bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Interaction Study of 2,6‐Bis[4‐(4‐amino‐2‐trifluoromethyl phenoxy)benzoyl] Pyridine with Human Immunoglobulin by Optical Spectroscopy and Molecular Modeling
Authors: HE Wenying , ZHANG Qiongmei , GAO Wenhua , DONG Yuming , YAO Xiaojun
Published: March 2009

The interaction between human immunoglobulin (HIgG) and BAFP (2,6‐bis[4‐(4‐amino‐2‐trifluoromethyl phenoxy)benzoyl] pyridine was studied by fluorescence quenching, Fourier transform infrared (FT‐IR) spectra and molecule modeling. The synchronous fluorescence spectra indicated the information on qualitative changes of the protein secondary structure in the presence of BAFP in aqueous solution. The quantitative alterations of the protein secondary structure were estimated by the evidences from FT‐IR spectra with increases of α helices by about 2.6%–10.2%, increases of β‐sheet structure by about 13.6%–27.7%, and reductions of β‐turn structure by about 23.8%–30.3%. Molecular docking suggests that BAFP can strongly bind to HIgG. There are four hydrogen bond interactions between the drug and the residues Trp 170, Val 105, Met 139 and Asn 52. It was also considered that BAFP bound to HIgG mainly by a hydrophobic interaction, which is in good agreement with the results from the experimental thermodynamic parameters (the enthalpy change ΔH⊖ and the entropy change ΔS⊖ were calculated to be −6.70 kJ·mol−1 and 71.93 J·mol−1·K−1, respectively, according to the Van't Hoff equation).
Iterative Non‐m/z‐sharing Rule for Confident and Sensitive Protein Identification of Non‐shotgun Proteomics
Authors: YUN Dong , LU Haojie , WANG Haijian , ZHANG Yang , CHENG Gang , JIN Hong , YU Yanbao , XU Yawei , YANG Pengyuan , HE Fuchu
Published: March 2009

Selecting reasonable matches from the database search results is crucial to mass spectrometry‐based proteomics identification. However, the current score‐based filter solution and decoy database methods are not effective enough to prevent all false positive and false negative selections. In this study, a systematic search strategy named iterative non‐m/z‐sharing (INMZS) analysis was proposed to address the problem. In the strategy, all search results were screened based on the share status of corresponding matched m/z, only the proteins that matched with exclusive m/z information were reserved for the confident matches. The researchers did further iterative search to improve the identification of minor components in a spot. Finally, identifications were confirmed by decoy database evaluation for the final phase of protein identification. Simulation and application tests of INMZS were implemented on a large human liver data set and standard protein cocktails. The result shows that INMZS plus decoy database evaluation is efficient in ensuring the confidence and sensitivity of 2‐DE or similar non‐shotgun based proteome identification.
Determination of Trace Protein by Methylene Blue‐Tetraphenylborate Fluorescence Probe Using Polyethylene Glycol as Sensitizer
Authors: LIU Jiaming , LI Zhiming , HUANG Xiaomei , ZENG Liqing , CHEN Xiaohua , SONG Dongqin , ZHENG Zhenzhen
Published: March 2009

An ionic association complex of methylene blue‐tetraphenylborate ([MB]+·[B(C6H5)4]−) can emit a strong and stable fluorescence in KH2PO4‐Na2HPO4 buffer solution. In the presence of bovine serum albumin (BSA), the fluorescence signal of [MB]+·[B(C6H5)4]− can be sharply quenched, which can be further quenched by using polyethylene glycol (PEG) as a sensitizer where the ΔF (ΔF=F0−F, F0 and F are the fluorescence intensities of the blank reagent and the test solution, respectively) of the system with PEG is 9.1 times higher than that without PEG, showing PEG has strong sensitizing effect on the quenching of a fluorescence signal. And there is a good linear correlation between ΔF and the content of BSA. Thus, a new fluorescence probe for the determination of trace protein has been established, with the linear range of 0.11–88.0 pg·L−1 and the detection limit of 22.0 ag·mL−1 BSA. This sensitive method has been applied to the determination of protein in human serum samples with satisfactory results. And the reaction mechanism was also discussed. Under the same condition, the new method can be used to determie not only BSA, human serum albumin (HAS), ovalbumin (OVA) and γ‐globulin (γ‐G), respectively, but also the total protein in serum, brain and spinal cord.
Iodine Supported on 3‐Aminopropyl Silica Gel as Efficient Catalyst for Acetylation of Alcohols under Solvent‐free Conditions
Authors: MAHDAVI Hossein , GHAEMY Mosa , ZERAATPISHEH Fatemeh
Published: March 2009

3‐Aminopropyl silica gel (I2/APSG) was found to catalyze the acetylation of alcohols and phenols efficiently with acetic anhydride. The reaction is mild and selective with high yields. A wide variety of alcohols and phenols are selectively converted into the corresponding acetates using I2/APSG under solvent‐free conditions at room temperature.
Microwave‐Assisted Chemical Functionalization of Single‐Walled Carbon Nanotubes with Organic Peroxides
Authors: WAN Li , WANG Xianbao , LI Shaoqing , LI Qin , TIAN Rong , LI Mingjian , CHENG Jing
Published: March 2009

