bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A magnetohydrodynamic mechanism for the formation of solar polar vortices
Authors: Dikpati Mausumi , Raphaldini Breno , McIntosh Scott W. , Korsos Marianna B. , Guerrero Gustavo A. , Gilman Peter A.
Published: November 2024

Polar vortices are ubiquitous features of planetary atmospheric flows, from the Earth-like rocky planets to Jupiter- and Saturn-like gas giant planets. Very little is known about their existence or dynamics on the Sun. What should be expected near the Sun’s pole for the upcoming solar multi-viewpoint and polar missions? Here, we report the magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) nonlinear simulations for the formation and evolution of solar polar vortices using a near-surface MHD shallow-water model. Our findings indicate that the rush to the poles, the migration of magnetic fields toward the pole following the Sun’s magnetic cycle, can positively contribute to the formation of polar vortices. The mechanism proposed here for the formation of polar vortices involves the role of magnetic fields and may be relevant to any star with a magnetic cycle. The Sun’s polar vortices resulting from this mechanism are predominantly MHD, consisting of a tight pair of cyclonic and anticyclonic swirls. This mechanism is likely to operate during all solar cycle phases except the peak, when the polar field reverses. Polar vortices can impact dynamical evolution of global flows and polar fields, which seed the next activity cycle, hence better knowledge of physics of polar regions may lead to improved solar cycle and space weather forecasts.
The didactic features of James Summers’s (1828–1891) research on Chinese*
Authors: Chen Wei
Published: November 2024

James Summers (1828–1891) is distinguished as the first professor of Chinese in Britain to conduct systematic
research on the Chinese language. During his tenure as a Chinese professor, Summers’s research on the Chinese language
demonstrated a pronounced didactic emphasis. This was evident in his departure from rigidly following linguistic theories, his
adoption of diverse linguistic ideas and methodologies from scholars of varied backgrounds, and his inclusion of multiple
varieties of Chinese as target languages, particularly Nanjing Mandarin. Summers’s early missionary work in China, along with his
role at King’s College London, where he trained student interpreters for the British Foreign Office, greatly shaped his
pedagogical focus. The didactic feature of his works aligns with the broader pragmatic approach of British sinology, reflecting
the trend of recruiting retired missionaries and diplomats with experience in China into European university faculties after the
mid-19th century.
Fe-Loaded Two-Dimensional Nitrogen-Doped Carbon for Electromagnetic Wave Absorption
Authors: Wen Xi , Qin Yang , Hao Yu , Chang Geng , Huang Kai , Lei Ming , Shen Xiaojun , He Yong , Pan Xuchao , Wu Yufeng
Published: November 2024

Electromagnetic wave-absorbing materials play a crucial role in modern electronics, particularly in stealth and communication technologies. Carbon-based materials demonstrate considerable potential for the development and use of effective wave-absorbing substances, attributed to their complex structure, lightweight nature, excellent corrosion resistance, and affordability. Notably, nitrogen-doped carbon-based two-dimensional (2D) materials exhibit a more pronounced depletion effect on electromagnetic waves owing to their increased specific surface area and numerous polarization states. This article presents the successful synthesis of nitrogen-doped carbon (NC) 2D flakes using a hydrothermal method. In addition, single Fe atoms were successfully incorporated onto their surfaces, forming Fe@NC. The wave-absorbing capabilities of the Fe@NC samples were considerably improved, achieving a minimum reflection loss (RLmin) of −69.22 dB at 11.48 GHz and an effective absorption bandwidth of 5.79 GHz. The enhancement in electromagnetic wave absorption is attributed to the synergistic effects of magnetic loss, relaxation processes, dipole polarization, and electrical conduction loss. The successful synthesis of Fe@NC opens up new avenues for the development of atomically dispersed wave-absorbing materials.
Fluids with power-law repulsion: Hyperuniformity and energy fluctuations
Authors: Diamant H , Oǧuz E C
Published: November 2024

We revisit the equilibrium statistical mechanics of a classical fluid of point-like particles with repulsive power-law pair interactions, focusing on density and energy fluctuations at finite temperature. Such long-range interactions, decaying with inter-particle distance r as

1

/

r
s

in d dimensions, are known to fall into two qualitatively different categories. For s < d (‘strongly’ long-range interactions) there are screening of correlations and suppression of large-wavelength density fluctuations (hyperuniformity). These effects eliminate density modes with arbitrarily large energy. For s > d (‘weakly’ long-range interactions) screening and hyperuniformity do not occur. Using scaling arguments, variational analysis, and Monte Carlo simulations, we find another qualitative distinction. For

s
⩾
d

/

2

the strong repulsion at short distances leads to enhanced small-wavelength density fluctuations, decorrelating particle positions. This prevents indefinitely negative entropy and large energy fluctuations. The distinct behaviors for

s
⩾
d

/

2

and

s
<
d

/

2

give rise to qualitatively different dependencies of the entropy, heat capacity, and energy fluctuations on temperature and density. We investigate the effect of introducing an upper cutoff distance in the pair-potential. The effect of the cutoff on energy fluctuations is strong for

s
<
d

/

2

and negligible for

s
⩾
d

/

2

.
On an abrasion-motivated fractal model
Authors: Bárány Balázs , Domokos Gábor , Szesztay Ágoston
Published: November 2024

