bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Construction of integrated microRNA and mRNA immune cell signatures to predict survival of patients with breast and ovarian cancer
Authors: Ray Mondira , Ruffalo Matthew M. , Bar‐Joseph Ziv
Published: October 2018

In the tumor microenvironment, immune cells have emerged as key regulators of cancer progression. While much work has focused on characterizing tumor‐related immune cells through gene expression profiling, microRNAs (miRNAs) have also been reported to regulate immune cells in the tumor microenvironment. Using regression‐based computational methods, we have constructed for the first time, immune cell signatures based on miRNA expression from The Cancer Genome Atlas breast and ovarian cancer datasets. Combined with existing mRNA immune cell signatures, the integrated mRNA‐miRNA leukocyte signatures are better able to delineate prognostic immune cell subsets within both cancers compared to the mRNA or miRNA signatures alone. Moreover, using the miRNA signatures, the anti‐inflammatory M2 macrophages emerged as the most significantly prognostic cell type in the breast cancer data (HR [hazard ratio]: 12.9; CI [confidence interval]: 3.09‐52.9;P = 4.22E−4), whereas the pro‐inflammatory M1 macrophages emerged as the most prognostic immune cell type in the ovarian cancer data (HR: 0.2; CI: 0.04‐0.56,P = 5.02E−3). These results suggest that our integrated miRNA and mRNA leukocyte signatures could be used to better delineate prognostic leukocyte subsets within cancers, whereas continued investigation may further support the regulatory relationships predicted between the miRNAs and immune cells found within our signature matrices.
The temporal signature of self: Temporal measures of resting‐state EEG predict self‐consciousness
Authors: Wolff Annemarie , Di Giovanni Daniel A. , Gómez‐Pilar Javier , Nakao Takashi , Huang Zirui , Longtin André , Northoff Georg
Published: October 2018

The self is the core of our mental life. Previous investigations have demonstrated a strong neural overlap between self‐related activity and resting state activity. This suggests that information about self‐relatedness is encoded in our brain's spontaneous activity. The exact neuronal mechanisms of such “rest‐self containment,” however, remain unclear. The present EEG study investigated temporal measures of resting state EEG to relate them to self‐consciousness. This was obtained with the self‐consciousness scale (SCS) which measures Private, Public, and Social dimensions of self. We demonstrate positive correlations between Private self‐consciousness and three temporal measures of resting state activity: scale‐free activity as indexed by the power‐law exponent (PLE), the auto‐correlation window (ACW), and modulation index (MI). Specifically, higher PLE, longer ACW, and stronger MI were related to higher degrees of Private self‐consciousness. Finally, conducting eLORETA for spatial tomography, we found significant correlation of Private self‐consciousness with activity in cortical midline structures such as the perigenual anterior cingulate cortex and posterior cingulate cortex. These results were reinforced with a data‐driven analysis; a machine learning algorithm accurately predicted an individual as having a “high” or “low” Private self‐consciousness score based on these measures of the brain's spatiotemporal structure. In conclusion, our results demonstrate that Private self‐consciousness is related to the temporal structure of resting state activity as featured by temporal nestedness (PLE), temporal continuity (ACW), and temporal integration (MI). Our results support the hypothesis that self‐related information is temporally contained in the brain's resting state. “Rest‐self containment” can thus be featured by a temporal signature.
Ombitasvir/Paritaprevir/Ritonavir With or Without Dasabuvir and With or Without Ribavirin for Adolescents With HCV Genotype 1 or 4
Authors: Leung Daniel H. , Wirth Stefan , Yao Betty B. , Viani Rolando M. , Gonzalez‐Peralta Regino P. , Jonas Maureen M. , Lobritto Steven J. , Narkewicz Michael R. , Sokal Etienne , Fortuny Clàudia , Hsu Evelyn K. , Del Valle‐Segarra Antonio , Zha Jiuhong , Larsen Lois , Liu Li , Shuster Diana L. , Cohen Daniel E. , Rosenthal Philip
Published: October 2018

In adults, treatment of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection with ombitasvir (OBV)/paritaprevir (PTV)/ritonavir (r) with or without dasabuvir (DSV) and ±ribavirin (RBV) results in high rates of sustained virologic response (SVR). However, these regimens have not been investigated in adolescents. This ongoing, open‐label, phase 2/3 study evaluated the pharmacokinetics, safety, and efficacy of OBV/PTV/r+DSV±RBV treatment for 12 weeks in adolescents infected with HCV genotype (GT) 1 without cirrhosis (part 1) and the safety and efficacy of OBV/PTV/r±DSV±RBV treatment for 12 or 24 weeks in adolescents infected with GT1 or GT4 without cirrhosis or with compensated cirrhosis (parts 1 and 2). Patients were 12‐17 years of age and treatment naive or interferon experienced. Treatment regimens were based on HCV GT and cirrhosis status. Endpoints were SVR at posttreatment week 12 (SVR12), adverse events (AEs), and pharmacokinetic parameters. Thirty‐eight adolescents were enrolled, 66% were female patients, and 76% were White; 42%, 40%, and 18% of patients had HCV GT1a, GT1b, and GT4 infections, respectively. Median age was 15 years (range, 12‐17 years), and 1 patient had cirrhosis. The SVR12 rate was 100% (38/38; 95% confidence interval [CI], 90.8%‐100%). No treatment‐emergent grade 3 or 4 laboratory abnormalities were reported. No serious AEs occurred on treatment, and no AEs led to study drug discontinuation. The most common AEs were headache (21%), fatigue (18%), nasopharyngitis (13%), pruritus (13%), and upper respiratory tract infection (11%). Intensive pharmacokinetic results showed OBV, PTV, DSV, and ritonavir drug exposures were comparable to those seen in adults. Conclusion: Treatment with OBV/PTV/r±DSV±RBV was well tolerated and highly efficacious in adolescents with HCV GT1 or GT4 infection.
Use of Antiplatelet Agents Is Inversely Associated With Liver Fibrosis in Patients With Cardiovascular Disease
Authors: Schwarzkopf Katharina , Bojunga Joerg , Rüschenbaum Sabrina , Martinez Yolanda , Mücke Marcus M. , Seeger Florian , Schoelzel Fabian , Zeuzem Stefan , Friedrich‐Rust Mireen , Lange Christian M.
Published: October 2018

