bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Income Effect of Minimum Wage for the Underclass: Is It Positive in China?
Authors: Fusheng Xie  , Ruilin Chen
Published: March 2018

The ongoing debates on the impact of minimum wage have largely focused on the policy's employment effect for its theoretical implications, but the real question at stake here is its income effect, that is, whether or not it can increase the income of the underclass. Previous efforts have mostly relied on various forms of market imperfection to verify the theoretical integrity of this policy, whereas in this article we have raised another Marxian perspective, emphasizing the positive check of minimum wage on overtime work. Classical economists have long recognized the vulnerability of the working class when faced against capitalists, but only Marx has paid special attention to the complicated interaction between hourly/unit wage rates and the length of the working day, proposing that low wage rates would not only hurt workers by forcing them to work overtime, but that it would also hurt the capitalists as a class once large-scale labor degradation kicks in, endangering the very existence of a well-functioning working class for them to employ. Both the inherent conflict of interests between individual capitalists and capitalists as a class and workers' systematic disadvantage against capital serve to call for the intervention of a “visible hand” which is the establishment of a minimum wage. A theoretical model has been proposed to formalize this wage-hour mechanism for the underclass, emphasizing the special constraints they face when making labor supply decisions. We have discussed three different types of income effect, explaining how workers' income might increase with minimum wage and how firms might also benefit from such a process.
Gotham City and the Gothic literary and architectural traditions
Authors: Fitch Alex
Published: March 2018

In 1998, the various monthly Batman titles published by DC Comics depicted the fictional Gotham City as being rocked by an Earthquake measuring 7.6 on the Richter scale. The eighteen-issue storyline explored all the dramatic potential of this event, but a primary reason why this story was included in DC’s output was to have an excuse to no longer make the comic book Gotham look like the city as portrayed in the 1990s Batman movies. On-screen, thanks to the work of set designer Anton Furst who had worked on Tim Burton’s first Batman in 1989, the city was depicted as a retrofitted sixteenth-century urban nightmare, with gargoyles and buttresses jostling space for neon lights and advertising hoardings. While Batman in the comics had always been seen as a modernist urban hero, Burton’s influences came from the tradition of European fairytales and horror films, so his collaboration with Furst – who had previously designed the film of Angela Carter’s The Company of Wolves (1984) – was apt in bringing a very different sensibility to his vision of the superhero film. This was then represented in the pages of 1990s Batman comics, with the city redesigned to match its image on film. This article looks at representations of the Gothic aesthetic in the pages of Batman: Destroyer and other visions of the caped vigilante that highlight the Gothic potential of the character and his city, and whether a more Gothic Gotham suits a darker Dark Knight.
Ficciones de inmunidad en el cine contemporáneo europeo. Dos lecturas de los marcos sociales de la inmigración desde Welcome y Le Havre
Authors: Rodríguez Pérez María Pilar , Bayón Martín Fernando
Published: March 2018

El discurso político oficial europeo se orienta cada vez más hacia una identificación de la inmigración y la llegada de refugiados con la amenaza y la necesidad de inmunizar a la comunidad frente a peligros tales como el terrorismo, la pérdida de capacidad económica o el riesgo de contagio de actitudes, valores y creencias. A través de la exploración de las películas Welcome (Philippe Lioret, Francia, 2009) y Le Havre (Aki Kaurismäki, Finlandia-Francia-Alemania, 2011), se propone una forma de actuación por parte de los protagonistas que, a riesgo de perder la inmunidad, buscan instancias que eviten ser solidarias con el poder (Esposito, 2006b). Tales protagonistas ejemplifican un comportamiento de exposición a la vida, al contagio de la relación emocional, que contribuye a difuminar las jerarquías entre los distintos tipos de vida. En estas películas, los ciudadanos europeos se ven expuestos al castigo resultante de incumplir las leyes por prestar apoyo y hospitalidad a inmigrantes o refugiados en situaciones de peligro. Estas dos películas son una muestra de un tipo de cine europeo en el que se proyectan historias con el potencial para propagar el contagio del acercamiento al Otro a través de una serie de encuentros en los que el afecto se impone sobre el miedo.
Ficciones inmunitarias. Sobre la lógica de la inmunidad en la cultura contemporánea
Authors: Peris Blanes Jaume
Published: March 2018

Este trabajo desarrolla el concepto de “ficción inmunitaria” tomando como ejemplos paradigmáticos relatos de epidemias y narrativas zombi, que comparten la idea del contagio como matriz principal de la narración. El artículo trata de abordar la siguiente pregunta: ¿de qué modo estas ficciones, y otras similares, participan del imaginario de la inmunidad y escenifican, a la vez, algunas de sus contradicciones internas? Para ello reflexiona en torno a un conjunto de productos culturales de difusión masiva (novelas, series televisivas, obras cinematográficas). En primer lugar, analiza cómo estas ficciones ponen en relato los miedos y angustias sociales vinculadas a las tensiones del “paradigma inmunitario” y representan las relaciones complejas entre la comunidad, su amenaza y las formas posibles de inmunización. En segundo lugar, describe cómo generan una experiencia narrativa de impacto que busca producir un miedo derivativo en su público que, sin duda, refuerza y consolida la lógica social de la inmunidad y legitima sus múltiples formas de violencia ante la amenaza.
En carne viva. Políticas de muerte en Otto; or Up with Dead People de Bruce LaBruce
Authors: De Mauro Martín Adrián , Platzeck Jose
Published: March 2018

