bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
With All, and for the Good of All
Authors: Rodríguez Daniel A.
Published: January 2022

Chapter 5 focuses on debates over poverty and tuberculosis in the context of the disproportionate rates at which Cubans of color died of the disease. This focus provides a view of the city’s racial economy and the meanings that racialized disease took on in the context of a political system ostensibly based on racial egalitarianism. Tuberculosis highlights the broader social and economic dynamics that shaped the health conditions of the Cuban people. As journalists of color made clear, neither poverty nor disease were color-blind; rather, the disproportionate rates of Black poverty and disease represented a failure of the Cuban state to fulfil its historical promise of a nation “with all, and for the good of all.” In the 1910s and 1920, there was a growing sense of the need for deep structural reforms to address both the immediate health cares of the poor and the economic realities. Through this process, urban residents, reformers, and black activists pushed for a medical nationalist project that secured health as a social right, combining access to health care with economic policies to eliminate the root causes of disease.
The Poetess and the Politics of Profession
Authors: Zellinger Elissa
Published: January 2022

This chapter argues that women's writing, specifically poetry in the "Poetess" genre, exposes the tensions that wrack both the ideal liberal and lyric selves. The self-made, autonomous liberal subject was built on a permeable public/private distinction; public circulation confirmed one's circumscribed, and therefore sovereign, interiority. With its expression of private feelings, Poetess poetry was thought to demonstrate the opposite—namely, women's inability to exert liberal self-possession in public and, by extension, their dependent social status and the necessity of confining them to the domestic sphere. In order to illustrate how the literary public sphere enforced these conventions over time, this chapter compares popular texts that rehearse the expectation that women poets were not professional writers but amateurs: they could not help but profess sincere feminine emotion in their poems. In so doing, authors writing Poetess poems could turn amateurism into a kind of public "profession" (both line of work and declaration), and thereby push against the boundaries of belonging that liberalism had set. The chapter explores this process with the example of Frances Sargent Osgood, whose poems specifically about the profession of the Poetess self-consciously expose a feminized interior in public.
Insurrection
Authors: Lang Andrew F.
Published: January 2022

Emancipation was the signal, transformative event of the American Civil War, engulfing most wartime contemporaries in a social, political, and cultural revolution. From the war’s outset, African Americans insisted that the Lincoln administration wage an uncompromising abolitionist war. Black men petitioned to serve in Union armies. Eventually, once the Union determined the military and political necessity of emancipation, African Americans poured into the Union army, waging war against former enslavers and the Confederacy’s slaveholding cornerstone. No group of Americans depended more on conquering the slaveholders’ rebellion. But the very act of emancipation radicalized Confederates who alleged that Black men enlisting in Union armies violated the laws of war and the Confederacy itself. Declaring this enslaved “insurrection” as the world’s largest enslaved revolt, Confederates condemned Black Union soldiers and their white officers to death. African American military service, however, convinced loyal white Unionists of the moral imperative of emancipation, aligning loyal white and Black in a common cause against the Confederacy.
The Civil War
Authors: Inscoe John C.
Published: January 2022

Chapter 3 focuses on the chaotic conditions that defined highland home fronts during the Civil War. Given the relative scarcity of Hollywood treatments of the Civil War home front, it is striking that at least five are set in wartime Appalachia. All five films—The Little Shepherd of Kingdom Come (1961), Menace on the Mountain (1970), Cold Mountain (2003), Shenandoah (1965), and Pharaoh’s Army (1995)—embrace similar themes drawn from the experiences of highland families and communities caught in the throes of the region’s brutal inner war, exacerbated by a wide range of factors, from divided loyalties, material hardships, guerrilla tactics and other forms of irregular warfare. All 5 films dramatize the blurring lines between the home front and the battle front that typified so much of the conflict in the mountain South and have often made the struggles there such “holy hells.” All five decidedly share an anti-war stance that do little to privilege either the Union or Confederate cause.
Women on a Mission
Authors: Inscoe John C.
Published: January 2022

Chapter 5 offers a comparative perspective on three screen depictions of women mission workers—religious, educational, and cultural—who travelled to different parts of the highland South in the early twentieth century. Each of the films examined in this chapter centers on the experience of individual women who, for different circumstances, move into the southern mountains with a mission and represent outreach efforts. Inscoe argues the films’ depictions of the encounters between missionizing women and the highlanders they reached out to serve as a means of gauging Hollywood’s shifting treatment of Appalachia and its people. The varied nature of the particular messages concerning the missionizing women’s own transformations and the morals of their stories tells us as much about the eras in which these films were produced as they do about the historical realities they seek to create. Films in this chapter include I’d Climb the Highest Mountain (1951), the TV series Christy (1994-1995), and Songcatcher (2000).
Material Girls
Authors: Donovan Brian
Published: January 2022

