bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
First report of albinism in a lactating female of the chestnut long-tongued bat Lionycteris spurrelli Thomas, 1913 (Chiroptera, Phyllostomidae)
Authors: Genelhú Sebastião Maximiano Corrêa , Simões Matheus Henrique , Assis Miguel Angelo Cançado , Ribeiro Mariane Soares , Prous Xavier
Published: February 2022

Albinism is a genetic disorder that causes pigmentation anomalies. Even though supposedly rare in free-living mammals, cases of albinism have been reported worldwide, particularly in bats. In this article we present a new case of albinism in a Lionycteris spurrelli Thomas, 1913. The individual, observed in an Amazon region iron ore cave, in Northern Brazil, was a lactating female with a dark-brown pelage pup.
A snapshot of rodents and shrews of agroecosystems in Ethiopian highlands using camera traps
Authors: Meheretu Yonas , Tilahun Tadesse , Engdayehu Getachew , Bosma Luwieke , Mulualem Getachew , Craig Evan W. , Bryja Josef , van Steenbergen Frank
Published: February 2022

Considering climate change and high population increase, the conversion of natural habitats into arable land is rising at an alarming rate in the Ethiopian highlands. The impact on the diversity of rodents and shrews is difficult to measure since historical data are often unavailable. However, the relative effects of such land-use changes could be contemplated by comparing with data from similar natural habitats in adjacent areas. Between October to November 2018, we randomly setup 20 infrared camera traps in wheat fields located near Mount Guna at about 3350 m elevation, as part of a large research project investigating the efficacy of rodent repellent botanicals. We recorded six rodent species (Arvicanthis abyssinicus, Dendromus lovati, Dendromus mystacalis, Hystrix cristata, Mus mahomet and Stenocephalemys albipes) and two shrew species (Crocidura cf. baileyi and Crocidura olivieri). A. abyssinicus, H. cristata and S. albipes are known to occur in agricultural fields. D. lovati was recorded from anthropogenic habitat for the first time in this study. The species has been described as rare or difficult to capture with conventional traps. We call for rigorous biodiversity studies and conservation measures in agroecosystems in the Ethiopian highlands to avert further losses in biodiversity and ecosystem services.
Lung involvement by chest CT images in covid-19 patients in a Specialty Hospital in the Northeast of Mexico
Authors: Garcia Alvarado Francisco Javier , Muñoz Hernández Melisa Alejandra , Segura Lopez Fany Karina , Delgado-Aguirre Héctor Alberto , Gaona Hernández Yazmín Esmeralda , Arellano Rosales Jaime Suriel
Published: February 2022

Chest imaging (CT) plays an important role in the detection and diagnosis of covid-19. The objective of this study is the local experience of CT-based semi-quantitative score of lung involvement as well as the clinical staging in covid-19 patients at the Specialty Medical Institution No. 71 (UMAE, from its Spanish acronym). This is a single- center, retrospective study, in which 71 patients (44 men, 27 women; mean age 50 ± 14.1, range 25-84 years) were selected with positive tests of RT-PCR for SARS-CoV-2 and a confirmed diagnosis of covid-19. Chest CT images showed as predominant pattern the mixed pattern (n = 26, 36.6%), and other common findings included ground glass opacities (GGO) (n = 25, 35.2%), crazy paving (n = 15, 21.1%), and lung consolidation (n = 5, 7.0%). The chest computed tomography findings were bilateral lesions (n = 64, 90.1%), subpleural distribution (n = 61, 85.9%), and lower lobes (n = 31, 43,6%). The characteristic pulmonary tomographic pattern was ground-glass opacities and a bilateral mixed pattern of peripheral distribution towards the posterior regions.
PENGARUH PERSEPSI, EFIKASI DIRI DAN LINGKUNGAN KELUARGA TERHADAP MINAT MENJADI GURU
Authors: Amalia Nisrina Nur , Pramusinto Hengky
Published: February 2022

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh persepsi, efikasi diri dan lingkungan keluarga terhadap minat menjadi guru pada Mahasiswa Jurusan Pendidikan Administrasi Perkantoran 2015 Universitas Negeri Semarang. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah mahasiswa pendidikan administrasi perkantoran 2015 berjumlah 106 orang dan semua dijadikan responden. Metode pengumpulan data dengan kuesioner dan wawancara. Metode analisis data penelitian ini menggunakan analisis regresi linear berganda dan deskriptif persentase. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa secara simultan variabel persepsi, efikasi diri dan lingkungan keluarga berpengaruh terhadap minat menjadi guru sebesar 35%. Variabel dengan pengaruh terbesar adalah lingkungan keluarga dengan pengaruh sebesar 6,5%, sedangkan variabel persepsi sebesar 5,66%, dan efikasi diri sebesar 3,7%.
ANALISIS PERENCANAAN PEMBANGUNAN DAN PENINGKATAN KUALITAS INFRASTRUKTUR EKONOMI SOSIAL UNTUK MENINGKATKAN KUALITAS PENDIDIKAN
Authors: Zulekha Siti , Muhsin Muhsin
Published: February 2022

