bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Qualitative Approach to Understand the Knowledge, Beliefs, and Barriers Toward Organ Donation in a Rural Community of Haryana - A Community Based Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Misra Puneet , Malhotra Sumit , Sharma Nitika , Misra M. C. , Vij Arti , Pandav C. S.
Published: April 2021

Introduction:

Organ transplantation is the therapeutic modality available for people with end-organ failure. However, only 10% of the need for transplantation is met globally. There are different factors that influence organ donation by people.

Objective:

This study was planned with an aim to understand the beliefs and knowledge of a rural community toward organ donation and the identification of barriers for organ donation.

Materials and Methods:

A qualitative community-based cross-sectional study was carried out among the adults of a rural area of Ballabgarh block of district Faridabad, Haryana. There were four groups of participants based on age and gender. Data collection was done through focused group discussion.

Results:

Several themes emerged and various reasons that were facilitators/barriers for donation of organ by people were listed: unawareness on what organs can be donated, misuse of donated organs by black marketing, organ donation by people having any comorbidity, no religious prohibition on organ donation, and disfigurement of body after organ donation.

Conclusion:

People consider organ donation a noble act. However, there are various myths and misconceptions as well as unawareness of procedure regarding organ donation that leads to lower rate of organ donation. Awareness campaigns should be organized to take care of such issues.
Immunosuppression after the Diagnosis of Renal Allograft Renal Cell Carcinoma in Two Transplant Recipients
Authors: Bharati Joyita , Gupta Parikshaa , Gorsi Ujjwal , Mavuduru Ravimohan S. , Kumar Vivek , Rathi Manish , Kohli Harbir Singh , Ramachandran Raja
Published: April 2021

Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is a common solid malignancy among renal transplant recipients. While it commonly involves the native kidneys, renal allograft RCC is increasingly being reported in renal transplant recipients. Most often, renal allograft RCCs are locally confined and nephron-sparing interventions are successful treatments. Immunosuppression is typically reduced in transplant recipients who develop malignancies; however, there is no consensus on the same for transplant recipients with a diagnosis of RCC. We report two cases of renal allograft RCC who were successfully managed with ablative therapy and reduction of immunosuppression. However, both the patients developed irreversible graft dysfunction and are wait-listed in the deceased donor program for the second transplant. We highlight the deficiency of evidence and the need for further studies on the aspect of immunosuppression modification after the diagnosis of RCC in transplant recipients.
Renal Angiographic Evaluation of Prospective Renal Donors
Authors: Jose Nisha , Jayaprakash Varadharajan , Deiva A. , Sai Venkata , Jayakumar M
Published: April 2021

Introduction:

In countries without a well-developed deceased donor program, living donors form the backbone of the renal replacement strategy. Computed tomography (CT) angiography forms an integral part of the predonation evaluation. The course, number, and morphometric evaluation of the renal vasculature provided by CT angiography help to identify which kidney to harvest and which kidney to exclude from the donation. The characteristics of the Indian renal donor are a rarely studied topic with only a few studies on the same to date.

Methodology:

This is an observational study done over a period of 3 years noting the clinical and morphometric characteristics of the renal donors from a database.

Results:

In this study, 57 prospective living renal donors were included. Most donors were women. The length of the renal artery and renal vein was shorter in this cohort than in previously known statistics. The diameter of the renal vessels was also smaller than previous data. The left side kidney was more commonly harvested compared to the right.

Conclusion:

Renal angiographic morphometric data among the Indian population were different from previously known statistics. Angiographic data correlated well with intraoperative findings in the majority of patients.
Cytomegalovirus Disease in Post-Renal Transplant Patients
Authors: Yadav Poonam , Yadava Kamlesh , Tandon Neeraj , Prasad Narayan , Dhole T. N.
Published: April 2021

Background:

Cytomegalovirus is an important viral pathogen causing infection in immunodeficient patient especially in solid organ transplant like renal transplant. This study aims to evaluate the prevalence and clinical impact of CMV infection in renal transplant patients in a tertiary care hospital in Northern India.

Materials and Methods:

145 renal transplant patients were tested for cytomegalovirus DNA by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and for presence of IgM and IgG antibody against cytomegalovirus by ELISA. PCR amplified product were detected by Agarose gel electrophoresis.

Results:

Out of 145 transplant patients CMV Viremia was detected by PCR in 16(11.0%) patients. Two patients died in the study period in which one patient had HBV and other had HCV infection. IgM antibody against CMV was detected in one out of 145 donors while IgG anti-CMV antibody was detected in all 145 donors and recipients by ELISA. Two out of 145 transplant recipients had positive CMV PCR in pre-transplant period, and both had positive CMV PCR in post-transplant period. Out of sixteen positive patients histopathology changes of CMV disease was found in 2 patients (12.5%).

Conclusion:

Cytomegalovirus disease is major cause of morbidity and mortality in renal transplant patients. PCR to detect specific CMV genome sequences is important tool for early diagnosis and specific anti viral therapy. In our study out of 145 transplant patients, CMV Viremia was detected by PCR in 16 patients (11.0%). Two patients in the study period died, in which one patient had HBV and other had HCV infection, remaining patients survived with varying range of serum creatinine levels. Diagnostic histological changes of CMV is seen only in minority of cases(12.5%) who are positive by PCR for CMV.
Prevalence and Risk Factors for Postrenal Transplant Hyperparathyroidism
Authors: Sampathkumar Krishnaswamy , Rajiv Andrew , Kumar Shakthi , Selvan Kadhir
Published: April 2021

Introduction:

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) commonly results in secondary hyperparathyroidism. Even after a successful renal transplant, residual parathyroid overactivity persists. We studied its prevalence and risk factors in Indian patients.

