bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Social capital is not for sale: a supply network perspective on mergers and acquisitions
Authors: Chakkol Mehmet , Finne Max , Raja Jawwad Z. , Johnson Mark
Published: August 2018

Purpose

Mergers and acquisitions (M&As) often lead to significant changes in the focal supply networks, hence disrupting firm-level relationships. Little is known about the supply network implications of M&As, which can be a major issue, especially for firms acquiring competitors that share suppliers, customers and associated resources. Using social capital as a theoretical lens, this research aims to investigate the implications of an acquisition on supply network relationships.

Design/methodology/approach

The acquisition of a large truck manufacturer by its competitor is investigated using an exploratory case study methodology. A total of 24 interviews were conducted across ten companies in the focal supply network with an analysis of financial data.

Findings

The findings from the study provide evidence that firms seeking to acquire such relationships cannot directly buy the social capital embedded within those relationships. They identify pre-acquisition characteristics and post-integration factors to understand how the supply network as a whole draws on the structural, cognitive and relational dimensions of social capital to address discrepancies in the merging network.

Originality/value

This study depicts an empirically grounded, theory-based account of a post-acquisition supply network integration process, showing how an M&A can drastically impact customer and supplier network relationships. The main contribution of this paper lies in extending our understanding of how social capital cannot be simply transferred from one organisation to another during an M&A. Rather, this work illustrates how social capital in supply networks is transformed by considering the pre- and post-acquisition social capital dynamics of the merging networks.
Literature analysis of the evaluation of public training programmes in the USA, Europe and China: Implications for the evaluation of farmer training programmes in China
Authors: Wang Mei , Burgess John , Xiao Yacheng
Published: August 2018

This review aims to inform the evaluation of Chinese farmer training programmes through comparison with studies assessing public training programmes in the USA and Europe. The results of comparative analysis from 62 studies in the USA, Europe and Mainland China suggest that evaluation studies of the farmer training programme should measure the effectiveness of farmer training on agricultural income. Considering the cost and availability of data, cross‐section estimation may be an effective way to evaluate the effectiveness of farmer training programmes in China, but on the basis of controlling the initial demographic characteristics of samples. In particular, political status (whether a party member of Communist Party of China or not), position (whether village cadre or not) and region of residence are considered to be important determinants that impact the effectiveness of farmer training programmes in China. This review sets out directions for the future study of Chinese training programmes, with particular emphasis given to the need for research into the causal effects of different training courses, the dynamic effects arising from variation in the duration of training, and the medium‐run or long‐run effects of training programmes.
Diverse Profiles of Biofilm and Adhesion Genes in Staphylococcus Aureus Food Strains Isolated from Sushi and Sashimi
Authors: Puah Suat Moi , Tan Jin Ai Mary Anne , Chew Ching Hoong , Chua Kek Heng
Published: August 2018

Staphylococcus aureus is able to form multilayer biofilms embedded within a glycocalyx or slime layer. Biofilm formation poses food contamination risks and can subsequently increase the risk of food poisoning. Identification of food‐related S. aureus strains will provide additional data on staphylococcal food poisoning involved in biofilm formation. A total of 52 S. aureus strains isolated from sushi and sashimi was investigated to study their ability for biofilm formation using crystal violet staining. The presence of accessory gene regulator (agr) groups and 15 adhesion genes was screened and their associations in biofilm formation were studied. All 52 S. aureus strains showed biofilm production on the tested hydrophobic surface with 44% (23/52) strains classified as strong, 33% (17/52) as moderate, and 23% (12/52) as weak biofilm producers. The frequency of agr‐positive strains was 71% (agr group 1 = 21 strains; agr group 2 = 2 strains; agr group 3 = 12 strains; agr group 4 = 2 strains) whereas agr‐negative strains were 29% (15/52). Twelve adhesion genes were detected and 98% of the S. aureus strains carried at least one adhesion gene. The ebps was significantly (p < .05) associated with strong biofilm producing strains. In addition, eno, clfA, icaAD, sasG, fnbB, cna, and sasC were significantly higher in the agr‐positive group compared to the agr‐negative group. The results of this study suggest that the presence of ebps, eno, clfA, icaAD, sasG, fnbB, cna, and sasC may play an important role in enhancing the stage of biofilm‐related infections and warrants further investigation.

Practical Application

This work contributes to the knowledge on the biofilm formation and the distribution of agr groups in S. aureus strains as well as microbial surface components in recognizing adherence matrix molecules of organisms isolated from ready‐to‐eat sushi and sashimi. The findings provide valuable information to further study the roles of specific genes in causing biofilm‐related infections.
Utility of CT imaging in a novel form of high‐dose‐rate intraoperative breast radiation therapy
Authors: Hassinger Taryn E , Showalter Timothy N , Schroen Anneke T , Brenin David R , Berger Adam C , Libby Bruce , Showalter Shayna L
Published: August 2018

Introduction

Intraoperative radiation therapy (IORT) is an alternative to whole breast radiation following breast conserving surgery. Conventional breast IORT is limited by lack of cross‐sectional imaging. In response, our institution developed Precision Breast IORT (PB‐IORT) which utilizes intraoperative computed tomography (CT) images for confirmation of brachytherapy applicator placement and for treatment planning. The purpose of this study was to determine the utility of CT imaging in PB‐IORT in the first 103 patients treated in two prospective clinical trials.

