bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
'Seo fæmne þa lærde swa lange þone cniht oðþæt he ge-lyfde on þone lifigendan god': The Christian Wife as Converter and Ælfric's Anglo-Saxon Audience'
Authors: Gulley Alison
Published: April 2013

Ælfric's translation and adaptation of the traditional Latin Life of Cecilia in his Old English Lives of Saints foregrounds the theme of Christian conversion as it recounts the story of Cecilia, who, forced into marriage despite having dedicated herself to Christ, maintains her virginity and converts her husband to Christianity. As a document showing a woman who is both a virgin and a wife preaching the importance of simple faith in Christian conversion and salvation, at the social and communal level it recalls the important role women played in the Christianisation of England and serves as a particularly effective didactic and celebratory tool for Anglo-Saxon female monastic readers and listeners. Significantly, this segment of Æltric's audience contained not only the traditional virgin brides of Christ but also widowed or divorced wives, so that Cecilia's example at the personal and individual level reinforced and glorified a broad range of female Christian vocation.
Fragments of Medieval Liturgical Manuscripts Held in the Fryer Library, The University of Queensland
Authors: Atkinson J. Keith
Published: April 2013

In 1974 eleven fragments of medieval liturgical manuscripts, bound as a 'guard-book', were purchased by the University of Queensland Library and housed in the Fryer Library. This article provides a palaeographic description of them and identifies their liturgical contents. The first two folios, with musical notation, reveal texts belonging to the monastic cursus for Matins of Maundy Thursday. The other nine are fragments from a liturgical Psalter of secular use for the weekly Offices from Sunday Matins through to Saturday Vespers. The article further discusses the dismemberment of medieval manuscripts for the purposes of book-binding in the early print era and the subsequent recuperation of such binding fragments in the form of guard-books in nineteenth-century Britain. Finally the sequence of sales and purchases of the guard-book prior to its arrival in Australia is examined.
Orleans on Stage: Reconstructing the Performance History of the French Mistere du siege d'Orleans
Authors: Hamblin Vicki L.
Published: April 2013

The nineteenth-century editors of the Mistere du siege d'Orleans declared that the extant manuscript of this fifteenth-century French mystery play could not have been intended for a renewed performance decades after the events that it dramatises. More recently, however, scholars have maintained that the existence of a revised play manuscript necessarily implies a renewed performance of that text. The article examines the historical and compositional evidence that supports the notion of a late revision and performance of this mystery spectacle. Detailed stage directions parallel not only the historical events, but the celebratory activities in which Orleans's citizens participated throughout the fifteenth century, as city records demonstrate. The use of a 'procès de paradis' convention, like the creation of a post-Rehabilitation Joan the Maid, both point to a revision of this play after 1450. Furthermore, the chronicle sources of the Siege d'Orleans were either composed or revised in the 1450s or 1460s. Thus, the revision that has come down to us in manuscript form does indeed imply that the play was revisited later in the century as part of the city's evolving commemorative activities.
'... the Country must diminish ': Jacobean London and the Production of Pastoral Space in The Winter's Tale
Authors: Horton Craig
Published: April 2013

The City of London underwent enormous geographic and demographic expansion in the late sixteenth and early seventeenth centuries. By 1603, London had become a suburban metropolis, spreading well beyond the ancient walls into surrounding countryside. This expansion was a cause of great anxiety for local authorities and created an ambivalent cultural space which challenged traditional distinctions between 'city' and 'country'. The Winter's Tale (1610) seems to reproduce this collapse in spatial relations, presenting a pastoral vision that has confounded many readers. Earlier modes of pastoral romance offer a clear separation of city and rural locations, whereby the latter performs a recuperative function within the drama. In The Winter's Tale , this kind of pastoral geography is offered, but simultaneously rejected. The rural world of Bohemia is an ambivalent synthesis of city and country. Much like the extra-mural areas of London, it is a location in which conflicts are sustained and intensified, rather than resolved.
'I wold thow wer closyd in an hows of ston': Re-imagining Religious Enclosure in the Book of Margery Kempe
Authors: Hostetler Margaret
Published: April 2013

The fifteenth-century Book of Margery Kempe raises complex questions about the cultural processes which constitute medieval women's subjectivity. One cultural discourse influencing the representation of female subjectivity is the discourse of religious enclosure. Though Kempe herself does not join a monastery, her Book engages the discourse of enclosure by negotiating expectations of claustration and transforming prisons, private homes, even sickrooms into holy spaces. Kempe's unenclosed life reveals a new identificatory relationship between medieval religious women and the practices and cultural meanings of enclosure. Specifically, Kempe's performances of enclosure make possible a critique of enclosure and suggest possibilities for female community.
'Visions of the Night': The Reform of Popular Dream Beliefs in Early Modern England
Authors: Rivière Janine
Published: April 2013

In seventeenth-century England a heated debate about dreams arose, centring on their orthodoxy and significance as supernatural or spiritual experiences. Critics of dream interpretation and prophetic dreams came to view collective beliefs as the 'superstitious', 'enthusiastic' and 'ignorant' follies of the so-called 'vulgar', arguing instead that dreams were the meaningless by-products of the imagination. The controversy surrounding dreams was primarily religious and reflective of contemporary concerns about religious orthodoxy and the social order.
Gender, Supernatural Power, Agency and the Metamorphoses of the Familiar in Early Modern Pamphlet Accounts of English Witchcraft
Authors: Warburton Greg
Published: April 2013

