bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Phytocoenological Analysis of Species Malvaceae and Their Distribution in the Flora of Nakhchivan Autonomous Republic
Authors: Ganbarov D. , Babayeva S. , Seyidov M. , Jafarova F.
Published: May 2024

Provides information about the phytocoenological analysis of the species included into the MalvaceaeJuss. family, spreading in the Nakhchivan Autonomous Republic flora. It was found out from the conducted researches that, since the species included into this family spreading in the area with different ecological characteristics, are quite different. Although the species belonging to the Malvaceae family in the research area do not directly have a dominant feature in plant phytocenosis, they are considered to be very important species in the formation of plant phytocenosis. It is clear from the conducted phytocoenological analysis that Alcea flavovirens (Boiss. & Buhse) Iljin, Alcea rugosa Alef., Alcea tabrisiana (Boiss. & Buhse) Iljin, Althaea hirsuta L., etc. species are among the elements that form xerophytic coenosis on the dry hard mountain slopes, in the lower and middle mountain zones.
Assessment of Populations Centaurea pseudoscabiosa Boiss. et Buhse (Ordubad District, Azerbaijan)
Authors: Gasimov H. , Huseynli F.
Published: May 2024

The structure and morphometric parameters of three populations of Centaurea pseudoscabiosa Boiss. et Buhse were studied, and measures to protect the area were determined. Communities containing this species are described. 56 species from 21 families and 48 genera were identified. The predominant number of species are from the families Asteraceae, Rosaceae and Fabaceae. Perennial grasses and xerophytes dominate. The difference in the number of species in communities and differences in morphometric parameters of generative specimens of Centaurea pseudoscabiosa can be explained by the microclimate conditions of the habitat. The age spectrum of the populations is dominated by young and middle-aged individuals of Centaurea pseudoscabiosa. Populations P1 and P3 can be characterized as stable middle-aged, population P2 — as stable young. The information obtained can form the basis for establishing a monitoring program for other rare, endemic and endangered plant populations in order to protect the rare endemic plant in its natural habitat.
Study of Bacterization of Medicago sativa L. and Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers. During the Process of Phytoremediation of Oil-contaminated Soils
Authors: Gasimova А.
Published: May 2024

Recultivation of oil-contaminated soils on the Absheron Peninsula is one of the most important environmental and social problems for this region. One of the promising ways to solve the problem of soil pollution with petroleum hydrocarbons is the development of methods and approaches for their purification and detoxification in situ, and above all, biodetoxification and bioremediation. In a model vegetation experiment using complex systems of a mixture of plants and microorganisms, phytoremediation of soil contaminated with crude oil at a concentration of 15 g/kg was investigated. It has been established that the inoculation of plants with the modified Fermi-Start biological product affects the number of rhizosphere microorganisms that stimulate plant growth, as well as the degree of purification of gray-brown soil from oil. Cynodon dactylon is an effective biosystem for the remediation of oil-contaminated gray-brown soils as it is modified by a culture of an oil-oxidizing microorganism of the Pseudomonas aeruginosa, isolated from oil-contaminated gray-brown soil, the Fermi-Start biological product and belongs to the group of “effective microorganisms”, associated with plants — Medicago sativa. The joint introduction of the Fermi-Start biological product and the culture of P. aeruginosa had the greatest protective effect on seedlings from exposure to crude oil. The height of the shoots increased by 71% compared with the negative control, in parallel, the degree of oil degradation increased to 24%. A significant role of alfalfa in stimulating the number of rhizosphere microorganisms capable of hydrocarbon degradation has been revealed. This is confirmed by data showing that the number of microorganisms in the plant rhizoplane was 1–2 orders of magnitude higher (about 1.1×107 on average) than in the rhizosphere (about 1.4×105 on average), which may be due to secretion of plant root exudates. The results of the research allow us to recommend the use of a plant-microbial biosystem consisting of Medicago sativa and Cynodon dactylon, together with a Fermi-Start modified biological product for phytoremediation of gray-brown soil contaminated with crude oil.
Monitoring Assessment of Earthquakes in Osh Region Using GIS Technologies
Authors: Mamazhakypova G. , Abdulla-uulu M.
Published: May 2024

The article discusses the problem of using satellite images of the earth’s surface for monitoring assessment of seismic activity in the study area. This study uses Sentinel-2 and SRTM satellite data, topographic, geological and seismic data that can contribute to seismic hazards, faults and past earthquake data. The study was developed in ArcGIS 10.7.1 software using thematic vector and raster data.
Features of the Organization of Vaccination of the Adult Population Living in Rural Areas of Groups of Family Doctors No. 7 in the Background of the Family Medicine Center of Jalal-Abad City of the Kyrgyz Republic
Authors: Temirov N. , Temirova V. , Nasir Khudabakhsh Yakub
Published: May 2024

