bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Step Activity After Surgical Treatment of Ankle Arthritis
Authors: Shofer Jane B. , Ledoux William R. , Orendurff Michael S. , Hansen Sigvard T. , Davitt James , Anderson John G. , Bohay Donald , Coetzee J. Chris , Houghton Michael , Norvell Daniel C. , Sangeorzan Bruce J.
Published: July 2019

Background:

Ambulatory activity is reduced in patients with ankle arthritis. In this study, we measured step activity over time in 2 treatment groups and secondarily compared step activity with results of patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs).

Methods:

Patients who were treated with either ankle arthrodesis or ankle arthroplasty wore a step activity monitor preoperatively and at 6, 12, 24, and 36 months postoperatively. Changes from preoperative baseline in total steps per day and per-day metrics of low, medium, and high-activity step counts were measured in both treatment groups. Step activity was compared with each subject’s PROM scores as reported on the Musculoskeletal Function Assessment (MFA) and the Short Form-36 (SF-36) physical function and bodily pain subscales.

Results:

Of the 3 activity levels, combined group high-activity step counts showed the greatest increase (mean of 278 steps [95% confidence interval (CI), 150 to 407 steps], a 46% improvement from preoperatively). At 6 months, the mean high-activity step improvement for the arthroplasty group was 194 steps compared with a mean decline of 44 steps for the arthrodesis group (mean 238-step difference [95% CI, −60 to 536 steps]). By 36 months postoperatively, the greater improvement in high-activity steps for the arthroplasty versus the arthrodesis group was no longer present. There were no significant pairwise differences in improvement based on surgical treatment method at any individual follow-up time point. For a within-patient increase of 1,000 total steps, there was a mean change in the MFA, SF-36 physical function, and SF-36 bodily pain scores of −1.8 (95% CI, −2.4 to −1.2), 3.8 (95% CI, 2.8 to 4.8), and 2.8 (95% CI, 1.8 to 3.9), respectively (p < 0.0001 for all associations). There was no evidence that the association differed by study visit, or by study visit and surgical procedure interaction (p > 0.10).

Conclusions:

Surgical treatment of ankle arthritis significantly improves ambulatory activity, with greater change occurring at high activity levels. Improvement may occur more quickly following arthroplasty than arthrodesis, but at 3 years, we detected no significant difference between the 2 procedures. Step counts, while associated with PROMs, do not parallel them, and thus may be a useful supplementary measure, particularly in longitudinal studies.

Level of Evidence:

Therapeutic Level II. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
Venous Thromboembolism Prophylaxis for Patients Having Elective Spine Surgery
Authors: Rockson Hayden B. , DiPaola Christian P. , Connolly Patrick J. , Stauff Michael P.
Published: July 2019

➤ The prevalence of venous thromboembolism (VTE) events varies widely following elective spine surgery, with reported rates ranging from 0.21% to 13.6%.

➤ Risk factors for the development of VTE after spine surgery include patient or family history, obesity, longer operative time, manipulation of the great vessels, and decreased mobility postoperatively.

➤ There is limited consensus regarding the selection and initiation of postoperative chemoprophylaxis, which should be implemented thoughtfully because of the bleeding risk and, specifically, the development of epidural hematoma.

➤ Prophylactic use of inferior vena cava filters in low-risk patients having elective spine surgery has not been well supported in the literature. Further investigation is needed to determine its utility as an additional modality to prevent postoperative pulmonary embolus in elective spine surgery.
Regional or General Anesthesia in the Surgical Treatment of Distal Radial Fractures
Authors: Rundgren Johanna , Mellstrand Navarro Cecilia , Ponzer Sari , Regberg Alf , Serenius Stephan , Enocson Anders
Published: July 2019

Background:

Most patients undergoing surgery for the treatment of a distal radial fracture are treated in a day-surgery setting and are given either general anesthesia (GA) or regional anesthesia (RA). The main purpose of this study was to investigate the impact of the anesthesia method on patients’ postoperative opioid consumption during the first 3 days following surgery.

Methods:

This was a single-center randomized clinical trial. A total of 88 patients aged 18 to 74 years who were undergoing day surgery for the treatment of a displaced distal radial fracture with volar-plate fixation were randomized to GA (n = 44) or RA with a supraclavicular brachial plexus blockade (n = 44). The primary outcome was total opioid equivalent consumption (OEC) during the first 3 postoperative days (72 hours). Secondary outcomes included OEC during days 1, 2, and 3, visual analog scale (VAS) for pain scores, maximum pain, postoperative nausea and vomiting, perioperative time consumption (surgical, preoperative, and postoperative anesthesia care time), functional outcomes, and Patient-Rated Wrist Evaluation (PRWE) and EuroQol-5 Dimensions-3 Levels (EQ-5D-3L) scores up to 6 months.

