bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
After Rana Plaza: Governing Exploitative Workplace Labour Regimes in Bangladeshi Garment Export Factories
Authors: Frenkel Stephen J , Rahman Shahidur , Rahman Kazi Mahmudur
Published: January 2022

In 2013, the Rana Plaza disaster highlighted the highly exploitative conditions of the global garment supply chain centred on Bangladesh. Global lead firms and other stakeholders responded by reforming the labour governance system comprising public and private regulations. How can the effects of this new multi-level governance system on worker outcomes (wages, working conditions and workers’ rights) be conceptualized and explained? Using an inter-disciplinary framework integrating an industrial relations/sociology perspective and a global production network approach, we show how workplace relations (structural and relational workplace characteristics) mediate the relationship between the labour governance system and worker outcomes. A mixed methods research design that includes a factory management survey and case studies enables us to identify and analyse two predominant types of workplace labour regimes associated with different patterns of worker outcomes (procedural and substantive employment conditions). Referred to as the hardship and sweatshop regimes, respectively, these differ in the extent to which workers are exploited. With the emergence of the Covid-19 pandemic, we discuss the possibility that modern slavery, the worst form of worker exploitation, is emerging. The paper concludes by briefly considering several research and practical implications of our analysis.
“Death and Love Amid the COVID-19 Pandemic”: Effects of Pathogen Threats on Online Dating and Social Distancing From Life-History Strategy Perspectives
Authors: Jin Seunga Venus , Ryu Ehri , Muqaddam Aziz
Published: January 2022

Drawing from the terror management theory (TMT) and evolutionary perspectives of Life-History Strategy, a between-subject online experiment examined the interaction effects of pre-existing death anxiety, fear-inducing media content (coronavirus threat vs. gun violence threat vs. low threat mental disorder), and intrasexual competition for mates on online dating intentions and social distancing intentions during the COVID-19 pandemic. Results indicate the interaction effects of participants’ pre-experimental death anxiety and different types of fear-inducing media content on perceived fear and intention to use online dating websites/apps as well as the interaction effects of pre-experimental intrasexual competitiveness and fear-inducing media content on social distancing intention in the context of online dating. Theoretical contributions to the terror management literature and practical implications for the online dating industry are discussed.
Study on the influence mechanism of air leakage on gas extraction in extraction boreholes
Authors: Zhang Xuebo , Gao Jianliang , Jia Gaini , Zhang Junwei
Published: January 2022

Borehole leakage is an important cause of gas extraction failure. In order to study the influence mechanism of borehole leakage on gas extraction, the borehole air leakage mode was studied, and a mathematical model was established to describe the borehole air leakage of the gas extraction. In addition, this paper also analyzed the change rules of borehole air leakage and gas extraction effect at different borehole sealing depth, negative extraction pressure, degree of fracture development and borehole sealing quality. Research shows that: (1) The hole sealing depth has a certain influence on the borehole air leakage and the gas extraction effect. As the hole sealing depth increased, the borehole air leakage gradually decreased. Moreover, the net amount of gas extraction gradually decreased, but the gas extraction concentration increased to some extent, and the increasing range gradually decreased. The reasonable sealing depth of this coal seam was 9∼10 m. (2) The negative pressure of borehole extraction has little influence on borehole air leakage and gas extraction. With the increase of the negative extraction pressure, the gas extraction net amount and borehole air leakage both increased, but the gas extraction concentration decreased. In the later stage of the gas extraction, the negative pressure can be properly reduced to improve the gas extraction effect. (3) The borehole sealing quality has a great influence on the borehole air leakage and gas extraction effect. With the improvement of the sealing quality, the coal-rock permeability gradually decreased. Moreover, the borehole air leakage significantly reduced, and the gas extraction concentration increased significantly. Therefore, attention should be paid to the selection and improvement of sealing materials and sealing techniques in the actual production so that the airtightness and sealing quality of the hole sealing section can be improved.
Impact of Delay on Hospitalization in Older Patients With Head and Neck Cancer: A Multicenter Study
Authors: Schoonbeek Rosanne C. , Festen Suzanne , Rashid Roza , van Dijk Boukje A.C. , Halmos György B. , van der Velden Lilly‐Ann
Published: January 2022

Objective

To assess the impact of delay in treatment initiation on hospitalization, overall survival, and recurrence in older patients with head and neck cancer (HNC).

Study Design

Retrospective multicenter study.

Setting

Two tertiary referral centers.

Methods

All patients with newly diagnosed HNC (≥60 years) treated between 2015 and 2017 were retrospectively included. Time‐to‐treatment intervals were assessed (ie, calendar days between first visit and start of treatment). Multiple multivariable models were performed with hospital admission days (>14 days), survival, and recurrence as dependent outcome variables.

