bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Magyar Nemzeti Bank: Tovább gyorsul a növekedés
Authors: Hajnal Mihály
Published: September 2021

Magyarország gazdasági növekedésében 2013-tól kezdődően érdemi fordulatot figyelhettünk meg, amelynek eredményeként a hazai össztermék 3 százalékot meghaladó mértékű bővülése volt jellemző. Ebben a folyamatban a 2016-os év – a várakozásoknak megfelelően – kivételt jelentett ugyan, azonban az átmeneti megtorpanást követően a magyar gazdaság újra dinamikus növekedést volt képes felmutatni. Mindezek eredményeként Magyarország az európai növekedési rangsor élmezőnyébe került, míg idén a gazdasági növekedés gyorsulásával a magyar pozíció, várakozásunk szerint, tovább javulhat. A 2017-es évhez hasonlóan 2018-ban is meghatározó növekedési tényező lesz a belső keresleti tételek – a beruházások és a lakossági fogyasztás – érdemi bővülése. Az uniós pénzek effektív felhasználása és az állam saját forrásból finanszírozott beruházásai is tovább emelkednek. Mindez azonban továbbra is alacsony költségvetési deficit mellett valósul meg, miközben az adósságráta a következő 3 évben változatlanul csökkenő pályán halad. A fogyasztás növekedése a tavalyi évhez hasonlóan erős marad, amihez a bérek idén is két számjegyű emelése, a magas nettó pénzügyi vagyon, a lakáspiaci fellendülés másodkörös hatásai, valamint a historikusan magas lakossági bizalom is hozzájárulnak. 2018-ban a nettó export a belső keresleti tételek magas importigénye miatt még negatívan járul hozzá a gazdasági növekedéshez, azonban a zöldmezős beruházások termelővé válásával a hazai kivitel a teljes előrejelzési időszakban érdemben emelkedik. Mindezekkel párhuzamosan a folyó fizetési mérleg többlete az idei év során még szűkül, azonban előretekintve emelkedik. Az infláció rövid távon főként az üzemanyagokhoz kötődő bázishatások következtében emelkedik, de továbbra is a toleranciasáv alsó felében alakul. Az aktuális előrejelzésünkben tett feltevések változatlansága esetén az infláció 2019 közepén éri el fenntarthatóan az árstabilitásnak megfelelő 3 százalékos értéket.
GKI Gazdaságkutató Zrt.: Az idei még viszonylag jó év lesz
Authors: Karsai Gábor
Published: September 2021

A magyar gazdaság 2017-ben a legtöbb területen elérte vagy meghaladta a 2008. évi pénzügyi világválság előtti szintet. 2017-ben a magyar GDP a GKI (és a legtöbb elemző) által vártnál kissé gyorsabban, 4 százalékkal bővült, ami lényegesen dinamikusabb az Európai Unió átlagánál, de a régióban közepes ütemnek számít. A magyar gazdaság várhatóan 2018-ban is kedvező konjunkturális feltételek között fejlődik, miközben a hosszabb távú fenntarthatósággal kapcsolatos problémák nem enyhülnek. A GKI most tavasszal nem változtat a korábbi elemzéseiben az idei évre prognosztizált 3,8 százalékos növekedési és 9 százalékos beruházási előrejelzésén, miközben a fogyasztás várható bővülését 3,5 százalékról 4 százalékra emeli. Az ágazatok közül az építőipar tavalyi szárnyalása a magas bázis miatt lassul, de továbbra is ez az ágazat növekszik a leggyorsabban. Az ipar a tavalyihoz hasonlóan 5 százalékkal bővül, a mezőgazdaság 2017. évi visszaesését idén várhatóan növekedés, a közigazgatásét stagnálás követi, némi gyorsulásra pedig a pénzügyi szektorban lehet számítani. A GKI korábbi előrejelzéséhez képest 3 százalékról 2,7 százalékra csökkenti az idei inflációs, 4 százalékról 3,7 százalékra a munkanélküliségi prognózisát. A választások után – annak eredményétől függetlenül – a magyar Európa-politika, ezen belül az euró bevezetéséhez való viszony újragondolására lenne szükség, aminek szükségképpen hatnia kell a magyar modellre is.
wiiw (Bécsi Nemzetközi Gazdasági Tanulmányok Intézete): Szűkebb esztendők jönnek
Authors: Richter Sándor
Published: September 2021

Rövid távon nincs lépéskényszer a magyar gazdaságpolitikában, középtávon annál inkább. Mivel 2019-től az uniós transzferek nagy része elapad, a GDP 1,5–3 százaléka körüli kereslet esik ki, amire a gazdaságpolitikának reagálnia kell majd. Az EU új, hétéves pénzügyi keretprogramja körül ugyanis nagyon sok a bizonytalanság. A brexit miatt eleve szűkülnek a források, új költési célok merülhetnek fel, mégpedig a kohéziós politika rovására. A magyar gazdaság mostani lendülete megtörik, 2019 és 2021 között szűk esztendőkre lehet számítani. (A wiiw prognózisa a régióra és a magyar gazdaságra korlátozódik.)
A nagy adathalmazok és a fogyasztói adatok felhasználása – néhány nemzetközi ügy bemutatása
Authors: Belényesi Pál
Published: September 2021

