bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Temporal and spatial trends in adult nuisance fly populations at Australian cattle feedlots
Authors: Urech Rudolf , Bright Roselyn L , Green Peter E , Brown Geoffrey W , Hogsette Jerome A , Skerman Alan G , Elson‐Harris Marlene M , Mayer David G
Published: November 2011

A comprehensive trapping program to determine the species composition, seasonality and distribution of adult nuisance fly populations at a southern Queensland feedlot was conducted from 2001 to 2003. Short‐term information on nuisance fly populations was also collected from two feedlots located in other climatic regions. Twenty‐five species of Diptera were identified. The more commonly trapped species were the house fly, Musca domestica L. (Muscidae) (38%), the hairy maggot blowfly, Chrysomya rufifacies (Macquart) (Calliphoridae) (27%) and the bush fly, Musca vetustissima Walker (Muscidae) (15%). Seasonal effects were the major determinant of fly populations. All commonly trapped fly species had low abundance during the coldest winter months, July and August. Musca domestica had one annual, broad peak in abundance starting in spring and extending over about 8 or 9 months. Musca vetustissima had a major abundance peak in October/November and a smaller peak around April. Stomoxys calcitrans (L.) (stable fly) (Muscidae) showed two annual peaks in abundance, with the major peak in May. Chrysomya spp. were most abundant during spring, summer and autumn, whereas the highest numbers of Calliphora augur (F.) (blue‐bodied blowfly) (Calliphoridae) were trapped in winter.

The sites within the feedlot with the highest catches of M. domestica were the feed mill, cattle pens and the hospital area and of S. calcitrans the manure piles, silage pits and the feed mill. The lowest catches of M. domestica and S. calcitrans were obtained in the traps situated a few kilometres outside the feedlot. In contrast, M. vetustissima and blowfly catches were higher in outside traps and traps near the manure piles than any other feedlot site.

There was a correlation between the animals' number of fly avoidance movements and M. domestica catches and between the number of leg stomps and stable fly catches, respectively.
Organizational socialization of international nurses in the New York metropolitan area
Authors: Bae S.‐H.
Published: November 2011

BAE S.H. (2011) Organizational socialization of international nurses in the New York metropolitan area. International Nursing Review59, 81–87

Background:  The global migration of nurses has been ongoing in an effort to alleviate the worldwide nursing shortage. Although international nurses have unique needs in adapting to a new host culture and workplace, little is known about the process of organizational socialization faced by different groups of international nurses, such as child immigrant registered nurses (RNs), adult immigrant RNs, and foreign‐educated RNs, compared with native nurses.

Objectives:  This study examined international nurses' perceptions of their organizational socialization and its association with intent to leave in both the international and the American nurses.

Methods:  Data from a hospital RN survey was used for secondary data analysis, with the final dataset consisting of 752 RNs. Organizational socialization was measured to assess the quality of the orientation programme and support from supervisors and peers. Nurse retention was measured by nurses' intent to leave within 3 years.

Findings:  The level of organizational socialization of foreign‐educated RNs was higher than that of any of other nurse groups. Lower proportions of foreign‐educated RNs and adult immigrant RNs had plans to leave within 3 years compared with American RNs and child immigrant RNs. Good supervisor and peer support were negatively associated with nurses' intent to leave (i.e. these nurses were less likely to leave within 3 years).

Conclusions:  This study found that the orientation programme and support from peers and supervisors played an important role in the international nurse's organizational socialization process. This process should be the subject of continued research to provide frontline nurse managers with practical information addressing the challenges of international nurses' organizational socialization.
Experience of loneliness in Iranian abused elders
Authors: Heravi‐Karimooi M. , Rejeh N. , Foroughan M. , Vaismoradi M.
Published: November 2011

HERAVI‐KARIMOOI M., REJEH N., FOROUGHAN M. & VAISMORADI M. (2011) Experience of loneliness in Iranian abused elders. International Nursing Review59, 139–145

Aim:  This study aimed to explore the experience of loneliness in Iranian abused elderly people.

Methods:  A qualitative design was employed to collect and analyse data regarding the experience of loneliness in abused elderly people living in an urban area of Iran. A purposeful sampling strategy was applied. Semi‐structured in‐depth interviews were held with 14 participants (five men and nine women) until the data richness was fulfilled. The data were analysed using the Colaizzi method.

Findings:  Three main themes emerged as follows: ‘feeling of pain and suffering’, ‘feeling of being an outsider’ and ‘feeling of deprivation’. A discrepancy existed between how the participants had imagined their lives in later life and how they actually lived them.