Results

In total, 525 patients were enrolled. The mean age was 70.7 years and 70.7% were male. Median time to treatment was 34.0 days, and 36.3% started treatment within 30 days (P =. 576 between centers). Patients with radiotherapy had longer time to treatment than surgical patients (39.0 vs 29.0 days, P <. 001). Current smoking status, stage IV tumors, and definitive radiotherapy were significantly associated with delay in the multivariable analysis. Time‐to‐treatment interval ≥30 days was a significant predictor of longer hospital admission (>14 days) in the first year after treatment in an adjusted model (odds ratio, 4.66 [95% CI, 2.59‐8.37]; P <. 001). Delay in treatment initiation was not associated with overall survival or tumor recurrence.

Conclusion

This study highlights the importance and challenges of ensuring timely treatment initiation in older patients with HNC, as treatment delay was an independent predictor of hospitalization. During oncologic workup, taking time to consider patient‐centered outcomes (including minimizing time spent in hospital) while ensuring timely start of treatment requires well‐structured, fast‐track care pathways.
Community radio acceptance in rural Africa: The nexus of language and cultural affinity
Authors: Onyenankeya K , Salawu A
Published: January 2022

Community radio has gained traction with the grassroots in South Africa, especially subaltern groups excluded from the public sphere during the colonial and apartheid years. This paper argues that rural audience acceptance of and participation in community radio is closely associated with indigenous language, which invokes cultural affinity. The paper used a qualitative methodology within the framework of the theories of cultural affinity to interrogate community radio listeners in Northwest Province, South Africa, looking at how local languages might influence listeners’ preferences and interactions with the stations. The results suggest language was essential for listening in and participating in community radio programmes among those interviewed. Community radio provides listeners with the outlet, social and linguistic resources to evoke and express their cultural heritage and participate in national dialogues. It also offers subordinated communities the opportunity to deconstruct dominant frames of reference and representations of themselves and others.
A Systematic Literature Review of Health Utility Values in Breast Cancer
Authors: Kaur Manraj N. , Yan Jiajun , Klassen Anne F. , David Justin P. , Pieris Dilshan , Sharma Manraj , Bordeleau Louise , Xie Feng
Published: January 2022

Background

Health utility values (HUVs) are important inputs to the cost-utility analysis of breast cancer interventions.

Purpose

Provide a catalog of breast cancer–related published HUVs across different stages of breast cancer and treatment interventions.

Data Sources

Systematic searches of MEDLINE, MEDLINE In-Process, EMBASE, Web of Science, CINAHL, PsycINFO, EconLit, and Cochrane databases (2005–2017).

Study Selection

Studies published in English that reported mean or median HUVs using direct or indirect methods of utility elicitation for breast cancer.

Data Extraction

Independent reviewers extracted data on a preestablished and piloted form; disagreements were resolved through discussion.

Data Analysis

Mixed-effects meta-regression using restricted maximum likelihood modeling was conducted for intervention type, stage of breast cancer, and typical clinical and treatment trajectory of breast cancer patients to assess the effect of study characteristics (i.e., sample size, utility elicitation method, and respondent type) on HUVs.

Data Synthesis

Seventy-nine studies were included in the review. Most articles ( n = 52, 66%) derived HUVs using the EQ-5D. Patients with advanced-stage breast cancer (range, 0.08 to 0.82) reported lower HUVs as compared with patients with early-stage breast cancer (range, 0.58 to 0.99). The meta-regression analysis found that undergoing chemotherapy and surgery and radiation, being diagnosed with an advanced stage of breast cancer, and recurrent cancer were associated with lower HUVs. The members of the general public reported lower HUVs as compared with patients.

Limitations

There was considerable heterogeneity in the study population, health states assessed, and utility elicitation methods.

Conclusion

This review provides a catalog of published HUVs related to breast cancer. The substantial heterogeneity in the health utility studies makes it challenging for researchers to choose which HUVs to use in cost-utility analyses for breast cancer interventions.
The complementarity of control formalization and control flexibility: The contingent effects of competitive turbulence
Authors: Yang Feifei , Shinkle George A , Goudsmit Mirjam
Published: January 2022

We examine how the complementarity of control formalization and control flexibility influences organizational performance across contexts of varying competitive turbulence. We build contingency arguments anchored in the efficiency logic of control theory and investigate both the restrictive and facilitative views of control formalization. Our empirical evidence is based on a survey of top executives from 536 organizations across the United States, Australia, China, and Israel. We find that control formalization and control flexibility are complementary in environments of low competitive turbulence. With increasing turbulence, the complementarity diminishes and shifts toward substitutive effects.

JEL Classification: L2
Online Platform for Matching and Trading Shares of Autonomous Vehicles
Authors: Allahviranloo Mahdieh , Bouyeure Coline
Published: January 2022

In this paper, an online platform for a system of shared autonomous vehicles (AVs) is designed and tested. A model of fractional ownership among different households is presented, and a one-sided many-to-many matching problem between households and vehicles is solved. Preferences over vehicles, demographics of other co-owners, and weekly activity patterns of households are key factors taken into account in the matching process. In the designed platform, co-owners of each vehicle can reserve the vehicle in advance and can trade the reserved time with the other co-owners if the vehicle is no longer needed. Real-time submission of requests can also be accommodated through a trading mechanism among co-owners. The proposed architecture of the platform consists of three main components: ( i) a web-based user interface, ( ii) database, and ( iii) backend computation. The platform was tested using data collected from 15 households, who entered their trips and trading requests into the system.
Factors Affecting Driving Cessation of Older Adults and Their Satisfaction with Mobility Options
Authors: Hassan Hany M. , Lauzon Matthew R. , Byrne Kassandra , Ferguson Mark R. , Newbold Bruce , Vrkljan Brenda , Razavi Saiedeh
Published: January 2022

