bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Early transcriptional effects of inflammatory cytokines reveal highly redundant cytokine networks
Authors: Lee Juliana J. , Yang Liang , Kotzin Jonathan J. , Ahimovic Dughan , Bale Michael J. , Nigrovic Peter A. , Josefowicz Steven Z. , Mathis Diane , Benoist Christophe ,   Immunological Genome Project Consortium, Ahimovic Dughan , Allan Rhys , Babu Juliana , Bale Michael , Belabed Meriem , Benoist Christophe , Bessiake Michelle , Brbic Maria , Brown Brian D. , Buenrostro Jason , Casey Odhran , Colonna Marco , Croze Myriam , Duarte Fabiana , Dwyer Daniel , Earl Andrew , Ericson Jeff , Fan Shawn , Fan Kaili , Ferraj Enxhi , Frascoli Michela , Freuchet Antoine , Galleti Giovanni , Globig Anna , Goldrath Ananda , Gurtner Alessandra , Hamon Pauline , Han Jichang , Hedge Samarth , Heeg Max , Henderson Molly , Bae Geon Ho , Hoytema van Konijnenburg David , Jackson Ruaidhri , Johanson Tim , Josefowicz Steve , Kane Harry , Kang Joonsoo , Ketavarapu Mythili , Laplace Catherine , Le Berichel Jessica , Liu Alexander , Luna Vida , Magill Ian , Mathis Diane , Matthiuz Raphael , Merad Miriam , Moon Chang , Monell Alexander , Mostafavi Sara , Ner-Gaon Hadas , Nguyen Trung , Nie Junli , Niec Rachel , Nigrovic Peter , Nutt Stephen , Ortiz-Lopez Adriana , Owyong Mark , Pahima Hadas , Panigrahi Siba , Park Matthew , Phan Quan , Randolph Gwendalyn , Reina-Campos Miguel , Sasse Alexander , Schaefer Maximilian , Shay Tal , Shrestha Rojesh , Shyer Justin , Sim Sangwan , Singh Bhavya , Sun Joseph , Takehara Kennidy , Tellier Julie , Tepper Alex , Tu Xinming , Venezia Olivia , Wagers Amy , Wang Tianze , Wu Sunny , Wu Tong , Xu Ethan , Yang Liang , Zemmour David , Zhou Leon
Published: February 2025

Inflammatory cytokines are fundamental mediators of the organismal response to injury, infection, or other harmful stimuli. To elucidate the early and mostly direct transcriptional signatures of inflammatory cytokines, we profiled all immunologic cell types by RNAseq after systemic exposure to IL1β, IL6, and TNFα. Our results revealed a significant overlap in the responses, with broad divergence between myeloid and lymphoid cells, but with very few cell-type-specific responses. Pathway and motif analysis identified several main controllers (NF-κB, IRF8, and PU.1), but the largest portion of the response appears to be mediated by MYC, which was also implicated in the response to γc cytokines. Indeed, inflammatory and γc cytokines elicited surprisingly similar responses (∼50% overlap in NK cells). Significant overlap with interferon-induced responses was observed, paradoxically in lymphoid but not myeloid cell types. These results point to a highly redundant cytokine network, with intertwined effects between disparate cytokines and cell types.
Periodic modulation of the Casimir force in a 1D chiro- optical lattice
Authors: Ahmad Rashid , Ul Haq Inzimam , Ghaffar Abbas , Ahmad Iftikhar , Ali Hazrat , Boutabba Nadia
Published: February 2025

The Casimir Force acts on the boundaries of two uncharged conductors which arises from quantum fluctuation of the Vacuum. We explore this effect in a 1D optical lattice under electromagnetically induced chirality (EIC). This process breaks the mirror symmetry of the system and traps the atoms through a standing wave generated by a strong control laser. Besides, the control field is a superposition of a travelling and a standing sinusoidal wave ( TW, SW) oscillating with the lattice period. Thus, we study the optical properties of the system under magneto cross coupling and obtain the Casimir Force via the Casimir-Lifshitz theory. Particularly, we analyze the passivity conditions and demonstrate that the passivity requirements are fulfilled. We demonstrate that, a position-dependent standing wave along the x-axis used to trap an atom allows controlled manipulation of the Casimir force, which can be switched between attractive and repulsive states depending on the atom's position. Further we reveal that, the Casimir Force can be periodically modulated. Finally, we believe that this study may serve as a gateway to the precise control of the Casimir force in fields where it is necessary to engineer tailored forces at specific points. Given that optical lattices allow for the manipulation of atomic positions at sub-wavelength scales, the periodic modulation of the CF could allow for more precise control over forces at nanoscale range, benefiting applications such as NEMS/MEMS devices.
A fault diagnosis method for the fluid end of drilling pump with adaptive enhancement of weak fault features
Authors: Li Gang , Hu Dalong , Guo Xiucheng , Ao JiaXing , Shen Jiaming , Liu Ruijun
Published: February 2025

