bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Avatar identification mediates the relationship between peer phubbing and mobile game addiction
Authors: Hao Lujie , Lv Qinghua , Zhang Xiaosan , Jiang Qingquan , Ping Lin
Published: October 2020

We investigated the relationship between snubbing a peer in favor of using a cell phone (phubbing) and mobile game addiction by introducing avatar identification as a mediator, and feelings of social exclusion and perception of belonging as moderators. Participants were 530 Chinese
mobile game users who completed a survey comprising measures of peer phubbing, avatar identification, feelings of social exclusion, perception of belonging, and mobile game addiction. Results were as follows: (a) peer phubbing affected mobile game addiction through avatar identification; (b)
feelings of social exclusion moderated the relationship between peer phubbing and avatar identification, and the mediating role of avatar identification in this link; and (c) perception of belonging was linked to the relationship between peer phubbing and feelings of social exclusion, affecting
avatar identification and the mediating role of avatar identification in this link. Our results demonstrate the impact mechanism of peer phubbing on mobile game addiction and provide a new perspective on mobile game addiction prevention.
Effects of online service failure on customers' intentions to complain online
Authors: Xu Xing'an , Wang Luqi , Wang Lilei , Xue Kaini
Published: October 2020

Dissatisfied customers are increasingly voicing complaints through social media following online service failures; therefore, it is important to clarify the motivational determinants of customers' online complaint intentions (COCI). We investigated in 3 studies the influence and interaction
effects of service failure types, attributions about these failures, scope of impact of the failures, and customer inoculation on both public and private online complaint intentions. Participants were 451 college students from Hainan Province, China. The results show that service failure types,
service failure attributions, scope of impact of the service failure, and customer inoculation each had distinct effects on COCI and how customers complain online, and that these factors also had interactive effects on online complaint actions. Our finding that the form of COCI can predict
service failure attributes offers implications for the implementation of enterprise service recovery from a consumer perspective.
The effects of optimism on self-framing and risky decision making
Authors: Zhang Ran , Zhao Luming , Wu Lin , Chen Hongxu , Zhou Gaoxing , Zhang Xiaoqing , Fang Peng , Liu Xufeng
Published: October 2020

The framing effect is a key topic that has been insufficiently studied in research on behavioral decision making. In our study we explored the effects of optimism on self-framing and risky decision making. Participants were 416 undergraduates who responded to the Life Orientation Test
and a self-framing test based on the Asian disease problem. The results demonstrate that, compared with people low in optimism, highly optimistic individuals tended to use more positive words to describe problems, generate more positive frames, and choose more risky options. There was also
a significant self-framing effect: Participants with a negative frame tended to be risk-seeking, whereas those with a positive frame tended to avoid risks. Additionally, selfframing suppressed the effect of optimism on risky decision making. We can conclude that optimism has significant effects
on self-framing and risky decision making.
Empresariamento urbano, turismo e megaeventos: um estudo de caso em Lyon (França)
Authors: Körössy Nathália , Leal Suely Maria Ribeiro , Cordeiro Itamar José Dias e
Published: October 2020

No contexto de empresariamento das cidades, novas atividades econômicas são estimuladas, incluindo aquelas relacionadas ao mercado financeiro, ao setor imobiliário, ao de serviços em geral e ao setor turístico. Com o objetivo de analisar de que forma o desenvolvimento da atividade turística contribui para o empresariamento urbano, esta pesquisa teve como foco a política local de captação de megaeventos, em que o objeto do estudo de caso foi a cidade francesa de Lyon. Trata-se de uma pesquisa de natureza descritiva e explicativa, com uma abordagem qualitativa na coleta e no tratamento dos dados. Foram realizadas entrevistas com gestores municipais de Lyon, além de pesquisa documental e de observações in loco durante 2015 e 2017. Como resultado, verificou-se que a captação de megaeventos é considerada uma questão estratégica da agenda urbana lyonnaise, e é uma das principais vias escolhidas para afirmação da metrópole no cenário internacional. O turismo é um dos principais argumentos que justificam esse tipo de decisão.
Studying the Slow Induction of Chlorophyll Fluorescence for Separation Tomato Fruits by their Maturity
Authors: Sudnik Yuriy A. , Abdelkhamid Makhmud Abdelkhamid
Published: October 2020

The maturity of tomatoes serves as a basic parameter that determines their quality. Available maturity monitoring tools allow to measure the reflection coefficients of light from the surfaces of tomato fruits at certain wavelengths. These devices have the disadvantage of insufficient reliability in assessing the stages of maturity of tomatoes, they do not take into account their internal quality and structure. (Research purpose) The research purpose is in studying the dependence of the maturity of tomatoes on the level of slow induction of chlorophyll fluorescence. (Materials and methods) The article proposes a new method for separating tomato fruits according to their maturity, eliminating the inaccuracies of existing methods, based on the physical phenomenon of slow induction of chlorophyll fluorescence. During the experiment, three botanical varieties of tomatoes with different colors of mature fruits were used: “Alcazar” (red); “Wild rose” (pink); “Orange” (yellow). Five levels of maturity of single-sized tomato fruits were selected for each variety. Authors performed a variance analysis and comparison of the average values for the Duncan criterion with the significance level at α ≤ 0.05 using statistical analysis of the SPSS V. 20 software. (Results and discussion) The article presents general pattern for these tomato varieties: as the fruit matures, the value of their maximum fluorescence induction Fm and the coefficient of specific photosynthetic activity of tomatoes Kf decreases. The differences between the maturation stages with Fm and Kf are statistically significant at α ≤ 0.05. Regardless of the botanical variety, there are high negative correlations obtained for parameters of slow chlorophyll fluorescence induction, such as Fm and Kf with maturity. (Conclusions) The dependence of the decrease in the maximum fluorescence levels of chlorophyll with an increase in the maturity of tomato fruits was found. The proposed method allows to reliably separate tomato fruits with any color of mature fruits.
Determination of Chicken Egg Parameters by Optical-Electronic Method
Authors: Lebedev Dmitriy V. , Yanshin Artyom V. , Rozhkov Evgeniy A.
Published: October 2020