Out-of-home mobility has been identified as essential for older adults to access activities in their community that keep them healthy and well. As individuals grow older, they are more likely to experience medical conditions and other health-related changes that can affect their ability to drive. Balancing older peoples’ continued mobility against their own and others’ safety has been always a challenge. Therefore, it is important to understand elderly people’s everyday mobility issues and challenges/factors associated with driving cessation. This paper aims to identify and quantify factors contributing to older adults’ satisfaction with their everyday mobility using ordered probit (OP) modeling. Its underlying objective is to provide better understanding of factors that may influence older adults to stop driving. The data used in the analysis was obtained through an online survey of 1,000 Canadians aged 65+. The results of the OP model indicate that several factors affect older adults’ satisfaction with their everyday mobility including driving a car to reach destinations, ability to drive alone (without help from others), experiencing difficulties/challenges with driving, having a physical health issue restricting the ability to walk, fear of falling while walking, and inability to visit local places as often as desirable. The findings also suggest that factors influencing older drivers’ decisions to retire from driving (for those already retired from driving) are different from those perceived by people still driving. The study’s results provide insights about policies and countermeasures that can be implemented to improve the safety and mobility of the aging population.
Advantages of 3–dimensional Measurements for Supraspinatus Intramuscular Fatty Evaluation in Patients With Medium to Massive Rotator Cuff Tears: Comparison With a Single Sagittal Slice
Authors: Liu Beibei , Xu Junjie , Jin Yuchen , Su Wei , Zhang Xiuyuan , Qiao Yi , Yu Weibin , Cheng Lude , Zhao Jinzhong , Li Yuehua
Published: January 2022

Background:

Fatty infiltration of the rotator cuff muscles is highly related to poor outcomes after rotator cuff tears. Fat fraction (FF) based on traditional 2–dimensional measurements (2D-FF) from a single sagittal Y-view slice cannot determine intramuscular FF in the rotator cuff muscles; the newly developed 3–dimensional method (3D-FF) is supposed to precede 2D measurements for intramuscular FF evaluation in accuracy and reliability.

Purpose:

(1) To measure 3D-FF and (2) to compare 3D-FF and 2D-FF in terms of quantitative values and intra- and interobserver agreement.

Study Design:

Cohort study (diagnosis); Level of evidence, 2.

Methods:

Six-point Dixon magnetic resonance imaging was performed in patients with full–thickness supraspinatus tears. 2D-FF was calculated on a single sagittal Y-view. Semiautomatic segmentation software (ITK-SNAP) was used to reconstruct 3D volumes of the supraspinatus muscle and fat. 3D-FF was obtained by dividing the fat volume by the total volume of the supraspinatus muscle. A paired t test was used to compare the individual differences between 2D-FF and 3D-FF results. Linear regression and Bland-Altman analyses were performed to determine the agreement between 2D-FF and 3D-FF. Intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs) were calculated to determine intra- and interobserver agreement.

Results:

The 3D muscular and fatty models presented an inhomogeneous distribution of intramuscular fat in the supraspinatus, indicating the superiority of 3D-FF over 2D-FF in capturing all muscle morphologic information. 2D-FF was significantly higher than 3D-FF in the supraspinatus with large (19.5% ± 5.9% vs 16.2% ± 3.7%; P = .002) and massive (34.8% ± 13.3% vs 26.2% ± 9.4%; P < .001) rotator cuff tears. 2D-FF overestimated the FF compared with 3D-FF by >50% in 14.7% of all patients and by >15% in 67.6% of patients with large or massive RCTs. The discrepancy between 2D-FF and 3D-FF increased with increasing mean FF. The intra- and interobserver agreement of 3D-FF (ICCs, 0.89-0.99 and 0.89-0.95) was superior to that of 2D-FF (ICCs, 0.71-0.95 and 0.64-0.79).

Conclusion:

3D-FF indicated an inhomogeneous distribution of intramuscular fat by capturing all muscle and fat morphologic information. In patients with large and massive rotator cuff tears, 2D-FF of the supraspinatus was significantly higher than 3D-FF. 3D-FF was more reliable than 2D-FF for estimating fatty infiltration in the supraspinatus, with better intra- and interobserver agreement.
Association of Sex Mismatch Between Donor and Recipient With Graft Survivorship at 5 Years After Osteochondral Allograft Transplantation
Authors: Merkely Gergo , Farina Evan M. , Leite Chilan B.G. , Ackermann Jakob , Görtz Simon , Lattermann Christian , Gomoll Andreas H.
Published: January 2022

Background:

Sex mismatch between donor and recipient has been considered a potential contributor to adverse outcomes after solid organ transplantation. However, the influence of sex mismatching in osteochondral allograft (OCA) transplantation has yet to be determined.

