bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Comparative analysis of chemical cross-linking mass spectrometry data indicates that protein STY residues rarely react with N-hydroxysuccinimide ester cross-linkers
Authors: Cao Yong , Liu Xin-Tong , Mao Peng-Zhi , Tarn Ching , Dong Meng-Qiu
Published: January 2023

Chemical cross-linking of proteins coupled with mass spectrometry (CXMS) has enjoyed growing popularity in biomedical research. Most CXMS experiments utilize cross-linkers based on N-hydroxysuccinimide (NHS) ester, which react selectively with the amine groups found on the free N-termini of proteins and on the side chain of lysine (K) residues. It is also reported that under certain conditions they can react with the hydroxyl groups of serine (S), threonine (T), and tyrosine (Y). Some of the popular cross-link search engines including MeroX and xiSearch set STY, in addition to K, as cross-linkable sites by default. However, to what extent NHS ester cross-linkers react with STY under the typical CXMS experimental conditions remains unclear, nor has the reliability of STY-cross-link identifications. Here, by setting amino acids with chemically inert side chains such as glycine (G), valine (V), and leucine (L) as cross-linkable sites, which serves as a negative control, we show that software-identified STY-cross-links are only as reliable as GVL-cross-links. This is true across different NHS ester cross-linkers including DSS, DSSO, and DSBU, and across different search engines including MeroX, xiSearch, and pLink. Using a published dataset originated from synthetic peptides, we demonstrate that STY-cross-links indeed have a high false discovery rate. Further analysis revealed that depending on the data and the CXMS search engine used to analyze the data, up to 65% of the STY-cross-links identified are actually K-K cross-links of the same peptide pairs, up to 61% are actually K-mono-links, and the rest tend to contain short peptides at high risk of false identification.
Assessment of Retrospective Collection of EQ-5D-5L in US Patients with COVID-19
Authors: Sun Xiaowu , Fusco Manuela Di , Puzniak Laura , Coetzer Henriette , Zamparo Joann M. , Tabak Ying P. , Cappelleri Joseph C.
Published: January 2023

Background

The impact of COVID-19 goes beyond the acute phase of infection. It is imperative to evaluate health related quality of life (HRQoL) pre-COVID-19, but there is currently no evidence of the retrospective application of the EQ-5D-5L for COVID-19 studies.

Methods

Subjects with ≥1 self-reported symptom and positive RT-PCR for SARS-CoV-2 at CVS Health US test sites were recruited between 01/31/2022-04/30/2022. On the day of enrollment which was around day 3 after testing positive, consented participants completed the EuroQol 5D-5L (EQ-5D-5L) questionnaire twice : a modified version where all the questions were past tense to retrospectively assess pre-COVID-19 baseline QoL, and the standard version in present tense to assess current HRQoL. Duncan’s new multiple range test was adopted for post analysis of variance pairwise comparisons of EQ-VAS means between problem levels for each of 5 domains. A linear mixed model was applied to check whether the relationship between EQ visual analog scale (VAS) and utility index (UI) was consistent pre-COVID-19 and during COVID-19. Matching-adjusted indirect comparison was used to compare pre-COVID-19 UI and VAS scores with those of the US population. Cohen’s d was used to quantify the magnitude of difference in means between two groups.

Results

Of 676 participants, 10.2% were age 65 or more years old, 73.2% female and 71.9% white. Diabetes was reported by 4.7% participants and hypertension by 11.2%. The pre-COVID-19 baseline mean UI was 0.924 and the mean VAS was 87.4. The estimated coefficient for the interaction of UI-by-retrospective collection indicator (0=standard prospective collection for Day 3 after COVID-19 testing, 1=retrospective for pre-COVID-19), -4.2 (SE: 3.2), P=0.197, indicates that retrospective collection does not significantly alter the relationship between EQ-VAS and UI. After adjusting for age, gender, diabetes, hypertension, and percent of mobility problems, predicted means of pre-COVID-19 baseline VAS and UI were 84.6 and 0.866, respectively. Both of these means were close to published US population norms (80.4 and 0.851) than those observed (87.4 and 0.924). After adjusting for age, gender, diabetes, and hypertension, 19.0% patients with COVID-19 had mobility problems, which was significantly lower than US population norm 25.2%, P<0.001. The calculated ES for UI and VAS were 0.15 and 0.39, respectively.

Conclusion

At a group level the retrospectively collected pre-COVID-19 EQ-5D-5L is adequate and makes it possible to directly evaluate the impact of COVID-19 on HRQoL. Future studies are encouraged that are tailored to directly compare standard prospective assessment with retrospective assessment on the EQ-5D-5L during pre-COVID-19.
The BR-body proteome contains a complex network of protein-protein and protein-RNA interactions
Authors: V. Nandana , I.W. Rathnayaka-Mudiyanselage , N.S. Muthunayake , A. Hatami , C.B. Mousseau , L.A. Ortiz-Rodríguez , J. Vaishnav , M. Collins , A. Gega , K.S. Mallikaarachchi , H. Yassine , A. Ghosh , J.S. Biteen , Y. Zhu , M.M. Champion , W.S. Childers , J.M. Schrader
Published: January 2023

