bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Graphlet and Orbit Computation on Heterogeneous Graphs
Authors: Cleveland Colin , Lee Chin-Yen , Tsai Shen-Fu , Yu Wei-Hsuan , Lee Hsuan-Wei
Published: December 2023

Many applications, ranging from natural to social sciences, rely on graphlet analysis for the intuitive and meaningful characterization of networks employing micro-level structures as building blocks. However, it has not been thoroughly explored in heterogeneous graphs, which comprise various types of nodes and edges. Finding graphlets and orbits for heterogeneous graphs is difficult because of the heterogeneity and abundance of semantic information. We consider heterogeneous graphs, which can be treated as colored graphs. By applying the canonical label technique, we determine the graph isomorphism problem with multiple states on nodes and edges. With minimal parameters, we build all non-isomorphic graphs and associated orbits. We provide a Python package that can be used to generate orbits for colored directed graphs and determine the frequency of orbit occurrence. Finally, we provide four examples to illustrate the use of the Python package.
Graph neural network with classification accelerating
the discovery of Heusler catalysts for nitrogen
reduction reaction
Authors: Yuan Ding-Wang , Zhou Jing , Chen Xiayong , Jiang Xiao , Tian Zean , Hu Wangyu , Huang Bowen
Published: December 2023

Developing efficient catalysts for nitrogen reduction reaction is a meaningful yet challenging endeavor. Here, we employ machine learning to screen for efficient Heusler alloy catalysts (X2YZ). We incorporate classification tasks into the graph neural network to differentiate between adsorbates and adsorption sites, thereby improving the network's ability to recognize adsorption configurations and enhance its predictive accuracy of adsorption energy simultaneously. Following training on an adsorption dataset of 6000 density-functional theory calculations, our model can predict the adsorption energies of critical adsorbates (N2, NNH, NH, NH2, H) with a mean absolute error of 0.1 eV. Through a multi-criteria screening, we identified a series of Ru-based Heusler catalysts with low limiting potentials and the ability to suppress hydrogen evolution reactions. For example, Ru2HfTl exhibits a low limiting potential of -0.32 V. Statistical analysis reveals that the average d-electron of X and Y elements, along with the group number of Z element, can assess the catalyst activity of Heusler alloys. Furthermore, we discover that the unique geometric structure of four-fold hollow sites on the (110) surface of Heusler alloy can facilitate N2 activation and alter the potential determining step of NRR.
Subjectivity Analysis for Aspect-based Sentiment and Opinion Detection of YouTube Product Reviews
Authors: Tetteh Maxwell , Thushara MG
Published: December 2023

The advent of the internet has presented a novel paradigm for conducting consumer research and focus group investigations. Social media platforms enable organizations and entities to efficiently obtain and analyze public opinions regarding their products and services. This eliminates the need for extensive resource allocation towards traditional survey methods and information-gathering strategies. The present study investigates the potential of utilizing the YouTube platform as a valuable data source for product review analysis—our research centers on Apple Inc. and its most profitable product, the Apple iPhone. Using user feedback from review videos, we employ a lexicon-based subjectivity analysis methodology to identify statements articulating subjective viewpoints about the iPhone product. Traditional sentiment analysis methods categorize opinionated views into two broad categories: positive or negative. To assess the general market perception of the product, we employ SpaCy’s aspect extraction functionality to identify significant parts of the product that are subject to viewer critique. A BERTopic model processes the user’s text by using topic modeling techniques to extract latent themes that provide insights into the various detected characteristics. The BERTopic model has high efficiency and yields a coherence score of 69%.
Optic neuritis and mydriasis after vaccination: a case report
Authors: Bonamigo Elcio Luiz , Kuyava Pamela , Zanotto Taísa Sacomori Paula Reginatto , Duran Arthur Gabriel , Trucolo Luisa , Rossi Eglas Emanuel , Stock Ricardo Alexandre , Grasel Claudia Elisa
Published: December 2023

Background
Optic neuritis (ON) is an inflammatory demyelinating condition of the optic nerve with various causes. Its incidence is greater in children and young adults than in older adults of both genders, but it is more common in women than in men. ON is rarely associated with mydriasis, and it is seldom triggered by vaccines against tetanus and diphtheria.
Case report:
A 36-year-old woman presented with bilateral ON that started 18 days after administration of a booster dose of the double adult vaccine (dT) for diphtheria and tetanus. Bilateral mydriasis persisted after treatment, and the ON was clinically resolved. She experienced severe headache, blurred vision, decreased visual acuity in the right eye and bilateral mydriasis, a diagnosis confirmed by imaging tests. Treatment with oral corticosteroids resulted in rapid resolution of the neuritis; however, mydriasis persisted for several months.
Conclusion
This study describes a very unusual case in which bilateral ON was associated with prolonged mydriasis after vaccination for tetanus and diphtheria that regressed after treatment with oral corticosteroids. Prolonged mydriasis was the manifestation that differed from the other cases previously described.
Critical velocity for quantized vortex formation in a superfluid with a plate-shaped obstacle
Authors: Kokubo Haruya , Takeuchi Hiromitsu , Kasamatsu Kenichi
Published: December 2023

