bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Second‐Generation One‐Pot Enantioselective Heck‐Matsuda Arylations of Unactivated Olefins Directly from Anilines and Nitroarenes
Authors: Melchior de Oliveira Leão Luiz Paulo , de Oliveira Valdeir Carlos , Henrique Duarte Chorro Tomaz , Aleksandrovich Gorbatov Sergei , Roque Duarte Correia Carlos
Published: February 2025

A highly improved second generation of the one‐pot enantioselective Heck‐Matsuda reaction directly from anilines and nitroarenes is reported. This practical arylation method, featuring 56 examples, relies on the in situ diazotization of anilines and 3‐aminothiophenes, or from the in situ reduction‐diazotization of nitrobenzene derivatives. The in situ diazotization of the aniline, directly or from the in‐situ reduction of the nitroarene, synchronizes smoothly with the enantioselective Heck‐Matsuda reaction under mildly acidic conditions, bypassing the synthesis and handling of some unstable and/or difficult‐to‐prepare arenediazonium salts. The protocol was applied to the desymmetrization of unactivated olefins leading to the synthesis of functionalized spirocyclopentenyl hydantoins, aryl cyclopentenes, and β‐aryl‐γ‐lactones, in high yields (up to 99%) and er (up to 99:1). The efficiency of the method is showcased by the formal total synthesis of the bioactive compound VPC01091, a potential drug candidate for multiple sclerosis treatment at the gram scale in excellent yield (94%), in 97:3 er and 20>1 dr.
Scalable All‐Vacuum‐Processed Perovskite Solar Cells Enabled by Low Energy‐Disorder Hole‐Transport Layer
Authors: Choi Yunseong , Ma Hayoung , Jung Seungon , Jang Yunjeong , Kim Yujin , Kim Jiha , Jeong Mingyu , Lee Seunglok , Yang Sangjin , Hong Keun Kee , Lu Jianfeng , Yang Changduk , Park Hyesung
Published: February 2025

As perovskite solar cells (PSCs) require higher standards for commercial applications, all vacuum‐processed PSCs should become a key in future manufacturing processes of scalable PSCs compared to their currently dominating research types based on solution processes. In fact, vacuum deposition of high‐quality organic hole‐transport layers (HTLs) is crucial for successful fabrication of all vacuum‐processed scalable PSCs. Here, the study develops a triarylamine‐based single oligomer (TAA‐tetramer)−a miniaturized‐molecular form of the well‐known poly(triarylamine) (PTAA)−as a vacuum‐processable HTL in inverted PSCs. The well‐defined structure and monodisperse nature of the TAA‐tetramer render strong intermolecular π−π interactions and/or molecular ordering, resulting in simultaneously enhanced quasi‐Fermi level splitting and hole‐transport efficiency of the perovskite. The resulting all‐vacuum‐processed inverted PSCs exhibits a high power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 23.2%, which is record‐high performance reported among all‐vacuum‐processed PSCs, with exceptional device stabilities. Furthermore, the all‐vacuum‐deposition process allows the fabrication of efficient PSCs and modules with reliable scalability and minimized efficiency loss during scale‐up. Notably, the proposed HTL enabled high‐efficiency large‐area (25 cm2) single‐PSC with a PCE of 12.3%, representing one of the largest active areas and the highest performance ever reported for the large‐area device. A promising strategy for developing efficient, stable, and scalable PSCs for all‐vacuum processes is presented.
D‐HAT: A Diatom‐Inspired Structure for a Helmet Concept Against Trauma
Authors: Musenich Ludovico , Strozzi Lorenzo , Avalle Massimiliano , Libonati Flavia
Published: February 2025

Helmets are critical for minimizing the risk of traumatic brain injuries in road accidents and sports. Traditional designs feature a rigid outer shell and a deformable inner liner of foam for energy absorption. Recent advancements have introduced architected materials as alternatives to conventional foams, offering improved safety and multifunctionality. Herein, a diatom‐inspired architected material optimized for energy absorption in helmet liners is proposed and designed for a new concept of multifunctional helmets. The material is modeled using CAD tools, its performance is evaluated through finite element analysis and quasistatic compression tests on 3D‐printed elastomeric samples, and parametric optimization is applied. The results demonstrate energy absorption comparable to conventional materials, laying the groundwork for future studies on fluid‐dynamic behavior and multifunctional helmet designs.
A Hybrid Transfer Learning Framework for Brain Tumor Diagnosis
Authors: Tonni Sadia Islam , Sheakh Md. Alif , Tahosin Mst. Sazia , Hasan Md. Zahid , Shuva Taslima Ferdaus , Bhuiyan Touhid , Almoyad Muhammad Ali Abdullah , Orka Nabil Anan , Rahman Md. Tanvir , Khan Risala Tasin , Kaiser M. Shamim , Moni Mohammad Ali
Published: February 2025

Brain tumors are among the most severe health challenges, necessitating early and precise diagnosis for effective treatment planning. This study introduces an optimized hybrid transfer learning (TL) framework for brain tumor classification using magnetic resonance imaging images. The proposed system integrates advanced preprocessing techniques, an ensemble of pretrained deep learning models, and explainable artificial intelligence (XAI) methods to achieve high accuracy and reliability. The methodology enhances image quality through noise reduction and contrast enhancement, facilitating robust feature extraction. The ensemble model combines VGG16 and ResNet152V2 architectures, achieving a classification accuracy of 99.47% on a challenging four‐class dataset. Additionally, gradient‐weighted class activation mapping and SHapley Additive exPlanations (SHAP)‐based XAI techniques provide visual and quantitative insights into model predictions, improving interpretability and clinical trust. This comprehensive framework demonstrates the potential of hybrid TL and XAI in advancing diagnostic accuracy and supporting clinical decision‐making for brain tumor detection. The results underscore its applicability in clinical settings, particularly in resource‐constrained environments.
Accelerated Multiobjective Calibration of Fused Deposition Modeling 3D Printers Using Multitask Bayesian Optimization and Computer Vision
Authors: Ganitano Graig S. , Maruyama Benji , Peterson Gilbert L.
Published: February 2025

