bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Amino‐group excites vitality in nitrogen‐rich energetic salts of triazolium
Authors: Li Junyan , Wu Jinting , Zhao Tingxing , Li Hongbo , Zhang Jianguo
Published: October 2022

Incorporating amino groups is an efficient strategy for the tuning properties of energetic materials. However, there is no unanimous conclusion on the effect of the number of amino groups (−NH2) on performance. Therefore, in this study, different number of −NH2of four energetic salts of triazolium based on oxadiazole and triazole were designed and synthesized. The structure features of energetic salts4–6were then investigated by single‐crystal X‐ray diffractions and Hirshfeld surfaces analyses. Afterward, the effects of −NH2were evaluated by thermal stability, impact sensitivity and detonation performance. All these energetic salts were insensitive to mechanical stimulation (IS >40 J), but the thermal decomposition temperatures of energetic salt5–7with −NH2are 24 °C to 54 °C higher than energetic salt4without −NH2. Moreover, energetic salt5with one −NH2has the highest theoretical detonation properties compared to those without −NH2(4) and with two −NH2(6,7). These observations revealed that appropriate amount of −NH2can lead to desirable increase in the energetic properties, and this work can offer guidance for the design and synthesis of further energetic salts.
Introduction
Authors: Norrick-Rühl Corinna , Towheed Shafquat
Published: October 2022

The introduction provides an overview of the main issues informing current analysis of bookshelves during the COVID-19 pandemic. It starts by sketching out some of the main theoretical frameworks relevant to investigating the cultural phenomenon of bookshelves in the pandemic. It then surveys trends in pandemic reading and the rise of bibliotherapy since the start of the pandemic, before examining the ways in which lockdown induced home working has blurred the boundaries between private and public spheres. This is followed by a detailed discussion of the bookshelf as a construct of global neoliberalism which draws attention to increasing socioeconomic inequality, both between the Global North and the Global South, and within individual nation states. The introduction then outlines the contents of the volume with brief precis of the 12 chapters; summarizes areas of investigation not covered in the volume; and finishes by gesturing to research questions and issues for future consideration.
Theory for Diffusive Fizeau Drag: Willis Coupling
Authors: Xu Liu-Jun , Huang Ji-Ping
Published: October 2022

In this chapter, we design a spatiotemporal thermal metamaterial based on heat transfer in porous media to demonstrate the diffusive analog to Fizeau drag. The space-related inhomogeneity and time-related advection enable the diffusive Fizeau drag effect. Thanks to the spatiotemporal coupling, different propagating speeds of temperature fields can be observed in two opposite directions, thus facilitating nonreciprocal thermal profiles. The phenomenon of diffusive Fizeau drag stands robustly even when the advection direction is perpendicular to the propagation of temperature fields. These results could pave an unexpected way toward realizing the nonreciprocal and directional transport of mass and energy.
Theory for Thermal Bi/Multistability: Nonlinear Thermal Conductivity
Authors: Xu Liu-Jun , Huang Ji-Ping
Published: October 2022

In this chapter, we theoretically design diffusive bistability (and even multistability) in the macroscopic scale, which has a similar phenomenon but a different mechanism from its microscopic counterpart (Wang et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 101, 267203 (2008)); the latter has been extensively investigated in the literature, e.g., for building nanometer-scale memory components. By introducing second- and third-order nonlinear terms (opposite in sign) into diffusion coefficient matrices, bistable energy or mass diffusion occurs with two different steady states, identified as “0” and “1”. In particular, we study heat conduction in a two-terminal three-body system. This bistable system exhibits a macro-scale thermal memory effect with tailored nonlinear thermal conductivities. Finite-element simulations confirm the theoretical analysis. Also, we suggest experiments with metamaterials based on shape memory alloys. This framework blazes a trail in constructing intrinsic bistability or multistability in diffusive systems for macroscopic energy or mass management.
Theory for Thermal Wave Nonreciprocity: Angular Momentum Bias
Authors: Xu Liu-Jun , Huang Ji-Ping
Published: October 2022

In this chapter, we demonstrate that an angular momentum bias generated by a volume force can also lead to modal splitting in convection-diffusion systems but with different features. We further reveal the thermal Zeeman effect by studying the temperature field propagation in an angular-momentum-biased ring with three ports (one for input and two for output). With an optimal volume force, temperature field propagation is allowed at one output port but isolated at the other, and the rectification coefficient can reach a maximum value of 1. The volume forces corresponding to the rectification coefficient peaks can also be quantitatively predicted by scalar (i.e., temperature) interference. Compared with existing mechanisms for thermal nonreciprocity, an angular momentum bias does not require temperature-dependent and phase-change materials, which has an advantage in wide-temperature-range applicability. These results may provide insights into thermal stabilization and thermal topology. The related mechanism is also universal for other convection-diffusion systems such as mass transport, chemical mixing, and colloid aggregation.
Theory for Zero-Index Conductive Cloaks: Constant-Temperature Scheme
Authors: Xu Liu-Jun , Huang Ji-Ping
Published: October 2022

