bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Efectos letales y subletales de acaricidas sintéticos en ácaros depredadores de la familia Phytoseiidae
Authors: Ruiz Sánchez Esaú , Cua Basulto Marcos , Ballina Gómez Horacio , Chan Cupul Wilberth , Reyes Ramírez Arturo
Published: December 2021

El objetivo de esta investigación fue evaluar en laboratorio la toxicidad de acaricidas sintéticos en los ácaros Phytoseiidae Amblyseius swirskii y Neoseiulus californicus, y determinar mediante meta-análisis de estudios publicados los efectos subletales de acaricidas en especies de la familia Phytoseiidae. En las evaluaciones de laboratorio se observó que spirodiclofen, fenpiroximato y acequinocyl mostraron los valores más bajos de CL50 y CL90. Al comparar las concentraciones recomendadas en campo, spirodiclofen tendría mayor efecto tóxico sobre los ácaros depredadores evaluados, que sobre ácaros fitófagos. Por su parte, el meta-análisis mostró que todos los acaricidas, tienen efectos negativos en la supervivencia, fecundidad y periodo de oviposición. Los acaricidas inhibidores de respiración mitocondrial denominados METI I, presentaron mayores efectos negativos en estas variables, en especial en los géneros Neoseiulus y Phytoseius. Los acaricidas sintéticos de nueva generación tienen efectos tóxicos letales y efectos subletales en ácaros depredadores de la familia Phytoseiidae.
Protein Profiling of RGS6, a Pleiotropic Gene Implicated in Numerous Neuropsychiatric Disorders, Reveals Multi-Isoformic Expression and a Novel Brain-Specific Isoform
Authors: Ahlers-Dannen K. E. , Yang J. , Spicer M. M. , Maity B. , Stewart A. , Koland J. G. , Fisher R. A.
Published: December 2021

A metanalysis identified regulator of G-protein signaling 6 (RGS6) as one of 23 loci with pleiotropic effects on four or more human psychiatric disorders. This finding is significant as it confirms/extends the findings of numerous other studies implicating RGS6 in CNS function and pathology. RGS6 is a highly conserved member of the RGS protein family whose cellular roles are likely affected by mRNA splicing and alternative domain inclusion/exclusion. Indeed, we previously identified multiple RGS6 splice variants predicted to produce 36 distinct protein isoforms containing either long (RGS6L) or short (RGS6S) N-terminal domains, an incomplete or intact GGL domain, and nine alternative C termini. Unfortunately, sequence similarities between the isoforms have made it difficult to confirm their individual existence and/or to determine their unique functions. Here, we developed three RGS6-specific antibodies that recognize all RGS6 protein isoforms (RGS6-fl), the N-terminus of RGS6L isoforms (RGS6-L), and an 18-amino acid alternate C-terminal sequence (RGS6-18). Using these antibodies, we demonstrate that RGS6L(+GGL) isoforms, predominating in both mouse (both sexes) CNS and peripheral tissues, are most highly expressed in the CNS. We further identify three novel RGS6 protein bands that are larger (61, 65, and 69-kDa) than the ubiquitously expressed 53- to 57-kDa RGS6L(+GGL) proteins. Importantly, we show that the 69-kDa protein is a brain-specific dephospho form of the 65-kDa band, the first identified phosphorylated RGS6 isoform. Together, these data begin to define the functional significance behind the complexity ofRGS6gene processing and further clarifies RGS6’s physiological roles by resolving tissue-specific RGS6 protein expression.
Brainstem Circuits Triggering Saccades and Fixation
Authors: Takahashi Mayu , Sugiuchi Yuriko , Na Jie , Shinoda Yoshikazu
Published: December 2021

Omnipause neurons (OPNs) in the nucleus raphe interpositus have tonic activity while the eyes are stationary (“fixation”) but stop firing immediately before and during saccades. To locate the source of suppression, we analyzed synaptic inputs from the rostral and caudal superior colliculi (SCs) to OPNs by using intracellular recording and staining, and investigated pathways transmitting the inputs in anesthetized cats of both sexes. Electrophysiologically or morphologically identified OPNs received monosynaptic excitation from the rostral SCs with contralateral dominance, and received disynaptic inhibition from the caudal SCs with ipsilateral dominance. Cutting the tectoreticular tract transversely between the contralateral OPN and inhibitory burst neuron (IBN) regions eliminated inhibition from the caudal SCs, but not excitation from the rostral SCs in OPNs. In contrast, a midline section between IBN regions eliminated disynaptic inhibition in OPNs from the caudal SCs but did not affect the monosynaptic excitation from the rostral SCs. Stimulation of the contralateral IBN region evoked monosynaptic inhibition in OPNs, which was facilitated by preconditioning SC stimulation. Three-dimensional reconstruction of HRP-stained cells revealed that individual OPNs have axons that terminate in the opposite IBN area, while individual IBNs have axon collaterals to the opposite OPN area. These results show that there are differences in the neural circuit from the rostral and caudal SCs to the brainstem premotor circuitry and that IBNs suppress OPNs immediately before and during saccades. Thus, the IBNs, which are activated by caudal SC saccade neurons, shut down OPN firing and help to trigger saccades and suppress (“latch”) OPN activity during saccades.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTSaccades are the fastest eye movements to redirect gaze to an object of interest and bring its image on the fovea for fixation. Burst neurons (BNs) and omnipause neurons (OPNs) which behave reciprocally in the brainstem, are important for saccade generation and fixation. This study investigated unsolved important questions about where these neurons receive command signals and how they interact for initiating saccades from visual fixation. The results show that the rostral superior colliculi (SCs) excite OPNs monosynaptically for fixation, whereas the caudal SCs monosynaptically excite inhibitory BNs, which then directly inhibit OPNs for the initiation of saccades. This inhibition from the caudal SCs may account for the omnipause behavior of OPNs for initiation and maintenance of saccades in all directions.
Ethical Dimensions of Human Organoids Research
Authors: Gomez-Jones Tashaé , Kao Robert M.
Published: December 2021

