bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Notre-Dame-de-Lourdes (Manitoba, Canada), le positionnement stratégique francophone d’un centre de services en milieu rural
Authors: Chignier-Riboulon Franck
Published: August 2017

La population francophone, à vrai dire bilingue, ne représente qu’une faible minorité du Manitoba. Elle lutte pour sa survie linguistique depuis plus d’un siècle. Dans ce contexte, chaque communauté, chaque village connaît des évolutions différenciées, pour résister, et développer l’économie locale. Notre-Dame-de-Lourdes est un village comptant environ 600 habitants, situé dans le sud-ouest du Manitoba. Malgré sa taille, il fournit un grand nombre de services à un territoire large mais sous-peuplé. Sa chance est d’être éloigné de Winnipeg, la capitale provinciale. Son dynamisme peut s’expliquer par la capacité d’initiative et de demande sociale, traditionnelle, de ses habitants, mais aussi par la force de leur histoire et de leurs représentations collectives. Ces dernières sont basées, aujourd’hui encore, sur leur culture francophone, leur fournissant une conscience particulière et les mobilisant pour continuer à exister dans l’avenir. Pour autant, malgré les succès institutionnels des vingt dernières années, l’ensemble reste fragile.
L’art de la fugue : les droits des femmes à l’Assemblée générale de l’ONU
Authors: Tordjman Simon
Published: August 2017

Depuis 1946, date du vote unanime de la première résolution sur « les droits politiques de la femme », la question des droits des femmes s’est maintenue quasiment sans interruption à l’ordre du jour de l’Assemblée générale des Nations unies. Jusqu’en 2016, elle a donné lieu à l’adoption régulière et largement consensuelle de près de 350 résolutions. Cette banalisation permet-elle pour autant d’établir la dépolitisation de cet organe principal de l’Organisation ? Assiste-t-on à la limitation de son « pouvoir de débattre » au profit d’une fonction essentiellement procédurale, limitée à la reconnaissance et à la validation de principes préalablement débattus dans d’autres espaces ? L’apparente neutralisation de l’Assemblée générale n’est pas pour autant synonyme d’évacuation de toute dimension politique. À rebours de l’idée selon laquelle la politisation de l’Assemblée générale se réduit essentiellement aux clivages qui s’y donnent publiquement à voir, cette analyse entend montrer que ladite politisation s’y déploie également « par décentrement », selon des registres spécifiques, dans le cadre et en relation avec d’autres espaces institutionnels (conférences mondiales, ECOSOC, Conseil de sécurité).
Une représentation dépolitisée ? L’Organisation internationale du travail de 1919 à nos jours
Authors: Louis Marieke
Published: August 2017

Le but de cette analyse est de dévoiler, dans une perspective socio-historique, les logiques séculières de dépolitisation à l’œuvre au sein de l’Organisation internationale du travail autour d’une question en apparence très politique : la représentation tripartite des gouvernements, des travailleurs et des employeurs. Nous distinguons une dépolitisation positive de la représentation, découlant d’une adhésion historique de l’institution au paradigme fonctionnaliste, et une dépolitisation négative, qui vise à discréditer le débat sur la représentation. Souvent complémentaires, ces deux logiques enserrent, voire étouffent, les séquences de politisation de la représentation, qui se manifestent sur un mode principalement contestataire, notamment au sujet de la composition du Conseil d’administration de l’OIT. Dans les deux cas, tout est entrepris pour faire de la représentation une question d’ordre technique et administratif et non l’objet d’un débat politique, jugé néfaste au bon fonctionnement de l’organisation.
Une dynastie d’industriels du coton : les Waddington (1792-1957)
Authors: Dufresne Geneviève
Published: August 2017

Protestants d’origine anglaise, les Waddington ont été, au XIX e siècle et jusqu’aux années cinquante, à la tête d’une grande entreprise cotonnière, fondée en 1792, par leur ancêtre Henry Sykes. Naturalisés français au début du XIX e siècle, les Waddington ont, durant plusieurs générations, fait fructifier leur entreprise constituée de quatre usines édifiées le long de la vallée de l’Avre. Profondément attachés au protestantisme, ils se sont lancés très tôt dans le développement d’institutions sociales novatrices, qui s’inscrivent néanmoins dans l’idéologie paternaliste de l’époque. Richard Waddington et son frère aîné William Henry, députés puis sénateurs, ont joué un rôle important au sein de la gauche républicaine sous la IIIe République. William Henry, plusieurs fois ministre, est devenu Président du Conseil en 1879. Au lendemain de la Première Guerre mondiale, malgré de nouveaux investissements, l’entreprise vit sur sa lancée. La crise des années trente lui sera fatale. Dès 1934 commence le lent démantèlement des Etablissements Waddington qui disparaissent définitivement à la fin des années cinquante.
Deux dynasties marchandes bordelaises de la Révolution au Second Empire : les Faure et les Cayrou
Authors: Butel Paul
Published: August 2017