In this chapter, we propose an exact approach to an effectively infinite thermal conductivity with a constant-temperature boundary condition, which an external thermostatic sink can easily realize. Since (effectively) infinite thermal conductivity corresponds to zero refractive indexes in photonics, it has direct applications in designing zero-index thermal metamaterials. Therefore, we experimentally demonstrate zero-index thermal cloaks, which can work in highly conductive backgrounds with simple structures. These results provide insights into thermal management with effectively infinite thermal conductivities.
Theory for Enhanced Thermal Concentrators: Thermal Conductivity Coupling
Authors: Xu Liu-Jun , Huang Ji-Ping
Published: October 2022

In this chapter, we propose the theory of conductivity coupling to solve the problem that the concentrating efficiency of a thermal concentrator is restricted by its geometric configuration. We first discuss a monolayer scheme with an isotropic thermal conductivity, which can break the upper limit but is still restricted by the geometric structure. We further explore another degree of freedom by considering the monolayer scheme with an anisotropic thermal conductivity or adding the second shell with an isotropic thermal conductivity, thereby freeing the concentrating efficiency from the geometric configuration. Finite-element simulations are performed to confirm the theoretical predictions, and experimental suggestions are also provided to improve feasibility. These results may have potential applications for thermal camouflage and provide insights into other diffusive systems such as static magnetic fields and DC fields for achieving similar behaviors.
Form factors in Higgs couplings from physics beyond the standard model
Authors: Bittar Pedro , Burdman Gustavo
Published: October 2022

Abstract

We consider the momentum-dependent effects in Higgs couplings generated by physics beyond the standard model. We take a model-dependent approach, in which we can fully compute the non-local effects from physics not directly reachable by the LHC energy. We consider several scenarios, including composite Higgs models, additional scalars, and the continuum contributions of a quasi-conformal sector, as examples. For each specific model, we are able to obtain the form factor, with which it is then possible to fully simulate the effects in kinematics distributions. The momentum-dependent effects appear as a consequence of off-shellness in the process. We show how the sensitivity of different channels to the various models depends on how the flow of off-shellness appears in the Higgs couplings.
Azimuthal decorrelation between a jet and a Z boson at hadron colliders
Authors: Bouaziz Hamza , Delenda Yazid , Khelifa-Kerfa Kamel
Published: October 2022

Abstract

We revisit the azimuthal decorrelation δϕ between a jet and a Z boson produced at hadron colliders. Employing different recombination schemes for the jets leads to significantly different NLL-resummed predictions for the distribution of this quantity. Specifically when the jets are reconstructed with the E-scheme (i.e., four-momentum addition) in the kt or anti-kt clustering algorithms, then the resummation becomes highly non-trivial due to the presence of non-global and/or clustering logarithms. We evaluate these logarithms analytically at two loops and numerically to all orders in the large-Nc limit, and present a full NLL resummation of δϕ. We extend the accuracy of the perturbative expansion of the resummed distribution at fixed order to NNLL accuracy by including $$ \mathcal{O} $$
O
(αs) NLO corrections obtained with MadGraph5_aMC@NLO. We compare our findings with results of various Monte Carlo event generators and with experimental data from the CMS collaboration.
4D supersymmetric gauge theories of spacetime translations
Authors: Brandt Friedemann
Published: October 2022

Abstract

The paper addresses the question whether in four spacetime dimensions, besides standard supergravity theories, field theories exist whose symmetries include local spacetime translations and supersymmetries generated by transformations whose commutators contain infinitesimal local spacetime translations. Several new supersymmetric free field theories are found which may provide theories of that type. It is outlined how these free field theories may be extended to globally supersymmetric theories with the desired properties. One class of such theories is constructed explicitly. These theories are similar to globally supersymmetric Yang-Mills theories in flat spacetime but have supersymmetries generated by transformations whose commutators generate infinitesimal general coordinate transformations with field dependent gauge parameters.
Bivariant Class of Degree One
Authors: Di Gennaro Vincenzo , Franco Davide , Sessa Carmine
Published: October 2022

Let $$f:X\rightarrow Y$$

f
:
X
→
Y

be a projective birational morphism, between complex quasi-projective varieties. Fix a bivariant class $$\theta \in H^0(X{\mathop {\rightarrow }\limits ^{f}}Y)\cong Hom_{D^{b}_{c}(Y)}(Rf_*{\mathbb {A}}_X, {\mathbb {A}}_Y)$$

θ
∈

H
0

(
X

→
f

Y
)

≅
H
o

m

D
c
b

(
Y
)

(
R

f

∗

A
X

,

A
Y

)

(here $${\mathbb {A}}$$
A
is a Noetherian commutative ring with identity, and $${\mathbb {A}}_X$$

A
X

and $${\mathbb {A}}_Y$$

A
Y

denote the constant sheaves). Let $$\theta _0:H^0(X)\rightarrow H^0(Y)$$

θ
0

:

H
0

(
X
)

→

H
0

(
Y
)

be the induced Gysin morphism. We say that $$\theta $$
θ
has degree one if $$\theta _0(1_X)= 1_Y\in H^0(Y)$$

θ
0

(

1
X

)

=

1
Y

∈

H
0

(
Y
)

. This is equivalent to say that $$\theta $$
θ
is a section of the pull-back $$f^*: {\mathbb {A}}_Y\rightarrow Rf_*{\mathbb {A}}_X$$

f
∗

:

A
Y

→
R

f

∗

A
X

, i.e. $$\theta \circ f^*={\text {id}}_{{\mathbb {A}}_Y}$$

θ
∘

f
∗

=

id

A
Y

, and it is also equivalent to say that $${\mathbb {A}}_Y$$

A
Y

is a direct summand of $$Rf_*{\mathbb {A}}_X$$

R

f

∗

A
X

. We investigate the consequences of the existence of a bivariant class of degree one. We prove explicit formulas relating the (co)homology of X and Y, which extend the classic formulas of the blowing-up. These formulas are compatible with the duality morphism. Using which, we prove that the existence of a bivariant class $$\theta $$
θ
of degree one for a resolution of singularities, is equivalent to require that Y is an $${\mathbb {A}}$$
A
-homology manifold. In this case $$\theta $$
θ
is unique, and the Betti numbers of the singular locus $${\text {Sing}}(Y)$$

Sing
(
Y
)

of Y are related with the ones of $$f^{-1}({\text {Sing}}(Y))$$

f

-
1

(
Sing

(
Y
)

)

.
Application of machine learning on tool path optimisation and cooling lubricant in induction heating-assisted single point incremental sheet forming of Ti-6Al-4V sheets
Authors: Li Weining , Shu Chang , Hassan Ali , Attallah Moataz M. , Essa Khamis
Published: October 2022

Induction heating-assisted single point incremental sheet forming was established for Ti-6Al-4V thin sheets at closed and above beta-transus temperature (980 °C). In order to eliminate geometric inaccuracy and adherence of lubricant on the surface caused by elevated temperature, a cooling lubricant system was designed for the forming tool to decrease the thermal expansion and friction. A radial basis function (RBF)-based tool path optimisation was developed to study the measured geometric accuracy, temperature, and forming force. By adjusting cooling lubricant control and integrating the RBF framework, the first optimised tool path was used to collect the results and to validate with the finite element (FE) model and theoretical geometric profiles. The output data were further studied by RBF and generate a second optimised tool path. The measured geometric coordinates revealed that the error percentage has been reduced to less than 5%. Further, the microstructure evolution analysed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) indicated noticeable oxidation and alpha-layer for temperature around 1040 °C and the phenomenon was removed at temperature closed to 950 °C. The surface roughness and energy-dispersive X-ray analysis (EDX) revealed the optimised tool path distributed significant improvement in surface quality. The cooling lubricant system indicated optimal performance with RBF optimised tool path to support constant temperature and reduce friction and lubricant adherence on the surface.
Optimal income taxation under monopolistic competition
Authors: Tarasov Alexander , Zubrickas Robertas
Published: October 2022

This paper is concerned with cross-dependencies between endogenous market structure and tax policy. We extend the Mirrlees (Rev Econ Stud 38:175–208, 1971) model of income taxation with a monopolistic competition framework with general additively separable consumer preferences. We show that quantity and variety distortions resulting from the market structure require adjustments to income tax policy, which also needs to be complemented with commodity or firm taxation to achieve the constrained social optimum. We calibrate the model and find that in policy design the failure to account for the market structure results in a welfare loss of 1.77%. Motivated by practical cases, we study a policy regime that is solely based on income taxation. We show that departures from the social optimum can be compensated by lower and less regressive income taxes and a smaller government compared to the regime with income and commodity taxes. We also examine the role of consumer preferences for policy outcomes and show that it is substantially amplified by an endogenous market structure.
Simultaneous quantification of all B vitamins and selected biosynthetic precursors in seawater and bacteria by means of different mass spectrometric approaches
Authors: Bruns Stefan , Wienhausen Gerrit , Scholz-Böttcher Barbara , Wilkes Heinz
Published: October 2022

B vitamins have high microbiological relevance in the marine environment, but their very low concentrations and the chemical heterogeneity of the individual vitamins make their analysis challenging. Mass spectrometric analysis of B vitamins in environmental samples at trace levels has mainly been performed using triple quadrupole mass spectrometers operated in targeted analysis mode. The development of such a method can be laborious and error prone. Additionally, high-resolution mass spectrometers can be used to measure a sample in full scan mode and subsequently search the total ion current chromatogram for extracted ion chromatograms of targeted vitamins. Three different analytical approaches for trace analysis of all B vitamins and some of their biosynthetic precursors were optimized and compared on two different mass spectrometers. A triple quadrupole mass spectrometer in selected reaction monitoring mode, and a high-resolution orbitrap mass spectrometer in parallel reaction monitoring, as well as in full scan mode were employed. Detection limits down to 10 ng/L were achieved with all three techniques. The methods were applied to a marine water sample from the North Sea and to the cell extract of a bacterial culture of Phaeobacter inhibens. Most vitamins and precursors were found in the bacterial cell extract and the seawater sample with all three measuring methods. The results of this study emphasize that, in addition to tandem mass spectrometry, high-resolution full scan mass spectrometry is a promising technique for the simultaneous detection of structurally diverse B vitamins in complex natural samples. This enables highly sensitive measurements without loss of detailed mass spectrometric information, which is inevitable when using a triple quadrupole system in MS/MS mode.