Methods

We retrospectively reviewed the first 103 patients treated with PB‐IORT. All patients underwent breast surgery and placement of a multi‐lumen brachytherapy applicator. Patients had a CT scan followed by high‐dose‐rate (HDR) brachytherapy. Endpoints were the number of patients having more than one CT during PB‐IORT and the number of treatment plans having image‐based modifications.

Results

After initial CT scan, 27 patients (26.2%) had findings prompting surgical applicator adjustment. One patient underwent an additional scan to localize a biopsy clip and aid in excision to negative margin. Eighty‐one patients (78.6%) had dosimetry modifications based on CT findings with 36 plans (35.0%) adjusted to protect the skin or chest wall and 45 plans (43.7%) to protect both the skin and chest wall.

Conclusions

Computed tomography findings prompted treatment alterations in the majority of patients treated with PB‐IORT to enhance tissue conformity and to sculpt the radiation dose away from normal tissues. CT imaging is unique to PB‐IORT. These findings suggest the potential clinical superiority of PB‐IORT given its allowance for patient‐specific alterations.
Trends and Characterization of Academic Emergency Department Patient Visits: A Five‐year Review
Authors: Peterson Susan M. , Harbertson Cathi A. , Scheulen James J. , Kelen Gabor D.
Published: August 2018

Objectives

To meet the unique comparative data needs of academic emergency departments (EDs), we describe the recent 5‐year national and regional trends for adult emergency patients’ characteristics and operational parameters at academic emergency medical centers.

Methods

Data collected from the recent 5‐year period academic year (AY) 2012 through AY 2016 of the Academy of Administrators in Academic Emergency Medicine (AAAEM) and the Association of Academic Chairs of Emergency Medicine (AACEM) Academic Emergency Medicine Benchmarking Survey were analyzed for trends in 1) ED volumes and modes of arrival, 2) triage acuity level, 3) trends in ED professional fee billing, and 4) disposition patterns of ED patients including admission rates and walkouts. The AY spanned the 12‐month period of July 1 through June 30. Only primary academic or academic affiliate hospitals data were included. Community and freestanding affiliated EDs were excluded. Institutional‐specific data were stratified into four cohorts based on the following annual ED visit volumes: under 40,000, 40,000 to 60,000, 60,000 to 80,000, and over 80,000. Triage acuity levels were based on the Emergency Severity Index (ESI). Professional fee billing was analyzed specifically for CPT codes 99284, 99285, and 99291 (critical care). Left without being seen (LWBS), defined as leaving before a screening examine by a licensed medical provider, and screened and left (SAL), i.e., patients who were screened by a provider, but left before definitive evaluation and management, were similarly evaluated. Total walkouts were defined as the sum of LWBS and SAL.

Results

Forty‐four primary academic and academic affiliate sites completed the survey for all 5 years. The mean annual patient census increased 13.4% over the study period, with the majority (80%) of sites experiencing volume growth. Acuity/illness severity, measured as ESI 1 and 2, and CPT codes 99284, 99295, and 99291 increased an aggregate 18.2 and 8.4%, respectively. Large‐volume hospitals (>60,000–80,000, >80,000) admissions increased by 15 and 21.6%, respectively, primarily due to surge in 2016. Overall emergency medical services (EMS) arrivals increased 7.3% although admissions from EMS remained relatively stable. LWBS rates decreased 19.5%, but total walkouts did not appear to change.

Conclusion

With a focus on larger academic institutions, differences were noted in the overall increases in volume and acuity. In this survey, participating institutions experienced increased volumes of patients with seemingly higher illness severity. While inroads have been made in LWBS rates, there has not been an overall decrease in total walkouts. The data reported here differed in many aspects compared to other benchmark surveys.
Impact of Concomitant Mitral Valve Surgery With LVAD Placement: Systematic Review and Meta‐Analysis
Authors: Choi Jae H. , Luc Jessica G.Y. , Moncho Escrivá Ester , Phan Kevin , Rizvi Syed S. A. , Patel Sinal , Entwistle John W. , Morris Rohinton J. , Massey H. T. , Tchantchaleishvili Vakhtang
Published: August 2018

The aim of this systematic review and meta‐analysis was to evaluate the outcomes of concomitant mitral valve surgery for significant preexisting mitral regurgitation (MR) in patients undergoing continuous‐flow left ventricular assist device (CF‐LVAD) implantation. Electronic search was performed to identify all studies in the English literature examining concurrent mitral valve surgery in patients with CF‐LVAD implantation. Identified articles were systematically assessed for inclusion and exclusion criteria. Of 2319 studies identified, 8 studies were included. Among 445 patients with moderate to severe or severe MR, 113 (25.4%) patients received concurrent mitral valvular intervention during CF‐LVAD implantation. There were no significant differences in cardiopulmonary bypass time (MR Surgery 154 min vs. no MR Surgery 119 min, P = 0.64) or hospital length of stay (MR Surgery 21 days vs. no MR Surgery 18 days, P = 0.93). On follow‐up, there were no significant differences in freedom from greater than moderate MR (MR Surgery 100% vs. no MR Surgery 74%, P = 0.12) or left ventricular end‐diastolic diameter (MR Surgery: 60 mm vs. no MR Surgery 65 mm, P = 0.51). Survival was comparable at 6‐months (MR Surgery 77% vs. no MR Surgery 81%, P = 0.75), 1‐year (MR Surgery 72% vs. no MR Surgery 80%, P = 0.36), and 2‐years of follow‐up (MR Surgery 65% vs. no MR Surgery 70%, P = 0.56). The results of our systematic review and meta‐analysis of 8 studies consisting of 445 patients demonstrates that the addition of mitral valve intervention to CF‐LVAD implantation appears to be safe with comparable survival to those undergoing CF‐LVAD implantation alone. Large prospective randomized clinical trials are needed to elucidate whether concomitant mitral valve intervention during CF‐LVAD implantation in patients with severe MR is necessary.
Screening the Past: Reflexivity, Repetition and the Spectator in Lola Arias' Minefield/Campo minado (2016)
Authors: MAGUIRE GEOFFREY
Published: August 2018

