bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Pipeline corrosion defect parameterisation with magnetic flux leakage inspection: a contextual representation approach
Authors: Peng Xiang , Liu Huan , Siggers Kevin , Liu Zheng
Published: February 2021

Corrosion is one of the significant reasons for oil and gas pipeline failures. In pipeline integrity management programmes, the magnetic flux leakage (MFL) technique is widely used to detect and quantify corrosion defects. The inspection results of MFL list the profiles of individual
corrosion defects; however, the structural safety of a pipeline not only depends on the size of individual corrosion defects but also the pattern of closely spaced defects. To achieve a contextual defect representation, the concept of parameterisation, which considers the adjacent defects
as additional information of the central defect, is proposed in this study. The process through which to realise this contextual representation is described in this paper. Three parameterisation models are proposed and a two-dimensional Gaussian function is employed to model the interaction
strength between adjacent defects. The experimental results demonstrate that the shape context (SC) model associated with the interaction strength function (ISF) shares the highest similarity with human inspectors in comparison with the other two models. Thus, the proposed parameterisation
approach can be used to retrieve similar corrosion defects and analyse defect population distribution along a pipeline.
High-Intensity Assignments for the 22 February 2011 Mw 6.2 Christchurch, Canterbury, New Zealand, Earthquake: A Contribution toward Understanding the Severe Damage Caused by This Event
Authors: Goded Tatiana , Gerstenberger Matt , Stirling Mark , Cousins Jim , Canessa Silvia
Published: February 2021

This article presents modified Mercalli intensity (MMI) data for the 22 February 2011 Mw 6.2 Christchurch, New Zealand, earthquake. These data include intensity levels above MMI 8 that have not been assigned previously. Two sources of data have been used in this research: GeoNet’s “Felt Classic” online questionnaires and felt reports gathered during a field study in Christchurch in February 2013. Taken together, these sets of data provided 331 valid (i.e., with all the needed information) felt reports in areas of MMI 8 or above, with 299 (90%) of the reports used to assign MMI levels above 8.

This article presents a more detailed picture of the geographical damage distribution of this earthquake than has previously been available. The data differentiate damage in the center of Christchurch, with 8 communities assigned a community MMI (CMMI) of 9, 11 communities a CMMI of 10, and 8 communities a CMMI of 11, which is the maximum possible intensity in the New Zealand MMI scale, and a level of intensity not previously reported in New Zealand (Dowrick et al., 2008).

The geographical damage distribution for Christchurch has been updated for intensities below MMI 8. This was done using a recently developed method that groups intensity data and allows intensities to be aggregated for a community and a single value assigned. Comparisons between MMI and peak ground velocity using the CMMI data and two ground-motion intensity correlation equations (GMICEs) indicate an underestimation of MMI when using the GMICEs and the need to review New Zealand’s GMICE.
An Optimum 2D Seismic-Wavefield Reconstruction in Densely and Nonuniformly Distributed Stations: The Metropolitan Seismic Observation Network in Japan
Authors: Shiina Takahiro , Maeda Takuto , Kano Masayuki , Kato Aitaro , Hirata Naoshi
Published: February 2021

We propose an optimization method for applying the seismic-wave gradiometry (SWG) method to a dense seismic station network consisting of nonuniformly distributed seismographs. As a nonuniformly distributed station array, we consider the station layout of the Metropolitan Seismic Observation Network (MeSO-net) operated in and around the Tokyo metropolitan area, Japan. In this study, thereby, we numerically investigate optimum shapes of weighting functions, which control the spatial weights of individual stations when estimating waveforms at any grid points in the SWG method, to reconstruct seismic wavefields propagating in the MeSO-net. The functions with isotropic spatial weights are found to be appropriate for wavefield reconstructions with seismic waves incoming from practically all directions, even for nonuniformly distributed stations. The reproducibility of the wavefields is greatly improved by changing the shapes of the spatial weights reflecting density of the stations. Further plausible wavefield reconstructions are made by considering the propagation directions of the seismic waves. In these cases, if the weight of a contribution for a wavefield reconstruction is larger at far stations with a direction perpendicular to the wave propagation direction, then the reproducibility of the waveforms is significantly increased. In addition, the spatial gradients of the amplitudes are well reproduced by the optimized SWG method even though the optimization only focused on the amplitudes. Therefore, our proposed optimization scheme can be used to accurately estimate seismic wavefields in a nonuniformly distributed station array. Actually, the weighting functions optimized in this study succeeded to reconstruct the seismic wavefield of a shallow crustal earthquake that occurred around the Tokyo metropolitan area, based on the observed seismograms obtained by the MeSO-net.
Seismic Monitoring in Gujarat, India, during 2020 Coronavirus Lockdown and Lessons Learned
Authors: Kumar Santosh , Kumar R. Chaitanya , Roy Ketan Singha , Chopra Sumer
Published: February 2021

