bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Actual problems of psychological support of healthcare workers in infectious hospitals for patients with COVID-19 in the territory of the Krasnoyarsk region
Authors: Sevostyanova MS , Selezneva NV , Chernomurova PA , Kharchenko ZS , Glushkova KV , Fetisov AO , Sapova AV , Semichev EV
Published: August 2020

This article presents the experience of implementing psychological support measures for healthcare workers of infectious hospitals for patients with COVID-19 during a pandemic. The results of an empirical study of the prevalence, severity and specificity of the development of anxiety and depressive symptoms in healthcare workers of residents of a megalopolis (Krasnoyarsk), a closed territorial district (Zelenogorsk) and seconded to the North Yenisei district of the Krasnoyarsk Territory depending on social status and professional factors of burnout are presented. The stages of the implementation of measures of psychological support for the activities of healthcare workers are described. A comparative analysis of the involvement of employees of various infectious hospitals was carried out.
Material and methods.
The total sample of the study included 126 subjects (21 men and 105 women) engaged in the provision of medical care in three infectious diseases hospitals for patients with COVID-l9 in the Krasnoyarsk region. To achieve the goals and objectives of the study, the following methods were used: psychodiagnostic testing with the BDI scale, STAI test and MBI questionnaire, and statistical data processing (Spearman rank correlation coefficient, Mann-Whitney-Wilcoxon U-test). We invited 284 medical workers to participate in psychological support activities.
Results and conclusions.
The prevalence of subdepression among medical personnel varies from 5.5 to 30.9%, depending on the location of the infectious diseases hospital for patients with COVID-19. Severe depressive symptoms were detected in 4.46% of the total number of subjects. A low level of situational anxiety was detected in less than 30%. It has been confirmed that employees of a younger age and with less experience are more susceptible to the development of depersonalization and cognitive-affective symptoms of depression. And employees who do not have children show higher indicators of situational and personal anxiety. Moreover, despite the prevalence of alarming and depressive symptoms, there is a low involvement and unwillingness of healthcare workers to participate in psychological support activities.
KEWENANGAN PEMERINTAH DAERAH TERHADAP HAK ULAYAT MASYARAKAT HUKUM ADAT SETELAH BERLAKUNYA UNDANG-UNDANG NOMOR 32 TAHUN 2004
Authors: Laturette Adonia Ivonne
Published: August 2020

The national development faster and rapidly, often requires the state to make the arrangement in all areas including land use that requires people to surrender their land to the State for use for the public interest. Industrial park development, highway construction, agriculture, plantation, mining and so on are some of the basic legitimacy of the state used in the takeover of customary rights of indigenous peoples. With the enactment of Act Number 32 Year 2004 on Regional Autonomy which generally contains the enforcement of the implementation of the handover of authority to the state's right to control local government district or city. In this regard it with the enactment of regional autonomy which is the state's right to control the delegation of authority in the area of land to local governments, local governments should be able to run the authority, especially in the area of land with due regard to the interests of local communities indigenous people themselves in the territory of the Republic of Indonesia
PERAN LATUPATI SEBAGAI LEMBAGA HUKUM ADAT DALAM PENYELESAIAN KONFLIK ANTAR NEGERI DI KECAMATAN LEIHITU PROPINSI MALUKU
Authors: Sahalessy Jacoba
Published: August 2020

Sense of security, order and peace is a basic requirement in the life of a people a very close relationship with law enforcement process. Process of law enforcement in the area of customary law community unit as in the countries of the Moluccas should be understood as a unit which can’t be separated from their culture. Role of Institutions Latupati be one of the institution of customary law (adat institution) which is a cultural identity of indigenous people in Maluku in the resolution of conflicts between countries. Awareness of the legal sistem in fact is at the core of the culture of a community. For those reasons, the existence of latupati institutions need to be maintained and enhanced as an instrument of social control of society, so that the future of this institution is able to contribute to process of law, especially in sub Leihitu.
PEMERINTAH SEBAGAI SUBJEK HUKUM PERDATA DALAM KONTRAK PENGADAAN BARANG ATAU JASA
Authors: Kuahaty Sarah S
Published: August 2020

Dalam pembagiannya subjek hukum Perdata terdiri atas manusia (naturlijkperson) dan badan hukum (rechtperson). Tetapi dalam perkembangannya, ternyata pemerintah yang adalah lembaga publik dapat juga melakukan tindakan hukum perdata, hal ini dapt dibuktikan dengan terlibatnya pemerintah sebagai salah satu pihak dalam kontrak pengadaan barang atau jasa. Berdasarkan hasil penelusuran ternyata bahwa, ketika pemerintah bertindak dalam lapangan keperdataan dan tunduk pada peraturan hukum perdata, maka pemerintah bertindak sebagai wakil dari badan hukum bukan wakil dari jabatan, sehingga tindakan pemerintah tersebut adalah tindakan badan hukum.
TINJAUAN YURIDIS KASUS KONTAMINASI SUSU FORMULA DALAM PERSPEKTIF PEMBINAAN DAN PENDIDIKAN KONSUMEN
Authors: Pesulima Theresia L
Published: August 2020

