bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Interrogating the Constitutional Requisites for Legislative Oversight in the Promotion of Accountability and Good Governance in South Africa and Nigeria
Authors: Fagbadebo Omololu
Published: December 2018

This article interrogates the effectiveness of the requisites for constitutional provisions in respect of the promotion of accountability and good governance in South Africa and Nigeria. The article notes that the drafters of the Constitutions of the two countries made sufficient provisions for the regulation and control of the executive and legislative activities in a manner that could guarantee effective service delivery. These constitutional provisions, in line with the practices of their respective governing systems of the two countries, empower the legislature to hold the executive accountable. The article discovers that the lawmakers in the two countries lacked the capacity to harness the provisions for intended purposes. Using the elite theory for its analysis, the article argues that legislative oversight in South Africa and Nigeria is not as effective as envisaged in the constitutional provisions envisaged. This weakness has given rise to the worsening governance crises in the two countries in spite of their abundant economic and human resources. The article opines that the institutional structures of the political systems of the two countries, especially the dominant party phenomenon, coupled with the personal disposition of the political elites incapacitate the effective exercise of the oversight powers of legislatures in the two countries. The article, therefore, submits that the people of the two countries have to devise another means of holding their leaders accountable in the face of collaboration between the executive and the legislature to perpetuate impunity in the public space. Independent agencies should be more active in the exposure of unethical behaviours of the political elites, while the judiciary should be more independent in the dispensation of justice.
Early Postpartum Venous Thromboembolism: Risk Factors and Predictive Index
Authors: Zhou Zhi-Hua , Chen Yuan , Zhao Bai-Hui , Jiang Ying , Luo Qiong
Published: December 2018

The aim of our study was to quantify risk factors for venous thromboembolism (VTE) during the puerperal period. The case–control study was conducted in Women’s Hospital, Zhejiang University, China, from January 2006 to December 2016; cases of hospitalized VTE within 1 week after delivery were identified according to International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision, Clinical Modification codes. Control postpartum women without VTE were randomly selected, matched on birth day, age, delivery mode, and number of fetus with 4:1 ratio. Clinical risk factors for postpartum VTE and coagulation parameters were analyzed. We found independent variables that were significantly related to postpartum VTE (all P < .05) in a binary logistic regression analysis included preeclampsia/eclampsia (odds ratio [OR], 2.89; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.56-5.37) and postpartum hemorrhage (OR, 4.6; 95% CI, 1.71-12.40). D-dimer was the only biomarker that statistically significant associated with postpartum VTE in 3 days after delivery (all P < .05). These findings showed preeclampsia/eclampsia and postpartum hemorrhage were important risk factors for early VTE during puerperal period. A higher level of D-dimer was more meaningful than other coagulation parameters to suspect early thrombotic disease after delivery.
Creativity as a meaningful, socio-(im)material practice: The emergence of Roskilde Festival
Authors: Lund Hvidtfeldt Dan , Tanggaard Lene
Published: December 2018

The purpose of this article is to contribute to the further advancement of a theoretical understanding of how emergence theory informs the study of creativity as a socio-material practice. Initially, the socio-material standpoint is presented, followed by an introduction to our theorizing on emergence in creative processes. We exemplify and discuss how various creative subject–object relations at Roskilde Festival, a Danish music and arts event, become meaningful in a process of emergence involving various levels of creative contribution, ranging from paying and volunteering participants, through the professional organization, to the headlining artists. We thereby illustrate how ‘Roskilde Festival’ is ritually re-created and saturated with cultural, symbolic meaning – how Roskilde Festival serves as a ‘macro-structure’ motivating and justifying creative behaviour at the lower levels of the emergent phenomenon. The article ends with a general appraisal of the theoretical perspectives presented, discussing the value of increased analytical attention to emergent phenomena in addition to their individual contributions.
The challenge of determining appropriate care in the era of patient-centered care and rising health care costs
Authors: Coulter Ian , Herman Patricia , Ryan Gery , Hilton Lara , Hays Ron D. ,   Members of CERC Team
Published: December 2018

Appropriateness of care is typically determined in the United States by evidence on efficacy and safety, combined with the judgments of experts in research and clinical practice, but without consideration of the cost of care or patient preferences. The shift in focus towards patient-centered care calls for consideration of outcomes that are important to patients, accommodation of patient preferences, and incorporation of the costs of care in patient-provider shared clinical decisions. The RAND/UCLA Appropriateness method was designed to determine rates of appropriate or inappropriate care, but the method did not include patient preferences or costs. This essay examines how methods of studying appropriateness can be made more patient-centered by describing a modification of the RAND/UCLA method by including patient outcomes, preferences, and costs.
Comparison of the electrospray ionization (ESI) responses of penicillins with ESI responses of their methanolysis products
Authors: Podniesińska Lidia , Frański Rafał , Frańska Magdalena
Published: December 2018

The electrospray ionization (ESI) responses, defined as the area of chromatographic peak of ion [M+H]+ obtained upon HPLC/ESI-MS analysis, of three β-lactam antibiotics, namely penicillin G, ampicillin and carbenicillin have been compared with the ESI responses of their methanolysis products. It has been found that methanolyzed penicillin G has much higher ESI response than the penicillin G. Methanolyzed ampicillin also has higher ESI response than ampicillin; however, the effect is less pronounced than for penicillin. Methanolyzed carbenicillin does not have pronouncedly higher ESI response than carbenicillin.
Evaluation of Quiescent-Interval Single-Shot Magnetic Resonance Angiography in Diabetic Patients With Critical Limb Ischemia Undergoing Digital Subtraction Angiography: Comparison With Contrast-Enhanced Magnetic Resonance Angiography With Calf Compression at 3.0 Tesla
Authors: Wei Li-Ming , Zhu Yue-Qi , Zhang Pei-Lei , Lu Hai-Tao , Zhao Jun-Gong
Published: December 2018

