bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Reading between the (Spectral) Lines: Magellan/IMACS Spectroscopy of the Ultrafaint Dwarf Galaxies Eridanus IV and Centaurus I
Authors: Heiger M. E. , Li T. S. , Pace A. B. , Simon J. D. , Ji A. P. , Chiti A. , Bom C. R. , Carballo-Bello J. A. , Carlin J. L. , Cerny W. , Choi Y. , Drlica-Wagner A. , James D. J. , Martínez-Vázquez C. E. , Medina G. E. , Mutlu-Pakdil B. , Navabi M. , Noël N. E. D. , Sakowska J. D. , Stringfellow G. S. ,   (DELVE Collaboration)
Published: January 2024

We present a spectroscopic analysis of Eridanus IV (Eri IV) and Centaurus I (Cen I), two ultrafaint dwarf galaxies of the Milky Way. Using IMACS/Magellan spectroscopy, we identify 28 member stars of Eri IV and 34 member stars of Cen I. For Eri IV, we measure a systemic velocity of

v

sys

=
−

31.5

−
1.2

+
1.3

km

s

−
1

, and velocity dispersion

σ

v

=

6.1

−
0.9

+
1.2

km

s

−
1

. Additionally, we measure the metallicities of 16 member stars of Eri IV. We find a metallicity of

[
Fe

/

H
]
=
−

2.87

−
0.07

+
0.08

, and resolve a dispersion of σ
[Fe/H]=0.20 ± 0.09. The mean metallicity is marginally lower than all other known ultrafaint dwarf galaxies, making it one of the most metal-poor galaxies discovered thus far. Eri IV also has a somewhat unusual right-skewed metallicity distribution. For Cen I, we find a velocity v
sys = 44.9 ± 0.8 km s−1, and velocity dispersion

σ

v

=

4.2

−
0.5

+
0.6

km

s

−
1

. We measure the metallicities of 27 member stars of Cen I, and find a mean metallicity [Fe/H] = −2.57 ± 0.08, and metallicity dispersion

σ

[
Fe

/

H
]

=

0.38

−
0.05

+
0.07

. We calculate the systemic proper motion, orbit, and the astrophysical J-factor for each system, the latter of which indicates that Eri IV is a good target for indirect dark matter detection. We also find no strong evidence for tidal stripping of Cen I or Eri IV. Overall, our measurements confirm that Eri IV and Cen I are dark-matter-dominated galaxies with properties largely consistent with other known ultrafaint dwarf galaxies. The low metallicity, right-skewed metallicity distribution, and high J-factor make Eri IV an especially interesting candidate for further follow-up.
VLA FRAMEx. I. Wideband Radio Properties of the AGN in NGC 4388
Authors: Sargent Andrew J. , Fischer Travis C. , Johnson Megan C. , van der Horst Alexander J. , Secrest Nathan J. , Shuvo Onic I. , Cigan Phil J. , Smith Krista L.
Published: January 2024

We present the first results from Karl G. Jansky Very Large Array (VLA) observations as a part of the Fundamental Reference Active Galactic Nucleus (AGN) Monitoring Experiment, a program to understand the relationship between AGN accretion physics and wavelength-dependent position as a function of time. With this VLA survey, we investigate the radio properties from a volume-complete sample of 25 hard X-ray-selected AGNs using the VLA in its wideband mode. We observed the targets in the A-array configuration at 4–12 GHz with all polarization products. In this work, we introduce our calibration and imaging methods for this survey, and we present our results and analysis for the radio-quiet AGN NGC 4388. We calibrated and imaged these data using the multiterm, multifrequency synthesis imaging algorithm to determine its spatial, spectral, and polarization structure across a continuous 4–12 GHz band. In the AGN, we measure a broken power law spectrum with α = − 0.06 below a break frequency of 7.3 GHz and α = − 0.34 above. We detect polarization at subarcsecond resolution across both the AGN and a secondary radio knot. We compare our results to ancillary data and find that the VLA radio continuum is likely due to AGN winds interacting with the local interstellar medium that gets resolved away at subparsec spatial scales as probed by the Very Long Baseline Array. A well-known ionization cone to the southwest of the AGN appears likely to be projected material onto the underside of the disk of the host galaxy.
Ring Gap Structure around Class I Protostar WL 17
Authors: Shoshi Ayumu , Harada Naoto , Tokuda Kazuki , Kawasaki Yoshihiro , Yamasaki Hayao , Sato Asako , Omura Mitsuki , Yamaguchi Masayuki , Tachihara Kengo , Machida Masahiro N.
Published: January 2024

WL 17 is a Class I object and was considered to have a ring–hole structure. We analyzed the structure around WL 17 to investigate the detailed properties of this object. We used Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array archival data, which have a higher angular resolution than previous observations. We investigated the WL 17 system with the 1.3 mm dust continuum and 12CO and C18O (J = 2–1) line emissions. The dust continuum emission showed a clear ring structure with inner and outer edges of ∼11 and ∼21 au, respectively. In addition, we detected an inner disk of <5 au radius enclosing the central star within the ring, the first observation of this structure. Thus, WL 17 has a ring–gap structure, not a ring–hole structure. We did not detect any marked emission in either the gap or inner disk, indicating that there is no sign of a planet, circumplanetary disk, or binary companion. We identified the source of both blueshifted and redshifted outflows based on the 12CO emission, which is clearly associated with the disk around WL 17. The outflow mass ejection rate is ∼3.6 × 10−7
M
⊙ yr−1 and the dynamical timescale is as short as ∼104 yr. The C18O emission showed that an inhomogeneous infalling envelope, which can induce episodic mass accretion, is distributed in the region within ∼1000 au from the central protostar. With these new findings, we can constrain the scenarios of planet formation and dust growth in the accretion phase of star formation.
A Comparative Study between M30 and M92: M92 is a Merger Remnant with a Large Helium Enhancement
Authors: Lee Jae-Woo
Published: January 2024

