bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Design and debugging of communication between controller and Kingview based on CAN bus
Authors: Wang G. , Luo X.
Published: August 2013

By selecting hardware, erecting CAN network structure and adopting appropriate software and standard communication protocol to debug the system, the system realizes the data communication between controller and Kingview based on CAN bus. At the same time?with the detailed description of the debugging process and the validation of debugging results, the system realizes the monitor to controller by programming computer through CAN bus and the CAN data have been in a state of monitoring in the whole process. Testing results show that the system has good reliability, real-time and practicality, and shows the advantages of CAN bus.
Layman's method to verify Goldbach's conjectures
Authors: Chang Y.
Published: August 2013

Goldbach conjecture of prime numbers is one of the unsolved mathematical problems. Many trial solutions appeared in the literature, but so far none has been accepted by the mathematics societies. This paper describes a graphical method devised by me to explain the mystery of the said conjecture. My method based on the teachings of analytical geometry using a rectangular coordinate frame with even numbers as ordinates and prime numbers as abscissas. Straight lines with 45 degree slop and intercepets of varying prime numbers on the ordinate are drawn to meet all the vertical straight draw grom the abscissas. These diagonal lines are designated as separation lines and identified by its intercept number. The intersection of vertical abscissa line, the separation line and a horizontal line drawn from the ordinates shows the relationship of an even number and its pair of prime numbers. These intersections vividly appear on the horizontal even number line and can be easily seen. This method is a graphical version of binary combination of prime numbers and can locate the prime-pairs of any even nuber by drawing a family of separation lines.
Challenges and Methodologies of Fully Automatic Whole Heart Segmentation: A Review
Authors: Zhuang Xiahai
Published: August 2013

Whole heart segmentation from magnetic resonance imaging or computed tomography is a prerequisite for many clinical applications. Since manual delineation can be tedious and subject to bias, automating such segmentation becomes increasingly popular in the image computing field. However, fully automatic whole heart segmentation is challenging and only limited studies were reported in the literature. This article reviews the existing techniques and analyzes the challenges and methodologies. The techniques are classified in terms of the types of the prior models and the algorithms used to fit the model to unseen images. The prior models include the atlases and the deformable models, and the fitting algorithms are further decomposed into four key techniques including localization of the whole heart, initialization of substructures, refinement of boundary delineation, and regularization of shapes. Finally, the validation issues, challenges, and future directions are discussed.
Design of Electronic Medical Record User Interfaces: A Matrix‐Based Method for Improving Usability
Authors: Kuqi Kushtrim , Eveleigh Tim , Holzer Thomas , Sarkani Shahryar , Levin James E. , Crowley Rebecca S.
Published: August 2013

This study examines a new approach of using the Design Structure Matrix (DSM) modeling technique to improve the design of Electronic Medical Record (EMR) user interfaces. The usability of an EMR medication dosage calculator used for placing orders in an academic hospital setting was investigated. The proposed method captures and analyzes the interactions between user interface elements of the EMR system and groups elements based on information exchange, spatial adjacency, and similarity to improve screen density and time‐on‐task. Medication dose adjustment task time was recorded for the existing and new designs using a cognitive simulation model that predicts user performance. We estimate that the design improvement could reduce time‐on‐task by saving an average of 21 hours of hospital physicians’ time over the course of a month. The study suggests that the application of DSM can improve the usability of an EMR user interface.
Formas nominales y pronominales de tratamiento: perspectivas de estudios contrastivos en el ámbito sociopragmático
Authors: Baran Marek
Published: August 2013

NOMINAL AND PRONOMINAL FORMS OF ADDRESS: PERSPECTIVES OF SOCIOPRAGMATIC CONTRASTIVE STUDIES

The subject of the article is a contrastive analysis of pronominal and nominal forms of address in Polish and Spanish. In the case of the first class of addressative forms, the author focuses his attention on functional differences that are conditioned, among other things, by a slightly different sociopragmatic conceptualization of proximity and distance in both languages (hence, the symmetry of T/T relation dominant in Spanish is juxtaposed with the formal V/V symmetry typical of Polish). As far as nominal addressative forms are concerned, the updating of professional and academic titles characteristic of the Polish-speaking community is emphasized; the Spanish nominal addressative system is, in its turn, characterized as having the hallmarks of exclamatory-appealing style.
On the tip of my tongue
Authors: Warr Tracey
Published: August 2013

A discursive account and photo-essay covering the author’s participation in Writing Practice: A Celebration of Writing Pad at Arnolfini, Bristol and Translating: Paired Practice in London, 2012, and the author’s own writing on contemporary artists and text-based teaching with Fine Art students.
A critical response (Louis Thompson, Hive), ‘Jerwood Makers Open’, Jerwood Space, London, Summer 2012
Authors: Wilson Conor
Published: August 2013

A short, experimental text produced in the gallery that draws on the Object-Oriented Ontology of Graham Harman – a ‘flat’ ontology, in which there are no subject–object relations, only objects relating to, and withdrawing from, other objects. It is an attempt to write about an artwork from multiple points of view – the space, the work, the audience and the artist.
Making language: Impetus, workshop and visual languages
Authors: Edwards Harriet , Cho Yen-Ting
Published: August 2013