El presente artículo analiza la figura del zombi presentada en el filme Otto; or Up with Dead People del director Bruce LaBruce partiendo de la perspectiva biopolítica y con especial interés en su funcionamiento inmunitario. Nos proponemos realizar a partir de este análisis una reflexión sobre lo que llamamos “políticas de muerte” a la luz del zombi como monstruo biopolítico. En primer lugar, el zombie nos permite indagar sobre las formas de cualificación de la vida y el reparto de violencia sobre los cuerpos en torno a la distinción que puede leerse en el filme entre carne viviente y carne consumible. En segundo lugar es posible realizar a partir de la figura de Otto una reflexión sobre la sexualidad y las arquitecturas corporales en relación al discurso del posporno. Por último y en relación con lo anterior, el filme abre un espacio para problematizar las formas de pertenencia y la comunidad muerto-viviente a la luz de un cierto ethos neoliberal y su interpelación mercantil. La figuración del zombi nos permite así, a lo largo del desarrollo, iluminar espacios de agenciamiento o una determinada potencia afirmativa al interior del paradigma inmunitario y las políticas de muerte contemporáneas.
Aspectos lúdicos de lo cotidiano en el Arte Paleolítico
Authors: Lombo Montañés Alberto
Published: March 2018

Las sonrisas, risas y caricaturas que se han detectado en grafías humanas del arte paleolítico permiten investigar aspectos lúdicos de lo cotidiano en la Prehistoria. La definición, clasificación y análisis de estas grafías demuestran que este fenómeno lúdico, basado en la exageración de las formas y las expresiones alegres, se manifestó en diversas zonas de la región francesa durante el Magdaleniense. Estos documentos son interpretados como la prueba gráfica de un sentido del humor prehistórico.
On landscapes, maps and Upper Paleolithic lifestyles in the central European corridor: the images of Pavlov and Předmostí
Authors: Svoboda Jiri
Published: March 2018

En el contexto de los debates recientes sobre las capacidades humanas modernas relativos a la conciencia del tiempo y del espacio, la planificación y la caza organizada, este artículo presenta tres grabados gravetienses sobre colmillos de mamut y placas de marfil de los yacimientos de Pavlov y Předmostí en Europa central, sugiriendo sus posibles interpretaciones como «mapas» y/o «planes de caza».
Las qverimoniae: reclamaciones administrativas durante la dinastía constantiniana
Authors: Moreno Resano Esteban
Published: March 2018

Las leyes imperiales de los siglos iv, v y vi d.C. comprendían la posibilidad de que los ciudadanos romanos pudieran presentar ante los príncipes reclamaciones administrativas (llamadas querimoniae) contra la actuación de magistrados u oficiales que hubieran obrado con negligencia o desidia en el ejercicio de sus funciones. Este estudio analiza exclusivamente los casos documentados durante la dinastía constantiniana (306-363), período durante el cual se configuró este procedimiento. Se trataba de un medio legal de control institucional introducido por Constantino a partir del año 313, con el fin de garantizar el cumplimiento de las leyes, la fidelidad del personal burocrático y la estabilidad política en una época alterada por los conflictos civiles.
Sobre los nombres de las unidades familiares indígenas en la Hispania antigua (2.ª parte)
Authors: Luján Eugenio R.
Published: March 2018

Se estudia en este trabajo la relación entre los nombres de unidades familiares indígenas en genitivo plural y los nombres indígenas que también puede referirse a ellas, atendiendo a diferentes aspectos. Tras analizar en la primera parte del artículo los procedimientos de derivación empleados para formar los nombres de esas unidades, en esta segunda parte se lleva a cabo una revisión de las menciones de parentesco en relación con los nombres de unidades familiares, con especial atención al tercer bronce de Botorrita. Los resultados refuerzan la idea de que no se trataba de grandes clanes, sino de grupos más limitados en número y extensión temporal, lo que se puede poner en relación con la información epigráfica sobre los procesos por los cuales podían ir surgiendo, dentro de una unidad familiar previamente existente, nuevas unidades con un nombre diferente, que ya fueron tratados en la primera parte.
Genotype analysis of partial growth hormone gene (GH891│MspI) in Pesisir cattle and Simmental-Pesisir crossbred cattle
Authors: Hartatik T. , Putra D. E. , Volkandari S. D. , Kanazawa T. , Sumadi S.
Published: March 2018

Growth hormone gene that controls metabolism and body size of animals and polymorphism of the gene is known related to performance of livestock. Identification of gene polymorphisms was important to get early information to determine genetic markers associated with economically desirable traits. Genetic mapping is one of important characterizations in the selection process. Pesisir cattle is one of local cattle in Indonesia that are reared in West Sumatera and have become adaptive to local environment. The present study aimed to identify the genotype of Growth Hormone gene (GH891│MspI) of the Pesisir cattle and crossbred Simmental-Pesisir cattle (designated as SimPes) and relationship between growth performance (body weight and body size). The present study was conducted to 30 blood samples consisted of 15 Pesisir cattle and 15 SimPes cattle. Body weight and body size were measured at 12-18 months of age. The Polymerase Chain Reaction-Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) method was used in this research. The results showed that there exist three variant genotypes (MspI-/-, MspI+/-, MspI+/+) and that allele frequencies of MspI- and MspI+ were 53.3% and 46.7%, respectively. Non-significant effect has found between GH’s genotype and growth traits (Body measurement and body weight) in both of breed cattle. In conclusion, three variant genotypes (GH891│MspI) in Pesisir and SimPes (Simmental x Pesisir) cattle population were found and no significant effect on growth trait performance.
Genetic polymorphisms in human telomerase reverse transcriptase (hTERT) gene polymorphisms do not associated with breast cancer in patients in a turkish population: hospital-based case-control study
Authors: Aydin Muhsin , Sümbül Ahmet Taner , Camuz Hilaloğullari Günay , Bayram Süleyman
Published: March 2018

