bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Саморегулирование в экономике: административно-правовое обоснование
Authors: Agamagomedova S. A.
Published: July 2024

Проведен анализ эволюции научного позиционирования саморегулирования в экономике, обоснована его современная законодательная и научная трактовка. На основе исторического и сравнительно-правового методов, системного анализа сделан вывод о том, что саморегулирование в экономике выступает составляющей частью административно-правового регулирования экономических отношений, отличающейся определенной самостоятельностью субъектов. Подобная самостоятельность выражается в наделении саморегулируемых организаций регулятивными и контрольными функциями. Обращено внимание на отраслевой характер саморегулирования и сопровождение его самоконтролем, который может рассматриваться с точки зрения элемента публичного контроля в экономике. Результаты исследования позволяют сформулировать позицию о том, что использование механизмов саморегулирования в экономике отражает более широкое понимание публичности в современной системе управления.
Модели и принципы уголовной политики
Authors: Maslov W. A.
Published: July 2024

В статье исследуется плюрализм точек зрения относительно конструкции «модель уголовной политики», и системы ее принципиальных положений. Проведенный анализ позволил утверждать о корректности понимания «борьбы с преступностью» как генерального (стратегического) направления уголовной политики, не исключающего использования различного арсенала средств и методов. В целях доктринальной унификации в вопросе системы принципов уголовной политики, обоснована необходимость использования теории принципов права.
Инвестиционное законодательство Турции в контексте международно-правового взаимодействия с Россией
Authors: Yakhvarov S. D.
Published: July 2024

Проводится обзор основных особенностей законодательства об иностранных инвестициях в Турции в контексте международно-правового сотрудничества с Россией. В рамках исследования турецких инвестиционных регуляторов выявляются основные характеристики и отличительные черты регулирования, а также отмечаются возможности потенциального заимствования законодательных подходов в рамках российского законодательства.
Становление публичного права в странах континентальной правовой семьи
Authors: Malinovskaya V.M.
Published: July 2024

Рассматриваются дискуссионные вопросы о понятии и природе публичного права, исследуется процесс зарождения системы публичного права в странах континентальной правовой семьи. Одновременно с анализом истории публичного права автор затрагивает исторические особенности становления и развития континентального права как одной из основных правовых систем современности. В статье выделены три основных периода формирования и развития континентального права. Становление публичного права, выявление природы и сущности публичного права, понятие и предмет публичного права рассматриваются традиционно в западной юридической науке в связи с учением о делении права на частное и публичное. Поднимаются дискуссионные вопросы идеи дихотомии континентального права. Автор формулирует понятие и предмет публичного права согласно континентальной правовой доктрине.
Проблемы определения бюджетных ассигнований на оказание государственных (муниципальных) услуг (выполнение работ) в бюджетном праве
Authors: Paul A.G.
Published: July 2024

Делается попытка раскрыть признаки и содержание бюджетно-правового понятия бюджетных ассигнований на оказание государственных (муниципальных) услуг (выполнение работ). Обосновывается мнение о том, что в настоящее время за счет этих бюджетных ассигнований финансируются оказываемые (выполняемые) органами государственной власти (органами местного самоуправления), государственными (муниципальными) учреждениями и в случаях, установленных законодательством, иными юридическими лицами услуги (работы) в их понимании, предусмотренном федеральными законами, а также исполнение государственных (муниципальных) функций. При этом оказание государственных (муниципальных) услуг отличается от выполнения государственных (муниципальных) работ по кругу их потребителей.
Суд в уголовном процессе: проблемы функционирования и организации
Authors: Volodina L.M.
Published: July 2024

Анализируются проблемы функционирования суда как участника уголовно-процессуальной деятельности. Суд как властный субъект уголовного процесса наделен рядом полномочий, направленных на решение задач, возлагаемых на него, однако полномочия эти закреплены безотносительно к выполняемым судом функциям. Анализ судебной практики и статистических данных дает основание говорить о необходимости более четкого законодательного урегулирования функциональных направлений деятельности суда в сфере уголовного судопроизводства. Законодатель не замечает, что ученые давно поднимают вопрос о кризисных проявлениях уголовного судопроизводства. Важно обратить внимание на обсуждение проблем соотношения коллегиальности и единоличного рассмотрения уголовных дел, народного представительства в суде, фактически неограниченного применения упрощенных процедур.
Правовое регулирование статуса гражданского огнестрельного оружия в европейском союзе
Authors: Saprin I.G.
Published: July 2024

Рассматриваются вопросы статуса гражданского огнестрельного оружия в Европейском союзе. Исследуются нормы права Европейского союза о регистрации, владении, перевозке и продажи оружия. Большое внимание уделяется имплементации документов Европейского союза в национальном законодательстве государств-членов.
Проблемы и перспективы использования искусственного интеллекта в системах электронного документооборота
Authors: Kovaleva N.N. , Eresko P.V. , Izotova V.F.
Published: July 2024

Анализируются возможности технологий искусственного интеллекта для автоматизации и дальнейшего расширения функционала электронного документооборота, перспектив использования искусственного интеллекта в системе электронного документооборота, необходимость правовой поддержки для внедрения технологий искусственного интеллекта в систему электронного документооборота. Выявлено, что внедрение технологий искусственного интеллекта в систему электронного документооборота требует моделирования, тщательной проработки алгоритмов, формирования механизмов контроля над применением технологий искусственного интеллекта в рамках системы электронного документооборота, в первую очередь правовых. Применение технологий искусственного интеллекта должно сопровождаться внесением соответствующих изменений в локальные нормативные акты организации, регулирующие электронный документооборот.
Правовое регулирование системы органов государственной власти в субъектах Российской Федерации: основные этапы и направления совершенствования
Authors: Agibalov Yu.V.
Published: July 2024

