bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Characteristics and risk factors associated with COVID-19 reinfection in Hong Kong: a retrospective cohort study
Authors: Lin Wenhua , Kung Kin Hang , Chan Chung Lam , Chuang Shuk Kwan , Au Ka Wing
Published: February 2025

We aimed to identify risk factors related to COVID-19 reinfection in Hong Kong. We performed a population-based retrospective cohort study and reviewed case-based data on COVID-19 infections reported to the Centre for Health Protection from 8 January 2020 to 29 January 2023. We analyzed the epidemiology of COVID-19 infections and performed a Cox regression analysis. In this period, 3.32% (103,065/3,106,579) of COVID-19 infections recorded were classified as reinfection. Compared with primarily infected cases, a higher proportion of re-infected cases had chronic diseases (33.54% vs. 27.27%) and were residents of residential care homes (RCH) (10.99% vs. 1.41%). The time interval between the two episodes ranged from 31 to 1,050 days (median 282 days). Cox regression analysis of Omicron cases with the adjustment of covariates showed that being female (Hazard Ratio [HR] 1.12, 95% CI 1.11–1.13), chronic diseases (HR 1.18, 95% CI 1.16–1.20) and RCH residents (HR 6.78, 95% CI 6.61–6.95) were associated with reinfection, while additional vaccination after primary infection was protective (HR 0.80, 95% CI 0.79–0.81). Further analytical studies on the risk factors and protectors of COVID-19 reinfection are needed to guide targeted interventions.
An intervention in the paediatric cardiac ICU to standardise pre-family meeting huddles is feasible, acceptable, and improves clinician teamwork
Authors: Walter Jennifer K. , Cetin Arzu , Gramszlo Colette , DeWitt Aaron G. , Quarshie William , Griffis Heather , Johnson Victoria , Nelson Selena , Shults Justine , Arnold Robert M. , Trowbridge Amy , Hurd Caroline , Curley Martha A.Q. , Feudtner Chris
Published: February 2025

Introduction:

Interprofessional teams in the pediatric cardiac ICU consolidate their management plans in pre-family meeting huddles, a process that affects the course of family meetings but often lacks optimal communication and teamwork.

Methods:

Cardiac ICU clinicians participated in an interprofessional intervention to improve how they prepared for and conducted family meetings. We conducted a pretest–posttest study with clinicians participating in huddles before family meetings. We assessed feasibility of clinician enrollment, assessed clinician perception of acceptability of the intervention via questionnaire and semi-structured interviews, and impact on team performance using a validated tool. Wilcoxon rank sum test assessed intervention impact on team performance at meeting level comparing pre- and post-intervention data.

Results:

Totally, 24 clinicians enrolled in the intervention (92% retention) with 100% completion of training. All participants recommend cardiac ICU Teams and Loved ones Communicating to others and 96% believe it improved their participation in family meetings. We exceeded an acceptable level of protocol fidelity (>75%). Team performance was significantly (p < 0.001) higher in post-intervention huddles (n = 30) than in pre-intervention (n = 28) in all domains. Median comparisons: Team structure [2 vs. 5], Leadership [3 vs. 5], Situation Monitoring [3 vs. 5], Mutual Support [ 3 vs. 5], and Communication [3 vs. 5].

Conclusion:

Implementing an interprofessional team intervention to improve team performance in pre-family meeting huddles is feasible, acceptable, and improves team function. Future research should further assess impact on clinicians, patients, and families.
Einfühlsam Gespräche führen
Authors: Schirmer Uwe Bernd
Published: February 2025

Erfolgreiches Praxishandbuch zur wertschätzenden und empathischen Gesprächsführung für Gesundheits-, Erziehungs-, Pflege- und Sozialberufe, das die Themen Empathie und Beziehung in den Mittelpunkt stellt. Der erfahrene Autor führt in die Grundlagen wertschätzend und einfühlsam geführter Gespräche ein und stellt den empathischen Prozess mit seinen Elementen Beobachtung, Gefühle und Bedürfnisse vor. Praxisnah beschreibt er Anwendungsbeispiele, Grenzen, Risiken und Strategien der empathischen Kommunikation für alle Fachberufe in der Medizin, Pflege, Psychologie, Sozialen Arbeit und Pädagogik, die professionell Entwicklungs- und Fürsorgearbeit leisten.Die 2. Auflage wurde inhaltlich vollständig überarbeitet und erweitert, die Grafiken wurden angepasst und erneuert. Die Literatur und Links wurden aktualisiert. Zentrale Konzepte und Interventionen, wie Gefühle, Bedürfnisse, Beziehung, Empathie, sowie Macht und Machtmissbrauch wurden aktualisiert und bearbeitet. Die Themen Vertrauen in Beziehungen, sowie professionelle Nähe und professionelle Distanz wurde aufgenommen und Perspektiven der Bewältigung aufgezeigt.Aus dem Inhalt Zur Handhabung dieses Buches Die Bedeutung von Beziehungen Empathie Wertschätzende und empathische Gesprächsführung Anwendung der wertschätzenden und einfühlsamen Gesprächsführung Die Perspektive der Bewältigung Fazit und Ausblick Anhang
BaPsy-DGPs
Authors: Dickhäuser Oliver
Published: February 2025

