bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Análisis crítico al sistema de indicadores de gestión para la educación pública en Colombia
Authors: Quesada-Ibargüen Victor Manuel , Blanco-Hernández Ingrid
Published: October 2021

Las Instituciones de Educación Superior con financiamiento público, deben rendir cuentas al Estado Colombiano, acerca de su desempeño en la ejecución de la labor que les ha sido confiada. El medio propuesto ha sido el de los indicadores de gestión, para lo cual el Estado traza unos lineamientos generales que sirven de apoyo a decisiones gubernamentales sobre políticas en materia de educación superior, entre ellas la asignación presupuestal a las universidades. Tal como está planteado, los indicadores de gestión no obedecen a un sistema propiamente dicho, razón por la cual este artículo presenta un análisis crítico de los indicadores de gestión para la educación pública en Colombia, basado en el modelo de calidad propuesto por Arturo de la Orden Hoz, que integra el contexto, la eficiencia, la eficacia y la funcionalidad. Se concluye que los indicadores de gestión propuestos por el Estado  colombiano para las universidades públicas no miden la eficacia institucional ni la pertinencia de la educación que se imparte; que son de corte netamente eficientista y el propósito fundamental de su aplicación es contar con unos elementos que guíen la toma de decisiones en materia de asignación de recursos financieros a las IES como también decidir sobre la viabilidad o inviabilidad de la permanencia de éstas en el desempeño de la función que le ha confiado el Estado.Palabras Clave: Calidad, Calidad de la educación, Evaluación, Gestión universitaria, Indicadores de Gestión.
El despertar de un tigre Andino: ¿Puede el crecimiento creciente de Colombia crear suficiente empleo?
Authors: Escobar-Espinoza Andres
Published: October 2021

El crecimiento económico estuvo en ascenso en Colombia, alcanzando y sobrepasando tasas del 6% durante 2006 y 2007. ¿El crecimiento económico ha sido suficiente para absorber a los trabajadores colombianos? El denominado “crecimiento sin empleo” parece estar presente en la historia reciente de Colombia. En el transcurso del tiempo, periodos de alto crecimiento económico estuvieron asociados con el aumento del empleo. Durante periodos de alto crecimiento (1974-80 y 1985-1994), el incremento en un punto porcentual del PIB manufacturero colombiano representó un incremento de 0.3 a 0.5 puntos porcentuales en la creación de empleo. Sin embargo, durante el periodo reciente de recuperación económica (2001-2005), el empleo permanente en el sector industrial simplemente se redujo. El crecimiento de las pequeñas empresas, en particular, aquellas involucradas en la industria liviana y pesada, y enfocadas al mercado nacional, representa el segmento de la economía con incrementos en el empleo durante el último periodo.Palabras Clave: Tendencias Salariales, Intercambio empleo-salario, Instituciones Laborales, Crecimiento Económico Comparativo
Valoración económica del delito del homicidio en Cartagena 1995-2005
Authors: Goyeneche-González Fredi , Pardo-Gómez Jerry , Mármol-Pérez Oswaldo
Published: October 2021

En el presente documento, se analizan los costos económicos de los homicidios en el distrito de Cartagena para el periodo 1995 - 2005, los cuales se determinan con el cálculo de los Años Potenciales de Vida Perdidos (APVP), a partir de las bases de datos de homicidios del periodo 1995 - 2005 procesadas por el COSED las cuales permiten caracterizar la violencia homicida a partir de un conjunto de variables como hora de ocurrencia de los hechos, contextos, barrios de ocurrencia y clase de lugar, entre otras. Dentro de los principales resultados se comprobó que entre 1995 y el 2005 se observó un promedio anual de 8.452 APVP, siendo 11.018 el valor máximo alcanzado en el año 2003, y 7.010 el valor mínimo el cual se obtuvo en el año 1998.Palabras Clave: Costos económicos, (lJ1.0S potenciales de vida perdidos, homicidios.
Aplicación del costeo basado en actividades a las pequeñas y medianas empresas del sector industrial de la ciudad de Cartagena
Authors: Blanquicett-Torralvo Jesus
Published: October 2021

El propósito del siguiente artículo es presentar una aplicación metodológica del costeo basado en actividades a las pequeñas y medianas empresas del sector industrial de la ciudad de Cartagena, como resultado de un trabajo de investigación aplicado a una muestra de estas empresas y consistente en el diagnóstico en el uso de un sistema de costeo por actividades dentro de las organizaciones consultadas. Para lo anterior, se estudiará y analizará la evolución del sistema de costos moderno en sus cuatro Fases según Kaplan y Cooper, adicionalmente, se realizará recolección de información primaria cómo; observación directa, aplicación de instrumentos y entrevistas para establecer la Fase de Costos en que se encuentra la empresa analizada y sus implicaciones en la toma de decisiones. El hallazgo de mayor significancia del estudio realizado se centra fundamentalmente en que pudo corroborarse la existencia de subsidio cruzado entre productos que se presenta en el costeo tradicional, como por ejemplo, la leche líquida pasterizada donde el tiempo de proceso es mayor en la medida que se reduce el tamaño de la bolsa y sin embargo el costeo tradicional calcula para todos una tasa de CIF equivalente.Palabras clave: Costeo basado en actividades, Inductor de costos, actividades primarias, centro de actividades, actividades de apoyo, centro de costos, parámetros de consumo, recursos.
Salario mínimo real y PIB per cápita, determinantes del desempleo en Colombia 1980-2009
Authors: Cuadro-Guzmán Efraín , Castillo-Loaiza Jorge Leonardo , Castaño-Zuluaga Andrés Mauricio
Published: October 2021