Microwave‐assisted chemical functionalization of single‐walled carbon nanotubes, with undecyl groups decomposed from lauroyl peroxides was reported. This rapid efficient procedure reduced the reaction time to 10 min, and obtained the products with higher functionalized degree than that by the conventional refluxing method. The influence of different reaction time and microwave power on the functionalized degree has been explored by using FT‐IR, TGA and Raman analyses. The results show that longer treatment time will lead to partial defunctionalization, and higher microwave power (higher than 900 W) can reduce the functionalized degree by removing some initially‐attached functional groups. Dispersion stability images and HRTEM images show that the resulting SWNT has enhanced dispersivity in organic solvents compared to the pristine nanotubes.
Facile Method for the Synthesis of Combinatorial Libraries of Benzimidazole, Benzothiazole, Benzoxazole, Perimidine and Quinazolinone
Authors: HERAVI Majid. M. , BAGHERNEJAD Bita , OSKOOIE Hossein A
Published: March 2009

A highly yielding and fast method for the synthesis of heterocyclic compounds with trialkyl orthoformate using molecular sieve 3? as a catalyst is described.
Transformation of Oximes and Alcohols to Carbonyl Compounds Using Amberlite IRA‐400 Supported Chromic Acid in the Presence of Zirconium Tetrachloride
Authors: BAHRAMI Kiumars , KHODAEI Mohammad‐Mehdi , GORGIN‐KARAJI Usef
Published: March 2009

A wide variety of oximes and alcohols were efficiently converted to their corresponding aldehydes and ketones in good to excellent yields using amberlite IRA‐400 supported chromic acid in the presence of zirconium tetrachloride in refluxing acetonitrile‐H2O. Selective oxidation of oximes and alcohols in the presence of other functional groups such as acetal, hydrazone, aldehyde, ether and alkene can be considered as a noteworthy advantage of this method. A wide variety of oximes and alcohols were efficiently converted to their corresponding aldehydes and ketones in good to excellent yields using amberlite IRA‐400 supported chromic acid in the presence of zirconium tetrachloride in refluxing acetonitrile‐H2O. Selective oxidation of oximes and alcohols in the presence of other functional groups such as acetal, hydrazone, aldehyde, ether and alkene can be considered as a noteworthy advantage of this method.
Aza‐Michael Addition of Isatin and Phthalimide to Symmetrical Fumaric Esters in Ionic Liquid Media
Authors: IMANZADEH Gholam Hassan , MOLLAEI TAVANA Mahdieh , ZAMANLOO Mohammad Reza , MANSOORI Yagoub
Published: March 2009

Highly efficient aza‐Michael additions of isatin and phthalimide to symmetrical fumaric esters in ionic liquid media to produce the corresponding Michael adducts in excellent yields are described which were performed at 100 °C for 1–5 h. The results show that these aza‐Michael additions are not effective with fumaric esters containing sterically hindered alkoxy groups.
Synthesis and Preliminary Anti‐leukemia Activity of N‐(Substituted Benzyl)‐4‐hydroxy‐4‐substituted Piperidine Derivatives
Authors: FANG Zhikun , XUE Sijia , CHEN Long , XU Yang , YIN Anqin , LI Chunyan
Published: March 2009

In order to find some lead compounds with high inhibition against leukemia, twelve unreported compounds 6a–6l have been synthesized with substituted benzylamines as raw materials via a series of Michael addition, Dieckmann condensation, hydrolysis decarboxylation and reactions with Grignard reagent. Complete assignments have been achieved for the title compounds by 1H NMR, IR, MS and elemental analysis. The preliminary anti‐tumor activity tests indicate that the title compounds have good effect on the cellular growth inhibition against K562 cells and have potential anti‐leukemia bioactivity.
Synthesis of Dinaphtho‐dioxaphosphepin‐4‐oxides, Epoxides and Bisphosphonates
Authors: KASTHURIAH Maddali , UMA RAVI SANKAR Arigala , SIVA KUMAR Bitragunta , SURESH REDDY Cirandur , NAGA RAJU Chamarthi
Published: March 2009

A few new seven‐membered phosphorus heterocyclic compounds and bis‐phosphonates (5a–5g, 5f′, 5g′, 9 and 10) were prepared by the reaction of 4‐bromo dioxaphosphepin (2) with various Grignard reagents followed by their oxidation with H2O2. All the compounds were thoroughly characterized by elemental analysis, IR, 1H, 13C, 31P NMR and mass spectral data. Their antimicrobial activity was evaluated and some of them possess significant activity.
Cu(I)‐catalyzed Synthesis of Diaryl Ether Using a Simple Hydrazone as Promoter
Authors: LIU Yuhua , LI Gang , YANG Lianming
Published: March 2009

A simple hydrazone‐type ligand, 2‐pyridinecarboxaldehyde phenylhydrazone 1, was found to significantly promote the Cu(I)‐catalyzed coupling reaction between aryl bromides and phenols. This cross‐coupling reaction occurred in dioxane in 90–100 °C in the presence of K3PO4 as base, with a broader substrate scope including electron‐poor, ‐neutral or ‐rich aryl bromides as well as a high tolerance of base‐sensitive functionalities such as ester, aldehyde and ketone.
Improved Preparation of Tyramine by Curtius Rearrangement
Authors: LI Yun , YANG Fan , XU Xiaoying , PAN Shiyin , WANG Lixin , XIA Chuanqin
Published: March 2009

An improved and facile preparation of tyramine [2‐(p‐hydroxyphenyl)ethylamine] was described, which starts from phenol and acrylonitrile to form β‐(p‐hydroxyphenyl) propionic acid via Friedel‐Craft's alkylation and nitrile hydrolysis. After hydrazinolysis and a subsequent Curtius rearrangement, tyramine was obtained in 30.2% total yield.
Eph/ephrin gradients in the retinotectal system of Rana pipiens: Developmental and adult expression patterns
Authors: Scalia Frank , Currie Julia R. , Feldheim David A.
Published: March 2009

