bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Point of care parenchymal volume analyses to estimate split renal function and predict functional outcomes after radical nephrectomy
Authors: Rathi Nityam , Attawettayanon Worapat , Yasuda Yosuke , Lewis Kieran , Roversi Gustavo , Shah Snehi , Wood Andrew , Munoz-Lopez Carlos , Palacios Diego A. , Li Jianbo , Abdallah Nour , Schober Jared P. , Strother Marshall , Kutikov Alexander , Uzzo Robert , Weight Christopher J. , Eltemamy Mohamed , Krishnamurthi Venkatesh , Abouassaly Robert , Campbell Steven C.
Published: April 2023

Accurate prediction of new baseline GFR (NBGFR) after radical nephrectomy (RN) can inform clinical management and patient counseling whenever RN is a strong consideration. Preoperative global GFR, split renal function (SRF), and renal functional compensation (RFC) are fundamentally important for the accurate prediction of NBGFR post-RN. While SRF has traditionally been obtained from nuclear renal scans (NRS), differential parenchymal volume analysis (PVA) via software analysis may be more accurate. A simplified approach to estimate parenchymal volumes and SRF based on length/width/height measurements (LWH) has also been proposed. We compare the accuracies of these three methods for determining SRF, and, by extension, predicting NBGFR after RN. All 235 renal cancer patients managed with RN (2006–2021) with available preoperative CT/MRI and NRS, and relevant functional data were analyzed. PVA was performed on CT/MRI using semi-automated software, and LWH measurements were obtained from CT/MRI images. RFC was presumed to be 25%, and thus: Predicted NBGFR = 1.25 × Global GFRPre-RN × SRFContralateral. Predictive accuracies were assessed by mean squared error (MSE) and correlation coefficients (r). The r values for the LWH/NRS/software-derived PVA approaches were 0.72/0.71/0.86, respectively (p < 0.05). The PVA-based approach also had the most favorable MSE, which were 120/126/65, respectively (p < 0.05). Our data show that software-derived PVA provides more accurate and precise SRF estimations and predictions of NBGFR post-RN than NRS/LWH methods. Furthermore, the LWH approach is equivalent to NRS, precluding the need for NRS in most patients.
Investigating the activation of passive metals by a combined in-situ AFM and Raman spectroscopy system: a focus on titanium
Authors: Casanova L. , Menegazzo M. , Goto F. , Pedeferri M. , Duò L. , Ormellese M. , Bussetti G.
Published: April 2023

Understanding the main steps involved in the activation of passive metals is an extremely important subject in the mechanical and energy industry and generally in surface science. The titanium-H2SO4 system is particularly useful for this purpose, as the metal can either passivate or corrode depending on potential. Although several studies tried to hypothesise the surface state of the electrode, there is no general consensus about the surface state of Ti in the active–passive transition region. Here by combining in-situ atomic force microscopy (AFM) and Raman spectroscopy, operating in an electrochemical cell, we show that the cathodic electrification of Ti electrodes causes the dissolution of the upper TiO2 portion of the passive film leaving the electrode covered by only a thin layer of titanium monoxide. Fast anodic reactions involved the acidification of the solution and accumulation of sulphur containing anions. This produces a local increase of the solution turbidity, allowing to distinguish favourable regions for the precipitation of TiOSO4·2H2O. These results give a clear answer to the long-stated question of the physical origin behind the formation of negative polarization resistances, sometimes occurring in corroding systems, and a rationale about the proton-induced degradation of passive surfaces in presence of sulphur containing species.
Exploring computer-aided health decision-making on cervical cancer interventions through deliberative interviews in Ethiopia
Authors: Sy Frithjof , Berner-Rodoreda Astrid , Asnake Takelech , Getnet Misrak , Amogne Wondwossen , Bussmann Hermann , Abera Helen , Bärnighausen Till , Deckert Andreas
Published: April 2023

Cervical cancer is a significant disease burden in Ethiopia. Mathematical models and computer simulations on disease dynamics can support effective resource allocation. The objectives of this work are (i) to explore the perspectives of health decision-makers on computer-aided predictions supporting cervical cancer interventions, (ii) to identify their information needs from these predictions, and (iii) their willingness to apply the results in their work. We conducted deliberative interviews with 15 health decision-makers and advisors in Ethiopia in autumn 2019. We analyze the data using a five steps framework approach drawing on thematic analysis and find that Ethiopian health decision-makers are willing to use computer-aided predictions in their decisions. Data on HPV prevalence and the cervical cancer burden are scarce but valued highly and decision-makers are particularly interested in the identification of local HPV hotspots. Data-driven mathematical models and computer simulations may increasingly influence health decision-making in Ethiopia.
Biology and therapeutic potential of mesenchymal stem cell extracellular vesicles in axial spondyloarthritis
Authors: Tavasolian Fataneh , Inman Robert D.
Published: April 2023

Axial spondyloarthritis (AxSpA) is a chronic, inflammatory, autoimmune disease that predominantly affects the joints of the spine, causes chronic pain, and, in advanced stages, may result in spinal fusion. Recent developments in understanding the immunomodulatory and tissue-differentiating properties of mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) therapy have raised the possibility of applying such treatment to AxSpA. The therapeutic effectiveness of MSCs has been shown in numerous studies spanning a range of diseases. Several studies have been conducted examining acellular therapy based on MSC secretome. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) generated by MSCs have been proven to reproduce the impact of MSCs on target cells. These EVs are associated with immunological regulation, tissue remodeling, and cellular homeostasis. EVs’ biological effects rely on their cargo, with microRNAs (miRNAs) integrated into EVs playing a particularly important role in gene expression regulation. In this article, we will discuss the impact of MSCs and EVs generated by MSCs on target cells and how these may be used as unique treatment strategies for AxSpA.
The effect of turbulence in brain dynamics information transfer measured with magnetoencephalography
Authors: Deco Gustavo , Liebana Garcia Samuel , Sanz Perl Yonatan , Sporns Olaf , Kringelbach Morten L.
Published: April 2023