We theoretically investigate the dependence of the critical velocity for quantum vortex formulation on the size L of a plate-shaped obstacle moving in a uniform Bose-Einstein condenste in quasi-two-dimensions.Numerical simulations of the Gross-Pitaevskii equation reveal that the critical velocity vc is proportional to L-1/2 when L is much larger than the healing length. The power law behavior is quantitatively explained by the potential flow theory of classical hydrodynamics for the large L limit.
The cell-average based neural network for numerical approximation of the nonlinear Schrödinger equation
Authors: Hu Dielan , Qiu Changxin , Yang Bo , Li Biao
Published: December 2023

Given the advantages of machine learning method with accuracy and high efficiency, when compared with classical numerical methods, the cell-average based neural network (CANN) method is proposed to opens up a new field for solving and simulating solutions of nonlinear Schrödinger equations numerically. Inspired by the finite volume method for solving fluid flow problems, the CANN method seeks to explore shallow and fast neural network solvers to approximate the solution average difference between two consecutive time levels. The CANN method can be considered as a time discretization scheme, which is an explicit one-step method that evolves the solution forward in time. The CANN method is a network method of the finite volume type, which means that it is mesh dependent and is a local solver. The experimental results demonstrate that the CANN method yields satisfactory outcomes at different time steps within the specified time window. Once the neural network has been effectively trained, it can be applied to solve the NLS equation with different initial conditions. Furthermore, the CANN method demonstrates strong generalization ability in processing low-quality data with noise. To enhance the utilization of the CANN method in partial differential equations, we carry out numerical experiments on the NLS equation, which show the high practicality and accuracy of this method.
Effectiveness of a Recertification Vision Screening Training Module for Preschool Teachers
Authors:   Faculty of Optometry and Vision Sciences, SEGi University, Selangor, Malaysia, Xuan Li Tan , Omar Rokiah ,   Optometry and Vision Sciences Programme, School of Healthcare Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, Knight Victor Feizal ,   Faculty of Medicine and Defence Health, Universiti Pertahanan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
Published: December 2023

Background: Certified training must be provided for lay vision screeners prior to their conduct of a vision screening programme. However, the effectiveness of trained lay screeners does deteriorate over time. This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of a recertification vision screening training module using the KieVisionTM Preschool Vision Screening Kit for preschool teachers in Malaysia. Methods: This was a randomised control trial. Fifty-nine preschool teachers previously enrolled in a Knowledge Transfer Programme were divided into a Study Group (n = 31) to receive recertification training and a Control Group (n = 28) to attend briefing sessions. Subjects was then asked to perform vision screening on 15 preschool children aged 4 years old–6 years old at their respective premises, then verified by optometrists after 2 weeks from the initial screening on the same children. Results: A total of 894 children were screened, with the Study Group and Control Group screened 49.7% and 50.3%, respectively. There was higher validity in vision screening findings from the Study Group (sensitivity = 66.7%, positive predictive value (PPV) = 61.5%) compared to the Control Group (sensitivity = 36.0 %, PPV = 40.9%). Conclusion: Teachers who received recertification training were more competent in detecting children’s vision impairment using KieVisionTM Preschool Vision Screening Kit. Thus, timely recertification training should be emphasised to ensure sustainable consistency and reliability of vision screening programmes conducted by lay vision screeners.
Jarosite formation in Permian-Triassic strata at Xiakou (South China): Implications for jarosite precipitation from H2S upwelling on Mars
Authors: Hong Hanlie , Liu Chen , Algeo Thomas J. , Rampe Elizabeth B.
Published: December 2023

The source of sulfuric acid and associated aqueous alteration of ancient martian sedimentary rocks remain under debate in the context of divergent models of jarosite formation. Here, we report the formation of sulfates, including jarosite in K-bentonites within shallow-water facies of the Permian-Triassic (P-T) transition at Xiakou in South China. In these strata, jarosite is dispersed in the clay matrix or forms aggregates in pore spaces, has a euhedral morphology, and coexists with variably 34S-depleted paragenetic gypsum and bassanite (δ34S = –37.23‰ to +3.20‰ VCDT). Subaqueous alteration of volcanic tuffs concurrently with oxidation of upwelled, biogenically sourced H2S is the process of jarosite formation in the Xiakou K-bentonites. This mechanism of jarosite precipitation and stability over geological time challenges the long-held view of acidic, water-limited conditions leading to iron(III) sulfate precipitation and would be consistent with possible microbial or nanobial life on early Mars.
Large Igneous Provinces and the Release of Thermogenic Volatiles from Sedimentary Basins
Authors: Svensen Henrik H. , Jones Morgan T. , Mather Tamsin A.
Published: December 2023

Large igneous provinces (LIPs) are characterized by flood basalts and extensive magmatic plumbing systems. When sills and dykes are emplaced in sedimentary basins, the heat released can result in extensive contact metamorphism and gas generation. During the past 20 years, this process has been highlighted as potentially playing a key role in terms of proposed links between LIPs and global environmental changes. The geochemistry of the sedimentary rocks that the magma intrudes, and their potential to generate thermogenic gases such as CO2 and CH4 during heating, are critical controlling factors.
Impacts of Large-scale Magmatism on Land Plant Ecosystems
Authors: Galloway Jennifer M. , Lindström Sofie
Published: December 2023