Results:

The total median OEC during the first 3 postoperative days was 85 mg (range, 0 to 218 mg) in the GA group and 60 mg (range, 3 to 150 mg) in the RA group (p = 0.1). The groups differed significantly in OEC and VAS for pain scores during the first 24 hours after surgery; the median OEC was higher in the GA group before discharge (p < 0.001), while it was higher in the RA group after discharge (p < 0.001). Patients in the GA group reported more pain immediately after surgery (median score, 6; width of interquartile range [IQR], 7) and at 2 hours postoperatively (median score, 2; width of IQR, 3) compared with patients in the RA group (median score, 0; width of IQR, 0 at both time points) (p < 0.001). Maximum pain occurred at a median of 1 hour (range, 1 hour to 22 hours) after the end of surgery in the GA group compared with a median of 11 hours (range, 1 hour to 24 hours) in the RA group (p < 0.001). The total median perioperative time consumption was 244 minutes (range, 114 to 389 minutes) in the GA group compared with 146 minutes (range, 74 to 390 minutes) in the RA group (p < 0.001). There were no significant differences in functional outcomes or PRWE or EQ-5D-3L scores at 6 months.

Conclusions:

The anesthesia method (GA vs. RA) significantly influenced the early patterns of postoperative pain and opioid consumption after surgical treatment of a distal radial fracture, but neither total OEC over the first 3 postoperative days nor longer-term outcomes differed between the groups.

Level of Evidence:

Therapeutic Level I. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
Cemented Versus Cementless Total Knee Arthroplasty of the Same Modern Design
Authors: Nam Denis , Lawrie Charles M. , Salih Rondek , Nahhas Cindy R. , Barrack Robert L. , Nunley Ryan M.
Published: July 2019

Background:

Highly porous surfaces promoting biologic fixation have renewed interest in cementless total knee arthroplasty (TKA), but the potential for failed biologic fixation remains. The purpose of this study was to compare the clinical outcomes of cemented and cementless versions of the same TKA design at an average of 2 years postoperatively.

Methods:

This was an institutional review board-approved, prospective, randomized controlled trial of patients from 18 to 75 years of age who were undergoing a primary TKA. Patients with inflammatory arthritis, a body mass index (BMI) of >40 kg/m2, infection, a neuromuscular disorder, or grossly osteoporotic bone or bone defects were excluded. Patients were randomized to receive a cemented or cementless cruciate-retaining TKA of the same design. The cementless implant has highly porous fixation surfaces. Oxford Knee, Knee Society, and Forgotten Joint Scores were collected. Patients were asked to rate the knee with the TKA as a percentage of normal. Power analysis indicated that 130 patients were necessary to demonstrate a 5-point difference in the Oxford Knee Score at 90% power.

Results:

One hundred and forty-seven patients were enrolled, and 141 (96%) of them were analyzed at an average of 2 years postoperatively. There was no difference in age, sex, BMI, American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) score, or duration of follow-up (p = 0.1 to 0.9). There was also no difference in the change in the hemoglobin level from the preoperative measurement to postoperative day 1 between the 2 cohorts (mean and standard deviation, −2.6 ± 1.4 g/dL compared with −2.5 ± 0.9 g/dL, p = 0.5), but the total operative time was decreased in the cementless cohort (82.1 ± 16.6 compared with 93.7 ± 16.7 minutes, p = 0.001). There were no differences in any clinical outcome measure at 4 to 6 weeks, 1 year, or an average of 2 years postoperatively (p = 0.1 to 0.9) between the cemented and cementless cohorts. There was no radiographic evidence of component subsidence or loosening in either cohort.

Conclusions:

This study demonstrated that a recently introduced cementless TKA had results, both perioperatively and at an average of 2 years postoperatively, that were equivalent to those of its cemented predecessor, without any aseptic failures of either implant. Thus, this study justifies continued surveillance of this device to elucidate both its survivorship and if it can provide any long-term benefits.

Level of Evidence:

Therapeutic Level I. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
Surgical Repair of an Avulsed Distal Flexor Carpi Radialis Tendon in a Boxer
Authors: Berthiaume Emily A. , Hagopian Thomas M. , Cohen Myles J. , Millstein Eric S. , Kulber David A.
Published: July 2019

Case:

A 25-year-old professional boxer presented with a right distal flexor carpi radialis (FCR) tendon avulsion after sustaining an injury while boxing. The avulsion was identified and confirmed with magnetic resonance imaging, and the tendon was successfully reinserted into the trapezium. The patient returned to professional boxing 10 months later without complication.

Conclusions:

Distal FCR tendon avulsions are rare. Occasionally, this tendon can avulse after an application of excessive force. For some patients, unrepaired distal FCR tendon avulsions may prevent competitive performance. In this case, the tendon was reattached to the trapezium to aid wrist motion and stability, which are essential for professional boxing.
Lytic Lesion in the Proximal Humerus After a Flu Shot
Authors: Erickson Brandon J. , DiCarlo Edward F. , Brause Barry , Callahan Lisa , Hannafin Jo
Published: July 2019

Case:

There has been a recent campaign to vaccinate patients in an effort to prevent widespread flu pandemic. Although the complication rate after vaccine is low, there have been reports of Guillain-Barré syndrome and shoulder injury related to vaccine administration (SIRVA). In this case presentation, we discuss a patient who developed a large lytic lesion in the proximal humerus after a deeply administered flu shot.

