bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Perlindungan Hukum Terhadap Konsumen Di Dalam Membeli Barang Bekas/Barang Second
Authors: Ardika Ketut , Bagus Firmansyah Muhammad
Published: October 2021

This study aims to determine the legal protection of consumers in buying used goods. Consumers are one of the parties involved in the sale - purchase of a product. Goods or objects that are traded are not only newly produced goods, but also used goods. In buying and selling activities, consumers will receive rights and obligations, so it is very important that legal protection for consumers is needed to ensure certainty, benefit and legal justice for consumers.
Analisis Penyelesaian Sengketa Terhadap Hak Merek Atas Putusan Geprek Bensu Melawan I Am Geprek Bensu
Authors: Egia Nuansa Pinem Lompoh , Suryacahyani Gunadi Ni Luh Dwik
Published: October 2021

In Indonesia, there are two forms of dispute resolution over Intellectual Property Rights. The first is through the litigation channel and the second is through the Non-Litigation route. Regarding trade disputes over trademark rights, the resolution is also through these two channels. This research specifically examines the settlement of trademark disputes between Geprek Bensu and I Am Geprek Bensu based on Law Number 20 of 2016 concerning Trademarks and Geographical Indications. This research uses research methods of normative law which is carried out through the collection of primary data and secondary data as well as by the literature approach. Data analysis in this study used qualitative data analysis methods.
mplementasi Perlindungan Hukum Hak Kekayaan Intelektual (HKI) Terhadap Ekspresi Budaya Tradisional (EBT) Di Tinjau Dari UU Nomor 28 Tahun 2014 Tentang Hak Cipta
Authors: Nendrawan Putu , Rastika Gede
Published: October 2021

The purpose of this research is to find out how the current intellectual property rights (IPR) protection which regulates Traditional Cultural Expression (EBT). The research approach method used in this study is a juridical empirical method with descriptive analytical specifications. The results of the study found that Traditional Cultural Expressions (EBT) need protection of Intellectual Property Rights (HKI). The government's efforts to protect Traditional Cultural Expressions (EBT) can be carried out by implementing appropriate and proper protection regulations for Traditional Cultural Expressions. The importance of implementing proper and good regulations with the aim of protecting in the future Traditional Cultural Expressions do not experience extinction at both the regional and national levels.
Penerapan Sanksi Terhadap Pelaku Tindak Pidana Pembunuhan Berencana Berdasarkan Putusan Nomor : 1298/PID.B/2018/PN.DPS
Authors: Desy Pramita Kadek , Ketut Riski Suputra I Gusti
Published: October 2021

One of the acts that often occurs in human life in society is a crime against life or often called murder. Murder can be classified into four types, one of which is premeditated murder. Like what I Wayan Siki did to his colleagues in the decision number: 1298 / PID.B / 2018 / PN.DPS. To prove that the act committed by the defendant was premeditated murder, it is necessary to have a correlation between Article 340 of the Criminal Code concerning premeditated murder and the elements of the perpetrator's act. This research uses empirical juridical method, with a correlational approach and data collection techniques, namely literature study and document study. And it was found that the criminal acts committed by the defendants were in accordance with the elements of Article 340 of the Criminal Code. So that the perpetrator's action can be declared as an act of planned murder, and the verdict given by the judge is appropriate.
Analisis Insentif Perpajakan Terhadap Realisasi Penerimaan Perpajakan Tahun 2020
Authors: Andrean Widodo Dani , Millenia Krisnayanie Ni Ketut
Published: October 2021

The growth in the tax revenue component at the end of March 2020 was still sourced from taxes on household consumption, although tax revenues also still depended on the pressure from the weakening trend in the manufacturing industry and international trade activity, as well as the weakening economic activity of the spread of Covid-19. In line with the existence of regulations related to Work From Home (WFH) for both the government and private sectors, a slowdown in business activities began at the end of March 2020 which reduced the handover of the country which would then enter Domestic Value Added Tax (PPN DN) revenue in the month April 2020. This condition is likely to continue and contract even more in May, considering that in April some regions had implemented Large-Scale Social Restrictions (PSBB) in several affected areas. As the going in Indonesia, tax revenue in the first quarter of 2020 was recorded to have contracted or minus up to 2.5%. Several tax instruments after being used for handling Covid-19 are Corporate Income Tax and Import Tax (PDRI) consisting of several types, namely Income Tax (PPh) Article 22 imports, PPh Article 22 Exports, Import Value Added Tax (PPN), and Luxury Goods Sales Tax (PPnBM). The Minister of Finance issued Regulation of the Minister of Finance Number 23 of 2020 (PMK 23 of 2020) Regarding Tax Incentives for Taxpayers Affected by the Covid-19 Virus Outbreak. The provision of this incentive is a response from the government to the decline in productivity of business actors due to the economic decline of taxpayers due to this epidemic. This study aims to analyze the tax incentive tax on the realization of tax revenue in 2020 whether it is relevant and can help people ease the economic burden built by the spread of Covid-19 in Indonesia.
Analisis Peraturan Daerah Kabupaten Buleleng Nomor 3 Tahun 2018 Tentang Perubahan Atas Peraturan Daerah Kabupaten Buleleng Nomor 10 Tahun 2011 Tentang Pajak Hiburan
Authors: Marsellena Mercury Sella
Published: October 2021

