bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The relationships between neighbourhood vacancy, probable PTSD, and health-related quality of life in flood-disaster-impacted communities
Authors: Newman Galen , Li Dongying , Park Yunmi
Published: April 2022

Excessive amounts of neighbourhood vacant land and abandoned structures can significantly lower community and outsider perceptions, and ultimately impact the mental health conditions of inhabitants. While depopulation, economic conditions and land use dynamics can all play a role in the amount of neighbourhood-scaled vacancies and structural abandonment, natural disaster events such as flooding can also exacerbate the ratio of vacant to non-vacant properties in cities and neighbourhoods through resultant building damage and resident relocations. Examinations on post-disaster mental health are limited, and even less is known about the extent of vacant and abandoned properties on mental health, especially within the disaster recovery context. Using survey responses ( n=257) from Houston, TX, USA, from Hurricane Harvey stricken neighbourhoods, this study quantitatively examines how vacancy and abandonment are associated with mental health in disaster-effected communities. Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) was measured using the PTSD Checklist for DSM-5 and health-related quality of life was measured using the Health-Related Quality of Life (HRQOL) scale. Vacancy rates and perceived vacancy were used to predict PTSD and HRQOL in generalised mixed linear models while adjusting for covariates. Findings indicate significant relationships between higher neighbourhood vacancy and elevated risks of PTSD and impaired HRQOL. Further, while the average rate of abandonment in Houston stayed relatively flat, it increased considerably in hurricane impacted communities until two years after Harvey. The outcomes of this study suggest a link between hazard mitigation-recovery and urban regeneration planning to prevent neighbourhood deterioration and improve mental health outcomes after disaster events.
Modified transcervical lipofilling of the base of the tongue under local anaesthesia: Case series
Authors: Chu Francesco , De Benedetto Luigi , Zurlo Valeria , Mossinelli Chiara , Zorzi Stefano , Tagliabue Marta , De Berardinis Rita , Bandi Francesco , Pietrobon Giacomo , Ansarin Mohssen
Published: April 2022

Laryngeal carcinoma represents one-third of all head and neck cancers and is burdened by significant morbidity and mortality for advanced-stage disease. Surgical treatments, including Open Partial Horizontal Laryngectomy (OPHL), are often followed by long-lasting swallowing rehabilitation and more rarely, persistent dysphagia. Some authors reported single cases, successfully treated with fat injection of the base of tongue, but nowadays, a standardized technique has never been described so far. We provide a step-by-step technique description of the trans-cervical lipofilling of the base of the tongue (BOT) under local anaesthesia in a case series of three patients. The functional results have been evaluated with a videofluoroscopic study of deglutition and Penetration-Aspiration Score. The procedure was well tolerated; all patients were discharged after 24 hours without any majorcomplications. After six months, all patients had a steady improvement in swallowing. During follow-up, the videofluoroscopic study of deglutition confirmed a sensitive amelioration of the Penetration-Aspiration Score and an empowered base of tongue retropulsion. Finally, the lipofilling of the BOT under local anaesthesia showed to be a feasible, and reproducible procedure, for dysphagia after OPHLs.
Loneliness as a Mediator in the Association Between Social Isolation and Psychological Distress: A Cross-Sectional Study With Older Korean Immigrants in the United States
Authors: Park Juyoung , Jang Yuri , Oh Hans , Chi Iris
Published: April 2022

The present study explored the role of loneliness in the association between social isolation and psychological distress, using a cross-sectional sample of older Korean immigrants in the U.S. Considering structural (unmarried and living alone) and relational (isolation from family and friends) social isolation, we hypothesized that (1) both types of social isolation would be associated with loneliness and psychological distress and (2) their effect on psychological distress would be mediated through loneliness. Data came from the Study of Older Korean Americans (SOKA), a multisite survey of Korean immigrants aged 60 and older ( n = 2,150). The multivariate analyses demonstrated that older individuals with structural and relational isolation reported higher levels of loneliness and psychological distress. Loneliness was found to mediate the effect of both types of social isolation on psychological distress. The intervening role of loneliness suggests strategies to alleviate the mental health consequences of social isolation in older immigrants.
‘He Pours Love and You Eat It’: A Psychoanalytic Study of Human Contact and Love in Affective Labour
Authors: Özdemir Kaya D. Derya , Fotaki Marianna
Published: April 2022

This psychoanalytic study of affective labour focuses on its two central elements: human contact and love. It is based on a multi-sited organizational ethnography of the fine dining sector in Istanbul, Turkey, where new restaurant areas known as ‘show kitchens’ place chefs in face-to-face contact with patrons. To understand the psychosocial processes of affective production, we analyse chefs’ and patrons’ experiences of encounters in and around ‘show kitchens’. We demonstrate that affect is produced through unconscious contact mediated by socio-cultural representations, which are hegemonized by the ethos of love for one’s job. We contribute to the extant literature on affective labour by studying the desirous interplay between producers and consumers of affect. Specifically, we theorize the role of the psyche in affective production, and offer a new, psychoanalytic conceptualization of affective labour. We conclude by discussing our conceptualization’s organizational and political implications.
Understanding Frameworking for Smart and Sustainable City Development: A configurational approach
Authors: White Leroy , Burger Katharina
Published: April 2022

