bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Physical and Chemical Characterization of Sustainable Green Adhesives Derived from Municipal Treatment Plant Sludges
Authors: Zeringue Chelsea Trahan , Chirdon William M. , Sharp Wayne , Gang Daniel , Khattab Ahmed , Hernandez Rafael , Holmes William , Zappi Mark E.
Published: October 2024

Adhesive formulations derived from sustainable feedstocks, like waste-activated sludge and biosolids from wastewater treatment plants, are developed due to protein-based adhesives receiving attention for their low-cost, resourcefulness, and minimal ecological footprint. The protein composition and associated dynamic changes of the adhesive formulations were studied via gel permeation chromatography, which detailed a molecular size distribution of 8.72 × 105 g/mol for the adhesive formulation and 6.89 × 103 g/mol for the dewatered biosolid base fraction, which confirms the formation of multiple protein functional groups combining to form the larger adhesive molecules. Further analysis determined the types of proteins present in the dewatered biosolids as glutelin, prolamin, globulin, and albumin proteins, with the glutelin proteins as the most prevalent, as thus likely responsible for adhesive formation. The rheological properties of the novel protein adhesive were also studied to interpret the structure of the adhesives, which detailed the findings of viscoelastic properties and flow behaviors of each adhesive in relation to the wastewater treatment plant sample location, which yielded higher flow points, storage moduli, and loss moduli for the dewatered biosolids in comparison to the waste-activated sludge and biosolid adhesives, which correlates with the higher solids content of the dewatered biosolids and potentially cell rupturing when exposed to filtration stress.
Thermal Performance of Novel Eco-Friendly Prefabricated Walls for Thermal Comfort in Temperate Climates
Authors: Alavez-Ramirez Rafael , Chiñas-Castillo Fernando , Martínez-Reyes Jacobo , Caballero-Montes Jose Luis , Caballero-Caballero Magdaleno , Morales-Dominguez Valentin Juventino , Ortiz-Guzman Margarito , Robledo-Taboada Luis Humberto , Juarez-Arellano Erick Adrian , Serrano-De la Rosa Laura Elvira
Published: October 2024

The global threat of climate change has become increasingly severe, with the efficiency of buildings and the environment being significantly impacted. It is necessary to develop bioclimatic architectural systems that can effectively reduce energy consumption while bringing thermal comfort, reducing the impact of external temperatures. This study presents the results of a real-scale experimental house prototype, MHTITCA, using a unique design composed of novel eco-friendly prefabricated channel walls filled with a blend of soil, sawdust, and cement for walls and roofs. The experimental analysis performed in this study was based on dynamic climatology. A solar orientation chart of the place was constructed to identify the solar radiation intensity acting on the house. Measurements of roof surface temperatures were conducted to determine temperature damping and temperature wave lag. Monthly average temperature and direct solar radiation data of the site were considered. Compared to other alternative house prototypes, the system maximizes thermal comfort in high-oscillation temperate climates. Temperature measurements were taken inside and outside to evaluate the thermal performance. A thermal insulating layer was added outside the wall and the envelope to improve the prototype’s thermal comfort and reduce the decrement factor even more. This MHTITCA house prototype had 85% thermal comfort, 0% overheating, and 15% low heating. This eco-friendly prototype design had the best thermal performance, achieving a thermal lag of twelve hours, a reduced decrement factor of 0.109, and preventing overheating in areas with high thermal fluctuations. Comparatively, the other prototypes examined provided inferior thermal comfort. The suggested MHTITCA system can be an energy-saving and passive cooling option for thermal comfort in low-cost houses in temperate climates with high thermal oscillations in urban or rural settings.
Housing Inclusion Perspective: The Causal Structure of Housing Cost Burden, Fertility Intentions, and Social Housing in Urban China
Authors: Jin Chenghua , Chen Zhonggao
Published: October 2024

To address low fertility and enhance urban inclusiveness and sustainability, this study conducted a questionnaire survey in 35 cities in China, systematically collected data on housing inclusiveness and fertility intentions, and used the SEM to analyze the causal relationship between housing costs burden, fertility intentions, and perceived need for social housing. The results show that the housing cost burden has a statistically significant positive (+) effect on the perceived need for social housing and a statistically significant negative (−) effect on fertility intentions, and that fertility intentions have a positive (+) effect on the perceived need for social housing. Notably, the direct effect of the housing cost burden on the perceived need for social housing (0.15) is greater than the total effect of the housing cost burden on the perceived need for social housing mediated by fertility intentions (0.14). This suggests that even when housing costs are high, families who still plan to have children exhibit a greater demand for social housing. Therefore, social housing can positively impact fertility intentions and help reduce housing cost pressures on families. Additionally, actively promoting inclusive housing development will have a significant impact on the sustainable growth of the urban population and economy, making meaningful contributions.
Decarbonizing Public Transportation: A Multi-Criteria Comparative Analysis of Battery Electric Buses and Fuel Cell Electric Buses
Authors: Eliyan Afnan Fayez , Haouari Mohamed , Sleiti Ahmad
Published: October 2024