Indonesia is a constitusional state as stated in the 1945 Constitution Article 1 Paragraph 3. So that vaious things exist in state govermened by applicable law, including in this case is tax. There are various types of taxes in Indonesia. One of them is local taxes. Law number 34 year 2000, this law stipulates that there are 11 regional taxes, including 4 (four) provincial taxes and 7 (seven) types of regency or city taxes. District or city taxes include hotel tax, entertainment tax, adventisement tax, street lightning tax, restaurant tax, parking tax, and class C mineral ectraction tax. So when talking about entertainment tax, it is included in regency tax in Buleleng Regency, entertainment tax is regulated in Buleleng Regency. Regional Regulation No. 3 of 2018 concerning Amendments to the Buleleng Regency Regional Regulation Number 10 of 2011 concerning entertainment tax. This type of research the writer uses is legal research (yudicial) which is normative in ature. The approach used in this study is the statue approach, conceptual approach, legalhistory ap proach, and the case approach. Buleleng Regency Regional Regulation Number 3 of 2018 in fact does not have a significant differences with the previous regional regulations interest and welfare of the community.
Urgensi Penarikan Pajak Penghasilan Profesi Youtuber dan Selebgram Sebagai Upaya Mendorong Stabilisasi Perekonomian Pasca Pandemi
Authors: Sriwahyuni Br Perangin Angin Arty , Hestaria Lumban Gaol Helena Helen
Published: October 2021

The Covid-19 pandemic has almost paralyzed all economic activities in Indonesia. In the current era of the Industrial Revolution 4.0, Selebgram and Youtubers are new professions that were never thought of 20 years ago. The era of social media creates millions of new jobs. Celebgram and YouTuber are professions that are very developing nowadays so that the demand is increasing every year. Because the interest in this profession is getting higher because the income is quite promising so that it meets the requirements to be a tax object, of course the government has followed up on this by issuing regulations related to income tax on the profession of celebrities and YouTubers. The legal basis that regulates taxes for celebrities and YouTubers is regulated in Law Number 16 of 2009 concerning General Provisions and Tax Procedures. This is an attempt by the government to accelerate the increase in Indonesian income by boosting tax revenue. However, there is still a lack of awareness among programmers and YouTubers in paying taxes, so it is important for the government to socialize to taxpayers about general provisions and procedures for carrying out tax payment obligations to increase tax revenue and state revenue for a more stable state economy. The purpose of this research is to find out and analyze the effectiveness of tax imposition for the celebgram and YouTuber profession, as well as the application of Law Number 36 of 2008 concerning Income Tax in overcoming the barriers faced by celebrities and YouTubers in implementing the application of income tax. The method in this research is qualitative, research that emphasizes the meaning, reasoning, definition of a particular situation, and researches more on relevant literature and areas of daily life to obtain descriptive data.
Efektivitas Pemutihan Pajak Kendaraan Bermotor Pada Masa Pandemi
Authors: Darmakanti Ni Made , Ema Sri Febriyanti Ni Kadek
Published: October 2021

Taxes are a source of state revenue and revenue that aims to improve national development and improve people’s welfare. Texas can also be interpreted as a source of state revenue for the implementation of government and development activities as well as a driving force for economic activity. Therefore, the tax sector plays and important role in the development of the nation’s welfare. Taxpayers must fulfill their obligations in making tax payments, however currently tax collection one of which is that vehicle taxes are difficult to to due to lack of public awareness, especially when this is coupled with the Covid-19 pandemic. Due to the delays in paying taxes by the pandemic, thus has resulted in a tax bleaching policy on vehicles in the form of bleaching.
PRÁTICAS PEDAGÓGICAS INCLUSIVAS DESTINADAS AOS ESTUDANTES PÚBLICO-ALVO DA EDUCAÇÃO ESPECIAL
Authors: Flávia de Oliveira Ana , Pereira Leal Mariane , Souza do Rosário Gabriela Chem de
Published: October 2021

A presente pesquisa é uma revisão bibliográfica desenvolvida com caráter qualitativo segundo encaminhamentos de pesquisas do tipo estado do conhecimento. O objetivo aqui foi ressaltar práticas pedagógicas inclusivas destinadas aos estudantes público-alvo da Educação Especial nos anos iniciais do Ensino Fundamental. A coleta de dados dentro da temática foi desenvolvida por meio da busca de artigos, teses e dissertações, nas plataformas Scielo e Capes, entre os anos de 2015-2020. A partir dos trabalhos selecionados, foram organizadas duas categorias, a saber: Práticas pedagógicas desenvolvidas e esperadas na escola; Formação dos professores sobre a Educação Especial. Constatou-se que as práticas pedagógicas, em certa medida, são desenvolvidas e esperadas no contexto da inclusão. Contudo, elementos como a necessidade de formação docente para desenvolvê-las e ambientes que colaborem com sua concretização dificultam que tais práticas ocorram. O pequeno número de produções científicas que deem visibilidade às práticas pedagógicas apresenta-se como uma lacuna, expressando a carência de produções na área.
REFLEXÕES ACERCA DA AÇÃO DOCENTE PARA O ENSINO DE LÍNGUA PORTUGUESA: TRANSPOSIÇÃO DIDÁTICA EM UMA AULA DE PONTUAÇÃO
Authors: Tarlau Balieiro Luan , Okamoto Luca Cindy Mayumi , Buzato Ritter Lilian Cristina
Published: October 2021