In this paper, we consider a fractal model motivated by the abrasion of convex polyhedra, where the abrasion is realised by chipping small neighbourhoods of vertices. After providing a formal description of the successive chippings, we show that the net of edges converge to a compact limit set under mild assumptions. Furthermore, we study the upper box-counting dimension and the Hausdorff dimension of the limiting object of the net of edges after infinitely many chipping.
QCD evolution of entanglement entropy
Authors: Hentschinski Martin , Kharzeev Dmitri E , Kutak Krzysztof , Tu Zhoudunming
Published: November 2024

Entanglement entropy has emerged as a novel tool for probing nonperturbative quantum chromodynamics (QCD) phenomena, such as color confinement in protons. While recent studies have demonstrated its significant capability in describing hadron production in deep inelastic scatterings, the QCD evolution of entanglement entropy remains unexplored. In this work, we investigate the differential rapidity-dependent entanglement entropy within the proton and its connection to final-state hadrons, aiming to elucidate its QCD evolution. Our analysis reveals a strong agreement between the rapidity dependence of von Neumann entropy, obtained from QCD evolution equations, and the corresponding experimental data on hadron entropy. These findings provide compelling evidence for the emergence of a maximally entangled state, offering new insights into the nonperturbative structure of protons.
Visible-light High-contrast Imaging and Polarimetry with SCExAO/VAMPIRES
Authors: Lucas Miles , Norris Barnaby , Guyon Olivier , Bottom Michael , Deo Vincent , Vievard Sébastien , Lozi Julien , Ahn Kyohoon , Ashcraft Jaren , Currie Thayne , Doelman David , Kudo Tomoyuki , Leboulleux Lucie , Lilley Lucinda , Millar-Blanchaer Maxwell , Safonov Boris , Tuthill Peter , Uyama Taichi , Walk Aidan , Zhang Manxuan
Published: November 2024

We present significant upgrades to the Visible Aperture-Masking Polarimetric Imager/Interferometer for Resolving Exoplanetary Signatures (VAMPIRES) instrument, a visible-light (600–800 nm) high-contrast imaging polarimeter integrated within SCExAO on the Subaru telescope. Key enhancements include new qCMOS detectors, coronagraphs, polarization optics, and a multiband imaging mode, improving sensitivity, resolution, and efficiency. These upgrades position VAMPIRES as a powerful tool for studying sub-stellar companions, accreting protoplanets, circumstellar disks, stellar jets, stellar mass-loss shells, and solar system objects. The instrument achieves angular resolutions from 17 to 21 mas and Strehl ratios up to 60%, with 5σ contrast limits of 10−4 at 0.″1 to 10−6 beyond 0.″5. We demonstrate these capabilities through spectro-polarimetric coronagraphic imaging of the HD 169142 circumstellar disk, ADI+SDI imaging of the sub-stellar companion HD 1160B, narrowband Hα imaging of the R Aqr emission nebula, and spectro-polarimetric imaging of Neptune.
Be X-Ray Binaries as Progenitors of Double Neutron Stars: Evidence of Similar bi-modal Classifications
Authors: Zhou Yun-Gang , Wang De-Hua , Zhang Cheng-Min
Published: November 2024

We explore the evolutional links between Be X-ray binaries (BeXBs) and double neutron stars (DNSs) by analyzing their physical parameters and classifications. We find that both BeXBs and DNSs show positive correlation trends between the neutron star (NS) spin period–P and binary orbital period–P
orb, which may relate to the influence of binary accretion. In addition, BeXBs show a bi-modal classification divided by P ∼ 40 s/P
orb ∼ 60 days, where BeXBs with P < 40 s/P
orb < 60 days exhibit stronger accretion-induced properties, e.g., the lower average NS magnetic field strength, than those with P > 40 s/P
orb > 60 days. Similarly, DNSs exhibit a bi-modal classification divided by P
orb ∼ 1 day, where DNSs with P
orb < 1 day share the stronger accretion-induced properties, e.g., the higher average accretion rate of the recycled NSs, than those with P
orb > 1 day. The multi-parameter analysis with the new aggregated data set improves the knowledge of the bi-modal classifications of BeXBs/DNSs. In addition, we consider the influence of the common envelope phase/supernova kick of the donor star on the evolution from BeXBs to DNSs, and further discuss their compatibility with the observed bi-modal classifications of BeXBs/DNSs. Last, we propose a potential evolutional relation between the bi-modal BeXBs and DNSs.
Dissipation at limited resolutions: power law and detection of hidden dissipative scales
Authors: Yu Qiwei , Harunari Pedro E
Published: November 2024

Non-equilibrium systems, in particular, living organisms, are maintained by irreversible transformations of energy that drive diverse functions. Quantifying their irreversibility, as measured by energy dissipation, is essential for understanding the underlying mechanisms. However, existing techniques usually overlook experimental limitations, either by assuming full information or by employing a coarse-graining method that requires knowledge of the structure behind hidden degrees of freedom. Here, we study the inference of dissipation from finite-resolution measurements by employing a recently developed model-free estimator that considers both the sequence of coarse-grained transitions and the waiting time distributions:

σ
2

=

σ
2
ℓ

+

σ
2
t

. The dominant term

σ
2
ℓ

originates from the sequence of observed transitions. We find that it scales with resolution following a power law. Comparing the scaling exponent with a previous estimator highlights the importance of accounting for flux correlations at lower resolutions.