Bacterial RNP bodies (BR-bodies) are non-membrane-bound structures that facilitate mRNA decay by concentrating mRNA substrates with RNase E and the associated RNA degradosome machinery. However, the full complement of proteins enriched in BR-bodies has not been defined. Here we define the protein components of BR-bodies through enrichment of the bodies followed by mass spectrometry-based proteomic analysis. We found 111 BR-body enriched proteins, including several RNA binding proteins, many of which are also recruited directly toin vitroreconstituted RNase E droplets, showing BR-bodies are more complex than previously assumed. While most BR-body enriched proteins that were tested cannot phase separate, we identified five that undergo RNA-dependent phase separationin vitro, showing other RNP condensates interface with BR-bodies. RNA degradosome protein clients are recruited more strongly to RNase E droplets than droplets of other RNP condensates, implying that client specificity is largely achieved through direct protein-protein interactions. We observe that some RNP condensates assemble with preferred directionally, suggesting that RNA may be trafficked through RNP condensates in an ordered manner to facilitate mRNA processing/decay, and that some BR-body associated proteins have the capacity to dissolve the condensate. Finally, we find that RNA dramatically stimulates the rate of RNase E phase separationin vitro, explaining the dissolution of BR-bodies after cellular mRNA depletion observed previously. Altogether, these results suggest that a complex network of protein-protein and protein-RNA interactions controls BR-body phase separation and RNA processing.

Highlights

BR-body proteomics identified 111 proteins enriched in BR-bodies.

BR-bodies associate with an interconnected network of RNP condensates.

BR-body condensation is modulated by its interaction network.

RNA is required for rapid BR-body condensation.

Graphical Abstract

Summary of the BR-body protein interactome. Lines between two protein circles represent a direct interaction.
DYRK1A Interacts with the Tuberous Sclerosis Complex and Promotes mTORC1 Activity
Authors: Wang Pinhua , Sarkar Sunayana , Zhang Menghuan , Xiao Tingting , Kong Fenhua , Zhang Zhe , Balasubramanian Deepa , Jayaram Nandan , Datta Sayantan , He Ruyu , Wu Ping , Chao Peng , Zhang Ying , Washburn Michael P. , Florens Laurence , Nagarkar-Jaiswal Sonal , Jaiswal Manish , Mohan Man
Published: January 2023

DYRK1A, a ubiquitously expressed kinase, is linked to the dominant intellectual developmental disorder, microcephaly and Down syndrome in humans. It regulates numerous cellular processes such as cell cycle, vesicle trafficking and microtubule assembly. DYRK1A is a critical regulator of organ growth; however, how it regulates organ growth is not fully understood. Here, we show that the knockdown ofDYRK1Aresults in reduced cell size, which depends on mTORC1. Using proteomic approaches, we found that DYRK1A interacts with the Tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC) proteins, namely TSC1 and TSC2, which negatively regulate mTORC1 activation. Further, we show that DYRK1A phosphorylates TSC2 at T1462, a modification known to inhibit TSC activity and promote mTORC1 activity. We also found that the reduced cell growth upon knockdown of DYRK1A can be rescued by overexpression of RHEB, an activator of mTORC1. Our findings suggest that DYRK1A inhibits TSC complex activity through inhibitory phosphorylation on TSC2, thereby promoting mTORC1 activity. Further, using theDrosophilaneuromuscular junction as a model, we show that themnb,the fly homologues ofDYRK1A, is rescued by RHEB overexpression, suggesting a conserved role ofDYRK1Ain TORC1 regulation.
Preclinical Evaluation of a Novel Single-Shot Pulsed Field Ablation System for Pulmonary Vein and Atrial Ablation
Authors: Aryana Arash , Ji Sang Yong , Hata Cary , de la Rama Alan , Nguyen Ken , Panescu Dorin
Published: January 2023

BACKGROUND

Pulsed field ablation (PFA) is a non-thermal ablative strategy that achieves cell death via electroporation. We investigated the preclinical safety and efficacy of PFA using two novel 8-French, 16-electrode spiral PFA/mapping catheters (CRC EP, Inc).

METHODS

Bipolar PFA (>1.8 kV) was performed using 30 s, single-shot, QRS-gated applications. Ninety-four atrial structures were ablated in 23 swine, 1 canine, and 1 ovine, including right and left atria and atrial appendages, pulmonary veins, and superior and inferior (IVC) vena cavae. Additionally, we examined the impact of PFA on the phrenic nerve in 14 swine and on a deviated esophagus during ablation from inside the IVC in 5 swine.

RESULTS

All applications were single-shot without repositioning the catheter. Minimal microbubbling was observed without significant skeletal muscle twitching/activation (mean acceleration: 0.05 m/s2). There was marked reduction in the post-versus pre-PFA atrial electrogram amplitude (0.17±0.21 mVvs. 1.18±1.08 mV; P<0.0001). Durable conduction block was demonstrated up to 3 months in all targeted tissues. Lesions were contiguous and transmural, measuring 25±9 mm x 21±7 mm without any thermal effects. Magnetic resonance, gross, and histologic examinations of the brain, rete mirabile and kidneys revealed no thromboembolism. No acute/long-term phrenic nerve dysfunction was encountered. Though within 2 hours of ablation, histologic examinations of the esophagus revealed acute PFA-related changes in the muscular layer, these completely resolved by 21±5 days.

