bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Vulvar Lichenoid Dermatoses With Emphasis on the Distinction Between Lichen Sclerosus and Lichen Planus: A 10-Year Study
Authors: D'Souza Sueallen Lorna , Ravikumar Gayatri , Antony Meryl , Tirumale Rajalakshmi
Published: March 2024

Objectives

Lichen planus (LP) and lichen sclerosus (LS) are the most common vulvar lichenoid dermatoses. The diagnostic challenges are due to site-specific variation in microscopic appearance and small-sized biopsies. Authentication of diagnostic criteria to distinguish LS and LP to uncover any resemblance or divergence in presentation of these conditions is attempted.

Methods

Cases of vulvar LP and LS diagnosed between January 2012 to December 2022 were included. The clinical details included age, presenting symptoms, examination findings, and other organ involvement. Histopathological analysis of epidermal, dermal, and adnexal findings was done.

Results

There were 28 cases of vulvar LP and 72 cases of LS, with a median age of 51 and 60 years, respectively. Depigmentation and atrophy were the major clinical features in LS, whereas ulcers/erosions and erythema were more prevalent in LP with a significantly higher incidence of oral involvement. The most diagnostic feature in LS was diffuse dermal sclerosis (76.8%) and interstitial pattern of inflammation (81.4%), whereas the characteristic features in LP cases was a lichenoid pattern of inflammation (85.7%), necrotic keratinocytes, and lymphocytic exocytosis. In 44.4% of LS, unconventional features like compact orthokeratosis, parakeratosis, thickened/wedge-shaped hypergranulosis, and sawtooth rete pegs were noted. Lichen sclerosus with lichenoid inflammation (21.4%) mimicked LP, from which it was distinguished by presence of thickened or diminished granular layer with basal melanin absence (60%) and dermal homogenization (80%).

Conclusion

Although the classical, well-established variant of LS poses no diagnostic difficulty, the unconventional variant may mimic LP. Identification of the subtle histological clues demonstrated in this study can help to arrive at the correct diagnosis.
Attitudes Toward Proactive Topical Corticosteroid Use Among Women With Vulval Lichen Sclerosus
Authors: Rees Sophie , Arnold Susanne , Kherlopian Ashod , Fischer Gayle
Published: March 2024

Objectives

Some practitioners are adopting proactive topical corticosteroid (TCS) therapy for vulval lichen sclerosus (VLS). We sought to understand patient attitudes toward proactive TCS therapy for VLS in a context in which proactive therapy is adopted.

Methods

Four online focus group discussions with 12 participants. Data analysis was informed by social constructionist grounded theory.

Results

All participants had accepted a proactive regimen. Three themes were developed from the analysis: “Coming to accept proactive therapy,” “Motivators to maintaining a proactive regimen,” and “The importance of a routine that fits me.” Within each theme are subthemes illustrating different dimensions of the theme.

Conclusions

Accepting proactive TCS therapy for VLS requires incorporating regular TCS use into a patient's identity, unlearning previous understandings regarding the safety of long-term TCS use, and adopting a regimen that fits within patients' lives and minimizes the loss of autonomy.
Incidence and Risk Factors for Recurrence and Progression of HPV–Independent Vulvar Intraepithelial Neoplasia
Authors: Voss Féline O. , van Beurden Marc , Veelders Koen J. , Bruggink Annette H. , Steenbergen Renske D.M. , Berkhof Johannes , Bleeker Maaike C.G.
Published: March 2024

Objectives

Human papillomavirus (HPV)–independent vulvar intraepithelial neoplasia (VIN) is a rare yet aggressive precursor lesion of vulvar cancer. Our objectives were to estimate its long-term incidence, the risk of recurrent disease and progression to vulvar cancer, and risk factors thereof.

Materials and Methods

Patients with HPV-independent VIN between 1991 and 2019 in a selected region were identified from the Dutch Nationwide Pathology Databank (Palga). Data were collected from the pathology reports. Crude and European age-standardized incidence rates were calculated for 10-year periods. Kaplan-Meier analyses were performed to determine the cumulative recurrence and cancer incidence, followed by Cox regression analyses to identify associated risk factors.

Results

A total of 114 patients were diagnosed with solitary HPV-independent VIN without prior or concurrent vulvar cancer. The European age-standardized incidence rate increased from 0.09 to 0.69 per 100,000 women-years between 1991–2010 and 2011–2019. A cumulative recurrence and cancer incidence of 29% and 46% were found after 8 and 13 years of follow-up, respectively. Nonradical surgery was identified as the only independent risk factor for recurrent HPV-independent VIN. Risk factors associated with progression to cancer were increasing age and a mutant p53 immunohistochemical staining pattern.

