bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Self-Care and Community Care by Indian Women: Materiality and Time Use
Authors: Sen Ruchira , Rajeshwari T.S. Kavita
Published: April 2024

Self-care is an aspect of social reproduction— the basis of a sustainable economy. Every day, we produce ourselves —by brushing our teeth, bathing, and asking ourselves how we feel. As women (and other care workers) produce themselves, they are revitalized to offer care to those around them, whether at home or in the market economy. However, the market economy understands self-care in individualistic ways, imagining it as a way to brand wellness products. Poet and activist Audre Lorde (1980) critiques the market economy's understanding of self-care. Lorde presents a self-affirming idea of self-care—to take the time to understand how one's body feels versus how it looks. In this paper, we inquire —do married, working Indian women undergo self-care? We analyze data from the Time Use Survey of 2019 and inquire how much time do married working Indian women spend on i) personal care and the maintenance of their bodies, ii) leisure and iii) community care and iv) private prayer, which we define as self-care. Our study shows that married working Indian women spend 97 minutes a day on average less than married working men on self-care. Here, self-care includes sleeping, eating and personal hygiene, where the gender gap of married working population is at 45 minutes a day. We estimate the effects of demographic variables and paid and unpaid work on time spent in self-care by men and women through a simultaneous equation model. Through this, we trace the relationship between classical Indian patriarchy and the materiality of self-care.
Glycated haemoglobin: a biomarker of the life expectancy of Parkinson’s disease patients with type 2 diabetes
Authors: Dai Yinghong , Wang Zheng , Wang Yijing , Zhu Yixiao , Yi Yan , Li Meng , Peng Qiyuan , Li Jinchen , Guan Ying , Zhao Guihu , Li Bin
Published: April 2024

Type 2 diabetes (T2D) elevates Parkinson's disease (PD) risk, yet Hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) implications on PD survival are unclear. This study assessed HbA1c's influence on PD survival. PD patients from the UK Biobank were divided into T2D-PD and nonT2D-PD groups. Adjusting for age, sex, townsend deprivation index, and body mass index, Cox regression analysis revealed that T2D-PD patients with HbA1c ≥ 43.1 mmol/mol had an increased mortality risk. No significant difference in mortality rates was observed between T2D-PD patients with HbA1c < 43.1 mmol/mol and nonT2D-PD patients. HbA1c may serve as a survival biomarker for T2D-PD patients.
Degradation evolution and mechanism of sheet molding compound with variable composition exposed to acid solution environment
Authors: Li Jian , Fu Chao , Ming Ruifeng , Shi Minxian , Dong Wenhao , Guo Jiang , Guo Xingkui , Pan Duo , Zhu Xiufang , Alshammari Dalal A. , Melhi Saad , Li Mufang , Thabet Hamdy Khamees
Published: April 2024

In the present work, the sheet molding compound (SMC) composites with variable filler, resin and fiber composition were prepared to investigate the effects of composition on acid resistance of SMC composites. The water absorption of SMC composites with various compositions was measured to estimate the influence of water on mechanical properties deterioration. Hardness and flexural properties tests were performed to investigate the degradation evolution. The degradation mechanism was revealed by analyzing the change of molecule configuration and evaluating the thermal stability. A minimum reduction of the flexural strength (3.21%) was observed on the SMC composites with 11.3 wt% hollow glass microspheres (HGMs). The chemical resistance and addition amount of the fillers had significant impacts on the acid resistance of SMC composites. A great flexural property and a minor degradation of flexural strength (6.29%) and modulus (7.86%) was obtained in SMC composites with the mixed resin. The resin characteristics, molecules weight, free volume size and polar groups number, had an important impact on the water absorption and acid resistance of SMC composites. A high flexural property and minor degradation of flexural strength (5.12%) and modulus (7.66%) was observed in SMC composites with 55 wt% glass fibers (GFs). Exposed to 25 ℃, 20 wt% sulfuric acid solution for 28 days, the SMC composites exhibited a minor degradation of HGMs and GFs. In this condition, the deterioration of mechanical properties was dominated by the resin matrix plasticization and decomposition, along with the interface degradation. It can be concluded that the original defects and weak interacted regions in the composites system initiated the degradation of SMC composites, while the microstructure and composition of SMC composites dominated the degradation progress.
RETRACTED: Development and application of a rapid screening method for Rodentibacter heylii and Rodentibacter pneumotropicus in laboratory animals
Authors: Yan Huiqiong , Chen Sisi , Xing Jing , Feng Yufang , Fang Jie , Du Jiangtao , Zhou Shasang , Guo Honggang , Jin Xiaoyin , Wang Zhiyuan , Tao Junhao , Lu Lingqun , Kong Qingming , Ying Huazhong , Han Wei , Dai Fangwei
Published: April 2024

The authors have requested that this preprint be removed from Research Square.
Effects of wearing a KF94 face mask on performance, perceptual, and physiological responses during a resistance exercise
Authors: Ji Minje , Lee Dohyeon , Lee Sewon
Published: April 2024

