bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Multiantigenic DNA Vaccine That Induces Broad Hepatitis C Virus-Specific T-Cell Responses in Mice
Authors: Gummow Jason , Li Yanrui , Yu Wenbo , Garrod Tamsin , Wijesundara Danushka , Brennan Amelia J. , Mullick Ranajoy , Voskoboinik Ilia , Grubor-Bauk Branka , Gowans Eric J.
Published: May 2015

There are 3 to 4 million new hepatitis C virus (HCV) infections annually around the world, but no vaccine is available. Robust T-cell mediated responses are necessary for effective clearance of the virus, and DNA vaccines result in a cell-mediated bias. Adjuvants are often required for effective vaccination, but during natural lytic viral infections damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) are released, which act as natural adjuvants. Hence, a vaccine that induces cell necrosis and releases DAMPs will result in cell-mediated immunity (CMI), similar to that resulting from natural lytic viral infection. We have generated a DNA vaccine with the ability to elicit strong CMI against the HCV nonstructural (NS) proteins (3, 4A, 4B, and 5B) by encoding a cytolytic protein, perforin (PRF), and the antigens on a single plasmid. We examined the efficacy of the vaccines in C57BL/6 mice, as determined by gamma interferon enzyme-linked immunosorbent spot assay, cell proliferation studies, and intracellular cytokine production. Initially, we showed that encoding the NS4A protein in a vaccine which encoded only NS3 reduced the immunogenicity of NS3, whereas including PRF increased NS3 immunogenicity. In contrast, the inclusion of NS4A increased the immunogenicity of the NS3, NS4B, andNS5B proteins, when encoded in a DNA vaccine that also encoded PRF. Finally, vaccines that also encoded PRF elicited similar levels of CMI against each protein after vaccination with DNA encoding NS3, NS4A, NS4B, and NS5B compared to mice vaccinated with DNA encoding only NS3 or NS4B/5B. Thus, we have developed a promising “multiantigen” vaccine that elicits robust CMI.

IMPORTANCESince their development, vaccines have reduced the global burden of disease. One strategy for vaccine development is to use commercially viable DNA technology, which has the potential to generate robust immune responses. Hepatitis C virus causes chronic liver infection and is a leading cause of liver cancer. To date, no vaccine is currently available, and treatment is costly and often results in side effects, limiting the number of patients who are treated. Despite recent advances in treatment, prevention remains the key to efficient control and elimination of this virus. Here, we describe a novel DNA vaccine against hepatitis C virus that is capable of inducing robust cell-mediated immune responses in mice and is a promising vaccine candidate for humans.
Identification of Influenza A Virus PB2 Residues Involved in Enhanced Polymerase Activity and Virus Growth in Mammalian Cells at Low Temperatures
Authors: Hayashi Tsuyoshi , Wills Saintedym , Bussey Kendra A. , Takimoto Toru
Published: May 2015

Mutations in the polymerase genes are known to play a major role in avian influenza virus adaptation to mammalian hosts. Despite having avian origin PA and PB2, the 2009 pandemic H1N1 virus (pH1N1) can replicate well in mammalian respiratory tracts, suggesting that these proteins have acquired mutations for efficient growth in humans. We have previously shown that PA from the pH1N1 virus A/California/04/09 (Cal) strongly enhances activity of an otherwise avian polymerase complex derived from A/chicken/Nanchang/3-120/01 (Nan) in mammalian cells. However, this enhancement was observed at 37°C but not at the lower temperature of 34°C. An additional introduction of Cal PB2 enhanced activity at 34°C, suggesting the presence of unidentified residues in Cal PB2 that are required for efficient growth at low temperature. Here, we sought to determine the key PB2 residues which confer enhanced polymerase activity and virus growth in human cells at low temperature. Using a reporter gene assay, we identified novel mutations, PB2 V661A and V683T/A684S, which are involved in enhanced Cal polymerase activity at low temperature. The PB2 T271A mutation, which we previously reported, also contributed to enhanced activity. The growth of recombinant Cal containing PB2 with Nan residues 271T/661V/683V/684A was strongly reduced in human cells compared to wild-type virus at low temperature. Among the four residues, 271A and 684S are conserved in human and pH1N1 viruses but not in avian viruses, suggesting an important role in mammalian adaptation of pH1N1 virus.

IMPORTANCE
The PB2 protein plays a key role in the host adaptation, cold sensitivity, and pathogenesis of influenza A virus. Despite containing an avian origin PB2 lacking the mammalian adaptive mutations 627K or 701N, pH1N1 influenza virus strains can replicate efficiently in the low temperature upper respiratory tract of mammals, suggesting the presence of unknown mutations in the pH1N1 PB2 protein responsible for its low temperature adaptation. Here, in addition to PB2 271A, which has been shown to increase polymerase activity, we identified novel PB2 residues 661A and 683T/684S in pH1N1 which confer enhanced polymerase activity and virus growth in mammalian cells especially at low temperature. Our findings suggest that the presence of these PB2 residues contributes to efficient replication of the pH1N1 virus in the upper respiratory tract, which resulted in efficient human-to-human transmission of this virus.
Human Blood-Circulating Basophils Capture HIV-1 and Mediate Viraltrans-Infection of CD4+T Cells
Authors: Jiang Ai-Ping , Jiang Jin-Feng , Guo Ming-Gao , Jin Yong-Mei , Li Yu-Ye , Wang Jian-Hua
Published: May 2015