Conclusions

The incidence of detected HPV-independent VIN has substantially increased the last decade and the subsequent recurrence and vulvar cancer risks are high. Although HPV-independent VIN may present as a wide morphologic spectrum, surgical treatment should aim for negative resection margins followed by close surveillance, especially for p53 mutant lesions.
Treatment of Refractory Vulvar Lichen Sclerosus With Methotrexate
Authors: Ghafari-Saravi Afsoon , Foster Erin
Published: March 2024

We report the successful treatment of severe vulvar lichen sclerosus refractory to topical corticosteroids in 3 adult female patients using low-dose oral methotrexate. All cases reported symptomatic and clinical improvement within 12 weeks.
Risk Factors for Lichen Sclerosus: A Case-Control Study of 43,000 Finnish Women
Authors: Halonen Pia , Heikinheimo Oskari , Hadkhale Kishor , Gissler Mika , Pukkala Eero , Jakobsson Maija
Published: March 2024

Objectives

Lichen sclerosus (LS) is an inflammatory skin disease probably arising from an interplay of genetics, local irritation, and autoimmune processes. We identified potential risk factors for the disease using data from nationwide Finnish registries.

Methods

We identified all women diagnosed with LS within specialized health care during 1998–2016 (n = 10,692) and selected 3 age-matched population control women for each case. We calculated odds ratios (ORs) for possible risk factors using conditional logistic regression.

Results

Dermatological autoimmune conditions were strongly associated with LS (OR = 15.1, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 13.6–16.7 for morphea; OR = 10.3, 95% CI = 5.02–19.0 for lichen planus; OR = 6.86, 95% CI = 5.65–8.33 for alopecia; OR = 2.20, 95% CI = 1.88–2.56 for vitiligo). A diagnosis of Crohn or celiac disease increased the odds of LS (OR = 1.80, 95% CI = 1.71–1.89; OR = 1.49, 95% CI = 1.28–1.73, respectively) as did urge and stress incontinence (OR = 1.79, 95% CI = 1.71–1.87; OR = 1.28, 95% CI = 1.22–1.35, respectively).

The odds of LS were lower in women after a diagnosis of type 1 diabetes (OR = 0.43, 95% CI = 0.41–0.45), coronary artery disease (OR = 0.41, 95% CI = 0.38–0.43), and rheumatoid arthritis (OR = 0.38, 95% CI = 0.36–0.41).

Parous women had higher odds of LS (OR = 1.11, 95% CI = 1.04–1.17) than nulliparous ones, but increasing number of births decreased the risk. Lichen sclerosus was not associated with socioeconomic status nor the urbanicity level of the place of residence.

Conclusions

Certain autoimmune diseases and urinary incontinence were associated with LS.
Psychedelic Therapy: A Primer for Primary Care Clinicians—Ketamine
Authors: Evans Viviana D. , Arenas Alejandro , Shinozuka Kenneth , Tabaac Burton J. , Beutler Bryce D. , Cherian Kirsten , Fasano Chelsey , Muir Owen S.
Published: March 2024

Background:

Ketamine, an arylcyclohexylamine dissociative anesthetic agent, has evolved into a versatile therapeutic. It has a rapid-onset, well-understood cardiovascular effects and a favorable safety profile in clinical use. Its enantiomeric compound, esketamine, was approved by the Food and Drug Administration in 2019 for both treatment-resistant depression and major depressive disorder with suicidal ideation.

Areas of Uncertainty:

Research indicates dose-dependent impacts on cognition, particularly affecting episodic and working memory following both acute administration and chronic use, albeit temporarily for the former and potentially persistent for the latter. Alongside acute risks to cardiovascular stability, ketamine use poses potential liver toxicity concerns, especially with prolonged or repeated exposure within short time frames. The drug's association with “ketamine cystitis,” characterized by bladder inflammation, adds to its profile of physiological risks.

Therapeutic Advances:

Data demonstrate a single intravenous infusion of ketamine exhibits antidepressant effects within hours (weighted effect size averages of depression scores (N = 518) following a single 0.5 mg/kg infusion of ketamine isd= 0.96 at 24 hours). Ketamine is also effective at reducing posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptom severity following repeated infusions (Clinician-Administered PTSD Scale scores: −11.88 points compared with midazolam control). Ketamine also decreased suicidal ideation in emergency settings (Scale for Suicidal Ideation scores: −4.96 compared with midazolam control). Through its opioid-sparing effect, ketamine has revolutionized postoperative pain management by reducing analgesic consumption and enhancing recovery.

Limitations:

Many studies indicate that ketamine's therapeutic effects may subside within weeks. Repeated administrations, given multiple times per week, are often required to sustain decreases in suicidality and depressive symptoms.

Conclusions:

Ketamine's comprehensive clinical profile, combined with its robust effects on depression, suicidal ideation, PTSD, chronic pain, and other psychiatric conditions, positions it as a substantial contender for transformative therapeutic application.
Psychedelic Therapy: A Primer for Primary Care Clinicians—N,N-Dimethyltryptamine and Ayahuasca
Authors: Shinozuka Kenneth , Tabaac Burton J. , Arenas Alejandro , Beutler Bryce D. , Cherian Kirsten , Evans Viviana D. , Fasano Chelsey , Muir Owen S.
Published: March 2024

Background:

N,N-dimethyltryptamine (DMT) is a naturally occurring serotonergic psychedelic found in natural plants around the globe. As the main psychoactive component in ayahuasca, which also contains monoamine oxidase inhibitors, DMT has been consumed as plant-based brew by indigenous peoples for centuries. Further research is required to delineate the therapeutic utility of DMT.

