bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Numerical Study of Single-Phase Heat Transfer Performance of a Mini/Micro-Channel Integrated With Multiple Bypass Micro-Nozzles
Authors: Loganathan Raamkumar , Gedupudi Sateesh
Published: December 2020

Surface temperature uniformity is an important factor in the thermal management of electronics. The present numerical study investigates the influence of multiple bypass injections on the wall temperature distribution of a single-phase mini/micro-channel. The proposed scheme consists of sending a fraction of the coolant through the inlet of a 0.6 mm deep, 2.5 mm wide, and 25 mm long channel and injecting the remaining coolant through multiple bypass inlets on top of the channel positioned at different axial locations. The study explores four different configurations: the first one being three equispaced bypass micro-nozzles or bypass inlets of uniform diameter (1 mm), the second one being three equispaced bypass micro-nozzles of varying diameter (2 mm, 1 mm, and 0.5 mm), the third one being five equispaced bypass micro-nozzles of varying diameter (2 mm, 1 mm, 0.5 mm, 0.25 mm, and 0.125 mm), and the fourth one being five bypass micro-nozzles, but with three equispaced bypass inlets of varying diameter (2 mm, 1 mm, and 0.5 mm), and the last two bypass inlets of the same diameter as that of the third inlet (0.5 mm). Water is considered as the coolant in the study and the simulations are carried out for two mass fluxes of 465 kg/m2s and 930 kg/m2s and two heat fluxes of 25 kW/m2 and 125 kW/m2. The thermal performance of the channel is evaluated for bypass percentages of 25%, 50%, and 75%, with the Reynolds number varying from 150 to 900 at the primary channel inlet and at the secondary channel inlet, and the range of the nozzle Reynolds number varying from 10 to 707. The fourth configuration results in a near uniform wall temperature distribution, with 82–89% reduction in the wall temperature nonuniformity compared with the no-bypass case. The reductions for the third, second and first configurations are 65–71%, 53–76%, and 54–74%, respectively. The third configuration results in an average heat transfer coefficient enhancement of up to 49%. On the whole, the improvement in the wall temperature uniformity is higher than the increase in the pressure drop, and the increase in the channel heat transfer coefficient is higher than pressure drop for some cases.
FORMER REFUGEES' THERAPEUTIC LANDSCAPES IN DUNEDIN, NEW ZEALAND
Authors: Eyles Olivia Sage Swain , Ergler Christina Rebekka
Published: December 2020

During resettlement in a new environment Former Refugees often face challenges for their physical, social and mental health and wellbeing such as past trauma, language and cultural differences. This article uses the therapeutic landscapes concept to explore how the physical, symbolic and social aspects of outdoor places in Dunedin, New Zealand, such as the beach and urban green spaces contribute to former refugees’ wellbeing during the resettlement process. 15 former Syrian refugees (from 4 families) participated in group interviews and at times shared photographs to illustrate what outdoor places they enjoyed and were therapeutic for them. This article argues that participants had diverse therapeutic landscapes that ranged from pristine scenic spots to everyday places such as the local park, but to enjoy and utilise the therapeutic values of these places more attention needs to be paid to access barriers.
NARRATIVES OF NAVIGATION: Refugee-Background Women's Higher Education Journeys in Bangladesh and New Zealand
Authors: Anderson Vivienne Ruth , Cone Tiffany , Inoue Naoko , Rafferty Rachel
Published: December 2020

Navigating higher education (HE) is a complex exercise for many students, including those from refugee backgrounds. Internationally, only a very small percentage of refugee-background students access HE. In a 2018 study, we explored 37 women students’ narrative accounts of international study in Bangladesh and New Zealand. Our participants included 10 women from refugee backgrounds. Theoretically, our research was a response to calls from critical scholars to consider the different circumstances that shape students’ international study, and the ethical and pedagogical implications of these for ‘host’ institutions. In this article, we explore the refugee-background women’s accounts of accessing, navigating, and thinking beyond HE, and their thoughts on factors that support refugee-background students’ success in HE. We argue for the need to: reject ‘grand narratives’ in relation to refugee-background students; acknowledge students’ ‘necessary skillfulness’ while supporting their capacity to navigate HE; and recognise refugee-background students’ commitments and influence beyond HE institutions.
FORMER REFUGEE VOICE: 'WHAT'S WELL BEGUN IS HALF DONE': Some Challenges Faced During the First Year of Syrian Former Refugees' Resettlement
Authors: Anonymous Anon
Published: December 2020

n/a
Afterword
Authors: Phipps Alison
Published: December 2020

N/A
Neuromorphic computing: From devices to integrated circuits
Authors: Saxena Vishal
Published: December 2020

A variety of nonvolatile memory (NVM) devices including the resistive Random Access Memory (RRAM) are currently being investigated for implementing energy-efficient hardware for deep learning and artificial intelligence at the edge. RRAM devices are employed in the form of dense crosspoint or crossbar arrays. In order to exploit the high-density and low-power operation of these devices, circuit designers need to accommodate their nonideal behavior and consider their impact on circuit design and algorithm performance. Hybrid integration of RRAMs with standard CMOS technology is spurring the development of large-scale neuromorphic system-on-a-chip. This review article provides an overview of neuromorphic integrated circuits (ICs) using hybrid CMOS-RRAM integration with an emphasis on spiking neural networks (SNNs), device nonidealities, their associated circuit design challenges, and potential strategies for their mitigation. An overview of various SNN learning algorithms and their codevelopment with devices and circuits is discussed. Finally, a comparison of NVM-based fully integrated neuromorphic ICs is presented along with a discussion on their future evolution.
Effectiveness of the Fun for Wellness Online Behavioral Intervention to Promote Well-Being Actions in Adults With Obesity or Overweight: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Lee Seungmin , McMahon Adam , Prilleltensky Isaac , Myers Nicholas D. , Dietz Samantha , Prilleltensky Ora , Pfeiffer Karin A. , Bateman André G. , Brincks Ahnalee M.
Published: December 2020

