bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Experimental Analysis and Thermal Behavior of Conventional Flat Plate Collector and Sun Point Collector of 1 m2 Area
Authors: Sakthivadivel D. , Iniyan S.
Published: July 2014

India has a huge potential of solar energy as it is gifted with 300 sunny days in most part of the country. The simplest form of harvesting solar energy is to use it for water heating. Most of the solar heating systems developed before were big in size, uses more space, difficult to install and use it for domestic purpose. To make the installation of solar heating systems simple and compact with adequate improvement in performance, a novel sun point collector has been developed. In this paper reduced land use of solar water heating systems by using sun point collector is analysed. A new comparative test on two different types of conventional solar flat plate collector (FPC) and sun point collector (SPC) was also investigated by conducting experiments. A standard glazed flat plate collector and a novel sun point collector are installed in parallel and tested at same working conditions. Results are also presented in terms of daily efficiency versus daily average reduced temperature difference: this allows representing the comparative characteristics of the two collectors when operating under same conditions.
Comparision of Thermal Analysis in Mobile Phone Using Ansys
Authors: Jayachandraiah B.
Published: July 2014

“Necessity is the Mother of Invention”- one of the most Important and Interesting Man Made Inventions is Mobile Phone. there is a Rapid Increase in the Number of Users of Mobile Phone in the Last Decade. Today, it's Hard to Find a Cell Phone that Doesn't Offer some Sort of "smart" Technology because it's in such a High Demand. the Use of Mobile Phone has Become an Integral Part of Human Lives. in this Paper, an Attempt is Made to Study the Optimization of 3-Dimensional Heat Transfer Phenomena in Mobile Phone Using ANSYS for Three Different Models and Different Companies such as HTC Desire C, Nokia Lumia 900 and Sony Xperia Tipo. the Actual Dimensions and Materials are Chosen for above Models. the Three Models are Modelled in Pro/E, then Meshed by 3D-10 Nodded Tetrahedral Thermal Solid Elements (SOLID87) and Analysed in ANSYS Software, by Applying Boundary Conditions. the Analysis is Carried-out to Find the Nodal Temperatures, Directional Thermal Fluxes. it is Found that the Optimum Heat Transfer Occurs at HTC Desire C and Validated with the References.
CFD Analysis of the Twin Inclined Injection Flows in an Axi-Symmetric Duct along with Main Turbulent Flow
Authors: Saha Debajit , Majumder Snehamoy
Published: July 2014

A numerical simulation has been carried out to study the effects of twin inclined side mass injection with cross flow through a circular duct using modified model, considering streamline curvature effects by modifying the model constants. 1/7th turbulent velocity profile has been taken at the inlet. The effects of side mass injection on the flow pattern of the main bulk fluid and the mixing of two mutually cross turbulent flows have been studied in details. The formation of recirculatory flow has been visualized by varying the primary as well as secondary injection angle. With the variation of the injection angle axial velocity profiles at various locations and the centerline velocity variation along the duct have been studied. It has been observed that the impact of primary injection angle variation on the recirculation size is more than the secondary injection angle variation.
Effect of Inlet Air Temperature on Liquid Fuel Combustion in Taper Can Gas Turbine Combustion Chamber
Authors: Srinivasan D.R. , Pandurangadu V. , Gupta Avssks V.S.S.K.S.
Published: July 2014

The influence of inlet air temperature on penetration, vaporization and combustion of atomized liquid fuel droplets which is sprayed in a stream of turbulent swirling air flow stream located inside taper can gas turbine combustion chamber has been simulated using the commercial Computational fluid dynamics code star CD. It was observed that the variation of inlet air temperature plays a significant role on penetration, vaporization and combustion. The results were presented with help of plot of average temperature and contour plots of turbulent kinetic energy.
Non-Newtonian Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) Modeling on Left Coronary Artery with Multiple Blockages
Authors: Pandey Krishna Murari , Thakur Ritabrata , Hazarika Abhinav , Ashutosh Tarun , Gogoi Dipankar
Published: July 2014

The rate of mean blood flow through arteries depend on the resistance to flow presented by the blood vessels. Mean blood pressure decreases as the circulating blood moves away from the heart through arteries and capillaries due to viscous losses of energy. Atherosclerosis is a common phenomenon that is observed causing blockage in coronary arteries leading to cardiac arrest. This blockage is due to the deposition of cholesterol or plaque on the inner walls of the coronary artery. This paper provides an analytical study on the variation of static pressure with multiple blockages in the artery implementing the conventional simulation software. A general three dimensional section of the coronary artery was taken for the analysis and the variation of static pressure with increase in the number of blockages due to cholesterol deposition was studied. Meshing of the geometry and specification of the boundary types have been accomplished using GAMBIT 2.3.16 and the analysis has been carried out using ANSYS FLUENT 6.3.26.
Experimental Investigation and FE Modelling of Contact Mechanics Phenomenon in Reciprocating Hydraulic U-Seals for Defence Applications
Authors: Bhaumik Shankar , Kumar S.R. , Kumaraswamy Adepu
Published: July 2014