Proper process parameter calibration is critical to the success of fused deposition modeling (FDM) three‐dimensional (3D) printing, but is time‐consuming and requires expertise. While existing systems for autonomous calibration have demonstrated success in calibrating for a single objective, users may need to balance multiple conflicting objectives. Herein, an easily deployable, camera‐based system for autonomous calibration of FDM printers that optimizes for both part quality and completion time is presented. Autonomous calibration is achieved through a novel, multifaceted computer vision characterization and a multitask learning extension to Bayesian optimization. The system is demonstrated on four popular filament types using two distinct 3D printers. The results show that the system significantly outperforms manufacturer calibration across the machine and material configurations, achieving an average improvement of 32.2% in quality and a 31.2% decrease in completion time with respect to a popular benchmark.
Electropneumatic Oscillators Using Nonlinear Inflatables
Authors: De Smet Elias , Migliorini Lorenzo , Milana Edoardo , Milani Paolo , Gorissen Benjamin
Published: February 2025

Animals and robots employ central pattern generators, networks that invoke rhythmic patterns from constant inputs, to orchestrate limb movements during locomotion. Artificial central pattern generators (CPGs) can be either implemented in software or constructed in a physical domain. The former lacks embodiment, inhibiting direct interactions with the physical world. The latter is restricted by a complex translation of abstract functions to the physical domain, e.g., negative feedback, if‐then behavior, etc. Here, self‐oscillators, a rudimentary type of central pattern generators, that find ground in both the pneumatic and electrical domains are demonstrated. First, the hysteretic behavior of previously developed conical membranes is analyzed in deformation space. This state‐space behavior is then transformed to the electrical domain by means of a stretchable strain sensor. Next, an analog comparator distinguishes between the two states and instructs a pneumatic solenoid valve to counteract the current state. As a result, a stable oscillation emerges, with a frequency that is dominated by the physical characteristic of the pneumatic circuit. As such, the proposed electropneumatic oscillator provides a promising platform for building complex CPGs that control interactive neuromorphic robots.
Multicluster Distributed Optimization Strategy for Turbine Wake Environment
Authors: Yu Zhenping , Zhou Xinmeng , Huang Yedong , Zhou Kunyu , Cui Guangming , Qu Juntian
Published: February 2025

As a crucial component of modern energy systems, wind energy plays a significant role in energy transition. In traditional wind power systems, mutual interference between wind turbines leads to wake effect, adversely impacts the power generation efficiency of wind farms. Herein, a multicluster distributed optimization strategy based on wake‐DBSCAN, specifically designed for environments affected by wake interference is proposed. First, clustering analysis on the wind turbine layout and wind conditions to establish a foundation for efficient distributed computation is performed. Based on the clustering results, wake analysis is conducted to plan and optimize the operational strategy for each wind turbine cluster, resulting in a distributed optimization strategy for their operation. Additionally, simulation experiments are conducted on micrositing and time‐varying wind conditions using real‐world data from a wind farm in the Arua region. The experimental results demonstrate that the proposed algorithm can effectively improve the computational efficiency of wake optimization, while ensuring the effect of the wake optimization algorithm in actual wind farms as much as possible, which is more in line with the wake optimization needs of actual wind farms. The algorithm proposed in this article provides valuable insights into wind turbine operation and maintenance under time‐varying conditions.
Why Didn't the Sifaka Cross the Road? Divergence of Propithecus edwardsi Gut Microbiomes Across Geographic Barriers in Ranomafana National Park, Madagascar
Authors: Donohue Mariah E. , Lamb Alicia , Asangba Abigail E. , Noromalala Eliette , Weisenbeck David R. , Stumpf Rebecca M. , Wright Patricia C.
Published: February 2025

This study uses a biogeographic framework to identify patterns of gut microbiome divergence in an endangered lemur species endemic to Madagascar's southeastern rainforests, the Milne‐Edwards's sifaka (Propithecus edwardsi). Specifically, we tested the effects of (1) geographic barriers, (2) habitat disturbance, and (3) geographic distance on gut microbiome alpha and beta diversity. We selected 10 social groups from 4 sites in Ranomafana National Park with varied histories of selective logging. Sites were spaced between 4 and 17 km apart falling on either side of two parallel barriers to animal movement: the Namorona River and the RN25 highway. Using 16S rRNA metabarcoding, we found the greatest beta diversity differentiation to occur between social groups, with significant divisions on opposite sides of geographic barriers (road/river). Habitat disturbance had the most significant effect on alpha diversity, though, contrary to many other studies, disturbance was associated with higher microbial species richness. Without biomedical context, it is unclear whether microbiome differences observed herein are neutral, adaptive, or maladaptive. However, microbiome divergence associated with the road/river may be a symptom of reduced host gene flow, warranting further investigation and perhaps conservation action (e.g., construction of wildlife bridges). Finally, this work demonstrates that significant microbiome variation can accrue over small sampling areas, lending new insight into host‐microbe‐environmental interactions.
The miR‐6779/XIAP axis alleviates IL‐1β‐induced chondrocyte senescence and extracellular matrix loss in osteoarthritis
Authors: Li Zongchao , Dai Aonan , Fang Xiaoxiang , Tang Kexing , Chen Kun , Gao Peng , Su Jingyue , Chen Xin , Yang Shengwu , Deng Zhenhan , Li Liangjun
Published: February 2025

Background

Osteoarthritis (OA) is a long‐term degenerative joint disease worsening over time. Aging and chondrocyte senescence contribute to OA progression. MicroRNAs have been confirmed to regulate different cellular processes. They contribute to OA pathology and may help to identify novel biomarkers and therapies for OA.

