bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Gentrification and the Right to the Geomedia City
Authors: Hartmann Maren , Jansson André
Published: May 2022

This article introduces the special issue “Gentrification and the right to the geomedia city.” The aim of the special issue is to make up for the lack of research on how gentrification is shaped and underpinned by the normalization of various media platforms that currently define urban life—and what these media mean to the resistance to gentrification. Building on the seven contributions that make up the special issue, this article introduces the concept of the geomedia city as a discriminatory regime of dwelling. The geomedia city refers not only to the digital infrastructures built into urban environments—circulating and embedding data—but more crucially to the social and cultural dynamics whereby certain norms, skills, and forms of capital (and thus people) are legitimized (or marginalized) in the city. As such, geomedia constitutes a territorializing force that lubricates urban displacement processes by defining who has the right to belong where.
Dumpster Diving: Aquatic Leisure, DIY Aesthetics, and Performance of Public Space in Macro Sea’s Mobile Pools
Authors: Jahanmir Yasmine Marie
Published: May 2022

In August 2010, as part of Summer Streets, a citywide initiative to celebrate “New York City’s most valuable public space [its streets],” the Department of Transportation installed three mobile pools, made from dumpsters, on Park Avenue between 40th and 41st streets. The choice of dumpster swimming pools as keystone attractions for 2010 Summer Streets is not only testament to the need for a summer cool-down but also participates in the long history that public pools have played in urban planning as markers of a community’s health and well-being. Through tracing the mobile pools’ connections to the Do-It-Yourself (DIY)-aesthetic practice and public swimming pool history, I argue that although the dumpster pools were intended as a popular intervention to reconfigure socio-spatial relationships, the effectiveness of that intervention was varied. The pools recapitulated notions of private leisure and failed to participate in the actual city surroundings—allowing privileged participants to perform an ethical commitment to re-use and public good without promoting change for the actual communities in need.
Providing access to high-quality, low-cost medicines across low and middle-income countries (LMICs), working with governments and generic manufacturers around the globe - A business case
Authors: Alton Gregg , Samuel Clifford , Reddi Anand
Published: May 2022

Background

Gilead Sciences, under Dr. John Martin’s leadership, created its Global Access Program to deliver high-quality, affordable medicines to treat and ultimately eliminate some of the world’s most challenging-to-treat, pervasive, life-limiting diseases not as philanthropy but based on a self-sustaining business model—a highly novel concept in the pharmaceutical realm. John was determined to bring together all key stakeholders from public health officials to doctors and patients around the globe to understand barriers and opportunities in HIV, viral hepatitis, and visceral leishmaniasis (VL) and in so doing, pushed the Gilead team to devise novel strategies to address healthcare disparities in resource-challenged geographies.

Purpose

This case study provides an overview of the evolution and impact of the Gilead Access to Medicines Program in providing treatments for HIV in low- and lower middle-income countries.
The association between self-reported psychosomatic complaints and bullying victimisation and disability among adolescents in Finland and Sweden
Authors: Bjereld Ylva , Augustine Lilly , Turner Russell , Löfstedt Petra , Ng Kwok
Published: May 2022

Aim:

To analyse the associations between bullying victimisation, disability, and self-reported psychosomatic complaints in adolescents, and to investigate the role of support from parents and teachers in such associations.

Methods:

The study was based on Finnish and Swedish data from two waves (2013/2014 and 2017/2018) of the Health Behaviour in School-aged Children survey ( n=16,057). Descriptive statistics were produced for four groups of adolescents: (a) bullied with disabilities; (b) not bullied with disabilities; (c) bullied without disabilities; and (d) not bullied without disabilities (reference group). Two multilevel multinomial logistic regression models were performed for the Finnish and Swedish samples separately. The first model analysed associations between psychosomatic complaints and bullying victimisation, controlling for a range of confounders. The second model analysed associations between psychosomatic complaints and social support from parents and teachers.

Results:

Across both countries, bullied adolescents with disabilities were more likely to self-report psychosomatic complaints than the reference group, even after adjusting for other potential confounders. Teacher support was identified as a potential protective factor as the odds ratio for psychosomatic complaints decreased when including teacher support as a factor in the model. The association with parent support showed mixed findings in Finland and Sweden.

Conclusions:

Disability in combination with bullying victimisation generated the highest levels of self-reported psychosomatic complaints compared to adolescents that were not bullied nor had disabilities. High teacher support may be a protective factor against psychosomatic complaints for bullied and/or disabled adolescents.
Constructing alternative facts: Populist expertise and the QAnon conspiracy
Authors: Marwick Alice E , Partin William Clyde
Published: May 2022

Communication research is increasingly concerned with the relationship between epistemological fragmentation and polarization. Even so, explanations for why partisans take up fringe beliefs are limited. This article examines the right-wing conspiracy QAnon, which posits that the anonymous poster “Q” is a Trump administration insider who encourages followers (“Bakers”) to research hidden truths behind current events. Drawing on qualitative fieldwork on the 8chan imageboard, we position baking as a collective, knowledge-making activity built on the affordances of social media designed to construct specific facts and theories that maintain QAnon’s cohesion over time. Bakers demonstrate populist expertise, the rejection of legacy media accounts of current events in favor of the “alternative facts” constructed through their systematic research programs. We emphasize the politically ambivalent nature of participatory culture and argue that baking casts doubt on critical thinking or media literacy as solutions to “post-truth” dilemmas like hyperpartisan media and disinformation.
Surface and mechanical characterization of bionanocomposites for advanced applications: A review
Authors: Kurukavak Çisem Kırbıyık
Published: May 2022