CONCLUSION

A novel, single-shot, spiral PFA system is capable of safely creating large, durable atrial lesions without significant adverse effects on the phrenic nerve or the esophagus.
An efficient genotyper and star-allele caller for pharmacogenomics
Authors: Hari Ananth , Zhou Qinghui , Gonzaludo Nina , Harting John , Scott Stuart A. , Qin Xiang , Scherer Steve , Sahinalp S. Cenk , Numanagić Ibrahim
Published: January 2023

High-throughput sequencing provides sufficient means for determining genotypes of clinically important pharmacogenes that can be used to tailor medical decisions to individual patients. However, pharmacogene genotyping, also known as star-allele calling, is a challenging problem that requires accurate copy number calling, structural variation identification, variant calling, and phasing within each pharmacogene copy present in the sample. Here we introduce Aldy 4, a fast and efficient tool for genotyping pharmacogenes that uses combinatorial optimization for accurate star-allele calling across different sequencing technologies. Aldy 4 adds support for long reads and uses a novel phasing model and improved copy number and variant calling models. We compare Aldy 4 against the current state-of-the-art star-allele callers on a large and diverse set of samples and genes sequenced by various sequencing technologies, such as whole-genome and targeted Illumina sequencing, barcoded 10x Genomics, and Pacific Biosciences (PacBio) HiFi. We show that Aldy 4 is the most accurate star-allele caller with near-perfect accuracy in all evaluated contexts, and hope that Aldy remains an invaluable tool in the clinical toolbox even with the advent of long-read sequencing technologies.
Use of electron backscatter diffraction patterns to determine the crystal lattice. Part 1. Where is the Bragg angle?
Authors: Nolze Gert , Tokarski Tomasz , Rychłowski Łukasz
Published: January 2023

The derivation of a crystal structure and its phase-specific parameters from a single wide-angle backscattered Kikuchi diffraction pattern requires reliable extraction of the Bragg angles. By means of the first derivative of the lattice profile, an attempt is made to determine fully automatically and reproducibly the band widths in simulated Kikuchi patterns. Even under such ideal conditions (projection centre, wavelength and lattice plane traces are perfectly known), this leads to a lattice parameter distribution whose mean shows a linear offset that correlates with the mean atomic number
Z
of the pattern-forming phase. The consideration of as many Kikuchi bands as possible reduces the errors that typically occur if only a single band is analysed. On the other hand, the width of the resulting distribution is such that higher image resolution of diffraction patterns, employing longer wavelengths to produce wider bands or the use of higher interference orders is less advantageous than commonly assumed.
Organic–inorganic hybrid hexachloridostannate(IV) with 2-methylimidazo[1,5-a]pyridin-2-ium cation
Authors: Vassilyeva Olga Yu. , Buvaylo Elena A. , Kokozay Vladimir N. , Sobolev Alexandre N.
Published: January 2023

The hybrid salt bis(2-methylimidazo[1,5-a]pyridin-2-ium) hexachloridostannate(IV), (C8H9N2)2[SnCl6], crystallizes in the monoclinic space group P21/n with the asymmetric unit containing an Sn0.5Cl3 fragment (Sn site symmetry \overline{1}) and one organic cation. The five- and six-membered rings in the cation are nearly coplanar; bond lengths in the pyridinium ring of the fused core are as expected; the C—N/C bond distances in the imidazolium entity fall in the range 1.337 (5)–1.401 (5) Å. The octahedral SnCl6
2– dianion is almost undistorted with the Sn–Cl distances varying from 2.4255 (9) to 2.4881 (8) Å and the cis Cl—Sn—Cl angles approaching 90°. In the crystal, π-stacked chains of cations and loosely packed SnCl6
2– dianions form separate sheets alternating parallel to (101). Most of the numerous C—H...Cl—Sn contacts between the organic and inorganic counterparts with the H...Cl distances above the van der Waals contact limit of 2.85 Å are considered a result of crystal packing.
Impact of ultrasonic vibration power and tool pin profile on mechanical and microstructural behaviour of friction stir welded dissimilar aluminium alloy joints
Authors: K.P. Yuvaraj , J. Joshua Gnana Sekaran , A. Shanmugam
Published: January 2023

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to investigate the impact of ultrasonic vibration (UV) and tool pin profile on mechanical properties and microstructural behaviour of AA7075-T651 and AA6061-T6 joints was analysed.

Design/methodology/approach

The joints were fabricated using three different tool pin profiles such as cylindrical, square and triangle. For each tool pin profile, two different UV powers of 1.5 kW and 2 kW were used.

Findings

On both the advancing and retreating sides of the weld, the thermo-mechanically affected zone has the lowest microhardness. In all joints, the tensile fracture locations match to the minimum hardness values. Field emission scanning electron microscope fractography of tensile tested specimens reveals heterogeneous modes of brittle, shear and ductile fracture. Three-point bending analysis was performed to determine the ductility and soundness of the weld joint. The acoustic softening effect of UV, as well as the static and dynamic ratio of tool pin profile, plays an important role in determining the material flow and mechanical behaviour of the joint.