Purpose: To assess the diagnostic performance of quiescent-interval single-shot magnetic resonance angiography (QISS-MRA) at 3 tesla in diabetic patients with critical limb ischemia (CLI) vs contrast-enhanced MR angiography (CE-MRA) using digital subtraction angiography (DSA) as the standard of reference. Method: Thirty-seven consecutive diabetic patients (mean age 71.8±7.2 years; 30 men) with CLI (Fontaine stage III–IV) underwent QISS-MRA and CE-MRA with calf compression; DSA was the standard. Image quality (5-point Likert-type scale) and stenosis severity (5-point grading) for QISS-MRA and CE-MRA were evaluated by 2 blinded readers in 1147 and 654 vessel segments, respectively. Per-segment and per-region (pelvis, thigh, calf) sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value were calculated. Results: Image quality of QISS-MRA was lower compared with CE-MRA in the pelvic region (p<0.001 in both readers) and thigh region (p=0.033 in reader 1 and p=0.018 in reader 2), whereas in the calf region, the image quality of QISS-MRA was better than CE-MRA (p=0.009 in reader 1 and p=0.001 in reader 2). In segment-based analyses, there was no difference between QISS-MRA and CE-MRA in sensitivity [89.5% vs 90.3% in reader 1 (p=0.774) and 87.6% vs 90.6% in reader 2 (p=0.266)] or specificity [94.2% vs 92.9% in reader 1 (p=0.513) and 92.9% vs 92.9% in reader 2 (p>0.999)]. In region-based analyses, QISS-MRA and CE-MRA yielded similar sensitivity and specificity in all areas but the pelvic region for reader 2 (specificity 95.5% vs 84.8%, p=0.041). Conclusion: QISS-MRA performed very well in diabetic patients with CLI and was a good alternative for patients with contraindications to CE-MRA.
Reducing Glucose Meter Adverse Events by Using Reliability Growth With the FDA MAUDE Database
Authors: Krouwer Jan S.
Published: December 2018

Glucose meter evaluations are common and provide important information about glucose meter performance versus standards. Although some meters meet guidelines and others fall short in these evaluations, most results are within the A and B zones of a glucose meter error grid. Another data source that is seldom used is the FDA adverse event database (MAUDE). This database describes glucose meter malfunctions and injury as reported by actual users and returned 10 837 adverse events across all meters for the first 7 months of 2018. Reliability growth management is an established tool to reduce failure rates. A reliability growth example is presented followed by a discussion of how this tool could be applied to reduce glucose meter failure events using the MAUDE database.
Prevention and treatment of osteoporosis in women
Authors: Stevenson John C
Published: December 2018

The British Menopause Society Council aims to aid health professionals to inform and advise women about post reproductive health. Osteoporosis affects one in three women. This guidance regarding estrogen and non-estrogen-based treatments for osteoporosis responds to the controversies about the benefits and risks of individual agents. Treatment choice should be based on up-to-date evidence-based information and targeted to individual women’s needs.
Busting the Gender Binary: Activities for Teaching Transgender Issues in Management Education
Authors: Schwartz H. Michael , Bilimoria Diana
Published: December 2018

There is a growing need to teach management students about the diverse gender identities they may face as managers and leaders in the workplace. Management educators are generally ill-equipped to teach transgender issues, even in diversity management courses. In this article, we provide two activities for supplementing education about transgender experiences in management education courses. The first is an experiential exercise that works best as an introduction to the transgender experience. The second activity, which can be used both in classroom or online learning environments, offers a series of mini case studies (with suggested discussion questions and teaching notes) to help inform and guide students through more advanced reflection and discussion about real-world scenarios involving transgender employees in the workplace. A supplemental set of slides is also available to help management educators better understand transgender issues.
Molecular tools to create new strains for mosquito sexing and vector control
Authors: Häcker Irina , Schetelig Marc F.
Published: December 2018

Vector control programs based on population reduction by matings with mass-released sterile insects require the release of only male mosquitoes, as the release of females, even if sterile, would increase the number of biting and potentially disease-transmitting individuals. While small-scale releases demonstrated the applicability of sterile males releases to control the yellow fever mosquito Aedes aegypti, large-scale programs for mosquitoes are currently prevented by the lack of efficient sexing systems in any of the vector species.

