bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ALİ BİN İSHAK’IN BÂHNÂMESİNDE FİİL ÇEKİMLERİ VE YAPILARI
Authors: ADIGÜZEL Ahmet
Published: May 2021

Bâh-nâmeler’in ana teması, konusu ve fikir yapısı, sağlıklı bir cinsellik, cinsel hastalıklar ve bu hastalıkların tedavisi için geleneksel çözüm arayışlarıdır. Bu eserler, içerdiği cinsel bilgilerin yanında ayrıca genel sağlık ve genel sağlıkla ilişkili olan bilim disiplinlerini de kapsayan birer genel sağlık ansiklopedileridir. Bāh-nāmeler, aslında geleneksel tedavi yöntemlerinin bilimsel tedavi yöntemlerine uyarlanmasıdır. Bu eserler, ayrıca cilt bakımı ve beden temizliğinin yaşam için gerekliliğini ve önemini de değerlendirmektedir. Genel ve cinsel sağlık alanlarında birçok bilim disiplinin malzemesini, unsurlarını barındıran bâh-nâmeler özellikle dil açısından da oldukça önemli ve zengin bir malzemeyle yazılmıştır. Bâh-nâmeler, Eski Türk dil unsurların yanında dil gelişim seyrini izleme açısından önemli eserler, kaynaklardır. Yaşam kalitesinin artması, ekonomik, sosyokültürel ilerlemeler, gelişmeler ve toplumsal değişimler konuşurların ölçünlü dillerinin ve dil gelişimine ve oluşmasına yardımcı olur. Teknoloji ve bilimde ilerleme, beraberinde bir dil zenginliği getirir. Fiiller, hareket, oluş, durum ve tavır bildiren yapılardır. Yapılan yeni icatlar, keşifler ve kullanılan yeni kavramlar, fiilleri daha işlevsel hale getirir ve cümlenin anlam yükünü taşıyan fiillerin çekimini daha önemli kılar. Türkçedeki kelimeler yapı, köken ve özellikleri bakımından üç temel birim olarak değerlendirilir: isimler, fiiller ve edatlar. Her ne kadar Banguoğlu ve Jean Deny gibi bazı dilbilimciler ünlem ve bağlaçları edattan ayrı yapılar olarak ele almışlarsa da Türk dilindeki kelime yapılarının tabii tasnifi açısından: 1. İsimler (Sıfatlar, zamirler ve zarflar) 2. Fiiller, 3. Edatlar (Bağlaçlar ve ünlemler) olarak üç ana bölümde toplanmaktadır. Türkçe fiil zengini bir dildir. Fiillerin haber ve dilek kipleri çekimleri ve bu zenginliği işlevsel hale getiren bir diğer husus fiil çekiminin esnekliğidir. Fiillerden türetilen fiilimsiler (Sıfat-fiil ve zar-fiiller cümle içerisinde geçici kelimeler üretir.) yüklem olarak kullanılabildiği gibi bir fiil çekime girdiğinde; fiilin kendisi, biçim ve zaman, şahıs unsurlarıyla çekimli fiil yapısını oluşturur. Çekimli fiiller cümlenin anlam bölümünü oluşturur. Fiil çekimi Türkçe cümle yapısında en az dört unsuru karşılar: hareket, biçim, zaman ve kişi. Cümlenin aslî unsuru olan çekimli fiil, tek başına cümlede ifade edilmek istenen anlamı taşıyabilir. Fiil çekimleri Türkçeye sonsuz anlam kazandırabilmektedir. Türkçede fiillerin yapıları incelendiğinde onları yapısal olarak da bir tasnife tabi tutmak gerekir: Kök fiiller, Türemiş fiiller ve Birleşik fiiller. Bu fiil yapıları da anlam içeriklerine göre farklılıklar teşkil etmektedirler: Hareket, iş oluş ve tavır bildirenler vd. Bâh-nâmede geçen fiiller tespit edilerek bu fiiller, hem çekimleri hem de yapıları bakımından incelendi
SURİYELİ GÖÇMENLERİN TÜRKÇE ÖĞRETİMİ ÜZERİNE BİR DEĞERLENDİRME
Authors: ŞAFAK Ahmet
Published: May 2021

Savaş dolayısıyla ülkelerini terk etmek zorunda kalan Suriyeli göçmenler, gelmiş oldukları Türkiye topraklarında farklı bir yaşam tarzı, farklı kültür ve farklı bir dil ile karşı karşıya kalmaktaydı. Can güvenliği konusunda güvenli bir liman olan Türkiye’de kalmak ve temel ihtiyaçlarını karşılamak için Türkçe öğrenmenin zorunlu olduğu kaçınılmazdı. Suriyelilerin dil sorununu çözmek problemlerin çözümü için atılan en etkili adım olacaktır. Çünkü bir bireyin diline yabancı olduğu bir toplumda yaşamını sürdürebilmesi ve bu topluma uyum sağlayabilmesi için ilk olarak o toplumun dilini öğrenmesi öncelikli koşuldur. Suriyelilerin dil öğrenme ihtiyaçlarının tespit edilmesi ve öğretimin bu ihtiyaçlardan hareketle hazırlanacak olan programlara uygun olarak yürütülmesi Suriyeli göçmenlerin Türkiye’deki hayata uyum sağlaması ve kültürlenmesi açısından önem taşımaktadır
رثاء الأخ بين الخنساء وفَدوى طُوقان
Authors: محمد علي باكير
Published: May 2021