Wearing a face mask in indoor public places including fitness centers is an effective strategy to prevent the airborne transmission of COVID-19. However, only a few studies have been performed on wearing a mask during resistance exercise (RE) which is primarily performed in indoor fitness centers. This study aimed to investigate the effects of wearing a KF94 mask on exercise volume, perceptual parameters, and physiological responses during RE. Twenty young men participated in this randomized crossover trial. Participants performed moderate-intensity (1RM 60%) RE sessions in two different conditions (KF94 mask vs. no mask). Cardiorespiratory parameters, exercise volume, rating of perceived exertion (RPE), and dyspnea were measured during RE. Blood lactate concentration, blood pressure, arterial stiffness, and perceptual parameters were measured at pre-exercise and post-exercise. Exercise volume, ventilation volume, and ventilation efficiency parameters were lower with the KF94 mask than without the mask. However, RPE and dyspnea were higher with the KF94 mask than without the mask. Central arterial stiffness at post-exercise was higher with the KF94 mask than without the mask. Therefore, wearing a KF94 mask during RE affects exercise volume, perceptual parameters, and physiological responses, suggesting coaches need to modify RE manipulation variables while wearing a KF94 mask.
Placental T2* as a measure of placental function across field strengths: Normal values from 0.55T to 3T.
Authors: Hall Megan , Verdera Jordina Aviles , Cromb Daniel , Silva Sara Neves , Rutherford Mary , Counsell Serena , Hajnal Joseph , Story Lisa , Hutter Jana
Published: April 2024

Placental MRI is increasingly implemented in clinical obstetrics and research. Functional imaging, especially T2*, has been shown to vary across gestation and in pathology. Translation into the clinical arena has been slow because of time taken to mask the region of interest and owing to differences in T2* results depending on field strength. This paper contributes methodology to remove these barriers by utilising data from 0.55, 1.5 and 3T MRI to provide a fully automated segmentation tool; determining field strength dependency of placental assessment techniques; and deriving normal ranges for T2* by gestational age but independent of field strength. T2* datasets were acquired across field strengths. Automatic quantification including fully automatic masking was achieved and tested in 270 datasets across fields. Normal curves for quantitative placental mean T2*, volume and other derived measurements were obtained in 273 fetal MRI scans and z-scores calculated. The fully automatic segmentation achieved excellent quantification results (Dice scores of 0.807 at 3T, 0.796 at 1.5T and 0.815 at 0.55T.). Similar changes were seen between placental T2* and gestational age across all three field strengths (p < 0.05). Z-scores were generated. This study provides confidence in the translatability of T2* trends across field strengths in fetal imaging.
Public Awareness and Precautionary Measures for Disease Transmission Prevention: A Microbial Evaluation of Ethiopian Paper Currency in Circulation in Arba Minch Town, SNNPR
Authors: Delisho Fitsum Dejene , Gorfu Saron Dereje , Yambo Dinka Ejeta , Yahiya Yonas Syraji
Published: April 2024

Background
Money bills are handled by the public every day, which means they can carry microorganisms that can be passed from person to person through direct contact. This study aims to assess the public awareness and evaluate the bacterial contamination on Ethiopian paper currency in circulation in Arba Minch Town, SNNPR, Ethiopia.
Methods
A cross-sectional study was conducted at the microbiology and parasitology laboratory at Arba Minch University, Ethiopia. A total of 150 Ethiopian paper currency samples were collected aseptically from different sectors in Arba Minch town for microbial analysis.
Results
The most common microorganisms isolated from the samples were gram-positive bacteria, with yeast being the least common. These microorganisms were identified as klebissela spp, E. coli, Streptococcus spp, Bacillus spp, Aspergillus spp, and Staphylococcus aureus based on their characteristics observed through phenotypic, microscopic, and biochemical analysis. The antimicrobial susceptibility patterns of Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus spp. were evaluated, and both showed higher sensitivity to Vancomycin and Tetracycline antibiotics. Similarly, Klebsiella spp showed higher sensitivity to Ciprofloxacin while exhibiting a lower sensitivity rate (6.6667%) to Ampicillin. In contrast, Ampicillin showed higher activity on the E. coli isolates. Regarding the transmission of diseases through paper currency, a significant majority of participants (79.8%) were aware of the associated risk. However, it is worth noting that more than half of the participants (53.9%) reported that they do not take any precautions after handling paper currency.
Conclusion
Overall, the study confirms that paper bills are a suitable environment for bacterial growth and could potentially contribute to infections. Therefore, it emphasizes the importance of raising awareness about the potential risks associated with mishandling paper currency in all food establishments.
Prognostic Significance of CD133 Expression in Breast Cancer: Correlation with the Nottingham Prognostic Index
Authors: rustamadji Primariadewi , wiyarta Elvan
Published: April 2024

Background
CD133 is a transmembrane protein, identified as a cancer stem cell marker, and its prognostic significance in various malignancies, including breast cancer, has been studied. This study aims to investigate the prognostic significance of CD133 expression in breast cancer and its correlation with the Nottingham Prognostic Index (NPI).
Methods
This retrospective cohort study examined specimens from female patients diagnosed with Invasive Breast Cancer (IBC). CD133 expression was evaluated using the H-score based on staining intensity. Patient data such as age, tumor dimensions, Nottingham Prognostic Index, and other clinicopathological parameters were collected. Comparative univariate analysis and correlation analysis were performed.
Results
Our study included 60 patients, with significant differences in CD133 H-score values were observed among lymphovascular invasion (LVI) patients (p < 0.001), patients with metastasis (p < 0.001), and patients with NPI (p = 0.005). There was a significant positive correlation between CD133 H-score and NPI (r: 0.31; p0.014) and also between NPI and tumor size (r: 0.66; p0.001).
Conclusion
Our findings suggest that CD133 may serve as a prognostic marker in breast cancer, with higher expression levels linked to more aggressive disease characteristics and a poorer prognosis as indicated by NPI.
Synthesis and cytotoxic evaluation of ester analogues of (-)-curine
Authors: Chokchaisiri Suwadee , Kumjun Sittisak , Thepmalee Chutamas , Rukachaisirikul Thitima
Published: April 2024

