bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Eksistensi Pendidikan Kewarganegaraan di Perguruan Tinggi Dalam Memperkokoh karakter Bangsa Indonesia
Authors: Pahlevi Farida Sekti
Published: January 2020

Citizenship education is an integral part of the national education system.Therefore the civic education process needs to be addressed in the curriculum and learning on all paths and levels of education.Functions and roles in the context of achieving national educational objectives, civic education are designed, developed, implemented and evaluated in the context of the embodiment of national education objectives.They are the foundation and frame of mind for understanding and applying civic education.Citizenship education is a very urgent need for the nation in building a safe, comfortable, peaceful, prosperous life.In building a civilized democracy, it needs a generation of intelligent, strong-minded nation.There are several reasons why civic education is urgently needed, firstly, the rise in political literacy and not political literacy and not knowing the workings of democracy and its institutions;Secondly, the increased politichal apathism is demonstrated by the lack of citizen involvement in political processes.The intellectual, emotional, social, and spiritual formation of intelligent citizens is really a demand and necessity.This is where the existence of civic education becomes a very important tool for democratic countries including the state of Indonesia in order to give birth to a generation of nations who know the values of nationality based on Pancasila and have the necessary skills in transforming, actualizing and preserving everything that is owned by NKRI.
Efektivitas Model Pembelajaran Fisika â€œPRODUKSIâ€ terhadap Peningkatan Aspek-aspek Keterampilan Berkomunikasi Sains
Authors: Fadly Wirawan
Published: January 2020

This research to determine the effectiveness of the application of PRODUKSI learning model to improve aspects of scientific communication skills. The research method used was experiment with one-group pretest-posttet design which replicated at three schools. The sample was chosen by purposive sampling. Data were collected by using tests that were then analyzed based on data characteristics. The analysis used is descriptive quantitative using N-Gain analysis and inferential statistics. The results showed that learning model of PRODUKSI efectively and significantly helped to improve the scientific communication skill, including aspects of scientific writing, scientific reading, observation, knowledge representation, and presentation in a moderate level.
Pengembangan Media Audio Visual Mata Pelajaran Bahasa Indonesia Untuk Sekolah Dasar
Authors: Yuanta Friendha
Published: January 2020

Bahasa Indonesia merupakan salah satu mata pelajaran yang diajarkan di sekolah dasar. Salah satu kegiatan berbahasa adalah menyimak. Berdasarkan hasil pengamatan diketahui bahwa pembelajaran Bahasa Indonesia pada ketrampilan menyimak cerita belum berjalan secara optimal. Hal ini dapat dilihat dari setiap pembelajaran guru masih menggunakan metode ceramah. Sehingga siswa terlihat kurang antusias dan cenderung pasif. Penggunaan media audio visual dalam pembelajaran diharapkan adanya peningkatan dalam proses pembelajaran, terutama dalam hal menyimak cerita. Kegiatan pengembangan ini dilaksanakan dengan tujuan menghasilkan media audio visual mata pelajaran Bahasa Indonesia kelas 3 semester 2 yang efektif, membuat siswa dapat menerima pembelajaran dengan baik. Metode yang digunakan dalam pengembangan ini menggunakan model Dick and Carey. Model ini memiliki sepuluh langkah prosedural, hanya saja untuk pengembangan ini diadaptasi menjadi sembilan langkah, yakni: (1) mengidentifikasi tujuan umum pembelajaran (2) analisis pembelajaran (3) mengidentifikasi karakteristik siswa (4) merumuskan tujuan khusus pembelajaran (5) mengembangkan instrumen penilaian (6) mengembangkan strategi pembelajaran (7) mengembangkan dan memilih bahan pembelajaran (8) merancang dan melaksanakan evaluasi formatif (9) merevisi produk pembelajaran. Hasil akhir yang diperoleh dari pengembangan media audio visual ini adalah produk yang dikembangkan termasuk dalam kriteria valid/layak untuk digunakan dalam proses pembelajaran.
Representasi Matematis Pemahaman Geometri Siswa MI
Authors: Hadi Sofwan
Published: January 2020

Representasi merupakan salah satu aspek terpenting dalam pemahaman siswa. Representasi matematis siswa pada Geometri dimateri bangun datar persegi panjang merupakan salah kajian yang perlu dikaji. Karena geometri itu merupakan salah satu materi yang mulai mengajak siswa di Madrasah Diniyah untuk berpikir abstrak. Faktor yang mempengaruhi kemampuan komunikasi dan representasi siswa bisa dijadikan bahan kajian untuk mendesain pembelajaran. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan Kualitatif deskriptif. Penelitian ini mengkategorikan subjek menjadi 3 kategori berdasarkan kemampuan pemahamaan. Subjek penelitian sebanyak 24 siswa. Hasil penelitian mendapakan ada 3 faktor yang mempengaruhi representasi matematis siswa.
Pengaruh Model Pembelajaran Scramble Dengan Media Question Card Terhadap Hasil Belajar IPA Siswa Kelas IV SDN Kertosari II Kabupaten Madiun
Authors: Kusumawati Naniek
Published: January 2020