Fast, efficient information transfer is essential for the brain to ensure survival. As recently shown in functional magnetic resonance imaging with high spatial resolution, turbulence appears to offer a fundamental way to facilitate energy and information transfer across spatiotemporal scales in brain dynamics. However, given that this imaging modality is comparably slow and not directly linked with neuronal activity, here we investigated the existence of turbulence in fast whole-brain neural dynamics measured with magnetoencephalography (MEG). The coarse spatial observations in MEG necessitated that we created and validated a empirical measure of turbulence. We found that the measure of edge-centric metastability perfectly detected turbulence in a ring of non-local coupled oscillators where the ground-truth was analytically known, even at a coarse spatial scale of observations. This allowed us to use this measure in the spatially coarse, empirical large-scale MEG data from 89 human participants. We demonstrated turbulence in fast neuronal dynamics and used this to quantify information transfer in the brain. The results demonstrate that the necessary efficiency of brain function is dependent on an underlying turbulent regime.
Mechanics of coseismic and postseismic acceleration of active landslides
Authors: Kohler Marc , Puzrin Alexander M.
Published: April 2023

Active slow-moving landslides exhibit very different coseismic and postseismic behaviour. Whereas some landslides do not show any postseismic acceleration, there are many that experience an increased motion in the days to weeks following an earthquake. The reason for this behaviour remains debated and the underlying mechanisms are only partially understood. In recent years, it has been suggested that postseismic acceleration is caused by excess pore water pressures generated outside of the shear zone during seismic shaking, with their subsequent diffusion into the shear zone. Here we show that this hypothesis is indeed plausible and hydro-mechanically consistent by using a basic rate-dependent physical landslide model. Our simulations provide insight into the landslide behaviour in response to seismic shaking and its main controlling parameters: preseismic landslide velocity, rate-dependency of soil strength in the shear zone, hydro-mechanical characteristics of the adjacent soil layers and the earthquake intensity.
Real-time sensing of war’s effects on wellbeing with smartphones and smartwatches
Authors: Mofaz Merav , Yechezkel Matan , Einat Haim , Kronfeld-Schor Noga , Yamin Dan , Shmueli Erez
Published: April 2023

Background

Modern wars have a catastrophic effect on the wellbeing of civilians. However, the nature of this effect remains unclear, with most insights gleaned from subjective, retrospective studies.

Methods

We prospectively monitored 954 Israelis (>40 years) from two weeks before the May 2021 Israel-Gaza war until four weeks after the ceasefire using smartwatches and a dedicated mobile application with daily questionnaires on wellbeing. This war severely affected civilians on both sides, where over 4300 rockets and missiles were launched towards Israeli cities, and 1500 aerial, land, and sea strikes were launched towards 16,500 targets in the Gaza Strip.

Results

We identify considerable changes in all the examined wellbeing indicators during missile attacks and throughout the war, including spikes in heart rate levels, excessive screen-on time, and a reduction in sleep duration and quality. These changes, however, fade shortly after the war, with all affected measures returning to baseline in nearly all the participants. Greater changes are observed in individuals living closer to the battlefield, women, and younger individuals.

Conclusions

The demonstrated ability to monitor objective and subjective wellbeing indicators during crises in real-time is pivotal for the early detection of and prompt assistance to populations in need.
Aggregation-induced Emission-based Fluorescent Systems
Authors: Li Meng , Li Xiaoning , Chen Zhijun
Published: April 2023

Fluorescent materials have gained extensive attention owing to their highly photophysical properties and potential applications in diverse areas. Aggregation-induced emission (AIE) is a new type of photophysical phenomenon discovered in 2001, in which molecules in condensed solution or solid state exhibit enhanced fluorescence emission. In this chapter, we aim to cover the developments in the exciting field of AIE over the past decade, including organic luminescent molecules and clusteroluminogens, of which clusteroluminogens are highlighted. The fluorescence mechanism is one of the most important concepts within the scientific community. Therefore, we systematically summarize the latest research achievements on the luminescence mechanism of AIE-based fluorescent systems.
Diversity-oriented Fluorescence Library Approach: Accelerating Probe Development for Biological and Environmental Applications
Authors: Samanta Animesh , Munan Subrata , Jana Anal , Chang Young Tae
Published: April 2023

In chemical biology the concept of chemosensors and chemical probes implicates the transduction of a chemical signal upon binding with the chemical substance. There are enormous challenges for developing superior chemical probes using the target-oriented synthesis approach with limited knowledge of the recognition site. The emerging field of the diversity-oriented fluorescent library approach (DOFLA) enables a conceptually novel and new strategy for designing chemosensors/probes. Vast chemical diversity in optically active fluorophores provides limitless opportunity for probe development, likewise drug discovery from diversity-oriented synthesis approaches. Synergistic effects of diverse chemical structures, high-throughput screening methodology, and improved microscopic automation have led to several chemical probes in the last two decades. This chapter summarizes the recent developments of chemical probes/sensors and chemosensors using DOFLA and their biological and environmental applications. The chapter consists of six sections, including the concept of the diversity-oriented fluorescent library, mechanisms of signal transduction, screening strategies, and reviews of recent examples from in vitro spectra-based screening, cell-based screening, and in vivo whole organelle-based screening.
Fluorescent Carbon Nanoparticles
Authors: Bartkowski Michał , Giordani Silvia
Published: April 2023