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of the Fun For Wellness (FFW) online intervention to increase well-being actions in adults with obesity in the United States in relatively uncontrolled settings. The FFW intervention is guided by self-efficacy theory. The study design was a large-scale, prospective, double-blind, and parallel-group randomized controlled trial. Data collection occurred at baseline, 30 days after baseline, and 60 days after baseline. Participants (N = 667) who were assigned to the FFW group (nFFW = 331) were provided with 30 days of 24-hr access to FFW. Supportive evidence was provided for the effectiveness of FFW in real-world settings to promote, either directly or indirectly, three dimensions of well-being actions: community, occupational, and psychological. This study shows that theory-based intervention may be effective in promoting well-being actions in adults with obesity in the United States.
Competing magnetic phases and fluctuation-driven scalar spin chirality in the kagome metal YMn
6
Sn
6
Authors: Ghimire Nirmal J. , Dally Rebecca L. , Poudel L. , Jones D. C. , Michel D. , Magar N. Thapa , Bleuel M. , McGuire Michael A. , Jiang J. S. , Mitchell J. F. , Lynn Jeffrey W. , Mazin I. I.
Published: December 2020

A previously unknown magnetic fluctuation origin is identified for the topological Hall effect in the kagome YMn
6
Sn
6
system.
Blastomyces dermatitidis Environmental Prevalence in Minnesota: Analysis and Modeling Using Soil Collected at Basal and Outbreak Sites
Authors: Jackson Katrina M. , Pelletier Keith C. , Scheftel Joni , Kerkaert Joshua D. , Robinson Serina L. , McDonald Tami , Bender Jeff B. , Knight Joseph F. , Ireland Malia , Nielsen Kirsten
Published: December 2020

Upon inhalation of spores from the fungus
Blastomyces dermatitidis
from the environment, humans and animals can develop the disease blastomycosis. Based on disease epidemiology,
B. dermatitidis
is known to be endemic in the United States and Canada around the Great Lakes and in the Ohio and Mississippi River Valleys but is starting to emerge in other areas.
B. dermatitidis
is extremely difficult to culture from the environment, so little is known about the environmental reservoirs for this pathogen.
Plant-Scale Validation of Physical Heat Treatment of Poultry Litter Composts Using Surrogate and Indicator Microorganisms for
Salmonella
Authors: Wang Hongye , Chen Zhao , Dharmasena Muthu , Greene Annel K. , Gardener Brian McSpadden , Holden Blaize , Jiang Xiuping
Published: December 2020

Poultry litter compost, commonly used as a biological soil amendment, is subjected to a physical heat treatment in the industry setting to reduce pathogenic bacteria such as
Salmonella
and produce a dry product. According to the FDA Food Safety Modernization Act (FSMA) produce safety rule, the thermal process for poultry litter compost should be scientifically validated to satisfy the microbial standard requirement.
The Organosulfur Compound Dimethylsulfoniopropionate (DMSP) Is Utilized as an Osmoprotectant by
Vibrio
Species
Authors: Gregory Gwendolyn J. , Boas Katherine E. , Boyd E. Fidelma
Published: December 2020

DMSP is present in the marine environment, produced in large quantities by marine phytoplankton as an osmoprotectant, and is an important component of the global geochemical sulfur cycle. This algal osmolyte has not been previously investigated for its role in marine heterotrophic bacterial osmotic stress response.
Vibrionaceae
species are marine species, many of which are halophiles exemplified by
V. parahaemolyticus
, a species that possesses at least six transporters for the uptake of osmolytes.
Evolution of Diverse Effective N
2
-Fixing Microsymbionts of Cicer arietinum following Horizontal Transfer of the Mesorhizobium ciceri CC1192 Symbiosis Integrative and Conjugative Element
Authors: Hill Yvette , Colombi Elena , Bonello Emma , Haskett Timothy , Ramsay Joshua , O’Hara Graham , Terpolilli Jason
Published: December 2020

Symbiotic N
2
fixation is a key component of sustainable agriculture, and in many parts of the world legumes are inoculated with highly efficient strains of rhizobia to maximize fixed N
2
inputs into farming systems. Symbiosis genes for
Mesorhizobium
spp. are often carried chromosomally within mobile gene clusters called ICEs.
A Viability Quantitative PCR Dilemma: Are Longer Amplicons Better?
Authors: Van Holm Wannes , Ghesquière Justien , Boon Nico , Verspecht Tim , Bernaerts Kristel , Zayed Naiera , Chatzigiannidou Ioanna , Teughels Wim
Published: December 2020

Viability quantitative PCR (v-qPCR) has evolved into a valuable, mainstream technique for determining the number of viable microorganisms in samples by qPCR. Amplicon length is known to be positively correlated with the ability to distinguish between live and dead bacteria but is negatively correlated with qPCR efficiency.
Formate-Dependent Heterodisulfide Reduction in aMethanomicrobialesArchaeon
Authors: Abdul Halim Mohd Farid , Day Leslie A. , Costa Kyle C.
Published: December 2020