Patients and Methods:

Patients who underwent renal transplantation in our unit from 2013 to 2019 and completed 3 months of the posttransplant period were included. We excluded patients with advanced allograft dysfunction and those on medications with the potential impact of divalent cations. A detailed history, physical examination, and laboratory parameters were obtained.

Results:

There were 110 subjects, of whom 78% were male. The mean age group was 38 ± 12 years. Chronic glomerulonephritis was the most common etiology of CKD (54%). Posttransplant vintage was 48 ± 44 months. The mean serum parathyroid hormone (PTH) level was 135 ± 176 pg/ml. Sixty-seven percent of them had raised serum PTH levels above 70 pg/ml. The patients were asymptomatic. Hypercalcemia and hypophosphatemia were rare. The mean 25 OH Vitamin D levels were low (23 ± 8 ng/ml) with 41% of the subjects showing either deficiency or insufficiency. Higher serum PTH levels were significantly associated with female sex, lower estimated glomerular filtration rate, and lower serum 25 OH Vitamin D levels. Serum parathormone levels were significantly negatively correlated with serum calcium (r2
= −0.39. P = 0.0003) and Vitamin D levels (r2
= −0.50. P = 0.002).

Conclusions:

Posttransplant hyperparathyroidism (PTHP) persists even after many years of normal allograft function. Hypercalcemia and hypophosphatemia are insensitive tests to identify the condition. Vitamin D deficiency has a strong correlation with PTHP.
Study of Prevalence of Internet Addiction among Adolescents in a Cantonment School
Authors: Kumar Surinder , Singh Harpreet , Shankar Prerna , Chail Amit
Published: April 2021

Background:

More Indians have access to mobile phones than toilets. Concerns have been raised for addictive potential of Internet. There are few Indian studies on the prevalence of Internet addiction (IA) among adolescents. The present study aimed to assess the prevalence of IA among adolescents and its association with sociodemographic variables in a cantonment school.

Methodology:

It was a cross-sectional study among students of the age group of 10–19 years in Western Maharashtra. Sociodemographic data were collected using a self-administered questionnaire. Young's IA test was used to diagnose IA. Statistical analysis was done using Chi-square test and odds ratio.

Results:

A total of 1325 students participated in the study. Among these, 2.5% had scores above 69 (addicted). Among those with scores > 69, 85% were boys, average daily Internet use was 5.3 h in last 1 year. Use for academics, online gaming, and social media were the most common reasons for current use among the study sample. Risk factors included watching pornography, online gaming, use of Internet due to loneliness or boredom, use in Internet café, permanent login status, accessing Internet > 4 h daily, and consumption of tobacco or alcohol by any of the parents. The possible protective factors included using Internet only for academics, restricting Internet use to < 2 h, and having a playground nearby and playing there.

Conclusion:

In our study, prevalence of IA is around 2.5%. The possible risk and protective factors can be targets of intervention and further study.
Congenital Infiltrating Lipomatosis of the Face
Authors: Jaiswal Dhiraj Kumar , Maheshwari Saurabh , Khandelwal Vivek , Rajesh Uddandam
Published: April 2021

Congenital infiltrating lipomatosis of the face (CLIF) is a rare condition that is included in the subgroup of lipomatous tumor-like lesions. We present a rare case of CLIF in a 19-year-old male with clinical, imaging, and histopathological findings along with a review of the relevant literature. Our patient had a gradually progressive swelling on the left half of the face since childhood. Radiograph, computed tomography scan, and magnetic resonance imaging showed heterogeneous ill-defined fat-density lesion involving the left half of the face. Histopathological examination confirmed the diagnosis of CLIF. This diagnosis should be suspected on clinical examination and can be confirmed based on characteristic radiological findings. The patient should be kept under regular observation until the stabilization of bone growth, after which appropriate cosmetic surgery should be performed.
“A Randomized Controlled Single Blind Clinical Trial to Evaluate Effectiveness of Empirical Treatment with Albendazole in Delaying Disease Progression among Human Immunodeficiency Virus Positive Antiretroviral Therapy Naïve Patients at an Antiretroviral Therapy Center of a Tertiary Care Hospital”
Authors: Sindhu Apoorva , Ramakrishnan T. S. , Sashindran V. K. , Khera Anurag
Published: April 2021

Introduction:

Parasitic opportunistic infections are widely accepted to accelerate the progression of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection to acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. A large number of interventions are needed to delay HIV progression and improve the health status of HIV patients. The cheapest, simplistic, and practical intervention in a resource-limited setting like India, where HIV and helminth co-infection is common, is deworming.

Methodology:

The participants were assesses for their eligibility and recruited into two study arms. Both groups were followed for 1 year. CD4 count was assessed at baseline, 6 months, and 12 months. Study participants assigned to the treatment group were treated at 0, 3, 6, and 9 months with tablet Albendazole (400 mg) for 3 days. Study participants assigned to the control arm were given Placebo (Tablet Calcium 500 mg) for 3 days at 0, 3, 6, and 9 months.

Results:

In both treatment group and the placebo control group, the mean CD4 count was found to be declining. The mean decline in CD4 count of the intervention group was 72 cells/mm3 at 6 months and 85 cells/mm3 at 1 year. Similarly, the mean decline of CD4 count in the control group was 94 cells/mm3 at 6 months and 120 cells/mm3 at 1 year. We found that the mean difference in CD4 count between the intervention group and control group was −31.66 cells/mm3, −9.98 cells/mm3 and 24.87 cells/mm3 at baseline, 6 months, and 1 year, respectively. Our results are consistent with various other studies conducted in Uganda and Africa, as well as Cochrane systematic review.