Breast cancer (BC) is encountered most frequently in developed or developing countries. It is the most common cancer in humans following lung cancer, and it is the most common cancer type resulting in mortality in women. Genetic polymorphisms are among the genetic factors that play an important role in the development of the breast cancer. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of five functional single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of hTERT (rs2736109 G>A, rs2735940 T>C, rs2853669 A>G, rs2736098 G>A, and rs2736100 T>G) on susceptibility to BC in Turkish population. The genotype frequency of hTERT rs2736109 G>A, rs2735940 T>C, rs2853669 A>G, rs2736098 G>A, and rs2736100 T>G polymorphisms were determined by using a polymerase chain reaction–restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR–RFLP) and TaqMan methods in 123 subjects with GC and 122 healthy control subjects. The mean age value of the BC patients was 51.58±11.28 (among them 8 subjects â‰¤35 and 115 subjects >35). In this study, it was found that there was no statistical difference between hTERT rs2736109 G>A, rs2735940 T>C, rs2853669 A>G, rs2736098 G>A, and rs2736100 T>G polymorphisms that can be associated with risk of BC.
The prevalence of CMY-2, OXA-48 and KPC-2 genes in clinical isolates of Klebsiella spp.
Authors: Tavakoly Talayeh , Jamali Samar , Mojtahedi Ali , Khan Mirzaei Mohammadali , Shenagari Mohammad
Published: March 2018

Klebsiella pneumoniae is a Gram-negative bacterium which causes several human infections. Treatment of infections related to K. pneumoniae has become problematic, because of increasing trend of extended spectrum Î²-lactamases producing (ESBLs) strains. The present study was aimed to detect the prevalence of ESBL-producing Klebsiella spp. and KPC-2, CMY-2 and OXA-48 Î²-lactamase encoding genes in clinical isolates of Klebsiella spp. isolated from hospitalized patients. In this cross-sectional study carried out from February to August 2014, 144 isolates of Klebsiella spp. were collected from different clinical specimens in hospitals in the North of Iran. Klebsiella isolates were identified using standard microbiological procedure. Antimicrobial susceptibility patterns were determined using disk diffusion method in accordance with CLSI recommendation. The presence of antibiotic resistance genes were investigated by PCR method. Among 144 Klebsiella spp., 118 isolates were identified as K. pneumoniae and 26 isolates as Klebsiella oxytoca. Antibiotic susceptibility test showed the most resistance rates were against amoxicillin (96.5%) and ampicillin (95.8%). On the other hand, the most effective antibiotic was revealed to be imipenem with resistance rate of 4.9% (Table 2). Among 144 isolated Klebsiella strains, 57 cases (39.6%) were ESBL producers. The OXA-48 and KPC-2 genes were not detected among Klebsiella spp. during the present study, but 21.1% of isolates contained CMY-2 gene. This is the first report of CMY-2 gene detection in Klebsiella spp. in Iran. The homology between CMY-2 genes identified in isolates from Northern Iran and in other countries showed the wide dispersion of this gene around the world.
Human podocytes responses to alternatively spliced Extra domain A Fibronectin in culture
Authors: Madne Tarunkumar Hemraj , Dockrell Mark Edward Carl
Published: March 2018

The interactions of the extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins with cells strongly regulate cell behaviour. The glomerular basement membrane (GBM) is a dynamic structure made up of protein secreted by endothelial cells and podocyte. These proteins could regulate the behaviour of these cells in health and diseases. Extra Domain A + Fn (EDA+Fn) is an alternatively spliced form of Fibronectin (Fn) recently identified in GBM and a recognised marker of various pathologies. In this study for the first time, we have investigated the responses of human podocytes cultured on different composition of GBM proteins which are cellular Fn (EDA+), plasma Fn (EDA-) and collagen IV. Conditionally immortalised human podocyte were grown on the dishes coated with different matrices; collagen IV (Col IV), cellular fibronectin (CFn) containing the EDA Exon, plasma fibronectin (PFn), which lacks the EDA Exon (EDA-Fn). We have performed western blotting to characterise the expression of the different proteins, real time PCR and RT-PCR to look for gene expression and alternative splicing of EDA+Fn. We have used TGFÎ²1 as a stimulator. We have used HEK-Blue-hTLR4 cells to determine the biological activity of cellular Fn. Conditionally immortalised human podocyte show marked differences in their morphology grown on the dishes coated with different matrices; Col IV, CFn, and PFn. CFn was biologically active as it activated the TLR4 signalling in HEK-Blue-hTLR4 cells. Different matrices effects basal as well as TGFÎ²1 mediated alternative splicing of EDA+Fn. TGFÎ²1 was active on different matrices as it induced phosphorylation of pSmad3 however it did not affect phosphorylation of pAkt and p38. Interestingly, different cellular matrices affected basal phosphorylation of pAkt. CFn downregulated gene expression of synaptopodin and increased gene expression of collagen I and Fn. CFn increased cell death in detached human podocytes. Alteration of the constituents of the GBM is likely to significantly alter podocyte cellular responses to growth factors involved in podocytopathies, such as TGFÎ².
Metabotropic Glutamate Receptor 2/3 (mGluR2/3) Activation Suppresses TRPV1 Sensitization in Mouse, But Not Human, Sensory Neurons
Authors: Sheahan Tayler D. , Valtcheva Manouela V. , McIlvried Lisa A. , Pullen Melanie Y. , Baranger David A.A. , Gereau Robert W.
Published: March 2018