This study aims to determine the consumer protection system containing legal certainty and transparency of information and access to information. This study is normative, a study that examines the legal provisions of positive law and legal principles. The data used are secondary data, data obtained through library research and research tools for obtaining secondary data obtained through the study of documents. The results show that the picture is not clear that information obtained by the public in the case of infant formula reflects that the system of consumer protection provisions contained in the Consumer Protection Act can’t be realized the government and the level of knowledge/education is uneven between urban communities and suburban/rural . As such, it needs continuous efforts in fostering a critical attitude to the public on the quality of food products so as to encourage the creation of an attitude of prudence consuming public in terms of food products, and the Government should have good communication skills with the public as consumers.
Penegakan dan Perlindungan Hukum Terhadap Satwa Kuskus (Phalanger SPP) yang Dilindungi di Kota Ambon
Authors: Latukau Fikry
Published: August 2020

One of the animals favored by people and can be used as food for some people in Ambon City is cuscus (phalanger spp) is one of the long-tailed marsupial mammals and is also a part of natural resources that is priceless so that its sustainability needs to be maintained through various safeguards. In detail, the regulations concerning these animals are regulated in the regulation of the Minister of Environment and Forestry No. 20 of 2018 concerning the types of plants and animals that are protected. Protected animals are animals that have rarely existed and are therefore protected by various regulations. One of the actions which until now still often occurs and violates the rules in protecting animals is used as food (killed) for some people in Ambon City are cuscus (phalanger spp). The killing of wild animals is an act that has violated the provisions contained in Law No. 5 of 1990 concerning Conservation of Biological Resources and their Ecosystems. Where in article 21 paragraph (2) (a) it has been stated that the prohibition to kill protected animals. In an effort to protect the animals from killing, law enforcement against the trade of protected animals is a process of embodiment of the rules regarding the protection of animals in practice legally in order to realize the goal of protecting protected animals. Research based on normative law research (normative law research) uses normative case studies in the form of legal behavior products, for example reviewing laws. The subject of the study is a law conceptualized as a norm or rule that applies to society and becomes a reference for everyone's behavior. The application of criminal sanctions against some residents of Ambon City who consume cuscus animals (phalanger spp) does not work properly
Kekuatan Putusan Badan Penyelesaian Sengketa Konsumen Terkait Keberatan dan Pembatalan Putusan Arbitrase Sebagai Alternative Dispute Resolution dalam Penyelesaian Sengketa Konsumen
Authors: Gunarsa Surya Muhammad
Published: August 2020

Consumer dispute can be resolved by litigation and non-litigation based on agreement of the parties. Presence of the Consumer Dispute Resolution Agency (BPSK) considered as a new hope for parties because thatsâ€™s give an option to resolve consumer dispute, through BPSK it is expected that dispute can be resolved in a simple, fast, and low-cost manner. However, in fact the verdict issued by BPSK has the disadvantage of not having specificity, it caused by the article 54 point 3 of Consumer Protection Law mention that the BPSK decision is final and binding but can still be submitted for objection, even cancellation, then the absence of executorial power on the BPSK decision causes this BPSK decision to have no merit.
Eksekusi Aset Debitor yang Berada Di Luar Negeri dalam Penyelesaian Sengketa Kepailitan
Authors: Rahmawati Rizka
Published: August 2020

In order to carry out business activities, it is not uncommon for someone to make a debt to have enough capital. These accounts payable activities of course require objects that are a guarantee to give a sense of security to creditors. In its development it is not uncommon for collateral objects to be held by debtors abroad. However, if the collateral object is located abroad, it will not be easy to execute as a debt repayment tool because of the state sovereignty that must be respected and the territoriality principle adopted by a country. The problem in this writing is about how Indonesia's national legal regulation regarding debtors 'assets is located abroad and how efforts can be made so that debtors' assets residing abroad can be executed as debt repayment tools. This research will be conducted using a type of normative juridical research with a type of legislative approach (concept approach) and a conceptual approach. According to the provisions of Article 212 PKPU UUK, that property owned by bankrupt debtors abroad can be used as bankrupt boedel. The provisions of the article give the right to a creditor to obtain repayment by using debtor's assets which are not bound to him which are outside the jurisdiction of the Unitary State of the Republic of Indonesia. In order for collateral objects to be used abroad to be used as a debt repayment tool, a number of ways can be taken, namely by a general court process, bilateral agreements (diplomatic agreements), diplomatic channels, or using the UNCITRAL Law on Cross Model. Border Insolvency with Guide to Enactment.
GENETICS AND ASSOCIATION OF YIELD CONTRIBUTING CHARACTERS FOR ACHENE YIELD IN SUNFLOWER (Helianthus annuus L.)
Authors: Ahmed Muhammad Mahmood
Published: August 2020

Seed yield in sunflower is a quantitatively inherited character highly affected by environmental factors. These factors are related among themselves and with yield either favorably or unfavorably. In this study, data collected from eight (8) sunflower hybrids i.e. W-001, W-002, W-003, W-004, W-005, W-006, Hissun-33 and SF-187 were analyzed for correlations between yield and yield contributing factors. Majority of characters showed significantly positive correlations either both at genotypic or phenotypic level, however stem girth showed positive non-significant correlation with seed yield. While number of rows per head, number of achenes per head, head diameter and 100 achene weight considered as variables significantly influencing seed yield in sunflower. Overall, this study identified the potential traits whose genetic improvement could lead to the genetic improvement in overall yield in Sunflower.
MYCOTOXINS - A GLOBAL ONE HEALTH CONCERN: A REVIEW
Authors: Imran Muhammad
Published: August 2020

