bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The value core of the traditional culture of the Buryats as an object of socio-cultural design
Authors: Namzhilova Elena Sadoevna , Tsyngueva Dulmazhab
Published: March 2024

The authors consider in detail the features of the socio-cultural design of ethnocultural activities based on the actualization of traditional values and heritage in the Aginsky Buryat district. Since the end of the twentieth century, there has been an intensification of activities for the development of ethnic culture in the district, and often the initiative comes from the people, and it is implemented in the form of socio-cultural projects of cultural institutions, education, non-profit organizations. In connection with these features, it becomes relevant to analyze the value core of the Buryat culture, which becomes the object of socio-cultural design at the present stage. To study this issue, methods of external and included observation, content analysis of ongoing socio-cultural projects were used; scientific literature on the topic of socio-cultural design and values of Buryat culture was analyzed. The research material was social practices and projects implemented in the Aginsky Buryat district. The novelty of the research lies in the fact that the socio-cultural processes emerging in the social environment, initiated by tribal communities and social groups of peers, are studied. In the Agin Buryat district, these social groups are the subjects initiating innovative social practices aimed at actualizing and reviving the cultural core of the people. On the basis of these practices that have arisen in the popular environment, social projects of government bodies and institutions of the social sphere, culture, and education are being created and implemented. As a result of the conducted research, it was revealed that socio-cultural design at the present stage actualizes the values of the native language, the continuity of the family and tribal community, love for the native land, strengthening friendly ties with fellow countrymen and peers during the implementation of socially significant practices.
Política de financiamento das universidades estaduais da Bahia: dimensões relevantes à gestão da Universidade Estadual de Feira de Santana (UEFS)
Authors: de Macêdo Mota Júnior Antônio
Published: March 2024

As universidades estaduais têm sua importância principalmente pela interiorização da oferta pública de educação superior no Brasil e, especialmente, em função do atraso histórico na criação de universidades e da oferta federal limitada às regiões litorâneas. Nesse sentido, o estado da Baia destaca-se com a manutenção de quatro dessas instituições.
Simulation of evaporation ablation dynamics of materials by nanosecond pulse laser of Gaussian beam and flat-top beam
Authors: Yin Pei-Qi , Xu Bo-Ping , Liu Ying-Hua , Wang Yi-Shan , Zhao Wei , Tang Jie ,   State Key Laboratory of Transient Optics and Photonics, Xi’an Institute of Optics and Precision Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi’an 710119, China,   University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
Published: March 2024

Based on the established two-dimensional asymmetric model of the interaction between a nanosecond pulse laser and metallic aluminum, the effect of beam shaping on the evaporation ablation dynamics during the ablation of metallic aluminum by a nanosecond pulse laser is simulated. The results show that plasma shielding, which has a significant influence on the ablation properties of the target, occurs mainly in the middle phase and late phase of the pulse. Among the three laser profiles, the Gaussian beam has the strongest shielding effect. As the diameter of the reshaped flat-top beam increases, the shielding effect gradually weakens. The two-dimensional spatial distribution of target temperature is relatively different between ablation by a Gaussian beam and that by a flat-top beam. For the Gaussian beam, the center of the target is first heated, and then the temperature spreads in radial direction and axial direction. For the flat-top beam, due to the uniform energy distribution, the target is heated within a certain radial range simultaneously. Beam shaping has a great influence on the evaporation ablation dynamics of the target. For the Gaussian beam, the center of the target is first ablated, followed by the radial ablation. For the flat-top beam, the evaporation time of the target surface is delayed due to the lower energy density after the beam has been shaped. In addition, the target evaporates simultaneously in a certain radial range due to the more uniform distribution of laser energy. For each of the three laser profiles, the evaporation morphology of the target resembles the intensity distribution of the laser beam. The crater produced by the Gaussian beam is deep in the center and shallow on both sides, while it becomes relatively flat by the flat-top beam.
Murine alveolar macrophages rapidly accumulate intranasally administered SARS-CoV-2 Spike protein leading to neutrophil recruitment and damage
Authors: Park Chung , Hwang Il-Young , Yan Serena Li-Sue , Vimonpatranon Sinmanus , Wei Danlan , Van Ryk Don , Girard Alexandre , Cicala Claudia , Arthos James , Kehrl John H
Published: March 2024

