bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Antyfederaliści a republikanci
Authors: Lis Rafał
Published: October 2014

The anti federalists and republikanci (republicans). The American and Polish republican rhetoric at the end of the Eighteenth Century The purpose of the article is to compare the republican rhetoric of the American anti‑federalists and the Polish noble (the szlachta’s) republicans from the turn of the 80’s and 90’s of the Eighteenth Century (the time of the Polish Four Years Seym in 1788‑1792 and the American constitutional debates in 1787‑1790). It turns out that both such wide apart groups, representing different social backgrounds and viewpoints could use surprisingly similar methods of political argumentation. To that end the author cites the voices of numerous American and Polish pamphleteers, such as – above all – “Centinel”, “Philadeplphiensis”, “Farmer”, “Cato”, Patrick Henry and Adam Rzewuski, Wojciech Turski, Seweryn Rzewuski, Leonard Olizar and Dyzma Bończa Tomaszewski. The main resemblance of reasoning may be found in the way they warned against monarchy or despotism. Revealing a typical republican obsession of losing liberty, they were prone to identify those threats in almost every effort to strengthen a central government. Interestingly, both American and Polish critics of the reforms refused to accept that such an “energetic” or “active” government is absolutely necessary in order to avoid anarchy and resist foreign invasions. In that respect they believed (in Poland being even inspired by Rousseau) that the true republic can be only built on the virtues of fellow‑citizens – the love of liberty, civic brotherhood and patriotism. To revive those ideals, they eagerly recalled the legends of the ancient republican heroes. Whereas, to oppose the constitutional values of the reformers they were often (mainly in America) setting the example of contemporary Switzerland. Due to the proposed comparison one can easily come to the conclusion that republicanism was a doctrine of a considerably wide range of application possibilities. It is not surprising that in spite of the fact that the American authors were generally democrats, sometimes even of the most radical provenience, whereas the Polish noble republicans were frequently the opponents of the social reforms (with some exceptions), both of them were truly convinced they are almost the last defenders of the republic, liberty and – symptomatically enough – civic equality.
Sprawy wspólne
Authors: Winkler Anna
Published: October 2014

Things in common. 1968 and the critique of bureaucracy in Poland and France
This article aims to compare the critiques of bureaucracy that emerged before and during the events of 1968 in Poland and France, where these issues gained particular significance. In Poland a systematic analysis of bureaucracy was presented in 1964 by Jacek Kuroń and Karol Modzelewski, whereas in France it was one of main focus themes for the group of intellectuals (esp. Cornelius Castoriadis) gathered around Socialisme ou barbarie review. Slogans inspired by these critiques were present and visible throughout the protests. The comparison allows to indicate some important differences, caused above others by different circumstances in which ideas were formulated and manifestations took place. Still, it allows also to grasp something that the militants from both sides of iron curtain had in common, namely – according to the main thesis of the article – the protest against the end of history, understood as a conviction about the inevitability of socialist (on the Eastern side) or capitalist (in the West) formation. Critique of bureaucracy that enabled the authors to analyze both systems at the same time undermined the false alternative between them and created a starting point for seeking the possibility of a way other than the two pursued at that time.
Wolność według Lorda Actona i Józefa Tischnera. Analiza porównawcza myśli dwóch katolickich liberałów
Authors: Przybyło Sławomir
Published: October 2014

Freedom according to Lord Acton and Józef Tischner. The comparison of notions by two Catholic liberals

The aim of this article is to provide a comparison between Lord Acton’s and Józef Tischner’s notions of freedom and liberalism. According to these authors, liberalism and Catholicism are not incompatible. Liberty, according to both Acton and Tischner, is inseparably related to Conscience, Responsibility and Good. Despite the differences between them, in particular the reflection on equality, both authors agreed that freedom of religion, private property or civil rights are the values that must be defended. Furthermore, they both were convinced of the huge role of Christianity in the history of freedom. Unlike classical liberals, in their opinion positive liberty is more important than negative liberty.
Stosunki Stolicy Apostolskiej z Polską z perspektywy Ostpolitik
Authors: Silvestrini Achille
Published: October 2014

Relations of the Holy See with Poland from the perspective of Ostpolitik

The author discusses few selected issues from the intricate history of the postwar relations between the communist regime in Poland and the Holy See. He underlines the major role played by the cardinal Stefan Wyszyński and the importance of his leadership. The history of these relations should be put in a proper perspective that includes the urging need to sustain the unity between the Holy See and the Polish Church with regard to any agreement struck with the PPR’s government, especially during the pontificate of Paul VI.
Znaczenie konkordatu zawartego między Polską i Stolicą Apostolską w 1993 r. dla nowego uregulowania relacji Kościoła katolickiego z państwem demokratycznym
Authors: Kowalczyk Józef
Published: October 2014

The main thesis of the article is that the Polish concordat of 1993 has led to the sustainable and successful settlement of the state‑Church relations in Poland. Author claims that it has also provided a model solution for the concordat‑related matters in the postcommunist Europe. The passing time has confirmed its usefulness so the Polish concordat may be properly referred to as an example of modern, functional and lasting documents of the international law.
We the people shall inherit the past: The re-imagining of the self within post-Francoist collective memory in the Spanish television series Cuéntame cómo pasó
Authors: Rey Diana
Published: October 2014

Departing from a synthesis of Cuéntame como pasó as a cultural memory text, this article intends to draw an open, indefinite assessment of the significance of the series after thirteen years of broadcasting. This shall result in the proposition of some key interpretative lines of enquiry that are worthy of further observation, research and debate, insofar as they reflect the complexity and dynamism of collective memory processes in post-Francoist Spain.
Media configurations of the First Portuguese Republic and the Second Spanish Republic in the early twenty-first century
Authors: Pinheiro Teresa
Published: October 2014

