bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Acting Out Nazi Germany
Authors: Monahan W. Gregory
Published: May 2024

The scene I confronted when I arrived in the classroom on that third day of the simulation unnerved me. Festooned all over the walls, the blackboard, the backs of chairs, and the door through which I had entered were photocopied political posters, some in full color, most in black and white, all sporting an array of frightening images from Germany in 1932: swastikas, hammers and sickles, pictures of Adolf Hitler and Karl Marx, a Socialist Party poster with a worker crucified upon a devilish swastika, invocations to vote for this candidate or that one, threats of dire consequences should one or the other side prevail. I quickly closed the windowed door and blocked it, fearful that a colleague or a student might happen by, glance in, and wonder what I was teaching these students. Students moved me out of the way and papered the door window with even more posters, and I confronted the unforeseen consequence of an improvisation. On a whim, at the end of the first day of a three-day simulation of the German Reichstag election of 1932, I had promised an extra 300 votes to whichever party put up the most posters on the third day, and my students had responded with ferocious energy! Well, I thought, that idea was obviously going to require a little bit of tweaking.1
Using Local History To Understand National Themes
Authors: Westbury Susan
Published: May 2024

College teachers of American history cover national themes such as the nature of the American Revolution and the establishment of the federal government because students must understand them if they are to gain a reliable knowledge of America's past. On the other hand, local history topics can be extremely valuable when they show larger historical themes from the ground up, so to speak. In addition, local topics offer manageable and focused research projects for students taking a variety of courses. As one example, the study of Philadelphia and its people during the yellow fever epidemic of 1793 illustrates both important local issues and larger national themes. Using Philadelphia as a microcosm, students can discern race and gender at work in American society, as well as discovering how medicine and politics interacted in the early Republic's political party system. The epidemic also shows the tension between strict and loose construction of the Constitution as President George Washington struggled with constitutional problems caused by the outbreak of disease in Philadelphia. These topics provide useful material to supplement lectures and spark discussion among students and offer abundant sources and opportunities for undergraduate research.
Deverll & Hyde, Eds., The West In The History Of The Nation - A Reader
Authors: Arnold David
Published: May 2024

The West in the History of the Nation is an excellent new primary source document collection that uses "western" examples to illuminate national themes-"western" with quotation marks, because much of the action in volume one takes place east of the one-hundredth meridian, where most western regionalists insist the "real West" begins. The two-volume set, which makes the standard break at Reconstruction, is intended primarily for accompaniment with the United States history survey course, but would also work quite well for courses on the American West.
Walker, We Can't Go Home Again - An Argument About Afrocentrism
Authors: Van Hartesveldt Fred
Published: May 2024

The factual flaws in much of the writing about Afrocentrism have been exposed in the past. Clarence Walker does so again in We Can't Go Home Again, and does so effectively. In this regard he focuses particularly on the Afrocentric assertion that Egyptians were black and the wellspring of Western civilization. He makes very clear that the modem concept of race as identity simply does not apply to the variegated population of Egypt and would not have been understood there. The importance of his book, however, does not lie in renewing and expanding the critique of the factual and analytical content of Afrocentric literature.
Nardo, Ed., The Great Depression
Authors: Woestman Kelly
Published: May 2024

The Great Depression, part of the Turning Points of World History series published by Greenhaven Press, suffers from several glaring weaknesses despite its inclusion of essays by notable New Deal historians and some usable primary source documents. The major weakness is that, in spite of being part of a series on World History, it focuses solely on the United States. One current goal of historical literacy is to help students understand the broader global context of events and, based on this criterion, the book fails.
Africa In The World
Authors: Smythe Kathleen
Published: May 2024

African history is less consistently integrated into world history than other geographical regions. World history textbooks discuss African history more now than they did a decade ago, but Africa is usually only treated in any significant detail after 1000 CE (ancient Egypt being the exception).1 This is due in part, at least, to the fact that African historians have generally not situated their works and discoveries within a wider frame of world historical developments. Scholars of other regions, therefore, continue to assume that throughout its history Africa was isolated and perpetually lagging behind, thus mimicking historical precedents elsewhere.2 Achille Mbembe laments Africa's academic isolation, contending that:
To a very large extent, the confinement of Africa to area studies and the inability of African criticism to think in terms of the "world" go together. These two factors are crucial in explaining why the study of Africa has had such a feeble impact on the life of the various disciplines in particular, and on social theory in general.3
Real Work, Not Busy Work, Part II
Authors: Hsiung David
Published: May 2024

The first part of this essay, "Real Work, Not Busy Work: The Place Paper," appeared in the fall 2003 issue of Teaching History (92- 96). Here in Part II, "The Primary Source Paper," I explore ways in which research papers can become "real work" rather than "busy work."
Queen Victoria's Empire
Authors: Voeltz Richard
Published: May 2024

Victorian Britain has recently been treated by no less than three major historical television and video productions without even counting A& E's miniseries Victoria and Albert, which is clearly more love story than history. Simon Schama 's A History of Britain, a BBC and History Channel production, carries the story into the Victorian era where he focuses on emerging concepts of gender and family life and the hubris of liberal humanism and colonialism. Patrick Allitt of Emory University delivers a series of lectures for The Teaching Company that focus on the achievements of Victorian Britain as well as the strange internal contradictions of a time that seems remarkably close to our own in so many ways. PBS 'sentry in the current Victorian video derby is Queen Victoria's Empire, part of the Empires Collection that includes Egypt's Golden Empire, The Greeks, The Roman Empire in the First Century, Islam: Empire of Faith, and Napoleon.
Jordan & Litwack, The United States - Conquering A Continent
Authors: Weaver Karol
Published: May 2024