Conclusion:

We conclude that empirical treatment with Albendazole in HIV-positive antiretroviral therapy naïve patients has no significant influence on delaying the progression of HIV disease.
Adverse Hemodynamic Response due to Malposition of Central Venous Catheter
Authors: Najmuddin Shaikh Azimuddin , Taneja Sameer , Kulkarni Sachin N
Published: April 2021

Central venous catheter (CVC) is an inescapable requirement of any cardiac surgery for administering drugs including inotropes, cardiac pacing, and invasive monitoring during the perioperative period. Central venous access involves triple-lumen catheter inserted in the internal jugular or femoral vein. The preferred vein for CVCs is the right internal jugular vein because of straighter course to the right heart, better visibility on ultrasonography, lowest risk of the venous stenosis and thrombosis, and also keeping in mind the nature of surgery involved and patient positioning. Malposition of the catheter is a relatively common complication (5.01%) which results in the malfunction of catheters. We report a case of a malposition of a CVC in a 70-year-old male who underwent mitral and aortic valve replacement along with coronary artery grafting for the posterior descending artery on cardiopulmonary bypass.
Nosocomial Recurrent Bacterial Meningitis/Ventriculitis Postelective Surgery in a Case of Total Knee Replacement
Authors: Rajwadkar Vaidehi , Bhalla Gurpreet Singh , Grover Naveen , Sarao Manbeer Singh
Published: April 2021

Multiple causes can result in nosocomial meningitis. Here, we report a case of recurrent healthcare-associated bacterial meningitis caused by different bacteria in a postoperative case, who has been successfully treated with appropriate antibiotic therapy. A 65-year-old woman underwent an elective bilateral total knee replacement. On the postoperative day 5, she exhibited features of meningitis. Acinetobacter baumannii was isolated from the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) culture. Magnetic resonance imaging of the brain was suggestive of ventriculitis. Later, she had to be shifted to the intensive care unit. An external ventricular drain (EVD) was placed due to persisting ventriculitis. Subsequent CSF culture sent from EVD repeatedly showed growth of Burkholderia cepacia. After the CSF cultures became sterile, a thecoperitoneal shunt was placed. She showed significant clinical improvement and was discharged. She was readmitted after 11 days with altered sensorium. Computed tomography of the head showed an increase in the noncommunicating hydrocephalus. The CSF cytology was inconclusive. An EVD was immediately placed. Vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium was isolated from a repeat CSF culture. A ventriculoperitoneal shunt was placed after the CSF cultures showed no growth. She showed dramatic improvement in sensorium and cognition and was discharged. This case highlights the diagnosis and successful management of recurrent central nervous system nosocomial infection caused by rare but emerging healthcare-associated infections. To the best of our knowledge, this is the only case of recurrent nosocomial meningitis caused by three different bacteria and is also one of the rare cases of nosocomial meningitis caused by B. cepacia and vancomycin-resistant E. faecium.
Efficacy of Ultrapulse Carbon Dioxide Laser Ablation Versus 30% Trichloroacetic Acid in Xanthelasma Palpebrarum - A Randomised Controlled Trial
Authors: Das Niyor Mukuta , Subramaniyan Radhakrishnan , Arora Sandeep , Dabas Rajeshwari , Janney Manasa Shettisara , Lal Sandeep V
Published: April 2021

Context:

Xanthelasma palpebrarum (XP) is the most common cutaneous xanthoma that develops around the eyes. A number of treatment modalities have been tried for its removal, but none are truly satisfactory. Trichloroacetic acid (TCA) is commonly used in Indian setting as it is easily available and cost-effective whereas carbon dioxide (CO2) laser has been tried increasingly due to its favorable cosmetic outcome.

Aims:

This study aims to compare the efficacy of ultrapulse CO2 laser ablation with 30% TCA in the treatment of XP.

Setting and Design:

Prospective, interventional, randomized study at a Dermatology Centre of a Tertiary Level Hospital from January 2017 to June 2018.

Methods:

Seventy-four patients with 100 lesions of XP were divided into two groups of flat and elevated lesions. Each group was further randomly divided into two subgroups and administered CO2 laser once a month and 30% TCA once in 2 weeks respectively for 3 months. Patients were clinically assessed at baseline and then at monthly intervals using visual analog scale (VAS), patient satisfaction score (PSS), and standardized photographs. The follow-up was done at the end of 3 and 6 months.

Statistical Analysis and Results:

Mean PSS and VAS score of TCA and laser in flat and elevated lesions were compared using independent group Student's t-test. Response to laser in elevated lesions was found to be statistically better whereas in flat lesions the response to TCA and laser were similar. Recurrence was 17% and 6% at 3 months' follow-up and 24% and 11% at 6 months' follow-up in TCA and laser groups, respectively.

Conclusions:

The end results of ultrapulse CO2 laser and 30% TCA are comparable in flat lesions of XP. In elevated lesions, laser has better efficacy, requires fewer sittings with lesser chance of recurrence.
Selenium Abrogates Tenofovir/Lamivudine/Efavirenz-Induced Hepatotoxicity in Rats
Authors: Adikwu Elias , Oraebosi Michael Ikechukwu , Biradee Innocent
Published: April 2021

Background:

The therapeutic benefit of tenofovir/lamivudine/efavirenz (TLE) in the treatment of human immunodeficiency virus can be truncated by the occurrence of hepatotoxicity. This study evaluated the protective effect of selenium (Se) against hepatotoxicity induced by TLE in albino rats.