This study presents the synthesis and cytotoxic evaluation of ester analogues derived from (-)-curine, a natural compound isolated from the roots of Cissampelos pareira (Menispermaceae). The synthesis involved the preparation of mono- and di-acetylcurine, along with four other ester derivatives, through diverse chemical transformations. Structural characterization of the synthesized compounds was performed using spectroscopic techniques and high-resolution mass spectrometry. Cytotoxicity assessments were conducted across various cancer cell lines, including MCF-7, MDA-MB-231, and Huh-7, as well as non-cancerous HEK293T cells, utilizing the MTT assay. Notably, compounds 4 and 5 demonstrated significant cytotoxic activities superior to the parent compound 1 and even matched or exceeded the cytotoxic effects induced by cisplatin, a conventional chemotherapeutic agent, across all tested cancer cell lines. These findings highlight the potential of compounds 4 and 5 as promising candidates for further development as potent cytotoxic agents in cancer therapy.
Unprecedented TPE-Embedded Butterfly Bis-Crown Ether with Controllable Conformation and Supramolecular Chiroptical Property
Authors: Hu Xiao-Yu , Tian Xueqi , Zuo Minzan , Shen Yuhong , Mao Ni , Wang Kaiya , Sheng Yanshan , Velmurugan Krishnasamy , Jiao Jianmin , Niemeyer Jochen
Published: April 2024

Understanding how subtle structural differences between macrocyclic conformational isomers impact their properties and separation has garnered increasing attention in the field of supramolecular synthetic chemistry. In this work, a series of tetraphenylene (TPE)-embedded butterfly bis-crown ether macrocycles (BCE[n], n = 4-7), comprising two crown ether side rings and a TPE core, were synthesized through intramolecular McMurry coupling. Unexpectedly, the presence of flexible oligoethylene chains with varying lengths were found to influence molecular conformation via intramolecular interactions, resulting in the formation of two stabilized conformers with specific semi-rigid symmetric/asymmetric structures (sym-BCE[n] and asym-BCE[n], n = 5, 6). Moreover, it is noteworthy that neither symmetric nor asymmetric conformers are present in the more rigid BCE[4] or the more flexible BCE[7]. Interestingly, these conformers display distinct fluorescence properties and host-guest binding abilities, and only sym-BCE[5] can serve as a host for chiral polymer binding, resulting in the formation of chiral supramolecular assemblies through host-guest interaction induced chirality. Moreover, both circular dichroism (CD) and circularly polarized luminescence (CPL) signals of the obtained assemblies could be switched off by the addition of sodium ion (Na+), suggesting potential applications in the field of dynamic chiral materials.
Effect of fluidization in increasing the run-out distance of granular flows generated from different aspect ratio collapsing columns
Authors: Aravena Alvaro , Chupin Laurent , Dubois Thierry , Roche Olivier
Published: April 2024

We investigate the propagation dynamics of fluidized granular flows in a horizontal channel in order to evaluate the factors controlling the efficiency of fluidization in increasing the run-out distance of natural granular mixtures such as pyroclastic density currents. For this, we use a two-phase numerical model able to simulate dam-break experiments, which permits us to describe depth-dependent variations of flow properties and the effect of pore pressure on the rheology of the granular material. We show that the interplay between column collapse timescale and flow front velocity plays a primary role in determining the effective influence of fluidization on run-out distance. For high aspect ratio columns, collapse velocity decreases abruptly after reaching its peak, a significant portion of the collapse occurs when the flow front has travelled a long distance from the reservoir and, importantly, the decrease of basal pore pressure with time in the reservoir translates into a reduced velocity of the granular material entering into the propagation channel during final phases of collapse. Thus, at some point, the collapsing material is not able to affect significantly the flow front dynamics, in contrast to low aspect ratio collapsing columns. These results are consistent with complementary analogue experiments, which show that the granular material at the front of the deposit originates from lower levels of the collapsed column. Comparison with new experimental data also reveals that the effective pore pressure diffusion coefficient is an increasing function of column height, and can be considered as proportional to a weighted average of flow thickness during propagation. This is consistent with experiments on static defluidization columns, but had not been tested in dam-break experiments until this study. Considering this type of dependency, under our experimental and simulation conditions, the non-dimensional run-out distance presents a relative maximum for an aspect ratio between \(1\) and \(2\), and then it decreases abruptly. Our observations suggest that the effect of fluidization in increasing run-out distance is limited under conditions of sudden collapse of a volume of fluidized material with no initial velocity, such as collapsing domes. This has implications for the long-lasting debate on the influence of fluidization in the transport dynamics of natural granular flows.
IGF2-reprogrammed macrophages ameliorate the inflammatory response and protects against the neurodegenerative and neuroinflammatory process in Parkinson`s disease models.
Authors: Grunenwald Felipe , Huerta Tomas Javier , Sepulveda Denisse , Jerez Carolina , Urbina Valentina Belén , Diaz-Espinoza Rodrigo , Nova Esteban , Pacheco Rodrigo , Martín-Montañez Elisa , Gil-Rodriguez Sara , Valverde Nadia , Garcia-Fernandez María , Aguilera Carlos , Chana-Cu Pedro PhD , Vidal Rene Luis
Published: April 2024