This article is based on the workshop, Making Language, although originally prompted by RCA research students and their grappling with translation. For example, despite a long simplification and westernization of Chinese language signifying moves away from pictorial origins based on nature, there still appears to be a great looseness about translation from Chinese to English. As with the world of images, there would appear to be more open choices. Conversely, translation of UK academic codes can be a daunting task in terms of what lies behind the surface meaning of words – the indirect and the ironic. The workshop saw an imaginative engagement with translating thought into image and then word, with partners guessing meaning and discussing what it felt like to communicate in this more visual manner – an empathetic practice then, too. The article describes a small foray only into what is a much larger area.
Vanishing resonance and representations of Lie algebras
Authors: Papadima Stefan , Suciu Alexander I.
Published: August 2013

We explore a relationship between the classical representation
theory of a complex, semisimple Lie algebra 𝔤 and the
resonance varieties

ℛ

(
V
,
K
)

⊂

V
*

${\mathcal {R}}(V,K)\subset V^*$

attached to irreducible
𝔤-modules V and submodules

K
⊂
V
∧
V

$K\subset V\wedge V$

.
In the process, we give a precise roots-and-weights criterion insuring
the vanishing of these varieties, or, equivalently, the finite-dimensionality
as ℂ-vector spaces of certain modules

𝒲
(
V
,
K
)

$\mathcal {W}(V,K)$

over the
symmetric algebra on V. In the case when

𝔤
=

𝔰𝔩
2

(
ℂ
)

${\mathfrak {g}}={\mathfrak {sl}}_2(\mathbb {C})$

, our
approach sheds new light on the modules studied by Weyman
and Eisenbud in the context of Green's conjecture
on free resolutions of canonical curves. In the
case when

𝔤
=

𝔰𝔩
n

(
ℂ
)

${\mathfrak {g}}={\mathfrak {sl}}_n(\mathbb {C})$

or

𝔰𝔭

2
g

(
ℂ
)

${\mathfrak {sp}}_{2g}(\mathbb {C})$

,
our approach yields a unified proof of two
vanishing results for the resonance varieties
of the (outer) Torelli groups of surface groups,
results which arose in recent work by Dimca,
Hain, and the authors on homological finiteness
in the Johnson filtration of mapping class groups
and automorphism groups of free groups.
Therapeutic delivery using cell-penetrating peptides
Authors: Sawant Rupa R. , Patel Niravkumar R. , Torchilin Vladimir P.
Published: August 2013

Intracellular delivery of promising therapeutic agents as well as nanocarriers presents a unique challenge. However, with the discovery of the cell-penetrating peptides (CPPs), overcoming this obstacle seems more plausible. In many cases, CPPs conjugated with therapeutic agent or therapeutic agent loaded-nanoparticles have shown promising results via increased cellular uptake. In this review, the current status of CPPs for the intracellular delivery of not just potential therapeutic small molecules but also large molecules like peptides, nucleic acids and nanocarriers is discussed. In addition, the design of ‘smart stimuli-sensitive nanocarrier’ to overcome the non-target-specificity of CPPs is also described.
From Ideal Reactor Concepts to Reality: The Novel Drum Reactor for Photocatalytic Wastewater Treatment
Authors: Adams Morgan , Campbell Ian , McCullagh Cathy , Russell Donnacha , Bahnemann Detlef W. , Robertson Peter K.J.
Published: August 2013

This article reports the development of a novel drum photocatalytic reactor for treating dye effluent streams. The parameters for operation including drum rotation speed, light source distance, catalyst loading and H2O2 doping have been investigated using methylene blue as a model pollutant. Effluent can be generated by a number of domestic and industrial sources, including pharmaceutical, oil and gas, agricultural, food and chemical sectors. The work reported here proposes the application of semiconductor photocatalysis as a final polishing step for the removal of hydrocarbons from effluents sources, initial studies have proved effective in removing residual hydrocarbons from the effluent.
Moisture Sorption Characteristics of Dakuwa (Nigerian Cereal/Groundnut Snack)
Authors: Ocheme Ocheme Boniface , Ariahu Chukwuma Charles , Kongo Ingbian Emmanuel
Published: August 2013

The moisture sorption characteristics of dakuwa at 10, 20, 30 and 400°C were studied. The experimental sorption data obtained were applied to BET, GAB, Oswin and Henderson equations to test fitness of the equations to moisture sorption of dakuwa. The sorption isotherms of dakuwa were type III isotherms (J shaped), and the equilibrium moisture content increased with increasing water activity but decreased with increasing temperature. The BET and GAB monolayer moisture contents all decreased with increasing temperature. For adsorption, the BET monolayer was higher (3.163–4.158 g/100 g solid) than that of GAB (2.931–3.728 g/100 g solid), but for desorption, the GAB monolayer (4.792–7.741 g/100 g solid) was higher than that of BET (3.962–4.480 g/100 g solid). Evaluation of goodness of fit of models revealed that moisture sorption of dakuwa was best modelled by GAB equation.
Design of 60° Bent Ridge Waveguides Assisted by Hexagonal-lattice Cylinders
Authors: Lee Keh-Yi , Wu Guo-Jung , Lin Hong-Li , Liu Chi-Kan
Published: August 2013

