bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Hydraulic Fracture Closure Detection Techniques: A Comprehensive Review
Authors: Gabry Mohamed Adel , Eltaleb Ibrahim , Ramadan Amr , Rezaei Ali , Soliman Mohamed Y.
Published: September 2024

This study reviews methods for detecting fracture closure pressure in both unconventional and conventional reservoirs using mathematical models and fluid flow equations. It evaluates techniques such as the Nolte method, tangent method, and compliance method. The investigation relies on observing changes in fluid flow regimes from preclosure to postclosure using fluid flow equations to examine the postclosure flow regime effect on the G function. Reverse calculations model pressure decline across synthesized flow regimes, facilitating a detailed investigation of the closure process. The analysis reveals that the tangent method is sensitive to postclosure fluid flow, while the compliance method is less effective in reservoirs with significant tortuosity or natural fractures. This paper recommends assessing natural fractures’ characteristics and permeability to identify the source of leak-off before selecting a technique. It proposes integrating various methods to comprehensively understand subsurface formations, combining their strengths for accurate fracture closure identification and a better understanding of subsurface formations. The new proposed workflow employs the continuous wavelet transform (CWT) technique for fracture closure detection, avoiding physical model preassumptions or simplifications to confirm the results. This approach offers guidance on selecting appropriate methods by integrating different techniques.
On the Flow in the Gap between Corotating Disks of Tesla Turbine with Different Supply Configurations: A Numerical Study
Authors: Pahlavanzadeh Mohammadsadegh , Wróblewski Włodzimierz , Rusin Krzysztof
Published: September 2024

Momentum diffusion and kinetic energy transfer in turbomachinery have always been significant issues, with a considerable impact on the performance of the bladeless Tesla turbine. This radial turbine shows high potential for various energy applications, such as Organic Rankine Cycle or combined heat and power systems. Analyzing the flow inside the gap between the corotating disks of the Tesla turbine presents challenges due to several factors, including submillimeter length scales, variations in flow cross-section, interactions of body forces arising from rotation with turbulence, interactions between the turbine’s inlet nozzles and rotor, and moving walls. General design parameters, e.g., number of nozzles, also pose a challenge in order to achieve the full potential of this turbine. In this research, two different variants of the supply system are considered with six and forty nozzles. To minimize computational expenses, a portion of the entire domain is considered. The flow in each domain, consisting of one inlet nozzle and a segment of one gap between the disks, is examined to reveal the complexity of flow structures and their impact on the Tesla turbine performance. Large Eddy Simulation (LES) with the Smagorinsky subgrid-scale model is used to verify the results of the k-ω Shear-Stress Transport (SST) turbulence model in the first case study with six nozzles. Analyzing the results indicates that the k-ω SST model provides valuable insights with appropriate accuracy. The second case study, with forty nozzles, is simulated using the k-ω SST turbulence model. The research compares flow structure, flow parameters, and their impact on the system’s performance. From the comparison between the k-ω SST turbulence model and LES simulation, it was observed that although the k-ω SST model slightly overestimates the general parameters and damps fluctuations, it still provides valuable insights for assessing flow structures. Additionally, the mesh strategy is described, as the LES requirements make this simulation computationally expensive and time-consuming. The overall benefits of this method are discussed.
Optimization of Hydropower Unit Startup Process Based on the Improved Multi-Objective Particle Swarm Optimization Algorithm
Authors: Zhang Qingquan , Xie Zifeng , Lu Mingming , Ji Shengyang , Liu Dong , Xiao Zhihuai
Published: September 2024

In order to improve the dynamic performance during the startup process of hydropower units, while considering the efficient and stable speed increase and effective suppression of water pressure fluctuations and mechanical vibrations, optimization algorithms must be used to select the optimal parameters for the system. However, in current research, various multi-objective optimization algorithms still have limitations in terms of target space coverage and diversity maintenance in parameter optimization during the startup process of hydraulic turbines. To explore and verify the optimal algorithms and parameters for the startup process of hydraulic turbines, multiple multi-objective optimization strategies are proposed in this study. Under the condition of constructing a fine-tuned nonlinear model of the control system, this paper focuses on three key indicators: the absolute integral of the speed deviation, the absolute integral of the snail shell water pressure fluctuation, and the relative value of the maximum axial water thrust. Through comparative analysis of the multi-objective particle swarm optimization algorithm (MOPSO), variant multi-objective particle swarm optimization algorithm (VMOPSO), multi-objective sine cosine algorithm (MOSCA), multi-objective biogeography algorithm (MOBBO), multi-objective gravity search algorithm (MOGAS), and improved multi-objective particle swarm optimization algorithm (IMOPSO), the obtained optimal parameters are compared and analyzed to select the optimal multi-objective optimization strategy, and the most suitable parameters for actual working conditions are selected through a comprehensive weighting method. The results show that, compared to the local optimal solution problem caused by other optimization algorithms, the improved multi-objective optimization method significantly reduces water pressure fluctuations and mechanical vibrations while ensuring stable speed improvement, achieving better control performance. The optimization results have significant guiding significance for ensuring the smooth operation and safety of hydropower units, and provide strong support for making operational decisions.
How Different Treatments for Acromegaly Modulate Sleep Quality: A Psychometric Study
Authors: Alfì Gaspare , Menicucci Danilo , Ciampa Dalì Antonia , Di Giura Vito , Marconcini Giulia , Urbani Claudio , Bogazzi Fausto , Gemignani Angelo
Published: September 2024

