bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Bullying in physical education of children and youth with visual impairments: A systematic review
Authors: Ball Lindsay , Lieberman Lauren , Haibach-Beach Pamela , Perreault Melanie , Tirone Kyle
Published: May 2021

Bullying is prevalent in youth but occurs at a higher rate of incidence in children with visual impairments in comparison to children without disabilities. The purpose of this study was to conduct a systematic review of literature from the past 20 years on bullying research in physical education of youth with visual impairments. This review examined studies on bullying in physical education for school-age children with visual impairments. Articles that did not include children with visual impairments or blindness, physical education, or any type of intentional bullying were eliminated. After a thorough screening of the articles obtained in the search, 14 were selected and analyzed thematically. Results revealed that of the 114 participants in these studies, 86% experienced social–relational bullying, 64% experienced verbal bullying, and 21% experienced physical bullying. Children with visual impairments were bullied in physical education class by their teachers (50%), paraeducators (7%), and their peers (93%). The bullying occurred in class (93%), in the locker room (21%), and at various locations outside of class. Generalization of these findings to all children with visual impairments is limited due to a lack of quantitative studies found with our search criteria. However, the findings indicate a need to educate teachers and paraeducators about proper modifications to class structure and assessment practices, as well as variations to sports and physical activity, to reduce bullying. In addition, teaching self-advocacy to children with visual impairments may minimize bullying and help with peer acceptance and support in the classroom.
Structural Change, Balance of Payments Constraint, and Economic Growth: Evidence from Vietnam
Authors: Lee Woocheol
Published: May 2021

The impact of demand-side factors and rapid structural changes have largely been ignored in explaining the economic growth of Vietnam. This paper employs the multisectoral balance-of-payments constrained economic growth model to capture the influence of structural changes on the exports and economic growth of Vietnam over the period 1997–2016. Based on the estimates for the sectoral income elasticities of demand for exports and imports obtained from autoregressive distributed lag models, this paper argues that it is not relative prices but income that has played a significant role in Vietnam’s economic growth, the income elasticities of demand for exports have grown faster than those of demand for imports, and the weight of exports has significantly moved from primary to high-technology products.

JEL Classification: E12, F43, O53
“I’m Getting Older Too”: Challenges and Benefits Experienced by Very Old Parents and Their Children
Authors: Boerner Kathrin , Kim Yijung K. , Gallagher Elizabeth A. , Kim Kyungmin , Jopp Daniela S.
Published: May 2021

Very old parents and their “old” children are a growing group in industrialized countries worldwide. However, virtually nothing is known about the nature and implications of this relationship constellation. To fill this gap, this study explored the challenges and rewards of the very old parent–child relationship. In-depth interviews were conducted with 114 parent–child dyads (parent age ≥90; child age ≥65). While both challenges and rewards were present, the balance of challenges and rewards was notably less favorable for children with more challenges experienced overall. Challenges reported by children were often characterized by references to children’s own advanced age and health problems, and the prolonged caregiving involvement due to their parents’ longevity. Health care professionals, policymakers, and families should be made aware of this increasingly common phenomenon, and specific services and policies will be needed to adequately support very old adults and their families.
How a copy desk “edit” influenced corrections at the New York Times
Authors: Hettinga Kirstie , Smith Elizabeth
Published: May 2021

The New York Times “streamlined” its editing process in 2017 and reduced the editing staff by nearly half. Through content analysis on corrections (N = 1,149), this research examines the effects of these cuts. Analysis revealed the Times published more corrections before the changes, but that corrections appeared more quickly after the original error occurred and there were more corrections for content in the A section following the staffing cuts. The A section includes national and international news and thus often contains political content, which is rife for heightened scrutiny in an age of media distrust. Practical and theoretical implications are discussed.
Regular Caffeine Intake Delays REM Sleep Promotion and Attenuates Sleep Quality in Healthy Men
Authors: Weibel Janine , Lin Yu-Shiuan , Landolt Hans-Peter , Berthomier Christian , Brandewinder Marie , Kistler Joshua , Rehm Sophia , Rentsch Katharina M. , Meyer Martin , Borgwardt Stefan , Cajochen Christian , Reichert Carolin F.
Published: May 2021

