bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The impact of personalized probabilistic wall thickness models on peak wall stress in abdominal aortic aneurysms
Authors: Biehler J. , Wall W. A.
Published: August 2017

If computational models are ever to be used in high‐stakes decision making in clinical practice, the use of personalized models and predictive simulation techniques is a must. This entails rigorous quantification of uncertainties as well as harnessing available patient‐specific data to the greatest extent possible. Although researchers are beginning to realize that taking uncertainty in model input parameters into account is a necessity, the predominantly used probabilistic description for these uncertain parameters is based on elementary random variable models. In this work, we set out for a comparison of different probabilistic models for uncertain input parameters using the example of an uncertain wall thickness in finite element models of abdominal aortic aneurysms. We provide the first comparison between a random variable and a random field model for the aortic wall and investigate the impact on the probability distribution of the computed peak wall stress. Moreover, we show that the uncertainty about the prevailing peak wall stress can be reduced if noninvasively available, patient‐specific data are harnessed for the construction of the probabilistic wall thickness model.
Assessment of individual and conspecific reproductive success as determinants of breeding dispersal of female tree swallows: A capture–recapture approach
Authors: Lagrange Paméla , Gimenez Olivier , Doligez Blandine , Pradel Roger , Garant Dany , Pelletier Fanie , Bélisle Marc
Published: August 2017

Breeding dispersal is a key process of population structure and dynamics and is often triggered by an individual's breeding failure. In both colonial and territorial birds, reproductive success of conspecifics (RSc) can also lead individuals to change breeding sites after a failure on a site. Yet, few studies have simultaneously investigated the independent contribution of individual reproductive success (RSi) and of RSc on dispersal decision. Here, we develop a modeling framework to disentangle the effects of RSi and RSc on demographic parameters, while accounting for imperfect individual detection and other confounding factors such as age or dispersal behavior in the previous year. Using a 10‐year capture–recapture dataset composed of 1,595 banded tree swallows, we assessed the effects of nonmanipulated RSi and RSc on female breeding dispersal in this semicolonial passerine. Dispersal was strongly driven by RSi, but not by RSc. Unsuccessful females were 9.5–2.5 times more likely to disperse than successful ones, depending if they had dispersed or not in the previous year, respectively. Unsuccessful females were also three times less likely to be detected than successful ones. Contrary to theoretical and empirical studies, RSc did not drive the decision to disperse but influenced the selection of the following breeding site once dispersal had been initiated. Because detection of individuals was driven by RSi, which was positively correlated to RSc, assuming a perfect detection as in previous studies may have lead us to conclude that RSc affected dispersal patterns, yet our approach corrected for this bias. Overall, our results suggest that the value and use of RSc as public information to guide dispersal decisions are likely dictated by multiple ecological determinants, such as landscape structure and extent, if this cue is indeed used.
Ecological network metrics: opportunities for synthesis
Authors: Lau Matthew K. , Borrett Stuart R. , Baiser Benjamin , Gotelli Nicholas J. , Ellison Aaron M.
Published: August 2017

Network ecology provides a systems basis for approaching ecological questions, such as factors that influence biological diversity, the role of particular species or particular traits in structuring ecosystems, and long‐term ecological dynamics (e.g., stability). Whereas the introduction of network theory has enabled ecologists to quantify not only the degree, but also the architecture of ecological complexity, these advances have come at the cost of introducing new challenges, including new theoretical concepts and metrics, and increased data complexity and computational intensity. Synthesizing recent developments in the network ecology literature, we point to several potential solutions to these issues: integrating network metrics and their terminology across sub‐disciplines; benchmarking new network algorithms and models to increase mechanistic understanding; and improving tools for sharing ecological network research, in particular “model” data provenance, to increase the reproducibility of network models and analyses. We propose that applying these solutions will aid in synthesizing ecological sub‐disciplines and allied fields by improving the accessibility of network methods and models.
The Ecosystem Approach to Management in Marine Environmental Governance: Institutional interplay in the Baltic Sea Region
Authors: Söderström Sara , Kern Kristine
Published: August 2017

This article focuses on the use of the ecosystem approach to management (EAM) in the Baltic Sea Region (BSR). Based on selected criteria for EAM, the article traces and compares the impact of EAM on HELCOM's Baltic Sea Action Plan (BSAP), the EU Water Framework Directive (WFD), the EU Marine Strategy Framework Directive (MSFD) and the EU Maritime Spatial Planning Directive (MSPD). Starting from the assumption that institutional interplay determines the impact of the EAM on marine policies, the article examines how different forms of interplay (interplay through cognition, commitment and compliance) affect the spread of EAM and its implementation in the BSR. The study finds strong interplay between HELCOM's BSAP and the EU's MSFD. Although HELCOM is still an important player in marine governance in the BSR, since it includes Russia, taking over responsibilities for the implementation of EU legislation has repercussions and affects its independence. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment
Exposure to low environmental concentrations of manganese, lead, and cadmium alters the serotonin system of blue mussels
Authors: Fraser Marc , Fortier Marlène , Foucher Delphine , Roumier Pierre-Hervé , Brousseau Pauline , Fournier Michel , Surette Céline , Vaillancourt Cathy
Published: August 2017