σ
2
t

comes from asymmetries in waiting time distributions. It is non-monotonic in resolution, with its peak position revealing characteristic scales of the underlying dissipative process, consistent with observations in the actomyosin cortex of starfish oocytes. Alternatively, the characteristic scale can be detected in a crossover of the scaling of

σ
2
ℓ

. This provides a novel perspective for extracting otherwise hidden characteristic dissipative scales directly from dissipation measurements. We illustrate these results in biochemical models as well as complex networks. Overall, this study highlights the significance of resolution considerations in non-equilibrium systems, providing insight into the interplay between experimental resolution, entropy production and underlying complexity.
Green Synthesis, Characterization, and Catalytic Applications of CuO Nanoparticles Using Prosopis Cineraria Seed Extract
Authors: Kalaivani P. , Mathubala G.
Published: November 2024

The current study used a seed extract of Prosopis cineraria as a stabilizing and reducing agent to produce CuO nanoparticles via an easy, low-cost, affordable, and environmentally friendly synthesis process. The formation of copper oxide nanoparticles and the maximum absorbance of the CuO nanoparticles produced in the solution at 565 nm were verified by UV-vis. Copper oxide nanoparticles were found to have secondary metabolites on their surface, as shown by a distinctive Cu-O stretching band at 532 cm−1, which confirmed the reduced Cu2+ ions in copper oxide nanoparticles. This was confirmed by FTIR analysis. The XRD analysis confirmed the produced copper oxide nanoparticles’ monoclinic crystalline nanostructure with an average particle size of 34 nm. The phytonutrients in Prosopis cineraria seed extract stabilized and reduced copper, as demonstrated by the existence of copper and oxygen atoms at 85.2% and 12.5%, respectively, as demonstrated by SEM-EDX analysis. According to the HR-TEM study, copper oxide nanoparticles with a mean size of 18 nm are spherical in shape and well distributed. Prosopis cineraria seed extract-derived copper oxide nanoparticles were utilized as a catalyst in the Ullmann process to produce diphenyl ether. CuO nanoparticles produced by Prosopis cineraria seed extraction as a catalyst yielded 91% diphenyl ether. The results showed that a more ecologically friendly way of synthesizing copper oxide nanoparticles with great homogeneity of particle sizes could be achieved using seed extract. This work aims to facilitate heterogeneous catalysis from CuO nanoparticles utilising Prosopis cineraria seed extract. Overall, this technique offers several advantages, like high yields at fast reaction times, and low catalyst loading are just a few of this approach’s many benefits.
Distance and Degree Based Topological Indices of Cog-Wheel Graph, n-Barbell Graph and Boron Kagome Lattice
Authors: Asha K , Vishu Kumar M , Srinivasa G
Published: November 2024

Let G = (V, E), be a graph with vertex and edge set, say V(G) and E(G). In chemical graphs the vertices and edges of the graphs represents atoms and chemical bond of the molecule. Since the distance based topological indices having high degree of predictability of pharmacological properties. In this paper we compute Eccentricity connectivity polynomial, Total eccentricity polynomial of Barbell graph and Cog wheel graph and degree based topological indices of Boron kagome lattice chemical structure.
Investigation of Dielectric Behavior of CuO Nanofluids with Mixed Alcohol-Amine Solvents: Butanol-Diethylamine and Isopropanol-Diethylamine
Authors: Rohini B , Kingson Solomon Jeevaraj A , Suvitha A , Prakash P , Revathi V
Published: November 2024

This study measures the dielectric constant of CuO nanofluid and binary fluids, such as butanol and isopropanol at different temperatures between 293K and 318K and molar concentrations between 0.01M and 0.06M. An important factor in figuring out how CuO nanofluids behave electrochemically is their dielectric constant. Binary fluids were examined to demonstrate their enhancement capability. A small amount of nanoparticles added suggests a larger increase in the dielectric constant of the resulting nanofluids. A procured CuO nanoparticle to maintain 100% purity and its dispersion is constant during the measurement. The findings suggest that the hybrid CuO nanofluid is a strong contender to enhance the dielectric characteristics of traditional fluids.
Changing climate risks for high-value tree fruit production across the United States
Authors: Preston Shawn , Rajagopalan Kirti , Yourek Matthew , Kalcsits Lee , Singh Deepti
Published: November 2024