The results of organizing rapid testing and vaccination against viral hepatitis B among the adult population of group of family doctors No. 7, in the family medicine center of the city of Jalal-Abad, are presented. In 2023, 241 people underwent rapid testing, of which 236 had negative test results. Coverage was 4.3%. The high frequency of vaccination of the first, second and third doses against parenteral viral hepatitis occurs in the age group of 50-59 years, then in 40-49 years and in third place — 60 years and older. More women (61.4%) apply for vaccination than men (38.6%). Among those who applied, most often are the unemployed population, then contact persons, and in third place are teachers of educational institutions.
Ulinastatitis in Complex Treatment of Acute Pancreatitis (Literature Review)
Authors: Tsoi O. , Mamakeev K. , Kozhakhmetov S. , Rustemova K. , Telmanova Zh. , Zhalgasbaev Zh.
Published: May 2024

The purpose of this literature review is to assess the completeness and significance of recent research on the treatment of a destructive form of pancreatitis for public health and scientific achievements, highlighting areas that require further detailed study. A review of foreign literature on the use of the protease inhibitor ulinastatin in the complex conservative treatment and prevention of acute pancreatitis is made. The clinical and laboratory effectiveness of the drug in preventing the transition of uninfected pancreatic necrosis into a complicated purulent-necrotic form with the development of abdominal sepsis, as well as the effect on treatment results and mortality, has been demonstrated. Existing schemes and modes of application are given. In recent years, significant scientific achievements have been presented in the field of treatment of acute pancreatitis, especially in the context of its destructive forms. The results of numerous studies have made it possible to formulate recommendations aimed at optimizing treatment approaches and improving the prognosis of this condition. Studies have identified key factors affecting the prognosis and outcome of treatment of acute pancreatitis, including the degree of destruction of the pancreas, clinical and laboratory characteristics of patients, as well as complications associated with various treatment methods. These data will allow surgeons to develop individual treatment strategies, taking into account the specifics of each case. Ulinastatin is not only a protease inhibitor, but also has anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory properties. Based on the results of numerous foreign studies, the high clinical and laboratory effectiveness of ulinastainin the complex drug therapy of acute pancreatitis has been proven. And also, to prevent it and/or hyperfermentemia during ERCP and extended operations on the organs of the pancreato-duodenal zone. Ulinastatin is most effective in the edematous form of AP and aseptic pancreatic necrosis. In case of infected pacreonecrosis with severe organ-systemic failure or the formation of purulent-necrotic foci in the retroperitoneum (abdominal sepsis), the drug is not effective.
Computer Modeling of Load on the Lower Leg Using the Finite Element Method
Authors: Dzhumabekov S. , Shambetov Zh. , Isaeva G.
Published: May 2024

The work carried out a numerical calculation to determine the change in the distribution of loads and displacements occurring in the human lower leg during surgery, namely, the removal of part of the fibula to correct the loads caused by pathological changes in the knee joint.
Antioxidant, Antimicrobial Properties of Prangos ferulacea and Importance in the Treatment of Breast Cancer
Authors: Abbasov N. , Rakhimova S. , Abbasli S.
Published: May 2024

The article presents information on the antioxidant properties of the Prangos ferulacea (L.) Lindl. plant in the treatment of breast cancer and its significance in breast cancer based on literature data and research results. Treatment with plants and plant ingredients is one of the main methods of cancer treatment. In the world, women suffer from breast cancer. Prevention of this disease both in quantity and efficiency, treatment with plants gives more positive results. To fully understand the therapeutic potential of Prangos ferulacea species in the treatment of disease. This plant is also used for treatment and other purposes.
Delivery and Delivery Frequency
Authors: Vybornykh V.
Published: May 2024

Vaginal delivery is preferred given that morbidity and mortality associated with operative caesarean section have increased over time. Caesarean section is a unique measure of preserving the health and life of the mother or fetus, but the global rise in its frequency is alarming. Medical caesarean section is an effective method of reducing maternal and perinatal mortality. Any method of delivery for women with a history of caesarean section carries risks. Today, it is extremely necessary to assess the frequency of unreasonable delivery tactics, namely the frequency of unreasonable antenatal cesarean section, unsuccessful attempts at vaginal delivery, the frequency of delivery with severe complications for the mother and/or newborn. In general, 951 births occurred in the Kyrgyz Scientific Center for Human Reproduction in 2016, in 2017 (2193) the number of births increased by +130.6%, in 2018 (2638) by +20.3%, in 2019 the decline was −15.9%, in 2020 the number of births increased again (2808) by +26.5%, 2021 (3543) by +26.1% and 2022 (3231) cases of childbirth decreased by −8.8%. Analysis of delivery methods in women admitted to the Center for Human Reproduction in Bishkek showed in the years studied the predominance of vaginal deliveries over cesarean sections from 2.4 times to 3.0 times. Over time, cases of vaginal delivery tended to decrease against the background of an increase in cases of cesarean sections in 2018 and 2020-2022, with the exception of 2017 and 2019.
The role of plant extracts in the complex therapy of diseases of the musculoskeletal system
Authors: Orlova S. V. , Prokopenko E. V. , Nikitina E. A. , Batysheva T. T. , Balashova N. V. , Alekseeva M. V. , Vodolazkaya A. N.
Published: May 2024

