bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Magnetic Phase Transition and Universality Class of h-YMnO3 and h-(Y0.98Eu0.02)MnO3 Under Zero and Applied Pressure
Authors: Holm-Dahlin Sonja , Janas Sofie , Kreisel Andreas , Pomjakushina Ekaterina , White Jonathan , Fennell Amy , Lefmann Kim
Published: August 2018

We investigated the antiferromagnetic phase transition in the frustrated and multiferroic hexagonal manganites h-YMnO 3 (YMO) and h-(Y 0.98 Eu 0.02 )MnO 3 (YEMO). Elastic neutron scattering was used to study, in detail, the phase transition in YMO and YEMO under zero pressure and in YMO under a hydrostatic pressure of 1.5 GPa. Under conditions of zero pressure, we found critical temperatures of T N = 71.3 ( 1 ) K and 72.11 ( 5 ) K and the critical exponent 0.22 ( 2 ) and β = 0.206 ( 3 ) , for YMO and YEMO, respectively. This is in agreement with earlier work by Roessli et al. Under an applied hydrostatic pressure of 1.5 GPa, the ordering temperature increased to T N = 75.2 ( 5 ) K, in agreement with earlier reports, while β was unchanged. Inelastic neutron scattering was used to determine the size of the anisotropy spin wave gap close to the phase transition. From spin wave theory, the gap is expected to close with a critical exponent, β ′ , identical to the order parameter β . Our results indicate that the gap in YEMO indeed closes at T N = 72.4 ( 3 ) K with β ′ = 0.24 ( 2 ) , while the in-pressure gap in YMO closes at 75.2(5) K with an exponent of β ′ = 0.19 ( 3 ) . In addition, the low temperature anisotropy gap was found to have a slightly higher absolute value under pressure. The consistent values obtained for β in the two systems support the likelihood of a new universality class for triangular, frustrated antiferromagnets.
The Determinants of CDS Spreads in Multiple Industry Sectors: A Comparison between the US and Europe
Authors: Malhotra Jatin , Corelli Angelo
Published: August 2018

The paper analyzes the relationship between the credit default swaps (CDS) spreads for 5-year CDS in Europe and US, and fundamental macroeconomic variables such as regional stock indices, oil prices, gold prices, and interest rates. The dataset includes consideration of multiple industry sectors in both economies, and it is split in two sections, before and after the global financial crisis. The analysis is carried out using multivariate regression of each index vs. the macroeconomic variables, and a Granger causality test. Both approaches are performed on the change of value of the variables involved. Results show that equity markets lead in price discovery, bidirectional causality between interest rate, and CDS spreads for most sectors involved. There is also bidirectional causality between stock and oil returns to CDS spreads.
A Sensor Based on a Spherical Parallel Mechanism for the Measurement of Fluid Velocity: Physical Modelling and Computational Analysis
Authors: Saltarén Roque , Portilla Gerardo , Barroso Alejandro R. , Cely Juan
Published: August 2018

In this article, a new method was developed to measure the velocity of a fluid using a sensor, based on the use of a spherical parallel mechanism with three degrees-of-freedom (DOF). This sensor transforms the kinetic energy of the fluid into potential energy by deforming the parallel mechanism. This deformation is due to the impact of the fluid on a sphere attached to the platform of the parallel mechanism. Through the acquisition of data from a sensor using an inertial measurement unit (IMU) in the sphere, an algorithm calculates the velocity and direction of the fluid. In this article, a mathematical model of the mechanism and an algorithm for correctly measuring the velocity and direction of the fluid is developed; this algorithm is tested through a simulation in the Adams software, and the MATLAB software is used to execute the algorithm. The results show that the algorithm calculates the velocity and the direction of the fluid correctly, demonstrating the technical feasibility of the sensor.
Effect of Metal Thickness on the Sensitivity of Crack-Based Sensors
Authors: Lee Eunhan , Kim Taewi , Suh Heeseong , Kim Minho , Pikhitsa Peter V. , Han Seungyong , Koh Je-sung , Kang Daeshik
Published: August 2018

Among many attempts to make a decent human motion detector in various engineering fields, a mechanical crack-based sensor that deliberately generates and uses nano-scale cracks on a metal deposited thin film is gaining attention for its high sensitivity. While the metal layer of the sensor must be responsible for its high performance, its effects have not received much academic interest. In this paper, we studied the relationship between the thickness of the metal layer and the characteristics of the sensor by depositing a few nanometers of chromium (Cr) and gold (Au) on the PET film. We found that the sensitivity of the crack sensor improves/increases under the following conditions: (1) when Au is thin and Cr is thick; and (2) when the ratio of Au is lower than that of Cr, which also increases the transmittance of the sensor, along with its sensitivity. As we only need a small amount of Au to achieve high sensitivity of the sensor, we have suggested more efficient and economical fabrication methods. With this crack-based sensor, we were able to successfully detect finger motions and to distinguish various signs of American Sign Language (ASL).
Kernel Sparse Representation with Hybrid Regularization for On-Road Traffic Sensor Data Imputation
Authors: Chen Xiaobo , Chen Cheng , Cai Yingfeng , Wang Hai , Ye Qiaolin
Published: August 2018