The choice of a textbook in an American history survey course is an important decision. Both instructors and students would benefit from this text. The book's clearly written narrative and interesting sidebars work well in a class that depends on dynamic lecturing supplemented with minimal textbook reading assignments and periodic discussion of primary sources.
Planned and unplanned hospital admissions and health-related school absence rates in children with neurodisability: Protocol for a population-based study using linked education and hospital data from England.
Authors: Gimeno Laura , Zylbersztejn Ania , Cant Ayana , Harron Katie , Gilbert Ruth
Published: May 2024

Background Neurodisability describes a broad set of conditions affecting the brain and nervous system which result in functional limitations. Children with neurodisability have more hospital admissions than their peers without neurodisability and higher rates of school absence. However, longitudinal evidence comparing rates of hospital admission and school absence in children with neurodisability to peers without neurodisability throughout school is limited, as is understanding about whether differences are greatest for planned care (e.g., scheduled appointments) or unplanned care. This study will describe rates of planned and unplanned hospital admissions and school absence due to illness and medical reasons throughout primary school (Reception to Year 6, ages 4 to 11 in England) for children with neurodisability and all other children, using linked individual-level health and education data. Methods We will use the ECHILD (Education and Child Insights from Linked Data) database, which links educational and health records across England. We will define a primary school cohort of children who were born in National Health Service-funded hospitals in England between 1st September 2003 and 31st August 2008, and who were enrolled in Reception (age 4/5) at state-funded schools. We will use hospital admissions records to identify children who have recorded indicators of neurodisability from birth up to the end of primary school (Year 6, age 10/11). Results We will describe rates of planned and unplanned hospital admissions and health-related school absence for three groups of children: those with a neurodisability indicator first recorded before beginning primary school, those with neurodisability first recorded during primary school, and those without a record of neurodisability before end of primary school. Conclusions We will further explore whether differences between these group vary across primary school years and by socioeconomic and demographic characteristics.
Influence of hot plastic deformation on properties of the carbon steel
Authors: Vakulenko I. O , Plitchenko S. O
Published: May 2024

Purpose. Determination of the influence of hot plastic deformation degree on the set of carbon steel properties. Methodology. Steel with 0.6 % carbon was used for the study. The steel structure corresponded to the state after compression at 1,240 °C. Mechanical properties were determined by the tensile curve, friction stress of the ferrite crystal lattice and resistance of interphase boundary pearlite to propagation of deformation were estimated. Findings. Depending on the structural state of austenite, dispersion of pearlite colonies is accompanied by different rates of change in the properties of carbon steel. For pearlite formed from austenite after annealing, the strain hardening coefficient and maximum ductility are inversely proportional. For pearlite formed from austenite with preserved substructure after hot deformation, the strain hardening coefficient and maximum ductility are related through the proportional relationship. Originality. Preservation of the substructure of hot-deformed austenite affects propagation deformation in pearlite of the steel. Against the background of decreasing friction stress of the ferrite crystal lattice, there is an increase in resistance of ferrite-cementite boundary of the pearlite to the spread of deformation. Practical value. For carbon steels with a pearlite structures, the accelerated increase in ductility from maintaining the proportion of hot work hardening of the austenite will improve technology for manufacturing rolled products of large sections. When producing thermally strengthened rolled products, achieving a simultaneous increase in strength and plastic properties is ensured by increasing ability of metal to strain hardening.
State policy in the field of employment: legal problems and prospects in the conditions of martial law
Authors: Shvets D , Pyvovar M , Oleksiv I , Zhyravetskyy T , Marych N
Published: May 2024

Purpose. On the basis of the analysis of legal problems and prospects of state policy (SP) in the field of employment (FE) under martial law to substantiate the direction of SP changes in this area; and the strategic necessity of the social orientation of the specified policy. To offer recommendations: improvement of legal provision of SP; and the addition of legal norms to expand the possibilities of supporting SP with a single information and analytical system (SIAS). Methodology. General scientific and special methods of cognition are used: statistical analysis – to study changes in employment under martial law; analysis and synthesis – to determine the main tasks of SP in FE under martial law conditions, induction and deduction – to determine an important goal of SP – stabilization of this sphere; critical analysis – to substantiate the strategic necessity of the social direction of SP in FE; logical abstraction – to use SIAS for legal support of SP; formal and legal – to develop amendments to legislative acts to eliminate legal problems of SP implementation. Findings. Factors of the influence of the war on the labor market are established, the directions of state policy, caused by the specified influences, are determined. The main tasks of the SP in the field of employment under martial law are defined. It is indicated that the legal non-demarcation of the powers of institutional structures leads to the dysfunction of operational measures in this area. It is noted that the lack of strategic orientation of the SP leads to the acquisition of permanent structural features in the disproportions of the labor market. The importance of combining operational measures and long-term measures to solve strategic tasks is indicated, even under existing military conditions. Originality. The strategic necessity of the social direction of state policy in the field of employment is substantiated, even under martial law conditions, and for this purpose changes in legislation are proposed. The use of SIAS for forecasting employment and legal support of SP is proposed. Additions to legislative acts have been developed for the proper legal support of SP. Practical value. The proposed additions to the Laws of Ukraine, proposals to expand the use of SIAS will allow resolving some legal problems in the field of employment.
Em busca de compreensões sobre inteligência artificial e programação intuitiva na Educação Matemática
Authors: Gogolla de Mattos Silvana , Aurélio Kalinke Marco
Published: May 2024