Supernatural creatures, widely believed to carry out malevolent deeds for witches, and commonly called familiars or imps, figured prominently in pamphlet accounts of early modern English witchcraft. Incorporated as they were into theological and judicial notions of maleficium , familiars came to be viewed as evidence of the witch's diabolical pact. Evidence from English pamphlets suggests, nevertheless, that accused women actively contested such intellectual concepts. The familiar rather became a vehicle through which accused women resisted the learned language of diabolical subordination and presented witchcraft in their own terms, commensurate with their experiences of, and struggles to survive in, the harsh environment of early modern England.
'At my grates no Althea': Prison Poetry and the Consolations of Sack in the Interregnum
Authors: Reichardt Dosia
Published: April 2013

In the trans-shifting times of the mid-seventeenth century, imprisonment became as much a cavalier mode as the good life or love and affection. The prison poetry written in this period (not exclusively by those who had experienced confinement) moves away from the penitential meditations previously dominating this sub-genre into a celebration of common misfortune alleviated by drink. Classical drinking songs become politicised 'catches', individual authorship is subsumed, and Cavalier prison poets abandon complex rhetoric for simpler poems in ballad form which can be easily transmitted as propaganda and read as a defiant reaction to defeat.
The Passion of the Old and the New: Saga Studies on the Fatal Shore
Authors: Gíslason Kári
Published: April 2013

Old Icelandic was formally introduced at the Universities of Sydney and Melbourne in the 1940s, around the time the Republic of Iceland was consituted. The teaching of the subject enjoyed a level of popularity from the 1960s to the 1980s which, given the distance between Australia and Iceland, was surprising. But Australian saga scholars made up for geographical remoteness with very close textual engagement. They showed an intellectual passion for the sagas that was at times expressed in terms of a link between the nature of Australian cultural and intellectual life and the sagas' representation of established and emerging social codes during the Icelandic settlement age (870-930). This connection brought the sagas closer to Australia; when viewed as stories of settlement, conflict, freedom from Scandinavia, and voyages back to European courts, the sagas seemed perfect objects of the types of analyses made possible by the intellectual spirit of post-war Australia.
Robert Dudley, Gorboduc , and 'The masque of Beauty and Desire': A Reconsideration of the Evidence for Political Intervention
Authors: Pincombe Mike
Published: April 2013

A manuscript has recently been discovered in the British Library containing an eyewitness report of the first performance of Gorboduc at the Inner Temple in 1561/2. This manuscript claims that the play made allusions to royal marriage which could be interpreted to favour Lord Robert Dudley's suit to Elizabeth. This seems to confirm Marie Axton's long-established thesis that the tragedy's concerns with the succession supported Dudley's aspirations as expressed in a masque played at the Inner Temple and taken with Gorboduc to court on 18 January 1562. However, closer examination of the documentary evidence would suggest that the masque described by Axton never existed, and that the reporter's words need not indicate that any more than quite slight, though not trivial, changes were made to the original script of Gorboduc to further Dudley's ambitions. Dudley was only partially successful in persuading the Inner Temple to support his suit by producing propaganda on his behalf, and the new manuscript may be better interpreted as evidence of the resistance of the play's authors or sponsors wholly to endorse Dudley's purposes.
Gest and Vita , Folktale and Romance in Havelok
Authors: Whetter K. S.
Published: April 2013

The often-noted lack of chivalric concerns in the Middle English Havelok results in a tale whose homely qualities have made it difficult to classify as a medieval romance. This article examines Havelok 's generic features, including the classification of gest in the conclusion and vita in the incipit , to argue that the poem is indeed a romance. It is further suggested that romance can best be defined as a fictional narrative whose essential generic features are adventure, love, women, and a happy ending. As Havelok makes clear, although chivalric adventures are the romance norm, they need not be the only type.
The Bondage of Barabas: Thwarted Desire in The Jew of Malta
Authors: Menpes B. R.
Published: April 2013

The actions of Barabas in Christopher Marlowe's The Jew of Malta are bound entirely by and to the policy of his dramatic world. The limitations imposed upon Barabas ensure the violation of his identity as successful merchant. Such a violation is made manifest through Barabas' exchange of his mercantile endeavours for activities of revenge. The outcome is that Barabas makes an unsuccessful Revenger. Understanding Barabas in this way fits certain of the critical claims about the presentation of The Jew of Malta : namely, that Barabas has only a partial capacity for manipulation, his stratagems are flawed, and his articulations lack transformative power. In addition, the dramatic world of the play is morally bankrupt, politically vicious, irreligious, and spiritually debased. In such a world, Barabas proves to be the quintessential victim.
Pilgrimage and Embodiment: Captives and the Cult of Saints in Late Medieval Bavaria
Authors: Cassidy-Welch Megan
Published: April 2013