We perform a comparative study of the ex situ second-parameter pair globular clusters (GCs) M30 and M92, having similar metallicities but different horizontal branch morphologies. We obtain similar mean primordial carbon abundances for both clusters. However, M92 shows a large dispersion in carbon due to a more extended C–N anticorrelation, while M30 exhibits a higher primordial nitrogen abundance, suggesting that they have different chemical enrichment histories. Our new results confirm our previous result that M92 is a metal-complex GC showing a bimodal metallicity distribution. We also find that the metal-rich group of stars in M92 shows a helium enhancement as large as ΔY ∼ 0.05 from the red giant branch bump V magnitudes, which can also be supported by (i) a lack of bright red giant branch stars, (ii) synthetic evolutionary horizontal branch population models and (iii) the more extended spatial distribution due to different degree of the diffusion process from their lower masses. We reinterpret the [Eu/Fe] measurements by others, finding that the two metallicity groups of stars in M92 have significantly different [Eu/Fe] abundances with small scatters. This strongly suggests that they formed independently out of well-mixed interstellar media in different environments. We suggest that M92 is a more complex system than a normal GC, most likely a merger remnant of two GCs or an even more complex system. In the Appendix, we address the problems with the recently developed color–temperature relations and the usage of broadband photometry in the populational taggings.
An ALMA Spectroscopic Survey of the Brightest Submillimeter Galaxies in the SCUBA-2-COSMOS Field (AS2COSPEC): Physical Properties of z = 2–5 Ultra- and Hyperluminous Infrared Galaxies
Authors: Liao 廖 Cheng-Lin 政霖 , Chen 陳 Chian-Chou 建州 , Wang 王 Wei-Hao 為豪 , Smail Ian , Ao Y. , Chapman S. C. , Dudzevičiūtė U. , Frias Castillo M. , Lee Minju M. , Serjeant Stephen , Swinbank A. M. , Taylor Dominic J. , Umehata Hideki , Zhao Y.
Published: January 2024

We report the physical properties of the 18 brightest (S
870 μm = 12.4–19.2 mJy) and not strongly lensed 870 μm–selected dusty star-forming galaxies (DSFGs), also known as submillimeter galaxies (SMGs), in the COSMOS field. This sample is part of an ALMA band 3 spectroscopic survey (AS2COSPEC), and spectroscopic redshifts are measured in 17 of them at z = 2–5. We perform spectral energy distribution analyses and deduce a median total infrared luminosity of L
IR = (1.3 ± 0.1) × 1013
L
⊙, infrared-based star formation rate (SFR) of SFRIR = 1390 ± 150 M
⊙ yr−1, stellar mass of M
* = (1.4 ± 0.6) × 1011
M
⊙, dust mass of M
dust = (3.7 ± 0.5) × 109
M
⊙, and molecular gas mass of M
gas = (α
CO/0.8)(1.2 ± 0.1) × 1011
M
⊙, suggesting that they are one of the most massive, ISM-enriched, and actively star-forming systems at z = 2–5. In addition, compared to less massive and less active galaxies at similar epochs, SMGs have comparable gas fractions; however, they have a much shorter depletion time, possibly caused by more active dynamical interactions. We determine a median dust emissivity index of β = 2.1 ± 0.1 for our sample, and by combining our results with those from other DSFG samples, we find no correlation of β with redshift or infrared luminosity, indicating similar dust grain compositions across cosmic time for infrared luminous galaxies. We also find that AS2COSPEC SMGs have one of the highest dust-to-stellar mass ratios, with a median of 0.02 ± 0.01, significantly higher than model predictions, possibly due to too-strong active galactic nucleus feedback implemented in the model. Finally, our complete and uniform survey enables us to put constraints on the most massive end of the dust and molecular gas mass functions.
Disentangling Multiple Emitting Components in Molecular Observations with Nonnegative Matrix Factorization
Authors: de Mijolla Damien , Holdship Jonathan , Viti Serena , Heyl Johannes
Published: January 2024

Molecular emission from the galactic and extragalactic interstellar medium (ISM) is often used to determine the physical conditions of the dense gas. However, even from spatially resolved regions, the observed molecules do not necessarily arise from a single component. Disentangling multiple gas components is often a degenerate problem in radiative transfer studies. In this paper, we investigate the use of the nonnegative matrix factorization (NMF) approach as a means to recover gas components from a set of blended line intensity maps of molecular transitions that may trace different physical conditions. We run a series of experiments on synthetic data sets designed to replicate conditions in two very different environments: galactic pre-stellar cores and the ISM in high-redshift galaxies. We find that the NMF algorithm often recovers the multiple components resembling those used in the data-generating process, provided that the different components have similar column densities. When NMF fails to recover all the individual components it does however group together the most similarly emitting ones. We further found that initialization and regularisation are key factors in the efficiency of the NMF algorithm.
The Presolar Grain Database. I. Silicon Carbide
Authors: Stephan Thomas , Trappitsch Reto , Hoppe Peter , Davis Andrew M. , Bose Maitrayee , Boujibar Asmaa , Gyngard Frank , Hynes K. Mairin , Liu Nan , Nittler Larry R. , Ogliore Ryan C.
Published: January 2024