Medicinal plants and their secondary metabolites are increasingly used in the treatment of diseases in complex therapy. Inflammation is a pathological condition that includes a wide range of diseases such as rheumatic and immune-mediated conditions, diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, etc. Three plants are presented in the review: Harpgophytum procumbens, Curcuma longa, Bosswellia serrata, whose anti-inflammatory effects have been evaluated in clinical and experimental research. The use of Harpgophytum, turmeric and boswellia shows that these phytochemicals can directly act on multiple inflammatory mechanisms and may reduce pain and slow cartilage degradation in patients with osteoarthritis. Since treating inflammation is not a onedimensional remedy, we attempted to describe a multidimensional therapeutic approach to inflammation using phytoextracts. However, further research is needed to provide more information about the effectiveness of herbal extracts, as well as their combinations, in people with inflammatory joint diseases.
Climate change, public health, and animal welfare: towards a One Health approach to reducing animal agriculture’s climate footprint
Authors: Verkuijl Cleo , Smit Jessie , Green Jonathan M. H. , Nordquist Rebecca E. , Sebo Jeff , Hayek Matthew N. , Hötzel Maria José
Published: May 2024

Animal agriculture contributes significantly to global greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions—an estimated 12%-20% of total anthropogenic emissions. This has led both governmental and private actors to propose various ways to mitigate those climate impacts. This paper applies a One Health lens to the issue, arguing that the choice of solutions should not only consider the potential to reduce GHG emissions—which is not always a given—but also the implications for public health and animal welfare. With this perspective, we examine the potential public health and animal welfare impacts of three types of strategies that are often proposed: (1) “sustainable intensification” methods, aimed at maintaining or increasing production while limiting emissions and avoiding further land conversion; (2) “species shift” approaches, which focus on changing diets to consume meat from animals produced with lower GHG emissions instead of that of animals associated with higher emissions; and (3) “systemic dietary change” approaches that promote shifts towards whole plant-based foods or novel alternatives to conventional animal products. We discuss how some approaches—particularly those associated with sustainable intensification and species shift—could introduce new and significant risks to public health and animal welfare. Promoting systemic dietary change helps to overcome some of these challenges, but requires careful attention to equity to ensure that vulnerable populations still have access to the nutrients they need. We end with recommendations for a more holistic approach to reducing emissions from farmed animals that can help avoid trade-offs and increase synergies with other societal goals.
Citrate-buffered Yamanaka medium allows to produce high-yield bacterial nanocellulose in static culture using Komagataeibacter strains isolated from apple cider vinegar
Authors: Núñez Dariela , Oyarzún Patricio , Cáceres Rodrigo , Elgueta Elizabeth , Gamboa Maribet
Published: May 2024

Bacterial nanocellulose (BNC) is a sustainable, renewable, and eco-friendly nanomaterial, which has gained great attentions in both academic and industrial fields. Two bacterial nanocellulose-producing strains (CVV and CVN) were isolated from apple vinegar sources, presenting high 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities (96%–98%) with Komagataeibacter species. The biofilm was characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), revealing the presence of rod-shaped bacteria intricately embedded in the polymeric matrix composed of nanofibers of bacterial nanocellulose. FTIR spectrum and XRD pattern additionally confirmed the characteristic chemical structure associated with this material. The yields and productivities achieved during 10 days of fermentation were compared with Komagataeibacter xylinus ATCC 53524, resulting in low levels of BNC production. However, a remarkable increase in the BNC yield was achieved for CVV (690% increase) and CVN (750% increase) strains at day 6 of the fermentation upon adding 22 mM citrate buffer into the medium. This effect is mainly attributed to the buffering capacity of the modified Yakamana medium, which allowed to maintain pH close to 4.0 until day 6, though in combination with additional factors including stimulation of the gluconeogenesis pathway and citrate assimilation as a carbon source. In addition, the productivities determined for both isolated strains (0.850 and 0.917 g L−1 d−1) compare favorably to previous works, supporting current efforts to improve fermentation performance in static cultures and the feasibility of scaling-up BNC production in these systems.
Theaflavin −3,3'-digallate/ethanol: a novel cross-linker for stabilizing dentin collagen
Authors: Chen Zhiyong , Wei Yingxian , Liang Likun , Wang Xu , Peng Fangfei , Liang Yiying , Huang Xin , Yan Kaiqi , Gao Yunxia , Li Kangjing , Huang Xiaoman , Jiang Xinglu , Chen Wenxia
Published: May 2024

Objectives

To study the ability of theaflavin-3,3’-digallate (TF3)/ethanol solution to crosslink demineralized dentin collagen, resist collagenase digestion, and explore the potential mechanism.

Methods

Fully demineralized dentin blocks were prepared using human third molars that were caries-free. Then, these blocks were randomly allocated into 14 separate groups (n = 6), namely, control, ethanol, 5% glutaraldehyde (GA), 12.5, 25, 50, and 100 mg/ml TF3/ethanol solution groups. Each group was further divided into two subgroups based on crosslinking time: 30 and 60 s. The efficacy and mechanism of TF3’s interaction with dentin type I collagen were predicted through molecular docking. The cross-linking, anti-enzymatic degradation, and biomechanical properties were studied by weight loss, hydroxyproline release, scanning/transmission electron microscopy (SEM/TEM), in situ zymography, surface hardness, thermogravimetric analysis, and swelling ratio. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and Raman spectroscopy were utilized to explore its mechanisms. Statistical analysis was performed using one and two-way analysis of variance and Tukey’s test.