Neste artigo, partimos da problemática de o docente não suscitar reflexões quanto à maneira como ocorre o processo de transposição didática de um determinado conteúdo. Nosso objetivo central é discutir a prática docente nesse processo, focando-se no conteúdo de pontuação. Com respaldo nos pressupostos teóricos de Verret (1975) e Bakhtin (1992), metodologicamente, selecionamos uma aula ministrada a uma turma do 6º ano do Ensino Fundamental de uma escola pública situada no noroeste do Paraná, para analisar, de modo específico, as adequações efetuadas no planejamento, além de compreender as características da transposição didática. Os resultados evidenciam a necessidade de fazer adaptações da teoria à prática, a considerar o contexto da turma, bem como o nível cognitivo dos estudantes. Concluímos que o saber científico requer ser moldado em um saber escolarizado por meio de estratégias que contribuam para o entendimento do conteúdo de forma mais eficaz e contextualizada.
ORIENTAÇÕES E INSTIGAÇÕES PRESENTES NA BASE NACIONAL COMUM CURRICULAR QUANTO AO USO DE TECNOLOGIAS DIGITAIS NO ENSINO
Authors: Sobrinho Junior João Ferreira , Pereira Moraes Cristina de Cassia
Published: October 2021

O objetivo deste artigo é identificar as orientações e instigações ao uso das tecnologias digitais presentes na BNCC. Para responder a tal cenário se dispôs de pesquisa documental e bibliográfica para o levantamento, coleta e análise dos dados de forma qualitativa. Nesse sentido, primeiramente fundamentamos as discussões acerca da BNCC e das tecnologias digitais, como também, destacamos suas imbricações com o ensino. E por fim, nos perscrutamos no texto da BNCC, com fins a identificar e elencar as instigações e as referências ao uso das tecnologias digitais aos quais estão presentes nesse corpus normativo. E como resultado da pesquisa, identificamos que a BNCC orienta e instiga o uso de tecnologias digitais em toda a educação básica. Esse norteamento parte de três tópicos bases: as competências gerais; competências específicas por áreas; e, o item denominado as tecnologias digitais e a computação. Em relação ao primeiro tópico, destaca-se a competência 4 e 5. No segundo, temos que todos os componentes curriculares possuem orientação ao uso de tecnologias digitais. E no terceiro, é destacado a importância da apropriação das tecnologias digitais pelo estudante com fins não apenas aos seus estudos escolares como também à sua vida cotidiana. Conclui-se então que a BNCC orienta e instiga os alunos e professores à apropriação e uso das tecnologias digitais tendo em vista que está presente em todos os campos da atividade humana e dessa forma a educação não pode se desatrelar a isso.
Deepening and Widening Social Identity Analysis in Economics
Authors: Davis John B.
Published: October 2021

As part of an article symposium on Partha Dasgupta and Sanjeev Goyal’s “Narrow Identities” (2019, Journal of Institutional and Theoretical Economics), John B. Davis reflects on the variety of social identities and the implications this variety has for social identity analysis.
Design of Brain Activity Measurement for Brain ECVT Data Acquisition System
Authors: Edison Rizki Edmi , Rohmadi Rohmadi , Pratama Sra Harke , Ihsan Muhammad Fathul , Saputra Almusfi , Purwo Taruno Warsito
Published: October 2021

Brain Electrical Capacitance Volume Tomography (ECVT) has been developing as an alternative non-invasive brain imaging method. In this study, brain ECVT consisting of two channels, namely a capacitance sensor, is investigated. As a comparison, EEG sensor is used to measure brain activity simultaneously with the brain ECVT. Brain activity measurements were carried out at the pre-frontal lobe of Fp1 and Fp2 locations. The resulting signal was processed by filtering method and Power Spectral Density (PSD). The result of signal analysis shows that the measurement between EEG and ECVT shows the same activity of the two modalities.
AUDIT QUALITY, AUDIT COMMITTEE, INSTITUTIONAL OWNERSHIP AND INDEPENDENT DIRECTOR ON EARNING MANAGEMENT
Authors: Cristiana Yanthi Ni Putu Desy , Pratomo Dudi , Kurnia Kurnia
Published: October 2021