Methods

This study used bioinformatics and experimental investigations to analyze and validate differentially expressed miRNAs in OA that might affect chondrocyte apoptosis and senescence.

Results

miR‐6779 was found to be significantly down‐regulated in OA. Seventy‐six of the predicted and miR‐6779 targeted genes and the OA‐associated disease genes overlapped, and these were enriched in cell proliferation, cell apoptosis, and cell cycle. miR‐6779 overexpression remarkably attenuated IL‐1β effects on chondrocytes by reducing MMP3 and MMP13 levels, promoting cell apoptosis, suppressing cell senescence, and increasing caspase‐3, caspase‐9 and reducing P16 and P21 levels. miR‐6779 targeted inhibition of X‐linked inhibitor of apoptosis protein (XIAP) expression. XIAP knockdown partially improved IL‐1β‐induced chondrocyte senescence and dysfunction. Lastly, when co‐transfected with a miR‐6779 agomir, the XIAP overexpression vector partially attenuated the effects of miR‐6779 overexpression on chondrocytes; miR‐6779 improved IL‐1β‐induced senescence and dysfunction in chondrocytes through targeting XIAP.

Conclusion

miR‐6779 is down‐regulated, and XIAP is up‐regulated in OA cartilage and IL‐1β‐treated chondrocytes. miR‐6779 inhibits XIAP expression, thereby promoting senescent chondrocyte cell apoptosis and reducing chondrocyte senescence and ECM loss through XIAP.
Diplatinum Single‐Molecular Photocatalyst Capable of Driving Hydrogen Production from Water via Singlet‐to‐Triplet Transitions
Authors: Kunikubo Toma , Castañeda Raúl , Murugesu Muralee , Brusso Jaclyn L. , Yamauchi Kosei , Ozawa Hironobu , Sakai Ken
Published: February 2025

Solar‐driven hydrogen production is regarded as one of the most ideal methods to achieve a sustainable society. In order to artificially establish efficient photosynthetic systems, efforts have been made to develop single‐molecular photocatalysts capable of serving both as a photosensitizer (PS) and a catalyst (Cat) in hydrogen evolution reaction (HER). Although examples of such hybrid molecular photocatalysts have been demonstrated in the literature, their solar energy conversion efficiencies still remain quite limited. Here we demonstrate that a new dinuclear platinum(II) complex Pt2(bpia)Cl3 (bpia=bis(2‐pyridylimidoyl)amido) serves as a single‐molecular photocatalyst for HER with its performance significantly higher than that of the PtCl(tpy)‐ and PtCl2(bpy)‐type photocatalysts developed in our group (tpy=2,2':6′,2''‐terpyridine, bpy=2,2′‐bipyridine). The outstanding feature is that Pt2(bpia)Cl3 can produce H2 even by irradiating the lower‐energy light above 500 nm, which is rationalized due to the direct population of triplet states via singlet‐to‐triplet transitions (i.e., S‐T transitions) accelerated by the diplatinum core. To the best of our knowledge, Pt2(bpia)Cl3 is the first example of a single‐molecular photocatalyst enabling hydrogen production from water via the S‐T transitions using lower‐energy light (>580 nm).
Total Synthesis of Discobahamin A and Putative Structure of Discobahamin B via an Isocyanide‐based Macrocyclization Reaction
Authors: Yang Baochao , Wang Qian , Zhu Jieping
Published: February 2025

We report in this paper the first total synthesis of discobahamin A, a 24‐membered macrocyclopeptide containing an α‐keto amide functional group. We assign the absolute configuration of 2‐hydroxy‐3‐methylpentanoic acid (Hmp), the side chain capping the N‐terminus of the macrocycle, as the (2S, 3S) stereoisomer. A novel macrocyclization strategy was developed, utilizing an intramolecular Passerini reaction between ω‐isocyano aldehyde and acetic acid. Notably, this macrocyclization proceeds via C(sp3)‐C(sp2) bond formation and de novo generation of an α‐keto amide functional group. Furthermore, we synthesized both the proposed structure of discobahamin B and its diastereomer. However, the spectroscopic data for these two compounds do not fully align with those reported for discobahamin B.
Eine authentische Al=Si‐Doppelbindung
Authors: Parvin Nasrina , Ankur  , Morgenstern Bernd , Scheschkewitz David
Published: February 2025

Aluminatasilene sind die schwer zu fassenden schwereren Gegenstücke der bekannten Borataalkene, bei denen die B=C‐Doppelbindung formal durch eine Al=Si‐Einheit ersetzt ist. Wir berichten über die Isolierung eines viergliedrigen anionischen AlSi3‐Rings mit einer echten Al=Si‐Doppelbindung, der durch die Reaktion von 2 Äquivalenten des Disilenids Tip2Si=SiTipLi mit H2AlCl (Tip=2,4,6‐Triisopropylphenyl) erhalten wird. Röntgenkristallographie, UV/Vis‐Spektroskopie und rechnerische Analysen bestätigen den Doppelbindungscharakter mit einer sehr kurzen Al−Si‐Bindung von 2.283(1) Å und einem hohen Wiberg‐Bindungsindex (WBI) von 1.31. Die intramolekulare C−H‐Aktivierung durch die Al=Si‐Bindung und die Reaktionen mit Schwefelquellen bestätigen eine typische Doppelbindungsreaktivität.
Regulating the Spatially Folded Arrangement of Donor and Acceptor Units To Achieve Efficient Orange‐Red Thermally Activated Delayed Fluorescence
Authors: Li Maoqiu , Hua Lei , Zhao Jinyang , Liu Yuchao , Yan Shouke , Ren Zhongjie
Published: February 2025