Results

TF3/ethanol solution could effectively crosslink demineralized dentin collagen and improve its resistance to collagenase digestion and biomechanical properties (p < 0.05), showing concentration and time dependence. The effect of 25 and 50 mg/ml TF3/ethanol solution was similar to that of 5% GA, whereas the 100 mg/mL TF3/ethanol solution exhibited better performance (p < 0.05). TF3 and dentin type I collagen are mainly cross-linked by hydrogen bonds, and there may be covalent and hydrophobic interactions.

Conclusion

TF3 has the capability to efficiently cross-link demineralized dentin collagen, enhancing its resistance to collagenase enzymatic hydrolysis and biomechanical properties within clinically acceptable timeframes (30 s/60 s). Additionally, it exhibits promise in enhancing the longevity of dentin adhesion.
Biological clock regulation by the PER gene family: a new perspective on tumor development
Authors: Chen Kai , Wang Yaohui , Li Dengxiong , Wu Ruicheng , Wang Jie , Wei Wuran , Zhu Wei , Xie Wenhua , Feng Dechao , He Yi
Published: May 2024

The Period (PER) gene family is one of the core components of the circadian clock, with substantial correlations between the PER genes and cancers identified in extensive researches. Abnormal mutations in PER genes can influence cell function, metabolic activity, immunity, and therapy responses, thereby promoting the initiation and development of cancers. This ultimately results in unequal cancers progression and prognosis in patients. This leads to variable cancer progression and prognosis among patients. In-depth studies on the interactions between the PER genes and cancers can reveal novel strategies for cancer detection and treatment. In this review, we aim to provide a comprehensive overview of the latest research on the role of the PER gene family in cancer.
CATH-2-derived antimicrobial peptide inhibits multidrug-resistant Escherichia coli infection in chickens
Authors: Hao Shihao , Shi Wenhui , Chen Liujun , Kong Tianyou , Wang Bin , Chen Shuming , Guo Xiaomin
Published: May 2024

Avian colibacillosis (AC), caused by infection with Escherichia coli (E. coli), is a major threat to poultry health, food safety and public health, and results in high mortality and significant economic losses. Currently, new drugs are urgently needed to replace antibiotics due to the continuous emergence and increasing resistance of multidrug-resistant (MDR) strains of E. coli caused by the irrational use of antibiotics in agriculture and animal husbandry. In recent years, antimicrobial peptides (AMPs), which uniquely evolved to protect the host, have emerged as a leading alternative to antibiotics in clinical settings. CATH-2, a member of the antimicrobial cathelicidin peptide family, has been reported to have antibacterial activity. To enhance the antimicrobial potency and reduce the adverse effects on animals, we designed five novel AMPs, named C2-1, C2-2, C2-3, C2-4 and C2-5, based on chicken CATH-2, the secondary structures of these AMPs were consistently α-helical and had an altered net charge and hydrophobicity compared to those of the CATH-2 (1-15) sequences. Subsequently, the antimicrobial activities of CATH-2 (1-15) and five designed peptides against MDR E. coli were evaluated in vitro. Specifically, C2-2 showed excellent antimicrobial activity against either the ATCC standard strain or veterinary clinical isolates of MDR E. coli, with concentrations ranging from 2-8 μg/mL. Furthermore, C2-2 maintained its strong antibacterial efficacy under high temperature and saline conditions, demonstrating significant stability. Similarly, C2-2 retained a high level of safety with no significant hemolytic activity on chicken mature red blood cells or cytotoxicity on chicken kidney cells over the concentration range of 0-64 μg/mL. Moreover, the administration of C2-2 improved the survival rate and reduced the bacterial load in the heart, liver and spleen during MDR E. coli infection in chickens. Additionally, pathological damage to the heart, liver and intestine was prevented when MDR E. coli infected chickens were treated with C2-2. Together, our study showed that C2-2 may be a promising novel therapeutic agent for the treatment of MDR E. coli infections and AC.
Constructing images of HCWs in Chinese government Weibo posts: a discourse-historical approach
Authors: Wang Xueyu , Zheng Zheng
Published: May 2024

This study examines the image construction of front-line healthcare workers (HCWs) in Chinese government Weibo (microblogs) during the COVID-19 pandemic. Specifically, we rely on a discourse-historical approach to analyze 1,510 posts collected from an influential government Weibo account, @healthchina (健康中国), during the first wave of the pandemic to investigate the diverse images of HCWs constructed, the discursive strategies employed, and the pragma-linguistic devices used by @healthchina. The data analyses find that Chinese HCWs are depicted as professional and competent in addressing the pandemic crisis, compassionate and caring to their patients, and responsible and devoted to public health. Two discursive strategies are found salient in HCW’s image construction—nomination and predication realized through the identity labels, attitude/judgment resources, metaphors and comparisons, pictures, and hashtags. We argue that Chinese government microbloggers intentionally constructed these images of the HCWs to elicit positive emotional responses, reinforce government trustworthiness, and foster social cohesion in the collective fight against the pandemic. This research underscores the strategic communication efforts aimed at shaping the perception of HCWs and their pivotal role in managing the pandemic.
Reinforcement learning for path planning of free-floating space robotic manipulator with collision avoidance and observation noise
Authors: Al Ali Ahmad , Zhu Zheng H.
Published: May 2024

