bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Roms, Tsiganes, Nomades
Authors: Asséo Henriette
Published: May 2018

L’ambition de cette contribution ne vise aucunement à égrener la litanie convenue sur le déficit mémoriel. Elle centre son propos sur l’exercice du travail historique et sur le rôle des historiens de métier dans le traitement historiographique du génocide des Tsiganes pendant la Seconde Guerre mondiale dans les années 1945-1970, en partant d’une interrogation centrale : pour quelles raisons ont-ils si largement ignoré jusqu’à une période récente l’immense masse documentaire qu’ils avaient sous les yeux ? La NS-Zigeunerpolitik (politique tsigane nazie) a en effet pour caractéristique de relever de la haute politique, ce qui a entraîné la formation d’administrations spécialisées rattachées aux organes centraux de l’Etat. Elle aurait pu être intégrée à la réflexion générale sur la NSPolikratie (policratie nazie). Nous décrivons, à partir d’études de cas, les stratégies académiques de contournement de la documentation concernant le sort des Tsiganes, en montrant en particulier comment l’hégémonie de la Zigeunerforschung après la guerre et l’absence à Nuremberg du chef de la Kripo Arthur Nebe comme Grand Criminel ont conditionné les modèles interprétatifs des appareils de la Terreur. Nous plaidons pour le développement d’une histoire nationale et locale précise, emboîtée dans une « histoire intégrative », faute de quoi les acquis actuels seront à nouveau perdus pour la réflexion commune.
Roms, Tsiganes, Nomades
Authors: Sparing Frank
Published: May 2018

L’article donne une brève vue d’ensemble des différentes étapes de la persécution des Tsiganes en Allemagne sous le régime nazi. En partant de la politique raciale du national-socialisme, il analyse la concentration des Tsiganes qui a rendu leur déportation possible en 1940, leur recensement à la fois par la police et par le Centre de Recherche d’Hygiène Raciale ( Rassenhygienische Forschungsstelle ), ainsi que leur isolation dans la société, préalables de leur extermination. Enfin il aborde la question des réparations de l’après-guerre très restrictives en Allemagne Fédérale comme en RDA.
Roms, Tsiganes, Nomades
Authors: Georget Jean-Louis
Published: May 2018

La question de la recherche autour de l’indo-européen devient une question importante à l’orée du xix e  siècle. Elle l’est d’autant plus en Allemagne que la philologie constitue la matrice de l’identité, notamment universitaire. Les tsiganes vont entrer avec acuité dans le débat, suscitant l’émergence de théories quant à leur origine. En prenant des positions souvent idéologiques, les différents linguistes vont se prononcer sur leur provenance. Si Franz Bopp fait montre de neutralité, il n’en va pas de même pour H.M.G. Grellmann, dont l’opuscule restera un réquisitoire contre les « Bohémiens ». Les élèves de d’E. Kant J. C. Rüdiger et C. J. Kraus feront œuvre de probité dans l’appréhension du sujet. Friedrich Pott poursuivra avec constance ce travail. Avec Friedrich Max Müller, la thématique gagnera en universalité ce qu’elle perdra en scientificité, faisant définitivement entrer les tsiganes dans le champ politique.
Roms, Tsiganes, Nomades
Authors: Tauber Élisabeth , Dautrey Marianne
Published: May 2018

Le présent article entreprend de discuter les ressorts de la rationalité centre-européenne à partir de la philosophie d’Emmanuel Kant (la philosophie comme art de l’arpentage), et de les confronter à la conception du temps et de l’espace chez les Sinti d’Europe centrale. Fondée sur une compréhension anthropologique de la logique culturelle, notre contribution entend comparer la philosophie de Kant, entendue comme auto-ethnographie, à la philosophie des Sinti de Prusse et du Sud-Tyrol. Kant a eu la possibilité d’apprendre des Sinti de Prusse par le biais du philosophe empirique Christian Jakob Kraus, son collègue. Mais, ayant établi une stricte séparation entre les catégories du « populaire » et du « systématique », il lui fut impossible d’intégrer la philosophie des Sinti à sa réflexion. Si bien que tous les possibles résultats d’une fécondation réciproque entre « arpenteurs » et « nomades » sont voués à rester spéculation ethnographique.
Roms, Tsiganes, Nomades
Authors: Cuillerai Marie
Published: May 2018

La construction des catégories épistémologiques utilisées pour dénoncer la stigmatisation actuelle des populations « roms » pose la question des singularités culturelles des populations visées ; elle interroge aussi d’une manière plus générale les conditions d’une politique de la singularité. Le philosophe G. Agamben dans son livre Moyens sans fins , prend à revers la conception politique moderne qui voit dans le peuple le sujet politique par excellence. N’est-il pas au cœur d’une double impasse : une conception substantielle de la culture des peuples menant à une polarisation de la différence, et celle d’un sujet politique enté sur une citoyenneté abstraite. Notre propos est d’examiner le régime sémantique par lequel une singularité, peut trouver à s’inscrire dans une affirmation collective.
Roms, Tsiganes, Nomades
Authors: Ignatoiu-Sora Emanuela
Published: May 2018