Este artigo visa apresentar os resultados obtidos de uma pesquisa de doutorado que explicitou, a partir das relações entre o Design de Interação e a Inteligência Artificial, compreensões sobre ambientes de programação intuitiva utilizados nos processos educacionais de Matemática. Por meio de diferentes rotas de navegação, esta investigação adotou, como metodologia, a Pesquisa em Design Educacional e buscou contribuições com outras áreas do conhecimento, como a Ciência da Computação e o Design de Interação. O trajeto percorrido também considerou reflexões sobre o uso de tecnologias na Educação Matemática; sobre a existência de modelos mentais e conceituais; e sistema intuitivo. A tese defendida destaca que existe uma relação entre a programação intuitiva e a Inteligência Artificial que pode apoiar o uso de tecnologias digitais nos processos educacionais de Matemática. Essa relação pode ser propiciada pela utilização de feedback com o uso de metáforas de interface.
HOW EDUCATIONAL GAME CAN IMPROVE THE PLAYER’S METACOGNITIVE SKILLS
Authors: Dzaky Dedi Imaduddin , Hartanto Rudy , Fauziati Silmi
Published: May 2024

Gamification is a basic concept of game mechanics which apply into non-game environments. Games as joyful playing is widely used in daily life, including in education. Game was assembled by fundamental elements which regulate not only how it was played but also what is the final goal of their mechanics. When a game is operated; the player's cognitive, affective, and psychomotor aspects are involved. Involving three domains was integrated into an environment which stimulated the cognitive dimension. By using more complicated mechanics it will cultivate the metacognitive of players. This paper investigated how educational games can improve the player’s metacognitive skill. Investigating was done by theoretically analysing. The invention of this work is that educational games can improve a player's metacognitive which consist of several stages, namely goal setting and planning, selection and strategy selection, monitoring and evaluation, organization and self regulation, and attention. So, learning the effort of clearing stages of Cat Mario would encourage students to memorize knowledge and pattern of question so they could clear the question and learn new stuff through metacognitive skills that are obtained by their gaming experiences.
CLASSIFICATION OF JAVANESE NGLEGENA SCRIPT USING COMPLEXVALUED NEURAL NETWORK
Authors: Rahmawati Adinda Aulia , Muhaimin Amri , Prasetya Dwi Arman
Published: May 2024

Javanese script is one of the traditional scripts in Indonesia used by the Javanese people. The Javanese script used in Javanese spelling basically consists of 20 main characters (nglegena), namely from the Ha to Nga script. Javanese script has very high value, the uniqueness of the script is one thing that must be preserved. However, widespread use of Javanese script has declined as technology has developed. In this context, one of the problems that arises is the difficulty in automatically recognizing and classifying the Javanese Nglegena script. Therefore, the use of computational methods to automatically classify the Nglegena Javanese script is very important. This research compares 2 methods for classifying Javanese Nglegena script, namely Complex-Valued Neural Network (CVNN) and Convolutional Neural Network (CNN). This research aims to compare the best accuracy between CVNN and CNN. In this study, the Complex-Valued Neural Network method had a higher average accuracy, namely 96.332% and a loss of 0.1834. Meanwhile, the CNN method has an average accuracy of 93.72% and a loss of 0.4254. Artificial intelligence-based Javanese Nglegena script classification technology can help people to recognize the Javanese Nglegena script, especially in the fields of education and culture.
Self-leadership Dalam Menyikapi Perkembangan Teknologi Chatbots AI di Dunia Pendidikan Akuntansi: Tinjauan Perspektif Adaptive Leadership
Authors: Primasatya Rieswandha Dio , Labbaik Muhamad , Mujtaba Muhammad Irsyad Elfin , Wahono Refina Dwike , Wahono Refina Dwike
Published: May 2024