Achieving efficient long‐wavelength organic light‐emitting diodes (OLEDs) remains a challenge due to the energy gap law, which leads to increased non‐radiative decay rates as the emission wavelength shifts to longer regions. Herein, a strategy of constructing folded three‐dimensional architectures is proposed to explore new orange‐red thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) emitters with through‐space charge transfer characteristics. Innovatively, naphthalene is selected as a bridge to connect O‐bridged triphenylamine donor and planar dibenzo[a,c]phenazine acceptor respectively via simple Suzuki–Miyaura Coupling. In this way, a series of rigid orange‐red emitters with “U”‐shaped, folded “Z”‐shaped and “W”‐shaped configurations are elaborately constructed by modifying end groups, adjusting the numbers of naphthalene and donor, and regulating the linkage sites. The excited state natures and photophysical properties of the emitters can be effectively regulated and optimized by changing three‐dimensional architectures. Finally, the prepared emitter QX36 achieves a lower non‐radiative transition rate, a higher radiative rate and a higher photoluminescence quantum efficiency. Solution‐processed OLEDs based QX36 present the excellent electroluminescent performance with a maximum external quantum efficiency (EQE) of up to 32.3 % and EQE of 20.6 % at 1000 cd m−2, which are the leading values of solution‐processed orange‐red OLEDs. This work demonstrates the promising potential of folded TADF based naphthalene backbone as emitters for future efficient solution‐processed long‐wavelength OLEDs.
Self‐optimizing Cobalt Tungsten Oxide Electrocatalysts toward Enhanced Oxygen Evolution in Alkaline Media
Authors: Nickel Christean , Troglauer David Leander , Dallos Zsolt , Abid Dhouha , Sowa Kevin , Cichocka Magdalena Ola , Kolb Ute , Mashtakov Boris , Mohazzab Bahareh Feizi , Han Shikang , Prädel Leon , Ci Lijie , Li Deping , Lin Xiaohang , Hua Minghao , Liu Rongji , Gao Dandan
Published: February 2025

Self‐optimizing mixed metal oxides represent a novel class of electrocatalysts for the advanced oxygen evolution reaction (OER). Here, we report self‐assembled cobalt tungsten oxide nanostructures on a lab‐synthesized copper oxide substrate through a single‐step deposition approach. The resulting composite exhibits remarkable self‐optimization behavior, shown by significantly reduced overpotentials and enhanced current densities, accompanied with substantial increase in OER kinetics, electrocatalytically active surface area, surface wettability, and electrical conductivity. Under operating conditions, interfacial restructuring of the electrocatalyst reveals the in situ formation of oxidized cobalt species as the true active site. Complementary density functional theory (DFT) calculations further demonstrate the formation of *OOH intermediate as the rate‐determining step of OER, and highlight the adaptive binding of oxygen intermediates, which transitions from tungsten to cobalt site during OER process. Our study provides a fundamental understanding of the self‐optimization mechanism and advances the knowledge‐driven design of efficient water‐splitting electrocatalysts.
Enhanced Interfacial Electric Field of an S‐Scheme Heterojunction by an Ultrasonication‐Triggered Piezoelectric Effect for Sonocatalytic Therapy of Bacterial Infections
Authors: Wei Junwu , Zhang Guiyuan , Xie Shuang , Zhang Zhanlin , Gao Tianyu , Zhang Mengxue , Li Xiaohong
Published: February 2025

Sonodynamic therapy indicates advantages in combating antibiotics‐resistant bacteria and deep tissue infections, but challenges remain in the less efficient charge transfer and reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation of sonosensitizers. Herein, an effective bactericidal strategy is developed through enhancing the interfacial electric field (IEF) of S‐scheme heterojunctions by an ultrasonication‐triggered piezoelectric effect. Hollow barium titanate (hBT) nanoparticles (NPs) were prepared through template etching, followed by in situ assembly of tetrakis (4‐carboxyphenyl)porphyrin (TCPP) with Zn2+ to obtain hBT@ZnTCPP. Both experimental and theoretical evidences support the notion that an IEF is generared from ZnTCPP to hBT. Compared to metalloporphyrins with Fe3+, Mn3+, Cu2+ and Ni2+, the stronger reduction of ZnTCPP induced by elevation of the orbital energy level of porphyrins after Zn2+ coordination leads to formation of S‐scheme heterojunctions. The ultrasonication‐activated polarization field enhances IEF and boosts energy band bending of hBT@ZnTCPP to promote electron‐hole separations and ROS generations. Planktonic methicillin‐resistant Staphylococcus aureus and their derived biofilms are completely destroyed within 5 min under ultrasonication through up‐regulating genes of glucose catabolism and ion transportation and down‐regulating genes of ribosomal synthesis and transmembrane transporter. Thus, this study demonstrates molecular‐level modulation of energy levels for S‐scheme heterojunction formation to achieve efficient sonocatalytic therapy of bacterial infections.
Activating Organic Electrode for Zinc Batteries via Adjusting Solvation Structure of Zn Ions
Authors: Yu Xiaomeng , Zhou Kang , Liu Chang , Li Junjie , Ma Jing , Yan Lei , Guo Ziyang , Wang Yonggang
Published: February 2025

