bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
O conhecimento metalinguístico, os enquadramentos da construção dos significados nos textos e o ensino de língua portuguesa
Authors: GERHARDT Ana Flávia Lopes Magela
Published: May 2015

Propõe-se o conceito de enquadramentos da construção dos significados nos textos, referentes às dimensões das experiências comunicativas das pessoas, manifestadas na estrutura léxico-gramatical dos textos: gênero, registro, teor, campo e modalidade. Observam-se esses enquadramentos na análise de uma redação dissertativo-argumentativa que não corresponde a nenhuma das expectativas esperadas para a natureza do material solicitado pela proposta de escritura. O mesmo texto é apresentado a 80 alunos do Ensino Médio, e a observação dos seus comentários revela a qualidade dos seus conhecimentos metalinguísticos: a compreensão dos níveis de análise linguística limitada à palavra; a percepção do registro, mas não dos outros enquadramentos; a limitação aos aspectos lineares-superficiais e rudimentares do texto: ortografia, pontuação etc., e a visão do texto na sua dimensão língua-objeto, e não metalinguagem. A análise suscita observações acerca das condições atuais do ensino de língua materna no Brasil em termos dos saberes escolares que os alunos têm construído sobre a linguagem.
DEFININDO UM OPERADOR-MONSTRO
Authors: TEIXEIRA Lovania Roehrig , BASSO Renato Miguel
Published: May 2015

O presente artigo revê a literatura relacionada a um tipo particular de operador, supostamente presente em línguas naturais, chamado de “operador-monstro”. Esse operador tem a característica de poder mudar o contexto de avaliação de itens indexicais sob seu escopo. Sua existência foi inicialmente negada por Kaplan (1989), em seu famoso texto sobre a semântica dos itens indexicais, e, posteriormente, autores como Schlenker (2003) e Anand (2006) argumentaram que tais operadores de fato existem em línguas naturais, com base tanto em dados de línguas indo-europeias quanto de outras famílias linguísticas. Contudo, analisando com cuidado a literatura, é possível notar, nos vários autores que se debruçaram sobre o tema, diferentes definições desse operador. Neste artigo, após apresentar o conceito de operador-monstro conforme postulado por Kaplan (1989) e defender sua existência com base em dados do português brasileiro (PB), argumentamos a favor de uma definição para esse operador que seja ampla, nas linhas daquela primeiramente proposta por Kaplan (1989). Os dados do PB serão crucias para defender nossa posição.
ESTABELECIMENTO DO CONTRASTE ENTRE AS FRICATIVAS POR CRIANÇAS COM TRANSTORNO FONOLÓGICO: MANIPULAÇÃO DE PISTAS ACÚSTICAS
Authors: CORRÊA Alessandra Pagliuso dos Santos , BERTI Larissa
Published: May 2015

O presente trabalho versa sobre a presença de contrastes encobertos na fala de crianças com transtorno fonológico. A hipótese perseguida é a de que as crianças com transtorno fonológico se ancoram em pistas acústicas secundárias na tentativa de estabelecer contrastes fônicos da língua. Para tanto, foram utilizadas cinco gravações em áudio, advindas de cinco crianças entre 4 e 5 anos com transtorno fonológico, que apresentavam as chamadas “substituições fônicas” envolvendo a classe de sons das fricativas. Os dados foram editados e analisados com o uso do software PRAAT. Foi realizada uma transcrição fonética da primeira repetição (R1) de cada criança, por três juízes, e considerada a concordância de 66%. A partir dessa transcrição, foi realizada a análise fonológica contrastiva acústica de todas as “substituições” envolvendo a classe de sons das fricativas, a partir de seis parâmetros. Verificou-se a existência de contrastes encobertos nas produções tidas como homófonas auditivamente, representando um total de 54% do total das “substituições” identificadas pelos juízes. As crianças com transtorno fonológico ancoram-se preferencialmente em pistas acústicas secundárias na tentativa de distinguir os fones fricativos. Os dados obtidos neste estudo permitem reflexão acerca da importância de se considerar o detalhe fonético no interior dos modelos fonológicos.
Consumption of ultra-processed foods and their impact on the diet of young adults
Authors: Bielemann Renata M , Motta Janaína V Santos , Minten Gicele C , Horta Bernardo L , Gigante Denise P
Published: May 2015

OBJECTIVE To evaluate the consumption of ultra-processed foods, its associated factors, and its influence on nutrient intake in young adults.METHODS In 2004-2005, the individuals belonging to the Pelotas birth cohort of 1982 were identified for a home interview. A total of 4,297 individuals were interviewed and 4,202 individuals were included in the study (follow-up rate of 77.4%). Diet was assessed using a questionnaire on dietary intake and the percentage of daily caloric intake attributed to ultra-processed foods as well as the intake of macro- and micronutrients were estimated. The association between cohort characteristics and the consumption of ultra-processed foods was assessed using linear regression. Analysis of variance and Pearson’s Chi-square test were used to evaluate the association between the quintiles of the consumption of ultra-processed food, nutrient intake and adequacy of nutrient intake, respectively.RESULTS The consumption of ultra-processed foods corresponded to 51.2% of the total caloric intake. The consumption of ultra-processed foods was higher among women, individuals with higher education, and individuals who were never poor and eutrophic. The increased consumption of ultra-processed foods was positively correlated with the consumption of fat, cholesterol, sodium, iron, calcium, and calories (p < 0.001) and was negatively correlated with the consumption of carbohydrates, protein, and dietary fiber (p < 0.001).CONCLUSIONS The high consumption of ultra-processed foods and its positive correlation with the intake of sodium, cholesterol, and fats underscores the need to perform interventions aimed at decreasing the intake of this food group.
Nociones de justicia, legalidad y legitimidad de las normas entre jóvenes de cinco países de América Latina
Authors: Mendoza Arturo Alvarado
Published: May 2015