The use of human tissue to validate putative analgesic targets identified in rodents is a promising strategy for improving the historically poor translational record of preclinical pain research. We recently demonstrated that in mouse and human sensory neurons, agonists for metabotropic glutamate receptors 2 and 3 (mGluR2/3) reduce membrane hyperexcitability produced by the inflammatory mediator prostaglandin E2(PGE2). Previous rodent studies indicate that mGluR2/3 can also reduce peripheral sensitization by suppressing inflammation-induced sensitization of TRPV1. Whether this observation similarly translates to human sensory neurons has not yet been tested. We found that activation of mGluR2/3 with the agonist APDC suppressed PGE2-induced sensitization of TRPV1 in mouse, but not human, sensory neurons. We also evaluated sensory neuron expression of the gene transcripts for mGluR2 (Grm2), mGluR3 (Grm3), and TRPV1 (Trpv1). The majority ofTrpv1+mouse and human sensory neurons expressedGrm2and/orGrm3, and in both mice and humans,Grm2was expressed in a greater percentage of sensory neurons thanGrm3. Although we demonstrated a functional difference in the modulation of TRPV1 sensitization by mGluR2/3 activation between mouse and human, there were no species differences in the gene transcript colocalization of mGluR2 or mGluR3 with TRPV1 that might explain this functional difference. Taken together with our previous work, these results suggest that mGluR2/3 activation suppresses only some aspects of human sensory neuron sensitization caused by PGE2. These differences have implications for potential healthy human voluntary studies or clinical trials evaluating the analgesic efficacy of mGluR2/3 agonists or positive allosteric modulators.
“Actual Center of Detroit”: Method, Management, and Decentralization in Albert Kahn's General Motors Building
Authors: Abrahamson Michael
Published: March 2018

In the period 1919–22, two events catalyzed General Motors’ nascent dominance in the automotive industry: the company built a monumental headquarters in Detroit, designed by Albert Kahn Associates and located on what was then the periphery of the city; and a restructuring of the corporation was enacted at the behest of several newly appointed executives, including Alfred P. Sloan. In “Actual Center of Detroit”: Method, Management, and Decentralization in Albert Kahn's General Motors Building, Michael Abrahamson explores the conjunction between these events, arguing that both manifest a struggle with immense size. To cope with the bigness of buildings, corporations, and urban environments, GM and the Kahn firm developed strategies that set the agenda for architectural practice, corporate management, and urban development for the twentieth-century United States. Together, these strategies reveal the entwined forces that influenced the design of the General Motors Building.
Immune landscape of papillary thyroid cancer and immunotherapeutic implications
Authors: Na Kwon Joong , Choi Hongyoon
Published: March 2018

Although papillary thyroid cancer (PTC) is curable with excellent survival rate, patients with dedifferentiated PTC suffer the recurrence or death. As cancer immune escape plays a critical role in cancer progression, we aimed to investigate the relationship between differentiation and immune landscape of PTC and its implications for immunotherapy. Using The Cancer Genome Atlas data, we estimated the immune cell enrichment scores and overall immune infiltration, ImmuneScore, to characterize the immune landscape of PTC. Thyroid differentiation score (TDS) was calculated from 16 thyroid function genes. We demonstrated that ImmuneScore had a significant negative correlation with TDS, and BRAFV600E+ tumors showed significantly low TDS and high ImmuneScore. Enrichment scores of myeloid cells and B-cells were negatively correlated with TDS, while those of plasma cells were positively correlated with TDS. In addition, the association between TDS, ImmuneScore and immunosuppressive markers (CTLA-4, PD-L1, HLA-G) were evaluated according to BRAFV600E status. All immunosuppressive markers expression had a significant negative correlation with TDS, and they were significantly higher in BRAFV600E+ status. Subgroups were divided by median values of TDS and ImmuneScore, and immunosuppressive markers of these subgroups were compared. The immunosuppressive markers expression was the highest in high ImmuneScore and low TDS subgroup. Furthermore, ImmuneScore had a significant association with recurrence-free survival, irrespective of clinicopathologic factors including BRAFV600E status. These findings based on gene expression data illuminate the immune landscape of PTC and its association with TDS, immunosuppressive markers and recurrence. Our results would be extended to investigate immunotherapeutic approaches in PTC.
EN TORNO A ZYGMUNT BAUMAN: RETROTOPÍA. ENSAYO Y REFLEXIONES.
Authors: Leira Landeira Grial
Published: March 2018