Portugal and Spain both experienced republican regimes in the first half of the twentieth century, namely the First Republic in Portugal (1910–1926) and the Second Republic in Spain (1931–1936). Their contemporary memorial configurations reveal significant differences between the two countries. As I will argue in this article, this is due not so much to the differences between the historical periods of the Portuguese and Spanish republics, but rather to the different situations in both countries today. Whereas, in Portugal, remembering the First Republic is a way of confirming national identity, in Spain, the memory of the Second Republic functions as a claim for ‘rehabilitating’ this period, stressing its political and social achievements. I will address this theme by means of a comparative analysis of the treatment given to the republics in two different TV series: República/Republic (Portugal 2010) and 14 de Abril. La República/14 of April: The Republic (Spain 2011). As we will see, the different functions performed by the memory of the republics in both states affect the representation of the republics in the TV series.
Stigma »Indio«
Authors: Alcántara Granados Enrique
Published: October 2014

Die universellen Erklärungsansprüche von Luhmanns Systemtheorie überprüft Enrique Alcántara Granados, indem er die Entstehung Indigener Exklusion in Mexiko untersucht. Er leistet dadurch einen alternativen Beitrag zu soziologischen Forschungen, die sich spezifisch mit den sozialen Phänomenen der Geschichte Mexikos im 16. und 17. Jahrhundert und im Allgemeinen mit den Folgen des Kolonialismus beschäftigen. Die leitenden Fragen lauten dabei: Wie ändern sich Strukturen und Semantik von zeitlich fern liegenden Gesellschaften? Und wie entsteht soziale Exklusion durch Trivialereignisse, wenn man die Variable der intelligenten Planung und der Naturgesetze außer Acht lässt?
Behindert sein - behindert werden
Authors: Rösner Hans-Uwe
Published: October 2014

Behindertsein bedeutet immer auch Behindertwerden. Durch gesellschaftliche Kontrollen, Interventionen und Sanktionen wird der Status von behinderten Menschen als Abweichung von Normalität erzeugt und reproduziert. In Anlehnung an Judith Butler, Michel Foucault, Axel Honneth und Emmanuel Lévinas entwickelt Hans-Uwe Rösner Überlegungen zu einer dekonstruktiven Ethik der Anerkennung von Menschen mit Behinderung sowie auch eine Genealogie der Konstitution des Behindertseins. Damit liefert er die normative Grundlage zur systematischen Auseinandersetzung mit disziplinierenden und regulierenden Praktiken in der Gesellschaft. Mit einem bisher noch unveröffentlichten Beitrag des 2009 verstorbenen Philosophen und Publizisten Andreas Kuhlmann.
Unterwegs zum guten Leben?
Authors: Rössel Julia
Published: October 2014

Was ist ein gutes Leben? Und vor allem: Wo und auf welche Weise lässt es sich gut leben? Diese Fragen untersucht Julia Rössel am Beispiel von Zugezogenen in der Uckermark. Sie beschreibt deren Weg zum guten Leben - vom Wunsch nach Veränderung bis zum dortigen Alltagsleben und dessen Reflexion. Durch eine enge Verzahnung von theoretischer und empirischer Arbeit entwickelt sie ein Konzept zur Produktion von Räumen des guten Lebens und eröffnet interessante Perspektiven für die Entwicklung peripherer Regionen. Darüber hinaus bietet die Studie einen empirischen Zugang zu Lefebvres Produktion von Raum, der auf der Ebene des Individuums ansetzt und gleichzeitig gesellschaftliche Aspekte nicht aus dem Blick verliert.
“Would to God, Brethren, I Could Tell You Who I Am!”
Authors: Blythe Christopher James
Published: October 2014

This article examines how Mormons reinterpreted the figure of Joseph Smith (1805–1844) in the wake of their prophet’s death. As a number of Mormon sects emerged in the years immediately following 1844, rival prophets claimed continued access to Smith as a means of legitimating themselves against opposing bodies. The article argues that these re-conceptualizations of Joseph Smith served to draw boundaries between movements, with particular attention to the processes of sacralization common to many new religious movements facing their founder’s death. Specific emphasis is on the Latter-Day Saints’ efforts to regulate such practices originating from their sectarian competitors but also from LDS adherents.
Hungarian Nationalism and the Origins of Neolog Judaism
Authors: Rethelyi Mari
Published: October 2014

The new religious movement of the Neolog Jews in Hungary argued for Jews’ acceptance into Hungarian society by articulating an ethnic identity compatible with that of Hungarians. Neolog Jews promoted nationalism by propagating an ethnic Oriental Jewish identity mirroring Hungarian nationalist identity. By negotiating a common identity, Neolog Jews hoped to achieve recognition as fellow Hungarians. The history of the Neologs is unique because a non-Semitic, ethno-nationalist definition of Jewish identity occurred only in Hungary. Neolog Judaism constitutes a significant religious group not only because of its isolated case of nationalist ethnic formation of Jewish identity, but also because it became the mainstream Jewish religious movement in Hungary.
Leaf miner incidence in coffee plants under different drip irrigation regimes and planting densities
Authors: Assis Gleice Aparecida , Assis Franscinely Aparecida , Scalco Myriane Stella , Parolin Francisco José Toloza , Fidelis Iraci , Moraes Jair Campos , Guimarães Rubens José
Published: October 2014