En el presente estudio, se verifica si las variables Salario Mínimo y PIB Per Cápita, son determinantes de la Tasa de Desempleo en Colombia en el periodo 1980 – 2009, y cuál de las dos variables explica mejor el desempleo que se presenta en este país. En el mismo se encontró que, aumentos en el salario mínimo real, ejercen poca influencia sobre el comportamiento de la tasa de desempleo, caso contrario al impacto que se genera en esta tasa como consecuencia de los aumentos del PIB Per Cápita.
Perspectivas fiscales del Distrito de Barranquilla
Authors: Rico-Calvano Florentino , Villanueva-Imitola Andrés
Published: October 2021

ArtÍculo resultado del proyecto de investigación “Nuevo enfoque de la gerencia financiera pública y privada”. Se presenta un análisis que permite mostrar las experiencias en el manejo de las finanzas, la cual demanda mayor responsabilidad fiscal por parte de las entidades territoriales e implicando cambios en la gestión de las finanzas para disminuir el déficit fiscal. Los incrementos de los ingresos por encima de lo presupuestado debe ser para el pago de los compromisos adquiridos resultado de la ley 550 de 1999. Se analizaron las finanzas públicas en el Distrito de Barranquilla con un diagnóstico que se inicia con el análisis estructural de la evolución de los principales componentes de las finanzas públicas (2000 – 2009). Se determinó la situación coyuntural: fiscal, presupuestal y de tesorería durante el periodo de estudio (2007-2009), desde el punto de vista del crecimiento promedio, para conocer el rumbo financiero del Distrito dentro de la concepción de las nuevas estrategias financieras, desempeño fiscal, grado de apalancamiento financiero y el Marco Fiscal de Mediano Plazo, formulado por el ente territorial que se debe reflejar en los signos vitales financieros del Distrito. Se realizó un análisis comparativo del diagnostico coyuntural del Distrito de Barranquilla. Se hizo uso de varios indicadores financieros para medir el desempeño fiscal, eficiencia, capacidad de ahorro, endeudamiento, ingreso tributario, gastos de funcionamiento, inversión percapita y otros con sus respectivas comparaciones, de igual manera se presentan las recomendaciones para unas finanzas sanas y en equilibrio. La investigación es descriptiva, porque permitió describir la situación histórica y las tendencias de las finanzas del Distrito de Barranquilla, para tal efecto se acudieron a las fuentes primarias y secundarias para la recolección de información.
PRINCIPLES OF PROTECTION AND USE OF CULTURAL HERITAGE SITES IN TERMS OF ECOLOGICAL OPTIMIZATION OF RESIDENTIAL AREAS
Authors: Volkov V.
Published: October 2021

The article investigates the principles of protection and use of cultural heritage sites in terms of ecological optimization of residential areas. The concept of cultural heritage object is defined and the order of definition of protection zones of cultural heritage objects in the conditions of ecological optimization of settlement territories is established. The principles of formation of the status of a cultural heritage object are revealed and the legislative basis is described. The concept of "territory of cultural purpose" is separated. Describes the problems of protection of cultural heritage sites, the main of which include the complexity of the content of objects, the search for the necessary funds for restoration, to solve which it is necessary to attract external sources of funding other than the state. The generally accepted ways of solving the outlined problems are given and the principles of their realization are substantiated, namely the necessity of complex application is emphasized. The classification of the process of reconstruction of cultural heritage is presented, the main directions of which include: restoration, regeneration, revitalization, revaluation, improvement and new construction. Each of these classes is described according to the method of implementation on site. It is emphasized that the protection zones of cultural heritage sites are areas adjacent to the included in the register of monuments and ensembles, and within which, in order to ensure the preservation of cultural heritage sites and compositional and species links, the construction of capital construction projects and their reconstruction related to changes in height, number of floors, area, except for construction and reconstruction of linear objects. The boundaries of the protection zone of the cultural heritage object are structured according to the zones of location of the latter. The directions of the relation of the state supervision in the field of protection of objects of cultural heritage to the principles of realization of the state support are defined. The list of possible measures of influence of citizens and legal entities in the field of protection of cultural heritage objects in the conditions of ecological optimization of settlement territories is offered.
Propagación in vitro de la orquídea Prosthechea citrina (La Llave & Lex.) W. E. Higgins nativa del estado de Durango, México
Authors: Cazarez-Favela Tania Lizeth , Graciano-Luna José de Jesús , Solís-González Santiago , Díaz-Ramírez Beatriz , Nájera-Luna Juan Abel , Montoya-Ayón José Bernardo
Published: October 2021

Prosthechea citrina es una orquídea sujeta a protección especial debido a que presenta diversas problemáticas en su hábitat natural que inciden negativamente en su viabilidad biológica, como son el deterioro y la modificación de su entorno y la extracción de plantas. Por ello, la aplicación de técnicas o metodologías que permitan la propagación masiva de una forma rápida y eficiente de la especie proporciona una herramienta para aumentar su productividad sin afectar el entorno natural y su conservación. En el presente estudio se reporta la propagación masiva de P. citrina in vitro, esto mediante protocormos así cultivados en medio Murashige y Skoog (1962) MS con reguladores de crecimiento vegetal. La eficiencia observada en nuevos brotes fue de 6.75 por explante, no hubo diferencias significativas en número de hojas y raíces, la longitud máxima de hoja fue de 20.6 mm y la de raíces fue de 38.27 mm.
Marginación y cambio de cobertura y uso del suelo de la zona metropolitana de Chihuahua
Authors: Dávila-Rodríguez Antonio , Corona-Zambrano Elva Alicia , Pinedo-Álvarez Alfredo , Jiménez-Rentería Gaspar , Pinedo-Álvarez Carmelo , Rojas-Caldelas Rosa Imelda , Ranfla-González Arturo
Published: October 2021

