bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Mechanisms behind the Springtime North Pacific ENSO Teleconnection Bias in Climate Models
Authors: Chen Ruyan , Simpson Isla R. , Deser Clara , Wang Bin , Du Yan
Published: August 2022

Previous studies have shown that models overestimate the strength of ENSO teleconnections to the North Pacific during springtime, but the underlying reasons for this bias remain unknown. In this work, the relative contributions from basic-state and thermodynamic/dynamic forcing factors are disentangled through idealized experiments with the Community Earth System Model and a range of stationary wave modeling experiments. It is revealed that in CESM1 the diabatic heating biases over the tropical Indian Ocean and tropical central-western Pacific jointly favor a cyclonic (anticyclonic) circulation bias to occur in the North Pacific during the springtime of El Niño (La Niña) events. On one hand, the difference in the modeled and observed climatological basic state does not lead to the bias formation directly, as the diabatic heating biases are the primary cause. On the other hand, the springtime basic state is conducive to a more vigorous stationary wave response to the biased diabatic heating than the wintertime state, and this explains why the teleconnection bias occurs during springtime but not in winter. An iterative bias-correction approach is then implemented in the atmospheric model component of CESM1 to verify the linkage between the tropical diabatic heating bias and the teleconnection bias. Moreover, this explanation is shown to be relevant in other models of phase 5 of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP5) as a strong relationship is found between biases in ENSO-related tropical central-western Pacific/Indian Ocean precipitation and North Pacific circulation across models in spring.

Significance Statement

The purpose of this study is to explain why climate models tend to overestimate the springtime ENSO teleconnection to the North Pacific. Through both simplified and comprehensive model experiments, we found that the diabatic heating biases over the tropical Indian Ocean and central-western Pacific basins are the main cause behind the circulation bias. Although similar heating biases also occur in winter, the spring mean climate state is more sensitive to the biased heating than the winter mean state. These findings are useful for developing future climate models that would better simulate the springtime climate response during the ENSO events, as the same problem can be found in many other models.
Book review: Rush Doshi, The Long Game: China’s Grand Strategy to Displace American Order
Authors: Nandana Devi
Published: August 2022

Rush Doshi, The Long Game: China’s Grand Strategy to Displace American Order (Oxford University Press, New York, USA, 2021), pp. 336, ISBN: 978-0197527917.
From Moscow With a Mushroom Cloud? Russian Public Attitudes to the Use of Nuclear Weapons in a Conflict With NATO
Authors: Smetana Michal , Onderco Michal
Published: August 2022

This article presents findings of an original survey experiment on public attitudes toward nuclear use conducted on a representative sample of Russian citizens. We randomly assigned our participants to experimental treatments with vignettes describing a military conflict between Russia and NATO in the Baltics, where Moscow considered a limited nuclear “escalate-to-deescalate” strike to avert defeat. Our findings show that Russians are significantly more averse to nuclear strikes than to the corresponding use of conventional missiles. The participants disapproved similarly of a demonstrative nuclear explosion in an unpopulated area and of nuclear strikes in a more escalated scenario. We also found associations between the moral values of individuals and strike support corresponding to earlier studies in the United States. Finally, our participants reported similar concerns about both nuclear and conventional strikes, with the worry about civilian casualties and the suffering of victims at the top of the list across experimental treatments.
Honour Suicide and Forced Suicide in the UK
Authors: Gorar Mukaddes
Published: August 2022

The article aims to explore the phenomenon of suicide in relation to honour based violence (HBV). Although HBV is explored in depth in relation to honour killing, forced marriage and female genital mutilation, its link and manifestation in the form of suicide has not been discussed in existing literature. This article examines how suicide can manifest itself in honour based patriarchal communities as either honour suicide or forced suicide. Although both forms of suicide are carried out as a result of HBV, there is a crucial difference between them and this needs be identified and distinguished to hold perpetrators accountable before the law. Honour suicide and forced suicide both occur in honour based patriarchal communities and such practices spread around the world via immigration; hence the UK is not immune from this. Due to the complexity of the incidents and vulnerability of the victims, honour suicide and forced suicide are likely to be unreported and unrecognised by the legal system. Therefore, the discussion in this article will look at the national law in England and Wales related to suicide and critically examine whether it can address instances of honour suicide and forced suicide if they occur under its jurisdiction. Accordingly, it will suggest law reforms to address effectively the issue of suicide committed as a result of HBV and abuse.
Congenital Hemifacial Hypertrophy: A Case With Unilateral Tonsillar Hypertrophy and Parapharyngeal Space Lipoma
Authors: Zhu Peng , Li Xiao Yan
Published: August 2022

Congenital hemifacial hypertrophy, an uncommon developmental disease, is characterized by unilateral overgrowth in at least one body part, which can result in significant asymmetry. Meckel reported the first patient of congenital hemifacial hypertrophy in 1822. Since then, numerous cases have been investigated. This study reports a 2-year-old child diagnosed with hemifacial hypertrophy combined with unilateral tonsillar hypertrophy and parapharyngeal space lipoma. We concentrated on the treatment options as well as the related head and neck symptoms.
Setting societal engagement goals during adolescence amplifies the impacts of political interest on political activities during young adulthood
Authors: Stattin Håkan , Amnå Erik , Russo Silvia
Published: August 2022