This article examines the role performed by the autobiographical body in Lola Arias' documentary play Minefield (2016). Through a ‘hypermedial’ representation of the cultural memory archive, Arias challenges dominant perspectives towards the Malvinas/Falklands conflict by repeatedly using screens, recording devices and documentary footage to highlight the mediation and subjectivity inherent in both individual and collective memories of the past. By engaging with recent work on documentary theatre and live performance, this article reflects on how Minefield's narrative repetition and formal reflexivity demand, though ultimately confound, an empathetic connection between performer and audience.
Impact of thyroid surgery volume and pathologic detection on risk of thyroid cancer: A geographical analysis in the Rhône‐Alpes region of France
Authors: Hafdi‐Nejjari Zakia , Abbas‐Chorfa Fatima , Decaussin‐Petrucci Myriam , Berger Nicole , Couray‐Targe Sandrine , Schott Anne‐Marie , Sturm Nathalie , Dumollard Jean Marc , Roux Jean Jacques , Beschet Isabelle , Colonna Marc , Delafosse Patricia , Lifante Jean Christophe , Borson‐Chazot Françoise , Sassolas Geneviève
Published: August 2018

Objective

To investigate the impact of the volume of thyroid surgery and pathologic detection on the risk of thyroid cancer.

Methods

We investigated the influence of the volume of thyroid surgery in a first study that included 23 384 thyroid surgeries and 5302 thyroid cancers collected between 2008 and 2013. Standardized incidence ratios (SIRs) and thyroid intervention rates (STIRs) were used as indicators of cancer risk and surgery volume, respectively. The influence of pathologic detection, using the number of cuts per gram of tissue as the indicator, was studied in a second study that included 1257 thyroid specimens, collected in 2014.

Results

We found departmental variations in SIRs and a significant effect of the STIR on the SIR (men, P = 0.0008; women, P < 0.0001). A 1/100 000 increase in the STIR resulted in a 3% and 1.3% increase in the SIR in men and women, respectively. This effect was greatest for microcancers and absent for tumours >4 cm. The risk of cancer diagnosis was significantly associated with the number of cuts per gram of tissue (OR 6.1, P < 0.001), and was greater for total thyroidectomy than for lobectomy (P = 0.014) and when FNA cytology had been preoperatively performed (P < 0.001). The prevalence of incidental microcancers was highest in the centres performing the highest number of cuts per gram.

Conclusions

The risk of thyroid cancer, particularly microcancer, is related to the volume of surgery and to the level of pathologist scrutiny. Both factors contribute to the increase in overdiagnosis. This further advocates for appropriate selection of patients for thyroid surgery.
Influence of a growth hormone transgene on the genetic architecture of growth‐related traits: A comparative analysis between transgenic and wild‐type coho salmon
Authors: Kodama Miyako , Naish Kerry A. , Devlin Robert H.
Published: August 2018

Genetic engineering has been increasingly applied to many commercially important plant and animal species, generating phenotypic changes that are not observed in natural populations and creating genetic interactions that have not experienced natural selection. The degree to and way in which such human‐induced genetic variation interacts with the rest of the genome is currently largely unknown. Integrating such information into ecological and risk assessment frameworks is crucial to understand the potential effects of genetically modified organisms in natural environments. Here, we performed QTL mapping to investigate the genetic architecture of growth‐related traits in nontransgenic (NT) and growth hormone transgenic (T) coho salmon with large changes in growth and related physiology, with the aim of identifying how an inserted transgene might influence the opportunity for selection. These fish shared the same parental genetic background, thus allowing us to determine whether the same or different loci influence these traits within the two groups. The use of over 1,700 loci, derived from restriction site‐associated DNA sequencing, revealed that different genomic regions were linked with growth over time between the two groups. Additionally, the effect sizes of detected QTL appear to have been influenced by the transgene. Direct comparison of QTL between the T and NT fish during two size‐matched periods identified little overlap in their location. Taken together, the results showed that the transgene altered the genetic basis of growth‐related traits in this species. The study has important implications for effective conservation and management of wild populations experiencing introduction of transgenes. Evolutionary changes and their ecological consequences may occur at different rates and in different directions in NT versus T individuals in response to selection. Thus, assessments of phenotypic change, and hence ecological risk, should be determined periodically to evaluate whether initial estimates made with founder strains remain valid.
A material model to reproduce mixed‐mode fracture in concrete
Authors: Suárez Fernando , Gálvez Jaime , Cendón David
Published: August 2018