Historians have traditionally suggested that the cult of saints underwent two main transformations during the later Middle Ages. First, it is frequently argued that saints' bodies became less necessary at shrines as cults became more delocalised. Second, as Lionel Rothkrug has asserted, the act of pilgrimage became more about 'looking forward in hope' than 'looking backward in gratitude'. This article explores the nature of late-medieval pilgrimage in the light of these assertions. I concentrate on the cult of St Leonard, patron saint of prisoners, and the promotion of his cult in the small Bavarian town of Inchenhofen from the thirteenth century. My argument is that the cult of St Leonard reveals that bodies remained a focal point of devotional practice at this shrine, and that the act of pilgrimage itself might usefully be seen as a generative act or process of embodiment.
Civil War, Communal Guilt and Reconciliation in England: The Book of Common Prayer of 1662
Authors: Collett Barry
Published: April 2013

The bloody English civil war left the country divided and traumatized. After the Restoration, the Anglican Church vigorously asserted its property, doctrines, and liturgy, and dealt harshly with non-conformists. Yet, paradoxically, when political and institutional settlements were being made in 1661, John Cosin, Bishop of Durham, and others had showed a sensitive understanding of continuing civil war antagonism nationally and locally, and of how civic healing required more than political and financial solutions. Their 'Durham Book', used to revise the Book of Common Prayer of 1662, emphasized communal guilt and healing, making Anglican liturgy an instrument for national reconciliation at a parish level.
Henry More and the Restoration
Authors: Crocker Robert
Published: April 2013

At the Restoration the English Church saw a clerical return to order which resulted in many moderates in the University of Cambridge being expelled from their places. The rational theology these 'Latitude-men' had developed during the Interregnum, principally against 'fanatics' and 'atheists', was now judged to be an inadequate defence of the Church by the returning loyalist clergy. Henry More (1614-87), one of the few 'Latitudemen' remaining in Cambridge, was singled out for attack as a 'heretic'. His apologetic response became a significant model for a younger generation of 'Latitude-men'.
The Holy Thorn of Glastonbury: The Evolution of a Legend in Post-Reformation England
Authors: Walsham Alexandra
Published: April 2013

The body of legend about the origins and significance of the Holy Thorn of Glastonbury continued to evolve in the sixteenth, seventeenth and eighteenth centuries, with the winter-flowering tree becoming both a symbol and focus for the conflicts and tensions unleashed by the advent of Protestantism and exacerbated by the Civil Wars of the 1640s and 50s. Its post-Reformation history questions long-standing assumptions about the role which Protestantism played in eroding historical traditions linked with evocative sites in the landscape and reinforces recent qualifications of the claim that the Reformation was a powerful agent of the desacralization of the natural world.
Antique-Work and Naked Boys: Animating the Tudor-Stuart Grotesque
Authors: Semler L. E.
Published: April 2013

Visual examples of the Tudor and Stuart grotesque (properly called 'antique-work') regularly feature a motif known as the 'naked boy'. Much English Renaissance antique-work remains as yet unsurveyed in scholarship and the naked boy has attracted very little attention. This article maps the Tudor-Stuart interrelationship of antique-work and naked boys, with particular focus upon the relevant work by Hans Holbein, Franz Cleyn, and Inigo Jones. The naked boy plays with imitative civility or Bacchic revelry in a reorganized cosmos of the grotesque. He signifies a wide range of early modern concerns, from humanist wit to artistic invention, philosophical scepticism to political ideology, and Bacchic Neoplatonism to Christian meditation.
The Religion of a Lawyer?: William Blackstone's Anglicanism
Authors: Prest Wilfrid
Published: April 2013

William Blackstone's Anglicanism was neither so intolerantly High Church nor so pragmatically supportive of the socio-political order as recent writers have suggested. Blackstone's views did not remain constant over his life, and while his first published work does display an intense commitment to the Established Church, his later dealings with Dissenters point to the development of a less combative, more eirenic position.
Mad for Shakespeare: a Reconsideration of the Importance of Bedlam
Authors: Peat Derek
Published: April 2013

Much of what scholars assume to be the truth about London's St Mary of Bethlehem hospital, known as Bedlam, is based on supposition rather than fact. It is likely that the experience of visiting the hospital offered rather more than 'entertainment'. A reconsideration of the factual information we have about Bedlam in the period in which madness flourished in the work of Shakespeare and his contemporaries (1598-1622), allied to an analysis of scenes from King Lear, Twelfth Night , and Macbeth , suggests how the hospital may have influenced Shakespeare.
The Remembrance of the Sieges of Kanije in the Construction of Late Ottoman and Modern Turkish Nationalist Identities
Authors: Norton Claire
Published: April 2013

This article argues that remembrances of the past always occur within a conceptual framework of contemporary ways of mapping or interpreting the world and as such they are implicit in the creation or imagination of the present. In particular, the article analyses how nation-state orientated cartographies have impacted upon the re-interpretation and remembering of the 1600 and 1601 sieges of Kanije (Nagykanizsa) in nineteenth- and twentieth-century Ottoman and Turkish narratives through a comparative study with various earlier seventeenth-and eighteenth-century descriptions of the event.
Contested Knowledges: John of Salisbury's Metalogicon and Historia Pontificalis
Authors: Monagle Clare
Published: April 2013

John of Salisbury's Metalogicon is a text concerned with education, and its role in the production and maintenance of virtue in students. It defends the broadness of the Trivium against those who seek specialisation in education. This article seeks to contextualise the Metalogicon, and stake a claim for its intellectual import, through a reading of another of John's works, the Historia Pontificalis , where John uses the trial of Gilbert of Poitiers to explore similar issues.
Geoffrey of Monmouth and the De-Judaized Crusade
Authors: Warner Lawrence
Published: April 2013