Perkembangan teknologi, terutama pemanfaatan Kecerdasan Buatan (AI) dalam pendidikan akuntansi, telah memicu perdebatan mengenai implikasinya. Artikel ini membahas peran kepemimpinan diri dan kepemimpinan adaptif bagi mahasiswa akuntansi dalam menghadapi penggunaan teknologi, khususnya AI, dalam pembelajaran. Melalui metodologi tinjauan literatur kualitatif, artikel ini menguraikan bagaimana kepemimpinan diri dan kepemimpinan adaptif dapat membantu mahasiswa dalam memanfaatkan AI secara adaptif, bukan hanya sebagai alat tetapi juga sebagai sarana pendukung. Hasilnya menunjukkan bahwa mahasiswa yang mengembangkan kepemimpinan diri dapat lebih efektif mengelola diri mereka dalam memanfaatkan AI, sedangkan kepemimpinan adaptif membantu mereka beradaptasi dengan perubahan yang cepat dan kompleks. Meskipun AI memberikan bimbingan, hasil ujian menunjukkan bahwa mahasiswa yang siap dengan baik masih menunjukkan kinerja yang lebih unggul. Penelitian ini menyoroti pentingnya menggunakan teknologi secara bijaksana untuk menjaga kualitas dan menghindari ketergantungan yang berlebihan.
A relação entre Artrite Reumatóide e a microbiota intestinal: Uma revisão de literatura
Authors: Melo Mateus Augusto Felix de , Costa Thiago Vinícius Santana , Nogueira Maria Augusta Lima da Paz , Pereira Neto José de Aguiar , Costa Juliana Albuquerque Freyre , Oliveira Giulia Lara Ribeiro de , Tavares Matheus Feitosa , Assis Mariana Queiroz de , Souza Mariana Moura de Luna , Grego Manoel Ângelo Rodrigues , Barros Leonardo Brito
Published: May 2024

Esta revisão bibliográfica se propõe a discutir de forma detalhada a possível conexão entre a patogênese da Artrite Reumatoide e a disbiose intestinal. A Artrite Reumatoide é uma condição autoimune que afeta as articulações, gerando inflamação e dor crônica, além de ter, também, repercussões extra-articulares. Ultimamente, tem havido um interesse crescente no papel da microbiota intestinal na origem e na evolução dessas enfermidades. Neste estudo, analisamos um compilado de artigos científicos que investigam a composição desse microbioma em pacientes com Artrite Reumatóide, além de investigar também os mecanismos pelos quais a microbiota pode influenciar na resposta imunológica e na patogênese da Artrite. Os resultados destacam a complexidade dessa interação, indicando que alterações no microbioma podem ter um papel crucial no surgimento e progressão da Artrite Reumatoide.
O uso do laser de CO2 fracionado no tratamento da Síndrome Geniturinária da Pós-menopausa
Authors: Costa Thiago Vinícius Santana , Grego Manoel Ângelo Rodrigues , Barros Leonardo Brito , Cunha Netto Hilário Gurgel da , Figueirôa Pedro Henrique Lyra , Donato Manoella Ferreira , Maciel Júlia Rocha , Sabino Luiza Branco , Martins Maria Luíza Marques Mendonça , Assis Mariana Queiroz de , Oliveira Giulia Lara Ribeiro de , Barros João Fábio Lucena
Published: May 2024

Esta revisão bibliográfica se propõe a discutir a relevância e os benefícios do uso do laser de CO2 no tratamento da síndrome geniturinária da pós-menopausa (GSM). Essa síndrome é caracterizada por um conjunto de sinais e sintomas, como ressecamento vaginal, dispareunia, atrofia e redução da elasticidade dos tecidos vaginais, causados devido a redução dos níveis de estrogênio após a menopausa. Nesse sentido, diante da necessidade de alternativas terapêuticas não hormonais e da busca por tratamentos seguros e eficazes para a GSM, o laser de CO2 fracionado surge como uma abordagem inovadora e promissora. Essa abordagem, de acordo com os estudos recentes, têm-se demonstrado uma opção terapêutica eficaz no tratamento da síndrome, apesar de ainda ser um método pouco utilizado devido ao alto custo dos instrumentos necessários para esse procedimento.
PENGARUH PENGGUNAAN E-COMMERCE, SISTEM INFORMASI AKUNTANSI DAN PENGETAHUAN AKUNTANSI TERHADAP EFEKTIVITAS KINERJA UMKM DI KOTA MALANG
Authors: Sari Diah Novita , Dura Justita
Published: May 2024

UMKM mempunyai peran penting terhadap pertumbuhan dan pembangunan perekonomian nasional, fundamental dari UMKM sendiri menjadikan sektor lapangan kerja kian meningkat dalam jangka besar. Dengan demikian, UMKM dianggap tidak mampu berpartisipasi aktif pada era perdagangan global ini. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menilai efektivitas kinerja usaha UMKM Kota Malang dengan menelusuri faktor-faktor seperti penerapan e-commerce , penggunaan sistem informasi akuntansi, dan pengetahuan akuntansi. Pendekatan kuantitatif digunakan dalam penelitian ini. Metode utama pengumpulan informasi untuk penelitian ini adalah memberikan kuesioner. Adapun teknik pengambilan sampel yaitu menggunakan simple random sampling. Survei ini diselesaikan oleh 96 orang. Sumber primer dan sekunder juga digunakan untuk menyusun data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini. Analisis data menggunakan fitur SPSS 24. Berdasarkan temuan penelitian tersebut, kinerja UMKM meningkat pesat dengan adanya e-commerce . Sistem Informasi Akuntansi memungkinkan UMKM beroperasi lebih efektif. Dengan pengetahuan akuntansi yang benar, operasional UMKM bisa berjalan lebih lancar.
Echoes of Slavery, Racial Segregation and Jim Crow: American Dispensationalism and Christian Zionist Bible-Reading
Authors: Crump David M.
Published: May 2024