To combat global warming, many industrialized countries have announced plans to ban vehicles powered by fossil fuel in the near future. In alignment with this global initiative, many countries across the globe are committed to decarbonizing their public transportation sector, which significantly contributes to increased greenhouse gas emissions. A promising strategy to achieve this goal is the adoption of electric buses, specifically battery electric buses and fuel cell electric buses. Each technology offers distinct advantages and drawbacks, making the decision-making process complex. This research aims to answer two critical questions: What is the optimal choice for decarbonizing the bus transportation sector—electric battery buses or fuel cell electric buses? And what are the best energy carrier pathways for charging or refueling these buses? We propose a methodological framework based on multi-criteria decision-making to address these questions comprehensively. This framework utilizes the entropy weighting and the Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to the Ideal Solution (TOPSIS) methodologies to rank alternative bus technologies along with energy carrier pathways. The framework evaluates a range of criteria, including economic viability, energy demand, and environmental aspects. To illustrate the framework, we considered Qatar as a case study. Our results indicate that, with respect to economic viability and energy consumption, the operation of battery electric buses is favored over fuel cell electric buses, regardless of the energy pathway utilized during both the energy production and bus operation phases. However, from an environmental perspective, operating both bus alternatives using energy from green sources provides superior performance compared to when these buses are powered by natural gas sources.
The Potential of a Mobile Augmented Reality Game in Education for Sustainability: Report and Analysis of an Activity with the EduCITY App
Authors: Rodrigues Rita , Pombo Lúcia
Published: October 2024

The integration of augmented reality (AR) into education for sustainability curricula not only makes learning more engaging, motivating, and effective, but also equips students with the knowledge and skills to address pressing environmental challenges. This paper presents a case study of a pedagogical approach based on the exploration of an AR game in the EduCITY app and aims to analyse the potential of the ‘EduCITY at the UA Campus’ mobile AR game in what concerns the promotion of education for sustainability among secondary students. The game was explored in the largest annual event of the University of Aveiro—XPERiMENTA—which invited students and the wider community to participate in activities on the campuses. At the end of the activity, an individual and anonymous questionnaire to evaluate the game was applied. Students indicated that the game raises an awareness of sustainability and contributes to the development of knowledge and skills in this area. They were motivated throughout the match and managed to get a good performance out of playing. This study adds to the literature on the use of AR games in education for sustainability, by revealing that it can be an effective tool for engaging and motivating students with sustainability-related learning.
Exponential Stability of a Kirchhoff Plate Equation with Structural Damping and Internal Time Delay
Authors: Hajjej Zayd , Zhang Hongwei
Published: October 2024

In this manuscript, we investigate the exponential stability of a Kirchhoff plate equation with free boundary conditions in a bounded domain of R2. First, we consider the case where the model is subjected only to structural damping and, using the energy method, we prove the exponential decay of the energy associated with this model. Second, we consider the case where structural damping with a linear internal time delay term is applied, and we use the same technique to derive the exponential stability of the new model. Finally, we examine the scenario where the model is governed by structural damping with an added fractional time delay term and, by constructing an appropriate Lyapunov function, we show that the energy associated with the system is exponentially stable. This work improves upon prior results concerning the Kirchhoff plate equation with frictional damping, where exponential stability could not be achieved.
On λ-Pseudo Bi-Starlike Functions Related to Second Einstein Function
Authors: El-Qadeem Alaa H. , Murugusundaramoorthy Gangadharan , Halouani Borhen , Elshazly Ibrahim S. , Vijaya Kaliappan , Mamon Mohamed A.
Published: October 2024

A new class BΣλ(γ,κ) of bi-starlike λ-pseudo functions related to the second Einstein function is presented in this paper. c2 and c3 indicate the initial Taylor coefficients of ϕ∈BΣλ(γ,κ), and the bounds for |c2| and |c3| are obtained. Additionally, for ϕ∈BΣλ(γ,κ), we calculate the Fekete–Szegö functional.
First Description of Loreto Virus in Three Culicidae Species from the Atlantic Forest, Bahia, Brazil
Authors: da Paz Thito Y. Bezerra , Hernández Leonardo H. Almeida , Silva Fábio Silva da , Cruz Ana C. Ribeiro , da Silva Sandro Patroca , Fuzii Hellen Thais , Massafra Janaina M. Vasconcelos , Vianez Júnior João L. S. G. , Deem Sharon L. , Oliveira Leonardo de Carvalho , De Vleeschouwer Kristel Myriam , Catenacci Lilian Silva
Published: October 2024

