bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The concept of axial movement of blast furnaces and temperature distribution on the horizon of air tuyeres
Authors: Kryachko G.Yu. , Sigarev Ye.M.
Published: July 2024

The purpose of the work is to clarify the data on temperature changes on the horizon of the air tuyeres of blast furnaces. The limitations associated with the implementation of the well-known concept of axial movement of blast furnaces in terms of temperature stabilization in the coke nozzle blast furnace are considered. Based on the comparison of the results of studies on the temperature distribution of coke and its fractional composition at level of air tuyeres, it is shown that on blast furnaces equipped with coneless filling devices and coal dust blowing units, the critical zone in the distribution of temperatures and their fluctuations in time is the intermediate zone between "bird's nest" and the center of the furnace. A temporary, but sufficiently long-term decrease in the temperature of coke to 1000 °C in the intermediate zone of modern blast furnaces is not accompanied by the danger of toterman formation, which is facilitated by the existence of an axial coke vent — a kind of heated core of the coke nozzle and sufficient thermal inertia of the furnace. It has been established that the increase in blowing costs affects distribution of coke temperatures on the horizon of air tuyeres in a similar way to the tendency of the hot strength of coke to deteriorate — the temperatures in the intermediate zone of the coke nozzle decrease. It is recommended to take into account the change in the quality of the loaded coke when choosing dimensions of the coke vent in the center of the furnace and the degree of forcing its course by blowing. In the conditions of using pulverized coal fuel, when working on coke of average quality, the most acceptable mode of organization of the radial gas flow is peripheral-axial with an advantage in the development of axial over peripheral. Despite some conventionality of the examples discussed in the article, it can be argued that a long axial stroke without stroke disturbances can be realized only if the intensity of the peripheral gas flow is maintained for specific conditions. That is, in an ideal form, axial movement of blast furnace melting is practically impossible.
Yield components and seed attribute of nine varieties of open-pollinated chili.
Authors: Azmi Chotimatul , Sembiring Asma , Kurniawan Helmi
Published: July 2024

Many studies related to chili varieties and productivity have been conducted. However, studies on the potential of seed production based on seed rendements to fulfil the need for chilli seeds are still limited. The study aimed to present rendement results, yield, and quality of the nine open-pollinated chilli seed varieties owned by the Indonesian Vegetable Research Institute (IVegRI), i.e. were Tanjung-2, Lembang 1, Ciko, Lingga, Kencana, Prima Agrihorti, Rabani Agrihorti, Carvi Agrihorti, and Branang, planted in a screen house. This study was conducted from January to December 2019. Cultivation techniques and seed certification followed the applicable Procedures. Data were analysed using descriptive methods. Observations were made on harvested fruits for yield and quality of seeds produced. The study revealed that Branang had the highest chili productivity (34.15 gm-2). Meanwhile, the highest seed rendement was Lembang 1 (5.48%). All varieties had good germination, namely above 75%. Based on the results, the breeders are expected to obtain information related to seed productivity from chili varieties owned by the Indonesian Vegetable Crops Research Institute (IVegRI).

Penelitian terkait varietas dan produktivitas cabai telah banyak dilakukan. Akan tetapi, penelitian tentang potensi produksi benih berdasarkan rendemen benih untuk memenuhi kebutuhan benih cabai masih terbatas. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menyajikan hasil rendemen, daya hasil, dan mutu sembilan varietas benih cabai menyerbuk terbuka milik Balai Penelitian Tanaman Sayuran (Balitsa) yaitu Tanjung-2, Lembang 1, Ciko, Lingga, Kencana, Prima Agrihorti, Rabani Agrihorti, Carvi Agrihorti, dan Branang yang ditanam di rumah kaca. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan pada bulan Januari sampai dengan Desember 2019. Teknik budidaya dan sertifikasi benih mengikuti Prosedur yang berlaku. Data dianalisis dengan metode deskriptif. Pengamatan dilakukan terhadap buah yang dipanen untuk mengetahui daya hasil dan mutu benih yang dihasilkan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Branang memiliki produktivitas cabai tertinggi (34,15 gm-2). Sementara itu, rendemen benih tertinggi adalah Lembang 1 (5,48%). Semua varietas memiliki daya berkecambah yang baik, yaitu di atas 75%. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian ini diharapkan para pemulia tanaman dapat memperoleh informasi terkait produktivitas benih dari varietas cabai yang dimiliki Balai Penelitian Tanaman Sayuran (Balitsa).
Clinical, Genomic, and Transcriptomic Characteristics of Patients with Metastatic Renal Cell Carcinoma Who Developed Thromboembolic Events
Authors: Galarza Fortuna Gliceida , Chigarira Beverly , Mathew Thomas Vinay , Kant Sahu Kamal , Adidam Kumar Shruti , Tripathi Nishita , Sayegh Nicolas , Agarwal Neeraj , Swami Umang , Maughan Benjamin L. , Li Haoran
Published: July 2024

