bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Very Low Seroprevalence of Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome among Backyard Pigs in Leyte Province and Factors associated with S/P Ratios
Authors:   Department of Veterinary Paraclinical Sciences, Visayas State University, Baybay City, 6521 Philippines, Olana Kenny Oriel A. , Baldrias Loinda R. ,   College of Veterinary Medicine, University of the Philippines Los Baños, College, Laguna 4031 Philippines
Published: September 2023

orcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome (PRRS) is a viral disease that causes significant production and economic losses to swine raisers. To estimate the seroprevalence of PRRS in pigs from the backyard and small-hold farms in the province of Leyte, Philippines, a total of 384 pigs were sampled at random from 11 localities and their sera were tested for PRRS antibody using indirect enzyme-linked immunoassay. Univariable and multivariable regression analyses were performed to determine the factors associated with the S/P ratios. Results revealed that the true seroprevalence for PRRS in backyard pigs was 0.28% (0.0001 to 0.0155, 95% CI) and the true herd-level seroprevalence was 1.02% (0.0005 to 0.1588, 95% CI). Factors significantly associated with the S/P ratios were: Large White (breed) (adjusted β = 0.22, p = 0.0014), the presence of goats (adjusted β = -0.63, p < 0.0001) in farm vicinity, disposing wastes to bodies of water (adjusted β = 0.27, p < 0.0001) and separating sick animals (adjusted β = 0.34, p < 0.0001). The very low seroprevalence in the backyard and small-hold pig farms may indicate a low prevalence of PRRS in the province. Practices in backyard farms like disposing of pig wastes to water bodies and separating or moving sick animals were present and may promote the spread of the virus and pose higher risks when future disease outbreaks occur. It is recommended that the government impose proper waste management on backyard swine farms to prevent the spread of PRRS and other economically important swine diseases.
Neutrosophic MARCOS in Decision Making on Smart Manufacturing System
Authors: Martin Nivetha , Broumi Said , Sudha S. , Priya R.
Published: September 2023

Business firms prefer software-based smart manufacturing systems to monitor and supervise all production activities in a decentralized manner. The choice of software decides the degree of manufacturing robustness. This paper proposes a neutrosophic-based MARCOS (Measurement of Alternatives and Ranking according to COmpromise Solution) method of MCDM with single-valued triangular neutrosophic numbers to solve the software selection problem. The proposed neutrosophic method is applied to hypothetical data to test the efficacy of the method. The results obtained using the proposed method are compared with crisp, fuzzy, and intuitionistic data representations, and suitable inferences are acquired.  The proposed method has several industrial implications and it has several scopes of applying to other decision-making scenarios with real data sets.
Neutrosophic MCDM Methodology for Assessment Risks of Cyber Security in Power Management
Authors: AbdelMouty Ahmed M. , Abdel-Monem Ahmed
Published: September 2023

Every day, new reports of cyberattacks on interconnected control systems emerge. The vulnerability of their communication mechanism makes similar control systems a target for malicious outsiders. Protecting sensitive data and maintaining network reliability and availability are two of the main reasons why network security is so important. Strong and dependable network security strategies use a number of safeguards to protect users and businesses from malware and cyber assaults like distributed denial of service. A safety analysis is an essential step that must precede the introduction of any security measures. There hasn't been much experience with cyberattacks on power control systems yet, therefore it's important to develop a method for thoroughly assessing the safety of power control technologies used in data transmission systems. A prior study has identified the authority control process evaluation of security and the safety level of each control stage as two of the primary obstacles to effective security assessment. For this reason, this article provides a safety risk evaluation of the communication networks of power management and control technologies (PMCT) using the neutrosophic Evaluation Based on Distance from Average Solution (EDAS) method. A prime instance of a multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) issue is used to solve the security risk assessment in the power system. In this study, we offer an interval-valued neutrosophic version of the EDAS approach for solving the MCDM issue. The neutrosophic EDAS method is used to rank and assess the security risks in power system.
Inspection Assignment Form for Product Quality Control Using Neutrosophic Logic
Authors: Jdid Maissam , Smarandache Florentin , Broumi Said
Published: September 2023

During the production process, production companies need to monitor the finished products and ensure their quality, which imposes on them the appointment of inspectors for auditing, and this appointment costs the company amounts that affect the general profit, so it strives to make this cost as low as possible and that the audit process is carried out with high accuracy because in case that the finished products do not conform to the basic specifications of the product, the company is required to pay a fine.  In this research, we will formulate the text of the problem appropriately for such a case and then we will build the appropriate mathematical model through which we can obtain the lowest possible cost of inspection, and we will present the study using classical values and neutrosophic values, and we will demonstrate them through an example that shows us the difference between them.
A Neutrosophic Framework for Assessment of Distributed Circular Water to Give Neighborhoods Analysis to Prepare for Unexpected Stressor Events
Authors: Abouhawwash Mohamed , Jameel Mohammed , Askar Sameh S.
Published: September 2023