Loreto virus (LORV) is an insect-specific virus classified into the proposed taxon Negevirus. It was originally described in Iquitos, Peru, in 1977. Here, we describe three novel LORV genomes obtained from the isolates of three pooled samples of Trichoprosopon digitatum, Aedes (Ochlerotatus) fulvus, and Limatus durhamii collected in Ilhéus—Bahia, 2014. Samples were submitted to RNA sequencing on the Illumina platform to recover the LORV genome. The genomes presented, on average, 81.5% nucleotide identity and 92.6% global amino acid identity with the LORV reference genome (NC_034158). Subsequently, phylogenetic analysis was performed based on a multiple sequence alignment of the concatenated amino acid sequences predicted for the three ORFs of the Negevirus genomes, and the target sequences were clustered within the LORV clade. The taxon Negevirus is in constant expansion of its species content and host range. New data about insect specific negeviruses are important for virus evolution studies, along with those approaching interactions with the hosts and their influence in the transmission of arboviruses. Also, the assessment of these data may allow the development of biologic control strategies for arboviral vectors. This is the original report of the identification of LORV in Brazil, infecting three Culicidae species hosts native to the Atlantic Forest biome.
Stress Can Induce Bovine Alpha-Herpesvirus 1 (BoHV-1) Reactivation from Latency
Authors: El-Mayet Fouad , Jones Clinton
Published: October 2024

Bovine alpha-herpesvirus 1 (BoHV-1) is a significant problem for the cattle industry, in part because the virus establishes latency, and stressful stimuli increase the incidence of reactivation from latency. Sensory neurons in trigeminal ganglia and unknown cells in pharyngeal tonsils are importantsites for latency. Reactivation from latency can lead to reproductive problems in pregnant cows, virus transmission to young calves, suppression of immune responses, and bacterial pneumonia. BoHV-1 is also a significant cofactor in bovine respiratory disease (BRD). Stress, as mimicked by the synthetic corticosteroid dexamethasone, reproducibly initiates reactivation from latency. Stress-mediated activation of the glucocorticoid receptor (GR) stimulates viral replication and transactivation of viral promoters that drive the expression of infected cell protein 0 (bICP0) and bICP4. Notably, GR and Krüppel-like factor 15 (KLF15) form a feed-forward transcription loop that cooperatively transactivates immediate early transcription unit 1 (IEtu1 promoter). Two  pioneer transcription factors, GR and KLF4, cooperatively transactivate the bICP0 early promoter. Pioneer transcription factors bind silent viral  heterochromatin, remodel chromatin, and activate gene expression. Thus, wepredict that these novel transcription factors mediate early stages of BoHV-1 reactivation from latency.
The Contribution of Neutrophil Extracellular Traps to Coagulopathy in Patients with COVID-19-Related Thrombosis
Authors: Enochs Carolyn , Colpo Gabriela Delevati , Couture Lucy , Baskin Lynae , Cahuiche Ana E. , Lee Eunyoung Angela , Nimjee Shahid , McCullough Louise D.
Published: October 2024

COVID-19 is caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and is associated with hypercoagulability and increased incidence of thrombotic events. In this study, we investigated the levels of neutrophil extracellular trap biomarkers and von Willebrand factor to assess if these could predict the occurrence of a thrombotic event in COVID-19 patients. We enrolled 202 patients hospitalized with symptomatic COVID-19 infection. Of those, 104 patients did not experience any type of thrombotic events before or during their hospitalization. These patients were compared to the other cohort of 98, who experienced thrombotic events before or during their hospitalization. In total, 61 patients who experienced thrombotic events had the event after initial blood collection, so the predictive capacity of biomarkers in these patients was evaluated. Citrullinated histone H3 was the best predictive biomarker for thrombotic events in COVID-19 regardless of age, sex, and race; disease severity was also a significant predictor in most thrombotic event groups. These results may better inform treatment and prophylaxis of thrombotic events in COVID-19 and similar viral illnesses in the future to improve outcomes and reduce mortality.
Efficient Productivity-Aware Control Parameter Optimization in Cutter Suction Dredger Construction Using Machine Learning with Parallel Global Search
Authors: Liu Hao , Liu Ruizhe , Bai Shuo , Chen Yong , Liu Leping
Published: October 2024

This paper proposes an efficient productivity-aware optimization framework that utilizes hybrid machine learning with parallel global search to timely and appropriately adjust the critical control parameters (CCPs) of a cutter suction dredger (CSD) during construction. This optimization framework consists of three main parts. First, a hybrid Jaya–multilayer perceptron (MLP) algorithm was developed to rapidly construct a model that captures the interaction between construction parameters and slurry concentration. Next, the preliminary coarse results for the CCPs are determined through multi-parameter sensitivity analysis. Finally, the proposed resilient-zone parallel global search algorithm was employed to further optimize the CCPs, yielding more precise optimization results. To validate the proposed optimization framework and implement the in-situ service, it is applied to a real-world case study involving “Tianda” CSD construction. The results demonstrated that the average optimization duration is 6.7 s, which is shorter than the data acquisition interval of 8 s. Our approach improves the computational efficiency by 9.4 times compared with traditional optimization control methods. Additionally, there is a significant increase in the slurry concentration, with the maximum growth rate reaching 81.64%.
Assessing the Environmental Impact of Oasis Agriculture in the Yarkant River Basin: A Comprehensive Study of Water Use, Carbon Footprint, and Decoupling Index
Authors: Wang Yi , Liu Xinyu , Ding Junwei
Published: October 2024

