bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Trade policy revisited: how government support initiatives affect international performance in SMEs?
Authors: Jalali Hossein S.
Published: August 2024

Purpose

This paper aims to understand how government support initiatives can enhance the international performance of small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs). To address the gap of literature, this paper employed three theoretical lenses to examine both of direct and indirect relationships between two main constructs.

Design/methodology/approach

This empirical study is based on data collected from Armenian exporter SMEs. The data collection utilized a random sampling approach, resulting in 138 fully completed questionnaires, yielding a response rate of 28.4%, comparable to previous studies in international business research. This sample includes firms from three main sectors: agriculture, manufacturing and services, reflecting the structure of Armenia's international trade. Relationships were examined using Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM).

Findings

The results of this study indicate that government support initiatives lack a direct impact on international performance, while positing instead an indirect connection between the two constructs through strategic capability and institutional pressures.

Originality/value

The results of this study contribute to the international business literature in several ways. First, it surpasses the conventional examination of government support on firm performance by delving into both the direct and indirect relationships between these constructs. Second, it reveals that not all theoretical viewpoints hold equal strategic importance in explaining the internationalization of SMEs. From the practical point of view, findings help policymakers to maximize a country's export capacity by implementing tailored initiatives, considering the unique requirements of SMEs.
Foundations of self-agency: development of a nano-therapeutic community
Authors: Hayes Adrian J , Chiarletti Tulane , Hares Stephanie , Devereux Sarah , Upton Stephanie , McNamara Daniel , Brookes Sally
Published: August 2024

Purpose

The therapeutic community (TC) is an environmental intervention where principles of working together democratically can enhance self-agency. While availability of inpatient TCs within the UK National Health Service (NHS) has declined, shorter or alternative interventions using core TC approaches have shown promise in enacting change. The purpose of this paper is to report and reflect on the development and running of a pilot nano-TC.

Design/methodology/approach

Foundations Group was a 2-h TC group intervention set up and run within the NHS for 18 months in 2021–2022, and taking place on City Farm premises. The group was convened as part of the complex emotional needs service in a mental health NHS Trust in the South West of England. Over the study period, the group comprised 11 members, one peer member and three staff members.

Findings

The authors reflected on the TC stance of working democratically with a fluid hierarchy, taking a non-expert approach, and using support and challenge to enhance self-agency and belongingness. The authors have detailed the structure of the group session including use of community meetings, psychoeducation, creative sessions and reviews. Members took on roles within the group including chairing sessions.

Originality/value

This group was a novel service within the NHS Trust where it was conducted and may represent a standalone therapeutic group. The authors hope it will show that core TC principles can be applied in shorter interventions than have previously been used.
Long‐term effects of widespread pharmaceutical pollution on trade‐offs between behavioural, life‐history and reproductive traits in fish
Authors: Aich Upama , Polverino Giovanni , Yazdan Parast Farin , Melo Gabriela C. , Tan Hung , Howells James , Nosrati Reza , Wong Bob B. M.
Published: August 2024

In our rapidly changing world, understanding how species respond to shifting conditions is of paramount importance. Pharmaceutical pollutants are widespread in aquatic ecosystems globally, yet their impacts on animal behaviour, life‐history and reproductive allocation remain poorly understood, especially in the context of intraspecific variation in ecologically important traits that facilitate species' adaptive capacities.

We test whether a widespread pharmaceutical pollutant, fluoxetine (Prozac), disrupts the trade‐off between individual‐level (co)variation in behavioural, life‐history and reproductive traits of freshwater fish.

We exposed the progeny of wild‐caught guppies (Poecilia reticulata) to three field‐relevant levels of fluoxetine (mean measured concentrations: 0, 31.5 and 316 ng/L) for 5 years, across multiple generations. We used 12 independent laboratory populations and repeatedly quantified activity and risk‐taking behaviour of male guppies, capturing both mean behaviours and variation within and between individuals across exposure treatments. We also measured key life‐history traits (body condition, coloration and gonopodium size) and assessed post‐copulatory sperm traits (sperm vitality, number and velocity) that are known to be under strong sexual selection in polyandrous species. Intraspecific (co)variation of these traits was analysed using a comprehensive, multivariate statistical approach.

Fluoxetine had a dose‐specific (mean) effect on the life‐history and sperm trait of guppies: low pollutant exposure altered male body condition and increased gonopodium size, but reduced sperm velocity. At the individual level, fluoxetine reduced the behavioural plasticity of guppies by eroding their within‐individual variation in both activity and risk‐taking behaviour. Fluoxetine also altered between‐individual correlations in pace‐of‐life syndrome traits: it triggered the emergence of correlations between behavioural and life‐history traits (e.g. activity and body condition) and between life‐history and sperm traits (e.g. gonopodium size and sperm vitality), but collapsed other between‐individual correlations (e.g. activity and gonopodium size).