Practical implications

Dissimilar aluminium joining fascinates many applications like aircraft, aerospace, automobiles, ship building and electronics, where fusion welding is a very intricate process because of the deviation in its physical and chemical properties.

Originality/value

From this study investigation, it is found that the square pin profiled tool with 2 kW UV power produces metallurgical defect-free and mechanically sound weld with maximum tensile strength, hardness and bending load of 297 MPa, 151HV and 3.82 kN, respectively.
Architectural pedagogy for the Anthropocene: theory, critique and typological urbanism
Authors: McEwan Cameron
Published: January 2023

Purpose

The aim of this article is to develop an architectural pedagogy for the Anthropocene. The author reflect on a project within a postgraduate architectural theory module to address the following questions: How can architectural pedagogy articulate critical modes of production that contribute to quality education in the time of the Anthropocene? What are the ideas, values and practices needed?

Design/methodology/approach

The method employed is close reading of texts focussed on three areas: critical theory and pedagogy, political theory and the Anthropocene, and architectural theory and typological urbanism. These theoretical narratives are placed in dialogue with a reflection on a design research pedagogical project. The theoretical narratives and design research project seek to articulate the multidimensionality of critical education. The methodology enacted in the paper performs the pedagogy of the classroom.

Findings

The study yields compelling conclusions regarding the potential for rethinking the idea of typology under the pressure of the Anthropocene and of critical pedagogy combined with design research to take positions on urgent political and social matters. The author concludes with a toolkit of concepts, values and knowledge practices.

Originality/value

At a time when disciplines tend towards discrete specialisation, while the need for knowledge production is ever more transdisciplinary, this paper develops inventive techniques and conceptual frameworks for supporting approaches where different fields and ideas make contact as a collective task in the era of the Anthropocene. It updates theories of typology to address contemporary pressures.
Digital data sets management in university libraries: challenges and opportunities
Authors: Shah Naimat Ullah , Naeem Salman Bin , Bhatti Robina
Published: January 2023

Purpose

The study aims to identify the prospects and challenges associated with current practices regarding digital data sets management in university libraries in Pakistan.

Design/methodology/approach

A cross-sectional survey approach was used to collect the data from library and information science (LIS) professionals working in public sector university libraries in Pakistan. A four-part questionnaire was used to collect the data from the respondents. The collected data from 371 participants were analyzed using a statistical package for social sciences (SPSS-24 version) and analysis of moment structure (AMOS-24).

Findings

LIS professionals are better placed to support digital data management practices, such as finding, collecting, assessing and analyzing digital data sets and making digital data publicly discoverable and accessible via open access. In spite of this, a lack of leadership support, interest and cooperation among university departments and the absence of a data management plan, policies and procedures were reported as significant challenges.

Practical implications

To meet the needs of data users, LIS professionals must become knowledgeable about managing and reusing digital data sets. Due to the demands of the information society, university librarians need to learn about data-centric practices that can enhance research outputs and provide new insights.

Originality/value

This research paper is extracted from a PhD dissertation to present a contemporary picture of library data management services and the challenges LIS professionals face to provide possible solutions.
Blockchain and the carbon credit ecosystem: sustainable management of the supply chain
Authors: Basu Preetam , Deb Palash , Singh Akhilesh
Published: January 2023

Purpose

Businesses must now track the complicated supply chains of their products, which involve different manufacturers and suppliers. However, because supply chains are scattered across multiple countries and involve many institutions, it becomes an overwhelming practical challenge to ensure transparent recording and reporting of greenhouse gas emissions. The myriad issues necessitate a technological solution that will improve supply chain transparency, assist in managing carbon assets and allow all parties to obtain credible information on carbon output. As a potential solution, this study offers a unique architecture that effectively combines “blockchain technology” with the carbon supply chain of a multi-institution business network.

Design/methodology/approach

This research and proposed framework are based on publicly available reports on carbon emissions tracking, sustainability, carbon trade and emerging blockchain technologies. The authors also interviewed industry experts to obtain their input and feedback.

Findings

Businesses must support the pledges made by their respective governments towards meeting the objectives of the Paris Agreement. Although the emissions trading system encourages businesses to move in this direction, it can be challenging for them to efficiently manage their carbon assets owing to issues such as lack of standardised methods for tracking emissions across suppliers and manufacturers and the fragmentation of carbon markets. The carbon supply chain can maintain a record of the chronological flow of carbon emissions and eventually of all carbon assets by integrating a centralised ledger system based on blockchain technology.

Originality/value

Global warming, climate change and carbon emissions are among humanity’s pressing problems today. To achieve net zero emissions by the middle of the 21st century, emissions must be drastically reduced. Global supply chains have a crucial role to play in this context. This article provides a blockchain-based technology framework for carbon emissions visibility and tracking. The authors believe such a platform will provide critical visibility and tracking support to globally dispersed supply chains, moving a step closer towards carbon emissions control and net zero operations.
Knowledge management in museums: enhancing organizational performance and public value
Authors: Vakharia Neville , Poole Alex H.
Published: January 2023

Purpose

This study examines the enabling factors and practices that foster knowledge management in museums and the impact of those factors and practices on museums' performance and public value.