Pembangunan dan peningkatan kualitas infrastruktur ekonomi sosial di Kabupaten Batang dilakukan sebagai salah satu upaya mewujudkan kualitas bidang pendidikan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan dan menganalisis proses perencanaan dan pencapaian pembangunan infrastruktur di Kabupaten Batang dengan  pendekatan deskriptif kualitatif. Teknik pengumpulan data dengan wawancara dan dokumentasi. Teknik pemerikasaan keabsahan data dilakukan dengan triangulasi sumber. Teknik analisis data dilakukan secara deskriptif kualitatif. Hasil penelitian menemukan bahwa (1) Proses perencanaan pembangunan dan peningkatan kualitas infrastruktur ekonomi sosial untuk meningkatkan kualitas pendidikan di Kabupaten Batang menjadi tugas dan kewenangan dari Bappelitbang Kabupaten Batang melalui empat proses yaitu penyusunan rancangan awal, pelaksanaan Musrenbang, perumusan rancangan akhir; dan penetapan rencana. (2) Hasil pembangunan dan peningkatan kualitas infrastruktur ekonomi sosial di Kabupaten Batang pada tahun 2018 adalah sebesar 75,77% atau pencapaiannya cukup berhasil/cukup baik. Capaian pada indikator pendidikan jenjang PAUD mengalami peningkatan dari tahun 2012 sampai 2016 sehingga dapat dikategorikan baik. Pada jenjang sekolah dasar 9 tahun mengalami fluktuasi pada tiap indikator. Pada indikator angka kelulusan untuk SD/MI perlu ditingkatkan kembali. Capaian pada jenjang SMA/SMK pada tiap indikator mengalami fluktuasi, sementara angka kelulusan pada jenjang SMA/SMK/MA ini perlu untuk tingkatkan kembali.
Discovering Dominga: Indigenous Migration and the Logics of Indigenous Displacement
Authors: Lopez Floridalma Boj
Published: February 2022

This article examines the ways in which Indigenous migrants are folded into the logics of settler colonialism through an analysis of the human rights film Discovering Dominga (2003). The documentary follows Denese Joy Becker/Dominga Sic Ruiz, who was adopted by a white family as a child, as she comes to learn that she is a survivor of the 1982 Río Negro Massacres committed in Baja Verapaz, Guatemala, against the Maya Achí people. Through visual analysis I examine how Indigenous displacement and transnational adoption are contextualized within the film to reproduce settler-colonial logics of Native elimination. Through a transnational reading of Indigeneity, this article argues that the film emphasizes Indigenous genocide as something that occurs only in other countries and not in Denese/Dominga’s U.S. hometown of Algona, Iowa. As a result, the film erases Algona’s own history of Indigenous dispossession and absolves everyday white U.S. citizens of extending to Indigenous migrant people the genocidal practices produced through settler colonialism.
Clyde Woods: The People’s Prof!
Authors: Osuna Steven
Published: February 2022

When I was a graduate student, Clyde Woods welcomed me to Black studies and the University of California, Santa Barbara (UCSB). He told me I would be okay, and he made sure to knock me upside the head when I was not paying attention. He also debated with me about the merits of the Wu-Tang Clan. He was not too fond of them. From the day I met him in 2009 to the night I said goodbye in 2011, Clyde was an important part of my intellectual development, and he continues to be part of the organic intellectual I am continuously becoming.
Radical Mutual Aid, International Working-Class Struggle, Antiracist Organizing: An Interpretation of Club Cubano Inter-Americano’s History
Authors: Delgado Daniel
Published: February 2022

This article excavates the histories interwoven through the functioning of Club Cubano Inter-Americano (CCI), an organization founded in 1945 by a group of mostly Afro-Cuban migrants in New York City. In essence, the transnational nature of CCI’s space of reception and congregation offered a significant opportunity for mutual aid to supranationally networked peoples with distinct ideologies, cultural backgrounds, and interests. Operating at the overlaps of micro-cultural change and macro-cultural diffusion, leaders consolidated preexisting transnational information networks that shaped the relationship between Cuba and its diaspora in New York City. Examining émigré legacies of community-building and organizing, as lived during the mid-twentieth century, the paper establishes transhistorical linkages that show the daily articulations of resistance to structures of anti-immigration and anti-Blackness. In particular, the analysis highlights efforts in the context of a struggle against discrimination, environmental racism, and geographies of cultural alienation. By telling a story of communal uplift, the paper brings to life a history that lays bare the undergirding logics of public health shortcomings for urban populations, past and present, in a period of intensifying imperialism.
“Metamorphic Liberation”: Radical Self-Care and the Biopolitical Agency of Black Women
Authors: Ward Mako Fitts
Published: February 2022

The Black Radical Tradition has always captured the fluidity of life, death, and the afterlife of sustained modes of repression that propel Black bodies into hypervisible spectacles of existence. Using what Viviane Saleh-Hanna calls a “Black Feminist Hauntology,” this article draws from work on the temporality of white terrorism, necropolitical social movements, and Black violability to frame Black women’s biopolitical agency in ways that capture what our lives could be post-COVID and amid a resurgence of movements for Black lives.  Bridging the poeticism of Black feminist writers such as Audre Lorde, bell hooks, and Sonya Renee Taylor, I argue that the movement for radical self-care, interpreted from a necropolitical discursive frame, offers the possibilities for what Saleh-Hanna calls “metamorphic liberation.” The article explores the movement’s foundations inside the Black feminist commons as an important site for support and healing during the multiple pandemics of 2020.
Leith Mullings on the New Hidden Forms of Structural Racism
Authors: Mullings Leith
Published: February 2022

None
White Apocalypses, Global Antiblackness, and the Art of Living through and against Death-Worlds
Authors: Wooten Terrance , Alves Jaime A.
Published: February 2022

