bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
59.2: Development of Ni Sputtering System for Mass Production of Large AMOLED TV Based on SGS Technology
Authors: Han Gi‐Youl , Ko Kwang‐Soo , Kim Mun‐Sik , Lee Won‐Yong , Choi Jueng‐Hwan , Choi Jae‐Moon , Lee Jun‐Yong
Published: July 2011

‘Super Grain Silicon’ (SGS) technology, a non‐laser crystallization method, to fabricate LTPS TFT backplane for large AMOLED TV is known to require an extremely small amounts of Ni (1012∼14 atoms/cm2) deposited onto a‐Si thin film. We developed the world's first, prototype generation 6 (Gen 6, 1,500 × 1,850 mm) Ni sputtering system for SGS method. For such sputtering system to be employed for mass production, we should confirm the main performances of the system such as the uniformity of Ni distribution, the controllability, and reproducibility of Ni deposition. In this work, we revealed that the grain size of SGS poly‐Si ranged from about 10 μm to about 130 μm by controlling some of main factors such as the substrate moving speed and the electrical power density of Ni target. The sputtering system also showed an excellent reproducibility of average value of 30 μm with a variation of ±5 μm for 43 substrates. At this time, the crystallization of SGS poly‐Si was over 88%, and the grain size uniformity was less than 10% within Gen 6 substrate area. In addition to the performance of the system, we will discuss its basic concepts and potentials to be used as a system for mass production of AMOLED TV on large substrates such as Gen 8 (2,200 × 2500 mm) to Gen 11 (3,000 × 3,200 mm).
59.3: Bridged‐grain (BG) Eximer Laser Annealing (ELA) Polycrystalline Silicon Thin Film Transistors (TFTs)
Authors: Zhao Shuyun , Meng Zhiguo , Zhou Wei , Wong Man , Kwok Hoi Sing
Published: July 2011

A new technique bridged‐grain (BG) was introduced. Using this BG eximer laser annealing (ELA) poly‐Si as an active layer, the grain boundary effects can be reduced. Important electrical properties such as sub‐threshold swing, threshold voltage, maximum field effect mobility, leakage current, on‐off ratio and device uniformity across the substrate can all be improved using the present technique. The improvement can be achieved at low cost, thus making inexpensive, high performance LTPS TFT a reality.
59.4: Rapid Dehydrogenation Technology of a‐Si using Xe Flash‐Lamp Annealing
Authors: Chang Young Jin , Oh Jae Hwan , Jin Seong Hyun , Park Se Hun , Choi Min Hwan , Lee Won Kyu , Choi Jae Beom , Kim Hye Dong , Kim Sang Soo
Published: July 2011

Feasibility of the flash lamp annealing (FLA) process is tested for rapid dehydrogenation of a‐Si:H films without any damage on the glass substrate. Pulse duration of the flash lamp is 100 μs and the annealing process was carried out at room temperature. As the pulse energy density increases, hydrogen content in a‐Si films decreases. Thin film transistors based on the FLA dehydrogenation process have mobility of 108 cm2/V‐s and sub‐threshold swing of 0.39 V/dec. 14″ qFHD AMOLED displays have been fabricated using FLA. It is expected that the FLA process can further reduce manufacturing cost of LTPS TFT backplanes for large area AMOLED displays, because the FLA process can be applied not only for the dehydrogenation process but also for the crystallization and dopant activation processes.
60.2: A Polarized Laser Backlight Using a Polymer Free of Orientational and Photoelastic Birefringence
Authors: Kurashima Takahiro , Tagaya Akihiro , Koike Yasuhiro
Published: July 2011

We proposed a polarized laser backlight to improve light use efficiency of liquid crystal displays, and evaluated the basic polarization properties of prototype of the backlight. The prototype backlight consisted of a laser, a polarizer, a diffusion sheet and two light guide plates of zero zero‐birefringence polymer, which is free of orientational and photoelastic birefringence. The front output light from the backlight was highly polarized and the backlight maintained high degree of polarization.
73.4L: Late‐News Paper: Miniature, Highly Efficient, and Low Cost Green Laser Source for Pico‐Projectors
Authors: Essaian Stepan , Khaydarov John , Slavov Slav , Gabrielyan Gevorg , Poghosyan Armen , Soghomonyan Suren
Published: July 2011

We report on progress in development of the low‐cost highly efficient miniature green laser source for consumer electronics applications such as handheld and pocket projectors. The source is based on the monolithic cavity microchip with highly efficient periodically poled MgO‐doped Lithium Niobate as the frequency doubler. This design allows high power output while maintaining small package size. We demonstrate up to 250mW average power output with >13% overall efficiency from the new package with total volume of 0.23cm3. We also demonstrate modulation speed of 2MHz, which, to our knowledge, is the highest, reported for the green microchip laser.
61.1: Control of Subjective Depth in Stereoscopic Motion Pictures by Quantified Aerial Perspective
Authors: Takahashi Shuichi , Hyodo Yasuhide , Lin An‐Pang , Ohashi Isao , Shimpuku Yoshihide , Matsubara Kazuya , Matsumiya Kazumichi , Shioiri Satoshi
Published: July 2011

Our previous study showed that the algorithm using quantified aerial perspective could control subjective depth in stereoscopic still pictures. Being integrated with a motion‐estimation technique, this algorithm can be applied to motion pictures. In this paper, details of the algorithm and results of subjective assessment will be presented and discussed.
62.1: High‐Performance Solution‐Processed OLED Enhanced by Evaporated Common Layer
Authors: Matsumoto Toshiki , Yoshinaga Tadahiko , Higo Tomoyuki , Imai Toshiaki , Hirano Takashi , Sasaoka Tatsuya
Published: July 2011