This study introduces a novel approach for the path planning of a 6-degree-of-freedom free-floating space robotic manipulator, focusing on collision and obstacle avoidance through reinforcement learning. It addresses the challenges of dynamic coupling between the spacecraft and the robotic manipulator, which significantly affects control and precision in the space environment. An innovative reward function is introduced in the reinforcement learning framework to ensure accurate alignment of the manipulator’s end effector with its target, despite disturbances from the spacecraft and the need for obstacle and collision avoidance. A key feature of this study is the use of quaternions for orientation representation to avoid the singularities associated with conventional Euler angles and enhance the training process’ efficiency. Furthermore, the reward function incorporates joint velocity constraints to refine the path planning for the manipulator joints, enabling efficient obstacle and collision avoidance. Another key feature of this study is the inclusion of observation noise in the training process to enhance the robustness of the agent. Results demonstrate that the proposed reward function enables effective exploration of the action space, leading to high precision in achieving the desired objectives. The study provides a solid theoretical foundation for the application of reinforcement learning in complex free-floating space robotic operations and offers insights for future space missions.
Impact of a submerged stream groyne on morphology and sedimentology on a tidal inlet, Harle (Southern North Sea, Germany)
Authors: Geßner Anna-Lena , Wollschläger Jochen , Giebel Helge-A. , Badewien Thomas H.
Published: May 2024

Coastal erosion and the need for flood protection present globally significant challenges. To address these challenges, hard coastal protection structures, such as groynes, are employed worldwide to safeguard coastal areas and regulate currents. However, their specific effects on current dynamics and sediment properties, particularly within tidal inlets, remain inadequately investigated, especially in regions like the North Sea characterized by prevalent tidal currents. This study aims to address the knowledge gap by examining the long-term impacts of coastal protection measures on sedimentology, with a focus on the environment of a tidal inlet. The Southern North Sea coast is subject to mesotidal conditions. It presents a mixed-energy coast with an erosive eastward littoral drift, providing an ideal setting for this investigation. On the island of Wangerooge, a prominent groyne extends into the Harle inlet, significantly restricting the exchange area between the North Sea and the Wadden Sea. Consequently, the changes in flow dynamics and sediment transport resulting from the construction significantly affect sediment distribution and morphology within the inlet. Sedimentological analysis was employed to characterize surface sediment properties and statistical analysis identified seven distinct facies associated with three realms, which were shaped by the tidal currents affected by the groyne to a distinct pattern. Additionally, the integration of multibeam data from existing literature facilitated the creation of a comprehensive facies map. These findings suggest alterations in the morphology of the inlet. By comparing the results with an unaffected inlet, the Otzumer Balje, this study provides valuable insights into the complex interplay between coastal protection infrastructure and coastal sedimentology within a high-dynamic tidal inlet system.
Leaf wax n-alkane distribution and hydrogen isotopic fractionation in fen plant communities of two Mediterranean wetlands (Tenaghi Philippon, Nisí fen—Greece)
Authors: Ardenghi Nicolò , Mulch Andreas , McFarlin Jamie M. , Sachse Dirk , Kahmen Ansgar , Niedermeyer Eva M.
Published: May 2024

Many continental paleoclimate archives originate from wetland sedimentary sequences. While several studies have investigated biomarkers derived from peat-generating vegetation typical of temperate/boreal bogs (e.g., Sphagnum), only scant information is available on emergent plants predominant in temperate/subtropical coastal marshlands, peri-lacustrine and fen environments. Here, we address this gap, focusing on two wetlands in the Mediterranean (Nisí fen and Tenaghi Philippon, Greece). We examined the concentration, homologue distribution, and hydrogen stable isotopic composition (δ2H) of leaf wax n-alkanes in 13 fen plant species, their surrounding soil, and surface water during the wet growing season (spring) and the declining water table period (summer). Our findings indicate that local graminoid species primarily contribute to the soil n-alkane signal, with a lesser influence from forbs, likely owing to differences in morphology and vegetation structure. The δ2H values of surface and soil water align with local average annual precipitation δ2H, reflecting winter-spring precipitation. Consistently, the average δ2H of local surface, soil, and lower stem water showed negligible evaporative enrichment, confirming minimal 2H-fractionation during water uptake. We find that δ2H values of source water for wax compound synthesis in local fen plants accurately mirror local annual precipitation. Furthermore, despite differences between leaves and lower stems in n-alkane production rates, their δ2H values exhibit remarkable similarity, indicating a shared metabolic substrate, likely originating in leaves. Our net 2H-fractionation values (i.e., precipitation to leaf n-alkanes) align with those in Chinese highlands and other similar environments, suggesting consistency across diverse climatic zones. Notably, our data reveal a seasonal decrease in the carbon preference index (CPI) in plant samples, indicating wax lipid synthesis changes associated with increased aridity. Additionally, we introduce a new parity isotopic difference index (PID) based on the consistent δ2H difference between odd and even n-alkane homologues. The PID demonstrates a strong anticorrelation with plant CPI, suggesting a potential avenue to trace long-term aridity shifts through δ2H analysis of odd and even n-alkane homologues in sedimentary archives. While further development of the PID is necessary for broad application, these findings highlight the intricate interplay between plant physiology, environmental parameters, and sedimentary n-alkanes in unravelling past climatic conditions.
Radioactive iodine refractoriness in Middle Eastern differentiated thyroid cancer: clinical outcome and risk factor analysis
Authors: Parvathareddy Sandeep Kumar , Siraj Abdul K. , Siraj Nabil , Ahmed Saeeda O. , Al-Rasheed Maha , Qadri Zeeshan , Siddiqui Khawar , Al-Sobhi Saif S. , Al-Dayel Fouad , Al-Kuraya Khawla S.
Published: May 2024

