bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Self-Calibrated Method to Measure the Load Effect of the Resistor
Authors:   National Institute of Metrology, China, Li Zhengkun , Wu Jian , Zhang Zhonghua , He Qing
Published: March 2022

Since 1999, quantum Hall resistance (QHR) has been widely used as the primary standard of resistance in national metrology institutes (NMIs). The standard resistors can trace to the QHR standard by Cryogenic Current Comparator (CCC) bridge or Direct Current Comparator (DCC) bridge. In the calibration, the current applied to resistor should be a certain value. However, in most industrial applications, the current applied to the resistor is not the same as the one used in the calibrated procedure. Due to the temperature change from the resistor’s self-heating with current, the value of the resistor will also change, which is called load effect. Besides, the load effect is also determined by the environment temperature. Thus in many precise measurements, the load effect or power coefficient of the resistor should be considered and evaluated. So far, there is not an instrument can be used to measure the load effect of a resistor directly. Lack of a standard resistor with known load effect is also a problem. Here, a self-calibrated method is proposed to get the load coefficient of a resistor at different temperature. A series of 500 ohm resistor components with the same temperature coefficient is used to form a 100 ohm resistor and a 20 ohm resistor by series-parallel connection. A DCC bridge is used to compare two resistors at 1 volt and 0.5 volt alternately. The power change of 500 ohm component in 20 ohm resistor is 4 times of that in 100 ohm resistor. Thus the ratio change is mainly from the change of the 20 ohm resistor and the load coefficient can be got with this approach. The 100 ohm resistor is put in an oil bath with fixed temperature, and the 20 ohm resistor is put in another oil bath, which temperature is changed to get the load coefficient of the 20 ohm resistor at different temperature. Measurement results show that the load coefficient of the 20 ohm resistor is at 1E-9 level when the oil bath is set at 23.5 degree. Then it can be used as a reference to measure the load coefficient of other resistors.
Realization and Dissemination of the International Temperature Scale of 1990 (ITS-90) above 962 C at the National Research Council (NRC) Canada
Authors:   National Research Council of Canada, Todd A.D.W>
Published: March 2022

Above 962°C, the ITS-90 is realized at NRC by a standard radiation thermometer with a known spectral responsivity and a silver freezing-point blackbody. Together with Planck's law, the temperature scale can be extrapolated to temperatures in excess of 2500°C albeit with uncertainties that increase with higher temperatures. This realization can then be disseminated to other radiation thermometers via a variable-temperature blackbody for use in, for example, calibration laboratories. In the future, it is expected that new high-temperature fixed points with transition temperatures exceeding 3000°C will allow an interpolated high-temperature realization and lower uncertainties.
Ensuring Accurate and Safe Calibration Of Electrical Safety Equipment
Authors:   Transmille Ltd, Bailey Michael
Published: March 2022

Across the globe building codes are being tightened up to include adequate electrical safety with the installation of protection devices such as GFI’s as well as setting standards for loop impedance in new buildings and electrical installations. Providing calibration of these devices presents many issues to calibration laboratories, primarily safety as these instruments are designed for use on mains power. Testing methods are also typically much different from traditional calibration of multimeters and other typical equipment, requiring measurement of low resistance (from 10mOhms to 10 Ohms) as well as accurate timing of fault currents (traditionally requiring usage of oscilloscopes). This paper describes typical Electricians test tools, and how to perform complete yet effective verification through traditional methods where modern electrical test equipment calibrators are not available.
Ideal Vs. Reality: Metrology Education in the US And Abroad
Authors:   DTE Energy/Monroe County Community College, Taylor Michael L.
Published: March 2022

The following paper will first describe an ideal scenario in regard to metrology education in North America, next an attempt will be made to describe actual present circumstances regarding this, mostly in North America. Information also has been gathered regarding this same situation in several other countries of our world. Some mention will also be made of facts gathered as a comparison and attempts will be made to determine differences which may exist.
How to Select the Appropriate Type of Control Chart in Metrology
Authors:   Center for Measurement Standards/Industrial Technology Research Institute, Hung Chen-Yun
Published: March 2022

According to section 5.9 of ISO/IEC 17025:2005 [1], laboratories shall have quality control procedures for monitoring the validity of tests and calibrations undertaken. The resulting data shall be recorded in such a way that trends are detectable and, where practicable, statistical techniques shall be applied to the reviewing of the results. In order to meet the requirements given above, control charts are commonly used to monitor the stability of the measurement systems. However, based on the practical experiences in laboratories, inappropriate selection of process parameters or control charts may result in failure to detect the changes of measurement systems. For this reason, this paper focuses on how to select the appropriate types of control charts in metrology, such as for process parameters characterized by trend or lower resolution. In addition, some patterns are also provided to help the laboratory staffs detect the signals of measurement systems immediately. The accuracy of the measurement results could be ensured continuously through the correct use of the control charts.
NCSLI North American 1Ω Interlaboratory Comparison (2012-2014)
Authors:   National Research Council Canada, Wendler Kai
Published: March 2022

The basis of our measurement system can be quickly summed up as follows; laboratories claim to be able to measure something with a stated level of accuracy, through some form of accreditation this claim is given credence and proficiency testing is used to verify the accredited uncertainties. This is certainly an oversimplified explanation, but the importance of the proficiency testing is readily apparent. An interlaboratory comparison is a proficiency test that involves many participants.
Persistence of moist plumes from overshooting convection in the Asian monsoon anticyclone
Authors: Khaykin Sergey M. , Moyer Elizabeth , Krämer Martina , Clouser Benjamin , Bucci Silvia , Legras Bernard , Lykov Alexey , Afchine Armin , Cairo Francesco , Formanyuk Ivan , Mitev Valentin , Matthey Renaud , Rolf Christian , Singer Clare E. , Spelten Nicole , Volkov Vasiliy , Yushkov Vladimir , Stroh Fred
Published: March 2022