This study examines whether youth’s goals for their future societal engagement affect their future political activities. We hypothesized, first, that youth’s political interest would be a central predictor of their future political activities and, second, that their goals for future societal engagement would moderate their political interest. The greatest future political activity would be among youth who were both politically interested and had set high goals. A community sample of about 400 16-year-olds ( Mage=16.62, SD=0.71, 50.8% females) was followed over four years. The theory of planned behavior was applied. Different types of political action were predicted: offline political activities, online political activities, membership of a political/civic organization, and taking a stance in public for a party pre and post voting in a national election. Age-16 political interest significantly predicted all age-20 political activities, except for being a member of political/civic organizations and actual voting. In line with the second hypothesis, significant interactions were found between political interest and setting societal goals for all the future political activities except voting. It was concluded that youth’s early-developed agency in setting goals for their societal engagement has widespread predictive utility for their political activities over a lengthy period.
CB1 receptor signalling mediates cannabidiol-induced panicolytic-like effects and defensive antinociception impairment in mice threatened by Bothrops jararaca lancehead pit vipers
Authors: de Paula Rodrigues Bruno Mangili , Coimbra Norberto Cysne
Published: August 2022

Background:

Cannabis sativa-derived substances such as cannabidiol (CBD) have attracted increasing clinical interest and consist in a new perspective for treating some neurological and psychiatric diseases.

Aims:

The aim of this work was to investigate the effect of acute treatment with CBD on panic-like defensive responses displayed by mice threatened by the venomous snake Bothrops jararaca.

Methods:

Mice were habituated in the enriched polygonal arena for snake panic test. After recording the baseline responses of the tail-flick test, the prey were pretreated with intraperitoneal (i.p.) administrations of the endocannabinoid type 1 receptor (CB1) antagonist AM251 (selective cannabinoid 1 receptor antagonist with an IC50 of 8 nM) at different doses, which were followed after 10 min by i.p. treatment with CBD (3 mg/kg). Thirty minutes after treatment with CBD, mice were subjected to confrontations by B. jararaca for 5 min, and the following defensive responses were recorded: risk assessment, oriented escape behaviour, inhibitory avoidance and prey-versus-snake interactions. Immediately after the escape behaviour was exhibited, the tail-flick latencies were recorded every 5 min for 30 min.

Outcomes:

Mice threatened by snakes displayed several anti-predatory defensive and innate fear-induced antinociception responses in comparison to the control. CBD significantly decreased the risk assessment and escape responses, with a consequent decrease in defensive antinociception. The CBD panicolytic effect was reversed by i.p. treatment with AM251.

Conclusions:

These findings suggest that the anti-aversive effect of CBD depends at least in part on the recruitment of CB1 receptors.
Can cannabis kill? Characteristics of deaths following cannabis use in England (1998–2020)
Authors: Rock Kirsten L , Englund Amir , Morley Stephen , Rice Kathleen , Copeland Caroline S
Published: August 2022

Background:

Cannabis is the most widely used illegal drug but is rarely considered a causal factor in death.

Aims:

This study aimed to understand trends in deaths in England where cannabinoids were detected at post-mortem, and to evaluate the clinical utility of post-mortem cannabinoid concentrations in coronial investigations.

Methods:

Deaths with cannabinoid detections reported to the National Programme on Substance Abuse Deaths (NPSAD) were extracted and analysed.

Results:

From 1998 to 2011, on average 7% of all cases reported to NPSAD had a cannabinoid detected ( n = 110 deaths per year), rising to 18% in 2020 ( n = 350). Death following cannabis use alone was rare (4% of cases, n = 136/3455). Traumatic injury was the prevalent underlying cause in these cases (62%, n = 84/136), with cannabis toxicity cited in a single case. Polydrug use was evident in most cases (96%, n = 3319/3455), with acute drug toxicity the prevalent underlying cause (74%, n = 2458/3319). Cardiac complications were the most cited physiological underlying cause of death (4%, n = 144/3455). The median average Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol post-mortem blood concentrations were several magnitudes lower than previously reported median blood concentrations in living users (cannabis alone: 4.3 µg/L; cannabis in combination with other drugs: 3.5 µg/L).

Conclusions:

Risk of death due to cannabis toxicity is negligible. However, cannabis can prove fatal in circumstances with risk of traumatic physical injury, or in individuals with cardiac pathophysiologies. These indirect harms need careful consideration and further study to better elucidate the role cannabis plays in drug-related mortality. Furthermore, the relevance of cannabinoid quantifications in determining cause of death in coronial investigations is limited.
Persistent neuroinflammation and behavioural deficits after single mild traumatic brain injury
Authors: Drieu Antoine , Lanquetin Anastasia , Prunotto Paul , Gulhan Zuhal , Pédron Swannie , Vegliante Gloria , Tolomeo Daniele , Serrière Sophie , Vercouillie Johnny , Galineau Laurent , Tauber Clovis , Kuhnast Bertrand , Rubio Marina , Zanier Elisa R , Levard Damien , Chalon Sylvie , Vivien Denis , Ali Carine
Published: August 2022