Serotonin plays a crucial role in mussel survival and reproduction. Although the serotonin system can be affected by metals, the effects of environmental concentrations of metals such as manganese (Mn), lead (Pd), and cadmium (Cd) have never been studied in blue mussels. The present study aimed to determine the effects of exposure to Mn, Pb, or Cd on serotonin levels, monoamine oxidase (MAO) activity, and serotonin transporter (SERT) levels in the blue mussel Mytilus edulis. Mussels were exposed in vivo to increasing and environmentally relevant doses of Mn (10–1000 nM; 0.5–50 μg/L), Pb (0.01–10 nM; 0.002–2 μg/L), or Cd (0.01–10 nM; 0.001–1 μg/L) for 28 d. Serotonin levels, MAO activity, and SERT expression were analyzed in the mussel mantle. Expression of SERT protein was significantly decreased, by up to 81%, following Mn, Pb, or Cd exposure. The activity of MAO in females was almost 2-fold higher, versus males, in nonexposed control mussels. In mussels exposed to 0.1 nM of Pb (0.02 μg/L), MAO activity was increased in males and decreased in females. In Cd-exposed mussels, a sex-dependent, inverted nonmonotonic pattern of MAO activity was observed. These results clearly indicate that low environmental concentrations of Mn, Pb, and Cd affect the serotonin system in blue mussels. Environ Toxicol Chem 2018;37:192–200. © 2017 SETAC
Revisiting the Teesside CCS hub
Authors: Tennison Sarah
Published: August 2017

During 2015, GHGS&T reported on an ambitious project to develop a carbon capture and storage (CCS) hub in one of the UK's most important and vibrant energy‐intensive industrial regions. In this article, we revisit the project, following the publication of a major report, which came out in February 2017. Sarah Tennison, Technology and Innovation Manager, Tees Valley Combined Authority, explains the findings.
Activation, Deactivation and Reversibility in a Series of Homogeneous Iridium Dehydrogenation Catalysts
Authors: Sharninghausen Liam S. , Crabtree Robert H.
Published: August 2017

Dehydrogenation is a sustainable form of oxidation catalysis, as it avoids any primary oxidant and the waste that would accompany it. Homogeneous catalyst design for this reaction is delicate: the catalyst must have a sufficient H2 affinity to abstract two hydrogen atoms from the substrate but not so much affinity as to fail to release them as free H2. N‐Heterocyclic carbene (NHC) ligands achieve this balancing act in a series of iridium catalysts based on the Ir(IMe)2 motif (IMe=N,N′‐dimethylimidazol‐2‐ylidene). Catalyst design also needs to account for mechanistic points outside of the catalytic cycle itself. To enter the cycle, there is often an initial precatalyst activation process, and elucidating this can lead to optimization of both precatalyst and reaction conditions. To leave the cycle, we can have reversible formation of off‐cycle species as well as an irreversible catalyst deactivation step. In our Cp*Ir(IMe)2Cl precatalyst for dehydrogenative oxidation, Cp* is lost in the activation step. This suggested moving to a catalyst precursor lacking the Cp*, [Ir(IMe)2(CO)2]+. Catalyst deactivation produces a series of unusual cluster cations such as [Ir6(IMe)8(CO)2H14]2+. Among applications, dehydrogenative oxidation can be useful in upgrading of biomass glycerol by conversion to lactate, as a part of hydrogen borrowing chemistry and in reversible hydrogenation/dehydrogenation for H2 storage.
MicroRNA‐622 suppresses the proliferation of glioma cells by targeting YAP1
Authors: Xu Jin , Ma Banyou , Chen Gong , Wei Dong , Li Lixin , Hu Weixing
Published: August 2017

It has recently been shown that miR‐622 plays a tumor suppressive role in many human cancers. However, the exact function and underlying mechanism are still unknown. Here, we reported that the level of miR‐622 is clearly reduced in human glioma tissues in comparison with normal brain tissues and is negatively correlated with the histological grades. Additionally, ectopically expressed miR‐622 significantly inhibited cell proliferation and induced cell cycle arrest at the G0/G1 phase in glioma cells. Furthermore, the bioinformatics analysis revealed that YAP1 possesses putative miR‐622—binding sites within its 3′UTR. Consequently, an elevated miR‐622 level was found to suppress the luciferase reporter activity of YAP1 3′UTR, and the effect was diminished by the deletion of the miR‐622 seed binding site. In addition, the level of YAP1 protein expression was significantly decreased after the overexpression of miR‐622. These results indicate a negative link between miR‐622 and YAP1 and further confirm that YAP1 is a direct target of miR‐622, suggesting that miR‐622 could be a new important therapeutic strategy for gliomas treatment.
Toward a Better Determination of Infrared Molar Absorptivities and Dimer Formation Constants in Self‐association Through Hydrogen Bonding: 3‐Ethyl‐2‐methyl‐3‐pentanol in Tetrachloroethylene as an Example
Authors: Chen Jenn‐Shing , Yeh Kwei‐Tin , Kao Dah‐Yu , Baird James K.
Published: August 2017