The Gujarat region, situated in the westernmost part of India, experienced a deadly intraplate 2001 Mw 7.6 Bhuj earthquake. In the aftermath of the disaster, the Institute of Seismological Research established the Gujarat (India) seismic network in 2006. The network is being operated in online and offline modes, whereas, seismicity monitoring is being done in near-real-time, using data received from the online seismic stations. The Coronavirus disease-19 lockdown provided an opportunity to assess the network reliability in a difficult and challenging scenario. The positive aspect of the lockdown is reflected in signal-to-noise ratio, which improved significantly at all the sites during the lockdown, with more prominent being at sites located on top of the Quaternary sediments due to the absence of high-frequency anthropogenic noise. A sharp fall in the seismic background noise is noticed at most of the stations during the lockdown period, with respect to the prelockdown period. We used the lockdown data to identify other natural sources of noise, besides anthropogenic. The lockdown helped in solving the enigma of seismicity in certain pockets, which turned out to be related to quarry blasts.
Evaluation of hepatoprotective potential of aqueous extract of Withania somnifera in albino rats
Authors: Sharma Monica , Gaur Anand , Vishwakarma Pinki , Goel Raj Kumar , Saxena K. K.
Published: February 2021

Background: Hepatic diseases are a major cause of morbidity and disability of work force throughout the world. The treatment of hepatic diseases with standard drugs poses the risk of toxicity on various organ systems. Withania somnifera, a herbal plant has been claimed to be effective in the treatment of various types of hepatic conditions. The present study was undertaken to explore the hepatoprotective activity of aqueous extract of Withania somnifera (AEWS) in experimentally induced hepatotoxicity in albino rats.Methods: The study was commenced after obtaining approval from institutional animal ethical committee using AEWS leaves in Albino wistar rats (150-200 gm) of either sex. The hepatoprotective activity was evaluated using biochemical examination. The animals were divided into five groups of six animals each. In each experiment, first group was given normal saline (1 ml/kg/day), second group was injected with toxin CCl4 (1 ml/kg) i.p only once to produce hepatotoxicity, third and fourth groups were given Withania somnifera orally (500 mg/kg and 1000 mg/kg) (respectively), as a single dose per orally every morning and fifthgroup was given standard drug Liv-52 (1 mg/kg).Results: Aqueous extract of Withania somnifera leaves in oral dose exhibited significant hepatoprotective effect in all models used in this study.Conclusions: It can be concluded from our study that aqueous extract of Withania somnifera leaves possesses hepatoprotective activity.
Prevalence and characteristics of polycystic ovarian syndrome in women attending in outpatient department of obstetrics and gynecology of Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
Authors: Fatema Kaniz , Das Tripti Rani , Kazal Rezaul Karim , Mahamood Sharmeen , Pervin Hasna Hena , Noor Farah , Chakma Bidisha
Published: February 2021

Background: Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a heterogenous, multifactorial, complex genetic disorder. Most commonly, it affects the females of reproductive age. This is one of the most widespread diseases across the world and if left untreated, may result in infertility and even uterine cancer. Methods: A cross sectional observation study of 100 PCOS patients was carried out from August 2018 to July 2019 in gynecology out-patient department of Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib medical university, Dhaka. In this study clinical, biochemical and hormonal profile of these patients were analyzed and correlation was done between clinical features and biochemical and hormonal profile. Results: The prevalence of PCOS was 6.11% in the gynecology out-patient visits and 35.39% among infertile women. The mean age group of the patients was 24.3±5.16 SD. The mean BMI was 24.66±5.34 SD. The mean duration of infertility was 5.17 years. The prevalence of metabolic syndrome in our study was 15.0%. In this study menstrual irregularity was the most common complaint. Spearman’s correlation between various clinical and laboratory parameters showed positive correlation exists between BMI and testosterone (r=0.4824; p<0.0001).Conclusions: The study showed that most of our polycystic ovary syndrome subjects were present with oligomenorrhea. Hirsutism and central obesity were also common presentation. Obese women with PCOS had more severe ovulatory dysfunction and need more attention for their appropriate management.
Clinical and genetic profile of patients with primary hyperoxaluria: observation from a single centre from West India
Authors: Kapadia Shahenaz , Vala Kinnari , Saha Anshuman , Banergy Subho , Engineer Divyesh , Patel Himanshu , Kute Vivek , Gera Dinesh , Mishra Vineet
Published: February 2021

Background: Primary hyperoxaluria (PH) is characterized by oxalate overproduction due to glyoxylate pathway enzyme defects in the liver. Apart from heterogeneous clinical manifestations of PH, diagnosis by urinary and plasma oxalate levels or stone analysis is not always confirmatory. Mutational analysis is required for definite diagnosis. There is heterogeneity between genotype of PH patients between Western and Indian population. The aim of this study is to describe clinical and genetic profile of Indian patients, diagnosed with PH in Western India.Methods: All clinical PH suspects in Nephrology and Paediatric Nephrology units from October 2016-September 2020, were counselled for genetic analysis for diagnostic confirmation. Cases, genetically confirmed to have PH, were included and retrospectively analysed for their clinical profile, modality of renal replacement therapy, survival/death. The mutations identified in our patients were compared with commonly prevalent mutations in world PH databases.Results: 13 of 15 patients were identified to have genetically confirmed PH. Median age at diagnosis was 1 year (range, 4 months to 46 years) and six (46.15%) were male. Six (46.15%) infants, two (15.38%) adolescents and five (38.46%) presented in adulthood. Nine presented as ESKD, while three patients progressed to ESKD during study. Eight (61.54%) with AGXT mutation were diagnosed as PH type1, four (30.76%) GRHPR mutation while one (7.69%) female infant had PH type 3 with HOGA mutation. Out of thirteen, five (38.46%) patients expired, five (38.46%) are ESKD requiring dialysis. Two (15.38%) post-transplant patients, graft loss for one and another requiring supportive medical management for deteriorating eGFR.Conclusions: ESKD being commonest presentation, high index of suspicion in all cases with renal stone and complete work up should be done for early diagnosis and timely intervention. National registry is required for detection of novel PH mutations in Indian population.
Diet and Nutrition Recommendations during the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Jain Surabhi
Published: February 2021

