bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
No evidence for population-level benefits of polyandry in sharks and rays
Authors: Gayford Joel H. , Flores-Flores Estefanía M.
Published: September 2024

Mating system variation refers to the spectrum between genetic monogamy and polyandry, and has important consequences for sexual conflict, sexual selection and individual fitness in animals. Theoretically this variation could also have substantial population-level effects, influencing population viability and extinction risk. Evidence for these effects is mixed, in part due to the fact that substantial environmental change is thought to be required for them to have visible demographic consequences. In this study we test for the presence of relationships between polyandry and population status in Elasmobranchii (sharks and rays). Elasmobranchii is a large vertebrate clade that exhibits substantial interspecific variation in both genetic mating system and population status, as well as being subject to intense anthropogenically-mediated environmental change. We also predict past macroevolutionary shifts in genetic mating system through elasmobranch phylogeny. Our results show that both genetic monogamy and polyandry have evolved multiple times independently within Elasmobranchii, and we suggest that both of these extremes represent alternative adaptive strategies that are favoured under discrete ecological and biological conditions. Nevertheless, there is no evidence of population-level consequences of mating system variation in elasmobranchs. These results are significant as they suggest that mating system variation in this clade is unlikely to be a major determinant of extinction vulnerability. Ultimately additional work will be required, however this study improves our understanding of the evolutionary dynamics underlying mating system variation in elasmobranchs, and the potential for resultant population-level consequences.
Deep-sea cabled video-observatory provides insights into the behavior at depth of sub-adult male northern elephant seals, Mirounga angustirostris
Authors: Frouin-Mouy Héloïse , Rountree Rodney , Juanes Francis , Aguzzi Jacopo , De Leo Fabio C.
Published: September 2024

The Ocean Networks Canada (ONC) cabled video-observatory at the Barkley Canyon Node (British Columbia, Canada) was recently the site of a Fish Acoustics and Attraction Experiment (FAAE), from May 21, 2022 to July 16, 2023, combining observations from High-Definition (HD) video, acoustic imaging sonar, and underwater sounds at a depth of 645 m, to examine the effects of light and bait on deep-sea fish and invertebrate behaviors. The unexpected presence of at least eight (six recurrent and two temporary) sub-adult male northern elephant seals (Mirounga angustirostris) was reported in 113 and 210 recordings out of 9737 HD and 2805 sonar videos at the site, respectively. Elephant seals were found at the site during seven distinct periods between June 22, 2022 and May 19, 2023. Ethograms provided insights into the seal’s deep-sea resting and foraging strategies, including prey selection. We hypothesized that the ability of elephant seals to perform repeated visits to the same site over long periods (> 10 days) was due to the noise generated by the sonar, suggesting that they learned to use that anthropogenic source as an indicator of food location, also known as the “dinner bell” effect. One interpretation is that elephant seals are attracted to the FAAE site due to the availability of prey and use the infrastructure as a foraging and resting site, but then take advantage of fish disturbance caused by the camera lights to improve foraging success. Our video observations demonstrated that northern elephant seals primarily focused on actively swimming sablefish (Anoplopoma fimbria), ignoring stationary or drifting prey. Moreover, we found that elephant seals appear to produce (voluntary or involuntary) infrasonic sounds in a foraging context. This study highlights the utility of designing marine observatories with spatially and temporally cross-referenced data collection from instruments representing multiple modalities of observation.
Fuzzy clustering of 24–2 visual field patterns can detect glaucoma progression
Authors: Kim Hwayeong , Moon Sangwoo , Lee Joohwang , Kim EunAh , Jin Sang Wook , Kim Jung Lim , Lee Seung Uk , Kim Jinmi , Yoo Seungtae , Lee Jiwon , Song Giltae , Lee Jiwoong
Published: September 2024

Purpose

To represent 24–2 visual field (VF) losses of individual patients using a hybrid approach of archetypal analysis (AA) and fuzzy c-means (FCM) clustering.

Methods

In this multicenter retrospective study, we classified characteristic patterns of 24–2 VF using AA and decomposed them with FCM clustering. We predicted the change in mean deviation (MD) through supervised machine learning from decomposition coefficient change. In addition, we compared the areas under the receiver operating characteristic curves (AUCs) of the decomposition coefficient slopes to detect VF progression using three criteria: MD slope, Visual Field Index slope, and pointwise linear regression analysis.

Results

We identified 16 characteristic patterns (archetypes or ATs) of 24–2 VF from 132,938 VFs of 18,033 participants using AA. The hybrid approach using FCM revealed a lower mean squared error and greater correlation coefficient than the AA single approach for predicting MD change (all P ≤ 0.001). Three of 16 AUCs of the FCM decomposition coefficient slopes outperformed the AA decomposition coefficient slopes in detecting VF progression for all three criteria (AT5, superior altitudinal defect; AT10, double arcuate defect; AT13, total loss) (all P ≤ 0.028).

