bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Systematic ichnology of the Mabou and Cumberland groups (Carboniferous) of western Cape Breton Island, eastern Canada, 1: burrows, pits, trails, and coprolites
Authors: Keighley Dave G. , Pickerill Ron K.
Published: September 2014

Strata of the Mabou and Cumberland groups (Namurian-Westphalian A) outcrop extensively in western Cape Breton Island. Trace fossils were encountered at various localities, and include: Circulichnus montanus (nom. correct.), Cochlichnus anguineus, Cochlichnus isp., Conichnus isp., Cruziana problematica, Didymaulichnus cf. lyelli, Diplopodichnus biformis, Gordia marina, Helminthopsis abeli, Helminthopsis hieroglyphic a, Palaeophycus striatus, cf. Palaeophycus, Phycodes pedum, Planolites beverleyensis, Planolites terraenovae, cf. Planolites, Rusophycus carbonarius, cf. Rusophycus, Selenichnites isp., Taenidium barrette, cf. iaenidium, Thalassinoides suevicus, Undichnus binus (nom. correct.), Undichnus consulcus (nom. correct.), cf. Undichnus, coprolites, interface trails (types A, B, and C), plug-shaped burrows, small ovate pits (types A, B, and C), and vertical 'escape' structures. In total (including tracks and trackways not described herein), twenty-two ichnogenera have been identified that comprise a total of eighteen named ichnospecies, eight ichnospecies retained in open nomenclature, and thirteen unnamed ichnospecies. A further ten trace-fossil morphologies (comprising twenty different types) are retained in the vernacular.

RÉSUMÉ

On trouve de vastes affleurements de strates des groupes de Mabou et de Cumberland (Namurien - Westphalien A) dans l'ouest de l’ile du Cap-Breton. On y a relevé des ichnofossiles en divers endroits, notamment: le Circulichnus montanus (nom corrigi), le Cochlichnus anguineus, le Cochlichnus isp., le Conichnus isp., le Cruziana problematica, le Didymaulichnus cf. lyelli, le Diplopodichnus biformis, le Gordia marina, le Helminthopsis abeli, le Helminthopsis hieroglyphica, le Palaeophycus striatus, cf. le Palaeophycus, le Phycodes pedum, le Planolites beverleyensis, le Planolites terraenovae, cf. le Planolites, le Rusophycus carbonarius, cf. le Rusophycus, le Selenichnites isp., le Taenidium barrette, cf. le Taenidium, le Thalassinoides suevicus, VUndichnus binus (nom corrigi), l'Undichnus consulcus (nom corrige), cf. V Undichnus, des coprolites, des pistes de reptation de jonction (types A, B et C), des trous de forme cylindrique, de petites fossettes ovies (types A, B et C) et des structures de " fuite " verticales. On a relevé au total (et ce, y compris des traces et des traces non dècrits aux presentes) 22 ichnogenres comprenant 18 ichnoespéces nommiées, huit ichnoespèces retenues dans une nomenclature ouverte et 13 ichnoespèces sans nom. On retient en plus les noms vulgaires de dix autres formes d'ichnofossiles (qui comprennent 20 types différents)

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Note on Pterygotus anglicus Agassiz (Eurypterida: Devonian) from the Campbellton Formation, New Brunswick
Authors: Miller Randall F.
Published: September 2014

Fragments of the large euryptcrid Pterygotus, recently collected from the Devonian Campbellton Formation at Atholville, New Brunswick, are identified as belonging to P. anglicus Agassiz. The only previous Pterygotus specimens from this site, collected in 1881, were assigned to a new species P. atlanticus Clarke and Ruedemann, in 1912. Clarke and Ruedcmann's suggestion that P. atlanticus might turn out to be a small specimen of P. anglicus is supported by this new find. However, possible revision of P. atlanticus awaits the discovery of additional, more complete, material.

RÉSUMÉ

On a déterminé que les fragments du grand euryptéride Pterygotus récemment recueillis dans la Formation dévonienne de Campbellton à Atholville, Nouveau-Brunswick, appartenaient au P, anglicus Agassiz. Les seuls spécimens antérieurs de Pterygotus de cet emplacement, préIevés en 1881, avaient été attribués à une nouvelle espèce, le P. atlanticus, par Clarke et Ruedemann, en 1912. Cette nouvelle découverte appuie l’hypothese de Clarke et Ruedemann à l'effet que Ie P. atlanticus pourrait en réalité constituer un petit spécimen de P. anglicus. La révision possible de la nature du P. atlanticus nécessitera néanmoins la découverte de matériel supplémentaire plus complet.

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Late-glacial Coleoptera and the paleoclimate at Hirtles, Nova Scotia
Authors: Miller Randall F.
Published: September 2014

Paleoentomological studies of Coleoptera from a late-glacial site at Hirtles, Nova Scotia, Canada, produced a tundra-treeline to northern boreal assemblage during the interval 12,300 to 11,700 years B.P. This is one of the oldest late-glacial buried organic deposits in the Maritime Provinces of Canada and provides fossil beetle evidence for recently deglaciated environments in the region. Bark beetles indicate the presence of trees, perhaps as early as 11,900 years B.P. A comparison can be made with contemporaneous sites in central and eastern North America where coleopteran evidence suggests warmer temperatures. Coleoptera fossils demonstrate evidence of a climatic gradient from the Great Lakes to eastern Canada during this time interval possibly greater than occurs today.

