bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Les éléments du folklore slave dans la littérature contemporaine serbe : Milorad Pavić, le Dictionnaire khazar
Authors: Bošković Sanja
Published: July 2011

Elements of Slavic Folklore in Serbian Contemporary Literature : Milorad Pavic’s Novel The Khazar Dictionary

Pavić's poetic form comprises elements of mythical perception, especially with regard to spatial logic and the use of subconscious energy. The mystification of the poetic image is, moreover, obtained by introducing elements from Slavic mythology and folklore.

In his novel The Khazar Dictionary, we note the interaction between the author' s poetic imagination and elements of Slavic mythology. His taste for ambivalence and the incertitude of the subconscious and of dreams is consistent with the nature of pagan divinities. This link is evident, notably with regard to the incorporation of figures from popular Slavic traditions into the realm of dreams. For the fantastic element of Pavić's novel derives from human fears when faced with the unexplained phenomena which the mind translates into demons and which lie buried in the subconscious as a natural heritage of human experience (archetypes). This heritage, full of the ambiguity and incertitude present in dreams, is evoked by the author who creates his own vision of a world of magical realism. Thanks to the demons, ghouls, witches, chthonian animals, ail of which constitute, according to Slavic mythology, the true reality he gives a new interpretation of this subconscious energy. The mystification of the poetic image in Pavić's novel may be interpreted as a return to the primary and essential sources of the perception of the world, which survives in folklore and popular tradition.
Littératures étrangères / littérature nationale : la Renaissance bulgare et les débats autour de la traduction littéraire
Authors: Vrinat-Nikolov Marie
Published: July 2011

Чужди литератури / родна литература : българското възраждане и споровете около превода

През XVII век във Франция се раждат т.н. «красиви неверници» в името на красотата и бистротата на френския език. Поради съвсем други причини, предимно исторически, през първата половина на XIX век в България също се въвеждат големи промени в оригиналния текст, като се отнемат цели откъси или пък се добавят собствени коментари, което в повечето случаи води до пълно побългаряване на текста, за да бъде той по-разбираем и достъпен за съвременния читател. Преводът през Възраждането трябва да изпълни една просветителна и образователна мисия, затова известни книжовници и преводачи, като Христо Ботев, Нешо Бончев или Любен Каравелов — чиито възгледи иначе често се разминават — споделят мнението, че не всеки текст е подходящ за превод, а трябва да се преведат само тези творби, които ще бъдат от полза за народа, т.е. тези творби, които поучават и повишават духовното равнище. В такьв случай важното не е самият текст, а неговото послание, независимо дали се превежда непосредствено от езика-източник или чрез няколко други езика.

Години по-късно, в зората на XX век, преводът в България ще има съвсем друга мисия — да открива най-интересните чужди модели чрез по-верен към оригинала превод, оттам и да допринася за раждането на една по-богата и по-разнообразна оригинална литература.

Настоящия труд си поставя за цел да изясни тогавашните спорове за ролята на превода във формирането на една прераждаща се литература, както и да изтъкне в какво те са сродни или се различават от подобни дискусии в други езици и култури.
Nier le totalitarisme avant qu'il vous nie... Images contemporaines des littératures tchèque et polonaise
Authors: Gautier Brigitte
Published: July 2011

“Acquainted with the Night” : The Struggle of Czech and Polish Writers with Totalitarianism

Though the literary representation of totalitarianism has become a current theme of analysis, critics have somehow neglected to study the forms of opposition to it. Still, Mikhail Bakhtin's concepts, because of his original thinking and his political disgrace, allow us to understand the essential mechanisms at work behind an intellectual refusal of totalitarian rule. The polyphony concept, that is the existence of many voices, representing diverse points of view in a narrative, might have the power to challenge the monologues of dictatorship. The laughter principle tends to introduce relativity into ail forms of hierarchy. Third, the 'chronotope' theme, namely the linking of one specific time and one specific place in a narrative, helps to escape the seemingly helpless confinement, deriving from the 'here and now' perspective.

We chose to apply the Bakhtinian concepts to the writings of some contemporary Czech and Polish authors, who demonstrated their particular resistance to the regime, such as Jan Patočka, Václav Havel, Josef Škvorecký, Zbigniew Herbert, Tadeusz Konwicki, Paweł Jasienica. Their primarily moral revolt became a literary project. It then appeared that the Bakhtinian concepts are useful in describing literary mechanisms, and asserting the existence of a reflexive conscience, the most resilient obstacle to totalitarianism, in real life as well as in literature.
Le Monde slave, première revue française consacrée aux pays slaves
Authors: Bernard Antonia
Published: July 2011

Журнал le monde slave (славянский мир).

Славянский мир — это первый журнал во Франции, занимающийся только славянскими народами, их культурой, историей и их политическими стремлениями. Вокруг этого учреждения собрались известные ученные, между ними историк Эрнест Дэни и славист Луи Лежэ. Они задумали очень амбициозный проект и объяснили его подробно в Программе, в первом номере. Цель журнала — знакомить французскую широкую публику со всеми аспектами славянского мира, который в начале часто кажется как что-то целое. Несмотря на многочисленные трудности, Славянский мир сыграл важную роль в познании разнообразия славянских народов, их прошлого и настоящего.
Josef Dobrovský et le criticisme tchèque de la fin du XIXe siècle
Authors: Servant Catherine
Published: July 2011

Josef Dobrovský and czech criticism at the end of the 19th century.

