bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Helically Coiled Tube Flocculators in Water Clarification Systems: Optimal Length Evaluation and Process Efficiency Probabilistic Analysis
Authors: Oliveira Danieli S. , Donadel Clainer B.
Published: March 2024

New sustainable technologies have been explored as potential solutions to address the global issue of water scarcity by enhancing water treatment processes. In this context, an innovative coagulation/flocculation unit known as the helically coiled tube flocculator (HCTF) has emerged, offering notable advantages such as high process efficiency, short detention time, and cost-effectiveness compared to conventional hydraulic units. The HCTF harnesses its flow energy to disperse coagulation/flocculation agents and facilitate the formation of flocs through collisions between destabilized particles. This paper introduces an assessment of the process efficiency, geometric properties, and hydraulic characteristics of an alternative and sustainable water clarification system incorporating an HCTF, with the aim of determining its optimal length. In HCTFs, the flocculator’s length (referred to as L) can exert a significant influence on process efficiency, necessitating a comprehensive evaluation of this parameter for the rational design of such units. To accomplish this, the paper scrutinizes physical experimental findings from previous research articles, which are related to the efficiency of flocculation (indirectly estimated by analyzing turbidity removal efficiency). Additionally, it examines the geometric and hydraulic attributes across 48 distinct variations of HCTFs. This study culminates in the development of a model for determining the optimal length for HCTFs. Furthermore, it includes a probabilistic assessment that establishes a connection between the optimal length and other parameters involved in the clarification process—whether deterministic or probabilistic—and their impact on the final process efficiency, all with a 90% confidence level. This paper stands out by pioneering the determination of the optimal length of HCTFs, filling a gap in the existing literature, which previously only mentioned the importance of this parameter in process efficiency without providing a predictive model. The results highlight the robustness of the proposed alternative clarification system. Even in scenarios with substantial variations in dimensional hydraulic parameters (such as a worst-case relative standard deviation of 20%), the process efficiency fluctuations range between 1.3% and 5.2%. These outcomes lend support to the adoption of such alternative water clarification systems. They also underscore the potential of probabilistic evaluation as a valuable tool for investigating novel water and wastewater treatment units and enhancing existing ones.
Be Creative to Innovate! EEG Correlates of Group Decision-Making in Managers
Authors: Balconi Michela , Vandelli Giulia Valeria , Angioletti Laura
Published: March 2024

Background: Organizational creativity and sustainability-oriented innovation are key factors for leaders and managers. This study explores the neural correlates underlying creative decisions in the managerial field in two distinct conditions: individual and group conditions. Methods: A Muse electrophysiological (EEG) headband was applied to a group of managers compared to a group of non-managers during the execution of a realistic complex problem-solving task in an individual and group condition, while EEG frequency bands (delta, theta, alpha, and beta) were collected. Results: Both managers and non-managers group showed specific neural activations during the task, elucidating the effect of creative thinking at workplace on the prefrontal cortex (PFC) and the temporal parietal junction (TPJ). Significantly higher delta, theta and beta mean values were detected in the right TPJ in the group condition as well as in the right PFC in the individual condition for managers. Higher alpha band activation was found in the left PFC for managers, regardless of the condition. Conclusions: This study suggests the possibility to uncover, through neuroscientific techniques, the more socially sustainable working conditions that foster innovation, organizational creativity, and the fruitful sharing of one’s ideas while tackling complex problems within organizations.
Assessment of Ecosystem Services and Exploration of Trade-Offs and Synergistic Relationships in Arid Areas: A Case Study of the Kriya River Basin in Xinjiang, China
Authors: Liu Yuan , Liu Sihai , Xing Kun
Published: March 2024

This research focuses on the Kriya River Basin and analyzes the spatiotemporal variability of ecosystem services (ESs) and their trade-offs and synergies, which are vital for regional ecosystem conservation and socio-economic sustainability. Utilizing land use data from 1990 to 2020 and predictive models for 2030 (PLUS for land use and InVEST for ESs), the study assesses four key ESs: water yield (WY), soil conservation (SC), habitat quality (HQ), and carbon storage (CS). The findings indicate that land use changes from 1990 to 2020 have significantly impacted these services. WY showed a negative trend because of a reduction in precipitation, while increased grasslands enhanced SC, HQ, and CS. Projections for 2030 suggest increases in WY and SC, with increases of 10.27 × 108 m3 in WY and 0.216 × 108 t in SC, but slight decreases in HQ and CS due to urban land expansion. Therefore, land types that provide important ESs should be protected in future planning, and the expansion of construction land should be controlled in order to realize the goal of ecological conservation. Our study also reveals that while WY and CS share a subtle trade-off, they both synergize with SC and HQ. Strong synergies exist between SC and HQ as well as between SC and CS, indicating lesser concerns for trade-offs in future planning. This research provides valuable data support and scientific insight for sustainable development and ecological governance policies in the watershed.
Sustainable Water Use in a Fruit Processing Plant: Evaluation of Microbiological and Physicochemical Properties of Wash Water after Application of a Modular Water Recovery System
Authors: Kanarek Piotr , Breza-Boruta Barbara , Poćwiardowski Wojciech , Szulc Joanna
Published: March 2024