Poultry farms in Russia use machines for sorting chicken eggs, which determine the category by weight. Eggs are ovoscoping, that is, the evaluation of the main parameters of the egg contents: the condition of air cell, position of yolk and protein density. The category is assigned based on the worst indicator. During ovoscoping, the device receives only part of the image of the shell, which reduces the accuracy of category assigning and it is not possible to fully check the shell of a chicken egg for the microcracks. (Research purpose) The research purpose is in improving the optoelectronic device for sorting chicken eggs, which will detect microcracks on the shell, as well as improve the accuracy of category assigning. (Materials and methods) The article presents a device for sorting chicken eggs. (Results and discussion) This device was upgraded by adding a camera and changing the distribution mechanism. The improved installation works as follows: a chicken egg is fed via a conveyor to a switchgear that has holes with clips; when the disk is rotated, the product is scanned with two cameras. The resulting image is fed to a computer, where using the algorithm "recognition of alfalfa seed parameters", the main parameters of the egg are calculated and a category for the product is assigned. Authors obtained a complete image of the surface of a chicken egg and determined the presence of microcracks on the shell. (Conclusions) The algorithm used requires several additional calculations to determine the state of the air chamber, the position of the yolk and protein density, and microcracks on the surface of the shell.
Increase in Live Weight of Bred Poultry During Air Purification with a Combined Recirculator
Authors: Dovlatov Igor’ M. , Yuferev Leonid Yu.
Published: October 2020

The article presents analyzed studies related to the effect of air purity on the increase in live weight of bred poultry, as well as the results of field experience in vivariums with live poultry. (Research purpose) The research purpose is in studying the effect of air purification by a combined recirculator on the increase in live weight of bred poultry. (Materials and methods) Joint tests with the Stavropol State Agrarian University were carried out. The article compares developed “ArUF” recirculator with feed-ozonizer “O|UF” (developed earlier in FSAC VIM) to influence the microorganisms and the standards of maximum permissible concentration at the contamination of the air environment inside the vivarium, change in live weight of birds from improved microclimate due to the work of developed recirculator at a given exposure time of 1 hour of work time and two hours of break during the whole day. The article presents a description of the developed installation for combined disinfection in two ways, as well as the effect of it on poultry. (Results and discussion) A review of the efficiency of processing premises with these methods and the impact on poultry are presented in the article. The treatment of premises not only reduces the concentration of microorganisms, but also leads to an increase in the growth of additional poultry mass. The use of the considered methods of disinfection does not allow to achieve 100 percent disinfection of the premises. The use of a combined installation leads to an increase in the additional mass of poultry by 7 percent compared to the use of ultraviolet radiation alone. (Conclusions) The combined effect allows to get higher indicators for the growth of live weight in poultry, this result is achieved by increasing the efficiency of air disinfection from pathogenic microflora.
Two-Phase Short Circuit in the Power Grid Powered by a Transformer with a Y/Δ-11 Winding Connection
Authors: Serebryakov Aleksandr S. , Osokin Vladimir L. , Kapustkin Sergey A.
Published: October 2020

The article describes main provisions and relations for calculating short-circuit currents and phase currents in a three-phase traction transformer with a star-triangle-11 connection of windings, which feeds two single-phase loads in AC traction networks with a nominal voltage of 25 kilovolts. These transformers provide power to the enterprises of the agro-industrial complex located along the railway line. (Research purpose) The research purpose is in substantiating theoretical equations for digital intelligent relay protection in two-phase short circuits. (Materials and methods) It was found that since the sum of instantaneous currents in each phase is zero, each phase of the transformer works independently. We found that this significantly simplifies the task of analyzing processes with a two-phase short circuit. In this case, the problem of calculating short-circuit currents in the traction network can be simplified by reducing it to the calculation of an ordinary electric circuit with three unknown currents. (Results and discussion) The article describes equations for calculating short-circuit resistances for one phase of the transformer when connecting the secondary winding as a star or a triangle. The currents in the phases of the transformer winding at short circuit for the star-triangle-11 and star-star-with-ground schemes are compared. It was found that when calculating short-circuit currents, there is no need to convert the secondary winding of the traction transformer from a triangle to a star. (Conclusions) It was found that the results of the research can be used in the transition of relay protection systems from electromagnetic relays to modern high-speed digital devices, which will increase the operational reliability of power supply systems for traction and non-traction power consumers.
Modernization of "Oka" Vehicle into "Oka-E" Electric Vehicle for Needs of Farmer on Organization and Control of Technological Processes
Authors: Gusarov Valentin A. , Yuferev Leonid Yu. , Roshchin Oleg A. , Sporov Anton P.
Published: October 2020

