bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The tumor-infiltrating effector regulatory T cell:CD8+ lymphocyte ratio in invasive breast cancer
Authors: Okada Morihito , Goda Noriko , Sasada Shinsuke , Shigematsu Hideo , Masumoto Norio , Shiroma Noriyuki , Arihiro Koji , Kadoya Takayuki , Kidani Yujiro , Ohkura Naganari , Nishikawa Hiroyoshi , Sakaguchi Shimon
Published: July 2019

Background

Tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) in breast cancer comprise immunostimulating and immunosuppressive components. Although FOXP3+ TILs are prototypical immunosuppressive TILs, only effector regulatory T cells (eTreg), a subset of immunosuppressive FOXP3+ TILs, are undetectable on immunohistochemical staining. This study aimed to evaluate the immunosuppressive potential of eTregs and the role of prototypical immunostimulatory CD8+ TILs in invasive breast cancer.

Methods

Fresh TILs extracted from 84 invasive breast cancer patients were analyzed via flow cytometry. We evaluated eTregs (CD4+FOXP3highCD45RA−), other FOXP3+ Treg subsets (naïve and non-Tregs), and total CD8+CD4- TILs. Clinicopathological factors, including histopathological characteristics, were also assessed.

Results

The median eTreg proportion of the total CD4+TILs was 18.7% (interquartile range [IQR], 16.4–25.5%); CD8+TILs, 124% (IQR, 87.5–140%). The proportion of eTregs to total FOXP3+ TILs varied (median, 65.6%; range, 10.1–93.2%). In an immunosuppression assay, only eTregs displayed potent immunosuppression; however, other Treg subsets did not. Among 39 patients who received neoadjuvant chemotherapy, eTreg subsets and pathological compete response (pCR) did not differ significantly, while pCR rates were significantly higher among individuals with a high than those with a low CD8+/eTreg ratio (90.2% vs 33.3%; P<0.05). Among all patients, a high CD8+/eTreg ratio tended to be associated with better disease-free survival rather than a low CD8+/eTreg ratio (P=0.09).

Conclusions

The CD8+/eTreg ratio is simple, optimal indicator of cancer immunity, and a high CD8+/eTreg ratio enhances the prognosis and treatment response in invasive breast cancer patients. However, further studies are required to validate the present findings.
Pretreatment heterogeneous enhancement pattern of hepatocellular carcinoma can be new predictor for early response to lenvatinib
Authors: Kawamura Yusuke , Kobayashi Masahiro , Shindoh Junichi , Kobayashi Yuta , Kasuya Kayoko , Sano Tomoya , Fujiyama Shunichiro , Hosaka Tetsuya , Saitoh Satoshi , Sezaki Hitomi , Akuta Norio , Suzuki Fumitaka , Suzuki Yoshiyuki , Ikeda Kenji , Arase Yasuji , Hashimoto Masaji , Kumada Hiromitsu
Published: July 2019

Background: The aims of this study were to identify useful predictors of early tumor response to lenvatinib, and to evaluate the utility of estimation of tumor differentiation from pretreatment image analysis.
Methods: We evaluated 37 consecutive patients with unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) diagnosed by dynamic computed tomography (CT) who received lenvatinib. Pretreatment arterial- and portal-phase dynamic CT images were classified into three enhancement patterns: Type-2 is a homogeneous enhancement pattern with increased arterial blood flow; Type-3 is a heterogeneous enhancement pattern with a septum-like structure; and Type-4 is a heterogeneous enhancement pattern with irregularly shaped ring structures. Generally, macroscopic classification of the nodular type of SNEG and CMN types strongly relates to the Type-3 enhancement pattern, and histologically, the Type-1 enhancement pattern represents well-differentiated HCC, while the Type-2 and -3 patterns represent moderately-differentiated HCC; the Type-4 enhancement pattern is a significantly specific feature for predicting poorly-differentiated HCC.　Treatment response was evaluated using mRECIST at 8–12 weeks after initiation of lenvatinib.
Results: In early treatment response evaluation, 6 of 37 patients (16%) achieved a complete response (CR), 22 (59%) experienced a partial response (PR), 6 (16%) had stable disease (SD), and 3 (8%) had progressive disease (PD); therefore, 28 of 37 patients (76%) experienced an objective response (OR). By dynamic CT enhancement pattern using mRECIST, the objective response rate (ORR) was significantly elevated along with increasing heterogeneity of enhancement pattern from Type-2 (54%) to Type-4 pattern (89%; P=0.046). Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that a pretreatment dynamic CT heterogeneous enhancement pattern (Type-3 and -4) (hazard ratio, 6.12; P=0.040) is a useful predictor of early OR.
Conclusion: Lenvatinib provided a good early treatment response in patients with unresectable HCC. Estimation of tumor differentiation using image analysis was also useful for predicting early tumor response.
Clinical outcomes of colistin in combination with either 6-g sulbactam or carbapenems for the treatment of extensively drug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii pneumonia with high MIC to sulbactam, a prospective cohort study
Authors: Ungthammakhun Chutchawan , Vasikasin Vasin , Changpradub Dhitiwat
Published: July 2019