Dieses Buch bietet eine umfassende Sammlung von Übungsaufgaben zur Vorbereitung auf den Studieneignungstest für den Bachelor in Psychologie (BaPsy) der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Psychologie (DGPs). Der BaPsy-DGPs umfasst verschiedene inhaltliche Teilbereiche, die für das Psychologiestudium relevant sind. In diesen Testteilen wird das schlussfolgernde Denken anhand von numerischen, verbalen und figuralen Aufgaben überprüft. Darüber hinaus enthält der Test Aufgaben zum Psychologieverständnis in Deutsch und Englisch sowie zur Erfassung von Mathematikkenntnissen.
Dieses Übungsbuch richtet sich an Studieninteressierte, die ihre Chancen auf einen Studienplatz im Fach Psychologie verbessern möchten. Mit authentischen Aufgaben für alle Testteile stellt es eine wertvolle Ressource dar, um sich optimal auf den Test vorzubereiten. Der Autor, Professor für Psychologie und bekannt aus den offiziellen Trainingsvideos zum BaPsy, bietet hierbei Einblicke in die Aufgaben aus erster Hand. Besonderes Augenmerk wird in diesem Übungsbuch auf die realistische Simulation des Tests gelegt, indem die Aufgaben und deren Umfang dem entsprechen, was Studieninteressierte im eigentlichen Test erwartet.
Eine weitere Besonderheit dieses Übungsbuchs ist die Verwendung von originalgetreuen Fachtexten aus deutsch- und englischsprachigen Psychologielehrbüchern für die Aufgaben zum Psychologieverständnis. Damit eignet sich dieses Buch nicht nur zur selbstständigen, ortsunabhängigen und professionell angeleiteten Vorbereitung auf den Test, sondern es bietet auch einen Einblick in die späteren Fachtexte des Psychologiestudiums.
„Das Übungsbuch wurde mit großer Sorgfalt erstellt und orientiert sich eng an den Testinhalten im BaPsy-DGPs. Daher empfehlen wir dieses Übungsbuch als Vorbereitungsmaterial.“
aus dem Vorwort der Präsidentin der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Psychologie (DGPs)
Multi‐Event Analysis of STEVE, SAR Arc, and Red/Green Arc at Subauroral Latitudes Using Data From Ground Optical and Radio Instruments and the Arase and Van Allen Probes Satellites
Authors: Sugimura Rei , Shiokawa Kazuo , Otsuka Yuichi , Oyama Shin‐ichiro , Oksanen Arto , Connors Martin , Kadokura Akira , Poddelsky Igor , Nishitani Nozomu , Shepherd Simon G. , Ruohoniemi J. Michael , Smith Charles , Spence Harlan , Reeves Geoff , Funsten Herbert O. , Miyoshi Yoshizumi , Shinohara Iku , Kasahara Yoshiya , Tsuchiya Fuminori , Kumamoto Atsushi , Shinbori Atsuki , Asamura Kazushi , Yokota Shoichiro , Kazama Yoichi , Jun C.‐W. , Wang Shiang‐Yu , Tam Sunny W. Y. , Chang Tzu‐Fang , Wang Bo‐Jhou , Kasahara Satoshi , Keika Kunihiro , Hori Tomoaki , Matsuoka Ayako
Published: February 2025

Strong Thermal Emission Velocity Enhancement (STEVE) is a latitudinally narrow, purple‐band emission observed at subauroral latitudes. Stable Auroral Red (SAR) arcs characterized by major red emission, and red/green arcs with both red and green emissions also occur at subauroral latitudes. Characteristics of magnetospheric source plasma and electromagnetic fields of these three types of arcs have not been fully understood because of the limited conjugate observations between magnetosphere and the ground. In this study, we report 11 conjugate observations (2 STEVEs, 7 SAR arcs, and 2 red/green arcs), using all‐sky images obtained at seven ground stations over more than four years from January 2017 to April 2021 and magnetospheric satellites (Arase and Van Allen Probes). We found that, in the inner magnetosphere, the source region of STEVEs and red/green arcs were located outside the plasmasphere, and that of the SAR arc was in the region of spatial overlap between the plasmasphere and ring current region. Electromagnetic waves at frequencies below 1 Hz were observed for STEVEs and red/green arcs. SuperDARN radar data showed a strong westward plasma flow in the ionosphere, especially during STEVE events, whereas the plasma flows associated with SAR arcs and red/green arcs were generally weaker and variable. The STEVE and SAR arc can appear simultaneously at slightly different latitudes and STEVEs and red/green arcs can transform into SAR arcs. These first comprehensive ground‐satellite measurements of three types of subauroral‐latitude auroras increase our understanding on similarlity, differences, and coupling of these auroras in the ionosphere and the magnetosphere.
Electron Dynamics Within Dispersive Scale Alfvénic Field‐Line Resonances Embedded Within Substorm Auroral Beads
Authors: Damiano P. A. , Kim E.‐H. , Johnson J. R. , Hull A. J. , Wing S. , Chaston C. C. , Delamere P. A.
Published: February 2025

Recent Cluster satellite observations have illustrated that substorm auroral bead formation and currents are associated with the presence of dispersive scale standing Alfvén waves, which are also known as kinetic scale field line resonances (KFLRs) or kinetic Alfvén eigenmodes. In this work, the properties of these waves are further examined using simulations of a gyrofluid‐kinetic electron model in conjunction with the Cluster observations at mid‐latitudes and Defense Meteorological Satellite Program satellite observations at high‐latitudes. These simulations incorporate, for the first time, the effects of both hot magnetospheric and cold ionospheric electron populations within the multi‐period evolution of KFLRs. The simulation results demonstrate consistent characteristics with the observed energized electron distributions both at mid‐ and high‐latitudes. Tracing of the energized particle evolution shows that electrons can effectively interact with the wave all along the field line. Quantified energy conversion rates (as determined from ) show that significant wave energy dissipation occurs at all latitudes with a maximum occurring in the vicinity of the peak in the profile of the magnetic field to density ratio . Additionally, even though dispersive effects lead to the propagation of wave energy across field lines, the particle energization leads to rapid damping of the resonant system in only a few Alfvén periods.
Ensemble‐Based Spatially Distributed CLM5 Hydrological Parameter Estimation for the Continental United States
Authors: Yan Hongxiang , Sun Ning , Eldardiry Hisham , Thurber Travis , Reed Patrick , Kennedy Daniel , Swenson Sean , Rice Jennie
Published: February 2025