The objective of this work was to evaluate the effect of different drip irrigation regimes and planting densities on the incidence of the leaf miner, Leucoptera coffeella, in arabica coffee plants for one year. The experiment was carried out in 2008, in a complete randomized block design, in a split-plot in time arrangement, with four replicates. The treatments consisted of four drip irrigation regimes - soil water balance, irrigations at 20 and 60 kPa soil tensions, and a nonirrigated treatment -, which were distributed at three plant densities: 2, 500, 5, 000, and 10, 000 plants per hectare. The evaluations were made on a monthly basis between January and December 2008. The highest pest occurrence period was from August to November, a season with low-air relative humidity preceded by a drought period. Irrigated coffee plants showed an incidence of intact mines 2.2 times lower than that of nonirrigated plants. Irrigation and increasing of plant density contribute to the reduction of coffee leaf miner occurrence.
Shoot growth of Merlot and Cabernet Sauvignon grapevine varieties
Authors: Borghezan Marcelo , Gavioli Olavo , Vieira Hamilton Justino , Silva Aparecido Lima da
Published: October 2014

The objective of this work was to evaluate shoot growth of the grapevine varieties Merlot and Cabernet Sauvignon, during 2006/2007, and Cabernet Sauvignon, during 2008/2009, in São Joaquim, SC, Brazil. The experiment was carried out in a commercial vineyard trained on a vertical trellis system. The shoots of the central part of the plants were selected, and the lengths from the base to the apex of 20 shoots per cultivar were evaluated. In 2006/2007, monitoring began at pruning, on 9/15/2006, and ended on 2/6/2007, totalizing 144 days of evaluation. During the 2008/2009 cycle, phenology and shoot growth for 'Cabernet Sauvignon' were assessed from grape development (1/13/2009) (pea-sized grapes) until shoot vegetative growth had ceased. Budburst occurred in the second half of September, and shoot-growth cessation occurred during ripening. Higher growth rates (about 4 cm per day) were observed in pre- and post-flowering, followed by reduction due to the competition for photosynthates for the formation of flowers and bunches. Temperature and photoperiod induce grapevine shoots to cease growth in the highland regions of Santa Catarina State, Brazil.
Índices de seleção no aprimoramento simultâneo dos componentes da produção de frutos em açaizeiro
Authors: Teixeira Davi Henrique Lima , Oliveira Maria do Socorro Padilha de , Gonçalves Flávia Maria Avelar , Nunes José Airton Rodrigues
Published: October 2014

O objetivo deste trabalho foi determinar a estratégia seletiva mais adequada para o incremento simultâneo de componentes da produção de frutos em açaizeiro (Euterpe oleracea). Implantou-se um experimento com 25 progênies de meio-irmãos, no Município de Santa Izabel, PA, tendo-se utilizado o delineamento de blocos ao acaso, com quatro repetições e parcela de cinco plantas. Os índices de seleção de Smith & Hazel, Williams, e Mulamba & Mock foram aplicados em três estratégias seletivas. Foram utilizados, como pesos econômicos, os coeficientes de variação genéticos, a herdabilidade, a razão entre a correlação genética do caráter selecionado com a produção de frutos, e a somatória de todos os caracteres que compõem o índice e a produção de frutos. Aponderação pela razão das correlações permitiu que os índices de seleção discriminassem as melhores progênies nas diferentes estratégias de seleção avaliadas. A seleção simultânea por meio do índice de Mulamba & Mock, quanto ao número de meses em frutificação, ao número de cachos colhidos, à produção de frutos e ao número de ráquilas no cacho, estima ganhos de forma mais robusta.
Parametrização e avaliação do modelo DSSAT/Canegro para variedades brasileiras de cana-de-açúcar
Authors: Nassif Daniel Silveira Pinto , Marin Fabio Ricardo , Pallone Filho Wander José , Resende Ronaldo Souza , Pellegrino Giampaolo Queiroz
Published: October 2014

O objetivo deste trabalho foi parametrizar e avaliar o modelo DSSAT/Canegro para cinco variedades brasileiras de cana-de-açúcar. A parametrização foi realizada a partir do uso de dados biométricos e de crescimento das variedades CTC 4, CTC 7, CTC 20, RB 86-7515 e RB 83-5486, obtidos em cinco localidades brasileiras. Foi realizada análise de sensibilidade local para os principais parâmetros. A parametrização do modelo foi feita por meio da técnica de estimativa da incerteza de probabilidade generalizada ("generalized likelihood uncertainty estimation", Glue). Para a avaliação das predições, foram utilizados, como indicadores estatísticos, o coeficiente de determinação (R²), o índice D de Willmott e a raiz quadrada do erro-médio (RMSE). As variedades CTC apresentaram índice D entre 0,870 e 0,944, para índice de área foliar, altura de colmo, perfilhamento e teor de sacarose. A variedade RB 83-5486 apresentou resultados similares para teor de sacarose e massa de matéria fresca do colmo, enquanto a variedade RB 86-7515 apresentou valores entre 0,665 e 0,873, para as variáveis avaliadas.
Análise dialélica de linhagens de milho com ênfase na resistência a doenças foliares
Authors: Nihei Thiago Hideyo , Ferreira Josué Maldonado
Published: October 2014