Le 29 septembre 2010, le commissaire européen à la Justice, Viviane Reding, annonçait la décision de principe de la Commission européenne d’ouvrir une procédure d’infraction contre la France pour non respect de la législation européenne dans sa politique envers les Roms. Les réactions des institutions européennes de l’automne 2010 à l’égard des mesures prises par les autorités françaises concernant les Roms ont été jugées surprenantes par certains. Le fait même que l’UE ait pris position dans cette affaire vue surtout comme « une affaire nationale », a enflammé les esprits. Pourtant, l’intérêt des institutions européennes au sujet des Roms n’était pas nouveau. En même temps, l’affaire de l’automne 2010, elle, n’est pas restée sans échos, vu que quelques mois après, en avril 2011, la Commission adoptait une stratégie européenne visant les Roms. Le présent texte prend comme point de départ cette affaire de 2010 afin de présenter les grandes étapes menant à l’émergence d’une politique européenne pour les Roms, en vue d’identifier l’actuelle politique européenne visant les Roms et d’analyser sa signification.
Roms, Tsiganes, Nomades
Authors: Guinle-Lorinet Sylvaine
Published: May 2018

Durant l’été 2010, plusieurs évêques français protestent contre la politique menée à l’encontre des Roms, à partir d’un fait divers concernant les gens du voyage. Malgré de bonnes intentions, leur message, brouillé par des glissements sémantiques et des amalgames, n’est pas bien compris par l’opinion catholique.
Roms, Tsiganes, Nomades
Authors: Dessons Gérard
Published: May 2018

L’expression « éternels errants » utilisée pour qualifier les Tsiganes empêche de penser la question du modèle d’organisation politique d’une collectivité, posée par ces populations. En opposant radicalement une civilisation du voyage illégitime et une civilisation de la sédentarisation comme modèle idéal de la socialité, on organise un conflit entre les manières collectives et l’esprit des lois des sociétés modernes. Dans la mesure où ils sont considérés comme des errants, les Tsiganes se retrouvent intégrés au paradigme du poème, du rythme et de la folie.
Roms, Tsiganes, Nomades
Authors: Geneix Nicolas
Published: May 2018

Cet article s’efforce de confronter deux films hongrois mettant en scène des personnages de Tsiganes qu’ils considèrent avec empathie. La Pierre lancée de Sandór Sára (1968) et District ! d’Áron Gauder (2004) adoptent un ton et un style aux antipodes l’un de l’autre avec le même objectif de souligner les difficultés que peut connaître cette « minorité » marginalisée à l’époque de János Kádár, mais encore actuellement. Proposant un portrait de groupe, jouant avec les clichés et donnant la parole aux Tsiganes, ces deux films occupent une place singulière dans la cinématographie hongroise.
Roms, Tsiganes, Nomades
Authors: Horvath Kata
Published: May 2018

Cet article présente la construction discursive d’un statut social tsigane et d’identités tsiganes ambivalentes dans un contexte socio-historique donné : la Hongrie rurale post-communiste. Il examine la spécificité de cet ordre discursif qui crée des Tsiganes (individus et familles) sans construire un statut social tsigane (ethnique, racial). Comment est-ce possible ? Comment les mécanismes discursifs fonctionnent-ils dans la vie quotidienne ? Comment séparent-ils radicalement les sphères publique et privée ? Comment les personnes qui deviennent ainsi Tsiganes peuvent-ils traiter avec ces contraintes ? Comment la tsiganité publiquement cachée, réduite au silence et honteuse est-elle négociée et renégociée constamment dans la famille et dans le voisinage ? L’analyse de ces mécanismes locaux nous aide à reconstruire les ambivalences de 15-20 années de période transitoire entre le discours de l’assimilation propre au socialisme d’État et le discours racial contemporain.
Roms, Tsiganes, Nomades
Authors: Canut Cécile
Published: May 2018

À partir d’une analyse des pratiques langagières et de la circulation des discours dans le quartier « Nadejda » de Sliven (Bulgarie), cet article interroge le rôle de la langue comme label dans l’approche (multi)culturaliste actuelle vis-à-vis des Roms. Nous interrogeons, à partir d’une analyse des discours, la portée politique d’une telle articulation : en quoi les soubassements essentialistes des politiques nationalistes (un peuple, une langue, une nation) sont-ils si proches de ceux des politiques multi-culturalistes contemporaines transnationales ? Si l’origine, la pureté, l’identité, l’appartenance, etc., doivent définir une langue et une culture, dans quelle mesure l’hétérogénéité peut-elle se trouver au principe du multi-culturalisme ? Enfin, pourquoi la « défense des minorités » passe-t-elle toujours par une essentialisation des langues, des cultures et des populations ?
Roms, Tsiganes, Nomades
Authors: Reyniers Alain
Published: May 2018

L’œuvre littéraire de Jan Yoors est régulièrement louée pour ses qualités d’écriture comme pour la richesse de ses descriptions ethnographiques. L’examen de sa trame narrative permet plutôt d’y voir le récit d’une rupture difficile entre l’état d’enfant et celui d’adulte vécue par un être tiraillé entre son attrait pour des Roms et sa fidélité à ses parents. L’apport ethnographique lui-même est limité par une vision culturaliste partiale de la société tsigane.
Gestion et réparation d’image : Emmanuel Macron dans « L’Émission politique »
Authors: Sadoun-Kerber Keren
Published: May 2018

