bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
SRY-Box Containing Gene 17 Regulates the Wnt/β-Catenin Signaling Pathway in Oligodendrocyte Progenitor Cells
Authors: Chew Li-Jin , Shen Weiping , Ming Xiaotian , Senatorov Vladimir V. , Chen Hui-Ling , Cheng Ying , Hong Elim , Knoblach Susan , Gallo Vittorio
Published: September 2011

The SRY-box (Sox) transcription factors regulate oligodendrocyte differentiation, but their signaling targets are largely unknown. We have identified a major signal transduction pathway regulated by Sox containing gene 17 (Sox17) in the oligodendrocyte lineage. Microarray analysis in oligodendrocyte progenitor cells (OPCs) after Sox17 attenuation revealed upregulated genes associated with cell cycle control and activation of the Wingless and integration site (Wnt)/β-catenin pathway. Sox17 knockdown also increases the levels of cyclin D1, Axin2, and activated β-catenin. In OPCs, the expression pattern of Sox17, cyclin D1, and secreted Frizzled-related protein-1 in the presence of platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) was coordinately accelerated by addition of thyroid hormone, indicating differentiation-induced regulation of Sox17 targets. In developing white matter, decreased total β-catenin, activated β-catenin, and cyclin D1 levels coincided with the peak of Sox17 expression, and immunoprecipitates showed a developmentally regulated interaction among Sox17, T-cell transcription factor 4, and β-catenin proteins. In OPCs, PDGF stimulated phosphorylation of glycogen synthase 3β and the Wnt coreceptor LRP6, and enhanced β-catenin-dependent gene expression. Sox17 overexpression inhibited PDGF-induced TOPFLASH and cyclin D1 promoter activity, and decreased endogenous cyclin D1, activated β-catenin, as well as total β-catenin levels. Recombinant Sox17 prevented Wnt3a from repressing myelin protein expression, and inhibition of Sox17-mediated proteasomal degradation of β-catenin blocked myelin protein induction. These results indicate that Sox17 suppresses cyclin D1 expression and cell proliferation by directly antagonizing β-catenin, whose activity in OPCs is stimulated not only by Wnt3a, but also by PDGF. Our identification of downstream targets of Sox17 thus defines signaling pathways and molecular mechanisms in OPCs that are regulated by Sox17 during cell cycle exit and the onset of differentiation in oligodendrocyte development.
Association Between Seed Dormancy and Pericarp Color Is Controlled by a Pleiotropic Gene That Regulates Abscisic Acid and Flavonoid Synthesis in Weedy Red Rice
Authors: Gu Xing-You , Foley Michael E , Horvath David P , Anderson James V , Feng Jiuhuan , Zhang Lihua , Mowry Chase R , Ye Heng , Suttle Jeffrey C , Kadowaki Koh-ichi , Chen Zongxiang
Published: September 2011

Seed dormancy has been associated with red grain color in cereal crops for a century. The association was linked to qSD7-1/qPC7, a cluster of quantitative trait loci for seed dormancy/pericarp color in weedy red rice. This research delimited qSD7-1/qPC7 to the Os07g11020 or Rc locus encoding a basic helix-loop-helix family transcription factor by intragenic recombinants and provided unambiguous evidence that the association arises from pleiotropy. The pleiotropic gene expressed in early developing seeds promoted expression of key genes for biosynthesis of abscisic acid (ABA), resulting in an increase in accumulation of the dormancy-inducing hormone; activated a conserved network of eight genes for flavonoid biosynthesis to produce the pigments in the lower epidermal cells of the pericarp tissue; and enhanced seed weight. Thus, the pleiotropic locus most likely controls the dormancy and pigment traits by regulating ABA and flavonoid biosynthetic pathways, respectively. The dormancy effect could be eliminated by a heat treatment, but could not be completely overcome by gibberellic acid or physical removal of the seed maternal tissues. The dormancy-enhancing alleles differentiated into two groups basically associated with tropical and temperate ecotypes of weedy rice. Of the pleiotropic effects, seed dormancy could contribute most to the weed adaptation. Pleiotropy prevents the use of the dormancy gene to improve resistance of white pericarp cultivars against pre-harvest sprouting through conventional breeding approaches.
Narrating Lives and Contemporary Imaginaries
Authors: Smith Sidonie
Published: September 2011

Good evening, colleagues and friends. Tonight I have the honor of talking with you about my decided passion, narrating lives.

Emerging from dispersed global locations, circulated for difering purposes, life narration moves along predictable and unpredictable routes to publics and to archives near and far. High forms and low forms. Long forms and short forms. Lyric forms and documentary forms. Narrated lives in the irst, second, third, and plural persons. Life stories in print, comics, photography, ilm, and Second Life.
Some Time between Revisionist and Revolutionary: Unreading History in Dalit Literature
Authors: Gajarawala Toral Jatin
Published: September 2011

This essay considers questions of Dalit historicity in terms of narrative time. Largely a product of the last two decades, Dalit (“untouchable-caste”) literature in Hindi is often read as an uncomplicated expression of Dalit consciousness, an ethnographically revelatory body of writing. I suggest that Dalit literature might be read differently, as coding a distinct meaning of the historical. he model of narrative time configured in Dalit writing poses a problem for critics of postcolonial and subaltern studies because it challenges underlying assumptions regarding the “historical”—assumptions largely inherited from studies of the nineteenth-century bildungsroman, in which subjects are defined by their place in history. Unlike the bildungsroman, Dalit texts posit a model for the narrative construction of the subject that does not rely on the category of historical knowledge and the historical event. By introducing the termsevent-fulnessandunreading,I argue that the Dalit text challenges the putative relation between history and the narrative recovery of self. Dalit writing therefore creates a realism whose origins lie not in the bourgeois historicism of the European novel but in the humanism of a protest literature.
Liberation Theosophy: Discovering India and Orienting Russia between Velimir Khlebnikov and Helena Blavatsky
Authors: Banerjee Anindita
Published: September 2011