This study aims to analyze audit quality, audit committees, institutional ownership and independent director on earnings management at manufacturing companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange in 2012-2016. The sampling method use purposive sampling for 5 years so its obtained 160 observation data samples. The results in this study indicate that earnings management that occur is the type of income decreasing. Simultaneously audit quality, audit committee, institutional ownership and independent directors significantly influence on income decreasing. Partially, audit quality and independent director variables have a negative effect on income decreasing. While audit committee independence has a positive effect on income decreasing. Furthermore, audit quality, audit committees, and institutional ownership have no effect on earning management type income decreasing.
Clinical and Intraoperative Features of Dirofilariasis of the Temporal Region: Case Report
Authors: Rybak Vasyl , Cherniak Olha , Snisarevskyi Pavlo , Zaritska Valentyna
Published: October 2021

Dirofilaria (synonym: threadlike worm) is a parasite of domestic and wild animals that can infect humans secondarily by mosquitoes. Our case is strictly demonstrating the features of the Dirofilaria repens located in the temporal area. And we precisely described that stage of absence of Dirofilaria migration as stage of anabiosis (state of greatly reduced metabolism) before its encapsulation stage.
Endovascular Embolization of Facial Artery Pseudoaneurysm following Lancing of a Subperiosteal Abscess: Case Report
Authors: Hresko Andrii , Chernohorskyi Denys , Vereschahin Sergii , Kopchak Andrii
Published: October 2021

Pseudoaneurysms of the facial artery are the rare complications of traumatic injuries and surgical interventions in the area of head and neck. One of the vessels of the external carotid system, which suffers from this pathology most frequently, is the facial artery. The article describes a clinical case of the facial artery pseudoaneurysm, which was formed as a result of subperiosteal abscess lancing (synonym: periosteotomy) performed in the area of a tooth #36. The features of the clinical picture, diagnostic algorithms and the choice of treatment approach in such cases are discussed. The successful experience of angiography application and endovascular embolization of the facial artery in this patient is presented.
The “Next Generation” of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons and the “Next Generation” of Clinical Researchers
Authors: Kilipiris Evangelos
Published: October 2021

The young generation of oral and maxillofacial surgeons through the International Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons (IAOMS) NextGen (i.e., next generation) community is extremely active and enthusiastic. Among the numerous activities, a very successful full-day program was constructed to meet the top 24th International Conference of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons (ICOMS) level, held this year in the magnificent city of Rio de Janeiro, in Brazil between 21 and 25 of May. The Next Level Forum “Pearls in the Career of NextGen,” at ICOMS 2019 had a broad spectrum of educational sessions, ranging from expert-led superior training presentations to inspirational stories of young surgeons, and clearly showed – the future of oral and maxillofacial surgery is brilliant.
Trabecular Juvenile Ossifying Fibroma Management by Virtual Surgical Planning, Piezoelectric Surgery, and Simultaneous Patient Specific Implant (PSI) Reconstruction
Authors: Aldana Henry , Orozco Martin , Ordoñez Leonardo , Estrada Clara , Mosquera Camilo
Published: October 2021

Trabecular juvenile ossifying fibroma is a rare fibro-osseous lesion affecting the craniofacial skeleton occurring commonly in children and young adults. Tumor clinical behavior is highly aggressive with invasion of adjacent anatomic structures. Because of its high recurrence rate complete excision is necessary, but this one could be facial mutilating. This case report presents a 23-year-old female patient with a trabecular juvenile ossifying fibroma of the right maxilla, expanding into the orbit and zygomatic bone. The report also shows the multidisciplinary surgical management of this lesion with successful preservation of optic nerve function and facial aesthetics.
Higher education in Russia: number and structure of teachers
Authors: Pinkovetskaia Iuliia , Androsova Olga , Sudovchikhina Lyudmila , Kozina Tatiana
Published: October 2021

The purpose of our study was to evaluate the indicators that characterize the number and structure of the teaching staff that provides students with higher education programs in the regions of Russia. The initial empirical data were the results of official statistical surveys conducted on the basis of information on the number of teachers in higher educational institutions, students in these organizations, as well as on the working-age population in eighty-two regions of Russia in 2020. In the course of the study, four mathematical models were developed. The study showed that on average, no more than two teachers work in higher educational institutions per million people of working age in the regions. It is proved that three out of four professors were candidates of sciences and Doctor of Sciences (that is, they had academic degrees). In 2020, there were an average of twenty students per teacher. The regions with the maximum and minimum values of the considered indicators were identified. It is shown that higher education has received significant development in Russia.
Follow-up assessment of parents of children with epilepsy referred to Ali Asghar Children's Hospital on their knowledge and performance
Authors: Jafarnejad Shabahang , Khosravi Shaqayeq
Published: October 2021

This study was conducted with the aim of examining the follow-up of parents of children with epilepsy on their knowledge and performance. Researcher selected 29 parents through the available sampling method, after obtaining the approval of the Ethics and Licensing Committee. Then, training in epilepsy care and prevention was given to them according to a checklist, and after a month, they were followed up by phone, and the questionnaires were completed. Using the pairwise comparison test (paired t-test), it can be concluded that the two variables of knowledge of how to work and rest at home and knowledge of time and how to bandage, bathe and care, had no significant differences before and after the intervention; because the probability value was higher than the significance level (P-value = 0.83).  Using the Cohen's kappa coefficient, it was found that 85% of people have reached the desired knowledge through education.
Comparison of "mystical experience" from William James and Walter Stace' point of view with Rumi's view
Authors: Asl Shirin Shokati , Sheikhloovand Fatemeh , Sarabi Mohammad Farahmand , Ghaffari Azra
Published: October 2021