Conclusions:

SIRVA is a rare cause of shoulder pain after injections, but one that progresses and often necessitates operative management. Clinicians should be wary of persistent shoulder pain after a flu shot.
Closed Distal Dislocation of the Intermediate Cuneiform in a Complex Lisfranc Fracture-Dislocation
Authors: Asuma Matti P. , Mansfield Taylor D. , Turner Eric K. , Robbins Justin
Published: July 2019

Case:

A 21-year-old, active duty male sustained an irreducible, complex Lisfranc fracture-dislocation with distal extrusion of his intermediate cuneiform. He was treated in a staged manner with external fixator placement, followed by an extended midfoot fusion with autograft bone. At 19 months, he could perform all activities of daily living independently with minimal pain using an Intrepid Dynamic Exoskeletal Orthosis.

Conclusions:

Complex Lisfranc injuries are severe and often result in chronic pain and disability after operative management. To our knowledge, this is the only case report describing a Lisfranc fracture-dislocation with a distally extruded intermediate cuneiform treated with a fusion.
Excisional Curettage of Benign Cystic Lesions
Authors: Ibe Izuchukwu K. , Alder Kareme D. , Henderson Shasta E. , Yu Kristin E. , Lee Francis Y.
Published: July 2019

Background:

There are many treatment modalities for benign cystic lesions of bone, but all methods, except for total resection, are plagued with varying rates of recurrence
1
. Thorough curettage with the use of a high-speed burr, however, has demonstrated a low recurrence rate of 12% and has been suggested to be the best method for the treatment of benign cystic lesions. Approximately 90% of aneurysmal bone cysts can be controlled adequately with this treatment alone
2
.

Description:

Treatment of benign cystic lesions of bone with the use of excisional curettage requires careful preoperative planning and patient positioning before the initial incision is made. The initial incision must be carefully planned to expose the entire lesion without violating multiple compartments unnecessarily. A sizeable cortical window must then be made using a high-speed burr followed by evacuation of all cystic contents via curettage. The cavity is copiously irrigated before an adjuvant is used, and the lesion is stabilized, if necessary, before closing.

Alternatives:

There are many types of alternatives to curettage, such as wide resection, radiation, and embolization of feeding vessels.

Rationale:

In orthopaedics, as in all medical specialties, many interventions and techniques have been rendered obsolete and, ultimately, replaced by newer, safer, and more efficient ones. The appeal of curettage has remained because of its procedural simplicity and adaptability in the management of a plethora of diseases such as benign cystic lesions of bone. Additionally, curettage, unlike wide resection, radiation, and embolization of feeding vessels, is minimally invasive and often definitive in nature when used as a treatment modality
2
. Lastly, curettage grants the performing surgeon the ability to maintain a contained cavity that can be treated with a variety of adjuvant therapies
3–17
. These reasons listed above make curettage a viable option for the surgical treatment of benign cystic lesions such as giant cell tumors of bone, aneurysmal bone cysts, unicameral bone cysts, chondromyxoid fibromas, and symptomatic nonossifying fibromas.
A Methodology For Disaggregation and Textural Analysis of Quartz-cemented Sandstones
Authors: Maithel Sarah A. , Brand Leonard R. , Whitmore John H.
Published: July 2019

Sandstone textures provide critical information for reservoir modeling and interpreting depositional processes. While loose sand textures are easy to describe, various authors have developed thin-section and image-analysis techniques to characterize lithified deposits that were assumed impossible to disaggregate successfully. These methods are effective but tedious, and are generally not feasible for processing many samples. We present a new methodology for disaggregating quartz-dominated sandstones cemented by quartz overgrowths, with application to the Permian Coconino Sandstone of northern and central Arizona, USA. Textural parameters of the disaggregated sand were measured using a laser diffraction particle analyzer. Our average grain sizes from laser analysis are coarser than those from thin section (as expected), but trends from the analyzer correlate well with thin-section results. This strong correlation strengthens the validity of both methods and suggests that disaggregation and whole-particle analysis may effectively replace petrographic techniques in many textural studies. We hope that our methods, which increase the efficiency of grain-size analysis, will expand the potential for collecting textural data from quartz-cemented sandstones.
Penggunaan E-System Dan Perilaku Kepatuhan Perspektif Wajib Pajak Karyawan
Authors: Wikarsa Meiliana , Febriana Y Stephanie , Lanrence B Pricillia
Published: July 2019

In order to improve the quality of tax service on taxpayer, Direktorat Jendral Pajak implement an electronic system (e-SPT) in tax reporting. The purpose of this research is to interpret the perspective of the employees in the use of e-system in the reporting of SPT 1770S and 1770SS and taxpayer compliance behaviour of employee. Method used in this research is interpretive approaches. The data was collected by interviewing the employees. Based on the results of this research, can be concluded there are many of employee views on the use of e-SPT and the relation with tax compliance.