Over the past decade, the development of three-dimensional mammalian cell organization—called human organoids—from stem cells has provided a framework for future clinical therapies. As human organoid research progresses, we also need to keep in mind the cross-cultural and ethical dimensions of human organoids research. Our review article aims to examine the ethical dimensions of cerebral human organoids and provide an ethical framework guide within human organoids research.
A New Open-Source Web Application with Animations to Support Learning of Neuron-to-Neuron Signaling
Authors: LePrevost Catherine E. , Cope W. Gregory , Shen Yan , Wrights Donnie
Published: December 2021

Pesticides and their associated modes of action serve as real-world examples of chemical toxicity, stimulating student interest and supporting their understanding of nervous system function and cell signaling. An open-source web application called “Neuron-to-Neuron Normal and Toxic Actions” hosts narrated animations of pesticide toxic actions and exists as a resource for instructors of advanced secondary or undergraduate biology courses. This article describes the features of the web application, reports student feedback on the animations, and details a cooperative learning procedure for instructors to use the web application in online learning environments or in-person classroom settings with technology support.
A Simple and Affordable Biofilm Assay for the Undergraduate Microbiology Classroom
Authors: Nichols William J. , Rauen Jacob
Published: December 2021

Through experience and surveying undergraduate microbiology curriculum, we found that most schools discuss biofilms in lecture classes but not laboratory courses. Biofilms are a concern for both industry and the medical field and should be studied in student laboratories. To study this at an institution, there would need to be an affordable method to assay them. As a sample specimen, Pseudomonas aeruginosa was used as it proliferates into biofilms when it is starved for nutrients, which can be easily simulated in a laboratory environment. Known assays for studying biofilms are expensive, and most departments do not have the materials. In Trypticase Soy Broth (TSB), P. aeruginosa can also be induced to form a biofilm, but the technique is not seen very often because it has not been sufficiently standardized for undergraduate microbiology education laboratories. To account for the absence of specialized reagents, we incubated bacteria for longer periods of time as a means to diminish nutrients or starve the specimen. Using a two-tailed t-test, we were able to show that glass tubes inoculated with P. aeruginosa in TSB for 48 hours were forming distinct biofilms on the glass surface, which is appropriate for undergraduate microbiology laboratory studies.
Familiarize Your Students with Life at the Microscopic Scale
Authors: Cooper Robert A.
Published: December 2021

Developing students’ understanding of cells and the microscopic scale is an important goal of biology education. Cells are the building blocks of multicellular organisms, and most of Earth’s biodiversity is found at the microscopic scale. Developing an understanding of the microscopic scale requires that students use their quantitative reasoning skills. Here, resources are presented that help students develop their quantitative reasoning skills and improve their understanding of the small scale of microscopic life. The crosscutting concept, Scale, Proportion, and Quantity, and the science and engineering practice, Using Mathematics and Computational Thinking, are highlighted. The development of students’ quantitative reasoning skills in biology is universally recognized as an important outcome of biology education.
I Was Taught to be Bold in My Black Womanhood
Authors: Scapp Ron
Published: December 2021

Julia Jordan-Zachery discusses her origins in Barbados, her early notions of social justice, and how those connect to her work as an academic in Ethnic Studies. In this interview by Ron Scapp, Jordan-Zachery explains her vision of the Association for Ethnic Studies.
People Before Profit?
Authors: Webb Mattie C.
Published: December 2021

Focusing on the automobile industry in Port Elizabeth, South Africa, this article demonstrates how Ford Motor Company and General Motors challenged apartheid through adherence to the Sullivan Principles, while maintaining cordial relations with the capitalist South African government in the late-apartheid period. Designed to promote desegregation of the workplace and equal pay for equal work, the Sullivan Principles were a controversial code of conduct for US subsidiaries operating in apartheid South Africa. Leon Sullivan, an African American civil rights leader, unveiled the Principles in March 1977 with the support of US multinationals, including both Ford and GM. Drawing on archival sources from both the United States and South Africa, the author traces how these American multinational corporations did not sufficiently allay their workers' most pressing concerns, nor did they firmly challenge the South African government. The Principles’ shortcomings underscore the disconnect between the anti-apartheid movement’s calls for revolutionary transformation and the American business community’s focus on evolutionary change, thus highlighting the tensions between international capital and South Africa’s racialized labor relations.
Series: Cardiovascular outcome trials for diabetes drugs Canagliflozin and the CANVAS Program, dapagliflozin and DECLARE-TIMI 58, ertugliflozin and VERTIS CV
Authors: Fisher Miles
Published: December 2021

