bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
КОНКУРУЮЧІ НАРАТИВИ: ПАМ’ЯТЬ ПРО ДРУГУ СВІТОВУ В УКРАЇНІ: МІЖ ПОЛІТИКОЮ І РЕФЛЕКСІЄЮ
Authors: Lysenko Oleksandr
Published: September 2020

У статті розглянуто низку сюжетів, пов’язаних із пам’яттю про Другу світову війну в УРСР та в суверенній Україні. Історична пам’ять у всіх своїх вимірах – колективному, корпоративному, індивідуальному – відіграє помітну роль у процесах націє- і державотворення. Офіційна модель пам’яті часто спирається на історичний міф. 

Простежуючи тривалий шлях еволюції комеморативних практик у радянську добу, можна зафіксувати заміну міфу «Великої жовтневої соціалістичної революції», що домінував у колективній/офіційній пам’яті до середини 1960‑х рр., але вичерпав свій мобілізаційний ресурс, на міф «Великої Вітчизняної війни». Саме останній став одним з ідеологічних стрижнів, дієвим засобом легітимізації комуністичного режиму та консолідаційного чинника в радянському суспільстві.

Експлуатуючи глорифікаційно-віктимні компоненти цього міфу, промоутери мнемонічної політики досягли незаперечних успіхів. Свідченням цього є велика інерція міфу «Великої Вітчизняної війни» на пострадянському просторі, особливо в Російській Федерації, де він залишається головною «скрепою» влади і суспільства. Після розпаду Радянського Союзу розпочався тривалий і суперечливий процес подолання «радянської спадщини». Формування історичної колективної пам’яті української політичної нації, способи і форми «пригадування» історичних подій у незалежній Україні все більше дистанціюються від імперської моделі і наближаються до західних зразків, хоча й не позбавлені певних рудиментів. Про те, що на цьому шляху зустрічається чимало перепон, свідчать способи конкуренції різних моделей пам’яті.

Аналіз підходів керівництва України, політикуму та окремих громадянських інституцій до формування сучасної історичної політики і мнемонічних процедур, успіхів і невдач на цьому шляху дає підстави констататувати, що головними деструктивними чинниками при цьому виступають: поперше, інтереси певних політичних груп; по-друге, специфіка суспільної свідомості значної частини українського соціуму; по-третє, помітні регіональні відмінності у світосприйнятті; по-четверте, брак наукового моделювання політичних рішень у меморіальній сфері. Особливо складним виявився процес декомунізації, що безпосередньо стосується пам’яттєвого простору. Частина громадян неоднозначно сприйняла деякі кроки УІНП в цьому напрямі.

У матеріалі висвітлюються засоби і механізми втручання зовнішніх сил, передусім Російської Федерації, у пам’яттєве поле України через інструменталізацію історичного знання й відповідних мобілізаційно-електоральних технологій. У широкому контексті гібридної війни проти України вони покликані дестабілізувати політичну ситуацію в нашій державі, налаштувати різні політичні та регіональні групи одну проти одної, поставити під сумнів історичну перспективу української політичної нації.

Ключові слова: Україна, Друга світова війна, історична пам’ять, міфи, історична політика, комеморативні практики, мнемонічні процедури, маніпулятивні технології.
Mechanisms of public governance of the initialization of intellectual potential of the region
Authors: Sakharova Kateryna
Published: September 2020

The article analyzes the complex of mechanisms of public management of the initialization of the intellectual potential of the region, which, in the author’s opinion, is the driver of the sustainable development of the region and provides orientation for incorporating the global goals of the millennium sustainable development, approved by the UN and defined in the draft Sustainable Development Strategy of Ukraine until 2030.

The algorithm of the process of initialization of the intellectual potential of the region, which combines the stages of its formation, development and reproduction, is substantiated.

The mechanisms of public management of the initialization of the intellectual potential of the region, which together constitute an integrated mechanism, the fundamental difference of the structure of which is the logical combination of the system characteristics of the structural elements (the potential of public authorities, personnel of the intellectual sphere of social work, intellectual potential, intellectual potential, innovative processes, technologies, types of innovative products) and institutional ties in the triad of «power – business – civil society», «education – science – innovation», «education – science – production» with the influence of external and internal factors and conditions (institutional, financial, administrative, organizational, social), balanced specific methods, tools and appropriate management decisions.
Professional activities of judges as a public service
Authors: Hurtova Yuliia
Published: September 2020

The article analyzes the possibilities of interpreting the professional activity of judges as a kind of public service in public administration practice in Ukraine.

Approaches to the interpretation of the public service and its types are analyzed. Arguments about the peculiarities of official relations in the judiciary are presented. The author substantiates the position that the judicial service is not sufficiently institutionalized. Obviously, there is a mix of different shades of service, there is a combination of official and state relations. It is emphasized that the professional activity of judges is carried out in the authorities, is paid at the expense of public funds, the content of the activity consists of the performance of tasks and functions of the state. This category of persons requires a basic law on public service in Ukraine. According to the author, the service in the judicial authorities (in this case we are talking about judges), which has its specific goals, tasks, functions, is of a public nature, should have its legal basis and be called a service in a public judicial position.
„HOMMAGE A PACO” BY FRANK ANGELIS IN THE CONTEXT OF CONTEMPORARY TRENDS OF ACCORDIONAL ART
Authors: Bashmakova Natalia , Bakalinska Liliya
Published: September 2020