Coronavirus disease of 2019 (COVID‐19) is caused by coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2), has affected the lives of people worldwide. This document aims to provide guidance on managing asymptomatic, symptomatic mild to moderate illness home quarantine patient’s diet and Nutrition needs. Specially in this time of pandemic, optimum Diet and Nutrition care becomes extremely necessary to manage the illness effectively. Dietary intervention can definitely decrese the severity and disease load of the country. In this time, Healthy positive lifestyle modification is of utmost importance which includes the Healthy diet and Nutrition food habits, meeting nutrition requirements as per medical issues, incorporation of physical activity and relaxation techniques for mental and emotional health.

This review summarizes, evidence based literature, nutritional guidelines to support recovery in COVID-19 patients. In this article, we have tried to work out the dietary recommendaions with all the macro and micronutrients for patients suffering from asymptomatic to symptomatic mild to moderate COVID-19 illness, advised home quarantine. A healthy diet containing a variety of macronutrients and micronutrients can provide a significant amount of minerals, vitamins, antioxidants, and bioactive compounds, which can help in better outcomes in COVID-19 positive patients.
Electocardiographic changes in acute cerebrovascular accidents-a tertiary centre experience in South India
Authors: Sebastian Sajith , Susan Roy Jenny
Published: February 2021

Cerebrovascular accident plays an important role in the morbidity and mortality of adults posing serious medical, socio-economic and rehabilitation problems. Electrocardiographic abnormalities have been known to occur in the context of neurological disease. The current study is an observational study aimed at elucidating the relation between cerebrovascular accident and ECG.

To determine the frequency of ECG changes in cerebrovascular accident and to determine the variations in ECG manifestations and mortality in different types of stroke.

100 patients of acute stroke were considered. ECG was recorded in these patients within 24 hours of admission. Follow up of admitted patients was done to know the prognosis.

ECG abnormalities noted among cerebral ischemic patients were presence of T Wave inversion (34.48%) and ST segment depression (32.76%) followed by QTc Prolongation (29.31%) and presence of U waves (27.59%). In cases of haemorrhagic Stroke, T wave inversion (33.33%) and arrhythmias (33.33%) were followed by U waves (30.95%) and ST segment depression (23.81%). Mortality was higher in patients with ST-T changes in ischemic group (66.66%) and in patients with positive U waves (60%) in haemorrhagic group. Studying ECG changes will provide insight in prognosis and management of stroke patients and may alter their management in coming future.

ECG changes occurred very commonly in acute stroke. The changes are thought to be independent of the nature of stroke. It was noted that ST and T inversion being common in ischemic while T inversions and arrhythmias common in haemorrhagic CVA. It was also noted that the mortality was higher in patients with abnormal ECG following an acute Cerebrovascular event.
Tutela jurídica do trabalhador soropositivo: evolução legislativa e jurisprudencial no Brasil
Authors: Baracat Eduardo Milléo , Ferreira Natan Mateus , Cochran III Augustus Bonner
Published: February 2021

Várias foram as tentativas legislativas para proibir a discriminação do trabalhador soropositivo, inclusive para criminalizá-lo. A maioria não teve sucesso, ao menos por enquanto. No entanto, existem instrumentos normativos em vigência que podem ser eficazes no combate à discriminação do trabalhador soropositivo. O primeiro deles, é a Lei nº 9.029/95 que, aplicada por analogia, conferiria importante tutela ao acesso ao emprego e a proibição de discriminação. O Segundo é a Convenção nº 111 da OIT que, ratificada pelo Brasil, cria mecanismos de combate à discriminação do trabalhador. O terceiro, é a própria construção jurisprudencial, por meio da inversão do ônus da prova nos processo em que o trabalhador alega dispensa discriminatória.
Da ecosofia à ecologia profunda: por um novo paradigma ecológico e sustentável
Authors: Trevisam Elisaide , Trevisam Braga Julio , Trevisam Braga Isaque
Published: February 2021

Atualmente, a problemática em torno do desenvolvimento sustentável encontra ainda forte resistência para tornar efetiva uma convivência responsável do ser humano com o meio ambiente em que vive. Nesse sentido, se faz necessário desenvolver uma postura ética, epistemológica e mesmo política capaz de desenvolver um novo paradigma sustentável. Desse modo, este artigo propõe estabelecer, como objetivo, o diálogo entre os conceitos de ecosofia (Naess e Guattari) e de ecologia profunda (Naess), a fim de promover a (con)vivência humana com a natureza, fazendo evoluir o fundamento ecológico de sustentabilidade ambiental. Para levar a cabo esta investigação, a presente pesquisa se dará por meio de uma análise científica de cunho bibliográfico, dialogando conceitos através de um método de abordagem dedutivo, na busca por se desenvolver a evolução do debate sobre o novo paradigma ecológico da sustentabilidade. Como resultado, a composição dos objetivos e da metodologia elencados permite entrever um novo paradigma sustentável capaz de reunir a coletividade humana e natureza como igualmente integrantes de uma mesma comunidade natural e, portanto, numa relação interdependente.
Automatic Text Summarization of COVID-19 Research Articles Using Recurrent Neural Networks and Coreference Resolution
Authors: Afsharizadeh Mahsa , Ebrahimpour-Komleh Hossein , Bagheri Ayoub
Published: February 2021

