bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Biorefineries – factories of the future
Authors: Kołtuniewicz Andrzej B. , Dąbkowska Katarzyna
Published: April 2016

Efforts were made to demonstrate that in biorefineries it is possible to manufacture all the commodities required for maintaining human civilisation on the current level. Biorefineries are based on processing biomass resulting from photosynthesis. From sugars, oils and proteins, a variety of food, feed, nutrients, pharmaceuticals, polymers, chemicals and fuels can further be produced. Production in biorefineries must be based on a few rules to fulfil sustainable development: all raw materials are derived from biomass, all products are biodegradable and production methods are in accordance with the principles of Green Chemistry and Clean Technology. The paper presents a summary of state-of-the-art concerning biorefineries, production methods and product range of leading companies in the world that are already implemented. Potential risks caused by the development of biorefineries, such as: insecurities of food and feed production, uncontrolled changes in global production profiles, monocultures, eutrophication, etc., were also highlighted in this paper. It was stressed that the sustainable development is not only an alternative point of view but is our condition to survive.
Modelling of a hybrid culture system with a stationary layer of liquid perfluorochemical applied as oxygen carrier
Authors: Pilarek Maciej , Dąbkowska Katarzyna
Published: April 2016

A mathematical model of a hybrid culture system supported with a stationary layer of liquid perfluorochemical (PFC) as a source of O2 for cells which grow in the aqueous phase of culture medium has been developed and discussed. The two-substrate Monod kinetics without inhibition effects, i.e. the Tsao-Hanson equation, has been assumed to characterise the biomass growth. The Damköhler number which relates the growth rate to the mass transfer effects has been used to appraise the regime (i.e. diffusion-limited or kinetics) of the whole process. The proposed model predicted accurately previously published data on the submerged batch cultures of Nicotiana tabacum BY-2 heterotrophic cells performed in a culture system supported with a stationary layer of hydrophobic perfluorodecalin as a liquid O2 carrier. Estimated values of the parameters of the model showed that the process proceeded in the kinetics regime and the growth kinetics, not the effects of the mass transfer between aqueous phase and liquid PFC, had essential influence on the growth of biomass.
Sporophyte records of the moss Dicranum tauricum Sapjegin in the Czech Republic
Authors: Skoupá Zuzana , Kučera Jan , Fialová Lucie , Plášek Vítězslav
Published: April 2016

Sporophytes were for the first time recorded in three populations of Dicranum tauricum in the Czech Republic. Until now, such records were extremely scarce in Central Europe. Two populations observed concurrently at nearby localities were found in markedly different phenophases, whereas two populations observed at different localities in spring and autumn seemed to develop synchronously. The sporophytes are illustrated with conventional and SEM photography.
Ethical Textile Consumption: Only a Question of Selflessness?
Authors: Frank Ronald , Unfried Matthias , Schreder Regina , Dieckmann Anja
Published: April 2016

When it comes to purchase decisions for fair-trade clothing, there seems to be a gap between actions and words. Only few people buy fair trade despite stating moral concerns. Based on a survey of German consumers and the results of a behavioral economic game, the article presents strategies to minimize the gap identified between the willingness to purchase and the moral standards that many consumers set for themselves.
The data suggests several consumer types and provides a few promising starting points for strategies that are not based on selflessness but rather generate more tangible benefits for the individual consumer groups. At least three of five consumer types or two-thirds of the consumers may constitute possible target groups according to the findings.
El recuerdo como un problema del espacio pictórico en los paisajes de Patricio Larrambebere
Authors: Fressoli María Guillermina
Published: April 2016

Este artículo busca reflexionar sobre la forma que adquiere la configuración del recuerdo en la pintura de Patricio Larrambebere, prestando particular atención a los paisajes urbanos que el artista produce durante los últimos años de la década de los noventa. A partir del análisis exhaustivo de estas pinturas busco dar cuenta de las tensiones que esta obras plantean a su contemporaneidad, por cuanto son producidas en un momento histórico signado por el desarrollo y expansión de una cultura neoliberal que reconfigura las prácticas y espacios de Buenos Aires y sus alrededores. En las obras seleccionadas se destaca un énfasis en la pintura como trabajo y registro documental, el progresivo repliegue de la representación de la figura humana y un proceso de abstracción que afecta a los paisajes urbanos que el artista elabora. Estos aspectos aportan a la constitución de una pintura de historia que se instala como acción de perdurabilidad frente a la desazón que produce la pérdida inminente de un espacio social y un sujeto histórico en crisis. En ese marco, el trabajo pictórico manifiesta un esfuerzo de retención/restitución de un espacio de experiencia, vinculado a los últimos destellos del Estado de Bienestar, que inexorablemente hacia fines de la década de los noventa se pierden. Esto explica la figuración cada vez más precaria que en el obrar del artista adquieren diferentes lugares emblemáticos para la memoria colectiva, como clubes, estaciones ferroviarias, cines, radios o galerías comerciales, entre otros.
Remembranza de la Escuela César Conto: transformaciones socioculturales, dolor y sufrimiento sobre el emblemático caso de Bojayá
Authors: Mosquera Carlos Enrique , Tique Bastos John Fredy
Published: April 2016