 

Dalam rangka meningkatkan kualitas pelayanan pajak terhadap wajib pajak, Direktorat Jendral Pajak menerapkan sistem elektronik (e-SPT) dalam pelaporan pajak. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk memaknai perspektif karyawan dalam penggunaan e-system dalam pelaporan SPT 1770S dan 1770SS serta perilaku kepatuhan wajib pajak karyawan. Penelitian ini mengunakan metode pendekatan interpretatif. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan wawancara terhadap karyawan. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian ini dapat disimpulkan bahwa terdapat berbagai macam pandangan  karyawan terhadap penggunaan e-SPT dan adanya keterkaitan antara e-SPT dengan kepatuhan wajib pajak.
LAND ASSET APPRAISAL POST-TAX AMNESTY, AN ADVANTAGE FOR TAXPAYER
Authors: Juliarini Aniek
Published: July 2019

Post tax amnesty 2016, the taxpayer who does not comply tax amnesty, or taxprayer who does not properly report the entire asset, the concerned asset is considered as received or obtained income when the data and/or information is discovered on the asset. According to Circular Letter of the Directorate General of Taxes Number SE-24/PJ/2017, appraisal of non-cash asset shall be conducted in accordance with the asset state and condition as of December 31, 2015 (or at the end of a different period for a Taxpayer who have a different book year ending). For the land asset, the value is set using Land & Building Tax Imposition Base (NJOP-PBB). This study proves that Tax Imposition Base (NJOP) is below the market price. The descriptive qualitative method was applied in analyzing whether or not the provisions as regulated in Circular Letter of the Directorate General of Taxes Number SE-24/PJ/2017 is proper. This study concludes that Taxpayer will gain two advantages from the enactment of Circular Letter of the Directorate General of Tax Number SE-24/PJ/2017 that is 1). Land asset value is based on Land & Building Tax Imposition Base; 2). Land & Building Tax Imposition Base used is 2015 Land & Building Tax Imposition Base, instead of the applicable Land & Building Tax Imposition Base when the asset is discovered.
Pilkada DKI Jakarta 2017: Dinamika Politik Identitas di Indonesia
Authors: Lestari Dina
Published: July 2019

Regional Election is one of implementation of people sovereignty that carried out directly, publicly, freely, confidentially, honestly and fairly. But regional election is often colored by identity politics in achieving pragmatic goals such as in the DKI Jakarta Election 2017. This study using a qualitative approach which is a contextual research that seeks to emphasize the meaning of a phenomenon of human behavior interactions in certain situations. This paper aims to find out about the 2017 DKI Jakarta regional election: the political identity dynamics in Indonesia. The results of this study are expected to provide input to relevant stakeholders to prevent the spread of identity politics in Indonesia.
Pola Pikir Penggunaan Bahasa Inggris Pada Masyarakat Perkotaan di Jabodetabek
Authors: Prayoga Reza Amarta , Khatimah Husnul
Published: July 2019

This research is motivated by the problem of penetration of foreign language in urban society. The mindset of English usage in urban society is symbolically represented that foreign languages must be mastered and used in daily life. It becomes a new outbreak of modern life that slowly puts foreign languages, especially English in a higher position than Indonesian language. The English usage as the primary language is considered to symbolize prestige and promise a better position and socioeconomic standard. Therefore, this study aims to describe the mindset of urban society about the English usage in Jabodetabek (Jakarta, Bogor, Depok, and Bekasi). This is a descriptive qualitative research, the instrument in collecting data in the field is conducted through in-depth interview and observation. Meanwhile, the secondary data obtained through literature research related to the research topics. The results shows that the English usage has become the social behavior of urban society in Jabodetabek. English usage represents some symbols, ie. higher educational status, upper middle social class, and modern and classy lifestyle. This causes English is superior to Indonesian as a national language. This reality becomes an early indication of the weakening of the Indonesian language in the public sphere (Government, Corporation, Education, and Mass Media). Slowly but surely English becomes the symbol of prima donna language among urban society in Jabodetabek.
Petani dan Politik: Studi Preferensi Politik Petani Ijen Bondowoso
Authors: Firdaus Rony Zamzam , Yuswadi Hary , Jannah Raudlatul
Published: July 2019

This study aims to explain about political preferences and the peasant community, especially in the Curah Macan, Kalianyar Village, Ijen District, Bondowoso Regency East Java. Most of them are Horticulture farmers who use Plantation and Perhutani land. Ijen’s Farmers are often produced cabbage and potatoes. When these two crops have been harvested, it sold to the market, eaten for daily necessities, and there are also some crops that are dried in the sun and reprocessed into new seeds. This research focuses on the peasant and politics which included political affiliation and land tenure in the countryside. The historical impact of land tenure on citizens has an effect on rural political change. Land tenure and subsequent policies such as land leasing, marketing, distribution of plant seeds are related to the political system that occurs in the bulk Macan hamlet and the political life of the community. For this reason, the study uses Robert W. Hefner’s theory of Tengger. It explains farmers and rural politics. The research method is qualitative research methods.
Geografía comercial de los centros históricos: entre la gentrificación y la patrimonialización. El caso de Sevilla
Authors: Jover Báez Jaime
Published: July 2019

El estudio de la geografía comercial de las ciudades es de elevado interés, especialmente cuando la urbanización y procesos como la gentrificación han adquirido un carácter planetario. La literatura sobre la ciudad capitalista se ha centrado, por lo general, en la transformación urbana, la dinámica del mercado de la vivienda o el desplazamiento de poblaciones autóctonas en relación a las políticas neoliberales a diferentes escalas. Sin embargo, en los últimos años y asociado a todo esto ha ganado peso el análisis del tejido comercial, en lo que este trabajo profundiza en un contexto urbano patrimonial. Así, se abordan los cambios en la geografía comercial del centro histórico de Sevilla, planteando las hipótesis de la gentrificación y la patrimonialización a través de la evolución paralela de los establecimientos comerciales tradicionales y las franquicias y grandes firmas en el último cuarto de siglo. Para ello, el trabajo combina análisis cualitativos y cuantitativos sobre las diferentes fuentes bibliográficas y estadísticas existentes.
Brilliant Disguises: Persona, Autobiography and the Magic of Retrospection in Bruce Springsteen’s Late Career
Authors: Elliott Richard
Published: July 2019