Jelen tanulmány napjaink egyik versenyjogi-adatvédelmi slágertémáját járja körbe: a nagy adathalmazok (big data) és a fogyasztói magatartások, valamint fogyasztói adatok védelmének kapcsolatát. Teszi ezt elsősorban normatív-intézményi szempontokat követve, azaz bemutatva néhány ország versenyellenőrzési gyakorlatát. A bemutatott esetekkel kapcsolatosan elmondható, hogy bár a végrehajtói hatalmi ágak érdeklődése az utóbbi években fokozódik, big data-specifikus, szisztematikus versenyprobléma egyelőre nem azonosítható be. A szerző véleménye szerint ennek erőforrásbeli és koncepcionális okai is vannak. Amennyiben azonban a hatóságok az online fogyasztói viselkedéseket empirikusan is vizsgálják majd (ez egyelőre sajnos nem általánosan alkalmazott módszer), és megfelelően finomhangolják a beavatkozási gyakorlatukat – akár a „fogyasztói érdeksérelmet” átértékelve –, ez változhat. Az ismertetett ügyekből kitűnik, hogy az a verseny-közgazdasági felfogás, amely szerint a versenyjog kizárólagos feladata a fogyasztói jólét védelme – elsősorban az árversenyen keresztül –, a big data kapcsán nehezen védhető. A big datával kapcsolatos ügyek fókuszában ugyan továbbra is elsősorban a fogyasztók személyes jogainak a verseny általi támogatása marad, a neoklasszikus tanoktól való megközelítésbeli eltávolodás már érezhető. A versenyjogot kiterjesztően alkalmazó hatóságok a piaci versenyt és nem a fogyasztók rövid távú árérzékenységét kellene, hogy védjék. A hatalmas adattömeggel rendelkező digitális vállalkozások, úgy tűnik, hogy olyan szerepet töltenek be, mint a hálózatos iparágak, így megítélésük is azokhoz kellene, hogy hasonlítson. A tanulmány kitekintés, tehát nem célja a slágerügyek ismételt elemzése.
AUMENTO DO USO DE ANTIBIÓTICOS DURANTE A PANDEMIA DE COVID-19 EM CIDADE NO INTERIOR DE MINAS GERAIS
Authors: Jahel de Oliveira Lucas , Souza Silva Kêmilly , Santos Gonçalves Ana Carolina dos
Published: September 2021

Com o surgimento da pandemia de SARS-COV-2 em 2019, surgiram muitas dúvidas e incertezas sobre a doença COVID-19, muitas delas devido aos milhares de fake-news, falta de informações, poucas pesquisas científicas que comprovassem os desdobramentos do que realmente iria acontecer, desde os sintomas, formas de contágio, como cada organismo reagiria ao vírus, sobre a eficácia das máscaras e do isolamento social, mas principalmente sobre os tratamentos contra o novo coronavírus. Com todas essas dúvidas, algumas medidas foram tomadas para tentar amenizar e resolver a situação. O chamado “KIT-COVID” (contendo medicamentos, dentre eles estão antibióticos) e hoje não recomendado pelo Ministério da Saúde, foi uma das medidas controversas que ocorreram no Brasil. A recomendação do uso de medicamentos sem eficácia comprovada cientificamente contra os sintomas da COVID-19, fez com que as vendas de medicamentos antimicrobianos dobrassem em diferentes locais do país, inclusive na cidade de Nanuque, MG, como demostrado nesse estudo. Esse aumento da utilização dos antibióticos torna-se preocupante, pois aumenta a probabilidade de casos de resistência microbiana, transformando bactérias comuns, em possíveis superbactérias, fazendo-se necessário a utilização de antibióticos cada vez mais potentes.
SUSTAINABILITY ENTREPRENEURIAL STRATEGIES AND ENTERPRISE PERFORMANCE OF WOMEN LED HIGH END HUMAN HAIR ENTERPRISES: CASE OF WESTLANDS SUB-COUNTY, NAIROBI
Authors: Mbithi Esther , Mathenge Paul , Kweyu Martin
Published: September 2021

Purpose: This study sought to establish the influence of sustainability entrepreneurial strategies on enterprise performance of women led high end human hair enterprises: a case of Westlands sub-county, Nairobi.

Methodology: The study was anchored on opportunity based entrepreneurship theory and used a descriptive research design. The target population comprised of 201 women entrepreneurs. The researcher used Krecjie and Morgan formula to select a sample of 132 respondents using stratified sampling and simple random sampling methods. Data was collected through a structured questionnaire.

Results: Results from the study showed that there was a positive relationship between sustainability entrepreneurial strategies and enterprise performance. The study also found that entrepreneurial characteristics were the most significant independent variable followed by market accessibility, value proposition and financial resources. The results also showed that the respondents indicated that they were able to match their strategic intentions with their entrepreneurial characteristics, generate new ideas and make timely decisions to enhance the performance of their business to a very high extent. The respondents also indicated that they had access to the financial resources, had a strong financial base and were aware of the credit facilities available to a high extent. Another finding was that the respondents considered enhancing the quantity, length, price as well as uniquely branding their of high end human hair to a high extent.

Unique contribution to theory, practice and policy: The study recommended that women entrepreneurs should undergo training on formulating strategies aimed at entrepreneurial development as this will enable them seek information and systematically plan on improving their enterprise thus enhance business performance. It is also recommended that the government and other stakeholders should come up with policies to promote the accessibility of financial resources for entrepreneurs as they were crucial for the sustainability of their enterprises. Another recommendation is that women entrepreneurs should identify, design and implement competitive customer value propositions to enhance their enterprise performance. It is further recommended that the government should support policy that will establish and strengthen the sourcing and market accessibility for women owned enterprises to enhance their financial performance.
Cập nhật hội chứng đáp ứng siêu viêm ở trẻ em phối hợp với nhiễm covid-19
Authors: Tuấn Đào Minh
Published: September 2021