Este artículo es producto de una investigación cuyo objetivo consistió en comprenderlos relatos de algunos actores escolares de la comunidad de la Institución Educativa Departamental César Conto, Bojayá, Chocó, como un elemento relevante para la recuperación de su memoria colectiva sobre la masacre del2 de mayo de 2002. Para este fin, se utilizó como metodología la hermenéutica, dado que facilitó el entendimiento de las voces de los actores seleccionados. La investigación develó: 1) el sentido y significado de la masacre paralas personas objeto de estudio; 2) las afectaciones para el proceso educativo; 3) las transformaciones socioculturales para la escuela, el pueblo de Bojayá y sus alrededores; 4)las violaciones de los derechos humanos y derecho internacional humanitario; y 5) las responsabilidades del Estado, los actores armados, empresarios y latifundistas en el conflicto armado que se ha librado en esta parte del país.
Linear and Non-Linear Regression Models Assuming a Stable Distribution
Authors: Achcar Jorge A. , Lopes Sílvia R. C.
Published: April 2016

In this paper, we present some computational aspects for a Bayesian analysis involving stable distributions. It is well known that, in general, there is no closed form for the probability density function of a stable distribution. However, the use of a latent or auxiliary random variable facilitates obtaining any posterior distribution when related to stable distributions. To show the usefulness of the computational aspects, the methodology is applied to linear and non-linear regression models. Posterior summaries of interest are obtained using the OpenBUGS software.
Relación entre la Satisfacción Vital y otras Variables Psicosociales de Migrantes Colombianos en Estados Unidos
Authors: Murillo Muñoz Javier Alonso , Molero Alonso Fernando Jorge
Published: April 2016

Investigación cuantitativa que buscó establecer la relación entre la satisfacción vital (variable principal) y las variables autoestima personal, bienestar material percibido, prejuicio grupal percibido, discriminación personal percibida e identidad nacional, identificando cuáles, entre estas últimas, podían predecir la primera. La muestra, no probabilística, estuvo conformada por 171 colombianos, hombres y mujeres, residentes en Estados Unidos. Los resultados indicaron que la autoestima y el bienestar material percibido fueron las variables más estrechamente relacionadas con la satisfacción vital, siendo, además, las únicas predictoras positivas de esta. Las expresiones de prejuicio no impactaron significativamente la satisfacción vital, mientras que la identidad nacional presentó un impacto nulo.
Representaciones Sociales de la Historia Universal: Posicionamientos Diferenciales en Función de la Ideología Política, Religiosidad y Nacionalismo en una Muestra Argentina
Authors: Sosa Fernanda Mariel , Delfino Gisela Isabel , Bobowik Magdalena , Zubieta Elena Mercedes
Published: April 2016

Con el objetivo de analizar las representaciones sociales de la historia a través de los sentimientos que despiertan 24 personajes de la historia universal, se administró una versión modificada del cuestionario construido por Liu et al. (2005) a una muestra intencional (n=369) de Argentina (55.7% mujeres, medad=36.20, deedad=11.16). El análisis de conglomerados no jerárquico arrojó 4 grupos en función de la religiosidad, el nacionalismo y el posicionamiento ideológico de los participantes. Por su parte, del análisis de clúster jerárquico, en función de los sentimientos hacia los personajes, se desprendieron 2 conglomerados denominados héroes y villanos. Los personajes religiosos y políticos son los que mayor disenso suscitan.
Biopolímeros y su aplicación en medio ambiente
Authors: Ospina Sonia
Published: April 2016

Título en ingles: Biopolymers and its aplication on environment

El uso de empaques desechables ha hecho que en el mundo se generen millones de toneladas de desechos no biodegradables. Durante muchos años utilizamos empaques plásticos no degradables, derivados del petróleo. Tardíamente nos hemos dado cuenta de que de continuar con este ritmo de contaminación, muy pronto ocasionaremos daños irreparables al medio ambiente. Es por ello que todos los esfuerzos en torno a buscar alternativas al uso de empaques no biodegradables, son de gran importancia, con el fin de recuperar el medio ambiente dañado hasta ahora, así como prevenir el deterioro en adelante. En este sentido, la investigación en distintas áreas de la biotecnología ha permitido la obtención de empaques biodegradables producidos a partir de biopolímeros microbianos.

Los biopolímeros por su biodegradabilidad, procesos de manufactura ecoamigables y su vasto rango de aplicación, son alternativas importantes a productos no sustentables y pueden ser producidos a través de biorefinerías como parte de bioprocesos integrados (1). El desarrollo de los procesos fermentativos, junto con la obtención de microorganismos recombinantes sobre-productores de este tipo de compuestos, así como los adelantos en procesos de purificación, han permitido llevar a nivel industrial diferentes procesos para la obtención de biopolímeros.
Algunos aspectos sobre la cría controlada de Ascia monuste monuste (Lepidoptera: Pieridae: Pierinae) en el municipio de Arbeláez (Cundinamarca)
Authors: Peña-Bermúdez Y. A. , Rodríguez-Aguilar D.
Published: April 2016

Diferentes investigaciones han permitido conocer algunos aspectos del ciclo de vida de la mariposa Ascia monuste monuste(Linnaeus, 1764), mostrando su participación e impacto dentro del ecosistema que habita. Esta información a su vez permite generar pautas y definir posibles estrategias para establecer dentro de un contexto sostenible y viable su potencial zootécnico, debido que actualmente existen segmentos del mercado donde una especie como esta tiene participación. Un modelo de crianza fue establecido en un medio controlado y el medio natural, evaluando el efecto de las condiciones medio ambientales (temperatura y humedad relativa) y condiciones de manejo (plantas hospederas y nutricias, predadores y sobrevivencia en diferentes estadios. Bajo un medio controlado (Humedad relativa 72% y temperatura promedio 23 ºC), los especímenes se reprodujeron, siendo estas condiciones optimas para el desarrollo del ciclo biólgico de la especie. Se observó un mayor porcentaje de mortalidad CON, 42.8% vs NAT, 60.7%, P˂0.05 en el paso de huevo a larva. Sin encontrar diferencias en la sobrevivencia en los estadios de larva a pupa y de pupa a adulto. El medio CON mostro una menor mortalidad en el total del ciclo de vida frente al medio NAT (33.4% vs. 51.1% ), con una duración promedio del ciclo de vida en los medios CON y NAT de 26.2 y 27.2 días, respectivamente. De acuerdo a los resultados obtenidos en este trabajo, la cría de A. monuste monuste es viable bajo condiciones controladas.
Concepciones del profesorado de geografía e historia sobre la evaluación de los aprendizajes
Authors: Alfageme-González M. Begoña , Monteagudo Fernández José , Miralles Martínez Pedro
Published: April 2016