Our results reveal that chronic exposure to global pollutants can affect phenotypic traits at both population and individual levels, and even alter individual‐level correlations among such traits in a dose‐specific manner. We discuss the need to integrate individual‐level analyses and test behaviour in association with life‐history and reproductive traits to fully understand how animals respond to human‐induced environmental change.
Improving post‐pandemic environments for children with disabilities through effective partnerships
Authors: Custodio Zhanina U. , Rungduin Teresita T. , Cuevas Emmanuel L. , Cadiz Rosana E. , Del Rosario Therese Lyra Lyn L. , Dela Cruz Kate Anjelline F. , Egonia Maricris F. , Estole Elieza Mae H.
Published: August 2024

Amid the pandemic, the education sector experienced rapid and profound transformations. Notably, the Philippines transitioned from traditional face‐to‐face instruction to the realm of distance learning, impacting students, particularly those with disabilities. This shift, called Emergency Remote Teaching (ERT), underscored the imperative of collaboration between special education (SpEd) teachers and families. However, the practical implementation of these collaborations often fell short, with stakeholders unprepared for the challenges. Using a qualitative descriptive case study within an interpretive paradigm, this research delved into ERT practices and outlined strategies for the post‐pandemic educational landscape. Challenges encompassed generational disparities, technological hurdles, and learners' characteristics due to suboptimal learning environments. To tackle these issues effectively, the study advocated for essential practices: fostering open communication between SpEd teachers and caregivers, delivering direct instruction, offering personalized activities, and implementing accommodations tailored to children with disabilities (CWD). These practices were poised to enhance support for students as the education sector transitions into a post‐pandemic teaching environment.
Transition from upper secondary to university in students who identify as autistic: A systematic review
Authors: González‐Rodríguez Diego , Pereira Marqués Cintia , Lafuente Jorge Carlos
Published: August 2024

The transition from high school to university is usually complex for every student, but especially for minority groups. This is mainly due to the need to create more inclusive universities. The objective of this study was to determine the variables that influence the transition from post‐compulsory education to university for students identifying as autistic. A systematic review was performed of scientific articles about the transition from high school to university for these students. The databases used in the review were: EBSCOhost, SCOPUS and Web of Science. The final sample comprised 38 studies published between 2007 and 2023. The analysis followed an inductive process, in which the selected studies were subject to content analysis. The data were coded qualitatively. The extracted results were summarized in two tables based on their content, which fell into two categories: (1) non‐academic and academic variables that pose a problem for proper transition and (2) academic and non‐academic variables that can benefit the transition process. A wide variety of different variables influence the transition process, and it is important to know each person's life history in order to give them the most suitable educational response possible.
Impact of peritoneal dialysis and hemodialysis on mortality in patients with end‐stage renal disease: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Wu Zhou , Chen Fen , Li Ping , Zhao Mingrui
Published: August 2024

Introduction

The mortality impact of peritoneal dialysis (PD) and hemodialysis (HD) in end‐stage renal disease (ESRD) remains uncertain.

Methods

A meta‐analysis comparing mortality in ESRD patients on PD versus HD was conducted, including 9 studies with 7556 HD and 2651 PD patients.

Results

No significant difference was found in all‐cause mortality, cardiovascular‐related mortality, or infection‐related mortality between HD and PD patients. Hemoglobin, ferritin, and iron levels were similar in groups, but HD patients had higher albumin and BUN levels (p < 0.05). Regarding cardiovascular factors and bone minerals, total cholesterol and LDL levels were significantly lower, and calcium levels were significantly higher in the HD group compared with the PD group (p < 0.01).

Conclusion

Mortality does not significantly differ between HD and PD in ESRD patients, though HD is linked to higher serum albumin levels and lower levels of total cholesterol and LDL.
Cultural immersion in dietetics curricula: A method for ensuring Aboriginal pedagogies are used for Aboriginal educational content
Authors: Davies Alyse , Chen Juliana , Allman‐Farinelli Margaret , Rangan Anna , Brown Latoya , Vidor Jacquelin , Nicholson Margaret , Ireland Merryl , Chan Jacqueline W. S. , Porykali Bobby
Published: August 2024

Aims

To describe an Aboriginal cultural immersion delivered to dietetics students at a large university in Australia and assess its effectiveness as a method to teach Aboriginal history, culture, diet, and health in dietetics.

Methods

Taking a strength‐based approach, Aboriginal processes of learning were privileged, with the cultural immersion being co‐designed with immersion educators, a First Nations researcher, and dietetics academic. The cultural immersion consisted of an opening ceremony and four stations of yarning, weaving, bush tucker, and artefacts/medicines. A mixed‐methods approach was used, with triangulation of data from pre‐ and postsurveys, station mapping, and focus group interviews. Quantitative and qualitative data were simultaneously analysed from participating first‐year Master of Nutrition and Dietetics students and then drawn together for an integrated understanding of the impact of the cultural immersion on student learnings.

Results

Fifty‐three students completed pre‐ and postsurveys and 36 participated in focus groups. Through sharing lived experiences, learning through culture, and keeping sessions practical and Aboriginal leadership, each cultural immersion station utilised Aboriginal processes of learning that meaningfully engaged students with Aboriginal education content, appreciate holistic health and increased their general knowledge on Aboriginal history, culture, diet, and health (all p < 0.001).