The reuse of wash water in the agri-food industry is in line with sustainability goals through the reduction of the water footprint. Depending on the production process and raw material type, wash waters may exhibit severe biological and physicochemical contamination. The use of traditional methods of chlorine disinfection of water may be linked to the formation of hazardous by-products. The recycling of contaminated water should be supported by the evaluation of physicochemical and microbiological parameters before and after application of a treatment to validate the process. This study aimed to assess physicochemical and microbiological properties of rinse water from a post-harvest processing plant before and after applying an innovative modular water treatment system. The test material was washing water after apple rinsing obtained from a post-harvest processing plant (Northern Poland). The water recovery system included a wash water tank, a sand pre-filter, an ultrafiltration system, and an ozonation tank. No microorganisms were found in the treated water. The physicochemical properties of the water were also improved: pH, conductivity, turbidity, ammonium ion, bromide, and nitrate content. The results indicate that rinse water from the fruit industry may be effectively purified using the tested purification system and reused in production processes.
Circularity Micro-Indicators for Plastic Packaging and Their Relation to Circular Economy Principles and Design Tools
Authors: Matos Joana , Martins Carla I. , Simoes Ricardo
Published: March 2024

Plastic packaging, in the form of films, brought several advantages to the commercialization of products given its lightness and durability. It provided better ergonomics, ease of transport, increased shelf life, and easy handling and use. Despite that, plastic packaging is facing enormous sustainability concerns associated with the traditional practice of linear economy, combined with commonplace irresponsible handling by citizens since it is almost exclusively designed for single-use and its end-of-life (EOL) management is not planned for. To mitigate that, the circularity of plastic packaging must be more clearly studied and evaluated through approaches such as micro-level circular economy (CE) indicators. This paper focuses on the selection of relevant CE micro-indicators specifically for the plastic packaging sector among the plethora of indicators available. Relations are also established between CE micro-indicators and CE guiding principles, as well as the most prevalent Design for X (DfX) approaches, providing new insights into how these different aspects of sustainability can be linked together. Results show three micro-level indicators as the most relevant for circularity calculation in packaging, namely those termed ‘MCI’, ‘VRE’, and ‘CEIP’, because their methodology and approach address most of the CE guiding principles and DfX approaches relevant for the packaging sector. Finally, guidelines and good practices to promote circularity adoption in the plastic packaging sector are highlighted. This work can guide companies aiming to adopt CE micro-indicators in their practical implementation, overcoming the significant knowledge barrier that currently exists.
Risk Perception Assessment of Sargassum Blooms in Dominican Republic
Authors: Liranzo-Gómez Rolando Esteban , Torres-Valle Antonio , Jauregui-Haza Ulises Javier
Published: March 2024

The Sargassum have become a cyclical phenomenon that generates ecological, economic, and social problems in the Caribbean. The situation becomes more serious in a context of voluntary acceptance of the problem, which generates difficulties regarding the behaviors to control it. This research addresses the phenomenon from the perspective of risk perception concerning Sargassum invasions in the Dominican Republic, using a tool that includes perceptual and behavioral questions. The results show an underestimation of the risk of Sargassum blooms attributed to its interpretation as a natural and inevitable phenomenon, with an insignificant effect. This underestimation does not notably affect the health or standard of living of the population involved but has not been sufficiently addressed by scientific institutions and the Dominican government. The alert about some erroneous beliefs regarding the phenomenon, as shown by these perceptions, can contribute to designing successful policies for the control and management of massive influx of Sargassum. This transformation can turn them from an environmental problem into an opportunity for sustainable development. Based on the risk analysis, actions are suggested to guarantee the sustainable management of Sargassum blooms in the Dominican Republic.
CFD—Assisted Expert System for N2-Controlled Atmosphere Process of Rice Storage Silos
Authors: Angsrisuraporn Phakkawat , Samakkarn Chawit , Lekawat Lertsak , Singkhornart Sasathorn , Thongsri Jatuporn
Published: March 2024

Since organic rice storage silos were faced with an insect problem, an owner solved this problem using the expert system (ES) in the controlled atmosphere process (CAP) under the required standard, fumigating insects with an N2, reducing O2 concentration to less than 2% for 21 days. This article presents the computational fluid dynamics (CFD) assisted ES successfully solved this problem. First, CFD was employed to determine the gas flow pattern, O2 concentration, proper operating conditions, and a correction factor (K) of silos. As expected, CFD results were consistent with the experimental results and theory, assuring the CFD’s credibility. Significantly, CFD results revealed that the ES controlled N2 distribution throughout the silos and effectively reduced O2 concentration to meet the requirement. Next, the ES was developed based on the inference engine assisted by CFD results and the sweep-through purging principle, and it was implemented in the CAP. Last, the experiments evaluated CAP’s efficacy in controlling O2 concentration and insect extermination in the actual silos. The experimental results and owner’s feedback confirmed the excellent efficacy of ES implementation; therefore, the CAP is effective and practical. The novel aspect of this research is a CFD methodology to create the inference engine and the ES.
The Perception of the Biocentric Tourist Landscape in “Pueblos Mágicos” According to Inhabitants
Authors: García Manuel , Cruz-Cárdenas Gustavo , Lina Manjarrez Pedro , Ordaz-Zubia Velia , Silva García José Teodoro , Ávila-Meléndez Luis Arturo
Published: March 2024