Conclusion:  The combination of abuse, old age and deprivation increased suffering and pain, which accompanied the loneliness experience in older people. The findings suggest that nurses need to address factors such as abuse, neglect and deprivation influencing the experience of loneliness during the assessment of their elder patients. This may help them to devise strategies for preventing abuse or alleviating the sense of loneliness in elderly people.
Environmental Policy Performance Revisited: Designing Effective Policies for Green Markets
Authors: Daugbjerg Carsten , Sønderskov Kim Mannemar
Published: November 2011

Studies of environmental policy performance tend to concentrate on the impact of particular policy institutions or of single policy instruments. However, environmental policies most often consist of a package of policy instruments. Further, these studies pay no or very little attention to policy instruments directed at the demand side of the market. Therefore this article develops a policy typology for government intervention aimed at creating green markets. The typology distinguishes between four types of policy based on the balance between the supply-side and demand-side policy instruments. On the basis of the typology, a hypothesis on their ability to expand green markets is generated and tested in a comparative analysis of the performance of organic food policies in Denmark, Sweden, the UK and the US, focusing on their impact on organic consumption. Our analysis demonstrates that cross-country variation in organic food consumption is explained by differences in the packages of policy instruments applied, controlling for numerous systemic and individual-level alternative explanations. The analysis suggests that for environmental and political reasons, governments should apply more demand-side instruments when introducing environmental policies.
Estimating the validity of administrative variables
Authors: Bakker Bart F. M.
Published: November 2011

Administrative data have become more important for both official statistics and academic research. One possible problem with such data is that they are biased and have a low validity. Although this problem is often mentioned in a qualitative respect, the validity is seldom quantitatively measured. This article presents a method to estimate the validity of administrative variables. By applying the classical test theory, the validity can be determined by using linked survey and administrative data which should measure the same concepts. This idea is elaborated with an empirical example in which the construct validity of age, gender, educational attainment and wages is determined simultaneously. A linear structural equations model with a measurement component is used to compute the construct validity. The analyses reveal that educational attainment and wages show some bias, but not higher than the bias found in the survey.
FEMINIST APPROACHES TO RELIGION AND TORTURE
Authors: Gudorf Christine E.
Published: November 2011

Feminists look critically at any infliction of pain on others, usually requiring that it be consensual, and often both consensual and for the benefit of the person afflicted. Most torture of women is not recognized under official definitions of torture because it is not performed by or with the consent of (government) officials. Women are, however, also victims of torture under official definitions as military or civilian prisoners or as members of defeated populations in war, and are more often subjected to sexual torture, which until recently has not been understood either as torture or even a war crime. Rape, especially serial gang rape, it is argued, should be understood as torture, as the essence of torture is the use of severe pain to obscure or obliterate the victim's sense of agency.
CONSENT, CONVERSION, AND MORAL FORMATION: Stoic Elements in Jonathan Edwards's Ethics
Authors: Cochran Elizabeth Agnew
Published: November 2011

The contemporary revival of virtue ethics has focused primarily on retrieving central moral commitments of Aristotle, Thomas Aquinas, and the Neoplatonist traditions. Christian virtue ethicists would do well to expand this retrieval further to include the writings of the Roman Stoics. This essay argues that the ethics of Jonathan Edwards exemplifies major Stoic themes and explores three noteworthy points of intersection between Stoic ethics and Edwards's thought: a conception of virtue as consent to a benevolent providence, the identification of virtue as a singular and transformative good, and an account of moral formation as simultaneously self‐directed and received. Common ground between Edwards and the Stoics illustrates the value of recognizing Stoic moral thought as a philosophical framework that can enhance and undergird Christian ethicists' understandings of moral development and the nature of virtue.
Early use of high‐dose riboflavin in a case of Brown–Vialetto–Van Laere syndrome
Authors: ANAND GEETHA , HASAN NADEEM , JAYAPAL SATHIYA , HUMA ZILLA , ALI TARIQ , HULL JEREMY , BLAIR EDWARD , MCSHANE TONY , JAYAWANT SANDEEP
Published: November 2011

Brown–Vialetto–Van Laere syndrome (BVVLS) is a genetic condition caused by a mutation in the C20orf54 gene, which also codes for an intestinal riboflavin transporter. We report the case of a female who presented at 22 months with acute‐onset stridor and generalized muscle weakness, in whom a genetic diagnosis of BVVLS was made, and whose symptoms improved on therapy with high‐dose riboflavin. She had previously been developing normally and was able to walk at 11 months, then developed progressive muscle weakness at 22 months, and within 2 weeks was unable to sit without support. She also demonstrated stridor and paradoxical breathing indicating diaphragmatic weakness, and required continuous non‐invasive ventilation (NIV) through a tracheostomy. After treatment with riboflavin she was able to walk unaided, and her Gross Motor Functional Classification level improved from level IV to level I, having fully regained the motor function she showed before symptom onset. There were no longer signs of diaphragmatic paralysis while on NIV, and she was able to tolerate 10‐minute periods off NIV before paradoxical breathing again became apparent. We therefore recommend that in all cases suspected to be in the BVVLS or Fazio–Londe spectrum, early treatment with high‐dose riboflavin must be considered.
Visual acuity changes in cone and cone‐rod dystrophies
Authors: Prokofyeva Elena , Troeger Eric , Bernd Antje , Zrenner Eberhart
Published: November 2011

Citation information: Prokofyeva E, Troeger E, Bernd A & Zrenner E. Visual acuity changes in cone and cone‐rod dystrophies. Ophthalmic Physiol Opt 2011. doi: 10.1111/j.1475‐1313.2011.00883.x

Purpose:  The purpose of the study was to evaluate longitudinal visual acuity (VA) changes in cone (CD) and cone‐rod dystrophies (CRD) in order to develop recommendations for follow‐up strategies and to define an optimal time for potential therapeutic intervention.

