金融产品在带来高回报率的同时，也一定会出现更高的风险问题。这对于传统的金融机构来说，必须要结合实际情况加强对于金融产品创新的风险管理，这样才可以保障金融机构可以在激烈的行业竞争当中得到良好的、稳定的生存和发展。所以说，较高水平的风险管理是商业银行在进行金融产品的创新过程中必须要高度重视的一个十分复杂的问题。文本系统的梳理和分析了当前商业银行在创新金融产品方面所遇到的各种各样的风险管理的问题。
Adherence of Drug Promotional Literatures Distributed by Pharmaceutical Companies to World Health Organization Ethical Criteria for Medicinal Drug Promotion
Authors: Prasad Pravin , Bajracharya Sangha Ratna , Deo Satish , Lamichhane Samir , Pradhan Pranil Man Singh , Ghimire Rakesh , Pokharel Akritee
Published: August 2020

Background: Drug Promotional Literatures are usually relied upon for drug promotion, however studies have shown them to contain several pitfalls. World Health Organization has time and often revised the guideline to address the issue and World Health Organization Ethical Criteria for Medicinal Drug Promotion was established. Based on this guideline, several regional as well as national guidelines have been formulated. Though laws to regulate drug promotion is existent, studies have shown problems with drug promotional literatures in Nepal also. This study was carried out to analyse the drug promotional literatures distributed by pharmaceutical companies in Nepal as per World Health Organization Ethical Criteria for Medicinal Drug Promotion.Methods: A cross-sectional study over a period of one year was conducted at our department. Pharmaceutical companies registered in Department of Drug Administration, Kathmandu and consenting for the study were requested to provide ten unique drug promotional literatures of their products. Collected drug promotional literatures were analysed for inclusion of essential information as per World Health Organization Ethical Criteria for Medicinal Drug Promotion, level of biasness. Different drug promotional literatures were also classified and compared for these aspects. Results: A total of 48 pharmaceutical companies were included in the study. Drug promotional literatures (n = 372) were analysed during the study. Adherence to criteria concerned with positive attributes of the promoted medicine was found to be higher, most of the drug promotional literatures adhered to 5-8 criteria of World Health Organization Ethical Criteria for Medicinal Drug Promotion and were categorised into grade B. Difference in adherence as well as number of biased drug promotional literatures was also seen when drug promotional literatures were compared on different basis. Conclusions: Adherence to World Health Organization Ethical Criteria for Medicinal Drug Promotion was found to vary when drug promotional literatures were classified as per pharmaceutical company, type of formulation being promoted, type of drug promotional literatures.Keywords: Drug act Nepal 1978; drug promotional literatures; WHO-ethical drug criteria for medicinal drug promotion.
Factors Affecting Enrollment in Government Health Insurance Program in Kailali District
Authors: Paudel Deepak Raj
Published: August 2020

Background: Health care financial burden on households is high in Nepal. High health care expenditure is a major obstacle in achieving universal health coverage. The health insurance is expected to reduce healthcare expenditure. However, only small segments of the population are covered by health insurance in Nepal.This study assessed the factors affecting enrollment in government health insurance program in the first piloted district, Kailali, Nepal.Methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted among 1048 households located in 26 wards of Kailali district after 21 months of the implementation of social health insurance program, Nepal. The sample was selected in two stages, first stage being the selection of wards and second, being the households.Results: The higher level of household economic status was associated with increased odds of enrollment in health insurance program (ORs=4.99, 5.04, 5.13, 8.05, for second, third, fourth, and the highest quintile of households, respectively). A higher level of head’s education was associated with increased odds of health insurance enrollment (ORs = 1.58, 1.78, 2.36, for primary, secondary, tertiary education, respectively). Presence of chronic illness in the household was positively associated with increased odds of health insurance enrollment (OR= 1.29). Conclusions: The poor and low educated groups were less benefited by social health insurance program in Kailali district, Nepal. Hence, policymakers should focus to implement income-based premium scheme for ensuring equal access to healthcare.Since household with chronic illness leads to high odds of being enrolled, a compulsory health insurance scheme can make the program financially sustainable.Keywords: Enrollment; health expenditure; health insurance; inequality; Nepal.
Dual Modification of Starch Via Gamma Irradiation and Subsequent Chemical Treatment with Urea for the Development of Adhesives
Authors: Molina Pamela , Borja Samantha , Valle Vladimir , Mena Lisbeth , Cadena Francisco
Published: August 2020