In order to improve the performances of the solution processed full‐color Organic Light Emitting Diodes (OLEDs), we develop “the advanced hybrid device structure”. This new hybrid device has the hybrid connecting layer (HCL) which is fabricated as a common layer on the solution processed red‐green layers, and under the evaporated blue common layer. This HCL has two different roles depending on each color, the first is improvement of hole injection to the blue emissive layer, and the second is confinement of triplet excitons for red and green emissive layer. We found that HCL can operate as an efficiency enhancement layer for all emissive layers.
62.2: Development of Polymer Light‐Emitting Diode (PLED) Displays using The Relief Printing Method
Authors: Onohara Jun , Mizuno Keisuke , Kubo Yuji , Kitazume Eiichi
Published: July 2011

We have developed high resolution organic light emitting diode(OLED) displays by using a relief printing method. [1] With this method, high resolution OLED fabrication could be realized with high efficiency material usage. We have already reported development of a 5inch full color display.[2] In this paper we report about our prototype 7.4‐inch full color OLED display with ORTUS Technology Co. Ltd. A higher alignment accuracy is needed because we use a new TFT backplane which has a narrower pitch between each pixel than previously to make the pixel apertures larger and achieve a larger pixel size. In general, printing methods have an issue with brightness uniformity. We made the panels, without the unintentional color mixing between neighboring pixels by improving the alignment accuracy of the relief printing method.
63.1: Invited Paper: Liquid Crystal Devices Based on Photo‐Alignment and Photo‐Patterning Materials
Authors: Chigrinov Vladimir , Kwok Hoi Sing , Nishiyama Isa , Hasebe Hirohi , Takatsu Haruyoshi
Published: July 2011

Liquid crystal devices based on photo‐alignment and photo‐patterning materials, were proposed, including patterned retarders for 3D applications, lenses with electrically tunable focal distance, LC based sensors, switchable q‐plates, and optically rewritable E‐paper. The photoalignment materials were mostly photosensitive azo‐dye layers. The combination of azo‐dye layers and liquid crystal polymers were also used for photo patterned phase retarders. The practical applications of new LC elements in 3D displays and other LC technology areas are envisaged.
63.4: Photocopy Technology in Producing Patterned Alignment Layer
Authors: Du Tao , Fan Fan , Guo Qi , Chigrinov Vladimir , Kwok Hoi Sing
Published: July 2011

In this paper, a method of using photocopy technology in producing patterned alignment layer has been proposed, which is capable of copying any possible alignment patterns with the size as small as 2μm. A patterned polarizer made of quarter wave plates using photoalignment technology is used to transfer the alignment patterns to the photoalignment layer.
65.1: Color Breakup Reduction by Local‐Primary‐Desaturation in Color‐Filterless LCDs
Authors: Lin Fang‐Cheng , Zhang Yuning , Langendijk Erno H. A.
Published: July 2011

This paper describes a Local‐Primary‐Desaturation (LPD) method that reduces color breakup and power consumption in a 180Hz field‐sequential‐color LCD. It also investigates the expected color breakup reduction and the power savings as a function of the number of backlight segments. The experimental results indicate that with 180 segments, the color breakup is almost invisible and the average power consumption is reduced to 35% compared to a conventional field‐sequential‐color LCD without LPD.
65.2: A 120Hz Spatio‐Temporal Color Display Without Color Breakup
Authors: Zhang Yuning , Langendijk Erno H. A. , Hammer Martin , Lin Fang‐cheng
Published: July 2011

A color breakup reduction method is proposed for a 120Hz spatio‐temporal color display. It has a 1.5 ×∼3 × high transmission ratio and a 1.5 × high resolution compared to a normal liquid crystal display (LCD) with RGB (red, green, and blue) color filter. It can be implemented on a 120Hz LCD with two‐color filter and a local dimming RGB LED (light emitting diode) backlight. It algorithmically suppresses the color breakup by reducing color differences between fields with a local‐primary desaturation protocol in a segmented backlight.
66.2: Efficiency Enhancement in White PIN OLEDs by Simple Internal Outcoupling Methods
Authors: Canzler Tobias W. , Murano Sven , Pavicic Domagoj , Fadhel Omrane , Rothe Carsten , Haldi Andreas , Hofmann Michael , Huang Qiang
Published: July 2011

Highly efficient white PIN OLED structures based on internal outcoupling approaches using vacuum processable materials have been developed. In combination with external MLA outcoupling films an efficiency enhancement of 1.8 can be achieved resulting in a power efficiency of 50 lm/W at color coordinates x,y = 0.46/0.41 for a tandem OLED using fluorescent blue and phosphorescent green and red emitter systems. In a single unit 2‐color fluorescent white system with the same combination of internal and external outcoupling methods an efficiency of 37 lm/W at a color x,y = 0.48/0.42 is reached. This is to our knowledge the highest power efficiency reported for a fluorescent white OLED with a flat light extraction method. A similar approach using a vacuum processable scattering material in top emission OLED architectures on metal substrates allows to reach efficiencies of 36.5 lm/W with a CRI of 75 at a color x,y = 0.45/0.41.
66.4: Invited Paper: Challenges and Opportunities in Scaling Up OLED Lighting Devices
Authors: Ma Ruiqing , Levermore Peter A. , Pang Huiqing , Mandlik Prashant , Rajan Kamala , Silvernail Jeffrey , Hack Mike , Brown Julie J.
Published: July 2011

