bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Accessible Sonification of Total Solar Eclipse 2024: Accessible Map and Multimodal Virtual Reality Experience
Authors: Walmer Auralee , Cash Nicolette , Yin Wenqing , Majors Teairis , Biggs Brandon , Walker Bruce N.
Published: October 2024

April 8th, 2024 marks a rare astronomical event impacting a notable portion of North America – a total solar eclipse. While this event can be witnessed by those along the path of totality, many may find it inaccessible due to their geographical location or a possible visual impairment which would exclude them from the experience. We aim to make the solar eclipse more accessible, by creating an audio-visual representation of the event that can be both educational and awe-inspiring. There are three primary components of this project, each designed to be accessible before, during, and after the 2024 eclipse: (1) accessible audio-visual maps; (2) a virtual reality simulation with educational and immersive features; and (3) a soundscape to accompany the real-time total solar eclipse event. Each component introduces intentionally designed sonic parameters, as well as narrative elements, to guide listeners through each feature of the project. We explore the challenges and benefits of expressing the total solar eclipse auditorily, and argue that an audio-visual format provides both educational and engaging benefits. Our ultimate goal is to provide an experience that is illuminating, enriching, and most importantly, accessible to anyone regardless of visual impairment or geographical location.
Adapting Audio Mixing Principles and Tools to Parameter Mapping Sonification Design
Authors: Kantan Prithvi Ravi , Dahl Sofia , Spaich Erika G.
Published: October 2024

Designing a parameter mapping sonification (PMSon) involves defining a mapping function that determines how data variables affect audio signal parameters. The mapping function is represented using mathematical notation and/or characterized in terms of scaling, transfer function and polarity; both approaches manifest in software platforms for PMSon design. Math notation is not always directly relatable to complex design requirements, and simple characterizations lack generality and may be ambiguous - both issues hamper mapping function design, conceptualization, and dissemination. We seek to address them through knowledge transfer from audio mixing, a mature craft with strong parallels to PMSon design. For mixing, it was a versatile and universally applicable technological platform (the multitrack mixer) that supported the development of mixing technique, concepts, and recent formalizations thereof, laying the foundation for modern audio production. We posit that a PMSon design platform that adapts the essential elements of the mixer can similarly reinforce PMSon by supporting a mapping function representation directly tied to the design process. We define the correspondence between mixing and PMSon design, outline specifics of mixer functionality adaptation, and demonstrate the resulting capabilities with our proof-of-principle platform Mix-N-Map that is currently pending user testing. We believe a general PMSon framework explicitly rooted in audio mixing can potentially advance theory and practice to the benefit of PMSon designers and users alike.
Pelatihan Berpikir Kritis dan Sikap Gotong Royong dalam Pembelajaran Laboratorium Luar Sekolah Taman Satwa Cikembulan di SMPN 2 Kadungora
Authors: Lestari Wiwit Yuli , Rahmaniar Andinisa , Purnamasari Shinta , Abdurrahman Dudung , Latip Abdul , Syarifatoha Nawa Hilmi , Anwar Siti Nazila , Safarizi Sabrina Aprilla , Hasanah Rani Sumiati , Hidayat Aceng M Rohmat , Ramdan Raihan Muhammad
Published: October 2024

Penggunaan laboratorium luar sekolah sebagai sumber dan sarana prasarana pembelajaran dapat diterapkan didalam kegiatan pembelajaran, agar termotivasinya peserta didik dalam pembelajaran. Berpikir kritis merupakan salah satu keterampilan yang harus dimiliki oleh peserta didik, begitu juga sikap gotong royong yang didalam kurikulum merdeka perlu dilatihkan. Pengabdian pelatihan ini dilakukan di SMPN 2 Kadungora. Subjek penelitian adalah peserta didik dan  guru. Kegiatan pengabdian ini mencakup 3 tahapan kegiatan, yaitu tahap persiapan,pelaksanaan dan refleksi evaluasi. Pada tahap persiapan melakukan kordinasi dari tim dosen UNIGA, mahasiswa UNIGA,  pihak sekolah dan pihak Taman Satwa Cikembulan. Pelatihan pelaksanaan meliputi pemberian materi konten IPA pentingnya sikap gotong royong dan berpikir kritis, penerapan di Taman Satwa Cikembulan, serta refleksi dan evaluasi. Pada tahap evaluasi, dilakukan penyebaran kuesioner kepada guru dan peserta didik. Hasil evaluasi pada kegiatan pengabdian menunjukkan respon positif baik dari peserta didik ataupun guru. Peserta didik memiliki rata-rata persentase yang tinggi dari setiap indikator. Sedangkan guru menunjukkan persante yang tinggi pada aspek kebermanfaatan menyelenggarakan pengabdian masyarakat atau 97,2%, aspek selanjutnya yaitu memiliki nilai sama yaitu aspek kebutuhan sesuai kemampuan profesionalisme guru dan kepuasan menyelengarakan pengabdian masyarakat yaitu bernilai 91.67% dan aspek yang paling kecil yaitu aspek relevansi materi dan evaluasi sesuai kurikulum Merdeka yaitu bernilai 90%.
Data Verification and Respondent Validity for a Web-Based Sexual Health Survey: Tutorial
Authors: Parker Jayelin N , Rager Theresa L , Burns Jade , Mmeje Okeoma
Published: October 2024

Background

As technology continues to shape the landscape of health research, the utilization of web-based surveys for collecting sexual health information among adolescents and young adults has become increasingly prevalent. However, this shift toward digital platforms brings forth a new set of challenges, particularly the infiltration of automated bots that can compromise data integrity and the reliability of survey results.