The drilling pump is the core circulation equipment used in oil and gas drilling. Timely diagnosis and troubleshooting of the suction and discharge valves are essential for preventing fault escalation and ensuring the smooth operation of the drilling pump. However, in real working conditions, these valves in the fluid end can experience various types of faults, often obscured by significant noise interference, and current diagnostic methods lack effectiveness. This study focuses on a five-cylinder drilling pump, investigating the fault states of the suction and discharge valves under actual working conditions. A data-driven fault diagnosis method for the fluid end is proposed, introducing an innovative adaptive maximum cyclostationarity blind deconvolution (PCYCBD) signal processing algorithm based on cumulative power spectral density. Additionally, a multi-scale convolutional neural network model, MSShuffleNet, is developed to enhance diagnostic accuracy across different batches, with fault diagnosis experiments conducted on the fluid end. The results show that the PCYCBD algorithm effectively reduces noise interference, improving signal quality, while the MSShuffleNet model efficiently extracts fault features at multiple scales. The proposed method achieves an average accuracy of 98.96% across eight fault states. Furthermore, the MFPT bearing fault dataset was used to evaluate the method's adaptability, achieving a diagnostic accuracy of 99.78%, demonstrating its robustness and generalization capabilities. The method provides a fast and accurate solution for diagnosing fluid end faults in drilling pumps under noisy conditions and offers a valuable reference for diagnosing faults in other critical components.
Multi-institution investigations of online daily adaptive proton strategies for head and neck cancer patients
Authors: Choulilitsa Evangelia , Bobić Mislav , Winey Brian A , Paganetti Harald , Lomax Antony John , Albertini Francesca
Published: February 2025

Objective:Fast computation of daily reoptimization is key for an efficient online adaptive proton therapy workflow. Various approaches aim to expedite this process, often compromising daily dose. This study compares MGH’s online dose reoptimization approach, PSI’s online replanning workflow and a full reoptimization adaptive workflow for head and neck cancer (H&N) patients.Approach:10 H&N patients (PSI:5, MGH:5) with daily CBCTs were included. Synthetic CTs were created by deforming the planning CT to each CBCT. Targets and OARs were deformed on daily images. Three adaptive approaches were investigated: i) an online dose reoptimization approach modifying the fluence of a subset of beamlets, ii) full reoptimization adaptive workflow modifying the fluence of all beamlets, and iii) a full online replanning approach, allowing the optimizer to modify both fluence and position of all beamlets. Two non-adapted (NA) scenarios were simulated by recalculating the original plan on the daily image using: Monte Carlo for NAMGH and raycasting algorithm for NAPSI. Main results:All adaptive scenarios from both institutions achieved the prescribed daily target dose, with further improvements from online replanning. For all patients, low-dose CTV D98% shows mean daily deviations of -2.2%, -1.1%, and 0.4% for workflows i, ii, and iii, respectively. For the online adaptive scenarios, plan optimization averages 2.2 minutes for iii) and 2.4 for i) while the full dose reoptimization requires 72 minutes. The OAMGH20% dose reoptimization approach produced results comparable to online replanning for most patients and fractions. However, for one patient, differences up to 11% in low-dose CTV D98% occurred.Significance:Despite significant anatomical changes, all three adaptive approaches ensure target coverage without compromising OAR sparing. Our data suggests 20% dose reoptimization suffices, for most cases, yielding comparable results to online replanning with a marginal time increase due to Monte Carlo. For optimal daily adaptation, a rapid online replanning is preferable.
Thermal structures and their relation to magnetic topology in RFX-mod
Authors: Orlandi Luca , Piron Lidia , Gobbin Marco , Franz Paolo , Rigoni Andrea
Published: February 2025

A statistical analysis of plasma temperature profiles in RFX-mod plasmas reveals that improved thermal structures can be observed in chaotic magnetic topologies, specifically in the so-called multiple helicity (MH) states. The improved thermal structures feature high electron temperatures, up to 1.2 keV, enhanced temperature gradient and radial extension which have been conventionally only  attainable in organized quasi-single helicity (QSH) states. The analysis reported here suggests a possible role of the m = 1, n = −7 and  the m = 1, n = −8 modes (where m and n are the poloidal and toroidal mode numbers, respectively) in MH states, where the plasma  retains good temperature properties. These findings, also supported by numerical ORBIT simulations, indicate that the magnetic islands of the innermost resonant modes may act as regions of improved energy confinement, opening new avenues for understanding the connection between the plasma’s magnetic topology and thermal properties. This paves the way for new sets of experiments in RFX-mod2, with the aim of exploring these mechanics in detail and improving the thermal properties of RFP plasmas.
The Impact of Periodic Internal Undulating Vacuum Channels on the Emission Performance of Photocathodes
Authors: Sha Weiwei , Zhang Junju , Li Li , Cai Yi , Wang Yong , Hao Guanghui
Published: February 2025

Vacuum channel GaAs photocathode assemblies exhibit a high emission current and good structural stability, meeting the requirements for cathode emission beams in some terahertz vacuum devices. Advances are required in the design of electron sources applicable in a range of terahertz vacuum devices and large scientific facilities. The photocathode surface in existing systems is not a perfect plane. In order to understand the impact of cathode unevenness on emission, the theoretical model of uneven surface morphology affecting the emittance is derived. The theoretical solution indicates that emittance increases with greater amplitude, decreases with larger period, and rises with a stronger applied electric field. Meanwhile, Computer Simulation Technology (CST) software is utilized to study the electron emission characteristics of three forms of periodic undulation (rectangular wave, sine wave, and triangular wave) vacuum channel surfaces. The simulation results have shown that under different laser power, the collection efficiency of sinusoidal and rectangular wave channel surfaces is 6% and 3% higher, respectively, than that of smooth surfaces. When the gate voltage increases from 5 V to 25 V, the collection efficiency of rectangular and triangular wave channel surfaces increases by ca. 7%. The average emission angle is also considered in assessing the effect of geometric morphology on the cathode assembly emission performance. The average emission angle of the rectangular wave channel surface is slightly larger, indicating a relatively weaker emission capability. The results generated in this study can inform the surface design of new GaAs-based photocathodes.
Quantum computing of the electronic structure of crystals by the Variational Quantum Deflation algorithm
Authors: Ďuriška Michal , Miháliková Ivana , Friak Martin
Published: February 2025