Popular musicians with long careers provide rich source material for the study of persona, authenticity, endurance and the maintenance (and reinvention) of significant bodies of work. Successful artists’ songs create a soundtrack not only to their own lives, but also to those of their audiences, and to the times in which they were created and to which they bore witness. The work of singers who continue to perform after several decades can be heard in terms of their ‘late voice’ (Elliott 2015), a concept that has potentially useful insights for the study of musical persona. This article exploits this potential by considering how musical persona is de- and reconstructed in retrospective, autobiographical performance. I base my articulation of the relationship between persona, life-writing and retrospective narrativity on a close reading of two late texts by Bruce Springsteen: Born to Run, the autobiography he published in 2016, and Springsteen on Broadway, the audiovisual record of a show that ran from October 2017 through to December 2018. In these texts, Springsteen uses the metaphor of the ‘magic trick’ as a framing device to shuttle between the roles of autobiographical myth-breaker and lyrical protagonist. He repeatedly highlights his songs as fictions that bear little relation to his actual life, while also showing awareness that, as often happens with popular song, he has been mapped onto his characters in ways that prove vital for their sense of authenticity. Yet Springsteen appears to be aiming for a different kind of authenticity with these late texts, by substituting the persona developed in his recorded work with an older, wiser, more playful narrator. I appropriate Springsteen’s ‘magic trick’ metaphor to highlight the magic of retrospection and the magical formation of the life narrative as an end-driven process.
The relationship between skipping breakfast and depression among workers with a focus on psychosocial factors
Authors: Yoshikawa Eisho , Nishi Daisuke , Matsuoka Yutaka J.
Published: July 2019

Objective

Previous studies have indicated that skipping breakfast is not only detrimental to physical health, but is also associated with depression. Myriad psychosocial factors are associated with both skipping breakfast and depression. However, previous research failed to account for these potential psychosocial factors. The aims of this study were to (a) explore the factors associated with breakfast consumption, and (b) investigate the association between the frequency of breakfast consumption and depression, adjusted for various forms of psychosocial confounders by analyzing previously collected data concerning Japanese workers.

Result

Participants were 575 employee across three Japanese worksites. Depressive symptoms were assessed using the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CESD). Frequency of breakfast consumption was categorized into 6 levels. Multi-regression analysis suggested that skipping breakfast was associated with high trait aggression, living alone, and low levels of physical exercise. Logistic regression suggested that skipping breakfast was associated with depression, even after adjusting for potential psychosocial factors including trait aggression, resilience, physical exercise, consumption of fish and fried food, social support, and life events cannot be ruled out.
The relationship between transformational leadership and job satisfaction in selected colleges at King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
Authors: Eroje Esther Iriagbonse , Appiah Erasmus Kofi , Eroje Alezi Braimoh Ifindon , ZAKIRULLA MEER , Kunjappu Jimly James , AlShahrani Ibrahim
Published: July 2019

Background

Leadership has become the key issues in managing the organization, the emerging business and economic environments have forced organizations to be flexible, adaptive, entrepreneurial and innovative to meet changing demand of the present-day business environment. The purpose of the present study is to examine the relationship between the various dimensions of transformational leadership (predictor variable) and their effects on employees’ job satisfaction (criterion variable) in three selected Colleges (Medicine, Dentistry and Science) in King Khalid University.

Methods

The methodology employed in this study was a quantitative and cross-sectional correlational survey type of design Data collection was done using a questionnaire design that was directly administered to the participants. 250 questionnaires were sent to the participating three colleges (Medicine, Dentistry and Sciences).

Results

The findings of the multiple linear regression analysis indicated a weak positive association between transformational leadership behaviour and employees’ job satisfaction (R-value 0.386). The multiple linear regression analysis signifies a weak positive correlation between transformational leadership behaviour and job satisfaction (R-value 0.386). A p-value in Spearman’s rho that is less than the 0.05 level of significance indicated that there is a significant level of relationship which exists between transformational leadership behaviour and job satisfaction.

Conclusions

This study concluded that transformational leadership behaviour and its four dimensions showed a weak positive correlation with a statistically significant level of relationship between transformational leadership behaviour and employees’ job satisfaction among three selected colleges (Medicine, Dentistry and Sciences) in King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia.
Association mapping of a locus that confers Southern stem canker resistance in soybean
Authors: Santos João Vitor Maldonado dos , Ferreira Everton Geraldo Capote , Passianotto André Luiz de Lima , Brumer Bruna Bley , Santos Adriana Brombini Dos , Soares Rafael Moreira , Torkamaneh Davoud , Arias Carlos Alberto Arrabal , Belzile François , Abdelnoor Ricardo Vilela , Marcelino-Guimaraes Francismar
Published: July 2019

Background
Southern stem canker (SSC), caused by Diaporthe aspalathi (E. Jansen, Castl. & Crous) is an important soybean disease, which has been responsible for severe losses in the past. The main strategy to control this fungus is through the introgression of resistance genes. So far, five main loci have been associated with resistance to Southern stem canker. However, there is a lack of information about useful allelic variation at these loci. In this work, a genome-wide association study (GWAS) was performed to identify allelic variation associated with resistance against Diaporthe aspalathi and to provide molecular markers useful in breeding programs.