Objective

We aimed to outline the data verification process used in our study design, which employed survey programming and data cleaning protocols.

Methods

A 26-item survey was developed and programmed with several data integrity functions, including reCAPTCHA scores, RelevantID fraud and duplicate scores, verification of IP addresses, and honeypot questions. Participants aged 15‐24 years were recruited via social media advertisements over 7 weeks and received a US $15 incentive after survey completion. Data verification occurred through a 2-part cleaning process, which removed responses that were incomplete, flagged as spam by Qualtrics, or from duplicate IP addresses, or those that did not meet the inclusion criteria. Final comparisons of reported age with date of birth and reported state with state inclusion criteria were performed. Participants who completed the study survey were linked to a second survey to receive their incentive. Responses without first and last names and full addresses were removed, as were those with duplicate IP addresses or the exact same longitude and latitude coordinates. Finally, IP addresses used to complete both surveys were compared, and consistent responses were eligible for an incentive.

Results

Over 7 weeks, online advertisements for a web-based survey reached 1.4 million social media users. Of the 20,585 survey responses received, 4589 (22.3%) were verified. Incentives were sent to 462 participants; of these, 14 responses were duplicates and 3 contained discrepancies, resulting in a final sample of 445 responses.

Conclusions

Confidential web-based surveys are an appealing method for reaching populations—particularly adolescents and young adults, who may be reluctant to disclose sensitive information to family, friends, or clinical providers. Web-based surveys are a useful tool for researchers targeting hard-to-reach populations due to the difficulty in obtaining a representative sample. However, researchers face the ongoing threat of bots and fraudulent participants in a technology-driven world, necessitating the adoption of evolving bot detection software and tailored protocols for data collection in unique contexts.
Navigating Nephrology's Decline Through a GPT-4 Analysis of Internal Medicine Specialties in the United States: Qualitative Study
Authors: Miao Jing , Thongprayoon Charat , Garcia Valencia Oscar , Craici Iasmina M , Cheungpasitporn Wisit
Published: October 2024

Background

The 2024 Nephrology fellowship match data show the declining interest in nephrology in the United States, with an 11% drop in candidates and a mere 66% (321/488) of positions filled.

Objective

The study aims to discern the factors influencing this trend using ChatGPT, a leading chatbot model, for insights into the comparative appeal of nephrology versus other internal medicine specialties.

Methods

Using the GPT-4 model, the study compared nephrology with 13 other internal medicine specialties, evaluating each on 7 criteria including intellectual complexity, work-life balance, procedural involvement, research opportunities, patient relationships, career demand, and financial compensation. Each criterion was assigned scores from 1 to 10, with the cumulative score determining the ranking. The approach included counteracting potential bias by instructing GPT-4 to favor other specialties over nephrology in reverse scenarios.

Results

GPT-4 ranked nephrology only above sleep medicine. While nephrology scored higher than hospice and palliative medicine, it fell short in key criteria such as work-life balance, patient relationships, and career demand. When examining the percentage of filled positions in the 2024 appointment year match, nephrology’s filled rate was 66%, only higher than the 45% (155/348) filled rate of geriatric medicine. Nephrology’s score decreased by 4%‐14% in 5 criteria including intellectual challenge and complexity, procedural involvement, career opportunity and demand, research and academic opportunities, and financial compensation.

Conclusions

ChatGPT does not favor nephrology over most internal medicine specialties, highlighting its diminishing appeal as a career choice. This trend raises significant concerns, especially considering the overall physician shortage, and prompts a reevaluation of factors affecting specialty choice among medical residents.
Perspectives of Digital Health Innovations in Low- and Middle-Income Health Care Systems From South and Southeast Asia
Authors: Yi Siyan , Yam Esabelle Lo Yan , Cheruvettolil Kochukoshy , Linos Eleni , Gupta Anshika , Palaniappan Latha , Rajeshuni Nitya , Vaska Kiran Gopal , Schulman Kevin , Eggleston Karen N
Published: October 2024

Digital health innovations have emerged globally as a transformative force for addressing health system challenges, particularly in resource-constrained settings. The COVID-19 pandemic underscored the critical importance of these innovations for enhancing public health. In South and Southeast Asia, a region known for its cultural diversity and complex health care landscape, digital health innovations present a dynamic interplay of challenges and opportunities. We advocate for ongoing research built into system development and an evidence-based strategy focusing on designing and scaling national digital health infrastructures combined with a vibrant ecosystem or “marketplace” of local experiments generating shared experience about what works in which settings. As the global digital health revolution unfolds, the perspectives drawn from South and Southeast Asia—including the importance of local partnerships—may provide valuable insights for shaping future strategies and informing similar initiatives in low- and middle-income countries, contributing to effective digital health strategies across diverse global health contexts.
Exploring Client Preferences for Psychological Counselors in a Chinese Online Health Community: Longitudinal Study
Authors: Feng Xiandong , Hu Yinhuan , Pfaff Holger , Liu Sha , Xie Jinzhu , Zhang Zemiao
Published: October 2024

Background

Although online health communities are acknowledged for their role in bridging the supply-demand gap in mental health services, the client decision-making process in these environments remains underexplored.