Implicit in what follows is our attempt to answer a complicated question: How do we mourn the loss of Black life globally in a way that does not reproduce the primacy of the Human over Nature or the Global Black Male over all other differentially positioned Black gendered subjects? Or, put otherwise, what happens when Black mourning goes global, who gets to be mourned, what is being mourned, and what do we risk reifying when we mourn Black life through the heuristics of the “global” or when holding grieving fantasies about the Human project, as Sylvia Wynter would have it? To explore these questions, we first frame how it is that we think about Black globality to then geospatialize it in locally grounded and rooted places and temporalities. From there, we reflect on the competing temporal dimensions of global Black life by interrogating how racial capitalism informs our desires for a new normal, sometimes prefigured as a return to the old normal—a mourning for lost time that quickly forgets the colonial ordering that never ceased and therefore always already awaits our return. We end in honoring the dead by listening to the living, amplifying the voices of our contributors, who serve as conduits for our ancestors. We see them engaging in what Sharon P. Holland calls the “ultimate queer act” of “bringing back the dead (or saving the living from the shadow of death).” In this way, we see our entire issue as a kind of memorial. Accordingly, we chose to forego an introduction to instead reflect upon and re-collect with the reader the offerings provided by the talented group of scholars and activists who made this issue come to life, even as it was born out of global Black death(s).
Specificities of the science of educational rehabilitation in Central and Eastern Europe
Authors: Bouillet Dejana
Published: February 2022

Scientific journals are amongst the most important sources of information regarding the status, content and other relevant characteristics of educational rehabilitation. A content analysis of scientific journals in an area illuminates its main trends and development. This work seeks to analyse basic trademarks of educational rehabilitation practice in countries from Central and Eastern Europe, specifically 15 post-socialist countries which have, during the 1990s, seen substantial political and social changes.  This research includes 4 scientific journals in which educational rehabilitation scientists have published most of the existing scientific work during the period from 2008 to 2016. These are: Croatian Review of Rehabilitation Research, Journal of Special Education and Rehabilitation, Research in Developmental Disabilities and Special Education. This research is based on an analysis of 273 published abstracts, by means of quantitative content analysis.

The main hypothesis was that educational rehabilitation science in European post-socialist countries has recognisable content and method, with the primary purpose of developing scientifically verified interventions.  These contribute to the promotion of developmental, educational and social status for people with various difficulties. Such a hypothesis has been partially confirmed. It was established that there is recognisable content and method, but the predominance of scientifically verified interventions has not been established. The science of educational rehabilitation is primarily characterised by themes of specific abilities of a certain group of people with disabilities. This includes an analysis of the efficiency of various interventative methods being present in one third of the publications. In conclusion, the results of this research indicate the need for further improvement of scientific activities within the science of educational rehabilitation in Central and Eastern Europe, both in diversity of the scientific methodology and regarding a focus on the interventions themselves (including evaluation, but also the theoretical basis regarding their meaningfulness).
Stratigraphy of the Upper Pleistocene<Holocene deposits of the Black and Azov seas
Authors: INOZEMTSEV Yu.I. , PARISHEV O.O. , MASLAKOV M.O. , RYBAK O.M. , STUPINA L.V.
Published: February 2022

The results of comparison of stratigraphic sections of Upper Pleistocene-Holocene sediments of the Black and Azov Seas, the main stratotypic areas: the Kerch Strait, the northwestern shelf of the Black Sea, the Azov Sea and its southern shores. It was established that in the post-Karangate time, as a result of fluctuations in the level of the World Ocean and the Ponto-Caspian basin connected with it through the Bosporus Strait, the character of sedimentation, and above all, the distribution in it of Mediterranean and Caspian mollusc complexes is the main criterion for the character of sedimentation and correlation of stratigraphic horizons. It has been established that the Kerch Strait presents a complex section formed by repeated alternation of marine and river sediments with their accompanying complex of mollusks, which served as the basis for the separation of such stratigraphic horizons as Surozh, Alan, Gorkan, Enikale. In other parts of marine areas similar or close to them types of sediments are called Kazantip in the Azov Sea and Tarhankut in the Karkinit Gulf of the northwestern shelf of the Black Sea. The stratigraphic correlation of different facies sediments in different parts of the shelf of the Black and Azov Seas requires further more detailed study of sedimentation conditions, with regard to the timing of the Caspian fauna representatives in the Upper Pleistocene-Holocene sediments of the Azov-Black Sea basin.
Grain Charging and Shielding Processes in Collisional Plasmas
Authors: Bronin S.Ya. , D’yachkov L.G. , Khrapak A.G. , Vladimirov S.V.
Published: February 2022

Effects of the volume processes of plasma ionization and recombination are usually disregarding for the simplification of analytical models of charging and shielding of dust grains in complex plasmas. However, these effects can be important in many cases, and they should be taken into account in self-consistent theories of dust grain charging and shielding in bulk structures. In this paper, we generalize our theoretical model for highly collisional plasma (D'yachkov L.G. et al., Phys. Plasmas 14, 042102 (2007)) with regard for the volume ionization and recombination.
Sabina Sebyłowa – emancypatka, pisarka, archiwistka wspomnień
Authors: Derewiecka Olga
Published: February 2022