Eph/ephrin‐receptor/ligand A and B families play a variety of roles during CNS development, including patterning the retinotectal projection. However, the alignment of their expression gradients with developing retinotectal maps and gradients of cellular development is not well understood in species whose midbrain tecta undergo a protracted anterior to posterior development. By using anatomical tracing methods and 3H‐thymidine neuronography, we have mapped the retinotectal projection and the spatiotemporal progression of tectal cellular development onto Eph/ephrin expression patterns in the tectum of larval Rana pipiens, as studied by means of in situ affinity analysis with fusion proteins. EphA expression is maximal in anterior tectum (and temporal retina); ephrin‐A expression is maximal at the posterior pole (and nasal retina). EphB expression is graded in the early larva, where it is maximal in the posterior tectum just anterior to the posterior pole (and in the ventral retina). Tectal EphB expression becomes uniform at later stages and remains so in the adult, although its retinal expression remains maximal ventrally. In the early larva, EphA, EphB, and ephrin‐A protein gradients are parallel to each other and align with the temporonasal axis of the retinal projection. The early EphB expression maximum overlaps the boundary between the mantle layer of newly postmitotic cells and the posterior, epithelial region of cell proliferation, suggesting that the expression maximum is associated with the initial migrations of the postmitotic cells. Ephrin‐B expression was detected in the olfactory bulb and dorsal retina at all ages, but not in the tectum. J. Comp. Neurol. 514:30–48, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Gamma‐aminobutyric acid (GABA)‐mediated neural connections in the Drosophila antennal lobe
Authors: Okada Ryuichi , Awasaki Takeshi , Ito Kei
Published: March 2009

Inhibitory synaptic connections mediated by γ‐aminobutyric acid (GABA) play important roles in the neural computation of the brain. To obtain a detailed overview of the neural connections mediated by GABA signals, we analyzed the distribution of the cells that produce and receive GABA in the Drosophila adult brain. Relatively small numbers of the cells, which form clusters in several areas of the brain, express the GABA synthesis enzyme Gad1. On the other hand, many cells scattered across the brain express ionotropic GABAA receptor subunits (Lcch3 and Rdl) and metabotropic GABAB receptor subtypes (GABA‐B‐R1, ‐2, and ‐3). To analyze the expression of these genes in distinct identified cell types, we focused on the antennal lobe, where GABAergic neurons play important roles in odor coding. By combining fluorescent in situ hybridization and immunolabeling against GFP expressed with cell‐type‐specific GAL4 driver strains, we quantified the percentage of the cells that produce or receive GABA for each cell type. GABA was synthesized in the middle antennocerebral tract (mACT) projection neurons and two types of local neurons. Among them, mACT neurons had few presynaptic sites in the antennal lobe, making the local neurons essentially the sole provider of GABA signals there. On the other hand, not only these local neurons but also all types of projection neurons expressed both ionotropic and metabotropic GABA receptors. Thus, even though inhibitory signals are released from only a few, specific types of local neurons, the signals are read by most of the neurons in the antennal lobe neural circuitry. J. Comp. Neurol. 514:74–91, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Raldh3 gene expression pattern in the developing chicken inner ear
Authors: Sánchez‐Guardado Luis Óscar , Ferran José Luis , Mijares José , Puelles Luis , Rodríguez‐Gallardo Lucía , Hidalgo‐Sánchez Matías
Published: March 2009

Retinoic acid (RA), an active metabolite of vitamin A, is a diffusible molecule that regulates the expression of several families of genes, playing a key role in specification processes during chordate development. With the aim of defining its possible role in the developing chick inner ear, we obtained in this work a detailed spatiotemporal distribution of the enzymes involved in its synthesis, the retinaldehyde dehydrogenases (RALH1–4). Our results showed that, in contrast to the mouse inner ear, Raldh3 expression was the only Raldh gene detected in the developing chick inner ear, where it appears as early as stage 18. During inner ear morphogenesis, Raldh3 expression was predominantly observed in the endolymphatic system. The Raldh3 expression pattern delimited totally or partially the Bmp4‐positive presumptive territories of vestibular sensory epithelia by stage 24 and the basilar papilla at stage 34, suggesting a possible involvement of RA in their specification. In addition, several vestibular sensory areas showed some Raldh3‐expressing cells close to the Raldh3‐positive domain. These results suggest that the RA signaling pathway may play a role in the initial patterning of the otic epithelium and cell differentiation therein, providing local positional information. Having in mind this Raldh3 expression pattern, we discuss the regulatory interactions among the RA, bone morphogenetic protein, and fibroblast growth factor signaling pathways in the specification of otic sensory elements. Our investigation may underpin further experimental studies aimed at understanding the possible role of signaling pathways in patterning of the developing chick inner ear. J. Comp. Neurol. 514:49–65, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Number and distribution of neurons in the retinal ganglion cell layer in relation to foraging behaviors of tyrant flycatchers
Authors: Coimbra João Paulo , Trévia Nonata , Videira Marceliano Maria Luiza , da Silveira Andrade‐Da‐Costa Belmira Lara , Picanço‐Diniz Cristovam Wanderley , Yamada Elizabeth Sumi
Published: March 2009