يُعدُّ الرّثاء، لاسيّما رثاء الإخوة، من الأغراض الشعريّة الأصيلة التي لا تَبلَى في الشّعر العربي قديمه وحَديثه. فالأخ تارةً يكون قاتلاً كأحد ابني آدم عليه السلام، وتارة يكون ماكِراً كإخوة يُوسُف عليه السّلام، وتارة يكون عَضُداً وسَنداً، وهذا هو الغالب كهارونَ عليه السَّلام. وإذا حَصَد الموتُ رُوحَ الأخ، كان الحدَث جَلَلاً يُذرِفُ الدُّموعَ، ويُحرِّك قَرائحَ الشُّعراء الأقرباء لاسيّما الأخوات اللواتي يَريْن في الأخ السَّنَد المفقود، والعَزيز الرَّاحل. وكثيرٌ من الشَّواعر العربيّات منذ الجاهليّة إلى الآن رَثينَ إخوتَهُنَّ، وتأتي الخَنساءُ في مُقدِّمتهنّ في العصر الجاهليّ، ولها في ذلك شعرٌ غزير، وفَدوَى طُوقان في العصر الحديث. وتَهدِفُ الدِّراسة إلى ربط الماضي بالحاضر بدراسة هذا الموضوع عند هاتين الشَّاعرتين، وعَقْدِ مقارَنة بين بَعضِ نتاجهما الشِّعريّ في هذا الموضوع مع ملاحَظة تأثير الفوارق الزّمانيّة، والمكانيّة، وظُروف مَقتل صخرٍ أخِ الخَنساء، ووفاة إبراهيم أخِ فَدوى طُوقان. فالبحثُ تقصَّى الدَّوافع الكامنة وراء هذا الرِّثاء المركَّز للأخ في شِعرَيْهِما، وأَبرزَ المعاني المشتَركة بينهما، وقَدَّم نَماذج أدبيّة، وبلاغيّة طريفة، وبَديعة لهما في رثاء الأخ. فالبحثُ اعتمدَ المَنهجَ الوصفيَّ القائم على وصف هذه الظاهرة في شعريهما منتقياً الأبيات التي تَخدُم هدف البحث، واستند أيضاً على المنهج التَّحليلي لموقف الشَّاعرتين، وأحاسيسهما، ودوافعهما، وسعى إلى استنتاج، واستنباط أهمّ المعاني المشتركة بينهما، أو المبتكَرة عندهما أو عند إحداهما. وخُتِمَ البحثُ بالنتائج والتَوصيات التي أَفرزتها الدِّراسةُ
RADYONUN TOPLUMSAL KABULÜ VE DEĞİŞEN GÜVEN DUYGUSU: “TÜCCAR OYUNU” ÖRNEĞİ
Authors: ÇELİKTEN Hakan
Published: May 2021

Toplumun sosyo-kültürel hayatında yaşanan değişim, bireylerin hayata bakış açsını da etkilemektedir. Daha çok sözün hâkim olduğu toplumsal düzende ağızdan çıkan her bir kelime son derece önem arz ederken; yazılı kültürün hâkim olduğu yaşayış tarzında artık yazılı metinler esas kabul edilir hâle gelmiştir. Bu durum, bize yazının hakimiyetiyle birlikte toplumun güven duygusunda yaşanan değişimi göstermektedir. Yazılı kültürü takip eden ve günümüz dünyasının şekillendiren elektronik kültür ortamında ise bu kültür ortamına ait araçların sunmuş olduğu içerik, toplumunda yeniden bir güven inşasına yol açmıştır. Bu araçların başında gelen radyo, Anadolu coğrafyasına çok hızlı bir şekilde yayılmış ve toplumun bu yeniliği kabulü ile radyonun sunmuş olduğu içeriklere güven yan yana ilerlemiştir. Öyle ki belirli bir zaman sonra radyoda sunulan bilgiye göre doğru ve yanlış ayrımı yapılır hâle gelmiştir. Toplumda yaşanan böylesi bir değişimi ilgili toplumun içerisinden çıkan ürünlerde takip etmek mümkündür. Bu bildiride “Tüccar Oyunu” adlı köy seyirlik oyunu incelenerek radyonun toplumsal kabulü ve buna bağlı olarak Anadolu’nu en kırsal yerinde gerçekleşen değişim görülmeye çalışılacaktır
Analisis Kepatuhan Sustainbility Reporting PT. Aneka Tambang, Tbk. Berdasarkan GRI Standards, AA1000AP dan AA1000AS
Authors: Gunawan Prayogo , Meiden Carmel
Published: May 2021

Dampak kegiatan dari kegiatan operasional Perusahaan dapat memiliki pengaruh yang beragam. Hal ini akan menunjukan perhatian dan kesadaran Perusahaan terhadap seluruh pemangku kepentingan bahwa dalam pencapaian tujuan yaitu laba yang maksimal akan berdampak pada sosial dan lingkungan. Maka pembangunan berkelanjutan diupayakan untuk pemenuhan kelangsungan hidup generasi sekarang tanpa mengancam kelangsungan hidup untuk generasi mendatang dengan memperhatikan keseluruhan aspek. Hal ini tercermin dalam kepatuhan Perusahaan dalam sustainbility reporting yang sesuai dengan standar-standar yang berlaku, yaitu seperti GRI Standards, AA1000AP dan AA1000AS. Dengan menggunakan metode purposive sampling, sampel penelitian dari Perusahaan pertambangan yaitu PT. Aneka Tambang, Tbk. yang terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia pada periode 2017-2019. Hasil Penelitian menunjukan bahwa secara keseluruhan PT. Aneka Tambang, Tbk. telah mematuhi pengungkapan sesuai dengan standar-standar tersebut.
Strategi Pemasaran Dalam Meningkatkan Omset Penjualan Pada Kafe Tukuh Kopi Surabaya
Authors: Ishak Ach. Maulana , Farida Siti Ning
Published: May 2021

Tukuh Kopi Surabaya merupakan salah satu usaha di bidang kafe atau food and baverage sebagai objek penelitian ini. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui dan mengalisis strategi bauran pemasaran (marketing mix) dalam meningkatkan omset penjualan pada Kafe Tukuh Kopi Surabaya.
Metode penelitian yang digunakan ini adalah metode deskriptif kualitatif dengan menggunakan metode analisis SWOT dan teknik pengumpulan data melalui wawancara mendalam, observasi, dan dokumentasi yang berkaitan dengan strategi bauran pemasaran (marketing mix) yang meliputi produk, harga, promosi dan tempat dan tempat oleh peneliti dalam mengidentifikasi kekuatan,kelemahan,peluang dan ancaman dengan metode analisis SWOT pada kafe Tukuh Kopi Surabaya.
Berdasarkan penelitian ini didapatkan hasil IFAS dan EFAS yang menunjukan kekuatan dengan skor sebesar 3,25 dan kelemahan dengan skor sebesar 0,50. Sedangkan hasil EFAS menunjukan peluang dengan skor sebesar 2,00 dan ancaman dengan skor sebesar 1,05. Berdasarkan diagram Analisis SWOT, kafe Tukuh Kopi Surabaya menunjukan pada diagram I dengan mengunakan strategi SO yaitu perusahaan memiliki peluang dan kekuatan sehingga dapat memanfaatkan peluang yang ada sehingga strategi yang dapat diterapkan adalah mendukung pertumbuhan kebijakan yang agresif (growth oriented strategy) untuk meningkatkan omset penjualan pada kafeTukuh Kopi Surabaya.
Rancang Bangun Sistem Permintaan Dana Perpanjangan Pajak dan Uji KIR Kendaraan Berbasis Web
Authors: Asworowati Ratih Dwi
Published: May 2021