Kurang antusiasnya siswa dalam kegiatan pembelajaran mengakibatkan perlu dikembangkan model dan media pembelajaran yang efektif. Siswa merasa bosan dengan model pembelajaran konvensional yang sering digunakan guru. Dalam memilih model pembelajaran yang tepat haruslah memperhatikan kondisisiswa, sifat materi bahan ajar, fasilitas media yang tersedia. Model pembelajaran Scramble dengan media Question Card merupakan daya dukung utama bagi guru untuk menciptakan suasana belajar siswa secara aktif, menumbuhkan kreativitas dan semangat siswa untuk mempelajari materi-materi  yang  ada  di  dalamnya. Penelitian ini merupakan jenis penelitian True Eksperimental. Desain penelitian Postest Only Control desain. Subjek penelitian ini adalah siswa kelas IV sebanyak 48 siswa yang terdiri dari 24 siswa kelas IV eksperimen dan 24 siswa kelas kontrol. Penentuan sampel di dalam penelitian ini menggunakan simple random sampling. Pengumpulan data menggunakan teknik tes. Dalam menganalisis data menggunakan metode statistik dengan rumus uji-t dengan taraf signifikan 5%. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ada pengaruh signifikan model pembelajaran Scramble dengan media Question Card terhadap hasil belajar IPA siswa kelas IV SDN Kertosari II di Kabupaten Madiun. Ini terlihat pada hasil belajar nilai rata-rata siswa yang diajar menggunakan model tersebut 82,91, sedangkan siswa yang diajarkan dengan model konvensional 68,75, serta diperoleh = 6,074,lebih besar dari = 1,679.
Implementasi Pendidikan Karakter Religius Melalui Pembelajaran Akidah Akhlak Di Madrasah Ibtidaiyah Nurul Yaqin Kota Bogor
Authors: Hasanah Faridatul , Kamalludin Chodidjah , Kamalludin Kamalludin
Published: January 2020

Tujuan Penelitian ini adalah sebagai berikut : (1. ) Untuk mengetahui ruang lingkup materi Akidah Akhlak di MI Nurul Yaqin Kota Bogor,  (2). Untuk mengetahui cara apa saja yang dapat meningkatkan nilai-nilai karakter religius dikalangan MI Nurul Yaqin Kota Bogor, (3). Untuk mengetahui hambatan-hambatan yang dihadapi guru  dalam mengajarkan Akidah Akhlak dalam membina karakter religius siswa di MI Nurul Yaqin Kota Bogor, (4). Untuk mengetahui metode apa saja yang bisa  menerapkan pendidikan Karakter dalam Pembelajaran Akidah Akhlak, (5). Untuk mengetahui media apa saja yang bisa digunakan dalam pembelajaran Akidah Akhlak, (6) Untuk mengetahui cara  penerapan pendidikan karakter melalui pembelajaran Akidah Akhlak di MI Nurul yaqin Kota Bogor. Jenis penelitian yang digunakan yaitu penelitiaan lapangan (field research) di MI Nurul Yaqin-Kota Bogor. Metode penelitiannya menggunakan kualitatif. Teknik pengumpulan data dengan observasi partisipatif, wawancara dan dokumentasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa : 1). Ruang lingkup materi Akidah Akhlak meliputi kalimat Thayyibah, sifat-sifat Asmaul Husna, beriman kepada kitab-kitab Allah, akhlak terpuji dan akhlak tercela. 2). Cara-cara meningkatkan nilai karakter reigius, (3) mengetahui hambatan yang dihadapi guru yaitu mengurangi dan memecahkan permasaahan atau hambatan dalam belajar baik dari siswa, guru (internal) ataupun luar peserta didik (eksternal), (4) Metode yang digunakan saat pembelajaran Akidah Akhlak diantaranya yaitu ceramah, diskusi, drama atau role playing, praktek langsung atau demonstrasi dan tanya jawab. (5). Media yang dapat digunakan dalam pembelajaran Akidah Akhlak adalah media visual seperti gambar atau slide dan audio visual berupa film atau video (6) Cara penerapan pendidikan  Karakter dalam pembelajaran Akidah Akhlak dapat melalui contoh sehari-hari, mengaitkan nilai karakter dengan cerita dan demonstrasi nilai karakter atau praktek langsung oleh siswa sendiri.
Pengaruh Kepemimpinan Kepala Madrasah dan Motivasi Kerja Guru Terhadap Kreativitas Guru MTsN se-Kabupaten Madiun
Authors: Azizah Mukhtar Kholifatul
Published: January 2020

Artikel ini ingin menganalisis tentang pengaruh kepemimpinan kepala madrasah dan motivasi kerja guru terhadap kreativitas guru MTsN se-kabupaten Madiun. Dimana kreativitas guru dalam pembelajaran menjadi sangat penting dalam keberhasilan pembelajaran dan tujuan pendidikan di sekolah, dimana kreativitas guru sangat diperlukan agar guru dapat menjalankan tugas dan peranannya dalam proses belajar mengajar dengan maksimal. Kreativitas guru merupakan daya kreatif untuk dapat menciptakan iklim pembelajaran yang menarik dan menyenangkan sehingga tercipta suasana pembelajaran yang kondusif. Kreativitas guru juga sangat penting untuk mendorong kreativitas peserta didik, sebab dengan adanya guru yang kreatif, maka siswa juga akan belajar untuk berkreasi. Penelitian ini ingin menguji tentang pengaruh kepemimpinan kepala sekolah dan motivasi kerja guru terhadap kreativitas guru MTsN se Kabupaten Madiun.

Metode penelitian yang digunakan menggunakan pendekatan penelitian kuantitaif dengan jenis penis penelitian expost-facto, sampel yang dijadikan penelitian ialah MTsN se Kabupaten Madiun dengan populasi guru PNS sebanyak 289 guru, teknik pengambilan sampel menggunakan Area Random Sampling (Cluster Sampling), yaitu pengambilan sampel secara acak dan berumpun.