The “Pueblos Mágicos” program designation, given by the Mexican government to towns that have kept their cultural heritage, as a local public policy makes changes to residents, the economy, and the space. Consequently, it creates a new landscape. To explain the repercussions on the population, their perception is analyzed, a process that allows judgments to be made about the environment. Therefore, the objective is to explain the changes in the perception of the biocentric tourist landscape according to the inhabitants of the “Pueblo Mágico” of Jiquilpan, Michoacán. For the methodology, a quantitative approach was chosen, through a survey on the topics of residents, the economy, and space in the area where tourist goods and services are concentrated. The analysis used was multivariate with a multiple correspondence analysis method. The results are shown through dimension graphs showing the iterations and their contributions, and topics and questions are displayed by their contribution value through centrality schemes. Among the findings, there is a negative perception of the biocentric landscape among the residents of the historic center in Jiquilpan. However, they are in favor of coexisting with tourists and the improvement of public services as well as with good restaurants and hotels. Conversely, they are against the actions that were carried out by public administrations.
How to Create a Geocultural Site’s Content–Huta Różaniecka Case Study (SE Poland)
Authors: Skowronek Ewa , Brzezińska-Wójcik Teresa , Kociuba Waldemar
Published: March 2024

This study concerns the design of a geocultural site in Huta Różaniecka. It is one of 166 sites prepared for the Kamienny Las na Roztoczu (Roztocze Stone Forest) Geopark project. The site is distinguished, on the one hand, by its interesting geology and geomorphology (exposures of Miocene sea shore with numerous fossils) and, on the other hand, by its quarries, stonemasonry traditions, and buildings (ruins of the Greek Catholic church). The aim of this paper is to present a model for building specialized documentation using a wide range of source materials, methods (field inventory, queries, interviews, high-precision Light Detection and Ranging-LiDAR measurements), tools (Leica ScanStation C10 laser scanner), and techniques (photography, Unmanned Aerial Vehicle-UAV, Terrestrial Laser Scanning-TLS). The applied research procedure model led to the construction of specialized documentation relating to the spatial dimension, natural features, and cultural context of the site. Taking into account the collected data, it should be concluded that the projected geocultural site at Huta Różaniecka, irrespective of the creation of a geopark, has great potential to build a tourist product that is attractive to a wide range of visitors.
Analysis of Business Risk Measurement and Factors Influencing Plantation-Based Farming Cooperatives: Evidence from Guizhou Province, China
Authors: Liang Genhong , Zhang Zhuo , Wu Peirong , Zhang Zhijie , Shao Xiwu
Published: March 2024

Plantation-based farming cooperatives are important carriers to promote agricultural and rural modernization and increase farmers’ income. Their risk management is related not only to their own sustainable development but also to the practical interests of farmers. Based on the survey data of 226 sample cooperatives in Guizhou Province, this study measures the business risk of plantation-based farming cooperatives via factor analysis and empirically tests its influencing factors using a structural equation model. This research shows that there are different types of operational risks in plantation-based farming cooperatives, and the order of these risks is as follows: market risk (0.334) > policy risk (0.162) > natural risk (0.140) > technical risk (0.104) > management risk (0.097). In terms of the factors influencing business risk, the impact effect value of the economic environment is 0.522, making it the most important external interference factor. The technology environment and policy environment have a greater impact on business risk (effect values of 0.323 and 0.219, respectively). The effect of the social service environment (an effect value of 0.114) is relatively weak. The internal factor, operator characteristics, is the core factor (an effect value of 0.533) that affects the business risk of plantation-based farming cooperatives, which determines the development prospects of the cooperatives. Resource endowment is an important internal factor affecting the business risk of cooperatives (an effect value of 0.331). According to the conclusions of our research, some policy implications on how to promote the high-quality development of plantation-based farming cooperatives are presented, i.e., to refine the policy support for plantation-based farming cooperatives, optimize the economic environment of the agricultural market, further improve agricultural infrastructure, deepen the reform of the agricultural land transfer system, and improve the internal management level of cooperatives.
Exploring Spatial Accessibility to Urban Activities Based on the Transit-Oriented Development Concept in Pathum Thani, Thailand
Authors: Iamtrakul Pawinee , Chayphong Sararad
Published: March 2024