Sous la Révolution et l’Empire, le commerce atlantique français a beaucoup souffert des blocus maritimes, lors des guerres. Certaines maisons de commerce ont été ruinées, mais d’autres ont survécu et même prospéré. Deux cas bordelais de dynasties marchandes, les Faure (protestants), les Cayrou (catholiques), offrent un bon aperçu de cette évolution. Le dynamisme des Faure, confirmé au XIX e siècle, en fit sous la Monarchie de Juillet, au milieu de ce siècle, une des plus grandes firmes de la place, dans l’armement et la commission. Les Cayrou s’appuyèrent sur les réseaux de l’Océan Indien, depuis l’île de France, et édifièrent aussi une grande fortune. Ces exemples démontrent les possibilités d’adaptation du négoce à la conjoncture des French Wars et aux nouvelles conditions du XIX e siècle.
Le risque industriel et sa difficile prévention au XIX e siècle : les premières usines à gaz
Authors: Williot Jean-Pierre
Published: August 2017

L’industrie du gaz manufacturé permet d’évaluer les risques liés à l’adoption d’une nouvelle technologie durant la première moitié du XIX e siècle. L’usine à gaz a très tôt symbolisé l’établissement insalubre en raison des pollutions qu’elle engendrait. De plus, les exploitants furent sans cesse confrontés aux dangers de procédés de fabrication souvent empiriques. L’insertion de ce type d’usine dans l’espace urbain fut donc difficile, d’autant plus que les accidents furent récurrents. Une réglementation stricte encadra cette industrie dès l’origine. Mais c’est de la compétition technique, et des innovations qui en résultèrent, que sont venues des solutions permettant à la fois d’améliorer la sécurité de l’exploitation et de réduire les facteurs d’insalubrité.
Sécurité et transformations du système productif : application à l’industrie française du charbon (1817-1988)
Authors: Conus Marie-France , Escudier Jean-Louis
Published: August 2017

Cet article s’inscrit dans la vérification de l’hypothèse du développement des hommes en liaison avec le mouvement long de l’économie. Les données relatives au nombre de tués dans l’industrie houillère publiées par la Statistique de l’Industrie Minérale ont été choisies comme mesure des transformations de la sécurité minière. Dans les périodes d’extraction intensive, l’accumulation du capital combinée à l’insuffisance du processus innovatif et à une surexploitation des hommes favoriserait la recrudescence des accidents. En revanche, les périodes de dépression seraient favorables à une amélioration de la sécurité. Après l’extraction intensive du premier tiers du XIX e siècle, caractérisée par un très fort taux de dangerosité, dès 1840 le niveau de qualification s’élève et la nature est mieux maîtrisée. L’extension de la production durant le Second Empire remet partiellement en cause ces avancées. Entre 1871 et 1894, le nombre d’accidents mortels diminue et la protection s’organise. Avec le retour à la prospérité économique, la nouvelle structure des forces productives est propice à des accidents dévastateurs telle l’explosion de Courrières en 1906. Dans la dépression de l’entre-deux-guerres, l’introduction de la mécanisation et de l’électrification améliore la sécurité. L’intensification de la production après 1945 ne s’accompagne plus d’une recrudescence des accidents mortels : désormais savoir, sécurité et développement des hommes sont au cœur de l’efficacité des houillères.
L’accident est-il accidentel ? Le 22 mai 1989 à l’usine de la dynamite
Authors: Abord de Chatillon Emmanuel
Published: August 2017

La fonction sécurité a considérablement évolué ces vingt dernières années. L’accident de l’usine d’explosifs de Saint-Martin de Crau permet d’illustrer ce phénomène. Il est étudié ici du triple point de vue des règles de fonctionnement de l’organisation, des représentations qu’elle véhicule et des comportements que cela induit. Cette observation conduit à inscrire l’accident au sein d’une évolution générale de la fonction, devant se transformer et passer d’une vocation stricte de prévention et de mobilisation à un rôle d’animation et de responsabilisation. La fonction retrouve ainsi son importance, devenant caractéristique de la volonté des dirigeants de renouveler les pratiques de gestion. L’explosion apparaît ainsi comme significative de l’inadaptation de l’entreprise au contexte de production et manifeste alors la nécessité du changement organisationnel.
Le professionnel face au traumatisme de l’enfant
Authors: Léandri Marie-Laure
Published: August 2017

L’actualité mobilise les pensées des professionnels de l’enfance autour de la question du traumatisme, de son traitement, de sa prise en charge. Après avoir dessiné à grands traits la construction métapsychologique du concept de traumatisme, nous questionnons le gain de la théorie psychanalytique du traumatisme en soulignant son centrement sur la subjectivité, et son arrimement à l’histoire individuelle de chaque sujet.
Réactions contre-transférentielles en terrain de guerre
Authors: El Husseini Mayssa’
Published: August 2017

Cet article traite de la spécificité des réactions contre-transférentielles dans un contexte de guerre. La vignette clinique est extraite d’une recherche qui explore les mécanismes de transmission du trauma dans le contre-transfert chez les thérapeutes travaillant auprès des patients traumatisés. Des entretiens semi-structurés ont été analysés selon l’analyse phénoménologique interpretative des données afin de rester au plus près de l’expérience subjective des participants autour du phénomène étudié. Les résultats de notre étude mettent en lumière des réactions contre-transférentielles invasives : le corps du thérapeute comme lieu d’inscription transitoire des transmissions traumatiques indicibles ; le vécu émotionnel vif traversé par des moments de questionnements identitaires, de sentiment de honte et de culpabilité, d’agressivité retournée en une crainte de traumatiser le patient ; un sentiment de désinscription de la communauté des pairs dans le contexte humanitaire.
L’enfant et la guerre : quels dispositifs de soins ?
Authors: Gannagé Myrna
Published: August 2017