Platelets participate in the development of liver fibrosis in animal models, but little is known about the benefit of antiplatelet agents in preventing liver fibrosis in humans. We therefore explored the relationship between the use of antiplatelet agents and liver fibrosis in a prospective cohort study of patients at high risk of liver fibrosis and cardiovascular events. Consecutive patients undergoing elective coronary angiography at the University Hospital Frankfurt were prospectively included in the present study. Associations between use of antiplatelet agents (acetyl salicylic acid, P2Y12 receptor antagonists) and liver fibrosis were assessed in regression models, and the relationship between platelet‐derived growth factor beta (PDGF‐β) serum concentration, platelets, liver fibrosis, and use of antiplatelet agents was characterized. Out of 505 included patients, 337 (67%) received antiplatelet agents and 134 (27%) had liver fibrosis defined as a FibroScan transient elastography (TE) value ≥7.9 kPa. Use of antiplatelet agents was inversely associated with the presence of liver fibrosis in univariate and multivariate analyses (multivariate odds ratio [OR], 0.67; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.51‐0.89; P = 0.006). Use of antiplatelet agents was also inversely associated with FibroTest values (beta, –0.38; SD beta, 0.15; P = 0.02). Furthermore, there was a significant correlation between platelet counts and PDGF‐β serum concentration (rho, 0.33; P < 0.0001), but PDGF‐β serum levels were not affected by antiplatelet agents. Conclusion: There is a protective association between the use of antiplatelet agents and occurrence of liver fibrosis. A randomized controlled trial is needed to explore causality and the potential of antiplatelet agents as antifibrotic therapy in patients at risk for liver fibrosis progression.
Spatial object recognition memory formation under acute stress
Authors: Lopes da Cunha Pamela , Villar Maria Eugenia , Ballarini Fabricio , Tintorelli Ramiro , Ana María Viola Haydée
Published: October 2018

Stress is known to have a critical impact on memory processes. In the present work, we focus on the effects of an acute stress event closely associated to an unrelated learning task. Here, we show that acute stress (elevated platform [EP] session) experienced 1 hr after a weak spatial object recognition (SOR) training, which only induces a short‐term memory (STM), promoted the formation of SOR‐long term memory (SOR‐LTM) in rats. The effect induced by stress was dependent on the activation of glucocorticoid‐ and mineralocorticoid‐receptors, brain‐derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and protein synthesis in the dorsal hippocampus. In contrast, EP after a strong SOR impaired SOR‐LTM probably by interfering with the use of necessary resources. Moreover, we show that the EP session before training induced anterograde interference, which it was not reversed by a subsequent exposure to an open field. Our findings provide novel insights into the impact of stress on LTM formation in rodents and they are discussed under the behavioral analogue of the synaptic tagging and capture hypothesis.
Diffusion of advanced medical imaging technology, CT, and MRI scanners, in Iran: A qualitative study of determinants
Authors: Abedini Zahra , Sari Ali Akbari , Foroushani Abbas Rahimi , Jaafaripooyan Ebrahim
Published: October 2018

Background

Low‐income and middle‐income countries have a lot of problems in providing the financial, human, and capital resources for advanced medical imaging technologies (AMITs). Proper distribution of such expensive equipment might increase access to these services and enhance the quality and efficiency of health care. The present study aimed to identify the factors affecting the diffusion of AMITs including CT and MRI in Iran.

Methods

This is a qualitative research conducted in 2017. A number of purposively chosen policy makers and managers from Ministry of Health, medical universities, hospitals, health insurance, and vendor companies were approached for face‐to‐face and semistructured interviews. Data analysis was done using thematic analysis method.

Results

Three categories of influential factors were identified, including contextual, stakeholder related, and situational factors. With regards to the stakeholders, the ministry and physicians played the most important role in the diffusion process of the AMITs. Health insurance organizations and vendor companies played a minor role in distribution of the equipment. Application of political pressure by the authorities on the Ministry of Health to issue licenses for the acquisition of AMITs was taken as the most important factor and the greatest challenge in the diffusion of devices.