Conclusion

Cultural immersion is one teaching method to enhance student knowledges and can be a part of a programmatic and integrated approach that embeds Aboriginal content throughout the whole curriculum. It is necessary that institutions recognise the value of cultural immersions to student learnings and commit to providing ongoing support.
Taxonomic and abundance biases affect the record of marine eukaryotic plankton communities in sediment DNA archives
Authors: Nguyen Ngoc‐Loi , Pawłowska Joanna , Zajaczkowski Marek , Weiner Agnes K. M. , Cordier Tristan , Grant Danielle M. , De Schepper Stijn , Pawłowski Jan
Published: August 2024

Environmental DNA (eDNA) preserved in marine sediments is increasingly being used to study past ecosystems. However, little is known about how accurately marine biodiversity is recorded in sediment eDNA archives, especially planktonic taxa. Here, we address this question by comparing eukaryotic diversity in 273 eDNA samples from three water depths and the surface sediments of 24 stations in the Nordic Seas. Analysis of 18S‐V9 metabarcoding data reveals distinct eukaryotic assemblages between water and sediment eDNA. Only 40% of Amplicon Sequence Variants (ASVs) detected in water were also found in sediment eDNA. Remarkably, the ASVs shared between water and sediment accounted for 80% of total sequence reads suggesting that a large amount of plankton DNA is transported to the seafloor, predominantly from abundant phytoplankton taxa. However, not all plankton taxa were equally archived on the seafloor. The plankton DNA deposited in the sediments was dominated by diatoms and showed an underrepresentation of certain nano‐ and picoplankton taxa (Picozoa or Prymnesiophyceae). Our study offers the first insights into the patterns of plankton diversity recorded in sediment in relation to seasonality and spatial variability of environmental conditions in the Nordic Seas. Our results suggest that the genetic composition and structure of the plankton community vary considerably throughout the water column and differ from what accumulates in the sediment. Hence, the interpretation of sedimentary eDNA archives should take into account potential taxonomic and abundance biases when reconstructing past changes in marine biodiversity.
Serum α‐amylase correlates with xerostomia in patients with primary Sjögren's disease
Authors: Lee Adrian Y. S.
Published: August 2024

Sjögren's disease is one of the most common systemic autoimmune diseases with hallmark features of sicca (dryness) symptoms of the eyes and mouth. There are a variety of ways to quantify xerostomia. α‐Amylase is an enzyme secreted by the pancreas and salivary glands. While not specific to salivary glands, it may be measured as a surrogate marker of their output. Therefore, in this short investigation, we determined if there were any associations of serum α‐amylase with subjective and objective markers of xerostomia. This investigation found a correlation between objective and subjective markers of xerostomia and α‐amylase which suggests that measuring this analyte is a novel adjunct to qualifying xerostomia in the clinic.
What would have made work in the COVID‐19 ICU less demanding? A qualitative study from 13 Swedish COVID‐19 ICUs
Authors: Escher Cecilia , Engqvist Fanny , Creutzfeldt Johan , Dahl Oili , Ericson Mats , Meurling Lisbet
Published: August 2024

Background

The COVID‐19 pandemic stretched Swedish intensive care unit (ICU) resources to an extent never experienced before, but even before the pandemic staffing was difficult and the number of staffed ICU beds was low. Studies have revealed high levels of COVID‐19 ICU staff burn‐out and fatigue, and as similar situations with high demands are likely to occur in the future a better understanding of resources that improve staff resilience is important. Using the job‐demand resource theory as a framework, we explored ICU professionals’ views on demands and resources when working in COVID‐19 ICUs with the aim to highlight factors that increased the job resources.

Methods

Data were collected via a web survey distributed to COVID‐19 ICU professionals, including both regular and temporary roles, working in 13 COVID‐19 ICU wards in Stockholm and Sörmland counties during the spring 2021. A total of 251 written responses to the question “What would have made work in the COVID‐19 ICU less demanding?” were analyzed using thematic analysis. One year later a member‐checking focus group interview was conducted to validate and further explore staff experiences.

Results

The main themes were work strategy, fairness and support, continuity, accessible leadership, introduction/information, and crisis preparedness. The analysis of the focus group conducted confirmed the main results and the extreme demands on ICU staff during the initial stages of the pandemic.

Conclusion

To increase staff health and performance in a long‐term crisis our results suggest; maintaining workplace leadership, scheduling work in advance and, when possible, schedule for recovery.
Health care service utilization and drug overdose death: A national nested case–control registry study
Authors: Gjersing Linn , Amundsen Ellen J.
Published: August 2024

Background and Objectives

More knowledge is needed to identify and reach those at overdose risk with preventive measures. We examined past 12‐month health service utilization, identified the most frequently utilized service, explored this utilization in more detail, and examined correlates of overdose death.

Methods

A population‐based nested case–control registry study including all drug overdose deaths (1 January 2010 to 31 December 2018) in Norway through the Cause of Death Registry (n = 2388). The year‐, age‐ and gender‐matched controls included through a population registry (n = 21,465). Data cross‐linked with population and patient registries. Multivariable conditional logistic regression analyses estimated the likelihood of overdose death.

Results

The cases (vs. controls) attended a higher median number of services (3 vs. 1). The General Practitioner (GP) was the most utilized service. The majority (55.7%) of cases had 11–50 encounters, while the majority (60.7%) of the controls had 1–5 encounters. No high school diploma, no employment, urban living, social welfare benefits/disability pension, single‐person household, recent incarceration, multiple health service utilization and frequent GP encounters, as well psychological and certain physical diagnoses were correlates of overdose death among the GP attenders.

Discussion and Conclusions

The cases had utilized more services than the controls and the GP was the most frequently utilized service. In addition to low socioeconomic status, psychological and certain physical diagnoses were correlates of overdose death.