Materials and Methods:

Adult male albino rats (n = 40) randomized into four groups (n = 10) were used. Group 1 (Control) orally received normal saline (0.2 mL) daily. Group 2 orally received Se (0.1 mg/kg) daily. Group 3 orally received TLE (8.6/8.6/17.1 mg/kg) daily. Group 4 orally received Se (0.1 mg/kg) and TLE (8.6/8.6/17.1 mg/kg) daily. All rats were treated for 90 days. After treatment, the rats were euthanized, and serum samples were centrifuged from blood samples and assessed for liver function markers. Liver samples were harvested and evaluated for morphological changes and biochemical parameters.

Results:

Impaired liver redox status in TLE-treated rats was characterized by remarkable (P < 0.001) decreases in glutathione peroxidase superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione levels with remarkable (P < 0.001) increases in malondialdehyde levels when compared to control. The alterations in liver function markers were marked by remarkable (P < 0.001) increases in serum aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, lactate dehydrogenase, alkaline phosphatase, gamma-glutamyl transferase, conjugated bilirubin and total bilirubin levels when compared to control. Hepatocyte necrosis and fatty change were observed in TLE-treated rats. However, TLE-induced hepatotoxic changes were significantly (P < 0.01) reversed in Se supplemented rats when compared to TLE.

Conclusion:

Se may be clinically effective against hepatotoxicity caused by TLE.
A Study of Retinal Nerve Fiber Layer Thickness and Other Optic Nerve Head Parameters in Cases of Amblyopia
Authors: Dhar Sanjay Kumar , Raji Kurumkatil , Sharma Vijay Kumar , Singh Prakhar Kumar
Published: April 2021

Introduction:

Amblyopia is a disorder of decreased visual acuity and contrast sensitivity, studies in past have shown retinal changes in amblyopic eyes, which was refuted by other studies. Studies in the recent past have reported variable results on retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thickness in amblyopic eyes. Therefore, there is still a gap in present knowledge. This study was conducted to study RNFL thickness and other optic nerve head (ONH) parameters in amblyopic and better fellow eyes.

Materials and Methods:

A total of 30 diagnosed cases of amblyopia (four cases of meridional, 11 cases of anisometropic, three cases of strabismic, eight cases of ammetropic, and four cases of form deprivation amblyopia) were divided into two groups: Group A (amblyopic eyes – 30 eyes) and Group B (better fellow eyes – 30 eyes). All the eyes underwent visual acuity assessment, refraction (under cycloplegia), anterior segment evaluation, and fundus evaluation. All the patients underwent ONH evaluation by Cirrus 500 spectral-domain high-definition optical coherence tomography, before and after occlusion therapy. The ONH parameters studied were average RNFL thickness, rim area, disc area, and cup volume. The data were analyzed using SPSS version 25:00.

Results:

The RNFL thickness was less in amblyopic eyes as compared to normal fellow eyes, (P = 0.002). There was a positive correlation between RNFL thickness and rim area in both the groups, but it was significant (P = 0.02) in Group A only. No statistically significant difference was found between the rim area, disc area, and cup volume between the two groups.

Conclusion:

The RNFL thickness was found to be significantly less in amblyopic eyes, also there was a significant positive correlation between RNFL thickness and rim area in Group A (P = 0.02).
A Minimalistic Approach to Benign Anorectal Pathologies
Authors: Jain Anshul , Mishra Deep Shikha
Published: April 2021

Background:

Patients with benign anorectal conditions who are treated surgically have long been subjected to fluid diet and and bowel cleansing with either laxatives or enema.

Materials and Methods:

This study is a retrospective analysis of prospectively maintained data from July 2016 to May 2019 at a secondary level hospital. The study assessed 100 patients who underwent surgical management for fissure-in-ano, fistula-in-ano, and internal hemorrhoids.

Results:

The intraoperative fecal encounter occurred in five patients (5%). Eighty-nine patients were pain free on postoperative day 3. No patient developed local or systemic sepsis or fecal incontinence. Recurrence was seen in five patients (5%).

Conclusion:

The study reiterates the fact that surgical management for benign anorectal diseases is straightforward, without the need for extensive perioperative interventions
Gastric phytobezoars as a very unusual cause of gastric outlet obstruction
Authors: Tabesh Elham , Dehghan Amin , Tahmasebi Marzieh , Javadi Niloofar
Published: April 2021

Bezoars are collections of indigestible foreign material found in the gastrointestinal tract. Phytobezoars are the most common among the types of bezoars. Treatment of phytobezoars is categorized into four types: chemical dissolution, endoscopic removal, adjuvant prokinetics, and surgery. Complications from phytobezoars can include gastric outlet obstruction (GOO), ileus, ulcerations, gastrointestinal bleeding, and perforation. Herein, we present an 86-year-old woman with refractory postprandial vomiting. Then, exploratory laparotomy was performed and the diagnosis was gastric phytobezoar. Phytobezoars-induced GOO is rare and its diagnosis is still a challenge.
Nigella sativa in controlling Type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular, and rheumatoid arthritis diseases
Authors: Hadi Vahid , Pahlavani Naseh , Malekahmadi Mahsa , Nattagh-Eshtivani Elyas , Navashenaq Jamshid Gholizadeh , Hadi Saeid , Ferns Gordon A , Ghayour-Mobarhan Majid , Askari Gholamreza , Norouzy Abdolreza
Published: April 2021