El presente artículo aborda la temática de la evaluación del aprendizaje a partir de las concepciones sobre dicho proceso que tiene el profesorado de Geografía e Historia de Educación Secundaria Obligatoria (ESO), en 31 centros educativos de la Región de Murcia de 22 localidades diferentes. Para llevar a cabo dicha investigación, desarrollada en la Región de Murcia (España), se empleó un cuestionario al que contestaron 103 profesores, más de una cuarta parte del conjunto del profesorado de Geografía e Historia de la Región de Murcia. Los resultados nos indican que para los docentes la finalidad de la evaluación de los aprendizajes de los alumnos se centra los objetivos de la institución escolar o centro educativo de secundaria en el que trabajan y como un servicio social, atendiendo a la comunidad educativa y al alumnado al que enseñan. Como conclusión, y a la luz de algunas de las respuestas halladas, sostenemos que es necesaria una mejora en la formación docente que permita implementar en el aula otras estrategias metodológicas e instrumentos de evaluación que acerquen a esta hacia posiciones más acordes a los últimos cambios legislativos.
Evaluación de las competencias en información y su relación con variables académicas en estudiantes de universidades mexicanas
Authors: Castillo de León Mónica Azucena , Méndez Hinojosa Luz Marina
Published: April 2016

El artículo presenta los resultados de una investigación sobre la evaluación de competencias en información a estudiantes de Instituciones de Educación Superior (IES) de México. La alfabetización informacional describe una serie de habilidades, relacionadas con la competencia en información. Al ser una investigación de corte cuantitativo, se utilizó la Evaluación de las Competencias en Información para Estudiantes Universitarios (ECI-EU) compuesta por 5 subescalas: Necesidad, Acceso, Evaluación, Uso y Ética de la Información, las cuales fueron desarrolladas para un estudio y se pretende analizar sus propiedades psicométricas en estudios posteriores. Se realizó un muestreo incidental con estudiantes de la carrera de Psicología y se aplicó este instrumento a 62 participantes. Producto del análisis de los resultados se encontró una adecuada confiabilidad de las subescalas de acuerdo con los valores del Alpha de Cronbach. En la Subescala, Uso de la Información, el 87.1% de los participantes puntúan por encima de la media, por lo contrario, en la Subescala Evaluación de la Información, el 61.3% de la muestra obtuvo puntajes bajos. En las 3 subescalas restantes se obtuvieron, mayormente, puntajes medios. Solo se encontró una relación significativa, la cual fue negativa entre la variable promedio general y la Subescala Evaluación de la Información.  
Retos del Convenio Europeo del Paisaje para introducir el paisaje en el sistema educativo
Authors: Ayuso-Álvarez Ana M. , Culqui Lévano Dante Roger , Moran Barroso Alberto
Published: April 2016

El Convenio Europeo del Paisaje (CEP), primer tratado internacional de desarrollo sostenible, en el que se define el paisaje como: “Una parte del territorio tal y como es percibida por la población, cuyo carácter resulta de la acción de factores naturales y/o humanos y de sus interrelaciones", surge ante la preocupación por la degradación sin precedentes del paisaje en Europa en la segunda mitad del siglo XX. El CEP reconoce en la educación como instrumento para la conservación del paisaje. El objetivo de esta investigación es comprobar el grado de interés y la viabilidad de incluir el paisaje en el sistema educativo. Para ello se realizaron entrevistas en profundidad a personas expertas en paisaje, cuestionarios a estudiantes y grupos de discusión a docentes. El estudio tuvo lugar en la Comunidad de Madrid (España). Entre los resultados cabe señalar la ausencia del componente identitario en la conceptualización del paisaje la falta de interés de los estudiantes por incluirlo en sus planes de estudio por considerar que no les facilitará su incorporación al mercado laboral y la inviabilidad para incluirlo en el sistema educativo por la resistencia que generaría entre el personal docente y la falta de recursos. Con base en estos resultados se recomienda dejar de introducir el paisaje como asignatura, sino hacerlo como parte del ambiente de aprendizaje y dentro del marco de las escuelas inclusivas, ya que es en este ámbito donde existe una mayor aproximación entre el objetivo del CEP y la práctica educativa. 
Sociocultural Theory and L2 Instructional Pragmatics R. A. van Compernolle (2014)
Authors: Garcia Frazier Elena
Published: April 2016

Sociocultural Theory and L2 Instructional Pragmatics R. A. van Compernolle (2014)
Moving toward a Supertheory for All Seasons
Authors: Karimi-Aghdam Saeed
Published: April 2016