Conclusion

The results sought to assist health system authorities to manage diffusion of AMITs effectively and assign an equitable access to the expensive resources. The diffusion management together with utilization management could largely improve efficiency and cost containment. Medical technology diffusion management de facto needs policy instruments in both supply and demand sides.
Assessing performance of Taiwan hospitals using data envelopment analysis: In view of ownership
Authors: Hsiao Bo , Chen Li‐Hsueh , Wu Huei‐Ting
Published: October 2018

With rapid economic development in Taiwan, people have greater awareness of health care and are paying more attention to it. From the perspective of hospital management, the scale of hospitals and efficiency improvement are of concern to hospital managers. However, the extent of efficiency will differ between public and private hospitals due to their different ownership and goals. The study aims to evaluate the efficiency of public and private hospitals and to investigate the influence of ownership on efficiency of hospitals. The differences between hospitals can be understood by analyzing the features of the organization of hospitals and their geographic environment. In this way, hospitals with relatively low efficiency will be able to make improvements based on concrete evidence. By means of the two‐stage method, the efficiency scores of 182 hospitals in Taiwan are compared. In the first stage, the data envelopment analysis is applied to obtain the efficiency scores of hospitals. The results show that private hospitals are more efficient than public hospitals. In the second stage, Tobit regression is used to investigate the factors influencing efficiency obtained by the data envelopment analysis. The results indicate that there are differences between ownership in market competition and the average length of stay.
Modelling the sediment transport capacity of flows in steep nonerodible rills
Authors: Jiang Fangshi , Gao Pengyu , Si Xiaojing , Zhan Zhenzhi , Zhang Haidong , Lin Jinshi , Ji Xiang , Wang Ming Kuang , Huang Yanhe
Published: October 2018

A precise estimation of sediment transport capacity (Tc) is key to establishing process‐based erosion models. However, few data are available for estimating transport capacity on steep slopes and test materials sorted at high coarse grain values of >2 mm. Colluvial deposits with loose, coarse material and steep slopes make up the packed materials underlying the collapsing walls in benggang, which collapse due to hydraulic pressure and gravity. The objectives of this study were to investigate how flow discharge and slope steepness affect Tc and to examine relationships between Tc and flow velocity, shear stress, stream power, and unit stream power for colluvial deposits found on steep slopes. A nonerodible rill flume of 4 m long and 0.12 m wide was used. Slope steepness values ranged from 18% to 84%, and unit flow discharge values ranged from 0.56 × 10−3 to 4.44 × 10−3 m2 s−1. Tc increased as a power function with flow discharge and slope steepness with a Nash–Sutcliffe model efficiency (NSE) value of 0.99, and the effects of flow discharge were stronger than those of slope steepness. Tc was overestimated for a colluvial deposit when the equations of the ANSWERS, Zhang et al. and Wu et al. models were considered and when Tc exceeded 5 kg m−1 s−1, as the slope steepness used in our study was much higher than those used (<47%) in the other models. Regression analyses show that Tc can be predicted from linear equations of flow velocity, stream power, and unit stream power, and Tc can be fit to shear stress with power function equation. Flow velocity optimizes to predict Tc with NSE = 0.97, and stream power and shear stress can also be successfully related to Tc (NSE = 0.91 and NSE = 0.81, respectively); however, unit stream power performs poorly (NSE = 0.67). These results provide a basis for establishing process‐based erosion models on steep colluvial slopes.
PNPLA3 and TM6SF2 variants as risk factors of hepatocellular carcinoma across various etiologies and severity of underlying liver diseases
Authors: Yang Jie , Trépo Eric , Nahon Pierre , Cao Qian , Moreno Christophe , Letouzé Eric , Imbeaud Sandrine , Gustot Thierry , Deviere Jacques , Debette Stéphanie , Amouyel Philippe , Bioulac‐Sage Paulette , Calderaro Julien , Ganne‐Carrié Nathalie , Laurent Alexis , Blanc Jean Frédéric , Guyot Erwan , Sutton Angela , Ziol Marianne , Zucman‐Rossi Jessica , Nault Jean‐Charles
Published: October 2018

Few single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) have been reproducibly associated with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Our aim was to test the association between nine SNPs and HCC occurrence. SNPs in genes linked to HCC (DEPDC5, GRIK1, KIF1B, STAT4, MICA, DLC1, DDX18) or to liver damage (PNPLA3‐rs738409, TM6SF2‐rs58542926) in GWAS were genotyped in discovery cohorts including 1,020 HCC, 2,021 controls with chronic liver disease and 2,484 healthy individuals and replication was performed in prospective cohorts of cirrhotic patients with alcoholic liver disease (ALD, n = 249) and hepatitis C (n = 268). In the discovery cohort, PNPLA3 and TM6SF2 SNPs were associated with HCC (OR = 1.67 [CI95%:1.16–2.40], p = 0.005; OR = 1.45 [CI95%:1.08–1.94], p = 0.01) after adjustment for fibrosis, age, gender and etiology. In contrast, STAT4‐rs7574865 was associated with HCC only in HBV infected patients (p = 0.03) and the other tested SNP were not linked with HCC risk. PNPLA3 and TM6SF2 variants were independently associated with HCC in patients with ALD (OR = 3.91 [CI95%:2.52–6.06], p = 1.14E‐09; OR = 1.79 [CI95%:1.25–2.56], p = 0.001) but not with other etiologies. PNPLA3 SNP was also significantly associated with HCC developed on a nonfibrotic liver (OR = 2.19 [CI95%:1.22–3.92], p = 0.007). The association of PNPLA3 and TM6SF2 with HCC risk was confirmed in the prospective cohort with ALD. A genetic score including PNPLA3 and TM6SF2 minor alleles showed a progressive significant increased risk of HCC in ALD patients. In conclusion, PNPLA3‐rs738409 and TM6SF2‐rs58542926 are inherited risk variants of HCC development in patients with ALD in a dose dependent manner. The link between PNPLA3 and HCC on nonfibrotic liver suggests a direct role in liver carcinogenesis.
The impact of obesity and bariatric surgery on circulating and tissue biomarkers of endometrial cancer risk
Authors: MacKintosh Michelle L. , Derbyshire Abigail E. , McVey Rhona J. , Bolton James , Nickkho‐Amiry Mahshid , Higgins Catherine L. , Kamieniorz Martyna , Pemberton Philip W. , Kirmani Bilal H. , Ahmed Babur , Syed Akheel A. , Ammori Basil J. , Renehan Andrew G. , Kitchener Henry C. , Crosbie Emma J.
Published: October 2018