The Presolar Grain Database (PGD) contains the vast majority of isotope data (published and unpublished) on presolar grains and was first released as a collection of spreadsheets in 2009. It has been a helpful tool used by many researchers in cosmochemistry and astrophysics. However, over the years, accumulated errors compromised major parts of the PGD. Here, we provide a fresh start, with the PGD for silicon carbide (SiC) grains rebuilt from the ground up. We also provide updated rules for SiC grain type classification to unify previous efforts, taking into account newly discovered grain types. We also define a new grain type D, which includes some grains previously classified as ungrouped. Future work will focus on rebuilding the PGD for other kinds of presolar grains: graphite, oxides, silicates, and rarer phases.
Is the Far-ultraviolet Flux of 21 Com Anticorrelated to its Optical Brightness?
Authors: Monier Richard
Published: January 2024

The comparison of 20 ultraviolet spectra of 21 Com taken over continuous 24 hr to the optical counts collected by the Fine Error Sensor on board IUE reveals that large variations observed shortwards of 1700 Å occur in anti-phase with the optical brightness for part of the observations but not all. In this data, the FUV flux at 1540 Å reaches a minimum at rotational phase 0.32 and increases afterwards while the FES counts continue to increase after this phase. The Fe ii resonance line at 1608.45 Å is Doppler shifted by 0.13 Å at phase 0.00 and −0.13 Å at phase of FUV flux minimum.
A Possible Orbital Period of MAXI J0158-744
Authors: Chan Alex C. H. , Li K. L.
Published: January 2024

Optical Gravitational Lensing Experiment (OGLE) has observed Monitor of All-sky X-ray Image J0158-744 for at least 10 yr since the X-ray/optical burst in 2011, which is a Be+ White Dwarf Supersoft source. By analyzing the OGLE light curve, we noticed that the optical brightness was changing periodically, indicating a possible orbital period of

439

−
80

+
114

 days.
Dust Production Rates in Jupiter-family Comets: A Two Year Study with
ATLAS Photometry
Authors: Gillan A. Fraser , Fitzsimmons Alan , Denneau Larry , Siverd Robert J. , Smith Ken W. , Tonry John L. , Young David R.
Published: January 2024

Jupiter-family comets (JFCs) exhibit a wide range of activity levels and mass
loss over their orbits. We analyzed high-cadence observations of 42 active JFCs
with the wide-field Asteroid Terrestrial-impact Last Alert System (ATLAS) in
2020–2021. We measured the dust production rates of the JFCs using the Af
ρ parameter and its variation as a function of
heliocentric distance. There is a tendency for our JFC sample to exhibit a
maximum Af
ρ after perihelion, with 254P/McNaught and P/2020
WJ5 (Lemmon) having their maximum Af
ρ over a year after perihelion. On average, the
rate of change of activity postperihelion was shallower than preperihelion. We
also estimated the maximum mass-loss rate for 17 of the JFCs in our sample,
finding 4P/Faye to be the most active. We present a subset of comets whose
measured Af
ρ have been interpolated and extrapolated to a
common distance of 2 au preperihelion and postperihelion. From these
measurements we found no correlation of intrinsic activity with current
perihelion distance. For three of the JFCs in our sample, 6P/d’Arrest,
156P/Russell–LINEAR, and 254P/McNaught, there was no visible coma but a constant
absolute magnitude, which we attribute to a probable detection of the nucleus.
We derived upper limits for the nuclear radii of ≤2.1 ± 0.3 km, ≤2.0 ± 0.2 km,
and ≤4.0 ± 0.8 km, respectively. Finally, we found that 4P/Faye, 108P/Ciffreo,
132P/Helin–Roman–Alu 2, 141P/Machholz 2, and 398P/Boattini experienced outbursts
between 2020 and 2022.
Propranolol nanoemulgel: Preparation, in-vitro and ex-vivo characterization for a potential local hemangioma therapy
Authors: Abdullah Taif , Al-Kinani Khalid
Published: January 2024

A lack of safe and effective topical alternatives to oral propranolol HCl (PHCl) hampers optimal management of infantile hemangioma (IH), particularly in complex cases with severe side effects or treatment failures. This study aimed to develop a nanoemulsion gel (NEG) for topical PHCl delivery. A meticulously formulated nanoemulsion (NE) encapsulated with clove oil, Tween 20, and polyethylene glycol 400 emerged as the standout candidate (NE3) due to its exceptional stability, resilience, and favorable drug loading. NE3 exhibited a remarkable globule size of 14.57 nm, a low polydispersity index (PDI) of 0.282, and a stabilizing zeta potential of −19.89 mV. The subsequent formulation of PHCl-NEG displayed desired rheological and spreadability properties for topical application. Ex-vivo skin retention and permeation studies revealed effective PHCl deposition within the dermal layer with minimal systemic exposure. This promising approach offers a potential alternative to oral PHCl, potentially mitigating severe side effects and improving outcomes in complex IH cases.
Metabolic syndrome awareness in the general Korean population: results from a nationwide survey
Authors: Kim Hyun-Jin , Shin Mi-Seung , Kim Kyung-Hee , Jung Mi-Hyang , Cho Dong-Hyuk , Lee Ju-Hee , Koh Kwang Kon
Published: January 2024