RÉSUMÉ

Des études paléoentomologiques de coléopteres d'un emplacement tardiglaciaire, à Hirtes, en Nouvelle-&#xX9;cosse, au Canada, ont permis l'etablissement d'une limite de végétation des arbres et de toundra pour la florizone boréale septentrionale pendant l'intervalle de 12 300 à 11 700 ans avant le present. Il s'agit de l'un des plus anciens dépôts organiques tardiglaciaires enfouis dans les provinces maritimes canadiennes; il fournit une preuve de l'existence de coléopteres fossiles dans la région. L'existence de scolytes révèle la présence d'arbres, peut-être des 11 900 ans avant le présent. On peut effectuer une comparaison avec des emplacements contemporains dans le centre et Pest de l'Amérique du Nord, oû la preuve de la présence de coléopteres permet de supposer des températures plus chaudes. Les fossiles de coléoptères demontrent qu'il a existé pendant cet intervalle un gradient climatique possiblement supérieur à celui d'aujourd'hui, des Grands Lacs à l'Est du Canada.

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Multiple breccia events in the lower part of the Carboniferous Windsor Group, Nova Scotia
Authors: Lavoie D. , Sangster D. F. , Savard M. M. , Fallara F.
Published: September 2014

Base metal occurrences in the Carboniferous Windsor Group are commonly associated with carbonate breccias of which three types are recognized: one synsedimentary, one tectonic and one post-burial karstic. The synsedimentary type occurs in the Macumber Formation and in the so-called Pembroke siderite (Walton area); sedimentologic and diagenetic elements indicate rotational slides on a deep-water slope. The tectonic breccia occurs along the top of the Macumbcr Formation and is a manifestation of the Ainslie Detachment, a flat-lying extcnsional fault. Finally, what is referred to as the Pembroke breccia consists of irregularly distributed, post-burial, post-tectonic, post-mineralization, karstic, solution-collapse breccia. The synsedimentary and tectonic breccias are either pre- or syn-ore, although, both have played a key role in localizing mineral deposition through enhanced permeability, as exemplified by the Jubilee and Walton deposits.

RÉSUMÉ

Les minéralisations métalliferes dans le Groupe de Windsor (Carbonifere) sont généralement associées à des brèches à carbonates desquelles trois types sont reconnues: l'une synsédimentaire, une tectonique et une post-enfouissement karstique. La breche synsédimentaire est présente dans la Formation de Macumber et dans l'unité connue comme la Sidérite de Pembroke (région de Walton); les éléments sédimentologiques et diaginétiques suggèrent des glissements rotation els sur une pente en eau profonde. Une brèche tectonique est présente au sommet de la Formation de Macumber, die est la manifestation du Détachement d'Ainslie, une faille extensionnelle sub-horizontale. Finalement, ce qui est désigné comme la brèche de Pembroke consiste en une brèche karstique d'effondrcment par solution, laquelle est post-enfouissement, post-tectonisme, post-minéralisation et à distribution très iirégulière. Les breches synsédimentaires et tectoniques sont soit pre- ou syn-minéralisation, cependant, ces deux dernières ont joué un rôle crucial dans la localisation des depots minéralises en augmentant la perméabilité des unités, comme illustré par les dépôts de Jubilee et de Walton.
Geochemistry of the Annidale Group: implications for the tectonic setting of Lower Ordovician volcanism in southwestern New Brunswick
Authors: MacLeod M. J. , Winchester J. A. , Ruitenberg A. A.
Published: September 2014

Chemical analyses from volcanic rocks in the Lower Ordovician Annidale Group in southern New Brunswick indicate that it contains two main suites. The volumetrically more abundant suite is bimodal, and consists of within-plate tholeiitic basalt and myolite. The other suite contains rocks that exhibit features indicative of oceanic or possibly subduction-related magmatism. The chemistry of the former suite is consistent with the current interpretation that Ordovician volcanism in southwestern New Brunswick occurred in a back-arc basin. The latter suite, situated near the highly-sheared southeastern margin of the Annidale Group, apparently contains remnants of a different magmatic series near the suture zone between the Gander Zone and the surface expression of the Avalon Zone to the southeast.

RÉSUMÉ

Les analyses chimiques des roches volcaniques du Groupe d'Annidale, de l'Ordovicien inférieur, dans le sud du Nouvcau-Brunswick indique que celui-ci comprend deux suites principales. La suite la plus abondante en termes de volume est bimodale et comprend des basaltes tholéiitiqucs intraplaques et des rhyolites. L'autre suite contient des roches qui montrent des caractéristiques indiquant un magmatisme océanique ou possiblement relic; a la subduction. La chimie de la première suite est en accord avec l'interprétation prévalant actuellement voulant que le volcanisme ordovicien du sud du Nouveau-Brunswick ait eu lieu dans un bassin d'arrière-arc. La seconde suitée, située près de la bordure sud-est, fortement cisaillée, du Groupe d'Annidale, contient apparemment des reliques d'une séine magmatique différente près de la zone de suture entre la zone de Gander et Pexpression en surface de la zone d'Avalon vers le sud-est.