Abstract. The Asian monsoon anticyclone (AMA) represents one of the
wettest regions in the lower stratosphere (LS) and is a key contributor to
the global annual maximum in LS water vapour. While the AMA wet pool is
linked with persistent convection in the region and horizontal confinement
of the anticyclone, there remain ambiguities regarding the role of
tropopause-overshooting convection in maintaining the regional LS water
vapour maximum. This study tackles this issue using a unique set of
observations from aboard the high-altitude M55-Geophysica aircraft deployed
in Nepal in summer 2017 within the EU StratoClim project. We use a
combination of airborne measurements (water vapour, ice water, water
isotopes, cloud backscatter) together with ensemble trajectory modelling
coupled with satellite observations to characterize the processes
controlling water vapour and clouds in the confined lower stratosphere (CLS)
of the AMA. Our analysis puts in evidence the dual role of overshooting
convection, which may lead to hydration or dehydration depending on the
synoptic-scale tropopause temperatures in the AMA. We show that all of the
observed CLS water vapour enhancements are traceable to convective events
within the AMA and furthermore bear an isotopic signature of the overshooting
process. A surprising result is that the plumes of moist air with mixing
ratios nearly twice the background level can persist for weeks whilst
recirculating within the anticyclone, without being subject to irreversible
dehydration through ice settling. Our findings highlight the importance of
convection and recirculation within the AMA for the transport of water into the
stratosphere.
Characterization of groundwater recharge through tritium measurements
Authors: Telloli Chiara , Rizzo Antonietta , Salvi Stefano , Pozzobon Alessandro , Marrocchino Elena , Vaccaro Carmela
Published: March 2022

Abstract. After the nuclear weapons testing in the 1950s and 1960s,
the atmospheric tritium levels have almost returned to natural levels
(pre-1950 levels), which means that tritium is becoming more effective in
determining transit times in hydrological systems. It has also been
demonstrated that tritium is a non-reactive noble gas and in water is not
subject to chemical reactions, absorption, or dissolution/precipitation
processes, so it is conservative of the geochemical fingerprint of the
source. In addition, it is used as an effective tracer of water
contamination by landfill leachate, allowing to detect mixing percentages of
the leachate up to levels not achievable with normal chemical analyses (less
than 1 %). The purpose of the present work is to deepen the knowledge of
the hydrogeochemical characteristics of the aquifers in the pedemontana area
of the Venetian plain, and to formulate a conceptual framework of
underground water circulation, aimed at understanding phenomena of
contamination by toxic metals, harmful to human health. Tritium
concentration analyses were performed on selected samples of groundwater
collected in different wells in the south part of Treviso city to correlate
the young age of the water recharge. The abundance of young waters, in fact,
indicates a vulnerability of the aquifer to climate change with respect to
possible contributions of surface waters, in particular to prolonged drought
periods which could induce salinization dynamics.
MUNICH v2.0: A street-network model coupled with SSH-aerosol (v1.2) for multi-pollutant modelling
Authors: Kim Youngseob , Lugon Lya , Maison Alice , Sarica Thibaud , Roustan Yelva , Valari Myrto , Zhang Yang , André Michel , Sartelet Karine
Published: March 2022

Abstract. A new version of the street-network model, Model of Urban Network of Intersecting Canyons and Highways version 2.0 (MUNICH v2.0) is presented. The comprehensive aerosol model SSH-aerosol is implemented in MUNICH v2.0 to simulate the street concentrations of multi pollutants including secondary aerosols. The implementation uses the Application Programming Interface (API) technology so that the SSH-aerosol version may be easily updated. New parameterisations are also introduced in MUNICH v2.0, including a non-stationary approach to model reactive pollutants, particle deposition and resuspension, and a parameterisation of the wind at roof level. A test case over a Paris suburb is presented for model evaluation and illustration of the impact of the new functionalities. The implementation of SSH-aerosol leads to an increase of 11 % of PM10 concentration, because of secondary aerosol formation. Using the non-stationary approach rather than the stationary one leads to a decrease in NO2 concentration by 16 %. The impact of particle deposition and resuspension on pollutant concentrations in the street canyons is low.
Improving hydrologic models for predictions and process understanding using Neural ODEs
Authors: Höge Marvin , Scheidegger Andreas , Baity-Jesi Marco , Albert Carlo , Fenicia Fabrizio
Published: March 2022

Abstract. Deep learning methods have frequently outperformed conceptual hydrologic models in rainfall-runoff modelling. Attempts of investigating the internals of such deep learning models are being made but traceability of model states and processes and their interrelations to model input and output is not yet fully given. Direct interpretability of mechanistic processes has always been considered as asset of conceptual models that helps to gain system understanding aside of predictability. We introduce hydrologic Neural Ordinary Differential Equation (ODE) models that perform as well as state-of-the-art deep learning methods in stream flow prediction while maintaining the ease of interpretability of conceptual hydrologic models. In Neural ODEs, internal processes that are represented in differential equations are substituted by neural networks. Therefore, Neural ODE models enable fusing deep learning with mechanistic modelling. We demonstrate the basin-specific predictive performance for several hundred catchments of the continental USA. For exemplary basins, we analyse the dynamics of states and processes learned by the model-internal neural networks. Finally, we discuss the potential of Neural ODE models in hydrology.
Gas isotope thermometry in the South Pole and Dome Fuji Ice Cores provides evidence for seasonal rectification of ice core gas records
Authors: Morgan Jacob Davies , Buizert Christo , Fudge Tyler Jeffrey , Kawamura Kenji , Severinghaus Jeffrey Peck , Trudinger Cathy M.
Published: March 2022