Varios países de América Latina se han visto involucrados en una guerra muy violenta contra las drogas, las pandillas y el crimen organizado. Los gobiernos y las élites latinoamericanas han implementado una serie de reformas institucionales cuestionables a la justicia y los sistemas jurídicos en su intento de no promulgar esta "guerra". Esta aplicación ha sido corroída por la incapacidad de las mismas élites de realizar y respetar estas normas, ya que existe una fuerte corrupción y la impunidad entre ellos. Su comportamiento tiene un fuerte impacto en las expectativas de los ciudadanos, en su percepción de la impunidad, la corrupción y los valores de la democracia y el Estado de Derecho. En medio de estas batallas, la población juvenil ha sido blanco de ataques o culpado por los principales delitos que se haya cometido efectivamente por los diferentes actores armados legales. Una cuestión es la creciente participación de los jóvenes en asumido estas actividades ilegales. Otra cuestión es la de menores su socialización en las normas jurídicas, su consentimiento y reconocimiento.
A gestão da vida e da segurança pública no Brasil
Authors: Lima Renato Sérgio de , Sinhoretto Jacqueline , Bueno Samira
Published: May 2015

O presente artigo busca, a partir da análise de uma série de evidências empíricas e de dados disponíveis, construir um panorama atualizado da área e, com isso, reforçar uma narrativa acerca da atual configuração da segurança pública no país que identifica os sentidos das fortes disputas pelo significado de lei, ordem e segurança pública, bem como interpreta os rumos e as opções institucionais em torno de como o Estado tem administrado os conflitos sociais da sociedade brasileira contemporânea. Narrativa essa que, em síntese, defende que há um forte hiato entre os princípios democráticos inaugurados com a Constituição de 1988 e as práticas institucionais das polícias, dos ministérios públicos e do Judiciário, que, paradoxalmente, delegam às polícias militares a gestão da vida da população e pouco avançam na sua valorização como princípio basilar a organizar suas práticas e procedimentos.
Decolonialidade e interseccionalidade emancipadora: a organização política das trabalhadoras domésticas no Brasil
Authors: Bernardino-Costa Joaze
Published: May 2015

No momento em que se discute a ampliação de direitos das trabalhadoras domésticas no Brasil, este artigo traz para o centro das discussões o protagonismo das organizações políticas das trabalhadoras domésticas. Baseado em entrevistas realizadas com trabalhadoras domésticas, o artigo busca compreender as razões das desigualdades sociais que incidem sobre esta categoria profissional. Para tanto, argumenta-se que a colonialidade do poder e a interseccionalidade de gênero, classe e raça são fatores estruturais e dinâmicos capazes de explicar tal fenômeno. Por outro lado, argumenta-se também que as trabalhadoras domésticas, ao longo da história, têm articulado um movimento social em diálogo com os movimentos negros, sindicais e feministas e outros atores sociais que permite apresentarem um projeto decolonial. A este diálogo e articulação com movimentos classista-sindicais, movimentos negros e movimentos feminista dá-se o nome de interseccionalidade emancipadora. O artigo conclui constatando que a cada avanço legal desta categoria profissional o movimento político organizado das trabalhadoras doméstica tem estado presente.
Dinheiro, profissão e partido: a vitória na eleição para deputado federal no Brasil em 2010
Authors: Cervi Emerson Urizzi , Costa Luiz Domingos , Codato Adriano , Perissinotto Renato
Published: May 2015

A partir de banco de dados com 4.124 candidatos à Câmara dos Deputados nas eleições de 2010, este artigo avalia o peso das variáveis "ocupação", "tipo de partido político" e "financiamento das campanhas" no desempenho eleitoral dos competidores a uma cadeira no legislativo federal. O artigo conclui que pertencer a partidos políticos grandes e organizados, ter experiência política prévia (especialmente na própria Câmara dos Deputados) e possuir alta capacidade de arrecadação de recursos financeiros são condições fundamentais para determinar o sucesso eleitoral do candidato. Tais dados apontam para a profissionalização dos quadros eleitos no Brasil e para a crescente institucionalização do universo político nacional.
Da obediência ao consentimento: reflexões sobre o experimento de Milgram à luz das instituições modernas
Authors: Dahia Sandra Leal de Melo
Published: May 2015

O objetivo do presente ensaio é fornecer uma leitura sobre os resultados do clássico experimento de Stanley Milgram em torno da obediência à autoridade a partir de algumas categorias extraídas dos estudos teóricos do sociólogo Anthony Giddens e da filósofa Hannah Arendt. O texto está estruturado em torno de dois aspectos centrais. O primeiro afirma o contexto das tendências culturais e as características das instituições modernas como fatores decisivos para a compreensão dos resultados experimentais. Enfatiza, para tanto, a modalidade de confiança que os sistemas sociais, como os sistemas peritos, instauram na vida hodierna, capaz de produzir uma peculiar subordinação ao conhecimento científico e técnico, concomitante a uma plena desinformação sobre seus princípios de funcionamento. O segundo aspecto do artigo visa realçar a importância da responsabilidade moral dos sujeitos experimentais, propondo, com base nas reflexões de Hannah Arendt, o deslocamento do eixo central da análise do experimento da categoria obediência para a categoria consentimento.
O Brasil e a reforma do Conselho de Segurança: uma análise realista
Authors: Mendes Flávio Pedroso
Published: May 2015

