bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
UJI AKTIVITAS ANTIOKSIDAN DENGAN MENGGUNAKAN METODE FRAP PADA EKSTRAK BUTANOL DAUN JATI (Tectona grandis)
Authors: Fitriyati Laeli , Septiani Sinta Wahyu , Muchromin Muchromin
Published: January 2024

Indonesia memiliki banyak tanaman yang dapat digunakan sebagai obat tradisional. Pengobatan tradisional dengan menggunakan bahan alam telah dilakukan secara turun. Tanaman daun jati (Tectona grandis) bisa digunakan sebagai antibakteri, antioksidan, dan antitoksik karena mengandung senyawa metabolit sekunder seperti tanin, antrakuinon, fenolik, antosianin, alkaloid, flavonoid, dan naftoquinon. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi aktivitas antioksidan ekstrak butanol dari daun jati (Tectona grandis). Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian eksperimental yang melibatkan pembuatan dua ekstrak daun jati menggunakan pelarut butanol dengan metode maserasi. Evaluasi dilakukan secara kualitatif (standarisasi dan uji tabung) dan kuantitatif menggunakan metode antioksidan FRAP (Ferric Reducing Antioxidant Power). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ekstrak butanol dari daun jati (Tectona grandis) memenuhi persyaratan standarisasi, yaitu memiliki kadar air 9,76% butanol, kadar abu 12,9% butanol, dan kadar abu tidak larut asam 0,7% butanol, serta mengandung saponin, polifenol, dan flavonoid. Nilai Inhibition Concentration 50 (IC50) untuk aktivitas antioksidan adalah 70,848 ppm dan 80,893 ppm, yang termasuk kategori kuat. Oleh karena itu, hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa ekstrak butanol dari daun jati (Tectona grandis) memiliki aktivitas antioksidan yang kuat.
Kata kunci : Daun Jati, Antioksidan, FRAP
Bawaslu's Authority to Resolve Disputes on Elected Candidates Internal to Political Parties in the 2024 Legislative Election
Authors: Pakaya Salahudin , Hadi Ismet , Mohamad Irwansyah Reza , Makmur Sitti Magfirah
Published: January 2024

The open proportional system used in the 2024 Legislative Election with the determination of elected legislative candidates within political parties based on the majority of votes has resulted in disputes over elected candidates within political parties. This research aims to determine the provisions governing procedures for resolving disputes between internal political party candidates and institutions authorized to resolve disputes. The research method used is normative with descriptive analysis looking at Bawaslu's authority in resolving cases based on reports from fellow legislative candidate members within the party. The authority to determine elected candidates as legislative members is in the hands of the KPU/KPUD in stages. Thus, political parties cannot intervene in this authority in any form. The research results found that Bawaslu as the institution responsible for supervising the stages or process of elections as attributed to the Election Law, should be able to handle or resolve disputes between internal legislative candidates of political parties because it is explicitly stated in the academic text of Law no. 7 of 2017 that Bawaslu received and reviewed reports regarding alleged violations of Election Administration Provisions because disputes over elected candidates within political parties were included in the election dispute regime and not the political party dispute regime. The conclusion of this research is that this type of dispute can occur in the election process, especially in the process of determining elected legislative candidates by the KPU, provincial KPU, district/city KPU.
Determination of the Anand Parameters for SAC405 Solders Through the Use of Stress-Strain Data
Authors: Mohd Syafiq Azfar Rizaman  , Ahmad Sufian Abdullah  , Aliff Farhan Mohd Yamin
Published: January 2024

The Anand inelastic constitutive model is commonly employed to depict the deformation behaviour of solders in electronics components. In the Anand model, plasticity and creep are coupled and described by the same set of flow and evolution relations. Using Anand's constitutive model for SAC405 (95.5Sn-4.0Ag-0.5Cu) lead-free solder, the theoretical equations for the solder's creep reaction and the uniaxial stress-strain response were obtained in this paper. The steps to obtain the parameters of Anand model using stress-strain and creep testing were also determined. Data on uniaxial stress and strain at various temperatures (T = 298 K (25 °C), 323 K (50 °C), 348 K (75 °C), 373 K (100 °C), and 398 K (125 °C)) and strain rates (ε̇ = 1 × 10-3 sec-1, 1 × 10-4 sec-1, and 1 × 10-4 sec-1) was used to calculate the Anand parameters. The Anand model's accurateness (goodness of fit) with the retrieved parameters was assessed by comparing the model's findings to the observed creep and stress-strain data. The Anand model consistently generated good predictions of the empirical data in all cases, across a wide range of temperatures and stress-strain levels. The goodness of fit values obtained were 0.852, 0.835 and 0.902 for strain rate 1 × 10-3 sec-1, 1 × 10-4 sec-1 and 1 × 10-5 sec-1 respectively.
Numerical Solution for A Curvilinear Crack Phenomenon in Thermoelectric Bonded Materials Subjected to Mechanical Loadings
Authors: Muhammad Haziq Iqmal Mohd Nordin  , Khairum Hamzah  , Nik Mohd Asri Nik Long  , Najiyah Safwa Khashi’ie  , Iskandar Waini  , Nurul Amira Zainal  , Sayed Kushairi Sayed Nordin
Published: January 2024