Fluorescent nanoparticles are indispensable tools often utilised in analytical biology, fluorescence spectroscopy, bioimaging, biophysics, clinical diagnosis, and environmental sensing. Their specific photophysical properties, including brightness, emission wavelength, and analyte sensitivity, can be easily modulated. This affords fluorescent nanoparticles an expansive scope of applicability in imaging and sensing. This chapter gives an overview of various fluorescent carbon nanoparticles, supported by selected literature case examples, namely on carbon nano-onions, fluorescent carbon dots, and detonation nanodiamonds.
Activatable Photodynamic Photosensitizers for Cancer Treatment
Authors: Kilic E. , Dirak M. , Kolemen S.
Published: April 2023

Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a clinically approved treatment modality used for a wide range of medical conditions, including malignant cancers. It employs cytotoxic reactive oxygen species (ROS), particularly singlet oxygen (1O2), to kill cells of interest and has attracted immense attention during the last decades. Molecular design of triplet photosensitizers is no doubt at the core of successful PDT action. Spatiotemporal control of ROS generation and consequent cancer cell selectivity is one of the highly sought characteristics of new-generation photosensitizers, to minimize severe adverse effects as well as to enhance the therapeutic outcome. Activatable photosensitizers have appeared to be a good candidate in this respect as they tend to stay in their “off” state prior to activation with various tumor-associated intracellular stimuli. In this chapter, we summarize the recent advances in the field of activatable photosensitizers by focusing on the design principles and biologically relevant activators.
Polycrystalline Fe- and Sn-based sulfides for high-capacity sodium-ion battery anodes
Authors: Zhu Xinxin , Wang Peng , Ding Yihong , Chu Ying , Lin Jie , Zhao Shiqiang , Jin Huile , Zeng Tianbiao
Published: April 2023

Nano-polycrystalline Sn2S3/Sn3S4/FeS/Fe7S8 sulfides anchored on graphene were synthesized via annealing SnS2 and Fe followed by homogeneously combining them with exfoliated graphite.
Efficient asymmetrical silicon–metal dimer electrocatalysts for the nitrogen reduction reaction
Authors: Liu Chuangwei , Zheng Haoren , Wang Tianyi , Zhang Xiaoli , Guo Zhongyuan , Li Hao
Published: April 2023

Based on first-principles calculations, we designed a highly effective SiM@C3N4 catalyst as the low-cost candidate for electrocatalytic ammonia synthesis.
Marine aerosol feedback on biogeochemical cycles and the climate in the Anthropocene: lessons learned from the Pacific Ocean
Authors: Ito Akinori , Miyazaki Yuzo , Taketani Fumikazu , Iwamoto Yoko , Kanaya Yugo
Published: April 2023

Marine aerosol feedback on biogeochemical cycles and the climate remains highly uncertain due to the complex interplay. This review highlights recent advances in our understanding of organic aerosols, nitrogen, and iron as well as cloud properties over the Pacific Ocean.
Hydrogel particles-on-chip (HyPoC): a fluorescence micro-sensor array for IgG immunoassay
Authors: De Masi Alessandra , Scognamiglio Pasqualina Liana , Battista Edmondo , Netti Paolo Antonio , Causa Filippo
Published: April 2023

A micro-biosensor based on hydrogel microparticles integrated in a microfluidic portable device is developed to tune the LOD and dynamic range, while reducing incubation time and reagent volume.
Theoretical insight into the generation mechanism of vinyl acrylate in the production of vinyl acetate on PdAu(100)
Authors: Yu Yingzhe , Guo Jia , Zhang Weiwei , Chen Hai , Zhang Minhua
Published: April 2023

Possible reaction network for the formation of vinyl acrylate on PdAu(100) surface.
Virtual screening of organic quinones as cathode materials for sodium-ion batteries
Authors: Zhou Xuan , Janssen René A. J. , Er Süleyman
Published: April 2023

The discovery of quinone-based compounds that are commercially accessible and can function as cathode materials in sodium ion batteries.
Magnetization of amorphous FeOOH chrysanthemum-like nanosheets under ambient conditions
Authors: Si Yan , Shi Siyu , Jing Jingyun , Bai Yun , Wang Qian
Published: April 2023

Amorphous FeOOH nanosheets with a novel chrysanthemum-like structure are synthesized by a simple redox strategy and then magnetized with the aid of noble metal ions such as Au3+ under ambient conditions without heat treatment or irradiation.
Coupled W–Co2P hybrid nanosheets as a robust bifunctional electrocatalyst for hydrazine-assisted hydrogen production
Authors: Li Kaixun , Cen Xujiang , He JinFeng , Tong Yun
Published: April 2023

An interface coupling strategy is developed to deposit metal W species onto Co2P nanosheets on a nickel foam substrate (W@Co2P/NF). This catalyst realizes superior bifunctional performance for both the HER and HzOR in an alkaline medium.
NHC-catalyzed [12+2] reaction of polycyclic arylaldehydes for access to indole derivatives
Authors: Ji Hong , Zou Juan , Mou Chengli , Liu Yonggui , Ren Shi-Chao , Chi Yonggui Robin
Published: April 2023