This paper presents a material model to reproduce crack propagation in cement‐based material specimens under mixed‐mode loading. Its numerical formulation is based on the cohesive crack model, proposed by Hillerborg, and extended for the mixed‐mode case. This model is inspired by former works by Gálvez et al but implemented for its use in a finite element code at a material level, that is to say, at an integration point level. Among its main features, the model is able to predict the crack orientation and can reproduce the fracture behaviour under mixed‐mode fracture loading. In addition, several experimental results found in the literature are properly reproduced by the model.
Frequency‐dependent fatigue and corrosion fatigue assessment of brazed AISI 304L/BNi‐2 joints in air and synthetic exhaust gas condensate
Authors: Schmiedt Anke , Lücker Lukas , Manka Matthias , Tillmann Wolfgang , Walther Frank
Published: August 2018

Since brazed components are often cyclically loaded in corrosive environments, the corrosion fatigue behaviour of the joints has to be investigated. Fatigue tests of brazed AISI 304L/BNi‐2 joints, relevant for exhaust gas heat exchangers, were performed with specimens in the as‐received condition and after pre‐corrosion according to VDA 230‐214. Additionally, the superimposed corrosion fatigue loading in an exhaust gas condensate was realised using a corrosion cell. Corrosion‐induced and deformation‐induced microstructural changes were metallographically evaluated. The influence of the test frequency from 1 to 150 Hz on the cyclic deformation and damage behaviour was characterised. In a statistical analysis, the fatigue strength of 210 MPa at 2·107 cycles was determined for the as‐received condition with a 50% failure probability. The pre‐corrosion as well as the superimposed loading lead to a reduction of the fatigue strength down to 22%. A novel test strategy is suitable for precise fatigue and corrosion fatigue assessments.
Estimation of dry‐matter intake in lambs via field‐based NIR proximal sensing
Authors: Starks Patrick J. , Brown Michael A.
Published: August 2018

Dry‐matter intake (DMI) is difficult to measure. The potential of field‐based near‐infrared (NIR) proximal sensing as a means to quantify DMI is a logical extension of the findings of several researchers who demonstrated that benchtop NIR spectroscopy could be used to predict animal intake. Our objectives were to predict DMI from the relative feed value and the Relative Forage Quality equations and to compare these estimates to that measured in lambs. Proximally, sensed spectra of live forage were used to develop predictions of neutral detergent fibre, acid detergent fibre, in vitro true digestibility (IVTD) and crude protein which were used as inputs to the DMI equations. These prediction equations accounted for 68%, 87%, 84% and 71% of the variation in their measured counterparts, and when used in the DMI equations, accounted for about 80% and 79%, respectively, of the variation of that calculated using laboratory‐measured values. However, neither the laboratory‐ nor proximally sensed estimates of DMI were correlated with that measured DMI in the lambs. Proximally sensed IVTD was incorporated into a sheep‐based intake model where from 7% to 36% of the variability in measured DMI, depending on breed, was explained. This improvement in estimated DMI suggests: 1) that DMI equations based only on forage nutritive values are unlikely to provide acceptable estimates, and 2) that proximally sensed forage nutritive values incorporated into a more comprehensive model, such as that described by Freer, et al. (1997, Agric Syst, 54, 77) may provide a timely grazing decision support system.
eDoctor: machine learning and the future of medicine
Authors: Handelman G. S. , Kok H. K. , Chandra R. V. , Razavi A. H. , Lee M. J. , Asadi H.
Published: August 2018

Machine learning (ML) is a burgeoning field of medicine with huge resources being applied to fuse computer science and statistics to medical problems. Proponents of ML extol its ability to deal with large, complex and disparate data, often found within medicine and feel that ML is the future for biomedical research, personalized medicine, computer‐aided diagnosis to significantly advance global health care. However, the concepts of ML are unfamiliar to many medical professionals and there is untapped potential in the use of ML as a research tool. In this article, we provide an overview of the theory behind ML, explore the common ML algorithms used in medicine including their pitfalls and discuss the potential future of ML in medicine.
Complementary feeding practices among rural Bangladeshi mothers: Results from WASH Benefits study
Authors: Jannat Kaniz , Luby Stephen P. , Unicomb Leanne , Rahman Mahbubur , Winch Peter J. , Parvez Sarker M. , Das Kishor K. , Leontsini Elli , Ram Pavani K. , Stewart Christine P.
Published: August 2018