En esta obra, Bauman analiza diferentes tendencias de vuelta a etapas pasadas que observa en la sociedad actual, y que, a su juicio, suponen un retroceso en el progreso social. Sin embargo, y conceptualizando la retrotopía como una negación de la negación de la utopía, no analiza las mismas como si estas fuesen irreversibles. De este modo, el objetivo de un mundo mejor continúa siendo algo realizable, aunque las adversidades para conseguir esta meta sean numerosas y difíciles, y muchas de las aspiraciones o utopías hayan sido no solamente paralizadas, sino que muestran una regresión. Así, desde un punto de vista crítico, y con un tono de denuncia respecto a algunas acciones del poder, el autor analiza los factores que han llevado a la humanidad a la situación actual, así como el camino para revertir los pasos atrás que se han producido. Asimismo, destaca como en este mundo globalizado, sin embargo, todavía no se ha constituido una conciencia cosmopolita. Finalmente, Bauman muestra sus dudas respecto a las posibilidades de consecución de una humanidad cosmopolitamente integrada, aunque da a entender que esta meta debe conseguirse para poder asegurar el futuro de los seres humanos, y ve la cultura del diálogo como un factor imprescindible para lograr la integración a nivel global.
Intergenerational Transmission of Parent Encouragement to Diet From Adolescence Into Adulthood
Authors: Berge Jerica M. , Winkler Megan R. , Larson Nicole , Miller Jonathan , Haynos Ann F. , Neumark-Sztainer Dianne
Published: March 2018

BACKGROUND:

Although previous cross-sectional research has revealed potential harmful outcomes associated with parent encouragement to diet, it is unclear whether these effects are long lasting and whether they are transmitted to the next generation. The main aim of the current study was to examine longitudinal associations between exposure to parent encouragement to diet in adolescence and weight-related and emotional health outcomes in adulthood and to examine whether intergenerational transmission of encouragement to diet occurs.

METHODS:

This is a longitudinal, population-based study (ie, Project Eating and Activity in Teens and Young Adults) of socioeconomically and racially and/or ethnically diverse adolescents managed into adulthood and/or parenthood (n = 556; mean age = 31.4; 64.6% female). Surveys and anthropometrics were completed at school by adolescents in 1998–1999 and surveys were completed online in 2015–2016 by young adults.

RESULTS:

Experiencing parent encouragement to diet as an adolescent was significantly associated with a higher risk of overweight or obesity, dieting, binge eating, engaging in unhealthy weight control behaviors, and lower body satisfaction 15 years later as a parent, after adjusting for sociodemographics and baseline measures of the outcomes (P < .05). Additionally, intergenerational transmission of encouragement to diet occurred and resulted in parents being more likely to report other weight-focused communication in the home environment.

CONCLUSIONS:

Exposure to parent encouragement to diet as an adolescent had long-term harmful associations with weight-related and emotional health outcomes in parenthood and was transmitted to the next generation. It may be important for health care providers to educate parents about the potential harmful and long-lasting consequences of engaging in encouragement to diet with their children.
Production of Poly(3-Hydroxybutyrate-Co-3-Hydroxyvalerate) by Marine Archaea Haloferax mediterranei Dsm 1411 with Yeast Extract As Nutrient Source
Authors: Melanie Susiana , Winterburn James
Published: March 2018

In many countries, most of household goods are made from polymer or plastic. The polymer manufacturing industry has been relying on fossil fuel-based raw materials which are non-biodegradable. Plastics derived from these non-biodegradable sources will be difficult to degrade in nature, which in turn will pollute the environment and harm the ecosystem. One way to reduce the ecosystem damages caused by petroleum-based plastic is by using biodegradable materials for plastic industry, such as Polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA). Poly (3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate) or PHBV is an example of PHA that can be produced by several types of microorganism, one of them is marine archaea Haloferax mediterranei. The objective of this study is to determine the productivity of marine archaea H. mediterranei cultures to produce PHBV with yeast extract as main nutrient sources. Experiments and analysis were conducted in triplicate and batch operating system. During the fermentation process, optical density, glucose levels, phosphorus levels, pH, and dry cell weight (DCW) were observed. The final product was then analysed using GC-MS to determine 3HB (3-hydroxybutyrate) and 3HV (3-hydroxyvalerate) fraction composition in the PHBV. The results showed that the maximum specific growth rate (m) and doubling time (Td) of the H. mediterranei were 0.1258 hours-1 and 5.51 hours, respectively. H. mediterranei biomass increased until it reached stationary phase after 95 hours incubation. The PHBV content, dry biomass and yield of PHBV to substrate were 2.62 g/L, 29.1% and 0.27 g/g, respectively.
Continental Philosophy and the Problem with Religion
Authors: Eaghll Tenzan
Published: March 2018

This review essay of the new volume Religion and European Philosophy: Key Thinkers from Kant to Žižek offers a critical analysis of the treatment of "religion" by Continental philosophers. The author points out how Continental philosophers repeatably try to surpass, use, or transform religion to define the proper ends of philosophy, but rarely stop to challenge some of their assumptions about the category. Moreover, the authors suggests that if philosophers and scholars want to correct this problem, they need to proceed with greater sensitivity to the genealogy and history of the concept of religion. What is needed in future work is to make the categorization of religion a central issue. It needs to be shown how philosophers often get caught in the construction and naturalization of a rather Christian or theological notion of religion, and how this is reflected in their historical and cross-cultural analysis of the topic.
Protein S Protects against Podocyte Injury in Diabetic Nephropathy
Authors: Zhong Fang , Chen Haibing , Xie Yifan , Azeloglu Evren U. , Wei Chengguo , Zhang Weijia , Li Zhengzhe , Chuang Peter Y. , Jim Belinda , Li Hong , Elmastour Firas , Riyad Jalish M. , Weber Thomas , Chen Hongyu , Wang Yongjun , Zhang Aihua , Jia Weiping , Lee Kyung , He John C.
Published: March 2018

Background Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is a leading cause of ESRD in the United States, but the molecular mechanisms mediating the early stages of DN are unclear.