The purpose of this research is to identify the specificity of pop and jazz stylistics as one of the characteristic trends of modern accordion art, using the analysis of the composition „Hommage a Paco” by Frank Angelis.  The methods of the proposed scientific article are based on the use of research approaches (genre, style, textual, analytical), which allow to identify the specific embodiment of trends in the current stage of the development of accordion art in the modern repertoire. Scientific novelty.  Despite its widespread use in practice, Frank Angelis’s composing work has not been subject to scientific understanding; in particular, his work has not been analyzed in detail in contemporary Ukraine.  Conclusions.  As a result of the analysis of Frank Angelis’s „Hommage a Pacco”, it was founded that the specificity of the formation is coordinated by the principle of double-frequency (the first part has an expositional character, the second – jazz-improvisational); the individuality and expressiveness of the aesthetics of the theme are determined by the dances of the famous Spanish virtuoso guitarist Paco de Lucia (Allegres, Bulires and Tangos), which underlie the work. The specificity of the harmonic plan is mainly based on alternate septaccords and noncords, and the thematicism is modified by texturing. The dedication to the creator of the „new flamenco” style is reflected in a diverse palette of playing tools, most of which mimic the specificity of guitar techniques (so the specific accordion tremolo gives the music material an expressive, precise, more sonorous sound – the color of the flamenco, and creates an invoice-like texture). Also in the melodic line are reflected specific guitar techniques, including „long picado”, „rasgeado”, „alsapua”. A peculiar feature of the composer’s style is the use of jazz elements such as: „quasi-improvisation”, „mini-solo”. Combining music from different directions, F. Angelis created the unique composition, giving it the characteristic features of Spanish flamenco and jazz music.
A MUSICAL WORK AS A CULTURAL AND HISTORICAL PHENOMENON
Authors: Hromchenko Valerii
Published: September 2020

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Comparative Study of Slow Infusion versus Bolus Doses of Albumin and Furosemide Infusion to Mobilize Refractory Ascites in Decompensated Chronic Liver Disease
Authors: Pathak Rahul , Yadav Ajay Kumar , Thapaliya Sabin , Kafle Brindeshwari , Jha Anurag , Khadga Prem
Published: September 2020

Background: Combined use of furosemide with albumin is an approved therapy to overcome diuretic resistance in treatment of ascites in decompensated chronic liver disease. Bolus dosing of diuretics has its own limitations due to pre-existing hypotension, post diuretic sodium retention and braking phenomenon. Slow albumin and furosemide Infusion has been shown to mobilize large ascites with improved diuresis and hemodynamic stability in decompensated chronic liver disease. This study was undertaken to compare efficacy and safety of infusion therapy vs bolus therapy in term the management of refractory ascites.Methods: Decompensated chronic liver disease patients with refractory ascites were randomly assigned into two groups of 15 each - Bolus therapy (intravenous albumin and furosemide as boluses) and Infusion therapy (furosemide infusion at 2mg/hour and albumin at 2g/hour for three days). Diuresis, natriuresis, change in abdominal girth and body weight, and hemodynamic stability (change in SBP) were compared between the two groups.Results: Infusion therapy, as compared to bolus therapy, showed a significantly better diuresis (mean urinary output increment 483ml vs 243ml, p <0.001), natriuresis (mean urinary sodium excretion increment 35.2 mEq/L vs 16.6 mEq/L, p = 0.004),decrease in abdominal circumference (6.1cm vs 3.0cm, p<0.001) and decrease in body weight (5.53 Kg vs 2.86 Kg, p < 0.001). The complications of renal impairment were also lower in the Infusion group. Conclusion: Infusion of furosemide and albumin is a potential safer and effective therapeutic option in the management of refractory ascites with better natriuresis, higher urine output, and higher decrement in abdominal circumference and body weight, and lesser side effects.Keywords: Bolus dose; continuous infusion; decompensated chronic liver disease; refractory ascites.
Clinical Profile of Urogenital Fistula in Kathmandu Model Hospital
Authors: Pradhan Hema Kumari , Dangal Ganesh , Karki Aruna , Shrestha Ranjana , Bhattachan Kabin , Upadhyay Amit Mani , Poudel Rekha , Bajracharya Nishma , Tiwari Kenusha Devi , Bharati Sonu
Published: September 2020

Background: To determine the causes of fistula and to share our experience in treating urogenital fistula and its surgical outcome.Methods: This was a retrospective study done at Kathmandu Model Hospital from January 2014 to June 2019 including 261 patients operated for fistula. The patients were analyzed for age, type of fistula, cause, treatment and surgical outcome.Results: Out of 261 patients operated, 59.38% cases had obstetric fistula, 38.69% had iatrogenic and 1.92% had traumatic fistula. Most of the patients with obstetric fistula were between 21 to 25 years of age whereas iatrogenic fistulae were between 46-50 years of age. The majority (54.84%) of obstetric fistulae were vesicovaginal fistula (54.84%) while the commonest type (77.36%) of iatrogenic fistula was vault fistula after abdominal hysterectomy. Conclusions: This study showed that obstructed and neglected labor was still the major cause of genitourinary fistula in Nepal nevertheless iatrogenic fistula following pelvic surgery is increasing. The surgical outcome of repair of fistula was good.Keywords: Latrogenic fistula, obstructed labour, urogenital fistula.
Tracheoesophageal Fistula Complicated by Iatrogenic Gastric Perforation in a Low Birth Weight Neonate
Authors: Gupta Anju , Pande Dimple , Kachru Nishtha , Khan Ahtesham
Published: September 2020