Background

Radioactive iodine refractory differentiated thyroid cancer (RAIR-DTC) has received increasing attention due to its poor prognosis. However, outcomes may vary among patients with RAIR-DTC. The role of clinico-pathological and molecular prognostic factors in survival remains controversial, resulting in difficulty in selecting patients for new targeted therapies. We assessed mortality rate and DTC-specific survival in Middle Eastern RAIR-DTC to identify prognostic factors associated with survival.

Methods

This single center, retrospective study enrolled 268 patients with RAIR-DTC. Mortality rate and DTC-specific survival were analyzed to identify prognostic factors related to survival. Univariate and multivariate analysis were performed using Cox proportional hazards model.

Results

Of the 268 cases of RAIR-DTC, 40.3% (108/268) had absent 131I uptake (either on diagnostic or post-therapy whole body scan), 15.3% (41/268) had progressive disease (PD) despite 131I, 7.5% (20/268) had persistent disease despite cumulative activity of I131 of >600 mCi and 36.9% (n=99/268) developed distant metastasis. On multivariate analysis, age (more than 45 years), presence of metastatic disease and tumors harboring telomerase reverse transcriptase (TERT) promoter mutations were independent prognostic factors for poor DTC-specific survival. Subjects were divided into 3 groups according to the number of risk factors; low risk (no risk factors); intermediate (≤ 2 risk factors); and high risk (all the 3 risk factors). Ten-year DTC-specific survival rates in low, intermediate and high-risk groups were 100.0%, 92.9% and 53.6%, respectively.

Conclusions

The contribution of age greater than 45 years to RAIR-DTC mortality is impactful. Older age, presence of distant metastasis and TERT mutations could be used as early predictors of RAIR-DTC cases. The identification of prognostic factors for poor survival in RAIR-DTC may improve the selection of patients for more personalized surveillance and therapeutic modalities.
Diagnosis and management of non-CAH 46,XX disorders/differences in sex development
Authors: Yavas Abalı Zehra , Guran Tulay
Published: May 2024

Prenatal-onset androgen excess leads to abnormal sexual development in 46,XX individuals. This androgen excess can be caused endogenously by the adrenals or gonads or by exposure to exogenous androgens. The most common cause of 46,XX disorders/differences in sex development (DSD) is congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH) due to 21-hydroxylase deficiency, comprising >90% of 46,XX DSD cases. Deficiencies of 11β-hydroxylase, 3β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase, and P450-oxidoreductase (POR) are rare types of CAH, resulting in 46,XX DSD. In all CAH forms, patients have normal ovarian development. The molecular genetic causes of 46,XX DSD, besides CAH, are uncommon. These etiologies include primary glucocorticoid resistance (PGCR) and aromatase deficiency with normal ovarian development. Additionally, 46,XX gonads can differentiate into testes, causing 46,XX testicular (T) DSD or a coexistence of ovarian and testicular tissue, defined as 46,XX ovotesticular (OT)-DSD. PGCR is caused by inactivating variants in NR3C1, resulting in glucocorticoid insensitivity and the signs of mineralocorticoid and androgen excess. Pathogenic variants in the CYP19A1 gene lead to aromatase deficiency, causing androgen excess. Many genes are involved in the mechanisms of gonadal development, and genes associated with 46,XX T/OT-DSD include translocations of the SRY; copy number variants in NR2F2, NR0B1, SOX3, SOX9, SOX10, and FGF9, and sequence variants in NR5A1, NR2F2, RSPO1, SOX9, WNT2B, WNT4, and WT1. Progress in cytogenetic and molecular genetic techniques has significantly improved our understanding of the etiology of non-CAH 46,XX DSD. Nonetheless, uncertainties about gonadal function and gender outcomes may make the management of these conditions challenging. This review explores the intricate landscape of diagnosing and managing these conditions, shedding light on the unique aspects that distinguish them from other types of DSD.
Metabolomic profiling of Prader-Willi syndrome compared with essential obesity
Authors: Rigamonti Antonello E. , Polledri Elisa , Favero Chiara , Caroli Diana , Bondesan Adele , Grugni Graziano , Mai Stefania , Cella Silvano G. , Fustinoni Silvia , Sartorio Alessandro
Published: May 2024

Introduction

Prader-Willi syndrome (PWS) is a rare disease, which shows a peculiar clinical phenotype, including obesity, which is different from essential obesity (EOB). Metabolomics might represent a valuable tool to reveal the biochemical mechanisms/pathways underlying clinical differences between PWS and EOB. The aim of the present (case-control, retrospective) study was to determine the metabolomic profile that characterizes PWS compared to EOB.