Between the Volga and the Ganges lies a vast yet little-examined zone of linguistic, religious, ethnoracial, and political contact shaped over many centuries by mobile communities of traders, saints, soldiers, and rebels. This is the space from which Velimir Khlebnikov, modernist poet and philosopher of history, articulates a vision of revolutionary internationalism. Khlebnikov's quasi-fictional journey from Russia's Islamic borderlands to the Indian subcontinent “in search of an idea that will free all oppressed people” transforms Madame Blavatsky's heosophical interpretation of ancient Indian religious philosophy into a cornerstone of political resistance against global imperialism in the twentieth century. The intersectional history of violence through which Khlebnikov imagines a community of minorities, misfits, and mystics wandering between the peripheries of the Russian and British Empires challenges monolithic constructs of the Orient as well as dominant discourses of Russian and Indian national identity.
Books, Fans, and Mallarmé's Butterfly
Authors: Ryzhik Yulia
Published: September 2011

This article reexamines the role of the folding fan in Mallarmé's poetics by placing the fan in the context of its history as an art form, its evolving significance in European and East Asian culture, and its practical materiality as a writing medium. The fan is uniquely important in Mallarmé's lifelong quest to challenge the standard written and print media and to transfigure the physical form of the book into a work of art fully implicated in its literary content. The fan is a flexible, hybrid medium that resolves Mallarmé's numerous and contradictory criteria for the ideal book. It is also a metaphor and an instrument of thought. The essay attempts, therefore, to think like and with Mallarmé: taking its cue from the fan, it unfolds the fan's material aspects and tropological incarnations until it reaches the butterfly, Mallarmé's choice symbol of poetic flight and evanescence.
Representing Burma: Narrative Displacement and Gender
Authors: Ho Tamara C.
Published: September 2011

When I was young, it seemed that most Americans had never heard of Burma. Since communication with Burma was constrained, I was curious about its culture, which my family carried so near to their hearts. My first memory of seeing “Burma” involved watching The King and I (1956) on television. I was captivated by Rita Moreno playing Tuptim, a Burmese girl who is given to the king of Siam by the prince of Burma and is secretly having an affair with her escort. The new British governess gives Tuptim Uncle Tom's Cabin to improve her English. The Burmese concubine articulates her frustration by staging an adaptation of Harriet Beecher Stowe's novel for the king and some European visitors. During the performance, Tuptim attempts an escape with her Burmese lover.
A Weekend with Richard Wright
Authors: Vuyk Beb , Roberts Brian Russell , Foulcher Keith
Published: September 2011

In 1955 the famous African American writer Richard Wright traveled to Southeast Asia to observe and report on the Asian-African Conference in Bandung, Indonesia. A watershed moment in the history of decolonization, the meeting, also known as the Bandung Conference, drew representatives from twenty-nine newly independent Asian and African countries, including the conference's sponsors: Burma, Ceylon, India, and Indonesia. At the conference's conclusion, as part of a “final communique,” participating countries issued their Declaration on the Promotion of World Peace and Cooperation, which advanced ten principles, ranging from “[r]espect for fundamental human rights” to “[r]ecognition of the equality of all races and of the equality of all nations” to abstention from “serv[ing] the particular interests of any big powers” (Kahin 84). As an important precursor of the Nonaligned Movement, which was officially organized in 1961, the Bandung Conference set the stage for newly independent states to assert and strengthen their autonomy in a world often polarized by the United States and the Soviet Union.
“Kilroy was here” – plus!
Authors: Solberg Lawrence A.
Published: September 2011

Poetry from cancer patients and members of the health profession engaged in cancer provide insight, shared experience, and signature evidence that “we were here.”
Surviving the Crisis of Relocation for Specialist Treatment in Haematology: Insights from New Zealand
Authors: McGrath Pam , Holewa Hamish , Etcheverry Pru
Published: September 2011

Patients diagnosed with haematological malignancies require specialist treatments provided by major metropolitan hospitals. Those living outside the cities where the specialist care is located have to relocate for this specialist treatment. The findings presented in this article are from a program of research that documents the psychosocial impact of relocation on patients and their families. Prior Australian-based research conducted as part of the program indicates that the process of relocation exacerbates the stress of treatment and creates significant practical, emotional, social, and financial disruption to the families involved. The Australian findings provided the basis for a recent comparative study conducted by the program that explores the experience of relocation for haematology from the perspective of patients and their carers in New Zealand. The findings from the comparative study indicate that whilst there is evidence of similar psycho-social distress associated with relocation, there are a number of factors specific to living in New Zealand that ameliorate the impact, including smaller distances, strong community connections, and the participants' personal determination to retain the focus on living.
Panic at the Disco-Urse: Episodes from an Analytic Autoethnography about Living with HIV
Authors: Willis Jon
Published: September 2011