This paper recognizes Rumi's views on the subjects that constitute the nature of mystical experiences, which has been less considered by researchers and has provided evidence to test the theory of researchers such as William James and Walter Stace in the field of mystical experiences. First, some explanations about mystical experiences are presented, then, respectively, the common characteristics of mystical experiences from the perspective of James and Stace, and by summing up the opinions of these researchers, eight attributes have been considered for mystical experiences and finally compared with Rumi's verses, which have either confirmed the existence of that characteristic in Rumi's mystical experiences or have been silent about that characteristic or this. These verses have shown the opposite of the feature in question. In each of these stages, the summation of Rumi's general opinions about it has been done as much as possible.
Pedagogical paradigms of professional training of future engineers in the conditions of educational and information environment of technical university
Authors: Rakhmanov Vitalii , Vasylyshyna Nataliia , Kozubtsova Lesia , Kilderov Dmytro , Kokarieva Anzhelika , Zviekova Viktoriia
Published: October 2021

The article identifies and analyzes the paradigm of educational information environment formation in the technical higher educational institutions. The authors presented the paradigm based on the humanitarization of higher education, which aims to provide valuable guidance and motivation to establish criteria for creating conditions for self-development and personal fulfillment of future engineers. The article argues that revealing of the integrity of education and regulating scientific, research and practical innovation of training activities and educational paradigm should be considered in conjunction. The pedagogical paradigms of professional training of future engineers in the educational and information environment of a technical university enable determining the content of academic disciplines. In general, the analysis of the dynamics of formation and development of the paradigm helps to preserve the principles of learning and a genetic nucleus of the national pedagogical science and practice.
Men in a women-dominated workplace: ten experiments on gender inequality
Authors: Karpunina Anastasia V. , Sizikova Valeriya V. , Kvitkovskaya Angelina A. , Shimanovskaya Yanina V. , Golinskiy Matvey O. , Pochivalova Аnna А.
Published: October 2021

The authors use empirical research to identify how gender influences the interaction with female colleagues. The article describes the results of ten experiments conducted by two teams of researchers in 2020. The authors conclude that a women-dominated team is more tolerant of men’s unusual forms of behaviour and appearance. At the same time, a women-dominated team requires more from another female employee, which emphasizes the relevance of studying gender inequality still existing in many areas.
The journalist’s ‘toolbox’ of competencies in the Digital-Global Age: Reflections on the global state of research
Authors: Estella Pauline Gidget
Published: October 2021

The different crises that journalism continues to face worldwide make it imperative to talk about the journalist’s ‘toolbox’, a set of competencies that journalists must have in this so-called age of disruption. This article maps the global state of research on journalistic competence, offers ways of conceptualising journalistic competencies and provides the necessary context by which the development of the competency construct can be understood.  What are the approaches in studying journalistic competence and what perspectives are dominant, clashing, or need to be challenged? The state of research shows an imbalance in perspectives: Studies on journalistic competencies are concentrated in US, Europe, and the Nordic states. The environments beyond the Western context or the ‘Global North’, so to speak, continue to be underrepresented, despite a strong research and journalism tradition unique to some of the Global South regions. Secondly, the industry perspective continues to dominate the discourse, although it has been described as hostile to innovation and critical reflection. The article ends with a call not just to further define and theorise journalistic competencies, but also to de-westernise the discourse.
Watchdogs under pressure: Pacific Islands journalists’ demographic profiles and professional views
Authors: Singh Shailendra Bahadur , Hanusch Folker
Published: October 2021

While global scholarship on journalists’ professional views has expanded tremendously over recent decades, the Pacific Islands remains somewhat of a blind spot, with only sporadic research. To address this gap in our knowledge, this study reports the results of a comprehensive survey of 206 Pacific Islands journalists in nine countries, providing a much-needed update of journalists’ demographic profiles, role conceptions, ethical views and perceived influences. Our analysis finds that while journalists are now older, more experienced and better educated than 30 years ago, they are still younger and less well-educated than their counterparts in many other parts of the globe. In the digital age, some old challenges persist in relation to their roles: While journalists are committed to holding power to account and aiding in the development of their countries, they continue to face political and economic challenges that make their tasks difficult and sometimes even perilous.
Building independent media: Sustaining democratic freedoms
Authors: Duffield Lee
Published: October 2021

This article examines trends in new media journalism, identifying an independent sector which began to emerge with the internet circa 2000. It finds that publications from initially single-person start-ups like Crikey, to the large circulation New Daily, have proved viable and durable, providing alternatives to mainstream print and broadcast media. They have specialised in politics while publishing also in many other fields, characteristically emphasising user participation in both production and funding and exploiting possibilities of new digital models. This article has case studies of the publications Independent Australia, and the New Zealand-based Asia Pacific Report, to further explain the independents’ motivation and mode of operation. It reviews the media environment in two parts: a first phase from 2000 to 2010 and a second major change after 2010 with smart phones and social media. Conclusions are made that the independent sector stands to play a central role in sustaining democracy.
Spreading (dis)trust in Fiji? Exploring COVID-19 misinformation on Facebook forums
Authors: Kant Romitesh , Varea Rufino
Published: October 2021