Despite an apparently silent imaging, some patients with mild traumatic brain injury (TBI) experience cognitive dysfunctions, which may persist chronically. Brain changes responsible for these dysfunctions are unclear and commonly overlooked. It is thus crucial to increase our understanding of the mechanisms linking the initial event to the functional deficits, and to provide objective evidence of brain tissue alterations underpinning these deficits. We first set up a murine model of closed-head controlled cortical impact, which provoked persistent cognitive and sensorimotor deficits, despite no evidence of brain contusion or bleeding on MRI, thus recapitulating features of mild TBI. Molecular MRI for P-selectin, a key adhesion molecule, detected no sign of cerebrovascular inflammation after mild TBI, as confirmed by immunostainings. By contrast, in vivo PET imaging with the TSPO ligand [18F]DPA-714 demonstrated persisting signs of neuroinflammation in the ipsilateral cortex and hippocampus after mild TBI. Interestingly, immunohistochemical analyses confirmed these spatio-temporal profiles, showing a robust parenchymal astrogliosis and microgliosis, at least up to 3 weeks post-injury in both the cortex and hippocampus. In conclusion, we show that even one single mild TBI induces long-term behavioural deficits, associated with a persistent neuro-inflammatory status that can be detected by PET imaging.
Examining Facebook Groups Engaging in Reading Experiences: The Interactive Therapeutic Process Perspective
Authors: Gazit Tali , Mass Hadar , Bronstein Jenny
Published: August 2022

Recent years have witnessed a growth in women’s reading clubs on social media platforms such as Facebook. Using the theoretical framework of Interactive Therapeutic Process, this study examines the different roles these groups play as platforms for serious leisure fostering socialization, self-expression, a deep engagement with literature, and mutual support between members. A qualitative research method using semi-structured in-depth interviews was employed to examine the thoughts and feelings of twenty women actively participating in two large Facebook reading groups. The findings show that the four stages of the Interactive Therapeutic Process – identification, projection, catharsis, and insight – occur on social media platforms. The thematic analysis of the interviews revealed a fifth and new category of “communality.” This category, unique to Facebook groups, emphasizes the importance of a sense of belonging, which evokes a desire to share and receive support within the virtual group. The five stages appeared in three main information activities: reading, writing, and sharing. These findings contribute to the literature by providing a new perspective on online reading groups and the value they provide to their members. Sharing reading experiences online allows the members to cope with the different emotions evoked by reading and offers support in a safe and supportive environment.
Visual snow: A systematic review and a case series
Authors: Sampatakakis Stefanos N , Lymperopoulos Loukas , Mavridis Theodoros , Karagiorgis Georgios , Papadopoulos Constantinos , Deligianni Christina I , Mitsikostas Dimos D
Published: August 2022

Background

Visual Snow Syndrome is a recently recognized neurological condition presenting, continuous, tiny dots across the entire visual field, accompanied by nyctalopia, photophobia and palinopsia that persist for months. It may be part of migraine aura spectrum, yet its definition is still questionable. Diagnostic criteria for Visual Snow Syndrome are included in the supplemental material of ICHD-3. We aimed to summarize recent data to improve the understanding of Visual Snow Syndrome.

Methods

After presenting four new cases, we conducted a PRISMA systematic search in PubMed/MEDLINE and Embase databases using the keyword “visual snow” with specific inclusion and exclusion criteria.

Results

From the 855 articles identified 30 were included for the qualitative analysis. These reports covered five aspects related to Visual Snow Syndrome: epidemiology, clinical features, comorbidities, pathophysiology, and treatment. We found limited data concerning Visual Snow Syndrome’s epidemiology (one study). Clinical presentation (22 articles) and the comorbidities (migraine with aura and tinnitus most often, five reports) are described in detail. The pathophysiology of Visual Snow Syndrome is only approached with hypotheses, but several neuroimaging studies have been identified (seven articles). Treatment is based on single case reports only.

Conclusion

Data for Visual Snow Syndrome are few and not strong enough to support Visual Snow Syndrome as a medical identity. Further investigation is needed.
Fostering Mobility for People Living with Dementia in Suburban Neighborhoods Through Land Use, Urban Design and Wayfinding
Authors: Biglieri Samantha , Dean Jennifer
Published: August 2022

The World Health Organization (WHO) calls dementia the leading cause of dependency and disability among older adults. People living with dementia (PLWD) are more likely to reside in community, and often within suburban areas. This research examines mobility barriers and supports for PLWD within suburban neighborhoods in Waterloo, Canada. We conducted thirteen participatory go-along interviews with seven PLWD, identifying supports/barriers relating to land-use and transportation, urban design, and wayfinding. While this research highlighted mobility barriers for participants, suburban neighborhoods were also perceived as enabling environments, highlighting the need for a more nuanced understanding of life in suburban settings.
The Effect of Fluid Initiation Timing on Sepsis Mortality: A Meta-Analysis
Authors: Ward Michael A. , Kuttab Hani I. , Tuck Nicholas , Taleb Ali , Okut Hayrettin , Badgett Robert G.
Published: August 2022

Objective

Current guidelines suggest the immediate initiation of crystalloid for sepsis-induced hypoperfusion but note that supporting evidence is low quality. The aim of this study is to examine the effect of timing of fluid initiation on mortality for adults with sepsis.

Data Sources

Two authors independently reviewed relevant articles and extracted study details from PubMed, Scopus, Cochrane, Google Scholar, and previous relevant systematic reviews from 1-1-2000 to 1-6-2022. Registered with PROSPERO (CRD42021245431) and bias assessed using CLARITY.