Climate change poses growing risks to global agriculture including perennial tree fruit such as apples that hold important nutritional, cultural, and economic value. This study quantifies historical trends in climate metrics affecting apple growth, production, and quality, which remain understudied. Utilizing the high-resolution gridMET dataset, we analyzed trends (1979–2022) in several key metrics across the U.S.—cold degree days, chill portions, last day of spring frost, growing degree days (GDD), extreme heat days (daily maximum temperature >34 °C), and warm nights (daily minimum temperatures >15 °C). We found significant trends across large parts of the U.S. in all metrics, with the spatial patterns consistent with pronounced warming across the western states in summer and winter. Yakima County, WA, Kent County, MI, Wayne County, NY—leading apple-producers—showed significant decreasing trends in cold degree days and increasing trends in GDD and warm fall nights. Yakima county, with over 48 870 acres of apple orchards, showed significant changes in five of the six metrics—earlier last day of spring frost, fewer cold degree days, increasing GDD over the overall growth period, and more extreme heat days and warm nights. These trends could negatively affect apple production by reducing the dormancy period, altering bloom timing, increasing sunburn risk, and diminishing apple appearance and quality. Large parts of the U.S. experience detrimental trends in multiple metrics simultaneously that indicate the potential for compounding negative impacts on the production and quality of apples and other tree fruit, emphasizing the need for developing and adopting adaptation strategies.
Role of the Warm Arctic Cold Eurasian-like pattern on the near future warming rate of East Asian surface temperature
Authors: Oh Sae-Yoon , Yeh Sang-Wook , Park In-Hong , Yoo Changhyun , Moon Byung-Kwon
Published: November 2024

Internal climate variability (ICV) plays an important role in either accelerating or slowing down the rate of surface temperature warming in East Asia in the near future. To examine the influence of ICV on East Asian surface temperature in the near future, we mainly analyzed the data sets obtained from Max Planck Institute Grand Ensemble model simulations under the Representative Concentration Pathway 8.5 scenario. It is found that the ICV associated with the so-called Warm Arctic-Cold Eurasian (WACE)-like pattern contributes to the near-future warming rate of East Asian surface temperature. Similar results are also obtained from large ensemble model simulations participating in the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 6 under the Shared Socioeconomic Pathways 5–8.5 scenario. This implies that the near-term warming rate in East Asia could vary depending on how the climate model simulates the WACE-like pattern, indicating that the ability to accurately simulate ICV in climate models is crucial for future climate mitigation and adaptation policies.
Power Brownian Motion: an Ornstein–Uhlenbeck lookout
Authors: Eliazar Iddo
Published: November 2024

The well-known Ornstein–Uhlenbeck process (OUP) is the central go-to Gaussian model for statistical-equilibrium processes. The recently-introduced power Brownian motion (PBM) is a Gaussian model for diffusive motions, regular and anomalous alike. Using the Lamperti transform, this paper establishes PBM as the ‘diffusion counterpart’ of the OUP. Namely, the paper shows that PBM is for diffusive motions what the OUP is for statistical-equilibrium processes. The intimate parallels between the OUP and PBM are explored and illuminated via four main perspectives. (1) Statistical characterizations. (2) Kernel-integration with respect to Gaussian white noise. (3) Spatio-temporal scaling of the Wiener process. (4) Langevin stochastic dynamics driven by Gaussian white noise. To date, the prominent Gaussian models for anomalous diffusion are fractional Brownian motion (FBM), and scaled Brownian Motion (SBM). Due to its intimate OUP parallels, due to the ‘anomalous features’ it displays, due to the fact that it encompasses SBM, and following a detailed comparison to FBM: this paper argues the case for PBM as a central go-to Gaussian model for regular and anomalous diffusion.
Climate Change Impact and Adaptation of Traditional Fishermen in Rangas Village, Majene Regency
Authors: Wahyudi Adip , Deffinika Ifan , Arif Mohamad , Setiawan Akemat Rio , Priadmodjo Anggit , Erwin Muh. Alfarezi
Published: November 2024

Most of the growth centers in Majene are developing in coastal areas which highly vulnerable to climate change impacts, with the economic sector most affected being capture fisheries. Rangas Village, Banggae District affected by climate change because 80% of the population in the area depends on the capture fisheries sector for their livelihood. Therefore, using qualitative descriptive method, this research aims to examine impact of climate change on traditional fishermen in Rangas Village and adaptation actions taken. Result of the research indicates that climate change impacts felt by fishermen is unpredictable weather, especially large sea waves which often become obstacles to their activities. To overcome this, they have to do fishing activity in area outside Majene Regency. Most fishermen still use traditional methods which is observation of wind movement to determine the right time to sail. Due to these adaptation measures, most fishermen did not experience a decrease in the number of catches. This is in accordance with statistical data which states that fish catches tend to increase from 2021-2023. However, there is a decrease in fish prices compared to previous years, which is due to fish stocks tending to exceed needs, so their income also tends to decrease.
The Role Sampling Campaign: Opportunities for Utilizing Natural Landscapes to Fulfill Microhydro-Based Renewable Energy in Remote Area
Authors: Setiawan Iwan , Rohmat Dede , Suhendro  , Kamila Raksa Salat
Published: November 2024