Type-III tracheoesophageal fistula is the commonest type of fistula where upper pouch is blind and distal oesophageal pouch communicates with trachea. In this condition, gastric distension is a common manifestation which can be worsened by positive pressure ventilation. Pulmonary pathology may necessitate ventilation with high peak airway pressures which may rarely lead to gastric perforation with serious consequences. We are reporting such a case of gastric perforation during ventilatory management for fistula repair which needed surgical repair. Keywords: Airway management; esophageal atresia; gastric perforation; tracheo-oesophageal fistula.
Medical Conference on a Complete Digital Platform in Nepal: A Paperless Experience
Authors: Parajuli Niraj , Karki Anupama , Kayastha Bhaskar Mohan Meher
Published: September 2020

Medical conferences are held by different medical societies around the world on a regular basis. The society of Dermatologists, venereologists and leprologists of Nepal organized their 15th annual national conference in a complete digital platform making it the first paperless medical conference in Nepal. This conference initiated the use of digital platform for information dissemination and discouraged the use of paper. The mobile applications built for the conference provided information on the scientific programs and also created an unique identity of each registered delegate with an unique quick response code. The code was very valuable during registration and served as meal coupons too. This conference was our small effort towards creating an eco-friendly medical conference.Keywords: Conference; dermatology; digital; eco-friendly; medical; mobile apps; paperless.
Teaching and Training Medical Students at the Midst of COVID-19 Pandemic: Unanswered Questions and the Way Forward
Authors: Shrestha Shrijana
Published: September 2020

Medical doctors are the frontline workers in tackling any pandemics but ironically the medical students, especially the undergraduate medical students, who are the doctors in making, are being exempted from the lifetime experience of the current COVID-19 pandemic in most medical schools. In view of preventing the disease spread and maintaining social distancing the educational institutes including medical schools are closed in most countries struggling with the current pandemic. The decision is based on some evidences showing that the lockdown is one of the important tools to decrease transmission rates, delay the doubling time and flatten the curve. Unlike many other subjects and specialty, medicine has to be taught on patients and in the hospital setting. In this context there are several unanswered questions regarding the teaching and training of undergraduate medical students and the most important question being what is the best approach without compromising the safety as well as educational objectives and without overburdening the system? This article discusses some of these issues. Keyword: COVID-19; medical education; pandemic
Readiness for the Online Classes during COVID-19 Pandemic among Students of Chitwan Medical College
Authors: Neupane Harish Chandra , Sharma Kalpana , Joshi Alisha
Published: September 2020

Online learning has been in a rising trend across the world due to increasing technology in education. Corona Virus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic enforced all the academic institutions to start online classes for the students. But the students’ readiness for the adoption of online learning remains unknown. Hence, this study aimed to assess the readiness of online classes among students. Descriptive cross-sectional web based survey was carried out among 704 students who have enrolled in various streams of Bachelor level programs in Chitwan Medical College. The finding of this study revealed that 87.1% of students from various faculties were ready for online classes during COVID pandemic and 88.8% had internet facility in their home setting. Furthermore, this study found that readiness for online classes was significantly higher among female than male students (89.7% vs.83.5%, p=0.016) and students who had internet accessibility in their residence than those who did not have it (83.8% vs.34.2%, p=<0.001) but there was no significant association between readiness for online classes with academic programs (p=0.062) and years (p=0.905). Therefore, online learning can be considered as a viable alternative method in the academic institutions for the students. Keywords: COVID-19 Pandemic; online classes; readiness; students.
Working Towards a Framework for Governing Health Research in Nepal
Authors: Bhurtyal Ashok , Pant Suman , Dangal Ganesh , Gyanwali Pradip
Published: September 2020

Health research activities have advanced considerably in Nepal over the past several years. However, stakeholders’ confidence on scientific community is shaken as the latter failed occasionally in adhering to ethical principles. Nepal Health Research Council has exercised regulatory authority to control and support research works. However, much more is needed given the scale at which studies are being carried out. It is high time to conduct an analysis of the current situation followed by the development of an overarching framework to strengthen health research that facilitates a range of actions along the continuum of identifying information needs to translation of knowledge into policies and practices for ultimately improving people’s health. Keywords: Ethics; health research systems; knowledge management; research regulation
Research into Methods for Determining Colour Differences in the CIELAB Uniform Colour Space
Authors: Zhbanova Vera L.
Published: September 2020

A problem of qualitative determination of the results of colour image capturing by digital devices based on uniform colour systems arises during analysis of colour images. The article describes methods of determining colour difference as recommended by CIE for the CIELAB system, presents mathematical formulation of the system and its modifications, describes the programme developed for calculating colour difference for each described method, and describes testing of this programme using 14 sample colours from the Munsell Book of Colour. Three groups of red, green and blue filters with 7 filters in each were selected as the study object. The filters were selected based on possibility of their further application for determining colour shift by digital devices. Filter colour difference was studied in the groups with different standard sources of light and using three methods of calculation of this difference. Analysis of the obtained results is presented and conclusions are made on possibility to apply each method in different industrial spheres. The article may be useful for colour analysis specialists, quality inspectors and specialists in digital devices and computer vision.
Calculation of Light Distribution of a Conventionally Point Light Source in an Arbitrarily Oriented Coordinate System
Authors: Prytkov Sergei V. , Syromyasov Alexei V.
Published: September 2020

