bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Synthesis of 3D N-doped graphene/carbon nanotube hybrids with encapsulated Ni NPs and their catalytic application in the hydrogenation of nitroarenes
Authors: Sun Yanyan , Li Xuewen , Cai Zhongshun , Bai Hongzhen , Tang Guping , Hou Zhaoyin
Published: August 2018

A Ni@N-CNTs-GS catalyst prepared via pyrolysis is shown to be active and stable for the hydrogenation of nitroarenes to anilines via a direct route.
Tuning the gate opening pressure of a flexible doubly interpenetrated metal–organic framework through ligand functionalization
Authors: Sun Xiaodong , Ma Yali , Zhao Jun , Li Dong-Sheng , Li Guanghua , Zhang Lirong , Liu Yunling
Published: August 2018

JLU-Liu33F has been solvothermally synthesized by utilizing the ligand functionalization strategy. Compared with JLU-Liu33, JLU-Liu33F exhibits a completely different breathing behavior.
Integrated BiPO4 nanocrystal/BiOBr heterojunction for sensitive photoelectrochemical sensing of 4-chlorophenol
Authors: Xu Li , Jiang Desheng , Zhao Yu , Yan Pengcheng , Dong Jintao , Qian Junchao , Ao Huaqin , Li Jiawen , Yan Cheng , Li Henan
Published: August 2018

A sensor platform was constructed by using a BiPO4 nanocrystal/BiOBr heterojunction, which displayed superior performance for monitoring 4-chlorophenol.
Frontiers in coordination chemistry and its applications
Authors: Shatruk Michael , Schelter Eric , Mindiola Daniel
Published: August 2018

We are delighted to present this collection of articles to celebrate the work of Kim Dunbar on the occasion of her 60th birthday.
Design, synthesis, and anticancer activity evaluation of irreversible allosteric inhibitors of the ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme Ube2g2
Authors: Wang Chao , Shi Genbin , Ji Xinhua
Published: August 2018

The anticancer activity of CW3, an irreversible allosteric inhibitor of the ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme Ube2g2, and its interaction with the protein.
Electrochemically assisted flexible lanthanide upconversion luminescence sensing of heavy metal contamination with high sensitivity and selectivity
Authors: Wong Yuen-Ting , Pang Sin-Yi , Tsang Ming-Kiu , Liu Yan , Huang Haitao , Yu Siu-Fung , Hao Jianhua
Published: August 2018

A flexible lanthanide upconversion luminescent composite probe demonstrated high sensing performance for heavy metal ions under an electrochemical effect.
Biodegradable spirulina extract/polycaprolactone porous scaffolds
Authors: Shi Bo , Zhang Liming , Liang Liang , Ban Jianfeng
Published: August 2018

Hydrophilicity, pores with interconnected structures, and degradability are important properties of tissue engineering scaffolds.
A multi-responsive thiosemicarbazone-based probe for detection and discrimination of group 12 metal ions and its application in logic gates
Authors: Sarkar Soma , Mondal Tapashree , Roy Swapnadip , Saha Rajnarayan , Ghosh Ashish Kumar , Panja Sujit S.
Published: August 2018

A new simple 3-in-1 multi-response thiosemicarbazone-based chemosensor has been synthesized and characterized.
Radical alkylation of para-quinone methides with 4-substituted Hantzsch esters/nitriles via organic photoredox catalysis
Authors: Wu Qing-Yan , Min Qing-Qiang , Ao Gui-Zhen , Liu Feng
Published: August 2018

A redox-neutral, transition-metal-free and photocatalytic protocol is developed for the synthesis of functionalized phenols from para-quinone methides.
An experimental and computational study on isomerically pure, soluble azaphthalocyanines and their complexes and boron azasubphthalocyanines of a varying number of aza units
Authors: Liebold Martin , Sharikow Eugen , Seikel Elisabeth , Trombach Lukas , Harms Klaus , Zimcik Petr , Novakova Veronika , Tonner Ralf , Sundermeyer Jörg
Published: August 2018

Step by step insertion of aza units into non-aggregating isomerically pure azasubphthalocyanines Nx-[Spc*BCl] and azaphthalocyanines Nx-[Pc*M]: a systematic experimental and computational study on HOMO and LUMO energies.
One-pot synthesis of a highly porous anionic hypercrosslinked polymer for ultrafast adsorption of organic pollutants
Authors: Shen Rui , Yan Xiaodong , Guan Ying-Jun , Zhu Wei , Li Tao , Liu Xun-Gao , Li Yunxing , Gu Zhi-Guo
Published: August 2018

Ultrafast adsorption of organic pollutants in water was achieved with a highly porous anionic hypercrosslinked polymer as an adsorbent.
Effect of Mn doping on electroforming and threshold voltages of bipolar resistive switching in Al/Mn : NiO/ITO
Authors: Ge Ni-Na , Gong Chuan-Hui , Yuan Xin-Cai , Zeng Hui-Zhong , Wei Xian-Hua
Published: August 2018

