bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The relationships among L2 fluency, intelligibility, comprehensibility, and accentedness
Authors: Chau Tuc , Huensch Amanda
Published: February 2025

Fluency, intelligibility, comprehensibility, and accentedness are important dimensions of second language (L2) pronunciation proficiency representing global, listener-based intuitions. This study meta-analyzed 49 reports from 1995 to 2023, examining 141 effect sizes (Pearson r) to understand their relationships and possible moderators. Three-level meta-analysis models showed weighted mean correlations of .82, .75, .62, .57, and .32 for fluency/comprehensibility, comprehensibility/accentedness, fluency/accentedness, intelligibility/comprehensibility, and intelligibility/accentedness, respectively. Task types moderated correlations for fluency/accentedness, intelligibility/comprehensibility, and intelligibility/accentedness, with controlled tasks leading to higher correlations. Ratings of multiple dimensions by the same listeners tended to result in weaker correlations for fluency/comprehensibility and comprehensibility/accentedness. The findings imply that having an accent does not mean being unintelligible and support prioritizing intelligible and comprehensible speech over accent reduction. The study also highlights an over-reliance on first language speaker norms in L2 pronunciation research and advocates for more transparent reporting.
Adapting the Flexible Farrington Algorithm for daily situational awareness and alert system to support public health decision-making during the SARS-CoV-2 epidemic in England
Authors: Simms Ian , Charlett André , Colón-González Felipe J , Blomquist Paula B. , Lake Iain R. , Zaidi Asad , Shadwell Stephanie , Sedgwick James , Paranthaman Karthik , Vivancos Roberto
Published: February 2025

The Flexible Farrington Algorithm (FFA) is widely used to detect infectious disease outbreaks at national/regional levels on a weekly basis. The rapid spread of SARS-CoV-2 alongside the speed at which diagnostic and public health interventions were introduced made the FFA of limited use. We describe how the methodology was adapted to provide a daily alert system to support local health protection teams (HPTs) working in the 316 English lower-tier local authorities. To minimize the impact of a rapidly changing epidemiological situation, the FFA was altered to use 8 weeks of data. The adapted algorithm was based on reported positive counts using total tests as an offset. Performance was assessed using the root mean square error (RMSE) over a period. Graphical reports were sent to local teams enabling targeted public health action. From 1 July 2020, results were routinely reported. Adaptions accommodated the impact on reporting because of changes in diagnostic strategy (introduction of lateral flow devices). RMSE values were relatively small compared to observed counts, increased during periods of increased reporting, and were relatively higher in the northern and western areas of the country. The exceedance reports were well received. This presentation should be considered as a successful proof-of-concept.
Why We Should Be Experientialists about Suffering
Authors: Brady Michael S.
Published: February 2025

Increased interest in suffering has given rise to different accounts of what suffering is. This paper focuses the debate between experientialists and non-experientialists about suffering. The former hold that suffering is necessarily experiential—for instance, because it is necessarily unpleasant or painful; the latter deny this—for instance, because one can suffer when and because one’s objective properties are damaged, even if one does not experience this. After surveying how the two accounts fare on a range of issues, the paper presents a decisive argument in favor of experientialism. The central claim is that non-experientialist accounts cannot accommodate cases of suffering that are virtuous and that directly contribute to some objective good.
‘Why don’t you…’: R.J. Morris and the European Association for Urban History
Authors: Ewen Shane
Published: February 2025

Bob Morris was elected as president of the European Association for Urban History (EAUH) ahead of its 2002 conference in Edinburgh. Bob’s presidency, and the Edinburgh conference specifically, took place at an important point in the development of urban history within Europe and further afield. First, the programme reveals several emerging themes and topics of interest that have since shaped the sub-field in new and innovative ways. Second, Bob’s informal and collegial approach towards networking is reflected in the decision to place the EAUH on a quasi-formal constitutional basis. Both of these developments reflect, in part, Bob’s own research interests, as well as the sub-field’s welcoming approach to younger researchers, including taught and research postgraduate students, interested in networking with more established scholars.
Caringkompetenz
Authors: Best Lukas Elias
Published: February 2025

Zusammenfassung: Angesichts der strukturellen Rahmenbedingungen von Pflege besteht für Pflegelernende die Herausforderung, neben Nursing-Practices auch Caring-Practices als zentrale berufliche Aufgabe zu begreifen. Wenn diese Praxen der Fürsorge und Achtsamkeit nur schwer als eine solche erkennbar sind, so ist umso bedeutsamer, diese als eine zentrale Kompetenz Pflegender im Kontext der Ausbildung sichtbar zu machen.
Collection and In Situ Analyses of Regolith Samples by the Mars 2020 Rover: Implications for Their Formation and Alteration History
Authors: Hausrath E. M. , Sullivan R. , Goreva Y. , Zorzano M. P. , Vaughan A. , Cousin A. , Siljeström S. , Sharma S. , Shumway A. O. , Kizovski T. , VanBommel S. J. , Tice M. , Knight A. , Martinez G. , Vicente‐Retortillo A. , Mandon L. , Adcock C. T. , Madariaga J. M. , Población I. , Johnson J. R. , Lasue J. , Gasnault O. , Randazzo N. , Cardarelli E. L. , Kronyak R. , Bechtold A. , Paar G. , Udry A. , Forni O. , Bedford C. C. , Carman N. A. , Bell J. F. , Benison K. , Bosak T. , Brown A. , Broz A. , Calef F. , Clark B. C. , Cloutis E. , Czaja A. D. , Fornaro T. , Fouchet T. , Golombek M. , Gómez F. , Herd C. D. K. , Herkenhoff K. , Jakubek R. S. , Jandura L. , Martinez‐Frias J. , Mayhew L. E. , Meslin P.‐Y. , Newman C. E. , Núñez J. I. , Poulet F. , Royer C. , Russell P. , Sephton M. A. , Sharma S. K. , Shuster D. , Simon J. I. , Tirona I. , Wiens R. C. , Weiss B. P. , Williams A. J. , Williford K. , Wolf Z. U. ,   the Regolith Working Group
Published: February 2025