In recent decades, frameworks combining rankings and indices for smart and sustainable city development have proliferated. Stakeholders respond to them in various ways for strategizing towards urban sustainability. We refer to this as frameworking, which we identify as focusing on how frameworks are commensurated. However, research on commensuration has concentrated mostly on reactivity towards metrics. Little is known about how stakeholders contemplate the quality of and reaction to rankings and indices. We examine this issue through a configurational analysis of a set of European cities that consistently appear in these frameworks. We unveil several configurations of smart city metrics that relate to sustainability. Based on these effects, we theorize frameworking as differences in the relative configurations of smart city metrics that can generate performance. These configurations relate to three underlying dimensions: smart city capability, reactivity and context. We show that when frameworking is studied configurationally, we can identify the previously under-researched response to the quality of indices and reactivity to metrics. Finally, we discuss the theoretical and practical implications of a complex account of frameworks relevant to boosting urban sustainability.
Prosocial Organizing and the Distance between Core and Community Work
Authors: Cavotta Valeria , Mena Sébastien
Published: April 2022

Research on prosocial organizing has made great strides in understanding how organizations foster durable social change through core work directly targeting specific beneficiaries (e.g. work integration), and also through community work to obtain the cooperation of key stakeholders. Yet, extant research tends to focus on community work that is closely related – or proximal – to core work and is thus weakly equipped to explain how seemingly unrelated, distal community work unfolds. To address this puzzle, we study an Italian work integration social enterprise that engaged in anti-Mafia work to support its core work of reintegrating people with mental health issues. We unveiled the process whereby it came to engage in this distal community work, how this work facilitated the destigmatization of the beneficiaries and, ultimately, their reintegration in the community. We contribute to the literature on prosocial organizing by providing a more complex and nuanced view of the relationship between core and community work, as well as how to manage stigma.
The impact of COVID-19-related anti-Asian discrimination on sexual communication and relationships among Asian individuals in the United States
Authors: Li Yachao , Samp Jennifer A
Published: April 2022

Asian individuals in the United States have experienced heightened racial discrimination during the COVID-19 pandemic, which may reduce positive relationship processes and damage intimate relationships, including their sexual behaviors and quality. Guided by the chilling effect and Interpersonal Exchange Model of Sexual Satisfaction, this study explores how COVID-19-related anti-Asian discrimination moderates the relationships between sexual relationship power, sexual self-disclosure, and sexual satisfaction. Results ( N = 294 partnered Asian adults) showed that as racial discrimination increased, the positive relationship between sexual relationship power and sexual self-disclosure decreased. As people experienced more racial discrimination, the positive effects of sexual self-disclosure on sexual satisfaction also decreased. Sexual power positively predicted sexual satisfaction via sexual communication, only when COVID-19-related discrimination was low or moderate. This study demonstrates how racial discrimination interacts with relational factors to predict Asian individuals’ sexual communication and, in turn, sexual satisfaction. More public attention and efforts should be devoted to combating anti-Asian discrimination during the pandemic and beyond.
Review: NF-kB activation in canine cancer
Authors: Schlein Lisa J. , Thamm Douglas H.
Published: April 2022

Spontaneous tumors in dogs share several environmental, epidemiologic, biologic, clinical and molecular features with a wide variety of human cancers, making this companion animal an attractive model. Nuclear factor kappa B (NF-kB) transcription factor overactivation is common in several human cancers, and there is evidence that similar signaling aberrations also occur in canine cancers including lymphoma, leukemia, hemangiosarcoma, mammary cancer, melanoma, glioma, and prostate cancer. This review provides an overview of NF-kB signaling biology, both in health and in cancer development. It also summarizes available evidence of aberrant NF-kB signaling in canine cancer, and reviews antineoplastic compounds that have been shown to inhibit NF-kB activity used in various types of canine cancers. Available data suggest that dogs may be an excellent model for human cancers that have overactivation of NF-kB.
When Doves Feed Hawks: Ottoman War Decision and European Powers Towards the Crimean War
Authors: Balci Ali , Kardaş Tuncay , Turan Yıldırım , Ediz İsmail
Published: April 2022

When does the war party win in the decision-making process? Why does the peace party lose even if war is too risky? In this article, we show that certain balancing acts of the peace party might increase the confidence of the war party. We examine how the Ottoman Empire’s risky Crimean War decision and its war declaration against Russia on 4 October 1853 were shaped by internal debating through time, foreign penetration, and dynamic interplay between the Ottoman decision makers and a changing European strategic environment. The large literature on the Crimean War does not include a systematic analysis of the Ottoman origins of the Crimean War and the Ottoman war decision. We trace the Ottoman decision-making process in the fateful months of 1853 to establish the origins of the Crimean War. We empirically demonstrate the gradual formation of the Porte’s war decision by showing how the peace front stumbled upon war by inadvertently changing the decision structure in favor of the war party within a year.
Disparate Approaches to Maintaining Roads and Sidewalks: An Interview Study of 16 U.S. Cities
Authors: Jane Gibson Peyton , Marshall Wesley E.
Published: April 2022