Cell-associated HIV-1 infection has been proposed to play a pivotal role in the spread of HIV-1 infection. Granulocytes are a category of white blood cells, comprising mainly basophils, neutrophils, and eosinophils, and participate in various inflammatory reactions and defense against pathogens. Here, we investigated the role of human blood granulocytes in the dissemination of HIV-1. These cells were found to express a variety of HIV-1 attachment factors (HAFs). Basophils expressed HAFs dendritic cell (DC)-specific intercellular adhesion molecule 3 (ICAM3)-grabbing nonintegrin (DC-SIGN), DC immunoreceptor (DCIR), heparan sulfate proteoglycan (HSPG), and α4β7 integrin and mediated the most efficient capture of HIV-1 on the cell surface. Neutrophils were found to express DCIR and demonstrated limited efficiency of viral capture. Eosinophils expressed α4β7 integrin but exhibited little or no virus-binding capacity. Intriguingly, following direct contact with CD4+T cells, viruses harbored on the surface of basophils were transferred to T cells. The contact between basophils and CD4+T cells and formation of infectious synapses appeared necessary for efficient HIV-1 spread. In HIV-1-infected individuals, the frequency of basophils remained fairly stable over the course of disease, regardless of CD4+T depletion or the emergence of AIDS-associated opportunistic infections. Collectively, our results provide novel insights into the roles of granulocytes, particularly basophils, in HIV-1 dissemination. Thus, strategies designed to prevent basophil-mediated viral capture and transfer may be developed into a new form of therapy.

IMPORTANCECell-associated HIV-1 infection has been proposed to play a pivotal role in the spread of HIV-1 infection. Here, we demonstrated that human blood-circulating granulocytes, particularly basophils, can capture HIV-1 and mediate viraltrans-infection of CD4+T cells. The expression of a variety of HIV-1 attachment factors, such as the C-type lectins, etc., facilitates viral capture and transfer. Intriguingly, the frequency of basophils in patients with different levels of CD4+T counts remains fairly stable during the course of disease. Our results provide novel insights into the roles of granulocytes, particularly basophils, in HIV-1 dissemination. We suggest that strategies designed to prevent basophil-mediated viral capture and transfer may be a new direction for the development of anti-HIV therapy.
Genome Sequencing and Analysis of Geographically Diverse Clinical Isolates of Herpes Simplex Virus 2
Authors: Newman Ruchi M. , Lamers Susanna L. , Weiner Brian , Ray Stuart C. , Colgrove Robert C. , Diaz Fernando , Jing Lichen , Wang Kening , Saif Sakina , Young Sarah , Henn Matthew , Laeyendecker Oliver , Tobian Aaron A. R. , Cohen Jeffrey I. , Koelle David M. , Quinn Thomas C. , Knipe David M.
Published: May 2015

Herpes simplex virus 2 (HSV-2), the principal causative agent of recurrent genital herpes, is a highly prevalent viral infection worldwide. Limited information is available on the amount of genomic DNA variation between HSV-2 strains because only two genomes have been determined, the HG52 laboratory strain and the newly sequenced SD90e low-passage-number clinical isolate strain, each from a different geographical area. In this study, we report the nearly complete genome sequences of 34 HSV-2 low-passage-number and laboratory strains, 14 of which were collected in Uganda, 1 in South Africa, 11 in the United States, and 8 in Japan. Our analyses of these genomes demonstrated remarkable sequence conservation, regardless of geographic origin, with the maximum nucleotide divergence between strains being 0.4% across the genome. In contrast, prior studies indicated that HSV-1 genomes exhibit more sequence diversity, as well as geographical clustering. Additionally, unlike HSV-1, little viral recombination between HSV-2 strains could be substantiated. These results are interpreted in light of HSV-2 evolution, epidemiology, and pathogenesis. Finally, the newly generated sequences more closely resemble the low-passage-number SD90e than HG52, supporting the use of the former as the new reference genome of HSV-2.

IMPORTANCE
Herpes simplex virus 2 (HSV-2) is a causative agent of genital and neonatal herpes. Therefore, knowledge of its DNA genome and genetic variability is central to preventing and treating genital herpes. However, only two full-length HSV-2 genomes have been reported. In this study, we sequenced 34 additional HSV-2 low-passage-number and laboratory viral genomes and initiated analysis of the genetic diversity of HSV-2 strains from around the world. The analysis of these genomes will facilitate research aimed at vaccine development, diagnosis, and the evaluation of clinical manifestations and transmission of HSV-2. This information will also contribute to our understanding of HSV evolution.
Phase control of optical bistability in an InGaN∕GaN quantum dot nanostructure
Authors: Jafarzadeh Hossein , Nasehi Rajab , Sangachin Elnaz Ahmadi , Asadpour Seyyed Hossein
Published: May 2015

In this paper, we propose a model for controlling the optical bistability in four-level [Formula: see text] quantum dot nanostructure which is embedded in a unidirectional ring cavity. [Formula: see text] quantum dot nanostructure is based on our recent paper [S. H. Asadpour, Z. Golsanamlou and H. R. Soleimani, Physica E 54 (2013) 45]. It is found that intensity threshold of optical bistability can be manipulated by signal intensity of applied fields. Moreover, we find that phase variation of terahertz signal field can also affect the behaviors of optical bistability and hysteresis loop.
A Scheme For Inviscid Compressible Flow, Considering A Gas In Thermo–Chemical Equilibrium
Authors: Saldia J. , Elaskar S. , Tamagno J.
Published: May 2015

