bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
MagIC-Cryo-EM: Structural determination on magnetic beads for scarce macromolecules in heterogeneous samples
Authors: Arimura Yasuhiro , Konishi Hide A , Funabiki Hironori
Published: November 2024

Cryo-EM single-particle analyses typically require target macromolecule concentration at 0.05∼5.0 mg/ml, which is often difficult to achieve. Here, we devise Magnetic Isolation and Concentration (MagIC)-cryo-EM, a technique enabling direct structural analysis of targets captured on magnetic beads, thereby reducing the targets’ concentration requirement to < 0.0005 mg/ml. Adapting MagIC-cryo-EM to a Chromatin Immunoprecipitation protocol, we characterized structural variations of the linker histone H1.8-associated nucleosomes that were isolated from interphase and metaphase chromosomes in Xenopus egg extract. Combining
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ubbish particles (DuSTER), a particle curation method that removes low signal-to-noise ratio particles, we also resolved the 3D cryo-EM structures of H1.8-bound nucleoplasmin NPM2 isolated from interphase chromosomes and revealed distinct open and closed structural variants. Our study demonstrates the utility of MagIC-cryo-EM for structural analysis of scarce macromolecules in heterogeneous samples and provides structural insights into the cell cycle-regulation of H1.8 association to nucleosomes.
A transcription network underlies the dual genomic coordination of mitochondrial biogenesis
Authors: Zhang Fan , Lee Annie , Freitas Anna , Herb Jake , Wang Zongheng , Gupta Snigdha , Chen Zhe , Xu Hong
Published: November 2024

Mitochondrial biogenesis requires the expression of genes encoded by both the nuclear and mitochondrial genomes. However, aside from a handful transcriptional factors regulating specific subsets of mitochondrial genes, the overall architecture of the transcriptional control of mitochondrial biogenesis remains to be elucidated. The mechanisms coordinating these two genomes are largely unknown. We performed a targeted RNAi screen in developing eyes with reduced mitochondrial DNA content, anticipating a synergistic disruption of tissue development due to impaired mitochondrial biogenesis and mtDNA deficiency. Among 638 transcription factors annotated in Drosophila genome, 77 were identified as potential regulators of mitochondrial biogenesis. Utilizing published ChIP-seq data of positive hits, we constructed a regulatory network revealing the logic of the transcription regulation of mitochondrial biogenesis. Multiple transcription factors in core layers had extensive connections, collectively governing the expression of nearly all mitochondrial genes, whereas factors sitting on the top layer may respond to cellular cues to modulate mitochondrial biogenesis through the underlying network. CG1603, a core component of the network, was found to be indispensable for the expression of most nuclear mitochondrial genes, including those required for mtDNA maintenance and gene expression, thus coordinating nuclear genome and mtDNA activities in mitochondrial biogenies. Additional genetics analyses validated YL-1, a transcription factor upstream of CG1603 in the network, as a regulator controlling CG1603 expression and mitochondrial biogenesis.
The effect of ecological characteristics on the domestication of sand rice (Agriophyllum squarrosum)
Authors: Chen Cuiyun , Zuo Xiaoan , Zhao Xin
Published: November 2024

Sand rice (Agriophyllum squarrosum) is a pioneer species of annual plant found on mobile dunes in arid and semi-arid areas of China. Its establishment within the community could play a crucial role in the restoration of vegetation in desert environments because the ecological characteristics of sand rice make it well-suited to cope with desertification. Sand rice germinates rapidly when there is sufficient precipitation, and sand burial is beneficial for its germination. After germination, the root system rapidly extends downwards. It has short life cycles, completing the life span in 90 days at drought years. Additionally, sand rice has aerial and soil seed banks, which are suitable for arid ecosystems. Its seeds have high nutrient value of high protein quality and low carbohydrates. These ecological characteristics make sand rice a potentially environmentally friendly crop for addressing future climate change and maintaining food security, especially in desert areas. However it is unknown how ecological advantages affect the de novo domestication of sand rice. In this article, we summarize its ecological characteristics and determine optimal growth conditions for domestication and more applications in future.
Trends and challenges in organoid modeling and expansion with pluripotent stem cells and somatic tissue
Authors: Ge Jian-Yun , Wang Yun , Li Qi-Lin , Liu Fan-Kai , Lei Quan-Kai , Zheng Yun-Wen
Published: November 2024

The increasing demand for disease modeling, preclinical drug testing, and long waiting lists for alternative organ substitutes has posed significant challenges to current limitations in organoid technology. Consequently, organoid technology has emerged as a cutting-edge tool capable of accurately recapitulating the complexity of actual organs in physiology and functionality. To bridge the gaps between basic research and pharmaceutical as well as clinical applications, efforts have been made to develop organoids from tissue-derived stem cells or pluripotent stem cells. These developments include optimizing starting cells, refining culture systems, and introducing genetic modifications. With the rapid development of organoid technology, organoid composition has evolved from single-cell to multi-cell types, enhancing their level of biomimicry. Tissue structure has become more refined, and core challenges like vascularization are being addressed actively. These improvements are expected to pave the way for the construction of organoid atlases, automated large-scale cultivation, and universally compatible organoid biobanks. However, major obstacles remain to be overcome before urgently proof-of-concept organoids can be readily converted to practical applications. These obstacles include achieving structural and functional summarily to native tissue, remodeling the microenvironment, and scaling up production. This review aims to summarize the status of organoid development and applications, highlight recent progress, acknowledge existing limitations and challenges, and provide insights into future advancements. It is expected that this will contribute to the establishment of a reliable, scalable, and practical platform for organoid production and translation, further promoting their use in the pharmaceutical industry and regenerative medicine.
Care management in individuals with type II Diabetes: linking the International Classification of Functioning with patient-reported outcomes measures
Authors: Santos Edy Kattarine Dias dos , Villela Debora Wanderley , Oliveira Karla Cybele Vieira de , Brito Wanessa Azevedo de , Ferreira Ana Paula de Lima , Dantas Diego de Sousa , Araújo Maria das Graças Rodrigues de
Published: November 2024