America’s “crumbling roads” currently headline the infrastructure zeitgeist, but deteriorating sidewalks are also in desperate need. Sidewalks can be vibrant, social conduits in cities that, when safe and well-maintained, enhance public health and enable accessible passage for all residents, particularly the most vulnerable. The scant but burgeoning research on pedestrian infrastructure has largely focused on data collection technologies and spatial analysis. This research instead seeks to uncover the similarities and differences in how American cities treat their road versus sidewalk networks by asking: are these two indispensable assets of daily urban public life repaired, maintained, and funded disparately? The research was structured around interviews with employees of 16 U.S. cities about their road and sidewalk policies and procedures. We found multiple disparities between roads and sidewalks in and among American cities, including: municipality responsibility, repair timeliness, data availability, and condition assessment. We also discuss cities’ pressing concerns for these assets and directions for future research. The implications of this study could affect several themes across transportation infrastructure, including project prioritization, equity, and efficient government spending.
Impact of Pretreatment Decay on the Mechanical Properties of Wood Railroad Ties
Authors: Shahan Andrew L. , Denavit Mark D. , Taylor Adam M. , Lloyd Jeffry D.
Published: April 2022

Wood is the traditional material choice for railroad ties and one that is well-suited for the future. Wood railroad ties are preservative treated to ensure adequate service life. Borate treatment in combination with creosote or copper naphthenate (i.e., dual treatment) is a widely accepted practice. However, the timing of the borate treatment varies in different manufacturing processes and some ties are first treated only after the lengthy air-drying process. Before treatment, the wood is vulnerable to decay but there are limited data on the impact of pretreatment decay of wood railroad ties. This paper presents experimental testing to quantify the impact of pretreatment decay on the mechanical properties of wood railroad ties. Initial static bending and compression tests were performed on small clear samples subjected to different treatment schemes. Later testing included static bending, spike pull-out, and compression tests of full-size railroad ties. Several species were studied, including sweetgum and red oak, which are commonly used as railroad ties, and yellow poplar and southern yellow pine, which are not. Pretreatment decay resulted in as much as a 19% decrease in the average spike pull-out resistance and a 27% decrease in modulus of rupture in full-size ties. Degradation in mechanical properties from pretreatment decay was in some cases greater than the initial differences between species. The results of this study will enable more informed decisions to be made on the manufacture and use of wood materials in rail infrastructure and potentially enable the use of nontraditional abundant species.
Impact, Ramifications and Taking Back Control: A Qualitative Study of Male Survivors of Childhood Sexual Abuse
Authors: Patterson Tess , Campbell Anna , La Rooy David , Hobbs Linda , Clearwater Ken , Rapsey Charlene
Published: April 2022

There is increasing recognition of the occurrence and frequency of male childhood sexual abuse (MCSA). Quantitative and qualitative research has demonstrated a number of adverse outcomes associated with MCSA in terms of mental health, physical health and difficulties in behavioural, social or interrelationship functioning. The present study gives voice to male survivors of childhood sexual abuse by exploring themes around the impact of MCSA over the course of their life. Interpretative phenomenological analysis (IPA) of semi-structured interviews with nine male survivors of childhood sexual abuse identified a single overarching theme of control and six related superordinate themes of: (i) responsibility, blame and shame; (ii) development of knowledge about sex and abuse; (iii) avoidance of coping with abuse; (iv) effects on relationships as adults; (v) disclosure of abuse to others; and (vi) gaining a sense of meaning of the abuse. The findings showed that being sexually abused defines and controls a person’s life, and that despite the difficulties experienced by victims to move past the abuse, some experienced a degree of personal growth. The findings illustrate the way in which individuals can create meaning around their abuse experiences and take back control.
Are All Welcome? An Empirical Examination of Visitor Networks Among Incarcerated Youth
Authors: Young Brae
Published: April 2022

Although research finds that visitation can be quite beneficial for incarcerated youth, there is variability in when visits matter. One source of heterogeneity is who visits, with existing research finding that certain visitor types are more helpful than others. What has yet to be considered, though, is the importance of visitor networks as a whole. Using latent class analysis, this study examines whether incarcerated youths’ visitors form unique networks, and whether the visitation-recidivism relationship differs across these groups. Results indicate that youths’ visitors fall into three categories: caretakers, immediate family, or a full network of visitors, and that the visitation-recidivism relationship differs across these groups. The results underscore the need for future research to consider not only the individual visitors that incarcerated persons receive but also their visitor network as a whole.
Waste to wealth: Recycling of steel slag as flux for the submerged arc welding process and its effect on mechanical and metallurgical properties of welds
Authors: Saini Sumit , Singh Kulwant
Published: April 2022