In this study, a curvilinear crack phenomenon laying in the upper part of thermoelectric bonded materials subject to mechanical loadings is considered. A curvilinear crack problem in thermoelectric bonded materials subjected to shear stress is formulated. The modified complex potential (MCP) function method is used to formulate this crack phenomenon into the hypersingular integral equations (HSIEs) with the help of the continuity conditions of the resultant electric force and displacement electric function. The normal and tangential traction along the crack segment serves as the right-hand side of the integral equation. The HSIEs are solved numerically for the unknown crack opening displacement (COD) function, electric current density, and energy flux load using the appropriate quadrature formulas. The numerical solution presented the behavior of the dimensionless stress intensity factors (SIFs) at the crack tips which depend on the elastic constant’s ratio, the position of the crack, the electric conductivity, and the thermal expansion coefficients.
Object Detection for Safety Attire Using YOLO (You Only Look Once)
Authors: Afifuddin Arif Shihabuddin Arip  , Norazlianie Sazali  , Kumaran Kadirgama  , Ahmad Shahir Jamaludin  , Faiz Mohd Turan  , Norhaida Ab. Razak
Published: January 2024

Personal protective equipment (PPE) usage is mandated for all employees to prevent workplace accidents and foster a safe and healthy work environment. Using YOLOv8 machine learning and Google Colab's web-based development environment, this research aims to create an immediate detection system for PPE violations in the workplace. By keeping track of PPE compliance, the system is intended to increase workplace safety and prevent accidents. The dataset is collected through a mixture of real-life image gathering and internet datasets. Various images are collected that aim to train the model to detect objects from afar, close, and individually. The research methodology includes a review of the literature, the gathering, pre-processing, and training of models. According to the use of safety helmets, safety shoes, and gloves, there are three different classes of detection based on the bounding box. The system successfully detected the classes with an overall score above 0.8. The safety helmet achieved 0.969, the safety gloves achieved 0.857, followed by the safety vest with 0.887. The findings from this study indicate that the developed system can effectively improve occupational safety and health management. However, there is a detection error factor caused by the lighting and colors. Future research can focus on integrating the system with other work safety systems to provide a comprehensive solution for accident prevention.
Docosahexanoic Acid Attenuates Palmitate-Induced Apoptosis by Autophagy Upregulation via GPR120/mTOR Axis in Insulin-Secreting Cells
Authors: Hong Seok-Woo , Lee Jinmi , Moon Sun Joon , Kwon Hyemi , Park Se Eun , Rhee Eun-Jung , Lee Won-Young
Published: January 2024

Background: Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) reportedly have protective effects on pancreatic β-cells; however, the underlying mechanisms are unknown.Methods: To investigate the cellular mechanism of PUFA-induced cell protection, mouse insulinoma 6 (MIN6) cells were cultured with palmitic acid (PA) and/or docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), and alterations in cellular signaling and apoptosis were examined.Results: DHA treatment remarkably repressed caspase-3 cleavage and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated UTP nick end labeling (TUNEL)-positive red dot signals in PA-treated MIN6 cells, with upregulation of autophagy, an increase in microtubule- associated protein 1-light chain 3 (LC3)-II, autophagy-related 5 (Atg5), and decreased p62. Upstream factors involved in autophagy regulation (Beclin-1, unc51 like autophagy activating kinase 1 [ULK1], phosphorylated mammalian target of rapamycin [mTOR], and protein kinase B) were also altered by DHA treatment. DHA specifically induced phosphorylation on S2448 in mTOR; however, phosphorylation on S2481 decreased. The role of G protein-coupled receptor 120 (GPR120) in the effect of DHA was demonstrated using a GPR120 agonist and antagonist. Additional treatment with AH7614, a GPR120 antagonist, significantly attenuated DHA-induced autophagy and protection. Taken together, DHA-induced autophagy activation with protection against PA-induced apoptosis mediated by the GPR120/mTOR axis.Conclusion: These findings indicate that DHA has therapeutic effects on PA-induced pancreatic β-cells, and that the cellular mechanism of β-cell protection by DHA may be a new research target with potential pharmacotherapeutic implications in β-cell protection.
A Contemporary Approach to the Diagnosis and Management of Adrenal Insufficiency
Authors: Charoensri Suranut , Auchus Richard J.
Published: January 2024

Adrenal insufficiency (AI) can be classified into three distinct categories based on its underlying causes: primary adrenal disorders, secondary deficiencies in adrenocorticotropin, or hypothalamic suppression from external factors, most commonly glucocorticoid medications used for anti-inflammatory therapy. The hallmark clinical features of AI include fatigue, appetite loss, unintentional weight loss, low blood pressure, and hyponatremia. Individuals with primary AI additionally manifest skin hyperpigmentation, hyperkalemia, and salt craving. The diagnosis of AI is frequently delayed due to the non-specific symptoms and signs early in the disease course, which poses a significant challenge to its early detection prior to an adrenal crisis. Despite the widespread availability of lifesaving glucocorticoid medications for decades, notable challenges persist, particularly in the domains of timely diagnosis while simultaneously avoiding misdiagnosis, patient education for averting adrenal crises, and the determination of optimal replacement therapies. This article reviews recent advancements in the contemporary diagnostic strategy and approaches to optimal treatment for AI.
Islamic Modernization, Identity Politics and Religious Conservatism in Indonesia (Reflections on the Renewal of Nurcholish Madjid's Islamic Thought)
Authors: JAMAL Syukron
Published: January 2024