Fungal contamination of crops and production of toxic secondary metabolites (mycotoxins) are the inevitable issues throughout the world, mainly in the developing countries. These toxins associated with adverse effects on animals, humans and crops, result in health issues and economic losses. The major mycotoxins that have agro-economic importance are aflatoxins, fumonisins, ochratoxins, zearalenone and trichothecenes. These toxins are produced by different types of molds that contaminate crops under favorable conditions and become the part of animal and human diet. Several studies have described their hepatotoxic, nephrotoxic, carcinogenic, immunosuppressive, toxigenic and mutagenic characteristics, and most mycotoxins represent a considerable risk to animal and human life. Compound stomach animals show some resistance against mycotoxicosis as compared to monogastric animals due to capability of rumen microbiota to degrade mycotoxins. The adverse effects of mycotoxins in humans include hepatocellular carcinoma, Reye�s syndrome, Balkan endemic nephropathy (BEN), immunosuppression, abdominal pain, neural tube defects, infertility and retarded growth in children. This review describes different types of mycotoxins and their adverse effects on animal species and humans by keeping in mind the One-Health aspect.
Compositional Changes in Colostrum of Crossbred Dairy Cow
Authors: Akhter Salma , Islam Md. Zakirul , Bhuiyan Mohammod Kamruj Jaman , Islam Mohammad Ashiqul , Habib Raihan , Siddiki Mohammad Shohel Rana
Published: August 2020

The research was conducted to examine the day-to-day variation in colostrum composition at the udder quarter level. For this purpose, a total of 3 Holstein Frisian crossbred cows were selected from Bangladesh Agricultural University Dairy Farm. Colostrum samples were collected both as mixed and separately from different teats. The concentration of major colostrum constituents (fat, protein, lactose, total solids, solids-not-fat, ash, pH, specific gravity) changed significantly (p≤0.05), the levels on day 4 were found similar to those of normal milk. The highest mean value of fat, protein, total solid, SNF, ash and specific gravity in colostrum was observed on 1st post-partum day as 6.02±0.70, 14.20±0.18, 23.88±1.25, 17.94±0.42, 1.03±0.05% and 1.05±0.00, respectively and later on, decreased as postpartum days advanced. Minimum average fat, protein, total solid, SNF, and ash content in colostrum was observed on 5th postpartum days as 3.75±0.11, 3.24±0.08, 12.00±0.20, 8.27±0.16% and 0.695±0.01, respectively. But lactose percent and pH showed an increasing trend from 1 to 5 postpartum days. Minimum average lactose and pH was observed on 1st and 5th postpartum days as 2.42±0.06%; 6.03±0.04% and 4.26±0.15; 6.30±0.04, respectively. The quality of colostrum produced by udder quarters was found significantly different (p<0.05). The rear quarters produced colostrum, which was significantly richer in fat, proteins, TS, pH compared to forequarters colostrum. The forequarters produced colostrum which was significantly richer in lactose, ash, SNF compared to forequarters colostrum. In conclusion, the results showed that colostrum composition was significantly changed up to 5 days post-partum.
Coronavirus Outbreaks: Literature Review
Authors: G kramer Dany , Sena Pereira Nathalie de , Cavalcanti Junior Geraldo Barroso , Andrade de Moura Ana Maria Marinho , Alves da Silva Ana Elizabeth
Published: August 2020

Coronaviruses are observed in birds and mammals and can be transmitted to humans, leading to outbreaks and pandemics. Among the most recent ones are SARS-CoV, MERS-CoV, and COVID 19. Thus, the objective was to describe a discussion about coronaviruses, with an emphasis on Sars-Cov-2. From the data collected, it can be seen that the current pandemic has had impacts on public health and socioeconomic life in more than 170 countries worldwide, to date, with tens of millions of people infected and hundreds of thousands of deaths. In this regard, prevention actions must be intensified, especially among the most vulnerable patients (the elderly and those with comorbidities that affect immunity). In addition, new studies should be carried out so that vaccines and antivirals can be implemented for application to COVID-19.
STUDI TEOLOGIS TERHADAP MAKNA UNGKAPAN “Aku Adalah” (ego eimi) MENURUT INJIL YOHANES
Authors: Sahari Gunar
Published: August 2020

Abstract: This research is a theological study of the meaning of the phrase Jesus "ego eimi" or "I am" which appears seven times in the Gospel of John. By using a qualitative approach specifically to the literature review, the meaning is obtained. Actually this phrase would emphasize two urgent things, namely: about the divinity of Jesus and about Jesus' mission in the world.