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Cenozoic micropaleontological biostratigraphy of the LASMO/NSR(V)L Cohasset Producer CP1 P-51 well, Scotian Shelf
Authors: Thomas F. C.
Published: September 2014

Cuttings samples from the Cenozoic section of the well LASMO/NSR(V)L Cohasset Producer CP1 P-Sl (Cohasset field, Scotian Shelf) have been analyzed for microfossil content These closely spaced samples contain assemblages of fora-minifera and other microfossils of Paleocene to early Middle Miocene age, based both on diagnostic planktonic foraminifera and some regional benthic markers. A single major break or reduction in deposition has removed or compressed strata of Late Eocene age, suggesting an unconformity or hiatus between Oligocene and upper Middle Eocene strata.

The microfossil assemblages suggest a middle to upper bathyal environment for this site during most of the Paleogene, grading up into neritic conditions in the Oligocene and Miocene. Relatively silty and later sandy deposits at the site may have reduced or diluted microfossil numbers and diversities. An eroding Mesozoic outcrop in the area contributed Late Cretaceous contaminants during the Paleogene.

RÉSUMÉ

Des échantillons d'éclats de roche provenant dc la portion cénozoique du puits producteur de Cohasset CP1 P-Sl LASMO/NSR(V)L (champ de Cohasset, plate-forme écossaise) ont été analysés pour leur contenu en microfossiles. Ces échantillons peu espacés contiennent des assemblages de foraminifères et d'autres microfossiles d'âges allant du Paléocene jusqu'au début du Miocène moyen, d'après de foraminifères planctoniques diagnostiques et quelques marqueurs benthiqucs régionaux. Une seule discontinuité majeure ou ralentissement de déposition a enlevé ou aminci les strates d'âge Éocene tardif, suggérant une discordance ou un hiatus cntre les strates oligocènes et du sommet de l'Éocene moyen.

Les assemblages de microfossiles suggèrent des environnements bathyaux moyens è supérieurs pour ce site pendant la plupart du Palèogéne, allant graduellement à des conditions néritiques a l'Oligocène et au Miocene. Des dépôts relativement silteux et plus tard saWeux à cet endroit ont pu réduire ou diluer le nombre et la diversité des microfossiles. Un affleurement de roches mésozoiques qui s'érodait dans cette région a introduit des contaminants cretacés pendant le Paléogène.

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Mercury in till and bedrock southeast of Kejimkujik National Park, Nova Scotia
Authors: Culgin Belinda M. , Goodwin Terry A.
Published: September 2014

Loons in Kejimkujik National Park, located in southwestern Nova Scotia, contain the highest mercury concentrations in blood of any breeding loon population tested in North America. A team of multi-disciplinary scientists has completed extensive research within and around the park in an attempt to identify the source(s) and process(es) that may be responsible for the high levels of mercury. One aspect of the research involved the collection of 32 C-horizon till samples from depths ranging from 70 to 120 cm. The samples were collected at 100 to 200 m intervals from three northwest-southeast transects that cross the inferred contact between the Halifax and Goldenville formations south of the Kejimkujik National Park boundary. Geochemical analysis (<63 µm size fraction) of the till indicates that the mean Hg concentrations are 40.8 ppb for till overlying slate of the Halifax Formation, and 32.4 ppb for till overlying greywacke of the Goldenville Formation. Chemical analyses of 9 bedrock samples (<105 µm size fraction) returned very low Hg concentrations (mean 2.4 ppb). Strict quality assurance/quality control protocols were followed in the collection, preparation, and analysis of the till and bedrock samples.

RÉSUMÉ

Les huards du parc national Kejimkujik, situé dans le Sud de la Nouvelle-Écosse, présentent les concentrations de mercure dans le sang les plus élevées parmi toutes les populations de huards examinées en Amérique du Nord. Une équipe pluridisciplinaire de scientiﬁques a réalisé des travaux de recherche approfondis à l'intérieur et à proximité du parc pour tenter de repérer la ou les sources et le ou les processus à l'origine des concentrations élevées de mercure. Un volet de ces recherches a comporté le prélèvement de 32 échantillons de till de l'horizon C à des profondeurs variant entre 70 et 120 cm. Les échantillons ont été prélevés à des intervalles de 100 à 200 m à l'intérieur de trois transects du nord-ouest au sud-est traversant la présumée zone de contact entre les formations d'Halifax et de Goldenville, au sud de la limite du parc national Kejimkujik. Une analyse géochimique (fraction d'une dimension de moins de 63 µm) du till révèle des concentrations moyennes de Hg de 40,8 p.p. 109 b dans le till recouvrant l'ardoise de la Formation d'Halifax et de 32,4 p.p. 109 dans le till recouvrant la grauwacke de la Formation de Goldenville. Des analyses chimiques de neuf échantillons de substrat rocheux (fraction d'une dimension de moins de 105 µm) ont accusé des concentrations très faibles de Hg (en moyenne 2,4 p.p. 109). Les chercheurs ont suivi des protocoles rigoureux d'assurance/de contrôle de la qualité lors du prélèvement, de la préparation et de l'analyse des échantillons de till et de roche du substratum.

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Evidence for historic coastal high-energy wave impact (tsunami?) in North Wales, United Kingdom
Authors: Haslett Simon K. , Bryant Edward A.
Published: September 2014

Understanding the contribution of high-energy events (e.g. storms, tsunami) to coastal evolution is currently much debated. Field investigations in North Wales on Anglesey and the Lleyn Peninsula have identified four sites where imbricated boulder trains occur that are discriminators of wave characteristics. Clast analysis indicates that storm wave heights (c. 20 m), in excess of known extremes (5 - <9 m), are required to transport them. A possible explanation is the historic impact of tsunami (≥5 m high) that may be likely through time as the region is one of the most seismically active regions of the British Isles. Field evidence suggests that such a high wave energy event has not recurred along this coast within the last 400 years.