Đại dịch COVID-19 ban đầu chỉ gây ra bệnh nhẹ đối với trẻ em, hơn nữa tỷ lệ mắc COVID-19 ở trẻ em cũng rất thấp. Tuy nhiên gần đây, nhất là sau khi xuất hiện những biến thể mới của virus COVID-19, số lượng trẻ em nhiễm virus này có xu hướng tăng lên. Điều quan tâm hơn là biểu hiện phản ứng siêu viêm của trẻ cũng mạnh và đa dạng, phức tạp hơn tổn thương ở phổi cũng nặng và tiên lượng xấu hơn.
Đặc điểm lâm sàng và hình ảnh X-quang ngực của viêm tiểu phế quản ở trẻ em
Authors: Khánh Đoàn Duy , Ninh Trần Phan , Điển Trần Minh
Published: September 2021

Mục tiêu: Mô tả đặc điểm lâm sàng, hình ảnh X-quang lồng ngực của viêm tiểu phế quản ở trẻ em và mối liên quan của nó với các thể bệnh. Đối tượng và phương pháp: Bệnh nhi viêm tiểu phế quản cấp (VTPQ cấp) vào điều trị nội trú tại Bệnh viện Nhi Trung ương từ 01/7/2020 đến 31/12/2020. Chẩn đoán, mức độ nặng của VTPQ cấp theo tiêu chuẩn của hướng dẫn về VTPQ của Úc năm 2019 [1]. Hình ảnh tổn thương trên phim X quang ngực thẳng được xác định: dày thành phế quản, ứ khí, xẹp phổi… dựa vào kết quả đọc do bác sỹ chuyên khoa chẩn đoán hình ảnh. Phân tích các hình ảnh tổn thương phổi trên phim X-quang với các mức độ bệnh nặng của VTPQ. Kết quả: Nghiên cứu có 143 trẻ mắc VTPQ cấp. Mức độ bệnh nhẹ và trung bình là 65,7%, mức độ nặng chiếm 34,3%. Hình ảnh X-quang ngực gặp 100% có dày thành phế quản, hình ảnh ứ khí (81.8 %) với các mức độ khác nhau. Khả năng mắc bệnh nặng của nhóm ứ khí nhiều cao hơn nhóm không có ứ khí hoặc ứ khí ít (OR: 2.24; 95%CI:1.053- 4.751). Hình ảnh xẹp phổi rất hiếm gặp theo ghi nhận (4.2%), nhưng lại ghi nhận hoàn toàn ở thể VTPQ cấp nặng. Kết luận: Các hình ảnh ứ khí nhiều và xẹp phổi có liên quan đến mức độ nặng của bệnh ở trẻ mắc VTPQ cấp.
Aplicación del proceso de atención de enfermería en Atención Primaria y análisis de los resultados en salud en pacientes con diabetes mellitus tipo 2
Authors:   , Aríztegui Echenique Ana María
Published: September 2021

El objetivo de esta tesis ha sido estudiar la relación de los resultados e intervenciones de enfermería del plan de cuidados aplicado en Atención Primaria a pacientes con diabetes mellitus tipo 2 y con diagnóstico enfermero 'Disposición para mejorar la gestión de su salud' con los resultados de los parámetros bioquímicos y clínicos que evidencian un autocontrol y autocuidado de su proceso.
Origin and Recording of Bioelectric Signals
Authors: J Infantnesan , P Susmitha , R Nivetha
Published: September 2021

Bioelectric signals are generated as a result of migration of ions in the cell membrane. Muscles and neurons are the main source for the generation of that signals by contraction and relaxation. These bio electric signals can be recorded with the help of electrodes by placing it over the surface of the skin. Bioelectric signals are in very small amplitude and they require amplification for analyzing and for further studies. The signals which obtained are the primary source for diagnosis the malfunction of the tissues or organs. The most common types of bioelectric signals are ECG (Electrocardiogram), EEG (Electroencephalogram) and EMG (Electromyogram). Here we explained the origin and recording of these bioelectric signals in a detailed manner.
Principio de objetividad previsto en el código orgánico integral penal. Relación con el debido proceso.
Authors: Durán Chávez Carlos Eduardo , Henríquez Jiménez Carlos Daniel
Published: September 2021

Esta investigación trató sobre el análisis del principio de objetividad previsto en el Código Orgánico Integral Penal del Ecuador, haciendo referencia a la importancia del referido principio y su relación con el debido proceso, como fundamento de la actuación del Ministerio Público, recogido en diversos instrumentos jurídicos: la Constitución de la República de Ecuador, el Código Orgánico de la Función Judicial, el Código Orgánico Integral Penal. Se presentan resoluciones de la Sala Penal de la Corte Nacional de Justicia, la Corte Constitucional y de la Corte Interamericana de Derechos Humanos relacionadas con el principio indicado y con el debido proceso. Se trató de una investigación jurídica-documental, analítica y descriptiva. Se concluyó que los principios procesales en el Derecho Penal, son directrices que encausan el iter procesal, que deben ser cumplidas por los operadores de justicia y las partes, en el caso específico, el Fiscal. Se concluyó a su vez que el principio de objetividad, forma parte de ese conjunto de principios contenidos en el artículo 5 del COIP, el cual consagra que el Fiscal en su actuación, debe observar tanto los elementos de cargo como de descargo en un proceso determinado, en pleno cumplimiento del debido proceso consagrado en instrumentos jurídicos nacionales e internacionales.
La aplicación del desarrollo social sostenible y la reinserción social, en el área del Derecho
Authors: Medina Medina Vanessa Estefanía , López Soria Yudith
Published: September 2021