The trimeric SARS-CoV-2 Spike protein mediates viral attachment facilitating cell entry. Most COVID-19 vaccines direct mammalian cells to express the Spike protein or deliver it directly via inoculation to engender a protective immune response. The trafficking and cellular tropism of the Spike protein in vivo and its impact on immune cells remains incompletely elucidated. In this study, we inoculated mice intranasally, intravenously, and subcutaneously with fluorescently labeled recombinant SARS-CoV-2 Spike protein. Using flow cytometry and imaging techniques, we analyzed its localization, immune cell tropism, and acute functional impact. Intranasal administration led to rapid lung alveolar macrophage uptake, pulmonary vascular leakage, and neutrophil recruitment and damage. When injected near the inguinal lymph node medullary, but not subcapsular macrophages, captured the protein, while scrotal injection recruited and fragmented neutrophils. Widespread endothelial and liver Kupffer cell uptake followed intravenous administration. Human peripheral blood cells B cells, neutrophils, monocytes, and myeloid dendritic cells all efficiently bound Spike protein. Exposure to the Spike protein enhanced neutrophil NETosis and augmented human macrophage TNF-α (tumor necrosis factor-α) and IL-6 production. Human and murine immune cells employed C-type lectin receptors and Siglecs to help capture the Spike protein. This study highlights the potential toxicity of the SARS-CoV-2 Spike protein for mammalian cells and illustrates the central role for alveolar macrophage in pathogenic protein uptake.
Actin dynamics switches two distinct modes of endosomal fusion in yolk sac visceral endoderm cells
Authors: Koike Seiichi , Tachikawa Masashi , Tsutsumi Motosuke , Okada Takuya , Nemoto Tomomi , Keino-Masu Kazuko , Masu Masayuki
Published: March 2024

Membranes undergo various patterns of deformation during vesicle fusion, but how this membrane deformation is regulated and contributes to fusion remains unknown. In this study, we developed a new method of observing the fusion of individual late endosomes and lysosomes by using mouse yolk sac visceral endoderm cells that have huge endocytic vesicles. We found that there were two distinct fusion modes that were differently regulated. In homotypic fusion, two late endosomes fused quickly, whereas in heterotypic fusion they fused to lysosomes slowly. Mathematical modeling showed that vesicle size is a critical determinant of these fusion types and that membrane fluctuation forces can overcome the vesicle size effects. We found that actin filaments were bound to late endosomes and forces derived from dynamic actin remodeling were necessary for quick fusion during homotypic fusion. Furthermore, cofilin played a role in endocytic fusion by regulating actin turnover. These data suggest that actin promotes vesicle fusion for efficient membrane trafficking in visceral endoderm cells.
Sex differences in strength at the shoulder: a systematic review
Authors: Kritzer Tamar D. , Lang Cameron J. , Holmes Michael W. R. , Cudlip Alan C.
Published: March 2024

Background

Understanding differential strength capability between sexes is critical in ergonomics and task design. Variations in study designs and outcome measures generates challenges in establishing workplace guidelines for strength requirements to minimize upper extremity risk for workers. The purpose of this systematic review was to collate and summarize sex differences in strength at the shoulder across movement directions and contraction types.

Methods

A total of 3,294 articles were screened from four databases (Embase, Medline, SCOPUS, and Web of Science). Eligibility criteria included observational studies, direct measurement of muscular joint, and healthy adult participants (18–65 years old). Strength outcome measures were normalized to percentages of male outputs to allow comparisons across articles.

Results

A total of 63 studies were included within the final review. Majority of articles observed increased strength in males; the gap between male–female strength was greater in flexion and internal/external rotation, with females generating ~30% of male strength; scaption strength ratios were most consistent of the movement groups, with females generating 55–62% of male strength.

Conclusion

Sex strength differences should be considered as an important factor for workplace task design as women are more at risk for occupational-related injuries than men in equivalent strength requirements. Differences in strength were not synonymous across motions; females demonstrated increased disparity relative to male strength in horizontal flexion/extension, forward flexion and internal/external rotation. Some movements had an extremely limited pool of available studies for examination which identified critical research gaps within the literature. Collating and quantifying strength differences is critical for effective workstation design with a range of users to mitigate potential overexertion risk and musculoskeletal injury.
Mathematical Formulation of a Co-infection Model and its Analyses for Monkeypox and HIV/AIDS Infections
Authors: Marcus Ossaiugbo Ifeanyi , Augustine Atonuje , Jonathan Tsetimi , Ighomaro Okposo Newton
Published: March 2024