Background/Aims: Metabolic syndrome (MetS) raises the risk of cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes. An awareness of MetS is vital for early detection and proactive management, which can mitigate the risks associated with MetS. Therefore, our study aimed to investigate the level of awareness of MetS among the Korean population.Methods: We conducted a nationwide survey between January and February 2023 among a representative sample of the Korean population using an online survey. Information regarding the awareness of MetS and its risk, the importance of lifestyle modification, and health behavior were collected. The question about the awareness of MetS was “How much do you think you know about MetS?” and there were five answers: 1) I know very well, 2) I know well, 3) I know a little, 4) I do not know, and 5) I have no idea. The high-awareness group was defined as those who answered that they knew very well or well.Results: Among 1,000 participants (mean age, 45.7 ± 13.2 yr), 29% were unaware of MetS, and only 20.8% had high awareness. The high-awareness group was significantly more knowledgeable about lifestyle modifications and demonstrated better health behaviors. After adjustment for possible confounding factors, younger age, low household income, and absence of comorbidity were independently associated with a lack of awareness regarding MetS.Conclusions: The high-awareness group showed greater knowledge of the importance of lifestyle modifications and better health behaviors regarding MetS. The findings highlight the need for improved public education and awareness programs regarding MetS.
Vaincre pour un sportifde haut niveau
Authors: Lamour Jean-François , Esquerre Hugues
Published: January 2024

Double champion olympique de sabre, Jean-François Lamour livre dans cet entretien sa vision de ce que vaincre revêt comme réalité pour un sportif de haut niveau, permettant d’appréhender la réalité d’une préparation souvent ignorée du grand public. Il évoque l’état d’esprit qui était le sien, mais aussi la préparation, le travail, l’opiniâtreté et l’humilité qui sont nécessaires pour renforcer la volonté de vaincre l’adversaire, mais surtout soi-même, dans la quête de la victoire.
Some Hermite-Hadamard and midpoint type inequalities in symmetric quantum calculus
Authors: Butt Saad Ihsan , Aftab Muhammad Nasim , Nabwey Hossam A. , Etemad Sina
Published: January 2024

The Hermite-Hadamard inequalities are common research topics explored in different dimensions. For any interval $ [\mathrm{b_{0}}, \mathrm{b_{1}}]\subset\Re $, we construct the idea of the Hermite-Hadamard inequality, its different kinds, and its generalization in symmetric quantum calculus at $ \mathrm{b_{0}}\in[\mathrm{b_{0}}, \mathrm{b_{1}}]\subset\Re $. We also construct parallel results for the Hermite-Hadamard inequality, its different types, and its generalization on other end point $ \mathrm{b_{1}} $, and provide some examples as well. Some justification with graphical analysis is provided as well. Finally, with the assistance of these outcomes, we give a midpoint type inequality and some of its approximations for convex functions in symmetric quantum calculus.
Strong consistency rate in functional single index expectile model for spatial data
Authors: Elmezouar Zouaoui Chikr , Alshahrani Fatimah , Almanjahie Ibrahim M. , Bouzebda Salim , Kaid Zoulikha , Laksaci Ali
Published: January 2024

Analyzing the real impact of spatial dependency in financial time series data is crucial to financial risk management. It has been a challenging issue in the last decade. This is because most financial transactions are performed via the internet and the spatial dependency between different international stock markets is not standard. The present paper investigates functional expectile regression as a spatial financial risk model. Specifically, we construct a nonparametric estimator of this functional model for the functional single index regression (FSIR) structure. The asymptotic properties of this estimator are elaborated over general spatial settings. More precisely, we establish Borel-Cantelli consistency (BCC) of the constructed estimator. The latter is obtained with the precision of the convergence rate. A simulation investigation is performed to show the easy applicability of the constructed estimator in practice. Finally, real data analysis about the financial data (Euro Stoxx-50 index data) is used to illustrate the effectiveness of our methodology.
Efficient approximate analytical technique to solve nonlinear coupled Jaulent–Miodek system within a time-fractional order
Authors: Ali Hegagi Mohamed , Nisar Kottakkaran Sooppy , Alharbi Wedad R. , Zakarya Mohammed
Published: January 2024

In this article, we considered the nonlinear time-fractional Jaulent–Miodek model (FJMM), which is applied to modeling many applications in basic sciences and engineering, especially physical phenomena such as plasma physics, fluid dynamics, electromagnetic waves in nonlinear media, and many other applications. The Caputo fractional derivative (CFD) was applied to express the fractional operator in the mathematical formalism of the FJMM. We implemented the modified generalized Mittag-Leffler method (MGMLFM) to show the analytical approximate solution of FJMM, which is represented by a set of coupled nonlinear fractional partial differential equations (FPDEs) with suitable initial conditions. The suggested method produced convergent series solutions with easily computable components. To demonstrate the accuracy and efficiency of the MGMLFM, a comparison was made between the solutions obtained by MGMLFM and the known exact solutions in some tables. Also, the absolute error was compared with the absolute error provided by some of the other famous methods found in the literature. Our findings confirmed that the presented method is easy, simple, reliable, competitive, and did not require complex calculations. Thus, it can be extensively applied to solve more linear and nonlinear FPDEs that have applications in various areas such as mathematics, engineering, and physics.
Evolutionary optimization framework to train multilayer perceptrons for engineering applications
Authors: AL-HAJJ Rami , M. Fouad Mohamad , Zeki Mustafa
Published: January 2024