Areas of Uncertainty:

Although previous research has shown that DMT is synthesized endogenously, it may not be produced at physiologically relevant concentrations. Additionally, the phenomenological similarities between the DMT-induced state and near-death experiences led to the popular hypothesis that endogenous DMT is released during the dying process. However, this hypothesis continues to be debated. Generally, DMT and ayahuasca seem to be physiologically and psychiatrically safe, although ayahuasca is known to cause transient vomiting.

Therapeutic Advances:

A double-blind, randomized controlled trial showed that, within 1 week, ayahuasca causes remission in 36% of patients with treatment-resistant depression. According to top-line results from a recent phase IIa trial, 57% of patients with major depressive disorder experienced remission 12 weeks after receiving a single intravenous dose of DMT.

Limitations:

There has only been a single published double-blind randomized controlled trial on ayahuasca and 2 on DMT. All clinical trials have had small sample sizes (≤34 participants). DMT requires further research to understand its therapeutic and clinical potential as a psychedelic.

Conclusions:

Preliminary evidence indicates that ayahuasca and DMT may be more effective than existing antidepressants for treating major depressive disorder and treatment-resistant depression.
Association of comorbidities with postoperative walking independence in patients with hip fractures: a single-center, retrospective, observational study
Authors: Ishida Shinnosuke , Kitaji Yu , Yasuda Kimi , Yamashita Haruya , Harashima Hiroaki , Miyano Satoshi
Published: March 2024

Hip fractures (HFs) are common in the elderly and lead to decreased walking independence. Although comorbidities may be associated with gaining walking independence, few studies have comprehensively examined baseline and preoperative clinical factors. We aimed to evaluate the effects of comorbidities on the postoperative walking independence of patients with HFs. This single-center, retrospective, observational study included patients with HFs admitted to an acute care hospital between 1 May 2022 and 1 March 2023, who before the incident were able to walk independently [functional independence measure (FIM) walk score ≥6 points]. Postoperative walking independence was evaluated using the walk item of the FIM. The Charlson comorbidity index (CCI) was used to evaluate comorbidities at admission, and the patients were divided into two categories with CCI scores of 0 points and ≥1 point. The effect of comorbidities, assessed using the CCI, on postoperative walking independence was evaluated using Cox proportional hazards analysis. Ninety-four participants were included in the analysis. The Cox proportional hazards model adjusted for potential confounders (age, operative delay and nutritional status) revealed that the CCI was significantly associated with postoperative walking independence (P < 0.05). The hazard ratio and 95% confidence interval (CI) for the CCI for postoperative walking independence were 0.40 (95% CI, 0.189–0.865). Preoperative assessment of comorbidities using the CCI may aid in predicting the postoperative walking independence of patients with HFs.
Hypokalemia in a young man…think Bartter syndrome type 3
Authors: Hamsho Suaad , Alhussen Abdul Hadi Daher , Alabdullah Hadi , Sleiay Bilal , Kasem Noor , Hassan Qussai
Published: March 2024

Background:

Bartter syndrome is an autosomal recessive salt reabsorption disorder that results in decreased extracellular fluid volume with low/normal blood pressure.

Case presentation:

A 17-year-old boy with polydipsia, polyuria, weakness in the lower limbs, and ataxic gait. His Laboratory test shows hypokalemia; hypochloremia, hypomagnesemia and metabolic alkalosis. The authors’ patient was managed by fluid and electrolyte replacement, which is essential in emergency management.

Conclusion:

Bartter syndrome is difficult to treat, and currently, there is no complete cure. The overall prognosis depends on the extent of receptor dysfunction, and despite these facts, most patients can live a normal life if they strictly follow their treatment plan.
EFFECT OF STRATIFIED DOSE OF NOREPINEPHRINE ON CELLULAR IMMUNE RESPONSE IN PATIENTS WITH SEPTIC SHOCK AND THE CONSTRUCTION OF A PROGNOSTIC RISK MODEL
Authors: Wang Qiang , Tang Jiefu , Li Yao , Lu Jiafei , Yang Dexing , He Chen , Li Ting , Fu Kai , Liu Rong
Published: March 2024

Objective: To explore the effect of a stratified dose of norepinephrine (NE) on cellular immune response in patients with septic shock, and to construct a prognostic model of septic shock. Methods: A total of 160 patients with septic shock (B group) and 58 patients with sepsis (A group) were given standard cluster therapy. Patients with septic shock were divided into four groups (B1-B4 groups: 0.01–0.2, 0.2–0.5, 0.5–1.0, and >1 μg/kg/min) according to the quartile method of the early (72 h) time-weighted average dose of NE and clinical application. The cellular immune indexes at 24 h (T0) and 4–7 days (T1) after admission were collected. The difference method was used to explore the effect of NE stratified dose on cellular immune effect in patients with septic shock. A multivariate COX proportional risk regression model was used to analyze the independent prognostic risk factors, and a prognostic risk model was constructed. Results: The differences of ΔIL-1β, ΔIL-6, ΔIL-10, absolute value difference of T lymphocyte (ΔCD3+/CD45+#) and Th helper T cell (ΔCD3+ CD4+/CD45+#), CD64 infection index difference, ΔmHLA-DR, regulatory T lymphocyte ratio difference (ΔTregs%) between group A, B1, B2, B3, and B4 were statistically significant (P < 0.05). There was a nonlinear relation between the stratified dose of NE and ΔIL-6, ΔIL-10, ΔCD3+/CD45+#, ΔmHLA-DR%. The threshold periods of NE-induced proinflammatory and anti-inflammatory immune changes were 0.3–0.5 μg/kg/min. Multivariate COX model regression analysis showed that age, nutritional patterns, weighted average dose of norepinephrine, IL-6, absolute value of T lymphocytes, and mHLA-DR were independent risk factors affecting the prognosis of patients with septic shock (P < 0.05). The prognostic risk model was constructed (AUC value = 0.813, 95% CI: 0.752–0.901). Conclusion: NE has a certain inhibitory effect on cellular immune function in patients with septic shock. A prognostic risk model was constructed with stronger prediction efficiency for the prognosis of patients with septic shock.
Peer Teachers' Professional Identity Development During a Prehospital Simulation
Authors: Cole Rebekah , Hildreth Amy , Pickering Robert G. , Rudinsky Sherri L.
Published: March 2024