Background: Parkinson's disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by the loss of dopaminergic neurons in the Substantia Nigra, which causes motor deficits. The most common histopathological feature of PD is the presence of α-synuclein (α-syn) misfolding protein and neurotoxic accumulations which leads to neuronal loss. Additionally, the inflammatory response arises as a relevant factor engage in modulate the neurodegeneration process in PD. An increase of proinflammatory cytokines in the blood and brain samples has been reported in PD patients. Also, peripheral blood T cells recognized α-syn, triggering a chronic inflammation in the blood and brain tissue in PD.
IGF2 signaling has been involved on cellular reprogramming of macrophages to anti-inflammatory phenotype by epigenetic changes. Moreover, recently a decrease of IGF2 levels was reported in blood samples from PD patients.
Methods: The inflammatory response was analyzed by flow cytometry, and qPCR in PBMCs from Chilean PD patients and macrophages isolated from α-syn overexpression transgenic mouse (ASO). We evaluated the motor impairment, systemic inflammation, neurodegeneration, α-syn accumulation and microglial activation in ASO mice treated via intravenous with IGF2-reprogrammed macrophages (MIGF2).
Results: We showed a significant increase of proinflammatory markers in PBMCs from PD patients. Also, IGF2 prevented the proinflammatory phenotype triggered by exposure to α-syn PFF in murine primary macrophages. Furthermore, MIGF2 treatment significant decrease the motor impairment, systemic inflammation, and reduce neurodegeneration, α-syn accumulation and microglial activation levels in Substancia Nigra brain region during disease progression in ASO mice.
Conclusions: PBMCs from Chilean PD patients showed an increase in proinflammatory profile. Additionally, MIGF2 has a neuroprotective effect in-vitro and in-vivo PD model. MIGF2 prevents motor impairment, neurodegeneration, and inflammation in the brain tissue of ASO mice in different stages of disease progression, suggesting its further application as a possible treatment for PD patients.
Development of a Machine-learning Based Diagnosis Procedure to Distinguish Aortic Dissection from Non-ST- Elevation Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Huang Min , Lin Long , Fan Xiaoxuan , Wu Yinge
Published: April 2024

Background:Similar symptoms have been observed in Non-ST elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI) and aortic dissection (AD), making diagnosis challenging. Recognizing the distinction between them is essential for prompt treatment. This study was to establish a model based on machine learning (ML) to improve diagnosis accuracy; (2) Methods: 353 individuals' clinical characteristics and laboratory results (193 AD, 160 NSTEMI) were analyzed. The Least Absolute Shrinkage and Selection Operator (LASSO) regression analysis was used to identify significant indicators. Four ML models were constructed, and the Voting algorithm was used to conduct an ensemble analysis. Decision Curve Analysis (DCA) assessed the clinical value. And collected a new validation set of 36 AD and 48 NSTEMI patients to assess the generalizability of the optimal model. Shapley Additive explanations (SHAP) was used to evaluate feature contribution; (3) Results: With an accuracy of 92%, recall of 94%, F1-score of 91.43%, and an AUC of 0.95 (95CI%: 0.91-0.99) on the test set, the ensemble Voting model was recognized as the optimal model. DCA provided evidence of the model's clinical value in AD prediction. The SHAP indicated that Troponin T and D-dimer were crucial predictors; (4) Conclusions: We successfully established a machine-learning based diagnosis approach for timely distinguish of AD and NSTEMI. Based on our results, the Voting model performed the best in terms of predicting efficacy. In addition, we used SHAP to provide a personalized risk assessment for the development of the prediction results. This diagnosis model may assist the emergency department to quickly avoiding misdiagnosis of AD with NSTEMI. This research involving biomedical studies on human subjects was conducted in accordance with the principles outlined in the Declaration of Helsinki. The study protocol and informed consent procedures were reviewed and approved by the Institutional Ethics Committee. The approval reference number for this study is B-2023-060.
Method and efficacy of cryoablation combined with hyperthermia for the treatment of unresectable pancreatic cancer
Authors: Wang Kaiyu , Guo Tianyu , Zheng Wenheng , Zhang Wenhui , Wang Xin , Dong Yue , Bai Jinghui , Jiao Dexin , Liu Yefu
Published: April 2024