Critical theorists from Walter Benjamin to Arthur Kroker and Debra Lupton have commented on how end-of-century or end-of-millennium social anxieties manifest in crises of social or subjective integrity including widespread social panic responses to perceived threats to such integrity. During the last 2 decades we have seen such a response to a range of public health issues, including obesity, drug use in sport, binge drinking, rural mental health, and the sexual health of social minorities. In this series of autoethnographic reflections, based in the framework of analytic autoethnography established by Leon Anderson (2006), I examine the impact of these panic discourses on the experience of living with a chronic disease. Particularly I examine the medicalization of HIV-infected bodies, the surveillance and governance of HIV-positive bodies, and the systematic distortions to self-care that result from the internalization of tropes of toxic or panic bodies. I also explore the possibilities for an emancipatory resistance to these tropes, and the place of hope and public health citizenship in the subjectivities of the chronically ill.
Measurement of Bed Grain and Air Conditions during Solar Drying of Rice
Authors: Meas Pyseth , Paterson Anthony H. J. , Cleland Donald J. , Bronlund John E. , Mawson A. John , Hardacre Allan , Rickman Joseph F.
Published: September 2011

Experiments on solar drying of rice were conducted in Cambodia in December 2004 using two local rice varieties and traditional methods practiced by farmers. For the whole drying time, the climate conditions—including the wind speed, ambient air temperature and relative humidity, as well as the solar intensity—were regularly monitored, along with the temperature, moisture content and relative humidity of the grain and air at different depths within the drying beds. Two drying treatments per day were extensively monitored. The monitoring showed that all of the processes of solar radiation, convection and evaporation at the surface, and conduction, convection, evaporation and diffusion within the bed are important.
Inhibitory Effect of a γ-Tocopherol-Rich Mixture of Tocopherols on the Formation and Growth of LNCaP Prostate Tumors in Immunodeficient Mice
Authors: Zheng Xi , Cui Xiao-Xing , Khor Tin Oo , Huang Ying , DiPaola Robert S , Goodin Susan , Lee Mao-Jung , Yang Chung S , Kong Ah-Ng , Conney Allan H.
Published: September 2011

In the present study, we determined the effects of a γ-tocopherol-rich mixture of tocopherols (γ-TmT) on the growth and apoptosis of cultured human prostate cancer LNCaP cells. We also determined the effects of dietary γ-TmT on the formation and growth of LNCaP tumors in immunodeficient mice. In the in vitro study, we found that the activity of γ-TmT was stronger than α-tocopherol for inhibiting the growth and stimulating apoptosis in LNCaP cells. In the animal study, treatment of severe combined immunodeficient (SCID) mice with dietary γ-TmT inhibited the formation and growth of LNCaP xenograft tumors in a dose-dependent manner. Mechanistic studies showed that g-TmT administration inhibited proliferation as reflected by decreased mitosis and stimulated apoptosis as reflected by increased caspase-3 (active form) expression in LNCaP tumors. In addition, dietary administration of g-TmT increased the levels of a-, γ- and δ- tocopherol in plasma, and increased levels of γ- and δ- tocopherol were also observed in the prostate and in tumors. The present study demonstrated that g-TmT had strong anticancer activity both in vitro and in vivo. Additional studies are needed to determine the potential preventive effect of g-TmT for prostate cancer in humans.
Quit Attempt Correlates among Smokers by Race/Ethnicity
Authors: Kahende Jennifer W. , Malarcher Ann M. , Teplinskaya Anna , Asman Kat J.
Published: September 2011

Introduction: Cigarette smoking is the leading preventable cause of premature deaths in the U.S., accounting for approximately 443,000 deaths annually. Although smoking prevalence in recent decades has declined substantially among all racial/ethnic groups, disparities in smoking-related behaviors among racial/ethnic groups continue to exist. Two of the goals of Healthy People 2020 are to reduce smoking prevalence among adults to 12% or less and to increase smoking cessation attempts by adult smokers from 41% to 80%. Our study assesses whether correlates of quit attempts vary by race/ethnicity among adult (≥18 years) smokers in the U.S. Understanding racial/ethnic differences in how both internal and external factors affect quit attempts is important for targeting smoking-cessation interventions to decrease tobacco-use disparities. Methods: We used 2003 Tobacco Use Supplement to the Current Population Survey (CPS) data from 16,213 adults to examine whether the relationship between demographic characteristics, smoking behaviors, smoking policies and having made a quit attempt in the past year varied by race/ethnicity. Results: Hispanics and persons of multiple races were more likely to have made a quit attempt than whites. Overall, younger individuals and those with >high school education, who smoked fewer cigarettes per day and had smoked for fewer years were more likely to have made a quit attempt. Having a smoke-free home, receiving a doctor’s advice to quit, smoking menthol cigarettes and having a greater time to when you smoked your first cigarette of the day were also associated with having made a quit attempt. The relationship between these four variables and quit attempts varied by race/ethnicity; most notably receiving a doctor’s advice was not related to quit attempts among Asian American/Pacific Islanders and menthol use among whites was associated with a lower prevalence of quit attempts while black menthol users were more likely to have made a quit attempt than white non-menthol users. Conclusions: Most correlates of quit attempts were similar across all racial/ethnic groups. Therefore population-based comprehensive tobacco control programs that increase quit attempts and successful cessation among all racial/ethnic groups should be continued and expanded. Additional strategies may be needed to encourage quit attempts among less educated, older, and more addicted smokers.
Nonlinear Dual-Phase Multiplexing in Digital Microfluidic Architectures
Authors: Collier Christopher M. , Wiltshire Michael , Nichols Jacqueline , Born Brandon , Landry Emily L. , Holzman Jonathan F.
Published: September 2011