Zinc‐organic batteries, combining the low cost and high capacity of Zn anodes with the tunable and sustainable properties of organic cathodes, have garnered significant attention. Herein, we present a zinc‐organic battery featuring a poly(benzoquinonyl sulfide) (PBQS) cathode, a Zn anode, and an N,N‐dimethylformamide (DMF)‐based electrolyte, which delivers a high capacity (200 mAh g−1), excellent rate capability, and an ultra‐long cycle life (10,000 cycles) when tested with a low PBQS loading (2 mg cm−2). The charge storage mechanism in the PBQS cathode involves solvated Zn2+ adsorption and consequent Zn2+ coordination with PBQS companied by de‐solvation process, as confirmed by in situ FT‐IR analysis. However, sluggish Zn2+ de‐solvation leads to a loss of Zn2+ coordination capacity when tested with higher PBQS loading (8 mg cm−2) even at a low current density of 0.2 A g−1. Remarkably, the addition of 2 % H2O to the DMF electrolyte incorporates 0.24 H2O into the primary solvation sheath of Zn2+, significantly facilitating the de‐solvation process. As a result, the PBQS cathode (8 mg cm−2) retains its Zn2+ storage capacity when using the modified electrolyte. This approach offers a new strategy for improving the rate performance of organic electrodes, complementing existing conductivity enhancements.
Sulfonated Poly (Ether Ether Ketone)‐Filled Nanofiber‐Based Composite Proton Exchange Membranes for Direct Methanol Fuel Cells
Authors: Huang Chun‐Chun
Published: February 2025

Proton exchange membranes (PEMs) with high proton conductivity, good methanol barrier ability, and reliable mechanical stability are crucial for their practical application in direct methanol fuel cells (DMFCs). Preparation of nanofiber‐based composite PEMs is a facile and effective way to balance the trade‐off between proton conductivity and mechanical stability of sulfonated poly (ether ether ketone) (SPEEK). Herein, surface amino functionalized silica coated polyvinylidene fluoride (N‐SiO2@PVDF) electrospun nanofibers were prepared and used as a mechanical support for SPEEK. The obtained SPEEK‐filled N‐SiO2@PVDF composite membrane showed a high mechanical strength (27.3 MPa) and good toughness with the aid of the reinforcement effect of nanofibers together with the ionic crosslinking between surface grafted NH2 and the filling polymer SPEEK. Moreover, the composite membrane demonstrated considerable conductivities especially at 80°C (46.1 mS cm−1), which was very close to that of SPEEK (53.5 mS cm−1). Thanks to its low methanol crossover and high proton conductivity, the single DMFC assembled with SPEEK‐N‐SiO2@PVDF output higher open circuit voltage of 0.78 V and power density of 70.5 mW cm−2, which were far beyond those of SPEEK (0.66 V and 42.5 mW cm−2).
Bioelectronics with Topological Crosslinked Networks for Tactile Perception
Authors: Ding Mingqi , Xie Pengshan , Ho Johnny C.
Published: February 2025

Bioelectronics, which integrate biological systems with electronic components, have attracted significant attention in developing biomimetic materials and advanced hardware architectures to enable novel information‐processing systems, sensors, and actuators. However, the rigidity of conjugated molecular systems and the lack of reconfigurability in static crosslinked structures pose significant challenges for flexible sensing applications. Topological crosslinked networks (TCNs) featuring dynamic molecular interactions offer enhanced molecular flexibility and environmentally induced reconfigurability, decoupling the competition between performances. Here, recent advances are summarized in assembly methods of bioelectronics with different TCNs and elaborate ion/electron‐transport mechanisms from the perspective of molecular interactions. Decoupling effects can be achieved by comparing distinct TCNs and their respective properties, and an outlook is provided on a new range of neuromorphic hardware with biocompatibility, self‐healing, self‐powered, and multimodal‐sensing capabilities. The development of TCN‐based bioelectronics can significantly impact the fields of artificial neuromorphic perception devices, networks, and systems.
Intricacies of Carbon Dot Photoluminescence for Emerging Applications: A Review
Authors: Nandi Nilanjana , Sarkar Priyanka , Barnwal Neha , Sahu Kalyanasis
Published: February 2025

Discovered only in 2004, carbon dots (CDs) have already traversed a long journey, generating many promising research directions. Its cheapness, ease of synthesis, high water‐solubility, tunable emission, and excellent biocompatibility make it a single‐point solution to many problems, and tremendous efforts were invested into understanding the structure‐property‐function relationship, which eases the engineering of the CD properties suitable for a desired application. From the usual random choice of precursors or carbon materials as a starting point in the early days, more systematic approaches are now available for choosing proper starting materials and appropriate experimental conditions (solvent medium, reaction temperature, reaction duration, pH, etc) to customize its photoluminescence. The presence of impurities has a crucial role in the outcome and applicability of photoluminescence. Recently, a significant focus has been on the long‐wavelength emissive CDs, particularly in the red to near‐infrared (NIR) regions, for better penetration into live cells and to circumvent autofluorescence problems. Proper design can harvest phosphorescence from CDs. Many excellent reviews are available, focusing on different facets of CD prospects. Hence, we will only highlight the importance of the optical properties of CDs and ways to modulate them. We will mention some of the new works that have appeared in the last five years.
MXenes: Are They Ready for Direct Air Capture of CO2?
Authors: Bhowmik Konok Chandra , Rahman Md. Arafat , Ahmed Yunus , Hai Tasmia Binte
Published: February 2025