Objective

This study aimed to explore the impact of different signals presented on psychological counselors’ home pages on clients’ choices.

Methods

Adopting signaling theory as the framework, this study classified information into online and offline signals and developed a theoretical model to examine client choice behaviors. We collected data from 487 psychological counselors in a leading Chinese online mental health community during March, June, September, and December 2023. Based on these data, we constructed a 4-period balanced panel dataset. A fixed effects model was used to analyze which signals influence clients’ choices of psychological counselors.

Results

Regarding online signals, the service price (β=0.186, P<.001) and online reputation (β=0.489, P=.002) of psychological counselors positively influence clients’ choices. Concerning offline signals, psychological counselors’ practical experience (β=0.007, P<.001) is positively related to clients’ choices. Moreover, the results indicate that the relationship between a counselor’s prosocial behavior and clients’ choices is not linear but rather exhibits an inverted U-shape.

Conclusions

This study reveals that the varied information provided by psychological counselors has distinct impacts on clients’ choices in online health communities. It broadens the application of signaling theory to online behaviors and emphasizes the importance of both online and offline signals. These insights offer strategic guidance for counselors and online platforms to better meet potential clients’ needs by optimizing the information presented on psychological counselors’ home pages.
Association Between Visual Impairment and Daily Internet Use Among Older Japanese Individuals: Cross-Sectional Questionnaire Study
Authors: Takesue Atsuhide , Hiratsuka Yoshimune , Kondo Katsunori , Aida Jun , Nakagomi Atsushi , Nakao Shintaro
Published: October 2024

Background

Older adults might not use computers due to psychological barriers, environmental barriers such as not owning a computer or lack of internet access, and health-related barriers such as difficulties with fine motor skills, low cognitive function, or low vision. Given the health benefits of internet use among older adults, inadequate use of the internet is an urgent public health issue in many countries.

Objective

We aimed to determine whether visual impairment is associated with internet use in a population-based sample of older adults.

Methods

This cross-sectional study sourced data for the year 2016 from the Japan Gerontological Evaluation Study. It included functionally independent community-dwelling individuals aged ≥65 years (N=19,452) in Japan. The respondents reported their visual status by answering the question, “Is your eyesight (without or with usual glasses or corrective lenses) excellent, very good, good, fair, or poor?” We defined “internet user” as a person who uses the internet “almost daily.” We used multivariate logistic regression with multiple imputations to analyze visual status, daily internet use, and any correlations between them.

Results

We observed that 23.6% (4599/19,452) of respondents used the internet almost daily. Respondents with good visual status notably tended to use the internet more frequently than those with poor visual status. Specifically, 13% and 31% of respondents with poor and excellent vision, respectively, used the internet almost daily. In contrast, 66% and 45% of respondents with poor and excellent vision, respectively, did not use the internet. Even after adjusting for several covariates (age, sex, equivalized income, years of education, marital status, depression, history of systemic comorbidities, frequency of meeting friends, and total social participation score), significant associations persisted between visual status and daily internet usage. The odds ratios (ORs) tended to increase as visual status improved (P for trend <.001). The adjusted ORs for individuals with excellent and very good visual status who used the internet almost daily were 1.38 (95% CI 1.22-1.56) and 1.25 (95% CI 1.15-1.36), respectively. Conversely, the adjusted OR for those with fair or poor visual status was 0.73 (95% CI 0.62-0.86).

Conclusions

In this study, we reaffirmed what several previous studies have pointed out using a very large dataset; visual impairment negatively impacted daily internet use by older adults. This highlights the need to address visual impairments to promote web use as health care services become more easily accessed on the web.
Exploring Client Preferences for Psychological Counselors in a Chinese Online Health Community: Longitudinal Study (Preprint)
Authors: Feng Xiandong , Hu Yinhuan , Pfaff Holger , Liu Sha , Xie Jinzhu , Zhang Zemiao
Published: October 2024

BACKGROUND

Although online health communities are acknowledged for their role in bridging the supply-demand gap in mental health services, the client decision-making process in these environments remains underexplored.

OBJECTIVE

This study aimed to explore the impact of different signals presented on psychological counselors’ home pages on clients’ choices.

METHODS

Adopting signaling theory as the framework, this study classified information into online and offline signals and developed a theoretical model to examine client choice behaviors. We collected data from 487 psychological counselors in a leading Chinese online mental health community during March, June, September, and December 2023. Based on these data, we constructed a 4-period balanced panel dataset. A fixed effects model was used to analyze which signals influence clients’ choices of psychological counselors.

RESULTS

Regarding online signals, the service price (β=0.186, P<.001) and online reputation (β=0.489, P=.002) of psychological counselors positively influence clients’ choices. Concerning offline signals, psychological counselors’ practical experience (β=0.007, P<.001) is positively related to clients’ choices. Moreover, the results indicate that the relationship between a counselor’s prosocial behavior and clients’ choices is not linear but rather exhibits an inverted U-shape.