The Perseverance rover has sampled mm‐size lithic fragments containing olivine likely from at least two source regions from the surface of an inactive megaripple surface, and fine‐grained material from the surface and to a depth of ∼4–6 cm. Some of the mm‐size grains lack a coherent diffraction pattern measured by PIXL, consistent with the presence of poorly ordered secondary phases that have been altered. Analysis of these materials on Earth will allow examination of materials that have experienced aqueous, potentially habitable environments that could contain biosignatures. Fluorescence of three different patterns was detected, consistent with inorganic emissions from silica defects or rare earth elements in certain mineral phases, although organic origin cannot be excluded. Analysis of Autofocus Context Imager and Wide Angle Topographic Sensor for Operations and eNgineering images of the subsurface material and MEDA thermal inertia measurements indicate average grain sizes of ∼125 and ∼150 μm, respectively, for the bulk material within the megaripple. The fine‐grained material in the sampling location indicates chemical compositions similar to previously proposed global components as well as airfall dust. In situ and associated atmospheric measurements provide evidence of recent processes likely including water vapor in soil crust formation. The sampled material will therefore help elucidate the formation of Martian soils; current surface‐atmosphere interactions; the composition, shape, and size distribution of dust grains valuable for studies of past and present Martian climate and for assessing potential health and other risks to human missions; and ancient, aqueously altered environments that could have been habitable, and, if Mars contained life, possibly contain biosignatures.
Mars' Hemispheric Magnetic Field From a Full‐Sphere Dynamo
Authors: Yan C. , Barik A. , Stanley S. , Mittelholz A. , Plesa A.‐C. , Johnson C.‐L.
Published: February 2025

Seismic measurements from the NASA Mars InSight mission revealed that Mars' core has a relatively low density, implying a larger fraction of lighter elements than previously thought, which further leads to a low melting temperature. Thus, Mars probably never developed a solid inner core during its early history when the dynamo was active. We perform full‐sphere dynamo simulations to eliminate the influence of an inner core on dynamo behaviors and investigate how various magnitudes of heat flux perturbations at the core‐mantle boundary affect the field morphology, comparing results to those from models with small inner cores. We find that a hemispheric magnetic field can result when the heat flux is concentrated in one hemisphere. Moreover, a dynamo model without the presence of an inner core can better explain Mars' crustal magnetic field dichotomy than that in a spherical shell surrounding a solid inner core.
Enhancing Deep Learning Ionospheric Modeling With Solar Radiation and Flare Classes
Authors: Lin Yang , Fang Hanxian , Duan Die , Huang Hongtao , Xiao Chao , Ren Ganming , Li Chenhao , Zhou Chuyue
Published: February 2025

The ionosphere is pivotal for satellite navigation, radio communication, and the modeling of space weather. However, the accurate three‐dimensional modeling of ionospheric features remains a challenge. Since solar activity introduces changes in space weather, we collected COSMIC radio occultation observations of 2010–2020 with a suite of indices related to solar and geomagnetic activities, especially including solar EUV and X‐ray radiation fluxes, to develop a deep learning model for the global ionospheric electron density. This model, which is called the Solar Flare and Radiation Neural Network (SFRNN) and is based on Embedding, Long Short‐Term Memory and fully connected layers, presented excellent performance in reconstructing ionospheric profiles. In this study, 28‐min was found to be the best input solar radiation interval for SFRNN with annual RMSEs of 6.24 × 104 to 1.56 × 105 el/cm3. Significantly, during solar flare events, SFRNN had a lower reconstruction error than the former artificial neural network (ANN) model that only uses space weather indices. The most substantial improvement was observed under X‐class flares, where SFRNN exhibited a 18.3% lower Root Mean Squared Error than ANN. To further validate the modeling accuracy, electron density profiles derived from Jicamarca incoherent scatter radar (ISR) were used. SFRNN successfully provided profiles with high consistency with the ISR observation in the ionospheric layers. Our modeling results demonstrate that refined solar activity parameters can effectively improve reconstruction performance.
Impacts of Bioenergy Crop Cultivation on Regional Climate, Hydrology, and Water Quality in the U.S. Northern High Plains
Authors: Dangol Sijal , Zhang Xuesong , Sun Chao , Liang Kang , Liang Xin‐Zhong
Published: February 2025