Moving toward a Supertheory for All Seasons: Dialectical Dynamic Systems Theory and Sociocultural Theory – A Reply to McCafferty (2016)
CHANGES OF COMMUNICATIVE BEHAVIOUR IN ICT OF SENIORS IN THE CZECH REPUBLIC
Authors: CELER Čeněk , JÁNSKÁ Michaela
Published: April 2016

he aim of the article is an analysis of communicative behavior changes in ICT for people over 55 years of age in terms of psychological and demographic segmentation. To fulfill the article’s objective, a secondary data analysis was performed on the professional literature and studies dealing with this issue. As the primary data source there are used the results of a survey that examined the impact of ICTs on the behavior of seniors in the Ústecky Region of the Czech Republic. The survey takes into account the age, gender and social status of seniors. Most seniors trust television, 54% of respondents use the computer, which is primarily used to store information. Almost a quarter of respondents use a smart phone; 43% of respondents do not use the internet, it being mostly people within the group older than 66 years of age. More than a third of internet users from 55 up to 65 years of age are registered on social networks. The conclusions indicate that increasing age in older people and their social status have an impact on their attitude to ICT.
How prepared are we for a reservoir emergency?
Authors: Morris Gemma , Shakespeare Stephen
Published: April 2016

On average, there are three to four major dam incidents or accidents in the UK every year. It was reported in ‘New Civil Engineer’ (NCE) by reservoir engineers ‘that as many as four dams and reservoirs could be at risk from bursting every year’ (Anon, 2002). The Civil Contingencies Act 2004 provides a framework for organisations and authorities who plan for emergencies. It explains how these agencies should work together and identifies which organisations are responsible for responding to emergencies. However, it may be surprising to know that reservoir incidents and the potential consequences are rarely clearly understood among these agencies. How prepared are we for a major reservoir emergency? This paper will provide an overview of the emergency planning guidance relating to dams and reservoirs. It will discuss the requirement for ‘on-site’ and ‘off-site’ emergency plans and explains how Dwr Cymru Welsh Water are building and testing their own plans and the lessons learnt. General emergency planning legislation will be discussed. It will conclude with the ways in which engineers, undertakers, emergency planners and response organisations can work together effectively to develop emergency plans.
Problems and strategies of assistance to families having children with developmental impairments
Authors: Kabenina I.P.
Published: April 2016

The article provides an overview of foreign publications, reports and studies on the issue of assistance to families, having a child with developmental disorders. The starting point of the review is to support the author's position that the family having a child with special needs is a family in need. Therefore, the present studies shift their focus from children with impairments to assistance that can be provided to their families through development of families’ coping strategies and utilization of family’s strong points. Evidence of this new approach, presented in a number of studies, are strong arguments in favor of family-centered early intervention services and programs that use the cross-sectoral and multidisciplinary approaches, in which the family plays a central role.
Results of operation of scientific hardware «Space system of microacceleration compensation»
Authors: Semkin N. D. , Piyakov I. V.
Published: April 2016

The paper presents the results of an experiment using the Space system of microacceleration compensation (SSMC) scientific hardware. The SSMC hardware has been developed and manufactured at the Institute of Space Device Engineering of Samara State Aerospace University with the participation of the Joint Stock Company Space Rocket Center PROGRESS and operated on the Photon-M №4 spacecraft in the period from July 18 to September 1, 2014. The experiment is dedicated to collecting information about the values of the magnetic field of the Earth and compensating accelerations by comparing the measured values with the calculated values for IRGF model. Characteristics of the SSMC scientific hardware and the basic data obtained in the analysis of telemetry data are presented. An averaged picture of distribution of the magnetic field of the Earth during the experiment is obtained.
Influence of the suspension system on the accuracy of the aircraft modal testing results
Authors: Berns V. A. , Dolgopolov A. V. , Zhukov E. P. , Marinin D. A.
Published: April 2016

Modal testing is an efficient tool for checking and updating of computational dynamic models of aircraft. Test objects are fixed by special elastic suspension systems during the modal testing time. Stiffness characteristics of such systems are determined on the assumption that the impact of the suspension on the eigentones of elastic vibrations of a freely flying aircraft should not exceed the pre-arranged level. It is therefore considered that the vibration frequency of the structure as a rigid body on the suspension should be several times lower than the natural frequency of the first flexible mode. Besides, different sources recommend various ratios between these frequencies. As to the modal testing of large flexible space structures, the task of creating such a suspension becomes many times more difficult because such structures can have very low natural frequencies of flexible modes. The influence of the suspension system on the accuracy of the aircraft modal testing results manifests itself in two ways. On the one hand, the use of the suspension leads to an increase of all natural frequencies of the test object. On the other hand, the occurrence of modes of the object as a rigid body with non-zero frequencies leads to the aircraft phase resonance frequency shifts which determine the natural frequencies of flexible mode tones. The paper presents a technique for correcting an aircraft computational dynamic model taking into account the suspension system. The correction is based on the fact that the errors in measurement of displacements in modal tests (i.e. eigenmodes as well) are greater than the errors in determining natural frequencies by more than an order of magnitude. The effect of modes of an object as a rigid body on an elastic suspension system on the accuracy of determination of its natural frequencies, generalized masses and generalized damping factors of flexible modes is analyzed.
System approach to the choice of capacity of a high-speed radio data link for modern Earth remote sensing spacecraft
Authors: Kascheev A. A.
Published: April 2016