O governo brasileiro tem definido a busca por uma reforma do Conselho de Segurança como um dos principais pontos de sua agenda de política externa há pelo menos vinte anos. O presente artigo se propõe a analisar de maneira crítica e teoricamente informada o argumento que legitima esta demanda, tentando responder amplamente a duas questões: (i) em que medida a configuração sistêmica no pós-Guerra Fria corresponde às expectativas dos defensores da reforma?; e (ii) dada a real estrutura de poder do sistema internacional contemporâneo, uma expansão do Conselho de Segurança traria maior efetividade ao sistema de segurança coletiva baseado na ONU?
Organização da fala-em-interação: o dispositivo para o gerenciamento de fala sobreposta na conversa cotidiana em dados de português brasileiro
Authors: Garcez Pedro de Moraes , Stein Fabíola
Published: May 2015

Resumo: Na fala-em-interação social, é comum que os participantes falem em sobreposição. Por vezes, isso se torna problemático para as suas ações, o que exige gerenciamento e resolução da fala sobreposta. Apresentam-se aqui os resultados de estudo sobre fala simultânea e o dispositivo para o seu gerenciamento em interações cotidianas em que a língua de interação é o português brasileiro. Com o intuito de verificar  se a ocorrência do fenômeno e o funcionamento do dispositivo se dão conforme a descrição seminal feita por Schegloff (2000a), que tem como base dados de conversa entre falantes de inglês norte-americano, dois encontros entre três participantes conversando em português brasileiro foram gravados, transcritos e analisados sequencialmente sob a perspectiva teórico-metodológica da Análise da Conversa Etnometodológica (ACE). Após revisão, à luz da análise dos nossos dados, dos principais aspectos de ocorrência de fala sobreposta não problemática, bem como de fala sobreposta problemática e seu gerenciamento, conclui-se que a descrição de Schegloff (2000a) aplica-se aos dados de conversa em português brasileiro examinados.Palavras-chave: Conversa; Fala-em-interação; Sobreposição; Interrupção; Tomada de turnos.Abstract: Overlapping talk is a common occurrence in talk-in-interaction, even if at times participants may find it problematic while carrying out their actions, and will thus work to manage and resolve it.  Results are reported here of an investigation of overlapping talk and the overlap management/resolution device component of turntaking for ordinary conversation in Brazilian Portuguese. With the aim of verifying the adequacy of Schegloff’s (2000a) description of such phenomena, which was based on conversation among speakers of American English, two encounters among three participants having conversations in Brazilian Portuguese were recorded, transcribed andanalyzed following conversation analytic methods. We conclude that Schegloff’s (2000a) description of overlapping talk and the overlap management/resolution device applies to our Brazilian Portuguese conversation data.Keywords: Conversation; Talk-in-Interaction; Overlap; Interruption; TurnTaking.
O uso de parafraseamento na escrita pelos surdos
Authors: Andrade Wagner Teobaldo Lopes de , Aguiar Marígia Ana de Moura , Madeiro Francisco
Published: May 2015

Resumo: Os surdos têm dificuldade em desenvolver a oralidade, e a escrita apresenta-se como uma importante forma de comunicação desses sujeitos. Em se tratando de escrita, as marcas de oralidade estão diretamente relacionadas à coesão textual. Este estudo objetivou investigar a ocorrência de parafraseamentos, uma das principais marcas de oralidade, na escrita de surdos. Surdos oralizados e não-oralizados, além de ouvintes, responderam a um questionário e tiveram sua escrita analisada quantitativa e qualitativamente. Foi verificada a realização de parafraseamentos pelos surdos oralizados e ouvintes. Conclui-se que a relação oralidade/escrita ocorre apenas nos sujeitos que possuem oralidade (surdos oralizados e ouvintes).Palavras-chave: Surdez; Oralidade; Língua de Sinais; Escrita.Abstract: The deaf have difficulty in developing speech and written language plays an important role in their communication. As for written language, oral cues exert a strong role in textual cohesion. This research aimed to investigate the occurrence of paraphrases, one of the main oral cues known in the literature, in the writing of the deaf. Oralized deaf individuals, non-oralized-deaf individuals and listeners answered a questionnaire in order to have the oral marks analyzed both on quantitative and qualitative grounds. The results showed the use of paraphrases by oralized-deaf individuals and listeners. It was concluded that speaking/writing relation occurs only in people who develop orality (oralized-deaf individuals and listeners).Keywords: Deafness; Orality; Sign Language; Writing.
Teletandem: enfoque na forma e o desenvolvimento do professor de língua estrangeira
Authors: Fernandes Aline Mara , Telles João Antonio
Published: May 2015