EMPA-REG OUTCOME was a landmark trial with the sodium-glucose co-transporter-2 (SGLT2) inhibitor empagliflozin, which demonstrated significant reductions in major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE, a composite of cardiovascular death, non-fatal myocardial infarction and non-fatal stroke) driven by reductions in cardiovascular deaths and accompanied by an early reduction in hospitalisation for heart failure. This was followed by cardiovascular outcome trials with canagliflozin, dapagliflozin and ertugliflozin. The CANVAS Program was an integrated analysis of the CANVAS and CANVAS-R trials with canagliflozin. It demonstrated a significant reduction in MACE, but not in any of the components, and there was an unexpected increase in amputations and fractures with canagliflozin. The DECLARE-TIMI 58 trial with dapagliflozin had two co-primary endpoints. A composite endpoint of cardiovascular death or hospitalisation for heart failure was significantly reduced, but there was no significant difference in MACE comparing dapagliflozin with placebo. Analysis of patients with a prior myocardial infarction, however, demonstrated significant reductions in MACE. The VERTIS CV trial with ertugliflozin was disappointing as there was no difference in MACE comparing ertugliflozin and placebo. In all four trials a reduction in hospitalisation for heart failure was observed in patients with type 2 diabetes, regardless of whether they had existing atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease or increased cardiovascular risk. Pre-specified renal outcomes were reduced with empagliflozin, canagliflozin and dapagliflozin, and these drugs are now commonly used in the management of people with type 2 diabetes. It is hard to envisage an ongoing role for ertugliflozin in routine clinical management as the evidence for its cardiovascular benefit is not convincing.
The practice of imposing administrative fines by the State Data Protection Inspectorate in the context of other EU Member States
Authors: Šidlauskas Aurimas
Published: December 2021

The implementation of the EU General Data Protection Regulation (hereinafter referred to as the Regulation), which, among other things, aims to eliminate disparities between national systems and to alleviate unnecessary administrative burdens, began on 25 May 2018. Each Member State is to ensure that there is one or more independent public authorities (hereinafter referred to as the supervisory authority) responsible for monitoring the implementation of the Regulation. In Lithuania, personal data protection is supervised by two authorities, namely by the State Data Protection Inspectorate (hereinafter referred to as the SDPI) and by the Office of the Inspector of Journalist Ethics. The powers conferred on the supervisory authorities by the Regulation are greater and broader in scope than those granted under previous data protection legislation. Organizations which process personal data must ensure compliance with the requirements laid down in the Regulation. A supervisory authority that violates the provisions of the Regulation may be faced with heavy administrative fines and other sanctions. This article analyzes the practice of imposing administrative fines in the EU and in Lithuania as compared to other EU Member States. The author of the article believes that evaluating the practice of imposing administrative fines by the SDPI within the general context of the EU shall enable one to search for the reasons behind the current situation, as well as to improve the processes the SDPI employs to perform functions associated with data protection supervision. The article uses generalization and comparative analysis of scientific literature, legal documents and statistical data.
The Formation of the Legal Facts Theory in the Context of the Development of Legal Science
Authors: Shafalovich Hanna
Published: December 2021

This article reveals misconceptions in the study of the theory of legal facts in Roman law studies . The use of an institutional approach in Roman law studies led to the conclusion that there are no elements of the legal facts theory in Roman jurisprudence. Using a historical and theoretical approach, the author concluded that there was a developed system of legal facts in Ancient Rome and a system of logical and stable concepts of the legal facts theory formed at the level of the concept, which was accepted and developed by the subsequent legal science.
The Role of International Organizations in Maintaining Environmental Security
Authors: Volik Viacheslav , Bespalova Olha
Published: December 2021

The conducted research aims to determine the role of international organizations in the field of maintaining environmental safety. It is concluded that the relevance of the activities of international environmental organizations, governmental and non-governmental, both individually and collectively, make an important contribution to the processes of ensuring and maintaining environmental safety throughout the world, showing the need to disseminate environmental education, invest in environmental projects, increase society’s involvement in cooperation at the national and international levels, update scientific theoretical and practical research, and preserve natural heritage for future generations.
Identity Development of Foreign Language Teachers in Lithuania
Authors: Mastandrea Adam , Palaimaité Gabrielé
Published: December 2021