Although Direct Air Capture (DAC) of CO2 is a potential technology for climate change mitigation, the cost, scalability, and efficiency of existing materials and techniques are severely limited. MXenes, a type of two‐dimensional materials, have drawn interest due to their remarkable conductivity, enormous surface area, and adjustable chemistry, however, their potential for DAC has not yet been thoroughly investigated. Recent developments in MXene synthesis and functionalization are comprehensively reviewed, with an emphasis on how these characteristics might be used to enhance improve CO2 adsorption and capture efficiency. In addition, the difficulties of stability, scalability, and economic feasibility for real‐world applications are evaluated. Our findings demonstrate the great potential of MXenes for DAC and offer fresh perspectives on how their special qualities might overcome current constraints. This study presents a new viewpoint on MXenes as a feasible CO2 capture option, indicating new avenues for future research and development, even though further optimization is required.
Reliability Analysis of Load‐Sharing Systems Using a Flexible Model With Piecewise Linear Functions
Authors: Biswas Shilpi , Ganguly Ayon , Mitra Debanjan
Published: February 2025

A flexible model for analysing load‐sharing data is developed by approximating the cumulative hazard functions of component lifetimes by piecewise linear functions. The proposed model is data‐driven and does not depend on restrictive parametric assumptions on underlying component lifetimes. Maximum likelihood estimation and construction of confidence intervals for model parameters are discussed. Estimates of reliability characteristics such as reliability at a mission time, quantile function, mean time to failure and mean residual time for load‐sharing systems are developed in this setting. As the proposed model is capable of providing a good fit for load‐sharing data, it also results in a better estimation of these important reliability characteristics. The performance of the proposed model is observed to be quite satisfactory through a detailed Monte Carlo simulation study. The analyses of two load‐sharing datasets, one pertaining to the lives of two‐motor load‐sharing systems and another related to basketball games, are provided as illustrative examples. In summary, this article presents a comprehensive discussion on a flexible model that can be used for load‐sharing systems efficiently.
Synergy in Commercial Brass Reinforced Carbon Hybrids Interlayer towards Highly Reversible Zn Anodes
Authors: Rui Kun , Chen Ke , Chen Yakai , Si Wenhao , Liu Jiliang , Yan Yan , Lin Huijuan , Zhao Cong , Zhu Jixin
Published: February 2025

Aqueous Zn‐ion batteries (AZIBs) have served as a promising candidate for next‐generation energy storage applications. Nonetheless, interfacial issues concerning the metallic Zn anode including hydrogen evolution reaction (HER), chemical corrosion, and dendrite growth remain to be carefully addressed. Herein, we present a facile and cost‐effective strategy to implant carbon nanotube (CNT) framework with a commercial brass alloy as the protective interlayer. The conductive network constructed by interconnected CNTs ensures an optimal electric field distribution over the entire electrode surface. The embedded brass alloy not only inhibits the aggregation of CNTs, but also mitigates surface corrosion through its abundance of chemically inert Cu sites. Leveraging the synergy within the carbon hybrids featuring high Zn‐affinity and abundant nucleation sites for Zn2+, lowered energy barriers and promoted redox kinetics for Zn deposition enable highly stabilized and reversible Zn anodes. As a result, symmetric cells demonstrate extended cycling lifespan of 3000 h and 1200 h at 2 mA cm−2 and 5 mA cm−2 for 1 mAh cm−2, respectively. Furthermore, the optimized Zn||MnO2 full cells exhibit impressive cycling stability for 1000 cycles at 2 A g−1.
How to clean a catheter: Development of an intervention for intermittent catheter reuse
Authors: Wilks Sandra , Macaulay Margaret , Prieto Jacqui , Avery Miriam , Bryant Catherine , Delgado Debbie , Murphy Cathy , Morris Nicola , Fader Mandy
Published: February 2025

Background and Objectives

Much intermittent catheterisation (IC) is carried out using single‐use catheters. Waste and costs could be reduced by cleaning and reusing catheters, but is it safe to do so? To answer these questions of safety and sustainability, clinical trials are needed. In this study, we developed a user‐tested catheter cleaning method and training materials for use in a clinical trial.

Methods

Focus groups selected candidate cleaning methods and developed draft instructions. Users then home tested these methods on uncoated, plastic‐based catheters, which were cleaned and reused up to 28 times. Reused and cleaned catheters were analysed using advanced microbiological analysis methods. The refined cleaning method was further tested by a naïve user panel. Additionally, a silicone catheter designed for reuse was tested in the laboratory and for user acceptability. User panel feedback was gathered throughout testing and thematically analysed.

Results

Twenty‐six IC users were recruited to three user panels. Focus groups identified soap and water (SW) and soap and water plus a 15‐minute soak in a chlorine‐based cleaning solution (SW‐Cl) as the preferred cleaning methods. User testing (≤3 reuses) and laboratory analysis showed SW alone to be less effective than SW‐Cl: bacteria were detected in 23/120 (19%) male and 56/108 (52%) female SW samples versus 16/228 (7%) and 16/201 (8%) for SW‐Cl. Bacteria were detected in only 1/240 (<0.5%) of catheter samples after 8–≥28 reuses with the SW‐Cl method. Naïve user panel results were similar. The silicone catheter was acceptable to users and had comparable laboratory results using SW‐Cl. User panel feedback informed refinement and simplification of the SW‐Cl cleaning method and instructions.

Conclusion

A chlorine‐based method for cleaning catheters, which effectively removed bacteria from catheters reused multiple times, has been developed, tested and refined by users, and captured in an instruction booklet and video for inclusion in a clinical trial.
Trends in the Incidence and Survival Outcomes in Patients With Small Cell Lung Cancer in the United States: An Analysis of the SEER Database
Authors: Uprety Dipesh , Seaton Randell , Niroula Abesh , Hadid Tarik , Parikh Kaushal , Ruterbusch Julie J.
Published: February 2025

Background

There has been a lack of updated epidemiological data on the incidence and survival outcomes for patients with small cell lung cancer (SCLC) in the United States over the last two decades.