Purpose: Pandemic COVID-19 has created an emergency for the medical community. Researchers require extensive study of scientific literature in order to discover drugs and vaccines. In this situation where every minute is valuable to save the lives of hundreds of people, a quick understanding of scientific articles will help the medical community. Automatic text summarization makes this possible.
Materials and Methods: In this study, a recurrent neural network-based extractive summarization is proposed. The extractive method identifies the informative parts of the text. Recurrent neural network is very powerful for analyzing sequences such as text. The proposed method has three phases: sentence encoding, sentence ranking, and summary generation. To improve the performance of the summarization system, a coreference resolution procedure is used. Coreference resolution identifies the mentions in the text that refer to the same entity in the real world. This procedure helps to summarization process by discovering the central subject of the text.
Results: The proposed method is evaluated on the COVID-19 research articles extracted from the CORD-19 dataset. The results show that the combination of using recurrent neural network and coreference resolution embedding vectors improves the performance of the summarization system. The Proposed method by achieving the value of ROUGE1-recall 0.53 demonstrates the improvement of summarization performance by using coreference resolution embedding vectors in the RNN-based summarization system.
Conclusion: In this study, coreference information is stored in the form of coreference embedding vectors. Jointly use of recurrent neural network and coreference resolution results in an efficient summarization system.
Desde el estructuralismo al neoestructuralismo latinoamericano: retomando la ruta prebischiana del poder
Authors: Fernández Víctor Ramiro , Ormaechea Emilia
Published: February 2021

Este artículo analiza cómo el paso del estructuralismo al neoestructuralismo latinoamericano se caracterizó por el desplazamiento del rol que juegan las relaciones de poder en distintas dimensiones analíticas, a saber: en la formación histórica de las estructuras productivas periféricas, en las relaciones de conflicto, en el excedente, en el rol de la industrialización como estrategia de desarrollo, en la intervención del Estado, y en la dimensión espacial. Finalmente, se argumenta la importancia de recuperar estas dimensiones en toda propuesta orientada a actualizar el pensamiento latinoamericano del desarrollo a partir de establecer un diálogo entre estructuralismo y neoestructuralismo.
Concentración, extranjerización y el rol de las grandes empresas en el sector externo argentino (1994-2015)
Authors: Santarcángelo Juan E. , Lucero Juan Cruz
Published: February 2021

Durante los últimos cincuenta años, las dinámicas productivas y el comercio internacional se han transformado significativamente y ha ganado importancia el papel de las grandes empresas, que crecientemente han incrementado su poder económico y su relevancia en el comercio exterior. El objetivo del presente artículo es analizar para el periodo 1994-2015, el desempeño de la cúpula empresarial en el comercio exterior argentino, las continuidades y rupturas que este actor registra entre la convertibilidad y la posconvertibilidad, la evolución en el nivel de concentración y extranjerización, y las implicancias que estos fenómenos tienen en materia de desarrollo económico para Argentina.
fracking en Mendoza, una iniciativa al extremo de lo posible
Authors: Salomone Mariano J.
Published: February 2021

Desde 2017, el gobierno de Mendoza impulsa la explotación de hidrocarburos no convencionales mediante la técnica de fractura hidráulica (fracking), al centro-oeste de Argentina. El artículo analiza la narrativa dominante que sostiene dicha iniciativa, enfatizando dos características: se trata de una estrategia de desarrollo presentada como el resultado de las fuerzas compulsivas de los hechos (una realidad inexorable); toda resistencia al fracking es denunciada como un obstáculo al desarrollo (pura irracionalidad). Desde el punto de vista metodológico, el trabajo recurre al rastreo en la prensa gráfica y documentos públicos del gobierno y del sector empresario.
Ruralidad en México, 1995-2015: uso en políticas públicas
Authors: Zamudio Sánchez Francisco José , De la Cruz-De la Cruz Karen Itzel , Lopez-Becerril Iraís Dámaris , Arana-Ovalle Roxana Ivette
Published: February 2021

Reconociendo la importancia de la ruralidad y la urbanidad para elaborar políticas públicas y estrategias económicas, en este artículo se presenta la actualización de un índice de ruralidad para los municipios de México construido con técnicas multivariadas vía un proceso jerárquico analítico, en el que la comparabilidad en el tiempo fue prioritaria. El índice describe la distribución dinámica y geográfica de la ruralidad en México y muestra que hay avances hacia la urbanidad, aunque persisten municipios muy rurales. Para ejemplificar el uso y pertinencia del índice se ha evaluado un programa de vivienda.
Aproximaciones al derecho a la tierra desde un enfoque de género: un espacio de resistencia, cuidado y aprendizaje colaborativo en Valle Alto, Cochabamba
Authors: Quiroga Eróstegui Celeste
Published: February 2021