The dynamics of the co-infection of monkeypox and HIV/AIDS is examined from a mathematical perspective via a deterministic 13-compartment model. This consists of the investigation of the equilibrium points, the basic reproduction numbers and the equilibrium points’ stability. The mathematical analysis reveals that the model is epidemiologically well-posed, and that the basic reproduction number for the monkeypox sub-model is a function of the likelihood of getting infected, the rate of effective contact, the infection coefficient of the monkeypox-infectious class, the monkeypox prevention measure, the progression rate from monkeypox-exposed class to monkeypox-infectious class, the natural death rate, the vaccination rate and the waning rate of the vaccine. It also depends on the recovery rate for the monkeypox-exposed class and the monkeypox-induced death rate. The analysis also reveals that the basic reproduction number for the HIV/AIDS sub-model is a function of the likelihood of getting infected, the rate of effective contact, the HIV/AIDS prevention measure, the infection coefficient of the monkeypox-infectious class, the HIV/AIDS-induced death rate, the natural death rate, the infection coefficient of AIDS-only class, and the progression rate of HIV-only class to AIDS-only. The stability analysis reveals that the disease-free equilibrium of the sub-models are globally asymptomatically stable, when the basic reproduction number is less than unity. Numerical simulations of the model reveal the effect of changes in certain parameter values on the population sizes. Increasing or lowering the values of certain parameters can significantly affect the sizes of some classes. The Maple 18 programming software was used to carry out all calculations and numerical simulations.
Biomedical Materials
Authors: Lyman Donald J. , Rowland Stephen M.
Published: March 2007

Polymeric materials are used in a variety of corporeal, paracorporeal, and extracorporeal applications; however, their utility would be improved with better biocompatibility. The development of new biomedical polymers requires integrating polymer science and engineering with cellular and molecular biology. Suggested criteria for biocompatible polymer materials are presented. Physiological defense mechanisms elicited in response to implanted biomedical polymers are discussed. Implant design and strategies to achieve biocompatibility are outlined.
Depolymerization
Authors: Sawada Hideo
Published: March 2007

This article provides an overview of depolymerization from a thermodynamic and kinetic perspective. Depolymerization is characterized by the scission of the main chain backbone. Three types of reactions such as random degradation, depolymerization and weak‐link degradation may occur separately or in conjunction with each other. The kinetic treatment of depolymerization processes has been described in the case of random degradation and chain depolymerization. Depolymerization is characterized as their thermodynamic and energetic features such as heat, entropy, free energy for polymerization, bond‐dissociation energy, and activation energy. Current applications of depolymerization are found in various fields such as biological recycling (biorecycling), chemical recycling, agricultural uses in natural environment, and medical uses.
Using Molecular Force to Overcome Steric Barriers in a Springlike Molecular Ouroboros**
Authors: Nygaard S. , Liu Y. , Stein P. C. , Flood A. H. , Jeppesen J. O.
Published: March 2007

A mechanically interlocked and self‐complexing molecular ouroboros that incorporates the π‐electron‐rich monopyrrolotetrathiafulvalene (MPTTF) unit and the π‐electron‐poor tetracationic macrocycle cyclobis(paraquat‐p‐phenylene) (CBPQT4+) has been synthesized and characterized. The molecular ouroboros constitutes an interesting class of redox‐active interlocked molecules that is structurally similar to the image of the Serpent biting its own tail, whereas, and towards advanced functionality, its mode of action resembles a wound spring. Electrochemical methods and short timescale UV‐vis‐NIR (NIR: near IR) chemical switching experiments verified the reversible oxidation and reduction of the molecular ouroboros akin to the build‐up and release of tension in a spring. Building out from this concept, it was determined by the time evolution of the 1H NMR and UV‐vis‐NIR spectra, however, that the initially interlocked molecular ouroboros is converted into a linear non‐interlocked state by the employment of an appropriate oxidation–reduction cycle. The oxidation‐induced dethreading process occurs when the dicationic MPTTF2+ unit is kept within close proximity to the CBPQT4+ ring by the circular interlocked structure in order to maintain the electrostatic repulsive force between the MPTTF2+ unit and the CBPQT4+ ring for longer periods of time. The resulting high‐energy, and now tightly wound, interlocked conformation overcomes a steric barrier in many minutes, relaxing thermodynamically to form the lowest‐energy linear state in an irreversible process that would otherwise be kinetically improbable without the oxidation.
Atom transfer radical polymerization of butadiene using MoO2Cl2/PPh3 as the catalyst
Authors: Hua Jing , Li Xin , Li Yue‐Sheng , Xu Ling , Li Yan‐Xia
Published: March 2007

Atom transfer radical polymerization has been used to successfully synthesize polybutadiene. This was achieved by using MoO2Cl2/triphenyl phosphine as the catalyst and the various organic halide compounds such as methyl‐2‐chloropropionate, CCl4, 1,4‐dichloromethyl benzene, 1‐phenylethyl chloride, and benzyl chloride as initiators. The monomer conversion increased up to 50% with polymerization time. The polydispersity indices of the polymers were as high as above 1.5. However, the polymerizations were controlled and the polydispersity indices of the polymers were less than 1.5 throughout the polymerizationin reverse atom transfer radical polymerization. The chemical structure of the polymer obtained was characterized by 1HNMR and FTIR. The valency states of molybdenum in this reactive system were detected by UV–vis spectra. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 104: 3517–3522, 2007
The Algorithmically Structured Systematic Exploration of Subject's State of Mind. I. Development of a New Interview
Authors: Stoléru Serge , le Mer Marie‐Noëlle
Published: March 2007