The global water issue is caused by a number of factors, including extreme weather, population increase, and industrial activity. One of the reasons we're running out of water as a planet is because of the outdated take-make-use-throw-away linear paradigm of handling water. It has been suggested that the circular economy may help alleviate water shortages by inspiring a fundamental change in municipal water infrastructure. Reduced consumption, recovered natural resources, and minimal waste are the three pillars of a circular water supply. A dispersed water supply is more adaptable and robust than a centralized one because it gives communities more time to be ready for emergencies. Nonetheless, there have been no extensive studies of the most important elements that influence the choice to build distributed water supplies. In order to better inform the planning process, this research seeks to identify critical selection factors that influence the evaluation of viable choices. This study proposed the triangular neutrosophic set with the Decision-Making Trial and Evaluation Laboratory (DEMATEL) method to compute the weights of criteria. The neutrosophic set is used to deal with uncertain data.
Neutrosophic MCDM Methodology for Risk Assessment of Autonomous Underwater Vehicles
Authors: Mohamed Shimaa S. , Abdel-Monem Ahmed , Tantawy Alshaimaa A.
Published: September 2023

Due to its usefulness in several industries and the military, researchers have concentrated on developing autonomous underwater vehicles (AUVs). However, AUV navigation continues to be a difficult challenge to solve owing to the variety of underwater settings. The usage of AUVs, or autonomous underwater vehicles, is not without dangers like malfunction, ecological risks, loss of communications, cybersecurity risks, collisions, and others. There are many criteria to assess these risks technical, operational, economic, and regulatory. So, the methods of multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) is used to deal with these various criteria. The analytical hierarchy process (AHP) method is an MCDM methodology, that can be used to compute the weights of criteria. The AHP is integrated with the single-valued neutrosophic set (SVNS) to deal with uncertain data in the assessment process. The risks of AUVs are ranked after computing the weights of the criteria. The results show that malfunctions are the highest risk.
New Types of Soft Sets” HyperSoft Set, IndetermSoft Set, IndetermHyperSoft Set, and TreeSoft Set”: An Improved Version
Authors: Smarandache Florentin
Published: September 2023

This is an improved paper of [10], where we recall the definitions together with practical applications of the Soft Set and its extensions to HyperSoft Set, IndetermSoft Set, IndetermHyperSoft Set, and TreeSoft Set.
Toward Energy Transformation: Intelligent Decision-Making Model Based on Uncertainty Neutrosophic Theory
Authors: Mohamed Mona , El-Saber Nissreen
Published: September 2023

There has been an increasing tendency for the generation of energy from diverse renewable resources because of the application of contemporary pollution mitigation and justification regulations. Precisely a consequence, choosing the best renewable energy source might be considered a challenging issue given the complexity of the future conditions in any society. Environmental, economic, social, and technical aspects are merely some of the factors that are taken into consideration while evaluating renewable energy sources (RnESs). The suitable RES selection problem, which relies on ambiguous and imprecise data, is also influenced by a variety of circumstances. Hence, this study constructs multi-stages intelligent decision-making model (MsIDMM) based on multi-criteria decision making (MCDM) with support with neutrosophic theory especially, interval valued neutrosophic sets to rank the sources of renewable energy. Ultimately, combinative distance-based assessment (CODAS) method under interval-valued neutrosophic sets is used to rank the sources of renewable energy.
Uso de Tableros de Diagnóstico para Detectar Imperfecciones en el Cableado Eléctrico de Equipos de Prueba
Authors: Díaz Cruz Mariana
Published: September 2023

Este estudio se llevó a cabo en una empresa dedicada a la manufactura de dispositivos de iluminación, con el objetivo de reducir los tiempos de búsqueda de desperfectos en el cableado de equipos de prueba. Para ello, se implementó un banco de resistencias conocido como "Tablero de Diagnóstico" junto con un equipo de alto potencial (HIPOT). El tablero de diagnóstico permite medir fugas de corriente, generadas mediante la aplicación de alto voltaje, para determinar si el cableado presenta imperfecciones o desperfectos. La creación del tablero de diagnóstico se basó en cálculos matemáticos para seleccionar los valores de resistencias y voltajes adecuados. Para evaluar la factibilidad de su uso, se utilizó el software estadístico Minitab. Los resultados demostraron que al aplicar un voltaje determinado a través de una resistencia, y al generar una fuga de corriente, es posible determinar la presencia de imperfecciones en el cableado eléctrico de un equipo de prueba. Esto se confirmó mediante un análisis estadístico, que respalda la fiabilidad de los tableros de diagnóstico como una herramienta de soporte confiable para su implementación en empresas privadas.
Scaling Up, Scaling Down
Authors: Crichlow Camille
Published: September 2023

This article explores the shifting perceptual scales of racial epistemology and anti-blackness in predictive policing technology. Following Paul Gilroy, I argue that the historical production of racism and anti-blackness has always been deeply entwined with questions of scale and perception. Where racialisation was once bound to the anatomical scale of the body, Thao Than and Scott Wark’s conceptualisation of “racial formations as data formations” inform insights into the ways in which “race”, or its 21st century successor, is increasingly being produced as a cultivation of post-visual, data-driven abstractions. I build upon analysis of this phenomena in the context of predictive policing, where analytically derived “patrol zones” produce virtual barriers that divide civilian from suspect. Beyond a “garbage in, garbage out” critique, I explore the ways in which predictive policing instils racialisation as an epiphenomenon of data-generated proxies. By way of conclusion, I analyse American Artist’s 21-minute video installation 2015 (2019), which depicts the point of view of a police patrol car equipped with a predictive policing device, to parse the scales upon which algorithmic regimes of racial domination are produced and resisted.
Spirit Tactics
Authors: (xenodata co-operative)  , Anikina Alexandra , Keskintepe Yasemin
Published: September 2023