The tyrant flycatchers represent a monophyletic radiation of predominantly insectivorous passerine birds that exhibit a plethora of stereotyped prey capture techniques. However, little is known about their retinal organization. Using retinal wholemounts, we estimated the total number and topography of neurons in the ganglion cell layer in the generalist yellow‐bellied elaenia (Elaenia flavogaster) and the up‐hover‐gleaner mouse‐colored tyrannulet (Phaeomyias murina) with the optical fractionator method. The mean estimated total number of neurons in the ganglion cell layer was 4,152,416 ± 189,310 in E. flavogaster and 2,965,132 ± 354,359 in P. murina. Topographic maps of isocounting lines revealed a similar distribution for both species: a central fovea and a temporal area surrounded by a poorly defined horizontal streak. In addition, both species had increased numbers of giant ganglion cells in the dorsotemporal retina forming an area giganto cellularis. In E. flavogaster, these giant ganglion cells were also distributed across the nasal and ventral retinal peripheries, which is in agreement with the generalist habits of this species. However, in P. murina these cells were rarely seen along the nasal and ventral peripheries, possibly reflecting a lesser need to perceive movement because this species captures stationary insects resting on foliage. Thus, we suggest that the retinas of the tyrant flycatchers in the present study show a general common pattern of neuron distribution in the ganglion cell layer irrespective of their foraging habits. We also suggest that the distribution of giant ganglion cells is indicative of the visual requirements of the species. J. Comp. Neurol. 514:66–73, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Painlevé II asymptotics near the leading edge of the oscillatory zone for the Korteweg—de Vries equation in the small‐dispersion limit
Authors: Claeys Tom , Grava Tamara
Published: March 2009

In the small‐dispersion limit, solutions to the Korteweg—de Vries equation develop an interval of fast oscillations after a certain time. We obtain a universal asymptotic expansion for the Korteweg—de Vries solution near the leading edge of the oscillatory zone up to second‐order corrections. This expansion involves the Hastings‐McLeod solution of the Painlevé II equation. We prove our results using the Riemann‐Hilbert approach. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Mucinous breast carcinoma with myoepithelial‐like spindle cells
Authors: Miyake Yasuyuki , Hirokawa Mitsuyoshi , Norimatsu Yoshiaki , Kanahara Takuo , Monobe Yasumasa , Ohno Setsuyo , Miyamoto Tomoyuki , Yakushiji Hiromasa , Sakaguchi Takuya , Aratake Yatsuki , Ohno Eiji
Published: March 2009

Appearance of spindle cells has been believed as a benign index of breast cytology. But, we have frequently observed the spindle cells in smears from mucinous carcinoma of the breast. Here, we characterized the biochemical nature of the spindle cells, so as to clarify their identity in cytology. Nineteen cases of breast mucinous carcinoma were used for cytological examination. The spindle cells were located at edges of tumor cell nests and in the backgrounds of cytological specimens. Immunohistological examination revealed that the spindle cells exhibited both immunoreactivity against carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) and epithelial membrane antigen (EMA). Immunoreactivity against vimentin, cytokeratin, or alpha‐smooth muscle actin was, however, not observed. The mode of distribution of biochemical markers suggests that the positive cells for anti‐CEA antibody and anti‐EMA antibody are tumor cells compressed by mucin, while the vimentin‐positive cells are fibroblasts. We assert that the presence of spindle cells can be a characteristic feature of mucinous carcinoma of the breast. Discrimination of the spindle cells in mucinous carcinoma from myoepithelial cells and naked bipolar nuclei in benign lesions was established here. It should facilitate precise diagnosis of breast cancer. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Nipple preference and contests in suckling kittens of the domestic cat are unrelated to presumed nipple quality
Authors: Hudson Robyn , Raihani Gina , González Daniel , Bautista Amando , Distel Hans
Published: March 2009

We studied the development of suckling behavior and weight gain in 11 litters (52 kittens) of free‐ranging domestic cats until postnatal day 28 just before the start of weaning. In six of these litters, we also recorded milk intake and contests for access to nipples. Already within 12 hr of birth kittens showed a preference for posterior nipples, and by postnatal day 3 each had developed a preference for particular nipples. In fact, 86% of kittens used one particular nipple most often, and even when the mother changed the side she lay on to nurse. Contests for access to nipples occurred throughout the study period at an average rate of one to two contests per kitten per hour of nursing. Contrary to suggestions in the literature that kittens compete for more productive nipples, we found no relation between kittens' use of particular nipples and their weight gain, milk intake, or involvement in contests during suckling. We suggest that kittens' preference for posterior nipples as well as their establishment of an individual “teat order” might function to optimize the number of nipples remaining productive across lactation, and to reduce energetically costly scrambles and potentially injurious contests among littermates. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Dev. Psychobiol 51: 322–332, 2009.
Psychometric properties of the clinical impairment assessment: Norms for young adult women
Authors: Reas Deborah L. , Rø Øyvind , Kapstad Hilde , Lask Bryan
Published: March 2009

Objective:

This study aimed to investigate the initial psychometric properties and to establish norms for the Clinical Impairment Assessment (CIA v. 3.0) among a nonclinical sample of young adult women.

Method:

The CIA is a brief, 16‐item self‐report measure designed to assess psychosocial impairment due to eating disorder features over the past 28 days. We administered the CIA and the Eating Disorder Examination‐Questionnaire (EDE‐Q v. 6.0) to 438 university women (mean age = 25 years).

Results:

Participants' mean global CIA score was 6.4 (SD = 7.5; range 0–40). Acceptable levels of internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha = 0.94) and 1‐week test‐retest reliability were observed. Significant correlations were found between the CIA and the EDE‐Q total and subscale scores (Spearman rhos = 0.58–0.79), indicating that greater levels of impairment were associated with higher levels of eating disorder psychopathology.