Objective: To develop an interview method that combined the qualities of unstructured interviews, such as openness to unexpected information, and the qualities of structured interviews, such as adequate psychometric properties. Method: The innovative principle of the Algorithmically Structured Systematic Exploration of Subject's State of Mind (Assess_Mind) is to investigate, not the contents of mental phenomenology, but five mental functions – or “registers” – that mediate the experience of patients. The functioning of these registers – affects, fears, desires, memories, and associations of ideas – is explored using a rigorously defined algorithm for interviewing. Scales have been developed to rate 390 interviews on psychopathological dimensions of interest in a study of patients undergoing in vitro fertilization (IVF) treatment. Results: As shown by vignettes from the various registers, the Assess_Mind provides detailed, comprehensive, and deep information on the five registers it investigates. Conclusion: Although the Assess_Mind uses a structured algorithm for data collection, its usefulness as a clinical research tool is based on the width and depth of its coverage of patients' current mental experience. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Selection power and selection labor for information retrieval
Authors: Warner Julian
Published: March 2007

This study examines the relation between selection power and selection labor for information retrieval (IR). It is the first part of the development of a labor theoretic approach to IR. Existing models for evaluation of IR systems are reviewed and the distinction of operational from experimental systems partly dissolved. The often covert, but powerful, influence from technology on practice and theory is rendered explicit. Selection power is understood as the human ability to make informed choices between objects or representations of objects and is adopted as the primary value for IR. Selection power is conceived as a property of human consciousness, which can be assisted or frustrated by system design. The concept of selection power is further elucidated, and its value supported, by an example of the discrimination enabled by index descriptions, the discovery of analogous concepts in partly independent scholarly and wider public discourses, and its embodiment in the design and use of systems. Selection power is regarded as produced by selection labor, with the nature of that labor changing with different historical conditions and concurrent information technologies. Selection labor can itself be decomposed into description and search labor. Selection labor and its decomposition into description and search labor will be treated in a subsequent article, in a further development of a labor theoretic approach to information retrieval.
Optimized Fluorescent Trimethoprim Derivatives for in vivo Protein Labeling
Authors: Calloway Nathaniel T. , Choob Michael , Sanz Ana , Sheetz Michael P. , Miller Lawrence W. , Cornish Virginia W.
Published: March 2007

The combined technologies of optical microscopy and selective probes allow for real‐time analysis of protein function in living cells. Synthetic chemistry offers a means to develop specific, protein‐targeted probes that exhibit greater optical and chemical functionality than the widely used fluorescent proteins. Here we describe pharmacokinetically optimized, fluorescent trimethoprim (TMP) analogues that can be used to specifically label recombinant proteins fused to E. coli dihydrofolate reductase (eDHFR) in living, wild‐type mammalian cells. These improved fluorescent tags exhibited high specificity and fast labeling kinetics, and they could be detected at a high signal‐to‐noise ratio by using fluorescence microscopy and fluorescence‐activated cell sorting (FACS). We also show that fluorescent TMP–eDHFR complexes are complements to green fluorescent protein (GFP) for two‐color protein labeling experiments in cells.
Synthesis of Metal–(Pentadentate‐Salen) Complexes: Asymmetric Epoxidation with Aqueous Hydrogen Peroxide and Asymmetric Cyclopropanation (salenH2: N,N′‐bis(salicylidene)ethylene‐1,2‐diamine)
Authors: Shitama Hiroaki , Katsuki Tsutomu
Published: March 2007

