bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Trophic transfer of CuO NPs and dissolved Cu from sediment to worms to fish – a proof-of-concept study
Authors: Lammel Tobias , Thit Amalie , Mouneyrac Catherine , Baun Anders , Sturve Joachim , Selck Henriette
Published: February 2019

Schematic presentation of the conceptual approach used to study trophic transfer of CuO NPs and dissolved Cu (CuCl2) from sediment to worms (T. tubifex), and from worms (T. tubifex) to fish (three-spined stickleback).
On the detection of heavy elements in the Euphorbia indica plant using laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy and laser ablation time of flight mass spectrometry
Authors: Jabbar Abdul , Akhtar Mahmood , Mehmood Shaukat , Ahmed Nasar , Umar Zeshan Adeel , Ahmed Rizwan , Baig Muhammad Aslam
Published: February 2019

In this paper, we have addressed the phytoremediation, the ability to absorb heavy metals, of the Euphorbia indica plant by detecting heavy metals in its roots, stem and leaves using laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) and laser ablation time-of-flight mass spectrometry (LA-TOF-MS).
Bio-inspired intelligent structural color materials
Authors: Shang Luoran , Zhang Weixia , Xu Ke , Zhao Yuanjin
Published: February 2019

Structural color materials with bioinspired functions are being introduced into real-life applications.
An amide probe as a selective Al3+ and Fe3+ sensor inside the HeLa and a549 cell lines: Pictet–Spengler reaction for the rapid detection of tryptophan amino acid
Authors: Kundu Bidyut Kumar , Singh Rinky , Tiwari Ritudhwaj , Nayak Debasis , Mukhopadhyay Suman
Published: February 2019

Newly synthesized amide-based probe for the selective and specific detection of (i) Al3+ or Fe3+ ions as a cation sensor and (ii) tryptophan as an amino acid sensor.
Trimetallic PtPdCo mesoporous nanopolyhedra with hollow cavities
Authors: Xu You , Li Yinghao , Qian Xiaoqian , Yang Dandan , Chai Xingjie , Wang Ziqiang , Li Xiaonian , Wang Liang , Wang Hongjing
Published: February 2019

Trimetallic PtPdCo mesoporous nanopolyhedra with hollow cavities exhibit excellent electrocatalytic activity and durability towards the methanol oxidation reaction.
Dicyclohexylurea derivatives of amino acids as dye absorbent organogels and anion sensors
Authors: Roy Karabi , Ghosh Suvankar , Chetia Monikha , Satpati Priyadarshi , Chatterjee Sunanda
Published: February 2019

Dicyclohexyl urea (DCU) derivatives of amino acids Fmoc-Phe-DCU (M1), Fmoc-Phg-DCU (M2) and Fmoc-Gaba-DCU (M3) have been shown to form phase selective, thermoreversible and mechanically robust gels in a large range of organic solvents. Organogels act as dye adsorbants and M1–M3 act as selective anion sensors for F−, OH− and OAc−.
Targeting the hydrophobic channel of NNIBP: discovery of novel 1,2,3-triazole-derived diarylpyrimidines as novel HIV-1 NNRTIs with high potency against wild-type and K103N mutant virus
Authors: Zhou Zhongxia , Liu Tao , Wu Gaochan , Kang Dongwei , Fu Zhipeng , Wang Zhao , De Clercq Erik , Pannecouque Christophe , Zhan Peng , Liu Xinyong
Published: February 2019

Novel 1,2,3-triazole-derived diarylpyrimidines were discovered as potent HIV-1 NNRTIs.
Aptamer-guided acridine derivatives for cervical cancer
Authors: Carvalho Josué , Lopes-Nunes Jéssica , Lopes Ana Catarina , Cabral Campello Maria Paula , Paulo António , Queiroz João A. , Cruz Carla
Published: February 2019

An AT11-L0 G4 drug delivery system for the selective conveyance of acridine orange ligands to cervical cancer cells.
Carborane RAFT agents as tunable and functional molecular probes for polymer materials
Authors: Messina Marco S. , Graefe Christian T. , Chong Paul , Ebrahim Omar M. , Pathuri Ramya S. , Bernier Nicholas A. , Mills Harrison A. , Rheingold Arnold L. , Frontiera Renee R. , Maynard Heather D. , Spokoyny Alexander M.
Published: February 2019

Carborane RAFT agents are introduced as tunable multi-purpose tools acting as 1H NMR spectroscopic handles, Raman probes, and recognition units.
A general synthesis of unnatural α-amino acids by iron-catalysed olefin–olefin coupling via generated radicals
Authors: Larionov Vladimir A. , Stoletova Nadezhda V. , Kovalev Vladislav I. , Smol'yakov Alexander F. , Savel'yeva Tat'yana F. , Maleev Victor I.
Published: February 2019

A general protocol for the asymmetric synthesis of unnatural α-amino acids with γ-tertiary and quaternary carbon centers via generated radicals is reported.
Hydrogen bonding capabilities of group 14 homologues of HCN and HNC
Authors: Bautista-Renedo Joanatan M. , Reyes-Pérez Horacio , Cuevas-Yáñez Erick , Barrera-Díaz Carlos , González-Rivas Nelly , Ireta Joel
Published: February 2019

The hydrogen bond capabilities of heavier group 14 homologues of HCN and HNC are studied by means of (MP2 and CCSD(T)) methods. It is shown that homologues with donor atoms less electronegative than H are able to form hydrogen bonds.
High drug-loading system of hollow carbon dots–doxorubicin: preparation, in vitro release and pH-targeted research
Authors: Zhang Zedi , Lei Yuhua , Yang Xiaohong , Shi Nana , Geng Lina , Wang Shuping , Zhang Jianjun , Shi Shikao
Published: February 2019