En el marco de la dinámica de las fuerzas centrales y periféricas que generan el crecimiento y el ciclo de vida urbano se evalúa el grado de marginación y el cambio de cobertura y uso del suelo del área de influencia de las tres localidades urbanas que conforman la zona metropolitana de Chihuahua, en el periodo comprendido desde 2000 hasta 2010. Los cambios más importantes y evidentes del análisis del cambio de cobertura y uso del suelo y vegetación, se presentaron en la clase de asentamientos humanos con una tasa de cambio de 71.93%, lo que equivale a 11,912.92 ha. El grado de marginación determinó que no hay población que resida en áreas geoestadísticas básicas con grandes privaciones en salud, educación, vivienda y bienes.
Sustitución del malojo de maíz (Zea mays L.) por la bora (Eichhornia crassipes (Mart) Solms) en bloques multinutricionales para bovinos en crecimiento
Authors: Romero-Marcano Guillermo Sabu , Cárdenas- Ramírez Liseth Josefina
Published: October 2021

Con el propósito de comparar la sustitución parcial o total del malojo de maíz por la bora en bloques multinutricionales (BMN) para bovinos en crecimiento se utilizaron nueve mautes y seis mautas, mestizos, distribuidos en grupos de cinco animales, para suministrar tres fórmulas experimentales: MM (0% bora); BORA-10 (10% bora) y BORA-20 (20% bora) bajo un diseño completamente al azar con arreglo factorial 3 x 2. BORA-10 fue el de mayor consumo (0.575 ± 0.075 kg/animal/día), mientras que BORA-20, mostró restricción. En los animales la proporción de bora en los BMN (PDBBMN) no influyó sobre la variación de peso, pero sí el sexo del animal, con pérdidas más pronunciadas en machos; la interacción PDBBMN*Sexo del animal influyó sobre la variación del perímetro torácico (PT), el aumento del contenido de bora en el BMN redujo el PT.
Evaluación de compuestos químicos de la variedad Típica de Coffea arabica durante el proceso del tostado artesanal
Authors: Salazar-Hernández María F. , Lona-Ramírez Janet A. , Rivera- Domínguez Claudia , Sánchez-Núñez Víctor M. , Rosales-Bravo Hugo , Caudillo-Ortega Norma A.
Published: October 2021

El café es una bebida y proviene de los granos de café (Coffea arabica), el cual contiene diferentes macromoléculas que durante el tostado sufren una transformación y generan atributos propios del café como sabor, color y otras características físicas. El objetivo es determinar el cumplimiento de los parámetros químicos establecidos en la normatividad vigente en el café arábica con diferentes grados de tueste a partir del tostado artesanal. De acuerdo con los resultados en el presente estudio la composición química cumple con los rangos establecidos en la NMXF-013-2000, y el color de cada grado de tueste se ubica en el espacio de color CIE Lab adecuado. Por otro lado, el café con tueste medio (1.146 g/l) presentó mayor contenido en ART, relacionado con las reacciones bioquímicas durante el tostado. Sin embargo, todos los grados de tueste cumplen con los parámetros establecidos.
48th Congress of the Italian Society of Hematology - 16th Congress of the Italian Society of Experimental Hematology
Authors: The Editors
Published: October 2021

Not available.
Estrategias de enseñanza y tecnologías en publicaciones previas a la forzosa virtualización de la educación
Authors: Majul Sofía , De Seta Damián , Borgobello Ana
Published: October 2021

Se realizó un análisis de la relación TIC-estrategias de enseñanza en escritos previos a la pandemia de Covid-19 dado que se la considera de suma relevancia en propiciar la construcción del aprendizaje. La muestra de 61 artículos se organizó en dos conjuntos de datos, por un lado, se agruparon los que hablaban de las claves de búsqueda de forma general, y, por otro, se agruparon aquellos que las abordaban en particular, es decir, especificaban una TIC y una estrategia. Los resultados destacan la necesidad de reforzar las estrategias de enseñanza con integración de TIC ya que se sostiene que su uso favorece el aprendizaje. A partir de la revisión bibliográfica se concluye que la incorporación de TIC en educación conlleva un trabajo de antelación que se habría visto ampliamente dificultado al inicio de la pandemia por la inmediatez del trabajo docente debido a la virtualización forzosa de la educación.
Марк Лилла: Либеральный консерватор против реакции
Authors: Budraitskis Ilya
Published: October 2021

Book review: Mark Lilla. The Shipwrecked Mind. On Political Reaction. NY: New York Review of Books, 2016, 168 p. ISBN: 9781590179024
The Soul Might Well Have Been Dreamed by Cicadas: Inger Christensen’s Speculative Realism
Authors: Wilde Niels
Published: October 2021

In this paper, I reconstruct Inger Christensen’s poetical thinking in a dialogue with the speculative turn in contemporary continental philosophy. Christensen’s poetry has been philosophically interpreted in line with the Romantic tradition. However, I argue that by reframing the context to present day debates in continental metaphysics, Christensen’s position can provide the building blocks for a new hybrid model —an object-oriented philosophy of nature. First, the relation between language as a transcendental semiotic system and reality as a mind-independent realm is addressed not as a correlation between humans and world but as a companionship between two aspects of nature itself. Second, Christensen advocates a generic model of becoming where the engine is fueled by the irreducible “state of secrecy” that generates beings, forces, events on a flat ontological and political plane without ever itself being revealed.
Introduction
Authors: Timofeeva Oxana
Published: October 2021