Acromegaly is a rare endocrine syndrome characterized by unrestrained growth hormone (GH) secretion from a GH-secreting pituitary neuroendocrine tumor (PitNET). Data on sleep disorders are scanty and mainly linked to Obstructive Sleep Apnea Syndrome (OSAS). This study aimed to evaluate the prevalence of insomnia and sleep quality in a cohort of patients with a low risk of OSAS before and after therapies for acromegaly. A total of 27 naïve acromegalic patients (mean age 55.15 ± 10.53 years) were submitted to a psychometric sleep evaluation and compared to a matched control group of 24 Non-Functioning Pituitary micro-Adenoma patients (mean age 51.08 ± 11.02 years). A psychometric sleep evaluation was carried out 4 years later, after achieving acromegaly control in all patients. The role of different therapies for acromegaly (somatostatin analogues, pegvisomant, or adenomectomy) was evaluated. At the initial evaluation, most untreated acromegalic patients had a higher rate of impaired sleep quality and clinical insomnia than NFPA patients (p = 0.001 ES = 1.381, p = 0.001 ES = 1.654, respectively). Patients treated with somatostatin analogues or pituitary adenomectomy had an improvement in insomnia parameters (p = 0.046 ES = 0.777, p = 0.038 ES = 0.913, respectively). Conversely, in patients treated with pegvisomant, sleep quality and insomnia worsened (p = 0.028 ES = 1.002, p = 0.009 ES = 1.398, respectively). In summary, therapies for acromegaly seem to have divergent effects on perceived sleep disorders. Concerning sleep, somatostatin analogues and adenomectomy seem to have favorable effects on the psychometric parameters of sleep.
Biomass Equations and Carbon Stock Estimates for the Southeastern Brazilian Atlantic Forest
Authors: Gaui Tatiana Dias , Cysneiros Vinicius Costa , de Souza Fernanda Coelho , de Souza Hallefy Junio , Silveira Filho Telmo Borges , Carvalho Daniel Costa de , Pace José Henrique Camargo , Vidaurre Graziela Baptista , Miguel Eder Pereira
Published: September 2024

Tropical forests play an important role in mitigating global climate change, emphasizing the need for reliable estimates of forest carbon stocks at regional and global scales. This is essential for effective carbon management, which involves strategies like emission reduction and enhanced carbon sequestration through forest restoration and conservation. However, reliable sample-based estimations of forest carbon stocks require accurate allometric equations, which are lacking for the rainforests of the Atlantic Forest Domain (AFD). In this study, we fitted biomass equations for the three main AFD forest types and accurately estimated the amount of carbon stored in their above-ground biomass (AGB) in Rio de Janeiro state, Brazil. Using non-destructive methods, we measured the total wood volume and wood density of 172 trees from the most abundant species in the main remnants of rainforest, semideciduous forest, and restinga forest in the state. The biomass and carbon stocks were estimated with tree-level data from 185 plots obtained in the National Forest Inventory conducted in Rio de Janeiro. Our locally developed allometric equations estimated the state’s biomass stocks at 70.8 ± 5.4 Mg ha−1 and carbon stocks at 35.4 ± 2.7 Mg ha−1. Notably, our estimates were more accurate than those obtained using a widely applied pantropical allometric equation from the literature, which tended to overestimate biomass and carbon stocks. These findings can be used for establishing a baseline for monitoring carbon stocks in the Atlantic Forest, especially in the context of the growing voluntary carbon market, which demands more consistent and accurate carbon stock estimations.
Registration of TLS and ULS Point Cloud Data in Natural Forest Based on Similar Distance Search
Authors: Deng Yuncheng , Wang Jinliang , Dong Pinliang , Liu Qianwei , Ma Weifeng , Zhang Jianpeng , Su Guankun , Li Jie
Published: September 2024

Multiplatform fusion point clouds can effectively compensate for the disadvantages of individual platform point clouds in forest parameter extraction, maximizing the potential of LiDAR technology. However, existing registration algorithms often suffer from insufficient feature extraction and limited registration accuracy. To address these issues, we propose a ULS (Unmanned Aerial Vehicle Laser Scanning)-TLS (Terrestrial Laser Scanning) point cloud data registration method based on Similar Distance Search (SDS). This method enhances coarse registration by accurately retrieving points with similar features, leading to high overlap in the rough registration stage and further improving fine registration precision. (1) The proposed method was tested on four natural forest plots, including Pinus densata Mast., Pinus yunnanensis Franch., Pices asperata Mast., Abies fabri (Mast.) Craib, and demonstrated high registration accuracy. Both coarse and fine registration achieved superior results, significantly outperforming existing algorithms, with notable improvements over the TR algorithm. (2) In addition, the study evaluated the accuracy of individual tree parameter extraction from fusion point clouds versus single-platform point clouds. While ULS point clouds performed slightly better in some metrics, the fused point clouds offered more consistent and reliable results across varying conditions. Overall, the proposed SDS method and the resulting fusion point clouds provide strong technical support for efficient and accurate forest resource management, with significant scientific implications.
A New Concept for the Rapid Development of Digital Twin Core Models for Bioprocesses in Various Reactor Designs
Authors: Moser André , Appl Christian , Pörtner Ralf , Baganz Frank , Hass Volker C.
Published: September 2024