Transit-oriented development (TOD) serves as a model for sustainable urban planning, integrating land use and transport planning. Successful implementation varies across specific geographic locations and has yet to be fully realized in the suburban areas of Thailand. This study empirically examined and searched for understanding of the enhanced accessibility to urban activities through the TOD concept by focusing on bus stops and rail mass transit. The study utilized a network buffer zone approach around transit areas as TOD measurement units, examining distances of 500 m, 1000 m, and 2000 m. Spatial analysis was applied to examine and understand the enhanced accessibility to urban activities through TOD by using network analysis, Getis-Ord Gi* hotspot analysis, and bivariate local Moran’s I. The results revealed that this area still has limited access to activities via public transport, particularly in the areas where activities are concentrated, especially in commercial, mixed-use, and residential zones. However, upon examining the relationship between access distance and the intensity of land use activities, it became apparent that within the network buffer zone encircling the transit areas, designated as transit-oriented development (TOD) measurement units, there exists a notable concentration and diversity of land use activities. Specifically, enhanced accessibility to the transportation system corresponded to increased activity density. Nonetheless, this correlation was predominantly observed at stations situated in more central areas, whereas stations located at greater distances exhibited a lower intensity and diversity of activities within the TOD zone.
Development of Shared Modeling and Simulation Environment for Sustainable e-Learning in the STEM Field
Authors: Zabasta Anatolijs , Kazymyr Volodymyr , Drozd Oleksandr , Verslype Sammy , Espeel Ludovic , Bruzgiene Rasa
Published: March 2024

A novel educational platform called the Shared Modeling and Simulation Environment (SMSE) was initiated in the ERASMUS+ “CybPhys” project. It integrates the Jupyter platform, including Jupyter Notebooks, with the Moodle Learning Management System for e-learning in the STEM field. This novel platform enhances e-learning by combining the content of training courses in Moodle with practical programming provided Jupyter’s capabilities to create virtual labs. A survey was conducted in the spring of 2023 among bachelor’s and master’s students at Chernihiv Polytechnic National University, which aimed at gathering feedback from students using SMSE in their e-learning process. Two student groups were involved: one of them consisted of students using SMSE in both the autumn and spring semesters and another represented the students starting with SMSE in the spring semester. The survey, based on the adjusted Technology Acceptance Model (TAM), was conducted to understand the acceptance of this e-learning approach. A comprehensive analysis of students’ answers based on the TAM approach revealed the inner process of the transformation of students’ perceptions during the acquisition of the SMSE platform. Our research demonstrates that SMSE effectively merges Moodle’s online learning capabilities with Jupyter Notebooks, providing a flexible and interactive learning experience for both in-class and remote students. It provides a web-based, multifunctional e-learning environment that combines a variety of tools and technologies, giving students the possibility to be involved in all sorts of teaching activities related to STEM education, such as theoretical knowledge, exercises, simulations and calculations, through the use of one single online environment.
Investigating the Influencing Factors of the Purchase Intention of the Continuing Care Retirement Community: A Case Study of Shenzhen
Authors: Li Shenghan , Huang Jun , Lu Chen , Wu Zezhou , Antwi-Afari Maxwell Fordjour
Published: March 2024

China officially entered the aging society in 2000, witnessing a rapid surge in demand for senior care services. In response, the real estate industry introduced the concept of Continuing Care Retirement Communities (CCRCs). The relationship between this model and complex risks in urban security resilience encompasses various factors, including filial care, demand for senior care, and urban sustainable development. The strategic layout and planning of CCRC enhance the security resilience of urban operational systems in the face of intricate senior care risks. However, the development and operation of CCRCs have encountered the challenge of sluggish project progress, primarily due to a lack of robust purchase intention. This study investigates the factors influencing the purchase intention of CCRCs in mainland China, using the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) as the foundational theoretical model. Additionally, three contextual constructs (economic cost, product performance, and external stimuli) were introduced to form the initial model. Based on the initial model, six factors were identified and nine hypotheses were proposed. A questionnaire survey was conducted to collect data, and Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) analysis was employed to test the proposed hypotheses. The results indicate that consumers’ purchase intention of CCRCs is primarily influenced by product performance and subjective norms, followed by economic cost. At the same time, external stimuli have a significant indirect effect on it.
Pavement Inspection in Transport Infrastructures Using Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs)
Authors: Feitosa Ianca , Santos Bertha , Almeida Pedro G.
Published: March 2024

The growing demand for the transportation of goods and people has led to an increasing reliance on transportation infrastructure, which, in turn, subjects the pavements to high traffic volumes. In order to maintain adequate service and safety standards for users, it is essential to establish effective maintenance strategies that ensure the preservation of pavement conditions. As a result, emerging innovations in pavement surface inspection methods, surpassing traditional techniques in terms of inspection and data processing speed and accuracy, have garnered significant attention. One such groundbreaking innovation in inspection systems that has been tested and used in recent years to assess infrastructure condition is the use of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs). This study aims to present a critical open-access literature review on the use of UAVs in the inspection of transportation infrastructure pavement in order to assess the type of equipment used, the technology involved, applicability conditions, data processing, and future evolution. The analysis of relevant literature suggests that the integration of intelligent technologies substantially enhances the accuracy of data collection and the detection of pavement distress. Furthermore, it is evident that most applications and research efforts are oriented towards exploring image processing techniques for the creation of 3D pavement models and distress detection and classification.
The Potential of Moringa oleifera as a Sustainable Broiler Feed Additive: Investigating Awareness, Perceptions and Use by Broiler Farmers and Moringa Farmers in South Africa
Authors: Lungu Nobuhle S. , Maina Joyce G. , Dallimer Martin , van Marle-Köster Este
Published: March 2024