Graphical abstract
Interaction of cholinergic disruption and age on cognitive flexibility in rats
Authors: Cammarata Celine , De Rosa Eve D.
Published: October 2022

Healthy aging is associated with a functional reduction of the basal forebrain (BF) system that supplies the neurochemical acetylcholine (ACh) to the cortex, and concomitant challenges to cognition. It remains unclear how aging and ACh loss interact to shape cognition in the aging brain. We used a proactive interference (PI) odor discrimination task, shown to depend on the BF in young adults, wherein rats acquired new associations that conflicted with past learning or associations that did not conflict. This manipulation allowed independent assessment of encoding alone vs. encoding in the face of interference. Adult (9.8 ± 1.3 months) or aged male Long-Evans rats (20.7 ± 0.5 months) completed the PI task with systemic administration of a muscarinic cholinergic antagonist, scopolamine, or a pharmacological control. Aged rats were less able to resolve PI than adult rats. Moreover, while scopolamine reduced efficient PI resolution in adult rats, this cholinergic antagonism had no additional effect on aged rat performance, counter to our expectation that scopolamine would further increase perseveration in the aged group. Scopolamine did not impair encoding of non-interfering associations regardless of age. These data suggest that natural aging changes the effect of cholinergic pharmacology on encoding efficiency when past learning interferes.
Human biodistribution and radiation dosimetry of the demyelination tracer [18F]3F4AP
Authors: Brugarolas Pedro , Wilks Moses Q. , Noel Jacqueline , Kaiser Julia-Ann , Vesper Danielle R. , Ramos-Torres Karla M. , Guehl Nicolas J. , Macdonald-Soccorso Marina T. , Sun Yang , Rice Peter A. , Yokell Daniel L. , Lim Ruth , Normandin Marc D. , El Fakhri Georges
Published: October 2022

Purpose

[18F]3F4AP is a novel PET radiotracer that targets voltage-gated potassium (K+) channels and has shown promise for imaging demyelinated lesions in animal models of neurological diseases. This study aimed to evaluate the biodistribution, safety, and radiation dosimetry of [18F]3F4AP in healthy human volunteers.

Methods

Four healthy volunteers (2 females) underwent a 4-h dynamic PET scan from the cranial vertex to mid-thigh using multiple bed positions after administration of 368 ± 17.9 MBq (9.94 ± 0.48 mCi) of [18F]3F4AP. Volumes of interest for relevant organs were manually drawn guided by the CT, and PET images and time-activity curves (TACs) were extracted. Radiation dosimetry was estimated from the integrated TACs using OLINDA software. Safety assessments included measuring vital signs immediately before and after the scan, monitoring for adverse events, and obtaining a comprehensive metabolic panel and electrocardiogram within 30 days before and after the scan.

Results

[18F]3F4AP distributed throughout the body with the highest levels of activity in the kidneys, urinary bladder, stomach, liver, spleen, and brain and with low accumulation in muscle and fat. The tracer cleared quickly from circulation and from most organs. The clearance of the tracer was noticeably faster than previously reported in nonhuman primates (NHPs). The average effective dose (ED) across all subjects was 12.1 ± 2.2 μSv/MBq, which is lower than the estimated ED from the NHP studies (21.6 ± 0.6 μSv/MBq) as well as the ED of other fluorine-18 radiotracers such as [18F]FDG (~ 20 μSv/MBq). No differences in ED between males and females were observed. No substantial changes in safety assessments or adverse events were recorded.

Conclusion

The biodistribution and radiation dosimetry of [18F]3F4AP in humans are reported for the first time. The average total ED across four subjects was lower than most 18F-labeled PET tracers. The tracer and study procedures were well tolerated, and no adverse events occurred.
Primary injection laryngoplasty after chordectomy for small glottic carcinomas
Authors: Felicio-Briegel Axelle , Sharaf Kariem , Haubner Frank , Echternach Matthias
Published: October 2022

Objectives

The purpose of this study was to analyze the short- and middle-term effects of primary injection laryngoplasty in patients having tumor resection within the same surgery concerning the vocal outcome. Injection laryngoplasty was performed after harvesting autologous adipose tissue via lipoaspiration.

Methods

A prospective study was performed with 16 patients (2 female; 14 male) who received tumor resection and an injection laryngoplasty using autologous adipose tissue during a single stage procedure. Multidimensional voice evaluation including videostroboscopy, patient self-assessment, voice perception, aerodynamics, and acoustic parameters was performed preoperatively, as well as 1.5, 3 and 6 months postoperatively.

Results

Results show an improvement in the roughness–breathiness–hoarseness (RBH) scale, voice dynamics and subjective voice perception 6 months postoperatively. Maintenance of Voice Handycap Index, jitter and shimmer could be observed 6 months postoperatively. There was no deterioration in RBH and subjective voice perception 2 and 6 weeks postoperatively. No complications occurred in the fat harvesting site.

Conclusions

Using the lipoaspiration and centrifugation approach, primary fat injection laryngoplasty shows short-term maintenance und middle-term improvement in voice quality in patients with vocal fold defect immediately after chordectomy 6 months postoperatively. Cancer recurrence rate is comparable to the reported cancer recurrence rate for laryngeal carcinoma and thus not elevated through primary augmentation.
Evolution of mucosal vasculature after radiotherapy of T1 vocal cord cancer: a pilot study
Authors: Kántor Peter , Staníková Lucia , Lubojacký Jakub , Masárová Michaela , Zeleník Karol , Komínek Pavel
Published: October 2022

Purpose

Narrow-band imaging is the state of the art in the diagnosis of mucosal lesions of the vocal cords. It is also used in the follow-up of patients after surgical therapy. Unfortunately, if a patient has received radiotherapy the follow-up is much more difficult. Radiation induces inflammatory changes in the mucosa, which lead to changes in the vascular architecture and thus affect the results of the examination. The dynamics and time dependence of vascular changes after radiotherapy have not yet been described. The purpose of this study is to describe the evolution of the vascular pattern in vocal cords after primary radiotherapy for glottic cancer.