Анализируется практика становления и совершенствования системы органов государственной власти в субъектах Российской Федерации; вносятся предложения по разграничению компетенции между органами государственной власти в субъектах Российской Федерации в рамках реализации конституционной реформы.
Инновативность инноватики. как различить настоящие и ценные инновации в общем объеме предложений
Authors: Morkhat P.M.
Published: July 2024

Рец. на кн.: Дегтярев М. В. Инновационные публично-правовые режимы и реализующие их инновационные регуляторные технологии : монография. М. : Буки Веди, 2023. 430 с.
Multidiszciplináris megközelítéssel a személyi elvű autonómiáról : Alapos alapozás. Egy hiánypótló kötet vázlatos ismertetése
Authors: Korhecz Tamás
Published: July 2024

Andeva, Marina – Dobos, Balázs – Djordjević, Ljubica – Börries, Kuzmany – Malloy, H. Tove (szerk.): Non-Territorial Autonomy – An Introduction, Cham: Palgrave–Macmillan, 2023. 221 oldal. [Személyi elvű autonómia. Bevezetés]
Technical Competencies Required by Accountants: An Analysis of Accounting Job Advertisements
Authors: Rohmah Mazidatur , Laily Nujmatul
Published: July 2024

The changing of business environment raises the question about the priority skills that are needed by the labour market in Indonesia. This study focuses on technical competencies in accounting education by exploring the company's point of view. This study aims to determine the technical competencies needed by accountants through analysis of accounting job advertisements. This study uses content analysis on 612 online job vacancies. The data was then tested differently using the non-parametric Kruskal Wallis test. The findings of this study indicated that information technology and financial reporting skills are the most needed technical competencies by companies. Specifically, the skills that should be mastered by accountants are the skills to use Microsoft office packages and prepare company financial reports. In addition, this study found that there are differences in the need for accounting technical competencies in each job position. The results of this study are expected to provide insight and self-reflection to accounting graduates regarding the technical competencies needed to enter the world of work, so that accounting graduates can fit themselves with the required skills so that they can easily be accepted in the desired job.
Kesiapan Guru Di Abad 21 Dengan Pendekatan Empat Dimensi Kepemimpinan Situasional Kepala Sekolah
Authors: Aziz Cut Nurhalizah , Nurdin Diding
Published: July 2024

Abstract: The purpose of this study was to identify the four dimensions of situational leadership that are used by school principals to improve teacher readiness in the 21st century. A qualitative approach with case studies is the method used in this study. Data and information were obtained from the results of observations and interviews that have been conducted. The results of the study show that the principle in implementing situational leadership styles tends to be delegative, namely this last group of leadership styles for employees with very high readiness, skills, and desires. This leadership style pays little attention to relationships and tasks. This style observes and supervises employees, leaders see progress and results, assign authority and obligation to employees, and ensure employees achieve appropriate results.Keywords: Situational Leadership; teacher readiness; 21st centuryAbstrak: Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengidentifikasi empat dimensi kepemimpinan situasional yang digunakan kepala sekolah dalam meningkatkan kesiapan guru di abad 21. Pendekatan kualitatif dengan jenis studi kasus menjadi metode dalam penelitian ini. Data dan informasi didapatkan dari hasil observasi dan wawancara yang telah dilakukan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan kepala sekolah tersebut dalam pengimplementasian gaya kepemimpinan situasional cenderung delegatif yaitu kelompok gaya kepemimpinan terakhir ini untuk karyawan yang kesiapan, keterampilan serta keinginan yang sangat tinggi. Gaya kepemimpinan ini tidak terlalu memperdulikan hubungan dan tugas. Gaya ini mengamati dan mengawasi karyawan, pemimpin melihat kemajuan dan hasil, memberikan wewenang dan kewajiban kepada karyawan, dan memastikan karyawan mencapai hasil yang sesuai.Kata kunci: Kepemimpinan Situasional; kesiapan guru; abad 21
Menafsir Arah Pendidikan Multikultural: Sebuah Pendekatan Teori Belajar Konstruktivistik dalam Perspektif Pendidikan di Indonesia
Authors: Mubarok Fakhri , Kustini Titin , Masitoh Siti , Patras Yuyun Elizabeth , Wulandari Dian
Published: July 2024