It is known that the rates and stereochemical outcomes of epoxidations and cyclopropanations using a metallosalen (salenH2: N,N′‐bis(salicylidene)ethylene‐1,2‐diamine) complex as catalyst are affected by a trans effect of the apical ligand of the complex. By taking into consideration this trans effect, we have synthesized optically active pentadentate salen ligands bearing an imidazole or pyridine derivative as the fifth coordinating group, and have prepared the corresponding manganese(III) and cobalt(II) complexes, in which the fifth ligand is expected to intramolecularly coordinate to the metal center and exert a trans effect. Indeed, high enantioselectivity has been achieved in epoxidations using aqueous hydrogen peroxide as the terminal oxidant and in cyclopropanations with these complexes as catalysts. In general, metallosalen‐catalyzed reactions have been carried out in the presence of an excess of a donor ligand; however, the present reactions do not need the addition of any extra donor ligand.
On the Spectroscopic and Thermochemical Properties of ClO, BrO, IO, and Their Anions
Authors: Peterson Kirk A. , Shepler Benjamin C. , Figgen Detlev , Stoll Hermann
Published: March 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Inducing Magnetism in the Kondo Semiconductor CeRhSb Through Hydrogenation: Antiferromagnetic Behavior of the New Hydride CeRhSbH0.2.
Authors: Chevalier B. , Decourt R. , Heying B. , Schappacher F. M. , Rodewald U. Ch. , Hoffmann R.‐D. , Poettgen R. , Eger R. , Simon A.
Published: March 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Topotactic Intercalation of a Metallic Dense Host Matrix Chalcogenide with Large Electron—Phonon Coupling: Crystal Structures and Electronic Properties of LixMo2SbS2 (0 ≤ x ≤ 0.7).
Authors: Lappas Alexandros , Nuttall Christopher J. , Fthenakis Zacharias G. , Pomjakushin Vladimir Yu. , Roberts Mark A.
Published: March 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Radical/Ion Pair Formation in the Electrochemical Reduction of Arene Sulfenyl Chlorides.
Authors: Ji Chang , Ahmida Mohamed , Chahma M'hamed , Houmam Abdelaziz
Published: March 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Stereoselective Lewis Acid Catalyzed α‐Acylvinyl Additions.
Authors: Reynolds Troy E. , Bharadwaj Ashwin R. , Scheidt Karl A.
Published: March 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Practical Approach to α‐ or γ‐Heterosubstituted Enoic Acids.
Authors: Shamshina Julia L. , Snowden Timothy S.
Published: March 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Selective Apical Bromination of Diamantane and Conversion to the Dihydroxy and Dicarboxylic Acid Derivatives.
Authors: Davis Matthew C. , Liu Shenggao
Published: March 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Propargylic Phosphonium Salts in Cobalt‐Catalyzed Diels—Alder Reactions.
Authors: Hilt Gerhard , Hengst Christoph
Published: March 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Michael Additions in Water of Ketones to Nitroolefins Catalyzed by Readily Tunable and Bifunctional Pyrrolidine—Thiourea Organocatalysts.
Authors: Cao Yi‐Ju , Lai Yuan‐Yuan , Wang Xiang , Li Yong‐Jian , Xiao Wen‐Jing
Published: March 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Bis(cyclohexanone) Oxalyldihydrazone/Copper(II) Oxide — A Novel and Efficient Catalytic System for Ullmann‐Type C—N Coupling in Pure Water.
Authors: Zhu Xinhai , Ma Yan , Su Li , Song Huacan , Chen Gong , Liang Dacheng , Wan Yiqian
Published: March 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
S‐Chiral Sulfinamides as Highly Enantioselective Organocatalysts.
Authors: Pei Dong , Wang Zhouyu , Wei Siyu , Zhang Yu , Sun Jian
Published: March 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Organocatalytic Asymmetric Synthesis of 1,2,3‐prim,sec,sec‐Triols.
Authors: Zhao Gui‐Ling , Dziedzic Pawel , Ibrahem Ismail , Cordova Armando
Published: March 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
An Enantioselective Desymmetrization Approach to C9‐Substituted trans‐Hydrindene Rings Based on a Diastereotopic Group‐Selective Intramolecular Diels—Alder Reaction.
Authors: Azzi Nadia , Griffen Ed , Light Mark , Linclau Bruno
Published: March 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Synthesis of Tribromobenzofuran and Tribromobenzopyran Derivatives from Methyl 2‐Allyl‐4,5,6‐tribromo‐3‐hydroxybenzoate (IV).
Authors: Khan Faiz Ahmed , Soma Laxminarayana
Published: March 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Regio‐ and Stereoselective Synthesis of Pterocarpan Derivatives on a Carbazole Scaffold by Cascade Sigmatropic Rearrangements.
Authors: Chattopadhyay Shital K. , Ghosh Debalina , Biswas Titas
Published: March 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Highly Regioselective Synthesis of 1‐Aryl‐3,4,5‐Substituted Pyrazoles.
Authors: Gosselin Francis , O'Shea Paul D. , Webster Robert A. , Reamer Robert A. , Tillyer Richard D. , Grabowski Edward J. J.
Published: March 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Isocyanide Addition to Pyridinium Salts. Efficient Entry into Substituted Nicotinonitrile Derivatives.
Authors: Williams Nana Aba O. , Masdeu Carme , Diaz Jose Luis , Lavilla Rodolfo
Published: March 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Alumina Supported‐CeCl3×7H2O—NaI: An Efficient Catalyst for the Cyclization of 2′‐Aminochalcones to the Corresponding 2‐Aryl‐2,3‐dihydroquinolin‐4(1H)‐ones under Solvent Free Conditions.
Authors: Ahmed Naseem , van Lier Johan E.
Published: March 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Transformations of 2‐(α‐Furyl)‐4‐(2‐oxopyrrolidinyl‐1)‐1,2,3,4‐tetrahydroquinolines, Cycloadducts of the Imino Diels—Alder Reaction: A Simple Synthesis of New Quinoline Derivatives.
Authors: Kouznetsov Vladimir V. , Cruz Uriel Mora
Published: March 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Synthesis and Pharmacological Investigation of Novel 1‐Alkyl‐4‐(4‐substituted aryl/heteroaryl)‐1,2,4‐triazolo[4,3‐a]quinazolin‐5(4H)‐ones as a New Class of H1‐Antihistaminic Agents.
Authors: Alagarsamy Veerachamy , Yadav Mangae Ram , Giridhar Rajani
Published: March 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
An Efficient Route to Thieno[2,3‐d]pyrimidine Derivatives by Tandem [2,3] and [3,3] Sigmatropic Rearrangement.
Authors: Majumdar Krishna C. , Pal Nilasish , Chattopadhyay Sudip K.
Published: March 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Synthesis of Tricyclic Pyrazolo[1,5‐a]pyrimidin‐7(4H)‐ones Featuring Regioselective Formation of the Core Structure.
Authors: Parchinsky Vladislav Z. , Ushakova Olga , Kravchenko Dmitry V. , Krasavin Mikhail
Published: March 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
An Expeditious Synthesis of 1,5‐Benzodiazepine Derivatives Catalyzed by CdCl2.
Authors: Pasha M. A. , Jayashankara V. P.
Published: March 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
An Enantio‐ and Diastereoselective Synthesis of Fluorinated β‐Aminoalkyloxepin Derivatives Through Mannich and Ring‐Closing Metathesis Reactions.
Authors: Fustero Santos , Esteban Elisabet , Sanz‐Cervera Juan F. , Jimenez Diego , Mojarrad Fatemeh
Published: March 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Novaxenicins A—D and Xeniolides I—K, Seven New Diterpenes from the Soft Coral Xenia novaebrittaniae.
Authors: Bishara Ashgan , Rudi Amira , Goldberg Israel , Benayahu Yehuda , Kashman Yoel
Published: March 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Potential Antiallergic ent‐Kaurene Diterpenes from the Bark of Suregada multiflora.
Authors: Cheenpracha Sarot , Yodsaoue Orapun , Karalai Chatchanok , Ponglimanont Chanita , Subhadhirasakul Sanan , Tewtrakul Supinya , Kanjana‐opas Akkharawit
Published: March 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Alder‐Ene Reaction of 3‐Methyl‐3‐cyanocyclopropene with Monoterpenes.
Authors: Ashirov Roman V. , Balandina Alsu A. , Kharlamov Sergey V. , Appolonova Svetlana A. , Figadere Bruno , Latypov Shamil K. , Plemenkov Vitali V.
Published: March 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Enantioselective Synthesis of Non‐Proteinogenic 2‐Arylallyl‐α‐amino Acids via Pd/In Catalytic Cascades.
Authors: Grigg Ronald , McCaffrey Shaun , Sridharan Visuvanathar , Fishwick Colin W. G. , Kilner Colin , Korn Stewart , Bailey Kevin , Blacker John
Published: March 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Janthinolide A and B, Two New 2,5‐Piperazinedione Derivatives from the Endophytic Penicillium janthinellum Isolated from the Soft Coral Dendronephthya sp.
Authors: Xue Chunmei , Li Tian , Deng Zhiwei , Fu Hongzheng , Lin Wenhan
Published: March 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Cruentaren, a New Antifungal Salicylate‐Type Macrolide from Byssovorax cruenta (Myxobacteria) with Inhibitory Effect on Mitochondrial ATPase Activity. Fermentation and Biological Properties. Part 104. Antibiotics from Gliding Bacteria.
Authors: Kunze Brigitte , Steinmetz Heinrich , Hoefle Gerhard , Huss Markus , Wieczorek Helmut , Reichenbach Hans
Published: March 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Technical Metallurgical Developments in the Iron Industry. Part 5. Gas Production from Coal and Peat
Authors: Koestler Hans Joerg
Published: March 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
The Crystallization Behavior of Proline and Its Role in Asymmetric Organocatalysis
Authors: Kellogg Richard M.
Published: March 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Sugar‐Derived Crown Ethers and Their Analogues: Synthesis and Properties
Authors: Jarosz Slawomir , Listkowski Arkadiusz
Published: March 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Biocatalytic Protecting Group Chemistry for Sugars, Nucleosides and Their Analogues
Authors: Prasad Ashok K. , Shakya Gaurav
Published: March 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Enzyme‐Assisted Introduction and Cleavage of Protecting Groups in Nucleoside Chemistry
Authors: Santaniello Enzo , Alessandrini Laura , Ciuffreda Pierangela
Published: March 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Similarity Metrics and Descriptor Spaces — Which Combinations to Choose
Authors: Glen Robert C. , Adams Samuel E.
Published: March 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
The Long and Winding Road to the Structure of Homo‐DNA
Authors: Egli Martin , Lubini Paolo , Pallan Pradeep S.
Published: March 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Micropatterned Supported Membranes as Tools for Quantitative Studies of the Immunological Synapse
Authors: Mossman Kaspar , Groves Jay
Published: March 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Area map of mouse visual cortex
Authors: Wang Quanxin , Burkhalter Andreas
Published: March 2007