Terrestrial ecosystems are integral components of global carbon budgets and modulators of Earth’s climate. Emplacement of large igneous provinces (LIPs) is implicated in almost every mass extinction and smaller biotic crises in Earth’s history, but the effects of these and other large-scale magmatic events on terrestrial ecosystems are poorly understood. Palynology, the study of fossilized pollen and spores, offer a means to robustly reconstruct the types and abundance of plants growing on the landscape and their response to Earth crises, permitting predictions of the response of terrestrial vegetation to future perturbations. We review existing palynological literature to explore the direct and cumulative impacts of large-scale magmatism, such as LIP-forming events, on terrestrial vegetation composition and dynamics over geological time.
Fintech innovations and Islamic banking performance: Post-pandemic challenges and opportunities
Authors: Aziz Abdul Rahman Abdul , Ur Rahiman Habeeb , Meero Abdelrhman , Rashad Amin Ahmed
Published: December 2023

This study explores the pivotal role of financial technology (FinTech) in the performance of Islamic banks and financial institutions, considering both challenges and opportunities encountered during the pandemic-induced market disruptions. Amid lockdowns and economic uncertainties, the study delves into the strategies adopted by several countries, with a particular emphasis on Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) countries, along with Jordan, Indonesia, Malaysia, and Pakistan, underscoring the importance of technological innovation in fostering a dynamic Islamic finance sector. Utilizing a data analysis approach, the study assesses the impact of heightened digitalization and the integration of FinTech on the resilience of the Islamic finance industry within an inherently volatile environment, marked by challenges during pre and post pandemics. The findings reveal that the adoption of FinTech fortifies the industry’s resilience and unveils novel growth prospects. However, the study also identifies potential avenues for expansion, particularly in Sukuk issuance, through the implementation of regulatory guidelines and faster adoption. The research underscores the transformative influence of financial technology reforms on the growth trajectory of Islamic banks. In light of the superior performance of Islamic banking in selected domains, this study advocates for a paradigm shift within the industry, encouraging the robust development of FinTech solutions to enhance its global market presence.
AcknowledgmentThe authors would like to acknowledge that this research work was partially financed by Kingdom University, Bahrain from the research grant number: 2023 - 10 - 012.
Acoustical Analysis of Dextran+urea: Insights into Molecular
Interactions
Authors: Panda Subhraraj
Published: December 2023

Introduction::

The aim of this study is to determine the acoustic parameters
of polymer dextran with urea. Recent years have seen an increase in the use of ultrasonic
research to describe the physiochemical and thermodynamic characteristics of
liquid solutions at various temperatures and frequencies. The size of the pure component
and the mixtures had an impact on various interactions, molecular mobility, and
kinds of interaction. Which were studied using the acoustical and thermodynamic
characteristics? To ascertain how the solvent urea interacts with the solute dextran at
the molecular level.

Materials and Method:

Dextran (molecular weight of 70000) with 6(M)urea was
used. The solution's density using a pycnometer, viscosity using an Ostwald viscometer,
and ultrasonic velocity using an ultrasonic interferometer were examined.

Results::

The physical properties of the medium are affected by the transmission of
ultrasonic waves, which also teaches us about the physics of liquids and solutions.
Understanding the interactions between the solutes and the solvent in the solution of
dextran and urea, both the evaluated parameters were used, such as free volume, internal
pressure, absorption coefficient, Rao's constant, and Wada's constant, as well as
the observed values, such as ultrasonic velocity, density, and viscosity.

Conclusion::

Based on the modification of these parameters with varied temperature
and frequency, molecular mobility, different types of intermolecular interaction, and
the strength of the bond between the solute (dextran 0.5%) and solvent (6(M) urea) are
investigated. The findings have been explained in terms of a structural reorganisation
in the aqueous dextran solution. At all the temperatures used for the investigation, the
solute-solvent interactions are more significant. The change in the acoustic properties
is small because the frequency variation causes the molecules to move swiftly and
have little chance to interact. Investigating molecular interactions, including electrostriction,
acceptor-donor association, dipole-dipole association, and hydrogen bonding,
has used these properties. Understanding molecular interactions helps one to
comprehend the core issues surrounding the mechanisms of chemical and biological
catalysis and the routes of chemical reactions.
Numerical Investigation and Machine Learning-Based Prediction
of the Effect of Using Ring Turbulators on Heat Transfer
Characteristics in a Counterflow Heat Exchanger
Authors: Solmaz Özgür , Baysal Eşref , Ökten Mert
Published: December 2023

Background::

Pipe-type heat exchangers are commonly used in industrial
applications to facilitate heat transfer between two fluids at different temperatures
without mixing them.