The apologetics of pro-slavery, pro-segregation Christians in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries were identical to the methods of biblical interpretation used by Dispensationalist Christian Zionists today. The ideology's specific rules of ‘literal interpretation’ and ‘antecedent theology’ led both groups to similar conclusions about slavery and racial segregation, on the one hand, and Jewish privilege and Palestinian displacement, on the other. Abolitionist efforts to promote a Christ–like hermeneutic rooted in Christian morality points the way forward to correcting modern theologies, such as Dispensationalist Christian Zionism, that continue to sanction human oppression.
Collaborative Intelligent Decision Systems for Safe and Reliable AI-assisted Medical Image Diagnostics
Authors: Dolgikh Serge
Published: May 2024

The cost of diagnostic errors has been high in the developed world economics according to a number of recent studies and continues to rise. Up till now, a common process of performing image diagnostics for a growing number of conditions has been examination by a single human specialist (i.e., single-channel recognition and classification decision system). Such a system has natural limitations of unmitigated error that can be detected only much later in the treatment cycle, as well as resource intensity and poor ability to scale to the rising demand. At the same time Machine Intelligence (ML, AI) systems, specifically those including deep neural network and large visual domain models have made significant progress in the field of general image recognition, in many instances achieving the level of an average human and in a growing number of cases, a human specialist in the effectiveness of image recognition tasks. The objectives of the AI in Medicine (AIM) program were set to leverage the opportunities and advantages of the rapidly evolving Artificial Intelligence technology to achieve real and measurable gains in public healthcare, in quality, access, public confidence and cost efficiency. The proposal for a collaborative AI-human image diagnostics system falls directly into the scope of this program.
Peningkatan Akurasi Ketepatan Sudut Pengumpanan dan Penerima Bola pada Robot Sepak Bola Beroda Menggunakan Kombinasi Metode Gyrodometry dan Image Processing
Authors: Safatain Ridwanda , Khumaidi Agus , Sukoco Didik
Published: May 2024

Kontes Robot Indonesia (KRI) adalah sebuah acara tahunan yang diadakan oleh Pusat Prestasi Nasional. Kontes Robot Sepak Bola Beroda (KRSBI – Beroda) merupakan salah satu kontes yang ada di KRI. Pada KRBI – Beroda robot harus berjalan secara autonomous. Kemampuan utama yang harus dimiliki oleh robot adalah dapat menemukan bola, mengumpan bola, dan menendang bola ke gawang. Dalam dua tahun terakhir, tema yang ditekankan dalam KRBI – Beroda adalah ketepatan umpan, namun belum banyak tim yang dapat melakukan umpan secara akurat ke robot kawan. Dalam melakukan umpan, hal pertama yang dilakukan adalah robot harus mengetahui posisi robot itu sendiri. Kedua, robot harus bisa mengetahui posisi robot kawan. Selanjutnya adalah kedua robot harus bisa mengetahui posisi bola. Jika hal di atas dapat dilakukan, maka strategi mengumpan bola akan bisa dilakukan. Keunggulan menggunakan metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah apabila robot tidak dapat berhadapan dengan benar menggunakan nilai posisi robot, robot dapat bergerak agar robot saling berhadapan menggunakan deteksi objek yang diolah dari kamera. Pada penelitian ini, metode gyrodometry digunakan untuk memetakan posisi robot berdasarkan nilai yang didapat pada sensor gyroscope dan rotary encoder. Sedangkan image processing berfungsi untuk mendeteksi posisi bola dan robot kawan. Data posisi dari bola dan robot kawan akan dikirimkan ke mikrocontroller melalui komunikasi serial. Kemudian data akan diolah oleh mikrocontroller menjadi nilai sudut yang nilai sudut tersebut akan digunakan untuk menggeser arah hadap robot sehingga robot saling berhadapan dan siap untuk melakukan umpan. Dari hasil pengujian penerapan metode gyrodometry untuk memetakan posisi robot di lapangan didapatkan RMS error x = 15,13, dan RMS error y = 18,57 pada robot satu dan RMS error x = 14,72, dan RMS error y = 14,59 pada robot dua. Robot dapat mendeteksi bola sejauh tiga meter dan robot kawan sejauh enam meter dengan menggunakan image processing. Kombinasi gyrodometry dan image processing dapat digunakan untuk kendali posisi mengumpan bola kepada robot kawan dengan akurasi 86,67 %, meningkat 13,34% dengan mengumpan bola tanpa menggunakan metode.
Serial monitoring of the audiogram in hearing conservation using Gaussian processes
Authors: McMillan Garnett P. , DeBacker J. Riley , Hungerford Michelle , Konrad-Martin Dawn
Published: May 2024

Most hearing conservation programs repeatedly monitor a subject's pure tone thresholds before, during, and after exposure to audiopathic agents. Changes to the audiogram that meet significant shift criteria such as ASHA, CTCAE, and so forth are considered evidence of audiopathic injury. Despite a wide variety of definitions for significant change, all current serial monitoring methods are biased due to regression to the mean and are prone to inconclusive results. These problems diminish the diagnostic accuracy and utility of serial monitoring. Here we propose adopting Gaussian processes to address these issues in a manner that maximizes time efficiency and can be administered using portable equipment at the point of care.
The impact of disc degeneration on the dynamic characteristics of the lumbar spine: a finite element analysis
Authors: Wang Xue , Liu Wei , Zhao Yaqiong , Ma Pengcheng
Published: May 2024

