bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Bond strength of dual-cured resin cements to root canal dentin
Authors: Bruna Junqueira Correa  , Aline Evangelista Souza-Gabriel  , Fuad Jacob Abi Rached-Junior  , Silvio Rocha Correa da Silva  , Danielle Cristine Messias
Published: August 2022

The bonding of dental posts to the root canal walls depends on the resin cement. Objective: This in vitrostudy assessed the bond strength of resin cements used for post cementation to different root regions. Material and methods:Thirty canine roots were endodontically treated and prepared to receive dental posts which were luted with different resin cements (n = 10): Enforce (Dentsply), Panavia F (Kuraray Dental Co) and RelyX ARC (3M ESPE). The cements were light-cured for 20 s. After cementation, slices from cervical, middle and apical post/root regions were submitted to the push out test in a universal testing machine. The data (MPa) were analyzed using ANOVA and Tukey’s test(a = 0.05). Results: RelyX ARC (3.24 ± 1.49) and Enforce (3.45 ± 1.42) showed higher bond strength than Panavia (0.95 ± 0.39) (p < 0.05),without statistically significant difference between each other(p > 0.05). The bond strength values at the cervical (3.37 ± 1.47) were higher than middle (2.62 ± 1.94) and apical (1.65 ± 0.99) regions (p < 0.05), which were similar between them (p > 0.05). Conclusion: The resin cements RelyX ARC and Enforce presented greater bond strength than Panavia and the bond strength was higher at the cervical region.
Bond strength of endodontic sealers after intracanal surface pretreatment with CO2 laser
Authors: Fuad Jacob Abi Rached Junior  , Aline Evangelista Souza-Gabriel  , Manoel Damião Sousa-Neto  , Yara Teresinha Correa Silva-Sousa
Published: August 2022

The aim of this study was to evaluate in vitro the bonding of AH Plus and Endofill sealers to intraradicular canal walls after different dentin surface treatments. Material and methods: Sixty canines were sectioned obtaining dentin discs with 4-mm thickness and were embedded in acrylic resin. The canals were prepared with diamond burs. The specimens were divided into two groups(n = 30): GI – AH Plus and GII – Endofill and were subdivided into three groups based on the dentin surface treatment (n = 10): A – distilled and deionized water (control), B – 17% EDTA, C – CO2 laser with 3W in continuous mode for 10s. The specimens were submitted to push out test in a universal testing machine. Results: Tukey test revealed that the IB (AH Plus/17% EDTA) (17.59 ± 6.04) and IC (AH Plus/CO2laser) (21.69 ± 4.93) subgroups had the highest values, which were statistically similar between each other (p > 0.05) and different from the other subgroups (p < 0.05). IIC subgroup (Endofill/CO2 laser)(7.25 ± 1.59) had intermediate values, which were statistically similar to (p > 0.05) IA subgroup (AH Plus/water) (10.99 ± 2.63), IIA subgroup (Endofill/water) (3.16 ± 0.83) and IIB subgroup (Endofill/ 17% EDTA) (5.31 ± 3.61), which had the smallest values (p < 0.05). Conclusion:The treatment of superficial intracanal dentin with CO2 laser and EDTA favored the adhesion of AH Plus and Endofill sealers.
Avulsion of permanent teeth with open apex: a systematic review of the literature
Authors: Felipe G. Belladonna  , Ane Poly  , João M. S. Teixeira  , Viviane D. M. A. Nascimento  , Sandra R. Fidel  , Rivail A. S. Fidel
Published: August 2022

Considered the most serious of dental in�uries, avulsion is known as the total displacement of tooth out of its socket. Treatment includes immediate replantation and its success is directly related to several factors. Objective: This paper aimed to review the literature in a systematic way on dental avulsion of permanent teeth with open apex, covering various topics such as: reason for avulsion; storage media; time out of the socket; use of antibiotics; splinting time; tooth vitality; presence of resorption and/or obliteration of pulp canal; and following-up time. Material and methods: PubMed/MedLine database and Dental Traumatology journal were searched, from May to June of 2011, and several studies comprising the current and classic literature were listed using the following terms: tooth avulsion, open apex, permanent and case report. Results and conclusion: Twelve cases reports were selected. Cases of dental trauma in open apex teeth may have a good prognosis if the following steps are taken: the hydration of the tooth and immediately replantation. It is important to search dental care, even if everything seems solved, and the tooth following-up should be performed periodically as informed by the dentist.
Location of three canals in the mesiobuccal root of the maxillary first molar
Authors: Andressa Salles Gonçalves Pais  , Carlos Eduardo Fontana  , Alexandre Sigrist De Martin  , Elcia Bravin de Carvalho  , Carlos Eduardo da Silveira Bueno
Published: August 2022

The knowledge on the complex anatomy of the maxillary first molar and location of extra canals are essential for diagnosis and endodontic treatment success. Objective: The purpose of this study was to report a clinical case showing a varied number of root canals in maxillary molars with the aid of the operating microscope (OM). Case report: The endodontic retreatment of the right maxillary first molar with unusual anatomical variation was performed, displaying three canals in the mesiobuccal root (MB), a root canal in the distobuccal root (DV) and a root canal in the palatal root (P). To remove the resin core inside pulp chamber with and without the aid of dental operating microscope, a high-speed drill and ultrasonic tip (diamond round) was used, respectively, for the refinement of the pulp chamber walls. The dental operating microscope was used during the access surgery, location, negotiation of canals and checking of the completion of all stages of the retreatment. Subsequently, the cleaning, shaping and filling of the root canal system was completed. The presence of three canals in the mesiobuccal root, one in the distobuccal root and one in the palatal root was found. Conclusion: Variations in the number of canals could be confirmed during the surgery access in endodontic retreatment cases with the aid of dental operating microscope.
Functional-aesthetic treatment of crown fracture in anterior teeth with severe crowding
Authors: Diego Henrique da Silva Mendonça  , Mario Lúcio da Costa Azevedo  , José Carlos Dal Secco Leandrini  , Aline Evangelista Souza-Gabriel
Published: August 2022