Oxidative stress is an important factor in the etiology of several chronic diseases that include cardiovascular disease (CVD), Type 2 diabetes (T2D), and rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Oxidative stress can lead to inflammation, and this can contribute to these chronic diseases. Reducing inflammation and oxidative stress may, therefore, be useful in the prevention and treatment of these conditions. One of the treatment options for chronic diseases is the use of traditional medicine and herbs, such as Nigella sativa. This is one of the herbs that have recently been assessed for its ability to reduce inflammation and oxidative stress. We have reviewed the reported effects of N. sativa on risk factors of chronic diseases (CVD, DM, and RA) with emphasis on molecular and cellular mechanisms in controlling inflammation and oxidative stress. Various mechanisms have been proposed to contribute to the beneficial properties of N. sativa, including a reduction of lipid peroxidation via its antioxidant properties; agonist of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma in adipose tissue; activation of AMP-activated protein kinase, increased antioxidants, inhibition of nuclear factor-kappa B pathway; increased in interleukin-10 expression, CD4+ T-cell percentage, T regulatory cell percentage (CD4+ CD25+ T-cell) in peripheral blood, and CD4+/CD8+ ratio, but to prove this claim, it is necessary to conduct experimental and well-designed clinical trial studies with a larger sample size on the effects of N. sativa on these chronic diseases.
Seroprevalence of Bordetella pertussis among a nationally representative sample of Iranian pediatric population
Authors: Nokhodian Zary , Ataei Behrooz , Zahraei Seyed Mohsen , Gouya Mohammad Mehdi , Hoseini Shervin Ghaffari , Yaran Majid , Mansourian Marjan , Motlagh Mohammad Esmaeil , Heshmat Ramin , Kelishadi Roya
Published: April 2021

Background:

Pertussis is a vaccine-preventable respiratory infection and seroepidemiology of the infection could be a marker of the pertussis immunity in a population. In many countries, despite vaccination coverage, high prevalence of pertussis has been observed. The present study aimed to evaluate the immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibody against pertussis and the role of demographic and anthropometric variables on the immunity rate in the Iranian pediatric population to evaluate the impact of existing immunization program in order to envisage future vaccination strategies to prevent infection.

Methods:

In a cross-sectional multi-centric study, 1593 samples of the students aged 7–18 years, who had been enrolled in a national survey (Childhood and Adolescence Surveillance and Prevention of Adult Noncommunicable disease-V), were randomly selected and tested for IgG antibody against Bordetella pertussis (BP) by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The age, gender, education, residency, geographical region, and body mass index (BMI) were extracted from the questionnaires of the COSPIAN-Survey. Multiple logistic regression models were used to assess the associations between the variables with the IgG antibody against BP. Data were presented by odds ratio (OR), 95% confidence interval (95% CI) and P values (P): (OR [95% CI]; P).

Results:

Subjects were consisted of 774 boys and 750 girls, with a mean (standard deviation) age of 12.39 (3.03) years. Overall, BP seroprevalence was 59.8%. There were higher BMI values in seronegative ones versus seropositive (18.62 ± 4.07 vs. 18.15 ± 3.94, P = 0.041, 95% CI = 0.23 [0.02–0.92]). However, the categorized BMI for age was not significantly associated with IgG levels (0.27 [0.25–0.29]; 0.27). BP seroprevalence was not significantly different between geographical regions (0.06 [0.05–0.07]; 0.06), genders (1.17 [0.93–1.47]; 0.18), area of residence (1.07 [0.82–1.4]; 0.61), and educational levels (0.94 [0.75–1.19]; 0.62).

Conclusion:

IgG antibody against pertussis was not detected in nearly 40% of the subjects who had history of vaccination against pertussis. It is recommended to monitor the incidence of pertussis in high-risk populations closely and administer a booster dose of acellular pertussis vaccine in adolescents.
The role of antiresorptive drugs and medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaw in nononcologic immunosuppressed patients
Authors: Sacco Roberto , Woolley Julian , Yates Julian , Calasans-Maia Monica Diuana , Akintola Oladapo , Patel Vinod
Published: April 2021

Medication related osteonecrosis of the jaw (MRONJ) is a severe condition affecting the jaws of patients exposed to specific drugs, and is primarily described in patients receiving bisphosphonate (BP) therapy. However, more recently it has been observed in patients taking other medications, such as the RANK ligand inhibitor (denosumab) and antiangiogenic drugs. It has been proposed that the existence of other concomitant medical conditions may increase the incidence of MRONJ. The primary aim of this research was to analyze all available evidence and evaluate the reported outcomes of osteonecrosis of the jaws (ONJ) due to antiresorptive drugs in immunosuppressed patients. A multi-database (PubMed, MEDLINE, EMBASE and CINAHL) systematic search was performed. The search generated twenty-seven studies eligible for the analysis. The total number of patients included in the analysis was two hundred and six. All patients were deemed to have some form of immunosuppression, with some patients having more than one disorder contributing to their immunosuppression. Within this cohort the commonest trigger for MRONJ was a dental extraction (n=197). MRONJ complications and recurrence after treatment was sparsely reported in the literature, however a total of fourteen cases were observed. The data reviewed have confirmed that an invasive procedure is the commonest trigger of MRONJ with relatively high frequency of post-operative complications or recurrence following management. However, due to low-quality research available in the literature it is difficult to draw a definitive conclusion on the outcomes analysed in this systematic review.
Breastfeeding knowledge, attitude, and practice among mothers in Al-Taif region, Saudi Arabia
Authors: Al-Malki Sultan Abdullah , Alnefaie Bayan Mansour , Aljoudi Morouj Mansor , Almosawei Raghad Hasan
Published: April 2021

Background:

The World Health Organization and other international health organizations have recommended exclusive breastfeeding (BF) for 6 months after birth. In Saudi Arabia, many studies reported that BF duration had regression over the past 30 years.