The dynamics of disc degeneration was analyzed to determine the effect of disc degeneration at the L4-L5 segment on the dynamic characteristics of the total lumbar spine. A three-dimensional nonlinear finite element model of the L1-S1 normal lumbar spine was constructed and validated. This normal model was then modified to construct two degeneration models with different degrees of degeneration (mild, moderate) at the L4-L5 level. Modal analysis, harmonic response analysis, and transient dynamics analysis were performed on the total lumbar spine when experiencing following compressive loading (500 N). As the degree of disc degeneration increased, the vibration patterns corresponding to the first three orders of the model’s intrinsic frequency were basically unchanged, with the first order being in the left-right lateral bending direction, the second order being in the forward-flexion and backward-extension direction, and the third order being in the axial stretching direction. The nucleus pulposus pressure peaks corresponding to the first order intrinsic frequency for the harmonic response analysis are all on the right side of the model, with sizes of 0.053 MPa, 0.061 MPa, and 0.036 MPa, respectively; the nucleus pulposus pressure peaks corresponding to the second order intrinsic frequency are all at the rear of the model, with sizes of 0.13 MPa, 0.087 MPa, and 0.11 MPa, respectively; and the nucleus pulposus pressure peaks corresponding to the third order intrinsic frequency are all at the front of the model, with sizes of 0.19 MPa, 0.22 MPa, and 0.22 MPa, respectively. The results of the transient analysis indicated that over time, the response curves of the healthy model, the mild model, and the moderate model all exhibited cyclic response characteristics. Intervertebral disc degeneration did not adversely affect the vibration characteristics of the entire lumbar spine system. Intervertebral disc degeneration significantly altered the dynamics of the degenerative segments and their neighboring normal segments. The process of disc degeneration gradually shifted the load from the nucleus pulposus to the annulus fibrosus when the entire lumbar spine was subjected to the same vibratory environment.
From screens to carts: the role of emotional advertising appeals in shaping consumer intention to repurchase in the era of online shopping in post-pandemic
Authors: Alshohaib Khalid Ali
Published: May 2024

This study examines the evolving dynamics of online shopping behavior in the post-COVID-19 era, focusing on the intricate relationship between perceived usefulness, ease of use, pleasure, arousal, dominance emotional state, and intention to repurchase by integrating and employing the technology acceptance model and pleasure, arousal, and dominance emotional model. These emotional states, identified as pivotal drivers of online shopping behavior, contribute to recognizing a brand’s function and aesthetic features. Five hundred and nine male and female respondents from Saudi Arabia participated in the present study. The statistical tools unveil significant indirect relationships and mediation effects, offering insights into the nuanced pathways through which perceived usefulness and ease of use impact consumer intentions to repurchase. Demographic variables, particularly age, and gender, are explored to understand variations in emotional responses, guiding businesses in tailoring marketing strategies to diverse consumer segments. Practical implications highlight the importance of strategic considerations for brand retailers, emphasizing enhancements to elements related to emotional branding, product presentations, interface design, and interactive services on websites. The research advocates for a dynamic and personalized approach to online experiences, positioning brands favorably in the competitive digital landscape. Overall, the findings contribute valuable insights for businesses seeking to navigate the dynamic terrain of post-COVID-19 online shopping and foster enduring connections with their digital consumer base.
Management of peripheral arterial disease in the context of a multidisciplinary limb program
Authors: Neville Richard F.
Published: May 2024

Peripheral artery disease (PAD) continues to increase in prevalence worldwide due to risk factors such as advanced age, diabetes mellitus, and obesity. Critical limb ischemia (CLTI) is the advanced form of PAD that can result in a lack of healing and limb loss as the most devastating consequence. Patients with PAD, especially CLTI, benefit from multidisciplinary care to optimize outcomes by reducing cardiovascular morbidity and mortality and preventing lower extremity amputation. Collaboration between various specialties allows a focus on problems involved in treating the patient with PAD including prevention, screening, medical care, wound care, infection, and revascularization when needed. Although there is no clear definition or consensus on the structure of the PAD team, certain guidelines are applicable to most clinical scenarios emphasizing “provider champions” in leading a clinical program. A vascular specialist (vascular surgery, interventional radiology, interventional cardiology) and a soft tissue specialist (podiatry, plastic surgery) are the typical “champions,” often involving orthopedics, general surgery, vascular medicine, diabetology/endocrinology, infectious disease, nephrology, and rehabilitation medicine. The team should also include wound nurses, nutritionists, occupational therapists, orthotists, pharmacists, physical therapists, prosthetists, and social workers. This paper presents a brief overview of the structure of the multidisciplinary team with key components and functions of such a team to optimize treatment outcomes for PAD and CLTI.
Analysis of transient characteristics and design improvement of the passive residual heat removal system of NHR-200-II
Authors: Yiwa Geng , Xiongbin Liu , Ziyi Li , Shuliang Huang , Lanyu Zhou , Yanfang Xue , Xiaotian Li , Yajun Zhang
Published: May 2024