Variational Quantum Eigensolver (VQE) and its extension, Variational Quantum Deflation (VQD), have emerged as promising algorithms for computing ground and excited state energy eigenvalues of Hamiltonians, particularly in quantum physics, chemistry, and materials science. \textcolor{black}{Recently, the VQE and VQD algorithms were implemented to calculate the electronic band structure described by the tight-binding Hamiltonian}. Despite their success for simple models, scalability remains a challenge due to the need for a large number of circuit executions, limited qubit coherence times, and low gate fidelities. In this work, we implemented the VQE and VQD algorithms for tight-binding models of diamond and zincblende crystal structures (Sn, C, Si, Ge, AlP, AlAs, AlSb, and GaP) using a quantum computer simulator. We investigate the scalability challenges, focusing on the significant overhead caused by a large number of quantum circuit executions required to find the energy eigenvalues. Our analysis highlights the substantial amount of both measurement and optimization overheads in VQD, particularly as the number of excited states increases. Based on our findings, we critically discuss the implications of implementing VQD on current noisy intermediate-scale quantum (NISQ) devices.
Observational viability of anisotropic inﬂation revisited
Authors: Roushan Maryam , Rashidi Narges , Nozari Kourosh
Published: February 2025

We investigate anisotropic inflation within the single-field modelfeaturing an intermediate scale factor. Our analysis reveals thatthe anisotropic nature of the Friedmann equations in this frameworkaffects the slow-roll parameters, which in turn influence keyperturbation parameters. Using a numerical approach, we deriveconstraints on the intermediate parameter $\beta$ and theanisotropic parameter $c$. Our results show that the model isconsistent with Planck2018 TT, TE, EE +lowE+lensing+BK14+BAO data at$68\%$ CL, for $0.84<\beta<1$ and $7.34<c<27.7$. At $95\%$ CL theconsistency holds for $0.77<\beta<1$ and $7.17<c<28.9$. The model isalso consistent with Planck2018 TT, TE, EE +lowE+lensing+BK18+BAOdata, for $0.91<\beta<1$ and $8.00<c<27.4$ (at $68\%$ CL), and$0.88<\beta<1$ and $7.40<c<28.8$ (at $95\%$ CL). Additionally, weexamine the reheating phase using these constraints on constraintson $\beta$ and $c$ and determine the observationally consistentranges for the number of e-folds and the temperature during thereheating phase.
Distributed Quantum Circuit Partitioning and Optimization Based on Combined Spectral Clustering and Search Tree Strategies
Authors: Chen Zilu , Guan Zhijin , Cheng Xueyun , Zhao Shuxian
Published: February 2025

In the current Noisy Intermediate-Scale Quantum (NISQ) era, a single Quantum Processing Unit (QPU) is insufficient to implement large-scale quantum algorithms, which has driven extensive research into distributed quantum computing (DQC). DQC involves the cooperative operation of multiple QPUs but is concurrently challenged by excessive communication complexity. To address this issue, this paper proposes a quantum circuit partitioning method based on spectral clustering. The approach transforms quantum circuits into weighted graphs and, through the computation of the Laplacian matrix and clustering techniques, identifies candidate partition schemes that minimize the total weight of the cut. Additionally, a global gate search tree strategy is introduced to meticulously explore opportunities for merged transfer of global gates, thereby minimizing the transmission cost of distributed quantum circuits and selecting the optimal partition scheme from the candidates. Finally, the proposed method is evaluated through various comparative experiments. The experimental results demonstrate that the spectral clustering-based partitioning exhibits robust stability and efficiency in runtime in quantum circuits of different scales. In experiments involving the Quantum Fourier Transform (QFT) algorithm and Revlib quantum circuits, the transmission cost achieved by the global gate search tree strategy is significantly optimized.
Collective impact of higher order deformations of target nuclei on the fusion dynamics of heavy-ion induced reactions
Authors: SHARMA HARSHIT , Kumar Raj , Sharma Manoj K
Published: February 2025

Several studies of fusion reaction dynamics have been focused on the impact of quadrupole $\beta_2^{\pm}$ deformation. However, existing literature highlights the importance of the octupole $\beta_3^{\pm}$ and hexadecapole $\beta_4^{\pm}$ deformations associated with both the projectile and target nuclei. However, the collective influence of these deformations $\beta_2$,$\beta_3$ and $\beta_4$ on the fusion reaction dynamics has not been explored explicitly. The present study investigates the collective influence of higher order deformations, up to $\beta_4$, on the barrier characteristics $V_B$, $R_B$, and $\hbar\omega$, and their consequent impact on the fusion cross-sections of heavy-ion induced reactions in the mass range $163\leq$A$\leq182$. The reactions are examined at both compact and elongated configurations of the deformed nuclei. The investigation of heavy ion-induced reactions that consists of target nuclei with higher-order deformations, up to $\beta_4$, reveals a notable alteration in the barrier characteristics $V_B$ and $R_B$, along with a significant change in orientation $\theta_i$ for both compact and elongated configurations. In addition, the incorporation of deformations up to $\beta_4$ and their corresponding orientations $\theta_i$ contributes to enhanced capture cross-sections $\sigma_{cap}$, as well integrated cross-sections $\sigma_{int.}$, resulting in a better agreement with experimental data for $^{16}$O-induced reactions with $^{148}$Nd, $^{149-150}$Sm, and $^{32}$S-induced reactions with $^{150}$Sm. The study concludes that incorporation of deformations of all orders up to $\beta_4$ at their optimized compact and elongated configurations is essential as it provides better outcomes compared to the optimized configurations of $\beta_2$ and $\beta_3$ deformed nuclei.
Lorentz Symmetry Violation in Charged Black Hole Thermodynamics and Gravitational Lensing: Effects of the Kalb-Ramond Field
Authors: Mangut Mert , Mangut Huriye Gürsel , SAKALLI İzzet
Published: February 2025