Résumé

L’interprétation de la contribution des phénomènes de haute énergie (p. ex. tempêtes, tsunamis) à l’évolution des côtes fait présentement l’objet de beaucoup de débats. Des études sur le terrain dans le Nord du pays de Galles sur l’île d’Anglesey et sur la presqu’île de Lleyn ont défini quatre emplacements qui présentent des traînées de blocs rocheux constituant des discriminateurs des caractéristiques des vagues. Une analyse des clastes révèle qu’il faut des hauteurs de vagues de tempête (environ 20 m), supérieures aux extrêmes connus (5 à moins de 9 m), pour les transporter. Une explication plausible réside dans l’incidence historique des tsunamis (≥ 5 m de hauteur) ayant pu être causés a) par un glissement sous-marin au large de la bordure de la plate-forme continentale ou de la dépression Rockall, b) par l’activité sismique, car la région constitue l’une des régions les plus actives des îles Britanniques sur le plan sismique ou c) par l’incidence de débris de comète dans l’Atlantique nord, un événement candidat étant survenu vers 1014 de notre ère. Des indices sur le terrain laissent supposer qu’aucun phénomène de haute énergie de vagues de ce genre ne s’est reproduit le long de cette côte au cours des 400 dernières années.

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Sir Charles Lyell's travels in New Brunswick, Canada, in 1852
Authors: Miller Randall F. , Buhay Diane N.
Published: September 2014

Abstract

Geologist Sir Charles Lyell made a brief visit to New Brunswick, Canada, during his 1852 visit to North America. Lyell traveled to Albert Mines during the peak of the albertite controversy, visited the Reversing Falls and graphite mines in Saint John, and took a steamboat trip up the Saint John River to Fredericton where he visited his friend, Lieutenant Governor Sir Edmund Head. Lyell’s friendship with Head likely had a long-term effect on the development of geological sciences in New Brunswick and Canada. New Brunswick newspapers followed Charles Lyell’s travels through the province and expressed hope that Lyell’s observations on the geology of New Brunswick would cast a favourable opinion on the province’s geological wealth and foster economic development.

Résumé

Le géologue Sir Charles Lyell a effectué un bref arrêt au Nouveau-Brunswick, Canada, au cours de sa visite de 1852 en Amérique du Nord. Lyell s’est rendu à Albert Mines au moment culminant de la controverse au sujet de l’albertite; il a visité les chutes réversibles et les mines de graphite de Saint-Jean; et il a remonté en vapeur le fleuve Saint-Jean jusqu’à Fredericton, où il a rendu visite à son ami, le lieutenant-gouverneur Sir Edmund Head. L’amitié de Lyell et Head a probablement eu un effet de longue durée sur l’essor des sciences de la terre au Nouveau-Brunswick et au Canada. Les journaux du Nouveau-Brunswick ont suivi les déplacements de Charles Lyell à l’intérieur de la province; ils ont exprimé l’espoir que les observations de Lyell sur la géologie du Nouveau-Brunswick engendreraient une opinion favorable sur la richesse géologique de la province et qu’elles favoriseraient le développement économique.
A Cordaixylon axis from well-drained alluvial plain facies in the Lower Pennsylvanian Joggins Formation of Nova Scotia
Authors: Falcon-Lang Howard J.
Published: September 2014

Plant remains showing preservation of cellular anatomy are rare in the Lower Pennsylvanian Joggins Formation of Nova Scotia. Here I report an anatomically preserved cordaitalean axis that shows endarch maturation and a sympodial vascular architecture. The specimen belongs to the morphogenus Cordaixylon, but in the absence of extraxylary tissue or attached fertile material, it cannot be assigned to a species. Together with a previously reported Mesoxylon axis with mesarch and non-sympodial vasculature, the new discovery demonstrates the existence of both major organizational types of cordaitalean at this locality. Previous reports have identified Cordaixylon as a plant that preferred peat mire environments. In this paper, the morphogenus is recorded from well-drained alluvial plain facies, thus extending knowledge of its ecological range.

Résumé

Les vestiges de plantes présentant une préservation de l’anatomie cellulaire sont rares à l’intérieur de la Formation du Pennsylvanien inférieur de Joggins, en Nouvelle-Écosse. Je fais part dans les présentes d’un axe de cordaitaléen natomiquement préservé qui affiche une maturation circulaire à partir de l’intérieur et une architecture vasculaire sympodiale. Le spécimen fait partie du morphogenre Cordaixylon, mais en l’absence de tissu extraxylaire ou de matière fertile y étant fixée, on ne peut pas le rattacher à une espèce donnée. La nouvelle découverte, conjuguée à un axe de Mesoxylon précédemment signalé qui comportait une vasculature non sympodiale à éléments en spirale internes, révèle l’existence des deux principaux types structuraux de cordaitaléens à cet emplacement. Des rapports antérieurs avaient défini le Cordaixylon en tant que plante préférant les environnements à bourbiers de tourbe. Le présent document fait état de l’observation du morphogenre d’un faciès de plaine alluviale bien drainée, ce qui étend notre connaissance de son aire de distribution écologique.
From ‘9-11’ to the ‘Iraq War 2003’
Authors: McGoldrick Dominic
Published: September 2014

This book is a tale of two towers,two wars and two visions. The two towers are those of the World Trade Center in New York, destroyed by a terrorist attack on 11 September 2001. The two wars are the War Against Terrorism and the War on Iraq. The two visions are of the international legal and political order for the twenty-first century. The issues involved in the War Against Terrorism and the War on Iraq are of fundamental importance because they may define the shape of international order for the twenty-first century.

