bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Spectres RMN‐1H Et ‐13C De Morpholines Et Thiomorpholines
Authors: Gelboke M. , Blondiau T. , Kone B. , Lagrange G. , Grimé R.
Published: September 2010

A series of 2‐phenyl‐3‐methylmorpholines substituted at the nitrogen by alkyl groups (CH3, C2H5 and i‐C3H7) and the corresponding thiomorpholines have been synthesized. The study of their 1H‐NMR and 13C‐NMR spectra allowed the differenciation of the diastereomers in these two series.
Synthesis, Molecular Structure and Spectroscopic Investigations of Bis(Halophenylstannyl)‐Methane and Propane Complexes with Hexamethylphosphoric Triamide
Authors: Gielen M. , Jurkschat K. , Meunier‐Piret J. , van Meerssche M.
Published: September 2010

The reaction of bis(halodiphenylstannyl)methanes with HMPA leads to the formation of the one‐to‐one complexes (Ph2XSn)2CH2. HMPA (X‐Cl,Br,I). The reaction of bis‐1,3(chlorodiphenylstannyl)propane with HMPA yields the one‐to‐two complex (Ph2ClSnCH2)2CH2. 2 HMPA, whereas from bis(dibromophenylstannyl)methanes both the one‐to‐one and the one‐to‐two complexes (PhBr2Sn)2CH2‐n HMPA (n=1,2) have been isolated. The solid structure of (Ph2XSn)2CH2. HMPA (C=Cl,Br), determined by X‐ray diffraction, shows for both tin atoms a distorted trigonal bipyramidal structure, one by complexation of the HMPA, the other one by intramolecular coordination of a halogen atom. Temperature dependent 1H, 13C, 31P and 119Sn NMR and IR measurements prove the intramolecular mobility of these compounds.
Chimie Des Cyanates D'onium Copolymérisation Avec Le Toluène Diisocyanate Et Formation De Polyisocyanates ‐ Polyisocyanurates D'onium: Chemistry of Onium Cyanates Copolymerisation with Toi Yielding Onium Polyisocyanurates ‐ Polyisocyanates.
Authors: Lambert P. , De Aguirre I. , Touillaux R.
Published: September 2010

Owing to the lipophilic character of the tetraalkylonium cations many onium cyanates are soluble in aprotic organic solvents in which they show a high reactivity. In this paper we examine the reactions of onium cyanates (QNCO) with aromatic mono‐ and diisocyanates. Aromatic isocyanates react very rapidly with QNCO (co‐trimerization) at room temperature and yield quantitatively onium diarylisocyanurates (IV) (S: Ac, DME). In some solvents (e.g. DCM) co‐trimerization and trimerization to triarylisocyanurate (II) are observed (fig. 1). Onium polyisocyanurates polyisocyanates (scheme 1) are prepared from QNCO and diisocyanates (e.g. TDI), the first and rapid step being the co‐trimerization to compound (V). In the absence of QNCO, (V) undergoes slow trimerization to (VII) (fig. 2), but in the presence of QNCO co‐trimerization to onium polyisocyanurate (VIII) occurs. However, the ionic heterocyclization is not perfectly selective, but is accompanied by the trimerization to triarylisocyanurates. The polymers synthesized from the TDI‐QNCO systems are represented by formula (IX) or, in abbreviated form, (T)8 (R)n (NCO)a+2. Experimental values of parameters a, n, and the average number of adjacent heterocyclic anions, n, are presented in table 2. It is demonstrated that anionomers of high M.W. (a>10; n>100; n°5) and soluble in DCM can be prepared by this method. The important parameters in this polymerization are the nature of Q+ and that of the solvent (table 2).
Elimination of the Interfering Effects of Some Organic and Inorganic Compounds in the Determination of Platinum by Flame Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry
Authors: Kabil M. A. , Mostafa M. A.
Published: September 2010

In the determination of platinum by atomic absorption spectrophotometry (AAS) ethanolamine was used to eliminate the interference effects of some organic compounds, by adding it to both sample and standard solutions. Also the mechanism of this elimination is discussed. These interference effects were examined with the continuous titration method to obtain stoichiometric ratios in the flame.
NMR Studies on Imidines. VI.1H and 13C Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Study on the Tautomerism of Phthalic Imidine.
Authors: Spiessens Luc I. , Anteunis M. J. O.
Published: September 2010

Phthalic imidine 1 is shown to be present in DMSO‐d6 solution as a 5:1 mixture of 3‐amino‐1H‐isoindol‐1‐imine (1a) and 1,3‐diiminoisoindoline (1i) by 13C chemical shift comparison with model compounds: 3‐(cis‐2,6‐dimethylmorpholino)‐1H‐isoindol‐1‐imine (3) and 2,3,4‐trihydroisoindolino[2,1‐a]pyrimidin‐6‐imine (4). The amino tautomer 1a also predominates in other solvents: CDC13, D2O, CD3OD.

The N1,N3‐dimethyl derivative 2 also exists as a tautomeric mixture, in which 3‐methylamino‐1‐methylimino‐1H‐isoindole (2a) predominates over 1,3‐bis (methylimino)‐isoindoline (2i) as shown by 13C chemical shift comparison with 3‐dimethylamino‐1‐methylimino‐1H‐isoindole (5) and E‐6‐methylimino‐2,3,4‐trihydroisoindolino[2,1‐a]pyrimidine (6).

1H and 13C NMR assignments are discussed in detail.
Determination of the Enantiomeric Purity by 1h NMR with Eu(tfc)3 of β‐Hetarylalanine Derivatives. Correlation Of the Enantiomeric Shift Difference with Absolute Configuration
Authors: Cativiela C. , Diaz De Villegas M. D. , García J. I. , Mayoral J. A. , Melendez E.
Published: September 2010

The best conditions (solvent, lanthanide/substrate molar ratios…) to determine the enantiomeric purity of a nonracemic mixture of R and S N‐acetyl (or benzoyl)‐β‐hetarylalanine methyl esters by 1H NMR with tris (3‐trifluoromethyl‐hydroxymethylene‐d‐camphorato)europium(III) «Eu(tfc)3» were studied. A direct correlation between configuration and chemical shift differences, ΔΔδR‐S, between the methyl singlets was observed.
Phase‐Transfer Catalysis by Poly (Ethyleneglycol) 600 in the Biltz Synthesis of Phenytoin
Authors: Poupaert Jacques H. , Keyser Jean‐Luc De , Vandervorst Daniel , Dumont Pierre
Published: September 2010