Traumatic injuries are usually the result of impacts whose aggressive strength exceeds the resistance found in bone, muscle and tooth tissues. With the advent of the etching technique and considering the improvement of composite resins, simpler and more conservative alternatives are indicated in the aesthetic and functional rehabilitation of fractured anterior teeth. Case report and objective: This study aimed to report the treatment of a 13 year-old patient that fractured his central incisor due to a trauma. After clinical and radiographic examination, an oblique crown fracture with extensive involvement of the incisal angle, without pulp exposure or injury to the biological space of the left maxillary central incisor (tooth #21) was observed. Because the fractured tooth fragment was lost, it was not possible to process a fragment bonding. Thus, it was proposed to treat the tooth through direct technique restoration with composite resin. Conclusion: It can be concluded that the aesthetic and functional rehabilitation with direct composite resin is a viable option for the conservative treatment of fractured anterior teeth.
The importance of microsonics concept for optimization of endodontic retreatment outcome: a case report
Authors: Cláudia Fernandes de Magalhães Silveira  , Carlos Eduardo Fontana  , Felipe Davini  , Roberta Aranha de Araújo Arruda  , Carlos Eduardo da Silveira Bueno
Published: August 2022

During the past few decades, the endodontic treatment has benefited from the development of new techniques and devices, which have improved the outcome and predictability. Important attributes such as the operating microscope and ultrasonics have found indispensable applications in a number of dental procedures in endodontics. Objective and case report: This study describes a case of endodontic retreatment of a maxillary first molar in which the second mesiobuccal canal could be located by extending the access to the mesial direction further than usual and by a closer inspection of the pulp chamber floor. Conclusion: The “microsonics concept” has enhanced the quality of endodontic treatment and retreatment, becoming increasingly more useful in applications such as localization of root canal orifices.
Editorial
Authors: Adriane Cristina Kasprowicz
Published: August 2022

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Fluoride effect on the process of alveolar bone repair in rats: evaluation of activity of MMP-2 and 9
Authors: Mileni da Silva Fernandes  , Gisele Miyamura Martins  , Lucas Makoto Shimoraha  , Flávia Godoy Iano  , Marcela Mitsuko Yanai  , Tânia Mary Cestari  , Marília Afonso Rabelo Buzalaf  , Rodrigo Cardoso de Oliveira
Published: August 2022

The aim of this study was to evaluate comparatively the effect of fluoride (F) on the activity of matrix metalloproteinases 2 and 9 (MMP-2 and MMP-9) involved in process of alveolar bone repair. Material and methods: This study used 4 groups of Wistar rats with 80 days of life (n = 160) which received drinking water containing different doses of fluoride (NaF): 5, 15, 50 ppm and deionized water (control) throughout the experiment. These animals had their right upper incisors extracted. After extraction, the animals were euthanized at 7, 14, 21 and 30 days and the hemi-maxillae were collected for microscopic analysis (Hematoxylin and Eosin and immunohistochemistry for MMP-9) and zymography (MMP-2 and 9). Results: Microscopically the process of bone repair was similar in all groups, being noted only a delay of the blood clot resorption and bone formation in the group of 50 ppm F. The expression for MMP-9 showed differences between groups only during the initial repair (7 days). However, the zymography showed no significant differences between treated and control groups. Conclusion: Ours results suggest an effect of fluoride on the activity of MMPs 2 and 9 at the initial period of alveolar repair which could be associated to the process of blood clot remission and delay in bone repair. Further studies are needed to establish the relationship between the initial process of resorption of the blood clot, and the involvement of MMPs 2 and 9 and its regulators/tissue inhibitors.
Comparison of the effectiveness of the protaper system versus hand instrumentation in endodontic retreatment: a scanning electron microscopy study
Authors: Luana Schwerz  , Carlos Eduardo Fontana  , Carlos Eduardo da Silveira Bueno  , Roberta Aranha de Araújo Arruda  , Rina Andréa Pelegrine  , Flavia Casale Abe  , Alexandre Sigrist De Martin
Published: August 2022

Several rotary systems have been evaluated for removal of endodontic filling materials from the canal. Moreover, studies focusing on the comparison of the effectiveness of rotary systems versus hand instrumentation have yielded mixed results in terms of the efficacy and amount of time required by each technique. Objective:To compare the effectiveness of a nickel-titanium rotary system and of hand instrumentation using stainless steel files and Gates-Glidden burs in the removal of gutta-percha from root canals, as well as the time required to complete the procedure by each method. Material and methods: Forty single-rooted teeth were prepared and obturated then divided in two groups, according to the method employed for removal of the gutta-percha: ProTaper Universal rotary retreatment system (rotary instrumentation) and stainless steel hand files with Gates-Glidden burs (hand instrumentation). The time required to remove gutta-percha by each method was recorded. Roots were then sectioned lengthwise and the apical, middle, and coronal thirds were analyzed by SEM under two magnifications: x400 and x1,000. Results: Rotary instrumentation promoted better cleansing compared with hand instrumentation. The apical third was less clean than the coronal and middle thirds (Kruskal-Wallis p < 0.05). Rotary instrumentation was faster than hand instrumentation (Tukey p < 0.05).Conclusion: Although none of the methods promoted complete cleanliness of the canal walls, ProTaper Universal system showed better results and was faster than hand instrumentation.
Health risks and complications associated with the use of intraoral and perioral piercing: knowledge of young adults
Authors: Gerônimo Schettert Fortes  , Tommy Luiz Rasmussen  , Constanza Marin  , Elisabete Rabaldo Bottan
Published: August 2022