Novel 60° bent ridge waveguides with several layers of hexagonal-lattice dielectric cylinders around the bend corners are proposed in this paper. The finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) simulations show that just one or two layers of cylinders on the hexagonal array are sufficient to assist in turning the guided wave into the 60° bending section. On the other hand, more than three layers of hexagonal-lattice cylinders may result in larger optical reflection such that less power reaches the output port.
Green Distributed Quality of Transmission Aware Routing and Wavelength Assignment in All-Optical Networks
Authors: Kakekhani Amir , Rahbar Akbar Ghaffarpour
Published: August 2013

The Routing and Wavelength Assignment (RWA) algorithms that consider quality of transmission (QoT) in light-path setup spend more time than their conventional counterparts due to exhaustive search and QoT estimation. This paper proposes distributed Quality of Transmission Aware Routing and Wavelength Assignment (QARWA) algorithm to handle dynamic light-path provisioning in wavelength routed all-optical networks taking energy consumption of optical switch nodes into account. Specifically, the QARWA considers bit-error rate (BER), setup delay, and energy consumption constraints at the same time, and establishes light-paths with small BER, low setup latency, and reduced energy consumption. We present and evaluate an enhanced wavelength-assignment solution in the QARWA to handle the wavelength continuity constraint. In QARWA, a source node determines the connection path by means of the shortest path algorithm and a destination node selects a wavelength based on the BER limitation and decreasing order of setup latency. Relating energy consumption to processing time, we show that QARWA can decrease the total energy consumption by reducing the processing time at each node. Under QARWA, when a node finishes the processing of the last control packet, it makes transition to either sleep state or idle state. Hence, QARWA can provide the best performance since it can reduce processing time in control units, light-path setup latency, and energy consumption of nodes.
Investigating Cultural Collision: Educators’ Perceptions of Hip-Hop Culture
Authors: Beachum Floyd D.
Published: August 2013

Hip-hop music has been embraced worldwide by youth, pummeled in the media for supposedly increasing social misery and hailed as a significant musical breakthrough. Hip-hop culture has transcended musical boundaries and now impacts speech, clothing, mannerisms, movies, websites, television programming, magazines, and energy drinks (
The European Foundation Statute Proposal: Striking the Balance between Supervising and Supporting European Philanthropy?
Authors: Breen Oonagh B.
Published: August 2013

This article examines the Commission’s Proposal for a Council Regulation on the Statute for a European Foundation (Fundatio Europaea). Focusing on the proposed transparency and accountability provisions, it interrogates whether these provisions are sufficiently robust to facilitate effective Member State supervision of this proposed new supranational legal form, given identified weaknesses in existing Member State foundation regulatory regimes. Consideration is also given to the Statute’s proposed reporting and auditing mechanisms. Particular attention is paid to the challenges inherent in standardising financial reporting standards and the missed opportunities to introduce best practice in the draft Regulation. The article concludes by identifying a number of interpretative loopholes in the existing proposal, which if adopted in its current format, would weaken the potential for an effective, efficient and feasible solution to the problems currently experienced by many foundations operating on a cross-border basis in Europe.
Modelling nonlinearities in equity returns: the mean impact curve analysis
Authors: Martin Vance L. , Sarkar Saikat , Kanto Antti Jaakko
Published: August 2013

A time-varying model of equity returns consisting of a volatility factor with time-varying loading, is specified to investigate the dynamical effects of shocks on expected returns. The proposed specification yields a nonlinear relationship between the conditional mean and the news, referred to as the mean impact curve (MIC). Applying this framework to the AORD, Hang Seng and Straits Times equity indexes yields estimated MICs with qualitatively similar nonlinear characteristics for each equity market. An important implication of the empirical results is that the relationship between the conditional mean and the news is found to be dependent upon the size of the shock, a result which is consistent with equity markets displaying mean aversion over short horizons and mean reversion over long horizons.
Optogenetic Control of Fly Optomotor Responses
Authors: Haikala Väinö , Joesch Maximilian , Borst Alexander , Mauss Alex S.
Published: August 2013

When confronted with a large-field stimulus rotating around the vertical body axis, flies display a following behavior called “optomotor response.” As neural control elements, the large tangential horizontal system (HS) cells of the lobula plate have been prime candidates for long. Here, we applied optogenetic stimulation of HS cells to evaluate their behavioral role inDrosophila. To minimize interference of the optical activation of channelrhodopsin-2 with the visual perception of the flies, we used a bistable variant called ChR2-C128S. By applying pulses of blue and yellow light, we first demonstrate electrophysiologically that lobula plate tangential cells can be activated and deactivated repeatedly with no evident change in depolarization strength over trials. We next show that selective optogenetic activation of HS cells elicits robust yaw head movements and yaw turning responses in fixed and tethered flying flies, respectively.
Dynamic Neural Network Reorganization Associated with Second Language Vocabulary Acquisition: A Multimodal Imaging Study
Authors: Hosoda Chihiro , Tanaka Kanji , Nariai Tadashi , Honda Manabu , Hanakawa Takashi
Published: August 2013