The cultivation of bioenergy feedstocks, such as miscanthus, or energycane, on marginal lands helps alleviate the competition between food and fuel. However, such land use conversion could lead to complex interactions among climate, vegetation, and water resources, resulting in positive or negative environmental impacts. In this study, we used the Climate‐Weather Research and Forecasting (CWRF) model to simulate the feedback from growing bioenergy crops on marginal lands to regional climate for the present and future scenarios and used the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) to evaluate the climate and land use change impacts on the hydrological cycle and water quality in the U.S. Northern High Plains Aquifer region. CWRF projects a wetter and cooler regional climate by considering climate‐crop feedback as compared to a control scenario (no land use change and climate feedback), highlighting the importance of land‐atmosphere interactions in regional climate assessment. Our watershed‐scale assessment shows that although growing miscanthus increases local evapotranspiration and decreases surface runoff, soil moisture, and percolation on marginal lands, watershed‐scale streamflow substantially increases during the growing season in both present and future conditions due to increases in regional precipitation. The differences in the extent of marginal land use change between the Platte (4%) and Republican (20%) river basins result in different responses in streamflow and nitrogen loading. Overall, our study highlights the importance of assessing the regional climate‐crop feedback and environmental quality impacts of using marginal lands for future sustainable bioenergy production.
The emerging roles of aberrant alternative splicing in glioma
Authors: Ben Mrid Reda , El Guendouzi Sara , Mineo Marco , El Fatimy Rachid
Published: February 2025

Gliomas represent a heterogeneous group of uniformly fatal brain tumors. Low and high-grade gliomas have diverse molecular signatures. Despite successful advances in understanding glioma, several genetic, epigenetic, and post-transcriptional alterations leave various targeted therapies ineffective, leading to a poor prognosis for high-grade glioma. Recent advances have revealed the implication of dysregulated alternative splicing (AS) events in glioma development. AS is a process that produces, from a single genomic sequence, several mature messenger RNAs. Splicing of pre-messenger RNAs concerns at least 95% of transcripts and constitutes an important mechanism in gene expression regulation. Dysregulation of this process, through variations in spliceosome components, aberrant splicing factors and RNA-binding protein activity, disproportionate regulation of non-coding RNAs, and abnormal mRNA methylation, can contribute to the disruption of AS. Such disruptions are usually associated with the development of several cancers, including glioma. Consequently, AS constitutes a key regulatory mechanism that could serve as a target for future therapies. In this review, we explore how AS events, spliceosome components, and their regulatory mechanisms play a critical role in glioma development, highlighting their potential as targets for innovative therapeutic strategies against this challenging cancer.
Probing spectral features of quantum many-body systems with quantum simulators
Authors: Sun Jinzhao , Vilchez-Estevez Lucia , Vedral Vlatko , Boothroyd Andrew T. , Kim M. S.
Published: February 2025

The efficient probing of spectral features is important for characterising and understanding the structure and dynamics of quantum materials. In this work, we establish a framework for probing the excitation spectrum of quantum many-body systems with quantum simulators. Our approach effectively realises a spectral detector by processing the dynamics of observables with time intervals drawn from a defined probability distribution, which only requires native time evolution governed by the Hamiltonian without ancilla. The critical element of our method is the engineered emergence of frequency resonance such that the excitation spectrum can be probed. We show that the time complexity for transition energy estimation has a logarithmic dependence on simulation accuracy and how such observation can be guaranteed in certain many-body systems. We discuss the noise robustness of our spectroscopic method and show that the total running time maintains polynomial dependence on accuracy in the presence of device noise. We further numerically test the error dependence and the scalability of our method for lattice models. We present simulation results for the spectral features of typical quantum systems, either gapped or gapless, including quantum spins, fermions and bosons. We demonstrate how excitation spectra of spin-lattice models can be probed experimentally with IBM quantum devices.
Marine species and assemblage change foreshadowed by their thermal bias over Early Jurassic warming
Authors: Reddin Carl J. , Landwehrs Jan P. , Mathes Gregor H. , Ullmann Clemens V. , Feulner Georg , Aberhan Martin
Published: February 2025

A mismatch of species’ thermal preferences to their environment may indicate how they will respond to future climate change. Averaging this mismatch across species may forewarn that some assemblages will undergo greater reorganization, extirpation, and possibly extinction, than others. Here, we examine how regional warming determines species occupancy and assemblage composition of marine bivalves, brachiopods, and gastropods over one-million-year time steps during the Early Jurassic. Thermal bias, the difference between modelled regional temperatures and species’ long-term thermal optima, predicts a gradient of species occupancy response to warming. Species that become extirpated or extinct tend to have cooler temperature preferences than immigrating species, while regionally persisting species fell midway. Larger regional changes in summer seawater temperatures (up to +10 °C) strengthen the relationship between species thermal bias and the response gradient, which is also stronger for brachiopods than for bivalves, while the relationship collapses during severe seawater deoxygenation. At +3 °C regional seawater warming, around 5 % of pre-existing benthic species in a regional assemblage are extirpated, and immigrating species comprise around one-fourth of the new assemblage. Our results validate thermal bias as an indicator of immigration, persistence, extirpation, and extinction of marine benthic species and assemblages under modern-like magnitudes of climate change.
Different honesty conceptions align across US politicians' tweets and public replies
Authors: Carrella Fabio , Aroyehun Segun T. , Lasser Jana , Simchon Almog , Garcia David , Lewandowsky Stephan
Published: February 2025