Abstrak: Penelitian ini tentang studi teologis terhadap makna ungkapan Yesus “ego eimi” atau “Aku adalah” yang muncul tujuh kali dalam Injil Yohanes. Dengan menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif yang secara spesifik kepada kajian pustaka, maka diperolehlah maknanya. Sebenarnya ungkapan ini hendak menekankan dua hal yang urgen, yakni: tentang keilahian Yesus dan tentang misi Yesus di dunia.
PERSPEKTIF PENDIDIKAN AGAMA KRISTEN TERHADAP TEOLOGI KEBENCANAAN DAN PERAN GEREJA DALAM MENGHADAPI PENDEMIC COVID 19
Authors: Tefbana Abraham , Rantung Djoys Anneke
Published: August 2020

Abstrak

Artikel ini  dimaksudkan untuk  menjelaskan   sebuah   perspektif  Pendidikan Agama Kristen terhadap Teologi Kebencanaan dan peran gereja. Penulis mendefenisikan dan berusaha menjelaskan mengenai bencana baik bencana alam maupun bencana non-alam dan factor-faktor penyebabnya. Selanjutnya menjelaskan perspektif Pendidikan Agama Kristen tentang pandemik covid 19 dan peran gereja-gereja dalam menghadapinya. Kajian ini dipandang perlu dan penting, sebagai pencerahan dan pembelajaran bagi masyarakat pada umumnya dan khususnya orang Kristen bahwa bencana merupakan bagian yang  tidak terpisahkan dari kehidupan manusia. Bahkan Alkitab menjelaskan tentang berbagai bencana terjadi dalam kehidupan umat pilihan Allah, sebagai bagian dari kehadiran Allah dalam mendidik dan menghukum umat-Nya.
Het ‘niet-fascistische leven’: identiteit, subjectiviteit, verzet
Authors: Cornelissen Lars
Published: August 2020

‘Non-Fascist Living’: Identity, Subjectivity, Resistance

This article explores a recent form of academic and artistic resistance to contemporary modalities of fascism. This form of resistance is premised upon the argument that fascism lodges itself in the deepest recesses of the self, manifesting as fascist desires and beliefs. As such, traces of fascism are present in everyone, including people who do not otherwise hold fascistic ideas. This position goes on to argue that any critic of fascism must accordingly identify and eradicate such traces inside her own subjectivity, by means of an ethics of ‘non-fascist living’. Critically examining the philosophical presuppositions of this position, the article asks what implicit conception of the subject and its relation to resistance is at work here. It brings this position into conversation with Michel Foucault, upon whose work it draws but whose understanding of resistance, it is argued, it reconceptualises. The article concludes by reflecting on the implications of this form of resistance for critical philosophical practice.
Heideggers geofilosofie
Authors: van Peperstraten Frans
Published: August 2020

Heidegger’s geophilosophy

In Heidegger’s ‘Black Notebooks’, his geophilosophy, the fact that he attributes a crucial importance to different places, becomes more evident than in his other works. The effect of this geophilosophy is that ontological difference – the key point of Heidegger’s thinking – is mixed up with, or replaced by, ontic differences. If in Being and Time Dasein’s ‘ground’ is an openness to Being, later this word often refers to Germany as a specific country. In 1939, just before the start of World War II, Hölderlin’s view of the relationship between ‘the own’ and ‘the foreign’ inspires Heidegger to see the possibility of a complementary relationship between the German and the Russian people. During and after World War II, Heidegger’s criticism of ‘Western’ metaphysics is strongly colored by his hostility to England, France and the U.S.A. In response to metaphysical universalism he relates different types of it to specific regions on earth. Remarkably, his criticism of metaphysics brings him to both support and criticize the notion of race.
Stratospheric aerosol layer perturbation caused by the 2019 Raikoke and Ulawun eruptions and climate impact
Authors: Kloss Corinna , Berthet Gwenaël , Sellitto Pasquale , Ploeger Felix , Taha Ghassan , Tidiga Mariam , Eremenko Maxim , Bossolasco Adriana , Jégou Fabrice , Renard Jean-Baptiste , Legras Bernard
Published: August 2020

Abstract. In June 2019 a stratospheric moderate eruption occurred at Raikoke (48° N, 153° E). Satellite observations show the injection of ash and SO2 into the lower stratosphere and an early entrainment of the plume into a cyclone. Following the Raikoke eruption stratospheric Aerosol Optical Depth (sAOD) values increased in the whole northern hemisphere and tropics and remained enhanced for more than one year, with peak values at 0.040 (shorter-wavelength visible, higher northern latitudes) to 0.025 (shorter-wavelength visible, average northern hemisphere). Discrepancies between observations and models indicate that ash has played a role on evolution and sAOD values. Top of the atmosphere radiative forcings are estimated at values between −0.3 and −0.4 W/m2 (clear-sky), and of −0.1 to −0.2 W/m2 (all-sky), comparable to what was estimated for the Sarychev eruption in 2009. Almost simultaneously two significantly smaller stratospheric eruptions occurred at Ulawun (5° S, 151° E) in June and August. Aerosol enhancements from the Ulawun eruptions had mainly an impact on the tropics and southern hemisphere. The Ulawun plume circled the Earth within one month in the tropics. Peak shorter-wavelength sAOD values at 0.01 are found in the tropics following the Ulawun eruptions, and a radiative forcing not exceeding −0.15 (clear-sky) and −0.05 (all-sky). Compared to the Canadian Fires (2017), Ambae eruption (2018), Ulawun (2019) and the Australian fires (2019/2020) highest sAOD values and RF are found for the Raikoke eruption.
Factors controlling marine aerosol size distributions and their climate effects over the Northwest Atlantic Ocean region
Authors: Croft Betty , Martin Randall V. , Moore Richard H. , Ziemba Luke D. , Crosbie Ewan C. , Liu Hongyu , Russell Lynn M. , Saliba Georges , Wisthaler Armin , Müller Markus , Schiller Arne , Galí Martí , Chang Rachel Y.-W. , McDuffie Erin E. , Bilsback Kelsey R. , Pierce Jeffrey R.
Published: August 2020