West Java, as a province with a low electrification ratio, especially in remote areas, faces significant challenges. Recent data shows that around 77,626 households (34.91%) do not yet have access to electricity. Nonetheless, the southern region of West Java has great potential thanks to its diverse natural morphology. These landscape characteristics open up opportunities to utilize renewable energy sources, such as micro-hydro potential, to meet electricity needs. The objectives of this study include (1) Priority Election Needs of Area of Interest (AOI); (2) Sampling Campaign: Micro Hydro Opportunities in AOI. The research method used was survey research with a mixed approach. Data collection techniques include field data documentation; geospatial analysis and interviews. Data analysis was descriptive statistics. The results showed that (1) Garut Regency (3.76%) is a priority location with Singajaya sub-district (14.34%) and Sukamulya village (34.32%); (2) Sukamulya Village has potential micro hydro energy opportunities at Tiis waterfall at the foot of Mount Lumbung, the results of a rough assessment of this location can provide electrical energy to surrounding family groups. The implication of this research output can be a relevant reference for the local government to be followed up in the future action plan.
Community Participation in Mangrove Conservation: the Evidence from Blang Sebel, Simeulue
Authors: Permana Sendi , Harefa Meilinda Suriani , Tuhono Eling , Rahmadi M.Taufik , Lubis Darwin Parlaungan , Restu  , Novira Nina , Sintong Mahara , Ginting M.Rizky Pratama , Halim Jennifer , Habib Muhammad
Published: November 2024

Yayasan Konservasi Pesisir Indonesia (Yakopi) is one of the non-profit organizations that focuses on mangrove conservation in Indonesia. The mangrove restoration program that has been carried out by Yakopi for the Simeulue Regency Region, especially Blang Sebel Village, is planting mangroves covering 19.19 hectares. Therefore, other tools are needed to complement the planting program through mangrove zoning mapping and making village regulations for mangrove protection. This research approach is qualitative using the Participatory Rural Appraisal (PRA) method. The data collection techniques used are Focus Group Discussion (FGD), Participatory Mapping, and documentation with the data analysis technique used is descriptive analysis. The results of the study show that mangrove zoning mapping is applied with three zones, namely the utilization zone, buffer zone, and core zone. Based on community deliberation, an agreement was reached on village regulations No. 04 of 2023 for mangrove protection in Blang Sebel. Based on the results of the research, it is hoped that community-based mangrove management can take place in a sustainable manner to realize the balance of coastal ecosystems at local level and minimize the impact of climate change at global level.
Advancing Carbon Stock Estimation and 3D Tree Modeling: Harnessing the Potential of Low-Cost Backpack LiDAR Technology
Authors: Prasetyo Widodo Eko , Handayani Hepi Hapsari , Raharjo Agus Budi , Saptarini Dian
Published: November 2024

The maintenance of carbon stocks in the forest is fundamental to the global carbon cycle and is essential for informing climate change policy. Traditional methods for measuring carbon stocks have often been labor-intensive and expensive, involving measurements that include DBH, and tree height. However, LiDAR technology provides an efficient alternative for swiftly assessing forest vegetation structure. In this study, a low-cost backpack equipped with LiDAR technology was utilized to create three-dimensional tree models, enabling precise estimations of stem volume and carbon stock. By collecting data on DBH and vertical plant structure, the researchers could produce highly accurate three-dimensional models. The results indicated that the low-cost backpack LiDAR yielded DBH estimates very close to manual measurements, characterized by a linear regression equation of y = 1.0106x - 0.2911 and a coefficient of determination R2 = 0.99822. The results confirmed the high accuracy of DBH measurement using LiDAR, with RMSE in a value of 0.53 cm. This study unequivocally establishes that low-cost backpack LiDAR is an effective tool for measuring biomass and carbon stocks in forests, offering superior monitoring capabilities compared to conventional methods.
Geospatial Analysis of Tsunami Hazards and Mitigation Strategies
Authors: Susiati Heni , Widiawaty Millary Agung , Sunardi Sunardi , Taufik Mohammad , Kholiq Muhammad Abdul , Dede Moh. , Afriana Nana Nur , Sukriah Erry , Pane Jupiter Sitorus
Published: November 2024

Indonesia has experienced its deadliest disasters named tsunamis, particularly since the devastating earthquakes in Aceh and Yogyakarta. The Sunda Strait region and its surrounding areas, located in the Megathrust zone of western Java, are especially vulnerable to tsunami events. Geospatial technology’s advancement offers disaster mitigation strategies with potential for loss reduction. This research aims to analyze tsunami hazards and its mitigation using geospatial approach. We focused on Pagelaran Sub-District in Pandeglang Regency, Banten, Indonesia. Secondary sources and field checks provide research data on hazards and tsunami evacuation routes. We used several data such as slope, coastlines, elevation, river and road networks, as well as land use. Analysis was carried out employing weighting, scoring, overlay, and network techniques. Tsunami hazard is categorized in three categories ie. low, medium, and high. In Tegalpapak, Margagiri, and Margasana villages, a total residential area of 34.93 hectares places these villages in a high vulnerability category. The fastest evacuation route covers 1 km in 2.41 minutes (Margagiri Village). Efforts to mitigate tsunami risk include identifying and mapping potential threats, community outreach, enhanced spatial planning, and placement of evacuation signs.
Analysis of Deformation and Flood Inundation Spatial Distribution Using Sentinel-1 SAR Data for The 2021 South Kalimantan Floods
Authors: Febriansyah M N , Bioresita F , Hayati N
Published: November 2024