Conclusion

A hybrid approach combining AA and FCM to analyze 24–2 VF can visualize VF tests in characteristic patterns and enhance detection of VF progression with lossless decomposition.
Y-Chromosomal insights into the paternal genealogy of the Kerey tribe have called into question their descent from the Stepfather of Genghis Khan
Authors: Zhabagin Maxat , Bukayev Alizhan , Dyussenova Zhanargul , Zhuraliyeva Altyn , Tashkarayeva Assel , Zhunussova Aigul , Aidarov Baglan , Darmenov Akynkali , Akilzhanova Ainur , Schamiloglu Uli , Sabitov Zhaxylyk
Published: September 2024

The Kerey is one of the prominent Kazakh tribes and has long been a subject of ethnographic scrutiny, with a lack of consensus on its origin and traditional genealogy. Their historical significance, intertwined with the emergence of the empire established by Genghis Khan, necessitates a comprehensive understanding of their genetic history. This study focuses on unraveling the genetic heritage of the Kerey tribe. We conducted a comprehensive analysis of Y-chromosome data from genetic genealogy as citizen science and genetic screening of 23 Y-STRs and 37 Y-SNPs on 207 males from the Kerey tribe within academic science. Our results reveal two prevalent phylogenetic lineages within the C2a1a3a-F3796 haplogroup, also known as the C2*-Star Cluster (C2*-ST), which is one of the founding paternal lineages of the ancient Niru’un clan of the Mongols: C2-FT411734 and C2-FT224144, corresponding to the Abak and Ashamaily clans. While indicating a common male ancestry for them, our findings challenge the notion that they are full siblings. Additionally, genetic diversity analysis of the Y-chromosomes in the Kerey tribe and Kazakhs confirms their kinship with the Uissun tribe but refutes the claim of the Abak clan’s progenitor originating from this tribe. Furthermore, genetic evidence fails to support popular historical and ethnographic hypotheses regarding the Kerey tribe’s kinship with the Uak, Sirgeli, Adai, Törtkara, Karakerey, and Kereyit Kazakh tribes. The absence of a genetic paternal connection with the Kereyt tribe raises doubts about the genealogical link between the Kerey tribe and the stepfather of Genghis Khan.
TruckSim-based study of the rollover accident mechanisms of container semitrailers on freeway interchange loop ramps
Authors: Zhang Shibo , Yang Xuefeng , Liu Yishan , Wang Li , Li Pingfei , Li Hui , Luo Yong , Li Yi , Liu Qiaoyuan
Published: September 2024

In this study, to investigate the factors affecting container semitrailer rollovers while driving on interchange loop ramps, a simulation model was established in TruckSim on the basis of data collected from an in-depth investigation of the vehicle, road, and driving behaviors in a real accident. The established model was validated by reproducing the accident in a simulation. The effects of vehicle speed, the height of the cargo’s center of gravity, tractor-semitrailer interactions, and the radius of the circular curve on container semitrailer rollover were investigated using the established model. The results reveal that if the height of the container semitrailer is within the limits in Chinese standards and the container semitrailer is moving at a speed of less than 45.3 km/h, it can safely travel through a loop ramp with a circular curve radius of 60 m. The height of the cargo’s center of gravity and the lateral load transfer ratio have a negative relationship, and a higher center of gravity reduces the safe speed for a container semitrailer traveling through a loop ramp. During rollover, the rear axle of the semitrailer first begins to roll over and then drives the tractor to overturn.
Study on the corrosion behavior and mechanical response of weakly cemented sandstone in alkaline solutions
Authors: Zhang Jie , Zhuo Qingsong , Zheng Qian , Wang Bin , Zhang Mingang , Zhao Xiaoyu , Geng Jigang , Li Xiaoshi , Bao Ruoyu
Published: September 2024

This study examines the corrosion characteristics of weakly cemented sandstone under alkaline conditions, evaluating the effects of varying pH levels on its macroscopic degradation, micro-porosity, and mechanical properties, notably uniaxial compressive strength. Findings reveal that heightened alkalinity exacerbates rock damage, although a temporary alleviation in mass loss occurs between pH 9 and 11 due to pore clogging by complexes formed from cations like Ca2+ and Mg2+.Increased alkalinity induces marked changes in pore features, with an observed rise in pore numbers, transformation of pore shapes from elongated to more spherical, and adjustments in porosity, pore size, and roundness. Furthermore, the study confirms a decline in both the rock’s compressive strength and elastic modulus as pH rises. These revelations shed light on the role of pH in the corrosion behavior of weakly cemented sandstone under alkaline conditions, providing a fresh perspective for understanding its corrosion mechanisms in such environments.
The mediation effects of COVID-19-related traumatic stress symptoms and mentalization on the relationship between perceived stress and psychological well-being in healthcare workers transitioning to a post-pandemic world
Authors: Wang Qian , Zhou You , Wang Gang , Pan Xinyu , Sha Sha , Wang Zhe , Liu Yinqi , Tian Tengfei , Liang Sixiang
Published: September 2024

Background

In context of COVID-19 as a collective trauma and the intense involvement of healthcare workers (HCWs) in the pandemic, perceived stress continues to have a tremendous impact on their psychological well-being. However, few studies have attempted to delineate the underlying mechanisms. This study examined whether COVID-19-related traumatic stress symptoms and mentalization act as mediators.