This research evaluates achira starch modification via gamma radiation, chemical modification and the subsequent adhesives formulation. Native starch was irradiated using a linear accelerator; the mean dose rate used was 19.5 kGy/min at ambient temperature and normal pressure. The chemical modification of irradiated starch consisted of a hydrolysis process, followed by the obtention of carbamates from the hydrolyzed starch with urea, sulphuric acid and ethanol. In order to prepare adhesives; native, modified and dual-modified starches were tested in different proportions with a polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) solution. Fourier Transformed Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) analysis showed all modified starches had a lower intensity in the band between 1100 and 900 cm-1 due to the damage in the glycosidic bonds. Only single modified starches evidenced a characteristic band at 1715 cm-1, which corresponds to the group carbonyl (C=O) of carbamates. The viscosity of native starch adhesives increased with the starch-PVA, unlike, single and dual-modified starch adhesives. The shear bond strength did not change significantly in the adhesives formulated either with starch modified by urea or electron beam irradiation. The combination of hydrolysis with gamma radiation caused strong damage in the starch structure. However, despite the molecular destruction of polysaccharide, the adhesion capacity for non-irradiated starches is similar in all cases.
Simulación de una Estrategia en Implementación de Vehículos Eléctricos en el Transporte Terrestre del Ecuador en el Horizonte 2014 – 2035
Authors: Vargas Carlos , Guamán Jesús , Ríos Alberto , Otorongo Manuel
Published: August 2020

En el Ecuador, el principal consumidor final de energía es el sector transporte. En el año 2014, el consumo de energía alcanzó el 42% del consumo nacional total. El Estado ecuatoriano debe importar un importante volumen de derivados de petróleo para garantizar la demanda total de los combustibles fósiles empleados en el sector transporte. Además, el expendio de combustible fósil está subvencionado, implicando un sustancial gasto de recursos económicos. En el presente artículo, se simula la estrategia de una futura implementación de vehículos eléctricos en el sistema nacional de transporte terrestre. El estudio de prospectiva y planificación energética en el sector transporte se realizó con ayuda del Modelo de Simulación y Análisis de la Matriz Energética – SAME, perteneciente a la Organización Latinoamericana de Energía OLADE. A través de un tablero virtual, se simula en el año 2035 la sustitución de combustibles fósiles: gasolina y diésel por electricidad, minimizando así el volumen de importaciones de los derivados del petróleo. El objetivo del presente trabajo es demostrar la viabilidad técnica de electrificación del sector de transporte y desacoplamiento de los derivados del petróleo. Como resultados de una primera aproximación estratégica en esta sustitución implicaría una reducción de 86.223,0 kbep de diésel del consumo nacional, además, una importante reducción de importaciones de gasolina. De esta manera, al año 2035, sólo se importaría alrededor de 19.650,9 kbep, destinados al consumo de sectores comercial, residencial y construcción.
Microinversor Tipo Flyback con Control Nolineal para Aplicaciones Fotovoltaicas de Baja Potencia
Authors: Rivera Pablo , Sotomayor Nelson
Published: August 2020

En este trabajo se presenta una solución sencilla para el diseño de un controlador de un conversor integrado al panel fotovoltaico basado en un inversor tipo Flyback de baja potencia con control nolineal de la corriente del primario con el propósito de controlar la potencia inyectada a la red eléctrica con factor de potencia unitario. La corriente de referencia es obtenida utilizando el algoritmo de Conductancia Incremental (IC) y en consecuencia obtener la potencia máxima del panel solar ante cualquier cambio de las condiciones atmosféricas. El controlador no-lineal es diseñado para trabajar en el modo de conducción discontinua (DCM) y de esta manera facilitar el diseño si se compara con la complejidad de diseño que presenta este tipo de conversores cuando funciona en el modo de conducción continua (CCM) debido a que la función de transferencia de la corriente del inversor tipo Flyback presenta un cero en el semiplano derecho (RHP). Adicionalmente, se desarrolla el análisis de estabilidad utilizando el método de Lyapunov para demostrar la estabilidad y delimitación de las señales del sistema en lazo cerrado. Los resultados de la simulación validan el funcionamiento y robustez del controlador.
Tindak Tutur Ilokusi Asertif, Direktif, Ekspresif, Komisif, dan Deklaratif pada Program Gelar Wicara Mata Najwa
Authors: Artati Artati , Wardhana Dian Eka Chandra , Basuki Rokhmat
Published: August 2020