Abstract.  This article aims to understand the significance of multicultural education studies and to what extent its application is in the educational perspective in Indonesia. The method used in making this article is a literature study or library research by taking relevant reference sources and interpreting them in our own language. Multicultural education uses the constructivism learning theory approach, which has features relevant to multicultural education activities that are active, adaptive, and contextual. In general, it can be concluded that with the broad scope of areas and diversity in Indonesia compared to other countries, multicultural education studies are very important to continue and be studied. On the other hand, multicultural education needs to be continuously implemented integrally in the national curriculum, providing space for each region to apply it more contextually according to its conditions. Indonesia is believed to have adapted to multicultural education for a long time. Although the curriculum often changes, the uniqueness of the Indonesian curriculum, which always carries the character and values of the nation's cultural heritage, is evidence of continuous implementation.Keywords: Multikultural Education, Constructivism, Education in Indonesia Abstrak. Artikel ini dibuat dengan tujuan memahami seberapa penting kajian pendidikan multikultural dan sejauh mana penerapannya dalam perspektif pendidikan di Indonesia. Metode yang digunakan dalam pembuatan artikel ini adalah kajian literatur atau penelitian pustaka dengan mengambil sumber-sumber referensi yang relevan dan ditafsirkan dengan bahasa sendiri. Pendidikan multikultural menggunakan pendekatan teori belajar konstruktivisme yang memiliki ciri yang relevan dengan aktivitas pendidikan multikultural yang aktif, adaptif, dan kontekstual. Secara umum dapat disimpulkan bahwa dengan luasnya lingkup wilayah dan keberagaman di Indonesia dibanding negara lain, maka kajian pendidikan multikultural menjadi sangat penting untuk terus dilakukan dan dipelajari. Disisi yang lain pendidikan multikultural perlu terus diimplementasikan secara integral dalam kurikulum nasional, dengan memberi ruang bagi masing-masing daerah untuk menerapkannya secara lebih kontekstual sesuai kondisi daerahnya. Indonesia sendiri diyakini telah mengadaptasi pendidikan multikultural sejak lama. Meskipun kurikulum kerap kali berganti, namun kekhasan kurikulum Indonesia yang selalu mengusung karakter dan nilai luhur budaya bangsa menjadi bukti implementasi yang berkelanjutan.Kata kunci: Pendidikan Multikultural, Konstruktivisme, Pendidikan di Indonesia
Peranan Punishment pada Santriwati dalam Manajemen Kesiswaan (Studi Kasus di Pondok Pesantren Al Husna)
Authors: Azizah Elvi , Chaniago Nasrul Syakur
Published: July 2024

Abstract: The topic of this research is " The Role of Punishment for Female Students in Student Management (Case Study at Al Husna Islamic Boarding School)". This research aims to describe the application of discipline in the management of santri through educational punishment at the Al-Husna Islamic Boarding School, understand the stages of punishment given at school, and determine the factors that support or hinder the improvement of santri discipline through education. punishment. The location of this research is at the Al-Husna Marindal 1 Patumbak Deli Serdang Islamic Boarding School educational institution, which is an educational institution founded on April 17 1988 M/11 Ramadhan 1409 H and is one of the competent Islamic educational institutions. In this research, the researcher used a qualitative approach with a case study research type and was descriptive in nature. The aim of giving punishment is to prevent children from repeating actions that are not permitted. The role of parenting is to warn female students not to repeat themselves and explain the reasons why this is not allowed. The punishment given to female students at the Al-Husna Islamic boarding school has been given evenly and in balance according to the area that the female student violated.Keywords: Student Management, Islamic Boarding School, Punishment Abstrak: Topik penelitian ini tentang “Peranan Punishment pada Santriwati dalam Manajemen Kesiswaan (Studi Kasus di Pondok Pesantren Al Husna)”. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan penerapan disiplin dalam pengelolaan santri melalui hukuman pendidikan di Pondok Pesantren Al-Husna, memahami tahapan hukuman yang diberikan di sekolah, dan mengetahui faktor-faktor yang mendukung atau menghambat peningkatan kedisiplinan santri melalui pendidikan hukuman. Lokasi penelitian ini bertempat di lembaga pendidikan Pondok Pesantren Al-Husna Marindal 1 Patumbak Deli Serdang yang merupakan lembaga pendidikan yang didirikan pada 17 April 1988 M/11 Ramadhan 1409 H dan merupakan salah satu lembaga pendidikan islam yang kompeten. Dalam penelitian ini peneliti menggunakan pendeketan kualitatif dengan jenis penelitian case study research (studi kasus) dan bersifat deskriptif. Pemberian punishment ini bertujuan agar anak tidak mengulangi perbuatan yang tidak diperbolehkan. Peran pengasuhan untuk memperingatkan santriwati agar tidak mengulangi serta menjelaskan alasan sebab akibat hal tersebut tidak di perbolehkan. Pemberian punishment pada santriwati di pondok pesantren al-husna sudah diberikan dengan merata dan seimbang sesuai bidang bagian yang di langgar santriwati. Kata kunci: Manajemen Kesiswaan, Pondok Pesantren, Hukuman
Pengelolaan Kegiatan Kewirausahaan dalam Menumbuhkan Kreativitas Dan Inovatif Peserta Didik di SMK Sinar Husni BM 1 L Deli
Authors: Pohan Aqilla Syafah Marwah , Fadhli Muhammad
Published: July 2024