A novel technology has been developed to recycle steel slag as a flux for the submerged arc welding process. The chemical, mechanical, and metallurgical properties of welds produced using recycled slag have been evaluated and compared with that of fresh flux available in the market. The tensile strengths of weld metal prepared with recycled slag and fresh flux are 462.25 MPa and 471.49 MPa, which are comparable. The impact strength of welds produced using recycled slag is 83.66 J which is acceptable in accordance with AWS SFA 5.17 specifications. The welds produced were subjected to non-destructive tests such as radiography and also dye-penetration test apart from visual inspection to ascertain the soundness of welds produced. Metallurgical investigations were carried out, and a favorable microstructure containing acicular ferrite was obtained in welds deposited using recycled slag. Similar trends of microhardness survey have been observed in both the welds produced.
A tool for rapid simulation and sizing of hybrid traction systems with fuel cells
Authors: Pugi Luca , Berzi Lorenzo , Cirillo Francesco , Vecchi Alessandro , Pagliazzi Viola
Published: April 2022

Diesel multiple units (DMU) offer an affordable alternative to electric trains on lines in which infrastructural and maintenance costs of electrification are not justified. A further improvement of sustainability involves the abandonment of internal combustion engines in favour of an electric power train sustained by an on-board storage system. In this work, the authors propose a model to perform a rapid simulation of hybrid storage systems based on hydrogen fuel cells,a technology that should be complementary with respect to battery-operated trains. The proposed tool is applied, as a benchmark test case, to a modular passenger train devoted to regional service. Obtained results clearly demonstrate the capabilities of proposed tools and give useful indications for a feasible optimization and integration of fuel cells for railway applications.
Static and dynamic effects of train-track-bridge system subject to environment-induced deformation of long-span railway bridge
Authors: Han Zhaoling , Zhu Shengyang , Zhai Wanming , Zhu Bin
Published: April 2022

Laying ballastless tracks on a long-span railway bridge with a main span greater than 300 m is a challenge in engineering practice and has aroused significant concerns. Influenced by complicated environmental factors, long-span railway bridges in service deform with large amplitudes and complex shapes, which may result in damage to the track structure and threaten the running safety and ride comfort of trains. In this study, we investigate some typical statics and dynamics problems under the actual conditions of a long-span cable-stayed high-speed railway bridge with a main span of 400 m and laying ballastless track. The track-bridge finite element model and dynamic interaction model of the train-track-bridge system are first established. Furthermore, the influences of the complicated environment-induced bridge deformations are comprehensively investigated using the curvature method that reveals the deformation compatibility of the bridge-track system and indicates the dynamic interaction behavior of the train-track-bridge system subject to train running speeds and bridge deformations. Results indicate that excellent dynamic performance of the train-track-bridge system can be achieved by setting an elastic cushion of 0.1 N/mm3 under the track bed. Interface damage between track layers will not occur directly because of the complex deformations of the bridge decks. The bridge deformations induced by the environmental temperature and the concrete creep are qualified. The dynamic responses of the train-track-bridge system are also excellent under the excitations of bridge deformations. Dynamic simulations of the train-track-bridge system are proposed to evaluate long-span bridge deformations subject to complicated service situations in comparison with an oversimplified statics evaluation.
Anal cytology screening in men who have sex with men with HIV at a university hospital in Bogotá, Colombia
Authors: Ordoñez-Blanco I. Tatiana , Martínez-Vernaza Samuel , Blair Kevin J , Quiroga Camilo , Lowenstein Ellen , Lombana Amaya Luis J , Clark Jesse , Lake Jordan E , Valderrama-Beltrán Sandra Liliana
Published: April 2022

Background:

Risk of anal squamous cell carcinoma (anal cancer) is greater among men who have sex with men (MSM) living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). We describe the frequency of and factors associated with abnormal anal cytology results in Colombian MSM living with HIV.

Methods:

This retrospective observational cohort study included MSM ≥18 years old living with HIV screened with anal cytology at Hospital Universitario San Ignacio in Bogotá, Colombia between January 2019 and February 2020. A multivariable log-binomial regression model estimated associations with abnormal anal cytology.

Results:

A total of 211 patients were included. Mean age was 35.6 years. Sixty-eight (32.3%) had an abnormal anal cytology result: ASC-US 33.8% ( n = 23); LSIL 60.3% ( n = 41); and HSIL 5.9% ( n = 4). MSM with an STI diagnosis in the previous 12 months (RR 1.48, [95% CI 1.03–2.12], p = 0.032) or with a CD4+ T cell count <200 (RR 2.08 [95% CI 1.16–3.73], p = 0.014) were significantly more likely to have abnormal anal cytology.