Purpose:This research aims to trace the traces of the renewal of Nurcholish Madjid's Islamic thought, especially in the modernization of Islam, identity politics and Islamic religious conservatism.Methodology:In the context of this qualitative research, the researcher uses a discourse analysis approach. Researchers explore books and journal data sources relevant to the research topic through the library and research method.Findings:The research results show that for Cak Nur, reform must begin with two actions, one closely related to the other, namely breaking away from traditional values and seeking values oriented towards the future.Implication:In this connection, he put forward the idea of secularization as a liberation process. According to Cak Nur, this secularization process is essential, especially for the condition of Muslims who are no longer able to distinguish which values they think are Islamic, which are transcendent, and which are temporal; secularization is intended for worldly values that should be worldly and free Muslims from the tendency to make them worldly.
A Special Form of Diplomatic Encounter: Negotiations in Constantinople (1625–1626)
Authors: Hámori Nagy Zsuzsanna
Published: January 2024

In this article, I present a case study of a special form of diplomatic encounter that took place as secret negotiations between the resident ambassadors of France, England, Holland, and Venice and the Transylvanian envoys in Constantinople in 1625–1626 about a prospective alliance between Prince Gábor Bethlen and the anti-Habsburg powers during the Danish phase of the Thirty Years’ War. My analysis of this special form of negotiation offers a comprehensive overview of the practices deriving from the most characteristic circumstances and setbacks of diplomatic activity in Constantinople, i.e., what solutions (if any) were found to resolve problems of precedence, information brokerage, poor economic conditions, and bribery and corruption. I address, furthermore, the private interests of the participating Transylvanian diplomats and consider the extent to which these interests corresponded to the interests of their sending polity and especially of Gábor Bethlen. My discussion sheds light on the ways in which, in general, everyday challenges and networks of relations in Constantinople influenced the diplomacy of small states in the Ottoman orbit, specifically Transylvania in this case, when entering into an alliance with major powers outside the bonds of their Ottoman tributary status.
The diverse colours of money: the country-of-origin effects of foreign direct investment within East Asia
Authors: Sonn Jung Won , Zhao Yang
Published: January 2024

This article was published open access under a CC BY licence: https://creativecommons.org/licences/by/4.0/

In the existing literature on foreign direct investment, it is often assumed that multinational corporations and their direct investments reduce institutional differences among economies. Building upon this assumption, those influenced by management studies and mainstream economics see multinational corporations as an agent that upgrades local business conventions to global standards. Geographers do not usually accept this convergence theory and claim differences among host economies prevents convergence in business practices. The difference between these groups of scholars is that the non-convergence camp acknowledges the resilience of local business practices while the convergence camp does not.

The papers comprising this special issue question this shared assumption of foreign direct investment as a cause of convergence. As outlined in this introductory paper, and explored in detail in the following papers, we pay attention to the simple fact that the foreign direct investment is from a company or individual whose business practices are inherently influenced by their experiences of business in the nation or region of origin, and these experiences indelibly influence, to varying degrees, their local operations in investment destination. Once we accept such an obvious fact, recent debates on variety of capitalism and related literatures on the developmental state, welfare regime and other concepts all become relevant to understanding of the local operation of foreign-owned businesses.
New Settings, New Contexts for Pan and Faunus
Authors: Martin Michael S.
Published: January 2024

The second chapter of Appalachian Pastoral argues that multiple travel narratives from the mid-19th-century frame the author’s experience with the natural environment through the familiar discourse of literary pastoralism, that is, a portrayal of the landscape that is semi-domesticated, often with a shepherd tending his flock; idyllic in portrayal; and laden with Greek and Roman demi-gods and goddesses. Pastoralism as a framing device became a sort of willful fiction for writers such as Philip Pendleton Kennedy and William Gilmore Simms (Southward Ho! 1854), as such a device became a way of confronting an unknown landscape through a familiarizing literary trope for Northern readers. For example, Kennedy didn’t see water nymphs at (then) Virginia’s Blackwater Falls, nor were “Pan and Faunus” (157) actually there; but he instead willfully created a fictional version of the pastoral to familiarize a wild landscape for his potential audience.
Introduction
Authors: Fuhrmann Christina , Mero Alison
Published: January 2024

The introduction lays out the scholarly background and justification for the book, noting the major cultural shifts during the nineteenth century, including printing developments, celebrity culture, commodification of print, the rise in periodicals, and the ephemeral nature of many print artefact from the time, among other significant cultural forces.
“Domestic Affliction” and a “Relaxed Throat”
Authors: Wium Matildie
Published: January 2024