NHR-200-II is a small integrated pressurized water reactor with 200 MW core thermal power. The core heat is transferred to two independent intermediate circuits via fourteen in-vessel primary heat exchangers (PHE), and the heat in the intermediate circuits is transferred to feedwater by two steam generators (SG) in the two intermediate circuits respectively. A passive residual heat removal (PRHR) branch is connected to each intermediate circuit to remove core decay heat under postulated accidents. During normal operation, PRHR branches are isolated by valves while SG branches in intermediate circuits are open. The valves in PRHR branches will be opened and the isolation valves of SG branches will be closed during decay heat removal scenarios. The decay heat removal capacity of NHR-200-II PRHRS could be seriously deteriorated once the isolation valves for SG branches fail to close, which was confirmed in a scaled integral test loop previously. Current understanding of PRHRS’s thermal-hydraulic characteristics with possible isolation failure in SG branches is limited. In this paper, the NHR-200-II PRHRS is modeled with RELAP5 considering the case of success and fail to isolate SG branches. A series of numerical simulations are carried out to study the impact of various parameters, such as the initial temperature, the size of the intermediate circuits’ header, and the initial flow direction in the intermediate circuits. Oscillatory flow is found when SG branches fail to be isolated under certain parameters combinations. An improved PRHRS design is purposed to eliminate possible flow oscillations, and the purposed improved design are tested by numerical simulations.
Association between migraine and venous thromboembolism: a Mendelian randomization and genetic correlation study
Authors: Wu Xu-Peng , Niu Peng-Peng , Liu Hong
Published: May 2024

Objective

Previous observational studies have reported an increased risk of venous thromboembolism (VTE) among individuals with migraine. This study aimed to investigate the causal effect of migraine on the development of VTE, as well as explore the genetic correlation between them.

Methods

We conducted a two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) study using publicly available summary statistics from large-scale genome-wide association studies for migraine and VTE. Linkage disequilibrium score regression analysis was performed to estimate the genetic correlation between migraine and VTE.

Results

There were several shared risk variants (p-value < 5 × 10−8) between migraine and VTE. Linkage disequilibrium score regression analysis found a significant positive genetic correlation between migraine and VTE. The genetic correlations based on two migraine datasets were 0.208 (se = 0.031, p-value = 2.91 × 10−11) and 0.264 (se = 0.040, p-value = 4.82 × 10−11), respectively. Although main MR analysis showed that migraine was associated with an increased risk of VTE (odds ratio = 1.069, 95% confidence interval = 1.022–1.118, p-value = 0.004), the association attenuated to non-significance when using several other MR methods and using another set of genetic instruments. In addition, evidence of heterogeneity was found. Reverse MR analysis showed VTE was associated with increased risk of migraine with aura (odds ratio = 1.137, 95% confidence interval = 1.062–1.218, p-value = 2.47 × 10−4) with no evidence of pleiotropy and heterogeneity.

Conclusion

We showed suggestive evidence indicating an association between migraine and increased risk of VTE. Additionally, we found robust evidence suggesting that VTE is associated with an increased risk of migraine. The positive genetic correlation indicates that migraine and VTE has shared genetic basis. Further investigations will be necessary to address potential sex-specific effects in the analysis.
Using open-science workflow tools to produce SCEC CyberShake physics-based probabilistic seismic hazard models
Authors: Callaghan Scott , Maechling Philip J. , Silva Fabio , Su Mei-Hui , Milner Kevin R. , Graves Robert W. , Olsen Kim B. , Cui Yifeng , Vahi Karan , Kottke Albert , Goulet Christine A. , Deelman Ewa , Jordan Thomas H. , Ben-Zion Yehuda
Published: May 2024

The Statewide (formerly Southern) California Earthquake Center (SCEC) conducts multidisciplinary earthquake system science research that aims to develop predictive models of earthquake processes, and to produce accurate seismic hazard information that can improve societal preparedness and resiliency to earthquake hazards. As part of this program, SCEC has developed the CyberShake platform, which calculates physics-based probabilistic seismic hazard analysis (PSHA) models for regions with high-quality seismic velocity and fault models. The CyberShake platform implements a sophisticated computational workflow that includes over 15 individual codes written by 6 developers. These codes are heterogeneous, ranging from short-running high-throughput serial CPU codes to large, long-running, parallel GPU codes. Additionally, CyberShake simulation campaigns are computationally extensive, typically producing tens of terabytes of meaningful scientific data and metadata over several months of around-the-clock execution on leadership-class supercomputers. To meet the needs of the CyberShake platform, we have developed an extreme-scale workflow stack, including the Pegasus Workflow Management System, HTCondor, Globus, and custom tools. We present this workflow software stack and identify how the CyberShake platform and supporting tools enable us to meet a variety of challenges that come with large-scale simulations, such as automated remote job submission, data management, and verification and validation. This platform enabled us to perform our most recent simulation campaign, CyberShake Study 22.12, from December 2022 to April 2023. During this time, our workflow tools executed approximately 32,000 jobs, and used up to 73% of the Summit system at Oak Ridge Leadership Computing Facility. Our workflow tools managed about 2.5 PB of total temporary and output data, and automatically staged 19 million output files totaling 74 TB back to archival storage on the University of Southern California's Center for Advanced Research Computing systems, including file-based relational data and large binary files to efficiently store millions of simulated seismograms. CyberShake extreme-scale workflows have generated simulation-based probabilistic seismic hazard models that are being used by seismological, engineering, and governmental communities.
Exercise for frailty research frontiers: a bibliometric analysis and systematic review
Authors: Xu Wenyuan , Zhao Xianghu , Zeng Meiling , Wu Shengbing , He Yikang , Zhou Meiqi
Published: May 2024

Background

Exercise intervention is a method of improving and preventing frailty in old age through physical exercise and physical activity. It has a positive impact on many chronic diseases and health risk factors, in particular cardiovascular disease, metabolic disease, osteoporosis, mental health problems and cancer prevention, and exercise therapies can also fight inflammation, increase muscle strength and flexibility, improve immune function, and enhance overall health. This study was aimed to analyze research hotspots and frontiers in exercise therapies for frailty through bibliometric methods.