The monomer–dimer self‐association of the dilute 3‐ethyl‐2‐methyl‐3‐pentanol in tetrachloroethylene in the very dilute state was studied by infrared spectroscopy at several temperatures. The solute was deliberately chosen so that higher oligomers were suppressed by the steric hindrance arising from bulky groups on both sides of hydroxyl group. Two linear utility equations were derived to treat, respectively, the integrated absorbance of the monomer band, Am, and of the dimer band, Ad, as functions of the initially prepared solute concentration, [B]0. The respective molar absorptivities were obtained by fitting these equations to the data. Unlike previous methods, the dimerization constant (K) can be obtained from either Am or Ad. Any discrepancy between these two values of K serves as a measure of the quality of the data. The values of K at different temperatures were employed to calculate the standard enthalpy and entropy of dimerization by using a van't Hoff plot. The dimer is predominantly in the cyclic form where both hydroxyl protons are hydrogen‐bonded. This is inferred from the following observations: (1) the spectrum displays only two bands between 3300 and 3750 cm−1; (2) the constancy of as a function of [B]0
; and (3) the linearity of both plots [B]0/A
m
vs.
A
m
, and [B]0/A
d
vs.
.
Cover Image, Volume 97, Issue 12
Authors: Li Wai Chin , Chow Chin Fung
Published: August 2017

The cover image, by Wai Chin Li and Chin Fung Chow, is based on the Review Adverse child health impacts resulting from food adulterations in the Greater China Region, DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.8405.

image
The influence of thematic product displays on consumers: An elaboration‐based account
Authors: Lam Shun Yin , Ho‐ying Fu Jeanne , Li Dongmei
Published: August 2017

Marketers commonly adopt a theme to unify their design of an environment in which their products are displayed. A thematic display environment can be congruent with or unrelated to the concept of a product on display. The elaboration likelihood model and the knowledge activation literature suggest that conceptual congruence between the thematic display context and the product could affect product evaluation by a cue‐based mechanism and an elaboration‐based mechanism. First, the positive feeling associated with conceptual congruence serves as a peripheral cue, making product evaluation favorable. Second, the congruence provokes thoughts about the product's attributes, and these attribute‐related thoughts affect product evaluation. Whether the evaluation is dominated by the affective cue or attribute thoughts depends on the consumer's shopping motivation (planned purchase vs. browsing), because the motivation affects the consumer's elaboration likelihood. The results of three experiments support these propositions. The results indicated that under planned purchase motivation, the congruence effect on purchase intention through attribute‐related thoughts was observed. In contrast, under browsing, the congruence effect on purchase intention was dominated by a direct positive effect that reflected the influence of the affective cue. Implications of the findings for visual merchandising are discussed.
Plasma Metabolomics Reveals Steroidal Alkaloids as Novel Biomarkers of Tomato Intake in Mice
Authors: Cichon Morgan J. , Riedl Ken M. , Wan Lei , Thomas‐Ahner Jennifer M. , Francis David M. , Clinton Steven K. , Schwartz Steven J.
Published: August 2017

Scope

Diets rich in tomato products are associated with a reduced risk of various chronic disease processes. The carotenoid lycopene is most intensely studied as the bioactive mediating health effects, yet tomatoes contain an array of phytochemicals. An untargeted metabolomics study is conducted on blood plasma to identify novel markers of tomato consumption absorbed from the diet and released into the bloodstream in mice.

Methods and results

Male mice are fed a control AIN‐93G diet or the same diet supplemented with 0.25 % lycopene beadlets, or 10 % freeze‐dried red tomato, tangerine tomato, or low‐carotenoid tomato for 4 weeks. Untargeted UHPLC‐QTOF‐MS data acquisition and differential analysis of plasma metabolites reveals several structurally related deglycosylated tomato steroidal alkaloids, including tomatidine and hydroxylated/desaturated derivatives, in plasma after the consumption of all three tomato varieties. Additionally, plasma metabolite profiles reflect glycoalkaloid forms found in the tomato diets.

Conclusion

Dietary tomato glycoalkaloids are cleaved during digestion to aglycones and further metabolized post‐absorption. Steroidal alkaloids in plasma may serve as novel and specific biomarkers of tomato consumption and represent a class of phytochemical metabolites that could potentially have in vivo bioactivity impacting health and disease processes.
Prophylactic stretching does not reduce cramp susceptibility
Authors: Miller Kevin C. , Harsen James D. , Long Blaine C.
Published: August 2017

Introduction: Some clinicians advocate stretching to prevent muscle cramps. It is unknown whether static or proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation (PNF) stretching increases cramp threshold frequency (TFc), a quantitative measure of cramp susceptibility. Methods: Fifteen individuals completed this randomized, counterbalanced, cross‐over study. We measured passive hallux range of motion (ROM) and then performed 3 minutes of either static stretching, PNF stretching (hold–relax—with agonist contraction), or no stretching. ROM was reassessed and TFc was measured. Results: PNF stretching increased hallux extension (pre‐PNF 81 ± 11°, post‐PNF 90 ± 10°; P < 0.05) but not hallux flexion (pre‐PNF 40 ± 7°, post‐PNF 40 ± 7°; P > 0.05). Static stretching increased hallux extension (pre‐static 80 ± 11°, post‐static 88 ± 9°; P < 0.05) but not hallux flexion (pre‐static 38 ± 9°, post‐static 39 ± 8°; P > 0.05). No ROM changes occurred with no stretching (P > 0.05). TFc was unaffected by stretching (no stretching 18 ± 7 Hz, PNF 16 ± 4 Hz, static 16 ± 5 Hz; P = 0.37). Discussion: Static and PNF stretching increased hallux extension, but neither increased TFc. Acute stretching may not prevent muscle cramping. Muscle Nerve 57: 473–477, 2018
The Nature, Development, and Effects of Elementary Students’ Reading Motivation Profiles
Authors: Schiefele Ulrich , Löweke Sebastian
Published: August 2017