Design/methodology/approach

The authors conducted an exploratory survey of senior leaders of 191 small and mid-sized museums in the United States. The survey tested a novel conceptual model that integrates the constructs of knowledge management enablers, knowledge management orientation and organizational performance. Descriptive and inferential statistical analyses of survey data were conducted to identify both the presence and dimensions of these constructs as well as the nature of the relationships among them.

Findings

The results of this study identified strong and significant predictive relationships between the constructs of its novel conceptual model. However, findings also identified key gaps in how museums create, manage and share organizational knowledge. These gaps limit their organizational performance and their ability to create public value. The authors identify specific factors and practices that enable museums to improve their organizational performance and increase their public value.

Originality/value

As the first empirical study of knowledge management enablers and knowledge management orientation in museums, this research not only adapts the study of these constructs to the museum sector, but it develops a novel conceptual model that links these constructs to multiple dimensions of a museum's organizational performance and public value. This research sets the stage for new study of knowledge management in museums; it also provides valuable insights for museum leaders.
The effect of key audit matters on the audit report lag: evidence from Jordan
Authors: Abdullatif Modar , Alzebdieh Rami , Ballour Saeed
Published: January 2023

Purpose

This paper aims to explore the potential effect of key audit matters (KAM) on the audit report lag (ARL). In particular, it aims to discover whether the number of KAMs reported by an audit firm in Jordan is related to the length of its ARL.

Design/methodology/approach

The authors analysed data from the first three years of KAM reporting in Jordan (2017–2019) for 194 public listed Jordanian companies to examine the relation between the number of KAMs and the ARL, taking into account several control variables related to the Jordanian context.

Findings

This study found that there is no statistically significant relation between the number of KAMs reported by Jordanian audit firms and their ARLs, suggesting that the KAM reporting in Jordan is somewhat superficial, with the selection of what is actually reported as a KAM not directly related to the efforts needed to deal with its concerns. However, this study also found statistically significant positive relations between the ARL and each of audit fees, audit firm size, the issuance of a qualified audit opinion and company leverage and a statistically significant negative relation between the ARL and company profitability.

Originality/value

This is one of the very few studies to cover the potential relation between KAM reporting and the ARL. In a developing country context characterised by limited demand for an external audit of high quality, this study finds that auditors may decouple on their reporting of KAMs by not actually making significant efforts to deal with them.
Determinants of efficient last-mile delivery: evidence from health facilities and Kaduna Health Supplies Management Agency
Authors: Miko Nuraddeen Usman , Abbas Usman
Published: January 2023

Purpose

Africa has been identified as an area where higher mortality happens due to un-accessibility to health care, drugs and other health facilities. Nigeria, as one of the African countries, is not excluded from such difficulties. This study aims to examine the determinants of efficient last-mile delivery at selected health facilities and the Kaduna State Health Supplies Management Agency (KADSHMA).

Design/methodology/approach

The study sourced data from KADSHMA and the health facilities’ staff, with a total of 261 observations used. Likewise, the respondents were picked from warehouses of each health facility and KADSHMA. The data was analysed using the partial least square structural equation modelling analysis to estimate the relationship among the variables of the study.

Findings

The study’s findings revealed that all five variables of the study (i.e. determinants) were significantly affecting the efficient last-mile delivery. Four constructs (delivery cost [DC], delivery time [DT], mode of delivery [MD] and facilities technology [FT]) have shown a positive and significant association with efficient last-mile delivery, whereas one variable (product mix [PM]) indicated a negative and significant association with efficient last-mile delivery. The study concludes that DC, DT, MD, FT and PM played significant roles in efficient last-mile delivery.

Research limitations/implications

The study provides that specific means of transportation should always be on standby to transport health supplies. Time schedules should always be prepared and adhered to when transporting health supplies to the facilities, and each facility should network with robust technology to ease communication in terms of order and order planning. Additionally, facilities should try as much as possible to reduce the varieties of products when ordering health supplies, as it will increase the efficiency of the delivery.

Originality/value

To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this study is the first of its kind that considered these five variables (DC, DT, MD, FT and PM) with impact on the last-mile delivery in one model, especially in the Nigerian case. This is a great contribution to knowledge, more importantly, to the last-mile delivery of the health sector. The result confirmed the importance of these determinants (DC, DT, FT and PM) of last-mile delivery efficiency in saving lives.
A model of changing of charge carriers mobility value in an implanted-junction rectifier under influence of mismatch-induced stress
Authors: Pankratov Evgeny L.
Published: January 2023

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is (1) to analyze the dependence of charge carriers mobility in an implanted-junction heterorectifier on mismatch-induced stress and (2) to elaborate an analytical approach for analysis of mass transfer with the possibility to take into account changing of parameters of mass transport in space and time at one time as well as nonlinearity of the considered transfer.

Design/methodology/approach

In this paper, the author analyzed charge carriers mobility changing in an implanted-junction heterorectifier under the influence of mismatch-induced stress. The author introduced a model to describe the considered changing of carriers mobility. Based on the analysis of the model, the author formulated conditions (1) to decrease and to increase of the mobility under influence of the stress; and (2) the author analyzed the possibility to control of mismatch-induced stress by radiation processing of materials of the considered multilayer structure. The author also introduced an analytical approach for analysis of mass transfer. The approach gives a possibility to take into account changing of parameters of mass transport in space and time at one time as well as nonlinearity of the considered transfer.