Teacher identity is an evolving, multi-dimensional concept of a teacher’s understanding of self, best understood as a dynamic narrative of self-growth. The present study is focused on hypothesized stages of teacher identity development (Pride, Survival, Experimentation, Disenchantment, Rebellion and Progressive Proficiency) and their occurrence in Lithuanian foreign language teachers. A series of semi-structured interviews were carried out with eight Lithuanian foreign language teachers to discover their personal narratives of teacher identity development.The findings of the qualitative case study research revealed that key features of the six possible identity stages were present across the unique experiences of theforeign language teachers interviewed. However, each research participant displayed only certain key features of each identity development stage rather than a combination of all the possible features. In general, less experienced teachers displayed fewer key features at certain identity stages, implying that they had not experienced particular phases of identity development to completion. The results suggest certain features of identity development stages can be omitted and then experienced later in a teacher’s career. Teacher satisfaction with compensation, job security, professional prestige and the education system in general were additional factors that contributed uniquely to the identity development of teachers working in Lithuania.
The image of the German in current literature and media
Authors: Liutkevičienė Danutė
Published: December 2021

The aim of this article was to analyse the reflection of the image of the German in the examples from the current literature and the media present in the Corpus of the Contemporary Lithuanian Language of the Vytautas Magnus University. The focus of the study went beyond the collocations with this word and the disclosure of the characteristic traits of Germans all the way to the meaning bestowed upon this word by the broader context – the sentence or a group of them. Examples containing all forms of the lexeme German were examined. A total of six different contexts in which Germans are mentioned were identified: these were the contexts of history, cooperation, sports, culture, characteristic traits, and science.

In the context of history, Germans are usually referred to as a belligerent nation, assailants, savage conquerors, invaders. The attitude towards them is negative as often as not. Things are different in the context of cooperation, where the attitude is positive and Germans are seen as friendly partners. In the contexts of sports, culture, and science, the story is more or less the same, with Germans regarded with respect as meritorious and high-ranking representatives of their field.The context of the characteristic traits of Germans has the highest degree of controversy and stereotype. Some data show that Germans, according to the popular belief, are neat, rational, organised, punctual, disciplined, hard-working, cultured, law-abiding; they are rather cold and reserved. Other examples, albeit much smaller in number, bear witness to quite the opposite: that Germans are neither punctual nor overly neat or cultured; some sources even say that they are friendly, merry, and approachable. Besides, this nature loves to travel.
Can hepatitis C virus infection be cured with complementary and alternative medicine?
Authors: Ebrahimi Alireza
Published: December 2021

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Synthesis, spectral and luminescent properties of new alkylamino-beta-ketoenol compounds and metal complexes on their basis for creation of fluorescent probes for biomolecules and optical materials
Authors:   V.I. Vernadsky Institute of General and Inorganic Chemistry of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine, Pekhnyo Vasyl I. , Chernii Viktor Y. ,   V.I. Vernadsky Institute of General and Inorganic Chemistry of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine, Kovalska Vladyslava B. ,   Institute of Molecular Biology and Genetics of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine, Losytskyy Mykhaylo Yu. ,   Institute of Molecular Biology and Genetics of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine, Chernii Svitlana V. ,   V.I. Vernadsky Institute of General and Inorganic Chemistry of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine, Dovbii Yan M. ,   V.I. Vernadsky Institute of General and Inorganic Chemistry of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine, Tretyakova Iryna M. ,   V.I. Vernadsky Institute of General and Inorganic Chemistry of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine
Published: December 2021

A series of chalcones and alkylamino-β-ketoenol dyes based on dehydroacetic acid were synthesized in this work. Their individuality is established and physicochemical properties are investigated. A number of phthalocyanine complexes of zirconium and hafnium with these β-ketoenol ligands have been obtained, and their spectral-luminescent properties have been studied. It is established that the obtained complexes absorbs light in a wide spectral range from 300 to 700 nm. Functionalized alkylamino-β-ketoenoles are reported as probes for fluorescent detection of protein aggregates that associated with dangerous diseases, including neurodegenerative disorders. Depending on the nature of the substituents, these dyes can increase the fluorescence intensity tenfold in the presence of fibrillar aggregates, but are practically insensitive to native proteins. The studied dyes have a green-yellow emission in the region of 495–540 nm. For the most effective compound (2E,5Z,7E)-8-(4-(dimethylamino)phenyl)-6-hydroxy-2-(2-methoxyethyl-amino)octa-2,5,7-trien-4-one the fluorescence quantum yield upon binding to insulin fibrils reaches 47.0%, while for the free dye this value is about 0.5%. Due to its sensing properties, this dye exceeds the properties of Thioflavin T, which is the standard for the determination of amyloid fibrils. Alkylamino-β-ketoenol dyes have been shown to be promising as fluorescent probes for the detection of β-pleated protein aggregates.
Materials with high dielectric permeability on the basis of spontaneously polarized systems, lithium conductors and transition metal oxides
Authors:   V.I. Vernadsky Institute of General and Inorganic Chemistry of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine, Belous Anatolii G. , V'yunov Oleg I. ,   V.I. Vernadsky Institute of General and Inorganic Chemistry of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine, Yanchevskii Oleg Z. ,   V.I. Vernadsky Institute of General and Inorganic Chemistry of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine, Kovalenko Leonid L. ,   V.I. Vernadsky Institute of General and Inorganic Chemistry of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine, Plutenko Tetiana O. ,   V.I. Vernadsky Institute of General and Inorganic Chemistry of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine, Stupin Yuriy D. ,   V.I. Vernadsky Institute of General and Inorganic Chemistry of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine
Published: December 2021