Ser mujer campesina, productora, indígena y dirigente sindical, reúne identidades plurales con líneas difusas que dificultan su separación. Las experiencias de estas mujeres alrededor de la ley y políticas públicas las han homogeneizado o invisibilizado; sin embargo, su subjetividad da luces para entender sus realidades y actuar con ellas. El presente artículo pretende compartir, desde un abordaje sociolegal, un análisis alrededor de dinámicas de poder y estrategias en el ejercicio de derechos humanos de mujeres que trabajan y viven la tierra. El trabajo de campo, llevado a cabo a través del marco de la metodología de investigación acción-participación, ha implicado poner en el centro la participación de las personas involucradas en un proceso colaborativo de empoderamiento legal. Teniendo a la tierra como punto de encuentro, a través de la sororidad, y asociatividad, ellas encuentran oportunidades para crecer en contextos desafiantes.
Impunidad, corrupción y derechos humanos
Authors: Vázquez Daniel , Ortiz Horacio
Published: February 2021

El objetivo del artículo es analizar el impacto que la corrupción y la impunidad tienen sobre las violaciones a derechos humanos. Para ello, se realizaron varios modelos estadísticos. Se observó que existen ciertos tipos de violaciones a los derechos humanos que se perpetran mediante actos de corrupción. En la medida en que ni el acto de corrupción ni esa violación sean sancionados, la impunidad se convierte en un contexto que incentiva al perpetrador a seguir cometiendo los mismos actos de corrupción, lo que generará nuevas violaciones a derechos humanos. Cuando la corrupción y la impunidad se conjugan, ambas se convierten en patrones estructurales de violaciones a los derechos humanos.
Potential Immunological Treatments in COVID-19 Patients
Authors: ENGİN Muhammet Mesut Nezir , ÖZDEMİR Öner
Published: February 2021

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) seemed in Wuhan, China in December 2019. SARS-CoV-2 infection in human was named as coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). It has now infected more than 69 million people worldwide, becoming an epidemic responsible for more than 1,5 million deaths until 10th of December 2020. The epidemic still continues. This epidemic is the third epidemic caused by coronaviruses in the 21st century and may be the most important infectious disease representing a major public health threat to the whole world. Treatments against COVID-19 are constantly updated in the literature, based on evidence. Unfortunately, there is no definitive cure for COVID-19, and a number of drugs for use in severe cases of COVID-19 are now being studied in a number of nonrandomized or randomized trials. These include chloroquine, steroids, anti-inflammatory, and antiviral agents. Immunological treatments such as convalescent plasma, intravenous immunoglobulin, monoclonal antibodies (tocilizumab, eculizumab, itolizumab etc.), and anakinra treatments are tried in COVID-19 disease. Results from some trials look promising. Quite a few reports have also stood published so far on the use of immunological treatments for COVID-19 cases. In this review, we will discuss the key immunological treatments, mostly mentioned in the current literature, used in COVID-19 patients in detail.
Dynamique des populations de Bulinus senegalensis Müller 1781 dans une mare temporaire située dans une zone climatique nord-soudanienne au Burkina Faso
Authors: Poda J.N. , Sellin B. , Sawadogo Laya
Published: February 2021

Le maintien de Bulinus senegalensis dans une mare en eau pendant moins de 8 mois de l'année montre que cette espèce est inféodée aux milieux aquatiques temporaires. L'évolution climatique et physicochimique de la mare de Tenado, située dans une zone climatique nord-soudanienne du Burkina Faso, indique que la température, le pH et la conductivité sont des indicateurs de la densité des populations de Bulinus senegalensis.
Comparaison de différents systèmes de collecte avec deux types de pièges pour la capture des glossines et des Tabanidés
Authors: Amsler S. , Filledier J.
Published: February 2021

Lors d'expériences menées en 1992 et 1994 sur le site de la Comoé, par le Centre international de recherche-développement sur l'élevage en zone subhumide (Bobo-Dioulasso, Burkina Faso), les auteurs ont comparé l'efficacité des bouteilles et des cages associées aux pièges biconique Challier-Laveissière ou monoconique Mérot, comme systèmes de capture pour certaines espèces de glossines (Glossina tachinoides et G. morsitans submorsitans) et les Tabanidae. Pour G. tachinoides, la bouteille ne présente un net intérêt que lorsqu'elle est associée au piège monoconique, mais avec des résultats toujours inférieurs à ceux du piège biconique muni d'une cage. La bouteille avec le piège biconique donne des résultats variables selon les années, mais au mieux équivalents à ceux de la cage. Les différences entre les systèmes sont plus nettes chez les mâles. Pour G. morsitans submorsitans, le système piège biconique/cage reste le plus efficace et la bouteille réduit les captures dans les deux types de pièges. Les captures de Tabanidae sont augmentées (parfois doublées) quand on substitue la bouteille à la cage, quel que soit le type de piège.
Efficacité du Cymelarsan® dans le traitement de la trypanosomose naturelle chronique à Trypanosoma evansi chez le dromadaire au Soudan
Authors: Musa M.M. , Abdoon A.M.O. , Nasir B.T. , Salim Y.I. , Abdel-Rahman A.Y. , Shommein A.M.
Published: February 2021

Les auteurs ont testé dans les conditions de contrôle en laboratoire, l'efficacité du Cymelarsan® administré par voie intramusculaire (i.m.), dans le traitement des cas chroniques de trypanosomose cameline naturelle à Trypanosoma evansi. Il est confirmé que le Cymelarsan® administré par voie intramusculaire à des doses de 0,25 ou 0,50 mg/kg de poids vif est un médicament sûr pour le dromadaire. Pendant les 90 jours qui ont suivi le traitement, aucune rechute n'a été observée, avec l'une ou l'autre posologie. Ce médicament est donc pleinement efficace contre les formes chroniques de la maladie naturelle et la dose de 0,25 mg/kg de poids vif en i.m. est recommandée.
Essai sur le terrain d'un vaccin atténué contre la cowdriose
Authors: Gueye Arona , Jongejan Frans , Mbengue Mb. , Diouf A. , Uilenberg Gerrit
Published: February 2021