Methods

This was a retrospective cohort study. Each patient underwent NBI videolaryngoscopy and was followed every 3 months.

Results

The tumor-related mucosal changes diminished at 3 months after radiotherapy. Afterward, growth of new longitudinal vasculature was observed and significantly slowed after 9 months. No perpendicular vasculature or tumor recurrence was observed during the course of the study.

Conclusions

According to our data, we can conclude that post-radiation mucosal vasculature changes are only longitudinal.
Digital pair-matching of iliac bones: pilot study on a three-dimensional approach with models acquired through stereophotogrammetry
Authors: Palamenghi Andrea , Mazzarelli Debora , Cappella Annalisa , De Angelis Danilo , Sforza Chiarella , Cattaneo Cristina , Gibelli Daniele
Published: October 2022

Three-dimensional (3D) pair-matching has brought about an innovative approach for the analysis of commingled skeletal remains, and it has been tested on bone models acquired through CT and laser scans. Here, 3D models of 40 innominate bones (20 left and 20 right) of 20 documented male individuals from a cemeterial skeletal collection were acquired through a stereophotogrammetric device (VECTRA M3, Canfield Scientific, Inc.). The ventral iliac surface was chosen as the anatomical region of interest (ROI) for the analysis. Each left ROI was mirrored and superimposed on the matching right ROI (contralateral element from the same individual) and mismatching ROIs (contralateral elements from different individuals). The point-to-point distance between models was calculated through the Vectra Analysis Module (VAM) software and the root mean square (RMS) point-to-point distance value was used to evaluate the sorting performance of the method, in terms of sensitivity and specificity rates. Differences in RMS between matches and mismatches were investigated through a Student’s t test (p < 0.05). The state of preservation of the remains was assessed following an index of anatomical completeness and differences in RMS distances of true matches according to different anatomical completeness were assessed through the Mann–Whitney test (p < 0.05). RMS point-to-point distances of matches and mismatches were significantly different (p < 0.01), being the matches lower than mismatches. The RMS threshold of 2.9 mm identified all the true pairs; the test was 100% sensitive and 51% specific. The RMS of matches with a better state of preservation are significantly lower than the less preserved matches (p < 0.05). In general, a low RMS distance value may indicate a true match, being it to be further verified. The 3D approach for sorting innominate bones provides a valid screening test that could complete subjective and osteometric methods with numerical evidence of the match. Preliminary data suggest a possible relation between RMS distance values and taphonomic condition, which would benefit from further research.
Propensity score matching analysis comparing outcomes between primary and revision Roux-en-Y gastric bypass after adjustable gastric banding: a retrospective record-based cohort study
Authors: Hany Mohamed , Sayed Iman El , Zidan Ahmed , Ibrahim Mohamed , Agayby Ann Samy Shafiq , Torensma Bart
Published: October 2022

Background

One-stage revision Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RRYGB) after Laparoscopic adjustable gastric banding (LAGB) is widely adopted, but its safety is still debated.

Objective

This study aimed to compare outcomes between primary Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (PRYGB and RRYGB after LAGB.

Method

A retrospective record-based cohort study of patients who underwent PRYGB and RRYGB for failed LAGB and completed at least 2 years of follow-up from 2008 to 2019. Propensity score matching (PSM) analysis was conducted to obtain a balanced sample of patients with RRYGB and PRYGB interventions by adjusting for baseline covariates including age and sex.

Results

Patients with PRYGB (n = 558) and RRYGB (n = 156) were included. PSM identified 98 patients for RRYGB and 98 patients for PRYGB. Both cohorts exhibited significant reductions in BMI compared to baseline values (p < 0.001), but reductions were significantly higher in PRYGB compared to those in RRGYB at 6 months (− 10.55 ± 8.54 vs. − 8.38 ± 5.07; p = 0.032), 1-year (− 21.50 ± 8.19 vs. 16.14 ± 6.93; p < 0.001), and 2 years (− 24.02 ± 7.85 vs. − 18.93 ± 6.80; p < 0.001), respectively. A significant improvement in food tolerance from the 1st to the 2nd year was seen after RYGB (p < 0.001). The rates of early and late complications were similar in both cohorts (p = 0.537, p = 1.00). Overall re-intervention rates were 5.1 and 3.1% for RRYGB and PRYGB p = 0.721). Both cohorts exhibited significant improvement in comorbidities after 2 years (p < 0.001).