In this research work, a new software tool concept and its application for the rapid and flexible development of mechanistic digital twin core models for bioprocesses in various reactor designs are presented. The newly developed software tool concept automatically combines user-selected submodels into an overall digital twin core model. The main part is a biokinetic submodel, of which three were designed for enzymatic, microbial and biocatalytic processes, which can be adapted to specific processes. Furthermore, the digital twin core model contains a physico-chemical submodel (e.g., calculating pH or oxygen transfer) and a reactor submodel. The basis of the reactor submodel is an ideally mixed stirred tank reactor. The biokinetic submodel is decoupled from the reactor submodels and enables an independent parameterisation of submodels. Connecting ideally mixed stirred tank reactor models allows for the simulation of different reactor designs. The implementation of an executable digital twin core model was accelerated, creating a new software tool concept. When the concept was applied, the development time and the computing time of digital twin core models for the cultivation of Saccharomyces cerevisiae in two coupled stirred tank reactors as well as for enzymatic hydrolysis processes in a packed-bed reactor were reduced by 90%.
Machine Learning for Blockchain and IoT Systems in Smart Cities: A Survey
Authors: Dritsas Elias , Trigka Maria
Published: September 2024

The integration of machine learning (ML), blockchain, and the Internet of Things (IoT) in smart cities represents a pivotal advancement in urban innovation. This convergence addresses the complexities of modern urban environments by leveraging ML’s data analytics and predictive capabilities to enhance the intelligence of IoT systems, while blockchain provides a secure, decentralized framework that ensures data integrity and trust. The synergy of these technologies not only optimizes urban management but also fortifies security and privacy in increasingly connected cities. This survey explores the transformative potential of ML-driven blockchain-IoT ecosystems in enabling autonomous, resilient, and sustainable smart city infrastructure. It also discusses the challenges such as scalability, privacy, and ethical considerations, and outlines possible applications and future research directions that are critical for advancing smart city initiatives. Understanding these dynamics is essential for realizing the full potential of smart cities, where technology enhances not only efficiency but also urban sustainability and resilience.
Finite Multiple Mixed Values
Authors: Zhao Jianqiang
Published: September 2024

In recent years, a variety of multiple zeta values (MZVs) variants have been defined and studied. One way to produce these variants is to restrict the indices in the definition of MZVs to some fixed parity pattern, which include Hoffman’s multiple t-values, Kaneko and Tsumura’s multiple T-values, and Xu and this paper’s author’s multiple S-values. Xu and this paper’s author have also considered the so-called multiple mixed values by allowing all possible parity patterns and have studied a few important relations among these values. In this paper, we turn to the finite analogs and the symmetric forms of the multiple mixed values, motivated by a deep conjecture of Kaneko and Zagier, which relates the finite MZVs and symmetric MZVs, and a generalized version of this conjecture by the author to the Euler sum (i.e., level two) setting. We present a few important relations among these values such as the stuffle, reversal, and linear shuffle relations. We also compute explicitly the (conjecturally smallest) generating set in weight one and two cases. In the appendix, we tabulate some dimension computations for various subspaces of the finite multiple mixed values and propose a conjecture.
Pharmacogenetics and the Blood–Brain Barrier: A Whirlwind Tour of Potential Clinical Utility
Authors: Skvarc David R. , Truong Trang T. T. , Lundin Robert M. , Barnes Russell , Wilkes Fiona A. , Singh Ajeet B.
Published: September 2024

Genetic factors influence medication response (pharmacogenetics), affecting the pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics of many medicaments used in clinical care. The ability of medications to cross the blood–brain barrier (BBB) represents a critical putative factor in the effectiveness and tolerability of various medications relevant to central nervous system disorders (CNS), cancer, and broader medical conditions at a pharmacokinetic (dosing) level. Pharmacogenetics has the potential to personalise medicine to a greater extent than has been possible, with the potential to help reduce heuristic delays to effective tolerable pharmacotherapy. Here, we critically examine and summarise the evidence, particularly for ABCB1 polymorphisms associated with drug transportation and other clinical relevance. These transporters appear to have a role in BBB pharmacogenetics and may indicate new avenues of research that extend beyond the current paradigm of CYP450 polymorphisms. We identify some of the most promising variants for clinical translation while spotlighting the complexities of the involved systems and limitations of the current empirical literature.
Epidemiological Study on the Interaction between the PNPLA3 (rs738409) and Gut Microbiota in Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatotic Liver Disease
Authors: Sato Satoshi , Iino Chikara , Sasada Takafumi , Soma Go , Furusawa Keisuke , Yoshida Kenta , Sawada Kaori , Mikami Tatsuya , Nakaji Shigeyuki , Sakuraba Hirotake , Fukuda Shinsaku
Published: September 2024