Methanogens from the orderMethanomicrobialesare thought to prefer H2as an electron donor for growth. They are ubiquitous in anaerobic environments, such as in wastewater treatment facilities, anaerobic digesters, and the rumen, where they catalyze the terminal steps in the breakdown of organic matter.
The Conserved Translation Factor LepA Is Required for Optimal Synthesis of a Porin Family in Mycobacterium smegmatis
Authors: Fishbein Skye R. S. , Tomasi Francesca G. , Wolf Ian D. , Dulberger Charles L. , Wang Albert , Keshishian Hasmik , Wallace Luke , Carr Steven A. , Ioerger Thomas R. , Rego E. Hesper , Rubin Eric J.
Published: December 2020

The mycobacterial cell wall is a promising target for new antibiotics due to the abundance of important membrane-associated proteins. Defining mechanisms of synthesis of the membrane proteome will be critical to uncovering and validating drug targets.
Fowl Adenovirus Serotype 4 Induces Hepatic Steatosis via Activation of Liver X Receptor-α
Authors: Yuan Feng , Hou Lei , Wei Li , Quan Rong , Wang Jing , Liu Hao , Liu Jue
Published: December 2020

Fowl adenovirus serotype 4 (FAdV-4) is an important hepatotropic adenovirus in chicken, but the underlying mechanism of FAdV-4-induced hepatic injury remains unclear. We report here that infection with FAdV-4 induced the accumulation of oil droplets (triglycerides) in the cytoplasm of hepatocytes, a typical indicator of steatosis, in the livers of chickens.
Environmental Consortium Containing
Pseudomonas
and
Bacillus
Species Synergistically Degrades Polyethylene Terephthalate Plastic
Authors: Roberts Cameron , Edwards Sabrina , Vague Morgan , León-Zayas Rosa , Scheffer Henry , Chan Gayle , Swartz Natasja A. , Mellies Jay L.
Published: December 2020

While several research groups are utilizing purified enzymes to break down postconsumer PET to the monomers TPA and ethylene glycol to produce new PET products, here, we present a group of five soil bacteria in culture that are able to partially degrade this polymer. To date, mixed
Pseudomonas
spp. and
Bacillus
spp. biodegradation of PET has not been described, and this work highlights the possibility of using bacterial consortia to biodegrade or potentially to biorecycle PET plastic waste.
Identification of a Chromosomal Integrated DNA Fragment Containing the
rmpA2
and
iucABCDiutA
Virulence Genes in Klebsiella pneumoniae
Authors: Yang Xuemei , Ye Lianwei , Li Yi , Chan Edward Wai-Chi , Zhang Rong , Chen Sheng
Published: December 2020

This study reported for the first time and characterized in detail the genetic features of a mobile virulence-encoding fragment located in the chromosome of a clinical virulent
K. pneumoniae
strain and revealed the occurrence of a transposition event mediated by IS
26
. This genetic structure could mediate the transposition of the virulence-encoding fragment into various plasmid backbones and chromosomes through formation of a circular intermediate.
Supplemental Material: Contribution of an Eastern Indochina-derived fragment to the formation of island arc systems in the Philippine Mobile Belt
Authors: Gong Lin , Chen Huayong
Published: December 2020

Figures S1–S7 and Table S1–S5.
Peer-assisted learning in simulation-based medical education: a mixed-methods exploratory study
Authors: Nunnink Leo , Thompson Andrea , Alsaba Nemat , Brazil Victoria
Published: December 2020

Introduction

Peer-assisted learning (PAL) is well described in medical education but there has been little research on its application in simulation-based education (SBE). This exploratory study aimed to determine the perceptions of senior medical students at two universities to teaching and learning in SBE using PAL (PAL-SBE).

Methods

Ninety-seven medical students at two universities working in small groups with facilitator oversight wrote, ran and debriefed a simulation scenario for their peers.

This was a mixed-methods study. Participants completed a written free-text and Likert survey instrument, and participated in a facilitated focus group immediately after the scenario. Thematic analysis was performed on the free-text and focus group transcripts.

Results

Student-led scenarios ran without major technical issues. Instructor presence was required throughout scenario delivery and debrief, making the exercise resource intensive. Participant responses were more positive regarding learning as peer teachers in simulation than they were regarding participation as a peer learner. Five themes were identified: learning in the simulated environment; teaching in the simulated environment; teaching peers and taking on an educator role; learning from peers; and time and effort expended. Perceived benefits included learning in depth through scenario writing, improved knowledge retention, understanding the patient’s perspective and learning to give feedback through debriefing.

Conclusion

PAL in SBE is feasible and was perceived positively by students. Perceived benefits appear to be greater for the peer teachers than for peer learners.
Bintrafusp alfa, a bifunctional fusion protein targeting TGF-β and PD-L1, in patients with human papillomavirus-associated malignancies
Authors: Strauss Julius , Gatti-Mays Margaret E , Cho Byoung Chul , Hill Andrew , Salas Sébastien , McClay Edward , Redman Jason M , Sater Houssein A , Donahue Renee N , Jochems Caroline , Lamping Elizabeth , Burmeister Andrea , Marté Jennifer L , Cordes Lisa M , Bilusic Marijo , Karzai Fatima , Ojalvo Laureen S , Jehl Genevieve , Rolfe P Alexander , Hinrichs Christian S , Madan Ravi A , Schlom Jeffrey , Gulley James L
Published: December 2020

Background

Bintrafusp alfa is a first-in-class bifunctional fusion protein composed of the extracellular domain of transforming growth factor (TGF)-βRII (a TGF-β ‘trap’) fused to a human IgG1 mAb blocking programmed cell death ligand 1. This is the largest analysis of patients with advanced, pretreated human papillomavirus (HPV)-associated malignancies treated with bintrafusp alfa.