Chapter Five considers representations of gold diggers in the final decades of the twentieth century. During these years, several changes occurred in American family life, including the erosion of the social safety net, a widening gap between the rich and poor, the widespread adoption of no-fault divorce laws, and the popularization of prenuptial agreements among the middle class. Representations of gold diggers revealed broad economic and cultural change consistent with the gender, racial, and class dynamics of advanced capitalism and neoliberalism. The chapter examines the use of the gold digger stereotype in accounting for Anna Nicole Smith’s legal fight over her husband’s estate. Model Anna Nicole Smith’s protracted legal battle over her deceased husband’s wealth speaks to the complex intersection of gender, sexuality, class, and race in the final decade of the twentieth century. Throughout the 1990s, the press and public characterized Smith as both a gold digger and “white trash.” As the preeminent gold digger of the late twentieth century, one who consciously modeled her image after Marilyn Monroe, Anna Nicole Smith was consistently portrayed as a symbol of cupidity and malevolent white womanhood.
Epilogue
Authors: Donovan Brian
Published: January 2022

The Epilogue considers the gold digger as a source of legal culture across the twentieth century. It returns to the constructivist question that animates the core of this book: Why does the gold digger stereotype act as such a powerful cultural force? This chapter also looks at the aftereffects of the gold digger’s march through the twentieth century, including the expansion of the gold digger trope in online domains and the amplification of gold digger discourse in African American vernacular and cultural production.
You Just Get Tired of It
Authors: Foster B. Brian
Published: January 2022

This chapter turns attention to how respondents asses the short- and long-term viability of Clarksdale's blues tourism strategy. Respondents were frustrated and skeptical. In their view, the blues campaign had done very little to improve the stakes and outlook of the town's black residents. Jobs had not come. The town's infrastructure was deplorable. Race relations were contentious. Respondents were also cautiously hopeful—vigilant.
Conclusion
Authors: Foster B. Brian
Published: January 2022

In Chocolate Cities, sociologists Marcus Hunter and Zandria Robinson argue for a new way of framing and interrogating the lived experiences and futures of black Americans. In their view, black life is not linear. It is a boomerang. It is not fragmented and reactionary. It is self-contained and insistent. To existing frameworks they note, "We came to fix the prescription and adjust the sight lines." I Don't Like the Blues shifts from the visual to the sonic. If Hunter and Robinson claim that we have been looking at black life wrong, Foster is arguing that we have been listening wrong too. The conclusion parses this claim out. In particular, Foster uses the conclusion to consider what "listening for the backbeat"—that is, giving empirical attention to the non-affirmative elements of black identity—means for contemporary accounts of black life and lived experience in the U.S.
Grabbing Attention
Authors: Monod David
Published: January 2022

Vaudeville was a modern entertainment, which meant that it treated its audience as people exposed to the pressures and pleasures of modern life. Vaudevillians presumed that spectators were tired and distracted and that they needed to be “woken up” and engaged without being “over-stimulated”. Players did this through a mode of performance that rested on the “direct appeal”: a casual, personal and upbeat form of communication that broke down the conventions of the theater. By looking closely at magicians, this chapter shows how the vaudeville approach to performance was both singular and burdensome.
The Crisis of a Militarized Order, 1963–1969
Authors: Sherry Michael S.
Published: January 2022

President Lyndon B. Johnson responded to the era’s turmoil (above all, racial violence and the failing American war in Vietnam) by declaring a “war on crime” and starting a shift of war-fighting resources to crime-fighting, advancing its militarization. Insofar as one president deserves blame for initiating the punitive turn, he does. Shaped by their understanding of World War II. both liberals and conservatives also played major roles.
Diners, Dudes, and Diets
Authors: Contois Emily J. H.
Published: January 2022

The phrase "dude food" likely brings to mind a range of images: burgers stacked impossibly high with an assortment of toppings that were themselves once considered a meal; crazed sports fans demolishing plates of radioactively hot wings; barbecued or bacon-wrapped . . . anything. But there is much more to the phenomenon of dude food than what’s on the plate. Emily J. H. Contois’s provocative book begins with the dude himself—a man who retains a degree of masculine privilege but doesn’t meet traditional standards of economic and social success or manly self-control. In the Great Recession’s aftermath, dude masculinity collided with food producers and marketers desperate to find new customers. The result was a wave of new diet sodas and yogurts marketed with dude-friendly stereotypes, a transformation of food media, and weight loss programs just for guys. In a work brimming with fresh insights about contemporary American food media and culture, Contois shows how the gendered world of food production and consumption has influenced the way we eat and how food itself is central to the contest over our identities.
Producing Foods for Dudes
Authors: Contois Emily J. H.
Published: January 2022