Speculative narratives of (techno)magic such as those offered by feminist technoscience, cyberwitches and techno-shamanism come from knowledge systems long marginalised in a hyper-optimised and hard-science-reliant capitalist discourse. Aiming to de-centre Western rational imaginaries of technology, they speak from decolonial and translocal perspectives, in which the relations between humans and technology are reconfigured in terms of care, relationality and multiplicity of epistemic positions. In this paper, we consider (techno)magic as an act of transgressing a knowledge system plus relational ethics plus capacity to act beyond the constraints of the current capitalist belief system. (Techno)magic is about disentangling from commodified forms of belief and knowledge and instead cultivating solidarity, relationality, common spaces and trust with non-humans: becoming-familiar with the machine. What critical approaches, epistemic and aesthetic procedures do these speculative practices enable in media art and resistant tech? In what ways does “magic” act as an alternative political imaginary in the age of hegemonic Western epistemologies? Drawing on feminist STS and the works of artists such as Choy Ka Fai, Omsk Social Club, Ian Cheng, Suzanne Treister and others, we propose to address (techno)magic seriously as an ethical and epistemic practice.
The Bigger the Better?
Authors: Förster Susanne
Published: September 2023

This article looks at a controversy over the ‘better’ architecture for conversational AI that unfolds initially along the question of the ‘right’ size of models. Current generative models such as ChatGPT and DALL-E follow the imperative of the largest possible, ever more highly scalable, training dataset. I therefore first describe the technical structure of large language models and then address the problems of these models which are known for reproducing societal biases or so-called hallucinations. As an ‘alternative’, computer scientists and AI experts call for the development of much smaller language models linked to external databases, that should minimize the issues mentioned above. As this paper will show, the presentation of this structure as ‘alternative’ adheres to a simplistic juxtaposition of different architectures that follows the imperative of a computable reality, thereby causing problems analogous to the ones it tried to circumvent.
Towards DAOs of Difference
Authors: Gloerich Inte
Published: September 2023

With this article, I explore the connections between blockchain technology, coloniality, and decolonial practices. Drawing on Sylvia Wynter’s thought on the interdependent systems of colonialism, capitalism, and knowledge, as well as more recent work on the coloniality of digital technologies, I argue that blockchain-based systems reproduce certain dynamics at work in historical colonialism. Additionally, Wynter’s decolonial propositions provide a generative framework to understand countercultural practices with. Inspired by Wynter, Patricia de Vries explores the notion of “plot work as artistic praxis” to ask how artistic work, implicated as it is in capitalist logics, can create space for relating differently in the context of the exploitations of those dominant logics. I apply this notion to examine how Decentralised Autonomous Organisations (DAOs) in the countercultural blockchain space might contribute to this praxis.
Des circuits courts à la sécurité sociale de l’alimentation : économies concrètes et récit politique pour la solidarité alimentaire
Authors: Chiffoleau Yuna , Akermann Grégori , Paturel Dominique , Noël Julien
Published: September 2023

Les inégalités d’accès à une alimentation de qualité sont un marqueur des sociétés contemporaines. En les confirmant, la crise de la COVID-19 a aussi donné plus de visibilité aux initiatives de solidarité alimentaire visant à réduire ces inégalités, en s’appuyant notamment sur les circuits courts et l’alimentation locale. Dans cet article, après avoir présenté les deux principales approches de ces initiatives dans la littérature, nous proposons un cadre d’analyse interdisciplinaire qui nous permet de les interroger en tant qu’économies concrètes, encastrées dans des relations sociales, ancrées dans les territoires et participatives, façonnées en partie à travers leurs relations avec les politiques publiques. Nous appliquons ce cadre à une large gamme d’initiatives recensées en France en 2020, et montrons ainsi une diversité de stratégies mises en oeuvre en vue de faciliter l’accès des personnes précaires à une alimentation de qualité, tout en soulignant les difficultés associées. Si combiner certaines stratégies peut aider à toucher plus de personnes précaires, les initiatives de solidarité alimentaire n’ont pas la capacité de permettre à tous d’accéder à une alimentation de qualité. Nous concluons alors sur la perspective universaliste ouverte par le projet de sécurité sociale de l’alimentation, en tant que récit politique fédérant une diversité d’acteurs et d’initiatives, mais suscitant aussi des débats, à l’échelle nationale et à travers des expérimentations locales.
Career guidance in the Belgorod region
Authors: Altynnik Natal'ya Igorevna
Published: September 2023

Vocational guidance within the framework of educational activities is an extremely relevant area of work. This activity is regulated by both Federal Laws and regional regulations. In this paper, we analyzed the main methods for the development of career guidance activities. On the example of the Belgorod region, we determined which of these techniques work and what results they give. There are various vocational guidance centers in the region that assist schoolchildren and students in choosing a profession, providing information on the labor market, training and employment opportunities. However, despite the results achieved, there are still a number of challenges and problems that need to be addressed. One of these problems is the lack of information about the labor market in the region for specific professions, which makes it difficult to choose a future profession. The paper shows, taking into account trends in the labor market and the socio-economic situation in the Belgorod region, career guidance activities have great potential for development and improvement.
Identification and expression analysis of the small auxin-up RNA (SAUR) gene family in Lycium ruthenicum
Authors: Hu Jing , Yu Qiushi , Jiang Shengxiu , Hu Xiaoke , Li Xuemin , Liu Zhongchao
Published: September 2023