The book has a number of themes. First, it considers the principal international law and international order issues involved in the War Against Terrorism and in the War on Iraq in 2003. Specific attention is given to the application of international humanitarian and international human rights law in the wars. Secondly it asks how the international debate on the Iraq War was conducted and why? Finally it questions whether the post-1945 system of international laws and organizations is capable of surviving, and in what form?

Chapter one outlines how the relationship between war and the international legal order has evolved and introduces the idea of ‘complexity theory’ as a framework for understanding the events and issues considered in this book. Chapter two considers the pattern of events from the attacks on the US on 9-11 to the Iraq War 2003. Chapter three addresses the issues of law and morality involved in the War Against Terrorism and the War on Iraq. Chapter four focuses on the moral and legal debate around the War on Iraq and chapter five considers the systemic consequences for international law doctrine and practice, giving particular weight to US policy and approaches and how other states have responded to them. Chapter six appraises the post-war situation in Iraq in terms of political and economic organisation and human rights. It also assesses the consequences of the status of post-war Iraq for the wider region. Chapter seven concludes the book by examining the possible implications of the War Against Terrorism and the War on Iraq for world order in the twenty-first century.
A depolarisation lidar based method for the determination of liquid-cloud microphysical properties
Authors: Donovan D. P. , Klein Baltink H. , Henzing J. S. , de Roode S. R. , Siebesma A. P.
Published: September 2014

Abstract. The fact that polarisation lidars measure a depolarisation signal in liquid clouds due to the occurrence of multiple-scattering is well-known. The degree of measured depolarisation depends on the lidar characteristics (e.g. wavelength and receiver field-of-view) as well as the cloud macrophysical (e.g. liquid water content) and microphysical (e.g. effective radius) properties. Efforts seeking to use depolarisation information in a quantitative manner to retrieve cloud properties have been undertaken with, arguably, limited practical success. In this work we present a retrieval procedure applicable to clouds with (quasi-)linear liquid water content (LWC) profiles and (quasi-)constant cloud droplet number density in the cloud base region. Thus limiting the applicability of the procedure allows us to reduce the cloud variables to two parameters (namely the derivative of the liquid water content with height and the extinction at a fixed distance above cloud-base). This simplification, in turn, allows us to employ a fast and robust optimal-estimation inversion using pre-computed look-up-tables produced using extensive lidar Monte-Carlo multiple-scattering simulations. In this paper, we describe the theory behind the inversion procedure and successfully apply it to simulated observations based on large-eddy simulation model output. The inversion procedure is then applied to actual depolarisation lidar data corresponding to a range of cases taken from the Cabauw measurement site in the central Netherlands. The lidar results were then used to predict the corresponding cloud-base region radar reflectivities. In non-drizzling condition, it was found that the lidar inversion results can be used to predict the observed radar reflectivities with an accuracy within the radar calibration uncertainty (2–3 dBZ). This result strongly supports the accuracy of the lidar inversion results. Results of a comparison between ground-based aerosol number concentration and lidar-derived cloud droplet number densities are also presented and discussed. The observed relationship between the two quantities is seen to be consistent with the results of previous studies based on aircraft-based in situ measurements.
The structure of fast sausage waves in current-carrying coronal loops
Authors: Bembitov D. B. , Mikhalyaev B. B. , Ruderman M. S.
Published: September 2014

Abstract. We study fast sausage waves in a model coronal loop that consists of a cylindrical core with axial magnetic field and coaxial annulus with purely azimuthal magnetic field. The magnetic field is discontinuous at the tube and core boundaries, and there are surface currents with the opposite directions on these boundaries. The principal mode of fast sausage waves in which the magnetic pressure perturbation has no nodes in the radial direction can exist for arbitrary wavelength. The results for the fundamental radial mode of sausage waves are applied to the interpretation of observed periodic pulsations of microwave emission in flaring loops with periods of a few tens of seconds. Radial plasma motion has opposite directions at the tube and core boundaries. This leads to the periodic contraction and expansion of the annulus. We assume that the principal mode of fast sausage waves in the current-carrying coronal loops is able to produce a current sheet. However, the nonlinear analysis is needed to confirm this conjecture.
Millennial minimum temperature variations in the Qilian Mountains, China: evidence from tree rings
Authors: Zhang Y. , Shao X. M. , Yin Z.-Y. , Wang Y.
Published: September 2014

Abstract. A 1343-year tree-ring chronology was developed from Qilian junipers in the central Qilian Mountains of the northeastern Tibetan Plateau (TP), China. The climatic implications of this chronology were investigated using simple correlation, partial correlation and response function analyses. The chronology was significantly positively correlated with temperature variables prior to and during the growing season, especially with monthly minimum temperature. Minimum temperature anomalies from January to August since AD 670 were then reconstructed based on the tree-ring chronology. The reconstruction explained 58% of the variance in the instrumental temperature records during the calibration period (1960–2012) and captured the variation patterns in minimum temperature at the annual to centennial timescales over the past millennium. The most recent 50 years were the warmest period, while 1690–1880 was the coldest period since AD 670. Comparisons with other temperature series from neighbouring regions and for the Northern Hemisphere as a whole supported the validity of our reconstruction and suggested that it provided a good regional representation of temperature change in the northeastern Tibetan Plateau. The results of wavelet analysis showed the occurrence of significant quasi-periodic patterns at a number of recurring periods (2–4, 40–50, and 90–170 years), which were consistent with those associated with El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO), Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO) and solar activity. The comparison between the reconstructed temperature and the index of tropical volcanic radiative forcing indicated that some cold events recorded by tree rings may be due to the impact of tropical volcanic eruptions.
A hydrogeologic framework for characterizing summer streamflow sensitivity to climate warming in the Pacific Northwest, USA
Authors: Safeeq M. , Grant G. E. , Lewis S. L. , Kramer M. G. , Staab B.
Published: September 2014