NHC-catalyzed remote activation of C(sp3)–H and asymmetric [12+2] cycloaddition reaction for access to structurally complex bioactive indole derivatives.
Hydrogen-bonded liquid crystals formed from 4-alkoxystilbazoles and chlorophenols
Authors: Johnson Oliver D. , Wainwright Stephen G. , Whitwood Adrian C. , Bruce Duncan W.
Published: April 2023

Hydrogen-bonded complexes are formed between two chain lengths of 4-alkoxystilbazoles and six different chlorophenols; four complexes are characterised crystallographically and all but two show liquid crystal behaviour.
Synergetic argentophilic and through space electronic interactions in a single-crystal-to-single-crystal photocycloaddition reaction: a mechanistic study
Authors: Yang Wenjing , Chen Yonglin , Mei Min , Li Weijia , Wang Chu , Yang Yanting , Liang Jing , Guo Zhen , Wu Liangliang , Chen Xuebo
Published: April 2023

The synergism of argentophilic and through space electronic interactions is essential for the regulation of single-crystal-to-single-crystal transformation and may account for the enhanced conductivity in Ag(i)-coordination polymers.
High-precision measurement of europium isotopic composition of geological reference materials by multi-collector inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (MC-ICP-MS)
Authors: Nicol Lukas , Garçon Marion , Boyet Maud , Gannoun Abdelmouhcine
Published: April 2023

Here we present a comprehensive chemical protocol to separate europium from different sample matrices and a method for measuring Eu isotopic composition. We evaluated the repeatability standard deviation (2SD) of the whole procedure at 0.5 ε unit.
Droplet digital recombinase polymerase amplification for multiplexed detection of human coronavirus
Authors: Choi Ji Wook , Seo Won Ho , Kang Taejoon , Kang Taewook , Chung Bong Geun
Published: April 2023

Multiplexed droplet digital recombinase polymerase amplification (MddRPA) for detection of pandemic diseases.
Unraveling the impact of template geometry and confinement on template-assisted self-assembly of nanoparticles
Authors: Luo Zhen , Mehraeen Shafigh
Published: April 2023

In templated self-assembly, nanoparticles are slotted far from and ahead of the receding contact line.
Recent advances in supramolecular self-assembly derived materials for high-performance supercapacitors
Authors: Cheng Honghong , Liu Ruliang , Zhang Ruyi , Huang Lan , Yuan Qiaoyi
Published: April 2023

Characteristics and advantages of supramolecular self assembly derived electrode materials and electrolytes for supercapacitors.
Unassisted stimulation of autotrophic ethanol bioproduction by visible light
Authors: Rao Wusheng , Kang Yu , Zheng Heng , Ye Muwei , Liu Ziru , Zhang Tian , Tremblay Pier-Luc
Published: April 2023

Visible light stimulates by itself ethanol bioproduction from CO2by acetogensviaO2-independent photoexcitation stress.
Correction: The reuse of electronic components from waste printed circuit boards: a critical review
Authors: Zhao Wenting , Xu Junqing , Fei Wenlei , Liu Ziang , He Wenzhi , Li Guangming
Published: April 2023

Correction for ‘The reuse of electronic components from waste printed circuit boards: a critical review’ by Wenting Zhao et al., Environ. Sci.: Adv., 2023, 2, 196–214, https://doi.org/10.1039/D2VA00266C.
Eliciting Stuttering in School-Age and Adolescent Stutterers in Experimental Settings
Authors: Goldfarb Jake H. , Orpella Joan , Jackson Eric S.
Published: April 2023

Purpose:

Most neural and physiological research on stuttering focuses on the fluent speech of speakers who stutter due to the difficulty associated with eliciting stuttering reliably in the laboratory. We previously introduced an approach to elicit stuttered speech in the laboratory in adults who stutter. The purpose of this study was to determine whether that approach reliably elicits stuttering in school-age children and teenagers who stutter (CWS/TWS).

Method:

Twenty-three CWS/TWS participated. A clinical interview was used to identify participant-specific anticipated and unanticipated words in CWS and TWS. Two tasks were administered: (a) a delayed word
reading
task in which participants read words and produced them after a 5-s delay and (b) a delayed response
question
task in which participants responded to examiner questions after a 5-s delay. Two CWS and eight TWS completed the reading task; six CWS and seven TWS completed the question task. Trials were coded as unambiguously fluent, ambiguous, and unambiguously stuttered.

Results:

The method yielded, at a group level, a near-equal distribution of unambiguously stuttered and fluent utterances: 42.5% and 45.1%, respectively, in the reading task and 40.5% and 51.4%, respectively, in the question task.

Conclusions:

The method presented in this article elicited a comparable amount of unambiguously stuttered and fluent trials in CWS and TWS, at a group level, during two different word production tasks. The inclusion of different tasks supports the generalizability of our approach, which can be used to elicit stuttering in studies that aim to unravel the neural and physiological bases that underlie stuttered speech.
A Pilot Assessment of Concurrent Validity and Comparative Reference Values for the Tongueometer Tongue Pressure Manometer
Authors: Gibbons Tasia , Abrams Sophia Werden , Mohsin Nazia , Guastella Rebekah , Oppedisano Stefania , Namasivayam-MacDonald Ashwini
Published: April 2023

Purpose:

Objective measures of lingual strength are used in both clinical practice and research to provide information regarding the ability of the tongue to contribute to safe and efficient swallowing. The Iowa Oral Performance Instrument (IOPI) is the most frequently used tongue pressure manometer and is considered to be the gold standard. The Tongueometer device was developed to circumvent IOPI shortcomings including bulb slippage, cost, and patient utility. As such, the aims of this pilot study were to examine the validity of the Tongueometer and to obtain comparative adult reference values.