Abstract. Aerosols over Earth's remote and spatially extensive ocean surfaces have important influences on planetary climate. However, these aerosols and their effects remain poorly understood, in part due to the remoteness and limited observations over these regions. In this study, we seek to understand factors that shape marine aerosol size distributions and composition in the Northwest Atlantic Ocean region. We use the GEOS-Chem-TOMAS model to interpret measurements collected from ship and aircraft during the four seasonal campaigns of the North Atlantic Aerosols and Marine Ecosystems Study (NAAMES) conducted between 2015 and 2018. Observations from the NAAMES campaigns show enhancements in aerosol total number concentration at atmospheric altitudes of about 1 km, most pronounced during the phytoplankton bloom maxima (May/June). Our simulations, combined with NAAMES ship and aircraft measurements, suggest several key factors contribute to aerosol number and size in the Northwest Atlantic lower troposphere, with significant regional-mean (40–60° N, 20–50° W) aerosol-cloud albedo indirect effects (AIE) and direct radiative effects (DRE) during the phytoplankton bloom. These key factors and their associated radiative effects in the region are: (1) particle formation above/near the marine boundary layer (MBL) top (AIE: −3.37 W m−2, DRE: −0.62 W m−2), (2) particle growth due to marine secondary organic aerosol (MSOA) as the nascent particles subside into the MBL, enabling them to become cloud-condensation-nuclei-size particles (AIE: −2.27 W m−2, DRE: −0.10 W m−2), (3) particle formation/growth due to the products of dimethyl sulfide, above/within the MBL (−1.29 W m−2, DRE: −0.06 W m−2), and (4) ship emissions (AIE: −0.62 W m−2, DRE: −0.05 W m−2). Our results suggest a synergy of particle formation near the MBL top and growth by MSOA that contributes strongly to cloud-condensation-nuclei-sized particles with significant regional radiative effects in the Northwest Atlantic. Future work is needed to understand the sources and temperature-dependence of condensable marine vapors forming MSOA and to understand the species that can form new particles at the boundary layer top and grow these particles as they descend into the marine boundary layer.
Total column water vapor retrieval for Global Ozone Monitoring Experience-2 (GOME-2) visible blue observations
Authors: Chan Ka Lok , Valks Pieter , Slijkhuis Sander , Köhler Claas , Loyola Diego
Published: August 2020

Abstract. We present a new total column water vapor (TCWV) retrieval algorithm in the visible blue spectral band for the Global Ozone Monitoring Experience 2 (GOME-2) instruments on board the European Organisation for the Exploitation of Meteorological Satellites (EUMETSAT) Metop satellites. The blue band algorithm allows the retrieval of water vapor from sensors which do not cover longer wavelengths, such as the Ozone Monitoring Instrument (OMI) and the Copernicus atmospheric composition missions Sentinel-5 Precursor (S5P), Sentinel-4 (S4) and Sentinel-5 (S5). The blue band algorithm uses the differential optical absorption spectroscopic (DOAS) technique to retrieve water vapor slant columns. The measured water vapor slant columns are converted to vertical columns using air mass factors (AMFs). The new algorithm has an iterative optimization module to dynamically find the optimal a priori water vapor profile. This makes it better suited for climate studies than usual satellite retrievals with static a priori or vertical profile information from the chemistry transport model (CTM). The dynamic a priori algorithm makes use of the fact that the vertical distribution of water vapor is strongly correlated to the total column. The new algorithm is applied to GOME-2A and GOME-2B observations to retrieve TCWV. The data set is validated by comparing it to the operational product retrieved in the red spectral band, sun photometer and radiosonde measurements. Water vapor columns retrieved in the blue band are in good agreement with the other data sets, indicating that the new algorithm derives precise results and can be used for the current and forthcoming Copernicus Sentinel missions S4 and S5.
Stationary and Portable Multipollutant Monitors for High Spatiotemporal Resolution Air Quality Studies including Online Calibration
Authors: Buehler Colby , Xiong Fulizi , Zamora Misti Levy , Skog Kate M. , Kohrman-Glaser Joseph , Colton Stephan , McNamara Michael , Ryan Kevin , Redlich Carrie , Bartos Matthew , Wong Brandon , Kerkez Branko , Koehler Kirsten , Gentner Drew R.
Published: August 2020

Abstract. The distribution and dynamics of atmospheric pollutants are spatiotemporally heterogeneous due to variability in emissions, transport, chemistry, and deposition. To understand these processes at high spatiotemporal resolution and their implications for air quality and personal exposure, we present custom, low-cost air quality monitors that measure concentrations of contaminants relevant to human health and climate, including gases (e.g. O3, NO, NO2, CO, CO2, CH4, and SO2) and size-resolved (0.3–10 µm) particulate matter. The devices transmit sensor data and location via cellular communications, and are capable of providing concentration data down to second-level temporal resolution. We produce two models; one designed for stationary (or mobile platform) operation, and a wearable, portable model for directly measuring personal exposure in the breathing zone. To address persistent problems with sensor drift and environmental sensitivities (e.g. relative humidity and temperature), we present the first online calibration system designed specifically for low-cost air quality sensors to calibrate zero and span concentrations at hourly to weekly intervals. Monitors are tested and validated in a number of environments across multiple outdoor and indoor sites in New Haven, CT, Baltimore, MD, and New York City. The evaluated pollutants (O3, NO2, NO, CO, CO2, and PM2.5) performed well against reference instrumentation (e.g. r = 0.66–0.98) in urban field evaluations with fast e-folding response times (≤ 1 min), making them suitable for both large-scale network deployments and smaller-scale targeted experiments at a wide range of temporal resolutions. We also provide a discussion of best practices on monitor design, construction, systematic testing, and deployment.
Sea surface temperature in the Indian sector of the Southern Ocean over the Late Glacial and Holocene
Authors: Orme Lisa Claire , Crosta Xavier , Miettinen Arto , Divine Dmitry V. , Husum Katrine , Isaksson Elisabeth , Wacker Lukas , Mohan Rahul , Ther Olivier , Ikehara Minoru
Published: August 2020