Abstract. Gas isotope thermometry using the isotopes of molecular nitrogen and argon has been used extensively to reconstruct past surface temperature change from Greenland ice cores. The gas isotope ratios δ15N and δ40Ar in the ice core are each set by the amount of gravitational and thermal fractionation in the firn. The gravitational component of fractionation is proportional to the firn thickness and the thermal component is proportional to the temperature difference between the top and bottom of the firn column, which can be related to surface temperature change. Compared to Greenland, Antarctic climate change is typically more gradual and smaller in magnitude, which results in smaller thermal fractionation signals that are harder to detect. This has hampered application of gas isotope thermometry to Antarctic ice cores. Here, we present an analytical method for measuring δ15N and δ40Ar with a precision of 0.002 ‰ per atomic mass unit, a two-fold improvement on previous work. This allows us to reconstruct changes in firn thickness and temperature difference at South Pole between 30 and 5 kyr BP. We find that variability in firn thickness is controlled in part by changes in snow accumulation rate, which is, in turn, influenced strongly by the along-flowline topography upstream of the ice core site. Variability in our firn temperature difference record cannot be explained by annual-mean processes. We therefore propose that the ice core gas isotopes contain a seasonal bias due to rectification of seasonal signals in the upper firn. The strength of the rectification also appears to be linked to fluctuations in the upstream topography. As further evidence for the existence of rectification, we present new data from the Dome Fuji ice core that are also consistent with a seasonal bias throughout the Holocene. Our findings have important implications for the interpretation of ice core gas records. For example, we show that the effects of upstream topography on ice core records can be significant at flank sites like South Pole—they are responsible for some of the largest signals in our record. Presumably upstream signals impact other flank-flow ice cores such as EDML, Vostok, and EGRIP similarly. Future work is required to confirm the existence of seasonal rectification in polar firn, determine how spatially and temporally widespread rectifier effects are, and to incorporate the relevant physics into firn air models.
Characteristics of long-track tropopause polar vortices
Authors: Bray Matthew T. , Cavallo Steven M.
Published: March 2022

Abstract. Tropopause polar vortices (TPVs) are closed circulations centered on the tropopause that form and predominately reside in high latitudes. Due to
their attendant flow, TPVs have been shown to influence surface weather features, and thus, a greater understanding of the dynamics of these
features may improve our ability to forecast impactful weather events. In this study, we focus on the subset of TPVs that have lifetimes of longer
than 2 weeks (the 95th percentile of all TPV cases between 1979 and 2018); these long-lived vortices offer a unique opportunity to study
the conditions under which TPVs strengthen and analyze patterns of vortex formation and movement. Using ERA-Interim data, along with TPV tracks
derived from the same reanalysis, we investigate the formation, motion, and development of these long-lived vortices. We find that these TPVs are
significantly stronger, occur more often in the summer, and tend to remain more poleward than an average TPV. Similarly, these TPVs are shown to
form at higher latitudes than average. Long-lived TPVs form predominately by splitting from existing vortices, but a notable minority seem to
generate via dynamic processes in the absence of pre-existing TPVs. These non-likely split genesis events are found to occur in select geographic
regions, driven by Rossby wave growth and breaking. Seasonal variations emerge in the life cycles of long-lived vortices; notably, winter TPVs
progress more equatorward and generally grow to stronger amplitudes. These long-lived TPVs also appear as likely as any TPV to exit the Arctic and
move into the mid-latitudes, doing so via two primary pathways: through Canada or Siberia.
Statistical literacy activities in Portuguese speaking countries
Authors: Campos Pedro , Porciúncula Mauren , Delgado Júlio
Published: March 2022

The promotion of statistical literacy and capacity building is increasing worldwide. This growth has been motivated by the increase in the general literacy of the populations and by the general improvement of living conditions. Quantitative literacy, and statistical literacy in particular, are more relevant nowadays, given the current pandemic context of COVID-19, where the information burden increased, and citizens need more and more skills to interpret numbers and learn what is hidden behind them. In this paper, we provide a summary of the best practices of some Portuguese-speaking countries that can be seen as inspiring a benchmark that allows the promotion of statistical literacy in other communities that are united by the same language. In addition, we emphasize the role of the current pandemic in the evolution of the activities that promote statistical literacy.
Factors Associated with University Students’ Development and Success: Insights from Senior Undergraduates
Authors: Han Brenna , Rideout Candice
Published: March 2022