A reinvestigation of the Biltz synthesis of phenytoin was undertaken to selectively produce the hydantoin derivative instead of a mixture of the hydantoin and the glycoluryl derivative. A solution of this problem was found in carrying out the reaction in a two‐phase system (n‐butanol:water) and in the presence of a phase‐transfer catalyst (poly(ethyleneglycol)600). In these conditions, a 87–93 yield of phenytoin can be obtained. Extension of this approach to the synthesis of other hydantoin derivatives was also found superior to one‐phase conditions.
Recent Developments of the Chemistry of Thiocarbonyl Ylides
Authors: Huisgen Rolf , Fulka Claudia , Kalwinsch Ivars , Xingya Li , Mloston Grzegorz , Moran Joaquin Rodriguez , Pröbstl Albert
Published: September 2010

The cycloaddition of diazoalkanes to CS double bonds furnishes 1,3,4‐thiadiazolines which give rise to thiocarbonyl ylides and N2 in a cycloreversion. Thiocarbonyl ylides are nucleophilic 1,3‐dipoles which are interceptible by thiones or electron‐deficient alkenes and alkynes as dipolarophiles affording 1,3‐dithiolanes, dihydrothiophenes and thiolanes, respectively. In the absence of reaction partners, thiocarbonyl ylides undergo electrocyclization, dimerization, β‐H abstraction or Wagner‐Meerwein rearrangement.
New Advances in the Chemistry of Three‐Membered Carbon‐Phosphorus Heterocycles
Authors: Mathey François , Marinetti Angela
Published: September 2010

The various syntheses together with the physical, structural, and chemical properties of phosphiranes and phosphirenes are discussed on the basis of the literature available up to the middle of 1984.
Outstanding Problems of Hydrodesulfurisation Catalysis: Promoters, Product Distributions, and Activation Energies
Authors: Mitchell Philip C. H. , Scott Carlos E.
Published: September 2010

Activities and product distributions in thiophene hydrodesulfurisation at 523–673K and 1 atm over Mo/A1203 catalysts promoted by Ru, Co, Ni and Co‐Nb/Al2O3 and Ni‐V/A12O3 catalysts are described. The promoters enhance the desulfurisation function and, except for uncalcined Ru, diminish the hydrogenation function of the catalysts. The Co‐Nb catalysts were inactive. The promotion of V catalysts by Ni shows that an MoS2‐type layer is not essential for synergy.

Preliminary data on the Arrhenius parameters suggest compensation between the apparent activation energy, E, and the frequency factor, A, as the promoter mole fraction is changed.

The results are consistent with a catalyst structure in which all or some promoters are dispersed by binding to unsaturated S atoms at the edge of MoS2 patches.
Temperature Programmed Reduction and Desorption Studies of CO‐Precipitated Cobalt‐Molybdenum Sulphide Powders
Authors: Hoodless R. C. , Moyes R. B. , Wells P. B.
Published: September 2010

A series of unsupported cobalt molybdenum sulphide powders has been prepared by a variant of the homogeneous sulphide precipitation method. The series consisted of MoS2, eight powders with Co/(Co+Mo) ratios of 0.167 to 0.643, and CO9S8. The activity of these materials was tested using the hds of thiophen. The catalysts were characterised by deuterium adsorption at 673 K, TPR and TPD.

A double maximum was found for the dependence of activity with Co/(Co+Mo) fraction, in a range similar to that found by other workers. Hydrogen retained by the catalyst, and deuterium adsorption at 673 K are not related to the hds activity. TPR and TPD measurements, however, show the same two‐peak behaviour as the activity across the composition range. The TPR behaviour shows two peaks of hydrogen uptake at 475 K and 650 K, the relative areas of which depend on the Co/(Co+Mo) ratio in a complex way. The high temperature peak is strongly correlated with hds activity, and this activity is related both to the formation of defect sites at high temperature and the availability of adsorbed hydrogen. The adsorbed hydrogen measured by desorption between 300 K and 872 K is greatest in the Co/(Co+Mo) range 0.167 to 0.445, the range of highest activity for conventional catalysts, whereas combination of the TPR and TPD results yields the same pattern as is obtained for hds activity.

The results show that the behaviour with respect to hydrogen is strongly affected by the presence of both cobalt and molybdenum, the synergic effect is much greater than a combination of the components.
A Comparison of Some Catalytic Properties of Unsupported MOS2 and WS2 Catalysts Promoted by Group VIII Metals
Authors: Vrinat M. , Lacroix M. , Breysse M. , Frety R.
Published: September 2010

Unsupported sulfided CoMo, NiMo, CoW and NiW catalysts prepared by comaceration (CM) method and homogeneous sulfide precipitation (HSP) method have been studied in hydrodesulfurization of dibenzothiophene and hydrogenation of biphenyl.

Comparison of intrinsic rates shows that, for both reactions, the HSP catalysts are more efficient than the corresponding CM samples. Moreover, the promoting effect of Ni in hydrogenation is substantially higher than that of Co.

From decomposition of the precursors, followed by differential thermal analysis, a parallelism appeared between all mixed catalysts prepared by the same procedure. For CM precursors, the decomposition features show the persistence of the character of Mo and W compounds and confirm the limited interaction existing between Co (or Ni) and Mo (or W) in the precursor state. On the contrary, for HSP precursors the exothermic peak is always recorded at a much lower temperature and a comparison with previous results obtained on CoMo (CM) and CoMo (HSP) catalysts suggests that a mixed phase probably exists in all the HSP samples.
Sulfided CO‐mo/AL2O3Catalysts: Carbon Monoxide Chemisorption and Surface Structures
Authors: Bachelier J. , Tilliette N. J. , Cornac M. , Duchet J. C. , Lavalley J. C. , Cornet D.
Published: September 2010