The COVID-19 pandemic has caused significant challenges for the health system across the globe and fueled the surge of numerous rumours, hoaxes, and misinformation regarding outcomes, prevention and cure of the virus.  The COVID-19 pandemic has also had severe political, economic and societal effects and affected media and communication systems in unprecedented ways. While traditional journalism has tried to adapt to the rapidly evolving situation, alternative news media on the internet have given the events an ideological spin. These voices have been criticised for furthering societal confusion and spreading potentially dangerous ‘fake news’ or conspiracy theories via social media and other online channels. The impact of the disease and the lack of information associated with it have allowed medical misinformation to rapidly surface and propagate on various social media platforms. Previous studies have highlighted a similar trend during recent public health emergencies, mainly the Ebola and Zika outbreaks. Such a phenomenon is alarming on both individual and public health levels to the extent that governments are realising the gravity and attempting to limit its effects. This article offers a unique perspective because it provides data-driven qualitative insights into Fijian Facebook posts related to infectious disease outbreaks. This study aims to understand public views and opinions on Fijian social media during the height of the pandemic in 2020 and to outline potential implications for health information.
A meta-analysis of hate speech in Indonesia: The yielding of an academic discourse to the discourse of authority
Authors: Adiprasetio Justito , Rahmawan Detta , Wibowo Kunto Adi
Published: October 2021

This article focuses on academic publication on hate speech within Indonesia’s scholarly context. The authors analyse the ongoing discourse on hate speech by conducting a meta-analysis method on Garuda, an official website designed for repository of scholarly publications in Indonesia. By examined 143 scientific articles, this study found that most studies refer to the definition of hate speech from the Circular No. SE/06/X2015 on hate speech issued by the Indonesian National Police which shows how most Indonesian academics were comfortable in using limited perspectives on hate speech. Furthermore, the variety of the studies on hate speech comes from law or legal studies and communication or da'wah communication. Most Indonesia academics also conducted studies on hate speech with a juridical normative approach, as well as qualitative research. Intriguingly, some studies have been done with unclear method and approaches. Academics ideally should serve as one of the critics for people in power and government apparatus, for example by continuing to question how hate speech is studied, including in the context of its definition and how it affects the implementation in Indonesia. Hence, the authors urged Indonesian academics to do more studies on hate speech from various backgrounds with more rigorous and various research methods to be able to expand the knowledge on hate speech cases in Indonesia.
Digital divide: Mobile internet speeds in the Pacific
Authors: Watson Amanda H A , Fox Rohan
Published: October 2021

This article outlines mobile internet speeds experienced by 15 smartphone users in the Pacific region. It presents new quantitative data collected over a six-month-long period. The data were collected in order to provide a comparison of places and to look for trends over time. The research was adjusted for confounding factors like weather and building type. The findings indicate substantial differences between the internet speeds and reliability experienced in Australian cities compared to the readings in Pacific Island locations. Over the six-month-long period, there were no substantial improvements or decreases in internet speeds at any of the included locations. This finding takes into account changes in weather, time of day and surroundings. As expected, clear skies and outdoor settings were positively associated with faster internet speeds, compared to rainy periods and indoor readings in the same geographical areas.
Papua and the public: News framing of the 2019 Asrama Papua conflict
Authors: Harsa Annisa Nadia Putri , Rofil Lily El Ferawati
Published: October 2021

The 2019 Asrama Papua conflict in Surabaya initiated many discourses on racial discrimination and police brutality towards Papuan students in Indonesia. The question arises as to how the public perceive news framing and its effects on public opinion. This question will be answered by examining reports in the newspapers Kompas (published in Jakarta) and Jubi (Jayapura, Papua) which display quite different thematic and rhetorical structures. As secondary research, this article aims to assess the public opinion on the framing of the incident based on Berger and Luckmann’s Social Construction of Reality. Through qualitative focus group discussion, this study examines people’s perceptions of news media framing and its effect on the shaping of public opinion towards an ethnic minority group. The results show that media framing reinforces a certain idea of public opinion towards minority groups through various factors such as Perspective of Reporting and Depth of Reporting, both of which differ in Kompas and Jubi as a result of differences in their audiences. Differences were also found in such factors as the thematic structure between lens of sympathy and lens of antagonism. Ultimately, this research suggests that the public possess an awareness of news framing, thus giving them the capability to construct their own critical viewpoints towards media and the incident.
The role of collaborative journalism in West Papua: A Jubi and Tirto case study
Authors: Abrar Ana Nadhya
Published: October 2021