Cet article relate les résultats d’une recherche menée au Liban ainsi que l’activité clinique du « Centre médico-psychologique d’accueil de l’enfant de la guerre et de sa famille ». Les caractéristiques de la prise en charge des enfants de la guerre sont évoquées à travers deux situations cliniques. L’auteur insiste sur le travail de l’histoire qui facilite la symbolisation de la violence et la construction de la résilience. Dans de nombreuses situations, les dispositifs à médiation favorisent l’élaboration du trauma et permettent l’accès à la mentalisation. L’environnement social des enfants joue un rôle très important dans la réussite de leur prise en charge.
La mère gelée. Quand les manifestations de souffrance du bébé ouvrent l’accès au traitement psychothérapique de la mère traumatisée
Authors: Blondel Marie-Pierre
Published: August 2017

L’auteure développe ici un traitement psychothérapique mère-bébé qui rencontre la question du traumatisme du point de vue de l’enfant et du point de vue de la mère. Elle y repère les traces et conséquences sur l’organisation psychique d’un sujet des évènements traumatiques précoces ainsi que les effets de l’organisation psychique post-traumatique de la mère sur son bébé. Elle adapte sa technique pour permettre finalement le dégagement de l’enfant et l’accès au traitement psychothérapique de la mère traumatisée.
Sujet-limite et limites du sujet
Authors: Fournier Sébastien
Published: August 2017

Cet article propose une réflexion sur la question du traumatisme et ses conséquences. L’auteur, éducateur spécialisé dans un Institut thérapeutique, éducatif et pédagogique (itep), y développe une approche qui repose à la fois sur sa pratique professionnelle (clinique) et sur certaines recherches théoriques. Prenant pour exemple l’un des adolescents qu’il accompagne depuis plusieurs années, il tente de mettre en évidence les liens entre les troubles (du comportement) manifestés par ce garçon et les épreuves issues de son histoire.
Les smileys : un levier thérapeutique puissant d’aide à la mentalisation dans une consultation de pédopsychiatrie
Authors: Wallon Estelle , Genet Christine
Published: August 2017

Pratiquant une approche attachementiste, nous utilisons une dynamique psychoéducative pour expliquer aux parents les comportements d’attachement de leur enfant et les émotions qu’ils reflètent. Grâce à une large gamme d’émoticônes et de smileys-états physiologiques, nous décortiquons la séquence émotionnelle. Les parents peuvent mieux comprendre ce que vit leur enfant ; et celui-ci participe au travail de mentalisation en cours. Nous guidons alors les parents pour qu’ils répondent aux besoins d’attachement de l’enfant de façon adaptée et qu’ils l’aident dans la gestion de ses émotions. L’enfant se sent mieux compris et ses émotions négatives sont apaisées avec l’aide de ses parents, ces derniers augmentent leur sensibilité à ses signaux, leur relation en est améliorée. L’utilisation des smileys potentialise les techniques habituellement utilisées. Quelques vignettes cliniques illustrent notre démarche.
« Ceux des plages » et « Ceux des collines » : les « paysans » des villages littoraux dans le Japon prémoderne
Authors: Gotô Masatoshi
Published: August 2017

Les habitants de villages de l’époque d’Edo, même s’ils étaient indistinctement désignés par le terme hyakushō , n’étaient pas tous des agriculteurs. Dans les zones côtières, on trouvait ainsi parmi ces « paysans » des pêcheurs, qui pouvaient constituer leurs propres villages, où coexister avec des agriculteurs au sein des mêmes communautés. À partir de l’exemple de la péninsule de Bōsō, l’article illustre les tensions autour du contrôle des ressources entre populations liées à l’agriculture (« ceux des collines ») et groupes tirant leur subsistance de la mer (« ceux des plages »). Au sein du monde rural, les populations de pêcheurs apparaissent à la fois marginalisées par les représentations dominantes de la paysannerie, mais aussi soucieuses d’affirmer une identité originale, distincte de celle des agriculteurs, afin de garder le monopole de certaines activités, et surtout de l’espace maritime.
Réflexions sur le statut de bourgeois à Edo et Ōsaka au XVII e siècle
Authors: Yoshida Nobuyuki , Tsukada Takashi
Published: August 2017

Le statut de « bourgeois » ( chōnin ) dans le Japon de l’époque prémoderne est le produit de la construction, au tournant des xvi e et xvii e siècles, d’une multitude de villes nouvelles où se concentra la population des marchands et des artisans. Selon les principes d’organisation sociale et politique de cette époque, le statut de bourgeois garantissait aux citadins un droit de propriété foncière en échange de l’accomplissement d’un « service » ( yaku ) envers l’autorité publique seigneuriale, imposé au bourgeois dans le cadre de communautés autonomes de rue ou de quartier. À partir de l’exemple des deux grandes métropoles shogounales d’Edo et d’Ōsaka au xvii e siècle, l’article se penche sur l’évolution de quelques rues, en montrant les changements rapides qui affectèrent le statut de bourgeois, du fait des modifications de la structure de la propriété dues aux transactions foncières, mais aussi de la montée de la population locative.
Le marché des paris sportifs dans le football : le cas de la Belgique de 1922 à 1980
Authors: Breuil Xavier
Published: August 2017