Scientific Significance

This is the first national case–control registry study to document the high utilization of multiple primary and secondary health care services before drug overdose death, as well as reasons for attendance and correlates of overdose death.
Embodied spatial metaphor of cultural concept from the perspective of cultural tightness–looseness: Cultural compatibility concept is closer to the body
Authors: Leng Jie , Wang Chengfang , Hu Ping
Published: August 2024

The body carries culture, with cultural concepts emerging from the dynamic interplay between the body and its environment. By integrating social representation theory and embodied cognition, we explored the use of embodied spatial metaphors in representing cultural tightness–looseness across three studies. In Study 1, 84 participants were randomly assigned to either a tight or loose culture group and tasked with placing cultural words within a spatial context. Participants positioned culturally compatible words closer to themselves and incompatible words farther away, illustrating the use of spatial distance metaphors to represent cultural tightness–looseness. Study 2 used an implicit task, demonstrating that people from both tight and loose cultures exhibited greater accuracy in judging culturally compatible concepts (vs. incompatible concepts) when these words were close to themselves. Study 3 unveiled distinct patterns of embodied spatial metaphors between tight and loose cultures when comparing cultural and irrelevant words. Notably, metaphors depicting nearness for culturally compatible words and farness for irrelevant words emerged exclusively in tight cultures, while such patterns were absent in loose cultures. Overall, our findings empirically support the notion that social representations are embodied, and provide embodied evidence for understanding and representing concepts related to cultural tightness–looseness.
Study on diagnostic‐sensitive markers of primary immune thrombocytopenia in children based on plasma proteomics
Authors: Xu Wei , Wang Yun , Cao Qingqing , Xue Yuanyuan , Zhu Haiyan , Zhang Rongrong , Tian Zhaofang , Yuan Yufang
Published: August 2024

To use proteomic techniques to identify sensitive diagnostic biomarkers for paediatric immune thrombocytopenia (ITP). We selected children in ITP and control groups, using a four‐dimensional data‐independent acquisition approach (4D‐DIA) to analyse its protein expression. The significantly differentially expressed proteins were selected for enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) validation in a cohort comprising 50 samples (13 healthy controls, 15 secondary thrombocytopenia controls and 22 children with ITP). Receiver operating characteristics (ROC) were generated to diagnose ITP and to assess the diagnostic effectiveness of this approach. Compared with the control group, 55 differentially expressed proteins (43 increased and 12 decreased) were determined in the ITP group. Matrix metalloproteinases‐9 (MMP‐9) and thrombospondin‐1 (THBS1) were significantly expressed and selected for ELISA. The verification outcomes aligned with the findings from the proteomic examinations. In contrast to the control cohort, the ITP subjects exhibited markedly elevated plasma MMP‐9 levels and reduced plasma THBS1 concentrations. Additionally, the ROC curves indicated the diagnostic value of these biomarkers. In conclusion, proteomics facilitates identifying the sensitive biomarkers for ITP diagnosis. We have preliminarily selected two differentially expressed proteins, MMP‐9 and THBS1, whose potential role as biomarkers for diagnosing ITP requires further research.
HLA‐lacking clones in aplastic anaemia: Adaptive or maladaptive?
Authors: Gurnari Carmelo , Lima Alberto Cardoso Martins , Pagliuca Simona
Published: August 2024

HLA loss represents the result of immune forces shaping bone marrow clonal dynamics in immune aplastic anaemia. Human leukocyte antigen (HLA)‐deficient clones may rescue haematopoiesis by evading immune attacks, potentially guiding treatment strategies.

Commentary on: Zaimoku et al. Haematopoietic regeneration by HLA‐A*0206‐deficient clones in severe aplastic anaemia without definitive immunosuppressive treatment. Br J Haematol 2024; 205:1995‐1999.
Salvage stereotactic ablative body radiotherapy after thermal ablation of primary kidney cancer
Authors: Ali Muhammad , Kwon Young Suk , Koo Kendrick , Bruynzeel Anna , Pryor David , Schep Daniel G. , Huo Michael , Stein Maggie , Swaminath Anand , Hannan Raquibul , Siva Shankar
Published: August 2024

Objective

To evaluate the effectiveness and safety of salvage stereotactic ablative body radiotherapy (SABR) for recurrent renal cell carcinoma (RCC) after thermal ablation (TA).

Materials and Methods

This study was a multi‐institutional retrospective analysis of patients with recurrent RCC following TA who received SABR between 2016 and 2020. The primary study outcome was freedom from local failure, evaluated radiographically based on Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumours (RECIST) v1.1. Distant failure, cancer‐specific survival (CSS), overall survival (OS), treatment‐related toxicity and renal function changes following SABR were the secondary outcomes. The Kaplan–Meier method was used to estimate freedom from local and distant failure, CSS and OS.