The main principles of choosing the capacity of a high-speed radio data link for modern Earth remote sensing spacecraft are discussed in the paper. The following points are taken into account: overfilling of the onboard memory storage device; duration of communication sessions between the spacecraft and the downlink point; the required bandwidth and the reliability of the radio data link. Mathematical restrictions for the conditions of the overflow of the on-board memory storage of target information and the amount of information transmitted to the downlink points during a communication session between the spacecraft and the downlink point are specified. An expression is proposed for the estimation of radio data link capacity on the basis of the Shannon formula with account for the energy relations for satellite communication links, the required width of the passband and the probability of data transmission error. The influence of the probability of the information transmission error and the main parameters of the radio signal (the speed of protective coding and the phase deviation) on the value of high-speed radio data link capacity is analyzed. Changes in radio data link capacity in retrospect for the years immediately ahead are analyzed in accordance with the predicted value of the required volume of space information of Earth remote sensing for radio data links of different reliability.
Mathematical model of angular motion of nanosatellites with inertial actuators
Authors: Moldabekov M. M. , Ahmedov D. S. , Elubaev S. A. , Sukhenko A. S. , Bopeev T. M. , Alipbayev K. A. , Mikhailenko D. L.
Published: April 2016

The problem of developing a nanosatellite attitude control system using three reaction wheels mounted along the main central axes of inertia is discussed in the paper. The law of controlling a nanosatellites attitude is based on a PD - controller. The stability of the process of controlling the nanosatellite attitude using the Lyapunov function method has been analyzed. It allows us to prove that the obtained control law provides the asymptotic stability of nanosatellite angular motion. Hereafter, the function of control voltage for electric motors of reaction wheels taking into account their specifications is obtained based on the developed mathematical model of reaction wheel dynamics. Numerical calculations of controlled angular motion have been carried out for the nanosatellite CubeSat3U with actuators on the basis of a commercial DC motor. Several cases of controlling the satellites rotation by different angles are considered in the course of the numerical experiments. The results of numerical experiments showed the adequacy of the developed mathematical model.
Ler de novo ou ler o novo? Práticas de leitura de crianças na biblioteca pública
Authors: Vilela Rafaela
Published: April 2016

Este trabalho discute a leitura intensiva como uma prática de leitura recorrente na infância. Por que as crianças desejam tão frequentemente ler histórias já conhecidas? Qual o significado e a importância de ler de novo? Trata-se de resultados de uma pesquisa de mestrado realizada em uma biblioteca pública com crianças entre 4 e 10 anos. Como estratégias metodológicas foram realizadas observações participantes, registros fotográficos, entrevistas semiestruturadas e conversas informais com as crianças frequentadoras do espaço. Os estudos de Bakhtin (1995, 2011), Benjamin (1994) e Vygotsky (1993) sustentam as concepções de linguagem e de sujeito, bem como as questões teórico-metodológicas de pesquisa. Para as discussões sobre leitura e infância buscou-se interlocução com os escritos de Chartier (1994, 2009), Corsino (2009, 2010), Larrosa (2002), Reyes (2012) e Yunes (1995, 2003). 
Effects of the Coreopsis tinctoria extracts on anti-agingin the aging model mice
Authors: Zhang Weixin , Hao Haiyan , Sha Ailong
Published: April 2016

The effects of the Coreopsis tinctoria extracts on anti-aging were observed by investigating the cerebral index and viscera indexes, the contents of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and malondialdehyde (MDA) in the serums, the activities of glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) in the brain tissues and the ones of catalase (CAT) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) in the liver tissues of the aging model mice. The aging model mice were injected subcutaneously with D-galactose in vivo and intragastric administrated with the Coreopsis tinctoria extracts at doses of low (0.5g/kg), medium (1g/ kg) and high (2g/ kg) once daily for 6 weeks. The results showed that all the cerebral index, spleen index, thymus index, liver index and kidney index of the three groups dosed of the Coreopsis tinctoria extracts increased, the activities of GSH-Px in the brain tissues and the ones of CAT and SOD in the liver tissues increased to different degree while the contents of H2O2 and MDA in the serums decreased extremely and significantly (P<0.01) compared with the aging model mice. All of these results suggested that the Coreopsis tinctoria extracts might possess anti-aging effects by improving antioxidant capacity of the mice.
Studies on growth pattern of different body measurements in indigenousAseel chicken fed with selenium supplemented diets
Authors: Zia Waseem Muhammad , Khalique Anjum , Naveed Saima , Hussain Jibran
Published: April 2016

The experiment to test the selenium impact on body measurements of Lakha, Mushki, Peshaweri and Mianwali varieties of Aseel was conducted. A total of 240 three-weeks-aged birds were selected and divided into four groups, 60 birds per variety (30 + 30 ). These birds were subdivided into three treatment groups A, B, and C with 10 birds from each sex. Birds of group A were fed the diet supplemented with 0.3 mg/kg Se-yeast, B with 0.3 mg/kg sodium selenite and C with No selenium. Improved body measurements in the birds fed Se-yeast included diet were recorded compared to those received sodium selenite incorporated or control diet. Interaction of varieties and selenium sources presented increased breast width, keel length, wing spread, shank length, shank circumference, drumstick length and drumstick circumference in the birds of Lakha got Se-yeast supplemented diet. The study concluded that Se-yeast was more effective in enhancing body measurements of Aseel.
Effects of probiotics dietary supplementation on growth performance, innate immunity and digestive enzymes of silver pomfret, Pampus argenteus
Authors: Gao Quanxin , Xiao Changfeng , Min Minghua , Zhang Chenjie , Peng Shiming , Shi Zhaohong
Published: April 2016