In this article, an attempt was made to investigate the contact mechanics phenomenon of the reciprocating hydraulic U-seal by measuring friction forces at various pressures and velocities. The inlet fluctuating pressure and the rod speed was simultaneously performed at the peak pressures of 10, 20 and 30MPa and the rod speeds of, 0.12, 0.3 and 0.5 m/s. The distribution of the contact pressure at the seal/rod interface was calculated along the contact surface at pressures of 10, 20 and 30MPa using FE model. Friction measurement of reciprocating seals by experimental results demonstrated that the velocity of the rod and seal pressure influences the seal performance considerably. Furthermore, the numerical analysis undertaken to determine the contact pressure to compute friction force was in good agreement with the experimental results.
Investigation of ELAC 1 Aerodynamics Using CFD in Supersonic Flow
Authors: Jadhav Vaibhav Balkrishna , Warke Arundhati
Published: July 2014

The ELAC 1 (ELliptical Aerodynamic Configuration 1) is basically Hypersonic space vehicle and first stage of TSTO (Two Stage To Orbit) destined to fly up to altitude of 35 Km with M∞=7 (Free stream Mach No.). In this paper, the comparison between the experimental data available at RWTH, Aachen and Polyhedral Unstructured Navier-Stokes solver simulations are made. The different AOA (Angles of attack) 0̊, 6̊ and 10̊ are considered with Re = 3.6×106 for the supersonic flow simulations. The various coefficients such as Aerodynamic coefficients, Pressure coefficients are compared with the wind tunnel data and the physics of the flow field is investigated.
CFD Analysis of Micro-Ramps for Hypersonic Flows
Authors: Mogrekar Ashish , Sivakumar Ramasami
Published: July 2014

Air intake is a crucial component for supersonic and hypersonic air breathing propulsion devices. The intake must provide the required mass flow rate of air with minimal loss of stagnation pressure. A major difficulty in the stable operation of an intake is associated with shock wave boundary layer interaction (SBLI). This causes boundary layer separation and adverse pressure gradients which lead to total pressure loss, flow unsteadiness and flow distortion in the intake system. Passive control devices such as micro-ramp, thick-vanes provide better boundary layer control and reduce parasitic drag. The proposed study aims to perform CFD analysis of micro-ramp for hypersonic flows and validate the results with the available experimental data. Two micro ramp models namely MR80 and MR40 are considered for this study. Results obtained show the presence of micro ramp successfully delayed the flow separation and helped to suppress SBLI.
A Comparative Study on Road Traffic and Metro Train Induced Ground Vibration at CMTI for Establishment of Nano Technology Facilities
Authors: Girish Kumar M. , Vinod Prakash , Shashikumar P.V.
Published: July 2014

Nanotechnology offers enormous potential for discovering new fundamental science, for creating new materials with unique and important properties, and for developing new technology. Nanotechnology deals with particles and system with dimensions of approximately 1 to 100 nanometers. Some aspects of nanomanufacturing technology facilities like nanofabrication, nanometrology requires extremely stable environment with very stringent limits of ground vibration. The ground vibrations induced due to road and rail traffic can affect the nanotechnology research activities, due to disturbances caused by the road and rail traffic induced ground vibrations on the nanotechnology processes and the measurements. The paper presents the study of road traffic and metro train induced ground vibration for establishment of nanomanufacturing technology facilities at CMTI. The road traffic and the metro train induced ground vibration were monitored inside the CMTI campus at surface level to identify the magnitude of ground vibration. The road traffic and the metro train induced ground vibrations are compared in comparison with the CMTI Nanotechnology Lab specifications. The metro train induced ground vibration levels are more in comparison to the road traffic induced ground vibration. The metro train induced ground vibration level exceeds the CMTI Nanotechnology Laboratory ground vibration specifications.
A Novel Approach for Detection of Bearing Defects from Noisy Vibration Signal
Authors: Paliwal Deepak , Choudhury Achintya , Govardhan T. , Chandrawat Saurabh Singh
Published: July 2014

Vibration signal of a defective bearing carries fault related information. The aim of this paper is to develop a signal processing methodology that identifies the presence of defect from bearing vibration signal subjected high background noise. A simulated vibration signal considering inner race defect in a deep groove ball bearing with low signal to noise ratio has been generated and investigated. A technique involving CWT of vibration signal and post-processing though FFT has been adopted to analyze the signal. Results show that proposed methodology can yield the presence of inner race defect prominently from a noisy vibration signal.
Analysis of MR Damper Based on Finite Element Approach
Authors: Hemanth K. , Ganesha A. , Kumar Hemantha , Gangadharan K.V.
Published: July 2014

A magneto rheological damper is a damper filled with magneto rheological fluid, which is controlled by a magnetic field. This allows the damping characteristics of the shock absorber to be continuously controlled by varying the force of the electromagnet. This type of shock absorber has several applications, most notably in semi-active vehicle suspensions which may adapt to road conditions, as they are monitored through sensors in the vehicle. This paper presents magnetic saturation analysis of non-parametric model of magnetorheological (MR) damper using ANSYS for improvement of the higher force with optimal current and MATLAB/Simulink simulation for quarter car model equipped with MR damper to conduct dynamic studies of the system using skyhook controller and comparative study for passive and semi-active system.
Analysis of Transverse Vibration Modes of a Gun Barrel Subjected to Recoil
Authors: Kumar Pravin , Nayak S.K. , Datar Anil M. , Bhushan Gian
Published: July 2014