Recent evidence shows that US politicians’ conception of honesty has undergone a bifurcation, with authentic but evidence-free “belief-speaking” becoming more prominent and differentiated from evidence-based “fact-speaking”. Here we examine the downstream consequences of those two ways of conceiving honesty by investigating user engagement with fact-speaking and belief-speaking texts by members of the US Congress on Twitter (now X). We measure the conceptions of honesty of a sample of tweets and replies using computational text processing, and check whether the conceptions of honesty in the tweets align with those in their replies. We find that the conceptions of honesty used in replies align with those of the tweets, suggesting a “contagion”. Notably, this contagion replicates under controlled experimental conditions. Our study highlights the crucial role of political leaders in setting the tone of the conversation on social media.
Demand-side strategies enable rapid and deep cuts in buildings and transport emissions to 2050
Authors: van Heerden Rik , Edelenbosch Oreane Y. , Daioglou Vassilis , Le Gallic Thomas , Baptista Luiz Bernardo , Di Bella Alice , Colelli Francesco Pietro , Emmerling Johannes , Fragkos Panagiotis , Hasse Robin , Hoppe Johanna , Kishimoto Paul , Leblanc Florian , Lefèvre Julien , Luderer Gunnar , Marangoni Giacomo , Mastrucci Alessio , Pettifor Hazel , Pietzcker Robert , Rochedo Pedro , van Ruijven Bas , Schaeffer Roberto , Wilson Charlie , Yeh Sonia , Zisarou Eleftheria , van Vuuren Detlef
Published: February 2025

Decarbonization of energy-using sectors is essential for tackling climate change. We use an ensemble of global integrated assessment models to assess CO2 emissions reduction potentials in buildings and transport, accounting for system interactions. We focus on three intervention strategies with distinct emphases: reducing or changing activity, improving technological efficiency and electrifying energy end use. We find that these strategies can reduce emissions by 51–85% in buildings and 37–91% in transport by 2050 relative to a current policies scenario (ranges indicate model variability). Electrification has the largest potential for direct emissions reductions in both sectors. Interactions between the policies and measures that comprise the three strategies have a modest overall effect on mitigation potentials. However, combining different strategies is strongly beneficial from an energy system perspective as lower electricity demand reduces the need for costly supply-side investments and infrastructure.
Differential protection against SARS-CoV-2 reinfection pre- and post-Omicron
Authors: Chemaitelly Hiam , Ayoub Houssein H. , Coyle Peter , Tang Patrick , Hasan Mohammad R. , Yassine Hadi M. , Al Thani Asmaa A. , Al-Kanaani Zaina , Al-Kuwari Einas , Jeremijenko Andrew , Kaleeckal Anvar Hassan , Latif Ali Nizar , Shaik Riyazuddin Mohammad , Abdul-Rahim Hanan F. , Nasrallah Gheyath K. , Al-Kuwari Mohamed Ghaith , Butt Adeel A. , Al-Romaihi Hamad Eid , Al-Thani Mohamed H. , Al-Khal Abdullatif , Bertollini Roberto , Abu-Raddad Laith J.
Published: February 2025

The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has rapidly evolved over short timescales, leading to the emergence of more transmissible variants such as Alpha and Delta1–3. The arrival of the Omicron variant marked a major shift, introducing numerous extra mutations in the spike gene compared with earlier variants1,2. These evolutionary changes have raised concerns regarding their potential impact on immune evasion, disease severity and the effectiveness of vaccines and treatments1,3. In this epidemiological study, we identified two distinct patterns in the protective effect of natural infection against reinfection in the Omicron versus pre-Omicron eras. Before Omicron, natural infection provided strong and durable protection against reinfection, with minimal waning over time. However, during the Omicron era, protection was robust only for those recently infected, declining rapidly over time and diminishing within a year. These results demonstrate that SARS-CoV-2 immune protection is shaped by a dynamic interaction between host immunity and viral evolution, leading to contrasting reinfection patterns before and after Omicron’s first wave. This shift in patterns suggests a change in evolutionary pressures, with intrinsic transmissibility driving adaptation pre-Omicron and immune escape becoming dominant post-Omicron, underscoring the need for periodic vaccine updates to sustain immunity.
Comparative analysis of microbial contamination in diesel fuels using MALDI-TOF MS
Authors: Ludwiczak Agnieszka , Zieliński Tomasz , Sibińska Ewelina , Czeszewska-Rosiak Grażyna , Złoch Michał , Rudnicka Joanna , Tretyn Andrzej , Pomastowski Paweł
Published: February 2025