The effects of dietary probiotics on growth performance, innate immunity and digestive enzymes of silver pomfret were investigated. Compared to the control, diets supplemented with Bacillus subtilis, Lactobacillus plantarum and Clostridium butyricum caused significant improvements of growth performance, including final weight, weight gain, specific growth rate and feed conversion rate. A better growth performance among probiotic treatments was obtained in fish fed B. subtilis. To reveal the effects of these three probiotics on innate immunity of silver pomfret, lysozyme activity, SOD activity and IgM concentrations were examined. Results showed that silver pomfret fed diets containing C. butyricum, L. plantarum and B. subtilis had led to an enhanced innate response, notably higher lysozyme activity, SOD activity and IgM concentrations, as recorded after 30 and 60 days of feeding. In addition, study of different digestive enzymes viz lipase, protease and amylase activities showed significant higher values in fish fed the probiotic diets in comparison to the untreated group. These findings demonstrated that administration of C. butyricum, L. plantarum and B. subtilis can improve growth performance through enhanced immune response and digestive enzyme activity in silver pomfret. Furthermore, the B. subtilis is highly recommended as dietary probiotics in silver pomfret.
Performance of growing sheep on Azolla based diets
Authors: Ahmed H. A. , Ganai A. M. , Beigh Y. A. , Sheikh G. G. , Reshi P. A.
Published: April 2016

20 male Corriedale sheep (3 months of age) were divided into 5 equal groups viz, T1, T2, T3, T4 and T5 and fed on measured quantity of concentrate mixture containing 0, 6, 12, 18 and 24% azolla replacing 0, 25, 50, 75 and 100% linseed cake respectively. Measured quantity of good quality oat hay was offered to all the groups as per their body weight to meet their requirement. Highest body weight was observed in T1 group and it had no significant difference with T2 group, but it had significant difference with T3, T4 and T5 groups. T2 group had significant difference with T5 group, but with other groups it had no significant difference in final body weight. Lowest body weight was observed in T5 group but it had no significant difference with T3 and T4 groups. Highest DM digestibility was observed in T2 group and lowest DM digestibility was observed in T5. But no significant difference was observed in DM digestibility among the groups. Lowest FCR was observed in T1 (control) followed by T2 group and they had significant difference with T3, T4 and T5 group, but no significant difference was observed between T1 and T2 group. Lowest cost of feeding per kg of gain was observed in T2 group and it had significant difference with T3, T4 and T5 group but not with T1 group (control). No significant difference was also observed among T3, T4 and T5 group but significantly higher cost of feeding per kg of gain than T1 (control) group was observed in T3, T4 and T5 group. It was concluded that azolla can be added in the diet of growing sheep at 6% level replacing linseed cake without any adverse effect on the performance of the animals.
Genetic polymorphism in fecundity gene (FecG) among Indiansheep breeds Balangir, Shahabadi and Bonpala
Authors: Debnath Jowel , Singh Ran Vir
Published: April 2016

FecG (GDF9) is a member of the transforming growth factor-b (TGF- b) superfamily, have been shown to be essential for follicular growth and ovulation. Different mutations in FecG gene caused increased ovulation and infertility in sheep. The present study was designed for screening polymorphism of FecG gene in 250 selected ewes from different sheep flocks representing Balangir (100), Shahabadi (100) and Bonpala (50) by employing forced PCR-RFLP technique. Genomic DNA was extracted from the blood of Balangir, Shahabadi and Bonpala matured ewes with average litter size varying from 1.00± 0.00 to 1.14±0.02 at different parities. Digestion of FecG (GDF9) gene with DdeI restriction enzyme resulted into FecGHH homozygous genotype. In all three sheep breeds, genotypic frequencies of FecGHH were 100% and gene frequency of H allele was unity. This indicates that the FecG gene is fixed in the Balangir, Shahabadi and Bonpala population in the natural habitat. Litter size of Balangir and Bonpala sheep breeds were single but in Shahabadi sheep twin was recorded. In present study all the animals of three breeds were homozygous for FecG and there was no infertility observed in above mentioned breeds in field condition and organized farm, which is not in consonance with previous report. The observed effects could be caused by linkage disequilibrium with other nearby loci. The study revealed that FecG gene is not a reliable genetic marker for selection of high prolificacy in sheep.
Evaluation of sero-prevalence of toxoplasma gondii infection insheep using different immunodiagnostic methods
Authors: Niaz Sadaf , Ullah Rafi , Said Bahrawar , Shams Sumaira , Shahzadi Saba , Abd El-Salam Naser M. , Haleem Sumbul , Gul Naila , Ullah Riaz
Published: April 2016

The main aim of the present study was to investigate the seroprevalence of Toxoplasma gondii infection in sheep of seven different regions of District Dir (Lower), Pakistan. Lateral Flow Chromatographic Immunoassay (LFCI), Latex Agglutination Test (LAT) and Enzyme-Linked immunosorbentAssay (ELISA) were used for the detection of T.gondii infection in sheep.Out of 175 sheepsera samples analyzed, 72 (41.14%) were found positive for T. gondii antibodies. Overall prevalence in sheep indicated highest infection at Khall (48%), followed by Samarbagh (44%), LalQilla (44%), Adenzai (44%),Balambat (40%), Timergara (36%), and lowest in Munda (32%). The occurrence of T. gondii infection in older sheep was higher (48.42%) than younger ones (32.5%), indicating older sheep to be more susceptible to toxoplasmosis as compared to younger ones. The prevalence rate in female sheep was higher (42.4%) as compared to male sheep (38%). This study demonstrates that older female sheep have low immunity to toxoplasmosis. The present study showed that infected sheep might be a probable risk for human toxoplasmosis. Therefore, proper measures should be taken to control and avoid toxoplasmosis in sheep in this region.
“The Sisterhood is Watching”: Challenging Identity and Agency in Citizenship
Authors: Viczko Melody , McClean Anna
Published: April 2016