Introduction to the issue
Marginalizing the Victim and the Political Body of the People
Authors: Koretskaya Marina
Published: October 2021

The article examines Judith Butler’s performative approach to the concept of the people, which allows to not only outline the boundaries of a certain model of political theology, so important for conservative political thought, but to also see the significance born by the acts of entry by collective bodies into public space. In this context, the figure of the victim can have a consolidating function, being the potentially affectively condensed point of the collective body’s assembling. The marginalization of the victim’s body is analyzed through the concept of the politics of grief and that of ungrievable lives. The victim’s marginalization is shown to be a multidimensional phenomenon. Not only the victim, but also the criminal can be marginalized, as well as various circumstances of catastrophic events and acts of violence. Examples taken from the Russian news in recent years illustrate how important the independent media audience’s perception of victims are: whether they perceive the victims they are informed about as marginal or as pertinent to their own lives and identities, whether the audience is ready to shift the boundaries toward greater inclusivity and to reinstate
From Philosophy of Technics to the Technics of Philosophy
Authors: Lebedev Dmitry
Published: October 2021

Book Review: Susanna Lindberg, Techniques en philosophie. Paris: Hermann éditeurs, 2020, 378 p. ISBN: 9791037003690
Vaccination Schedules
Authors: Ahmed Adam , Chihana Rachel , Schmitt Heinz-Josef
Published: October 2021

First vaccines and vaccination schedules were based on “trial and error” and on immunogenicity data (serology).

Latest since the 1990s, vaccination schedules are based on well-defined phase 1–3 development programs as basis for licensure of any new product.

Vaccination schedules must bear in mind the epidemiology of the targeted disease; the biology of available vaccine product(s); local opportunities to vaccinate; monitoring for the desired outcome.

There are 4 basic primary vaccination schedules for children, based on historical development and local needs. Birth doses are recommended with BCG and hepatitis B vaccine.

Dosing in the 2nd year of life is usually needed for long term-protection induced by polysaccharide-conjugate vaccines.

Live vaccines (MMR, VZV) are usually given as of 9 months of age – later dosing may induce improved immune responses; a second dose is needed before school entry for optimal protection.

In addition to “general regular schedules” vaccines and schedules emerge for pregnant women, international travelers, persons above 60 or 65 years, immunocompromised hosts.
PROBLEMS OF A WEST COAST SHEEP AND CATTLE FARMER
Authors: O'Malley J.
Published: October 2021

OUR property is situated at Ikamatua, 30 miles from Greymouth, on the Greymouth-Reefton state highway. On the southern side, the property is bounded by the Big Grey River and on the western side the boundary is the Rough River; in fact, three rivers - the Big Grey, the Little Grey, and the Rough, meet at the south-west corner of the property.
ДОПОМОГА ПОТЕРПІЛИМ ВІД ЗЛОЧИНІВ: ЗАРУБІЖНИЙ ДОСВІД РЕГЛАМЕНТАЦІЇ ТА НАЦІОНАЛЬНІ ПЕРСПЕКТИВИ
Authors: Медицький І. Б.
Published: October 2021

У статті, на основі досвіду США та європейських держав, а також досвіду країн пострадянського періоду, узагальнено підходи щодо правової регламентації питань, пов’язаних із компенсаційними механізмами допомоги потерпілим від злочинів. Констатовано необхідність зміщення вектору суспільної практики протидії злочинності в напрямку посилення захисту прав та інтересів потерпілих. Окреслено шляхи удосконалення вітчизняного законодавства, зокрема, у частині створення та функціонування державного Фонду компенсації шкоди потерпілим від умисних насильницьких злочинів.
ВПРОВАДЖЕННЯ ПРИНЦИПУ ҐЕНДЕРНОЇ РІВНОСТІ В БЮДЖЕТНОМУ ПРОЦЕСІ ТА ПРИ ФОРМУВАННІ ОРГАНІВ ПУБЛІЧНОЇ ВЛАДИ В МЕЖАХ АНТИКОРУПЦІЙНОЇ ПОЛІТИКИ
Authors: Галус О. О. , Рижук І. В. , Бригінець О. О.
Published: October 2021

У статті досліджено особливості впровадження принципу ґендерної рівності в бюджетному процесі та при формуванні органів публічної влади в межах антикорупційної політики. Проаналізовано гарантії дотримання принципу ґендерної рівності на виборах колегіальних органів публічної влади та при прийнятті на публічну службу. Акцентовано увагу на перевагах запровадження ґендерно орієнтованого бюджетування на всіх рівнях публічного управління, що справедливо визнається одним із найбільш ефективних інструментів забезпечення ґендерної рівності, який сприятиме підвищенню підзвітності та прозорості використання бюджетних коштів. Доведено, що належне дотримання принципу ґендерної рівності при формува­ння органів публічної влади полягає в тому, щоб не прирівнювати всіх, навпаки, визначити та врахувати різні потреби.
КОНЦЕПЦІЯ СПОРТИВНОГО ПРАВА: ОГЛЯД КЛЮЧОВИХ ТЕОРЕТИЧНИХ АСПЕКТІВ
Authors: Глущенко Н. В. , Стеблянко А. В. , Мурач Д. В.
Published: October 2021