Studying the relationship between grain planting and the environment is an important means to promote sustainable production. This study takes wheat, a typical grain crop in the Yarkant River oasis irrigation district, the fourth largest agricultural irrigation district in China, as an example to analyze the relationship and changing trends between wheat yield and water footprint (WF), and carbon footprint (CF) from 2001 to 2020. The study found that during the research period, wheat yield, WFgreen,blue,WFgrey, and CF showed a fluctuating but significantly upward trend. Decoupling analysis indicates that the overall decoupling trend between wheat yield and water footprint and carbon footprint is not obvious. This suggests that the rapid development of wheat production in the Yarkant River Oasis has also led to significant water resource consumption, pollution, and greenhouse gas emissions. Among the three sub–irrigation districts, the Shache sub–irrigation district has the best decoupling state, reflecting that the increase in wheat yield in Shache did not lead to more water resource consumption and pollution which is may due to its abundant water resources and agriculture development. Further analysis found that the use of nitrogen fertilizers and irrigation electricity have contributed to water resource pressure and greenhouse gas emissions. This study reveals that there are significant environmental risks in the current wheat planting in the Yarkant River oasis irrigation district, but it also points out the direction for green development in the irrigation district.
Water–Energy Nexus-Based Optimization of the Water Supply Infrastructure in a Dryland Urban Setting
Authors: Maxwell Charles Odira , Oonge Zablon Isaboke , Odira Patts M. A. , Ouma Gilbert Ong’isa , Lompi Marco , Pacetti Tommaso , Bacco Mario Di , Caporali Enrica
Published: October 2024

Managing water supply systems is essential for developing countries to face climate variability in dryland settings. This is exacerbated by high energy costs for pumping, water losses due to aging infrastructures, and increasing demand driven by population growth. Therefore, optimizing the available resources using a water–energy nexus approach can increase the reliability of the water distribution network by saving energy for distributing the same water. This study proposes a methodology that optimizes the Water Distribution Network (WDN) and its management that can be replicated elsewhere, as it is developed in a data-scarce area. Indeed, this approach shows the gathering of WDN information and a model to save energy by optimizing pump schedules, which guarantee water distribution at minimal operational costs. The approach integrates a genetic algorithm to create pumping patterns and the EPANET hydraulic simulator to test their reliability. The methodology is applied for a water utility in the dryland urban setting of Lodwar, Turkana County, Kenya. The results indicate a potential reduction in energy costs by 50% to 57% without compromising the supply reliability. The findings highlight the potential of WEN-based solutions in enhancing the efficiency and sustainability of data-scarce water utilities in dryland ecosystems.
Exploring Spatial Dynamics of Water Quality in a Tropical Lake Affected by Aquaculture
Authors: Wojewódka-Przybył Marta , Soeprobowati Tri Retnaningsih , Komala Puti Sri , Nastuti Reni , Subehi Luki , Takarina Noverita Dian , Jumari Jumari
Published: October 2024

Lake Maninjau, like many surface water bodies worldwide, faces significant water pollution challenges due to extensive aquaculture activities, making it an ideal site to study the impact of fish farming on water quality, which has contributed to eutrophication and declining water quality. This study investigates the physicochemical parameters and pollution levels in the lake, aiming to provide insights into its environmental health. In August 2022, a comprehensive sampling campaign was undertaken at nine stations within the upper layers of open water and littoral zones of Lake Maninjau. In situ measurements, including temperature, dissolved oxygen, and pH, were conducted, accompanied by water sample collection for laboratory analysis of trace elements and heavy metals. Our study revealed notable variability in water parameters across different sites, with surface water layers exhibiting the greatest differences. While certain parameters such as temperature and conductivity remain relatively stable, pH levels show a decreasing trend with increasing water depth. Dissolved oxygen levels vary widely, while oxidation–reduction potential indicates water pollution, particularly in littoral zones. Potassium dominance within cations likely suggests anthropogenic influences, notably from aquaculture activities, that may also contribute to nutrient enrichment and heavy metal pollution. Elevated levels of total nitrogen and ammonia underscore the lake’s moderate pollution levels, with heavy metals such as mercury exceeding permissible limits, posing risks to aquatic life and human health.
Sustainability Prediction by Evaluating the Emergy of a Co-Treatment System for Municipal Wastewater and Acidic Water Using Intermittent Electrocoagulation
Authors: Bravo-Toledo Luigi , Virú-Vásquez Paul , Rodriguez-Flores Ruben , Sierra-Flores Luis , Flores-Salinas José , Tineo-Cordova Freddy , Palomino-Vildoso Rolando , Madueño-Sulca César , Rios-Varillas de Oscanoa Cecilia , Pilco-Nuñez Alex
Published: October 2024