This paper focuses on the calculation of modal frequencies and corresponding mode shapes of Gun Barrel by analytical method and the Finite Elements Method. Modal analysis is used to find out natural and succeeding two modes frequencies for transverse vibration. Barrel is considered as a cantilever beam. Recoil of Gun Barrel is incorporated as variation in the length cantilever beam. Increase in modal frequencies due to gun barrel recoil is observed. It is concluded that the transverse vibration of gun barrel coupled with the recoil produces a band of frequencies in each modes. The analysis and results discussed can be used for design and performance evaluation, selection of accessories and attachments of gun systems.
Automatic Design of Fuzzy Rules Using GA for Fault Detection in Cracked Structures
Authors: Sahu Sasmita , Parhi Dayal R.
Published: July 2014

Vibration-based inspection is an area of active research. This task is performed by estimating the effects of structural damage on the eigen parameters of structures. The problem of detecting, locating, and quantifying the extent of damage was under study for several decades. In order to investigate the prevailing effects of damage present in the structure under examination, a mathematical model of the damage must be introduced into the model of the structure at the location of the fault. While focusing on transverse vibrations, a simple stiffness reduction of the damaged region was used. In the present work the vibration parameters (relative first three natural frequencies) of the cracked structure are treated in a controller. The controller is designed using fuzzy logic & genetic algorithm. Here the fuzzy rules are optimized by using genetic algorithm. Using the controller, the crack locations can be determined.
Effect of Location of Centre of Mass of a Semi-Independently Suspended Automobile on Natural Frequencies
Authors: Iyer Anirudh R. , Venkatachalam R. , Balaraju A.
Published: July 2014

Suspension system of an automobile not only supports the body of the vehicle, engine and passengers but also absorbs shocks arising from the roughness of the road. Most of the present day cars are provided with independent suspension for the front wheels and conventional suspension for the rear wheels. Such a suspension system is referred in this paper as semi-independent suspension system. When the automobile is moving, the roughness of the road keeps giving excitations to the suspension system through tyres. The frequency of excitation is directly proportional to the velocity of the vehicle and inversely proportional to the distance between two undulations of the road. The knowledge of natural frequency is important because the designer would prefer to keep the lowest natural frequency much higher than the frequency of excitation. In this paper, an attempt is made to study the effect of centre of mass of the main body on the natural frequencies of the system.
Investigation of Whole Body Vibration on Urban Midi Bus
Authors: Jaganmohan M. Rao , Sivapirakasham S.P. , Balasubramanian K.R. , Sreenath K.T.
Published: July 2014

The objective of the study is to measure the whole body vibration (WBV) transmitted to the driver as well as the passengers during the operation of bus and to compare results with ISO 2631-1(1997) comfort chart and health guidance criteria. In this study, vibration exposure of the driver, passenger in the mid row seat and passenger in the rear row seat were measured at different operating conditions (static and dynamic). The BMI (Body Mass Index) was maintained for driver and passengers. The results of static test showed that the driver seat produced more vibrations compared to the passenger's mid row and rear row seat. This is due to the fact that driver seat was positioned close to the engine cabin. The results of dynamic test showed that, in all cases, the rear seat produced maximum vibrations. At 40 km/h speed the vibration magnitude exceeded the exposure limit at all tested seats. This high vibration magnitude might be due to the resonance effect caused between engine and chassis vibrations.
Vibration Analyses of the Bearing Using the Time Frequency Domain Technique
Authors: Sharma H.N. , Verma Santosh
Published: July 2014

This work employs the wavelet transform for reading the fault diagnosis in a rotor-bearing system. Initiating with literature review with some relevant studies of bearing fault and the signal processing techniques used followed by the theory of wavelet transform. A bearing test rig is shown which is used for implementing wavelet transform. A faulty bearing vibration signal is measured from the test rig; thereafter the fast Fourier transform is plotted to show the critical frequencies, bearing characteristics frequency and its harmonics. A scalogram showing the energy levels of signal is plotted as result. Faulty signal is analyzed using wavelet transform.
Vibration Control by Time Delayed Linear and Non-Linear Acceleration Feedback
Authors: Mitra Ranjan Kumar , Banik Atul Krishna , Chatterjee Shymal
Published: July 2014

The forced Duffing oscillator is investigated by time-delayed linear and nonlinear acceleration feedbacks. The method of Slowly Varying Parameter (SVP) can efficiently develop frequency response curves with stability of solutions. Appreciable reduction in peak value of response and gradual reduction in the skew-ness in frequency response curve is observed with the introduction of gain and delay. For some values of control parameters the entrainment phenomena are also observed. Appropriate choice of gain and delay parameters are made from the primary stability zone of linear stability analysis graph. The results obtained by this method are compared with numerical integration (NI) method and they are in good agreement.
Vibration Control of Slab Breaker Machine by Passive Dual Mass Tuned Vibration Absorber
Authors: Sheth Anant J. , Parmar Pratikkumar Rajendralal , Solanki Brijesh L. , Sailor Nirav , Gohil Bhavin P. , Patel Harshitkumar A.
Published: July 2014