Study Selection

A minimum of severe sepsis (Sepsis-2) or sepsis (Sepsis-3) for patients ≥18 years old. Fluid initiation timing ranging from prehospital to 120 min within sepsis onset defined as “early” initiation.

Data Extraction

Included studies providing mortality-based odds ratios (or comparable) adjusting for confounders or prospective trials.

Data Synthesis

From 1643 citations, five retrospective cohort studies were included (n = 20,209) with in-hospital mortality of 21.8%. A pooled analysis (odds ratio = OR [95% CI]) did not observe an impact on mortality for the early initiation of fluids among all patients, OR = 0.79 [0.62-1.02]; heterogeneity: I2 = 86% [70-94%], but when studies analyzed cases of hypotension where available, a survival benefit was observed, OR = 0.74 [0.61-0.90]. Initiation of fluids in two prehospital studies did not impact mortality, OR = 0.82 [0.27-2.43]. However, both prehospital cohorts observed benefit among hypotensive patients individually, although heterogenous results precluded significance when pooled, OR = 0.50 [0.21-1.18]. Three hospital-based studies with initiation stratified at 30, 100, and 120 min, observed survival benefit both individually and when pooled, OR = 0.78 [0.63-0.97]. No differences were observed between prehospital versus hospital subgroups.

Conclusion

This meta-analysis supports the guideline recommendations for early fluid initiation once sepsis is recognized, especially in cases of hypotension. Findings are limited by the small number, heterogeneity, and retrospective nature of available studies. Further retrospective investigations may be worthwhile as randomized studies on fluid initiation are unlikely.
Unsettling the global, moving beyond liberalism: Intimacies as a reading practice in childhood studies
Authors: Desai Karishma , Angod Leila
Published: August 2022

This article centres a transnational feminist framing that engages racial capitalism and colonialisms in the study of “the global” within childhood studies. We unsettle the dichotomies of North/South and rather theorize their imbrications. We argue for attending to the conjunctions of racial capitalism and colonialisms to make visible different yet overlapping forms of extraction. We offer intimacies as a reading practice that intervenes in and opens up notions of the global within childhood and youth studies, making two provocations.
Investigating the environmental Kuznets curve in the five most complex countries: Insights from a modified ecological footprint model
Authors: Pata Ugur Korkut , Hizarci Atike Elanur
Published: August 2022

Several researchers have focused on the environmental Kuznets curve (EKC) hypothesis to analyze environmental degradation using carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions and ecological footprint as dependent variables. However, analyzes based on these variables neglect the supply side of environmental sustainability. To address this shortcoming, this study aims to examine the determinants of the ecological footprint pressure index (EFPI) in the context of the EKC hypothesis. The EFPI provides a more detailed picture of environmental issues by considering both ecological footprint and biocapacity. Thus, the study aims to add scientific value to the existing literature by analyzing the EFPI under the EKC hypothesis for the first time. Building on this, our research investigates the effects of economic complexity (ECX), per capita income, and renewable energy consumption (REC) on the EFPI by adopting a novel econometric approach. The results of the Fourier autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) method show a cointegration relationship between income, ECX, renewable energy and EFPI in Germany, Switzerland and Sweden. The long-term elasticities indicate that ECX reduces the EFPI in Germany and Switzerland, while renewable energy mitigates environmental pressure in Switzerland and Sweden. Our findings also confirm the validity of the EKC hypothesis for Germany and Sweden. Based on these findings, the study suggests that ECX, renewable energy and economic growth can all be used as policy instruments to reduce environmental pressure in the three member states of the European Union.
Towards efforts to promote renewable energy development in Africa: Does governance quality matter?
Authors: Pan Xuanming , Dossou Toyo Amègnonna Marcel , Berhe Mesfin Welderufael , Ndomandji Kambaye Emmanuelle
Published: August 2022

In order to avert global climate change, the promotion of renewable energy is getting more attention from government and policymakers. There are many factors that can account for the determinant of renewable energy development. While the drivers of renewable energy development have been extensively examined, the influence of governance quality on renewable energy development is very scanty. To fill the gap in the literature, this study examines the influence of governance quality on renewable energy development in 42 African countries over the period 1996–2020. The empirical evidence is based on the panel corrected standard errors (PCSE) estimation technique to account for cross-sectional dependence. The results show that the impact of governance quality on renewable energy development is negative and statistically significant. This means that as governance quality increases, renewable energy development decreases. This is not surprising given the fact that governance quality in Africa is substantially low. In other words, the results imply that governance quality in most African countries still promote non-renewable and energy intensive production system.
Mycotoxin ingestion during late gestation alters placentome structure, cotyledon transcriptome, and fetal development in pregnant sheep
Authors: Britt JL , Greene MA , Klotz JL , Justice SM , Powell RR , Noorai RE , Bruce TF , Duckett SK
Published: August 2022