This study investigates the consequences of Lorentz symmetry violation in the thermodynamics and gravitational lensing of charged black holes coupled to the Kalb-Ramond field. We first explore the impact of Lorentz-violating parameters on key thermodynamic properties, including the Hawking temperature, entropy, and specific heat, demonstrating significant deviations from their Lorentz-symmetric counterparts. Our analysis reveals that the Lorentz-violating parameter $b$ induces modifications in phase transitions and stability conditions, offering novel insights into black hole thermodynamics. Additionally, the influence of Lorentz symmetry breaking on gravitational lensing is examined using modifications to the Rindler-Ishak method, showing that these effects enhance the bending of light near compact objects. Our findings, derived within the framework of the standard model extension and bumblebee gravity models, suggest that Lorentz-violating corrections could lead to observable astrophysical phenomena, providing potential tests for deviations from Einstein's theory of relativity.
Research on Rationally Oversampled Channelization Algorithm for Ultra-Wideband Signals
Authors: Du Xu , zhang hailong , GUO Shaocong , Yazhou Zhang , WANG Jie , YE Xinchen , Li Jian , CAI Wen-na , Wu Han , ZHANG Ting
Published: February 2025

To address the issues of low accuracy and high computational complexity in tra ditional channelization techniques for ultra-wideband signals, this paper proposes a novel rationally oversampled channelization method to enhance the accuracy and efficiency of sig nal processing. The proposed method is evaluated by implementing and comparing critically sampled and integer oversampled channelization algorithms. A detailed analysis of the impact of different oversampling factors and filter orders on performance is provided. The validity of the proposed algorithm is verified using baseband data from the pulsar J0437-4715 observed by the Parkes telescope, demonstrating its effectiveness and correctness.
Electrical and magnetic stimulation separately modulates the extent and direction of neurite outgrowth in an ionically conductive hydrogel
Authors: Neuman Katelyn , Zhang Xiaoyu , Schellberg Bryan , Lewis Laura H , Koppes Abigail N , Koppes Ryan
Published: February 2025

Objective: The use of conductive materials for aiding peripheral nerve regeneration is a promising method to recapitulate native conductance of nerve tissue and facilitate the delivery of exogeneous stimulation for enhanced recovery. This study systematically investigated the effects of applying electrical or magnetic stimulation to neurons within new ionically conductive hydrogels.Approach: The material properties of ionically conductive Gel-Amin hydrogels (Gelatin methacryloyl [GelMA] + Choline acrylate) were compared to those of GelMA hydrogels. Neonatal rat dorsal root ganglia (DRG) were encapsulated in both hydrogel formulations, subjected to electrical or magnetic stimulation, and evaluated for differences in neuronal extension. Peripheral glia, Schwann cells (SCs), were subjected to the same stimuli and their secretion of various neurotrophic analytes were investigated. Main Results: Gel-Amin hydrogels are 4x more ionically conductive than GelMA hydrogels. The application of electrical stimulation to the encapsulated cells led to a significant decrease (76%) in DRG outgrowth when encapsulated in GelMA versus the Gel-Amin hydrogel. In contrast, magnetic stimulation led to directional neurite extension in a direction perpendicular to the magnetic field gradient. Significance: We present here the first report of a controlled, direct comparison of electric and magnetic stimulation on whole DRG in synthetic materials. The combination of electrical and magnetic stimulation decreased total neurite outgrowth but led to more directional growth. Aspects of the material and type of stimuli were noted to reduce several cytokine secretion levels from primary SC cultures. These results highlight the importance of understanding material and biophysical interactions to enhance peripheral nerve regeneration. 
Dareplane: a modular open-source software platform for BCI research with application in closed-loop deep brain stimulation
Authors: Dold Matthias , Pereira Joana , Sajonz Bastian , Coenen Volker A , Thielen Jordy , Janssen Marcus , Tangermann Michael
Published: February 2025