Method::

In this study, turbulators were employed in a counterflow concentric pipetype
heat exchanger. Water at a flow rate of 50 l/h and a temperature of 298.14 K, and
air at a temperature of 350 K were directed through the inner pipe. The different stages
of circular turbulators placed inside the inner pipe were numerically investigated using
the feasible κ-ε turbulence model. Heat transfer characteristics were examined for a
turbulator-free heat exchanger and for turbulator-heat exchanger models with helical
turbulators of 25, 50, 75, and 100 mm pitch at Reynolds numbers ranging from 4000
to 26000. The governing equations for three-dimensional and turbulent flow conditions
in a steady state were solved using a computational fluid dynamics program
based on the finite volume method. Temperature distributions and velocity contours in
the heat exchanger were generated using the data obtained from numerical analysis.
Additionally, predictions were made using artificial neural networks.

Results::

The results revealed that the highest enhancement in heat transfer, amounting to
233.08% compared to the empty tube case, was achieved with the 25 mm pitch turbulator.

Conclusion::

The predictions made using artificial neural networks were in good
agreement with the numerical analysis results. The designed turbulators for the heat
exchanger model promoted turbulent flow, increased the heat transfer area, and led to
an improvement in heat transfer.
Identification of Aflatoxigenic Fungi in Myristica fragrans using V8 and CAM Media
Authors: Arifah Fitri , Aini Luqman Qurata , Muhibuddin Anton , Dianti Sylvia , Prabowo Matheus Randy
Published: December 2023

Nutmeg is a spice that might be susceptible to being infected with aflatoxigenic fungi. Aflatoxins are mycotoxins synthesized by certain strains of Aspergillus section Flavi. However, not all strains are able to produce aflatoxins. The approach frequently employed for this survey comprises the cultivation of strains in a suitable liquid or solid medium and their subsequent extraction and analysis for the presence of aflatoxins. To date, very few studies have been conducted on the identification of contaminate and aflatoxigenic fungi in Myristica fragrans. Therefore, this study aimed to identify the contaminate and aflatoxigenic fungi in Myristica fragrans growing on V8 and CAM Media. Isolation of the fungus was carried out by direct agar plating. Lasiodiplodia theobromae, Aspergillus niger, A. tamarii, Penicillium citrinum, Rhizopus delemar, A. nomiae, and A. aflatoxiformans were recovered from nutmeg kernels sampled from North Minahasa, North Sulawesi, Indonesia. The findings of fungal isolation demonstrated that L. theobromae was the most prevalent form of fungus detected in the nutmeg kernels (50%), followed by A. niger (38.13%) and A. tamarii (10%). A. nomiae and A. aflatoxiformans were the aflatoxigenic fungi isolated from M. fragrans kernels.
Struggles and Triumphs of an Early Childhood STEM Educator:
Authors: Leong Jade , Tan Poh
Published: December 2023

This interview between a researcher (Poh) and an early childhood educator (Jade) delves into pedagogical approaches to teaching Science, Technology, Engineering, and Math (STEM) in an early childhood classroom setting, focusing on children aged 1 to 5 years. Jade's journey of understanding and exploring STEM teaching is a reflection of the challenges faced by many early childhood educators. The conversation highlights the significance of teacher self-efficacy and experience, as studies show that higher training in STEM results in higher confidence, leading to higher rates of implementation in the classroom. However, research indicates that early childhood educators often lack in-depth professional preparation in math and science, resulting in insufficient content knowledge and a lack of confidence to provide quality STEM experiences for young learners.

The researcher, being a scientist and science educator, provides support to Jade's efforts in integrating STEM into her practices. Additionally, collaboration with the community, including volunteers from a science museum and the university, plays a crucial role in bolstering her confidence in engaging with STEM subjects.

This interview sheds light on the importance of continuous professional development and support for early childhood educators to effectively implement STEM teaching strategies. By sharing her reflections and experiences, Jade contributes to the development and implementation of integrated pedagogies that bridge the gap between technology, pedagogy, and content. Overall, this interview showcases the transformative impact of collaborative efforts and support systems in empowering early childhood educators to confidently and effectively engage young learners in STEM education.
Science in Informal Learning Spaces: Tinkering Space at Science World
Authors: Lee Kristin
Published: December 2023

Aside from unique architecture Science World has become iconic for families in Vancouver to explore hands-on exhibits and galleries that nurture their process of discovery and inspire connection with their natural, physical, and built environments. Our value of inquiry-rich, play-based, cross-disciplinary learning is embedded in every aspect of design, from fun interactive exhibits, engaging stage shows, and unique school programs. Throughout Science World you will discover that each gallery focuses on different themes and topics. Gallery spaces have their own narratives, learning goals, and outcomes. One of newest galleries at Science World is our Tinkering Space: The WorkSafeBC Gallery.

The Tinkering Space has daily tinkering programming where you can solve problems, make new things from existing parts, create something cool and imaginative, and learn through experimenting and making mistakes. You’ll also learn about the science behind safety and how important it is to choose the right tools for the job. This informal learning environment captures the playful spirit of Science World all in one place. Creating the Tinkering Space is an iterative journey, and we continue to work hard to build out the visitor experience and pedagogical practice we have today.
Decoding
Authors: Asel Daniel
Published: December 2023

Decoding delves into my personal experience of growing up in a Western educational system as an undiagnosed neurodiverse student. The purpose of this piece spotlights dyslexia – which in my experience included the daily decoding of written assignments, but also the process of decoding what it meant to be classified as having “poor comprehension” of verbal and social settings in the classroom.