Sistem permintaan dana untuk proses perpanjangan pajak dan uji KIR kendaraan yang berjalan di perusahaan saat ini masih manual sehingga menyebabkan lambatnya proses kegiatan yang berjalan. Kegiatan yang dimulai dari pengecekan data STNK dan KIR, proses permintaan dana, pengembalian dana, sampai pembuatan laporan masih tergolong manual. Penerapan sistem saat ini merupakan masalah bagi perusahaan karena dalam proses perpanjangan pajak dan KIR sering terkena denda karena pencarian data kendaraan dilakukan secara manual sehingga data kendaraan yang akan diperpanjang sering terlewatkan. Oleh karena itu perusahaan memerlukan sistem informasi yang dapat menangani masalah tersebut sehingga perusahaan tidak membayar denda saat memperpanjang. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk meneliti sistem permintaan dana untuk proses perpanjangan pajak dan uji KIR kendaraan dan mengajukan sistem permintaan dana baru berbasis web, yang diharapkan kedepannya bisa lebih efektif dan efisien. Dalam penelitian ini penulis menggunakan metode prototipe.
Strategi Pemasaran Dalam Meningkatkan Volume Penjualan Pada CV. Karya Perdana Jombang
Authors: Khumairoh Adena , Farida Siti Ning
Published: May 2021

Penelitian dilakukan pada CV. Karya Perdana Jombang perusahaan yang bergerak dibidang industri pembuatan tahu. Masalah yang terjadi adalah banyaknya competitor dibidang sejenis. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah metode deskriptif dengan pendekatan kualitatif. Teknik pengambilan data menggunakan data observasi dan wawancara yang berkaitan dengan strategi pemasaran meliputi produk, harga, tempat, dan promosi yang digunakan untuk mengidentifikasi kekuatan, kelemahan, peluang dan ancaman dengan metode analisis SWOT. strategi pemasaran yang dapat diterapkan berdasarkan analisis factor internal dan eksternal yaitu (1) Mempertahankan dan meningkatkan kualitas produk karena CV. Karya Perdana sudah lama berdiri; (2) Mempertahankan keunggulan perusahaan dengan memiliki karyawan yang banyak dan tempat luas sehingga proses produksi dan distribusi berjalan lebih cepat; (3) Mempertahankan hubungan baik antar pengusaha tahu; (4) Saluran distribusi pendek membuat produk lebih cepat sampai ke konsumen; (5) Memberi kepercayaan kepada orang lain untuk mengelola usaha dengan membuka cabang pabrik di daerah lain.Hasil penelitian menunjukkan CV. Karya Perdana mempunyai kekuatan yang dapat digunakan semaksimal mungkin dan memanfaatkan peluang yang ada.
Sistem Pendukung Keputusan Pemilihan Karyawan Terbaik Menggunakan Metode Technique For Order Of Preference By Similarity To Ideal Solution (Topsis)
Authors: Efendi Dwi Marisa , Afandi Asep , Rustam Rustam , Rahmatullah Sidik , Mintoro Sigit , Supriyanto Supriyanto , Faselia Reni
Published: May 2021

Karyawan merupakan suatu faktor yang sangat penting dalam keberlangsungan suatu organisasi. Karyawan yang berkualitas akan memudahkan suatu organisasi dalam mencapai tujuannya. Oleh karena itu, untuk memacu dan meningkatkan kinerja Karyawan agar lebih rajin dan semangat untuk bekerja lebih baik lagi, maka sebuah organisasi atau perusahan dapat memberikan penghargaan kepada para karyawan yang dianggap memiliki kinerja terbaik oleh perusahaan tersebut.Metode Technique for Order of Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution (TOPSIS)dengan menggunakan aplikasi Borland Delphi 7, dan dengan menggunakan metode pengembangan sistem yaitu waterfall. Sehingga akan menghasilkan sebuah pengambilan keputusan calon karyawan terbaik secara terkomputerisasi dengan cara yang lebih efektif dan tidak menurut sudut pandang saja, atau kepada karyawan yang memiliki kedekatan hubungan tertentu dengan kepala kantor pos kuningan.Sistem perhitungan menggunakan metode topsis dalam menggunakan borland delphi 7 dengan sampel 10 data karyawan. Dan dengan menggunakan 6 kriteria yaitu pendidikan, absensi, masakerja, kedisiplinan,kerjasama dan pelayanan. Maka dari perhitungan tersebut didapat hasil ranking satu tertingi yaitu Tita Kurniati dengan hasil nilai 0,6916 dan mendapat hasil nilai error 0,034.
A Simple Technique for Image-Guided Excision of Non-Palpable Breast Lesions without Needle Localisation in a Low-Resource Environment – a Preliminary Report of 10 Patients
Authors: Ali Jameel
Published: May 2021

Focus on early diagnosis of non-palpable breast cancers has frequently led to expensive interventions that are more challenging in low-resource environments. We examined the use of a simple, inexpensive technique more suited for these environments, presenting preliminary data on its applicability.

In 10 consecutive patients with radiologically suspicious non-palpable breast lesions, we used skin markers and breast reference points generated through ultrasound images and clinical orientation to guide location of surgical incisions for excising these lesions in the operating room. This resulted in accurate localisation and complete excision of these lesions without the need for more sophisticated, expensive interventions, making this technique potentially more applicable in low-resource environments, such as ours.
Water Extract of Dragon Fruit Peel Catalyzed Synthesis of Dihydropyridines By Hantzsch Condensation
Authors: Saifan Abdulfatah Abdullah Abdu , Al-horaibi Sultan Abduh
Published: May 2021

Nowadays, natural substances are increasingly used in organic synthesis for their safety aspects towards the environment.  That is why we identified a natural substance through which it promoted the organic reaction, and it could be sustainable and from plant sources obtained, and through this natural substance, it promotes the synthesis of dihydropyridine and its derivatives under solvent-free conditions.  We have resorted to this method, being economical, free of minerals and solvents, to create highly functional dihydropyridine derivatives. It is promoted by the water extract of dragon Fruit (WED) at a temperature of (800C) . these (WED) promoted reactions are found to afford high yield for the  desired products and this method is  Protocol an alternative to the current procedures.
Liberdade e autoridade na razão estatal: uma análise da lei estadual do Ceará 16.832 de 14 de janeiro de 2019
Authors: Siqueira Natércia Sampaio , Almeida Davi Everton
Published: May 2021