Introduction

Peer teachers have been found to be effective instructors during simulation-based education. However, there is a lack of research regarding their professional identity development throughout the course of the teaching activity. The purpose of this qualitative study, therefore, was to develop a framework to illustrate how peer teachers develop as educators during a prehospital simulation.

Methods

The participants in our study were 9 second-year medical students serving as peer teachers during a multiday prehospital simulation. We selected the grounded theory tradition of qualitative research to investigate the peer teachers' professional identity development. Our research team interviewed each participant twice during the simulation. We then used open and axial coding to analyze the interview data. We organized these codes into categories and determined connections between each category to construct our grounded theory framework.

Results

This framework described how the peer teachers progressed through 4 stages: 1) eager excitement, 2) grounded by challenges, 3) overcoming challenges, and 4) professional identity formation.

Conclusion

Our results revealed that simulation-based education can serve as valuable learning environment not only for medical students, but also for peer teachers. Understanding their progressive development during the simulation will help medical educators focus on maximizing the peer teachers' growth and development during simulation.
Antimicrobial activity of CO2 and Er:YAG lasers against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli
Authors: Ball Kelly , Mortimer Kalani , Muhammad Umarah , Stubbington Yvonne , El Mohtadi Mohamed , Slate Anthony J , Whitehead Kathryn A. , Shokrollahi Kayvan
Published: March 2024

The antimicrobial effect of CO2 and Erbium-doped yttrium aluminium garnet (Er:YAG) lasers against Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus and a mixed culture of both organisms was assessed. Bacterial isolates were exposed to lasers utilising a range of parameters. Both lasers demonstrated a reduction in bacterial viability with increased number of passes and increased power. Against the individual bacterial cultures, the CO2 laser demonstrated greater a reduction in bacterial numbers with higher density and pulse durations. At a lower power and pulse duration, the CO2 laser demonstrated a complete reduction against combined bacterial species with increased passes. Use of the Er:YAG laser against the individual bacterial species demonstrated that the reduction in bacterial viability was increased with an increased overlap. The Er:YAG laser was the most effective at reducing the bacterial co-cultures and was influenced by the power, overlap and number of passes. Throughout this study, S. aureus was more difficult to eradicate than E. coli. The findings from this work showed promising antimicrobial effects of both the CO2 and Er:YAG lasers and demonstrates that the use of such instruments is one potential avenue to be explored to develop effective novel therapies to reduce bacterial viability in infections.
A constricted mitochondrial morphology optimizes respiration
Authors: Singh Manish K. , Cavellini Laetitia , Kunz Christina , Lelek Mickaël , Bomme Perrine , Belgareh-Touzé Naïma , Mallet Adeline , Dietrich Lea , Zimmer Christophe , Cohen Mickael M.
Published: March 2024

Mitochondria assemble in a dynamic tubular network with a morphology governed by mitochondrial fusion and fission, which regulate all mitochondrial functions including oxidative phosphorylation1–4. Yet, the link between mitochondrial morphology and respiration remains unclear5–9. Here, we discover a previously unknown mitochondrial morphology dedicated to respiratory growth ofSaccharomyces cerevisiae, which we refer to as “Ringo”. The Ringo morphology is characterized by stable constrictions of mitochondrial tubules. Ringo constrictions are mediated by the yeast dynamin Dnm1 and, unlike mitochondrial fission10–12, occur in the absence of contacts with the endoplasmic reticulum. Our data show that the Ringo morphology regulates mitochondrial DNA homeostasis during respiration to ensure stoichiometric assembly of OXPHOS complexes, demonstrating that the shape of mitochondria actively contributes to optimal respiration.