In recent years, nanocomposites prepared by dispersing biopolymer with nanofillers (bionanocomposites) have attracted a growing attention, since they present remarkable electrical, optical, mechanical and thermal properties, which make them useful for various technological applications. However, the understanding of the diversity of application areas of bionanocomposites can only be specified by advanced characterization techniques. As well known, the illumination of the main characteristics of bionanocomposites makes them more eligible for their potential use. Therefore, the characterization techniques given in this review fall into the two main categories: the morphological and mechanical characterizations. Morphological characterization techniques presented include the most popular techniques atomic force microscopy, scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy. Mechanical characterization techniques presented here include tensile test and dynamic mechanical analysis. Additionally, thermal stability bionanocomposites determined by thermogravimetric analysis is briefly touched.
Patterns of compliance with COVID-19 preventive measures among the public in Qatar and Kuwait
Authors: Lari Noora , Al-Thani Noor
Published: May 2022

Policy responses to the COVID-19 pandemic are assessed by documenting the public’s perception, knowledge, and adherence to preventive behaviors to mitigate the spread of the virus. Using an online survey administered in both Qatar and Kuwait, this article examines the associated state-mandated compliance measures experienced by citizens and expats during the outbreak of COVID-19. The survey measured public attitudes, behavioral responses, and compliance with state-mandated preventive measures. The study showed that individuals were well informed about the pandemic, yet controversy exists concerning compliance with control measures to contain the virus, which continue to be challenged on the basis of multiple individual-level factors. These findings raise the imperative need to call for governments’ transparent communications with the public regarding information disclosure measures to gain public attention and trust, which are essential to strategic planning success.
A Systematic Review on Improving the Family Experience After Consent for Deceased Organ Donation
Authors: Bjelland Sonja , Jones Krista
Published: May 2022

Introduction

The demand for transplanted organs outweighs the supply and intensifies the need to improve care for donor families. Studies have shown inadequate care by hospital staff can increase posttraumatic stress disorder and complicated grief in these families but putting solutions into practice remains slow.

Objective

This systematic review identified factors that relieve or contribute to distress for deceased organ donor families in the time since the decision to donate. Additionally, it provides insights into potential improvements at public health, educational, and health system levels to address these deficiencies.

Methods

Search terms included organ don*, famil* or relati*, family-centered, grief, and experience*. The search covered original research articles, published in English, from 2014 to July 2021.

Results

Four key themes emerged among the studies. (a) Understanding factors that affect the emotional aftermath can help staff prevent posttraumatic stress disorder and complicated grief. (b) Improving communication by hospital staff includes: avoiding medical jargon, providing adequate audio and visual explanations, and understanding that the next of kin is struggling to comprehend the tragedy and the information they are being told. (c) End-of-life care such as memory making, bringing in palliative care resources, and parting ceremonies can assist with familial coping as well as staff interactions. (d) Families want more support in the months and years after the donation decision.

Discussion

Changes at multiple levels can improve the quality of care for families whose relative gave the gift of life, but more research and translation into practice are needed.
Antibacterial easy adjustable woven compression bandage for venous leg ulcers
Authors: Aboalasaad Abdelhamid R , Khan Muhammad Z , Sirková Brigita K , Wiener Jakub , Šlamborová Irena , Khalil Amany S , Hassanin Ahmed H.
Published: May 2022

The proposed study aims in first part to discuss the structure and behavior of short-stretch cotton woven compression bandage (WCB), and in second part the production and properties of multifunctional WCB. The bandage includes an integrated tension sensor, which causes a change in the spacing of colored threads during its deformation. The motivation of this research was to investigate the optimum techniques for compression therapy using a modified construction of cotton WCB as a tensiometer. The aim of second part is focused on an industrial product which has the easy adjustable compression and antibacterial properties. Multifunctional WCB can be produced by two methods, the first was using highly twisted warp yarns (ply twist 1800 to 2200 twist/m) and the weft yarns will be treated with silver Nano-particles (NPs). The second method was post-treatment of the WCB with three concentrations of zinc oxide NPs 1–3 % in powder form with 15 g/L acrylic binder. Silver NPs coated yarns showed a comparable antibacterial activity on both tested bacterial strains ( Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus) using quantitative and qualitative test methods. The WCB tested samples achieved 95–99% bacteria reduction, the nanoparticles size and its distribution were confirmed by the Zetasizer Nano, the scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and the energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDXS). The practical bandage pressure by PicoPress showed significant deviations compared with theoretical pressure calculated by Laplace’s equation ranges ±0.68 to ±15.64% especially at the highest extension levels.
Chitosan and nano-TiO2 coating improves the flame retardancy of dyed and undyed denim fabrics by increasing the charring
Authors: Becenen Nilgün , Erdoğan Sevil
Published: May 2022