O presente artigo questiona a tolerância a conteúdos discursivos incompatíveis com a axiologia democrática, em especial no âmbito das manifestações estatais. Traz-se à análise duas manifestações estatais distintas, a do Governo Bolsonaro, a determinar às forças armadas as comemorações pelo dia 31 de março, e a lei do Estado do Ceará, a proibir que se dê o nome de pessoas ligadas à ditadura a ruas e prédios públicos, ocasião na qual se perquire acerca da possibilidade indistinta das duas manifestações. Para tanto, inicia-se com o paralelo entre autoridade e liberdade, mediante pesquisa bibliográfica com marco teórico em Kant e Hegel. Avança-se a pesquisa, agora sobre a obra de Hannah Arendt, no propósito de testar a hipótese de o diálogo ser prática apta à conciliação entre autoridade e liberdade, quando se levantam problemas concretos à vigência efetiva de uma prática política dialógica. Diante dos obstáculos levantados, busca-se em Rawls a distinção entre razão pública e privada, bem como os seus distintos campos de aplicação, para concluir: embora a razão privada se aplique aos debates políticos, a pública, comprometida com a axiologia democrática, aplica-se às manifestações estatais, de forma que se possa reconhecer os traços distintivos de uma democracia.
Diálogos entre o Brasil e a Convenção Americana Sobre Direitos Humanos: análise jurisprudencial no Supremo Tribunal Federal (de 1992 a 2007)
Authors: Piovesan Flavia , Magnani Nathercia Cristina Manzano
Published: May 2021

Trata-se de artigo que expõe os resultados parciais de pesquisa em curso sobre o diálogo travado pelo Supremo Tribunal Federal com a Convenção Americana sobre Direitos Humanos, documento central do Sistema Interamericano de Direitos Humanos (por sua vez, o nosso sistema regional de proteção). A pesquisa de análise jurisprudencial foi feita diretamente no site do STF, mediante a utilização de metodologia devidamente esmiuçada. Os resultados gerados até o momento estampam a maneira como o diálogo entre os dois (STF e CADH) se deu nos quinze primeiros anos de vigência do documento no Brasil (1992-2007) nos seguintes pontos: incidência por ano, temas enfrentados, tipos de demanda, os artigos citados, as maneiras de nomear a Convenção Americana sobre Direitos Humanos; e, finalmente, o colegiado responsável pelo julgamento.
A regulação estatal de aspectos econômicos da mineração de dados em Big Data realizada pelos provedores de aplicação e a Lei Geral de Proteção de Dados Pessoais
Authors: De Almendra Freitas Cinthia Obladen , Ferreira Heline Sivini , Cavedon Ricardo
Published: May 2021

A mineração de dados e o Big Data proporcionam o tratamento de dados em contextos determinados, criando e moldando tendências em uma perene organização de complexas e dinâmicas relações sociais. A aplicação de tais técnicas faz com que o volume de dados se desvincule de sua origem e agregue características de realidade autônoma aos usuários individuais, visualizando-se nele um instrumento capaz de desequilibrar os pressupostos de uma economia de livre mercado e de gerar falhas nas relações econômicas a ponto de mitigar a livre concorrência. Por meio de método de pesquisa dedutivo e procedimento bibliográfico, apresenta-se a necessidade de estruturação e ampla proteção do meio ambiente digital com a regulação legislativa da atividade econômica de captação e tratamento de dados pelos provedores de aplicação, em especial as redes sociais, no intuito de diminuir ou eliminar as violações ao interesse social e metaindividual, tendo por base as diretrizes gerais e os princípios enunciadores da Lei Geral de Proteção dos Dados Pessoais (LGPD).
Previsão constitucional do direito social à saúde mental: novos caminhos para a Reforma Psiquiátrica brasileira
Authors: Barbosa-Fohrmann Ana Paula , Martins Laércio Melo
Published: May 2021

O objetivo do presente artigo é demonstrar, a partir da hermenêutica da Carta Política de 1988, a existência do direito fundamental social à saúde mental. Nesse sentido, o caminho percorrido na construção da argumentação jurídica apresentará aspectos históricos e institucionais do campo da saúde pública brasileira, em conformidade com os debates sanitários e a incorporação do Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS). Com o advento da Lei da Reforma Psiquiátrica (Lei n º10.216/01), norma jurídica de natureza infraconstitucional, institui-se a Política Nacional de Saúde Mental, que apresentou, de modo amplo, os cuidados no campo mental e o reforço político das normas constitucionais relativas aos direitos fundamentais civis e sociais para todos os cidadãos, inclusive as pessoas em sofrimento psíquico. Por fim, outro dispositivo jurídico no ordenamento pátrio, com status de Emenda Constitucional, que também ratifica a existência da categoria direito social à saúde mental, trata-se da Convenção Internacional dos Direitos das Pessoas com Deficiência (2006), que apresentou inúmeras alterações protetivas no sentido de promover a emancipação das pessoas com deficiência, inclusive mental, para a participação política.
La externalización de las fronteras en Australia y en la UE: derechos humanos y obligaciones extraterritoriales
Authors: Manero Salvador Ana
Published: May 2021

La externalización de la gestión de las fronteras es una práctica cada vez más extendida entre diferentes Estados. No existe un modelo único de externalización, sino que cada Estado ha ido implementado diferentes técnicas. Este trabajo se centra en la política de externalización diseñada por Australia y por la Unión Europea, en la medida en que son dos modelos claramente diferenciados, pero que tienen efectos en los derechos humanos de los migrantes. Si bien no cabe duda de que la externalización pretende situar el problema migratorio más allá de las fronteras de Australia y de la UE, no parece sencillo sustraerse de la responsabilidad internacional, en tanto que entran en juego las obligaciones extraterritoriales.
A justiça penal internacional e a África: a “africanização” do direito internacional penal
Authors: Marguerite Robichez Juliette Marie
Published: May 2021