In the 2010s, diet soda and yogurt brands combatted the feminized gender coding of their products, as they sought male consumers for brands like Coke Zero, Dr. Pepper Ten, Powerful Yogurt, and Oikos Triple Zero. As food brands jockeyed for market share, advertising and subsequent press deployed gendered assumptions through product flavor, nutrition, product packaging and design, and advertising campaigns full of dude tropes. Such examples include the feminization of sweetness, the masculine coding of protein, the black and grey packaging of food products for men, and how Powerful Yogurt included six-pack abs molded into the side of every yogurt cup.
Marketing Diets to Dudes
Authors: Contois Emily J. H.
Published: January 2022

Weight Watchers deployed a number of strategies to convince male clients that dieting was a manly thing to do. Constructing male weight loss clients not as men but as dudes proved a simple strategy, as the dude could transform the feminized character of dieting. Dudes on a diet could still eat, do, and be what ever and whoever they wanted. The chapter considers the history of men within Weight Watchers from the 1960s-1990s before analyzing how they marketed to men in the twenty-first century with dude food, casual language, misogynistic humor, and connections to professional sports. Weight Watchers and other commercial weight loss programs also created a “weight loss closet,” making male dieting and weight loss attempts a secret so to protect men’s masculinity, though some male weight loss influencers today are charting a new path forward.
Beyond Black or White
Authors: Parry Tyler D.
Published: January 2022

The final chapter examines how the broomstick wedding appeals to different groups in the twenty-first century, some of which have no ancestral attachment to the custom. The chapter begins by analysing an “anarchist” marriage that uses the broomstick wedding, in which the author positions it as an anarchic symbol of matrimony since it was used by populations who were often married outside governmental regulations. It then uses this expansive historical framework to explore how jumping the broom was adopted and adapted by various cultural groups and communities in the United States and elsewhere. Viewing the ritual through a diasporic lens, it questions how it has gained some acceptance from Black people in the Caribbean and Atlantic islands who do not hold ties to North American slavery. It then analyzes how interracial couples approach the ceremony as depicted in both popular media and the wedding industry more broadly. The chapter then directs its attention toward Romani populations and Neo-pagans in the United States and Great Britain, and the circumstances under which the custom was revived and/or continued in these groups. The chapter explores the simmering debate surrounding questions of “cultural ownership” and who has the “right” to marry in this way.
Taming the Beach
Authors: Wells Jamin
Published: January 2022

This chapter traces state-level efforts to regulate and police shipwreck rescue and salvage through the creation and enforcement of “wreck laws,” the primary means by which states regulated their coasts until after the Civil War. Through a case study of one New Jersey community, it shows how local elites, under the banner of wreck law, maintained order at isolated disasters, mobilized labor on a desolate frontier, and supervised the rescue and recovery of shipwrecked goods and people while balancing civic, business, and humanitarian interests. It demonstrates how state-level efforts to regulate shipwrecks affected the coast long before industrialization and the massive expansion of the federal government—really before that cluster of physical, social, and cultural changes we now term modernity—fundamentally altered how people interacted with and understood the American beach. The chapter concludes by examining the ironic rise of sensationalist cultural representations of nefarious coastal denizens in American popular culture at the exact time the actual coast became a well-regulated part of the American state.
Money
Authors: Stein Michael
Published: January 2022

The 35 stories in this section all center on money and how people navigate their lives without having enough or any money at their disposal. Themes in these stories include sacrifice, charity, compromise, loss, and family. Topics include rent, child support, food stamps, paying for utilities, jobs and job loss, and (lack of) assistance. Facts included in this section include definitions and rates of poverty in the United States.
Work
Authors: Stein Michael
Published: January 2022

The 29 stories in this section deal with work. Many of the stories deal with the careful balance people must maintain between being able to work and still be eligible for federal assistance or other assistance programs. Many of the stories also feature different types of insurance—disability, workplace, or otherwise—that people qualify for but have trouble receiving. Patients relate stories about workplace problems, doing jobs they hate, unofficial employment, and why they take or lose jobs. Facts in this section include graduation rates, money lending, and wealth disparity.
Concluding Thoughts
Authors: Stein Michael
Published: January 2022

This final section relates some thoughts about money in the United States. Stein argues that money is at the heart of the United States and makes it what it is. Stein talks about the “gospel of having money,” and the distance he feels between himself and his patients. He wonders if he will ever fully be able to understand their feelings and experiences. He asks what the role of the clinician is and tries to provide an answer. Stein remarks that listening to the stories of the poor led him to change his career; he now works in public health. He concludes that he hopes the stories he has related in this book will inspire and move others to address the issues of poverty in America.
How Firm a Foundation
Authors: Butler Anthea
Published: January 2022