Conclusions

One-stage RRYGB for failed LAGB is safe and effective with comparable rates of complications, re-interventions, and resolution of associated comorbid conditions compared to PRYGB.
Josef Popper – oder: Als vor 140 Jahren eine Vision zur Realität wurde
Authors: Kern Thomas
Published: October 2022

Der Österreicher Josef Popper (1838–1921) war zweifelsohne seiner Zeit voraus. Er brachte 1862 eine Vision zu Papier, welche er erst 20 Jahre später in der „Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften“ veröffentlichen ließ. Just im Veröffentlichungsjahr sollten alle drei wesentlichen Aspekte seiner Vision innerhalb eines Monats in drei voneinander unabhängigen und getrennten Projekten Wirklichkeit werden. Vor 140 Jahren – im September 1882 – erfolgte die Realisierung

der ersten öffentlichen Stromversorgung in New York (USA),

der ersten Fernübertragung elektrischer Energie von Miesbach nach München (DEU) und

der ersten öffentlichen Stromgewinnung aus Wasserkraft in Wisconsin (USA).
On the relation between the fields of Networked Music Performances, Ubiquitous Music, and Internet of Musical Things
Authors: Turchet Luca , Rottondi Cristina
Published: October 2022

In the past two decades, we have witnessed the diffusion of an increasing number of technologies, products, and applications at the intersection of music and networking. As a result of the growing attention devoted by academy and industry to this area, three main research fields have emerged and progressively consolidated: the Networked Music Performances, Ubiquitous Music, and the Internet of Musical Things. Based on the review of the most relevant works in these fields, this paper attempts to delineate their differences and commonalities. The aim of this inquiry is helping avoid confusion between such fields and achieve a correct use of the terminology. A trend towards the convergence between such fields has already been identified, and it is plausible to expect that in the future their evolution will lead to a progressive blurring of the boundaries identified today.
Effects of short-term hypercaloric nutrition on orthostatic tolerance in healthy individuals: a randomized controlled crossover study
Authors: De Gioannis Riccardo , Ewald Ann C. , Gerlach Darius A. , Heusser Karsten , Hoffmann Fabian , Frings-Meuthen Petra , Heer Martina , Tank Jens , Jordan Jens
Published: October 2022

Reduced-caloric intake lowers blood pressure through sympathetic inhibition, and worsens orthostatic tolerance within days. Conversely, hypercaloric nutrition augments sympathetic activity and blood pressure. Because dietary interventions could be applied in patients with syncope, we tested the hypothesis that short-term hypercaloric dieting improves orthostatic tolerance. In a randomized crossover trial, 20 healthy individuals (7 women, 26.7 ± 8 years, 22.6 ± 2 kg/m2) followed a 4-day hypercaloric (25% increase of energy intake by fat) or normocaloric nutritional plan, with a washout period of at least 23 days between interventions. We then performed head-up tilt table testing with incremental lower body negative pressure while recording beat-by-beat blood pressure and heart rate. The primary endpoint was orthostatic tolerance defined as time to presyncope. Time to presyncope during combined head-up tilt and lower body negative pressure did not differ between hypercaloric and normocaloric dieting (median 23.19 versus 23.04 min, ratio of median 1.01, 95% CI of ratio 0.5–1.9). Heart rate, blood pressure, heart rate variability, and blood pressure variability in the supine position and during orthostatic testing did not differ between interventions. We conclude that 4 days of moderate hypercaloric nutrition does not significantly improve orthostatic tolerance in healthy individuals. Nevertheless, given the important interaction between energy balance and cardiovascular autonomic control in the brain, caloric intake deserves more attention as a potential contributor and treatment target for orthostatic intolerance.
Development of an Early Fire Detection Technique Using a Passive Infrared Sensor and Deep Neural Networks
Authors: Xavier Karish Leo Britto Leo , Nanayakkara Visakha K.
Published: October 2022

Early detection of fire is key to mitigate fire related damages. This paper presents a differential pyro-electric infrared (PIR) sensor and deep neural networks (DNNs) based method to detect fire in real-time. Since the PIR sensor is sensitive to sudden body motions and emits a continuous time-varying signal, experiments are carried out to collect human and fire motions using a PIR sensor. These signals are processed using one-dimensional continuous wavelet transform to perform feature extraction. The corresponding wavelet coefficients are converted into RGB spectrum images that are then used as inputs for a deep convolutional neural network. Various pre-trained DNN architectures are adopted to train and identify the collected data for background (no motion), human motion, and fire categories: small quasi-static and spreading fires. Experimental results show that the ShuffleNet architecture yields the highest prediction accuracy of 87.8%. Experimental results for the real-time strategy which works at a speed of 12 frames-per-second show 95.34% and 92.39% fire and human motion detection accuracy levels respectively.
Combined internal resonances at crossover of slacked micromachined resonators
Authors: Hajjaj Amal Z. , Ruzziconi Laura , Alfosail Feras , Theodossiades Stephanos
Published: October 2022

The dynamics of micro-/nanoelectromechanical systems (M/NEMS) curved beams have been thoroughly investigated in the literature, commonly for curved arch beams actuated with electrodes facing their concave surface. Except for few works on slacked carbon nanotubes, the literature lacks a deep understanding of the dynamics of slacked curved resonators, where the electrode is placed in front of the convex beam surface. This paper investigates the dynamics of slacked curved resonators as experiencing combined internal resonances. The curved slacked resonator is excited using an antisymmetric partial electrode while the electrostatic voltage load is driven to elevated excitations, which breaks the symmetry of the system and affects natural frequencies and corresponding mode shapes. The axial load is tuned to monitor the ratios between the natural frequencies of different vibration modes, which induces simultaneous 1:1 and 2:1 internal resonances between the first and second mode with the third. We observe the interaction of hardening and softening bending of the fundamental backbone curves triggering various patterns of the response scenario and the appearance of coexisting regions of irregular dynamics.
Psychometric Assessment and Gender Invariance of the Polish Version of the Gaming Disorder Test
Authors: Cudo Andrzej , Montag Christian , Pontes Halley M.
Published: October 2022