Type II diabetes mellitus displays a high prevalece among metabolic disorders, triggering clinical repercussions and elevated demand for self-management. The use of patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) helps healthcare professionals in evaluating treatment strategies. The International Classification of Functioning (ICF) operationalizes the biopsychosocial model for a broader understanding of health condition among people with diabetes. This study aimed link the ICF content and PROMs previously validated for people with type II Diabetes, to identify common significant contents and to describe the scope between the ICF components. The study was conducted in two steps: (i) identification of specific and validated PROMs for type II Diabetes, and (ii) linkage between the instruments and the ICF, through the linkage methodology proposed by Cieza et al. Additionally, a proposed list of categories was used to classify personal factors. From the 12 PROMS included, 184 items were identified and linked to 84 different categories, where 78 belonged to the ICF and 6 to the list of personal factors. Of these, 40% represented body function, 38% activity and participation, 8% environmental factors, 7% body structure, and 7% personal factors. The categories were cited 365 times, and the activity and participation component was the most representative component, accounting for 38% of the citations. The most cited categories are related to food control, health care and managing activities in the physical and mental contexts.
Innovative Financial Models for Sustainable Investment in Zanzibar’s Blue Economy: Challenges and Opportunities
Authors: Hafidh Hafidh Ali , Ayoub Zulekha , Soud Nahifa Said , Sharif Mustafa
Published: November 2024

This paper explores the financial models applicable to the blue economy sectors in Zanzibar, focusing on innovative ways to finance marine-based economic activities. The study aims to assess various financing models such as traditional bank financing, microfinance, impact investing, crowdfunding, and government grants, examining their applicability, strengths, weaknesses, and feasibility within Zanzibar's unique context. This study used a mixed-methods approach, integrating quantitative surveys and qualitative case studies to analyze financial models for Zanzibar's blue economy. A purposive sample of 163 knowledgeable stakeholders—including representatives from financial institutions, government agencies, NGOs, entrepreneurs, and community leaders—was selected to capture diverse perspectives. Through a survey of 163 stakeholders, the research identifies microfinance as the most accessible and feasible model for small-scale and community-driven marine activities. The paper further discusses the challenges of financing the blue economy, including high upfront costs, limited access to traditional financing, and the need for comprehensive policy support. By analyzing case studies from other small island developing states, the study draws lessons on best practices for sustainable blue economy financing. The findings suggest that a combination of financial mechanisms is crucial for addressing the diverse needs of Zanzibar's blue economy, promoting growth, and ensuring the conservation of marine resources. The paper concludes by advocating for an integrated financial ecosystem that leverages both traditional and innovative financing models, policy reforms, and strategic partnerships to foster sustainable development in Zanzibar's blue economy.
Efficiency Analysis of Public and Private Sector Banks in India Using Slack-based Measure of Efficiency
Authors: Vittal B.
Published: November 2024

In this article, a consistent decision making model criterion is identified based on coefficient of determination in Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA). The Slack-Based Measure (SBM) of efficiency and non-radial model identified better decision-making units from the variables selected for the analysis. Both public and private sector banks play a crucial role in the Indian financial system, which is indicative of the country's progress. The nation's economy is guided by the potential of the financial system. In contemporary society, the institutional banking sector makes a notable and significant contribution to economic progress. Banking industry can increase financial performance and efficiency by using the DEA models that have been developed and identified. The DEA has been used in this study to assess the effectiveness of banks in the public and private sectors during the fiscal year from 2015-16 to 2018-19. The basic CCR (Charnes, Cooper, and Rhode) model is commonly used to evaluate the effectiveness of DMUs (Decision Making Units) based on recognised characteristics. A scalar measure of efficiency known as the SBM addresses the input surplus and output shortage of certain DMUs. According to the analysis's findings, the best performing PSBs (public sector banks) are CBI, UBI, Punjab & Sind, and IDBI, whereas the best performing Pvt.SBs (private sector banks) are Axis, Yes, ICICI, and South Indian banks in terms of efficiency scores.
Evaluating the Efficacy of Vermiwash Foliar Spray on Yield and Nutrient Uptake in Okra
Authors: Palve Shubham S. , Gaikwad Suyash C. , Balpande Aishwarya V. , Pondkule Reshma G. , Kalbhor Shashianand U.
Published: November 2024