El propósito de este estudio es analizar el aporte que desde cada proyecto formativo y, específicamente, desde la carrera de derecho puede hacerse a favor de las personas privadas de libertad en el entorno social donde se encuentra enclavada la Universidad Tecnológica Indoamérica. Se escoge la carrera de Derecho, porque existe en ella, mucho que aportar a los programas reeducativos del sistema penitenciario ecuatoriano, influyendo con ello, tanto en la reinserción social de los privados de libertad con programas y opciones reeducativas, como en la formación profesional y primero que todo, como seres humanos, de los estudiantes de la carrea de derecho, siendo, por ende, necesario, evaluar esta recíproca influencia y dejarla descrita, desde un enfoque multidisciplinario. Para el desarrollo de esta investigación de revisión bibliográfica se emplea un enfoque cualitativo, y métodos tales como, el histórico- lógico, el analítico-sintético y el inductivo.
Graphic design for social justice in South Africa
Authors:   , Ravjee Latha
Published: September 2021

In this dissertation I examine of the role of graphic design in the struggle for social justice in South Africa - with specific reference to the concept of human rights. I am motivated by an overwhelming awareness that the Bill of Rights in post-apartheid South Africa exists in striking contrast to the daily struggles for human dignity. In addressing this contradiction I present a historical examination that focuses on the visual impact of the creative combination of images and text to effect socioeconomic and political change. Drawing from Steve Biko’s philosophy of psychological liberation and Paulo Freire’s educational philosophy for critical thinking, I distinguish between propaganda and education. I take the stand that people are not really free if they blindly accept the myths of the established state order and I explore the various ways in which society is misguided by these myths. I argue that unlike graphic design that maintains the status quo and represents the propaganda of the established order, ‘graphic design for social justice’ represents the voice of people’s power against state power. Through this study and practice I conclude that the role of graphic design for social justice in South Africa is to uncover the myths of state power by presenting scenarios that encourage critical thinking, dialogue and open debate about power and the abuse of power in the continued struggle for human dignity. It is intended that this body of work, and the exhibition that results from it, contributes in part to the writing and documentation of a history of South African socio-political graphics.
Caso clínico: Fístula carótido-yugular: complicación inusual de cateterismo venoso central
Authors: Torres-Cuevas Boris , Castillo-Lara Gloria , Hancco-Huillca Sonia
Published: September 2021

La fístula carótido yugular es una complicación inusual del proceder de colocación del catétervenoso central en la vena yugular interna. Esto puede tener serias consecuencias, tales comoinfecciones, embolismo y fallo cardíaco por sobrecarga de volumen, que requieren corrección.Reportamos el caso relativo a una paciente con fístula carótido yugular de 40 años de evoluciónsecundaria a la realización de un cateterismo en la vena yugular interna durante la infancia,con evolución natural sin complicaciones relativas a la fístula post cateterismo.
Comercialización de maíz. Realidad de las familias del recinto San Vicente del cantón Jipijapa
Authors: Cañarte Quimis Luz Teresa Yanina , Pincay Morán Jimmy Luis , Moreira Cañarte Cristhian Yamir
Published: September 2021

La producción local de un sector debe llegar al consumidor final a través de diferentes medios de comercialización con acciones planeadas de los agricultores que le permitan posicionar mejor sus productos en el mercado. El recinto San Vicente, sector del cantón Jipijapa y sus 45 familias, viven del sembrío de varios productos, entre los que se destaca el maíz, sin embargo, no cuentan con mercados específicos donde venderlos a precios rentables. Los productores carecen de estrategias para comercializarlos, lo que afecta su bienestar y calidad de vida.  Por ello, determinar  las formas de comercialización de maíz  y  el desarrollo socioeconómico de sus productores a través de una metodología de tipo descriptiva apoyada en los métodos inductivo y deductivo, permitió identificar que la forma cómo se comercializa el producto no es la más beneficiosa y el precio que pagan los intermediarios no siempre es el más justo lo que afecta recuperar la inversión y obtener ganancias para sustentar sus necesidades básicas y mejorar sus estatus socioeconómico.
Quantifying fossil fuel methane emissions using observations of atmospheric ethane and an uncertain emission ratio
Authors: Ramsden Alice E. , Ganesan Anita L. , Western Luke M. , Rigby Matthew , Manning Alistair J. , Foulds Amy , France James L. , Barker Patrick , Levy Peter , Say Daniel , Wisher Adam , Arnold Tim , Rennick Chris , Stanley Kieran M. , Young Dickon , O'Doherty Simon
Published: September 2021

Abstract. We present a method for estimating fossil fuel methane emissions using observations of methane and ethane, accounting for uncertainty in their emission ratio. The ethane:methane emission ratio is incorporated as a variable parameter in a Bayesian model, with its own prior distribution and uncertainty. We find that using an emission ratio distribution mitigates bias from using a fixed, potentially incorrect emission ratio and that uncertainty in this ratio is propagated into posterior estimates of emissions. A synthetic data test is used to show the impact of assuming an incorrect ethane:methane emission ratio and demonstrate how our variable parameter model can better quantify overall uncertainty. We also use this method to estimate UK methane emissions from high-frequency observations of methane and ethane from the UK Deriving Emissions linked to Climate Change (DECC) network. Using the joint methane-ethane inverse model, we estimate annual mean UK methane emissions of approximately 0.27 (95 % uncertainty interval 0.26–0.29) Tg per year from fossil fuel sources and 2.06 (1.99–2.15) Tg per year from non-fossil fuel sources, during the period 2015–2019. Uncertainties in UK fossil fuel emissions estimates are reduced on average by 15 %, and up to 35 %, when incorporating ethane into the inverse model, in comparison to results from the methane-only inversion.
Effect of organic carbon addition on paddy soil organic carbon decomposition under different irrigation regimes
Authors: Deroo Heleen , Akter Masuda , Bodé Samuel , Mendoza Orly , Li Haichao , Boeckx Pascal , Sleutel Steven
Published: September 2021