HCDs–DOX was prepared with low cytotoxicity, and sustained, pH-targeted release properties. In vitro release conformed to the Weibull model and Fick diffusion.
The Terminalia laxiflora modulates the neurotoxicity induced by fipronil in male albino rats
Authors: Khalaf A.A. , Galal Mona K. , Ibrahim Marwa A. , Allah A.A. Abd , Afify Mostafa M. , Refaat Rasha
Published: February 2019

The extensive use of fipronil (FPN) may trigger hazards to more than insects. The present investigation was carried out to evaluate the abrogating role of Terminalia laxiflora (TL) methanol extract (TLE) against the neurotoxic effects provoked by FPN. Fourty male albino rats were assigned into four equal groups. The first group served as control, the second one was orally administered FPN (10.5 mg/kg BW), the third group was given combination of FPN and TLE) (100 mg/kg BW), and the fourth one was orally given TLE. Our findings highlighted the efficacy of TLE as a neuroprotectant through a significant reduction in malondialdehyde (MDA) content by 25.8%, elevations of the reduced glutathione (GSH) level, catalase (CAT,) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities by 30.9, 41.2, and 48.2% respectively. Consequently, the relative mRNA levels of both Bax and caspase-3 were down-regulated by 40.54% and caspase-3 by 30.35% compared with the control group. Moreover, restoration of the pathological tissue injuries were detected. In conclusion, TLE proved to be a potent neuroprotective agent against the FPN-induced toxicity.
MiR-20a-5p regulates gemcitabine chemosensitivity by targeting RRM2 in pancreatic cancer cells and serves as a predictor for gemcitabine-based chemotherapy
Authors: Lu Huimin , Lu Shan , Yang Dujiang , Zhang Ling , Ye Jun , Li Mao , Hu Weiming
Published: February 2019

Ribonucleotide reductase subunit M2 (RRM2) acts as an important gemcitabine resistance-related gene in pancreatic cancer (PC). Here, we aimed to investigate the potential microRNA that regulates gemcitabine chemosensitivity by targeting RRM2 and explores the clinical significance of candidate miRNA in PC. MTT assay and Western blot analysis revealed that long-time gemcitabine treatment in PC cells induced drug resistance and RRM2 increase, and silence of RRM2 blocked gemcitabine resistance. Among the predicted eight RRM2-related microRNAs, the expression of miR-20a-5p showed the most significant discrepancy between gemcitabine-resistant cells and parental cells. Furthermore, the Dual-Luciferase reporter gene assay indicated that miR-20a-5p directly targeted RRM2 3′UTR, thus inhibited expression of RRM2 and overcame gemcitabine resistance of PC cells. Retrospective study suggested that plasma miR-20a-5p level was correlated with gemcitabine resistance in PC patient. ROC curve showed that miR-20a-5p abundant level might predict gemcitabine resistance with an AUC of 89% (P<0.0001). Additionally, the PFS of patients with high and low expression levels miR-20a-5p was 2.8 and 4.5 months (P<0.001), respectively. Taken together, our results suggests that miR-20a-5p regulated gemcitabine chemosensitivity by targeting RRM2 in PC cells and could serve as a predictor for predicting the efficacy of gemcitabine-based chemotherapy in first-line treatment of PC patients.
Akirin1 promotes myoblast differentiation by modulating multiple myoblast differentiation factors
Authors: Sun Wenqiang , Hu Shenqiang , Hu Jiwei , Qiu Jiamin , Yang Shuang , Hu Bo , Gan Xiang , Liu Hehe , Li Liang , Wang Jiwen
Published: February 2019

Akirin1 is found to be involved in myoblast differentiation. However, the mechanism by which the Akirin1 gene regulates myoblast differentiation still remains unclear. In the present study, we found that ectopic expression of Akirin1 promoted myoblast differentiation by increasing the expression of myogenic regulatory factor (MRF) 4 (MRF4) and myocyte enhancer factor 2B (MEF2B) mRNA. Additionally, we showed that ectopic Akirin1 induced cell cycle arrest by up-regulating p21 mRNA. To further uncover the mechanism by which Akirin1 promotes myoblast differentiation, we showed that the enhanced Akirin1 increased the mRNA expression of P38α. Importantly, the enhanced MRF4 expression by Akirin1 can be abrogated by treatment of SB203580, a p38 inhibitor. Similarly, we found that enhanced MEF2B expression by Akirin1 can be abrogated by treatment with LY294002, a PI3K inhibitor. Together, our results indicate that Akirin1 promotes myoblast differentiation by acting on the p38 and PI3K pathways and subsequently inducing the expression of myoblast differentiation factors.
Precise radial velocities of giant stars
Authors: Quirrenbach Andreas , Trifonov Trifon , Lee Man Hoi , Reffert Sabine
Published: February 2019

We present radial-velocity (RV) measurements for the K giant ν Oph (= HIP 88048, HD 163917, HR 6698), which reveal two brown dwarf companions with a period ratio close to 6:1. For our orbital analysis we use 150 precise RV measurements taken at the Lick Observatory between 2000 and 2011, and we combine them with RV data for this star available in the literature. Using a stellar mass of M = 2.7M⊙ for ν Oph and applying a self-consistent N-body model we estimate the minimum dynamical companion masses to be m1 sin i ≈ 22.2 MJup and m2 sin i ≈ 24.7 MJup, with orbital periods P1 ≈ 530 d and P2 ≈ 3185 d. We study a large set of potential orbital configurations for this system, employing a bootstrap analysis and a systematic χν2 grid-search coupled with our dynamical fitting model, and we examine their long-term stability. We find that the system is indeed locked in a 6:1 mean motion resonance (MMR), with Δω and all six resonance angles θ1–θ6 librating around 0°. We also test a large set of coplanar inclined configurations, and we find that the system will remain in a stable resonance for most of these configurations. The ν Oph system is important for probing planetary formation and evolution scenarios. It seems very likely that the two brown dwarf companions of ν Oph formed like planets in a circumstellar disk around the star and have been trapped in an MMR by smooth migration capture.
“Atlas” of numerical solutions for star-disk magnetospheric interaction
Authors: Čemeljić M.
Published: February 2019

Aims. I report results in numerical simulations of star-disk magnetospheric interaction. A thin accretion disk with a corona above a rotating stellar surface is simulated, and a parameter study is performed to find trends in the angular momentum flux. The results are presented for young stellar objects, but they can be rescaled to other objects with similar geometry.