Sabina Sebyłowa is a woman who decided to live together with a young, promising Polish poet, Władysław Sebyła, even though she was aware that his profession did not allow her to support her family. Sebyłowa was a liberated, feminizing woman who developed her passions, supported her husband, worked hard and was appreciated professionally. From the birth of her son, she began to keep a diary, keeping the fleeting family, social, cultural and social moments of pre‑war Warsaw. After her husband’s death, she cared for the memory of him, secured his entire legacy, thus wanting to restore the memory of him as an outstanding poet, beginner painter, radio host, and a man of wise understood culture. Sebyłowa’s mission until the end of her life was to keep the memory of her husband.
Funkcje myślnika – norma i jednoznaczność
Authors: Bortliczek Małgorzata
Published: February 2022

The paper describes a hyphen – one of the punctuation marks, which encourages the professionals, who are responsible for the standardization of Polish spelling, to discuss it. Its shape and manner of embedding in a text (with or without a space), and its functions are explained in 93 principle. Principles of spelling and punctuation. A place od hyphen in a sentence can be conditioned both by syntax and prosody. A hyphen can also play an important role in the specification of meaning.
Investigation of multidrug-resistant Helicobacter pylori in pediatric patients: A Bulgarian study and literature data
Authors: Boyanova Lyudmila , Hadzhiyski Petyo , Markovska Rumyana , Gergova Raina
Published: February 2022

Antibiotic resistance ofHelicobacter pyloristrains from 106 symptomatic children was evaluated according to EUCAST breakpoints and rate of multidrug resistance (MDR) was analyzed. Overall resistance rates were amoxicillin 7.5%, metronidazole 25.5%, clarithromycin 34.0% and ciprofloxacin 14.1%. There were no significant differences in resistance rates according to patients' age (2–6 and 7–18 years) and sex. Combined resistance rate was 19.8%, including double, triple, and quadruple resistance in 13.2% (14 strains), 5.7% (6) and 0.9% (1) of the strains, respectively. MDR was found in 5.9% (5/84) of the children with gastritis and in two of the four children with celiac disease. The MDR was present in three children aged 4–6 years and in four children aged 10–17 years. The total MDR rate (6.6%) in Bulgarian children in 2012–2021 was higher than those in other studies based on EUCAST breakpoints such as those in pediatric patients in Slovenia in 2011–2014 (3.8%), Lithuania in 2013–2015 (0%) and Spain in 2014–2019 (0%), although being lower than those (20.7% in the untreated and 47.0% in the treated children) in China in 2019. In brief, it is of concern that MDR can strongly limit the choice ofH. pyloritherapy of one out of fifteen Bulgarian children and that overall resistance to both metronidazole and clarithromycin can hinder the treatment of 15.1% of the pediatric patients. Susceptibility-guided tailored eradication therapy ofH. pyloriinfection should be more frequently implemented in the symptomatic children to avoid risks of both the infection itself and multiple antibiotic treatments.
MANAJEMEN STRATEGIK DALAM MENINGKATKAN MUTU ‎PENDIDIKAN MADRASAH IBTIDAIYAH
Authors: Adilah Hilya Gania , Suryana Yaya
Published: February 2022

Mutu pendidikan tidak akan berhasil tanpa strategi yang tepat terhadap penyempurnaan mutu seluruh komponen, permasalahan yang terjadi meliputi profesionalisme guru, standar kompetensi lulusan, pembelajaran efektif, dan program yang tidak menunjang terhadap pencapaian mutu. Salah satu upaya peningkatan mutu melalui penerapan manajemen strategik sehingga mampu menentukan strategik yang tepat untuk meningkatkan mutu pendidikan. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengungkap latar alamiah, analisis kondisi lingkungan internal dan eksternal, implementasi dan evaluasi manajemen strategik, dan hasil yang dicapai dari implementasi manajemen strategik dalam meningkatkan mutu pendidikan di MI Terpadu Ar-Rifki Cileunyi Bandung. Metode penelitian yang digunakan ialah metode kualitatif deskriptif. Teknik pengumpulan data yang dilakukan melalui wawancara, observasi, dan studi dokumentasi. Hasil penelitian manajemen strategik dalam meningkatkan mutu pendidikan di MI Terpadu Ar-Rifki Cileunyi Bandung terdiri dari empat tahap yaitu analisis lingkungan, formulasi, implementasi, dan evaluasi. Analisis lingkungan dilakukan dengan menganalisis internal meliputi kekuatan dan kelemahan dan analisis eksternal meliputi peluang dan ancaman. Formulasi manajemen strategik meliputi formulasi visi, misi, tujuan dan strategi sekolah. Implementasi manajemen strategik meliputi penerapan Delapan Standar Nasional Pendidikan dan pelaksanaan manajemen kurikulum, kesiswaan dan sarana prasarana yang baik. Evaluasi manajemen strategik yang di bagi beberapa jenis yaitu evaluasi langsung terhadap program sekolah oleh kepala sekolah atau penanggung jawab program, evaluasi di bidang akademik yaitu dibidang akademik dan kurikulum ciri khas, dan pelaksanaan rapat evaluasi sekolah. Adapun faktor pendukungnya yaitu sarana dan prasarana yang memadai, prestasi yang diperoleh sekolah, hubungan baik dengan orang tua dan kemitraan. Faktor penghambatnya yaitu beberapa tenaga pendidik dan kependidikan yang belum memenuhi kualifikasi, proses pembelajaran yang terganggu, serta persaingan dengan sekolah lain yang setara merupakan ancaman bagi sekolah.
UPAYA OPTIMALISASI MUTU PEMBELAJARAN DENGAN ADAPTASI STRATEGI SUPERVISI AKADEMIK DITENGAH PANDEMI
Authors: Azhar Romi Satria , Nurman Jumira Warlizasusi , Azhar Rona Putra
Published: February 2022