In order to effectively support students’ learning and development at university, we need a better understanding of what helps undergraduate students thrive in the university environment. In this study, we surveyed 204 senior undergraduate students at a large research-intensive university in western Canada to explore factors related to thriving as a university student. We measured sense of belonging (including perceived faculty understanding, peer support, and classroom comfort), task value (students’ perceptions of the value of their course content), and academic achievement (self-reported grade point average) for students’ current year and their recollections of their first year at university. We also asked students to identify factors they considered integral to becoming a successful university learner. Both sense of belonging and perceived task value increased from first to senior year. Sense of belonging was consistently associated with academic achievement, whereas task value was associated with academic achievement in first year only. Two components of belonging (faculty understanding, classroom comfort) predicted academic achievement in first year; only one (classroom comfort) predicted academic achievement in the current year. Qualitative analysis of responses to open-ended questions identified themes in four categories as key contributors to students’ development and success: personal development, social support, course design, and university resources and opportunities. Factors related to personal development (e.g., learning to prioritize health, improving time management skills, and developing self-regulated learning skills) were identified most frequently as key components in students’ adaptation to university learning environments. Insights from this study can inform development of curricular and co-curricular strategies to better support undergraduate students’ learning and development at university.
L’oralité pour monture, et les métamorphoses du duel tradition-modernité
Authors: Woodward Servanne
Published: March 2022

Ahmadou Kourouma parlait des proverbes comme d’un cheval qui pourrait trouver son chemin de retour au bercail lorsque vous vous sentez désorienté : il faudrait alors se laisser conduire par la tradition. Le numéro s’attache aux formes de la poésie orale des chansonniers, dont Ogundare Foyanmu

Néanmoins, les messages de cette dernière prennent une nouvelle forme (la métamorphose du face à face tradition-modernité), celle d’une urgence rédemptrice en écho aux nouveau problèmes socio-économiques et écologiques. Sur un tout autre registre de la francophonie, la francophonie canadienne, et concernant la réception de Sarah Bernhardt à Montréal, il semblerait que pour des raisons identitaires, elle ait changé du tout au tout à son dernier passage dans cette ville.
Blizzard Cases in Georgia from 2014 to 2018
Authors: Pipia Mikheil , Beglarishvili Nazibrola , Ezieshvili Lizi
Published: March 2022

According to the National Environment Agency data, the cases of blizzards in the period of 2014-2018 on the territory of Georgia are discussed. The existing data on blizzards are analysed, and the distribution of climatic characteristics of blizzards on the territory of Georgia is determined. In particular, the distribution of blizzards cases, wind speed, areas, as well as the type of synoptic processes causing blizzards according to the respective regions and municipalities. Based on the studied data, a geo-information map showing the distribution of blizzards by regions on the territory of Georgia was compiled, which covers the period 2014-2018. Examples of blizzard damage in 2014-2018 on the territory of Georgia are given, which illustrates the scale of the damage caused by the snowstorm and the negative consequences.
GENERAL EPIDEMIOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF BURN RELATED INJURIES
Authors: ANDRIADZE MARIAM , CHIKHLADZE NINO , KERESELIDZE MAIA
Published: March 2022

Burn related injuries represent a significant global health problem. These injuries can be cause of high mortality and morbidity throughout the world, as well as different kinds of disabilities. More than 180,000 people die from burn injuries every year. Injuries related to burns can seriously affect patients’ quality of life. These injuries can also lead to serious psychological disorders. Despite the fact that injuries associated with burns are more common in developing countries, especially among the population with low socioeconomic status, burn injuries are widespread in the developed and high-income countries as well. The types and causes of burn injuries are correlated with age, gender, established safety standards, education levels as well as traditional customs. The habits and typical traditions established among different populations, reflect on the causation and types of burns which are widespread in that country or region. The studies conducted in different countries indicate that children are mostly exposed to the risk of getting burn injuries throughout the world. Unintentional burn injuries are one of the leading causes for childhood deaths. Due to these injuries, more than 100,000 children are hospitalized every year in the world. Hot liquid scalds are most frequent causes of pediatric burn injuries. Burn injuries can be preventable, therefore more epidemiological researches need to be conducted about this issue in order to plan preventive measures.
EFEKTIVITAS PENGELOLAAN ZAKAT SEBAGAI LANGKAH MEWUJUDKAN KESEJAHTERAAN MASYARAKAT DAN PENAGGULANGAN KEMISKINAN
Authors: Muarif Moh. Syamsul
Published: March 2022

Masalah kemiskinan merupakan hal yang seolah-olah ada dan menjadi bagian dari masyarakat. Kemiskinan merupakan salah satu indikator kesejahteraan masyarakat. Selain kemiskinan, masalah dalam masyarakat adalah kesejahteraan masyarakat. Zakat merupakan lembaga keagamaan yang bertujuan untuk meningkatkan keadilan dan kesejahteraan dalam masyarakat sehingga dapat menjadi solusi atas permasalahan kemiskinan dan kesejahteraan. Penelitian dalam esai ini dimulai dari soal seberapa efektif pengelolaan zakat dalam mewujudkan kesejahteraan masyarakat dan penanggulangan kemiskinan.