The interaction between Co and Mo ions has been examined on a series of Co‐Mo/Al2O3catalysts with constant Mo (6.3 % MoO3) and variable Co concentrations (0.5 ‐ 4.3 % CoO) by comparison with Co/Al2O3and Mo/Al2O3catalysts. The type of surface structures present in the systems in infered from the fraction of cobalt or molybdenum which can be dissolved in acidic or basic medium, and from carbon monoxide adsorption. The CO chemisorption is measured by pulses at 0°C and adsorbed species are studied by infrared spectroscopy. The interaction between Co and Mo ions in the sulfided state is shown by the appearance of a band at 2065 cm−1, partially irreversible in our conditions. It could correspond to highly reduced sites of the catalysts. This new type of site correlates with HDS activity. Results are consistent with the build up of a Co‐Mo‐S type phase. This phase is well dispersed and consists of small entities associating Mo and Co in the approximate ratio 3/2. Mo/Al2O3catalysts are found to be promoted essentially the same with Co or Ni atoms.
On The State of the Co‐MO‐S Model
Authors: Topsøie Henrik , Candia Roberto , Topsøe Nan‐Yu , Clausen Bjarne S. , Topsøe Haldor
Published: September 2010

The present article will discuss the recent developments which have taken place with the “Co‐Mo‐S model”. Some new results will also be presented to elucidate some of the controversies which have existed in the literature. The Co‐Mo‐S model, which was originally based on Mössbauer emission spectroscopy (MES) measurements, has now been confirmed and further developed by use of extended x‐ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS), infrared spectroscopy (ir), x‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), high resolution and analytical electron microscopy (HREM and AEM), magnetic susceptibility and other methods. The following are some of the main conclusions: (i) Mo is present mainly as MoS2‐like phases; (ii) in the catalytically active Co‐Mo‐S structures, the promoter atoms are located at the edges of the MoS2‐like structures; (iii) the chemical and catalytic properties of the Co edge atoms are strongly influenced by the MoS2“support”; (iv) in typical alumina supported catalysts, the MoS3domains appear to be predominantly present as small single sheets which have a large fraction of the Mo atoms present at edge positions (this is an important property since it allows highly active catalysts to be prepared); (v) the presence of Co9S8, cobalt in the alumina or unpromoted MoS2is seen to have little influence on the HDS activity; (vi) in typical Co‐Mo/Al2o3catalysts strong interactions exist between Co‐Mo‐S and the support probably in the torn of Mo‐S or Mo‐O bridges to the alumina (this influences both the chemical and catalytic properties of Co‐Mo‐S); (vii) the Co‐Mo‐S model can explain the catalytic behavior of unsupported and supported catalysts including carbon supported catalysts; (viii) besides Co‐Mo‐S, evidence for similar Ni‐Mo‐S, Co‐M‐S, Ni‐W‐S and Fe‐Mo‐S structures has been found. The promotional effect depends on the nature of the atoms at the MoS2(or WS2) edges and for Fe‐Mo‐S, the effect is slightly negative; (ix) the nature of the active sites has been observed to be different in unpromoted and promoted catalysts; (x) for unpromoted Mo catalysts edge sites have a higher HDS activity than corner sites; (xi) Co‐Mo‐S and Ni‐Mo‐S type structures have also been observed to play a role in hydrogenation.
Normal Coordinate Analysis and Molecular Constants of Some XY4Z2 Type Molecules
Authors: Ravikumar K. G. , Gunasekaran S. , Mohan S.
Published: September 2010

All the general quadratic valence force field potential constants of CaMoCl4O2 and K2PtCl4Br2 molecules are evaluated using kinetic constants which in turn is used to obtain other molecular constants. Furthermore, some of the unassigned frequencies are predicted in the present work.
AlPO4‐Supported Rhodium Catalysts. VI.‐ Liquid‐Phase Hydrogenation of CH2‐CH‐r Compounds
Authors: Cabello J. A. , Campelo J. M. , García A. , Luna D. , Marinas J. M.
Published: September 2010

The hydrogenation of a wide variety of unsaturated compounds in the form CH2‐CH‐R was carried out under 0.55 MPa of hydrogen pressure and temperatures between 293–323 K, with methanol as the solvent, using 1 wt % rhodium‐on‐AlPO4catalysts. The catalysts are highly reactive towards the selective hydrogenation of the olefinic bond except for α‐ß‐unsaturated alcohols and aldehydes.

The reaction rate is a function of both the substituents at the olefinic bond and the support of the rhodium catalysts. However, there is no linear relationship between electronic or steric effects on the reaction rate.

Apparent activation energies, Ea, and Arrhenius constants, ln A, show a linear relationship, i.e. the compensation effect.
Chimie Des Radioprotecteurs : Révision De La Synthèse Des Acides S‐[ (Aminopropyl‐3) Aminoéthyl‐2] Et S‐ [ (N‐Méthylaminopropyl‐3) Aminoéthyl‐2] Phosphorothioiques
Authors: Laduranty Joelle , Lion Claude , Mesnard DaniÈLe , Miginiac LÉOne
Published: September 2010

Simple, reproducible and detailed preparations of S‐ [2‐ (3‐aminoprypyl) aminoethyl) and S‐ (2‐ (3‐N‐methylaminopropyl) aminoethyl] phosphorothioic acids (HO)2P(O)‐S‐ (CH2)2‐NH‐ (CH2)3‐NH‐R (R = H and CH3), named WR 2721 and WR 1680 respectively, are described. The yields of each step have been optimized to facilitate the synthesis of these compounds of large interest in the cancer radio‐ and chemotherapy.
Transition‐Metal‐Catalysed Reactions of Diazoesters: Synthesis of Chrysanthemic and Permethric Acid Esters by Cyclopropanation of Conjugated Dienes
Authors: Demonceau A. , Noels A. F. , Anciaux A. J. , Hubert A. J. , Teyssié P.
Published: September 2010

Pyrethroid precursors (permethric and chrysanthemic acid esters) are efficiently synthesized by rhodium(II)‐catalysed cyclopropanation of the properly substituted conjugated diene. Reaction selectivities depend on both the catalyst counter‐ion and the diazoester alkoxy‐group (carbene precursor) and are attributed to non‐bonded interactions.
The Meisenheimer Reaction of 1,4,5,8‐Tetraazaphenanthrene and Benzo [f] Quinoxaline N‐Oxides
Authors: Nasielski‐Hinkens R. , Faucon F. , Owen J. P.
Published: September 2010

1,4,5,8‐Tetraazaphenanthrene‐N1‐oxide (II) reacts with POCl3to give equivalent amounts of 2‐chloro‐tetraazaphenanthrene (V) and 9‐chloro‐tetraazaphenanthrene (VI). Benzo [f] quinoxaline‐N1‐oxide (IV) gives with the same reagent 2‐chloro‐benzo [f] quinoxaline (IX, 57%) and 9‐chloro‐benzo[f]quinoxaline (X, 15%). This last result suggests that the chloride ion has entered position 9− of II rather than position 10−, in agreement with electronic effects.
Synthèse et Réactions de Déplacement Nucléophile de Dérivés Nitres et Halogènes du [3, 2‐b] Pyridino [4, 5] Benzo‐1, 3a, 6, 6a‐Tetraazapentalene.
Authors: Maquestiau A. , Flammang‐Barbieux M. , Vilain E.
Published: September 2010