Objective - This work introduces Dareplane, a modular and broad technology-agnostic open source software platform for brain-computer interface research withan application focus on adaptive deep brain stimulation (aDBS). One difficulty forinvestigating control approaches for aDBS resides with the complex setups requiredfor aDBS experiments, a challenge Dareplane tries to address.Approach - The key features of the platform are presented and the compositionof modules into a full experimental setup is discussed in the context of a Python-based orchestration module. The performance of a typical experimental setup onDareplane for aDBS is evaluated in three benchtop experiments, covering (a) an easy-to-replicate setup using an Arduino microcontroller, (b) a setup with hardware of animplantable pulse generator, and (c) a setup using an established and CE certifiedexternal neurostimulator. The full technical feasibility of the platform in the aDBScontext is demonstrated in a first closed-loop session with externalized leads on apatient with Parkinson’s disease receiving DBS treatment and further in a non-invasiveBCI speller application using code-modulated visual evoked responses (c-VEP).Main results - The platform is implemented and open-source accessible onhttps://github.com/bsdlab/Dareplane. Benchtop results show that performance of theplatform is sufficient for current aDBS latencies, and the platform could successfully beused in the aDBS experiment. The timing-critical c-VEP speller could be successfullyimplemented on the platform achieving expected information transfer rates.Significance - The Dareplane platform supports aDBS setups, and more generallythe research on neurotechnological systems such as brain-computer interfaces. Itprovides a modular, technology-agnostic, and easy-to-implement software platform tomake experimental setups more resilient and replicable.Clinical trial number - DRKS000287039
Use of sandwich structures in biomedical applications: an innovative design for external ring fixators
Authors: Çetin Ahmet
Published: February 2025

Sandwich structures are known for their excellent strength-to-weight ratio and are being increasingly used in the automotive, aerospace, marine, and construction sectors. These structures may also offer promising designs for other fields such as biomedical fixation devices, in which the combination of lightness and stiffness is of paramount importance. This study investigated the potential of fabricating orthopedic external ring fixators from sandwich panels to develop innovative designs and broaden the scope of sandwich-structure applications. Semicircular and circular rings were fabricated from sandwich panels composed of carbon fiber composite face sheets and a polyvinyl chloride (PVC) foam core. It is evident from the available literature that epoxy/carbon fiber-reinforced composite and PVC materials with appropriate biocompatibility are used in a large number of medical devices. Layered carbon fiber composites and aluminum rings were also tested to provide a point of comparison. The mechanical results demonstrated that the sandwich rings exhibited a load-carrying capacity comparable to that of aluminum rings typically utilized in surgical procedures while exhibiting a weight reduction of approximately 60%. They provide approximately four times the mechanical advantage for specific stiffness and strength. They weigh approximately half as much as layered composite rings and are more cost-effective owing to the reduced use of carbon fibers. Furthermore, the innovative sandwich design exhibited significantly superior radiolucency compared to other rings, thus reducing the risk of confusion between the fixator and bone during stabilization and surgical operations. In summary, the sandwich rings exhibited notable improvements in load capacity, lightness, mechanical advantage, radiolucency, and cost. The proposed design has the potential to expand the applications of sandwich structures considerably, offering a cost-effective and commercially viable solution for biomedical fixators.
Performance Evaluation of Wireless Node Positioning Over α − η − µ Fading Channel
Authors: Misra NARENDRA MOHAN , Soni S. K. , Mishra Rajan , Upaddhyay Vipin Kumar
Published: February 2025

The increasing demand for diverse services, ubiquitous coverage, and device-oriented point-to-point communications necessitates a focus on user mobility in characterizing the wireless channel environment. This study addresses the random waypoint mobility (RWP) model, where users follow a zigzag path between waypoints, causing significant fluctuations in perceived signal power. Recognizing the critical role of mobility-driven channel modelling in optimizing network infrastructure, this paper evaluates user mobility in non-linear and non-line-of-sight (NLOS) scenarios, leveraging the α-η-µ fading distribution. We derive a closed-form expression for the probability distribution function (PDF) by integrating the RWP mobility model with the α-η-µ fading channel. The study explores path loss exponent variations under different node positioning dimensions (1-D, 2-D, and 3-D). The novel RWPmodelled α-η-µ composite fading channel PDF is then used to quantify performance metrics, including outage performance and bit error rate (BER) in communication systems, particularly in the context of evolving to 5G networks. Additionally, this work considers dynamic node mobility in various distributions such as one-sided Gaussian, exponential, Nakagami-m (with its discrete version Chi), Rayleigh, and Weibull. The obtained results from the derived expressions are rigorously validated through Monte Carlo simulations.
Hybrid Feature Based Deep Ensemble Approach for Indian Sign Language Recognition
Authors: Das Soumen , Biswas Saroj K. , Purkayastha Biswajit
Published: February 2025

The Sign Language Recognition System (SLRS) represents an advanced technology designed to improve accessibility in communication within the deaf community, replacing the conventional method of relying on human translators. However, the current SLR systems for Indian Sign Language (ISL) suffer from inefficiency and a lack of robustness due to their reliance on a single classifier. To address these limitations, this research paper introduces a robust and efficient SLRS named Hybrid Deep Ensemble Network (HD-ENet1) for recognizing ISL words. The proposed HD-ENet1 incorporates a technique for selecting keyframes based on histogram differences which effectively eliminates redundant frames. To enhance system performance and ensure robustness, the method leverages a weighted average ensemble approach, utilizing three distinct models: LSTM, ConvLSTM, and BiLSTM networks as base classifiers. In order to determine the optimal combination of weights, the HD-ENet1 integrates the Hill Climbing (HC) optimization technique. The performance of the HD-ENet1 is measured with repeated k-fold cross validation technique where the proposed system demonstrated an average classification accuracy of 97.32% on the Indian Sign Language (ISL) dataset and 98.78% on the benchmark LSA64 dataset. A comparative analysis is conducted with several SLRS, revealing that the suggested approach consistently outperformed the existing approaches.
Steady Gradient Kähler-Ricci Solitons on Crepant Resolutions of Calabi-Yau Cones
Authors: Conlon Ronan , Deruelle Alix
Published: February 2025