Training neural networks by using conventional supervised backpropagation algorithms is a challenging task. This is due to significant limitations, such as the risk for local minimum stagnation in the loss landscape of neural networks. That may prevent the network from finding the global minimum of its loss function and therefore slow its convergence speed. Another challenge is the vanishing and exploding gradients that may happen when the gradients of the loss function of the model become either infinitesimally small or unmanageably large during the training. That also hinders the convergence of the neural models. On the other hand, the traditional gradient-based algorithms necessitate the pre-selection of learning parameters such as the learning rates, activation function, batch size, stopping criteria, and others. Recent research has shown the potential of evolutionary optimization algorithms to address most of those challenges in optimizing the overall performance of neural networks. In this research, we introduce and validate an evolutionary optimization framework to train multilayer perceptrons, which are simple feedforward neural networks. The suggested framework uses the recently proposed evolutionary cooperative optimization algorithm, namely, the dynamic group-based cooperative optimizer. The ability of this optimizer to solve a wide range of real optimization problems motivated our research group to benchmark its performance in training multilayer perceptron models. We validated the proposed optimization framework on a set of five datasets for engineering applications, and we compared its performance against the conventional backpropagation algorithm and other commonly used evolutionary optimization algorithms. The simulations showed the competitive performance of the proposed framework for most examined datasets in terms of overall performance and convergence. For three benchmarking datasets, the proposed framework provided increases of 2.7%, 4.83%, and 5.13% over the performance of the second best-performing optimizers, respectively.
Rethinking the poetics of creolization: literary representations of cultural interactions in contemporary English-speaking Caribbean works
Authors: Bretèque Pauline Amy de la
Published: January 2024

Creolization is a founding concept in the understanding of contemporary Caribbean identities. It served to imagine a certain unity at a time when nationalist movements were emerging in a region where cultural diversity was sometimes a divisive factor. Cultural encounters in these countries had occurred in circumstances of extreme violence (slavery, colonization, indentured serviture) and under the constraint of colonial domination. This article analyzes unbalanced representations of creolization in contemporary Caribbean literature, viewed through the prism of cultural appropriation. It offers a fresh perspective on contemporary English-speaking Caribbean works by Jamaica Kincaid, Michelle Cliff, Olive Senior, Marlon James and Paule Marshall. Through an aesthetic and literary approach to creolization and cultural appropriation, it examines how literary works invite us to question forced exchanges between cultures in a colonial and postcolonial context and in Caribbean diasporas in England and North America. These literary works shed an aesthetic light on cultural interactions and emphasize the continuity in the contemporary context of cultural appropriation that occurred in the Caribbean’s colonial past.
À qui appartient l’islam ? Prisme de l’authenticité et spectre de l’appropriation parmi les musulmans américains
Authors: Galonnier Juliette
Published: January 2024

Cet article traite des controverses relatives à l’articulation souhaitable entre « religion » et « culture » au sein de l’islam américain contemporain, où plusieurs communautés d’interprétation (formées au croisement de positionnements théologiques, d’appartenances de classe et de catégorisations raciales) expriment des conceptions divergentes, à la fois de l’islam et des États-Unis. À partir d’une enquête mobilisant entretiens et observations ethnographiques parmi des musulmans convertis à Chicago, l’article déplie ces controverses en les resituant dans le contexte social dans lequel elles prennent corps. Il montre que les musulmans américains mobilisent souvent le prisme de « l’authenticité », qu’elle soit culturelle ou religieuse, pour définir ce qui est « véritablement » islamique ou « véritablement » américain, mais que ces qualifications d’authenticité sont aussi travaillées par le spectre de l’appropriation et indissociables d’une évaluation des rapports de domination qui traversent la minorité musulmane américaine. Après avoir retracé une brève histoire des emprunts à la tradition islamique par des groupes positionnés différemment dans le système de stratification sociale et raciale des États-Unis, l’article examine tour à tour trois registres de discours sur la notion de culture en milieu islamique : l’acculturation, l’exculturation et l’inculturation. Ces trois registres reposent sur des appréhensions différentes de « l’authenticité » et suscitent des positionnements contrastés sur ce qui constitue une appropriation.
Essai de logopolitique. Langue, politique, historicité
Authors: Moatti Claudia
Published: January 2024

L’article offre une réflexion sur la place de la langue dans l’écriture de l’histoire. La première partie rappelle l’influence récente de la linguistique sur les historiens, et évoque de manière critique les principaux travaux qui s’en sont inspirés. La deuxième partie définit le projet singulier d’une logopolitique, qui propose trois approches conjuguées : formaliste, qui consiste à travailler sur le concept initial d’une notion ; discursive, qui, mettant au jour les conflictualités d’un moment, s’attache à analyser la construction d’un discours dominant ; praxéologique, qui étudie les relations entre les mots et les pratiques politiques des différents acteurs. Dans la troisième partie, l’auteure rappelle certaines conclusions obtenues, selon cette méthode, dans son livre sur la res publica : elle montre notamment que la définition de cette notion originellement indéterminée a constitué un enjeu essentiel dans les conflits politiques de la fin de la République romaine, puis, comment res publica a servi de principe de légitimation aux empereurs, notamment contre toute menace intérieure, avant d’être utilisée à partir du IIIe siècle de notre ère comme concept civilisationnel.
De la république : la méthode, le mot et le concept vus du XXIe siècle
Authors: Sintomer Yves
Published: January 2024