In this study, chitosan is obtained from the waste shells of crayfish ( Astacus leptodactylus) and characterized. The crayfish chitosan was coated on cotton fabrics using the padding-drying method. The surface properties, flammability and water and air permeability properties of these coatings based on chitosan and a combination of chitosan and nano-TiO2 were determined. The weight of green calico fabric increased to 24.76% after coating with chitosan, while the weight of the blue dyed denim fabric increased to 5.19%. The chitosan coating increased the tear strength of the calico fabric by 20% in the weft direction. Thermogravimetric analysis and vertical burning tests show that chitosan improves the thermal resistance and flame retardancy performance of denim fabrics. While the amount of residue due to thermal degradation of the blue dyed denim fabric was 16.78%, it increased to 34% after coating with chitosan+nano-TiO2. The chitosan coating reduced the mass loss caused by thermal degradation in green calico fabric from 86.3% to 66.0%. Chitosan also improved the post-flame combustion performance of fabrics. While the ember burning time is decreased to 6s in the chitosan-coated dyed calico fabric, this did not occur in the chitosan+nano-TiO2-coated dyed denim fabric.
Postmastectomy Radiotherapy Improves Survival Benefits in De Novo Stage IV Breast Cancer: A Propensity-Score Matched Analysis
Authors: Wang Xiaojuan , Liang Ning , Tian Tiantian , Zhang Jiandong , Hu Pingping
Published: May 2022

Purpose The role of postmastectomy radiotherapy (PMRT) in patients with de novo stage IV breast cancer is unclear. This study aimed to evaluate the value of PMRT for metastatic breast cancer who underwent a modified radical mastectomy. Methods: Data on de novo stage IV breast cancer patients who received modified radical mastectomy between 2010 and 2015 were retrieved from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database. Propensity score matching (PSM) analysis based on age, T stage, N stage, breast subtype, and chemotherapy was conducted to balance baseline clinical characteristics. The prognostic roles of PMRT on cancer-specific survival (CSS) and overall survival (OS) were analyzed using the Kaplan-Meier method and Cox proportional hazard models. Results: A total of 1944 patients were enrolled before PSM. After PSM, 1458 patients were included. PMRT improved the prognosis of CSS and OS. Multivariate Cox analysis showed that PMRT was independently prognostic for CSS (HR 0.739, 95% CI. 0.619-0.884, P = 0.001) and OS (HR 0.744, 95%CI 0.628-0.8810, P = 0.001). Further subgroup analyses found that survival superiority was observed in T3-4 or N + subgroup (both P < 0.001 for CSS and OS), and Her2-/HR + breast subtype (HR 0.703, 95%CI 0.558-0.888 for CSS, and HR 0.712, 95%CI 0.573-0.885 for OS), especially in patients with bone metastasis but without brain metastasis. Conclusion: PMRT improved survival in de novo stage IV breast cancer patients in selected T3-4 or N + subgroup and Her2-/HR + breast subtype. However, these findings need to be validated by further studies before being incorporated into clinical practice.
CircRNA PTPRM Promotes Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Progression by Modulating the miR-139-5p/SETD5 Axis
Authors: Jiang Zeyong , Zhao Jian , Zou Hanlin , Cai Kaican
Published: May 2022

Introduction: Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are important regulators in various cancers, especially hepatocellular carcinoma. However, the role of circ RNA PTPRM (circPTPRM) in the development of non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) remains unclear. Methods: We collected 26 clinical specimens (corresponding to 26 normal lung tissues) of lung adenocarcinoma and the expression of mir-139-5p and circPTPRM were first detected. Cell proliferation was detected by EdU method, invasion/migration ability of cells was evaluated by transwell method. And the correlation between circPTPRM and mir-139-5p was detected by luciferase reporter gene and RNA pull-down assay. Finally, we verified our hypothesis with BALB/c nude mice. Results: Through bioinformatics software, we found that circPTPRM was negatively correlated with mir-139-5p, and then we used human adenocarcinoma tissue samples to further verify their relationship and get the same result. EdU method, transwell method, and luciferase assay, RNA pull-down assay were applied, and the results show that the knockdown of circPTPRM inhibit proliferation, migration, and invasion of cells can be reversed by mir-139-5p inhibitor. Next, we used Starbase v2.0 to identify the target site of miR-139-5p and focused on SET domain containing 5 (SETD5). We derive the hypothesis by verifying the relationship between miR-139-5p and SETD5 that circPTPRM may interact with miR-139-5p/SETD5 axis. At last, we evaluated the effects of circPTPRM, SETD5, and miR-139-5p on tumor growth in vivo using BALB/c nude mice to prove the hypothesis. Conclusion: We thus conclude that circPTPRM promotes the progression of NSCLC by regulating the miR-139-5p/SETD5 axis.
Construction of a Nomogram Based on lncRNA and Patient’s Clinical Characteristics to Improve the Prognosis of Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer
Authors: Wang Helin , Li Mingying , Wang Ying , Wang Luonan
Published: May 2022