One of the major challenges in large‐domain hydrological modeling efforts lies in the estimation of spatially distributed hydrological parameters while simultaneously accounting for their associated uncertainties. Addressing this challenge is particularly difficult in ungauged locations. With growing societal demands for large‐scale streamflow projections to inform water resource management and long‐term planning, evaluating and constraining hydrological parameter uncertainty is increasingly vital. This study introduces a hybrid regionalization approach to enhance hydrological predictions of the Community Land Model version 5 (CLM5) across the Continental United States (CONUS), with a total of 50,629 1/8° grid cells. This hybrid method combines the strengths of two existing techniques: parameter regionalization and streamflow signature regionalization. It identifies ensemble behavioral parameters for each 1/8° grid cell across the CONUS domain, tailored to three distinct streamflow signatures focused on low flows, high flows, and annual water balance. Evaluating this hybrid method for 464 CAMELS (Catchment Attributes and Meteorology for Large‐sample Studies) basins demonstrates a significant improvement in CLM5 hydrological predictions, even in challenging arid regions. In CONUS applications, the derived spatially distributed parameter sets capture both spatial continuity and variation of parameters, highlighting their heterogeneous nature within specific regions. Overall, this hybrid regionalization approach offers a promising solution to the complex task of improving hydrological modeling over large domains for important hydrological applications.
Critical band-to-band-tunnelling based optoelectronic memory
Authors: Xu Hangyu , Xie Runzhang , Miao Jinshui , Zhang Zhenhan , Ge Haonan , Shi Xuming , Luo Min , Wang Jinjin , Li Tangxin , Fu Xiao , Ho Johnny C. , Zhou Peng , Wang Fang , Hu Weida
Published: February 2025

Neuromorphic vision hardware, embedded with multiple functions, has recently emerged as a potent platform for machine vision. To realize memory in sensor functions, reconfigurable and non-volatile manipulation of photocarriers is highly desirable. However, previous technologies bear mechanism challenges, such as the ambiguous optoelectronic memory mechanism and high potential barrier, resulting in a limited response speed and a high operating voltage. Here, for the first time, we propose a critical band-to-band tunnelling (BTBT) based device that combines sensing, integration and memory functions. The nearly infinitesimal barrier facilitates the tunnelling process, resulting in a broadband application range (940 nm). Furthermore, the observation of dual negative differential resistance (NDR) points confirms that the critical BTBT of photocarriers contributes to the sub-microsecond photomemory speed. Since the photomemory speed, with no motion blur, is important for motion detection, the critical BTBT memory is expected to enable moving target tracking and recognition, underscoring its superiority in intelligent perception.
An ingestible bioimpedance sensing device for wireless monitoring of epithelial barriers
Authors: Holt Brian M. , Stine Justin M. , Beardslee Luke A. , Ayansola Hammed , Jin Younggeon , Pasricha Pankaj J. , Ghodssi Reza
Published: February 2025

Existing gastrointestinal (GI) diagnostic tools are unable to non-invasively monitor mucosal tight junction integrity in vivo beyond the esophagus. In the GI tract, local inflammatory processes induce alterations in tight junction proteins, enhancing paracellular ion permeability. Although transepithelial electrical resistance (TEER) may be used in the laboratory to assess mucosal barrier integrity, there are no existing methodologies for characterizing tight junction dilation in vivo. Addressing this technology gap, intraluminal bioimpedance sensing may be employed as a localized, non-invasive surrogate to TEER electrodes used in cell cultures. Thus far, bioimpedance has only been implemented in esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD) due to the need for external electronics connections. In this work, we develop a novel, noise-resilient Bluetooth-enabled ingestible device for the continuous, non-invasive measurement of intestinal mucosal “leakiness.” As a proof-of-concept, we validate wireless impedance readout on excised porcine tissues in motion. Through an animal study, we demonstrate how the device exhibits altered impedance response to tight junction dilation induced on mice colonic tissue through calcium-chelator exposure. Device measurements are validated using standard benchtop methods for assessing mucosal permeability.
βIV spectrin abundancy, cellular distribution and sensitivity to AKT/GSK3 regulation in schizophrenia
Authors: Di Re Jessica , Marini Michela , Hussain Syed Ibrar , Singh Aditya K. , Venkatesh Akshaya , Alshammari Musaad A. , Alshammari Tahani K. , Hamoud Abdul-Rizaq Ali , Imami Ali Sajid , Haghighijoo Zahra , Fularcyzk Nickolas , Stertz Laura , Hawes Derek , Mosebarger Angela , Jernigan Jordan , Chaljub Claire , Nehme Ralda , Walss-Bass Consuelo , Schulmann Anton , Vawter Marquis P. , McCullumsmith Robert , Damoiseaux Robert D. , Limon Agenor , Labate Demetrio , Wells Michael F. , Laezza Fernanda
Published: February 2025