O objetivo deste trabalho foi identificar o tipo de ação gênica predominante para resistência a Exserohilum turcicum, Phaeosphaeria maydis, Physopella zeae e Puccinia polysora, e determinar o potencial genético de linhagens endogâmicas de milho (Zea mays) para a obtenção de híbridos com elevado desempenho agronômico e resistência a doenças foliares. Os 41 híbridos F1, provenientes de cruzamentos dialélicos entre dez linhagens endogâmicas, e as testemunhas P3069, P30F90, BG7060, Balu761 e Dow2A120 foram avaliados em quatro locais, tendo-se utilizado o delineamento experimental de blocos ao acaso, com três repetições. Os híbridos LGS3xLGS9, LGS2 xLGS6, LGS2xLGS4 e LGS2xLGS3 apresentaram excelente desempenho em comparação às testemunhas, quanto aos diferentes caracteres avaliados. As linhagens com maior frequência de alelos favoráveis foram LGS2, LGS9, LGS4 e LGS3. Os efeitos gênicos aditivos são os mais importantes para a resistência a P. maydis e altura de espiga, enquanto os não aditivos são mais importantes para a produtividade, altura de planta, resistência à E. turcicum, P. zeae e P. polysora.
Cumprindo uma pauta de trabalho: contribuições recentes do PEUL
Authors: Paiva Maria da Conceição de , Silva Vera Lúcia Paredes
Published: October 2014

O grupo PEUL (Programa de Estudos sobre o Uso da Língua) constituiu-se nos anos 80 do século passado, em torno de uma meta comum: a de desvendar a sistematicidade da variação e mudança atestadas na variedade carioca. Inicialmente, mais concentrados na modalidade falada, os estudos ganharam novo fôlego, particularmente do ponto de vista da mudança, com a volta à comunidade de fala cerca de 20 anos mais tarde, o que permitiu a realização de análises da mudança em tempo real de curta duração. Posteriormente, os estudos foram estendidos à escrita monitorada, representada por diversos gêneros do domínio jornalístico. Esta ampliação do corpus permitiu comparar os princípios que regem a variação nas duas modalidades e testar hipóteses relativas à migração/incorporação de mudanças em curso na fala para a escrita. Neste artigo, mostramos de que forma os trabalhos realizados pelos pesquisadores ligados ao grupo contribuíram para alimentar e aprofundar discussões acerca de aspectos relevantes, como a sistematicidade de princípios subjacentes ao uso de formas variáveis, e desvendar o caminho trilhado pelas variantes linguísticas em tempo real e sua incorporação na escrita. Destacamos, ainda, a forma como a colocação contínua de novas questões abriu o espaço para trabalhos na interface com outras áreas do conhecimento.
Para um Atlas pluridimensional: pesquisas e pesquisadores
Authors: Aguilera Vanderci de Andrade , Altino Fabiane Cristina
Published: October 2014

Este artigo propõe apresentar à comunidade científica um balanço das atividades do Projeto Atlas Linguístico do Brasil (ALiB) no que tange à formação de novos pesquisadores e, ao mesmo tempo, demonstrar o que a equipe do Comitê Central produziu na década deste início de século. Para isso, dividiu-se o texto em quatro seções: (i) a constituição da equipe de investigadores que trata da composição do Comitê Nacional e das atribuições de cada um de seus componentes; (ii) a produção discente em projetos de Iniciação Científica, desenvolvidos nas várias regionais do ALiB; (iii) a produção dos discentes da pós-graduação lato e stricto sensu sob a orientação dos diretores científicos e (iv) a produção dos coordenadores e diretores científicos. Os resultados apontam para a diversidade de enfoques teórico-metodológicos na abordagem de fenômenos de variação no nível da fonética, do léxico e da morfologia, entre outros, e indicam a possibilidade de associar alguns aspectos da variação linguística registrada pelo ALiB à proposta de Nascentes (1953).
O paulistano no mapa sociolinguístico brasileiro
Authors: Mendes Ronald Beline , Oushiro Livia
Published: October 2014

Este artigo traz notícia acerca dos trabalhos que vêm sendo desenvolvidos pelo Grupo de Estudos e Pesquisa em Sociolinguística da USP (GESOL-USP). Com o intuito de tornar a cidade de São Paulo e o paulistano mais presentes no mapa da sociolinguística brasileira, esses trabalhos organizam-se, sobretudo, em torno da construção de uma nova amostra da fala paulistana, que permita responder às seguintes perguntas centrais: "o que significa falar como paulistano?" e "quais são as variáveis e variantes linguísticas que o identificam?". Essa nova amostra (SP2010) será disponibilizada (áudio e transcrições) para acesso público e para fins de pesquisa em página própria na Internet. Além de discutir os critérios que definem a construção de tal amostra, bem como os desafios nela envolvidos, esse artigo também faz um panorama dos trabalhos que se têm desenvolvido a partir dos dados que foram coletados durante a fase de preparação e de treinamento de jovens pesquisadores que nela trabalhariam (Amostra SP-Piloto). Finalmente, também delineia caminhos para trabalhos futuros dentro da agenda de pesquisa do grupo.
Da fala para a leitura: análise variacionista
Authors: Hora Dermeval da , Aquino Maria de Fátima S.
Published: October 2014

Os estudos variacionistas no Brasil têm focalizado, em sua maioria, os níveis linguísticos fonológico e sintático. Os vários projetos que se pautam em dados coletados em diferentes comunidades (VARSUL, PEUL etc.) procuram abordar seus resultados, utilizando todo o aparato teórico-metodológico que a Sociolinguística Variacionista tem colocado à disposição. Com base em resultados obtidos ao longo da implementação do Projeto Variação Linguística no Estado da Paraíba - VALPB (HORA, 1993), que tem seu corpus estratificado segundo o sexo, a faixa etária e os anos de escolarização, e buscando lançar um olhar para um novo conjunto de dados, dessa vez voltados para a leitura, este artigo contempla a variação linguística na leitura oral de alunos da primeira fase do ensino fundamental, tendo como processos de análise: ditongação, monotongação e apagamento do "d" no grupo -ndo. Os dados analisados apontam uma forte influência da variante dialetal do aluno na leitura oral. É essa relação entre o que o aluno fala e o que o aluno lê que motiva a busca por propostas de análise que vão além daquilo que a escola preconiza.
Palatalização das plosivas alveolares em Flores da Cunha (RS): variação linguìstica e práticas sociais
Authors: Battisti Elisa , Dornelles Filho Adalberto Ayjara
Published: October 2014