Untuk melengkapi permasalahan di atas, penelitian ini berdasarkan penggunaan studi kasus kualitatif. Data melalui wawancara, observasi, dan studi dokumentasi serta dianalisis dengan menggunakan pola pikir deduktif. Keabsahan data dalam penelitian ini meliputi kredibilitas, transferabilitas, dependabilitas, dan konfirmabilitas. Analisis dalam penelitian dalam pengumpulan data, reduksi data, penyajian data, dan penarikan kesimpulan. Objek penelitian adalah efektivitas proses pengelolaan zakat mulai dari penghimpunan, pendistribusian, dan pemberdayaan zakat dalam meningkatkan kesejahteraan masyarakat dan mengurangi kemiskinan.
SISI LAIN JAMA’AH UMROH
Authors: Ashar Salim
Published: March 2022

Agama sebagai fakta dan sejarah memiliki dimensi simbolik dan sosiologi sebagai struktur makna yang memiliki nilai abstrak tanpa memandang ruang dan waktu, umroh secara substansial memiliki nilai kemanusiaan seperti ajaran, perasaan, kewajiban menjaga jiwa, harta dan kehormatan orang lain, larangan menindas yang lemah, misalnya menanggalkan pakaian yang mereka pakai sehari-hari dan menggantinya dengan pakaian ihrom untuk menutup jurang pemisah antara si kaya dan si miskin. Itulah makna ajaran umroh untuk menyadari bahwa ia adalah makhluk sosial. Tulisan ini hanya sedikit tentang jemaah umrah untuk mengungkap sisi lain fenomena sosial dalam dimensi atribut rukun agama, status sosial.
PEMBATALAN PERKAWINAN KARENA PEMALSUAN IDENTITAS
Authors: Falah Fajri Fajrul , Rizal Faisol
Published: March 2022

Abstrak: Pembatalan perkawinan berdasarkan pada perkara nomor 0408/Pdt.G/2016/PA.Jbg) di Pengadilan Agama Jombang, dikarenakan suami melakukan pemalsuan identitas, dimana suami menggunakan identitas palsu kepada petugas pencatat nikah dengan mengaku berstatus masih perjaka padahal secara hukum masih berstatus suami perempuan lain. Pokok permasalahan yang dikaji dalam penelitian ini; pertama bagaimana pemalsuan identitas dalam hukum Islam, kedua bagaimana pertimbangan hakim terhadap putusan Perkara Nomor 0408/Pdt.G/2016/PA.Jbg.

Dalam putusan nomor 0408/Pdt.G/2016/PA.Jbg. menyimpulkan bahwa, Pembatalan perkawinan karena pemalsuan identitas menurut hukum Islam dianggap tidak sesuai dengan konsep pembatalan perkawinan karena pemalsuan identitas bukan menjadi salah satu alasan diperbolehkannya pembatalan perkawinan. Akan tetapi pembatalan perkawinan masih bisa dilakukan dengan alasan apabila tetap mempertahankan rumah tangga akan menimbulkan kemudharatan bagi rumah  tangga Termohon I dan Termohon II. Hal ini sesuai dengan konsep pembatalan perkawinan yang telah disebutkan dalam surat Al-Baqarah ayat 231, serta Pasal 27 Undang-undang perkawinan, dan Pasal 72 KHI.

Pertimbangan hukum yang digunakan hakim yaitu alasan yang diajukan oleh pemohon sesuai dengan Pasal 27 ayat (2) Undang-Undang Perkawinan, dan Pasal 72 ayat (2) ayat (1) KHI, selain itu pengajuan yang dilakukan oleh pemohon tersebut sesuai dengan Pasal 27 ayat (3) Undang-Undang Perkawinan dan Pasal 72 ayat (3) KHI., dan merujuk pada sumber lain yaitu kitab-kitab fikih.

Kata Kunci : Pembatalan Perkawinan, Pemalsuan Identitas.
Groundwater Quality Analysis of Different Villages in Two Union Councils of District Tando Muhammad Khan
Authors: Jakhrani Abdul Qayoom
Published: March 2022

The groundwater quality of different villages located in two Union Councils, namely Shah Karim Bulri and Khokhar of district Tando Muhammad Khan used for drinking purpose were analyzed. The water quality parameters checked were pH, turbidity, electrical conductivity, total dissolved salts, hardness, sodium, potassium, nitrate, fluoride, turbidity, iron and arsenic by taking fifteen samples in triplicate. Some parameters were examined using instruments and others by titration method. The obtained results were within the range as; pH from 6.6 to 7.5, turbidity 0.0-3.0 NTU, electrical conductivity 675-4030 µS/cm, total dissolved salts 432-2579 mg/l, hardness 90-860 mg/l, sodium 32-388 mg/l, potassium 0.9-18.1 mg/l, nitrate 0.18-1.24 mg/l, fluoride 0.08-0.54 mg/l, and arsenic 5.0 ppb-20 ppb. It was revealed that out of fifteen groundwater samples nine samples were unfit due to high concentration total dissolved salts and five groundwater samples were found unfit due high concentration of hardness and in one sample the concentration of arsenic was more than international standards. It was concluded from the analysis that the groundwater samples taken from AHNa-06 location is unfit for drinking purpose due to higher concentration of maximum number of examined parameters than WHO guideline values.
An Impact of the Small and Large Grid Sizes on Differential Equations
Authors: Shaikh Abdul Ghafoor
Published: March 2022

The finite difference technique is oldest numerical method to solve differential equations. Like many differential equations, Helmholtz differential equation which is used to describe many physical phenomena, has long been solved using finite difference method. can be described by Helmholtz Differential equations. The solution of the Helmholtz type differential equations is very important. The information that it belongs together because it tells one coherent story just knowing a little bit about finite differences through to how to solve differential equations an especial technique is used, how to implement finite difference method and the tool which is used as generic enough that will immediately be given a whole new differential equation. The analysis of small to moderate sized presented with the help of a few examples. The improved finite difference method is presented with examples, the method is simple, clear, and short the MatLab code is available, the improved finite difference method is suitable and easy to implement, manually as well as computationally.
Enhancing Efficiency of Organic-Inorganic Mapbi3 Perovskite Solar Cells Using 1 Sun Solar Simulator
Authors: Pirzada N.
Published: March 2022