Schizophrenia (SCZ) is a complex psychiatric disorder with unclear biological mechanisms. Spectrins, cytoskeletal proteins linked to neurodevelopmental disorders, are regulated by the AKT/GSK3 pathway, which is implicated in SCZ. However, the impact of SCZ-related dysregulation of this pathway on spectrin expression and distribution remains unexplored. Here, we show that βIV spectrin protein levels were reduced in neurons of the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex in SCZ postmortem samples compared to healthy control (HC) from the Human Brain Collection Core (HBCC). To investigate potential links between βIV spectrin and the AKT/GSK3 pathway, we analyzed the PsychEncode dataset, revealing elevated SPTBN4 and AKT2 mRNA levels with correlated gene transcription in both HCs and individuals with SCZ. Next, computational tools were employed to identify potential AKT and GSK3 phosphorylation sites on βIV spectrin, and two GSK3 sites were validated through in vitro assays. To assess whether βIV spectrin distribution and sensitivity to AKT/GSK3 are altered in SCZ, we used iPSC-derived neurons from two independent cohorts of patients with significantly increased familial genetic risk for the disorder. Alteration in βIV spectrin levels and sensitivity to AKT/GSK3 inhibitors were consistently observed across both cohorts. Importantly, a Random Forest classifier applied to βIV spectrin imaging achieved up to 98% accuracy in classifying cells by diagnosis in postmortem samples, and by diagnosis or diagnosis × perturbation in iPSC samples. These findings reveal altered βIV spectrin levels and AKT/GSK3 sensitivity in SCZ, identifying βIV spectrin image-based endophenotypes as robust, generalizable predictive biomarkers of SCZ, with the potential for scalable clinical applications.
Five millennia of mitonuclear discordance in Atlantic bluefin tuna identified using ancient DNA
Authors: Eriksen Emma Falkeid , Andrews Adam Jon , Nielsen Svein Vatsvåg , Persson Per , Malca Estrella , Onar Vedat , Aniceti Veronica , Piquès Gäel , Piattoni Federica , Fontani Francesco , Wiech Martin , Ferter Keno , Kersten Oliver , Ferrari Giada , Cariani Alessia , Tinti Fausto , Cilli Elisabetta , Atmore Lane M. , Star Bastiaan
Published: February 2025

Mitonuclear discordance between species is readily documented in marine fishes. Such discordance may either be the result of past natural phenomena or the result of recent introgression from previously seperated species after shifts in their spatial distributions. Using ancient DNA spanning five millennia, we here investigate the long-term presence of Pacific bluefin tuna (Thunnus orientalis) and albacore (Thunnus alalunga) -like mitochondrial (MT) genomes in Atlantic bluefin tuna (Thunnus thynnus), a species with extensive exploitation history and observed shifts in abundance and age structure. Comparing ancient (n = 130) and modern (n = 78) Atlantic bluefin MT genomes from most of its range, we detect no significant spatial or temporal population structure, which implies ongoing gene flow between populations and large effective population sizes over millennia. Moreover, we identify discordant MT haplotypes in ancient specimens up to 5000 years old and find that the frequency of these haplotypes has remained similar through time. We therefore conclude that MT discordance in the Atlantic bluefin tuna is not driven by recent introgression. Our observations provide oldest example of directly observed MT discordance in the marine environment, highlighting the utility of ancient DNA to obtain insights in the long-term persistence of such phenomena.
ATG8ylation of vacuolar membrane protects plants against cell wall damage
Authors: Julian Jose , Gao Peng , Del Chiaro Alessia , Carlos De La Concepcion Juan , Armengot Laia , Somssich Marc , Duverge Heloise , Clavel Marion , Grujic Nenad , Kobylinska Roksolana , Polivka Ingo , Besten Maarten , Andersen Tonni Grube , Dank Christian , Korbei Barbara , Bachmair Andreas , Coll Nuria S. , Minina Elena A. , Sprakel Joris , Dagdas Yasin
Published: February 2025

Vacuoles are essential for cellular metabolism and growth and the maintenance of internal turgor pressure. They sequester lytic enzymes, ions and secondary metabolites that, if leaked into the cytosol, could lead to cell death. Despite their pivotal roles, quality control pathways that safeguard vacuolar integrity have remained elusive in plants. Here we describe a conserved vacuolar quality control pathway that is activated upon cell wall damage in a turgor-pressure-dependent manner. Cell wall perturbations induce a distinct modification—ATG8ylation—on the vacuolar membrane (tonoplast) that is regulated by the V-ATPase and ATG8 conjugation machinery. Genetic disruption of tonoplast ATG8ylation impairs vacuolar integrity, leading to cell death. Together, our findings reveal a homeostatic pathway that preserves vacuolar integrity upon cell wall damage.
Macroevolution along developmental lines of least resistance in fly wings
Authors: Rohner Patrick T. , Berger David
Published: February 2025

Evolutionary change requires genetic variation, and a reigning paradigm in biology is that rates of microevolution can be predicted from estimates of available genetic variation within populations. However, the accuracy of such predictions should decay on longer evolutionary timescales, as the influence of genetic constraints diminishes. Here we show that intrinsic developmental variability and standing genetic variation in wing shape in two distantly related flies, Drosophila melanogaster and Sepsis punctum, are aligned and predict deep divergence in the dipteran phylogeny, spanning >900 taxa and 185 million years. This alignment cannot be easily explained by constraint hypotheses unless most of the quantified standing genetic variation is associated with deleterious side effects and is effectively unusable for evolution. However, phenotyping of 71 genetic lines of S. punctum revealed no covariation between wing shape and fitness, lending no support to this hypothesis. We also find little evidence for genetic constraints on the pace of wing shape evolution along the dipteran phylogeny. Instead, correlational selection related to allometric scaling, simultaneously shaping developmental variability and deep divergence in fly wings, emerges as a potential explanation for the observed alignment. This suggests that pervasive natural selection has the potential to shape developmental architectures of some morphological characters such that their intrinsic variability predicts their long-term evolution.
Telemedicine-supported lifestyle intervention for glycemic control in patients with CHD and T2DM: multicenter, randomized controlled trial
Authors: Mueller Stephan , Dinges Sophia M. T. , Gass Felix , Fegers-Wustrow Isabel , Treitschke Julian , von Korn Pia , Boscheri Alessandra , Krotz Janosch , Freigang Felix , Dubois Clara , Winzer Ephraim B. , Linke Axel , Edelmann Frank , Feuerstein Anna , Wolfram Oliver , Schäfer Kerstin , Verket Marlo , Wolfarth Bernd , Dörr Marcus , Wachter Rolf , Hackenberg Björn , Rust Sarah , Nebling Thomas , Amelung Volker , Halle Martin
Published: February 2025