Major flood disasters that have occurred in Indonesia, one of which occurred in South Kalimantan in early 2021. This flood disaster was caused by high rainfall intensity. There are several relationships between rainfall, flood, and deformation. The objective of this study is to monitor deformation in flood inundation that occurred during the flood disaster in South Kalimantan. Observations with direct measurements in the field provide high data accuracy, but in its implementation there are limitations. Therefore, we utilize the development of Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) technology in observing flood inundation spatial distribution and deformation in South Kalimantan. Using SAR cannot be as accurate as direct measurements in the field, but it is effective in saving time, can be applied to wide area coverage, and can be observed multitemporally. The SAR data used is Sentinel-1 imagery with C-band which can be freely accessed and has high spatial and temporal resolution. In flood mapping with backscatter using change detection, the flood inundation distribution was 2022.558 km2. The results show deformation variations in the form of land subsidence of up to 15.9 cm in the flood distribution area.
GIS Modelling for Prediction of Tsunami Inundation Areas in Coastal Areas of Malang Regency
Authors: Irawan Listyo Yudha , Islam Shafi Noor , Sumarmi  , Ardiansyah Zunan Faruq , Dani Fajar Ahmad , Fadhlurahman Imam , Religi Muhammad Denzel , Sari Risky Rena Anggia , Farihah Siti Nur
Published: November 2024

This study utilizes Geographic Information System (GIS) modeling to predict potential tsunami inundation areas along the coastal regions of Malang Regency. The capabilities of GIS in this research integrate regional topography and land use data to model tsunami inundation scenarios accurately. The topographic modeling process employs Alos Palsar Digital Elevation Model (DEM) data, which provides detailed elevation information critical for assessing inundation risks. Three altitude scenarios 10 meters, 15 meters, and 20 meters are analyzed to gauge the extent and height of potential tsunami waves. In the 10-meter scenario, the areas most susceptible to inundation include Donomulyo, Bantur, and Gedangan, highlighting these zones as critical areas for immediate attention. As the scenario elevation increases to 15 meters, Gedangan, and Sumbermanjing Wetan emerge as the most vulnerable regions, suggesting a broader risk as tsunami wave heights escalate. The 20-meter scenario further accentuates the vulnerability of Gedangan and Sumbermanjing Wetan Districts, which exhibit the widest potential inundation areas. By identifying the most at-risk areas, this research provides valuable insights for policymakers and planners to develop targeted strategies to mitigate the impact of tsunamis. Advanced GIS modeling is a crucial tool in enhancing the preparedness and resilience of coastal communities against tsunami hazards.
Flood Hazard Mapping in Cimandiri Watershed using Fuzzy Logic Method Based on Multi-Source Geospatial Datasets
Authors: Widyatmanti Wirastuti , Puti Andini Giwang , Priatmadja Gusti Riffat , Raihan Hana Syafi , Sholihah Silfia Mar’atus , Hanif Raden Rara Irsyamaulina , Khoirurrizqi Yusri , Utami Nur Laila Eka
Published: November 2024

Flood is a frequent disaster in the Cimandiri watershed. This is evidenced by the fact that during 2017-2022, 37 floods occurred in this area. This condition causes losses to the community and damage to the environmental ecosystem. Therefore, disaster management is needed to overcome and reduce the impact of this flood. One management that can be done is by mapping flood hazard areas. However, until now there is no map available that presents the flood hazard study area in the Cimandiri watershed. If available, the maps generally cover Regency, sub-Regency, or large-scale maps covering the entire territory of Indonesia. This condition causes deficiencies or misinformation on the map because the scale of the study is irrelevant. Based on this, this study attempts to conduct flood hazard mapping in the Cimandiri watershed with a scale of analysis of 100,000. This study uses fuzzy logic method to generate hazard maps based on spatial parameters, rainfall, distance from the river, elevation, slope, vegetation density, land cover, soil type, and topographic wetness. The results of this method produce a hazard map with a class range of 0 to 1, a class that is close to 1 means that it has a high level of hazard. To see the correctness of this map, a validation test was carried out using flood data from 2017-2022 which contained 37 flood event data. Based on the validation results, 86% of flood points are in the non-0 hazard class (low hazard), only 13% are incorrect because they are in the 0-hazard class.
Design Thinking of Smart School Emergency Tents Modular Based as Post-Disaster Recovery
Authors: Purwanto  , Irawan Listyo Yudha , Aripriharta  , Fauzan Slamet , Farihah Siti Nur , Sofiana Eva Indra , Nugroho Laksono Dwi
Published: November 2024

Indonesia’s geological location has a significant impact on disasters in Indonesia. This disaster caused economic losses, casualties, and psychosocial disorders, namely post-traumatic stress disorder, especially at vulnerable ages, one of which was students. This research aims to develop innovations related to post-disaster recovery efforts for learning activities that were hampered by damage to school buildings by paying more attention to healing Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) in students. The method used is the Design Thinking Framework which consists of Emphatize, Define, Ideate, Prototype, and Testing. Data collection techniques use literature study, indirect observation, and Forum Group Discussion. Data analysis uses descriptive qualitative by describing the results of observations, literature studies, and focus group discussions. The results is Modular-Based Smart School Emergency Tents prototype. The originality or value of this research lies in the idea of an emergency school tent that has a personal energy source, portable tables, and is modular based. The module that accompanies this tent guides teachers in carrying out trauma healing for students who are indicated to be experiencing post-traumatic stress disorder.
Spatio-Temporal Analysis of Water Hyacinth Density (Eichhornia crassipes) in Lake Rawa Pening 2019 - 2023 Using NDVI Algorithm on Google Earth Engine (GEE)
Authors: Sari D N , Wismoyo G S , Sari D N
Published: November 2024

