bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Impact of acid blocker therapy on growth, gut microbiome, and lung disease in young children with cystic fibrosis
Authors: Liu Cathy , Bach Taiya R. , Farrell Philip M. , Pavelec Derek , Antos Nicholas J. , Rock Michael J. , Asfour Fadi , Howenstine Michelle , Gaffin Jonathan M. , Lai HuiChuan J.
Published: October 2024

Objective

Acid blocker therapy (ABT) has become common in cystic fibrosis (CF), despite insufficient evidence for benefits and studies showing potentially negative effects. We examined associations between ABT usage and growth, gut microbiome (GM), and early‐onset lung disease in young children with CF.

Methods

One hundred and forty‐five infants with CF born during 2012–2017, diagnosed through newborn screening by age 3 months and followed to 36 months of age at six CF centers were evaluated. Longitudinal data on growth, pancreatic functional status, pulmonary symptoms, and acid blocker medications were prospectively collected. Early‐onset lung disease severity was evaluated by a clinical scoring system. GM composition was assessed by 16S rRNA methodology.

Results

ABT use before age 3 years was frequent, with 81 (56%) of patients on H2 receptor antagonist (H2RA) or proton pump inhibitor (PPI), and higher among pancreatic insufficient (60%) versus pancreatic sufficient (26%) children. H2RA was commonly prescribed in infancy before transitioning to PPI. Growth improvements were not significantly greater, while GM α‐diversity at 3 years of age was significantly lower and early‐onset lung disease more severe, in persistent ABT users compared to nonusers of ABT.

Conclusion

In our cohort of young children with CF, early and persistent ABT use was not associated with significant growth benefits and instead showed associations with reduced GM diversity and negative effects on early‐onset lung disease. Consequentially, there is a critical need for systematic evaluation and comprehensive risk–benefit analysis of ABT to ensure proper guidelines for children with CF.
Water‐soluble chlorogenic acid‐chitosan and polydatin‐chitosan conjugates: antibacterial activity and inhibition of lipid and protein oxidation
Authors: Duan Tianfang , Xu Zeru , Xiong Shanbai , Du Hongying
Published: October 2024

BACKGROUND

Chitosan (CS), an abundant alkaline polysaccharide, is valued for its biocompatibility, non‐toxicity, and antibacterial properties. However, its limited solubility and modest antioxidant activity constrain its utility. Grafting polyphenols onto chitosan through the use of grafting reactions can enhance both the solubility and bioactivity of chitosan. Among the techniques employed, the free radical grafting method is favored for its simplicity, environmental sustainability, and its effectiveness in preserving biological activity.

RESULTS

In this study, chlorogenic acid (CGA) and polydatin (PLD) were conjugated successfully to chitosan by a Vc/H2O2 redox system. Analytical techniques such as ultraviolet‐visible (UV‐visible) spectroscopy, fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, X‐ray diffraction (XRD), and proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H NMR) were employed to confirm the formation of covalent bonding between the polyphenol molecules and the chitosan backbone. The novel conjugates displayed superior antioxidant properties in comparison with pristine chitosan, as evidenced by their enhanced 2,2‐diphenyl‐1‐picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical, 2,2'‐azinobis‐(3‐ethylbenzothiazoline‐6‐sulfonic acid) (ABTS) radical, and hydroxyl radical scavenging capacities, and Fe2+ reducing power. Both CGA‐CS and PLA‐CS exhibited excellent lipid and protein oxidation inhibition capabilities. Furthermore, the conjugates were shown to have significant antibacterial effects against four common pathogenic bacteria: Pseudomonas fluorescens, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Pseudomonas putida, and Staphylococcus aureus (P < 0.05).

CONCLUSION

The newly synthesized water‐soluble polyphenol‐chitosan conjugates demonstrated remarkable biological activity, particularly CGA‐CS. This study offers new insights and a strong theoretical foundation for developing natural food preservation materials with potential applications in the food industry. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.
Essential oils of thyme (Thymus vulgaris) and oregano (Origanum vulgare) as an alternative for the control of pesticide‐resistant Fusarium spp. in quinoa seeds
Authors: Fonseca‐Guerra Ingrid Rocio , Posada Adriana Marcela Valero , Rozo Martha Elizabeth Benavidez , Pineda Mayra Eleonora Beltrán
Published: October 2024

BACKGROUND

The phytopathogenic genus Fusarium can cause damage such as root and stem rot in economically important crops, with significant implications. To seek a sustainable method for controlling this phytopathogen in seeds, the antifungal activity of essential oils (EOs) from thyme (Thymus vulgaris) and oregano (Origanum vulgare) was evaluated against isolates of F. graminearum, F. equiseti, F. culmorum and F. oxysporum originating from quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa) crops in the Boyacá (Colombia).

RESULTS

Initially, the effectiveness of commercial fungicides against the mentioned phytopathogenic fungi was evaluated. Upon verifying that these isolates exhibited high resistance to these compounds, the EOs were assessed as a potential control alternative. A disk diffusion assay demonstrated complete in vitro inhibition of the growth of the evaluated phytopathogens when undiluted EOs were used. Subsequently, the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of these oils was determined using the agar well diffusion technique, revealing a MIC of 10 and 1 μL mL−1 for thyme and oregano oil, respectively. Following this, the antifungal activity of the EOs applied to quinoa seeds was evaluated, and germination indices were measured as an indirect indicator of their toxicity.