Acute caffeine intake can attenuate homeostatic sleep pressure and worsen sleep quality. Caffeine intake—particularly in high doses and close to bedtime—may also affect circadian-regulated rapid eye movement (REM) sleep promotion, an important determinant of subjective sleep quality. However, it is not known whether such changes persist under chronic caffeine consumption during daytime. Twenty male caffeine consumers (26.4 ± 4 years old, habitual caffeine intake 478.1 ± 102.8 mg/day) participated in a double-blind crossover study. Each volunteer completed a caffeine (3 × 150 mg caffeine daily for 10 days), a withdrawal (3 × 150 mg caffeine for 8 days then placebo), and a placebo condition. After 10 days of controlled intake and a fixed sleep-wake cycle, we recorded electroencephalography for 8 h starting 5 h after habitual bedtime (i.e., start on average at 04:22 h which is around the peak of circadian REM sleep promotion). A 60-min evening nap preceded each sleep episode and reduced high sleep pressure levels. While total sleep time and sleep architecture did not significantly differ between the three conditions, REM sleep latency was longer after daily caffeine intake compared with both placebo and withdrawal. Moreover, the accumulation of REM sleep proportion was delayed, and volunteers reported more difficulties with awakening after sleep and feeling more tired upon wake-up in the caffeine condition compared with placebo. Our data indicate that besides acute intake, also regular daytime caffeine intake affects REM sleep regulation in men, such that it delays circadian REM sleep promotion when compared with placebo. Moreover, the observed caffeine-induced deterioration in the quality of awakening may suggest a potential motive to reinstate caffeine intake after sleep.
The Diagnostic Yield of Magnetic Resonance Cholangiopancreatography in the Setting of Acute Pancreaticobiliary Disease — A Single Center Experience
Authors: Yahya Sultan , Alabousi Abdullah , Abdullah Peri , Ramonas Milita
Published: May 2021

Purpose:

To discern whether preceding ultrasound (US) results, patient demographics and biochemical markers can be implemented as predictors of an abnormal Magnetic Resonance Cholangiopancreatography (MRCP) study in the context of acute pancreaticobiliary disease.

Methods:

A retrospective study was performed assessing US results, age, gender, elevated lipase and biliary enzymes for consecutive patients who underwent an urgent MRCP following an initial US for acute pancreaticobiliary disease between January 2017-December 2018. Multivariable binary logistic regression models were constructed to assess for predictors of clinically significant MRCPs, and discrepant US/MRCP results.

Results:

A total of 155 patients (mean age 56, 111 females) were included. Age (OR 1.03, P < 0.05), hyperlipasemia (OR 5.33, P < 0.05) and a positive US (OR 40.75, P < 0.05) were found to be independent predictors for a subsequent abnormal MRCP. Contrarily, gender and elevated biliary enzymes were not reliable predictors of an abnormal MRCP, or significant MRCP/US discrepancies. Of 66 cases (43%) of discordant US/MRCPs, half had clinically significant discrepant findings such as newly discovered choledocholithiasis and pancreaticobiliary neoplasia. Age was the sole predictor for a significant US/MRCP discrepancy, with 2% increase in the odds of a significant discrepancy per year of increase in age.

Conclusion:

An abnormal US, hyperlipasemia and increased age serve as predictors for a subsequent abnormal MRCP, as opposed to gender and biliary enzyme elevation. Age was the sole predictor of a significant US/MRCP discrepancy that provided new information which significantly impacted subsequent management. In the remaining cases, however, MRCP proved useful in reaffirming the clinical diagnosis and avoiding further investigations.
Passive Revolution in Japan: The Restoration of Hegemony under Abe?
Authors: Carroll Myles
Published: May 2021

This article draws on Gramsci’s theory of passive revolution to explore the second tenure of Japanese Prime Minister Abe Shinzō from 2012 to 2020. It sees the high degree of political stability that Abe achieved as a contrast to the preceding two decades of Japanese politics and asks what accounts for Abe’s success in restoring Liberal Democratic Party’s (LDP) dominance in an era of enduring economic and social crisis. The article argues that Abe executed a strategy of passive revolution that incorporated two “faces”: an “outward” face oriented around consent and an “inward” face rooted in coercion. The former involved economic policies (in particular “Abenomics”) designed to appear capable of resolving chronic economic stagnation, growing inequality and other social and economic problems, restoring popular support for the LDP without undermining conditions for capital accumulation or empowering subaltern classes. In contrast, the latter involved various low-profile security and administrative policies that enabled the Abe government to dramatically increase its power while silencing or disarming potential rivals and critics. The article sees this two-sided strategy of passive revolution as effective in restoring LDP dominance but unlikely to prove the basis for a more expansive hegemony or a resolution to Japan’s organic crisis.
Women's Initial Experiences and up to a Year in Retrospect of Their Life Situation With a Confirmed Takotsubo Syndrome Diagnosis: A Single Case Study Literature Review
Authors: Fridlund Bengt , Bruteig Eileen , Dahlviken Rønnaug M. , Fålun Nina , Norekvål Tone M.
Published: May 2021

Purpose: To describe women's initial experiences and up to a year in retrospect of their life situation with a confirmed Takotsubo syndrome (TS) diagnosis. Method: A single case study literature review based on nine articles published by nurses was analyzed deductively using a nursing life dimension model. Results: All but one case was conducted on the North American continent and TS had largely affected women with previous cardiac history and had been triggered by one or two stressful life events. The biophysical life dimension manifested in distinct and troublesome inconvenience and in retrospect in fretting and grievous ailments. The emotional dimension manifested in pronounced ways and attitude-related sensations, feelings or moods while the intellectual dimension manifested in an unmanageable world of thought. The spiritual–existential dimension manifested in a life-denying view of life and the socio-cultural dimension manifested in an asocial life. Conclusions: With TS best practice in mind and a person-centered care and holistic approach, comprehensive descriptions are needed of how women identify, interpret, and use knowledge to manage their life situation. Cardiac nurses need further comprehensive descriptions to implement actions. Prior to implementation of such programs, this knowledge needs to be disseminated among cardiac nurses and evaluated in international randomized controlled trials.
Experimental studies on mechanical properties and toughening mechanisms of PA6/zeolite nanocomposites
Authors: Mohsenzadeh Rasool
Published: May 2021