Methods

A sample of HCWs (N = 2610) from 22 hospitals in Beijing, China participated in this cross-sectional investigation. Data on their perceived stress, psychological well-being, the impact of event, and reflective function during the COVID-19 pandemic were collected using self-report questionnaires. Different mediating models were tested.

Results

COVID-19-related stress symptoms and mentalization independently mediate the association between perceived stress and psychological well-being. These two mediators also compose a serial mediation model. In particular, higher perceived stress inhibits the psychological well-being of HCWs through increased severity of traumatic stress symptoms, which in turn is associated with hypomentalizing.

Conclusion

These findings shed light on the mechanisms underlying the relationship between perceived stress and psychological well-being in HCWs. We strongly recommend incorporating a mentalization framework with trauma-informed practice in prevention and intervention work with this population during this and future healthcare crisis.
The predicting formula and scoring system for cardiac iron overload for thalassaemia children: Study from a middle-income country
Authors: Rohimi Syarif , Siswanto Bambang Budi , Mansyur Muchtaruddin , Gatot Djajadiman , Sutanto Ina , Pandelaki Jacub , Soesanto Amiliana M. , Ontoseno Teddy
Published: September 2024

Magnetic resonance imaging T2* screening is the gold standard for detecting cardiac iron overload in thalassemia, but its implementation in Indonesia is limited by the high costs. A predicting formula and scoring system based on low-cost investigations is needed. This cross-sectional study was conducted among thalassemia aged 6–18 years at Rumah Sakit Anak dan Bunda RSAB Harapan Kita Indonesia, during October 2017 to April 2019. All subjects were scheduled for clinical examination, laboratory tests, ECGs, echocardiography, tissue Doppler imaging, and MRIT2*. Multivariate logistic regression was used to identify the formula, simplifying to a scoring system, and risk classification for myocardial iron overload using odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI). Significance was set as p<0,05. We recruited 80 children, of those, 8 (10%) were classified as cardiac iron overload based on MRI T2* screening. Multivariate logistic regression showed determinant factors for cardiac iron overload were hemoglobin (95% CI:1.92–369.14), reticulocyte (95% CI:1.14–232.33), mitral deceleration time (DT) (95% CI:1.80–810.62,), and tricuspid regurgitation (TR Vmax) (95% CI:1.87–1942.56) with aOR of 26.65, 14.27, 38.22, and 60.27 respectively. The formula for cardiac iron overload was decided as 9.32 + 3.28 (Hb) + 2.9 (reticulocyte) + 3.64 (DT) + 4.1 (TR Vmax). A scoring system was defined by simplifying the formula of Hb ≤ 8.2 g/L, reticulocyte ≤0.33%, DT ≤ 114.5 cm/s, and TR Vmax ≥ 2.37 m/s were given a score of 1, while others were assigned 0. Total scores of 0 or 1, 2 and 3 or 4 were categorized as low, moderate, and high risk for iron cardiac overload. The cardiac iron overload formula was 9.32 + 3.28 (Hb) + 2.9 (reticulocyte) + 3.64 (DT) + 4.1 (TR Vmax). Variables of Hb ≤ 8.2 g/L, reticulocyte ≤0.33%, DT ≤ 114.5 cm/s, and TR Vmax ≥ 2.37 m/s were given a score of 1, while others were assigned 0. Total scores of 0 or 1, 2, and 3 or 4 were categorized as low, moderate, and high risk for iron cardiac overload.
A new mechanistic model for individual growth applied to insects under ad libitum conditions
Authors: Mauritsson Karl , Jonsson Tomas
Published: September 2024

Metabolic theories in ecology interpret ecological patterns at different levels through the lens of metabolism, typically applying allometric power scaling laws to describe rates of energy use. This requires a sound theory for metabolism at the individual level. Commonly used mechanistic growth models lack some potentially important aspects and fail to accurately capture a growth pattern often observed in insects. Recently, a new model (MGM–the Maintenance-Growth Model) was developed for ontogenetic and post-mature growth, based on an energy balance that expresses growth as the net result of assimilation and metabolic costs for maintenance and feeding. The most important contributions of MGM are: 1) the division of maintenance costs into a non-negotiable and a negotiable part, potentially resulting in maintenance costs that increase faster than linearly with mass and are regulated in response to food restriction; 2) differentiated energy allocation strategies between sexes and 3) explicit description of costs for finding and processing food. MGM may also account for effects of body composition and type of growth at the cellular level. The model was here calibrated and evaluated using empirical data from an experiment on house crickets growing under ad libitum conditions. The procedure involved parameter estimations from the literature and collected data, using statistical models to account for individual variation in parameter values. It was found that ingestion rate cannot be generally described by a simple allometry, here requiring a more complex description after maturity. Neither could feeding costs be related to ingestion rate in a simplistic manner. By the unusual feature of maintenance costs increasing faster than linearly with body mass, MGM could well capture the differentiated growth patterns of male and female crickets. Some other mechanistic growth models have been able to provide good predictions of insect growth during early ontogeny, but MGM may accurately describe the trajectory until terminated growth.
Prior exposure to pathogens augments host heterogeneity in susceptibility and has key epidemiological consequences
Authors: Hawley Dana M. , Pérez-Umphrey Anna A. , Adelman James S. , Fleming-Davies Arietta E. , Garrett-Larsen Jesse , Geary Steven J. , Childs Lauren M. , Langwig Kate E.
Published: September 2024