Abstract. Summer streamflows in the Pacific Northwest are largely derived from melting snow and groundwater discharge. As the climate warms, diminishing snowpack and earlier snowmelt will cause reductions in summer streamflow. Most regional-scale assessments of climate change impacts on streamflow use downscaled temperature and precipitation projections from general circulation models (GCMs) coupled with large-scale hydrologic models. Here we develop and apply an analytical hydrogeologic framework for characterizing summer streamflow sensitivity to a change in the timing and magnitude of recharge in a spatially explicit fashion. In particular, we incorporate the role of deep groundwater, which large-scale hydrologic models generally fail to capture, into streamflow sensitivity assessments. We validate our analytical streamflow sensitivities against two empirical measures of sensitivity derived using historical observations of temperature, precipitation, and streamflow from 217 watersheds. In general, empirically and analytically derived streamflow sensitivity values correspond. Although the selected watersheds cover a range of hydrologic regimes (e.g., rain-dominated, mixture of rain and snow, and snow-dominated), sensitivity validation was primarily driven by the snow-dominated watersheds, which are subjected to a wider range of change in recharge timing and magnitude as a result of increased temperature. Overall, two patterns emerge from this analysis: first, areas with high streamflow sensitivity also have higher summer streamflows as compared to low-sensitivity areas. Second, the level of sensitivity and spatial extent of highly sensitive areas diminishes over time as the summer progresses. Results of this analysis point to a robust, practical, and scalable approach that can help assess risk at the landscape scale, complement the downscaling approach, be applied to any climate scenario of interest, and provide a framework to assist land and water managers in adapting to an uncertain and potentially challenging future.
Analysing the spatial patterns of erosion scars using point process theory at the coastal chalk cliff of Mesnil-Val, (Normandy, Northern France)
Authors: Rohmer J. , Dewez D.
Published: September 2014

Abstract. Over the last decade, many cliff erosion studies have focused on frequency-size statistics using inventories of sea cliff retreat sizes. By comparison, only a few paid attention to quantifying the spatial and temporal organisation of erosion scars over a cliff face. Yet, this spatial organisation carries essential information about the external processes and the environmental conditions that promote or initiate sea-cliff instabilities. In this article, we use summary statistics of spatial point process theory as a tool to examine the spatial and temporal pattern of a rockfall inventory recorded with repeated terrestrial laser scanning surveys at the chalk coastal cliff site of Mesnil-Val (Normandy, France). Results show that: (1) the spatial density of erosion scars is specifically conditioned alongshore by the distance to an engineered concrete groin, with an exponential-like decreasing trend, and vertically focused both at wave breaker height and on strong lithological contrasts; (2) small erosion scars (10−3–10−2 m3) aggregate in clusters within a radius of 5 to 10 m, which suggests some sort of attraction or focused causative process, and disperse above this critical distance; (3) on the contrary, larger erosion scars (10−2–101 m3) tend to disperse above a radius of 1 to 5 m, possibly due to the spreading of successive failures across the cliff face; (4) large scars significantly occur albeit moderately, where previous large rockfalls have occurred during preceeding winter; (5) this temporal trend is not apparent for small events. In conclusion, this study shows, with a worked example, how spatial point process summary statistics are a tool to test and quantify the significance of geomorphological observation organisation.
Carlotta Monterey O'Neill's “Memorial for Gene”
Authors: King William Davies
Published: September 2014

Carlotta Monterey O'Neill's decision to release Long Day's Journey Into Night in 1956, first for publication by Yale University Press and later for production by the Royal Swedish Theatre seemed to defy the wish of her late husband Eugene O'Neill (1888–1953), who had called for the play to be withheld until twenty-five years after his death. Her diaries from 1953 to 1957 show that a variety of circumstances led to her decision, including shifting loyalties, old scores settled, and new thinking about how best to use this play of autobiographical reminiscence as an effective memorial for the Nobel Prize–winning playwright. This article is a preface to the excerpted diaries, which follow.
“A Necessary but Not Sufficient Condition”:
Authors: Shipley Morgan
Published: September 2014