Tuned Vibration Absorber (TVA) is the best solution available to control/suppress vibrations of any dynamic systems. Dual mass Tuned Vibration Absorber are designed and implemented for the vibration control. Though the slab barker machine is operating at various natural frequencies, the Dual mass TVA can be designed to mitigate the vibrations depending on the position of mass. The experiments were carried out for various locations of mass. And it is found that the vibration /shock waves of slab breaker machine are absorbed by using a passive TVA system. By keeping the operating condition same it is practically found that at the location of 4cm the optimal vibration reduction obtained and the amplitude is found to be reduced by 37 %.
Dynamic – Thermal Analyses of a Structurally Reconfigured Electronics Package Onboard Mini Satellite
Authors: Veeramuthuvel P. , Jayaraman S. , Shankar Krishnapillai , Annadurai M. , Sharma A.K.
Published: July 2014

The electronics package in a spacecraft is subjected to a variety of dynamic loads during launch phase and suitable thermal environment for the mission life. The dynamic and thermal analyses performed for a structurally reconfigured electronics package. Two different simulation models are developed to carry out the analyses. This paper discusses in two parts, in part-1, the vibration responses are determined at various critical locations, including on the Printed Circuit Board (PCB) for the vibration loads specified by launch vehicle using Finite Element Analysis (FEA). The mechanical properties of PCB are determined from the test specimens, which are then incorporated in the finite element model. In part-2, the steady-state temperature distributions on the components and on the PCB are determined, to check the effectiveness of heat transfer path from the components to the base of the package and to verify the predicted values are within the acceptable temperature limits specified. The predicted temperature values are then compared with on-orbit observations.
Fuzzy Logic Control of Low Cost Obstacle Climbing Robot
Authors: Elayaraja D. , S Ramabalan
Published: July 2014

This paper deals with the design of wheeled mobile robot that will able to climb an obstacle and describes the fuzzy logic control of the obstacle climbing of the robot. The controller is 2 input and single output system. The controller is simulated in Mat lab. The 3D model of the mobile robot with eight wheels was designed using solid works and fabricated. The simulated result is compared with actual result.
Ground Controlled Auto Piloting
Authors: Srivatsan S. , Pavithran P. , Prajit R. , Sathwik V.
Published: July 2014

This paper deals with the new idea of implementing the auto piloting system that can be controlled from the ground. The ground controlled auto piloting system consists of microcontrollers that connect electric motors with various flying parts of the aero plane. The motors rotate as power is supplied from the programmed microcontroller.The working of the full system is made possible with the help of satellite navigation system, where wireless control on the flight from ground is not interrupted on any part of the earth. The objective of this method is that flights that suffer from a sudden knock out of pilot or a hijack can be managed from the ground by the authorized personnel in the ground (airport).
Modern Advancement of Hydraulic Motor: A Review
Authors: Das Jayanta , Sujit Kumar , Mishra Santosh Kumar , Kumar Ajit , Kumar Niranjan , Paswan Ramashankar
Published: July 2014

This paper focuses on the recent advancements made in hydraulic motor. Various parameters of hydraulic motors are studied and their performance with respect to the parameters is studied. nonlinear dynamics model, Gear motor, swash plate motor, radial piston hydraulic motor etc have been examined. Fault diagnosis, dynamic vibration, frictional analysis and speed variation are some of the issues which are being discussed in the paper. The performance results showed that the amplitude of vibration increased with the increase of output torque of the water hydraulic motor and the hydraulic motor with planetary gear train has the advantages of large unit volume displacement and small flow rate fluctuation ratio. Some measures were proposed to improve the low-speed stability of the hydraulic motor.
Keywords-hydraulic motor, nonlinear dynamics, hydraulic spring
Performance Analysis of Sculptured Diaphragm for Low Pressure MEMS Sensors
Authors: Sindhanaiselvi D. , Natarajan R. Ananda , Shanmuganantham T.
Published: July 2014

Sculptured or Bossed diaphragm is a specialized geometry with rigid center or boss. This paper presents the outcome of design approaches of sculptured diaphragm structure for low pressure applications. The simulation results are obtained using Intellisuite MEMS CAD design tool. The results indicate that sculptured diaphragm are designed with minimum thickness, compensating the large (a/h) ratio with local stiffening by means of rigid center and better linearity. Further, the maximum stress regions are analyzed for fixing the position of the piezoresistor. Finally, the sensitivity is improved by using the Silicon-On-Insulator (SOI) diaphragms.
Simulation and Implementation of Single Phase Boost – Buck Rectifier Using SPMC Topology with Reduced Input Current THD
Authors: Giri Ajay , Saini Lalit Mohan
Published: July 2014

Simulation of single phase buck boost rectifier with reduced input current THD using single phase matrix converter topology is describing in this paper. Due to the bidirectional feather the operation for buck-boost rectifier can be made through matrix converter topology. And this is possible by the proper switching algorithm to control the switches for their boost and buck operation. The input current nature is almost sinusoidal with low current total current harmonics and the level of THD is below than limit that was defined in the standards of IEEE. With the proper variation in modulation index corresponding changes in the output voltage is observed of buck-boost rectifier. For the synthesis of the output voltage Pulse width modulation (PWM) technique is used. The simulation results using MATLAB/Simulink are providing to validate the feasibility of this proposed method
Spatially Hyper-Redundant Robotic Inverse Kinematics by Discrete Link Characterization
Authors: Nagarajan Anand , Joseph Winston S. , Venugopal S.
Published: July 2014