Hasil penelitian dalam penelitian ini ialah terdapat pengaruh yang positif dan signifikan antara kepemimpinan kepala madrasah dan motivasi kerja guru terhadap kreativitas guru Pegawai Negeri Sipil MTsN se-Kabupaten Madiun tahun pelajaran 2017/2018 yang ditunjukkan dengan hasil uji F yaitu nilai Fhitung lebih besar dari Ftabel (15,123 > 3,040). Dan pada taraf signifikan 5% dengan koefisien determinan 0,257 sehingga dapat disimpulkan bahwa kreativitas guru dipengaruhi oleh kepemimpinan kepala madrasah dan motivasi kerja guru sebesar 25,7%. Data hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa kepemimpinan kepala madrasah dan motivasi kerja menyumbang sebesar 25,7% dan sisanya 74,3% dipengaruhi variabel lain baik secara internal seperti rasio, bakat khusus, perasaan, dan intuisi. Maupun eksternal seperti latar belakang pendidikan guru, pelatihan-pelatihan guru, pengalaman mengajar guru, dan faktor kesejahteraan guru
Characteristics and management of iatrogenic proximal humeral fracture during manual reduction of shoulder dislocation
Authors: Zhou Yan , Ming Jianghua , Liu Shiqing
Published: January 2020

The authors have withdrawn this preprint from Research Square
Investigation on susceptible variants to arrhythmia in forensic autopsy cases of SCDs caused by cardiomyopathy: assessment with the candidate SNPs
Authors: Tian Mei-Hui , Jia Yu-Qing , Zhao Mao-Mao , Huo Zhi-Xin , Zhang Si-Yi , Zhan Xiao-Ni , Yang Xin-Rui , Zhu Bao-Li , Pang Hao
Published: January 2020

The authors have withdrawn this preprint from Research Square
A scoping review on the influencing factors and development process of professional identity among nursing students and nurses
Authors: mao aimei , Lu Su-e , Lin Yan , He Miao
Published: January 2020

The authors have withdrawn this preprint from Research Square
Extended spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL)-producing Escherichia coli inactivation by UVA-LED irradiation system in a Japanese hospital
Authors: Ulfa Maria , Azuma Momoyo , Sato Masami , Shimohata Takaaki , Fukushima Shiho , Kido Junko , Nakamoto Mariko , Uebanso Takashi , Mawatari Kazuaki , Emoto Takahiro , Akutagawa Masatake , Kinouchi Yohsuke , Takahashi Akira
Published: January 2020

The authors have withdrawn this preprint from Research Square
The density and peaks of seasonal activity of Dermacentor reticulatus ticks in eastern Poland
Authors: Zając Zbigniew , Woźniak Aneta , Kulisz Joanna
Published: January 2020

The authors have withdrawn this preprint from Research Square
Abacavir versus Zidovudine-Based Regimens for treatment of HIV-Infected Children in resource limited settings: A Retrospective Cohort Study
Authors: Mega Teshale Ayele , Usamo Firehiwot Belayneh , Negera Getandale Zeleke
Published: January 2020

The authors have withdrawn this preprint from Research Square
Origin and Evolution of Emerging Liaoning Virus（genus Seadornavirus, family Reoviridae) 
Authors: Zhang Jun , Liu Hong , Wang Jiahui , Wang Jiheng , Zhang Jianming , Wang Jiayue , Zhang Xin , Ji Hongfang , Ding Zhongfen , Xia Han , Zhang Chunyang , Zhao Qian , Liang Guodong
Published: January 2020

The authors have withdrawn this preprint from Research Square
Evaluating the effects of synthetic POM cycles and NAD kinase expression on fatty alcohol production in Saccharomyces cerevisiae﻿
Authors: McNeil Bonnie A , Khalifa Charfeddine , Krishnan Anagha , Stuart David T
Published: January 2020

Background: NADPH-dependent enzymes play important roles in many anabolic reactions and the availability of redox cofactors can influence metabolic flux ultimately influencing titers of bioproducts produced by engineered microbial cells. This may be especially true of oleochemical production when carbon flux through the highly NADPH-dependent fatty acid biosynthesis pathway is increased. While pathway specific approaches are often applied to counter redox imbalance, a study evaluating generalized approaches to improved NADPH availability is lacking in Saccharomyces cerevisiae . Results: Here, we have created four unique synthetic Pyruvate-Oxaloacetate-Malate “POM” cycles consisting of either of the endogenous isoforms of pyruvate carboxylase ( PYC1 or PYC2 ), a modified version of malate dehydrogenase ( ‘MDH1 or ‘MDH2 ), and a truncated cytosolic form of the endogenous malic enzyme ( sMAE1 ). Only the POM cycle that combined expression of PYC1 , ‘MDH2 , and sMAE1 increased the titer of fatty alcohols produced; however, it did so in two unique fatty alcohol producing strains. In a FAS1 overexpression background, expression of this synthetic POM cycle increased fatty alcohol titers by 40% from 49.0 ± 2.2 mg/L to 68.6 ± 3.3 mg/L and showed similar results in a zwf1 deletion strain. The effect of overexpression of the endogenous NAD+ kinases UTR1 , YEF1 , and a cytosolic version of POS5 were also tested. We found that expression of POS5c resulted in an ~35% increase in fatty alcohol titer, while the overexpression of the UTR1 or YEF1 did not significantly influence titers. In these minimally engineered cells, combined overexpression of PYC1 , ‘ MDH2 , sMAE1 and POS5c did not further increase titers Conclusions: Overexpression of PYC1 in conjunction with ‘MDH2 and sMAE1 results in a synthetic POM cycle which can be utilized to improve fatty alcohol production in engineered strains of S. cerevisiae . Additionally, overexpression of a truncated version of POS5 ( POS5c ) results in similar increases in fatty alcohol production. These findings may serve to provide a generalized mechanism to increase NADPH production in engineered cells, resulting in increased bioproduct titers.
A novel homozygous premature stop mutation in TNNT2 associates with Feline cardiomyopathy
Authors: McNamara James W , Schuckman Maggie , Becker Richard C , Sadayappan Sakthivel
Published: January 2020