Methods:  Patients with clinically defined CD and CRD, who had at least three clinical examinations within a follow‐up period of a minimum of 2 years, were included in the study. The observation period was divided into segments: between 1–2 visits and 2–3 visits in intervals of 2 years, and between 3–4 visits in 3‐year intervals. Disease history was collected during the baseline examination. Median age of onset, age at first examination, and period between disease onset and 1st visit (latency) were estimated. Medians with 25th and 75th quantile of VA decrease in logMAR for each segment of observation were calculated. The median percentage of VA decrease was also calculated.

Results:  Initial results of the Tuebingen longitudinal study of VA changes in CRD and CD are presented as medians with 25th and 75th quintiles. Twenty‐nine patients (14 men and 15 women) were studied. Nineteen of them had CRD and 10 CD. Median age at the baseline visit was 18 (11, 31) years for CRD and 26 (8, 41.5) years for CD. Median age of disease onset was 9 (8, 25) years for CRD and 7.5 (5, 15) years for CD. The median latency was 6.5 (3; 8.25) years in CD and 4 (2, 10) years in CRD patients. VA in CD and CRD patients was significantly different only during the first visit (p < 0.03). VA decrease was highest in the period between 2–3 visits with a median VA decrease of 36%, for CDR and between 3–4 visits for CD with a median VA decrease of 80%. In the CRD group the rate of VA decline was fairly even over the four visits, whereas in the CD group the decline appeared to progressively increase towards the end of the follow‐up.

Conclusion:  CRD patients were younger than those with CD at a baseline visit and had a longer period of follow‐up. A statistically significant difference in VA in CRD and CD was observed at the first ophthalmological examination only. VA decrease was most prominent in the second decade of life in CRD and in third decade in CD patients. CRD was characterized by a more progressive VA decrease than CD. CRD had a high decline of VA over the second and the third examination, whereas VA decline in CD progressed towards the end of follow‐up period (fourth examination). These results should be considered when advising and following up such patients on a long‐term basis.
Late Weichselian and Holocene palaeoenvironmental changes in northern Poland based on the Lake Skrzynka record
Authors: Apolinarska Karina , Woszczyk Michał , Obremska Milena
Published: November 2011

This paper presents a comprehensive palaeoenvironmental data set from Lake Skrzynka, northern Poland. A sediment core from the lake was investigated to reconstruct Lateglacial and Holocene environmental changes in northern Poland using a combination of palynology and stable carbon and oxygen isotope studies of carbonates and sediment geochemistry. The undisturbed sedimentation in Lake Skrzynka continues from the Allerød to the present. Our data suggest the persistence of dead ice in the Lake Skrzynka basin up to the Allerød. The sedimentary record of the lake reflects a considerable difference between the Lateglacial/early Holocene and the middle/late Holocene in terms of environmental conditions. The Lateglacial was characterized by rapid environmental changes, while climatic conditions throughout the Holocene were relatively stable. The trophic state of the lake was strictly dependent on climatically controlled vegetation changes and erosion tendencies in the vicinity of Lake Skrzynka. During the Lateglacial and early Holocene, as a result of predominantly open plant communities and enhanced nutrient export from the watershed, Lake Skrzynka experienced an increased trophy. The stabilization of forest cover and reduced input of nutrients resulted in the establishment of oligotrophic conditions in the lake in the early Boreal. During the late Subatlantic, the lake became eutrophic as a result of human disturbance of the local hydrological balance. The postglacial history of Lake Skrzynka can be regarded as representative of small, alkaline, through‐flow lakes in temperate climates.
Problem Areas Reported by Substance Abusing Individuals and Their Concerned Significant Others
Authors: Hussaarts Pauline , Roozen Hendrik G. , Meyers Robert J. , van de Wetering Ben J.M. , McCrady Barbara S.
Published: November 2011

Substance use disorders (SUDs) have a serious impact on several life areas, including family functioning. This study examined problem areas that patients with SUDs and their family members experience in terms of quality of relations, psychological problems, physical distress, and quality of life. A sample of 32 dyads—persons with SUDs and a family member—were recruited from a substance abuse treatment program, and completed the Maudsley Addiction Profile health symptoms section, EuroQol‐5D, Relationship Happiness Scale, Dyadic Adjustment Scale, and the Dedication Scale. Family members reported that four significant others were directly affected by patients’ addiction‐related problems, while patients reported that less than three family members were affected by their addiction. Consistently, family members indicated that they were less content with their relationship than patients and evaluated the consequences of patients’ SUDs as more negative and severe than the patients themselves. Furthermore, patients and their family members reported comparable levels of physical and psychological distress and quality of life scores. These systematically obtained findings support the notion that relationships of patients and family members are disrupted and both need help to improve their physical and psychological well‐being. (Am J Addict 2011;21:38–46)
An Integrated Approach for Predicting Fates of Reintroductions with Demographic Data from Multiple Populations
Authors: PARLATO ELIZABETH H. , ARMSTRONG DOUG P.
Published: November 2011