In 2019, Gaming Disorder (GD) was officially recognised by the World Health Organization (WHO) as an official mental health disorder. Currently, the Gaming Disorder Test (GDT) is one of the most widely utilised psychometric tools to assess GD symptoms according to the WHO framework. In this context, the present study aimed to develop the Polish version of the GDT so that this tool can be used within the Polish cultural context. Additionally, the research aimed to ascertain the psychometric properties and appropriateness of the Polish GDT. To achieve this goal, the Polish GDT was investigated in terms of its validity, reliability, and gender measurement invariance through two studies. Accordingly, study 1 recruited a total of 675 gamers (340 female; Meanage = 31.74 years; SD = 7.75 years; range: 15–45 years) and study 2 comprised 575 gamers (275 female; Mage = 29.45 years; SD = 4.25 years; range: 18–35 years). A Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) was used to assess psychometric properties of the Polish GDT. The reliability was assessed using Cronbach’s alpha, McDonald’s omega, and Average Variance Extracted. Gender measurement invariance was investigated using multiple-group CFA, and the unidimensionality was tested using mean of item residual absolute loadings (MIREAL), explained common variance (ECV), and unidimensional congruence (UC). The results of the psychometric analysis showed that the Polish GDT had a one-factor structure. Additionally, the present study demonstrated that the Polish GDT exhibited adequate levels of convergent validity, reliability, and strict gender measurement invariance. These findings suggest that the Polish version of GDT is a suitable psychometric test to assess GD and facilitate research on GD.
Numerical Study of Gas Flow and Temperature Patterns in the Blast Furnace Throat
Authors: Mondal Debanga Nandan , Liu Weiqiang , Bartusch Hauke , Kaymak Yalcin , Paananen Timo , Mattila Olli , Saxén Henrik
Published: October 2022

The gas distribution in the shaft is of key importance for the performance of the blast furnace process, since it affects the way in which the burden is heated and reduced, and also the pressure drop in the shaft and cohesive zone. Traditionally, the gas distribution is followed by gas temperature measurements at several points over the radius or diagonal by the above-burden probes, but novel acoustic techniques can estimate the gas temperature over the full cross section of the throat. A fundamental problem is that the gas is redistributed in the upper bed and above it, so the measured profile may no longer reflect the conditions in the shaft. This paper studies the gas redistribution by a CFD model of the throat region, neglecting heat transfer to the bed and walls. It is demonstrated that strong redistribution and downward-swirling flows may occur, which affect the measurements. The arising conditions under different assumptions of the bed state are studied, and the dynamics of the changes are also briefly analyzed. A comparison of the findings of the computational model with acoustic measurements of the gas temperatures in the throat of two industrial blast furnaces reveals a good resemblance. The results of the study sheds light on the complex flow conditions of the gas in the blast furnace throat region and can be used to interpret information from measuring devices and to study how their positioning affects the measurements.
Small Intestinal Bacterial Overgrowth in Patients with Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass and One-Anastomosis Gastric Bypass
Authors: Novljan Urška , Pintar Tadeja
Published: October 2022

Background

Small intestinal bacterial overgrowth (SIBO) is defined as an excessive growth and/or changed composition of bacteria in the small bowel. Obese patients are at increased risk of SIBO and related complications. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the incidence of SIBO after bariatric bypass procedures, connection between SIBO, symptoms, comorbidities, and liver pathology.

Methods

Patients underwent a hydrogen breath test with glucose substrate (25 g/200 ml of water). The demographic, anthropometric data, comorbidities, and symptoms were analysed with a questionnaire. In 45 patients, the NAFLD Activity Score was evaluated in liver biopsies.

Results

Glucose breath test was positive in 24/56 (43%) of patients and was associated with higher frequency of defecation (p = 0.022), lactose intolerance (p = 0.047), scleroderma (p = 0.042), irritable bowel syndrome (p = 0.018), and diabetes (p = 0.002). Mean NAFLD Activity Score in SIBO patients (n = 18) was 3.33 and 3.00 in non-SIBO patients (n = 27). In SIBO-positive cohort of patients, a statistically important trend in difference between NAS and difference to range value anti-Xa 4 h after subtherapeutic dose application was calculated.

Conclusions

The incidence of SIBO after bariatric surgery bypass procedures is alarmingly high (43%). The results of our study conclude that diagnosis cannot be set based on specific symptom and SIBO is related to reduced response to the application of LMWH. Mandatory SIBO screening and appropriate treatment would affect the clinical outcome of the underlying disease, improve it significantly, and prevent the development of its complications.