Au cours du dernier Euro de football, disputé en France en 2016, le montant des sommes misées en ligne par les parieurs a battu un nouveau record dans l’Hexagone : 156 millions d’euros pour les seuls matches du premier tour, soit davantage que pour tous les matches de la dernière coupe du monde au Brésil en 2014. L’importance prise par les paris sportifs dans de nombreux pays du monde invite à interroger les origines de cette pratique dans les différents pays de football. Appuyé sur des sources variées, cet article se propose d’étudier la construction et le fonctionnement du marché des pronostics en Belgique, de 1922 à 1980. Il souligne l’originalité du modèle développé dans ce pays, tant du point de vue de la nature des sociétés de paris, que du rôle joué par la fédération nationale de football.
A Walk in My Shoes: Using Art to Explore the Lived Experience of Psychiatric–Mental Health Standardized Patients
Authors: Webster Debra , Jarosinski Judith M.
Published: August 2017

Use of standardized patients (SPs) to teach mental health nursing skills is increasing. Although the literature regarding the effectiveness of this teaching strategy supports its use, information regarding the effect of portraying mental illness on SPs is lacking. Using a qualitative approach incorporating art as expression, this effect was examined. Five SPs created an artistic expression to describe their work portraying an individual with mental illness while working with senior nursing students enrolled in a psychiatric–mental health clinical nursing course. Themes identified include: (a)
Walking the Walk
, (b)
Listen to Me
, (c)
See Me as a Person
, and (d)
Letting it Get to Me
. Immersion into the role of the SP with mental illness affects actors. The current article offers best practice approaches to address psychological implications for SPs portraying mental illness. [
Journal of Psychosocial Nursing and Mental Health Services, 55
(8), 39–47.]
Adaptation with Four Dimensional Personalization Criteria Based on Felder Silverman Model
Authors: Samia Drissi , Amirat Abdelkrim
Published: August 2017

In the past decades, various systems have been proposed to provide students with a better learning environment by taking personal factors into account. Learning styles have been one of the widely adopted factors in the previous studies as a reference for adapting learning content or organizing the content. However, very few researchers give an idea of matching e-media with appropriate teaching and learning styles and very few studies give an idea of which appropriate combinations of electronic media and learning styles are more effective than other. In this paper, the authors aim to prototype an AFDPC-FS system (Adaptation with Four Dimensional Personalization Criteria based on Felder Silverman model). Their system presents a general framework for combining and adapting teaching strategies, learning styles and electronic media according to Felder-Silverman's learning style model. An experiment was designed to explore the effect of adaptation to different learning styles when learning materials were matched with learning styles. In particular it was set up to see whether there are significant differences in learning achievement and cognitive load between two groups, an experimental group who studied with learning style-fit version and a control group who studied with non-fit version of the system without adaptation to learning styles. The experimental results showed that the proposed system could improve the learning achievements of the students. Moreover, it was found that the students' cognitive load was significantly decreased.
Persistence in Distance Education: A Study Case Using Bayesian Network to Understand Retention
Authors: Eliasquevici Marianne Kogut , Seruffo Marcos César da Rocha , Resque Sônia Nazaré Fernandes
Published: August 2017

This article presents a study on the variables promoting student retention in distance undergraduate courses at Federal University of Pará, aiming to help school managers minimize student attrition and maximize retention until graduation. The theoretical background is based on Rovai's Composite Model and the methodological approach is conditional probability analysis using the Bayesian Networks graphical model. Network modeling has shown that among internal factors after admission to the course (as defined in the Composite Model) face-to-face tutorial sessions need to be better planned and executed, learning materials are still not adequate to online course specificities and the support structure needs to be remodeled.
Impact of Online Discussions on Web Based Assessments
Authors: Powell Loreen M. , Wimmer Hayden , Kilgus Lawrence , Force Christina M.
Published: August 2017

The practice of including online discussion posts to traditional courses is increasing. Online discussions allow for active learning to occur as students express their ideas and respond to others. The time and thought provided by online discussion posts allows students to utilize higher level cognitive skills. Web-based assessments are another technology tool that instructors are including in their courses. This study examined the impact of online discussion posts on achievement of web-based assessments for an upper level undergraduate business and technology writing intensive course. Using a treatment group and a control group, student achievement scores for the online assessments were measured. Results indicate that assessed grades of the treatment groups were higher than the control group, however statistical significance was mixed among the web assessments. The results further illustrate the need for additional research into online discussions applied to web-based assessments.
Nutritional value of dual-purpose wheat genotypes pastures under grazing by dairy cows
Authors: Quatrin Mauricio Pase , Olivo Clair Jorge , Bratz Vinicius Felipe , Alessio Vinicius , Santos Fabiene Tomazetti dos , Aguirre Priscila Flores
Published: August 2017

In the south of Brazil, one of the major limitations to milk production is the low forage availability during autumn and early winter. The use of dual-purpose wheat genotypes is one alternative to minimize the impact of low forage availability in addition to produce grains. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the nutritional value of two dual-purpose wheat genotypes (BRS Tarumã and BRS Umbu). Structural composition and forage nitrogen uptake were evaluated. The nutritional value of the forage was analyzed for mineral matter (MM), organic matter (OM), neutral detergent fiber (NDF), crude protein (CP), total digestible nutrients (TDN), in situ organic matter digestibility (ISOMD) and in situ dry matter digestibility (ISDMD). Differences in NDF (49.03 vs. 46.44%), CP (24.4 vs. 27.4%), ISOMD (83.53 vs. 85.45%), ISDMD (83.59 vs. 86.65%) and TDN (75.37 vs. 78.39) for BRS Umbu and BRS Tarumã genotypes were detected, respectively. The BRS Umbu genotype had a lower leaf blade proportion and forage nitrogen uptake. The dual-purpose wheat genotype BRS Tarumã was superior in nutritive value.
A New Imaging Tool for Realtime Measurement of Flow Velocity in Intracranial Aneurysms
Authors: Petridis Athanasios K. , Kaschner Marius , Cornelius Jan F. , Kamp Marcel A. , Tortora Angelo , Steiger Hans-Jakob , Turowski Bernd
Published: August 2017