It is controversial whether mouse extrastriate cortex has a “simple” organization in which lateral primary visual cortex (V1) is adjoined by a single area V2 or has a “complex” organization, in which lateral V1 is adjoined by multiple distinct areas, all of which share the vertical meridian with V1. Resolving this issue is important for understanding the evolution and development of cortical arealization. We have used triple pathway tracing combined with receptive field recordings to map azimuth and elevation in the same brain and have referenced these maps against callosal landmarks. We found that V1 projects to 15 cortical fields. At least nine of these contain maps with complete and orderly representations of the entire visual hemifield and therefore represent distinct areas. One of these, PM, adjoins V1 at the medial border. Five areas, P, LM, AL, RL, and A, adjoin V1 on the lateral border, but only LM shares the vertical meridian representation with V1. This suggests that LM is homologous to V2 and that the lateral extrastriate areas do not represent modules within a single area V2. Thus, mouse visual cortex is “simple” in the sense that lateral V1 is adjoined by a single V2‐like area, LM, and “complex” in having a string of areas in lateral extrastriate cortex, which receive direct V1 input. The results suggest that large numbers of areas with topologically equivalent maps of the visual field emerge early in evolution and that homologous areas are inherited in different mammalian lineages. J. Comp. Neurol. 502:339–357, 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Early exposure to methylphenidate increases fear responses in an aversive context in adult rats
Authors: Britton Gabrielle B. , Segan Andrew T. , Sejour Jeffrey , Mancebo Silvia E.
Published: March 2007