In the 1880s, the thought of Josef Dobrovský (1753-1829) has become a main reference for the linguistic, historiographie and ethical discussions of the 'realistic' scientists united around Tomáš Garrigue Masaryk (1850-1937). This acknowledgement of Dobrovský's scientific and symbolic leadership, along with a somewhat reductive interprétation of his héritage, marks an attempt to introduce in the national thought of the 19th-century Czech lands a line of criticism linking the enlightenment period to the fin de siècle radically critical orientations.
Les citations scripturaires dans la Chronique hypatienne
Authors: Mouchard Florent
Published: July 2011

Библёизмы в Ипатьевской летописи.

Изучение библеизмов в древнерусской литературе — тема особо развивающаяся в последние годы. В этом отношении обращение к такому богатому источнику (в плане так историческом, как и филологическом), как Ипатьевская летопись, представляет на наш взгляд немалый интерес. Цель статьи двояка: после краткого введения о происхождении библейских цитат (главным образом литургическом), автор питается во- первых установить функции с литературной точки зрения, принимая в качестве главного типологического критерия наличие или отсутствие вводительных формул к самому цитируемому библейскому тексту. Затем мы переходим к вопросу о том, каков главный смысл многочисленных отрывков из священного текста, находящихся в Ипатьевской летописи. Здесь следует различить два момента: а) через библейские тексты летописцы строят определенную концепцию собственно восточнославянской истории, основанную на такой схеме отношений Бога с христианским народом: благодать - грех — наказание - возобновление благодати; б) библейские тексты также служат изображению человеческих образцов, совершенных в добре или во зле: можно по ним составить определенный список пороков и добродетелей, тем самым предлагая древнерусскому читателю определенные нормы поведения. В заключении можно сказать, что исследование показало до какой степени летописцы присвоили себе не только буквальный смысл Библии, но и глубинные ее духовные ценности и структуры.
Les prépositions russes o(b) et pro : entre « objet » et « propos »
Authors: Sakhno Serguei
Published: July 2011

Русские предлоги о(б) и про : проблема семантического описания.

В конструкциях типа говорить о войне / про войну предлоги о(б) и про. кажутся полными эквивалентами, если не считать стилистической отмеченности про. Однако внимательный анализ функционирования этих предлогов показывает, что это не так. Кроме того, про. не может быть заменено на о(б) в двух видах контекстов — «цитирующем» и «меронимическом». На основании данных современных русских текстов предлагается толкование этх предлогов с целью их семантического различения.
Криминальное арго в Украине: парадоксы и закономерности языковой действительности
Authors: Berezovenko Antonina
Published: July 2011

Underworld slang in Ukraine: paradoxes and regularity in linguistic reality.

This article examines the development of underworld slang as an integral subsystém within the languages of contemporary Ukraine. Since linguistic phenomena are considered within a broad political, social and cultural context, data of a différent nature were used: especially the colloquialisms particular to the urban milieu and the mass-media on the one hand and the language used by criminals to communicate in prison on the other.

The field research focused on the following questions: What changes hâve transpired in slang since independence? What if anything will these changes tell us about contemporary Ukraine? The prisoners' attitude towards the usage of slang was also examined.
Голубая лента и голубь сизокрылый. Об истории одного «заимствования»
Authors: Nikitina Tat’jana , Roberts T L
Published: July 2011

A blue ribbon and a bluish dove. On the history of a borrowing.

The article présents a critique of the English etymological trace of the Russian word sinij [goluboj] ('gay, fag, homosexuál'), which is widely accepted by linguists and culturo- logists. The authors rather see its origin in the Soviet convict labour camp environment.
Les traducteurs face au style indirect libre (français-russe, russe-français)
Authors: Kurt Sibylle
Published: July 2011

Free indirect style in translation.

This article deals with the translation of free indirect style from French into Russian and from Russian into French. More than direct and indirect speech, free indirect speech may be corrupted in translation. Translation may cause changes in perspective, displace a given text-unit in the continuum between free indirect style and narrative and sometimes transform free indirect style into narratorial passages. These changes are caused by syntactical or lexical factors.

It is especially through the choice of verb past tenses that French translators détermine whether a given text-unit belongs to free indirect style or to narrative, and also the character of the free indirect style (more classical, or closer to direct speech) and his temporal relation (whether, for instance, anterior or simultaneous to the temporal reference point). By comparing différent versions of one work one сап observe évolution in the translation of free indirect style. For many years, Russian translators seem to hâve misunderstood French temporal conditionnel-futur du passé as a modal device. This situation improved in more récent translations, the translators seeming to have better knowledge of French grammar.
La disparition d'Ursule : contribution à l'étude des Thrènes de Jan Kochanowski
Authors: Zaremba Charles
Published: July 2011

Znikanie urszuli. Jeszcze o Trenach Jana Kochanowskiego.

Opierając się na hipotezie o chronologicznej strukturze Trenów Jana Kochanowskiego wysuniętej przed laty przez Stanisława Łempickiego, można śledzić w kolejnych trenach stopniowe znikanie Urszuli z oczu poety — i także w końcu z jego słownictwa. Trudno byłoby na podstawie Trenów namalować obraz Urszuli : najpierw opisy są bardzo dynamiczne («ukłony», «śpiew»), potem dziecko znika z pola widzenia (trumna, pogrzeb), przechodzi ze świata do zaświatów, przy czym jej nieobecność (nieopisy walność) sięga nawet radykalnego nieistnienia (tren X). Elementy wzrokowe odnoszą się już nie do dziecka, tylko do jej ubrania, do grobu. Zniknąwszy zupełnie w trenach XVII i XVIII, w których poeta kaja się przed Bogiem, Urszula pojawia się na nowo w ostatnim trenie, kiedy to Jan już się pogodził z jej śmiercią i wtedy po raz pierwszy podaje kilka szczegółów wzrokowych (lica, włosy) — ale dziecko za to trwa w milczeniu i bezruchu.
Рецепция кассирера в россии в свете некоторых особенностей русской философии
Authors: Mnich Roman
Published: July 2011

La réception d'Ernst Cassirer en Russie.

