bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effect of obesity and hypertension on left ventricular geometry and function among asymptomatic Indian adults
Authors:   Department of Physiology, Sri Devaraj Urs Medical College, Sri Devaraj Urs Academy of Higher Education and Research, Kolar, Karnataka, India, Mamatha Shree C , Prashanth KS , Girija B ,   Department of Physiology, Bangalore Medical College & Research Institute, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
Published: October 2024

Hypertension & obesity are important independent predictors of cardiovascular morbidity & mortality specifically left ventricular (LV) functions. With the Objectives to examine the effect of obesity & hypertension on echocardiographic parameters of geometry, systolic, and diastolic functions of left ventricle in asymptomatic adults the cross-sectional study was conducted with 100 individuals (60 male & 40 female). Their Blood Pressure & Body Mass Index was recorded following which they were divided into obese normotensives & non-obese hypertensive. Echocardiographic parameters indicating LV geometry and function were recorded. Data was statistically analysed with Unpaired t test considering p value <0.05 as significant. LV geometry and LV systolic function parameters were significantly altered in non-obese hypertensive. Parameters of LV diastolic functions were affected in obese normotensives. 54% of obese normotensives had LV diastolic dysfunction & 58% of non-obese hypertensive had LV diastolic dysfunction. 2% of obese non-hypertensive individuals had LV systolic dysfunction & 6% of non-obese hypertensive had LV diastolic dysfunction. Hypertension significantly affects LV geometry, LV systolic and diastolic function. Obesity affects LV geometry & diastolic functions of LV even in individuals with preserved systolic function.
An in vitro wear behavior analysis of polymer composite for biomedical application
Authors:   Department of Mechanical Engineering, SRM University, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India, Arputham Arul Jeyakumar , Arul Queen Alice ,   Department of Dentistry, AIIMS (All India Institute of Medical Sciences) Kalyani, West Bengal, India, Mahalingam Padmapriya ,   Department of Conservative Dentistry & Endodontics, Government Dental College, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India, Debnath Dipanjan ,   Department of Conservative Dentistry & Endodontics, Government Dental College, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
Published: October 2024

The tribological performance of basalt fiber reinforced PEEK material especially used as a biomaterial in many biomedical and dental applications is of interest. The specimens of three different weight fractions of PEEK and basalt fiber are fabricated as per ASTM G99 standards. The prepared specimens are having PEEK and basalt fiber in the weight percentage of 90:10, 80:20 and 70:30 ratio and named as PBC 1, PBC 2 and PBC 3 respectively. The specimens are subjected to pin-on-disc test using EN31 steel as the sliding disc material. The hardness of PBC 2 specimen shows a better value of 50.74 HRB. Wear resistance is comparatively less when Basalt weight percentage increases from 10% to 20%, but further increase of basalt fiber in the composite, the wear resistance drops down. Similarly, the COF values also noted high for PBC 2 compared to pure PEEK, PBC 1 and PBC 3 composites. PBC 2 sample is found to be better with high wear resistance.
Substâncias psicoativas: O impacto negativo das anfetaminas e semelhantes na saúde do ser humano
Authors: Gehrke Stéfany , Ehrhardt Alexandre , Trojahn Filho César Gilmar
Published: October 2024

Objetivo: apresentar o impacto negativo das anfetaminas e semelhantes sobre a saúde do ser humano. Método: trata-se de uma revisão de literatura, através da busca de artigos em bancos de dados online como: Scientific Eletronic Library Online e Literatura Latino-americana e do Caribe em Ciências da Saúde, utilizando os descritores: Central Nervous System, Disorders Caused by Stimulant Drugs, Psychoactive Substances, Euphorizing Drugs e combinações. Resultados e discussão: foram incluídos estudos sobre o consumo dessas anfetaminas publicados na língua portuguesa, inglesa e espanhola nos últimos 10 anos. Dos 59 artigos encontrados, 12 se enquadraram nos critérios de inclusão sobre os riscos que as anfetaminas apresentam ao seu mau uso. Considerações finais:  o uso de anfetaminas e seus semelhantes é influenciado por questões sociais, ambientais e culturais. Portanto, verificou-se com os resultados obtidos que o uso dessas drogas estimulantes consumidas ilegalmente é prejudicial à saúde, e dessa forma, para combater o uso dessas substâncias, é necessário realizar campanhas em que o governo ajude a promover com ações auxiliar os grupos mais atingidos por essa classe ilícita.
Perfil epidemiológico da dengue na região sul entre 2017 e 2024
Authors: Tonin Diane Gabrieli , Navarini de Aguiar Winícius , Ferreira de Bairros Carina , Bassani Cintia , Kase Tanno Luciana
Published: October 2024

Objetivo: determinar o perfil epidemiológico da dengue na região sul do Brasil no período de 2017 a 2024, identificando possíveis fatores associados ao aumento da incidência. Método: estudo observacional, descritivo, transversal e retrospectivo, de natureza quantitativa, com análise de dados secundários do departamento de informática do sistema único de saúde. Resultados: foram notificados 1.761.408 casos, com o maior número em 2024 (n=662.295). A incidência foi maior entre mulheres (54,2%) e nas faixas etárias de 20-39 anos e 40-59 anos. O sorotipo 1 predominou em 2022-2024 e o sorotipo 2 em 2019-2020. A forma clássica foi a mais observada. Conclusão: houve crescimento no número de casos desde 2020, com subnotificação em 2021 devido à pandemia da Covid-19, e aumento expressivo em 2024. Fatores climáticos e ineficiência nas ações de controle do vetor são relevantes na expansão da dengue.
Evaluación de prácticas de gestión de cartera de crédito en bancos ecuatorianos: efectividad y tendencias
Authors: Arias Collaguazo Wilmer Medardo , Pinda Guanolema Bayron Ramiro , Maldonado Gudiño Carlos Wilman
Published: October 2024