Thromboembolic events (TE) are a common complication in patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma (mRCC) and are associated with poorer clinical outcomes. However, the incidence of TE and clinical and genomic characteristics of patients with mRCC who develop this complication are poorly understood. Herein, we describe the incidence and clinical features of patients with mRCC with or without TE at our institution, and examine their association with the underlying genomic and transcriptomic characteristics of the tumor. This retrospective study included all consecutive cases of mRCC seen at our institution. A CLIA-certified lab performed tumor genomics and transcriptomics. Patients were classified based on the presence of a TE within the first year of diagnosis. Three hundred and seventy patients with mRCC were included in the study. TE was seen in 11% (42) of the patients. Patients with favorable International mRCC Database Consortium (IMDC) risk were less likely to develop a TE. In contrast, patients receiving combination treatment with a tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) and an immune checkpoint inhibitor were more likely to develop a TE. No difference in overall survival among patients with or without TE was observed (52 vs. 55 months; HR 0.85, 95% CI 0.5574–1.293, p = 0.24). The most upregulated pathways in mRCC with TEs versus those without were the xenobiotic metabolism and mTORC1 signaling pathways. Our findings suggest potential biomarkers that, after external validation, could be used to better select patients who would benefit from prophylactic anticoagulation.
Solution process of graphene-induced ohmic contact between the metal and AlGaN/GaN for hemts application
Authors: Tran Viet Cuong , Huynh Vo Anh Hao , Nguyen The Duy , Dinh Duc Anh , Tran Trung Tin , Tran Trung Nghia
Published: July 2024

This work demonstrates an AlGaN/GaN high electron mobility transistor (HEMT) with Cr/Graphene ohmic contacts constructed without heat treatment. The Cr/Graphene ohmic contact was fabricated using a spray-coated graphene nanoflakes solution and electron-beam-evaporated Cr. This method does not require a high-temperature annealing step in conventional Ti/Al/Ni/Au ohmic contact. It is suggested that the Cr/graphene combination acts similarly to a doped n-type semiconductor in contact with AlGaN/GaN heterostructures, enabling carrier transport to the AlGaN layer. The investigated Au/Cr/ Graphene/AlGaN/GaN HEMT device exhibits ohmic drain characteristics in the range of -4 V to 4 V of drain-source voltage with a calculated contact resistance density of 2.5 mΩcm2. Our results have important implications for the fabrication and manufacturing of AlGaN/GaN-based microelectronic and optoelectronic devices/sensors of the future.
Reformulation of Calvinist Ethics from a Study Turats Perspective
Authors: Zahro Fatimatuz , Irama Yoga
Published: July 2024

Abstract: Western culture that is full of discipline, hard work, and unyielding according to Max Weber is the implication of the application of Calvinism ethics resulting from Protestant teachings. This phenomenon does not seem to have received serious application and attention from Muslims even though Islam itself is a religion that is full of teachings of hard work and perseverance. In the Islamic world, there is what is called Islamic Calvinism. Indeed, further, careful and scientific efforts are needed so that there is no misperception about the Calvinism desired by Islam and the Calvinism originating from Protestantism. This is what will be discussed in this article, through the literature study method, researchers will examine how far the ethics of Islamic Calvinism are understood as one of the sources of community progress through the search for classical books (turats).
Ilmu Nafs: The Existence of The Application of Sufism to Human Psychological Conditions
Authors: Bakhtiar Inayah Aqilah , Yusro Ghefira Azzura Tazkiya , Azahro Fatimah Nur
Published: July 2024

The human soul is the fundamental component that builds a human being itself. The Soul serves as the source of consciousness, thoughts, and feelings, and is the true core element of a human being. The development of time raises various problematic aspects of life, such as social, economic, political, cultural customs, and so on. This complexity then envelops humans with different worldviews. Human assumptions about life can lead to inner struggles that potentially trigger mental complexities of the soul. Sufism plays a significant role in Ilmu Nafs, emphasizing a deep understanding of the human soul and its psychological conditions. The research aims to improve the existence of Sufism in human psychology by implementing Islam and faith in life. This research is a qualitative study based on the library research analytical method in writing. This research indicates a strong correlation between the science of Sufism and the sense of Self.
Dominative Critique of Hadith Matn: A Habermas' Critical Hermeneutics Approach
Authors: Ichwayudi Budi , Prayogi Ananda
Published: July 2024

Abstract. Dominative criticisms of hadith texts have recently caused some disruption in the established methodologies of hadith criticism outlined by traditional scholars. If left unchecked, this could lead to the imposition of Western biases, which might dominate one body of knowledge over another, or even one value system over well-established Islamic teachings. Two examples of such hadith are those concerning the age of Aisha's marriage and female leadership. Therefore, this study explores the application of J?rgen Habermas' critical hermeneutics, which has the capacity to uncover underlying dominations, to address these issues. The core aim is to investigate the ideological distortions present in hadith criticism. To address this problem, the study employs a qualitative, library-based research method, relying on information sources from various books, articles, and journals. Through the lens of J?rgen Habermas' critical hermeneutics, this paper reveals and examines Western biases, such as ethical standards regarding child marriage and gender equality standards. It also highlights that these values emerged post-Enlightenment, indicating that they are relatively recent compared to the origins of the hadiths in question. Thus, this paper attempts to critique and dismantle the hegemonic dominance that infiltrates hadith criticism, offering a movement towards uncovering these deeply ingrained biases. Keywords: critical hermeneutics, J?rgen Habermas, matn criticism, ideological bias, domination.
Causality and His Critical of the Western Concept
Authors: Roini Winda , Sari Arum , Mujahidah Basmah
Published: July 2024