In this article, the author explores the collaboration between Tirto and Jubi in reporting on the Wamena and Jayapura riots in September 2019 in what has been described as the Papuan Uprising. The collaboration was greatly influenced by the desire of both media to improve the quality of news on human rights violations in West Papua. Tirto is an Indonesian online media outlet. Its journalists often criticise various government policies and the Indonesian political world through headlines, news and special articles. Tirto won an award as the Most Innovative Cyber Media in the 2017 Adinegoro Journalism Awards organised by the Indonesian Journalists Association. In the following year, Tirto became the only media outlet in Indonesia to receive an award from the International Fact-Checking Network (IFCN). Jubi is a general news media service from West Papua which reports on the West Papuan conflict, especially human rights issues. At the conceptual level, one can expect an accurate and in-depth report resulting from the journalism collaboration between Tirto and Jubi. However, at the practical level, a question arises about what the collaboration means for the life of West Papuan journalists? Research results using qualitative content analysis and interviews suggest that the collaborative journalism they created was able to restore West Papuan journalists’self-esteem. These findings can contribute to the enhancement of the knowledge in the field of journalism and provide valuable information for West Papuan journalists.
REVIEW: Truly critical and honest appraisals of The Guardian’s record as a guardian of power still needed
Authors: Edwards David
Published: October 2021

Capitalism’s Conscience: 200 Years of the Guardian, edited by Des Freedman. London: Pluto Press. 2021, 320 pages. ISBN 9780745343341; 9780745343358

A collection of essays, Capitalism’s Conscience—200 Years of the Guardian, has been recently published. Edited by Des Freedman, professor of media and communications at Goldsmiths, University of London, the volume notes that Guardian editor Kath Viner promised that her newspaper would ‘challenge the economic assumptions of the last three decades’, ‘challenge the powerful’ and ‘use clarity and imagination to build hope’. Freedman says the book ‘seeks to examine these claims’ (Freedman, 2021, x). The collection of essays, mostly contributed by media academics, is published by Pluto Press, which has published all three Media Lens books; most recently, Propaganda Blitz, in 2018. Several good reasons for not criticising a book published by one’s own publisher can be found in Tolstoy’s list, but the academic filtering of truth is a key issue that cries out for honest discussion. This essay by three prominent journalists critiques Capitalism’s Conscience and concludes there is a pressing need for truly critical and honest appraisals of The Guardian’s record as a guardian of power
The weather is never neutral: Then and now
Authors: Rees Jeremy
Published: October 2021

Reporting on the weather may seem at first glance to be a very light story, but it can actually be a serious reflection of how we see ourselves and our changing perception of the world. In 1996, the author embarked on a light-hearted survey of 23 daily papers to find what New Zealand newspapers’ weather reports said about their attitudes to the world. In the middle of the 2020 COVID lockdown he re-ran the survey to see what had changed.
REVIEW: Moruroa Files: The files, the book and the lies
Authors: Manuireva Ena
Published: October 2021

Toxique: Enquête sur les essais nucléaires français en Polynésie, by Sébastien Philippe and Tomas Statius, and the Moruroa Files microsite. Paris: PUF/Disclose, 2021. 192 pages. ISBN 9782130814849https://moruroa-files.org/   THE COMBINATION of nuclear expertise (Sebastien Philippe), inquisitive journalism (Tomas Statius) and the investigative approach by Interprt (a collective of architects specialising in the forensic analysis of environmental crimes) of around 2000 declassified French government documents in 2013 called the Moruroa Files, resulted in the explosive book Toxic about what was already known to the Ma’ohi Nui (French Polynesia) people. That since 1966 (55 years ago), the French government has consistently lied about and concealed the deadly consequences of their nuclear tests, which they now seem to acknowledge (French admit nuclear test fall out, 2006), to the health of the populations and their environment.
Strings attached: New Zealand’s climate aid in the South Pacific
Authors: Scott Matthew
Published: October 2021

Commentary: Throughout New Zealand’s history, the nation has maintained a close and privileged relationship with its island neighbours in the South Pacific, exemplified by centuries of trade and migration. As the effects of climate change encroach on South Pacific nations such as the Cook Islands, Fiji, Samoa and Tonga, New Zealand has implemented an aid programme via the Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Trade in order to mitigate the effects of the changing climate on these countries economically and socially. However, research depicts an aid programme that may do harm alongside good—by prioritising climate change mitigation over more sustainable and community-centred strategies, New Zealand has created a situation in which these countries become dependent on our solutions to their problems. By researching the controversial record of climate adaptation and mitigation strategies funded by developed nations across the South Pacific, it becomes evident that New Zealand’s programme of climate aid in the region is neocolonial and unsustainable.
COVID-19 vaccine online misinformation in Fiji: Preliminary findings
Authors: Kant Romitesh , Varea Rufino , Titifanue Jason
Published: October 2021

Digital media, opens a vast array of avenues for lay people to effectively engage with news, information and debates about important science and health issues. However, they have also become a fertile ground for various stakeholders to spread misinformation and disinformation, stimulate uncivil discussions and engender ill-informed, dangerous public decisions. During the COVID-19 pandemic, antivaccination social media accounts are proliferating online, threatening to further escalate vaccine hesitancy. The pandemic signifies not only a global health crisis, it has also proven to be an infodemic characterised by many conspiracy theories. Prior research indicates that belief in health-related conspiracies can harm efforts to curtail the spread of a virus. This article presents and examines preliminary research findings on COVID-19 vaccine related misinformation being circulated on Fijian Facebook Forums.
The COVID-19 pandemic: Resilience of Indonesian journalists
Authors: Parahita Gilang Desti
Published: October 2021