Geoffrey of Monmouth's Historia regum Britannie presents Britain as the product of a de-Judaized crusade. Geoffrey's Anglo-Norman ecclesiastic and aristocratic readers were familiar with both crusading chronicles and contemporary debates about Jewish-Christian relations. Against this backdrop, a number of episodes resonate as instances of crusading rhetoric divorced from its Judaic connotations. This program is darker, more disturbing, and more fundamental than are the desires to break free of monastic modes of thought or to sow 'mischief' in the world of historiography upon which so many critics have concentrated.
Words to the Wise: Reappropriating the Widow in Early Modern Didactic Literature
Authors: Llewellyn Kathleen M.
Published: April 2013

Widows figured prominently in the prescriptive literature of early modern Europe. Although many widows were left destitute and defenceless, a significant number attained independence and even a certain measure of authority. France, though strongly patriarchal, saw widows rise to positions of considerable power. Manuals of comportment written by men reveal efforts to contain the early modern widow, to limit her influence on her society. However, women who penned such manuals, widows advising widows, borrowed the masculine tradition of moral didactic literature in order to teach their readers to negotiate and succeed in early modern French society.
Citizen and Terrorist, Citizen as Terrorist: Military, Citizenship, and Race in the Age of War on Terror
Authors: Um Ji-Young
Published: April 2013

This essay compares figurations of racialized soldiers in the U.S. military to argue that while they may stand as proof of democratic nation and polity, they also serve as reminders of the unfulfilled promise of equality and inclusion and reveal the duplicitous role of the military in the reproduction and maintenance of racial, gender, class, and sexual hierarchies. Focusing on figurations of Muslim and Asian American soldiers in particular, the essay argues that they embody this contradiction and reveal the boundaries between "citizen" and "enemy" to be both flexible and precarious.
Transgenics of the Citizen (I)
Authors: Obodiac Erin
Published: April 2013

Citizenship exposes non-humans and sub-humans—both animate and inanimate—to abandonment on the far side of its amity line. This essay explores how the figure of the human being designates a technical limit to the isometric principle of limitless access to civil and political rights. As zoon politikon , the human being inhabits a tautegorical enclosure, immuring itself from the claims of all other entities: there is no citizenship for robots or automaton chess players nor even for the wolf of Gubbio with his signatory paw, even while corporations are given rights of personhood. And yet: a pending South Korean Robot Ethics Charter signals that a new planetary order might be afoot.
From Philosophical Anthropology to Social Ontology and Back: What to Do with Marx's Sixth Thesis on Feuerbach?
Authors: Balibar Étienne
Published: April 2013

This essay is based on a reading of Marx's Theses on Feuerbach from 1845, especially Thesis 6 , which discusses its wording with reference to signifying chains tracing back to the constitution of Western Metaphysics. The claim that "the human essence is not an abstract being inhabiting the singular individual" not only rejects post-Aristotelian metaphysics, but also theologies of the interpellation of the subject. Saying that "in its reality it is the ensemble of the social relations" opens the possibility of a multifaceted ontology of relations. Further, it identifies a weakness in Marx's assessment of Feuerbach's philosophy of the "generic being." It is on this basis that applications to contemporary debates on philosophical anthropology should be reformulated.
Between Interpellation and Immunization: Althusser, Balibar, Esposito
Authors: Montag Warren
Published: April 2013

Althusser's "Ideology and Ideological State Apparatuses," Balibar's "Citizen Subject," and Esposito's Communitas may be read together as insisting on the indissoluble link between the notion of the subject as agent and the subject as the name of the subjected individual, the one who is submitted to the will of another. Each philosopher, from his own perspective, seeks to explore the paradox of the subject who is free and self-determining only to the extent that he is called upon, separated and immunized by a sovereign power. Each also offers the tools that make possible a way out of the vicious circle of subjection.
Citizen-Subject and the National Question: On the Logic of Capital in Balibar
Authors: Walker Gavin
Published: April 2013

The work of Étienne Balibar has long emphasized the link between the juridico-political forms of citizenship and subjectivity implied by the transition to a world order of "bourgeois universalism," while also linking the emergence of the nation-form and accompanying regime of "anthropological difference" to the specific concerns of the Marxian critique of political economy. Taking a series of clues from the entire range of Balibar's work, this essay reinvestigates the centrality of the national question to the capital-relation itself, particularly around the problem of the labor power commodity.
Adam Smith and Economic Citizenship
Authors: Carson Craig
Published: April 2013

Recent Adam Smith scholarship, whether focusing on his Stoic inheritance, Moral Sentiments ' impact on economic theory, or influences of Shaftesbury, Hutcheson or Rousseau, has gained traction rereading Smith against the cultural myths in which his name stands as cipher for self-interest and laissez-faire capitalism. Ironically, Smith has now re-emerged as a proponent of the naturally social quality of human beings. This essay argues that the new critical focus on natural sociality elides from Smith's work the absolutely central mode of unnatural relations: citizenship. Accordingly, this essay outlines the consequences of Smith's overlooked, thoroughly economic theory of citizenship.
Distortion, Aggression, and Sex in Mary Wroth’s Sonnets
Authors: Hecht Paul J.
Published: April 2013