Results

Seventeen patients with 18 biopsy‐confirmed RCCs were included, with a median (interquartile range [IQR]) age at time of SABR of 75.2 (72.6–68.7) years, a median (IQR) tumour size of 3.5 (1.9–4.1) cm and follow‐up (reverse Kaplan–Meier method) of 3.36 (95% confidence interval [CI] 1.6–4.1) years. Six of the 17 patients had a solitary kidney. Five patients had failed repeat TA prior to SABR. The median (IQR) time from TA procedure to SABR was 3.03 (1.5–5.1) years. No patient experienced local progression, with a local control rate of 100%. Four patients, two with baseline metastatic disease, experienced distant progression. The distant progression‐free survival, CSS and OS at 3 years were 72.1% (95% CI 51.9%–100%), 92.3% (95% CI 78.9%–100%) and 82.1% (95% CI 62.1%–100%), respectively. The median (IQR) glomerular filtration rate before SABR was 58 (40–71) mL/min, and at last follow‐up, it was 48 (33–57) mL/min. No patient experienced grade 3+ toxicity or went on to develop end‐stage renal disease.

Conclusion

The results showed that SABR appears to be an effective and safe salvage strategy in patients with recurrent RCC following TA.
The PARP inhibitor rucaparib blocks SARS‐CoV‐2 virus binding to cells and the immune reaction in models of COVID‐19
Authors: Papp Henrietta , Tóth Emese , Bóvári‐Biri Judit , Bánfai Krisztina , Juhász Péter , Mahdi Mohamed , Russo Lilian Cristina , Bajusz Dávid , Sipos Adrienn , Petri László , Szalai Tibor Viktor , Kemény Ágnes , Madai Mónika , Kuczmog Anett , Batta Gyula , Mózner Orsolya , Vaskó Dorottya , Hirsch Edit , Bohus Péter , Méhes Gábor , Tőzsér József , Curtin Nicola J. , Helyes Zsuzsanna , Tóth Attila , Hoch Nicolas C. , Jakab Ferenc , Keserű György M. , Pongrácz Judit E. , Bai Péter
Published: August 2024

Background and Purpose

To date, there are limited options for severe Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19), caused by SARS‐CoV‐2 virus. As ADP‐ribosylation events are involved in regulating the life cycle of coronaviruses and the inflammatory reactions of the host; we have, here, assessed the repurposing of registered PARP inhibitors for the treatment of COVID‐19.

Experimental Approach

The effects of PARP inhibitors on virus uptake were assessed in cell‐based experiments using multiple variants of SARS‐CoV‐2. The binding of rucaparib to spike protein was tested by molecular modelling and microcalorimetry. The anti‐inflammatory properties of rucaparib were demonstrated in cell‐based models upon challenging with recombinant spike protein or SARS‐CoV‐2 RNA vaccine.

Key Results

We detected high levels of oxidative stress and strong PARylation in all cell types in the lungs of COVID‐19 patients, both of which negatively correlated with lymphocytopaenia. Interestingly, rucaparib, unlike other tested PARP inhibitors, reduced the SARS‐CoV‐2 infection rate through binding to the conserved 493–498 amino acid region located in the spike‐ACE2 interface in the spike protein and prevented viruses from binding to ACE2. In addition, the spike protein and viral RNA‐induced overexpression of cytokines was down‐regulated by the inhibition of PARP1 by rucaparib at pharmacologically relevant concentrations.

Conclusion and Implications

These results point towards repurposing rucaparib for treating inflammatory responses in COVID‐19.
Reaction to Diagnosis and Parental Concerns in Parents of Children and Young Adults With XYY Syndrome
Authors: Zampini Laura , Zanchi Paola , Silibello Gaia , Mastromattei Domenica , Ajmone Paola Francesca , Dall'Ara Francesca , Monti Federico , Costantino Maria Antonella , Vizziello Paola Giovanna
Published: August 2024

Background

There is a growing interest in exploring parents' views on the benefits of early diagnosis and awareness of sex chromosome trisomies. However, only a few studies focus specifically on the experience of parents of children with XYY syndrome. The present study aimed to assess, in parents of individuals with XYY, the perceived severity of their children's condition, their level of satisfaction with the disclosure process and their concerns about their children's present and future condition.

Methods

A national online sample of 56 Italian parents of children and young adults diagnosed with XYY syndrome participated in the study. They filled out a specifically developed online survey that assessed their children's areas of concern, their experience with the disclosure process and their worries about their children's condition.

Results

Seventy per cent of the parents received a prenatal diagnosis, whereas 30% received a postnatal diagnosis. High individual variability was found in the parent report of their child's condition. The most frequent areas of concern were attention regulation, emotion control and behaviour control. Individuals with a postnatal diagnosis showed more severe profiles. Parents were generally dissatisfied with the disclosure process, with no differences between prenatal and postnatal disclosure. However, more than 50% of the parents who received a prenatal disclosure reported that their child's condition was less severe than they had expected. In contrast, only 11% of the parents with postnatal disclosure reported this situation. Parents' concerns were negatively related to global satisfaction with the disclosure process and the correspondence between current and expected conditions but positively associated with the child's severity level.