Pathogen epidemics are key threats to human and wildlife health. Across systems, host protection from pathogens following initial exposure is often incomplete, resulting in recurrent epidemics through partially-immune hosts. Variation in population-level protection has important consequences for epidemic dynamics, but how acquired protection influences inter-individual heterogeneity in susceptibility and its epidemiological consequences remains understudied. We experimentally investigated whether prior exposure (none, low-dose, or high-dose) to a bacterial pathogen alters host heterogeneity in susceptibility among songbirds. Hosts with no prior pathogen exposure had little variation in protection, but heterogeneity in susceptibility was significantly augmented by prior pathogen exposure, with the highest variability detected in hosts given high-dose prior exposure. An epidemiological model parameterized with experimental data found that heterogeneity in susceptibility from prior exposure more than halved epidemic sizes compared with a homogeneous population with identical mean protection. However, because infection-induced mortality was also greatly reduced in hosts with prior pathogen exposure, reductions in epidemic size were smaller than expected in hosts with prior exposure. These results highlight the importance of variable protection from prior exposure and/or vaccination in driving population-level heterogeneity and epidemiological dynamics.
The Stories of Our Ancestors: Retelling tribal tales in the medium of animated film
Authors: Douglas Tara
Published: September 2024

The Tales of the Tribes and the Stories of Our Ancestors are projects that explore the presentation of Indigenous narratives in the medium of animated film. Indigenous knowledge is remembered and transmitted through the rituals, myths, legends and the folklore of local communities around the world. The spoken recollection is a co-creative process that takes place in the space between the storyteller and listener, in which the layers of story and meaning are to be found, deciphered and interpreted according to the time and place. As the stories have animated the cultural landscape, animation as an art form brings life to that which is static. Its audio dimensions, the visual splendour and the imaginative, poetic quality of animated art would be suitable for contemporary presentation of ancient cultural stories and world-views. The lasting impact of colonialism is visible in the continued interpretation of Indigenous cultures and identities in India using Western conceptual models. The abiding representation as ‘backward’ people illustrates the importance of Indigenous young people reappraising their cultural heritage. In societies that have lived in secluded tracts at the periphery of India, knowledge was traditionally passed on from generation to generation through oral communication and literacy was typically introduced much later through modern education. In these localities, bookshops and libraries are few and far between; whereas literature is difficult to access, animation is widely viewed and enjoyed on mobile technology which reaches even the more distant areas and competes for the attention of young people. Becoming familiarized with the applications of digital audio-visual production would liberate new tools and methods to share stories and speak about local history, identity and ways of life. This article aims to describe the two projects and how they addressed the subject of decolonizing animation.
Continuing Medical Education Questions: September 2024
Authors: Kalakonda Aditya
Published: September 2024

Article Title: Quality Indicators Common to all GI Endoscopic Procedures
The Influence of Discovery Learning Model Assisted by Multimedia Module on Students' Critical Thinking Skill
Authors: Hidayatullah Zul , Theofiulus Gratiamus Gusemanto
Published: September 2024

Proficiency in critical thinking is a crucial attribute that students must possess to effectively navigate the advancements in science and technology in the contemporary era of the fourth industrial revolution. Nevertheless, children's critical thinking abilities remain relatively deficient, and receive minimal instruction. Multimedia modules reinforce a discovery learning approach, providing an alternate method for developing critical thinking abilities. This research aims to determine the influence of the multimedia-assisted discovery learning paradigm on the development of students' critical thinking abilities. The research used a quasi-experimental approach, specifically a pretest-posttest control group design. Purposive sampling served as the sampling approach, ensuring that the students in the two classes under comparison shared the same initial competencies. We divided the 68 students in the research sample into two classes: the experimental class and the control class. We assess students' critical thinking abilities by administering an essay examination that evaluates their performance on critical thinking benchmarks. The data analysis for this research employs the independent t-test and the N-gain test. The study reveals that the experimental class outperforms the control class in terms of students' critical thinking abilities. The t-test's statistical significance, with a p-value of 0.000 or less than 0.05, confirms that the multimedia module-assisted discovery learning model has a significant impact on students' critical thinking abilities about momentum and impulse materials. The N-gain analysis of pretest and posttest results for students in the experimental class indicates a moderate rise in the five critical thinking indicators. We can conduct further studies to adapt this learning strategy to different topics. However, it is crucial to recognize that the instructor must invest time and creativity in preparing this multimedia module.
The Development of Problem-based Learning Worksheet for the Material of Optical Instrument
Authors: Khotimah Khusnul
Published: September 2024