Dans cet article l'auteur analyse les problèmes de la réception des œuvres de E. Cassirer en Russie à la lumière des particularités de la philosophie russe. Il souligne les points de vue de Cassirer qui diffèrent de ceux de Heidegger. En même temps, il met l'accent sur la différence de réception de cette distinction par les philosophes russes. Le critique s'arrête sur trois étapes de la perception de Cassirer en Russie :

1) Au début du XXe siècle (L. Franck, A. Losev, O. Frejdenberg) ;

2) Au temps de l'Union soviétique ;

3) À la fin du XXe siècle.

Il est bien compréhensible que seules la première et la troisième étapes furent les plus adéquates. En même temps l'auteur fait remarquer la critique négative des traditions russes dans les œuvres de Cassirer, parues récemment en Russie.

Il prête une attention particulière à la différence de perception de Cassirer par les philosophes russes comme A. Losev et M. Baxtin.
« Блаженство не в лучах Порфира » : histoire et fonction de la tranquillité (spokojstvie) dans la pensée et la poésie russes du XVIIIe siècle, de Kantemir au sentimentalisme
Authors: Kahn Andrew
Published: July 2011

“Блаженство не в лучах порфира” : историиа и функтсииа пониатииа

« спокойствия » в русской мысли и поэзии XVIII века от Kaнтемира до сентиментализм

В данной статье затрагивается понятие «спокойствия» в истории русского Просвещения. Анализ основывается на обзоре поэтических и малоизвестных философских текстов за период от Кантемира до сентиментализма. Предполагается, что в контексте русского подхода к определению чувствительности, «спокойствие» является основной частью. В статье анализируется история возникновения этого значения, доказывая, что оно восходит к восприятию древних и развивается по мере роста философских и научных теорий, связанных с понятием чувствительности и чувственности. Предполагается, что изменения в истории восприятия «спокойствия» одновременно отражаются в поэзии и оказывают влияние на формирование лирического сюжета.
Chateaubriand et Karamzin, témoins de leur temps
Authors: Serman Il´ja Z.
Published: July 2011

Chateaubriand and Karamzin as Witnesses of Their Time

The paper compares N. M. Karamzin' s Russian Traveller's Letters (1801) with An Essay on Revolutions (London, 1797) [Essai historique, politique et moral sur les révolutions anciennes et modernes, considérées dans leurs rapports avec la révolution française de nos jours] by F. R. de Chateaubriand (London, 1797). Both works were written by the same period and are now examined from different points of view: politics, history, literature. Rather surprisingly, they have much in common: both refer to ancient Greek and Roman history in order to assess present-day events; they share the idea that the French Revolution was inescapable and remains irreversible; they reckon the French Revolution and contemporary England played a leading role; strangely enough revolutionary leaders (Cromwell, Robespierre, Marat) are highly regarded; utopian views in political matters are strictly rejected; any existing gap between the age of Enlightenment and previous periods is denied; both writers show a similar awareness of the importance of time-lag and that it had taken several century-old efforts and sufferings to build Europe as it was. While traveling around Europe (1789-1790) Karamzin discovered that freedom needed to be fought - and sacrificed for, by nations and such a painstakingly acquired freedom determines each people's achievement in civilization and its economic prosperity. As for Chateaubriand he searched a key for European history through going back to the time when the Christian religion was being spread.

The paper points out at how much both pieces of literature express a common typology. It also underlines dissimilarities between both writers (in their appraisal of contemporary England and of the role played by Christianity in European history, etc.). Later on, each author's major work (Karamzin's A History of the Russian State and Chateaubriand' s The Genius of Christianity) which young writers and poets from the two countries will abundantly feed from, emphasized divergence in ideology and arts. Whereas Chateaubriand epitomized religion as the only bastion against the reign of money-based profit, Karamzin kept confident in moderate deism and definitively rejected aesthetic apologia of Christianity.
De F. N. Murav´eva à Théone : réalité et mythe littéraire dans le sentimentalisme russe
Authors: Rossi Laura
Published: July 2011

F. N. Muravieva — Theona : Reality and a Sentimentalist Literary Myth

The article focuses on the figure of Fedos'ja Nikitična Murav'eva (1760?-1792), sister of the Russian Sentimentalist writer Mixail Murav'ev, to whom he wrote numerous letters and dedicated several literary works (addressing her as Theona). After characterizing her cultural profile on the basis of many unpublished documents, it shows how the epistolary dialogue with her influenced Murav'ev's stylistic and literary choices. It sets the problem of the psychological and culturological meaning of the brother-sister relationship and of its turning into a fact of literary significance, and makes some hypotheses about the choice of the literary name of Theona, that allows to enrich the picture of the 'feminization' of Russian literature brought about by Sentimentalism.
La temporalité de l'âme sensible dans le Voyage de Saint-Pétersbourg à Moscou
Authors: Monnier André
Published: July 2011