The aim of this study was to identify the knowledge of young adults on health risks and complications associated with the use of intraoral and perioral piercing. Material and methods: A descriptive transversal study using primary data. The study group comprised individuals with 18 years of age or more who were found in collective spaces, in the urban perimeter of Balneário Camboriu (Santa Catarina). The probabilistic sample was calculated as infinite population, defining a margin of error of 5%. The survey data were collected through an in-person structured questionnaire. Results: 395 individuals (39.5% male; 60.5% female) participated in the research, with ages ranging from 18 to 26 years-old. Most of the individuals (74.2%) have medium level of education. Six percent (6%) were or had been using oral piercing. Sixty-seven percent (67%) did not have received any information about the possible implications for health, as a result of the use of oral piercing; however, 89.7% believed that the use of this accessory offered risks to health. The percentage of users of oral piercing in the group was 6%, among which 93% told that they had observed some type of alteration as a result of the use of oral piercing. Conclusion: Most of the participants of this research did not have suitable knowledge on the health risks, as a result of the use of an oral piercing. Therefore the accomplishment of information campaigns for general population is fundamental, in which the -dentist must play a significant role.
Consequences of dental trauma to the primary teeth on the permanent dentition
Authors: Carla Miranda  , Betsy Killian Martins Luiz  , Mabel Mariela Rodriguez Cordeiro
Published: August 2022

Dental trauma to primary teeth or to the jaws may cause disorders on the development of permanent successor teeth. The alterations may either occur at the time of accident or be caused by post-traumatic consequences. Objective: The aim of this paper is to present cases of alterations on permanent dentition following dental trauma to primary teeth. Case reports: Three cases are presented in this paper. The severity of the post-traumatic sequels shown by the permanent teeth kept a direct relationship with the extent of the impact and patient’s age at the accident. These sequels resulted in whitish or brownish opacities, enamel hypoplasia, root dilacerations, and total arrest of root development. Conclusion: It can be concluded that the protocols for patients who had experienced dental trauma must observe a systematic clinical and radiographic follow-up as well as alternatives of treatment for the primary and permanent teeth involved. Prognostics and treatments related to the sequels in permanent teeth may be obtained from a close analysis of clinical and radiographic aspects, avoiding more damages to the stomatognathic system. The severity of the sequels is directly related to the degree of permanent tooth formation (child’s age), type of dental trauma and extent of the impact.
Application of Computational Simulation Integrating Inhibition Kinetics
for Detecting Tyrosinase Inhibitor: Salsalate Is a New Inhibitor
Authors: Xu Jie-Hao , Lee Jinhyuk , Wang Wei , Park Yong-Doo
Published: August 2022

Background:

Tyrosinase inhibitor developments have been widely attended by
investigators for their various applications.

Objective:

A combination of virtual screening of docking simulations and biochemical inhibition
kinetics was performed to find a new inhibitor of tyrosinase for the clinical application of an antipigment
agent.

Methods:

We conducted docking simulations to detect tyrosinase key binding residues and used the
detected binding residues to screen the NCBI PubChem database for probing tyrosinase binding
compounds. The serial inhibition kinetics and spectrofluorimetry measurements were performed to
validate the inhibitory effect on tyrosinase.

Results:

We have detected 200 candidates and categorized them into four clusters. Among them, we
successfully confirmed salsalate as a new inhibitor of tyrosinase measured by serial enzyme
kinetics. Salsalate was detected as a reversible inhibitor of tyrosinase displaying a typical mixedtype
inhibition manner (IC50 = 22.19 ± 1.01 mM; Ki = 19.98 ± 2.11 mM). Spectrofluorimetry
measurement by integrating with 1-anilinonaphthalene-8-sulfonate showed that salsalate mainly
induced a slight regional conformation distortion of the tyrosinase active site accompanied by a
slight hydrophobic disruption.

Conclusion:

Our study suggests that salsalate is a potential anti-pigment drug via inhibition of
tyrosinase activity and it might be applicable for dermatologic clinical application. Also, our study
enlarges an insight into the salsalate drug application.
Mild Behavioral Impairment: An Early Sign and Predictor of Alzheimer's
Disease Dementia
Authors: Jiang Fei , Cheng Cheng , Huang Jinsong , Chen Qiaoling , Le Weidong
Published: August 2022

Background:

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common form of dementia in the elderly
population and places heavy burdens on medical care and nursing. Recently, the psychiatric and
behavioral symptoms of prodromal AD, especially mild behavioral impairment (MBI), have attracted
much attention. In 2012, Alzheimer's Association International Conference, MBI was proposed as a
syndrome with psychiatric and behavioral disturbance before the onset of typical clinical cognitive
symptoms in dementia. Increasing lines of evidence have indicated the link between MBI and early
AD pathologies including Aβ and tau.