The increase in agricultural production is directly related to the ability to organize technological processes, total control over production and quality of products. With this organization of production, the farmer must personally monitor the quality of products, compliance with technological processes, compliance with equipment and fire safety in production. (Research purpose) The research purpose is in an analytical review of existing Russian and foreign analogues, selecting technological operations of the proposed development, considering an experimental model of an electric car developed by scientists at the Federal Scientific Agroengineering Center VIM, developing and studying the kinematic scheme of a vehicle with an electric drive for agricultural purposes. (Materials and methods) The article presents a selected asynchronous motor for agricultural transport, a frequency controller, an electrical diagram of the charger, a comparison and selected batteries, conducted experimental research. (Results and discussion) The article presents a car converted from petrol fuel into an electric. The article describes the motor control system. The electric car has the ability to charge batteries from a standard 220 volt electrical network, as well as from a home solar power plant, which allows to significantly reduce costs. (Conclusions) The electric car can be used in closed premises of agricultural enterprises without polluting them. The low noise level has a positive effect on the condition of animals, which is important for the production of meat and milk. The electric car for agricultural purposes is easy to maintain and has a longer service life compared to its petrol counterparts. The "Oka-E" electric car has a good maximal speed and a comparative durability of the electric motor.
Dependence of Air Temperature, Enclosing Structures and Floor in Livestock Premises
Authors: Kuz’michev Aleksey V. , Tikhomirov Dmitriy A.
Published: October 2020

The comfort of the animals is determined by temperature factors, such as air temperature, radiation temperature of the room and floor. For a reasonable technical decision on the choice of power equipment for creating normal conditions for keeping animals, it is necessary to identify possible variations in the temperature parameters of the environment in the animal housing zone. (Research purpose) The research purpose is in considering the models for calculating heat losses to the ground and determining the limit values for changes in floor temperature in areas where animals are housed. (Materials and methods) The article presents the studied physical model of heat transfer. The article presents the boundaries of changes in floor temperature in the areas of animal keeping in livestock premises. (Results and discussion) The thermal mode of a room depends on the climatic conditions that affect the state of the internal environment through the enclosing structures and ventilation, and technical factors, as the building structure, the size and thermal insulation properties of fences, heating. There are many types of designs of livestock premises for various purposes, and therefore it is necessary to conduct an additional assessment of the floor surface temperature. The engineering method of calculating the floor surface temperature determines the temperature in the room at known current values, and allows to predict the thermal state of the floor surfaces in the locations of animals. (Conclusions) Meteorological conditions and construction of buildings, thermal insulation properties of fences, thermal characteristics of the soil, floor insulation affect the temperature mode in the room. For buildings with lightweight structures of walls and ceilings, the surface temperature affects the thermal mode of floors in the room.
Planning and Conducting a Screening Experiment for Studying the Electrical Conductivity of Water under Electrohydraulic Shock
Authors: Musenko Andrey A. , Belov Aleksandr A.
Published: October 2020

From the analytical review, it was found that there are 12 factors that affect the composition of water for preparing a nutrient solution of protected ground: water pH, nitrates, nitrites, water color, electrode material, chamber volume, electrode area, macronutrients, microelements, water source, water treatment time (solution) and pathogenic microflora. (Research purpose) The research purpose is in design of an experiment plan and conducting it, searching for significant factors. (Materials and methods) There are three introduced fictitious factors for the Plakett-Berman plan, so the number of experiments was 16. Equi-plus (liquid) was added to regulate the pH of water, calcium nitrate (granules) was added to increase nitrates, and nitrites were increased by sodium nitrate (granules). (Results and discussion) The color of water was determined using the analytical center for water quality of Ecodar, the volume of water was regulated by a scale in the working body, the area of the electrodes was changed by replacing one element with another. The amount of macronutrients were varied with granules of iron chelate, micronutrients were varied by granules of boric acid, the processing time of the electrohydraulic setup was controlled by a mechanical stopwatch, pathogenic microflora of water was measured using the appliance EnSURE hygiene, the water conductivity is measured by ATLANT 1212. The variance coefficient was calculated and the T-test was used to determine the significance of the factors. (Conclusions) During the experiment of the Plakett-Berman plan for screening, significant factors for the response of electrical conductivity are: the presence of macronutrients; the presence of pathogenic microflora. It is impractical to discard the pH factor, as it does not affect the amount of electrical conductivity of the solution.
Mathematical Model of Temperature Changes in Heating Media
Authors: Novikov Andrey A. , Grebenshchikov Nikolay I. , Shilin Denis V.
Published: October 2020