Different approaches of sexing are pursued, including classical genetic and mechanical methods of sex separation. Another strategy is the development of transgenic sexing systems. Such systems already exist in other insect pests. Genome modification tools could be used to apply similar strategies to mosquitoes. Three major tools to modify mosquito genomes are currently used: transposable elements, site-specific recombination systems, and genome editing via TALEN or CRISPR/Cas. All three can serve the purpose of developing sexing systems and vector control strains in mosquitoes in two ways: first, via their use in basic research. A better understanding of mosquito biology, including the sex-determining pathways and the involved genes can greatly facilitate the development of sexing strains. Moreover, basic research can help to identify other regulatory elements and genes potentially useful for the construction of transgenic sexing systems. Second, these genome modification tools can be used to apply the gained knowledge to build and test mosquito sexing strains for vector control.
Navigating conservation strategies: linking material research on alum-treated wood from the Oseberg collection to conservation decisions
Authors: Braovac Susan , McQueen Caitlin M. A. , Sahlstedt Malin , Kutzke Hartmut , Łucejko Jeannette J. , Klokkernes Torunn
Published: December 2018

From the mid-1800s to the late 1950s, conservation by alum salts (aluminum potassium sulfate dodecahydrate)—with some variations—was a routine method for treating highly deteriorated waterlogged archaeological wood in many countries, especially in Scandinavia. It was eventually replaced by newer methods in the 1960s, such as that using polyethylene glycol. Accordingly, the signs of deterioration in such collections and the reasons behind them are not well known among current preservation specialists. The research in the Saving Oseberg project (2014–2019) has shed light on the consequences of this treatment and reasons behind the severe deterioration observed today in many objects of the Oseberg Viking Age wooden finds, which were conserved in the early 1900s. Saving Oseberg aims to provide research-based recommendations for the future preservation of the finds, and as such, a large part of the project is aimed at improving our understanding of this complex material. Here the consequences of the method are summarized, drawing on the research to date. Chemical analyses of the Oseberg wood showed its current condition to be highly degraded: little polysaccharide content is left and the lignin is significantly oxidized and extensively depolymerized. The conservation implications are also discussed.
Multi-instrumental approach with archival research to study the Norwich textile industry in the late eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries: the example of a Norwich pattern book dated c. 1790–1793
Authors: Alcántara-García Jocelyn , Nix Michael
Published: December 2018

Merchant-manufacturers in Norwich, a major centre for textile production in England, used pattern books and pattern cards containing swatches of worsted and worsted mixed with other yarns to facilitate sales and trade. Studying such well-preserved and dated materials provides valuable information that can translate into informed decisions for the care of Norwich textile collections. Using a Norwich pattern book from Winterthur Museum’s Special Collections dated c. 1790–1793, we report the first stage of a substantial study that combines spectroscopic and chromatographic techniques with archival research. A combination of X-ray fluorescence (XRF), high performance liquid chromatography-photodiode array (HPLC–PDA) and scanning electron microscopy-energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM–EDX) allowed for identification of characteristic mordants like iron and tin salts; and dyes, like quercitron, native to North America. In addition, a combination of Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC–MS) allowed for partial identification of the glazed finish in some textiles as a natural gum. Setting the foundations for future conservation and conservation science work, our research contributes to the care of these important and beautiful textiles, by providing scientific evidence for humidity and/or light sensitive constituent materials.
IGFBP-3 Induced by Ribotoxic Stress Traffics From the Endoplasmic Reticulum to the Nucleus in Mammary Epithelial Cells
Authors: Agostini-Dreyer Allyson , Jetzt Amanda E , Skorupa Jennifer , Hanke Jennifer , Cohick Wendie S
Published: December 2018

IGF-binding protein (IGFBP)-3 is a multifunctional protein that can exert IGF-independent effects on apoptosis. Anisomycin (ANS) is a potent inducer of IGFBP-3 production in bovine mammary epithelial cells (MECs), and knockdown of IGFBP-3 attenuates ANS-induced apoptosis. IGFBP-3 is present in the nucleus and the conditioned media in response to ANS. The goal of this study was to determine whether ribotoxic stress induced by ANS or a second ribotoxin, deoxynivalenol (DON), specifically regulates transport of IGFBP-3 to the nucleus and to determine the pathway by which it traffics. In ribotoxin-treated cells, both endogenous IGFBP-3 and transfected IGFBP-3 translocated to the nucleus. Inhibition of the nuclear transport protein importin-β with importazole reduced ribotoxin-induced nuclear IGFBP-3. Immunoprecipitation studies showed that ANS induced the association of IGFBP-3 and importin-β, indicating that ribotoxins specifically induce nuclear translocation via an importin-β‒dependent mechanism. To determine whether secretion of IGFBP-3 is required for nuclear localization, cells were treated with Pitstop 2 or brefeldin A to inhibit clathrin-mediated endocytosis or overall protein secretion, respectively. Neither inhibitor affected nuclear localization of IGFBP-3. Although the IGFBP-3 present in both the nucleus and conditioned media was glycosylated, secreted IGFBP-3 exhibited a higher molecular weight. Deglycosylation experiments with endoglycosidase Hf and PNGase indicated that secreted IGFBP-3 completed transit through the Golgi apparatus, whereas intracellular IGFBP-3 exited from the endoplasmic reticulum before transit through the Golgi. In summary, ANS and DON specifically induced nuclear localization of nonsecreted IGFBP-3 via an importin-β‒mediated event, which may play a role in their ability to induce apoptosis in MECs.
Hackathon-driven tutorial development
Authors: Grande Bruno M. , Baghela Arjun , Cavalla Anna , Privé Florian , Zhang Peter , Zhen Yisong
Published: December 2018

Software is essential for data science. However, several software tools remain out of reach for many users due to a lack of documentation, thus limiting progress in the field. Tutorial development by authors and users can greatly improve a tool's accessibility and accelerate its adoption. In this article, we explore hackathons such as hackseq as a venue for authors and users to develop tutorials to address the lack of documented software. We describe four advantages of hackathon-driven tutorial development as well as three challenges that we faced. We also discuss our experience with remote participation. In short, if properly prepared, hackathons can provide a productive venue for assembling a group of passionate people, including remote participants, to develop a suite of related tutorials and address the growing need for accessible software.
Radtools: R utilities for smooth navigation of medical image data
Authors: Russell Pamela H. , Ghosh Debashis
Published: December 2018