A 16 × 16 digital microfluidic multiplexer is demonstrated. The device makes use of dual-phase AC activation in a bi-layered electrode structure for actuating microdrops independently. A switching arrangement is employed to localize two out-of-phase AC waveforms in one overlapped region of the two-dimensional multiplexer grid. The superimposed AC waveforms overcome the threshold voltage for motion of a local microdrop. The demonstrated dual-phase activation and nonlinear threshold-based motion overcomes the previously-reported microdrop interference effect, as it successfully actuates individual microdrops in systems with multiple neighbouring microdrops. The device is demonstrated with an integrated centre-tap transformer using a 10.0 Vrms input voltage and minimal power consumption.
Catalytic Enantioselective Aryl Transfer to Aldehydes Using Chiral 2,2’-Bispyrrolidine-Based Salan Ligands
Authors: Jia Xuefeng , Lin Aijun , Mao Zhijie , Zhu Chengjian , Cheng Yixiang
Published: September 2011

Chiral C2-symmetric diamines have emerged as versatile auxiliaries or ligands in numerous asymmetric transformations. Chiral 2,2’-bispyrrolidine-based salan ligands were prepared and applied to the asymmetric aryl transfer to aldehydes with arylboronic acids as the source of transferable aryl groups. The corresponding diarylmethanols were obtained in high yields with moderate to good enantioselectivitives of up to 83% ee.
Assessment of the In Vivo Genotoxicity of New Lead Compounds to Treat Sickle Cell Disease
Authors: Dos Santos Jean Leandro , Longhin Bosquesi Priscila , Varanda Eliana Aparecida , Moreira Lima Lídia , Chung Man Chin
Published: September 2011

The compounds 1,3-dioxo-1,3-dihydro-2H-isoindol-2-yl)methyl nitrate (C1), (1,3-dioxo-1,3-dihydro-2H-isoindol-2-yl)ethyl nitrate (C2), 3-(1,3-dioxo-1,3-dihydro-2H-isoindol-2-yl)benzyl nitrate (C3), 4-(1,3-dioxo-1,3-dihydro-2H-isoindol-2-yl)-N-hydroxy-benzenesulfonamide (C4), 4-(1,3-dioxo-1,3-dihydro-2H-isoindol-2-yl)benzyl nitrate (C5), and 2-[4-(1,3-dioxo-1,3-dihydro-2H-isoindol-2-yl)phenyl]ethyl nitrate (C6) were evaluated with a micronucleus test using mouse peripheral blood to identify new candidate drugs for the treatment of sickle cell disease (SCD) that are safer than hydroxyurea. The compounds induced an average frequency of micronucleated reticulocytes (MNRET) of less than six per 1,000 cells at 12.5, 25, 50, and 100 mg/kg, whereas hydroxyurea induced an average MNRET frequency of 7.8, 9.8, 15, and 33.7 per 1000 cells respectively, at the same concentrations. Compounds C1–C6 are new non-genotoxic in vivo candidate drugs for the treatment of SCD symptoms.
HPLC Determination of Antilipoxygenase Activity of a Water Infusion of Ligustrum vulgare L. Leaves and Some of Its Constituents
Authors: Mučaji Pavel , Záhradníková Anna , Bezáková Lýdia , Cupáková Mária , Rauová Drahomíra , Nagy Milan
Published: September 2011

The aim of the study was a HPLC evaluation of the lipoxygenase activity inhibiting activity of a water infusion of Ligustrum vulgare L. leaves and selected isolates from it. The antiradical activity of the water infusion was determined using DPPH, ABTS and FRAP tests. Oleuropein and echinacoside concentrations in the water infusion were determined by HPLC. Water infusion, echinacoside and oleuropein were used for an antilipoxygenase activity assay using lipoxygenase isolated from rat lung cytosol fraction. Activity of 8-LOX, 12-LOX and 15-LOX were monitored through formation of 8-HETE, 12-HETE and 15-HETE, respectively. The water infusion exhibited the highest activity against all lipoxygenases, followed by oleuropein. Echinacoside was ineffective against LOXs in lower concentrations, while higher concentration showed similar inhibition on 8-LOX and 12-LOX. 15-LOX was affected more and the presence of echinacoside remarkably decreased its activity.
Characterizing Olive Grove Canopies by Means of Ground-Based Hemispherical Photography and Spaceborne RADAR Data
Authors: Molina Iñigo , Morillo Carmen , García-Meléndez Eduardo , Guadalupe Rafael , Roman Maria Isabel
Published: September 2011

One of the main strengths of active microwave remote sensing, in relation to frequency, is its capacity to penetrate vegetation canopies and reach the ground surface, so that information can be drawn about the vegetation and hydrological properties of the soil surface. All this information is gathered in the so called backscattering coefficient (s0). The subject of this research have been olive groves canopies, where which types of canopy biophysical variables can be derived by a specific optical sensor and then integrated into microwave scattering models has been investigated. This has been undertaken by means of hemispherical photographs and gap fraction procedures. Then, variables such as effective and true Leaf Area Indices have been estimated. Then, in order to characterize this kind of vegetation canopy, two models based on Radiative Transfer theory have been applied and analyzed. First, a generalized two layer geometry model made up of homogeneous layers of soil and vegetation has been considered. Then, a modified version of the Xu and Steven Water Cloud Model has been assessed integrating the canopy biophysical variables derived by the suggested optical procedure. The backscattering coefficients at various polarized channels have been acquired from RADARSAT 2 (C-band), with 38.5° incidence angle at the scene center. For the soil simulation, the best results have been reached using a Dubois scattering model and the VV polarized channel (r2 = 0.88). In turn, when effective LAI (LAIeff) has been taken into account, the parameters of the scattering canopy model are better estimated (r2 = 0.89). Additionally, an inversion procedure of the vegetation microwave model with the adjusted parameters has been undertaken, where the biophysical values of the canopy retrieved by this methodology fit properly with field measured values.
An Architecture for Performance Optimization in a Collaborative Knowledge-Based Approach for Wireless Sensor Networks
Authors: Gadeo-Martos Manuel Angel , Fernandez-Prieto Jose Angel , Canada-Bago Joaquin , Velasco Juan Ramon
Published: September 2011