CONCLUSIONS

This study reveals that the varied information provided by psychological counselors has distinct impacts on clients’ choices in online health communities. It broadens the application of signaling theory to online behaviors and emphasizes the importance of both online and offline signals. These insights offer strategic guidance for counselors and online platforms to better meet potential clients’ needs by optimizing the information presented on psychological counselors’ home pages.
Personalized Just-in-Time Adaptive Intervention for Increasing Physical Activity (Preprint)
Authors: Ikegaya Mai , Foo Jerome Clifford , Murata Taiga , Oshima Kenta , Kim Jinhyuk
Published: October 2024

BACKGROUND

The health benefits of physical activity are well-known, but adherence to regular physical activity programs remains a major challenge. Just-in-time adaptive intervention (JITAI) has been proposed as a new intervention design to increase physical activity by delivering an intervention at a time when individuals are more likely to make behavioral changes. However, most studies that have implemented JITAI have used uniform intervention criteria (UIC) across participants rather than personalized intervention criteria (PIC) for the individual.

OBJECTIVE

To examine the effectiveness of using JITAI implemented with PIC for increasing physical activity.

METHODS

Participants (n=28) wore a wrist activity monitor for two weeks. In the first week, mean distance moved and sedentary time per hour for each participant were calculated to derive PIC. UIC was obtained from a 2-week preliminary study (n=47) conducted under the same conditions. Participants were divided into two groups which received JITAI to promote physical activity according to either PIC or UIC. In the second week, JITAI prompts were sent every hour if (1) distance moved was shorter and (2) sedentary time was longer than PIC/UIC. Differences in changes in physical activity as a result of implementing interventions according to PIC and UIC were analyzed using multilevel models.

RESULTS

Both PIC (P<0.001) and UIC (P<0.001) significantly increased physical activity in the first hour after JITAI was received. In that first hour, PIC increased physical activity more than UIC; more calories were burned (P=0.020), more steps were taken (P=0.007) and distance moved was increased (P=0.003). However, over the course of the week, the use of JITAI did not significantly increase physical activity levels.

CONCLUSIONS

Our results suggest that PIC-based JITAI is more effective than UIC-based JITAI, consistent with the idea of a need for precision health approaches. Research is needed to develop effective long-term intervention designs with sustainable effects.
Primary Tumors of the Brain and Central Nervous System in Adults and Children in Sub-Saharan Africa, 1999-2024: A Scoping Review Protocol (Preprint)
Authors: Al-Fikri Alhasan Ahmed Badeea , Alhammadi Mesk , Arum Chiedozie , Kaur Mahima , Del Biondo Kayla , Bani Ibrahim , Mudenda Victor , Vermund Sten H.
Published: October 2024

BACKGROUND

In sub-Saharan Africa (SSA), clinical and research investments for oncology screening, diagnosis, and therapy are exceedingly modest, compared to those in higher income regions. Diseases that are difficult to prevent or treat, such as primary brain and central nervous system (CNS) tumors, are especially challenging for low-resourced settings.

OBJECTIVE

To review and synthesize existing evidence to identify research and service gaps, we will conduct a scoping review to assess epidemiological data, clinical series, and health outcomes associated with brain and CNS tumors in SSA.

METHODS

This scoping review is guided by the Scoping Review Chapter of the JBI Manual for Evidence Synthesis. We will search the following databases: Ovid Medline, Embase, Cochrane Library, CINAHL, SCOPUS, CABI, JBI Evidence Synthesis, references from salient publications, and the gray literature, the latter focused on the International Agency for Research on Cancer and other major global health organizations. We will review titles and abstracts of potentially eligible studies and then full texts by 2 independent reviewers. We will include data from both primary and/or central nervous system (CNS) cancers in persons of all ages. Data will be abstracted independently using piloted data extraction forms, and we will present results according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analysis Protocols Extension for Scoping Reviews.

RESULTS

The projected start date of data collection is in November 2024, after the initial title/abstract screening and full-text screening are done in September, October, and early November 2024. Following the PRISMA-ScR 2022, and after pilot testing of data extraction, all the articles marked as "include" in the full-text screening will undergo data extraction aligning with our scoping review objectives, as mentioned in Table 2: Data Extraction Form for each eligible study reviewed, in the protocol. The extracted data will include epidemiological and clinical characteristics of the target population with Brain and CNS Tumors in Sub-Saharan African countries, such as incidence rate, prevalence rate, types of Brain/CNS tumors and their location, clinical presentation and diagnosis, therapy and outcomes, and case fatality rate if applicable. The projected end date of data collection is in January 2025, based on the screening process and the number of articles relevant for data extraction.

CONCLUSIONS

Conclusions will be made after the completion of data extraction and discussing significant findings.
Risk of COVID-19 Among Unvaccinated Healthcare Workers in Yemen: Challenges of Conflict and Limited Resources (Preprint)
Authors: Al-herwi Eihab Abdulrahman , Baras Maryam , Alhetar Khadega , Farhan Mohammed , Saleh Rashad , As-suhbani Amani , Alshoaibi Manal , Mohammed Mansour , Morshed Zainab , Shujaa-Aldeen Asia , Ghanem Fatima , AlQisi Bra’ah , Alherwi Mohammed , Bruns Tony
Published: October 2024

BACKGROUND

The COVID-19 pandemic presented significant challenges to healthcare centers across Yemen. The lack of access to COVID-19 vaccines and limited availability of personal protective equipment (PPE) greatly increased the risk of SARS-CoV-2 exposure among healthcare workers (HCWs).