Methods

In these phase 1 (NCT02517398) and phase 2 trials (NCT03427411), 59 patients with advanced, pretreated, checkpoint inhibitor-naive HPV-associated cancers received bintrafusp alfa intravenously every 2 weeks until progressive disease, unacceptable toxicity, or withdrawal. Primary endpoint was best overall response per Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors (RECIST) V.1.1; other endpoints included safety.

Results

As of April 17, 2019 (phase 1), and October 4, 2019 (phase 2), the confirmed objective response rate per RECIST V.1.1 in the checkpoint inhibitor-naive, full-analysis population was 30.5% (95% CI, 19.2% to 43.9%; five complete responses); eight patients had stable disease (disease control rate, 44.1% (95% CI, 31.2% to 57.6%)). In addition, three patients experienced a delayed partial response after initial disease progression, for a total clinical response rate of 35.6% (95% CI, 23.6% to 49.1%). An additional patient with vulvar cancer had an unconfirmed response. Forty-nine patients (83.1%) experienced treatment-related adverse events, which were grade 3/4 in 16 patients (27.1%). No treatment-related deaths occurred.

Conclusion

Bintrafusp alfa showed clinical activity and manageable safety and is a promising treatment in HPV-associated cancers. These findings support further investigation of bintrafusp alfa in patients with advanced, pretreated HPV-associated cancers.
Functional electrical stimulation in-bed cycle ergometry in mechanically ventilated patients: a multicentre randomised controlled trial
Authors: Berney Sue , Hopkins Ramona O , Rose Joleen Wyn , Koopman Rene , Puthucheary Zudin , Pastva Amy , Gordon Ian , Colantuoni Elizabeth , Parry Selina M , Needham Dale M , Denehy Linda
Published: December 2020

Purpose

To investigate the effect of functional electrical stimulation-assisted cycle ergometry (FES-cycling) on muscle strength, cognitive impairment and related outcomes.

Methods

Mechanically ventilated patients aged ≥18 years with sepsis or systemic inflammatory response syndrome were randomised to either 60 min of FES-cycling
>
5 days/week while in the intensive care unit (ICU) plus usual care rehabilitation versus usual care rehabilitation alone, with evaluation of two primary outcomes: (1) muscle strength at hospital discharge and (2) cognitive impairment at 6-month follow-up.

Results

We enrolled 162 participants, across four study sites experienced in ICU rehabilitation in Australia and the USA, to FES-cycling (n=80; mean age±SD 59±15) versus control (n=82; 56±14). Intervention participants received a median (IQR) of 5 (3–9) FES-cycling sessions with duration of 56 (34–63) min/day plus 15 (10–23) min/day of usual care rehabilitation. The control group received 15 (8–15) min/day of usual care rehabilitation. In the intervention versus control group, there was no significant differences for muscle strength at hospital discharge (mean difference (95% CI) 3.3 (−5.0 to 12.1) Nm), prevalence of cognitive impairment at 6 months (OR 1.1 (95% CI 0.30 to 3.8)) or secondary outcomes measured in-hospital and at 6 and 12 months follow-up.

Conclusion

In this randomised controlled trial, undertaken at four centres with established rehabilitation programmes, the addition of FES-cycling to usual care rehabilitation did not substantially increase muscle strength at hospital discharge. At 6 months, the incidence of cognitive impairment was almost identical between groups, but potential benefit or harm of the intervention on cognition cannot be excluded due to imprecision of the estimated effect.

Trial registration number

ACTRN 12612000528853,
NCT02214823
.
Triangle singularity as the origin of $$X_0(2900)$$ and $$X_1(2900)$$ observed in $$B^+\rightarrow D^+ D^- K^+$$
Authors: Liu Xiao-Hai , Yan Mao-Jun , Ke Hong-Wei , Li Gang , Xie Ju-Jun
Published: December 2020

The LHCb collaboration recently reported the observation of a narrow peak in the $$D^- K^+$$

D
-

K
+

invariant mass distributions from the $$B^+\rightarrow D^+ D^- K^+$$

B
+

→

D
+

D
-

K
+

decay. The peak is parameterized in terms of two resonances $$X_0(2900)$$

X
0

(
2900
)

and $$X_1(2900)$$

X
1

(
2900
)

with the quark contents $${\bar{c}}{\bar{s}}ud$$

c

¯

s

¯

u
d

, and their spin-parity quantum numbers are $$0^+$$

0
+

and $$1^-$$

1
-

, respectively. We investigate the rescattering processes which may contribute to the $$B^+\rightarrow D^+ D^- K^+$$