L’article cherche à tracer le processus de réparation d’image d’Emmanuel Macron pendant la campagne présidentielle de 2017 tel qu’il se met en place dans « L’Émission politique ». L’analyse se concentre sur deux attaques récurrentes : celui qui se dit le candidat de la rupture serait en fait l’héritier du président socialiste sortant François Hollande ; et, contradictoirement, il aurait des relations contestées avec le monde de la finance et serait même le représentant de cette élite. À partir d’une démarche qui, au-delà du modèle de Benoit, s’inspire de la théorie de la gestion des faces et de l’argumentation rhétorique, on explore ici les modalités de la réparation de l’image électorale dans un format interactionnel. On examine la façon dont la réparation d’image comprise comme une tentative de défendre et restaurer une image publique en butte aux attaques est gérée par le futur président dans une interaction en face à face mise en scène pour un tiers. Seront étudiées ici trois interactions se déroulant face à différents interlocuteurs : les journalistes animateurs de l’émission, un activiste, et un adversaire politique.
Une approche argumentative de la réparation d’image : Jean-Luc Mélenchon aux présidentielles de 2017
Authors: Amossy Ruth , Koren Roselyne , Saltykov Maria
Published: May 2018

La présente étude sur le discours de campagne emprunte à Benoit (2015) la notion de réparation d’image en la liant aux travaux développés sur l’ ethos et son « retravail » en AD et en théorie de l’argumentation. Dans le contexte des présidentielles de 2017, la rhétorique de réparation apparaît comme une réaction à des accusations verbales qui appellent une tentative systématique d’auto-défense et d’auto-promotion. Dans le cas de Jean-Luc Mélenchon ici étudié, trois types de procédures argumentatives occupent le devant de la scène du 18 mars au 23 avril : la dissociation apparences/réalité, la liaison de la personne et de ses actes et l’ ad hominem associé à l’appel à la peur ou à l’argument du tu quoque . L’analyse argumentative et discursive des accusations et de la réparation d’image dévoile non seulement la construction d’un modèle nouveau de présidentiable, mais aussi des raisonnements et des modes d’échange verbal en prise sur un imaginaire social.
Diferencias y similitudes en las decisiones laborales y familiares de las mujeres en España y Portugal
Authors: Legazpe Moraleja Nuria
Published: May 2018

El objetivo del presente trabajo es analizar qué factores influyen en las decisiones laborales, de convivencia en pareja y de no ser madres de las mujeres trabajadoras en España y Portugal. Para alcanzar este objetivo se ha explotado la Encuesta de la Unión Europea sobre Condiciones de Vida. La estrategia empírica ha consistido en un modelo probit trivariante, lo que permite estimar las tres variables dependientes de manera simultánea. Los resultados muestran que la edad, el país de nacimiento, el estado de salud y el año de la entrevista tienen un impacto distinto en las mujeres españolas respecto de las mujeres portuguesas.
Max Weber y la Democracia Plebiscitaria
Authors: Serrafero Mario D.
Published: May 2018

En este trabajo se desarrollan las ideas de Weber en relación a la llamada “democracia plebiscitaria”. En primer lugar, se describen sus ideas sobre la democracia parlamentaria y la democracia plebiscitaria señalando sus particularidades y diferencias. Luego se aborda específicamente la democracia plebiscitaria como un tipo de dominación carismática. En el estudio se trata tanto el análisis científico que realiza Weber sobre la democracia plebiscitaria como también su propuesta política para un momento específico de la historia de Alemania, la primera posguerra. En el trabajo se señalan los límites teóricos de la propuesta de democracia plebiscitaria desde la propia teoría de Weber. El estudio revaloriza el análisis de Weber sobre una democracia que parece tener cada vez más vigencia.
Components of Consumer Factor and Its Influence on Attitude of the Student Online Shopping Community
Authors: Kumar R.Rajendra
Published: May 2018

This research article analyzed the impact of Consumer factors like privacy, security, time saving and convenience and its impact on the attitude of consumers of online shopping. Further, the difference between the variables such as frequency of online shopping, time spent for shopping online, products often purchased during online shopping, value of money spent during shopping, mode of payment preferred and the consumer factors were also identified to ascertain the actual relationship. The research has focused on the student's community as the data set and their views on online shopping were collected through Questionnaire.
Cultural implications of filial obligation and the Asian Indian American family caregiver
Authors: Baldwin Paula K. , Pope Natalie D. , Marks Adam D.
Published: May 2018

Family caregivers in young adulthood from different racial/ethnic groups represent an understudied population. Of this group, Asian Indians are a diverse and fast-growing immigrant population in the US and present unique challenges for health care providers. To illustrate factors influencing a young family caregiver from an under-represented racial/ethnic population, we report on the case of a 33 year-old American from an Asian Indian background who was a caregiver for his father with Normal Pressure Hydrocephalus (NPH). With this case report, we illustrate that medical providers should attend to cultural norms of the family system, including family communication patterns, filial obligation, and decision-making.
Fatigue and Hepatitis C: a focus group study
Authors: Spataro Christina , Afdhal Sophie , Weinstein Ali A. , Escheik Carey , Austin Patrick , Brodie Kathryn , Gerber Lynn , Younossi Zobair M.
Published: May 2018