This essay argues that the features of poetic style that have been criticized as abstract and repetitious in Mary Wroth’s sonnets should be considered in the context of a punk aesthetic: one that eschews a sense of formal mastery, includes syntactic breaks as distortion, includes the deliberately ugly, uses a pared-down and telegraphic vocabulary, and displays aggressive eroticism, albeit eroticism reliant on a set of idiosyncratic keywords.
Milton Rewrites The Doctrine and Discipline of Divorce
Authors: Kranidas Thomas
Published: April 2013

The second edition of John Milton’s The Doctrine and Discipline of Divorce should be read as a document separate from the first edition. It is substantially longer, and it is buttressed heavily with “authority” brought in to supplement the argument. The argument has not changed; the tone and intent have. Milton has sharpened and coarsened the legalistic aspects of the tract. More precisely, he has shifted from proclaiming a restored freedom to emphasizing the faults of his attackers. In the process, he shifts from a portrayal of the wife as passive and rather pathetic to the wife as a shrewish usurper, in order to flatter and petition Parliament to see itself as an ally in similar projects of liberation from tyrannical custom.
Narrating Originality in Paradise Lost
Authors: Smyth Maura Josephine
Published: April 2013

In Paradise Lost , Milton allows Eve and Adam to narrate their first moments of consciousness. By attending to this largely overlooked and seemingly simple fact, I demonstrate how Milton marks Eve as the poem’s true original in all senses of the word. Although Eve still falls first, Milton roots this sin not in the weakness of her gender but in the chance circumstances of her awakening, which she inventively recounts. Ultimately, Milton offers Eve not only linguistic superiority over Adam but authorship over her own self, thereby flagging—even providing inspiration for—the emerging female author of the mid-seventeenth century.
“Heavenly Lineaments” and the Invisible Church in Foxe and Spenser
Authors: Falck Claire
Published: April 2013

This article examines how John Foxe and Edmund Spenser utilize the trope of invisibility to imagine an English Protestant church that, having defined the “true Church” by its lack of worldly visibility, was forced to create a mode of self-representative imagery without sacrificing its validating status as an invisible, spiritual community. Through the woodcut illustrations of Actes and Monuments , Foxe crystallizes the challenge of locating the invisible church within visible history, and in the figure of Una, The Faerie Queene perfects the Protestant project of embodying the invisible while exploring the anxieties and ambiguities inherent in that embodiment.
Structures of Perception in the Similes of Paradise Lost
Authors: Staykova Julia
Published: April 2013

This essay argues that the similes of Paradise Lost undermine the construction of a visually and temporally solid experience and thus reform habits of perception and interpretation. Miltonic similes are preoccupied with illusory and unstable sights and with scenes of observation in which figures watch objects of mutable shapes and dimensions. These similes unsettle visual paradigms, expose discrepancies between perceived image and inferred mental reality, and detach the reader from cognitive schemes that carry a risk of moral fallacy. Perceived as a sequence, the similes codify an inward journey toward a spiritual landscape in which visual sight is superseded by a heightened moral perceptivity.
The Precarious Poet in Colin Clouts Come Home Againe
Authors: Segall Kreg
Published: April 2013

This essay argues that the structure of Spenser’s Colin Clouts Come Home Againe is centripetal, radiating out from its central moment of devotion to Rosalind and bounded by two myths of language. The first myth is Bregog, who demonstrates the danger of too little self-declaration; the second myth is Stesichorus, who demonstrates the danger of too much speech. The poet-figure Colin Clout considers and reconsiders how best to speak and his relationship to the poetic word; along with the poet, the reader considers and reconsiders as well.
Pious Fraud: Extralegal Heroism in Samson Agonistes
Authors: Sauer Elizabeth
Published: April 2013

For a work that vindicates divorce, the strict preservation of religious and national purity, Nazarite separateness, and the massacre of the enemy, Samson Agonistes surprisingly also invites a reassessment of the apparently antithetical relationship between Hebrew and Philistine. This article first studies the significance of the exogamous marriage of Samson and Dalila in the context of Milton’s divorce tracts. It then analyzes the complementary legal arguments of the poem’s key characters, as well as their psychological and behavioral connections. These generate various interpretations of their sacrifices made in the name of pietas , a correlative of religious and national duty.
Homoerotic Desire and Renaissance Lyric Verse
Authors: Yearling Rebecca
Published: April 2013

Many critics have tried to find explanations for why Shakespeare’s sonnets and Richard Barnfield’s The Affectionate Shepheard seem to have been unpopular on their original publication, whereas other equally explicit works exploring homoeroticism, such as Christopher Marlowe’s Hero and Leander or Shakespeare’s Twelfth Night , were well received by readers and audiences. This essay argues that these critics have overlooked the significance of the lyric form in their investigations. Lyric is more fluid, open-ended, and overtly performative than either narrative verse or drama, and this made it a more dangerous literary form for expressing controversial sexual sentiments.
Recent Studies in the English Renaissance
Authors: Hawkes David
Published: April 2013

An assessment of recent scholarly work treating the literature of the English Renaissance and some general observations on the state of the profession. A full bibliography and price list of the works received by SEL for consideration follow.
Poetry and Belief in Paradise Regained, to which is added, Samson Agonistes
Authors: Grossman Marshall
Published: April 2013