Climate conditions on the territory of Russia require heating of residential, public and industrial buildings. The regional variety of temperature modes distinguishes it from most countries of the world. Heat supply in terms of primary fuel and energy resources consumption is the largest segment in the country’s energy supply. Russia ranks first in the world in terms of the scale of heat supply: the volume of heat production, the development of heating, the length of heat networks, and fuel consumption for heat production. Development of modern, energy-efficient heat generating plants is required. Heat supply to agriculture in the Russian Federation lags behind the developed countries by 2-3 times. Various methods and equipment are being developed to reduce energy consumption in thermal processes. The most important task of developing and modernizing energy system and electrifying agriculture is to increase the energy efficiency of energy supply systems based on rational and reliable energy supply. A promising solution in the field of energy saving in agriculture is the use of heat pumps. (Research purpose) The research purpose is in creating a mathematical model of temperature changes in heat carriers. (Materials and methods) Authors used the Newton method for nonlinear systems of equations. The article presents the derivatives of the obtained functions of the system. (Results and discussion) The article presents the graph of the temperature distribution during heat transfer and a graph of changes in the temperature of heat carriers along the heat exchange surface. (Conclusions) The article presents a mathematical model suitable for studying the temperature distribution during heat transfer between two or more heat carriers, which can be recommended for engineering calculations. The convergence of the tangent method is achieved in no more than six iterations, regardless of the initial conditions; the accuracy of calculations is 0.1 percent. A static error is of 5-10 percent in mathematical modeling.
DESIGN AND IMPLEMENTATION OF WEB SERVICES FOR THE INTEGRATION OF INFORMATION SYSTEMS FOR THE DISTRIBUTION OF COVID-19 CASES
Authors: Ridwan Ridwan , Maisura Mira
Published: October 2020

Several terms are used by the Government to collect data on the spread of covid-19's cases, namely People Under Surveillance (ODP), Patients Under Supervision (PDP), dead and positively infected. The Aceh government provides information on the spread of the covid-19 case through the official website media. Data of the cases are displayed daily based on the reports from districts / cities. District / city governments provide information based on reports from hospitals, health centers and from existing posts in each village. The unavailability of a data collection information system that can be used jointly in recording the spread of Covid-19 cases can lead to data duplication, because data collection is carried out according to individual needs. To overcome this problem, it is necessary to design and build a dissemination information system that can be used jointly between the village posts, sub-district offices, community health center (puskesmas) and hospitals. This research produces a website-based information system prototype for data collection on the spread of Covid-19 cases and API data services in the form of REST web services. Web Services are built using REST web services that generate request and response data using the JSON data format. The web services built can be used for integration with district / city and provincial government information systems, so that data changes can occur in real time.
Glucose Sensing Mediated by Portal Glucagon-Like Peptide 1 Receptor Is Markedly Impaired in Insulin-Resistant Obese Animals
Authors: Malbert Charles-Henri , Chauvin Alain , Horowitz Michael , Jones Karen L.
Published: October 2020

The glucose portal sensor informs the brain of changes in glucose inflow through vagal afferents that require an activated glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor (GLP-1r). The GLP-1 system is known to be impaired in insulin-resistant conditions, and we sought to understand the consequences of GLP-1 resistance on glucose portal signaling. GLP-1–dependent portal glucose signaling was identified, in vivo, using a novel 68Ga-labeled GLP-1r positron-emitting probe that supplied a quantitative in situ tridimensional representation of the portal sensor with specific reference to the receptor density expressed in binding potential units. It also served as a map for single-neuron electrophysiology driven by an image-based abdominal navigation. We determined that in insulin-resistant animals, portal vagal afferents failed to inhibit their spiking activity during glucose infusion, a GLP-1r–dependent function. This reflected a reduction in portal GLP-1r binding potential, particularly between the splenic vein and the entrance of the liver. We propose that insulin resistance, through a reduction in GLP-1r density, leads to functional portal desensitization with a consequent suppression of vagal sensitivity to portal glucose.
Connectivity Mapping Identifies BI-2536 as a Potential Drug to Treat Diabetic Kidney Disease
Authors: Zhang Lu , Wang Zichen , Liu Ruijie , Li Zhengzhe , Lin Jennifer , Wojciechowicz Megan L. , Huang Jiyi , Lee Kyung , Ma’ayan Avi , He John Cijiang
Published: October 2020

Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) remains the most common cause of kidney failure, and the treatment options are insufficient. Here, we used a connectivity mapping approach to first collect 15 gene expression signatures from 11 DKD-related published independent studies. Then, by querying the Library of Integrated Network-based Cellular Signatures (LINCS) L1000 data set, we identified drugs and other bioactive small molecules that are predicted to reverse these gene signatures in the diabetic kidney. Among the top consensus candidates, we selected a PLK1 inhibitor (BI-2536) for further experimental validation. We found that PLK1 expression was increased in the glomeruli of both human and mouse diabetic kidneys and localized largely in mesangial cells. We also found that BI-2536 inhibited mesangial cell proliferation and extracellular matrix in vitro and ameliorated proteinuria and kidney injury in DKD mice. Further pathway analysis of the genes predicted to be reversed by the PLK1 inhibitor was of members of the TNF-α/NF-κB, JAK/STAT, and TGF-β/Smad3 pathways. In vitro, either BI-2536 treatment or knockdown of PLK1 dampened the NF-κB and Smad3 signal transduction and transcriptional activation. Together, these results suggest that the PLK1 inhibitor BI-2536 should be further investigated as a novel therapy for DKD.
PENINGKATAN LITERASI KEUANGAN DI KAMPUNG MAKAN RAFEL’S JAKARTA BARAT
Authors: PARANITA EKAYANA SANGKASARI
Published: October 2020