The article reviews calculation of total light distribution of several light sources (LS), which are differently oriented in space with their locations conventionally 1 being the same. It is proposed that luminous intensity curves (photometric body) of LSs are described in IESNA format (or in the format of tables, which is basically the same). Two methods of solving the problem are proposed. The first one is related to preliminary trigonometric interpolation of luminous intensity curves for each LS performed by means of discrete Fourier transformation (DFT). The second one is based on piecewise-linear interpolation of this curves using Delaunay triangulation. Both methods may be implemented by means of popular mathematic software (such as Wolfram Mathematica or Octave) and their applicability is confirmed experimentally.
Dependence of Current Harmonics of Greenhouse Irradiators on Supply Voltage
Authors: Kondratieva Nadezhda P.
Published: September 2020

The article describes the results of the study concerning the effect of the voltage level on current harmonic composition in greenhouses irradiators. It is found that its change affects the level of current harmonics of all types of the studied greenhouse irradiators. With decrease of nominal supply voltage by 10 %, the total harmonic distortion THDi decreases by 9 % for emitters equipped with high pressure sodium lamps (HPSL), by 10 % for emitters with electrode-less lamps and by 3 % for LED based emitters. With increase of nominal supply voltage by 10 %, THDi increases by 23 % for lighting devices equipped with HPSL, by 10 % for irradiators with electrode-less lamps and by 3 % for LED based emitters. Therefore, changes of supply voltage cause the least effect on the level of current harmonics of LED based emitters and then the emitters with electrode-less lamps. Change of the level of supply voltage causes the greatest effect on the level of current harmonics of HPSL based irradiators. Mathematical models of dependence of THDi on the level of supply voltage for greenhouse emitters equipped with LED, electrode-less lamps and HPSL lamps were formulated. These mathematical models may be used for calculations of total current when selecting transformers and supply cable lines for greenhouse lighting devices, for design of new or reconstruction of existing irradiation systems of greenhouse facilities, and for calculation of power losses in power supply networks of greenhouse facilities during feasibility studies for energy saving and energy efficiency increasing projects.
Assessment of Argentinean LED Luminaries for Street Lighting
Authors: Ixtaina Pablo R. , Pucheta Agustín A. , Colonna Carlos Lionel , Bufo Nicolás
Published: September 2020

The work presents a statistical summary of the results obtained in the photometric, thermal, chemical and mechanical tests carried out in the Laboratorio de Acústica y Luminotecnia (LAL) for street lighting luminaires with LED technology in the period 2017/18. The study covers 152 luminaires and includes samples from different manufacturers or origin, same type or model (for example, a same body) with different alternatives of LED plates. The results of luminance and illuminance evaluations carried out in converted facilities (or in the test stage) are also discussed. The results presented are important both for importers and manufacturers of LED luminaires and for designers and installers, since they allow visualizing the points that deserve attention in order to achieve a product of suitable quality.
Weighting the Relevance of the Different Colours in Subjective Assessments of Colour Preference
Authors: Bodrogi Peter , Carella Diana , Khanh Tran Quoc
Published: September 2020

Observers made subjective colour preference judgements about different arrangements of coloured objects in different scenes. While doing so, observers had to assess the importance (so-called weight) of every one of seven colour groups or hue groups (skin tone, red, orange, yellow, green, blue and purple). The scenes were illuminated by high-CRI spectra at four different correlated colour temperatures (CCTs). Red and orange obtained the highest weights (this means that red and orange are the most important colours for subjective colour preference); yellow, green and blue were intermediate while skin tone had only a little weight. CCT had only a small effect while scene content (e.g. “office” vs. “painting”) had a strong influence. Objects of higher chromaticity in the same colour group obtained a higher weight across the different scenes. Latter finding resulted into a predicting formula of the weights.
Lelakak Sasak in Lombok: An Analysis of The Educational Values
Authors: Yaqin Lalu Nurul , Karomi Karomi , Mawardi Mawardi
Published: September 2020

Lelakak Sasak adalah salah satu bentuk puisi tradisional Sasak yang diiringi music dan umumnya sebagai alat komunikasi, hiburan, dan media pendidikan. Sebagai media pendidikan, Lelakak Sasak sering digunakan sebagai media untuk memberi saran dan bimbingan untuk masyarakat, anak-anak, dan yang lain-lain. Oleh karena itu, Lelakak Sasak adalah salah satu hal yang penting untuk dikembangkan. Penelitian ini bersifat deskriptif kualitatif, karena menginisiasi untuk memberikan gambaran terkait nilai pendidikan dalam Lelakak Sasak di Selaparang. Teknik yang digunakan dalam mengumpulkan data adalah wawancara, dokumentasi, dan perekaman. Teknik wawancara adalah teknik yang digunakan untuk mengumpulkan data dengan mengajukan pertanyaan langsung kepada para informan. Dalam penelitian ini, peneliti mewawancarai delapan informan. Teknik dokumentasi adalah pelaksanaan studi literature untuk mendapatkan data yang dapat digunakan sebagai referensi dalam memahami Lelakak, dan teknik perekaman dilakukan oleh peneliti pada masyarakat Selaparang. Hasil kajian ini mendapati nilai-nilai pendidikan dalam Lelakak Sasak adalah: 1) Nilai pendidikan agama, isinya beberapa pelajaran seperti rasa syukur kepada Tuhan, saling mencintai. 2) Nilai pendidikan moral, mengandung moral manusia, dan 3). Nilai pendidikan sosial, berisi beberapa pelajaran seperti sikap kebersamaan umat manusia, sikap persaudaraan dan sabar.
Klasifikasi Emosi Tokoh Anton dan Angel dalam Novel Surat Kecil Untuk Tuhan Karya Agnes Danovar
Authors: Kamariah Kamariah , Lestari Ayu
Published: September 2020

Penelitian ini mengkaji tentang klasifikasi emosi sesuai dengan karakter tokoh Anton dan Angel.Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah (1) mendeskripsikan klasifikasi emosi tokoh Anton, dan (2) mendeskripsikan klasifikasi tokoh Angel dalam novel Surat Kecil Untuk Tuhan karya Agnes Davonar.