Human thought patterns and perspectives are increasingly dominated by materialism and secularism. The universe is understood as something that has no beginning, is a mechanism, and is not related to the existence of God. As a figure who criticizes and rejects Western philosophical thought, al-Ghazali emphasized that the universe had a beginning and could not be separated from God’s role. This is certainly contrary to the Islamic worldview. This article aims to reveal al-Ghazali’s thoughts on the concept of causality, his criticism of Western thought, and his solutions to these problems. The method used in this research is qualitative with a content analysis approach. This research proves that al-Ghazali’s criticism of Western cosmology produces alternative solutions that are considered relevant to answering the problem of hegemonic thinking about materialism and secularism.
Pendidikan Holistik Dalam Kitab Ta’limul Muta’allim Perspektif Zarnuji
Authors: Nurhayati Dewi , Afifah Muruatul , El-faradis Fayruzah
Published: July 2024

Education in fact, get the challenge that in line with the intellectual advanced and development era. Commonly, the society defined and understand the education as it was. Education only depends on knowledges transformation classically and formally. In reality education is very complex that requires various solutions and implementations of its unique and complexity. Thus, visioner education with the new concept hopefully can cover and fulfill the life needs. The new concept thinking is required in order to support innovative education. This article describes the education concept that it's existence trapped to formality concept and empty-knowledge transformation only, referred to one understanding only, while human beings live with all unique and complexity in all aspects of life. Besides of that, human being with their complexity have instinct and needs that in line with knowledge instinct thus could be solutions of every problems. This research method uses qualitative research methods with documentation data collection methods, in the form of literature studies from the Zarnuji books This article offer one concept that expected to solve that problem through the holistic education in Islam on Zarnuji's perspective.
The Problem of the Authenticity The Endless Debate Between Revisionist and Traditionalist New Perspectives
Authors: Ulum Muhammad Babul
Published: July 2024

The authenticity of hadith is an endless debate between the western and Islamic worlds, mainly due to different points of view. The nonconformity arose because the study of the Islamic world focused on dogmatic ideological nuances, while western world studies adopted a more critical and academic methodology. The present study aimed to explore how these two opposing viewpoints assessed the hadith of the Prophet. The studies conducted by Goldziher and Schacht were selected as representatives of the Western world and those of Azami for Islam. Azami, a leading traditionalist Islamic scholar, had tried to counter both from an academic perspective. Furthermore, other Islamic scholars often reiterate the opinion of Azami when rejecting theses of Goldziher and Schacht. This study attempted to answer three main questions using the abductive method, namely, How do the Western and Islamic perspectives view the hadith of the Prophet? What argument was put forward by Azami for refuting the views of Goldziher? Why does Goldziher opinion continue to get stronger despite the numerous attacks
Counter-Radicalization in Madrasah: Implementation The Values of Religious Moderation at Man Insan Cendekia Padang Pariaman West Sumatra
Authors: Wahyuni Dwi
Published: July 2024

Since 2019, the Indonesian government has launched a program to strengthen religious moderation as a strategic step to counter-radicalization in various sectors of public institutions. Among these important sectors are madrasas. However, how madrasah residents respond to the idea of religious moderation and what religious moderation is like in practice, still needs to be researched more comprehensively. This article aims to show the response and implementation of religious moderation at MAN Insan Cendekia Padang Pariaman. A qualitative research method was employed with a case study approach. Data were collected through in-depth interviews, observation and document analysis. This article shows that at MAN Insan Cendekia Padang Pariaman, there is critical acceptance of diverse moderation and its implementation occurs in intra-religious tolerance. The implementation of various moderation that has occurred at MAN Insan Cendekia Padang Pariaman shows the success of madrasas in counter-radicalization
Peran Aktif Warga Ilmu Sejati dalam Kehidupan Sosial Masyarakat di Desa Ngadirejo Tanjunganom Nganjuk
Authors: Jauhari Moh. Irmawan
Published: July 2024

Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengekplorasi dan menganalisis peran aktif warga Perguruan Ilmu Sejati di Desa Ngadirejo Tanjunganom Nganjuk dalam kehidupan sosial. Penelitian ini memiliki pendekatan kualitatif dan jenisnya adalah fenomenologi. Data diperoleh dengan cara wawancara, observasi, dan dokumentasi. Analisis data dengan tiga langkah yaitu pemadatan data, penyajian data, dan penarikan kesimpulan/verifikasi. Hasil penelitian menyatakan nilai Perguruan Ilmu Sejati yang ditanamkan kepada anggotanya adalah, menjadi basis peran aktif adalah, Dua kalimat syahadat, kedua Zikir tarek, dan ketiga adat istiadat baik yang mengedepankan budi pekerti luhur, dan kasih sayang. Tiga ajaran utama ini dalam praksisnya menjadikan warga perguruan dalam kehidupan sosial mendorong terciptanya masyarakat yang mengedepankan ketenteraman umum, kemandirian, kebersamaan, kerukunan, dan terwujudnya masyarakat yang adil makmur. Peran aktif warga Perguruan Ilmu Sejati dalam ruang sosial merupakan kemampuan untuk hidup bersama dalam perbedaan. Peran aktif tersebut seperti mengambil tempat dalam kontribusi positif di masyarakat agar kehidupan berjalan selaras sesuai dengan aturan yang berlaku.Kata Kunci:
Balance of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines in young patients who passed active Immunization against SARS-CoV-2 during the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Li Yulia A. , Dmitrachenko M. N. , Markelova E. V. , Korolev I. B. , Kostinov M. P. , Bondar L. I.
Published: July 2024