Objective:

This narrative review aims to summarize the advantages of MBI over other concept of
psychiatric and behavioral symptoms associated with AD in the early prediction of AD dementia. We
also discuss the possible common genetic basis and pathological mechanisms underlying the interactions
between MBI and AD.

Methods:

Papers cited here were retrieved from PubMed up to February 2022. We selected a total of
95 articles for summary and discussion.

Results:

The occurrence of MBI is mainly due to the overlapped genetic and pathological risk factors
with AD and is related to the brain's response to environmental stressors. MBI may be a warning sign
for the early pathology of AD, and more attention should be paid on the number and duration of MBI
symptoms.

Conclusion:

MBI may be an early sign and predictor of Alzheimer's disease dementia. Early intervention
for MBI may have a positive effect on alleviating long-term cognitive decline.
Sub-regional Trend of HIV Infection Among Antenatal Clinic Attendees in Andhra Pradesh (2003-2019)
Authors: Elangovan Arumugam , Santhakumar Aridoss , Mathiyazhakan Malathi , Nagaraj Jaganathasamy , David Joseph K. , Ganesh Balasubramanian , Manikandan Natesan , Mahalakshmi Padmapriya Vallalnathan , Kumar Pradeep
Published: August 2022

Introduction:

Analysis of local risks at sub-national levels and tailored interventions are being emphasized for effective HIV management. Andhra Pradesh (AP) is a high HIV prevalence state in India, with the second-highest number of people with HIV (PWH) and a consistent decline in HIV prevalence at the state level. Probing further into the region and district-wise levels and trends of HIV prevalence will provide critical insights into sub-regional epidemic patterns. Hence, this paper analyzes the regional and district-level trends of HIV prevalence among pregnant women attending the antenatal clinics (ANC) from 2003 to 2019 in AP, South India.

Methods:

HIV prevalence data collected from pregnant women in AP during HIV sentinel surveillance (HSS) between 2003 and 2019 was used for trend analysis. The consistent sites were grouped into three regions (Coastal Andhra, Rayalaseema and Uttar Andhra), totaling 39 sites, including 21 rural and 18 urban sites. Regional and district-level HIV prevalence was analyzed using the Chi-square trend test, and spatial analysis was done using QGIS software. For the last three HSS rounds, HIV prevalence based on sociodemographic variables was calculated to understand the factors contributing to HIV positivity in each region.

Results:

In total, 143,211 pregnant women were recruited. HIV prevalence in AP was 0.30% (95% CI: 0.22 - 0.39) in 2019. The prevalence was 0.31%, 0.35% and 0.22% in Coastal Andhra, Rayalaseema and Uttar Andhra, respectively. HIV prevalence had significantly (P < 0.05) declined in all regions. The overall trend indicated that the HIV prevalence was higher among older pregnant women and in urban regions. However, recent trends consistently report HIV positivity among young and new pregnant mothers, illiterates, and rural regions.

Conclusion:

The overall trend indicated that the HIV prevalence was higher among older pregnant women and in urban regions. However, recent trends consistently report HIV positivity among young and new pregnant mothers, illiterates, and rural regions. Identifying the contextual risk patterns associated with HIV transmission will further improve HIV preventive and management programs among the general population.
Effectors of Hyperlipidemia Among Patients with HIV/AIDS Taking
Second-line Antiretroviral Therapy Based on Registry Data
Authors: Xu Qianlei , Jin Yantao , Yang Chunling , Wang Dongli , Ma Yanmin , Liu Zhibin , Guo Huijun , Sang Feng
Published: August 2022

Objective:

In this study, we aimed to determine the prevalence and effectors of hyperlipidemia
among people living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA) and taking second-line antiretroviral
therapy (ART) using registry data in central China.

Methods:

We conducted a cross-sectional study and collected information of PLWHA on secondline
ART during 2018 from two medical registries. Hyperlipidemia was defined according to the
2016 Chinese guidelines for the management of dyslipidemia in adults. Univariate and multivariate
logistic regression analyses were performed to explore the influencing factors of hyperlipidemia.
We calculated odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs).

Results:

A total of 2886 PLWHA taking second-line ART were included in this study, and 978
(33.9%) had hyperlipidemia. Female patients, those with hyperglycemia, and patients with CD4+
cell counts >500 cells/μL had a higher prevalence of hyperlipidemia with 37.0%, 49.0%, and
41.3%, respectively. Multivariate analysis showed that CD4+ cell count 350-500 cells/μL (OR =
1.72, 95% CI: 1.26-2.38), CD4+ cell count >500 cells/μL (OR = 2.49, 95% CI: 1.85-3.38), and FPG
>6.2 mmol/L (OR = 2.08, 95% CI:1.64-2.65) were risk factors for hyperlipidemia. Male sex (OR =
0.72, 95% CI: 0.61-0.85) and Hb <110 g/L (OR = 0.59, 95% CI: 0.45-0.76) were protective factors
against hyperlipidemia.

Conclusions:

PLWHA on second-line ART had a higher prevalence of hyperlipidemia. Gender,
CD4+ cell count, FPG, and hemoglobin were influencing factors of hyperlipidemia.
Molecular Docking and Simulation Binding Analysis of Boeravinone B with Caspase-3 and EGFR of Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Authors: Krishnamoorthy Praveen Kumar Posa , Balaraman Ashwini Devi , Priyadharshini Annadurai , Shanmugam Dharani Abirama Sundari , Muthukumaran Sivanandham , Kesavamurthy Amrutha , Revanasiddappa Prasanna Diddige
Published: August 2022

Objective:

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a widely occurring cancer ranking second in humans, with an incidence rate of approximately 1.6% per year in India. Experimental analysis of the Boeravinones or the Rotenoids classification of compounds present in the roots of the Boerhaavia diffusa Linn plant has shown a wide range of anti-cancer activity against liver hepatoblastoma.

