bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Is Intraoperative Fluoroscopy Necessary for Central Venous Port System Placement in Children?
Authors: Barrena S. , Triana Junco Paloma , Sánchez Galán Alba , Jimenez Gomez Javier , Martinez Leopoldo , Dore Mariela
Published: November 2018

Introduction Central venous port (CVP) placement is traditionally performed under fluoroscopy guidance. However, efforts for radiation dose reduction in children have allowed the introduction of ultrasound guidance (USG) and anatomic landmarks as an alternative technique for CVP placement. The aim of this study is to determine whether intraoperative fluoroscopy (IF) is required to confirm the correct position of the catheter tip in children.

Patients and Methods A prospective, single-center study was performed between July and December 2017. Standard venous access site was the right internal jugular vein under USG. Estimated catheter length (ECL) was measured using anatomic landmarks. Ideal catheter length (ICL) was measured after placement under fluoroscopy guidance in the same patient. Age, sex, radiation dose, and complications were also analyzed. A t-test for paired samples and intraclass correlation coefficient were performed to analyze results.

Results A total of 30 consecutive patients aged 7 ± 2 years underwent CVP placement. The mean ECL was 17.1 ± 1.8 cm, while the mean ICL was 17.7 ± 1.8 cm. The mean difference between measurements was 0.28 cm (95% confidence interval [CI], –0.29 to 0.86; p = 0.324). Intraclass correlation coefficient analysis showed an agreement of 0.95 (95% CI, 0.91–0.98) between measurements. Mean radiation exposure during the procedure was 1.060.78 mGym2 during 0.34 ± 0.6 minutes. There were no complications registered during CVP placement.

Conclusion The correlation between IF and USG and anatomically guided catheter tip placement is optimal. These results suggest that fluoroscopy and the radiation exposure it entails can be safely avoided in selected children.
Diabetes and poverty: A primer for resource poor countries
Authors: Shaikh Altamash , Kumar K. V. S
Published: November 2018

Diabetes mellitus is assuming pandemic proportions and is affecting both the developed and developing countries. India and China are the two most populous countries in the world that account for one-sixth of the world population. The prevalence of diabetes is also very common in these two countries next to that of the United States of America. The unique characteristics of diabetes in Southeast Asians include low body weight, high visceral fat, and also the increased insulin resistance. The developing nations have to grapple with the dual burden of the nutrient deficiency and excess states. The resources allocated for the health are often scarce and have to be utilized optimally in these places. The course and complications of diabetes also differ between the developed and developing nations. In this review, we describe the unique characteristics of diabetes in poor countries and also suggest certain remedial measures to improve the same.
The barriers and challenges toward addressing the social and cultural factors influencing diabetes self-management in Indian populations
Authors: Basu Saurav , Garg Suneela
Published: November 2018

Patient adherence to recommended diabetes self-care practices reduces the risk of diabetic complications. However, most clinic-based approaches have proved inadequate in maintaining optimal diabetic self-management and the prevention of undesirable health outcomes at the population level among disadvantaged populations. Several sociocultural factors influence patient adherence to diabetic self-care practices which should be recognized and addressed by the health-care provider, especially in lower socioeconomic status and women patients. The lack of physician empathy and tendency to assign blame upon diabetic patients for the failure of adherence without recognizing the complex sociocultural factors influencing patient behavior can undermine the possibilities for better management. The enlistment of familial support when available is valuable for improving medical adherence and health outcomes in vulnerable diabetic patients with low health literacy. Young unmarried women with diabetes are particularly at risk of diabetes stigma eroding familial support and marital prospects require need effective health communication along with their family. Moreover, women with diabetes have a greater likelihood of compromising their dietary needs for the sake of their familial dietary preferences. The inability of patients to comply with recommended exercise regimen may be derived from environmental factors; primarily unsafe neighborhoods, lack of availability of nearby recreational facilities such as public parks, and cultural resistance in patriarchal social environments. Policy approaches for improving diabetes management in disadvantaged diabetic populations should consider mandatory registration, assured diabetic medication, and follow-up in case of missed appointments. Community mobilization for overcoming societal stigma against women with diabetes also persists as a formidable challenge.
Would employment-based healthsavings accounts help Medicare?
Authors: Hindle Don , McAuley Ian
Published: November 2018

This paper was stimulated by the Editorial of Dr Vince FitzGerald in the last issue of AHR on health aspectsof a comprehensive retirement policy (FitzGerald 2000). His main arguments were that increased retirementsavings are desirable, that there should be savings specifically for health care, and that the health savings shouldbe a mix of pooled and individual savings. He justified savings mainly on the grounds of economic prudenceand equity for our children.
Innovations in medical education to meetworkforce challenges
Authors: Medical Workforce Advisory Committee (AMWAC) Australian
Published: November 2018