We investigated the bipolar resistive switching (BRS) properties of Mn-doped NiO thin films by sol–gel spin-coating.
Application of terpyridyl ligands to tune the optical and electrochemical properties of a conducting polymer
Authors: Lisak Grzegorz , Wagner Klaudia , Barnsley Jonathan E. , Veksha Andrei , Huff Gregory , Elliott Anastasia B. S. , Wagner Paweł , Gordon Keith C. , Bobacka Johan , Wallace Gordon G. , Ivaska Ari , Officer David L.
Published: August 2018

We present a simple and effective way of using metal and metal–ligand modifications to tune the electrochemical and optical properties of conducting polymers.
Click reaction-aided enzymatic kinetic resolution of secondary alcohols
Authors: Moisă Mădălina Elena , Poppe László , Gal Cristian Andrei , Bencze László Csaba , Irimie Florin Dan , Paizs Csaba , Peter Francisc , Toşa Monica Ioana
Published: August 2018

A new, efficient lipase-mediated kinetic resolution–click-reaction-based procedure is presented for the production of both enantiomers of various 1-(hetero)aromatic ethanols.
Designing an asymmetrical isomer to promote the LUMO energy level and molecular packing of a non-fullerene acceptor for polymer solar cells with 12.6% efficiency
Authors: Gao Wei , An Qiaoshi , Zhong Cheng , Luo Zhenghui , Ming Ruijie , Zhang Miao , Zou Yang , Liu Feng , Zhang Fujun , Yang Chuluo
Published: August 2018

PSCs based on PBDB-T:MeIC1 achieved a larger Voc and Jsc and thus boosted the PCE compared to PBDB-T:MeIC-based PSCs.
USP18 – a multifunctional component in the interferon response
Authors: Basters Anja , Knobeloch Klaus-Peter , Fritz Günter
Published: August 2018

Ubiquitin-specific proteases (USPs) represent the largest family of deubiquitinating enzymes (DUB). These proteases cleave the isopeptide bond between ubiquitin and a lysine residue of a ubiquitin-modified protein. USP18 is a special member of the USP family as it only deconjugates the ubiquitin-like protein ISG15 (interferon-stimulated gene (ISG) 15) from target proteins but is not active towards ubiquitin. Independent of its protease activity, USP18 functions as a major negative regulator of the type I interferon response showing that USP18 is – at least – a bifunctional protein. In this review, we summarise our current knowledge of protease-dependent and -independent functions of USP18 and discuss the structural basis of its dual activity.
Effect of Taraxacum officinale extract on PI3K/Akt pathway in DMBA-induced breast cancer in albino rats
Authors: Nassan Mohamed Abdo , Soliman Mohamed Mohamed , Ismail Shimaa Ahmed , El-Shazly Samir
Published: August 2018

Background: Breast cancer is one of the most prevalent types of cancer and a leading cause of death in women. Materials and methods: An experimental model of breast cancer was induced in female albino rats using single intragastric dose of 7, 12 dimethylbenz (α) anthracene (DMBA) in sesame oil (50 mg/kg b.wt). Four months after DMBA administration, incidence of breast cancer was confirmed by measuring cancer antigen 15-3 (CA15-3) serum levels. Taraxacum officinale ssp. officinale root extract (TOE) was administered in a dose of 500 mg/kg by oral gavage for 4 weeks after breast cancer incidence. Level of CA15-3 as one of the best known breast tumor markers was elevated in all positive breast cancer rats. The genetic effects of TOE on Pdk1–Akt1–Pik3r1–Map3k1–Erbb2–PIk3ca using semi-quantitative RT-PCR analysis were evaluated. In parallel, histopathological changes and immunohistochemical expression of Bcl2 in mammary gland tissues were examined. Results: Level of CA15-3 was normalized in DMBA group administered TOE for 4 weeks. Administration of DMBA increased expression of Pdk1, Akt1, Pik3r1, Map3k1, Erbb2 and PIk3ca. Treatment with TOE normalized the up-regulated mRNA for all examined genes except Pik3ra that was up-regulated. Mammary gland tissues of DMBA group showed excessive proliferation of lining epithelium of acini and ductules with hyperchromatic nuclei with excessive immunostaining of Bcl2 in the proliferated epithelium that was ameliorated by TOE administration. In conclusion, TOE regulated PI3K and Akt pathways involved in suppression of breast cancer growth and proliferation. TOE is effective as anticancer herbal agent.
Temporal variation of secondary migrations potential: concept of temporal windows in four commercial bivalve species
Authors: Forêt Martin , Tremblay Réjean , Neumeier Urs , Olivier Frédéric
Published: August 2018

Post-settlement dispersal potential of four commercial bivalve species (Mytilus edulis,Pecten maximus,Venus verrucosaandRuditapes philippinarum) were studied through the assessment of recruits' sinking velocities by using a sinking velocity tube of five meters height. In parallel, dynamics of shear stress were monitored for five months on a tidal habitat characterized by the presence and the dispersal of the four species. By coupling both datasets we propose first theoretical estimates of temporal windows of secondary migrations. These experiments revealed interspecific differences in migration potential relate to shell shapes and behaviour, especially to secretion of byssal threads. The sensitivity to passive and active post-settlement migrations seems to rely on the synchronisation between the arrival on the sediment, the tidal regime (spring tide, neap tide), but also the rate of growth of the recruits. The present study confirms that patterns of secondary migrations of bivalve recruits result from a close physical-biological coupling involving benthic boundary layer (BBL) hydrodynamics and shell morphology as well as eco-ethological responses to environmental conditions but clearly modulated by the growth dynamics until a threshold size when drifting is no longer possible.
Urban environment factors in advertising poster in Ho Chi Minh City
Authors: Thi Viet Ha Nguyen
Published: August 2018