Inappropriate complementary feeding contributes to linear growth faltering in early childhood. Behaviour change interventions have been effective at improving practice, but few studies have investigated the effects of multicomponent integrated interventions. We conducted a cluster‐randomized controlled trial in rural Bangladesh in which geographic clusters were randomized into seven arms: water treatment (W), sanitation (S), handwashing (H), water, sanitation, and handwashing (WSH), improved nutrition with infant and young child feeding messages and lipid‐based nutrient supplementation for 6‐ to 24‐month olds (N), N+WSH, and control. The objective of this paper was to examine the independent and combined effects of interventions on indicators of complementary feeding. Approximately 1 and 2 years after initiation of the intervention, research assistants surveyed mothers about infant feeding practices. Complementary feeding was examined using the World Health Organization indicators of infant and young child feeding practices. We used Poisson regression models to estimate prevalence ratios and linear regression models for prevalence differences with clustered sandwich estimators to adjust for clustering. A total of 4,718 households from 720 clusters were surveyed at year 1 and 4,667 at year 2. The children in the nutrition arms had a higher prevalence of meeting the minimum dietary diversity score compared with controls (year 1: N: 66.4%; N+WSH: 65.0% vs. C:32.4%; year 2: N: 91.5%; N+WSH: 91.6% vs. C:77.7%). Children in the nutrition arms received diverse food earlier than the children in control arm. In addition, the average consumption of lipid‐based nutrient supplementation was >90% in each follow‐up. Nutrition‐specific interventions could be integrated with nutrition‐sensitive interventions such as WSH without compromising the uptake of the nutrition intervention.
Rapid drink challenge test for the clinical evaluation of patients with Achalasia
Authors: Marin Ingrid , Caballero Noemi , Guarner‐Argente Carlos , Serra Jordi
Published: August 2018

Background

Patients with achalasia develop a well‐defined obstructive pattern of pressure in response to a rapid drink challenge test (RDC). Our aim was to determine if successful treatment of achalasia can revert the obstructive pattern of pressure in response to the RDC, and if this simple test could be useful in the follow‐up of patients with achalasia.

Methods

In 26 healthy controls and 103 patients with achalasia, pressure responses to a RDC were prospectively analysed using high resolution esophageal manometry in two consecutive protocols: (a) Development study: one RDC was performed in 20 healthy controls, 63 patients with nontreated achalasia, and 21 patients with previously treated achalasia; (b) Validation study: two RDC were performed before, and 8‐12 weeks after treatment, in 19 patients with nontreated, newly diagnosed achalasia.

Key Results

In the development study no healthy control, 19% of patients with previously treated achalasia and 96% of patients with nontreated achalasia developed an obstructive pressure pattern during the RDC (P < 0.001). In the validation study, 100% of patients had an obstructive pressure pattern before treatment, that reverted to a nonobstructive pattern in 89% of patients after treatment (P < 0.001). The obstructive pressure pattern during the RDC correlated with clinical symptoms (Eckardt score > 3; P < 0.001), and with the height of the water column retained after the RDC, as assessed by impedance (P = 0.015).

Conclusions & Inferences

The RDC may objectively assess treatment outcome in patients with achalasia, and can be recommended in the evaluation of achalasia.
Psychological burden of pediatric primary immunodeficiency
Authors: Kayan Ocakoglu Binay , Karaca Neslihan Edeer , Ocakoglu Fevzi Tuna , Erermis Serpil
Published: August 2018

Background

Primary immunodeficiency disorder (PID), being a chronic disorder, may increase the prevalence of psychopathologies, but there are few studies on the effect of disease‐related factors on psychopathology in this population. The aim of this study was therefore to assess and compare three groups: children with PID who receive i.v. immunoglobulin treatment; children with juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA); and healthy controls with respect to their mental health status.

Methods

Forty‐four children with PID, 32 children with JIA and 30 healthy controls, underwent psychiatric evaluation. The Childhood Depression Inventory and the screen for child anxiety‐related emotional disorders questionnaire were completed by the participants. The child behavior checklist was completed by the mothers of the participants. In addition, disease‐related factors were identified.

Results

The frequency of mood disorders between the three groups differed. There was no difference between the PID and JIA groups with respect to the prevalence of mood disorders and other psychopathologies. The disease‐related factors were associated with the frequency of mood disorder in PID patients.

Conclusion

The rate of psychopathology was similar in patients with PID and JIA and higher than the controls. Some of the disease‐related factors were associated with the frequency of mood disorders in the PID patients.
Analgesic and anti‐inflammatory drugs in sports: Implications for exercise performance and training adaptations
Authors: Lundberg Tommy R. , Howatson Glyn
Published: August 2018

Over‐the‐counter analgesics, such as anti‐inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and paracetamol, are widely consumed by athletes worldwide to increase pain tolerance, or dampen pain and reduce inflammation from injuries. Given that these drugs also can modulate tissue protein turnover, it is important to scrutinize the implications of acute and chronic use of these drugs in relation to exercise performance and the development of long‐term training adaptations. In this review, we aim to provide an overview of the studies investigating the effects of analgesic drugs on exercise performance and training adaptations relevant for athletic development. There is emerging evidence that paracetamol might acutely improve important endurance parameters as well as aspects of neuromuscular performance, possibly through increased pain tolerance. Both NSAIDs and paracetamol have been demonstrated to inhibit cyclooxygenase (COX) activity, which might explain the reduced anabolic response to acute exercise bouts. Consistent with this, NSAIDs have been reported to interfere with muscle hypertrophy and strength gains in response to chronic resistance training in young individuals. Although it remains to be established whether any of these observations also translate into detriments in sport‐specific performance or reduced training adaptations in elite athletes, the extensive use of these drugs certainly raises practical, ethical, and important safety concerns that need to be addressed. Overall, we encourage greater awareness among athletes, coaches, and support staff on the potential adverse effects of these drugs. A risk‐benefit analysis and professional guidance are strongly advised before the athlete considers analgesic medicine for training or competition.
In Vivo
Efficacy of VT-1129 against Experimental Cryptococcal Meningitis with the Use of a Loading Dose-Maintenance Dose Administration Strategy
Authors: Wiederhold Nathan P. , Xu Xin , Wang Amy , Najvar Laura K. , Garvey Edward P. , Ottinger Elizabeth A. , Alimardanov Asaf , Cradock Jim , Behnke Mark , Hoekstra William J. , Brand Stephen R. , Schotzinger Robert J. , Jaramillo Rosie , Olivo Marcos , Kirkpatrick William R. , Patterson Thomas F.
Published: August 2018