Background: Extensively drug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii (XDRAB) is an important cause of nosocomial pneumonia with limited therapeutic options. Colistin based regimen is recommended treatment. Which drugs should be combined with colistin remains uncertain. The aim of this study was to investigate the clinical outcomes of patients with XDRAB pneumonia who were treated with colistin, combined with either 6-g sulbactam or carbapenems, in the setting of high MIC to sulbactam.
Methods: In this prospective cohort study, hospitalized patients diagnosed with XDRAB pneumonia in Phramongkutklao Hospital were enrolled. The primary outcome was the 28-day mortality. Secondary outcomes were 7 and 14-day mortality, length of stay, ventilator days and factors associated with mortality.
Results: From 1 July 2016 to 30 September 2017, 192 patients were included; 92 received colistin plus sulbactam and 90 received colistin plus carbapenems. Most of the patients were male diagnosed with ventilator associated pneumonia in medical intensive care unit. Overall mortality rates at 7, 14, 28 days were 24.2%, 37.4%, 53.3%, respectively. Mortality rates did not differ between sulbactam group and carbapenems groups at 7 days (19.6% vs. 28.9%, p-value 0.424, adjusted HR 1.277; 95% CI = 0.702-2.322), 14 days (34.8% vs. 40%, p = 0.658, adjusted HR 1.109; 95% CI = 0.703-1.749) and 28 days (51.1% vs. 55.6%, p = 0.857, adjusted HR 1.038; 95% CI = 0.690-1.562). Length of stay, ICU days and ventilator days did not differ. Complications of treatment including acute kidney injury were not statistically different.
Conclusions: In XDRAB pneumonia with high MIC to sulbactam, mortality rates were not statistically significant between colistin plus 6-g sulbactam and colistin plus carbapenems.
Keywords: XDR A. baumannii pneumonia, mortality rate, colistin based, sulbactam, carbapenems
Did we take physical therapy serious after lithotripsy: a meta-analysis of prospective studies
Authors: Peng Linjie , Wen Junjun , Zeng Guohua , Zhong Wen
Published: July 2019

Background

Stone-free rate (SFR) after lithotripsy was one of the most frequent concerned issue, especially in patients following extracorporeal shockwave lithotripsy (ESWL) and flexible ureteroscopy (retrograde intrarenal surgery, RIRS). Physical therapy including percussion, inversion, physical vibration and their combinations was administrated to improve the SFR, but there was no conclusive evidence to support this theory. To conclude the effectiveness and safety of physical therapy on the SFR in patients received ESWL/RIRS.

Methods

We systematically reviewed the literature focused on physical therapy in patients after ESWL/RIRS on PubMed, Scopus, Cochrane library and Embase from 2000 to 2019 April. We mainly focused on stone-free rate and complications rate.

Results

Nine prospective studies including 8 randomized control trials and 1 non-randomized study were enrolled, and 1747 subjects were analyzed. All the physical therapy we enrolled was finally concluded into EPVL (external physical vibration lithecbole) and PDI (percussion, diuresis and inversion). Compared to conventional group, physical therapy provided a higher SFR (OR: 2.68; 95% CI: 1.74–4.12; P = 0.0001), especially SFR in lower calyx stones (OR: 3.60; 95% CI: 2.26-5.73; P= 0.0001). In subgroup analysis, EPVL (OR: 2.28; 95% CI: 1.27–4.07; P =0.005) and PDI (OR: 3.51; 95% CI: 1.96–6.26; P = 0.0001) were both effective. Drinking e enough water before treatment was supposed to increase the SFR (OR: 3.31; 95% CI: 2.39–4.60; p = 0.0001). Otherwise, medical intervention such as furosemide (OR: 5.21; 95% CI: 0.53–50.72; P = 0.156) and tamsulosin (OR: 1.05; 95% CI: 0.61–1.82; P = 0.855) did not improve the SFR. No significant difference was detected in terms of complications rates (OR: 0.83; 95% CI: 0.61–1.14; P = 0.25).

Conclusions

EPVL or PDI were both effective and safe in increasing the SFR after ESWL/RIRS, but its effectiveness was limited in LCS. Drinking enough water before physical therapy helped to improve the SFR. The role of furosemide and tamsulosin in physical therapy or surgery need to be testified by large-scale, high-quality studies.
Association of preoperative urethral parameters on magnetic resonance imaging and immediate recovery of continence following Retzius-sparing robot-assisted radical prostatectomy
Authors: Li Youjian , Qiu Xuefeng , Li Weijian , Lu Wenfeng , Chen Mengxia , Gao Jie , Yang Yang , Zhuang Junlong , Li Xiaogong , Guo Hongqian
Published: July 2019

Purpose

Studies regarding predictive factors of urinary continence following Retzius-sparing radical prostatectomy is limited. This study was designed to evaluate association of urethral parameters on preoperative magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and immediate recovery of urinary continence following Retzius-sparing robot assisted radical prostatectomy (RS-RARP).

Materials and Methods

This retrospective cohort study enrolled 156 patients with clinically localized prostate cancer who underwent MRI before RS-RARP. We measured the following structures on preoperative MRI: minimal residual membranous urethral length (mRUL), peri-urethral sphincter complex (PSC) thickness, urethral wall thickness (UWT), the thicknesses of the levator ani muscle (LAM) and obturator internus muscle (OIM). Immediate urinary continence was defined as patients reported freedom from using safety pad within 7 days after removal of urinary catheter. Patients were divided into two groups according the median of each parameter on MRI. We retrospectively analyzed the patients in term of preoperative clinical factors and postoperative urinary continence.

Results

A total of 100 patients (64.1%) reported immediate urinary continence after RS-RARP. Immediate urinary continence was significantly more in patients with longer mRUL (≥ 8.70 mm) than in patients with shorter mRUL (< 8.70 mm; P= 0.000). On multivariable analysis, longer mRUL was significantly related to immediate urinary continence after RS-RAPA (odds ratio, 8.265, P= 0.000). PSC, UWT, LAM and OIM were not associated with immediate urinary continence.