It remains unsettled whether human language relies exclusively on innately privileged brain structure in the left hemisphere or is more flexibly shaped through experiences, which induce neuroplastic changes in potentially relevant neural circuits. Here we show that learning of second language (L2) vocabulary and its cessation can induce bidirectional changes in the mirror-reverse of the traditional language areas. A cross-sectional study identified that gray matter volume in the inferior frontal gyrus pars opercularis (IFGop) and connectivity of the IFGop with the caudate nucleus and the superior temporal gyrus/supramarginal (STG/SMG), predominantly in the right hemisphere, were positively correlated with L2 vocabulary competence. We then implemented a cohort study involving 16 weeks of L2 training in university students. Brain structure before training did not predict the later gain in L2 ability. However, training intervention did increase IFGop volume and reorganization of white matter including the IFGop-caudate and IFGop-STG/SMG pathways in the right hemisphere. These “positive” plastic changes were correlated with the gain in L2 ability in the trained group but were not observed in the control group. We propose that the right hemispheric network can be reorganized into language-related areas through use-dependent plasticity in young adults, reflecting a repertoire of flexible reorganization of the neural substrates responding to linguistic experiences.
Increased Hippocampal Neurogenesis and Accelerated Response to Antidepressants in Mice with Specific Deletion of CREB in the Hippocampus: Role of cAMP Response-Element Modulator τ
Authors: Gundersen Brigitta B. , Briand Lisa A. , Onksen Jennifer L. , LeLay John , Kaestner Klaus H. , Blendy Julie A.
Published: August 2013

The transcription factor cAMP response element-binding protein (CREB) has been implicated in the pathophysiology of depression as well as in the efficacy of antidepressant treatment. However, altering CREB levels appears to have differing effects on anxiety- and depression-related behaviors, depending on which brain region is examined. Furthermore, many manipulations of CREB lead to corresponding changes in other CREB family proteins, and the impact of these changes has been largely ignored. To further investigate the region-specific importance of CREB in depression-related behavior and antidepressant response, we usedCrebloxP/loxPmice to localize CREB deletion to the hippocampus. In an assay sensitive to chronic antidepressant response, the novelty-induced hypophagia procedure, hippocampal CREB deletion, did not alter the response to chronic antidepressant treatment. In contrast, mice with hippocampal CREB deletion responded to acute antidepressant treatment in this task, and this accelerated response was accompanied by an increase in hippocampal neurogenesis. Upregulation of the CREB-family protein cAMP response-element modulator (CREM) was observed after CREB deletion. Viral overexpression of the activator isoform of CREM, CREMτ, in the hippocampus also resulted in an accelerated response to antidepressants as well as increased hippocampal neurogenesis. This is the first demonstration of CREMτ within the brain playing a role in behavior and specifically in behavioral outcomes following antidepressant treatment. The current results suggest that activation of CREMτ may provide a means to accelerate the therapeutic efficacy of current antidepressant treatment.
Stress-Induced Recruitment of Bone Marrow-Derived Monocytes to the Brain Promotes Anxiety-Like Behavior
Authors: Wohleb Eric S. , Powell Nicole D. , Godbout Jonathan P. , Sheridan John F.
Published: August 2013

Social stress is associated with altered immunity and higher incidence of anxiety-related disorders. Repeated social defeat (RSD) is a murine stressor that primes peripheral myeloid cells, activates microglia, and induces anxiety-like behavior. Here we show that RSD-induced anxiety-like behavior corresponded with an exposure-dependent increase in circulating monocytes (CD11b+/SSClo/Ly6Chi) and brain macrophages (CD11b+/SSClo/CD45hi). Moreover, RSD-induced anxiety-like behavior corresponded with brain region-dependent cytokine and chemokine responses involved with myeloid cell recruitment. Next, LysM-GFP+and GFP+bone marrow (BM)-chimeric mice were used to determine the neuroanatomical distribution of peripheral myeloid cells recruited to the brain during RSD. LysM-GFP+mice showed that RSD increased recruitment of GFP+macrophages to the brain and increased their presence within the perivascular space (PVS). In addition, RSD promoted recruitment of GFP+macrophages into the PVS and parenchyma of the prefrontal cortex, amygdala, and hippocampus of GFP+BM-chimeric mice. Furthermore, mice deficient in chemokine receptors associated with monocyte trafficking [chemokine receptor-2 knockout (CCR2KO) or fractalkine receptor knockout (CX3CR1KO)] failed to recruit macrophages to the brain and did not develop anxiety-like behavior following RSD. Last, RSD-induced macrophage trafficking was prevented in BM-chimeric mice generated with CCR2KOor CX3CR1KOdonor cells. These findings indicate that monocyte recruitment to the brain in response to social stress represents a novel cellular mechanism that contributes to the development of anxiety.
Age-Related Cochlear Synaptopathy: An Early-Onset Contributor to Auditory Functional Decline
Authors: Sergeyenko Yevgeniya , Lall Kumud , Liberman M. Charles , Kujawa Sharon G.
Published: August 2013