We show that, up to the flow of the soliton vector field, there exists a unique complete steady gradient Kähler-Ricci soliton in every Kähler class of an equivariant crepant resolution of a Calabi-Yau cone converging at a polynomial rate to Cao’s steady gradient Kähler-Ricci soliton on the cone.
Optimizing Overhead Irrigation Schedules for Effective Anthracnose Management in Watermelon, Georgia, 2024
Authors: Kumari Manisha , Dutta Bhabesh , Kaur Navjot , McAvoy Theodore
Published: February 2025

Watermelon (Citrullus lanatus) production is significantly impacted by anthracnose, a disease caused by the fungal pathogen Colletotrichum orbiculare. This experimental trial was conducted in Tifton, Georgia, during the spring of 2024 and aimed to optimize overhead irrigation timing for managing anthracnose. The study evaluated the differential effect of three irrigation timings (6 AM, 12 PM, and 6 PM) on disease severity and yield parameters in the 'Crimson Sweet' watermelon plants artificially inoculated with anthracnose isolates. Disease severity was measured using the area under the disease progress curve (AUDPC). Results showed no significant differences in AUDPC values or yield metrics among the treatments. Thus, the timing of overhead irrigation did not significantly affect either disease severity or yield outcomes.
Fragmented Care and Guideline-Concordant Treatment in Locally Advanced Cervical Cancer
Authors: Mvemba Audrey , Liang Jessica , Swanson Megan , Yoshida Emi , Ueda Stefanie , Fuh Katherine , Chen Lee-may , Cham Stephanie
Published: February 2025

OBJECTIVE:

To characterize and estimate rates of fragmented care, to investigate its association with the receipt of guideline-concordant treatment, and to evaluate treatment components at risk with fragmented care.

METHODS:

This is a single-institution retrospective study of patients with locally advanced cervical cancer (stage IB3–IVA) from January 2003 to September 2023. We stratified patients into fragmented and nonfragmented care groups based on receipt of all care at our institution or if they received any component of care outside of our institution. The primary outcome, receipt of guideline-concordant treatment, was defined as a composite of 1) completion of treatment within 56 days, 2) completion of brachytherapy, and 3) receipt of concurrent chemotherapy. Demographic and treatment data were collected, including the Social Vulnerability Index (SVI), a census tract–based measure of disadvantage. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed.

RESULTS:

Two hundred eighty-six patients were identified; 75.5% received fragmented care. Those receiving nonfragmented care were significantly more likely to receive guideline-concordant treatment than those receiving fragmented care (71.4% vs 50.9%, P=.003). This was driven primarily by rates of timely completion (81.4% vs 60.6%, P=.001). Univariate analysis indicated that fragmented care (odds ratio [OR] 0.42, 95% CI, 0.23–0.74) and Medicaid insurance (OR 0.40, 95% CI, 0.20–0.78) were significantly associated with lower odds of guideline-concordant treatment. Multivariate analyses controlling for a priori confounders of insurance type and SVI showed that fragmented care (OR 0.45, 95% CI, 0.23–0.90) and Medicaid insurance (OR 0.42, 95% CI, 0.19–0.89) were independently associated with lower odds of guideline-concordant treatment. Multivariate analysis controlling for demographic covariates found even lower odds of receiving guideline-concordant treatment in those who received fragmented care (OR 0.39, 95% CI, 0.18–0.84) and who had Medicaid insurance (OR 0.35, 95% CI, 0.16–0.78).

CONCLUSION:

More than 75% of patients received fragmented care, which had a significant clinical effect and was associated with significantly lower rates of guideline-concordant treatment.
Pregnancy-Induced Hypertension and Association With Future Autoimmune Diseases
Authors: Shih Yu-Hsiang , Yang Chiao-Yu , Lung Chia-Chi
Published: February 2025

OBJECTIVE:

To explore the associations between hypertensive disorders of pregnancy and the subsequent development of autoimmune diseases.

METHODS:

This retrospective cohort study used TriNetX, a federated network of real-world data. Using the Global Collaborative Network data, we collected electronic medical records from 102 health care organizations with 131 million patient records from 2006 to 2020. The study assessed the risk of autoimmune diseases in women aged 16–45 years. Two cohorts were compared: the pregnancy-induced hypertension cohort, which included women with gestational hypertension, preeclampsia, or eclampsia, and the normotensive pregnancy cohort. Women with preexisting autoimmune diseases or hypertension and those with complications occurring before 20 weeks of gestation were excluded. Propensity score matching was used to ensure balanced cohorts. The primary outcome was the long-term risk of autoimmune diseases during a follow-up period of up to 18 years. The secondary outcome evaluated the association between the risk of autoimmune diseases and both the patient's age and the severity of pregnancy-induced hypertension.

RESULTS:

The prevalence of pregnancy-induced hypertension was found to be 13.4%. After propensity score matching, among 289,564 women, those with pregnancy-induced hypertension demonstrated a significantly higher risk of developing autoimmune diseases during long-term follow-up. The risk of systemic lupus erythematosus was notably higher (hazard ratio 1.87, 95% CI, 1.60–2.18), along with elevated risks of multiple sclerosis, Addison disease, antiphospholipid syndrome, inflammatory bowel disease, mixed connective tissue disease, and rheumatoid arthritis. Subgroup analysis revealed that women of advanced maternal age with pregnancy-induced hypertension had a similar risk of developing autoimmune diseases compared with younger women. In addition, the risk of these autoimmune diseases increased with the severity of pregnancy-induced hypertension.