A finite volume scheme for the solution of the unsteady 1D Euler equations, considering the working gas in thermo-chemical equilibrium, is presented. To achieve total variation diminishing (TVD) properties in the numerical scheme, a technique proposed by the co-authors, based on the use of different limiter functions in each wave of the Riemann problem, is applied. By proper selection of the limiter functions, the unwanted effects of the numerical viscosity on the capture of contact discontinuities are reduced, but without losing robustness in shock waves resolution. With the aim of evaluating the developed numerical scheme, results obtained solving several Riemann problems, specially selected for this specific purpose, are presented.
miR-29c induction contributes to downregulation of vascular extracellular matrix proteins by glucocorticoids
Authors: Chuang Tsai-Der , Pearce William J. , Khorram Omid
Published: May 2015

Maternal undernutrition increases maternal glucocorticoids (GCs) and alters microRNA expression in offspring. Given that the mechanisms of GC action on vascular development are not clear, this study examined the influence of GCs on microRNA 29c (miR-29c) and its predicted targets in primary rat aorta smooth muscle cells (RAOSMCs). Dexamethasone (Dex) and corticosterone (Cor) time-dependently increased miR-29c expression and reduced collagen type III (Col3A1), collagen type IV (Col4A5), elastin (ELN), and matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP2) protein in RAOSMCs. These effects were blocked by mifepristone. These genes were also targeted by miR-29c, as confirmed by a significant decrease in luciferase reporter activity of Col3A1 (34%), Col4A5 (45%), ELN (17%), and MMP2 (28%). In cells transfected with reporter plasmids, including the 3′-untranslated region of genes targeted by miR-29c, treatment with Dex or Cor also resulted in decreases in luciferase activity. Gain or loss of function of miR-29c significantly altered mRNA expression of Col3A1 (26% and 26%, respectively), Col4A5 (28% and 32%, respectively), and MMP2 (24% and 14%, respectively) but did not affect ELN. Gain or loss of function of miR-29c also significantly altered protein levels of Col3A1 (51% and 16%, respectively), Col4A5 (56% and 22%, respectively), ELN (53% and 71%, respectively), and MMP2 (28% and 53%, respectively). Coincubation of anti-miR-29c with Dex or Cor partially attenuated the effects of these steroids on protein expression of Col3A1 (25% and 24%, respectively), Col4A5 (26% and 44%, respectively), ELN (31% and 55%, respectively), and MMP2 (46% and 26%, respectively) in RAOSMCs compared with anti-miR negative controls. Our results demonstrate that GCs regulate the expression of Col3A1, Col4A5, ELN, and MMP2, at least in part, through induction of miR-29c.
Changes in glomerular parietal epithelial cells in mouse kidneys with advanced age
Authors: Roeder Sebastian S. , Stefanska Ania , Eng Diana G. , Kaverina Natalya , Sunseri Maria W. , McNicholas Bairbre A. , Rabinovitch Peter , Engel Felix B. , Daniel Christoph , Amann Kerstin , Lichtnekert Julia , Pippin Jeffrey W. , Shankland Stuart J.
Published: May 2015

Kidney aging is accompanied by characteristic changes in the glomerulus, but little is known about the effect of aging on glomerular parietal epithelial cells (PECs), nor if the characteristic glomerular changes in humans and rats also occur in very old mice. Accordingly, a descriptive analysis was undertaken in 27-mo-old C57B6 mice, considered advanced age. PEC density was significantly lower in older mice compared with young mice (aged 3 mo), and the decrease was more pronounced in juxtamedullary glomeruli compared with outer cortical glomeruli. In addition to segmental and global glomerulosclerosis in older mice, staining for matrix proteins collagen type IV and heparan sulfate proteoglycan were markedly increased in Bowman's capsules of older mouse glomeruli, consistent with increased extracellular matrix production by PECs. De novo staining for CD44, a marker of activated and profibrotic PECs, was significantly increased in aged glomeruli. CD44 staining was more pronounced in the juxtamedullary region and colocalized with phosphorylated ERK. Additionally, a subset of aged PECs de novo expressed the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition markers α-smooth muscle and vimentin, with no changes in epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition markers E-cadherin and β-catenin. The mural cell markers neural/glial antigen 2, PDGF receptor-β, and CD146 as well as Notch 3 were also substantially increased in aged PECs. These data show that mice can be used to better understand the aging kidney and that PECs undergo substantial changes, especially in juxtamedullary glomeruli, that may participate in the overall decline in glomerular structure and function with advancing age.
Inhibition of COX-1 attenuates the formation of thromboxane A2and ameliorates the acute decrease in glomerular filtration rate in endotoxemic mice
Authors: Mederle Katharina , Meurer Manuel , Castrop Hayo , Höcherl Klaus
Published: May 2015