The reactions of [3, 2‐b] pyridino [4, 5] benzo‐1, 3a, 6, 6a‐tetraazapentalene [I] and its nitro‐ or halogeno‐derivatives with some electrophiles and nucleophiles are described. The directive influence of the tetraazapentalene nucleus on electrophilic and nucleophilic substitution reactions at the pyridine and the benzene rings is discussed.
Kinetic Study of The Homolytic Substitution in Triethyltinbromide by Photochemically Generated Iodine Atoms
Authors: Verdonck L. , Saccasijn E. , De Ryck P. H. , Hoste S. , van Der Kelen G. P.
Published: September 2010

For the homolytic substitution in triethyltinbromide by photochemically generated iodine atome the initial rate expression iR ‐ k(Et3SnBr)i. In has been found. The accordance between the experimental and the theoretical derived initial rate expression confirms the proposed radical chain mechanism.
Pyrolyse‐Éclair en Phase Gazeuse du 1‐Acétylimidazole
Authors: Maquestiau A. , Tommasetti A. , Pedregal‐Freire C. , Elguero J. , Flammang R.
Published: September 2010

1‐acetylimidazole [1] is isomerized into 2‐ and 4‐acetylimidazoles [2] and [3] under flash‐vacuum pyrolytic conditions. This has been demonstrated by a real‐time analysis of the products using mass and ion kinetic energy spectrometries.
Étude de la Réactivité du 3‐Amino‐2‐Butenoate D'Éthyle vis‐à‐vis D'azoline‐5‐ones
Authors: Maquestiau A. , Eynde J.‐J. Vanden , Manderlier R.
Published: September 2010

Various 1,3‐disubstituted pyrazolin‐5‐ones, 3‐phenylisoxazolin‐5‐one and 2‐phenyloxazolin‐5‐one react with ethyl 3‐amino‐2‐butenoate to yield compounds resulting from the elimination of ammonia between the precursors; subsequent intramolecular cyclization is only observed in the pyrazolonic series.

Under the same experimental conditions, ethyl 3‐oxobutanoate is less reactive than the enaminocarbonyl analogue.

1H NMR data show that the structure of the so obtained products is highly sensitive to solvent effects.
Déplacements Homolytiques Intramoléculaires 6‐Thermolyse Du Pérpentène‐4 Oate De T‐Butyle Dans Les Polyhalogènoalcanes
Authors: Kharrat A. , Gardrat C. , Maillard B.
Published: September 2010

A free radical induced decomposition of tert‐butyl perpent‐4‐enoate has been observed during its thermolysis in polyhalogenoalkanes. This reaction is an easy way to prepare different 4‐β‐halogenoalkylbutyrolactones.
Amino Steroids‐Physicochemical Behaviour and Conformation of Epimeric 20‐Aminopregnanes an Interpretation Based On 1H and 13C NMR Data
Authors: Biesemans M. , van De Woude G. , van Hove L.
Published: September 2010

The marked inversion of properties such as polarity and basicity observed within a couple of epimeric 20‐aminopregnanes carrying an ethylene acetal function at 12, compared with the corresponding couples carrying a ketone function at 12 or those looking substitution at 12, ie the result of a hydrogen bond between the acetal and the amine functions as shown by 1H and 13C NMR analyses.
Synthesis of Some Schiff Base Complexes of Tin: Reaction Of Stannic Chloride With Multidentate Dibasic Schiff Bases
Authors: Ghose B. N. , Karo M. D.
Published: September 2010

Eight new chelating complexes of the type X2SnL, where X represents chlorine and L represents dianionic tetradentate Schiff bases, bis (o‐hydroxyacetophenone) ethylenediimine (o‐HAP‐EN), bis (o‐hydroxybenzophenone) ethylenediimine (o‐HBP‐EN), bis (o‐hydroxyacetophenone) propylenediimine (o‐HAP‐PN), bis (o‐hydroxybenzophenone) propylenediimine (o‐HBP‐PN), bis (o‐hydroxyacetophenone) butylenediimine (o‐HAP‐BN), bis (o‐hydroxybenzophenone) butylenediimine (o‐HBP‐BN), bis (o‐hydroxyacetophenone) p‐phenylenediimine (o‐HAP‐p‐PD), bis (o‐hydroxybenzophenone) p‐phenylenediimine (o‐HBP‐p‐PD), have been synthesized by the reaction of stannic chloride and the Schiff bases in presence of triethyl amine. The complexes have been characterized by their physical and spectral data.
Enantioselective Capillary Gas Chromatography of Proline and Congeners
Authors: Anteunis M. J. O. , Haerens Chr. , Becu Chr.
Published: September 2010

A base line enantiomer separation of esters of N‐pivaloyl Pro and some congeners is obtained on commercial OV‐225 and Chirasil‐Val chiral polysiloxane phases.
Triterpentrïdes De Dodonaea Viscosa
Authors: Dimbi Makoso Zexa , Kapundu Mpuza , Darimont Edmond , Warin Roger , Delaude Clément , Huls Robert
Published: September 2010

From the saponin of the stem barks of Dodonaea viscosa (L.) Jacq. (Sapindaceae) we have isolated the known genins R1‐barrigenol and Jegosapogenol and two novel prosapogenins R1‐barrigenol 21,22‐diangelate and Jegosapogenol 21‐(2,3‐dihydroxy‐2‐methylbutyrate),22‐angelate. Structures have been elucidated chiefly by spectroscopic means.
Étude Des Propriétés Oxydantes D'Alcènes De L'Iodylbenzène En Présence D'Acetylacétonate De Vanadyle
Authors: Barret R. , Pautet F. , Daudon M. , Fillion H. , Mathian B.
Published: September 2010

Vanadylacetylacetonate catalyses the epoxidation of olefins by iodylbenzene. A free radical oxidation mechanism is postulated.
A Configuration‐Retaining α, β‐Diol to 1,4‐Dioxane Conversion1
Authors: Hosten N. G. C. , Tavernier D. , Anteunis M. J. O.
Published: September 2010