El objetivo de esta investigación fue analizar la asociación entre el tipo de identificación del usuario y los métodos de gestión empleados en las estrategias de recuperación de cartera de crédito en el sistema bancario ecuatoriano. Se realizó un análisis cuantitativo descriptivo utilizando datos de la Superintendencia de Bancos del Ecuador, abarcando todas las entidades bancarias reguladas en un período específico. La metodología se basó en un censo que incluyó a la población completa de interés, sin necesidad de cálculo de muestra. Los resultados descriptivos mostraron el predominio de las gestiones telefónicas, mensajes SMS y correos electrónicos como las tácticas más utilizadas, con preferencias según el tipo de identificación del usuario. El análisis inferencial, mediante la prueba de Chi-cuadrado, demostró una asociación estadísticamente significativa entre el tipo de identificación del usuario y el método de gestión utilizado, indicando que las diferencias observadas no eran aleatorias. La discusión subrayó la necesidad de estrategias de recuperación adaptativas a cambios económicos, regulatorios y culturales. Se destacó el impacto de las nuevas tecnologías en la personalización de estrategias y la importancia de equilibrar la efectividad de la recuperación con el mantenimiento de relaciones positivas con los clientes a largo plazo. En conclusión, este estudio proporcionó una base empírica para optimizar las estrategias de comunicación y asignar recursos de gestión de acuerdo con los diferentes tipos de identificación de los usuarios. Los hallazgos enfatizan la necesidad de una estrategia de recuperación dinámica y adaptable para sostener el desempeño financiero.
Potencial turístico como estrategia de desarrollo social y económico del municipio de San Juanito Meta, Colombia
Authors: Ortiz Moreno Jeimmy Yolima , Álvarez Holguín Berleny , Bello Hernández Lina Fernanda , Lee Peña Angie Tatiana
Published: October 2024

El objetivo del presente trabajo de investigación es analizar el potencial turístico como estrategia de desarrollo social y económico del municipio de San Juanito Meta, Colombia. Se desarrollo una investigación con enfoque mixto, de tipo no experimental de corte transversal y alcance descriptivo que facilitó obtener una instantánea del estado actual del turismo y la percepción de los locales. Para la recolección de la información se diseñaron dos encuestas, una aplicada a 260 habitantes de la región y otra a 390 turistas. Estas encuestas permitieron conocer las potencialidades turísticas de la región, los principales problemas existentes y las preferencias generales de los turistas. Se llegó a la conclusión de que el turismo es uno de los factores esenciales que puede contribuir al desarrollo de las zonas implicadas en el entorno urbano y rural. Se determinó que no existe suficiente divulgación sobre San Juanito Meta y sus sitios turísticos. Se muestra el interés de la población en el turismo de naturaleza y la necesidad del desarrollo de nuevas actividades para aumentar el bienestar del turista, así como la necesidad de mejorar la infraestructura de hoteles, restaurantes.
Incidencia de estrategias metacognitivas en el desempeño escolar de la asignatura matemática en el cantón Pastaza, Ecuador
Authors: Baque Aguayo Silvia de Lourdes , Yedra Machado Margarita Eugenia , Oña Cárdenas Ofelia María , Vargas Cuenca Silvia Maritza
Published: October 2024

Las habilidades matemáticas son esenciales no solo en el ámbito académico, sino también en el desarrollo de competencias para la vida cotidiana. El objetivo de la investigación es analizar la efectividad en el mejoramiento de la comprensión y resolución de problemas matemáticos de las estrategias metacognitivas en el desempeño escolar de los estudiantes en la asignatura de matemáticas en el cantón Pastaza, Ecuador. Se realizó un estudio descriptivo con diseño correlacional en 89 estudiantes de bachillerato. Se aplicó el cuestionario de Estrategias Metacognitivas, compuesto por 20 ítems, basado en una escala Likert. Se utilizó el coeficiente de correlación de Pearson para analizar la relación entre las estrategias metacognitivas y el rendimiento académico. Los resultados indicaron que el monitoreo metacognitivo mostró una correlación significativa con el rendimiento académico (r=0,56). Las estrategias cognitivas (r=0,49) y las estrategias metacognitivas generales (r=0,52) también presentaron correlaciones moderadas. Sin embargo, la planificación y la conciencia metacognitiva mostraron correlaciones más débiles (r=0,32 y r=0,21, respectivamente). Por tanto, las estrategias metacognitivas, especialmente el monitoreo, juegan un papel clave en el rendimiento académico en matemáticas, aunque se resalta la necesidad de fortalecer la enseñanza de la planificación y conciencia metacognitiva.
Loan Issue by Business Participants in Various Forms of Doing Business: Problems of Legal Qualification
Authors: Kozlova Nataliya
Published: October 2024