In 1957, Aldous Huxley published The Doors of Perception, a work that would galvanize debates regarding the sacredness and profaneness of mystical consciousness. In connecting psychedelically inspired, unmediated perception with mystical, and perennial, modes of understanding, Huxley, critics like R. C. Zaehner declared, elided the conditions that make mystical consciousness possible, inserting an amoral universal monism where only theistic doctrines should function. The comparative debates that subsequently emerged over the nature of real versus ersatz mysticism, while questioning critically the connection between morality and mysticism, ultimately extend beyond a mere critique of psychedelic culture. More distinctly, the debates over the “authenticity,” “truth,” and ethical weight of psychedelic mysticism demonstrate the challenges perennial beliefs posed to traditional, supernaturally based monotheistic religions. What critics of psychedelic mysticism fail to understand, as evidenced by Zaehner's extended critique of Huxley, is the efficacy of psychedelics as a sacramental source for reimagining the experience of everyday living. The significance of reading the perennial undertones of the psychedelic experience can thus be found in Huxley's overarching religious proclamation: “The truth is, of course, that we are all organically related to God, to Nature and to our fellow men.” To inhabit the perennial philosophy as a mode of being makes unitive interconnection the lived expression of reality; it reveals, as Huxley's final psychedelic revelation signifies, that “one never loves enough.” Indeed, as this article argues through an engagement with the comparative debates that emerged in the 1960s, the liminal spaces unveiled in psychedelic consciousness—between the divine wonders of theism and the natural emptiness of monism—helped the 1960s counterculture reimagine, and reengage, complex dialogues between self and other, between the always already and the never quite yet. In so doing, psychedelic mysticism comes to represent an entry point into a perennial religion in which the divisive characteristics of modern religious and political positions gives way to an unmediated space of interconnection. Here, then, the psychedelic becomes the entheogenic: it inspires—as it did for members of the Marsh Chapel Experiment, a case study this article concludes with—a unitive, spiritual experience structured within an alteration of consciousness unbounded and unlimited.
Sonographic Characteristics of Thymoma Compared With Mediastinal Lymphoma
Authors: Patterson Morganne M.E. , Marolf Angela J.
Published: September 2014

Thymomas are uncommon neoplasms that are typically located in the cranioventral mediastinum in domestic species, which generally affects older animals. Medical records and sonograms of 50 animals diagnosed with either mediastinal thymoma (n = 35) or lymphoma (n = 15) between January 2005 and February 2012 were reviewed. Cases with definitive cytological and/or histological diagnoses of either thymoma or lymphoma were included in this study. Masses were characterized by echogenicity, presence or absence of cysts, shape, margination, vascularity, and presence of effusion. Many thymomas (57.1%) were sonographically cystic in appearance and nearly all were heterogeneous (94%) in echogenicity compared with lymphoma (P = .0028). Lymphomatous lymph nodes were more likely to be solid (80%) and were equally divided between hypoechoic (47%) and heterogeneous (53%) echogenicities. Sonographic findings of either internal cysts or a heterogeneous echogenicity in mediastinal masses may be suggestive of a thymoma.
Comparison of High-Dose Intermittent and Low-Dose Continuous Oral Artemisinin in Dogs With Naturally Occurring Tumors
Authors: Hosoya Kenji , Couto C. Guillermo , London Cheryl A. , Kisseberth William C. , Phelps Mitchell A. , Dalton James T.
Published: September 2014

To evaluate the clinical toxicity and activity of orally administered artemisinin in dogs with spontaneous tumors, 24 client-owned dogs were randomly divided into two groups and received either low-continuous dose (3 mg/kg q 24 hr) or high-dose intermittent (three doses of 45 mg/kg q 6 hr repeated q 1 wk) of artemisinin per os. Treatment was continued for 21 days. Dogs were evaluated weekly for clinical effect and at the end of the treatment for hematologic and biochemical adverse events. Whole blood concentrations of artemisinin and dihydroartemisinin were measured by liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry after the first dose of artemisinin in three dogs in each group. Blood concentrations of artemisinin and dihydroartemisinin were <0.1 μM at all time points, and there was no difference in blood concentration between the two dosing groups. The most frequent adverse event was anorexia, which was observed in 11% of the low-dose group and 29% of the high-dose group. Oral artemisinin, both in low-dose continuous and high-dose intermittent, is well tolerated in dogs but results in low bioavailability. Parenteral administration should be considered for future studies.
Segurança Ambiental na SADC: novas perspectivas teóricas de análise
Authors: Prins Ricardo Margalho
Published: September 2014

Diante da vasta gama de novos temas na agenda internacional, as discussões sobre segurança assumem as mais variadas formas, cada vez mais se distanciando da tradicional visão vestfaliana do sistema internacional, com novas possibilidades de ameaça. As discussões sobre segurança ambiental, embora recentes, têm figurado com maior frequência no meio acadêmico, sobretudo nos teóricos da chamada Escola de Copenhague. O objetivo deste trabalho é o de analisar as mudanças climáticas na região da Comunidade para o Desenvolvimento da África Austral (SADC) do ponto de vista da segurança ambiental, buscando responder à seguinte questão: há elementos que permitam considerar meio-ambiente como questão de segurança na região? A busca pela resposta positiva desta questão será feita por análise qualitativa de dados quantitativos, através de análise de conteúdo de relatórios e documentos sobre o SADC.
Cooperação descentralizada como instrumento da governança global na gestão do meio ambiente
Authors: Holzmann Andressa
Published: September 2014

O presente trabalho pretende abordar o tema da Cooperação Descentralizada como ferramenta da Governança Global. A fim de alcançar esse objetivo será analisada a Cooperação Descentralizada praticada por novos atores no âmbito das relações internacionais. Para tanto serão consideradas as ações de agentes subnacionais e de atores da sociedade civil, tais como o empresariado, as Organizações Não Governamentais, e as instituições de pesquisa na promoção do desenvolvimento sustentável no âmbito do Meio Ambiente. Também será avaliada a importância dos governos subnacionais no desenvolvimento da Governança Global Ambiental, destacando a participação das Redes de Cidades no processo de gestão do Meio Ambiente.
Inovação no Meio ambiente: Desenvolvimento Sustentável e cidades inteligentes
Authors: Matsuda Massumi
Published: September 2014