Patients with coronary heart disease (CHD) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) have a substantially increased risk for major cardiovascular events and mortality. Increasing physical activity and improving a healthy diet may effectively reduce cardiovascular risk factors; however, the effects are often transient. In a multicenter, 1:1 randomized controlled trial including 502 patients with combined CHD and T2DM (68 ± 8 years; 84% men), we assessed the effects of a home-based telemedicine-supported lifestyle intervention (exercise training, nutritional recommendations and health literacy training) with regular individualized feedback versus usual care. The study met its primary endpoint of reduced glycated hemoglobin after 6 months in favor of the lifestyle intervention group (mean between-group difference in the complete-case analysis (n = 197 and n = 193), −0.13% (95% confidence interval, −0.25 to −0.01), P = 0.04). When individualized feedback and health literacy training were discontinued after 6 months (while other telemedicine tools were maintained), no statistically significant between-group differences were observed at 12 months. At 12 months, 31 patients (6.2%) had a major adverse cardiovascular event (lifestyle intervention, n = 20 (8.0%); usual care, n = 11 (4.4%); P = 0.15), with the main reason being hospitalization for angina or revascularization (lifestyle intervention, n = 15; usual care, n = 8). There were five deaths (lifestyle intervention, n = 2; usual care, n = 3), none of which were categorized as related to the intervention. However, three events that resulted in hospitalization were categorized as potentially related to the intervention (decompensation of heart failure, vertebral disc prolapse and inguinal hernia). In conclusion, a home-based lifestyle intervention with telemedicine support showed modest effects in patients with CHD and T2DM. ClinicalTrials.gov registration: NCT03835923.
Metal oxides carbon xerogel nanocomposite for methanol oxidation fuel cell
Authors: Mohamed Fatma , Shaban Mohamed , Salem Omnia M.
Published: February 2025

The primary requirement for electrode materials in direct methanol fuel cells (DMFC) is efficient electrocatalyst that exhibit high tolerance to methanol oxidation, excellent stability, and reasonable cost. The combination of distinct active materials with distinctive architectures may facilitate the attainment of this objective. The present study included the preparation of a Carbon Xerogel Doped with various metal oxides derived from Banana peels. The nanocomposites were thoroughly examined utilizing several characterization modalities including XRD, FTIR, and SEM. The electrocatalytic performance of Carbon xerogel doped with Iron (Fe3O4/CX), carbon xerogel doped with magnesium (MgO/CX), and carbon xerogel doped with Copper (CuO/CX) about the Methanol Oxidation Reaction (MOR) was investigated using electrochemical methods such as cyclic voltammetry, impedance spectroscopy, and chronoamperometry. The results showed that the Fe3O4/CX, MgO/CX, and CuO/CX are effective electrocatalysts with an onset potential of around 1.00 V and current densities of approximately 42.98 mA cm − 2, 28.2784 mA.cm − 2, and 6.60698 mA.cm − 2, respectively, in the optimized electrolyte for methanol oxidation. The stability of Fe3O4/CX, MgO/CX, and CuO/CX electrodes was examined using chronoamperometry and the Cyclic Stability method. The results revealed that the (Fe3O4/CX) electrode exhibited outstanding stability throughout the whole 60-minute chronoamperometry Technique and demonstrated great stability for 100 cycles in the Cyclic Stability technique. The remarkable electrochemical activity and stability may be attributed to the synergistic effect of Fe3O4/CX, which provided sufficient active sites for methanol electro-oxidation and reduced the equivalent series resistance, as shown by the electrochemical impedance spectroscopy analysis. This work used environmentally friendly materials, which presents a novel opportunity to enhance the efficiency of methanol oxidation via the utilization of affordable catalysts. This study of the theoretical technique methods for establishing the route of methanol decomposition, and systematizes their confirmation with experimental data, within the methodological framework.
Multiscale correlations between joint and tissue-specific biomechanics and anatomy in postmortem ovine stifles
Authors: Chatterjee Aritra , Davis Zachary Robert , Lescun Timothy , Chan Deva D.
Published: February 2025

Joint stability depends on various properties that include the bone anatomy, joint capsule geometry and stiffness, and soft tissues within. The multiscale biomechanical relationships between the whole joint and individual tissues are useful in estimating the physiological condition of the knee. To better understand these relationships, we evaluated multiple structural and mechanical parameters in healthy ovine stifles, specifically joint laxity, joint morphology, individual tissue T

2

*
relaxation and mechanical properties of ligaments (ACL, PCL, MCL, LCL), patellar tendon, menisci, and cartilage. By combining mechanical testing at two length scales and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans, we quantify the strength of correlation coefficients between measured metrics, among joint size, whole joint and individual tissue properties. We observe positive correlations between joint laxity forces and the inter-epicondylar distance. Further, the viscoelastic properties of the tendons and ligaments correlate positively with joint laxity forces; however, no such correlations were observed for the cartilage and menisci. We also found weak inverse correlation between tissue viscoelasticity and T

2

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for MCL; and positive correlations for cartilage and menisci, LCL and PCL respectively. These results provide useful insights into the role of individual tissues that are crucial in measuring whole joint responses as key indicators of knee health.
Towards autonomous robotic THz-based in vivo skin sensing: the PicoBot
Authors: Dogra Anubhav , Jones Dominic , Hernandez Serrano Arturo Ignacio , Chakraborty Shruti , Young Jacob Joshua , Page Benjamin George , Hardwicke Joseph , Valdastri Pietro , Pickwell-MacPherson Emma
Published: February 2025