Objective: To explore the method and short-term efficacy of cryoablation combined with hyperthermia (CCH) for patients with unresectable pancreatic cancer.
Methods: The study recruited 22 patients with unresectable pancreatic cancer diagnosed by a multidisciplinary team (MDT) at the Liaoning Cancer Hospital from February 2023 to December 2023. We explored the treatment procedure and evaluated the efficacy of the CCH therapy. The method of examination and characteristics before and after surgery were compared, and the effectiveness of open surgery versus a laparoscopic approach was evaluated.
Results: All patients underwent an MDT-centered surgery to receive CCH. Patients were categorized based on the surgery into simple CCH (n=12, 55%), CCH with bilioenterostomy (n=4, 18%), and CCH with bilioenterostomy and gastroenterostomy (n=6, 27%). The average intraoperative blood loss volume was 114.1±81.1 mL; the average number of cryoprobes used was 1.3±0.5. The average time was 11.6±2.9 min for the first CCH cycle and 12.5±5.3 min for the second cycle. The average postoperative fasting time was 3.1±0.6 days, and the average postoperative hospital stay was 9.2±2.4 days. The rate of postoperative pancreatic fistula was 9.1% (n=2), with severe complications. Pathology of the puncture biopsy tumor tissue showed malignancy in 77.3% of cases. There were no significant differences in tumor markers and CT values before and after surgery. The average maximum diameter of the tumor before and after surgery was statistically significant (P=0.001), but there was no difference in tumor volume change (P=0.67). The surgical approaches included open surgery (n=15, 68%) and laparoscopy (n=7, 32%), with only a difference in surgical categories (P=0.006). Five patients (29%) underwent genetic testing, and all had identified potentially clinically significant mutations, but none had BRCA1/2 germline mutations.
Conclusions: CCH therapy through MDT is suggested as the primary treatment approach for unresectable pancreatic cancer. This approach is applied with the aim to demonstrate high safety and low complication rate associated with CCH treatment for unresectable pancreatic cancer.
Chromatic evolution, chemical changes, and biological colonisation in the quarry fronts of the Santullán limestone massif (Cantabria, Spain): Implication for the mitigation of visual impact in mountain quarrying
Authors: Iglesias-Martínez Mario , Fernández-Suarez Jorge , Ríos Asunción , Arroyo Xabier , García-Lorenzo Mari Luz , Crespo Elena , Plet Chloe , De Andrés Pedro
Published: April 2024

This study aims to quantify the colour modifications for different time periods observed in three fronts of an active limestone quarry (Santullán, Cantabria), exposed to atmospheric conditions in 1978, 2003 and 2021. The visual impact associated with the chromatic contrast between quarry faces and rocky outcrops represents one of the main disturbances to natural environments. For this purpose, the biological colonisation contribution to the natural darkening, as well as the physico-chemical changes that take place on the front surfaces, have been evaluated by means of scanning electron microscopy in secondary and backscattered electron mode, UV-VIS spectrophotometric techniques, Raman spectroscopy and XRD and XRF analysis. The analysis showed that colour change was due mainly to biological colonisation and not to oxidative chemical reactions. While colour does not follow a direct and progressive relationship with exposure time, biological colonisation, identified as cyanobacteria and free-living fungi, shows in the older samples a clear increase in the presence of microbial communities, bioalteration and rock substrate penetration. The main visual changes seem to take place in the first years of exposure of the massif to atmospheric conditions.
Associations between organophosphate esters exposure and metabolic syndrome: Exploring the mediating role of oxidative stress and inflammation in adults
Authors: Yang Sijie , Li Yaping , Liu Ling , Wan Zhengce , Xu Qitong , Xie Chang , Song Lulu , Wang Youjie , Chen Hui , Mei Surong
Published: April 2024

Epidemiological evidence regarding the relationships of organophosphate esters (OPEs) with metabolic syndrome (MetS) and its underlying mechanism was largely unknown. This study sought to estimate the correlations of individual OPEs and their mixture with MetS risk, while also evaluating the potential mediation of oxidative stress and inflammation biomarkers. We measured urinary OPE metabolites, urinary biomarkers of oxidative stress, and serum biomarkers of inflammation among 694 adults based on a case-control design. Our findings revealed positive correlations between urinary 1-hydroxy-2-propyl bis(1-chloro-2-propyl) phosphate (BCIPHIPP) and bis(2-butoxyethyl) phosphate (BBOEP) and elevated odds of MetS risk. Bayesian kernel machine regression (BKMR) and weighted quantile sum (WQS) analyses demonstrated the overall effect of the OPE mixtures on MetS risk, with BBOEP identified as the primary contributor. Mediation analysis further revealed that the association between urinary BCIPHIPP and BBOEP and MetS risk was mediated by urinary 8-hydroxy-2-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG), with mediation proportions of 23.27% and 8.70%, respectively. In addition, serum C-reactive protein (CRP) concentration mediated the association between BBOEP and MetS risk, and the proportion of mediation was 16.32%. Our results indicated that oxidative stress and inflammation might exert a substantial influence on the correlations between OPE exposure and the risk of MetS.
Experimental data and modeling of viscosity in the quinary system NaCl+KCl+CaCl2+MgCl2+H2O
Authors: Wang Sheng , Luo Mengjie , Sun Yuzhu , Wang Congying , Song Xingfu
Published: April 2024

The viscosities of the quinary system NaCl + KCl + CaCl2 + MgCl2 + H2O and its binary subsystems are measured in the temperature range of 288.15K-308.15K. The viscosity of binary solutions of MgCl2, NaCl, and CaCl2 increases with the increase in concentration. In contrast, for the binary solution of KCl, the viscosity decreases with increasing concentration at low temperature and low concentration. The extended Jones-Dole model that incorporates higher-order term parameters is used to fit the viscosity of binary solutions, with a maximum Average Absolute Deviation (AAD) of 1.42%. By comparing the values of the Pearson correlation coefficients, it is found that MgCl2 has the most significant impact on the viscosity of the quinary system MgCl2 + KCl + NaCl + CaCl2 + H2O, while the impact of KCl is the least. The modified extended Jones-Dole model, with the introduction of parameter Gi, can accurately predict the quinary system, resulting in a maximum AAD value of 0.63%. Moreover, the Hu model is also applied to predict the viscosity of the quinary system, achieving a maximum AAD value being 1.54%. Compared to the Hu model, the modified extended Jones-Dole model performs better. The viscosity calculation models for the quinary system MgCl2 + KCl + NaCl + CaCl2 + H2O in this study contribute key parameters for the design and optimization of the potassium chloride production process.
Posture and path optimization based on stiffness performance index in robotic milling
Authors: Yuan Qiuwei , Xu Yang , Lv Xiao , Li Peibo , Zhao Yanzheng
Published: April 2024