Materials with a high dielectric constant (e > 1000) based on complex oxides of spontaneously polarized systems, lithium-conducting systems, and oxides of transition metals were studied. It was shown in dielectric ceramics Ba(Ti,Sn)O3 the absence of significant dispersion of dielectric parameters (e and tg δ) in a wide frequency range from 1 to 105 Hz. The introduction of MnO2 and Al2O3-SiO2-TiO2 improves dielectric parameters and reduces sintering temperature. Obtained ceramic materials are characterized by high dielectric constant values e ~ 13000–16000 and low dielectric losses tg d ~ 0.05–0.06 (at 1 MHz). Synthesized solid solutions of La0.5Li0.5-xNaxTiO3 system, where x = 0 and 0.1, have high values e¢ > 104 at low frequencies (f ≤ 10 Hz). Dielectric properties of these materials are determined by the lithium ions mobility that increases with the rise of sodium content by increasing bottleneck size and decreases by the number of lithium vacancies reduction. The disadvantage of such materials is the decrease in dielectric constant with frequency increase. It was found that the ceramic СaСu3Тi4–xAlxО12-y-0.5xFy with x/y = 0.04/0.04 after sintering for 10 h is characterized by dielectric parameters: e¢ » 71000 (1 kHz) and tg d » 0.047. Introduction of aluminum (x/y = 0.04/0) or fluorine (0/0.08) in CCTO reduces dielectric losses (tg d » 0.044). The advantages of this type of material are a wide frequency range of high dielectric constant and relatively low dielectric loss. Synthesized materials can be used for the development of ceramic capacitors with high characteristics.
Mechanochemical and sonochemical syntheses of new nanocomposites
Authors:   Institute for Sorption and Problems of Endoecology of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine, Zazhigalov Valery O. , Sachuk Olena V. ,   Institute for Sorption and Problems of Endoecology of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine, Diyuk Olena A. ,   Institute for Sorption and Problems of Endoecology of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine, Bacherikova Iryna V. ,   Institute for Sorption and Problems of Endoecology of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine
Published: December 2021

For the first time the possibility of the complex nanodispersed compound formation at mechanochemical and sonochemical treatment of the initial compounds mixture was shown. Mechochemical treatment of the mixture of molybdenum oxide and bismuth nitrate permits to obtain of bismuth molybdate in form of nanoparticles, in the same time the treatment of mixture of titanium oxide and calcium hydroxide leads to formation of calcium titanate in form of nanoprisms. It was shown that mechanochemical treatment of the mixture of titanium oxide and tin oxide leads to formation of titanium oxide amorphous layer on tin oxide surface. The mechanism of nanodispersed zinc molybdate formation at sonochemical treatment of initial oxides was established. It was shown that nanocomposites synthesized by these methods demonstrate the higher catalytic activity in organic compounds neutralization processes in water solutions at visible light irradiation and in the process of bioethanol selective oxidation to acetaldehyde and hydrogen in comparison with known analogous catalysts synthesized by traditional methods.
Modification of nanoporous structure and surface of carbon electrodes for use in power storage systems
Authors:   Institute for Sorption and Problems of Endoecology  of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine, Maletin Yuriy A. , Stryzhakova Natalia G. ,   Institute for Sorption and Problems of Endoecology  of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine, Zelinskyi Sergii O. ,   Institute for Sorption and Problems of Endoecology  of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine, Lysenko Anatoliy O. ,   Institute for Sorption and Problems of Endoecology  of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine, Goba Valentyna E. ,   Institute for Sorption and Problems of Endoecology of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine, Gozhenko Oleg V. ,   Institute for Sorption and Problems of Endoecology of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine, Maletin Andriy Yu. ,   Institute for Sorption and Problems of Endoecology of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine
Published: December 2021

Method for modification of nanoporous structure and surface of carbon materials to be used as supercapacitor electrodes has been developed and optimized as to the microwave treatment (MWT) regimes. Mechanisms of MWT due to the dielectric and Maxwell-Wagner polarization effects have been discussed. It has been found that due to the dielectric polarization and a fast increase in temperature inside pores, which were saturated with etching agents (water, oxalic or formic acid) beforehand, the selective pore etching “from inside” can occur that increases the pore size and, as a result, increases the electrostatic capacitance of supercapacitors by 20%. Processes of pore structure development have been optimized as to the treatment duration and the carbon material grain size. It has also been shown that the pore surface can be modified with Nitrogen heteroatoms due to the MWT of carbon and melamine powder mixtures. This modification enables to step up the supercapacitor rated voltage from commonly used 2.7V to 3.0V that additionally increases the supercapacitor energy density by 23%. Yet another advantage of MWT is a significant reduction in treatment duration (from hours to minutes) and in energy consumption; besides, the loss of carbon material does not exceed 10% due to the mostly “from inside” etching process.
Mutual sensibilization in epoxyacrylate interpenetrating polymer networks
Authors:   Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine, Brovko Oleksandr O. , Yarova Natalia V. ,   Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine, Samoilenko Tetiana F. ,   Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine, Yashchenko Larysa M. ,   Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine
Published: December 2021