Pendekatan yang digunakan adalah pendekatan psiologis sastra.Jenis penelitian yang digunakan yaitu jenis penelitian kepustakaan.Sumber data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah novel yang berjudul Surat Kecil Untuk Tuhan karya Agnes Davonar.Novel ini diterbitkan oleh PT. Falcon Publishing dengan tebal buku 217 halaman.Teknik pengumpulan data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah studi teknik dokumentasi.Teknik Analisis Data menggunakan metode deskriptif analisis.

Simpulan penelitian ini adalah (1) Klasifikasi emosi tokoh Anton yaitu rasa bersalah, kesedihan, kebencian dan cinta. (2) Klasifikasi emosi tokoh Angel yaitu rasa bersalah, kesedihan, kebencian dan cinta. Kedua tokoh dalam novel ini berdasarkan penelitian memiliki klasifikasi emosi yang sama
Pendidikan Karakter dalam Buku Banjar Negeri Harum 1001 Gurindam Karya Haji Iberamsyah Barbary
Authors: Luthfiyanti Litha , Agustina Lili , Kasmilawati Isna
Published: September 2020

Sebuah karya sastra yang baik adalah karya sastra yang dapat mempengaruhi pembaca sehingga menjadi manusia yang lebih baik. Begitu pula dengan buku Banjar Negeri Harum 1001 Gurindam karya Haji Iberamsyah Barbary yang penuh dengan pesan kebaikan. Berdasarkan rumusan masalah, tujuan penelitian ini untuk. Mengetahui dan mendeskripsikan pendidikan karakter yang terdapat dalam buku Banjar Negeri Harum 1001 Gurindam Karya Haji  Iberamsyah Barbary.

Pendekatan yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah pendekatan kualitatif. Metode yang digunakan adalah metode deskriptif. Sumber data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah dokumen. Dokumen yang digunakan adalah buku Banjar Negeri Harum 1001 gurindam karya Haji Iberamsyah Barbary. Data dari penelitian ini adalah isi dari gurindam yang terdiri dari 1001 ayat. Teknik pengumpulan data menggunakan dokumen dengan literatur sebagai dokumen dalam penelitian ini.  Teknik analisis yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah teknik analisis mengalir.

Pada penelitian ini dapat disimpulkan bahwa pendidikan karakter dalam buku Banjar Negeri Harum 1001 Gurindam Karya Haji Iberamsyah Barbary terdapat 18 karakter, yaitu: 1) religius, 2) jujur, 3) toleransi, 4) disiplin, 5) kerja keras, 6) kreatif, 7) mandiri, 8) demokratis, 9) rasa ingin tahu, 10) semangat kebangsaan atau nasionalisme, 11) cinta tanah air, l2) menghargai prestasi, 13) komunikatif, 14) cinta damai, 15) gemar membaca, 16) peduli lingkungan, 17) peduli sosial, 18) tanggung jawab
Residue and Potassium Management Strategies to Improve Crop Productivity, Potassium Mobilization, and Assimilation under Zero-Till Maize–Wheat Cropping System
Authors: Madar Raghavendra , Singh Yudh Vir , Meena Mahesh Chand , Das Tapas Kumar , Paramesh Venkatesh , Al-Mana Fahed A. , A. Mattar Mohamed , O. Elansary Hosam
Published: September 2020

Understanding of the potassium (K) nutrient cycle and its microbial transformation of unavailable forms of soil K to plant-available K is crucial in any agroecosystem for strategic nutrient management through inorganic fertilizer, crop residue (CR), and microbial applications. Therefore, the present investigation was undertaken to study the effect of crop residue and K management practices on crop productivity, K mobilization from native soil K-pool, and crop assimilation of K under a zero-till maize–wheat cropping system. The experiment consisted of four residue levels (0, 2, 4, and 6 Mg ha−1) and five K levels (0, 50%, 100%, 150% RDK [recommended dose of K] and 50% RDK + potassium solubilizing bacteria, KSB). Results showed that CR retention at 6.0 Mg ha−1 significantly improved grain yield (of maize by 10.17%; wheat by 9.87%), dry matter accumulation, K uptake and redistribution in native soil K pools (water soluble K (WSK), exchangeable K (EK) and non-exchangeable K (NEK)) at 30 and 60 days after sowing and at harvest as compared to no CR. Among the K management, 50% RDK+KSB reported significantly higher grain yield (of maize by 26.22%; wheat by 24.70%), dry matter accumulation, K uptake, and native K pools (WSK, EK, and NEK) at different growth stages compared to no K. Total K did not differ significantly due to residue and K management. The highest actual change of K reported with 6.0 Mg ha−1 CR (51 kg ha−1) and 50% RDK+KSB (59 kg ha−1) over control. Significant (p ≤ 0.01) positive correlation was found among grain yield, dry matter accumulation, K uptake, the actual change in K and different native K pools. It can be concluded that retention of 6 Mg ha−1 CR and supply of 50% K through inorganic fertilizer along with seed inoculation of KSB biofertilizers, improved crop growth, productivity by enhancing K assimilation as a consequence of the release of non-exchangeable K and through the application of CR and K treatments under a zero tillage maize–wheat system.
Impact of Climate Change on Land Use, Yield and Production of Cassava in Thailand
Authors: Pipitpukdee Siwabhorn , Attavanich Witsanu , Bejranonda Somskaow
Published: September 2020