Purpose:

To evaluate whether donor-recipient sex mismatching affects graft survival after OCA transplantation.

Study Design:

Cohort study; Level of evidence, 3.

Methods:

In this review of prospectively collected data, patients who underwent OCA transplantation between November 2013 and November 2017 by a single surgeon were analyzed. Cumulative survival was assessed via the Kaplan-Meier method using log-rank tests to compare patients with similar donor groups. Multivariable Cox regression analysis adjusted for patient age, graft size, and body mass index was used to evaluate the influence of donor-recipient sex on graft survival.

Results:

A total of 154 patients were included: 102 (66.2%) who received OCAs from a same-sex donor and 52 (33.8%) who received OCAs from a different-sex donor. At 5-year follow-up, a significantly lower graft survival rate was observed for different-sex donor transplantation in comparison with same-sex donorship (63% vs 92%; P = .01). When correcting for age, graft size, and body mass index, donor-recipient sex-mismatch transplantation demonstrated a 2.9-times greater likelihood to fail at 5 years compared with donor-recipient same-sex transplantation (95% CI, 1.11-7.44; P = .03). A subgroup analysis showed no significant difference in graft survival between the female-to-female and female-to-male groups (91% and 84%, respectively). Conversely, male-to-male transplantation demonstrated a significantly higher cumulative 5-year survival (94%; P = .04), whereas lower survival was found with male-to-female donorship (64%; P = .04). Multivariable Cox regression indicated a 2.6-times higher likelihood of failure for the male-to-female group in comparison with the other groups (95% CI, 1.03-6.69; P = .04). Male-to-male transplantation had a tendency toward decreased likelihood of OCA failure (hazard ratio, 0.33), although without statistical significance (95% CI, 0.11-1.01; P = .052).

Conclusion:

Mismatch between donor and recipient sex had a negative effect on OCA survival after transplantation, particularly in those cases when male donor tissue was transplanted into a female recipient.
Palliative Radiotherapy for Esophageal and Gastric Cancer: Population-Based Patterns of Utilization and Outcomes in Ontario, Canada
Authors: Merchant Shaila J. , Kong Weidong , Mahmud Aamer , Booth Christopher M. , Hanna Timothy P.
Published: January 2022

Objective

Patients with incurable esophageal and gastric cancer may develop local symptoms for which palliative radiotherapy (PRT) may be considered. We sought to evaluate patterns in utilization and outcomes of patients receiving PRT for incurable esophageal and gastric cancer in Ontario, Canada using health administrative data.

Methods

Linked health administrative databases were used to identify patients receiving PRT for incurable esophageal and gastric cancer. Primary outcomes were utilization and delivery of PRT, utilization of endoscopic dilation with or without stent insertion after completion of PRT and survival from 1) date of diagnosis and 2) start of PRT.

Results

We identified 2500 patients who received PRT. Mean age was 70 ± 13 years and the majority (75%, n = 1873/2500) were male. Over half of the patients had a diagnosis of gastric cancer (58%, n = 1453/2500) and began PRT within 6 months of cancer diagnosis (85%, n = 2125/2500). Of the 2500 patients in the cohort, 2174 patients received EBRT with few receiving brachytherapy ( n = 326) or EBRT and brachytherapy combined ( n = 88). Over the study period, there was an increase in the number of patients receiving PRT (136 in 2007 to 290 in 2016), as well as in the use of advanced conformal radiotherapy techniques. Only 5% (115/2500) required dilation with or without stent insertion after completion of PRT. Median overall and cancer-specific survival of the cohort was 205 days and 209 days from date of diagnosis and 108 days and 110 days from start of PRT.

Conclusions

PRT is an important treatment for patients with incurable esophageal and gastric cancer who present with local symptoms. Utilization of PRT and advanced EBRT techniques increased over the study period. Few patients require endoscopic dilation with or without stent insertion after completion of PRT suggesting that PRT provides favorable symptom control.
Elevated serum free IL-18 in neuropsychiatric systemic lupus erythematosus patients with seizure disorders
Authors: Liang Renge , Zheng Lijuan , Ji Tingting , Zheng Jiaman , Liu Jiayi , Yuan Chao , Huang Qin , Yang Min
Published: January 2022

Background

Since dysregulation of total Interleukin (IL)-18 and IL-18 binding protein (IL-18BP) may participate in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and contribute to the occurrence of non-autoimmune epilepsy, the aim of the current work is to investigate whether the interaction between IL-18 and IL-18BP plays any role in neuropsychiatric systemic lupus erythematosus related seizures.

Methods

Data from 137 SLE patients and 30 healthy controls (HC) were consecutively collected from 2020 to 2021. Serum levels of total IL-18 and IL-18BP for all patients and HC were measured by ELISA test. Free IL-18 was calculated based on the law of mass action.