Methods. I performed resistive and viscous magnetohydrodynamic simulations that reached a quasi-stationary state for cases with different parameters. I computed angular momentum fluxes in the different components of the flow to compare the results.

Results. I present the simulation results with the matter density distribution and a sample of the magnetic field lines, gathered in an “Atlas” of solutions. The torque exerted on the star is computed, together with the angular momentum flux that is expelled from the system in the cases with a conical outflow. I find trends in the components of the flow in the part of parameter space with a slowly rotating star.
Near-infrared spectroscopy of the massive stellar population of W51: evidence for multi-seeded star formation
Authors: Bik A. , Henning Th. , Wu S.-W. , Zhang M. , Brandner W. , Pasquali A. , Stolte A.
Published: February 2019

Context. The interplay between the formation of stars, stellar feedback and cloud properties strongly influences the star formation history of giant molecular clouds. The formation of massive stars leads to a variety of stellar clusters, ranging from low stellar density OB associations to dense, gravitationally bound starburst clusters.

Aims. We aimed at identifying the massive stellar content and reconstructing the star formation history of the W51 giant molecular cloud.

Methods. We performed near-infrared imaging and K-band spectroscopy of the massive stars in W51. We analysed the stellar populations using colour-magnitude and colour-colour diagrams and compared the properties of the spectroscopically identified stars with stellar evolution models.

Results. We derive the ages of the different sub-clusters in W51 and, based on our spectroscopy derive an age for W51 of 3 Myr or less. The age of the P Cygni star LS1 and the presence of two still forming proto-clusters suggests that the star formation history of W51 is more complex than a single burst.

Conclusions. We did not find evidence for triggered star formation and we concluded that the star formation in W51 is multi seeded. We finally concluded that W51 is an OB association where different sub-clusters form over a time span of at least 3–5 Myr.
Prédisposition héréditaire au cancer du sein (1)
Authors: Cohen-Haguenauer Odile
Published: February 2019

L’oncogénétique a pour objectif principal de caractériser une sous-population à haut risque de développement de cancers à un âge précoce afin de préconiser les recommandations pour un parcours optimisé de suivi et de soins. La consultation d’oncogénétique contribue à évaluer un risque individuel à partir d’une histoire familiale. Par une approche familiale de génétique formelle, il s’agit de repérer les familles avec une forte agrégation de cancers, éventuellement évocatrice d’un syndrome de prédisposition héréditaire. Cette démarche peut conduire à la proposition d’un test génétique constitutionnel à la recherche de mutations causales. Jusqu’à une période récente, la recherche de mutation constitutionnelle sur les gènesBRCAa abouti à l’identification d’une mutation délétère chez moins de 10 % des cas-index analysés. Il est donc important d’évaluer l’impact de nouveaux gènes dans le panorama actuel de la prédisposition héréditaire au cancer du sein et de l’ovaire.
L’éradication des maladies infectieuses virales mise en danger par les avancées de la biologie synthétique
Authors: Tournier Jean-Nicolas
Published: February 2019

L’éradication des maladies infectieuses est un des vieux rêves de l’humanité, qui ne s’est pour l’instant matérialisé qu’une seule fois dans l’histoire avec la variole en 1980. Des efforts très importants sont consentis contre les virus de la poliomyélite depuis 1988, mais l’objectif final n’est pas encore atteint. Paradoxalement, alors que le but d’éradiquer ces deux maladies virales est presque atteint, la biologie de synthèse multiplie les prouesses permettant la néosynthèse de virus, mettant ainsi en péril, au moins virtuellement, la pérennité de ces avancées. Cet article met en regard les potentialités de cette nouvelle biologie et la difficile réalité de la lutte contre les infections.
Entre politiques publiques et matérialité : associations d’usagers et infrastructures d’irrigation au Cambodge
Authors: Ivars Benoit , Venot Jean-Philippe
Published: February 2019

Depuis plus de trois décennies, le modèle de gestion participative de l’irrigation promu par gouvernements et bailleurs de fond rencontre de nombreuses difficultés. Partant du constat que la gestion de l’irrigation présente des dimensions tant techniques que sociales, nous mobilisons les champs de lapolitical ecologyet des études des sciences et techniques et montrons qu’une politique publique prend de multiples facettes à l’aune des conditions matérielles qu’elle rencontre. Une comparaison de quatre périmètres irrigués au Cambodge illustre le fait que l’émergence d’associations d’usagers de l’eau comme acteurs de la gestion des périmètres irrigués dépend de l’existence de « points d’ancrage », c’est-à-dire d’éléments d’infrastructures de distribution et de partage de l’eau sur lesquels ces associations peuvent exercer leur contrôle et ainsi « s’inscrire » dans le paysage sociotechnique de l’irrigation.
Connaissances en matière de radioprotection des manipulateurs de radiologie de Bangui et de Bimbo (Centrafrique)
Authors: Kouandongui Bangue Songrou F. , Bidan Tapiade E. , Ouimon M. , Mobima T.
Published: February 2019