Kampung Makan Rafel's is a food court with the capacity of seven tenants in West Jakarta. The position of Kampung Makan Rafel's is strategic and surrounded by a number of offices and residential areas. The culinary offered is quite diverse, prices are within a reasonable range, but visitors who come are relatively limited. This causes tenants to experience financial distress due to low cash turnover. This phenomenon has triggered the existence of third parties offering lucrative online funding and investment offers. In an effort to overcome these problems, this Community Service program is aimed at increasing understanding of financial literacy for tenants and managers of Kampung Makan Rafel's. The education in the Community Service program has succeeded in increasing the financial literacy of tenants and managers of the Kampung Makan Rafel's. In addition, they are also willing to implement a simple cash flow recording. Thus, it is hoped that their business will survive continuously and grow.
Educational research in Switzerland since World War II as reflected in its institutions and its themes from recent history to some present issues and some perspectives for the near future
Authors: Gretler Armin
Published: October 2020

In the institutional development of educational research in Switzerland since World War II, five important phenomena are identified: 1) the spectacular increase in the number of research institutions between 1965 and 1975 mainly due to the then emerging interest of politicians in educational research (in this place, the accent is put not on university institutions, but on the new research and development units within public administration); 2) the creation of partially market-oriented research institutions within university departments in the nineties; 3) the rapidly growing importance of small and very small private educational R&D-enterprises in the nineties; 4) the restructuring linked to New Public Management of several educational R&D-institutions within cantonal public administration, and 5) the creation of a few institutions enhancing the identity of educational research and the cooperation between research, politics, administration and teaching. The identification of research themes over the last fifty years poses some methodological problems. It seems that there is a rather stable «courant normal» mainly in psycho-pedagogical research and research in didactics; in addition, there are a few themes such as the contribution of education to economic growth and international competitivity, and curriculum research which have been important at the beginning as well as at the end of the observed period. From recent history, the article finally goes over to some present issues and some perspectives for the near future.
The research in education in France: results of enquiries about research centres and periodicals
Authors: Beillerot Jacky
Published: October 2020

A national committee of research coordination in education created in 1995 by the French government, has realised, two years later en enquiry with a survey about research centres and periodicals. 167 responses from teams and 139 from periodicals, have enabled a better knowledge about researches contents and joining disciplines, and then, for periodicals to show in particular the weight of administrations in their management and low distribution.
Frauen und Männer in der Berufsbildung der Schweiz
Authors: Borkowsky Anna
Published: October 2020

Die Schweiz ist ein Land mit hoch entwickelter Berufsbildung. Die Mehrheit der Jugendlichen erwirbt einen Bildungsabschluss auf der Sekundarstufe II im dualen System der Berufslehre. Die schweizerische Berufsausbildung führt zu einem sozial und im Beschäftigungssystem wohldefinierten und anerkannten Beruf. Das Berufssystem ist jedoch geschlechtsspezifisch hoch segregiert. Denn die organisierenden Prinzipien der Berufsbildung sind der Beruf und die betriebliche Lehre; beide benachteiligen Frauen aus historischen Gründen.
Vocational Education, Training and Employment for Young People in England and Wales: journeying through a gendered landscape
Authors: Unwin Lorna
Published: October 2020

This paper explores the gendered landscape of vocational education and training in England and Wales. At the start of the 21st century, young people in England and Wales can still choose between leaving school at the age of 16 or remaining in full-time education. Having made that key decision, however, they then face a further bewildering set of choices, for each route then sub-divides into a number of pathways. For some young explorers, the journey will be straightforward, whereas many will face obstacles and setbacks along the way due to the effects of their gender, ethnicity or social class. The paper examines the extent to which young people can exert agency when determining their futures given the continuing power of structural determinants. To this end, the paper maps the routes which young people can take after compulsory schooling and analyses the relationship between post-compulsory provision and the labour market. The paper concludes that we need to properly understand this landscape in order to help young people in their decision making.
Gender Bias in Nordic Vocational Education
Authors: Anja Heikkinen Anja
Published: October 2020

The topic of vocational education and gender has not been of high interest in Nordic countries during last years. On the one hand, the focus has moved to issues like the knowledge society and the competitiveness of individuals and industry in the globalising economy, on the other hand, the strengthening feminist and post-modernist discourses about cultural construction of gender have had marginal interest in vocational education. The article aims at showing that there are historical, anthropological, sociological, philosophical and educational studies, which could revitalise research on vocational education and gender, proceeding from the previous phase, when the focus was on sex-segregation in the labour market and education system. In the beginning of the article, vocational education in the Nordic countries is characterised from the sex-gender perspective, with special focus on Finland. After this, some examples from efforts to overcome and to explain the gender bias are described and deficiencies are discussed. Thirdly, a «cultural approach» for discussing gender bias is suggested. In the closing section, the possibilities of de-gendering vocational education are questioned. The main message of the article is that in order to revitalise research on vocational education and gender, we need to reflect them in a wider cultural context and include the perspectives of both sexes or genders (or the whole sexual and gender order) in our analyses.
Zur Rolle der Lehrperson beim kooperativen Lernen
Authors: Pauli Christine , Reusser Kurt
Published: October 2020