Microbiological contamination in fuels poses a significant threat to fuel quality, operational safety, and the efficiency of fuel systems. Effective management of microbial risks can extend fuel systems’ lifespan and minimize the environmental footprint of fuel usage. Therefore, we aimed to identify the microbiological contaminants using two MALDI-TOF MS systems (Bruker Daltonik GmbH and Zybio Inc.). Detection and characterization of microbiological contamination in fuels were performed with further validation by 16 S rRNA gene sequencing. Microorganisms collected from three types of diesel fuel were cultured, and fuel samples were analyzed. Significant differences in microbiological contamination were observed between the fuel types, with 272 isolates of bacteria and fungi identified across all fuel samples. Ekodiesel Ultra B0 had the highest number of identified microorganisms. The Zybio system identified 48% of all microorganisms at the species level, whereas the Bruker system identified only 33%. The 16 S rDNA sequencing confirmed proteomic identifications by the MALDI systems with high accuracy. Our study indicates that MALDI-TOF MS technology can effectively assess microbiological contamination in fuels. Integrating MALDI-TOF MS with other molecular techniques could provide a comprehensive view of fuel’s microbial communities.
Investigation and evaluation of the efficiency of palm kernel oil extract for corrosion inhibition of brass artifacts
Authors: Megahed Mohamed M. , AbdElRhiem Eman , Atta Wesam , Ghany Nabil Abdel , Abdelbar Mohamed
Published: February 2025

Brass (Cu–Zn alloy) used in the crescent of the Al-Maradani Mosque pulpit is subjected to corrosion under certain conditions, such as exposure to polluted air, oxidizing acids, and compounds containing sulphur or ammonia. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of palm kernel oil extract (PKO) as a green corrosion inhibitor for protecting brass artifacts. The crescent was analyzed using metallographic microscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) with energy-dispersive X-ray (EDX), and X-ray diffraction (XRD) to identify its alloy composition, microstructure and corrosion products. The analyses confirmed the crescent was made of a brass alloy (Cu–Zn) and formed by hammering, with corrosion layers composed primarily of cuprite and clinoatacamite, covered by dust containing calcite and quartz. The corrosion protection efficiency of the PKO was evaluated using brass coupons, simulating the artifact of the alloy. Electrochemical methods, including the open circuit potential (OCP), Tafel, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), were used to assess the performance of palm kernel oil on brass coupons at different concentrations (1, 3, 5, 7%). Electrochemical tests showed that corrosion inhibition efficiency increased with higher palm kernel oil concentrations, with the 7% concentration exhibiting the highest corrosion protection, up to 99.7%.
Design and modeling of a highly compact negative index floral shape metamaterial for flight navigation applications
Authors: Pallavi M. , Kumar Praveen , Shivakumar B. R.
Published: February 2025

The collision avoidance system (CAS) is a mandatory monitoring apparatus equipped in all aircraft to safeguard flight safety. The CAS scans the predefined regions in a systematic manner for a certain length of time to detect any approaching aircraft that could potentially pose a threat. Thus, CAS requires a focused multi-element radiator which can encompass the complete azimuth region. Recent years have seen a growing emphasis on enhancing the efficiency of CAS antennas because of several constraints, such as low gain (3.6 dB), larger dimensions, substantial side-lobe amplitude (− 7 dB), and challenges with beam adaptation. The current research strives to enhance the gain of a CAS antenna by incorporating the basic idea of metamaterials (MTMs). Therefore, a compact floral-shaped double negative (DNG) MTM design is proposed. The CAS antenna routes the signal throughout the complete azimuth region, so the designed MTM must be proficient to withstand its DNG characteristics for different incident angles. Hence, the proposed design is tested at various incident angles spanning between to along the azimuth region, at a deviation. The results indicate that the proposed structure retains its DNG behavior in the desired frequency range, regardless of the incident angles. The computed effective medium ratio of the structure is 13.47 at the CAS central frequency (1.06 GHz), highlighting its compactness and efficacy. Furthermore, to analyze the function of the structure on the antenna, the unit-element (UE) is expanded to a 5 × 4 array and deployed as an additional layer on the radiator at a predetermined distance. The addition of MTM to the radiator outperformed the conventional radiator by enhancing the antenna gain, by 2.6 dB, respectively. Additionally, to confirm the experimental findings, the UE and array designs are fabricated, and the fabrication results align closely with the simulation results.
Machine learning optimized design of THz piezoelectric perovskite-based biosensor for the detection of formalin in aqueous environments
Authors: Wekalao Jacob , Patel Shobhit K. , Kumar Om Prakash , Al-zahrani Fahad Ahmed
Published: February 2025

This investigation presents the development and characterization of an advanced piezoelectric perovskite-based biosensing platform optimized for formalin detection in aqueous media through the implementation of Locally Weighted Linear Regression (LWLR) machine learning algorithms. The sensor architecture operates within the terahertz spectral region and incorporates an advanced nanomaterial composite system comprising black phosphorus, gold nanostructures, graphene, and barium titanate to maximize detection sensitivity and operational performance metrics. The engineered platform integrates a circular graphene metasurfaces configuration with a gold-based H-resonator assembly and concentrically arranged circular ring resonators. Computational simulations demonstrate vigorous sensing capabilities across three discrete frequency bands, achieving remarkable sensitivity parameters of 444 GHzRIU⁻¹, accompanied by a quality factor of 5.970 and detection accuracy of 7.576. The integration of LWLR-based optimization protocols substantially enhances prediction accuracy while reducing computational time by ≥ 85% as well as cutting down the required resources. The proposed sensor architecture presents significant potential for environmental monitoring and clinical applications, offering a highly sensitive and efficient methodology for quantitative formalin detection in aqueous environments.
HSC70 coordinates COP9 signalosome and SCF ubiquitin ligase activity to enable a prompt stress response
Authors: Nishimura Shunsuke , Kioka Hidetaka , Ding Shan , Hakui Hideyuki , Shinomiya Haruki , Tanabe Kazuya , Hitsumoto Tatsuro , Matsuoka Ken , Kato Hisakazu , Tsukamoto Osamu , Asano Yoshihiro , Takashima Seiji , Enchev Radoslav I , Sakata Yasushi
Published: February 2025