Les rayons X, principales sources d’exposition aux rayonnements ionisants (RI) d’origine humaine ont un rôle nocif dans la genèse des affections malignes et cancéreuses. L’application des principes de radioprotection par l’ensemble du personnel utilisant les rayons X est une obligation réglementaire. L’Agence Internationale de l’Energie Atomique (AIEA) recommande que ce personnel soit formé, avec des aptitudes et compétences vérifiées avant d’effectuer les tâches spécifiques. Une enquête a été menée auprès du personnel travaillant sous RI dans les établissements de radiodiagnostic de Bangui et de Bimbo pour évaluer leurs niveaux de connaissances en radioprotection. Parmi les enquêtes, 36,8 % étaient titulaires d’un diplôme de technicien supérieur en radiologie et imagerie médicale, formés à la radioprotection et sans renouvellement de leurs connaissances. Le niveau de connaissance de l’ensemble du personnel, quel que soit le profil et l’établissement est très modeste. L’application du principe de justification des examens n’est pas effective dans tous les établissements. Aucun contrôle qualité n’a jamais eu lieu dans les établissements, ceux-ci manquent de personnel référent en radioprotection et de matériel de protection contre les rayons X. Le gouvernement et l’ANR doivent poursuivre leurs efforts pour la formation continue en radioprotection du personnel et pour le contrôle qualité des installations. La diffusion de la culture de radioprotection entre praticiens est aussi à encourager.
Creating adaptive athletes: the athletic skills model for enhancing physical literacy as a foundation for expertise
Authors: Savelsbergh Geert J.P. , Wormhoudt Rene
Published: February 2019

The purpose of the current paper is to advocate that the athletic skills model (ASM) serves as a suitable framework to structure (developmental) movement programs to enhance physical literacy as a foundation for expertise. Taking the non-linear developmental trajectories into account (including the possibility to follow the linear developmental pathway), the ASM applies three “roads” to reach this goal, that is, the concentric approach, creating challenging environments, and exploiting transfer. Each of these separately or in combination with each other will increase the level of physical literacy, that is creating more functional variation leading to an increasement of possibilities for adaptation of those involved (athletes, PE teachers, and coaches). ASM seeks a life-long physical activity participation and to maintain a balance between performance, fitness and health for the recreational as well for the disable and able (elite) athlete.
Leitlinie der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Pneumologie und Beatmungsmedizin zur Diagnostik und Therapie von erwachsenen Patienten mit Husten
Authors: Kardos P. , Dinh Q. , Fuchs K.-H. , Gillissen A. , Klimek L. , Koehler M. , Sitter H. , Worth H.
Published: February 2019

Die vorliegende 2019 S2k-Leitlinie der DGP wurde im Gegensatz zu den S3-Vorgänger-Leitlinien aus dem Jahre 2004 und 2010 für Pneumologen verfasst, für Allgemeinärzte liegt eine Leitlinie der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Allgemeinmedizin aus dem Jahre 2014 vor.

Die Leitlinie enthält 48 im Konsensusverfahren abgestimmte Empfehlungen und 16 Statements, die im Hintergrundtext in den folgenden neun Kapiteln erläutert werden: Epidemiologie, Physiologie, Klassifizierung, akuter, subakuter bzw. chronischer Husten, Diagnostik und Therapie; dem chronischen idiopathischen Husten wurde ein Extra-Kapitel gewidmet. Weitere Schwerpunkte der Leitlinie sind die Physiologie des Hustens in Erwartung der Einführung neuer Medikamente sowie ausführliche Abhandlungen des Hustens, der durch Affektionen im Bereich der oberen Atemwege oder durch gastroösophagealen Reflux getriggert wird. Hier sollte die Leitlinie dem Pneumologen die zur Diagnostik und Therapie erforderlichen neuesten Kenntnisse aus den Nachbardisziplinen vermitteln. Die klinischen Kapiteln enthalten auch eine kurze Zusammenfassung, praktische Empfehlungen und jeweils ein eigenes Literaturverzeichnis. Drei neue, vereinfachte Algorithmen für den akuten, subakuten und chronischen Husten runden das Kapitel Diagnostik ab.
Prevention of Cervical Cancer
Authors: Hillemanns Peter , Friese Klaus , Dannecker Christian , Klug Stefanie , Seifert Ulrike , Iftner Thomas , Hädicke Juliane , Löning Thomas , Horn Lars , Schmidt Dietmar , Ikenberg Hans , Steiner Manfred , Freitag Ulrich , Siebert Uwe , Sroczynski Gaby , Sauerbrei Willi , Beckmann Matthias , Gebhardt Marion , Friedrich Michael , Münstedt Karsten , Schneider Achim , Kaufmann Andreas , Petry K. , Schäfer Axel , Pawlita Michael , Weis Joachim , Mehnert Anja , Fehr Mathias , Grimm Christoph , Reich Olaf , Arbyn Marc , Kleijnen Jos , Wesselmann Simone , Nothacker Monika , Follmann Markus , Langer Thomas , Jentschke Matthias
Published: February 2019

Aims Annual opportunistic screening for cervical carcinoma has been carried out in Germany since 1971. The creation of this S3 guideline meets an important need, outlined in the National Cancer Plan, with regard to screening for cervical cancer, as the guideline aims to provide important information and support for planned organized screening for cervical cancer in Germany.

Methods With the financial support of German Cancer Aid, 21 professional societies developed evidence-based statements and recommendations (classified using the GRADE system) for the screening, management and treatment of precancerous conditions of the cervix. Two independent scientific institutes compiled systematic reviews for this guideline.