Methods

A validated liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) targeted metabolomic approach was used to measure a total of 188 endogenous metabolites in plasma samples of 32 patients with PWS (F/M = 23/9; age: 31.6 ± 9.2 years; body mass index [BMI]: 42.1 ± 7.0 kg/m2), compared to a sex-, age- and BMI-matched group of patients with EOB (F/M = 23/9; age: 31.4 ± 6.9 years; BMI: 43.5 ± 3.5 kg/m2).

Results

Body composition in PWS was different when compared to EOB, with increased fat mass and decreased fat-free mass. Glycemia and HDL cholesterol were higher in patients with PWS than in those with EOB, while insulinemia was lower, as well as heart rate. Resting energy expenditure was lower in the group with PWS than in the one with EOB, a difference that was missed after fat-free mass correction. Carrying out a series of Tobit multivariable linear regressions, adjusted for sex, diastolic blood pressure, and C reactive protein, a total of 28 metabolites was found to be associated with PWS (vs. non-PWS, i.e., EOB), including 9 phosphatidylcholines (PCs) ae, 5 PCs aa, all PCs aa, 7 lysoPCs a, all lysoPCs, 4 acetylcarnitines, and 1 sphingomyelin, all of which were higher in PWS than EOB.

Conclusions

PWS exhibits a specific metabolomic profile when compared to EOB, suggesting a different regulation of some biochemical pathways, fundamentally related to lipid metabolism.
Current coordinated distribution and voltage optimization control for multi-VSGs system considering nonlinear and negative sequence loads
Authors: Xie Luyao , Zhang Yu , Zhang Youbing , Chen Yi , Wang Bo
Published: May 2024

In a microgrid system where multiple virtual synchronous generators (VSGs) are interconnected through high impedance cables, the total output negative sequence and harmonic current of multiple VSGs cannot be coordinated based on the capacity of each power conversion system (PCS). In addition, there is significant distortion in the voltage at the point of common coupling (PCC). Because the impedance amplitude and impedance angle of the cable change with the harmonic frequency, the resistive virtual impedance reshaping method and fixed impedance angle virtual impedance reshaping method used in the current research cannot solve the harmonic current distribution problem. To solve the above problems, a multi-frequency points VSG impedance reshaping control strategy is proposed in this paper, which can adjust the resistive and inductive output impedance of each harmonic frequency independently. The strategy is based on the harmonic separation algorithm of LPF with Feedforward Compensation (FCLPF) and the voltage controller of Vector Proportional Integral (VPI) in fundamental dq rotation coordinate system, which effectively improve the flexibility and accuracy of harmonic impedance reshaping. Among them, FCLPF harmonic separation algorithm has the characteristics of target frequency bandpass and non-target frequency notch, and can eliminate the coupling interference of each harmonic virtual impedance when accumulating virtual impedance voltage references at various frequency points. The closed-loop transfer function of the multi-parallel VPI voltage controller has the characteristics of unit gain and zero phase shift at each harmonic frequency point, which means the static response error of virtual impedance voltage command can be almost completely eliminated. Under the proposed control strategy, the fundamental positive power can be allocated according to the droop coefficient, the fundamental negative current and harmonic current can be allocated according to the sum of the reshaped virtual impedance and the actual line impedance. Reshaping virtual impedance at each harmonic frequency to negative value can also compensate the harmonic voltage drop on the high impedance cable and improve the voltage quality at the PCC.
Review on critical liquid loading models and their application in deep unconventional gas reservoirs
Authors: He Feng , Huang Xusen , Yang Yadong , Bu Chengzhong , Xing Hongchuan , Pu Lingang , Zhang Senlin
Published: May 2024

The exploitation of deep unconventional gas resources has gradually become more significant attributing to their huge reserves and the severe depletion of convention gas resources in the world. The proportion of deep unconventional gas reservoirs in the total gas resources cannot be underestimated, including shale gas, tight gas, and gas of coal seam. Due to the low permeability and porosity, hydraulic fracturing technology is still an important means to develop deep unconventional gas resources. However, the presence of fracturing fluids and water accumulation at the bottom of the wellbore significantly reduce gas production. The liquid loading model can be used to determine when the gas well begins to load the liquid. In this work, different types of liquid loading models are classified, and the applicability of different models is analyzed. At present, the existing critical liquid carrying models can be divided into mechanism models and semi-empirical models. The model established by Turner is a typical mechanism model. There are great differences in the application of a critical liquid loading model between vertical and horizontal wells. The field cases of a liquid loading model in different gas fields are provided and discussed. The mechanism of liquid loading models in recent years is introduced and analyzed. The physical simulations and experimental work therein are described and discussed to clarify the feasibility of the modeling mechanism. This article also presents the limitation and future work for improving the liquid loading models.
Ecological construction status of photovoltaic power plants in China’s deserts
Authors: Wang Yimeng , Liu Benli , Xing Yu , Peng Huaiwu , Wu Hui , Zhong Jianping
Published: May 2024