The plant hormone auxin regulates numerous aspects of plant growth and development, and small auxin-up RNA (SAUR) is the largest family of early auxin response genes in higher plants. SAUR has been implicated in the regulation of multiple biological processes. However, no comprehensive analysis of SAUR genes has been reported in Lycium ruthenicum. L. ruthenicum is a thorny shrub with very pronounced salt and drought tolerance, and studies have shown that stem thorns are related to drought tolerance in L. ruthenicum. In this study, the identification, phylogenetic analysis, and conserved motif prediction of SAUR genes were extensively explored. Furthermore, the tissue expression patterns of selected SAUR genes were assayed with quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR). A total of 33 putative LrSAURs were identified and divided into three clusters in a phylogenetic tree of L. ruthenicum. MEME analysis identified 10 motifs in L. ruthenicum, and the results suggested that motif 1 and motif 3 were widely distributed. Analyzing the transcriptome data of stem thorns at four developmental stages indicated that LrSAURs were differentially expressed in L. ruthenicum, and could be divided into six expression patterns. The RT-qPCR analysis of 21 genes showed that LrSAUR2, LrSAUR8, LrSAUR9, LrSAUR11, LrSAUR12, and LrSAUR19 were mainly expressed in stems and stem thorns, and may be related to stem thorn development.
Management Strategies for Overcrowding in Emergency Medicine Department: A Narrative Review
Authors: Singh Rajiv Ratan , Yadav Pradeep Kumar , Yadav Shobhna
Published: September 2023

Emergency Medicine Departments (EMDs) are one of the busiest hospital departments in the world, as they are typically the first point of contact for health emergencies and are designed and resourced to manage them. However, due to their potential overflow, EMDs contribute to overcrowding. Overcrowding in the Emergency Department (ED) of hospitals can harm hospitals financially and have negative impacts on patient care, such as lengthening waiting times, diverting ambulances, increasing length of stays, raising medical errors, and elevating patient mortality rates. The COVID-19 pandemic has exacerbated the critical situation for EMDs, making it imperative to reduce overcrowding and improve EMD efficiency for patient welfare and safety during this pandemic. Controlling overcrowding should be carried out by the authorities responsible for regulations. This review discusses the effects of EMD crowding on patients’ health status and explores potential solutions through strategic management, including executive leadership involvement, hospital-wide coordination strategies, data-driven management, and performance accountability
The Impact of the Covid-19 Pandemic on Assertive Community Treatment Team Functions, Clinical Services, and Observable Outcomes—A Provincial Survey in Ontario, Canada
Authors: Kassam Aly , Beder Michaela , Maher John , Sediqzadah Saadia , Kirwan Nicole , Ritts Madeleine , Levy Matthew , Law Samuel
Published: September 2023

Assertive Community Treatment (ACT) teams provide the most intensive care for patients with serious mental illness. This online study surveyed the 88 ACT and Flexible ACT (FACT) teams in Ontario, Canada (144/232 surveys, 62.1%) during the height of Covid-19 in 2021, and qualitative thematic analysis on impact of team function and patient outcome showed challenges of teams switching to virtual care, reduced psychosocial services, division to smaller groups, staff redeployment, having unequal compensations, and exacerbated regional differences; there were also increased patient stress, loneliness, hospital and ER visits, substance use and related deaths, and police/crisis team involvement. There was limited morbidity related to actual Covid-19; and positive adaptations included observed independence and resilience, increased interdependence with community partners, and new communication formats.
Self-Polymerization Reaction of Epoxidized Oleic Acid: Kinetic and Product Characterization
Authors: Sawitri Dyah Retno , Mulyono Panut , Rochmadi Rochmadi , Budiman Arief
Published: September 2023

Epoxidized oleic acid can be transformed into vegetable oil-based polyesters through a self-polymerization reaction. This study aims to develop the kinetic model for the polymerization reaction between epoxide and carboxyl groups and the product characterization regarding its functional groups, molecular weight, and thermal stability. The polymerization reaction was carried out at the temperature of 120–180 °C for 2–6 h with the highest conversion of oxirane number up to 97%. Kinetic study showed one-step reaction model between oxirane and carboxylic group gives the activation energy value of 34.71 kJ/mol. Furthermore, the two simultaneous reaction model with further reaction between oxirane group and hydroxyl group also taken into account. The later provides a better agreement between the experimental data and the calculated conversion value. The activation energy values in the first and second steps are 38.61 and 26.00 kJ/mol, respectively. The product characterization showed that adding adipic acid did not significantly affect the polymer's molecular weight and thermal stability. The polydisperse characteristics of the poly(oleic acid) produced in this study enable poly(oleic acid) to be used as a lubricant, a polymer additive, or a precursor to produce polymers with higher molecular weights by taking advantage of the accessibility of OH groups. Copyright © 2023 by Authors, Published by BCREC Group. This is an open access article under the CC BY-SA License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0).
Frequency of Screening for Colorectal Cancer by Predicted Life Expectancy Among Adults 76-85 Years
Authors: Deardorff W. James , Lu Kaiwei , Jing Bocheng , Jeon Sun Y. , Boscardin W. John , Fung Kathy Z. , Lee Sei J.
Published: September 2023