Water hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes) is an aquatic plant that floats in freshwater waters that has the ability to grow very fast and is invasive. This plant is able to reproduce vegetatively and generatively and is able to double its population within two weeks so that it can endanger the ecosystem in the waters. The purpose of this research is to map the distribution pattern, dynamics of changes in vegetation density and changes in water hyacinth area with spatial-temporal techniques using remote sensing technology processed using GEE in Lake Rawa Pening. The satellite image used is Sentinel level-2A with high spatial resolution with a recording time of May 2019 - 2023. This study uses the NDVI method to measure the greenness of vegetation and help identify the density of water hyacinth vegetation. The results of the vegetation density index show that there are five classification for vegetation density levels, and the outcomes of the accuracy test that was conducted range from -0.15 to 0.94. obtained an overall accuracy of 86.6% and a kappa coefficient value of 0.81. These results show that the use of Sentinel 2A imagery can be used for vegetation density index mapping using the NDVI algorithm in GEE with a good level of accuracy and conformity between map and field and the image processing that has been done is appropriate.
Revealing the Independent Campus Learning Program (MB-KM) in Sustainable on Increasing The Competency of Geography Education Students
Authors: Utami Wiwik Sri , Yani Muhammad Turhan , Zain Ita Mardiani , Prastiyono Hendri , Setyasih Iya , Ibrahim Mohd Hairy bin
Published: November 2024

Quality education is one of the SDG targets, especially the development of student affairs programs in universities. Through the independent campus independent learning curriculum or called ”Merdeka Belajar Kampus Merdeka” (MB-KM), study programs have more freedom to design and carry out implementation both on campus and outside campus. This research aims to analyze the implementation of the MB-KM program in geography education study programs in Indonesia. The approach used is quantitative with a survey design. Respondents were selected using purposive sampling techniques and collected data through questionnaires from the heads of geography education study programs who are members of the professional association of geography educators (P3GI). The research results show that the MB-KM program is running effectively in 17 Geography Education Study Programs throughout Indonesia. The effectiveness can be seen from various advantages and is effective in soft and hard skill activities carried out to improve the competency of geography education students during the implementation of MB-KM. Students have the freedom to choose activities that are in accordance with the linearity and ability to support the achievements of graduates of the study program.
Unidirectional steel wire reinforced metal matrix syntactic foams
Authors: Szovák Benedek , Kemény Alexandra , Orbulov Imre Norbert
Published: November 2024

A double composite structure has been successfully produced using vacuum infiltration. In this structure, the matrix was unalloyed aluminium filled with Lightweight Expanded Clay Aggregate Particles to create metal matrix syntactic foam, and stainless steel wires were placed inside this matrix as unidirectional reinforcement. The wires created a shape-locking bond with the matrix owing to their wave-like form, which helped to prevent reinforcement pullout. Based on the acquired tensile data, the tensile strength of the specimens calculated with the theoretical maximum area of reinforcement wires is Rm, theoretical = 1063 ± 192 MPa, while the tensile strength of the individual wires is Rm, wires = 882 ± 2, which leads to the conclusion that the matrix distributed some of the stress.
Failure Analysis of Cu-DHP Joining Processes: A Comparative Study of FSW and SFSW Techniques
Authors: Boțilă L N , Perianu I A , Radu B , Codrean C , Nicolaescu M , Binchiciu E-F
Published: November 2024

This article presents a failure analysis conducted on specimens extracted from 2.5 mm sheets of Cu-DHP (Cu99), which were joined using friction stir welding (FSW) and submerged friction stir welding (SFSW) processes. To evaluate the performance of the welded joints, destructive and non destructive tests, including tensile tests were performed. Additionally, morphologic analysis using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) combined with energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) and fractography investigations were carried out on the samples. The results of experimental research show refined microstructures both for FSW and SFSW welding. Improved mechanical properties have been obtained for SFSW welding, compared to FSW. SFSW specimens demonstrates superior tensile strength and a higher hardness compared to FSW specimens, by performing joining process underwater. The fracture surfaces of the tensile test specimens from the base material (BM), FSW and SFSW joints, revealed the ductile fracture mechanism of the joints. EDX analysis confirms compositional integrity of the base and welded metals. Results highlights suitability of the FSW and SFSW processes for joining of copper Cu-DHP.
Compressive behavior of closed-cell metal foams under cryogenic conditions
Authors: Bercuci Răzvan , Marsavina Liviu , Kováčik Jaroslav , Linul Emanoil
Published: November 2024