CONCLUSION

Despite both EOs successfully inhibiting microbial growth in the seeds, it was also found that thyme EO at 100 μL mL−1 and oregano EO at 10 μL mL−1 inhibited seed emergence and germination. However, lower concentrations exhibited a reduction in fungal population without affecting these germination indices. Therefore, it is suggested that the use of these compounds has potential in the treatment and disinfection of quinoa seeds. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.
A novel spine tester TO GO
Authors: Jansen Jan Ulrich , Zengerle Laura , Steiner Marcel , Sciortino Vincenza , Tryfonidou Marianna , Wilke Hans‐Joachim
Published: October 2024

Background

Often after large animal experiments in spinal research, the question arises—histology or biomechanics? While biomechanics are essential for informed decisions on the functionality of the therapy being studied, scientists often choose histological analysis alone. For biomechanical testing, for example, flexibility, specimens must be shipped to institutions with special testing equipment, as spine testers are complex and immobile. The specimens must usually be shipped frozen, and, thus, biological and histological investigations are not possible anymore. To allow both biomechanical and biological investigations with the same specimen and, thus, to reduce the number of required animals, the aim of the study was to develop a spine tester that can be shipped worldwide to test on‐site.

Methods

The “Spine Tester TO GO” was designed consisting of a frame with three motors that initiate pure moments and rotate the specimen in three motion planes. A load cell and an optical motion tracking system controlled the applied loads and measured range of motion (ROM) and neutral zone (NZ). As a proof of concept, the new machine was validated and compared under real experimental conditions with an existing testing machine already validated employing fresh bovine tail discs CY34 (n = 10).

Results

The new spine tester measured reasonable ROM and NZ from hysteresis curves, and the ROM of the two testing machines formed a high coefficient of determination R2 = 0.986. However, higher ROM results of the new testing machine might be explained by the lower friction of the air bearings, which allowed more translational motion.

Conclusions

The spine tester TO GO now opens up new opportunities for on‐site flexibility tests and contributes hereby to the 3R principle by limiting the number of experimental animals needed to obtain full characterization of spine units at the macroscopic, biomechanical, biochemical, and histological level.
Vortex‐Assisted Magnetic Solid‐Phase Extraction of Heavy Metals in Water and Food Samples Using Iron Oxide Nanoparticle‐Impregnated Carboxymethyl‐β‐Cyclodextrin
Authors: Ahmad Mansoor , Badshah Amir , Li Hongji , Asad Muhammad , Ibrahim Mohamed A. , Ali Essam A. , Shahat Abdelaaty A. , Nishan Umar , Khan Mansoor , Sun Wei
Published: October 2024

The excessive accumulation of heavy metals has adverse effects on the human body. Here, magnetic iron oxide‐impregnated carboxymethyl‐β‐cyclodextrin was synthesized. The synthesized material was employed as a magnetic solid‐phase extracting adsorbent for specific heavy metals like lead (Pb), nickel (Ni), copper (Cu), and cobalt (Co). Characterization was performed by X‐ray diffraction, energy dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, Brunauer–Emmett–Teller, and Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy. The analytical merits, like detection limits (Pb: 1.38 ng/mL, Ni: 0.5 ng/mL, Co: 0.14 ng/mL, and Cu: 0.55 ng/mL) and quantification limits (Pb: 4.14 ng/mL, Ni: 1.62 ng/mL, Co: 1.85 ng/mL, and Cu: 1.82 ng/mL) were calculated. Similarly, the preconcentration and enhancement factors (15) and relative standard deviation (Pb: 3.5, Ni: 0.92, Co: 2.7, and Cu: 1.5) were also calculated. The interfering study shows that the method is highly selective. For validation, it was applied to certified reference materials such as the Institute of Nuclear Chemistry and Technology ornamental Basma tobacco leaves and trace metal double addition 63.4 environmental water with good percent recovery values (92%–99%). Real water and food samples were also used with satisfactory (90%–99%) recovery results.
Suture anchor and transtibial pullout refixation of the posterior medial meniscus root tears restore tibiofemoral contact pressure and area to intact meniscus levels
Authors: Itthipanichpong Thun , Choentrakool Chitapoom , Limskul Danaithep , Thamrongskulsiri Napatpong , Tanpowpong Thanathep , Virulsri Chanyaphan , Tangpornprasert Pairat , Kuptniratsaikul Somsak
Published: October 2024

Purpose

To compare the load distributed to the medial tibial articular cartilage after refixation of posterior medial meniscus root tears between the suture anchor and transtibial pullout techniques in posterior medial meniscus root tears.

Methods

Twelve Thiel's embalmed human cadaveric knees are used and divided into three groups (four knees in each group): (1) intact meniscus (IM), (2) fixation with suture anchor technique (SA) and (3) fixation with transtibial pullout technique (TP). Each group applies an axial compression load up to 1500 N by Instron E 10000 at two knee flexion angles (0° and 60°). A Tekscan 4000 pressure sensor is used to record the contact pressure and the contact area for each testing condition.

Results

The contact pressure and the contact area between the three conditions are not significantly different at 0° and 60° knee flexion angles. The peak contact pressure and contact area are 3734.8 ± 2642.2 kPa, 288.2 ± 115.0 mm2, 4510 ± 2930.5 kPa, 204.4 ± 36.8 mm2 and 5328.8 ± 2607.7 kPa, 219.2 ± 84.7 mm2 in IM, SA and TP, respectively.

Conclusion

Both suture anchor and transtibial pullout refixation of PMMRT can restore contact pressure and contact area similar to the intact meniscus. This finding suggests that either technique can be reliably used in clinical practice to preserve joint function and potentially reduce the risk of osteoarthritis progression following posterior medial meniscus root tear repairs.