Obesity is the strongest risk factor for endometrial cancer (EC). To inform targeted screening and prevention strategies, we assessed the impact of obesity and subsequent bariatric surgery‐induced weight loss on endometrial morphology and molecular pathways implicated in endometrial carcinogenesis. Blood and endometrial tissue were obtained from women with class III–IV obesity (body mass index ≥40 and ≥50 kg/m2, respectively) immediately prior to gastric bypass or sleeve gastrectomy, and at two and 12 months’ follow up. The endometrium underwent pathological examination and immunohistochemistry was used to quantify proliferation (Ki‐67), oncogenic signaling (PTEN, pAKT, pERK) and hormone receptor (ER, PR) expression status. Circulating biomarkers of insulin resistance, reproductive function and inflammation were also measured at each time point. Seventy‐two women underwent bariatric surgery. At 12 months, the mean change in total and excess body weight was −32.7 and −62.8%, respectively. Baseline endometrial biopsies revealed neoplastic change in 10 women (14%): four had EC, six had atypical hyperplasia (AH). After bariatric surgery, most cases of AH resolved (5/6) without intervention (3/6) or with intrauterine progestin (2/6). Biomarkers of endometrial proliferation (Ki‐67), oncogenic signaling (pAKT) and hormone receptor status (ER, PR) were significantly reduced, with restoration of glandular PTEN expression, at 2 and 12 months. There were reductions in circulating biomarkers of insulin resistance (HbA1c, HOMA‐IR) and inflammation (hsCRP, IL‐6), and increases in reproductive biomarkers (LH, FSH, SHBG). We found an unexpectedly high prevalence of occult neoplastic changes in the endometrium of women undergoing bariatric surgery. Their spontaneous reversal and accompanying down‐regulation of PI3K‐AKT–mTOR signaling with weight loss may have implications for screening, prevention and treatment of this disease.
Therapeutic activity of DCC‐2036, a novel tyrosine kinase inhibitor, against triple‐negative breast cancer patient‐derived xenografts by targeting AXL/MET
Authors: Shen Yingying , Zhang Wei , Liu Jianghua , He Jun , Cao Renxian , Chen Xiguang , Peng Xiuda , Xu Haifan , Zhao Qiang , Zhong Jing , Ding Wenjun , Lei Xiaoyong , Jiang Yuyang , Zu Xuyu
Published: October 2018

Triple‐negative breast cancer (TNBC) is insensitive to endocrine therapies and targeted therapies to human epidermal growth factor receptor‐2 (HER2), estrogen receptor (ER) and progesterone receptor (PR). New targets and new targeted therapeutic drugs for TNBC are desperately needed. Our study confirmed that DCC‐2036 inhibited the proliferation, invasion, migration and epithelial‐mesenchymal transition (EMT) of TNBC cells as well as induced apoptosis. Moreover, the antiproliferative activity of DCC‐2036 was more efficient than that of most clinical drugs. In addition, the combination of DCC‐2036 and cisplatin or lapatinib had synergistic effects on TNBC cells. Mechanistically, DCC‐2036 targeted AXL/MET, especially AXL, and regulated the downstream PI3K/Akt‐NFκB signaling to exert its antitumor effect in TNBC. DCC‐2036 also inhibited the growth and metastasis of xenografted MDA‐MB‐231 cells (AXL/MET‐high TNBC cells) but not MDA‐MB‐468 cells (AXL‐low TNBC cells) in NSG mice in vivo. Furthermore, DCC‐2036 significantly inhibited tumor growth and invasion of AXL/MET‐high TNBC PDX tumors but not AXL/MET‐low TNBC PDX tumors. These results highlighted the roles of AXL/MET in cancer growth and metastasis and further verified that the critical targets of DCC‐2036 are AXL and MET, especially AXL. In addition, there was no significant toxicity of DCC‐2036 even at a high dosage. Therefore, DCC‐2036 may be a potential compound to treat TNBC, especially for tumors with AXL/MET overexpression.
The determinants of profitability of Indian commercial banks: A panel data approach
Authors: Almaqtari Faozi A. , Al‐Homaidi Eissa A. , Tabash Mosab I. , Farhan Najib H.
Published: October 2018

The current study examines the determinants of profitability of Indian commercial banks. The analysis is conducted over a period of 10 years in which the Indian banking sector has gone under different changes such as demonetization and issues related to banking sector sustainability and banking sector frauds. The analysis is based on balanced panel data over a period ranging from 2008 to 2017 for 69 commercial Indian banks. Profitability of Indian banks is measured by two proxies, namely, return on assets (ROA) and return on equity (ROE), whereas bank size, assets quality, capital adequacy, liquidity, operating efficiency, deposits, leverage, assets management, and the number of branches are used as bank‐specific factors. Further, a set of macroeconomic determinants such as gross domestic product, inflation rate, interest rate, exchange rate, financial crisis, and demonetization are used as independent variables.