Conclusions

Our results firstly demonstrated that preoperative mRUL measured on MRI was an independent predictor of immediate urinary continence following RS-RARP. Therefore, preservation of membranous urethra is still the anatomical basis of better urinary outcome after RS-RARP.
Characteristics of Brevibacillus laterosporus B-13186 Strain with Wide Spectrum of Antagonistic Activity
Authors: Kuznetsova N.I. , Nikolaenko M.A. , Bunina O.V. , Azizbekyan R.R.
Published: July 2019

As a result of screening of spore-forming bacteria, a B-13186 strain with a wide spectrum of antagonistic activity identified as Brevibacillus laterosporus by the analysis of sequences of variable sites of 16S rRNA was selected. Morphological, cultural and biochemical characteristics of the strain were studied. A distinctive feature of the strain is the presence of a canoe-like inclusion formed in sporangia and attached to the mature spore, as well as the ability to synthesize round-shaped crystalline inclusions. The strain was shown to be active against various species of gram-positive bacteria including S. aureus (MRSA), against phytopathogenic fungi Fusarium solani, Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, Phoma solanicola, Rhizoctonia solani and Botrytis cinerea and against microalgae Nostoc spp., Anabaena spp., Microсystis spp., Chlorella spp., Amorphonostoc spp. and Synechocystis spp. Brevibacillus laterosporus, spore-forming bacteria, microalgae, phytopathogenic fungi, crystalline inclusions.
Long-term in vitro Storage Technique of Valuable Birch Genotypes and Plant Production on its Basis
Authors: Tabatskaya T.M. , Vnukova N.I.
Published: July 2019

A technique for the long-term (up to 27 years) in vitro storage of valuable birch genotypes under normal (25 °C, 2.0 klx, 16-h day and 8-h night) and low temperature (4 °C, 0.5 klx, 6-h day and 18-h night) growing conditions on hormone-free media has been described. The study explored for the first time the influence of different strategies to store the clones of Betula pubescens and B. pendula var. сarelica (6 genotypes) on the regenerative capacity of collection samples, adaptive potential of regenerated plants and plant production by the in vitro and ex vitro techniques. It was established that both storage strategies provided a persistently high survival rate (82-100%) and regenerative capacity of in vitro shoots (the multiplication coefficient of 4.2-6.3 and rhizogenic activity of 90-100%). The clones retained their characteristics of height growth under the in vitro and ex vitro conditions, and demonstrated intraclonal homogeneity and lack of signs of somaclonal variability. The plants showed substantial interspecific differences at the stage of multiplication and transfer to the greenhouse. The highest percentage of acclimated plants (75-98% depending on the clone genotype) was obtained after planting of micro plants straight in the greenhouse, which simplified the technology and made plant production less costly.

long-term in vitro storage, birch, species, genotype, micropropagation, ex vitro adaptation, plant material
El pasaje temporal: entre la física y la experiencia
Authors: López Cristian
Published: July 2019

En filosofía de la física y filosofía del tiempo existe una extendida tesis que afirma que nuestra experiencia del pasaje temporal es ilusoria, que no tiene correlato objetivo con el mundo natural de acuerdo a nuestras mejores teorías físicas. En particular, en la medida en que las leyes dinámicas de tales teorías son temporalmente simétricas y no permiten distinguir entre ambas direcciones temporales, la asimetría temporal experimentada debería ser considerada como algo puramente subjetivo. En este artículo argumentaré que tenemos sólidos motivos para poner en duda tal tesis. En primer lugar, no es claro en qué medida tenemos experiencia efectiva del pasaje temporal. En segundo lugar, es cuestionable que nuestras leyes dinámicas sean temporalmente simétrica, y que si lo fueran, que éstas sirvan como argumento en contra de una hipotética experiencia del pasaje temporal.
Özel Gereksinimli Çocuğa Sahip Ebeveynlerin Sosyal Destek Algılarının ve Yılmazlık Düzeylerinin İncelenmesi
Authors: AYSEVER Harun , SAKALLI DEMİROK Mukaddes
Published: July 2019

Bu araştırma özel gereksinimli çocuğa sahip
ebeveynlerin sosyal destek algılarının ve yılmazlık düzeylerinin incelenmesi
amacıyla yapılmıştır. Betimsel araştırma yöntemlerinden ilişkisel tarama modeli
kullanılarak desenlenlenmiştir. Araştırmanın çalışma grubu özel gereksinimli
çocuğa sahip 128 anne ve 34 baba oluşturmaktadır. Veri toplama aracı olarak, Kişisel
Bilgi Formu, Kaner, (2010) tarafından geliştirilen “Yenilenmiş Anne-Baba Sosyal Destek Ölçeği”,
Kaner ve Bayraklı (2010)
tarafından geliştirilen “Aile Yılmazlık
Ölçeği” kullanılmıştır. Verilerin analizinde ANOVA, Mann
Whitney U Testi, Kruskal Wallis H-Testi ve Tamhane’s T2 analizi uygulanmıştır.
Araştırma sonucunda annelerin babalara kıyasla daha mücadeleci oldukları,
ebeveynlerin yaşlarının artmasıyla sosyal etkinliklere katıldıkları, gelecekle
ilgili planlarda onları destekleyen birilerinin olduğu, yaşamlarını kontrol
edebildikleri belirlenmiştir. Algıladıkları bakım desteği dışında, sosyal
destek algılarının ve yılmazlık düzeylerinin onların oturdukları yerleşim
bölgeleri üzerinde bir farklılık yaratmadığı, çocuk sayısının az olması
çocuklarının bakımlarını daha kolay sağladıklarında etkisi olduğu sonucuna
ulaşılmıştır. Ebeveynlerin yakınlarıyla yüzyüze ve telefonla görüşmeleri,
birbirlerinin evine gidip gelmeleri ve çeşitli nedenlerle dışarı çıkma
sıklığıyla ilgili sorunların olmadığı belirlenmiş
Down Sendromlu Çocuğa Sahip Annelerin Aile Gereksinimlerinin Belirlenmesi ve Sosyal Destek Algılarına Yönelik Görüşleri
Authors: TOKER Merih , BAŞGÜL Ş.senem , ÖZAYDIN Latife
Published: July 2019