Abstract: The aim of this study is to determine how to foster students' creativity and innovativeness through entrepreneurial activities. Using observation, documentation, and interviews as data collection methods, this study uses a qualitative descriptive research methodology involving school principals, teachers, and students. The findings of this research are the management of entrepreneurial activities in fostering the creativity of students at SMK Sinar Husni 1 BM L Deli, namely: 1) Students are creative in generating new ideas, 2) Students are creative in developing ideas, 3) Students are creative in create business opportunities. And the management of entrepreneurial activities in growing innovation at SMK Sinar Husni 1 BM L Deli, namely: 1) Students learn innovation from existing experience, 2) Students can create new products, 3) Students can increase productivity, product/service quality and profit. This research reveals how managing entrepreneurial activities fosters creativity and innovation in students.    Keywords: Entrepreneurship, Creativity, Innovative Abstrak: Tujuan dari studi ini adalah untuk menentukan bagaimana menumbuhkan kreativitas dan inovatif siswa melalui kegiatan kewirausahaan. Menggunakan pengamatan, dokumentasi, dan wawancara sebagai metode pengumpulan data, studi ini menggunakan metodologi penelitian deskriptif kualitatif yang melibatkan kepala sekolah, guru, dan siswa. Adapun temuan penelitian ini ialah pengelolaan kegiatan kewirausahaan dalam menumbuhkan kreativitas peserta didik SMK Sinar Husni 1 BM L Deli, yaitu: 1) Peserta didik kreatif dalam melahirkan ide baru, 2) Peserta didik kreatif dalam mengembangkan ide-ide, 3) Peserta didik kreatif dalam menciptakan peluang usaha. Dan pengelolaan kegiatan kewirausahaan dalam menumbuhkan inovatif SMK Sinar Husni 1 BM L Deli, yaitu: 1) Peserta didik mempelajari inovasi dari pengalaman yang ada, 2) Peserta didik dapat menciptakan produk baru, 3) Peserta didik dapat meningkatkan produktivitas, kualitas produk/layanan serta keuntungan. Penelitian ini mengungkapkan bagaimana pengelolaan kegiatan kewirausahaan dalam menumbuhkan kreativitas dan inovatif peserta didik.Kata kunci: Kewirausahaan, Kreativitas, Inovatif
MENINGKATKAN KETERAMPILAN TEKNIK GUNTINGAN MENGGUNAKAN METODE DRILL PADA ATLET PERISAI DIRI (PD) KABUPATEN MALANG
Authors: Prasetyo Rizal , Sugiarto Tatok , Sugiyanto Sugiyanto
Published: July 2024

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk meningkatkan keterampilan teknik guntingan pencak silat pada atlet Perisai Diri Kabupaten Malang dengan menggunakan metode drill. Metode penelitian menggunakan deskriptif kualitatif dan deskriptif kuantitatif. Penelitian ini dilakukan dalam 2 siklus, dengan tahapan perencanaan, pelaksanaan, pengamatan dan refleksi.Rancangan penelitian yang dipilih adalah penelitian tindakan olahraga. Penilaian hasil siklus 1 diperoleh data, 5 atlet mendapat skor sangat baik dengan persentase 25%, 5 atlet mendapat skor baik dengan persentase 25%, 7 atlet mendapat skor cukup dengan persentase 15% dan 3 atlet mendapat skor kurang dengan persentase 15%. Penilaian hasil Siklus 2 diperoleh data, 17 atlet mendapat skor sangat baik dengan persentase 85% dan 3 atlet mendapat skor baik dengan persentase 15%. Subjek dalam penelitian ini sebanyak 20 atlet tergolong pemula di Perisai Diri Kabupaten Malang. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian maka dapat disimpulkan bahwa metode drill dapat meningkatkan keterampilan teknik guntingan pada atlet Perisai Diri Kabupaten Malang.
PENINGKATAN GERAK DASAR MERODA DALAM PEMBELAJARAN SENAM LANTAI MELALUI METODE BAGIAN
Authors: Iyakrus Iyakrus , Indriani Susi , Kumbara Hengky , Bayu Wahyu Indra
Published: July 2024

Tujuan dalam penelitian ini adalah untuk meningkatkan gerak dasar meroda dalam pembelajaran senam lantai pada siswa kelas V SD Negeri 200 Palembang. Jenis penelitian yang digunakan adalah penelitian tindakan kelas dengan dua siklus. Setiap masing-masing siklus terdiri dari tahapan perencanaan (planning), tindakan (action), pengamatan (observation) dan refleksi (refleksion). Subjek penelitian adalah siswa kelas V Sekolah Dasar Negeri 200 berjumlah 33 siswa. Pengumpulan data yang digunakan adalah dengan mengemati dan mengevaluasi aspek apektif, psikomotorik dan kognitif siswa melalui lembar evaluasi. Analisis data menggunakan pengumpulan data, reduksi data, penyajian data dan penarikan kesimpulan dengan analisis persentase. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukan bahwa pada siklus satu terjadi ketuntasan hasil belajar meningkat dari pra siklus sebesar 33% atau sebelumnya hanya 13 orang siswa yang tuntas meningkat menjadi 24 orang dari 33 siswa. Sedangkan pada siklus kedua peningkatan terjadi sebesar 48% atau sebelumnya hanya 24 siswa yang tuntas meningkat menjadi 29 orang dari 33 siswa. Persentase ketuntasan perkelas mencapai angka 87,87% melampaui target ketuntasan sebesar 75%
IDENTIFIKASI KEBUTUHAN STAKEHOLDER TERHADAP PENINGKATAN KUALITAS LULUSAN DEPARTEMEN PJKR FIK UM DI ERA INDUSTRI 5.0
Authors: Kurniawan Ari Wibowo , Heynoek Febrita Paulina , Rohmatika Indi Ni'matur , Bakti Fajar Raya Ferdinal Kusuma
Published: July 2024