I want Decoding to challenge how we think about neurodiversity, and how Indigenous teachings honours the understanding of people in a holistic way in contrast to more compartmentalized approaches found in Western systems.

I also intend to highlight areas in communication design which underserve neurodiverse people, as well as non-English speakers, and how those in the arts and sciences can collaborate on solutions in design.
The Influence Of A STEM/STEAM Education Based High School on Students of The Ivoti Institute
Authors: Richner Jason
Published: December 2023

The aim of this paper is to determine the difference between the STEM/STEAM education High School model and the Traditional Basic General education High School Model. Another important objective is to explain the benefits of the STEM/STEAM High School format being implemented in the Ivoti Institute, in Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. I start by giving the definition of STEM/STEAM education, and then talk about the New High School format that is being used in the Ivoti Institute. I explain all the benefits and opportunities that this educational setting brings to the students, and how it has affected my life, personally. STEM/STEAM education is the future of education, and will be extremely effective in the development of critical and autonomous individuals.
Identificando zonas potenciales para la conservación florística en el municipio de Tlalixcoyan, Veracruz, a partir de descriptores de paisaje y conectividad
Authors: Juárez-Fragoso Mauricio A. , Perroni-Ventura Yareni , Dáttilo Wesley , Gómez-Díaz Jorge A. , Hernández Gómez Irving U. , Guevara Roger
Published: December 2023

El uso de descriptores de paisaje a través de métodos de percepción remota es uno de los métodos más utilizados para el análisis de la composición, estructura y funciones en el paisaje. En este trabajo se identificaron sitios prioritarios para la conservación de la diversidad florística mediante la caracterización de la estructura espacial de las diferentes clases de cobertura vegetal y uso de suelo en el municipio de Tlalixcoyan, Veracruz. Se elaboró una clasificación supervisada de los principales tipos de cobertura vegetal y usos de suelo con base en 210 puntos georreferenciados in situ. Se consideraron siete tipos de cobertura vegetal y se utilizaron imágenes del satélite Sentinel-2B del año 2020. La fiabilidad general de la clasificación fue de 76%. Los fragmentos de pastizales con vegetación leñosa y los bosques secundarios presentaron la mayor conectividad física con índices de cohesión de 99.7 y 99.3 respectivamente. Además, estas dos clases de uso de suelo presentan la mayor cobertura arbórea. Aunado a las métricas de paisaje, el análisis de ventanas móviles permitió detectar áreas potenciales para la conservación florística con base en la proximidad de los fragmentos de bosque y sabana. Si bien la información generada en este estudio es un factor crucial para la conservación, en un futuro será necesario incluir a la sociedad y tomadores de decisiones. Una posible aproximación que puede ser viable para la conservación florística en esta localidad son los programas de áreas destinadas voluntariamente para la conservación promovida por la Comisión Nacional de Áreas Naturales Protegidas (Conanp).
Comparing Web-Based and Blended Training for Coping With Challenges of Flexible Work Designs: Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Althammer Sarah Elena , Wöhrmann Anne Marit , Michel Alexandra
Published: December 2023

Background

Workers with flexible work designs (FWDs) face specific challenges, such as difficulties in detaching from work, setting boundaries between work and private life, and recovering from work.

Objective

This study evaluated the effectiveness of an intervention in improving the recovery, work-life balance, and well-being of workers with FWDs compared with a waitlist control group. It also compares the effectiveness of a web-based training format and blended training format.

Methods

In the web-based training format, participants individually completed 6 web-based modules and daily tasks over 6 weeks, learning self-regulation strategies to meet the particular challenges of FWDs. In the blended training format, participants attended 3 group sessions in addition to completing the 6 web-based modules. In a randomized controlled trial, participants were assigned to a web-based intervention group (196/575, 34.1%), blended intervention group (198/575, 34.4%), or waitlist control group (181/575, 31.5%). Study participants self-assessed their levels of primary outcomes (psychological detachment, satisfaction with work-life balance, and well-being) before the intervention, after the intervention, at a 4-week follow-up, and at a 6-month follow-up. The final sample included 373 participants (web-based intervention group: n=107, 28.7%; blended intervention group: n=129, 34.6%; and control group: n=137, 36.7%). Compliance was assessed as a secondary outcome.

Results

The results of multilevel analyses were in line with our hypothesis that both training formats would improve psychological detachment, satisfaction with work-life balance, and well-being. We expected blended training to reinforce these effects, but blended training participants did not profit more from the intervention than web-based training participants. However, they reported to have had more social exchange, and blended training participants were more likely to adhere to the training.

Conclusions

Both web-based and blended training are effective tools for improving the recovery, work-life balance, and well-being of workers with FWDs. Group sessions can increase the likelihood of participants actively participating in web-based modules and exercises.