The purpose of this research was to describe the assertive, directive, expressive, commissive, and declarative illocutionary speech acts on the December 2018 Mata Najwa talk show program. The research method used is descriptive qualitative method. Data collection techniques using documentation techniques obtained from the Mata Najwa video program December 2018 edition taken using a handphone. Data analysis techniques are done by reducing data, presenting data, interpreting data, and conclusions. Test the validity of the data by validating pragmatic experts and member checks. The type of illocutionary speech acts in the Mata Najwa talk show program mostly use expressive speech acts that contain congratulations, thanks, praise, and criticism. Assertive speech acts aim to say, report, and mention. The directive speech acts contain speech of asking, asking, demanding, suggesting, and opposing. Commissive speech acts contain speech promising, swearing, and threatening. Then, declarative speech acts contain speech deciding, canceling, prohibiting, permitting, and forgiving. From the results of this study, it shows that in making talk show programs it is better to use variations in illocutionary speech acts and the most dominant percentage of their use should use expressive speech acts so that events are more interesting.
Riflessioni
Authors: Canzi Mara
Published: August 2020

(narrative nephrology)
Geographic variation in at-sea movements, habitat use and diving behaviour of female Cape fur seals
Authors: Botha JA , Kirkman SP , Arnould JPY , Lombard AT , Hofmeyr GJG , Meÿer MA , Kotze PGH , Pistorius PA
Published: August 2020

Knowledge of animal foraging behaviour has implications for management and conservation. While Cape fur sealsArctocephalus pusillus pusilluscomprise a major proportion of the southern African marine predator biomass, little is known about their at-sea movements. We investigated foraging distribution, habitat use and diving behaviour for 35 adult female Cape fur seals from 3 breeding colonies experiencing contrasting oceanographic regimes. Animals from Black Rocks, the smallest and eastern-most colony, undertook shorter foraging trips and utilised shallower waters over the shelf. In comparison, animals from the larger west coast colonies, at Kleinsee and False Bay, travelled further and utilised deeper shelf and shelf-slope waters. However, across colonies, females typically preferred depths of <500 m and slopes of <5°. Kleinsee and False Bay seals selected sea surface temperatures within the range typically preferred by pelagic prey species such as round herring, sardine and anchovy (14-19°C). Black Rocks individuals showed bimodal preferences for colder (16°C) and warmer waters (>22°C). Dive behaviour was similar between Kleinsee and False Bay individuals (unavailable from Black Rocks), with both pelagic and benthic foraging evident. Diel patterns were apparent at both sites, as dive depth and benthic diving increased significantly during daylight hours, likely reflecting vertical movements of prey species. We provide the first assessment of Cape fur seal movement behaviour for the South African component of the population. Observed geographic differences likely reflect the availability of suitable habitat but may also indicate differences in foraging strategies and density-dependent effects throughout the range of this species.
Correlation Between Bone Density and Fractal Dimension: A Pilot Study
Authors: Perrotti Vittoria , Iezzi Giovanna , Sanctis Angela De , Pasculli Antonio , Piattelli Adriano , Aprile Giuseppe
Published: August 2020

Fractal analysis is a mathematical method used to describe the internal architecture of complex structures, such as the bone tissue. The aim of this study was to determine whether fractal dimension (FD) is able to distinguish between different bone densities (BD), assessed histomorphometrically, and whether there is a linear dependence between the FD and BD in order to support the use of FD as a supplementary non-invasive method for BD measurement.

Microscopic photographs of bone specimens stained with acid fuchsin and toluidine blue obtained during block biopsies from nine segments of bovine ribs were used. A total of 42 regions of interest (ROI) were cut off from the original photo, converted into a bitmap and binarized. The evaluation of FD was carried out using the box counting method. Comparison of FD values in the four different densities bone sites (D1-D4) was made by means of Kruskal-Wallis test followed by Dunn's multiple comparison test. The linear dependence between the two variables (FD and BD) was investigated calculating the Pearson's r test correlation coefficient, which was considered significant when P < .05. The more the bone was compact, the higher were FD values. A strong positive correlation between BD evaluated by histomorphometry and FD (R : 0:9651), p-value < .00001 was found. The increase in the values of the FD strongly correlated with the increase of the percentage of the bone trabeculae observed in the histological slides.