A field experiment was conducted during the Kharif season of 2023-24 at the Division of Soil Science, Dr. Sharadchandra Pawar College of Agriculture, Baramati to assess the efficacy of vermiwash foliar spray on yield and nutrient uptake in okra. The experiment was arranged in a Randomized Block Design (RBD) with three replications included eight treatments (T1-T8) with combinations of GRDF and vermiwash sprays applied at 30, 38 and 46 DAS and evaluated yield along with the uptake of macronutrients (N, P, K) and micronutrients (Fe, Mn, Zn, Cu). The application of vermiwash foliar sprays significantly enhanced the nutrient uptake of N, P and K in okra. The highest yield (26.66-ton ha⁻¹) and nutrient uptake, including N (76.83 kg ha⁻¹), P (21.60 kg ha⁻¹), K (49.06 kg ha⁻¹), Fe (819.1 g ha⁻¹), Mn (479.12 g ha⁻¹), Zn (153.63 g ha⁻¹) and Cu (203.45 g ha⁻¹) were observed in T8 (100% GRDF + 30% vermiwash) followed by T7, T6 and T5. Treatments with lower vermiwash concentrations showed reduced nutrient uptake, and statistical analysis revealed significant differences among the treatments. It was concluded that combining higher concentrations of vermiwash with GRDF significantly improves okra yield and nutrient uptake.
Influence of Varying Drying Air Temperatures on Physico-chemical and Nutritional Characteristics of Bael (Aegle marmelos) Pulp
Authors: Kumar Chaman , Shrivastava Mukesh
Published: November 2024

Drying is a critical process for preserving fruits, but the nutrients in fruits are highly sensitive to temperature. Finding an optimal drying temperature is crucial to maximizing the retention of nutritional and physico-chemical properties. This study investigated the effects of different drying air temperatures on properties of Bael fruit (Aegle marmelos) pulp. Fresh pulp (1000 g) was dried at 55°C, 65°C, and 75°C, and the resulting pulp was analyzed for physical, chemical, and nutritional changes compared to the fresh pulp. Statistical analysis was conducted through one-way ANOVA was done by Duncan's Multiple Range Test (DMRT) method. The results showed that drying at 65°C retained the most nutrition while preserving color and other physical properties. Color analysis indicated darkening and increased redness at higher temperatures. Chemical properties such as pH and ash content increased with drying, while titratable acidity was highest at 65°C. Nutritionally, protein content peaked at 65°C, while fat content increased steadily with drying air temperature. Fiber and ascorbic acid levels decreased as drying air temperatures rose. The Bael powder obtained by drying at 65oC could be very well used for making cookies and other value-added products.
Identification of SSR Markers Linked to Mung Bean Yellow Mosaic Virus Resistance in Blackgram (Vigna mungo (L.) Hepper) Using Bulked Segregant Analysis in F2:3 Population
Authors: Shoba D. , Arunarani A. , Pillai M. Arumugam , Joshi J.L. , Hepziba S. Juliet
Published: November 2024

Aims: In blackgram (Vigna mungo (L.) Hepper), mung bean mung bean yellow mosaic virus (MYMV) disease causes severe yield reduction. MAS (Marker Assisted Selection) can be used to improve the selection efficiency for MYMV resistance. Hence the present study was carried out to use bulked segregant analysis (BSA) and simple sequence repeat (SSR) marker validation tests to find the simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers associated to MYMV resistance in the blackgram segregating population, (F2:3) of ADT 3 x IC343856.
Study Design: F2:3 generated 60 single plants of ADT 3 x IC343856 were raised with regular rows of MYMV susceptible check variety CO 5 to draw white flies and thus to improve MYMV infection under field screening. To identify the SSR markers associated to MYMV resistance, bulk segregant analysis and marker validation tests were conducted.
Place and Duration of Study: The experiment was carried out at Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, VOC Agricultural College and Research Institute, Killikulam, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, India from 2020 to 2022.
Methodology: The F2:3 mapping population of the cross, ADT 3 x IC 343856 was used for BSA using 50 simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers for mung bean mung bean yellow mosaic virus (MYMV) resistance studies in blackgram.
Results: Four markers viz., CEDG008, CEDG271, VM6 and CEDG264 exhibited polymorphism between the parents. The F2:3 segregants were raised along with their parents and check variety CO 5 was raised as infector rows to ensure the disease incidence in the population. An equal number of two extreme genotypes (10 resistant and 10 susceptible respectively) were pooled to form the bulks. Among the four polymorphic markers studied, CEDG 008 was able to differentiate resistant and susceptible bulks and their corresponding individuals (120 bp and 110 bp respectively). From the previous reports, it has been confirmed that CEDG 008 is a potential marker for MYMV resistance studies in different genetic backgrounds.
Leveraging Synthetic Data as a Tool to Combat Bias in Artificial Intelligence (AI) Model Training
Authors: Fabuyi Jumai Adedoja
Published: November 2024