Russian legislation, law enforcement practice and legal science are actively developing the legal regulation of loan relations not only in the field of contractual, but also corporate and investment relations. Objectively, the loan has outgrown the monetary sphere and the legal relationship of obligations for the temporary, refundable and reimbursable use of other people's funds. In the modern economy, a loan is in demand as a universal means and form of lending and asset turnover with the formation of individual registration of the goals, rights and obligations of participants. The general orientation and purpose of improving Russian legislation should be considered to provide new opportunities for entrepreneurship when using borrowed instruments, provided that equality and protection of its participants are guaranteed. The article analyzes the loan issue by entities for carrying out entrepreneurial activities in various organizational and legal forms. The authors investigate the admissibility of loans by participants of a commercial corporation, propose criteria for the admissibility of loans from participants and describe situations when such loans are subject to judicial reclassification. The authors concluded that in the absence of corporate obstacles (the charter does not contain a ban on making contributions to the company's property; the need for property is permanent; all participants of the company are ready to finance its activities, etc.), then the establishment of repayment of deposits contradicts the essence of corporate relations, violates the interests of the company and its creditors. The authors noted the risks of mixing corporate and contractual relations, and assessed the convertible loan agreement.
Mechanism of Administrative and Legal Regulation
Authors: Emelyanov Alexander
Published: October 2024

In modern conditions, issues of regulating relations related to the implementation of public administration and the protection of subjective rights, freedoms and legitimate interests in this area are of great importance. Their consideration at the scientific, educational and didactic levels can be carried out through such a category as a mechanism of administrative and legal regulation. Its use in scientific circulation makes it possible to establish the relationship that exists between the norms of administrative law, administrative legal relations and legal acts of management, as well as to characterize the interaction between them. This article attempts to systematically study these categories, as well as the features of their implementation in individual institutions of administrative law in Russia and foreign countries. The mechanism of administrative legal regulation is studied in the science of administrative law in the aspect of the action of various regulatory and protective measures, through the prism of the implementation of state regulatory policy, special administrative legal regimes and administrative responsibility, protection of subjective administrative rights, mandatory requirements, and administrative coercion. At the same time, until now in the science of Russian administrative law, despite its widespread use of this category in relation to applied issues of public administration, it has not been the subject of comprehensive scientific knowledge. At the same time, at the theoretical level it is recognized that subjective administrative rights and obligations cannot exist outside the application of the norms of administrative law and the implementation of administrative legal relations. This scientific article defines the importance of the mechanism of administrative and legal regulation, presents the content of this scientific category, and carries out an analysis of scientific positions existing in the relevant field of knowledge.
Serotonin Deficits as a Factor in Suicidal Behavior a Critical Review
Authors:   Fielding Graduate University, USA, J. Mangini Elizabeth , Field Tiffany
Published: October 2024

Serotonin neurotransmitter levels and receptor site dysfunction have been indicated as a potential factor influencing suicidal behaviors in individuals with major depressive disorder and in individuals with a history of suicide attempts. The serotonin system's abnormal activity is associated with an increased risk of suicide for those with MDD and a history of suicide attempts, however full understanding of the complex relationship between the serotonin system and suicide is still elusive. Despite this lack of firm understanding, progress is being made towards clinically useful tools and models. This paper analyzes scholarly research articles and provides a critical review of the current state of the field of research.
The role of primary care practitioners in cancer control in South Africa: a systems-based case study
Authors: Ras Tasleem , Adeleke Olukayode , Moodley Jennifer
Published: October 2024

Aim

Cancer care has largely been the domain of oncology specialists. With increased awareness of the importance of primary care in the context of universal health coverage, there has been a shift to explore the role of primary care in comprehensive cancer management. This includes health promotion, screening, diagnosing, referral to oncology services, and longitudinal care that includes co-ordination of care, survivorship, and palliative care. This paper focuses on the role of primary care practitioners in health promotion, early detection and care co-ordination. Nurses and doctors who work in primary care are included as primary care practitioners.

Methods

Using a patient vignette narrative tool, the triad of patient empowerment in the form of enhanced health literacy, clinical competence, and system effectiveness, are discussed as the basis for early cancer detection. A complex intervention to improve primary-level cancer care and the implications thereof for the important role of care co-ordination undertaken by primary care practitioners, is also presented.

Findings

For effective patient assessment, primary care practitioners must be trained in screening and diagnostic techniques as part of their clinical competencies as generalists. These competencies include risk identification, counselling skills, expert clinical examination, interpretation of basic x-rays, minor surgical skills, interpreting blood tests, and point-of-care ultrasound. Against a backdrop of ongoing budget constraints, consumables and equipment needed for diagnosis should be readily available and referral pathways for patients and specimens should be clearly defined and resourced.