This study assesses whether colorectal cancer screening varied by predicted life expectancy in a national sample of Veterans Affairs patients aged 76 to 85 years.
Anti‐CD20 monoclonal antibody therapy in postpartum women with neurological conditions
Authors: Anderson Annika , Rowles William , Poole Shane , Balan Ayushi , Bevan Carolyn , Brandstadter Rachel , Ciplea Andrea I. , Cooper Joanna , Fabian Michelle , Hale Thomas W. , Jacobs Dina , Kakara Mihir , Krysko Kristen M. , Longbrake Erin E. , Marcus Jacqueline , Repovic Pavle , Riley Claire S. , Romeo Andrew R. , Rutatangwa Alice , West Timothy , Hellwig Kerstin , LaHue Sara C. , Bove Riley
Published: September 2023

Objective

Postpartum, patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) and neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD) have increased risk for disease activity. Anti‐CD20 IgG1 monoclonal antibodies (mAb) are increasingly used as disease‐modifying therapies (DMTs). Patients may wish to both breastfeed and resume DMT postpartum. This study aimed to determine the transfer of anti‐CD20 IgG1 mAbs, ocrelizumab, and rituximab (OCR/RTX), into mature breastmilk and describe maternal and infant outcomes.

Methods

Fifty‐seven cis‐women receiving OCR/RTX after 59 pregnancies and their infants were enrolled and followed up to 12M postpartum or 90 days post‐infusion. Breastmilk was collected pre‐infusion and serially up to 90 days and assayed for mAb concentration. Medical records and patients' questionnaire responses were obtained to assess neurologic, breastfeeding, and infant development outcomes.

Results

The median average concentration of mAb in breastmilk was low (OCR: 0.08 μg/mL, range 0.05–0.4; RTX: 0.03 μg/mL, range 0.005–0.3). Concentration peaked 1–7 days post‐infusion in most (77%) and was nearly undetectable after 90 days. Median average relative infant dose was <1% (OCR: 0.1%, range 0.07–0.7; RTX: 0.04%, range 0.005–0.3). Forty‐three participants continued to breastfeed post‐infusion. At 8–12 months, the proportion of infants' growth between the 3rd and 97th World Health Organization percentiles did not differ for breastfed (36/40) and non‐breastfed (14/16, p > 0.05) infants; neither did the proportion with normal development (breastfed: 37/41, non‐breastfed: 11/13; p > 0.05). After postpartum infusion, two mothers experienced a clinical relapse.

Interpretation

These confirm minimal transfer of mAb into breastmilk. Anti‐CD20 mAb therapy stabilizes MS activity before conception to the postpartum period, and postpartum treatments appears to be safe and well‐tolerated for both mother and infant.
Monoanionic Phosphorus‐Supported Air Stable Cu(I)8, Ag(I)7, and Ag(I)5 Nanoclusters Exhibiting TADF: A Novel Photocatalyst for Stereoselective Carbene Transfer Reactions
Authors: Nag Ekta , Patra Asutosh , Francis Maria , Patra Usharani , Roy Sudipta
Published: September 2023

Applications of structurally well‐defined coinage‐metal nanoclusters (NCs) as optoelectronic materials and homogeneous catalysts have been restricted due to their inherent lower stability. Herein, the syntheses, structural characterizations, and photoluminescence properties of three novel air‐stable coinage‐metal(I) NCs‐supported by carbene‐anchored monoanionic phosphorus (cAAC=P−) with molecular formulae [(Cy‐cAACP)4(Cu)4(CuCl)4] (4), [(Cy‐cAACP)4(Ag)4(AgOTf)3] (5), and [(Cy‐cAACP)4(Ag)5]NTf2 (6) (cAAC = cyclic alkyl(amino) carbene; Tf = CF3SO2) exhibiting thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) are reported. Apart from attractive metallophilic interactions [M─M; M ═ Cu, Ag], the enhanced kinetic and thermodynamic stability of 4–6 can be attributed to the excellent π‐accepting ability of cAAC=P− surrounding the metallic cores. cAAC=P− anion is generated either in situ by anion‐induced cleavage of P−Sb/B bonds of corresponding stibanyl/boryl phosphaalkenes in the presence of coinage‐metal(I)‐Cl/OTf/NTf2 salts or by directly introducing alkali‐metal phosphinidenide. The TADF properties of 4–6 are established by smaller energy gaps between the lowest singlet excited state and triplet excited state. In solid‐state, the delayed fluorescence lifetimes of 4–6 are found to be in the microsecond range with absolute photoluminescence quantum yields up to 20%. The redox‐active Cu(I)8 NC 4 is successfully exploited as an efficient photo‐catalyst for the selective carbene transfer reaction at ambient conditions, affording cyclopropanated indoles/styrenes with excellent yields and diastereoselectivity.
Customization and Information Encoding of Longitudinally Polarized Light Fields
Authors: Wang Qiang , Tu Chenghou , Zhao Jia-Hao , Zhang Xuan , Wu Zheng-Quan , Wang Ming-Yu , Li Yongnan , Wang Hui-Tian
Published: September 2023