Level of Evidence

Level III.
AMIC achieves sustained clinical improvement in isolated patellar cartilage defects over 5 years, correlating with MRI
Authors: Joshi Jubert Nayana , Vinaixa Mercè Reverté , Torres Irene Portas , Moreno Martínez Daniel , Casaccia Marcelo , Garcia Marc Aguilar , Bueno Joan Pijoan , Feliu Enric Castellet , Monyart Joan Minguell
Published: October 2024

Purpose

To evaluate 5‐year postoperative clinical outcomes of autologous matrix‐induced chondrogenesis (AMIC) for isolated ICRS grade 3–4 patellar cartilage defects and correlate outcomes with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). The hypothesis was that AMIC would improve clinical symptoms and induce neocartilage formation, visible on MRI, making it a safe and effective option for repairing focal patellar cartilage defects.

Methods

The cohort comprised 13 focal patellar lesions in 12 patients. Pain visual analogue scale (VAS), Knee Injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS), Kujala score, EuroQol‐5D Health Survey questionnaire and MRI data were assessed preoperatively and at 2 and 5 years postoperatively. All MRI scans were evaluated using the Magnetic Resonance Observation of Cartilage Repair Tissue System. Descriptive statistics were calculated on all data. Inferential analysis comparing outcome scores before and after surgery employed the nonparametric Wilcoxon signed‐rank test, with the nonparametric Friedman test used to detect differences across multiple test attempts. p < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.

Results

Twelve patients (23–52 years old) with patellofemoral chondral full‐thickness defects (2–4 cm2) were treated. At a 5‐year follow‐up, eleven knees showed MRI improvement. Two were asymptomatic and nine showed clear clinical improvement. Only one knee showed no clinical improvement. MRI revealed a defect filling with newly formed cartilage characterized by a less compact and heterogeneous signal. Cartilage degradation or joint damage was observed in two knees, and bone formation within the plate was identified in four. AMIC significantly improved patients' VAS pain, KOOS, EuroQol‐5D and Kujala scores compared to preoperative baseline for up to 5 years postoperatively.

Conclusions

Satisfactory clinical outcomes and new cartilage formation, as observed by MRI, are achieved with AMIC at mid‐term follow‐up for ICRS grade 3–4 in small‐to‐medium‐sized patellar defects in patients under 52 years of age, with improvements maintained for up to 5 years.

Level of Evidence

Level III.
Novel Applicator Utilizing HIFES and Enhanced Synchronized Radiofrequency+ for Subcutaneous Fat Reduction: Porcine Model Study
Authors: Robb Chris W. , Bernardy Jan , Jarosova Rea , Hodkovicova Nikola
Published: October 2024

Objectives

Submental fullness has been associated with being perceived as unattractive. Technology combining radiofrequency and muscle stimulation offers submental contouring through fat reduction, muscle stimulation, and skin tightening. This study aims to demonstrate the effectiveness and safety of fat reduction aspect with a novel submentum applicator delivering HIFES and synchronized radiofrequency+ (RF+) energies.

Materials and Methods

Six white pigs (sus scrofa domesticus, n = 6, 60–80 kg) were recruited for this study, five in the active group (n = 5) received four treatments on the abdominal area, one sow served as a control (n = 1). Ultrasound, histological, and RT‐qPCR methods were used as evaluation methods.

Results

Fat thickness decreased at 1 month by −17.35% and at 2 month by 31.40%. Proapoptotic caspase‐9 gene expression increased (at 1 h, 6 h, 24 h to +43.45%, +21.22%, −8.36%), as well as caspase‐3 (+15.28%, +21.77%, −6.71%), while bcl2l1 activity decreased (−11.46% at 1 h, −17.02% at 6 h, −3.9% at 24 h). While the AI in the control animal had minimal change (at 1 h −0.08%, at 6 h −0.09%, and at 24 h −0.025%), the active group's AI increased from the baseline of 9.14 to 44.85 at 1 h (+391%), peaked at 6 h to 53.50 (+485%), and at 24 h to 38.17 (+318%).

Conclusion

The study results indicate the efficacy and safety of subcutaneous fat reduction following the novel technology combining HIFES and RF+ energies, designed to target small localized areas.
Managing Pharmaceutical Promotion Mix in the Rise of Social Media
Authors: Chaudhuri Malika , Hirunyawipada Tanawat , Pan Yue
Published: October 2024

A manufacturer of a branded prescription drug typically uses traditional promotional tools to communicate with consumers (i.e., direct‐to‐consumer advertising) and physicians (i.e., detailing, sampling, and journal advertising). These promotions seek to enhance brand drug visibility and, eventually, increase brand sales. As medical communication norms generally dictate how healthcare information is communicated, the emergence of social media challenges such norms and potentially inflates (or deflates) the efficacy of pharmaceutical marketing communication. In such situations, a crucial research question revolves around how marketers will adjust their promotional strategies. In this study, the authors analyze the longitudinal data of 41 brand drugs from 7 therapeutic classes between 2007 and 2014. Through the lens of signaling theory, they empirically show that the volume and valence of social media posts can enhance or hinder the sales impacts of different promotional activities. Specifically, the volume and valence of social media posts have the potential to amplify the sales impact of detailing and direct‐to‐consumer advertising, while diminishing the effects of sampling and journal advertising. The volume and valence of brand drug mentions as well as consumer passion toward the brand drug display similar effects on the efficacy of pharmaceutical promotions. The findings shed new light on conventional pharmaceutical promotion practices in the presence of social media and provide novel implications for promotion mix management.
Spatial distributions of Jonah and Atlantic rock crabs in the Georges Bank and Mid-Atlantic Bight regions during 1968–2021
Authors: Wade Kaitlynn J. , Wilberg Michael J. , Shank Burton , Cullen Daniel W.
Published: October 2024

Objective

The commercial importance of Jonah crabs Cancer borealis and Atlantic rock crabs Cancer irroratus has increased over the past few decades, but both species are still data limited. Objectives were to determine the spatial distributions of Jonah and Atlantic rock crabs over time and to estimate associations with environmental variables.