With modern imaging modalities of the brain a significant number of unruptured aneurysms are detected. However, not every aneurysm is prone to rupture. Because treatment morbidity is about 10% it is crucial to identify unstable aneurysms for which treatment should be discussed. Recently, new imaging tools allow analysis of flow dynamics and wall stability have become available. It seems that they might provide additional data for better risk profiling. In this study we present a new imaging tool for analysis of flow dynamics, which calculates fluid velocity in an aneurysm (Phillips Electronics, N.V.). It may identify regions with high flow and calculate flow reduction after stenting of aneurysms. Contrast is injected with a stable injection speed of 2 mL/sec for 3 sec. Two clinical cases are illustrated. Velocity in aneurysms and areas of instability can be identified and calculated during angiography in real-time. After stenting and flow diverter deployment flow reduction in the internal carotid aneurysm was reduced by 60% and there was a reduction of about 65% in the posterior cerebral artery in the second case we are reporting. The dynamic flow software calculates the flow profile in the aneurysm immediately after contrast injection. It is a real-time, patient specific tool taking into account systole, diastole and flexibility of the vasculature. These factors are an improvement as compared to current models of computational flow dynamics. We think it is a highly efficient, user friendly tool. Further clinical studies are on their way.
The Ability of an Aftermarket Helmet Add-On Device to Reduce Impact-Force Accelerations During Drop Tests
Authors: Breedlove Katherine M. , Breedlove Evan , Nauman Eric , Bowman Thomas G. , Lininger Monica R.
Published: August 2017

Context: 

The Guardian Cap provides a soft covering intended to mitigate energy transfer to the head during football contact. Yet how well it attenuates impacts remains unknown.

Objective: 

To evaluate the changes in the Gadd Severity Index (GSI) and linear acceleration during drop tests on helmeted headforms with or without Guardian Caps.

Design: 

Crossover study.

Setting: 

Laboratory.

Patients or Other Participants: 

Nine new football helmets sent directly from the manufacturer.

Intervention(s): 

We dropped the helmets at 3 velocities on 6 helmet locations (front, side, right front boss, top, rear right boss, and rear) as prescribed by the National Operating Committee on Standards for Athletic Equipment. Helmets were tested with facemasks in place but no Guardian Cap and then retested with the facemasks in place and the Guardian Cap affixed.

Main Outcome Measure(s): 

The GSI scores and linear accelerations measured in g forces.

Results: 

For the GSI, we found a significant interaction among drop location, Guardian Cap presence, and helmet brand at the high velocity (F10,50 = 3.01, P = .005) but not at the low (F3.23,16.15 = 0.84, P = .50) or medium (F10,50 = 1.29, P = .26) velocities. Similarly for linear accelerations, we found a significant interaction among drop location, Guardian Cap presence, and helmet brand at the high velocity (F10,50 = 3.01, P = .002, ω2 = 0.05) but not at the low (F10,50 = 0.49, P = .89, ω2 < 0.01, 1–β = 0.16) or medium (F5.20,26.01 = 2.43, P = .06, ω2 < 0.01, 1–β = 0.68) velocities.

Conclusions: 

The Guardian Cap failed to significantly improve the helmets' ability to mitigate impact forces at most locations. Limited evidence indicates how a reduction in GSI would provide clinically relevant benefits beyond reducing the risk of skull fracture or a similar catastrophic event.
Healing of the haemorrhaging woman as a model for checkmating stigma of people living with HIV
Authors: Oke Ruth O.
Published: August 2017

Diseases in human history are not just originating as a hit out of space. Some theologians contend that they must have originated with the human race. Apparently, it is inferred that they have come as a result of human disobedience to God in the Garden of Eden, or as a means of expression of his wrath. Other biblical perspectives ascribe disease to the work of the adversary or the Devil (Job 2:7), jealousy from others (Job 5:2) and self-indulgence (1 Sm 15:1–17, 16:14–15; 23, 1 Cor 10:1ff.). Stigmatisation of people with haemorrhaging condition (the issues of blood) in the biblical accounts of the old Jewish society compares well with stigmatisation of people living with HIV (PLH) in the current dispensation. It is needful to ask whether stigmatisation, discrimination and exclusion of the sick are a recent phenomenon. Landman observes that people with communicable diseases were separated from the rest of the congregation in the Old Testament dispensation. However, in the New Testament, a more charitable standpoint was anticipated because of the revolutionary stance of Jesus Christ in the Gospels. During his ministry, Jesus regarded the outcasts as integral members of the Jewish community. He in fact associated with and touched those who had dreadful diseases like leprosy (Mk 1:40–43, 2:1ff., Jn 8:1–9). Stigmatisation is associated with HIV in Nigeria and all over the world. However, the model of interaction set by Jesus with the Woman with the Issue of Blood in Mark’s narrative in the Gospel proposed a charitable standpoint which if adopted by the Nigerian society will go a long way in stemming the stigma associated with HIV. It is anticipated that these biblical indices will facilitate reduction, if not the eradication of stigma in the society. The text under study will be contextualised.Intradisciplinary and/or interdisciplinary implications: In this article, the African reading of the Bible is brought to the fore using a liberating theology of Jesus in the context of the haemorrhaging woman, using this as a standard in ameliorating the stigma experience of PLH in the era of HIV and AIDS in Nigeria context. It is applicable to all fields of biblical study, social sciences and even health practitioners.
Incidental Finding of Dual Ectopic Thyroid on Computed Tomography Angiography
Authors: Pierro Antonio , Cilla Savino , Modugno Pietro , Sallustio Giuseppina
Published: August 2017