Poster design is an important part in graphic design and contributes considerably to the “green industry” – the modern advertising industry. In the era of International Integration of Vietnam, there is a large number of changes in advertising posters, and Urban Environment factors plays a very important role in this process. Advertising poster is integrated with visual languages, creating a totally new outlook on aestheticism. Special attention has given to the Urban Environment factors, and they have even become a trend, spreading to the art of design, particularly in advertising posters. The article analyses how Urban Environment factors have been expressed in advertising posters, especially in graphic elements, from concept to execution. The article focuses on Commercial Advertising Posters which is used for brands available in Vietnamese market from 2010 till now (2017). The area of research is Ho Chi Minh City, where there is a diversity of market trends and also a place which is greatly and quickly influenced by new trends in Art and Design. This is also considered as the place that can quickly absorb new trends of Arts and Culture in creating Advertising campaigns for Vietnamese market. Besides, Ho Chi Minh City is the leader in development of modern society for Vietnamese; there are many construction projects for skyscraper, plazas, living space, security for storage of belongings and for comfortable life and work of urban population.
Improvement of transport for the “Healthy Cities” planning
Authors: Mottaeva Angela
Published: August 2018

The article considers the idea of the "healthy city", which includes transport as one of the factors, influencing health of the urban environment of dwelling. The facts on the influence of air pollutions, noise and the road accidents on the ecological situation in the cities, on the way of life and behavior of people, their physical and mental health are analyzed in the article. According to the author, it is necessary to reduce harmful effects during construction of transport infrastructure as well as during housing construction by the means of new technologies, construction and insulating materials, competent city planning, proper placement and development of transport infrastructure. Besides, the author points out the considerable potential benefits of the use of motorless vehicles, such as bicycles, or refusal of transport in favor of pedestrian movement for the environment, for health and social wellbeing of people. That in turn will demand modernization of transport infrastructure of the cities.
Ecological problem of modernity as a global problem of humanity
Authors: Kovalenko Kseniya , Kovalenko Nataliya
Published: August 2018

This article considers the main types of global environmental problems as crisis ecological situations that are relevant for the entire planet, the solution of which is possible only with the participation of all humanity. Global environmental problems closely related to other global world problems, they affect each other and the emergence of some leads to the emergence or aggravation of others. The paper is concerned that such a complex world problem as the demographic caused by the explosive growth of the world's population leads to a sharp increase in the burden on the environment due to an increase in people's needs for food, energy, housing, industrial goods, etc. Obviously, without solving the demographic problem, without stabilizing the population, it is impossible to restrain the development of crisis ecological processes on the planet. In turn, the ecological problems of desertification, deforestation, causing degradation and loss of agricultural land, lead to an aggravation of the world food problem. The ecological danger of such global problem as military is great. In this article, we have determined that environmental degradation leads to significant economic costs as a result of degradation of natural resources, pollution, deterioration of public health.
Improving the management of sustainable development of municipalities in the Kaliningrad region
Authors: Gorokhov Andrey , Ignatyev Alexey , Smirnov Vitaly , Yazev Grigory
Published: August 2018

The paper describes the study of the process of managing the development of municipalities in the Kaliningrad region that were conducted by the Ministry for Municipal Development and Internal Policy of the Kaliningrad region, the Association “Council of Municipalities of the Kaliningrad region”, and the Regional Economic Development Agency of the Kaliningrad region, as well as proposals based on them to improve the process of local sustainable development of the municipalities of the region.
Solution of environmental problems in human settlements caused by negative effect of SDW landfills
Authors: Stupnikova Yelena , Popova Ksenia
Published: August 2018

Environmental protection in the modern world is becoming one of the top priorities of state. Dynamic development of metropolises causes increase of trash volume in landfills, which in turn leads to pollution of air, soil, ground and surface waters, increases the risk of infection spreading to environment and harms public health. This is why it is needed to design new landfill facilities beforehand, which comply with requirements in place; timely reclamate landfills, when they are filled to design level; perform complex recovery of economic value land used as solid domestic waste landfills, and hand over the plots for further intended use.
Processing of solid waste for the improvement of the urban environment
Authors: Zotov Vladimir , Butyrin Andrey
Published: August 2018

The article is devoted to the domestic waste recycling challenges in our country and possible ways to address them. Today, these issues are considered to be multifaceted and involve not only the enterprises but also the corresponding authorities and the population itself. The experience of the developed countries proves that the use of progressive innovative technologies in waste managing can solve a number of problems in the field of economy, ecology and public health. To implement such technologies a coherent action of all participants in the waste management process is required. The authorities and enterprises should be clearly coordinated in addressing the challenges of the development and implementation of low-waste technologies. Moreover, it is necessary to raise the level of environmental knowledge among the population.
Problems of water supply of the population and application of the method of electrolysis-structural activation for partial solution
Authors: Prikhodko Ludmila , Bryukhanova Galina , Beljakova Ekaterina
Published: August 2018