L’article discute dans une perspective de science politique les leçons à tirer de l’ouvrage de Claudia Moatti Res publica. Une histoire romaine de la chose publique. La première partie est centrée sur la méthode conceptuelle. Contre les usages positivistes de la langue et les approches essentialistes des concepts, une histoire attentive aux contextes et aux variations sémantiques est cruciale. Cette multiplicité sémantique doit à son tour être comprise comme politique. Si les oscillations de l’expression res publica nécessitent des analyses sur la courte durée, la longue durée et l’optique comparative impliquent à l’inverse de dégager des idéaux-types. La seconde partie de l’article analyse les interprétations contemporaines de la république, et les utilisations du mot. Les termes hérités de la res publica ont perdu de leur centralité politique, avec deux exceptions importantes : d’une part, la théorie politique et l’histoire des idées qui se proclament républicaines ; d’autre part, l’espace politico-intellectuel français. Dans les deux cas, la république dont il s’agit se rapproche davantage du second idéal-type dégagé par Claudia Moatti, qui met l’accent sur l’unité et le consensus, et qui envisage la res publica comme puissance publique. Les partisans contemporains du premier idéal-type, qui valorise l’action collective, le « tumulte », la citoyenneté active et la diversité de la cité, se tournent vers des termes différents, et en particulier vers celui de démocratie.
Les Baumettes au musée : Graffitis et créations carcérales
Authors: Philippy Jean-Fabien
Published: January 2024

La destruction programmée en 2018 des bâtiments historiques de la prison des Baumettes initie pour le Musée des civilisations de l’Europe et de la Méditerranée (Mucem), début 2019, l’enquête « Graffitis et créations carcérales ». Reprenant la question de la prison et de l’enfermement, l’enquête se déploie en deux volets : d’une part, la constitution d’une documentation photographique en partenariat avec le service de l’Inventaire général du Patrimoine PACA qui prend pour objet la prison en tant que telle (ses bâtiments et son architecture, ses graffitis) et d’autre part, une collecte d’éléments affichés dans les cellules, d’objets créés ou détournés par les détenus et relatifs à leur vie quotidienne.L’enquête se matérialise par plus de deux mille photographies réalisées par le service de l’Inventaire général du Patrimoine PACA, un versement aux archives de cent quarante documents collectés dans les cellules et les coursives, quarante-deux items inscrits à l’inventaire du musée et provenant soit des cellules laissées à l’abandon au moment du transfert des détenus vers le nouveau site Baumettes 2, soit de saisies de l’administration pénitentiaire.
Un documentaire sur le crime du « Lion d’Or ». Regards croisés sur la valorisation d’un patrimoine judiciaire sensible
Authors: Barnicaud Jeanne , Duffuler-Vialle Hélène , Landrieux Sébastien
Published: January 2024

Le documentaire L’affaire du crime du « Lion d’Or » a été réalisé par Hervé Colombani à partir des recherches de trois chercheur.euses (en histoire du droit, histoire sociale des homosexualités et histoire du corps) sur un dossier d’archives judiciaires conservé aux Archives départementales du Nord : le dossier de procédure du meurtre de Victor Bocquet en 1925 à Lille. La longue enquête de ce crime a bousculé le milieu de la prostitution à Lille et s’est soldé par un échec. Treize ans plus tard le mystère sera résolu du fait des aveux spontanés du meurtrier. La trame de fond de cette affaire est l’homosexualité de la victime. Dans le cadre d’une réflexion sur la valorisation du patrimoine sombre, cet article revient sur la genèse du projet à savoir les travaux respectifs des chercheur.euses qui se sont saisi.es de l’affaire par des prismes différents, sur les enjeux du documentaire et sur sa réalisation.
Palais, forteresses et pyramides. Patrimoine matériel et immatériel de la justice. Quelle histoire pour l’organisation pénale napoléonienne en France ?
Authors: Chauvaud Frédéric
Published: January 2024

Les palais de justice, parfois surnommés les Temples de justice, conservés, détruits, aménagés, ont une histoire dans laquelle la période napoléonienne occupe une place décisive, même si peu de réalisations ont vu le jour. Mais le patrimoine judiciaire comprend à la fois les éléments matériels comme les bâtiments et les statues, mais aussi les éléments immatériels comme les projets, les idées-forces et surtout l’imaginaire d’une organisation judiciaire qui a semblé indépassable. En effet, y compris sous la Troisième République, dans les discours de rentrée, les plus hauts magistrats affirment que l’institution judiciaire napoléonienne incarne « la meilleure justice possible ». Toutefois, il faut bien convenir que l’historiographie a sinon déserté, du moins délaissé l’étude de l’organisation judicaire napoléonienne ou même de la prison. En effet, l’épisode napoléonien n’est pas étudié en tant que tel mais comme un moment d’un ensemble plus vaste. Et pourtant dans les travaux existant des « nœuds problématiques » sont esquissés pour expliquer ce désintérêt collectif pour le modèle napoléonien qui réussit le tour de force de se présenter comme parfait et de s’imposer dans les imaginaires sociaux.
Forcer les frontières pour repenser le politique ?
Authors: Sorba Carlotta
Published: January 2024

L’essai vise à réfléchir aux transformations les plus récentes de ce que nous appelons l’histoire politique, en partant de la considération d’une remarquable capacité de régénération dont le champ a su faire preuve. À partir d’une trajectoire personnelle centrée sur le XIXe siècle et sur les aspects culturels du politique, l’autrice insiste sur la nécessité d’une approche visant à intégrer différentes dimensions et thèmes de l’expérience humaine et conclut par l’exemple d’une trajectoire de recherche sensible aux relations entre politique et culture matérielle.
L’histoire politique en mouvement
Authors: Lazar Marc
Published: January 2024