This study investigates the efficacy of synthetic data in mitigating bias in artificial intelligence (AI) model training, focusing on demographic inclusivity and fairness. Using Generative Adversarial Networks (GANs), synthetic datasets were generated from the UCI Adult Dataset, COMPAS Recidivism Dataset, and MIMIC-III Clinical Database. Logistic regression models were trained on both synthetic and original datasets to evaluate fairness metrics and predictive accuracy. Fairness was assessed through demographic parity and equality of opportunity, which measure balanced prediction rates and equitable outcomes across demographic groups. Fidelity and data diversity were evaluated using statistical tests such as Kolmogorov-Smirnov (KS) and Kullback-Leibler (KL) divergence, along with the Inception Score, which quantifies diversity in synthetic data. The results revealed significant fairness improvements for models trained on synthetic datasets. For the COMPAS dataset, demographic parity increased from 0.72 to 0.89, and equality of opportunity rose from 0.65 to 0.83, without compromising predictive accuracy (0.82 AUC-ROC compared to 0.83 for original data). Based on the findings, this research recommends employing GANs for generating synthetic data in bias-sensitive domains to enhance demographic inclusivity and ensure equitable outcomes in AI models. Furthermore, integrating human-in-the-loop (HITL) systems is critical to monitor and address residual biases during data generation. Standardized validation frameworks, including fairness metrics and fidelity tests, should be adopted to ensure transparency and consistency across applications. These practices can enable organizations to leverage synthetic data effectively while maintaining ethical standards in AI development and deployment.
Migration as a Catalyst of Change: The Impact of Indian Labour Migration to the GCC
Authors: S Shibinu , VP Shabeer
Published: November 2024

The idea of emigration as a method of subsistence has long gained traction in India. Emigration and remittances have been praised as financial sources for the transformation of communities and households. Due to its historical links to international migration and its position as one of India's top labor exporting states, Kerala is an especially intriguing state that has been one of the most significant source regions for Indian temporary workers, primarily to the GCC (Gulf Cooperative Council) countries. Kerala is home to almost 2.1 million migrants, and 36% of the state's net state product comes from their contributions. This study looks at empirical data from the socioeconomic discourses surrounding Gulf migration with respect to the emigrants, their households, and the place from where they migrated in order to comprehend how migrant houses differ from non-migrant households. The study covers empirical research on the reasons behind migration, mobility trends, and the issue of using migration as a strategy to lower state unemployment. The paper goes on to discuss the significance of emigration in the socioeconomic transformations of the state.
The Loss Of Community In Days Without An End
Authors: Jian Luo , Yongqi Shen
Published: November 2024

Days Without an End written by distinguished contemporary Irish novelist Sebastian Barry explores the common
theme of rootlessness and wanderlust, which implicitly reflect “rites of passage” process as developed by the
anthropologist Victor Turner, which involves separation, liminality, and communitas. By combining Sebastian
Barry’s liminal writing with Turner’s theories of symbolic community and liminality, it becomes apparent that the
protagonists are trapped in the rigid and static “permanent liminality” after experiencing series of changes in
geographic space, psychological space, also the stagnation of memory space. The individuals, who are in a state
of liminality, are unable to develop amid structural invisibility, absolute submission, and complete equality. The
infinite potentiality and creativity that liminality offers lost and they never achieve community. The impotence to enter into the highly fluid and binding existential communitas signifies the loss of community as a reality
A Guarda Compartilhada De Animais De Estimação Na Dissolução Do Casamento: Análise Das Sentenças Proferidas A Partir Do Recurso Especial Nº 1.713.167 – Sp Nos Anos De 2022 E 2023
Authors: Lima Juciana Caetano De
Published: November 2024

Shared custody of pets in the dissolution of marriage and stable unions in Brazil is a topic that arouses many
controversies and discussions among legal professionals, animal rights defenders and society in general. Based
on the above, the general objective of the study is to analyze the role of special appeal nº 1,713,167 – SP as a
precedent for the recognition of shared custody of pets in the dissolution of marriage in Brazil based on legal
sentences in the years 2022 and 2023. To achieve this objective, the deduction approach method was used as a
methodology, with regard to the procedural method, the monographic method was chosen, this is a qualitative
type of research and bibliographic (narrative review), of a basic nature, referring to the objectives. The research
consists of exploratory and descriptive. Despite advances in jurisprudence, such as the recognition of animals as
sentient beings and the consideration of affectivity in decisions, Brazilian legislation still treats them as "moving
goods", limiting their rights. REsp nº 1,713,167/SP exemplifies this change, but the lack of regulation prevents uniform application. The consolidation of shared custody and animal rights depends on the creation of specific legislation that recognizes animals as subjects of rights.
Nonsurgical Clinical Approach To Managing A Periapical Lesion In An 11-Year-Old: A Case Report
Authors: Vangani Simran , Sharma Reema
Published: November 2024

Periapical lesions in pediatric patients often require careful management to preserve tooth vitality and promote
healing. This case report discusses a nonsurgical clinical approach to managing a periapical lesion in an 11-
year-old patient using a calcium hydroxide-based paste known for its bioactivity and biocompatibility. The patient
presented with a necrotic tooth and associated periapical radiolucency. Following diagnosis, a conservative
treatment plan was implemented, involving debridement of the canal system and the application of Metapex as an intracanal medicament. Clinical and radiographic evaluations were conducted over a six-month period to assess healing and periapical regeneration.
Carotenoderma In An 11-Month-Old Child: A Case Report
Authors: Moloo Sakina , Kara Kamlesh
Published: November 2024

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Diagnostic Value Of Contrast Enhanced Ultrasound (CEUS) Compared To Standard Imaging Techniques For Evaluation Of Hepatic Lesions: A Systematic Review
Authors: Mavoori Shreya , Dickson Merin , K U Sumit , Abhilash Anjana , Kunjumon Amisha
Published: November 2024