Results

Among the 137 SLE patients, 103 had active disease and were classified into NPSLE ( n = 50) and Non-NPSLE ( n = 53) groups. Among the NPSLE patients, 16 had seizure disorders. Serum free IL-18 levels were increased in NPSLE (277.6 [150.9–428.8]pg/mL) and were correlated with disease activity (r = 0.268, p = 0.002). Moreover, serum free IL-18 levels in NPSLE patients with seizure disorders (350.9 [237.9–455.9]pg/mL) were significantly higher than the levels in those with other neuropsychiatric symptoms (237.7 [124.6–428.8] pg/mL).

Conclusions

The expression of free IL-18 was increased in neuropsychiatric systemic lupus erythematosus(NPSLE), especially in NPSLE related seizures. Also, serum levels of free IL-18 were significantly increased in active SLE patients. In this regard, free IL-18 may be involved in the pathogenesis of NPSLE related seizures and associated with disease activity.
The Physician and End-of-Life Spiritual Care: The PALliatiVE Approach
Authors: Antunes Maria Leonor , Reis-Pina Paulo
Published: January 2022

Spiritual care is universally acknowledged as a cornerstone of palliative care, yet most healthcare professionals find it difficult to address. The present work aims to provide a simple educational tool that may help physicians address spirituality in their clinical practice. We found articles written in both Portuguese and English through PubMed, using the combination of MeSH terms: “Spirituality” and “Palliative Care.” The research was complemented by relevant monographs previously known to the authors, consultation of selected references of the main bibliography, and interviews to an experienced spiritual care provider. In order to help physicians to incorporate spiritual care in their clinical practice, a flexible yet standardized approach is long overdue. This is the aim of the PALliatiVE approach, which compiles the literature in a set of 5 attitudes that may aid the clinician in the delivery of spiritual care: Prepare (P), Ask (A), Listen (L), Validate (V), and consult an Expert (E). This approach is based on a synthesis of a broad literature review, which motivated the five-layered approach. There is a significant literature coverage supporting each attitude of this five-layered approach, including at least one randomized control trial or systematic review per attitude. Though still requiring external validation, the PALliatiVE approach can be a guide to the physician on how to provide spiritual care, a practice rooted in compassion and in simply being- with the one who suffers.
Development of Culturally Responsive Leadership via Study Abroad: Findings From a Six-Year Case Study
Authors: Hur Jung Won
Published: January 2022

The purpose of this study was to examine how a study-abroad learning experience helped school administrators grow as culturally responsive school leaders. In order to help school administrators better understand the culture of increasing number of Korean students in the southeastern part of the United States, a study-abroad program has been offered for the past 6 years. Various qualitative data were collected to explore participants’ learning experiences, including statements of application, focus group interviews, reflections, and post-interviews. The findings demonstrated that the foreign learning experience helped participants better understand the challenges that immigrant families undergo and motivated them to create a welcoming school environment for immigrant families. The experience also helped them reflect on their students and school practice and encouraged them to plan new initiatives.
Optimization of tribological parameters to enhance wear and friction properties of Ti6Al4V alloy using Taguchi method
Authors: Sreesha Rakshith B , Chandraker Saurabh , Kumar Deepak
Published: January 2022

The present study is an endeavor to investigate the wear and friction behavior of Ti6Al4V against alumina (Al2O3) using a pin-on-disc tribometer at room temperature. The tests were performed for a given range of loads (10–90 N) and sliding velocities (0.5–4 m/s) for a sliding distance of 3000 m. The wear rate increased continuously with load and showed transition behavior with respect to the sliding velocity. Minimum friction was observed at the intermediate sliding velocities. Using the Taguchi tool, it was found that the load influenced the wear rate more significantly than the sliding velocity and the behavior was the opposite for the coefficient of friction. A wear model was predicted using regression, and subsequent confirmatory tests were carried out to validate the same. The ex-situ characterization of both worn-out surfaces and wear debris was conducted using Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) along with the Energy Dispersion Spectroscopy (EDS) to study the surface morphology and level of oxidation, respectively. The wear mechanism was found to be a combination of adhesion, abrasion, oxidation, and delamination wear. The distinct lower wear rates at higher loads and velocities were attributed to the formation of Ti8O15 revealed by the X-ray diffraction (XRD) study.
Assessment of anxiety in Mexican persons living with HIV using a culturally-adapted version of the GAD-7 test
Authors: Gutiérrez-Velilla Ester , Barrientos-Casarrubias Vania , Cruz-Maycott Rosa , Perrusquia-Ortiz Lydia E. , Alvarado-de la Barrera Claudia , Ávila-Ríos Santiago , Caballero-Suárez Nancy Patricia
Published: January 2022

Our aim was to assess the severity of anxiety in PLWHA in Mexico City and obtain the psychometric properties of the culturally-adapted Spanish version of GAD-7. Thirteen percent of participants presented moderate to severe symptoms. Reliability (α = 0.82) and construct validity (single-factor explained 48.9% of variance) were evaluated in 411 participants. Confirmatory Factor Analysis was performed in a second sample of 527 participants. Model fit adequately (CFI = 0.991; CMIN/DF = 1.924; RMSEA = 0.042; and SRMR = 0.026). The adapted version of GAD-7 was adequate for the assessment of anxiety in Mexican PLWHA.
Revisiting police reform: Rank-Neutral Space as resistance and conformity
Authors: Davis Claire
Published: January 2022