Tujuan untuk mengetahui kebutuhan stakeholder dan lulusan kopetensi dari Departemen Pendidikan Jasmani, Kesehatan dan Rekreasi. Hasil evaluasi kualitas lulusan Departemen Pendidikan Jasmani, Kesehatan, dan Rekreasi (PJKR) Fakultas Ilmu Keolahragaan Universitas Negeri Malang (FIK UM) melibatkan 137 stakeholder, termasuk mahasiswa alumni dan kepala sekolah yang merupakan pemangku kepentingan dalam mengevaluasi lulusan. Evaluasi ini memperlihatkan mayoritas stakeholder merasa puas terhadap pengetahuan, keterampilan, dan sikap lulusan. Meskipun sebagian besar memberikan penilaian positif, sekitar 9% dari stakeholder menyatakan ketidakpuasan terhadap aspek pengetahuan dan sikap, sementara sekitar 7% merasa kurang puas dengan keterampilan lulusan.
LITERATURE REVIEW: PENDIDIKAN JASMANI SEBAGAI STRATEGI DALAM OPTIMALISASI TUMBUH KEMBANG SISWA
Authors: Wirawan Latif Edi , Sugiharto Sugiharto , Adi Sapto
Published: July 2024

Literature review dalam penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui aktivitas fisik dalam pembelajaran pendidikan jasmani terhadap optimalisasi tumbuh kembang siswa yang ditinjau dari hormon pertumbuhan, insulin growth factor-1 dan hormon kortisol. Metode dalam penelitian ini mengakses database artikel yang menggunakan prosedur PICO dengan strategi pemilihan dan penyaringan data menggunakan alur PRISMA. Hasil analisis lebih lanjut berdasarkan konsep neurohormonal terdapat 12 artikel yang menunjukkan bahwa aktivitas fisik yang dikemas dalam pembelajaran pendidikan jasmani di sekolah mempengaruhi tumbuh kembang siswa. Diharapkan bagi pemangku kebijakan pendidikan, sebaiknya tidak menomor duakan mata pelajaran pendidikan jasmani atau menganggap sebagai mata pelajaran formalitas saja. Karena perlu adanya penyesuaian kurikulum pendidikan jasmani yang tidak hanya berfungsi menyehatkan jasmani tetapi juga mencetak SDM yang berkualitas unggul dalam aspek tumbuh kembang di masa kini dan yang akan datang.
Corrective Culture and Organizational Climate as Determiners of Teachers Motivation in Schools
Authors: Argadinata Hasan
Published: July 2024

Organizational climate has a rich, but largely unattainable, role in organizational development and increasing work motivation. Researchers looked at problems arising from different cultures and climates affecting management and motivation levels among teacher performance. This study examines the influence of climate and organizational culture on the motivation level of teachers who work in schools with the help of various previous research results compiled into the results of a literature review. In particular, organizational climate factors understand the environment, teamwork, management efficiency, participation, assessment and recognition, competence and commitment. These factors have been found to influence motivation and are considered to be multidimensional constructs. The results showed that most teachers carrying out their duties and functions have high work motivation if they are familiar with the culture and organizational climate deeply and for a long time.
UM OLHAR DO SOBRE A FORMAÇÃO DAS CIDADES COLONIAIS DE MATO GROSSO
Authors: Aleixo Lucia Helena Gaeta
Published: July 2024

Nos primeiros anos do século XVIII, a Capitania de Mato Grosso foi palco de inúmeras descobertas de ouro. A vida de seus habitantes foi marcada pela chegada contínua de levas de homens e mulheres que buscavam melhorar as condições para sua existência. Vários elementos foram responsáveis pela formação de uma sociedade plural e diversa: a da Metrópole portuguesa. A insuficiência de recursos e de produtos forjou novas práticas e costumes diferentes daqueles existentes no Reino. Estes colonos estavam desbravando os sertões nunca antes palmilhados. Assim, a organização social da Capitania de Mato Grosso foi grifada por uma estratificação social composta por brancos, negros, mulatos, livres e cativos. Bem assim, e por uma nova camada social a ser conquistada: o indígena. A fundação inicial das cidades mato-grossenses tinha por objetivo proteger os domínios de Portugal na linha de fronteira com os espanhóis. A dificuldade em povoar a capitania obrigou a Coroa a conceder benefícios e privilégios especiais aos sertanistas que se arriscavam em se fixar na Capitania. Isso incluía as nações indígenas que nela viviam. arraiais, vilas e cidades foram forjadas de modo a atender as demandas impostas pela geopolítica da região.
Palavras-chave: Povoamento; Fronteira; Cidades.
COLONIZAÇÃO DE STREPTOCOCCUS DO GRUPO B EM MULHERES GESTANTES E A IMPORTÂNCIA DA PREVENÇÃO E TRATAMENTO: ESTUDO DE REVISÃO
Authors: Prado Elen Maria Kuhn do , Souza Felipe Thiago Pereira de , Silva Ingrid Martins Monteiro da , Bittencourt Walkiria Shimoya- , Paula Cristiane Coimbra de
Published: July 2024