The tightly focused structured light field displays a non‐negligible component of the electric field in the direction of propagation, i.e., the longitudinal light field. The longitudinal light field results in various novel optical phenomena, such as transverse spin angular momentum and 3D topological light fields. However, it remains a challenge to generate customized longitudinal light fields. Here, based on inverse design theory, the longitudinal light field can be customized on demand under the tightly focusing condition, which allows to generate the longitudinal light field with controllable structured distribution for propagating waves or manipulate the complex structures for all the three components of the electric field. In experiment, an experimental system is built integrating the generation, customization, and detection of structured longitudinal light field, and the customization of the longitudinal light fields with various patterns is experimentally realized. The customized longitudinal light field structures may find applications such as information encoding, long‐distance light manipulation, and novel light–matter interactions. As an example, information encoding is realized by the structured longitudinal light fields.
Machine Embroidery Enclosure for Stretchable Fiber Optic Respiration Sensor
Authors: Jo Jeyeon , Park Heeju T.
Published: September 2023

Developing an unobtrusive respiration sensor is a key task for daily health and safety monitoring, especially for individuals with potential breathing abnormalities or those performing in physically challenging conditions. This study introduces a machine‐embroidered enclosure that guides a soft and extensible lightguide to react to the strains on a compression shirt caused by the respiration of the wearer. The shape of the stretchable optical fiber changes from serpentine in rest (exhalation) to straight under strain (inhalation), which affects the light transmittance. In tests with 13 healthy adults, the respiratory volume prediction through a deep learning model trained by the light intensity and truth from a commercial spirometer shows a high correlation in both static (r2 > 0.880) and dynamic postures (r2 > 0.690). This system also accurately measures the respiratory rate under sitting and walking conditions (absolute error <1.513 BPM, SNR > 7.122 dB). The strain‐sensing capability of this sensor depends on the parameters of the embroidery, including the stitch density, stitch tightness, and embroidery shape. Durability tests confirm that the system still functions after 100 000 abrasions and 10 cold washes.
Race and premium misrating in the U.S. Federal Crop Insurance Program
Authors: Teal Jim , Stevens Andrew W.
Published: September 2023

USDA farm support programs have an established history of racial discrimination. Today, the Federal Crop Insurance Program is among the largest and most important programs available to U.S. farmers. Previous research has documented systematic misrating of crop insurance premiums with sizable welfare implications. In this paper, we explore whether producer race measured at the county level has explanatory power in a model of crop insurance misrating. We find that in some cases it does, raising concerns about the possibilities of racially discriminatory impacts of the RMA's rate‐setting methodology. Further research is needed to isolate the mechanisms that explain our findings.
Influence of particle z‐potential and experimental procedure on protein corona formation and multicomponent aggregation
Authors: López Ruiz Aida , Xiao Mengyuan , Sathya Asmitha , Piccininni Nicole , Liu Guangliang , Siddiq Noshin , Chen Hao , McEnnis Kathleen
Published: September 2023

Drug delivery systems have renewed attention in recent years to achieve targeted delivery while decreasing toxic side effects. However, there are many factors that prevent optimal administration of drug delivery particles. For instance, protein corona formation and aggregation both decrease the circulation half‐life of drug delivery particles, leading to sequestration to the liver and spleen. Therefore, optimal surface modifications are needed to decrease protein corona formation and avoid aggregation. In this work, polystyrene particles were modified with multi‐arm and linear polyethylene glycol (PEG) to determine their aggregation profiles and protein corona formation. Multi‐arm PEGs were found to aggregate more than linear PEGs, due to the change in zeta potential from unreacted end groups, which may lead to shorter circulation half‐lives. Furthermore, the protein corona formation and composition were studied after different washing procedures, highlighting the importance of studying protein corona formation with undiluted blood plasma.
Bedarfsorientierte Aktivierung der Umesterungsreaktionen durch chemische Verstärkung in dynamischen Thiol‐en Photopolymeren
Authors: Alabiso Walter , Sölle Bernhard , Reisinger David , Guedes de la Cruz Gema , Schmallegger Max , Griesser Thomas , Rossegger Elisabeth , Schlögl Sandra
Published: September 2023

Chemische Verstärkung ist ein etabliertes Konzept in der Photolack‐Technologie, bei dem ein photochemisches Ereignis zu einer Kaskade von Folgereaktionen führt, die eine kontrollierte Veränderung der Löslichkeit eines Polymers ermöglichen. Wir übertragen dieses Konzept auf dynamische Polymernetzwerke, um durch UV‐Bestrahlung sowohl Katalysatoren als auch funktionelle Gruppen freizusetzen, die für Bindungsaustauschreaktionen erforderlich sind. In diesem Zusammenhang wird eine photochemisch erzeugte Säure zur Katalyse der Entschützungsreaktion der säurelabilen tert‐Butoxycarbonylgruppe verwendet, die zur Maskierung der Hydroxygruppen (−OH) eines Vinylmonomers eingesetzt wird. Zusätzlich dient die freigesetzte Säure auch als Katalysator für thermoaktivierte Umesterungen zwischen den entschützten Hydroxyl‐ und Estereinheiten. Eingeführt in ein orthogonal gehärtetes (450 nm) Thiol‐Klick‐Photopolymer, ermöglicht dieser Ansatz eine räumlich‐zeitlich kontrollierte Aktivierung von Bindungsaustauschreaktionen, was angesichts des Kompromisses zwischen Kriechbeständigkeit und Fließfähigkeit dynamischer Polymernetzwerke von entscheidender Bedeutung ist.
Unveiling the bioactive potential of Pimpinella anisum L. leaf extracts: Chromatographic profiling, antimicrobial efficiency, and cytotoxicity analysis
Authors: Dawoud Turki , Ameen Fuad
Published: September 2023