Conclusions

The results suggest that clear and realistic information during the disclosure process to parents is needed in both prenatal and postnatal communication and may alleviate parents' concerns.
Religious development from adolescence to early adulthood among Muslim and Christian youth in Germany: A person‐oriented approach
Authors: Spiegler Olivia , Jonsson Jan O. , Bracegirdle Chloe
Published: August 2024

Religious decline, often observed among North American Christian youth, may not apply universally. We examined this and whether religiosity is associated with well‐being, risk behavior, cultural values, and acculturation among 4080 Muslim and Christian adolescents aged 15–22 in Germany. Utilizing seven waves from the CILS4EU project and a person‐oriented analytical approach, we identified different religious trajectories for Muslim (58% high, 31% low, 11% increasing), immigrant‐origin Christian (68% low, 32% medium), and non‐immigrant Christian (74% low, 17% decreasing, 9% medium) youth. High and medium trajectories were associated with greater well‐being, lower risk behavior, more conservative attitudes, and less sociocultural integration. To fully understand religious development, we must consider diverse national contexts and groups, employing long‐term perspectives and person‐centered analyses.
Object exploration is facilitated by the physical and social environment in center‐based child care
Authors: van Liempd Ine H. , Oudgenoeg‐Paz Ora , Leseman Paul P. M.
Published: August 2024

Object exploration is considered a driver of motor, cognitive, and social development. However, little is known about how early childhood education and care settings facilitate object exploration. This study examined if children's exploration of objects during free play was facilitated by the use of particular spatial components (floor, tables, and activity centers) and types of play (solitary, social, and parallel). Participants were 61 children (aged 11 to 48 months and 50.8% boys, socioeconomic levels representative of the Dutch population). Intraindividual variability in children's object exploration was predicted by the use of particular spatial components and the social setting, with small‐to‐medium effect sizes. Solitary and parallel play were positively associated with complex object exploration, especially when sitting or standing at child‐height tables. During social play, object exploration was mostly absent.
Maxillary sinus membrane perforation rate utilizing osseodensification‐mediated transcrestal sinus floor elevation: A multicenter clinical study
Authors: Mazor Ziv , Gaspar Joao , Silva Robert , Pohl Snjezana , Gandhi Yazad , Huwais Salah , Bergamo Edmara Tatiely Pedroso , Bonfante Estevam Augusto , Neiva Rodrigo
Published: August 2024

Purpose

This multicenter cross‐sectional clinical study aimed to evaluate the membrane perforation rate during transcrestal sinus floor elevation (TSFE) using osseodensification (OD) burs and assess risk factors associated with the procedure.

Materials and Methods

This study was conducted in six centers, following ethical standards and approved by local committees. It included patients over 18 years old missing maxillary posterior teeth with crestal residual bone height (RBH) ≥2 and ≤6 mm. Preoperative evaluations were done, including CBCT scans, to assess bone dimensions and sinus health. All centers and surgeons followed a standardized surgical protocol for TSFE using OD burs. Surgical complications, particularly sinus membrane perforations, were recorded and analyzed. Factors such as implant site, premolars or molars, as well as, healed or fresh socket, along with initial RBH were evaluated for their impact on membrane perforation rate. Descriptive statistics, χ2, and logistic regression analysis were used to analyze the data.

Results

A total of 621 subjects with an average age of 57.9 years were included. Sinus lifting was performed at 670 sites, with 621 implants placed in the maxilla. The majority of sinus lifts were done in the molar region (76.87%) and in healed bone sites (74.33%). The average RBH was 5.1 mm (ranging from 2 to 7 mm). Sinus membrane perforation occurred in 49 cases (7.31%). RBH ≤3 mm posed a risk factor for sinus membrane perforations followed by RBH >3 and ≤5 mm. Tooth region and implant site were not associated as risk factors for sinus membrane perforation.

Conclusion

OD drilling used for TSFE resulted in low membrane perforation rate. Challenging scenarios of severe posterior maxillary atrophy presented as risk factors for increased perforation rate.
Association of Frailty With Clinical and Financial Outcomes Following Liver Transplantation
Authors: Porter Giselle , Sakowitz Sara , Mallick Saad , Vadlakonda Amulya , Curry Joanna , Ali Konmal , Balian Jeffrey , Benharash Peyman
Published: August 2024

Introduction

Frailty, a measure of physiological aging and reserve, has been validated as a prognostic indicator of mortality in patients with cirrhosis. However, large‐scale analyses of the independent association of frailty with clinical and financial outcomes following liver transplantation (LT) are lacking.

Methods

Adults (≥18 years) undergoing LT were identified in the 2016–2020 National Readmissions Database. Frailty was defined using the binary Johns Hopkins Adjusted Clinical Groups frailty indicator. Multivariable linear and logistic regression models were developed to evaluate the independent association of frailty with in‐hospital mortality, perioperative complications, and costs.

Results

Of an estimated 34 442 patients undergoing LT, 8265 (24%) were frail. After adjustment, frailty was associated with greater odds of mortality (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] 1.80; 95% Confidence Interval [CI]: 1.49–1.18), postoperative length of stay (β + 11 days; 95% CI: +10, +12), and hospitalization costs (+$86 880; 95% CI: +75 660, +98 100), as well as a two‐fold increase in relative risk of nonhome discharge (AOR 2.17, 95% CI: 1.90–2.49).

Conclusions

Frailty is associated with an increased risk of in‐hospital mortality, complications, and resource utilization among LT recipients. As the proportion of frail LT patients continues to rise, our findings underscore the need for novel risk‐stratification and individualized care protocols for such vulnerable patients.
Prognostic value of the stress‐hyperglycaemia ratio in patients with moderate‐to‐severe coronary artery calcification: Insights from a large cohort study
Authors: Lin Zhangyu , Song Yanjun , Yuan Sheng , He Jining , Dou Kefei
Published: August 2024

Aim

To evaluate the relationship between the stress‐hyperglycaemia ratio (SHR) and the clinical prognosis of patients with moderate‐to‐severe coronary artery calcification (MSCAC).