Abstract. Centennial- and millennial-scale variability of Southern
Ocean temperature over the Holocene is poorly known, due to both short
instrumental records and sparsely distributed high-resolution temperature
reconstructions, with evidence for past temperature variations in the region
coming mainly from ice core records. Here we present a high-resolution
(∼60 year), diatom-based sea surface temperature (SST)
reconstruction from the western Indian sector of the Southern Ocean that
spans the interval 14.2 to 1.0 ka (calibrated kiloyears before present). During the late deglaciation, the new SST record shows cool temperatures at 14.2–12.9 ka and gradual warming between 12.9 and 11.6 ka in phase with atmospheric temperature evolution. This supports the evolution of the
Southern Ocean SST during the deglaciation being linked with a complex
combination of processes and drivers associated with reorganisations of
atmospheric and oceanic circulation patterns. Specifically, we suggest that
Southern Ocean surface warming coincided, within the dating uncertainties,
with the reconstructed slowdown of the Atlantic Meridional Overturning
Circulation (AMOC), rising atmospheric CO2 levels, changes in the
southern westerly winds and enhanced upwelling. During the Holocene the
record shows warm and stable temperatures from 11.6 to 8.7 ka followed by a slight cooling and greater variability from 8.7 to 1 ka, with a
quasi-periodic variability of 200–260 years identified by spectral analysis. We suggest that the increased variability during the mid- to late Holocene reflects the establishment of centennial variability in SST connected with changes in the high-latitude atmospheric circulation and Southern Ocean convection.
Holocene hydroclimate reconstruction based on pollen, XRF, and grain-size analysis and its implications for past societies of the Korean Peninsula
Authors: Park Jinheum , Park Jungjae , Yi Sangheon , Lim Jaesoo , Kim Jin Cheul , Jin Qiuhong , Choi Jieun
Published: August 2020

Abstract. The dynamics of the East Asian Summer Monsoon (EASM) and their link to past societies during the Holocene are topics of growing interest. In this study, we present analyses of a ca. 6,000-year pollen record, as well as X-ray fluorescence (XRF) and grain-size data from the STP18-03 core sampled from Miryang in the Korean Peninsula, which spans ca. 8.3–2.3 ka BP. In-phase relationships of these proxies revealed an imprint of the Holocene Climate Optimum (HCO) during the early to mid-Holocene and subsequent drying toward the late Holocene in accordance with decreasing solar insolation. At centennial timescales, our study indicates wet conditions during ca. 8.3–7.5, 7.1–6.4, 6.0–4.8, and 3.6–2.8 ka BP, and a drier climate during ca. 7.5–7.1, 6.4–6.0, and 4.8–3.6 ka BP. Notably, our finding for ca. 6.4–6.0 ka BP contributes further evidence of a drying event in the Korean Peninsula during this period. We suggest that the Pacific Ocean played a role in the underlying mechanism of hydroclimate change in the region. A strong Kuroshio Current (KC) and long-term El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO)-like variability in the Western Tropical Pacific (WTP) were closely linked to the influence of the EASM over the Korean Peninsula. In particular, dry phases during ca. 4.8–3.6 and 2.8–2.3 ka BP, which were synchronous with a more active ENSO, closely corresponded to lower population levels according to a summed probability distribution (SPD) of archaeological records assembled in the Korean Peninsula. This finding implies that past human societies of Korea were highly vulnerable to climate deterioration caused by precipitation deficits.
A multirate mass transfer model to represent the interaction of multicomponent biogeochemical processes between surface water and hyporheic zones (SWAT-MRMT-R 1.0)
Authors: Fang Yilin , Chen Xingyuan , Gomez Velez Jesus , Zhang Xuesong , Duan Zhuoran , Hammond Glenn E. , Goldman Amy E. , Garayburu-Caruso Vanessa A. , Graham Emily B.
Published: August 2020