Stationary test along with pooled, fixed, random effect models and panel correction standard error are used in this study. The results revealed that bank size, the number of branches, assets management ratio, operational efficiency, and leverage ratio are the most important bank‐specific determinants that affect the profitability of Indian commercial banks as measured by ROA. Furthermore, among the bank‐specific determinants, the results revealed that bank size, assets management ratio, assets quality ratio, and liquidity ratio are found to have a significant positive impact on ROE. With regard to the macroeconomic determinants, the results revealed that the inflation rate, exchange rate, the interest rate, and demonization are found to have a significant impact on ROA. However, in the case of ROE, the results show that all macroeconomic determinants except demonization have a significant impact on the bank's profitability as measured by ROE.
A simple mathematical programming model for countries' credit ranking problem
Authors: Niroomand Sadegh , Mirzaei Nima , Hadi‐Vencheh Abdollah
Published: October 2018

This study proposes a new mathematical model that ranks the countries according to their investments. The proposed model compares countries based on specified factors and gives a score for each country. To set out the factors, after investigating on quite a lot of related studies, several macroeconomic factors are gathered, and the most important ones are selected for further investigation. An important advantage of the proposed model is that it can be solved manually by managers, investors, or researchers without a need for any professional optimization solver software. The key factor in this research is developing a mathematical model that ranks any set of countries rather than rating them. At the end of pair comparison, countries are ranked from higher to lower scores from the economical point of view. In addition, the accuracy of the obtained result is validated by comparing them with Moody's rating system (August 2016) using Jaccard similarity index. The results of the proposed are compared with multiple criteria decision‐making techniques as well.
An unusual presentation of rectal carcinoma with group G streptococcal sepsis in the early third trimester
Authors: Evans Rhiannon , Lin Sylvia
Published: October 2018

We report a case of atypical presentation of advanced colorectal cancer with maternal group G streptococcal bacterial sepsis in the early third trimester.
Disentangling the contributions of maternal and fetal factors to estimate stillbirth risks for intrapartum adverse events in Tanzania and Uganda
Authors: Hirose Atsumi , Alwy Fadhlun , Atuhairwe Susan , Morris Jessica L. , Pembe Andrea B. , Kaharuza Frank , Marrone Gaetano , Hanson Claudia
Published: October 2018

Objective

To estimate the stillbirth risk associated with intrapartum adverse events, controlling for fetal and maternal factors.

Methods

The present study was an analysis of cross‐sectional patient‐record and facility‐file data from women with viable fetuses who experienced obstetric adverse events at 23 hospitals and 38 health centers in Tanzania (between December 2015 and October 2016), and 22 hospitals, 16 level‐4 health centers, and five level‐3 health centers in Uganda (between May 2016 and September 2017). Adverse events were categorized in three severity groups (postpartum, intrapartum non‐near‐miss, and intrapartum near‐miss) to calculate stillbirth rates and adjusted prevalence ratios.

Results

Data from 3816 women in Tanzania and 8305 in Uganda were included. Compared with postpartum adverse events, intrapartum near‐miss was associated with a 3.73‐ and 4.55‐fold higher prevalence of stillbirth in Uganda and Tanzania, respectively. Most women who experienced near‐miss had organ dysfunction on arrival or developed it soon after. The risk of stillbirth was higher among preterm deliveries compared with term deliveries, and was 42% and 59% lower in Tanzania and Uganda, respectively, for cesarean deliveries compared with vaginal deliveries after intrapartum non‐near‐miss adverse events.

Conclusion

Stillbirth risk increased with severity of complications and was higher among premature deliveries. Survival was higher for cesarean deliveries in intrapartum non‐near‐miss complications, identifying the opportunity to prevent deterioration by timely actions.
Sadder but wiser: Emotional reactions and wisdom in a simulated suicide intervention
Authors: Hu Chao S. , Huang Jinhao , Ferrari Michel , Wang Qiandong , Xie Dong , Zhang Haotian
Published: October 2018

Scholars within the Berlin paradigm have analysed participants' responses to a hypothetical vignette about a friend's suicide ideation. However, no study has yet focused on participants' emotional reactions to this scenario, an important aspect of wisdom performance. We conducted a Thin‐Slice Wisdom study where participants were asked to give advice to a hypothetical friend contemplating suicide. We analysed their emotional profiles using facial expression analysis software (FACET2.1 and FACEREADER7.1). Participants' verbal responses were also transcribed and then scored by 10 raters using the Berlin criteria. Results revealed that the sadder the participants felt, the wiser their performance. Wiser participants may have been better at exploring this sad, but true, existential human dilemma.
ICTs and development in developing countries: A systematic review of reviews
Authors: Lwoga Edda Tandi , Sangeda Raphael Zozimus
Published: October 2018

This systematic review of reviews aimed to explore the contribution of information and communication technologies (ICTs) for development in developing countries. This systematic review of reviews determines and summarizes ICTD research trends, and methodologies and conceptual frameworks used in ICTD research discuss the findings and evidence and then suggest approaches for further research. We reviewed existing systematic reviews published on ICT and development between January 1990 and July 2017. The review of reviews shows that a growing number of ICTD research works have used qualitative research approaches for data collection and analysis. We note several attempts to develop and apply models/frameworks over explanatory and predictive theories, most notably in the area of social, sociotechnical, and technical. Nevertheless, there is limited evidence on the long‐term contribution of ICT use on livelihoods, patterns of economic inequality, human freedom, and well‐being in developing countries. This review of reviews synthesizes existing systematic reviews on the contribution of ICT for development than was previously available for developing countries. This review has the potential for several stakeholders, including the public and private sector, intermediaries, and nonprofit organizations, to utilize the accumulated evidence from selected systematic reviews to enable/improve the appropriate and sustainable use of ICTs for development.
An in vitro and in vivo study of the role of long non‐coding RNA‐HOST2 in the proliferation, migration, and invasion of human glioma cells
Authors: Wang Qi , Zhuang Zhong‐Wei , Cheng Yi‐Ming , Ma Ji‐Qiang , Xu Shi‐Yi , Zhong Chun‐Long , Zhang Kui‐Ming
Published: October 2018