O Streptococcus agalactiae é considerado um microrganismo causador de infecções neonatais graves podendo levar a óbito. A colonização por estreptococos do grupo B (EGB) em gestantes varia entre 5 a 35% conforme região. No entanto, através de exames pré-natais específicos é possível identificá-la e dessa forma, promover medidas de intervenção terapêutica precocemente. Portanto, o propósito deste estudo foi realizar uma revisão de literatura para identificar a prevalência de streptococcus β-hemolítico em gestantes e o papel da prevenção e tratamento. A busca eletrônica foi realizada nos bancos de dados da Pubmed, LILACS e na biblioteca on line Scielo e Portal de Periódicos da CAPES, sem restrição ao período de publicação, nos idiomas português, espanhol e inglês. Foram incluídos nesta pesquisa quinze estudos que avaliaram a prevalência de streptococcus do grupo B, os meios de rastreamento, o período gestacional do exame, medidas preventivas e a farmacologia utilizada. A maioria dos estudos encontrou uma prevalência entre 5 a 35%, com período gestacional entre a 35ª a 37ª semana. O rastreio é feito a partir de uma amostra retovaginal, com o mesmo swab para aumentar a sensibilidade na realização da cultura. A profilaxia envolve o rastreamento e antibioticoterapia precoce e a terapêutica utilizada é tipicamente com amoxicilina, penicilina ou cefalexina. Conclui-se que a prevalência da colonização pelo estreptococo do grupo B nas gestantes dos estudos avaliados estava de acordo com os valores encontrados na literatura. Destaca-se que a prevenção deve ser realizada entre a 35ª e 37ª semana de gestação para que se possa fazer uma estratégia de profilaxia que antecede o parto prevenindo complicações que possa acometer o neonato. Daí a importância de uma terapêutica adequada.
Palavras-chave: Streptococcus agalactiae; Gestantes; Prevalência; Prevenção e Controle; Farmacoterapia; Manejo terapêutico
Developing an Intercultural Comic Book to Promote Global Citizenship Education for Elementary School Students
Authors: Viranci Nofila Cici , Purbani Widyastuti
Published: July 2024

This study aimed to develop reading materials for fourth grade elementary school students in Sintang, West Kalimantan as a media to promote global citizenship education. Research and Development was used as the method and the data were collected through interview, questionnaire and field notes. From the data regarding to the students’ need, materials related to intercultural competences is demanded to promote students’ awareness of Global Citizenship Education and it is preferred by the students to be in a form of visual one. In order to meet the need, researchers developed an intercultural comic book as supplementary reading materials for the students. The appropriateness aspects of the developed product consist of content, language, and design. Regarding to theoretical validation by the expert, the average score was 3.7 in interval 3 ≤ X ≤ 3.9 which was considered ‘very good’. In terms for empirical validation, the product was categorized as ‘excellent’ by the teacher with the average score 4.3 in interval 4 ≤ X ≤ 5. The developed product was categorized as ‘appropriate’ after the third implementation by the students. From the teacher’s interview, the students had positive attitudes to the product and their knowledge towards intercultural competences was considered positive.
Machine Learning Algorithms for Predictive Maintenance in Autonomous Vehicles
Authors: Shah Chirag Vinalbhai
Published: July 2024

The complexity and hazards of autonomous vehicle systems have posed a significant challenge in predictive maintenance. Since the incompetence of autonomous vehicle system software and hardware could lead to life-threatening crashes, maintenance should be performed regularly to protect human safety. For automotive systems, predicting future failures and taking actions in advance to maintain system reliability and safety is very crucial in large-scale product design. This paper will explore several machine learning algorithms including regression techniques, classification techniques, ensemble techniques, clustering techniques, and deep learning techniques used for system maintenance need assessment in autonomous vehicles. Experimental results indicate that predictive maintenance can be greatly helpful for autonomous vehicles either in improving system design or mitigating the risk of threats.
Evaluating AI-Powered Driver Assistance Systems: Insights from 2022
Authors: Shah Chirag Vinalbhai
Published: July 2024

Recent work has shown that contemporary machine learning models are capable of highly human-like performance on a variety of real-world tasks, including complex multi-agent simulations. However, three crucial questions remain unanswered: First, what circumstances might cause the deployment of AI models in these settings to go wrong? Second, how can we make dependable models that are robust to these failures? Third, how can we evaluate models based on this understanding? This paper proposes a novel approach to answering these questions for a realistic multi-agent environment by benchmarking high-fidelity AI models trained on open data. Drawing on prior work in adversarial robustness, we provide a method to both simulate such complex benchmark failures and verify that improved models are more robust. Our model-independent adversarial simulation method, Verification Exploratory Adversarial Disturbances (V.E.A.D.), enriches the toolbox available for robustness evaluation across many application areas and exposes AI system vulnerabilities that are not uncovered by current methods. We additionally find that incorporating robust training in imitation learning objectives can incentivize models to improve and tackle situations with increasing complexity, such as when the number of interactive agents within the road environment is gradually increased. We hope that promoting research into active verification will push future AI systems to not just answer the standard difficult questions, but also provide answers we can depend on.
Política pública y derecho a la libre competencia económica
Authors: Sánchez Cubides Pedro Alfonso ,   Universidad Pedagógica y Tecnológica de Colombia, Higuera Jiménez Diego Mauricio ,   Universidad Externado de Colombia
Published: July 2024

La libre competencia económica, como derecho y principio rector de rango constitucional, puede ser restringida por parte de agentes económicos. El Estado debe intervenir en búsqueda de su garantía mediante la formación de la política pública. Por ello, el presente artículo tiene como objetivo reflexionar sobre algunos aspectos de la política del derecho a la libre competencia. Metodológicamente, el texto se instala en el paradigma interpretativo, y el estudio se aborda desde el método documental, para lo cual se consultaron diferentes fuentes bibliográficas especializadas en la temática, al igual que algunas normas jurídicas y sentencias proferidas por la Corte Constitucional de Colombia. Se concluye que los ejes de la política referida son el fortalecimiento institucional, la capacidad sancionatoria, la independencia, el sistema de delación y la promoción de la competencia, soportados en normas jurídicas, planes de acción, programas y sentencias. Con respecto al análisis jurisprudencial, se observó que el órgano de cierre de la jurisdicción constitucional ha contribuido significativamente al desarrollo e implementación efectiva de la política pública del derecho a la libre competencia.
COMPETITIVE IMMUNITY IN A PERSONAL INSOLVENCY (BANKRUPTCY) CASE: THE CONCEPT AND SPECIAL ASPECTS
Authors: Nemova Aleksandra V. ,   Postgraduate Student of the Department of Procedure Law of the Institute of State
Published: July 2024