The Time as a Creation of the Sensibility in A. N. Radiščev’s Journey

This paper tries to show that Radiščev in his Journey does not organize the time of his narration in an objective and rational manner. In this highly sentimental book the time appears to be a creation of the traveller's feeling. The author has an obvious predilection for the temporal categories which lie outside the present, so that his hero can escape to the hard reality he watches. In spite of an apparent similarity, Radiščev's look at the future differs from an utopian vision. For him the future is mainly a shelter from surrounding world ills, which offers the hero an opportunity to lyrical effusions. So is the poetic function of the past, used by the traveller as a theme of elegiac meditation. The cyclic conception of the universe, evocated in several chapters of the Journey, unifies both of the forms of the unreal time (past and future) in an endless oscillation of the cosmic pendulum.
L'Amazone russe : les traits subversifs d'une héroïne sentimentale
Authors: Tosi Alessandra
Published: July 2011

The Russian Amazon : Subversive Features of an Early Nineteenth-Century Sentimental Heroine

This paper introduces and analyses a counter-example to the received notion of a uniformity in the portrayal of sentimental heroines in the early nineteenth century. With reference to the work of Vinogradov, Levin and Uspenskij on the phenomenon of feminization and of Kelly and Hammarberg on the formation of a 'feminine canon', I suggest that the literary image of the idealized woman is still very much in the making during the first decade of the nineteenth century.

The anonymous novel The Russian Amazon, or The Heroic Love of a Russian Woman (1809) provides an interesting example of an unconventional portrayal of a positive female character and effectively contradicts many of the staple features of the sentimental heroine. Oľga, the 'Russian amazon' of the title, is a gentlewoman whose sentimental attachments and patriotic feelings lead her away from the idyllic setting of her father's home. In order to follow her fiancé, Oľga cross-dresses as a man and joins the Russian army in the 1806-7 campaigns against Napoleon. The adventures of this unlikely sentimental heroine span from her heroic deeds in the battlefield and the hazardous libération of her fiancé from the French, to the explicit description of a string of sexual attacks that Oľga endures. In the idyllic ending the 'Russian amazon', who has eventually abandoned her combative persona, returns to the paternal home and marries her fiancé, thus fully reconciling herself with the socially acceptable role of dutiful daughter and wife.

The duality of this heroine — sentimental and adventurous — is also reflected at a stylistic level where modes typical of 'high' sentimental prose coexist with patterns borrowed from popular eighteenth-century genres, including the picaresque narrative and the novel of adventure. As this paper demonstrates, by encompassing Oľga' s warfare and erotic adventures within the framework of the idyll-type story the author attempts to graft features of this transgressive heroine onto 'the' early nineteenth-century model for cultivated prose fiction: Sentimentalism.
Вокруг нобелевской премии : М. А. Aлданов, И. А. Бунин и Шведская академия
Authors: Martchenko Tatiana
Published: July 2011

Autour du prix Nobel : Mark Aldanov, Ivan Bunin et l’académie suédoise

Ivan Bunin, qui fut le premier lauréat russe du prix Nobel de littérature, a longtemps soutenu la candidature à ce prix du romancier émigré Mark Aldanov. Des documents inédits en provenance des archives de l'Académie suédoise de Stockholm éclairent d'un jour nouveau l'histoire des relations entre les deux écrivains et permettent de saisir, à travers les rapports du comité Nobel sur le travail d'Aldanov, certains aspects de la réception de la littérature russe de l'émigration en Occident.
Prisonniers de guerre français et polonais : fraternité, expériences, témoignages
Authors: Panné Jean-Louis
Published: July 2011

French War Prisonners and Polish People : Brotherhood, Experiences, Testimonies

In 1940, a significant number of French prisoners got in touch with Polish soldiers, themselves prisoners, or with Polish civilians with whom they mixed in the 'kommandos' to which scores of them were dispersed. Those forced encounters influenced the way the two nationalises perceived each other, and the spiritual brotherhood, born under arms, lasted after the defeat. With the advance of the Soviet army, French and Polish prisoners had shared common experience. If the stories of the ex-KG returning to France were ignored, contained or scorned owing to the political and social strength of the French Communist Party, the fact remains, nevertheless, that this moment of shared history Polish and French provided a basis for the profound sympathy that links the two nations.
Prise de conscience de l'unité européenne dans la Résistance polonaise et française
Authors: Wyrwa Tadeusz
Published: July 2011

Poczucie świadomości europejskiej wspólnoty w polskim i francuskim Ruchu Oporu

Treścią tego artykułu jest przedstawienie charakterystycznych cech Ruchu Oporu zarówno narodowego jak i europejskiego, wzajemnie się przenikających, oraz ich dziedzictwa, jakie zostawili po sobie dla przyszłych pokoleń. Cel ich walki nie ograniczał się odzyskania niepodległości. Jednocześnie bowiem pragnęli przyczynić się do powojennej reorganizacji porządku międzynarodowego, to znaczy utworzenia unii europejskiej, opartej na wspólnej więzi, jaka zjednoczyła ludzi w walce podczas drugiej wojny światowej.

Na łamach konspiracyjnej prasy były wyłożone i dyskutowane idee Uniii europejskiej, jaką wyobrażano sobie, że powstanie po wojnie. W prasie polskiej i francuskiej widoczna była zbieżność co do imperatywnej potrzeby zbudowania Europy na nowej bazie. Twierdzono i słusznie, że zadanie o takim zasięgu może być osiągnięte jedynie wtedy, gdy zostanie podjęte z taką samą pasją, z jaką idee te były lansowane przez Ruch Oporu. Projekty nie były sprecyzowane, ale chodziło przecież o idee, które po wojnie winny być wcielane w czyn.