Background: Liver metastasis is a critical concern in the realm of cancer, underscoring the importance of
vigilant surveillance, accurate diagnosis, and timely detection. Contrast-Enhanced Ultrasound (CEUS) has the
potential to be used as a diagnostic tool in detecting and diagnosing hepatocellular malignancies, lesions, and
metastases in humans. This systematic review evaluates and summarises study results to compare the diagnostic
value of CEUS to conventional imaging modalities of CT or MRI, providing valuable insights for the field.
Methods: A comprehensive literature search was performed using PubMed/Medline, Wiley Online library, and
Research gate to identify articles reporting the diagnostic performance of CT and MRI for detecting hepatic
lesions.
Results: A total of 11 studies were included in this review. Majority of studies ( 9 out of 11) concludes that
CEUS has potential to become a useful diagnostic modality in diagnosis, as it shows comparable or better
results to the standard techniques. Sensitivity and specificity averages were 85% and 82% for CEUS, 82.4%
and 85% for CT, and 88.6% and 78% for MRI, respectively. While most studies favored CEUS, nuances exist,
such as CEUS's limitations in deep liver regions and variations in sensitivity compared to MDCT.
Conclusion: CEUS shows high diagnostic performance for tumor differentiation, with a high predictive value for malignant lesion. The results from the 11 studies comparing CEUS with standard imaging techniques provides valuable insights into the diagnostic potential of the CEUS in diverse clinical contexts
Analysis of Infection Prevention Control Management of Central Sterile Supply Department (CSSD) Staff
Authors: Bal Brijesh , Balaraju Anitha , SR Kalpana
Published: November 2024

Background: The Central Sterilization Supply Department’s (CSSD) main function is to clean, disinfect and
provide sterile items for subsequent use by healthcare professionals in various hospital departments, including
the ambulance.
Materials and Methods: A survey of infection prevention control (IPC) knowledge, practice, and infrastructure
adherence was conducted in a selected government super-speciality hospital's central sterilisation supply
department (CSSD). The data were analysed, and a report with recommendations was presented to the
institution's head.
Results: The overall response showed good knowledge and practices with hospital environmental adherence to
infection prevention control protocol with few infrastructure modifications facilitating the unidirectional flow pattern. Conclusion: This study was able to bring insights into the staff knowledge and practice towards IPC adherence
Epilepsy and genetic in Rett syndrome: A review
Authors: Operto Francesca Felicia , Mazza Roberta , Pastorino Grazia Maria Giovanna , Verrotti Alberto , Coppola Giangennaro
Published: March 2019

Introduction

Rett syndrome (RTT) is a severe X‐linked neurodevelopmental disorder that primarily affects girls, with an incidence of 1:10,000–20,000. The diagnosis is based on clinical features: an initial period of apparently normal development (ages 6–12 months) followed by a rapid decline with regression of acquired motor skills, loss of spoken language and purposeful hand use, onset of hand stereotypes, abnormal gait, and growth failure. The course of the disease, in its classical form, is characterized by four stages. Three different atypical variants of the disease have been defined. Epilepsy has been reported in 60%–80% of patients with RTT; it differs among the various phenotypes and genotypes and its severity is an important contributor to the clinical severity of the disease.

Methods

In this manuscript we reviewed literature on RTT, focusing on the different genetic entities, the correlation genotype–phenotype, and the peculiar epileptic phenotype associated to each of them.

Results

Mutations in MECP2 gene, located on Xq28, account for 95% of typical RTT cases and 73.2% of atypical RTT. CDKL5 and FOXG1 are other genes identified as causative genes in atypical forms of RTT. In the last few years, a lot of new genes have been identified as causative genes for RTT phenotype.

Conclusions

Recognizing clinical and EEG patterns in different RTT variants may be useful in diagnosis and management of these patients.
A case of adenomyoepithelioma with myoepithelial carcinoma of the breast
Authors: Ito Ryota , Ota Daisuke , Ando Sumiyo , Mori Masaya , Fukuuchi Atsushi
Published: March 2019

Key Clinical Message

Adenomyoepithelioma with myoepithelial carcinoma of the breast is rare and diagnosed with histology and immunohistochemistry. We present a case of malignant transformation over 10 years, with ultrasonographic findings, highlighting the importance of an early excisional biopsy. Conservative surgery and radiation therapy were performed. There was no recurrence for 2 years.
Increased reliance of stream macroinvertebrates on terrestrial food sources linked to forest management intensity
Authors: Erdozain Maitane , Kidd Karen , Kreutzweiser David , Sibley Paul
Published: March 2019

Our understanding of how forest management practices affect the relative importance of autochthonous vs. allochthonous resource use by headwater stream food webs is relatively poor. To address this, we used stable isotope (C, N, and H) analyses of food sources and macroinvertebrates from 15 streams in New Brunswick (Canada) and assessed how different catchment conditions arising from the gradient in forest management intensity affect the contribution of autochthonous resources to these food webs. Aquatic primary production contributed substantially to the biomass of invertebrates in these headwater streams, especially for scrapers and collector‐gatherers (25–75%). However, the contribution of algae to food webs decreased as forest management intensity (road density and associated sediments, water cations/carbon, and dissolved organic matter humification) increased, and as canopy openness decreased. This trend was probably due to an increase in the delivery of organic and inorganic terrestrial materials (dissolved and in suspension) in areas of greater harvesting intensity and road density, which resulted in more heterotrophic biofilms. Overall, results suggest that, despite the presence of riparian buffers, forest management can affect stream food web structure via changes in energy flows, and that increased protection should be directed at minimizing ground disturbance in areas with direct hydrological connection to streams and at reducing dissolved and particulate matter inputs from roads and stream crossings in catchments with high degrees of management activity.
Abdominal skeletal muscle mass as a predictor of mortality in Japanese patients undergoing left ventricular assist device implantation
Authors: Tsuji Masaki , Amiya Eisuke , Hatano Masaru , Nitta Daisuke , Maki Hisataka , Bujo Chie , Saito Akihito , Hosoya Yumiko , Minatsuki Shun , Hara Toru , Nemoto Mariko , Kagami Yukie , Endo Miyoko , Kimura Mitsutoshi , Kinoshita Osamu , Nawata Kan , Morita Hiroyuki , Ono Minoru , Komuro Issei
Published: March 2019