The emerging perovskite solar cells (PSC) hold all of the qualities required for technology to become commercialized with the exception of some limitations which are hindering, especially their stability. PSCs have exhibited a remarkable improvement in efficiency from 4% to a new high of 25.5 percent in a few years in lab-scale test devices, marking the fastest performance improvement among all the PV technologies, however, their aging life reduces with an increase in efficiency. This paper reports on the production of Perovskite solar cells (PSC) employing Methyl Ammonium Lead Iodide as a light harvester to produce Perovskite solar cells, as well as their I-V response when exposed under full sun Solar Simulator.
Fluvoxamine Suppressed Oxidative Stress associated with Tissue Erosion
Authors: Abdulqader Sada W. , Faisal Ibrahim M. , Saeed M. G. , Merkhan Marwan M.
Published: March 2022

Centrally-acting drugs have been increasingly used for gastrointestinal diseases, such as opioids used for diarrhea and phenothiazine as antiemetic agents. Recent reports focused on the identification of the efficacy of these drugs in peptic ulcer protection; by tackling the oxidative stress associated with the inflammatory reaction of ulceration. The present study aimed to identify the differences between fluoxetine versus fluvoxamine in terms of antioxidant activity. To do so, an animal model of stress-induced ulcer was utilized by exposing rats to high doses of indomethacin and these rats were sub-classified into four groups (control, fluoxetine, fluvoxamine, and misoprostol) for comparison. Blood samples were collected from the studied groups and analyzed by measuring plasma levels of total antioxidant and malondialdehyde (MDA). The results confirmed that fluvoxamine possesses an antioxidant activity that is comparable to misoprostol and significantly higher than that of fluoxetine effects; the latter showed a non-significant effect in ordinary doses. In conclusion, these findings might provide a clue for future directions for the discovery of new antiulcer agents through structural modification of the newly introduced antidepressant agents in clinical use.
Stability Indicating HPLC Method Development and Validation for Simultaneous Estimation of Metformin and Empagliflozin in Bulk and Pharmaceutical Dosage Form
Authors: Pathan Mudassar Ahemadkhan , Kshirsagar Ajay
Published: March 2022

In the present work, simple, accurate and rapid stability indicating RP-HPLC method has been developed for the simultaneous estimation of Metformin and Empagliflozin in bulk and tablet dosage form. Separation of analytes was carried out on Ascentis C18 HPLC column (4.6 x 150 mm, 5 μm) using a mobile phase of 0.1% orthophosphoric acid and acetonitrile (60:40, v/v), at a flow rate of 1.0mL/min and measurement carried out at UV 260 nm. The validation parameters namely linearity, sensitivity, selectivity, specificity. robustness, precision and accuracy were determined. The peak area response-concentration curve was linear, over the concentration range of 125-750 μg/mL for Metformin and 1.25-7.50 μg/mL for Empagliflozin with quantitation limits of 4.59 μg/mL for Metformin, and 0.08 μg/mL for Empagliflozin. The proposed method was successfully validated for the determination of Metformin and Empagliflozin simultaneously in combined tablet dosage form. The performance of the present method was compared with available RP-HPLC methods and found to be rapid and economical. The proposed stability-indicating RP-HPLC method can be successfully applied to quality control and drug analysis.
The Prevalence of Psychoactive Substance use and related factors among Delta State University, Students
Authors: OC Aghoja , RO Akonoghrere , OB Edohor
Published: March 2022

The use of psychoactive substances is becoming more common in many African countries. In Nigeria, a significant portion of the national budgetary welfare funding is used for the care and recovery of individuals with drug abuse issues. The aim of this research was to determine the prevalence of psychoactive drug use and the factors that influence it among undergraduate students of Delta State University, Abraka using descriptive cross-sectional study design. For this study, a self-administered pretested questionnaire was used. The questionnaire was developed from review of relevant literature and study tools by adhering to the main aim of the study. The majority of respondents, 225(58.3%), said that they had heard of psychoactive drugs, while 42(11%) said that they had no idea what they were. Majority of the respondents got information about psychoactive substance from the media 209(54.3%). Marijuana and SK were the most common psychoactive drugs known to respondents, with frequencies of 225(58.3%) and 118(30.7%), respectively. The majority of students cited improving academic achievement as a justification for using psychoactive substances 332(86.3%). According to the findings of the survey, a greater percentage of the undergraduates who took part in the study admitted to using psychoactive drugs. The most common cause that predisposes students to drug use is the need to improve their academic performance. The research also revealed that weed and SK were the most commonly abused psychoactive drugs by undergraduates. The rate of use of psychoactive substances among university students is disturbing and needs immediate attention.
Traceability of counterfeit drugs in pharma supply chain through Blockchain Technology - A Systematic Review of the Evidence
Authors: Shetty Adithya D. , Shenoy Sandeep S. , D. Sreedhar , Shetty Ankitha , Rao Rohini , D’souza Komal Jenifer
Published: March 2022