Cis‐Perhydronaphtalene‐2,3‐diol treated with ethyl diazoacetate/rhodium (II) pivalate gives the mono‐O‐alkylation product which cyclizes readily to the lactone (dioxanone). Photo‐chemical deoxygenation with trichlorosilane affords the dioxane derivative perhydro‐1,4‐dioxaanthracene.
Helicenes: Synthèse Photochimique De Fluoro‐1‐Pentahelicenes
Authors: Gorsane M. , Martin R. H.
Published: September 2010

1‐Fluoropentahelicene and substituted derivatives have been synthesized by the photocyclodehydrogenation of 1,2‐di(2‐naphthyl) ethylenes (1) and 3‐styrylphenanthrenes (2). In two cases (la and 2d) the photocyclisations gave rise to benzo [g,h,i] perylenes (7, 8, 23, 24) a reaction involving either the loss (8, 24) or the migration (7, 23) of the fluorine atom. The1H‐NMR spectra are described.
Polarographic Behaviour of Phenylbiguanide Hydrochloride
Authors: Martinez Calatayud J. , Fagoaga Caridad P. , Vicente Pedrós F.
Published: September 2010

The polarographic behaviour of phenylbiguanide hydrochloride in aqueous solution is studied. A cathodic wave is observed between 1.90 and 9.89 pH values. The electrodic process is described. The calibration graph is linear up to 10−3 M phenylbiguanide.
Polarography of n‐Butyl 3‐Mercaptopropionate In Water and its Mixtures With Methanol, Acetonitrile and Dioxane
Authors: Gupta K. C. , Jain Miss Nita
Published: September 2010

The polarographic behaviour of n‐butyl 3‐mercaptopropionate (R‐S‐H) at the DME in aqueous methanol, acetonitrile and 1,4‐dioxane has been investigated in presence of 0.1 M KNO3 and 0.01% thymol. The effect of pH, concentration of RSH and drop time, on the wave characteristics and the mechanism of the reaction occurring at the surface of the mercury drop have been studied. Well‐defined reversible and diffusion controlled anodic waves were obtained in aqueous (pH=3.8) 40% v/v methanol (pH=3.86) and 40% v/v acetonitrile (pH=2.94). In 40% v/v dioxane a well‐defined irreversible anodic wave was obtained at pH=8.1. Mathematical and analytical evidence was obtained to show that the anodic wave of RSH at the DME in aqueous 408 v/v methanol, 40% v/v acetonitrile and 40% v/v dioxane is due to formation of a mercury complex RSHg. The linearity of id with RSH concentration provides a rapid and precise method for the determination of RSH, down to 0.4 mM in aqueous methanol, acetonitrile and dioxane medium
Photochemical Reactivity and Fluorescence Analysis of 6‐Methoxyquinoline, 6‐Methoxyquinaldine, and 4,7‐Dichloroquinoline
Authors: Fidanza J. , Aaron J. J.
Published: September 2010

The photochemical reactivity of 6‐methoxyquinoline, 6‐methoxyquinaldine, and 4,7‐dichloroquinoline has been investigated by UV spectrophotometry and spectrophotofluorimetry, in liquid solution and on silica‐gel thin layers. Ultraviolet irradiation decreases the fluorescence intensity of 6‐methoxyquinoline and 6‐methoxyquinaldine, with apparent first‐order rate constants of photolysis. A highly fluorescent photoproduct is formed upon irradiation of 4,7‐dichloroquinoline, and a photochemical scheme is proposed. The effect of solvent composition, pH, and irradiation time on fluorescence intensity, and the effect of medium on the photochemical enhancement or quenching of fluorescence have been studied for the three compounds. Fluorimetric pKa values are found to be in good agreement with the ground‐state dissociation constants. Linear calibration plots are obtained over a concentration range of two to three orders of magnitude. Very low fluorimetric detection limits, at the picomole (or ng) level are determined for the methoxyquinolines. Photochemical‐fluorimetry is a useful method for the analysis of 4,7‐dichloroquinoline
Optimization of a Wet Digestion Method for the Determination of Mercury in Coal Samples by Cold Vapor Atomic Absorption Spectrometry (CVAAS)
Authors: Dumarey R. , Verbiest P. , Dama R.
Published: September 2010

A comparative study is reported on different wet‐digestion mixtures and reaction vessels for the reduction‐aeration/amalgamation/CVAAS determination of mercury in coal samples. A 100% recovery is obtained when performing the digestion in HNO3/HCIO4/(NH4)2S2O8 at 250–300°C using the Bethge apparatus. Total reaction time is about 30 min. No interference is found by undissolved silicates which are eliminated by filtration. The digests are stable for 24 h. The detection limit is 0.2 ng Hg ml−1 for a 5ml‐fraction analysis, corresponding to 0.08 ppm in the coal. The reproducibility of the entire method is better than 2% above 0.5 ng ml−1. Results are given for the analysis of standard reference coal samples showing a good agreement with the certified value
Transition State Solvation Effects in the Kinetics of Decomposition of Tetraphenylphosphonium Bromide With Hydroxide or Methoxide Anions In Protic‐Dipolar Aprotic Solvent Systems
Authors: Khalil Fayez Y. , Abdel‐Halim F. M. , Hanna M. T. , El‐Batouti M.
Published: September 2010

A kinetic study has been made of the decomposition of tetraphenyl‐phosphonium bromide with hydroxide or methoxide anions in mixtures of dimethyl sulphoxide with methanol. Both reactions display drastic rate increase as the DMSO content of the medium is increased. The rate of the OH− reaction is faster than that of the OMe−, due to a change in mechanism, and the kinetic factor k'OH‐/k'OMe‐depends largely on solvent composition. The transition state solvation is believed to exihibit a large contribution in rate enhancement. Solvent effects are shown to be far more important in determining the electrostatic phenomena than other solvent properties like dielectric constant. The thermodynamic parameters of the activated complex are considered.
Synthèse Et Étude Rmn 1H Et 13C Du 1‐(9‐Anthryl) Éthanol Et Des 2,2,2‐Trifluoro‐2,2,2‐Trichloro‐et 2,2,2‐Tribromo‐1‐(9‐Anthryl) Éthanols. Estimation Des Barrières Conformationnelles
Authors: Ben Hassine B. , Gorsane M. , Pecher J. , Martin R. H. , Defay N. , Ottinger R.
Published: September 2010

The alcohols 1 to 4 were prepared with good to excellent yields. Their 1H and 13C N.M.R. spectra were recorded at different temperatures. For 1, 2 and 3, the conformational barriers corresponding to the C(9')‐C(1) rotation are close to 11, 14.5 and 19 KcalM−1, respectively.
N‐(1‐Acyloxyalkyl) Heteroaryliumsalze, IV1 Konformationskontrollierte Deprotonierung
Authors: Anders E. , Clark T. , Stankowiak A. , Boldt H. G. , Fuchs R.
Published: September 2010

MNDO semiempirical molecular orbital theory has been used to investigate the various possible reactions open to the title compounds (eq. 2–4).