Trotz des Vorliegens einer umfangreichen Forschungsliteratur zum kooperativen und selbständigen Lernen gibt es bislang nur wenige Publikationen zur Rolle und Wirksamkeit von Lehrpersonen bei Partner- und Gruppenarbeiten bzw. bei der Initiierung und Begleitung von schüleraktiven Lerndialogen. Bekannt ist dagegen, dass längst nicht alle in kooperativen Arrangements stattfindenden Lerndialoge und Interaktionen jene Qualitätsmerkmale aufweisen, von denen Pädagogen und Lehrpersonen gerne ausgehen. Auf der Basis vorliegender Erklärungshypothesen zum Nutzen kooperativer Lehr- und Lernformen wird im vorliegenden Text die Qualität von Lerndialogen für den multikriterialen Ertrag von Partner- und Gruppenarbeiten diskutiert. Anschliessend werden die Funktionen von Lehrpersonen im Hinblick auf die Sicherung dieser Qualität erörtert und es werden Folgerungen für die Ausrichtung der Forschung zur Lehrerrolle und zur Lernbegleitung beim dialogischen Lehren gezogen.
Althof, Wolfgang; Baeriswyl, Franz und Reich, K. Helmut (Hrsg.) (1999): Autonomie und Entwicklung. Festschrift zum 60. Geburtstag von Fritz Oser.
Authors: Frei Bernadette
Published: October 2020

Rezension
James R. Sanders (Hrsg.) (1999): Handbuch der Evaluationsstandards. Die Standards des «Joint Committee on Standards for Educational Evaluation». Aus dem Amerikanischen übersetzt von Wolfgang Beywl und Thomas Widmer.
Authors: Rhyn Heinz
Published: October 2020

Rezension
Amigues, René & Zerbato-Poudou, Marie-Thérèse (2000). Comment l’enfant devient élève.
Authors: Thévenaz Thérèse
Published: October 2020

Recension
La démocratisation de l’enseignement en France depuis la Seconde Guerre mondiale
Authors: Prost Antoine
Published: October 2020

Cet article dresse un bilan de la démocratisation de l’enseignement en France. Il rappelle les origines de cette politique dans la première moitié du siècle. Il explique pourquoi elle a attendu les années 1959-63 pour se réaliser: c’est alors la réforme de l’école moyenne et la première vague de croissance, jusqu’au milieu des années ’70. Il analyse ensuite la seconde vague de croissance qui bouleverse la morphologie des lycées à partir de 1985. La question des résultats se pose alors: ces politiques ont-elles réduit les inégalités sociales devant l’école?

La réponse est nuancée. L’ouverture du collège, puis des lycées, a facilité l’accès des enfants modestes aux études et réduit globalement les inégalités. Mais, à l’intérieur de ce mouvement d’ensemble, l’inégalité entre les différentes filières a évolué de façon variable: elle s’est probablement réduite jusqu’au milieu des années ’60; elle s’est ensuite stabilisée, voire creusée, en raison des procédures sélectives et de l’orientation instituée en 1973; enfin, les décisions de 1985 ont sans doute un peu relancé la démocratisation. Mais les espoirs dont elle était porteuse n’ont pas été satisfaits.
Bildungsexpansion durch Systemdifferenzierung am Beispiel der Sekundarstufe II in den 1960er- und 1970er-Jahren
Authors: Criblez Lucien
Published: October 2020

Bildungsexpansion wird im vorliegenden Beitrag nicht in ihren quantitativen (mehr Schülerinnen und Schüler, mehr Schulen, mehr Lehrpersonen, längere Bildungslaufbahnen, höhere Bildungsbeteiligung), sondern in ihren institutionellen Ausprägungen analysiert. Im Zentrum des Interesses steht die Systemdifferenzierung der Sekundarstufe II in den 1960er- und 70er-Jahren. Einerseits werden die Hintergründe dieser Differenzierung ausgeleuchtet, andererseits der Differenzierungsprozess sowohl für die Gymnasien wie auch für die Berufsschulen rekonstruiert. Abschliessend wird gezeigt, dass es sich beim Phänomen Expansion durch Systemdifferenzierung um ein generelles Wachstumsphänomen im Bildungssystem handelt, das nicht nur für die 1960er- und 70er-Jahre und nicht nur für die Sekundarstufe II Gültigkeit hat.
Quand une société se transforme. L’évolution de la formation des instituteurs valaisans entre 1950 et 1970
Authors: Périsset Danièle
Published: October 2020

Cette contribution analyse une partie des transformations de l’école publique valaisanne entre 1950 et 1970 du point de vue des politiques cantonales de l’éducation. Les conséquences de l’avènement de la modernité et de la démocratisation des études se font grandement sentir à cette période, notamment parce que le canton avait, jusque-là, fortement contenu son évolution industrielle et maintenu sa tradition rurale politique et sociale. Dans les années ’60, les temps changent. Les études se démocratisent, les écoles secondaires se généralisent et les emplois dans le secteur tertiaire attirent les jeunes. Le métier d’instituteur ne fait plus recette; de nouveaux modèles de formation sont inventés qui laissent anticiper entre autre la disparition de l’institut traditionnel de formation des institutrices et des instituteurs qu’est l’Ecole normale.
Kronig, Wilfried, Haeberlin, Urs und Eckhart, Michael (2000). Immigrantenkinder und schulische Selektion. Pädagogische Visionen, theoretische Erklärungen und empirische Untersuchungen zur Wirkung integrierender und separierender Schulformen in den Grundsc
Authors: Rosenberg Sonja
Published: October 2020