Background: Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is a genetic disease of the heart and the most common cause of sudden cardiac death in the young. HCM is considered a disease of the sarcomere owing to the large number of mutations in genes encoding sarcomeric proteins. The riddle lies in discovering how these mutations lead to disease. As a result, treatments to prevent and/or treat HCM are limited to invasive surgical myectomies or ablations. Recently, a cohort of Maine Coon cats was identified as carrying an alanine to proline substitution at amino acid 31 of the sarcomeric protein, cardiac myosin binding protein-C, encoded by MYBPC3 . Additional mutations in MYBPC3 and MYH7 have also been associated with HCM in cats. In this study, we expand the spectrum of genes associated with HCM in cats. Results: Next Generation Whole Genome sequencing was performed using DNA isolated from peripheral blood of a Maine Coon with cardiomyopathy that tested negative for the above A31P mutation. Through risk stratification of variants, we identified a novel, homozygous truncating mutation in cardiac troponin-T ( TNNT2 ), also associated with HCM in humans. Both parents tested heterozygous for the mutation, but were unaffected by the disease. Conclusions: In summary, we are the first to demonstrate the association of TNNT2 mutations and HCM in a cat, suggesting this gene should be added to the testing panel of genes when performing genetic testing for HCM in cats.
The AO Trauma CPP Bone Infection Registry: epidemiology and outcomes on Staphylococcus aureus infection in long bones and joints
Authors: Morgenstern Mario , Erichsen Christoph , Militz Matthias , Xie Zhao , Peng Peng Jiachen , Stannard James , Metsemakers Willem-Jan , Schaefer Dirk , Alt Volker , Soballe Kjeld , Nerlich Michael , Buckley Richard E. , Blauth Michael , Suk Michael , Leung Frankie , Barla Jorge , Yukata Kiminori , Qing Bi , Schwarz Edward M , Kates Stephen L.
Published: January 2020

Background Bone infection is a serious complication associated with orthopedic surgery, and Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) is a common pathogen. As the optimal treatment requires an understanding of the patient-specific host-pathogen interaction, we developed a biospecimen registry (the AO Trauma CPP Bone Infection Registry) to collect clinical data, bacterial isolates, and serum from patients treated for bone infection caused by S. aureus. MethodsA prospective multicenter multicontinental registry with a follow-up period of 12 months was set up to include adult patients (18 years or older) with culture-confirmed S. aureus infection in long bones after fracture fixation or arthroplasty. Baseline patient attributes and details on infections and treatments were recorded. Blood and serum samples were taken at baseline, 6, and 12 months. Patient outcomes were assessed with the Short Form-36, Parker Mobility Score, and Katz Activities of Daily Living at baseline, 1, 6, and 12 months. Complications, re-hospitalization, and outcomes were recorded. Aside from descriptive summary analyses, changes from baseline were analyzed using the mixed-effects model and Wilcoxon sign rank test. Analyses using full analysis population and per protocol population were performed, and when appropriate, additional sensitivity analyses. This study was registered in ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT01677000.ResultsTwo hundred and ninety-two patients with infections originating from fracture fixation (n=157, 53.8%), prosthetic joint infection (n=86, 29.5%), and osteomyelitis (n= 49, 16.8%) were enrolled (Table 1). Methicillin resistant S. aureus was detected in 82 patients (28.4%), with the highest proportion found among patients from North American sites (n=39, 48.8%) and the lowest from Central European sites (n=18, 12.2%). Patient outcomes had improved statistically significant at 6 and 12 months in comparison to baseline. The SF-36 Physical Component Summary mean (95% CI) score, however, did not reach 50, at 12 months. The cure rate at the end of the study period was 62.1%.ConclusionThe AO Trauma CPP Bone Infection Registry provides unique insights into the epidemiology and outcomes of S. aureus long-bone infections. It also contains annotated biospecimens for future research.Although patients' health status improved after treatment, less than two-thirds were cured at one year.
Maternal and Fetal CD4+CD25+CD127low/- Regulatory T Cells in Pregnancies with Gestational Diabetes, Preeclampsia, and Premature Rupture of Membranes
Authors: Zhao Yuan-yuan , Zhang Xiaolu , Sun Hong , Chen Lei , Ma Ding , Kwak-Kim Joanne , Wang Wen-juan
Published: January 2020

Background Regulatory T cells (Tregs) play a crucial role in maternal-fetal tolerance, but little is known about the characteristic of Tregs in peripheral blood (PB), maternal-fetal interface and cord blood (CB) in normal and complicated pregnancies with preeclampsia (PE), gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and premature rupture of membranes (PROM). Methods PB, retro-placental blood (RPB), and CB were collected immediately after delivery in women with normal full-term pregnancy (NP), PE, GDM, and PROM. The proportion of CD4 + CD25 + CD127 low/- T cells (Tregs) and the expression of PD-1, GITR, HLA-G and CTLA-4 on T cell subsets were investigated by flow cytometric analysis. The data were analyzed based on sample origins (PB, RPB, and CB) and the obstetrical study groups (NP, PE, GDM, and PROM). Results The proportions of Tregs in PB, RPB, and CB from NP were significantly higher than the other obstetrical groups (P < 0.01, respectively). However no significant differences were present among the PE, GDM and PROM groups (P = NS). The proportion of PD-1 + and GITR + Tregs in RPB and PB as well as PD-1 + Tregs in CB from NP were significantly higher than those of the same origin in each obstetrical study group (P < 0.01, respectively). There were no differences in HLA-G + and CTLA-4 + Tregs between different origins in each obstetrical study group. In NP, the proportion of PD-1 + Tregs was significantly decreased in CB as compared to those of PB and RPB (P < 0.05, respectively). Among the four groups, the proportion of GITR + Tregs were significantly higher in PB as compared to those of CB and RPB (P < 0.01, respectively). The proportion of HLA-G + Tregs in PB was significantly lower than that of CB and RPB (P < 0.01, respectively). The proportion of CTLA-4 + Tregs had no significant differences (P = NS). Conclusions In conclusion, the proportion and characteristics of Tregs vary in the maternal, fetal and maternal-fetal junction at the time of delivery. The different feature and density of Tregs in maternal and fetal tissue may suggest the multiple and complicated roles of Tregs during pregnancy.
Choice between home and health institutional births in the era of Kenya’s maternity subsidy
Authors: Musau Abednego Muema , Ng'ang'a Tabitha Kiriti
Published: January 2020