Trial Registration

German Clinical Trials Register DRKS00032721; https://drks.de/search/en/trial/DRKS00032721
Evaluation of the Needs and Experiences of Patients with Hypertriglyceridemia: Social Media Listening Infosurveillance Study
Authors: Song Junxian , Cui Yuxia , Song Jing , Lee Chongyou , Wu Manyan , Chen Hong
Published: December 2023

Background

Hypertriglyceridemia is a risk factor for cardiovascular diseases. Internet usage in China is increasing, giving rise to large-scale data sources, especially to access, disseminate, and discuss medical information. Social media listening (SML) is a new approach to analyze and monitor online discussions related to various health-related topics in diverse diseases, which can generate insights into users’ experiences and expectations. However, to date, no studies have evaluated the utility of SML to understand patients’ cognizance and expectations pertaining to the management of hypertriglyceridemia.

Objective

The aim of this study was to utilize SML to explore the disease cognition level of patients with hypertriglyceridemia, choice of intervention measures, and the status quo of online consultations and question-and-answer (Q&A) search platforms.

Methods

An infosurveillance study was conducted wherein a disease-specific comprehensive search was performed between 2004 and 2020 in Q&A search and online consultation platforms. Predefined single and combined keywords related to hypertriglyceridemia were used in the search, including disease, symptoms, diagnosis, and treatment indicators; lifestyle interventions; and therapeutic agents. The search output was aggregated using an aggregator tool and evaluated.

Results

Disease-specific consultation data (n=69,845) and corresponding response data (n=111,763) were analyzed from 20 data sources (6 Q&A search platforms and 14 online consultation platforms). Doctors from inland areas had relatively high voice volumes and appear to exert a substantial influence on these platforms. Patients with hypertriglyceridemia engaging on the internet have an average level of cognition about the disease and its intervention measures. However, a strong demand for the concept of the disease and “how to treat it” was observed. More emphasis on the persistence of the disease and the safety of medications was observed. Young patients have a lower willingness for drug interventions, whereas patients with severe hypertriglyceridemia have a clearer intention to use drug intervention and few patients have a strong willingness for the use of traditional Chinese medicine.

Conclusions

Findings from this disease-specific SML study revealed that patients with hypertriglyceridemia in China actively seek information from both online Q&A search and consultation platforms. However, the integrity of internet doctors’ suggestions on lifestyle interventions and the accuracy of drug intervention recommendations still need to be improved. Further, a combined prospective qualitative study with SML is required for added rigor and confirmation of the relevance of the findings.
The Implementation of Federated Digital Identifiers in Health Care: Rapid Review
Authors: Ramamoorthi Karishini , Stamenova Vess , Liu Rebecca H , Bhattacharyya Onil
Published: December 2023

Background

Federated digital identifiers (FDIs) have been cited to improve the interoperability of data and information management while enhancing the privacy of individuals verifying their identity on the web. Many countries around the world have implemented FDIs in various sectors, such as banking and government. Similarly, FDIs could improve the experience for those wanting to access their health care information; however, they have only been introduced in a few jurisdictions around the world, and their impact remains unclear.

Objective

The main objective of this environmental scan was to describe how FDIs have been established and implemented to enable patients’ access to health care.

Methods

We conducted this study in 2 stages, with the primary stage being a rapid review, which was supplemented by a targeted gray literature search. Specifically, the rapid review was conducted through a database search of MEDLINE and Embase, which generated a list of countries and their services that use FDIs in health care. This list was then used to conduct a targeted gray literature search using the Google search engine.

Results

A total of 93 references from the database and targeted Google searches were included in this rapid review. FDIs were implemented in health care in 11 countries (Australia, Belgium, Canada, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Iceland, Norway, Singapore, Sweden, and Taiwan) and exclusively used with a patient-accessible electronic health record system through a single sign-on interface. The most common FDIs were implemented nationally or provincially, and establishing them usually required individuals to visit a bank or government office in person. In contrast, some countries, such as Australia, allow individuals to verify their identities entirely on the web. We found that despite the potential of FDIs for use in health care to facilitate the amalgamation of health information from different data sources into one platform, the adoption of most health care services that use FDIs remained below 30%. The exception to this was Australia, which had an adoption rate of 90%, which could be correlated with the fact that it leveraged an opt-out consent model.

Conclusions

This rapid review highlights key features of FDIs across regions and elements associated with higher adoption of the patient-accessible electronic health record systems that use them, like opt-out registration. Although FDIs have been reported to facilitate the collation of data from multiple sources through a single sign-on interface, there is little information on their impact on care or patient experience. If FDIs are used to their fullest potential and implemented across sectors, adoption rates within health care may also improve.
Data Visualization Support for Tumor Boards and Clinical Oncology: Protocol for a Scoping Review
Authors: Boehm Dominik , Strantz Cosima , Christoph Jan , Busch Hauke , Ganslandt Thomas , Unberath Philipp
Published: December 2023

Background

Complex and expanding data sets in clinical oncology applications require flexible and interactive visualization of patient data to provide the maximum amount of information to physicians and other medical practitioners. Interdisciplinary tumor conferences in particular profit from customized tools to integrate, link, and visualize relevant data from all professions involved.