Mary Shaw (born Postans, 1814–1876) was a formally trained singer with a very successful European career. In 1842, she returned to England and took up a contract at Covent Garden, performing to great acclaim initially – but in 1843–1844, she developed serious vocal problems that coincided with personal difficulties, including the mental illness of her husband (who eventually died in an asylum in 1847) and the death of a child in 1843. Critics began to complain of her poor intonation, some ascribing it to physical vocal illness (such as the condition of the “relaxed throat,” mentioned in contemporary medical textbooks); others to the psychosomatic effect of her personal problems. Her vocal problems compelled her to retire from both stage and concert platform to take up teaching in 1846, and she remarried in 1851. When Shaw’s biography began to be included in collections such as Thomas Humphry Ward’s Men of the Reign and the Dictionary of National Biography (both appeared in 1885, nine years after her death), the attribution of Shaw’s vocal trauma to her emotional distress was confirmed, and endures to the present day. This essay considers how sympathy for Shaw was mediated in different printed publications during the 1840s, and how the psychosomatic explanation of her vocal problems was further established in biographical dictionaries in the 1880s.
A “Cosy Corner Chat” about Opera
Authors: Meinhart Michelle
Published: January 2024

Magazines for the “ladies” of the upper classes flourished during the last quarter of the nineteenth century through the start of WWI. Weeklies such as The Lady, The Gentlewoman, The Lady’s Pictorial, and The Queen presented editorials on fashion, balls, marriages, art, and entertainment, constructing an idealized, fashionable femininity within London’s high society around topics that presumably reflected elite readers’ interests and tastes. Such editorials were London-centric, but they attempted to connect with other urban centers in Britain, Ireland, and the Continent, creating networks of upper-class women readers and consumers. Central to the formulation of the fashionable woman in these magazines was music, and columns discussing opera, concerts, and sheet music were frequent. This essay examines the coverage of London’s opera culture in women’s high society magazines from 1885 to 1914, interrogating how debates over old and new femininities played out around music. I show that opera was primarily a social phenomenon for upper-class women, often in opposition to instrumental music. As opera coverage in the magazines waned, other music became increasingly connected with feminine usefulness and philanthropic work, coming to full fruition with the onset of war and new definitions of women’s “work” in 1914.
Melvin B. Tolson’s Harlem Gallery (1965) and Art as Meta-Object
Authors: Moffett Joe
Published: January 2024

Employing an alternate to Jane Bennett’s New Materialist approach, this chapter deploys Bill Brown’s notion of the “meta-object,” that is, an object that reflects on its own status as an object. Brown’s concept informs this chapter’s reading of Melvin Tolson’s long poem, Harlem Gallery. Tolson promotes the innate value in Black art as it manifests in individual objects. These objects capture the social struggles of African Americans at the same time they reveal their own tendencies as art objects capable of effects independent of their creators. As the chapter draws to a close, Tolson’s anticipation of Postmodernist tendencies in the long poem is examined, particularly a sense of play and an intense self-reflexivity.
Re-educating the Tyrant in Xenophon’s Hiero
Authors: Unruh Daniel
Published: January 2024

This chapter represents a close study of one of the most detailed depictions of communication between a citizen and a monarch in extant Classical literature. The Hiero is a dialogue between the poet and philosopher Simonides of Keos, and Hieron, tyrant of Syracuse in the early fith century BCE. The chapter argues that this dialogue represents an extended version of the communicative strategy depicted in Xenophon’s historical works. The Hiero represents a comprehensive demonstration of Xenophon’s more optimistic approach to communication with monarchs. An outsider to Syracuse, a citizen of an independent polis, and thus not subject to Hieron’s authority, Simonides is able to guide Hieron to the realisation that tyranny has failed to bring him any satisfaction in life, and then to provide an alternative that reconciles the apparently opposed identities of citizen and monarch.
Epilogue
Authors: Unruh Daniel
Published: January 2024

The conclusion argues that Greek conceptions of communication between citizens and monarchs underwent a major shift following the Peloponnesian War. The conclusion also discusses the applicability of this research to modern debates about relationships between liberal democracies and authoritarian regimes. Contemporary questions as to whether democratic countries are in a position to help reform authoritarian ones, worries about contacts between high-ranking officials and representatives of dictatorships, and debates over the degree to which foreign policies should be guided by commitment to democratic ideals all reflect similar concerns to those which motivated Xenophon, Isokrates, Thucydides, Plato and Herodotus.
Qaboos bin Sa‘id (1970–2020)
Authors: Kéchichian Joseph A.
Published: January 2024

Devoted to the late ruler’s words and deeds, this chapter concentrates on the making of a leader. It provides a detailed analysis of various speeches delivered by the Sultan over the course of five decades, three of which are reproduced in the appendices. The “State of the Sultanate” is first deciphered from a statistical perspective, as the chapter offers a content analysis of his numerous pronouncements to better define the “National Interest,” concentrating on economic policies, the creation of wealth as well as the country’s defence priorities. In the second section of Chapter 3, an effort is made to evaluate the Omani identity, how it matured, and how its leaders concentrated on various institutions as they prioritized education, health, and other vital necessities. It closes with an appreciation of the Omani character.
Affirmation of the Vision: Qaboos and Oman
Authors: Kéchichian Joseph A.
Published: January 2024