Moringa oleifera’s high nutritional value and bioactive properties have attracted significant scientific research interest as an additive in broiler feed for sustainable broiler production. The tree’s multifunctional characteristics make it a potent alternative growth promoter for broilers and a valuable resource to address Sustainable Development Goals related to poverty alleviation, food security, good health, and responsible consumption. Moreover, it provides a less expensive and environmentally friendly alternative for broiler farmers. However, less is known about the awareness, perceptions, and prevailing practices of broiler farmers and M. oleifera farmers regarding the plant’s use as an additive. This study determined the awareness, perceptions, and practices of M. oleifera use among broiler and M. oleifera farmers in South Africa. Quantitative data collected from 165 purposively sampled small-scale broiler farmers, along with qualitative insights from 11 key informants, indicated that 66.7% of respondents, primarily females, knew about M. oleifera but lacked awareness of its benefits for broilers (82.4%). Awareness varied significantly (p < 0.05) by gender. Only 10.9% of those aware used M. oleifera, predominantly small-scale female farmers. Leaves and stems were common parts used, added to feed, or infused in water. Perceived benefits included improved growth rates and reduced mortalities. Large-scale broiler farmers expressed interest if provided with more information on the nutritional benefits and the availability of bulk M. oleifera to sustain their large operations. The study underscores the need for targeted awareness campaigns, especially among female farmers, and providing guidelines for M. oleifera use. Formulating broiler diets that include M. oleifera as an ingredient will require a consistent supply, which is currently lacking. Therefore, there is a need to address the production capacity to meet the requirements of larger broiler operations.
Measuring the Transit-Oriented Development (TOD) Levels of Pakistani Megacities for TOD Application: A Case Study of Lahore
Authors: Anwar Ayesha , Leng Hong , Ashraf Humayun , Haider Alina
Published: March 2024

The urbanization challenges in the megacities of Pakistan necessitate the implementation of comprehensive sustainable development practices to effectively address contemporary urban issues. Transit-oriented development (TOD) is a globally accepted device in achieving sustainable urban development through transport and land use integration. Evaluating the levels of TOD built in present conditions is essential for productive TOD planning, as it enables the prioritization of development interferences. In this context, we utilized a methodology to evaluate the levels of TOD (TOD-ness) present near transportation nodes through a TOD index. It utilizes ArcGIS and spatial multi-criteria analysis (SMCA) to determine the extent of TOD-supporting qualities around a transit node and identifies areas for potential improvements in transit orientation. The methodology was executed in the megacity of Lahore, situated in Pakistan. A TOD index was computed for areas surrounding the 26 LRT and 27 BRT stations along two existing corridors. The findings suggest that the TOD concept is feasible for Pakistani megacities, and urban decision makers can utilize the TOD index results to facilitate urban- or regional-level planning, funding, and investment policies. Furthermore, these findings offer valuable insights into the transportation obstacles and potential opportunities in similar developing cities in South Asia.
SDATA: Symmetrical Device Identifier Composition Engine Complied Aggregate Trust Attestation
Authors: Yu Fajiang , Huang Yanting
Published: March 2024

Efficient safeguarding of the security of interconnected devices, which are often resource-constrained, can be achieved through collective remote attestation schemes. However, in existing schemes, the attestation keys are independent of the device configuration, leading to increased requirements for the trusted computing base. This paper introduces a symmetrical aggregate trust attestation that is compatible with devices adhering to the device identifier composition engine framework. The proposed scheme simplifies the trusted computing base requirements by generating an attestation key that is derived from the device configuration. Moreover, the scheme employs distributed aggregate message authentication codes to reduce both the communication volume within the device network and the size of the attestation report, thereby enhancing the aggregation efficiency. In addition, the scheme incorporates interactive authentication to accurately identify compromised devices.
Asymmetric Dark Matter in Baryon Asymmetrical Universe
Authors: Beylin Vitaly A. , Khlopov Maxim Yu. , Sopin Danila O.
Published: March 2024

New heavy particles with electroweak charges arise in extensions of the standard model. They should take part in sphaleron transitions in the early Universe, which balance baryon asymmetry with the excess of new charged particles. If electrically charged with charge −2n, they bind with n nuclei of primordial helium in dark atoms of dark matter. This makes it possible to find the ratio of densities of asymmetric dark matter and baryonic matter. Examples of the model with new, successive, and stable generation of quarks and leptons and the minimal walking technicolor model are considered.
Indeterminate Stieltjes Moment Problem: Entropy Convergence
Authors: Novi Inverardi Pier Luigi , Tagliani Aldo
Published: March 2024