Method:

Using the Tongueometer, participants completed three trials of anterior and posterior maximum isometric lingual pressure and regular effort saliva swallow tasks. Moreover, 41% of participants also completed all trials using the IOPI. Independent-samples
t
tests compared maximum means between the IOPI and Tongueometer. Concurrent validity was assessed using Lin's concordance correlations. Associations were evaluated using independent-samples
t
tests (sex) and Pearson correlation coefficient (age).

Results:

Seventy-six healthy participants (48 women, 28 men) with no history of swallowing difficulty were included in the study (
M
age
= 50 ± 21). Across all lingual pressure task measures, mean maximum Tongueometer measures strongly correlated with corresponding IOPI measures (anterior: concordance correlation coefficient [CCC] = 0.74,
p
< .000; posterior: CCC = 0.81,
p
< .000; swallow: CCC = 0.62,
p
< .000). Tongueometer and IOPI mean anterior maximum isometric lingual pressures were not statistically different, whereas posterior lingual pressures and pressures elicited during swallowing were statistically different (
p
< .01). A significant negative correlation was found between age and maximum anterior tongue pressure (
r
= −.43,
p
< .01). No significant association of sex on maximum tongue pressure was observed.

Conclusion:

Overall, this pilot research suggests that the Tongueometer is a valid tool for clinical use in measuring lingual strength and swallowing function.
Social media & uprisings: The case of the Egyptian revolution in 2011
Authors: Fakhry Baher , Tarabasz Anna , Selakovic Marko
Published: April 2023

The present exploratory study adopts the case of the 2011 Egyptian Uprising, as it is particularly illustrative of the climacteric impact of technology on past social and societal conflicts. The latter will be achieved through a systematic review of literature which examines the different ways through which social media was used, as well as the impact it had on facilitating social change with regards to the Egyptian Revolution.

The research problem aims to examine the different ways through which social media was used during the Egyptian Uprising, as well as the impact it had on facilitating social change. It caters to a discovery-oriented decision problem and focuses on revealing how social media influences social change while shedding light particularly on the 2011 Egyptian Revolution and the implications social media carried towards it.

The conducted exploratory study adequately demonstrates that social media is found to have an undeniable influence on social change, especially as it has been adopted across various phases of the uprising, including its utilization for the initial formation of communities, as well as for promoting the collective movement.

Findings of this study will be of great value to future academic studies, as it serves to depict social media as a mechanism of information dissemination in the Arab and/or non-Arab world, whilst correlating to the varied utilities of social media during times of crises and the impact it had on facilitating social change.
From perfect secrecy to perfect safety & security: Cryptography-based analysis of endogenous security
Authors: Jin Liang , Hu Xiaoyan , Wu Jiangxing
Published: April 2023

In this paper, we propose a conjecture that endogenous security without any prior knowledge is similar to perfect secrecy without any prior knowledge. To prove the conjecture, we first establish a cryptography model of instinct function security to transform the security problem in the network domain into an encryption problem in the cryptographic domain. Then, we inherit and apply the established ideas and means of Perfect Secrecy, and propose the concept, definition and corollaries of the perfect instinct function security (PIFS) corresponding to Perfect Secrecy. Furthermore, we take the DHR system as a concrete implementation of PIFS and propose the DHR Perfect Security Theorem corresponding to Shannon’s Perfect Secrecy Theorem. Finally, we prove that the DHR satisfying the “One-Time Reconstruction” constraint is the sufficient and necessary condition to achieve perfect security. This means that the existence of PIFS is also proven. The analysis shows that any reconfigurable system can be encrypted by its construct and that the PIFS converts the one-way transparent superiority of the attacker into a double-blind problem for both the attacker and the defender, which leads to that the attacker is impossible to obtain useful construction information from the attacks and unable to find a better way than blind trial-and-error or brute-force attacks. Since the attackers are required to have the new powerful ability to crack the structure cryptogram, the threshold of cyber security is raised to at least the same level as cryptogram deciphering, thereafter the ubiquitous cyber threats are destined to be significantly reduced.
Einführung eines Informationsabends für prädialytische Patienten
Authors: Nußbaumer Eleonore
Published: April 2023

Der prädialytische Informationsabend soll helfen, die Vorteile der Peritonealdialyse (PD) für Patienten in der prädialytischen Phase aufzuzeigen, um sie als Erstlinientherapie zu empfehlen. Ziel der Einführung des prädialytischen Abends am Dialysezentrum (DTZ) Waldshut war es, die Akzeptanz gegenüber der PD zu verbessern – als ein gleichwertiges Nierenersatzverfahren im Vergleich zur Hämodialyse (HD).