Fatigue is often undiagnosed by health professionals as it is still seen as a nonspecific symptom without standard evaluations and effective treatments. Fatigue is present across many different diseases and has a profound effect on the quality of life of patients. However, it is still difficult to measure because of the lack of specificity of currently used self-report instruments. Patients with chronic hepatitis C infection, (HCV), experience fatigue as one of the most debilitating symptoms. The purpose of this study was to explore the types and dimensions of fatigue experienced by patients with HCV, identify specific terms they use to describe fatigue and assess how it influences everyday activities. Sixteen individuals with HCV (56% female, aged 58.1 ± 3.7 years) participated in three focus group sessions. The focus group sessions lasted between 60 and 90 minutes and were digitally recorded via audiotapes. Recorded focus groups’ audiotapes were analyzed through thematic analyses. The analysis suggested two primary categories of fatigue experiences. These were: capacity and engagement in activity. Capacity refers specifically to an individual’s sense of how much energy they have to do life activities or their maximum ability to produce energy. The word energy is the ability to perform work and includes one’s ability to access or utilize, expend, and restore it. The phrase engagement in activity, comprised two domains: initiation (getting started or being motivated) and personal satisfaction (value of the activity). This investigation helped to identify important domains of fatigue experienced by those with HCV. The findings augment our current understanding of fatigue for this group because the domains of fatigue and the terms used to describe it are not commonly represented in the most frequently used fatigue assessments.
Tincture of time
Authors: Castelloe Erin Nissen
Published: May 2018

In this article (part two of a two-article piece), I, Erin Nissen Castelloe, meditate on long-standing frustrations originating from my personal experiences in clinical medicine. My exit from clinical medicine can most succinctly be attributed to burnout, burnout triggered by inadequate time to address my patients’ needs and complete the tasks mandated by the healthcare delivery system in which I worked. Self- and system-imposed pressures to meet my professional obligations led to chronic overwork, reduced personal time, sleep deprivation, exhaustion, and ultimately, recognition that my work situation was unsustainable. For more than ten years, I have questioned my decision to leave clinical medicine, hashing and rehashing the circumstances leading up to it. I am ready to let go of the questions that have haunted me, but I want to do so deliberately, considering them carefully before I release them. Therefore, with high hopes – to understand my past, accept it, and move boldly into my future in medicine – I searched the literature, focusing on burnout in physicians and physicians-in-training; the role of time pressures in burnout; and the value of physicians spending adequate and high-quality time with patients.
Editor's Introduction
Authors: Bartesaghi Mariaelena
Published: May 2018

Not available.
Micronucleus Assay-based Evaluation of Radiosensitivity of Lymphocytes among Inhabitants Living in High Background Radiation Area of Mamuju, West Sulawesi, Indonesia
Authors: Syaifudin Mukh , Defiyandra Vira Putri , Nurhayati Siti , Purnami Sofiati , Pudjadi Eko
Published: May 2018

Naturally occurring radiation can be found all around us and account for most of the radiation received by human beings each year. Indonesia has a region with high-dose natural radiation located in the suburb of West Sulawesi province with a dose rate up to 2800 nSv/h; however, its impact was not fully understood. The aim of this study was to evaluate the radiosensitivity of 12 peripheral blood lymphocytes of inhabitant from high background radiation area (HBRA) and 10 from normal background radiation area (NBRA) based on cytokinesis-block micronucleus (CBMN) assay after challenged with 1.5 Gy of gamma ray. The analysis of CBMN was done according to standard procedure as per IAEA guidelines, and frequency of binucleate (mitotic) cells with micronuclei (MN) was scored in around 2000 binucleate lymphocytes cells per culture in microscopic analysis. Mean MN frequency for HBRA was lower than that of NBRA (0.121 vs. 0.189) after irradiation, indicating an adaptive response in HBRA group that resulted in less radiosensitivity; however, there was no statistically significant different (P > 0.05) between these two groups. The MN number was higher in women compared to men for both HBRA (0.15 vs. 0.09) and NBRA (0.216 vs. 0.147) groups. Besides, there was no statistically significant difference (P > 0.05) in Nuclear Division Index (NDI), as measured in 500 metaphase cells with published formula, between HBRA and NBRA samples (1.24 vs. 1.21). The lower MN frequency prompts us to conclude that there is an adaptive response in the lymphocytes of inhabitants as an indicator of lower radiosensitivity to the high natural radiation exposure. Further studies using large number of samples are required to obtain more comprehensive conclusion along with the assessment of other types of radiosensitivity-related biomarkers.
Rigidity and flexibility for handlebody groups
Authors: Hensel Sebastian
Published: May 2018

We show that finite index subgroups of the handlebody group are rigid in their ambient mapping class group: any injective map of a finite index subgroup of the genus

g

handlebody group into the genus

g

mapping class group is conjugation by a mapping class group element.