The radiology community has adopted several widely used standards for medical image files, including the popular DICOM (Digital Imaging and Communication in Medicine) and NIfTI (Neuroimaging Informatics Technology Initiative) standards. These file formats include image intensities as well as potentially extensive metadata. The NIfTI standard specifies a particular set of header fields describing the image and minimal information about the scan. DICOM headers can include any of >4,000 available metadata attributes spanning a variety of topics. NIfTI files contain all slices for an image series, while DICOM files capture single slices and image series are typically organized into a directory. Each DICOM file contains metadata for the image series as well as the individual image slice.

The programming environment R is popular for data analysis due to its free and open code, active ecosystem of tools and users, and excellent system of contributed packages. Currently, many published radiological image analyses are performed with proprietary software or custom unpublished scripts. However, R is increasing in popularity in this area due to several packages for processing and analysis of image files. While these R packages handle image import and processing, no existing package makes image metadata conveniently accessible. Extracting image metadata, combining across slices, and converting to useful formats can be prohibitively cumbersome, especially for DICOM files.

We present radtools, an R package for smooth navigation of medical image data. Radtools makes the problem of extracting image metadata trivially simple, providing simple functions to explore and return information in familiar R data structures. Radtools also facilitates extraction of image data and viewing of image slices. The package is freely available under the MIT license at https://github.com/pamelarussell/radtools and is easily installable from the Comprehensive R Archive Network (https://cran.r-project.org/package=radtools).
Rapid identification of novel protein families using similarity searches
Authors: Jeffryes Matt , Bateman Alex
Published: December 2018

Protein family databases are an important tool for biologists trying to dissect the function of proteins. Comparing potential new families to the thousands of existing entries is an important task when operating a protein family database. This comparison helps to understand whether a collection of protein regions forms a novel family or has overlaps with existing families of proteins. In this paper, we describe a method for performing this analysis with an adjustable level of accuracy, depending on the desired speed, enabling interactive comparisons. This method is based upon the MinHash algorithm, which we have further extended to calculate the Jaccard containment rather than the Jaccard index of the original MinHash technique. Testing this method with the Pfam protein family database, we are able to compare potential new families to the over 17,000 existing families in Pfam in less than a second, with little loss in accuracy.
Pedagogical support of self-developing personality formation
Authors: Иванова Ирина , Ivanova Irina
Published: December 2018

The monograph is devoted to the problem that is of interest to mankind at all times and has a special relevance in the light of modern trends in the development of society, science and education. - the problem of supporting self-development.
The book deals with the approach to pedagogical support of children's self-development in the conditions of modern global education, characterized by the priorities of the existential order: a landmark for freedom of choice, responsibility, self-design.
The monograph is addressed to teachers, psychologists, coaches, social educators, organizers of work with young people, as well as all those who are interested in the problem of self-knowledge, self-development and self-improvement of the individual. The monograph can be used in the process of professional training of bachelors and masters in the areas of training: "Organization of work with young people", "Psychological and pedagogical education". «Pedagogical education.»
Prevalence and molecular detection of fluoroquinolone-resistant genes (qnrA and qnrS) in Escherichia coli isolated from healthy broiler chickens
Authors: Mahmud Shahin , Nazir K. H. M. Nazmul Hussain , Rahman Md. Tanvir
Published: December 2018

Aim: The present study was carried out to determine the prevalence and molecular detection of fluoroquinolone-resistant Escherichia coli carrying qnrA and qnrS genes in healthy broiler chickens in Mymensingh, Bangladesh, and also to identify the genes responsible for such resistance.

Materials and Methods: A total of 65 cloacal swabs were collected from apparently healthy chickens of 0-14 days (n=23) and 15-35 days (n=42) old. The samples were cultured onto Eosin Methylene Blue Agar, and the isolation and identification of the E. coli were performed based on morphology, cultural, staining, and biochemical properties followed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) targeting E. coli 16S rRNA genes. The isolates were subjected to antimicrobial susceptibility test against five commonly used antibiotics under fluoroquinolone (quinolone) group, namely gatifloxacin, levofloxacin, moxifloxacin, ofloxacin, and pefloxacin by disk diffusion method. Detection of qnrA and qnrS genes was performed by PCR.

Results: Among the 65 cloacal samples, 54 (83.08%) were found to be positive for E. coli. Antibiotic sensitivity test revealed that, of these 54 isolates, 18 (33.33%) were found to be resistant to at least one fluoroquinolone antibiotic. The highest resistance was observed against pefloxacin (61.11%). By PCR, of 18 E. coli resistant to fluoroquinolone, 13 (72.22%) were found to be positive for the presence of qnrS. None of the isolates were found positive for qnrA.

Conclusion: Fluoroquinolone-resistant E. coli harboring qnrS genes is highly prevalent in apparently healthy broiler chickens and possesses a potential threat to human health.
Estimated Nonreimbursed Costs for Care Coordination for Children With Medical Complexity
Authors: Ronis Sarah D. , Grossberg Richard , Allen Rabon , Hertz Andrew , Kleinman Lawrence C.
Published: December 2018

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES:

Multidisciplinary care teams may improve health and control total cost for children with medical complexity (CMC). We aim to quantify the time required to perform nonreimbursed care coordination activities by a multidisciplinary care coordination program for CMC and to estimate the direct salary costs of that time.