Methods:

Boeravinone B (BB) was screened from widely available Boeravinone A-E compounds based on a maximum drug-likeness score using Lipinski’s rule Five. BB was checked for anti-HCC activity by binding with the five receptors of VEGF, EGF, BCl2, Caspase-3 and Caspase-9 when compared with Sorafenib through molecular docking. GROMACS was used for simulating molecular dynamics.

Results:

BB has shown a negative maximum internal energy score of -8.04, -8.42, -6.66, -8.33 and -7.74 Kcal/mol when compared to Sorafenib’s internal energy score of -6.55, -7.12, -4.05, -5.48 and -6.12 Kcal/mol for VEGFR, EGFR, BCl2, Caspase-3 and Caspase-9 respectively. Simulation using GROMACS has revealed that RMSD results BB forms a more stable complex with the Caspase-3 and EGFR after 19s and 15s of simulation time. RMSF analysis has characterized local changes on 170-190 residues and 860- 900 residues in C-alpha atoms of BB-Caspase-3 and BB-EGFR complexes revealed protein flexibility.

Conclusion:

MMPBSA score of BB docked Caspase-3 and EGFR complexes were found to be -62.178 and -42.84 KJ/mol
Cognitive Performance and Diabetic Retinopathy: What Your Eyes Can
Reveal About Your Brain
Authors: de Almeida Faria Ana Cristina Ravazzani , Dall'Agnol Joceline Franco , Gouveia Aline Maciel , De Paiva Clara Inácio , Segalla Victoria Chechetto , Ogata Fernando Eiji , Baena Cristina Pellegrino
Published: August 2022

Background:

Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a chronic diabetes complication. People with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) have two times the risk for dementia, suggesting it is a new chronic diabetes complication

Objective:

Evaluate the association of DR with cognitive performance in a T2DM population.

Methods:

Cross-sectional study with 251 T2DM adults from whom socio-demographic, clinical, laboratory data, a screening test for depression symptoms [Patient Health Questionaire-9 (PHQ-9)], Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE), Semantic Verbal Fluency Test, Trail Making Test A and B, Word Memory test were collected and performed. All cognitive test scores were converted into Global Cognition z-Score [GCS(z)]. The association between GCS(z) < 0 with DR was performed using a multivariate binary logistic regression model adjusted for age ≥ 65 years, school years ≤ 6 years, DM duration ≥ 10 years, depression symptoms score > 9 at PHQ-9, arterial hypertension, physical activity, diabetic retinopathy, macular edema, and cardiovascular disease.

Results:

After exclusions, the 251 eligible patients were 56.6% female, with a mean age of 61.1(±9.8) years, DM duration of 12.6(±8.9) years, and 7.6(±4.2) years of school education. DR prevalence was 46.5%. Multivariate Logistic Regression Model showed an association between DR and GCS(z) < 0, with odds ratio (CI95%) of 2.50 (1.18-5.34), adjusted for age, low education level, arterial hypertension and depression symptoms [OD and CI95% respectively: 5.46(2.42-12.34); 12.19(5.62-26.46); 2.55(0.88-7.39); 3.53(1.55-8.07)].

Conclusion:

In this T2DM population, having DR increased the chance for worse cognitive performance even when adjusted for age, low education level, presence of arterial hypertension, and depression symptoms.
Investigation of the Tissue Degenerative Impact of Increased BMI in
Achilles Tendon via Strain Elastography and Finite Element Analysis
Authors: Siddiqui Rimsha , Mriza Eraj H. , Javed Ravish , Al-Qahtani Mahdi
Published: August 2022

Background:

This study is focused to establish a relationship between poor muscle activity face by obese individuals due to the change in stiffness of the intramuscular mass of the lower limb. This issue is also common among athletes and physically active teenagers.

Objective:

The study is aimed at a subject assessment diagnosis technique named as Strain Elastography (SE)to measure muscle strain. Further, Finite Element Modelling (FEM) technique is used to investigate the strain and/or deformations generated in the Achilles Tendon (AT) models which were categorized according to their Body Mass Index (BMI) through computationally applied loadings.

Methods:

Total 54 volunteers with an average age of 21.85 ± 1.28 years were categorized into three groups according to their BMI (kg/m2); under BMI < 18.5 (n=14), normal BMI = 18.5-24.9 (n=20) and over BMI/obese > 25.0 (n=20). Additionally, multiple correlational analyses were performed between full range of BMI values and SE outcome.

Results:

Presence of significant difference (p<0.05) was measured between different categories for BMI, BFMI, FFMI, DLFC, tendon length, tendon thickness and SR. Moreover, multiple correlational analyses and scatter plot strengthen the results. For FEM simulations, the maximum deformation was observed at the proximal end of the tendon in all three groups.