Terahertz (THz) light has the unique properties of being very sensitive to water, non-ionizing, and having sub-millimeter depth resolution, making it suitable for medical imaging. Skin conditions including eczema, psoriasis and skin cancer affect a high percentage of the population and we have been developing a THz probe to help with their diagnosis, treatment and management. Our in vivo studies have been using a handheld THz probe, but this has been prone to positional errors through sensorimotor perturbations and tremors, giving spatially imprecise measurements and significant variations in contact pressure. As the operator tires through extended device use, these errors are further exacerbated. A robotic system is therefore needed to tune the critical parameters and achieve accurate and repeatable measurements of skin. This paper proposes an autonomous robotic THz acquisition system, the PicoBot, designed for non-invasive diagnosis of healthy and diseased skin conditions, based on hydration levels in the skin. The PicoBot can 3D scan and segment out the region of interest on the skin’s surface, precisely position (± 0.5/1 mm/degrees) the probe normal to the surface, and apply a desired amount of force (± 0.1N) to maintain firm contact for the required 60 s during THz data acquisition. The robotic automation improves the stability of the acquired THz signals, reducing the standard deviation of amplitude fluctuations by over a factor of four at 1 THz compared to hand-held mode. We show THz results for skin measurements of volunteers with healthy and dry skin conditions on various parts of the body such as the volar forearm, forehead, cheeks, and hands. The tests conducted validate the preclinical feasibility of the concept along with the robustness and advantages of using the PicoBot, compared to a manual measurement setup.
Searching for the cellular underpinnings of the selective vulnerability to tauopathic insults in Alzheimer’s disease
Authors: Torok Justin , Maia Pedro D. , Anand Chaitali , Raj Ashish
Published: February 2025

Neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer’s disease exhibit pathological changes in the brain that proceed in a stereotyped and regionally specific fashion. However, the cellular underpinnings of regional vulnerability are poorly understood, in part because whole-brain maps of a comprehensive collection of cell types have been inaccessible. Here, we deployed a recent cell-type mapping pipeline, Matrix Inversion and Subset Selection (MISS), to determine the brain-wide distributions of pan-hippocampal and neocortical cells in the mouse, and then used these maps to identify general principles of cell-type-based selective vulnerability in PS19 mouse models. We found that hippocampal glutamatergic neurons as a whole were significantly positively associated with regional tau deposition, suggesting vulnerability, while cortical glutamatergic and GABAergic neurons were negatively associated. We also identified oligodendrocytes as the single-most strongly negatively associated cell type. Further, cell-type distributions were more predictive of end-time-point tau pathology than AD-risk-gene expression. Using gene ontology analysis, we found that the genes that are directly correlated to tau pathology are functionally distinct from those that constitutively embody the vulnerable cells. In short, we have elucidated cell-type correlates of tau deposition across mouse models of tauopathy, advancing our understanding of selective cellular vulnerability at a whole-brain level.
PET-based aqueous-stable two-phase perovskite nanoprobe for quantification of capsaicin in food samples
Authors: Wang Wen-Juan , Liu Kai-Qi , Meng Xiang-Ying , Sun Ze-Yu , Li Feng , Wang Zhong-Xia
Published: February 2025

We introduce an innovative two-phase-perovskite-based sensing platform for the ultrasensitive detection of capsaicin via the photo-induced electron transfer mechanism.
Influence of lung extracellular matrix from non-IPF and IPF donors on primary human lung fibroblast biology
Authors: Dabaghi Mohammadhossein , Singer Ryan , Noble Alex , Arizpe Tafoya Aidee Veronica , González-Martínez David A. , Gupta Tamaghna , Formosa-Dague Cécile , Rosas Ivan O. , Kolb Martin R. , Shargall Yaron , Moran-Mirabal Jose M. , Hirota Jeremy A.
Published: February 2025

Fibrosis, a hallmark of chronic lung disease, involves ECM remodeling. This work shows that decellularized ECM from IPF lungs—with its unique biochemical composition—can promote a profibrotic lung fibroblast phenotype.
Matrix deformation and mechanotransduction as markers of breast cancer cell phenotype alteration at matrix interfaces
Authors: Clemens Cornelia , Gehring Rosa , Riedl Philipp , Pompe Tilo
Published: February 2025

Change in pore sizes at matrix interfaces induces asymmetric cell contraction and disruption of nuclear mechanotransduction of breast cancer cells.
Impressive improvement of zinc–iodine battery performance by doping poly(vinyl alcohol) into the cathode
Authors: Wang Yang , Zhou Kaiming , Sun Zhihan , Zhang Shaojie , Zhang Xuan , Jiang Zhou , Liu Danyang
Published: February 2025

Herein, a KB-P60 cathode was synthesized from poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) coated Ketjen black (KB).
Metallo-hydrogen bonded organic frameworks with nitrogen tridentate ligands: exploring inclusion and dye adsorption properties
Authors: Li Haitao , Qin Guangshan , Guo Zhenwei , Guo Fang
Published: February 2025

A series of novel MHOFs have been synthesized, featuring thermally stable voids of diverse dimensions. Investigations into guest molecule exchange and dye adsorption revealed selective adsorption of liquid solvents and high adsorption efficiencies.
Molecular-level insight into ciprofloxacin adsorption on goethite: I. Approach and non-specific binding
Authors: Le Crom Sébastien , Boily Jean-François
Published: February 2025