In recent years, polymer/inorganic nanocomposite have attracted the attention of researchers because of the many superior properties. Incorporation of nano-zeolite as a spherical nano-particle, into the PA6 matrix, can improve the stiffness-toughness properties simultaneously. PA6/zeolite nanocomposites standard mechanical testing specimens, containing different fractions (2.5, 5 and 7.5 wt.%) of nanosized zeolite particles were produced by utilizing a twin screw extruder and injection molding. The mechanical properties were characterized and the morphology was studied using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The SEM micrograph showed that nano-zeolite were uniformly distributed in the PA6 matrix. The incorporation of nano-zeolite into PA6, increased the tensile strength, tensile modulus, flexural strength, flexural modulus and impact strength. Moreover, nano-zeolite stiffen and toughen PA6 simultaneously, and optimal properties were achieved at 5 wt.% of PA6/zeolite in flexural strength and impact strength. A number of strengthening mechanisms including crack pinning and crack deflection were detected for nanocomposite gear samples.
Walking on fire: Limits, transgressions and possibilities in the worlds of literature. An interview with Ananda Devi
Authors: Dawoor Yagnishsing
Published: May 2021

In the following interview, celebrated Francophone Mauritian writer Ananda Devi considers the implications of her movements between literary worlds, publishers, series and languages as well as her insurgences as a writer and as a woman. Walking on fire, Devi avers, is an apt metaphor for describing her personal and creative approach to navigating the incendiary lines striating her path. Engaging with her most recent works, including Ceux du Large, Danser sur tes Braises suivi de Six Décennies and Fardo, Devi comments on her role as a writer, the manifold potentials of literature and the differing labels and expectations routinely heaped upon her in the Francophone and Anglophone worlds. Over the course of this exchange, she also discusses the reception of her work in France and elsewhere; her experimentations with self-translation and ekphrasis; and the process of creating art during the Covid-19 pandemic. Throughout, Devi expresses her fierce commitment to transgressing limits and taking literature into new terrains.
Inequality between capital and labour and among wage-earners: the role of collective bargaining and trade unions
Authors: Keune Maarten
Published: May 2021

In the context of rising inequality between capital and labour and among wage-earners in Europe, this state-of-the-art article reviews the literature concerning the relationship between collective bargaining and inequality. It focuses on two main questions: (i) what is the relationship between collective bargaining, union bargaining power and inequality between capital and labour? and (ii) what is the relationship between collective bargaining, union bargaining power and wage inequality among wage-earners? Both questions are discussed in general terms and for single- and multi-employer bargaining systems. It is argued that collective bargaining coverage and union density are negatively related to both types of inequality. These relationships are however qualified by four additional factors: who unions represent, the weight of union objectives other than wages, the statutory minimum wage, and extensions of collective agreements by governments.
A Critical Perspective on Short-Term International Mobility of Faculty: An Experience from Kazakhstan
Authors: Kuzhabekova Aliya , Ispambetova Botagoz , Baigazina Altyn , Sparks Jason
Published: May 2021

This article looks at the relatively understudied phenomenon of short-term international mobility of faculty from the critical internationalization perspective. It uses data from interviews with academics from Kazakhstan, who participated in short-term professional development trips abroad to understand who benefits and who loses as a result of short-term faculty mobility and how the short-term international mobility may contribute to the process of reproduction of the existing social structures and inequality. Critical internationalization perspective in general, as well as mobility paradigm more specifically, helps to reveal some important insights about short-term international mobility from a non-Western country to predominantly Western institutions. The main conclusion from the study is that host university’s engagement in hosting mobile faculty coming on short visits seems to be driven predominantly by the neoliberal profit-seeking motives rather than by a more humanistic desire to serve the larger global society by sharing its expertise or to engage in equal and mutually beneficial partnership relationships.
From Danger to Uncertainty: Changing Health Care Practices, Everyday Experiences, and Temporalities in Dealing With COVID-19 Policies in the Netherlands
Authors: Bröer Christian , Veltkamp Gerlieke , Bouw Carolien , Vlaar Noa , Borst Femke , de Sauvage Nolting Rein
Published: May 2021