Thromboxane (Tx) A2has been suggested to be involved in the development of sepsis-induced acute kidney injury (AKI). Therefore, we investigated the impact of cyclooxygenase (COX)-1 and COX-2 activity on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced renal TxA2formation, and on endotoxemia-induced AKI in mice. Injection of LPS (3 mg/kg ip) decreased glomerular filtration rate (GFR) and the amount of thrombocytes to ∼50% of basal values after 4 h. Plasma and renocortical tissue levels of TxB2were increased ∼10- and 1.7-fold in response to LPS, respectively. The COX-1 inhibitor SC-560 attenuated the LPS-induced fall in GFR and in platelet count to ∼75% of basal levels. Furthermore, SC-560 abolished the increase in plasma and renocortical tissue levels of TxB2in response to LPS. The COX-2 inhibitor SC-236 further enhanced the LPS-induced decrease in GFR to ∼40% of basal values. SC-236 did not alter thrombocyte levels nor the LPS-induced increase in plasma and renocortical tissue levels of TxB2. Pretreatment with clopidogrel inhibited the LPS-induced drop in thrombocyte count, but did not attenuate the LPS-induced decrease in GFR and the increase in plasma TxB2levels. This study demonstrates that endotoxemia-induced TxA2formation depends on the activity of COX-1. Our study further indicates that the COX-1 inhibitor SC-560 has a protective effect on the decrease in renal function in response to endotoxin. Therefore, our data support a role for TxA2in the development of AKI in response to LPS.
No unified reward prediction error in local field potentials from the human nucleus accumbens: evidence from epilepsy patients
Authors: Stenner Max-Philipp , Rutledge Robb B. , Zaehle Tino , Schmitt Friedhelm C. , Kopitzki Klaus , Kowski Alexander B. , Voges Jürgen , Heinze Hans-Jochen , Dolan Raymond J.
Published: May 2015

Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), cyclic voltammetry, and single-unit electrophysiology studies suggest that signals measured in the nucleus accumbens (Nacc) during value-based decision making represent reward prediction errors (RPEs), the difference between actual and predicted rewards. Here, we studied the precise temporal and spectral pattern of reward-related signals in the human Nacc. We recorded local field potentials (LFPs) from the Nacc of six epilepsy patients during an economic decision-making task. On each trial, patients decided whether to accept or reject a gamble with equal probabilities of a monetary gain or loss. The behavior of four patients was consistent with choices being guided by value expectations. Expected value signals before outcome onset were observed in three of those patients, at varying latencies and with nonoverlapping spectral patterns. Signals after outcome onset were correlated with RPE regressors in all subjects. However, further analysis revealed that these signals were better explained as outcome valence rather than RPE signals, with gamble gains and losses differing in the power of beta oscillations and in evoked response amplitudes. Taken together, our results do not support the idea that postsynaptic potentials in the Nacc represent a RPE that unifies outcome magnitude and prior value expectation. We discuss the generalizability of our findings to healthy individuals and the relation of our results to measurements of RPE signals obtained from the Nacc with other methods.
Carnitine Deficiency and Pregnancy
Authors: de Bruyn Anouk , Jacquemyn Yves , Kinget Kristof , Eyskens François
Published: May 2015

We present two cases of carnitine deficiency in pregnancy. In our first case, systematic screening revealed L-carnitine deficiency in the first born of an asymptomatic mother. In the course of her second pregnancy, maternal carnitine levels showed a deficiency as well. In a second case, a mother known with carnitine deficiency under supplementation was followed throughout her pregnancy. Both pregnancies had an uneventful outcome. Because carnitine deficiency can have serious complications, supplementation with carnitine is advised. This supplementation should be continued throughout pregnancy according to plasma concentrations.
Nontuberculous Mycobacterial Ocular Infections: A Systematic Review of the Literature
Authors: Kheir Wajiha J. , Sheheitli Huda , Abdul Fattah Maamoun , Hamam Rola N.
Published: May 2015

Nontuberculous or atypical mycobacterial ocular infections have been increasing in prevalence over the past few decades. They are known to cause periocular, adnexal, ocular surface and intraocular infections and are often recalcitrant to medical therapy. These infections can potentially cause detrimental outcomes, in part due to a delay in diagnosis. We review 174 case reports and series on nontuberculous mycobacterial (NTM) ocular infections and discuss etiology, microbiology, risk factors, diagnosis, clinical presentation, and treatment of these infections. History of interventions, trauma, foreign bodies, implants, contact lenses, and steroids are linked to NTM ocular infections. Steroid use may prolong the duration of the infection and cause poorer visual outcomes. Early diagnosis and initiation of treatment with multiple antibiotics are necessary to achieve the best visual outcome.
Nontuberculous Mycobacteria in Noncystic Fibrosis Bronchiectasis
Authors: Bonaiti Giulia , Pesci Alberto , Marruchella Almerico , Lapadula Giuseppe , Gori Andrea , Aliberti Stefano
Published: May 2015

During the past decades, a growing interest has been raised in evaluating nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) in patients with noncystic fibrosis bronchiectasis (NCFBE). This paper reviews several aspects of the correlations between NTM and NCFBE, including pathogenesis, radiological features, diagnosis, and management. Bronchiectasis and NTM lung disease are connected, but which one comes first is still an unresolved question. The rate of NTM lung disease in NCFBE varies through the studies, from 5% to 30%. The most frequent species isolated is MAC. NCFBE patients affected by NTM infection frequently present coinfections, including both other different NTM species and microorganisms, such asP. aeruginosa. Once a diagnosis of NTM disease has been reached, the initiation of therapy is not always mandatory. NTM species isolated, patients’ conditions, and disease severity and its evolution should be considered. Risk factors for disease progression in NCFBE patients with NTM are low body mass index, cavitary disease, consolidations, and macrolide resistance at presentation.
Serum IGFBP-2 and Risk of Atypical Hyperplasia of the Breast
Authors: Catsburg Chelsea , Gunter Marc J. , Tinker Lesley , Chlebowski Rowan T. , Pollak Michael , Strickler Howard D. , Cote Michele L. , Page David L. , Rohan Thomas E.
Published: May 2015