Graphical abstract
The Role of Autophagy in Childhood Central Nervous System Tumors
Authors: Wang Yafeng , Xu Yiran , Zhu Changlian
Published: October 2022

Opinion statement

Autophagy is a physiological process that occurs in normal tissues. Under external environmental pressure or internal environmental changes, cells can digest part of their contents through autophagy in order to reduce metabolic pressure or remove damaged organelles. In cancer, autophagy plays a paradoxical role, acting as a tumor suppressor—by removing damaged organelles and inhibiting inflammation or by promoting genome stability and the tumor-adaptive responses—as a pro-survival mechanism to protect cells from stress. In this article, we review the autophagy-dependent mechanisms driving childhood central nervous system tumor cell death, malignancy invasion, chemosensitivity, and radiosensitivity. Autophagy inhibitors and inducers have been developed, and encouraging results have been achieved in autophagy modulation, suggesting that these might be potential therapeutic agents for the treatment of pediatric central nervous system (CNS) tumors.
Optimization of Drug Therapy for Heart Failure With Reduced Ejection Fraction Based on Gender
Authors: Iacoviello Massimo , Pugliese Rosanna , Correale Michele , Brunetti Natale Daniele
Published: October 2022

Purpose of Review

Over the last decades, several classes of drugs have been introduced for the treatment of patients with heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF). Their use has been supported by randomized controlled trials that have demonstrated improved patient outcomes. However, these trials enrolled a small number of female patients and sometimes have reported gender-related differences regarding the efficacy of the treatments. The aim of this review is to revise the available data about the influence of gender on the optimal treatment and drug dose in patients with HFrEF.

Recent Findings

Several gender-related differences in terms of pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic characteristics of the drugs have been described. These characteristics could be responsible for a different response and tolerability in men and women also when current recommended treatment of HFrEF is considered. Some studies have shown that, in women, lower doses of beta-blockers and inhibitors of renin angiotensin aldosterone system could be equally effective than higher doses in men, whereas sacubitril/valsartan could exert its favorable effect at greater values of left ventricular ejection fraction.

Although there is evidence about differences in the response to treatment of HFrEF in men and women, this has not been sufficient for differentiating current recommended therapy. Further studies should better clarify if the treatment of HFrEF should be based also on the patients’ gender.
T cell Repertoire Profiling and the Mechanism by which HLA-B27 Causes Ankylosing Spondylitis
Authors: Garrido-Mesa Jose , Brown Matthew A.
Published: October 2022

Purpose of Review

Ankylosing spondylitis (AS) is strongly associated with the HLA-B27 gene. The canonical function of HLA-B27 is to present antigenic peptides to CD8 lymphocytes, leading to adaptive immune responses. The ‘arthritogenic peptide’ theory as to the mechanism by which HLA-B27 induces ankylosing spondylitis proposes that HLA-B27 presents peptides derived from exogenous sources such as bacteria to CD8 lymphocytes, which subsequently cross-react with antigens at the site of inflammation of the disease, causing inflammation. This review describes findings of studies in AS involving profiling of T cell expansions and discusses future research opportunities based on these findings.

Recent Findings

Consistent with this theory, there is an expanding body of data showing that expansion of a restricted pool of CD8 lymphocytes is found in most AS patients yet only in a small proportion of healthy HLA-B27 carriers.

These exciting findings strongly support the theory that AS is driven by presentation of antigenic peptides to the adaptive immune system by HLA-B27. They point to new potential approaches to identify the exogenous and endogenous antigens involved and to potential therapies for the disease.
The Cognitive Basis of the Conditional Probability Solution to the Value Problem for Reliabilism
Authors: Olsson Erik J. , Tjøstheim Trond A. , Stephens Andreas , Schwaninger Arthur , Roszko Maximilian
Published: October 2022

The value problem for knowledge is the problem of explaining why knowledge is more valuable than mere true belief. The problem arises for reliabilism in particular, i.e., the externalist view that knowledge amounts to reliably acquired true belief. Goldman and Olsson argue that knowledge, in this sense, is more valuable than mere true belief due to the higher likelihood of future true beliefs (produced by the same reliable process) in the case of knowledge. They maintain that their solution works given four empirical assumptions, which they claim hold “normally.” However, they do not show that their assumptions are externalistically acceptable; nor do they provide detailed evidence for their normality claim. We address these remaining gaps in Goldman and Olsson’s solution in a constructive spirit. In particular, we suggest an externalist interpretation of the assumptions such that they essentially spell out what it means for a broad range of organisms capable of belief-like representations to be epistemically adapted to their environment. Our investigation also sheds light on the circumstances in which the assumptions fail to hold and knowledge therefore fails to have extra value in Goldman and Olsson’s sense. The upshot is a deeper understanding of their solution as a contribution to naturalized epistemology and a strengthened case for its empirical validity.
Narcissism, national narcissism, COVID-19 conspiracy belief, and social media use as predictors of compliance with COVID-19 public health guidelines
Authors: Vaal Stein , Schofield Malcolm B. , Baker Ian S. , Roberts Ben L.H.
Published: October 2022

Understanding health belief models, and the variables that influence adherence to public health measures imposed by local governments and international health bodies, is crucial to slowing down the spread of the virus that causes COVID-19. Conspiracy theories about the virus have quickly spread on social media and have been linked to reluctance to comply with COVID-19 regulations. Personality traits such as narcissism and collective national narcissism have also been associated with the way we perceive severity and susceptibility to the disease. To examine this further, participants (N = 183) completed an online questionnaire measuring belief in COVID-19 conspiracies, trait narcissism, national narcissism, and social media usage. A model containing these variables was able to significantly predict adherence to COVID-19 preventative health behaviours, with higher levels of COVID-19 conspiracy belief, narcissism, and social media usage all contributing to reduced adherence to recommended COVID-19 health behaviours. The findings suggest conspiracy beliefs, narcissism, and social media play a key role in adherence to behaviours orientated towards stopping the spread of COVID-19. Governments and social media companies need to demonstrate greater awareness of the negative effects of conspiracy theories spread through social media, in addition to awareness of how these effects may be greater in more narcissistic individuals.