Les auteurs rapportent les résultats d'un essai sur le terrain d'une souche sénégalaise de Cowdria ruminantium atténuée par passage sur culture cellulaire. Trente moutons vaccinés et 30 moutons témoins sont introduits dans la région des Niayes au Sénégal et font l'objet d'un suivi quotidien. Dans le lot témoin, 22 cas de mortalité dus à la cowdriose sont observés dont un seul est associé à l'anaplasmose. Dans le lot vacciné, 13 animaux sont morts et Cowdria n'a été décelée que sur deux moutons qui souffraient auparavant d'ehrlichiose ou d'anaplasmose. Trois autres cas d'ehrlichiose et deux autres cas d'anaplasmose sont également enregistrés parmi ces 13 animaux. Le problème de l'interaction pathologique semble être à l'origine de la baisse de la résistance chez les deux individus vaccinés et qui présentaient des Cowdria dans le cortex cérébral. Les autres animaux du lot n'ont pas présenté de signes d'infection à Cowdria.
L'immunodiagnostic de la fasciolose à Fasciola gigantica par la technique ELISA au Sénégal. Observatoins préliminaires chez deux agneaux
Authors: Diaw O.T. , Sèye M.M. , Seye M. , Sarr Y. , Vassiliades Georges
Published: February 2021

L'objet de ce travail est de tester l'utilisation de la technique ELISA au Sénégal pour le diagnostic de la fasciolose à Fasciola gigantica chez le mouton en utilisant comme antigène les produits métaboliques d'excrétion-sécrétion du parasite. Alors que les analyses coprologiques classiques sont négatives jusqu'à la 14è semaine, l'analyse immunologique par le test ELISA permet de trouver les premiers anticorps anti-Fasciola gigantica dès la 4è semaine après l'infection.
Première observation d'un cas de lymphadénite sur un dromadaire (Camelus dromedarius) en Lybie
Authors: Moustafa A.M.
Published: February 2021

Les signes cliniques de la lymphadénite ont été recherchés sur le dromadaire en Libye. Quatre animaux, âgés de 6 à 8 ans, ont présenté de l'innapétence, avec amaigrissement et anémie légère. La maladie était caractérisée par un gonflement et un abcès des ganglions lymphatiques cervicaux inférieurs, à la base du cou. Corynebacteriurn pyogenes s'est révélé être l'agent causal de cette affection.
Epidémiologie descriptive de la theileriose bovine à Theileria annulata en Mauritanie, Afrique de l'Ouest sub-saharienne
Authors: Jacquiet Philippe , Colas François , Cheikh D. , Thiam E. , Ly B.A.
Published: February 2021

La theilériose à Theileria annulata est de découverte récente en Mauritanie. Une étude épidémiologique en saison sèche a permis de mieux préciser la séroprévalence de l'infection à T. annulata et ses facteurs associés. Le sexe ne semble pas avoir d'influence, le rôle de la race n'a pas pu être clairement établi; en revanche, l'âge, l'origine géographique du troupeau et son mode de conduite ont une influence significative sur la séroprévalence. Ces résultats ont été confrontés à ceux de l'acarofaune. Hyalomma dromedarii est vraisemblablement vecteur naturel sur l'ensemble du territoire mauritanien. Cependant, là où l'acarofaune est la plus diversifiée (basse vallée du fleuve Sénégal), la séroprévalence est également la plus forte. L'enquête sur l'incidence de la saison des pluies réalisée dans la basse vallée du fleuve Sénégal pose la question du rôle de Rhipicephalus evertsi evertsi, strictement localisé à cette zone, et qui pourrait être responsable d'un phénomène amplificateur de la transmission. L'enquête cliniqueen saison sèche comme en saison des pluies n'a pas révélé de cas cliniques; il semble donc qu'en mauritanie une situation endémique stable se soit instaurée entre le zébu local et l'infection à T. annulata.
Suspicion d'un cas de leucémie lymphocytaire chez un dromadaire (Camelus dromedarius) dans le Sultanat d'Oman
Authors: Tageldin Mohammed H. , Al Sumry H.S. , Zakia A.M. , Fayza A.O.
Published: February 2021

Les auteurs décrivent la morphologie cellulaire sanguine dans une suspicion d'un cas de leucémie lymphocytaire chez un dromadaire. Ils discutent leurs résultats et concluent à la rareté de cette pathologie en la comparant aux résultats obtenus par l'examen de nombreux prélèvements de sang sur le chameau depuis 10 ans.
Bactéries aérobies et champignons pathogènes isolés chez les chiens errants à Trinité
Authors: Ojo M.O.
Published: February 2021

Les auteurs ont recherché la fréquence des bactéries aérobies et des champignons pathogènes chez 100 chiens errants. Les germes pathogènes les plus souvent isolés ont été Staphylococcus aureus. S. intermedius et Malassezia pachvdermatis. Aucun germe n'a été trouvé en matière de zoonose. Il est suggéré que les chiens errants ne peuvent ni maintenir, ni transmettre les germes en cause.
Etude de la prévalence des infections à trypanosomes chez différentes espèces d'animaux sauvages du parc national de la Comoé en Côte d'Ivoire : résultats préliminaires sur la comparaison de trois méthodes de diagnostic
Authors: Komoin Oka C. , Truc Philippe , Bengaly Zakaria , Formenty Pierre , Duvallet Gérard , Lauginie Francis , Raath J.P. , N'Depo A.E. , Leforban Yves
Published: February 2021