The present study employed a longitudinal person‐centered approach to examine the profiles of reading motivation in a sample of 405 elementary school students who were tested in grades 3 and 4. Two dimensions of intrinsic reading motivation (involvement and curiosity) and two dimensions of extrinsic reading motivation (recognition and competition) were considered. Latent profile analyses revealed the same set of four profiles across third and fourth grades: high intrinsic (i.e., high on involvement and curiosity, low on recognition and competition), high involvement (i.e., high on involvement, low on the remaining dimensions), high quantity (high on all dimensions), and moderate quantity (low to moderate on all dimensions). Further results showed that 35% of the students changed their profile membership from third to fourth grade. We particularly observed an increased probability of students in the high‐quantity, moderate‐quantity, and high‐involvement profiles to move to the high‐intrinsic profile. Finally, the moderate‐quantity profile proved to be significantly lower in reading amount than the other groups that did not differ significantly. Pertaining to reading comprehension, however, the two intrinsic profiles outperformed both the high‐ and moderate‐quantity groups. The latter finding emphasizes the particular importance of intrinsic reading motivation.
Satellite remote sensing of ecosystem functions: opportunities, challenges and way forward
Authors: Pettorelli Nathalie , Schulte to Bühne Henrike , Tulloch Ayesha , Dubois Grégoire , Macinnis‐Ng Cate , Queirós Ana M. , Keith David A. , Wegmann Martin , Schrodt Franziska , Stellmes Marion , Sonnenschein Ruth , Geller Gary N. , Roy Shovonlal , Somers Ben , Murray Nicholas , Bland Lucie , Geijzendorffer Ilse , Kerr Jeremy T. , Broszeit Stefanie , Leitão Pedro J. , Duncan Clare , El Serafy Ghada , He Kate S. , Blanchard Julia L. , Lucas Richard , Mairota Paola , Webb Thomas J. , Nicholson Emily
Published: August 2017

Societal, economic and scientific interests in knowing where biodiversity is, how it is faring and what can be done to efficiently mitigate further biodiversity loss and the associated loss of ecosystem services are at an all‐time high. So far, however, biodiversity monitoring has primarily focused on structural and compositional features of ecosystems despite growing evidence that ecosystem functions are key to elucidating the mechanisms through which biological diversity generates services to humanity. This monitoring gap can be traced to the current lack of consensus on what exactly ecosystem functions are and how to track them at scales beyond the site level. This contribution aims to advance the development of a global biodiversity monitoring strategy by proposing the adoption of a set of definitions and a typology for ecosystem functions, and reviewing current opportunities and potential limitations for satellite remote sensing technology to support the monitoring of ecosystem functions worldwide. By clearly defining ecosystem processes, functions and services and their interrelationships, we provide a framework to improve communication between ecologists, land and marine managers, remote sensing specialists and policy makers, thereby addressing a major barrier in the field.
Consistency of the generalized likelihood ratio test for heteroscedastic normal mixtures
Authors: Jiang Wenhua
Published: August 2017

We study a generalized likelihood ratio test for heteroscedastic normal mixtures. The test is based on the generalized maximum likelihood estimator in the context of demixing. We prove that the test is consistent throughout the detectable region of the sparse heteroscedastic mixtures. The test requires specification of a lower bound for the variances. We study the effect of the misspecification of the lower bound. It turns out that the misspecification does not have an adverse effect on the power of the test. We demonstrate the satisfactory power of the test in detecting non‐null component by comparing with several state‐of‐the‐art procedures. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Estimating the Values of Mortality Risk Reductions in Low- and Middle-Income Countries
Authors: Robinson Lisa A.
Published: August 2017

The value of small changes in mortality risks, generally expressed as the value per statistical life, is an important parameter in benefit-cost analysis. However, little is known about the values held by populations in low- and middle-income countries. This article introduces a symposium that includes three additional articles which explore related theory and research.
Numerical and experimental investigation of oblique shock wave reflection off a water wedge
Authors: Wan Q. , Jeon H. , Deiterding R. , Eliasson V.
Published: August 2017

Shock wave interaction with solid wedges has been an area of much research in past decades, but so far very few results have been obtained for shock wave reflection off liquid wedges. In this study, numerical simulations are performed using the inviscid Euler equations and the stiffened gas equation of state to study the transition angles, reflection patterns and triple point trajectory angles of shock reflection off solid and water wedges. Experiments using an inclined shock tube are also performed and schlieren photography results are compared to simulations. Results show that the transition angles for the water wedge cases are within 5.3 % and 9.2 %, for simulations and experiments respectively, compared to results obtained with the theoretical detachment criterion for solid surfaces. Triple point trajectory angles are measured and compared with analytic solutions, agreement within $1.3^{\circ }$ is shown for the water wedge cases. The transmitted wave in the water observed in the simulation is quantitatively studied, and two different scenarios are found. For low incident shock Mach numbers, $M_{s}=1.2$ and 2, no shock wave is formed in the water but a precursor wave is induced ahead of the incident shock wave and passes the information from the water back into the air. For high incident shock Mach numbers, $M_{s}=3$ and 4, precursor waves no longer appear but instead a shock wave is formed in the water and attached to the Mach stem at every instant. The temperature field in the water is measured in the simulation. For strong incident shock waves, e.g. $M_{s}=4$, the temperature increment in the water is up to 7.3 K.
Velocity distribution around a sphere descending in a linearly stratified fluid
Authors: Okino Shinya , Akiyama Shinsaku , Hanazaki Hideshi
Published: August 2017