By 2000, evangelicals allowed, seemingly without ambivalence, their traditional religiosity and moralism to become yoked to national electoral politics, and the structural racism in evangelicalism clearly and visibly exploded. Up to this time, evangelicals had cloaked themselves in morality, respectability, and power. Their politics seemed, to the average onlooker, and perhaps to most of themselves, to be rooted in biblical admonitions and piety. The racism that underlay their religious movement could be waved away through belief, theology, and denial. Not so since the year 2000. Evangelical grievances, anger, and disappointment in the wake of 9/11, as well as the election of America’s first Black president, pushed believers into an open, belligerent racism that culminated in their wholesale embrace of the man they would call “King Cyrus”: Donald Trump. The journey to Trump is a story of how whiteness and racism combined to make evangelicals a potent voting bloc awash in racism and racial animus. To understand it, we must first understand the origins of evangelical support for a truly evangelical president, George W. Bush, whose presidential campaign and eight years in the White House set the stage for what would follow.
Conclusion
Authors: Butler Anthea
Published: January 2022

In this chapter, Butler asserts that evangelicalism is not a simply religious group at all. Rather, it is a nationalistic political movement whose purpose is to support the hegemony of white Christian men over and against the flourishing of others. To put it more baldly, evangelicalism is an Americanized Christianity born in the context of white Christian slaveholders. It sanctified and justified segregation, violence, and racial proscription. Slavery and racism permeate evangelicalism, and as much as evangelicals like to protest that they are color-blind, their theologies, cultures, and beliefs are anything but. Evangelicals have burrowed their identities into the infrastructure of Republican politics since Billy Graham’s relationship with Republican president Dwight D. Eisenhower. Evangelicalism is a religion that has benefited and continues to benefit from racism on both an individual level and a structural level, always under the guise of morality and patriotic nationalism. Racism in evangelicalism is not only about individual sin. It’s about the corporate sins of a religious movement that continues to believe itself good, and that good is predicated on whiteness and the proximity to power.
Limited Growth
Authors: Sell Zach
Published: January 2022

This chapter examines projects to introduce Carolina rice cultivation to colonial India which drew upon U.S. slavery. Throughout the first half of the nineteenth century, Carolina rice was singularly valued within European markets. In response to expanding demand after 1830, the East India Company and Agricultural and Horticultural Society of India sought to introduce Carolina rice cultivation across South Asia in experimental projects that included both the Bengal and Madras presidencies. Yet, these projects largely failed. By focusing upon how the limits to these projects, this chapter documents ways that antiblackness permeated global capitalism, influencing the character of British colonialism in India.
U.S. Slavery’s Colonial Obligations
Authors: Sell Zach
Published: January 2022

This chapter documents how U.S. slavery created expectations for British colonial projects to transform cotton production and exchange across colonial India. It further considers the impact that the increased exportation of Surat cottons from Western India to Lancashire had upon weavers in the North-Western Provinces recovering from the impact of famine.
SOCIOECONOMIC ANALYSIS OF CASSAVA VALUE CHAIN IN EKITI STATE, NIGERIA
Authors: Taibat Ibrahim, Ajolola
Published: January 2022

The study investigated the socioeconomic analysis of cassava value chain in Ekiti state, Nigeria using Primary data. The data were sourced with the aid of a well-structured questionnaire and Focused Group Discussion (FGD) interviews. A multistage sampling technique was used to randomly select a total of 300 respondents in the study area. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics also known as functional analysis. Functional analysis indicates presence of 5 major actors (Input supplier, producers, processors, marketers and consumers) in the value chain. The results showed that two-third of the actors were male with mean age of respondents being 50 years. About 80% of them were married with average of about 5 persons per household, and over 80% of them had at least primary school education. On the basis of income level, marketers earn highest income (N314, 786) among the actors followed by the processors (N224, 500), input suppliers (N196, 666), producers (N151, 041) and consumers (N47, 000). These characteristics have some influence on the demand and supply of cassava products and actors in the cassava value chain. It is therefore recommended that government and non-governmental organization should enact policies and programmes aimed at equipping the actors of cassava value chain with needed skills and expertise as this will expose them the current trends and technologies for effective production.

Keywords: Cassava, Value Chain, Focused Group Discussion (FGD), Ekiti State, Nigeria.
ANÁLISE FINANCEIRA DE UMA PROPRIEDADE RURAL COM PRODUÇÃO DE BOVINOS DE CORTE
Authors: Santos Natália Rodrigues dos , Leitzke Lucas Silva , Navarro Victória Severo , Rodrigues Oscar Rodrigo Moreles , Coradini Marcia Goulart Lopes , Rossato Andressa Dutra Piovesan , Simões Michele da Rosa Scholant , Bianchi Eloisa
Published: January 2022