The article defines the features of competitive immunity in cases of insolvency (bankruptcy) of citizens. A definition of this concept is proposed, which can be used in jurisprudence and Art. 2 of the Federal Law No. 127-FZ dated October 26, 2002 “On Insolvency (Bankruptcy)”.
THE CRIMINAL CHARACTERISTICS OF ILLEGAL HARVESTING (CATCHING) OF AQUATIC BIOLOGICAL RESOURCES AND POTENTIAL WAYS OF IMPROVEMENT OF COUNTERMEASURES ADOPTED BY LAW ENFORCEMENT AUTHORITIES
Authors: Petrov Ivan V. ,   Associate Professor of the Department of Criminal Law and National Security
Published: July 2024

Crime related to illegal extraction (fishing) of aquatic biological resources is a historically volatile social and criminal law negative phenomenon that represents a system of crimes committed in the Russian Federation over a certain period of time. This system of crimes should include not only a number of compounds enshrined in chapter 26 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation “Environmental crimes”, but also other compounds closely related to the illegal extraction (fishing) of aquatic biological resources.
ABANDONMENT OF “TOXIC” CURRENCIES AND FINANCIAL LAW DEVELOPMENT PROSPECTS
Authors: Brykin Konstantin I. ,   Associate Professor of the Department of Fundamental Jurisprudence and International Law
Published: July 2024

On the eve of the BRICS summit in Kazan, chaired by Russia, the author of the article raises issues related to the development of interbank cooperation, the expansion of the use of national currencies in mutual trade, and cooperation in the payment sector. In the context of deepening the process of devaluing the domestic economy, attention is drawn to a special financial and legal mechanism for the mandatory sale by Russian exporters of part of foreign exchange earnings in the domestic foreign exchange market, as well as increasing the attractiveness of ruble assets in the context of the tight monetary policy of the Bank of Russia. The author comes to the conclusion that, given the continuing tendency to abandon the use of «toxic» currencies, financial legislation requires transformation in terms of the structure of international reserves, the metrics used in the budget rule, the mineral extraction tax, state external borrowing programs and state guarantees.
ON DUALISM OF THE LEGAL NATURE OF REAL ESTATE WITHDRAWAL FOR STATE NEEDS
Authors: Zolotov Leonid A. ,   Postgraduate Student of the Department of Administrative Law and Procedure of the Kutafin Moscow State Law University
Published: July 2024

The article reveals the dualism of the legal nature of the seizure of immovable property for state needs. The norms of the Civil Code of the Russian Federation define the grounds and legal consequences of the seizure of immovable property, as well as guarantees provided to their owners: the presence of a notification of the decision on seizure; the right of the rightholder to own, use and dispose of property before its seizure; mandatory market determination of the cost of compensation for seized property; the possibility of seizure of immovable property only by agreement with the rightholder; judicial protection of the owner’s rights in case of disagreement on the terms of the agreement. The norms of land and administrative law form public legal means consisting in the powers of executive authorities, procedural mechanisms of actions of authorized bodies and officials, and legal possibilities for the use of administrative coercion in their implementation. All this reflects the duality of the legal nature of the seizure of real estate for state needs.
Transformation of Forms of Protection of Human and Civil Rights under the Impact of Artificial Intelligence Technologies on the Example of Russia and China
Authors: Chernus Nadezhda Yu. ,   Associate Professor of the Department of Civil Law of the Institute of Philosophy and Law of the Novosibirsk State University, Yupeng Sun ,   Postgraduate Student of the Institute of Philosophy and Law of the Novosibirsk State University
Published: July 2024

Every technological breakthrough, the next industrial revolution is a kind of challenge to the existing social order. The introduction of innovative technologies requires an assessment of both the positive and negative impact on the social order. The emergence and development of artificial intelligence technologies, on the one hand, contributes to the realization of citizens' rights and freedoms, but, on the other hand, is a powerful obstacle to their implementation and protection. Using the example of legal regulation of the use of artificial intelligence technologies in Russia and China, the article analyzes their impact on the exercise and protection of human rights and freedoms. The conclusion is formulated that the main role in ensuring the protection of human rights and freedoms is played by the state, which must take responsibility for the correct assessment of the consequences of the spread of artificial intelligence technologies and their elimination.
The Phenomenon of Innovation in Civil Law
Authors: Karunnaya Yana A. ,   Associate Professor of the Department of Civil Law of the Institute of Philosophy and Law of the Novosibirsk State University
Published: July 2024

The paper reviews problems of the determination of boundaries and criteria of the concept of innovations in civil law, analyzes regulatory provisions, shows the need for civil perception of the innovation phenomenon and synchronization of laws in the sphere of regulation of relations arising in view of the development, introduction and use of innovations.
Relevant Problems of Civil Studies at the Contemporary Stage in the Conditions of Digitalization
Authors: Zaynutdinova Elizaveta V. ,   Associate Professor of the Department of Entrepreneurial Law, Zykova Olga A. , Seryeznova Olesya A. ,   Teaching Assistant of the Department of Entrepreneurial Law,   Associate Professor of the Department of Entrepreneurial Law
Published: July 2024