VT-1129 is a novel fungal enzyme-specific Cyp51 inhibitor with potent cryptococcal activity. Because of its long half-life (>6 days in mice) and our desire to quickly reach potent efficacy, we evaluated a VT-1129 loading dose-maintenance dose strategy against cryptococcal meningitis.
Fifteen minute consultation: Fever in children being treated for cancer
Authors: Morgan Jessica E
Published: August 2018

Fever is a common symptom in children receiving treatment for cancer. Clinicians and families are most concerned about febrile neutropenia, though non-neutropenic fever often causes more challenging treatment dilemmas. This article provides a structured approach to the initial assessment, examination, investigation and risk assessment of children with fever during treatment for childhood cancer. Non-neutropenic fever in children with cancer is not well researched. There are no systematic reviews of its management and no National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) (or other international) guidance about what to do. Features to consider when managing non-neutropenic fever are discussed. Febrile neutropenia, meanwhile, is an oncological emergency and requires management using standard sepsis principles including administration of broad-spectrum antibiotics. Relevant NICE guidance provides a clear structure for treatment. Ongoing management depends on the response to initial treatment.
Does pictorial health information improve health behaviours and other outcomes? A systematic review protocol
Authors: Schubbe Danielle , Cohen Sarah , Yen Renata W , Muijsenbergh Maria VD , Scalia Peter , Saunders Catherine H , Durand Marie-Anne
Published: August 2018

Introduction

Most health information is verbal or written, yet words alone may not be the most effective way to communicate health information. Lower health literacy is prevalent in the US and is linked to limited understanding of one’s medical condition and treatment. Pictures increase comprehension, recall, adherence and attention in health settings. This is called pictorial superiority. No systematic review has examined the impact of pictorial health information among patients and consumers, including those with lower health literacy.

Methods and analysis

This systematic review and meta-analysis will assess the characteristics and effectiveness of pictorial health information on patient and consumer health behaviours and outcomes, as well as differentially among individuals of lower literacy/lower health literacy. We will conduct a systematic search across selected databases, as well as grey literature, from inception until June 2018. We will include randomised controlled trials in all languages with all types of participants that assess the effect of pictorial health information on patients’ and consumers’ health behaviours and outcomes. Two independent reviewers will conduct the primary screening of articles and data extraction for the selected articles with a third individual available to resolve conflicts. We will assess the quality of all included studies using the Cochrane risk of bias tool. We will combine all selected studies and do a test of heterogeneity. If there is sufficient homogeneity, we will pool studies into a meta-analysis. Independent of the heterogeneity of included studies, we will also conduct a narrative synthesis.

Ethics and dissemination

No ethics approval is required. The results will be published in a peer-reviewed journal and presented at relevant conferences.

PROSPERO registration number

CRD42018084743.
OPTIMUM FLANK WEAR OF TiAlN-COATED TOOL: TOWARD PRODUCTIVE ROUGH CUTTING OF INCONEL 625
Authors: AKHAVAN FARID A. , LOTFI MOHAMMAD , JAHANBAKHSH M.
Published: August 2018

Long tool life and high material removal rate (MRR) are the two essential requirements in rough cutting of materials. The rapid rate of the flank wear propagation in machining of nickel-based superalloys has induced the utilization of low cutting parameters when the goal was set to maximize the tool life based on the machining time or cutting length. However, this method may not provide an effective rate for the material being cut. This work presents two mathematical models to find the optimum cutting parameters results for the minimum flank wear and maximum MRR. Experimental tests were carried out based on the central composite design (CCD) in rough cutting of Inconel 625 by using TiAlN-coated insert. Maximum flank wear was measured to determine the tool wear propagation. The wear mechanisms which contribute in the tool wear were analyzed by using scanning electron microscope (SEM) to evaluate the effects of cutting parameters on the flank wear propagation. The results showed that cutting speed and depth of cut had the most significant effect on the tool wear. However, optimum cutting condition was achieved by reducing the cutting speed when feed rate and depth of cut maintained at the highest level. This was associated to the interaction of cutting speed and depth of cut, and predominant of abrasion and notching at their highest levels, respectively.
(2 + 1)-Dimensional generalized third-order Heisenberg supermagnet model
Authors: Gao Bian , Cui Jifeng , Wang Xiaoli , Yan Zhaowen
Published: August 2018

The Heisenberg supermagnet model is an important supersymmetric integrable system which is the super extension of the Heisenberg ferromagnet model. By virtue of introducing the general auxiliary matrix variables, we construct a new [Formula: see text]-dimensional generalized integrable Heisenberg supermagnet models under two constraints. Meanwhile, we establish their corresponding gauge equivalent counterparts. Moreover, we derive new solutions of the supersymmetric integrable systems by means of the Bäcklund transformations.
Fractals and chaos related to Ising-Onsager lattices. Ternary approach versus binary approach
Authors: Ławrynowicz Julian , Suzuki Osamu , Niemczynowicz Agnieszka , Nowak-Kȩpczyk Magorzata
Published: August 2018