This pilot study demonstrates that FD might be able to distinguish different densities in bone sites and that there is a linear correlation between BD and FD on histological samples. Future studies will be addressed at evaluating whether this data can be confirmed on a larger samples size and on radiographic images. This will be useful for the early and non-invasive detection of structural changes in the trabecular bone pattern during healing, inflammatory processes and pathologies associated to bone breakdown.
Faster Algorithms for Mining Shortest-Path Distances from Massive Time-Evolving Graphs
Authors: D’Emidio Mattia
Published: August 2020

Computing shortest-path distances is a fundamental primitive in the context of graph data mining, since this kind of information is essential in a broad range of prominent applications, which include social network analysis, data routing, web search optimization, database design and route planning. Standard algorithms for shortest paths (e.g., Dijkstra’s) do not scale well with the graph size, as they take more than a second or huge memory overheads to answer a single query on the distance for large-scale graph datasets. Hence, they are not suited to mine distances from big graphs, which are becoming the norm in most modern application contexts. Therefore, to achieve faster query answering, smarter and more scalable methods have been designed, the most effective of them based on precomputing and querying a compact representation of the transitive closure of the input graph, called the 2-hop-cover labeling. To use such approaches in realistic time-evolving scenarios, when the managed graph undergoes topological modifications over time, specific dynamic algorithms, carefully updating the labeling as the graph evolves, have been introduced. In fact, recomputing from scratch the 2-hop-cover structure every time the graph changes is not an option, as it induces unsustainable time overheads. While the state-of-the-art dynamic algorithm to update a 2-hop-cover labeling against incremental modifications (insertions of arcs/vertices, arc weights decreases) offers very fast update times, the only known solution for decremental modifications (deletions of arcs/vertices, arc weights increases) is still far from being considered practical, as it requires up to tens of seconds of processing per update in several prominent classes of real-world inputs, as experimentation shows. In this paper, we introduce a new dynamic algorithm to update 2-hop-cover labelings against decremental changes. We prove its correctness, formally analyze its worst-case performance, and assess its effectiveness through an experimental evaluation employing both real-world and synthetic inputs. Our results show that it improves, by up to several orders of magnitude, upon average update times of the only existing decremental algorithm, thus representing a step forward towards real-time distance mining in general, massive time-evolving graphs.
Silicon-Mediated Physiological and Agronomic Responses of Maize to Drought Stress Imposed at the Vegetative and Reproductive Stages
Authors: Ning Dongfeng , Qin Anzhen , Liu Zhandong , Duan Aiwang , Xiao Junfu , Zhang Jiyang , Liu Zugui , Zhao Ben , Liu Zhanjun
Published: August 2020

Silicon (Si) enhances maize resistance to drought. While previous studies have mainly focused on the seedling stage, the mediation of drought stress by Si imposed at the vegetative and reproductive stages has been rarely investigated. A soil-column experiment was thus conducted under a rainproof shelter to quantify the effect s of Si application on the physiological and agronomic responses of maize to drought stress imposed at the 6-leaf (D-V6), 12-leaf (D-V12), and blister (D-R2) stages. The observed parameters included plant growth, photosynthesis, osmolytes, antioxidant activity, and grain yield. The results showed that drought stress strongly decreased the leaf area, leaf water content, photosynthetic rate, chlorophyll content, and antioxidant activity (superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD), and catalase (CAT)) and markedly increased lipid peroxidation. D-V6, D-V12, and D-R2 decreased grain yields by 12.9%, 28.9%, and 44.8%, respectively, compared to the well-watered treatment (CK). However, Si application markedly increased leaf area, chlorophyll content, photosynthetic rate, osmolyte content, and enzymatic antioxidant activities (SOD, POD, and CAT), and decreased malondialdehyde (MDA) and superoxide radical accumulation, ultimately improving maize yields by 12.4%, 69.8%, and 80.8%, respectively, compared to the non-Si treated plants under drought stress at the V6, V12, and R2 stages. Furthermore, maize yields had a significant positive correlation with chlorophyll content and SOD and POD activity during the three stages. Our findings suggest that Si-induced changes in chlorophyll content and antioxidant activity might constitute important mechanisms for mitigating drought stress. In conclusion, this study provides physico-biochemical evidence for the beneficial role of Si in alleviating drought-induced yield reduction in maize, particularly during the late vegetative or early reproductive stages. Thus, Si application constitutes an effective approach for improving maize yield in rain-fed agricultural systems.
Assessing Soil Organic Carbon in Soils to Enhance and Track Future Carbon Stocks
Authors: Yang Yun-Ya , Goldsmith Avi , Herold Ilana , Lecha Sebastian , Toor Gurpal S.
Published: August 2020