The article соnsideres actual and important issues arising in connection with the digitalization of modern Russian civil law. The concept of digital law is proposed, which more fully reflects its essential characteristics, while digital law is distinguished from related categories such as digital currency, and its place in the system of objects of civil rights is determined. Recommendations to the legislator were given regarding the regulation of turnover of digital rights and digital currency, and issues of inheritance of digital assets, including digital rights, have been resolved, taking into account the realities of modern Russian legal reality.
Synchronization of the Criminalistic Science, Law Enforcement, Laws and Technologies: A Required and Inevitable Process
Authors: Tsurluy Olesya Yu. ,   Associate Professor of the Department of Forensic Examination and Criminalistics of the Central Branch of the Russian State University of Justice
Published: July 2024

The time has come for forensic science, which requires immediate synchronization with modern technologies in order to use the latter in the investigation, detection and prevention of crimes. Delay threatens to transform the fundamental, fundamental science of crime investigation into a parochial institute of criminal justice, used in the fight against a limited range of domestic crimes. Criminology as a science was formed due to innovative and timely discoveries that contributed to effective activities in the field of investigation and disclosure of crimes. The founders of forensic science, thanks to whom it was formed and developed, were truly innovators, perfecting forensic techniques, tactics and methods with their ideas. The achievements of the past are valuable, important and deserve respectful and respectful treatment, without them there would be no present. But the past remains in the past. The fear of leaving the past hinders the movement forward. Cybercriminals don’t leave fingerprints. Modern scientists, following the example of their great teachers, discuss modern criminology – the criminology of the future.
A Criminal Law Evaluation of Causing Damage as a Result of Detention of a Person Mistaken for a Criminal
Authors: Storozhikhin Ilya S. ,   Senior Police Lieutenant Major Case Criminal Intelligence Investigator of the Department for the Ryazan Region
Published: July 2024

This article examines the features of the subjective perception of a person who causes harm to the detention of another person in cases when the person did not commit a crime or was committed not a crime, but another not socially dangerous act. Studying this issue, it is noted that currently there is no such thing as “imaginary detention” in the legislation. In addition, there are no criminal law norms regulating the criteria for evaluating the actions of a person who caused harm to another person as a result of his detention in the case when not a crime was committed, but another non-socially dangerous act and in the case when the person did not commit a crime. The analysis of the explanations of the Plenum of the Supreme Court of the Russian Federation regarding the alleged detention is carried out, on the basis of which the conclusion is made about the weak effectiveness of this approach, which in turn affects the investigative and judicial practice. The list of foreign countries of the Republic of Belarus and the Republic of Armenia is given. Based on the conducted research, the author concludes that it is necessary to amend the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation in terms of the legal regulation of imaginary detention.
Relevant Issues of the Criminal Law Terminology in the Context of Crimes Against Sexual Integrity Committed via Information and Telecommunications Networks Including the Internet
Authors: Shabanov Nikolay V. ,   Senior Investigator of the Investigation Department for the Ulyanovsk Region of the Investigative Committee of the Russian Federation
Published: July 2024

The article deals with the topic of bringing to justice persons who have committed a crime against sexual integrity using information and telecommunication networks, including the Internet. The relevance of the topic is due to regular statistics showing a constant increase in the number of these crimes. At the same time, the protection of sexual integrity and mental health of minors (including minors) sexual assault is one of the priorities of the criminal policy of the state, in connection with which there is a high need for a detailed study of all criminal legal concepts used for the correct qualification of these criminal acts.
Some Issues Arising in Connection with the Selection of Personal Surety in Criminal Proceedings
Authors: Osodoeva Natalia V. ,   Associate Professor of the Department of Criminal Procedure of the East Siberian Institute of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Russian Federation
Published: July 2024

The article is devoted to the consideration of problems arising in connection with the election of a preventive measure in the form of a personal guarantee in criminal proceedings. In this article, the author supports the position of scientists that what is the relationship between the guarantor and the assignee they have a specific character. The author, analyzing the provisions of the law, opinions of processualists, comes to the conclusion that that there is no requirement for the number of guarantors, in connection with what if several guarantors are involved in the case it is advisable to distribute responsibilities between them. The author comes to the conclusion that they can act as guarantors close people, close relatives of the suspect (accused), so do other people, which do not consist in the property, relationship to a person, to be brought to criminal responsibility, but they are trustworthy. The conclusion is justified, what qualities should be inherent in guarantors when choosing the specified preventive measure. The author considers, describes in detail the actions of the official when choosing a personal guarantee, obligations of the guarantor, and also sets out, what actions should the investigator (inquirer) take in case of refusal of the guarantor from his duties.
Individualization of Private Law Subjects in the Digital Environment
Authors: Trofimov Anton A. ,   Chief Legal Officer of Pskov Highways, LLC, Postgraduate Student of the Department of Civil Law and Procedure of the Pskov State University
Published: July 2024

The article explores the issue of the formation of institutions for identification and authentication of subjects of private law in the digital environment. It is substantiated that in the digital environment, methods of individualization of subjects of private law are supplemented by identification and authentication processes, and the means of their individualization are supplemented by identifiers. It is concluded that the impact of digital transformation affected the general, special, individual legal status of subjects of private law. The author comes to the conclusion that the methods of interaction between persons participating in digital civil circulation are associated with identification and authentication.