Many factors are associated with the development and progression of metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD); however, genetics and gut microbiota are representative factors. Recent studies have highlighted the link between host genes and the gut microbiota. Although there have been many studies on the separate effects of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and gut bacteria on MASLD, few epidemiological studies have examined how SNPs and gut bacteria interact in the development and progression of MASLD. This study aimed to investigate the association between PNPLA3 rs738409, a representative MASLD-related SNP, and gut bacteria in MASLD using a cross-sectional study of the general population. The 526 participants (318 normal and 208 MASLD groups) were grouped into the PNPLA3 rs738409 SNP, CC, CG, and GG genotypes, and the differences in the gut microbiota were investigated in each group. The PNPLA3 rs738409 CC and CG genotypes were associated with decreased Blautia and Ruminococcaceae in the MASLD group. They were negatively correlated with controlled attenuation parameter levels, body mass index, serum blood glucose, and triglycerides. In contrast, there was no association between the normal and MASLD groups and the gut bacteria in the PNPLA3 rs738409, the GG genotype group. This finding implies that dietary interventions and probiotics may be more effective in preventing and treating MASLD in individuals with the PNPLA3 rs738409 CC and CG genotypes. In contrast, their efficacy may be limited in those with the GG genotype.
Project-Based Learning at Dracula Digital: A Comparative Perspective from Romania and Brunei
Authors: Ling Mayyer , Liu Yong , Nechita Florin
Published: September 2024

Despite being an educational approach that has existed for more than five decades, project-based learning (PBL) has remained a conceptual fog, with limited applications beyond the medical and health sciences. This paper detailed the scarcity of the academic literature on PBL, specifically in relation to PBL and film productions and/or competitions. Using the Dracula Digital 2022 competition as the chosen context, this paper aimed to fill two gaps: (1) adding to the academic literature on PBL’s applications beyond those most frequently found in the medical and health sciences, the learning of foreign languages, or business and management learning; and (2) proposing that film production and competition are novel approaches to PBL. In an attempt to fill these research gaps, this study employed the 10 dimensions of PBL to identify the PBL components present in the Dracula Digital competition. The results showed that all 10 dimensions of PBL were found in the Dracula Digital competition, proving that film production and competition can indeed be considered an educational approach that satisfies PBL’s core components. This study calls for the consideration of a myriad of creative activities which should be added to curriculums to not only engage students in their learning but also reap the coveted benefits offered by the PBL approach.
“Straight from the Horse’s Mouth”: Equine-Assisted Services Curriculum Development Using Industry-Based Survey Assessment of Horse Welfare and Healthcare Management Practices
Authors: Purvis Perri , Hill Carter , Nicodemus Molly , Holtcamp Katie , Cavinder Clay , Irvin Lori , Wells Jessica , Memili Erdogan
Published: September 2024

Equine-assisted services (EAS) is a relatively new area of study within higher education requiring the development of a curriculum that best prepares the undergraduate student for the demands of the industry. Further, coursework targeting the specific management challenges for ensuring the welfare of horses utilized within EAS is limited. Therefore, the objective of this study was to apply an industry-based survey assessment utilizing EAS professionals within the United States to document management practices associated with healthcare and pain management challenges in the EAS horse. Suggested curriculum for undergraduate students targeting a career in EAS is given, utilizing data collected from the survey. Participant responses (n = 30) indicated that all of the surveyed facilities cared for more than three geriatric horses within their program, with the majority (60% responding “definitely yes”) utilizing regularly functionally lame horses, although the prevalence of lameness was not correlated with number of geriatric horses within a program (0.20, p = 0.22). While lameness is a common healthcare challenge within EAS, gastrointestinal conditions (73%) were one of the other leading health concerns for these facilities. The most common equine pain detection method for EAS facilities was behavior assessment (93%), in which this method was positively correlated with years of horse experience (0.51, p = 0.01). Horse pain was primarily managed through annual alternative therapeutic interventions (76%), daily prescriptions (73%), and nutritional supplements (73%). As such, the curriculum for undergraduate EAS degree programs should cover healthcare practices targeting geriatric horse management and associated health issues such as gastrointestinal conditions and lameness, including early detection and pharmaceutical, nutritional, and alternative therapeutic treatments.
MSCR-FuResNet: A Three-Residual Network Fusion Model Based on Multi-Scale Feature Extraction and Enhanced Channel Spatial Features for Close-Range Apple Leaf Diseases Classification under Optimal Conditions
Authors: Chen Xili , Xing Xuanzhu , Zhang Yongzhong , Liu Ruifeng , Li Lin , Zhang Ruopeng , Tang Lei , Shi Ziyang , Zhou Hao , Guo Ruitian , Dong Jingrong
Published: September 2024

The precise and automated diagnosis of apple leaf diseases is essential for maximizing apple yield and advancing agricultural development. Despite the widespread utilization of deep learning techniques, several challenges persist: (1) the presence of small disease spots on apple leaves poses difficulties for models to capture intricate features; (2) the high similarity among different types of apple leaf diseases complicates their differentiation; and (3) images with complex backgrounds often exhibit low contrast, thereby reducing classification accuracy. To tackle these challenges, we propose a three-residual fusion network known as MSCR-FuResNet (Fusion of Multi-scale Feature Extraction and Enhancements of Channels and Residual Blocks Net), which consists of three sub-networks: (1) enhancing detailed feature extraction through multi-scale feature extraction; (2) improving the discrimination of similar features by suppressing insignificant channels and pixels; and (3) increasing low-contrast feature extraction by modifying the activation function and residual blocks. The model was validated with a comprehensive dataset from public repositories, including Plant Village and Baidu Flying Paddle. Various data augmentation techniques were employed to address class imbalance. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed model outperforms ResNet-50 with an accuracy of 97.27% on the constructed dataset, indicating significant advancements in apple leaf disease recognition.
Red and Far-Red Light Combined with Trans-Cinnamic Acid Enhances In Vitro Rooting and Reduces Callus Formation in Lavender
Authors: Darouez Hajer , Werbrouck Stefaan P. O.
Published: September 2024