Die vorliegende Arbeit ging der Frage nach, ob die Rate an PD durch die prädialytische Veranstaltung erhöht werden kann. Von den 15 Patienten mit ihren Angehörigen nahmen 12 Patienten an einer Umfrage vor und nach der Veranstaltung teil. Nach der Veranstaltung entschieden sich 8 % für die HD, 33 % blieben unentschieden und 59 % wählten die PD als Therapie. Somit konnte die Akzeptanz der Peritonealdialyse signifikant verbessert werden. Die Veranstaltung vermittelte einen deutlichen Wissenszuwachs bezüglich aller Nierenersatzverfahren und es zeigte sich, dass Ängste und Verunsicherungen bei den Patienten und deren Angehörigen stark abnahmen. Bei der Wahl des bevorstehenden Nierenersatzverfahrens konnten die Patienten in ihrer Entscheidung positiv unterstützt werden. Zum nächsten prädialytischen Informationsabend werden künftig die Patienten eingeladen, welche ein hohes Risiko für eine schnelle Progredienz haben. Bei einer glomerulären Filtrationsrate (GFR) von über 22 ml/min/1,73 m² ist ein Gespräch mit dem Patienten über das bevorstehende Nierenersatzverfahren je nach Dynamik und Erkrankungsverlauf noch nicht aktuell.
Leitliniengerechte Tumortherapie ergänzt um komplementäre Verfahren
Authors: Babadag-Savas Burcu , Baydakov Julia , Boyen Johanna , Ehrlich Steve , Isfort Maike , Mackenrodt Svea , Märtens Bettina , Meyer-Bothling Beate , Meyer Heike , Protte Gudrun , Sander Annette , Steinmann Diana ,   Klaus-Bahlsen-Zentrum für Integrative Onkologie im Comprehensive Cancer Center (CCC) der Medizinischen Hochschule in Hannover (MHH)
Published: April 2023

Das Klaus-Bahlsen-Zentrum für Integrative Onkologie (KBZ) ist organisatorisch dem Comprehensive Cancer Center (CCC) der Medizinischen Hochschule Hannover (MHH) zugeordnet. Durch die finanzielle Unterstützung der Rut- und Klaus-Bahlsen-Stiftung (RKBS) konnte das Zentrum initiiert und innerhalb der MHH ausgebaut werden. Die bisherigen Einzelprojekte in der onkologischen Komplementärmedizin, die naturheilkundliche Beratung, Gruppenangebote sowie pflegerische Anwendungen wurden im Zentrum zusammengeführt und durch weitere Angebote und Forschungsthemen in der Psychoonkologie, Rehabilitation, Sportmedizin, Ernährungsmedizin und Pflegeforschung ergänzt. Mittlerweile sind im KBZ zwölf Mitarbeitende verschiedener Professionen tätig, die die Patient*innen leitlinienorientiert beraten und mit wissenschaftlich anerkannten Methoden behandeln. Das KBZ stärkt so mit seinen Angeboten und Aktivitäten die ganzheitliche Behandlung von Krebspatient*innen.
Imaging Approach to Portal Hypertension
Authors: Augustine Antony , John Reetu , Simon Betty , Chandramohan Anuradha , Keshava Shyamkumar N. , Eapen Anu
Published: April 2023

Increase in portal venous pressure (termed portal hypertension) is seen in a variety of liver diseases. Imaging tests are useful to detect portal hypertension and identify its cause. Noninvasive tests like abdominal ultrasound and Doppler studies are routinely done in clinical practice for this indication. Cross-sectional studies like computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging are especially useful to delineate morphological abnormalities in the liver. Invasive tests like assessment of hepatic venous pressure gradient are done less frequently for specific indications. Distinctive imaging findings help differentiate the different causes of portal hypertension like cirrhosis and vascular liver disorders like noncirrhotic portal hypertension, extrahepatic portal venous obstruction, and Budd–Chiari syndrome. Radiological interventions are increasingly used to treat complications of portal hypertension like refractory ascites or refractory bleeding from gastroesophageal varices.
Imaging Features of Rare Hepatic Tumors
Authors: Vikram Raghunandan , Sarna Achal , Stanietzky Nir
Published: April 2023

Hepatic lesions are commonly encountered in radiology practice. Lesions with classic imaging findings such as hepatocellular carcinoma, cholangiocarcinoma, hemangiomas, focal nodular hyperplasia, and adenomas are well described in literature and easily diagnosed by most experienced radiologists. In the appropriate context, metastases, which are one of the most common lesions encountered by radiologists who practice in predominantly cancer care settings, are also easily diagnosed. However, one may encounter rarer neoplasms which may be challenging to diagnose and manage. Often, these lesions have overlapping imaging features with those of the common lesions mentioned above. Diagnosis of these rarer tumors would require not only interpreting the images in the context of patient's demographics and clinical presentation but also recognizing the unique imaging features of these tumors. The literature is sparse in describing the radiological appearances of these tumors. Diagnosis based solely on imaging criteria is not advised in these instances. Histological confirmation or other prudent follow-up strategies are necessary for confirmation of imaging findings and interpretation. In this article, we will describe known imaging features of a few rarer primary malignant and benign neoplasms in the liver.
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease and Work: The Continuing Narrative
Authors: Fishwick David , Barber Chris , Wiggans Ruth
Published: April 2023