Although the American Joint Commission on Cancer (AJCC) staging has been widely used to predict the survival of cancer patients, there are still some limitations. The high accuracy of lncRNA-based signature prediction has attracted widespread attention. The data were obtained from the RNA sequencing data of nonsmall cell lung cancer (NSCLC) in the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database. Differentially expressed lncRNAs (DELs) and differentially expressed mRNAs (DEMs) were identified. Using univariate Cox proportional hazard regression (CPHR) analysis, least absolute shrinkage and selection operator method, and multivariate CPHR, 5 lncRNAs (LINC00460, LINC00857, LINC01116, RP11-253E3.3, and RP11-359E19.2) related to patient survival were successfully screened. Combined with age, gender, AJCC staging, and 5 lncRNAs, a nomogram with a better prognosis prediction ability than traditional parameters was constructed. Prognostic accuracy was evaluated using the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve and area under the ROC value. In addition, through co-expression analysis, we found that 5 lncRNA target genes have 34 DEMs. Gene ontology function analysis showed that these DEMs were mainly enriched in enzyme inhibitor activity and other aspects. Finally, these DEMs were found to be involved in the formation of the tumor immune microenvironment. In short, the nomogram based on 5 lncRNAs can effectively predict the overall survival rate of NSCLC and may guide the formulation of treatment plans for NSCLC.
Unblock the Block! Preventing Inhibitory Failure to Maintain Inhibitory Restraint
Authors: Lignani Gabriele
Published: May 2022

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True Idiopathic Brachial Artery Aneurysm Treated With a Saphenous Vein Graft
Authors: Gonzalez-Urquijo Mauricio , Marine Leopoldo , Vargas Jose Francisco , Valdes Francisco , Mertens Renato , Bergoeing Michel , Torrealba Jose
Published: May 2022

Purpose: The objective of this study is to report a case of a 65-year-old woman who presented with pallor and pain of her left arm secondary to a true arterial brachial aneurysm, which was successfully treated with saphenous vein bypass and embolization of the aneurysm sac. A review of the literature is also presented. Case report: A 65-year-old woman presented with an acute onset of pallor and pain of her left forearm, and hand. On physical examination, there was a pulsatile mass at the forearm. A doppler ultrasound showed a fusiform aneurysmal dilatation of the brachial artery of 23 mm of diameter. A dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI angiogram confirmed a fusiform dilation of the distal brachial artery. The patient was scheduled for open repair. A fusiform 20 x 60 mm aneurysm of the distal brachial artery extending to the cubital fossa was found and a brachial artery to radial and ulnar arteries bypass with interposed reverse right saphenous vein was created. Embolization of the aneurysm sac was performed using Gelita-spon ® (Gelita Medical, Eberbach, Germany). A final angiogram showed an adequate perfusion through the bypass to the hand, and no contrast in the aneurysmal sac. Postoperative course was uneventful with discharge on the fourth postoperative day. Conclusion: Revascularization with autologous saphenous vein graft and exclusion of the aneurysm with local embolization is a good treatment alternative in a patient with symptomatic brachial aneurysm with distal embolization.
Acute Kidney Injury Risk and Contrast Volume in Intact Versus Ruptured Endovascular Aneurysm Repair in the Vascular Quality Initiative
Authors: LaFontaine Samantha , Goriacko Pavel , Carnevale Matthew , Shukla Harshal , Phair John , Indes Jeffrey , Lipsitz Evan , Koleilat Issam
Published: May 2022

Objective

Renal impairment after repair of ruptured abdominal aortic aneurysm has been associated with post-operative mortality. Acute kidney injury (AKI) risk specifically related to contrast administration in endovascular aneurysm repair (EVAR) for intact vs ruptured aneurysms has not been previously described. It was our objective to evaluate the risk of AKI and the association with contrast administration in EVAR for ruptured (rEVAR) and intact (iEVAR) aneurysm repair in the Vascular Quality Initiative (VQI).

Methods

Adult patients less than 90 years old undergoing EVAR in the VQI without prior abdominal aortic surgery or who were not actively on dialysis preoperatively were included. Patients immediately converted to an open repair were excluded. Patients were grouped by repair urgency, and patient and operative characteristics and outcomes compared. Univariable and multivariable analyses were performed to identify factors associated with the primary outcome of AKI. Survival was evaluated by Kaplan-Meier analysis.

Results

Of 38,775 EVAR patients identified, 86.5% underwent elective surgery for an intact aneurysm, 8.4% had urgent surgery for a symptomatic, intact aneurysm, and 5.1% had emergent repair for a ruptured aneurysm. Significant risk factors for AKI included contrast volume, a preoperative eGFR <30 mL/min, procedure urgency, COPD, congestive heart failure (CHF), and total procedure time. The factor most associated with AKI was aneurysm rupture prior to repair (OR 8.6, CI 7.2-10.3, P <.01). The association of contrast volume with the outcome was the least strong with a 4% increase in risk per 25 mL of contrast (OR 1.04, 95% CI 1.01-1.07). With the development of AKI, postoperative survival was reduced regardless of indication.