Recommendations The first part of this short summary presents the pathological basis and considers various questions related to screening for cervical cancer. As also reported in earlier reviews, the meta-analysis by Kleijnen Systematic Reviews showed that HPV-based screening offers better protection against invasive cervical cancer compared to cytology-based screening. The authors of this guideline therefore recommend – in accordance with the guideline of the Joint National Committee of Germany (Gemeinsamer Bundesauschuss, G-BA) – that women aged 35 and above should be examined at regular intervals (at least every 3 years) and undergo HPV-based screening. Co-testing can also be carried out. Women between the ages of 20 and 35 should have cytological screening every 2 years.
Updated Opinion of the Uterus Commission of the Gynecological Oncology Working Group (AGO) and the Gynecological Endoscopy Working Group (AGE) of the German Society of Gynecology and Obstetrics (DGGG) on the Randomized Study Comparing Minimally Invasive with Abdominal Radical Hysterectomy for Early-stage Cervical Cancer (LACC)
Authors: Hillemanns Peter , Brucker Sara , Holthaus Bernd , Kimmig Rainer , Lampe Björn , Runnebaum Ingo , Ulrich Uwe , Wallwiener Markus , Fehm Tanja , Tempfer Clemens ,   for the AGO Uterus and the AGE of the DGGG
Published: February 2019

In this opinion on the randomized study comparing minimally invasive with abdominal radical hysterectomy for early-stage cervical cancer (LACC), the Uterus Commission of the Gynecological Oncology Working Group (AGO) and the Gynecological Endoscopy Working Group (AGE) of the Germany Society of Gynecology and Obstetrics (DGGG) state that, based on their examination of the published data, patients with FIGO stage IA1 (with LVSI), IA2 or IB1 cervical cancer must be informed about the results of this LACC study prior to making a decision on the route for radical hysterectomy.
Treatment of Cervical Dysplasia by Clinicians Who Perform Colposcopy in German-speaking Countries – a Questionnaire-based Study
Authors: Hilal Ziad , Tempfer Clemens , Rezniczek Günther
Published: February 2019

Introduction In connection with the reorganisation of cervical carcinoma screening, the importance of colposcopy as an integral part of the planned series of clarification testing will greatly increase. Quality standards for performing the colposcopic examination should therefore be defined in detail. A precondition for this is surveying the current standard in clinical practice. The objective of this study was to evaluate the current practice of colposcopy and conisation in Germany by means of a questionnaire aimed at gynaecologists who perform colposcopies in order to document the actual therapeutic standard of treatment of cervical dysplasia.

Materials and Methods Gynaecologists were invited via e-mail or during events to participate in a web-based survey. The questionnaire contained 38 questions on management before, during and after the examination as well as questions on the technical implementation of colposcopy and conisation.

Results From February 2018 to April 2018, 961 e-mails were sent. A response was received in 197 cases (response rate 20.5%). Responses were received for another 40 questionnaires during events (response rate approx. 80%). After taking the inclusion criteria into account, 160 questionnaires were evaluated. The majority of those surveyed take an average of 2 cervical biopsies (67.3%) and nearly all of those surveyed (94.5%) do not use any local anaesthetic. As a standard method for removing cervical precancerous cells, most of the physicians surveyed perform a loop excision with the electrosurgical loop (91.2%) under colposcopic visualisation (61.2%) under general anaesthesia (92.5%). Postoperative bleeding prophylaxis by means of tamponade is performed only in 27.6% of all cases.

Conclusion A differential colposcopy with two colposcopically targeted biopsies and treatment with the electrosurgical loop are the methods most frequently used by clinicians who perform colposcopy in Germany. A uniform procedure should be defined in detail within the scope of directives or guidelines.
The Ambidextrous Pictet–Spengler Reaction: Access to the (+)- or (–)-Enantiomers of the Bioactive C-19 Methyl-Substituted Sarpagine/Macroline/Ajmaline Alkaloids from Either d- or l-Tryptophan
Authors: Rahman M. , Cook James
Published: February 2019

Depicted in the following is the proof of concept, which is important to illustrate the full potential of the ambidextrous Pictet–Spengler (P-S) reaction. Previously, both d-tryptophan and l-tryptophan were employed to synthesize the key intermediates toward the natural enantiomers of C-19 methyl-substituted alkaloids. Now the enantiomeric series of the same key intermediates could also be synthesized from both d- or l-tryptophan in high yield and optical purity via this P-S/Dieckmann protocol. One can make either the natural or the unnatural alkaloids from either of the chiral starting amino acid esters, stereo- and enantiospecifically for biological screening.
Heterogeneous Copper(I)-Catalyzed Cascade Addition–Oxidative Cyclization of Nitriles with 2-Aminopyridines or Amidines: Efficient and Practical Synthesis of 1,2,4-Triazoles
Authors: Xia Jianhui , Huang Xue , Cai Mingzhong
Published: February 2019

The heterogeneous cascade addition-oxidative cyclization of nitriles with 2-aminopyridines or amidines was achieved in 1,2-dichlorobenzene or DMSO at 120–130 °C by using a 1,10-phenanthroline-functionalized MCM-41-supported copper(I) complex [Phen-MCM-41-CuBr] as the catalyst and air as the oxidant. The approach was used to generate a wide variety of 1,2,4-triazole derivatives in mostly high yields. This heterogeneous copper(I) catalyst could be easily prepared in a two-step procedure from commercially or readily available and inexpensive reagents and it exhibited higher catalytic activity than the CuBr/1,10-Phen system. Phen-MCM-41-CuBr was also easy to recover and was recyclable up to eight times with almost consistent activity.
Transformation of the Carboxyl Group of an Amino Acid to Variously Substituted Imidazoles through a Davidson-Type Heterocyclization
Authors: Küppers Jim , Hympánová Michaela , Keuler Tim , Schneider Andreas , Schnakenburg Gregor , Gütschow Michael
Published: February 2019