Abstract:  We devised a novel approach to model reintroduced populations whereby demographic data collected from multiple sites are integrated into a Bayesian hierarchical model. Integrating data from multiple reintroductions allows more precise population‐growth projections to be made, especially for populations for which data are sparse, and allows projections that account for random site‐to‐site variation to be made before new reintroductions are attempted. We used data from reintroductions of the North Island Robin (Petroica longipes), an endemic New Zealand passerine, to 10 sites where non‐native mammalian predators are controlled. A comparison of candidate models that we based on deviance information criterion showed that rat‐tracking rate (an index of rat density) was a useful predictor of robin fecundity and adult female survival, that landscape connectivity and a binary measure of whether sites were on a peninsula were useful predictors of apparent juvenile survival (probably due to differential dispersal away from reintroduction sites), and that there was unexplained random variation among sites in all demographic rates. We used the two best supported models to estimate the finite rate of increase (λ) for populations at each of the 10 sites, and for a proposed reintroduction site, under different levels of rat control. Only three of the reintroduction sites had λ distributions completely >1 for either model. At two sites, λ was expected to be >1 if rat‐tracking rates were <5%. At the other five reintroduction sites, λ was predicted to be close to 1, and it was unclear whether growth was expected. Predictions of λ for the proposed reintroduction site were less precise than for other sites because distributions incorporated the full range of site‐to‐site random variation in vital rates. Our methods can be applied to any species for which postrelease data on demographic rates are available and potentially can be extended to model multiple species simultaneously.
The Interaction between Seaweed Farming as an Alternative Occupation and Fisher Numbers in the Central Philippines
Authors: HILL NICHOLAS A. O. , ROWCLIFFE J. MARCUS , KOLDEWEY HEATHER J. , MILNER‐GULLAND E. J.
Published: November 2011

Abstract:  Alternative occupations are frequently promoted as a means to reduce the number of people exploiting declining fisheries. However, there is little evidence that alternative occupations reduce fisher numbers. Seaweed farming is frequently promoted as a lucrative alternative occupation for artisanal fishers in Southeast Asia. We examined how the introduction of seaweed farming has affected village‐level changes in the number of fishers on Danajon Bank, central Philippines, where unsustainable fishing has led to declining fishery yields. To determine how fisher numbers had changed since seaweed farming started, we interviewed the heads of household from 300 households in 10 villages to examine their perceptions of how fisher numbers had changed in their village and the reasons they associated with these changes. We then asked key informants (people with detailed knowledge of village members) to estimate fisher numbers in these villages before seaweed farming began and at the time of the survey. We compared the results of how fisher numbers had changed in each village with the wealth, education, seaweed farm sizes, and other attributes of households in these villages, which we collected through interviews, and with village‐level factors such as distance to markets. We also asked people why they either continued to engage in or ceased fishing. In four villages, respondents thought seaweed farming and low fish catches had reduced fisher numbers, at least temporarily. In one of these villages, there was a recent return to fishing due to declines in the price of seaweed and increased theft of seaweed. In another four villages, fisher numbers increased as human population increased, despite the widespread uptake of seaweed farming. Seaweed farming failed for technical reasons in two other villages. Our results suggest seaweed farming has reduced fisher numbers in some villages, a result that may be correlated with socioeconomic status, but the heterogeneity of outcomes is consistent with suggestions that alternative occupations are not a substitute for more direct forms of resource management.
Viewpoint: Innovations in the theory and practice of redistribution policy
Authors: Boadway Robin
Published: November 2011

Abstract We present a survey of key results from second‐best optimal redistribution theory and their implications for tax‐transfer policy. The core results include the Corlett‐Hague theorem, the Deaton conditions, the production‐efficiency theorem, the Atkinson‐Stiglitz theorem, and the Mirrlees‐Saez characterization of the optimal non‐linear income tax system. These have been augmented in recent years by optimal participation tax rates, the implications of involuntary unemployment, the use of unconventional instruments, such as minimum wages, in‐kind transfer, and workfare, and the optimal taxation of capital income and bequests.
Foreign (in)direct investment and corporate taxation
Authors: Wamser Georg
Published: November 2011

Abstract Foreign investments of multinational firms are often complex in that they involve conduit entities. In particular, a multinational can pursue either a direct or an indirect investment strategy, where the latter involves an intermediate corporate entity and is associated with enhanced opportunities for international tax planning. As a consequence, in the case of indirect investments, the role of corporate taxation in destination countries may change. This paper investigates the effects of corporate taxation on foreign investment decisions of German multinationals, taking explicitly into account that firms choose in a first stage the investment regime (direct vs. indirect). The empirical findings, consistent with theoretical predictions, suggest that tax effects differ according to whether the investment is direct or indirect.
An updated ranking of academic journals in economics
Authors: Kalaitzidakis Pantelis , Mamuneas Theofanis P. , Stengos Thanasis
Published: November 2011