In various countries, Pimpinella has been used to cure several diseases for centuries. Therefore, we focus on one of its potent species in this research. The aim of this experimental study was to document the various extracts derived from Pimpinella anisum that can effectively eradicate oral pathogens. In addition, the presence of antioxidants, antimicrobials, and cytotoxicity was determined using chromatographic testing methods. The alkaloid range was from 22.34 ± 043 mg/g, and the saponin range was from 15.1 ± 1.07 mg/g. HPLC analysis showed that the samples contained eight identified phenolic compounds. The antibacterial activity of ethanolic extract exhibited the highest inhibition region against Streptococcus iniae (43 ± 0.6 mm) and the lowest inhibition region against Staphylococcus haemolyticus (19 ± 0.2 mm) in 200 mg/mL of leaf ethanolic extracts. The antifungal activity revealed that ethanol showed the maximum inhibition zone against Aspergillus luchuensis (42.5 ± 0.19 mm) and the minimum inhibition zone against Aspergillus kawachii (15 ± 0.13 mm) in 200 mg/mL. The current study suggested that, after the isolation of individual components, P. anisum be investigated for assessing biological activity. The mixture and various combinations of these compounds may indicate a truly potent agent that is novel in its ability to combat a wide range of bacteria and oral pathogens.
Child marriage and education in the context of a global pandemic: Exploring the gendered implications of COVID‐inspired school closures in Ghana
Authors: Mohammed Abdul‐Rahim
Published: September 2023

This article aims to cast light on the negative but silent effects of the COVID‐19 pandemic on girls' education and welfare in Ghana. Since the pandemic emerged in 2019, unprecedented changes have occurred in ordinary people's health, education and social life. As a response to the pandemic, governments globally implemented social distancing regimes, lockdowns and school closures to curtail the spread of the virus. While this approach did help in curtailing the spread of the pandemic, implementing lockdowns and school closures in Ghana had unintended consequences: they amplified gendered inequalities in access to education. Drawing on one‐on‐one semi‐structured interviews with (i) 10 teachers and one head teacher, 13 parents of child brides, and 11 child brides (aged 15–19), and (ii) Focus group discussions (FGDs) with 15 community leaders in a rural Ghanaian setting (Mion), this article provides empirical evidence to show how the pandemic has disrupted the lives and education of 11 girls. In particular, school closures and rising poverty due to the pandemic led to increased child marriage. These 11 schoolgirls were seen as a burden by their parents, and, consequently, married off to older men as an adverse coping strategy. Furthermore, some of the girls themselves requested to be married, due to rising household chores occasioned by the school closures. Finally, the school closures also offered the community the justification to reactivate deeply held notions about the value of a girl's education as a basis for marrying them off.
Structural Description of Chiral E‐Tiling DNA Nanotubes with the Chiral Indices (n,m) and Handedness Defined by Microscopic Imaging
Authors: Feng Feiyang , Xiao Shou‐Jun
Published: September 2023

In structural DNA nanotechnology, E‐tiling DNA nanotubes are evidenced to be homogeneous in diameter and thus have great potential in biomedical applications such as cellular transport and communication, transmembrane ion/molecule channeling, and drug delivery. However, a precise structural description of chiral DNA nanotubes with chiral parameters was lacking, thus greatly hindering their application breadth and depth, until we recently raised and partly solved this problem. In this perspective, we summarize recent progress in defining the chiral indices and handedness of E‐tiling DNA nanotubes by microscopic imaging, especially atomic force microscopy (AFM) imaging. Such a detailed understanding of the chiral structures of E‐tiling DNA nanotubes will be very helpful in the future, on the one hand for engineering DNA nanostructures precisely, and, on the other, for realizing specific physicochemical properties and biological functions successfully.
Towards the Operational Window for Nitridic and Carbidic Palladium Nanoparticles for Directed Catalysis
Authors: Costley‐Wood Lucy G , Mohammed Khaled , Carravetta Marina , Decarolis Donato , Goguet Alexandre , Kordatos Apostolos , Vakili Reza , Manyar Haresh , McPake Erin , Skylaris Chris‐Kriton , Thompson Paul , Gibson Emma K , Wells Peter P.
Published: September 2023

The reactions under which interstitial structures of Pd form are profoundly important and prevalent in catalysis; the formation and stability of Pd hydride structures are well understood, however, interstitial structures of the carbide and nitride are relatively under explored. This work reports a systematic study of the formation and stability of PdCx and PdNx at elevated temperatures and different atmospheres using in situ Pd L3 edge XANES spectroscopy. These studies were further complemented by the application of 14N MAS‐NMR experiments and computational DFT investigations. The experiments confirmed that PdCx was significantly more stable than PdNx; 14N MAS‐NMR provided direct confirmation on the formation of the nitride, however, the XANES studies evidenced very limited stability under the conditions employed. Moreover, the results suggest that the formation of the nitride imparts some structural changes that are not entirely reversible under the conditions used in these experiments. This work provides important insights into the stability of interstitial structures of Pd and the conditions in which they could be employed for directed catalytic processes.
Theoretical Analysis of Metals Supported on Tungsten Oxide Nanowires (W18O49) for Water Dissociation Reaction
Authors: Karim Nabila A. , Alias Muhammad Syafiq , Mohamad Yunus Rozan , Mastar@Masdar Mohd Shahbudin , Kamarudin Siti Kartom
Published: September 2023