Methods

Data were from the Northeast Fisheries Science Center offshore spring bottom trawl surveys during 1968–2021 on Georges Bank and in the Mid-Atlantic Bight. Environmental preferences for temperature (°C), depth (m), and grain size (ϕ) were estimated using generalized additive models, and the habitat usage between the two crabs were compared using empirical cumulative distribution functions.

Result

The spatial distributions of Jonah and Atlantic rock crabs changed over time. Grain size was the most important environmental variable for predicting presence of Jonah crabs, and depth was the most important variable for explaining presence of Atlantic rock crabs. The generalized additive model with the best cross validation and the lowest Akaike information criterion for both crabs included all environmental, spatial, and temporal variables.

Conclusion

Jonah and Atlantic rock crabs have different spatial distributions and environmental preferences. Jonah crabs preferred slightly warmer temperatures, deeper depths, and muddier sediments than Atlantic rock crabs. As the commercial importance for Jonah crabs increases, information on their population distribution and habitat usage is important for effective management.
Qualitative analysis of blood from patients engaging in deliberate self‐harm: Differences between prescribed and detected drugs
Authors: Masuda Masato , Waters Brian , Gotoh Leo , Nakamura Yoshihiko , Kato Yoshifumi , Nabeshima Shigeki , Kubo Shin‐ichi , Eto Nobuaki , Kawasaki Hiroaki
Published: October 2024

Background

While drugs are sometimes taken during deliberate self‐harm (DSH), no study has attempted to analyze drugs in the blood of DSH patients and compare them with prescribed medications or other drugs. In this study, drugs were analyzed from the blood of DSH patients, and the detected, prescribed, and suspected drugs were documented.

Methods

Patients who practiced DSH and were transferred to the emergency sites of Fukuoka University Hospital between April 2021 and September 2022 participated in the study. Psychiatrists assessed information such as the history of psychiatric treatment and recent methods of DSH, as well as prescribed drugs within 1 month of presenting to the hospital. Blood samples were analyzed using LC–MS/MS. Participants were divided into groups according to whether or not they were prescribed psychotropics within 1 month.

Results

Fifty‐five patients were enrolled in the study. Forty had been prescribed psychotropics within 1 month of hospital admission. However, non‐prescribed drugs (NPD) were detected in 42 of the 55 participants (76%). The detection of NPD was significantly high among patients with overdose of medications and OTC drugs (p = 0.036), but NPD were also detected in patients who engaged in other methods (n = 14), and in patients without prescribed medication (n = 10).

Discussion

This is the first study focused on the drug analysis of blood from patients engaging in DSH. Approximately 80% of the DSH patients in this study had taken NPD, revealing a large discrepancy between prescribed medications and those detected in the blood.
Characterization of Trivalently Crosslinked C‐Terminal Telopeptide of Type I Collagen (CTX) Species in Human Plasma and Serum Using High‐Resolution Mass Spectrometry
Authors: Demeuse Justine , Determe William , Grifnée Elodie , Massonnet Philippe , Schoumacher Matthieu , Huyghebeart Loreen , Dubrowski Thomas , Peeters Stéphanie , Le Goff Caroline , Cavalier Etienne
Published: October 2024

With an aging population, the increased interest in the monitoring of skeletal diseases such as osteoporosis led to significant progress in the discovery and measurement of bone turnover biomarkers since the 2000s. Multiple markers derived from type I collagen, such as CTX, NTX, PINP, and ICTP, have been developed. Extensive efforts have been devoted to characterizing these molecules; however, their complex crosslinked structures have posed significant analytical challenges, and to date, these biomarkers remain poorly characterized. Previous attempts at characterization involved gel‐based separation methods and MALDI‐TOF analysis on collagen peptides directly extracted from bone. However, using bone powder, which is rich in collagen, does not represent the true structure of the peptides in the biofluids as it was cleaved. In this study, our goal was to characterize plasma and serum CTX for subsequent LC‐MS/MS method development. We extracted and characterized type I collagen peptides directly from human plasma and serum using a proteomics workflow that integrates preparative LC, affinity chromatography, and HR‐MS. Subsequently, we successfully identified numerous CTX species, providing valuable insights into the characterization of these crucial biomarkers.
Green Pathway of Urea Synthesis Through Plasma–Ice Interaction: Optimization and Mechanistic Insights With N2 + CO2 and NH3 + CO2 Gas Mixtures
Authors: Rathore Vikas , Desai Vyom , Jamnapara Nirav I. , Nema Sudhir Kumar
Published: October 2024