Bu çalışmanın amacı; Down sendromlu çocuğu olan annelerin sosyal
destek algıları hakkındaki görüşlerinin belirlenmesi ve bu çerçevede aile
gereksinimlerinin incelenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Araştırmaya Gaziantep ilinden, 20
Down Sendromlu (DS) bireylerin anneleri dahil edilmiştir. Nitel olarak desenlenen ve yarı yapılandırılmış görüşme verileri
anneler ile görüşme sonucu elde edilmiş, içerik analizi ile değerlendirilmiştir.
Araştırma bulgularında; DS
tanısı almış çocuğa sahip annelerin, çocuklarının normal gelişim gösteren
akranlarına göre bireysel farklılıkları olduğunu belirttikleri, ancak toplum
yaşamında bu farklılıkların çocukları ve kendilerini olumsuz yönde etkilemeden
sosyal kabul görmeleri istekleri olduğu belirlenmiştir. Gerek okul öncesi gerek
ilkokul ve ilerleyen yaşamlarında çocuklarının yasal haklara bağlı hizmetlerden
yararlanma düzeylerini düşük olarak belirten anneler, özellikle yerel
yönetimler, sivil toplum kuruluşlarından destek beklediklerini
vurgulamışlardır. Çalışmanın bir diğer önemli bulgusu, annelerin çocuklarının hangi
alanlarda eksiklikleri olduğu ve neler yapabilecekleri gibi konularda bilgiye
gereksinimleri olduğunu ifade etmeleridir. DS'li çocuklarının ihtiyaçlarını
karşılamak ve daha iyi eğitim olanaklarından faydalanmak için maddi gereksinime
ihtiyaçları olduğunu ifade etmişlerdir. Anneler en çok çocuklarının eğitimi ve
sosyal becerileri konularında gelişmelerini istediklerini belirtmişlerdir. Sistematik bir denetlenmenin olması gerektiğini vurgu yapan
anneler, sosyal aktivitelerin düzenlenmesi için yönetim birimlerine yönelik
ihtiyaçlarını dile getirmişlerdir.
Infusing Local Tradition Values into School Culture: How Indonesian Islamic School Set Up Character Education?
Authors: Mulyadin M , Jaedun Amat
Published: July 2019

The purpose of this study is to reveal the internalization of the maja labo dahu values in character education. The method used is a case study with a qualitative approach. The determination of the research subject is carried out by purposive technique consisting of students and people in MTs Negeri 1 Bima. The sources of data are oral sources, artifacts, documents, and written records. Data are collected through observation, interviews, and documentation. Data validity test is carried out by using triangulation. Data are analyzed by using qualitative analysis techniques of interaction model with steps of data collection, data reduction, data presentation, and conclusions. The results showed that the values of the maja labo dahu are in accordance with the values in character education, namely religious values, honesty, discipline, independence, patriotism, and environmental awareness. Besides, these values have effectively provided moral knowledge to students. The constraints experienced by schools in internalizing these values in character education are the lack of consistency of students parents or the surrounding environment in supporting and developing the cultural values of the maja labo dahu.
Family Suicide Bombing: A Psychological Analysis of Contemporary Terrorism
Authors: Widyaningsih Rindha , Kuntarto K
Published: July 2019

Terrorist organizations are now transforming into small cells and spreading their ideology to various parts of the world. The acts of terrorism in the Surabaya bomb case provide a new paradigm of the involvement of family members or an inner circle in their actions. The involvement of family members is considerably related to some psychological aspects. This study aims to provide a psychological analysis of suicide bombing terrors involving family members. The data obtained were analyzed using the perspective of Moghaddam’s theory, ‘staircases to terrorism’. The result indicates that the suicide bomber who has brought their family members in the action has gone through these six stages of psychological aspects: (1) Search for meaning. Actors seeking self and social meaning and finding reasons from the radical ideology adopted; (2) Presenting the ideology. The idea arises to fight those who are considered to do injustice, and the desire to change the system of government and politics is legitimate; (3) Cultivation stage. The process of ideology processing justification for resistance to those who are considered to be doing injustices; (4) Control over members. The stages of correct or wrong assessment based on the fatwa of the leader; (5) Moral engagement. The stage of identity confirmation and the process of polarization of groups of friends and opponents; (6) Recruitment, which is the stage of active involvement in acts of terrorism ranging from planning, targeting, techniques used, time and location of targets to implementing recruitment.
Ibn ‘Arabi’s Influence on Ottoman Sufism in Üftade’s Views
Authors: Munji Ahmad , Çeyhan Semih
Published: July 2019

As a great figure, Ibn ‘Arabi’s thoughts greatly influenced the Sufis who came after him. In fact, some researchers in the field of Sufism say that there are new characteristics that have emerged in the history of Sufism after Ibn ‘Arabi, namely philosophical Sufism. The same influence can also be found in the tradition of Sufism thought on Ottoman, one of them is Üftade. In his work entitled Vâkıât, Üftade mentions Ibn ‘Arabi’s name more than 40 times in various topics of discussion. For example, Üftade claimed that he had met Ibn ‘Arabi several times in his dreams, Ibn ‘Arabi’s level of wilāyah and so on. By using the content analysis method, this paper tried to see how the Üftade’s view of Ibn ‘Arabi’s thoughts actually was, his works and his level of wilāyah among other Sufi figures.
Maqāṣid Al-Shariah in the Contemporary Islamic Legal Discourse: Perspective of Jasser Auda
Authors: Zaprulkhan Zaprulkhan
Published: July 2019