Supervisor berperan penting dalam mengawal mutu pendidikan dengan tugas untuk memastikan bahwa proses pembelajaran berjalan sesuai standar nasional pendidikan. Disamping itu membantu, membimbing dan mengarahkan guru dalam meningkatkan kualitas pembelajaran. Supervisi akademik oleh kepala sekolah berorientasi pada bimbingan terhadap guru melalui diskusi dan pengarahan bersama guru sehingga dalam pelaksanaan supervisi pengajaran mengikuti tahapan yaitu perencanaan awal, pelaksanaan observasi dan tahap akhir. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengungkapkan kegiatan supervisi dan penguasaan kompetensi SMK oleh peserta didik serta adaptasi strategis pada proses supervisi sehingga berpengaruh pada optimalisasi mutu pembelajaran dalam menghadapi tantangan perubahan. Penelitian ini adalah penelitian deskriptif dengan menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif, yang menjadi objek peneltian adalah kegiatan supervisi di SMKIT Khoiru Ummah dimasa Pandemi Covid-19. Dari hasil penelitaan ini ditemukan bahwa pentingnya kegiatan supervisi dan strategi adaptasi terutama dimasa pandemi Covid-19, pentingnya pembinaan oleh kepala sekolah sebagai kegiatan supervisi guna saling mendukung peningkatan kinerja dan keterampilan guru guna mengoptimalkan mutu pembelajaran. Kegiatan supervisi secara berkala dan adanya strategi adaptasi supervisi baik dari media pembelajaran maupun evaluasi hasil pembelajaran upaya mengoptimalkan mutu pembelajaran.
Introduction
Authors: Gombrich Richard
Published: February 2022

I have been motivated to write this book mainly by two feelings: admiration and exasperation. My admiration is for the Buddha, whom I consider to be one of the greatest thinkers ñ and greatest personalities ñ of whom we have record in human history. Ranking people in an order of merit is a pursuit fit only for parlour games, but I maintain that the Buddha belongs in the same class as Plato and Aristotle, the giants who created the tradition of western philosophy. I think that his ideas should form part of the education of every child, the world over, and that this would help to make the world a more civilized place, both gentler and more intelligent.
The Antecedents of the Karma Doctrine in Brahminism
Authors: Gombrich Richard
Published: February 2022

In this chapter and the next I shall try to outline the earlier Indian ideas of rebirth and karma which led up to those taught by the Buddha. In this chapter I shall be dealing with brahminism, but only those aspects of it strictly relevant to that theme. Other aspects of brahminism which fundamentally influenced the Buddha are postponed till Chapter 5.
What Did the Buddha Mean by ´No Soul´?
Authors: Gombrich Richard
Published: February 2022

Introductions to the Buddhaís thought usually begin by highlighting two of his ideas: the First Noble Truth, that ´everything is suffering´; and the teaching of No Soul or No Self. So far I have devoted only a few short sentences in the Introduction to those ideas. There I showed that in my view the key to the Buddhaís thought is the doctrine of karma and the idea that we are all responsible for ourselves ñ an idea that has an important metaphysical aspect but is above all an ethical principle.
Causation and Non-random Process
Authors: Gombrich Richard
Published: February 2022

For which of the Buddhaís ideas was he most famous among the mass of his followers in ancient India? The theory of karma may not have been understood by later followers to be the Buddhaís distinctive contribution, because it soon came to have such a great influence on other Indian religious traditions as well. Yes, he was associated with the teaching of ëno soulí, but that was a label; the precise idea was probably understood by few. If we look, however, for the idea which provided Buddhists with their popular selfdefinition, my question has a clear answer. Buddhist institutions in ancient India provided pilgrims and other devotees with thousands and thousands of small terracotta plaques, most of which bore the same words.
The Buddha's Pragmatism and Intellectual Style
Authors: Gombrich Richard
Published: February 2022

Again and again the Buddha emphasized that his goal as a teacher was entirely pragmatic. His followers came to know him as the great physician; the Dhamma was the medicine he prescribed, the SaΔgha were the nurses whose calling it was to administer that medicine. Though there is no canonical evidence for this interpretation, modern scholars have plausibly argued that the formulation of the Four Noble Truths follows the medical idiom of the time: first the disease is diagnosed, then its origin or cause is established, then it is accordingly stated what a cure would consist of, and finally the treatment to achieve that cure is prescribed. The Buddha described himself as the surgeon who removes the arrow of craving.
The Buddha as Satirist; Brahmin Terms as Social Metaphors
Authors: Gombrich Richard
Published: February 2022

Buddhist popular literature regularly presents brahmins in a most unfavourable light. The Vessantara Jåtaka, the account of the Buddhaís last birth on earth before this final one, is probably the best-known story in the entire Theravada tradition, and has been important in other Buddhist traditions too.
The Buddha's Appropriation of Four (or Five?) Brahminical Terms
Authors: Gombrich Richard
Published: February 2022

This book shows how the Buddha both borrowed and twisted brahminical terminology. Five cases which seem to me important but not central I have here segregated in an appendix so that readers who find my discussions too technical can lighten their load by skipping them.
Introduction
Authors: Seongcheol Venerable
Published: February 2022