Marrying both formal and historical approaches to Milton's long poems, this article takes up once again the place of reasoned discourse and poetry as thinking in Milton's developing project. Offering a new interpretation of the chronological inversion of the events in Paradise Regained and Samson Agonistes while considering the poems not as two independent pieces but as a single work designed to be read together in two parts, Grossman considers the instrumental relation between mimesis and reason, placing Milton's late experiments in literary typology in their Restoration context and in dialogue with the Socinian writings of Johannes Crellius. Demonstrating how Milton both adapted and expanded Crellius's reading of the Epistle to the Hebrews, Grossman shows how the mediation of poetry itself became essential to the project of defending reason, arguing along with Milton for the value of literary historical response in the making of intellectual history.
Spolia -Inflected Poetics of the Old English Andreas
Authors: Ferhatović Denis
Published: April 2013

Throughout this essay, I focus on the spolium , a fragment charged with meaning that crosses several boundaries, in order to illuminate the poetics of a notoriously idiosyncratic Anglo-Saxon text, the poem now called Andreas . After a short introduction to several literal and metaphorical instances of recycling of objets d'art in the early Middle Ages, on the Continent, and in England, I discuss in detail two episodes in Andreas in which animated artifacts appear as both results of and participants in spoliation—the angel sculpture from a temple set in motion by Jesus and the water-issuing marble column from the Mermedonian dungeon activated by Andrew.
Holy Bodies, Legal Matters: Reaction and Reform in Ælfric's Eugenia and the Ely Privilege
Authors: Rabin Andrew
Published: April 2013

The so-called "Anti-Monastic Reaction," the period of anti-clerical violence and anti-monasterial litigation following the death of King Edgar in 975, is among the most important yet least understood episodes in the history of later Anglo-Saxon England. This article examines the influence of the Anti-Monastic Reaction on subsequent Reformist portrayals of royal power and legal authority. In particular, it considers how the Old English translation of the Ely foundation charter and Ælfric's Life of Saint Eugenia express Reformist anxieties about the integrity of secular law and royal protection. As free adaptations of pre-975 Latin documents, the Ely charter and Eugenia illustrate the evolution of Reformist rhetoric following the Anti-Monastic Reaction. In each case, the author/translator alters his source-text so as to redefine the relationship between legal and spiritual authority. Yet more is at stake than just the representation of royal law and its limits: each of these texts situates its critique of secular authority within a narrative focused on problems of female sexuality and erotic desire. Implicitly, the inadequacy of royal authority when confronted with the threat posed by unconstrained female sexuality parallels its similar failure to contain the Anti-Monastic Reaction. Exploring the ways in which the bodies of SS. Æthelthryth and Eugenia may be viewed and interpreted enables the authors of each text to express monastic anxieties concerning royal law and to rethink Reformist models of spiritual order and legal identity.
"Unto the world's ear": Wyatt's Psalms Beyond the Court
Authors: Trudell Scott A.
Published: April 2013

Scholars have come to understand Thomas Wyatt's poetry strictly within the social context of the English court. Yet the fluid relationship between the coterie manuscript practices and wider print readerships that came into contact with Wyatt's paraphrase of the penitential psalms helps to situate his work within a broader interpretive milieu. The Penitential Psalms themselves bear out this context by dramatizing a desire to reach readers and listeners beyond the monarch. Wyatt's poem fashions an interlocutory, adaptable mode of address that displaces David's own voice and opens it to communal reception.
Gold, Land, and Labor: Ideologies of Colonization and Rewriting The Tempest in 1622
Authors: Banerjee Rita
Published: April 2013

Various associations of The Tempest (1611) evoked in John Fletcher and Philip Massinger's The Sea Voyage (1622) suggest that the two plays are engaged in a dialogue that reveals their divergent ideologies. I argue here that The Sea Voyage critiques the colonial ideologies expressed in the earlier play. By confronting The Tempest 's silence on piracy, the later play focuses on the practice of European privateering, transferring the characteristics of barbarity and savagery, attributed to the non-Western "other" in The Tempest , to the European pirates. By valorizing labor and connecting it with temperance, The Sea Voyage exposes the unreality of Gonzalo's plantation on the one hand, and the exploitative nature of Prospero's governance on the other. Finally, the Amazonian commonwealth in The Sea Voyage interrogates further the western right to impose cultural norms on the natives that Prospero and the Europeans arrogate to themselves.
Claimed by Two Religions: The Elegy on Thomas Washington, 1623, and Middleton's A Game at Chesse
Authors: Doelman James
Published: April 2013

During Prince Charles's 1623 visit to Spain to court the Infanta, the death of his page, Thomas Washington, caused a significant dispute between the English courtiers and the Roman Catholic priest who attempted to minister to him on his deathbed. The controversy reflects the high tensions surrounding would-be conversions of English Protestants during the visit. A widely circulated manuscript elegy on Washington ("Hast thou beene dead a Moneth") manifests English anxieties about the expedition and the intended match. The same politics of conversion is central to the plot of the White Queen's Pawn in Thomas Middleton's A Game at Chesse , and a reading of the play in this light offers new possibilities of specific allegorical representation. The attempts upon Washington and the White Queen's Pawn both ominously anticipate threats to the prince's own religious commitment.
Experimental Predestination in Donne's Holy Sonnets: Self-Ministry and the Early Seventeenth-Century "Via Media"
Authors: Martin Catherine Gimelli
Published: April 2013