Conclusions

Of all factors assessed, aneurysm rupture was the most and contrast volume the least associated with AKI after EVAR. Further studies should evaluate methods of preventing post-EVAR AKI.
Delivering Clinical Pastoral Education (CPE) Remotely: Educators’ Views and Perspectives During the COVID-19 Pandemic and Beyond
Authors: Szilagyi Csaba , Tartaglia Alexander , Palmer Patricia K. , Fleenor David W. , Jackson-Jordan Elizabeth , Knoll Sweeney Sarah , Slaven James E.
Published: May 2022

Many Clinical Pastoral Education programs pivoted to remote delivery during the COVID-19 pandemic. Our survey explored educators’ preparedness, self-efficacy, and views regarding remote Clinical Pastoral Education. Few respondents were either very (14.2%) or not at all (16.5%) prepared. Most were confident facilitating remote learning (69.8%–88.5%), believing remote Clinical Pastoral Education can achieve outcomes equivalent to in-person (59.1%). Six qualitative themes emerged: educator development, educator challenges, remote Clinical Pastoral Education efficacy, remote group dynamics, clinical practice/supervision implications, and benefits and opportunities.
Who Is on the Bandwagon? Core and Periphery in Mixed Methods Research
Authors: Morgan David L.
Published: May 2022

The rapid growth of mixed methods research over the past two decades matches what Fujimura (1989) called a “bandwagon effect.” This study compares articles from the Journal of Mixed Methods Research, representing the core of the field, to a more peripheral set of randomly drawn articles. A content analysis of the two sets of articles shows strong differences, with the random sample dominated by convergent designs and lower integration between the qualitative and quantitative results. This research contributes to the field of mixed methods by showing systematic differences between articles published in its flagship journal versus a broad sample of articles from outside this core set. In addition, it offers recommendations for how to reduce this disparity.
Sauvé-Kapandji and Darrach Salvage Procedure Rates and Perioperative Parameters for Distal Radioulnar Joint Arthritis and Instability
Authors: Moore Reece , O’Leary Ryan , Gonzalez Gilberto , Herrera Fernando A.
Published: May 2022

Background:

Distal radioulnar joint (DRUJ) instability and arthritis are often painful and functionally limiting pathologies. Two common salvage procedures for DRUJ dysfunction are the Darrach and Sauvé-Kapandji (S-K) procedures. This study aims to provide an analysis of national Darrach and S-K procedure utilization rates and patient demographics.

Methods:

A national ambulatory surgery database, the 2018 Nationwide Ambulatory Surgery Sample, was filtered for Darrach and S-K procedure encounters. Data related to patient demographics and medical history, indications for DRUJ salvage, and concurrent hand/wrist procedures were collected.

Results:

Database analysis revealed 1044 Darrach and 223 S-K procedure encounters. Patients undergoing Darrach procedures were older (60 vs 57, P = .002) and more likely to be women (66.1% vs 54.6%, P < .05). Patients aged <35 years underwent S-K procedures at greater rates compared with Darrach (13.9% vs 8.6%, P < .05). Primary osteoarthritis proved to be the most common indication for DRUJ salvage (64.8%) compared with rheumatoid arthritis (23.2%) and post-traumatic osteoarthritis (12.0%). Darrach and S-K procedures were accompanied by a secondary procedure at rates of 64% and 41%, respectively. The most common secondary procedures were tendon transfer, implant removal, neuroplasty, nerve resections, and wrist arthroscopy.

Conclusions:

Patient age and sex are associated with DRUJ salvage procedure selection. Sauvé-Kapandji procedures are used in higher rates in male and younger patient populations. Furthermore, primary osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis are the main underlying pathologies for Darrach and S-K procedures.
Numerical research on the cooling performance of an aircraft electromechanical actuator based on heat pipes-fuel and heat pipes-ram air cooling conception
Authors: Lian Wenlei , Zhang Jinhua , Wan Hao
Published: May 2022

Numerical research is carried out on the cooling performance of an aircraft electromechanical actuator (EMA) using heat pipes. The theoretical model is established to describe the heat transfer processes in the EMA, which is validated by comparing the numerical and experimental results. The heat transfer characteristics of the EMA using two different cooling methods, heat pipes-fuel and heat pipes-ram air, are studied by numerical simulation. For the heat pipes-fuel cooling method, impact of the coolant flow velocity (0–0.015 m/s) on the cooling performance of the EMA is studied, based on which fins are designed on the condenser of heat pipes to improve the cooling performance. The results show that it is an efficient way to cool the electromechanical actuator with heat pipes-fuel cooling method and the heat dissipation rate of the EMA can be improved by 28.8% by using fins. In addition, the heat pipes-ram air cooling method could cool the EMA efficiently with the ram air temperature properly controlled.
Five-year survival after retroperitoneal oncologic resection with and without vascular surgeon intervention
Authors: Bobadilla-Rosado Luis O , Lopez-Pena Gabriel , Verduzco-Vazquez Ana T , Laparra-Escareno Hugo , Anaya-Ayala Javier E , Azcorra Hugo , Mendez-Dominguez Nina , Hinojosa Carlos A
Published: May 2022

Objectives

Retroperitoneal tumor resection commonly disturbs major vessels; therefore, surgical teams can recruit vascular surgeons to prevent injuries and improve the prognosis of oncologic patients. The objective of the present study is to establish long-term survival after retroperitoneal tumor resection surgery with an emphasis on the potential impact of preventing or repairing major vessel injuries when tumors are adjacent to the aorta or vena cava.

Methods

Retrospective case series including all cases of surgical removal of retroperitoneal tumors between 2007 and 2020 in a highly specialized hospital in Mexico City. Long-term survival was defined as 5 years after surgical intervention. Descriptive statistics, group-comparison tests, and regression analysis were performed using Stata 16.