This chapter measures the transition between Qaboos and Haitham. It delves into four key areas, democratization and political stability, nation-building and political legitimacy since 1970, Qaboos and nation-building in Oman, and Qaboos and the Omani Identity. By closing with an overall appraisal of Oman and the Sultan, the study purports to determine what kind of a monarchy the Sultanate became between 1970 and 2020, how it was reinvented by Qaboos, and into what it evolved as a key GCC member-state. The chapter closes with an examination of the succession dilemma for the Al Sa‘id, a subject that preoccupied many for decades, as most were surprised by the smooth transition to Sultan Haitham bin Tariq.
Conjuration
Authors: Stojanovic Sonja
Published: January 2024

The publication of Jacques Derrida’s Spectres de Marx [Specters of Marx] (1993) sparks a “spectral turn.” This chapter offers a brief overview of various conceptions of spectrality. It questions the assumption that one knows what a ghost is and reflects on the fact that whenever one attempts to write about ghosts, one is compelled to define them. Following Derrida, it proposes that an attention to what ghosts do, that is, to their function in texts, allows for a fruitful engagement with questions of reading and interpretation. The chapter also highlights the connection between spectrality studies and memory studies, particularly given their relationship to the untimely.
Introduction
Authors: Stojanovic Sonja
Published: January 2024

The untimely death of Georges Perec, as a would-be contemporary writer, haunts this introduction. Discussing, first, “the contemporary” as a critical concept and engaging with recent discussions on the relationship between the contemporary, the untimely, and memory, the chapter proceeds to read ghosts not as literal characters, but as reoccurring figures found in various texts. Through an engagement Perec, a notable precursor to contemporary authors’ writing on disappearance and mourning, it examines reading practices attuned to the spectral. Showing how a simple typo can open up a different experience of time, it proposes to consider how different disrupting figures can help establish a communication beyond the grave.
With Cixous after Derrida
Authors: Stojanovic Sonja
Published: January 2024

This chapter traces the elaboration by Jacques Derrida in Spectres de Marx [Specters of Marx] (1993) of a theory or philosophy of ghosts (what he terms a “hauntology”). It proposes that Derrida’s call for a scholar who would be able to harness the potential of spectral figures is answered by Hélène Cixous through her conception of telephony, that is, literature’s ability to communicate. The chapter also discusses, in the context of mourning, the question of suffering, what Cixous terms in Ayaï (2013): the suffering of a suffering of another person, or double souffrance (“double suffering”). Tracing how literature echoes and transmits memories through names, it sketches another possibility of communication.
Missing Inventory or Inventory of the Missing
Authors: Stojanovic Sonja
Published: January 2024

This chapter focuses on the recurrences of lists and inventories as a means of communication across time and space in novels by Patrick Modiano, Lydie Salvayre and Kaouther Adimi. Throughout Modiano’s oeuvre, narrators are obsessively compiling lists as a way to keep their search for an elusive past going, yet the existence of police files also serves as a reminder of the more sinister side of inventories. In Lydie Salvayre’s La Compagnie des spectres [The Company of Ghosts] (1997), the inventory can be understood as a way to visually mark the presence of an absent loved one. In Nos Richesses [Our Riches] (2017), Adimi’s treatment of the inventory considers what is lost when one does not pay attention to traces of the past and shows the necessity of readerly investment in making sense of lists.
Introduction: Introducing Poetry and Strikes
Authors: James Michael
Published: January 2024

The introduction opens with a critique of Terry Eagleton, regarding the nature of political poetry. The chapter then considers the current state of trade union representation in the UK to argue for the importance of questioning our labour narratives in a labour market which is becoming increasingly casualised and precarious. It also argues that the way trade unions have come to be seen by many and the decline in unionisation that this has led to is partially as a result of the ‘officials’ narratives that surround strike action. The book demonstrates that the poets examined (and their poetry) can provide an alternative form by which to consider the constructed nature of labour and strike narratives.
Conclusion
Authors: James Michael
Published: January 2024

In the book, the legacies of industrial action show that ‘the decision to weaken the trade unions and thus the economic and political power of working-class people – as workers and as consumers – was just that: a decision, not an inevitability’. This state-sponsored drive to weaken unions in the UK was carried out, in part, through a concerted effort to control the narratives and stories that are told regarding strike action and labour politics. Yet, ‘not for the first time, poets have declined to say what politicians would like to hear’. What the poems in this book do is create alternative labour narratives. The decline in trade union representation in the UK has led to a crystallisation of the narratives that surround trade unions and strike legacies. These poems remind us of how narratives and legacies are formed, and make it possible to see how they may be rewritten.
“You Talkin’ to Me?”
Authors: Booker M. Keith
Published: January 2024