Methods To assess global changes that occur in early diabetic kidneys and to identify proteins potentially involved in pathogenic pathways in DN progression, we performed proteomic analysis of diabetic and nondiabetic rat glomeruli. Protein S (PS) among the highly upregulated proteins in the diabetic glomeruli. PS exerts multiple biologic effects through the Tyro3, Axl, and Mer (TAM) receptors. Because increased activation of Axl by the PS homolog Gas6 has been implicated in DN progression, we further examined the role of PS in DN.

Results In human kidneys, glomerular PS expression was elevated in early DN but suppressed in advanced DN. However, plasma PS concentrations did not differ between patients with DN and healthy controls. A prominent increase of PS expression also colocalized with the expression of podocyte markers in early diabetic kidneys. In cultured podocytes, high-glucose treatment elevated PS expression, and PS knockdown further enhanced the high-glucose–induced apoptosis. Conversely, PS overexpression in cultured podocytes dampened the high-glucose– and TNF-α–induced expression of proinflammatory mediators. Tyro3 receptor was upregulated in response to high glucose and mediated the anti-inflammatory response of PS. Podocyte-specific PS loss resulted in accelerated DN in streptozotocin-induced diabetic mice, whereas the transient induction of PS expression in glomerular cells in vivo attenuated albuminuria and podocyte loss in diabetic OVE26 mice.

Conclusions Our results support a protective role of PS against glomerular injury in DN progression.
Literatura austriacka na łamach „Literatury na Świecie”
Authors: HURNIK Elżbieta
Published: March 2018

W artykule przedstawiona została recepcja literatury austriackiej na łamach czasopisma „Literatura na Świecie” od początku jego istnienia (1971). Głównym celem było ukazanie sposobów przybliżania tej literatury polskiemu czytelnikowi. Ze względu na dużą rozpiętość tematu zastosowano ujęcie problemowe, w centrum uwagi znalazły się takie kwestie, jak: reprezentatywność drukowanych utworów (lub ich fragmentów), sylwetki pisarzy austriackich, omówienia utworów, recenzje, działalność przekładowa i związane z nią dyskusje. W świetle tych poczynań można stwierdzić, że pismo przyczyniło się do poszerzenia wiedzy o literaturze austriackiej, jej głównych przedstawicielach (R.M. Rilke, R. Musil, E. Canetti, F. Kafka, G. Trakl, P. Celan, I. Aichinger, E. Jelinek i in.), specyfice, uwarunkowaniach historycznych i kulturowych.
Batowski jako krytyk polskiego przekładu wiersza Friedricha Schillera Die Ideale
Authors: EBERHARTER Markus
Published: March 2018

Punktem wyjścia artykułu jest wypowiedź krytyczna na temat przekładu - napisana przez Aleksandra Batowskiego w roku 1831 na temat polskiego tłumaczenia wiersza Friedricha Schillera Die Ideale autorstwa Jana Nepomucena Kamińskiego. W pierwszej części artykułu pokazano odmienne od dzisiejszego rozumienie przekładu w początkach XIX w., przedstawione zostają także osoby krytyka i tłumacza, postaci dzisiaj zapomniane. Analiza krytyki Batowskiego stara się zrekonstruować motywy oraz podstawy, na których opiera on swoją argumentację. Na tym tle pokazane jest, jak Batowski ocenia przekład Kamińskiego pod kątem jego stylistyki oraz języka. Artykuł ukazuje również sposób recepcji dzieł Schillera w Polsce w XIX w., daje także wgląd w problematykę przekładu i krytyki przekładu w ich wymiarze historycznym.
Interest on Reserves and Arbitrage in Post-Crisis Money Markets
Authors: Macchiavelli Marco , Keating Thomas
Published: March 2018

In this note, we use confidential, daily data on wholesale unsecured borrowing and reserve balances to empirically document several salient features of IOR arbitrage trades.
A Spatial Structure Analysis of the Topological Characteristic Change on Walking tourism: Focused on Seoullo 7017 Project
Authors:   The Tourism Sciences Society Of Korea, Park Su-Ji , Shin Jin-Ok , Jeong Chul
Published: March 2018

This research aims to compare two cases – to demolish or to pedestrianize Seoul Station elevated promenade – and to verify the effectiveness of the result in terms of walking tourism. To achieve this goal, correlations between foot traffic in that area and topological characteristics were verified by applying topological analysis, and then its characteristics were drawn to analyze the influence on Seoul Station in the cases of either demolishing the elevated promenade or pedestrianizing it. The results are as follows. Through the Seoul Station Elevated Promenade Plan, the overall accessibility would be raised, and space-use density or pedestrian density also would be considerably increased. However, the overall topological variances of the western area of Seoul Station would decline, which may lead to lower effectiveness of developing the undeveloped region, which is the target of the Seoul Station 7017 project. In conclusion, even though the east-west connection can be easier due to the plan, unbalanced pedestrian accessibility to the Seoul Station elevated promenade and the surrounding area could be absorbed to larger regions with a considerable amount of foot traffic, thus creating a “straw effect” that makes the western area’s economy worse.
The Effect of a Hotel Loyalty Program on Cognitive, Affective, Conative Loyalty and Action Loyalty Formation
Authors:   The Tourism Sciences Society Of Korea, Kim Jin-Kyung
Published: March 2018