Solar photovoltaic (PV) is one of the most environmental-friendly and promising resources for achieving carbon peak and neutrality targets. Despite their ecological fragility, China’s vast desert regions have become the most promising areas for PV plant development due to their extensive land area and relatively low utilization value. Artificial ecological measures in the PV plants can reduce the environmental damage caused by the construction activity and promote the ecological condition of fragile desert ecosystems, therefore yield both ecological and economic benefits. However, the understanding of the current status and ecological benefits of this approach in existing desert PV plants is limited. Here we surveyed 40 PV plants in northern China’s deserts to identify the ecological construction modes and their influencing factors. We quantified the ecosystem service value (ESV) provided by these PV plants using remote sensing data and estimated the potential for ESV enhancement. Our results show that PV plant construction in desert regions can significantly improve the ecosystem, even with natural restoration measures (M1) alone, resulting in a 74% increase in average fractional vegetation cover (FVC) during the growing season, although the maximum average FVC of only about 10%. The integrated mode M4, which combined artificial vegetation planting M2 and sand control measures M3, further enhance the average growing season FVC to 14.53%. Currently, 22.5% of plants lack ecological measures, 40% employ only a single measure, but 92% of new plants since 2017 have adopted at least one ecological construction mode. The main influencing factors include surface type, policy support, water resources, ecological construction costs, and scientific management guidance. If artificial ecological construction were incorporated, a significant ESV could be achieved in these PV plants, reaching $8.9 million (a 7.7-fold increase) if assuming a targeted 50% vegetation coverage. This study provides evidence for evaluating the ecological benefit and planning of large-scale PV farms in deserts.
Characterization of melanin from Exophiala mesophila with the prospect of potential biotechnological applications
Authors: Medina-Armijo Cristy , Yousef Ibraheem , Berná Antonio , Puerta Anna , Esteve-Núñez Abraham , Viñas Marc , Prenafeta-Boldú Francesc X.
Published: May 2024

Introducion

Fungal melanin is an underexplored natural biomaterial of great biotechnological interest in different areas. This study investigated the physical, chemical, electrochemical, and metal-binding properties of melanin extracted from the metallotolerant black fungus Exophiala mesophila strain IRTA-M2-F10.

Materials and methods

Specific inhibitory studies with tricyclazole and biochemical profiling of whole cells by synchrotron radiation-based Fourier-transform infrared spectral microscopy (SR-FTIRM) were performed. An optimized extraction protocol was implemented, and purified fungal melanin was characterized using an array of spectrophotometric techniques (UV-Vis, FTIR, and EPR) and by cyclic voltammetry (CV) experiments. The metal-binding capacity of melanin extracts was also assessed by using Cr(VI) as a model heavy metal.

Results

Inhibitory studies indicated that 1,8-dihydroxynaphthalene may be the main precursor molecule of E. mesophila melanin (DHN-melanin). The biochemical characterization of fungal melanin extracts were benchmarked against those from two melanins comprising the precursor molecule L-3,4-dihydroxiphenylalanine (DOPA-melanin): extracts from the ink of the cephalopod Sepia officinalis and DOPA-melanin synthesized in the laboratory. The CV results of melanin extracts incubated with and without cell suspensions of the electroconductive bacterium Geobacter sulfurreducens were indicative of novel semiquinone/hydroquinone redox transformations specific for each melanin type. These interactions may play an important role in cation exchange for the adsorption of metals and in microbial interspecies electron transfer processes.

Discussion

The obtained results provided further evidence for the DHN-nature of E. mesophila melanin. The FTIR profiling of melanin extracts exposed to Cr(VI), compared to unexposed melanin, resulted in useful information on the distinct surface-binding properties of fungal melanin. The parameters of the Langmuir and Freundlicht isotherms for the adsorption of Cr(VI) were determined and compared to bibliographic data. Altogether, the inherent properties of fungal melanin suggest its promising potential as a biomaterial for environmental applications.
Genotype-based “virtual” metabolomics in a clinical biobank identifies novel metabolite-disease associations
Authors: Bagheri Minoo , Bombin Andrei , Shi Mingjian , Murthy Venkatesh L. , Shah Ravi , Mosley Jonathan D. , Ferguson Jane F.
Published: May 2024

Introduction: Circulating metabolites act as biomarkers of dysregulated metabolism and may inform disease pathophysiology. A portion of the inter-individual variability in circulating metabolites is influenced by common genetic variation. We evaluated whether a genetics-based “virtual” metabolomics approach can identify novel metabolite-disease associations.

Methods: We examined the association between polygenic scores for 724 metabolites with 1,247 clinical phenotypes in the BioVU DNA biobank, comprising 57,735 European ancestry and 15,754 African ancestry participants. We applied Mendelian randomization (MR) to probe significant relationships and validated significant MR associations using independent GWAS of candidate phenotypes.

Results and Discussion: We found significant associations between 336 metabolites and 168 phenotypes in European ancestry and 107 metabolites and 56 phenotypes in African ancestry. Of these metabolite-disease pairs, MR analyses confirmed associations between 73 metabolites and 53 phenotypes in European ancestry. Of 22 metabolitephenotype pairs evaluated for replication in independent GWAS, 16 were significant (false discovery rate p < 0.05). These included associations between bilirubin and X–21796 with cholelithiasis, phosphatidylcholine (16:0/22:5n3,18:1/20:4) and arachidonate with inflammatory bowel disease and Crohn’s disease, and campesterol with coronary artery disease and myocardial infarction. These associations may represent biomarkers or potentially targetable mediators of disease risk.