Protonation of the carboxyl group in ciprofloxacin promotes hydrogen bonding with singly coordinated hydroxyls on goethite (α-FeOOH). This mechanism likely explains the increased adsorption of ciprofloxacin under acidic conditions.
Accelerating structure prediction of molecular crystals using actively trained moment tensor potential
Authors: Rybin Nikita , Novikov Ivan S. , Shapeev Alexander
Published: February 2025

We present a methodology that exploits moment tensor potentials (MTP) and active learning (based on the maxvol algorithm) to accelerate structure prediction of molecular crystals.
Efficient extraction of polystyrene nanoplastics from water using an ionic liquid
Authors: Srivastava Ashish , Ravula Sudhir , Bara Jason E. , Esfahani Milad Rabbani
Published: February 2025

Nanoplastics (NPs) are garnering attention as an emerging type of plastic pollutant capable of causing detrimental effects on terrestrial, marine, and human health.
Multilayered Double Perovskite Ferroelectric for Green High-Performance Self-Powered X-ray Detection
Authors: Han Zhangtong , Guan Qianwen , Ye Huang , Liu Yi , Wu Jianbo , Xu Lijun , Zhang Chengshu , Li Hang , Yin Qiuxiao , Luo Junhua
Published: February 2025

Layered hybrid perovskite ferroelectrics have made significant strides in high-performance X-ray detection, attributed to their polarization-induced large built-in electric fields and excellent carrier mobility. However, most reported layered hybrid perovskite...
Fuel production capacity and DFT analysis of cation modified perovskites for enhanced thermochemical CO2 dissociation
Authors: Cong Jian , Beche Eric , Abanades Stéphane
Published: February 2025

The redox activity of perovskite materials was tuned by an active cation doping strategy to promote two-step CO2 splitting for sustainable solar fuel production.
Reducing exciton binding energy of antimony-based perovskites by improving the phase purity for efficient solar cells
Authors: Xu Tengyu , Zhang Xian , Liu Fangzhou , Guo Huichao , Zhang Jiaqi , Cai Shaogeng , Li Deao , Zhang Yangyang , Guan Yan , Yu Wenjin , Zou Dechun , Xiao Lixin , Wu Cuncun
Published: February 2025

Enhancing the phase purity in antimony-based perovskites reduced the exciton binding energy for efficient solar cells.
Location and energy of electrons producing the radio bursts from AD Leo observed by FAST in December 2021
Authors: Zarka Philippe , Louis Corentin K. , Zhang Jiale , Tian Hui , Morin Julien , Gao Yang
Published: February 2025

In a recent paper, we presented circularly polarised radio bursts detected by the Five-hundred-meter Aperture Spherical radio Telescope (FAST) from the flare star AD Leo over 2-3 December 2021. These bursts have been attributed to the electron cyclotron maser (ECM) instability. In that context, we have adopted two independent and complementary approaches inspired by the study of auroral radio emissions from Solar System planets. Our goal is to constrain, for the first time, the source location (magnetic shell, height) and the energy of the emitting electrons. These two approaches consist of (i) modelling the overall occurrence of the emission with the ExPRES code and (ii) fitting the drift rate of the fine structures observed by FAST. We obtained consistent results, pointing at 20-30 keV electrons on magnetic shells with an apex at 2-10 stellar radii. The emission polarisation observed by FAST and the magnetic topology of AD Leo appear to favour X-mode emission from the southern magnetic hemisphere, allowing us to set constraints on the plasma density scale height in the star's atmosphere. We demonstrate that sensitive radio observations with high time-frequency resolutions, coupled with modelling tools such as ExPRES, along with analytical calculations and stellar magnetic field measurements, allow us to remotely probe stellar radio environments. We provide elements of comparison with Solar System radio bursts (Jovian and Solar), establish hypotheses about the driver of AD Leo's radio bursts, and discuss the perspectives of future observations particularly at very low frequencies ($<$100 MHz).
A study in scarlet. I. Photometric properties of a sample of intermediate-luminosity red transients
Authors: Valerin G. , Pastorello A. , Reguitti A. , Benetti S. , Cai Y.-Z. , Chen T.-W. , Eappachen D. , Elias-Rosa N. , Fraser M. , Gangopadhyay A. , Hsiao E.Y. , Howell D.A. , Inserra C. , Izzo L. , Jencson J. , Kankare E. , Kotak R. , Mazzali P.A. , Misra K. , Pignata G. , Prentice S.J. , Sand D.J. , Smartt S.J. , Stritzinger M.D. , Tartaglia L. , Valenti S. , Anderson J.P. , Andrews J.E. , Amaro R.C. , Brennan S. , Bufano F. , Callis E. , Cappellaro E. , Dastidar R. , Della Valle M. , Fiore A. , Fulton M.D. , Galbany L. , Heikkilä T. , Hiramatsu D. , Karamehmetoglu E. , Kuncarayakti H. , Leloudas G. , Lundquist M. , McCully C. , Müller-Bravo T.E. , Nicholl M. , Ochner P. , Padilla Gonzalez E. , Paraskeva E. , Pellegrino C. , Rau A. , Reichart D.E. , Reynolds T.M. , Roy R. , Salmaso I. , Singh M. , Turatto M. , Tomasella L. , Wyatt S. , Young D.R.
Published: February 2025