Results

From a total of 70 cases, vascular injury occurred in 30 (42.8%) and the vascular surgeon intervened in 19 (27.1%) of them, 4 (21%) were performed by a vascular surgeon with planned intervention, and in 9 (47.3%) cases the vascular surgeon was called to join the surgery due to emergency. Intraoperative bleeding was 2-fold greater in the group with an emergent participation of vascular surgery in contrast with the planned intervention group (4, 235 mL vs 2, 035 mL, p = 0.04). The regression model revealed a significant association between the intervention of a vascular surgeon and long-term survival (OR 59.3, p = 0.03) after adjusting for sociodemographic and characteristics of oncologic nature.

Conclusions

Planned intervention of vascular surgeons in retroperitoneal tumor resection may have a positive impact not only in trans-operatory period, but also on long-term survival.
Technical outcomes of below-the-elbow revascularization for upper extremity critical limb ischemia
Authors: Ozen Merve , Arslan Bulent , Yakupovich Anel , Turba Ulku Cenk , Ahmed Osman
Published: May 2022

Objectives

This study aims to report the technical results of below-the-elbow arterial revascularization in patients with critical hand ischemia.

Methods

We retrospectively identified upper extremity critical limb ischemia patients treated with below-the-elbow arterial intervention between 2013 and 2017. Patient demographics, comorbidities, and procedural data were reviewed and technical success was evaluated.

Results

Seven patients with 12 arteries that were affected by critical hand ischemia were treated. All patients had a history of end-stage renal disease. The technical success rate was 83.3%. There were no major or minor complications. The average follow-up duration was 9 months (2–26 months). One patient underwent a digital amputation at 8 months.

Conclusion

Arterial revascularization of the below-the-elbow arteries for critical hand ischemia is safe and technically feasible.
Anemia as a risk factor for restenosis in femoropopliteal arterial disease after drug-coated balloon angioplasty
Authors: Pan Tao , Tian Shi-yun , Xiong Shan-shan , Ji Dong-hua , Liu Zhen , Wang Feng
Published: May 2022

Objective

This study aimed to investigate the relationship between anemia and restenosis in patients with femoropopliteal arterial disease following drug-coated balloon (DCB) angioplasty.

Methods

194 patients treated with DCB for femoropopliteal lesions were retrospectively analyzed for up to 12 months of follow-up between January 2017 and September 2020. Baseline clinical and procedural characteristics were compared between the anemia and non-anemia patients, and predictors of restenosis were identified using logistic regression.

Results

32.5% of the patients undergoing DCB angioplasty had anemia. Patients with anemia were significantly older, with higher rates of hypertension, coronary artery disease, chronic renal insufficiency, and diabetes, and with lower rates of smoking and male gender. In the multivariate analysis, anemia was independently and significantly associated with a higher risk of restenosis (OR, 3.872; 95% CI, 1.556–9.638; P = 0.004).

Conclusion

Anemia is independently associated with restenosis in patients treated with DCB for femoropopliteal arterial disease. Patients with lower baseline hemoglobin might have more chances to develop restenosis at follow-up.
Immune response and cytokine storm in SARS-CoV-2 infection: Risk factors, ways of control and treatment
Authors: Chegni Hamid , Babaii Hadise , Hassan Zuhair M , Pourshaban Manoochehr
Published: May 2022

In 2020, a deadly pandemic caused by the SARS-COV-2 virus spread worldwide and killed many people. In some viral infections, in addition to the pathogenic role of the virus, impaired immune function leads to inflammation and further damage in internal tissues. For example, coronavirus in some patients prevents the stimulation of the acquired immune system. Therefore, innate immunity is over-stimulated to compensate, followed by the overproduction of inflammatory cytokines and cytokine storm. Various underlying factors such as age, gender, blood pressure, diabetes, and obesity affect cytokine storm. It seems that cytokine storm is one of the leading causes of death among COVID-19 patients, and providing that this storm is detected and controlled in time, it can reduce the mortality of COVID-19 patients. This article aims to investigate the immune system response to COVID-19, various factors associated with cytokine storm, and its treatment. In the current situation, in parallel with the progress made in the field of vaccination, it is necessary to carefully examine the various dimensions of the immune system in response to the COVID-19 virus to seek a suitable treatment strategy to save the lives of patients in intensive care units
How social context impacts the emergence of leadership structures
Authors: Roth Philip
Published: May 2022

In leadership research, it has proven useful to understand leadership as a relational phenomenon and to conceptualize leadership structures as networks of leader-member ties. Currently, research further highlights the dynamic nature of these structures and examines their emergence in more detail to uncover the underlying mechanisms. In this literature, emergence is conceptualized as social exchange in teams and investigated experimentally. This paper argues that by doing so, the influence of social context has been neglected. I draw on findings from broader tie-formation research to substantiate the influence of social context and to tackle the conceptual shortcoming. Drawing on this rich literature, I identify eight mechanisms that explain in detail how four dimensions of social context ( Culture, Social Networks, Population Characteristics, and Opportunity Patterns) shape the formation of leader-member ties. Finally, I derive 13 propositions based on these mechanisms. These propositions, on the one hand, provide solid starting points for further empirical research. On the other hand, they indicate that the underexposure of social context has led to an overly positive picture of emergent leadership in the current literature. They suggest that much more often than assumed so far, the wrong people become and remain leaders.
Consultation dynamics and strategies: The Brighton guide
Authors: Cooper Maxwell , Sornalingam Sangeetha , Heath Jason , Fernandes Carl , Jegatheesan Menaka
Published: May 2022