The flow around a sphere descending at constant speed in a salt-stratified fluid is observed by particle image velocimetry. A unique characteristic of this flow is the appearance of a thin and high-speed rear jet whose maximum velocity can reach more than five times the sphere velocity. In this study we have investigated how the velocity distributions, especially those in the jet and in the boundary layer of the sphere, vary when the Froude number $Fr(=W^{\ast }/N^{\ast }a^{\ast })$ or the Reynolds number $Re(=W^{\ast }(2a^{\ast })/\unicode[STIX]{x1D708}^{\ast })$ ($W^{\ast }$: vertical velocity of the sphere, $N^{\ast }$: Brunt–Väisälä frequency, $a^{\ast }$: radius of the sphere, $\unicode[STIX]{x1D708}^{\ast }$: kinematic viscosity of the fluid) is changed. The results show that the radius of the jet and the thickness of the boundary layer are comparable, and they decrease for smaller Froude numbers and larger Reynolds numbers. Both of them are estimated at moderate Reynolds numbers by the primitive length scale of the stratified fluid ($l_{\unicode[STIX]{x1D708}}^{\ast }=\sqrt{\unicode[STIX]{x1D708}^{\ast }/N^{\ast }}$), or in non-dimensional form by $l_{\unicode[STIX]{x1D708}}^{\ast }/2a^{\ast }=(Fr/2Re)^{1/2}$. The overall velocity distribution in the lee of the sphere is measured to identify the internal wave patterns and their effect on the velocity variation along the jet. Corresponding numerical simulation results using the axisymmetry assumption are in agreement with the experimental results.
Direct numerical simulations of the flow around wings with spanwise waviness
Authors: Serson Douglas , Meneghini Julio R. , Sherwin Spencer J.
Published: August 2017

The use of spanwise waviness in wings has been proposed in the literature as a possible mechanism for obtaining improved aerodynamic characteristics, motivated by the tubercles that cover the leading edge of the pectoral flippers of the humpback whale. We investigate the effect of this type of waviness on the incompressible flow around infinite wings with a NACA0012 profile, using direct numerical simulations employing the spectral/hp method. Simulations were performed for Reynolds numbers of $Re=10\,000$ and $Re=50\,000$, considering different angles of attack in both the pre-stall and post-stall regimes. The results show that the waviness can either increase or decrease the lift coefficient, depending on the particular $Re$ and flow regime. We observe that the flow around the wavy wing exhibits a tendency to remain attached behind the waviness peak, with separation restricted to the troughs, which is consistent with results from the literature. Then, we identify three important physical mechanisms in this flow. The first mechanism is the weakening of the suction peak on the sections corresponding to the waviness peaks. This characteristic had been observed in a previous investigation for a very low Reynolds number of $Re=1000$, and we show that this is still important even at $Re=50\,000$. As a second mechanism, the waviness has a significant effect on the stability of the separated shear layers, with transition occurring earlier for the wavy wing. In the pre-stall regime, for $Re=10\,000$, the flow around the baseline wing is completely laminar, and the earlier transition leads to a large increase in the lift coefficient, while for $Re=50\,000$, the earlier transition leads to a shortening of the separation bubble which does not lead to an increased lift coefficient. The last mechanism corresponds to a sub-harmonic behaviour, with the flow being notably different between subsequent wavelengths. This allows the wing to maintain higher lift coefficients in some portions of the span.
Spatial aggregation in small spring-fed tributaries leads to a potential metapopulation structure in a parasitic fish leech
Authors: KATAHIRA HIROTAKA , YAMAZAKI CHITOSE , FUKUI SHO , AYER CHRISTOPHER G. , KOIZUMI ITSURO
Published: August 2017

Large-bodied ectoparasites are often observed only in low numbers in the field. How such rarely found parasites persist and maintain viable populations has been an intriguing question inadequately addressed. The simplest hypothesis is the existence of distribution hot spots, and another, but not mutually exclusive, possibility is a form of metapopulation structure where local populations are effectively connected via dispersal. In this study, we conducted an intensive epidemiological survey of a piscicolid leech Taimenobdella amurensis to elucidate spatial population structure and potential dispersal of this rarely found parasite. Four years of potential-host screening (n = 20 664) from 28 tributaries and 10 main stem reaches in a mountain river system of Hokkaido, northern Japan, revealed that occurrences of T. amurensis (n = 1348) were confined to spring-fed tributaries. Since most spring-fed tributaries were small (<1 km in length), it would seem to be unlikely for the ectoparasite to form a persistent local population in each tributary. The main host fish was Dolly Varden charr, which is known to disperse among neighbouring tributaries. These findings suggest that, along with the host, the ectoparasite displays a potential metapopulation structure, in which host-dependent dispersion may overcome local extinction by keeping the local populations connected.
A High-Resolution Foreground Model for the MWA EoR1 Field: Model and Implications for EoR Power Spectrum Analysis
Authors: Procopio P. , Wayth R. B. , Line J. , Trott C. M. , Intema H. T. , Mitchell D. A. , Pindor B. , Riding J. , Tingay S. J. , Bell M. E. , Callingham J. R. , Dwarakanath K. S. , For Bi-Qing , Gaensler B. M. , Hancock P. J. , Hindson L. , Hurley-Walker N. , Johnston-Hollitt M. , Kapińska A. D. , Lenc E. , McKinley B. , Morgan J. , Offringa A. , Staveley-Smith L. , Wu Chen , Zheng Q.
Published: August 2017