The winds of change world-wide have swept medical education in the last fifteen years. Today, Australia's medicalstudents are older and drawn from more diverse socio-economic, ethnic and geographic backgrounds than twenty yearsago, and there is now an equal mix of men and women in medical school. Admission policies have been rewritten tobroaden access with a range of entry options now available including direct entry from high school and graduate entryfollowing a first degree. Curricula have been revised and modes of learning transformed. This paper describes thesechanges and discusses the implications for medical schools and for planning the future workforce.
Hospital outpatient and emergencyservices in rural Victoria
Authors: Duckett Stephen , Kenny Amanda
Published: November 2018

Outpatient and emergency services in rural hospitals have rarely been studied. This paper analyses routinely collecteddata, together with data from a survey of hospitals, to provide a picture of these services in Victorian public hospitals.The larger rural hospitals provide the bulk of rural outpatients and emergency services, particularly so for medicaloutpatients. Cost per service varies with the size of the hospital, possibly reflecting differences in complexity. Fundingpolicies for rural hospital outpatient and emergency services should be sufficiently flexible to take into account thedifferences between rural hospitals.
The National Demonstration Hospitals Program
Authors: Alexander Amanda
Published: November 2018

Fifty-five public hospitals in all Australian States and Territories participated in the first two phases of NationalDemonstration Hospitals Program (NDHP). The program was established in 1994 as part of a commitment by thethen Department of Health and Family Services to reduce waiting times and improve health outcomes for patients.The program uses a collaborative approach to assist public hospitals to improve service delivery and patient careoutcomes. Key results from Phases 1 and 2 of the NDHP have confirmed that identification of industry best practice,collaboration, knowledge sharing and innovation are key elements required to achieve positive health care reforms.
Mentoring for population health in general practice divisions
Authors: Moss John R , Mickan Sharon M , Fuller Jeffrey D , Procter Nicholas G , Waters Barb A , O'Rourke Peter K
Published: November 2018

This paper describes the implementation and
evaluation of a three-way model of service development
mentoring. This population health mentoring
program was funded by the Commonwealth
Department of Health and Ageing to enable staff
from eight Divisions of General Practice in South
Australia to gain a sound understanding of population
health concepts relevant to their workplace.
The distinguishing features of service development
mentoring were that the learning was
grounded within an individual?s work setting and
experience; there was an identified population
health problem or issue confronting the Division of
General Practice; and there was an expectation of
enhanced organisational performance. A formal
evaluation found a consensus among all learners
that mentoring was a positive and worthwhile
experience, where they had achieved what they
had set out to do. Mentors found the model of
learning agreeable and effective. Division executive
officers recognised enhanced skills among
their ?learner? colleagues, and commented positively
on the benefits to their organisations through
the development of well researched and relevant
projects, with the potential to improve the efficiency of their population health activities.
A reassessment of the petroleum systems in the offshore northern Perth Basin
Authors: Grosjean Emmanuelle , Boreham Chris , Jones Andrew , Jorgensen Diane , Kennard John
Published: November 2018

The discovery of commercial oil in the Cliff Head-1 well in 2001 set an important milestone in the exploration history of the offshore northern Perth Basin. The region had been less explored before then, partly due to the perception that the main source of onshore petroleum accumulations, the Late Permian-Early Triassic Hovea Member, had only marginal potential offshore. The typing of the Cliff Head oil to the Hovea Member provided evidence that the key onshore petroleum system extends offshore and has revitalised exploration with 13 new field wildcat wells drilled since 2002.
A reassessment of the hydrocarbon generative potential in the offshore northern Perth Basin confirms the widespread occurrence of good to excellent oil-prone Hovea Member source rocks in the Beagle Ridge and Abrolhos Sub-basin. The Early Permian Irwin River Sequence and several Jurassic Sequences are also recognised as prime potential source rocks offshore, mostly for their gas-generative potential. The unique hydrocarbon assemblages exhibited by the Hovea Member extracts are shared by the oils recovered from Permian reservoirs in the offshore Cliff Head-3 and Dunsborough-1 wells, indicating the Hovea Member as the primary source charging these accumulations.
Geochemical correlation of oil stains from Hadda-1 and as far north as Livet-1 provides evidence for a working Early Triassic petroleum system across much of the Abrolhos Sub-basin. In this area, the Hovea Member was shown to be both of limited quality and only marginally mature for oil generation, which suggests the occurrence of effective source kitchens in the adjacent Houtman Sub-basin.
Exploration in the southwest Malita Graben: initial results and remaining potential
Authors: Jewett Kelsey , Lorage Anne-Claire , Amiribesheli Said , Tan Han Kee
Published: November 2018