It has long been recognized that harmful inhaled workplace exposures can contribute to the development of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). This article, intended for the clinician, summarizes some of this evidence and some areas of controversy. Current estimates based on pooled epidemiological analyses of population-based studies identify that approximately 14% of the burden of COPD (and 13% of the burden of chronic bronchitis) is attributable to such exposures. In addition to these approaches, various studies implicate specific exposures as contributing. Certain of these relating to cadmium, coal, and respirable crystalline silica are discussed in more detail. Despite this amassed evidence to date supporting associations between COPD and workplace exposures, there have been surprisingly few studies that have attempted to assess the attribution by experts of an occupational cause in cases of COPD. One study, using hypothetical cases of COPD, noted that while expert physicians were willing to make such an occupational link, this was only likely in cases with light smoking histories and a priori defined heavy occupational exposures. Relatively recent data relating to computed tomography (CT) scan appearances may give the clinician a further guide. Several studies from populations have now linked potentially harmful occupational exposures specifically with the presence of emphysema on CT scanning. It will be of interest to see if this finding, along with other clinical attributes of cases such as smoking and family histories, exclusion of asthma, genetic data, and the nature of workplace exposures, will increase the future diagnosis by clinicians of occupational COPD. In the interim, while better diagnostic approaches are developed, we suggest that consideration of an occupational cause is an important part of the clinical investigation of cases of COPD. Finally, we suggest that evidence-based workplace preventive strategies for occupational COPD should be informed by knowledge of which exposures are most important to reduce, and whether and when intervention to reduce exposure at an individual worker level is warranted.
Prevalence of Glucose-6-Phosphate Dehydrogenase Deficiency in Male Newborn Infants and Its Relationship with Neonatal Jaundice in Thailand
Authors: Paopongsawan Pongsatorn , Kiatchoosakun Pakaphan , Jirapradittha Junya , Chopchoen Mukrawee
Published: April 2023

Objective The study aimed to explore the prevalence of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G-6-PD) deficiency among male newborn infants in northeastern Thailand and its relationship with neonatal jaundice (NJ).

Study Design This prospective cohort study included male newborn infants with gestational age (GA) ≥35 weeks born between July 1, 2019, and March 1, 2021. Cord blood was sent for G-6-PD fluorescent spot test (FST) and results were reported as normal, partial, or complete deficiency. Infants with NJ would have blood tested for total serum bilirubin (TSB) level and other possible causes of NJ. Duration of phototherapy, length of hospital stays, and complications were documented.

Results There were 922 male infants included in this study with 854 (93.1%) term and 63 (6.9%) preterm infants. FST showed 132 infants (14.4%) had G-6-PD deficiency. Incidence of NJ was significantly higher among infants with G-6-PD deficiency compared with infants with normal G-6-PD level (47.7 vs. 25.8%; relative risk [RR]: 2.62, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.79–3.82; p < 0.001). Regardless of G-6-PD level, preterm infants had significantly higher incidence of NJ than term infants (52.4 vs. 27.3%; RR: 2.93, 95% CI: 1.75–4.92; p < 0.001). Duration of phototherapy was significantly longer in infants with G-6-PD deficiency with NJ but hospital stays were similar. Infants with combined G-6-PD deficiency and other causes of hemolysis did not have higher TSB level than infants with isolated G-6-PD deficiency. Risk factors associated with NJ were G-6-PD deficiency and preterm infants, whereas more advance GA was associated with reduced risk for NJ.

Conclusion G-6-PD deficiency and preterm infants were important risk factors for NJ. Routine G-6-PD screening, close monitoring for signs of NJ in infant with risks, and appropriate parental counseling should be implemented.

Key Points
Allgemeine Geschäftsbedingungen: Verträge per E-Mail und Telefon im nationalen Rechtsverkehr
Authors: Becker Jörn
Published: April 2023

Allgemeine Geschäftsbedingungen (AGB) werden im Einkaufsalltag oft vernachlässigt. Allerdings schreiben sie häufig nicht nur Selbstverständlichkeiten fest. Bei nicht planmäßig verlaufenden Kaufvertragsabwicklungen leisten sie für den Verwender eine wertvolle Hilfestellung.
Medikamente: Die Abgabe von Fertigarzneimitteln an ambulante Patienten ist umsatzsteuerfrei
Authors: Lisson Stefanie
Published: April 2023

Der Erlass der Finanzverwaltung vom Dezember 2022 bringt Klarheit. Die Steuerbefreiung der Medikamentenabgabe wird auf alle steuerlich noch offenen Fälle angewendet.
Modeling of a spatially resolved ion temperature diagnostic for inertial confinement fusion
Authors: Danly C. R. , Birge N. , Geppert-Kleinrath V. , Haines B. M. , Ivancic S. , Jorgenson H. J. , Katz J. , Merrill F. E. , Mendoza E. F. , Sorce A. , Tafoya L. R. , Volegov P. L. , Wilde C. H. , Wilson D. C.
Published: April 2023

The performance of modern laser-driven inertial confinement fusion (ICF) experiments is degraded by contamination of the deuterium–tritium (DT) fuel with high-Z material during compression. Simulations suggest that this mix can be described by the ion temperature distribution of the implosion, given that such contaminants deviate in temperature from the surrounding DT plasma. However, existing neutron time-of-flight (nTOF) diagnostics only measure the spatially integrated ion temperature. This paper describes the techniques and forward modeling used to develop a novel diagnostic imaging system to measure the spatially resolved ion temperature of an ICF implosion for the first time. The technique combines methods in neutron imaging and nTOF diagnostics to measure the ion temperature along one spatial dimension at yields currently achievable on the OMEGA laser. A detailed forward model of the source and imaging system was developed to guide instrument design. The model leverages neutron imaging reconstruction algorithms, radiation hydrodynamics and Monte Carlo simulations, optical ray tracing, and more. The results of the forward model agree with the data collected on OMEGA using the completed diagnostic. The analysis of the experimental data is still ongoing and will be discussed in a separate publication.
Experimental study of the edge radial electric field in different drift configurations and its role in the access to H-mode at ASDEX Upgrade
Authors: Plank U. , Brida D. , Conway G. D. , Happel T. , Hubbard A. E. , Pütterich T. , Angioni C. , Cavedon M. , Dux R. , Eich T. , Fischer R. , Hennequin P. ,   ASDEX Upgrade Team
Published: April 2023