The effects of methylphenidate hydrochloride (MPH) administration during development on fear acquisition and retention in adulthood were examined using classical fear conditioning. Male Sprague–Dawley rats were administered MPH (2 mg/kg) or saline twice daily from postnatal day (PD) 25 to 39, and were trained and tested on PD 81 and 82. During training, shock unconditioned stimulus (US) presentations were explicitly paired with an auditory conditioned stimulus (CS) or occurred unsignaled in the training context. No effect of MPH treatment was found during fear acquisition when shock was signaled or unsignaled during training, but 24 h retention tests in the training context revealed enhanced fear responses in MPH‐treated animals that received unsignaled training. These results support recent reports of enhanced anxiety‐like behaviors in adult rats caused by early developmental MPH treatment and highlight the need for further research into the long‐term effects of developmental exposure to stimulants aimed at pediatric populations. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Dev Psychobiol 49: 265–275, 2007.
Gain of affinity point mutation in the serotonin receptor gene 5‐HT2Dro accelerates germband extension movements during Drosophila gastrulation
Authors: Schaerlinger B. , Launay J.M. , Vonesch J.l. , Maroteaux L.
Published: March 2007

Serotonin (5‐HT) not only works as a neurotransmitter in the nervous system, but also as a morphogenetic factor during early embryogenesis. In Drosophila, a previous report showed that embryos that lack the 5‐HT2Dro receptor locus, display abnormal gastrulation movements. In this work, we screened for point mutations in the 5‐HT2Dro receptor gene. We identified one point mutation that generates a gain of serotonin affinity for the receptor and affects germband extension: 5‐HT2DroC1644. Embryos homozygous for this point mutation display a fourfold increase in the maximal speed of ectodermal cell movements during the rapid phase of germband extension. Homozygous 5‐HT2DroC1644 embryos present a cuticular phenotype, including a total lack of denticle belt. Identification of this gain of function mutation shows the participation of serotonin in the regulation of the cell speed movements during the germband extension and suggests a role of serotonin in the regulation of cuticular formation during early embryogenesis. Developmental Dynamics 236:991–999, 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Simultaneous identification of natural dyes in the collection of drawings and maps from The Royal Chancellery Archives in Granada (Spain) by CE
Authors: López‐Montes Ana , Blanc García Rosario , Espejo Teresa , Huertas‐Perez José F. , Navalón Alberto , Vílchez José Luis
Published: March 2007