Resumo: Teletandem é um contexto virtual, autônomo e colaborativo, com webcam (imagem, voz e texto), no qual dois estudantes ajudam um ao outro na aprendizagem de suas respectivas línguas nativas (ou de proficiência), por meio da colaboração intercultural e lingüística online. Neste trabalho, voltamos nossa atenção para episódios com enfoque na forma durante uma interação de teletandem em português. Os participantes foram uma aluna brasileira (professora pré-serviço de inglês) e seu parceiro americano (um aluno universitário de português). A análise dessa interação consistiu na procura de episódios incidentais com enfoque na forma (aqueles que surgiam a partir de conversa espontânea ou que não eram previamente definidos pelos parceiros de teletandem). A análise revelou (a) a prevalência do enfoque na forma centrado no léxico, e (b) quatorze ações colaborativas entre os parceiros que proporcionaram momentos de explicações sobre vocabulário. Concluímos o trabalho com uma discussão acerca do uso da metalinguagem pelos professores; no caso deste estudo, ao ensinarem Português como Língua Estrangeira.Palavras-chave: Enfoque na forma; Formação de professores de línguas; Teletandem; Português-língua estrangeira.Abstract: Teletandem is a virtual autonomous webcam-based context (image, voice and text), where two students help each other learn their native (or other) language through intercultural and linguistic collaboration. In this paper, we turned our attention to episodes of focus on form during a teletandem interaction in Portuguese. The participants were a Brazilian student (a pre-service teacher of English) and her American teletandem partner (a university student of Portuguese). The analysis of this interaction consisted in looking for focus on form episodes that were incidental (they emerged from conversation spontaneously or they were not previously defined by the teletandem partners). The analysis revealed (a) the prevalence of the focus on form concerning lexicon treatment; and (b) fourteen collaborative actions that provided moments of vocabulary explanation between the partners. We conclude with a discussion on teachers’ use of metalanguage; in the case of this study, when teaching Portuguese as a foreign language.Keywords: Focus on form; Teletandem; Foreign language teacher development; Portuguese as a foreign language.
Getting a MOVE ON (Mobilization of Vulnerable Elderly in Ontario Project): Ontario’s Solution to Senior Immobility and Functional Decline during Hospitalization
Authors: Whelan Alexander
Published: May 2015

There is a need to make Ontario hospitals more senior friendly, since hospitalization can put seniors at risk for unnecessary long-term functional decline. To achieve this end, the Council of Academic Hospitals in Ontario (CAHO) has recently introduced the Mobilization of Vulnerable Elders in Ontario project (MOVE ON), with the goal of improving mobility in hospitalized seniors. This article explains the evidence supporting early mobilization of seniors, while outlining the MOVE ON project and exploring the potential barriers to early mobility programs.
Medicine & Humanities at University of Ottawa’s Faculty of Medicine: Developing a curriculum for our undergraduate medical education program
Authors: Hall Pippa
Published: May 2015

None required
MB Distribution and its application using maximum entropy approach
Authors: Bhadra Suman , Majumder Sanat
Published: May 2015

Maxwell Boltzmann distribution with maximum entropy approach has been used to
study the variation of political temperature and heat in a locality. We have
observed that the political temperature rises without generating any
political heat when political parties increase their attractiveness by
intense publicity, but voters do not shift their loyalties. It has also been
shown that political heat is generated and political entropy increases with
political temperature remaining constant when parties do not change their
attractiveness, but voters shift their loyalties (to more attractive
parties).
History of the medical licensing examination (uieop) in Korea’s Goryeo Dynasty (918-1392)
Authors: Lee Kyung-Lock
Published: May 2015

This article aims to describe the training and medical licensing system (uieop) for becoming a physician officer (uigwan) during Korea’s Goryeo Dynasty (918-1392). In the Goryeo Dynasty, although no license was necessary to provide medical services to the common people, there was a licensing examination to become a physician officer. No other national licensing system for healthcare professionals existed in Korea at that time. The medical licensing examination was administered beginning in 958. Physician officers who passed the medical licensing examination worked in two main healthcare institutions: the Government Hospital (Taeuigam) and Pharmacy for the King (Sangyakguk). The promotion and expansion of medical education differed depending on the historical period. Until the reign of King Munjong (1046-1083), medical education as a path to licensure was encouraged in order to increase the number of physician officers qualifying for licensure by examination; thus, the number of applicants sitting for the examination increased. However, in the late Goryeo Dynasty, after the officer class of the local authorities (hyangri) showed a tendency to monopolize the examination, the Goryeo government limited the examination applications by this group. The medical licensing examination was divided into two parts: medicine and ‘feeling the pulse and acupuncture’ (jugeumeop). The Goryeo Dynasty followed the Chinese Dang Dynasty’s medical system while also taking a strong interest in the Chinese Song Dynasty’s ideas about medicine.
Improving Hearing Performance for Cochlear Implant Recipients with Use of a Digital, Wireless, Remote-Microphone, Audio-Streaming Accessory
Authors: Wolfe Jace , Morais Mila , Schafer Erin
Published: May 2015