A palatalização variável das plosivas alveolares no português brasileiro falado em Flores da Cunha é moderada, o que contribui para caracterizar o falar local. A análise de regra variável (LABOV, 1972, 1994, 2001) de dados de 48 entrevistas sociolinguísticas de Flores da Cunha do BDSer revela uma proporção total de aplicação de 29%. Os condicionamentos são tanto linguísticos quanto sociais e a palatalização progride na comunidade: jovens, vogal alta fonológica, habitantes de zona urbana e consoante-alvo desvozeada favorecem a palatalização. Na análise da variação como prática social (ECKERT, 2000), o estudo da rede social dos informantes mostra que a alta densidade da rede, nucleada por informantes de grupos etários mais velhos, refreia a palatalização. O estudo etnográfico revela que os habitantes de Flores da Cunha, em especial os jovens, realizam práticas sociais inovadoras ao lado de práticas tradicionais, introduzindo a palatalização na comunidade. O emprego das formas palatalizadas é valorado como não local e é relativamente prestigiado.
Educating engineers to embrace complexity and context
Authors: Byrne Edmond P. , Mullally Gerard
Published: October 2014

Education represents a key intervention point in encouraging the emergence of a professional engineering ethos informed by a sustainability ethic. In terms of establishing an appropriate relationship between sustainability and education, many would contend that incorporating sustainability as merely add-on material to already overcrowded curricula is insufficient. Instead sustainability should actually be a leading principle for curricula. Traditional reductionist models of engineering education seek to extinguish context and uncertainty and reduce complexity across socio-economic and ecological domains. They therefore constitute a wholly inadequate response to the need for fit-for-purpose, twenty-first century graduates required to address broader sustainability issues. This paper presents research from an undergraduate module at University College Cork, Ireland. The module is aimed at developing students' conceptions of complexity, uncertainty, risk, context and ethics as foundational bases for productively engaging with sustainability. The paper also highlights some problematic issues.
The circular economy: from waste to resource stewardship, part I
Authors: Hill Julie Elizabeth
Published: October 2014

This paper, the first of two, outlines the origins and interpretations of the circular economy. The paper will argue that what started as a theoretical construct is gradually becoming an idea accepted by businesses and some policy makers as conveying an important aspiration for the future, namely to keep resources in economic use for as long as possible. This represents an important shift; it is a departure from much of the business and policy debate up until the past decade, which has focused on managing wastes rather than preserving resources and value through waste prevention, and moving towards a richer understanding of resource stocks, flows and efficiencies. Most importantly, the paper will argue that a more circular economy should be as much a goal of economic policy as of environment policy, and that all players should be pressing home this point with policy makers.
An overview of the traditional rice-prawn-fish farming in Kalia of Narail district, Bangladesh
Authors: Galib Shams Muhammad , Mohsin ABM , Chaki Nipa , Fahad Md. Foyzul Hassan , Haque Sk. Md. Mohaimenul
Published: October 2014

This study was conducted in Narail district, Bangladesh between January and June, 2012; with a view to describing the status of rice- prawn-finfish based aquaculture practices. Average area of plots was 0.55±0.44 ha, of which mean ditch area was 4.35±2.02% of total land. All farmers dry their plots and made renovation prior to start of a new growing season followed by liming and fertilization. No standard stocking density was maintained, prawns were stocked at 15895 PL/ha, whereas fin fishes at 1551 seeds/ha. Commercial feed was applied in all the plots. Production of prawn, stocked and non-stocked finfishes were found 380.34±155.25 kg/ha; 713.65±352.99 kg/ha and 51.73±24.55 kg/ha respectively. Average cost and income for fish culture were 120514.07±36758.35 BDT/ha and 232497.48±76594.80 BDT/ha respectively. Average rice production was 4229.78±856.71 kg/ha. Low growth and high mortality of PL; scarcity, high and uprising price of feeds; and floods were identified as the major problems.
Production and quality assessment of fish burger from the grass carp, Ctenopharyngodon idella (Cuvier and Valenciennes, 1844)
Authors: Haq Monjurul , Dutta Progga Laboni , Sultana Nadira , Rahman Md. Anisur
Published: October 2014

Fish burger was produced from grass carp (Ctenophygodon idella) to assess the feasibility of value addition to this low priced fish in Bangladesh. Different food additives (25% mashed potato, 2% NaCl, 2% soybean oil, 2% spices and 0.6% sugar) were used to enhance the consumer’s acceptance of the fishery product. Consumers' acceptance of the fish burger was determined by sensory evaluation based on its color, flavor, softness or firmness (S/F), chewy/ rubbery (C/R) using 10 point scoring system by a group of 10 untrained judges (20-50 years old). The results were found as follows: color (7.25±1.15), flavor (6.67±1.17), S/F (8.47±1.20) and C/R (7.83±1.23). Evaluation of proximate composition showed that the moisture and protein contents in grass carp mince were 79.15 ± 1.16 % and 18.01±0.44 % respectively which were higher than that of fish burger, 69.46 ± 0.89 % and 16.42 ± 0.57 %, respectively. Lipid (6.64±0.15 %) and ash (2.98±0.09 %) contents in fish burger were also higher than fish mince. The pH of fish mince and fish burger was 6.8±0.11 and 6.6±0.05 respectively. Therefore, from simple cost-profit analysis, it can be assumed that business of fish burger in Bangladesh has a very good prospect and it would be profitable.
Management and socio-economic conditions of fishermen of the Baluhar Baor, Jhenaidah, Bangladesh
Authors: Abdullah-Bin-Farid BM Shahriar , Mondal Shuvagato , Satu Kulsum Akter , Adhikary Ripon Kumar , Saha Debasish
Published: October 2014