Cellular materials in general and foams (polymeric, metallic and ceramic) in particular have seen a major development in recent years. Most of the data are reported at room temperature (RT), while the area of extreme temperatures is little studied. This work presents the quasi-static compression behavior of metallic foams (MFs). The MFs have closed cells and are manufactured from aluminum alloys (AlSi10) through powder metallurgy route. The mechanical tests are performed at cryogenic temperature (CT), and the results are compared with those at RT. It was found that as the temperature drops (CT), the samples become more brittle and withstand higher loads. The collapse mechanisms differ depending on the used test condition. The highest energy absorption performances are highlighted at CT. Also, the characteristic strains associated with the strength properties are influenced by the test temperature.
Introduction
Authors: Boonin David
Published: November 2024

This chapter provides an introduction and overview of the book. It begins by explaining what is meant by consent and by the distinction between consent and valid consent. It then discusses the importance of valid consent in general and, more specifically, in the context of sexual consent. It then provides an overview of the four kinds of cases involving problematic consent that the rest of the book explores. These are cases where it’s controversial whether consent is rendered invalid by a particular form of coercion, deception, incompetence, or manipulation. The chapter concludes by describing the methodological approach the rest of the book takes in assessing these cases. The method involves starting with cases where it’s clear whether the consent in question is valid, extracting general lessons from the clear cases, and then applying those lessons to the unclear cases.
Acting for Reasons
Authors: Borg Emma
Published: November 2024

A traditional view in philosophy, known as ‘common-sense’ or ‘folk’ psychology, holds that representational mental states—paradigmatically, propositional attitudes like beliefs and desires—lie at the heart of intentional action and social cognition. According to this view, intentional or deliberate actions are responses to mental states which capture a person’s reasons for action: I open the cookie jar because I’d like a cookie and believe there is one in there; I think you will open the cookie jar because I believe you want a cookie and you think there is one in there. This book is an attempt to defend this kind of common-sense approach from three empirically grounded challenges: the No Reasons challenge, the Insufficient Reasons challenge, and the challenge from Deflationary approaches to action understanding. This chapter introduces the view to be defended and the challenges to be explored.
Heuristics as Unthinking Processes?
Authors: Borg Emma
Published: November 2024

The ‘No Reasons challenge’ to common-sense psychology (CP) holds that heuristic-based decision-making is habit-like since both routes travel from stimuli to action/decision without passing through reasons and reasoning. The pressing question for advocates of this challenge, however, is: why should we accept that heuristics are reasons-insensitive decision-making processes? This chapter explores three arguments in favour of this claim. The first two appeal to the introspectable properties of decision-making (speed, ease, automaticity, and awareness), while the last holds that heuristics can simply be defined as reasons-insensitive processes. I argue, however, that none of these arguments goes through. Thus, in the absence of any other support for the reasons-insensitivity of heuristic processes, I conclude that the No Reasons challenge should be rejected. Despite common talk of heuristics as ‘unthinking’, the fact that a decision comes to us quickly, easily, automatically, or unconsciously entails nothing about whether it involves sensitivity to reasons.
Rejecting Empirical Evidence of Systematic Irrationality
Authors: Borg Emma
Published: November 2024

The Insufficient Reasons challenge to common-sense psychology (CP) holds that individual decision-making is so beset by bias and error, and so impervious to evidence, that it should be viewed as failing to meet the standards for rationality. This chapter presents the first part of the argument against this challenge, exploring the grounds that an advocate of CP has for rejecting the experimental evidence which has been taken to show that we are poor reasoners. The chapter looks at issues around the Replication Crisis and problems with data analysis, test/re-test stability, and other within-subject issues, together with ecological validity concerns, and suggests that these kinds of consideration undermine much of the evidence of apparently irrational decision-making.
Reframing Empirical Evidence of Irrationality
Authors: Borg Emma
Published: November 2024

This chapter presents the second part of the response to the Insufficient Reasons challenge to common-sense psychology (CP). It argues that some of the experimental evidence which has been taken to demonstrate failures of rationality can be accommodated in other ways. This possibility opens up since, on closer consideration, it can be seen that there are a range of factors that might explain specific data points without an appeal to irrationality. To see this, the chapter explores different approaches to probability, asks what is really involved in identity-protective cognition and belief perseverance, and sets out the pervasive manner in which people reveal their sensitivity to pragmatic evidence. Taken together with the explanatory methods set out in Chapter 6, this chapter argues that the advocate of CP can reject claims of systematic failure and weakness in typical human decision-making and thus that the Insufficient Reasons challenge can be rejected.
Behaviour-reading Accounts
Authors: Borg Emma
Published: November 2024

Basic action understanding must involve skills which are relatively undemanding (i.e. the kind of skills animals or infants might possess) and which can be brought to bear with speed and ease (to explain the speed and ease with which adults are able to understand and predict the actions of others). The most robustly deflationary answer to the question of what is involved in basic action understanding comes from empiricist approaches which hold that all that is required is sensitivity to behavioural and environmental factors. This chapter lays out exactly what such a behaviour-reading model might look like, exploring the approach, first, as it emerges in comparative and developmental research, second, as grounded in the activity of so-called mirror neurons, and, finally, in the form of so-called regulative and submentalizing models.