In 2019, the COVID-19 pandemic began and changed the world. Coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 has caused widespread illness and death around the world. In this regard, vaccination become the most important tool for creating herd immunity. Our study analyzed the dynamics of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines and antibodies to SARS-CoV-2 in the blood serum of young patients before and after vaccination against COVID-19. The study group included 76 young men. Determination of IL-1β, IL-4, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, IL-17, IFNγ, TNFα and IgM and IgG antibodies to COVID-19 in venous blood sera was carried out twice, by ELISA using the test systems of Vector-Best Company, Novosibirsk. The first blood samples were carried out before vaccination, the second — 1 month after vaccination against COVID-19. The results were processed using STATISTICA 8.0. The vaccinated people were monitored for 6 months after vaccination. Levels of indices before vaccination: IL-1β (5.6 pg/ml (Q₂₅–Q₇₅ = 3.1–14.2); IL-4 (1.02 pg/ml (Q₂₅–Q₇₅ = 0.75–1.28); IL-6 (27.8 pg/ml (Q₂₅–Q₇₅ = 7.1–59.9); IL-8 (29.9 pg/ml (Q₂₅–Q₇₅ = 19.51–32.14); IL-10 (4.47 pg/ ml (Q₂₅–Q₇₅ = 1.84–14.75); IL-17 (7.33 pg/ml (Q₂₅–Q₇₅ = 6.82–8.58); IFNγ (0.7 pg/ml (Q₂₅–Q₇₅ = 0.4–0.9); TNFα (3.9 pg/ml (Q₂₅–Q₇₅ = 2.2–6.4). Levels of indices after vaccination: IL-1β (1.6 pg/ml (Q₂₅–Q₇₅ = 1.4- 2.2); IL-4 (0.84 pg/ml (Q₂₅–Q₇₅ = 0.59–1.12); IL-6 (1.2 pg/ml (Q₂₅–Q₇₅ = 0.6–1.7); IL-8 (10.1 pg/ml (Q₂₅–Q₇₅ = 3.8–28.9); IL-10 (5.84 pg/ml (Q₂₅–Q₇₅ = 1–9.99); IFNγ (0.6 pg /ml (Q₂₅–Q₇₅ = 0.3–0.8); TNFα (0.6 pg/ml (Q₂₅–Q₇₅ = 0.3–1.9). Both before and after vaccination against SARS-CoV-2, different distributions of cytokine levels were identified with a downward trend, but despite this, strong correlations were observed between many of them, which indicates an increase in the tension of the immune system in response to vaccination. When calculating the ratio of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines, its two-fold decrease was revealed, which reflects a decrease in the levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines after vaccination. The level of IgG antibodies to COVID-19 exceeded the protective level: more than 14 times in 98% of subjects. Further research into the impact of SARS-CoV-2 vaccination on innate immunity will allow us to reconsider the current vaccination strategy and determine the best approach to preventing COVID-19.
Personalized approach to immune system rehabilitation in patients with year-round allergic rhinitis suffering from recurrent ARVI and recurrent herpes virus infections
Authors: Khalturina Evgeniya O. , Garskova N. V. , Shemetova A. D.
Published: July 2024

Introduction. The problem of treating patients with respiratory allergopathology associated with recurrent infectious diseases, such as rARVI, frequent exacerbations of rCHVI, is becoming urgent. The presence of persistent inflammation and co-infection significantly complicates the treatment of immunocompromised patients with year-round allergic rhinitis (YAR) and necessitates the development of personalized programs, with the inclusion of immunomodulatory agents for restoring disorders in the immune system (IS) and interferon system (IFN). Materials and methods. The study group (SG) included 65 patients of both sexes aged 23–60 years, suffering from YAR associated with rARVI and rCHVI. The comparison group (CG) consisted of 50 healthy individuals, comparable in sex and age. All patients underwent standard physical, immunological and allergological examinations, including the use of serological (ELISA, ImmunoCUP), molecular genetic (PCR-RV) methods, FC, etc. Voluntary informed consent was obtained from all patients. The StatPlus computer program was used for statistical analysis. Results and discussion. In patients with YAR associated with rARVI and rCHVI, two variants of disorders in IS have been established, which are defined as pathological immunophenotypes (PIF). The PIF1 is characterized by a deficiency in the induced production of IFNα, a decrease in CD3⁻CD16⁺CD56+ EKKs, and a decrease in neutrophil granulocytes (NG). In the PIF2, along with a shortage of IFNα production, a decrease in EKKs is observed in combination with a decrease in CTLs, as well as a decrease in NGs. The clinical criteria for immunocompromising in this cohort of patients were studied. The severity of YAR symptoms was assessed by VAS. In order to correct the identified disorders in the IS and IFN system, complex personified IFN- and immunotherapy programs have been developed for each PIF, including prolonged local and systemic therapy with rIFNα2b in combination with antioxidants, as well as GMDP for patients of SG1, and for patients of SG2 — GMDP and hexapeptide. The high immunological and clinical efficacy of IFN- and immunotherapy was shown, which was expressed in the tendency to restore existing disorders, as well as in achieving control over the symptoms of YAR, with the possibility of reducing the volume of basic antiallergic pharmacotherapy.
Production of some cytokines as a reflection of various immunoregulatory mechanisms in post-covid myocarditis
Authors: Moskaletc Oxana V.
Published: July 2024