Nowadays, Muslims are facing various contemporary problems related to the discourse of fiqh or Islamic law. In this case, the old tradition of Islamic jurisprudence is no longer sufficient to answer those problems due to the changes in the context of space, time, culture, and contemporary sciences. Any effort to renew the aspect of methodology must be done in the field of uṣul al-fiqh not only in Islamic jurisprudence. This is the reason that methodological reconstruction is needed in order to make it is able to accommodate the various problems that are disturbing Muslims today. One of Muslim scholars who tried to reconstruct at the level of the methodology of maqāṣid al-shariah is Jasser Auda. For the purpose of reconstructing maqāṣid al-shariah fundamentally, Auda uses a philosophical approach that is multidisciplinary as well as open with various other relevant disciplines as a methodological framework for reforming the study of uṣul al-fiqh and Islamic law. Applying philosophical and historical approach this study found that Auda reconstructs maqāṣid al-shariah by offering six features: cognitive nature, wholeness, openness, interrelated hierarchy, multidimensionality, and purposefulness. Furthermore, Auda gives contribution to the development of Islamic law and human rights. This paper will explore reconstruction as well as the contribution of maqāṣid al-shariah promoted by Auda through the approach of the philosophy of the system.
The study on pressure pulsation of cooling circulating channel of magnetic drive pump
Authors: Gao Zhenjun , Hu Chaoqun , Liu Jianrui , Hong Feng
Published: July 2019

In order to study the layout and developments of pressure pulsation of the main flow passage component in magnetic drive pump, the full flow field numerical research of magnetic drive pump was done with CFX software, the pressure pulsation character of cooling circulating channel and external characteristic curve of pump were obtained. The reliability of the numerical calculation method is verified by the external characteristic test, and the pressure pulsation characteristics in the main flow components of the magnetic drive pump are studied. The results show that the main source of pressure pulsation in magnetic drive pump is the dynamic and static interference between impeller channel, pressurized water chamber and baffle tongue; the main frequency of cooling circulating channel is blade frequency and the pressure fluctuation amplitude of cooling circulation channel decreases with the increase of flow and the propagation of pressure fluctuation in cooling circulation channel weakens the intensity of pressure fluctuating.
СОВРЕМЕННЫЕ МЕТОДЫ ДИАГНОСТИКИ И ЛЕЧЕНИЯ РОТАВИРУСНЫХ КИШЕЧНЫХ ЗАБОЛЕВАНИЙ
Authors:   Ташкентская медицинская академия Узбекистан, Н.Т. Ёдгорова , З.С. Халилов , С.Т. Жумамуродов
Published: July 2019

This article provides an analysis of data on modern diagnostics, treatment methods and the value of rotoviruses in acute intestinal infections. According to modern data, rotavirus infection accounts for 20-60% of acute intestinal infections. Determination of rotaviruses in feces extract by enzyme immunoassay and polymerase chain reaction, are widely used today.
РОЛЬ МЕСТНОГО ИСПОЛЬЗОВАНИЯ КОНЪЮГИРОВАННОГО ЭСТРОГЕНА В УЛУЧШЕНИИ ИСХОДОВ ОПЕРАТИВНОГО ЛЕЧЕНИЯ ПРОЛАПСА ГЕНИТАЛИЙ
Authors:   Ташкентский институт усовершенствования врачей, Н.Б. Максумова , Р.Э. Ниязметов , Б.Б. Матякубов , З.Б. Усинова
Published: July 2019

The available surgical methods for the treatment of genital prolapse cannot guarantee the absence of complications in the postoperative period and relapse. In this article, we describe the possibilities of preventing postoperative complications and repeated episodes of prolapse of the genital organs of local hormonal therapy with conjugated estrogen (femistrone) preparations, which directly improves the regenerative processes in the tissues of the genitourinary system. Based on our clinical experience, we came to the conclusion about the high efficacy and safety of topical application of conjugated estrogen (femistrone) for 5-7 days in the preparation of the vaginal walls for surgical treatment.
Habitations, villages, and gram panchayats: local drinking water planning in rural India with a Pune district case study
Authors: Wescoat James L. , Shah Riddhi Pankaj , Singh Ranu , Murty J. V. R.
Published: July 2019

Improving rural drinking water services at the village level is a high priority in India. The National Rural Drinking Water Program (NRDWP) calls for village drinking water plans on an annual basis. However, planning data analysis and mapping are complicated by the different levels of local settlement that are involved. The aims of this paper are: first, to review how the term ‘village’ has come to refer to three different types of settlement for planning purposes in India; second, to show how each settlement type has different water data and Geographic Information System (GIS) map coverage; and third, to identify practical strategies for using these different data and mapping resources to develop rural drinking water plans. We address the first objective through a brief historical review of local government administration and drinking water database development in India. Challenges of data analysis and mapping are demonstrated through a case study of Pune district in Maharashtra. This challenge led to the identification of six practical strategies for coordinating the analysis of drinking water data and GIS mapping for planning purposes.
Faecal contamination of groundwater in rural Vanuatu: prevalence and predictors
Authors: Foster Tim , Willetts Juliet , Kotra Krishna Kumar
Published: July 2019