Abstract We conduct an update of the ranking of economic journals by Kalaitzidakis, Mamuneas, and Stengos (2003). However, our present study differs methodologically from that earlier study in an important dimension. We use a rolling window of years between 2003 and 2008, for each year counting the number of citations of articles published in the previous 10 years. This allows us to obtain a smoother longer view of the evolution of rankings in the period under consideration and avoid the inherent randomness that may exist at any particular year, because of new entrants.
The Role of Noninvasive Imaging in Early Diagnosis of Clinically Masked Prepulseless Inflammatory Phase of Takayasu's Arteritis
Authors: Goel Pravin K. , Moorthy Nagaraja , Kumar Sunil
Published: November 2011

Diagnosis of early‐phase Takayasu's arteritis (TA) is extremely difficult and overlooked as most often presentation is nonspecific and mimics various other diseases. Early diagnosis and initiation of proper therapy could alter the natural course of the disease. We describe an adolescent male presenting with pyrexia of unknown origin and clinical features simulating idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy. Transthoracic echocardiography was suggestive of dilated cardiomyopathy with severe left ventricular dysfunction. Later vascular ultrasonography and CT aortography showed extensive thickening of intima‐media of aorta and its major branches suggestive of inflammatory phase of TA. We discuss the role of noninvasive imaging in diagnosis of clinically masked prepulseless inflammatory phase of TA. (Echocardiography 2012;29:59‐63))
Fish distributions along depth gradients of a sea mountain range conform to the mid‐domain effect
Authors: Geange Shane W. , Connell Amelia M. , Lester Philip J. , Dunn Matthew R. , Burns K. C.
Published: November 2011

Species richness often peaks in the middle of bounded geographic domains (e.g. latitude, altitude or depth). Hump‐shaped richness distributions may be due to deterministic processes, such as adaptations to environmental variation. Alternatively, such distributions might also be due to stochastic process. The mid‐domain effect (MDE) posits that hump‐shaped richness distributions arise when species ranges are randomly arranged within the limits of the domain. We tested whether the MDE could account for the richness of bottom‐associated (demersal) fishes between 200 and 800 m on the Chatham Rise, New Zealand. We quantified the depth distributions of 59 fish species from 1891 research trawl catches made between 1991 and 2007. Results showed a broad plateau of high species richness near the centre of the domain (between 300 and 700 m), which was consistent with expectations of the MDE. Further, empirical species richness was better explained statistically by predictions of the MDE than models incorporating additional abiotic predictor variables. Our results deviated from previous studies that identified a greater richness of fishes in warmer, shallower depths with higher primary production. However, our study was conducted entirely below the euphotic zone, at depths where gradients are relatively weak, suggesting that support for the mid‐domain effect may increase across oceanic domains characterised by weak environmental gradients.
Impacts of HIV infection and long‐term use of antiretroviral therapy on the prevalence of oral human papilloma virus type 16
Authors: Amornthatree Korntip , Sriplung Hutcha , Mitarnun Winyou , Nittayananta Wipawee
Published: November 2011

J Oral Pathol Med (2012) 41: 309–314

Background:  The objectives of this study were to determine (i) the prevalence and the copy numbers of oral human papilloma virus type 16 (HPV‐16) in HIV‐infected patients compared with non‐HIV controls, and (ii) the effects of antiretroviral therapy (ART) and its duration on the virus.

Methods:  A cross‐sectional study was carried out in HIV‐infected patients with and without ART and in non‐HIV controls. Saliva samples were collected, and the DNA extracted from those samples was used as a template to detect HPV‐16 E6 and E7 by quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Student’s t‐test and ANOVA test were performed to determine the prevalence rates among groups.

Results:  Forty‐nine HIV‐infected patients: 37 on ART (age range, 23–54 years; mean, 37 years), 12 not on ART (age range, 20–40 years; mean, 31 years), and 20 non‐HIV controls (age range, 19–53 years; mean, 31 years) were enrolled. The prevalence of oral HPV‐16 infection and the copy numbers of the virus were significantly higher in HIV‐infected patients than in non‐HIV controls when using E6 assay (geometric mean = 10696 vs. 563 copies/105 cells, P < 0.001), but not E7 assay. No significant difference was observed between those who were and were not on ART. Long‐term use of ART did not significantly change the prevalence of oral HPV‐16 infection and the copy numbers of the virus (P = 0.567).

Conclusion:  We conclude that the prevalence of oral HPV‐16 infection and the copy numbers of the virus are increased by HIV infection. Neither the use of ART nor its duration significantly affected the virus.
Spontaneous restoration of target vegetation in old‐fields in a central European landscape: a repeated analysis after three decades
Authors: Jírová Alena , Klaudisová Alexandra , Prach Karel
Published: November 2011

Questions

(a) What are directions of spontaneous succession; in particular, do target stages (identified as shrubby grassland and semi‐natural deciduous woodland) develop, and if so, which species are involved? (b) Are the target stages predictable? (c) How do species richness and environmental characteristics change during succession? (d) What are the consequences for restoration and landscape management?

Location

The Bohemian Karst Protected Landscape Area, SW of Prague, Czech Republic (49° 52′–50° 00′ N, 14° 03′–14° 21′ E, 251–488 m a.s.l.).