Discussion:

Results demonstrated satisfactory psychometric properties of the CIA among a sample of young adult women, suggesting the utility of the CIA to measure impairment due to eating disorder features in nonclinical samples. © 2009 by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Eat Disord 2010
Citicoline affects appetite and cortico‐limbic responses to images of high‐calorie foods
Authors: Killgore William D.S. , Ross Amy J. , Kamiya Toshikazu , Kawada Yoko , Renshaw Perry F. , Yurgelun‐Todd Deborah A.
Published: March 2009

Objective:

Cytidine‐5′‐diphosphocholine (citicoline) has a variety of cognitive enhancing, neuroprotective, and neuroregenerative properties. In cocaine‐addicted individuals, citicoline has been shown to increase brain dopamine levels and reduce cravings. The effects of this compound on appetite, food cravings, and brain responses to food are unknown.

Method:

We compared the effects of treatment with Cognizin® citicoline (500 mg/day versus 2,000 mg/day) for 6 weeks on changes in appetite ratings, weight, and cortico‐limbic responses to images of high‐calorie foods using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI).

Results:

After 6 weeks, there was no significant change in weight status, although significant declines in appetite ratings were observed for the 2,000 mg/day group. The higher dose group also showed significant increases in functional brain responses to food stimuli within the amygdala, insula, and lateral orbitofrontal cortex. Increased activation in these regions correlated with declines in appetite ratings.

Discussion:

These preliminary findings suggest a potential usefulness of citicoline in modulating appetite, but further research is warranted. © 2009 by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Eat Disord 2010
Body dissatisfaction and attentional bias to thin bodies
Authors: Glauert Rebecca , Rhodes Gillian , Fink Bernhard , Grammer Karl
Published: March 2009

Objective:

Evidence for attentional biases to weight‐ and shape‐related information in women with eating concerns is inconclusive.

Method:

We investigated whether body dissatisfaction is associated with an attentional bias toward thin bodies using a modified dot probe task.

Results:

In three studies, we found that undergraduate females were faster to discriminate the direction of an arrow cue when it appeared in the location previously occupied by a thin than a fat body. This attentional bias toward thin bodies was found using extreme stimuli (thin and fat bodies) presented for 500 ms (Experiment 1), extreme stimuli presented for 150 ms (Experiment 2), and less extreme stimuli that were equated for perceived extremity, presented for 150 ms (Experiment 3). When the stimuli were equated on perceptual extremity, the more dissatisfied a woman was with her body, and the larger her own BMI, the less of an attentional bias she showed toward thin bodies.

Discussion:

Our results indicate that women have an attentional bias to thin bodies, which appears to be automatic. Contrary to prediction, this bias was weaker in women with greater BMI and body dissatisfaction. This result offers no support for the view that selective attention to thin bodies is causally related to body dissatisfaction. © 2009 by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Eat Disord 2010
Substance use disorders in women with anorexia nervosa
Authors: Root Tammy L. , Pinheiro Andréa Poyastro , Thornton Laura , Strober Michael , Fernandez‐Aranda Fernando , Brandt Harry , Crawford Steve , Fichter Manfred M. , Halmi Katherine A. , Johnson Craig , Kaplan Allan S. , Klump Kelly L. , La Via Maria , Mitchell James , Woodside D. Blake , Rotondo Alessandro , Berrettini Wade H. , Kaye Walter H. , Bulik Cynthia M.
Published: March 2009

Objective:

We examined prevalence of substance use disorders (SUD) in women with: (1) anorexia nervosa (AN) restricting type (RAN); (2) AN with purging only (PAN); (3) AN with binge eating only (BAN); and (4) lifetime AN and bulimia nervosa (ANBN). Secondary analyses examined SUD related to lifetime purging behavior and lifetime binge eating.

Method:

Participants (N= 731) were drawn from the International Price Foundation Genetic Studies.

Results:

The prevalence of SUD differed across AN subtypes, with more in the ANBN group reporting SUD than those in the RAN and PAN groups. Individuals who purged were more likely to report substance use than those who did not purge. Prevalence of SUD differed across lifetime binge eating status.

Discussion:

SUD are common in AN and are associated with bulimic symptomatology. Results underscore the heterogeneity in AN, highlighting the importance of screening for SUD across AN subtypes. © 2009 by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Eat Disord 2010
Sexual functioning in women with eating disorders
Authors: Pinheiro Andréa Poyastro , Raney T.J. , Thornton Laura M. , Fichter Manfred M. , Berrettini Wade H. , Goldman David , Halmi Katherine A. , Kaplan Allan S. , Strober Michael , Treasure Janet , Woodside D. Blake , Kaye Walter H. , Bulik Cynthia M.
Published: March 2009

Objective:

To describe sexual functioning in women with eating disorders.

Method:

We assessed physical intimacy, libido, sexual anxiety, partner status, and sexual relationships in 242 women from the International Price Foundation Genetic Studies relative to normative data.

Results:

Intercourse (55.3%), having a partner (52.7%), decreased sexual desire (66.9%), and increased sexual anxiety (59.2%) were common. Women with restricting and purging anorexia nervosa had a higher prevalence of loss of libido than women with bulimia nervosa and eating disorder not otherwise specified (75%, 74.6%, 39%, and 45.4%, respectively). Absence of sexual relationships was associated with lower minimum lifetime body mass index (BMI) and earlier age of onset; loss of libido with lower lifetime BMI, higher interoceptive awareness and trait anxiety; and sexual anxiety with lower lifetime BMI, higher harm avoidance and ineffectiveness. Sexual dysfunction in eating disorders was higher than in the normative sample.