Based on ongoing longitudinal research in families with young children, we investigate parents’ changing everyday experiences and health care practices of dealing with COVID-19 policies in the Netherlands from March to June 2020. We identify four key themes developing over time. In relation to evolving COVID-19 prevention policies, (a) the lockdown interrupted life and experiences of temporality. (b) Following the lockdown, risk management changed from fear to insecurities and (c) simultaneously, emotion management transitioned from solidarity to fragmentation. (d) Increasingly, pragmatic considerations allowed parents to tackle uncertainties and created room to normalize everyday life. We studied “change” by using a novel conceptual model for temporality and found distinct temporalities in parents’ accounts. In sum, we interpret this as a shift from danger to uncertainty, induced by policy shifts and pragmatically translating those to the lifeworld.
Economic Evaluation of Palliative Care Interventions: A Review of the Evolution of Methods From 2011 to 2019
Authors: Parackal Anna , Ramamoorthi Karishini , Tarride Jean-Eric
Published: May 2021

Background:

End-of-life care is a driver of increasing healthcare costs; however, palliative care interventions may significantly reduce these costs. Economic evaluations that measure the incremental cost per quality adjusted life years (QALY) are warranted to inform cost-effectiveness of the intervention relative to a comparator and permit evaluation of investment against other therapeutic interventions. Evidence from the literature up to 2011 indicates a scarcity of cost-utility studies in palliative care research.

Aim:

This literature review evaluates economic studies published between 2011 and 2019 to determine whether the methods of economic evaluations have evolved since 2011.

Design and Data Sources:

A literature search was completed using CENTRAL, OVID MEDLINE, EMBASE and other sources for publications between 2011 and 2019. Study characteristics, methodology and key findings of publications that met the inclusion criteria were reviewed. Quality of studies were assessed using indicators developed by authors of the previous literature review.

Results:

46 papers were included for qualitative synthesis. Among them only 6 studies conducted formal cost-effectiveness evaluations-of these 5 measured QALYs and 1 employed probabilistic analyses. In addition, with the exception of 1 costing analysis, all other economic evaluations undertook a healthcare payer perspective. Quality of evidence were comparable to the previous literature review published in 2011.

Conclusion:

Despite the small increase in the number of cost-utility studies, the methods of palliative care economic evaluations have not evolved significantly since 2011. More probabilistic cost-utility analyses of palliative care interventions from a societal perspective are necessary to truly evaluate the value for money.
Physical Function and Pain Interference Levels of Hallux Rigidus Patients Before and After Synthetic Cartilage Implant vs Arthrodesis Surgery
Authors: Joo Peter Y. , Baumhauer Judith F. , Waldman Olivia , Hoffman Samantha , Houck Jeffrey , Kohring Jessica M. , Flemister A. Samuel , Ketz John P. , DiGiovanni Benedict F. , Oh Irvin
Published: May 2021

Background:

Hallux rigidus is a common and painful degenerative condition of the great toe limiting a patient’s physical function and quality of life. The purpose of this study was to investigate pre- and postoperative physical function (PF) and pain interference (PI) levels of patients undergoing synthetic cartilage implant hemiarthroplasty (SCI) vs arthrodesis (AD) for treatment of hallux rigidus using the Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS).

Methods:

PROMIS PF and PI t scores were analyzed for patients who underwent either SCI or AD. Postoperative final PROMIS t scores were obtained via phone survey. Linear mixed model analysis was used to assess differences in PF and PI at each follow-up point. Final follow-up scores were analyzed using independent sample t tests.

Results:

Total 181 (59 SCI, 122 AD) operatively managed patients were included for analysis of PROMIS scores. Final phone survey was performed at a minimum of 14 (mean 33, range, 14-59) months postoperatively, with 101 patients (40 SCI, 61 AD) successfully contacted. The mean final follow-up was significantly different for SCI and AD: 27 vs 38 months, respectively ( P < .01). The mean age of the SCI cohort was lower than the AD cohort (57.5 vs 61.5 years old, P = .01). Average PF t scores were higher in the SCI cohort at baseline (47.1 and 43.9, respectively, P = .01) and at final follow-up (51.4 vs 45.9, respectively, P < .01). A main effect of superior improvement in PF was noted in the SCI group (+4.3) vs the AD group (+2) across time intervals ( P < .01). PI t scores were similar between the 2 procedures across time points.

Conclusion:

The SCI cohort reported slightly superior PF t scores preoperatively and at most follow-up time points compared with the arthrodesis group. No differences were found for PI or complication rates between the 2 treatment groups during this study time frame.

Level of Evidence:

Level IV, case series.
Prophylactic Anticoagulation With Intermediate-Dose Certoparin in Vascular-Risk Pregnancies—The PACER-VARP Registry
Authors: Grünewald Martin , Häge Esther , Lehnert Stephanie , Maier Christiane , Schimke Alexandra , Bramlage Peter , Güth Martina
Published: May 2021