This study was conducted on the management of the Baluhar Baor and fishermen’s socio-economic conditions of the Baor in Jhenaidah district, Bangladesh. Data were collected by interviews, FGDs and CIs with key informants. This Baor was managed under Oxbow Lake Project-1 of Department of Fisheries of Bangladesh government. Hypophthalmichthys molitrix, Labeo rohita, Catla catla, Cirrhina cirrhosus, Cyprinus carpio and Ctenopharyngodon idella were commonly stocked at the composition of 34%, 13%, 12%, 12%, 15% and 14%, respectively. Kochal, Komor and Chack fishing were used for harvesting and yearly production was 750 kg/ha. While studying the socio-economics, 58% fishermen were lived in joint families. 78% fishermen used Kancha sanitary latrine which reflects their poor hygienic condition but they used tubewell for drinking water. 58% fishermen were with 0.045 hectare lands and 74% lived in Kancha house. The annual income varied from BDT 15,000 to 60,000. Education level was found very low and only 18% completed their primary education. Majority fishermen (82%) visited village doctor for health services due to low income and lack of knowledge. All fishermen were fully dependent on Baor fishery for their livelihood. It is possible to uplift their socio-economic by managing the Baor with improved technology.
Livelihood of the fishermen in Monirampur Upazila of Jessore district, Bangladesh
Authors: Islam Md. Rezaul , Hoque Md. Nazmul , Galib Shams Muhammad , Rahman Md. Anisur
Published: October 2014

The study was conducted to assess the livelihood of fishermen in Monirampur Upazila of Jessore district from July to December, 2012. The mean age and fishing experience of fishermen were 35.22±9.67 and 17.9±7.12 years, respectively. Primary occupation for majority fishermen (90%) was fishing. The mean monthly income of the household (HH) was BDT 9470±4806.89. Only 2% fishermen were landless. 4% fishermen had training on fishing/fish culture. 46% fishermen involved in NGOs for loan and savings. 52% fishermen cultivated paddy during boro (summer) season whereas only 18% cultivated paddy during aman (rainy) season. Major protein sources to the HHs (monthly) were- small indigenous species (SIS) (4.60±2.64 kg), non-SIS (6.31±4.18 kg), meat (3.54±1.67 kg), eggs (18.73±22.20 pieces), and milk (11.10±15.54 liter). The major HH expenditures were- food, education, health, furniture, cloths and others. All fishermen were vulnerable to vabadaha, a situation when water logging takes place during monsoon due to lack of sufficient water drainage system.
Influence of salt and herbal substance on the drying and reconstitution performance of Bombay duck, Harpodon nehereus
Authors: Roy Vikash Chandra , Kamal Md. , Faridullah Md. , Haque Syed Ariful , Reza Md. Shaheed
Published: October 2014

Effects of salt, chili and turmeric powder on the production of high quality dried fish products from Bombay duck (Harpodon nehereus) under open sun drying was investigated. Five different types of dried products (T1-T5) were produced and studied. Moisture content in T3 decreased more rapidly to below 16% within 28 hrs of drying compared to those treated with other treatments (temperature varied from 24.6°C to 34°C and relative humidity varied between  60% and 48%) . Drying process was very slow in control samples where it took 32 hrs for reaching the moisture level to 18.75%. Both turmeric and chili powders had strong repellency effect against insect infestation. Bombay duck treated with salt and herbal products were less infested by the blowfly whereas samples dried under control treatment were severely infested by blowfly.
Status of biosecurity and prevalent parasitic diseases in finfish hatcheries of Jessore, Bangladesh
Authors: Samad Md. Abdus , Ahmed Md. Ridoanul , Adhikary Ripon Kumar , Mondal Shuvagato , Farah Sayed Mohammad
Published: October 2014

The present study was conducted to know the status of biosecurity and prevalent parasitic diseases in finfish hatcheries of Jessore district. The peak season of seed production was found April to May. Management of biosecurity has been practiced to prevent disease outbreaks and exert quite satisfactory. It was observed; hatchery owners cleaned their hatchery units regularly and maintained hygiene (76.66%), water quality (56.66%), disinfected equipments (76.00%), stocked disease free broods (76.00%) and quarantine (56.66%). Prevalence of diseases were- lernaeasis (34.10%), argulosis (23.86%), leeches (11.36%), dactylogyrosis (7.95%), gyrodactylosis (10.23%) and others (12.50%) in brood fish and fry. In broods, average prevalence was 16.67% with 9.25% mortality. Besides average prevalence was 10-15% with 10% mortality in fry. The epizootiological pattern showed the highest frequency of parasitic diseases during winter because of loss of appetites. The study demonstrated that sumithion was used by (93.32%), magic (46.33%), depterax (56.67%), lime with KMnO4 (80.00%), lime with salt (66.67%) and lime- salt- KMnO4 (50.00%) by hatchery owners respectively for treatments. Lack of assistance, proper knowledge and suitable therapeutics with its proper use were the major problems in the hatcheries.
Qualitative performance and economic analysis of low cost solar fish driers in Sub-Saharan Africa
Authors: Mustapha Moshood Keke , Salako Abdulbashir Femi , Ademola Sunmola Kayode , Adefila Ifeoluwa Abimbola
Published: October 2014