A simple and rapid capillary electrophoretic method with UV detection (CE–UV) has been developed for the identification of five natural dyes namely, carmine, indigo, saffron, gamboge and Rubia tinctoria root. The separation was performed in a fused‐silica capillary of 64.5 cm length and 50 μm id. The running buffer was 40 mM sodium tetraborate buffer solution (pH 9.25). The applied potential was 30 kV, the temperature was 25°C and detections were performed at 196, 232, 252, 300 and 356 nm. The injections were under pressure of 50 mbar during 13 s. The method was applied to the identification of carminic acid, gambogic acid, crocetin, indigotin, alizarin and purpurin in the collection of drawings and maps at the Royal Chancellery Archives in Granada (Spain). The method was validated by using HPLC as a reference method.
Does perinatal antiretroviral therapy create an iatrogenic cancer risk?
Authors: Wogan Gerald N.
Published: March 2007

Antiretroviral therapy is highly effective in reducing vertical transfer of HIV infection, sparing many thousands of children premature death from AIDS. However, accumulating evidence indicates that perinatal exposure to antiretroviral agents may place them at elevated risk of developing cancer later in life, owing to potential carcinogenic effects of the agents. An initial experimental evaluation clearly demonstrated that AZT was a genotoxin and transplacental carcinogen of intermediate potency in CD‐1 mice. This issue of Environmental and Molecular Mutagenesis contains reports of recent studies designed to confirm and extend earlier findings, and to provide further perspective that will facilitate development of strategies through which the adverse effects might be mitigated. The studies focused on various aspects of the genotoxicity and carcinogenicity of antiretroviral agents, including: mutagenesis in several in vitro experimental systems; mutations and clastogenic effects induced by transplacental administration in mice; transplacental carcinogenesis and mutations in oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes in tumors of mice; and genotoxicity and clastogenicity following perinatal exposure of HIV‐infected mothers and their uninfected infants. Collectively, the results obtained provide convincing biological plausibility for the postulate that perinatal exposure to nucleoside analogs puts children at elevated risk of developing cancers later in life. They further emphasize the importance of continued surveillance of these children for increased cancer risk and indicate a need for efforts to develop less genotoxic alternative agents. Environ. Mol. Mutagen., 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Vibration of cylindrical shells with clamped ends
Authors: Warburton G. B. , Higgs J.
Published: March 2007

A general method is outlined for the determination of natural frequencies of cylindrical shells with any boundary conditions when the effects of rotatory inertia and transverse shear deformation are included in the analysis. This is applied to cylindrical shells with both ends clamped. It is shown that the inclusion of these effects tends to have a greater effect upon frequencies of cylindrical shells with clamped ends than it does for corresponding shells with simply supported ends, for which numerical results are available. The authors suggest an empirical relation, which together with the latter results enables rapid estimates to be made of the effects of rotatory inertia and shear deformation on the frequencies of a wide range of cylindrical shells with clamped ends. An assessment of the accuracy of the theory with these effects included is made by comparing frequencies with values from a three‐dimensional elasticity theory, but this comparison has to be restricted to cylindrical shells with simply supported ends.
On increasing the structural damping of a steel chimney
Authors: Johns D. J. , Britton J. , Stoppard G.
Published: March 2007

Experimental results of a study which was commissioned to investigate the possible benefit of added structural damping in reducing the susceptibility of a steel chimney to wind‐excited swaying vibrations are presented and discussed. The experimental and analytical techniques used are briefly described.

The results indicated a significant increase in structural damping when pads of a special damping material were incorporated into the foundation structure of the chimney.
The dynamic response of gravity platforms
Authors: Dungar R. , Eldred P. J. L.
Published: March 2007

Gravity platforms, together with associated regions of foundation and fluid, are idealized using the finite element method. Radiation of wave energy away from the platform region is modelled by appropriate damping applied to the boundary of the foundation mesh. Response results, due to sinusoidally applied forces, are calculated for seven platform‐foundation configurations. Of particular interest are those results for various assumed foundation conditions, including the presence of stiff soil layers. The response of these platforms due to North Sea storm conditions is also estimated. It is concluded that a simple static analysis of the platform‐foundation system does not necessarily give an accurate prediction of the response under extreme loading conditions. It is proposed that each prototype platform must be assessed on its individual merits, particular attention being given to prevailing geotechnical conditions.