One-Sentence Summary:We report a new mitochondrial morphology that actively contributes to optimal respiration in yeast.
Neurogranin modulates the Rate of Association between Calmodulin and Target Peptides
Authors: Putkey John A. , Hoffman Laurel , Berka Vladimir , Wang Xu
Published: March 2024

The best-known mode of action of calmodulin (CaM) is binding of Ca2+to its N- and C-domains, followed by binding to target proteins. An underappreciated facet of this process is that CaM is typically bound to proteins at basal levels of free Ca2+, including the small, intrinsically disordered, neuronal IQ-motif proteins called PEP-19 and neurogranin (Ng). PEP-19 and Ng would not be effective competitive inhibitors of high-affinity Ca2+-dependent CaM targets at equilibrium since they bind to CaM with relatively low affinity, but they could influence the time course of CaM signaling by affecting the rate of association of CaM with high-affinity Ca2+-dependent targets. This mode of regulation may domain specific since PEP-19 binds to the C-domain of CaM, while Ng binds to both N- and C-domains. In this report, we used a model CaM binding peptide (CKIIp) to characterize the preferred pathway of complex formation with Ca2+-CaM at low levels of free Ca2+(0.25 to 1.5 µM), and how PEP-19 and Ng affect this process. We show that the dominant encounter complex involves association of CKIIp with the N-domain of CaM, even though the C-domain has a greater affinity for Ca2+. We also show that Ng greatly decreases the rate of association of Ca2+-CaM with CKIIp due to the relatively slow dissociation of Ng from CaM, and to interactions between the Gly-rich C-terminal region of Ng with the N-domain of CaM, which inhibits formation of the preferred encounter complex with CKIIp. These results provide the general mechanistic paradigms that binding CaM to targets can be driven by its N-domain, and that low-affinity regulators of CaM signaling have the potential to influence the rate of activation of high-affinity CaM targets and potentially affect the distribution of limited CaM among multiple targets during Ca2+oscillations.

STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE

Calmodulin is a small, essential regulator of multiple cellular processes including growth and differentiation. Its best-known mode of action is to first bind calcium and then bind and regulate the activity of target proteins. Each domain of CaM has distinct calcium binding properties and can interact with targets in distinct ways. We show here that the N-domain of calmodulin can drive its association with targets, and that a small, intrinsically disordered regulator of calmodulin signaling called neurogranin can greatly decrease the rate of association of CaM with high-affinity Ca2+-dependent targets. These results demonstrate the potential of neurogranin, and potentially other proteins, to modulate the time course of activation of targets by a limited intracellular supply of calmodulin.
PLD3 and PLD4 synthesizeS,S-BMP, a key phospholipid enabling lipid degradation in lysosomes
Authors: Singh Shubham , Dransfeld Ulrich , Ambaw Yohannes , Lopez-Scarim Joshua , Farese Robert V. , Walther Tobias C.
Published: March 2024

Bis(monoacylglycero)phosphate (BMP) is an abundant lysosomal phospholipid required for degradation of lipids, in particular gangliosides. Alterations in BMP levels are associated with neurodegenerative diseases. Unlike typical glycerophospholipids, lysosomal BMP has two chiral glycerol carbons in theS(rather than theR) stereo-conformation, protecting it from lysosomal degradation. How this unusual and yet crucialS,S-stereochemistry is achieved is unknown. Here we report that phospholipases D3 and D4 (PLD3 and PLD4) synthesize lysosomalS,S-BMP, with either enzyme catalyzing the critical glycerol stereo-inversion reactionin vitro. Deletion of PLD3 or PLD4 markedly reduced BMP levels in cells or in murine tissues where either enzyme is highly expressed (brain for PLD3; spleen for PLD4), leading to gangliosidosis and lysosomal abnormalities. PLD3 mutants associated with neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer’s disease risk, diminished PLD3 catalytic activity. We conclude that PLD3/4 enzymes synthesize lysosomalS,S-BMP, a crucial lipid for maintaining brain health.
Elastomers Fail from the Edge
Authors: Xue Nan , Long Rong , Dufresne Eric R. , Style Robert W.
Published: March 2024

The performance of soft devices is limited by the fracture resistance of elastomers. Thus, understanding how fracture resistance changes with material and sample geometry is an important challenge. A key observation is that thicker elastomers can be significantly tougher than thinner ones. We show that this surprising toughness enhancement in thick samples emerges from the 3D geometry of the fracture process. In contrast to the classical picture of a 2D crack, failure is driven by the growth of two separate “edge” cracks that nucleate early on at a sample’s sides. As loading is increased, these cracks propagate in towards the sample midplane. When they merge, samples reach their ultimate failure strength. In thicker samples, edge cracks need to propagate farther before meeting, resulting in increased sample toughness. We demonstrate that edge-crack growth is controlled by the elastomer’s strain-stiffening properties. Our results have direct implications for how to effectively toughen elastomers by controlling their geometry and large-strain mechanical properties.

Published by the American Physical Society
2024
Toddy trends and the organic conundrum: a closer look at consumer behaviour with decision tree
Authors: Sukumaran Likhil , Majhi Ritanjali
Published: March 2024

Purpose

This study aims to explore and understand the challenges and opportunities presented by the rising demand for organic products in the context of toddy consumption and marketing.

Design/methodology/approach

This research examines consumer behaviour and decision-making patterns using decision tree analysis. A survey questionnaire based on established theories was distributed to individuals above the legal drinking age of 23 in Kerala, India, using purposive and random sampling.

Findings

The study found that people's fondness for toddy shop food plays a crucial role in their food choices. When the fondness is low, subjective norms can override personal preferences. But when the fondness is high, individual perceptions take precedence.