Groundwater is an important source of water for coastal communities in Pacific Island Countries. This study assessed the prevalence and predictors of faecal contamination in groundwater sources across 11 islands in Vanuatu. Escherichia coli was detected in 49% of sources and E. coli concentration exceeded 10 MPN (most probable number)/100 mL for 23% of sources. When adjusting for other variables, the detection of E. coli was significantly associated with severe pump stand corrosion, suggestive of contaminated run-off directly entering boreholes. E. coli concentration >10 MPN/100 mL was also significantly associated with: (i) hand-dug wells (as compared to drilled boreholes); (ii) severe pump stand corrosion; (iii) water points underlain by volcanic rocks (as compared to coral limestone); and (iv) rainfall in the previous 24 h. Encasing pump stands in concrete – as some communities had done – was found to have a significant protective effect. While baseline statistics for Sustainable Development Goal target 6.1 suggest that 87% of Vanuatu's rural population have access to at least a basic (improved) water source, the results from this study point to extensive microbial water quality concerns linked to degraded water supply infrastructure in need of rehabilitation.
Selenium Status in Elderly People: Longevity and Age-Related Diseases
Authors: Robberecht Harry , De Bruyne Tess , Davioud-Charvet Elisabeth , Mackrill John , Hermans Nina
Published: July 2019

Background:

Selenium (Se) is a trace element active in selenoproteins, which can regulate oxidative stress. It is generally perceived as an import factor for maintaining health in the elderly.

Methods:

The goal of this review is to discuss selenium concentration in biological samples, primarily serum or plasma, as a function of age and its relation with longevity. The elemental level in various age-related diseases is reviewed.

Conclusion:

Highest selenium values were observed in healthy adults, while in an elderly population significantly lower concentrations were reported. Variables responsible for contradictory findings are mentioned. Risk and benefits of Se-supplementation still remain under debate.
Piperine: Old Spice and New Nutraceutical?
Authors: Smilkov Katarina , Ackova Darinka G. , Cvetkovski Aleksandar , Ruskovska Tatjana , Vidovic Bojana , Atalay Mustafa
Published: July 2019

Background:

Many of the activities associated with pepper fruits have been attributed to piperine, the
most active compound present in these spices.

Objective:

This paper aims to provide an overview of the known properties of piperine, i.e. piperine’s chemistry,
its physiological activity, documented interactions as a bioenhancer and reported data concerning its toxicity,
antioxidant properties and anticancer activity.

Discussion:

It is known that piperine possesses several properties. In its interaction with other drugs, it can act as
a bioavailability enhancer; this effect is also manifested in combination with other nutraceuticals, e.g. with curcumin,
i.e. piperine can modify curcumin’s antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial and anticancer effects.
Piperine displays significant immunomodulating, antioxidant, chemopreventive and anticancer activity; these
effects have been shown to be dose-dependent and tissue-specific. However, the main limitation associated with
piperine seems to be its low bioavailability, a disadvantage that innovative formulations are overcoming.

Conclusion:

It is predicted that an increasing number of studies will focus on piperine, especially those directed
towards unraveling its properties at molecular level. The current knowledge about the action of piperine will form
a foundation for ways to improve piperine’s bioavailability e.g. exploitation of different carrier systems. The
therapeutical applications of this compound will be clarified, and piperine will be recognized as an important
nutraceutical.
Chemical Aspects of Biological Activity of Isothiocyanates and Indoles, the Products of Glucosinolate Decomposition
Authors: Kołodziejski Dominik , Koss-Mikołajczyk Izabela , Abdin Ahmad Y. , Jacob Claus , Bartoszek Agnieszka
Published: July 2019

There is growing evidence that cancer chemoprevention employing natural, bioactive compounds may
halt or at least slow down the different stages of carcinogenesis. A particularly advantageous effect is attributed to
derivatives of sulfur-organic phytochemicals, such as glucosinolates (GLs) synthesized mainly in Brassicaceae
plant family. GLs are hydrolysed enzymatically to bioactive isothiocyanates (ITC) and indoles, which exhibit
strong anti-inflammatory and anti-carcinogenic activity. Highly bioavailable electrophilic ITC are of particular
interest, as they can react with nucleophilic groups of important biomolecules to form dithiocarbamates, thiocarbamates
and thioureas. These modifications seem responsible for the chemopreventive activity, but also for genotoxicity
and mutagenicity. It was documented that ITC can permanently bind to important biomolecules such as
glutathione, cytoskeleton proteins, transcription factors NF-κB and Nrf2, thiol-disulfide oxidoreductases, proteasome
proteins or heat shock proteins. Furthermore, ITC may also affect epigenetic regulation of gene expression,
e.g. by inhibition of histone deacetylases. Some other derivatives of glucosinolates, especially indoles, are able to
form covalent bonds with nucleobases in DNA, which may result in genotoxicity and mutagenicity. This article
summarizes the current state of knowledge about glucosinolates and their degradation products in terms of possible
interactions with reactive groups of cellular molecules.
Selenium Donors at the Junction of Inflammatory Diseases
Authors: Alhasan Rama , Kharma Ammar , Leroy Pierre , Jacob Claus , Gaucher Caroline
Published: July 2019

Selenium is an essential non-metal trace element, and the imbalance in the bioavailability of selenium is associated with many diseases ranking from acute respiratory distress syndrome, myocardial infarction and renal failure (Se overloading) to diseases associated with chronic inflammation like inflammatory bowel diseases, rheumatoid arthritis, and atherosclerosis (Se unload). The only source of selenium is the diet (animal and cereal sources) and its intestinal absorption is limiting for selenocysteine and selenomethionine synthesis and incorporation in selenoproteins. In this review, after establishing the link between selenium and inflammatory diseases, we envisaged the potential of selenium nanoparticles and organic selenocompounds to compensate the deficit of selenium intake from the diet. With high selenium loading, nanoparticles offer a low dosage to restore selenium bioavailability whereas organic selenocompounds can play a role in the modulation of their antioxidant or antiinflammatory activities.
Essential Oil and Ethanol Extract of Oregano (Origanum vulgare L.) from Armenian Flora as a Natural Source of Terpenes, Flavonoids and other Phytochemicals with Antiradical, Antioxidant, Metal Chelating, Tyrosinase Inhibitory and Antibacterial Activity
Authors: Moghrovyan Armenuhi , Sahakyan Naira , Babayan Anush , Chichoyan Naira , Petrosyan Margarit , Trchounian Armen
Published: July 2019

Background:

Origanum vulgare is used in Armenian cuisine as well as in folk medicine. The aim of
this investigation was to determine the peculiarities of the chemical composition of Armenian flora’s oregano
essential oil (EO) and ethanol extract (EE) and to characterize mainly antioxidant and antibacterial properties in
vitro.