Objectives:

The aim of this study was to assess knowledge, attitude, and practice of BF among mothers in the population of Al-Taif region, Saudi Arabia.

Materials and Methods:

Samples of 300 mothers were called to participate in the study where a self-administrated online questionnaire was designed to collect data on knowledge, attitude, and practice of BF among participants' mothers.

Results:

The results showed that 98.7% of the participants thought that BF is important for their health, 98% thought that breast milk has immune stimuli for child protection, 91.3% saw that breast milk is a full nutrition child's food, 89% knew the benefits of colostrum, and 64% reported that the child should breastfeed only natural milk for 24 months. Most of the participants (62%) used breast and artificial feeding for their child, and 95.1% reported that they started BF after birth, but only 17% started in <2 h after delivery. There is no significant relationship between the type of infant feeding and educational level, occupation, and family income of the participant and her husband.

Conclusion:

The study revealed a good knowledge of mothers regarding breast feeding but demonstrated some challenges in their practice and attitude and calls for future studies to assess barriers to breast feeding and how to overcome it in Saudi Arabia.
Effect of Professional Ethics, Audit Quality, and Workload on Materiality Levels Consideration
Authors: Rustiarini Ni Wayan , Listawan I Kadek , Dewi Ni Putu Shinta
Published: April 2021

The level of materiality is a professional judgment that affects the auditor's perception of the needs of those who have sufficient knowledge and who place confidence in the financial statements. Materiality relates to decision making that will give rise to confidence in users of financial statements that the financial statements are free from material misstatement and are by accounting principles. This study aims to examine and obtain evidence of the influence of professional ethics, audit quality, and workload on the consideration of Bali public accounting firms' materiality levels. The study population was auditors at Bali's public accounting firm, registered in the Ikatan Akuntan Public Indonesia Directory, which was still active until 2020. The sample in this study was 80 respondents who were determined based on the purposive sampling method. The analytical tool used to test the hypothesis is multiple linear regression. The results showed that professional ethics and audit quality had a positive effect on the materiality level. Meanwhile, the workload does not affect the materiality level consideration.
Faktor-Faktor yang Merefleksikan Family Business Brand dalam Perspektif Generasi Penerus Perusahaan Keluarga Pada Family Business Community Universitas Ciputra
Authors: Fayola Annisa Aisyah , Padmalia Metta , Effendy Junko Alessandro
Published: April 2021

Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui faktor-faktor yang dapat merefleksikan family business brand dalam perspektif generasi penerus perusahaan keluarga. Pengumpulan data penelitian disebarkan sebanyak 135 responden pada generasi penerus perusahaan keluarga yang tergabung dalam family business community Universitas Ciputra angkatan tujuh, delapan, dan sembilan yang mayoritas sudah pernah terlibat dalam perusahaan keluarga, Pengambilan sampel dilakukan dengan metode teknik pengambilan sampel non-probability sampling dan metode sampling purposive sampling. Metode analisis data yang digunakan adalah Partial Least Square Structural Equation Modeling (SEM PLS) dengan bantuan program smartPLS 3.0. Hasil analisis pada penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa Family Business Brand dapat terefleksikan oleh faktor Family Firm Identity, Family Firm Image, dan Family Firm Reputation. Faktor Family Firm Identity terdiri dari pengaruh keluarga, nilai tujuan keluarga, tempat asal perusahaan, nama bisnis/ perusahaan keluarga, dan tumpang tindih nilai bisnis keluarga. Faktor Family Firm Image terdiri dari penggambaran perjanjian keluarga, saluran atau channel yang digunakan, perilaku anggota yang mencerminkan nilai-nilai, dan sejarah pengorbanan bisnis keluarga. Faktor Family Firm Reputation terdiri dari visi kepemimpinan perusahaan, lingkungan tempat kerja, dan kinerja keuangan perusahaan. Hasil olah data menunjukkan faktor yang merefleksikan Family Business Brand dalam perspektif generasi penerus jika diurutkan dari yang tertinggi yaitu faktor family firm identity, faktor family firm image, dan faktor family firm reputation.

Kata kunci: Family Business Brand, Family Firm Identity, Family Firm Image, Family Firm Reputation, Generasi Penerus, Perusahaan Keluarga
Synthesis, infra red characterization and antimicrobial evaluation of Schiff bases derived from 1, 3-diphenylprop-2-en-1-one and 1-phenyl-3-(4-chlorophenyl)-prop-2-en-1-one
Authors: Aiwonegbe A. E. , Usifoh C. O.
Published: April 2021

Chalcones were synthesized via Claisen-Schmidt condensation between various substituted acetophenone and benzaldehyde using 20% cold alcoholic KOH as catalyst. Two Schiff bases were synthesized through the condensation reaction of the synthesized chalcones with 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine using concentrated H2SO4 as catalyst. The antimicrobial properties of the Schiff bases were determined using the standard disc diffusion method of anti-microbial sensitivity according to CLSI. The results of anti-microbial analysis were compared to ciprofloxacin and ampicillin as reference standards. The first Schiff base was N-(2,4-Dinitro-phenyl)-N'-(1,3-diphenyl-allylidene)-hydrazine (SB1), a hydrazone of 1,3-diphenylprop-2-en-1-one and the second was N-[3-(4-chloro-phenyl)-1-phenyl-allylidene]-N'-(2,4-dinitro-phenyl)-hydrazine (SB2), a hydrazone of 1-phenyl-3-(4-chlorophenyl)-prop-2-en-1-one. SB1 had a percentage yield of 97.57% and a decomposition temperature of 231-2340C while SB2 gave 98.74% as percentage yield and a melting point of 216-2180C. SB1 showed anti-microbial properties while SB2 showed no anti-microbial properties when both were tested against Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa at a concentration of 10 mg/mL. SB1 had a diameter zone of inhibition of 4-6 mm for P. aeruginosa and 7-9 mm for S. aureus. SB1 was more effective against g positive than g negative bacteria at a concentration of 10 mg/L. The presence of the major absorption band in the range of 350-375 nm, attributable to the n-π* transition of aromatic ketones in the UV spectra of the synthesized chalcones gave credence to their proposed aromatic structure. The presence of strong bands at 1604 cm-1 for SB1 and 1601cm-1 for SB2 and the absence of carbonyl oxygen absorption band in their IR spectra gave credence to the formation of Schiff bases.
UPAYA SENAM DIABETES UNTUK PENDERITA DM TIPE II DI PUSKESMAS PONDOK RANGGON I JAKARTA TIMUR
Authors: Fithri Nayla Kamilia
Published: April 2021