Specifically, the energy differences between the compounds resulting from deprotonation in the ortho‐, meta‐, and para‐positions of pyridine and pyridine‐N‐oxide are compared with those obtained from N‐alkylpyridinium salts.

A variety of results from the literature can be explained with help of the MNDO results. The mechanism of the substitution reaction (2) is determined by the energetically favored conformation of the salts 7.
Insight in the Mechanism of Cyclopropanation of Electrophilic Olefins by 2‐Metallo‐2‐Nitro‐Propanes
Authors: Chaboteaux C. , Krief A.
Published: September 2010

2‐metallo‐2‐nitro‐propanes proved particularly powerful reagents for the synthesis of gem‐dimethylcyclopropane carboxylic esters. Insight into the intimate mechanism of this reaction is disclosed for the first time.
Establishment of the Nature of the Reactive Species of Ni(III) ION: Kinetics of Oxidation of Iodide and Thiocyanate Ions by NiO(OH) In Aqueous H2SO4 Medium
Authors: Rayapa Reddy T. , Murthy G. S. S. , Jagannadham V.
Published: September 2010

Solid nickel oxyhydroxide [NiO(OH)] has been prepared by oxidation of Ni(II) ions by bromine in aqueous alkali. The reaction of this nickel oxyhydroxide with iodide and thiocyanate ions in aqueous H2SO4 medium is overall second order, being first order each in [oxidant] and [reductant]. The rates of oxidation of iodide and thiocyanate ions were affected by added H+, So ions and also dependent on solvent polarity. The order in [H+] was found to be 2, suggesting that Ni(OH)2+ may be the reactive species. This was further confirmed by ionic strength and solvent effect studies. Evidence for no complex formation between Ni(OH)2+ and either iodide or thiocyanate ions led to conclude that the reaction is an outer sphere electron transfer process.
Proton NMR and Mass Spectrometric Study of Triazolobenzodiazepines
Authors: Fernandez‐Arciniega M. A. , Hernandez L. , Habeeb A. H. R. , Alonso R. M. , Jimenez R. M.
Published: September 2010

The proton NMR and the high‐resolution electron impact mass spectra of alprazolam and triazolam, two new triazolo [4,3‐a]‐[1,4]‐benzodiazepines were studied.
Diastereoselective NaBH4 Reductions of (dl) α‐Keto Esters
Authors: Ben Hassine B. , Gorsane M. , Pecher J. , Martin R. H.
Published: September 2010

The (dl) α‐keto esters 16, were prepared from the (dl) carbinols 1 to 4 and from (dl)‐2‐hydroxyheptahelicene 5. These (dl) α‐keto esters underwent NaBH4 reductions to give the corresponding diastereomeric (dl) α‐hydroxy esters 17, with 54 to ∼100% diastereomeric excesses.
Synthesis of the Racemic Form of (Z)‐1, 17‐Diaminooctadec‐9‐Ene, An Aliphatic Diamine From Coccinellidae, Determination of the Absolute Configuration of the (+)‐Naturally‐Occurring Antipode
Authors: Braconnier M. F. , Braekman J. C. , Daloze D.
Published: September 2010

The total synthesis of the title compound (1) has been achieved. Also reported is the use of lanthanide induced shifts in 1H NMR spectroscopy to assign the absolute configuration of the α‐carbon atom in chiral primary α‐methylalkylamines. Application of this empirical method to natural (+)‐1 shows that it has the R‐configuration at C‐17.
Separation of Cadmium(II), Iron(III), Nickel(II) and Copper(II) in Aqueous Solutions Using Adogen‐Foam Columns
Authors: Farag A. B. , El‐Wakil A. M. , El‐Shahawi M. S.
Published: September 2010

Polyurethane foam, polyether of open‐cell type, immobilizing Adogen‐364 (trialkyl tertiary amine) has been prepared and its capability for the separation of some metal ions in aqueous solution was examined. Adogen‐loaded foam columns have successfully been used in the separation of cadmium(II), iron(III), nickel(II) and copper(II). Typical examples of separations are given.
Organocobalt Compounds in the Synthesis of Pyridines
Authors: Bönnemann H. , Brijoux W.
Published: September 2010

The cocyclization of alkynes with cyano compounds using organocobalt catalysts of the type [YCoL] is a useful synthetic method for pyridine and its derivatives. Y represents a controlling ligand, e.g. cyclopentadienyl, L is a neutral ligand, e.g. cyclooctadiene. A correlation between the 59Co NMR spectra of the [YCoL]‐complexes and their catalytic properties in the pyridine synthesis leads to certain structure‐effectivity relationships.
Catalytic Oxidations in Organic Synthesis
Authors: Sheldon Roger
Published: September 2010

Despite the availability of attractive catalytic alternatives the average synthetic organic chemist still clings to the use of expensive, environmentally unacceptable stoichiometric oxidants when confronted with an oxidative transformation. The scope and versatility of alternative catalytic oxygen transfer reagents, which employ a metal catalyst in conjunction with a cheap, readily available oxygen donor, such as hydrogen peroxide, an alkyl hydroperoxide or hypochlorite, are reviewed. These reagents are environmentally more acceptable than their stoichiometric counterparts and eminently suitable for industrial applications.