The modification of amino acids leads to valuable building blocks for the synthesis of bioactive compounds. By keeping the amino group protected, the carboxylic acid functionality can be converted in two steps into an imidazole moiety via a Davidson-like heterocyclization. This reaction allows for a combinatorial approach, in which two positions at the heterocycle can be modified. Herein, we report the synthesis of such imidazole derivatives by employing N-protected cyclohexylalanine as the starting material. Different α-halo ketones were used and two points of diversity, positions 4 and 5, were examined. The structure of the final imidazole derivatives was confirmed by three X-ray crystal structure analyses and their protease inhibiting activities were evaluated.
Aerobic Oxidative Coupling of Aniline Catalyzed by One-Dimensional Manganese Hydroxide Nanomaterials
Authors: Miao Hui , Ma Kelong , Hu Shiwei , Li Ruiqian , Sun Lin , Cui Yumin
Published: February 2019

The aerobic oxidative coupling of aniline is an effective process for producing aromatic azo compounds, which are widely used in the organic chemical industry. The development of heterogeneous catalysts for this reaction would be advantageous because of their recyclability and convenience in posttreatment. In this work, one-dimensional Mn(OH)2 nanostructure with various shapes were synthesized through the adjustment of various surfactants. The as-synthesized Mn(OH)2 nanobelts and nanowires showed superior catalytic activity in the activation of oxygen and aniline. Aromatic azo compounds with a variety of substituents were produced through the coupling of the corresponding anilines without additives under ambient conditions.
Enantioselective Reductive Diarylation of Alkenes by Ni-Catalyzed Domino Heck Cyclization/Cross Coupling
Authors: Wang Kuai , Kong Wangqing
Published: February 2019

A Ni-catalyzed enantioselective reductive diarylation of alkenes through a tandem Heck cyclization/cross coupling of two structurally distinguished aryl bromides is accomplished for the first time. This reaction takes place under very mild conditions with high efficiency and tolerates a variety of functional groups. Thus, it provides a rapid access to various medicinally relevant bis-heterocycles containing all-carbon quaternary centers with very high enantioselectivity.
MYH9-Related Thrombocytopenia: Four Novel Variants Affecting the Tail Domain of the Non-Muscle Myosin Heavy Chain IIA Associated with a Mild Clinical Evolution of the Disorder
Authors: Zaninetti Carlo , De Rocco Daniela , Giangregorio Tania , Bozzi Valeria , Demeter Judit , Leoni Pietro , Noris Patrizia , Ryhänen Samppa , Barozzi Serena , Savoia Anna , Pecci Alessandro
Published: February 2019

MYH9-related disease (MYH9-RD) is an autosomal-dominant thrombocytopenia caused by mutations in the gene for non-muscle myosin heavy chain IIA (NMMHC-IIA). Patients present congenital macrothrombocytopenia and inclusions of NMMHC-IIA in leukocytes, and have a variable risk of developing kidney damage, sensorineural deafness, presenile cataracts and/or liver enzymes abnormalities. The spectrum of mutations found in MYH9-RD patients is limited and the incidence and severity of the non-congenital features are predicted by the causative MYH9 variant. In particular, different alterations of the C-terminal tail domain of NMMHC-IIA associate with remarkably different disease evolution. We report four novel MYH9 mutations affecting the tail domain of NMMHC-IIA and responsible for MYH9-RD in four families. Two variants cause amino acid substitutions in the coiled-coil region of NMMHC-IIA, while the other two are a splicing variant and a single nucleotide deletion both resulting in frameshift alterations of the short non-helical tailpiece. Characterization of phenotypes of affected individuals shows that all of these novel variants are associated with a mild clinical evolution of the disease.
Acquired Haemophilia A Associated with Subsequent Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Authors: Bazan-Socha Stanisława , Zdziarska Joanna , Iwaniec Teresa , Walocha Jerzy , Musiał Jacek , Dropiński Jerzy , Pacholczak Renata
Published: February 2019

Acquired haemophilia A (AHA) is a rare autoimmune disease caused by antibodies directed against clotting factor VIII. About half of cases are idiopathic, but AHA may also be secondary to autoimmune, dermatologic, or oncologic diseases. In approximately 10% of non-idiopathic cases, the disease occurs after or with the diagnosis of cancer as an extremely rare paraneoplastic syndrome. We describe the case of a 73-year-old male patient diagnosed with AHA and successfully treated with recombinant human activated factor VIIa and immunosuppression. Two and a half years later, however, the disease relapsed and a routine ultrasound revealed a liver tumour that was then diagnosed as hepatocellular carcinoma. We present this case to increase awareness that this life-threatening condition may develop years prior to the diagnosis of cancer.
A synthetic undergarment increases physiological strain
Authors: Dorton Matthew C. , Ruby Brent C. , Dumke Charles L.
Published: February 2019

Our aim was to examine the effect of a synthetic material undergarment on heat stress during exercise in a hot environment. Ten active males completed two trials of intermittent (50min walking, 10min sitting) treadmill walking over 3h in 35°C and 30% relative humidity. Subjects wore wildland firefighter flame-resistant meta-aramid blend pants and shirt with either a 100% cotton (C) or flame-retardant modacrylic undergarment (S), while carrying a 16-kg pack, helmet and leather gloves. Exercise was followed by a 30-min rest period without pack, helmet, gloves, and outerwear shirt. Rectal temperature and physiological strain were greater in S than C (P=0.04). No significant differences were found for heart rate, rating of perceived exertion, energy expenditure or skin temperature between C and S. Skin blood flow increased significantly in S following the second hour of exercise, resulting in a time×trial interaction (P=0.001). No significant differences for skin blood flow were found post exercise. Sweat rate and percent dehydration were not different between C and S. These data indicate that, of the two undergarments investigated, the synthetic undergarment negatively affected physiological factors that have been shown to indicate an increased risk of heat-related injuries.
Bioactive compounds in plant materials for the prevention of diabetesand obesity
Authors: Kato Eisuke
Published: February 2019