As vicissitudes da justiça penal internacional (JPI) e, em particular, o pretendido “afrocentrismo” do Tribunal Penal Internacional (TPI), que concentraria suas atividades exclusivamente contra os ditadores africanos, são denunciadas de maneira recorrente. Se a jurisdição criminal de cunho universal, criada em 1998, não constitui a panaceia para condenar todos os dirigentes que cometem crimes internacionais, não podemos negar, todavia, o impacto positivo que ela já induziu: a sua finalidade não é julgar todos os carrascos do planeta, mas oferecer um paradigma de justiça imparcial e respeitosa das garantias processuais fundamentais e, dessa forma, estimular as jurisdições nacionais a endossar suas responsabilidades ao processar seus responsáveis por crimes de lesa-humanidade cometidos no seu território. Nesse sentido, o fato de os Estados africanos imaginarem alternativas regionais ao TPI pode ser considerado como uma contribuição positiva da JPI à luta contra a impunidade. Com a finalidade de estudar o novo fenômeno de "africanização" (no sentido definido por Achille Mbembe, de uma África percebida como laboratório vivo onde se delineiam as figuras do mundo vindouro) do direito internacional penal, realizou-se uma pesquisa bibliográfica, com enfoque na literatura africana, baseada em procedimentos metodológicos comparativos e históricos, guiada por uma abordagem dedutiva amparada, notadamente no estudo de tratados e de casos jurisprudenciais internacionais. A pesquisa utiliza o escopo da teoria da interdependência complexa, defendida por R. Keohane e J. Nye, que ressalta a relevância dos atores transnacionais para estudar e compreender as relações internacionais. O primeiro tópico será consagrado às contribuições e aporias dos tribunais criminais internacionais ad hoc, em particular o Tribunal Penal Internacional para Ruanda e o Tribunal penal para a Ex-Iugoslávia e ao TPI de cunho permanente, que provocaram o movimento de africanização da JPI. O segundo examinará uma das primeiras manifestações dessa regionalização do DPI, a saber, a criação das jurisdições criminais híbridas, como o Tribunal Especial para a Serra Leoa e as Câmaras Africanas Extraordinárias. O terceiro tópico abordará a relevância da tentativa de implantação de um tribunal penal internacional africano de caráter permanente, iniciativa que visa adaptar a JPI às particularidades e aos anseios do continente negro.
Increasing Reading Competence of Recount Text through Jigsaw Learning Model with Picture of “Sungai Kehidupan”
Authors: Pujiasih Erna
Published: May 2021

This research aims to increase reading ability of recount text. The research is done because only 43% students who passed reading test. Subject of research was 36 students in class of  XI IPS 2 SMA Negeri 1 Bantul. The are two cycles in conducting a classroom action. Every cycles consist of planning, action, observation, and reflection in jigsaw learning model. The data of research are observation, questioner, test and interview in understanding recount text with “sungai kehidupan” which is related to biography and historical recount through jigsaw learning model. Based on the test result obtained  increasing reading ability from 42% to 83%, response data of learning are 0.6% of students very agree, 80% agree and 9,4% disagree. From questioner, students can understand the text, enjoying, variety, effective, creative, cooperation, critical thinking, and fascinating in learning. This learning model is very useful for students so they can interest in studying, variety of teaching and suitable for teacher to teach recount text with “sungai kehidupan”.
Peningkatan Motivasi Melaksanakan Penelitian Tindakan Kelas bagi Guru Matematika SMK melalui Workshop
Authors: Giyarsih Giyarsih
Published: May 2021

Tujuan penelitian ini untuk meningkatkan motivasi guru dalam melaksanakan kegiatan penelitian tindakan kelas (PTK) melalui workshop agar guru semakin profesional, sehingga proses belajar mengajar menjadi lancar dan prestasi belajar siswa meningkat. Setelah mengetahui permasalahan ini, pengawas dapat mengoptimalisasi kompetensi guru melalui workshop bagi guru Matematika SMK Kabupaten Kulon Progo. Metode penelitian menggunakan Penelitian Tindakan Sekolah (PTS). Subyek penelitian adalah guru matematika binaan yang membutuhkan pendampingan intensif, pada tiga sekolah binaan di kabupaten Kulon Progo. Hasil penelitian yang diperoleh dari delapan guru binaan dapat disimpulkan bahwa workshop dan pembimbingan dapat meningkatkan pengetahuan guru tentang pengembangan profesi; meningkatkan motivasi guru untuk melakukan kegiatan pengembangan profesi; meningkatkan motivasi guru untuk menulis PTK; meningkatkan aktivitas menulis bagi peserta workshop dan dapat meningkatkan profesionalisme guru.
Pembelajaran Kreatif pada Praktik Pengolahan dan Penyajian Makanan Kontinental melalui Metode Demonstrasi
Authors: Purwanti Heni
Published: May 2021

Best practice ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan pembelajaran kreatif pada praktik pengolahan dan penyajian makanan kontinental melalui metode demonstrasi. Strategi pengumpulan data yang digunakan adalah deskriptif kualitatif yaitu dengan memanfaatkan data kualitatif yang kemudian dijabarkan secara deskriptif. Mengolah dan menyajikan makanan membutuhkan ketrampilan, kreativitas dan perhatian khusus terutama saat menyajikan makanannya, seperti: porsi sajian makanan dalam hidangan, komposisi warna makanan, garnis yang digunakan dan teknik menghidang yang menarik, demikian juga mengolah dan menyajikan hidangan makanan pada pelajaran PPMK. Main course dan dessert adalah merupakan menu giliran makan pada susunan masakan kontinental dan merupakan salah satu materi yang dipraktikkan oleh siswa pada mata pelajaran PPMK. Subyek yang digunakan pada penelitian kali ini adalah kelas XI Kuliner 1 SMK Negeri 4 Yogyakarta. Berdasarkan pengamatan bahwa dengan dilakukannya pembelajaran metode demonstrasi dapat menggali serta mengembangkan kreativitas siswa dalam pembelajaran praktik mengolah dan menyajikan hidangan main course dan dessert sehingga pada akhirnya meningkatkan hasil belajar siswa, dibuktikan dengan karya praktik siswa yang kreatif dan mendapatkan predikat kompeten dengan nilai baik. Selain itu suasana selama proses pembelajaran berlangsung terlihat lebih menyenangkan.
Peningkatan Kemampuan Berpikir Analisis pada Materi Genetik Melalui Model Pembelajaran Guided Inquiry Terintegrasi Virtual Lab
Authors: Baruno Ariswati
Published: May 2021