Discussion:

Sexual dysfunction is common across eating disorders subtypes. Low BMI is associated with loss of libido, sexual anxiety, and avoidance of sexual relationships. © 2009 by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Eat Disord 2010
Application of the Octacarbonyldicobalt‐Catalyzed Carbonylation of Ethyl Diazoacetate for the One‐Pot Synthesis of N‐tert‐Butyl‐trans‐α‐ethoxycarbonyl‐β‐phenyl‐β‐lactam
Authors: Fördős Eszter , Tuba Róbert , Párkányi László , Kégl Tamás , Ungváry Ferenc
Published: March 2009

N‐tert‐Butyl‐trans‐α‐ethoxycarbonyl‐β‐phenyl‐β‐lactam has been prepared in 95 % yield (GC) by the octacarbonyldicobalt‐catalyzed carbonylation of ethyl diazoacetate in dichloromethane in the presence of N‐tert‐butylbenzaldimine at 10 °C and 75 bar pressure of carbon monoxide. The key step of the reaction is the catalytic formation of the highly reactive (ethoxycarbonyl)ketene from both of the intermediary complexes [Co2(CO)7(CHCO2Et)] and [Co2(CO)6(CHCO2Et)2], which is in situ scavenged by the imine in a [2+2] cycloaddition reaction. DFT (PBEPBE/6‐31G**) calculations revealed that the reaction follows a two‐step mechanism via a noncyclic intermediate with a reaction free energy of –15.9 kcal/mol and a free‐energy barrier of 24.7 kcal/mol for the second rate‐limiting step. The computation also shows that the formation of the trans isomer is preferred both kinetically and thermodynamically. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2009)
Fe(CN)64−‐Doped‐Glutaraldehyde‐Cross‐Linked Poly‐L‐Lysine Film Electrode. Part 2: Stability Improvement and Selective Detection of Dopamine in the Presence of Ascorbic Acid
Authors: Thangamuthu R. , Wu Yu‐Ching , Chen Shen‐Ming
Published: March 2009

Highly stable Nafion‐covered hexacyanoferrate‐doped‐glutaraldehyde‐cross‐linked poly‐L‐lysine (PLL‐GA‐Fe(CN)64−/Naf) film modified glassy carbon electrode (GCE), for the selective detection of dopamine (DA) in the presence of ascorbic acid (AA), was prepared by first ion‐exchanging Fe(CN)64− into PLL‐GA coating on GCE then sealing it with a Nafion outer layer. The Nafion over layer is crucial in preventing leaching of Fe(CN)64− ions from the inner layer. The first layer was acting as electrocatalyst for DA oxidation and the outer coating acted as discriminating layer for selective permeation of DA in the presence of interfering anionic species. More than 90% of the initial response was retained after coating with the Nafion protecting layer compared to a huge loss (>60%) without Nafion outer layer. 5% Nafion coating was identified as optimum thickness for the selective detection of DA in the presence of AA.
Efficient Synthesis of a New Podand and Application as a Suitable Carrier for Silver Ion‐Selective Electrode
Authors: Mashhadizadeh Mohammad Hossein , Shockravi Abbas , Khoubi Zakiyeh , Heidarian Davood
Published: March 2009

A new podand of 1,1′‐thia‐bis‐[1‐(chloroethan‐2‐acetamid‐α‐oxy)] naphtol was synthesized and used as a suitable carrier for Ag+ PVC membrane electrode. The electrode exhibited linear response with a Nernstian slope of (59.5±0.8 mV/decade) within a wide concentration range of 1.0×10−7 to 1.5×10−2 mol L−1 silver ions. The electrode had a fast response time of <10 s and detection limit of 8.6×10−8 mol L−1 with a working pH range from 3.7 to 9.0. The electrode was highly selective for Ag(I) ions over a large number of cations such as alkali, alkaline earth, and heavy metal ions. The proposed sensor has been applied as an indicator electrode for indirect determination of vitamin B1 in tablets by determination of Cl− ions in this compound with a standard solution of Ag(NO3).
Evaluation of Peakmaster for computer‐aided multivariate optimisation of a CE separation of 17 antipsychotic drugs using minimal experimental data
Authors: Johns Kara F. , Breadmore Michael C. , Bruno Raimondo , Haddad Paul R.
Published: March 2009

The computer‐assisted development of a CE method for compliance monitoring of a group of 17 antipsychotic drugs (chlorpromazine hydrochloride, clozapine, droperidol, flupenthixol dihydrochloride, fluphenazine dihydrochloride, haloperidol, pimozide, thioridazine hydrochloride, trifluoperazine dihydrochloride, prochlorperazine dimaleate, amisulpride, aripiprazole, olanzapine, quetiapine fumarate, risperidone, ziprasidone, and zuclopenthixol dihydrochloride) was performed. Peakmaster, a free simulation program for CE, was employed in a multivariate optimisation approach to determine suitable BGE conditions with minimal experimentation. However, analyte input parameters (pKaand limiting ionic mobility) were not included within the software and required determination. Limiting ionic mobility was determined experimentally, while pKavalues were calculated using ACD Labs™ software. A modified chromatographic response factor, which identified the BGE providing the greatest resolution between each pair of peaks within 10 min, was used and determined a pH 2.5 and an ionic strength of 50 mM as optimal. Marked disparities were apparent between experimentally determined and computer‐simulated results, due to error associated with pKavalues calculated using ACD Labs™. These results confirm that Peakmaster analyses are highly sensitive to pKavalues, especially where the pH of the BGE is in the proximity of the analyte pKa; but also that Peakmaster does allows a rational approach to dramatically reduce the amount of experimental work required for multivariate optimisation of conditions for CE.
Colloidal particle deposition from electrokinetic flow in a microfluidic channel
Authors: Unni Harikrishnan Narayanan , Yang Chun
Published: March 2009