The SCF (SKP1/CUL1/F-box protein) ubiquitin ligase complex plays a protective role against external stress, such as ultraviolet irradiation. The emergence of substrates activates SCF through neddylation, the covalent attachment of ubiquitin-like protein NEDD8 to CUL1. After substrate degradation, SCF is inactivated through deneddylation by COP9-signalosome (CSN), a solo enzyme that can deneddylate SCF. How the activity of CSN and SCF is coordinated within the cell is not fully understood. Here, we find that heat-shock cognate 70 (HSC70) chaperone coordinates SCF and CSN activation dependent on the neddylation status and substrate availability. Under basal conditions and low substrate availability, HCS70 directly enhances CSN deneddylation activity, thereby reducing SCF activity. Under SCF-activated conditions, HSC70 interacts with neddylated SCF and enhances its ubiquitination activity. The alternative interaction between HSC70 and CSN or neddylated SCF is regulated by the presence or absence of SCF substrates. The knockdown of HSC70 decreases SCF-mediated substrate ubiquitination, resulting in vulnerability against ultraviolet irradiation. Our work demonstrates the pivotal role of HSC70 in the alternative activation of CSN deneddylation and SCF substrate ubiquitination, which enables a prompt stress response.
Elastic scattering spectrum fused with Raman spectrum for rapid classification of colorectal cancer tissues
Authors: Li Yanfeng , Ji Shenjie , Ma Luyao , Shen Yuchi , Yuan Guanghua , Bian Jingyi , Liu Bin , Meng Fan , He Nongyue , Wang Chao
Published: February 2025

A fast and accurate method that is independent of physicians’ experience for the intraoperative examination of colorectal tumors is proposed by fusing elastic scattering spectrum with Raman spectrum and using an AI model called spec-transformer.
Branched silver–iron oxide nanoparticles enabling highly effective targeted and localised drug-free thrombolysis
Authors: Vazquez-Prada Karla X. , Moonshi Shehzahdi S. , Wu Yuao , Peter Karlheinz , Wang Xiaowei , Xu Zhi Ping , Ta Hang Thu
Published: February 2025

SCE5-AgIONPs, specifically targets thrombi in both in vitro and in vivo models of thrombosis. SCE5-AgIONPs can be activated by ultrasound, resulting in a restoration of blood flow with no detectable toxicity. Created with BioRender.com.
Crosslink strength governs yielding behavior in dynamically crosslinked hydrogels
Authors: Eckman Noah , Grosskopf Abigail K. , Jiang Grace , Kamani Krutarth , Huang Michelle S. , Schmittlein Brigitte , Heilshorn Sarah C. , Rogers Simon , Appel Eric A.
Published: February 2025

Injectable hydrogels have spawned great interest as vehicles for cell therapy. We find that crosslink strength controls the solid-to-liquid yielding transition; further, stronger crosslinks lead to brittle yielding, reducing injected cell viability.
Toward decorrelation of surface oxygen groups from metal dispersion effects in Pd/C hydrogenation catalysts
Authors: Leal Villarroel Edgardo A. , Marcelot Cécile , Torres Cecilia C. , Soulantica Katerina , Campos Cristian H. , Serp Philippe
Published: February 2025

Adjusting the surface functionalization of the carbon support allows controlling the capping ligand spillover and consequently the surface Pd(0)/Pd2+ ratio, which in turn impacts the catalyst performances.
Nano calcium carbonate promotes phosphorus uptake in wheat by modulating the rate of phosphorus release and facilitating soil bacterial-mediated phosphorus morphological transformation processes
Authors: Gao Yu , Chen Shuang , Ji Cexun , Chao Kui , Wang Xiulin , Shi Yan
Published: February 2025

NCC can reduce leaching losses of P fertilizers by slowly releasing P and increase soil AP content by increasing the abundance of bacteria carrying phoD, gcd, ppx, and ppa genes that activate ALP activity and promote inorganic P solubilization.
Recent updates of probiotic dairy-based beverages
Authors: Taşkoparan Şevval , Altınay Canan , Barbaros Özer H.
Published: February 2025

There is a rapid paradigm shift in the food consumption habits of consumers globally.
Advances in the synthesis of indolizines and their π-expanded analogues: update 2016–2024
Authors: Badaro Jaqueline S. A. , Godlewski Bartosz , Gryko Daniel T.
Published: February 2025

Developments in the synthesis of indolizines during the last decade are reviewed, with special emphasis given to strategies relying on pyrrole derivatives and on π-expanded systems.
A novel multifunctional fluorescent probe with ESIPT and AIE effects for the detection of Co2+ and HClO
Authors: Lu Chenxiang , Xu Jiawei , Song Zhe , Zhu Guoqin , Dai Zhenya
Published: February 2025

We developed a novel fluorescent probe featuring excited-state intramolecular proton transfer (ESIPT) and aggregation-induced emission (AIE) effects, which displayed dual-channel fluorescence emission.
Engineering the structures of ZnCo-MOFs via a ligand effect for enhanced supercapacitor performance
Authors: Otun Kabir Opeyemi , Diop Ndeye Fatou , Fasakin Oladepo , Mohamed Adam Rashed Ali , Rutavi Gift , Manyala Ncholu
Published: February 2025