Soils represent the largest terrestrial sink of carbon (C) on Earth, yet the quantification of the amount of soil organic carbon (SOC) is challenging due to the spatial variability inherent in agricultural soils. Our objective was to use a grid sampling approach to assess the magnitude of SOC variability and determine the current SOC stocks in three typical agricultural fields in Maryland, United States. A selected area in each field (4000 m2) was divided into eight grids (20 m × 25 m) for soil sample collection at three fixed depth intervals (0–20 cm, 20–40 cm, and 40–60 cm). Soil pH in all fields was significantly (p < 0.05) greater in the surface soil layer (6.2–6.4) than lower soil layers (4.7–5.9). The mean SOC stocks in the surface layers (0–20 cm: 1.7–2.5 kg/m2) were 47% to 53% of the total SOC stocks at 0–60 cm depth, and were significantly greater than sub-surface layers (20–40 cm: 0.9–1.3 kg/m2; 40–60 cm: 0.8–0.9 kg/m2). Carbon to nitrogen (C/N) ratio and stable C isotopic composition (δ13C) were used to understand the characteristics of SOC in three fields. The C/N ratio was positively corelated (r > 0.96) with SOC stocks, which were lower in sub-surface than surface layers. Differences in C/N ratios and δ13C signatures were observed among the three fields. The calculated values of SOC stocks at 0–60 cm depth ranged from 37 to 47 Mg/ha and were not significantly different in three fields likely due to the similar parent material, soil types, climate, and a short history of changes in management practices. A small variability (~10% coefficient of variation) in SOC stocks across eight sampling grids in each field suggests that re-sampling these grids in the future can lead to accurately determining and tracking changes in SOC stocks.
Recent Advances in the Biosynthesis of Carbazoles Produced by Actinomycetes
Authors: Kobayashi Masaya , Kuzuyama Tomohisa
Published: August 2020

Structurally diverse carbazole alkaloids are valuable due to their pharmaceutical properties and have been isolated from nature. Experimental knowledge on carbazole biosynthesis is limited. The latest development of in silico analysis of the biosynthetic gene clusters for bacterial carbazoles has allowed studies on the biosynthesis of a carbazole skeleton, which was established by sequential enzyme-coupling reactions associated with an unprecedented carbazole synthase, a thiamine-dependent enzyme, and a ketosynthase-like enzyme. This review describes the carbazole biosynthetic mechanism, which includes a key step in enzymatic formation of a tricyclic carbazole skeleton, followed by modifications such as prenylation and hydroxylation in the skeleton.
The Role of RNA and DNA Aptamers in Glioblastoma Diagnosis and Therapy: A Systematic Review of the Literature
Authors: Nuzzo Silvia , Brancato Valentina , Affinito Alessandra , Salvatore Marco , Cavaliere Carlo , Condorelli Gerolama
Published: August 2020

Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most lethal primary brain tumor of the central nervous system in adults. Despite advances in surgical and medical neuro-oncology, the median survival is about 15 months. For this reason, initial diagnosis, prognosis, and targeted therapy of GBM represent very attractive areas of study. Aptamers are short three-dimensional structures of single-stranded nucleic acids (RNA or DNA), identified by an in vitro process, named systematic evolution of ligands by exponential enrichment (SELEX), starting from a partially random oligonucleotide library. They bind to a molecular target with high affinity and specificity and can be easily modified to optimize binding affinity and selectivity. Thanks to their properties (low immunogenicity and toxicity, long stability, and low production variability), a large number of aptamers have been selected against GBM biomarkers and provide specific imaging agents and therapeutics to improve the diagnosis and treatment of GBM. However, the use of aptamers in GBM diagnosis and treatment still represents an underdeveloped topic, mainly due to limited literature in the research world. On these bases, we performed a systematic review aimed at summarizing current knowledge on the new promising DNA and RNA aptamer-based molecules for GBM diagnosis and treatment. Thirty-eight studies from 2000 were included and investigated. Seventeen involved the use of aptamers for GBM diagnosis and 21 for GBM therapy. Our findings showed that a number of DNA and RNA aptamers are promising diagnostic and therapeutic tools for GBM management.
Immunoradiotherapy as an Effective Therapeutic Strategy in Lung Cancer: From Palliative Care to Curative Intent
Authors: Chicas-Sett Rodolfo , Zafra-Martin Juan , Morales-Orue Ignacio , Castilla-Martinez Juan , Berenguer-Frances Miguel A. , Gonzalez-Rodriguez Elisa , Rodriguez-Abreu Delvys , Couñago Felipe
Published: August 2020