In this paper, a novel design of a multi-sectioned, remotely-actuated, continuum type manipulator is presented. Spatially Hyper-Redundant Robot (SHRR) is based on a continuous backbone model which is divided into four sections. In the area of hyper redundant robotics, kinematic redundant systems result in non square Jacobian matrix which requires a pseudo inverse method to inverse the matrix. A methodology has been devised to solve the Inverse Kinematics (IK) problem of SHRR by predicting the curvature values of each of the section. Redundant IK techniques like Pseudo-Inverse Method (PIM), Jacobian Transpose Method (JTM), Damped Least Squares Method (DLS) and Selectively Damped Least Squares Method (SDLS) are tested on the formulated kinematic model of SHRR using MATLAB and a comparative study has been made.
Optimization of PID Parameters in Electro-Hydraulic Actuator System Using Genetic Algorithm
Authors: Bellad Kiran , Hiremath Somashekhar S. , Singaperumal M. , Karunanidhi S.
Published: July 2014

Electro-Hydraulic Actuator (EHA) replaces centralized hydraulic system by a local compact actuator system. It is gaining more attention due to its compactness and reliability. The control method should be appropriate to achieve accurate position control and stability. The EHA system model is developed in AMESim software and Proportional-Integral-Derivative (PID) control is used for position tracking of the cylinder. Design Exploration facility of AMESim software provides a platform to optimize PID parameters using Genetic Algorithm (GA). Simulation results show that position tracking with no overshoot and less settling time.
Simulation Study on Different Energy Efficient Hydraulic System: An Overview
Authors: Paswan Ramashankar , Das J. , Kumar N. , Kumar Ajit , Mishra Santosh K. , Sujit Kumar
Published: July 2014

In this paper, a new hydraulic energy-regenerative model was offered from its application through modelling to its control. The model was constructed on a closed-loop hydrostatic transmission and used a hydraulic accumulator as the energy storage system invented in a new configuration to recover the kinetic energy without any return of the fluid flow. The displacement deviation in the secondary unit was reduced, increasing the uses of several types of hydraulic motor/pumps. The proposed system was modelled based on its physical features. The energy consumption and the influences on the energy-recovery potential of the system were analyzed. Simulation and experiments were performed to evaluate the validity of the employed mathematical model and the effectiveness of the control system. Keywords: Hydraulic accumulator, Hydraulic system, Energy recovery.
Speed Control of a Hydraulic Motor
Authors: Hasan Md Ehtesham , Ghoshal Sanjoy K. , Dasgupta K.
Published: July 2014

In this article a negative feedback Proportional Integral (PI) control of pump displacement is presented to attain desired speed of hydromotor in the loading circuit of a pedagogical open loop Hydrostatic transmission system (HST) under varying load condition. By using the state equations derived from model, a novel system inversion procedure is proposed to obtain the required pump displacement. The control strategy through system inversion is validated through bond graph model simulation.
Effect of Process Parameters on Heat Affected Zone in Micro Machining of Borosilicate Glass Using μ-ECDM Process
Authors: Paul Lijo , Somashekhar S. Hiremath
Published: July 2014

Application of borosilicate glass in Micro Electro Mechanical Systems (MEMS) devices are increasing due to many of its intrigue properties. Micro machining of glass for such applications needs hybrid technology so as to produce precise products. Electro Chemical Discharge Machining (ECDM) has proved immense potential in micro machining of glass. Present paper focuses on the effect of various process parameters of μ-ECDM on Heat Affected Zone (HAZ) while machining borosilicate glass. Grey Relation Analysis (GRA) is used to optimize the process variables. The optimized process variables are confirmed with experimental results.
Study of Energy Recycling in Electro-Hydraulic System
Authors: Das Jayanta , Mishra Santosh Kumar , Kumar Ajit , Kumar Niranjan , Sujit Kumar , Paswan Ramashankar
Published: July 2014

Environmental and energy issues demand the construction equipment industry to develop more efficient and energy saving machines as they have done to the automotive industry in the last decade. This energy of traditional excavator is lost in the form of heat energy. Heavy earth moving equipments such as excavators, loaders and forklift trucks have unique power train mechanism, thus the focus on important issues like efficiency improvement or energy savings holds great value. Hence, the need of the hour is to develop machinery which can match the necessities and challenges of the ever evolving industry in terms of energy saving management. In this context, hybrid excavators have been ushered in currently. Here system translates the arm/boom/buck’s potential energy into electrical energy and then the electrical energy is stored in a storage device. It develops a set of energy management strategy to make the recoverable energy usage efficiently. The advancements in the field of heavy machineries holds key in future of hybrid excavators. Keywords-hybrid excavator; potential energy recovery; arm; energy saving
Preparation of MR Fluid and Modeling of Magneto Rheological Fluid Brake (MRB)
Authors: Thanikachalam J. , Jinu G.S. , Nagaraj P.
Published: July 2014