Objective

The scoping review proposed in this protocol aims to identify and present currently available data visualization tools for tumor boards and related areas. The objective of the review will be to provide not only an overview of digital tools currently used in tumor board settings, but also the data included, the respective visualization solutions, and their integration into hospital processes.

Methods

The planned scoping review process is based on the Arksey and O’Malley scoping study framework. The following electronic databases will be searched for articles published in English: PubMed, Web of Knowledge, and SCOPUS. Eligible articles will first undergo a deduplication step, followed by the screening of titles and abstracts. Second, a full-text screening will be used to reach the final decision about article selection. At least 2 reviewers will independently screen titles, abstracts, and full-text reports. Conflicting inclusion decisions will be resolved by a third reviewer. The remaining literature will be analyzed using a data extraction template proposed in this protocol. The template includes a variety of meta information as well as specific questions aiming to answer the research question: “What are the key features of data visualization solutions used in molecular and organ tumor boards, and how are these elements integrated and used within the clinical setting?” The findings will be compiled, charted, and presented as specified in the scoping study framework. Data for included tools may be supplemented with additional manual literature searches. The entire review process will be documented in alignment with the PRISMA-ScR (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews) flowchart.

Results

The results of this scoping review will be reported per the expanded PRISMA-ScR guidelines. A preliminary search using PubMed, Web of Knowledge, and Scopus resulted in 1320 articles after deduplication that will be included in the further review process. We expect the results to be published during the second quarter of 2024.

Conclusions

Visualization is a key process in leveraging a data set’s potentially available information and enabling its use in an interdisciplinary setting. The scoping review described in this protocol aims to present the status quo of visualization solutions for tumor board and clinical oncology applications and their integration into hospital processes.

International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID)

DERR1-10.2196/53627
A Brief Workplace Training Program to Support Help-Seeking for Mental Ill-Health: Protocol for the Helipad Cluster Randomized Controlled Trial (Preprint)
Authors: Batterham Philip J , Gulliver Amelia , Heffernan Cassandra , Calear Alison L , Werner-Seidler Aliza , Turner Alyna , Farrer Louise M , Chatterton Mary Lou , Mihalopoulos Cathrine , Berk Michael
Published: December 2023

BACKGROUND

Most people with mental health problems do not seek help, with delays of even decades in seeking professional help. Lack of engagement with professional mental health services can lead to poor outcomes and functional impairment. However, few effective interventions have been identified to improve help-seeking in adults, and those that exist are not widely implemented to deliver public health impact. Co-designing interventions with people with lived experience of mental ill-health and other relevant stakeholders is critical to increase the likelihood of uptake and engagement with these programs.

OBJECTIVE

This study aims to (1) test the effectiveness of a co-designed help-seeking program on increasing professional help-seeking intentions in employees in a workplace setting; (2) determine whether the program reduces mental illness stigma and improves help-seeking intentions and behavior, mental health literacy, mental health symptoms, and work and activity functioning relative to the control condition; (3) explore factors that facilitate broader implementation of the co-designed program; and (4) explore the cost-effectiveness of the co-designed program compared to the control condition over 6 months.

METHODS

A 2-arm cluster randomized controlled trial will be conducted (target sample: N=900 from 30 to 36 workplaces, with n=25 to 35 participants per workplace). The trial will compare the relative effectiveness of an enhanced interactive program (intervention condition) with a standard psychoeducation-alone program (active control condition) on the primary outcome of professional help-seeking intentions as measured by the General Help-Seeking Questionnaire. Secondary outcomes include the impact on mental illness stigma; mental health literacy; help-seeking attitudes and behavior; work and activity functioning; quality of life; and symptoms of mental ill-health including depression, anxiety, and general psychological distress.

RESULTS

Facilitators of and risks to the trial are identified and addressed in this protocol. Recruitment of workplaces is scheduled to commence in the first quarter of 2024.

CONCLUSIONS

If effective, the program has the potential to be ready for rapid dissemination throughout Australia, with the potential to increase appropriate and efficient service use across the spectrum of evidence-based services.

CLINICALTRIAL

Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry (ANZCTR) ACTRN12623000270617p; https://www.anzctr.org.au/Trial/Registration/TrialReview.aspx?id=385376

INTERNATIONAL REGISTERED REPORT

PRR1-10.2196/55529
UTILITY OF PAPERLESS PARTOGRAM IN LABOR MANAGEMENT
Authors: Choubisa Pallavi , Chauhan Madhubala , Rawal Pramod , Kanwat Babita , Singhal Megha
Published: December 2023