In choosing examples to illustrate the general theme emphasis has been placed on reactions often encountered in organic synthesis, e.g. alcohol oxidations, and those exhibiting unusual chemo‐, regio‐ and stereoselectivities. Both synthetic and mechanistic aspects are discussed. The mechanisms and potential synthetic utility of biomimetic oxygen transfer processes are also reviewed.
The Synthesis of Organic Chemicals by Catalytic Reactions of Carbon Dioxide
Authors: Behr Arno
Published: September 2010

Different reactions are discussed in which carbon dioxide adds to unsaturated hydrocarbons after activation by transition metal catalysts. Alkynes react in the presence of nickel or rhodium complexes to yield substituted pyrones. Alkenes are also described to react with CO2 yielding acids and esters; however, the proof, that carbon dioxide is really involved in this reaction, is still lacking. The best studied reaction is the chemistry of carbon dioxide and butadiene. Using palladium, nickel and ruthenium catalysts γ‐ and Δ‐lactones are formed by the reaction of two molecules of butadiene and one molecule of CO2. The catalyst and the reaction parameters could be optimized thus enabling the synthesis of the Δ‐lactone in an industrial scale. A mechanism is proposed in which a carboxylate complex is discussed to be the key intermediate, and a similar palladium complex could be. isolated in a related stoichiometric experiment. Using rhodium catalysts, a γ‐lactons is formed in which three molecules of butadiene are connected to one molecule of carbon dioxide. Also the co‐reaction of butadiene, isoprene and CO2 yields novel lactones. All these products may become of interest as fine chemicals, for instance fragrances. Another possible use of the lactones is their conversion into open‐chained products. The splitting of the Δ‐lactone yields new carboxylic acids and esters with hydroxy or methoxy substituents, which may become useful starting molecules for chemical syntheses.
Médiation Électronique Et Effet De Température Dans Le Cycle Photocatalytique Du Tris(2,2'‐Bipyridine)Rhodium(III)
Authors: Hubesch Bruno , Mahieu Bernard , Meunier‐Piret Jacqueline
Published: September 2010

Methylviologen or iodate were efficiently used as electronic relays in the Rh(bipy)/dextrose/TiO2‐Pt(o)/buffer(pH=1.30) photocatalytic system. The temperature shows little effect on the photoevolution of hydrogen. The crystallographic structure of Rh(bipy) has been investigated.
The Solid State Conformation of Trans N‐Pivaloyl‐D‐Phenylalanyl‐L‐Proline‐N‐Ethylamide C21H31H31N3O3
Authors: Wu S. , Tinant B. , Declercq J. P. , van Meerssche M. , Borremans F. A. M. , Anteunis M. J. O.
Published: September 2010

The X‐ray structure of N‐Piv‐D‐Phe‐L‐Pro‐NHEt(C21H31N3O3) was solved by direct methods from diffractometer data. Crystallized from diethylether solution, orthorhombic, space group P212121, a = 19.336(24) b = 16.818(18), c = 6.488(7)Å, V = 2110(4)Å3, Dx = 1.18 g cm−3 for Z = 4. MoKα radiation, λ = 0.71069 Å; μ = 0.85 cm−1, F(000) = 808. Final R value = 0.084 for 1307 observed reflections.

The peptide backbone is in the all‐transoid configuration and takes the type II β bend conformation characterized by ϕ1,Ψ1,ϕ2 and Ψ2 values of 61.8°, ‐123.2°, ‐84.8° and 0.8° respectively and by an intramolecular hydrogen bond involving the ethylamide NH and the pivaloyl carboxyl oxygen. The phenyl group stacks over the central amide bond in the “extended‐to‐oxygen” rotamer, thereby facing the prolyl side chain.
The Structure of the Trans N‐Pivaloyl‐D‐Phenylalanyl‐L‐Thiazolidine‐4‐(N′‐Ethyl)Carboxamide in the Crystalline State C20H20N3O3S
Authors: Wu S. , Tinant B. , Declercq J. P. , van Meerssche M. , Borremans F. A. M. , Anteunis M. J. O.
Published: September 2010

The X‐ray structure of N‐Piv‐D‐Phe‐L‐Thz‐NHEt(C20H20N3O3S) was solved by direct methods from diffractometer data. Crystallized from diethylether solution, orthorhombic, space group P212121, a = 19.466(10), b = 16.768(13), c = 6.384(3)Å, Dx = 1.25 g cm−3 for Z = 4, V = 2084(2)Å3, MoKα radiation, λ = 0.71069 Å; μ = 1.81 cm−1, F(000) = 840. Final R value = 0.051 for 1233 observed reflections.

The peptide chain forms a bend of the type II' β (ϕ1,Ψ1,Ψ2,Ψ2 = 62.5°, ‐125.1°, ‐92.5° and 10.1°), with the three amide bonds in the trans configuration. This conformation is stabilized by an intramolecular hydrogen bond between the NH ethyl group and the oxygen of the pivaloyl moiety.
Utilisation du Tri‐n‐Butylaluminium Pour la Transformation du Dibenzyldichloroétain en Dibutyldichloroétain
Authors: Mahieu B. , Mestdagh‐Peeters C. , De Laet M.
Published: September 2010

Benzyl chloride easily reacts with tin metal to yield dibenzyltin dichloride; no catalyst nor drastic conditions are needed to achieve the reaction. Such a singularity has lead to propose benzyl chloride as a reagent for tin recovery (from tinplates e.g.).

However, benzyltin derivatives show poor performances as compared to butyltin compounds, especially from the point of view of phytopharmacy and PVC protection. Metathesis of the benzyl groups with butyl groups by means of tri‐n‐butylaluminium increases the economic interest of the recovery process.
Reaction Pathways in 1‐Butanol Dehydration on γ‐Alumina
Authors: Berteau P. , Ruwet M. , Delmon B.
Published: September 2010

1‐Butanol dehydration has been studied on pure γ‐Al2O3. Dehydration products are 1‐butene, dibutylether and water, and an isomerization reaction leads to 2‐butene.

The aim of this work was to obtain basic information on the influences of experimental parameters like reaction temperature, reactant partial pressure and contact time on the activity of our catalyst.