Materi genetik adalah salah satu materi yang abstrak, rumit, dan sulit untuk dipahami, sehingga untuk mempermudah pemahaman dipilih model pembelajaran Guided Inquiry yang terintegrasi dengan media virtual lab. Tujuan Penelitian Tindakan Kelas (PTK) ini adalah untuk menentukan apakah model pembelajaran Guided Inquiry yang terintegrasi dengan virtual lab dapat meningkatkan kemampuan berpikir analisis 32 peserta didik pada Kelas XII IPA 3 pada SMAN 7 Yogyakarta pada materi genetik. PTK dilakukan dalam 2 siklus, yang masing-masing berisi tahapan perencanaan, pelaksanaan, observasi, dan refleksi. Data penelitian berbentuk outcome, portofolio, kinerja, dan respon peserta didik. Teknik pengumpulan data memakai teknik tes (hasil pembelajaran) dan bukan tes (tugas, kinerja, dan kuesioner). Analisis data dilakukan secara kuantitatif dan kualitatif. Hasil analisis menunjukkan adanya peningkatan sehingga dapat disimpulkan bahwa model pembelajaran Guided Inquiry terintegrasi virtual lab dapat meningkatkan kemampuan berpikir analisis pada peserta didik Kelas XII IPA 3 SMAN 7 Yogyakarta pada materi genetik dari 75,68% menjadi 78,08%.
Peningkatan Peningkatan Kreativitas dan Hasil Belajar Bisnis Online melalui Metode Demonstrasi
Authors: Mahmud Windu
Published: May 2021

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk meningkatkan kreativitas dan hasil belajar Bisnis Online siswa kelas XI BDP 1 SMK N 1 Bantul. Kegiatan penelitian ini termasuk Penelitian Tindakan Kelas (PTK) dengan 2 siklus. Tiap siklus dalam penelitian ini melalui 4 tahapan, yaitu dimulai dari perencanaan, pelaksanaan, observasi dan terakhir adalah refleksi. Subjek dari penelitian Tindakan kelas ini adalah siswa kelas XI BDP 1 SMK N 1 Bantul yang berjumlah 29 siswa pada semester gasal Tahun pelajaran 2019/2020. Teknik pengumpulan data pada kegiatan penelitian ini adalah tes evaluasi dengan tes tertulis, pengamatan/observasi, catatan lapangan dan dokumentasi. Teknik analisa data dalam penelitian ini menggunakan teknik deskriptif kuantitatif. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan penerapan metode demonstrasi dapat meningkatkan kreativitas dan hasil belajar siswa kelas XI BDP 1 SMK N 1 Bantul pada mata pelajaran Bisnis Online Tahun Pelajaran 2019/2020. Penerapan metode demonstrasi sesuai dengan rencana pembelajaran dan kreativitas serta hasil belajar siswa meningkat pada tiap siklusnya. Hal ini dibuktikan dengan peningkatan nilai dalam instrument penelitian. Dalam lembar observasi kreativitas belajar siswa diperoleh nilai 48,42 dengan kriteria kurang pada tahap observasi awal. Pada siklus I nilai meningkat jadi 58,55 dengan kriteria cukup dan siklus II diperoleh nilai 67,53 dengan kriteria baik. Selain itu, ketuntasan klasikal pada evaluasi hasil belajar mengalami peningkatan. Pada evaluasi awal ketuntasan klasikal 31,03%, pada tahap siklus I ketuntasan klasikal naik menjadi 48,28% dan pada tahap siklus II ketuntasan klasikalnya meningkat menjadi 72,41%.
Enhancement of Geographic Learning Results through Synchron and Assychron Method Assisted by Google Classroom Application
Authors: Paramayati Asih
Published: May 2021

Geography subject matter, especially the Village and City Spatial Interaction Classroom Action Research was held with the aim of improving student learning outcomes through synchronous and asynchronous methods assisted by the Google Classroom application. The research subjects of students of XII IPS 1 SMAN 1 Banguntapan Odd Semester 2020/2021 consisted of 32 students, namely 22 girls and 10 boys. This Classroom Action Research was conducted in 2 cycles and three meetings each, each meeting lasting 75 minutes. Each meeting was conducted in a virtual or online way through synchronous and asynchronous methods using the Google Classroom application. The data collected for this study included observation data on student activity and learning outcomes of Geography, conducted from August to November 2020 with the results of the research stating that through synchronous and asynchronous methods using the Google Classroom application can have a positive influence on improving student learning outcomes on Village and City Spatial Interaction material. This can be seen from the average value in the class when the pre-action was 71.14, then in the first cycle it increased to 75.74, in the second cycle it became 76.68 and and the percentage of classical completeness can reach the target success indicator of 80%.
Padlet-Based in German Learning as a Trigger for Learning Motivation During a Pandemic
Authors: Ristanti Fika
Published: May 2021

The purpose of writing this best practice is to impelement the use of padlets and find out the results and impact of using padlets on student’s motivation learning in German during the Covid-19 pandemic. The strategy used is using padlets. Padlet is a free online whiteboard app that has many advantages. By using padlets, teachers and students can upload and download various documents in the form of videos, photos, voice recordings, texts or other documents and can be updated at any time. Padlet is an atrractive medium and very easy to use. The method used in this best practice research is qualitative descriptive. Padlet is implemented to deliver “Familie, Wohnung, Essen und Trinken”material for class XI MIPA 1 and “Freizeit, Reisen, Tagesablauf der Lieblingsfiguren” material for class XII IPS 1, XII IPS 2 in the odd semester of the 2020/2021 school year (August-November) at SMAN 2 Wates. The steps in this implementation consist of the preparation, implementation and evaluation. The end of this best practice activity is that author gives a questionnaire to students regarding the evaluation of using padlets, which are then analyzed and used as basis for making conclusions. From the questionnaire, it was found more than 80% of students felt happy and interested in participating in distance learning when using padlet. More than 80% of students do assigments on time and more than 75% students no longer feel reluctant to ask questions or discuss with teachers or other students. The four indicators than used as author to make conclusion that padlet can increase students’ motivation learning to learn German during the Covid-19 pandemic.
Penerapan Model Think Pair Share dalam Meningkatkan Motivasi, Aktivitas dan Prestasi Belajar Bahasa Arab
Authors: Suharti Sri
Published: May 2021