Lavender (Lavandula angustifolia Mill.) is a valuable crop with diverse applications, but its in vitro rooting can be hindered by its sensitivity to natural auxins and it often fails to root due to callus formation. The current study investigates the effects of light spectra emitted by LEDs and the application of trans-cinnamic acid (t-CA) on the morphology, propagation, and rooting of lavender shoots in vitro. Initially, the influence of different concentrations of t-CA (0, 1.25, 2.5, or 5 µM) was evaluated under fluorescent light. The application of 1.25 µM t-CA was found to be the most effective in promoting root development while minimizing callus formation. Subsequently, the impact of different light spectra (fluorescent light and combinations of blue, red, and far-red monochromatic LED light) was explored. The combination of red and far-red (RFR) light significantly accelerated rooting and resulted in the most substantial increase in root number and length. Finally, the combined effects of 1.25 µM t-CA and RFR light were assessed. This combination produced the most favorable overall results, notably, a 4.3-fold increase in lateral root number compared to RFR light alone. These findings underscore the potential of optimizing both t-CA concentration and light spectra to enhance the in vitro propagation of lavender.
Super-Diversity and Systems Thinking: Selected Moments from a Conversation with Steven Vertovec
Authors: Vertovec Steven , Genest Sylvie
Published: September 2024

We contacted Steven Vertovec in the fall of 2023 to invite him to participate in this Special Issue on systemic approaches when adopted by researchers, particularly anthropologists, in the context of their work on migration issues in the era of super-diversity [...]
Transport and Deposition of Microplastics at the Water–Sediment Interface: A Case Study of the White River near Muncie, Indiana
Authors: Adjornor Blessing Yaw , Han Bangshuai , Zahran Elsayed M. , Pichtel John , Wood Rebecca
Published: September 2024

Microplastics, plastic particles smaller than 5 mm, pose a significant environmental threat due to their persistence and distribution in aquatic ecosystems. Research on the dynamics of microplastics within freshwater systems, particularly concerning their transport and deposition along river corridors, remains insufficient. This study investigated the occurrence and deposition of microplastics at the water–sediment interface of the White River near Muncie, Indiana. Sediment samples were collected from three sites: White River Woods (upstream), Westside Park (midstream), and Morrow’s Meadow (downstream). The microplastic concentrations varied significantly, with the highest concentration recorded upstream, indicating a strong influence from agricultural runoff. The types of microplastics identified were predominantly fragments (43.1%), fibers (29.6%), and films (27.3%), with fragments being consistently the most abundant at all sampling sites. A polymer analysis with selected particles using Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy revealed that the most common polymers were polyethylene (PE), polypropylene (PP), and polyethylene terephthalate (PET). The hydrodynamic conditions played a crucial role in the deposition and transport of microplastics. The statistical analysis demonstrated a strong positive correlation between the microplastic concentration and flow velocity at the downstream site, suggesting that lower flow velocities contribute to the accumulation of finer sediments and microplastics. Conversely, the upstream and midstream sites exhibited weaker correlations, indicating that other environmental and anthropogenic factors, such as land use and the sediment texture, may influence microplastic retention and transport. This study provides valuable insights into the complex interactions between river dynamics, sediment characteristics, and microplastic deposition in freshwater systems. These findings contribute to the growing body of knowledge on freshwater microplastic pollution and can help guide mitigation strategies aimed at reducing microplastic contamination in riverine ecosystems.
HEV Infection in the Context of Prior HBV-Related Liver Injury: Case Series
Authors: Olariu Mihaela-Cristina , Filipescu Mihai-Cezar , Pauna Andreea Marilena , Simoiu Madalina , Borcan Alina Maria
Published: September 2024

Hepatitis E virus (HEV) is a common cause of acute hepatitis, with increasing incidence in Europe, including Romania. Concurrently, Romania has a high prevalence of chronic hepatitis B (CHB). There is limited research on the clinical presentation and outcomes of HEV infection in patients with pre-existing chronic hepatitis B (CHB), especially in resource-rich settings. Most literature data come from South, East, and Southeast Asia. A review of the literature on HEV and HBV co-infection indicates a severe prognosis, particularly in patients with underlying liver disease. However, the cases in this study, which did not display cirrhosis, showed varied outcomes. The role of anti-HBV treatment in improving prognosis remains uncertain and warrants further investigation. Acute HEV infection superimposed on chronic HBV infection poses significant clinical challenges, with outcomes ranging from full recovery to fatality. Preventive measures, including sanitation and vaccination against HBV, are crucial. More studies are needed to establish effective treatment protocols for this co-infection. In this study, we will analyze the clinical setting, diagnosis, particularities, and outcomes of five such cases of dual hepatotropic viral infection recorded over a period of 6 years (2018–2023) at a large Infectious Diseases clinic in Bucharest, Romania.
Perspectives of Adults with Intellectual Disabilities on Quality of Life: A Qualitative Study
Authors: Kapsalakis Pavlos , Nteropoulou-Nterou Evdoxia
Published: September 2024