Currently, the problem of persistent myocardial damage in patients who have had COVID-19 has become one of the most pressing in the practice of cardiologists. The main mechanisms of the pathogenesis of post-COVID myocarditis are associated with a violation of immunoregulation caused by long-term persistence of the virus in the heart muscle and the launch of autoimmune processes that can lead to myocardial remodeling, the formation of myocardiosclerosis and the development of heart failure or arrhythmia. The purpose of this study was to assess the dynamics of the production of certain cytokines (IFNg, IL-4, IL-17А), which may indirectly reflect the activation of various immune response pathways in patients with post-COVID myocarditis, depending on the duration of the disease and the degree of heart failure. The study included 32 patients with post-COVID myocarditis, 36 patients with myocardial cardiosclerosis, and 10 apparently healthy individuals. It was found that in all patients with post-COVID myocarditis, the content of IFNg, IL-4, IL-17А in the blood serum was higher than in patients with myocardial cardiosclerosis (p 0.001; p 0.05; p 0.01, respectively) and conditionally healthy individuals (p 0.001; p 0.01; p 0.001, respectively). Compared with the group of patients with no or moderate severity of symptoms of heart failure (functional class 0–II), those with more severe heart failure (functional class III) had a higher level of interferon gamma (p 0.05). When comparing the results obtained with similar indicators in patients with myocardial cardiosclerosis who have the same degree of heart failure, no statistically significant differences were obtained. The maximum content of IFNg in post-COVID myocarditis was observed in the 2nd week of the disease (p 0.001 compared with the control group); then its level gradually decreased and by the end of the 2nd month there were no longer any significant differences. The opposite trend was observed in relation to the content of IL-4 and IL-17А: in the first two weeks, no statistically significant differences were detected with the control group, but then their content increased quite quickly (p 0.001 compared with the control group by the end of the first month of the disease) and continued to remain the same high until the end of the 2nd month. Thus, monitoring the content of IFNg, IL-4, IL-17А in blood serum can to some extent provide an idea of the sequence of development of the immune response in post-COVID myocarditis. An increase in IFNg levels in the early stages of the disease is probably associated with an increase in the manifestations of heart failure. Th17-mediated mechanisms may be involved in the process of myocardial remodeling resulting in myocardial cardiosclerosis.
Plasmablast response during acute SARS-CoV-2 infection
Authors: Byazrova Maria G. , Sukhova M. M. , Mikhailov A. A. , Romanova A. F. , Yusubaliyeva G. M. , Filatov A. V.
Published: July 2024

Plasmablasts are a population of short-lived B cells that appear in the circulation shortly after vaccination and during acute infection. Plasmablasts are formed from resting B lymphocytes, from which they differ in their ability to secrete antibodies, making them similar to plasma cells. Plasmablasts are terminally differentiated cells that can form at various nodes and branches of the B cell response. The plasmablast response is an indicator of the success of vaccination and also helps in predicting antibody levels after recovery or vaccination. However, the definition and classification of plasmablasts faces great experimental and theoretical difficulties. The aim of the work was to determine the characteristics of the plasmablast response during acute SARS-CoV-2 infection. The study included patients (n = 28) with a severe form of COVID-19. Blood sampling was carried out once on the 10–18th day from the moment of hospitalization. B cells were isolated by immunomagnetic separation. Cells were phenotyped using flow cytometry. Secretion of IgM and IgG was determined by ELISpot method. B cell subsets were isolated using a cell sorter. Patients with COVID-19 had an approximately fourfold increase in total plasmablast levels compared to healthy donors. An even more pronounced excess over the negative control was observed for RBD-specific plasmablasts. In terms of their composition, plasmablasts were one third IgM⁺ cells. This distribution between B-cell BCR receptor isotypes was consistent with the primary nature of the immune response in COVID-19. Approximately a third of plasmablasts carried the CD138 antigen. CD138 marker is characteristic of the late stage of plasmablast maturation and is also found on plasma cells. The CD27+CD38⁺ population was divided according to the expression of the CD138 antigen. Using the ELISpot method, we have shown that a significant portion of circulating plasmablasts are antibody-secreting cells. Among circulating plasmablasts, both early and late plasmablasts can be distinguished, which are characterized by the absence of a surface BCR, but which carry the CD138 antigen. Determining how plasmablasts relate to other B cell populations is of paramount importance for the development of new treatments for COVID-19 and for the creation of promising vaccines against SARS-CoV-2 infection.
Problems of applying preventive control procedures in anti-corruption compliance activities
Authors: Khachirov Tamerlan , Botasheva Lyudmila
Published: July 2024

It is important for all organizations, regardless of their size or type of activity, to act in accordance with current legislation, international norms and standards. To operate effectively, according to the author, a company needs not only to create a local regulatory framework that will not contradict the norms of current legislation, but also to adapt it to the scope of the organization’s activities in order to avoid legal problems. Compliance control in an organization plays an important role in preventing illegal actions, protecting against legal risks, maintaining its reputation and investment attractiveness. Compliance activities include a fairly wide range — from the formation of a local regulatory framework to the mitigation of potential risks by optimizing business processes. In general, research in the field of compliance is not very deeply represented in the scientific literature, since most companies consider the information necessary for an in-depth analysis of the effectiveness of compliance control in an organization to be confidential. Thus, this topic is relevant. This work will analyze the problems of applying preventive control procedures used by the compliance department when conducting an internal investigation of possible violations and taking appropriate measures to eliminate them. The purpose of this study is to study ways to minimize possible risks that arise when taking measures to prevent the occurrence of undesirable consequences during an internal investigation. The scientific novelty of this work lies in the development of an algorithm for implementing the application of preventive control procedures, which allows the compliance service to organize work with preventive control procedures.
Practice of investment activities in the gaming industry market
Authors: Kotikov Ilya , Turgaeva Aksana
Published: July 2024