Methods

A retrospective, population‐based study was conducted utilizing the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) program to identify patients with SCLC from 2000 to 2020. Trends in cancer incidence, incidence‐based mortality rates, 1‐year relative survival rates and 1‐year observed survival were evaluated utilizing the SEER database.

Results

The database identified a total of 188,426 SCLC patients during the study period from 2000 through 2020. The age‐adjusted incidence rate slowly declined, on average, by 3% (95% CI: −3.2% to −2.8%) each year from 9 per 100,000 in 2000 to 4.6 per 100,000 in 2020. The decline is evident for all age groups, sexes, and races. Incidence‐based mortality also declined slowly from 6.6 in 2005 to 3.5 in 2020. However, survival outcomes, including 1‐year relative survival and 1‐year observed survivals, have not improved significantly over the last two decades.

Conclusion

This study found that the incidence of SCLC has decreased from 2000 to 2020, likely due to a reduction in smoking rates, underscoring the importance of smoking abstinence. An improvement in incidence‐based mortality is likely related to an enhanced medical care and a decrease in the incidence of SCLC, but the lack of improvement in survival outcomes reflects the need for more effective systemic therapy.
Body Weight and Breast Cancer Treatment Experiences: Results From the Share Thoughts on a Breast Cancer Study
Authors: Nash Sarah H. , Verhage Elizabeth , McDowell Bradley D. , Neuner Joan , Chrischilles Elizabeth , Lizarraga Ingrid M. , Schroeder Mary
Published: February 2025

Purpose

Differences in breast cancer recurrence and survival occur by body size; the role of treatment differences in these disparities has been underexplored. Our objective was to evaluate differences in treatments received, patient experiences of care, and treatment decision‐making processes among breast cancer survivors by body size.

Methods

We used data from the Share Thoughts on Breast Cancer study. Participants (n = 1198) completed a survey that included information on demographics, treatments received, quality of care, and decision‐making. We used descriptive statistics to evaluate differences in survey response by BMI category, and multivariable‐adjusted multinomial and logistic regression to examine associations of BMI with treatments received.

Results

Those with higher BMI were more likely to be older, report fair/poor health, not have a college‐level education, be non‐white, not be insured, have an income under $50,000, be unemployed, and report a history of several chronic diseases. Although there were unadjusted associations, after adjustment, women with obesity were not significantly less likely to receive mastectomy [OR 0.79 (0.50, 1.26) and OR 0.66 (0.38, 1.16), for BMI 30–35 and 35+ kg/m2 respectively] or contralateral prophylactic mastectomy [OR 0.92 (0.59, 1.44) and OR 0.80 (0.46, 1.39)] than those without obesity. Similarly, we found no association of BMI with reconstructive surgery [OR 0.97 (0.58, 1.60) and OR 0.58 (0.30, 1.11)] after adjustment. Women with obesity were less likely to report that their breast cancer care was excellent or very good (p = 0.026).

Conclusions

We observed no differences in breast cancer treatments received by BMI after adjustment for key covariates in this study sample. Further research is necessary to determine why quality of care may be perceived as lower among women with obesity.
Retrospective Study of Genetic Testing Results Reveals Pathogenic Variants Beyond BRCA1/2 in Hereditary Breast and Ovarian Cancer Cases in New Brunswick: Implications for Future Care
Authors: Gauvin Kelly , Allain Véronique , Bouhamdani Nadia , Williams Chloe , Saheb Yanis , Savoie Catherine , Macrae Lynn , Hodson Katherine , Zhu Yun Amber , Allain Eric , Amor Mouna Ben
Published: February 2025

Background

In Canada, founder variants in breast cancer susceptibility genes have been identified in populations residing in Québec and Newfoundland, thus demonstrating the value in characterizing the genetic profile of local populations for better clinical management. New Brunswick has a diverse, yet genetically unexplored population that includes founder Irish and Acadian ancestry, among others, and we hypothesized that this population could demonstrate potential enrichments for variants in breast cancer genes.

Methods

Health records were retrospectively analyzed for 445 cases referred to the genetics clinic in Moncton, New Brunswick, their molecular results were summarized and compared to allele frequencies from similar studies in Canada.

Results

No ethnic or age‐related correlation for specific variants could be identified. However, BRCA1/2 variant frequency was lower than expected in the study group and variants in other susceptibility genes such as ATM and CHEK2 were higher when compared to similar studies.

Perspectives

This study demonstrates a distinct profile in hereditary breast cancer genetics in a previously uncharacterized population, thus adding to existing knowledge of population genetics in Atlantic Canada.
Health Economic Evaluations of Circulating Tumor DNA Testing for Cancer Screening: Systematic Review
Authors: Rui Mingjun , Wang Yingcheng , You Joyce H. S.
Published: February 2025

Background

Cancer detection remains a significant global healthcare challenge, and circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) is a biomarker for noninvasive cancer screening.

Objective

This systematic review aimed to describe health economic evaluations of ctDNA for cancer screening.

Methods

A comprehensive literature search was performed (following PRISMA guidelines) across MEDLINE, Embase, APA PsycINFO, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, and the Center for Review and Dissemination. The review included full‐scale health economic analyses such as cost–effectiveness, cost–utility, cost–benefit, and cost–consequence analyses. The quality of the included reports was assessed using CHEERS 2022 standards, and each report was categorized as excellent, very good, good, or insufficient.