Over the past few years, Intelligent Spaces (ISs) have received the attention of many Wireless Sensor Network researchers. Recently, several studies have been devoted to identify their common capacities and to set up ISs over these networks. However, little attention has been paid to integrating Fuzzy Rule-Based Systems into collaborative Wireless Sensor Networks for the purpose of implementing ISs. This work presents a distributed architecture proposal for collaborative Fuzzy Rule-Based Systems embedded in Wireless Sensor Networks, which has been designed to optimize the implementation of ISs. This architecture includes the following: (a) an optimized design for the inference engine; (b) a visual interface; (c) a module to reduce the redundancy and complexity of the knowledge bases; (d) a module to evaluate the accuracy of the new knowledge base; (e) a module to adapt the format of the rules to the structure used by the inference engine; and (f) a communications protocol. As a real-world application of this architecture and the proposed methodologies, we show an application to the problem of modeling two plagues of the olive tree: prays (olive moth, Prays oleae Bern.) and repilo (caused by the fungus Spilocaea oleagina). The results show that the architecture presented in this paper significantly decreases the consumption of resources (memory, CPU and battery) without a substantial decrease in the accuracy of the inferred values.
Surface Generated Acoustic Wave Biosensors for the Detection of Pathogens: A Review
Authors: Rocha-Gaso María-Isabel , March-Iborra Carmen , Montoya-Baides Ángel , Arnau-Vives Antonio
Published: September 2011

This review presents a deep insight into the Surface Generated Acoustic Wave (SGAW) technology for biosensing applications, based on more than 40 years of technological and scientific developments. In the last 20 years, SGAWs have been attracting the attention of the biochemical scientific community, due to the fact that some of these devices - Shear Horizontal Surface Acoustic Wave (SH-SAW), Surface Transverse Wave (STW), Love Wave (LW), Flexural Plate Wave (FPW), Shear Horizontal Acoustic Plate Mode (SH-APM) and Layered Guided Acoustic Plate Mode (LG-APM) - have demonstrated a high sensitivity in the detection of biorelevant molecules in liquid media. In addition, complementary efforts to improve the sensing films have been done during these years. All these developments have been made with the aim of achieving, in a future, a highly sensitive, low cost, small size, multi-channel, portable, reliable and commercially established SGAW biosensor. A setup with these features could significantly contribute to future developments in the health, food and environmental industries. The second purpose of this work is to describe the state-of-the-art of SGAW biosensors for the detection of pathogens, being this topic an issue of extremely importance for the human health. Finally, the review discuses the commercial availability, trends and future challenges of the SGAW biosensors for such applications.
Sustainable Development: A Bird’s Eye View
Authors: Waas Tom , Hugé Jean , Verbruggen Aviel , Wright Tarah
Published: September 2011

At the turn of the millennium, the world’s political leadership adopted sustainable development as a leading model for societal development. However, the terms “sustainable development”, “sustainability” and “sustainable” are sometimes over- and misused despite wide consensus about the concept’s meaning among sustainability scholars and practitioners. While the concept allows various sustainability views to co-exist, random conceptualizations which do not respect the fundamental sustainability principles undermine the concept’s objective to steer action. This lack of understanding of sustainability arguably inhibits its practical realization and a proper understanding of sustainability is urgently needed. In this paper we aim to contribute to a better understanding of sustainability by adopting a bird’s eye perspective. We review the rich contemporary literature, with a specific focus on the terminology, genesis, fundamental principles, mainstream views of sustainability, and several governing aspects. Further, using the evolving body of sustainability literature, the paper provides arguments to combat common misconceptions of sustainability.
Du cursus d'éducation syndicale aux parcours de formation des militants de la CGT (années 1950-2000)
Authors: Ethuin Nathalie , Siblot Yasmine
Published: September 2011

Résumé Cet article retrace les évolutions du système d’« éducation » puis de « formation » de la CGT, en se centrant sur l’importation mais aussi l’adaptation de plusieurs modèles d’éducation : un modèle d’éducation partisan (celui du PCF), le modèle du cursus scolaire et enfin celui de la formation pour adultes. Pour rendre compte de ces emprunts mais aussi des spécificités du modèle de la CGT, on se fonde ici sur des sources de première main, celles du Centre confédéral d’éducation ouvrière (CCEO) déposées à l’Institut d’histoire sociale confédéral de la CGT, ainsi que sur des entretiens avec d’anciens permanents du CCEO. Cette exploration révèle la relative autonomie du secteur formation au sein de la confédération, et interroge les pratiques de travail des militants qui ont élaboré les programmes et modèles pédagogiques au fil des décennies au regard de leurs trajectoires syndicales, intellectuelles et sociales. L’article propose ainsi une périodisation des évolutions du modèle de formation cégétiste, depuis la période de la « syndicalisation de l’éducation » qui s’ouvre en 1947, jusqu’à celle de la « formation tout au long de la vie syndicale » qui marque les dernières années.
Le fétichisme de la formation et les enjeux politiques d'un dispositif centralisé. Le cas du Centre fédéral de formation de la FEN (1976-1982)
Authors: Brucy Guy
Published: September 2011