Using the method of IR spectroscopy, the kinetic features of the course of photoinitiated cationic and free radical polymerization in simultaneous epoxyacrylate interpenetrating polymer networks were investigated. The degree and rate of conversion of epoxy groups in the epoxy component (aliphatic diepoxide UP-650D, aliphatic-alicyclic triepoxide UP-650T, and diane epoxides ED-20 and Epicot 828), and the opening of double bonds in acrylate component (triethylene glycol dimethacrylate) were determined. The sensitizing effect of the acrylate component on the degree of conversion of epoxy groups in IPNs with aliphatic diepoxide or aliphatic-alicyclic triepoxide with an epoxy/acrylate ratio of 50/50 wt. % was revealed. For diane epoxies, the opposite regularity of conversion of epoxy groups in the composition of epoxy-acrylate IPNs is observed: in comparison with initial polymer networks, the degree of conversion of epoxy groups was significantly reduced. In the first case of low-viscosity aliphatic and cycloaliphatic epoxides such a sensitization is occurred due to the fact that the simultaneous polymerization of acrylate via a free radical mechanism promotes the decomposition of the photoinitiator and the formation of more macrocations quantity. In second case of more viscous diane epoxy resins, the spatial restriction imposed by the rapidly formed acrylate networks is predominate. That is why the conversion of epoxy groups is reduced and this effect is neutralized.
Synthesis, structure and properties of oligomeric ionic liquids of highly branched structure and special features of their self-arrangement
Authors:   Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine, Shevchenko Valery V. , Stryutsky Alexandr V. ,   Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine, Gumenna Mariana A. ,   Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine, Klimenko Nina S. ,   Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine, Klepko Valeri V. ,   Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine
Published: December 2021

Synthesis, features of structural organization and behavior in aqueous solution of amphiphilic reactive aprotic cationic oligomeric ionic liquids obtained on the basis of a mixture of oligomeric amino- and hydroxyl-containing silsesquioxanes were considered. The dependence of the glass transition temperature, the value of ionic conductivity, self-organization in dilute aqueous solutions and the ζ-potential on the length of the alkyl substituent near the quaternary nitrogen atom in the composition of the synthesized compounds was shown. It was found that quaternization of the tertiary nitrogen atom of the starting oligomer causes a sharp decrease in the glass transition temperature. The value of the latter increases with an increase in the length of the hydrophobic alkyl fragments due to their association. In this case the ionic conductivity under anhydrous conditions decreases and at temperatures above 100°C drops by almost an order of magnitude. The maximum conductivity was reached for the oligomeric ionic liquid with the short alkyl chain and its value was 10-3 S/cm at 120oC. In dilute aqueous solutions the synthesized oligomeric ionic liquids with the short alkyl chain form aggregates with an average size of 100 nm while increasing the length of the alkyl chain prevents aggregation of silsesquioxane nuclei and leads to formation of unimolecular micelles with an average size of 3 nm
Optical and polymerization characteristics of the materials for 3D-printing depending on the nature of their composite component
Authors:   Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine, Sysyuk Valentina G. , Granchak Vasil M. ,   L.V. Pisarzhevskii Institute of Physical Chemistry of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine
Published: December 2021

The influence of the nature and amount of the polymerization components of the composition to photocuring processes urethanemethacrylate oligomers without additives and with the addition of siliconeorganic modifiers and tertiary amines methacrylates under irradiation LED lights of different wavelengths in the presence of photoinitiators was investigated. The effect of the nature and amount of photoinitiators on the optical and polymerization properties of materials and coatings was studied using a PLASMON-71 spectrometer. The possibility of regulating of the photochemical and operational characteristics of the constructed nanocomposite materials in accordance with their appointment in technological processes of stereolithographic recording of 3D information during printing volumetric images was shown.
Catalytic pyrolysis of lignin-cellulose biomass and its model phenolic components on the nanosized oxides surface
Authors:   Chuiko Institute of Surface Chemistry of the the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine, Kulik Tetiana V. , Nastasiienko Nataliia S. ,   Chuiko Institute of Surface Chemistry of the the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine, Palianytsia Borys B. ,   Chuiko Institute of Surface Chemistry of the the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine, Kylik Kostiantyn S. ,   Chuiko Institute of Surface Chemistry of the the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine, Kartel Mykola Т. ,   Chuiko Institute of Surface Chemistry of the the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine
Published: December 2021