Si de nombreuses études portent sur la trypanosomoses chez les animaux domestiques, peu de rcherches ont été effectuées sur la faune sauvage d'Afrique occidentale. Les résultats préliminaires sur la comparaison de trois méthodes de dépistages des trypanosomes : le frottis de sang, la détection des antigènes circulants par le technique ELISA et l'isolement in vitro des trypanosomes par le "kit for in vitro isolation" (KIVI), chez les animaux sauvages du parc national de la Comoé en Côte d'ivoire, ont permis de confirmer l'existence de cette infection chez ces animaux sans toutefois identifier de façon précise les espèces de trypanosomes en cause. Des investigations ultérieures permettront d'affiner l'identification des souches de parasites isolées par KIVI.
Heritabilité des caractères de croissance chez des poules de race locale âgées de 6 semaines au Nigeria
Authors: Ebangi L.A. , Ibe S.N.
Published: February 2021

Les valeurs de l'héritabilité du poids corporel, de la longueur de la cuisse, de celle du bréchet et de la profondeur de la poitrine pour les poules indigènes du Nigeria âgés de 6 semaines, ont été obtenues à partir des données d'un modèle imbriqué. Cent soixante-dix poussins des deux sexes, issus de 5 coqs fécondant chacun 4 poules par insémination artificielle ont été utilisés. A l'éclosion, les poussins étaient marqués à l'aile et leur pedigree établi à partir des ascendants. Les moyennes de ces caractères étaient respectivement de 114,97 g, 3,48 cm, 3,35 cm et 3,22 cm pour le poids corporel, la longueur de la cuisse, celle du bréchet et la profondeur de la poitrine. L'héritabilité estimée à partir du père, de la mère et de la combinaison des indices de variance pour le poids corporel, la longueur de la cuisse et la profondeur de la poitrine était respectivement de 0,41, 0,66 et 0,36; 0,58, 0,14 et 0,36 et 0,58, 0,36 et 0,48. Ces mêmes valeurs, calculées à partir des parents et des indices de variance, étaient respectivement de 0,34 et 0,17 pour la longueur du bréchet. Ces résultats montrent que l'héritabilité à 6 semaines est moyenne ou élevée pour les caractères considérés.
Amélioration de la technique de dissection du tractus digestif et des glandes salivaires des glossines pour la mise en évidence des divers stades de développement des trypanosomes
Authors: Kazadi J.M.L. , Elsen P. , Jochems M. , Van Hees J. , Van Den Abbeele Jan , Kageruka P.
Published: February 2021

Les auteurs décrivent une technique améliorée de dissection de l'intestin moyen et des glandes salivaires des glossines. En ajoutant à la dissection le proventricule, la méthode permet d'obtenir un tableau plus complet du développement des trypanosomes chez la mouche infectée.
Land Acquisition for Public Interests: A Review from the Human Rights Context
Authors: Sari Yesi Nurmantiyas , Nugroho Rizal , Khanif Al
Published: February 2021

Land acquisition for public purposes is an activity intended for the public interest that uses community land. To be able to carry out development in the public interest, the government uses state land. If state land is not sufficient or cannot maximize development, the government can use land from individuals or groups by carrying out the land acquisition. In implementing land acquisition, the land acquisition team must pay attention to the rights of the people affected by land acquisition. Irregularities that often occur in the implementation of land acquisition are related to discrimination, intimidation, and violence. These rights are included in human rights, which must be upheld and protected because this is closely related to property rights. Human rights give an understanding that the right to own something is the right of every citizen, including the right to own land is one of the human rights inherent in each person per person in groups. While property rights must not be taken arbitrarily and against the law, such matters are regulated in Article 28H of the 1945 Constitution. This paper concludes that the construction activities of the New Yogyakarta International Airport (NYIA) carried out violated human rights; this is because the land acquisition team has committed violence, discrimination, and violence against the people affected by land acquisition. The form of legal protection provided by the government is proper compensation.
Revisiting the Land Conversion of the Protected Forest for the Mining Industry in Tumpang Pitu, Banyuwangi
Authors: Triatmojo Dimas Bagus , Atikah Warah , Fadhilah Nurul Laili
Published: February 2021

Indonesia is a country that has abundant natural resources, both renewable and non-renewable. The wealth of natural resources contained in the motherland can be utilized for the needs and welfare of the people of Indonesia under Article 33 paragraph (3) of the 1945 Constitution. One of the natural resources in Indonesia is forests. The government establishes a forest area as a protected forest area for a benefit that is expected by law. There is a violation of the use of protected forest areas for interests outside the forestry sector, namely the conversion of the function of protected forests used as mining land violations that are contrary to Article 38 Paragraph 4 of Law Number 41 of 1999. Mining business activities have negative impacts as well as positive impacts that arise. Mining will harm environmental conditions that can affect the social life of the community, reducing the environmental quality of the positive impact of the existence of mining business activities in an area will cause changes to the economic level, the legal basis for protecting the affected communities in the mining sector, as mandated by Article 28G Paragraph (1) and Article 28H Paragraph (1) of the 1945 Constitution.