METHODS:

From April 2013 to October 2015, program staff tracked time spent in practicably measured nonbilled care coordination efforts. Staff documented the discipline involved, the method used, and the target of the activity. Cost was estimated by multiplying the time spent by the typical salary of the type of personnel performing the activity.

RESULTS:

Staff logged 53 148 unique nonbilled care coordination activities for 208 CMC. Dietitians accounted for 26% of total time, physicians and nurse practitioners 24%, registered nurses 29%, and social workers 21% (1.8, 2.3, 1.2, and 1.4 hours per CMC per month per full-time provider, respectively). Median time spent in nonreimbursed care coordination was 2.3 hours per child per month (interquartile range 0.8–6.8). Enrollees required substantially greater time in their first program month than thereafter (median 6.7 vs 2.1 hours per CMC per month). Based on 2015 national salary data, the adjusted median estimated cost of documented activities ranged from $145 to $210 per CMC per month.

CONCLUSIONS:

In this multidisciplinary model, care coordination for CMC required substantial staff time, even without accounting for all activities, particularly in the first month of program enrollment. Continued advocacy is warranted for the reimbursement of care coordination activities for CMC.
Calculation of the required transfusion volume in anaemic Holstein calves
Authors: Muntean Vasile-Ioan , Sárpataki Orsolya , Potârniche Adrian-Valentin , Meghzili Hemza , Sevastre Bogdan , Marcus Ioan
Published: December 2018

In bovine medicine, blood transfusion practice represents an emergency therapy where time is critical. The aim of this study was to develop a mathematical model to calculate the required blood for transfusion, using parameters which could be easily determined on the spot. Twenty Holstein calves were assigned to two groups depending on body weight (100.1 ± 3.1 kg and 151.1 ± 3.0 kg, respectively). All animals were subjected to an anaemia induction protocol in isovolaemic conditions in order to reduce the packed cell volume (PCV) by more than one third. Twenty-four hours later, each group received an auto-transfusion therapy. In order to find a valid constant for specific weight categories with high confidence interval in cattle, we calculated the value of constant ‘CC’ for each individual, using a formula described for carnivores as a basis. The value of the constant for the 100.1 ± 3.1 kg and 151.1 ± 3.0 kg groups was 80.6315 ± 1.1069 and 76.5294 ± 2.5640, respectively. The comparison between the two groups demonstrated significantly different mean values (P = 0.0002, by t-test) and, furthermore, significantly different values of the constant distributions (P = 0.0001, by the Kolmogorov–Smirnov test).
Sinonasal cysts causing dyspnoea in two cattle – case report
Authors: Stanitznig Anna , Velde Karsten , Wittek Thomas , Franz Sonja
Published: December 2018

Two cattle were referred to the University Clinic for Ruminants of the University of Veterinary Medicine in Vienna. The main clinical sign in both cattle was dyspnoea with nasal stridor. Clinical examination of the upper respiratory tract was conducted, supplemented by ultrasonography, endoscopy and radiography. In addition, histological, bacteriological, and cytological examinations of different specimen materials were performed. The cow of Case 1 suffered from cystic nasal conchae, which was treated successfully by a laser technique. The cow of Case 2 also suffered from cystic nasal conchae. No surgery was performed in this case because the cyst opened spontaneously the day after diagnostic endoscopic procedures had been performed and the animal did not show any respiratory signs anymore. Pathological changes in the upper respiratory tract, such as nasal obstructions, should be included in the list of differential diagnoses in cattle showing respiratory distress.
A Holstein-Friesian dairy farm survey of postparturient factors influencing the days to first AI and days open in Hungary
Authors: Buják Dávid , Szelényi Zoltán , Choukeir Ali , Kovács Levente , Kézér Fruzsina Luca , Boldizsár Szabolcs , Molnár László , Szenci Ottó
Published: December 2018

The authors monitored the postpartum period during the first seven weeks after calving at a Holstein-Friesian dairy farm in Hungary. Calvings occurred between 2013 and 2015 in three periods from June to November each year (n = 314). Data were collected from the farm record and ultrasonographic examinations were performed between 22 to 28 and 43 to 49 days in milk (DIM), respectively. The animals were followed until successful artificial insemination (AI), i.e. until becoming pregnant or until culling, but at most at 365 DIM. The prevalence of dystocia, twin calving, stillbirth rate and retained fetal membranes (RFM) was 23.2%, 3.8%, 3.5%, and 34.4%, respectively. Altogether 38.9% of the cows (n = 122) had bacterial complications of involution in the first 49 DIM. The prevalence of Grade 2 clinical (puerperal) metritis (CM) was 20.1% within 5 DIM, 10.5% between 6 to 10 DIM and 13.1% from 11 to 20 DIM, while 9.9% of the cows had clinical endometritis (CEM) between 21 and 28 DIM and 1.3% of the cows between 42 and 49 DIM, respectively. Pyometra was diagnosed in 1% of the cows between 21 and 28 DIM and 0.3% between 42 to 49 DIM, respectively. About 80% (80.6%) of the cows were inseminated at least once (n = 253). The success rate of the first AI was 26.9% (n = 68). Dystocia, twin calving, RFM, CM, CEM and cyclicity had no significant effect on the days between calving and first AI, however, according to the Kaplan-Meier analysis stillbirth significantly increased the number of days from calving to first AI (P = 0.039). According to the Kaplan- Meier analysis dystocia, twin calving, stillbirth, RFM, and cyclicity had no effect on the days open. In cows with CM developed within 5 DIM or with CEM diagnosed between 21 and 28 DIM the number of days open significantly decreased (P = 0.009 and P = 0.007, respectively), which confirms the importance of early diagnosis and treatment of uterine diseases. Similar surveys should be conducted to discover the risk factors for reproductive diseases in order to decrease the reproductive losses in dairy farms.
ДЕРЖАВНА ПІДТРИМКА АГРОПРОМИСЛОВОГО ВИРОБНИЦТВА УКРАЇНИ ТА КРАЇН ЄС В УМОВАХ СОТ
Authors: Ageieva I. , Rynkova A.
Published: December 2018