Student learner-centered creates interaction and activeness of teaching and learning activities in the classroom. Students can play an active role in learning by using Problem-Based Learning (PBL) based student worksheets. This study aims to 1) Know the results of the development of student worksheets Problem-Based Learning (PBL) on optical instrument material, 2) Know the quality/feasibility of student worksheets Problem-Based Learning (PBL) on optical instrument material, 3) Know the response of students to student worksheets Problem-Based Learning (PBL) on optical equipment material. This research is a Research & Development using 4D development procedures by Thiagarajan. The development phase includes define, design, develop, and disseminate, but this research is limited to the develop stage by conducting limited and field tests. The product developed is a student worksheet based on Problem Based Learning (PBL) on optical instruments for high school students. The quality of student worksheets based on Problem-Based Learning (PBL) on optical instrument material for Senior High School class XI which was developed based on the assessment of material experts, media experts and physics teachers obtained Very Good (VG) criteria. The response of students to student worksheet in limited trials and field trials obtained Very Good (VG) criteria. These results show that student worksheets based on Problem-Based Learning (PBL) can be used as teaching material in the learning process on optical instrument materials.
Perceived Social Support as Predictor of Acculturative Stress Among Indonesian Exchange Students in Europe
Authors: Fedolina Beatrice Febe , Edilburga Wulan Saptandari Edilburga
Published: September 2024

Participating in international student exchange programs offers valuable experiences during higher education. However, adjusting to numerous changes can lead to acculturative stress. Previous research has highlighted the importance of perceived social support in reducing acculturative stress. This study aimed to explore whether perceived social support could predict acculturative stress among Indonesian exchange students in Europe, using a quantitative approach. The ASSIS (Acculturative Stress Scale for International Students) and the ISSS (Index of Sojourner Social Support) were used as data collection tools. The sampling technique used in this research was a non-random sampling technique-accidental sampling technique. Participants were Indonesian exchange students in Europe (N = 119) with the age range of 21-24 (x̄ = 21). Results showed that 74.79% of the students had high levels of perceived social support, and 63.02% of them had low levels of acculturative stress. Linear regression analysis proved that perceived social support could significantly predict 8.86% of students’ acculturative stress. Additionally, no significant difference was found between gender in both acculturative stress (p= .356) and perceived social support (p=.280). Broadening social networks during the exchange program period would prevent students from experiencing high levels of acculturative stress.
 
Berpartisipasi dalam program pertukaran pelajar internasional menawarkan pengalaman berharga selama pendidikan tinggi. Namun, penyesuaian terhadap berbagai perubahan dapat menimbulkan stres akulturatif. Penelitian sebelumnya telah menyoroti pentingnya persepsi dukungan sosial dalam mengurangi stres akulturatif. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengeksplorasi apakah dukungan sosial yang dirasakan dapat memprediksi stres akulturatif pada pelajar pertukaran Indonesia di Eropa, dengan menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif. ASSIS (Acculturative Stress Scale for International Students) dan ISSS (Index of Sojourner Social Support) digunakan sebagai alat pengumpulan data. Teknik pengambilan sampel yang digunakan adalah teknik non random sampling-teknik accidental sampling. Pesertanya adalah pelajar pertukaran Indonesia di Eropa (N = 119) dengan rentang usia 21-24 tahun (x̄ = 21). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa 74,79% siswa memiliki tingkat persepsi dukungan sosial yang tinggi, dan 63,02% di antaranya memiliki tingkat stres akulturatif yang rendah.
Avanços e novidades em nossa gestão
Authors: Rocha Germano Adriano
Published: September 2024

Prezados membros do CBCTBMF, é com grande satisfação que me dirijo a vocês para compartilhar importantes avanços e novidades em nossa gestão. Destaco aqui a edição comemorativa e as novas indexações da JBCOMS, o lançamento do novo site do CBCTBMF e a institucionalização do PAER (Programa de Apoio ao Ensino nas Residências).
Tratamento de fraturas do côndilo mandibular: estudo observacional em Pernambuco
Authors: Vicente Lôbo Maelly , Eudes Protázio de Oliveira José , Lopes de Medeiros Isaias , Lima Nascimento Yasmin , Granja Porto Petraki Gabriela
Published: September 2024