In 2011, Total E&P Australia and Petronas Carigali drilled two exploration wells in permit WA-403-P in the northern Bonaparte Basin. Both wells targeted the Middle-Jurassic play of the Elang/Plover formations that have yielded all commercial discoveries in the area. Notably, the wells were drilled in a less-explored area near the axis of the basin, targeting reservoirs at or more than 4,000 m. Pre-drill, the critical risks were recognised as burial-related reservoir degradation and cross-fault leakage into Upper Jurassic to Lower Cretaceous sands.
The first well, Durville-1, was drilled on a poorly imaged three-way dip closure to the south of the Flamingo High. A gas column with high CO2 content was encountered in thick, high net-to-gross sands of lowermost Berriasian age. Drilling was terminated before the Elang Formation was reached.
The second well, Laperouse-1, was drilled on a well-imaged fault block near the southern margin of the Malita Graben. The structure was formed in the Late Jurassic and lacks recent fault activation; thus, it was anticipated that early hydrocarbon charge might protect the reservoir from severe diagenesis. Laperouse-1 encountered a thick succession of Tithonian to Berriasian water-bearing sand packages; it reached total depth in the Elang Formation.
The WA-403-P drilling campaign has confirmed the presence of thick Cretaceous sandstone in the area, although significant discrepancies in reservoir quality are observed between Durville-1 and Laperouse-1.
East African gas-impacts for Australian LNG
Authors: Tysoe Simon , Barrymore Stuart , Clinch David
Published: November 2018

Until recently, East Africa, with its complex geology and seemingly limited prospects, was the poor relation of the hydrocarbon provinces of West Africa. Since 2010, however, a string of successful exploration has resulted in offshore Kenya, Tanzania, and Mozambique, culminating in significant mergers and acquisitions and farming activities. Peter Coleman of Woodside described it as a potential game changer and a significant threat to the Australian LNG market.
This extended abstract provides an overview of the basins and the discoveries, concentrating on the two most promising countries: Mozambique and Tanzania. The deals to date and the proposed LNG developments are also discussed. Also discussed is the petroleum regimes in each of these jurisdictions, the deals, the underlying title systems, the absence of regulation, and the key risks for parties transacting in that sector. An overview of applicable taxation regimes is supplied.
This extended abstract then considers potential development scenarios and the relative advantages and disadvantages that East Africa has compared with Australia and the degree to which East Africa presents a threat to planned Australian projects. It is self-evident that the absence of infrastructure and modern petroleum systems of regulation challenge investment decisions.
Land transport—risk controls for the upstream industry
Authors: Cornish Scott
Published: November 2018

Land transport and driving safety is one of the highest risks faced by upstream oil and gas operating companies. APPEA has approached the issue by developing a code of practice for land transport activity that board and member companies have endorsed. This extended abstract reviews the risks of transport activities focusing on the key controls recommended to provide a systematic approach, emphasising driver behaviour.
Driver behaviour has been identified as a major contributor to incidents. To improve driver behaviour, a number of Australian companies have introduced In-Vehicle Monitoring Systems (IVMS) during the past few years. There are varied opinions about whether they reduce vehicle incidents; since introduction, results from the IVMS (driving behaviours) are quite interesting especially in remote area operations. The statistics show driver behaviour has improved since installing IVMS.
IVMS shows drivers comply more consistently with road rules, and an overall decrease in IVMS triggers (alerts) during the same time has been observed.
Like all systems, they are only as good as the people who use them. Without reporting and continual feedback and reinforcement on driver behaviour, installing an IVMS would not have as great an impact or influence on driver behaviour if driver feedback and reinforcement were not also aligned with overall driver management. In addition, IVMS should not be used as a way to catch risk takers, but they should be integrated into a business’s health, safety, and environmental management system (HSEMS). This is to first understand driver behaviour and then to be seen as a tool that can help gradually influence driver behaviour.
Safe supervisor competency program (SSCP): a new approach to training and skills development—the behavioural revolution
Authors: Taylor Miranda , Struthers Bronwyn
Published: November 2018

Although the safety performance of the Australian offshore oil and gas industry is best performing in Australia, evidence shows that it performs lower than the oil and gas industries in other parts of the world.
In addition, there has been a huge intake of new and inexperienced workers—often from other Australian industry sectors with worse safety performances—particularly in the high-risk offshore construction sector. This industry has also experienced unprecedented growth in recent times. These challenges, combined with a strong commitment from the industry's CEOs to relentlessly pursue continual improvement, provided a compelling case for change.
Everyone, from the frontline to the boardroom, plays a critical role in improving safety performance. A range of CEO-safety leadership programs, including the Common Safety Training Program (CSTP) targeted at new entrants to the oil and gas industry, address safety performance.
Supervisors are major leaders in workplaces; they are often selected based on technical skills and experience, not always on their people and leadership skills. Before becoming supervisors, many do not receive any related training and/or development, particularly in the offshore construction sector where high turnover and constant change are typical. The solution was seen to be a standard approach to supervisor competence, commonly recognised by all industry players.
The Safe Supervisors Competence Program (SSCP) was launched in early March 2011. SSCP is a new industry initiative focused on safety leadership. The program provides supervisors with the skills and behaviours to ensure the safety of individuals and workplace teams and the ability to influence safe behaviours.
This extended abstract addresses the SSCP:

The problems that promoted its development.
How the industry views it as a key solution to those problems.
Its philosophy and approach to learning
Its differences compared with other programs.
Visual testimonials and footage of its participants.
Its future and why it is now with APPEA.
The Atomic Model approach to operational assurance
Authors: Utgard Mark , Thomas Howard , Singh Arvin , Narozny Jacek
Published: November 2018

There is an inherent risk in transitioning project personnel out and transitioning the incoming operating crew in with minimal disruption to operations and ensuring the integrity of the design. The key to mitigating this risk is to execute operational readiness assurance (ORA) processes, which provide confidence that a facility has seamless transition from design into operation, and that production targets are met in the first years of the asset's life. It is a rigorous process spanning engineering, construction, commissioning, handover, and operations; this ensures confidence in operation and asset life cost.
This extended abstract focuses on a proven methodology to this aspect; it is highlighted using the Atomic Model approach, which is being implemented on the Wheatstone Processing Platform for Chevron. The atomic model consists of a nucleus (operability, reliability, and maintainability [ORM]) that provides the positive charge that will hold the whole process together; it also presents a consistent and operable asset to the operations and maintenance crew. The electrons—being the component parts—include competency, process safety, process control, operating and maintenance procedures, and maintenance management system. Together, these fully ensure operability.
The enemy of ORM is complexity and the Atomic Model is a systematic approach to this complexity. Implemented by a team that views the project holistically, this approach produces a facility that is operated and maintained in a uniform manner. This consistent and disciplined approach to operations, maintenance, and reliability is the positive charge needed in the nucleus for the path towards seamless start-up.
Measure twice, cut once: determining Roseneath Epsilon Murteree (REM) shale gas potential with point-source, point-receiver full-azimuth acquisition
Authors: Poole Anastasia , Badry Jennifer , Busanello Gabriele , Mitchell Brendon , Schmidt David
Published: November 2018

The key to the successful exploitation of shale resources, such as the REM shale gas interval in Queensland, is to obtain maximum reservoir contact by efficient drilling and hydraulic fracturing. This can be achieved by identifying areas of the reservoir already naturally fractured or where minimum effort is required for stimulation. Detection of these so-called sweet spots can be crucial for efficient reservoir development.
Seismic methods can be used in shale gas reservoir characterisation studies to achieve an improved understanding of the structure, heterogeneity, and geotechnical stress regime of the reservoir and related containment, leading to identification of the desired production sweet spots and optimum placement of future wells.
To achieve this, much more stringent requirements are placed on the quality and characteristics of seismic data than would be needed for a purely structural image.
Innovative best-practice solutions based on experience in the basin and elsewhere were included in the survey design of the Winnie 3D seismic acquisition. The survey featured broadband acquisition with point-source vibroseis and point-receiver accelerometers. Omnidirectional and symmetrical dense sampling with appropriately long offsets provided uniform azimuthal coverage with extremely high trace density. The high-specification acquisition design was complemented with latest non-uniform noise attenuation to enable a fast-track interpretation, detection of velocity anomalies, pre-stack seismic inversion, and the extraction of seismic attributes in advanced stages of data processing.
Greentape reduction: negotiating a standard approval for petroleum and gas exploration
Authors: Shaw Chris
Published: November 2018

The Queensland government passed the Environmental Protection (Greentape Reduction) Amendment Act in August 2012, which brings a range of process improvements aimed at streamlining environmental regulation.
Key among these changes for petroleum and gas activities is the introduction of standard applications, where if a proponent can meet set eligibility criteria and standard conditions, the assessment process for obtaining their environmental approval is vastly streamlined.
The practicality of these is paramount to achieving the greentape reduction objectives. Flinders present a case study of proactive negotiations with the regulator led by APPEA, leading to significant decreases in regulatory burden for obtaining environmental approvals for exploration activities.
Past attempts to develop a code of environmental compliance for petroleum and gas activities in Queensland have become bogged down to the point of impasse.
To avoid a similar situation, this process has focused on gaining a mutual understanding of the potential impacts associated with each activity related to exploration, as well as a review of the best practice methods of minimising these potential risks, and the practicality of the proposed methods.
This approach has led to:

eligibility criteria and outcome-focused conditions that deliver certainty to the regulator that impacts are minimised to an acceptable level; and,
sufficient practicality to be complied in a majority of circumstances, thereby achieving the desired reduction in greentape for petroleum and gas exploration activities.
The case study shows the potential benefits of genuine strategic industry engagement with regulators delivering a reduction in regulatory burden.
Emerging technology assessment and qualification for subsea fields of the future
Authors: Baker Peter
Published: November 2018