The aim of this paper is to consider the indeterminate Stieltjes moment problem together with all its probability density functions that have the positive real or the entire real axis as support. As a consequence of the concavity of the entropy function in both cases, there is one such density that has the largest entropy: we call it fhmax, the largest entropy density. We will prove that the Jaynes maximum entropy density (MaxEnt), constrained by an increasing number of integer moments, converges in entropy to the largest entropy density fhmax. Note that this kind of convergence implies convergence almost everywhere, with remarkable consequences in real applications in terms of the reliability of the results obtained by the MaxEnt approximation of the underlying unknown distribution, both for the determinate and the indeterminate case.
Spatial Effects of Service Industry’s Heterogeneous Agglomeration on Industrial Structure Optimization: Evidence from China
Authors: Nie Lei , Wang Yuanyuan
Published: March 2024

Elucidating the impacts of service industry’s agglomeration on the optimization of industrial structures holds paramount significance in advancing urban economic growth and fostering the coordinated and sustainable development of city economies. This study leverages panel data encompassing 251 prefecture-level cities spanning from 2003 to 2019, employing a spatial Dubin model to scrutinize the influence of distinct types of service industry agglomeration on industrial structure optimization. The results show that specialized agglomeration within the service sector significantly inhibits the rationalization of industrial structures and their underlying fundamentals. Conversely, heightened levels of agglomeration in diversified service industries facilitate the rationalization of industrial structure, predominantly driven by regional spatial spillover effects. Further analysis reveals heterogeneity in service industry agglomeration across cities of varying sizes concerning industrial structure optimization, notably accentuating underutilized spatial spillover effects in smaller cities. In light of these insights, this paper advocates for cities to capitalize on the agglomeration and spillover effects between the service industry and other sectors, strategically selecting optimal service industry agglomeration modes to propel industrial structure optimization.
Transceiver Optimization for Multiuser Multiple-Input Multiple-Output Full-Duplex Amplify-and-Forward Relay Downlink Communications
Authors: Shao Yunlong , Gulliver Thomas Aaron
Published: March 2024

This paper considers the transceiver design in a multiuser multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) full-duplex (FD) amplify-and-forward (AF) relay downlink communication system, where users simultaneously transmit data via an FD relay node. The design incorporates an imperfect loop interference (LI) cancellation which results in a residual LI. Linear precoders are employed at the sources and relay, and minimum mean-squared-error (MMSE) combiners are employed at the destinations to mitigate the effect of the residual LI. The corresponding design problem is highly nonconvex, so a closed-form solution is intractable. Thus, an iterative method is developed to solve this optimization problem. Simulation results are presented which show that the proposed iterative algorithm provides better performance than the corresponding half-duplex (HD) solution in terms of the achievable rate under residual LI.
A Review on Machine/Deep Learning Techniques Applied to Building Energy Simulation, Optimization and Management
Authors: Villano Francesca , Mauro Gerardo Maria , Pedace Alessia
Published: March 2024

Given the climate change in recent decades and the ever-increasing energy consumption in the building sector, research is widely focused on the green revolution and ecological transition of buildings. In this regard, artificial intelligence can be a precious tool to simulate and optimize building energy performance, as shown by a plethora of recent studies. Accordingly, this paper provides a review of more than 70 articles from recent years, i.e., mostly from 2018 to 2023, about the applications of machine/deep learning (ML/DL) in forecasting the energy performance of buildings and their simulation/control/optimization. This review was conducted using the SCOPUS database with the keywords “buildings”, “energy”, “machine learning” and “deep learning” and by selecting recent papers addressing the following applications: energy design/retrofit optimization, prediction, control/management of heating/cooling systems and of renewable source systems, and/or fault detection. Notably, this paper discusses the main differences between ML and DL techniques, showing examples of their use in building energy simulation/control/optimization. The main aim is to group the most frequent ML/DL techniques used in the field of building energy performance, highlighting the potentiality and limitations of each one, both fundamental aspects for future studies. The ML approaches considered are decision trees/random forest, naive Bayes, support vector machines, the Kriging method and artificial neural networks. The DL techniques investigated are convolutional and recursive neural networks, long short-term memory and gated recurrent units. Firstly, various ML/DL techniques are explained and divided based on their methodology. Secondly, grouping by the aforementioned applications occurs. It emerges that ML is mostly used in energy efficiency issues while DL in the management of renewable source systems.
Dolutegravir + Lamivudine vs. Dolutegravir + Tenofovir Disoproxil Fumarate/Emtricitabine: Very-Low-Level HIV-1 Replication through 144 Weeks in the GEMINI-1 and GEMINI-2 Studies
Authors: Underwood Mark , Urbaityte Rimgaile , Wang Ruolan , Horton Joe , Oyee James , Wynne Brian , Fox Dainielle , Jones Bryn , Man Choy , Sievers Jörg
Published: March 2024