Plant materials have been widely studied for their preventive and therapeutic effects for type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and obesity. The effect of a plant material arises from its constituents, and the study of these bioactive compounds is important to achieve a deeper understanding of its effect at the molecular level. In particular, the study of the effects of such bioactive compounds on various biological processes, from digestion to cellular responses, is required to fully understand the overall effects of plant materials in these health contexts. In this review, I summarize the bioactive compounds we have recently studied in our research group that target digestive enzymes, dipeptidyl peptidase-4, myocyte glucose uptake, and lipid accumulation in adipocytes.

Abbreviations: AC: adenylyl cyclase; AMPK: AMP-activated protein kinase; βAR: β-adrenergic receptor; CA: catecholamine; cAMP: cyclic adenosine monophosphate; cGMP: cyclic guanosine monophosphate; DPP-4: dipeptidyl peptidase-4; ERK: extracellular signal-regulated kinase; GC: guanylyl cyclase; GH: growth hormone; GLP-1: glucagon-like peptide-1; GLUT: glucose transporter; HSL: hormone-sensitive lipase; IR: insulin receptor; IRS: insulin receptor substrate; MAPK: mitogen-activated protein kinase; MEK: MAPK/ERK kinase; MG: maltase-glucoamylase; NP: natriuretic peptide; NPR: natriuretic peptide receptor; mTORC2: mechanistic target of rapamycin complex-2; PC: proanthocyanidin; PI3K: phosphoinositide 3-kinase; PKA: cAMP-dependent protein kinase; PKB (AKT): protein kinase B; PKG: cGMP-dependent protein kinase; PPARγ: peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ; SGLT1: sodium-dependent glucose transporter 1; SI: sucrase-isomaltase; T2DM: type 2 diabetes mellitus; TNFα: tumor necrosis factor-α.
Does maturation influence neuromuscular performance and muscle damage after competitive match‐play in youth male soccer players?
Authors: De Ste Croix Mark , Lehnert Michal , Maixnerova Eliska , Zaatar Amr , Svoboda Zdenek , Botek Michal , Varekova Renata , Stastny Petr
Published: February 2019

Poor neuromuscular control and fatigue have been proposed as a risk factor for non‐contact injuries especially around peak height velocity (PHV). This study explored the effects of competitive soccer match‐play on neuromuscular performance and muscle damage in male youth soccer players. 24 youth players aged 13‐16y were split into a PHV group (−0.5 to 0.5y) and post PHV group (1.0–2.5y) based on maturity off‐set. Leg stiffness, reactive strength index (RSI), muscle activation, creatine kinase (CK), and muscle soreness were determined pre and post a competitive soccer match. Paired t‐tests were used to explore differences pre and post competitive match play and independent sample t‐tests for between groups differences for all outcome measures. There was no significant fatigue‐related change in absolute and relative leg stiffness or muscle activation in both groups, except for the gastrocnemius in the post PHV group. RSI, CK and perceived muscle soreness were significantly different after soccer match‐play in both groups with small to large effects observed (ES:0.41–2.82). There were no significant differences between the groups pre match‐play except for absolute and relative leg stiffness (P < 0.001; ES = 1.16 and 0.63 respectively). No significant differences were observed in the fatigue related responses to competitive match play between groups except for perceived muscle soreness. The influence of competitive match‐play on neuromuscular function and muscle damage is similar in male youth around the time of PHV and those post‐PHV indicating that other factors must contribute to the heightened injury risk around PHV.
Impact of Climate Change on Flood Inundation Levels in Chereh Dam Failure Scenarios
Authors: Winarta Bambang , Juwono Pitojo Tri , Dermawan Very
Published: February 2019

This study evaluates the climate change impact to the depth of inundation due to dam breaks during a heavy rainfall through Hydrological Engineering Centre–River Analysis System (HEC-RAS). Increasing of intensity rainfall is an evidence of climate change exists and it explicitly informs that possibility of higher inflow rates will be also getting bigger. This fact become main concern in connection with raising probability of dam breaks with higher magnitude of flooding. This current study determines the flood inundation depth due to Chereh Dam failure by including the Climate Change Factor (CCF). The result of analysis point out that the depth and level of flood due dam break creates a significant impact and risk to the Kuantan City such as inundated of transportation networks and also various public facilities.
Unethical Adaptation: Indigenization and Sex in Chan-wook Park’s The Handmaiden (2016)
Authors: Kim Soo Yeon
Published: February 2019

In contemporary cultural scenes saturated by ‘intermediality’ and ‘transmediality’, adaptation studies have challenged the distinction and hierarchy between the source and its adaptation, the author and the reader-spectator, and a variety of genres and media. While early critics of adaptation studies centred on fidelity criticism, recently Linda Hutcheon breaks free from literary elitism and emphasizes how stories, ‘like genes’, adapt to new environments ‘by virtue of mutation’. Hutcheon argues, ‘the fittest [stories] do more than survive; they flourish’ in today’s fierce competition for ‘cultural selection’. This postmodernist notion of adaptation as proliferation, however, remains curiously reticent about the ‘value’ of such proliferation. My article argues that in the era of textual proliferation, adaptation has an ethical responsibility to voice the story of the socially and sexually ‘unfit’. I then analyse The Handmaiden as a failed attempt at this ethical project. Directed by Chan-wook Park, a South Korean auteur, The Handmaiden borrows from Sarah Waters’ Fingersmith (2002), a novel about female romantic friendship in nineteenth-century England. Although Park’s visually stunning film epitomizes the indigenization of the ‘fittest’ story, its graphic portrayal of lesbian sex and change of setting leaves the question of sexual objectification of Asian women and Japanese colonization unanswered.
Economic Downturns and Inequities in Birth Outcomes: Evidence From 149 Million US Births
Authors: Noelke Clemens , Chen Yu-Han , Osypuk Theresa L , Acevedo-Garcia Dolores
Published: February 2019