O agronegócio brasileiro encontra-se em constante expansão, frente a esta situação os produtores vincularam a gestão do manejo dos animais com a contabilidade rural para que assim consiga evoluir no mercado pecuário e alcance maior rentabilidade. Baseado nestes dados este levantamento teórico prático tem por objetivo analisar a eficiência econômica financeira de um rebanho de bovino de corte em uma propriedade rural de x hectares. Primeiramente foi realizado um encontro com o responsável pela fazenda, no qual aferiu-se o número de animais entre bovinos e equinos que trabalham no sistema x (750 bovinos e 15 equinos), os dados referentes ao manejo e a sanidade dos animais por categorias, assim como informações referentes ao controle do gerenciamento administrativo. Logo após foi executado a verificação do inventário da propriedade onde analisou-se o patrimônio, os custos e despesas, a receita, a lucratividade, o fluxo de caixa e a depreciação no ciclo produtivo. Concluímos ser de extrema importância a associação e o gerenciamento dos índices zootécnicos, manejo geral e reprodutivo, com a contabilidade patrimonial, considerando que estes possibilitam ao produtor, aumentar sua eficiência produtiva e por consequência elevar o seu capital. Ressalta-se que a execução do balanço anual da propriedade é extremamente significativa para que o produtor rural consiga estruturar os investimentos e modernização implementados na propriedade.
Covid 19 home confinement effects on consumer's food consumption and eating habits
Authors: Solanki Reena , Singh Kiran
Published: January 2022

The pandemic COVID-19 continues to threaten human life in all over the world. This pandemic changed the scenario of life in every way such as finance, health and even the food habits. This paper investigated the home confinement effects on consumer’s food consumption and eating habits during pandemic. In line with the recommendations for social distancing under pandemic conditions, the empirical data was collected through online survey. A sample size of 30 respondents was randomly selected from Hisar district in Haryana state. An online questionnaire was made and circulated through local social media( g-mail and what’s up) among the respondents during lockdown period starts from April to May 2021.The results revealed that maximum number of respondents (46.6%) belonged to 31-40 years of age group, belonging to BC category (46.6%),were graduate(40.0%) with main occupation as government service (56.6%).More than half of the respondents(56.6%) supermarket was the most preferred place of purchase of various food items from different food categories. Huge majority of the respondents (90.0%) prefer to consume home made products with rank I. Due to home confinement, majority of the respondents change their eating habits and follow practices in adoption of cooking and preparing food scored I rank.In stocking of food items, most of the respondents(80.0%) stock only non-perishable products such as cereal and cereal products and spices and condiments followed by other food categories.To ensure the safety of itself and others from Covid-19,take some simple precautions like social distancing, wearing a mask, keeping rooms well ventilated, avoiding crowds, cleaning your hands and coughing into a bent elbow or tissue.
Introduction
Authors: Alonso Antonio Eduardo
Published: January 2022

Resist! This exhortation animates a range of theological reflection on consumer culture in the United States. Theologians from disparate perspectives share a common conviction that consumerism runs against the grain of the gospel and is in need of distinctly Christian reform. And often the source and summit of their hope for a Christian practice that might fund such resistance is the Eucharist. The central task of theology, in this vision, is to seek out ways to respond to, resist, or reshape a consumer culture that threatens all that Christians hold dear. This book calls into question this exclusive focus on resistance. It argues that reducing the work of theology to resistance and centering hope in a Eucharist that might better support that resistance undermines our ability to talk about the activity of God within a consumer culture, binds grace to human activity, and instrumentalizes the Eucharist into ethics. By reframing the question in terms of God’s activity in and in spite of culture—rather than apart from it—it proposes a mode of lived theological reflection on consumer culture and Eucharist that sees their interrelationship in light of the unique challenges that US consumerism poses to Christian thought and practice.
Seeds
Authors: Bayne Brandon L.
Published: January 2022

Missionaries in New Spain embraced an agricultural metaphor, that missionary and Indigenous death were “seeds” necessary for the planting and expansion of Christendom. It helped them make sense of not only their personal sacrifices, but also the sorrows of the Native communities with whom they worked. Far from striking them as incongruous with earlier Christian suffering or other global settings at the hands of empires, the Ibero-American context facilitated a transposition in which Jesuits understood martyrdom to be essential to colonization. They imagined themselves not primarily as imperial agents but as suffering servants. Through this lens, rebellions and missionary failure were not interpreted as rejections of the colonial project but as essential deposits in the land in which Indigenous Christianities would eventually flourish. Likewise, when the Natives of Sinaloa, Sonora, Durango, and Baja California died from epidemic disease, coercive labor, internecine warfare, and colonial reprisal, they participated in a providential process that would eventually produce settled frontiers and Christianized Natives.
Macrological Mystification
Authors: Berger Harry
Published: January 2022

Leaving behind a strictly structural reading of the poem, this chapter investigates the implications of the Epimethean and Promethean myths that arise within the poem in an attempt to parse what share human beings have in the obtainment and exercise of virtue, and whether even the gods are able to pursue virtue in opposition to necessity. Failing that possibility, the chapter expounds on the necessary self-defeat of Socrates’s own argument.
The Ethics of Etceteration
Authors: Berger Harry
Published: January 2022