OBJECTIVE

This study aimed to assess the seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 and associated risk factors among unvaccinated HCWs in Ibb, Yemen.

METHODS

Blood samples, occupational information, and clinical data were collected from 396 unvaccinated HCWs actively providing healthcare services between July 2022 and January 2023. SARS-CoV-2 antibody presence was determined using a lateral flow immunoassay.

RESULTS

Of the 396 HCWs tested, 268 (67.7%) were positive for SARS-CoV-2 antibodies, with no significant difference in seropositivity between genders. Key risk factors included occupation and workplace. Nurses (OR, 1.895; 95% CI: 1.100–3.264; P=.021), physician assistants (OR, 8.211; 95% CI: 1.040–64.794; P =.046), and those working in hospitals (OR, 2.769; 95% CI: 1.593–4.813; P<.001) had an elevated risk of infection. Eighty-two percent of seropositive HCWs reported COVID-19 related symptoms within the last 6 months (OR, 3.822; 95% CI: 2.399–6.087; P<.001), the majority being fever (71.2%), headache (65.3), cough (60.4%), or loss of taste or smell (57.8%).

CONCLUSIONS

Of the 396 HCWs tested, 268 (67.7%) were positive for SARS-CoV-2 antibodies, with no significant difference in seropositivity between genders. Key risk factors included occupation and workplace. Nurses (OR, 1.895; 95% CI: 1.100–3.264; P=.021), physician assistants (OR, 8.211; 95% CI: 1.040–64.794; P =.046), and those working in hospitals (OR, 2.769; 95% CI: 1.593–4.813; P<.001) had an elevated risk of infection. Eighty-two percent of seropositive HCWs reported COVID-19 related symptoms within the last 6 months (OR, 3.822; 95% CI: 2.399–6.087; P<.001), the majority being fever (71.2%), headache (65.3), cough (60.4%), or loss of taste or smell (57.8%).
Enhancing Women's Health Literacy through Artificial Intelligence Chatbots: A Discrete Choice Experiment Study (Preprint)
Authors: Wang Jing , Min Hewei , Li Tao , Li Jiaheng , Jiang Yang , Wu Yibo , Sun Xinying
Published: October 2024

BACKGROUND

Over 96% of adult women face health issues, with 70% experiencing conditions like infections. Mobile health education is increasingly popular but faces challenges in personalization and readability. Artificial intelligence chatbots provide tailored support, and a Discrete Choice Experiment can help in understanding user preferences to improve chatbot design.

OBJECTIVE

This study explores the preferences of women towards artificial intelligence chatbots to improve health education communication, user experience, and health literacy.

METHODS

A discrete choice experiment was conducted, identifying six main attributes of artificial intelligence chatbots: response accuracy, legibility, service cost, background information collection, information utility, and content provision. 957 participants from a hospital in Hebei Province participated, choosing between two hypothetical chatbots or opting for neither (a no-choice option). The conditional logit model was used to estimate user preferences.

RESULTS

Including 957 participants for analysis, participants are more willing to choose a chatbot with 100% response accuracy(β=0.940, P<.001), very easy to understand information(β=0.907, P<.001), service fee of ¥0/month (β=-0.095, P<.001), information utility is very practical(β=1.085, P<.001) and the provision of information content is disease knowledge(β=0.752, P<.001). Whether or not to allow the collection of background information (only question-answering information) has no significant impact on women’s choice preferences.

CONCLUSIONS

Artificial intelligence chatbots should focus on high response accuracy, clear content, free access, privacy protection, practical information, and disease knowledge to attract users and enhance health education.
The Dual Impact of Time and Content Exposure of Social Media on Diabetes Self-management in Older Adults: A Cross-sectional Study (Preprint)
Authors: Ye Qingyuan , Xu Ruiyang , Li Li , Zhao Meng , Wang Shan , Peng Sijing , Chen Si , Ahmed Fatema , Wu Chen , Wang Kefang
Published: October 2024

BACKGROUND

Self-management is critical for older adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus, but the practice of the self-management remains suboptimal. Social media has become an accessible and effective stimulus source for the public which has the potential to promote health behaviors, but its effect on self-management of older adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus remains unknown.

OBJECTIVE

To investigate the relationships between social media exposure, specifically time exposure and content exposure, and the self-management of older adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus.

METHODS

In this cross-sectional study, we enrolled 257 older adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus and who used short-form video Apps from community healthcare centers. We assessed subjective and objective time and content exposure. We transformed the text-based content exposure into the diabetes-related content exposure encompassing irrelevant, harmful, hypobeneficial and hyperbeneficial categories using Q-methodology. The self-management was assessed through a validated questionnaire. We used restricted cubic splines and linear regression models to model the relationships between time exposure and content exposure and the self-management, respectively.

RESULTS

Of 257 older adults with type 2 diabetes (median age 69 [65-72] years), 53.3% were women, the mean sum score of self-management was 35.7 (10.4). the median subjective time exposure was 120 (60-120) minutes, and 61.1% of them were exposed to hyperbeneficial content. There was an approximate L-shaped dextrorotatory relationship between time exposure and self-management, with a decline in self-management when time exposure surpassed 139.8 minutes daily. Exposure to hyperbeneficial content was positively associated with the overall self-management (B = 3.46, 95%CI 0.71 to 6.21). For participants exposure more than 139.8 minutes daily, this positive association remained robust (B = 7.27, 95%CI 1.54 to 13.00). In sub-dimensional analyses, hyperbeneficial content exposure was positively associated with general diet (B = 1.51, 95%CI 0.54 to 2.49), and blood-glucose testing (B = 1.31, 95%CI 0.25 to 2.38), respectively.