Objetivo: Agregar dados científicos comparando pacientes com fraturas do côndilo mandibular (FCM) tratados de forma conservadora e cirúrgica. Métodos: A pesquisa do tipo observacional prospectiva, foi realizada nas dependências de um hospital de emergência em Caruaru/PE, nos anos 2021 e 2022. As seguintes variáveis foram estudadas: máxima abertura bucal; índice de dor durante abertura máxima; oclusão; desvio de linha média dentária; movimentos excursivos mandibulares; crepitação articular; intercorrências e satisfação com tratamento realizado. O estudo reuniu um total de...
Carga suportada ou carga compartilhada, em fratura da mandíbula que envolve terceiro molar?
Authors: Isaías Santana Sandro , Roberto Rodrigues Átila , Simoncelli Ulisses , de Souza Pedro Santana Breno
Published: September 2024

﻿Introdução: Quando ocorre fratura mandibular, a capacidade do osso mandibular compartilhar a carga mecânica com o sistema de fixação dever ser avaliada. A presença de dente incluso na linha de fratura mandibular pode impedir a redução óssea e ser um ponto de fragilidade. Objetivo: O objetivo do presente estudo é relatar um caso clínico de fratura mandibular com um terceiro molar na linha de fratura. Relato do caso: Paciente do sexo feminino, 15 anos de idade, compareceu ao Serviço de Cirurgia e Traumatologia Buco-Maxilo-Facial do Hospital Universitário Alzira Velano da...
Integrating Lysosomal Genes and Immune Infiltration for Multiple Myeloma Subtyping and Prognostic Stratification
Authors: Deng Shu , Xiangang Jingjing , Zheng Zhiyin , Shen Jianping
Published: September 2024

Lysosomes are crucial in the tumour immune microenvironment, which is essential for the survival and homeostasis in multiple myeloma (MM). Here, we aimed to identify lysosome-related genes for the prognosis of MM and predicted their regulatory mechanisms. Gene expression profiles of MM from the GSE2658 and GSE57317 datasets were analysed. Lysosome-related differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified and used for molecular subtyping of MM patients. A prognostic model was constructed using univariate Cox regression and LASSO regression analyses. The relationship between prognostic genes, immune cell types, and autophagy pathways was assessed through correlation analysis. RT-qPCR was performed to validate the expression of prognostic genes in MM cells. A total of 9,954 DEGs were identified between high and low immune score groups, with 213 intersecting with lysosomal genes. Molecular subtyping revealed two distinct MM subtypes with significant differences in immune cell types and autophagy pathway activities. Five lysosome-related DEGs (CORO1A, ELANE, PSAP, RNASE2, and SNAPIN) were identified as significant prognostic markers. The prognostic model showed moderate predictive accuracy with AUC values up to 0.723. Prognostic genes demonstrated significant correlations with various immune cell types and autophagy pathways. Additionally, CORO1A, PSAP and RNASE2 expression was up-regulated in MM cells, while ELANE and SNAPIN were down-regulated. Five lysosomal genes in MM were identified, and a new risk model for prognosis was developed using these genes. This research could lead to discovering important gene markers for the treatment and prognosis of MM.
circRACGAP1 Promotes Proliferation of Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Cells through the miR-1296/CDK2 Pathway
Authors: Zhao Yang , Deng Liyong , Xie Yi , Wang Weiming , Chai Qin , Wang Guihua
Published: September 2024

Circular RNAs (circRNAs) have played an essential role in cancer development. This study aimed to illustrate the impact and potential mechanism of circRACGAP1 action in NSCLC development. The expression patterns of circRACGAP1, miR-1296, and CDK2 in NSCLC tissues and cell lines were analysed by RT-qPCR. The function of circRACGAP1 in NSCLC cell proliferation and apoptosis was investigated using the CCK-8 assay, flow cytometry, TUNEL staining, and Western blot. The interaction among circRACGAP1, miR-1296, and CDK2 was clarified by dual-luciferase reporter assay while the correlation was confirmed by the Pearson correlation coefficient. The expression of circRACGAP1 and CDK2 was up-regulated in NSCLC tissues, while the expression of miR-1296 was down-regulated. Cell function studies further revealed that circRACGAP1 could promote NSCLC cell proliferation, accelerate the cell cycle process, up-regulate B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl2) expression, and down-regulate Bcl2-associated X (Bax) expression. miR-1296 was identified as a downstream target to reverse circRACGAP1-mediated cell proliferation. miR-1296 directly targeted the 3’-UTR of CDK2 to regulate proliferation and apoptosis of NSCLC cells. Additionally, the dual-luciferase reporter assay and Pearson correlation coefficient analysis proved that circRACGAP1 acted in NSCLC cells by negatively regulating miR-1296 expression and positively regulating CDK2 expression. In summary, our study revealed that circRACGAP1 promoted NSCLC cell proliferation by regulating the miR-1296/CDK2 pathway, providing potential diagnostic and therapeutic targets for NSCLC.
Ready for m-learning?
Authors: Watanabe Yasuhisa
Published: September 2024