Gliomas are the most commonly occurring primary malignant brain tumors in the central nervous system of adults. They are rarely curable and the prognosis for high grade gliomas is generally poor. Recently, long non‐coding RNA (lncRNA) human ovarian cancer‐specific transcript 2 (HOST2) has been reported to be expressed at high levels in human ovarian cancer, involving tumorigenesis. However, little is still known about whether and how HOST2 regulates glioma development and progression. Therefore, this study aims to investigate the role of HOST2 in human glioma cells. Reverse transcription quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction (RT‐qPCR) was used to determine the expression of lncRNA HOST2, let‐7b, and PBX3 in human glioma cells. Cultured human glioma cells were treated with siRNA (si)‐lncRNA HOST2, let‐7b mimic, si‐lncRNA HOST2 + let‐7b inhibitor, and si‐PBX3. Parameters including cell viability, colony formation, cell migration, and cell invasion were detected by cell counting kit‐8 assay, colony formation assay, scratch test, and Transwell assay respectively to determine the effects of down‐regulated HOST2 on glioma cells. Tumor formation in nude mice was evaluated by subcutaneous tumor formation experiment. Results showed that HOST2 and PBX3 were highly expressed in glioma tissue whereas let‐7b was expressed at much lower levels. In response to treatment with si‐lncRNA HOST2, si‐PBX3, and let‐7b mimic, glioma cell lines exhibited decreased cell viability, suppressed cell migration, invasion, and reduced colony formation of glioma cells. This was accompanied by an attenuated tumor formation with smaller volume and weight in nude mice, suggesting that down‐regulated HOST2 could inhibit the tumorigenicity of glioma cells. Lastly, we found that lncRNA HOST2 was highly expressed in glioma tissues and its down‐regulation could inhibit the growth and invasion of glioma cells. © 2018 IUBMB Life, 71(1):93–104, 2019
Decreasing influence of arbitrarily applicable verbal relations of recreational gamblers: A randomized controlled trial
Authors: Belisle Jordan , Paliliunas Dana , Dixon Mark R. , Speelman Ryan C.
Published: October 2018

Twenty‐one recreational gamblers were randomly assigned to two groups; one group was exposed to a conditional discrimination relational training task to bias choice allocation to a black machine presented concurrently with a red machine, and the other group underwent the same relational training task immediately followed by a defusion procedure, designed to expand upon the relations developed in the initial relational task. Both groups completed a simulated slot‐machine task before and after the relational training task, with or without the defusion procedure. Results showed that 9 of 11 participants in the relational training only group showed an increased bias toward the black machine, compared to only 4 of 10 in the relational training plus defusion group; this latter group also showed greater matched responding. Results suggest that expanding verbal–relational networks may reduce the influence of any single verbal relation on gambling choice behavior.
Identifying patients likely to be referred for a clinical pharmacist intervention in a family medicine residency‐training clinic
Authors: Vande Griend Joseph P. , Saseen Joseph J. , Sullivan Katherine J. , Anderson Heather D.
Published: October 2018

Introduction

Little is known about patient populations within family medicine residency‐training clinics that should be targeted for clinical pharmacy interventions. The objective of this study was to identify patient characteristics associated with receiving an intervention by a clinical pharmacist.

Methods

This retrospective cohort study included 4870 patients aged 40 to 89 years with at least one office visit at the University of Colorado AF Williams Family Medicine clinic from August 1, 2014 to July 31, 2015. Electronic health record data were used to examine associations between 23 previously identified patient‐specific elements and receipt of a clinical pharmacist intervention. Presence of a clinical pharmacist consultation note in the patient's record in the past 12 months was evidence of an intervention. Multivariable logistic regression was used to estimate adjusted odds ratios.

Results

Four percent (n = 182) of patients received at least one clinical pharmacist intervention. Multivariable logistic regression indicated that ≥10 active medications, A1c ≥ 9%, hypertension, depression/anxiety/panic disorder, asthma, indication for anticoagulant therapy, hospitalization/emergency department visit in the last 30 days, age ≥ 65, and Medicaid/uninsured increased the likelihood of receiving a clinical pharmacist intervention, while non‐English speaking significantly decreased the likelihood of receiving a clinical pharmacist intervention. Patients with 7 or more elements were seven times more likely to have a clinical pharmacist intervention than patients with 6 or fewer items (odds ratio = 7.0, 95% confidence interval = 5.2‐9.5).