This work provides insights into the key role of ligands in the formation mechanism of bimetallic ZnCo-MOFs for enhanced supercapacitor performance.
Quinoline analogs: multifaceted heterocyclic compounds with varied synthetic strategies and potent antitubercular properties
Authors: Pakhariya Rajendra Prasad , Bhatnagar Ayushi , Pemawat Gangotri
Published: February 2025

Graphical representation of quinoline-based molecular frameworks: synthesis and structural diversity.
Host–guest chemistry on living cells enabling recyclable photobiocatalytic cascade
Authors: Zhang Jiaheng , Batista Vasco F. , Hübner René , Karring Henrik , Wu Changzhu
Published: February 2025

Host–guest chemistry on the surface of bacterial cells containing a cyclodextrin-functionalized polymer enables the biocompatible combination of photo and biocatalysts as recyclable systems for cascade reactions.
Advancements in perovskite solar cell concentrators and future prospects
Authors: Tsvetkov Nikolai , Lee Minwoo , Kim Youngmin , Kim Dohyung , Yun Jae Sung , Min Hanul
Published: February 2025

This review summarizes recent progress in perovskite materials for concentrated photovoltaics (CPVs), highlighting their properties, addressing thermal challenges, and discussing strategies to enhance CPV performance and feasibility.
Mitochondria-targeting fluorescent probe with a pH/viscosity response for assisted detection of non-alcoholic fatty liver in mice
Authors: Wang Xue , Zhou Xu , Zhang Ze , Shen Lingyi , Yan Xiufang , Xu Hong , Redshaw Carl , Zhang Qi-Long
Published: February 2025

Fluorescent probes with viscosity and pH responsiveness can target the mitochondria of cancer cells for cellular imaging, used for the auxiliary detection of non-alcoholic fatty liver.
Comparative analysis of Calotropis procera and Ceiba pentandra fibre-based filters used to separate oil from emulsified effluent
Authors: Singh Chandra Jeet , Mukhopadhyay Samrat , Rengasamy Raju Seenivasan , Srivastava Mayuri , Kumari Ranjna
Published: February 2025

This research compared the filters made of kapok and milkweed fibres, which separated 5 μm and 2 μm droplets from oily wastewater with 5% oil concentration.
Same same but different? How blood and lymphatic vessels induce cell contact inhibition
Authors: Carlantoni Claudia , Liekfeld Leon M.H. , Beerens Manu , Frye Maike
Published: February 2025

Endothelial cells (ECs) migrate, sprout, and proliferate in response to (lymph)angiogenic mitogens, such as vascular endothelial growth factors. When ECs reach high confluency and encounter spatial confinement, they establish mature cell–cell junctions, reduce proliferation, and enter a quiescent state through a process known as contact inhibition. However, EC quiescence is modulated not only by spatial confinement but also by other mechano-environmental factors, including blood or lymph flow and extracellular matrix properties. Changes in physical forces and intracellular signaling can disrupt contact inhibition, resulting in aberrant proliferation and vascular dysfunction. Therefore, it is critical to understand the mechanisms by which endothelial cells regulate contact inhibition. While contact inhibition has been well studied in blood endothelial cells (BECs), its regulation in lymphatic endothelial cells (LECs) remains largely unexplored. Here, we review the current knowledge on extrinsic stimuli and intrinsic molecular pathways that govern endothelial contact inhibition and highlight nuanced differences between BECs and LECs. Furthermore, we provide perspectives for future research on lymphatic contact inhibition. A deeper understanding of the BEC and LEC-specific pathways underlying contact inhibition may enable targeted modulation of this process in blood or lymphatic vessels with relevance to lymphatic or blood vascular-specific disorders.
The role of transcription bodies in gene expression: what embryos teach us
Authors: Ugolini Martino , Vastenhouw Nadine L.
Published: February 2025

Transcription does not occur diffusely throughout the nucleus but is concentrated in specific areas. Areas of accumulated transcriptional machinery have been called clusters, hubs, or condensates, while transcriptionally active areas have been referred to as transcription factories or transcription bodies. Despite the widespread occurrence of transcription bodies, it has been difficult to study their assembly, function, and effect on gene expression. This review highlights the advantages of developmental model systems such as zebrafish and fruit fly embryos, in addressing these questions. We focus on three important discoveries that were made in embryos. (i) It had previously been suggested that, in transcription bodies, the different steps of the transcription process are organized in space. We explore how work in embryos has revealed that they can also be organized in time. In this case, transcription bodies mature from transcription factor clusters to elongating transcription bodies. This type of organization has important implications for transcription body function. (ii) The relevance of clustering for in vivo gene regulation has benefited greatly from studies in embryos. We discuss examples in which transcription bodies regulate developmental gene expression by compensating for low transcription factor concentrations and low-affinity enhancers. Finally, (iii) while accumulations of transcriptional machinery can facilitate transcription locally, work in embryos showed that transcription bodies can also sequester the transcriptional machinery, modulating the availability for activity at other sites. In brief, the reviewed literature highlights the properties of developmental model organisms that make them powerful systems for uncovering the form and function of transcription bodies.
Exploring the oncogenic roles of T-box transcription factor TBX2 and its potential as a therapeutic target
Authors: Bellis Claire , Mlaza Mihlali V. , Ali Abid , Abrahams Amaal , Prince Sharon
Published: February 2025