In GEMINI-1/-2, dolutegravir + lamivudine was non-inferior to dolutegravir + tenofovir disoproxil fumarate/emtricitabine (TDF/FTC) in achieving viral suppression (viral load [VL] < 50 copies/mL) in treatment-naive adults. Abbott’s RealTime HIV-1 assay provides quantitative VL (40–10,000,000 copies/mL) and qualitative target detected or target not detected (TND) for VL < 40 copies/mL. This post hoc analysis assessed very-low-level viremia and “blips” through Week 144. Proportions with VL < 40 copies/mL and TND are presented overall and by baseline VL and CD4+ cell count. “Blips” (single VL ≥ 50 to <200 copies/mL with adjacent values < 50 copies/mL) were assessed from Day 1 after VL suppression and from Weeks 48 through to 144. Proportions with TND increased through Week 48 and were similar between groups at all visits (Week 144: dolutegravir + lamivudine, 451/716 [63%]; dolutegravir + TDF/FTC, 465/717 [65%]). By observed analysis, TND rates were similar between groups across baseline subgroups. Through Week 144, proportions with ≥1 “blip” were generally comparable for dolutegravir + lamivudine vs. dolutegravir + TDF/FTC from Day 1 (15% vs. 20%) and from Week 48 (7% vs. 11%). Through 144 weeks, the proportions with TND or “blips” were similar between dolutegravir + lamivudine and the three-drug comparator, reinforcing the efficacy and durability of dolutegravir + lamivudine.
Discordant Antigenic Properties of Soluble and Virion SARS-CoV-2 Spike Proteins
Authors: Kumar Sameer , Dasgupta Souradip , Sajadi Mohammad M. , Snyder Greg A. , DeVico Anthony L. , Ray Krishanu
Published: March 2024

Efforts to develop vaccine and immunotherapeutic countermeasures against the COVID-19 pandemic focus on targeting the trimeric spike (S) proteins of SARS-CoV-2. Vaccines and therapeutic design strategies must impart the characteristics of virion S from historical and emerging variants onto practical constructs such as soluble, stabilized trimers. The virus spike is a heterotrimer of two subunits: S1, which includes the receptor binding domain (RBD) that binds the cell surface receptor ACE2, and S2, which mediates membrane fusion. Previous studies suggest that the antigenic, structural, and functional characteristics of virion S may differ from current soluble surrogates. For example, it was reported that certain anti-glycan, HIV-1 neutralizing monoclonal antibodies bind soluble SARS-CoV-2 S but do not neutralize SARS-CoV-2 virions. In this study, we used single-molecule fluorescence correlation spectroscopy (FCS) under physiologically relevant conditions to examine the reactivity of broadly neutralizing and non-neutralizing anti-S human monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) isolated in 2020. Binding efficiency was assessed by FCS with soluble S trimers, pseudoviruses and inactivated wild-type virions representing variants emerging from 2020 to date. Anti-glycan mAbs were tested and compared. We find that both anti-S specific and anti-glycan mAbs exhibit variable but efficient binding to a range of stabilized, soluble trimers. Across mAbs, the efficiencies of soluble S binding were positively correlated with reactivity against inactivated virions but not pseudoviruses. Binding efficiencies with pseudoviruses were generally lower than with soluble S or inactivated virions. Among neutralizing mAbs, potency did not correlate with binding efficiencies on any target. No neutralizing activity was detected with anti-glycan antibodies. Notably, the virion S released from membranes by detergent treatment gained more efficient reactivity with anti-glycan, HIV-neutralizing antibodies but lost reactivity with all anti-S mAbs. Collectively, the FCS binding data suggest that virion surfaces present appreciable amounts of both functional and nonfunctional trimers, with neutralizing anti-S favoring the former structures and non-neutralizing anti-glycan mAbs binding the latter. S released from solubilized virions represents a nonfunctional structure bound by anti-glycan mAbs, while engineered soluble trimers present a composite structure that is broadly reactive with both mAb types. The detection of disparate antigenicity and immunoreactivity profiles in engineered and virion-associated S highlight the value of single-virus analyses in designing future antiviral strategies against SARS-CoV-2.
Label-Free Quantitative Analysis of Pig Liver Proteome after Hepatitis E Virus Infection
Authors: Martino Camillo , Di Luca Alessio , Bennato Francesca , Ianni Andrea , Passamonti Fabrizio , Rampacci Elisa , Henry Michael , Meleady Paula , Martino Giuseppe
Published: March 2024