We analyzed the problems of water supply for the population of global scale and regional importance. A method for the electrolysis-structural activation of water oriented on the use of initial fresh rainwater or desalinated membrane technology of sea water in a mix with biologically purified household sewage waters. This method can be used on sea vessels, in arid regions of the planet, and in areas with saline groundwater. Activation of water is achieved by mixing biologically purified wastewater obtained by technology that ensures the quality of purified water at the level of requirements for release in a fishery pond and desalinated water (rainwater) or obtained by reverse osmosis in a ratio of their volumes not more than 10:1
Computer models of hydraulic systems of district heating
Authors: Eremin Anton , Trubitsyn Konstantin , Kolesnikov Sergey , Kudinov Igor , Tkachev Vasily
Published: August 2018

A mathematical and computer model of a district heating network fed by two heat sources located at significantly different elevation marks has been developed. The model is based on the electrohydraulic analogy of electric current spread in conductors and liquid pressure spread in pipelines, which are described by the same equations. In particular, the first and second Kirchhoff’s laws used in the calculation of electrical networks are applied to calculate the velocities and pressures in a complex multi-ring pipeline system. In order to maximize the approximation of the computer model to the real hydraulic network (in resistance to the process of heating agent flow), the method of automatic identification of the model is applied. This method is an iterative process of changing the hydraulic resistances in pipelines of the model in such a way that the results obtained from the calculations would have the least differences from the experimental data. The accuracy of identification depending on the number of points with known experimental data is 3 – 5%.
The problem of waste in the Russian Federation
Authors: Kovalenko Kseniya , Kovalenko Nataliya
Published: August 2018

This article discusses the problems of environmental safety in the sphere of disposing of domestic and industrial wastes in the environment as one of the most important aspects of sustainable development of society. At present, this problem is one of the top priorities and is being solved at the world level. With the emergence of the consumer nature of society, the issue of waste disposal becomes more acute, requiring immediate solutions on a global scale. At present, the quantity and variety of solid household waste (MSW) in the countries is rapidly increasing. This is typical not only for industry, agriculture, megacities, but also for individual residents. At the beginning of 2014, the Russian Federation accumulated more than 35 billion tons of waste. The problem of garbage is not just a difficulty, but a global environmental challenge. One of the main reasons is that there are no mechanisms for regulating the market for collection and processing of solid domestic waste in Russia. We can also say that there is a shortage of specialists in this field, competent managers capable of establishing the entire chain of waste utilization. In the Russian Federation, this problem is as acute as it is throughout the world. Unauthorized landfills are one of the components of this problem. The state should pay more attention to legal regulation of this issue, engage in environmental and legal culture of citizens in order to prevent the emergence of unauthorized landfills, their prompt liquidation, and protect the constitutional rights of citizens to an environmentally safe environment.
Sustained municipal waste management models in Russian megapolicies through utilizing waste-to-energy technologies
Authors: Asadpoori Arsalan , Ankomah Candido , Asadpoori Ardalan , Derevianko Oleg , Shaburov Evgenii
Published: August 2018

St. Petersburg, as the second most important Russian city in Russia is facing with waste related problems which requires taking immediate actions. The excessive diurnal volume of municipal waste generation and insufficient waste management system ring the bells to warn the decision makers. Focusing on problems, insufficiencies and opportunities of the waste management system, the paper goes through the evaluation of details of the dominant situation in St. Petersburg and two models are introduced to improve the system. At the end, an estimation of biofuel, heat and electricity generation will be provided for four incineration facility installments with design capacity of each 315,000 tons of waste per day. It will be shown that the contributing share of bioconversion processes is significant and an acceptable portion of 8% of annual electricity consumption can be supplied via those processes as well as production of 477 million liters of ethanol.
Influence of the rock bridge in the roof of the developed space on the loading and deformation of stooks
Authors: Makeeva Tamara , Trofimov Vitaly
Published: August 2018

The main regularities of deformation and loading of the stook during creation of the developed space with the great area of a side job are considered in the article. The possibility of formation of the set of balance among the stook barriers is estimated. The assessment of influence of rock "bridge" on the stook loading is given.
Fire protection of timber building structural units by mono-and di-ethaholamine-(N→B)- phenyl borates
Authors: Stepina Irina
Published: August 2018

Fire protection of timber is represented by the combination of methods and techniques that allow maintaining bearing and other design properties of building structural units when exposed to fire during certain period of time. The variety of factors, such as an access of oxygen, air draft, and projected fire intensity should be taken into account while choosing efficient methods and techniques of fire protection. Along with that, when applying various methods of fire protection, it’s crucial to preserve natural properties of timber determining comfortable indoor climate. Within this context, “soft” timber modification is preferable. Thus, finding methods lowering combustibility of timber, while preserving its unique natural properties, represents the goal of this study. The present paper studies fire-proof efficiency of compounds based on mono-and di-ethanolamine-(N→B)-phenyl borates by means of ‘ceramic pipe’ method. Durability of shielding effect of the designed compositions was assessed by the method of determining ageing resistance. It was established that “soft” surface modification by the compositions based on mono-and di-ethanolamine-(N→B)-phenyl borates allows upgrading timber to the class of flash-resistant materials and enables to increase fire resistance significantly (period of fire resistance accounts for 90 min), along with that, protective effect remains after accelerated ageing of timber.
Calculation of multilayer enclosing structures with middle layer of polystyrene concrete
Authors: Korol Elena , Berlinova Marina
Published: August 2018