Methods:

EO of plant aerial parts was extracted by the hydro-distillation method, and the composition was analyzed
by gas-chromatography (GC). EE was prepared using ethanol as a solvent. Antioxidant, antibacterial and
other biological activity of EO and EE was determined using appropriate methods.

Results:

The terpenes were found to be the greatest part of oregano EO (β-caryophyllene epoxide - 13.3 %; β-
caryophyllene -8.2 %; ο-cymene - 5.2 %). The flavonoid content of EE was 3.9±0.7 mg g-1 catechin equivalents.
Antiradical activities of EO and EE expressed with half-maximum inhibitory concentrations were 1057 µg mL-1
and 19.97 µg mL-1. The antioxidant index in the case of using extract (1000 µg mL-1) was 77.3±1.5 %. The metal
chelating activity of EE was 74.5±0.2 %. The tyrosinase inhibitory activities of EO, EE and arbutin were 26.5±0.3
%, 6.5±0.2 % and 50±0.1 %, respectively. Both EO and EE of oregano were able to suppress the growth of testmicroorganisms
including clinical pathogen isolates, but have moderate antimicrobial activity. EO antibacterial
activity against ampicillin-resistant Escherichia coli was similar to the activity against non-resistant strain. EE
was not active against ampicillin-resistant E. coli in contrast to non-resistant one.

Conclusion:

The results indicate high antioxidant and moderate antibacterial as well as high antiradical, metal
chelating, tyrosinase inhibitory activity of oregano EO and EE, which can be used as a natural source of terpenes,
flavonoids and other phytochemicals in medicine, pharmaceutics, cosmetics and food industry. EO has antibacterial
activity also against ampicillin-resistant E. coli.
Ozonated Oils and Cutaneous Wound Healing
Authors: Lim Yunsook , Lee Heaji , Woodby Brittany , Valacchi Giuseppe
Published: July 2019

Wound tissue repair is a complex and dynamic process of restoring cellular structures and tissue layers. Improvement in this process is necessary to effectively treat several pathologies characterized by a chronic delayed wound closure, such as in diabetes, and the investigation of new approaches aimed to ameliorate the wound healing process is under continuous evolution. Recently, the usage of vegetable matrices in the form of ozonated oils has been proposed, and several researchers have shown positive effects on wound healing, due to the bactericidal, antiviral, and antifungal properties of these ozonated oils.

 In the present review, we intend to summarize the actual state of the art of the topical usage of ozonated oil in cutaneous wounds with special emphasis to the importance of the ozonated degree of the oil.
Influence of the OATP Polymorphism on the Population Pharmacokinetics of Methotrexate in Chinese Patients
Authors: Wang Zhiqi , Zhang Nan , Chen Chaoyang , Chen Shuqing , Xu Junyu , Zhou Ying , Zhao Xia , Cui Yimin
Published: July 2019

Background:

The Pharmacokinetics of Methotrexate (MTX) has been reported to show significant intersubject
variability. MTX is metabolized by SHMT1 and transported by OATP1B1 and OATP1B3 both of which
show genetic polymorphisms. The non-genetic and genetic factors may influence the pharmacokinetics of MTX.

Objective:

This study aimed to determine the pharmacokinetic parameters of MTX in Chinese patients and to investigate
the effect of various non-genetic factors and genetic variants of OATP1B1, OATP1B3 on MTX’s pharmacokinetics.

Method:

MTX concentration and clinical characteristics data were collected from 71 rheumatoid arthritis patients.
For each patient, SLC19A1, SHMT1, OATP1B1, and OATP1B3 genotyping were tested. Population pharmacokinetic
analysis was performed by Nonlinear Mixed-Effect Modeling (NONMEM). MTX pharmacokinetic properties
analysis was executed using the one-compartment pharmacokinetic model which incorporated first-order conditional
estimation methods with interaction. Besides, the impact of genetic factors and demographic factors on MTX disposition
were explored.

Results:

All the genotypes of steady-state plasma concentrations and OATP1B1 rs4149056, OATP1B1 rs2306283,
and OATP1B3 rs7311358 were determined. The detected blood drug concentration reached the standard. Genotypes
were all measured. At the same time, the population pharmacokinetic model of methotrexate was obtained CL(L·h-1)
=8.25× e0.167× SNP (SNP: SLCO1B1 388A/A=3; SLCO1B1 388A/G=2; SLCO1B1 388G/G=1); V(L)= 32.8; Ka(h-
1)=1.69.