In connection with several attempts to extend Onsager’s (1944) crystal statistics to three dimensions keeping the spirit of the original Ising’s (1925) model, we suggest to involve binary and ternary extension of triangles in connection with fractals and chaos, following the ideas of Kikuchi (1951). We apply ternary Clifford algebras in addition to the usual (binary) Clifford algebras and identify two ternaries with three ternaries with the help of noncommutative Galois extension. In some sense, the paper continues the ideas of Ławrynowicz, Marchiafava and Nowak-Kȩpczyk (2006), and Kerner and Suzuki (2012) published in this journal.
Statistical Analysis of Simulation Output from Parallel Computing
Authors: Zhang Chen , Chen Nan
Published: August 2018

This article addresses statistical output analysis of transient simulations in the parallel computing environment with fixed computing time. Using parallel computing, most commonly used unbiased estimators based on the output sequence compromise. To rectify this issue, this article proposes an estimation procedure in the Bayesian framework. The proposed procedure is particularly useful when the computing time depends on the output value in each simulation replication. The effectiveness of our method is demonstrated through studies on queuing simulation and control chart simulation.
Protein Arginine Methyltransferase 2 Inhibits Angiotensin II-Induced Proliferation and Inflammation in Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells
Authors: Zeng Si-yu , Luo Jing-fei , Quan Hai-yan , Xiao Yun-bin , Liu Yu-huan , Lu Hui-qin , Qin Xu-ping
Published: August 2018

Objectives. Protein arginine methyltransferase 2 (PRMT2) protects against vascular injury-induced intimal hyperplasia; however, little is known about the role of PRMT2 in angiotensin II (Ang II)-induced VSMCs proliferation and inflammation. This research aims to determine whether PRMT2 inhibits Ang II-induced proliferation and inflammation of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs). Materials and Methods. PRMT2 overexpression was used to elucidate the role of PRMT2 in Ang II-induced VSMCs proliferation and inflammation. Western blotting and reverse transcriptional PCR were adopted to detect protein and mRNA expression severally. Cell viability was evaluated by 3-(4,5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-Diphenyltetrazolium Bromide (MTT) assay and cell cycle distribution by flow cytometry. Results. Ang II significantly reduced mRNA and protein levels of PRMT2 in VSMCs in time-dependent and dose-dependent manner. Results of PRMT2 overexpression indicated that PRMT2 inhibited proliferation of VSMCs stimulated with 100 nmol/L Ang II for 24 hours. Furthermore, overexpression of PRMT2 reduced Ang II-induced production of proinflammatory cytokines such as interleukin 6 (IL-6) and interleukin 1β (IL-1β) in VSMCs. Conclusions. These findings suggest that PRMT2 alleviates Ang II-induced VSMCs proliferation and inflammation, providing a new mechanism about how Ang II mediated VSMCs proliferation and inflammation.
Pharmacokinetics and Bioavailability Study of Monocrotaline in Mouse Blood by Ultra-Performance Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry
Authors: Chen Lianguo , Zhang Bin , Liu Jinlai , Fan Zhehua , Weng Ziwei , Geng Peiwu , Wang Xianqin , Lin Guanyang
Published: August 2018

Background and Aims. The present study aimed to develop a simple and sensitive method for quantitative determination of monocrotaline (MCT) in mouse blood employing ultra-performance liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-ESI/MS/MS) using rhynchophylline as an internal standard. Methods. Proteins present in the blood samples were precipitated using acetonitrile. MCT was separated using a 1.7-μm ethylene bridged hybrid (BEH) C18 column (2.1 mm × 50 mm) with a gradient elution program and a constant flow rate of 0.4 mL/min. The LC mobile phase consisted of 10 mmol/L ammonium acetate (containing 0.1% formic acid) and acetonitrile. The total elution time was 4.0 min. The analytes were detected on a UPLC-ESI mass spectrometer in multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) mode and quantified. Results. The new method for the determination of MCT has a satisfactory linear detection range of 1-2000 ng/mL and excellent linearity (r = 0.9971). The lower limit of quantification (LLOQ) of MCT is 1.0 ng/mL. Intra- and interassay precisions of MCT were ≤13% with an accuracy from 96.2% to 106.6%. The average recovery of the new method was >75.0%, and matrix effects were between 89.0% and 94.3%. Based on the pharmacokinetics data, the bioavailability of MCT in mice was 88.3% after oral administration. Conclusions. The results suggest that the newly standardized method for quantitative determination of MCT in whole blood is fast, reliable, specific, sensitive, and suitable for pharmacokinetic studies of MCT after intravenous or intragastric administration.
Fast Interleaved Multislice T1 Mapping: Model-Based Reconstruction of Single-Shot Inversion-Recovery Radial FLASH
Authors: Wang Xiaoqing , Voit Dirk , Roeloffs Volkert , Uecker Martin , Frahm Jens
Published: August 2018