Niemniej jednak czym bliższy był koniec wojny tym bardziej realizacja tych idei była zaniechana. W efekcie tego działacze Ruchu Oporu nie stali się budowniczymi nowej Europy, ale dzięki propagowanym ideom zajmują poczesne miejsce wśród prekursorów zjednoczenia naszego kontynentu.
L'apport de témoignages à l'histoire de la Résistance polonaise en France : F2 et POWN
Authors: Ponty Janine
Published: July 2011

The Contribution of Testimonies to the History of the Polish Resistance in France : F2 and POWN

Oral testimony is one of the sources used by the XXth century historian, who compares it with other sources, in particular written accounts. In fact, like other oral sources (such as interviews and commemorative speeches), the testimony of survivors is of particular importance in view of the limited amount of released and preserved records on activities which are clandestine and secret by definition.

Two spontaneous accounts, elaborated and disclosed in 1995, were given by an ex- member of the Polish Organisation of Struggle for Independence (POWN), and by a Polish woman, a member of the F2 network, both now deceased. Presented under the form of a summary, these accounts, add a meaningful contribution to the history of the Polish resistance in France.
Le développement de la phrase nominale dans les écorces de bouleau de Novgorod : copule, auxiliaire et marque personnelle
Authors: Le Feuvre Claire
Published: July 2011

The Development of Non-Verbal Sentences in the Birchbark Letters of Novgorod : Copula, Auxiliary and Person Marker

The verb 'be', copula or auxiliary, is almost constantly absent in normal speech for the third person in Old Novgorodian. For the first and second persons, 'be' is expressed when there is no subject pronoun, absent when there is a subject pronoun. When 'be' and a subject pronoun are found together, there is a clear emphasis. This complementary distribution shows that 'be' is, as the personal pronoun, a person marker, and does not function any longer as a verb. The personal pronoun is the strongest person marker, the copula / auxiliary the weakest: the usual variant in the llth and 12th centuries is далъ есмь, виноватъ есмь (copula-auxiliary / no pronoun), and the variant а далъ, а виноватъ (pronoun / no copula-auxiliary) is used when there is an emphasis on the subject, it is the marked variant. This explains the existence of periphrastic forms ('conditional 2' or pluperfect) with the auxiliary where it should not appear. It is also argued that the development of non-verbal sentences, which is usually ascribed to Finno-Ugric influence, is in part due to this state of affairs : since non-verbal sentences did exist in Indo-European languages, this type was inherited in Slavic, but in Russian the marked variant (pronoun / no copula-auxiliary) was generalized and became the unmarked one. The internal dynamic of change seems to be an important part of this evolution, all the more so since in the Novgorod area, the substratum is Fennic, and Fennic languages, alone in the Finno-Ugric languages, have a copula and an auxiliary for compound tenses, which they acquired under the influence of neighbouring Indo-European languages: this makes it difficult to ascribe the Old Novgorodian facts to Fennic influence.
Du diable vauvert russe et de ses trois neuf terres d'origine
Authors: Imart Guy
Published: July 2011

On the Russian Fag End of the World and Its Three-Nine Native Lands

The enigmatic Russian (and Baltic) tridevjať remains until now much of a mystery.

It can be found in Eastern Slavic texts as early as the beginning of the 14th century. Most of the authors link it to another 'abnormaľ form: devjanosto and conclude that there probably existed 'an ancient reckoning system on base nine'.

However, since nothing can give evidence of it in Indo-European languages, this tridevjat looks much like a loan, or a calque. Turkic toguz (9) could, at first sight, be considered a plausible matrix for it but ultimately proves to be a mere specifier. More convincingly Nenetz - a language in which 9 is 'native ju''' and has been later replaced by 'Russian ju"' meaning 10 - could yield the clue to the enigma, suggesting that the Novgo- rodian uškujniki were those who introduced this expression further South.

Be it as it may. But this isolated numeral, strictly limited to a few idiomatic set expressions, does most probably not imply the existence of a fully fledged reckoning system on base 9.

The emphasis laid on the penultimate numbers of the two series (units and tens) rather suggests, as far as the signifier is concerned, that in civilizations with no writing system, these numbers may have played the role of an acoustic signal (warning about the near end of a series), much similar to the visual signal played by zero in civilizations based on writing.

On the whole - primitive, mnemonic counting tradition in use among tradesmen, based on 'sets' and 'wholes' rather than on isolated, listed units - but a system in which, as far as the signified is concerned, the ultimate unit - making ten - remains included into the series and completes it.
Les archétypes des cultures archaïques dans l'esthétique de l'avant-garde russe
Authors: Baïdine Valéry
Published: July 2011

Архетипы первобытных культур в эстетике русского авангарда

Анализ важнейших «креативных моделей» русского авангарда показывает, что они во многом основанны на архетипах примитивных культур, в частности, сибирского шаманства. Статья обращает внимание на совпадение многих культурных кодов архаики и модернизма (феномен, впервые получивший научную трактовку в «глубинной психологии» К. -Г. Юнга). Понятие «эстетический архетип» предполагает выявление ряда внеисторических «констант» художественного творчества. Их изучение позволяет объяснить существование как различных архаических черт в русском авангарде так и некоторых элементов архаических культур, которые можно было бы назвать «протоавангардист- скими».