Conclusion:

: In our study, it was showed that OATP1B1-388 G>A SNP had a significant effect on CL/F. The factor
should be considered when determining MTX dosing. However, prospective studies with a large number of participants
are needed to validate the results of this study.
Warfarin Dosing and Outcomes in Chronic Kidney Disease: A Closer Look at Warfarin Disposition
Authors: Alshogran Osama Y.
Published: July 2019

Background:

Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) is a prevalent worldwide health problem. Patients with
CKD are more prone to developing cardiovascular complications such as atrial fibrillation and stroke. This warrants
the use of oral anticoagulants, such as warfarin, in this population. While the efficacy and safety of warfarin in this
setting remain controversial, a growing body of evidence emphasizes that warfarin use in CKD can be problematic.
This review discusses 1) warfarin use, dosing and outcomes in CKD patients; and 2) possible pharmacokinetic
mechanisms for altered warfarin dosing and response in CKD.

Methods:

Structured search and review of literature articles evaluating warfarin dosing and outcomes in CKD. Data
and information about warfarin metabolism, transport, and pharmacokinetics in CKD were also analyzed and summarized.

Results:

The literature data suggest that changes in warfarin pharmacokinetics such as protein binding, nonrenal
clearance, the disposition of warfarin metabolites may partially contribute to altered warfarin dosing and response in
CKD.

Conclusion:

Although the evidence to support warfarin use in advanced CKD is still unclear, this synthesis of previous
findings may help in improving optimized warfarin therapy in CKD settings.
Current Drug Nano-targeting Strategies for Improvement in the Diagnosis and Treatment of Prevalent Pathologies such as Cardiovascular and Renal Diseases
Authors: Giménez Virna Margarita Martín , Fuentes Lucía Beatriz , Kassuha Diego Enrique , Manucha Walter
Published: July 2019

Background:

The kidney and cardiovascular system are closely related to each other during
the modulation of the cardiovascular homeostasis. However, the search for new alternatives for the
treatment and diagnosis of cardiovascular diseases does not take into account this relationship, so their
evaluation results and the advantages offered by their global and integrative analysis are wasted. For
example, a variety of receptors that are overexpressed in both pathologies is large enough to allow expansion
in the search for new molecular targets and ligands. Nanotechnology offers pharmacological
targeting strategies to kidney, heart, and blood vessels for overcoming one of the essential restrictions
of traditional cardiovascular therapies the ones related to their unspecific pharmacodynamics distribution
in these critical organs.

Recent Findings:

Drug or contrast agent nano-targeting for treatment or diagnosis of atherosclerosis,
thrombosis, renal cancer or fibrosis, glomerulonephritis, among other renal, cardiac and blood vessels
pathologies would allow an increase in their efficacy and a reduction of their side effects. Such effects
are possible because, through pharmacological targeting, the drug is mainly found at the desired site.

Review Purpose:

In this mini-review, active, passive, and physical targeting strategies of several
nanocarriers that have been assessed and proposed for the treatment and diagnosis of different
cardiovascular diseases, are being addressed.
Carbohydrates in Vaccine Development
Authors: Aljohani Salwa , Hussein Waleed M. , Toth Istvan , Simerska Pavla
Published: July 2019

Despite advances in the development of new vaccines, there are still some diseases with no vaccine solutions. Therefore, further efforts are required to more comprehensively discern the different antigenic components of these microorganisms on a molecular level. This review summarizes advancement in the development of new carbohydrate-based vaccines. Following traditional vaccine counterparts, the carbohydrate-based vaccines introduced a new approach in fighting infectious diseases. Carbohydrates have played various roles in the development of carbohydrate-based vaccines, which are described in this review, including carbohydrates acting as antigens, carriers or targeting moieties. Carbohydrate-based vaccines against infectious diseases, such as group A streptococcus, meningococcal meningitis and human immunodeficiency virus, are also discussed. A number of carbohydrate- based vaccines, such as Pneumovax 23, Menveo and Pentacel, have been successfully marketed in the past few years and there is a promising standpoint for many more to come in the near future.
Resolution of Empyema Thoracis after Patient Refusal of Surgical Intervention: A Case Series and Review of the Literature
Authors: Ferguson John H.
Published: July 2019

:

Parapneumonic effusions occur commonly in patients hospitalised with pneumonia. Both complicated parapneumonic effusions and empyema are often managed initially with tube thoracostomy and intrapleural t-PA and DNase. If complete expansion of the lung is not achieved, surgical intervention is considered. We present three cases of patients with complicated parapneumonic effusions who experienced complete recovery despite declining surgical intervention and discuss the pitfalls in management. While very few patients have complete radiological resolution at the time of discharge, medical therapy is successful in at least 90% of cases. At 3-6 months from presentation, the radiological findings may improve significantly with antibiotic therapy. Surgery should be considered for patients with non-resolving sepsis markers including elevated temperature, C-reactive protein, and white blood cell count, in addition to non-improving imaging. Incomplete resolution of the parapneumonic effusion should not be considered a treatment failure, and attempts to normalise CT imaging may result in prolonged hospitalisation and unnecessary surgical intervention.
The Role of Adiponectin in Maintaining Metabolic Homeostasis
Authors: Adiyaman Suleyman Cem , Ozer Muhammet , Saydam Basak Ozgen , Akinci Baris
Published: July 2019

Background:

Adiponectin is an adipocyte-derived cytokine closely associated with obesity,
altered body adipose tissue distribution, insulin resistance, and cardiovascular diseases.

Introduction:

Evidence from animal and human studies demonstrate that adiponectin plays an important
role in the regulation of glucose and lipid metabolism. Adiponectin increases insulin sensitivity
and improves systemic lipid metabolism. Although research efforts on adiponectin mostly aim towards
its endocrine functions, this adipocyte-derived molecule also has profound autocrine and paracrine
functions.

Conclusion:

In this review, our aim is to discuss the role of adiponectin in maintaining metabolic homeostasis
and its association with cardiovascular health. The proper identification of these roles is of
great importance, which has the potential to identify a wealth of novel targets for the treatment of diabetes
and related cardio-metabolic diseases.