Background:Cochlear implant (CI) recipients experience difficulty understanding speech in noise. Remote-microphone technology that improves the signal-to-noise ratio is recognized as an effective means to improve speech recognition in noise; however, there are no published studies
evaluating the potential benefits of a wireless, remote-microphone, digital, audio-streaming accessory device (heretofore referred to as a remote-microphone accessory) designed to deliver audio signals directly to a CI sound processor.Purpose:The objective of this study was to compare
speech recognition in quiet and in noise of recipients while using their CI alone and with a remote-microphone accessory.Research Design:A two-way repeated measures design was used to evaluate performance differences obtained in quiet and in increasing levels of competing noise with
the CI sound processor alone and with the sound processor paired to the remote microphone accessory.Study Sample:Sixteen users of Cochlear Nucleus 24 Freedom, CI512, and CI422 implants were included in the study.Data Collection and Analysis:Participants were evaluated in 14 conditions
including use of the sound processor alone and with the remote-microphone accessory in quiet and at the following signal levels: 65 dBA speech (at the location of the participant; 85 dBA at the location of the remote microphone) in quiet and competing noise at 50, 55, 60, 65, 70, and 75 dBA
noise levels. Speech recognition was evaluated in each of these conditions with one full list of AzBio sentences.Results:Speech recognition in quiet and in all competing noise levels, except the 75 dBA condition, was significantly better with use of the remote-microphone accessory compared
with participants’ performance with the CI sound processor alone. As expected, in all technology conditions, performance was significantly poorer as the competing noise level increased.Conclusions:Use of a remote-microphone accessory designed for a CI sound processor provides
superior speech recognition in quiet and in noise when compared with performance obtained with the CI sound processor alone.
Canada
Authors:   Natural Resources Canada
Published: May 2015

This map (MCR 102) is the latest publication in the Atlas of Canada Reference Map Series. It is an update to the 1:6 000 000 paper map of Canada published in 2006. International, provincial and territorial boundaries and the 200-mile offshore Exclusive Economic
Zone (EEZ) are featured on the map. All the national parks and reserves are shown including the Nááts'ihch'oh National Park Reserve of Canada, Northwest Territories, and Sable Island National Park Reserve of Canada, Nova Scotia, two of the most recently established parks. Major roads,
railways and ferry routes are also depicted with the Trans-Canada Highway clearly represented across Canada from the Atlantic to the Pacific coasts. Many of the major physiographic and hydrographic features are labelled providing necessary points of reference in less populated areas of the country.
The map uses a vertical near-side perspective projection, which provides a unique three-dimensional view of Canada. Most data are current to the period 2010 to 2013.
Improving disaster risk reduction capacity of District Civil Protection Units in managing veld fires: A case of Mangwe District in Matabeleland South Province, Zimbabwe
Authors: Dube Ernest
Published: May 2015

This article analysed disaster risk reduction capacity of District Civil Protection Units (DCPUs) in managing veld fires in Mangwe District of Matabeleland South Province, Zimbabwe. Veld fires have resulted in unnecessary material, environmental and economic losses. Communities’ livelihoods and property have been destroyed, and the natural environment depleted. The research sought to improve disaster risk reduction capacity of DCPUs in managing veld fires, through new intervention strategies and a new model. The objectives of the study were to investigate the main causes of veld fires; to analyse their impacts; to examine the effectiveness of the current intervention strategies; and to identify challenges in implementing these interventions. Furthermore, the study sought to recommend new possible intervention strategies. This mainly qualitative study employed self-administered questionnaires, interviews and focus-group discussions. Questionnaires were used to investigate members of the DCPU’s ideas, views and experiences, interviews solicited perceptions of community leaders and their subjects, whilst focus-group discussions assisted with information from members of the District Civil Protection Planning Committee. Veld fires in the district are mainly caused by human activities, and they are prevalent during the months of September and October. They affect livelihoods and the natural environment the most. This study found that DCPUs are not prepared to manage veld fires and therefore recommended new strategies and adoption of the community-based disaster risk reduction model. The new strategies include involving community leaders and members of the communities in DCPUs; regular training and workshops to members of DCPUs on veld fire management; creation of fire protection associations; regular campaigns and rehearsal of emergency drills by the DCPU personnel; the introduction of competitions and incentives in veld fire management; vigorous public education on the erection of proper fireguards around homes, cattle pens, crop fields and vegetable gardens; and the imposition of stiffer penalties for carelessly or deliberately causing veld fires. Policy-makers, governments and stakeholders would benefit from the new intervention strategies. The community-based disaster risk reduction model would benefit researchers and disaster risk reduction practitioners.
Development and validation of a managerial decision making self-efficacy questionnaire
Authors: Myburgh Wim , Watson Mark B. , Foxcroft Cheryl D.
Published: May 2015

Orientation: Self-efficacy beliefs, given their task-specific nature, are likely to influence managers’ perceived decision-making competence depending on fluctuations in their nature and strength as non-ability contributors. Research purpose: The present research describes the conceptualisation, design and measurement of managerial decision-making self-efficacy. Motivation for the study: The absence of a domain-specific measure of the decision-making self-efficacy of managers was the motivation for the development of the Managerial Decisionmaking Self-efficacy Questionnaire (MDMSEQ). Research approach, design and method: A cross-sectional study was conducted on a nonprobability convenience sample of managers from various organisations in South Africa. Statistical analysis focused on the construct validity and reliability of items through exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis to test the factorial validity of the measure. Main findings: The research offers confirmatory validation of the factorial structure of the MDMSEQ. The results of two studies involving 455 (Study 1, n = 193; Study 2, n = 292) experienced managers evidenced a multidimensional structure and demonstrated respectable subscale internal consistencies. Findings also demonstrated that the MDMSEQ shared little common variance with confidence and problem-solving self-efficacy beliefs. In addition, several model fit indices suggested a reasonable to good model fit for the measurement model. Practical/managerial implications: The findings have implications for practical applications in employment selection and development with regard to managerial decision-making. Absence of the assessment of self-efficacy beliefs may introduce systematic, non-performance related variance into managerial decision-making outcomes in spite of abilities that managers possess. Contribution/value-add: Research on the volition-undermining effect of self-efficacy beliefs has been remarkably prominent, but despite this there are few appropriate measures that can be applied to managers as decision makers in organisations.
Brain Metastases from Breast Cancer and Response to Treatment with Eribulin: A Case Series
Authors: Chang Alex Y. , Ying Xu Xiao
Published: May 2015