В статье исследуются «архетипы творчества», наиболее активноиспользо- вавшиеся в художественной практике русского авангарда: шаманский экстаз и «птичий (заумный) язык», приемы чередования или совмещения магических и игровых элементов, карнавальный смех, эстетика шока и страха. В ней исследуются архаические корни авангардистской мифологии радикального «обновления мира» и связанной с нею идеи «созидания через разрушение». Авангард интуитивно использовал древнейшие «модели» художественного творчества, всплывшие на поверхность русской культуры из ее глубинных слоев в эпоху кризиса первых десятилетий XX века. Выдвигается предположение, что важнейшие эстетические архетипы авангарда восходят к изначальному-мифо- ритуальному комплексу архаического Нового года.
La famille et l'éducation des enfants d'après les recueils manuscrits de proverbes russes du XVIIe siècle
Authors: Puškarev Lev Nikitič
Published: July 2011

Семья, дети, их воспитание по русским рукописным пословицам XVII века

Представленный в статье паремиологический материал дает представление об отношении трудового народа России XVII-XVIII веков к семье, детям, воспитанию, обучению. Целью исследования была реконструкция народных этических и народных педагогических воззрений в период, когда за столетие резко изменилось содержание духовной жизни общества (от Московского царства XVII века к Российской империи XVIII-oro, ставшей частью европейского культурного пространства), как возникали новые оценки внутрисемейных отношений, межличностных индивидуальных связей, любви, женщины, детей, близких.
Les coutumes familiales du peuple paysan russe d'après Vladimir Dal´
Authors: Gruel-Apert Lise
Published: July 2011

The Family Customs of Russian Peasants According to Vladimir Dal´

The monumental collection of Dal´s proverbs (more than thirty thousand) poses a number of questions. First of ail, are the majority of these expressions really proverbs? Do the sayings concerning gender and familial structure (woman, husband/wife, family, marriage, etc.), describe a world as patriarchal as is often assumed? Do most of them paint a very accurate picture of the traditions practised in the ritualistic peasant society of the second half of the XIXth century?
« D'un creux d'arbre vide... » : échappées vers le paganisme
Authors: Blanchoud Catherine
Published: July 2011

“From an Empty Hole in a Tree...”: An Insight into Paganism

From the interpretation of six basic paremiae is here intended an endeavour to reconstruct the reflection in the Russian language (lexicology, etymology) and folkore (paremiae etc., but also riddles, beliefs...) of a particular aspect of paganism. Thus successively appear: an ancient desacralized deity dwelling in the sanctuary of a tree hole; the priestess in charge of his cult – a seer and a prophetess; the believers, oscillating between a state of trance and one of the major functions of the god: possession.
Les proverbes russes : statut et étude
Authors: Tarlanov Zamir Kurbanovich
Published: July 2011

Русские пословицы: статус и изучение

В статье определяется сущность и статус пословицы как самобытного феномена словесной культуры: ее принципиальные, важнейшие семантические, темпоральные, структурные и др. параметры в сравнении с единицами обычной речи и авторскими афоризмами.

Рассматривается характер и диапазон изменения ее формы и содержания.

Очерчиваются границы, разделяющие пословицы и квазипословичные формулы (поговорки, авторские афоризмы), как и то, что их объединяет.

Обозначены основные этапы собирания русских пословиц и этапы становления русской паремиологии в качестве отдельной отрасли филологического знания.
La vie du proverbe russe dans une mégapole contemporaine
Authors: Blagova Galina
Published: July 2011

Жизнь русской пословицы в условиях мегаполиса

Результаты опросного эксперимента, проведенного среди студентов различных вузов Москвы, и их анализ позволяют говорить, что информанты активно владеют не наборами отдельных пословиц, но русской пословицей в ее системном бытовании - личными пословичными фондами (ЛПФ). Самую большую часть любого из ЛПФ составляют общеупотребительные пословицы (их употребляют все информанты или большинство от 6 до 3 чел.). Специфику, которой различаются ЛПФ информантов, в сумме составляют 102 пословицы с неодинаковым разбросом по ЛПФ.

В повседневном речевом обиходе молодежи пословица продолжает свое развитие не только в многочисленных вариантах, но и в производстве новых пословиц по существующим моделям (приводятся прежде не фиксировавшиеся новые молодежные пословицы, а также варианты пословиц с корректными и некорректными заменами компонентов, в последнем случае это ведет к так называемой порче пословицы).
La parémiologie russe : une partie de l'espace linguistique et culturel européen
Authors: Mokienko Valerij M.
Published: July 2011

Russian Paremiology as a Part of European Language and Cultural Space

The article deals with the problems of connection between national and universal (resp. European) in Russian paremiology. The author stresses that the national spécifies of Russian proverbs lately tend to be overestimated by the Russicists who investigate the so called ‘linguistical conception (picture) of the worlď. The linguistical confrontation of Russian proverbs and proverbs of other languages shows, on the contrary, the quantitative and the qualitative predominance of general European proverbs compared with a small part of ‘pure’ Russian. The article shows in examples the methodics of the differentiation of the national and international, genetical and typological in Russian proverbs, which have structural and semantical parallels with European proverbs.
Ippolit Bogdanovič ou l'Avènement de la raison parémiographique
Authors: Viellard Stéphane
Published: July 2011