Objective: To compare WHO-modified partograph and paperless partogram in the effective management of labor.
Methods: A prospective analytical study was carried out in the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Pannadhay Zanana Hospital at RNT Medical College, Udaipur. A sample of 400 pregnant women was recruited by random sampling from the labor room, for 1 year (June 01, 2021, to May 31, 2022). Women fulfilling inclusion criteria were randomly assigned for monitoring of labor in an active phase of labor ≥ 4 cm of cervical dilatation.
Results: The mean age was 26.46 ± 3.90 years with an age range of 18–37 years, 65% were rural. 11% crossed alert line and 1.5% crossed action line. 94.75% had a normal vaginal delivery and 21 (5.25%) cases had lower segment cesarean section (LSCS). As indication for LSCS 16 (76.19%) had fetal distress and 5 (23.81%) had secondary arrest of dilatation and descent head. 17 (4.25%) had APGAR <7 at 5 min and no stillbirth was reported.
Conclusion: We concluded that the paperless partogram was effective and user-friendly in the management of labor and prevention of abnormal or prolonged labor when compared to the WHO partogram in low-risk cases.
Carcass and Meat Quality of Lambs From Intensive Grazing Systems Differing in the Age of Slaughter
Authors: Cougo Ana C. , Brito Gustavo , de Souza Guillermo , Luzardo Santiago
Published: December 2023

Ninety lambs reared on pastures were slaughtered for 2 y corresponding to 3 ages of slaughter: at weaning with 4 mo of age (4M), at 6–7 mo of age (6M), and at 12 mo of age (12M; last treatments were weaned at 4 mo). With the purpose of deseasonalizing high-quality meat lamb production in the year, the present work aimed to achieve hot carcass weight (HCW) of 18–20 kg on average in each lamb group. Hot carcass weight, carcass yield (CYd), subcutaneous tissue depth, leg, frenched rack, and loin weights were determined. After meat ageing for 7 and 14 d from the 3 groups of lambs, instrumental color, Warner-Bratzler shear force (WBSF), consumer sensory analysis (n=200), and fatty acid profile of intramuscular fat (IMF) were determined on longissimus lumborum muscle. Lambs of 12M resulted in greater HCW (P<0.05). The young lambs (4M) presented a greater subcutaneous fat coverage and CYd (P<0.05). Lambs of 12M presented a greater proportion of legs (P<0.05) regarding HCW. Meat color from 4M lambs was lighter (greater L* values) when aged for 7 and 14 d and showed lower WBSF values with 14 d of ageing (P<0.05). A greater proportion of IMF (P<0.05) was observed in 12M and 4M lambs, but the latter presented a greater proportion of conjugated linoleic acid (P<0.05) and polyunsaturated fatty acid to saturated fatty acid ratio (P<0.05). Older lambs (12M) showed a lower n6/n3 fatty acid ratio (P<0.05) and a greater concentration of α-tocopherol (P<0.05). Meat from the 3 groups of lambs was scored positively (i.e., at least between “I like moderately” and “I like slightly”) for overall liking when evaluated by consumers. Although significant differences were observed among the 3 groups of lambs, slaughter age in lambs until 12M seems to have a minor effect on product quality from a practical standpoint.
Identification of cocoa (Theobroma cacao L.) genetic uniformity through RAPD molecular markers.
Authors: Pancaningtyas Sulistyani , Helia Dewi Nur Afni , Su’udi Mukhamad
Published: December 2023

Theobroma cacao L. has been propagated through either generative or vegetative techniques. One of the vegetative methods of propagating cocoa is somatic embryogenesis. Somatic embryogenesis has been employed by the Indonesian Coffee and Cocoa Research Institute for producing cocoa seedlings. Plant breeding activities are hampered by the significant level of plant heterogeneity among their progeny. Mislabelling of genetic impurities can be an issue. Molecular markers can be used to detect genetic variation at an early stage. The most common marker is the RAPD molecular marker. The study aims to determine the polymorphic RAPD primers in the analysis of genetic uniformity between mother plants and the seedlings derived from somatic embryogenesis (SE). The analyzed samples consisted of twelve individuals: six mother plants and six seedlings derived from SE. The results revealed that the percentage of polymorphic bands was 100% with band sizes ranging from 295-2785 bp for primer GY169 while for primer GY107 percentage of polymorphic bands was 80% with band sizes ranging from 345-1678 bp. Primer GY169 and primer GY107 can be amplified and used for cocoa similarity and heterogeneity.
Latvian reflexive verbs with paš- ‘self-’
Authors:   Kyoto University, Horiguchi Daiki
Published: December 2023

The article addresses Latvian reflexive verbs with the derivational formant paš- ‘self-’. Paš- is the stem of the emphatic pronoun pats, meaning ‘oneself, by oneself, on one’s own’; thus, verbs derived with paš- are classified as compound verbs. A mass media database search yielded 150 reflexive verbs derived with paš-. Reflexive verbs without paš- include both subjective and objective reflexive verbs. However, in case of inanimate subjects, the semantics of paš- increases the agent’s volition and facilitates personification, allowing the interpretation of most paš-compound reflexive verbs as subjective reflexive verbs. Since the productivity of paš- is generally dominant in nominal derivation, in addition to these verbal derivations, there are 95 paš-compound reflexive action nouns that are not attested in their verbal forms. For non-reflexive action nouns, paš- may serve to express reflexivity and thus semantic differentiation between reflexive and non-reflexive action nouns is neutralized. Overall, the analysed derivatives represent the semantic interaction of reflexivity and emphatic meaning, as well as intersection of verbal and nominal derivation.