Conclusions:

These data provide crucial information to guide scale up of anal cancer screening at select centers in Colombia. Our results also suggest STI prevention efforts and improved virological control among MSM living with HIV may have the secondary benefit of reducing the risk of anal cancer.
Ease of Doing Business amidst COVID-19 Pandemic: A Case Study of Rajasthan
Authors: Choudhary Boola , Choudhary Chitra , Bhatnagar Sumedha
Published: April 2022

The present study attempts to highlight the overview of the regulatory reforms undertaken by Government of Rajasthan and also investigates the impact of COVID-19 on the small businesses of the state. The study is based upon primary survey. The result of the survey depicts that the regulatory reforms undertaken by the state have positive effect on the businesses, though the existing reforms could only provide limited support to the losses incurred by business during the time of pandemic. The results highlight that the key challenges faced by all the businesses include repayment and acquiring loans, payment of wages and salaries, weakening of demand and retaining of workforce. The effective ways to support the revival from losses include technological innovations, increase the sales and demand for goods, lowering of the cost to business along with the incentives and bailout packages given by the government. The study gives the perception of businesses that can help policymakers and public representatives to design state-specific strategic plan for the revival of businesses from the losses caused during the pandemic.
How Does Brand Pride Help Consumers Take the Right Decisions?
Authors: Arshad Sana , Abdul-Talib Asmat-Nizam
Published: April 2022

The desire to be proud of something is a natural emotion. However, the marketing and behavioural science disciplines have yet to catch up with the powerful intrinsic feeling of pride. Hence, our article aims to better understand brand pride, a less studied construct, by considering the literature on branding, consumer–brand relationships, brand pride and its behavioural outcomes. Based on the literature, we identify several research themes: (a) the nature of the construct brand and the construct pride, (b) from consumer to brand pride and (c) context of brand pride as emotion and outcomes of brand pride. We recommend future research directions to enhance further the literature based on the review.
The Middle East in India’s Quest for Status
Authors: Alhasan Hasan T.
Published: April 2022

The temptation to explain India’s foreign policy behaviour in the Middle East through the lens of power alone has obscured a rich history of Indian diplomacy in the region that escapes power-centric explanations. India’s relentless advocacy for Palestinian statehood, its diplomatic support for the weaker Arab states against Israel and Western powers and its role in UN mediation and peacekeeping missions in the region are difficult to explain using a structural realist framework that privileges power alone. Challenging the dominant historiographies, this article introduces the concept of status into the study of India’s behaviour in the Middle East. Based on a re-reading of secondary sources, it argues that status and power have been articulated in various ways in India’s behaviour in the Middle East. Under prime ministers Jawaharlal Nehru and Indira Gandhi, India pursued status without power, following a primarily normative strategy of status-seeking in the region that afforded India considerable deference at the United Nations and the Non-Aligned Movement. Following India’s nuclear tests of 1998 and a decade of economic growth, however, power and status converged in India’s behaviour in the Middle East through further alignment with US interests in the region and greater use of naval power projection. By shedding light on the various possible ways in which status and power articulate, this article attempts to step away from the artificial opposition between morals and self-interest as guiding principles of foreign policy. The inquiry into status challenges the prevalent historiographies and analytical frameworks that have dominated the discussion on India’s foreign policy in the Middle East, generating productive openings for reconceptualising and reimagining the field.
Police immunity from criminal liability: The High Court and the Zachary Rolfe murder trial
Authors: Gray Stephen
Published: April 2022

This article considers the High Court decision of November 2021 concerning the immunity from criminal prosecution for police contained in the Northern Territory’s Police Administration Act. It then discusses the idiosyncratic way the immunity came into being, and the question of whether it was introduced by accident or design. Thirdly, it considers the desirability of including immunities of this sort in police powers legislation, arguing that criminal immunities of this type have no place in legislation governing the powers and functions of police.
Can employers mandate their employees receive the COVID-19 vaccine?
Authors: Jefferies Katherine
Published: April 2022

This article considers the legality of employers mandating the COVID-19 vaccination in Australia. A current and pertinent topic of debate, the author explores the multiple avenues an employer may have in order to make the COVID-19 vaccine compulsory and makes comparison to other regularly accepted vaccinations such as the influenza immunisation.
A career development program: Building resilience in veterinary undergraduates
Authors: Taylor Donnalee B. , Johns Kellie M. , Reilly Margaret L. , Hedlefs Robert M.
Published: April 2022

Retaining workers in high stress occupations and preparing undergraduates to enter these occupations continues to intensify along with mental health and wellbeing challenges. The veterinary profession is particularly vulnerable to poor psychological health which contributes negatively to the retention of veterinarians in the profession. Employing the positive psychology theoretical model rationale, and the andragogy philosophies and approaches, a veterinary career development (VCD) program was scaffolded across a five year Bachelor of Veterinary Science (BVSc) degree. Thematic analysis of participants’ feedback with a focus on what they think, feel and do provided valuable insights into participants’ developing skill-strength and tacit knowledge, and their resilience-building. The authors believe this is the first report on the creation and outcomes of a veterinary career development program that fosters the building of resilience through the attainment of tacit knowledge and practical skills required for successful employment and wellbeing.
A Holistic Career Framework: Integrating Bourdieu and career theory
Authors: Gander Michelle
Published: April 2022