The presence of simultaneous two ectopic foci of thyroid tissue (dual ectopic thyroid) is rare, and few cases have been reported in the literature. The ectopic thyroid tissue is an extremely uncommon embryological aberration due to the alterations occurring during the embryological development with incomplete migration of thyroid precursors. Commonly ectopic thyroid tissue is a midline structures, but the lateral location is possible but very rare. Ectopic thyroid is common in women and can vary in size from a microscopic focus to a few centimeters. The normal process of migration of the thyroid can be interrupted at various levels determining a lingual ectopy, a sublingual ectopic, prelaryngeal ectopy, or mediastinic ectopy. Intrathoracic and subdiaphragmatic organs are other sites where the ectopic thyroid tissue may be present. In most of the cases, ectopic tissue is a lingual thyroid and this condition can be totally asymptomatic, discovered incidentally, or occurs with symptoms such as dysphonia, dysphagia, dyspnea, and hemoptysis. Sublingual or suprahyoid ectopia is rare and even rarer are the cases of two foci of ectopic thyroid tissue simultaneously present. On imaging, the ectopic tissue shows the same characteristics of orthotopic thyroid tissue and similarly can undergo goiterous and cancerous transformation. We report a case of incidental dual ectopic thyroid in lingual and suprahyoid level in a 72-year-old female patient, asymptomatic and with normal thyroid function, who underwent computed tomography (CT) angiography before vascular surgery for the treatment of carotid stenosis. The presence of a lingual thyroid can lead to a difficult and dangerous intubation, with possible fatal consequences. For this reason, the discovery of these abnormalities has totally changed the patient management who has been subjected to endovascular treatment, instead to the classical surgery.
Assessment of the Acceptability and Feasibility of Child Potties for Safe Child Feces Disposal in Rural Bangladesh
Authors: Hussain Faruqe , Luby Stephen P. , Unicomb Leanne , Leontsini Elli , Naushin Tania , Buckland Audrey J. , Winch Peter J.
Published: August 2017

Indiscriminate defecation among young children and the unsafe disposal of their feces increases fecal contamination in the household environment and the risk of diarrheal disease transmission. Improved sanitary technology for children too young to use a latrine may facilitate safe feces disposal and reduce fecal contamination in the household environment. We assessed the acceptability and feasibility of child potties in rural Bangladesh in 2010. Our team introduced child potties into 26 households for 30 days, and conducted semistructured interviews, group discussions, and observations to assess the acceptability and feasibility of their use for parents and children. Residents of this rural Bangladeshi community accepted the child potties and caregivers found them to be a feasible means of managing child feces. The color, shape, design, and size of the potty influenced its acceptability and use. These residents reported that regular use of the potty improved the household’s physical environment and caregiver and child personal hygiene. Regular potty use also reduced caregivers’ work load by making feces collection and disposal easier. Primary caregivers viewed 4–6 months as the appropriate age to initiate potty training. Sanitation interventions should integrate and emphasize potties for children’s feces management to reduce household environmental contamination.
Household and Individual Risk Factors for Cholera among Cholera Vaccine Recipients in Rural Haiti
Authors: Matias Wilfredo R. , Teng Jessica E. , Hilaire Isabelle J. , Harris Jason B. , Franke Molly F. , Ivers Louise C.
Published: August 2017

Oral cholera vaccination was used as part of cholera control in Haiti, but the vaccine does not provide complete protection. We conducted secondary data analyses of a vaccine effectiveness study in Haiti to evaluate risk factors for cholera among cholera vaccine recipients. Individuals vaccinated against cholera that presented with acute watery diarrhea and had a stool sample positive for Vibrio cholerae O1 were included as cases. Up to four vaccinated individuals who did not present for treatment of diarrhea were included as controls for each case, and matched by location of residence, enrollment time, and age. We evaluated sociodemographic characteristics and risk factors for cholera. Univariable and multivariable logistic regression were performed to identify risk factors for cholera among vaccinees. Thirty-three vaccine recipients with culture-confirmed cholera were included as cases. One-hundred-and-seventeen of their matched controls reported receiving vaccine and were included as controls. In a multivariable analysis, self-reporting use of branded household water disinfection products as a means of treating water (adjusted relative risk [aRR] = 44.3, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 4.19–468.05, P = 0.002), and reporting having a latrine as the main household toilet (aRR = 4.22, 95% CI = 1.23–14.43, P = 0.02), were independent risk factors for cholera. Self-reporting always treating water (aRR = 0.09, 95% CI = 0.01–0.57, P = 0.01) was associated with protection against cholera. The field effectiveness of water, sanitation, and hygiene interventions used in combination with cholera vaccination in cholera control should be measured and monitored over time to identify and remediate shortcomings, and ensure successful impact on disease control.
Molecular Epidemiology of Staphylococcus aureus Skin and Soft Tissue Infections in the Lao People’s Democratic Republic
Authors: Yeap Alicia D. , Woods Kate , Dance David A. B. , Pichon Bruno , Rattanavong Sayaphet , Davong Viengmon , Phetsouvanh Rattanaphone , Newton Paul N. , Shetty Nandini , Kearns Angela M.
Published: August 2017