The objective of this research was to evaluate the sustainability of a co-treatment system that combines Municipal Wastewater (MW) and Acid Mine Drainage (AMD) through the technique of intermittent electrocoagulation, applied as an advanced solution to improve contaminant removal efficiency and optimize energy balance. Four scenarios were analyzed: Treatment I (with a 1/7 ratio of urban wastewater to AMD), Treatment II (which includes an artificial wetland), Treatment IIIa (which introduces electrocoagulation to enhance sulfate removal and pH regulation), and Treatment IIIb (which employs a 1/15 ratio of AMD to eutrophic water). The methodology focused on calculating key sustainability indicators such as the Net Yield Ratio (EYR), Emergy Inversion Ratio (EIR), Environmental Loading Ratio (ELR), and Sustainability Index (SI), in order to assess the impact of each technology on the energy efficiency and environmental load of the system. The results showed that, although Treatment IIIa was effective in contaminant removal, the EIR increased to 0.18 and the ELR rose to 0.62, indicating a higher reliance on non-renewable inputs due to increased energy demand. However, Treatment IIIb, which combines electrocoagulation with eutrophic water, significantly improved the sustainability of the system, achieving an SI of 2.31 and an ELR of 1.22, reflecting a reduction in energy efficiency due to intensive use of external resources, but overall greater sustainability compared to the other scenarios. This research concludes that intermittent electrocoagulation, when integrated with synergistic resources like eutrophic water, can enhance contaminant removal efficiency and improve the use of renewable resources, minimizing environmental load and increasing the sustainability of wastewater treatment systems.
Advanced Prediction Models for Scouring Around Bridge Abutments: A Comparative Study of Empirical and AI Techniques
Authors: Khan Zaka Ullah , Khan Diyar , Murtaza Nadir , Pasha Ghufran Ahmed , Alotaibi Saleh , Rezzoug Aïssa , Benzougagh Brahim , Khedher Khaled Mohamed
Published: October 2024

Scouring is a major concern affecting the overall stability and safety of a bridge. The current research investigated the effectiveness of the various artificial intelligence (AI) techniques, such as artificial neural networks (ANNs), the adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system (ANFIS), and random forest (RF), for scouring depth prediction around a bridge abutment. This study attempted to make a comparative analysis between these AI models and empirical equations developed by various researchers. The current research paper utilized a dataset of water depth (Y), flow velocity (V), discharge (Q), and sediment particle diameter (d50) from a controlled laboratory setting. An efficient optimization tool (MATLAB Optimization Tool (version R2023a)) was used to develop a scour estimation formula around bridge abutments. The findings of the current investigation demonstrated the superior performance of the AI models, especially the ANFIS model, over empirical equations by precisely capturing the non-linear and complex interactions between these parameters. Moreover, the result of the sensitivity analysis demonstrated flow velocity and discharge to be the most influencing parameters affecting the scouring depth around a bridge abutment. The results of the current research highlight the precise and accurate prediction of the scouring depth around a bridge abutment using AI models. However, the empirical equation (Equation 2) demonstrated better performance with a higher R-value of 0.90 and a lower MSE value of 0.0012 compared to other empirical equations. The findings revealed that ANFIS, when combined with neural networks and fuzzy logic systems, produced highly accurate and precise results compared to the ANN models.
The Presence of Heavy Metals in Drinking Water and Its Possible Impact on the Development of Type 1 Diabetes in Children
Authors: Zorena Katarzyna , Michalska Małgorzata , Bartoszewicz Maria , Wąż Piotr , Krawczyk Sylwia , Beń-Skowronek Iwona , Myśliwiec Małgorzata
Published: October 2024

This study aimed to determine the relationship between the concentration of heavy metals in drinking water and the number of type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) cases in two regions of Poland. The number of births in 2015-16 in Pomeranian Voivodeship was 50,461, while the number of new T1DM cases was 219. In Lublin Voivodeship, the number of births in the same period reached 39,381, and the number of new T1DM cases was 221. The incidence of T1DM, calculated per 100 live births, amounted to 0.43 and 0.56 in Pomeranian and Lublin. The statistical analysis of collected data proved that the number of new T1DM cases in Pomeranian Voivodeship is correlated to the concentrations of selenium (Se; p < 0.0001), lead (Pb; p < 0.00001), cadmium (Cd; p < 0.00001), zinc (Zn; p < 0.00001) and arsenic (As; p = 0.00001). In the case of Lublin Voivodeship, the number of new T1DM cases was correlated to the concentrations of Se (p = 0.0000001), Pb (p < 0.000001), Cd (p = 0.0000001) and Zn (p < 0.00001) in drinking water. No correlation was found between the number of new T1DM cases and arsenic concentration in the drinking water samples from Lublin Voivodeship. The results indicated that environmental exposure to specific heavy metals may contribute to the risk of T1DM, underscoring the need for stringent environmental controls and public health policies to mitigate these risks.
Experimental Study on the Removal of Pollutants from Domestic Wastewater in a Strongly Constructed Wetland with an Applied Electric Magnetic Field
Authors: Yin Fajin , Ma Rong , Xiong Liechao , Xu Chao , Guo Fengqian , Liu Yungen , Liang Fanfan
Published: October 2024