The current generation of experiments aiming to detect the neutral hydrogen signal from the Epoch of Reionisation (EoR) is likely to be limited by systematic effects associated with removing foreground sources from target fields. In this paper, we develop a model for the compact foreground sources in one of the target fields of the MWA’s EoR key science experiment: the ‘EoR1’ field. The model is based on both the MWA’s GLEAM survey and GMRT 150 MHz data from the TGSS survey, the latter providing higher angular resolution and better astrometric accuracy for compact sources than is available from the MWA alone. The model contains 5 049 sources, some of which have complicated morphology in MWA data, Fornax A being the most complex. The higher resolution data show that 13% of sources that appear point-like to the MWA have complicated morphology such as double and quad structure, with a typical separation of 33 arcsec. We derive an analytic expression for the error introduced into the EoR two-dimensional power spectrum due to peeling close double sources as single point sources and show that for the measured source properties, the error in the power spectrum is confined to highk⊥modes that do not affect the overall result for the large-scale cosmological signal of interest. The brightest 10 mis-modelled sources in the field contribute 90% of the power bias in the data, suggesting that it is most critical to improve the models of the brightest sources. With this hybrid model, we reprocess data from the EoR1 field and show a maximum of 8% improved calibration accuracy and a factor of two reduction in residual power ink-space from peeling these sources. Implications for future EoR experiments including the SKA are discussed in relation to the improvements obtained.
A SPECIAL CLASS OF QUASI-CYCLIC CODES
Authors: SHI MINJIA , TANG JIE , GE MAORONG , SOK LIN , SOLÉ PATRICK
Published: August 2017

We study a special class of quasi-cyclic codes, obtained from a cyclic code over an extension field of the alphabet field by taking its image on a basis. When the basis is equal to its dual, the dual code admits the same construction. We give some examples of self-dual codes and LCD codes obtained in this way.
Huguenot Refugees and the Meaning of Charity in Early New England
Authors: Weimer Adrian Chastain
Published: August 2017

Huguenot suffering inspired fast days, prayer meetings, and collections among Congregationalists in Massachusetts and Plymouth in the 1680s. Ministers used a variety of frameworks to motivate compassion for the French refugees. Some preachers considered the French plight to be the result of an Antichristian attack, one that might soon spread to New England. Others assumed Huguenot suffering generally was a result of their sinful neglect of the Sabbath, and that compassion and honor should extend to those who suffered cheerfully while upholding disciplined purity. As suspicions mounted that there were French Catholic spies within the refugee communities and local harassment increased, the prominent Huguenot minister Ezekiel Carré advocated an alternate framework for Christian charity. In his remarkable sermon,The Charitable Samaritan, Carré shifted the meaning of charity from an apocalyptic framework to one centered on active mercy for the wounded regardless of sect or nationality. A friend of Carré’s and Huguenot supporter, Cotton Mather incorporated Carré’s interpretation of the Samaritan story into his magisterial Bible commentary. Though always contested, Huguenot practices and rhetoric broadened the conversation over the meaning of charity in early New England.
New observations on reproduction in the branching polychaetes Ramisyllis multicaudata and Syllis ramosa (Annelida: Syllidae: Syllinae)
Authors: Schroeder Paul C. , Aguado M. Teresa , Malpartida Allyson , Glasby Christopher J.
Published: August 2017

Reproduction in the shallow-water, sponge-dwelling, branching syllid Ramisyllis multicaudata exhibits several features unique among syllids and among annelids in general. We describe and illustrate the segmental asymmetry which intervenes between regions of symmetry, only found in branching annelids. We describe the morphology of the stolons and of the stolon stalks, which are unique to branching syllids but differ in detail from those of the other known branching syllid, Syllis ramosa. We also illustrate newly found paddle-shaped chaetae, which might indicate that these stolons do swim. We list the number of branch points and termini in an effort to gauge the extent of branching in a worm contained in a small sponge. The species appears to have separate sexes, but this cannot be proven. We compare R. multicaudata and S. ramosa as originally described and find new morphological differences between the branching syllid from Japan described as S. ramosa and R. multicaudata. We also compare the known stolons of branching syllids to those of other genera of the ‘ribbon clade’, a group including Trypanobia and Trypanosyllis, now known to be close relatives of R. multicaudata. Ramisyllis multicaudata is the first member of the ribbon clade, and one of few Syllinae, known to have sexually dimorphic stolons.
Laonicespecies (Polychaeta, Spionidae) from the Whittard Canyon (NE Atlantic) with descriptions of two new species
Authors: Sikorski Andrey , Gunton Laetitia M. , Pavlova Lyudmila
Published: August 2017