The strength and strain relations of characteristics of the layers in multilayer wall structures made of concrete of different strength are presented, the dependence of the stress values in the layers on the operating conditions of the structure is revealed. On the basis of the principle of strain compatibility of concrete and reinforcement, the estimation of the stress-strain state of multilayer wall panels is done taking into account the conditional concentrated shears in the joint between concretes. A calculation method is proposed, which is based on strains during the combined action of torque and bending moments of three-layer reinforced concrete elements with rectangular section in the stage of working with cracks.
Green Building in Moscow: Problems and Contradictions
Authors: Yakubov Haris
Published: August 2018

The article considers issues of green building development as a tool for greening urban spaces. Eco-development is considered not only as an eco-friendly home construction, but also as a maximum possible use of planning, construction and operational resources with the aim of greening urban space. The author examines motivations of the sphere of green building, evaluates relative advantages and disadvantages of introducing green building principles in actual Moscow conditions and provides regulatory materials for eco-development in Russia and abroad.
Sensitivity analysis of the design portal frames of steel industrial buildings
Authors: Trong Ha Nguyen , Xuan Hung Dang
Published: August 2018

This study presents aims at investigate and apply the sensitivity and reliability analysis methods to assess the reliability of a structural design according to the Vietnam standards design TCVN 5575:2012. Specifically, the sensitivity and reliability analysis of horizontal steel frame in one-story industrial building with crane is considered. The random factors that may occur during the design, fabrication, erection, and utilization stages are taken into account as much as possible. Then, the problem of number of results is analysed in order to obtain the reasonable design solution.
Setting the urban development standards as the basis of ensuring eco-economic sustainability of construction
Authors: Kirillova Ariadna , Kostrikin Pavel
Published: August 2018

The article highlights the main factors of eco-economic sustainability in construction as well as in choosing indicators of the minimum acceptable level of residential area provision with facilities and elements needed for shaping a full-fledged living environment and devising effective urban development solutions. At the present stage the key priorities in the development of quality urban environment are eco-economic aspects of residential development regulation and codification. The main purpose is creating optimal conditions for integrated development of residential areas and promoting (to some or other degree) the following priorities: the effectiveness of using the urban territory; shaping a salubrious living environment, including due to land improvement and landscaping, creating engineering and transport facilities, community infrastructure, household utilities and amenities, and providing free access to such facilities for low mobility groups; meeting environmental, sanitary and hygienic requirements, fire and pandemic safety requirements; meeting requirements for functional, spatial and planning organization of living environment, mitigation of environmental hazards and preventing the damage to life-support systems.
Systemic integrated method for assessing factors affecting construction timelines
Authors: Lapidus Azary , Abramov Ivan
Published: August 2018

To streamline construction planning, one needs to assess and perform trial modeling of organizational and process-related factors impacting the final planned performance indicators. A proper calendar plan, one that would take due account of said factors, has a substantial impact on the efficiency and, sometimes, even the feasibility of a construction project as a whole. Therefore, the purpose of this paper’s research is to develop a method for determining optimum technical and economic parameters. A method should be considered legitimate which, given the labour intensity of the jobs assigned to a crew and the list of such jobs, makes it possible to determine the time said jobs will take to perform depending on the variation of the following factors: crew/unit numbers, job synchronization degree, job performance sequence, number of shifts and unit productivity. The authors have studied the algorithm and the method for the trial modeling of organizational and process-related factors when developing a calendar plan in order to identify qualitative time-specific and feasibility parameters. The paper reviews the example of how the optimum performance timelines for each crew can be determined.
Investment in renewable energy: practical case in Estonia
Authors: Poljanskihh Anna , Levina Anastasia , Dubgorn Alissa
Published: August 2018

The purpose of this paper is to describe how government could support the green initiatives using various policies. In this report was considered the example of Estonia and how this European country implies a feed-in tariff model. The subsidy solicitation was described and compared to the real project of solar panel construction. Current paper could be beneficial for those who would like to gain more theoretical understanding how countries increase the interest in renewable energy investing among local citizens.
Digital transformation: the case of the application of drones in construction
Authors: Zaychenko Irina , Smirnova Anna , Borremans Alexandra
Published: August 2018

The article deals with a relatively recent, but dynamically developing branch of the economy-the digital economy. A brief historical review of the formation of this direction, its impact on the traditional economy. On the basis of statistical data, the analysis of the potential of its development and the impact of the digital economy on the structure of modern innovative firms.As a comparative model, an in-depth analysis of the effectiveness of the introduction of modern digital technologies is carried out on the example of the use of three-dimensional modeling of extended objects in the construction industry using multi-dimensional scanning produced by unmanned aerial vehicles (drones) equipped with laser scanning systems and automatic positioning systems with reference to the terrain by GPS coordinates.
Systematic approach to the evaluation of state support efficiency on the basis of the integrated index
Authors: Snigireva Galina , Malysheva Natalia , Adamaitis Lyudmila , Gamulinskaya Nadezhda , Zonova Nadezhda
Published: August 2018