The management of pregnant women at increased risk of thromboembolic/other vascular events is still a matter of debate. In a single-center, retrospective, observational trial, we analyzed the safety and efficacy of prophylactic anticoagulation with certoparin in pregnant women at intermediate- or high-risk by EThIG criteria of thromboembolic/other vascular events. Subcutaneous certoparin 8,000 IU once daily was administered immediately after pregnancy confirmation and continued for 6 weeks postpartum. We investigated 74 pregnancies (49 women; mean age 31.8 years; weight 77.3 kg). Most prevalent risk factors were factor V Leiden mutation (40.5%), thrombogenic factor II mutation (12.2%) and protein S deficiency (8.1%). In 76 control pregnancies prior to registry inclusion/without anticoagulation there were 14 cases [18.4%] of venous thromboembolism (between week 7 gestation and week 8 postpartum); 63.2% pregnancies resulted in abortion (median week 8.6 gestation). With certoparin anticoagulation, thromboembolism was 1.4%, exclusively non-major bleeding was 4.1% and abortion was 10.8%. One case of pre-eclampsia necessitating obstetric intervention occurred. Prophylactic anticoagulation with intermediate-dose certoparin throughout pregnancies at increased venous vascular risk was safe and effective.
Assessing the Quality of SK&A’s Office-Based Physician Database for Identifying Oncologists
Authors: Valdez Samuel , Jacobson Mireille
Published: May 2021

Health services research increasingly uses commercial databases that capture provider practice characteristics. Little is known about how these data sets compare along other dimensions with publicly available data. We assess the quality of one of the most commonly used commercial databases, SK&A’s office-based physician database, for capturing oncologists who bill the Medicare fee-for-service program. Using 2017 data, we find that nearly 74% of the oncologists in Medicare claims can be found in the SK&A data. Weighted by patients, service volume, or spending, match rates increase to 77%, 96%, and 92%, respectively. Matched oncologists have a high concordance (above 95%) on subspecialty as well as contact information other than street address. Oncologists who appear only in Medicare tend to have low service volumes and spending relative to those who are matched while over half of oncologists who appear only in SK&A have a pediatric subspecialty.
The Role of Pharmacists in Home Health Care: A Study Set in a Regional Hospital in Taipei City
Authors: Chen Mei-Ju , Kao Feng-Hsia
Published: May 2021

In response to population aging, there is an increase in demand for the coverage of and the necessary services provided by home health care and home care for socially vulnerable groups. This study explored whether the instructions and recommendations offered by pharmacists during their home visits play a key role in the factors that influence a patient’s prognosis. A home health care database was analyzed in this study. The subjects received home visits from pharmacists. There were 262 subjects following the exclusion of closed cases that were not due to improved outcomes or death. To validate the research framework, multiple regression analysis was employed for model validation. The level of consciousness and Barthel Index score mediated the effects of multimorbidities, and these mediating effects significantly affected patient outcomes (improvement or death). The medication-related knowledge and instructions for correct medication use provided by pharmacists did not exhibit significant moderating effects on the influence of a patient’s level of consciousness and Barthel Index score on their improved outcomes. However, the pharmacists’ provision of instructions and recommendations for patient self-care had significant moderating effects on the path by which patients with multimorbidities experienced improved outcomes through higher total Barthel Index scores. In comparison with physician home visits, which merely cover the treatments for diseases, pharmacists also play a vital role in home health care. Pharmacists provide patients with medication-related knowledge and instructions for correct medication use. This study addressed aspects that have not been considered in previous studies.
Join In . . . and Drop Out? Firm Adoption of and Disengagement From Voluntary Environmental Programs
Authors: Callery Patrick J.
Published: May 2021

Voluntary environmental programs (VEPs) offer opportunities for companies and stakeholders to improve environmental outcomes valued by society in the absence of regulatory mandates. Research has addressed numerous antecedents for firm adoption of VEPs, enhancing knowledge of how stakeholders and firms engage on substantive issues of public importance. However, program adoption is dynamic, and stagnant participation rates may threaten program longevity when firms do not realize expected benefits. Prior literature has not sufficiently addressed the factors that compel firms to drop out. In this study I articulate three consequential drivers of firm commitment to VEPs—transparency, effort, and achievement—and empirically estimate their effects on firm disengagement from one such prominent program: CDP (formerly known as Carbon Disclosure Project). Findings indicate that firm transparency and effort represent powerful commitment mechanisms driving continued program participation. This study contributes to theory over multiple literatures related to VEP participation and offers practical guidance for both VEPs and firms.
Breastfeeding in Context: African American Women’s Normative Referents, Salient Identities, and Perceived Social Norms
Authors: Villalobos Aubrey Van Kirk , Davis Catasha , Turner Monique Mitchell , Long Sahira , Hull Shawnika , Lapinski Maria Knight
Published: May 2021

The purpose of this study was to describe social norms and salient social identities related to breastfeeding intentions among African American mothers in Washington, D.C. Five focus groups were held with 30 mothers who gave birth to a child between 2016 and 2019. Two coders conducted pragmatic thematic analysis. This study demonstrated that women hold different identities relevant to making infant feeding decisions, with mother being primary and race/ethnicity, age, and relationship status factoring into how they define themselves. Mothers drew their perceptions of what is common and accepted from family, friends, the “Black community,” and what they perceived visually in their geographic area and heard from their health care providers. Mothers believed breastfeeding to be increasing in popularity and acceptability in African American communities in Washington, D.C., but not yet the most common or accepted mode of feeding, with some variability by socioeconomic status group. Implications for public health communication and social marketing are discussed.
Serving Diverse Customers: The Impact of Cultural Intelligence on Employee Burnout, Engagement, and Job Satisfaction
Authors: Min Hyounae (Kelly) , Kim Hyun Jeong , Agrusa Jerome
Published: May 2021