“The Garneau Sisterhood is watching”, warns an impromptu poster in the Garneau community, following a police warning for women to take safety precautions subsequent to announcements of a serial rapist in the area. In this context, tensions exist between the individual, the state and the collective. In this interpretivist study, we invoke the lens of feminist theory to examine the relationship between identity and agency in a collective conceptualization of the citizen. Through content analysis of a sampling of public media, we present the case of the Garneau Sisterhood to consider the relationship between collective identity and agency in challenging the constraints of individualist notions of citizenship. Finally, we argue that feminist citizenship education is needed to engage the notion of collective identity and agency as a source of empowerment for students, and other citizens, to raise issues of importance in the public sphere.
A Study on Urban Working Women’s Attitude towards Mutual Fund Investment in Jaipur District, Rajasthan
Authors: Chutani Ravisha , Purohit Harsh
Published: April 2016

During the past few years, stock market and mutual funds is the most attracted option to make investment. In today’s complex financial scenario, mutual funds are an ideal investment vehicle for women investors’ to diversify their portfolio of investment. A Mutual fund is an investment fund that pools money from many investors to purchase equities, bonds and other securities. It provides benefits to the investors of good return, less risk, liquidity, tax benefits, etc. The primary data has been collected using structured questionnaire and Secondary data has been collected from journals, books, reports, magazines and other published data’s. The main purpose of doing this research is to know about the Preference of urban working women towards various mutual fund schemes of Jaipur district, Rajasthan (India).Using Random sampling technique, sample size of 100 working women is taken having different demographic profiles. This study analyzes the impact of demographic factors on the women’s attitude towards investment in mutual funds.
Como promover a desospitalização devido ao transplante de órgãos sólidos? Panorama atual no Brasil e profilaxia da infecção pelo citomegalovírus com valganciclovir
Authors: Rufino Camila , Carlini Daniela , Alves Marcia , Kim Hellen
Published: April 2016

Objetivo: O estudo teve o objetivo de avaliar o panorama dos transplantes de órgãos sólidos (TOS) no Brasil e compreender as diferenças entre a profilaxia oral com valganciclovir e o tratamento preemptivo intravenoso com ganciclovir em pacientes de alto risco para desenvolvimento da doença pelo citomegalovírus (CMV) (D+/R-), e seu potencial impacto na desospitalização. Métodos: Por meio do Sistema de Informações Hospitalares do SUS (SIH/SUS), uma análise retrospectiva foi realizada para avaliar os principais centros de transplantes brasileiros e obter os TOS realizados em 2014. Os cálculos foram baseados na permanência hospitalar média por TOS, tempo de internação para cada abordagem farmacológica e número de pacientes D+/R-. A permanência hospitalar para tratamento preemptivo e profilaxia foram baseadas em diretrizes de uma instituição brasileira de referência. A taxa de infecção de CMV foi obtida de uma revisão da literatura. O desenvolvimento da doença pelo CMV após tratamento preemptivo ou profilaxia não foi considerado. Resultados: Em 2014, os centros de transplante avaliados realizaram um total de 6.912 TOS. O valganciclovir profilático proporcionou anualmente 21 dias a menos de hospitalização por paciente. A partir da relação do valor incremental (21 dias) entre a utilização de ganciclovir e valganciclovir e a média geral de permanência hospitalar no SUS para qualquer procedimento (5,6 dias), sugere-se que 3,75 novas internações por qualquer causa poderiam ocorrer por cada paciente em profilaxia. Conclusão: O valganciclovir profilático para pacientes D+/R- submetidos a TOS é potencialmente capaz de promover a desospitalização, permitindo maior comodidade ao paciente transplantado e utilização racional de recursos pela instituição.
UPAYA PERLINDUNGAN HUKUM PEMENANG LELANG SEBAGAI PEMBELI BERITIKAD BAIK TERHADAP PUTUSAN RE-EKSEKUSI
Authors: Faisal Muhammad
Published: April 2016

Tulisan ini membahas mengenai upaya perlindungan hukum terhadap pembeli beritikad baik, khususnya pembeli beritikad baik dari pemenang lelang dalam suatu putusan eksekusi ulang (re-eksekusi). Kepastian hukum pembeli beritikad baik dapat terganggu oleh adanya putusanre-eksekusi dimana terjadi eksekusi ulang objek yang pernah dieksekusi sebelumnya dengan putusan yang berkekuatan hukum tetap dan telah dipindahtangankan yang kemudian dieksekusi lagi dengan putusan lain yang berkekuatan hukum tetap. Upaya perlindungan hukum pembeli beritikad baik dapat dilakukan dengan kewajiban menggugat pembeli beritikad baik sebelum mengeksekusi objek, melalui perlawanan terhadap penetapan eksekusi serta melalui permohonan perlindungan hukum. Permohonan perlindungan hukum merupakan bentuk perlindungan hukum yang memerlukan perhatian lebih terhadap adanya putusan re-eksekusi. Hasil penelusuran kasus menemukan bahwa Mahkamah Agung dalam memberikan perlindungan hukum terhadap pembeli beritikad baik, dapat melaksanakan fungsi pengawasannya dengan mengeluarkan penetapan yang menganulir putusan yang telah berkekuatan hukum tetap dalam rangka memperbaiki kesalahan hakim terdahulu dan memberikan kepastian hukum kepada pembeli beritikad baik.Tulisan ini membahas mengenai upaya perlindungan hukum terhadap pembeli beritikad baik, khususnya pembeli beritikad baik dari pemenang lelang dalam suatu putusan eksekusi ulang (re-eksekusi). Kepastian hukum pembeli beritikad baik dapat terganggu oleh adanya putusanre-eksekusi dimana terjadi eksekusi ulang objek yang pernah dieksekusi sebelumnya dengan putusan yang berkekuatan hukum tetap dan telah dipindahtangankan yang kemudian dieksekusi lagi dengan putusan lain yang berkekuatan hukum tetap. Upaya perlindungan hukum pembeli beritikad baik dapat dilakukan dengan kewajiban menggugat pembeli beritikad baik sebelum mengeksekusi objek, melalui perlawanan terhadap penetapan eksekusi serta melalui permohonan perlindungan hukum. Permohonan perlindungan hukum merupakan bentuk perlindungan hukum yang memerlukan perhatian lebih terhadap adanya putusan re-eksekusi. Hasil penelusuran kasus menemukan bahwa Mahkamah Agung dalam memberikan perlindungan hukum terhadap pembeli beritikad baik, dapat melaksanakan fungsi pengawasannya dengan mengeluarkan penetapan yang menganulir putusan yang telah berkekuatan hukum tetap dalam rangka memperbaiki kesalahan hakim terdahulu dan memberikan kepastian hukum kepada pembeli beritikad baik.
PENGETAHUAN HUKUM KONSTITUSI MENJADI ILMU HUKUM KONSTITUSI
Authors: Riyanto Astim
Published: April 2016