The authors present a new approach to the evaluation of state support efficiency in agriculture. The basis of the method is evaluation in accordance with 4 groups of indexes. Theoretical relevance of the research is determined by the contribution to the development of methods regarding the evaluation of state support efficiency. The authors apply economic and statistical methods, the method of expert evaluation, correlation and regres-sion method, and integral method. The result of the research is a set of meth-ods on the evaluation of the state support efficiency on the basis of the inte-grated index taking into consideration expert commentary. These methods give an opportunity to evaluate the influence of state support on financial and business operations on agricultural enterprises and in agricultural sector in general.
Model management of innovative development of industrial enterprises
Authors: Golov Roman , Narezhnaya Tamara , Voytolovskiy Nikolay , Mylnik Vladimir , Zubeeva Elena
Published: August 2018

The purpose of the study is to develop the theoretical and methodological provisions, as well as the practical recommendations for the management of the innovative development of the industrial enterprises of a vertically integrated structure, which is considered as one of the mechanisms to improve its competitiveness. The article analyzes the technology of the innovative development of the economic systems, examines the current trends and identified the problems of the management of their innovative development, studies the technology of the management parameters of the life cycle of the products in the industrial enterprises and forms the criteria for the effectiveness of the innovative development management. The result of the study is the development of a structural and parametric model of the innovative enterprise management and the creation of a mechanism to improve the efficiency of its activities.
Venöse Gefäßverschlüsse der Retina
Authors: Lang Gabriele , Lang Stefan
Published: August 2018

Retinale Venenverschlüsse (RVV) sind häufige Netzhauterkrankungen, die neben einem asymptomatischen Verlauf auch oft eine Visusverschlechterung, selten eine Erblindung zur Folge haben. Der Beitrag beleuchtet die Diagnostik, das therapeutische Vorgehen sowie das Komplikationsmanagement bei dieser Erkrankung.
A Prospective Two Center Study Comparing Breast Cancer Lesion Size Defined by 2D Shear Wave Elastography, B-Mode Ultrasound, and Mammography with the Histopathological Size
Authors: Farrokh Andre , Treu Linn , Ohlinger Ralf , Flieger Carolin , Maass Nicolai , Schäfer Fritz
Published: August 2018

Purpose The aim of the present study was to determine the accuracy of breast cancer measurement with 2 D shear wave elastography (2 D SWE), B-mode ultrasound, and mammography by comparing these methods with the actual histopathological tumor size.

Materials and Methods 135 patients with proven malignant breast lesions at two centers were included in a prospective study. The maximum lesion diameter was measured by 2 D SWE, B-mode ultrasound, and mammography. After surgery, the histopathological tumor size was measured by a pathologist.

Results The mean difference in tumor size on 2 D SWE, B-mode ultrasound, and mammography on the one hand, and the actual tumor size on the other, was –0.03 cm, 0.16 cm and 0.10 cm, respectively. Lesion size on histopathological investigation was overestimated by 2 D SWE (p = 0.004) and underestimated by B-mode imaging (p < 0.001). All three imaging methods underestimated the size of invasive lobular cancers and lesions > 15 mm; 2 D SWE was most accurate in this regard.

Conclusion 2 D SWE predicted lesion size more precisely than B-mode ultrasound or mammography. In cases of invasive lobular carcinoma, all three imaging methods underestimated lesion size, with 2 D SWE coming closest to the actual tumor size.
Syntheses of Ketamine and Related Analogues: A Mini Review
Authors: Jose Jiney , Dimitrov Ivaylo , Denny William
Published: August 2018

Ketamine [2-(2-chlorophenyl)-2-(methylamino)cyclohexanone] is a dissociative anaesthetic, first developed in 1963 by Parke-Davis. It finds widespread application in the treatment of battlefield injuries, and in emergency departments for use in children. In recent times the clinical interest in ketamine has increased due to the positive impact it has in treating depression and the rapid onset of its antidepressant effect. This review covers the synthetic effort towards ketamine and related analogues over the past 60 years to give readers an overview of past, current, and future research outlook pertaining to ketamine-like molecules.

1 Introduction

2 Early Work

3 Synthesis

3.1 Ketamine

3.2 Norketamine

3.3 Ketamine Analogues

4 Future Outlook and Conclusion
Multigram Synthesis of C4/C5 3,3-Difluorocyclobutyl-Substituted Building Blocks
Authors: Ryabukhin Sergey , Melnykov Kostiantyn , Granat Dmitriy , Volochnyuk Dmitriy , Grygorenko Oleksandr
Published: August 2018

An approach for the multigram synthesis of 3,3-difluorocyclobutyl-substituted building blocks (including carboxylic acid, amines, alcohols, azide, trifluoroborate ketone) is described. It is shown that, in most cases, ethyl 3,3-difluorocyclobutanecarboxylate is a convenient common synthetic intermediate to obtain the target derivatives. For preparation of 3,3-difluorocyclobutanol or -cyclobutanone, an alternative pathway via reaction of dichloroketene and tert-butyl or benzyl vinyl­ ether should be applied.
Diversity-Oriented Synthesis via Catalyst-Free Addition of
Ketones to [e]-Fused 1H-Pyrrole-2,3-diones
Authors: Stepanova Ekaterina , Maslivets Andrey , Kasatkina Svetlana , Dmitriev Maksim
Published: August 2018