This article examined the effect of climate change on land use, yield, and production of cassava in Thailand, employing the panel data analysis between 1989 and 2016. The spatial regression and the instrumental variable method with the generalized method of moment were employed to address the endogeneity problems with the unique climate dataset. The current article investigated that total rainfall and the La Niña event determined harvested area of cassava. In addition, the harvested area was decreased as the population density increased due to high demand for non-agricultural use. On the other hand, increased access to irrigation systems enhanced the harvested area of cassava. Considering the yield of cassava, we found an inverted U-shape relationship between yield and temperature. Moreover, this study revealed that climate variability, extreme events and technological progress statistically influenced cassava yields. By using the climate projections during 2046–2055, we found that harvested area and yield of cassava were projected to reduce 12.49–16.05% and 2.57–6.22% from the baseline. As a result, cassava production in Thailand was predicted to decline 14.74–21.26% from the baseline. The well-being of a half-million farmers in Thailand plus actors in the global supply chain of cassava will be vulnerable to climate change.
The Ovulation Rate, Plasma Leptin Concentration, and Litter Size of a Local Ewe Breed Kept in a Barn Versus Those Kept under an Overhead Shelter
Authors: Kuźnicka Ewa , Kunowska-Slósarz Małgorzata , Gabryszuk Mirosław
Published: September 2020

The effect of housing system on ovulation rate, leptin concentration, body weight, condition score and litter size of Żelażnieńska ewes was investigated. The observations were carried out during three successive years on 36 ewes between 2 and 4 years of age. The animals were divided into groups: the experimental group kept in a cold environment under an overhead shelter, and the control group kept in a warm barn. In both groups were ewes with similar age and reproductive performance nearing that of the flock. The average litter size was 1.53 and 1.59, respectively. This difference was not significant. The observation was carried out on the same ewes each year; thus, ewe age varied from 2 to 6 years. The ovulation rate was tasted by laparoscopy (L) on 16 September and 5 October. Blood was taken from each ewe after feeding one day before laparoscopy. The lower number of corpus lutea (p ≤ 0.01) and leptin concentration (p ≤ 0.01) at first L compared with second L was confirmed. The highest litter size (1.8) was shown by ewes at the age of 4 years (p ≤ 0.01). The Pearson correlation of ewe age and plasma leptin concentration was noted (p ≤ 0.05). The Spearman correlation of the condition score with ewe body weight (p ≤ 0.01) and with ewe age (p ≤ 0.05) was confirmed. Żelaźnieńska sheep may be housed in semiopen sheds with no negative impact on their reproduction. This may encourage breeders to develop this branch of livestock production avoiding the high expenses of construction of massive, warm barns.
Welfare Assessment and Identification of the Associated Risk Factors Compromising the Welfare of Working Donkeys (Equus asinus) in Egyptian Brick Kilns
Authors: Farhat Shaaban F. , McLean Amy K. , Mahmoud Hamdy F. F.
Published: September 2020

Donkeys are a cornerstone in human existence, having played an important role throughout history in different economic activities, such as working in brick kilns in Egypt. This study was conducted from January 2017 to the end of April 2017 in the El-Saf brick kilns, which are located to the south of the Giza Governorate and 57 Km away from Cairo. Physical clinical health and behavior data were collected from 179 donkeys spanning over a random sample of 20 brick kilns selected from the El-Saf brick kilns. Behavioral, physical health, harness, and environmental parameters were assessed and recorded. The study found that 80 ± 3% (n = 179) of kiln donkeys have some type of wound, and the most serious wound is a beating wound (49 ± 3.7%), which is caused by drivers hitting the donkeys. The drivers are mostly children, who have insufficient knowledge, skills, and attitudes to effectively communicate with their donkeys and no motivation to enhance the welfare of these equids. Other wounds are related to the harness, such as the breeching (10 ± 2.2%), saddle (43 ± 3.7%), neck collar (40 ± 3.6%), and shaft of the cart (12 ± 2.4%). A poor body condition was seen in 56 ± 3.7% of kiln donkeys. A correlation in terms of the prevalence of wounds was found between the body condition (p-value < 0.01) and/or cleanliness of the harness. There was a negative association between the body condition and wound prevalence in brick kilns (Pearson coefficient of correlation −0.71). The physical enviromental factors that affect the body condition of working donkeys are the working hours of donkeys/day, the number of donkeys in a kiln, the distance from loading to the oven, and the concentrated food/donkey (p-value < 0.01). These three variables can explain 78.85% of the variability in body conditions based on a 1–5 scale. In addition to health parameters, behavior parameters, such as the donkeys’ general attitude, reaction to observers, and chin contact are associated with the body condition (p-value < 0.01). As a consequence, it is important for the owners of working donkeys to pay attention to their body condition in order to avoid compromising their body condition and welfare.
Congenital Malformations in a Holstein-Fresian Calf with a Unique Mosaic Karyotype: A Case Report
Authors: Uzar Tomasz , Szczerbal Izabela , Serwanska-Leja Katarzyna , Nowacka-Woszuk Joanna , Gogulski Maciej , Bugaj Szymon , Switonski Marek , Komosa Marcin
Published: September 2020