Background Adverse maternal and neonatal outcomes disproportionately afflict low and middle-income countries, which experience high-unmet need for safe and skilled attendance at birth. This study sought to investigate how choices for place of birth were made in Kenya during the era of a national maternal subsidy. Methods The study employed data from the Kenya Demographic Health Survey 2014 and involved data from women who experienced a birth around the time when the maternity subsidy was in place. After testing for multi-collinearity of variables and addressing endogenous endogeneity using two-stage residual inclusion, probit regression models were estimated. The choice for place of birth was employed as a binary outcome variable. Results Overall, data from 4,772 women were included in the analysis. The women’s mean age was 27.7 years and majority (83.8%) were married or staying with their sexual partners. Among these women, 2748 (57.5%) had elected institutional births. Regression analysis illustrated that woman’s age, the woman and partner’s education, economic empowerment, low parity, low county poverty headcount rate and access to medical insurance. Further, access to complementary reproductive services such as antenatal care and family planning and the existence of the maternity subsidy were associated with increased likelihood to choose deliveries in health facilities. Conclusions The existence of the maternal subsidy confers women increased potential to elect health institutions as a preferred place for birth, although this was influenced by other factors. These findings imply that investments, which prevent teen pregnancies, reduce domestic and national poverty, increase education attainment, expand autonomy of women in decision making and promote access to the continuum of reproductive health services can optimize choice making during the existence of the maternity subsidy favoring access to safe institutional births.
Design and validation of a scoring system for rapid identification of severe acute pancreatitis in patients with acute pancreatitis
Authors: Wang Ling , Wang Shaohong , Zhang Jingguo
Published: January 2020

Purpose: Early identification of SAP and take necessary treatment can reduce the mortality rate of patients with AP. This study aimed to design a scoring system for rapid identification of SAP (RISAP) and evaluate its performance in predicting SAP in patients with AP. Methods: In the first phase, 1024 patients with AP who were admitted to the people's hospital of Qiandongnan Miao and Dong Autonomous Prefecture ,The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University,the First People's Hospital of Kaili from January 2015 to June 2017 were included. Easily obtained indicators including patients’ gender, age, previous history of pancreatitis, acute diffuse peritonitis (ADP), pleural effusion (PE), heart rate (HR), respiratory rate (RR), and systolic blood pressure (SBP) measured under adequate analgesia, quietness conditions at admission were selected. Logistic regression analysis was performed to identify the risk factors for SAP. After determination of the cutoff values of the identified risk factors using ROC curve analysis, RISAP scoring system was designed. In the second phase, a total of 740 patients with AP who were admitted to our hospital from July 2017 to October 2019 were included and divided into SAP and non-SAP groups. RISAP, RANSON and BISAP scores were measured and compared between groups. The ROC curve was draw to analyze the ability of RISAP score in predicting SAP. Results: The number of patients who had history of pancreatitis,ADP, PE, HR, BR were significantly higher in the SAP group than in the non-SAP group (P <0.05). Logistic regression analysis showed that PE, HR, and RR were independent risk factors for SAP. Then RISAP score was designed based on the cutoff values of the three risk factors (0.5, 95.5, 22.5, respectively). The RISA, RANSON, and BISAP scores were significantly higher in the SAP group than that in the non-SAP group (U = -9.501,-3.701, -8.520 P <0.05). Compared with the RANSON, and BISAP scores, RISAP had the highest AUC values, sensitivity and specificity. Conclusion: The designed RISAP score is simple, convenient, economical, non-invasive, and highly repeatable, which is superior in rapid identification of SAP in patients with AP.
Fine-mapping the recently discovered QTL qMrdd2 that confers resistance to maize rough dwarf disease
Authors: Xu Zhennan , Wang Feifei , Zhou Zhiqiang , Meng Qingchang , Chen Yanping , Han Xiaohua , Tie Shuanggui , Liu Changlin , Hao Zhuanfang , Li Mingshun , Zhang Degui , Han Jienan , Li Xinhai , Wang Zhenhua , Weng Jianfeng
Published: January 2020

Background: Maize rough dwarf disease (MRDD) is a disease caused by a virus that seriously affects maize yield and quality worldwide. Rice black streaked dwarf virus (RBSDV) in the Fijivirus genus in the Reoviridae family causes MRDD in maize. Typical MRDD symptoms of include severe dwarfing of plants, shortening of internodes. MRDD resistance is a complex trait that is quantitatively inherited and is controlled by several quantitative trait loci (QTL). MRDD is most efficiently controlled by the cultivation of disease-resistant corn hybrids.
Results: Disease resistance in the MRDD-resistant Qi319 and -susceptible Ye478 parental inbred lines and the 314 recombinant inbred lines (RILs) that were derived from a cross between them was evaluated across three environments. A stable resistance QTL, qMrdd2 , which explained 8.64 to 11.02% of the total phenotypic variance in MRDD resistance, was identified repeatedly and was mapped using BLUP values to a 0.55-Mb region between the markers MK807 and MK811 on chromosome 2. We validated the effect of qMrdd2 using a chromosome segment substitution line population that were derived from a cross between maize inbred Qi319 as the resistance donor and Ye478 as the recipient. The disease-severity index (DSI) of CSSL haplotype II harboring qMrdd2 was significantly lower than the DSI of susceptible parent Ye478 ( P < 0.05). Mapping results using CSSLs were consistent with localization interval determined using RILs. The qMrdd2 locus acted with an additive effect but no significant dominant gene action in conferring MRDD resistance. We fine-mapped qMrdd2 locus into a 315-kb region flanked by the markers RD81 and RD87 by testing recombinant-derived progeny using selfed backcrossed families.
Conclusions: qMrdd2 is a recently discovered QTL from Qi319 for resistance to MRDD with an additive effect but no significant dominant gene action for MRDD resistance. qMrdd2 was fine-mapped to a 315-kb interval on maize chromosome 2. Introgression of the MRDD resistance allele at the qMrdd2 locus of CSSL haplotype 2 using linked markers umc1824 and bnlg125 will be useful for maize breeding to reduce yield losses caused by MRDD.
Keywords: Maize, Maize rough dwarf disease, QTL, Fine-mapping, RIL；CSSL.
Overexpression of the ThTPS gene enhanced T. hispida salt and drought stress tolerance
Authors: Wang PeiLong , Lei XiaoJin , Lv JiaXin , gao caiqiu
Published: January 2020