CONCLUSIONS

Social media exposure had two-sided effects on self-management of older adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus. The self-management declined when the daily time spent on social media exceeded 139.8 minutes. However, exposure to hyperbeneficial content contributed to better self-management of individuals, regardless of excessive time spent on social media. It is important to explore the potential of social media in empowering the self-management of older adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Active Video Games Training for older adults: a comparative study of User Experience, Workload, Pleasure and Intensity (Preprint)
Authors: Béraud-Peigné Néva , Perrot Alexandra , Maillot Pauline
Published: October 2024

BACKGROUND

Given the appeal of active video games (AVG), many tools are now being used for combined training in older adults. However, there is a lack of comparative data to determine which type of AVG is better suited to older adults.

OBJECTIVE

The purpose of this study was to compare User Experience (UX), workload, pleasure, and intensity of three different experiences: (a) an Immersive and Interactive Wall Exergame (I2WE), (b) a consumer device (SWITCH), and (c) a combination of video games and physical stimulation (biking and videogaming, BIKE-VG) for older adults. I2WE and SWITCH are categorized as Moving While Thinking training, meaning that the cognitive task is integrated into the motor/physical task. In contrast, BIKE-VG is categorized as Thinking While Moving training, where the cognitive and motor/physical tasks are not interconnected. The nature of the cognitive, physical, and/or motor combinations also differentiates them. I2WE is multi-domain training, while BIKE-VG is physical-cognitive training, and SWITCH is motor-cognitive training.

METHODS

Ninety older adults (mean age = 69.49 ± 5.78) were divided into three groups (I2WE, SWITCH, BIKE-VG). Each participant completed a 45-minute group session and then filled out questionnaires to evaluate UX, workload, pleasure, and intensity.

RESULTS

The UX was positive for I2WE and SWITCH, and neutral for BIKE-VG. It was higher for I2WE than for BIKE-VG (t(66) = 2.83, P = .02, d = 0.70, 95% CI 0.15 – 1.69). The workload was moderate across all three groups. The intensity was moderate for all groups, ranging between 50% and 70% of the maximum heart rate, and approached high intensity for the I2WE and SWITCH groups. It was significantly higher for I2WE than for BIKE-VG (t(66) = 2.86, P = .01, d = 0.70, 95% CI 1.04 – 11.43). The perceived pleasure was significantly higher for I2WE (t(66) = 3.63, P =.001, d = 0.90, 95% CI 2.74 – 13.23) and SWITCH (t(51) = 3.11, P = .01, d = 0.87, 95% CI 1.82 – 13.69) compared to BIKE-VG.

CONCLUSIONS

The UX and perceived enjoyment are higher for the Moving While Thinking trainings compared to the Thinking While Moving training. This indicates that the I2WE and SWITCH training approaches are promising and motivating options for combined training for older adults.

CLINICALTRIAL
Can LLMs serve in identifying fake Health Information: it depends on how and who you ask. (Preprint)
Authors: Bolduc Francois , singla Ashwani , Kaur Manpreet , Taesiri Mohammad Reza , Rubanarayana Keneizha , Dhankar Abhishek , Zaiane Osmar , Reformat Marek
Published: October 2024

UNSTRUCTURED

Misleading information has significant implications for society but can have disastrous impact for health matters. Transformative artificial intelligence (AI) tools such as large language models (LLMs) have the potential for limitless content generation (including fake), soon making internet information impossible to assess using traditional human approaches. We asked if the same LLMs (GPT4 and Gemini1-5-Pro) could be part of a more scalable solution. We tested 2 publicly available LLMs for their ability to identify misinformation in HealthReleases previously labeled by human experts. We found that simple prompts lead to overall low accuracy (F1 Macro 0,45 (GPT4) and 0,49 (Gemini1-5Pro)), but very different profiles for each LLM. Adding specific criteria used by experts to critically assess the Releases enhanced Gemini (0.66) but surprisingly reduced GPT4 (0,37) performances. We therefore developed a novel approach incorporating summaries of expert feedback into prompts and then observed major improvements in performance for both LLMs(GPT4;0.63 and Gemini1-5Pro; 0.96). Our study provides the first use case of LLMs as high throughput proofing of medical text, but more importantly provides insights into LLMs’ “truth biases”. We provide a novel paradigm integrating knowledge into the prompts which may reduce the need for LLM training, and the requirement for ever larger datasets and compute power. Importantly, we show how experts could and need to be involved in LLMs used to enhance their performance and potentially minimize the data wall issue.
Differential Analysis of Age, Gender, Race, Sentiment, and Emotion in Substance Use Discourse on Twitter during the COVID-19 Pandemic: An NLP Approach (Preprint)
Authors: Maharjan Julina , Jin Ruoming , King Jennifer , Zhu Jianfeng , Kenne Deric
Published: October 2024

BACKGROUND

User Demographics are often hidden in social media data due to privacy concerns. However, demographic information on Substance Use can provide valuable insights, allowing Public Health policymakers to focus on specific cohorts and develop efficient prevention strategies, especially during global crises like COVID-19.