Effectively managing the pharma supply chain is crucial in order to ensure optimal safety of drugs. Various issues pertained to pharma logistics is evident namely shortage of medicines, fake medicines, vulnerabilities in security, etc., highlights the failures in pharma supply chain and the high stakes involved in this sector in comparison to any other sector. The study incorporates the guidelines of PRISMA in order to synthesize the literature. This paper makes an honest attempt to discuss the glitches in the pharma supply chain due to faulty systems in place. It further deliberates on the need for the implementation of blockchain so as to enable a fool-proof track and trace system which goes on to avoid the occurrence of counterfeit drugs in the supply chain. This perspective highlights the opportunities that blockchain has, in the area of pharma supply chain and how vital it is for future adoption and implementation.
HPLC-MS identification of three major flavonoids in the textile dye extract from dried leaves of Anogeissus leiocarpus
Authors: Bazie Benjamin , Hema Adama , Raoul Bazié Bazoin Sylvain , Kabré Elie , Palé Eloi , Duez Pierre , Nacro Mouhoussine
Published: March 2022

The availability of scientific information useful for the orientation of artisanal and industrial tinctorial practices to ensure the protection of the environment and the health of artisans and consumers remains a major concern for a large number of actors. Qualitative, quantitative analyses and structural identifications works using spectrophotometric, chromatographic and spectral methods were carried out on the total aqueous extract from leaves of A. leiocarpus. This extract was used to dye skeins of cotton fibers. With an extraction yield of about 5 %, A. leiocarpus leaves gave a total flavonoid content of the order 458.759±27.773 mgEQ/g of dye powder. Hydrolysable and condensed tannins rates are 13.25 % and 12.96 %, respectively. The HPTLC chromatographic profile of the dye showed that the extract of the A. leiocarpus leaves contains flavonols. The elongation vibrations νO-H and νC-O respectively of alcohols and oxide ethers in infra-Red testify to the presence of flavonic-type dyeing molecules which, by the phenomenon of co-pigmentation, contribute to the final shades in tinctorial practice. High-performance liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectroscopy revealed the presence of major flavonoid molecules such as quercetin 3-O-rhamnoside, quercetin 3-O-glucuronide and kaempferol 3-O-hexoside. Tinctorial practice techniques applied to skeins of cotton fibers have resulted in shades of various colours ranging from anise to chartreuse green. In addition to being a natural acid dye, the textile dye extracted from A. leiocarpus leaves can be classified in the group of metal dyes in terms of the quality of the shades obtained with the use of mordants such as alum, hydrated iron and copper sulphates.
Studies of thermal, spectral and antibacterial activities of some inclusion complexes of 4-Thiazolidinone derivatives with β-Cyclodextrin
Authors: Dash Simanchal
Published: March 2022

2-Hydrazinobezothiazole is taken as starting material for the preparation of some compounds of 4-thazolidinone derivative. 4-Thiazolidinone and its analogous are very good pharamacophores performing wide range of biological activities. But the compounds being poor solubility in aqueous medium may be a limiting factor for decreasing their bio-accessibility. To removes the difficulties, its inclusion complexes can be prepared with β-cyclodextrin which is non-toxic oligosaccharide. The nature of inclusion complexes along with the compounds characters such as physical, spectral and thermal are discussed. The stoichiometry ratio of 1:1 between the compound and β-cyclodextrin confirmed from their aqueous phase solubility study. The existence of weak intermolecular force between 4-thiazolidinone derivatives and β-cyclodextrin can be ascertained from their thermodynamic stability constants. The antibacterial activity against the microbes like E.coli and S.aureus are susceptible to compounds of 4-thiazolidinone, and it enhances in their corresponding inclusion complexes. The stability of inclusion complex and host–guest relation can be ascertained from thermodynamic parameters along with the free energy change. Besides this, there is alternation in physical and spectral properties of compounds after formation of inclusion complexes.
Elaboration and Physicochemical characterization of a Biomaterial for Bone Substitution
Authors: O K Kribaa , L Zenkhri , A Boutarfaia , L Benamour , N Chahbaoui
Published: March 2022

Hydroxyapatite like other related calcium phosphate minerals, has been used extensively as an orthopedic implant material for many years due to its excellent biocompatibility, bone bonding ability and also due to its structural and compositional similarity to that of the mineral phase of hard tissue in human bones. Therefore, in this study, HA has been synthesized using calcium hydroxide Ca(OH)2 and di-ammonium hydrogen phosphate (NH4)2HPO4 as calcium and phosphate precursors, respectively. The hydroxyapatite powders were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, scanning electron microscope (SEM) in conjunction with energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy (EDX) and measuring of density to provide information about crystal structure, composition, functional group distribution, and morphology.
Synthesis and Antimicrobial Activity of 5[(1, 3 dioxo-1, 3 dihydro-2H- isoindol-2-yl) methyl] - 2-hyroxy benzoic acid and their Metal Complexes
Authors: Solanki M. R.
Published: March 2022

The N- hydroxyl methyl phthalimide (HMP) is one of the organic products which has tendency to react phenolic derivative. While there are number of ligands are employed for the formation of phthalimide derivatives. Hence the present work has been undertaking with following objectives. The transition metal complexes (i.e. Cu+2, Co+2, Ni+2, Zn+2, Mn+2) of ligand 5[(1,3 dioxo- 1,3 dihydro-2H-isoindol 2-yl)methyl]-2-hydroxy benzoic acid have been determined. All the metal complexes were monitored for their antimicrobial activity. The plant pathogens were employed for this purpose. The results give these conclusions. All the complexes are toxic more or less to fungi. The substitution of phenyl rings does not have more effect on the fungicidal activity of chelates but in each series, the Cu-chelates have much toxicity. This is expected because the cupper salts are mostly used as fungicides. Most of the compounds inhibit the growth of above organisms which cause decease in many plants.
Data-driven Control of General Linear Systems – Extensions of the Fundamental Lemma for Stochastic and Descriptor Settings
Authors: Faulwasser Timm
Published: March 2022