Aims

We assessed preoperative muscle wasting in patients undergoing left ventricular assist device (LVAD) implantations using abdominal skeletal muscle images on computed tomography (CT) and explored the associations between the preoperative muscle wasting and clinical outcomes after LVAD implantation.

Methods and results

We retrospectively examined the records of 111 patients who underwent continuous‐flow LVAD implantations as bridge‐to‐transplant therapy from January 2010 to December 2016 at our institution. After 33 patients were excluded, the study cohort consisted of 78 individuals. CT images used to calculate the skeletal muscle index (SMI) at the third lumbar vertebra level were obtained before the LVAD implantation procedures. Patients were classified as having muscle wasting if their SMI fell into the lowest gender‐based tertile. The median SMI for the study patients was 37.6 cm2/m2. The SMI cut‐off values for the lowest tertiles were 36.7 cm2/m2 for men and 28.2 cm2/m2 for women, resulting in 26 patients (33.3%) with muscle wasting in this study. During the mean follow‐up of 738 ± 379 days, there were 10 deaths (12.8% mortality). Seven of the 26 patients with muscle wasting (26.9%) died, and 3 of the 52 patients without muscle wasting (5.8%) died. The times to all‐cause mortality were significantly different between patients with and without muscle wasting (P = 0.0094). Muscle wasting was found to be associated with mortality in univariate and multivariate Cox analyses (hazard ratio: 4.32; 95% CI: 1.19–20.2).

Conclusions

Preoperative muscle wasting was associated with a higher mortality in patients with LVAD. Assessment of the abdominal skeletal muscle area on CT prior to LVAD implantation can help predict mortality.
Age at Release, Size, and Maturation Status Influence Residualism in Hatchery Steelhead
Authors: Tatara Christopher P. , Larsen Donald A. , Cooper Matt R. , Swanson Penny , Middleton Mollie A. , Dickey Jon T. , Harstad Deborah , Humling Michael , Pasley Chris R. , Berejikian Barry
Published: March 2019

Steelhead Oncorhynchus mykiss that fail to emigrate seaward after release from hatcheries, commonly referred to as “residuals,” can have negative impacts on natural populations ranging from competition and predation to interbreeding with returning anadromous adults. We investigated how age at release, size, and maturation status influenced the rate of residual production in hatchery summer-run steelhead released from the Winthrop National Fish Hatchery (Methow River, Washington) between 2010 and 2015. Migration data from 21,598 individuals implanted with PIT tags identified 1,783 residual steelhead expressing two distinct phenotypes: immature male and female parr; and precociously mature males. We found that age at release significantly affected the predominant residual phenotype. Age-1 steelhead residuals (S1 rearing strategy) were dominated by smaller parr of both sexes (fish < 146 mm FL), while age-2 residuals (S2 rearing strategy) were dominated by mature males, although both phenotypes were present in both S1 and S2 residual groups. Collections of residual steelhead in the Methow River indicated that parr phenotype residuals grew as well as natural-origin juvenile O. mykiss, suggesting potential competition for food resources and habitat. Detections of PIT tags within the Methow River basin indicated that precocious male residuals may overlap both spatially and temporally with previously documented spawning anadromous adults, posing a potential genetic management risk. Both residual phenotypes had poor overwinter survival, and only 1 of the 1,783 residual fish eventually returned to the Methow River as an anadromous adult. We conclude that the ecological and genetic consequences of residual steelhead far outweigh their potential contribution to anadromous production, and measures should be taken to reduce their production by changing hatchery rearing practices.
Industry Watch
Authors: DALE ROBERT
Published: March 2019

“Powerset Hype to Boiling Point”, said a February headline on TechCrunch. In the last installment of this column, I asked whether 2007 would be the year of question-answering. My query was occasioned by a number of new attempts at natural language question-answering that were being promoted in the marketplace as the next advance upon search, and particularly by the buzz around the stealth-mode natural language search company Powerset. That buzz continued with a major news item in the first quarter of this year: in February, Xerox PARC and PowerSet struck a much-anticipated deal whereby PowerSet won exclusive rights to use PARC's natural language technology, as announced in a VentureBeat posting. Following the scoop, other news sources drew the battle lines with titles like “Can natural language search bring down Google?”, “Xerox vs. Google?”, and “Powerset and Xerox PARC team up to beat Google”. An April posting on Barron's Online noted that an analyst at Global Equities Research had cited Powerset in his downgrading of Google from Buy to Neutral. And, all this on the basis of a product which, at the time of writing, very few people have actually seen. Indications are that the search engine is expected to go live by the end of the year, so we have a few more months to wait to see whether this really is a Google-killer. Meanwhile, another question remaining unanswered is what happened to the Powerset engineer who seemed less sure about the technology's capabilities: see the segment at the end of D7TV's PartyCrasher video from the Powerset launch party. For a more confident appraisal of natural language search, check out the podcast of Barney Pell, CEO of Powerset, giving a lecture at the University of California–Berkeley.
Influence of Left Atrial Appendage Amputation on Natriuretic Peptides—A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Grieshaber Philippe , Arneth Borros , Steinsberger Ferdinand , Niemann Bernd , Oswald Irina , Renz Harald , Böning Andreas
Published: March 2019