On the other hand, we construct an injection of the genus

g

handlebody group into a genus

h > g

mapping class group which is not conjugate into a handlebody group.
Lorentzian manifolds with a conformal action of SL(2,R)
Authors: Pecastaing Vincent
Published: May 2018

We consider conformal actions of simple Lie groups on compact Lorentzian manifolds. Mainly motivated by the Lorentzian version of a conjecture of Lichnerowicz, we establish the alternative: Either the group acts isometrically for some metric in the conformal class, or the manifold is conformally flat – that is, everywhere locally conformally diffeomorphic to Minkowski space-time. When the group is non-compact and not locally isomorphic to SO

(1,n), n \geq 2

, we derive global conclusions, extending a theorem of [18] to some simple Lie groups of real-rank 1. This result is also a first step towards a classification of conformal groups of compact Lorentzian manifolds, analogous to a classification of their isometry groups due to Adams, Stuck and, independently, Zeghib [1, 2, 32].
Mapa de los cibermedios de España en 2018: análisis cuantitativo
Authors: Salaverría Aliaga Ramón , Martínez-Costa Pérez María del Pilar , Breiner James
Published: May 2018

A punto de cumplir su primer cuarto de siglo, los medios periodísticos digitales de España continúan con su crecimiento constante. La presente investigación presenta un mapa actualizado, a marzo de 2018, de los cibermedios periodísticos en España. Metodología: En concreto, identifica y analiza una muestra compuesta por 3.431 medios digitales, localizados gracias a una revisión de directorios especializados y al empleo de diversas estrategias de búsqueda avanzada. Se trata de la mayor muestra de publicaciones digitales de España hasta el momento. Resultados: Sobre el conjunto de medios identificado, se estudian aspectos como el estado actual de las publicaciones (activas o inactivas), número y tipo de plataformas donde se publican, tema, alcance, distribución territorial, lenguas de publicación, titularidad y modelo de financiación. Discusión y Conclusiones: El resultado es un mapa actualizado y minucioso, aunque no exhaustivo, de los cibermedios en España, que retrata estas publicaciones como un medio altamente consolidado y en expansión.
La Europa de dos velocidades reflejada en la financiación del servicio audiovisual público: un análisis basado en los presupuestos
Authors: Juanatey-Boga Óscar , Martínez-Fernández Valentín-Alejandro , Rodríguez-Castro Marta
Published: May 2018

El sistema audiovisual público (sap) europeo se enfrenta a retos de innovación, legitimidad y financiación. Este artículo analiza la evolución de la financiación de las radiotelevisiones públicas (rtvp) europeas entre 2010 y 2016, además de abordar la necesidad de legitimización y actualización de los distintos modelos de financiación vigentes en la ue. Metodología. Se han analizado los presupuestos de las rtvps en relación a habitantes, hogares y pib en ppa. Resultados. Los resultados constatan el impacto de la crisis económica en el sap. Se distinguen dos trienios con tendencias diferentes: el primero (2010-2013), marcado por la constricción presupuestaria (-4,1%), y el segundo (2013-2016) por una cierta recuperación (4%); así como fuertes diferencias entre la Europa del Norte y la del Sur. Discusión y conclusiones. Se concluye que es necesario reformular los modelos de negocio del sap, de forma que se alcance una mayor estabilidad, adecuación y legitimidad.
A Linguist’s Journey Toward Community Engaged Scholarship: Insights on Definitions, Practice and Evaluation Policies
Authors: Bateman Nicoleta
Published: May 2018

This article contributes to the current conversation surrounding the definition of community-engaged scholarship (CES) by providing critical insights from a linguist’s journey towards establishing a CES partnership with a middle school. I argue that a prescribed CES definition for all disciplines is neither possible nor desirable. CES has gained appeal in recent years because of the mutual benefits promised by the scholar–community partner collaboration. At the same time, the conversation around defining CES is ongoing, highlighting the difficulties in establishing a single definition of CES for all disciplines. In response, individual institutions have adopted their own definition in an effort to help their faculty members navigate CES and assist their efforts towards satisfying requirements for promotion and tenure. While designed to ensure rigorous scholarship and true community involvement, institutional-specific definitions can unintentionally limit a scholar’s CES options, particularly given the expectations of the tenure and promotion process. As a result, scholars in disciplines which are not well understood outside academia, such as linguistics, find themselves ill-positioned to engage in CES. And as the general public is unfamiliar with the discipline and its benefits, developing mutually beneficial partnerships with community organisations requires an extensive amount of time – more than is usually required of other disciplines engaged in CES. Furthermore, tenure and promotion timeline expectations may be incompatible with CES work for some disciplines. Two solutions are proposed to address these challenges. First, scholars in disciplines such as linguistics must utilise multiple approaches to developing partnerships, such as volunteerism, community outreach and cross-disciplinary collaboration, and be intentional in college classrooms in engaging undergraduates in activities that make the discipline relevant outside academia. Second, they must challenge current CES definitions and interpretations and advocate for policy changes to the tenure and promotion process on their individual campuses.
Exploring Community-based Research Values and Principles: Lessons Learned from a Delphi Study
Authors: Francis Jenny , Yan Miu-Chung , Gill Hartej
Published: May 2018

Community-based research (CBR) is a relatively new methodology characterised by the co-generation of knowledge. As CBR is integrated into institutional frameworks, it becomes increasingly important to understand what differentiates CBR from other research. To date, there has been no systematic study of CBR values and principles, which tend to be offered as a list of considerations that are taken as given rather than problematised. Similarly, research has not explored the ways in which understandings of CBR's underlying values differ among individual researchers compared to the broader research values of a large university. In this article, we report the findings of a Delphi study which addresses these gaps through a systematic, cross-disciplinary survey of CBR researchers at a large Canadian research university. Our findings indicate diverse and complex understandings of both the potentially political nature of CBR and the perceived values of the respondents' institution.
Community-engaged Research with Rural Latino Adolescents: Design and Implementation Strategies to Study the Social Determinants of Health
Authors: Comfort Megan , Raymond-Flesch Marissa , Auerswald Colette , McGlone Linda , Chavez Marisol , Minnis Alexandra
Published: May 2018