This essay addresses an ongoing controversy over whether the mature John Donne embraced Calvinist or Arminian theology by advocating a new middle way. His Holy Sonnets composed around the time of his conversion indeed reflect the fear and trembling of Calvinist belief; striking continuities clearly exist between them and the methods of "experimental predestination" advocated by William Perkins. Perkins used a fearful set of "hammers"—knowledge of God's law, wrath at human sin, and our total helplessness to merit grace or be saved on our own—to humble souls otherwise unable to "achieve" election. Yet as the word "achieve" suggests, his system included hidden elements of voluntarism useful not only personally to Donne but also to his later preaching career. By consistently expanding these elements, especially the role of penitence as a "work" of grace and love rather than of the will, he softened Calvinist orthodoxy without fully embracing Arminianism in both his late Holy Sonnets and sermons.
Vom Wert und der Würde des Menschen. Was heißt es, einen Menschen an sich wertzuschätzen?
Authors: Weber-Guskar Eva
Published: April 2013

This article examines the idea that “human dignity” means that humans as such are valuable. It does so not from a perspective of normative or metaethics but from the perspective of the practice of valuing that consists in manifested dispositions of actions and emotions. From this point of view a commonly neglected problem becomes evident: How can we value a concrete person non-instrumentally without any reference to her individual properties or achievements and without having any relationship with this person? The suggestion for an answer to this question coincidences with an answer to another question concerning the idea of human dignity, namely the question regarding the relation between the ideas of value on the one hand and dignity on the other hand: to be able to explain what it means to value humans as such, we have to assume that “dignity” is not just the indication of a certain value, but is also a condition that humans can be in.
Memory Effect in the Current-Voltage Characteristics of Diodes based on PEDOT:PSS
Authors: Liu Zhengchun , Xue Fengliang , Su Yi , Varahramyan Kody
Published: April 2013

Diodes were formed by intermediating a thin film of PEDOT:PSS between aluminum and heavily doped silicon. Both p-type and n-type Si substrates were used. Hysteresis loops were observed in their current-voltage (I-V) characteristics. A ‘state’ can be written by applying a voltage pulse to aluminum electrode. The state of the device can be read out from the current under a small probe voltage (0.3-0.6 V, to Al electrode). Appling +4.0 V induces a ‘low’ conductance state while applying -4.0 V switches the device back to the ‘high’ conductance state. The current difference between two states is up to 3 orders of magnitude. The space charge storage in the polymer is believed to be responsible for the memory effect. Upon positive voltage bias the charges are injected into the place near the Al/PEDOT:PSS interface. The charges are stored there and will resist subsequent charge injection, resulting in the ‘low’ conduction state. The redox reactions further reduce the conductance of the device. Negative bias can remove the stored charges and reverse the redox reactions, thus recover the device back to ‘high’ conduction state.
Eletrencefalograma nos traumatismos cranio-encefalicos
Authors: Fonseca Lineu Corrêa
Published: April 2013

São analisados 551 eletrencefalogramas de 387 pacientes com traumatismo crânio-encefálico. Os achados eletrencefalográficos são correlacionados aos seguintes dados clínicos: idade, tempo após o trauma, duração da perda de consciência, presença de sinais focais ao exame neurológico, existência de traumatismo crânio-encefálico aberto ou hematoma, líquido cefalorraqueano hemorrágico ou fratura de crânio e aparecimento de convulsões. O autor chega às seguintes conclusões: 1 — há nítida correlação entre as anormalidades eletrencefalográficas e o grau de lesão cerebral, caracterizado pelo tempo de perda de consciência, presença de sinais focais ao exame neurológico, presença de líquido cefalorraqueano hemorrágico e epilepsia pós-traumática; 2 — as anormalidades lentas contínuas focais parietoccipitais são mais freqüentes na faixa etária com menos de 10 anos; 3 — há uma queda de proporção de eletrencefalogramas anormais particularmente entre o 6.° e o 12.° mês após o trauma; 4 — as anormalidades lentas contínuas difusas ou focais têm sua proporção diminuída particularmente após o primeiro mês depois do trauma; 5 — as anormalidades paroxísticas aumentam, em proporção, de modo nítido, após o 6.° mês depois do trauma; 6 — os pacientes com hematoma intracraniano apresentam grande proporção de anormalidades, particularmente as depressões. Todos esses dados mostram a importância do eletrencefalograma na complementação do estudo clínico dos pacientes com traumatismo crânio-encefálico, principalmente quando é feita seqüência eletrencefalográfica, desde os primeiros dias após o trauma.
Actinomicose cerebral: observação anatomo-clinica e revisão da literatura brasileira
Authors: Queiroz Luciano de Souza , Nucci Anamarli , Faria J. Lopes de
Published: April 2013

Os autores relatam a observação anátomo-clínica de um paciente de 33 anos, com síndrome de hipertensão intracraniana e hemiparesia à direita. O líquido cefalorraqueano revelava discreta hipercitose linfomonocitária. A autópsia mostrou três abscessos cerebrais, com edema difuso mais intenso no hemisfério cerebral esquerdo, sem leptomeningite purulenta. O exame histopatológico demonstrou grãos actinomicóticos nos abscessos cerebrais e pulmonares. A literatura brasileira sobre neuroactinomicose é analisada, com encontro de seis casos, publicados entre 1934 e 1946. São discutidos aspectos clínicos e anátomo-patológicos relevantes dos casos nacionais.
Efeitos colaterais e desacertos na terapeutica antiepiletica
Authors: Matarazzo Eneida Baptistete , Matsumoto Jorge
Published: April 2013