Aging listeners experience greater difficulty understanding speech in adverse listening conditions and exhibit degraded temporal resolution, even when audiometric thresholds are normal. When threshold evidence for peripheral involvement is lacking, central and cognitive factors are often cited as underlying performance declines. However, previous work has uncovered widespread loss of cochlear afferent synapses and progressive cochlear nerve degeneration in noise-exposed ears with recovered thresholds and no hair cell loss (Kujawa and Liberman 2009). Here, we characterize age-related cochlear synaptic and neural degeneration in CBA/CaJ mice never exposed to high-level noise. Cochlear hair cell and neuronal function was assessed via distortion product otoacoustic emissions and auditory brainstem responses, respectively. Immunostained cochlear whole mounts and plastic-embedded sections were studied by confocal and conventional light microscopy to quantify hair cells, cochlear neurons, and synaptic structures, i.e., presynaptic ribbons and postsynaptic glutamate receptors. Cochlear synaptic loss progresses from youth (4 weeks) to old age (144 weeks) and is seen throughout the cochlea long before age-related changes in thresholds or hair cell counts. Cochlear nerve loss parallels the synaptic loss, after a delay of several months. Key functional clues to the synaptopathy are available in the neural response; these can be accessed noninvasively, enhancing the possibilities for translation to human clinical characterization.
Nutrients balances and milk fatty acid profile of mid lactation dairy cows supplemented with unsaturated fatty acid
Authors: Freitas Júnior Jose Esler de , Rennó Francisco Palma , Gandra Jefferson Rodrigues , Rennó Luciana Navajás , Rodrigues Gustavo Henrique , Santos Marcos Veiga dos , Oliveira Mauro Dal Secco de
Published: August 2013

The objective was to evaluate the effect of unsaturated fatty acid sources supplementation on nutrients balances and milk fatty acid profile of mid lactation dairy cows. Twelve Brazilian Holstein cows in the mid lactation (mean of 128 days) and (580 ± 20kg of weight; mean ± SD) with milk yield of 25kg/d were assigned randomly into three 4 x 4 Latin square, fed the following diets: control (C); refined soybean oil; (SO); whole soybean raw (WS) and; calcium salts of unsaturated fatty acids (CSFA). Milk yield was 26.6; 26.4; 24.1 and 25.7 to the diets CO, SO, WS and CSFA respectively. Cows fed the WS treatment produced less milk (1.95kg/d of milk), fat and lactose than did cows fed the SO and CSFA. Cows fed the CSFA treatment showed less blood, urine (g/d) concentrations of N more energetic efficiency and intake of energy than did cows fed the SO treatment. Cows fed the unsaturated fatty acids sources showed more C18:2 cis-9, trans-11 CLA and trans-C18:1 FA concentration in milk than did cows fed the CO treatment. Diets with whole soybeans and soybeans oil provide more efficient digestive processes, and increase milk composition of unsaturated fatty acids.
Climate change and faunal turnover: testing the mechanics of the turnover-pulse hypothesis with South African fossil data
Authors: Faith J. Tyler , Behrensmeyer Anna K.
Published: August 2013

The turnover-pulse hypothesis (TPH) makes explicit predictions concerning the potential responses of species to climate change, which is considered to be a major cause of faunal turnover (extinction, speciation, and migration). Previous studies have tested the TPH primarily by examining temporal correlations between turnover pulses and climatic events. It is rarely possible to dissect such correlations and observe turnover as it is occurring or to predict how different lineages will respond to climate change. Thus, whether climate change drives faunal turnover in the manner predicted by the TPH remains unclear. In this study, we test the underlying mechanics of the TPH using well-dated Quaternary ungulate records from southern Africa's Cape Floristic Region (CFR). Changes in sea level, vegetation, and topographic barriers across glacial-interglacial transitions in southern Africa caused shifts in habitat size and configuration, allowing us to generate specific predictions concerning the responses of ungulates characterized by different feeding habits and habitat preferences. Examples from the CFR show how climatically forced vegetation change and allopatry can drive turnover resulting from extinction and migration. Evidence for speciation is lacking, suggesting either that climate change does not cause speciation in these circumstances or that the evolutionary outcome of turnover is contingent on the nature and rate of climate change. Migrations and extinctions are observed in the CFR fossil record over geologically short time intervals, on the order of Milankovitch-scale climate oscillations. We propose that such climate oscillations could drive a steady and moderate level of faunal turnover over 104-year time scales, which would not be resolved in paleontological records spanning 105years and longer. A turnover pulse, which is a marked increase in turnover relative to previous and subsequent time periods, requires additional, temporally constrained climatic forcing or other processes that could accelerate evolutionary change, perhaps mediated through biotic interactions.
Effects of Verbal and Visual Feedback on Anticipation Timing
Authors: Kirazci Sadettin
Published: August 2013

My purpose in this study was to examine the effect of verbal and visual feedback on an anticipation-timing task during a series of acquisition and retention trials. Participants were 48 high school students who were randomly assigned to visual-visual, visual-verbal, verbal-visual, and
verbal-verbal conditions. I used a Bassin Anticipation Timer to measure coincidence-anticipation timing. Absolute error and variable error were calculated for 4 blocks of 10 trials in the acquisition phases, and 2 blocks of 10 trials in the retention phase to analyze the students' performances
by repeated measures using ANOVA. The results indicated that there was no statistically significant difference among the groups in their performance of the task. Thus, it appears that, for facilitating anticipation timing, whether the feedback is visual or verbal may make no difference to
learning or acquiring this skill.
High-performance Human Resource Practices Moderate Flight Attendants' Organizational Commitment and Organizational Citizenship Behavior
Authors: Fu Yan-Kai
Published: August 2013