A facile synthetic approach towards two distinct pyrrole-based heterocyclic scaffolds has been developed by the interaction of 1H-pyrrole-2,3-diones fused at the [e]-side to a 1,4-benzoxazin-2-one or quinoxalin-2(1H)-one moiety with ketones. The described interaction proceeds either as an aldol reaction or as a Michael addition/intramolecular cyclization depending on the reaction conditions. The disclosed aldol reaction proceeds with good diastereoselectivity under catalyst-free conditions when the reaction is carried out in aromatic hydrocarbons. Products of the cascade Michael addition/intramolecular cyclization reaction are predominantly formed under catalyst-free and solvent-free conditions. The proposed strategy provides facile access to pharmaceutically interesting pyrrole-based polyheterocycles.
Surgical Repair of Radial-Ulnar Fracture by Static Intramedullary Interlocking Nailing in a Crossbred Heifer
Authors: Narang Ankit , Singh Simrat , Verma Pallavi , Saini Narinder , Mohindroo Jitender , Udehiya Rahul , Singh Tarunbir
Published: August 2018

Objective Study included surgical management of radius and ulna fracture in a 2-year-old, 220 kg crossbred heifer presented with a 2-day-old history of injury resulting in severe, non-weight bearing lameness of the left forelimb.

Methods The condition was diagnosed clinically and confirmed radiographically as a middle third oblique comminuted fracture of the left radius and ulna. Static intramedullary interlocking nailing was performed for fracture fixation. An interlocking nail of 12-mm diameter and 26-cm length was introduced in a retrograde manner from the distal aspect of the radius.

Results The animal was able to bear weight on the affected limb within 7 days post surgery. Good callus formation and complete weight bearing were observed by 35th day. Bending of the screws and osteophytic reaction were the major postoperative complications observed radiographically.

Clinical Significance From this case study, it was established that static intramedullary interlocking nailing can be used as an alternative technique for fracture repair of the radius and ulna in cattle where stable fracture fixation by bone plating is questionable.
Archetypical Patterns of Skin Manifestations in Neurocutaneous Disorders
Authors: Ruggieri Martino , Lacarrubba Francesco , Micali Giuseppe , Schepis Carmelo , Polizzi Agata , Praticò Andrea
Published: August 2018

The distribution of the cutaneous manifestations in neurocutaneous disorders is not casual; rather, it reflects predetermined patterns of skin arrangements, due to the action of the underlying genes, proteins, and/or metabolic pathways on the skin texture and appendages. These patterns of distribution are pathognomonic for each neurocutaneous disorder and can occur either in specific areas of the body (e.g., the forehead, the face, the trunk, the nails, one limb or one of more segments of the body) or following specific lines (e.g., lines of Blaschko) or taking peculiar shapes (e.g., leaf-like, ovoid, whorled, “S” or “V” shaped). These patterns of abnormal skin often mirror similar phenomena in extra-cutaneous organs/tissues, principally in the central nervous system but also in the eye, bone, heart/vessels, lung, kidney, and gut. A classification system, including several patterns of cutaneous arrangements (archetypical patterns) was proposed by the German dermatologist Rudolf Happle in 1993 and later expanded until 2014: this classification, originally meant to broadly explain (genetic and nongenetic) mosaic skin disorders and phenomena, was later expanded to explain the patterns of distribution of skin manifestations in some autosomal dominant skin disorders (genodermatoses). Currently, we recognize: (1) six archetypical patterns, including type 1 “along the lines of Blaschko” in (a) narrow or (b) large bands, type 2 “checkerboard” pattern, type 3 “phylloid” pattern, type 4 “patchy pattern without midline separation,” type 5 “lateralization” pattern, and type 6 “sash-like” pattern; (2) three less well-defined (so far unclassifiable) archetypical patterns, including (a) a diffuse hypopigmentation of the trunk versus smaller areas of normal skin on a unilateral aspect of the thorax and a segmental hyperpigmentation involving both arms and the trunk, (b) an “atypical” pattern along the Blaschko's lines, (c) the “mesotropic facial pattern,” and (iii) segmental manifestations of monogenic disorders, including (type 1) segmental areas of skin affected with the typical manifestations of a disease associated to otherwise unaffected skin and (type 2) segmental areas of skin affected with a very pronounced degree of the typical skin manifestations of a disease. In this article we review the existing literature on the early history of Blaschko's lines, the presentation of the (well-defined and unclassified) archetypical patterns and the segmental manifestations of monogenic disorders tailoring these concepts to neurocutaneous disorders.
Resolution and material assessment capability of a vibroacoustographic imaging system
Authors: Maccabi Ashkan , Namiri Nikan K. , Bajwa Neha , Dhanjani Suraj A. , Sung Shijun , Taylor Zachary D. , St. John Maie A. , Grundfest Warren S. , Saddik George N.
Published: August 2018