Lung cancer is one of the main causes of cancer-related mortality worldwide. Over the years, different therapeutic modalities have been adopted depending on tumor stage and patient characteristics, such as surgery, radiotherapy (RT), and chemotherapy. Recently, with the development of immune-checkpoint inhibitors (ICI), the treatment of metastatic and locally advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) has experienced a revolution that has resulted in a significant improvement in overall survival with an enhanced toxicity profile. Despite this paradigm shift, most patients present some kind of resistance to ICI. In this setting, current research is shifting towards the integration of multiple therapies, with RT and ICI being one of the most promising based on the potential immunostimulatory synergy of this combination. This review gives an overview of the evolution and current state of the combination of RT and ICI and provides evidence-based data that can improve patient selection. The combination in lung cancer is a safe therapeutic approach that improves local control and progression-free survival, and it has the potential to unleash abscopal responses. Additionally, this treatment strategy seems to be able to re-sensitize select patients that have reached a state of resistance to ICI, further enabling the continuation of systemic therapy.
YB-1 Mediates TNF-Induced Pro-Survival Signaling by Regulating NF-κB Activation
Authors: Shah Aneri , Plaza-Sirvent Carlos , Weinert Sönke , Buchbinder Jörn H. , Lavrik Inna N. , Mertens Peter R. , Schmitz Ingo , Lindquist Jonathan A.
Published: August 2020

Cell fate decisions regulating survival and death are essential for maintaining tissue homeostasis; dysregulation thereof can lead to tumor development. In some cases, survival and death are triggered by the same receptor, e.g., tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-receptor 1 (TNFR1). We identified a prominent role for the cold shock Y-box binding protein-1 (YB-1) in the TNF-induced activation and nuclear translocation of nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB) p65. In the absence of YB-1, the expression of TNF receptor-associated factor 2 (TRAF2), a central component of the TNF receptor signaling complex required for NF-κB activation, is significantly reduced. Therefore, we hypothesized that the loss of YB-1 results in a destabilization of TRAF2. Consistent with this hypothesis, we observed that YB-1-deficient cells were more prone to TNF-induced apoptotic cell death. We observed enhanced effector caspase-3 activation and could successfully rescue the cells using the pan-caspase inhibitor zVAD-fmk, but not necrostatin-1. Taken together, our results indicate that YB-1 plays a central role in promoting cell survival through NF-κB activation and identifies a novel mechanism by which enhanced YB-1 expression may contribute to tumor development.
New Fast ApEn and SampEn Entropy Algorithms Implementation and Their Application to Supercomputer Power Consumption
Authors: Tomčala Jiří
Published: August 2020

Approximate Entropy and especially Sample Entropy are recently frequently used algorithms for calculating the measure of complexity of a time series. A lesser known fact is that there are also accelerated modifications of these two algorithms, namely Fast Approximate Entropy and Fast Sample Entropy. All these algorithms are effectively implemented in the R software package TSEntropies. This paper contains not only an explanation of all these algorithms, but also the principle of their acceleration. Furthermore, the paper contains a description of the functions of this software package and their parameters, as well as simple examples of using this software package to calculate these measures of complexity of an artificial time series and the time series of a complex real-world system represented by the course of supercomputer infrastructure power consumption. These time series were also used to test the speed of this package and to compare its speed with another R package pracma. The results show that TSEntropies is up to 100 times faster than pracma and another important result is that the computational times of the new Fast Approximate Entropy and Fast Sample Entropy algorithms are up to 500 times lower than the computational times of their original versions. At the very end of this paper, the possible use of this software package TSEntropies is proposed.
Deep Learning Based Biomedical Literature Classification Using Criteria of Scientific Rigor
Authors: Afzal Muhammad , Park Beom Joo , Hussain Maqbool , Lee Sungyoung
Published: August 2020