Hepatitis E represents an emerging zoonotic disease caused by the Hepatitis E virus (HEV), for which the main route of transmission is foodborne. In particular, infection in humans has been associated with the consumption of contaminated undercooked meat of pig origin. The aim of this study was to apply comparative proteomics to determine if porcine liver protein profiles could be used to distinguish between pigs seropositive and seronegative for HEV. Preliminarily, an ELISA was used to evaluate the presence of anti-HEV antibodies in the blood serum of 136 animals sent to slaughter. Among the analyzed samples, a seroprevalence of 72.8% was estimated, and it was also possible to identify 10 animals, 5 positive and 5 negative, coming from the same farm. This condition created the basis for the quantitative proteomics comparison between homogeneous animals, in which only the contact with HEV should represent the discriminating factor. The analysis of the proteome in all samples of liver exudate led to the identification of 554 proteins differentially expressed between the two experimental groups, with 293 proteins having greater abundance in positive samples and 261 more represented in negative exudates. The pathway enrichment analysis allowed us to highlight the effect of the interaction between HEV and the host biological system in inducing the potential enrichment of 69 pathways. Among these, carbon metabolism stands out with the involvement of 41 proteins, which were subjected to interactomic analysis. This approach allowed us to focus our attention on three enzymes involved in glycolysis: glucose-6-phosphate isomerase (GPI), glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH), and fructose-bisphosphate aldolase A (ALDOA). It therefore appears that infection with HEV induced a strengthening of the process, which involves the breakdown of glucose to obtain energy and carbon residues useful for the virus’s survival. In conclusion, the label-free LC-MS/MS approach showed effectiveness in highlighting the main differences induced on the porcine liver proteome by the interaction with HEV, providing crucial information in identifying a viral signature on the host metabolism.
Immunogenicity Parameters of Cancer Patients Receiving the mRNA Vaccine BNT162b2 While Obtaining Radiotherapy: A Longitudinal Cohort Evaluation
Authors: Thöne Paul , Egger Margot , Geroldinger-Simic Marija , Kindermann Harald , Kocik Lukas , Karasek Nicola , Fischerlehner Barbara , Spiegl Kurt , Gruber Georg , Aschacher Bernhard , Dieplinger Benjamin , Clodi Martin , Geinitz Hans
Published: March 2024

Background: Cancer patients are highly prone to infectious diseases. While undergoing antineoplastic treatment, the risk of severe symptoms upon infection increases, necessitating efficient protective measures, such as vaccination. For patients receiving radiotherapy, there is no specific information about humoral immunity. During the COVID-19 pandemic, serial antibody measurements were therefore offered to cancer patients, following SARS-CoV-2 vaccination while obtaining radiotherapy. Methods: Out of 74 enrolled patients, 46 met the inclusion criteria. Two cohorts were allocated, depending on an association with chemotherapy or pure radiotherapy. An additional healthy control cohort of 16 healthcare workers was enrolled. All participants followed a two-fold BNT162b2 vaccine schedule. SARS-CoV-2 binding antibodies were measured serially in a 7-day cycle for 35 days and over the long-term, using the Elecsys® Anti-SARS-CoV-2 immunoassay. Results: Cancer patients under pure radiotherapy have a comparable humoral vaccination response and long-term persistency of antibodies to healthy controls. Patients receiving additional chemotherapy show a significantly delayed immune response and decreased antibody titers. The vaccine was well tolerated in all cohorts. Conclusions: Pure radiotherapy in cancer patients does not interfere with the vaccine-induced humoral immune response or other immunogenetic aspects, whereas previous or simultaneous chemotherapy does. Findings are of particular relevance for future epidemic or pandemic scenarios.
Pressure Pulsation Characteristics on the Bulb Body of a Submersible Tubular Pump
Authors: Wang Jian , Chen Ze , Li Linghao , Wang Chuan , Teng Kangle , He Qiang , Zhou Jiren , Li Shanshan , Cao Weidong , Wang Xiuli , Wang Hongliang
Published: March 2024

Submersible tubular pumps are an ideal choice for pump stations that require high flow rates and low lift. These pumps combine the unique features of submersible motors with axial flow pump technology, making them highly efficient and cost-effective. They have found extensive applications in China’s rapidly developing water conservancy industry. In this research, we focus on investigating the pressure pulsation characteristics of the internal bulb body in a specific pump station project in China. To conduct our analysis, we utilize a model of the submersible tubular pump and strategically position 18 monitoring points. These monitoring points cover various sections, including the impeller inlet and outlet, guide vane outlet, as well as the inlet, middle, and outlet sections of the bulb body segment. To calculate the unsteady flow of the system, we employ numerical simulation techniques. By combining the outcomes of model tests, we determine the pressure pulsation characteristics. The comparison of results reveals a remarkable similarity between the efficiency–head curves obtained from the numerical simulation and the model test. While the model test yields slightly higher head results, the numerical simulation indicates slightly higher efficiency values. This finding lends strong support to the reliability of numerical simulation results, which can provide valuable insights for the design and optimization of submersible tubular pumps. Overall, submersible tubular pumps demonstrate their suitability for pump stations with high flow rates and low lift requirements. The study of pressure pulsation characteristics within the bulb body contributes to a better understanding of their performance and facilitates their further application in the field of water conservancy engineering.