B
+

→

D
+

D
-

K
+

decays. It is shown that the $$D^{*-}K^{*+}$$

D

∗
-

K

∗
+

rescattering via the $$\chi _{c1}K^{*+}D^{*-}$$

χ

c
1

K

∗
+

D

∗
-

loop and the $${\bar{D}}_{1}^{0}K^{0}$$

D

¯

1

0

K
0

rescattering via the $$D_{sJ}^{+}{\bar{D}}_{1}^{0}K^{0}$$

D

sJ

+

D

¯

1

0

K
0

loop can simulate the $$X_0(2900)$$

X
0

(
2900
)

and $$X_1(2900)$$

X
1

(
2900
)

with consistent quantum numbers. Such phenomena are due to the analytical property of the scattering amplitudes with the triangle singularities located to the vicinity of the physical boundary.
Dynamics of COVID-19 spreading model with social media public health awareness diffusion over multiplex networks: Analysis and control
Authors: Ramamoorthi Padmavathi , Muthukrishnan Senthilkumar
Published: December 2020

Social media plays a crucial role in controlling the epidemic spreading by creating awareness. Epidemic spreading processes over the multiplex network where epidemic spreading in one layer and awareness spreading in another layer, are well suitable to study the spreading of infection in a small region. Using the Microscopic Markov chain approach (MMCA), the dynamical interplay between the spreading of epidemics over the physical contact layer and human awareness diffusion over the virtual contact layer over a multiplex network framework is analyzed. SEIR process for epidemic spreading and UAU process for awareness diffusion are assumed to study the spreading process of COVID-19. The basic-reproduction number [Formula: see text] is determined using the next generation matrix approach. The stability of disease-free equilibrium (DFE) and endemic equilibrium (EE) is analyzed. Using Pontryagins Minimum Principle, optimal parametric values are determined analytically for testing and cleaning the virus-contaminated surfaces. The impact of various parameters over the epidemic spread is analyzed numerically. Through numerical illustrations, the effect of early identification of exposed people and immediate cleaning of virus-contaminated surfaces over [Formula: see text] studied. The sensitivity analysis is performed to show the importance of wearing face-mask, following social distancing, washing hands frequently and, avoiding unnecessary travel. Through numerical simulations, the results obtained coincide with real data of COVID-19 spreading in the city Chennai, India. The results obtained show that in order to control or discard the spreading of COVID-19, each people should follow the self-preventive measures without relaxation till the epidemic comes nearer to the disease free state.
Emerging Challenges of Japan’s Cooperative Approach to China
Authors: ETO Naoko
Published: December 2020

The administration of former Japanese Prime Minister Shinzo Abe implemented a strategy understood as a “dual approach” that proactively promotes economic cooperation with China. What kind of economic cooperation will Abe’s successor, Yoshihide Suga, implement with China in the context of the escalating competition over security? In 2018, Japan–China Third Country Business Cooperation (TCBC) project was launched treating China as an equal partner. However, Japan and China have different concepts of “economic cooperation” under the TCBC framework, leading to discrepancies in their expectations.
Multilateral Trade Liberalization and Democracy: Does Export Product Diversification Matter?
Authors: Gnangnon Sena Kimm
Published: December 2020

This paper explores the effect of multilateral trade liberalization (MTP) on democracy, using a set of 148 countries over the period 1996–2016. In particular, it investigates whether this effect depends on countries’ level of export product concentration. The analysis shows that MTP promotes democracy only when it reaches a certain threshold. Furthermore, MTP promotes democracy in countries that enjoy a high degree of export product diversification, including away from primary products, or in those with low dependence on natural resource rents. These findings have important policy implications.
Ontology Learning from Relational Database: Opportunities for Semantic Information Integration
Authors: Ma Chuangtao , Molnár Bálint
Published: December 2020

Along with the rapidly growing scale of relational database (RDB), how to construct domain-related ontologies from various databases effectively and efficiently has been a bottleneck of the ontology-based integration. The traditional methods for constructing ontology from RDB are mainly based on the manual mapping and transformation, which not only requires a lot of human experience but also easily leads to the semantic loss during the transformation. Ontology learning from RDB is a new paradigm to (semi-)automatically construct ontologies from RDB by borrowing the techniques of machine learning, it provides potential opportunities for integrating heterogeneous data from various data sources efficiently. This paper surveys the recent methods and tools of the ontology learning from RDB, and highlights the potential opportunities and challenges of using ontology learning in semantic information integration. Initially, the previous surveys on the topic of the ontology-based integration and ontology learning were summarized, and then the limitations of previous surveys were identified and analyzed. Furthermore, the methods and techniques of ontology learning from RDB were investigated by classifying into three categories: reverse engineering, mapping, and machine learning. Accordingly, the opportunities and possibility of using ontology learning from RDB in semantic information integration were discussed based on the mapping results between the bottlenecks of ontology-based integration and the features of ontology learning. a

a This paper is an extension of our prior work [C. Ma and B. Molnár, Use of ontology learning in information system integration: A literature survey, in Intelligent Information and Database Systems, eds. P. Sitek, M. Pietranik, M. Krótkiewicz and C. Srinilta, Communications in Computer and Information Science, Vol. 1178 (Springer, Singapore, 2020), pp. 342–353]
Privacy Protection for Medical Data Sharing in Smart Healthcare
Authors: Fang Liming , Yin Changchun , Zhu Juncen , Ge Chunpeng , Tanveer M. , Jolfaei Alireza , Cao Zehong
Published: December 2020