In recent years, industrial robots (IRs) have been widely used in the field of machining. The relatively low stiffness causes the IRs to be prone to deformation during processing and reduces the machining accuracy. According to the characteristics of milling and stiffness characteristics of robot, this paper presents an optimization method for posture and path. Firstly, considering the influence of milling force and spindle gravity on the normal deformation of machining plane, the posture stiffness performance index (PSPI) is proposed. Secondly, the machining path is discretized, and the machining path stiffness performance index (MPSPI) is proposed. Then, a machining path optimization model is established by minimizing MPSPI. Finally, the experimental results of milling are discussed to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed indices. Analysing the machining parameters based on PSPI and MPSPI, it is concluded that selecting the appropriate feed direction, machining area and redundancy angles can improve machining accuracy.
Impact of serum chitotriosidase activity on tuberculosis outcome: single center study from Serbia
Authors: Adzic-Vukicevic Tatjana , Stosic Maja , Sumarac Zorica , Markovic Ognjen , Maric Dragana
Published: April 2024

Background: The aim of our study was to investigate serum chitotriosidase level in pulmonary TB, its relationship with microbiological and clinical parameters and response to treatment.
Material and methods: This retrospective single center study included 149 patients with confirmed TB disease. Serum chitotriosidase activity was measured at the beginning and the end of treatment. Factors associated with chitotriosidase activity were explored using univariate and multivariable logistic regression analysis.
Results:Out of 149 study participants 71(47.7%) were female. The mean age was 53.0 (SD=18.2). Most cases were diagnosed with TB for the first time 118(79.2), predominantly 145 (97.3%) pulmonary tuberculosis. Sputum smear was positive on Mycobacterium tuberculosis in 91 (61.1%) patients, while solid cultures in 146 (98%) patients. According to radiological finding, cavitary lesions were found in 92 (63.4%) patients. Anti TB treatment led to significant decrease in serum chitotriosidase level (<0.001). New TB treatment (OR=4.41%;95% CI=1.20-9.89), age 45-64 (OR=6.36; 95%CI0.78-52.79), cavitary (OR=3.86;95%CI=0,59-26.57) and spotted lesions (OR=4.55;95%CI=o.58-35.79) were found to be significantly associated with decrease of chitotriosidase activity.
Conclusions: Decrease of chitotriosidase activity during TB treatment indicates favorable outcome. Non sputum based diagnostic assays should be useful for starting anti TB treatment while waiting conventional culture results and treatment monitoring.
Prognostic significance of total choline on in-vivo proton MR spectroscopy for 10-year survival in patients with: hormone receptor-positive, HER2-negative early breast cancer
Authors: Kim Hyun jik , Park Heung Kyu , Chun Yong Soon , Kim Hag Jun , Baek Hyeon Man , Kim Yun Yeong
Published: April 2024

Purpose
In-vivo proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) is a non-invasive method of analyzing choline metabolism that has been used to predict breast cancer prognosis. A strong choline peak may be a surrogate for aggressive tumor biology but its clinical relevance is unclear. The present study assessed whether total choline(tCho), as measured by proton MRS, can predict survival in patients with hormone receptor(HR)-positive, HER2-negative early breast cancer.
Methods
The study cohort included 560 breast cancer patients who underwent diagnostic single-voxel proton MRS (3.0T scanner) prior to first-line surgery from March 2011 to July 2014. The relationships between tCho compound peak integral (tChoi) values and biologic subtypes were analyzed, as were the effects of tChoi on 10-year disease-free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS). The clinical significance of tChoi was also analyzed using Harrell's C-index.
Results
Of the 560 patients included in this study, 261 had HR+/HER2- breast cancer. Mean tChoi differed among patients with HR+/HER2- (15.5), triple negative (20.6), HR+/HER2+ (17.1), and HR-/HER2+ (15.0) breast cancer (p = 0.07). 10-year DFS differed significantly between HR+/HER2- with tChoi < 15 and ≥ 15 (p = 0.017), with differences differing significantly for late (5–10 years; p = 0.02) but not early (0–5 years; p = 0.323) recurrence. Cox regression analysis showed that tChoi was significantly predictive of 10-year DFS (p = 0.046, OR 2.69) and tended to be predictive of late recurrence (HR 4.36, p = 0.066). Harrell’s C-index showed that the Ki-67 index (AUC = 0.597) and lymphovascular invasion (AUC = 0.545) were also predictive of survival, with the addition of normalized tChoi improving the AUC to 0.622 (p = 0.014), indicating better predictive power.
Conclusion
A tChoi determined by in vivo MRS was predictive of prognosis in patients with HR+/HER2- early breast cancer. This parameter may serve as a valuable, non-invasive tool to predict prognosis when combined with other known prognostic factors.
A structural equation modelling to explore the determinants of mental health disorders among reproductive-aged women in Nepal: A nation-wide cross-sectional survey
Authors: Rahman Md. Ashfikur , Tohan Mortuja Mahamud , Zaman Sayeeda , Islam Md. Amirul , Rahman Md Sazedur , Howlader Md. Hasan , Kundu Satyajit
Published: April 2024