Conclusions

Primary care practitioners in community-based facilities are well-placed to engage with the psychosociocultural dimensions of care. The SA health system places primary care at the point of closest contact with communities. Efficient care pathways are needed by primary care practitioners to adopt the role of care co-ordinator when patients with suspected or confirmed cancer enter these pathways. When considered alongside the overburdened primary care patient-load and the ever-increasing mix of co-morbidities, the complexity of primary care is appreciated. Understanding the complexities of primary care in the context of cancer control is an important component of a holistic cancer control programme.
Reducing colorectal cancer mortality in South Africa: experiences and progress from the South African National Cancer Prevention Services
Authors: Chen Wenlong C. , van Wyk Abrie , Algar Ursula , Muchengeti Mazvita , Buccimazza Ines , Malherbe Francois , Mbatani Nomonde , Ramesar Raj , Goldberg Paul A. ,   On behalf of the SANCaPS Group
Published: October 2024

Aim

The incidence rates of colorectal cancer are rapidly increasing in South Africa. Previous studies have shown that the prevalence of inherited colorectal cancer in South Africa is 3-5 times higher than in high-income countries. Targeted screening and surveillance programmes for individuals with known colorectal cancer-causing mutations have resulted in increased life expectancy. The South African National Cancer Prevention Services (SANCaPS), was established to implement national systems for identifying individuals with inherited cancers, improving their clinical management, and reducing the overall disease burden.

Methods

Using colorectal cancer as an example, SANCaPS aimed to extend surveillance and management practices from the Western Cape to a national level. The goals included improving the quality of pathology reporting, establishing counselling systems for at-risk individuals, developing cost-effective mutation detection protocols, identifying and counselling at-risk family members, providing mutation testing, organising endoscopic surveillance programmes for high-risk individuals, setting ethical frameworks for research, and extrapolating learnings from the inherited colorectal cancers surveillance programme to other cancers with known hereditary predispositions.

Results

SANCaPS initiated the standardisation of national pathology reporting for colorectal cancers. Currently, a minimum core pathology dataset collection is being piloted in the National Health Laboratory Service’s TrakCare system. Subsequently, SANCaPS aims for broader adoption through stakeholder engagements. This will help to identify patients with mismatch repair-deficient colorectal cancers, facilitate research, and improve reporting.

Conclusions

To improve patient outcomes, this consultative process and framework will be replicated to introduce standardised management workflows for other common cancers, including breast, prostate, uterine, and others.
Breast cancer: do the current policies mean anything?
Authors: Botha Susan , Ledibane Neo R.T. , Dreosti Lydia M.
Published: October 2024

Aim

Breast cancer remains one of the most prevalent malignancies globally with a high mortality rate. South Africa has a number of policies in place designed to ensure that minimum delays are experienced by patients from first symptom to initial treatment. This study was initiated to determine where the longest delays occurred during the patient’s journey, from the first symptom to the first treatment. This information, combined with the existing policy, identifies shortfalls in the breast cancer diagnostic and treatment pathways that must be addressed.

Methods

A cross-sectional study was undertaken in the Department of Medical Oncology, University of Pretoria/Steve Biko Academic Hospital between April 2020 and August 2021, analysing six timelines from first symptom to first treatment in patients with newly diagnosed breast cancer. Data was obtained by the researchers from the patients on their first visit relating to the delays experienced from first symptom to final biopsy. Clinical information was obtained from the patients’ source records once a treatment decision had been reached and treatment started where applicable.

Results

The longest delays experienced were between the patients’ first visit to any medical facility to date of diagnostic biopsy. Delays due to COVID-19 were in the minority with 13/79 (16.4%) patients reporting having experienced COVID-19 related delays. Key Area 2 of the Breast Cancer Prevention and Control Policy makes provision for patients to be referred directly to a regional/tertiary/quaternary medical facility for further screening, diagnosis and treatment within 21-60 days from the first visit. In the study’s cohort, a mean of four months from first visit to diagnostic biopsy was recorded. Overall delays of longer than 12 months due to non-representative biopsies (range 1-3) were recorded in three patients. Twenty-nine patients (36.7%) presented to three medical facilities prior to diagnostic biopsy with 10/79 (12.6%) and 1/79 (1.2%) presenting to four and five institutions, respectively, before the diagnostic biopsy.

Conclusions

The delays patients experienced highlights the lack of knowledge about the urgency and correct referral of suspected malignancy cases. Despite the number of promulgated policies relating to fast track systems via specialist breast units, fiscal and human capital deficiencies negatively impact the attempts to diagnose and treat patients timeously and increase survival.
Intra- and inter-facility experiences of coordinating care for patients with lung cancer in KwaZulu-Natal public health facilities: a qualitative study
Authors: Lubuzo Buhle , Hlongwana Khumbulani , Ginindza Themba
Published: October 2024

Aim

Despite evidence that effective cancer care coordination has yielded positive results in facilitating and supporting high-quality care, it remains a complex and challenging system to implement. South Africa’s mortality of lung cancer is reported at 13.4%, ranking highest among all cancers. Coordinating the care of cancer patients is complex and can last several months or years, with multiple consultations, rounds of treatment, and follow-up in various settings. With so many health professionals, services, and settings involved, the care of these patients can become fragmented and uncoordinated. This interface between primary and specialty care offers a valuable opportunity to appreciate the challenges of delivering well-coordinated cancer care. Consequently, this paper explores healthcare professionals’ perspectives on coordinating lung cancer care within and between healthcare services.

Methods

This study was conducted through virtual, telephonic, and face-to-face in-depth interviews with 26 purposively selected participants from primary to tertiary health professionals, using a semi-structured tool and drawing from grounded theory design. Data generation and analysis were conducted iteratively, followed by systematic thematic analysis to organise data, review, and interpret the findings.