Experiences of occupational participation of adults with Intellectual Disabilities (IDs) were explored through the lens of the Model of Occupational Justice (MOJ) and Critical Theory in order to shape and develop an occupation-centered model of quality of life (QoL). This qualitative study involved thirteen adults with IDs (N = 13). A semi-structured interview, constructed based on MOJ and Critical Theory principles, was administered to explore perspectives on QoL, as well as injustices regarding occupational participation. The interviews were analyzed using QSR NVivo8 and followed a content analysis methodology. A preliminary model of Occupational Quality of Life (O-QoL), with an everyday occupations core component, has been formed. The model includes three core O-QoL domains: (i) social well-being, (ii) emotional–physical well-being, and (iii) material adequacy. Key indicators of O-QoL were identified as leisure and social activities, while socioenvironmental factors such as occupational deprivation were noted as aggravating. Specific occupations, including leisure activities, physical exercise/sports, art, video games, and vocational training, were found to be beneficial for O-QoL. Moreover, the importance of promoting and supporting the rights of people with IDs for employment, independent living, and sexual expression was highlighted. The model of O-QoL (version 1) could be a valuable alternative conceptual framework of QoL in the field of IDs; however, further research is needed to validate and refine the model.
Impact of COVID-19 on Maternal Health Service Uptake and Perinatal Outcomes in Sub-Saharan Africa: A Systematic Review
Authors: Kassa Zemenu Yohannes , Scarf Vanessa , Turkmani Sabera , Fox Deborah
Published: September 2024

Coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) is a major global public health threat that has impeded health infrastructures in low- and middle-income countries. This systematic review examines the impact of COVID-19 on maternal health service uptake and perinatal outcomes in Sub-Saharan Africa. We searched four databases in August 2020 and updated the search on 22 December 2023: PubMed/MEDLINE, CINAHL, Maternity and Infant Care, and EMBASE. Data extraction was performed using a standardised Joana Briggs Institute data extraction format for the eligibility of articles, and any discrepancies were solved through discussion and consensus. This systematic review includes 36 studies that met the inclusion criteria. Antenatal care attendance and institutional childbirth significantly decreased during the COVID-19 pandemic, and home births increased. Fear of contracting the virus, a lack of transport, a shortage of logistic supplies, a lack of personal protective equipment, lockdown policies, economic and food security, stigmatisation of sick persons, long waiting times in the hospital, and health system weakness were barriers to accessing maternity care. The findings of this review showed a significant decrease in antenatal care attendance and institutional birth during the COVID-19 pandemic. Based on our findings, we recommend that stakeholders ensure the availability of essential medical supplies in the hospital.
Wound Closure Promotion by Leucine-Based Pseudo-Proteins: An In Vitro Study
Authors: Ksovreli Mariam , Kachlishvili Tinatin , Skhvitaridze Mariam , Nadaraia Lili , Goliadze Rusudan , Kamashidze Luka , Zurabiani Knarita , Batsatsashvili Tatuli , Kvachantiradze Nino , Gverdtsiteli Marekhi , Kantaria Temur , Piot Olivier , Courageot Marie-Pierre , Terryn Christine , Tchelidze Pavel , Katsarava Ramaz , Kulikova Nina
Published: September 2024

Our research explores leucine-based pseudo-proteins (LPPs) for advanced wound dressings, focusing on their effects on wound healing in an in vitro model. We assessed three types of LPP films for their ability to enhance wound closure rates and modulate cytokine production. They all significantly improved wound closure compared to traditional methods, with the 8L6 and copolymer films showing the most pronounced effects. Notably, the latter exhibited an optimal cytokine profile: an initial burst of pro-inflammatory TNF-α, followed by a controlled release of IL-6 during the proliferative phase and a significant increase in anti-inflammatory IL-10 during remodeling. This balanced cytokine response suggests that the copolymer film not only accelerates wound closure but also supports a well-regulated healing process, potentially reducing fibrosis and abnormal scarring, underscoring the potential of copolymer LPPs as advanced wound dressing materials. Future research will aim to elucidate the specific signaling pathways activated by the copolymer LPP to better understand its mechanism of action. Overall, LPP films offer a promising approach to improving wound care and could lead to more effective treatments for complex wounds.
Modification of the Trizol Method for the Extraction of RNA from Prorocentrum triestinum ACIZ_LEM2
Authors: Huarachi-Olivera Ronald , Teresa Mata María , Ardiles-Candia Alonso , Escobar-Méndez Valentina , Gatica-Cortes Carlos , Ahumada Matías , Orrego José , Vidal-Veuthey Boris , Cárdenas Juan P. , González Leonel , Riquelme Carlos
Published: September 2024