This chapter discusses the extensive way in which Joker draws upon the films of the 1970s and 1980s as stylistic models and as sources of ideas and images. Joker draws in especially obvious ways on the early films of Martin Scorsese. This chapter details the points of contact between Joker and early Scorsese films, especially Taxi Driver and The King of Comedy.
Joker , Performance, and the Society of the Spectacle
Authors: Booker M. Keith
Published: January 2024

Chapter 8 grows out of an awareness that the rise of neoliberalism can be seen as the culmination of the evolution of the “society of the spectacle,” as famously outlined by Guy Debord in 1967. One of the crucial themes of Joker has to do with the way performance and performativity are central to the texture of neoliberalism, under which all of us present ourselves to the world as if marketing a product. Arthur Fleck is a man who lacks a stable identity, and one of the ways in which he attempts to cope with this lack is through the performance of a series of assumed, perhaps fantasized, identities. He also imagines himself playing roles such as lover to his neighbor Sophie or son to Thomas Wayne. And, finally, he assumes the identity of “Joker,” who might or might not be a psychopathic killer. This chapter argues that the focus on performance and spectacle in Joker does a great deal to tell us what kind of film we are watching, identifying the film as a postmodern esthetic artifact.
Conclusion
Authors: Booker M. Keith
Published: January 2024

This chapter summarizes the main findings of this study
“An act so meritorious and humanitarian”
Authors: Collins Jane-Marie
Published: January 2024

The two chapters that comprise Part I establish the historical basis for both the approach to enslaved motherhood as reproductive slavery and the interpretative framework of emancipatory narratives adopted throughout this book. Chapter 1 comprises a consideration of three freedom suits lodged in the name of daughters of enslaved and freed mothers between the ending of the transatlantic slave trade in 1850 and the passing of the Free Womb Law in 1871, and from across Bahia: from the diamond-mining region of the Chapada Diamantina to the provincial capital of Salvador. As case studies they demonstrate why freedom suits frequently involved women and children, and how local and national politics interfaced with these women’s claims for freedom. Provincially they were caught up in two major regional traditions of liberal revolt and coronelismo—the rule of land barons. Nationally they were linked to ‘illegal’ slave trading, pre- and post-1850, international and domestic. Legislatively they speak to changing jurisprudence on slaveowner rights in an era of faltering yet increasing anti-slavery sentiment in Brazil.
“Having raised her as my daughter”
Authors: Collins Jane-Marie
Published: January 2024

Chapter 8 examines gendered and racialised logics of female slave-ownership and reproductive slavery by scrutinising the position of crias in black female slave-owning households. Through an analysis of their inheritance and kinship practices, Chapter 8 considers the conditions that led to differential treatment of crias and their mothers by freedwomen and daughters of freedwomen who were slaveowners. These conditions include levels of wealth and marital status, maternal terror and the middle passage, childlessness and child loss. A cross-cultural view of historical concepts of single-womanhood and analysis of relations of enslavement through a female-axis of power produces a nuanced understanding of female socio-economic behaviours across conditions of race and status. In doing so, this final chapter engages with recent developments in the scholarship on Afro-Bahian history concerning the role of the black economic and cultural elite in the formation of religious communities of candomblé and posits a paradigm of black motherhood that bridges the slave-free divide; one that encompasses the material reality of poverty the majority of women endured in slavery and freedom, as well as the cultural praxis of African motherhood which informed female patterns of sociability and mobility amongst African women and their daughters in Brazil
Epilogue: “The freed have always been exceptions”
Authors: Collins Jane-Marie
Published: January 2024

This closing section offers a summary of the main points of argument in this study and the implications of its findings for the respective fields of scholarship. It commences with an assessment of manumission and miscegenation as mechanisms of mobility and inequality in the history of emancipation and race relations in Brazil, and how taking the lens of reproductive slavery to these histories holds the potential to alter our view of them. The Epilogue summarises how the book has argued for an historiographical revision of anti-slavery thought and emancipation by treating the condition of motherhood in enslavement as an historical emancipatory imperative and locating enslaved motherhood within a broader history of anti-slavery activism. It also confirms how in this feminist framing of emancipation and enslaved motherhood reproductive dispossession emerges as the rationale for female preponderance in both manumission and freedom suits as forms of emancipatory activism. Finally, the Epilogue reiterates how conceptualising and historicising black women’s legal claims, contestations, and conflicts through the lens of reproductive slavery involves thinking beyond the conventional paradigm of slave resistance and instead approaching these women’s strategies for freedom and modes of mobility as collective formulations of emancipatory narratives.
Maritime Men of the Asia-Pacific
Authors: Kirkby Diane , Monk Lee-Ann , Ostapenko Dmytro
Published: January 2024