We propose a reaction pathway where the most important fact is a competitive phenomenon between direct and consecutive dehydration reactions.
New Aminoquinolones from Arylisocyanates and Ynediamine
Authors: Bouvy A. , Janousek Z. , Viehe H. G. , Arietta J. M.
Published: September 2010

Ynediamine 1 is a versatile synthon in heterocyclic chemistry. It reacts with arylisocyanates to furnish new diaminoquinolones 4 and 5 by rearrangement as confirmed by X‐Ray measurements. They react with phosgene by loss of methyl chloride whereby an oxazolone ring is formed.
The Outline Structure of Protein Domains Called Kringles
Authors: Esnouf P. , Lawrence M. P. , Mabbutt B. C. , Patthy L. , Pluck N. , Williams R. J. P.
Published: September 2010

In this paper we show how nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) methods can be used to analyse the structure and mobility of the domains, kringles, of the proteins of the blood clotting system, prothrombin and plasminogen. The methods are quite general to similar domains in many proteins.
Viscosity Dependency of Intramolecular Excimer Formation in Modelsystems for Poly (N‐Vinylcarbazole)
Authors: Vandendriessche J. , van Der Auwerser M. , De Schryvar F. C.
Published: September 2010

The viscosity dependency of the rate constant of intramolecular excimer formation in 1,3‐di (N‐carbazolyl)‐propane and meso‐2,4‐di(N‐carbazolyl) pentane in a series of alkane solvents is reported. The results are fitted to the models of Gegiou, Kramers, and Skinner and Wolynes. The models of Kramers, and of Skinner and Wolynes fail to describe the experimental data of 1,3‐di(N‐carbazolyl)‐propane, the model of Gegiou, which is based on the free volume required for rotation processes, describes accurately these data. The data of meso‐2,4‐di(N‐carbazolyl)pentane, in the measured viscosity domain, are nearly equally adequate described by the three models.
Stereochemical Outcome of the Reaction of Some α‐Selenoalkyllithiums with 4‐t‐Butyl Cyclohexanone
Authors: Labar D. , Krief A. , Norberg B. , Evrard G. , Durant F.
Published: September 2010

α‐selenoathyllithiums were found to have a high propensity to add to 4‐t‐butyl cyclohexanone in an equatorial mode. Stereochemical assignments are discussed.
Pyridines. XIV1 ‐Acylation de Pyridyl‐Lithioènamidines. Synthèse de Pyridyl‐N‐Acylènamidines et de Pyridylpyrimidones‐4
Authors: Compagnon Paul‐Louis , Gasquez Françoise , Kimny Tan
Published: September 2010

The mixture PhLi:di‐ or tri‐methylpyridine 1:PhCN:RCOCl (R=Me, Ph, Et0, Me2N) or PhCO2Me (molar ratio 3:1:3:3) leads through the intermediates primary lithioenamines 3 and lithioenamidines 4, to acylated products, N‐acylenamines (enamides) 5, β‐diketones and β‐ketoesters 6, C‐acylenamides 7, N‐acylenamidines 8 and their cyclization derivatives, pyridylhydroxypyrimidines 10 (yield up to 60%) and pyridyldihydropyrimidones 11 (yield up to 10%). Distillation of the crude extract leads to naphthyridones 12 (yield up to 10%) which result from thermocyclization of the enamides 5f, 5g and 7f. Various by‐products are isolated such as N, N‐dimethyl‐N', N'‐diphenylmethyleneurea resulting from N‐lithiodiphenylketimine and phenacylpyridines 13. Crotonization and oxidation of the latter compounds lead to the aza‐analogues 14, 15 of dibenzoylstilbenes.
Dehydration, Deammoniation and Thermal Stability of Ferrierite
Authors: Verbiest J. , Vansant E. F.
Published: September 2010

An attempt was made to clarify the adsorption mechanism of partially hydrated and ammoniated ferrierite. The adsorption of CO, CO2, N2, O2, Xe, Kr, Ar, CH4 on the H‐ferrierite was investigated as a function of the adsorption temperature. Using equilibrium thermal analyses and adsorption techniques (N2 at 77 K) the dehydration and deammoniation of ferrierite has been studied. Important adsorption variations depending on the pretreatment temperature were observed. The thermal stability of ferrierite was investigated using the adsorption values for N2 at 77 K of pretreated samples. A dehydroxylation and a sintering of the zeolite convert the zeolite into a ‘glass‐like’ species at 1173 K, unsuitable for adsorption. The adsorption behaviour of H‐ferrierite and H‐mordenite LP show only a qualitative analogy; no quantitative relations were observed.
The Uv‐Vis Spectra of the M(LH2)2X2 Complexes with Planar Dithiooxamides. M=Ni,Pd,Pt; X=Cl,Br,I
Authors: Hofmans H. , Desseyn H. O.
Published: September 2010

The electronic spectra of the M(LH2)2X2 complexes with planar dithiooxamides have been recorded in KX matrices. The relative positions of the absorption bands and the characteristic shifts on metal and ligand substitution are used to assign the electronic transitions.
Crystal Structure of 4‐Tert‐Butylimino‐3, 3‐Diethoxycarbonyl‐1‐Methyl‐2‐Tosylimino‐Azetidine
Authors: Meervelt Luc Van , L'Abbé Gerrit , King Geoffrey S. D.
Published: September 2010

The crystal structure of 4‐tert‐butylimino‐3, 3‐diethoxycarbonyl‐1‐methyl‐2‐tosylimino‐azetidine (C21H29N3O6S, a=25.334(4), b=8.223(1), c=11.574(2) Å, β=91.88(1)°, space group P21/n, Z=4) has been determined by single‐crystal X‐Ray diffraction techniques and refined to R=0.095 (The high R‐value is ascribed to the small crystal size and also to partial disorder in a side‐chain). The four membered ring is planar with a long C‐C bond of 1.60(2) Å. The bond lengths of the exocyclic imino functions differ significantly.
The Influence of a Torch Extension on the Detection Power of an Inductively Coupled Argon Plasma Used in Atomic Emission Spectrometry
Authors: Taylor P. D. P.
Published: September 2010

This paper describes the application of an extension to a plasma torch used in ICAP‐AES (Inductively Coupled Argon Plasma‐Atomic Emission Spectrometry). The effect on the background emission spectrum is examined as well as the effect on the detection limits for several spectral lines.
Synthesis of Functionalized 2,3‐dihydro‐ [9bH] Oxazolo [2,3‐a]‐Isoindoline‐5‐Ones
Authors: Kimpe Norbert De , Yao Zipeng , Buyck Laurent De , Verhe Roland , Schamp Niceas
Published: September 2010

The synthesis of 9b‐functionalized 2,3‐dihydro‐[9bH] oxazolo [2, 3‐a] isoindoline‐5‐ones by reaction of 1‐azaallylic carbanions with N‐(2‐bromoethyl) phthalimide is described.
Heterocycles Synthesis Through Reactions of Nucleophiles with Acrylonitriles
Authors: Abdel‐Latif F. F. , Gohar A‐K. M. N.
Published: September 2010

A New series of 4‐pyridinyl substituted pyranoazoles and pyridinones were prepared through the reactions of α‐substituted‐B‐(4‐pyridinyl) acrylonitriles with active methylene reagents. The activating effect of the pyridin‐4‐yl substituent on the double bond in acrylonitriles is demonstrated.