Qualitative performance and economic analysis of five low cost solar driers were evaluated at the Zoology and Physics Laboratories of the University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Nigeria. The solar driers were constructed from mosquito net, plastic, aluminum and glass with black stone inserted in it. The driers were found to be better than the other driers because they are cheap, reliable, safe to use, easy to repair, well insulated, and cost effective. The solar driers are compact, efficient with drying of fish with lowest moisture content achieved within a few days and the dried products of good quality, with long shelf life, highly acceptable to consumers. The driers save man-hour, money, use renewable energy, with no operational or maintenance costs. The driers have a long life span, with net income to fisher folks very high and the payback time for the driers very low.  The adoption of the driers will contribute to the economy of rural populace in the developing countries where there is no electricity and the challenges of deforestation are becoming prominent. The improved low cost solar driers will ensure food safety and security and assist in combating climate change resulting from burning of wood and fossil fuel.
Therapeutic performances of some selected aqua drugs
Authors: Dipu Rasheduzzaman Khan , Chowdhury Md. Bazlur Rashid , Al Imran Mohammad Abdullah , Quaiyum Md. Abdul , Tareq-Uz-Zaman Md.
Published: October 2014

This study was carried out at the Disease Laboratory of the Faculty of Fisheries, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, Bangladesh to verify the therapeutic performances of six commercial aqua drugs; three doses were selected as less than recommended, recommended and more than recommended to assess their performances. Before starting therapeutic experimental nine climbing perch (Anabas testudineus) and six stinging catfish (Heteropneustes fossilis) were confirmed as diseased ones by their clinical signs. The backswimmers (Notonecta glauca) were collected from faculty of fisheries pond and fish louses (Argulus sp.) were collected from tilapia fishes. Effective doses and their performances were determined on the basis of desired water quality change and clinical signs. It was found that all the drugs performed better at more than recommended doses as follows Aqua Ox performed better at the rate of 0.2 mg/l, GR Plus, 0.0005 ml/l, ID Plus (5%), 0.00026 ml/l; Active Blue, 0.0002 ml/l; Hashpoka Killer, 0.0001 ml/l; and Para Control, 0.001 ml/l. So these doses were suggested as recommended doses.
New data on the spiders (araneae) in the caves of Balkan peninsula
Authors: Deltshev C. , Curcic B. , Wang Chunxia , Yao Zniyuan , Antic D. , Curcic S. , Radja T.
Published: October 2014

New faunistic and taxonomic data for the species: Sulcia oculata Kratochvil,
1938, Thyphlonesticus absoloni (Kratochvil, 1934), Centromerus serbicus
Deltshev, 2003, Palliduphantes spelaeorum (Kulczy?ski, 1914) and Porrhomma
convexum (Westring, 1851), found in the caves of Bosnia, Montenegro and
Serbia are presented. Photos of the male palps and epigynes of the species S.
oculata. T. absoloni and C. serbicus, are published for first time.
Comparative phylogenetic analysis of Dobrava-Belgrade virus L and S genetic segments isolated from an animal reservoir in Serbia
Authors: Nikolic Valentina , Stajkovic N. , Stamenkovic Gorana , Cekanac R. , Marusic P. , Jovanovic N. , Krstic Milena , Mladenovic J. , Siljic Marina , Gligic Ana , Stanojevic Maja
Published: October 2014

The Dobrava-Belgrade virus (DOBV) is a member of the Bunyaviridae family,
genus Hantavirus, possessing a single-stranded RNA genome consisting of three
segments, designated L (large), M (medium) and S (small). In this study, we
present phylogenetic analysis of a newly detected DOBV strain isolated from
Apodemus agrarius. Analysis was based on partial L and S segment sequences,
in comparison to previously published DOBV sequences from Serbia and
elsewhere. A phylogenetic tree based on partial S segment revealed local
geographical clustering of DOBV sequences from Serbia, unrelated to host
(rodent or human). The topology of the phylogenetic tree was confirmed with a
high percent of completely or partially resolved quartets in
likelihood-mapping analysis, whereas no evidence of possible recombination in
the examined S segment data set was found.
Effect of intensification in environments with zero-water exchange on the reproductive potential of Cherax quadricarinatus
Authors: Monge-Quevedo Armando , Casillas-Hernández Ramón , Carreño-León Diana , Naranjo-Páramo José , Villarreal-Colmenares Humberto
Published: October 2014

Reproductive parameters (number of eggs, fertility index, survival of
juveniles) and the biochemical composition (proteins, carbohydrates, lipids)
of Cherax quadricarinatus broodstock were examined in specimens with weights
ranging from: (i) 30-45; (ii) 46-60; (iii) 61-75g; (iv) 76-90 g, in an
intensive system (4 organisms/m2) with zero-water exchange (maintained at
28+1?C and aerated continuously). Better reproductive efficiency was observed
in specimens with smaller weights. This effect was also reflected in the
biochemical parameters of the eggs and juveniles. The use of broodstock whose
weight ranges between 45 and 60g is recommended.
Prognostic value of p53, c-ErbB2 and tunel data in upper urothelial carcinoma associated with Balkan nephropathy
Authors: Savin Marina , Dzamic Z. , Baralic M. , Radojevic-Skodric Sanja , Marinkovic Jelena , Bumbasirevic V.
Published: October 2014