In the article, the author analyzes the gaming industry market. The author focuses his attention on the company «Vertex Games Studio» and evaluates its investment attractiveness. Currently, the company «Vertex Games Studio» is implementing a project called «Without Memory». The goal of the project is the full development of a video game in the «interactive cinema» genre for a number of platforms. According to the author, the «interactive cinema» genre chosen for the project is an extremely popular genre of single-player computer games. The article analyzed the attractiveness of this project and highlighted the reasons for its attractiveness. The author is convinced that the primary indicator of investment attractiveness is the factor of obtaining a stable income over a long period of time. To assess the effectiveness of an investment project, statistical and dynamic methods for assessing the effectiveness of investments are used. After analyzing the specifics of investment activity in the gaming industry market, the advantages and disadvantages of this market for investors and companies requiring financial investments become obvious. As an analysis of investment attractiveness has shown, the «Without Memory» project is effective and profitable, both for the company and for the investor who will invest money in the implementation of this project. The indicators that were analyzed indicate the high investment attractiveness of the project. It is noted that the rights and obligations between the publisher and the developer are regulated by a special agreement and the laws of the country in which they are located. The author focuses on the fact that the digital industry has developed significantly in recent years, for this reason more and more professional funds have begun to invest their funds in this area.
Secular tax and Islamic tax: comparative legal analysis
Authors: Plaksin Dmitry , Tsygankov Alexander
Published: July 2024

This research paper is dedicated to a thorough comparative analysis of secular and Islamic taxation systems. The introduction provides detailed definitions of key concepts — tax, secular tax, and Islamic tax. It gives a classical definition of tax as a mandatory gratuitous payment for the benefit of the state. It describes the distinctive features of secular and Islamic taxes. This forms the necessary theoretical basis for the subsequent multi-faceted comparison of the two systems. Further, the main part conducts a detailed analysis of similarities and differences between secular and Islamic taxes based on multiple criteria grouped in a table by the renowned Professor Shovkhalov. It examines such key parameters as the original source of tax establishment, permissible limits of tax transformation over time, territorial scope of the tax, intended use of accumulated funds, state institutions and other organizations that directly collect taxes, a definitive list of taxpayer categories, admissibility of various tax base optimization schemes, existence of strict penalties for tax evasion. Each individual aspect is thoroughly compared, highlighting common characteristics and fundamental key differences, supported by illustrative examples from real taxation practices in different countries. In conclusion, the results are summarized in a condensed comparative table. An unambiguous conclusion is formulated about the fundamental difference between pragmatic secular taxes aimed at solving fiscal tasks of the state, and Islamic taxes, deeply rooted in the religious dogmas of Islam. Particular emphasis is placed on the crucial importance of accounting for the identified differences in taxation systems when analyzing national tax systems of various states, as well as when planning and conducting international financial transactions.
Corporate strategies in the context of implementing ESG principles
Authors: Orlova Anastasia , Turgaeva Aksana
Published: July 2024

The article examines various aspects of the implementation of corporate strategies that integrate ESG principles. This agenda is becoming increasingly popular and important every year, which is why research into the impact of ESG principles on companies’ corporate strategies is quite relevant. The author emphasizes that in the corporate sector, responsible investing has influenced the way companies are valued, as investors begin to place greater importance on the non-financial results of companies based on ESG. Thus, the author concludes that sustainable development is experiencing a boom period, resulting in the emergence of policies and strategies that ensure corporate responsibility. This article has been prepared as part of an analysis of the various benefits that companies can achieve, as well as an examination of the possible challenges that arise in this regard. Investors, customers and regulators are increasingly paying attention to the social responsibility of business, which highlights the importance of ESG trends as it helps companies gain competitive advantage and long-term stability. The author provides current statistics obtained from rating agencies, which allows us to illustrate and substantiate the arguments presented. In addition, a SWOT analysis of corporate strategies with ESG integration was conducted, which allows assessing the strengths and weaknesses, as well as opportunities and threats of corporate strategies, which will help the company make informed decisions and develop effective strategies in the long term. Based on the research, the author also formulated the conclusion that the implementation of ESG principles in corporate strategies can become a key factor in the success of business development in the modern world.
Geology, the Imagination, and Speculative Writing: Gideon Mantell’s Fossil Poetry in Anna Birkbeck’s Album
Authors: McAllister David
Published: July 2024

This article considers the literary and scientific significance of a poem written by the geologist Gideon Mantell in Anna Birkbeck’s album in 1825. ‘On a Group of Organic Remains of a Former World’ considers a cluster of fossils and asks them to give up information about the prehistoric world in which they had lived. Mantell’s speaker is particularly keen to discover whether a race of angelic beings might have inhabited earth before the biblical creation, as this would help to explain why no fossilized human remains had been found by geologists who had discovered innumerable other creatures buried in the rocks. This article considers why Mantell was interested in these questions, why he chose poetry as the best form in which to explore them, and what his contribution to Anna Birkbeck’s album tells us about the imbrication of scientific and literary writing in the Romantic era.
Sektöre Özgü Finansal Başarısızlık Öngörü Modeli: Tarım, Orman ve Balıkçılık Sektörü
Authors: Yapa Koray , Coşkun Metin
Published: July 2024