Originality/value

Using machine learning techniques, we created a compass to guide marketing strategies and cultural preservation efforts in toddy shops by considering the complex factors that influence consumer decisions.
What is beautiful is good: attractive avatars for healthier dining and satisfaction
Authors: Hao Fei , Aman Adil Masud , Zhang Chen
Published: March 2024

Purpose

As technology increasingly integrates into the restaurant industry, avatar servers present a promising avenue for promoting healthier dining habits. Grounded in the halo effect theory and social comparison theory, this study aims to delve into the influence of avatars' appearance, humor and persuasion on healthier choices and customer satisfaction.

Design/methodology/approach

This paper comprises three experimental studies. Study 1 manipulates avatar appearance (supermodel-looking vs normal-looking) to examine its effects on perceived attractiveness, warmth and relatability. These factors influence customer satisfaction and healthy food choices through the psychological mechanisms of social comparison and aspirational appeal. Studies 2 and 3 further refine this theoretical model by assessing the interplay of appearance with humor (presence vs absence) and persuasion (health-oriented vs beauty-oriented), respectively.

Findings

Results suggest that avatars resembling supermodels evoke stronger aspirational appeal and positive social comparison due to their attractiveness, thus bolstering healthier choices and customer satisfaction. Moreover, humor moderates the relationship between appearance and attractiveness, while persuasion moderates the effects of appearance on social comparison and aspirational appeal.

Research limitations/implications

This research bridges the halo effect theory and social comparison theory, offering insights enriching the academic discourse on technology’s role in hospitality.

Practical implications

The findings provide actionable insights for managers, tech developers and health advocates.

Originality/value

Despite its significance, avatar design research in the hospitality sector has been overlooked. This study addresses this gap, offering a guideline for crafting attractive and persuasive avatars.
The rise of sustainable approaches in development of waterproof breathable fabrics for garment: a systematic literature review
Authors: Kumar Abhishek , Manshahia Manpreet
Published: March 2024

Purpose

The aim of this study is to present an overview of sustainable practices in the development of waterproof breathable fabrics for garments. It aims to provide insights into the current state of academic research in this domain and identify and analyze major sustainable trends in the field.

Design/methodology/approach

This study conducts a thorough examination of research publications sourced from the Scopus database spanning the years 2013–2023 by employing a systematic approach. The research utilizes both descriptive analysis and content analysis to identify trends, notable journals and leading countries in sustainable waterproof breathable fabric development.

Findings

The study reveals a notable increase in studies focusing on sustainable approaches in the development of waterproof breathable fabrics for garments. Descriptive analysis highlights the most prominent journal and leading country in terms of research volume. Content analysis identifies four key trends: minimizing chemical usage, developing easily degradable materials, creating fabrics promoting health and well-being and initiatives to reduce energy consumption.

Research limitations/implications

The main limitation of this research lies in its exclusive reliance on the Scopus database.

Practical implications

The insights derived from this study offer practical guidance for prospective researchers interested in investigating sustainable approaches to developing waterproof breathable fabric for garments. The identified trends provide a foundation for aligning research endeavors with contemporary global perspectives, facilitating the integration of sustainable methodologies into the garment industry.

Originality/value

This systematic literature review contributes original insights by synthesizing current research trends and outlining evolving sustainable practices in the development of waterproof breathable fabrics. The identification of key focus areas adds a novel perspective to existing knowledge.
Development and application of temperature-sensing underwear for breast monitoring
Authors: Huang Yu , Ji Xiaofen , Zhai Lina , Ocran Francisca Margarita
Published: March 2024

Purpose

Breast cancer has become the largest cancer in the world today. Health problems for women with breast cancer need to be addressed urgently. This study aims to select the best method for preparing temperature-sensitive sports underwear, and to verify the feasibility of using K-type thermocouple threads in underwear fabrics.

Design/methodology/approach

In the experiments, two samples were designed for temperature-sensitive performance tests and the effects produced by different outer layer structures were investigated. In the second step, K-type thermocouple wires were integrated into sports underwear. The comfort and feasibility of the temperature-sensitive underwear were investigated.

Findings

It was finally verified to obtain the best comfort and temperature-sensing performance of K-type thermocouple filaments integrated into sports underwear with plain stitching.

Originality/value

The underwear has a certain prospect for the application of smart apparel based on breast cancer health monitoring, which is of some significance for monitoring smart apparel.
Impact of information system flexibility and dynamic capabilities in building net zero supply chains
Authors: Singh Rohit Kumar , Modgil Sachin
Published: March 2024

Purpose

The main aim of this study is to explore the relationship between information system flexibility and dynamic capabilities to build sustainable and net zero supply chains under the influence of environmental dynamism.

Design/methodology/approach

We have formulated a self-administered survey, with 359 participants contributing responses. Prior to delving into foundational assumptions, such as homoscedasticity and normality, a nonresponse bias analysis was executed. The integrity of the data, in terms of reliability and construct validity, was gauged using confirmatory factor analysis. Subsequent regression outputs corroborated all the proposed assumptions, fortifying the extant scholarly literature.