The aim in this study was to examine the direct effect of organizational commitment on the organizational citizenship behavior (OCB) of flight attendants employed by 6 airlines in Taiwan, and to analyze the moderating role of high-performance human resource practices (HRP) at the organizational
level. Data were analyzed via a cross-level analysis using hierarchical linear modeling. Results showed that when flight attendants' affective commitment was stronger, they were more likely to exhibit OCB; when the airlines more actively adopted high-performance HRP, the flight attendants
were also more likely to exhibit OCB; and when the airlines valued high-performance HRP, the relationship between the flight attendants' organizational commitment and their OCB behavior was more significant. Managerial implications are discussed and suggestions are made for future research.
Validation of the TOSCA-3 Among Chinese Young Adults
Authors: Gao Jun , Qin Mo , Qian Mingyi , Liu Xin
Published: August 2013

In this study, we translated into Chinese the Test of Self-Conscious Affect Version 3 (TOSCA-3) and examined the reliability and validity using 3 independent samples of Chinese young adults. The Chinese version (TOSCA-3C) showed acceptable internal consistency and test-retest reliability
in all its subscales except for the 2 pride scales. Shame-proneness was found to be positively correlated with trait shame, state anxiety, and fear of negative evaluation. Shame-proneness was found to be negatively correlated with self-esteem. Guilt-proneness was not correlated with any of
the measurements. Shame-proneness was also a significant predictor of depression symptoms 2 weeks after the first assessment for depressive symptoms, with self-esteem as a full mediator of this relationship.
On a finite sum with powers of cosines
Authors: da Fonseca , Kowalenko Victor
Published: August 2013

A formula for the finite sum of powers of cosines with fractional multiples
of ?/2, viz. S(n,m) = ?m, k=1 (-1)k cos2n (k? / (2m + 2)), where m and n are
arbitrary positive integers, is derived. In the process new and interesting
mathematical results are uncovered, particularly with regard to the
Bernoulli and Euler polynomials, while other related series are discussed.
It is found that the series always yields rational values, which can only be
evaluated by using the integer arithmetic routines in a mathematical
software package such as Mathematica.
Growing Pains at Groupon
Authors: Dutta Saurav K. , Caplan Dennis H. , Marcinko David J.
Published: August 2013

On November 4, 2011, Groupon Inc. went public with an initial market capitalization of $13 billion. The business was formed a couple of years earlier as an offshoot of “The Point.” The business grew rapidly and increased its reported revenue from $14.5 million in 2009 to $1.6 billion in 2011. Soon after going public, prior to its announcement of its first-quarter results, the company's auditors required Groupon to disclose a material weakness in its internal controls over financial reporting that impacted its disclosures on revenue and its estimation of returns.

This case uses Groupon to motivate discussion of financial reporting issues in e-commerce businesses. Specifically, the case focuses on (1) revenue recognition practices for “agency” type e-commerce businesses, (2) accounting for sales with a right of return for new products, and (3) use of alternative financial metrics to better convey the intrinsic value of a business. The case requires students to critically read, analyze, and apply authoritative accounting guidance, and to read and analyze communications between the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) and the registrant.
Mechanisms and Management of Diabetic Painful Distal Symmetrical Polyneuropathy
Authors: Tesfaye Solomon , Boulton Andrew J.M. , Dickenson Anthony H.
Published: August 2013

Although a number of the diabetic neuropathies may result in painful symptomatology, this review focuses on the most common: chronic sensorimotor distal symmetrical polyneuropathy (DSPN). It is estimated that 15–20% of diabetic patients may have painful DSPN, but not all of these will require therapy. In practice, the diagnosis of DSPN is a clinical one, whereas for longitudinal studies and clinical trials, quantitative sensory testing and electrophysiological assessment are usually necessary. A number of simple numeric rating scales are available to assess the frequency and severity of neuropathic pain. Although the exact pathophysiological processes that result in diabetic neuropathic pain remain enigmatic, both peripheral and central mechanisms have been implicated, and extend from altered channel function in peripheral nerve through enhanced spinal processing and changes in many higher centers. A number of pharmacological agents have proven efficacy in painful DSPN, but all are prone to side effects, and none impact the underlying pathophysiological abnormalities because they are only symptomatic therapy. The two first-line therapies approved by regulatory authorities for painful neuropathy are duloxetine and pregabalin. α-Lipoic acid, an antioxidant and pathogenic therapy, has evidence of efficacy but is not licensed in the U.S. and several European countries. All patients with DSPN are at increased risk of foot ulceration and require foot care, education, and if possible, regular podiatry assessment.
The geometry of the space of Cauchy data of nonlinear PDEs
Authors: Moreno Giovanni
Published: August 2013