Background
Similar to other countries, reproductive-age women in Nepal frequently encounter diverse mental disorders, yet they receive inadequate screening and attention. This research seeks to address this gap by conducting a comprehensive examination of the prevalence and factors associated with mental disorders of reproductive-age women in Nepal.
Methods
This study used the nationally representative Nepal Demographic and Health Survey 2022 dataset to examine the association between mental disorders and potential confounders. Screening tools for Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD-7) and Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) were employed, and descriptive and inferential statistics, including linear regression and structural equation modeling, were utilized in the analysis.
Results
The study found that 22% of Nepalese women aged 15 to 49 reported anxiety symptoms, while 5% reported depressive symptoms. The Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) reveals that anxiety had the most significant positive effect on depression (β = 0.683, p < 0.001), followed by emotional violence (β = 0.139, p < 0.001). Marital status (β = 0.072, p < 0.001) and the presence of genital discharge (β = 0.084, p < 0.001) or ulcer (β = 0.058, p < 0.001) in the last 12 months were also associated with higher levels of depression. Conversely, self-rated health status (β=-0.121, p < 0.001) was negatively associated with depression, indicating that better-perceived health was linked to lower levels of depression.
Conclusion
Although the prevalence of anxiety symptoms is higher than that of depression, there is a positive relationship between these two. Consequently, it is crucial to address the identified factors contributing to anxiety and depression in this population group through behavioral and policy interventions to enhance the mental well-being of reproductive-age women.
Study on grinding surface quality of superalloy GH4145
Authors: zhao bintong , Gao Qi , Wang Quanzhao , Yun Dake , Sun HA
Published: April 2024

Nickl-based Superalloy GH4145 is widely used in aero-engine springs, blades, and other parts due to its excellent mechanical properties. It is a high-hardness and difficult-to-machine material. Improving the surface quality after processing has great significance for the long-term stable service of aero-engines. In this paper, Simulation models with different rake angles were established to predict the damage forms on the machined surface and subsurface on Abaqus. The effects of different process parameters on the surface quality of GH4145 were studied by using CBN grinding wheel. The influence of experimental parameters on the surface quality of GH4145 was analyzed and the related grinding mechanism was expounded. Under the scanning electron microscope (SEM) detection, the crack propagation process and the phenomenon of serious damage to the surface quality such as white layer were analyzed. The results show that the single particle prediction models with different rake angles can reflect the actual grinding situation to a large extent, and the model with the rake angle of -15° is more consistent with the detection phenomenon observed in this experiment. The surface damage forms are mainly pits, burrs, and boundary bosses caused by plastic deformation under simulation and experimental detection. The detection of the subsurface shows that in addition to the above phenomena, there are cracks and debris adhesion. The linear velocity of the grinding wheel is the main factor affecting the surface quality of the machined surface, the cutting depth is the second, and the feed rate has the least influence. The maximum roughness in the grinding experiment reaches 1.992 µm. Considering the thermal softening phenomenon of the material, the linear velocity range should be selected from 30 m/s to 35 m/s, and the feed rate and grinding depth should be selected relatively small values.
Sexual behaviours among MSM during the first COVID-19 lockdown not associated with risk of COVID-19 infection
Authors: Farnham Andrea , Frei Anja , Kopp Julia , Schori Larissa J. , Kotoun Olivia J. , Reinacher Matthias , Rasi Manuela , Puhan Milo A. , Fehr Jan S. , Hampel Benjamin
Published: April 2024

Background:
The social distancing measures associated with the COVID-19 pandemic had far reaching effects on sexual behavior worldwide. However, it remains unclear whether sexual contact with non-steady partners was a contributor to the spread of SARS-CoV-2. The aim of this study was to (i) assess whether the SARS-CoV-2 seropositivity after the first pandemic wave among people using HIV Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis (PrEP) in Zurich, Switzerland differed from that of a demographic matched population level comparison group, (ii) describe risk factors for SARS-CoV-2 seropositivity in this population, and (iii) determine whether sexual contact with non-steady partners was associated with SARS-CoV-2 seropositivity.
Methods:
The study was conducted between July 2020 and October 2020 as a nested cross-sectional study within two ongoing cohort studies, SwissPrEPared (all eligible PrEP users in Switzerland ≥18 years old) and Corona Immunitas (a series of cross-sectional and longitudinal studies measuring the SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence across Switzerland, beginning in April 2020). All SwissPrEPared participants were recruited from Checkpoint Zurich (the main PrEP clinic in Zurich). Data were collected on participants’ SARS-CoV-2 antibody status, social characteristics and behavioral data after the first wave of the corona pandemic in Switzerland, and seroprevalence was compared with a propensity score-matched sample from the general Zurich population.
Results:
Of the 218 participants enrolled, 8.7% (n=19, 95% CI: 5.5-13.5%) were seropositive for SARS-CoV-2 during the first pandemic wave, higher than that of the general male population in Zurich aged 20-65 (5.5%, 95% CI: 3.8–8.2%). Participants on average reduced their social outings, but the seronegative were more socially active before, during, and after the first lockdown period. In a logistic model, increasing mean sexual partner count was not associated with seropositivity (OR: 0.9, 95% CI: 0.8, 1.0), but increasing number of trips abroad was associated with higher seropositivity (p=0.06, OR: 1.14, 95% CI: 1.0, 1.3). The estimated risk ratio for seropositivity for the participants compared to the general Zurich population after propensity score matching was 1.5 (95% CI: 0.53, 4.0). 94% of participants reported later receiving a COVID-19 vaccination.
Discussion:
Our study suggests that COVID-19 seropositivity was slightly elevated among people taking PrEP in Zurich during the first wave of the pandemic, but that socializing and sexual activity were less important than other factors in contributing to risk.
Acupuncture and related therapy for constipation predominant irritable bowel syndrome: A network meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials
Authors: Kang Xueling , Zhang Honglin , Li Xiaying , Huang Zhansheng , Zhang Kai , Li Yuanyuan , Chai Yemao
Published: April 2024