Purpose. To develop a high-speed multislice T1 mapping method based on a single-shot inversion-recovery (IR) radial FLASH acquisition and a regularized model-based reconstruction. Methods. Multislice radial k-space data are continuously acquired after a single nonselective inversion pulse using a golden-angle sampling scheme in a spoke-interleaved manner with optimized flip angles. Parameter maps and coil sensitivities of each slice are estimated directly from highly undersampled radial k-space data using a model-based nonlinear inverse reconstruction in conjunction with joint sparsity constraints. The performance of the method has been validated using a numerical and experimental T1 phantom as well as demonstrated for studies of the human brain and liver at 3T. Results. The proposed method allows for 7 simultaneous T1 maps of the brain at 0.5 × 0.5 × 4 mm3 resolution within a single IR experiment of 4 s duration. Phantom studies confirm similar accuracy and precision as obtained for a single-slice acquisition. For abdominal applications, the proposed method yields three simultaneous T1 maps at 1.25 × 1.25 × 6 mm3 resolution within a 4 s breath hold. Conclusion. Rapid, robust, accurate, and precise multislice T1 mapping may be achieved by combining the advantages of a model-based nonlinear inverse reconstruction, radial sampling, parallel imaging, and compressed sensing.
Experimental Study on the Ratio of Similar Materials in Weak Surrounding Rock Based on Orthogonal Design
Authors: Jiao Pengfei , Zhang Xiao , Li Xinzhi , Liu Bohong , Zhang Haojie
Published: August 2018

In the aspect of stability analysis of tunneling engineering, geomechanical model test is an important research method. A similar material is the prerequisite for the success of geomechanical model test. In the field of major engineering applications, a variety of similar materials are prepared for different geological conditions of surrounding rock and applied in some major engineering. With the use of standard sand, fine sand, and silt clay as materials, similar materials for weak surrounding rock were developed. Based on the orthogonal design method, through the direct shear test, the range analysis and variance analysis of various factors affecting the physical and mechanical parameters of weak surrounding rock are carried out. The results show similar material can meet the requirements in weak surrounding rock. Standard sand is the key factor that influences the internal friction angle of similar materials, and silt clay is the key factor affecting the cohesion of similar materials. Similar materials can meet the elastic modulus and severe requirements of the weak surrounding rock and can be used for the weak surrounding rock engineering. The new type of similar material configuration is widely used in shallow buried tunnel entrance section and urban shallow buried excavation engineering, in addition to tunnel engineering in loess stratum, and the problems of engineering design and construction are solved through geomechanical model test.
Towards Optimized DFA Attacks on AES under Multibyte Random Fault Model
Authors: Wang Ruyan , Meng Xiaohan , Li Yang , Wang Jian
Published: August 2018

Differential Fault Analysis (DFA) is one of the most practical methods to recover the secret keys from real cryptographic devices. In particular, DFA on Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) has been massively researched for many years for both single-byte and multibyte fault model. For AES, the first proposed DFA attack requires 6 pairs of ciphertexts to identify the secret key under multibyte fault model. Until now, the most efficient DFA under multibyte fault model proposed in 2017 can complete most of the attacks within 3 pairs of ciphertexts. However, we note that the attack is not fully optimized since no clear optimization goal was set. In this work, we introduce two optimization goals as the fewest ciphertext pairs and the least computational complexity. For these goals, we manage to figure out the corresponding optimized key recovery strategies, which further increase the efficiency of DFA attacks on AES. A more accurate security assessment of AES can be completed based on our study of DFA attacks on AES. Considering the variations of fault distribution, the improvement to the attack has been analyzed and verified.
Adaptive Image Enhancement Using Entropy-Based Subhistogram Equalization
Authors: Zhuang Liyun , Guan Yepeng
Published: August 2018

A novel image enhancement approach called entropy-based adaptive subhistogram equalization (EASHE) is put forward in this paper. The proposed algorithm divides the histogram of input image into four segments based on the entropy value of the histogram, and the dynamic range of each subhistogram is adjusted. A novel algorithm to adjust the probability density function of the gray level is proposed, which can adaptively control the degree of image enhancement. Furthermore, the final contrast-enhanced image is obtained by equalizing each subhistogram independently. The proposed algorithm is compared with some state-of-the-art HE-based algorithms. The quantitative results for a public image database named CVG-UGR-Database are statistically analyzed. The quantitative and visual assessments show that the proposed algorithm outperforms most of the existing contrast-enhancement algorithms. The proposed method can make the contrast of image more effectively enhanced as well as the mean brightness and details well preserved.
Mutual Correlation in the Shock Wave Geometry
Authors: Zeng Xiao-Xiong , Shao Hong-Bo , Li Ling , Liu Xian-Ming
Published: August 2018

We probe the shock wave geometry with the mutual correlation in a spherically symmetric Reissner-Nordström AdS black hole on the basis of the gauge/gravity duality. In the static background, we find that the regions living on the boundary of the AdS black holes are correlated provided the considered regions on the boundary are large enough. We also investigate the effect of the charge on the mutual correlation and find that the bigger the value of the charge is, the smaller the value of the mutual correlation will be. As a small perturbation is added at the AdS boundary, the horizon shifts and a dynamical shock wave geometry form after long time enough. In this dynamic background, we find that the greater the shift of the horizon is, the smaller the mutual correlation will be. Especially for the case that the shift is large enough, the mutual correlation vanishes, which implies that the considered regions on the boundary are uncorrelated. The effect of the charge on the mutual correlation in this dynamic background is found to be the same as that in the static background.