Ergot alkaloids, a class of mycotoxins, induce vasoconstriction when consumed by animals and humans. Pregnant ewes ( n = 16; 81.2 kg ± 7.7) were assigned fed endophyte-infected tall fescue seed (E+; 4.14 μg ergovaline + ergovalinine/g seed) or a control diet (CON; 0 μg ergovaline + ergovalinine) for increasing duration during late gestation (from gd86 to gd110 or gd133) to examine changes in placentome morphology and mRNA transcriptome, and fetal development. Exposure to E+ fescue reduced serum prolactin concentrations at gd110 and gd133 demonstrating treatment efficacy. For control ewes, cotyledon and total placentome weights decreased with advancing gestation due to remodeling of placental tissues; however, cotyledon and placentome weight did not change with advancing gestation in E+ fed ewes. Fetal brain sparing was evident in E+ exposed fetuses at gd110 and gd133 compared to CON, which demonstrates asymmetrical growth and intrauterine growth restriction. Mycotoxin exposure (E+) resulted in differential expression of 22 genes in the cotyledon tissue at gd110 but only one gene at gd133 compared to CON. These results suggest that the response to mycotoxin exposure in the pregnant sheep model has an immediate impact on placental remodeling and fetal development that persists throughout the duration of the exposure period.
Support for social policies: Focusing on effects of group belonging
Authors: Sudo Naoki
Published: August 2022

This study aims to elucidate the structure of support for social policies (redistribution and free competition), focusing on the role of community interests (especially demographic decline). To this end, Japan was selected as a case study because it has the highest proportion of the elderly population in the world. The author analyzed data from the National Survey of Social Stratification and Social Mobility in 2015 and the Population Census for the same year, employing ordered logit models. The results revealed that people living in demographically declining communities were more likely to support redistribution and less likely to endorse free competition, compared to individuals from other communities. Furthermore, compared to the underprivileged, wealthy individuals were more likely to consider community interests irrespective of individual benefits. This finding demonstrates that community interests may have a significant influence on individuals’ policy preferences.
Photovoice and Instagram as Strategies for Youth Engagement in Disaster Risk Reduction
Authors: Pickering Christina J. , Al-Baldawi Zobaida , Amany Raissa A. , McVean Lauren , Adan Munira , Baker Lucy , Al-Baldawi Zaynab , O’Sullivan Tracey
Published: August 2022

Community involvement is essential for an all-of-society approach to disaster risk reduction. This requires innovative consultation methods, particularly with youth and during pandemic restrictions. This article outlines methods used for a Photovoice project where we brought together student co-researchers from multiple levels (high school, undergraduate, and graduate health sciences) to explore the topic of youth engagement in disaster risk reduction. Over a two-year period, our team used Photovoice as an arts-based participatory method to collaborate with members of our EnRiCH Youth Research Team. We adapted the protocol to continue our project during the COVID-19 pandemic and presented our work in a Photovoice exhibition using Instagram. This article was written from the perspectives of high school and university students on the project. Our hybrid Photovoice protocol facilitated participation through the pandemic, including a virtual presentation at an international conference and online consultation with the Canadian Red Cross.
Congenital Prepubic Sinus as a Variant of Incomplete Urethral Dorsal Duplication: A Case Report with New Insights into its Immunohistochemical Characterization and a Comprehensive Literature Review
Authors: Arredondo Montero Javier , Bronte Anaut Mónica , Ayuso González Lidia , Hernández-Martín Sara , Montes Marta , Guarch Troyas Rosa , Bardají Pascual Carlos
Published: August 2022

Congenital prepubic sinus (PS) is an extremely infrequent malformation consisting of a prepubic fistulous tract that classically does not communicate with the genitourinary system. Previous studies centered on its immunohistochemical characterization have shown inconsistent results, and the etiology has not been clarified. We present the case of a 2-year-old male who presented since birth with a fistulous orifice on the dorsum of the penis. He had no associated symptoms. Under general anesthesia, the fistulous tract was explored, and methylene blue was instilled through it. After cystoscopically verifying the absence of communication with the urethra, a complete resection of the lesion was performed. The immunohistochemical study showed positivity for low and high molecular weight keratins and a transitional pattern for keratin 7 and GATA3, with positivity at cul de sac level and negativity at proximal level. These findings suggest that this lesion is an incomplete dorsal duplication variant.
Pan-keratin Immunostaining in Human Tumors: A Tissue Microarray Study of 15,940 Tumors
Authors: Menz Anne , Gorbokon Natalia , Viehweger Florian , Lennartz Maximilian , Hube-Magg Claudia , Hornsteiner Lisa , Kluth Martina , Völkel Cosima , Luebke Andreas M. , Fraune Christoph , Uhlig Ria , Minner Sarah , Dum David , Höflmayer Doris , Sauter Guido , Simon Ronald , Burandt Eike , Clauditz Till S. , Lebok Patrick , Jacobsen Frank , Steurer Stefan , Krech Till , Marx Andreas H. , Bernreuther Christian
Published: August 2022