The contemporary policing landscape is challenging traditional, hierarchical working arrangements as the police respond to new and more complex demands. Scholars have long recognized police occupational culture as a barrier to organizational change. Rank-centric cultural conventions conflict with alternative, democratic forms of working. This article introduces the concept of Rank-Neutral Space to describe an emerging practice where police officers navigate the hierarchical-laden culture to bring about change. In theorizing Rank-Neutral Space, I bring together perspectives from the sociology of space and findings from a qualitative study of police leadership, to define the space as a site of resistance and conformity, to capture the complexity of reform in the police as both processes of change and continuity.
Improving the mechanical performance and impact damage tolerance of glass composite laminates via multi-scales of hybridisation
Authors: Dalfi Hussein
Published: January 2022

The glass fabric composite laminates are widely used in the various applications compared to the non-crimp cross-ply laminates due to their high fracture toughness and better impact damage tolerance. However, their in-plane properties are limited owing to the interlacements of their warps and wefts. In this regard, an experimental investigation of the multi-scales hybridisation (i.e. yarns-hybridisation and hybrid layers methods) for improving the mechanical performance, and impact damage tolerance of continuous glass fibre-epoxy composite laminates has been presented. The two types of composite laminates that have intra yarns (i.e. hybrid yarns) and inter-ply (i.e. hybrid layers) with multi-stacking sequence were manufactured via vacuum infusion process and then compared with 2D hybrid fabrics and glass cross-ply composite laminates with respect to in-plane properties and impact damage tolerance respectively. The tensile strength properties and the low-velocity impact response of all laminates were identified by using tensile strength and drop-weight impact tests at different energy levels. The impact damage tolerance was studied by using compression-after-impact (CAI) strength tests, measuring the residual compressive strength of the damaged laminates. The damage characterisation based on impact and compression, and compression after impact was also examined using scanning electronic microscopy (SEM). The outcome of this investigation demonstrated that the intra- and inter-ply hybrid composite laminates showed higher tensile strength and modulus of elasticity, compared to hybrid fabric composites. Moreover, the impact damage tolerances of intra- and inter-ply hybrid laminates were found to be slightly higher than the non-crimp cross-ply glass laminates for certain-impact energy levels.
Health Care Providers Views on Identifying and Responding to South Asian Women Experiencing Family Violence: A Qualitative Meta Synthesis
Authors: Baloch Surriya , Hameed Mohajer , Hegarty Kelsey
Published: January 2022

Family violence (FV) is a universal public health problem in South Asia with negative-health outcomes for South Asian women. Health care providers (HCPs) play a pivotal role in identifying and supporting women experiencing FV, but little is known about their experiences with South Asian women. A systematic review was conducted to explore and address health care providers’ views on identification and response to South Asian women experiencing FV. Nine online databases, reference lists were searched, and a priori inclusion and exclusion criteria were applied independently by two reviewers. A meta-synthesis approach was utilized to integrate findings from qualitative studies. Eight studies involving 250 participants met the inclusion criteria. Studies were published between 2007 and 2020 within South Asian countries (Pakistan, India, and Sri Lanka) and one study from the USA and UK. The meta-synthesis identified three themes: Context of societal norms and attitudes towards women in South Asia; Influence of family honor, Privacy and shame; and Concern about health care provider’s personal safety. Findings revealed that FV is often perceived as a normal routine issue and is considered a “private issue” in South Asian society. Family honor and values play a pivotal role in silencing women experiencing FV as disclosure is considered shameful and disgrace to family honor. Furthermore, health care providers avoid intervening in FV cases due to risk for their personal safety. Finally, this review provides the evidence to support a specific framework for FV interventions among south Asian women for policy makers and practitioners.
Exploratory Evaluation of Inclusion Wheel Model for Public Health Practice to Include People With Disabilities: Implications for Leadership and Training to Serve the Whole Community
Authors: Griffen Adriane K.
Published: January 2022

Background

This study evaluated the presence of the Inclusion Wheel Model’s factors and conditions across programs on a variety of public health topics, in which people with disabilities were intentionally included.

Purpose

We used an action research approach to facilitate three learning groups and two communities of practice, including participants from the national disability community, nonprofit, university, and government public health partners.

Method

We conducted a qualitative analysis using virtual meetings, meeting notes, and the series of feedback surveys as data sources. A primary coder and secondary coder reviewed, coded, and analyzed each data source according to preset coding schemes, using a previously developed codebook based on the Model. All supports and factors of the Inclusion Wheel were identified, including adaptive leadership supports, readiness for the change of including people with disabilities in public health efforts, capacity building activities, and capacity efforts across settings and topics.