This study examined the impact of cultural intelligence (CQ) on three key work-related attitudinal outcomes (burnout, engagement and job satisfaction) in a structural equation model. Data were collected from 288 restaurant employees in Hawaii, United States, where restaurant patrons are culturally diverse. Among the four dimensions of CQ (metacognitive, cognitive, motivational, and behavioral), cognitive and motivational CQ played a primary role in the proposed model. Motivational CQ predicted employee burnout and engagement; cognitive CQ predicted engagement. In addition, both motivational and cognitive CQs had an indirect influence on job satisfaction through engagement or burnout. Unlike previous studies of people who are studying or working abroad, this study indicates that CQ can be a salient personal resource for hospitality employees in their home countries but who have diverse customers. Theoretical and practical implications are discussed based on the findings of this research.
Investigation of local hot spots in sealing rings with different sealing materials
Authors: Gong Ran , Li Xiang , Xu Yi , Zhang He
Published: May 2021

The local high temperature in the sealing pair is prone to cause local wear, which easily leads to seal failure. In this paper, a numerical method based on the finite element method is proposed to investigate the local high-temperature hot spot in a sealing ring with different sealing materials. The distribution of hot spots on the sealing surface is visualized by numerical computations. The critical speeds of the hot spot for the metal, composite, and powder metallurgical sealing materials are obtained under different friction coefficients. Based on the obtained results, the quantitative correlation between the critical speed of the hot spot and elastic modulus, thermal conductivity, specific heat capacity, thermal expansion coefficient, and seal sizes is determined. Then, a test method is designed to evaluate the thermal instability of the sealing ring. Scanning electron microscopy is utilized to examine the surface morphology of the sealing rings after the hot spots appear. The results of the present study demonstrate that the proposed method is consistent with the experiment. It indicates the effectiveness of the simulation method for investigating local hot spots in the sealing ring.
Torsion-based layout optimization of shear walls using multi-objective water cycle algorithm
Authors: Dehnavipour Hamid , Meshki Hossein , Naderpour Hosein
Published: May 2021

In shear wall-based buildings, locating the shear wall in plan has an important role in the resistance of seismic loading. In this article, the minimum torsion is considered as one of the main goals for optimal layout of shear walls, unlike the common method that accepts a certain torsion limit. The method presented is in accordance with the principles of design codes with emphasis on reaching the least possible torsion effect. By using a multi-objective function, based on the Pareto solutions, the torsion function behaves against the cost of a structure subjected to constraints of flexural strength, shear strength, and drift. This approach has the ability to layout shear walls in irregular plans and those which have high architectural limits. Also, it can fulfill the main goal of a structural engineer in order to satisfy the requirements of an architectural plan and obtain its minimum torsion effect as well. This method has been applied to various types of regular and irregular plans according to the classification of seismic design codes. Results show that besides minimizing the cost, the torsion effect reaches the minimum possible value considered by the seismic design code, as compared with other methods.
Self-description in everyday interaction: Generalizations about oneself as accounts of behavior
Authors: Visapää Laura
Published: May 2021

This article suggests that there are systematic ways in which the identity of the ‘self’, as created and performed through first-person markers, can be made relevant and consequential in particular episodes of interaction. More specifically, the study looks at generalizations that people present about themselves in local interactional contexts: displays of the types of people they are and the ways in which they always or never behave (‘I am this kind of person’, ‘I never do this’). It will be shown that such self-generalizations are typically used to account for one’s behavior, and that this tendency is tied to the epistemic and moral rights provided by the first-person perspective, having the primary rights to one’s own experience. The study suggests that speakers’ personal characteristics or habitual behavior can be offered as a locally produced micro-identity, which can come to have interactional significance.
The carceral production of transgender poverty: How racialized gender policing deprives transgender women of housing and safety
Authors: Yarbrough Dilara
Published: May 2021

Based on interviews and ethnography, this article analyzes how racialized gender policing in public space and service organizations deprives transgender women of survival resources. Although transgender women are disproportionately the targets of enforcement, most studies of the criminalization of homelessness, drug use, sex work and migration exclude their experiences. Studies that do include transgender women often focus narrowly on anti-prostitution laws and enforcement, overlooking other laws and policies that contribute to criminalization and poverty. This article analyzes the confluence between policing of transgender women’s identities and survival strategies in public space and in agencies meant to serve poor people (including shelters, drug treatment facilities and transitional living programs). Laws regulating access to public space combine with rules regulating gender in service organizations to both criminalize and create transgender poverty. More broadly, the carceral production of transgender poverty demonstrates that criminalization is not only a consequence but also a cause of both poverty and inequality.
Bayesian adjustment for measurement error in an offset variable in a Poisson regression model
Authors: Zhang Kangjie , Liu Juxin , Liu Yang , Zhang Peng , Carroll Raymond J.
Published: May 2021