Results
We characterized the response to Southern stem canker infection in a panel of 295 accessions from different regions of the world including important Brazilian elite cultivars. Using a GBS approach, the panel was genotyped and we identified marker loci associated with Diaporthe aspalathi resistance using GWAS analysis. We identified 19 SNPs associated with Southern stem canker resistance, all on chromosome 14. The peak SNP showed an extremely high degree of association (p-value = 6.35E-27) and explained a high level of the phenotypic variance (R2 = 70%). This strongly suggests that a single major gene is responsible for resistance to D. aspalathi present inn most of the lines comprising this panel. We also identified in resequenced soybean materials other SNPs in the region identified by GWAS in the same LD block that clearly differentiate resistance and susceptible accessions. The peak SNP was selected and used to develop a cost-effective molecular marker assay, which was validated in a subset of the initial panel. In an accuracy test, this SNP assay demonstrated 98% of selection efficiency.

Conclusions
Our results suggest a relevant importance of this locus in SSC resistance in soybean cultivars and accessions from different countries and the SNP marker assay developed in this study can be directly applied in MAS studies in breeding programs to select resistance materials against this pathogen and support its introgression.
Using Recycled Concrete as an Adsorbent to Remove Phosphate from Polluted Water
Authors: Wu Lipeng , Tang Jianfeng , Zhang Shirong , Wang Jing , Ding Xiaodong
Published: July 2019

Phosphate pollution remains a significant hazard to terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems. We developed an economical and efficient method for phosphate adsorption on waste construction concrete modified with seawater. Compared with raw concrete materials, the phosphate adsorption capacity of seawater‐modified waste concrete was highly efficient, especially at low phosphate concentrations. The inflection point for seawater‐modified concrete was 0.66 and 1.22 mg L−1 for the raw material. The relative phosphate adsorption was 4.64 and 2.39 mg g−1, respectively. Phosphate removal was >90% over a pH range of 3 to 11 for the raw and modified materials. Chemical and physical analysis of the modified concrete indicated that Ca and Mg particles were uniformly sequestrated on the surface, and Ca was the determinant controlling phosphate uptake. Phosphate adsorption isotherms fit well using the Freundlich, Temkin, Elovich, Fowler–Guggenheim, and Hill–de Boer models and indicated that intermolecular forces in the concrete particles were enhanced by calcium oxides from seawater. This method can efficiently remove phosphate from polluted water and repurposes waste construction concrete.

Core Ideas

Phosphate adsorption capacity of modified waste concrete was highly efficient at low phosphate.

Phosphate removal was >90% over a pH range of 3 to 11 for the raw and modified materials.

Calcium was the determinant controlling phosphate uptake for seawater‐modified concrete.

Intermolecular forces in the concrete particles were enhanced by calcium oxides from seawater.
Genomic‐Wide Association Study of Popping Expansion in Tropical Popcorn and Field Corn Germplasm
Authors: Senhorinho Henrique José Camargo , Coan Marlon Matias Dacal , Marino Thiago Pablo , Kuki Mauricio Carlos , Pinto Ronald José Barth , Scapim Carlos Alberto , Holland James Brendan
Published: July 2019

Popcorn is a popular snack food with higher grain value compared with “field corn” maize (Zea maysL.). In general, popcorn germplasm is less improved than common maize cultivars, with less favorable agronomic performance and greater susceptibility to pests, diseases, and lodging, especially in tropical environments. One approach to expanding and improving popcorn germplasm is to introduce favorable alleles for agronomic performance from field corn. If markers tagging quantitative trait loci (QTLs) associated with popping expansion were identified, they could be selected with markers to maintain popping expansion in breeding populations derived from crosses between field and popcorn germplasm. The objectives of this study were to identify single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers and putative candidate genes associated with higher popping expansion in a diverse sample of popcorn and field corns relevant to Brazilian breeding programs. We applied a comprehensive genome‐wide association study (GWAS) for popping expansion, using 165,089 SNP markers in 183 inbred lines with 2 yr of trial data. Four SNPs were significantly associated with popping expansion, three of which were colocalized to previously reported meta‐QTLs, and one that was novel. Annotated genes closely linked to the associated SNPs were identified with functions related with starch content, which plays an important role in popping expansion quality. If these associations can be validated independently, they can be useful for breeders to select agronomically superior genotypes with greater popping expansion.
Identification of Milk Thistle Shatter‐Resistant Mutant Lines with Altered Lignocellulosic Profile for the Complete Domestication of the Species
Authors: Martinelli Tommaso
Published: July 2019