There are many ways to explain what Buddhism is. I will do so by making use of a variety of doctrines and sayings, and what follows may challenge what you believe Seon Buddhism to be. What then is Buddhism? It looks simple, but looks can be very deceptive. This question cannot be answered in a word. Some religions are based on one or two principal texts such as the Bible or the Koran. Buddhism, by contrast, relies on the vast number of texts contained in the Buddhist Canon (known as the Tripi¢aka Koreana). One text may say one thing and others may differ greatly. Even those with knowledge and understanding of these texts find it difficult to formulate a succinct definition of Buddhism.
Early Buddhist Thought
Authors: Seongcheol Venerable
Published: February 2022

The Buddhist middle path already in its first formulation consisted of non-attachment to either of two contrasting extremes, such as existence and non-existence or arising and ceasing. The concept can be traced back to the first sermon of the Buddha after his awakening, known as the Discourse Setting in Motion the Wheel of the Law (Dharma-cakra-pravartana Sμutra). There are many essential teachings in this discourse and the theory of the middle path is one of them. The teaching here is simple and concise. It applies in a practical way to one who has gone forth from home to homelessness. It is important to bear the origins of this theory in mind.
The Madhyamaka
Authors: Seongcheol Venerable
Published: February 2022

The Madhyamaka School, established by Nāgārjuna in around 150 to 250 CE, is one of the Indian Mahāyāna schools. Nāgārjuna was born into a Brahmin family in South India and brought up with a traditional Hindu education. Although he was clever, he was initially addicted to physical pleasures. When he realized that such desires are not conducive to happiness but to misery and suffering, he went forth1 at a stūpa on a mountain. He first learned Mahānayāna Buddhism, but he remained unsatisfied. He was looking for deep and profound teachings. He eventually acquired Mahāyāna texts and was awakened to the truth of Mahāyāna Buddhism. He dedicated the rest of his life to propagating the ideas of Mahāyāna Buddhism.
A Paradise Poisoned? Burden of the Past—Blunder of the Present
Authors: Raghavan Suren
Published: February 2022

This introductory chapter lays out the purpose of the book, which is to explore how a country permeated by the supposedly peaceful teachings of Theravāda Buddhism became a “killing field”. This broad question has generated a considerable volume of literature. This book will focus on a crucial segment of these complex developments: the powerful role of the Saṅgha Buddhist monks in the contemporary politics of war and peace in Lanka. The chapter outlines the theoretical approaches and fieldwork undertaken in the course of writing the book. The chapter also provides a history of Lanka with particular attention to the colonialist period (from 1505) to the present day and the creation of a 'federal system'. It concludes that In Lanka, the notion of independence did not come from secular forces but through an attempt to re-establish and re-assert the legitimacy of Buddhism and its chief-interpreters, the Saṅgha, eventually restoring them at the center of power and at the center of the conflict.
Yoga in Popular Music and 'Counter Culture' (the 60s and 70s)
Authors: Newcombe Suzanne
Published: February 2022

At the same time that yoga was expanding in the adult education sector, Indian spirituality was also becoming popular amongst counter cultural milieus of the late 1960s and 70s. Press coverage of music celebrity interest in Indian spirituality and yoga was initially scornful. Yet during this period, yoga and Indian religiosity became an increasingly acceptable way of looking outside British culture for inspiration. This chapter identifies The Beatles’ search for musical inspiration, the popularization of yoga via the Asian Music Circle, the Maharishi Mahesh Yogi and the International Society for Krishna Consciousness (ISKCON) as being key influences in the increasingly mainstream attention to yogic practices. This chapter covers experiential centres such as Centre House, Muz Murry’s Gandolf’s Garden, the first Sivananda Yoga Centre and the Happy Healthy Holy Organization (3HO or Kundalini Yoga) becoming established in London.
Altered States and the Origins of the Mahāyāna
Authors: Osto Douglas
Published: February 2022

This chapter argues that literary accounts of visions in some Mahāyāna sources (often referred to as samādhis) possess characteristics that are strikingly similar to reports of actually visionary experiences that individuals have undergone while their psychologies and physiologies were profoundly altered in some way. Moreover, some of the methods used to induce actual visions also parallel methods recommended or described in some Mahāyāna sūtras. These parallels are strong enough to suggest that visionary altered states of consciousness formed an experiential basis for the emergence of new Mahāyāna sūtras, which contributed to the imaginative restructuring of Buddhist cosmology found within Indian Mahāyāna Buddhism.
Introduction
Authors: Cantwell Cathy
Published: February 2022

The book begins by introducing the theme of "authorship", along with the three specific elements in the title, that is, the Tibetan master concerned, Dudjom Rinpoche (bdud 'joms 'jigs bral ye shes rdo rje, 1904-1987); the tantric deity, Vajrakīlaya; and the Tibetan Revelatory Tradition. There is a section on Dudjom Rinpoche's Collected Works; and an outline of the book's chapters.
Reincarnation and Personal Identity in the Lives of Tibetan Masters: Linking the Revelation Cycles of Three Lamas of the Dudjom Tradition
Authors: Cantwell Cathy
Published: February 2022