In this paper we discuss the challenges involved in scaling from small size pixels to large area OLED lighting panels, with specific focus on panel luminance uniformity, resistive loss and lifetime. We also discuss panel design and report results for a 15 cm × 15 cm phosphorescent OLED (PHOLED) lighting panel.
67.1: Invited Paper: Performance Gains When Using 3D Displays vs. 2D Displays
Authors: Merritt John O.
Published: July 2011

To justify the additional complexity and cost of stereoscopic 3D systems, it is important to document improved task performance and reduced perceptual workload. This paper will explain, through examples from previous studies and by analysis of various 3D display factors involved, why some research studies have shown significant task performance gains from using 3D displays instead of 2D displays, while other studies have reported little or no benefit from 3D. This review also covers some of the 3D side‐benefits and performance‐testing issues that should be considered when deciding between 3D and. 2D displays for specific applications.
67.2: Perceptual Brightness Analysis of 2D and Stereoscopic 3D Displays
Authors: Choi Dongwook , Choi Byeonghwa , Kim Sangho , Lee Seungbae , Berkeley Brian H.
Published: July 2011

In a 3D stereoscopic display, transmissive losses in the shutter glasses cause a reduction of luminance compared to a 2D display. In stereoscopic 3D, evaluation of perceptual brightness through assessment of both of bright and dark luminance levels is needed. This study compares perceptual brightness of 2D and 3D with shutter glasses between AMOLED displays and LCDs considering simultaneous contrast. When 3D luminance of an AMOLED is 12% lower than an LCD as viewed through shutter glasses, according to a comparison based on perceptual contrast length, the displays are perceived as having the same brightness range.
67.3: Perceptually Relevant Characterization of Stereoscopic Displays
Authors: Teunissen Kees , Sevo Aleksandar , van Dalfsen Age , van Parys Hans
Published: July 2011

With the recent introduction of Blu‐ray 3D players and 3D televisions in the consumer market, people can watch 3D movies at home. 3D displays, however, still have imperfections, but there are no clear criteria to quantify performance differences. Standardized physical measurements in combination with perceptually relevant interpretation can help consumers in their buying decision.
P‐71: Sputtered Transparent Conductive ITO/Ag/ITO Films by Roll to Roll Processing
Authors: Yau Bao‐Shun , Lu Chih‐Chiang , Lee Wei‐Jung , Huang Chung‐Huang
Published: July 2011

A roll of transparent conductive ITO/Ag/ITO film was prepared by Roll to Rollsputtering. The effects of deposition parameters on microstructure, electrical and optical properties of films were investigated. We obtained the optimum properties of films with a sheet resistance of 8.6±0.2Ω/□ and an optical transmittance of 86.6±0.5% at λ = 550nm.
41.4L: Late‐News Paper: A 360° Panoramic Stereoscopic Projection System Using a Single Projector and a Related 3D Panoramic Camera System
Authors: Montgomery David , Jones Graham
Published: July 2011

We present a novel projection system for panoramic stereoscopic video. It uses a single projector to project a full stereoscopic panoramic video with a 360° horizontal viewing angle to viewers with glasses. The vertical field angle can be >260°. A related camera system for still/video capture is also presented.
54.1: Invited Paper: Trends in LED Illumination and Display Backlighting
Authors: Smitt Willem Sillevis
Published: July 2011

Although the objectives of illumination and display applications are different, the reasons to adopt LEDs and the requirement on LEDs have many similiraties. The wide variety of illumination applications and use conditions has resulted in many different lamp types. It is expected that many different LED types will be required to serve the illumination market needs. In contrast to display, Energy Star requirements for illumination do not only specify energy consumption, but also the quality of light and long term lumen and color stability. LEDs that meet these stability requirements, have the option to be used in both market segments.
8.3: Stereo Glasses with Fast Low Voltage FLC Shutters
Authors: Andreev Alexander L. , Kompanets Igor N. , Ezhov Vasily A. , Sobolev Alexander G.
Published: July 2011

Active stereo glasses are manufactured with FLC based shutters that are capable to modulate the light with frequencies up to 1.0 kHz at ±1.5 V and up to 2.0 kHz at ±3.0 V. Used novel FLC materials and cells of 1.5 μm layer thickness provide 30–100 μs response time under 1.0–2.0 V/μm electric field.
Urinary Biomarkers and Renal Recovery in Critically Ill Patients with Renal Support
Authors: Srisawat Nattachai , Wen Xiaoyan , Lee MinJae , Kong Lan , Elder Michele , Carter Melinda , Unruh Mark , Finkel Kevin , Vijayan Anitha , Ramkumar Mohan , Paganini Emil , Singbartl Kai , Palevsky Paul M. , Kellum John A.
Published: July 2011

Background and objectives

Despite significant advances in the epidemiology of acute kidney injury (AKI), prognostication remains a major clinical challenge. Unfortunately, no reliable method to predict renal recovery exists. The discovery of biomarkers to aid in clinical risk prediction for recovery after AKI would represent a significant advance over current practice.