Relatando 6 casos de pacientes que apresentaram numerosos sintomas da esfera somática e psíquica em conseqüência de tratamento feito com diferentes drogas antiepiléticas, os autores procuraram demonstrar que o remanejamento cuidadoso da terapêutica pode evitar esses inconvenientes sem prejuízo do controle dos sintomas comiciais. Os autores acentuam a necessidade dos médicos estarem atentos para a eventualidade de surgirem efeitos colaterais durante o tratamento antiepilético e, baseados em sua experiência, sugerem algumas normas de conduta para detectar precoecmente e evitar esses inconvenientes.
Prognostico de pacientes neuroticos em tratamento ambulatorial
Authors: Silva Laerte Moreira da , Silva Luci Moreira da
Published: April 2013

Procurou-se determinar o prognóstico de pacientes neuróticos em tratamento ambulatorial mediante o cálculo das probabilidades de "melhora", "piora" e "inalteração" em consultas sucessivas. Foi, assim, analisada a evolução de 157 pacientes de 20 a 59 anos que entraram para o estudo em um ponto qualquer durante um período de observação de 12 meses.
Síndrome de Rubinstein-Taybi: relato de dois casos
Authors: Wittig Ehrenfried O. , Cat Izrail , Carvalho Nelson Egydio de , Magdalena Neiva Isabel R. , Freire-Maia Newton
Published: April 2013

São descritos dois casos da síndrome de Rubinstein-Taybi em duas irmandades de famílias diferentes, oriundas de casais não consanguíneos e com um total de 16 irmãos. Os quadros clínicos são os classicamente relatados. No caso 1, o diagnóstico foi realizado ao nascimento e havia polidactilia e antecedentes de hidrâmnio. No caso 2, o cariótipo era normal. Os dados observados nada acrescentam sobre a etiología da síndrome.
Diplegia facial traumatica
Authors: Fortes-Rego J.
Published: April 2013

É relatado um caso de paralisia facial bilateral, incompleta, associada a hipoacusia esquerda, após traumatismo cranioencefálico, com fraturas evidenciadas radiológicamente. Algumas considerações são formuladas tentando relacionar ditas manifestações com fraturas do osso temporal.
Avaliação de antígenos de Cysticercus cellulosae no imunodiagnóstico da cisticercose humana pela hemaglutinação indireta
Authors: Nascimento E. , Mayrink W.
Published: April 2013

Os Autores avaliaram os antígenos de Cysticercus cellulosae para o imunodiagnóstico da cistieercose humana pela reação de hemaglutinação indireta. Observaram que os antígenos de escólex (ES) e ES pico II são mais específicos que os antígenos de C. cellulosae total (CC), líquido vesicular e de membrana (ME). Usando soros de pacientes com cistieercose comprovada parasitologicamente, obtiveram uma sensibilidade de 0,80 para o ES, 0,84 para o ES II e especificidade 1,0, quando os soros foram usados na diluição 1:8 para o antígeno ES e 1:16 para o antígeno ES II.
Detection of classic and invasive E. coli and Shigella serotypes in stools by indirect immunofluorescence
Authors: Dias Waldely de Oliveira , Pereira Octávio Augusto de Carvalho
Published: April 2013

IIF in the detection of invasive and classic enteropathogenic E. coli and Shigella serotypes was compared with traditional coproculture methods. IIP results agreed with the coproculture findings in 128 out of 140 cases tested for enteropathogenic E. coli (91%) and in 108 out of 112 for Shigella (96%). All cases with positive reactions by coproculture were confirmed by IIP. In the control group it were obtained by IIF 12 cases with positive reactions for enteropathogenic E. coli and 4 cases for Shigella, including two cases of mixed infection by E. coli 026/Sh. dysenteriae and E. coli 0124/Sh. dysenteriae. It was discussed the high sensitivity and specificity of the IIF when compared with the traditional methods, being suggested that IIF is a valuable tool in epidemiological studies involving these organisms and an important aid in the stablishment of an early presumptive diagnosis of the acute infantile diarrhea.
Limitaciones de la tomografia axial computada en la localizacion de quistes hidatidicos abdominales en pacientes con confirmacion inmunodiagnostica
Authors: Guarnera E. A. , Varela-Díaz V. M.
Published: April 2013

Se describe el aporte de la prueba de doble disfusión arco 5 (DD5) al diagnóstico de la hidatidosis en dos pacientes con operaciones previas. En una de ellas, asintomática, la reacción positiva a los cinco años de su última intervención quirúrgica por hidatidosis, permitió diagnosticar la presencia de quistes cuya localización abdominal fue establecida por la tomografía axial computada (TAC). En el otro caso, sintomático, aunque operado de hidatidosis nueve años antes, la positividad a la DD5 confirmó la etiología de la enfermedad que se había sospechado por centellografía, TAC y su historia clínica. En ambos casos, sin embargo, se hallaron en el acto quirúrgico otros quistes abdominales cuyas imágenes no habían sido reveladas en los estudios a los que se las había sometido.