In virtue of advances in smart networks and the cloud computing paradigm, smart healthcare is transforming. However, there are still challenges, such as storing sensitive data in untrusted and controlled infrastructure and ensuring the secure transmission of medical data, among others. The rapid development of watermarking provides opportunities for smart healthcare. In this article, we propose a new data-sharing framework and a data access control mechanism. The applications are submitted by the doctors, and the data is processed in the medical data center of the hospital, stored in semi-trusted servers to support the selective sharing of electronic medical records from different medical institutions between different doctors. Our approach ensures that privacy concerns are taken into account when processing requests for access to patients’ medical information. For accountability, after data is modified or leaked, both patients and doctors must add digital watermarks associated with their identification when uploading data. Extensive analytical and experimental results are presented that show the security and efficiency of our proposed scheme.
Fine-Grained Network Analysis for Modern Software Ecosystems
Authors: Boldi Paolo , Gousios Georgios
Published: December 2020

Modern software development is increasingly dependent on components, libraries, and frameworks coming from third-party vendors or open-source suppliers and made available through a number of platforms (or
forges
). This way of writing software puts an emphasis on reuse and on composition, commoditizing the services that modern applications require. On the other hand, bugs and vulnerabilities in a single library living in one such ecosystem can affect, directly or by transitivity, a huge number of other libraries and applications. Currently, only product-level information on library dependencies is used to contain this kind of danger, but this knowledge often reveals itself too imprecise to lead to effective (and possibly automated) handling policies. We will discuss how fine-grained function-level dependencies can greatly improve reliability and reduce the impact of vulnerabilities on the whole software ecosystem.
From individual consent to collective refusal
Authors: Zong Jonathan
Published: December 2020

Big tech companies have been found to misuse personal data, often collected without consent. What can the public do to change unjust collection and use of their personal data, and what role can computer scientists play in these efforts?
Fugaku takes the lead
Authors: Monroe Don
Published: December 2020

Japan tops the Top500 supercomputer rankings, for the moment.
Experimental Study and Numerical Analysis on the Vibration Characteristics of a Terraced Slope along an Embankment Section of a High-Speed Railway
Authors: Yan Wujian , Zheng Haizhong , Wu Zhijian , Wan Tong , Tian Xinxin
Published: December 2020

The characteristics of the vibrations induced by the passage of a high-speed train do not only depend on the train speed, axle load, and track irregularity but also depend on the properties of the foundation soil and the surrounding topography. Estimating the vibration characteristics in different terrains is therefore essential. This study investigates the characteristics of propagation and attenuation of the vibrations induced by high-speed trains in loess-terraced slopes. The influence of the soil mechanical properties on the propagation of vibrations is analyzed through a numerical simulation. Field experiments are conducted to measure the vibration induced by a high-speed train at a loess-terraced slope site in Qin’an, Gansu, China. The measured acceleration time history is analyzed in the time domain and frequency domain. The results show that, at the edge of each terrace level, the vibration in the Y direction is the strongest, followed by those in the X and Z directions. The peak ground acceleration values are amplified in all three directions at the fourth terrace level. A model describing the vehicle-roadbed-foundation-terraced slope system is established to study the influence of the elastic modulus of the soil on the vibration characteristics. A change in the elastic modulus of the foundation soil is found to have an evident influence on the horizontal and vertical vibrations in each terrace level. However, a change in the elastic modulus of the soil in a terrace only affects the vibration in that terrace and in the adjacent ones, whereas it has no effect on the vibrations in terraces located farther away. This study can provide some reference values for slope reinforcement along railways.
Source-Word Decomposition for Neural Machine Translation
Authors: Nguyen Thien , Le Hoai , Pham Van-Huy
Published: December 2020

End-to-end neural machine translation does not require us to have specialized knowledge of investigated language pairs in building an effective system. On the other hand, feature engineering proves to be vital in other artificial intelligence fields, such as speech recognition and computer vision. Inspired by works in those fields, in this paper, we propose a novel feature-based translation model by modifying the state-of-the-art transformer model. Specifically, the encoder of the modified transformer model takes input combinations of linguistic features comprising of lemma, dependency label, part-of-speech tag, and morphological label instead of source words. The experiment results for the Russian-Vietnamese language pair show that the proposed feature-based transformer model improves over the strongest baseline transformer translation model by impressive 4.83 BLEU. In addition, experiment analysis reveals that human judgment on the translation results strongly confirms machine judgment. Our model could be useful in building translation systems translating from a highly inflectional language into a noninflectional language.
Multimedia Network Public Opinion Supervision Prediction Algorithm Based on Big Data
Authors: Tong Yangfan , Sun Wei
Published: December 2020

This article focuses on the multidimensional construction of the multimedia network public opinion supervision mechanism, puts the research on the background of the era of big data, and based on the analysis and definition of the difference between network public opinion and network public opinion, deeply summarizes the network public opinion in the era of big data. New features analyze the opportunities and challenges faced by online public opinion in the era of big data. Based on the rational construction of the index system, this paper studies the multimedia network public opinion evaluation and prediction algorithm. Existing network public opinion assessment and prediction algorithms have shortcomings in capturing the characteristics of data sequences and the long-term dependence of data sequences, and the problems of overfitting and gradient disappearance may occur during training. Because of the above problems, based on the long-term and short-term memory network model, a regularized method is used to construct a multimedia network public opinion prediction model algorithm. This paper builds a multimedia network public opinion threat rating evaluation model based on the public opinion supervision prediction model and conducts analysis. The model constructed this time can not only improve the accuracy of public opinion assessment and prediction but also better avoid the problem of gradient disappearance and overfitting.
Simultaneous Detection of Ascorbic Acid, Dopamine, and Uric Acid Using a Novel Electrochemical Sensor Based on Palladium Nanoparticles/Reduced Graphene Oxide Nanocomposite
Authors: Wei Yuyun , Liu Yangyang , Xu Zhifang , Wang Shenjun , Chen Bo , Zhang Di , Fang Yuxin
Published: December 2020