Atypical hyperplasia of the breast (AH) is associated with increased risk of subsequent invasive breast cancer, yet little is known about the etiology of AH. Insulin-like growth factor binding protein 2 (IGFBP-2) may contribute to the development of AH due to its proliferative effects on mammary tissue. We conducted a nested case-control study of postmenopausal women enrolled in Women’s Health Initiative-Clinical Trial. Cases were 275 women who developed incident AH during follow-up, individually (1 : 1) matched to controls. Levels of IGFBP-2 were determined from fasting serum collected at baseline. Multivariable conditional logistic regression models were used to estimate odds ratios for the association of IGFBP-2 with risk of AH. Serum IGFBP-2 was associated with a nonsignificant decrease in risk for AH, when comparing the highest quartile to lowest quartile (OR = 0.65; 95% CI = 0.32–1.31). This decrease in risk was most evident when analyses were restricted to nondiabetic, nonusers of hormone therapy (OR = 0.33, 95% CI = 0.13–0.86,ptrend= 0.06) and nondiabetic women who were overweight or obese (OR = 0.43, 95% CI = 0.18–1.03,ptrend= 0.05). Results from this study provide some support for an inverse association between serum IGFBP2 levels and risk of AH, particularly in nondiabetic women who are overweight or obese. Further studies are required to confirm these results.
Keyword Search over Probabilistic XML Documents Based on Node Classification
Authors: Zhao Yue , Yuan Ye , Wang Guoren
Published: May 2015

This paper describes a keyword search measure on probabilistic XML data based on ELM (extreme learning machine). We use this method to carry out keyword search on probabilistic XML data. A probabilistic XML document differs from a traditional XML document to realize keyword search in the consideration of possible world semantics. A probabilistic XML document can be seen as a set of nodes consisting of ordinary nodes and distributional nodes. ELM has good performance in text classification applications. As the typical semistructured data; the label of XML data possesses the function of definition itself. Label and context of the node can be seen as the text data of this node. ELM offers significant advantages such as fast learning speed, ease of implementation, and effective node classification. Set intersection can compute SLCA quickly in the node sets which is classified by using ELM. In this paper, we adopt ELM to classify nodes and compute probability. We propose two algorithms that are based on ELM and probability threshold to improve the overall performance. The experimental results verify the benefits of our methods according to various evaluation metrics.
Physicochemical Analysis of the Polydimethylsiloxane Interlayer Influence on a Hydroxyapatite Doped with Silver Coating
Authors: Popa C. L. , Groza A. , Chapon P. , Ciobanu C. S. , Ghita R. V. , Trusca R. , Ganciu M. , Predoi D.
Published: May 2015

We investigate by different complementary methods the processes occurring when a polydimethylsiloxane film is used as interlayer for a silver doped hydroxyapatite coating. The X‐ray diffraction and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy measurements show that the hydroxyapatite doped with silver is in a crystalline form and some ions formation takes place at the surface and in the bulk of the new hydroxyapatite doped with silver/polydimethylsiloxane composite layer. The possibility of ions incorporation in the structure of silver doped hydroxyapatite by the mechanism of / ions substitution is analysed. The new formed silver doped hydroxyapatite/polydimethylsiloxane composite layer is compact, homogeneous, with no cracks as it was shown by Scanning Electron Microscopy and Glow Discharge Optical Emission Spectrometry.
Minimum-Energy Multiwavelet Frame on the Interval[0,1]
Authors: Zhu Fengjuan , Huang Yongdong , Feng Xiao , Li Qiufu
Published: May 2015

Drawing inspiration from the idea of combining multiwavelets on the interval with frame theory organically, we study minimum-energy multiwavelet frame on the interval[0,1](MEMWFI). Firstly, left boundary multiscaling functions, right boundary multiscaling functions, and the definition of MEMWFI are put forward, and the equivalent characterizations of MEMWFI are given. Then, two algorithms of constructing MEMWFI are proposed. Finally, the decomposition formula, reconstruction formulas, and numerical examples are given.
Stiff Person Syndrome: A Rare Neurological Disorder, Heterogeneous in Clinical Presentation and Not Easy to Treat
Authors: Buechner Susanne , Florio Igor , Capone Loredana
Published: May 2015

Background. Stiff person syndrome (SPS) is a rare neurological disorder characterized by progressive rigidity of axial and limb muscles associated with painful spasms. SPS can be classified into classic SPS, paraneoplastic SPS, and SPS variants. Its underlying pathogenesis is probably autoimmune, as in most cases antibodies against glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD) are observed. Similarly, paraneoplastic SPS is usually linked to anti-amphiphysin antibodies. Treatment is based on drugs enhancing gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) transmission and immunomodulatory agents.Case Series. Patient 1 is a 45-year-old male affected by the classic SPS, Patient 2 is a 73-year-old male affected by paraneoplastic SPS, and Patient 3 is a 68-year-old male affected by the stiff limb syndrome, a SPS variant where symptoms are confined to the limbs. Symptoms, diagnostic findings, and clinical course were extremely variable in the three patients, and treatment was often unsatisfactory and not well tolerated, thus reducing patient compliance. Clinical manifestations also included some unusual features such as recurrent vomiting and progressive dysarthria.Conclusions. SPS is a rare disorder that causes significant disability. Because of its extensive clinical variability, a multitask and personalized treatment is indicated. A clearer understanding of uncommon clinical features and better-tolerated therapeutic strategies are still needed.
Extreme Learning Machine for Reservoir Parameter Estimation in Heterogeneous Sandstone Reservoir
Authors: Cao Jianhua , Yang Jucheng , Wang Yan , Wang Dan , Shi Yancui
Published: May 2015