Résumé Au début des années 1970, la FEN est la plus puissante des organisations syndicales de l’Éducation nationale et de la fonction publique. Mais elle est en même temps confrontée à la progression régulière des minorités internes qui menacent le pouvoir de la tendance majoritaire qui la dirige. En 1976, sa direction met en place un dispositif de formation dont l’objectif est de renforcer le pouvoir fédéral et de préserver l’avenir de la majorité en structurant un réseau de sections départementales. L’organisation des stages, leur encadrement par une équipe d’animateurs-formateurs adhérant aux thèses majoritaires, la sélection des savoirs dispensés et les pédagogies privilégiant l’activité collective des stagiaires visent à former un nouveau type de militants animés de l’esprit fédéral et indépendants des appareils des syndicats nationaux. Ce dispositif cristallise très tôt l’opposition à la fois des plus importants syndicats de la tendance majoritaire – notamment le SNI –, jaloux de leur indépendance, et des syndicats dirigés par la minorité Unité et Action, qui redoutent l’instrumentalisation des sections par la tendance majoritaire. Objet d’attaques convergentes de plus en plus violentes, le dispositif sera profondément remanié au début des années 1980.
Madagascar 1972 : l'autre indépendance
Authors: Blum Françoise
Published: September 2011

Résumé Les événements de mai 1972 à Madagascar révèlent le caractère inachevé de l’indépendance proclamée en 1960. Le parti au pouvoir est issu des élites coloniales tandis que la vie politique, sociale et culturelle de la Grande Île reste étroitement liée à l’influence et à l’interventionnisme de la France à travers les accords de coopération, comme l’illustre la situation de l’enseignement supérieur. C’est dans les écoles et les universités que naît un mouvement de contestation, rejoint par le reste de la population, qui révèle la profondeur et le poids des divisions ethniques et sociales nées de la période coloniale. Les formes de la contestation et les langages de la mobilisation confirment cet effort pour atteindre une vraie indépendance, débarrassée du néo-colonialisme.
Une analyse de la géographie des services résidentiels et touristiques à l'échelle des bassins de vie français
Authors: Aubert Francis , Lépicier Denis , Dissart Jean-Christophe
Published: September 2011

L’article a pour objectif de contribuer à la caractérisation des activités « résidentielles », correspondant aux services destinés à la population, permanente ou temporaire, pour une localité donnée. La distribution spatiale des emplois correspondant à ces activités résidentielles est examinée à l’échelle des bassins de vie. L’estimation des emplois relevant du tourisme, conduite selon la méthode du besoin minimal, permet d’appréhender l’impact spécifique de l’attractivité touristique sur les services résidentiels. Pour analyser la géographie de l’emploi résidentiel ainsi établie, les facteurs explicatifs sont attachés au potentiel de marché local ainsi qu’à la capacité des territoires à attirer ou retenir les consommateurs. Si, globalement, la répartition des emplois résidentiels suit la hiérarchie urbaine, il convient aussi de tenir compte de caractéristiques sectorielles qui détachent en partie les services non marchands, ainsi que de spécificités géographiques en contexte périurbain et en station touristique.
Estimation du coût immobilier global par salarié : application aux activités tertiaires supérieures dans les quartiers d'affaires parisiens
Authors: Nappi-Choule Ingrid
Published: September 2011

Le papier fournit une mesure du coût immobilier global moyen par salarié pour les sièges sociaux des grandes entreprises tertiaires du secteur FIRE (finance, insurance, real estate - banques, assurances et immobilier) et de conseil en région Île-de-France. Alors que les utilisateurs se réfèrent généralement lors du choix d’une implantation au loyer/m 2 , la mesure du coût immobilier global proposé permet de prendre en compte, en plus des taxes et charges diverses, les ratios d’occupation des immeubles de bureaux par salarié. Cette recherche fait ainsi apparaître que, bien qu’un immeuble neuf présente un loyer/m 2  plus élevé qu’un immeuble de seconde main, il est dans certains cas en réalité beaucoup moins cher pour un siège social de s’implanter dans un immeuble neuf s’il adopte un raisonnement en coût global.
Après le prix de Rome. La formation à l'Académie de France à Rome sous le directorat d'Horace Vernet (1829-1834), à travers sa correspondance
Authors: Chave Isabelle
Published: September 2011

La récente édition scientifique de la correspondance d’Horace Vernet, directeur de l’Académie de France à Rome (1829-1834), offre un matériau renouvelé pour étudier la formation des artistes lauréats du prix de Rome sous le règne de Louis-Philippe. La personnalité de Vernet et sa vision des buts de ce séjour romain font de son directorat une période d’expériences et de débats. L’article évoque les conditions de formation alors en vigueur et montre comment Vernet tenta d’insuffler, chez les pensionnaires, le goût de l’étude et des voyages et l’indépendance d’esprit et de style. Il dut cependant composer avec le rôle qu’entendait jouer l’Académie des beaux-arts. Son directorat se distingue par des relations tendues avec cette dernière, des divergences concrètes sur l’application du règlement et sa contribution personnelle au projet de réforme des institutions contrôlées par l’académie parisienne.
Le séjour de Ferdinand Herold en Italie (Rome et Naples, 1812-1815) et ses envois de musique à l'Institut
Authors: Audéon Hervé
Published: September 2011