Findings

The empirical findings of this research underscore a positive correlation between Information system flexibility, dynamic capabilities and a net zero supply chain, especially in the context of environmental dynamism. Data sourced from the cement manufacturing sector support these observations. We also found that environmental dynamism moderates the relationship between data analytics capability and sustainable supply chain flexibility but does not moderate the relationship between Resource flexibility and sustainable supply chain flexibility. Additionally, this research strengthens the foundational principles of the dynamic capability theory.

Originality/value

The conceptual framework elucidates the interplay between information system flexibility, dynamic capabilities, and sustainable supply chain flexibility, emphasizing their collective contribution towards achieving sustainable chain net zero, introducing environmental dynamics as a moderating variable that augments the scholarly discourse with a nuanced layer of analytical depth.
Linking customer mindsets, brand engagement, and citizenship behavior: the moderating role of brand trust
Authors: Soomro Suhaib Ahmed , Eyupoglu Serife Zihni , Ali Fayaz
Published: March 2024

Purpose

The paper aims to explore the relationship between customer mindsets and customer citizenship behavior. This study used the cognitive-affective-behavioral model to examine how customer mindsets relate to customer citizenship behavior. In addition, it investigated the mediating effect of customer brand engagement and moderating role of brand trust.

Design/methodology/approach

The study used a self-administered online survey from 412 respondents using cellular mobile operating brands. Partial least square structural equation modeling was used to analyze the collected data.

Findings

The results revealed that growth-mindset customers directly and significantly influence customer citizenship behavior. The impact of a fixed mindset on customer citizenship behavior is indirect through customer brand engagement. The moderating findings revealed that the effect of brand trust on the relationship between customer brand engagement and customer citizenship behavior is higher than that between the fixed mindset and customer brand engagement.

Practical implications

The findings provide valuable insights for marketing and brand managers to design marketing campaigns considering different mindsets to generate customer citizenship behavior among customers.

Originality/value

This study provides new avenues in consumer psychology and behavior by unfolding the underlying mechanism through which mindsets lead to customer citizenship behavior, contributing to existing knowledge by extending the cognitive-affective-behavioral model.
A heuristic-based benders decomposition for the hybrid relief distribution network minimizing deprivation cost of vulnerable areas
Authors: Khalaj Rahimi Sanaz , Rahmani Donya
Published: March 2024

Purpose

The study aims to optimize truck routes by minimizing social and economic costs. It introduces a strategy involving diverse drones and their potential for reusing at DNs based on flight range. In HTDRP-DC, trucks can select and transport various drones to LDs to reduce deprivation time. This study estimates the nonlinear deprivation cost function using a linear two-piece-wise function, leading to MILP formulations. A heuristic-based Benders Decomposition approach is implemented to address medium and large instances. Valid inequalities and a heuristic method enhance convergence boundaries, ensuring an efficient solution methodology.

Design/methodology/approach

Research has yet to address critical factors in disaster logistics: minimizing the social and economic costs simultaneously and using drones in relief distribution; deprivation as a social cost measures the human suffering from a shortage of relief supplies. The proposed hybrid truck-drone routing problem minimizing deprivation cost (HTDRP-DC) involves distributing relief supplies to dispersed demand nodes with undamaged (LDs) or damaged (DNs) access roads, utilizing multiple trucks and diverse drones. A Benders Decomposition approach is enhanced by accelerating techniques.

Findings

Incorporating deprivation and economic costs results in selecting optimal routes, effectively reducing the time required to assist affected areas. Additionally, employing various drone types and their reuse in damaged nodes reduces deprivation time and associated deprivation costs. The study employs valid inequalities and the heuristic method to solve the master problem, substantially reducing computational time and iterations compared to GAMS and classical Benders Decomposition Algorithm. The proposed heuristic-based Benders Decomposition approach is applied to a disaster in Tehran, demonstrating efficient solutions for the HTDRP-DC regarding computational time and convergence rate.

Originality/value

Current research introduces an HTDRP-DC problem that addresses minimizing deprivation costs considering the vehicle’s arrival time as the deprivation time, offering a unique solution to optimize route selection in relief distribution. Furthermore, integrating heuristic methods and valid inequalities into the Benders Decomposition approach enhances its effectiveness in solving complex routing challenges in disaster scenarios.
“YouWalk-UOS” – technology-enabled and user-centred assessment of urban open spaces
Authors: Salama Ashraf M. , Patil Madhavi P.
Published: March 2024

Purpose

This paper introduces the YouWalk-UOS mobile application, a tool that revolutionises the assessment of urban open spaces (UOS). The paper demonstrates how integrating real-time, on-ground observations with users’ reactions into a digital platform can transform the evaluation of urban open spaces. It seeks to address the existing shortcomings of traditional UOS assessment methods and underscore the need for innovative, adaptable and inclusive approaches.

Design/methodology/approach

Emphasizing the necessity of UOS for mental and physical health, community interaction and social and environmental resilience in cities, the methodology involves a comprehensive analysis of a number of theoretical frameworks that have historically influenced urban open space conceptualisation, design and assessment. The approach includes a critical review of traditional UOS assessment methods, contrasting them with the capabilities of the proposed YouWalk-UOS application. Building on the reviewed theoretical frameworks, the methodology articulates the application’s design, which encompasses 36 factors across three assessment domains: functional, social and perceptual and provides insights into how technology can be leveraged to offer a more holistic and participatory approach to urban space assessment.