Background: Trehalose is a nonreducing disaccharide with high stability and strong water absorption properties that can improve the resistance of organisms to various abiotic stresses. Trehalose-6-phosphate synthase (TPS) plays important roles in trehalose metabolism and signaling. Results: A full-length cDNA of ThTPS was cloned from Tamarix hispida. The phylogenetic tree among ThTPS and 11 AtTPS in Arabidopsis indicates that the ThTPS protein had a close evolutionary relationship with AtTPS7. However, the function of AtTPS7 has not been determined. To analyze the abiotic stress tolerance function of ThTPS, the expression patterns of ThTPS were monitored under salt and drought stress and JA, ABA and GA3 hormone stimulation in T. hispida by qRT-PCR. The results showed that ThTPS expression was clearly induced by these 5 kinds of treatments at at least one studied point. Particularly under salt stress, ThTPS was highly induced in the roots of T. hispda. Furthermore, the ThTPS gene was transiently overexpressed in T. hispida. The results of physiological indexes and staining showed that overexpression of the ThTPS gene increased T. hispida salt and drought stress tolerance. Conclusion: The ThTPS gene can respond to abiotic stress such as salt and drought, and overexpression of ThTPS gene can significantly improve salt and drought tolerance. These findings establish a foundation to better understand the response of TPS genes to abiotic stress in plants.
The silence of the archive: creation of «Soviet penicillin»
Authors: Sherstneva E. V.
Published: January 2020

The history of the creation of penicillin in the USSR has not yet been studied. During  the Soviet era, this theme became a source of literary activity, it served the purpose of propagating  the advantages of socialist  science, and therefore was significantly distorted. Granting  access  to the previously  classified  documents  of the State Archive  of the Russian  Federation  (ST RF) to the researchers made it possible to revise the version of history  proposed by the Soviet historiography.
Contract manufacturing and R&D: emerging trends for the global pharmaceutical market
Authors: Prozherina Yu.
Published: January 2020

In recent years, health expenditures  have been gradually increasing. The expenditures  under this article in 60 countries  are expected to grow at an average of 5.4 percent during the period from 2018 to 2024 [1]. The key trends include the focus on R&D development with a reasonable realignment of budget and the increasing contract manufacturing practice.
Advertising of prescription drugs: when you can’t have everything and even more
Authors: Borzova M.
Published: January 2020

Advertising  of prescription drugs  is regulated  by general  and special  provisions  of the Federal  Law No. 38-FZ “On Advertising” dated March  13, 2006.  However,  the procedure  for application  of the relevant  rules  is disclosed  in law enforcement  practice: decisions  of the antimonopoly  authority  and courts.

Law enforcement  practices  for advertising  of prescription drugs contain a separate layer of regulatory  interpretations and require special analysis and evaluation when strategically planning and strategizing to promote such drugs.

In practice,  one can find answers to a number of complex and ambiguous questions. These questions include the formation of fair marketing policies of pharmacies  in relation to the circulation of prescription drugs; limitations  that may be applicable to scientific and practical  articles  reporting  information  about diseases and existing  drug options; creation  and content  of websites that may contain  information  related to the description of prescription drug properties;  procedure  for comparing  prescription drugs with each other according to the mechanism  of action and other criteria;  use of certain words and expressions in advertising  materials that are distributed  at professional  medical  events and published  in specialized  printed  publications.  In addition,  the analysis  of solutions from law enforcement practice reveals approaches to assessing the reliability of information contained in advertisements, as well as methods to identify relevant violations of the law and the procedure  for assessing  evidence by the enforcer.

All these issues  are covered  in detail  in this  article  based on an analysis  of case  proceedings regarding  the unfair  advertising of prescription drugs.  The  article  provides  the  most  complete  set  of solutions  that  are  important  from  the  point  of view  of practitioners.
Juridical review: August – October 2019
Authors: Borzova M. , Arushanova A.
Published: January 2020

The review provides an analysis of litigation  practice relating to the manufacture and circulation of medical devices to help industry specialists  avoid mistakes in solving problems of a similar nature.
Use of Impedance Spectroscopy to Assess the Effect of Laminins on the in vitro Differentiation of Intestinal Cells
Authors: Knyazev E.N. , Maltseva D.V. , Sakharov D.A. , Gerasimenko T.N.
Published: January 2020

The comparative analysis of electrical parameters of a Caco-2 cell monolayer cultured on substrates coated with laminins 111,332и511 has been carried out. The cell electrical parameters reflect its state and, in particular, its degree of differentiation. Impedance spectroscopy is the most convenient method for comprehensive assessment of electrical parameters. It was shown via this method that laminin 332 was the optimal substrate for CACO-2 cell growth and differentiation in vitro. The use of laminin 511 led to significantly lower electric capacitance, and laminin 111 caused a large increase in TEER.