Findings

Findings dependence of charge carriers mobility in an implanted-junction heterorectifier on mismatch-induced stress. Also the author finds an analytical approach for analysis of mass transfer. The approach gives a possibility to take into account changing of parameters of mass transport in space and time at one time as well as nonlinearity of the considered transfer.

Originality/value

All results of this paper are original.
Understanding equity sensitivity through the lens of personality: a review of associations and underlying nature
Authors: Tuli Nikhita , Shrivastava Kunal , Khattar Disha
Published: January 2023

Purpose

This study aims to clarify the ambiguous nature of equity sensitivity and understand the associations between equity perceptions and the personality domain in organizational behaviour.

Design/methodology/approach

The study reviews 56 articles that rendered associations between different HEXACO personality domains and equity sensitivity and proposed a possibility of equity sensitivity being a situation-activated trait.

Findings

The domains of Honesty-humility, Conscientiousness and Agreeableness are predominantly associated with equity sensitivity. The domain of Emotionality is also associated but not as significant as the aforementioned domains. Unexpectedly, Extraversion, the domain of social interactions, and Openness to experience showed little to no associations. The transient nature of equity sensitivity has been proposed that postulates that such nature might help predict an individual’s personality characteristics in a given context.

Originality/value

This review is one of the first, to the best of the authors’ knowledge, to describe the associations between equity sensitivity and the HEXACO personality domains. Additionally, the situational nature of equity sensitivity and relationship with the personality traits is proposed.
RETHINKING THE RESEARCH FUNDING PROCESS: An Indian Perspective
Authors: Sami Neha
Published: January 2023

In this paper I focus on the substantial research funding cuts announced by UK Research and Innovation (UKRI) in March 2021 to examine the process of funding for and participation in global research projects for researchers based in Southern institutions. I focus here on three key aspects of participating in global research projects: first, the structures through which these grants are created—the programmatic frameworks or other imperatives that confine and limit this work to Northern/Western‐centric frames; secondly, the precarity of these grants and the work that they generate; and, thirdly, the increasingly output‐related and time‐bound nature of work in light of limited support. I argue that the effects of these are felt disproportionately by those located in the global South and are therefore worth considering as part of larger debates centred on democratizing and decolonizing knowledge networks.
50 years of ‘active management of labour’ is enough
Authors: Hofmeyr G. J.
Published: January 2023

Linked article: This is a mini commentary on Steer et al., pp.636–642 in this issue. To view this article visit https://doi.org/10.1111/1471-0528.17376.
Risk for adverse maternal outcomes among women with chronic hypertension
Authors: Yang Lanbo , Friedman Alexander M. , Krenitsky Nicole M. , Wen Timothy , D'Alton Mary E. , Wright Jason D. , Booker Whitney , Huang Yongmei
Published: January 2023

Objective

To determine whether longitudinal health data accounts for end‐organ injury or death in the setting of chronic hypertension.

Design

Cohort of 64 799 deliveries to 61 854 women.

Setting

US claims data for the preiod 2008–2019.

Population

Women with a delivery hospitalisation and chronic hypertension.

Methods

Risk for a composite of acute end‐organ injury or death during the delivery hospitalisation and 30 days postpartum was analysed. Adjusted logistic regression models were derived with discrimination for each model estimated by the C‐statistic. Poisson regression was used to estimate adjusted risk ratios. Starting with models using data from pregnancy, further adjustment was performed accounting for healthcare use in the year prior to pregnancy, including hospitalisations, emergency department encounters, prescription medications and pre‐pregnancy diagnoses.

Main outcome measures

Acute end‐organ injury or death.

Results

The composite outcome occurred among 5.7% of 64 799 deliveries. For patients with commercial insurance, filling non‐hypertensive medications from ≥11 different classes, compared with none (adjusted risk ratio, aRR 4.07, 95% CI 2.86–5.79), three or more hospitalisations before pregnancy, compared with none (aRR 4.75, 95% CI 3.46–6.52), and chronic kidney disease diagnosed in the year before pregnancy (aRR 2.35, 95% CI 1.88, 2.94) were associated with increased risk. For pregnancies covered by commercial insurance, the C‐statistic increased from 0.615 (95% CI 0.599–0.630) in the model with pregnancy data only to 0.796 (95% CI 0.783–0.808) for the model additionally including healthcare use in the year before pregnancy. Findings with Medicaid were similar.

Conclusions

Prepregnancy care use predicted adverse maternal outcomes. These data may be important in risk stratification.
The accuracy of cell‐free DNA screening for fetal segmental copy number variants: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Raymond Yvette C. , Acreman Melissa L. , Bussolaro Sofia , Mol Ben W. , Fernando Shavi , Menezes Melody , Da Silva Costa Fabricio , Fantasia Ilaria , Rolnik Daniel Lorber
Published: January 2023

Background

The performance of cell‐free DNA (cfDNA) screening for microscopic copy number variants (CNVs) is unclear.

Objectives

This was a systematic review and meta‐analysis to investigate the sensitivity, specificity and positive predictive value (PPV) of cfDNA screening for CNVs.

Search Strategy

Articles published in EMBASE, PubMed or Web of Science before November 2022 were screened for inclusion. This protocol was registered with PROSPERO (23 March 2021, CRD42021250849) prior to initiation.