Findings

YouWalk-UOS application represents an important advancement in urban space assessment, moving beyond the constraints of traditional methods. The application facilitates a co-assessment approach, enabling community members to actively participate in the evaluation and development of their urban environments. Findings highlight the essential role of technology in making urban space assessment more user-centred, aligning more closely with community needs and aspirations.

Originality/value

The originality lies in the focus on the co-assessment approach and integration of mobile technology into urban open space assessment, a relatively unexplored area in urban design literature. The application stands out as an innovative solution, offering a new perspective on engaging communities in co-assessing their environments. This research contributes to the discourse on urban design and planning by providing a fresh look at the intersection of technology, user engagement and urban space assessment.
Establishing the relationship between the strategic factors influencing blockchain technology deployment for achieving SDG and ESG objectives during infrastructure development: an ISM-MICMAC approach
Authors: Singh Atul Kumar , Kumar V.R.Prasath
Published: March 2024

Purpose

Implementing blockchain in sustainable development goals (SDGs) and environmental, social and governance (ESG)-aligned infrastructure development involves intricate strategic factors. Despite technological advancements, a significant research gap persists, particularly in emerging economies. This study aims to address the challenges related to SDGs and ESG objectives during infrastructure delivery remain problematic, identifying and evaluating critical strategic factors for successful blockchain implementation.

Design/methodology/approach

This study employs a three-stage methodology. Initially, 13 strategic factors are identified through a literature review and validated by conducting semi-structured interviews with six experts. In the second stage, the data were collected from nine additional experts. In the final stage, the collected data undergoes analysis using interpretive structural modeling (ISM)–cross-impact matrix multiplication applied to classification (MICMAC), aiming to identify and evaluate the independent and dependent powers of strategic factors driving blockchain implementation in infrastructure development for SDGs and ESG objectives.

Findings

The study’s findings highlight three significant independent factors crucial for successfully integrating blockchain technology (BT) into infrastructure development for SDGs and ESG goals: data security (F4), identity management (F8) and supply chain management (F7). The study unravels these factors, hierarchical relationships and dependencies by applying the MICMAC and ISM techniques, emphasizing their interconnectedness.

Originality/value

This study highlights critical strategic factors for successful blockchain integration in SDG and ESG-aligned infrastructure development, offering insights for policymakers and practitioners while emphasizing the importance of training and infrastructure support in advancing sustainable practices.
Patient and referral characteristics of adults with intellectual disability referred to speech and language therapy with eating, drinking and swallowing difficulties
Authors: Crocker Angela , Titterington Jill , Tennyson Michelle
Published: March 2024

Purpose

This study aims to investigate the prevalence and characteristics of dysphagia among adults with intellectual disabilities (ID) referred to speech and language therapy for swallow assessment, providing information on the demographic characteristics, referral trends, co-occurring health conditions and reasons for referrals highlighting the complex health-care needs of this population.

Design/methodology/approach

This study used a standardised patient data extraction method over a six-month period involving 74 adults with ID referred to speech and language therapy for swallow assessment.

Findings

This study revealed a high prevalence of dysphagia among adults with ID referred to speech and language therapy for swallow assessment. Increasing age and severity of ID were associated with an increased likelihood of swallowing difficulties. Co-occurring health conditions such as mobility difficulties, epilepsy and gastrointestinal conditions were prevalent, suggesting that adults with ID and swallowing difficulties are often living with complex health conditions. Choking incidents and hospital admissions were primary reasons for referral.

Research limitations/implications

This study stresses the pressing need for strategies to mitigate risks associated with choking incidents and hospital admission among this vulnerable population. Possible limitations include a reliance on referral and the focus being on a single service over a short period which may limit generalisation to the wider ID population.

Practical implications

This study emphasises the need to understand each person’s unique profile of health needs and the value of a specialised speech and language therapy service.

Social implications

The importance of increasing awareness among caregivers and medical experts is highlighted.

Originality/value

The findings underscore the importance of tailored assessment, caregiver involvement and heightened interdisciplinary awareness to effectively manage dysphagia in individuals with ID.
I am what I am?—An integrative review of understandings of ‘health identity’ and ‘illness identity’ in scientific literature
Authors: Pelters Pelle
Published: March 2024

Health and illness identities have been presented as important for the experience of health and illness, and they are a widespread research interest. However, these identities are conceptualised in many different ways. This conceptual diversity calls for us to take stock of existing understandings of health and illness identities to provide conceptual clarity and reliability. The study performs an integrative review of these understandings in scientific articles identified through the databases PsychInfo, Pubmed and Scopus. The final sample consists of 64 articles, on which a thematic analysis has been performed. Health and illness identities are regarded as constructed and can be understood in terms of being, acting and judging, answering the questions ‘Who are you, with regard to health/illness?’, ‘How do you deal with health/illness?’ and ‘How are people judged by their health/illness?’, respectively. The terms health identity and illness identity are understood in varied, not necessarily compatible ways, and need to be applied carefully. Health identity concepts appear to be less well established and based upon a more varied theoretical background, while illness identity concepts appear to be more well established and usually relate to a (bio‐)medical context. A potential understanding of health identity for medical sociology is suggested.