Conclusion:

It can be concluded that change in tendon stiffness and resulting change in tendon structure was visualized with increased BMI. Moreover, obese individuals are more prone to tendon injury due to the increment in tendon thickness which causes bulging of the AT due to higher loads.
Caracterización, calibración y aplicación en radioterapia de un sistema dosimétrico basado en detectores AL2O3: C
Authors: Márquez Pachas José Fernando , Guzman Calcina Carmen Sandra , Aymar Alejos Jesus , Carrasco Solis Eduardo , Herrera Castillo Carlos , Patino Camargo Galo , Solano Salinas Javier , Méndez Velásquez Juan Abraham , Alva Zavaleta Rolando Juan , Villaverde Herrera Jessenia Brillit
Published: August 2022

En radioterapia es fundamental contar con un sistema dosimétrico alternativo para identificar posibles errores en alguna etapa del proceso. La tecnología de luminiscencia ópticamente estimulada (OSL), representa un gran avance en la detección de radiaciones en diferentes áreas, siendo una de ellas en el área de dosimetría clínica. Objetivo: Implementar un sistema dosimétrico alternativo, basado en la tecnología OSL de cristales de óxido de aluminio dopados con carbono. Material y métodos: Detectores de Al2O3: C denominados "nanodot", lector MicroStar, cámaras de ionización (Standard Imaging y PTW Freiburg), electrómetros (PTW-Freiburg y MNCNP) y demás accesorios. Resultados: El procedimiento dosimétrico - algorítmico, desarrollado para el cálculo de la dosis adsorbida en el volumen tumoral, reproduce los valores de dosis con incertidumbres menores al 2% para un nivel de confianza del 95% y con diferencias relativas menores al 5% en comparación con los valores de las dosis absorbidas prescritas y / o previstas en los tratamientos de radioterapia. Conclusiones: Los detectores nanodot representan una alternativa viable para la realización de la verificación de la dosis absorbida en el paciente durante la práctica radioterapéutica para la verificación de la dosis prescrita e impartida mediante la dosimetría in vivo. Su calidad para preservar la información, como testigo físico del procedimiento, contribuye seguridad en los tratamientos.
Estudio mediante simulación numérica de una planta de procesos textiles para aprovechamiento de energía residual
Authors: Peraldo Ramos Anita Etelvina , Ramos Alvarez Nain Maximo , Terán Castañeda Adrián Alejandro , Uchuya López Juan José
Published: August 2022

Actualmente, las plantas de procesos textiles necesitan un control de las condiciones asociadas al proceso de hilandería, siendo la climatización de los ambientes de trabajo un factor importante en la calidad y productividad de estos procesos. Los beneficios obtenidos a partir de la optimización de esta climatización ayudan a orientar un menor consumo de energía, contribuyendo en la mejora del posicionamiento de los productos y aportando rentabilidad en los procesos de operación. Debido a las ventajas que son obtenidas en el proceso de climatización, el presente trabajo propone un sistema que permita reutilizar la energía residual, generada en la salida de los ductos de ventilación. Esta energía residual es ingresada a la planta para disminuir las altas temperaturas observadas en el sobre techo. Consecuentemente, este enfoque generará una disminución en la demanda del servicio del sistema de climatización y reduce los costos operativos. También, para verificar esta propuesta es realizada una simulación numérica multifísico y es comparada con un sistema convencional de climatización. La simulación incorpora modelos de turbulencia para representar el flujo en los ductos de ventilación. Además, esta simulación considerada la transferencia de calor que es generada por los equipos que operan en esta planta textil. Los resultados de la simulación multifísico muestran los campos de temperatura, líneas de flujo, entre otros datos importantes obtenidos desde la simulación numérica. Todos los resultados son dados para una sección del ambiente de estas plantas y verifican la eficiencia de la propuesta de este trabajo.
Key Strategies to Reduce Waiting Time in Outpatient Pharmacy
Authors: Rahmawati Menis , Wardhani Viera
Published: August 2022

Waiting time in the outpatient pharmacy is still a problem in hospitals. This study aimed to identify the root causes and implement solutions to reduce the waiting time at a type C hospital. This study applied a descriptive approach. The potential causes were identified using HFMEA (Healthcare Failure Mode Effect and Analysis) confirmed through an online survey on 15 staff involved in pharmacy services. Scoring and Focus Group Discussion were used to identify the priority problems and solutions. The study results revealed six causing factors of the lengthy waiting time at the outpatient pharmacy, which were doctor's schedule, absence of specific time target for each drug preparation stage, changes of the drug storage, drug stock different from the planning, incomplete standard operating procedures, and one counter for prescription collection and drug dispensing. Three solutions were implemented in six days: checking drug stock in every shift, developing an SOP, and separating the counters for prescription collection and drug dispensing. The implementation results showed a significant increase in the waiting time percentage of compounded drugs, which met the standard (≤60 minutes) from 26% to 43%. This increase was even higher for non-compounded drug waiting time (<20), from 27% to 48%. Drug stock checking, procedure standardization, and separation of service counters are the keys to reducing outpatient pharmacy waiting time.
Role of Stocktaking Application using Barcode Scanning in Improving Stock Conformity in Hospital Pharmacy Installation
Authors: Halim Ratna Suryati , Fitriasari Nikma
Published: August 2022

One of the most important managerial activities for hospitals is an internal control activity for drug supplies, including during the Covid-19 pandemic. A preliminary study at Graha Sehat Medika hospital (GSM hospital) showed that the inaccuracy of stocktaking results in the last six months was 40% -70%. The solution taken is the use of "SO PINTAR RS" application with barcode scanning. The purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness of "SO PINTAR RS" application with barcode scanning in improving the accuracy of the stocktaking results at GSM hospital. The method used in this research is quasi-experimental. The data used is primary data from stocktaking activities in July-November 2020. A total of 162 drug items were used as research samples taken from the purposive sampling technique. The discrepancy between drug items in the hospital management information system (HIS) and the physical count results before and after using the application was measured in this study. The analysis of the results was carried out through nonparametric statistical tests with the Wilcoxon test. The results showed a significant difference in the results of stocktaking activities before and after using "SO PINTAR RS" application (p <0.001). The difference between the calculation results of the stocktaking with the data in the HIS decreased significantly. In addition, using this application can reduce the number of staff involved and reduce the loss of uncounted medicine items. This application is still not linked to HIS, so it is necessary to manually merge the results into HIS.
Loss of Linen Stock at Puri Bunda Mother and Child Hospital: What Affects This?
Authors: Drie Ivan , Ratri Devita Rahmani , Nuthea Merry
Published: August 2022