The Brighton guide considers practical strategies that constitute ‘tricks of the trade’ for GP consultations. These are brought together within a framework of therapeutic history, therapeutic examination, clinical decision tools (where appropriate), and stepwise management that starts with ‘low level’ self-help advice. The management approach differs for mild-to-moderate and severe cases. The strategic principles have diverse origins in postgraduate GP training, medical education theory and the grey literature. They do not relate to specific clinical presentations but, instead, convey a ‘tactical’ understanding of the consultation. This approach takes account of the potential for divergence, even conflict, between the agendas of doctors and their patients. The Brighton guide embraces the everyday challenges faced by GPs in their consultations, including the achievement of safe management plans within the typical 10-minute encounter with relationships intact. This means conducting consultations that maintain boundaries, safe practice and punctuality while preserving time and energy for the next patient.
Evaluation of local tissue peri-implant reaction in total knee arthroplasty failure cases
Authors: Brozovich Ava , Clyburn Terry , Park Kevin , Harper Katharine D. , Sullivan Thomas , Incavo Stephen , Taraballi Francesca
Published: May 2022

Introduction:

Implant-related hypersensitivity is emerging as a causative factor as a potential source of total knee arthroplasty (TKA) failure. Mechanistically, this type IV hypersensitivity reaction (T4HR) is mediated by effector T-cells, macrophages, and leukocytes that infiltrate to the site of implant and react to metal exposure and induce inflammatory tissue damage.

Methods:

A case–control study was performed where cortical bone was taken at the time of revision surgery for all patients operated on for primary TKA in which metal allergy was suspected and for revision TKA cases done for presumed metal allergy. Cytof was used to determine the cell density of inflammatory cells, specifically Th1, Th2, M1, and M2 cells.

Results:

Comparing the mean cell density of primary versus revision TKA, revision TKA patients had significantly higher number of Th2 cells compared with Th1 cells ( p = 0.0043). Among revision cases, there were significantly more M1 versus M2 macrophages ( p = 0.034) within a patient. When comparing mean cell density of M1 versus M2 macrophages, there was a significant difference in both primary and revision TKA surgeries ( p = 0.0041 primary, p < 0.001 revision). Among revision patients who had a predominance of Th2 cells, four (44%) of nine patients had a negative LTT/patch test.

Conclusion:

These data support metal hypersensitivity, mediated by a T4HR, for some cases of TKA failure. Current methods to screen patients for metal hypersensitivity prior to primary TKA have been inclusive. This study demonstrates the need for a more sensitive screening test from specimens in the knee joint, to more accurately identify patients who will exhibit a T4HR to metal.
Diabetes Technology Meeting 2021
Authors: Xu Nicole Y. , Nguyen Kevin T. , DuBord Ashley Y. , Pickup John , Sherr Jennifer L. , Teymourian Hazhir , Cengiz Eda , Ginsberg Barry H. , Cobelli Claudio , Ahn David , Bellazzi Riccardo , Bequette B. Wayne , Gandrud Pickett Laura , Parks Linda , Spanakis Elias K. , Masharani Umesh , Akturk Halis K. , Melish John S. , Kim Sarah , Kang Gu Eon , Klonoff David C.
Published: May 2022

Diabetes Technology Society hosted its annual Diabetes Technology Meeting on November 4 to November 6, 2021. This meeting brought together speakers to discuss various developments within the field of diabetes technology. Meeting topics included blood glucose monitoring, continuous glucose monitoring, novel sensors, direct-to-consumer telehealth, metrics for glycemia, software for diabetes, regulation of diabetes technology, diabetes data science, artificial pancreas, novel insulins, insulin delivery, skin trauma, metabesity, precision diabetes, diversity in diabetes technology, use of diabetes technology in pregnancy, and green diabetes. A live demonstration on a mobile app to monitor diabetic foot wounds was presented.
Plastic and Maxillofacial Training for War-Zones – A Systematic Review
Authors: Borg Tiffanie-Marie , Cavale Naveen , Abu-Sittah Ghassan , Ghanem Ali
Published: May 2022

Study Design

Injuries sustained in war-zones are variable and constantly developing according to the nature of the ongoing conflict. Soft tissue involvement of the extremities, head and neck often necessitates reconstructive expertise. However, current training to manage injuries in such settings is heterogenous. This study involves a systematic review.

Objective

To evaluate interventions in place to train Plastic and Maxillofacial surgeons for war-zone environments so that limitations to current training can be addressed.

Methods

A literature search of Medline and EMBase was performed using terms relevant to Plastic and Maxillofacial surgery training and war-zone environments. Articles that met the inclusion criteria were scored then educational interventions described in included literature were categorised according to their length, delivery style and training environment. Between-group ANOVA was performed to compare training strategies.

Results

2055 citations were identified through this literature search. Thirty-three studies were included in this analysis. The highest scoring interventions were over an extended time-frame with an action-oriented training approach, using simulation or actual patients. Core competencies addressed by these strategies included technical and non-technical skills necessary when working in war-zone type settings.