Diabetes Militus merupakan penyakit tidak menular yang jumlahnya terus meningkat dari tahun ketahun. Salah satu kawasan dengan kejadian hipertensi dan diabetes yang tinggi adalah penduduk Pondok Ranggon Jakarta Timur. Dimana dalam penatalsanaannya hanya diberikan obat oleh pihak puskesmas. Untuk itu kami berencana untuk memberikan usulan program berupa kegiatan senam hipertensi dan diabetes, kegiatan ini dapat menstabilkan gula darah dan tekanan darah bagi penderiat DM dan hipertensi. Kita ketahui bahwa pemberian obat untuk penatalaksanaan hipertensi dan diabetes mempunyai efek samping yang akan dihadapi, sedangkan senam yang dilakukan secara rutin tidak akan menimbulkan efek samping apapun. Untuk itu kami, mengajak mitra 1 yaitu para kader posyandu dan mitra 2 yaitu penderita hipertensi dan penderita diabetes militus untuk melakukan suatu program yang dinamakan senam sehat. Dimana permasalahan yang terjadi adalah posyandu yang dibentuk oleh para kader dapat bermanfaat untuk meningkatkan kualitas kesehatan, terutama bagi para penderita hipertensi dan diabetes. Karena 2 masalah tersebut merupakan masalah urgent yang harus ditangani yang ada Di Pondok Ranggon Jakarta Timur, Tangerang. Kegiatan yang dilakukan adalah pemberian edukasi dan pelatihan senam kepada para kader posyandu, dan mengaplikasikan program senam kepada masyarakat yang menderita diabetes militus. Dalam pelaksanaan senam, akan dilakukan pemeriksaan kesehatan sebelum dan sesudah senam untuk melihat perubahan kadar gula darah dan tekanan darah. Selain pemberian pelatihan bagi kader, masyarakat juga diberikan penyuluhan bagaimana menjaga kesehatan agar tetap stabil tekanan darah dan gula darahnya. Target dari pengabdian ini adalah meningkatkan kualifikasi para kader dalam menjaga kesehatan masyarakat dengan adanya pelatihan dan dalam memanajemen suatu kegiatan agar berjalan secara kontinue, dan juga meningkatkan kualitas hidup dari penderita diabetes militus dan hipertensi dengan stabilnya tekanan darah dan gula darah. Selain itu dapat memberikan peningkatan pengetahuan bagi mitra dalam menjaga kesehatan dan menghadapi permasalahan yang ada.Luaran hasil program ini akan dipublikasikan pada jurnal nasional dan prosiding internasional dan media masa. Kata kunci: diabetes militus, senam, lansia
MEDIA ULAR TANGGA MENINGKATKAN PENGETAHUAN DAN SIKAP TENTANG KEAMANAN MAKANAN JAJANAN ANAK SEKOLAH
Authors: Swamilaksita Prita Dhyani , Sari Ira Purnama , Ronitawati Putri
Published: April 2021

Latar Belakang: Anak sekolah belum mengerti tentang keamanan makanan jajanan, mereka membeli jajanan menurut kesukaan mereka tanpa memikirkan bahan-bahan yang terkandung didalamnya. Pemberian edukasi gizi terhadap anak sekolah membutuhkan alat bantu untuk mempermudah penyampaian materi yaitu dengan menggunakan media permainan ular tangga. Ular tangga merupakan metode pembelajaran bermain yang cocok diterapkan pada siswi SD. Tujuan: Mengetahui peningkatan pengetahuan dan sikap siswa/i kelas 4 SD tentang keamanan makanan jajanan anak sekolah. Metode: Jenis penelitian quasy experimental dengan rancangan penelitian Pretest Posttest Control Group dengan subjek sebanyak 60 responden yaitu 30 responden kelompok perlakuan dan 30 responden kelompok kontrol. Variabel yang diteliti adalah pengetahuan dan sikap pada kelompok perlakuan dan kelompok kontrol berdasarkan nilai pre-test, post-test1, dan nilai post-test2. Pengambilan data menggunakan kuesioner yang dianalisis menggunakan Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test. Hasil: Penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa ada peningkatkan pengetahuan tentang keamanan makanan jajanan anak sekolah sebesar 22,9% dari sebelum diberikan intervensi, sedangkan sikap positif siswa/i tentang keamanan makanan jajanan anak sekolah meningkat sebesar 20% setelah diberikan intervensi. Hasil uji statistik menggunakan Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test diperoleh hasil pengetahuan dan sikap p=0,000 sehingga p<0,05 yang berartiditerima, yang artinya ada peningkatan pengetahuan dan sikap yang signifikan antara pre-test, post- test 1 dan post-test 2 sehingga permainan ular tangga berpengaruh terhadap pengetahuan dan sikap tentang keamanan makanan jajanan anak sekolah. Permainan ular tangga dapat meningkatkan pengetahuan dan sikap tentang keamanan makanan jajanan anak sekolah serta metode pembelajaran dengan permainan ular tangga dapat menjadi salah satu media yang efektif untuk menyampaikan informasi pada anak sekolahdasar. Kata kunci: ular tangga, keamanan makanan, pengetahuan, sikap
AN INSIGHT ON LITERATURE AND UNDERSTANDING THE NIDANA PANCHAKA OF YUVANA PIDAKA -A LITERARY STUDY
Authors: G Sreedevi  , P Srikanth Babu  , D R Sunil Kumar
Published: April 2021