Methods

In this study, data of publications from 1st January 2003 to 31st August 2023 were gathered from the Web of Science Core Collection and analyzed the hotspots and frontiers of frailty research in terms of remarkable countries/regions, institutions, cited references, authors, cited journals, burst keywords, and high-frequency keywords using CiteSpace 6.2.R3 software. The PRISMA reporting guidelines were used for this study.

Results

A collection of 7,093 publications was obtained, showing an increasing trend each year. BMC Geriatrics led in publications, while Journals of Gerontology Series A-Biological Sciences and Medical Sciences dominated in citations. The United States led in centrality and publications, with the University of Pittsburgh as the most productive institution. Leocadio R had the highest publication ranking, while Fried Lp ranked first among cited authors. Keywords in the domain of exercise therapies for frailty are “frailty,” “older adult,” “physical activity,” “exercise,” and “mortality,” with “sarcopenia” exhibiting the greatest centrality. The keywords formed 19 clusters, namely “#0 older persons,” “#1 mortality,” “#2 muscle strength,” “#3 bone mineral density,” “#4 muscle mass,” “#5 older adults,” “#6 older people,” “#7 women’s health,” “#8 frail elderly,” “#9 heart failure,” “#10 geriatric assessment,” “#11 comprehensive geriatric assessment,” “#12 outcm,” “#13 alzheimers disease,” “#14 quality of life,” “#15 health care,” “#16 oxidative stress,” “#17 physical activity,” and “#18 protein.”

Conclusion

This study presents the latest developments and trends in research on frailty exercise intervention treatments over the past 20 years using CiteSpace visualization software. Through systematic analyses, partners, research hotspots and cutting-edge directions were revealed, providing a guiding basis for future research.
Screening and identification of an aflatoxin B1-degrading strain from the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau and biodegradation products analysis
Authors: Tang Ying , Liu Xiaojing , Dong Ling , He Shengran
Published: May 2024

This research aimed to address the issue of aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) contamination, which posed severe health and economic consequences. This study involved exploring unique species resources in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, screening strains capable of degrading AFB1. UPLC-Q-Orbitrap HRMS and NMR were employed to examine the degradation process and identify the structure of the degradation products. Results showed that Bacillus amyloliquefaciens YUAD7, isolated from yak dung in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, removed 91.7% of AFB1 from TSB-AFB1 medium with an AFB1 concentration of 10 μg/mL (72 h, 37°C, pH 6.8) and over 85% of AFB1 from real food samples at 10 μg/g (72 h, 37°C), exhibiting strong AFB1 degradation activity. Bacillus amyloliquefaciens YUAD7’s extracellular secretions played a major role in AFB1 degradation mediated and could still degrade AFB1 by 43.16% after boiling for 20 min. Moreover, B. amyloliquefaciens YUAD7 demonstrated the capability to decompose AFB1 through processes such as hydrogenation, enzyme modification, and the elimination of the -CO group, resulting in the formation of smaller non-toxic molecules. Identified products include C12H14O4, C5H12N2O2, C10H14O2, C4H12N2O, with a structure consisting of dimethoxyphenyl and enoic acid, dimethyl-amino and ethyl carbamate, polyunsaturated fatty acid, and aminomethyl. The results indicated that B. amyloliquefaciens YUAD7 could be a potentially valuable strain for industrial-scale biodegradation of AFB1 and providing technical support and new perspectives for research on biodegradation products.
Comprehensive analysis of juvenile idiopathic arthritis patients’ immune characteristics based on bulk and single-cell sequencing data
Authors: Liu Mubo , Gong Yadong , Lin Mu , Ma Qingqing
Published: May 2024

Background:

The pathogenesis of juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) is strongly influenced by an impaired immune system. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying its development and progression have not been elucidated. In this study, the computational methods TRUST4 were used to construct a T-cell receptor (TCR) and B-cell receptor (BCR) repertoire from the peripheral blood of JIA patients via bulk RNA-seq data, after which the clonality and diversity of the immune repertoire were analyzed.

Results:

Our findings revealed significant differences in the frequency of clonotypes between the JIA and healthy control groups in terms of the TCR and BCR repertoires. This work identified specific V genes and J genes in TCRs and BCRs that could be used to expand our understanding of JIA. After single-cell RNA analysis, the relative percentages of CD14 monocytes were significantly greater in the JIA group. Cell-cell communication analysis revealed the significant role of the MIF signaling pathway in JIA.

Conclusion:

In conclusion, this work describes the immune features of both the TCR and BCR repertoires under JIA conditions and provides novel insight into immunotherapy for JIA.