A characteristic tumor suppressor protein 53 (p53) mutational profile of
genotoxic action of aristolochic acid was identified in the upper urothelial
carcinoma (UUTT) associated with Balkan nephropathy (BEN). In the present
study, we examined the prognostic value of tissue-based molecular markers in
overall-survival (OS) risk after surgical treatment of UUTT, adjusted for
gender, age and urological characteristics in 32 patients with BEN.
Immunohistochemical examination of p53, the proliferation cell nuclear
antigen (PCNA), the human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (c-ErbB2; also
known as HER-2/neu) proto-oncogene and the in situ terminal deoxynucleotidyl
transferase dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) assay for apoptosis detection
were used to examine serial tumor sections. The median OS-time was 60 months
for UUTT operation; the mortality rate (18.7%) was related to (new) disease
(re)occurrence or invasion in 12-216 months. High-grade (p=0.029),
TUNEL>0.36%+ cells (p=0.010), and c-ErbB2+ cells (p=0.014) can define the
risk of tumor invasion. Patients with Balkan nephropathy that develop UUTT
at a stage greater than pT1 (with apoptosis TUNEL+ cells >0.36% and p53+
cells greater than 10%) were at high risk of poor-OS after the tumor surgery
(h(x)=6.35; p=0.045). The obtained data present evidence for p53, cErbB2 and
apoptosis deregulation, as a result of environmental toxin action. This is
the first report of molecular biomarker linkage with OS for BEN-associated
UUTT.
Nutrient inputs, trophic status and water management challenges in the transboundary Lake Skadar/Shkodra, western Balkans
Authors: Skarbøvik Eva , Perovic A. , Shumka Spase , Nagothu Udaya
Published: October 2014

A transboundary water quality-monitoring program was conducted in 2007-2009
to investigate the trophic status and nutrient budget of Lake Skadar/Shkodra,
which is a large, shallow lake shared by Albania and Montenegro. The
parameters included, amongst others, total phosphorus (TP), total nitrogen
(TN), suspended particulate matter, chlorophyll a, phytoplankton,
transparency, temperature and oxygen levels. In addition, hydrological data
were scrutinized. The results show that inputs from the tributaries amounted
to 176 tons of TP and 3 200 tons of TN, with annual area specific loads of
50-70 kg/km2 of TP and 950-1100 kg/km2 of TN. Despite relatively high inputs,
data from the lake indicate that it is presently in a mesotrophic condition,
probably due to its large volume and low water residence time. It is assumed
that water bodies in the Western Balkans are under increased environmental
pressure due to the economic and societal development in the region. In our
study, interactions with stakeholders revealed that this also applies to Lake
Skadar/Shkodra, but at the same time, the stakeholders suggested a number of
mitigation options that can improve the situation. In addition, harmonized
transboundary monitoring and increased data transparency were deemed
important to improve future decision-making.
CsA inhibits IL-22 production by memory CD4+ T cells from patients with psoriasis
Authors: Shen Erxia , Yang Baoxin , Li Yang , Lin Qiwen , Zou Ruqiong , Huang Huayi , Wu Jie , Zhang Shuxia , Zou Juntao , Zhou Maohua , Tang Yaping
Published: October 2014

IL-22 is involved in psoriasis and exacerbates disease progression.
Cyclosporine A (CsA) is an immunosuppressant drug that has been used in the
treatment of psoriasis for more than 20 years. We determined IL-22 producing
T cells and their phenotype, and demonstrated that IL-22 is mainly produced
by CD4+ memory T cells not CD8+ T cells in peripheral blood from healthy
adults. We compared Th17 and Th1 with the percentages of IL-22 producing CD4+
T cells, and demonstrated that Th1 is the majority Th subset in the blood, as
the percentage of Th1 cells is significantly larger than the percentage of
IL-22 producing CD4+ T cells or Th17 cells. We analyzed the correlation of
IL-22, IL-17 and IFN-? produced by CD4+ T cells from healthy adults, and
confirmed that there is a subset of Th22 cells that does not produce IL-17 or
IFN-?. Furthermore, we observed that the percentage of IL-22 producing CD4+ T
cells is elevated in psoriasis compared to healthy donors, and that the
majority of these cells are memory CD4+ T cells. We also investigated the
inhibitory effects of CsA on IL-22 production by CD4+ T cells from both
healthy donors and patients with psoriasis. We observed that CsA inhibits the
production of IL-22 by CD4+ T cells from healthy donors in a dose-dependent
manner, and that it inhibits IL- 22, IFN-? and IL-17 production by CD4+ T
cells in psoriasis. The obtained results provide critical information
regarding the clinical efficacies of CsA in the treatment of psoriasis.
Mast cells as key players in periodontal disease
Authors: Popovici Ramona , Ceausu Raluca , Cimpean Anca , Serban Talpos , Raica Marius , Gaje Pusa
Published: October 2014

Mast cell (MC) active mediators promote inflammation through changes induced
in the connective tissue components of human gingiva. The aim of this study
was to evaluate the distribution, mast cell density and their relationship
with the degree of inflammatory infiltrate in gingiva from patients with
periodontal disease. Thirty-nine cases with periodontal disease and 12 cases
without significant changes to the gingival mucosa were investigated. MCs
were identified on paraffin-embedded specimens by immunohistochemistry using
anti-mast cell tryptase. The inflammatory infiltrate was scored from 0 to 3,
and the MCs were counted using the hotspot method. Intraepithelial MCs were
scored from 0 to 2. We found a significant increase of mast cell density in
cases with mild and moderate inflammatory changes, and a slight decrease in
patients with severe periodontal disease. We noticed a higher degranulation
rate in patients with periodontal disease compared to those with healthy
mucosa. Intraepithelial MCs were found in cases with periodontal disease only
and were correlated with the severity of the inflammatory lesion. MCs are
important cellular components of the early stages of periodontal disease.
Contrary to other studies, we found that MC density and activation increases
with moderate inflammation but decreases in severe inflammatory lesions. Our
data suggest that MCs are key players in the progression of inflammatory
lesions of the gingiva. In advanced-stage periodontal disease,
intraepithelial MCs apparently play an important role, although their
biological significance remains to be fully understood.