We investigate the photometric characteristics of a sample of intermediate-luminosity red transients (ILRTs), a class of elusive objects with peak luminosity between that of classical novae and standard supernovae. Our goal is to provide a stepping stone in the path to reveal the physical origin of such events, thanks to the analysis of the datasets collected. We present the multi-wavelength photometric follow-up of four ILRTs, namely NGC 300 2008OT-1, AT 2019abn, AT 2019ahd, and AT 2019udc. Through the analysis and modelling of their spectral energy distribution and bolometric light curves, we inferred the physical parameters associated with these transients. All four objects display a single-peaked light curve which ends in a linear decline in magnitudes at late phases. A flux excess with respect to a single blackbody emission is detected in the infrared domain for three objects in our sample, a few months after maximum. This feature, commonly found in ILRTs, is interpreted as a sign of dust formation. Mid-infrared monitoring of NGC 300 2008OT-1 761 days after maximum allowed us to infer the presence of ∼10^-3-10^-5 M_⊙ of dust, depending on the chemical composition and the grain size adopted. The late-time decline of the bolometric light curves of the considered ILRTs is shallower than expected for Ni decay, hence requiring an additional powering mechanism. James Webb Space Telescope observations of AT 2019abn prove that the object has faded below its progenitor luminosity in the mid-infrared domain, five years after its peak. Together with the disappearance of NGC 300 2008OT-1 in Spitzer images seven years after its discovery, this supports the terminal explosion scenario for ILRTs. With a simple semi-analytical model we tried to reproduce the observed bolometric light curves in the context of a few solar masses ejected at few 10^3 km s^-1 and enshrouded in an optically thick circumstellar medium.
Exploring quasar evolution with proximate molecular absorbers: Insights from the kinematics of highly ionized nitrogen
Authors: Cuellar R. , Noterdaeme P. , Balashev S. , López S. , D’Odorico V. , Krogager J.-K.
Published: February 2025

We investigate the presence and kinematics of N V absorption proximate to high redshift quasars with both strong H2 and H I absorption at the quasar redshift. Our spectroscopic observations with X-shooter at the VLT reveal a 70% detection rate of N V (in 9 out of 13 quasars with 2.5 < z < 3.3), remarkably higher than the ∼10% detection rate in intervening damped Lyman-α systems and the ∼30% rate observed within a few thousand km s−1 of the source in the general quasar population. While many N V components lie within the velocity range of the neutral gas, the kinematic profiles of high-ionization species appear decoupled from those of low-ionization species, with the former extending over much larger velocity ranges, particularly toward bluer velocities (up to several thousand km s−1). We also observe significant variations in the N V to Si IV ratio, which we attribute to varying ionization conditions, with a clear velocity-dependent trend: blueshifted N V components systematically exhibit higher ionization parameters compared to those near the quasar’s systemic redshift. Furthermore, the most redshifted systems relative to the quasar show no evidence of N V absorption. The results suggest that proximate H2 absorption systems are in critical stages of quasar evolution, during which the quasar remains embedded in a rich molecular environment. Redshifted systems likely trace infalling gas, potentially associated with mergers, prior to the onset of outflows. Such outflows, as traced by N V, may eventually reach or even carry out neutral and molecular gas. This stage would correspond to proximate H2 systems located around or blueshifted relative to the quasar’s systemic redshift. Finally, the only case in our sample featuring highly blueshifted neutral gas (−2000 km s−1) shows no evidence of an association with the quasar. Our findings highlight the need to account for the ionization state when defining a velocity threshold to distinguish quasar-associated systems from intervening ones.
Technological efficiency of the squeezing process
Authors: Khurramov Shavkat , Khalturaev Farkhod , Kurbanova Feruza , Rasulev Akmal
Published: February 2025

A theoretical model of residual moisture of the processed material has been developed, which allows obtaining reliable parameters of the squeezing process and assessing the technological efficiency of the squeezing process. It has been established that with an increase in the roller radius, the thickness of the contacting bodies and a decrease in the ratio of deformation of the contacting bodies, the residual moisture increases. It has been revealed that a decrease in the coefficient of deformation of the roller coating and an increase in the coefficient of deformation of the processed material lead to a decrease in residual moisture.
The GIS-technology for predicting development a landslide & the scientific, regulatory and practical activity under Rockburst Risk
Authors: Belogurov Victor
Published: February 2025

Presented is GIS-technology allowing to predict landslide development and to estimate the Earth surface objects geometry. The unique possibilities of mathematical and cartographic modelling are formulated not only for displaying the results of the study, but also for performing calculations on the map. The possibilities of RR criterion of model reliability for rejection of models unsuitable for quantitative forecasting are shown. An example of using the RR criterion to detect unreliable input information is given. Some promising directions of application of ArcGIS Geostatistical Analyst module in geology are proposed to clustering of Rockburst on risk levels criterion. For the first time, an innovation approach is proposed for operative clustering of dynamically developing dangers of Soil flow type. A deep analysis of the research activity of leading scientists in the study of burrowing impacts was carried out. The priority of Russian science in the field of Rockburst risk and mining safety was proven.The innovative work by the famous Lviv Scientist V.F. Chekurin (1951-2021) “Theory of integral acoustoelasticity for 3-D stress-strained state” was extracted from hard-to-reach sources, which is available for study, feedback and recommendations.
Sustainable interfirm collaborations in agriculture: A methodology for evaluating resource-saving complementary routines
Authors: Maksimchik Maksim
Published: February 2025

In the context of digital transformation of agriculture, effective intercompany interaction is becoming critical for the sustainable development of the agro-industrial complex. This article proposes a methodology for assessing the complementarity of exogenous routines of intercompany interactions in agriculture. The methodology is based on calculating the interaction complementarity indicator for each pair of agricultural organizations, which allows for a quantitative and qualitative assessment of the degree of coincidence of exogenous routines. The integral complementarity indicator reflects the overall level of consistency of exogenous routines in the system of intercompany interactions. The application of the methodology on the example of agricultural organizations of the Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug demonstrated its effectiveness in optimizing value chains in the context of standardization of exogenous routines. The implementation of the proposed methodology will help reduce transaction costs and increase the efficiency of intercompany interactions in agriculture.