This study reports a theoretical and experimental study on the irreversible deposition of colloidal particles from electrokinetic microfluidic flow. The electrokinetic particle transport model presented in this study is based on the stochastic Langevin equation, incorporating the electrical, hydrodynamic, Derjaguin–‐Landau–Verwey–Overbeek colloidal interactions and random Brownian motion of colloidal particles. Brownian dynamics simulation is used to compute the particle deposition in terms of the surface coverage. Direct videomicroscopic observation using the parallel‐plate flow cell technique is employed to determine the deposition kinetics of polystyrene latex particles in NaCl electrolytes. The theoretical predictions are compared with experimental results, and a reasonable agreement is found.
Dispersion of protein bands in a horseshoe microchannel during IEF
Authors: Shim Jaesool , Dutta Prashanta , Ivory Cornelius F.
Published: March 2009

Ampholyte‐based IEF is simulated for a 2‐D horseshoe microchannel. The IEF model takes into account ionic‐strength‐dependent mobility corrections for both proteins and ampholytes. The Debye–Huckel–Henry model is employed to correct the protein mobilities and the Onsager–Debye–Huckel model is used to obtain effective mobilities of ampholytes from their limiting mobility. IEF simulations are conducted in the presence of 25 ampholytes (ΔpK=3.0) within a pH range of 6–9 under an electric field of 300 V/cm and using four proteins (pIs=6.49, 7.1, 7.93 and 8.6) focused in a 1‐cm‐long microchannel. The numerical results show that the concentrations of proteins and ampholytes are different when mobility corrections are considered but that the focusing positions remain the same regardless of mobility corrections. Our results also demonstrate that, unlike linear electrophoresis in which the bands deform significantly as they traverse a bend, during the transient portion of IEF racecourse dispersion is mitigated by focusing and, at focused‐state, those bands that focus in the bend show no radial concentration dependence, i.e. they completely recover from racecourse dispersion, even within a tight turn.
A generalization of the Barone‐Adesi and Whaley approach for the analytic approximation of American options
Authors: Guo Jia‐Hau , Hung Mao‐Wei , So Leh‐Chyan
Published: March 2009

This article introduces a general quadratic approximation scheme for pricing American options based on stochastic volatility and double jump processes. This quadratic approximation scheme is a generalization of the Barone‐Adesi and Whaley approach and nests several option models. Numerical results show that this quadratic approximation scheme is efficient and useful in pricing American options. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Jrl Fut Mark 29:478–493, 2009
A new scheme for static hedging of European derivatives under stochastic volatility models
Authors: Takahashi Akihiko , Yamazaki Akira
Published: March 2009

This study proposes a new scheme for static hedging of European path‐independent derivatives under stochastic volatility models. First, we show that pricing European path‐independent derivatives under stochastic volatility models is transformed to pricing those under one‐factor local volatility models. Next, applying an efficient static replication method for one‐dimensional price processes developed by Takahashi and Yamazaki (2008), we present a static hedging scheme for European path‐independent derivatives. Finally, a numerical example comparing our method with a dynamic hedging method under Heston's (1993) stochastic volatility model is used to demonstrate that our hedging scheme is effective in practice. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Jrl Fut Mark 29:397–413, 2009
Do investors learn about analyst accuracy? A study of the oil futures market
Authors: Chang Charles , Daouk Hazem , Wang Albert
Published: March 2009

We study the impact of analyst forecasts on prices to determine whether investors learn about analyst accuracy. The straight‐forward relationship between supply and price, the economic importance of the market, the predictable timing of forecast error realizations, and the high frequency of the data make the crude oil market an interesting and advantageous setting. We find that prices rise (fall) when analysts forecast a decrease (increase) in supplies. During the 15 minutes following supply announcements, prices rise (fall) when forecasts have been too high (low). Importantly, both relationships are stronger for more accurate analysts, implying that investors learn about analyst accuracy. © 2009 Wiley Peridocals, Inc. Jrl Fut Mark 29:414–429, 2009
Subjective cognitive impairment: increased prefrontal cortex activation compared to controls during an encoding task
Authors: Rodda Joanne E. , Dannhauser Thomas M. , Cutinha Darren J. , Shergill Sukhwinder S. , Walker Zuzana
Published: March 2009

Objective

Subjective cognitive impairment (SCI) has been proposed as a clinical stage which may precede mild cognitive impairment in the clinical continuum of AD, and is characterised by the presence of subjective memory complaints in the absence of objective cognitive deficits. Specific memory‐related brain activation differences have been reported in mild cognitive impairment and in cognitively normal individuals at known genetic risk of AD; our objective was to determine whether similar differences are present in people with SCI.

Methods

We compared brain activation in a memory clinic sample of 10 SCI subjects and 10 controls during a verbal episodic memory encoding task using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI).

Results

There were no differences between groups on measures of encoding success (recognition accuracy) nor was there evidence of altered semantic processing. Both groups activated left prefrontal cortex (PFC) and cerebellum during encoding. The SCI group also demonstrated activation in left medial temporal, occipitoparietal and medial frontal cortex. Group comparisons revealed increased activation in SCI in left PFC, where activation strength correlated with memory task performance.