Ippolit Bogdanovič or the Beginning of New Paremiologic Thought

Poet Ippolit Bogdanovič (1743-1803) was considered by Soviet critics as a representant of 'official' folkloristics at Catherine the Great's time. Such a presentation has obscured for a long time the innovatory role that have played the unprecedented Russian Proverbs Collected by Ippolit Bogdanovič (SPb., 1785) in the development of Russian paremiology. As anonymous clerks in the western medieval tradition or poets of French Renaissance, Bogdanovič makes proverbs works of literature. But breaking off with the traditional alphabetical principle, Bogdanovič elaborates the principles of thematic classification and layes down the foundations of modem paremiology. The analysis of the distribution of proverbial items into the thematic sections shows that for Bogdanovič proverbs are not so much linguistic, as discursive units. It is not coincidence if V. Dal´, who criticized Bogdanovič's poetic treatment of proverbs, nevertheless does justice to his classification.
« Pošlost´ », syllogisme hégélien et proverbe : une approche parémiologique du roman de Vladimir Nabokov Rire dans la nuit
Authors: Mckenna Kevin
Published: July 2011

“Pošlost´”, Hegelian Syllogism and the Proverb: A Paremiological Approach to Vladimir Nabokov's Laughter in the Dark

First published under the title Camera obscura in the Russian émigré journal, Sovremennye zapiski (1932-1933), Nabokov's novella, Laughter in the Dark amounts to a visual as well as literał enactment of the timeless proverb, Love is Blind. This proverb sheds considerable light on an understanding of Nabokov's novella, especially in the sense of being a parable on the blindly oblivious perils and tribulations deriving from the universal and, especially, Russian phenomenon of pošlost´. If this emphasis on philistine vulgarity defines the personalities and behavior of the central characters in the novella, Nabokov can be said to weave into his story a narrative enactment of the proverb-formula with a uniquely clever design based in Hegelian syllogism. In true Nabokov fashion, Laughter in the Dark thus reveals a strange combination of paremiology, rhetoric and moralistic reflection on the comedy of the human soul.
Le regard de Xodasevič sur la survie de la littérature russe en exil
Authors: Demadre Emmanuel
Published: July 2011

Can Russian Literature in Exile Survive? Xodesevič's Answer

Vladislav Xodasevič (1886-1939) emigrated in 1922 and settled in Paris in 1925. Already a leading poet and critic when he left Russia, he became deeply concerned about the fate of Russian literature in exile, particularly about the future of the younger generation. His insistence on the necessity for young poets to acquire formal craftsmanship and to study the Russian classical heritage, and his rejection of the 'human document' as a substitute for artistic creation, have often earned him the réputation of being a conservative – yet he was one of the first to detect Nabokov's genius. In fact, he thought that Russian émigré literature should have been able not only to survive, but to find a new life by being 'authentically émigré': if it had found its unity in developing new themes and forms, then it would have fulfilled its mission of 'conservation' – the conservation of the movement of life in its constant evolution – in accordance with the great Russian tradition.
Un cas de palimpseste : sous Deux d'un coup (Amândoï) de Rebreanu, Crime et châtiment ? ou Le roman comme fabrique de l'homme
Authors: Boissau Pierre-Yves
Published: July 2011

Under Rebreanu's Both (Amândoi), Crime and punishment?

The novel Amândoi (Both), published in Romania in 1940, is to be analysed as a rewriting of Dostoevskij's Crime and punishment. Beyond puzzling détails, we acknowledge in both authors the same interrogation on man' s humanity and its limits, as well as the same affirmation of mankind: enduring mankind, in spite of its failures, and in spite of crime, which is usually supposed to deprive man of his humanity. The leader of Romanian realistic school, however, insists on the actual lack of transcendance and love in our world: lack which leads the main character, an original blending of Raskol´nikov and Sonja, to commit suicide – the same suicide of which Raskol´nikov, in the Russian novel, appeared unguilty (Svidrigajlov commit il for him). In an other way, the part played by foreign people and national identity (Russian or Romanian quality) completely changes when Rebreanu writes his Crime and Punishment. In addition to the fact that the common places of détective and crime novel are altered by this reading of the famous Russian novel, some prejudices of Dostoevskij's masterpiece are somehow corrected.
Les prélats de Russia orientalis transférés d'une chaire à une autre étaient-ils re-consacrés ? (1448-1559)
Authors: Teiro Élisabeth
Published: July 2011

Возобновлялась ли хиротония над эпископами, перемещенными с одной кафедры на другую? (1448-1589 гг.)

15 декабря 1448 г. русскими епископами на митрополичью кафедру Киевскую и всея Руси поставлен Иона Рязанский. Тем самым фактически начинается автокефалия русской Церкви. Событие это вызывает многочисленные вопросы. Среди них острая, недавно поднятая Б. А. Успенским, проблема о повторении хиротонии над епископами, возведенными на митрополичью кафедру (с 1448 г. до учреждения московского патриаршества в 1589 г. их было 8). Опираясь на статью О поставленій митрополичѣ, Слово избрано и духовную Ионы, Б. А. Успенский заключает, что повторялась хиротония над епископами, избранными в митрополиты. Принимая во внимание те же источники и тот факт, что текст О поставленіи митрополичѣ ничто иное, что описание μικρἁ σφραγίς (вступительной нелитургической части чина), автор старается показать, что возможно выдвинуть противоположную гипотезу.
Le courbe et le droit chez Mandel´štam
Authors: Weinstein Marc
Published: July 2011