First-order jet bundles can be put at the foundations of the modern geometric approach to nonlinear PDEs, since higher-order jet bundles can be seen as constrained iterated jet bundles. The definition of first-order jet bundles can be given in many equivalent ways — for instance, by means of Grassmann bundles. In this paper we generalize it by means of flag bundles, and develop the corresponding theory for higher-oder and infinite-order jet bundles. We show that this is a natural geometric framework for the space of Cauchy data for nonlinear PDEs. As an example, we derive a general notion of transversality conditions in the Calculus of Variations.
Real-linear isometries between certain subspaces of continuous functions
Authors: Jamshidi Arya , Sady Fereshteh
Published: August 2013

In this paper we first consider a real-linear isometry T from a certain subspace A of C(X) (endowed with supremum norm) into C(Y) where X and Y are compact Hausdorff spaces and give a result concerning the description of T whenever A is a uniform algebra on X. The result is improved for the case where T(A) is, in addition, a complex subspace of C(Y). We also give a similar description for the case where A is a function space on X and the range of T is a real subspace of C(Y) satisfying a ceratin separating property. Next similar results are obtained for real-linear isometries between spaces of Lipschitz functions on compact metric spaces endowed with a certain complete norm.
Strong NMV-algebras, commutative basic algebras and naBL-algebras
Authors: Zhang Xiaohong
Published: August 2013

The aim of the paper is to investigate the relationship among NMV-algebras, commutative basic algebras and naBL-algebras (i.e., non-associative BL-algebras). First, we introduce the notion of strong NMV-algebra and prove that

(1)a strong NMV-algebra is a residuated l-groupoid (i.e., a bounded integral commutative residuated lattice-ordered groupoid)(2)a residuated l-groupoid is commutative basic algebra if and only if it is a strong NMV-algebra.

Secondly, we introduce the notion of NMV-filter and prove that a residuated l-groupoid is a strong NMV-algebra (commutative basic algebra) if and only if its every filter is an NMV-filter. Finally, we introduce the notion of weak naBL-algebra, and show that any strong NMV-algebra (commutative basic algebra) is weak naBL-algebra and give some counterexamples.
On the boundedness of the maximal operators of double Walsh-logarithmic means of Marcinkiewicz type
Authors: Goginava Ushangi , Nagy Károly
Published: August 2013

The main aim of this paper is to investigate the (H
p, L
p)-type inequality for the maximal operators of Riesz and Nörlund logarithmic means of the quadratical partial sums of Walsh-Fourier series. Moreover, we show that the behavior of Nörlund logarithmic means is worse than the behavior of Riesz logarithmic means in our special sense.
Optimization of Quay Crane Scheduling Constrained by Stability of Vessels
Authors: Wang Junjia , Hu Hao , Song Yuanbin
Published: August 2013

The quay crane is a crucial resource constraint for the scheduling of loading and discharging tasks in a container terminal. The stability of the vessels should also be carefully considered so that a feasible schedule is produced. However, the latter constraint has been inadequately abstracted in previous studies on schedule optimization of quay cranes; this inadequacy has led to infeasible schedules. Therefore, a mixed-integer linear programming model was developed to incorporate the stability of vessels. In addition, a steady state genetic algorithm was designed to solve the schedule optimization problem. The results of virtual cases indicate that the proposed optimization tool can resolve the model by considering quay crane constraints, as well as taking vessel stability into account, and thereby can produce a more feasible schedule.
Investigation of Existing Nonintrusive Inspection Technologies for Port Cargo Inspections
Authors: Qi Yi , Salehi Yasamin , Wang Yubian
Published: August 2013

The quantity of cargo handled by U.S. ports has increased significantly in recent years. According to 2010 data, 2,333.4 million short tons of cargo passed through U.S. ports in 1 year. All such cargo must be inspected by U.S. Customs and Border Protection officials in the most effective manner possible. Existing nonintrusive inspection (NII) technologies have significant strengths, but they also have weaknesses, such as a low detection rate and long inspection time. Newer and more advanced technologies can be used to inspect cargo with higher accuracy and less delay. Research was conducted to identify the most effective and efficient combination of NII technologies for inspection of cargo arriving at U.S. ports. A discrete-event simulation model was developed to simulate the cargo inspection procedure. The effectiveness and the efficiency of the various combinations were evaluated through simulation of the operations of combinations of NII technologies. This information was used to provide recommendations about the most effective and efficient combinations of NII technologies for detecting a wide range of contraband. The results of this research will help decision makers choose the appropriate NII technologies for inspecting cargo that enters U.S. ports.
Real-Time Assessment of the Columbia–Snake River Extended Lock Outage
Authors: Simmons Sara , Casavant Ken , Sage Jeremy
Published: August 2013

Waterborne movements, one of the more economical methods of all modes of transportation, are a key component of the multimodal transportation system in the Pacific Northwest of the United States. The Columbia–Snake River system in the Pacific Northwest underwent a sustained lock outage from December 2010 to March 2011. This outage eliminated barge transportation on much of the upper Columbia River and all of the Snake River. Shippers, carriers, and ports on the river projected the impact of the loss of a major mode of transportation to be substantial and the impact on demands of other modes of transportation to be dramatic. A study done in real time took advantage of the disruption of the Columbia–Snake system to determine the dynamics of the overall process and the impacts of such a change induced by an outage. The study reported specifically on the Pacific Northwest wheat industry, 75% of downriver commodity movement. A transportation disruption like that of the extended lock outage on the Columbia–Snake River system had never occurred in the United States. The study authors were able to evaluate the logistic, economic, and environmental impacts of a sustained halt in barge transportation. Overall, Columbia–Snake River stakeholders were well prepared and managed to navigate the disruption in transportation without incurring inordinate costs at a net cost per bushel of 6 cents.
Spatial patterns of snow accumulation across Belcher Glacier, Devon Ice Cap, Nunavut, Canada
Authors: Sylvestre Tyler , Copland Luke , Demuth Michael N. , Sharp Martin
Published: August 2013