Fatal car crashes are the leading cause of death among teenagers in the USA. The Graduated Driver Licensing (GDL) programme is one effective policy for reducing the number of teen fatal car crashes. Our study focuses on the number of fatal car crashes in Michigan during 1990–2004 excluding 1997, when the GDL started. We use Poisson regression with spatially dependent random effects to model the county level teen car crash counts. We develop a measurement error model to account for the fact that the total teenage population in the county level is used as a proxy for the teenage driver population. To the best of our knowledge, there is no existing literature that considers adjustment for measurement error in an offset variable. Furthermore, limited work has addressed the measurement errors in the context of spatial data. In our modelling, a Berkson measurement error model with spatial random effects is applied to adjust for the error-prone offset variable in a Bayesian paradigm. The Bayesian Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) sampling is implemented in rstan. To assess the consequence of adjusting for measurement error, we compared two models with and without adjustment for measurement error. We found the effect of a time indicator becomes less significant with the measurement-error adjustment. It leads to our conclusion that the reduced number of teen drivers can help explain, to some extent, the effectiveness of GDL.
Are adult learners in Europe happier than non-learners? Statistical evidence from the European Social Survey
Authors: Boeren Ellen
Published: May 2021

This paper borrows insights from the literature on European welfare regimes to analyse the relationship between happiness and participation in adult education. The academic literature and policy discourses on adult education tend to claim that participation in learning is correlated with happiness despite the lack of strong European comparative empirical evidence on this topic. This paper uses data from the latest Wave of the European Social Survey to analyse the happiness perceptions of nearly 20,000 adults between the ages of 25 and 64 who live in 16 European countries (15 European Union countries and the United Kingdom). Results indicate that while adult learners on average tend to be happier than non-learners, this correlation weakens when controlling for determinants of participation and happiness and for the countries in which these adults live. Confirming the importance of welfare regimes, this study found that adults in Finland tend to be happier than those in other countries, regardless of their participation in adult education. Happiness scores were lowest in Bulgaria and Hungary, countries with low participation rates in adult education and with the biggest differences in happiness scores between learners and non-learners. It is argued that the presence of well-structured adult learning provision might be an important characteristic of welfare regimes but that happiness is determined by much more than being an adult learner.
Relation Between Sensorimotor Rhythm During Motor Attempt/Imagery and Upper-Limb Motor Impairment in Stroke
Authors: Chen Shugeng , Shu Xiaokang , Jia Jie , Wang Hewei , Ding Li , He Zhijie , Brauer Sandra , Zhu Xiangyang
Published: May 2021

Motor attempt (MA)/motor imagery (MI)-based brain–computer interface (BCI) is a newly developing rehabilitation technology for motor impairment. This study aims to explore the relationship between electroencephalography sensorimotor rhythm and motor impairment to provide reference for a BCI design. Twenty-eight stroke survivors with varying levels of motor dysfunction and spasticity status in the subacute or chronic stage were enrolled in the study to perform MA and MI tasks. Event-related desynchronization (ERD)/event-related synchronization (ERS) during and immediately after motor tasks were calculated. The Fugl–Meyer assessment scale (FMA) and the modified Ashworth scale (MAS) were applied to characterize upper-limb motor dysfunction and spasticity. There was a positive correlation between FMA total scores and ERS in the contralesional hemisphere in the MI task ( P < .05) and negative correlations between FMA total scores and ERD in both hemispheres in the MA task ( P < .05). Negative correlations were found between MAS scores of wrist flexors and ERD in the ipsilesional hemisphere ( P < .05) in the MA task. It suggests that motor dysfunction may be more correlated to ERS in the MI task and to ERD in the MA task while spasticity may be more correlated to ERD in the MA task.
Use of Implant-Mediated Guided Growth With Tension Band Plate in Skeletally Immature Patients With Knee Pathology: A Retrospective Review
Authors: Ellsworth Bridget K. , Aitchison Alexandra H. , Fabricant Peter D. , Green Daniel W.
Published: May 2021

Background: Skeletally immature patients with coronal plane angular deformity (CPAD) may be at increased risk for intra-articular pathology and patellofemoral instability (PFI). These patients may be candidates for implant-mediated guided growth (IMGG) procedures with tension band plates to address CPAD in addition to procedures for concomitant knee pathology. However, there are limited data on performing these procedures simultaneously. Questions/Purpose: We sought to demonstrate the feasibility of combined procedures to address both knee pathology and concomitant CPAD using IMGG in skeletally immature patients. Methods: We conducted a retrospective review of skeletally immature patients who underwent IMGG and concomitant surgery for anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction, osteochondritis dissecans repair, meniscus pathology, or PFI at a single institution by 2 surgeons between 2008 and 2019. Data on demographics, surgical details, follow-up, and complications were recorded. Deformity correction was assessed in a subset of eligible patients. Results: Of 29 patients meeting inclusion criteria, deformity correction was assessed in a subset of 17 patients (15 valgus, 2 varus). At final follow-up, 16 of 17 patients had mechanical tibiofemoral (mTFA) angles of <5° of varus or valgus. One patient developed “rebound” valgus >5° after plate removal. Conclusions: The IMGG performed in the setting of treating intra-articular knee pathology is feasible and should be considered for skeletally immature patients with CPAD undergoing surgery for concomitant knee pathology.
Place – The final frontier: Exploring the outer reaches of collaborative agency using the Japanese concept of Ba
Authors: Robinson Jennifer L , Renshaw Phil St J
Published: May 2021