The addition of physical field enhancement measures to improve the purification effect of vertical flow artificial wetlands has gradually become popular. In this study, a vertical flow artificial wetland system reinforced by electric and magnetic fields was constructed. These fields were first optimized using finite element 3D simulation software to obtain the optimal electric and magnetic field parameters. Then, the pollutant removal effects and changes in microbial community structure were comparatively analyzed. The optimal electromagnetic field parameters (applied voltage of 15 V and applied magnetic field of 20 mT) resulted in significantly enhanced removal rates of chemical oxygen demand (COD), nitrate nitrogen (NH4+-N), total phosphorus (TP), and orthophosphorus (PO43−-P) in wastewater, with rates of 74.47%, 45.44%, 89.85%, and 90.04%, respectively. These rates were notably higher than those observed in the vertical flow artificial wetland system. The microbial community structure analysis revealed that the vertical flow constructed wetland with enhanced electric and magnetic fields exhibited (EM-VFCW) a more diverse and complex microbial community structure. Notably, the abundance of bacteria capable of removing NH4+-N and COD, including Aspergillus, Fusarium, and Actinobacteria, was significantly elevated.
Efficacy of psychotherapy for depressive disorders from the perspective of evidence-based medicine (literature review)
Authors:   FSAEI HE Peoples' Friendship University of Russia named after Patrice Lumumba, Moscow, Medvedev A. D. , Artemyeva M. S. ,   FSAEI HE Peoples' Friendship University of Russia named after Patrice Lumumba, Moscow, Aleksashina K. A. ,   FSAEI HE N. I. Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow, Russia
Published: October 2024

The narrative scientific review is aimed at generalizing the results of the analysis of grouped publications devoted to effective evidence-based methods of non-drug treatment of depressive disorders. The main focus of the analysis was psychotherapeutic methods and their effectiveness, with special emphasis on psychoeducational methods. The search of scientific publications was conducted using set expressions and key words in relevant bibliographic systems and databases (Scientific Electronic Library elibrary.ru, Cyberleninka,PubMed). A total of 78 articles were found; 36 sources were used for citation. Evidence-based psychotherapeutic methods in the treatment of depressive disorders are described, their structure is touched upon, psychoeducational methods are analyzed, and their effectiveness and significance are shown.
Alcohol use and dysfunctional beliefs in students
Authors:   Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education ", Pakriev S. G. ,   Izhevsk State Medical Academy",   of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Selyunina K. A. ,   Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education "Izhevsk State Medical Academy" of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation
Published: October 2024

The article presents the results of a study of dysfunctional beliefs of senior medical university students who consume alcohol (199 people in total). To diagnose patterns of alcohol use, the corresponding fragment of the M.I.N.I. 5.0.0 questionnaire was used. Dysfunctional beliefs were diagnosed by means of an adapted version of Jeffrey Young’s YSQ. Statistical data analysis was performed using the computer program STATISTICA 5.0. At the time of the study, 66.8% of the sample consumed alcohol with varying regularity (the study group), while 33.2% did not drink alcohol (the control group). Compared with the control group, the study group showed significantly higher values for the following deep beliefs: helplessness, unattractiveness, suppression of emotions and needs.
Investigation of Horst-Graben Structures around Gülşehir (Nevşehir-Central Anatolia) with PSInSAR and Lidar
Authors: Demircioğlu Ramazan , Oktar Osman
Published: October 2024

This study examined horst-graben structures in the study area using the Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (PSInSAR) method, and the movements in the line of sight (LOS) were determined. Both field and PSInSAR studies were evaluated together. Accordingly, the uplift observed in the horst-graben structures, and the descending movements observed in the grabens continue today. It has been observed that the faults forming the Horst and Graben structures are active. The structures determined by the field studies are in agreement with the data obtained as a result of the PSInSAR studies. It has been determined that these structures continue to develop even today. The region continues to expand under the extensional tectonic regime.
Implementation of Artificial Intelligence on Personnel Management in a Dynamic Society
Authors: Edwin Edwin Ihechituru , Ogbonna Ugwu Chibuike Chris , Obumnaeme Ilo Kingsley
Published: October 2024

The bedrock of this study is Implementation of Artificial Intelligence (AI) on Personnel Management in a Dynamic Society.. The rapid development and advancement of the digital environment, the increase in computing power, the processing of huge amounts of data and advanced algorithms have not only made AI exceptional and indispensable, but also emerged as a key tool in talent management. Methodologically, the study used secondary data collection sources such as textbooks, magazines, newspapers, journals, and periodical reports. The study found, among other things, that the development of AI leads to errors caused by machines due to programming errors and persistence of discrimination/preferential treatment in recruitment. Therefore, AI is not able to recognize corporate culture and values when evaluating applicants. The paper recommends that companies should focus on updating and training their current employees to avoid job losses due to the emergence of AI and adapt to the current framework conditions, etc. Thus, the paper concludes that the increasing use of AI will have a social and economic impact in this millennium, as it aims at digitalization and development by utilizing AI-inspired decision-making and integrating advanced information systems into multidimensional areas of activity, with a significant impact on various sectors around the world.
Holistic Benefits of Millets in Ayurveda
Authors: Sangamithra A , Aswathy N
Published: October 2024

An examination of millets and Ayurveda demonstrates a deep relationship that goes beyond simple nutrition and provides a comprehensive approach to health. Ancient small-seeded grains called millets and the traditional Indian medical system known as Ayurveda work together to create a symbiotic relationship that connects health, wellbeing, and sustainable life. This essay explores the nutritional analysis of millets, their medicinal applications in Ayurveda, their health advantages, and the role of Ayurveda in endorsing millets as a mainstay for general well-being.
Analytical Study on the Impact of Teaching-Learning of ‘Transformation Geometry’ in Secondary Schools in General using Van Hiele’s Model
Authors: Catherin H
Published: October 2024