The fundamental lemma proposed by Jan Willems and co-authors in 2005 [1] is pivotal for many recent research efforts on data-driven control. It states that, under suitable assumptions, any input-output trajectory of a linear time-invariant (LTI) system can be described as a linear combination of previously recorded trajectories. Recently, there have been several extensions of the fundamental lemma, e.g., to linear-parameter varying systems and to nonlinear systems. Moreover, predictive control based on such non-parametric system descriptions is receiving substantial research interest [2,3].
In this talk, we discuss progress of data-driven predictive control with respect to LTI systems in stochastic and descriptor settings. First, we consider the question of how to extend the fundamental lemma to regular descriptor systems [4]. Subsequently, we turn to the stochastic setting. To this end, we revisit polynomial chaos expansions (PCE) of L2 random variables, the origins of which date back to Norbert Wiener [5]. We show that under mild assumptions, stochastic extensions to Willems’ fundamental lemma can be derived either in the PCE framework or relying on past realization trajectories of inputs, states, and process noise [6]. Specifically, we illustrate that the knowledge of past noise realizations allows the construction of Hankel matrices which, upon leveraging PCE representations of random variables, enable forward propagation of distributions, without knowledge of any parametric system description.
In the final part of the talk, we turn towards data-driven stochastic MPC. We show that the proposed non-parametric system description can be used in a stochastic optimal control problem. Our findings will be illustrated by examples from different applications.
Orta Ergenlik Dönemi Lise Öğrencilerinin Sportif Rekreasyon Aktivitelerine İlişkin Sağlık İnançlarının İncelenmesi
Authors: ÖNEN Musab
Published: March 2022

Bu araştırmanın amacı orta ergenlik dönemi lise öğrencilerinin rekreasyon aktivitelerine ilişkin sağlık inançlarının incelenmesidir. Bu çalışmada, araştırma verileri 2020-2021 akademik yılında Şarköy Anadolu Lisesi, Şarköy Teknik ve Endüstri Meslek Lisesi ve Şarköy Mesleki ve Teknik Anadolu Lisesi kayıtlı olan 215 lise öğrencisinden elde edilmiştir. Katılımcıların 109’u(%50,7) erkek, 106’sı(%49,3) ise kız öğrencilerden oluşmuştur. Çalışmada kullanılan veri toplama aracı iki bölümden oluşmaktadır. Araştırmanın veri toplama aracının ilk bölümü, katılımcıların demografik veri formu özelliklerini belirlemeye yönelik ifadelerden oluşan kişisel bilgi formundan, ikinci bölüm ise Ertüzün ve ark, (2014) tarafından geliştirilen sportif rekreasyonel aktivitelere ilişkin sağlık inanç ölçeğinden (SRAİSİÖ) oluşmaktadır(Ertüzün & Karaküçük, 2014). Sportif Rekreasyonel Aktivitelere İlişkin Sağlık İnanç Ölçeği; 5 alt boyuttan ve 21 maddeden oluşan likert tipi bir ölçektir. Uygulanan ölçek neticesinde elde edilen verilerin normal dağılım gösterip göstermediği çarpıklık-basıklık testi ile belirlendikten sonra değişkenlerin karşılaştırmalarında ANOVA, bağımsız örneklem t testi ve çoklu karşılaştırmalar için post hoch testlerinden scheffe çoklu karşılaştırma testi analizleri kullanılmıştır. Ölçeğin güvenilirlik sonuçları Cronbach Alpha ile değerlendirilmiştir. Doğrulayıcı faktör analizi Amos programı ile yapılmıştır. Araştırmadan elde edilen sonuçlara göre çarpıklık ve basıklık değerlerinin +2 ile -2 arası değerler alması ölçek verilerinin normal dağılım şartlarını sağladığını göstermektedir. Araştırmadan elde edilen sonuçlara göre Sportif Rekreasyon Aktivitelerine İlişkin Sağlık İnançlarının cinsiyet, ve sınıf değişkenlerine göre analizinde anlamlı farklılıklara rastlanılmamıştır. Yaş durumları açısından Sportif Rekreasyon Aktivitelerine İlişkin Sağlık İnançlarının karşılaştırılması sonucunda anlamlı farklılıklar algılanan değer ve öz etkinlik boyutlarında 15 ve 17 yaşlar arasında anlamlı farklılıklar görülmüştür. Araştırmaya katılan öğrencilerin okullarına göre Sportif Rekreasyon Aktivitelerine İlişkin Sağlık İnançlarının karşılaştırılması sonucunda anlamlı farklılıklar algılanan engeller faktöründe, Şarköy Anadolu lisesi ve Şarköy Teknik ve Endüstri Meslek Lisesi arasında ve Şarköy Mesleki ve Teknik Anadolu Lisesi ile Şarköy Teknik ve Endüstri Meslek Lisesi arasında anlamlı farklılıklar görülmüştür. Ayrıca öz etkinlik alt faktöründe Şarköy Anadolu Lisesi ile Şarköy Teknik ve Endüstri Meslek Lisesi arasında anlamlı farklılıklar görülmüştür. Fiziksel yarar alt boyutunda ailede çalışan kişi değişkeni açısından baba ve diğer seçenek arasında anlamlı farklılık görülmüştür. Bu çalışmada yapılan araştırma ile sportif rekreasyonun sağlık inancı üzerinde pozitif bir etkisinin olduğu görülmektedir.