The formation of the equilibrium radial electric field (Er) has been studied experimentally at ASDEX Upgrade (AUG) in L-modes of “favorable” (ion ∇ B-drift toward primary X-point) and “unfavorable” (ion ∇ B-drift away from primary X-point) drift configurations, in view of its impact on H-mode access, which changes with drift configurations. Edge electron and ion kinetic profiles and impurity velocity and mean-field Er profiles across the separatrix are investigated, employing new and improved measurement techniques. The experimental results are compared to local neoclassical theory as well as to a simple 1D scrape-off layer (SOL) model. It is found that in L-modes of matched heating power and plasma density, the upstream SOL Er and the main ion pressure gradient in the plasma edge are the same for either drift configurations, whereas the Er well in the confined plasma is shallower in unfavorable compared to the favorable drift configuration. The contributions of toroidal and poloidal main ion flows to Er, which are inferred from local neoclassical theory and the experiment, cannot account for these observed differences. Furthermore, it is found that in the L-mode, the intrinsic toroidal edge rotation decreases with increasing collisionality and it is co-current in the banana-plateau regime for all different drift configurations at AUG. This gives rise to a possible interaction of parallel Pfirsch–Schlüter flows in the SOL with the confined plasma. Thus, the different H-mode power threshold for the two drift configurations cannot be explained in the same way at AUG as suggested by LaBombard et al. [Phys. Plasmas 12, 056111 (2005)] for Alcator C-Mod. Finally, comparisons of Er profiles in favorable and unfavorable drift configurations at the respective confinement transitions show that also the Er gradients are all different, which indirectly indicates a different type or strength of the characteristic edge turbulence in the two drift configurations.
Study of stationary rigidly rotating anisotropic cylindrical fluids with new exact interior solutions of GR. III. Azimuthal pressure
Authors: Célérier M.-N.
Published: April 2023

The investigation of interior spacetimes sourced by stationary cylindrical anisotropic fluids is pursued and specialized here to rigidly rotating fluids with an azimuthally directed pressure. Based on the occurrence of an extra degree of freedom in the equations, two general methods for constructing different classes of exact solutions to the field equations are proposed. Exemplifying such recipes, a bunch of solutions are constructed. Axisymmetry and regularity conditions on the axis are examined, and the spacetimes are properly matched to a vacuum exterior. A number of classes and subclasses are thus studied, and an analysis of their features leads to sorting out three classes whose appropriate mathematical and physical properties are discussed. This work is part of a larger study of the influence of anisotropic pressure in general relativity, using cylindrical symmetry as a simplifying assumption, and considering, in turn, each principal stress direction. It has been initiated in companion Papers I and II, where the pressure was assumed to be axially directed, and is followed by Paper IV considering radial pressure and Paper V contrasting the previous results with the corresponding dust and perfect fluid solutions.
Monotonic multi-state quantum f-divergences
Authors: Furuya Keiichiro , Lashkari Nima , Ouseph Shoy
Published: April 2023

We use the Tomita–Takesaki modular theory and the Kubo–Ando operator mean to write down a large class of multi-state quantum f-divergences and prove that they satisfy the data processing inequality. For two states, this class includes the (α, z)-Rényi divergences, the f-divergences of Petz, and the Rényi Belavkin-Staszewski relative entropy as special cases. The method used is the interpolation theory of non-commutative Lωp spaces, and the result applies to general von Neumann algebras, including the local algebra of quantum field theory. We conjecture that these multi-state Rényi divergences have operational interpretations in terms of the optimal error probabilities in asymmetric multi-state quantum state discrimination.
The competing effects of wave amplitude and collisions on multi-ion species suppression of stimulated Brillouin scattering in inertial confinement fusion Hohlraums
Authors: Berger R. L. , Arrighi W. , Chapman T. , Dimits A. , Banks J. W. , Brunner S.
Published: April 2023

Reduction in stimulated Brillouin scattering (SBS) from National Ignition Facility Hohlraums has been predicted through the use of multi-ion species materials on Hohlraum walls. This approach to controlling SBS is based upon introducing a lighter ion species to the heavier ion species Hohlraum wall in order to greatly increase the ion Landau damping of ion acoustic waves (IAWs). In a collisionless plasma, if the IAWs driven by SBS reach sufficient amplitudes, this increased damping is reduced or even eliminated by ion trapping in the IAWs. Here, the nonlinear behavior of IAWs is simulated with a multi-ion species Vlasov code, including interspecies ion–ion collisions, self-collisions, and electron–ion pitch-angle collisions. The effect of collisions on the trapping of ions and electrons in a large-amplitude IAW is studied in a regime of relevance to current Inertial Confinement Fusion experiments. Our simulations show that collisions can scatter trapped particles out of resonance with the IAW, suppressing trapping and helping to maintain an effective Landau damping of the IAW. The IAW amplitude required to trap particles in the presence of strong collisions is estimated analytically. These estimates are tested for strongly damped IAWs in tantalum oxide and pure helium plasmas. Our simulations show that, above a threshold amplitude, the damping is reduced by an amount inversely proportional to the wave amplitude. Thus, the success of controlling SBS using a multispecies plasma may depend sensitively on laser power and pulse length.