Pt is the cause of the high total cost of fuel cells and electrolyzers, leading to difficult commercialization. Here, various types of metal atoms, i.e., Pt, Pd, Ni, Ir, Ag, and Rh, suitable for catalysts are used and supported by W18O49 nanowires for oxygen evolution reaction (OER) by the density functional theory (DFT) method. Four adsorbate molecules involved in OER were tested on adsorption energy: OH, O, OOH, and OO. Although the adsorption energy of these adsorbate molecules indicates that W18O49 has low adsorption energy, the Gibbs free energy diagram demonstrates that W18O49 has high OER reaction energy. Pt, Pd, Ni, and Rh have the lowest Gibbs energy to initiate the reaction and reasonable Gibbs free energy for other OER reactions. Bimetallic or trimetallic active sites can be developed along with selecting other metals with Pt, Pd, Rh, and Ni to reduce the Gibbs free energy difference for the decomposition of OH to O and OOH to H2O. Ag metal can also be applied as a second or third metal because Ag exhibits a relatively low Gibbs free energy difference in the O to OOH step. A selectivity study of each step on bimetallic and trimetallic active sites needs to be performed.
Inertisierung von Mischern und Anlagen
Authors: Böning Matthias
Published: September 2023

Oxidationsgefährdete Schüttgüter bleiben sehr viel länger haltbar, wenn der oxidierende Luftsauerstoff eliminiert wird. Man kann die Mischgüter im Mischer vakuumieren und anschließend mit einem Inertgas auf den Umgebungsdruck spannen, bevor die Verpackung und Abfüllung stattfindet. In der Praxis wird gerne eine Mischung aus Stickstoff und CO2 Gas verwendet. Der Sauerstoff kann wirkungsvoll aus dem Mischraum verbannt werden, indem die Umgebungsluft evakuiert wird. Das geschieht, wenn der Mischraum mit einem Inertgas mehrfach durchspült wird. Anstelle des Spülens kann der Mischraum auch vakuumiert werden (ggf. auch mehrfach nacheinander) und mit einem Inertgas befüllt werden.
Selective Cleavage of Methylene Linkage in Kraft Lignin over Commercial Zeolite in Isopropanol
Authors: Kong Xiangchen , Liu Chao , Zeng Hongyun , Fan Yuyang , Zhang Huiyan , Xiao Rui
Published: September 2023

Lignin is an aromatic polymer that constitutes over 30 wt% of lignocellulosic biomass and is the most important source of renewable aromatics in nature. The global paper industry generates more than 70 million tons of Kraft lignin annually. Depolymerization of Kraft lignin to value‐added monomers can significantly enhance the profitability of biorefinery. However, the method is impeded by the severe condensation of Kraft lignin during the pulping process, which forms robust C−C bonds and results in low monomer yields. In this study, we present a stepwise approach for producing valuable aromatic monomers from Kraft lignin through the cleavage of both C−O and C−C bonds. The approach initiated with complete cleavage of C−O bonds between lignin units within Kraft lignin through alcoholysis in isopropanol, resulting in a monomer yield of 8.9 %. Subsequently, the selective cleavage of methylene linkages present in the residual dimers and oligomers was achieved with commercial MCM‐41 zeolite in the same pot, proceeding with an additional monomer yield of 4.0 %, thereby increasing the total monomer yield by 45 %. This work provides an avenue for increasing the depolymerization efficiency of Kraft lignin.
Metastasis of solitary fibrous tumor to the parotid gland diagnosed on aspiration cytology supplemented with immunocytochemistry
Authors: Kerkar Aadya , Kundu Reetu , Bhujade Harish , Singh Harmandeep , Dey Pranab
Published: September 2023

Solitary fibrous tumor (SFT) can occur in varied anatomic locations, most commonly being the extremities—superficial and deep soft tissues, followed by retroperitoneum, visceral organs, and the bone. Head and neck region may harbor a few with a predilection for the orbit and sinonasal tract, oral cavity, and rarely the salivary glands. The parotid gland is most involved among all salivary glands. Overall, SFT in salivary glands is rare and mostly seen as a primary tumor. The occurrence of metastasis to the parotid gland is exceedingly uncommon. We present cytological findings of SFT, metastatic to the parotid gland in a young 31‐year‐old lady where the diagnosis was confirmed with the help of immunocytochemistry (ICC) on the cell block. The smears were highly cellular and showed predominantly discrete round to oval tumor cells with mild pleomorphism, coarse chromatin, inconspicuous nucleoli, and scanty cytoplasm. Mitosis and focal areas of necrosis were noted. Lymphoglandular bodies were absent ruling out a non‐Hodgkin lymphoma. Features were of a poorly differentiated malignant tumor with differentials being sarcoma, myoepithelial carcinoma, and carcinoma ex‐pleomorphic adenoma. A panel of ICC was done and positivity for signal transducer and activator of transcription 6 (STAT6) helped in clinching the correct diagnosis of SFT.