CONCLUSION:

Women with a history of pregnancy-induced hypertension face a higher long-term risk of autoimmune diseases, emphasizing the need for ongoing monitoring and preventive care.
Freiberg’s disease: variation of surgeries, outcomes, and first population-based incidence
Authors: Rehm Andreas , Seah Matthew , Chase Helen E. , Gompels Ben , Newton Ayla C. , Fawi Hassan M.T. , Ahmed Masroor , Hatzantoni Katerina , Butt Jehan , Ashby Elizabeth
Published: February 2025

The objective of this inclusive literature review is to identify surgeries performed for Freiberg’s disease (FD) and their outcomes and to perform the first population-based study to establish its incidence. We reviewed all retrievable publications linked to FD listed in PubMed and publications quoted within these publications going back to 1914. Patients with FD and the number of livebirths born in our maternity hospital between 2000 and 2023 were identified from our hospital database. We identified 208 publications of which we managed to review 163 (1121 patients, 1169 feet, of which 939 feet underwent surgery, 116 had no surgery, and for 114, it was unknown if surgery was performed. Patient age: 194 × <18 years, 516 × ≥18 years, 411 × age unknown). The most frequently performed surgeries were intra-articular closing wedge metatarsal osteotomies through the defect (IDCWMO) (284 feet), extra-articular dorsal closing wedge metatarsal osteotomies (EDCWMO) (118 feet), osteochondral autologous transplantation (OAT) (64 feet), and modified Weil osteotomies with intra-articular dorsal closing wedge osteotomies (52 feet). Outcome scores were used in 39 publications, with the American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society score having been used most frequently (28 studies, 462 patients, 482 feet). The mean scores were excellent for OATs and EDCWMOs and good for IDCWMOs and modified Weil osteotomies. We identified 124 644 livebirths and 44 patients with FD. In conclusion, multiple procedures achieved a high rate of excellent and good outcomes where nonoperative management failed. FDis rare, with an extrapolated incidence of 1 in 2833 livebirths.
Renal Denervation: A New Therapy for Resistant Hypertension
Authors: Trivedi Dhaval B. , Parikh Manish A. , Turitto Gioia , Frishman William H. , Peterson Stephen J.
Published: February 2025

The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) recently approved renal denervation to treat resistant hypertension. This procedure is a minimally invasive procedure that starts by placing a catheter in the renal artery. This catheter is used to send either radiofrequency heat or ultrasound waves to burn the superficial nerves surrounding the renal arteries while making certain no damage happens to the renal arteries themselves. This procedure is done after a renal angiogram to ensure patency of the renal artery. Each radiofrequency ablation will take 1–2 minutes, depending on the device used. The radiofrequency balloon generator requires one single application of the radiofrequency pulse. The radiofrequency generator that uses a catheter tube will need more than one pulse. The second approved option uses ultrasound to generate an electrical signal that is converted into ultrasound vibration, that occurs at the distal end of the catheter. This vibration heats the system around the nerves, disrupting the superficial nerves that communicate with the central nervous system. This will result in lowering the blood pressure. We will review the studies that led to FDA approval, and the current guidelines for use. The FDA now approves both devices.
Topical losartan and systemic vitamin C to mitigate corneal fibrosis after superficial keratectomy complicated by infection
Authors: Min Heun , Ambati Balamurali
Published: February 2025

Introduction:

The efficacy of topical losartan in treating corneal fibrosis has been suggested by recent in vivo studies and clinical reports. This is one of the few reported cases of successful treatment of corneal scarring using topical losartan and systemic vitamin C.

Patient and Clinical Findings:

The case of a 72-year-old woman with presumed epithelial basement membrane dystrophy who developed a corneal opacity after superficial keratectomy of the right eye is presented. Patient presented 2 weeks postoperatively with decreased vision. Anterior segment examination revealed a central corneal opacity on the corneal epithelium with mild infiltrates.

Diagnosis, Intervention, and Outcomes:

Anterior segment optical coherence tomography confirmed the presence of a superficial anterior stromal central corneal opacity. Patient began treatment of topical losartan 0.8 mg/mL and oral vitamin C 1000 mg that was tapered and monitored throughout 9 months. Significant improvement in corneal opacity was observed at month 2 with almost complete resolution at month 9. Visual acuity had 1-line improvement on the Snellen chart and remained stable.

Conclusions:

Combined topical losartan and systemic vitamin C demonstrate potential of being adjunct agents to reduce corneal fibrosis secondary to other etiologies. Further clinical studies are needed to optimize dosages, treatment durations, and prevent regression.
Sulbactam–Durlobactam for Carbapenem-Resistant Acinetobacter baumannii–calcoaceticus Complex Infections
Authors: Marzella Nino , Kish Troy , Costinas Carmen-Sarah , Dima Lorena , Nguyen Timothy
Published: February 2025

Background:

Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a major health crisis specifically associated with Acinetobacter. Among different Acinetobacter species, Acinetobacter baumannii is known as the greatest culprit concerning clinical significance. Of most importance, carbapenem-resistant A. baumannii–calcoaceticus complex (CRAB) infections are the fourth leading global cause of death attributable to AMR. Consequently, CRAB has been established globally as a top priority pathogen for the development of novel antimicrobials. Sulbactam-–durlobactam received Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approval to target this resistant microorganism.