Ground-penetrating radar (GPR) surveys at a center frequency of 500 MHz were used to determine winter (2007/08) and net annual (2005–07) snow water equivalent (SWE) patterns across the upper parts of Belcher Glacier, Devon Ice Cap, Nunavut, Canada. The GPR measurements were validated against snow depths determined from avalanche probe measurements, and converted to SWE values using densities measured with a down-borehole neutron density probe and in shallow snow pits. Distinct internal reflection horizons (IRHs) in the GPR record were formed during warm summers in 2007 and 2005, and a large rain event in summer 2006 which caused ice to accumulate above the 2005 melt surface. Elevation provides the dominant control on winter SWE distribution across the basin, with surface topography (e.g. gullies) also being locally important. Based on the location where IRHs intersected the ice-cap surface, the basin-wide firn line occurred at an altitude of 1260–1300 m over the period 2005–08. Net mass balance across the accumulation area of Belcher Glacier averaged 0.24 m w.e. a−1over the period 2005–07, mainly dependent on altitude. This is a little higher than most previous estimates for the period since the 1960s, although the differences lie within error limits.
Controls on short-term variations in Greenland glacier dynamics
Authors: Sundal A.V. , Shepherd A. , van den Broeke M. , Van Angelen J. , Gourmelen N. , Park J.
Published: August 2013

Short-term ice-dynamical processes at Greenland’s Jakobshavn and Kangerdlugssuaq glaciers were studied using a 3 day time series of synthetic aperture radar data acquired during the 2011 European Remote-sensing Satellite-2 (ERS-2) 3 day repeat campaign together with modelled meteorological parameters. The time series spans the period March–July 2011 and captures the first ∼30% of the summer melting season. In both study areas, we observe velocity fluctuations at the lower ∼10 km of the glacier. At Jakobshavn Isbræ, where our dataset covers the first part of the seasonal calving-front retreat, we identify ten calving episodes, with a mean calving-front area loss of 1.29 ± 0.4 km2. Significant glacier speed-up was observed in the near-terminus area following all calving episodes. We identify changes in calving-front geometry as the dominant control on velocity fluctuations on both glaciers, apart from a <15% early-summer speed-up at Kangerdlugssuaq Glacier during a period of calving-front advance, which we attribute to enhanced surface melt-induced basal lubrication. Our 3 day velocity maps show new spatial characteristics of the ice melange flow variability in the Jakobshavn and Kangerdlugssuaq fjord systems, which are primarily controlled by calving-front dynamics and fjord geometry.
Making judgments about other people: impression formation and attributional processing in older adults
Authors: Heckman Coats Abby , Blanchard-Fields Fredda
Published: August 2013

Older adults face changing relationships with family members and friends with aging. Social cognition researchers investigate how individuals think about these social situations. The results of this research suggest that older adults are effective at accurately judging social partners when they are motivated to do so and can apply their accumulated knowledge to the situation. However, when cognitive resources are required in social situations, older adults may not perform as well as young adults. We review evidence supporting the importance of cognition, motivation, and knowledge for older adults’ impression formation and attributional reasoning. This research is important because it can lead to interventions to help older adults avoid scams and improve their interpersonal relationships.
Assessing the Effect of Loop Mutations in the Folding Space of β2-Microglobulin with Molecular Dynamics Simulations
Authors: Estácio Sílvia , Shakhnovich Eugene , Faísca Patrícia
Published: August 2013

We use molecular dynamics simulations of a full atomistic Gō model to explore the impact of selected DE-loop mutations (D59P and W60C) on the folding space of protein human β2-microglobulin (Hβ2m), the causing agent of dialysis-related amyloidosis, a conformational disorder characterized by the deposition of insoluble amyloid fibrils in the osteoarticular system. Our simulations replicate the effect of mutations on the thermal stability that is observed in experiments in vitro. Furthermore, they predict the population of a partially folded state, with 60% of native internal free energy, which is akin to a molten globule. In the intermediate state, the solvent accessible surface area increases up to 40 times relative to the native state in 38% of the hydrophobic core residues, indicating that the identified species has aggregation potential. The intermediate state preserves the disulfide bond established between residue Cys25 and residue Cys80, which helps maintain the integrity of the core region, and is characterized by having two unstructured termini. The movements of the termini dominate the essential modes of the intermediate state, and exhibit the largest displacements in the D59P mutant, which is the most aggregation prone variant. PROPKA predictions of pKa suggest that the population of the intermediate state may be enhanced at acidic pH explaining the larger amyloidogenic potential observed in vitro at low pH for the WT protein and mutant forms.