This is the first report of the molecular epidemiology of Staphylococcus aureus from skin and soft tissue infections (SSTI) in Laos. We selected a random sample of 96 S. aureus SSTI isolates received by the Microbiology Laboratory, Mahosot Hospital, Vientiane, between July 2012 and June 2014, including representation from seven referral hospitals. Isolates underwent susceptibility testing by Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute methods, spa typing and DNA microarray analysis, with whole genome sequencing for rare lineages. Median patient age was 19.5 years (interquartile range 2–48.5 years); 52% (50) were female. Forty-three spa types, representing 17 lineages, were identified. Fifty-eight percent (56) of all isolates encoded Panton-Valentine leukocidin (PVL), representing six lineages: half of these patients had abscesses and three had positive blood cultures. The dominant lineage was CC121 (39; 41%); all but one isolate encoded PVL and 49% (19) were from children under five. Staphyococcus argenteus was identified in six (6%) patients; mostly adults > 50 years and with diabetes. Six isolates (6%) belonged to rare lineage ST2885; two possibly indicate cross-infection in a neonatal unit. One isolate from a previously undescribed lineage, ST1541, was identified. Antibiotic resistance was uncommon except for penicillin (93; 97%) and tetracycline (48; 50%). Seven (7%) isolates were methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA), belonging to ST239-MRSA-III, CC59-MRSA-V(T) Taiwan Clone, ST2250-MRSA-IV, ST2885-MRSA-V and CC398-MRSA-V. Globally widespread CC5 and CC30 were absent. There are parallels in S. aureus molecular epidemiology between Laos and neighboring countries and these data highlight the prominence of PVL and suggest infiltration of MRSA clones of epidemic potential from surrounding countries.
Schistosomiasis in European Travelers and Migrants: Analysis of 14 Years TropNet Surveillance Data
Authors: Lingscheid Tilman , Kurth Florian , Clerinx Jan , Marocco Stefania , Trevino Begoña , Schunk Mirjam , Muñoz José , Gjørup Ida E. , Jelinek Tomas , Develoux Michel , Fry Graham , Jänisch Thomas , Schmid Matthias L. , Bouchaud Olivier , Puente Sabino , Zammarchi Lorenzo , Mørch Kristine , Björkman Anders , Siikamäki Heli , Neumayr Andreas , Nielsen Henrik , Hellgren Urban , Paul Malgorzata , Calleri Guido , Kosina Pavel , Myrvang Bjørn , Ramos José M. , Just-Nübling Gudrun , Beltrame Anna , Saraiva da Cunha José , Kern Peter , Rochat Laurence , Stich August , Pongratz Peter , Grobusch Martin P. , Suttorp Norbert , Witzenrath Martin , Hatz Christoph , Zoller Thomas , _ _
Published: August 2017

Schistosomiasis remains one of the most prevalent parasitic diseases worldwide and the infection is frequently found in travelers and migrants. The European Network for Tropical Medicine and Travel Health conducted a sentinel surveillance study on imported schistosomiasis between 1997 and 2010. This report summarizes epidemiological and clinical data from 1,465 cases of imported schistosomiasis. Direct pathogen detection and serology were the main diagnostic tools applied. Of these, 486 (33%) cases were identified among European travelers, 231 (16%) among long-term expatriates, and 748 (51%) among non-European immigrants. Overall, only 18.6% of travelers had received pretravel advice; 95% of infections were acquired in the African region. On species level, Schistosoma mansoni was identified in 570 (39%) and Schistosoma haematobium in 318 (22%) cases; 57.5% of patients were symptomatic. Acute symptoms were reported in 27% of patients leading to earlier presentation within 3 months. Praziquantel was used in all patients to treat schistosomiasis. Many infections were detected in asymptomatic patients. In 47.4% of asymptomatic patients infection was detected by microscopy and in 39% by serology or antigen testing. Schistosomiasis remains a frequent infection in travelers and migrants to Europe. Travelers should be made aware of the risk of schistosomiasis infection when traveling to sub-Saharan Africa. Posttravel consultations particularly for returning expatriates are useful given the high potential for detecting asymptomatic infections.
A Direct from Blood Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction Assay for Monitoring Falciparum Malaria Parasite Transmission in Elimination Settings
Authors: Taylor Brian J. , Lanke Kjerstin , Banman Shanna L. , Morlais Isabelle , Morin Merribeth J. , Bousema Teun , Rijpma Sanna R. , Yanow Stephanie K.
Published: August 2017