У статті розглянуто класифікацію субсидій СОТ та їх вплив на виробництво й торгівлю. Пред-ставлено обсяги державної підтримки агропромислового виробництва країн ЄС та України. Вивченодосвід участі у СОТ країн ЄС, їх ідеї та принципи стосовно єдиної аграрної політики. Проаналізованоситуацію в аграрному секторі однієї з країн Євросоюзу – Польщі. Було проведено аналіз сучасногостану АПК України та запропоновано можливі варіанти його покращення за допомогою державної під-тримки з урахуванням практичного досвіду Євросоюзу, зокрема забезпечення належного фінансуван-ня фермерських господарств, підтримка несприятливих територій, захист навколишнього середовищата ін. Метою статті є дослідження можливостей впровадження в Україні позитивного досвіду держав-ної підтримки АПК країн ЄС в умовах СОТ. У процесі дослідження використані методи - порівняльногоаналізу (окреслено головні проблеми та цілі регулювання державної підтримки АПК в ЄС і Україні),статистично-економічний (було проаналізовано тенденції розвитку аграріїв в Україні, їх сучасний стан),абстрактно-логічний (теоретичні узагальнення та формулювання висновків ). В результаті досліджен-ня ми отримали певні принципи і заходи, які необхідно перейняти для поліпшення ситуації в аграрно-му секторі економіки.Практична значимість дослідження обумовлена тим, що впровадження результатів забезпе-чить підвищення ефективності роботи агропромислового виробництва, допоможе раціонально розпо-діляти кошти, структурувати державну підтримку за рахунок розробки чіткого стратегічного плану звикористанням досвіду Євросоюзу.Ключові слова: державна підтримка, скриньки, агропромислове виробництво, державне регу-лювання, Європейська аграрна політика (ЄАП), державний бюджет, субсидії.
PROBLEMS OF THE LAND MARKET FORMATION AND THE ASSESSMENT OF NATURAL RESOURCES
Authors: Nemchenko V. , Nemchenko H.
Published: December 2018

The issues of formation of the land market and the role of the state in its regulation have been studied in the article. The great importance of the agrarian business (APC)’s reforming is placed on the landmarket. Its formation was carried out in all countries with economies in transition (CEIT). The necessity of amoratorium on land purchase and sale in present-day conditions in Ukraine has been proved. For Ukraine,the topicality of the solution of this problem lies in the fact that the country, on the one hand, has huge potential in food production, and, on the other hand, the theoretical and practical measures on the formation of theland market and the economic assessment of natural resources have not been fully developed yet. The aimof the research is to come to know the special aspects of the formation of the land market and factors thatstop its development, and the development of a concept for the assessment of natural resources, includingland ones. The concept of economic evaluation of natural resources, including land, has been developed.The authors believe that the assessment of natural resources should be determined by the cost of their reproduction. The faster the exhaustion of natural resources will occur, the more intense there should bechanges in the structure of the country's economy.
МЕТОДИЧНІ ПОЛОЖЕННЯ ЩОДО МОНІТОРИНГУ ІНДИКАТОРІВ «ЗЕЛЕНОГО» ЗРОСТАННЯ У КОНТЕКСТІ СТАЛОГО РОЗВИТКУ УКРАЇНИ
Authors: Нікішина О. В.
Published: December 2018

У статті обґрунтовано методологічний підхід до моніторингу «зелених» індикаторів на засадахсталого розвитку у двоєдності концептуального та методичного базисів, визначено наукові принципимоніторингу прогресу «зеленого» зростання. Автором запропоновано розширену систему економіко-екологічних індикаторів для оцінки досягнення другої Цілі сталого розвитку «Подолання голоду, розвитоксільського господарства» з акцентом на групу показників органічного землеробства, використання доб-рив та стану ґрунтів. З використанням розробленої системи індикаторів проведено моніторинг їх стану вУкраїні за період 2005-2017 рр., що дозволило визначити динаміку їх змін, базисні й ланцюгові індекси,ступінь досягнення цільового значення показників. На базі результатів моніторингу здійснено якіснийаналіз і діагностику економіко-екологічних показників, визначено домінуючі тенденції їх змін та механізмистимулювання процесу «зеленої» трансформації національної економіки.
ЗАХОДИ ПОДОЛАННЯ ІНСТИТУЦІЙНИХ ДИСБАЛАНСІВ ЗОВНІШНЬОЕКОНОМІЧНОЇ ІНТЕГРАЦІЇ УКРАЇНСЬКОГО РИНКУ БОРОШНОМЕЛЬНО-КРУП’ЯНОЇ ПРОДУКЦІЇ
Authors: Нікішина О. В. , Муратов О. М.
Published: December 2018