This study focuses on reservoir parameter estimation using extreme learning machine in heterogeneous sandstone reservoir. The specific aim of work is to obtain accurate porosity and permeability which has proven to be difficult by conventional petrophysical methods in wells without core data. 4950 samples from 8 wells with core data have been used to train and validate the neural network, and robust ELM algorithm provides fast and accurate prediction results, which is also testified by comparison with BP (back propagation) network and SVM (support vector machine) approaches. The network model is then applied to estimate porosity and permeability for the remaining wells. The predicted attributes match well with the oil test conclusions. Based on the estimations, reservoir porosity and permeability have been mapped and analyzed. Two favorable zones have been suggested for further research in the survey.
Zero-Disturbance Control of Free-Floating Space Manipulators Using Integral-Type Sliding Mode Control
Authors: Li Heping , Li Ren
Published: May 2015

A free-floating space manipulator is an underactuated system, of which the spacecraft is permitted to rotate freely in response to the manipulator motions. The dynamic coupling property between the spacecraft and the manipulator makes motion control of such systems a significant challenge. In the paper, a zero-disturbance control method for free-floating space manipulators operating in task space is presented. An explicit direct relationship between the spacecraft attitude quaternions and the manipulator joint variables is established using nonholonomic constraints of the angular momentum conservation. By this means the kinematic redundancy of the system is used to adjust the spacecraft attitude. An integral-type sliding mode controller with adaptive switching gains is developed for coordinated motion control of the spacecraft and the manipulator. Simulations on three-link planar model show that the spacecraft remains undisturbed during the whole process of manipulations, which confirms the effectiveness of the proposed method.
Fault Tolerance Automotive Air-Ratio Control Using Extreme Learning Machine Model Predictive Controller
Authors: Wong Pak Kin , Wong Hang Cheong , Vong Chi Man , Iong Tong Meng , Wong Ka In , Gao Xianghui
Published: May 2015

Effective air-ratio control is desirable to maintain the best engine performance. However, traditional air-ratio control assumes the lambda sensor located at the tail pipe works properly and relies strongly on the air-ratio feedback signal measured by the lambda sensor. When the sensor is warming up during cold start or under failure, the traditional air-ratio control no longer works. To address this issue, this paper utilizes an advanced modelling technique, kernel extreme learning machine (ELM), to build a backup air-ratio model. With the prediction from the model, a limited air-ratio control performance can be maintained even when the lambda sensor does not work. Such strategy is realized as fault tolerance control. In order to verify the effectiveness of the proposed fault tolerance air-ratio control strategy, a model predictive control scheme is constructed based on the kernel ELM backup air-ratio model and implemented on a real engine. Experimental results show that the proposed controller can regulate the air-ratio to specific target values within a satisfactory tolerance under external disturbance and the absence of air-ratio feedback signal from the lambda sensor. This implies that the proposed fault tolerance air-ratio control is a promising scheme to maintain air-ratio control performance when the lambda sensor is under failure or warming up.
Epithelial Downgrowth after Intraocular Surgery Treated with Intracameral 5-Fluorouracil
Authors: Ni Nina , Goldberg Marc A. , Eagle Ralph C. , Rapuano Christopher J. , Haller Julia A.
Published: May 2015

Purpose. To present the clinical and histopathologic correlation of two cases of epithelial downgrowth (EDG) after prior intraocular surgery.Methods. Observational case reports.Results. We present two cases of EDG occurring after intraocular surgery. In both cases, after two anterior chamber injections of 5-fluorouracil (5FU), the area of EDG initially regressed. In Case 1, a limited area of EDG eventually recurred, and penetrating keratoplasty with cryotherapy was curative. In Case 2, subsequent corneal edema required Descemet-stripping automated endothelial keratoplasty, and the patient remained clinically free of EDG without further treatment.Conclusion. Intracameral 5FU may have a role in the treatment of EDG after intraocular surgery, though its precise utilization and impact remain to be defined.
Data-Driven Dynamic Modeling for Prediction of Molten Iron Silicon Content Using ELM with Self-Feedback
Authors: Zhou Ping , Yuan Meng , Wang Hong , Chai Tianyou
Published: May 2015