Abstract. Surface water quality along river corridors can be modulated by hyporheic zones (HZs) that are ubiquitous and biogeochemically active. Watershed management practices often ignore the potentially important role of HZs as a natural reactor. To investigate the effect of hydrological exchange and biogeochemical processes on the fate of nutrients in surface water and HZs, a novel model, SWAT-MRMT-R, was developed coupling the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) watershed model and the reaction module from a flow and reactive transport code (PFLOTRAN). SWAT-MRMT-R simulates concurrent nonlinear multicomponent biogeochemical reactions in both the channel water and its surrounding HZs, connecting the channel water and HZs through hyporheic exchanges using multirate mass transfer (MRMT) representation. Within the model, HZs are conceptualized as transient storage zones with distinguished exchange rates and residence times. The biogeochemical processes within HZs are different from those in the channel water. Hyporheic exchanges are modeled as multiple first-order mass transfers between the channel water and HZs. As a numerical example, SWAT-MRMT-R is applied to the Hanford Reach of the Columbia River, a large river in the United States, focusing on nitrate dynamics in the channel water. Major nitrate contaminants entering the Hanford Reach include those from the legacy waste, irrigation return flows (irrigation water that is not consumed by crops and runs off as point sources to the stream), and groundwater seepage resulting from irrigated agriculture. A two-step reaction sequence for denitrification and an aerobic respiration reaction is assumed to represent the biogeochemical transformations taking place within the HZs. The spatially variable hyporheic exchange rates and residence times in this example are estimated with the basin-scale Networks with EXchange and Subsurface Storage (NEXSS) model. Our simulation results show that (1), given a residence time distribution, how the exchange fluxes to HZs are approximated when using MRMT can significantly change the amount of nitrate consumption in HZs through denitrification and (2) source locations of nitrate have a different impact on surface water quality due to the spatially variable hyporheic exchanges.
CLIMADA v1.4.1: Towards a globally consistent adaptation options
appraisal tool
Authors: Bresch David N. , Aznar-Siguan Gabriela
Published: August 2020

Abstract. Climate change is a fact and adaptation to a changing environment therefore a necessity. Adaptation is ultimately local, yet similar challenges pose themselves to decision-makers all across the globe and on all levels. The Economics of Climate Adaptation (ECA) methodology established an economic framework to fully integrate risk and reward perspectives of different 10 stakeholders, underpinned by the CLIMADA impact modelling platform. We present an extension of the latter to appraise adaption options in a consistent fashion in order to provide decision-makers from the local to the global level with the necessary facts to identify the most effective instruments to meet the adaptation challenge. We apply the open-source methodology and its Python implementation to a case study in the Caribbean, which allows to prioritize a small basked of adaptation options, namely green and grey infrastructure options as well as behavioural measures, and permits inter-island comparisons. In 15 Anguilla, for example, mangroves avert simulated damages more than 4 times the cost estimated for restoration, while enforcement of building codes shows to be effective in the Turks and Caicos islands. For all islands, cost-effective measures reduce the cost of risk transfer, which covers damage of high impact events that cannot be cost-effectively prevented by other measures. This extended version of the CLIMADA platform has been designed to enable risk assessment and options appraisal in a modular form and occasionally bespoke fashion yet with high reusability of common functionalities to foster usage of the 20 platform in interdisciplinary studies and international collaboration.
Technical Note: Partial wavelet coherency for improved understanding of
scale-specific and localized bivariate relationships in geosciences
Authors: Hu Wei , Si Bing
Published: August 2020

Abstract. Bivariate wavelet coherency is widely used to untangle the scale-specific and localized bivariate relationships in geosciences. However, it is well-known that bivariate relationships can be misleading when both variables are correlated to other variables. Partial wavelet coherency (PWC) has been proposed, but is limited to one excluding variable and presents no phase information. The objective of this study was to develop a new PWC method that can deal with multiple excluding variables and presents phase information for the PWC. Tests with both stationary and non-stationary artificial datasets verified the known scale- and localized bivariate relationships after eliminating the effects of other variables. Compared with the previous PWC method, the new method has the advantages of capturing phase information, dealing with multiple excluding variables, and producing more accurate results. The new method was also applied to two field measured datasets. Results showed that the coherency between response and predictor variables was usually less affected by excluding variables when predictor variables had higher correlation with the response variable. Application of the new method also confirmed the best predictor variables for explaining temporal variations in free water evaporation at Changwu site in China and spatial variations in soil water content in a hummocky landscape in Saskatchewan Canada. We suggest the PWC method to be used in combination with previous wavelet methods to untangle the scale-specific and localized multivariate relationships in geosciences. Matlab codes for the PWC were developed and are provided in the supplement.
UNDERWATER IMAGE ENHANCEMENT BASED ON POLARIZATION IMAGING
Authors: Shen L. , Zhao Y.
Published: August 2020

Abstract. The need of high-quality underwater imaging is obviously required in many underwater applications. For example, underwater archaeology, underwater ecological research, underwater object detection and tracking. This paper presents a joint enhancing and denoising scheme for an image taken in underwater conditions. Conventional image enhancing methods may amplify the noise depending on the distance and density of the particles in the water. To suppress the noise and improve the enhancement performance, an imaging model is modified by adding the process of amplifying the noise in underwater conditions. This model offers depth-chromaticity compensation regularization for the transmission map and chromaticity-depth compensation regularization for enhancing the image. The proposed iterative underwater image enhancing method with polarization uses these two joint regularization schemes and the relationship between the transmission map and enhanced irradiance image. The transmission map and irradiance image are used to promote each other. To verify the effectiveness of the algorithm, polarizing images of different scenes in different conditions are collected. Different algorithms are applied to the original images. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed scheme increases visibility in extreme conditions without amplifying the noise.
Insights into the recurrent energetic eruptions that drive Awu, among the deadliest volcanoes on Earth
Authors: Bani Philipson ,   Kristianto, Kunrat Syegi , Syahbana Devy Kamil
Published: August 2020