Methods

We consecutively enrolled 3841 patients with angiography‐detected MSCAC. The individuals were categorized into three groups based on SHR tertiles: T1 (SHR ≤ 0.77), T2 (0.77 < SHR ≤ 0.89) and T3 (SHR > 0.89). The SHR value was calculated using the formula SHR = [admission glucose (mmol/L)]/[1.59 × HbA1c (%) − 2.59]. The primary outcomes were major adverse cardiovascular and cerebrovascular events (MACCEs), including all‐cause death, non‐fatal myocardial infarction and non‐fatal stroke.

Results

During a median follow‐up of 3.11 years, 241 MACCEs were recorded. Kaplan–Meier survival analysis showed that the SHR T3 group had the highest incidence of MACCEs (P < .001). Moreover, findings from the restricted cubic spline analysis showed a significant and positive association between the SHR and MACCEs. This correlation remained consistent even after considering other variables that could potentially impact the results (Pnon‐linear = .794). When comparing SHR T1 with SHR T3, it was found that SHR T3 was significantly associated with an increased risk of the primary outcome (adjusted hazard ratio = 1.50; 95% confidence interval: 1.10‐2.03).

Conclusions

Patients with MSCAC showed a positive correlation between the SHR and MACCE rate over a 3‐year follow‐up period. The study showed that an SHR value of 0.83 is the key threshold, indicating a poor prognosis. Future large‐scale multicentre investigations should be conducted to determine the predictive value of the SHR in patients with MSCAC.
Feeding ontogeny: A new approach to predator–prey interactions
Authors: Rosa Rafael Rogério , Bellay Sybelle , Bialetzki Andréa
Published: August 2024

Diets of fish larvae may vary within populations and among species and are affected by larval prey availability and foraging capacity. We aimed to describe the diet of fish larvae based on empirical field observations, emphasizing the interaction and organization of the predator–prey network using Auchenipterus osteomystax as a species model. The network showed few interactions (low connectance and modularity) but a nested structure (some items that had fewer records tended to occur together with the most frequent ones), low complementary specialization (the proportions of ingested items tended to be equivalent) and a pattern of segregation (some items tended not to be consumed together) in the use of resources among individuals. Robustness was low when the removal of prey with a higher consumption frequency occurred. The correlation between morphological variables and network attributes was significant and positive for abundance and strength, while the correlation with nested rank was negative. The availability of suitable dietary resources is likely to be the key factor for success and survival in the early stages of development. With changes in morphology during larval development, A. osteomystax showed a generalist position in the network as its predation capacity increased. A new approach to trophic ecology studies of fish larvae incorporating network analysis may help explain the individual characteristics of larvae and assess the pattern of interactions in the population.
Safety and efficacy of B cell maturation antigen‐directed CAR T‐cell therapy in patients with relapsed/refractory multiple myeloma and concurrent light chain amyloidosis
Authors: Goel Utkarsh , Dima Danai , Davis James , Ahmed Nausheen , Shaikh Hira , Lochner Jonathan , Abdallah Al‐Ola , Khouri Jack , Hashmi Hamza , Anwer Faiz
Published: August 2024

Clinical trials evaluating chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T‐cell therapy in relapsed/refractory multiple myeloma (RRMM) have typically excluded patients with AL amyloidosis. As a result, there are limited data on the safety and efficacy of CAR T‐cell therapy in this patient population. We retrospectively reviewed eight consecutive patients with RRMM and AL amyloidosis who were treated with standard of care CAR T‐cell therapy. Cytokine release syndrome was seen in 75% of patients (grade ≥3: 0%) and immune effector cell‐associated neurotoxicity syndrome (grade 1) in only one patient. Low‐grade cytopenias were common (any grade/grade ≥3: neutropenia 62.5%/37.5%, anemia 37.5%/0%, thrombocytopenia 25%/0%). CAR T‐cell therapy led to rapid and deep responses with a median time to best response of 43 days and a hematologic very good partial response or better rate of 62.5%. Overall, we found that commercial CAR T‐cell therapy was feasible, and effective in patients with RRMM and concurrent AL amyloidosis.
Neural correlates of the experience of ugliness
Authors: Rasche Samuel E. , Beyh Ahmad , Paolini Marco , Zeki Semir
Published: August 2024

Previous studies have shown that the experience of beauty is dependent upon the co‐activity of field A1 of the medial frontal cortex and sensory areas. This leaves us with the question of ugliness; are the same neural mechanisms involved in this experience, including neural activity patterns, or are different mechanisms at play? This question arises because ugliness, although often regarded as the opposite of beauty, could possibly be a distinct aesthetic category. Subjects were asked to rate faces according to how ugly they found them to be while their brain activity was measured with functional magnetic resonance imaging. There was moderate agreement in the experience of ugliness of faces among subjects. Univariate parametric analyses did not reveal any brain regions with increasing activity as the declared intensity of the experience of ugliness increased. In contrast, increasing activity appeared in the striatum and posterior medial orbitofrontal cortex with decreasing levels of ugliness. As with studies on facial beauty, representational similarity analysis revealed distinct neural activity patterns with the experience of facial ugliness in sensory areas relevant for face processing and in the medial orbitofrontal cortex. Thus, similar neural mechanisms appear to be involved in the experience of facial beauty and ugliness, the difference being the level and distribution of activity within the neural network. This suggests that ugliness and beauty are on the same aesthetic continuum.
Trazodone counteracts the response of microglial cells to inflammatory stimuli
Authors: Chelucci Elisa , Daniele Simona , Vergassola Matteo , Ceccarelli Lorenzo , Zucchi Sara , Boltri Luigi , Martini Claudia
Published: August 2024