This paper reports on the ownership and use of computer hardware, including smart phones and tablet computers, among the students learning second year level Japanese at a university in Australia. The survey of 160 students shows that these mobile devices are taken up rapidly by current students, and are gaining popularity as a method of accessing study-related materials. Owners of a tablet computer seem more likely to use it for their education purpose. Yet, the significant majority of students still seem to prefer using desktop computer at home to access the university?s Learning Management System, indicating that students are selective about their use of technologies for different purposes. The foundation for implementing m-learning at tertiary level seems to be almost set from the hardware point of view, but the students? pattern of using the hardware must also be taken into account when developing m-learning contents.
Faculty experiencing first-line implementation of Technology Enhanced Learning
Authors: Van Deventer Marichelle
Published: September 2024

Higher education is entering an interesting period of change. Faculty and students will have to adapt to a more technologically enhanced environment for teaching and learning. Adopting new pedagogy can place a critical responsibility on faculty. This article evaluates members of a small faculty’s experience of the implementation of laptops as part of Technology Enhanced Learning (TEL) at a residential higher education institute (HEI) in South Africa. The study population comprised 36 first year Humanities students, the Faculty Dean, and seven lecturers of the first year modules. Data collected through semi-structured interviews, focus group discussions and an open ended questionnaire were captured in an integrated dataset using Atlas.tiTM. Coding and categorization focused on the requirements of TEL in the faculty and the researcher derived at two themes: (i) Demands of TEL and (ii) initiation characteristics.
A 2010 Snapshot of Educational Technology use by CSU students
Authors: Tinkler Jacquie , Uys Philip , Dalgarno Barney , Carlson Lauren , Crampton Andrea
Published: September 2024

Ensuring an excellent learning experience is critical for the modern Australasian university. This is particularly important for an institution like CSU, which has the majority of its students studying at a distance. This paper presents a snapshot of student usage and attitudes towards technologies for learning and teaching, drawing on an institution wide online questionnaire in 2010 completed by 3952 students. One of the most interesting findings from this study is that students? use of educational technologies may be driven primarily by the need for their studies to be flexible and manageable around work and family demands. Students appear to be „digital followers? rather than early adopters but are nevertheless very regular users of technologies in their own lives, and appear very receptive to the frequent use of technologies in their studies.
Video-linked teaching
Authors: Symonds Scott , Hartnett Maggie , Butler Philippa , Brown Mark
Published: September 2024

A major "state-of-the-art" video-linked teaching (VLT) project at Massey University encompasses the development of two purpose-designed rooms to support real-time teaching across two campuses. The intention is for these rooms to be used to establish a strong presence and sense of connection between teachers and students located at each site, offering the ability to teach two (or more) physically distanced classes synchronously with a focus on rich interaction and collaboration. This paper reports on the initial findings of a research project investigating how the VLT rooms have been used during the Semester 1, 2012 experimental pilot phase. It shares some of the experiences of the students and teachers involved and identifies a number of benefits and challenges of using such VLT rooms from pedagogical, physical space and technological perspectives. Finally, the paper reports how the preliminary findings from this research are informing the ongoing use of the facilities as well as the design and implementation of a wider range of teaching and learning spaces.
NPC
Authors: Reyna Jorge , Khanal Santosh
Published: September 2024

The National Prescribing Curriculum (NPC) is a series of case-based modules that mirror the decision-making process outlined in the World Health Organisation's Guide to Good Prescribing. The emphasis is on learners building their own formulary of preferred drugs for specific conditions thereby enabling them to prescribe confidently and rationally. The modules were developed to overcome shortfalls in basic pharmacological knowledge and prescribing skills as identified by junior hospital doctors. Problem Base Learning (PBL) has been used as pedagogical approach for the modules and includes real life case scenarios, authentic tasks and expert peer feedbacks. Learners can access the modules at their own pace and also can revisit them upon completion. We report for the first time students? perceptions of the NPC as learning resource and usability issues, and how academics are embedding the NPC modules into their units. We also discuss limitations and possible areas of improvement.
Promoting asynchronous interactivity of recorded lectures in blended learning environments
Authors: McCabe Bernadette K. , Hobohm Carola
Published: September 2024

Recorded lectures have become one of the most popular methods of delivery in a blended learning environment (Greenberg & Nilssen, 2009). While there are many advantages to using recorded lectures they are limited in their ability to capture the interactive atmosphere experienced by students in the face-to-face environment. This paper examines how the use of audience response systems (ARS) and digital inking, when incorporated into live lecture recordings, can be used to facilitate asynchronous interaction of recorded lectures in bioscience lectures for nursing students. Key findings show that the three most valuable improvements that ARS and digital ink made to face-to-face lectures and recorded lectures relate to the ability to see other students? responses, immediate feedback and reinforcing material covered in class. Students who used recorded lectures more frequently particularly valued the ability to pause recorded lectures to consider the questions and then view collective results with immediate feedback. Moreover, students who viewed recorded lectures more frequently performed equally well with those students who did not.
Die Lebenslegende Milarepas als „Wimmelbild“
Authors: Bertschinger Dolores Zoé
Published: September 2024