Four species ofLaonice(Annelida: Spionidae) were collected from the lower bathyal depths (3300–3700 m) in the Whittard Canyon, NE Atlantic. Two are herewith described as new species:Laonice whittardensissp. nov. andLaonice nataesp. nov. The other two areLaonice blakeiSikorski & Jirkov, 1988 andLaonice magnacristataMaciolek, 2000.Laonice whittardensishas genital pouches appearing from chaetiger 3, prostomium free of peristomium and bidentate hooks.Laonice nataebelongs to the subgenusAppelloefianov. with prostomium distinct from the peristomium, more than two vertical rows of capillaries in several anterior chaetigers, genital pouches present on a limited number of segments or totally absent. However, the absence of pronounced anterior widening of the body together with anterior branchiae, which are remarkably (nearly twice) longer than the notopodial postchaetal lobes, the narrow lanceolate notopodial postchaetal lobes, the pronounced pointedness of all postchaetal lobes (both notopodial and neuropodial) in the anterior half of body at least, and absence of genital pouches and the size of the body all distinguishL. nataefrom other species belonging to this subgenus. An identification key to all nine known deep-water (>400 m depth)Laonicespecies in North Atlantic is given and four previously recognized sub-generic groups are formally named:Laonice, Sarsianasubgen. nov.,Appelloefiasubgen. nov.,Norgensiasubgen. nov.
Assessing the ecological quality of the Port Blair coast (South Andaman, India) using different suites of benthic biotic indices
Authors: Equbal Jawed , Thiruchitrambalam Ganesh , Lakra Raj Kiran , Savurirajan M. , Satyam Kunal
Published: August 2017

Six benthic biotic indices (Shannon–WienerH′log2, W-statistics, BOPA, BENTIX, AMBI and M-AMBI), based on different ecological principles, were applied to assess the health of variously disturbed tropical intertidal habitats of the Port Blair coastline. A total of 243 replicate samples were collected during the dry period (January, February and March) of 2014–2016. Temperature, salinity, dissolved oxygen, sediment pH, total organic matter content and texture were analysed. A high mean abundance of opportunistic species (Orbiniasp. 748,Capitella singularis237 andArmandiasp. 114 ind. m−2) was observed at Phoenix Bay, a gradual decline in diversity at Junglighat and a comparatively high diversity and moderate biomass at Wandoor, reflecting a human pressure gradient. Results showed an annual decline of benthic quality from 2014 to 2016 (good to moderate). Overall BOPA failed to distinguish the magnitude of disturbances, while the rest of the indices classified the benthic quality from undisturbed/high (WD), slightly disturbed/good (JG), to moderately disturbed/moderate to poor (PB). The subjective analysis demonstrated that the urban centres corresponded to disturbed benthic communities of dominant first and second order opportunistic species, while sensitive (EGI) and indifferent (EGII) were associated with the least disturbed or undisturbed site. The study successfully demonstrated the performance of temperate indices in intertidal habitats against the mild organic enrichment. However, for an effective assessment, setting natural reference conditions and sampling in stable dry periods (strong seasonality in tropics) is desirable. In order to test the performance of biotic indices, a long-term monitoring approach of taking abiotic and biotic descriptors into account is recommended.
A new species ofCirrophorus(Annelida: Paraonidae) from Mediterranean organically enriched coastal environments, with taxonomic notes on the family
Authors: Langeneck Joachim , Barbieri Michele , Maltagliati Ferruccio , Castelli Alberto
Published: August 2017

Cirrophorus nikebianchiisp. nov. is described from brackish-water and organically enriched marine environments of the Mediterranean Sea. The new species is characterized by a very small prostomial antenna and a high number of branchiae pairs. A phylogenetic analysis carried out through the use of three molecular markers (16S rRNA, 18S rRNA and COI) supports the distinction betweenC. nikebianchiiandC. furcatus, a closely related species with which it has been misidentified. Preliminary results obtained show that the generaCirrophorus andParadoneisare not reciprocally monophyletic, with uncertain relationships with the remaining genera of Paraonidae. This outcome suggests that the evolutionary history of Paraonidae is less straightforward than previously supposed. Moreover, the uncertainty about the taxonomic status ofParaonides neapolitana, type species of the genusParaonides, makes the revamping of the taxonomy of Paraonidae more challenging. Awaiting support from studies including more species, and based on morphological and genetic data as well, we suggest to provisionally maintain the current use ofCirrophorusandParadoneis, and to assign toParaonellathe species traditionally assigned toParaonides.
The invasion of the genus Marenzelleria (Polychaeta: Spionidae) into the Don River mouth and the Taganrog Bay: morphological and genetic study
Authors: Syomin Vitaly , Sikorski Andrey , Bastrop Ralf , Köhler Nicole , Stradomsky Boris , Fomina Elena , Matishov Dmitry
Published: August 2017