This study presents a green approach for urea synthesis using plasma–ice interaction with N₂ + CO₂ and NH₃ + CO₂ gas mixtures. Plasma characterization via electrical and optical emission spectroscopy revealed that urea formation involves complex reactions driven by high‐energy species, producing reactive nitrogen and carbon intermediates. Plasma‐treated ice exhibited increased pH, electrical conductivity (EC), and reduced oxidation–reduction potential (ORP). Optimization of parameters, especially treatment time, significantly influenced urea formation. The NH₃ + CO₂ plasma produced a higher urea concentration (7.7 mg L−1) compared to the N₂ + CO₂ plasma (0.55 mg L−1) due to ammonia's greater reactivity. This method offers a sustainable, energy‐efficient alternative to traditional urea synthesis processes.
Confirmation of Solid Phase Extracted Post‐Blast Explosives Residues Analyzed Using Pulsed Split Injection GC/MS
Authors: Cruse Courtney A. , Tipple Christopher A. , Miller Mark L.
Published: October 2024

A pulsed split injection method was developed for the improved detection of explosives using gas chromatography with mass spectrometric detection (GC/MS) with negative chemical ionization for 12 organic explosives (nitramines, nitrate esters, nitroalkanes, nitroaromatics) and electron ionization with selected ion monitoring for triacetone triperoxide (TATP). An order of magnitude increase in signal (average factor of 13) was observed for all organic explosives with the utilization of the pulsed split injection for samples processed by solid phase extraction (SPE). The method was successfully applied to post‐blast explosives residue processed by SPE and syringe filtration as a confirmatory technique following gas chromatography with electron capture detection (GC/ECD) screening. Compared to current methodologies previously reported, a decrease in the false screen rate (the number of compounds that passed the screening criteria, but not confirmed present) was achieved when employing this method. Processing of post‐blast explosives samples using SPE decreased the false screen rate from 60% to 34%, while using syringe filtration decreased the false screen rate from 73% to 51%.
Self‐association and multimer formation in AtLEA4‐5, a desiccation‐induced intrinsically disordered protein from plants
Authors: Romero‐Pérez Paulette Sofía , Martínez‐Castro Laura V. , Linares Alejandro , Arroyo‐Mosso Inti , Sánchez‐Puig Nuria , Cuevas‐Velazquez Cesar L. , Sukenik Shahar , Guerrero Adán , Covarrubias Alejandra A.
Published: October 2024

During seed maturation, plants may experience severe desiccation, leading to the accumulation of late embryogenesis abundant (LEA) proteins. These intrinsically disordered proteins also accumulate in plant tissues under water deficit. Functional roles of LEA proteins have been proposed based on in vitro studies, where monomers are considered as the functional units. However, the potential formation of homo‐oligomers has been little explored. In this work, we investigated the potential self‐association of Arabidopsis thaliana group 4 LEA proteins (AtLEA4) using in vitro and in vivo approaches. LEA4 proteins represent a compelling case of study due to their high conservation throughout the plant kingdom. This protein family is characterized by a conserved N‐terminal region, with a high alpha‐helix propensity and invitro protective activity, as compared to the highly disordered and low‐conserved C‐terminal region. Our findings revealed that full‐length AtLEA4 proteins oligomerize and that both terminal regions are sufficient for self‐association in vitro. However, the ability of both amino and carboxy regions of AtLEA4‐5 to self‐associate invivo is significantly lower than that of the entire protein. Using high‐resolution and quantitative fluorescence microscopy, we were able to disclose the unreported ability of LEA proteins to form high‐order oligomers in planta. Additionally, we found that high‐order complexes require the simultaneous engagement of both terminal regions, indicating that the entire protein is needed to attain such structural organization. This research provides valuable insights into the self‐association of LEA proteins in plants and emphasizes the role of protein oligomer formation.
Effects of Concurrent Administration of Spironolactone in Veterans with Metastatic Prostate Cancer Receiving Abiraterone: A Real‐World Retrospective Study
Authors: Whyne Erum Z. , Jeon‐Slaughter Haekyung , Kelly Katherine , Dowell Jonathan E.
Published: October 2024

Introduction

Prostate cancer is the most common cancer in men in the United States with low survival rates once metastasized. Abiraterone is approved for use in castrate‐sensitive and castrate‐resistant prostate cancer and is used extensively in the Veterans Affairs (VA) healthcare system. Spironolactone, a diuretic used to treat heart failure, edema, ascites, and hypertension, may increase androgen levels and reduce effectiveness of abiraterone when used concurrently to treat prostate cancer patients. While previous case studies support this, no large epidemiology studies have been conducted. The current study utilizes the large, VA prostate cancer data core and evaluates the effect of concomitant spironolactone on efficacy of abiraterone treatment in metastatic prostate cancer patients.

Patients and Methods

The study selected 18,943 veterans with metastatic prostate cancer on abiraterone treatment. Of these, 581 patients (3.1%) were also on concomitant spironolactone. The concomitant treatment group, abiraterone + spironolactone, significantly differed from the abiraterone‐only group in body mass index, prevalence rates of heart failure and liver disease, and being previously treated with docetaxel. A 1:1 propensity score matching method was used to balance sample sizes and baseline traits between the two treatment groups, abiraterone versus abiraterone + spironolactone. Kaplan–Meier curves and Cox proportional hazard model were used to compare 5‐year overall survival and all‐cause mortality outcomes, respectively, between the two groups.

Results

After propensity score matched, the abiraterone + spironolactone group was treated with abiraterone significantly longer than the abiraterone‐only group (mean ± standard deviation days 549.0 ± 552.3 vs. 435.5 ± 474.1; p = 0.0002) and had a higher 5‐year overall survival rate (44% vs. 37%; p = 0.0116). Veterans with metastatic prostate cancer treated with abiraterone + spironolactone also had a lower 5‐year all‐cause mortality compared to those only on abiraterone (hazard ratio 0.80, 95% confidence intervals 0.61–0.96; p = 0.012).