Conclusions

Surgical rotations in trauma centers and areas of civil strife, together with didactic courses are valuable strategies to train surgeons for war-zones. These opportunities must be readily available globally and be targeted to the surgical needs of the local population, anticipating the types of combat injuries that often occur in these environments.
Pseudo-continuous arterial spin labeling with short post-labeling delay time sensitively reflects the hemodynamics of symptomatic patients with permanent large vessel occlusion before and after revascularization
Authors: Mizowaki Takashi , Hosoda Kohkichi , Inoue Satoshi , Kuroda Ryuichi , Kurihara Eiji
Published: May 2022

Background and Purpose

This study evaluated the feasibility of arterial spin labeling (ASL) for diagnosing hemodynamic stroke due to permanent anterior circulation large vessel occlusion.

Methods

Three-dimensional pseudo-continuous ASL data at two post-labeling delay (PLD) times (1.5 and 2.5 s) in patients with unilateral permanent middle cerebral artery (MCA) segment 1 (M1) or internal cerebral artery (ICA) occlusion were acquired during routine magnetic resonance angiography. Sixty-one patients with symptomatic occlusion (M1, 24; ICA, 37) and 69 patients with asymptomatic occlusion (M1, 21; ICA, 48) were enrolled. Regions of interest were automatically placed in the MCA region using a template. The respective scans were compared with asymptomatic M1 or ICA occlusion scans. The ratio of signal intensity (occlusion side/non-occlusion side) in the perfusion area of MCA (asymmetry index [AI]) was compared between both groups.

Results

In both PLD groups, AI was significantly lower in symptomatic patients than in asymptomatic patients. The receiver operating characteristic curve showed moderate capacity for the prediction of symptomatic AI in both groups (area under the curve, 0.739 and 0.712, respectively). As a result of extracranial-intracranial bypass operation in 28 symptomatic (M1, eight; ICA, 20) patients, AI was significantly higher postoperatively in the PLD 1.5 s group than in the PLD 2.5 s group.

Conclusion

In symptomatic patients with permanent large vessel occlusion, the signal intensity ratio of pseudo-continuous ASL with short PLD sensitively reflects the hemodynamics before and after revascularization; therefore, this technique may be an alternative method in situations where PET or SPECT cannot be performed.
Agenesis of the internal carotid artery associated with intracranial aneurysms: Endovascular treatment and intraoperative complications management
Authors: Saal-Zapata Giancarlo , Rodriguez-Calienes Aaron
Published: May 2022

Agenesis of the internal carotid artery (ICA) is a rare condition, whereas the association of this condition and the presence of intracranial aneurysms is higher in comparison to patients with normal vasculature. Endovascular treatment of this particular subgroup of patients has been described, but complications associated during treatment have not. Herein, we describe the endovascular treatment of intracranial aneurysms in two cases complicated with coil protrusion and in-stent thrombosis in the setting of agenesis of the ICA which were treated successfully without clinical compromise. One-year follow-up digital subtraction angiography demonstrated the complete obliteration of both aneurysms. In most of the cases, coil protrusion does not require further intervention; nevertheless, in the setting of ICA agenesis, stent placement is a potential alternative. In-stent thrombosis should be treated promptly with the available tools, in our case intra-arterial Alteplase reperfused the parent vessel.
Comparative risk of herpes zoster in patients with psoriatic disease on systemic treatments: a systematic review and network meta-analysis
Authors: Chiu Hsien-Yi , Hung Yi-Teng , Huang Shi-Wei , Huang Yu-Huei
Published: May 2022

Background:

Numerous previous studies have examined risk of herpes zoster (HZ) in psoriatic disease; however, the results of these studies are conflicting and the relative risks associated with different treatments remain largely unknown. In this meta-analysis, we examined the relative risk of HZ associated with systemic treatments for psoriatic disease.

Methods:

PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, and Web of Science databases were searched to identify relevant English-language studies published up to April 2021. Data were extracted using a standardized data extraction form. Network meta-analyses (NMA) was performed according to Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. We examined the differences in HZ risk (incidence rate ratio; IRR) between treatments using a random-effects model for direct pairwise comparisons and NMA. The surface under the cumulative ranking area was calculated to rank the HZ risk for each treatment condition.

Results:

This study analyzed 13 studies including 19 treatment arms involving a total of 443,104 patients with psoriatic disease. Corticosteroids (CS) [IRR, 2.56; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.59–4.13], a Janus kinase inhibitor (JAKi; tofacitinib) (IRR, 2.34; 95% CI, 1.03–5.32), infliximab (IRR, 2.32; 95% CI, 1.27–4.21), conventional synthetic disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs (csDMARDs) + CS (IRR, 2.26; 95% CI, 1.23–4.17), anti-tumor necrosis factor-α (anti-TNF-α) + csDMARDs and/or CS (IRR, 2.13; 95% CI, 1.38–3.31), csDMARDs (IRR, 1.62; 95% CI, 1.18–2.22), and anti-TNF-α except infliximab (IRR, 1.61; 95% CI, 1.13–2.30) were all associated with a significantly higher HZ risk compared to controls. CS treatment possessed the highest HZ risk, followed by infliximab and JAKi (tofacitinib). Phosphodiesterase-4 inhibitor, anti-interleukin-17, -23 or -12/23, phototherapy, and acitretin showed a risk similar to controls without significant differences.

Conclusion:

The NMA demonstrated CS, infliximab, and JAKi (tofacitinib), and several combination treatments were associated with higher HZ risk in patients with psoriasis and psoriatic arthritis. Differences in HZ risk should be taken into consideration when considering optimal psoriasis treatment.