This study sets out to argue for the interplay between structure and agency to create a deeper understanding of careers. Using Bourdieu's Theory of Practice as an integrative framework for career theory, this study sets out to answer two questions: (1) does the concept of a Holistic Career Framework add value to the career debate by placing emphasis on both agency and structure? (2) does a Holistic Career Framework help link theory with practice? One hundred and thirty-nine career stories from university professional staff were analysed using a narrative approach, coded and thematically analysed for overarching patterns. The Holistic Career Framework was used as a lens to further understand individual career needs and decisions. By analysing the career stories of university professional staff, and understanding the context in which they operate, a deeper understanding of career behaviour and decision-making is provided.
Place identity and careers in regional Australia
Authors: McIlveen Peter , Alchin Carolyn , Hoare P. Nancey , Bowman Sarah , Harris Rebecca , Gotting Geraldine , Gilmour John , Perera Harsha N. , Beccaria Lisa , Kossen Chris , Cavaye Jim , Creed Allison , McDonald Nicole
Published: April 2022

Emerging public discourse about making a “tree change”, “green change”, or “sea change” emphasizes the putative benefits of working and residing in regional Australia. Yet, attracting and retaining workers in the regions is a challenge for policymakers, governments, and industries. The present research involved two separate surveys of people residing in regional Australian communities to discern demographic and psychological predictors of their intent to stay in their region: income, years in the region, family, life satisfaction, job satisfaction, and place identity. Multiple regression analyses found incremental evidence of place identity as a predictor of intent to stay. The findings regarding place identity have implications for career development practice, human resources recruitment strategies, and public policy focused on regional Australia.
“Failed” Matches, Child Removals, and Disrupted Placements: Devastating and Invisible Losses During the Family-Building Journey for LGBTQ Adoptive Parents
Authors: Goldberg Abbie E. , Allen Katherine R.
Published: April 2022

Reproductive loss, which includes miscarriage and nongestational loss, such as adoption loss, is rarely recognized as part of the family-building journey. Such loss tends to be even more invisible among LGBTQ individuals. The current study examines the experiences of 80 LGBTQ individuals who experienced adoption-related losses (i.e., failed adoption matches, child removals, disrupted child placements), with attention to how these losses impacted them and what enabled them to move forward. Participants who pursued private domestic adoption experienced failed matches (i.e., birth parents deciding to parent or choosing another family) both before ( n = 21) and/or after ( n = 24) a child was born. Participants who pursued public domestic adoption experienced child removals involving reunification with birth parents ( n = 14) and other birth relatives ( n = 18), as well as disrupted placements initiated by parents ( n = 10) and children ( n = 7). Failed matches, child removals, and disrupted placements were typically experienced as “crushing” and invisible losses. They were often followed by a period of grieving, and sometimes prompted adjustments to the type of matches or placements participants would consider (e.g., to mitigate the likelihood of future similar losses). Moving forward from adoption losses was facilitated by support from partners and those who experienced similar losses, knowledge or hope regarding the children once in their care, and finally being placed with the child(ren) whom they ultimately legally adopted.
Impact of Aligner, Normalization Method, and Sequencing Depth on TempO-seq Accuracy
Authors: Everett Logan J , Mav Deepak , Phadke Dhiral P , Balik-Meisner Michele R , Shah Ruchir R
Published: April 2022

High-throughput transcriptomics has advanced through the introduction of TempO-seq, a targeted alternative to traditional RNA-seq. TempO-seq platforms use 50 nucleotide probes, each specifically designed to target a known transcript, thus allowing for reduced sequencing depth per sample compared with RNA-seq without compromising the accuracy of results. Thus far, studies using the TempO-seq method have relied on existing tools for processing the resulting short read data. However, these tools were originally designed for other data types. While they have been used for processing of early TempO-seq data, they have not been systematically assessed for accuracy or compared to determine an optimal framework for processing and analyzing TempO-seq data. In this work, we re-analyze several publicly available TempO-seq data sets covering a range of experimental designs and use corresponding RNA-seq data sets as a gold standard to rigorously assess accuracy at multiple levels. We compare 6 aligners and 5 normalization methods across various accuracy and performance metrics. Our results demonstrate the overall robust accuracy of the TempO-seq platform, independent of data processing methods. Complex aligners and advanced normalization methods do not appear to have any general advantage over simpler methods when it comes to analyzing TempO-seq data. The reduced complexity of the sequencing space, and the fact that TempO-seq probes are all equal length, appears to reduce the need for elaborate bioinformatic or statistical methods used to address these factors in RNA-seq data.
Urinary Pesticide Residual Levels and Acute Respiratory Infections in Children Under 5 Years of Age: Findings From the Offinso North Farm Health Study
Authors: Akyeampong Enoch , Bend John R , Luginaah Isaac , Oscar Yawson David , Jerry Cobbina Samuel , Ato Armah Frederick , Osei Adu Michael , Kofi Essumang David , Iddi Samuel , Botwe Paul K , Quansah Reginald
Published: April 2022