Adapting the four-stage model of loyalty developed by Oliver (1999), this study aims to examine how a hotel loyalty program influences the formation of both attitudinal loyalty, which is progressively developed through cognitive, affective, and conative loyalty, and behavioral loyalty. Cognitive loyalty in a hotel loyalty program is considered to be the customers’ perceived values that consist of convenience, psychological, monetary, and benefit values. An online survey was conducted to Koreans who were members of the loyalty program of a global chain hotel and who had stayed at the hotel in the preceding five years. A total of 322 surveys were used for empirical analysis. The results implied that the psychological and benefit values of the hotel loyalty program positively influenced the formation of affective loyalty, which conveyed membership recognition, and that differentiated benefits were the most important for Koreans. Also, once cognitive loyalty was built, it progressively and positively influenced the formation of affective, conative, and eventually action loyalty, thus showing that the formation of cognitive loyalty is crucial for Koreans. This study is meaningful in that it empirically analyzed how a global chain hotel’s loyalty program contributes to the formation of loyalty through evaluating its effect on each stage.
Identification of Guest Complaint Behavior in the Reservation Department of Luxury Hotels: A Qualitative Approach
Authors:   The Tourism Sciences Society Of Korea, Moon Hee-Won , Han Hee-Sup
Published: March 2018

Competition in the hotel industry is increasingly more intense, leading to customers making more and more unreasonable demands and complaints. Analysis of customer complaint behavior can provide a differentiation strategy for the overheated market by maximizing customer satisfaction and minimizing the number of complaints, This study utilized semi-structured, open-ended questions in interviews with 36 reservation department employees. Via positive analysis, four primary themes emerged: room cost, employees, customer demands, and other. Based on the findings, several suggestions are made to reduce customer complaints including standardized rate parity, consolidated management, better service, more up-to-date websites, and improved internal tasks.
The Gentrification Process of Living Space by Tourism
Authors:   The Tourism Sciences Society Of Korea, Lee Sang-Hoon , Kang Sang-Hoon
Published: March 2018

This study examined the transformation process of living space to tourism space and local residents' attitudes toward the transformation process by applying in-depth interviews as a qualitative research methodology. Findings show that gentrification has hastened the transformation of living space to tourism space. More specifically, four steps were identified: 1) approvement for being a tourism space by local government and community council; 2) changes in the relationships between/among community residents; 3) transfer of community residents' living space by demand; and 4) community decline as a result of gentrification. While previous studies have revealed mandatory transfer by gentrification, this study found that both voluntary transfer to other communities and mandatory transfer within local residents' communities have been happening together. Based on the results, theoretical and practical implications are discussed to advance the current knowledge of gentrification research.
MADEIRA, ENERGIA E GERAÇÃO DE TERMOELETRICIDADE
Authors: Dias Júnior Ananias Francisco , Lana Artur Queiroz , Bernardes Francisco Fernandes , Brito José Otávio
Published: March 2018

Este documento apresenta uma análise da situação da viabilidade do uso da madeira para a geração de energia elétrica. Trata-se de uma abordagem de elementos técnicos e econômicos, acerca do tema, com o intuito de embasar justificativas para o uso da madeira para tal finalidade. Dessa forma, são descritos aspectos da madeira para geração de energia, sua importância e vantagens dentre as fontes renováveis, bem como os custos envolvidos na geração em relação aos demais combustíveis. Contém ainda, levantamentos dos envolvidos no uso da biomassa para geração de termoeletricidade e por fim, faz-se uma menção acerca das perspectivas do setor florestal sobre as concessões de novas licenças para a instalação de novas usinas termoelétricas no país. Foi constatada a existência de um crescente interesse pela inserção da biomassa florestal no contexto da geração de termoeletricidade no Brasil, sendo os incentivos de ordem ambiental e econômico, os principais responsáveis por tal situação.  Há uma forte perspectiva da ocorrência no avanço do setor florestal, sobretudo, no que diz respeito à intensificação do uso de resíduos florestais já disponíveis, bem como no estabelecimento de florestas especificamente destinadas à geração de termoeletricidade. Para os cenários futuros, certamente, irão pesar as decisões de ordem governamental, quando relacionado às políticas de ordem tarifárias ligadas à geração e distribuição de energia elétrica no país.PALAVRAS CHAVE: energia de biomassa; energia elétrica; termoeletricidade. WOOD, ENERGY AND THERMOELECTRICITY GENERATIONABSTRACT: This paper presents an analysis of the viability to generate electricity from wood biomass. It is an approach of technical and economic elements on this subject, in order to justify the use of wood for this purpose. Thus, aspects of wood for energy generation, its importance and advantages, and the costs compared to other fuels are described. This study also contains surveys about the use of wood biomass to generate thermoelectricity and finally, mention the prospects of the forest sector on new license grants for power plants installation in Brazil. There is a growing interest in the inclusion of forest biomass in the context of thermoelectricity generation and the incentives of environmental and economic order are the main responsible for this situation. There is a strong perspective of the event in advance of the forestry sector, especially regarding  the use of forest residues already available and the establishment of forests aiming specifically thermoelectricity generating. For future scenarios, the insertion of wood biomass in the thermoelectricity scene will depend on the governmental policies on generation and distribution of electricity in BrazilKEYWORDS: biomass energy; electricity; thermoelectricity.
ECONOMIC PERFORMANCE OF MOTOR GRADERS IN SUGARCANE (Saccharum spp.) PROCESSING PLANTS
Authors: Santos Neisvaldo Barbosa Dos
Published: March 2018