A fresh strategy based on two-step electrochemical reduction for the fabrication of palladium nanoparticles/reduced oxide nanocomposite-modified glass carbon electrode (PdNPs/rGO/GCE) was established in this study. Field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) images showed that spherical PdNPs were evenly distributed on the surface of rGO-modified electrode (rGO/GCE), and the introduction of PdNPs has no effect on the morphology of rGO. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) studies revealed that the conductivity of PdNPs/rGO/GCE was higher than that of rGO/GCE and bare GCE. The electrochemical performances of PdNPs/rGO/GCE sensor were investigated by cyclic voltammetry (CV), differential pulse voltammetry (DPV), and chronoamperometry using ascorbic acid (AA), dopamine (DA), and uric acid (UA) as analytes. At the optimized conditions, wide linear ranges of 0.5–3.5 mM (R2 = 0.99), 3–15 μM (R2 = 0.99) and 15–42 μM (R2 = 0.99), and 0.3–1.4 mM (R2 = 0.99) towards AA, DA, and UA in ternary mixture were observed, respectively. In addition to superior anti-interference capability, fast response (≤5 s), excellent reproducibility, and good long-term stability were also given by this sensor. These results suggested that PdNPs/rGO/GCE is promising for the simultaneous detection of AA, DA, and UA in practical application.
Decision Support Technique Based on Spherical Fuzzy Yager Aggregation Operators and Their Application in Wind Power Plant Locations: A Case Study of Jhimpir, Pakistan
Authors: Chinram Ronnason , Ashraf Shahzaib , Abdullah Saleem , Petchkaew Pattarawan
Published: December 2020

The problem of energy crisis and environmental pollution has been mitigated by the generation and use of wind power; however, the choice of locations for wind power plants is a difficult task because the decision-making process includes political, socioeconomic, and environmental aspects. Thus, several adverse consequences have been created by the choice of suboptimal locations. The objective of this paper is to address the integrated qualitative and quantitative multicriteria decision-making framework for the selection of wind power plant locations. Spherical fuzzy sets are the latest extension of the ordinary fuzzy sets. The main characteristic of the spherical fuzzy sets is satisfying the condition that the squared sum of the positive, neutral, and negative grades must be at least zero and at most one. In this research, we establish novel operational laws based on the Yager t-norm and t-conorm under spherical fuzzy environments (SFE). Furthermore, based on these Yager operational laws, we develop list of novel aggregation operators under SFE. In addition, we design an algorithm to tackle the uncertainty to investigating the best wind power plant selection in four potential locations in Pakistan. A numerical example of wind power plant location problem is considered to show the supremacy and effectiveness of the proposed study. Also, a detailed comparison is constructed to evaluate the performance and validity of the established technique.
The Paracrine Effect of Adipose-Derived Stem Cells Orchestrates Competition between Different Damaged Dermal Fibroblasts to Repair UVB-Induced Skin Aging
Authors: Qin Feng , Huang Jiuzuo , Zhang Wenchao , Zhang Mingzi , Li Zhenjiang , Si Loubin , Long Xiao , Wang Xiaojun
Published: December 2020

Background. Human dermal fibroblasts (HDFs) are the primary cells in skin and are associated with UVB-induced skin photoaging. Adipose-derived stem cells (ASCs) have been proposed as a treatment for skin aging. The goal of this study was to investigate paracrine mechanisms by which ASCs repair HDFs damage from UVB exposure. Methods. ASCs were cocultured with UVB-irradiated and nonirradiated HDFs. We compared HDF senescence, proliferation, migration, oxidative stress, and cytokine expression. In a nude mouse UVB-induced photoaging model, ASCs were injected subcutaneously, and skin samples were collected weekly between postoperative weeks 3 through 7. Histological analysis, PCR, ELISA, and immunohistochemistry were used to analyze the effect of ASCs. Results. Compared with UVB-irradiated HDFs, nonirradiated HDFs showed higher proliferation and migration, reduced apoptosis, and fewer senescent cells when cocultured with ASCs. The expression of extracellular matrix-related cytokines was also regulated by ASCs. In addition, ASCs effectively reversed UVB-induced skin photoaging in vivo. We propose that ASCs more robustly coordinate healthy HDFs than UVB-damaged HDFs to repair aging skin. Conclusions. ASCs improved the function of both UVB-damaged and healthy HDFs through paracrine effects. However, the impact of ASCs on healthy HDFs was greater than UVB-damaged HDFs. These findings help to elucidate the underlying mechanisms of the skin rejuvenation effect of ASCs.
Fetal and Postnatal Nicotine Exposure Modifies Maturation of Gonocytes to Spermatogonia in Mice
Authors: Vigueras-Villaseñor Rosa María , Fuentes-Cano Martín Alejandro , Saldaña Margarita Chávez , Espinosa Liliana Rivera , Reynoso-Robles Rafael , Rojas Patricia , Durán Pilar , Rojas-Castañeda Julio César
Published: December 2020