impedance spectroscopy, laminins, barrier tissues, TEER, electric capacitance, extracellular matrix, Caco-2

The study was funded by the Russian Science Foundation (Project 16-19-10597).
Comparative Characteristics of Phytases from Citrobacter freundii and Yersinia intermedia Expressed in Ogataea polymorpha and Pichia pastoris Methylotrophic Yeasts
Authors: Kashirskaya M.D. , Lazareva M.N. , Lapteva A.R. , Dobrynin V.Yu. , Gordeeva T.L. , Sineoky S.P.
Published: January 2020

The genes for bacterial phytases from Citrobacter freundii and Yersinia intermedia were expressed for the first time in a thermotolarant yeast Ogataea polymorpha. A comparative analysis of the properties of recombinant phytases produced by Ogataea polymorpha and Pichia pastoris yeasts was carried out. It was shown that the stability, pH and temperature profiles of the enzyme activities are the same regardless of the host strain. It was proved that O. polymorpha yeast can be used to create producers of feed enzymes and to develop a technology for their cultivation at temperatures above 37 °C. The prospects of using the O. polymorpha yeast for these purposes were evaluated.

Ogataea (Hansenula) polymorpha, Pichia pastoris, methylotrophic yeast, thermal tolerance, producer, recombinant phytase

The work was financially supported by the Ministry of Science and Higher Education of RF (Project Unique Identifier RFMEFI57917X0145) using the Multipurpose Scientific Installation of All-Russian National Collection of Industrial Microorganisms National Bioresource Center, NRC «Kurchatov Institute»-GosNIIgenetika.
Microbiota and Alcohol Use Disorder: Are Psychobiotics a Novel Therapeutic Strategy?
Authors: Rodriguez-Gonzalez Alicia , Orio Laura
Published: January 2020

In recent years, there has been an exciting focus of research attempting to understand neuropsychiatric
disorders from a holistic perspective in order to determine the role of gut microbiota in the aetiology and pathogenesis
of such disorders. Thus, the possible therapeutic benefits of targeting gut microbiota are being explored
for conditions such as stress, depression or schizophrenia. Growing evidence indicates that there is bidirectional
communication between gut microbiota and the brain that has an effect on normal CNS functioning and behavioural
responses. Alcohol abuse damages the gastrointestinal tract, alters gut microbiota and induces neuroinflammation
and cognitive decline. The relationship between alcohol abuse and hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal
axis activation, inflammation and immune regulation has been well documented. In this review, we explore the
connection between microbiota, brain function and behaviour, as well as the mechanisms through which alcohol
induces microbiota dysbiosis and intestinal barrier dysfunction. Finally, we propose the study of psychobiotics as
a novel pharmaceutical strategy to treat alcohol use disorders.
Geometric Isomerism and DFT Theoretical Explanation of the Unexpected Formation of N, N-disubstituted Formamidines from 2-amino-3-cyano-4.6- diarylpyridines
Authors: Abdelrehim El-sayed M. , El-Sayed Doaa S.
Published: January 2020

Introduction:

Unexpected series of N,N-disubstituted formamidines were obtained upon the reaction of 2-amino-3-cyano-4.6-diarylpyridines with triflouroroacetic anhydride (TFAA) in dimethyl formamide (DMF).

Methods:

The syn/anti ratio of N,N-disubstituted formamidines was calculated by applying the 1H-NMR additivy increment rule. The mechanism of formamidine formation is suggested using the experimental results, 1H NMR and 13C NMR spectroscopy and successfully computed with DFT calculations using the B3LYP functional and 6-311G (p,d) basis set.

Results:

The reaction mechanism classified as unexpected nucleophilic attack reaction of the solvent (DMF) on the carbonyl group leaving a positively charged intermediate which was attacked with nitrogen atom of the amine form N,N-disubstituted formamidines. Bond lengths and Mulliken atomic charges were calculated to support the reliability of the predicted reaction mechanism. The activation energy of each species appears in the reaction pathway was calculated.

Conclusion:

HOMO-LUMO analysis showed that the reaction pathway is preferred to proceed through the suggested mechanism. It is clear that DMF is not the appropriate solvent in the case of preparation of triflouroacetamide.
Model latihan imagery untuk peningkatan ketepatan floating service atlet voli pantai
Authors: Irmansyah Johan , Lubis Muhammad Ridwan , Permadi Andi Gilang , Sakti Nune Wire Panji
Published: January 2020

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk: (1) menghasilkan sebuah model latihan imagery untuk peningkatan ketepatan floating service pada atlet voli pantai NTB, dan (2) mengetahui keefektifan model latihan imagery untuk peningkatan ketepatan floating service atlet voli pantai NTB. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian dan pengembangan atau yang sering disebut research and development yang mana digunakan untuk menghasilkan sebuah produk yang diinginkan. Hasil penelitian ini, yaitu studi pendahuluan, uji skala kecil dan skala besar yang telah dilakukan dengan percobaaan floating service dan instrument yang telah teruji validitas dan reliabilitasnya, dinyatakan bahwa penilaian para ahli terhadap model latihan imagery untuk meningkatkan ketepatan floating service dikatakan ‘layak’ untuk diterapkan di lapangan. Untuk uji efektifitas produk akhir, dari hasil analisis uji t menggunakan Paired Sample Test, menunjukkan bahwa peningkatan pretest – posttest ketepatan floating service dengan nilai t sebesar 8.104 dan signifikansi 0.000 < 0.05, maka dapat disimpulkan bahwa peningkatan floating service sebelum dan sesudah diberikan latihan imagery mendapatkan peningkatan yang signifikan atau ada pengaruh yang signifikan dari latihan imagery untuk peningkatan ketepatan floating service. Exercise model imagery to improve the accuracy of floating service in beach volleyball athlete AbstractThis study aims to: (1) produce an exercise model of imagery to improve the accuracy of floating service in NTB beach volleyball athletes, and (2) determine the effectiveness an exercise model of imagery to improve the accuracy of floating service in NTB beach volleyball athletes. This research uses research and development methods or often called research and development which is used to produce the desired product. The results of this study, namely a preliminary study, small scale and large scale tests that have been carried out with a trial of floating services and instruments that have been tested for validity and reliability, stated that experts' assessment of imagery training models to improve the accuracy of floating services is said to be 'feasible' in the field. To test the effectiveness of the final product, the results of the t-test analysis using Paired Sample Test, showed that the increase in pretest-posttest floating service accuracy with a t value of 8,104 and significance of 0,000 <0.05, it can be concluded that the increase in floating service before and after imagery training was given get a significant increase or there is a significant effect of imagery training on improving the accuracy of floating services.
Effect of imagery on freethrow shooting in basketball extraculicular
Authors: Novriansyah Novriansyah , Irianto Djoko Pekik , Rahmat Yurieke Nadiya , Nanda Fitri Agung
Published: January 2020