An insufficient number of linens, lack of linen cleanliness, and untimely linen provision will affect patient satisfaction, service quality, and hospital financing. Data at Puri Bunda Mother and Child Hospital Malang showed 108 linen loss incidents from the initial stock of 792 linens. This study was conducted to identify the factors that influence linen loss at Puri Bunda Mother and Child Hospital Malang. The root of the problems was identified through observations, interviews, and Focus Group Discussion (FGD) with the laundry staff, followed by analysis using a fishbone diagram and creating a Pareto diagram to select the main root of the problems. The study results indicate the absence of hospital policies that regulate the technical management of linen, weak evaluation monitoring, and inadequate linen management planning that contribute to the incidence of linen loss.
Why Do Inpatient Visits Decrease during the Covid-19 Pandemic? A Case Study in Hospital, Malang Regency
Authors: Lukito Anggun Agatha Cristy , Widyaningrum Kurnia
Published: August 2022

The Covid-19 pandemic has caused a decreasing number of non-Covid-19 inpatient visits in almost all hospitals, including the hospital where the study was conducted, which experienced decreasing Bed Occupancy Rate (BOR) up to 35.5%. This study aimed to identify the factors causing the decrease in the number of inpatients at the hospital. The research was conducted using a case study approach at a type D hospital in Malang Regency. Data was collected through a Focus Group Discussion (FGD) analyzed using a Fishbone Diagram combined with 5 whys and triangulation using secondary data and surveys. FGD respondents determined were eight respondents consisting of the Head of Inpatient Room, the Coordinator of Inpatient Room, the Coordinator of Outpatient, the Head of the Public Relations and Marketing Unit, and the Coordinator of the Admission Department. The results show that the causes can originate from human, method, market, and environmental aspects. Distrust in hospitals is caused by negative stigmatization and instructions to delay hospital services and communication barriers due to media as a consequence of implementing health protocols.
Why the Emergency Department Visit Decreased during the Covid-19 Pandemic? Case Study in Hospital, Malang Regency
Authors: Kusumawati Anita Mardiana , Widyaningrum Kurnia
Published: August 2022

During the 2020 Covid-19 pandemic, emergency department experienced a drastic decreasing visit that could disrupt hospital financing. This study was conducted to identify the root cause of the declining ED visit. The study was conducted descriptively from FGD involving eight selected respondents, surveys on 83 patients regarding service perceptions and satisfaction, as well as secondary data on visits and requests of discharge against medical advice. The results showed that the decreasing visit was due to the patient's refusal on treatment in the isolation room, the staff's skills to provide communication and education, and the potential of cooperation termination from partners. Those refusals were due to the patient's perception of hospital services and the differences in patient needs on health protocols resulted from the lack of individual and organizational communication. Hospitals need to build staff's skills in communication and education as well as intensive communication strategies with partners to communicate policies and service system changes so that trust and a positive image are built.
Relationship between Knowledge and Preparedness Levels of ER Staff on Pre-Triage System Implementation
Authors: Yuvita Emilda , Fitriasari Nikma , Harjayanti Nofita Dwi
Published: August 2022

The Emergency Department (ED), as the main entrance of health service access in hospitals, faces the highest infection risk and high service load due to the increasing number of patients during the Covid-19 pandemic. Implementing a pre-triage system offers a solution to deal with a surge in the number of patients who demand staff preparedness. This study aimed to determine the knowledge level on the pre-triage system and its relationship with the preparedness of emergency room staff in implementing the pre-triage system. The study was conducted with a cross-sectional approach in a private type C hospital in Malang District on all 30 ER staff as respondents. The research instrument used were questionnaires. Data analysis was done using descriptive analysis and the Fisher exact test. The results show that although 76.7% of respondents have insufficient knowledge, 86.7% of respondents are ready to implement the pre-triage system. The test results prove that there is no relationship between the knowledge and the preparedness levels of the emergency room staff in implementing the pre-triage system.
Carbon bonds, a sustainability alternative in the Chimborazo Fauna Production Reserve
Authors: Vistin Guamantaqui Daniel Adrián , Muñoz Jácome Eduardo Antonio , Ati Cutiupala Guicela Margoth , Vaca-Cárdenas Mónica Elva
Published: August 2022