Studies in laboratory animals have shown that male offspring from dams, exposed to nicotine during pregnancy and postnatal periods, show alterations in fertility, although the origin of this is still uncertain. In this study, we examined in a mouse model if the process of gonocyte maturation to spermatogonia was affected in male offspring from dams with nicotine administration during pregnancy and postnatal periods. BALB/C mice, with and without nicotine administrations in pregnancy and postnatal periods, were studied. The animals were euthanized at 3, 7, 10, 16, and 35 days postpartum (dpp). Testicular tissue samples were processed for histological, ultrastructural, and immunohistochemical studies; and testicular lipoperoxidation was determined. It was observed that in the nicotine-exposed animals, there was increased apoptosis and a reduction in the number of gonocytes that matured to spermatogonia. This gonocyte-spermatogonia maturation reduction was associated with a greater immunoreactivity to nicotinic acetylcholine receptors in the germ cells. Lipoperoxidation was similar in both groups until 16 dpp, with significant reduction at 35 dpp. Our findings suggest that nicotine intake during pregnancy and postnatal periods can affect the process of maturation of gonocytes to spermatogonia and the pool of available spermatogonia for spermatogenesis.
Tweets Classification and Sentiment Analysis for Personalized Tweets Recommendation
Authors: Khattak Asad Masood , Batool Rabia , Satti Fahad Ahmed , Hussain Jamil , Khan Wajahat Ali , Khan Adil Mehmood , Hayat Bashir
Published: December 2020

Mining social network data and developing user profile from unstructured and informal data are a challenging task. The proposed research builds user profile using Twitter data which is later helpful to provide the user with personalized recommendations. Publicly available tweets are fetched and classified and sentiments expressed in tweets are extracted and normalized. This research uses domain-specific seed list to classify tweets. Semantic and syntactic analysis on tweets is performed to minimize information loss during the process of tweets classification. After precise classification and sentiment analysis, the system builds user interest-based profile by analyzing user’s post on Twitter to know about user interests. The proposed system was tested on a dataset of almost 1 million tweets and was able to classify up to 96% tweets accurately.
Characteristics of Facial Asymmetry in Congenital Superior Oblique Palsy according to Trochlear Nerve Absence
Authors: Yang Hee Kyung , Jung Sumin , WhangBo Taeg Keun , Hwang Jeong-Min
Published: December 2020

Background/Aims. Facial asymmetry is affected by various developmental factors, and congenital superior oblique palsy (SOP) is one of the most common causes of asymmetric development of the face. The presence of facial symmetry is usually assessed subjectively, which varies with the examiner. We aimed to objectively assess facial asymmetry in patients with unilateral congenital SOP according to the presence or absence of the trochlear nerve on high-resolution magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Methods. A total of 287 consecutive patients diagnosed with congenital SOP and 82 control subjects were included. Congenital SOP patients were grouped according to the presence (present group) or absence (absent group) of the trochlear nerve using thin-section high-resolution MRI of cranial nerves. We developed a computer-aided detection (CAD) system that could automatically analyze objective indices of facial asymmetry using frontal face photographs. Results. Of the 287 patients with congenital SOP, 60% of patients had ipsilateral trochlear nerve absence and superior oblique muscle (SO) hypoplasia (absent group), while the remaining 40% had a normal SO and trochlear nerve (present group). All but one objective indices related to facial asymmetry were significantly different between congenital SOP patients and controls (allP<0.05). Among these features, the angle of nose deviation was significantly larger in the absent group compared to the present group (P<0.001). Conclusion. Objective analysis of facial asymmetry using our novel CAD system was useful for identifying distinct features of congenital SOP. Deviation of the nose was more prominent in congenital SOP patients with trochlear nerve absence.
The Utility of Pleural Fluid Lactate Dehydrogenase to Adenosine Deaminase Ratio in Pleural Tuberculosis
Authors: Beukes Amanda , Shaw Jane Alexandra , Diacon Andreas H. , Irusen Elvis M. , Koegelenberg Coenraad F.N.
Published: December 2020

In high-burden settings, the diagnosis of pleural tuberculosis (TB) is frequently inferred in patients who present with lymphocyte predominant exudative effusions and high adenosine deaminase (ADA) levels. Two recent small retrospective studies suggested that the lactate dehydrogenase (LDH)/ADA ratio is significantly lower in TB than in non-TB pleural effusions and that the LDH/ADA ratio may be useful in differentiating pleural TB from other pleural exudates. We compared the pleural LDH/ADA ratios, ADA levels, and lymphocyte predominance of a prospectively collected cohort of patients with proven pleural TB (n = 160) to those with a definitive alternative diagnosis (n = 68). The mean pleural fluid LDH/ADA ratio was lower in patients with pleural TB than alternative diagnoses (6.2 vs. 34.3, p < 0.001). The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve was 0.92 (p < 0.001) for LDH/ADA ratio and 0.88 (p < 0.001) for an ADA ≥40 U/L alone. A ratio of ≤12.5 had the best overall diagnostic efficiency, while a ratio of ≤10 had a specificity of 90% and a positive predictive value of 95%, with a sensitivity of 78%, making it a clinically useful “rule in” value for pleural TB in high incidence settings. When comparing the LDH/ADA ratio to an ADA level ≥40 U/L in the presence of a lymphocyte predominant effusion, the latter performed better. When lymphocyte values are unavailable, our data suggest that the LDH/ADA ratio is valuable in distinguishing TB effusions from other pleural exudates.