Dans cet article, Marc Lazar dresse un bilan personnel et sans prétention à l’exhaustivité de l’histoire politique surtout en France. Il en montre les avancées réalisées dans les années 1970, les problèmes rencontrés au tournant du siècle et les nouveaux chantiers de recherche qui se développent avec une conception changée de l’histoire politique.
L’histoire politique de la statistique, les mirages du panoptique et le pouvoir du Big Data
Authors: Labbé Morgane
Published: January 2024

L’histoire de la statistique a longtemps été définie comme une pratique savante liée à l’histoire de l’État et à l’expansion de son administration. Les questions qui ont surgi à partir des années 2000 avec la prolifération des « données » dans de nombreux espaces au-delà de l’État ont ouvert un champ d’études autour du thème de la quantification et du Big Data. Cet article s’interroge sur l’impact de ce tournant sur l’histoire de la statistique.
Protection internationale et inclusion professionnelle des migrants environnementaux en Italie : un chemin entamé, mais encore long à parcourir
Authors: Chiaromonte William
Published: January 2024

Cet article analyse les formes de protection internationale et, par conséquent, les perspectives d’inclusion professionnelle des migrants environnementaux, qui ne sont actuellement couverts que dans une mesure limitée par l’ordre juridique italien. Concernant la reconnaissance de la protection internationale des migrants environnementaux, qui représentent la première étape sur la voie de leur inclusion professionnelle, l’approche italienne semble particulièrement intéressante. Compte tenu des difficultés considérables liées à la reconnaissance du « statut de réfugié » ou de la « protection subsidiaire » pour les migrants environnementaux, une tentative d’adaptation des instruments de protection « classiques », déjà disponibles pour répondre à leurs besoins, a pu être mise en œuvre, souvent par voie jurisprudentielle. En particulier, cette harmonisation se concentre sur la « protection humanitaire » et la « protection spéciale », bien que les résultats ne soient pas encore entièrement satisfaisants. Par ailleurs, des instruments juridiques ad hoc ont été créés, tels que le « permis de séjour pour les calamités naturelles ». Cette évolution a été fortement influencée par les changements législatifs introduits au cours de ces dernières années dans le cadre de la loi consolidée sur l’immigration de 1998.
L’espoir d’une justice climatique en droit du travail au Québec
Authors: Parent Sébastien
Published: January 2024

Dans le sillage des actions climatiques, la Cour d’appel du Québec identifie, dans l’affaire Environnement Jeunesse, des blocages majeurs de l’opposition des droits de l’homme et du droit international à l’inaction de l’État. Pourtant, ces normes fondamentales dans les litiges en droit du travail représentent une voie de passage pour les actions climatiques dirigées contre les entreprises.
Spatial associations between chronic kidney disease and socio-economic factors in Thailand
Authors: Sansuk Juree , Sornlorm Kittipong
Published: January 2024

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a persistent, progressive condition characterized by gradual decline of kidney functions leading to a range of health issues. This research used recent data from the Ministry of Public Health in Thailand and applied spatial regression and local indicators of spatial association (LISA) to examine the spatial associations with night-time light, Internet access and the local number of health personnel per population. Univariate Moran’s I scatter plot for CKD in Thailand’s provinces revealed a significant positive spatial autocorrelation with a value of 0.393. High-High (HH) CKD clusters were found to be predominantly located in the North, with Low-Low (LL) ones in the South. The LISA analysis identified one HH and one LL with regard to Internet access, 15 HH and five LL clusters related to night-time light and eight HH and five LL clusters associated with the number of health personnel in the area. Spatial regression unveiled significant and meaningful connections between various factors and CKD in Thailand. Night-time light displayed a positive association with CKD in both the spatial error model (SEM) and the spatial lag model (SLM), with coefficients of 3.356 and 2.999, respectively. Conversely, Internet access exhibited corresponding negative CKD associations with a SEM coefficient of - 0.035 and a SLM one of -0.039. Similarly, the health staff/population ratio also demonstrated negative associations with SEM and SLM, with coefficients of -0.033 and -0.068, respectively. SEM emerged as the most suitable spatial regression model with 54.8% according to R2. Also, the Akaike information criterion (AIC) test indicated a better performance for this model, resulting in 697.148 and 698.198 for SEM and SLM, respectively. These findings emphasize the complex interconnection between factors contributing to the prevalence of CKD in Thailand and suggest that socioeconomic and health service factors are significant contributing factors. Addressing this issue will necessitate concentrated efforts to enhance access to health services, especially in urban areas experiencing rapid economic growth.
Perioperative management of patients with cardiac implantable electronic devices
Authors: Kim Minsu , Kwon Chang Hee
Published: January 2024

The use of cardiac implantable electronic devices (CIEDs) has increased significantly in recent years. Consequently, more patients with CIEDs will undergo surgery during their lifetime, and thus the involvement of anesthesiologists in the perioperative management of CIEDs is increasing. With ongoing advancements in technology, many types of CIEDs have been developed, including permanent pacemakers, leadless pacemakers, implantable cardioverter defibrillators, cardiac resynchronization therapy-pacemakers/defibrillators, and implantable loop recorders. The functioning of CIEDs exposed to an electromagnetic field can be affected by electromagnetic interference, potential sources of which can be found in the operating room. Thus, to prevent potential adverse events caused by electromagnetic interference in the operating room, anesthesiologists must have knowledge of CIEDs and be able to identify each type. This review focuses on the perioperative management of patients with CIEDs, including indications for CIED implantation to determine the baseline cardiovascular status of patients; concerns associated with CIEDs before and during surgery; perioperative management of CIEDs, including magnet application and device reprogramming; and additional perioperative provisions for patients with CIEDs. As issues such as variations in programming capabilities and responses to magnet application according to device can be challenging, this review provides essential information for the safe perioperative management of patients with CIEDs.
Deep venous thrombosis in autosomal dominant polycystic kidney
Authors: Ali Mamoun Mohamed Ahmed , Damodaran Anandi , Hamad Imad , Nayak Devdutt , Gupta Rajesh
Published: January 2024

Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) is a prevalent genetic cystic condition that results in progressive loss of renal function. The disease is associated with various complications, including compression of adjacent structures like the inferior vena cava (IVC), which can lead to deep vein thrombosis (DVT) and ultimately, pulmonary embolism. This report details a case of a 41-year-old patient with ADPKD who presented with left leg DVT. Imaging revealed IVC compression due to enlarged kidneys, and blood tests indicated low levels of coagulation proteins C and S. The patient is hypertensive and has advanced renal failure (glomerular filtration rate [GFR] 12.6 mL/min) but has not yet initiated dialysis. The patient was initiated on treatment with the novel oral anticoagulant, apixaban, and exhibited favorable outcomes. His DVT is believed to be the result of multiple factors acting in concert. IVC compression, a significant precipitant doctor of DVT, is frequently observed in ADPKD patients, with rates as high as 15% in severe cases and 15% in mild cases, according to a study by Yin et al. The incidence of venous thromboembolism (VTE) in patients with chronic kidney disease increases as GFR decreases, with rates 2.5–5.5-fold higher in moderate-to-severe end-stage renal disease than in the general population. VTE is a multifactorial disease with both acquired and inherited thrombophilia factors. This particular case presents a unique event within our medical practice, as it is relatively uncommon to witness such a correlation between DVT and polycystic kidney disease. It serves as an exemplification of a case that necessitates diligent monitoring due to the heightened risk of recurrent DVT.
Measuring universal health coverage among general population: A cross-sectional study
Authors: Al Khalaf Heba Awad , Barbuor Ahmad Husam , Mostafa Ahmed , Al Marrawi Shahla Khaled , Alyahyaai Mazoun Khalifa , Khudhur Hussein Waleed , Al-Dujaili Zahraa Mohammed
Published: January 2024

Background:

Universal health coverage ensures that everyone has access to essential health services, without financial constraints. Despite this goal, more than half of the global population lack these services. This study aims to measure the universal health coverage among Sharjah residents by focusing on the World Health Organization indicators of financial hardships and accessibility to core health services.

Methods:

A cross-sectional study was conducted with 391 Sharjah residents, aged 18–64 years. The data were collected through interview questionnaires that incorporated both closed- and open-ended questions.

Results:

The results showed that in the past 12 months, 85.6% of participants did not have access to medicine, 81.9% did not have access to interventions such as surgery, 86.1% did not have access to medical devices, 73.9% did not have access to an appointment with a primary health-care provider, only 25.8% had access to an appointment with a specialist, and 77.6% did not have access to help or support from social services. Participants faced financial challenges in health care, with 25.7% reducing essential spending and nearly 12% delaying health-care visits due to costs. This study found a significant correlation between universal health coverage and factors such as age, sex, nationality, occupation, health insurance possession, and employment status.

Conclusion:

This study calls for collaborative efforts between health-care providers and policymakers to ensure quality and equal access to universal health coverage. This study signifies a crucial step toward improving health-care policies and practices in the region, ultimately fostering a healthier, happy community and contributing to long-term economic development.
Antimicrobial properties of glass-ionomer cement incorporated with nano-hydroxyapatite against mutans streptococci and lactobacilli under orthodontic bands: An in vivo split-mouth study
Authors: Shirazi Maryam , Pirzeh Aydin , Atashgaran Marzieh
Published: January 2024

Background:

Fixed orthodontic appliances enhance dental plaque accumulation. Glass ionomer (GI) is among the most popular orthodontic cement. It possesses antibacterial properties; however, its antibacterial activity may not be sufficient for caries prevention. Although evidence shows that the addition of 8wt% nano-hydroxyapatite (nHA) may enhance the antibacterial properties of GI, no clinical study has been conducted in this respect. Thus, this study aimed to assess the subgingival accumulation of Streptococcus mutans (S. mutans) and Lactobacillus acidophilus (L. acidophilus) around orthodontic bands cemented with conventional GI and GI reinforced with 8wt% nHA.

Materials and Methods:

This split-mouth clinical trial was conducted on 20 patients requiring a lingual arch. The patients were randomly assigned to two groups. In group 1, the right molar band was cemented with pure Fuji I (GC), and the left was cemented with Fuji I containing 8wt% nHA. In group 2, the right molar band was cemented with Fuji I containing 8wt% nHA, and the left was cemented with Fuji I. After 3 months, subgingival sampling was performed by sterile paper points. S. mutans and L. acidophilus were cultured on MSB and MRS agar, and colonies were counted by a colony counter. Data were analyzed by independent samples t-test using SPSS 25 at a 0.05 level of significance.

Results:

The mean counts of S. mutans, aerobic and anaerobic lactobacilli, and total bacterial around orthodontic bands cemented with Fuji I containing 8wt% nHA were significantly lower than those around orthodontic bands cemented with pure Fuji I (P < 0.05).

Conclusion:

The addition of 8wt% nHA to GI cement can enhance its antibacterial properties for the cementation of orthodontic bands, decrease the accumulation of cariogenic bacteria, and probably decrease the incidence of caries in orthodontic patients.