Lignocellulose is currently considered as a potential renewable source of a wide range of valuable chemicals, including aromatics. Catalytic pyrolysis is the promising method for the conversion of biomass raw materials. The development of renewable biomass pyrolysis technologies requires fundamental research on catalytic thermal transformations of lignocellulosic raw materials. Therefore, in this work, the methods of IR spectroscopy, temperature programmed desorption mass spectrometry (TPD MS) and thermogravimetric analysis were used to investigate the catalytic thermal transformations of rapeseed meal (RM) and ferulic acid (FA) as a model phenol-containing component of such raw material on the surface of nanosized oxides CeO2, SiO2 TiO2/SiO2, Al2O3/SiO2 and CeO2/SiO2. The most effective catalyst in the conversion of biomass to ketones was a nanocomposite CeO2/SiO2 with the highest content of nanoparticles of CeO2 (24%). According to the data of FTIR spectroscopic studies, the interaction of FA with the CeO2 surface occurs with the participation of phenol and carboxyl groups. The main products of thermal decomposition of FA on the surface of CeO2 are 3-methoxy-4-vinylphenol, guaiacol, coumaric acid and hydroxybenzene. Condensed aromatics (naphthalene, alkylnaphthalenes) were registered in small quantities.
The roles of carbonic anhydrases in сarbon concentrating mechanisms of aquatic photoautotrophs
Authors:   M.G. Kholodny Institute of Botany, NAS of Ukraine,  2 Tereschenkivska Str., Kyiv 01601, Ukraine, Polishchuk O.V.
Published: December 2021

The article surveys multiple roles of carbonic anhydrases (CAs) in inorganic carbon (Ci) acquisition by cyanobacteria, microalgae, and macrophytes under Ci limiting conditions. Slow Ci diffusion in aquatic environments imposes the need for carbon concentrating mechanisms (also named CO2 concentrating mechanisms, CCMs) in aquatic photoautotrophs to transport Ci against the gradient and ensure CO2 supply to photosynthesis. There are common requirements for efficient CCM functioning in cyanobacteria, algae, and aquatic angiosperms, including active transport of HCO3- to the Ci-concentrating compartment and CO2 generation from the HCO3- pool in the Rubisco-enriched subcompartment. Facilitating Ci diffusion in aqueous solutions and across lipid bilayers, CAs play essential roles in CCMs that are best studied in cyanobacteria, green algae, and diatoms. Roles of CAs in CCMs depend on their localization and include facilitation of active transmembrane Ci uptake by its supplying at the outer surface (Role 1) and removal at the inner surface (Role 2), as well as the acceleration of CO2 production from HCO3- near Rubisco (Role 3) in a special CO2-tight compartment, carboxysome in cyanobacteria or pyrenoid in microalgae. The compartmentalization of CAs is also critical because, if activated in the HCO3- –concentrating compartment, they can easily eliminate the Ci gradient created by CCMs.
Репозитарій наукових текстів НАН України в Національній бібліотеці України ім. В.І. Вернадського: стан і перспективи розвитку
Authors: Лобузіна Катерина Вілентіївна
Published: December 2021

У доповіді акцентовано увагу на змінах і новаціях у цифровій науковій комунікації, які обов’язково має опанувати сучасний науковець. Важливий інструментарій управління цифровою науковою інформацією надають репозитарії наукових установ. Запропоновано створити консолідований репозитарій наукових текстів НАН України на базі цифрової платформи бібліотечного порталу LibNAS UA в Національній бібліотеці України ім. В.І. Вернадського на корпоративних засадах з науково-дослідними установами Академії. Презентовано структуру та функціональні можливості LibNAS UA. Зазначено, що реалізація проєкту репозитарію НАН України сприятиме формуванню позитивному іміджу наукових установ і вчених Академії в наукових цифрових комунікаціях.
Роль мікробіома в розвитку онкологічної патології
Authors: Широбоков Володимир Павлович , Янковський Дмитро Станіславович , Димент Галина Семенівна
Published: December 2021

Огляд присвячено аналізу сучасних уявлень про природну мікробіоту людини (мікробіом) як ключову детермінанту, відповідальну як за підтримання здоров'я, так і за розвиток широкого спектру захворювань, зокрема раку. Останніми роками отримано багато переконливих доказів величезного потенціалу дії мікробіома на різні процеси функціонування організму людини. Ґрунтуючись на цих даних, фахівці розглядають мікробіом як додатковий орган людини, який, беручи активну участь у травленні, керуванні метаболічними процесами, забезпеченні цілісності епітеліального бар’єра, зміцненні імунної системи та виконуючи низку інших фізіологічних функцій, оптимізує умови для нормальної життєдіяльності організму людини загалом.
Каталіз як справа життя
Authors: Брей Володимир Вікторович , Власенко Ніна Василівна
Published: December 2021

Статтю присвячено 100-річчю від дня народження знаного українського вченого в галузі хімічної технології, кінетики і каталізу, фундатора наукового напряму «екологічний каталіз», лауреата Державної премії України в галузі науки і техніки (1970), заслуженого діяча науки і техніки України (1991), лауреата премії ім. Л.В. Писаржевського НАН України (1984), доктора хімічних наук (1967), професора (1971), члена-кореспондента НАН України (1976) Василя Михайловича Власенка.
Ensuring a Locally Tailored Response to Early Onset Sepsis Screening Meets or Exceeds the Performance of Published Approaches
Authors: Fischer Ashley , Mowrer Michael Colin , Shallat Shelly , Walker Lucas , Shallat Jaclyn
Published: December 2021

BACKGROUND:

Evaluation of well-appearing neonates for early-onset sepsis (EOS) remains controversial. Multiple risk stratification approaches are currently used for the evaluation of EOS. Our aim was to quantify and compare frequency of laboratory evaluation and empirical antibiotics between published and local EOS approaches.