There has been significant growth in non-invasive screening techniques for evaluating abnormal tissue. Vibroacoustography (VA), an imaging modality based on ultrasound-stimulated acoustic emission and non-linear scattering characteristics of the target, has previously been used to generate relative real-time, pathology-specific image contrast between abnormal tissue and normal surrounding tissue; however, an in-depth tissue assessment has yet to be completed. VA utilizes two non-destructive low MHz ultrasound tones to produce an acoustic beat frequency in the low kHz range. The acoustic radiation force perturbs the target as a function of its mechanical and acoustic properties and the emissive acoustic waves are detected by a nearby hydrophone to form an image based on the viscoelastic characteristics of the target. We have previously reported that our VA imaging system can distinguish suspect tissue from normal tissue in tissue-mimicking phantoms (TMPs) and ex vivo models with high image contrast; however, the goal of this work is to assess the measurement performance and resolution capabilities of this system in pre-clinical models, specifically TMPs in tissue assessment. Lateral and axial resolution, as well as material characterization, studies were performed on isotropic two-layered and multiple-layered TMP targets. The resolution studies resulted in ∼1 mm lateral and ∼12 mm axial, which were confirmed and validated for a confocal transducer geometry. The system showed sufficient measurement performance to detect regions with elastic moduli difference of at least 10 kPa and lateral width of at least 4 mm. This result, coupled with high imaging contrast, supports the utilization of VA for potential applications in in vivo medical imaging and tissue assessment for intraoperative applications.
Modeling and interpretation of UV and blue luminescence intensity in β-Ga2O3 by silicon and nitrogen doping
Authors: Onuma T. , Nakata Y. , Sasaki K. , Masui T. , Yamaguchi T. , Honda T. , Kuramata A. , Yamakoshi S. , Higashiwaki M.
Published: August 2018

Temperature-dependent cathodoluminescence spectra of (2¯01) Si-doped β-Ga2O3 single crystals and (010) N-doped epitaxial films were comprehensively shown to investigate their electronic structure and defect states. The decrease in the self-trapped exciton (STE) emission at low temperatures in heavily Si-doped crystals implied the Debye-Hückel screening of STEs with the critical charge density larger than 2 × 1018 cm−3. The analysis based on the rate equation model suggested a significant influence of the donor-acceptor-pair recombination involving a SiGa donor on the UV luminescence band in the Si-doped crystals. The blue luminescence band was suppressed for the heavily N-doped epitaxial films with a N concentration of 1 × 1018 cm−3, implying the decrease in the oxygen vacancy (VO) concentration by N doping. The increase in the NO acceptor concentration as well as the decrease in the VO concentration were found to contribute to the compensation of residual Si donors resulting in high resistivity of N-doped epitaxial films.
A time-gated multi-channel x-ray crystal spectrometer on the Shenguang-III laser facility
Authors: Qing Bo , Wei Minxi , Yang Guohong , Zhang Zhiyu , Zhao Yang , Xiong Gang , Lv Min , Hu Zhimin , Zhang Jiyan , Liu Shenye , Yang Jiamin
Published: August 2018

An eight-channel x-ray flat crystal spectrometer was developed for high energy density physics research at the Shenguang-III (SG-III) laser facility. The spectrometer uses trihydroxymethylaminomethane crystals (2d = 8.78 Å) to record Ti K-shell emission in the photon energy range of 4.65–5.05 keV. The spectrometer couples to an x-ray framing camera to achieve time-resolution. This has four microstrips, and each strip records two snapshots of the emission image. Based on the intersection positioning system with a dual-charge coupled device, the alignment system is easily operated and efficient. The instrument was tested and used for Au hohlraum plasma diagnosis experiments on SG-III. The He-α line and its Li-like satellites and the Ly-α line of a Ti tracer were detected, from which the spectral resolution of the instrument was analyzed. The spectral resolution E/ΔE at the Ti He-α line ranges from about 500 to 880 and mainly limited by the x-ray source size.
3D direct writing of terahertz metamaterials based on TbFeO3 dielectric ceramics
Authors: Zeng Xinxi , Wang Rong , Xi Xiaoqing , Li Bo , Zhou Ji
Published: August 2018

The integration of terahertz waves with metamaterials has become a key goal in modern photonics. In this work, we designed grating-structured metamaterials and face-centered-cubic (fcc) metamaterials based on TbFeO3 dielectric ceramics and built these materials using 3D direct writing technology. To simulate the behavior of the designed TbFeO3 metamaterials, the dielectric constant of TbFeO3 dielectric ceramic materials was determined. The desired strong electric and magnetic resonances were excited in the designed TbFeO3 metamaterials. The grating-structured metamaterials showed increased polarization-dependent transmittance as the line spacing decreased, while the fcc metamaterial showed a deep transmission dip at low frequencies and an electromagnetically induced increase in transmittance at higher frequencies. An increase in the electrical resistance contributed to the increase in the transmission properties of the fcc TbFeO3 metamaterial as its temperature decreased, while a reduction in the dielectric constant of TbFeO3 simultaneously caused a blueshift in this metamaterial. When combined with 3D direct writing technology, TbFeO3, with its high dielectric constant and low loss characteristics, represents an inexpensive and promising step towards the production of the next generation of low-cost, easy-to-fabricate, all-dielectric metamaterials.