Grand prix de composition musicale de l’Institut en 1812, Louis-Joseph-Ferdinand Herold (1791-1833) a laissé d’importantes sources relatives à son séjour en Italie, effectué à l’époque des guerres napoléoniennes, entre décembre 1812 et mai 1815. Voyage qui le mène principalement de la Villa Médicis, à Rome, à la cour de Joachim Murat, à Naples. Nous proposons, à partir des lettres, du journal et des manuscrits musicaux écrits par le compositeur, une synthèse de ce séjour qui, par de précieux détails, nous éclaire sur la vie d’un pensionnaire musicien d’alors et sur les enjeux que représente l’obtention du grand prix pour les débuts d’une carrière. Afin de mieux appréhender la singularité et la richesse de ce séjour, nous dressons un aperçu de la production musicale, réglementaire ou non, de Herold. Il en ressort l’image d’une résidence réussie, à la fois exemplaire et originale.
Le recouvrement des Alpes et la question de l'ironie
Authors: Guignard Adrien
Published: September 2011

Dès le milieu du XIX e siècle, « l’industrie touristique » (terme d’époque) du voyage en Suisse semble partiellement condamner les perceptions et les représentations des régions alpines à une sorte de bégaiement. L’extraordinaire fortune éditoriale des récits de voyage doublée de l’apparition des guides Joanne , Murray et Baedeker favoriseraient certains propos « itératoires » – on les dira trop facilement « postmodernes » – selon lesquels la découverte de la Suisse pour un sujet (un touriste) voyageant et écrivant tient de l’impossible parce que ce sujet touristique est d’abord un produit, un résultat discursif. Vers la fin du siècle, après que Monsieur Perrichon, de passage à la mère ( sic ) de Glace, a écrit : « Jamais je ne me suis mouché si haut » et que Tartarin de Tarascon a fait l’ascension de la Jungfrau : il semble que tout soit dit. L’authenticité du voyageur pourrait tenir de la farce et la sensibilité touristique exprimerait ses « impressions » par l’entremise du Dictionnaire des idées reçues . Cet article entend soutenir que l’ironie, loin de participer au phénomène de redite que nous venons d’esquisser, renouvelle efficacement l’esthétique du voyage en Suisse.
Chacun jette son chien. De la fin d'une vie au XIXe siècle
Authors: Baratay Éric
Published: September 2011

À côté de l’histoire humaine des animaux, évoquant les manières dont l’homme s’approprie les bêtes, il est temps de bâtir l’histoire personnelle, animale , de ces êtres vivants subissant, réagissant, agissant, et de se poser des questions nouvelles comme celle-ci : de quoi et comment meurent les chiens au XIX e siècle, et que deviennent leurs cadavres ? Or, la littérature peut apporter beaucoup à ce genre de question, notamment en informations sur le quotidien animal, son croisement avec d’autres sources prouvant sa fiabilité, peut-être parce que ces éléments sont souvent traités comme des décors d’histoires, n’ayant pas besoin d’être beaucoup travaillés. À condition évidemment de traiter au préalable cette littérature comme un ensemble de discours situés, on peut avec elle reconstituer les morts brutales des chiens et les abandons de leurs cadavres un peu partout, avant que ne s’installent peu à peu d’autres traitements.
Cost-effectiveness of Teaching Hospitals for the Operative Management of Hip Fractures
Authors: McGuire Kevin J. , Chacko Aron T. , Bernstein Joseph
Published: September 2011

Hospitals with lower costs are not necessarily superior to those that are more expensive, because the more costly institutions might offer better outcomes. The purpose of this study was to consider prices and outcomes in an integrated model and thereby determine if teaching hospitals are cost-effective for the care of hip fractures. We analyzed the claims data of a sample of 18,908 Medicare patients who were admitted to one of 190 acute care hospitals for surgical treatment of a hip fracture. For each hospital, we assessed the relationship between the total per capita Medicare payments over a 6-month period following admission and the 30-day and 6-month mortality. The data were analyzed as a function of hospital type: teaching vs nonteaching. The mean adjusted costs were $5910 per patient higher at teaching hospitals compared to nonteaching hospitals (approximately $24,000 vs $18,000) However, the adjusted 6-month mortality was 1.4% lower at major teaching hospitals. The adjusted incremental cost-effectiveness for teaching hospitals was $422,143 per life saved. By that measure, each life saved would have to yield nearly 8.5 additional quality-adjusted life years (QALY) to attain the $50,000/QALY standard thought to represent cost-effective spending, an unlikely target given the age of the typical hip fracture patient. Nonetheless, because teaching hospitals are more expensive than non-teaching hospitals, a relatively small cut in the overall cost of care at teaching hospitals could dramatically decrease the marginal cost of each life saved. The elements of teaching hospital care that improve survival might be identified in further studies and instituted, perhaps, at non-teaching hospitals without greatly increasing their cost structure.
Stress Fractures of the Lateral Rays in the Cavovarus Foot: Indication for Surgical Intervention
Authors: Bluth Benjamin , Eagan Michael , Otsuka Norman Y.
Published: September 2011

Lateral ray stress fractures are a known complication of the cavovarus foot deformity. Malpositioning of the forefoot and hindfoot leads to increased pressure on the heel and lateral rays, resulting in significant morbidity. Patients with nonprogressive deformities can be managed surgically or nonsurgically in an attempt to decrease adverse events. It is often difficult to predict which patients will benefit most from a surgical intervention. This article describes 2 model cases of stress fractures in patients with nonprogressive cavovarus foot deformities. Patient 1 was an active patient with a minor, flexible cavovarus deformity, and patient 2 was a relatively inactive patient with a severe, fixed deformity.