Findings

The overall public health system challenges reported by participants involved service fragmentation, staff shortages, and communication problems. Drivers of lack of care coordination varied widely across healthcare professionals, with interoperability and communication challenges standing out as the most prominent themes. Consequently, better communication, interoperability, and improved care transitions between providers and health systems were proposed. This study provides pertinent information for policymakers and healthcare professionals to develop appropriate strategies for improving cancer care coordination interventions.

Conclusions

A fundamental change is required to shift the direction of the KwaZulu-Natal public health system towards responsive, patient-centred, comprehensive, and coordinated care. Enabling the primary healthcare level to play a substantial role in care coordination may provide a plausible intervention to circumvent healthcare complexities.
Leveraging implementation science for secondary prevention of cervical cancer in South Africa
Authors: Kawonga Mary
Published: October 2024

Aim

Cervical cancer is the second most common cancer and the top cause of cancer deaths amongst women in South Africa. Evidence-based interventions for secondary prevention of cervical cancer (cervical screening followed by treatment of identified pre-cancerous lesions) are available in South Africa’s health system, yet cervical cancer incidence remains high. This paper argues that this is partly due to implementation failure, i.e., deploying a good intervention ineffectively. Interventions found efficacious in controlled research settings may not achieve desired health outcomes when deployed in the real world due to implementation failure.

Methods

The field of implementation science offers frameworks for enhancing effective implementation. These frameworks guide the identification of implementation barriers and selection of context-relevant strategies for addressing them. This paper applies implementation science frameworks to secondary prevention in South Africa and promotes using such frameworks in cervical cancer prevention programming.

Findings

The problem of secondary prevention of cervical cancer in South Africa is contextualised. The paper conceptualises effective implementation as the attainment of implementation outcomes including acceptability, adoption, appropriateness, feasibility, fidelity, implementation cost, reach, and sustainability of evidence-based interventions. Drawing from the South African literature, examples of ineffective and failed implementation of secondary prevention interventions are presented including: low acceptability of screening by users and providers, sub-optimal adoption of screening provision by providers, low feasibility of hospital-centred pre-cancer treatment provision, low implementation fidelity, and limited reach of screening and pre-cancer treatment. Finally, using two examples, the paper provides practical guidance on how implementation science frameworks could be leveraged in South Africa to mitigate implementation failure.

Conclusions

Greater application of and capacity building in implementation science are recommended to contribute towards strengthening cervical cancer secondary prevention in South Africa.
Strengthening cancer care through the inclusion of audiological services
Authors: Nagdee Nabeelah , de Andrade Victor Manuel
Published: October 2024

Aim

Commonly used cancer treatments that treat the priority cancers are ototoxic. Ototoxicity can add to the already severe morbidity experienced by cancer survivors. It affects the quality of life and consequently has dire psycho-socio-emotional, cognitive, occupational, and scholastic effects. This article aims to highlight that the inclusion of audiological services, such as ototoxicity monitoring and management, can strengthen cancer care by reducing the morbidity and effects of ototoxicity. It explores the current practices of ototoxicity monitoring and management for cancer patients in South Africa and offers practical and innovative evidence-based solutions on how the practice can be improved. The paper also discusses how the National Care Strategic Framework (NCSF) (2017-2022) can be expanded to support the inclusion of audiological services by including ototoxicity monitoring and management in cancer care.

Methods

A review of literature was conducted utilising a narrative approach to explore audiological service provision for cancer care in South Africa. Peer-reviewed publications and clinical guidelines related to audiological and/or vestibular ototoxicity caused by cancer treatments were reviewed.

Findings

Despite the inroads that have been made in South Africa, resource and logistical limitations hinder the effectiveness of ototoxicity monitoring and management programmes. In addition, a lack of awareness of the ototoxic effects of some cancer treatments by oncology nurses, as well as ambiguity regarding the roles and responsibilities of the multidisciplinary cancer team in terms of ototoxicity monitoring, management, and patient counselling, further exacerbate the problem.

Conclusions

The effectiveness of ototoxicity monitoring and management could be enhanced by having a national and standardised protocol and programme incorporating tele-audiology and task-shifting. In addition, collaborative work among the cancer multidisciplinary team will foster holistic practice and integration of audiological services. Future versions of the NCSF should encompass considerations to reduce the associated burdens of cancer treatment, and audiological services, through ototoxicity monitoring, and ought to be included when providing cancer care to patients being treated with ototoxic agents.
Exploring factors associated with uptake of breast cancer screening among a subset of women in a South African metropolitan area: research to inform public health interventions
Authors: Peresu Ernest , Kigozi-Male Gladys , Engelbrecht Michelle , van Rooyen Ronel
Published: October 2024

Aim

Breast cancer represents a significant global health concern and remains a leading cause of cancer-related mortality, particularly among women in developing countries. Despite the South African Department of Health recommending early breast cancer detection to improve overall survival rates and enhance patients’ quality of life, there is lack of awareness among women regarding the importance of regular breast cancer screening and available options. This study investigates the factors associated with breast cancer screening uptake among a subset of women attending public health services in a South African metropolitan area.

Methods

A cross-sectional survey of adult women attending primary health care services at a community health centre was conducted in February-March 2020. Data on sociodemographics, health beliefs, access to information, and breast cancer screening uptake were subjected to descriptive and logistic regression analyses.