A Holstein-Fresian calf with multiple congenital malformations was subjected postmortem to anatomical and genetic investigation. The calf was small (20 kg), had shortened limbs and was unable to stand up. It lived only 44 days. Detailed anatomical investigation revealed the following features: head asymmetry, the relocation of the frontal sinus and eye orbits, hypoplastic thymus without neck part, ductus Botalli, unfinished obliteration in umbilical arteries, and a bilateral series of tooth germs in the temporal region. Cytogenetic examination, performed on in vitro cultured fibroblasts, showed a unique mosaic karyotype with a marker chromosome—60,XX[9 2%]/60,XX,+mar[8%], which was for the first time described in cattle. No other chromosome abnormalities indicating chromosome instabilities, like chromatid breaks or gaps were identified, thus teratogenic agent exposure during pregnancy was excluded. The marker chromosome (mar) was small and it was not possible to identify its origin, however, sequential DAPI/C (4’,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole) band staining revealed a large block of constitutive heterochromatin, which is characteristic for centromeric regions of bovine autosomes. We suppose that the identified marker chromosome was a result of somatic deletion in an autosome and its presence could be responsible for the observed developmental malformations. In spite of the topographic distance among the affected organs, we expected a relationship between anatomical abnormalities. To the of our best knowledge, this is the first case of a mosaic karyotype with a cell line carrying a small marker chromosome described in a malformed calf.
Genome-Wide Identification of RNA Editing Sites Affecting Intramuscular Fat in Pigs
Authors: Wang Ligang , Li Jingna , Hou Xinhua , Yan Hua , Zhang Longchao , Liu Xin , Gao Hongmei , Zhao Fuping , Wang Lixian
Published: September 2020

Intramuscular fat (IMF) is essential for improving the palatability and flavor of meat, and it is strongly associated with human insulin resistance. RNA editing is a widespread regulating event in different tissues. Here, we investigated the global RNA editing difference of two groups of pig with different IMF contents to find the potential editing sites affecting IMF. In this research, RES-Scanner and REDItools were used to identify RNA editing sites based on the whole genome and transcriptome sequencing data of the high and low groups composed of three full-sib pairs with opposite IMF phenotypes. A total of 295 RNA editing sites were investigated in the longissimus dorsi muscle, and 90.17% of these sites caused A to G conversion. After annotation, most editing sites were located in noncoding regions (including five sites located on the 3′ UTR regions). Five editing sites (including two sites that could lead to nonsynonymous amino acid changes) were located in the exons of genes. A total of 36 intergroup (high and low IMF) differential RNA editing sites were found in 33 genes. Some candidate editing sites, such as sites in acyl-coenzymeA: cholesterol acyltransferase 1 (ACAT1), coatomer protein, subunit alpha (COPA), and nuclear receptor coactivator 3 (NCOA3), were selected as candidate RNA editing sites associated with IMF. One site located on the 3′ UTR region of growth hormone secretagogue receptor (GHSR) may regulate GHSR expression by affecting the interaction of miRNA and mRNA. In conclusion, we identified a total of 36 nonredundant RNA editing sites in the longissimus dorsi muscle, which may reveal the potential importance of RNA editing in IMF. Four were selected as candidate sites associated with IMF. Our findings provide some new insights of RNA editing function in pig longissimus dorsi muscle which useful for pig IMF breeding or human insulin resistances research.
Comparison of Carcass and Meat Quality Obtained from Mule and Donkey
Authors: Polidori Paolo , Vincenzetti Silvia , Pucciarelli Stefania , Polzonetti Valeria
Published: September 2020

The aim of this study was to compare the carcass characteristics and the chemical and physical parameters of the meat produced by 10 male crossbred donkeys and 10 male mules slaughtered at 16 ± 1 years of age. The carcass weight and dressing percentage were significantly (p < 0.05) higher in mules. Samples of the muscle Longissimus thoracis (LT) were analyzed. Donkey meat showed a higher fat content, while the glycogen content was higher in the mule LT. The total collagen content was higher in the mule LT; in this muscle, the shear force values were higher compared to the donkey LT. The lightness parameter (L*) was lower in the mule LT, while the redness index (a*) was higher in the mule LT; this muscle showed a higher content of iron, while zinc was higher in the donkey muscle LT. The donkey LT muscle showed a higher content of essential amino acids (52.2%) compared to the mule LT (50.1%). The results obtained demonstrated that the chemical and physical traits of mule and donkey meat were similar to those of other kinds of equid meat.
First Molecular Detection and Characterization of Hemotropic Mycoplasma Species in Cattle and Goats from Uganda
Authors: Byamukama Benedicto , Tumwebaze Maria Agnes , Tayebwa Dickson Stuart , Byaruhanga Joseph , Angwe Martin Kamilo , Li Jixu , Galon Eloiza May , Liu Mingming , Li Yongchang , Ji Shengwei , Moumouni Paul Frank Adjou , Ringo Aaron , Lee Seung-Hun , Vudriko Patrick , Xuan Xuenan
Published: September 2020