Most of the easy subsea oil and gas reserves have been discovered and are being developed. Future subsea developments will therefore need emerging or new technologies for fields that are economically marginal, in deeper waters and with longer offsets. Even existing reserves could benefit from enhanced recovery techniques.
The introduction of new or emerging technologies needs careful evaluation and consideration as inherent risks need to be identified, quantified, and addressed. Typical technology interfaces needed to be considered are subsurface drilling and completions, subsea technology, topsides processes and facilities, and installation vessel capabilities.New and emerging technology maturity and gaps can be identified, quantified, and evaluated using recognised international standards such as ISO 20815, DnV RP A203, and API RP 17N.
New technologies and the novel combination of existing technologies could become economic enablers, particularly for marginal developments. These enablers need careful evaluation for risk and reward, recognising potential impacts to health, safety and the environment.
The following is a list of the typical subsea technologies that can be addressed:

Gas compression-a requirement for ultra-long subsea tie backs to shore from remote fields.
Water injection-boosts production and deals with waste water rather than treating and overboarding.
Boosting and pumping-possible economic enablers.
Separation-avoids costly retrieval of fluids and treatment at the surface. Fluids are often re-injected subsea.
Sequestration-can be a game changer for environmental reasons.
All electric systems.
Active heating techniques-such as open and closed direct electrical heating, trace heating, integrated production bundles.
Power distribution subsea is also a requirement for many new subsea technologies.

This extended abstract examines some of the technologies being developed for future subsea production, assesses their maturity and identifies the technology gaps, and commercialisation necessary to make them economically and technically viable for operators. This extended abstract also takes a glimpse at how the fields of the future may look.
Critical success factors for partnerships in the oil and gas contracting industry
Authors: Robinson Rick , Powers Robert
Published: November 2018

The advent of mega LNG projects in Australia has encouraged the Australian contracting industry to establish partnerships with local or international peers to bolster capability and take advantage of larger work scopes to handle the contracting risks.
The types of partnerships generally fall into three broad categories:

Unincorporated joint ventures formed between partner companies, specifically to win and deliver a project. Each partner retains its individual entity and the relationship is finalised once the project is delivered.
Incorporated joint ventures that take a long-term view to the partnership. The incorporated entity focuses on winning and delivering work on multiple projects, without a specific end date.
Client contractor integration is the aligned relationships between clients and contractors to achieve delivery of optimal outcomes, thereby achieving mutual benefits.
Clough’s history in partnering dates back to 1957, when Harold Clough started the company’s first joint venture with Christiani and Nielsen of Denmark. During a 55-year period, the company has delivered more than 130 projects in joint-venture or client contractor-integration arrangements. This rich history of partnering is used to explore the pros and cons of different partnering arrangements through a series of partnership case studies.
Despite the relationship differences, there is a number of critical factors for successful partnerships, with the ultimate goal of adding value to the owner’s project. These factors, including focal interface points, financial and project management systems, and HSE unity and support, are explored using a case study about the BAM Clough Joint Venture, Clough’s most successful long-term partnership, which has been in place since 1964.
Environmental monitoring programs: recognising the importance of conservation values
Authors: Smith Andrew
Published: November 2018

The Gorgon Project will develop the Gorgon and Jansz-Io gas fields, located in the Greater Gorgon area, about 130 km off the northwest coast of WA. It includes the construction of a 15 million tonne per annum (mtpa) LNG plant on Barrow Island and a domestic gas plant with the capacity to provide 300 terajoules per day to supply gas to WA.
Barrow Island—where Gorgon will be located—is an internationally significant nature reserve and the site of Australia’s largest onshore operating oil field for the past 45 years. As a world-class example of environmental management, it has shown that conservation and development can successfully co-exist.
Recognising the importance of Barrow Island’s conservation values, the terrestrial and subterranean environmental monitoring program encompasses key ecological elements on Barrow Island including birds, mammals, subterranean fauna, vegetation, and surface water and land forms. These elements are monitored in relation to the potential impact from environmental stressors identified during pre-construction environmental impact assessments.
Here, the author describes the monitoring surveys conducted during the year as appropriate according to the element being considered. All surveys are executed using the Gorgon Project field mobilisation and deployment process, a stringent and dedicated system that ensures all essential health and safety processes are in place and adhered to.
Each element is monitored for signs of positive or negative impact across Barrow Island with comparisons made between the pre-determined Terrestrial Disturbance Footprint (TDF) and areas outside of the TDF in which the Gorgon Project is committed to causing zero environmental harm. Statistical control charts and tiered response triggers based on standard deviations are used to inform management decisions about potential environmental effects attributable to the Gorgon Project.
A continuous review process is in place to ensure all monitoring programs are scientifically robust and use up-to-date methodologies. Monitoring reports are used to assess the validity of each program and supplementary programs aimed at addressing gaps in existing knowledge are started as and when needed. A reporting framework is in place to ensure regulatory authorities are informed and collaborations are sought to advance overall understanding of the ecology and biology of Barrow Island fauna and flora.
The Gorgon Project is operated by an Australian subsidiary of Chevron and is a joint venture of the Australian subsidiaries of Chevron (about 47%), ExxonMobil (25%), Shell (25%), Osaka Gas (1.25%), Tokyo Gas (1%) and Chubu Electric Power (0.417%).
Pore-pressure prediction derived by common-reflection-surface (CRS) stacking seismic velocity to prevent drilling problems in geopressure zones: a case study of Snapper Field, Gippsland Basin, Australia
Authors: Oceaneawan Goldy , Samsoe Noer , Kautsar Telaga , Suharsono Aditya , Mucharam Leksono
Published: November 2018