This chapter explores Tibetan understandings of character, personal identity, and questions of authorship, when the life story and spiritual writings in fact involve more than one person linked by a line of incarnation. The focus is the case study of Dudjom Rinpoche himself, his immediate predecessor, Dudjom Lingpa (bdud 'joms gling pa, 1835-1904), along with their seventeenth century former incarnation, Dudul Dorje (bdud 'dul rdo rje, 1615-1672).
Dudjom Rinpoche's Work on the Ultra Secret Razor (yang gsang spu gri) Vajrakīlaya
Authors: Cantwell Cathy
Published: February 2022

Dudjom Rinpoche's training with lamas of the Mindroling (smin grol gling) Monastery in Central Tibet is of importance in understanding his participation in and contributions to the broad Nyingma heritage. This chapter looks at three sets of notes on the practice of the Guru Chöwang Ultra Secret Razor Vajrakīlaya, as performed at Mindroling, which Dudjom Rinpoche compiled, together with his mentors at Mindroling. The influence of this practice tradition on Dudjom Rinpoche's other writings is a recurring theme in the book.
The Dudjom Vajrakīlaya Heritage: Dudjom Lingpa's Vajrakīlaya Cycles
Authors: Cantwell Cathy
Published: February 2022

Dudjom Lingpa's revelatory productions form the subject matter of Chapter 6, with particular attention given to his Vajrakīlaya works, especially the cycles of the Sealed Secret Heart Practice (thugs sgrub gsang ba'i rgya can) and the Sugata Essence (bde gshegs snying po), both of which Dudjom Rinpoche worked on. Some of Dudjom Lingpa's Vajrakīlaya texts outside these two main cycles also provide materials which Dudjom Rinpoche was to integrate into his compilations; one example is considered at length.
Introduction
Authors: Yu Hailing
Published: February 2022

1.1 Chinese Buddhist texts in the West 1.2 The Chan master Huineng 1.3 The Platform Sutra 1.4 Huineng and the Platform Sutra in the English world 1.5 The focus and theoretical framework of the book 1.5.1 The focus: images of Huineng 1.5.2 The theoretical framework: DTS and SFL
Paratextual Attitude and the Image of Huineng
Authors: Yu Hailing
Published: February 2022

7.1 Introduction 7.2 Attitude in the appraisal system and in translated texts 7.2.1 Attitude in the appraisal system 7.2.2 Attitude in translated texts 7.3 Paratext: the site of mediation 7.4 The Platform Sutra and Hsuan Hua’s commentary 7.5 Attitude in the commentary as mediation 7.5.1 Huineng as the hero 7.5.2 Shenxiu and others as villains 7.6 Conclusion
Conclusion
Authors: Yu Hailing
Published: February 2022

9.1 An overview: the image of Huineng in each translation 9.1.1 The image of Huineng in Wong’s translation 9.1.2 The image of Huineng in Heng’s translation 9.1.3 The image of Huineng in Cleary’s translation 9.1.4 The image of Huineng in Cheng’s translation 9.2 Why the different images: contextual considerations 9.2.1 Source text 9.2.2 Wong Mou-lam (1930) 9.2.3 Heng Yin (1977) 9.2.4 Thomas Cleary (1998) 9.2.5 Cheng Kuan (2011) 9.2.6 Summary 9.3 Implications of the study 9.3.1 Implications for translation studies 9.3.2 Implications for systemic functional linguistics 9.3.3 Implications for studies of Chan and the Platform Sutra 9.4 Concluding remarks
Researching Post-lineage Yoga
Authors: Wildcroft Theodora
Published: February 2022

Researching the specific subculture at the heart of this book necessitated the creation of an innovative methodology of co-practice, notation, and method as experiment that is newly fit for the purpose of studying bodily religious practice. In brief, that method is detailed in Chapter 2, as a preliminary map for others to follow and expand. • Co-practice as a method and its impact on understanding the teaching of yoga • An introduction to the notation system used in the book
The Construction of Practice
Authors: Wildcroft Theodora
Published: February 2022

Analysing this subculture further necessitated understanding the processes at the heart of practitioner negotiations with identity, ecology, and authority. That analysis gave rise to new models for understanding practice that were applicable to many more yogic subcultures than previously suspected. Chapter 6 details an innovative model for understanding individual practice. • Common intentions and themes that drive the construction of individual practice • Audit, remedy, innovate and savour: a structure for understanding practice construction
Conclusion: A Global Movement
Authors: Wildcroft Theodora
Published: February 2022

The book concludes by extrapolating the models, processes and intentions at the heart of post-lineage yoga as part of a global revolution in how contemporary yoga is now taught. • PLY as a common process producing uniquely emplaced subcultures • The socio-political context of PLY, within a growing revolution in transnational yoga • Risks, opportunities and implications for the future
Complaints of the Dead
Authors: Ellis Robert M.
Published: February 2022

The role of the dead is an especially mysterious aspect of the Red Book , depending on whether we take their ‘dead’ status literally or treat them as standing for the living. However, Jung’s struggle with what he feels the ‘dead’ require of him seem to require a Middle Way response as much as the rest of the book does.
Diversity of hyphomycetes on submerged leaf litter in two Atlantic Forest areas in the Northeast of Brazil with comments on the water quality
Authors: Nascimento Elder George Rodrigues do , Barbosa Marcela Alves , Tavares Wanderson Luiz , Malosso Elaine
Published: February 2022