An analysis of the methods involved in the teaching-learning of the topics related to Transformation Geometry’ is one of the topics in mathematics in which learners have not been performing very well. The purpose of the study is aimed to identify the difficulties of the learners encounter when learning transformation geometry using Van Hiele’s model. Data was analysed through a process of coding, categorizing, clustering and performance indicators corresponding to the Van Hiele’s model were used in the analysis of data. The result of the study indicated that learners, experienced difficulties to solve problems involving enlargement transformation geometry problems. Learners struggle to grasp the fundamental concepts of enlargement, particularly with the concept of the centre and scale factor. The study findings revealed the challenges faced by the students in comprehending geometrical figures that were transformed to a larger dimension. The Learners inability to understand the steps of transformation geometry because they had insufficient background knowledge on the topic is taken to relevance in this paper writing. The study focuses on the limitations, challenges and remedies being intended for better learning prospects.
ОСТРАЯ ЛЕКАРСТВЕННАЯ ТОКСИКОДЕРМИЯ У РЕБЕНКА РАННЕГО ВОЗРАСТА. КЛИНИЧЕСКИЙ СЛУЧАЙ.
Authors: Л.М. Ахметова , Х.Т. Тохтар , К.Д. Стыбаев
Published: October 2024

Лекарственная токсикодермия чаще всего проявляется как результат длительного введения медикамента и представляет собой вариант лекарственной болезни. Описанный клинический случай демонстрирует лекарственную токсическую реакцию на антибиотик цефалоспоринового ряда. Показывает тяжесть заболевания, динамику нарастания симптомов, течение клинической картины. В последние десятилетия широкое и повсеместное применение различных групп лекарственных препаратов привело к высокому распространению лекарственных токсидермий у детей разных возрастов. Особенно данная проблема актуальна в настоящее время, когда на фармацевтическом рынке преобладает широкий и доступный выбор различных препаратов, в том числе и антибактериальных. Данные, приведенные в статье, будут полезны педиатрам, аллергологам и врачам общей практики.

Drug toxicoderma most often manifests itself as a result of prolonged administration of the drug and is a variant of the drug disease. The described clinical case demonstrates a drug toxic reaction to a cephalosporin antibiotic. Shows the severity of the disease, the dynamics of the increase in symptoms, the course of the clinical picture. In recent decades, the widespread and widespread use of various groups of drugs has led to a high prevalence of drug toxidermia in children of different ages. This problem is especially relevant at the present time, when the pharmaceutical market is dominated by a wide and affordable choice of various drugs, including antibacterial ones. The data presented in the article will be useful to pediatricians, allergists and general practitioners.

Дәрілік токсикодермия көбінесе препаратты ұзақ уақыт қабылдау нәтижесінде көрінеді және есірткі ауруының нұсқасы болып табылады. Сипатталған клиникалық жағдай цефалоспориндік антибиотикке дәрілік токсикалық реакцияны көрсетеді. Аурудың ауырлығын, симптомдардың күшею динамикасын, клиникалық көріністің ағымын көрсетеді. Соңғы онжылдықтарда әртүрлі топтағы препараттарды кеңінен және кеңінен қолдану әртүрлі жастағы балаларда есірткі токсидермиясының жоғары таралуына әкелді. Бұл мәселе әсіресе фармацевтикалық нарықта әртүрлі дәрі-дәрмектердің, соның ішінде бактерияға қарсы препараттардың кең және қолжетімді таңдауы басым болған қазіргі уақытта өзекті болып табылады. Мақалада келтірілген деректер педиатрларға, аллергологтарға және жалпы тәжірибелік дәрігерлерге пайдалы болады.
Breaking into the Playground of Privilege: An Analysis of GT Program Identification Procedures
Authors: Mehta Maneet
Published: October 2024

This research seeks to identify solutions to minority exclusion within Gifted and Talented (GT) education programs. Minority students are consistently underrepresented within these programs, highlighting and reinforcing deeper social disparities. This exclusion is perpetuated in part by inequitable identification procedures implemented by school districts. This research conducts a study of relevant literature and compiles interviews of experts in the field of gifted education to identify the causes of and solutions to a lack of minority representation within GT programs. The study finds that parent/teacher nominations, biased standardized tests, and socioeconomic factors can typically be barriers to identification. Universal screening, local norming, and frontloading are identified as strategies to be implemented to improve minority inclusion.
Prediction the Level of the Electromagnetic Background Created by Constellations of Satellites Near the Earth’s Surface Using Registration Data
Authors: Mordachev V. I. , Svistunou A. S. , Tsyanenka D. A.
Published: October 2024