Conclusion

This examination has critical implications for public health trainers, leaders, and program designers on the inclusion of people with disabilities and other underserved populations in health promotion efforts. Public health practitioners must serve the whole community, including underserved and marginalized demographic groups, like the one in four Americans living with a disability. The Inclusion Wheel may be used as a model to guide disability inclusion training among public health partners and leaders in nonprofit, corporate, and government sectors, as well as to prioritize involvement of marginalized and underserved population groups in planning health promotion efforts.
Survival and functional outcome following endovascular thrombectomy for anterior circulation acute ischemic stroke caused by large vessel occlusion in Sweden 2017–2019–a nationwide, prospective, observational study
Authors: Ullberg Teresa , von Euler Mia , Wassélius Johan , Wester Per , Arnberg Fabian
Published: January 2022

Background

Endovascular thrombectomy (EVT) is standard of care for anterior circulation acute ischemic stroke (AIS) caused by large vessel occlusion (LVO), but data on nationwide performance in routine healthcare are sparse. The study aims were to describe EVT patients with LVO AIS, analyze mortality and functional outcome, and compare results with randomized controlled trials (RCTs).

Methods

Data from the Riksstroke and the Swedish Endovascular Treatment of Acute Stroke Registry (RSEVAS) on pre-stroke independent patients, with LVO AIS in 2017–2019, defined as occlusion of the intracranial internal carotid artery, or the M1 or M2 segments of the middle cerebral artery, and groin puncture <6 h of onset, were compared to aggregated HERMES collaboration RCT data. We assessed 90-day survival and function, defined by the modified Rankin Scale. Specific analyzes were stratified by occlusion location.

Results

In all, 1011/2560 of RSEVAS patients matched RCT inclusion criteria. Compared with RCT data, patients were older (73 vs. 68), fewer received intravenous thrombolysis (63.1% vs. 83%), and M2 occlusions were more common (24.5% vs. 8%). 90-day survival in RSEVAS was 85.3%, 42.8% achieved good outcome and 5% had symptomatic intracerebral hemorrhage (sICH). Corresponding outcomes in RCT data were 84.7% survival, 46% good outcome, and 4.4% sICH. Functional outcome was most favorable following M2 occlusions.

Conclusions

EVT patients from our large real-world national dataset differed from RCT patients in several baseline factors including distribution of vascular occlusion site. However, the overall outcome of EVT in our Swedish cohort appeared to well match the pivotal trial findings.
Experimental investigation on thermophysical properties of iobiofluids
Authors: Radojčin Milivoj , Bikić Siniša , Pavkov Ivan , Bukurov Maša , Despotović Bojana , Stamenković Zoran , Oluški Nikola
Published: January 2022

The aim of this research was to investigate the density, thermal conductivity, and viscosity of dispersions of agricultural biomass particles in ionic liquid [HMIM][NTf2] used as a base fluid. This research is a continuation of the development of IoBioFluids, a new class of dispersions obtained by suspending particles produced from agricultural biomass, as a sustainable alternative to IoNanoFluids. Dispersions with different mass concentration of particles (0, 0.5, 1, 2.5, and 5 wt%) were studied at different temperatures (20°C, 30°C, 40°C, and 50°C). Agricultural biomass, namely sunflower stalks, was used for particle production. The dispersion was prepared by applying the commonly used two-step method. In the first step, particles were produced as dry powder from hydrothermal carbonization and heat treatment in the inert atmosphere oven. In the second step, the particles were dispersed into ionic liquid. A rheological investigation showed that dispersions exhibited Newtonian behavior for shear rates over 10 s−1. Density, thermal conductivity, and dynamic viscosity of dispersions increased with greater mass concentration of particles. Two applied merit criteria suggested a lack of any currently benefit of using the dispersions for heat transfer in the laminar flow regime due to high viscosity of dispersion. The results of criterial analysis showed that experimental data are relatively close to the limit values. Indications are suggesting the possibility of further improvement of IoBioFluid properties as a new heat transfer fluid.
Healthcare professional students’ perceptions of supporting patient self-management: A mixed method study
Authors: Gudgeon Michael , Wilkinson Amanda , Hale Leigh
Published: January 2022

Objectives

Individuals self-manage chronic illnesses daily with episodic support provided by healthcare professionals. Learning about supporting self-management should be part of healthcare professional student programme curricular and training. However, little is known about the perceptions and attitudes students hold about supporting patient self-management and whether support for self-management is implemented on clinical placement.

Methods

A mixed method approach explored students’ perceptions and attitudes to supporting patient self-management via e-survey and semi-structured interviews.

Results

Survey data (n = 96; 11 programmes) were analysed descriptively and interviews thematically (n = 10; F = 9; aged 19–34 years; 8 programmes). Survey data suggested participants had a positive attitude towards, and were confident in providing support for self-management, but did not implement it frequently in clinical environments. One main theme “ Self-management support is puzzling” identified the uncertainty around what students thought their role was or how to enact support within the patient interaction. A smaller theme “Self-management support is valuable” showed participants were open to learning more about how to support patient self-management.