OBJECTIVE

Our study aims to analyze Substance Use trends in User level across different demographic dimensions; such as Age, Gender and Race/Ethnicity, focusing on COVID-19 pandemic. The study also establishes a baseline for substance use trends using social media data.

METHODS

The study is carried out in large scale Twitter data in the English language over a 3 year period; 2019, 2020 and 2021, which comprises 1.05 billions of posts. Following preprocessing, the substance use posts were identified using our custom trained deep learning model (RoBERTa) that resulted in identification of 9 million Substance Use posts. Then, demographic attributes like User Type, Age, Gender, Race/Ethnicity, and Sentiment types, and emotions associated with each post were extracted via a collection of natural language processing modules. Finally, various qualitative analyses were performed to get the insight of user behaviors based on the demographics.

RESULTS

The highest level of usership in SU discussions was observed in 2020, with increases of 22.18% compared to 2019 and 25.24% compared to 2021. Throughout the study period, Male and Teenagers increasingly dominated the Substance Use discussions in all substances. During the pandemic, Prescription Medication among Female usership was observed high compared to other substances. Additionally, Alcohol usership increased by 80% within two weeks after the Global Pandemic declaration in 2020.

CONCLUSIONS

Our study presents a large-scale, fine-grained analysis of Substance Use on social media data by age, gender and race/ethnicity before, during, and after COVID-19 pandemic. Overall, our analysis from social media data provides a new baseline study for substance usage that can help in prevention of substance use in an efficient manner.
‘Somebody checking-in’: a qualitative study to develop a patient-centered digital healthcare technology for young adults in opioid use disorder treatment (Preprint)
Authors: Alexander Karen , Scialanca Madison
Published: October 2024

BACKGROUND

Young adults drop out of opioid use disorder treatment more often than older adults. Premature treatment drop-out substantially increases fatal overdose risk. Digital healthcare applications integrated within treatment can potentially engage young adults to self-monitor for drop-out risk factors.

OBJECTIVE

This pilot proof-of-concept study examined the feasibility, acceptability, and utility of a patient-centered digital healthcare technology, AWARE (Awareness and Response to the Environment), designed to bring attention to treatment drop-out risk factors.

METHODS

In this formative research, a convenience sample of young adults (n=3) in methadone treatment, their counselors (n=3), and clinic leadership (n=2) were recruited from an opioid treatment program and interviewed to obtain feedback as AWARE was developed. In 8 semi-structured interviews, perspectives regarding barriers to treatment for young adults and AWARE utility were obtained. Concurrently, three dyads of young adults (n=3) and counselors (n=3) piloted the intervention daily for 4 weeks.

RESULTS

Young adults and counselors found AWARE relevant to their treatment experience and acceptable to complete over 4 weeks. The most frequently reported daily stressors were ‘the health and well-being of a family member,’ ‘being organized,’ and ‘having too many things to do without help.’ In qualitative interviews, counselors and clinic leadership reported that AWARE presented a relevant, new way to engage young adults daily, in addition to weekly counseling sessions. Young adults felt that AWARE offered a type of social support they lacked, like ‘someone checking in on them’.

CONCLUSIONS

Overall, young adult and counselor participants were able to engage in AWARE in a busy clinic environment, and participants and clinic leadership found it valuable. Further research is needed to refine the measures and methods of AWARE and evaluate its effectiveness.

CLINICALTRIAL

N/A
Educational Diplomacy of Islamic Republic of Iran as the Soft Power Strategy in the Middle East
Authors: Baniadam Ismail , Zolghadr Malek , Paybandi Seyed Farshid Jafar
Published: October 2024

Nowadays, many countries are trying to increase their soft power authority using the university communication facilities. Educational exchanges and the creation of university branches in different parts of the world, especially in countries where there are common cultural fields, give these countries the opportunity to interact with elites and students expand their influence. The university sector, as the most important and effective branch in creating the future of a country, will have a great impact on understanding and cultural alignment between nations.In this regard, one of the important regions that have a lot of common cultural identity with the Islamic Republic of Iran is the Middle East region. This article aims to answer the question of how the Islamic Republic of Iran can use its academic capabilities as the educational diplomacy in order to promote its position as soft power in the Middle East. Accordingly, Iran can use the cultural capacities, the Persian language, the common background of civilization and the capability of its higher education, especially in the field of university exchanges to empower its soft power authority in the region.
Effect of Plant Growth Regulators on the Growth and Yield of Capsicum (Capsicum annuum L.)
Authors: Kaur Talvinder , Sharma Ashutosh , Sharma Sonika , Sharma Neha , Sharma Shivam
Published: October 2024

An experiment was conducted in the experimental Farm of DAV University, Jalandhar during kharif, 2023 to assess the combined effect of plant growth regulators and varieties on growth and yield of capsicum. The experiment comprised of four treatments of plant growth regulators, (G0 = No growth regulator (control), G1= GA3 @ 50 ppm, G2= SA @ 50 ppm, G3= MeJa @ 2mM) and three varieties (V1=PSM-1, V2= F1- hybrid, V3= Orobelle) was replicated thrice and laid out in Randomized Block Design. Among plant growth regulators, maximum growth and yield parameters were observed in GA3 @ 50 ppm. Among the varieties, V1= PSM-1 were recorded to be the best regarding growth and yield parameters. For combined effect, G1V1 gave the highest growth and yield and G0V3 gave the lowest growth and yield. The highest gross return, net returns and cost benefit ratio was significantly observed in T1 (GA3 @ 50ppm × PSM-1) following by in T5 (GA3 × F1- hybrid). So, 50 ppm GA3 may be used for capsicum cultivation.
PROPUESTA DE REFORMA A LA LEY GENERAL DE RESPONSABILIDADES ADMINISTRATIVAS
Authors: López Gómez Imelda
Published: October 2024