Results

Eighteen studies were selected, including four ctDNA tests (EBV‐DNA, cf‐DNA, mSEPT9, and mt‐sDNA) for three types of cancer screening: nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) (2; 11.11%), breast cancer (BC) (1; 5.56%), and colorectal cancer (CRC) (15; 83.33%). Five studies (27.78%) found ctDNA cost‐effective for CRC screening (mt‐sDNA (with higher uptake than conventional tests) versus fecal immunochemical testing (FIT) or colonoscopy (n = 4); mSEPT9 versus computed tomography colonoscopy (CTC) (n = 1)). Thirteen studies (72.22%) found ctDNA not cost‐effective for NPC (EBV‐DNA versus no screening (n = 2)); BC (cf‐DNA versus conventional testing (n = 1)); CRC (mSEPT9 versus FIT or colonoscopy (n = 2)); mt‐sDNA versus FIT or colonoscopy (n = 5); mSEPT9 or mt‐sDNA versus conventional tests (n = 3)). The CHEERS assessment found all reports in the “very good” category.

Conclusion

All ctDNA tests were generally not cost‐effective comparing to conventional screening methods, except when the mt‐sDNA uptake was higher than the comparators or when mSEPT9 was compared with CTC.

Trial Registration

CRD42023477732
The Effects of Silibinin Combined With EGFR‐TKIs in the Treatment of NSCLC
Authors: Wang Xiaocen
Published: February 2025

Background

Currently, the most effective oral targeted therapies for NSCLC in clinical practice are EGFR‐TKIs. However, acquired drug resistance often leads to tumor progression and recurrence. EGFR overexpression and activation of its downstream pathways are primary contributors to both mutations in tumor cells and their development of drug resistance. Silibinin has been identified as a promising agent that can suppress EGFR signaling through multiple mechanisms. However, its poor water solubility and difficulty penetrating cell membranes result in rapid metabolism in vivo, and significantly affect its concentration in the blood.

Methods

We conducted a comprehensive search of the English PubMed database using various combinations of keywords, including “silibinin,” “epidermal growth factor receptor,” “phosphorylation,” “chemotherapy,” “nano,” and “non‐small cell lung cancer.” The results were then filtered for their relevance and impact on current treatment paradigms.

Results

This review presents a comprehensive exploration of the mechanisms underlying the EGFR autophosphorylation pathways that contribute to acquire drug resistance in. Additionally, this study delves into the potential of silibinin as a novel therapeutic agent for NSCLC, evaluating its advantages and limitations on the basis of existing research. The majority of the available data suggest that combining silibinin with first‐generation TKIs would yield promising outcomes because of additive or synergistic effects, suggesting that optimizing the time and dosage of each of these treatments is crucial for achieving the best results.

Conclusion

The existing evidence is inadequate to endorse the clinical application of nano silibinin for NSCLC treatment. Developing multifunctional nanomedicines that incorporate silibinin, EGFR‐TKIs, and other bioactive compounds is a recommended future strategy for NSCLC treatment.
Multi‐Institutional Phase II Study on the Efficacy and Safety of Dynamic Tumor‐Tracking, Moderately Hypofractionated Intensity‐Modulated Radiotherapy in Patients With Locally Advanced Pancreatic Cancer
Authors: Yoshimura Michio , Hiraoka Masahiro , Kokubo Masaki , Sakamoto Takashi , Karasawa Katsuyuki , Matsuo Yukinori , Nakamura Mitsuhiro , Mukumoto Nobutaka , Morita Satoshi , Mizowaki Takashi
Published: February 2025

Background

For delivering high radiation doses to pancreatic tumors, organ motion management is indispensable; however, studies on this are limited. We aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of dynamic tumor tracking (DTT) moderately hypofractionated intensity‐modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) in patients with locally advanced pancreatic cancer (LAPC).

Methods

Patients with histological confirmation for LAPC were included. A linac system, which was mounted with a gimbal function, was used for DTT‐IMRT. The prescribed dose was 48 Gy in 15 fractions. The primary endpoint was the 1‐year rate of freedom from locoregional progression (FFLP).

Results

DTT‐IMRT was successfully administered in 25 patients enrolled from four institutions. The median range of respiratory motion during DTT‐IMRT was 9.8 mm (range: 3.5–27.3 mm), and the median tracking accuracy was 2.6 mm (range: 0.7–5.2 mm). With a median follow‐up period of 13.9 months, the 1‐year FFLP rate was 75.3% (lower limit of one‐sided 80% confidence interval [CI]: 60.2%), which satisfied the predetermined primary endpoint. One‐year locoregional progression‐free survival, progression‐free survival, and overall survival were 56.0% (95% CI: 34.8%–72.7%), 44.0% (95% CI: 24.5%–61.9%), and 60.0% (95% CI: 38.4%–76.1%), respectively. Regarding nonhematologic toxicities, grade 3 acute gastrointestinal (GI) toxicity was observed in two patients (8%), and two patients (8%) each experienced grade 3 late GI and non‐GI toxicities. No grade 4 or 5 nonhematologic toxicities were observed.

Conclusions

DTT moderately hypofractionated IMRT shows preferable locoregional control without significant toxicity in patients with LAPC.

Trial Registration

UMIN000017521
Keep your eye on…
Authors: Knopf Alison
Published: February 2025

The need for diversity, equity, inclusion, and belonging

The FDA's labeling recommendation for higher doses for buprenorphine
Looking forward
Authors: Lichtenstein David P.
Published: February 2025

Greetings to you, readers, from me, taking over editorial duties of the CABL. Many thanks to Dr. Anne Walters for her years of professional mentorship as well as support during this transition. There are many topics I'm anticipating over the coming year of CABL publication. But, as this is my inaugural column, I thought I would start with a brief reflection on the very process of looking forward.