Background Closure or amputation of the left atrial appendage (LAA) is a common therapy for atrial fibrillation (AF). As the LAA is a hormone-producing organ, however, amputation is still somewhat controversial. We examined patients after surgical AF therapy with or without LAA amputation to determine the influence of LAA amputation on pro-atrial natriuretic peptide (proANP) and B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP) plasma levels and on clinical severity of heart failure.

Methods Twenty-one consecutive patients were prospectively randomized to either undergo LAA amputation (n = 10) or no LAA amputation (n = 11) between 05/2015 and 10/2015. All patients underwent coronary and/or valve surgery and concomitant AF surgery with either cryoablation (n = 3) or radio frequency ablation (n = 17). ProANP and BNP levels were measured preoperatively and until 800 days postoperatively.

Results Baseline proANP values were comparable between the groups (without LAA amputation: 4.2 ± 2.1 nmol/L, with LAA amputation: 5.6 ± 3.6 nmol/L). Postoperatively, proANP levels rose markedly in both groups. Even after LAA amputation, proANP levels remained elevated for 7 days postoperatively but fell to baseline levels at day 31 and remained on baseline level at 800 days postoperatively. ProANP levels in the LAA amputation group (5.8–9.7 nmol/L) were not significantly lower than in the group without LAA amputation (9.2–14.1 nmol/L; p = 0.357). BNP levels also rose after surgery in both groups until day 7. At 800 days after surgery, BNP levels were back at baseline levels in both groups. Clinical follow-up at 2 years postoperatively showed no difference in heart failure symptoms or need for heart failure medication between the groups.

Conclusion In contrast to commonly held beliefs about the endocrine and reservoir functions of the LAA, there seems to be no clinically relevant detrimental effect of LAA amputation on natriuretic peptide levels and severity of heart failure until up to 2 years postoperatively.
Dealing with dieback: forest manager attitudes towards developing resistant ash trees in the United Kingdom
Authors: Marzano Mariella , Woodcock Paul , Quine Christopher P
Published: March 2019

European ash (Fraxinus excelsior L.) is a highly valued native species in the UK and elsewhere. The rapid spread and predicted impact of ash dieback (caused by Hymenoscyphus fraxineus), has led researchers to explore a range of responses from introducing non-native ash to use of Genetic Modification (GM) technologies to develop disease resistance. To support decisions over which approaches should receive further investment to encourage adoption, it is necessary to understand what is acceptable to forest practitioners. Interviews with 22 forest advisors and managers revealed ash is highly valued for the multiple benefits it provides but past experiences with pest and diseases have encouraged a more cautious (‘wait and see’) attitude to approaches for dealing with ash dieback. These practitioners showed a strong interest in the concept of resistant ash but emphasized that any ‘new’ varieties should have similar characteristics, retain genetic diversity and be able to withstand future pests. There was limited support for planting non-native ash and use of GM methods and greater support for traditional breeding, though views varied dependent upon objectives and could evolve with experience countering the disease. There were concerns about the time required to produce resistant varieties and more information was needed about the costs, benefits and impacts of the different approaches. These findings point to the need for continued communication and engagement with stakeholders in the refinement of responses to dieback and any development of resistant ash.
Psychosocial information use for clinical decisions in diabetes care
Authors: Senteio Charles , Adler-Milstein Julia , Richardson Caroline , Veinot Tiffany
Published: March 2019

Objective

There are increasing efforts to capture psychosocial information in outpatient care in order to enhance health equity. To advance clinical decision support systems (CDSS), this study investigated which psychosocial information clinicians value, who values it, and when and how clinicians use this information for clinical decision-making in outpatient type 2 diabetes care.

Materials and Methods

This mixed methods study involved physician interviews (n = 17) and a survey of physicians, nurse practitioners (NPs), and diabetes educators (n = 198). We used the grounded theory approach to analyze interview data and descriptive statistics and tests of difference by clinician type for survey data.

Results

Participants viewed financial strain, mental health status, and life stressors as most important. NPs and diabetes educators perceived psychosocial information to be more important, and used it significantly more often for 1 decision, than did physicians. While some clinicians always used psychosocial information, others did so when patients were not doing well. Physicians used psychosocial information to judge patient capabilities, understanding, and needs; this informed assessment of the risks and the feasibility of options and patient needs. These assessments influenced 4 key clinical decisions.

Discussion

Triggers for psychosocially informed CDSS should include psychosocial screening results, new or newly diagnosed patients, and changes in patient status. CDSS should support cost-sensitive medication prescribing, and psychosocially based assessment of hypoglycemia risk. Electronic health records should capture rationales for care that do not conform to guidelines for panel management. NPs and diabetes educators are key stakeholders in psychosocially informed CDSS.