The purpose of this study was to find out differences in influence between internal imagery training and external training imagery on the results of free-throw shooting in extracurricular bola basketball, It used an experimental method. The sample was selected by random sampling technique which comprised three schools, SMPN 1 Bantul, SMPN 3 Bantul, SMPN 3 Jetis with a total of 42 bola basketball extracurricular students. An instrument measured the shooting free throw test to measure the free throw from Arianto B. The data were then analyzed using a  two-track analysis of variance (ANOVA) at a significant level of α = 0.05. The results show that there is a significant difference between internal and external imagery training on the results of free-throw extracurricular bola basketball, which is evident from the value sig = 0.010 <0.05. External exercises imagery provides a better influence on the results of free shooting extracurricular bola basketball
Сравнительный анализ роста кристаллов, выращенных на Земле и на космической станции, на примере синтеза CrSi-=SUB=-2-=/SUB=- из расплава Zn в системе Cr-Si-Zn
Authors: Калашников Е.В. , Гурин В.Н. , Никаноров С.П. , Николаев В.И.
Published: January 2020

It is shown that CrSi2 crystals are grown from the Zn melt of Cr-Si-Zn system in «weightlessness” conditions have excessive stress. This stress is comparable in magnitude to the excess pressure in the melt. This overpressure is caused by the reaction of the "support" on Earth to this melt, plus (with the corresponding sign) the Laplace pressure
Нагружение, деформирование и разрушение цилиндрических образцов из полиметилметакрилата и фторопласта с использованием электрического взрыва проводников
Authors: Морозов В.А. , Богатко В.И. , Атрошенко С.А. , Кац В.М. , Газизуллина А.Р.
Published: January 2020

The paper presents outcomes of the experimental study of mechanical loading, deformation and fracture of the cylindrical specimens of poly(methyl methacrylate) and fluoropolymer performed with the electric explosion of conductors with various rates of loading. Propagation of the cylindrical waves of mechanical loading through the sample analyzed and correlated with generation and evolution of the fractures. Comparison of main mechanisms of fracture based on the fractographic analysis performed. Leading features of the distortion processes revealed.
Закономерности десорбции воды с поверхности материалов, деформированных или дробленых в различных газовых средах
Authors: Клявин О.В. , Аруев Н.Н. , Поздняков А.О. , Чернов Ю.М. , Шпейзман В.В.
Published: January 2020

Рассмотрено влияние среды гелия при дроблении порошка цемента и прокатке поликристаллического алюминия на количество и кинетику десорбции молекул воды с поверхности этих материалов при нагревании с постоянной скоростью. Произведено разделение пиков на кривых десорбции воды, и показано влияние среды гелия при разрушении (дроблении) и деформировании (прокатке) на характеристики десорбции. Оценены энергии активации процессов десорбции воды в различных температурных областях и их изменение при разрушении и деформации материалов в гелии и на воздухе. Высказано предположение о замещении атомами гелия вакантных для адсорбции молекул воды мест на вновь образующихся участках поверхности тел, подвергнутых механическому воздействию, и о проникновении адсорбированных атомов и молекул среды в приповерхностный слой материала по механизму дислокационно-динамической диффузии. Ключевые слова: десорбция молекул воды, среда гелия, дробление цемента, прокатка алюминия.
Идентификация свойств полимерных композитных материалов в пространстве их ротационно-вязкостных характеристик
Authors: Нагиев А.Г. , Садыхов В.В. , Гашимова У.М.
Published: January 2020

Найден эффект сильной корреляции между кривыми течения жидко-пластичных или разбавленных полимерных композиций и качеством готового материала. Показано, что глубина корреляции и информативность существенно зависят от конструкции турбины, создающей ротацию для вискозиметрического исследования композита. Предложен метод анализа результатов экспериментов, который основан на вычислении начальных моментов до третьего порядка от полученных кривых течения, эффективный с точки зрения прогноза достижимости заданных качественных показателей. Ключевые слова: ротационно вязкостная характеристика полимеров, прогноз качества композитных материалов, параметризация кривых течения неньютоновских жидкостей, отображения в пространстве моментов.
Долговечность полимеров в переменном электрическом поле
Authors: Закревский В.А. , Пахотин В.А. , Сударь Н.Т.
Published: January 2020

An explanation of the difference in the electrical properties of polymers in the DC and AC electric fields is proposed. Energy release during recombination of electrons and holes injected into a polymer dielectric is considered as a factor accelerating the processes of electric aging of these dielectrics in an AC field. It is shown that nonradiative relaxation of electron excited states causes breaks of bonds in macromolecules and formation of free radicals. Due to the lower ionization energy of free radicals (compared to the original molecules), the rate of charge accumulation in the polymer dielectric increases, which leads to a decrease in its durability in an AC field compared to the durability of polymers in a DC field.