This book tells a story of how dockworker and seafarer unions across the Asia-Pacific came together in collective actions for their labour rights. Maritime workers’ industrial struggle took place in the context of imperialist ties to Britain, global Cold War alignments, and the dominance of capital in the world’s most internationalised industry. Grounded largely in the experience of Australia where unions and labour standards were established early amid nationalist ideas of regional and racial identity, this study brings a new perspective to a largely Eurocentric history. It explores the tensions that existed between national imperatives for job security and labour’s pursuit of internationalism. From the early twentieth century when the founders of the International Transportworkers Federation lived in Australia, ITF efforts to reach Australian and affiliates in the ‘non-European’ world were persistent.The book centres analysis on organisational struggles for regulation. It starts with British imperial legislation, then traces the efforts of the ITF and the Joint Maritime Commission of the International Labour Organisation to create a Seafarers Charter, which culminated in the passage of the Maritime Labour Convention (2006). Throughout, the book shows unionists driven by the specific character of an industry where shipowners recruited globally and avoided nation-based protections, and stevedoring companies embraced disempowering transformative technology. In linkages between the progressive unionism of Australian-born Harry Bridges on the San Francisco waterfront, and union leaders active in Australian and Asian ports, we can see militant strategies fuelled by opposition to all forms of coerced and exploited labour, complex struggles over racialisation and gross inequalities of power.
Introduction
Authors: Swanson Lucy
Published: January 2024

After situating the zombie’s representation within US and Global North narratives denigrating Haiti’s capacity for self-governance, the introduction argues that Haitian and French Antillean writers have long used the zombie as an anti-colonial discursive tool. Next, the introduction offers an overview of the ways anthropological, literary and other narratives have presented the zombie over the centuries and in a transnational context as a way of establishing two concepts: 1. the global zombie imaginary—a body of narratives representing the legendary figure that crosses genre, media, and national boundaries—to which this book adds an understanding of the contribution of French Caribbean writers; and 2. the avatars of the zombie, those forms most often associated with the living dead figure in literature, anthropology and film.
The Zombie Slave
Authors: Swanson Lucy
Published: January 2024

This chapter reexamines the most iconic avatar of the zombie in the Caribbean imaginary: the zombie as symbol of the enslaved. Its defining characteristics in the popular imaginary—passivity, forced labor, threat to those wandering alone at night—typically evoke the legacy of the institutionalized slave trade within the present. This chapter studies zombies that writers represent in the colonial past as victims of the French Atlantic slave trade—specifically, how writers in the late twentieth century (Chamoiseau, Fignolé, Schwarz-Bart) portray these doubly enslaved living dead characters in the historical contexts of the Haitian Revolution, the Guadeloupean resistance against the 1802 reinstatement of slavery, and the aborted abolition of 1794 in Martinique. The works studied in this chapter reimagine the zombie, deploying unique iterations of the zombie-slave avatar to interrogate narratives of enslavement and resistance in the French Antilles. Ultimately, these writers use the zombie to interrogate the “unthinkability” (Trouillot) of enslaved resistance.
On Action and Discovery and What to Do with Them in Translation and Performance
Authors: Boyle Catherine , Boyle Catherine
Published: January 2024

This study examines the processes of testing, resistance and discovery that inform the move from the translation to the performance. By concentrating on plays in translation from the Spanish Golden Age to the twenty-first century and across geographic areas, the author probes the role of the translator at work with different companies, with particular demands and methods of production. Of particular interest is the translation of Jacinto Benavente’s Los intereses creados for Odyssey Theatre, a Canadian commedia dell’arte company and modern Chilean theatre for Head for Heights Theatre Company). Part of the study is about the production of excess in the process, thinking about what we bring with us and what is left behind -what becomes of what we discover in the brilliant alchemy that words produce?
Testing the Audience’s Judgement: Please, Continue (Hamlet) by Roger Bernat and Yan Duyvendak
Authors: Rodríguez-Solás David , Rodríguez-Solás David
Published: January 2024

Please, Continue (Hamlet), created and directed by Roger Bernat and Yan Duyvendak, has been presented globally both in theatres and courtrooms over a hundred times in the last eight years. The latest developments of the play have introduced cultural specificity that situate this case within each national judiciary system. For instance, in April 2019, the play highlighted race inequality in Chicago’s legal system. In May 2019, the performance in Madrid happened as Catalan politicians were tried for organizing and celebrating an independence referendum, which resulted in a crisis of confidence in the Spanish judiciary system. Bernat and Duyvendak challenge us to consider what happens when you ask an audience of theatregoers to pass judgement on one another. This chapter analyses audience’s agency and their access to the inside of the performance that people attending this example of immersive performance may have (White 2012; Machon 2013).
Housing
Authors: Kelly Paul V.
Published: January 2024

This chapter deals with the housing market to determine if patterns within the data can provide insights into how that market functioned in Roman Egypt. In particular it seeks to identify to what extent houses were considered as an investment rather than primarily used for owner occupation. The first part of the chapter deals with purchases and sales of houses. The market for residential renting is then addressed. The impact of the partible inheritance system in place in Roman Egypt explains a peculiarity of the market, which is the degree to which houses were divided into fractions for renting. The key question is whether people bought housing to lease it out as a ‘buy to let’? This is important because it has a fundamental impact on the nature of the marketplace. The chapter concludes the evidence points clearly to only a limited involvement of commercial investment-driven activity in the housing markets. The market involved large numbers of landlords who had accidentally acquired fractions of houses through inheritance, and those who informally rented out rooms within the family home, who were not likely to have been driven by pure profit maximisation but rather by social considerations.
Women and the Financial Markets
Authors: Kelly Paul V.
Published: January 2024