In samples of harmful algal blooms (HABs), seawater can contain a high abundance of microorganisms and elemental ions. Along with the hardness of the walls of key HAB dinoflagellates such as Prorocentrum triestinum, this makes RNA extraction very difficult. These components interfere with RNA isolation, causing its degradation, in addition to the complex seawater properties of HABs that could hinder RNA isolation for effective RNA sequencing and transcriptome profiling. In this study, an RNA isolation technique was established through the modification of the Trizol method by applying the Micropestle System on cell pellets of P. triestinum frozen at −20 °C, obtained from 400 mL of culture with a total of 107 cells/mL. The results of the modified Trizol protocol generated quality RNA samples for transcriptomics sequencing, as determined by their measurement in Analyzer Agilent 4150.
Prevention of Transition from Acute Kidney Injury to Chronic Kidney Disease Using Clinical-Grade Perinatal Stem Cells in Non-Clinical Study
Authors: Gryguc Agne , Maciulaitis Justinas , Mickevicius Lukas , Laurinavicius Arvydas , Sutkeviciene Neringa , Grigaleviciute Ramune , Zigmantaite Vilma , Maciulaitis Romaldas , Bumblyte Inga Arune
Published: September 2024

Acute kidney injury (AKI) is widely recognized as a precursor to the onset or rapid progression of chronic kidney disease (CKD). However, there is currently no effective treatment available for AKI, underscoring the urgent need for the development of new strategies to improve kidney function. Human placental mesenchymal stromal cells (hpMSCs) were isolated from donor placentas, cultured, and characterized with regard to yield, viability, flow cytometry, and potency. To mimic AKI and its progression to CKD in a rat model, a dedicated sensitive non-clinical bilateral kidney ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI) model was utilized. The experimental group received 3 × 105 hpMSCs into each kidney, while the control group received IRI and saline and the untreated group received IRI only. Urine, serum, and kidney tissue samples were collected over a period of 28 days. The hpMSCs exhibited consistent yields, viability, and expression of mesenchymal lineage markers, and were also shown to suppress T cell proliferation in a dose-dependent manner. To ensure optimal donor selection, manufacturing optimization, and rigorous quality control, the rigorous Good Manufacturing Practice (GMP) conditions were utilized. The results indicated that hpMSCs increased rat survival rates and improved kidney function by decreasing serum creatinine, urea, potassium, and fractionated potassium levels. Furthermore, the study demonstrated that hpMSCs can prevent the initial stages of kidney structural fibrosis and improve kidney function in the early stages by mitigating late interstitial fibrosis and tubular atrophy. Additionally, a robust manufacturing process with consistent technical parameters was established.
Transcriptome Regulation Mechanisms Difference between Female and Male Buchloe dactyloides in Response to Drought Stress and Rehydration
Authors: Liu Muye , Su Yalan , Teng Ke , Fan Xifeng , Yue Yueseng , Xiao Guozeng , Liu Lingyun
Published: September 2024

Drought, a pervasive global challenge, significantly hampers plant growth and crop yields, with drought stress being a primary inhibitor. Among resilient species, Buchloe dactyloides, a warm-season and dioecious turfgrass, stands out for its strong drought resistance and minimal maintenance requirements, making it a favored choice in ecological management and landscaping. However, there is limited research on the physiological and molecular differences in drought resistance between male and female B. dactyloides. To decipher the transcriptional regulation dynamics of these sexes in response to drought, RNA-sequencing analysis was conducted using the ‘Texoka’ cultivar as a model. A 14-day natural drought treatment, followed by a 7-day rewatering period, was applied. Notably, distinct physiological responses emerged between genders during and post-drought, accompanied by a more pronounced differential expression of genes (DEGs) in females compared to males. Further, KEGG and GO enrichment analysis revealed different DEGs enrichment pathways of B. dactyloides in response to drought stress. Analysis of the biosynthesis and signaling transduction pathways showed that drought stress significantly enhanced the biosynthesis and signaling pathway of ABA in both female and male B. dactyloides plants, contrasting with the suppression of IAA and JA pathways. Also, we discovered BdMPK8-like as a potential enhancer of drought tolerance in yeast, highlighting novel mechanisms. This study demonstrated the physiological and molecular mechanisms differences between male and female B. dactyloides in response to drought stress, providing a theoretical basis for the corresponding application of female and male B. dactyloides. Additionally, it enriches our understanding of drought resistance mechanisms in dioecious plants, opening avenues for future research and genetic improvement.
Predictive Biomarkers and Resistance Mechanisms of Checkpoint Inhibitors in Malignant Solid Tumors
Authors: Pavelescu Luciana Alexandra , Enache Robert Mihai , Roşu Oana Alexandra , Profir Monica , Creţoiu Sanda Maria , Gaspar Bogdan Severus
Published: September 2024