A major blockade to support the evidence-based clinical decision-making is accurately and efficiently recognizing appropriate and scientifically rigorous studies in the biomedical literature. We trained a multi-layer perceptron (MLP) model on a dataset with two textual features, title and abstract. The dataset consisting of 7958 PubMed citations classified in two classes: scientific rigor and non-rigor, is used to train the proposed model. We compare our model with other promising machine learning models such as Support Vector Machine (SVM), Decision Tree, Random Forest, and Gradient Boosted Tree (GBT) approaches. Based on the higher cumulative score, deep learning was chosen and was tested on test datasets obtained by running a set of domain-specific queries. On the training dataset, the proposed deep learning model obtained significantly higher accuracy and AUC of 97.3% and 0.993, respectively, than the competitors, but was slightly lower in the recall of 95.1% as compared to GBT. The trained model sustained the performance of testing datasets. Unlike previous approaches, the proposed model does not require a human expert to create fresh annotated data; instead, we used studies cited in Cochrane reviews as a surrogate for quality studies in a clinical topic. We learn that deep learning methods are beneficial to use for biomedical literature classification. Not only do such methods minimize the workload in feature engineering, but they also show better performance on large and noisy data.
Design of an Enhanced Web Archiving System for Preserving Content Integrity with Blockchain
Authors: Hwang Hyun Cheon , Shon Jin Gon , Park Ji Su
Published: August 2020

A Web archive system is a traditional subject for preserving web content for the future and the importance is getting more significant due to the explosive growth of web content. The reference model for an open archival information system (OAIS) has been advising guidance for a long-term archiving system and most organizations that archive web content follow this guidance. In addition, the web archive (WARC) ISO standard is for web content archiving. However, there is no way to secure content integrity, and it is hard to identify the original. Because of limitations, a web archive system has a weakness against the dispute of content integrity. In this paper, we proposed the blockchain linked (BCLinked) web archiving system, which uses blockchain technology and an extended WARC field to keep a web content integrity metadata into a blockchain. Furthermore, we designed the BCLinked web archiving system, and we confirmed the proposed system secures content integrity through the experiment.
Non-Polar Wurtzite (1120) GaN/AlN Quantum Dots for Highly Efficient Opto-Electronic Devices
Authors: Park Seoung-Hwan , Ahn Doyeol
Published: August 2020

In III-nitride quantum dots (QDs), optical transition rate is very low because of the large built-in electrostatic field caused by the spontaneous polarization (SP) and piezoelectric (PZ) effects. In this work, we study the screening potential which is a solution of the self-consistent Hartree equation taking into account the built-in electrostatic field and its effect on light emission characteristics of non-polar wurtzite (WZ) (112¯0) GaN/AlN QD. It is found that the light emission intensity of the non-polar (112¯0) GaN/AlN QD structure is expected to be about four times larger than that of the c-plane (0001) GaN/AlN QD structure because the y-polarized matrix elements in the non-polar QD are larger than that in the c-plane QD. These predictions indicate that non-polar GaN/AlN QD structure have strong potential for highly efficient opto-electronic devices.
Co-Ensiling of Wheat Straw as an Alternative Pre-Treatment to Chemical, Hydrothermal and Mechanical Methods for Methane Production
Authors: Sieborg Mads Ujarak , Jønson Brian Dahl , Larsen Søren Ugilt , Vazifehkhoran Ali Heidarzadeh , Triolo Jin Mi
Published: August 2020

Wheat straw without pre-treatment is only converted to methane to a low degree during anaerobic digestion for fuel production due to its low hydrolysis. Current pre-treatment technologies are challenged by high expenses to energy or chemical agents. We examined the low-tech co-ensiling pre-treatment as an alternative pre-treatment of wheat straw, and compared the results with hydrothermal, chemical and mechanical pre-treatment methods. The effects of co-ensiling duration and the mixing ratio between straw and sugar beet root on the methane yields, surface morphology and chemical composition were examined. It was found that co-ensiling could improve production of methane by 34.7%, while a combined hydrothermal and chemical pre-treatment could increase the production of methane by 25.4%. The study demonstrated that the effect of co-ensiling could overlap with hydrothermal and chemical pre-treatment by having similar effects to increase lignocellulosic hydrolysis and improve methane production.