Brain metastases are common in patients with advanced breast cancer (BC), causing considerable morbidity and mortality. Eribulin is a microtubule dynamics inhibitor approved for treating certain patients with metastatic BC, previously treated with an anthracycline and a taxane. In the 301 phase 3 study in 1102 women with advanced BC, eribulin and capecitabine treatments did not differ for co-primary endpoints (overall survival [OS]: 15.9 vs 14.5 months, P = 0.056; progression-free survival [PFS]: 4.1 vs 4.2 months, P = 0.30). Here, we report outcomes for six patients (eribulin, n = 3; capecitabine, n = 3) who had received treatment for brain metastases from BC (BCBM) at baseline. All eribulin-treated patients experienced brain lesion shrinkage at some point during treatment, compared with one capecitabine-treated patient. Fewer patients in study 301 developed new BCBM with eribulin (13/544, 2.4%) compared with capecitabine (25/546, 4.6%). Eribulin does not cross the healthy blood–brain barrier (BBB), but could have the potential to do so after cranial radiation therapy. Capecitabine may cross the BBB and has demonstrated activity in BCBM. Data from these patients and previous cases suggest that further investigation of eribulin for BCBM may be warranted.
Identifying CDKN3 Gene Expression as a Prognostic Biomarker in Lung Adenocarcinoma via Meta-analysis
Authors: Zang Xiao , Chen Min , Zhou Yunyun , Xiao Guanghua , Xie Yang , Wang Xinlei
Published: May 2015

Lung cancer is among the major causes of cancer deaths, and the survival rate of lung cancer patients is extremely low. Recent studies have demonstrated that the gene CDKN3 is related to neoplasia, but in the literature severe controversy exists over whether it is involved in cancer progression or, conversely, tumor inhibition. In this study, we investigated the expression of CDKN3 and its association with prognosis in lung adenocarcinoma (ADC) and squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) using datasets in Lung Cancer Explorer (LCE; http://qbrc.swmed.edu/lce/ ). We found that CDKN3 was up-regulated in ADC and SCC compared to normal tissues. We also found that CDKN3 was expressed at a higher level in SCC than in ADC, which was further validated through meta-analysis (coefficient = 2.09, 95% CI = 1.50–2.67, P < 0.0001). In addition, based on meta-analysis for the prognostic value of CDKN3, we found that higher CDKN3 expression was associated with poorer survival outcomes in ADC (HR = 1.65, 95% CI = 1.39–1.96, P < 0.0001), but not in SCC (HR = 1.10, 95% CI = 0.84–1.44, P = 0.494). Our findings indicate that CDKN3 maybe a prognostic marker in ADC, though the detailed mechanism is yet to be revealed.
TRUFA: A User-Friendly Web Server for de novo RNA-seq Analysis Using Cluster Computing
Authors: Kornobis Etienne , Cabellos Luis , Aguilar Fernando , Frías-López Cristina , Rozas Julio , Marco Jesús , Zardoya Rafael
Published: May 2015

Application of next-generation sequencing (NGS) methods for transcriptome analysis (RNA-seq) has become increasingly accessible in recent years and are of great interest to many biological disciplines including, eg, evolutionary biology, ecology, biomedicine, and computational biology. Although virtually any research group can now obtain RNA-seq data, only a few have the bioinformatics knowledge and computation facilities required for transcriptome analysis. Here, we present TRUFA (TRanscriptome User-Friendly Analysis), an open informatics platform offering a web-based interface that generates the outputs commonly used in de novo RNA-seq analysis and comparative transcriptomics. TRUFA provides a comprehensive service that allows performing dynamically raw read cleaning, transcript assembly, annotation, and expression quantification. Due to the computationally intensive nature of such analyses, TRUFA is highly parallelized and benefits from accessing high-performance computing resources. The complete TRUFA pipeline was validated using four previously published transcriptomic data sets. TRUFA's results for the example datasets showed globally similar results when comparing with the original studies, and performed particularly better when analyzing the green tea dataset. The platform permits analyzing RNA-seq data in a fast, robust, and user-friendly manner. Accounts on TRUFA are provided freely upon request at https://trufa.ifca.es .
Emergency Department Visits Involving Misuse and Abuse of the Antipsychotic Quetiapine: Results from the Drug Abuse Warning Network (DAWN)
Authors: Mattson Margaret E. , Albright Victoria A. , Yoon Joanna , Council Carol L.
Published: May 2015

Case reports in medical literature suggest that the atypical antipsychotic quetiapine, a medication not previously considered to have abuse potential, is now being subject to misuse and abuse (MUA; ie, taken when not prescribed for them or used in a way other than instructed by their health professional). Here we present systematic, nationally representative data from the 2005 to 2011 Drug Abuse Warning Network (DAWN) for prevalence of emergency department (ED) visits among the U.S. general population involving quetiapine and related to MUA, suicide attempts, and adverse reactions. Nationally, quetiapine-related ED visits increased 90% between 2005 and 2011, from 35,581 ED visits to 67,497. DAWN data indicate that when used without medical supervision for recreational/self-medication purposes, quetiapine poses health risks for its users, especially among polydrug users and women. These findings suggest that the medical and public health communities should increase vigilance concerning this drug and its potential for MUA.
Exact Morphism Category and Gorenstein-projective Representations
Authors: Luo Xiu-Hua
Published: May 2015