Results

Out of 252 women, 48.0% were older than 30 years, 69.4% were unemployed, and 56.0% self-reported breast cancer screening non-uptake. After adjusting for other variables, marital status, employment status, home language, and perceived breast cancer screening benefits were significantly associated with breast cancer screening uptake. Married women were twice (AoR: 2.3; CI: 1.19-4.58) as likely to self-report breast cancer screening than their unmarried counterparts. Employed women were almost thrice (AoR: 2.6; CI: 1.41-4.83) as likely to self-report breast cancer screening uptake relative to unemployed women. Women whose home language was Sesotho were almost twice (AoR: 1.9; CI: 1.05-3.43) as likely to self-report breast cancer screening than women reporting other home languages. Self-reported uptake of breast cancer screening was also more likely with every unit increase in perceived benefit scores (AoR: 1.1; CI: 1.02-1.16).

Conclusions

A significant proportion of women were in the age range where breast cancer screening is typically recommended, with more than half self-reporting breast cancer screening non-uptake. Results highlight the necessity of addressing socioeconomic, cultural and individual perceptions to improve breast cancer screening rates and promote early detection.
Ergenlere verilen menstrüel hijyen eğitiminin menstrüasyon davranışları ve öz yeterlik düzeylerine etkisi: Randomize kontrollü bir çalışma
Authors: Ayar Duygu , Polat Filiz , Karasu Fatma
Published: October 2024

Amaç: Bu çalışma ergenlere verilen menstrüel hijyen eğitiminin ergenlerin menstrüasyon davranışları ve öz yeterlik düzeylerine etkisini incelemek amacı ile yapılmıştır.
Yöntem: Randomize-kontrollü, deneysel bir çalışma olarak yapılan araştırma, 3 Nisan-12 Haziran 2023 tarihleri arasında 92 ergenle yürütülmüştür. Verilerin toplanmasında Kişisel Bilgi Formu ve Genel Öz Yeterlik Ölçeği kullanılmıştır. Girişim grubundaki ergenlere haftada 2 kez, toplamda 4 seans eğitim verilmiş; kontrol grubuna ise girişim uygulanmamıştır. Girişim ve kontrol grubundan eğitim öncesi ön test, eğitimden 8 hafta sonra son test verileri elde edilmiştir. Bulaş kontrol grubunun başka okuldan seçilmesi ile önlenmiştir.
Bulgular: Girişim grubunda eğitim öncesi ve sonrası ölçümlere bakıldığında; hijyenik ped kullanma (76.6-95.7), ped değiştirmeden önce ve sonra el yıkama (61.7-100), tuvalet temizliğini önden arkaya doğru yapma (44.7-93.6) gibi davranışlarda pozitif yönde değişimler saptanmıştır. Girişim grubunun Genel Öz Yeterlik Ölçeği son test puanlarının yükseldiği, ön test-son test puan ortalamaları arasındaki farkın önemli olduğu belirlenmiştir (p
PENGARUH MOTIVASI BELAJAR TERHADAP PRESTASI BELAJAR SISWA KELAS VIII PADA MATA PELAJARAN IPS DI MTs AL-HIDAYAH BEKASI
Authors: Abdul Walit  , Ayu Nurul Amalia  , Dermawan
Published: October 2024

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh motivasi belajar terhadap prestasi belajar siswa. Untuk memperoleh data digunakan instrumen motivasi belajar dan nilai ujian siswa kelas VIII mata pelajaran IPS, pernyataan kuesioner dalam bentuk skala Likert. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif, dengan sumber data diperoleh sampel dengan jumlah 15 responden atau siswa dan siswi MTs Al-Hidayah Bekasi. Adapun teknik analisis data yang digunakan yaitu regresi linier sederhana dengan menggunakan aplikasi SPSS 20. Hasil analisis data menunjukkan bahwa pada perhitungan motivasi belajar dan prestasi belajar kelas VIII MTs Al-Hidayah Bekasi didapatkan Fhitung > Ftabel (5,947) > (4,67) maka Ho ditolak dan nilai signifikansi 0,030 yang kecil dari 0.05. Dan pada uji t palrsiall, nilali thitung > ttabel (2,849 > 2,178) dengaln nilali Sig. 0,030 < 0,05 sehinggal halsil uji t palrsiall menunjukkaln balhwal valrialbel Motivalsi belaljalr berpengalruh terhaldalp valrialbel Prestalsi Belaljalr. Dengan demikian artinya motivasi belajar berpengaruh terhadap prestasi belajar siswa, dengan persamaan regresi Y = 11,881 + 0,804 X Dimana Nilali α (konstanta) sebesar 11,881 menyatakan apabila variabel Prestasi Belajar sebesar 11,881 maka Motivasi Belajar tidak meningkat. Nilai koefisien (X) sebesar 0,804 bernilai positif, artinya jika variabel Motivasi Belajar meningkat satu satuan maka variabel Prestasi Belajar akan meningkat sebesar 0,804.Dan Motivasi Belajar berpengaruh terhadap Prestasi Belajar Siswa. Hal ini dapat dibuktikan dengan melihat nilai determinan R Square yaitu sebesar 0,314 atau 31.4%, adapun 68,4% dipengaruhi oleh variabel lain.
Investigation of the effect of catechol-o-methyltransferase gene rs4680 polymorphism on trigeminal neuralgia susceptibility
Authors: Akarsu Nuraleyna , Yilmaz Ozlem Ozge , Tacal Aslan Beste , Gungor Fatma , Gulluoglu Mehmet , Dergin Guhan , Ulucan Korkut
Published: October 2024