The health of adolescents, perhaps more than in any other period of their life, is shaped by the social determinants of health (SDH). The constellation of SDH that disadvantages a specific group’s health may also make members of that population unable or unwilling to engage in health research. To build a comprehensive body of knowledge about how SDH operate within a specific social context, researchers must design studies that take into account how various vulnerabilities and oppressions may affect people’s experiences of being recruited, interviewed and retained in a study. In 2014, we initiated a prospective cohort study with Latino youth living in the agricultural area of Salinas, California. We began this study with the understanding that it was imperative to develop methodological strategies that actively addressed potential challenges in ways that were culturally responsive, community engaged and inclusive. In this article, we describe our approach to developing best practices in four key areas: 1) building community partnerships and engagement; 2) consideration of staffing and staff support; 3) engaging youth’s perspectives; and 4) developing culturally appropriate research protocols. In our sample of 599 participants, nearly all youth identify as Latinx (94 per cent), half (49 per cent) have at least one parent employed as a farmworker, 60 per cent reside in crowded housing conditions, and 42 per cent have mothers who did not complete high school. Given these multiple vulnerabilities, we view a robust number of youth expressing interest in study participation, the willingness of their parents to permit their children to be enrolled, and the achievement of an ambitious sample target as evidence that our efforts to undertake best practices in community-engaged and inclusive research were well received.
Climatological study of the Boundary-layer air Stagnation Index for China and its relationship with air pollution
Authors: Huang Qianqian , Cai Xuhui , Wang Jian , Song Yu , Zhu Tong
Published: May 2018

Abstract. The Air Stagnation Index (ASI) is a vital meteorological measure of
the atmosphere's ability to dilute air pollutants. The original metric
adopted by the US National Climatic Data Center (NCDC) is found to be not
very suitable for China, because the decoupling between the upper and lower
atmospheric layers results in a weak link between the near-surface air
pollution and upper-air wind speed. Therefore, a new threshold for the
ASI–Boundary-layer air Stagnation Index (BSI) is proposed, consisting of
daily maximal ventilation in the atmospheric boundary layer, precipitation,
and real latent instability. In the present study, the climatological
features of the BSI are investigated. It shows that the spatial distribution
of the BSI is similar to the ASI; that is, annual mean stagnations occur most
often in the northwestern and southwestern basins, i.e., the Xinjiang and
Sichuan basins (more than 180 days), and least over plateaus, i.e., the
Qinghai–Tibet and Yunnan plateaus (less than 40 days). However, the seasonal
cycle of the BSI is changed. Stagnation days under the new metric are
observed to be maximal in winter and minimal in summer, which is positively
correlated with the air pollution index (API) during 2000–2012. The
correlations between the BSI and the concentration of fine particulate
matter (PM2.5) during January 2013 and November to December
in 2015–2017 of Beijing are also investigated. It shows that the BSI matches
the day-by-day variation of PM2.5 concentration very well and is able to
catch the haze episodes.
Synchronizing 10Be in two varved lake sediment records to IntCal13 14C during three grand solar minima
Authors: Czymzik Markus , Muscheler Raimund , Adolphi Florian , Mekhaldi Florian , Dräger Nadine , Ott Florian , Słowinski Michał , Błaszkiewicz Mirosław , Aldahan Ala , Possnert Göran , Brauer Achim
Published: May 2018

Abstract. Timescale uncertainties between paleoclimate reconstructions often inhibit studying the exact timing, spatial expression and driving mechanisms of climate variations. Detecting and aligning the globally common cosmogenic radionuclide production signal via a curve fitting method provides a tool for the quasi-continuous synchronization of paleoclimate archives. In this study, we apply this approach to synchronize 10Be records from varved sediments of Tiefer See and Lake Czechowskie covering the Maunder, Homeric and 5500 a BP grand solar minima with 14C production rates inferred from the IntCal13 calibration curve. Our analyses indicate best fits with 14C production rates when the 10Be records from Tiefer See were shifted for 8 (−12∕ + 4) (Maunder Minimum), 31 (−16∕ + 12) (Homeric Minimum) and 86 (−22∕ + 18) years (5500 a BP grand solar minimum) towards the past. The best fit between the Lake Czechowskie 10Be record for the 5500 a BP grand solar minimum and 14C production was obtained when the 10Be time series was shifted 29 (−8∕ + 7) years towards present. No significant fits were detected between the Lake Czechowskie 10Be records for the Maunder and Homeric minima and 14C production, likely due to intensified in-lake sediment resuspension since about 2800 a BP, transporting old 10Be to the coring location. Our results provide a proof of concept for facilitating 10Be in varved lake sediments as a novel synchronization tool required for investigating leads and lags of proxy responses to climate variability. However, they also point to some limitations of 10Be in these archives, mainly connected to in-lake sediment resuspension processes.
Multi-scale temporal variability in meltwater contributions in a
tropical glacierized watershed
Authors: Saberi Leila , McLaughlin Rachel T. , Ng G.-H. Crystal , La Frenierre Jeff , Wickert Andrew D. , Baraer Michel , Zhi Wei , Li Li , Mark Bryan G.
Published: May 2018