Microglia are resident brain cells that regulate neuronal development and innate immunity. Microglia activation participates in the cellular response to neuroinflammation, thus representing a possible target for pharmacological strategies aimed to counteract the onset and progression of brain disorders, including depression. Antidepressant drugs have been reported to reduce neuroinflammation by acting also on glial cells. Herein, the potential anti‐inflammatory and neuroprotective effects of trazodone (TRZ) on the microglial human microglial clone 3 (HMC3) cell line were investigated. HMC3 cells were activated by a double inflammatory stimulus (lipopolysaccharide [LPS] and tumour necrosis factor‐alpha [TNF‐α], 24 h each), and the induction of inflammation was demonstrated by (i) the increased expression levels of nuclear factor kappa‐light‐chain‐enhancer of activated B cells (NF‐kB) and ionized calcium‐binding adapter molecule 1 (IBA‐1), and (ii) the increased release of interleukin 6 (IL‐6) and transforming growth factor‐beta (TGF‐β). TRZ effects were evaluated by treating HMC3 cells for 24 h before (pre‐treatment) and after (post‐treatment) the double inflammatory stimulus. Notably, TRZ treatments significantly decreased the expression of NF‐kB and IBA‐1 and the release of the cytokines IL‐6 and TGF‐β. Moreover, TRZ prevented and reduced the release of quinolinic acid (QUIN), a known neurotoxic kynurenine metabolite. Finally, cellular supernatants collected from microglial cells pre‐treated LPS‐TNF‐α with TRZ were able to improve neuronal‐like cell viability, demonstrating a potential neuroprotective effect. Overall, this study suggests the anti‐inflammatory effects of TRZ on human microglia and strives for its neuroprotective properties.
Optimizing ketogenic diet therapy for childhood epilepsy: Identifying key factors for seizure control and psychomotor enhancement
Authors: Tong Xin , Wang Qian , Yang Jie , Zhou Jielan , Chen Xiaolu , Gan Jing , Cai Qianyun , Yu Tao , Luo Rong
Published: August 2024

Objective

To identify key factors influencing the therapeutic efficacy of the ketogenic diet (KD) for children with drug‐resistant epilepsy and elucidate their interconnected relationships to optimize clinical practice.

Methods

Participants were selected from children receiving KD treatment at West Second University Hospital of Sichuan University from September 2015 to October 2023. Clinical factors pre‐KD and post‐KD (at the third month) were analyzed systematically using an analytical framework. Descriptive analyses, univariate analyses, and multivariate regression analyses were performed for the entire cohort and subgroups of genetic and non‐genetic (i.e., structural and unknown) etiologies. Thereby, the most significant predictors were identified for each relevant dependent variable. Path analysis diagrams were used for visual representation.

Results

Of 156 patients, genetic etiology was prevalent (38.5%). In the genetic subgroup, channelopathies predicted lower baseline seizure frequency and increased chance of seizure freedom with KD. Frequent seizures and complex history of anti‐seizure medications (ASMs) predicted severe baseline psychomotor abnormalities. Younger age at KD initiation benefited psychomotor improvement. In the non‐genetic subgroup, lower baseline seizure frequency increased the likelihood of seizure freedom post‐KD. Concurrent use of multiple ASMs helped achieve ≥50% seizure reduction. Boys were more likely to experience psychomotor improvement. A significant correlation was found between ≥50% seizure reduction and psychomotor improvement in both subgroups. Delayed KD initiation (longer epilepsy duration at KD start) was related to a greater number of ASMs used, infrequent seizures, and older age at epilepsy onset. In addition, patients with channelopathies had delayed initiation of KD.

Significance

Children with genetic epilepsy display more pronounced characteristics of epileptic encephalopathy. Early KD intervention is crucial for channelopathies, notably SCN1A variants. For other drug‐resistant epilepsy cases, KD alongside diverse ASMs may improve seizure control and developmental outcomes. However, the patient population benefiting most from early KD tends to start the treatment later, urging a re‐evaluation of KD decision‐making paradigms.
Phase field modeling for composite material failure
Authors: Yu Yuanfeng , Hou Chi , Zheng Xiaoya , Zhao Meiying
Published: August 2024

A computational framework of anisotropic phase field model is used to investigate the effects of effective critical energy release rate, interface property, and hole shape on the failure of composite material in this paper. This model is implemented in ABAQUS using a user‐defined element (UEL). First of all, the model is validated through a benchmark model. Second, the effective critical energy release rate is introduced, which can improve the accuracy of the simulation result. Then, the influence of strong and weak interfaces on the failure of composite material is studied. It can be found that the interface properties can change the evolution mode of crack and the final load–displacement response. Finally, the effect of hole shapes on the failure of the composite material is also explored, which shows that the bearing capacity of model can be improved by changing the shape of the hole.