Research has been conducted to explore the genetic basis of trigeminal neuralgia, a persistent pain condition that impacts the trigeminal nerve. COMT is an enzyme responsible for inactivating substances and hormones containing catechol and catecholamines. Previous research has linked COMT gene polymorphism with various pain conditions, including migraine. Our research aimed to investigate the correlation between trigeminal neuralgia and the rs4680 polymorphism of the COMT gene. We conducted a research project which included 10 individuals diagnosed with trigeminal neuralgia and 30 healthy individuals as controls. Following collection of blood samples, we isolated DNA from the samples and then genotyping of COMT rs4680 polymorphism was performed with Real-Time PCR, using TaqMan SNP Genotyping Assay. Among the trigeminal neuralgia patients, 2 of them exhibited the AA genotype, 6 had the AG genotype, and 2 had the GG genotype for COMT rs4680. The AG genotype was notably prevalent. No statistically significant differences in the distributions of COMT genotypes and allele frequencies were found between the experimental (patients) and the control group. However, the AG genotype appeared to be more frequent in the patient group. Moving forward, we plan to expand our study by increasing the number of patients and control subjects. This will enable us to further elucidate the potential relationship between COMT gene polymorphism and trigeminal neuralgia.
Alteraciones neurológicas y su asociación con el estado inmunovirológico en niños infectados con VIH: 20 años de experiencia
Authors: Fernández María Eugenia , Prado Damián , Sánchez Ma. Florencia , Balbaryski Jeanette , Gaddi Eduardo , Barboni Graciela
Published: October 2024

Introducción: las manifestaciones neurológicas observadas durante la infección por virus de la inmunodeficiencia humana (VIH) están directamente relacionadas con la acción del virus sobre el sistema nervioso central o el desarrollo de infecciones oportunistas a consecuencia de la inmunodepresión. Objetivo: describir la prevalencia y tipo de manifestaciones neurológicas y la asociación con el estado inmunovirológico en una población pediátrica infectada con VIH.Materiales y métodos: se analizaron historias clínicas de niños VIH (+) seguidos en el Hospital de Niños Dr. Pedro de Elizalde en los últimos 20 años. Se evaluaron niveles de linfocitos TCD4+ (LT CD4+) y carga viral, al momento de aparición de manifestaciones neurológicas. Resultados: Del total de 487 historias clínicas analizadas, diecinueve pacientes presentaron alteraciones neurológicas confirmadas (3,9%).. Doce pacientes (63 %) desarrollaron encefalopatía por VIH, mientras que tres (15,8 %) presentaron infección por Cryptococcus neoformans. En cinco pacientes, la aparición de signos neurológicos fue el hallazgo clínico que llevó a la sospecha de infección por VIH. Diecisiete niños (89 %) presentaron inmunosupresión moderada o severa, según la Clasificación Pediátrica del Centro de Control y Prevención de Enfermedades, al momento de la manifestación neurológica. La falta de correcta adherencia al tratamiento antirretroviral fue la característica común en todos los pacientes que presentaron diferentes tipos de manifestaciones neurológicas.Conclusión: la encefalopatía por VIH fue la alteración neurológica con mayor prevalencia en la población pediátrica estudiada. Su presencia, junto con la de otras entidades con diferente grado de afectación del sistema nervioso central.
Recomendaciones para el uso de biomarcadores en el paciente con COVID-19. Primera parte
Authors: Raimondi Rosana Andrea , Quattrocchi Gabriela , Jacquier Graciela Beatriz
Published: October 2024

La infección producida por el virus SARS-CoV-2 afecta la estructura de diferentes órganos como el corazón, el riñón y el pulmón. Este daño se puede detectar con pruebas del laboratorio clínico. El presente trabajo es una revisión bibliográfica que intenta acercar al bioquímico una actualización de las características del dímero D y la procalcitonina, métodos diagnósticos, y su utilidad clínica en la enfermedad COVID-19 tanto en el diagnóstico como el seguimiento de los pacientes.
Biotecnología aplicada al diagnóstico y tratamiento de la COVID
Authors: Sterin Prync Aida , Carlucci Adriana Mónica , Cabarcos Restovich Delfina , Fabro Juan Pedro , Ficco Martina , Belen Belen , Ingolotti Sol Pierina , Negro Agustina , Bustos Florencia , Stabile Gina Belén
Published: October 2024