Design, setting, participants, & measurements

We conducted the Biological Markers of Recovery for the Kidney study as an ancillary to the Acute Renal Failure Trial Network study. Urine samples were collected on days 1, 7, and 14 from 76 patients who developed AKI and received renal replacement therapy (RRT) in the intensive care unit. We explored whether levels of urinary neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (uNGAL), urinary hepatocyte growth factor (uHGF), urinary cystatin C (uCystatin C), IL-18, neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin/matrix metalloproteinase-9, and urine creatinine could predict subsequent renal recovery.

Results

We defined renal recovery as alive and free of dialysis at 60 days from the start of RRT. Patients who recovered had higher uCystatin C on day 1 (7.27 versus 6.60 ng/mg·creatinine) and lower uHGF on days 7 and 14 (2.97 versus 3.48 ng/mg·creatinine; 2.24 versus 3.40 ng/mg·creatinine). For predicting recovery, decreasing uNGAL and uHGF in the first 14 days was associated with greater odds of renal recovery. The most predictive model combined relative changes in biomarkers with clinical variables and resulted in an area under the receiver-operator characteristic curve of 0.94.

Conclusions

We showed that a panel of urine biomarkers can augment clinical risk prediction for recovery after AKI.
The effect of crossing of domestic Simmental breed and French fattening breeds on conformation and fat cover of beef carcasses
Authors: Ostojic-Andric D. , Aleksic S. , Petrovic M.M. , Hristov S. , Pantelic V. , Novakovic Z. , Niksic D.
Published: July 2011

Evaluation of conformation and fat cover of beef carcasses has great
importance in modern systems of carcass quality evaluation. In this way,
adequate price is achieved for every classified carcass side according to
market demand. In this paper, the effect of experimental crossing of Domestic
Simmental breed with Charolais and Limousine breed (N=96) on conformation and
fat cover was investigated. Evaluation was carried out on the whole carcass
and partially for certain parts of carcass according to special evaluation
pattern/form (1-5). In regard to evaluation of carcass conformation,
statistically significant differences (p<0,01) were established between
crosses and Domestic Simmental breed. Crosses with Charolais achieved the
highest score for conformation (3,94), the highest score for round
conformation (3,77) and shoulder (4,06). Considerably more fat tissue on
outside of the carcass was determined in Domestic Simmental breed (3,44)
compared to crosses with Charolais (3,27). Presence of fat in pelvic cavity
was more expressed in Charolais (3,34) and Limousine crosses (3,28), with
better score for covering of kidneys (3,50 and 3,53) compared to Domestic
breed (3,17).
Evaluation of steroid hormones anabolic use in cattle in Croatia
Authors: Pleadin J. , Terzic S. , Persi N. , Vulic A.
Published: July 2011

Natural sex hormones are part of the endocrine system and are found in animal
biological material. On analysis of residual substances with anabolic effect
and detection of their abuse, it is necessary to know the physiological
levels of these hormones to be able to differentiate physiological
concentrations from the illegal use of anabolics. The hormone concentrations
exceeding the physiological ones, found on monitoring for illegal substance
use, would point to the abuse of these substances for anabolic purpose. In
the present study, concentrations of the natural hormones 17?-estradiol,
progesterone and testosterone were determined in bovine plasma according to
animal age and sex. Natural hormone concentrations were determined using
quantitative validated ELISA methods in plasma samples from cattle of
different breed composition collected at several farms in Croatia during the
2006-2009 period. Methods validation showed good mean recovery and
repeatability (approx. 75-87%), demonstrating the methods efficiency in
determination of 17?-estradiol, progesterone and testosterone level in cattle
plasma, respectively. The level of sex hormones was statistically
significantly higher in yearling plasma as compared with calf plasma
(P<0.05). The highest levels of 17?-estradiol (0.03?0.01 ng/mL) and
progesterone (4.87?1.63 ng/mL) were recorded in female yearlings, and of
testosterone (9.44?5.47 ng/mL) in male yearlings. Results showed the steroid
hormone levels to vary with animal age and sex, indicated that illegal use of
anabolic substances could not be suspected in none of the study animals.
Natural sepiolite efficiency in reducing 137Cs transfer and deposition into meat and edible organs of broiler chickens
Authors: Vitorovic D. , Vitorovic G. , Mitrovic B. , Andric V.
Published: July 2011

The objectives of the present study were to examine the level of radiocesium
deposit in meat and edible organs of broiler chickens as well as to
investigate efficiency of natural sepiolite in reducing 137Cs deposition in
meat, liver and gizzard of alimentary contaminated broiler chickens. Broiler
chickens (six weeks of age) were fed with the standard diet and each broiler
was given a single oral dose of 137Cs, total activity of 3750 Bq. The
broilers were divided into two groups (10 broilers per group). The group 1
was control (received only radiocesium). The broilers of the group 2, in
addition to radiocesium received natural sepiolite solution (2 g sepiolite
per bird). After 24 hours, all broilers, from each group, were stunned and
killed. The samples of meat, (breast and legs), liver and gizzard were taken
from each broiler, for gamma spectrometry determination of radiocesium
activity. After 24 hours of contamination, 56 % of introduced 137Cs
radioactivity was deposited in the meat (breast and legs muscles), 1 % in the
liver and 2,4 % in the gizzard of broiler chickens 42 days of age. Natural
sepiolite demonstrated insufficient protective action. Compared to the
control group, percentage reduction (decreasing percentage) of 137Cs
deposition in meat was 16%, in liver 5% and in gizzard 12%.
Shared variability of body shape characters in adult muscovy duck
Authors: Ogah D.M.
Published: July 2011