To evaluate the efficiency of pan-keratin immunostaining, tissue microarrays of 13,501 tumor samples from 121 different tumor types and subtypes as well as 608 samples of 76 different normal tissue types were analyzed by immunohistochemistry. In normal tissues, strong pan-keratin immunostaining was seen in epithelial cells. Staining intensity was lower in hepatocytes, islets of Langerhans, and pneumocytes but markedly reduced in the adrenal cortex. Pan-keratin was positive in ≥98% of samples in 62 (83%) of 75 epithelial tumor entities, including almost all adenocarcinomas, squamous cell and urothelial carcinomas. Only 17 of 121 tumor entities (13%) had a pan-keratin positivity rate between 25% and 98%, including tumors with mixed differentiation, endocrine/neuroendocrine tumors, renal cell carcinomas, adrenocortical tumors, and particularly poorly differentiated carcinoma subtypes. The 15 entities with pan-keratin positivity in 0.9%-25% were mostly of mesenchymal origin. Reduced/absent pan-keratin immunostaining was associated with high UICC stage (p = 0.0001), high Thoenes grade (p = 0.0183), high Fuhrman grade (p = 0.0049), advanced tumor stage (p < 0.0001) and lymph node metastasis (p = 0.0114) in clear cell renal cell carcinoma, advanced pT stage (p = 0.0007) in papillary renal cell carcinoma, and with advanced stage (p = 0.0023), high grade (p = 0.0005) as well as loss of ER and PR expression (each p < 0.0001) in invasive breast carcinoma of no special type (NST). In summary, pan-keratin can consistently be detected in the vast majority of epithelial tumors, although pan-keratin can be negative a fraction of renal cell, adrenocortical and neuroendocrine neoplasms. The data also link reduced pan-keratin immunostaining to unfavorable tumor phenotype in in epithelial neoplasms.
Adamantinoma with a Prominent Spindle Cell Component Mimicking Intraosseous Synovial Sarcoma: Clinicopathological Features of Six Tumors
Authors: Rekhi Bharat , Yildiz Adalet Elcin , Jennifer Anne , Yukruk Fisun Ardic , Gedikoglu Gokhan , Banerjee Devmalya , Shetty Omshree , Kosemehmetoglu Kemal
Published: August 2022

Introduction. Adamantinoma is sub-classified into classic/biphasic, osteofibrous dysplasia-like, and de-differentiated type. We present six adamantinomas with a prominent spindle cell component mimicking intraosseous synovial sarcomas. Methods. Six patients were either referred with a diagnosis of intraosseous synovial sarcoma or wherein synovial sarcoma was a differential diagnosis. Three tumors were tested for SS18 gene rearrangement by FISH and two for SS18::SSX fusion by RT-PCR technique. Results. There were three males and three females with an average age of 20.6 years. Radiologically, the lesions were expansile and showed lytic and/or sclerotic components, involving the cortex and/or medulla. Five lesions occurred in the tibia and two in the fibula. Two tumors displayed soft tissue extension and two occurred as multifocal lesions. Two patients were diagnosed with synovial sarcoma and a single patient with sarcomatoid carcinoma, elsewhere. Two “in-house” patients were initially diagnosed with synovial sarcomas. On review, all tumors were cellular comprising monomorphic spindle-shaped cells arranged in sheets and fascicles (n = 6), including a “herringbone-like” pattern (n = 3), focal tubules (n = 1), cohesive nests (n = 5), cords (n = 2), including pseudocystic component (n = 2). Immunohistochemically, tumor cells were positive for p63 (6/6), p40 (4/4), EMA (2/3), AE1/AE3 (5/6), various keratins (2/2), and TLE1 (2/4). Three tumors tested for SS18 rearrangement were negative, while two tumors tested for SS18::SSX fusion were negative. Conclusions. Adamantinomas with spindle cell morphology display overlapping features with synovial sarcoma. A clinico-radiological index of suspicion immunostains (p63 and p40) and molecular test for t(X; 18) translocation are useful in an exact diagnosis, which has treatment-related implications.
Isolated Metastasis to Fallopian Tube Mucosa by Low-Grade Appendiceal Mucinous Neoplasm: Report of Two Cases
Authors: Siatecka Hanna , Al-Awami Sarah , Masand Ramya P.
Published: August 2022

Isolated metastases from non-gynecological cancers to the fallopian tube are rare. Recent literature suggests that mucosal alterations of the fallopian tube should be considered primary tubal lesions. This has led to a paradigm shift in the classification of ovarian tumors with studies proposing tubal origin for these tumors, and clinicians advocating distal salpingectomy to decrease rates of ovarian cancer. This is based on the theory that sole presence of tubal mucosal disease is evidence of tubal origin. We present two patients with isolated mucosal metastases to the fallopian tube from appendiceal tumors. Two 36- and 72-year-old women presented with adnexal masses. Both had a history of right hemicolectomy for low-grade appendiceal mucinous neoplasms. The tubes in both cases were distended with mucin. Microscopic examination showed multifocal low-grade mucinous epithelium with papillations and tufting, interspersed by normal tubal epithelium. The mucinous epithelium was diffusely positive for keratin 20 and CDX2, focally positive for keratin 7, and negative for ER and PAX8 in both cases. Ovaries showed acellular mucin pools. Based on morphology and immunohistochemical features, it is likely that these tumors are of primary appendiceal origin metastatic to fallopian tube mucosa. These cases are unique in that no other organs were involved by metastases raising the possibility of an in-situ lesion or benign tubal mucinous metaplasia. These cases bring up an important point that mucosal metastasis can occur and question the current practice of assigning primary origin of a tumor to the fallopian tube in the presence of “intraepithelial” tumor.
Barriers to Reporting Sexual Violence: A Qualitative Analysis of #WhyIDidntReport
Authors: Orchowski Lindsay M. , Grocott Lauren , Bogen Katie W. , Ilegbusi Aderonke , Amstadter Ananda B. , Nugent Nicole R.
Published: August 2022