The COVID-19 pandemic has forced the global news industry to adapt to the current crisis. In some Global South countries, challenges have also come from an existing political instability and economic limitations. Indonesia represents a Global South country where its journalists have struggled to maintain the quality of news while many have faced layoffs. This research involved a survey data with 100 respondents, some interviews and observations, which indicated that in the COVID-19 pandemic Indonesian journalists have been severely affected and are not sufficiently equipped or prepared to face any accelerated and sudden changes caused by the coronavirus. However, in some instances, journalists have been able to deploy advanced digital technology and work collaboratively to provide quality information during the pandemic. The article argues that mastering journalism data and collaborative work should be embraced to enhance the resilience of the journalist community.
REVIEW: Like the pandemic, climate action is urgent
Authors: Robie David
Published: October 2021

Climate Aotearoa: What’s happening and what we can do about it, edited by Helen Clark. Auckland: Allen & Unwin, 2021. 327 pages. ISBN 9781988547633
WHEN the publication of Climate Aotearoa was heralded by Radio New Zealand in April 2021 it was featured along with a striking image and a quote from the collection editor, former prime minister Helen Clark. The illustration by Vinay Ranchhod was a dazzling red lobster in a boiling pot.
'I would liken [the challenge of climate change] to being the lobster in the pot and the pot starts to heat, and by the time it’s realised it’s being cooked, it’s too late to change. Its fate is sealed.
'That’s in essence the message: you’ve got time to act, the window is closing. And if you don’t, you’re going to get over those tipping points from which there’s no return.' (‘Time for action’, 2021)
'I want to buy my own block of land': Representation of urban settlement communities in Papua New Guinea
Authors: Molus Wilma , Thomas Verena , Kauli Jackie , Buys Laurie
Published: October 2021

Urban settlements are home to around half the urban population of Papua New Guinea. Since the end of the Second World War, PNG towns and cities have experienced significant growth of urban settlements. Urban dwellings were established on customary and untransformed state lands. With limited support for services from government, informal settlements in the urban landscape have often been perceived from the perspective of their deficiencies. However, residents of urban settlement communities play an important role in urban economies. The purpose of this article is to critically review perceptions of settlements and issues affecting settlement communities in PNG, both in the mainstream media and from within settlement communities. The authors first present a media content analysis of reporting on settlement communities on PNG’s main online media sites. Second, they examine urban market vendors’ personal experiences of the challenges and solutions of living in Kamkumung Settlement in Lae. Drawing on storytelling and photovoice workshops with market vendors at Awagasi market, they argue for the need for media actively to include the voices of settlement residents. The article suggests that, by better understanding the context and personal experience of residents, journalists and the media could make a stronger contribution to sustainable development and urban planning in PNG.
Manus to Meanjin: A case study of refugee migration, polymorphic borders and Australian ‘imperialism’
Authors: Ubayasiri Kasun
Published: October 2021

This non-traditional research article argues that the refugee and asylum-seeker protests in Brisbane’s Kangaroo Point between April 2, 2020 and April 14, 2021 can be viewed against a backdrop of Australian colonialism—where successive Australian governments have used former colonies in Nauru and Manus Island in Papua New Guinea as offshore detention facilities—as a dumping ground for asylum-seekers. Within the same context this article argues that the men’s removal to the Kangaroo Point Alternative Place of Detention is a continuation of this colonial policy of incarcerating ‘undesirables’ on occupied land, in this case on Meanjin—Jagera land identified by the colonial name of Brisbane. This extension of Australian sub-imperial and neo-colonial dominion and the imagining of its boundaries is viewed though the theoretical prism of a polymorphic border, a border that shifts and morphs depending on who attempts to cross it. In a departure from orthodox research practice, this article will use visual storytelling drawn from photojournalism praxis alongside more traditional text-based research prose.  In doing so, it will use photo-journalistic artifacts and the visual politics that surround them, as core dialogical components in the presentation of the article as opposed to using them as mere illustrations or props.
Crisis communication and COVID-19: Covering two Pacific tragedies with storytelling
Authors: Robie David
Published: October 2021

Frontline journalism in the age of COVID-19 has posed particular challenges in dealing with personal risk, tackling an ‘infodemic’ of misinformation, and providing valuable news that can be used in vulnerable Pacific countries that have struggled with soaring infections and limited health infrastructure and resources. Five Pacific countries or territories have borne the brunt of the coronavirus pandemic—Fiji, French Polynesia, Guam, Papua New Guinea, and Timor-Leste. This article introduces two examples of public health storytelling in crisis communication, one being a pregnant Papua New Guinea woman who walked 25 kilometres to the nearest hospital—and died on reaching her destination; the other a pregnant Fijian nurse who died after battling COVID-19.