У статті досліджено природу інституційних дисбалансів та практичні форми їх прояву в сфері зо-внішньоекономічної інтеграції вітчизняного ринку борошномельно-круп’яної продукції. Показано транс-формаційних вплив інституційних дисбалансів на розвиток ринку з акцентом на втрати доданої вартості іподаткових надходжень у національному ланцюгу вартості. Обґрунтовано комплекс взаємопов’язанихзаходів щодо подолання інституційних дисбалансів зовнішньоекономічної інтеграції досліджуваного рин-ку. Доведено необхідність зміщення акцентів у державній агропродовольчій політиці з підтримки зернот-рейдерів до підтримки виробників і експортерів зернових продуктів та модернізації інститутів відповіднодо даного пріоритетного напряму. На базі відтворювального методичного підходу здійснено оцінку ефе-ктивності переорієнтації експортних товаропотоків зерна й борошна, результати якої доводять необхід-ність інституційної модернізації напряму підтримки експорту продуктів переробки з високою доданоювартістю.
ОРГАНІЗАЦІЯ І МЕТОДИКА ПРОВЕДЕННЯ АНАЛІЗУ СТАНУ ТА РУХУ ОСНОВНИХ ЗАСОБІВ НА М'ЯСОПЕРЕРОБНИХ ПІДПРИЄМСТВАХ
Authors: Ощепков О. П. , Чебан М. М. , Магденко С. О.
Published: December 2018

У статті розглянуто організаційно-методичні умови до проведення аналізу стану, руху та дина-міки основних засобів на прикладі м'ясопереробних підприємств України. Розглянуто різні підходи довизначення сутності основних засобів та їх зв’язок з основним капіталом. В результаті дослідженнянаведено власне тлумачення сутності основних засобів. Використовуючи загальні методики аналізуосновних засобів проведено аналіз руху основних засобів, аналіз придатності і зносу основних засобівз урахуванням питомої ваги активної частини основних засобів. В результаті проведеного аналізу буловиявлено нераціональне використання основних засобів, про що свідчать низькі коефіцієнти оновлен-ня основних засобів і коефіцієнти вибуття. За результатами розрахунків коефіцієнтів придатності ізносу виявлено, що терміни корисного використання активної частини в структурі основних засобівзначно перевищують нормативні, які рекомендовані в Податковому кодексі України, що приводить до дода-ткових витрат на їх поточні та середні ремонти. Також це робить неможливим впроваджувати інтенсивну і ін-новаційну політику розвитку підприємства
RESEARCH ON THE INFLUENCE OF PERSONNEL COMPETENCIES ON THE EFFICIENCY OF TOURIST ENTERPRISES MANAGEMENT
Authors: Kozak K. , Mokan A.
Published: December 2018

The article explores the essence and features of tourist enterprises management, as well as themost important competencies of the personnel which influence the efficiency of these enterprises. Thesearch for new opportunities in achieving a higher level of efficiency of the tourism industry enterprises determines the need to understand the essence and features of management of these enterprises in the current conditions of development of the tourist market. Human resource management is one of the most important components of enterprises management and the choice of a particular individual method of personnelmanagement at the enterprise is a positive factor in its overall activities. The evolution of the tourist marketand the evolution of management systems require that managers of tourism enterprises should take into account the certain features of their management technology and the competencies of the personnel of theseenterprises. This is the subject of the study in this article.
УПРАВЛІННЯ ХАРЧОВИМ ВИБОРОМ СТУДЕНТСЬКОЇ МОЛОДІ
Authors: Свистун Т. В. , Бєлошапко М. О.
Published: December 2018

Важливою складовою здорового способу життя є раціональне харчування, яке допомагає підт-римувати високий рівень життєдіяльності. Стаття присвячена аналізу харчування студентів вищоїшколи, визначення акцентів формування свідомого ставлення до харчування як фактора збереженняздоров’я і високої працездатності. Проведено розрахунок вартості «Тарілки здорового харчування»для студентів. Проведено аналіз даних сучасної наукової літератури з проблеми впливу харчуванняна стан здоров’я студентів. Виявлено низький рівень вмінь і навичок студентів в організації власногохарчування. З’ясовано, що більша частина студентської молоді не звертає увагу на калорійність, енер-гетичну цінність харчового раціону, що призводить до зниження працездатності та поганого самопо-чуття. Запропоновано шляхи підвищення рівня знань з практичної нутріціології студентів вищої школияк ефективної умови покращання стану їхнього здоров’я.
Transition-Based Neural Word Segmentation Using Word-Level Features
Authors: Zhang Meishan , Zhang Yue , Fu Guohong
Published: December 2018

Character-based and word-based methods are two different solutions for Chinese word segmentation, the former exploiting sequence labeling models over characters and the latter using word-level features. Neural models have been exploited for character-based Chinese word segmentation, giving high accuracies by making use of external character embeddings, yet requiring less feature engineering. In this paper, we study a neural model for word-based Chinese word segmentation, by replacing the manually-designed discrete features with neural features in a transition-based word segmentation framework. Experimental results demonstrate that word features lead to comparable performance to the best systems in the literature, and a further combination of discrete and neural features obtains top accuracies on several benchmarks.
Análise comparativa segundo as dimensões da sustentabilidade entre a ocupação das chácaras Santa Luzia e a proposta para habitação social do governo
Authors: Miranda Julia Cristina Bueno , Andrade Liza Maria Souza de
Published: December 2018