This chapter takes up discussion of the complexities inherent to the debate in two major parts: first, how Protagoras’s sophistry concentrates on perpetually deferred, implicit colophons to the premises that he fails to warrant; and secondly, the chapter involves Austinian speech-act theory in Socrates’s use of the poem, concentrating more specifically on how performance colors his rhetoric in ways not readily apparent in cold recitation.
How Ethical Is Our Life with Concepts?
Authors: Cordey Michael
Published: January 2022

Through a discussion of the medical shared decision-making paradigm, this chapter argues that the question of ethics is less about achieving clear-cut justified agreements than about the difficulties to stitch together what really matters to people. The point is that moral deliberation, which underpins the shared decision-making model in medicine, is blind to those difficulties because it is unable to grasp the difficulties inherent to the normative life people are having with concepts.
“To Search for the Solely Rational”
Authors: Chudakova Tatiana
Published: January 2022

Chapter two follows up on this history by examining Soviet and present-day Russian scientists’ efforts, begun in the 1980s, to “rationalize” the diagnostic techniques of Buryat-Tibetan medicine by producing a device that would replicate the traditional practitioner’s diagnostic palpations of pulses. The chapter follows these specialists’ recurrent uncertainties about the kind of data—and the forms of knowledge—the resulting machines generated.
“We Are Not Iron That We Need Tempering”
Authors: Chudakova Tatiana
Published: January 2022

Chapter five looks at the frictions at the core of projects of medical integration. It follows the ways in which local actors involved with Tibetan medicine, both inside the clinic and outside of it, “regionalize” biomedicine as a specific and cultural formation, entangled with and therefore inflected by the political and ideological interests of the state. Mobilizing claims to distinct, local biologies, these practitioners suggest that the body implicit in “modern medicine” is not an adequate “base line” for a universal therapeutic practice. In these accounts, Tibetan medicine becomes a more cosmopolitan ground for treatment—and for the possibilities of medical integration—than the one offered by modern biomedicine.
“Nothing in the World That Couldn’t Be Medicinal”
Authors: Chudakova Tatiana
Published: January 2022

Chapter six focuses on the committed entwinements between practitioners of Tibetan medicine in Siberia and the plants they work into medicines. Concerned with plant labor, it follows the cultivation of therapeutic potencies by attending to “plant matters”—both the lively materialities of the different plants necessary for medicine-making, and the matter of minding the entanglements of vegetal and human communities and bodies. I suggest that Tibetan medicine, as it is practiced in Buryatia, curates plants’ vitalities by cultivating embodied modes of attention to human and nonhuman co-presences and histories. In so doing, it makes explicit layered relations between post-socialist deindustrialization, Buddhist cosmologies, ailing human bodies, and vegetal life.
Introduction
Authors: Cornille Catherine
Published: January 2022

The discipline of comparative theology involves constructive engagement with the teachings and practices of other religions, both as they present a critique of one’s own tradition and as they offer new categories and insights for rethinking established beliefs and practices. The introduction lays out the various ways in which the authors have learned from their study of and dialogue with other religions, in particular Judaism, Islam, Hinduism, Buddhism, Daoism and African religions.
God’s Suffering in the Hindu-Christian Gaze
Authors: Clooney Francis X.
Published: January 2022

This essay reflects on the Christian (Catholic, Jesuit) effort in India to explain and emphasize the importance of the atoning death of Christ. Arguments in defense of the unique and saving atonement of Christ can be narrowly apologetic and exclusory, based on moral grounds (Christ as the exemplar of selflessness for the sake of others), or efficacious grounds (Christ’s taking upon himself the sins of others to free all from the penalties of sin). Beyond the exemplary and efficacious, however, the aesthetic (visual, poetic) and contemplative gaze upon the crucified still more powerfully communicates what that death is about: One ought to see Christ crucified, contemplate him in his suffering. Along the way, I also take note of some Hindu views on vicarious suffering, challenging or resonating with fundamental Christian sentiments and commitments. The essay concludes that a recognition of the power of the aesthetic and contemplative appropriation of Christ’s death invites a certain mutuality and also a Christian appreciation of the suffering of divine persons in certain strands of Hinduism.
More Than Meets the Eye
Authors: Roberts Michelle Voss
Published: January 2022

This essay takes up the maṇḍala, as it appears in the non-dual Śaiva traditions of Kashmir, as a helpful point of comparison with the cross. It centers on two instances in which contemplating a shocking image becomes a theologically illuminating practice: Julian of Norwich’s contemplation on her vision of the crucifixion scene, and tantric meditations on Śiva in the terrible form of Bhairava. Reading these practices together yields an interpretation of the cross that disrupts the logical calculus of substitutionary atonement through sensory and imaginative encounters with an “at-one-ment” of divinization and solidarity.
The Clash and Continuity of Interpretation of Redemptive Suffering Between African Religions and Christianity
Authors: Uzukwu Elochukwu
Published: January 2022