The chapter starts with the ongoing debate on female financial empowerment within agrarian economies. It considers the legal aspects which may have constrained or aided women to act within the financial markets, including the dowry and inheritance laws and practices of Roman Egypt. The explicitly discriminatory nature of the land ownership laws are outlined. It then examines the degree to which women were, or were not, able to access and act independently within the financial markets. The chapter concludes that although there was no legal barrier to women acting as tenants of agricultural land, they very rarely did so, being barred by social conventions from managing the human and economic resources required. Similarly, women are under-represented in transactions involving urban vacant lots, which would have been used for commercial purposes or for building upon. However, women took on many other roles within financial transactions as lenders, borrowers and landlords. Turning to the credit markets, parallels with the modern developing world are explored. It is concluded that women had access to the resources necessary and could use these resources to achieve a limited degree of well-being, but lacked the agency to exploit these resources fully.
Warning
Authors: Kelly Paul V.
Published: January 2024

In this chapter the rates of return produced by the different investment options available are calculated and compared with each other and with modern equivalents. In order to make comparisons which can simulate risk, as well as return, a stochastic model similar to that used to model the risks facing farming families is necessary. Among the key conclusions, firstly we can observe a hierarchy of risk and return. Investment in land in the Oxyrhynchite nome in the Nile valley produced a relatively low but stable average return. The higher returns in the geographically atypical Arsinoite region could reflect possibly a different risk profile, given the reliance on artificial irrigation. Investment in mortgage-backed secured loans, with the associated low risks, provided similar estimated average returns to that of land. Secured lending and investment in land for leasing thus show similar risk characteristics in that their returns have low volatility and similar levels. However, loans in kind provided totally unpredictable returns in cash terms being so dependent on the Nile flood, the resulting harvests and the consequent price levels of cereals.
Civil War, Commonwealth and Protectorate 1641–1660
Authors: Olney Richard
Published: January 2024

Although there were many losses directly due to the conflicts of the Civil War it is hard in the absence of detailed research to quantify them. There is no doubt, however, about the loss of records due to the administrative upheavals of that decade. Records of the Court of Star Chamber and the Council of the North were conspicuous casualties. Ecclesiastical archives were disturbed, and so were the records of many lay estates. The parliamentarians, however, believed in the importance of good records, and under the Commonwealth and Protectorate record-keeping in Whitehall acquired a new lease of life. The Restoration in 1660, on the other hand, was not a smooth process, and some for instance of the ecclesiastical records stored in London never found their way back to their old homes.
War
Authors: Reed Eleanor
Published: January 2024

This chapter explores magazines issued during the Second World War. Its focus is how Woman’s Weekly contributed to Britain’s war effort by supporting its readers in three key aspects of national service: work outside the home, work inside the home, and conduct in romantic relationships with men. In formulating lower-middle-class identities for its wartime readership, the magazine continues to distinguish them from working-class women and engages with broader fears about the conflict’s impact on femininity. The following topics are discussed: women’s war work, including military service, cooking, dressmaking, and knitting; the war’s impact on romantic relationships, the role of agony aunt Mrs Marryat, sexuality and sexual health, and women’s anticipated return to the home at the end of the conflict. Comparative texts include works by Elizabeth Bowen and Nevil Shute.
Irelands and Englands of the Mind
Authors: Corcoran Neil
Published: January 2024

This chapter examines the relationship between the (Northern) Irish poet Seamus Heaney and Shakespeare, with whom Irish writers have, for political reasons, often had a difficult relationship, and then his relationship with important modern English poets, notably Philip Larkin. The relationship with Shakespeare is charted largely through the varied impact on Heaney (in his criticism as well as his poetry) of both Hamlet and Macbeth and also through what he reads as a self-definitive passage in Timon of Athens. Particularly close attention is paid, in these contexts, to both the volume North and to the poem ‘Keeping Going’ in The Spirit Level. Heaney’s relationship with Larkin was deeply appreciative but also extremely edgy, and this chapter characterises it and draws conclusions.
Energy and the Emergence of the Petro-Zombie
Authors: Oloff Kerstin
Published: January 2024

This chapter examines the emergence and development of the petro-zombie. Exploring how the zombie can condense and figure transitions in energy regimes and the structural violence of petro-capitalism, the chapter considers George A. Romero's seminal film Night of the Living Dead (1968) alongside several texts from Haiti and the United States.
Introduction
Authors: Wiggins Steve A.
Published: January 2024

The introduction lays out how The Wicker Man works as holiday horror. It suggests the importance of May Day. It points out that religion is integral to the film.
Scary Sex
Authors: Wiggins Steve A.
Published: January 2024

Instead of using sex for mere titillation, The Wicker Man has integrated it into May Day. Part of this is based on history, but the film has made it essential to understanding Beltane on Summerisle. Sexuality is tied to holiday horror.