Conclusion

This large VA observational study suggests that concomitant use of spironolactone does not compromise cancer control or survival of metastatic prostate cancer patients treated with abiraterone.
Size effect of ZIF‐8 based nanocarrier pesticide delivery system on targeted release and insecticidal activity
Authors: Gao Zhou , Tan Jinfang , Sun Yuqing , Jiang Xiaoqian
Published: October 2024

BACKGROUND

Traditional chemical pesticides are easily lost by surface runoff and only small quantities reach the target, thus causing serious environmental pollution. In this work, dinotefuran@zeolitic imidazolate framework‐8@polydopamine@zein (DNF@ZIF‐8@PDA@zein), was constructed to deliver DNF with pH and enzyme double response of release, thereby achieving targeted release and efficient long‐term pest control.

RESULTS

DNF@ZIF‐8@PDA@zein was synthesized with three hydrated diameters (249.73 ± 9.99 nm, 142.94 ± 5.63 nm and 75.16 ± 4.66 nm, respectively). The release of DNF from DNF@ZIF‐8@PDA@zein after 28 h was significantly higher at pH 5.0 (89.22 ± 7.18%) compared to that at pH 8 (81.8 ± 6.11%). Protease‐assisted release of DNF was notably higher than that without protease (pH 5: 89.22 ± 5.55% versus 27.19 ± 3.22%; pH 8: 81.8 ± 6.11% versus 25.39 ± 3.87%). The stimuli‐responsive release of DNF from DNF@ZIF‐8@PDA@zein increased with decreased particle size due to increased pore size, reduced binding forces (i.e., weaker π–π stacking, hydrogen bonding, and Zn–N covalent bonding), and the shortening of diffusion path, leading to faster disintegration and drug release. Additionally, the anti‐photolysis ability of DNF@ZIF‐8@PDA@zein was 3.2 times that of pure DNF. The insecticidal activity improved with smaller nanoparticles due to higher drug release rate and greater inhibition of detoxification enzyme activity by more zinc ion (Zn2+) dissolution.

CONCLUSION

The pH and enzyme dual‐responsive release as well as insecticidal activity of DNF@ZIF‐8@PDA@zein increase with decreased nanoparticle size, showing effective pest management in long‐term and potential application prospects in sustainable agriculture. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.
International and internal migration and the subjective wellbeing of wives left behind in Ghana
Authors: Kutor Senanu Kwasi , Arku Godwin
Published: October 2024

Husbands' labour migration has ramifications for significant family members, particularly wives left behind. However, limited studies have been conducted to examine the impacts of husbands' migration on women left behind married to international and internal migrants. Drawing on a purposive sampling survey of 298 Ghanaian women (international = 129 and internal = 169) in the Volta Region, we assessed their subjective wellbeing using three dimensions: self‐reported health, self‐reported satisfaction with life, and self‐reported happiness. The results from t‐tests show that on average, international women left behind have higher perceived health (3.72), perceived happiness (3.82) and satisfaction with life (3.19). Results from the multivariable binary logistic regression analyses reveal that while no variables predict self‐reported health for international women left behind, high frequency of communication is statistically associated with internal women left behind self‐assessed health. International women left behind who lived in nuclear households and internal women left behind who reported high wealth quintiles were both statistically associated with satisfaction with life, respectively. While demographic factors (age and duration of marriage) were significant predictors of happiness for international women left behind, neighbourhood type and frequency of communication predicted happiness for internal women left behind. The differences in variables predicting each of the subjective wellbeing dimensions demonstrate the concept's multidimensionality. It also highlights factors influencing subjective wellbeing outcomes of women left behind are not solely due to their husbands' migration. The policy implications of this study are highlighted.
Milk in the intercostal tube: Revealing Boerhaave syndrome
Authors: Kuthadi Manasa , K Surendar Reddy , Mood Narayana , Papayagari Alekya , Gattu Rakesh
Published: October 2024

We present an uncommon pathology of Boerhaave's syndrome and its fatal outcome in a 77‐year‐old man who presented to the emergency room with loss of consciousness and a history of chronic cough that had increased in intensity over the past week. Radiological investigations revealed bilateral pleural effusion, initially pointing to a transudative aetiology. Diagnostic pleural aspiration showed an exudative effusion with high amylase, and an intercostal drainage tube was inserted for the left massive effusion. Contrary to the initial provisional diagnosis, the discovery of ingested milk in the intercostal drainage tube raised suspicion of Boerhaave's syndrome. Around 90% of perforations occur on the left side of the distal oesophagus, presenting as a pleural effusion on the left side. Less than 10% of patients experience bilateral pleural effusions. This patient's clinical presentation, which led to the diagnosis, is of interest. Unfortunately, he eventually lapsed into sepsis and succumbed.
Learning to Support Students to Reason Through Talk: How Pedagogically (Dis)Content Teaching Assistants Use a Curriculum Guide Integrated With Professional Development
Authors: Freeman Alyssa S. , Carter Tina B. , Google Angela N. , Jia Zhigang , Grinath Anna S.
Published: October 2024