Background: This study was aimed to compare the clinical efficacy of acupuncture and related therapies onirritable bowel syndrome with predominant constipation (IBS-C) in adults and providing guidance for clinical treatment.
Methods: PubMed, The Cochrane Library, Embase, Web of Science, CNKI, Wanfang, VIP databases were searched to obtain clinical randomized controlled trials (RCTs) on acupuncture and related therapies in the treatment of IBS-C published from establishment of the database to January 2023. The literature was evaluated for quality using the Cochrane 5.3 risk of bias assessment tool, and StataSE 15.0 and GeMTC 0.14.3 software was used fornetwork Meta-analysis (NMA).
Results: 27 studies were included eventually in the NMA, involving 7 acupuncture-related therapies.The results of NMA showed that 7 acupuncture-related therapies were more effective than western medicine. Total effective rate showed that acupoint injection combined with medicine was the most effective therapy (OR=6.33, 95% CI: 2.01, 41.74, P<0.05). The recovery rate showed that acupoint catgut embedding was the best treatment of IBS-C (OR=8.38, 95% CI: 2.65, 38.00, P<0.05). The total effective rate on follow-up showed that acupoint injection combined with medicine had the best-sustained effect.
Conclusion: Acupuncture-related therapies are more clinically effective than conventional medicine in the treatment of IBS-C. Acupoint injection combined with medicine has the best effect on both short and long-term efficiency and combination therapy may be more advantageous. However, the existing studies have limitations, and more high-quality randomized controlled trials are needed to confirm our findings.
Causal relationship between chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and respiratory tuberculosis susceptibility: A two-sample Bayesian weighted Mendelian randomization study
Authors: Aili Abulikemu , Zhang Yan , Wang Xiaomin , Wen Baofeng , Wang Junan , Cao Mingqin
Published: April 2024

Background
The causal relationship between COPD and respiratory TB is still unclear due to limited evidence from prospective studies. Therefore, the present study aimed to assess the causal relationship between COPD and respiratory TB using this two-sample Bayesian weighted Mendelian randomization (BWMR) study.
Methods The genetic instrumental variants (IVs) for COPD and respiratory TB were obtained from the IEU Open GWAS project in 2021. The inverse variance weighted (IWV) method was used as the main statistical analysis method and was supplemented with weighted median and BWMR methods. Pleiotropy was tested using the MR-PRESSO global test and MR-Egger regression. Heterogeneity was analyzed using Cochran's Q statistics. The robustness of the results was tested using the leave-one-out sensitivity analysis method.
Results In our two-sample BWMR analysis, we found that patients with COPD had a higher risk of respiratory TB based on IVW (OR = 1.259, 95% CI for OR: 1.011–1.568; p = 0.040), weighted median (OR = 1.287, 95% CI for OR: 0.981–1.688; p = 0 .069) and BWMR (OR = 1.240, 95% CI for OR: 1.013–1.518; p = 0.037). Reverse BWMR analysis showed that respiratory TB has no causal effect on COPD. We found no significant pleiotropy or heterogeneity in all selected IVs. The results were stable when removing the SNPs one by one.
Conclusion This two-sample BWMR study provided compelling evidence that individuals with COPD are at a higher risk of respiratory TB at the genetic level, while respiratory TB has no causal effect on COPD.
Ponderomotive snowplow electron acceleration with high energy tilted ultrafast laser pulses
Authors: Hunt Patrick , Wilhelm Alex , Adams Daniel , Wang Shoujun , Hollinger Reed , Shpilman Ze'ev , Anaraki Sina , Westlake Nathaniel , Schmidt David , Rocca Jorge , Durfee Charles
Published: April 2024

The application high intensity ultrafast lasers to compact plasma-based electron accelerators has recently been an extremely active area of research. Here, for the first time, we show experimentally and theoretically that carefully sculpting an intense ultrafast pulse in the spatio-temporal domain allows ponderomotive pressure to be used for direct acceleration of electron bunches from rest to relativistic energies. With subluminal group velocity and above-threshold intensity, a laser pulse can capture and accelerate electrons, pushing on them like a snowplow. Acceleration of electrons from rest requires a substantial reduction of group velocity. In this demonstration experiment, we achieve a group velocity of ∼0.6c in a tilted pulse by focusing the output of a novel asymmetric pulse compressor we developed for the petawatt-class ALEPH system at Colorado State University. This direct laser-electron approach opens a route towards exploiting optical spatio-temporal control techniques to sculpt electron beams with desired properties such as narrow energy and angular distributions. The tilted-pulse snowplow technique can be scaled from small-scale to facility-scale amplifiers to produce short electron bunches in the 10 keV−10 MeV range for applications including ultrafast electron diffraction and efficient injection into laser wakefield accelerators for acceleration beyond the GeV level.