Discussion

We suggest more explicit and frequent learning opportunities need to be provided for healthcare professional students to learn how to support patient self-management, with particular emphasis on involving family and incorporating self-management tools within the patient encounter.
Mental Health During the First Year of the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Review and Recommendations for Moving Forward
Authors: Aknin Lara B. , De Neve Jan-Emmanuel , Dunn Elizabeth W. , Fancourt Daisy E. , Goldberg Elkhonon , Helliwell John F. , Jones Sarah P. , Karam Elie , Layard Richard , Lyubomirsky Sonja , Rzepa Andrew , Saxena Shekhar , Thornton Emily M. , VanderWeele Tyler J. , Whillans Ashley V. , Zaki Jamil , Karadag Ozge , Ben Amor Yanis
Published: January 2022

COVID-19 has infected millions of people and upended the lives of most humans on the planet. Researchers from across the psychological sciences have sought to document and investigate the impact of COVID-19 in myriad ways, causing an explosion of research that is broad in scope, varied in methods, and challenging to consolidate. Because policy and practice aimed at helping people live healthier and happier lives requires insight from robust patterns of evidence, this article provides a rapid and thorough summary of high-quality studies available through early 2021 examining the mental-health consequences of living through the COVID-19 pandemic. Our review of the evidence indicates that anxiety, depression, and distress increased in the early months of the pandemic. Meanwhile, suicide rates, life satisfaction, and loneliness remained largely stable throughout the first year of the pandemic. In response to these insights, we present seven recommendations (one urgent, two short-term, and four ongoing) to support mental health during the pandemic and beyond.
Periprosthetic Fracture After Hindfoot Fusion Nail Treated With Spanning Antegrade Tibial Nail
Authors: Haghverdian Justin , Gross Christopher E. , Hsu Andrew R.
Published: January 2022

Periprosthetic fracture after hindfoot fusion nailing is a complex, uncommon complication. There is no consensus in the literature regarding optimal treatment of these injures, with proposed solutions, including cast immobilization, retrograde femoral and humeral nails, circular external fixation, and amputation. The goal of revision surgery is to adequately bypass and stabilize the fracture, protect the hindfoot fusion site from increased stress, and promote early weight bearing in a load-sharing fashion. In this report, we present the case of an unstable periprosthetic tibia fracture involving the proximal aspect of a hindfoot fusion nail 10 weeks after surgery in the setting of an incompletely fused hindfoot. The patient was successfully treated using a spanning antegrade suprapatellar tibia nail extending from the proximal aspect of the tibia to the plantar aspect of the calcaneus to bypass the tibia fracture as well as protect and maintain fixation across the hindfoot fusion. At final follow-up, the patient had union across her tibia fracture as well as her hindfoot fusion and was able to return to her activities of daily living and ambulate in normal shoe wear.

Level of Evidence:

Level V
Factors associated with prolonged length of hospital stay among COVID-19 cases admitted to the largest treatment center in Eastern Ethiopia
Authors: Birhanu Abdi , Merga Bedasa Taye , Ayana Galana Mamo , Alemu Addisu , Negash Belay , Dessie Yadeta
Published: January 2022

Introduction:

The hospital admissions load and how long each patient will stay in the hospital should be known to prevent the overwhelming of the health system during coronavirus disease 2019 era. Even though the length of hospital stay could vary due to different factors, the factors that affect the stay are not well characterized yet, particularly in the resource-limited settings. Knowing the time spent by the coronavirus disease 2019 patients in the hospital and its associated factors are important to prioritize mobilizing resources, such as beds, pharmacological and non-pharmacological supplies, and health personnel. Therefore, this study was intended to determine the median and identify factors associated with the length of hospital stay among coronavirus disease 2019 cases.

Methods:

A facility-based cross-sectional study design was implemented on 394 randomly selected hospitalized patients. Epidata Version 3.1 software was used for data entry, and further analysis was done using Stata version 14.2 software. Frequencies, median with interquartile range, and chi-square test were performed. A logistic regression model was used to identify the association between outcome and explanatory variables. The statistical significance was declared at p-value of less than 0.05 at 95% confidence interval.

Results:

The analysis was done for a total of 394 cases admitted for coronavirus disease 2019. The median age of the study participants was 40 years with interquartile range of 28–60 years. The median length of hospital stay was 12 days with the interquartile range of 8–17 days. The patients presented with shortness of breathing (AOR = 2.74, 95% confidence interval: 1.33–5.66), incident organ failure (AOR = 3.65, 95% confidence interval: 1.15–11.58), increased leukocyte count (AOR = 0.95; 95% confidence interval: 0.91–0.99), and blood urea nitrogen (AOR = 0.98, 95% confidence interval: 0.97–0.99) had a significant association with prolonged hospital stay.

Conclusion:

This study demonstrated that the proportion of patients stayed above the median hospital stay of the total patients was 185 (46.9%) with the median length of 12 (interquartile range = 8–17) days. Patients presented with difficulty of breathing, had incident organ failure, had decreased leukocyte, and blood urea nitrogen level should be estimated to stay longer in the hospital. Hence, patients with prolonged hospital length of stay associating factors should be expected to consume more pharmacological and non-pharmacological resources during hospital care receiving.