La Ley General de Responsabilidades Administrativas (LGRA) es clave dentro del Sistema Nacional Anticorrupción en México, cuyo objetivo es combatir la corrupción y fortalecer las instituciones. Sin embargo, presenta deficiencias que requieren reformas. Las propuestas de modificación incluyen la posibilidad de que la autoridad investigadora apele decisiones del Tribunal Federal de Justicia Administrativa (TFJA) que acrediten faltas graves pero no impongan sanciones, así como aclarar qué autoridad debe resolver en ciertos casos para eliminar ambigüedades jurídicas. Otras propuestas buscan mejorar la aplicación de medidas cautelares en la etapa de investigación y clarificar las reglas de prescripción para dar mayor certidumbre jurídica a los procedimientos administrativos. Estas reformas pretenden mejorar la efectividad de la LGRA en sancionar y prevenir actos de corrupción.
Hypersonic Flow past LD-Haack Series, Parabolic Series, Power Series Nose Cone: A Comparative Study
Authors: Tiwari Jayesh Anil
Published: October 2024

This research paper presents a detailed aerodynamic analysis of three rocket nose cone designs—LD-Haack, Parabolic, and Power Series—under hypersonic conditions ranging from Mach 5 to Mach 12. Using advanced Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) simulations in ANSYS Fluent, the study focuses on key aerodynamic parameters, including drag force, drag coefficient, velocity, pressure, and temperature distributions. The results indicate that the Parabolic Nose Cone offers the most favorable aerodynamic performance, with the lowest drag force and drag coefficient across all Mach numbers. This superior performance can be attributed to its ability to streamline airflow and minimize boundary layer separation, effectively reducing pressure drag and limiting the onset of turbulent wake regions. In contrast, the LD-Haack Series Nose Cone, though designed to minimize wave drag at supersonic speeds, shows moderate drag at hypersonic velocities due to its less optimal control of boundary layer behavior. The Power Series Nose Cone, despite its highly tapered shape, experiences the highest drag. This is largely caused by increased flow separation and turbulent wake generation, which exacerbate pressure drag, particularly at higher Mach numbers. These findings highlight the critical influence of nose cone geometry on aerodynamic efficiency and emphasize the importance of optimizing designs for hypersonic applications. This study provides valuable insights for aerospace engineers seeking to reduce drag and improve performance in high-speed flight scenarios.
Review Paper on AI Chatbot for Mental Health Support
Authors: Shegekar Gaurav Rajendra , Gajbhiye Srushti Rajendra , Bhosale Gajshri Satyawan , Adikane Shilpa Suryabhan
Published: October 2024

Abstract: The rise of mental health concerns globally has prompted the exploration of innovative solutions to support individuals in need of emotional care. One promising development is the use of mental health chatbots, which leverage advancements in natural language processing (NLP), artificial intelligence (AI), and sentiment analysis to offer immediate, accessible, and personalized psychological support. This review paper examines the current landscape of mental health chatbots, evaluating their design, functionality, and effectiveness in providing mental health interventions. The paper discusses the integration of AI techniques like emotion recognition and cognitivebehavioral therapy (CBT) frameworks to assess the emotional state of users, offer guidance, and recommend coping mechanisms. Key challenges such as privacy concerns, ethical implications, and the need for human oversight are also addressed. By reviewing case studies and empirical evidence, this paper highlights both the potential and limitations of mental health chatbots in supplementing traditional therapeutic practices. The review concludes with recommendations for enhancing chatbot efficiency, user engagement, and the overall effectiveness of AI-driven mental health solutions.
Capacitated Location Allocation Problem of Solar Power Generation in Indonesia using Particle Swarm Optimization
Authors: Astungkatara Arya Wijna , Fath Hamzah , Putri Oktaviana , Yana Anak Agung Istri Anindita Nanda , Normasari Nur Mayke Eka , Oktavia Andiny Trie , Rifai Achmad Pratama
Published: October 2024

Indonesia has abundant potential for solar energy. The decrease in the cost of solar power generation components can bolster the development of solar power plants. Due to its geographical characteristics, it is essential to analyze the feasibility of using solar power plants as a primary renewable energy source in Indonesia, especially in Sumatra Island. One of the critical aspects of developing solar power plants is determining the suitable location of the power plant and allocating the electricity generated to the regions. Therefore, this study considers the Capacitated Location Allocation Problem (CLAP) to determine the optimal placement of solar power plants on Sumatra Island to minimize investment and transmission costs. To address the problem, we explore three metaheuristics, namely Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO), Simulated Annealing (SA), and Large Neighborhood Search (LNS). The results obtained by these metaheuristic methods show significant differences in cost, with SA providing the best solution with the lowest cost. The investment and transmission cost can be minimized by solving the CLAP to obtain optimal solar power plant placement while enhancing the region's resilience in implementing distributed generation.