In this study body weight and six body measurements namely body length,
breast circumference, thigh length, shank length, total leg length and wing
length of 150 twenty weeks old male and female Nigeria indigenous muscovy
duck, reared under semi intensive system, were subjected to factor analysis.
The objectives of the study were to evaluate the main sources of shared
variability among body shape characters, to deduce the factors that describe
these characteristics and to quantify sex differences in morphometric size
and shape in adult muscovy duck. Variation occur in descriptive statistics
between male and female traits in favour of the male in almost all traits
except shank length. Magnitude of correlation also differ between sexes.
Common factor variability in the measured traits in both sexes were accounted
for by two factors and are about similar. Body conformation and shape appears
to be controlled by common and unique factors. Communalities ranged from
0.671 for shank length to 0.987 for body length.
Genetic variation in resistance to caprine foot rot by Dichelobacter nodosus in goats of Kerala, India
Authors: Thomas N. , Joseph S. , Alex R. , Raghavan K.C. , Radhika G. , Anto L. , Mohan S.G.
Published: July 2011

Foot rot is a highly contagious and economically important disease of sheep
and goats, caused predominantly by Dichelobacter nodosus. The current
investigation was intended to analyse the genetic variation for resistance to
caprine foot rot among two purebred native breeds of goats(Malabari and
Attappady Black) and crossbred (Malabari crosses with Sannen, Alpine and
Boer) goats in Kerala state, India. The cases were identified by observing
characteristic symptoms of foot rot in goats, detecting Gram negative large
rods from the hoof lesions and by PCR to detect the 783bp amplicon from the
16sRNA gene of D. nodosus. Two hundred and four animals were subjected to the
study and statistical analysis of the data generated could substantiate that,
there is variation in caprine foot rot resistance among genetic groups
studied (p?0.01) with significantly lower incidence rates in Malabari
(14.29%) and Attappady Black (2.29%) compared to the crossbreds (43.75%).
The effect of spring shearing on milk yield and milk composition in Tsigai ewes
Authors: Aleksiev Y.
Published: July 2011

Milk yield and milk composition responses to shearing were assessed in Tsigai
ewes kept indoors. Sheep was offered 700g/head daily concentrate and chopped
hay administered ad libitum and was milked twice daily - at 08:00 and at
18:00 h. Average for the two weeks post-shearing, daily milk yield dropped by
7.2 % due to the 8.2 and 2.2 %, respectively, reduction in the morning and in
the afternoon milk yields. Fat and protein concentrations in the morning and
in the afternoon milk on day 1, day 7 and day 14 after shearing surpassed
vastly pre-shearing values whilst milk lactose concentration showed a trend
towards postshearing reduction. On the three sampling post-shearing days
daily output of different milk constituents exceeded the corresponding mean
pre-shearing values by 16.2, 11.6 and 9.1 % in milk fat, 1.6, 3.5 and 6.2 %
in milk protein, and 4.1, 7.2 and 2.2 % in total solids. The increase in
daily output of milk constituents occurred despite the decline in daily milk
yield. Lactose daily output, on the contrary, dropped by 6.9, 7.7 and 9.3 %
relative to the mean pre- shearing value. Postshearing adaptive adjustments
including changes in nutrient partitioning appear to underlie the alterations
in milk yield and milk composition. It may be concluded that post-shearing
changes in milk composition makes for the improvement of milk processing
characteristics.
Phenotypic connection of the main body parts of rabbits and layers
Authors: Kuzelov A. , Savinok O. , Atanasova E.
Published: July 2011

Nowadays in some west European countries increase the need of rabbit meat.
The production of rabbit?s meat in these countries is based on some practical
knowledge and methods of selection and breeding. The success in production of
this kind of meat depends from the rabbit?s fat or from the quality of the
body during the transport (confectioning meat). That is the reason why in
these countries the selection of rabbits is making with a big attention. That
is why is important to examine the phenotypic connection of the slaughter?s
characteristics during the confirmation of the optimal selective criterion.
The mass of the thighs and the mass of the muscle layer of the thighs are
very important for the rabbit?s selection. The thigh?s mass has strong
phenotypic correlation and full genetic correlation with the mass of the
clean body. The purpose of this investigation is to find the range of
connection of the thigh?s dissection based on correlative and regressive
analysis in the prediction of the thigh?s meat contribution and also from the
clean body. Based on the obtained results we can conclude that the mass of
the thighs is a reliable indicator as to the yield of the thigh as for the
whole body musculature.
A study of biochemical polymorphism in carp (Cyprinus Carpio): Detect new alleles in transferrin
Authors: Jaayid T.A. , Yakoub M.Y. , Owaid J.M. , Aziz N.M.
Published: July 2011

This study was carried out at the college of agriculture and marine science
centre, Basrah university. The present study was conducted to investigate the
existence of polymorphism at transferrin (Tf) locus in the Carp (Cyprinus
carpio). A polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE) under alkaline condition
method was used to distinguish Carp Tf alleles. Use the gel documentation
program in this study. Analysis of 116 animals revealed that all animals were
polymorphic, showing many genotypes. There was very clear biodiversity in the
Tf gene. Seven Tf genotypes consisting of 4 homozygote types (CC, DD, FF and
GG) and two heterozygote types (CD, DG and FG) were detected. These fractions
are controlled by co-dominant autosomal genes according to the Mendelian laws
of inheritance. The highest gene frequencies were calculated 0.50 for Tf D,
0.26 for Tf F and 0.12 for C and G. thus, carp (Cyprinus carpio) assemblages
consistently tended to be more predominant to D allele. Differences between
expected number and observed number for transferrin genotypes were no
significant. This is useful in genetic improvement process through the
selection. As far as we know, this is the first large-scale analysis on the
genetic polymorphism in carp (Cyprinus carpio). Polyacrylamide
electrophoresis, the technique employed in this study, allows rapid and
efficient screening for the presence of polymorphism in Tf.
The state of oral health in children at the age of 12 in Montenegro
Authors: Djurickovic Mirjana , Ivanovic Mirjana
Published: July 2011