Magneto-rheological fluids are smart fluids displaying flow properties that can be adjusted by the introduction of magnetic fields. Conventional brakes require complex mechanical parts to dissipate energy, they are having more weight, produce less braking torque and the time of response is about 300-500 milliseconds and hence brake distance is high. A Magneto-rheological fluid brake is efficient than conventional braking system in terms of the weight reduction, and response time. In this paper MR fluid is prepard and an improved MRB design is made, taking into account the temperature effects and more accurate description of the material properties as well. The proposed work is concerned with the development of a new Brake-by-wire system which employs MRF as working medium. The design procedure comprises the selection of materials for MRB, creating an analytical model for finding the braking torque produced by the MRB and Finite Element Analysis of the MRB.
A Low Temperature Co-Fired Ceramic Microfluidic Cell Counter
Authors: Rathi A. Priya , Juliet A. Vimala
Published: July 2014

A three-dimensional microfluidic biosensor has been successfully designed using a low temperature co-fired ceramic (LTCC) technology. This microfluidic sensor consists of mixing, focusing and measuring region. The mixing region is a rectangular shaped channel, to enable the complete mixing of sample and buffered saline solution. An electrode pair in the focusing region uses negative dielectrophoretic forces to direct the cells from all directions of the channel towards the center. The measuring region consists of eleven pairs of gold plated electrodes to measure the change in impedance whenever a cell passes through it. The layout of the design is made using AUTOCAD tool and simulated using COMSOL Multiphysics. The results demonstrate the mixing efficiency of two fluids for different velocities.
Design and Simulation of Automotive Seat Height Adjuster Driving Mechanism Based on Multi-Body Dynamics
Authors: Nandurkar Rahul Dilip , Mohanty Akash , Barath P.
Published: July 2014

The paper presents a technique to simulate driving mechanism in automotive seat height adjuster. Simulation is done using multi-body dynamic software ADAMS. The exercise included development of an accurate model using design tool. The design model is then converted to simulation tool. Selected operating force is applied and simulated. The area of focus is forces between two gear meshing parts. Simulation result is then compared with analytical calculation. Validation is also made for the considered factor of safety.
Fabrication and Experimentation of a Cantilever Beam Based Piezoelectric Actuator and Sensor for Vibration Energy Harvesting
Authors: Samal Prasanta Kumar , Malik Pramod Kumar , Babu Avinash , Shanthakumar G.C.
Published: July 2014

In the immediate surroundings of our daily life, we can find a lot of places where the energy in the form of vibration is being wasted. Therefore, we have enormous opportunities to utilize the same. Piezoelectric character of matter enables us to convert this mechanical vibration energy into electrical energy which can be stored and used to power other device, instead of being wasted. This work is done to realize both actuator and sensor in a cantilever beam based on piezoelectricity. The sensor part is called vibration energy harvester. The numerical analyses were performed for the cantilever beam using the commercial package ANSYS and MATLAB. The cantilever beam is realized by taking a plate and fixing its one end between two massive plates. Two PZT patches were glued to the beam on its two faces. Experiments were performed using data acquisition system (DAQ) and LABVIEW software for actuating and sensing the vibration of the cantilever beam.
A Study on White Layer Thickness and Surface Crack Density in Rotary EDM of RENE80 Nickel Superalloy
Authors: Balraj U. Shrinivas , Anitha P. , Gopalakrishna A.
Published: July 2014

In this paper, rotary electrical discharge machining of RENE 80 nickel super alloy is carried out to study the effect of process parameters like peak current, pulse on time, pulse off time and rotational speed of electrode on surface integrity characteristics like white layer thickness and surface crack density. The number of experiments, optimum levels of the parameters and their effects are studied using Taguchi method. The significant process parameters are identified using analysis of variance. It is found that the responses are affected mainly by peak current and pulse on time. The experimental results reveal that white layer thickness increases with increase of peak current and pulse on time whereas the surface crack density decreases with increase of peak current and pulse on time.
Design and Movement Analysis of Single Roller Omni Directional Wheeled Robot for Different Assembly Structures
Authors: Mohanraj A. P. , Elango A. , Ragavendhiran D. , Raja P.Vignesh , Ashok K.
Published: July 2014

This paper addresses the movement analysis of square structured and triangular structured Omni directional mobile robots and its combination in the form of octagonal structured mobile robot. The Omni wheel used in this research is having 8 rollers made up of synthetic rubber coated polypropylene rollers. An experiment was setup to analyse the movement of the square, triangular and octagonal structured robot in x-axis, y-axis and rotary motion. This experiment is an attempt of combining square structure and triangular structure robot in a single robot. Omni Directional mobile robot creates another step in the field of mobile robotics.
Effect of Tool Rotational Speed on Microstructure and Microhardness of AA6082/TiC Surface Composites using Friction Stir Processing
Authors: Thangarasu A. , Murugan N. , Dinaharan I. , Vijay S.J.
Published: July 2014