Conclusions

Patients with more elements were more likely to have received a clinical pharmacist intervention. The accumulation of these elements could be used for targeted population‐based clinical pharmacist activities in residency training clinics.
Toxicity of iron oxide nanoparticles: Size and coating effects
Authors: Abakumov Maxim A. , Semkina Alevtina S. , Skorikov Alexander S. , Vishnevskiy Daniil A. , Ivanova Anna V. , Mironova Elena , Davydova Galina A. , Majouga Alexander G. , Chekhonin Vladimir P.
Published: October 2018

Toxicological research of novel nanomaterials is a major developmental step of their clinical approval. Since iron oxide magnetic nanoparticles have a great potential in cancer treatment and diagnostics, the investigation of their toxic properties is very topical. In this paper we synthesized bovine serum albumin‐coated iron oxide nanoparticles with different sizes and their polyethylene glycol derivative. To prove high biocompatibility of obtained nanoparticles the number of in vitro toxicological tests on human fibroblasts and U251 glioblastoma cells was performed. It was shown that albumin nanoparticles’ coating provides a stable and biocompatible shell and prevents cytotoxicity of magnetite core. On long exposure times (48 hours), cytotoxicity of iron oxide nanoparticles takes place due to free radical production, but this toxic effect may be neutralized by using polyethylene glycol modification.
Autophagy inhibition‐enhanced assembly of the NLRP3 inflammasome is associated with cisplatin‐induced acute injury to the liver and kidneys in rats
Authors: Qu Xiaoyu , Gao Huan , Tao Lina , Zhang Yueming , Zhai Jinghui , Song Yanqing , Zhang Sixi
Published: October 2018

The nucleotide‐binding oligomerization domain‐like receptor family, pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome has a key role in the inflammatory response. We found that cisplatin (7.5, 15 mg/kg, IV) could induce acute injury to the liver and kidneys of rats. Western blot and immunohistochemical analyses showed that expression of NLRP3, caspase‐1 and interleukin‐1β was upregulated significantly in a dose‐dependent manner after cisplatin exposure. Autophagy could inhibit NLRP3 expression and assembly of the NLRP3 inflammasome. Expression of light chain 3 II/I and p62 suggested that autophagy was inhibited during injury to the liver and kidneys. These data suggested that cisplatin might activate NLRP3 by inhibiting autophagy in the liver and kidneys of rats.
Thymoquinone attenuates lead‐induced nephropathy in rats
Authors: Mabrouk Aymen
Published: October 2018

Kidney hazards from lead (Pb) exposure are one of the fastest growing areas of concern in toxicology today. The thymoquinone (TQ) renoprotective effect against Pb‐induced nephropathy has not previously been studied. Therefore, adult male Wistar rats were treated with Pb (2000 ppm of Pb acetate in drinking water) and/or TQ (5 mg/kg/day, 
per os). All treatments were applied for 5 weeks. The results indicated that Pb exposure produced metal deposition, histopathological changes, functional impairment (significant elevation in plasma urea, uric acid, and creatinine levels), total antioxidant status decrease, and lipid peroxidation stimulation in the kidneys. Interestingly, TQ supplementation remarkably improved the Pb‐induced renal adverse effects without significantly reducing the tissue metal accumulation. In conclusion, our data indicate for the first time a protective effect of TQ against Pb‐induced nephropathy, most likely through an antioxidant mechanism. On this basis, TQ deserves more consideration and further examination as a potential therapeutic option.
Release of nitric oxide from nitrated fatty acids: Insights from computational chemistry
Authors: Su Yi‐Hsin , Wu Shih‐Sheng , Hu Ching‐Han
Published: October 2018

Nitrated fatty acids (NO2‐FAs) exhibit a variety of important biological attributes, including a nitric oxide (˙NO) donor and a cell‐signaling molecule. We investigated the mechanisms of fatty‐acid nitration, and the release of ˙NO from NO2‐FAs. NO2‐FAs are formed effectively by the addition of ˙NO2, followed by either hydrogen abstraction or addition of a second NO2. The latter reaction results in a vicinal nitronitrite ester form of FA, which isomerizes into vicinal nitrohydroxy FA via hydronium ion catalysis. The nitrohydroxy FAs exist in equilibria with NO2‐FAs. Nitration of conjugated linoleic acid (cLA) was proved to be significantly more efficient than that of LA. In a nonaqueous environment, release of ˙NO from nitrite ester (ONO‐FA) was facilitated by ˙NO2. Furthermore, the release of ˙NO from NO2‐cLA is the most favorable in the nitrite ester mechanism. In an aqueous environment, the modified Nef reaction was shown to be feasible. In addition, the release of ˙NO from 10‐ and 12‐NO2‐LA involves a larger reaction barrier and is more endergonic than those from 9‐ and 13‐NO2‐LA.
Performance evaluation of five commercial assays for detection of acetaminophen
Authors: Chan Bao‐Yum , Tsang Hing‐Man , Ng Candy Wai‐Yan , Ling William Hin‐Wing , Leung Daniel Cheuk‐Wa , Lee Hencher Han‐Chih , Mak Chloe Miu
Published: October 2018

Background

To evaluate the analytical performance of five commercial acetaminophen assays and select the best method for routine use.

Methods

Imprecision, accuracy, linearity, and interferences of three enzymatic assays (Beckman Coulter AU Paracetamol, Abbott MULTIGENT Acetaminophen, and Sekisui Acetaminophen L3K) and two immunoassay‐based assays (Beckman Coulter SYNCHRON ACTM (Acetaminophen) Reagent and Siemens SYVA Emit‐tox Acetaminophen) were evaluated on a Beckman Coulter AU680 chemistry analyzer. Hook effect for immunoassay‐based assays and recovery in ultrafiltrate for enzymatic methods were studied.