Predictive biomarkers for immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) in solid tumors such as melanoma, hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), colorectal cancer (CRC), non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), endometrial carcinoma, renal cell carcinoma (RCC), or urothelial carcinoma (UC) include programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD-L1) expression, tumor mutational burden (TMB), defective deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) mismatch repair (dMMR), microsatellite instability (MSI), and the tumor microenvironment (TME). Over the past decade, several types of ICIs, including cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated protein 4 (CTLA-4) inhibitors, anti-programmed cell death 1 (PD-1) antibodies, anti-programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD-L1) antibodies, and anti-lymphocyte activation gene-3 (LAG-3) antibodies have been studied and approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA), with ongoing research on others. Recent studies highlight the critical role of the gut microbiome in influencing a positive therapeutic response to ICIs, emphasizing the importance of modeling factors that can maintain a healthy microbiome. However, resistance mechanisms can emerge, such as increased expression of alternative immune checkpoints, T-cell immunoglobulin (Ig), mucin domain-containing protein 3 (TIM-3), LAG-3, impaired antigen presentation, and alterations in the TME. This review aims to synthesize the data regarding the interactions between microbiota and immunotherapy (IT). Understanding these mechanisms is essential for optimizing ICI therapy and developing effective combination strategies.
Novel Clinical, Immunological, and Metabolic Features Associated with Persistent Post-Acute COVID-19 Syndrome
Authors: Santana-de Anda Karina , Torres-Ruiz Jiram , Mejía-Domínguez Nancy R. , Alcalá-Carmona Beatriz , Maravillas-Montero José L. , Páez-Franco José Carlos , Vargas-Castro Ana Sofía , Lira-Luna Jaquelin , Camacho-Morán Emmanuel A. , Juarez-Vega Guillermo , Meza-Sánchez David , Núñez-Álvarez Carlos , Rull-Gabayet Marina , Gómez-Martín Diana
Published: September 2024

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) survivors are frequently observed to present persistent symptoms constituting what has been called “post-acute COVID-19 syndrome” (PACS) or “long COVID-19”. Some clinical risk factors have been identified to be associated with PACS development; however, specific mechanisms responsible for PACS pathology remain unknown. This study investigates clinical, immunological, and metabolomic risk factors associated with post-acute COVID-19 syndrome (PACS) in 51 patients, assessed 7–19 months after acute infection. Among the participants, 62.7% were male and 37.2% were female, with an average age of 47.8 years. At the follow-up, 37.2% met the criteria for PACS, revealing significant differences in immunological and metabolomic profiles at the time of acute infection. Patients with PACS were characterized by elevated levels of mature low-density granulocytes (LDGs), interleukin-8 (IL-8), pyruvate, pseudouridine, and cystine. Baseline multivariate analysis showed increased pyruvate and decreased alpha tocopherol levels. At follow-up, there was a decrease in absolute B lymphocytes and an increase in non-classical monocytes and 3-hydroxyisovaleric acid levels. These findings suggest that specific immunological and metabolomic markers during acute infection can help identify patients at higher risk of developing persistent PACS.
Antidepressant Effects of Ginsenoside Rc on L-Alpha-Aminoadipic Acid-Induced Astrocytic Ablation and Neuroinflammation in Mice
Authors: Kwon Dohyung , Kim Yunna , Cho Seung-Hun
Published: September 2024

Depression is a prevalent and debilitating mental disorder that affects millions worldwide. Current treatments, such as antidepressants targeting the serotonergic system, have limitations, including delayed onset of action and high rates of treatment resistance, necessitating novel therapeutic strategies. Ginsenoside Rc (G-Rc) has shown potential anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective effects, but its antidepressant properties remain unexplored. This study investigated the antidepressant effects of G-Rc in an L-alpha-aminoadipic acid (L-AAA)-induced mouse model of depression, which mimics the astrocytic pathology and neuroinflammation observed in major depressive disorder. Mice were administered G-Rc, vehicle, or imipramine orally after L-AAA injection into the prefrontal cortex. G-Rc significantly reduced the immobility time in forced swimming and tail suspension tests compared to vehicle treatment, with more pronounced effects than imipramine. It also attenuated the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-6, TGF-β, lipocalin-2) and alleviated astrocytic degeneration, as indicated by increased GFAP and decreased IBA-1 levels. Additionally, G-Rc modulated apoptosis-related proteins, decreasing caspase-3 and increasing Bcl-2 levels compared to the L-AAA-treated group. These findings suggest that G-Rc exerts antidepressant effects by regulating neuroinflammation, astrocyte–microglia crosstalk, and apoptotic pathways in the prefrontal cortex, highlighting its potential as a novel therapeutic agent for depression.
A New De Novo Missense Variant of the TET3 Gene in a Patient with Epilepsy and Macrocephaly
Authors: Foti Miryam Rosa Stella , Tedesco Maria Giovanna , Colavito Davide , Rogaia Daniela , Mencarelli Amedea , Schippa Monica , Gradassi Cristina , Romani Rita , Ardisia Carmela , Prontera Paolo
Published: September 2024

The etiology of neurodevelopmental disorders and epilepsy is very heterogeneous and partly still unknown, and the research of causative genes related to these diseases is still in progress. In 2020, pathogenic variants of the TET3 gene were associated with Beck–Fahrner syndrome, which is characterized by neurodevelopmental delay, intellectual and learning disabilities of variable degree, growth abnormalities, hypotonia and seizures. Variants of TET3 have been described having both an autosomal dominant with a milder phenotype and an autosomal recessive pattern. To date, in the literature, only 28 patients are reported with pathogenic variants of the TET3 gene, and only 9 of them have epilepsy. We describe a 31-year-old woman with macrocephaly, mild neurodevelopmental delay and a long history of epilepsy. Trio-based exome sequencing identified a de novo heterozygous TET3 variant, c.2867G>A p.(Arg956Gln), never described before, absent in the general population and predicted to be potentially pathogenetic by bioinformatics tools. This report aims to describe the clinical history of our patient, the pharmacological treatment and clinical response, as well as the biological characteristics of this new variant.