Стаття присвячена дослідженню концептуальних питань спортивного права, що дозволяють розглядати його як галузь, що має ознаки відносної самостійності та характеризується складністю норм. Проаналізовано вітчизняну нормативно-правову базу регулювання спортивних відносин. Зосереджено увагу на приналежності спортивного права  до освітньої сфери, а саме зарубіжному та вітчизняному досвіді викладання дисципліни «Спортивне право» в закладах вищої освіти. Проаналізовано думки конкретних дослідників щодо недоцільності запровадження Спортивного кодексу України через нерозвинену на відповідному рівні систему норм цієї галузі та проблеми подальшої адаптації законодавства до таких змін.
ЕЛЕМЕНТИ НАЛЕЖНОГО ВИКОНАННЯ ЗА ДОГОВОРОМ НА ПРОВЕДЕННЯ КЛІНІЧНИХ ВИПРОБУВАНЬ ЛІКАРСЬКИХ ЗАСОБІВ
Authors: Утєхін І. Б.
Published: October 2021

У статті проаналізовано поняття елементів належного виконання за договором на проведення клінічних випробувань лікарських засобів. Автор відстоює позицію про те, що вказаний договір через специфічність (некомерційний характер) має свій склад елементів виконання. Незважаючи на зовнішню схожість із комутативними договорами, їх зміст кардинально протилежний. Причиною є те, що договір на проведення клінічних випробувань лікарських засобів має у своєму складі «етичний» елемент. Встановлено, як він проявляється окремо в кожному з елементів виконання зазначеного договору.
TAKING HOSTAGES AND SOME ACTS AGAINST THE PERSON’S FREEDOM IN THE PENAL LEGISLATIONS OF FOREIGN STATES
Authors: Кіріца В.
Published: October 2021

The facts of hostage-taking are recognized throughout the civilized world as prejudicial. Current legislation in most states provides for criminal liability for the offence of hostage-taking, abduction and illegal deprivation of liberty. In the national laws of some states, the concepts of «hostage-taking», «kidnapping of a person», «illegal deprivation of liberty» is not always differentiated. Thus, in some states, in addition to the responsibility for the abduction of a person and the illegal deprivation of liberty, there is also the independent responsibility for taking hostages. In the penal legislation of other states, on the contrary, the offences related to the abduction of a person include in themselves the taking of hostages.
COP26 Futures We Want – Regional Profile for the Arabian Peninsula
Authors: Short Samuel , Molini Annalisa , Santamarina J. Carlos , Friedrich Luiz , Shuckburgh Emily
Published: October 2021

This regional profile for the Arabian Peninsula was developed in the context of the BEIS COP26 Futures We Want project. It covers the United Arab Emirates (UAE) and the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA), and has been developed with the input from in- country academic experts Prof. Annalisa Molini and Mr Luiz Friedrich (Khalifa University, UAE) and Prof. Juan Carlos Santamarina (King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, KSA). It sets out a synthesis of the available evidence base on regional challenges and opportunities for mitigation, adaptation, and resilience measures for both KSA and UAE and the wider Arabian Peninsula associated with climate change and a global transition to an inclusive, desirable, and resilient net-zero future.
Influence of Phytogenic Feed Additive on Performance of Feedlot Cattle
Authors: Piran Filho Francisco Antonio , Turner Tyler Dustin , Mueller Isabel , Daniel Joao Luiz Pratti
Published: October 2021

This study evaluated the influence of a blended phytogenic feed additive on feed intake, feeding behavior, nutrient digestibility, and growth performance during feedlot adaptation, early, and late finishing periods as well as carcass traits. Twenty-six crossbred F1 Angus × Nellore bulls (19 mo ± 4 d) were housed in individually pens and fed a high-forage receiving diet for 7 days. At the end of the receiving period, bulls were weighted [initial shrunk body weight (SBW) 363 ± 20 kg], blocked by SBW and randomly assigned to two treatments; Control: without any additive or PHY: 150 ppm of a phytogenic feed additive fed throughout the adaptation and finishing phases. Bulls were transitioned through four steps over 18 days to a high-grain finishing diet (as % DM, 64% rehydrated corn grain silage, 19% corn gluten feed, 13% sugar cane bagasse and 4% minerals, urea, and vitamins mix). The finishing phase lasted 68 days, with mid-point measurements dividing early and late finishing period. The PHY group DMI was greater during adaptation and late finishing periods (P < 0.05), with a tendency during early finishing period (P = 0.06). Number of daily meals was similar between treatments (P = 0.52), but an increased meal length was noted for PHY group (P < 0.05), which contributed to their greater DMI. Diet digestibility remained similar between groups during the finishing periods (P > 0.1). Ruminitis scores were low and liver abscess similar between treatments. Final SBW tended to be higher (P = 0.09) and hot carcass weight was greater for the PHY group (P < 0.05), with no differences on dressing percentage, ribeye area and marbling score. In conclusion, the PHY treatment had positive effects on intake and carcass weight, without increasing metabolic disorders.
Coiled-Coil Domain Containing 80 Suppresses Nonylphenol-Induced Colorectal Cancer Cell Proliferation by Inhibiting the Activation of ERK1/2
Authors: Wang Jing , Zhang Yuan-wei , Zhang Nian-jie , Yin Shuo , Ruan Du-ji , He Nian , Chen Xu , Yang Xue-feng
Published: October 2021