Hemoplasmas (hemotropic mycoplasmas) are small pleomorphic bacteria that parasitize the surface of red blood cells of several mammalian species including cattle, goats, and humans, causing infectious anemia. However, studies on hemoplasmas have been neglected and to date, there are no studies on bovine and caprine hemoplasmas in Uganda or the entire East African region. In this study, a polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay targeting the 16S rRNA gene was used to investigate the presence of hemoplasma in 409 samples (cattle = 208; goats = 201) collected from Kasese district, western Uganda. Results showed that 32.2% (67/208) of cattle samples and 43.8% (88/201) of goat samples were positive for hemoplasmas. Sequencing analysis identified Candidatus Mycoplasma haemobos and Mycoplasma wenyonii in cattle, while Candidatus Mycoplasma erythrocervae and Mycoplasma ovis were identified in goats. Statistical analysis showed that goats were at a higher risk of infection with hemoplasmas compared with cattle. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first molecular evidence of hemoplasmas in bovine and caprine animals in Uganda and the entire east African region.
Using High-Density SNP Array to Reveal Selection Signatures Related to Prolificacy in Chinese and Kazakhstan Sheep Breeds
Authors: Wang Yi , Niu Zhigang , Zeng Zhengcheng , Jiang Yao , Jiang Yifan , Ding Yugong , Tang Sen , Shi Hongcai , Ding Xiangdong
Published: September 2020

Selection signature provides an efficient tool to explore genes related to traits of interest. In this study, 176 ewes from one Chinese uniparous breed and three Kazakhstan multiparous breeds are genotyped using Affymetrix 600K HD single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) arrays, F-statistics (Fst), and a Cross Population Extend Haplotype Homozygosity Test (XPEHH). These are conducted to identify genomic regions that might be under selection in three population pairs comprised the one multiparous breed and the uniparous breed. A total of 177 and 3072 common selective signatures were identified by Fst and XPEHH test, respectively. Nearly half of the common signatures detected by Fst were also captured by XPEHH test. In addition, 1337 positive and 1735 common negative signatures were observed by XPEHH in three Kazakhstan multiparous breeds. In total, 242 and 798 genes were identified in selective regions and positive selective regions identified by Fst and XPEHH, respectively. These genes were further clustered in 50 gene ontology (GO) functional terms and 66 Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathways in enrichment analysis. The GO terms and pathways were relevant with reproductive processes, e.g., oxytocin signaling pathway, thyroid hormone synthesis and GnRH signaling pathway, vascular smooth muscle contraction and lipid metabolism (alpha-Linolenic acid metabolism and Linoleic acid metabolism), etc. Based on the findings, six potential candidate genes ESR1, OXTR, MAPK1, RYR1, PDIA4, and CYP19A1, under positive selection related to characteristics of multiparous sheep breeds were revealed. Our results improve our understanding of the mechanisms of selection that underlies the prolificacy trait in sheep, and provide essential references for future sheep breeding.
The Implications of Nutritional Strategies that Modify Dietary Energy and Lysine for Growth Performance in Two Different Swine Production Systems
Authors: Aymerich Pau , Soldevila Carme , Bonet Jordi , Gasa Josep , Coma Jaume , Solà-Oriol David
Published: September 2020

This work aimed to determine the impacts of lowering dietary net energy (NE) density in two swine production systems that produce pigs with different carcass traits. To ensure that dietary lysine was not limiting growth, two studies were conducted in a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement with NE and standardized ileal digestible lysine (SID Lys) as experimental factors. A total of 1248 pigs were used in each study, Pietrain (Exp. 1, males non-castrated) or Duroc (Exp. 2, males castrated) sired. Reducing NE resulted in a greater feed intake; however, this was not sufficient to reach the same NE intake. While in Exp. 1 a 3.2% lower NE intake did not impair average daily gain (ADG; p = 0.220), in Exp. 2 a 4.7% lower NE intake reduced ADG by 1.4% (p = 0.027). Furthermore, this effect on ADG entailed a reduced ham fat thickness (p = 0.004) of the first marketed pigs. Increasing SID Lys only had a positive effect in Exp. 1, but no significant interaction between NE and SID Lys was reported (p ≥ 0.100). Therefore, dietary NE can be reduced without impairing growth performance when pigs can increase feed intake sufficiently, and thus, limit energy deficiencies.
Epigallocatechin-3-Gallate and PEDF 335 Peptide, 67LR Activators, Attenuate Vasogenic Edema, and Astroglial Degeneration Following Status Epilepticus
Authors: Kim Ji-Eun , Park Hana , Jeong Min-Jeong , Kang Tae-Cheon
Published: September 2020

Non-integrin 67-kDa laminin receptor (67LR) is involved in cell adherence to the basement membrane, and it regulates the interactions between laminin and other receptors. The dysfunction of 67LR leads to serum extravasation via blood-brain barrier (BBB) disruption. Polyphenol (–)-epigallocatechin-3-O-gallate (EGCG) and pigment epithelium-derived factor (PEDF) bind to 67LR and inhibit neovascularization. Therefore, in the present study, we investigated the effects of EGCG and NU335, a PEDF-derive peptide, on BBB integrity and their possible underlying mechanisms against vasogenic edema formation induced by status epilepticus (SE, a prolonged seizure activity). Following SE, both EGCG and NU335 attenuated serum extravasation and astroglial degeneration in the rat piriform cortex (PC). Both EGCG and NU335 reversely regulated phosphatidylinositol 3 kinase (PI3K)/AKT–eNOS (endothelial nitric oxide synthase) mediated BBB permeability and aquaporin 4 (AQP4) expression in endothelial cells and astrocytes through the p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (p38 MAPK) and extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2) signaling pathways, respectively. Furthermore, EGCG and NU335 decreased p47Phox (a nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase subunit) expression in astrocytes under physiological and post-SE conditions. Therefore, we suggest that EGCG and PEDF derivatives may activate 67LR and its downstream effectors, and they may be considerable anti-vasogenic edema agents.