Yuvana Pidaka (Acne Vulgaris) is a most common complaint experienced during adolescence and is regarded as swabhavaja (natural phenomenon). It is an annoying problem seen in both genders during adolescence which can even decrease one’s self-esteem and confidence. In Ayurveda Yuvana Pidaka is described under Ksudra rogas, which is caused due to vitiation of Kapha, Vata doshas and Rakta dushti. It is considered as Sukra dhatu mala by Acarya Sarangadhara. If this problem is not addressed properly these Pidakas may become chronic and can leave permanent scars. So, better understanding of the Nidana, Lakshanas and Samprapthi of disease helps the physician to opt for accurate treatment. This article emphasizes on the literature available for this disease in classics and establishes a clear understanding of the Nidana Panchaka. All the formulations described in this article are from various Ayurvedic classics which were time tested and prove their efficacy even in this present era and are safe and economic.
FORMULATION AND DEVELOPMENT OF ARKA TAILA CREAM- A MODIFIED DOSAGE FORM OF ARKA TAILA
Authors: Bhupender Kumar  , Amit Kumar Sharma  , Reetesh Ramnani  , Subhash Yadav  , Sakhitha K.S  , K.Shankar Rao
Published: April 2021

Skin diseases comprise a large proportion of patients approaching clinics and hospitals. Arka taila is an Ayurvedic preparation for Kandu (itching), Pama (scabies), Vicharchika (eczema). It is mentioned in various classical books of Ayurveda like Sharangadhara samhita vangasena samhita etc. To make the Taila form, it was decided to convert it in to cream form without compromising on its efficacy. In the present study Arka taila was prepared by classical methods and its cream was prepared by modern parameters. Initially 3 litres of Sarshap taila was taken as raw material and yield of Arka Taila was 2.815L. 1.985kg of Arka Cream was prepared from it. The pharmaceutical process reveals that a good quality Arka Taila can be easily prepared by taking caution about various stages occurring during the Sneha-Paka and by paying attention to the Sneha-Siddhi-Lakshanas. Furthermore, preparation of a stable, effective and good consistency emulsion was formulated in the form of Arka cream.
PHARMACEUTICAL AND ANALYTICAL STUDY OF PINDA TAILA
Authors: Mohar Pal Meena  , K.Shankar Rao  , Varad Charkha
Published: April 2021

Rasashastra and Bhaishajya Kalpana is the branch in Ayurveda which deals with herbal and herbo-mineral drugs. The specialized branch which deals with identification, collection, processing, compounding and dispensing of Ayurvedic drugs is called as Bhaishajya Kalpana. Ayurvedic Dosage forms are exclusive in their pharmaceutics and therapeutics. Sneha Kalpana can be defined as pharmaceutics of medicated Taila and Ghee. These drugs treat a very wide range of diseases among patients of all age groups. In the context of Sneha Kalpana, Taila and Ghrita are supposed to undergo the process called Murchchhana Samskar through which better therapeutic value can be incorporated into the raw material which enhances its absorption into the biological systems. The Taila acts not only as a base or vehicle but also as a class 1 preservative. Pinda Taila was prepared using the ingredients Manjishtha, Sariva, Rala, Madhuchchhishta and Tila Taila. An attempt was made to validate the pharmaceutical preparation of Pinda Taila. It was prepared according to the norms of Ayurvedic classical texts. In the present study, detailed pharmaceutical processes and physicochemical evaluation of Pinda Taila were carried out. The physicochemical parameters included Specific gravity which was found to be 0.9627, Refractive index 1.488, Iodine value 5.88, Acid value 0.15, Saponification value 233.31, and Peroxide value 7.55. HPTLC evaluation showed variable numbers of spots when visualized in all three wavelengths. However, the chemical constituent could not be identified in the absence of a standard marker compound.
MEDICINAL IMPORTANCE OF MOLLUGO VERTICILLATA (MOLLUGINACEAE): A REVIEW
Authors: Gandepalli Pratap Kumar  , Nusrathulla Shariff
Published: April 2021

Over the years, the world has become common to pandemic diseases in humans with lot of ailments and untreated infectious disorders. Most of the laboratories across the globe run in with under developed vaccines and drugs for many diseases for its procurement and prevention. But the bioavailability of the drug in the market is less reached due to high cost and etc. In the current situation, plant saps and its extracts are used to counteract with the pathogens based on the information in traditional medicine. Most of the phytochemical enriched herb, weed or plants available commonly are used for treatments of various diseases. One of the herbs found is Mollugo verticillata (commonly known as ‘green carpet weed’). It is commonly used in treating fever, aches and other various ailments and it shows promising activity in pharmacological properties due to the presence of phytoconstituents like terpenoids, saponins and flavonoids. Finally, the plant extract has enormous medicinal importance. This review is a collection of overall research work on Mollugo verticillata plant and their medicinal compounds present.