Conclusion

Findings highlight opportunities for psychosocially informed CDSS—a vital next step for improving health equity.
Complications associated with combined surgical hip dislocation and periacetabular osteotomy for complex hip deformities
Authors: Edelstein Adam I , Duncan Stephen T , Akers Sean , Pashos Gail , Schoenecker Perry L , Clohisy John C
Published: March 2019

Surgical hip dislocation (SD) and periacetabular osteotomy (PAO) are well-described treatments for femoroacetabular impingement (FAI) and acetabular dysplasia, respectively. Occasionally, complex deformities require a combined SD/PAO; the morbidity of performing both procedures in a single stage has not been fully investigated. We performed a retrospective review of a consecutive group of patients undergoing combined SD/PAO to investigate the incidence and character of perioperative complications. Forty-five patients (46 hips) were identified. Perioperative complications were graded by the modified Clindo-Davien complication scheme. Mean follow-up was 36 months (range 12–128), and no patients were lost to follow-up. Six complications occurred in six hips (13%). Four (8.7%) complications were minor (Grades I or II): one Brooker Grade III heterotopic ossification requiring no treatment, one superior pubic ramus nonunion requiring no treatment and two superficial wound infections requiring antibiotics. Two (4.3%) complications were major (Grades III or IV): one coxa saltans interna and labral tear requiring hip arthroscopy with labral repair and iliopsoas lengthening, and one deep surgical site infection requiring irrigation and debridement followed by development of arthritis requiring conversion to arthroplasty. The average Harris hip score improved from 62 ± 13 preoperatively to 80 ± 19 at final follow-up. Except for the single joint replacement, there were no long-term disabilities. There were no major neurovascular injuries, osteonecrosis, fractures or trochanteric nonunions. Combined SD/PAO for the treatment of complex, concomitant deformities of the proximal femur and acetabulum is associated with an acceptable risk of complications. The vast majority of complications that occurred were managed without permanent disability.

Level of Evidence: IV
Relation ofHLA-DRB1to IgG4 autoantibody and cytokine production in muscle-specific tyrosine kinase myasthenia gravis (MuSK-MG)
Authors: Çebi M , Durmuş H , Yılmaz V , Yentür SP , Aysal F , Oflazer P , Parman Y , Deymeer F , Saruhan-Direskeneli G
Published: March 2019

A small subset of myasthenia gravis (MG) patients develop autoantibodies against muscle-specific kinase (MuSK), which are predominantly of the immunoglobulin (Ig)G4 isotype. MuSK-MG is strongly associated with HLA-DRB1*14, HLA-DRB1*16 and HLA-DQB1*05. In this study, the possible effects of these HLA associations on MuSK IgG autoantibody or cytokine production were investigated. Samples from 80 MG patients with MuSK antibodies were studied. The disease-associated HLA types were screened in the DNA samples. The IgG1, IgG2, IgG3 and IgG4 titres of the MuSK antibodies and the levels of interleukin (IL)-4, IL-6, IL-17A and IL-10 were measured in the sera. Comparisons were made among the groups with or without HLA-DRB1*14, HLA-DRB1*16 or HLA-DQB1*05. The IgG4 titres of the MuSK antibodies were higher than those of the IgG1, IgG2 and IgG3 isotypes among the whole group of patients. DRB1*14 (+) DRB1*16 (–) patients had higher levels of IgG4 antibodies than those of DRB1*14 (–) DRB1*16 (+) patients. DRB1*14 (+) DRB1*16 (+) patients also had higher levels of IgG4 antibodies than those of DRB1*14 (–) DRB1*16 (+) and DRB1*14 (–) DRB1*16 (–) patients. Higher IL-10 and lower IL-17A levels were measured in DRB1*14 (+) DRB1*16 (–) patients than in DRB1*14 (–) DRB1*16 (–) patients. The higher IgG4 titres of MuSK autoantibodies in patients carrying HLA-DRB1*14 than those in the other patients suggest a role for HLA in the production of the antibodies. The differences in IL-10 and IL-17A support the role of DRB1 in the etiopathogenesis of this autoimmune response.
Tinea manuum: A report of 18 cases observed in the metropolitan area of Milan and review of the literature
Authors: Veraldi Stefano , Schianchi Rossana , Benzecry Valentina , Gorani Alberto
Published: March 2019

Objective

Tinea manuum is considered in Italy as an uncommon infection, although no recent epidemiological data are available.

Methods

In the period 2000‐2018, we observed in the metropolitan area of Milan 18 patients with mycologically tinea manuum.

Results

The infection was monolateral in all patients and characterised by erythema and scaling; in two patients, each vesicles and pustules were present. Two patients had also onychomycosis of one fingernail. No cases of simultaneous tinea pedis were observed. As far as the job of these patients is concerned, seven of them were masseurs, three barbers, two cattlemen, two masons, one car mechanic, one florist, one maid and one veterinarian. Trichophyton rubrum was isolated in 6 patients, Microsporum canis in 4, Trichophyton gypseum in 3, Trichophyton verrucosum in 3 and Trichophyton violaceum in 2 patients.

Conclusion

Masseurs were the most affected. Trichophyton rubrum and Microsporum canis were the most frequent isolated dermatophytes.