Snapper Field is located in the Gippsland Basin, Australia. The field was discovered in 1968, and then continued by development drilling from the Snapper A platform, which started in 1981. The geopressure zones were encountered below 3,200 m at the Snapper—1 well and below 2,800 m at the Snapper A—21 well. If these zones are not anticipated before drilling, they could create problems, such as sticking, kick, or blowout.
This extended abstract presents a technique to predict pore pressure from seismic velocity, where the seismic velocity was derived by CRS. Many case studies have shown that CRS stack could produce smooth macro-velocity model, which is more reliable to be used for pore pressure prediction. Eaton's equation was used to transform the seismic velocity derived by CRS to pore pressure as a function of depth. All of these workflows have been conducted using field data from the Snapper Field provided by the Victorian Department of Primary Industries.
The prediction was compared with actual well pressure data to test the accuracy of prediction. The comparison shows that the pressure, which has been generated using this technique, is accurate. This result could be applied when making drilling programs particularly to identify the geo-pressure zones for wildcat/exploration wells in another field when pressure data from neighbouring wells are unavailable. If these geo-pressure zones could be anticipated, it will reduce drilling risk operation.
Information: a valuable resource in managing health, safety, and the environment in the offshore petroleum industry
Authors: Ardalich Nadia
Published: November 2018

The National Offshore Petroleum Safety and Environmental Management Authority (NOPSEMA) is charged with promoting occupational health and safety and responsible environmental management in the offshore petroleum industry and ensuring industry compliance with the relevant commonwealth legislation. For NOPSEMA to exercise these functions effectively and transparently, sharing information through industry experience is integral.
Although NOPSEMA already publishes widely–including guidance material, industry performance data, and safety alerts–it is working towards increasing publication of more detailed and specific industry information, such as enforcement notices. Government regulators publishing industry information of this kind is not new in Australia or overseas and is often used by regulators as a tool for promoting industry compliance.
Communicating and sharing information with industry and the public are important activities of governments. Information sharing can expand knowledge, enable innovation, enhance government accountability and transparency, and even save lives by learning from others' experiences. Recently, the Australian Government has shown a deeper commitment through changes to the Freedom of Information Act 1982, making government information more accessible and open to the public.
This extended abstract discusses the benefits of increasing publication of industry information to promote NOPSEMA's functions and objectives for delivering a safe and environmentally responsible offshore petroleum industry.
Trends in natural gas pricing and their effects on traditional contracting structures
Authors: Henneberry Lisa , Harris Steven , Way Anthony
Published: November 2018

This extended abstract analyses the combined disruptive effects of the shale gas boom, the global gas glut, and the worldwide economic crisis on international gas markets. These factors are considered in three major regions of the world:

In the competitive and liquid US gas market, increased domestic shale gas production prompted a dramatic decline in US gas prices and ultimately eliminated virtually all demand for new supplies of imported LNG.
In Europe, continuing liberalisation in the EU's natural gas end-user and wholesale markets, the growing liquidity of trading hubs across Europe, and the introduction of cheaper spot-gas have fundamentally changed the traditional oil-indexed gas and LNG contracting models.
In Asia, changes in buyer sensitivities to supply security and the development of new sources of supply have prompted discounting against traditional oil-based benchmarks and an increase in short-term or more flexible LNG purchases.
This extended abstract explores the combined effects of these developing trends in each major region together with the typical responses of buyers and sellers in each market. These effects and reactions introduce associated complexities in this changing-price environment. The authors also explore potential changes in the traditional gas and LNG contracting model and the evolution of related risk allocations, which contracting parties often rely on.
Trends in HSE remuneration and attraction of talent
Authors: Honore Julie , Murphy Jane
Published: November 2018

This extended abstract presents the latest findings and trends in remuneration based on the safesearch annual HSE Remuneration Survey, due to be released in early 2013. The survey, now in its seventh year, includes data from more than 100 Australian companies, primarily from the ASX 200, and covers a diverse range of industries, including oil and gas.
Author Julie Honoré uses her knowledge and experience from a specialist search firm and connections and knowledge of both the education sector and regulatory environment to provide a snapshot of trends in educational qualifications, salaries of health and safety professionals, variations across industry sectors related to oil and gas, and the impact of geographical locations. The author also discusses how organisations can compete and respond to the skills demand to attract and retain HSE talent in a dynamic and ever-changing environment.
A METHODICAL APPROACH TO CRITICAL WELL RE- EVALUATION
Authors: Willink R.J.
Published: November 2018