Rezension
Evoluzione della politica scolastica sull’insuccesso e il disadattamento: il caso del Canton Ticino
Authors: Dozio Edo
Published: October 2020

L’articolo descrive l’evoluzione della politica scolastica sull’insuccesso e il disadattamento scolastico nel Canton Ticino durante gli ultimi 50 anni. In questo lasso di tempo vi è stata una importante evoluzione demografica e una profonda trasformazione economica. Il sistema scolastico adottato è stato di tipo integrativo e ciò ha profondamente influenzato soprattutto l’organizzazione della scuola secondaria inferiore. Dapprima la democratizzazione degli studi ha modificato il rapporto della società ticinese con la scuola; in seguito la revisione dell’insegnamento speciale e la creazione del Servizio di sostegno pedagogico hanno introdotto una nuova visione delle differenze nell’apprendimento e dell’insuccesso scolastico. Negli ultimi 30 anni, i Servizi creati si sono assestati e le concezioni e le pratiche attorno al disadattamento hanno subito ulteriori evoluzioni, ma all’orizzonte già si stanno profilando nuove esigenze di cambiamento.
Effets maîtres, effets établissements: quelle responsabilité pour l’école?
Authors: Duru-Bellat Marie
Published: October 2020

La diversité des situations éducatives et des contextes scolaires est volontiers considérée en France comme une des facettes importantes de la crise de l’école. Mais ne faut-il y voir que la traduction sur le terrain scolaire de la ségrégation sociale de l’habitat? Ou bien faut-il admettre que l’école elle-même participe à la définition de ces situations éducatives contrastées?Ce texte présente une synthèse actualisée des recherches françaises consacrées aux effets de contexte – effet maître ou effet établissement – en insistant sur les problèmes méthodologiques qu’ils posent, sur leurs nuances et leur complexité (ces résultats étant eux-mêmes contextualisés), sur la nécessité de distinguer efficacité et équité. Il souligne également les controverses qui les marquent, et, pour finir, leur portée politique, qu’il s’agisse de la mobilisation des enseignants ou du «contrôle» des demandes parentales, mais aussi, et plus fondamentalement, de la capacité de l’institution scolaire à offrir à tous un environnement éducatif d’égale qualité.
Brückner, Margrit und Böhnisch, Lothar (Hrsg.) (2001). Geschlechterverhältnisse. Gesellschaftliche Konstruktionen und Perspektiven ihrer Veränderung.
Authors: Violi Enrico
Published: October 2020

Rezension
Chalmel, Loïc (2001). Jean Georges Stuber (1722-1797). Pédagogie pastorale.
Authors: Ruchat Martine
Published: October 2020

Recension
Reuter, Yves (2000). La description. Des théories à l’enseignement-apprentissage.
Authors: Revaz Françoise
Published: October 2020

Recension
Situated cognition and learning: From conceptual frameworks to classroom investigations
Authors: Allal Linda
Published: October 2020

This article examines the basic concepts which frame this field of investigation, the diversification of theoretical positions which guide current work, and the lines of debate between advocates of cognitive versus situated perspectives on learning. Recent developments in classroom-based research on situated learning are discussed in two subject-matter areas: writing and mathematics. Certain implications for didactics, as developed in the French-speaking research community, are briefly mentioned. In conclusion, several questions are raised concerning unresolved issues in understanding how to design instructional contexts that foster situated learning.
Situations et formes d’apprentissage
Authors: Brossard Michel
Published: October 2020

Dans le cadre de la théorie socio-historique, l’auteur s’efforce de dégager la spécificité des apprentissages humains. Il se donne des critères pour déterminer le degré de «formalité» de différentes situations d’apprentissage proposées aux jeunes enfants. Ceci lui permet de mettre en avant ce que les situations scolaires d’apprentissage ont d’original. Cette analyse conduit l’auteur à s’interroger sur les apports de la cognition située aux recherches en didactiques.
La Situated Cognition in Italia: stato dell’arte
Authors: Iannaccone Antonio , Ligorio Beatrice
Published: October 2020

L’articolo esamina i contributi teorico-metodologici ed empirici che caratterizzano la presenza della Situated Cognition in Italia. Muovendo dagli spunti culturali che ne hanno agevolato la diffusione nel panorama della psicologia italiana, la rassegna individua tre principali campi applicativi nei quali poter collocare le ricerche ispirate alla prospettiva situata. Si tratta dei contesti educativi, dei contesti sociali e comunicativi ed infine dei contesti tecnologici. Dall’analisi complessiva delle ricerche emergono alcuni elementi comuni alle diverse opzioni metodologiche ed empiriche e, contemporaneamente, la notevole potenzialità euristica ed applicativa di tale pros-pettiva.
Anchored Instruction: Situiertes Lernen in multimedialen Lernumgebungen
Authors: Scharnhorst Ursula
Published: October 2020