Background:

Several environmental factors are associated with the risk of acute lower respiratory infections (ALRIs) and upper respiratory infections (URIs) in children under 5 years of age (YOA). Evidence implicating chemical pesticides remains equivocal. There are also no data on this subject in these children in Ghana. This study investigated the association between urinary pesticide residual levels and the risk for ALRIs/URIs in children under 5 YOA.

Methods:

The participants for this study were from the Offinso North Farm Health Study, a population-based cross-sectional study. Two hundred and fifty four parents/guardians who had answered affirmatively to the question “Has your child ever accompanied you to the farm?” were interviewed on household socio-demographic and environmental factors, being breastfed, child education, age, gender, and respiratory infection. One hundred fifty children were randomly selected to provide the first void urine.

Results:

The proportion of children with ALRI was 22.1% and those with URI was 35.8%. We observed a statistically significant exposure-response relation of p,p′-DDE (tertile) with ALRI (1.7-3.2 µg/L urine: prevalence ratio [PR] = 1.22 [1.05-1.70], ⩾3.2 µg/L urine: 1.50 [1.07-3.53] [ P-for trend = .0297]). This observation was in children older than two YOA ( P-for trend = .0404). Delta-HCH and beta-HCH (2-levels) were significantly associated with ALRI but not URI. The risk of ALRI increased with deltamethrin levels in an exposure-response manner (2.5-9.5 µg/L urine: 2.10 [1.37-3.24], ⩾9.5 µg/L urine: 4.38 [1.87-10.32] [ P-for trend = .0011]) and this was also observed in children older than two YOA. Similar observation was noted for URI. Bifenthrin (>0.5 µg/L urine) was positively associated with ALRI and URI whereas permethrin (⩾1.2 µg/L urine) was not associated only with URI.

Conclusions:

The present study supports the hypothesis that exposure to chemical pesticides is associated with respiratory infections in children under 5 YOA.
Refeeding Syndrome Developed in a Patient With Kwashiorkor Can Mimic Findings of Mitochondrial Disorder
Authors: Özer Işil
Published: April 2022

Kwashiorkor is a serious nutritional disease. The 7-month-old male patient presented with severe metabolic acidosis and elevated liver enzymes. His condition was similar to fatty acid oxidation defect. He was taken to the hospital on the previous day with complaints of poor sucking and difficulty breathing. Treatment of upper respiratory tract infection was provided and then he returned to his home. He was cyanotic in bed after 12 hours. The patient, who was taken to the hospital unconscious and not fed for 12 hours, was not given any food orally in the first health center. Until laboratory tests are done, only iv electrolyte and a fluid containing dextrose were given. When the laboratory results were found to be significantly pathological, he was urgently referred to our hospital 4 hours after the admission. The content of the iv treatment applied at the time of referral was not clearly written. Low electrolytes, uric acid, liver enzymes, urea and creatinine elevation were detected at an outer center. Ketosis, lactic acidosis and dibasic aciduria were detected in urine organic acid analysis. He was diagnosed with Kwashiorkor and refeeding syndrome according to the clinical and laboratory findings. His complaints improved with appropriate treatment.
Thinking and the Moral Landscape
Authors: Brinkmann Svend
Published: April 2022

Hannah Arendt’s unfinished masterpiece The Life of the Mind contains an analysis and spirited defense of thinking, which is more relevant than ever. Thinking, for Arendt, is not simply a cognitive process of problem solving, but is an existential process of meaning making. Unlike cognitions, which are instrumental, Arendt argues that thinking is an activity that is performed for its own sake. In this paper, I follow both Arendt and her teacher, Martin Heidegger, and ask, first, why non-instrumental thinking has become difficult in today’s world. There is a strong cultural critique in Arendt’s perspective on the inherent value of thinking, directed at a society in which almost everything is judged in terms of instrumental performativity. Second, I unfold what I call Arendt’s view of the moral landscape to which thinking is connected, before I conclude by discussing ways in which spaces for thinking in Arendt’s sense can be created in schools, making a form of Bildung possible for human beings.
Incidence of appendicitis during COVID-19 lockdown: A nationwide population-based study
Authors: Jantzen Amalie T. , Bang-Nielsen Anders , Bertelsen Claus A. , Torp-Pedersen Christian , Kleif Jakob
Published: April 2022

Aim:

To investigate how a nationwide lockdown influences the incidence of appendicitis.

Background:

Communitive infectious diseases may play a role in the pathogenesis of appendicitis as indicated by a seasonal variation in the incidence rate. The spread of communitive infectious diseases has decreased during the COVID-19 pandemic lockdown; thus, we have an opportunity to study the incidence rate of appendicitis in an environment with less impact from common community infections.