METHODS:

This retrospective cohort study included 8240 infants born ≥35 + 0/7 weeks’ gestation at an institution from October 1, 2014, to March 1, 2018. Excluded from analysis were 156 patients who exhibited either major congenital anomalies or required antibiotics for surgical issues. A total of 1680 patient charts with risk factors for EOS were reviewed for further demographic data, clinical presentation, laboratory results, and probable recommendations from 4 EOS risk assessment approaches.

RESULTS:

Laboratory evaluation recommendation was 7.1% for Centers for Disease Control and Prevention 2010 guidelines and local 2016 EOS algorithm, 6% for local 2019 EOS algorithm, and 5.9% for Kaiser Permanente neonatal EOS calculator (neonatal EOS calculator). Antibiotic recommendation was 6% for 2010 Centers for Disease Control and Prevention guidelines, 4.3% for neonatal EOS calculator, and 3.3% for local 2016 and 2019 EOS algorithms.

CONCLUSIONS:

Of the 4 approaches reviewed, the local 2019 EOS algorithm and the neonatal EOS calculator were similar in recommending the lowest frequency of laboratory evaluation and the local 2016 and 2019 EOS algorithms had the lowest recommended antibiotic usage in this population.
THE TREATMENT OF FIBROSIS OF THE PANCREAS IN INFANTS AND CHILDREN
Authors: MAY CHARLES D. , LOWE CHARLES UPTON
Published: December 2021

This analysis of the living patients with fibrosis of the pancreas provides some basis for the belief that aerosol antibiotic therapy for the pulmonary infection and a well-balanced diet given ad lib can improve considerably the prognosis of fibrosis of the pancreas, and indicates that there is little justification for the use of restricted or special diets in this disorder.
TOTAL VOLUME OF MEDICAL CARE FOR CHILDREN BASED ON AN ANALYSIS OF EIGHT STATES
Authors: SISSON WARREN R. , BAIN KATHERINE , BRITTEN ROLLO H. , PENNELL MARYLAND Y. , HUBBARD JOHN P.
Published: December 2021

AN ASSIGNMENT has been given to me to present the first official results of the Study of Child Health Services, instituted by the Academy and executed by the Academy with the cooperation of the U. S. Public Health Service and the U. S. Children's Bureau. The paper which I am to read represents the results of work by you and compiled by your Executive Staff of the Study. One would like to conjecture how the future historian of the Academy will evaluate the transactions of this afternoon's session. Certainly this meeting marks a milestone in that it represents an awareness of public health problems, especially those of children, which have never before been so intimately studied. Furthermore, it is noteworthy because of the actual achievement of an investigation of a scope never previously paralleled by a group of physicians. Also the Study has revealed that, with common objectives, groups of physicians in private practice and those from the ranks of academic circles, along with personnel from established governmental bureaus, can work effectively together. It should be reiterated that the Study could not have been accomplished by us as a group of physicians alone nor by any existing governmental department. The two cooperating federal agencies, the U. S. Public Health Service and the U. S. Children's Bureau, have trained personnel with interest and experience in public health problems and in the conduct of large-scale statistical studies. The Academy, on its part, has first-hand experience in medical service and an intimate knowledge of those who are rendering service to children, and through its various members has been able to impart knowledge which otherwise would not have been available.
Human Torulosis
Authors: FABER HAROLD K.
Published: December 2021

Interest in the pathogenic mycoses has been steadily increasing during the past three decades, particularly in those which cause disease of the central nervous system, lungs and bones. Pediatricians are especially concerned with certain varieties, notably coccidioidomycosis and histoplasmosis, which may at times be confused with tuberculosis. Torulosis is another example which deserves close attention. Interest was first attracted to it in this country in 1916 by Stoddard and Cutler whose work appeared as one of the early monographs of the Rockefeller Institute. Their study was based on two cases, both with meningitis, and included experimental reproduction of the disease in animals. Four other cases were discovered by them in the literature.
Principles of Judicious Use of Antimicrobial Agents for Pediatric Upper Respiratory Tract Infections
Authors: Dowell Scott F. , Marcy S. Michael , Phillips William R. , Gerber Michael A. , Schwartz Benjamin
Published: December 2021

This article introduces a set of principles to define judicious antimicrobial use for five conditions that account for the majority of outpatient antimicrobial use in the United States. Data from the National Center for Health Statistics indicate that in recent years, approximately three fourths of all outpatient antibiotics have been prescribed for otitis media, sinusitis, bronchitis, pharyngitis, or nonspecific upper respiratory tract infection.1Antimicrobial drug use rates are highest for children1; therefore, the pediatric age group represents the focus for the present guidelines. The evidence-based principles presented here are focused on situations in which antimicrobial therapy could be curtailed without compromising patient care. They are not formulated as comprehensive management strategies. For most upper respiratory infections that require antimicrobial treatment, there are several appropriate oral agents from which to choose. Although the general principles of selecting narrow-spectrum agents with the fewest side effects and lowest cost are important, the principles that follow include few specific antibiotic selection recommendations.