Let Q be a finite acyclic quiver, let J be an ideal of kQ generated by all arrows in Q, and let A be a finite-dimensional k-algebra. The category of all finite-dimensional representations of (Q, J2) over A is denoted by rep(Q, J2, A). In this paper, we introduce the category exa(Q, J2, A), which is a subcategory of rep (Q, J2, A) of all exact representations. The main result of this paper explicitly describes the Gorenstein-projective representations in rep(Q, J2, A), via the exact representations plus an extra condition. As a corollary, A is a self-injective algebra if and only if the Gorensteinprojective representations are exactly the exact representations of (Q, J2) over A.
О топологии устойчивых лагранжевых отображений с особенностями типов $A$ и $D$
Authors: Sedykh Vyacheslav Dmitrievich
Published: May 2015

Изучается топология примыканий мультиособенностей в образе устойчивого лагранжева отображения с особенностями типов $A_\mu^\pm$ и $D_\mu^\pm$. Доказано, в частности, что каждая связная компонента
многообразия мультиособенностей любого фиксированного типа $A_{\mu_1}^{\pm}\dotsb A_{\mu_p}^{\pm}$ у ростка образа лагранжева отображения с моноособенностью типа $D_\mu^\pm$ либо стягиваема, либо
гомотопически эквивалентна окружности. Для всех типов мультиособенностей вычислено количество связных компонент каждого вида. В качестве следствия получены новые условия сосуществования лагранжевых особенностей.
Библиография: 13 наименований.
Критерий наилучшего равномерного приближения наипростейшими дробями в терминах альтернанса
Authors: Komarov Mikhail Anatol'evich
Published: May 2015

Рассматривается задача о наилучшем равномерном приближении непрерывных вещественных функций $f$ наипростейшими дробями порядка не выше $n$ на отрезке $S$ действительной оси.
Получены аналоги классических полиномиальных теорем Чебышева и Валле-Пуссена. Доказано, что вещественнозначная наипростейшая дробь $R_n$ порядка $n$, полюсы которой лежат вне круга, имеющего диаметром отрезок $S$, является наипростейшей дробью наилучшего приближения $f$ в том и только в том случае, когда для разности $f-R_n$ на $S$ имеется чебышевский альтернанс из $n+1$ точек. При этом $R_n$ - единственная дробь наилучшего приближения. Показана точность ограничения на полюсы. Ранее
частные случаи полученных теорем формулировались разными авторами только в виде гипотез.
Библиография: 24 наименования.
La amistad cívica en Aristóteles: concordia y fraternidad
Authors: Farrés Juste Oriol
Published: May 2015

El artículo muestra la importancia de la amistad en el contexto de la filosofía política aristotélica. Esta importancia se verifica en su peso específico en comparación con la justicia, puesto que Aristóteles mismo sostiene que la amistad cívica es incluso un objetivo superior al de la búsqueda de la justicia. En concreto, el artículo se centra en la función de la concordia, como tipo especial de amistad cívica, en términos de conservación de la unidad y estabilidad de la polis. Para captar su significación, se plantea el papel de la concordia como complemento a la condición política del ser humano. La concordia es necesaria a la luz de la tendencia a la lucha entre las partes de la ciudad, entre el demos y los oligarcas. Puesto que esta lucha pone en peligro la continuidad de la polis, la concordia entre ciudadanos se convierte en un antecedente privilegiado del principio de fraternidad republicana, el cual todavía no ha gozado de una atención suficiente en el campo de la historia de la filosofía política.
Del romanticismo erudito al juicio científico: balance bibliográfico de los estudios sobre Fernando de Córdoba
Authors: Saralegui Miguel
Published: May 2015

Fernando de Córdoba es uno de los grandes pensadores españoles del siglo XV. lamentablemente su figura no ha alcanzado la atención debida entre los estudiosos dedicados al pensamiento español, lo que ha hecho que tan sólo se disponga de una edición moderna de uno de sus escritos y ninguna traducción al castellano. los méritos de su pensamiento –ya sólo la participación en la polémica entre Platón y Aristóteles a favor del primero con su Laudibus Platonis– exigen que este vacío de bibliografía primaria sea remediado. Como paso preliminar, se presenta este artículo en el que se repasan todas las aportaciones que, a lo largo de ya casi ciento cincuenta años, se han hecho sobre este autor. A pesar de su más bien escasa influencia, este examen bibliográfico muestra cómo la misma obra de Fernando de Córdoba ha sido interpretada de acuerdo a criterios externos y a debates más amplios, en los que la postura de Córdoba aparecía prejuzgada sin tener en cuenta lo transmitido en sus textos. Precisamente, el objetivo de este artículo como propedéutica para un estudio más pormenorizado de sus obras –especialmente de De iure medios exigendi fructus quos vulgo annatos dicunt et romani pontificis in temporalibus potestate– consistirá en diferenciar las aportaciones sólidas de aquellas que utilizan a Córdoba de modo interesado.
Ethische Bildung in Gesundheitssorge, Seelsorge, Lehre und Sozialer Arbeit
Authors: Wittrahm Andreas
Published: May 2015