Recently, the effect of endocrine-disrupting chemicals on the cancer procession has been a concern. Nonylphenol (NP) is a common environmental estrogen that has been shown to enhance the proliferation of colorectal cancer (CRC) cells in our previous studies; however, the underlying mechanism remains unclear. In this study, we confirmed the increased concentration of NP in the serum of patients with CRC. RNA sequencing was used to explore the differentially expressed genes after NP exposure. We found 16 upregulated genes and 12 downregulated genes in COLO205 cells after NP treatment. Among these differentially expressed genes, we found that coiled-coil domain containing 80 (CCDC80) was downregulated by NP treatment and was associated with CRC progression. Further experiments revealed that the overexpression of CCDC80 significantly suppressed NP-induced cell proliferation and recovered the reduced cell apoptosis. Meanwhile, the overexpression of CCDC80 significantly inhibited the activation of ERK1/2 induced by NP treatment. ERK1/2 inhibitor (PD98059) treatment also suppressed NP-induced CRC cell growth, but the overexpression of CCDC80 did not enhance the effect of ERK1/2 inhibitor. Taken together, NP treatment significantly inhibited the expression of CCDC80, and the overexpression of CCDC80 suppressed NP-induced CRC cell growth by inhibiting the activation of ERK1/2. These results suggest that NP could induce CRC cell growth by influencing the expression of multiple genes. CCDC80 and ERK1/2 inhibitors may be suitable therapeutic targets in NP-related CRC progression.
Impacts of Antarctic Sea Ice, AMV and IPO on Extratropical Southern Hemisphere Climate: A Modeling Study
Authors: Zhu Zhu , Liu Jiping , Song Mirong , Wang Shaoyin , Hu Yongyun
Published: October 2021

Some studies have discussed potential influences of Antarctic sea ice anomalies, Atlantic Multi-decadal Variability (AMV), and Interdecadal Pacific Oscillation (IPO) on the Southern Hemisphere (SH) climate, individually. However, it is not clear how different combinations of them influence the extratropical SH climate. Here we select three different combinations of strong anomalies in Antarctic sea ice (SI), AMV and/or IPO identified from observations, and investigate their influence on the winter extratropical SH climate using the Community Atmosphere Model. The model results show that atmospheric responses vary with different combinations. When both SI and AMV are in strong positive polarity (SI + AMV), the polar jet shifts equatorward while the subtropical jet shifts poleward, the amplitude of zonal wave number 1 is reduced in high-latitudes with minimal changes in wave number 2, and a north-south circulation dipole occurs in both the Atlantic and Pacific. Different from SI + AMV, when SI is in strong positive polarity and IPO is in strong negative polarity (SI-IPO), the reduction of wave number 1 is dramatically increased, accompanied by remarkably increased wave number 2. The north-south circulation dipole only occurs in the Pacific and is confined to the central and eastern Pacific, whereas the Atlantic is dominated by anomalously anticyclonic circulation. Together, SI + AMV-IPO leads to the largest reduction of wave number 1 in high-latitudes and subtropics, the strongest north-south circulation dipole in the Pacific as well as the Amundsen Sea Low. As a result, the three combinations produce different patterns of surface temperature and precipitation anomalies over Antarctica, Australia and South America.
Unwanted Exacerbation of the Immune Response in Neurodegenerative Disease: A Time to Review the Impact
Authors: Leite Amanda de Oliveira Ferreira , Bento Torres Neto João , dos Reis Renata Rodrigues , Sobral Luciane Lobato , de Souza Aline Cristine Passos , Trévia Nonata , de Oliveira Roseane Borner , Lins Nara Alves de Almeida , Diniz Daniel Guerreiro , Diniz José Antonio Picanço , Vasconcelos Pedro Fernando da Costa , Anthony Daniel Clive , Brites Dora , Picanço Diniz Cristovam Wanderley
Published: October 2021

The COVID-19 pandemic imposed a series of behavioral changes that resulted in increased social isolation and a more sedentary life for many across all age groups, but, above all, for the elderly population who are the most vulnerable to infections and chronic neurodegenerative diseases. Systemic inflammatory responses are known to accelerate neurodegenerative disease progression, which leads to permanent damage, loss of brain function, and the loss of autonomy for many aged people. During the COVID-19 pandemic, a spectrum of inflammatory responses was generated in affected individuals, and it is expected that the elderly patients with chronic neurodegenerative diseases who survived SARSCoV-2 infection, it will be found, sooner or later, that there is a worsening of their neurodegenerative conditions. Using mouse prion disease as a model for chronic neurodegeneration, we review the effects of social isolation, sedentary living, and viral infection on the disease progression with a focus on sickness behavior and on the responses of microglia and astrocytes. Focusing on aging, we discuss the cellular and molecular mechanisms related to immunosenescence in chronic neurodegenerative diseases and how infections may accelerate their progression.
Neutralization of Hv1/HVCN1 With Antibody Enhances Microglia/Macrophages Myelin Clearance by Promoting Their Migration in the Brain
Authors: Wang Fan , Ma Xiao-Ru , Wu Yang , Xu Yong-Cheng , Gu Hui-Min , Wang Di-Xian , Dong Zhao-Jun , Li Hui-Liang , Wang Li-Bin , Zhao Jing-Wei
Published: October 2021

Microglia dynamically monitor the microenvironment of the central nervous system (CNS) by constantly extending and retracting their processes in physiological conditions, and microglia/macrophages rapidly migrate into lesion sites in response to injuries or diseases in the CNS. Consequently, their migration ability is fundamentally important for their proper functioning. However, the mechanisms underlying their migration have not been fully understood. We wonder whether the voltage-gated proton channel HVCN1 in microglia/macrophages in the brain plays a role in their migration. We show in this study that in physiological conditions, microglia and bone marrow derived macrophage (BMDM) express HVCN1 with the highest level among glial cells, and upregulation of HVCN1 in microglia/macrophages is presented in multiple injuries and diseases of the CNS, reflecting the overactivation of HVCN1. In parallel, myelin debris accumulation occurs in both the focal lesion and the site where neurodegeneration takes place. Importantly, both genetic deletion of the HVCN1 gene in cells in vitro and neutralization of HVCN1 with antibody in the brain in vivo promotes migration of microglia/macrophages. Furthermore, neutralization of HVCN1 with antibody in the brain in vivo promotes myelin debris clearance by microglia/macrophages. This study uncovers a new role of HVCN1 in microglia/macrophages, coupling the proton channel HVCN1 to the migration of microglia/macrophages for the first time.
AP-2δ Expression Kinetics in Multimodal Networks in the Developing Chicken Midbrain
Authors: Kettler Lutz , Sid Hicham , Schaub Carina , Lischka Katharina , Klinger Romina , Moser Markus , Schusser Benjamin , Luksch Harald
Published: October 2021