Abstract. Anaerobic decomposition of organic carbon (OC) in submerged rice
paddies is coupled to the reduction of alternative soil electron acceptors,
primarily Fe3+. During reductive dissolution of Fe3+ from
pedogenic oxides, previously adsorbed native soil organic carbon (SOC) could
be co-released into solution. Incorporation of crop residues could hence
indirectly, i.e. through the stimulation of microbially mediated Fe3+
reduction, promote the loss of native SOC via enhanced dissolution and
subsequent mineralisation to CO2 and CH4. Our aim was to estimate
the relevance of such a positive feedback during the degradation of added
OC, and to investigate the impact of irrigation management on this mechanism
and on priming effects on native SOC decomposition in general. In a six-week
pot experiment with rice plants, two Bangladeshi soils with contrasting SOC
to oxalate-extractable Fe (SOC : Feox) ratios were kept under a regime of
alternate wetting and drying (AWD) or continuous flooding (CF), and were
either amended with maize shoots or not. The δ13C signatures of
dissolved organic C and emitted CH4 and CO2 were used to infer the
decomposition of added maize shoots (δ13C = −13.0 ‰) versus native SOC (δ13C = −25.4 ‰ and −22.7 ‰). Addition of maize
residues stimulated the reduction of Fe as well as the dissolution of native
SOC, and the latter to a larger extent under CF, especially for the soil
with the highest SOC : Feox ratio. Estimated Fe-bound SOC contents denote
that stimulated SOC co-release during Fe reduction could explain this
positive priming effect on SOC dissolution after the addition of maize.
However, priming effects on SOC mineralisation to CO2 and CH4 were
lower than for SOC dissolution, and were even negative under AWD for one
soil. Enhanced reductive dissolution of Fe-bound SOC upon exogenous OC
addition therefore does not necessarily lead to stimulated SOC
mineralisation. In addition, AWD irrigation was found to decrease the
above-mentioned priming effects.
Effects of climate change in the European croplands and grasslands: productivity, GHG balance and soil carbon storage
Authors: Carozzi Marco , Martin Raphaël , Klumpp Katja , Massad Raia Silvia
Published: September 2021

Abstract. The knowledge of the effects of climate change on agro-ecosystems is fundamental to identify local actions aimed to maintain productivity and reduce environmental issues. This study investigates the effects of climate perturbation on the European crop and grassland production systems, combining the finding from two biogeochemical models. Accurate and high-resolution management and pedoclimatic data has been employed. Results has been verified for the period 1978–2004 (historical period) and projected until 2099 with two divergent intensities IPPC’s climate projections, RCP4.5 and RCP8. We provided a detailed overview on productivity and the impacts on management (sowing dates, water demand, nitrogen use efficiency). Biogenic GHG budgets (N2O, CH4, CO2) were calculated, including an assessment of their sensitivity to the leading drivers, and the compilation of a net carbon budget over production systems. Results confirmed that a significant reduction of productivity is expected during 2050–2099, caused by the shortening of the length of the plant growing cycle associated to the rising temperatures. This effect was more pronounced for the more pessimistic climate scenario (-13 % for croplands and -7.7 % for grasslands) and for Mediterranean regions, confirming a regionally distributed impact of climate change. Non-CO2 GHG emissions were triggered by rising air temperatures and increased exponentially over the century, being often higher than the CO2 accumulation of the explored agro-ecosystems, which acted as potential C sinks. Emission factor for N2O was 1.82 ± 0.07 % during the historical period, rising up to 2.05 ± 0.11 % for both climate projections. The biomass removal (crop yield, residues exports, mowing and animal intake) converted croplands and grasslands into net C sources (236 ± 107 Tg CO2eq y-1 in the historical period), increasing of more than 20 % during the climate projections. Nonetheless, crop residues demonstrate to be an effective management strategy to overturn the C balance. Although with a marked latitudinal gradient, water demand will double over the next few decades in the European croplands, whereas the benefit in terms of yield will not contribute substantially to balance the C losses due to climate perturbation.
Full-coverage 1 km daily ambient PM2.5 and O3 concentrations of China in 2005–2017 based on multi-variable random forest model
Authors: Ma Runmei , Ban Jie , Wang Qing , Zhang Yayi , Yang Yang , Li Shenshen , Shi Wenjiao , Li Tiantian
Published: September 2021

Abstract. The health risks of fine particulate matter (PM2.5) and ambient ozone (O3) have been widely recognized in recent years. An accurate estimate of PM2.5 and O3 exposures is important for supporting health risk analysis and environmental policy-making. The aim of our study was to construct random forest models with high-performance, and estimate daily average PM2.5 concentration and O3 daily maximum 8 h average concentration (O3-8hmax) of China in 2005–2017 at a spatial resolution of 1 km×1 km. The model variables included meteorological variables, satellite data, chemical transport model output, geographic variables and socioeconomic variables. Random forest model based on ten-fold cross validation was established, and spatial and temporal validations were performed to evaluate the model performance. According to our sample-based division method, the daily, monthly and yearly simulations of PM2.5 gave average model fitting R2 values of 0.85, 0.88 and 0.90, respectively; these R2 values were 0.77, 0.77, and 0.69 for O3-8hmax, respectively. The meteorological variables and their lagged values can significantly affect both PM2.5 and O3-8hmax simulations. During 2005–2017, PM2.5 exhibited an overall downward trend, while ambient O3 experienced an upward trend. Whilst the spatial patterns of PM2.5 and O3-8hmax barely changed between 2005 and 2017, the temporal trend had spatial characteristic. The dataset is accessible to the public at https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4009308, and the shared data set of Chinese Environmental Public Health Tracking: CEPHT (https://cepht.niehs.cn:8282/developSDS3.html).
CNN for image-based sediment detection applied to a large terrestrial and airborne dataset
Authors: Chen Xingyu , Hassan Marwan A. , Fu Xudong
Published: September 2021