Background/Aim. Oral health is very important for the function and the
quality of human life. The aim of this study was to determine the spread of
caries on the permanent teeth, the state of health of the periodontium and
the state of oral hygiene in the children at the age of 12 in Montenegro.
Methods. The research was carried out within 2006 and included 455 primary
school pupils of both sex, the age of 12 in the northern, midlle and southern
area of Montenegro. The parameters used to estimate oral health condition
were: mean number of decayed, missing, and filled teeth due to caries (DMFT),
Significant Caries Index (SiC), Community Periodontal Index of Treatment
Needs (CPITN), presence of sealants, and to estimate oral hygiene condition:
Debris Index (Green-Vermillion) and Calculus Index (Green). A dental team
clinically examined all the subjects in line with World Health Organization
(WHO) methodology and criteria. All chosen children from the sample were
checked by the standard dental diagnostic equipment (plane dental mirror,
dental, standard CPITN periodontal probe) under the artificial light on the
dry teeth, on the dental chair. Results. The average value of Index DMFT at
12-year-old in Montenegro was 3.43. On average, 88.35% of the examined
children had dental caries. The SiC Index was 6.35. Among the examined
children, 11.9% had at least one tooth with a fissure sealant. The healty
periodontium had 64% of the 12-year-old children. The average value of Debris
Index was 1.086, and the average value of Calculus Index was 0.6508.
Conclusion. Oral health condition in children at the age of 12 in Montenegro
does not satisfy. Thus the importance of the modern preventive measures and
programmes should be emphasized and applied through the system of primary
oral protection and intensively promote oral health.
Immunohistochemical study of pathological alterations of peritoneum in patients with terminal renal insufficiency and on peritoneal dialysis
Authors: Trbojevic-Stankovic Jasna , Obradovic Miljana , Cemerikic-Martinovic Vesna , Trpinac Dusan , Lausevic Zeljko , Stojimirovic Biljana
Published: July 2011

Background/Aim. During peritoneal dialysis (PD) an exchange of substances
between blood and dialysate takes place through specific histological
structures of peritoneum. Peritoneal double-layered serous membrane has, so
far, mostly been studied with electron microscopy on experimental animals.
The aim of this study was to assess integrity of peritoneal tissue in
end-stage renal disease (ESRD) and PD patients using standard light
microscopy and immunohistochemical methods. Methods. Peritoneal tissue
biopsies were performed on 25 persons: 8 healthy donors during nephrectomy, 9
ESRD patients upon insertion of PD catheter, and 8 PD patients upon removal
of the catheter for medical indications. The samples were fixed and prepared
routinely for immunocytochemical staining by standardized streptavidin biotin
AEC method using a LSAB2? HRP kit (Dako?, Denmark) for collagen IV and
analyzed by light microscopy. Results. We observed mesothelial detachment
from lamina propria, duplicated basement membrane and much thicker blood
vessel walls in ESRD and PD patients, compared to healthy subjects.
Differences in histological structure, emphasized with immunostaining,
indicated pathological alterations of peritoneal tissue in the renal
patients. Conclusions. Imunohistochemistry can be used in studying
histological alterations of peritoneal tissue in ESRD and PD patients. This
method may indicate possible problems in filtration and secretion processes
in this tissue.
Skin vascularisation field by the ascending branch of the peroneal artery ramus perforans
Authors: Gacevic Milomir , Milisavljevic Milan , Novakovic Marijan , Vojvodic Danilo , Milosavljevic Ivica , Jovic Milena , Djordjevic Boban , Borovic Zarko , Ostojic Nikola , Lalkovic Mikica , Milicevic Sasa
Published: July 2011

Background/Aim. Soft tissue defects in the distal third of the lower leg are
persistent and constitute a major problem in the reconstructive surgery. This
study presents an analysis of the anatomical vascularization filed of
ascending branch of the peroneal artery ramus perforans (PARS). The aim of
this study was to assess reliability of the distal flap on the antero-lateral
aspect of a lower leg distal third. Methods. Direct gentiana violet injection
into the interosseal perforator of ten fresh cadaveric lower legs with
subsequent corrosion acrylic preparation was performed to reveal
vascularization filed of the ascending branch of the PARP. Height, length,
diameter and communication of perforating branch and its subsequent smaller
ascending and descending branches were determined. The CAMIA software was
used. Results. Our results show that the PARP is always present. Its origin
from the peroneal artery is at the medial height of 66 mm when measured from
the inferior border of the lateral malleolus. Medium length of ramus
perforans is 51.7mm. After transition through the interosseous membrane,
ramus perforans divides into ascending and descending branches. The diameter
proximal to the level of bifurcation is 1.37 mm (variation 1.0-1.8 mm), and
the diameter of the ascending branch distal to the level of bifurcation is 1
mm. Using CAMIA software, the medium length, width and area of the
vascularization filed labeled with gentian violet were calculated to be 164
mm (variation 125-210 mm), 66 mm (57-77 mm), and 10,305 mm2 (6,385 mm2-14,341
mm2), respectively. Conclusion. Our results support the use of
fasciocutaneous distal flap, vascularized by the ascending branch of the PARP
for reconstruction of soft tissue defects in the distal third of the lower
limb, malleolar regions and dorsum.
Vasospastic angina pectoris complicated by acute myocardial infarction and complete atrioventricular block
Authors: Pavlovic Milan , Koracevic Goran , Ciric-Zdravkovic Snezana , Krstic Nebojsa , Stojkovic Aleksandar , Damjanovic Miodrag , Djordjevic Danijela
Published: July 2011