«Anchored Instruction» ist ein konstruktivistischer Ansatz aus den USA, dessen Vertreter technologisch unterstützte, situierte Lernumgebungen für verschiedene schulische Fächer und Altersstufen entwickeln, implementieren und erforschen. Wichtige Ziele, Gestaltungsprinzipien und Merkmale solcher Lernumgebungen sowie ihre Implementation im Unterricht werden anhand von zwei Anwendungen näher dargestellt: (1) «The Adventures of Jasper Woodbury», eine Serie von Video-Geschichten und Zusatzmaterialien, die Schüler mit komplexen mathematischen Problemstellungen konfrontieren, und (2) ”The Little Planet Literacy Series”, die Schulanfänger mit Trickfilm-Geschichten und damit verbundenen multimedialen Lernaktivitäten ins Lesen und Schreiben einführen. Es wird auch kurz auf einige Forschungsergebnisse zu den beiden Lernumgebungen verwiesen. Im Weiteren verdeutlicht eine Taxonomie, dass soziale und technologische Formen der Lernunterstützung bei «Anchored Instruction» vielfältig kombiniert werden, um die Flexibiliät und den Transfer des Gelernten zu fördern. Im Hinblick auf die aufwändige Erstellung und Implementation solcher Lernumgebungen wird am Schluss eine Reihe kritischer Fragen und Einwände diskutiert.
Situation als Konstrukt. Zur Kritik objektivistischer Situationsdefinitionen
Authors: Heid Helmut
Published: October 2020

Der Situationsbegriff spielt in der aktuellen Lehr-Lern-Forschung eine bemerkenswerte Rolle. Damit soll die Aufmerksamkeit in spezifischer Weise auf die Tatsache gelenkt werden, dass menschliches Lernen stets unter konkreten Umweltbedingungen stattfindet und dass die Qualität der Resultate menschlichen Lernens unter anderem von der Qualität der jeweiligen Lernumgebung abhängt.Die hohe Plausibilität dieser Feststellung begünstigt die Vernachlässigung der Frage, wieweit die jeweilige Lernumgebung lehr-lern-theoretisch nicht nur eine unabhängige, sondern auch und vor allem eine (von Lernen) abhängige Variable ist: Das als “Situation” Gekennzeichnete ist keine Tatsache im physikalischen Sinn, sondern Resultat einer Tatsacheninterpretation, also ein theoretisches Konstrukt. Das gilt auch für die lehr-lern-theoretisch postulierten (Qualitäts-) Merkmale der Situation; das sind im besonderen die Authentizität und die Komplexität wünschenswerter Lernumgebungen. Der folgende Beitrag bezweckt den Versuch, zur methodischen Klärung der Konzeption «Situiertes Lernen» beizutragen.
Pestalozzi, Johann Heinrich / Conseil scientifique du Centre de documentation et de recherche Pestalozzi d’Yverdon (Ed.) (2001). Ecrits sur l’expérience du Neuhof (traduit de l’allemand par Pierre-G. Martin et suivi de quatre études de Pierre-Philippe Bug
Authors: Coquoz Joseph
Published: October 2020

Recension
Chancenungleichheiten beim Übergang in eine wissenschaftliche Laufbahn
Authors: Leemann Regula Julia
Published: October 2020

Die Studie untersucht die Bedeutung von Geschlecht und sozialer Herkunft für den Übergang von Hochschulabsolvierenden in die erste Etappe einer wissenschaftlichen Karriere, die Promotion. Im Weiteren wird der Frage nachgegangen, ob Frauen und Nachkommen bildungsferner Schichten in einzelnen Fachbereichen bessere Karrierechancen haben als in anderen. Für die empirische Analyse wird ein Paneldatensatz verwendet, der zu Beginn der 1990er-Jahre erhoben wurde. Er erlaubt Analysen zu den Bildungs- und Berufswegen von Hochschulabsolvierenden aller Disziplinen in der Schweiz. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass Frauen und Nachkommen aus bildungsfernen Familien weniger für eine wissenschaftliche Laufbahn rekrutiert werden als Männer und Nachkommen aus akademischem Milieu. Das Ausmass der Chancen-ungleichheiten variiert jedoch zwischen den Studienfächern.
Familiäre Bindung und Berufsübergang – Der Einfluss von Elternschaft und familiärem Engagement auf die Berufseinmündung von Hochschulabsolventen und Hochschulabsolventinnen
Authors: Spiess Claudia
Published: October 2020

Im Mittelpunkt dieser Studie steht die Frage, wie gut es jungen Akademiker/innen gelingt, nach Studienabschluss trotz familiärer Verpflichtungen ihr vorhandenes Bildungspotential in den Arbeitsmarkt einzubringen. Die Ergebnisse, basierend auf einer gesamtschweizerischen Hochschulabsolventen-Befragung, zeichnen ein positives Bild: Einzig bei den Absolvierenden der Natur- oder Ingenieurwissenschaften steht ein Engagement in der Kinderbetreuung einem reibungslosen Berufsübergang entgegen. In der Regel stellen die Familiengründung und eine Beteiligung an der Kinderbetreuung jedoch kein Hindernis dar, am Erwerbsprozess teilzunehmen und Arbeitsstellen mit hohem Anspruchsniveau zu erhalten. Allerdings nehmen die Neuabsolvierenden mit Familie vergleichsweise selten Ausbildungsstellen wahr. Dies dürfte sich auf lange Sicht nachteilig auf ihre Karriere auswirken.