Abstract. Image-based grain sizing has been used to measure grain size more efficiently compared to traditional methods (e.g. sieving and Wolman pebble count). However, current methods (e.g. BASEGRAIN) are largely based on detecting grain interstices from image intensity which not only require a significant level of expertise for parameter tuning but also underperform when they are applied to sub-optimal environments (e.g. dense organic debris, various sediment lithology). We proposed a model (GrainID) based on convolutional neural networks to measure grain size in a diverse range of fluvial environments. A data set of more than 125,000 grains from flume and field measurements were compiled to develop GrainID. Tests were performed to compare the predictive ability of GrainID with sieving, manual labeling, Wolman pebble counts and BASEGRAIN. When compared with the sieving results for a sandy-gravel bed, GrainID yielded high predictive accuracy (comparable to the performance of manual labeling) and outperformed BASEGRAIN and Wolman Pebble counts (especially for small grains). For the entire evaluation dataset, GrainID once again showed fewer predictive errors and significantly lower variation in results in comparison to BASEGRAIN and Wolman pebble counts and maintained this advantage even in uncalibrated rivers with drone images. Moreover, the existence of vegetation and noise have little influence on the performance of GrainID. Analysis indicated that GrainID performed optimally when the image resolution is higher than 1.8 mm/pixel, the image tile size is 512*512 pixel*pixel and the grain area truncation values (the area of smallest detectable grains) were equal to 18–25 pixels.
Forecasting the regional fire radiative power for regularly ignited vegetation fires
Authors: Partanen Tero M. , Sofiev Mikhail
Published: September 2021

Abstract. This paper presents a phenomenological framework for forecasting the area-integrated fire radiative power from wildfires. In the method, a region of interest is covered with a regular grid, which cells are uniquely and independently parameterized with regard to the fire intensity according to (i) the fire incidence history, (ii) the retrospective meteorological information, and (iii) remotely-sensed high temporal resolution fire radiative power taken together with (iv) consistent cloud mask data. The parameterization is realized by fitting the predetermined functions for diurnal and annual profiles of fire radiative power to the remote-sensing observations. After the parametrization, the input for the fire radiative power forecast is the meteorological data alone, i.e., the weather forecast. The method is tested retrospectively for south-central African savannah areas with grid cell size of 1.5° × 1.5°. The input data included ECMWF ERA5 meteorological reanalysis and SEVIRI/MSG Fire Radiative Power and Cloud Mask. It has been found that in the areas with large numbers of wildfires regularly ignited on a daily basis during dry seasons from year to year, the temporal fire radiative power evolution is quite predictable, whereas the areas with irregular fire behaviour predictability was low. The predictive power of the method is demonstrated by comparing the predicted fire radiative power patterns and fire radiative energy values against the corresponding remote-sensing observations. The current method showed good skills for the considered African regions and was useful in understanding the challenges in predicting the wildfires in a more general case.
Control of oceanic circulation on sediment distribution in the southwestern Atlantic margin (23 to 55° S)
Authors: Michaelovitch de Mahiques Michel , Violante Roberto , Franco-Fraguas Paula , Burone Leticia , Barbedo Rocha Cesar , Ortega Leonardo , Felicio dos Santos Rosangela , Mi Kim Bianca Sung , Lopes Figueira Rubens Cesar , Caruso Bícego Marcia
Published: September 2021

Abstract. In this study, we interpret the role played by ocean circulation in sediment distribution on the southwestern Atlantic margin using radiogenic Nd
and Pb isotopes. The latitudinal trends for Pb and Nd isotopes reflect the different current systems acting on the margin. The utilization of the
sediment fingerprinting method allowed us to associate the isotopic signatures with the main oceanographic features in the area. We recognized
differences between Nd and Pb sources to the Argentinean shelf (carried by the flow of Subantarctic Shelf Water) and slopes (transported by deeper
flows). Sediments from Antarctica extend up to the Uruguayan margin, carried by the Upper and Lower Circumpolar Deep Water. Our data confirm that,
for shelf and intermediate areas (the upper 1200 m), the transfer of sediments from the Argentinean margin to the north of 35∘ S is
limited by the Subtropical Shelf Front and the basin-wide recirculated Antarctic Intermediate Water. On the southern Brazilian inner and middle shelf, it is possible to recognize the northward influence of the Río de la Plata sediments carried
by the Plata Plume Water. Another flow responsible for sediment transport and deposition on the outer shelf and slope is the southward flow of the
Brazil Current. Finally, we propose that the Brazil–Malvinas Confluence and the Santos Bifurcation act as boundaries of geochemical provinces in the
area. A conceptual model of sediment sources and transport is provided for the southwestern Atlantic margin.
Lagrangian eddy tracking reveals the Eratosthenes anticyclonic attractor in the eastern Levantine Basin
Authors: Barboni Alexandre , Lazar Ayah , Stegner Alexandre , Moschos Evangelos
Published: September 2021