AP-2 is a family of transcription factors involved in many aspects of development, cell differentiation, and regulation of cell growth and death. AP-2δ is a member of this group and specific gene expression patterns are required in the adult mouse brain for the development of parts of the inferior colliculus (IC), as well as the cortex, dorsal thalamus, and superior colliculus. The midbrain is one of the central areas in the brain where multimodal integration, i.e., integration of information from different senses, occurs. Previous data showed that AP-2δ-deficient mice are viable but due to increased apoptosis at the end of embryogenesis, lack part of the posterior midbrain. Despite the absence of the IC in AP-2δ-deficient mice, these animals retain at least some higher auditory functions. Neuronal responses to tones in the neocortex suggest an alternative auditory pathway that bypasses the IC. While sufficient data are available in mammals, little is known about AP-2δ in chickens, an avian model for the localization of sounds and the development of auditory circuits in the brain. Here, we identified and localized AP-2δ expression in the chicken midbrain during embryogenesis. Our data confirmed the presence of AP-2δ in the inferior colliculus and optic tectum (TeO), specifically in shepherd’s crook neurons, which are an essential component of the midbrain isthmic network and involved in multimodal integration. AP-2δ expression in the chicken midbrain may be related to the integration of both auditory and visual afferents in these neurons. In the future, these insights may allow for a more detailed study of circuitry and computational rules of auditory and multimodal networks.
Abnormalities of Resting-State Electroencephalographic Microstate in Rapid Eye Movement Sleep Behavior Disorder
Authors: Peng Anjiao , Wang Ruien , Huang Jiamin , Wu Haiyan , Chen Lei
Published: October 2021

Objective: Rapid eye movement (REM) sleep behavior disorder (RBD) is a disease characterized by dream enacting behavior and is now commonly believed to be a harbinger to alpha-synucleinopathy diseases such as dementia with Lewy bodies, Parkinson's disease, and multiple system atrophy. The aim of this study was to explore the quasi-stable topological structure of the brain in RBD by analyzing resting-state electroencephalography (EEG) microstates.

Methods: We enrolled 22 participants with RBD and 46 healthy controls (HCs) with age and gender-matched. After the resting-state EEG recordings were acquired, EEG microstate features were analyzed to assess the functional networks of all participants.

Results: Significant differences in the brain topological structure and temporal characteristics of sub-second brain activity were identified between the RBD and HCs. The RBD group had a shorter average duration of microstate A and microstate D when compared with HCs, and microstate B contributed more, while microstate D contributed significantly less to the RBD group. Furthermore, the average duration and proportion of microstate D were negatively correlated with the RBD questionnaire Hong Kong (RBDQ-HK) score.

Conclusion: The result of this study indicates that the microstate dynamics is disturbed in RBD, which might jeopardize the flexibility and adaptability of the brain. Microstates are potential biomarkers to explore the early electrophysiological abnormality of alpha-synucleinopathy diseases.
Identifying Fragmented Reading and Evaluating Its Influence on Cognition Based on Single Trial Electroencephalogram
Authors: Feng Jingwen , Hu Bo , Sun Jingting , Zhang Junpeng , Wang Wen , Cui Guangbin
Published: October 2021

Background: The use of social media daily could nurture a fragmented reading habit. However, little is known whether fragmented reading (FR) affects cognition and what are the underlying electroencephalogram (EEG) alterations it may lead to.

Purpose: This study aimed to identify whether individuals have FR habits based on the single-trial EEG spectral features using machine learning (ML), as well as to find out the potential cognitive impairment induced by FR.

Methods: Subjects were recruited through a questionnaire and divided into FR and noFR groups according to the time they spent on FR per day. Moreover, 64-channel EEG was acquired in Continuous Performance Task (CPT) and segmented into 0.5–1.5 s post-stimulus epochs under cue and background conditions. The sample sizes were as follows: FR in cue condition, 692 trials; noFR in cue condition, 688 trials; FR in background condition, 561 trials; noFR in background condition, 585 trials. For these single-trials, the relative power (RP) of six frequency bands [delta (1–3 Hz), theta (4–7 Hz), alpha (8–13 Hz), beta1 (14–20 Hz), beta2 (21–29 Hz), lower gamma (30–40 Hz)] were extracted as features. After feature selection, the most important feature sets were fed into three ML models, namely Support-Vector Machine (SVM), K-Nearest Neighbor (KNN), and Naive Bayes to perform the identification of FR. RP of six frequency bands was also used as feature sets to conduct classification tasks.

Results: The classification accuracy reached up to 96.52% in the SVM model under cue conditions. Specifically, among six frequency bands, the most important features were found in alpha and gamma bands. Gamma achieved the highest classification accuracy (86.69% for cue, 86.45% for background). In both conditions, alpha RP in central sites of FR was stronger than noFR (p < 0.001). Gamma RP in the frontal site of FR was weaker than noFR in the background condition (p < 0.001), while alpha RP in parieto-occipital sites of FR was stronger than noFR in the cue condition (p < 0.001).