In this article I present a systematic approach to the study of traditional Tibetan Buddhist murals painted in the second half of the 20th century. For more than 20 years there have been calls in Tibetan studies and Tibetan art history to research contemporary Tibetan Buddhist art. Although there have been a number of contributions on modern Tibetan art, where and how today traditional Tibetan Buddhist paintings are produced and received in monastic contexts is far less the subject of research. I therefore present the example of a mural in a Tibetan Buddhist monastery in Kathmandu painted in the 1990s. The focus of my study is on the iconographical representation of the Milarepa’s hagiography in this painting. Due to its specific location, this image can be interpreted from various perspectives that include the local Tibetan Buddhism of the Himalayan region, the Tibetan diaspora in Kathmandu, as well as the global Buddhism of the international tourists in Kathmandu. In connection with the image analysis, I present a systematic approach I have developed for the study of Tibetan Buddhist murals in situ in various Buddhist monasteries in Asian and European countries. Last but not least, this article is also a contribution to the diverse and ongoing reception of the Milarepa hagiography in Tibetan Buddhist contexts.
Living hated: Everyday experiences of hate speech across online and offline contexts
Authors: Kuřík Bob , Heřmanová Marie , Charvát Jan
Published: September 2024

The article builds on current research into the effects and harms of hate speech in the lives of its victims. It introduces the anthropological concept of everyday violence to focus on hate speech as an everyday experience as opposed to a sequence of separate hate speech acts. Methodologically, the study is based on a qualitative approach and analyses data collected via semi-structured interviews (N=33) with people who have experienced hate speech in four EU member states (Italy, Germany, the Czech Republic and Portugal). The analysis documents four overlapping themes of how hate speech manifests as the everyday experience of “living hated”—hate speech as a flow; its spatial dimension of moving across online and offline contexts; its long-term effects, leading to what we call “cumulative desensitization” (aggravated during the COVID-19 pandemic); and the role of support systems and their (in)effectiveness. The article concludes by suggesting possible applications as well as avenues for future research that could provide a deeper understanding of hate speech as the daily life experience of its targets.
Pragmatism, logic, and manuscript R318
Authors: Jappy Tony
Published: September 2024

Whereas it is generally held that Peirce’s logic contributed largely to a proof of his pragmatism, particularly in the 1907 manuscript R318, the paper adopts an alternative approach and posits that after 1903, Peirce’s conception of the sign and the way it functions evolved significantly in the period leading to and including the various versions of this never-to-be-published article which set out his conception of pragmatism in 1907. The paper suggests that in attempting to explain his pragmatism in manuscript R318, Peirce was consciously departing from earlier conceptions of the sign and the way it relates to its two correlates. It suggests that this departure nevertheless contributed to the continuing evolution of his logic, and shows how R318 anticipates features of the systems described in the 23 December 1908 letter to Lady Welby and subsequent drafts while nevertheless being a completely different approach to signification. It finally suggests that there is a potential inconsistency in the definition of semiosis given in the manuscript and the theoretical distribution of the interpretant system described therein. The present paper is offered as one possible account of some stages in the evolution of Peirce’s logic.
The role of the normative sciences in the evolution of Peirce’s pragmatism
Authors: Liszka James Jakób
Published: September 2024

I argue that the introduction of the normative sciences in Peirce’s 1903 Harvard Lectures was prompted by ethical concerns related to his pragmatic maxim and his pragmatism, generally. In the new formulation of the maxim, Peirce shows the relation between theory and practice more clearly. At the same time, since theoretical beliefs can translate to practical ones, this shows how the practical application of theoretical science can be used for any purpose, good or ill. I show how Peirce uses an Aristotelian strategy to identify a highest end as a test of the moral character of practical maxims, namely, whether the means and ends derived from the maxim are conducive to that end.
Improvement of the thermal and mechanical behaviour of polystyrene (PS)-based nanocomposite films by modification of the composition and type of nanofiller
Authors: Khiati Zoulikha , Mrah Lahouari , Mezrai Abdelmoumin
Published: September 2024

In the present study, a simple yet efficient approach to the preparation of polystyrene nanocomposites based on a natural Algerian organophilic clay, called Maghnite, was addressed. The dispersion of the PS matrix polymer in the organophilic clay sheets was optimised. The resultant organic clays have been used for the preparation of PS nanocomposites by in situ polymerization. Both organic clays identified as Mag-CTA (0.5CEC) and Mag-CTA (2.5CEC) were used. The properties of the PS/Mag-CTA nanocomposites were studied using various physicochemical techniques (XRD, FTIR, TGA, TEM). Structural and thermal measurements were carried out on these materials. It was shown that the structural design of the surfactant influences both the morphological and thermal profile of the resulting nanocomposites. Optimization of the thermal behaviour was observed at a weight content of 5 % for both types of clay. The results of the gel permeation chromatography analysis of the nanocomposites showed that the presence of Maghnite-CTA reduced the average molecular weight as well as the average particle size of the PS. The best performance in terms of Young’s modulus, impact resistance and tensile strength was obtained from nanocomposites with 5 % organic content. The presence of organics causes the MFI of SP to decrease.