Milk thistle [Silybum marianum (L.) Gaertn.] is used as a medicinal plant for the production of silymarin. Other than silymarin, the fruit also contains valuable compounds such as oil and protein, and the lignocellulosic biomass of this species has been positively evaluated for biogas, syngas, and energy production. Despite these positive characteristics, the plant is still marked by traits that are typical of undomesticated species. Specifically, fruit shattering at maturity severely hampers its possible utilization as a crop. Therefore, for the first time, an ethyl methanesulfonate mutagenesis program was implemented to identify milk thistle lines with reduced fruit shattering, and its effectiveness was evaluated through genome‐wide analysis. The candidate nonshattering lines were multiplied up to M6 for the validation of the favorable traits. The lignocellulosic biomass of the selected shatter resistant lines was analyzed according to compositional analysis. The natural milk thistle fruit dispersal mechanism was shown to be modulated by changing air relative humidity. Three vigorous, stable, shatter‐resistant lines were identified. This is the first report that describes milk thistle nonshattering lines. At this stage in the three lines, the morphological description and the compositional analysis of the lignocellulosic biomass indicated that shatter resistance was concomitant to changes in vegetative biomass structure and composition. This observation is compatible with the described natural fruit dispersal mechanism, and it is of interest for the design of new milk thistle crop ideotypes for the complete domestication of the species.
Interdiffusion of major elements at 1 atmosphere between natural shoshonitic and rhyolitic melts
Authors: González-García Diego , Vetere Francesco , Behrens Harald , Petrelli Maurizio , Morgavi Daniele , Perugini Diego
Published: July 2019

The diffusive mass exchange of eight major elements (Si, Ti, Al, Fe, Mg, Ca, Na, and K) between natural, nominally dry shoshonitic and rhyolitic melts was studied at atmospheric pressure and temperatures between 1230 and 1413 °C using the diffusion couple method. For six elements, effective binary diffusion coefficients were calculated by means of a concentration-dependent method to obtain an internally consistent data set. Among these components, the range in diffusivities is restricted, pointing to a coupling of their diffusive fluxes. We find that the calculated diffusivities fit well into the Arrhenius relation, with activation energies (Ea) ranging from 258 to 399 kJ/mol in rhyolitic (70 wt% SiO2) melt and from 294 to 426 kJ/mol in the latitic melt (58 wt% SiO2). Ti shows the lowest Ea, while Si, Fe, Mg, Ca, and K have a similar value. A strong linear correlation is observed between logD0 and Ea, confirming the validity of the compensation law for this system. Uphill diffusion is observed in Al in the form of a concentration minimum in the rhyolitic side of the couple, (at ca. 69 wt% SiO2), and in Na indicated by a maximum in the shoshonitic side (ca. 59 wt% SiO2). Fe shows weak signs of uphill diffusion, possibly due to the contribution of ferric iron. The data presented here extend the database of previously published diffusivities in the shoshonite-rhyolite system (González-García et al. 2017) toward the water-free end and allows us to better constrain the water-dependence of major element diffusion at very low water concentrations. Combining both data sets, we find that logD is proportional to the square root of water concentration for a range between 0 and 2 wt% H2O. These results are of particular interest in the study of mass transfer phenomena in alkaline volcanic systems.
Correlación entre los estados de maduración de las vértebras cervicales y los estadios de calcificación dental del canino inferior izquierdo, segundo premolar inferior izquierdo y segundo molar inferior izquierdo y la edad cronológica
Authors: Lazo Liceth
Published: July 2019

El objetivo del estudio fue determinar la correlación entre los estadios de maduración de las vértebras cervicales y los estadios de calcificación dental del canino inferior izquierdo, segundo premolar inferior izquierdo y segundo molar inferior izquierdo; y la edad cronológica en pacientes de 9 a 18 años de edad de la ciudad del Cusco. Materiales y método, la investigación se encuentra dentro del paradigma cuantitativo, relacional y el diseño de investigación no experimental, observacional, transversal. La investigación se llevó a cabo en un centro radiológico de reconocido prestigio de la ciudad del Cusco, durante el periodo 2015 al 2016. Acudieron al centro radiológico 2630 pacientes a quienes se les registro radiografías laterales cefalométricas y radiografías panorámicas, todas en formato digital.La muestra estuvo constituido por 335 pacientes con ambos registros radiográficos. Se realizó estimación de la maduración de las vértebras cervicales mediante el método de Baccetti y la estimación de la calcificación de los dientes mediante el Índice de Demirjian. Resultados, se encontró asociación significativa entre la maduración de las vértebras cervicales y los estadios de calcificación dental del canino inferior izquierdo (Rho 0,735). Se encontró asociación significativa entre la maduración de las vértebras cervicales y los estadios de calcificación dental del segundo premolar inferior izquierdo (Rho 0,780). Se encontró asociación altamente significativa entre la maduración de las vértebras cervicales y los estadios de calcificación dental del canino inferior izquierdo (Rho 0,863). Con respecto a los estadios de calcificación dental del canino inferior izquierdo y la edad cronológica, se encontró asociación altamente significativa (Rho 0,805). Los estadios de calcificación dental del segundo premolar inferior izquierdo y la edad cronológica, se encontró asociación altamente significativa (Rho 0,859). Los estadios de calcificación dental del segundo molar inferior izquierdo y la edad cronológica, se encontró asociación altamente significativa (Rho 0,883). Conclusiones, La calcificación de los dientes; canino, segundo premolar y segundo molar, inferiores del lado izquierdo; determinados con el índice de Demirjian, constituyen un indicador confiable para estimar la maduración esquelética de jóvenes de 9 a 18 años.
Agujeros negros de antimateria
Authors: Álvarez Enrique
Published: July 2019