Brazil is the world's largest producer of sugarcane for mills. They use tractors with various agricultural of equipment in the mechanized operations of periodic soil preparation, planting, cropping and harvesting. Therefore, several studies have proven the economic importance of the cost generated by these machines. However, few studies highlight the performance of a motor grader, which has both functional and economic importance, due to its wide use in the agricultural activities in the mill. The objective of this study was evaluated of the systemic mode, the influence of economic performance variables in the cost and in time useful lifespan of a motor grader in an agricultural operation. In this study, machines with nominal power of 116 kW (158 cv) and 159 kw (216 cv) were utilized. For this study, a computational model called “TerraPlanCana” was developed in electronic spreadsheet and programming language. The results showed that the increase in the useful life in years reduces the fixed annual cost of the machines and when the hours of useful life increase, the hourly cost decreases. The increase of the useful life in year or hour raises the total cost, reducing the gains of the mill.KEYWORDS: Cost, Agricultural mechanization, Computer model, Income, Fleet renewal.DESEMPENHO ECONÔMICO DE MOTONIVELADORAS EM USINA DE CANA-DE-AÇÚCAR (Saccharum spp.)Resumo: O Brasil é o maior produtor mundial de cana-de-açúcar para as usinas. Estas utilizam tratores com diversos equipamentos agrícolas, nas operações mecanizadas de preparo periódico do solo, plantio, tratos culturais e colheita. Devido a isso, diversos estudos tem comprovado a importância econômica do custo gerado por estas máquinas. Entretanto, existe a motoniveladora, que tem importância funcional e econômica, devido sua ampla utilização nas atividades agrícolas das usinas e poucos estudos destacam seu desempenho. O objetivo do trabalho foi avaliar de modo sistêmico, a influência das variáveis de desempenho econômico no custo e no tempo de vida útil da motoniveladora em operação agrícola. No trabalho foram consideradas máquinas com potência nominal de 116 Kw (158 cv) e de 159 Kw (216 cv). Para o trabalho foi desenvolvido um modelo computacional, denominado “TerraPlanCana”, em planilha eletrônica e em linguagem de programação. Os resultados evidenciaram que o aumento da vida útil em anos reduz o custo fixo anual das máquinas e quando crescem as horas de vida útil o custo horário diminui. O crescimento da vida útil em ano ou em hora eleva o custo total, diminuindo os ganhos da usina.PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Custo, Mecanização Agrícola, Modelo computacional, Renda, Renovação de frota.
ANÁLISE DA INFLUÊNCIA DOS PREÇOS DO SETOR SUCROENERGÉTICO NA ÁREA DE CANA-DE-AÇÚCAR NO ESTADO DE SÃO PAULO
Authors: Santos Jaqueline Zani dos , Esperancini Maura Seiko Tsutsui , Masi Eduardo De , Carvalho Leidiane Coelho
Published: March 2018

- O trabalho objetivou identificar se há influência dos preços do açúcar, do etanol e da própria cana-de-açúcar na área plantada de cana-de-açúcar no estado de São Paulo, no período de 1995 a 2015. Adotou-se a metodologia proposta por Box-Jenkins de Função Transferência, que se constitui num método multivariado de séries temporais e que apresenta vantagens em relação aos métodos tradicionais de estimação. Os resultados demonstraram que os preços influenciaram o aumento na área de cana-de-açúcar, em especial, o preço do açúcar. Foi evidenciado também a existência de bidirecionalidade de efeito, com a área afetando os preços, e estes influenciando a área. Concluindo o estudo, foram feitas análises de intervenções para os principais eventos ocorridos no mercado sucroenergético para os anos em estudo, onde apenas a área de cana-de-açúcar se mostrou significativa, sendo influenciada por tais intervenções.PALAVRAS - CHAVE: Mercado sucroenergético, Desregulamentação, Função Transferência.INFLUENCE OF SUGAR-ENERGY SECTOR PRICES ON THE AREA OF SUGAR CANE IN SÃO PAULO STATEABSTRACT - The objective of this study was to identify whether there was an influence of sugar, ethanol, and sugarcane prices on sugarcane planted area in Sao Paulo state, from 1995 to 2015. The methodology used was the one proposed by Box-Jenkins, Transfer Function, which is a multivariate time series method and has advantages over traditional methods of estimation. The results showed that all prices have influenced the increase in sugarcane area, in particular, the sugar’s price. There was verified the existence of two-way effects, in which, the area affected the prices and these influenced the area. To conclude the study, analyzes of interventions were carried out for the main occurred events in sugar-energy market in the years under study. From this analysis, only the sugarcane area was significant, being influenced by the interventions.KEYWORDS: Sugar and energy market, deregulation, Transfer Function.