Alien polychaetes belonging to the genus Marenzelleria were recorded from the mouth of the Don River and Taganrog Bay in the Sea of Azov in February–March 2014. Morphological characteristics varied greatly and matched those of two species: M. neglecta and M. arctia. Some individuals did not match the descriptions of both species. A genetic study using different sequences (primarily COI, but also 16S, 28S, cytb and nuclear histone 3a) showed that only M. neglecta was present despite some morphological mismatches. A morphological description of the species according to the new data is presented, together with a revised table of variability of the key numeric characters. Since 2014, Marenzelleria has spread swiftly and become dominant in a considerable part of the Taganrog Bay, making up to 91% of the total abundance/biomass (6800 ind. m−2 and 31.2 g m−2, respectively). Monodominant sites were also present. Its occurrence is 100% in recent surveys. Such a sharp increase seems to be due to a lack of detritophages in the bay; this is supported by the fact that M. neglecta has not formed its specific assemblage. The community structure, if M. neglecta is excluded, is equal to that before the invasion. In the Sea of Azov itself, M. neglecta is not as abundant, but occurs up to the Strait of Kertch and at some sites in the Black Sea. Its spread further into the Black Sea seems possible, as well as into the Caspian Sea via the Volga-Don Canal.
The ‘Perfect Person’ conception of God, versus the traditional conception: is the difference so great?
Authors: ROBINSON HOWARD
Published: August 2017

Various contemporary philosophers, with Richard Swinburne prominent amongst them, have abandoned the traditional philosophical conception of God, according to which He is absolutely simple and eternal (as opposed to sempiternal). These contemporary philosophers conceive of Him as a ‘perfect person’, immaterial, but with human-type virtues in a superhuman degree. I argue that, whilst this development is probably mistaken, nevertheless the traditionalist critics perhaps sometimes exaggerate the differences between these conceptions – except on the crucial issue of God's eternity.
“The story I must tell”:“Jingle Bells”in the Minstrel Repertoire
Authors: Hamill Kyna
Published: August 2017

The narrative works extremely hard to convince through evidence: we have a date, an eyewitness, and the events that inspired the song's conception. Since it is written in bronze and mounted on stone, the story seems fixed and immovable. However, cracks have begun to form in the beloved “Jingle Bells” narrative, and as with many such sentimental stories, we find there is always more to uncover. This essay confronts one of the most popular Christmas carols of all time: “Jingle Bells; or, The One Horse Open Sleigh,” whose history has usually been told in relation to a singular event—“Where was it first written?” The answer depends on where you ask, since both Medford, Massachusetts and Savannah, Georgia lay claim to being the song's city of origin. Commemorative plaques can be found in both cities, and this musical North–South discord carries on to this day.
TESTING FOR WEAK SEPARABILITY USING STOCHASTIC SEMI-NONPARAMETRIC TESTS: AN EMPIRICAL STUDY ON US DATA
Authors: Mattson Ryan S. , de Peretti Philippe
Published: August 2017

In this paper, we use the weak separability criterion to check for the existence of six different monetary aggregates reported by the Center of Financial Stability (CFS). We implement an extended version of the semi-nonparametric tests introduced by Barnett and de Peretti on US monthly data from January 1967 to December 2012. The test, first, checks for the necessary existence conditions of an overall utility function and a monetary subutility function, and then tests for the separability of the latter. On different subsamples, our results suggest that only the DM1 aggregate meets the separability criterion. Implemented on macroeconomic data, we have tested a joint assumption about separability and the existence of a representative agent. Thus, the rejection of the null could also be due to the rejection of stringent Gorman's conditions. More advanced tests for weak separability are clearly required to confirm the results found in this paper.
Editorial: 29th International conference on logic programming special issue – ADDENDUM
Authors: LAMMA EVELINA , SWIFT TERRANCE
Published: August 2017

The links to the online only Technical Communications in Lamma and Swift (2013) are unfortunately broken. All of the Technical Communications can be found here:

https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/theory-and-practice-of-logic-programming/article/editorial-29th-international-conference-on-logic-programming-special-issue/82FDD81073DC30A563ED242516CADAAE#fndtn-supplementary-materials
Internet Forums for Suicide Bereavement
Authors: Bailey Eleanor , Krysinska Karolina , O'Dea Bridianne , Robinson Jo
Published: August 2017

Abstract. Background: Bereavement by suicide is associated with a number of consequences including poor mental health outcomes and increased suicide risk. Despite this, the bereaved by suicide may be reluctant to seek help from friends, family, and professionals. Internet forums and social networking sites are a popular avenue of support for the bereaved, but to date there is a lack of research into their use and efficacy. Aims: To survey users of suicide bereavement Internet forums and Facebook groups regarding their help-seeking behaviors, use of forums, and perceived benefits and limitations of such use. Method: This study employed a cross-sectional design in which users of suicide bereavement Internet forums and Facebook groups completed an anonymous online survey. Results: Participants were 222 users of suicide bereavement Internet forums. Most participants (93.2%) had sought face-to-face help from sources other than Internet forums, but were more likely to seek help in the near future from informal rather than formal sources. Forums were perceived as highly beneficial and there were few limitations. Limitations: The generalizability of these results to other internet forums may be limited. Additionally, we were not able to examine differences between forums in terms of quality or user-reported efficacy. Finally, the data reflects the subjective views of forum users, which may differ from the views of moderators or experts. Conclusion: Internet forums, including Facebook groups, appear to be a useful adjunct to face-to-face help-seeking for supporting those who have been bereaved by suicide.