Scholars within the field of Leadership-as-Practice (LAP) address the way that individuals ‘transcend their own immediate embeddedness’ to achieve volitional coherence known as collaborative agency. The process of collaborative agency is described as inseparable from LAP, yet it remains a nascent field of enquiry requiring additional empirical research. This article presents an investigation of collaborative agency through an abductive case study using video ethnography and interviews. To interpret our results, we turn to the Japanese ideogram for ‘place’, known as ‘Ba’. Rather than a physical reality, Ba is considered an existential space in which leadership groups weave together to create and ripen collaborative agency. Ba guides us to look across and around a group and its socio-material practice. We find that collaborative agency is trans-subjective in nature and sits on a spectrum on which we identify the outer reaches, from one end where Ba is woven through to the other end, called Collapse. We suggest that the place of leadership is within the warp and weft of collaborative agency, including but not limited to a special place woven in Ba where collaborative agency is high and where the group reports they are able to transcend their individualism.
In Silico Molecular Docking and Interaction Analysis of Traditional Chinese Medicines Against SARS-CoV-2 Receptor
Authors: Li Gang , Zhou Wei , Zhao Xiurong , Xie Ying
Published: May 2021

The novel coronavirus, 2019-nCoV, has led to a major pandemic in 2020 and is responsible for more than 2.9 million officially recorded deaths worldwide. As well as synthetic anti-viral drugs, there is also a need to explore natural herbal remedies. The Traditional Chinese Medicines (TCMs) system has been used for thousands of years for the prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of several chronic diseases. In this paper, we performed an in silico molecular docking and interaction analysis of TCMs against SARS-CoV-2 receptor RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp). We obtained the 5 most effective plant compounds which had a better binding affinity towards the target receptor protein. These compounds areforsythoside A, rutin, ginkgolide C, icariside II, and nolinospiroside E. The top-ranked compound, based on docking score, was nolinospiroside, a glycoside found in Ophiopogon japonicas that has antioxidant properties. Protein-ligand interaction analysis discerned that nolinospiroside formed a strong bond between ARG 349 of the protein receptor and the carboxylate group of the ligand, forming a stable complex. Hence, nolinospiroside could be deployed as a lead compound against SARS-CoV-2 infection that can be further investigated for its potential benefits in curbing the viral infection.
Understanding and Promoting Racial Diversity in Healthcare Settings to Address Disparities in Pandemic Crisis Management
Authors: Sarfraz Azza , Sarfraz Zouina , Barrios Alanna , Agadi Kuchalambal , Thevuthasan Sindhu , Pandav Krunal , KC Manish , Sarfraz Muzna , Rad Pedram , Michel George
Published: May 2021

Background:

Health disparities have become apparent since the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic. When observing racial discrimination in healthcare, self-reported incidences, and perceptions among minority groups in the United States suggest that, the most socioeconomically underrepresented groups will suffer disproportionately in COVID-19 due to synergistic mechanisms. This study reports racially-stratified data regarding the experiences and impacts of different groups availing the healthcare system to identify disparities in outcomes of minority and majority groups in the United States.

Methods:

Studies were identified utilizing PubMed, Embase, CINAHL Plus, and PsycINFO search engines without date and language restrictions. The following keywords were used: Healthcare, raci*, ethnic*, discriminant, hosti*, harass*, insur*, education, income, psychiat*, COVID-19, incidence, mortality, mechanical ventilation. Statistical analysis was conducted in Review Manager (RevMan V.5.4). Unadjusted Odds Ratios, P-values, and 95% confidence intervals were presented.

Results:

Discrimination in the United States is evident among racial groups regarding medical care portraying mental risk behaviors as having serious outcomes in the health of minority groups. The perceived health inequity had a low association to the majority group as compared to the minority group (OR = 0.41; 95% CI = 0.22 to 0.78; P = .007), and the association of mental health problems to the Caucasian-American majority group was low (OR = 0.51; 95% CI = 0.45 to 0.58; P < .001).

Conclusion:

As the pandemic continues into its next stage, efforts should be taken to address the gaps in clinical training and education, and medical practice to avoid the recurring patterns of racial health disparities that become especially prominent in community health emergencies. A standardized tool to assess racial discrimination and inequity will potentially improve pandemic healthcare delivery.