Payments for environmental services are part of a new and more direct conservation paradigm, which explicitly recognizes the need to create bridges between the interests of landowners and service users. Thus, the soil of the Chimborazo Fauna Production Reserve is a carbon reservoir. Then, it is here where there is a need to conduct scientific studies on its carbon storage capacity under different types of vegetation coverage. For this purpose, researchers elaborated cells for each ecosystem with the help of a geographic information system employing geoprocessing tools; a total of 819 sampling sites were established in 58560 ha. The samples were taken at a depth of 0 cm - 30 cm, and the results were entered into a database in ARC GIS, where a mask was created, extrapolating the carbon content in the entire reserve area. As a result, a higher C content was evidenced in the evergreen forest (BsSN01) and grassland (HsSn02) of the moorland, with 378.16 Mg of organic carbon (OC) and in total, 4 379581.43 Mg of OC that can be offered to the international market in carbon bonds. In this sense, it is necessary to evaluate from an economic-environmental perspective the ecosystem services that the Chimborazo Wildlife Production Reserve offers, in this case, as a carbon store in the soil, so that the economic stimuli are attractive for landowners.
Molecular Detection of Newcastle Disease Virus from Field Outbreaks in Assam, India
Authors: Deka Pubaleem , Das Sangeeta , Deka Pankaj , Nath Mrinal Kumar , Hazarika Ritam , Das Gunajit , Sarma Mihir
Published: August 2022

The present study was carried out to detect the circulating Newcastle disease virus (NDV) from various field outbreaks in Assam during 2018-2021. Nine hundred ninety-two clinical and post mortem samples were collected from the backyard and commercial poultry and subjected to molecular detection by Reverse Transcriptase-Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-PCR). NDV could be detected in 445 (n=757, 58.78%) tissue samples and 53 (n=235, 22.55%) cloacal swabs collected from suspected poultry cases by RT-PCR. The findings of our study suggests that the sample of choice for detection of NDV from tissue samples was trachea (n=85, 92.94%), followed by spleen (n=96, 90.62%), lung (n=92, 86.95%), caecal tonsils (n=96, 77.08%), proventriculus (n=74, 60.81%), brain (n=92, 48.91%), intestines (n=73, 31.50%), kidney (n=52, 23.07%), and cloacal swab (n=235, 22.55%) by RT-PCR. Hence, the collection of specific tissue samples from field outbreaks for the detection of NDV is of paramount importance. In addition, RT-PCR can be considered a highly sensitive detection method for rapid and confirmative diagnosis of Newcastle disease virus.
A Medieval Surgery, Illustrated: The First Recorded Surgical Separation of Conjoined Twins
Authors: Zamora Krista , Birnfeld Caroline Da Rocha , Barrios Andrew
Published: August 2022

Vol 3. No. 3 (2022)

This issue of SourceLab introduces readers to an example of a Byzantine surgery undertaken in the tenth century, preserved in the Madrid Skylitzes, a twelfth-century illustrated manuscript. 

This publication is part of the digital documentary edition series SourceLab, based at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign. Our Editorial Board conducts rigorous peer-review of every edition.
The Impact of Nonrandom Missingness in Surveillance Data for Population-Level Summaries: Simulation Study
Authors: Weiss Paul Samuel , Waller Lance Allyn
Published: August 2022

Background

Surveillance data are essential public health resources for guiding policy and allocation of human and capital resources. These data often consist of large collections of information based on nonrandom sample designs. Population estimates based on such data may be impacted by the underlying sample distribution compared to the true population of interest. In this study, we simulate a population of interest and allow response rates to vary in nonrandom ways to illustrate and measure the effect this has on population-based estimates of an important public health policy outcome.

Objective

The aim of this study was to illustrate the effect of nonrandom missingness on population-based survey sample estimation.

Methods

We simulated a population of respondents answering a survey question about their satisfaction with their community’s policy regarding vaccination mandates for government personnel. We allowed response rates to differ between the generally satisfied and dissatisfied and considered the effect of common efforts to control for potential bias such as sampling weights, sample size inflation, and hypothesis tests for determining missingness at random. We compared these conditions via mean squared errors and sampling variability to characterize the bias in estimation arising under these different approaches.

Results

Sample estimates present clear and quantifiable bias, even in the most favorable response profile. On a 5-point Likert scale, nonrandom missingness resulted in errors averaging to almost a full point away from the truth. Efforts to mitigate bias through sample size inflation and sampling weights have negligible effects on the overall results. Additionally, hypothesis testing for departures from random missingness rarely detect the nonrandom missingness across the widest range of response profiles considered.

Conclusions

Our results suggest that assuming surveillance data are missing at random during analysis could provide estimates that are widely different from what we might see in the whole population. Policy decisions based on such potentially biased estimates could be devastating in terms of community disengagement and health disparities. Alternative approaches to analysis that move away from broad generalization of a mismeasured population at risk are necessary to identify the marginalized groups, where overall response may be very different from those observed in measured respondents.
PREHRAMBENA SIGURNOST KAO ČINILAC NACIONALNE BEZBEDNOSTI
Authors: Arsic Slavisa , Kovac Mitar
Published: August 2022

Sigurnost u snabdevanju hranom je egzistencijalna potreba i globalni izazov. Eventualna nestabilnost ili diskontinuitet u prehrani stanovništva ugrožava nacionalnu bezbednost države, stvara uslove za izbijanje konflikta i predstavlja podjednaku pretnju za regionalnu i globalnu bezbednost. Država svojom nacionalnom politikom treba da omogući svakom stanovniku permanentan pristup optimalnoj količini zdrave i punovredne hrane iz dugoročno održivih izvora. Paradigma pristupa hrani preko razmene roba na svetskom tržištu u uslovima multi-polarnog sveta postaje ograničavajući faktor očuvanja suvereniteta države i instrument za usmeravanje političkih odluka koje ne odražavaju nacionalne interese. U takvim okolnostima potrebno je revidirati i zakonodavno artikulisati kauzalnu povezanost ishrane stanovništva i nacionalne bezbednosti u cilju celishodnijeg suočavanja sa izazovima novog vremena.