Methods

In a repeated analysis, phytosociological relevés recorded in 4 m × 4 m plots in 58 old‐fields initially surveyed in 1975 were compared to those from 28 still existing fields in 2008–2009. Average Ellenberg indicator values were calculated for each relevé. Aspect and slope were measured and potential radiation calculated. pH was measured from soil samples. Species were grouped according to their affiliation to the phytosociological classes Querco‐Fagetea, Festuco‐Brometea, Trifolio‐Geranietea, Molinio‐Arrhenatheretea, and weedy and ruderal vegetation. Those belonging to the first three classes were considered target species. The data were analysed using multivariate (ordination methods) and univariate statistics.

Results

The spontaneous succession in old‐fields proceeded towards target stages, either deciduous woodlands or shrubby grasslands. Their establishment can be tentatively predicted by soil pH and early occurrence of grassland species. Except pH, all Ellenberg indicator values changed during succession. pH values (Ellenberg and measured) were higher in shrubby grasslands than in woodlands. The total number of species decreased during succession, the number of target woodland species increased, and target grassland species remained the same in the shrubby grassland stages but decreased in the woodland stages during the past 33 yr of succession.

Conclusions

Target shrubby grasslands, resembling natural steppe‐like communities typical of the region and valuable from a conservation point of view, can be restored by spontaneous succession within a few decades in about one‐third of the studied old‐fields. Other fields developed into deciduous woodland. Restoration of well‐developed target woodland will take longer, but the trend is already obvious, although less desirable nitrophilous woodland might also alternatively develop. Repeating earlier chronosequence studies may provide valuable information useful in restoration ecology and landscape management.
CTFEATURES OF PLEURAL MASSES AND NODULES
Authors: Reetz Jennifer A. , Buza Elizabeth L. , Krick Erika L.
Published: November 2011

Pleural space masses and nodules are rarely described on computed tomography (CT) in veterinary medicine and have only been described in patients with neoplasia. Our purpose was to describe theCTfindings and diagnoses in seven patients with pleural masses and nodules. Two patients had broad‐based, plaque‐like pleural masses, both of which were due to neoplasia (primary pleural carcinoma, metastatic thymoma). Two patients had well‐defined pleural nodules and nodular pleural thickening, one of which had mesothelial hypertrophy, and another of which had metastatic hemangiosarcoma. Three patients had ill‐defined pleural nodules to nodular pleural thickening, one of which had metastatic pulmonary carcinoma, while the other two had bacterial infection with mesothelial proliferation (n = 2), fibrinous pleuritis (n = 1), and severe mediastinal pleuritis/mediastinitis (n = 2). Five of the seven patients had focal, multifocal or diffuse smooth, and/or irregular pleural thickening. Five of seven patients had pleural effusion, and postcontrastCTwas useful in several patients for delineating the pleural lesions from the effusion. All patients except one had additional lesions identified onCTbesides those in the pleural space.CTis useful in identifying and characterizing pleural space lesions and could be used to guide further diagnostic procedures such as thoracoscopy or exploratory thoracotomy. Both neoplastic and nonneoplastic diseases should be considered in the differential diagnoses for pleural space masses and nodules found onCT.
Population structure of rice (Oryza sativa) landraces from high altitude area of Indian Himalayas
Authors: Pandey A. , Bisht I.S. , Bhat K.V.
Published: November 2011

This study examined the genetic diversity in 20 rice landrace populations from parts of traditional farming areas of the Indian Himalayas using 11 mapped simple sequence repeats (SSR) loci. Twenty‐four individuals sampled from each of the 20 landraces (480 individuals), which were collected from farmers from Northwest to Northeast Himalaya, showed that all landraces showed within population variation and none were homogeneous. The number of polymorphic loci in a landrace population ranged from 5 to 11. A total of 71 alleles were recorded of which 58 were common and 13 were rare. Of the 71 alleles, 46 were common to both Northwest and Northeast regions, whereas 9 were unique to the former and 16 were unique to the latter. The mean number of alleles per locus was 6.45 and for landrace populations from Northwest and Northeast regions were 5.0 and 5.64, respectively. Population differentiation, as shown by a high FST value (0.61), was greater for Northeast populations. The unweighted pair group method with arithmetic mean (UPGMA) dendrogram classified the populations into three major clusters: cluster I comprised seven populations from the Northwest region, cluster II comprised seven populations from the Northeast region and cluster III comprised populations from both regions. Investigating the population genetic structure can help monitor change in diversity over time and space, and also help devise a rational plan for management of crop landraces on‐farm under farmer management.
Salicaceae detoxification abilities in Florida tiger swallowtail butterflies (Papilio glaucus maynardi Gauthier): Novel ability or Pleistocene holdover?
Authors: Lehnert Matthew S. , Scriber J. Mark
Published: November 2011