Background. A prolonged coronary artery spasm with interruption of coronary
blood flow can lead to myocardial necrosis and increase of cardiospecific
enzymes and can be complicated with cardiac rhythm disturbances, syncopc, or
even sudden cardiac death. Case report. A 55-year old male felt a severe
retrosternal pain when exposing himself to cold weather. The pain lasted for
20 minutes and was followed by the loss of conscience. Electrocardiogram
(ECG) showed a complete antrioventricular (AV) block with nodal rhythm and
marked elevation of ST segment in inferior leads. Electrocardiogram was soon
normalized, but serum activities of cardiospecific enzymes were increased.
Coronarography showed normal findings for the left coronary artery and a
narrowing at the middle part of the right coronary artery, which disappeared
after intracoronary application of nitroglycerine. The following therapy was
prescribed: Diltiazem, Amlodipin, Isosorbid mononitrate, Molisdomin,
Atrovastatin, Aspirin and Nitroglycerine spray. After 7 months medicaments
were abandoned and the patient experienced again reccurent chest pain
episodes at rest. Transitory ST segment elevation was recorded in inferior
leads of ECG, but without increase of cardiospecific enzymes serum
activities. After restoration of the medicament therapy anginal episodes
ceased. Conclusion. Coronary dilators in maximal doses can prevent attacks of
vasospastic angina.
Evaluation of the University of Florida lomustine, vincristine, procarbazine, and prednisone chemotherapy protocol for the treatment of relapsed lymphoma in dogs: 33 cases (2003–2009)
Authors: Fahey Christine E. , Milner Rowan J. , Barabas Karri , Lurie David , Kow Kelvin , Parfitt Shannon , Lyles Sarah , Clemente Monica
Published: July 2011

Objective—To evaluate the toxicity and efficacy of a modification of a previously evaluated combination of lomustine, vincristine, procarbazine, and prednisone (LOPP) as a rescue protocol for refractory lymphoma in dogs.

Design—Retrospective case series.

Animals—33 dogs with a cytologic or histologic diagnosis of lymphoma that developed resistance to their induction chemotherapy protocol.

Procedures—Lomustine was administered on day 0 of the protocol. Vincristine was administered on day 0 and again 1 time on day 14. Procarbazine and prednisone were administered on days 0 through 13 of the protocol. This cycle was repeated every 28 days.

Results—Median time from initiation to discontinuation of the University of Florida LOPP protocol was 84 days (range, 10 to 308 days). Overall median survival time was 290 days (range, 51 to 762 days). Overall response rate with this protocol was 61% (20/33), with 36% (12) having a complete response and 24% (8) having a partial response. Toxicosis rates were lower than for the previously published LOPP protocol.

Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—The University of Florida LOPP protocol may be an acceptable alternative to the mechlorethamine, vincristine, procarbazine, and prednisone protocol as a rescue protocol for dogs with lymphoma.
Adrenalectomy in dogs with adrenal gland tumors: 52 cases (2002–2008)
Authors: Massari Federico , Nicoli Stefano , Romanelli Giorgio , Buracco Paolo , Zini Eric
Published: July 2011

Objective—To evaluate predictors of survival time in dogs undergoing adrenalectomy and identify risk factors associated with adrenal gland tumor metastasis and vein thrombosis.

Design—Retrospective case series.

Animals—52 dogs with primary adrenal gland tumors.

Procedures—Medical records were reviewed. Signalment, tumor features, and information from surgical procedures were evaluated to identify factors predictive of overall survival time, which was defined as the time from surgery until death. The association between metastasis or vein thrombosis and tumor type, size, and site (right or left adrenal gland) was investigated.

Results—On the basis of results of univariate analysis, survival time was significantly shorter for dogs with adenocarcinoma, tumor major axis length ≥ 5 cm, metastasis, and vein thrombosis and when adrenalectomy was combined with an additional abdominal surgical intervention. On multivariate analysis, survival time was significantly shorter for dogs with an adrenal gland tumor with major axis length ≥ 5 cm and for dogs with metastasis or vein thrombosis. Significant associations were found between metastasis and adenocarcinoma and between vein thrombosis and tumors with major axis length ≥ 5 cm.

Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Dogs with an adrenal gland tumor with major axis length ≥ 5 cm, documented metastasis, or vein thrombosis had a poorer prognosis. Metastasis was more frequent in dogs with adenocarcinoma and vein thrombosis when tumors were ≥ 5 cm in length.
Incomplete ovariosalpingectomy and subsequent malignant granulosa cell tumor in a female green iguana (Iguana iguana)
Authors: Cardona Janice A. Cruz , Conley Kenneth J. , Wellehan James F. X. , Farina Lisa L. , Origgi Francesco C. , Wamsley Heather L.
Published: July 2011

Case Description—A 9-year-old spayed female green iguana (Iguana iguana) was evaluated because of a distended coelom and weight loss. History included a single episode of egg binding and subsequent bilateral ovariosalpingectomy.