Silicon content ([Si] for short) of the molten metal is an important index reflecting the product quality and thermal status of the blast furnace (BF) ironmaking process. Since the online detection of [Si] is difficult and larger time delay exists in the offline assay procedure, quality modeling is required to achieve online estimation of [Si]. Focusing on this problem, a data-driven dynamic modeling method is proposed using improved extreme learning machine (ELM) with the help of principle component analysis (PCA). First, data-driven PCA is introduced to pick out the most pivotal variables from multitudinous factors to serve as the secondary variables of modeling. Second, a novel data-driven ELM modeling technology with good generalization performance and nonlinear mapping capability is presented by applying a self-feedback structure on traditional ELM. The feedback outputs at previous time together with input variables at different time constitute a dynamic ELM structure which has a storage ability to tackle data in different time and overcomes the limitation of static modeling of traditional ELM. At last, industrial experiments demonstrate that the proposed method has a better modeling and estimating accuracy as well as a faster learning speed when compared with different modeling methods with different model structures.
Uric Acid as a Marker of Kidney Disease: Review of the Current Literature
Authors: Giordano Christin , Karasik Olga , King-Morris Kelli , Asmar Abdo
Published: May 2015

Uric acid has been implicated in the pathophysiology of renal disease; however renal clearance makes a causal relationship difficult to prove. We examine the current literature to support a potential role of uric acid in the development of kidney disease and to determine the potential to use uric acid as a marker for future renal decline. After review, we conclude that uric acid is definitively linked to the development of chronic kidney disease and can be a poor prognostic factor for the development of acute renal failure, as well. However, further human research is needed before predictive models utilizing uric acid can be developed and used in the clinical setting.
Modeling Message Queueing Services with Reliability Guarantee in Cloud Computing Environment Using Colored Petri Nets
Authors: Li Jing , Cui Yidong , Ma Yan
Published: May 2015

Motivated by the need for loosely coupled and asynchronous dissemination of information, message queues are widely used in large-scale application areas. With the advent of virtualization technology, cloud-based message queueing services (CMQSs) with distributed computing and storage are widely adopted to improve availability, scalability, and reliability; however, a critical issue is its performance and the quality of service (QoS). While numerous approaches evaluating system performance are available, there is no modeling approach for estimating and analyzing the performance of CMQSs. In this paper, we employ both the analytical and simulation modeling to address the performance of CMQSs with reliability guarantee. We present a visibility-based modeling approach (VMA) for simulation model using colored Petri nets (CPN). Our model incorporates the important features of message queueing services in the cloud such as replication, message consistency, resource virtualization, and especially the mechanism named visibility timeout which is adopted in the services to guarantee system reliability. Finally, we evaluate our model through different experiments under varied scenarios to obtain important performance metrics such as total message delivery time, waiting number, and components utilization. Our results reveal considerable insights into resource scheduling and system configuration for service providers to estimate and gain performance optimization.
Theoretical Calculation and Analysis on the Composite Rock-Bolt Bearing Structure in Burst-Prone Ground
Authors: Cheng Liang , Zhang Yidong , Ji Ming , Cui Mantang , Zhang Kai , Zhang Minglei
Published: May 2015

Given the increase in mining depth and intensity, tunnel failure as a result of rock burst has become an important issue in the field of mining engineering in China. Based on the Composite Rock-Bolt Bearing Structure, which is formed due to the interaction of the bolts driven into the surrounding rock, this paper analyzes a rock burst prevention mechanism, establishes a mechanical model in burst-prone ground, deduces the strength calculation formula of the Composite Rock-Bolt Bearing Structure in burst-prone ground, and confirms the rock burst prevention criterion of the Composite Rock-Bolt Bearing Structure. According to the rock burst prevention criterion, the amount of the influence on rock burst prevention ability from the surrounding rock parameters and bolt support parameters is discussed.
A Case of Fulminant Hepatitis due to Echovirus 9 in a Patient on Maintenance Rituximab Therapy for Follicular Lymphoma
Authors: Morgan Ceri , Thomson S. J. , Legg Joanne , Narat Santosh
Published: May 2015

Rituximab is a CD20 monoclonal antibody commonly used in the treatment of haematological malignancies. It causes lymphopenia with subsequent compromised humoral immunity resulting in an increased risk of infection. A number of infections and viral reactivations have been described as complicating Rituximab therapy. We report an apparently unique case of echovirus 9 (an enterovirus) infection causing an acute hepatitis and significant morbidity in an adult patient on maintenance treatment of Rituximab for follicular lymphoma. We also describe potential missed opportunities to employ more robust screening for viral infections which may have prevented delays in the appropriate treatment and thus may have altered the patient’s clinical course. We also make suggestions for lowering the threshold of viral testing in similar patients in the future.
Posterior Reversible Encephalopathy Syndrome Secondary to CSF Leak and Intracranial Hypotension: A Case Report and Literature Review
Authors: Hammad Tariq , DeDent Alison , Algahtani Rami , Alastal Yaseen , Elmer Lawrence , Medhkour Azedine , Safi Fadi , Assaly Ragheb
Published: May 2015

Posterior Reversible Encephalopathy Syndrome (PRES) is a clinical neuroradiological condition characterized by insidious onset of neurological symptoms associated with radiological findings indicating posterior leukoencephalopathy. PRES secondary to cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leak leading to intracranial hypotension is not well recognized etiology of this condition. Herein, we report a case of PRES that occurred in the setting of CSF leak due to inadvertent dural puncture. Patient underwent suturing of the dural defect. Subsequently, his symptoms resolved and a repeated brain MRI showed resolution of brain lesions. The pathophysiology and mechanistic model for developing PRES in the setting of intracranial hypotension were discussed. We further highlighted the importance of tight blood pressure control in patients with CSF leak and suspected intracranial hypotension because they are more vulnerable to develop PRES with normal or slightly elevated bleed pressure values.
The Clinical Efficacy and Safety of Ertapenem for the Treatment of Complicated Urinary Tract Infections Caused by ESBL-Producing Bacteria in Children
Authors: Karaaslan Ayse , Kadayifci Eda Kepenekli , Atici Serkan , Akkoc Gulsen , Yakut Nurhayat , Öcal Demir Sevliya , Soysal Ahmet , Bakir Mustafa
Published: May 2015