The present study conducted thematic analyses of tweets including #WhyIDidntReport ( N = 500) to examine barriers to reporting sexual victimization. Barriers to reporting were identified across individual, interpersonal, and sociocultural levels of the social ecology. Common barriers to reporting included labeling of the experience, age, fear, privacy concerns, self-blame, betrayal/shock, the relation/power of the perpetrator, negative reactions to disclosure, and the belief—or personal experience—that reporting would not result in justice and societal norms.
Street Harassment Interpretations: An Exploration of the Intersection of Gender and Race/Ethnicity, and Mediator Variables
Authors: Herrera Jennifer , McCarthy Bill
Published: August 2022

How does the intersection of gender and race/ethnicity influence street harassment interpretations? What roles do attitudes and past experience play in these relationships? We examined these questions through an exploratory study of 163 Californian respondents and four hypothetical scenarios: being told to smile, being called “sexy,” hearing kissing noises, and being followed. Our findings revealed Black, Latina, and White women were more critical of these behaviors than men in their race/ethnic group. Women across all race/ethnicities interpreted the scenarios similarly with minor nuances. Street harassment views were strongly associated with prior experiences instigating street harassment and support for harassment myths.
Rural and Urban/Suburban Victim Professionals’ Perceptions of Gender-Based Violence, Victim Challenges, and Safety Advice During the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Lynch Kellie R. , Logan T.K.
Published: August 2022

This study surveyed a national sample of victim service professionals ( N  =  222) and compared rural versus urban/suburban participants’ perceptions of a variety of issues, such as the impact of the pandemic on gender-based violence victimization and safety advice for isolated victims. Increased interference with victim employment and the abuser monitoring of online activities were reported by participants across all communities. However, urban/suburban participants rated the magnitude of all victim challenges as greater, while more rural participants noted child abuse as a particular problem in their communities. The results highlight the importance of community context for improving coordinated responses to gender-based violence ( n  =  101).
The Elephant in the Room: Toward an Integrated, Feminist Analysis of Mass Murder
Authors: Yardley Elizabeth , Richards Laura
Published: August 2022

This article argues for a new approach to making sense of mass murder, emphasizing the urgency of recognizing the proliferation and significance of misogyny and domestic violence among perpetrators of this type of homicide. It is vital that scholarship recognizes the political economy of neoliberal patriarchy and seeks to better understand how harmful subjectivity develops in this context. We propose a new multilevel framework for the analysis of mass murder and issue a call to action for a global program of independent qualitative research and activism to tackle its drivers, prevent further harm, and save lives.
Shifting the Center: Relocating Refugee Men in Strategies Aiming to Address Violence Against Women
Authors: Maturi Jenny
Published: August 2022

This article aims to problematize individualistic strategies developed in western institutions to address violence against women and suggests more collective responses that engage refugee men. The data comes from a qualitative research project in Southeast Queensland, Australia. Thirty-one interviews with frontline workers from domestic violence and refugee settlement organizations reveal dissenting voices that challenge the hegemony of dominant groups who either advocate gender equality or overemphasize cultural differences. These dissenting voices suggest new knowledge being mobilized by refugees and associated communities, presenting opportunities for nongovernmental organizations and community groups to find ways to align across their differences toward a common goal.
AI Service and Emotion
Authors: Bagozzi Richard P. , Brady Michael K. , Huang Ming-Hui
Published: August 2022

AI in service can be for routine mechanical tasks, analytical thinking tasks, or empathetic feeling tasks. We provide a conceptual framework for the customer, firm, and interactional use of AI for empathetic tasks at the micro-, meso-, and macro-levels. Emotions resulting from AI service interactions can include basic emotions (e.g., joy, sadness, and fear), self-conscious emotions (e.g., pride, guilt, embarrassment), and moral emotions (e.g., contempt, righteous anger, social disgust). These emotions are mostly likely to occur during frontline interactions in which both firms and customers use AI, a phenomenon called “AI as customer.” The analysis level of AI service and emotion can be at the macro-level in which AI is transforming the service economy into a feeling economy, at the meso-level in which firms can use “thoughtful AI” to make the employees’ and customers’ lives a little bit better by brightening their days, and at the micro-level in which customers can experience basic, self-conscious, and moral emotions from interactions with service AI.
Effect of Flavonoid-Rich Extract From Dalbergiella welwitschii Leaf on Redox, Cholinergic, Monoaminergic, and Purinergic Dysfunction in Oxidative Testicular Injury: Ex Vivo and In Silico Studies
Authors: Ajiboye Basiru Olaitan , Oyinloye Babatunji Emmanuel , Ojo Oluwafemi Adeleke , Lawal Olaolu Ebenezer , Jokomba Yesirat Abimbola , Balogun Basheer Ajibola , Adeoye Akinwunmi Oluwaseun , Ajuwon Olawale Rasaq
Published: August 2022