A technique has been proposed for predicting the average intensity of electromagnetic background created near the Earth’s surface by a constellation of communication satellites, taking into account the number of satellites in the constellation, the satellite total radiated power, parameters of its radiation in the main and side lobes, the orbit altitude and restrictions on the tilt angle of service of ground-based equipment. The results of the analysis of the dependence of the average electromagnetic background levels at the Earth’s surface on the number of satellites in the constellation under various scenarios for the implementation of information services for terrestrial subscriber terminals are presented, conﬁrming the adequacy of the developed approach. It is concluded that the expected levels of electromagnetic background in the microwave range created by megaconstellations of low-orbit communication satellites are many orders of magnitude higher than the levels of electromagnetic background of natural origin, which signiﬁcantly changes the physical characteristics of the habitat.
The Influence of Rapid Heat Treatment During the Formation of Aluminum-Polysilicon Contacts on the Electrical Parameters of CMOS Microcircuits
Authors: Pilipenko V. A. , Kovalchuk N. S. , Solovjov Ja. A. , Shestovski D. V. , Zhyhulin D. V.
Published: October 2024

The inﬂuence of rapid heat treatment (450 °C, 7 s) on the electrical parameters of CMOS integrated circuits during the formation of ohmic contact between aluminum metallization and polysilicon is considered. The following volt-ampere characteristics of the dependence of drain current on voltage were chosen as the analyzed parameters of n- and p-channel transistors: at the gate when diode-connected; on the drain at diﬀerent gate voltages; on the drain in the channel breakdown mode without applying potential to the gate. A comparison of these parameters was carried out with respect to microcircuits manufactured using standard technology (450 °C, 20 min) to form these contacts. Analysis of the results showed that the use of rapid heat treatment to form an ohmic aluminum-polysilicon contact can signiﬁcantly improve the above characteristics of n-MOS and p-MOS transistors. From the current-voltage characteristics of n- and p-channel transistors it follows that in the region of gate voltages greater than 0.65 V, the drain current after long-term heat treatment is higher than after quick heat treatment. Analysis of the current-voltage characteristics of the drain current versus the drain voltage showed that the drain current when using long-term heat treatment is signiﬁcantly higher than after rapid heat treatment. In this case, for long-term heat treatment, there is a decrease in the channel breakdown voltage only for n-channel transistors and an increase in the drain current in the region of more than 5 V for both n- and p-channel transistors. Such improvements occur by eliminating the formation of polysilicon conglomerates in the aluminum contact, signiﬁcantly reducing the epitaxial recrystallization of silicon doped with aluminum on the silicon surface, as well as reducing the microrelief of the interface of this contact and reducing the growth in the size of contact windows due to the lateral interaction of aluminum with polysilicon.
Estimating the Orbital Parameters of a Nanosatellite When Measuring the Total Electron Content in the Ionosphere Based on the Retransmission of GPS Navigation Signals
Authors: Kaplarchuk E. A. , Kozlov S. V. , Shapkin A. S.
Published: October 2024

A method for estimating the orbital parameters of a nanosatellite-relay, implemented by measuring the total electron content in the ionosphere based on relaying GPS navigation signals at frequencies of 150/400 MHz, is substantiated. The method involves estimating the Cartesian coordinates of the nanosatellite-relay based on the results of measurements of the total ranges “navigation satellite – nanosatellite relay – ground receiving point”, obtaining estimates of the orbital plane inclination angle and the longitude of the ascending node using the least squares method, and estimating the remaining orbital parameters using the maximum likelihood method. Simulation results and accuracy characteristics of the proposed method are presented. It is shown that for a typical signal-to-noise ratio in the equipment of the receiving point and an observation time of the nanosatellite-relay of 600–800 s, the mean square errors in estimating the orbital parameters of the nanosatellite-relay are: for angular quantities – fractions of arc seconds, the semi-major axis of the ellipse – 4–5 m, eccentricity – 2–3 ppm.
DEVELOPMENT OF THE REGIONAL SCIENTIFIC AND TECHNOLOGICAL SPHERE
Authors:   Ural law institute of the Ministry of internal affairs of the Russian Federation, Bazhenov Sergey Ivanovich
Published: October 2024

The main issue on the agenda not only at the federal level, but also in the global system is technological leadership. The achievement of national (technological) security is achievable through the cooperative construction of the scientific community, business entrepreneurship and the state. In this article, the authors draw attention to the three-pronged model of promoting scientific and technological development. The key link in it is the region. The region as a meso-level represents a conduit between scientific research and enterprises that balance sustainable regional development. Currently, it is extremely important to take into account the needs of enterprises in view of the limited market. The necessary components and materials must be made from Russian products. To do this, it is necessary to create a "bridge" between the scientific community, which is engaged in scientific and experimental design developments. The main directions of scientific and technological development are highlighted, the outline of scientific and technological results in the context of achieving technological safety is defined. Since the maximization of the results of scientific and technological creativity contributes to the increase of production potential, which in turn contributes to the expansion and achievement of human resources, satisfaction of the needs of the population. The article presents and analyzes statistical data on the development of individual subjects of the Russian Federation, which are leaders in scientific and technological development in the rating of the same name. At the same time, the key challenges that affect the speed of development of scientific and technological directions are highlighted. The authors propose, as a management decision to improve the technological development of the region as a key element in ensuring national (technological) security, the development of strategic documents, scientific and technological development programs, which are accompanied by a number of measures. The article proposes these measures and indicates their timely correction in the conditions of the world order and the geopolitical situation.