Background. Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are common and important clinical problem in childhood, and extended-spectrum-beta-lactamase- (ESBL-) producing organisms are the leading cause of healthcare-related UTIs. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the clinical efficacy and safety of ertapenem therapy in children with complicated UTIs caused by ESBL-producing organisms.Methods. Seventy-seven children with complicated UTIs caused by ESBL-producing organisms were included in this retrospective study, and all had been treated with ertapenem between January 2013 and June 2014.Results. Sixty-one (79%) females and sixteen (21%) males with a mean ± standard deviation (SD) age of76.6±52months (range 3–204, median 72 months) were enrolled in this study.Escherichia coli(E. coli) (n=67; 87%) was the most common bacterial cause of the UTIs followed byKlebsiella pneumoniae(K. pneumoniae) (n=9; 11.7%) andEnterobacter cloacae(E. cloacae) (n=1; 1.3%). The mean duration of the ertapenem therapy was8.9±1.6days (range 4–11). No serious drug-related clinical or laboratory adverse effects were observed, and the ertapenem therapy was found to be safe and well tolerated in the children in our study.Conclusion. Ertapenem is a newer carbapenem with the advantage of once-daily dosing and is highly effective for treating UTIs caused by ESBL-producing microorganisms.
Supplementation ofCitrus maximaPeel Powder Prevented Oxidative Stress, Fibrosis, and Hepatic Damage in Carbon Tetrachloride (CCl4) Treated Rats
Authors: Chowdhury Mohammed Riaz Hasan , Sagor Md Abu Taher , Tabassum Nabila , Potol Md Abdullah , Hossain Hemayet , Alam Md Ashraful
Published: May 2015

Citrus maximapeel is rich in natural phenolic compounds and has a long use in the traditional medicine. HPLC-DAD analysis onCitrus maximapeel powder exhibited the presence of various phenolic compounds such as caffeic acid and (−)-epicatechin. To determine the plausible hepatoprotective activity ofCitrus maximapeel powder, we used carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) treated rat model. Liver damage in rats was confirmed by measuring the AST, ALT, and ALP enzyme activities. In addition, lipid peroxidation products (MDA), nitric oxide, advanced protein oxidation products level (APOP), and catalase activities were also analyzed along with the histological profiling for the inflammatory cell infiltration, collagen, and iron deposition in liver. Dietary supplementation ofCitrus maximapeel powder exhibited significant reduction of serum AST, ALT, and ALP activities in carbon tetrachloride treated rats. Moreover,Citrus maximapeel powder also showed a significant reduction of the oxidative stress markers (MDA, NO, and APOP level) and restored the catalase activity in CCl4treated rats. Histological examination of the liver section revealed reduced inflammatory cells infiltration, collagen, and iron deposition in CCl4treated rats. The results from this study demonstrated thatCitrus maximapeel powder produced significant hepatoprotective action in CCl4administered rats.
Dynamic Response of Rub Caused by a Shedding Annular Component Happening in a Steam Turbine
Authors: Chen J. M. , Jiang D. X. , Wang N. F. , An S. P.
Published: May 2015

Rub caused by a shedding annular component is a severe fault happening in a steam turbine, which could result in a long-term wearing effect on the shaft. The shafting abrasion defects shortened the service life and damaged the unit. To identify the fault in time, the dynamic response of rub caused by a shedding annular component was studied as follows: (I) a rotor-bearing model was established based on the structural features of certain steam turbines; node-to-node contact constraint and penalty method were utilized to analyze the impact and friction; (II) dynamic response of the rotor-bearing system and the shedding component was simulated with the development of rub after the component was dropping; (III) fault features were extracted from the vibration near the bearing position by time-domain and frequency-domain analysis. The results indicate that the shedding annular component would not only rotate pivoting its axis but also revolve around the shaft after a period of time. Under the excitation of the contact force, the peak-peak vibration fluctuates greatly. The frequency spectrum contains two main components, that is, the working rotating frequency and revolving frequency. The same phenomenon was observed from the historical data in the field.
Small-Size Seven-Band WWAN/LTE Antenna with Distributed LC Resonant Circuit for Smartphone Application
Authors: Liang Yan-Wu , Zhou Hao-Miao
Published: May 2015

A compact small-size coupled-fed antenna composed of an inverted L-shaped feeding strip and a shorting strip with double branches for the WWAN/LTE bands operation in the internal smartphone application is presented. With the help of a novel distributed LC resonant circuit, the proposed antenna can not only realize the miniaturization (15 × 28 × 4 mm3) and multiband to cover 2G/3G/4G bands but also be tuned and optimized easily. The measured bandwidth with 3 : 1 VSWR is 163 MHz (804–967 MHz) at the low-band and 1615 MHz (1665–3280 MHz) at the high-band. What is more, the lowest measured efficiency in the whole frequency band is more than 52% for practical applications. The operating principles and main parameters are detailed below. And successful simulation, fabrication, and measurement of the proposed antenna are shown in this paper.