Theologians of African origin consider Christianity as indigenous to Africa. They affirm continuity between African indigenous religion and Christianity. This essay explores how traditional African understanding of humans, ancestors, deities and God, and the complex fluid traditions and histories of African peoples contribute to a renewed interpretation of the suffering of Jesus Christ, the Healer, for the good of Africa and the world. First, attention is drawn to figures of “redemptive suffering” in African traditional religions: persons endowed with, possessing or being possessed by, “spirit” that empowers them to function for the good or health of the society and individuals. Second, the essay highlights the way spiritual and religious power operates in African Christian communities and the conflicting interpretations and evaluations of this reality. The meshing of indigenous with Christian elements enables African Christians to reinvent the discourse on redemptive suffering in contemporary Christianity.
Redemptive Suffering After the Shoah
Authors: Moyaert Marianne
Published: January 2022

In this chapter, I approach the doctrine of vicarious atonement through the figure of the suffering servant. I probe how this figure has been used both by Christian and Jewish scholars throughout the centuries to better understand their role in God’s plan of salvation and to make sense of their respective historico-cultural experiences of suffering in light thereof. The leitmotiv in my going back and forth between Christian and Jewish traditions is a sense that something did go terribly wrong in Jewish-Christian relations and that Christians have to bear the burden of this history and critically examine what role its understanding of the Christ-figure played in the emergence of anti-Judaism.
The Symphonia Doctrine: Introduction
Authors: Džalto Davor
Published: January 2022

The chapter introduces the problem of Christian theological reflections upon the political and the relationships between Early Christianity and the state. The concept of “symphonia” is also introduced in the context of Eastern Roman Empire and early Christian political theologies. The chapter also discusses the concept of “Byzantine” Empire.
Early Christianity: Who’s Conducting “Symphonia”?
Authors: Džalto Davor
Published: January 2022

The chapter analyses the relationship between Christianity/Church and the state/Roman Empire in the first centuries of the Christian Era. The chapter explores New Testament as well as Patristic texts that discuss the relationship between Christianity and the state/state authorities. The chapter also explains these early political theologies within the broader process of constructing (future) “symphonic” models, as well as within the predominant (polytheistic) Roman political, religious, and ideological context.
Divus Constantinus and Court Theology in the Eastern Empire
Authors: Džalto Davor
Published: January 2022

In this chapter the author discusses Christian theological narratives about the political sphere from the time of Constantine the Great to the fall of the Eastern Roman (Byzantine) Empire. The author points to the continuity of certain religious-political ideas that would be incorporated into the “symphonic” political/theological narratives. The author also discusses the position, meaning, and role of the Roman Emperor vis-à-vis the Church, and the role of bishops as well as theologians vis-à-vis- the State.
The Modern Nation, Ethnicity, and State-Based Political Theologies
Authors: Džalto Davor
Published: January 2022

This chapter analyses dominant Orthodox political theologies in the period of modernity that articulated the meaning and significance of modern nations and states. These theologies very often utilized modern nationalism and other collective (e.g., ethnic) identities to construct political theologies that would go beyond the classical symphonic models. The chapter also shows how these theologies effectively served as secular religions.
Being as Freedom and Necessity
Authors: Džalto Davor
Published: January 2022

The chapter discusses the metaphysical foundations of the human quest for power and the significance of freedom in the context of Orthodox Christian eschatology and anthropology. If one aspires to properly understand the place and meaning of the political sphere from an (Orthodox) Christian point of view and to explore the antagonism between the Orthodox Christian faith and power structures (in the variety of forms in which they appear), it is necessary to delve into some of the basic (metaphysical) concerns of Orthodox faith. In such reading, the problem of power manifests itself as the problem of necessity which is in some very fundamental aspects connected with the human being in the world.
The End and the Beginning
Authors: Džalto Davor
Published: January 2022

This chapter summarizes the most important arguments. It stresses that in addressing the manifold challenges that the present-day power structures present us with, Christian thinkers should be very careful not to repeat the mistakes of the past. They should never construct theological narratives that glorify or justify any social order or ideology as ideal or “Christian.” The perfect society, from a Christian point of view, can only be the Kingdom of God. Only there the interhuman relations and the very existence of each human being is based on freedom and love. In such a “society,” external and authoritative exercise of power is neither possible nor needed.
Entertaining the Second Vatican Council: Creative Theologies in The Honorary Consul and Monsignor Quixote
Authors: Sampson Martyn
Published: January 2022