Conclusions

The activation differences reported in this study may reflect the employment of compensatory strategies in the face of early AD pathology, although a number of alternative explanations need to be considered. Further studies with larger samples may help to determine whether the observed activation changes are likely to be associated with early neuropathological processes or with other unrelated factors. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Voxel based morphometry features and follow‐up of amnestic patients at high risk for Alzheimer's disease conversion
Authors: Rami Lorena , Gómez‐Anson Beatriz , Monte Gemma C. , Bosch Beatriz , Sánchez‐Valle Raquel , Molinuevo José L.
Published: March 2009

Objective

Neuroimaging techniques are able to mark distinct structural and metabolic changes in patients at risk for Alzheimer's disease (AD). The objectives of the study were to compare regional grey matter density in prodromal Alzheimer's disease (Prd‐AD), amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI), mild AD patients and healthy aged controls, to study prospectively their clinical and neuropsychological evolution and to evaluate the accuracy of proposed Prd‐AD criteria to detect AD conversion.

Methods

Twenty‐seven controls, 16 aMCI, 32 Prd‐AD and 34 probable mild AD were included. Evaluations were performed at baseline and annually during a 2‐year prospective follow‐up period. Focal grey matter density loss was calculated through voxel based morphometry analysis at baseline. Sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values of Prd‐AD criteria were calculated.

Results

Pr‐AD, compared to aMCI, had decreased grey matter density mainly in both hippocampi and inferior temporal cortex (p < 0.001). AD patients compared with Prd‐AD, presented grey matter loss in the right posterior and lateral temporal, inferior frontal and parietal cortex and left posterior temporal (p < 0.001). After 2‐year follow‐up, Prd‐AD patients presented higher cognitive decline and conversion rate to AD (83.3%) than aMCI (21.4%; p < 0.0001). The sensitivity of Prd‐AD criteria to predict AD conversion in the group of amnestic patients was 89.3; specificity 68.7; positive predictive value 83.3 and negative predictive value 78.6.

Conclusion

Magnetic resonance imaging provides evidence of more severe temporal grey matter loss in Prd‐AD group than in a‐MCI. The proposed criteria present good accuracy to predict AD conversion among amnestic patients. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The suitability of the BSRS‐5 for assessing elderly who have attempted suicide and need to be referred for professional mental health consultation in a metropolitan city, Taiwan
Authors: Chen Wei‐Jen , Chen Cheng‐Chung , Ho Chi‐Kung , Lee Ming‐Been , Chung Yi‐Ting , Wang Ying‐Chuan , Lin Guei‐Ging , Lu Ren‐yi , Sun Feng‐Ching , Chou Frank Huang‐Chih
Published: March 2009

Objectives

The goals of this study are to (1) investigate the prevalence of necessary referral for professional mental health consultation for elderly people who attempted suicide (“suicide‐attempted”) in Kaohsiung city, Taiwan during 2006–2007, (2) assess whether the 5‐item Brief Symptom Rating Scale (BSRS‐5) can be used as an efficient screening instrument for assessing the probability of a second suicide attempt among the elderly, and (3) examine predictors of needing referral among the suicide‐attempted.

Methods

During the study period, 144 suicide‐attempted elderly subjects were enrolled. Demographic data, BSRS‐5, SAD PERSONS scale, and Medical Outcome Study Short Form‐12 (MOS SF‐12) data were collected by a trained semi‐professional. The prevalence of necessary referrals for the suicide‐attempted elderly was estimated, and the salient factors for their referral were evaluated with logistic regression analysis.

Results

A total of 109 participants out of the 144 recruited completed the questionnaires, giving a response rate of 75.7%. The prevalence of necessary referrals for professional mental health consultation was 33.9% (37/109). The significant predictors of needing referrals were lower scores for MCS (OR = 0.89; 95% CI = 0.83–0.96), family discord (OR = 3.86; 95% CI = 1.17–12.75), and type of interviewee (OR = 4.97; 95% CI = 1.57–15.74).

Conclusion

When the BSRS‐5 is used to evaluate the referral of elderly patients who have attempted suicide for a professional mental health consultation, it is best to conduct in‐person interviews to ask whether the elderly patient still has any suicidal ideation. In addition, evaluating quality of life and level of family discord may also be crucial for suicide prevention in the elderly. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The prevalence of disability in the oldest‐old is high and continues to increase with age: findings from The 90+ Study
Authors: Berlau Daniel J. , Corrada María M. , Kawas Claudia
Published: March 2009

Objectives

To examine the prevalence and type of disability in the oldest‐old (90+), the fastest growing age group in the United States.

Methods

The current study included functional data on 697 participants from The 90+ Study, a population‐based longitudinal study of aging and dementia in people aged 90 and older. Data were obtained by participant's informants via a written questionnaire. The prevalence of disability was calculated for two definitions using activities of daily living (ADLs). ADL difficulty was defined as difficulty with one or more ADLs whereas ADL dependency was defined as needing help on one or more ADLs.

Results

ADL difficulty was present in 71% in 90–94 year olds, 89% in 95–99 year olds, and 97% in centenarians. ADL dependency was present in 44% of 90–94 year olds, 66% of 95–99 year olds, and 92% of centenarians. The ADL most commonly causing difficulty was walking (70%) whereas the ADL most commonly causing dependency was bathing (51%). Age, gender, and institutionalization were significantly associated with both ADL difficulty and ADL dependency.

Conclusions

Similar to studies in younger individuals, the current study suggests that the prevalence of disability continues to increase rapidly in people aged 90 and older. With the rapid growth in the number of people in this age group, disability in the oldest‐old has major public health implications. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.