Selection Criteria

Articles published in English, detailing diagnostic outcomes for at least 10 high‐risk CNV results with cfDNA were considered for inclusion.

Data Collection and Analysis

The PPV was calculated and pooled with random‐effects models for double‐arcsine transformed proportions, using cases with diagnostic confirmation. Overall sensitivity, specificity and a summary receiver‐operating characteristics (ROC) curve were calculated using bivariate models. The risk of bias was assessed using QUADAS‐2.

Main Results

In all, 63 articles were included in the final analysis, detailing 1 591 459 cfDNA results. The pooled PPV was 37.5% (95% confidence interval [CI] 30.6–44.8), with substantial statistical heterogeneity (I2 = 93.9%). Bivariate meta‐analysis estimated sensitivity and specificity to be 77.4% (95% CI 65.7–86.0) and 99.4% (95% CI 98.0–99.8), respectively, with an area under the summary ROC curve of 0.947 (95% CI 0.776–0.984).

Conclusions

Approximately one‐third of women who screen high‐risk for CNVs with cfDNA will have an affected fetus. This value is of importance for screening counselling.
Interventions, outcomes and outcome measurement instruments in stillbirth care research: A systematic review to inform the development of a core outcome set
Authors: Bakhbakhi Danya , Siassakos Dimitrios , Davies Anna , Merriel Abi , Barnard Katie , Stead Emma , Shakespeare Clare , Duffy James M. N. , Hinton Lisa , McDowell Karolina , Lyons Anna , Fraser Abigail , Burden Christy ,   iCHOOSE Collaborative Group
Published: January 2023

Background

A core outcome set could address inconsistent outcome reporting and improve evidence for stillbirth care research, which have been identified as an important research priority.

Objectives

To identify outcomes and outcome measurement instruments reported by studies evaluating interventions after the diagnosis of a stillbirth.

Search strategy

Amed, BNI, CINAHL, ClinicalTrials.gov, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, Embase, MEDLINE, PsycINFO, and WHO ICTRP from 1998 to August 2021.

Selection criteria

Randomised and non‐randomised comparative or non‐comparative studies reporting a stillbirth care intervention.

Data collection and analysis

Interventions, outcomes reported, definitions and outcome measurement tools were extracted.

Main results

Forty randomised and 200 non‐randomised studies were included. Fifty‐eight different interventions were reported, labour and birth care (52 studies), hospital bereavement care (28 studies), clinical investigations (116 studies), care in a multiple pregnancy (2 studies), psychosocial support (28 studies) and care in a subsequent pregnancy (14 studies). A total of 391 unique outcomes were reported and organised into 14 outcome domains: labour and birth; postpartum; delivery of care; investigations; multiple pregnancy; mental health; emotional functioning; grief and bereavement; social functioning; relationship; whole person; subsequent pregnancy; subsequent children and siblings and economic. A total of 242 outcome measurement instruments were used, with 0–22 tools per outcome.

Conclusions

Heterogeneity in outcome reporting, outcome definition and measurement tools in care after stillbirth exists. Considerable research gaps on specific intervention types in stillbirth care were identified. A core outcome set is needed to standardise outcome collection and reporting for stillbirth care research.
Long‐term quality of life after obstetric intensive care unit admission: A cross‐sectional cohort study
Authors: Ramlakhan Karishma P. , van der Zande Johanna A. , Roos‐Hesselink Jolien W. , Franx Arie , Cornette Jérôme
Published: January 2023

Objective

To assess the long‐term quality of life (QoL) after obstetric Intensive Care Unit (ICU) admission.

Design

Cross‐sectional survey study.

Setting

Tertiary care centre.

Population

Women admitted to the level 3 ICU during pregnancy or ≤6 weeks postpartum, between 2000 and 2015.

Methods

Quality of life measures were compared with the population reference values. Associations with baseline ICU parameters were assessed with multivariable linear regression. Patient‐reported outcome and experience measures (PROMs/PREMs) were described.

Main Outcome Measures

Quality of life according to the Linear Analogous Scale (LAS), the Satisfaction with Life Scale (SWLS) and the SF‐36 questionnaire; PROMs/PREMs using the Pregnancy and Childbirth outcome set of the International Consortium for Health Outcomes Measurement.

Results

Of all 265 obstetric ICU admissions, 230 were eligible and 94 (41%) were included (median follow‐up time 14 years). The LAS (75.7 versus 78.7, p = 0.077) and SWLS (25.2 versus 26, p = 0.176) sum scores were not different from the population reference values. The SF‐36 subdomains bodily pain (55.3 versus 73.9), general health (58.2 versus 73.9) and vitality (56.9 versus 69.1) were lower than the reference values (all p < 0.001). PROMs/PREMs were low in 46.2% for pain, 15.1% for depression, 11.8% for satisfaction with care and 52.7% for healthcare responsiveness. An indirect obstetric ICU admission diagnosis was independently associated with a reduced physical health score (B −1.7, 95% confidence interval [CI] −3.4 to −0.1) and severe neonatal morbidity with a reduced mental health score (B −6.6, 95% CI −11.3 to −1.8).