Conclusion: Fragmented reading can be identified based on single-trial EEG evoked by CPT using ML, and the RP of alpha and gamma may reflect the impairment on attention and working memory by FR. FR might lead to cognitive impairment and is worth further exploration.
Evaluating Effects of Glatiramer Acetate Treatment on Amyloid Deposition and Tau Phosphorylation in the 3xTg Mouse Model of Alzheimer’s Disease
Authors: Dionisio-Santos Dawling A. , Karaahmet Berke , Belcher Elizabeth K. , Owlett Laura D. , Trojanczyk Lee A. , Olschowka John A. , O’Banion M. Kerry
Published: October 2021

Neuroinflammation driven by the accumulation of amyloid β (Aβ) can lead to neurofibrillary tangle formation in Alzheimer’s Disease (AD). To test the hypothesis that an anti-inflammatory immunomodulatory agent might have beneficial effects on amyloid and tau pathology, as well as microglial phenotype, we evaluated glatiramer acetate (GA), a multiple sclerosis drug thought to bias type 2 helper T (Th2) cell responses and alternatively activate myeloid cells. We administered weekly subcutaneous injections of GA or PBS to 15-month-old 3xTg AD mice, which develop both amyloid and tau pathology, for a period of 8 weeks. We found that subcutaneous administration of GA improved behavioral performance in novel object recognition and decreased Aβ plaque in the 3xTg AD mice. Changes in tau phosphorylation were mixed with specific changes in phosphoepitopes seen in immunohistochemistry but not observed in western blot. In addition, we found that there was a trend toward increased microglia complexity in 3xTg mice treated with GA, suggesting a shift toward homeostasis. These findings correlated with subtle changes in the microglial transcriptome, in which the most striking difference was the upregulation of Dcstamp. Lastly, we found no evidence of changes in proportions of major helper T cell (Th) subtypes in the periphery. Overall, our study provides further evidence for the benefits of immunomodulatory therapies that alter the adaptive immune system with the goal of modifying microglia responses for the treatment of Alzheimer’s Disease.
Radioimmunotherapy Combined With Low-Intensity Ultrasound and Microbubbles: A Potential Novel Strategy for Treatment of Solid Tumors
Authors: Lin Binwei , Du Huan , Fan Jinjia , Huang Dan , Gao Feng , Li Jie , Zhang Yu , Feng Gang , Dai Tangzhi , Du Xiaobo
Published: October 2021

The prognosis of advanced malignant tumors is very poor, and effective treatment is limited. Radioimmunotherapy (RIT) is a novel treatment method. However, its anti-tumor effect is relatively low in solid tumors, which is mainly due to the blood-tumor barrier preventing RIT from penetrating the tumor, resulting in an insufficient dose. Low-intensity ultrasound with microbubbles (USMB) has proven capable of opening the blood-tumor barrier. The combination of the two technologies may overcome the poor anti-tumor effect of RIT and promote the clinical application of RIT in solid tumors. In this article, we reviewed the current research status of RIT in the treatment of solid tumors and the opportunities and challenges of USMB combined with RIT.
E3 Ubiquitin Ligases in Breast Cancer Metastasis: A Systematic Review of Pathogenic Functions and Clinical Implications
Authors: Wang Yingshuang , Dai Jiawen , Zeng Youqin , Guo Jinlin , Lan Jie
Published: October 2021

Female breast cancer has become the most commonly occurring cancer worldwide. Although it has a good prognosis under early diagnosis and appropriate treatment, breast cancer metastasis drastically causes mortality. The process of metastasis, which includes cell epithelial–mesenchymal transition, invasion, migration, and colonization, is a multistep cascade of molecular events directed by gene mutations and altered protein expressions. Ubiquitin modification of proteins plays a common role in most of the biological processes. E3 ubiquitin ligase, the key regulator of protein ubiquitination, determines the fate of ubiquitinated proteins. E3 ubiquitin ligases target a broad spectrum of substrates. The aberrant functions of many E3 ubiquitin ligases can affect the biological behavior of cancer cells, including breast cancer metastasis. In this review, we provide an overview of these ligases, summarize the metastatic processes in which E3s are involved, and comprehensively describe the roles of E3 ubiquitin ligases. Furthermore, we classified E3 ubiquitin ligases based on their structure and analyzed them with the survival of breast cancer patients. Finally, we consider how our knowledge can be used for E3s’ potency in the therapeutic intervention or prognostic assessment of metastatic breast cancer.
Exploring Better Strategies for RAS Mutation-Associated EGFR-Targeted Resistance in Colorectal Cancer: From the Perspective of Cancer Community Ecology
Authors: Wang Xiaojie , Wu Wenchuan , Zheng Zhifang , Chi Pan
Published: October 2021

RAS is the most common mutated gene in colorectal cancer (CRC), and its occurrence is associated with primary and acquired resistance to anti-epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) blockade. Cancer community ecology, such as the competitive exclusion principle, is a valuable focus and would contribute to the understanding of drug resistance. We have presented several articles on RAS mutant clonal evolution monitoring during anti-EGFR treatment in CRC. In these articles, the availability of serially collected samples provided a unique opportunity to model the tumor evolutionary process from the perspective of cancer community ecology in those patients upon treatment. In this perspective article, we presented a theoretical basis and evidence from several experimental or phase II clinical trials for the contemporary application of ecological mechanisms in CRC treatment. In general, a reduction in targetable RAS wild-type cells to a maximum tolerated extent, such as continuous treatment, might lead to the competitive release of inextirpable RAS mutant cells and cancer progression. A full understanding of subclonal competition might be beneficial in managing CRC. Several ecological strategies, including anti-EGFR treatment reintroduced at an appropriate point of time for RAS mutant patients, intermittent treatment instead of continuous treatment, the appropriate sequence of nonselective targeted therapy, and combination therapy, were proposed.