Friction stir processing (FSP) is as a novel modifying technique to synthesize surface composites. An attempt has been made to synthesis AA6082/TiC surface composite using FSP and to analyze the effect of tool rotational speed on microstructure and microhardness of the same. The tool rotational speed was varied from 800 rpm to 1600 rpm in steps of 400 rpm. The traverse speed, axial force, groove width and tool pin profile were kept constant. Scanning electron microscopy was employed to study the microstructure of the fabricated surface composites. The results indicated that the tool rotational speed significantly influenced the area of the surface composite and distribution of TiC particles. Higher rotational speed provided homogenous distribution of TiC particles while lower rotational speed caused poor distribution of TiC particles in the surface composite. The effect of the tool rotational speed on microhardness is also reported in this paper.
Design and Economic Analysis of a Combined Desalination Plant Using Parabolic Trough Collectors and Solar Photo Voltaic Technology
Authors: Aditya Shah Rajeshbhai , Ramsankar V.
Published: July 2014

Parabolic trough collectors (PTCs) and Solar Photo Voltaic (SPV) cells are employed for a variety of applications including steam generation, pumping etc. This paper mainly deals with a design of a 24 hours running solar based desalination plant comprising of parabolic trough collectors (PTCs) and Solar Photo Voltaic (SPV) cells. This paper provides information about the PTCs and SPVs required to run a desalination plant for 24 hours and producing 12,000 litres of fresh drinking water per day which can be fed to a community of 3,000 people.
Experimental Investigations on a 1.00 m2 Solar Gel Pond
Authors: Sozhan Natarajan , Senthilvelan Thiyagarajan , Kaliyappan T. , Rapaka E. Vijayakrishna , Sivapirakasam S.P.
Published: July 2014

— In the present work, a 1 m2 solar gel pond was fabricated and tested. Experiments were performed on a 1.0 m2 Solar Gel Pond area at Karaikal, Pondicherry, India (Latitude 10.55° N & Longitudinal 79.52° E). The experimental investigation were carried out in to study the influence of Upper Gel layer thickness (UGL), Salinity of Lower Convective Storage Zone (LCSZ), Depth of LCSZ on the storage temperature of the solar gel pond. The maximum storage temperature of 65.5 °C was achieved in a span of 15 days. Keywords—solar gel pond, polymer gel, storage temperature, solar energy
Improving the Productivity of the Single Basin Solar still
Authors: Rajan Senthil , Raja K
Published: July 2014

A single basin single slope solar still with 0.82mx 0.81m x 0.75m has been fabricated with G.I sheet and tested with different water depths of 2,3,4cm. Various solid and liquid sensible heat storage materials, Evaporative surface materials are used in the form of billets, in the still. To reduce glass cover temperature the outer glass was cooled by using sprinkler manually at regular interval of time. Theoretical analysis was performed and compared with experimental values. The performances of modified still were compared with conventional still of same size running under the same meteorological conditions. The solid sensible heat storage materials produces48% more productivity than conventional still. Liquid sensible heat storage material produces 19% more than conventional in till. The payback period of the still was 340 days.
Modelling and Economic Analysis of an Improved Duplex Solar still
Authors: Murugan Deepak Kumar , Natarajan Elumalai
Published: July 2014

Water is one of the most significant substances on earth. With growing population and exploitation of resources, the quality and availability of water is deflating. Many conventional methods like reverse osmosis, electrolysis and in situ chemical oxidation are being used for water purification. Solar distillation, a simple and economical method using renewable solar energy is being considered in various parts of the world. Research is carried out in various parts of the world to improve the efficiency of this process. In this paper an attempt is made to model the performance of a solar still and is used to analyse the performance of an improved solar still which has an additional compartment placed above the conventional solar still in order to increase its yield for the same area. The water held in the top compartment is heated with the help of solar radiation and hot water is supplied into the bottom compartment of the solar still through a flat plate collector of 1 m2. The model indicates that with an inclusion of top compartment, the yield of the modified duplex solar still increases by 128 %. The effective area of the solar still is 1 m2. The angle of inclination of the glass cover is taken as 19o and the thickness of the glass cover for the top and bottom still is considered as 3 mm and 6 mm respectively. The payback period and the cost per litre of potable water produced with modified solar still is calculated and is compared with the conventional solar still.
Novel Design of Solar Cooker with Bottom Feed
Authors: Saxena Sanyam , Muralidharan Akhil
Published: July 2014

Efforts for harnessing solar energy were made many decades ago. Solar cooking was opted worldwide as a convenient and economical method to cook food. Since then, several investigators have studied various aspects of solar cooking. The studies on solar cookers can be broadly classified into the following categories: (a) design, fabrication and testing of new types of solar cookers, (b) methods of boosting the solar energy on the cooker aperture using booster mirrors,(c) energy storage types of cookers, for use indoors and also during off sunshine periods, (d) tests on different types of cooking vessels and (e) modeling and simulation techniques.
Effect of Upset Current in Magnetically Impelled Arc Butt (MIAB) Welding of Carbon Steel Tubes
Authors: Sivasankari R. , Balusamy V. , Buvanashekaran G.
Published: July 2014