Bu çalışmada finansal başarısızlık literatüründe farklı sektörlerde faaliyet gösteren işletmeler için ortak bir model oluşturulmasından kaynaklanan sorunları ortadan kaldırabilmek amacıyla sektöre özgü öngörü modeli oluşturmak amaçlanmıştır. Bu doğrultuda Tarım, Orman ve Balıkçılık sektöründe 2009-2019 yıllarında faaliyet gösteren işletme verileri kullanılarak sektöre özgü dinamiklerin dikkate alındığı öngörü modelleri oluşturulmuştur. Bu dinamiklerin tespit edilmesi amacıyla Rastgele Orman, Adım adım ileri geri seçim ve K-en yakın komşuluk değişken azaltma yöntemleri kullanılıp beş farklı finansal başarısızlık tanımının performansları değerlendirilmiştir. Bu tanımları Rastgele orman, Lojistik regresyon, Yapay sinir ağları ve K-en yakın komşuluk sınıflandırma yöntemlerince değerlendirilmesi sonucunda kârlılık ve net işletme sermayesi kavramlarını içeren FF_5 tanımı diğer tanımlardan farklılaşmıştır. Modele uygulanan RF yöntemi neticesinde %96,5 doğruluk, %94,5 kesinlik ve %99 hassasiyet oranlarına hesaplanmıştır.
Relevance Vector Machines for Index Direction Predictions: An Application on Borsa Istanbul
Authors: Özgür Cemile
Published: July 2024

This study investigates index prediction performance of Relevance Vector Machines (RVM) and frequently applied Ridge Regression and Support Vector Machines (SVM). Daily prices of BIST Banks and BIST Financials indices of Borsa Istanbul are used to obtain one-day-ahead predictions of the algorithms. According to estimated performance measures, RVM yielded mostly the best metrics in both periods of BIST Banks. While SVM obtained the best performance metrics on BIST Financials index, metrics of RVM were not far from the best. Overall, the results indicate the applicability of RVM in predicting index directions and has a potential to be a good rival of SVM.
Comparing the financial benefits of different grain production systems in South Africa’s summer rainfall region
Authors: Maluleke Mary , van Schalkwyk Nic , de Beer Anika , Smith Hendrik , Blignaut James , Knot Jaap , Trytsman Gerrie , Erasmus Liane
Published: July 2024

There is growing evidence that soil degradation, among other factors, has led to both the decline and constraint of agriculture in southern Africa. Conservation and regenerative agriculture (CA/RA) have been proposed as a grain crop production system that could slow down, halt or even reverse some of these disturbing trends. But the question remains whether it is financially viable. We sought to find an answer to this question by comparing the financial returns of a CA/RA system over a 20-year period to its alternatives, namely conventional tillage (CT) and no-tillage (NT) production systems. The cumulative free cash flow (CFCF) of the average between the realistic and conservative CA/RA scenarios in year 20 is considerably higher than that of the other systems under investigation. The CFCF for CA/RA in year 20 in Mpumalanga is estimated to be R86 million, compared to -ZAR51 million for CT and about ZAR4 million for NT. That is a net difference between ZAR137 million (compared to CT) and ZAR82 million (compared to NT). In the Maluti area, the CFCF for the CA/RA production system is estimated at ZAR26 million, compared to -ZAR66 million for CT and -ZAR19 million for NT. In the North-West production area, the CFCF for the CA/RA production system is estimated at ZAR35 million, compared to -ZAR9 million for CT and about ZAR21 million for NT. The differences between the CFCF of the CA/RA system and the other systems represent the financial opportunity cost of not converting to the CA/RA system.
Assessment of metals and anions in tap, river, wastewater, and sludge: comparison of hotplate- and microwave-assisted digestion
Authors: K Naicker  , PN Mahlambi  , MM Mahlambi  , X Nocanda
Published: July 2024

In this study, the analysis of metals in tap, river, wastewater, and sludge samples was conducted using ICP−OES after hotplate- or microwave-assisted digestion. Both digestion methods produced a good degree of accuracy, indicating their suitability for the analysis of the studied metals in water samples. From method development studies, 100 mL of HNO3   was found to be the optimum sample volume and acid type for digestion. The average concentrations obtained ranged from 4.9–410.8 µg/L, 5.9–465.0 µg/L, 3.6–425.4 µg/L, 16.1–647 µg/L and 9.7–784 µg/L in tap water, river, influent, effluent, and sludge samples, respectively. All metals were below their maximum permissible limits, with the exception of Mn in all sludge samples and Pb in all tap water, Umhlathuzana River, and Northern Works influent samples.  Comparable recoveries and metal concentrations were obtained by microwave and hotplate methods, suggesting that the cheaper hotplate method can be used as an effective digestion method for daily analysis. Common anion concentrations obtained ranged from 0.03–23.5 mg/L, 0.02–3 064.67 mg/L, and 0.32–175.67 mg/L for tap, river, and wastewater samples, respectively. The anion concentrations were found to be below the maximum acceptable limits indicating no negative health effect on human and aquatic life, with the exception of Cl− and SO42− in Amanzimtoti and Northern River water, respectively.
Contexto de la medicina herbal y el proyecto de investigación
Authors: Zea Cobos Geovanna ,   Universidad Politécnica Salesiana (Ecuador), Caballero Pablo ,   Universidad Politécnica Salesiana (Ecuador)
Published: July 2024