Abstract  Florida populations of the eastern tiger swallowtail butterfly, Papilio glaucus L., have unique morphological features and ecological adaptations that have contributed to their subspecies status (P. g. maynardi Gauthier). We describe geographically unique abilities for detoxification of Carolina willow, Salix caroliniana Michx. (Salicaceae), for several Florida populations of P. g. maynardi. Of all the approximately 570 worldwide species of the Papilionidae, such Salicaceae detoxification abilities exist only in the allopatric North American western and northernmost species (P. rutulus Lucas, P. eurymedon Lucas and P. canadensis Rothschild & Jordan). Females of P. glaucus collected from populations in southeastern USA were examined for oviposition preference in 5‐choice assays, and displayed a low preference for Salicaceae (<5%), but larvae from Florida populations exhibited a high survival (>60%) on these plants. Detoxification abilities have previously shown to be autosomally inherited, and can be transferred via natural or hand‐paired interspecific hybrid introgression. However, these Florida populations are at least 700–1 500 km from the nearest hybrids or the hybrid species, P. appalachiensis Pavulaan & Wright, which possess these detoxification abilities. In any case, the Z ( = X)‐linked oviposition preferences for Salicaceae are lacking in these Florida populations, illustrating genetic independence of oviposition preference determination and larval survival/performance abilities. The origins of detoxification abilities are unlikely to be due to recent climate‐driven introgression, and may represent ancestral trait carry‐overs from interglacial refugium populations of the Pleistocene epoch.
Understanding Minority Patients’ Beliefs About Hypertension to Reduce Gaps in Communication Between Patients and Clinicians
Authors: Kronish Ian M. , Leventhal Howard , Horowitz Carol R.
Published: November 2011

The authors’ objective was to gain a better understanding of minority patients’ beliefs about hypertension and to use this understanding to develop a model to explain gaps in communication between patients and clinicians. Eighty‐eight hypertensive black and Latino adults from 4 inner‐city primary care clinics participated in focus groups to elucidate views on hypertension. Participants believed that hypertension was a serious illness in need of treatment. Participants’ diverged from the medical model in their beliefs about the time‐course of hypertension (believed hypertension was intermittent); causes of hypertension (believed stress, racism, pollution, and poverty were the important causes); symptoms of hypertension (believed hypertension was primarily present when symptomatic); and treatments for hypertension (preferred alternative treatments that reduced stress over prescription medications). Participants distrusted clinicians who prioritized medications that did not directly address their understanding of the causes or symptoms of hypertension. Patients’ models of understanding chronic asymptomatic illnesses such as hypertension challenge the legitimacy of lifelong, pill‐centered treatment. Listening to patients’ beliefs about hypertension may increase trust, improve communication, and encourage better self‐management of hypertension.
Identifying and Aligning Expectations in a Mentoring Relationship
Authors: Huskins W. Charles , Silet Karin , Weber‐Main Anne Marie , Begg Melissa D. , Fowler, Jr Vance G. , Hamilton John , Fleming Michael
Published: November 2011

The mentoring relationship between a scholar and their primary mentor is a core feature of research training. Anecdotal evidence suggests this relationship is adversely affected when scholar and mentor expectations are not aligned. We examined three questions: (1) What is the value in assuring that the expectations of scholars and mentors are mutually identified and aligned? (2) What types of programmatic interventions facilitate this process? (3) What types of expectations are important to identify and align? We addressed these questions through a systematic literature review, focus group interviews of mentors and scholars, a survey of Clinical and Translational Science Award (CTSA) KL2 program directors, and review of formal programmatic mechanisms used by KL2 programs. We found broad support for the importance of identifying and aligning the expectations of scholars and mentors and evidence that mentoring contracts, agreements, and training programs facilitate this process. These tools focus on aligning expectations with respect to the scholar’s research, education, professional development and career advancement as well as support, communication, and personal conduct and interpersonal relations. Research is needed to assess test the efficacy of formal alignment activities. Clin Trans Sci 2011; Volume 4: 439–447
Heat Transfer Between Colliding Surfaces and Particles
Authors: Li Like , Mei Renwei , Klausner James F. , Hahn David W.
Published: November 2011

Collisional heat transfer between two contacting curved surfaces is investigated computationally using a finite difference method and analytically using various asymptotic methods. Transformed coordinates that scale with the contact radius and the diffusion length are used for the computations. Hertzian contact theory of elasticity is used to characterize the contact area as a function of time. For an axisymmetric contact area, a two-dimensional self-similar solution for the thermal field during the initial period of contact is obtained, and it serves as an initial condition for the heat transfer simulation throughout the entire duration of collision. A two-dimensional asymptotic heat transfer result is obtained for small Fourier number. For finite Fourier numbers, local analytical solutions are presented to elucidate the nature of the singularity of the thermal field and heat flux near the contact point. From the computationally determined heat transfer during the collision, a closed-form formula is developed to predict the heat transfer as a function of the Fourier number, the thermal diffusivity ratio, and the thermal conductivity ratio of the impacting particles.
AN APPROXIMATE SOLUTION OF THE DIRAC EQUATION FOR HYPERBOLIC SCALAR AND VECTOR POTENTIALS AND A COULOMB TENSOR INTERACTION BY SUSYQM
Authors: HASSANABADI H. , MAGHSOODI E. , ZARRINKAMAR S. , RAHIMOV H.
Published: November 2011