Ethics Training in the Fields of Healthcare, Pastoral Care, Education and Social Work: In an ideologically diverse society, moral consensus is not self-evident. The values, norms, convictions, and attitudes of those working in healthcare, the social sphere, education, and pastoral care are different. It is also becoming less and less common for the organisations of these work areas and their own colleagues to have identical views. Last but not least, the often contradictory expectations of the clients or patients should also be taken into account. In these situations, the representatives of the relationship sessions, supported by those maintaining their institutions, need to learn to reflect on their own moral conceptions, to justify them, and to reach an agreement with each other. This is what we call ‘ethics training’. This ethics training has a developmental psychological aspect too, which we outline based on works by L. Kohlberg and F. Oser. In the case of relationship sessions, however, ethics training needs permanent practising and can be practised in the course of work. The model of consensual ethical decision-making was worked out by W. Heffels. This model facilitates good decisions in disputable practical situations, supports participants in developing their ethical competence, and is applicable in basic and more advanced trainings alike. The introductory phase of the ethics training taking place in a postmodern era is concluded by a review of the toolbar of on-the-spot ethical consultation.
Sport, Sense of Coherence and Self-Esteem among 16 and 17-Year-Olds
Authors: Sipos Erika , Jeges Sára , Tóth Ákos
Published: May 2015

The study investigates the health-preserving role of sports among 16 and 17-year-olds in the context of sense of coherence (SOC) and self-esteem (SES); revealing their interdependencies, it intends to contribute to discovering the protective factors of health. In Hungary’s Southern Transdanubian region, we implemented a health-sociological questionnaire survey on a 1091-person sample representing school types, during which we thoroughly researched young peoples’ sporting and physical training habits, measuring their sense of coherence with the 13-item SOC scale and their self-esteem with Rosenberg’s 10-item scale. The frequency and level of physical training in both sexes (controlled by parents’ education and work, place of residence, and school type) indicated a strong positive correlation with SOC and SES, with meaningfulness as the most significantly connected dimension of SOC. The scale values were significantly higher with boys than with girls. The survey results also mark the significance of internal motivations for sports.
Autonomy Support or Direct Control? High School Students' Experience of Their Teacher's Behaviour
Authors: Pikó Bettina , Pinczés Tamás
Published: May 2015

The main goal of the present study was to detect teacher behaviour (as perceived by students) in a sample of Hungarian high school students and to test its possible relationship with certain sociodemographic (gender) and school variables (faculty, school year, school achievement) as well as with psychological variables (self-efficacy, aggressive behaviours, and boredom). Using a sample of 385 high school students in Debrecen, a major metropolitan centre in the eastern region of Hungary (ages 15 to 20, 39.2% female), findings supported the claim that students benefit the most when teachers support their autonomy. Teachers’ autonomy-supportive behaviour was associated with decreased levels of verbal and psychic aggression, and an increased level of self-efficacy. In addition, teachers’ directly controlling behaviour was a predictor of self-efficacy, whereas the supportive but ‘laissez-faire’ behaviour was associated with a higher level of boredom. These findings underline the importance of teachers’ autonomy-supportive behaviour but also emphasise that the role of teacher behaviour may be dependent on the specific context of the cultural and social environment.
FLIR/INS/RA Integrated Landing Guidance for Landing on Aircraft Carrier
Authors: Ding Zhenxing , Li Kui , Meng Yue , Wang Lingcao
Published: May 2015

This paper presents a FLIR/INS/RA integrated landing guidance method to provide information of aircraft states and carrier dynamics for fixed-wing aircraft landing on the aircraft carrier in low-visibility weather and high sea states. The method utilizes the Forward-Looking Infrared (FLIR) system, the Inertial Navigation System (INS), and the Radio Altimeter (RA) as sensors, to track infrared cooperated targets on the aircraft carrier. Several algorithms like the Newton iterative algorithm, the Kalman Filter (KF), and the Wavelet Transform (WT) are employed to compute real-time and high-precision estimates of the aircraft states (runway-related position, attitude, and velocity) and the carrier dynamics (pitch, roll, and heave). A simulation experiment is conducted and shows satisfactory results for the aircraft carrier landing guidance.
Vertical Control and Parallel Trade under Asymmetric Information
Authors: Avenali Alessandro , Leporelli Claudio , Matteucci Giorgio , Reverberi Pierfrancesco
Published: May 2015

Parallel trade (PT) is a practice related to arbitrage operations in international trade. We provide a rationale for PT as an opportunistic behaviour by an international wholesaler who is privately informed about market demands in two countries where a multinational firm operates. This alternative theory of PT contributes to an explanation of why PT has gained considerable importance in various industries, and why it has not yet resulted in price convergence across relevant countries. Indeed, we find that asymmetric information enlarges the scope for PT, relative to complete information, and possibly increases crosscountry differences in prices. The European Commission supports PT as a means to achieve the integration of national markets, to the benefit of all citizens. However, under asymmetric information, consumers benefit from PT only with a high volume of parallel imports (e.g., when arbitrage costs are low); otherwise competition among wholesalers can be an effective substitute for PT. Furthermore, an important implication of PT is the transfer of profits from the manufacturer to the wholesaler. Therefore, in R&D-intensive industries, such as pharmaceuticals, policy makers should anticipate the likely consequences of PT under asymmetric information on the long-run incentives to innovate.