Using birth certificate data for nearly all registered US births from 1976 to 2016 and monthly data on state unemployment rates, we reexamined the link between macroeconomic variation and birth outcomes. We hypothesized that economic downturns reduce exposure to work-related stressors and pollution while increasing exposure to socioeconomic stressors like job loss. Because of preexisting inequalities in health and other resources, we expected that less-educated mothers and black mothers would be more exposed to macroeconomic variation. Using fixed-effect regression models, we found that a 1-percentage-point increase in state unemployment during the first trimester of pregnancy increased the probability of preterm birth by 0.1 percentage points, while increases in the state unemployment rate during the second/third trimester reduced the probability of preterm birth by 0.06 percentage points. During the period encompassing the Great Recession, the magnitude of these associations doubled in size. We found substantial variation in the impact of economic conditions across different groups, with highly educated white women least affected and less-educated black women most affected. The results highlight the increased relevance of economic conditions for birth outcomes and population health as well as continuing, large inequities in the exposure and impact of macroeconomic fluctuations on birth outcomes.
Evaluating the Effectiveness of Vaccines Using a Regression Discontinuity Design
Authors: Basta Nicole E , Halloran M Elizabeth
Published: February 2019

The regression discontinuity design (RDD), first proposed in the educational psychology literature and popularized in econometrics in the 1960s, has only recently been applied to epidemiologic research. A critical aim of infectious disease epidemiologists and global health researchers is to evaluate disease prevention and control strategies, including the impact of vaccines and vaccination programs. RDDs have very rarely been used in this context. This quasi-experimental approach using observational data is designed to quantify the effect of an intervention when eligibility for the intervention is based on a defined cutoff such as age or grade in school, making it ideally suited to estimating vaccine effects given that many vaccination programs and mass-vaccination campaigns define eligibility in this way. Here, we describe key features of RDDs in general, then specific scenarios, with examples, to illustrate that RDDs are an important tool for advancing our understanding of vaccine effects. We argue that epidemiologic researchers should consider RDDs when evaluating interventions designed to prevent and control diseases. This approach can address a wide range of research questions, especially those for which randomized clinical trials would present major challenges or be infeasible. Finally, we propose specific ways in which RDDs could advance future vaccine research.
Cognitive Theory of Mind Influences Destination Memory: Evidence from Normal Aging and Alzheimer’s Disease
Authors: El Haj Mohamad , Allain Philippe , Moustafa Ahmed A
Published: February 2019

Objective

Theory of mind and destination memory are social abilities that require processing the attributes of interlocutors. Empirical research has demonstrated a relationship between performance on both abilities in normal aging and Alzheimer’s disease (AD). We therefore investigated whether processing attributes of interlocutors would result in better destination memory in AD.

Methods

Twenty-six mild AD participants and 28 controls were tested on two occasions. On the first one, participants had to tell proverbs to celebrities’ faces. Following that, they decided whether they previously told that proverb to that celebrity or not. The same procedures were repeated on the second occasion; however, after telling the proverbs, participants had to introspect about what the celebrities might think about the proverbs (e.g., “what do you think that the celebrities would think about the proverbs?”).

Results

Group comparisons showed a beneficial effect of introspection on destination memory in controls (Z = −2.57, p < .05) but not in AD participants (Z = −1.05, p = .29). However, analyzes of individual profiles demonstrated that 15 AD participants demonstrated better destination memory after introspection.

Conclusions

Our findings show a beneficial effect of introspection on destination memory in normal aging, and at least in some mild AD cases. Future research should investigate the influence of social cognition on memory in AD and how introspection may provide a potential treatment for AD.
Manipulated sex ratios alter group structure and cooperation in the brown-headed nuthatch
Authors: Cox James A , Cusick Jessica A , DuVal Emily H
Published: February 2019

A biased adult sex ratio (ASR) can influence cooperative breeding behavior if the bias limits mating opportunities for the more abundant sex. We tested predictions associated with the ASR-cooperation hypothesis in the brown-headed nuthatch (Sitta pusilla). We manipulated ASR by cross-fostering known-sex nestlings within 2 large (≥100 ha) experimental plots for 5 years using a crossover design where each plot received an opposing male- or female-biased treatment for 2 consecutive years. A year with no manipulations followed before the bias was reversed on each plot for 2 additional years. Variation in ASR (adult males/total adults) was pronounced compared to background proportions (0.55) and ranged from a female bias in female-biased plots (0.47) to a strong male bias in male-biased plots (0.71). Sex ratios during the postbreeding period ranged more broadly (0.33 in female-biased plots vs. 0.74 in male-biased plots). Territory densities did not change significantly and allowed 6 predictions to be assessed. Consistent with predictions, the prevalence of cooperative breeding groups doubled under male-biased treatments and large cooperative groups appeared (≥2 male helpers vs. the single male helper most common prior to the experiment). These changes occurred despite increased dispersal of cross-fostered males in male-biased plots. Most juvenile females dispersed, but, consistent with predictions, the prevalence of female helpers increased under female-biased treatments. Manipulations did not alter the sex of nestlings produced nor extend the time that males served as helpers. Taken collectively, results support the ASR-cooperation hypothesis and the role that mate limitations play in cooperative breeding behavior.