Pengetahuan konstitusi (constitution) secara intensif telah muncul sejak abad ke-4 sebelum Masehi. Hal itu dimulai dengan penyelidikan oleh Aristoteles/Aristotle (384-322 sebelum Masehi) mengenai konstitusi (politeia) terhadap 158 negara kota (polis) dari 186 negara kota (polis) di zaman Yunani kuno yang berjaya dari abad ke-6 sebelum Masehi sampai dengan abad ke-2 sebelum Masehi. Hasil penyelidikan Aristoteles/Aristotle tersebut dituangkan dalam bukunya Politica (Politics). Pengetahuan konstitusi berubah menjadi pengantar studi hukum konstitusi oleh Prof. Albert Venn Dicey (1835-1922) yang dituangkan dalam bukunya An Introduction to Study of The Law of The Constitution (1885). Pada tahun 2007 oleh Astim Riyanto di depan suatu komunitas akademisi di suatu universitas di Indonesia, yang dituangkan dalam suatu makalah, dideklarasikan hukum konstitusi (the law of the constitution) menjadi ilmu hukum konstitusi (science of the law of the constitution). Pendeklarasian hukum konstitusi menjadi ilmu hukum konstitusi dipimpin oleh pakar Hukum Tata Negara Indonesia Sri Soemantri Martosoewignjo.Pengetahuan konstitusi (constitution) secara intensif telah muncul sejak abad ke-4 sebelum Masehi. Hal itu dimulai dengan penyelidikan oleh Aristoteles/Aristotle (384-322 sebelum Masehi) mengenai konstitusi (politeia) terhadap 158 negara kota (polis) dari 186 negara kota (polis) di zaman Yunani kuno yang berjaya dari abad ke-6 sebelum Masehi sampai dengan abad ke-2 sebelum Masehi. Hasil penyelidikan Aristoteles/Aristotle tersebut dituangkan dalam bukunya Politica (Politics). Pengetahuan konstitusi berubah menjadi pengantar studi hukum konstitusi oleh Prof. Albert Venn Dicey (1835-1922) yang dituangkan dalam bukunya An Introduction to Study of The Law of The Constitution (1885). Pada tahun 2007 oleh Astim Riyanto di depan suatu komunitas akademisi di suatu universitas di Indonesia, yang dituangkan dalam suatu makalah, dideklarasikan hukum konstitusi (the law of the constitution) menjadi ilmu hukum konstitusi (science of the law of the constitution). Pendeklarasian hukum konstitusi menjadi ilmu hukum konstitusi dipimpin oleh pakar Hukum Tata Negara Indonesia Sri Soemantri Martosoewignjo.
PERANAN APARAT PENEGAK HUKUM DALAM PELANGGULANGAN TERORISME DI INDONESIA
Authors: Wiriadinata Wahyu
Published: April 2016

Tujuan asli dari hukum adalah untuk mencapai keadilan. Untuk pencapaian keadilan di masyarakat, order terlebih dahulu harus dibuat. Gangguan dan kekacauan dapat dihasilkan dari gerakan terorisme. Saat ini, gerakan terorisme di Indonesia meningkat, baik dalam frekuensi dan akselerasi. Bahkan, sudah ada undang-undang yang menyediakan untuk pemberantasan kejahatan terorisme, yaitu Undang-Undang Nomor 15 Tahun 2003. UU telah berlaku sejak 2003 dan dilaksanakan oleh penegak hukum Indonesia, khususnya Kepolisian Indonesia. Namun, karena beberapa kendala psikologis dan teknik yuridis, penanganan kejahatan terorisme belum berhasil secara optimal. Secara umum, peran penegak hukum belum efektif dan optimal belum dalam mencegah terorisme di Indonesia, karena gerakan terorisme tidak hanya gerakan lokal tapi juga jaringan internasional dengan menggunakan teknologi tinggi, dan gerakan terorisme di Indonesia didasarkan pada ideologi fundamental, yaitu, Islam. Oleh karena itu, tidak bisa didekati oleh paradigma represif dan pendekatan yuridis, melainkan harus dilengkapi dengan pendekatan psikologis dan sosiologis-agama. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah metode yuridis normatif, dan itu ditulis oleh seorang metode deskriptif-analitis. Tujuan dari makalah ini adalah sebagai kontribusi untuk ilmu hukum dan masyarakat luas.