A review of existing petroleum wells in a particular basin of interest is commonly the first step in acreage evaluation and prospect identification. A rigorous assessment to determine whether a well's prospect was fully evaluated must be methodical and must incorporate reviews of petrophysical, engineering, geological, seismic and economic data.Based on Australian and international case histories, comprehensive checklists of pertinent questions that should be addressed have been formulated for each of these disciplines. Some aspects questioned are broad, and obvious to the point that they can be easily overlooked. Others are more specific and subtle and require close consultation with experts. The greatest value of these checklists' documentation is their potential as a guide for the comparatively inexperienced petroleum explorationist.Implicit in critical well re- evaluation is the need to be open minded, commencing on the premise that previous interpretations are not necessarily valid today. It should be appreciated that the first interpretation of an existing well was based on a limited data set of observations strongly influenced by the geological model in favour at the time and, as such, is extremely prone to change as additional data become available, as the economic environment changes or as new ideas are formulated.Experience has shown that significant, but as yet undetected, volumes of oil and gas may be present in prospects already drilled by one or more wells. Apparent lack of success in a well has often had an unjustifiably negative effect on further exploration in the area in which this well was drilled.
CHARACTERISATION OF AUSTRALIA'S OIL FIELDS BY FLUID AND RESERVOIR PROPERTIES AND CONDITIONS
Authors: Miyazaki S.
Published: November 2018

An extensive data compilation of reservoir rock and fluid properties, and temperature and pressure conditions, in Australia's oil fields, has provided regional information on the nature of crude oil accumulations. It has also allowed the determination of systematic trends and regional variations. These trends and variations are depicted in cross- plots of porosity against depth, porosity against permeability, temperature against depth, pressure against depth, oil gravity against depth, and formation- water salinity against depth.Offshore oil reservoirs, principally based on Gippsland Basin data, are of better quality than onshore ones, even after the porosity cut- off effect is taken into consideration. The Eromanga and Cooper Basins have a higher heat flow than other basins containing oil fields. Pressure trends are consistent with the low salinity nature of formation waters. In Australia, oil reservoirs have an average depth of 1500 m sub- sea and an average temperature of 90°C, and crude oils are light, with an average gravity of 45° API.Interpretation of systematic trends and regional variations can facilitate prospect evaluation by predicting the most likely reservoir qualities and conditions and the fluid properties in potential drilling targets.
INTEGRATED SEDIMENTOLOGICAL ANALYSIS: THE EOCENE OF THE BASS BASIN
Authors: Baillie Peter W. , Bacon Carol A.
Published: November 2018

The Eocene section in the Bass Basin comprises the upper part of the siliciclastic coal- bearing Eastern View Group and the thin but regionally extensive Demons Bluff Formation.An integrated sedimentological study utilising core analysis, log analysis, palynology, coal maceral studies and geochemistry, together with sequence stratigraphy, has been used to determine Eocene sedimentation styles in the basin.The most likely environment during deposition of the Upper Eastern View Group was a tide- dominated delta consisting of a complex mixture of distributary channels, strandline sand bars, peat swamps and shallow lagoons, the sedimentary successions resulting from a complex interplay between sea- level, tectonics and sediment supply. A major coal- forming episode occurring in the interval 48- 51.5 m.y. is related to oscillations of sea- level following a major highstand.A locally developed progradational unit, Konkon Sandstone, comprising two sandy parasequences separated by a very thin shaly interval is recognised at the top of the Eastern View Group in the northwestern sector of the basin and reaches a maximum thickness of 140 m.The Demons Bluff Formation is a diachronous unit consisting dominantly of siltstone probably deposited in a barred basin with anaerobic conditions.
Introduction of the Proserpine rock-wallaby Petrogale persephone from the Queensland mainland to nearby Hayman Island.
Authors: Johnson PM , Nolan BJ , Schaper DN
Published: November 2018

Between 1998 and 2002, 27 ‘endangered’ Proserpine rock-wallabies Petrogale persephone
were introduced from the Queensland mainland to Hayman Island. Site release selection was
based on faunal, botanical, geological and ecological surveys carried out before the release. The
eradication of a feral herbivorous competitor, the feral goat (Capra hircus), allowed the
introduction to proceed. Eagle predation in the early part of the introduction necessitated all
further introductions be carried out by soft release. Between 1999 and 2000, monitoring and
non-invasive video surveillance has shown that this introduced population is breeding.
The occurrence of the yellow-footed antechinus Antechinus flavipes in remnant linear habitats in north-eastern Victoria.
Authors: van der Ree R
Published: November 2018