Based on the significant role of spin and pseudospin symmetries in hadron and nuclear spectroscopy, we have investigated Dirac equation under scalar and vector potentials of cotangent hyperbolic form besides a Coulomb tensor interaction via an approximate analytical scheme. The considered potential for small potential parameter resembles the well-established Kratzer potential. In addition, we see how the tensor term removes the degeneracy of doublets. After an acceptable approximation, namely a Pekeris-type one, we see that the problem is simply solved via the quantum mechanical idea of supersymmetry without having to deal with the cumbersome, complicated and time-consuming numerical programming.
NONPERTURBATIVE SOLUTIONS IN THE ELECTROWEAK THEORY WITH $\bar t t$ CONDENSATE AND THE t-QUARK MASS
Authors: ARBUZOV BORIS A. , ZAITSEV IVAN V.
Published: November 2011

We apply Bogoliubov compensation principle to the gauge electroweak interaction. The nontrivial solution of compensation equations for anomalous three-boson gauge invariant effective interaction uniquely defines its form-factor and parameters of the theory including value of gauge electroweak coupling [Formula: see text] in satisfactory agreement with the experimental value. A possibility of spontaneous generation of effective four-fermion interaction of heavy quarks is demonstrated. This interaction defines an equation for a scalar bound state of heavy quarks which serve as a substitute for the elementary scalar Higgs doublet. As a result we calculate the t-quark mass mt = 177 GeV in satisfactory agreement with the experimental value. The results strongly support idea of [Formula: see text] condensate as a source of the electroweak symmetry breaking. The approach predicts heavy composite Higgs scalar MH ≃ 1800 GeV .
Current and emerging approaches to define intestinal epithelium-specific transcriptional networks
Authors: Olsen Anders Krüger , Boyd Mette , Danielsen Erik Thomas , Troelsen Jesper Thorvald
Published: November 2011

Upon developmental or environmental cues, the composition of transcription factors in a transcriptional regulatory network is deeply implicated in controlling the signature of the gene expression and thereby specifies the cell or tissue type. Novel methods including ChIP-chip and ChIP-Seq have been applied to analyze known transcription factors and their interacting regulatory DNA elements in the intestine. The intestine is an example of a dynamic tissue where stem cells in the crypt proliferate and undergo a differentiation process toward the villus. During this differentiation process, specific regulatory networks of transcription factors are activated to target specific genes, which determine the intestinal cell fate. The expanding genomewide mapping of transcription factor binding sites and construction of transcriptional regulatory networks provide new insight into how intestinal differentiation occurs. This review summarizes the current overview of the transcriptional regulatory networks driving epithelial differentiation in adult intestine. The novel technologies that have been implied to study these networks are presented and their prospects for implications in future research are also addressed.
A Noncanonical Flt3ITD/NF-κB Signaling Pathway Represses DAPK1 in Acute Myeloid Leukemia
Authors: Shanmugam Rajasubramaniam , Gade Padmaja , Wilson-Weekes Annique , Sayar Hamid , Suvannasankha Attaya , Goswami Chirayu , Li Lang , Gupta Sushil , Cardoso Angelo A. , Al Baghdadi Tareq , Sargent Katie J. , Cripe Larry D. , Kalvakolanu Dhananjaya V. , Boswell H. Scott
Published: November 2011

Purpose: Death-associated protein kinase 1 (DAPK1), a tumor suppressor, is a rate-limiting effector in an endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress-dependent apoptotic pathway. Its expression is epigenetically suppressed in several tumors. A mechanistic basis for epigenetic/transcriptional repression of DAPK1 was investigated in certain forms of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) with poor prognosis, which lacked ER stress-induced apoptosis.

Experimental Design: Heterogeneous primary AMLs were screened to identify a subgroup with Flt3ITD in which repression of DAPK1, among NF-κB–and c-Jun–responsive genes, was studied. RNA interference knockdown studies were carried out in an Flt3ITD+ cell line, MV-4-11, to establish genetic epistasis in the pathway Flt3ITD–TAK1–DAPK1 repression, and chromatin immunoprecipitations were carried out to identify proximate effector proteins, including TAK1-activated p52NF-κB, at the DAPK1 locus.

Results: AMLs characterized by normal karyotype with Flt3ITD were found to have 10- to 100-fold lower DAPK1 transcripts normalized to the expression of c-Jun, a transcriptional activator of DAPK1, as compared with a heterogeneous cytogenetic category. In addition, Meis1, a c-Jun-responsive adverse AML prognostic gene signature was measured as control. These Flt3ITD+ AMLs overexpress relB, a transcriptional repressor, which forms active heterodimers with p52NF-κB. Chromatin immunoprecipitation assays identified p52NF-κB binding to the DAPK1 promoter together with histone deacetylase 2 (HDAC2) and HDAC6 in the Flt3ITD+ human AML cell line MV-4-11. Knockdown of p52NF-κB or its upstream regulator, NF-κB–inducing kinase (NIK), de-repressed DAPK1. DAPK1-repressed primary Flt3ITD+ AMLs had selective nuclear activation of p52NF-κB.

Conclusions: Flt3ITD promotes a noncanonical pathway via TAK1 and p52NF-κB to suppress DAPK1 in association with HDACs, which explains DAPK1 repression in Flt3ITD+ AML. Clin Cancer Res; 18(2); 360–9. ©2011 AACR.