En el presente trabajo proponemos un modelo gravitatorio alternativo a la teoría de la relatividad general, en el que la curvatura espaciotemporal se modificaría por efecto de la interacción de las partículas virtuales de materia y antimateria entre ellas y la materia, a través de subniveles fractales del vacío cuántico, generando una secuencia de apantallamientos y antiapantallamientos gravitatorios. Se modificarían las ecuaciones de movimiento de los planetas basados en la métrica de Schwarzschild y sus variantes, así como las actuales teorías sobre los agujeros negros que estarían conformados de antimateria.Palabras claves: Subniveles fractales del vacío cuántico, cargas vectoriales, partículas virtuales, métrica de Schwarzschild modificada, ecuaciones de movimiento de planetas, perihelio de Mercurio, agujeros negros de antimateria.
Información para los autores
Authors: Deza Rivasplata Jaime
Published: July 2019

Ciencia y Desarrollo es una revista multidisciplinaria de acceso abierto en línea e impresa, revisada por pares, con arbitraje externo ciego, previa evaluación del Comité Científico y del Comité editorial. La revista, tiene como objetivo publicar los productos de la investigación de los docentes de la Universidad Alas Peruanas y de otras instituciones científicas, orientados al mundo académico especializado. Está dedicada a promover el intercambio y la discusión de todas las áreas de investigación; pero en especial las que corresponden a las líneas de ingenierías, salud, educación, comercio, ambiental, agropecuarias y Gestión del Territorio, en forma de artículos originales, revisión de artículos, reporte de casos, artículos de avance tecnológico y ensayos.
DESENVOLVIMENTO E ESTUDO DE ESTABILIDADE FÍSICO-QUÍMICA DE FORMULAÇÕES COSMÉTICAS ANTIENVELHECIMENTO
Authors: Da Silva Tainara Fátima , Woutheres Bortolotto Josiane , Norbert Deuschle Regis Augusto , De Souza Claudino Thiago , Kessler Nunes Deuschle Viviane Cecilia
Published: July 2019

A pele é o maior órgão do corpo humano e encontra-se em contato direto com fatores ambientais, devendo, desta forma, ser continuamente protegida. Este trabalho teve como objetivo o desenvolvimento de emulsões antienvelhecimento contendo óleo de romã e vitamina E e determinação da estabilidade destas formulações. Foram preparadas três formulações: formulação 1: contendo 3% de óleo de romã; formulação 2: 2% de vitamina E; formulação 3: 3% óleo de romã e 2% vitamina E. Durante noventa dias as amostras foram submetidas a diferentes condições de temperatura (baixa, ambiente e alta) e foram analisados os seguintes parâmetros: características organolépticas, pH e viscosidade. Observou-se que a amostra que continha apenas vitamina E permaneceu estável a todos os testes realizados no período de noventa dias. Em todas as amostras mantidas em temperatura ambiente não houve reduções na viscosidade. As demais formulações apresentaram pequenas alterações em relação as características organolépticas. Conclui-se que a formulação contendo apenas vitamina E demonstrou maior estabilidade em relação às demais.
Self-adaptation of e-learning software based on observing the information environment
Authors: Bershadskiy A. M. , Bozhday A. S. , Gudkov A. A. , Evseeva Yu. I.
Published: July 2019

Purpose of the research. The purpose of the study is to develop a new universal method of self-adaptation of applied software systems used in the field of e-learning (E-Learning). Self-adaptation refers to the ability of a software application to change its own structure and behavior depending on external circumstances, which include, for example, the trainee’s personal characteristics, which is especially important for systems used in education. Such self-adaptive behavior should be sufficiently flexible and not be reduced to the choice of one of the many behavioral options predetermined by the developer (such behaviors should also be generated throughout the system’s life cycle).

Materials and methods. The method being developed uses an array of user reviews about software as initial data, for the subsequent processing of which the methods of latent-semantic and distributive-statistical analysis are used. To represent the generalized self-adaptive structure of the system, models of characteristics are used. The configuration of the model of characteristics is a separate state of the self-adaptive system, they are generated automatically during the program’s life cycle as follows: based on an array of user reviews, a semantic network of basic concepts characterizing the program is formed, which is further compared with the original model of characteristics and personal characteristics of the user who left review. Determining a user’s personal characteristics can be done in a variety of ways (for example, using psychological testing or by analyzing learning outcomes).

Results. The main results of the study are: 1) universal principles of building a self-adaptive e-learning system 2) a way of presenting the self-adaptive structure of a software system in the form of a characteristics model relevant to a wide range of software 3) a new universal method of self-adapting applied software used in E-Learning the main differences of which from the existing ones are, firstly, in using the opinions of the users of the system themselves to adjust with self-adaptive behavior, secondly, in the possibility of generating new states of the system throughout the entire period of its operation.

Conclusion. The developed theoretical apparatus makes it possible to significantly individualize the learning process, take into account the opinions and inclinations of the students themselves, reduce the role of the pedagogical worker in the assessment of knowledge and skills. In addition to problems of a purely educational nature, the application of the method also allows you to successfully resolve technical issues related to the development of software in general. Such problems include, for example, the problem of software complexity, when a program that shows good results in some operating conditions shows insufficient performance in others. Also a serious task, which the proposed method can cope with, is the task of increasing the life cycle of a software system.