Abstract. Statistics of anticyclonic eddy activity and eddy trajectories in the Levantine Basin over the 2000–2018 period are analyzed using the DYNED-Atlas database, which links automated mesoscale eddy detection by the Angular Momentum Eddy Detection and Tracking Algorithm (AMEDA) algorithm to in situ oceanographic observations. This easternmost region of the Mediterranean Sea, delimited by the Levantine coast and Cyprus, has a complex eddying activity, which has not yet been fully characterized. In this paper, we use Lagrangian tracking to investigate the eddy fluxes and interactions between different subregions in this area. The anticyclonic structure above the Eratosthenes Seamount is identified as hosting an anticyclone attractor, constituted by a succession of long-lived anticyclones. It has a larger radius and is more persistent (staying in the same position for up to 4 years with successive merging events) than other eddies in this region. Quantification of anticyclone flux shows that anticyclones that drift towards the Eratosthenes Seamount are mainly formed along the Israeli coast or in a neighboring area west of the seamount. The southeastern Levantine area is isolated, with no anticyclone transfers to or from the western part of the basin, defining the effective attraction basin for the Eratosthenes anticyclone attractor. Co-localized in situ profiles inside eddies provide quantitative information on their subsurface physical anomaly signature, whose intensity can vary greatly with respect to the dynamical surface signature intensity. Despite interannual variability, the so-called Eratosthenes anticyclone attractor stores a larger amount of heat and salt than neighboring anticyclones, in a deeper subsurface anomaly that usually extends down to 500 m. This suggests that this attractor could concentrate heat and salt from this subbasin, which will impact the properties of intermediate water masses created there.
Exploitation of the far-offshore wind energy resource by fleets of energy ships – Part 2: Updated ship design and cost of energy estimate
Authors: Babarit Aurélien , Gorintin Félix , de Belizal Pierrick , Neau Antoine , Bordogna Giovanni , Gilloteaux Jean-Christophe
Published: September 2021

Abstract. This paper deals with a new concept for the conversion of
far-offshore wind energy into sustainable fuel. It relies on autonomous
sailing energy ships and manned support tankers. Energy ships are
wind-propelled ships that generate electricity using water turbines attached
underneath their hull. Since energy ships are not grid-connected, they
include onboard power-to-X plants for storage of the produced energy. In the
present work, the energy vector X is methanol. In the first part of this study, an energy ship design was proposed, and
its energy performance was assessed. In this second part, the aim is to
update the energy and economic performance of
such a system based on design progression. In collaboration with ocean engineering, marine renewable energy and
wind-assisted propulsion experts, the energy ship design of the first part
has been revised. Based on this new design, a complete FARWIND energy system
is proposed, and its costs (CAPEX and OPEX) are estimated. Results of the
models show (i) that this FARWIND system could produce approximately 70 000 t of methanol per annum (approximately 400 GWh per annum of chemical
energy) at a cost in the range EUR 1.2 to 3.6/kg, (ii) that this cost
may be comparable to that of methanol produced by offshore wind farms in the
long term and (iii) that FARWIND-produced methanol (and methanol produced by offshore wind
farms) could compete with gasoline on the EU
transportation fuel market in the long term.
PEMBERIAN CORE STABILITY EXERCISE UNTUK MENGURANGI NYERI DAN MENINGKATKAN AKTIVITAS FUNGSIONAL PADA KASUS SPONDYLOLISTHESIS LUMBAL
Authors: Salsabila Kamilia Malihah Nur , Karnadipa Triana
Published: September 2021

Spondylolisthesis merupakan suatu pergeseran ke depan satu korpus vertebra (vertebral body) jika dibandingkan dengan vertebra yang terletak dibawahnya (inferior). Hal ini menyebabkan dampak mekanis, radikuler, atau nyeri. Tujuan: Studi kasus ini bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi pengaruh intervensi fisioterapi core stability exercise pada pasien wanita berusia 63 tahun dengan diagnosis spondylolisthesis dalam mengurangi nyeri dan meningkatkan aktivitas fungsional pada sendi lumbal. Metode: Core stability exercise yang diberikan pada penelitian ini berupa posterior pelvic tilt exercise, bridging exercise, bird-dog exercise, dan wall squat exercise dilakukan 9 kali treatment selama 3 minggu. Nyeri dievaluasi dengan menggunakan visual analog scale (VAS) dan aktivitas fungsional dengan oswestry disability index (ODI). Hasil Temuan: Setelah dilakukan 4 kali intervensi, terjadi penurunan nyeri pada gerak fleksi neck (2 poin), gerak fleksi trunk (1 poin), gerak fleksi hip bilateral(2 poin), nyeri tekan m. piriformis bilateral (1 poin), nyeri tekan m. hamstring bilateral (2 poin), nyeri tekan m. gastrocnemius bilateral (2 poin), dan nyeri tekan celah processus transversus vertebra L5(1 poin). Penurunan skor ODI menunjukkan penurunan disabilitas fungsional pasien sebanyak 9 poin. Kesimpulan: Berdasarkan hasil tersebut, dapat disimpulkan bahwa intervensi core stability exercise cukup efektif untuk mengurangi nyeri dan meningkatkan aktivitas fungsional pada pasien spondylolisthesis pada vertebra lumbal.
THE PROS AND PERILS OF INTERDEPENDENCE: FEMINIST ORGANIZING IN ONLINE GAME FORUMS
Authors: Cote Amanda Catharine
Published: September 2021

Within video game culture, where the medium's association with masculinity remains strong, it can be difficult for female players to connect with one another or to find safe spaces for play. Without support systems, many drop out of gaming over time. This indicates a need to build greater interdependencies between affected players, to provide interpersonal support and develop collective responses to gaming’s inequalities. Research in other areas suggests that targeted internet communities, such as Facebook groups, could provide space for feminist networking, consciousness-raising, and action, but it also reveals that such spaces have limits. Like games, the internet is often seen as masculinized, meaning explicitly feminist conversations and communities can draw disruptive trolls. Groups that police their boundaries to avoid these problems may implicitly prioritize some participants—i.e. straight, white, cisgender women—over others. This exploratory study analyzes top posts in two gaming forums—one general and one female-specific—to begin assessing if/how online communities for female gamers build interdependencies and raise feminist consciousness. More specifically, it assesses posts about harassment—which is often directed at female players as perceived “outsiders”—to determine if, when, and how toxicity is discussed as a general vs. a gendered problem, as well as if resulting discourses offer opportunities for consciousness-raising and collective action. This paper seeks to help marginalized players build stronger, more inclusive gaming and internet cultures.
‘FAKE NEWS’ AND OTHER PROBLEMATIC INFORMATION: STUDYING DISSEMINATION AND DISCOURSE PATTERNS
Authors: Angus Daniel , Bruns Axel , Hurcombe Edward , Harrington Stephen , Glazunova Sofya , Montaña-Niño Sílvia Ximena , Obeid Abdul , Coulibaly Souleymane , Copland Simon , Graham Timothy , Wright Scott , Dehghan Ehsan
Published: September 2021