This chapter is about the relationship between the religious and the secular. Greene’s characters dramatize how their versions of religion converge within and between his texts, such that his novels relate in complex ways, presenting issues specific to the author himself, rather than the Church or a non-dialogical conception of God the Father. The Honorary Consul (1973), in its dynamic engagement with Vatican II, acquires no singular collection of perspectives, values, or principles. In Monsignor Quixote (1982), Greene is not committed to a particular objective. He directs attention to how form and content may be framed by any system of belief. Greene’s work, including its relationship to innumerably different individuals and collectives, should be read by way of its intersection with a variety of sometimes conflicting spectrums of meaning. They could be individualist and collectivist, of which none should assume dominance in an interpretative act.
Interlude
Authors: Saria Vaibhav
Published: January 2022

The interlude maps out how hijras are placed within the male/female binary. It offers a critical examination of the way hijras have been defined—as the third gender, neither man nor woman, and transgender. There are alternative ways of thinking about hijras in terms of other schemas—such as asceticism, eroticism—that lead us away from contradictions arising from identities based on gender and sexuality. Being a hijra points to a broader ethical posture with resultant impacts on the performance of gender and sexuality. Also addressed here is the way in which hijras frame their sex work and show that it contributes to the formation of their asceticism.
Avery Dulles, Theology, and the Twentieth Century
Authors: Lienhard Joseph T.
Published: January 2022

This chapter examines how Avery Dulles's life and career are, in many ways, a microcosm of the history and development of Catholic theology in the twentieth century. It has two parts: history, the events and institutions that Dulles was, in some way, part of, and theology, his own thought, as it developed in parallel with the history. The history can be divided into three eras. The first extends from the middle of the nineteenth century (even though Dulles was born in 1918) up to about 1960; Dulles was active toward the end of that era. The second is the era marked by the Second Vatican Council (1962–1965) and its aftermath. The third, the least clearly defined, began — for Dulles, at least — about twenty-five years after the Council. The era roughly from the middle of the nineteenth century to the middle of the twentieth has been called the Pian century. The characteristics of that century are easy to enumerate: neo-scholastic theology, taught in Latin in Rome and in most seminaries; resistance to, and anxiety about, modern culture, exemplified in the condemnation of rationalism and modernism; and fear of post-Kantian historicism, especially when applied to the Bible.
The Undomesticated Church
Authors: Yount Mary Beth
Published: January 2022

This chapter explores how Avery Dulles, with his rich reflections on faith, revelation, and inspiration, is the perfect dialogue partner for an examination of the mutually informing belongings of both family members and Church members. Dulles's uplifting of the importance of experience at the point where our lives intersect with God's mystery can help us to see that the Church and the family bring about what they represent and can help us encounter God's self-communication and the mystery of Christ. In the same way that Dulles's models of the Church help shed light on revelation, as ultimately mysterious as it remains, so, too, does the image of the family as a domestic church help shed light on the Church, revelation, and the relationship between members of families and the entire Church. Indeed, Dulles posits the importance of images for the life of the Church, its preaching, its liberty, and its general feelings of common identity and loyalty. Images help to capture and inspire the Catholic imagination.
On the sensible heat energy, latent heat energy and potential energy of the troposphere over Dhaka before the occurrence of nor’westers in Bangladesh during the pre-monsoon season
Authors: KARMAKAR SAMARENDRA , ALAM Md. MAHBUB
Published: January 2022

Attempts have been made to study the different energy components of the troposphere prior to the occurrence of nor’westers in Bangladesh during the pre-monsoon season. The energy components of the troposphere on the dates of occurrence of nor’westers have also been compared with the energy components of non-occurrence day, weekly and monthly normal values. During the pre-monsoon season, the sensible heat (SH) and latent heat (LH) content of the troposphere increase as the season progresses due to the warming of the troposphere and availability of moisture respectively. The SH and LH of the troposphere on the dates of occurrence of nor’westers increases significantly from near the surface to about 300-200 hPa and about 900 hPa level to about 400 hPa or more respectively in most of the cases, although it has inter-layer variations. There are some exceptions especially in the lower troposphere where there exists decrease in LH of the troposphere at 0000 UTC. These exceptions may be due to the availability of less moisture in the lower atmosphere on some occasions early in the morning. It has also been found that the SH and LH of the troposphere on the dates of occurrence of nor’westers become significantly above weekly normal from near the surface to about 300-200 hPa and in the lower troposphere respectively in most of the cases. The SH is found to be below normal in the layer between 850 and 650 hPa levels and significantly above monthly normal in the upper troposphere, having maximum in the layer 400-300 hPa. The LH is significantly above the monthly normal in the lower troposphere, and it becomes below monthly normal in the mid-troposphere. During the pre-monsoon season, mean monthly potential energy (PE) of a parcel of air in the troposphere decreases in the lower troposphere upto about mid-troposphere and then increases in the upper troposphere as the season progresses. The PE has a decreasing tendency near the surface on the dates of occurrence of nor’westers in many cases and then it shows erratic behaviour in the vertical. The variation of PE on the dates of occurrence of nor’westers from the weekly normal is minimum in the lower atmosphere and does not show any definite trend onwards.