During embryonic development, the T-box transcription factor TBX2 regulates key processes such as cell fate decisions, migration and tissue morphogenesis, and mutations that lead to reduced TBX2 levels result in developmental abnormalities including congenital heart and skeletal defects. TBX2, on the other hand, is overexpressed in a plethora of cancers where it functions as a powerful oncogene contributing to processes ranging from the bypass of senescence and cell death pathways to the promotion of cell proliferation, and epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition to drive invasion and metastasis. Additionally, TBX2 has been implicated in conferring resistance to anti-cancer drugs resulting in poor therapeutic outcomes. To exert its oncogenic functions, TBX2 transcriptionally represses key tumour suppressor genes involved in controlling cell proliferation and epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition such as p21Cip1, p14/p19ARF PTEN, NDRG1, CST6 and E-cadherin. This repression has been shown to involve complex mechanisms by which TBX2 co-opts transcription factors and recruits co-repression complexes to the promoters of these tumour suppressor genes. While limited information is available on how TBX2 is regulated in cancers, there is evidence that the levels and oncogenic functions of TBX2 are induced by developmental signalling pathways that are hijacked by cancer cells such as the Wnt/β-catenin and PI3K/AKT pathways. Understanding the complex molecular networks that TBX2 is involved in to exert its oncogenic functions is important because it may reveal potential therapeutic strategies for targeting TBX2 in TBX2-dependent cancers. This minireview discusses TBX2’s involvement in cancer signalling, its regulatory partners, and its impact on cancer progression and resistance to therapy.
Predictive Use of Grammatical Gender During Noun Phrase Decoding: An Eye-Tracking Study With German Children With Developmental Language Disorder
Authors: Cholewa Jürgen , Kirschenkern Annika , Steinke Frederike , Günther Thomas
Published: February 2025

Purpose:

Predictive language comprehension has become a major topic in psycholinguistic research. The study described in this article aims to investigate if German children with developmental language disorder (DLD) use grammatical gender agreement to predict the continuation of noun phrases in the same way as it has been observed for typically developing (TD) children. The study also seeks to differentiate between specific and general deficits in predictive processing by exploring the anticipatory use of semantic information. Additionally, the research examines whether the processing of gender and semantic information varies with the speed of stimulus presentation.

Method:

The study included 30 children with DLD (average age = 8.7 years) and 26 TD children (average age = 8.4 years) who participated in a visual-world eye-tracking study. Noun phrases, consisting of an article, an adjective, and a noun, were presented that matched with only one of two target pictures. The phrases contained a gender cue, a semantic cue, a combination of both, or none of these cues. The cues were provided by the article and/or adjective and could be used to identify the target picture before the noun itself was presented.

Results:

Both groups, TD children and those with DLD, utilized predictive processing strategies in response to gender agreement and semantic information when decoding noun phrases. However, children with DLD were only able to consider gender cues when noun phrases were presented at a slower speech rate, and even then, their predictive certainty remained below the typical level for their age.

Conclusion:

Based on these findings, the article discusses the potential relevance of the prediction framework for explaining comprehension deficits in children with DLD, as well as the clinical implications of the results.
A social relationship‐aware collaborative D2D secure caching strategy
Authors: Li Songnong , Ji Yongliang , Peng Wenxin , Dai Haoreng , Jiang Jinyang
Published: February 2025

In response to the issue of wireless spectrum scarcity and secure transmission caused by frequent requests for short videos from a large number of devices within the network, this article proposes a social relationship‐aware collaborative Device‐to‐Device (D2D) secure caching strategy. By thoroughly analyzing the physical and social characteristics of devices, a collaborative secure caching policy based on user social relationships is designed, aiming to enhance the willingness of end users to share, reduce network traffic loads, and decrease transmission latency. To maximize traffic offloading, users are divided into communities based on their physical‐social attributes, grouping users with strong physical‐social attributes in the same community to increase their sharing willingness. For users within the community, relay nodes are chosen for users according to the contribution of the cached content to the community, and personalized video content caching placement is further realized based on the video content popularity predicted by the collaborative filtering algorithm to meet user demands. Simulation results suggest that the proposed algorithm can improve traffic offloading and reduce transmission latency.
Experimental evaluation of received‐power improvement using sub‐THz Bessel beam
Authors: Suzuoki Kosuke , Yasunori Yagi , Kudo Riichi , Lee Doohwan
Published: February 2025

The use of the sub‐terahertz (THz) band is a promising candidate to cope with the ever‐increasing traffic in wireless access. Since the transmission range in the sub‐THz band is reduced due to its large propagation loss, received power needs to be enhanced using beamforming technologies. The authors focused on Bessel beams (BBs), which show high received power performance up to a certain distance, and evaluated their performance experimentally. The experiments were carried out at 140 GHz using small (15 cm diameter) dielectric and metasurface lenses. When using these small lenses, received power was increased by up to 15 and 11 dB, respectively, and the received power for distances up to 70 cm was greater than that of a conventional collimated beam.