A Ocupação Urbana das Chácaras Santa Luzia inserida na Região Administrativa da Estrutural (DF), é fruto da autoconstrução de habitações com padrões de desenho urbano orgânico emergente e sofre com a ausência de infraestrutura num cenário precário e problemático. Além da irregularidade territorial, a região estudada é ambientalmente complexa e frágil pois está cercada por importantes áreas de preservação ambiental. Como solução para o problema, a Companhia de Desenvolvimento Habitacional do Distrito Federal – CODHAB/DF propôs um projeto de habitação social com casas lajeadas em edifícios que configuram um “muro” de mais de 3km de extensão nos limites da poligonal urbana da Estrutural. O objetivo deste trabalho é fazer um estudo comparativo da avaliação da sustentabilidade urbana entre a ocupação existente e o projeto do governo, considerando os impactos ambientais existentes e a qualidade de vida. Aplicou-se a metodologia definida como “Sustentabilidade e Qualidade da Forma Urbana”, a partir do trabalho de pesquisadores da FAU/UnB, Andrade e Lemos (2015) no âmbito da Chamada Pública MCTI/CNPq/MCIDADES Nº 11/2012, baseada em 4 dimensões (ambiental, social, econômica, cultural e emocional), estruturadas em princípios, critérios, indicadores e verificadores. Os resultados demonstram que tanto o atual assentamento como o novo projeto do governo apresentam alto índice de insustentabilidade, o primeiro pela ausência de saneamento ambiental, e o segundo pela ausência de cidade e relações de urbanidade, tornando-se relevante avaliar estratégias significativas para reabilitação socioambiental desta localidade, apostando-se na manutenção da população local com aplicação de princípios de sustentabilidade, aproveitando os padrões orgânicos emergentes.
PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Habitação. Sustentabilidade. Qualidade da forma urbana.
Efeitos de cianobactérias tóxicas em ambientes aquáticos
Authors: Almeida Jeferson Maiko de , Américo-Pinheiro Juliana Heloisa Pinê
Published: December 2018

Os rejeitos de matéria orgânica provenientes de atividades humanas em ambientes aquáticos comprometem a qualidade da água. Os nutrientes acumulados na água induzem ao fenômeno conhecido como eutrofização. Devido a essas condições, as florações de cianobactérias surgem causando impacto ambiental, econômico e social. O odor e sabor desagradável, juntamente com a liberação de toxinas no meio aquático ocasionado pela decomposição destas florações, são problemas que geram várias consequências aos seres humanos, animais e comunidades aquáticas. Sendo assim, o presente artigo expõe o problema bem como, apresenta técnicas de remoção das cianobactérias do meio aquático por meio de uma revisão bibliográfica.

PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Cianotoxinas. Eutrofização. Toxicologia. Remoção.
Columbídeos, zoonoses e possíveis manejos para controle de população: um olhar geográfico
Authors: Crepaldi Marcelo Tenório , Pedroso Mateus Fachin , Ferreira Maria Eugênia Moreira Costa
Published: December 2018

A discussão apresentada tem como foco em primeira instância expor através de uma descrição taxonômica as características e hábitos de duas espécies (Columba livia; Zenaida auricula), bem como tratar da possível ocorrência de zoonoses, decorrente do contato entre seres humanos e as espécies supracitadas, tendo como objetivo, propor soluções de manejo para que haja o convívio harmônico entre sociedade e natureza. Para a viabilização do presente estudo foi realizado um levantamento de literatura acerca da taxonomia das espécies e suas características, tendo em vista as possíveis zoonoses transmitidas por esses animais, podendo então estabelecer um arcabouço científico substancial, apresentando por fim soluções e possíveis manejos levando em conta a convivência entre avifauna e ser humano no espaço geográfico. Tendo em vista as preocupações registradas e discutidas, acredita-se que a possibilidade de convívio harmônico entre seres humanos e aves é possível, desde que esta seja mediada por ações equilibradas que partem dos homens enquanto seres sociais, produtores do espaço geográfico, estando estas ações ao encargo dos órgãos públicos (Estado), bem como da população, referente à execução da educação ambiental.
PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Sociedade-natureza. Columbídeos. Manejo.
"Globalization, Cooperation & Social Identity" project v3
Authors: R. Buchan Nancy , Grimalda Gianluca , Brewer Marilynn , Fatas Enrique , Foddy Margaret , Wilson Rick
Published: December 2018

We present the protocol of international economics experiments conducted to study the relationship between globalisation, social identity and propensity to cooperate. We developed a scale of individual-level globalisation and three scales of local, social and global social identity. Three experimental decisions in social dilemmas measured the propensity to cooperate at the local, national and global level. Participants were about 200 adults from six countries (the US, Italy, Russia, Argentina, South Africa and Iran). Articles from this research have been published as: - Grimalda G, Buchan N, Brewer M (2018). Social identity mediates the positive effect of globalization on individual cooperation: Results from international experiments. PLoS ONE 13(12): e0206819. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0206819. - Buchan N, Brewer M, Grimalda G, Wilson R, Fatas E, Foddy M (2011). “Global Social Identity and Global Cooperation”, Psychological Science, 22(6): 821-828. Doi: 10.1177/0956797611409590. - Buchan N, Grimalda G, Wilson R, Brewer M, Fatas E, Foddy M (2009) “Globalization and Human Cooperation”, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the USA, 106 (11): 4138-4142. (doi: 10.1073/pnas.0809522106).