Abstract: Aim The Atlantic Forest is a Brazilian biome whose biota plays a fundamental role in the preservation of water quality. Hyphomycetes play an important role in aquatic ecosystems as they can decompose organic matter and, consequently, contribute to nutrient cycling, maintaining aquatic life. The aim of this work was to determine the diversity and composition of the aquatic hyphomycetes community in two areas of Atlantic Forest in the state of Pernambuco (Charles Darwin Ecological Refuge) and Alagoas (Pedra Talhada Biological Reserve), in addition to comparing these communities with the water abiotic factors. Methods For this, four collections of submerged decomposing leaves, for evaluation of the fungi community, and water for measuring the parameters: acidity, alkalinity, chlorides, electrical conductivity, total coliforms, color, BOD, COD, DO, total nitrogen, pH, total solids, sulfates, temperature and turbidity, and calculation of the Water Quality Index (WQI) were carried out. The samplings took place between July/2018 and May/2019, at six points along a stream in each study area. Results Fifty-three taxa were identified, and 1926 occurrences were recorded in 2592 leaf fragments. There was a predominance of Blodgettia aquatica, Blodgettia indica, Flagellospora penicillioides, Flagellospora sp., Mycoleptodiscus disciformis, Triscelophorus monosporus and Xylomyces acerosisporus, with similarity of these and other species between the studied areas. In the rainy season, there was a greater occurrence of aquatic hyphomycetes in both areas; however, the diversity of fungi was greater in the Charles Darwin Refuge. Abiotic factors such as temperature, DO and rainfall influence the occurrence of hyphomycetes, however, no community structure was detected or strongly correlated with the studied abiotic variables. Conclusions The areas presented adequate values for the variables indicative of water quality and high richness of hyphomycetes species, demonstrating the importance of legal protection for the conservation of natural areas.
La securitización y lo operacional: tráfico aéreo de drogas entre 2011 y 2019 en Argentina
Authors: Eissa Sergio-Gabriel
Published: February 2022

Entre 1985 y 2001, la política de defensa argentina construyó un acuerdo que se sostuvo a lo largo del tiempo, bajo gobiernos de distintos signos partidarios e ideológicos. Durante esta fase legislativa se aprobaron la Ley N.º 23.554 de Defensa Nacional (1988), la Ley N.º 24.059 de Seguridad Interior (1992) y la Ley N.º 25.520 de Inteligencia Nacional (2001 y modificada en el 2014). Dichas normas constituyeron el denominado “Consenso Básico”, que estableció una separación orgánica y funcional entre la seguridad interior y la defensa nacional. En este artículo se analiza la evolución del debate y de las medidas adoptadas por el gobierno argentino con respecto a la separación entre defensa y seguridad interior; de manera puntual, el involucramiento de las Fuerzas Armadas de Argentina en la lucha contra el tráfico aéreo de drogas entre 2011 y 2019. Se examina el proceso de securitización en torno a la temática en el período y cómo se tradujo en el nivel estratégico operacional, escenario donde se presentaron las diferencias entre los gobiernos de Cristina Fernández de Kirchner y Mauricio Macri.
Abstract
Between 1985 and 2001, the Argentine defense policy built an agreement that was sustained over time, under governments of different party and ideological signs. During this legislative phase, Law No. 23,554 on National Defense (1988), Law No. 24,059 on Homeland Security (1992) and Law No. 25,520 on National Intelligence (2001 and amended in 2014) were approved. These norms constituted the so-called “Basic Consensus”, which established an organic and functional separation between internal security and national defense. This article analyzes how the debate has evolved and the measures adopted by the Argentine government regarding the separation between defense and internal security, specifically with regard to the involvement of the Armed Forces of Argentina in the fight against air traffic of drugs between 2011 and 2019. To do this, the securitization process around the issue is analyzed during the years 2011 to 2019 and how this was translated at the operational strategic level. It is concluded that that it was here that the differences between the governments of Cristina Fernández de Kirchner and Mauricio Macri arose.
Armas de fuego en América Latina: una sociedad sin conflicto, pero sin paz
Authors: Álvarez Carla-Morena
Published: February 2022

Este artículo tiene como objetivo describir las transferencias de armas pequeñas y livianas hacia América Latina durante y después de la Guerra Fría, para identificar los principales cambios ocurridos con el fin de la bipolaridad y para establecer su relación con la violencia armada que vive la región. Se analizan reportes, informes y documentos producidos por autores y organizaciones especializadas en armas de fuego y en armamento convencional, desde mediados del siglo XX hasta la actualidad. Se plantea que, pese a su marginalidad teórica, durante la Guerra Fría, las transferencias de armas de fuego fueron un importante instrumento de relacionamiento entre las potencias en conflicto y sus zonas de influencia. Cuando la confrontación ideológica llegó a su fin, las transferencias abandonaron las motivaciones geopolíticas y comenzaron a funcionar dentro de las lógicas del mercado, lo cual ha tenido importantes implicaciones para la violencia armada y la criminalidad en la región.
Abstract
This article aims to describe the transfers of small arms and light weapons to Latin America during and after the Cold War, to identify the main changes that occurred with the end of bipolarity and to establish its relationship with the armed violence that the region is experiencing. A review and analysis of reports and data bases, produced by authors and organizations specialized in firearms and conventional weaponry, from the middle of the 20th century to the present is carried out. It is argued that despite their theoretical marginality, during the Cold War, firearms transfers were an important instrument of relations between the powers in conflict and their areas of influence. When the ideological confrontation came to an end, the transfers abandoned geopolitical motivations and began to work within the logic of the market, which has had important implications for armed violence and criminality in Latin America.