As questões referentes ao meio ambiente como proteção, cuidados e soluções só vem aumentando com o passar do tempo, e os mesmos são trabalhados em cima de focos econômicos, sociais, políticos e atualmente tecnológicos. O presente trabalho tem como foco uma visão atual e "inteligente" do meio ambiente procurando apontar o que são as cidades inteligentes, a ligação da mesma com a sustentabilidade e como o fato das cidades serem atores internacionais influenciam no processo das ações tecnológicas trabalhadas em prol do desenvolvimento sustentável e das políticas públicas adotas pelos Estados/Cidades.
Synthesis and Antimicrobial Evaluation of 2-(p-Substituted Phenyl)-5-[(4-substituted piperazin-1-yl)acetamido]-benzoxazoles
Authors: Arisoy Mustafa , Temiz-Arpaci Ozlem , Kaynak-Onurdag Fatma , Ozgen Selda
Published: September 2014

series of 2-(p-substituted phenyl)-5-(2-{4-[(p-chloro-fluorophenyl)=phenyl] piperazin-1-yl}- acetamido)-benzoxazoles were synthesized and tested for their antimicrobial activities. The structures of the new derivatives were elucidated by spectral techniques. The minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) of the new benzoxazoles, along with those of previously synthesized analogues, were determined against standard bacterial and fungal strains and drug-resistant isolates, and compared with those of several reference drugs. The new benzoxazole derivatives were found to possess a broad spectrum of antimicrobial activity with MIC values of 32 - 1024 μg/ml. Although the standard drugs were more active against the tested pathogens, the activities of the new benzoxazoles and the reference drugs were largely similar against the drug-resistant isolates.
Hypochlorite Disinfection Consider an on‐Site System
Authors: Seidel Andrew
Published: September 2014

A California water utility's desire to move away from the dangers of gas chlorination drove operators and managers to consider bulk hypochlorite delivery and on‐site hypochlorite generation as disinfection options. Ultimately, they found an on‐site hypochlorite generation system was manageable, got the job done, and made the utility a better neighbor.
Ductile Iron Pipe Creation Forges Durability and Sustainability
Authors: Runge Jon
Published: September 2014

Ductile iron demonstrates qualities of durability, sustainability, and cost‐effectiveness. Used in tandem with advanced coating and encasement technologies, this pipe material is strong and tough for reliable water service.
Meter Box Critter Barrier Deters Rodents
Authors: Rock Ken , Cluff Curt , Buckley Mike
Published: September 2014

The meter box critter barrier was created by the people of Scottsdale Water Resources Department. They took a meter box and covered over the outside of it with steel insect screen. This keeps out rodents, snakes, scorpions, and tarantulas.
Create Your Own Chlorine Cylinder Safety Stand for a Digital Scale
Authors: Brecken Ralph
Published: September 2014

The Lowell, Michigan, Department of Public Works created a custom‐built stand for a new electronic chlorine cylinder scale with a digital readout. The stand securely holds a cylinder without altering scale weight and allows easy daily reads with an eye‐level digital display. In addition, the stand makes cylinder changes easier because the electronic scale is flush with the floor, provides a convenient work surface for cylinder changes, and offers a secure location for the vacuum regulator during cylinder change‐out.
Interdisciplinary Project Bridges the Gap in Electrical Engineers' Knowledge of Modern Control Applications
Authors: Baltic Milan , Krneta Radojka , Rakić Aleksandar
Published: September 2014

The aim of this paper is to describe an interdisciplinary student project which combines knowledge and skills from power electronics, control algorithms and digital design. The suggested approach is a group-based project that enables students to develop interdisciplinary knowledge as well as interpersonal and communication skills needed to work in today's multidisciplinary field of modern control applications.
An Educational Tool for the Genetic Algorithm-Based Fuzzy Logic Controller of a Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor Drive
Authors: Öztürk Nihat , Çelik Emre
Published: September 2014

In this study, a novel educational tool is introduced for the genetic algorithm (GA)-based fuzzy logic controller (FLC) of a permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) drive. This tool provides the operating principle of PMSM, essentials of GAs, and effects of FLC parameters on the performance of GA-based FLC. The proposed educational tool regarding GA-based FLC is a unique one in its field in the literature, as such a computer-based study aiming to teach the corresponding intelligent system has not been studied before, though both GA and FLC are well-known powerful techniques. The graphical interface, developed in Microsoft Visual C#. NET platform, has a flexible and functional structure. By changing motor operating conditions as well as GA and controller parameters, useful practices can be done on the whole system under various situations without wasting time. An evaluation of the tool is given based on student feedback.
Locating portuguese hindus: transnationality in urban settings
Authors: Cachado Rita Avila
Published: September 2014

This paper presents the case of Portuguese Hindu Gujarati families in Lisbon and in Leicester. It aims to corroborate the increasing importance of the urban referential in transnationality studies. Recent approaches in transntionality studies include the significance of cities for transmigrants under a variety of levels. One of them is social mobility. This paper focus specifically in motility, and it confirms, through ethnography, that beyond the classical national referential, the urban referential plays a central role for migration decisions. Cities confirm what transnationality scholars have been aware of: that migrants live and move between cities.