Introducción: el virus SARS-CoV-2 (Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2), que produce una patología llamada COVID-19 (Coronavirus Disease 2019), presenta cuadros diversos, desde los completamente asintomáticos hasta neumonías fatales. Debido, además, a su alta tasa de transmisión ha provocado una pandemia de consecuencias históricas. Objetivo: analizar los aportes derivados de la Biotecnología que resultaron en productos terapéuticos, diversas estrategias/técnicas disponibles actualmente para el diagnóstico y vacunas profilácticas destinadas a esta patología. Materiales y Métodos: se realizó una búsqueda en MEDLINE/Pubmed y otros buscadores, usando como palabras clave: COVID 19, SARS-CoV-2, coronavirus, vaccines, biopharmaceuticals, biotherapies, microbiota, y biomarkers. Resultados: en el trabajo se presentan y describen el desarrollo de tests diagnósticos, biofármacos, bioterapias con células madre distintas tecnologías y plataformas vacunales para COVID 19. Conclusiones: La biotecnología bioquímico-farmacéutica tiene una activa e importante participación en la Covid-19, a través de desarrollos que pueden prevenir, diagnosticar, tratar síntomas y disminuir la mortalidad de los pacientes.
Delitos contra el medio ambiente y la naturaleza en la protección de los derechos ambientales [Crimes against the environment and nature in the protection of environmental rights]
Authors: Menza-Ortega Eugenia Julissa , Chapi-Chenas Miguel Ángel , Santander-Moreno Jessica Johanna
Published: October 2024

La protección de los derechos ambientales en Ecuador ha adquirido una relevancia fundamental en el ámbito jurídico y constitucional. En función de lo anterior; se presenta como objetivo describir los delitos contra el medio ambiente y la naturaleza en la protección de los derechos ambientales. Se desarrolló a partir de una revisión sistemática y analítica de la literatura, se seleccionaron 25 fuentes clave, entre las cuales se incluyeron estudios de caso emblemáticos. Ecuador ha avanzado significativamente al reconocer a la naturaleza como sujeto de derechos en su constitución, un hito único a nivel global, pero su implementación práctica enfrenta serios desafíos. La explotación de recursos en áreas protegidas, como el Parque Nacional Yasuní, revela una tensión constante entre el desarrollo económico y la protección de los derechos ambientales e indígenas. Aunque la consulta previa es un derecho clave para los pueblos indígenas, su aplicación ha sido deficiente.
Tipificación de los delitos de biotecnología y genéticos en el código orgánico integral penal ecuatoriano [Typification of biotechnology and genetic crimes in the Ecuadorian comprehensive organic criminal code]
Authors: Montenegro-Altamirano Vanessa Lisseth , Portilla-Paguay Rene Estalin , Santander-Moreno Jessica Johanna
Published: October 2024

La regulación de los avances biotecnológicos y genéticos en Ecuador, desde una perspectiva del derecho penal, se enfrenta al reto de equilibrar el desarrollo científico y tecnológico con la protección de los derechos humanos. Se presenta como objetivo de la investigación analizar la tipificación de los delitos de biotecnología y genéticos en el código orgánico integral penal ecuatoriano. Se ha desarrollado bajo una metodología descriptiva con el análisis de 11 artículos académicos. La tipificación de los delitos relacionados con la biotecnología y la genética en el Código Orgánico Integral Penal de Ecuador refleja un marco legal que intenta equilibrar los avances científicos con la protección de los derechos humanos, la biodiversidad y el patrimonio genético del país. Si bien el COIP ya contempla la manipulación genética como un delito, aún persisten vacíos legales como la edición genética mediante CRISPR y el uso de tecnologías biotecnológicas en la agricultura.
Understanding Down Syndrome: A Systematic Review of Genetic, Clinical, and Cognitive Implications
Authors: Aluzeib Abdulmohsen Abdullah , Alshammari Sultan Nafea , Alshammari Sattm Ghadwi
Published: October 2024

Down syndrome (DS) is the most common chromosomal disorder, primarily caused by trisomy 21, and is associated with a range of genetic, clinical, and cognitive challenges. This systematic review aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of these aspects by synthesizing recent research on the genetic mechanisms underlying DS, its common clinical manifestations, and the cognitive impairments often observed in affected individuals. Genetic studies highlight the complexity of trisomy 21 and its impact on phenotypic variability. Clinically, DS is associated with distinct physical features, congenital heart defects, and a predisposition to conditions such as thyroid disorders and leukemia. Cognitive impairments, including intellectual disability and early-onset Alzheimer's disease, present significant challenges for individuals with DS, often requiring early intervention and lifelong support. Recent advancements in medical care, therapeutic interventions, and educational strategies have improved quality of life and life expectancy for individuals with DS. This review identifies gaps in the current literature, such as the need for more personalized therapeutic approaches based on genetic variability, and highlights areas for future research to further improve outcomes for individuals with Down syndrome.
The Intention to Use Innovative Compliance Application for Thai-Listed Companies
Authors: Chalermnon Pattarasupang , Vuthisopon Sujira , Saengnoree Amnuay , Deebhijarn Samart
Published: October 2024

This study explores the intention to use innovative compliance applications among Thai-listed companies, focusing on a novel technology introduced to companies listed on the Stock Exchange of Thailand (SET). The research employs the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) as its theoretical foundation, utilizing a quantitative approach. Data from 360 capital market law compliance officers in Thai public companies listed on the SET was analyzed using structural equation modeling.  The study identifies four key factors impacting user satisfaction and intention to use the application: perceived ease of use, perceived usefulness, trust, and innovation quality. Results reveal significant relationships between innovation quality, user satisfaction, trust, and the intention to use the application. Findings demonstrate the connection between TAM variables and technology adoption in the legal sector, particularly for capital market law compliance officers. Innovation quality, user satisfaction, and trust emerge as the most influential factors, in that order, affecting the intention to use the application. This research contributes to understanding user perceptions and intentions regarding compliance software, potentially guiding future developments in regulatory technology for Thai-listed companies.