THE yellow-footed Antechinus Antechinus flavipes
is distributed from South Australia, through central
Victoria, New South Wales and into Queensland as
well as in south-western Australia (Van Dyck 1998).
In south-eastern Australia, the conservation of A.
flavipes is not assured because its range largely
corresponds with the temperate woodlands that have
undergone extensive clearing and degradation
(Menkhorst 1995). Despite this, no studies on the
effects of the loss and fragmentation of habitat on A.
flavipes have been published in the scientific
literature. In contrast, numerous ecological studies
that investigate the consequences of anthropogenic
disturbance have been undertaken on its congeners,
the brown antechinus Antechinus stuartii and agile
antechinus Antechinus agilis (e.g., Bennett 1987;
Downes et al. 1997; Knight and Fox 2000). These
studies indicate that the abundance of these species
may be influenced by patch size (Bennett 1987;
Dunstan and Fox 1996), distance to large forest
blocks (Downes et al. 1997), habitat structure
(Knight and Fox 2000) and degree of tolerance to
modified habitats that surround the patch (Knight and
Fox 2000). Can the response of A. stuartii and A.
agilis be used to predict how the loss, fragmentation
and degradation of habitat may affect A. flavipes? In
this note, I provide preliminary information about a
population of A. flavipes occupying linear fragments
of woodland in an agricultural landscape in southeastern
Australia.
Mervyn Edward Griffiths 1914-2003. An obituary by Tom Grant
Authors: Grant T
Published: November 2018

MERV GRIFFITHS was born in Sydney on 8th July
1914, grew up in Northbridge and was educated in
schools in North Sydney, including North Sydney
Boys’ High School, which he attended from 1930-32.
He entered what he, mischievously referred to as
“The University” [University of Sydney] in 1934 to
study Zoology. This period was difficult financially
for all, including the University of Sydney, but in
spite of the effects of underfunding and crowded
conditions, Merv followed his biological interests
under the tutelage of Professor W. J. Dakin and a
small staff in the Zoology Department. He shared the
Caird Scholarship and Haswell Prize with his friend
and colleague Darcy Gilmour in 1936, obtained his
Bachelor Degree in Zoology with first Class Honours
in 1937, followed by his Master of Science in 1938.
Merv first began publishing in the scientific
literature in 1936 with a paper on The colour changes
in batoid fishes in the Proceedings of the Linnean
Society of New South Wales.
Home ranges of sympatric red-necked wallabies, red-bellied pademelons and common brushtail possums in a temperate eucalypt forestry environment.
Authors: le Mar K , McArthur C , Statham M
Published: November 2018

We investigated home ranges of sympatric red-necked (or Bennett?s) wallabies Macropus
rufogriseus rufogriseus, red-bellied pademelons Thylogale billardierii and common brushtail
possums Trichosurus vulpecula fuliginosus within a forestry environment in north-west
Tasmania. Six indiviuals of each species were radio-tracked between 7 and 11 months.
Nocturnal and diurnal data were used to estimate Minimum Convex Polygon (MCP) home
range, 95% fixed-Kernel (KE) home range and 50% KE core area. Home ranges (mean � s.e.)
were as follows: M. r. rufogriseus MCP = 61 � 12 ha, KE = 41 � 3 ha; T. billardierii MCP = 22
� 5 ha, KE = 16 � 3 ha; and Tr. v. fuliginosus MCP = 39 � 8 ha, KE = 17 � 3 ha. M. r.
rufogriseus had larger MCP home ranges than T. billardierii (P < 0.05), and larger KE home
ranges and core areas than both T. billardierii and Tr. v. fuliginosus (P < 0.05), which reflected
their larger body mass. Inter-sexual comparisons within the sexually dimorphic macropods
showed that M. r. rufogriseus males had significantly larger MCP and KE home ranges and core
areas than females (P < 0.05), and T. billardierii males tended to have a larger KE home ranges
than females (P = 0.08). No inter-sexual difference in home range size was detected for Tr. v.
fuliginosus.
Managing the Grey-Headed Flying-Fox as a Threatened Species in NSW. P. Eby and D. Lunney (Eds) A Review by Eleanor Wills.
Authors: Wills E
Published: November 2018

THE grey-headed flying fox Pteropus poliocephalus
is managed simultaneously under two contrasting
paradigms in New South Wales (NSW), as a
threatened species and as a pest in orchards and at
camps in some urban centres. Many authors have
called attention to the lack of understanding of the
species and the obstacle this may pose for
conservation efforts. Managing the grey-headed
flying-fox as a threatened species in NSW was
produced as a result of a forum held on the 28th of
July 2001 by the Royal Zoological Society of New
South Wales. It provides a comprehensive and up-todate
review of management strategies for the species,
in the context of recent legislative changes.