Abstract. Climate models predict amplified warming at high elevations in low latitudes, making tropical glacierized regions some of the most vulnerable hydrological systems in the world. Observations reveal decreasing streamflow due to retreating glaciers in the Andes, which hold 99 % of all tropical glaciers. However, the timescales over which meltwater contributes to streamflow and the pathways it takes – surface and subsurface – remain uncertain, hindering our ability to predict how shrinking glaciers will impact water resources. Two major contributors to this uncertainty are the sparsity of hydrologic measurements in tropical glacierized watersheds and the complication of hydrograph separation where there is year-round glacier melt. We address these challenges using a multi-method approach that employs repeat hydrochemical mixing model analysis, hydroclimatic time series analysis, and integrated watershed modeling. Each of these approaches interrogates distinct timescale relationships among meltwater, groundwater, and stream discharge. Our results challenge the commonly held conceptual model that glaciers buffer discharge variability. Instead, in a sub-humid watershed on Volcán Chimborazo, Ecuador, meltwater drives nearly all the variability in discharge (Pearson correlation coefficient of 0.89 in simulations), with glaciers contributing a broad range of 20–60 % or wider of discharge, mostly (86 %) through surface runoff on hourly timescales, but also through infiltration that increases annual groundwater contributions by nearly 20 %. We further found that rainfall may enhance melt contributions to discharge at timescales that complement melt generation, possibly explaining why minimum discharge occurred at the study site during warm but dry El Niño conditions, which typically heighten melt in the Andes. Our findings caution against extrapolations from isolated measurements: stream discharge and meltwater contributions in tropical glacierized systems can change substantially at hourly to interannual timescales, due to climatic variability and surface to subsurface flow processes.
The tidal measurements of James Cook during the voyage of theEndeavour
Authors: Woodworth Philip L. , Rowe Glen H.
Published: May 2018

Abstract. The main priority of the first of James Cook's famous voyages of discovery was the observation of the transit of Venus at Tahiti. Following that, he was ordered to embark on a search for new lands in the South Pacific Ocean. Cook had instructions to record as many aspects of the environment as possible at each place that he visited, including the character of the tide. This paper makes an assessment of the quality of Cook's tidal observations using modern knowledge of the tide, and with an assumption that no major tidal changes have taken place during the past two and half centuries. We conclude that Cook's tidal measurements were accurate in general to about 0.5 ft (15 cm) in height and 0.5 h in time. Those of his findings which are less consistent with modern insight can be explained by the short stays of the Endeavour at some places. Cook's measurements were good enough (or unique enough) to be included in global compilations of tidal information in the 18th century and were used in the 19th century in the construction of the first worldwide tidal atlases. In most cases, they support Cook's reputation as a good observer of the environment.
MULTIPLE TLS POINT CLOUD REGISTRATION BASED ON POINT PROJECTION IMAGES
Authors: Sumi T. , Date H. , Kanai S.
Published: May 2018

Abstract. In this paper, an efficient and robust registration method of multiple point clouds is proposed. In our research, we assume that point clouds are acquired by Terrestrial Laser Scanning (TLS) systems, and the scanned environments have a relatively flat base plane such as the ground or a floor. Our method is based on an existing pairwise registration method based on point projection images, which can quickly register the point clouds under the above assumptions. In the method, sliced point clouds are projected onto the base plane, and a binary image with feature points is created. The registration is done by using feature points of the images based on the sample consensus strategy. In this paper, first, we improve the efficiency of the pairwise registration method by introducing height and occlusion information to the image. Then, a validity check method of pairwise registration using space-classified images is proposed to avoid exhaustive pairwise registration in the multiple point cloud registration process. Finally, an efficient multiple point cloud registration algorithm based on progressive creation of a point cloud connectivity graph using iterative rough and precise pairwise registration and the validity check method is proposed. The effectiveness of our method is shown through its application to three datasets of outdoor environments.
INTEGRATION OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL DIGITAL MODELS AND 3D GIS: THE DOCUMENTATION OF THE MEDIEVAL BURIALS OF AMITERNUM (L’AQUILA, ITALY)
Authors: Trizio I. , Savini F. , Giannangeli A.
Published: May 2018

Abstract. This paper illustrates the results of an experimentation carried out by a multi-disciplinary research group made up of researchers from ITC-CNR of L'Aquila and of archaeologists of the University of L'Aquila. The research project carried out by the team is based on the analysis of the archaeological heritage (in particular, the documentation of some burials found in the medieval site of Amiternum, near L'Aquila). This starts from methods based on digital photogrammetric restitution, based on Structure from Motion (SfM) algorithms, and the generation of photorealistic textures in order to manage, in a 3D GIS environment, complex archaeological and anthropological data. The choice of technology to use is often determined by the specific needs of the survey, the purpose of the project, the budget and experience of the researchers, and the geometric characteristics of the assets, rather than the precision to be achieved. For the survey of the archaeological excavation of the medieval site of Amiternum, it was decided to use digital photogrammetry given that the objective was to document, with a rapid survey compatible with the times of an archaeological excavation the phases of image acquisition, processing and post processing of the site model. Furthermore, thanks to the integration of two technologies, digital photogrammetry and GIS, and the undisputed improvement in the management of 3D data by the GIS, three-dimensionality, in archeology in general, has become an indispensable component for site interpretation and for the documentation of the data.
GIS-HBIM INTEGRATION FOR THE MANAGEMENT OF HISTORICAL BUILDINGS
Authors: Vacca G. , Quaquero E. , Pili D. , Brandolini M.
Published: May 2018