We describe a novel one-step reverse transcriptase real-time PCR (direct RT-PCR) for Plasmodium falciparum malaria parasites that amplifies RNA targets directly from blood. We developed the assay to identify gametocyte-specific transcripts in parasites from patient blood samples, as a means of monitoring malaria parasite transmission in field settings. To perform the test, blood is added directly to a master mix in PCR tubes and analyzed by real-time PCR. The limit of detection of the assay on both conventional and portable real-time PCR instruments was 100 parasites/mL for 18S rRNA, and 1,000 parasites/mL for asexual (PFE0065W) and gametocyte (PF14_0367, PFGEXP5) mRNA targets. The usefulness of this assay in field studies was explored in samples from individuals living in a high-transmission region in Cameroon. The sensitivity and specificity of the assay compared with a standard two-step RT-PCR was 100% for 18S rRNA on both conventional and portable instruments. For PF14_0367, the sensitivity and specificity were 85.7% and 70.0%, respectively, on the conventional instrument and 78.6% and 90%, respectively, on the portable instrument. The concordance for assays run on the two instruments was 100% for 18S rRNA, and 79.2% for PF14_0367, with most discrepancies resulting from samples with low transcript levels. The results show asexual and sexual stage RNA targets can be detected directly from blood samples in a simple one-step test on a field-friendly instrument. This assay may be useful for monitoring malaria parasite transmission potential in elimination settings, where sensitive diagnostics are needed to evaluate the progress of malaria eradication initiatives.
A Cluster of Symptomatic and Asymptomatic Infections of Severe Fever with Thrombocytopenia Syndrome Caused by Person-to-Person Transmission
Authors: Huang Deyu , Jiang Yueping , Liu Xiaoping , Wang Bo , Shi Junming , Su Zhan , Wang Hui , Wang Ting , Tang Shuang , Liu Hanyun , Hu Zhihong , Deng Fei , Shen Shu
Published: August 2017

Severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome virus (SFTSV) is a novel phlebovirus that was identified to be the etiological pathogen of the emerging infectious disease, severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome (SFTS). SFTSV could be transmitted through tick bite. Transmission of SFTSV among humans has also been reported mainly through direct blood contact. In July 2014, a cluster of six suspected SFTS cases occurred in Shandong Province, China. In this cluster, both symptomatic and asymptomatic persons were included. By analyzing the clinical data and results of laboratory tests, and conducting the epidemiological interviews with the cases and their families, risk factors responsible for the transmission were evaluated. The findings suggested that SFTSV transmission among humans may cause asymptomatic infection via personal contact without blood exposure.
Prevalence of Dental Anomalies in Odisha Population: A Panoramic Radiographic Study
Authors: Bhuyan Lipsa , Goutham Balasubramanya , Chinnannavar Sangamesh N , Kundu Madhurima , Jha Kunal , Behura Shyam S
Published: August 2017

Aim

The aim of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of dental anomalies (DAs) in Odisha population using panoramic radiographs.

Materials and methods

In this study, 1,080 panoramic radiographs were evaluated for DAs. Dental records were reviewed for diagnostic confirmation. Anomalies related to the shape, size, position of teeth, and number of roots (supernumerary roots) were evaluated.

Results

The study results showed the prevalence of DAs to be 35.27%. The most prevalent was dilaceration, which was seen in 46.71% cases followed by peg laterals in 20.99%.

Conclusion

Dental anomalies were present in more than one-third of the study group, which was mostly related to shape of the teeth. Early diagnosis of these DAs helps in avoiding complications.

Clinical significance

Identification of DAs requires proper examination and thereby subsequent correct diagnosis. These anomalies can pose complications in normal functioning of orofacial complex. The knowledge of the prevalence of such anomalies aids dental practitioners for a proper treatment plan.

How to cite this article

Goutham B, Bhuyan L, Chinnannavar SN, Kundu M, Jha K, Behura SS. Prevalence of Dental Anomalies in Odisha Population: A Panoramic Radiographic Study. J Contemp Dent Pract 2017;18(7):549-553.
Study on Personality Types of Dentists in different Disciplines of Dentistry
Authors: Anil Sukumaran , Hussein Farouk Ahmed , Alahmari Albatool S , Almubarak Sara H , Alateeq Sahar A
Published: August 2017

Aim

The purpose of this study was to determine the most common personality type among dentists in seven selected clinical dentistry specialties using the Myers–Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI) and to compare between these different types of personalities.

Materials and methods

A survey containing the MBTI and demographic and practice questions was used to assess the personality styles of 243 dental specialists in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. The survey results were analyzed using descriptive statistics.

Results

The results of the MBTI for 243 specialist dentists revealed, generally, a higher percentage of scoring for introversion (I) with an average of 65% than extroversion (E). The study identified 10 common personality types among these specialists: ISTJ, ISFJ, INFJ, ISTP, INFP, INTP, ENFP, ENTP, ENFJ, and ENTJ (extraversion–introversion (E–I), sensing–intuition (S–N), thinking–feeling (T–F), and judging–perception (J–P)). The dominant personality type in all seven clinical specialties in dentistry was ISTJ, with an average of 54%.

Conclusion

The personality types showed variation among the seven clinical dentistry specialties. However, among these seven clinician's specialties in dentistry, more than 50% of the individuals shared one common type of personality (ISTJ).

Clinical significance

The identification of the personality type might help in their association with coworkers, students, and patients as well as knowing the individual preferences toward different specialties in dentistry.

How to cite this article

Al-Dlaigan YH, Alahmari AS, Almubarak SH, Alateeq SA, Anil S. Study on Personality Types of Dentists in different Disciplines of Dentistry. J Contemp Dent Pract 2017;18(7):554-558.