Mayoritas peserta didik beranggapan bahwa Bahasa Arab merupakan pelajaran paling sulit. 89,25% dari peserta didik kelas VII F tahun pelajaran 2019/2020 di MTs Negeri 1 Bantul belum pernah belajar Bahasa Arab, dan ini menyebabkan peserta didik tidak memiliki motivasi dan aktivitas  yang tinggi dalam mempelajari Bahasa Arab. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk meningkatkan motivasi, aktivitas dan prestasi belajar Bahasa Arab. Pada studi prasiklus, peserta didik yang mencapai Kriteria Ketuntasan Minimal (KKM) sebanyak dua orang dan nilai rata-rata 41,25. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk meningkatkan proses pembelajaran Bahasa Arab melalui penerapan Think Pair Share (TPS). Model pembelajaran TPS menekankan peningkatan motivasi dan aktivitas belajar dengan cara berdiskusi, berbagi informasi  dengan classmate dan berinteraksi dengan sumber belajar. Penelitian ini menggunakan model Coast Classroom Action Research dengan dua siklus dan setiap siklus terdiri dari dua pertemuan dan satu kali tes siklus. Data motivasi dan aktivitas belajar diperoleh dari observasi setiap pertemuan. Penelitian ini memperoleh hasil bahwa TPS mampu meningkatkan nilai rata-rata 41,25 pada prasiklus meningkat 69,74 pada siklus ke-1, dan meningkat 73,34 pada siklus ke-2. TPS juga meningkatkan jumlah ketuntasan mencapai KKM 70 pada prasiklus 2 (6,25%) meningkat 14 (43,75%) pada siklus ke-1, dan 19 (59,37%) pada siklus ke-2.
Pemanfaatan Blended Learning untuk Meningkatkan Kemampuan Gerak Dasar Bermain Bola Basket pada Masa Pandemi Covid-19
Authors: Margiyani Margiyani
Published: May 2021

Best practice ini bertujuan untuk meningkatkan kemampuan gerak dasar bermain bola basket siswa pada masa pandemi covid-19 dengan menerapkan blended leraning.  Subjek penulisan best practice ini adalah peserta didik kelas VI SD Negeri Kedungtangkil tahun pelajaran 2019/2020 yang berjumlah 22 peserta didik, terdiri dari 13 siswa laki-laki dan 9 siswa perempuan. Best practice ini menggunakan metode deskriptif, Data dikumpulkan melalui observasi dan dokumentasi serta dianalisis secara deskripsi kualitatif. Observasi dengan rubrik pengamatan menghasilkan data persentase kemampuan peserta didik dalam melakukan gerak dasar bermain bola basket. Best Pactice ini menggunakan model pembelajaran blended learning. Blended Learning merupakan model pembelajaran yang menggunakan campuran dari tiga komponen. Komponen tersebut meliputi pembelajaran daring, luring, dan belajar mandiri melalui interaksi sosial. Pembelajaran daring dilakukan dengan memberikan bahan ajar dan penugasan melalui whatsApp, dan google form. Pembelajaran luring dilakukan melalui kunjungan rumah secara berkala untuk mengklarifikasi tugas-tugas yang disampaikan secara daring dan memberi umpan balik hasil belajar mandiri. Hasil dari penerapan blended learning dapat meningkatkan pembelajaran praktik bermain bola basket. Peningkatan tersebut terjadi pada kemampuan Gerak Dasar memegang bola mengalami peningkatan sebesar 9, 47%, Menangkap bola meningkat sebesar12, 5%. Melempar bola meningkat sebesar 7, 2%, mendribling bola meningkat 7, 95%. Sedangkan kemampuan memasukan bola meningkat 14, 23%. Blended learning menjadi solusi pembelajaran penjasorkes pada masa pandemi covid-19 karena mampu meningkatkan persentase kemampuan peserta didik dalam menguasai materi. Kemampuan bermain bola basket secara umum meningkat dari rerata 66, 62 menjadi 76, 75, dan tuntas KKM.
Panorama as Critical Restoration : Examining the Ephemeral Space of Viollet-le-Duc’s Study at La Vedette
Authors: O’Carroll Aisling
Published: May 2021

La Vedette, the final home of French architect Eugène-Emmanuel Viollet-le-
Duc, was completed in 1874 in Lausanne, Switzerland. The house contained
the architect’s most ambitious restoration project: the reconstitution of
Mont Blanc. Spanning two walls of his study, Viollet-le-Duc constructed
an idealized mountain landscape through a painted panorama. Rather
than depicting an existing site, he composed the landscape by synthesizing
his geological knowledge with artistic technique. The room entangled
the space of restoration with the architect’s private, personal, and professional
life. This chapter will examine Viollet-le-Duc’s use of drawing
and representation as methods of restoration in order to understand the
speculative nature of the panorama and its function as a critical tool for
restoration: simultaneously an act of creation and reproduction.
The Theatre of Affectionate Hearts : Izabela Czartoryska’s Musée des Monuments Polonais in Puławy (1801–1831)
Authors: Mencfel Michał
Published: May 2021

This chapter discusses the so-called Temple of the Sibyl, the first Polish
museum, opened in 1801 by Princess Izabela Czartoryska in Puławy. The
idea of the creation of the temple originated from the reaction to the loss
of Polish independence in 1795. The temple offered an exceptional, very
emotional way of experiencing history, which here is called affective. It is
argued that this manner of experiencing is the key to understanding the
remarkable success of the Puławy museum among Poles. The intensity of
feelings that visitors experienced was achieved by appealing to religious
rhetoric and through theatrical references. Making it similar to a religious
ritual ensured a sublime, solemn atmosphere, the theatrical nature of
which allowed guests to freely express their feelings.
An Ephemeral Display within an Ephemeral Museum : The East India Company Contribution to the Manchester Art Treasures Exhibition of 1857
Authors: Pergam Elizabeth A.
Published: May 2021

This chapter seeks to reconstruct Saloon G at the Manchester Art Treasures
Exhibition of 1857. Devoted primarily to objects from the Indian subcontinent,
this section of the ground-breaking, blockbuster exhibition was
drawn mostly from the holdings of the Honorable East India Company.
India and Manchester were linked through their common interest in
cotton; however, there was surprisingly little commentary at the time
about the connections. The turmoil in India that began days after the
opening Art Treasures Palace had a decided impact on the objects that
were on view to the public. With little extant documentation about the
specific works on view, this chapter confronts mid-Victorian attitudes to
the applied arts, as well as objects produced in the “colonies.”1
Julia Margaret Cameron’s Railway Station Exhibition : A Private Gallery in the Public Sphere
Authors: Rosen Jeff
Published: May 2021