La medicina herbal es una práctica terapéutica milenaria que utiliza partes de plantas para tratar y prevenir enfermedades. Sus compuestos químicos pueden tener propiedades terapéuticas y su uso ha demostrado ser efectivo en el tratamiento de diversas enfermedades. La medicina herbal ha evolucionado a lo largo de la historia, adaptándose a las necesidades y conocimientos de cada época. En el Ecuador, los pueblos indígenas han practicado la medicina herbal desde tiempos ancestrales, transmitiendo sus conocimientos de generación en generación. El uso de plantas medicinales en Ecuador abarca desde el tratamiento de enfermedades leves hasta condiciones más graves, y su efectividad ha sido respaldada por estudios científicos. La medicina herbal no solo tiene un valor terapéutico, sino también cultural. Representa una alternativa natural y accesible para el cuidado de la salud, y ha sido reconocida y valorada por muchas comunidades. Además, la medicina herbal ha contribuido al desarrollo de la medicina moderna, siendo fuente de nuevos medicamentos y objeto de investigaciones científicas. El rescate de los saberes ancestrales en el uso de plantas medicinales tiene un rol fundamental en el origen y evolución de la medicina herbal a nivel mundial y en el Ecuador. Desde la perspectiva bioquímica, el estudio y análisis de las plantas medicinales permite identificar los compuestos químicos responsables de sus propiedades terapéuticas, lo que proporciona valiosas pistas para la identificación de principios activos que podrían ser útiles en la medicina moderna. En conclusión, la medicina herbal tiene una larga historia y ha evolucionado a lo largo del tiempo. Su valor terapéutico y cultural, junto con su contribución a la medicina moderna, hacen de la medicina herbal una práctica relevante y digna de estudio y promoción. El rescate de los saberes ancestrales en el uso de plantas medicinales en el Ecuador tiene un potencial importante para la investigación y desarrollo de nuevos tratamientos y medicamentos.
СТОЛКНОВЕНИЕ ИНТЕНЦИЙ К ИНДИВИДУАЛЬНОМУ И К ВСЕОБЩЕМУ В СОЦИАЛЬНО-ИДЕОЛОГИЧЕСКОМ ПРОСТРАНСТВЕ ХХ ВЕКА
Authors: Белоусова Наталья Олеговна , Любченко Василий Сергеевич
Published: July 2024

Целью исследования является анализ наиболее масштабных социальных движений ХХ века в контексте проблемы соотношения уникального и всеобщего.
Методологическую базу исследования составляет комплекс философских и общелогических методов и подходов, среди которых использовались холистический, системно-структурный и системно-функциональный, сравнительный, метод совпадения исторического и логического, а также дисциплинарный метод бинарных оппозиций.
Результаты исследования. В рамках постановки проблемы соотношения уникального и всеобщего рассмотрены модификации и парадоксы противостояния интенций (идеалов) к «разнообразию и автономии личности» и к «фундаментальному единству и порядку». Отмечается, что некоторые положения либерализма содержат обоснование индивидуализма и предполагают и даже поощряют появление «локальных идеологий». К числу основных факторов, определяющих центростремительные силы и социальное разделение, автор относит «индивидность» и «индивидуальность» как формы бытия общности (человечества). Необходима тонкая диалектическая взаимосвязь свободы и справедливости в любом социальном масштабе, а не дезинтеграция под видом «освобождения».
Перспективы исследования предполагают возможности для дальнейшего исследования широкого спектра вариаций и оттенков столкновения идей «автономии и уникальности личности» со «всеобщностью» как ретроспективно, в социально-идеологической плоскости духовной культуры ХХ века, так и в направлении перехода к анализу современности.
ПРОБЛЕМЫ И ПРОТИВОРЕЧИЯ ЧЕТВЕРТОЙ ПРОМЫШЛЕННОЙ РЕВОЛЮЦИИ
Authors: Сиротский Максим Сергеевич , Дергачева Елена Александровна
Published: July 2024

Цели исследования — изучить научно-технические и промышленные революции, которые изменили облик человеческой цивилизации и всей планеты, а также привели к значительному повышению производительности труда и объемов выпускаемой продукции с применением возобновляемых источников энергии. Разобраться, какие сопутствующие проблемы привнесла четвертая промышленная революция для дальнейшей постановки задач и направлений поиска решений.
Методологическая база исследования — проведение авторского анализа научных и статистических данных в историческом контексте с определением границ качественного изменения объемов общемировой генерации возобновляемой энергии и оценкой экспоненциального роста населения планеты.
Результаты. Авторами обобщены проблемы «зеленой» энергетики и выявлена необходимость внедрения международных норм для снижения влияния деятельности человека на биосферу планеты. Определена необходимость смещения направления вектора современной мировой энергетики к возобновляемым источникам энергии с учетом междисциплинарного развития.
Перспективы исследования — привлечение внимания к необходимости исследования развития «зеленых» источников энергии с переоценкой заниженных издержек и переоценкой выгод в рамках четвертой промышленной революции.