Conclusion

Obstetric ICU admission is associated with reductions in long‐term physical health QoL and in some patients with mental health QoL. We suggest multidisciplinary rehabilitation and long‐term psychosocial support.
Interviews with children and adolescents with epilepsy or asthma about the situation of their healthy siblings
Authors: Charisius Mathilda , Jeschke Sarah , Lange Sarah , Bertsche Thilo , Ballmann Manfred , Neininger Martina P. , Bertsche Astrid
Published: January 2023

Aim

Chronic conditions can influence the situation of healthy siblings of affected children. We investigated the opinion of the affected child about the situation of their healthy sibling and the sibling relationship.

Methods

We performed a semi‐structured interview with epilepsy or asthma patients aged 6–18 years and asked them to draw a picture: “Epilepsy/Asthma, my siblings and me.”

Results

Of the 58 children with epilepsy, 67%, and of the 40 children with asthma, 60% thought that their siblings were worried about the condition. Among other aspects, they addressed helplessness during a seizure. Of the children with epilepsy, 83% and of those with asthma, 95% assumed that their siblings were not disadvantaged because of the participant's condition. Of the patients with epilepsy, 91% and of those with asthma, 93% thought that the sibling relationship would not be different without the condition. Of the participants with epilepsy, 86% and of those with asthma, 93% drew a picture; 30% with epilepsy and 14% with asthma visualised an interaction with their siblings in context of a seizure or episode of dyspnoea.

Conclusion

According to the affected children, the condition worries their siblings but does not affect the siblings' lives or the sibling relationship.
How do Humans Overcome Individual Computational Limitations by Working Together?
Authors: Vélez Natalia , Christian Brian , Hardy Mathew , Thompson Bill D. , Griffiths Thomas L.
Published: January 2023

Since the cognitive revolution, psychologists have developed formal theories of cognition by thinking about the mind as a computer. However, this metaphor is typically applied to individual minds. Humans rarely think alone; compared to other animals, humans are curiously dependent on stores of culturally transmitted skills and knowledge, and we are particularly good at collaborating with others. Rather than picturing the human mind as an isolated computer, we can imagine each mind as a node in a vast distributed system. Viewing human cognition through the lens of distributed systems motivates new questions about how humans share computation, when it makes sense to do so, and how we can build institutions to facilitate collaboration.
Integrating Categorization and Decision‐Making
Authors: Zheng Rong , Busemeyer Jerome R. , Nosofsky Robert M.
Published: January 2023

Though individual categorization or decision processes have been studied separately in many previous investigations, few studies have investigated how they interact by using a two‐stage task of first categorizing and then deciding. To address this issue, we investigated a categorization‐decision task in two experiments. In both, participants were shown six faces varying in width, first asked to categorize the faces, and then decide a course of action for each face. Each experiment was designed to include three groups, and for each group, we manipulated the probabilistic contingencies between stimulus, category assignments, and decision consequences. For each group, each participant received three different sequences of category response, category feedback, decision response, and decision feedback. We found that participants were only partially responsive in the appropriate directions to the contingencies assigned to each group. Comparisons of results from different sequences provided evidence for empirical interference effects of categorization on decisions. The empirical interference effect is defined as the difference between the probability of taking a hostile action in decision‐alone conditions and the total probability of taking a hostile action in categorization‐decision conditions. To test competing accounts for multiple empirical results, including two‐stage choice probabilities and empirical interference effects, we compared a quantum cognition model versus a two‐stage exemplar categorization model at both aggregate and individual levels. Using a Bayesian information criterion, we found that the quantum model provided an overall better model fit than the exemplar model. Although both models predicted empirical interference effects, the exemplar model was able to generate probabilistic deviation by incorporating category information of the first stage into the feature representation of the subsequent decision stage, while the quantum model produced interference effect by superposition, measurement, and quantum entanglement.
Resting‐state brain signal complexity discriminates young healthy APOE e4 carriers from non‐e4 carriers
Authors: Li Xiaojing , Kaur Yadwinder , Wilhelm Oliver , Reuter Martin , Montag Christian , Sommer Werner , Zhou Changsong , Hildebrandt Andrea
Published: January 2023

It is well established that the e4 allele of the APOE gene is associated with impaired brain functionality and cognitive decline in humans at elder age. However, it is controversial whether and how the APOE e4 allele is associated with superior brain function among young healthy individuals, thus indicates a case of antagonistic pleiotropy of APOE e4 allele. Signal complexity is a critical aspect of brain activity that has been associated with brain function. In this study, the multiscale entropy (MSE) of resting‐state EEG signals among a sample of young healthy adults (N = 260) as an indicator of brain signal complexity was investigated. It was of interest whether MSE differs across APOE genotype groups while age and education level were controlled for and whether the APOE genotype effect on MSE interacts with MSE time scale, as well as EEG recording condition. Results of linear mixed models indicate overall larger MSE in APOE e4 carriers. This genotype‐dependent difference is larger at high as compared with low time scales. The interaction effect between APOE genotype and recording condition indicates increased between‐state MSE change in young healthy APOE e4 carriers as compared with non‐carriers. Because higher complexity is commonly taken to be associated with better cognitive functioning, the present results complement previous findings and therefore point to a pleiotropic spectrum of the APOE gene polymorphism.