Given the potential impact of introductory science laboratories on postsecondary students' science learning, careful thinking is needed about how to support teaching assistants (TAs) to create opportunities for their students to reason about science. Research suggests that teachers are best positioned to improve their teaching practices when they recognize aspects of pedagogical discontentment and also feel they have the appropriate tools and resources to achieve their teaching goals in the future. This comparative case study examines how TAs who are pedagogically discontent or pedagogically content with their practice of supporting students to reason through talk engaged with a curriculum guide integrated with a weekly professional development (PD) program to grow their teaching practice. We found that only the pedagogically discontent TAs developed their use of ambitious talk moves to support more rigorous discussions over one semester. However, we also found that all TAs used the curriculum guide to plan opportunities for students to reason through talk. This research contributes new understandings about the role of pedagogical discontentment for TA learning of student‐centered teaching practices. This research also has implications for designing TA‐facing curriculum guides integrated with a weekly PD cycle to support TAs to develop teaching practices that support students to reason through talk.
Endoxylanase Immobilized Nanoporous Silica for the Production of Xylooligosaccharides: Equilibrium Kinetics, Thermodynamic Studies, and Enzyme Characteristics
Authors: Kartik Jeevamani P. M. , Dutta Partha , Shivudu Godhulayyagari , Sowmianarayanan Parimala , Gardas Ramesh L. , Chandraraj Krishnan , Selvam Parasuraman
Published: October 2024

Nanoporous structured silica materials, namely f‐SiO2, SBA‐15, IITM‐41, and MCM‐41 were employed as the matrices for immobilizing endoxylanase by adsorption method. The equilibrium kinetics, activation energy, and thermodynamic parameters associated with endoxylanase adsorption were investigated. Our findings revealed a two‐phase adsorption mechanism: an initial phase featuring rapid adsorption rates, succeeded by a slower phase wherein adsorption gradually progressed until equilibrium was attained. Analysis of the adsorption kinetic data indicated a better fit with the pseudo‐second‐order model, suggesting chemisorption and highlighting its temperature dependency. The calculated activation energy (Ea) values fell within the range of physisorption, indicating the involvement of both types of adsorption processes. Thermodynamic assessments confirmed that the adsorption reactions were spontaneous, feasible, and endothermic. Notably, the immobilization process did not change the optimum pH of the enzyme, while the optimum temperature shifted slightly. Furthermore, immobilized enzymes show a higher reaction rate (Vmax) than the soluble XynC. All immobilized xylanases produced xylobiose (X2) to xylohexose (X6) by hydrolyzing the xylan substrate. Recycling studies showed that up to 80 % of the yield was retained after seven cycles of reuse. Our study demonstrates the potential of nanostructured silica as an effective immobilization matrix for enzymes of industrial significance.
Inclusion of Reduced Graphene Oxide to Silk Fibroin Hydrogels Improve the Conductive, Swelling and Wound Healing Capacity
Authors: Ruiz Isleidy , Castro Sofía , Aedo Valentina , Tapia Mauricio , González Luisbel , Aguayo Claudio , Fernández Katherina
Published: October 2024

Developing dressing for wound dressings represents a significant challenge for the scientific community. In this study, a conductive hydrogel was synthesized to promote the wound‐healing process. This hydrogel is composed of silk fibroin (SF), reduced graphene oxide (rGO), and glycerol (G). The impact of modifying the SF:rGO ratio, and the G content (%), on the physicochemical and biological properties. The hydrogels were characterized using FT‐IR, SEM, XRD, TGA, swelling, mechanical resistance, and conductivity. The cytotoxicity of the materials and their wound‐healing capacity in human fibroblasts were also determined. Chemical analysis revealed that the gelation of SF occurs due to the formation of β sheet structures, which was confirmed by the shift from amide I to amide II. An Increase in the SF:rGO ratio favored swelling behavior, although increasing G reduced this effect. The swelling of the hydrogel followed a Fick diffusion mechanism. Furthermore, the increase in the SF:rGO ratio and the percentage G improved the conductivity of the materials. The hydrogels were found to be non‐cytotoxic to human fibroblasts, and those containing rGO exhibited superior wound healing capacity compared to the positive control cell culture medium. Therefore, SF:rGO hydrogels could be considered promising candidates for wound dressing.
Efficient Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of Some New Pyrazolo[1,5‐a]pyrimidine Derivatives as Antimicrobial Activity
Authors: Abbas Hebat‐Allah S. , Ahmed Eman H. , Fouda Ahmed M.
Published: October 2024

A series of new pyrazolo[1,5‐a]pyrimidine 4–15 derivatives were synthesized starting from 3,5‐diaminopyrazole derivatives 3 a,b as precursor using a simple, efficient procedure, and screened for their in‐vitro antimicrobial activities. All the synthesized compounds were fully characterized by IR, 1HNMR, 13CNMR, MS spectral data, and elemental analysis. Among the investigated against the antimicrobial activity, compounds 4 b, 4 d, 4 e, 8 b, 9 and 12 showed the best activity. The remaining compounds were found to have weak activity against gram‐positive and gram‐negative.
Epoxy Value Measurement of E44 Epoxy Resin by Various Chemical Titration Method
Authors: Li Xianhua , Zou Xiujuan , Zhang Xiangyu , Yin Xiaoyan , Sui Xianhang
Published: October 2024