Results

Within‐run and between‐run imprecision of the enzymatic assays ranged 0.26%‐0.82% and 0.53%‐2.86%, respectively, while that for the immunoassay‐based methods ranged 0.96%‐6.34% and 1.50%‐11.33%, respectively. All assays except the SYNCHRON assay fell within the program analytical performance specifications (±20 µmol/L or 10%) for external quality assurance (EQA) samples, with the highest positive bias (31.7%) observed in the SYNCHRON assay. Icteric interference was demonstrated most significantly in the Abbott assay (up to 88 μmol/L positive bias in blank serum). The lipemic interference on the SYNCHRON was significant (up to 110% positive bias at level of 100 μmol/L). The immunoassay‐based methods were less susceptible to hemolytic interference, while the Abbott and AU assays were more susceptible to N‐acetylcysteine interference. Both immunoassay‐based methods showed no hook effect up to 18 000 μmol/L. Ultrafiltration recoveries for enzymatic methods were satisfactory, ranging from 80.0% ± 5.1% to 89.5% ± 3.0%.

Conclusions

Proportional bias was observed in the SYNCHRON assay, while the Siemens and Sekisui assays were minimally affected by bilirubin interferences.
Pilot evaluation of a targeted intervention for peer‐victimized youth
Authors: Fite Paula J. , Cooley John L. , Poquiz Jonathan , Williford Anne
Published: October 2018

Objective

Due to the limited effectiveness of extant prevention and intervention strategies, the current study is an initial evaluation of a cognitive behavioral group intervention, originally designed to treat symptoms of depression and anxiety, for youth who experienced peer victimization.

Methods

Twelve third‐ through fifth‐grade youth participated in the intervention, and their data were compared with 12 youth who were a part of a naturalistic control group. Additionally, school‐wide data are reported to provide overall school trends.

Results

Whereas the intervention group participants exhibited decreases in relational victimization, depressive symptoms, and passive coping, the control group participants exhibited nonsignificant increases in relational victimization, depressive symptoms, and passive coping. School‐wide data also indicated overall increases in relational victimization and depressive symptoms, but no changes in passive coping.

Conclusion

Findings suggest that cognitive behavioral group interventions may provide a promising avenue for addressing the mental health needs of victimized elementary school‐age youth.
Convergence between Rorschach and self‐report: A new look at some old questions
Authors: Morey Leslie C. , McCredie Morgan N.
Published: October 2018

Objective

This study presents an examination of the influence of response format on convergence between performance‐based and self‐report assessments of similar mental health constructs, to determine if such method variance might account for prior findings of lack of relationship.

Methods

An online sample of 455 participants (57% male; average age, 35.5) completed a multiple‐choice version of the Rorschach and two self‐report instruments, the Personality Assessment Inventory (PAI) and the International Personality Item Pool (IPIP) representation of the domain traits of the five‐factor model (FFM).

Results

Several significant interrelationships emerged between the Rorschach Amplified Multiple Choice Test and the PAI and IPIP five‐factor scales.

Conclusions

These findings suggest that the Rorschach can correlate meaningfully with similar constructs assessed using self‐report methodology when comparable response formats are utilized.
Impact of hydraulic retention time and current on the microbial community and denitrification genes in a continuous‐flow biofilm electrode reactor
Authors: Zhai Siyuan , Ji Min , Pavlostathis Spyros G , Zhao Yingxin
Published: October 2018

BACKGROUND

A biofilm‐electrode reactor (BER) was developed on the basis of hydrogenotrophic denitrification. The BER can be strengthened by adding organic matter, and the nitrate removal will be enhanced by a combination of heterotrophic and autotrophic denitrification. Denitrification in a biological system can be affected by operating parameters, and the microbial community and functional genes can be changed at the same time. In this study, the effect of hydraulic retention time (HRT) and current on the denitrification of a low chemical oxygen demand to nitrogen ratio (COD/N), saline wastewater in a continuous‐flow BER was evaluated and compared to a conventional biofilm reactor (BR).

RESULTS

The highest extent of nitrate removal was obtained at the optimum HRT (8 h) and current (10 mA). Low levels of ammonia (0.5–4 mg L−1), produced through dissimilatory nitrate reduction to ammonia (DNRA), were observed. Quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction analysis revealed that the proportion of nirS‐type denitrifiers (3.75–8.30%) exceeded nirK‐type denitrifiers (0.24–0.90%) in both BR and BER. The genera of T78, Paracoccus and Azoarcus were identified as the dominant denitrifying bacteria in the BER. The cooperative activity of nitrate, nitrite and nitrous oxide reductase is necessary to reduce nitrate to dinitrogen in the denitrification process. The highest ratio of nosZ/nir genes in the bacterial community was 0.25 when the applied current was 10 mA.

CONCLUSION

Compared to other denitrification reactors, the BER is more effective to treat low‐COD/N, saline wastewater with short HRT and low current. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry
Sonographic diagnosis of coexisting ectopic thyroid and fourth branchial cleft cyst
Authors: Oh Jeong Hee , Chang Yun Woo , Lee Eun Ji
Published: October 2018

Ectopic thyroid and fourth branchial cleft anomaly are rare congenital anomalies of the neck. This is a case report of the coexistence of these two rare congenital anomalies in a 1‐year‐old girl. She had ectopic lingual thyroid and asymptomatic abscess in the fourth branchial cleft cyst, which was found in ultrasonography carried out to evaluate congenital hypothyroidism. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first reported case of ectopic thyroid coexisting with fourth branchial cleft anomaly in the same patient.