Mechanism of Action, Pharmacodynamics, and Pharmacokinetics:

This innovative combination uses sulbactam, which is a first-generation β-lactamase inhibitor with antibacterial activity against Acinetobacter spp. Considering sulbactam is susceptible to cleavage by numerous β-lactamases, the benefit of this coformulated product is the addition of durlobactam. Durlobactam is a new member of the diazabicyclooctane class of β-lactamase inhibitors with broad spectrum activity against several serine β-lactamases, making it able to restore the sulbactam's activity against the exclusively multidrug-resistant strains. Overall, the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic parameter for sulbactam is time above minimum inhibitory concentration (T >MIC) and for durlobactam is 24-hour unbound area under the curve. The estimated half-life for sulbactam–durlobactam is approximately 2 hours.

Clinical Trials:

The ATTACK, a phase 3 trial, used sulbactam–durlobactam in patients with laboratory-confirmed CRAB. The primary efficacy end point was 28-day all-cause mortality. The combination was noninferior to colistin. The drug was well tolerated and effective in reducing mortality from serious infections caused by CRAB, along with multidrug-resistant strains. The sulbactam–durlobactam group had significantly lower incidence of nephrotoxicity.

Therapeutic Advance:

Sulbactam–durlobactam is an unconventional dual β-lactamase inhibitor coformulated product. It holds activity against CRAB infections noninferior to other agents, yet with fewer kidney side effects. This novel product deserves to be regarded as an important agent added to the current battlefield landscape against multiple resistant organisms encountered in current medical practice.
Comparison of quantitative Krenning Scores with visual assessment in 99mTc-EDDA/HYNIC-TOC SPECT-CT
Authors: Gemmell Alastair J. , Brown Colin M. , Ray Surajit , Small Alexander
Published: February 2025

Purpose

The aim of this study is to assess inter-observer variability of the Krenning Score for 99mTc-EDDA/HYNIC-TOC single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT)-computed tomography (CT) images and compare against quantitative metrics obtained from tumour and physiological uptake measurements.

Methods

Thirty-two patients with 117 lesions visible on 99mTc-EDDA/HYNIC-TOC SPECT-CT were scored by two expert observers using the Krenning Score. Five observers with less extensive experience also scored the lesions on visual assessment. Inter-observer agreement and comparison to the expert consensus was tested. Three observers made quantitative measurements of the lesions and physiological uptake, with intra-observer and inter-observer variation investigated. Assessment of agreement between quantitative metrics and the expert visual consensus was also made.

Results

Inter-observer agreement for visual assessment was 44.3% for proportions of agreement and 0.576 for Fleiss’ Kappa, whilst for the best-performing quantitative metric the inter-observer Fleiss’ Kappa was equal to 1. The agreement with expert consensus for the best-performing visual observer was 89.8% for percentage of agreement and 0.914 for Cohen’s Kappa, similar to the best-performing quantitative metric (a derived quantitative Krenning Score) at 86.4% and κ = 0.877. Standardised uptake value maximum (SUVmax) also showed similar levels of agreement at 85.1% and κ = 0.871.

Conclusion

A derived quantitative Krenning Score, or alternatively SUVmax, can provide similar levels of agreement with an expert consensus Krenning Score as visual assessment, with reduced inter-observer variability. Quantification can deliver greater consistency in scoring of 99mTc-EDDA/HYNIC-TOC images over visual assessment, an important factor when imaging is used to determine patient eligibility for peptide receptor radiotherapy.
A multidisciplinary review of long COVID to address the challenges in diagnosis and updated management guidelines
Authors: Abbas Abbas Hamza , Haji Maryam Razzaq , Shimal Aya Ahmed , Kurmasha Yousif Hameed , Al-Janabi Ali Alsajad Hussein , Azeez Zainab Tawfeeq , Al-Ali Amenah Ridha Sahib , Al-Najati Hussein Mezher Hameed , Al-Waeli Abdulrahman Raad Abdulkareem , Abdulhadi Noor Alhussein S. Abdulhadi , Al-Tuaama Abdullah Zeyad Hameed , Al-Ashtary Mustafa M. , Hussin Ominat Amir
Published: February 2025

Long COVID has emerged as a significant challenge since the COVID-19 pandemic, which was declared as an outbreak in March 2020, marked by diverse symptoms and prolonged duration of disease. Defined by the WHO as symptoms persisting or emerging for at least two months post-SARS-CoV-2 infection without an alternative cause, its prevalence varies globally, with estimates of 10–20% in Europe, 7.3% in the USA, and 3.0% in the UK. The condition’s etiology remains unclear, involving factors, such as renin–angiotensin system overactivation, persistent viral reservoirs, immune dysregulation, and autoantibodies. Reactivated viruses, like EBV and HSV-6, alongside epigenetic alterations, exacerbate mitochondrial dysfunction and energy imbalance. Emerging evidence links SARS-CoV-2 to chromatin and gut microbiome changes, further influencing long-term health impacts. Diagnosis of long COVID requires detailed systemic evaluation through medical history and physical examination. Management is highly individualized, focusing mainly on the patient’s symptoms and affected systems. A multidisciplinary approach is essential, integrating diverse perspectives to address systemic manifestations, underlying mechanisms, and therapeutic strategies. Enhanced understanding of long COVID’s pathophysiology and clinical features is critical to improving patient outcomes and quality of life. With a growing number of cases expected globally, advancing research and disseminating knowledge on long COVID remain vital for developing effective diagnostic and management frameworks, ultimately supporting better care for affected individuals.