Methods:

The study is a nationwide register-based cohort study of the entire Danish population of 5.8 million. The difference in the incidence of appendicitis in a population subjugated to a controlled lockdown with social distancing (study group) was compared to a population not subjugated to a controlled lockdown and social distancing (reference group).

Results:

The relative risk of appendicitis during the lockdown was 0.92 (95% confidence interval (CI): 0.82–1.03, p = 0.131). The relative risk of complicated appendicitis during the lockdown was 0.68 (95% CI: 0.49–0.93, p = 0.02). The incidence of uncomplicated appendicitis was not significantly different during the national lockdown.

Conclusions:

During the national lockdown of Denmark due to the COVID-19 pandemic the incidence of complicated appendicitis was reduced significantly compared to previous years, indicating that infectious disease might be a factor in the pathogenesis of appendicitis with complications.

Trial Registration:

The study was registered on ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT04407117).
The centre for the study of ethnicity and citizenship: Multiculturalism, racialisation, religion and national identity twenty years on
Authors: Modood Tariq , Uberoi Varun , Thompson Simon
Published: April 2022

In November 2019, a conference was held at the University of Bristol to mark the twentieth anniversary of the Centre for the Study of Ethnicity and Citizenship. This special issue of Ethnicities brings together a set of articles by a number of the keynote speakers at that conference. By doing so, it celebrates the Centre’s achievements over these two decades, reveals how the field has changed over the last twenty years, gives a good indication of the range of the Centre’s current activities and also hints at some of the directions which it may take in the future.
Still waters run deep: The invisible life of working mothers with disabilities in Lithuania
Authors: Gevorgianienė Violeta , Šumskienė Egle , Bradley Ciara
Published: April 2022

This article explores the challenges faced by women with disabilities in combining the roles of ‘mother’ and ‘worker’ in Lithuania and reflects on the strategies mothers employed to overcome these. Semi-structured interviews were undertaken with twenty women with a variety of (dis)abling conditions and diverse life experiences between 2014 and 2018. In-depth thematic analysis by qualitative research teams revealed a constant tension in women’s aspirations to have a family and work. This revealed women’s enormous personal resources which facilitated them to overcome challenges they faced in motherhood as well as seemingly insurmountable obstacles to employment. However, within the vicious circle of social and economic challenges, they fought their battles with silent compliance, which hid their experiences and potentially denied them opportunities for support. This research reveals a policy response in Lithuania that categorises disability as an individual issue to be overcome rather than a socially constructed experience. The findings indicate the need for reframing understanding at macro, as well as micro-level policy interventions. At the micro-level, sensitive forms of professional support would help mothers with disabilities to choose more pronounced strategies of coping while also maintaining their dignity and privacy. These findings provide insights into the specific situation of women in Lithuania but are also relevant to many other contexts.
Vicarious Post-traumatic Growth in Professionals Exposed to Traumatogenic Material: A Systematic Literature Review
Authors: Tsirimokou Alexandra , Kloess Juliane A. , Dhinse Sonia K.
Published: April 2022

Repeated exposure to traumatogenic material as part of work with traumatised individuals can have detrimental effects on professionals’ well-being. Growing research has explored this phenomenon, known as ‘vicarious traumatisation’. Nevertheless, little research has focused on the positive effects of this work on professionals, namely, ‘vicarious post-traumatic growth’. This literature review aims to identify existing research demonstrating mental health professionals’ experiences of growth, along with environmental and personal factors that facilitate this growth. Eight qualitative and seven quantitative articles were identified following a systematic search of six electronic databases and assessed for their quality using standardised checklists. Qualitative studies were assessed using the Quality Appraisal Checklist for Qualitative Studies (NICE, 2012), and quantitative studies were assessed using the Appraisal Tool for Cross-Sectional Studies (Downes et al., 2016). Professionals described changes in the way they view themselves, the value they place on their relationships and their appreciation for life. Important organisational factors and personal traits were identified as significant predictors for professionals’ growth. Our findings have the potential to inform practical recommendations and directions for future research.
Creating Faithful Transcripts in Multilingual/Bimodal Interview Contexts
Authors: Howerton-Fox Amanda , Kretschmer Robert E.
Published: April 2022

This article details the transcription process we developed to handle bimodal and multilingual interview data collected during our research into the teacher language awareness (TLA) of two high-quality teachers in a Swedish bilingual school for the deaf. Both teachers used a combination of spoken Swedish, spoken English, and Teckenspråk (Sweden’s signed language) during our interviews. Because the interviews were being conducted in three languages and two modalities, the transcription process was particularly complex. We argue that accurate transcription in such linguistically complex contexts is possible but that it is important that the research community develop principles and procedures for transcribing multilingual and bimodal interview data in a way that honors participants’ intended messages as faithfully as possible.