Abstract. As is well known, Italy's very consistent buildings stock has become the major field for real estate investments and for the related projects and actions. It is a heritage that is often barely known and extremely complex, whose management has until now been addressed in a rather casual and uninformed manner, with unsatisfactory and sometimes disastrous outcomes. The situation is worse in the case of buildings of particular historical, artistic and architectural value so frequent within the heritage of our country. This paper shows the findings of an ongoing research which is aimed at structuring the cognitive process and assessing enhancement and re-functionalisation scenarios of our historical and architectural heritage through the use and integration of information systems such as BIM and the GIS. The work led to the development of a workflow able to integrate the contribution of the HBIM and GIS methodologies in the structuring and management of a wide range of digital data and information useful for its management. The research, focused on “La Gran Torre di Oristano, is aimed at creating the best conditions for an integrated and multidisciplinary strategy of requalification and refunctionalisation of historical and architectural heritage.
MASSIVE LINKING OF PS-INSAR DEFORMATIONS TO A NATIONAL AIRBORNE LASER POINT CLOUD
Authors: van Natijne A. L. , Lindenbergh R. C. , Hanssen R. F.
Published: May 2018

Abstract. Build on soft soil, close to sea level the Netherlands is at high risk for the effects of subsidence and deformation. Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (InSAR) is successfully used to monitor the deformation trends at millimetre level. Unfortunately the InSAR deformation trends suffer from poor geolocation estimates, limiting the ability to link deformation behaviour to objects, such as buildings, streets or bridges. A nationwide, high resolution, airborne LiDAR point cloud is available in the Netherlands. Although the position accuracy of this LiDAR point cloud is to low for deformation estimates, linking the InSAR location to the geometries outlined by the LiDAR point can improve the geolocation estimates of the InSAR trends. To our knowledge no such integration is available as of yet. In this article we outline methods to link deformation estimates to the LiDAR point cloud and give an outlook of possible improvements. As a test we link 3.1 million TerraSAR-X InSAR Persistent Scatterers to 3 billion LiDAR points, covering the city of Delft and surroundings.
OPEN PIT MINE 3D MAPPING BY TLS AND DIGITAL PHOTOGRAMMETRY: 3D MODEL UPDATE THANKS TO A SLAM BASED APPROACH
Authors: Vassena G. , Clerici A.
Published: May 2018

Abstract. The state of the art of 3D surveying technologies, if correctly applied, allows to obtain 3D coloured models of large open pit mines using different technologies as terrestrial laser scanner (TLS), with images, combined with UAV based digital photogrammetry. GNSS and/or total station are also currently used to geo reference the model. The University of Brescia has been realised a project to map in 3D an open pit mine located in Botticino, a famous location of marble extraction close to Brescia in North Italy. Terrestrial Laser Scanner 3D point clouds combined with RGB images and digital photogrammetry from UAV have been used to map a large part of the cave. By rigorous and well know procedures a 3D point cloud and mesh model have been obtained using an easy and rigorous approach. After the description of the combined mapping process, the paper describes the innovative process proposed for the daily/weekly update of the model itself. To realize this task a SLAM technology approach is described, using an innovative approach based on an innovative instrument capable to run an automatic localization process and real time on the field change detection analysis.
FOCUSING ON OUT-OF-FOCUS: ASSESSING DEFOCUS ESTIMATION ALGORITHMS FOR THE BENEFIT OF AUTOMATED IMAGE MASKING
Authors: Verhoeven G. J.
Published: May 2018

Abstract. Acquiring photographs as input for an image-based modelling pipeline is less trivial than often assumed. Photographs should be correctly exposed, cover the subject sufficiently from all possible angles, have the required spatial resolution, be devoid of any motion blur, exhibit accurate focus and feature an adequate depth of field. The last four characteristics all determine the “sharpness” of an image and the photogrammetric, computer vision and hybrid photogrammetric computer vision communities all assume that the object to be modelled is depicted “acceptably” sharp throughout the whole image collection. Although none of these three fields has ever properly quantified “acceptably sharp”, it is more or less standard practice to mask those image portions that appear to be unsharp due to the limited depth of field around the plane of focus (whether this means blurry object parts or completely out-of-focus backgrounds). This paper will assess how well- or ill-suited defocus estimating algorithms are for automatically masking a series of photographs, since this could speed up modelling pipelines with many hundreds or thousands of photographs. To that end, the paper uses five different real-world datasets and compares the output of three state-of-the-art edge-based defocus estimators. Afterwards, critical comments and plans for the future finalise this paper.
SPACE-BORNE LASER ALTIMETER GEOLOCATION ERROR ANALYSIS
Authors: Wang Y. , Fang J. , Ai Y.
Published: May 2018

Abstract. This paper reviews the development of space-borne laser altimetry technology over the past 40 years. Taking the ICESAT satellite as an example, a rigorous space-borne laser altimeter geolocation model is studied, and an error propagation equation is derived. The influence of the main error sources, such as the platform positioning error, attitude measurement error, pointing angle measurement error and range measurement error, on the geolocation accuracy of the laser spot are analysed by simulated experiments. The reasons for the different influences on geolocation accuracy in different directions are discussed, and to satisfy the accuracy of the laser control point, a design index for each error source is put forward.