These cases serve to illustrate a spectrum of the 2 major risk factors for the development of a stress fracture of the lateral rays: severity of deformity and activity level of the patient. We believe the relationship between these 2 risk factors constitutes a threshold that allows the development of a stress fracture to serve as an adequate marker for surgical intervention. Within this patient population, a stress fracture indicates that given a patient’s lifestyle, his or her deformity is sufficient enough to cause significant and repeated morbidity. Surgical restoration of the foot to plantigrade will eliminate the increased forces to the lateral metatarsals and decrease the incidence of further injury. Thus, stress fractures of the lateral rays in patients with nonprogressive cavovarus deformities should be considered an indication for surgical intervention.
Contralateral Deep Venous Thrombosis After Hip Arthroscopy
Authors: Alaia Michael J. , Zuskov Andrey , Davidovitch Roy I.
Published: September 2011

Since the 1980s, hip arthroscopy has become an accepted treatment modality for a variety of hip conditions. It is generally considered a low-risk procedure with a low rate of complications. The risk of developing a deep venous thrombosis (DVT) or venous thromboembolism following these procedures is also thought to be low, and most patients undergoing these procedures receive no pharmacologic prophylaxis postoperatively.

This article presents a case of a 33-year-old woman with a history of oral contraceptive use who presented 13 days after a routine hip arthroscopy with pain and swelling in the contralateral thigh. Ultrasonography revealed acute DVTs in the left common femoral, superficial femoral, and popliteal veins. She was admitted to the hospital and treated accordingly. A workup for thrombophilic disorders was negative. We believe that her history of oral contraceptive use, the use of axial traction, and asymmetric forces about the pelvis during the procedure contributed to this postoperative complication.

Although this complication is rare and the use of pharmacologic prophylaxis is not common, physicians must be aware of this potential complication following hip arthroscopy.
Fracture of a Titanium Sleeve-encased Third-generation Ceramic Liner in a Modern THA
Authors: Chotai Pranit N. , Su Edwin P.
Published: September 2011

Due to their excellent tribology, ceramics are increasingly used for total hip arthroplasty (THA) in young patients. Fracture rates for contemporary ceramics range from 0% to 0.004%. Recently, ceramic liners are encased in a titanium sleeve to further decrease the chances of fracture. We encountered 1 case of a metal-encased acetabular liner fracture in a ceramic-on-ceramic articulation in a series of 764 hips. Our literature review revealed no reports of metal-encased ceramic liner fracture.

A 60-year-old woman presented 27 months after a bilateral ceramic-on-ceramic THA. She reported mechanical grinding and clicking from the left hip on extension. There was no history of trauma or fall. Examination revealed a nonantalgic gait and audible–palpable crepitations on the left hip. Range of motion of the left hip was intact with no subluxation. Radiographs revealed fractured ceramic insert and an excessively anteverted socket on the left side. Intraoperative findings revealed gross impingement in the form of indentation of the metal femoral neck against the elevated metal rim encasing the liner. Revision THA was performed using an uncemented polyethylene liner while retaining the well-fixed cup and stem. The Harris Hip Score at 4.5-year follow-up was 100, with no evidence of osteolysis or polyethylene wear.
Clavicle Fracture With Thoracic Penetration and Hemopneumothorax but Without Neurovascular Compromise
Authors: Tjoumakaris Fotios P. , Matzon Jonas L. , Williams Gerald R.
Published: September 2011

Clavicle fractures are rarely associated with more severe neurologic or vascular injuries. When these associated injuries are encountered, prompt recognition and treatment are paramount to optimize outcome. The majority of fractures that result in neurovascular compromise are from high-energy trauma; however, a high index of suspicion should be present in all cases as low-energy trauma can also result in more catastrophic injury.

This article describes a case of a low-energy clavicle fracture in a 28-year-old woman that resulted in intrathoracic penetration of the fracture fragment with hemopneumothorax. The patient underwent successful chest tube placement and open reduction and internal fixation of the fracture. A multidisciplinary team was used during surgery, including cardiothoracic, trauma, and orthopedic surgery. Two years postoperatively, the patient was back to normal activities with no neurologic, pulmonary, or vascular sequelae. This case highlights the importance of a comprehensive physical examination and inspection of all radiographs so that associated injuries are not missed.
Nursing Student Experiences with Face-to-Face Learning
Authors: Gruendemann Barbara J.
Published: September 2011

Face-to-face learning has been the mainstay of nursing student learning. Despite moves to online learning, face-to-face learning persists. This study focuses on how nursing students experience face-to-face learning and why it not only survives, but thrives. This study was anchored in a hermeneutic phenomenological approach, with Gadamerian concepts and van Manen’s lifeworlds as frameworks to understand students’ experiences of face-to-face learning. Patterns and themes were extracted from audiore-corded face-to-face interviews. Participants confirmed that face-to-face learning continues to be valued as a strong methodology in nursing education. Their experiences focused on humanism, the importance of “presence,” physical proximity, classroom as “the real thing,” immediacy of feedback, and learning and knowing by human connections and interaction. The study findings were a rich source for understanding how nursing students process learning experiences. Increased understanding of the meaning and essence of face-to-face learning is essential as we decide how nursing content will be taught.