Encompassed by the disputed term ‘fake news’, a variety of overtly or covertly biased, skewed, or falsified reports claiming to present factual information are now seen to constitute a critical challenge to the effective dissemination of news and information across established and emerging democratic societies. Such content – variously also classifiable as propaganda, selective reporting, conspiracy theory, inadvertent misinformation, and deliberate disinformation – in itself is not new; however, contemporary digital and social media networks enable its global dissemination and amplification, by human and algorithmic actors (Woolley & Howard 2017), ordinary users and professional agents, outside of, in opposition to, or sometimes also in collusion with, the mainstream media (Shao et al. 2017; Vargo et al. 2017). Various political, commercial, and state actors are suspected to have exploited this ‘fake news’ ecosystem to influence public opinion, in major votes ranging from the Brexit referendum to national elections, and/or to utilise discourse around ‘fake news’ to generally undermine trust in media, political, and state institutions. This panel brings together a number of perspectives that combine systematic, large-scale, mixed-methods analysis of the empirical evidence for the global dissemination of, engagement with, and visibility of problematic information in public debate with the study of the public discourse about ‘fake news’, and the operationalisation of this concept by politicians and other societal actors to downplay inconvenient facts or reject critical questions. In combination, its five papers present a substantive collection of innovative approaches to the ‘fake news’ concept, exploring the dissemination of problematic information itself at larger and smaller scales as well as examining the operationalisation of the idea of ‘fake news’ in pursuit of specific ideological aims. This produces a new and more comprehensive picture of the overall impact of ‘fake news’, in all its forms, on contemporary societies.
TRANSNATIONAL FEELINGS: DIGITAL AFFECT AS A GLOBAL ANALYTIC
Authors: Jaber Heather , Kraidy Marwan , Al-Ghazzi Omar , Zidani Sulafa
Published: September 2021

This panel examines the role of affect in transnational digital media, offering fine-grained analyses of online communities and media artifacts which contend with and carve out contested futures. In doing so, it offers digital affect as an analytic for contending with interdependent realities. Through qualitative interviews, close readings, and textual analyses, these projects engage in a range of approaches to trace the digital affects which circulate transnationally. They examine the World Economic Forum as a transnational spectacle of justice, the promotional materials and the recoding work of extremist groups like the so-called “Islamic State,” online communities which suture continuities between Al-Andalus and an emerging Arab Muslim identity, and global meme-makers who engage in expression through playful but also puncturing forms of critique. Through these case studies, the panel examines the power of particular affects—like nostalgia, fear, shame, and zanaakha, a kitschy humor of the times—and the particular power of affects—to bind and polarize communities, to identify transnational structures of feeling, and to reshape the political present by feeling history differently. By turning to these spaces, these projects make the case for careful, contextualized approaches to affect and digital media in order to mine their political power.
REJECTING SCIENCE WITH SCIENCE: BOUNDARY-WORK IN ANTI-MASK TWITTER REPLY THREADS DURING COVID-19
Authors: Beers Andrew , Nguyễn Sarah , S. Spiro Emma , Starbird Kate
Published: September 2021

The COVID-19 pandemic has been marked by a controversy in the United States over the public health benefits of mask-wearing, especially on social media. Many have contested the scientific consensus that masks are an effective method to prevent and slow the spread of COVID-19 infections, often along explicitly political lines. Here, we investigate specifically how Twitter users engaging in arguments about mask-wearing invoke scientific principles to argue against masks. We further analyze the sources that these users cite to support their claims. Using a qualitative approach drawing from constructivist grounded theory, we show how these users work to defend the legitimacy of their claims and their external sources by selectively exploiting rhetorical values of scientific endeavour. We analogize their work to the process of scientific boundary-work, in which actors consciously manipulate the boundary between science and not-science for personal and political gain.
TRACKING THE PILLING PIPELINE: LIMITATIONS, CHALLENGES AND A CALL FOR NEW METHODOLOGICAL FRAMEWORKS IN INCEL AND MANOSPHERE RESEARCH
Authors: Ging Debbie , Murphy Shane
Published: September 2021

The manosphere is an online network of disparate formations, which are united in their antipathy toward feminism, their reliance on evolutionary psychology and their belief that Western civilization is under threat. In recent years, a growing body of scholarship on the manosphere has emerged from a range of disciplinary perspectives. Much of this work sits within internet studies but there are also significant contributions from gender studies, social psychology and terrorism / cybersecurity studies. The purpose of this paper is to take stock of the current research, to identify methodological limitations, and to propose some new interdependent research frameworks and methods. To date, much of the work conducted on the manosphere and its various subgroups (e.g. incel) relies on gathering a dataset from one platform and subjecting it to either manual or machine analysis to identify key themes or characteristics. While this categorisation has been important, its frequent replication has led to a certain stagnation of knowledge, as we are missing the dynamic aspects of how and where ideas travel and interconnect. We call for a conceptual shift away from thinking of manosphere communities such as incel as isolated, homogenous identity groups, to conceiving of them instead as a multifaceted, ever-evolving online ecosystem. We map out a number of key pathways that need to be explored, outlining methodologies for each. Approaching the incel/manosphere as a dynamic ecosystem, we argue, will take knowledge of this phenomenon in important new directions, as well as opening up new space for inter-disciplinary collaboration.