Magnetically Impelled Arc Butt (MIAB) welding is an unique forge welding process in which an arc is drawn in the gap between the two tubes to be welded in order to raise them to a high temperature to allow forging to form a solid state weld. This paper presents the investigations carried out on MIAB welding trials of carbon steel tubes with varying upset current. Upset current is the short pulse of high current applied prior to upset. It plays a significant role in expulsion of molten metal and impurity from weld interface. This study aims at studying the effect of upset current on weld properties. Carbon steel tubes of SA-210 Grade A have been chosen with outside diameter of 44 mm and thickness of 4.5 mm. Mechanical and microstructural characterization of MIAB weldments was carried out. Good correlation exists between the mechanical properties/microstructure and upset current. Lower upset current has detrimental effect on weld tensile strength due to incomplete expulsion of decarburized zone.
Relation between Collector Efficiency Factor and the Centre to Centre Distance of Absorber Tubes of Solar Flat-Plate Collector
Authors: Meena Sunita , Meena Chandan Swaroop , Bajpai V.K.
Published: July 2014

Solar energy collectors are a special kind of heat exchangers that transform solar radiation energy to internal energy of the transport medium. The major component of any solar system is the solar collector. This is a device which absorbs the incoming solar radiation, converts it into heat, and transfers this heat to a fluid (usually air, water, or oil) flowing through the collector. The measurement of the flat plate collector performance is the collector efficiency. The collector efficiency is the ratio of the useful energy gain to the incident solar energy over a particular period of time. The useful energy gain is strongly depends on the collector efficiency factor and this factor directly influenced by few parameters i.e. the centre to centre distance of absorber tubes W , thickness of absorber plate δ and heat loss coefficient UL. This paper has been focused on the relation between W with collector efficiency factor of serpentine tube solar flat-plate collector. This study shows that if we increase the W then Fˈ decreases.
Simulation of Hydrodynamic Conditions of a Photobioreactor for Microalgae Cultivation
Authors: Chatterjee Sushovan , Paul Sanjoy
Published: July 2014

Under optimum environmental conditions, microalgae are able to accumulate significant amounts of lipids within diminutive span. They are therefore established as promising candidates for the production of biodiesel. In order to develop this, and also to cut down the cost parameter involving the production of biodiesel from algae, the growth rate of algae has to be enhanced. To maintain the proper condition for their growth, closed cultivation is the best option for which different types of reactor are used. Bubble column reactor, is one among them, where the mixing rate of algae with nutrients, growth rate increases. This paper reported the design modification of spiral column reactor which will have better mixing rate than conventional bubble column reactor in turn more mass transfer due to more turbulence which can be seen by analyzing the turbulence kinetic energy against radius for both the reactors, for that CFX solver is been used.
Biomass Briquette Characterization for Downdraft Gasification
Authors: Shelke Gajanan Namdeorao , Mahanta P.
Published: July 2014

The present study involves the preparation and characterization of the biomass briquettes made from saw dust and rice husk. Five samples with different compositions were prepared using the old news papers as the binder for both the biomass. Ultimate analysis, proximate analysis, heating value and handling characteristic of all the samples were determined. It was observed that the compositions of the biomass sawdust (BMS)-15 and biomass rice husk (BMR)-15 are suitable for the downdraft gasifier.
Effect of Weight Percentage on Mechanical Properties of Fused Silica Particulate Reinforced Nickel Alloy (M 35-1) Composite, with Influence of Chills
Authors: Purushotham G. , Hemanth Joel
Published: July 2014

History is often marked by the materials and technology that reflect human capability and understanding. Many a times scales begins with the stone age, which led to the bronze, iron, steel, aluminium and alloy ages as improvements in refining, smelting took place. Science made all these possible to move towards finding more advanced materials.Therefore in the present research work, an investigation has been carried out to fabricate and evaluate the microstructure, strength, micro hardness of chilled composites consisting of nickel matrix and fused SiO2 particles as the reinforcement (size 40-150 μm) in the matrix. The reinforcement being added ranges from 3 to 9 wt. % in steps of 3%. The resulting composites cast in moulds containing metallic chill blocks (MS, SiC & Cu) were tested for their microstructure and mechanical properties. The main objective of the present research is to obtain fine grain Ni/SiO2 chilled sound composite having very good mechanical properties. A detail of melting and composite preparation is described elsewhere by number of researchers. After melting the matrix material in an induction furnace at around 1600 °C in an inert atmosphere, coated fused SiO2 particles preheated to 500 °C were introduced evenly into the molten metal alloy by means of special feeding attachments. The moulds for the plate type of castings 150*20*20 mm (American Foundrymen Society standard) were prepared using silica sand with 5% bentonite as binder and 5% moisture and finally they were dried in an air furnace at a temperature of 1580 °C, which was cooled from one end by a chill block set in the mould. After solidification the specimens of chill end were tested for various mechanical and microstructural studies. Keywords: Metal matrix composite, Mechanical properties, Nickel alloy, Fused silica, Chills.
Adaptive Algorithms for Active Noise Cancellation Using Time-Varying Convergence Coefficient
Authors: Bharti Gaurav , Ghangale Dhananjay , Manik Dhanesh
Published: July 2014

— The performance of an ANC system depends on the convergence factor. A suitable value of convergence coefficient is extremely important as it impacts both the speed of convergence and the stability of the adaptive algorithm. Traditionally, in active noise control systems fixed convergence factor is used. In this paper, a novel approach of time-varying convergence factor μ is used and the results are compared with traditional feedforward and feedback noise control systems. This algorithm leads to faster convergence and provides reduced mean-squared error compared to the conventional fixed parameter algorithm.