Keywords: Transfer of Protection Forest Functions, Mining Impacts.
Comparing the Contract Between Islamic and Indonesian Laws
Authors: Puneri Atharyanshah
Published: February 2021

In the common transaction, the contract plays a crucial element made between the parties with their consent. Its importance reflects that the contract realizes the parties' agreements and the contract binds the parties mentioned in the agreements. This study aims to review the contract law by analyzing the law of contract from two different laws, which are Islamic and Indonesian laws. This study finds some similarities and differences between Islamic and Indonesian laws when they come to governing contracts. Every contract in Islamic law must comply with sharia aspects, and the law derived from the Quran and Hadith. Meanwhile, based on Indonesian law, a contract can be deemed legal when it complies with the requirements stated in Article 1320 Indonesian Civil Code, and every Contract in Indonesian Law comes and is derived from the Indonesian Civil Code.

KEYWORDS: contract law, Islamic law, Indonesian law.
Implicações da imunocastração na nutrição de suínos e nas características de carcaça
Authors: Martins P. C. , Albuquerque M. P. , Machado I. P. , Mesquita A. A.
Published: February 2021

Na castração imunológica, vacinas contendo um GnRH modificado conjugado a uma proteína induzem a formação de anticorpos direcionados contra o GnRH. O objetivo desta revisão é esclarecer o que é a imunocastração e abordar os principais efeitos desta prática sobre o consumo de ração e exigências nutricionais de suínos. A vacina é capaz de reduzir as concentrações de escatol e androsterona em suínos machos inteiros, diminui a incidência de brigas e tem efeito direto sobre a nutrição destes animais. O macho imunocastrado é uma categoria que se comporta como macho inteiro no início e como macho castrado após a aplicação da segunda dose da vacina, conduzindo à necessidade de adequação das estratégias nutricionais e esta nova realidade. Imunocastrados respondem bem ao aumento dos níveis de lisina na dieta, apresentam maior ganho médio diário de peso, maior rendimento de carcaça e de carne magra e diminuição do toucinho. A ractopamina, um aditivo modificador do metabolismo, tem sido utilizada pelos sistemas intensivos de produção, em associação à castração imu-nológica, por melhorar o crescimento, aumentar a massa magra e reduzir a deposição de tecido adiposo. São precisos estudos que definam corretamente as exigências nutricionais do imunocastrado, que também possam adequar os níveis nutricionais das dietas contendo ractopamina para esta categoria.
3D-Modeling for Life Cycle of the Structure
Authors: Leonovich S. N. , Riachi J.
Published: February 2021

Owners and construction management are in permanent search to increase competitiveness, reduce cost and time and maintain a high quality of products and services. In this objective project management tend to organize work execution by implementing comprehensive, linked and sequential processes, making full use of every work effort and limiting work duplication and rework. Since the ’90s, the 3D-modeling is used to coordinate, plan, build and manage future structures. The BIM approach proposes to stakeholders to participate in an intelligent centrally shared 3D-model making use of every contribution to this model, facilitating the coordination, solving the interfaces, reducing duplication efforts and carrying the developed data information throughout the life cycle of the structure and beyond the construction phase. Completing a complex structure requires an important level of design management and coordination of the interface between architect, designer, mechanic, electrician, and other designers. Basic input is required from equipment suppliers. Now, for a good reason, everyone in charge of the process is focused on achieving their process with less cost and less time. Thus, he inadvertently reduces the effort associated with surrounding or subsequent actions, and focuses on his main result. For example, structural engineering developing a 3D-model will focus on clean structural design focusing on structural continuity, geometry identification, and calculation model for finite elements of software. Likewise, a mechanical engineer will model plumbing and mechanical networks for fabrication and installation purposes. It is the same with other design disciplines.
Solid Fuel Based on Waste of Low-Utilized Combustible Energy Resources
Authors: Khroustalev B. M. , Pekhota A. N. , Nguyen Nga Thuy , Vu Phap Minh
Published: February 2021

The paper presents main trends in growth and generation of waste, depending on increase of world GDP and the population of the planet. The main directions in extending the concept of national strategies for sustainable development have been considered with due account of energy and resource conservation problems, as well as the need for the rational use of natural and secondary resources in all countries of the world community. The energy potential use of combustible waste that has not found technological application is considered by many countries as one of the priority areas in the field of unconventional energy. The paper describes the main directions in application of the technology for briquetting multicomponent compositions into solid fuel. The developed production technology makes it possible to process waste products by briquetting them with the addition of various binders, and on the example of a binder component in the form of viscous hydrocarbon-containing waste, the main technological features of obtaining solid multicomponent fuel are presented in the paper. The paper describes the equipment for electrohydraulic treatment, which operates as a part of the preparation line for briquetting of the applied oily waste and that allows to reduce the sulphur content in the waste used, and such approach in general permits to regulate the environmental characteristics of harmful substance emissions at the maximum acceptable level. Taking into account the application aspects of the technology for wet briquetting of materials, the paper reflects the main results of the obtained dependences of humidity on productivity according to the content of the binder component. The proposed algorithm for solving the problem makes it possible to rationally use of substandard combustible industrial waste to obtain a multicomponent solid fuel, while at the production stage, the energy and environmental aspects of the resulting fuel are taken into account  with due consideration of the component composition of the fuel.