On 11 November 1871, Julia Margaret Cameron mounted a gallery of eleven
photographs in the waiting room of Brockenhurst railway station to commemorate
a reunion with her son Hardinge, who was on leave from his Civil
Service position in Ceylon. In England, railways knitted together the nation’s
identity, while in Britain’s colonies, they promoted economic growth and
reinforced governmental control. Cameron’s gallery was timely in depicting
men who supported the expansion of the Service by reforming its selection
process to encourage broad participation, a reflection of her own support for
the colonial mission. By displaying photographs at Brockenhurst Junction,
Cameron symbolically joined Britain’s colonial periphery to its imperial
center and united national pride and good government in the public sphere.
Paper Monument : The Paradoxical Space in the English Paper Peepshow of the Thames Tunnel, 1825–1843
Authors: Yu Shijia
Published: May 2021

A nineteenth-century optical toy, the paper peepshow is often considered to
be the perfect medium to represent the Thames Tunnel. Yet, this perception
overlooks the contradictory sentiments evoked by using the paper peepshow.
This chapter, focusing on the period when the tunnel was under construction,
seeks to analyze these paradoxes. Admittedly, various features of the paper
peepshow can indeed render it a fitting medium to represent the tunnel.
Yet, the expanded paper peepshow constitutes a space that is ephemeral,
because of its brief existence and its fragility. While the ephemeral quality
appears to contradict the monumental impression of the tunnel, this contrast
would speak to the nineteenth-century English middle classes’ ambivalent
attitude towards technological advancement, embodied in the tunnel.
Introduction : Ephemeral Exhibition Spaces and the Dynamic of Historical Liminalities
Authors: Bauer Dominique
Published: May 2021

The following study addresses ephemeral exhibition spaces between 1750
and 1918. The focus is placed upon the private home, the nation, and the
empire as distinctive spaces or spatial concepts. These either function
themselves as ephemeral exhibition settings, or they are exhibited and
made discernable in settings that are fundamentally ephemeral, and
sometimes literally mobile, from the more traditional museum, a variety
of smaller and larger scale exhibits, to the foldable paper peepshow or
text-image sources which also function as spaces. Firstly, all of these
simultaneously challenge and communicate elusiveness, fragmentation,
disappearance, and otherness within their cultural context. Secondly, as
liminal spaces, they all testify to the ambiguous connections between
identification and projection vis-a-vis objectification and otherness.
Ephemeral Spectacles, Exhibition Spaces and Museums
Authors: Bauer Dominique , Murgia Camilla , McHugh Amy , Vignone Cristina , Hacklin Kathryn , Taylor-Leduc Susan , Simpson Juliet , Hsu Li-Hsin , Jovanovic Stefanie , Pellegrini Emanuele , Mulloli Nirmalie
Published: May 2021

This book examines ephemeral exhibitions from 1750 to 1918. In an era of acceleration and elusiveness, these transient spaces functioned as microcosms in which reality was shown, simulated, staged, imagined, experienced and known. They therefore had a dimension of spectacle to them, as the volume demonstrates. Against this backdrop, the different chapters deal with a plethora of spaces and spatial installations: the Wunderkammer, the spectacle garden, cosmoramas and panoramas, the literary space, the temporary museum, and the alternative exhibition space.
“One Need Be Neither a Shopper Nor a Purchaser to Enjoy:” Ephemeral Exhibitions at Tiffany & Co., 1870–1905
Authors: McHugh Amy , Vignone Cristina
Published: May 2021

Tiffany & Co. has been a shopping destination since its founding in 1837. It
is much less well-known for the exhibitions that it staged in the nineteenth
century. Accounts of these exhibitions abound in documents preserved
in Tiffany’s archive. They range in subject from patriotic displays, to the
pyramid atop the Washington Monument set on the floor so that visitors
could step over it, to the hide of the circus elephant Forepaugh pinned in
the store’s windows. Many reviews indicate that Tiffany’s staff encouraged
idling through the shows with no expectation of purchases. This chapter
explores how the flagship was simultaneously designed for shopping but
also provided exposure to high jewelry and fancy goods, educational
opportunities, and nineteenth-century popular culture.
Enclosed Exhibitions : Claustrophobia, Balloons, and the Department Store in Zola’s Au Bonheur des Dames
Authors: Haklin Kathryn A.
Published: May 2021

This chapter examines spatial confinement in the eponymous department
store of Émile Zola’s Au Bonheur des Dames. A close reading of one of the
novel’s sale chapters reveals that the store director mobilizes several strategies
to engender a suffocating atmosphere at the temporary exhibition.
Linking literary space and publicity, the chapter argues that the store’s
promotional balloons act as ephemeral, yet dynamic advertisements
that dismantle interior and exterior space. The balloons instantiate the
ephemeral quality of the sales since, in spite of their brief duration, they
produce a lasting visual effect that problematizes a spatial framework
opposing interior and exterior spaces. This reading suggests that publicity
contributes to the claustrophobia of commerce in Zola’s fictional
ephemeral exhibitions.
Portable Museums: Imaging and Staging the “Northern Gothic Art Tour” – Ephemera and Alterity
Authors: Simpson Juliet
Published: May 2021

During the early nineteenth century, the voyage to the past was to become
a central destination for the discerning art tourist as for artists and writers.
Yet, such voyages were as much ephemeral as actual, virtual creations of
burgeoning antiquities tours in print and image. This chapter explores the
pivotal, yet neglected significance of Northern European Gothic ‘tours’
flourishing between Britain and the Low Countries from the 1830s–1860s.
It sheds new light on trailblazing accounts by Romantic tourists, Maria
Graham (Lady) Callcott, Johann David Passavant, and the Gothic revivalist,
W.H. James Weale, examining their fascination with Northern medieval
Gothic architectures, art, and spaces of unseen heritage, constructed via
ephemeral tour experiences as complex palimpsests of memory, modernity,
and its other.
The Elusiveness of History and the Ephemerality of Display in Nineteenth-Century France and Belgium: At the Intersection of the Built Environment and the Spatial Image in Literature
Authors: Bauer Dominique
Published: May 2021

This chapter explains how the ephemeral dimension of nineteenth-century
exhibition spaces testifies to the awareness of a highly elusive past and present.
Such an awareness underlies a historical, museal society, also beyond the walls
of museums, exhibits, and collections. Responding to the particular historical
dimension and sense of elusiveness of the culture of their day, exhibition
spaces emerge as problematic settings of coherence and “presentification.”
In this context, an analysis of the interstices between spaces in literature
(Balzac, Rodenbach, and Mallarmé), and the experience of the built environment
throughout the century, shows how the interplay of ephemerality and
presentification communicates a particular experience of temporal deferral,
fragmentation, and composition from the part of the spectator.