Clinical Findings—Physical examination revealed a mass within the coelomic cavity. Ultrasonography revealed a large, irregular mass with hypoechoic regions and coelomic effusion. Clinicopathologic derangements included heterophilia, monocytosis, lymphopenia, basophilia, hypocholesterolemia, hypoproteinemia, and hypercalcemia. Results of cytologic evaluation of the mass were suggestive of malignant epithelial neoplasia, but neoplastic cells were not found in the effusion. An ovarian tumor was suspected on the basis of clinical signs, clinicopathologic findings, and results of cytologic evaluation of the mass.

Treatment and Outcome—Surgical exploration revealed a large left ovary, a normal-appearing contralateral ovary, and a mass in the fat body, all of which were removed and submitted for histologic examination. The histologic diagnosis was granulosa cell tumor with metastasis to the fat body. The patient died 11 months after evaluation, and disseminated granulosa cell tumor was confirmed at necropsy; histologic examination at that time also identified systemic mastocytosis.

Clinical Relevance—Granulosa cell tumors are uncommon in reptiles, and this was the first granulosa cell tumor described antemortem cytologically, histologically, and ultrastructurally in an iguana. Findings in this iguana underscored concerns associated with incomplete oophorectomy of iguanas; cytologic and histopathologic findings were similar to those observed in other domestic animals. Oophorectomy should be considered as an alternative to standard ovariosalpingectomy to avoid potential complications in pet reptiles, and use of microsurgical instruments and vascular clips is advised.
Hori-Vafa mirror models for complete intersections in weighted projective spaces and weak Landau-Ginzburg models
Authors: Przyjalkowski Victor
Published: July 2011

We prove that Hori-Vafa mirror models for smooth Fano complete intersections in weighted projective spaces admit an interpretation as Laurent polynomials.
Parallel Path Magnet Motor: Development of the Theoretical Model and Analysis of Experimental Results
Authors: Dirba I. , Kleperis J.
Published: July 2011

Parallel Path Magnet Motor: Development of the Theoretical Model and Analysis of Experimental Results

Analytical and numerical modelling is performed for the linear actuator of a parallel path magnet motor. In the model based on finite-element analysis, the 3D problem is reduced to a 2D problem, which is sufficiently precise in a design aspect and allows modelling the principle of a parallel path motor. The paper also describes a relevant numerical model and gives comparison with experimental results. The numerical model includes all geometrical and physical characteristics of the motor components. The magnetic flux density and magnetic force are simulated using FEMM 4.2 software. An experimental model has also been developed and verified for the core of switchable magnetic flux linear actuator and motor. The results of experiments are compared with those of theoretical/analytical and numerical modelling.
DWDM Transmission Based on the Thin-Film Filter Technology
Authors: Ozoliņš O. , Bobrovs V. , Ivanovs G.
Published: July 2011

DWDM Transmission Based on the Thin-Film Filter Technology

A dense wavelength division multiplexing (DWDM) transmission scheme with two thin-film filters (FWHM bandwidth 100 GHz and 200 GHz) has been realized to evaluate the minimum channel interval needed for a satisfactory bit error ratio. For this purpose, detailed research was conducted into the impact of the filters on the optical signal's de-multiplexing in a DWDM system, in which the measurements of eye diagrams and the optical power spectral densities of a received signal were made. From the results of measurements the minimum channel interval has been found for the optical filters that ensures reliable data transmission and higher spectral efficiency of the whole system. It was found that for a DWDM system with a 100 GHz filter a sufficient channel interval is 75 GHz at 10 Gbit/s data transmission speed, which means that its spectral efficiency is increased from 0.1 bit/s/Hz to 0.1333 bit/s/Hz.
Recent data on occurrence the sporophytes in populations of dioecious moss, Nyholmiella obtusifolia in North-Eastern Poland
Authors: Sawicki Jakub , Plášek Vítězslav , Szczecińska Monika
Published: July 2011

Recent data on occurrence the sporophytes in populations of dioecious moss, Nyholmiella obtusifolia in North-Eastern Poland

Moss Nyholmiella obtusifolia is relatively common in Poland, but mostly sterile specimens are found in herbarium collections. Sporogenes were created very rare. During bryological explorations conducted in NE Poland in 2009 - 2011, sporophytes were found in four populations of N. obtusifolia, which account for approximately 7% of the surveyed populations.
The fauna of Opetiidae and Platypezidae (Diptera) in the Gemer region (Central Slovakia)
Authors: Roháček Jindřich , Ševčík Jan
Published: July 2011

The fauna of Opetiidae and Platypezidae (Diptera) in the Gemer region (Central Slovakia)

A review of the fauna of flat-footed flies (Diptera: Opetiidae and Platypezidae) in the Gemer region (Slovakia) is presented. Based on previously published records and material examined 1 species of Opetiidae and 17 species of Platypezidae are treated, each with comments on its general distribution, biology and faunistics, and/or nature conservation importance. Nine species of Platypezidae are considered particularly significant for the area because of comprising taxa that are endangered, stenotopic or generally rare. Of the five species newly recorded from the Gemer area, one, viz. Agathomyia collini Verrall, 1901, is a new addition to the Slovak fauna and three, viz. Agathomyia falleni (Zetterstedt, 1819), Protoclythia rufa (Meigen, 1830) and Polyporivora picta (Meigen, 1830) represent second records from Slovakia, the last species being re-discovered in Slovakia after more than 140 years.