Abstract. The little-known Awu volcano (Sangihe Islands, Indonesia) is among the
deadliest, with a cumulative death toll of 11 048. In less than 4 centuries, 18 eruptions were recorded, including two VEI 4 and three VEI 3 eruptions with worldwide impacts. The regional geodynamic setting is controlled by a divergent-double-subduction collision and an arc–arc collision. In that context, the slab stalls in the mantle, undergoes an increase in temperature, and becomes prone to melting, a process that sustained the magmatic supply. Awu also has the particularity of hosting alternatively and simultaneously a lava dome and a crater lake throughout its activity. The lava dome passively erupted through the crater lake and induced strong water evaporation from the crater. A conduit plug associated with this dome emplacement subsequently channeled the gas emission to the crater wall. However, with the lava dome cooling, the high annual rainfall eventually reconstituted the crater lake and created a hazardous situation on Awu. Indeed with a new magma injection, rapid pressure buildup may pulverize the conduit plug and the lava dome, allowing lake water injection and subsequent explosive water–magma interaction. The past vigorous eruptions are likely induced by these phenomena, possible scenarios for future events.
A revision of the Combined Drought Indicator (CDI) as part of the European Drought Observatory (EDO)
Authors: Cammalleri Carmelo , Arias-Muñoz Carolina , Barbosa Paulo , de Jager Alfred , Magni Diego , Masante Dario , Mazzeschi Marco , McCormick Niall , Naumann Gustavo , Spinoni Jonathan , Vogt Jürgen
Published: August 2020

Abstract. Building on almost ten years of expertise and operational application of the Combined Drought Indicator (CDI), which is operationally implemented within the European Commission’s European Drought Observatory (EDO) for the purposes of early warning and monitoring of agricultural droughts in Europe, this paper proposes a revised version of the index. The CDI conceptualizes drought as a cascade process, where a precipitation shortage (WATCH stage) develops into a soil water deficit (WARNING stage), which in turn leads to stress for vegetation (ALERT stage). The main goal of the revised CDI proposed here, is to improve the indicator’s performance for those events that are currently not reliably represented, without drastically altering the modelling framework. This is achieved by means of two main modifications: (a) use of the previously occurring CDI value to improve the temporal consistency of the timeseries, (b) introduction of two temporary classes – namely, soil moisture and vegetation greenness – to avoid brief discontinuities in a stage. The efficacy of the modifications is tested by comparing the performances of the revised and currently implemented versions of the indicator, for actual drought events in Europe during the last 20 years. The revised CDI reliably reproduces the evolution of major droughts, out-performing the current version of the indicator, especially for long-lasting events. Since the revised CDI does not need supplementary input datasets, it is suitable for operational implementation within the EDO drought monitoring system.
New insights into radiative transfer in sea ice derived from
autonomous ice internal measurements
Authors: Katlein Christian , Valcic Lovro , Lambert-Girard Simon , Hoppmann Mario
Published: August 2020

Abstract. The radiative transfer of short-wave solar radiation through the sea ice cover of the polar oceans is a crucial aspect of energy partitioning at the atmosphere-ice-ocean interface. A detailed understanding of how sunlight is reflected and transmitted by the sea ice cover is needed for an accurate representation of critical processes in climate and ecosystem models, such as the ice-albedo feedback. Due to the challenges associated with ice internal measurements, most information about radiative transfer in sea ice has been gained by optical measurements above and below the sea ice. To improve our understanding of radiative transfer processes within the ice itself, we developed a new kind of instrument equipped with a number of multispectral light sensors that can be frozen into the ice. A first prototype consisting of a 2.3 m long chain of 48 sideward planar irradiance sensors with a vertical spacing of 0.05 m was deployed at the geographic North Pole in late August 2018, providing autonomous, vertically resolved light measurements within the ice cover during the autumn season. Here we present the first results of this instrument, discuss the advantages and application of the prototype and provide first new insights into the spatiotemporal aspect of radiative transfer within the sea ice itself. In particular, we investigate how measured attenuation coefficients relate to the optical properties of the ice pack, and show that sideward planar irradiance measurements are equivalent to measurements of total scalar irradiance.
Menstruation: Is a Normal Phenomenon Perceived Normally in Early Adolescents: A Cross Sectional Study
Authors: Sancheti Poonam Vijay , Shinde Rupeshkumar Dattatray
Published: August 2020

Introduction: Most Indian women believe that menstruation contaminates the body and makes it unholy. With this background, present study was proposed.

Objectives: 1. To assess the effects of menstruation on routine activities in early adolescent girl students.

To describe the perceptions regarding menstruation in early adolescent girl students.

Methods: Present study was a cross sectional study carried out in slum and non-slum schools of a Sholapur city. Total study duration was 6. Total 172 school going adolescent girls were taken from slum and non-slum school each. Information regarding awareness, perceptions during menstruation was taken.

Results: Average correct score for perceptions regarding menstruation was 5.26 out of 8. 81.96% students used sanitary pads during their menstrual periods followed by 28 students used cotton cloth. 127 students missed playing sport activities while 123 missed normal daily activities. 35 students felt that they were a failure, during menstrual periods.

Conclusions: There are lacunae in knowledge and perception of girls regarding menstruation. The results reinforce need to encourage safe practices among the adolescent girls and bring them out of misconceptions, myths regarding menstruation. Menstruation affects self-esteem of girls.