The antioxidant, cholinergic, monoaminergic, and purinergic activities of flavonoid-rich extract from Dalbergiella welwitschii leaf (FEDW) were investigated on oxidative testicular injury (ex vivo) due to the local report on the use of this plant as anti-testicular injury. Flavonoid extract was obtained from FEDW using a standard procedure. Five male albino rats were used, testes harvested and incubated with FeSO4 for accessing the cholinergic, monoaminergic, and purinergic activities of the FEDW (ex vivo). Testicular tissues incubated with FeSO4 demonstrated a significant decrease in antioxidant biomarkers, arginase, ATPase, ENTPDase, 5ʹ-nucleotidase, and PDE-5 activities, as well as Zn and sialic acid levels with an upsurge in malondialdehyde (MDA), and NO levels, myeloperoxidase, cholinesterases, monoamine oxidase (MAO), and angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) activities. Treatment of testicular tissues incubated with FeSO4 via different concentrations of FEDW significantly increased the activities of antioxidant, arginase, ATPase, E-NTPDase, 5ʹ-nucleotidase, phosphodiesterase-5 (PDE-5), as well as Zn and sialic acid levels with a significant decrease in MDA, nitric oxide (NO), myeloperoxidase, cholinesterases, MAO, and ACE levels. Molecular docking revealed the molecular interactions of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) with ellagic acid, piperine, and caffeine with piperine and caffeine obeyed the druggability and pharmacokinetic. These findings point to FEDW as a possible potential for the treatment of oxidative testicular injury.
Hospitalizations for Alcohol and Opioid Use Disorders in Older Adults: Trends, Comorbidities, and Differences by Gender, Race, and Ethnicity
Authors: Acevedo Andrea , Rodriguez Borja Ivette , Alarcon Falconi Tania M , Carzo Nicole , Naumova Elena
Published: August 2022

Background:

The prevalence of substance use disorders (SUDs) among adults ages 65 and older has been increasing at a notably high rate in recent years, yet little information exists on hospitalizations for SUDs among this age group. In this study we examined trends in hospitalizations for alcohol use disorders (AUDs) and opioid use disorders (OUDs) among adults 65 and older in the United States, including differences by gender and race/ethnicity.

Methods:

We used Medicare claims data for years 2007-2014 from beneficiaries ages 65 and older. We abstracted hospitalization records with an ICD-9 diagnostic code for an AUD or OUD. Hospitalization rates were calculated using population estimates from the United States Census. We examined trends in quarterly hospitalization rates for hospitalizations with AUD/OUD as primary diagnoses, and separately for those with these disorders as secondary diagnoses. We also examined comorbidities for those with a primary diagnosis of AUD/OUD. Analyses were conducted for all hospitalizations with AUD/OUD diagnoses, and separately by gender and race/ethnicity.

Results:

Between the last quarter of 2007 and the third quarter of 2014, AUD hospitalization rates increased from 485 to 579 per million (19%), and OUD hospitalization rates from 46 to 101 per million (120%) and varied by gender (for AUD) and race/ethnicity (for both AUD and OUD). Hospitalization rates were particularly high for Black older adults, as was the increase in hospitalization rates. The increase in hospitalization rates was substantially higher for hospitalizations with AUD (84%) and OUD (269%) as secondary diagnoses.

Conclusions:

Hospitalizations for AUDs and OUDs among older adults increased at an alarming rate during the observation period, and disparities existed in hospitalization rates for these conditions. Interventions focusing on the needs of older adults with AUD and/or OUD are needed, particularly to address the needs of a growing racially/ethnically diverse older adult population.
Composing for students: Composers’ reflections on the process of creating educational music
Authors: Mielke Susan , Andrews Bernard W.
Published: August 2022

The purpose of this qualitative study was to investigate the process of composing educational music. As part of a research project titled Sound Connections: Composing Educational Music Canadian composers completed email interviews, responding to semi-structured questions about the process of composing educational music. Using qualitative data analysis, we sought to understand better this process and found that the composers in this study used a variety of compositional techniques at all stages of the compositional process (conceptualizing, writing, and refining) to promote the development of student musicians. Key findings included the importance of balancing skills review and challenge; the use of form, timbre, and harmony for the development of communication and listening skills specific to the ensemble context; the use of elements from various musical styles to support music appreciation; and the encouragement of student collaboration in the creative process of composition. An unexpected finding was the importance of composer collaboration with teachers and students in the composing process. The knowledge gained in this study adds to the literature on this under-researched topic, and may help composers, student composers, and composition teachers develop a better understanding of and appreciation for educational music, thereby encouraging educational music composition. In addition, the findings of this study may assist teachers in the difficult task of choosing educational music for their students.
Politics of fun and participatory censorship: China’s reception of Animal Crossing: New Horizons
Authors: Song Lin
Published: August 2022

This paper discusses China’s ban of the hit Japanese video game Animal Crossing: New Horizon. Situating the ban in the context of Chinese digital economy, this paper investigates the politics of fun as it intersects with censorship and popular nationalism in China today. Drawing on user-generated content and social media discussions of the game and its ban, the paper discusses two outcomes deriving from China’s precarious environment for gameplay, where fun could be easily confiscated by authorities: the first is the emergence of participatory censorship where netizens voluntarily and collectively set the limit for self-expression in an effort to depoliticize gameplay; the second is the convergence between fun and nationalism, which transforms gameplay into a vessel for expressing and strengthening official ideology. In doing so, the paper reconsiders the thesis of digital democratization by shedding light on the regulated processes of digital self-making.