Кривое и прямое у Манделштама

В настоящей статье делается попытка показать, что противопоставление кривое/прямое пронизывает всю поэзию и всю критическую прозу Мандельштама. Поскольку космос – источник шепота, который поэт-посредник только усиливает, и поскольку поэзия в свою очередь является говорением мира, эти обе сферы – мироздание и поэзия – бесконечно отсылают друг к другу и тем связываются круговой структурой. Поэтому кривизна является их общей основной чертой. Мотивы кривизны в творчестве Мандельштама бесчисленны: радуга, губы, волна, кривая улыбка, улитка, и т.д. Они передаются кривым словом, т.е. словом, которое не обозначает прямо никакого объекта, но отсылает одновременно к тысяче предметов мира, в свою очередь следующих круговой структуре, отсылая к тысяче мотивов языковой сферы, в свою очередь отсылающих к тысяче предметов мира. Таким образом, отсутствие прямо обозначенного предмета является необходимым условием кривизны поэтического слова, а отсюда вытекает, что небытие и смерть условие творческого бытия.

Мотив подковы, проходящий через всю поэзию Мандельштама, является главным символом этой диалектики: пустота между ее двумя концами обусловливает полноту поэтической дуги.
Lighting Quality and Acoustic Quality in LEED-Certified Buildings Using Occupant Evaluation
Authors: Lee Young S
Published: July 2011

Lighting quality and acoustic quality are often not well addressed in the current green building practice, including the Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design (LEED) Green Building Rating System in the US. While the level of LEED certification indicates the level of sustainability, it is not clear if a higher level of LEED certification also implies a more comfortable and productive work environment. The study intended to find the relationship between the level of LEED certification and the level of worker satisfaction and perceived job performance regarding lighting quality and acoustic quality from fifteen LEED-certified buildings. The findings indicate that the LEED Platinum building group tended to provide better lighting quality than the other lower certification groups, while the LEED Gold building group showed lower lighting quality and acoustic quality than the rest of the groups. Workplace designers and organizations should be mindful of the importance of lighting and acoustic qualities in promoting better comfort and productivity as it is easy to overlook these criteria when complying with LEED IEQ guidelines.
Comparative Analysis of Green Roof Guidelines and Standards In Europe and North America
Authors: Dvorak Bruce
Published: July 2011

The German FLL Guidelines for green roofs are designed to inform about state-of-the-art performance expectations for green roofs. North America is experiencing steady growth in the green roof market and has no single-source set of standards or guidelines; therefore there is a need to identify what type of guidance may be lacking. Seven domains of knowledge from the FLL Guidelines are compared to similar areas of content in North American documents. It was found that although there are several North American green roof guidelines in use, compared to the FLL Guidelines there are areas where knowledge is lacking: guidance for compatibility of system components, slope application, filter fabrics, root barriers, surface and subsurface drainage, growth media, and erosion control, as well as standards or postconstruction testing requirements for fabrics, bulk density of growth media, root barrier performance, drainage media, and growth media. A case study of the Chicago City Hall green roof examines its content compliance with FLL performance standards. Recommendations for further advancement of North American guidelines include the need for more collaborative research and development in efforts to advance existing and new guidelines across ecoregions.
Aia Pavilion System Interactions
Authors: Riether Gernot
Published: July 2011

This paper will discuss the assembly and construction process of the AIA pavilion, a 180sf lightweight structure in the French Quarter of the historic city of New Orleans. The paper will demonstrate how parametric software, such as Grasshopper can inform fabrication and material systems. It will explain the fabrication process of a pavilion in detail and make an argument for plastic as a material that not only responds to the malleable characteristic of digital tools but also to environmental issues.
The First Ig Domain of KIR3DL1 Contacts MHC Class I at a Secondary Site
Authors: Fu Li , Hazes Bart , Burshtyn Deborah N.
Published: July 2011

KIR3DL1 is a highly polymorphic inhibitory killer cell Ig-like receptor (KIR) implicated in resistance to viral diseases such as AIDS. KIR3DL1 contains three Ig domains and is specific for MHC class I (MHC-I) molecules belonging to the HLA-Bw4 serogroup. The receptor’s second and third Ig domains confer the Bw4 specificity, but the role of the first Ig domain (D0) in ligand recognition has remained enigmatic. We found that KIR3DL1 expressed in YTS cells and as a soluble receptor can weakly recognize additional MHC-I molecules including HLA-B*0702 and HLA-G. This interaction is highly sensitive to blocking with Abs to the MHC-I α3-domain and the anti-KIR3DL1 Ab Z27, but not the canonical blocking Ab DX9. Using chimeric receptors between KIR3DL1 and KIR2DL1 expressed on YTS cells and as soluble Fc-fusion proteins, we show that the D0 domain confers the broad functional recognition and binding as well as the reactivity with Z27. These results suggest that the presence of a second and independent site of interaction between D0 and MHC-I and that MHC-I could bridge KIR3DL1 molecules together in a manner that facilitates signaling.
Report on 2010 field activities and collection of ground thermal and active layer data in the Mackenzie Corridor completed under N.W.T. science licence #14686
Authors: Ednie M , Chartrand J , Smith S L
Published: July 2011

A summary of field activities conducted in 2010 in the Mackenzie Corridor under NWT Science License #14686 is presented. Ground thermal and active layer data acquired from permafrost monitoring sites visited in 2010 throughout the corridor are presented in
graphical and tabular format. This report will be distributed to community organizations and stakeholders in the region to provide an update on field activities. The ground thermal and active layer data presented provide essential baseline information that can be utilized by stakeholders in the
region and others for various purposes such as land management activities, regulatory processes and design of northern infrastructure.