During the production of epoxy resins, it is crucial to control or to know the epoxy groups. It is known that epoxy value is the most important analytical index of epoxy resin physical quantity to characterize the number of epoxy groups in epoxy resin. In this paper, two ways for testing the epoxy values of E44 epoxy resin are developed based on chemical titration method: hydrochloric acid‐acetone method and perchloric acid‐tetraethylammonium bromide method. The features of different methods and the influence of approaches on epoxy value are studied systematically. At the significant level of 0.05, for hydrochloric acid‐acetone method, the confidence interval for the mean is (0.454±0.003)eq/100 g, and for perchloric acid‐tetraethylammonium bromide method, the confidence interval for the mean is (0.453±0.003)eq/100 g. It has been proved that the test results of the two methods are basically the same. And the advantages and disadvantages of the two methods have been put forward. In addition, the testing mechanism of hydrochloric acid‐acetone method and perchloric acid‐tetraethylammonium bromide method is illustrated in detail. On the basis of superiority over the two methods, a novel method for testing epoxy resin with rapid and accurate epoxy value can be envisioned.
One‐Pot Synthesis of C‐Substituted bis‐Benzimidazoles and Benzobisimidazoles via Reductive Cyclization of o‐Nitroaniline Derivatives and Aldehydes using Sodium Metabisulfite in a Microwave Reactor
Authors: Cherukumalli Purna Koteswara Rao , Prasad Kotipalli Yesu , Khanna Baman , Srinivas Ravula , Vijayasaradhi Sivalenka
Published: October 2024

Herein, we report a simple and an economical method to synthesize C‐substituted bis‐benzimidazole and C‐substituted benzobisimidazole derivatives in moderate to excellent yields using sodium metabisulfite, under microwave irradiation conditions. The most attractive feature of the methodology is the three‐step yet one‐pot condensation of nitroarenes with various benzaldehyde derivatives to synthesize useful benzimidazoles, and an easy product isolation method by simple solvent trituration techniques. The methodology can be fine‐tuned to synthesize selectively the mono C‐substituted benzimidazoles, leaving a nitroaniline functionality intact for preparing a variety of unsymmetrical C‐substituted bis‐benzimidazoles.
Supramolecular Catalyst for Improving the Sensitivity of Biomolecule Detection
Authors: Yao Pengnan , Xu Wen , Zhang XueJi , Kong Jinming
Published: October 2024

Supermolecule refers to two or more molecules that are bonded together by secondary bonds between molecules to form a multimolecular system at the level of more than molecules. At this point, the molecules form an orderly aggregation, showing its unique structure and function. Supramolecular catalysts can form structures with specific functions through non‐covalent interactions (e. g., hydrogen bonding, π‐π stacking, etc.) to mimic the catalytic mechanism of natural enzymes and achieve susceptible and specific detection of biomolecules. The application of supramolecules is mainly focused on the self‐assembly of components for the construction of sensing platform. Therefore, supramolecular catalysts have a huge potential in biomolecule detection. This article focuses on the application of cyclodextrins(CD), cucurbit[n]uril(CB), porphyrins(PP) and Calix[n]arenes(CA) in the field of catalysis and in improving detection sensitivity. Research progress of supramolecular catalysts in polymerization amplification is summarized in this paper.
Bright and Stable Cyan Fluorescent RNA Enables Multicolor RNA Imaging in Live Escherichia coli
Authors: Jiang Li , Zuo Fangting , Pan Yuanyuan , Li Ruilong , Shi Yajie , Huang Xinyi , Zhang Dasheng , Zhuang Yingping , Zhao Yuzheng , Lin Qiuning , Yang Yi , Zhu Linyong , Chen Xianjun
Published: October 2024

Fluorescent RNAs (FRs), which are RNA aptamers that bind and activate their cognate small fluorogenic dyes, have provided a particularly useful approach for imaging RNAs in live cells. Although the color palette of FRs is greatly expanded, a bright and stable cyan FR with good biocompatibility and biorthogonality with currently available FRs remains desirable but is not yet developed. Herein, the development of Myosotis is described, an RNA aptamer that emits bright cyan fluorescence upon binding a novel GFP chromophore‐like fluorophore called DBT. Myosotis has a nanomolar affinity for DBT and shows a weak dependence on magnesium for folding. Further studies reveal that the Myosotis‐DBT complex has a long fluorescence lifetime, good photostability, and enhance cellular brightness. It is further shown that Myosotis‐DBT is biorthogonal to Pepper and Clivia FRs, allowing multiplex fluorescence imaging of RNA in live bacteria. Myosotis can also use to image mRNA in live bacteria, revealing potential coupling between mRNA translation and stability. It is believed that this cyan FR will be a useful tool for studying the functionality and mechanism of RNA underlying diverse biological processes.
Sodium Vanadates for Metal‐Ion Batteries: Recent Advances and Perspectives
Authors: Chen Xingyu , Chen Junhua , Wan Zhilin , Hu You , Duan Dingran , Zhao Yan , He Qiu
Published: October 2024

Rechargeable metal‐ion batteries (MIBs) play a pivotal role in advancing the stable supply of renewable energy by efficiently storing and discharging electrical energy. In recent years, to propel the continuous advancement of MIB technology, numerous studies have concentrated on exploring and innovating electrode materials, aiming to engineer commercial batteries with high energy density, superior power density, and extended cycle life. Notably, sodium vanadates have garnered significant attention in the realm of MIBs owing to their distinctive crystal structures, abundant resource reservoirs, and exceptional electrochemical properties. This paper provides a prompt and comprehensive review of the research landscape for various sodium vanadates (such as NaxV2O5, Na1+xV3O8, Na2V6O16·xH2O, etc.) in the domain of MIBs over the past five years. It delves into the structural characteristics, electrochemical performances, and energy storage mechanisms of these materials, while also proposing some effective strategies to augment their electrochemical capabilities. Building upon these insights and prevailing research outcomes, this review envisions the future developmental pathways of sodium vanadates for MIBs and aims to reveal the vast potential of sodium vanadates in the emerging energy storage field and provide researchers with clear insights and perspectives for developing optimal sodium vanadate electrodes.