The problem of missing values (MVs) in traffic sensor data analysis is universal in current intelligent transportation systems because of various reasons, such as sensor malfunction, transmission failure, etc. Accurate imputation of MVs is the foundation of subsequent data analysis tasks since most analysis algorithms need complete data as input. In this work, a novel MVs imputation approach termed as kernel sparse representation with elastic net regularization (KSR-EN) is developed for reconstructing MVs to facilitate analysis with traffic sensor data. The idea is to represent each sample as a linear combination of other samples due to inherent spatiotemporal correlation, as well as periodicity of daily traffic flow. To discover few yet correlated samples and make full use of the valuable information, a combination of l1-norm and l2-norm is employed to penalize the combination coefficients. Moreover, the linear representation among samples is extended to nonlinear representation by mapping input data space into high-dimensional feature space, which further enhances the recovery performance of our proposed approach. An efficient iterative algorithm is developed for solving KSR-EN model. The proposed method is verified on both an artificially simulated dataset and a public road network traffic sensor data. The results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed approach in terms of MVs imputation.
A Smart Congestion Control Mechanism for the Green IoT Sensor-Enabled Information-Centric Networking
Authors: Sukjaimuk Rungrot , Nguyen Quang Ngoc , Sato Takuro
Published: August 2018

Information-Centric Networking (ICN) is a new Internet architecture design, which is considered as the global-scale Future Internet (FI) paradigm. Though ICN offers considerable benefits over the existing IP-based Internet architecture, its practical deployment in real life still has many challenges, especially in the case of high congestion and limited power in a sensor enabled-network for the Internet of Things (IoT) era. In this paper, we propose a smart congestion control mechanism to diminish the network congestion rate, reduce sensor power consumptions, and enhance the network performance of ICN at the same time to realize a complete green and efficient ICN-based sensor networking model. The proposed network system uses the chunk-by-chunk aggregated packets according to the content popularity to diminish the number of exchanged packets needed for data transmission. We also design the sensor power-based cache management strategy, and an adaptive Markov-based sensor scheduling policy with selective sensing algorithm to further maximize power savings for the sensors. The evaluation results using ndnSIM (a widely-used ICN simulator) show that the proposed model can provide higher network performance efficiency with lower energy consumption for the future Internet by achieving higher throughput with higher cache hit rate and lower Interest packet drop rate as we increase the number of IoT sensors in ICN.
Feature Representation and Data Augmentation for Human Activity Classification Based on Wearable IMU Sensor Data Using a Deep LSTM Neural Network
Authors: Steven Eyobu Odongo , Han Dong Seog
Published: August 2018

Wearable inertial measurement unit (IMU) sensors are powerful enablers for acquisition of motion data. Specifically, in human activity recognition (HAR), IMU sensor data collected from human motion are categorically combined to formulate datasets that can be used for learning human activities. However, successful learning of human activities from motion data involves the design and use of proper feature representations of IMU sensor data and suitable classifiers. Furthermore, the scarcity of labelled data is an impeding factor in the process of understanding the performance capabilities of data-driven learning models. To tackle these challenges, two primary contributions are in this article: first; by using raw IMU sensor data, a spectrogram-based feature extraction approach is proposed. Second, an ensemble of data augmentations in feature space is proposed to take care of the data scarcity problem. Performance tests were conducted on a deep long term short term memory (LSTM) neural network architecture to explore the influence of feature representations and the augmentations on activity recognition accuracy. The proposed feature extraction approach combined with the data augmentation ensemble produces state-of-the-art accuracy results in HAR. A performance evaluation of each augmentation approach is performed to show the influence on classification accuracy. Finally, in addition to using our own dataset, the proposed data augmentation technique is evaluated against the University of California, Irvine (UCI) public online HAR dataset and yields state-of-the-art accuracy results at various learning rates.
Creating Communities of Choice: Stakeholder Participation in Community Planning
Authors: Wesley Joan Marshall , Ainsworth Ester L.
Published: August 2018

Community stakeholders can be valuable allies to city officials engaged in downtown regeneration and community planning. This project highlights the force of engaging such allies in planning initiatives. It focuses on a long-neglected community that was once a thriving African American cultural and commercial hub. Organized as a city-university collaborative, the project brought together a cadre of community stakeholders: a planning studio professor and graduate students; a professional planner; architects; preservationists; and area residents, business owners and community leaders. Stakeholders held several meetings to evaluate the overall needs of the area, discuss options that would allow the concurrency of neighborhood revitalization, historic preservation and commercial economic interests while adhering to existing design guidelines. The group’s work culminated in a proposed land use plan that is sensitive to the needs of families, businesses and the city’s revitalization efforts. The plan calls for creating built spaces that complement the natural environment and encourages integrating green initiatives with regenerative efforts. It proposes creating active parks; cultural, arts and entertainment districts; and zoning that allows for single and multifamily housing. It transforms the district into one that is mixed-use, economically viable, family-oriented and preserves the area’s authentically historic and cultural assets.
Detecting Body Mass Index from a Facial Photograph in Lifestyle Intervention
Authors: Barr Makenzie L. , Guo Guodong , Colby Sarah E. , Olfert Melissa D.
Published: August 2018

This study aimed to identify whether a research participant’s body-mass index (BMI) can be correctly identified from their facial image (photograph) in order to improve data capturing in dissemination and implementation research. Facial BMI (fBMI) was measured using an algorithm formulated to identify points on each enrolled participant’s face from a photograph. Once facial landmarks were detected, distances and ratios between them were computed to characterize facial fatness. A regression function was then used to represent the relationship between facial measures and BMI values to then calculate fBMI from each photo image. Simultaneously, BMI was physically measured (mBMI) by trained researchers, calculated as weight in kilograms divided by height in meters squared (adult BMI). Correlation analysis of fBMI to mBMI (n = 1210) showed significant correlation between fBMI and BMIs in normal and overweight categories (p < 0.0001). Further analysis indicated fBMI to be less accurate in underweight and obese participants. Matched pair data for each individual indicated that fBMI identified participant BMI an average of 0.4212 less than mBMI (p < 0.0007). Contingency table analysis found 109 participants in the ‘obese’ category of mBMI were positioned into a lower category for fBMI. Facial imagery is a viable measure for dissemination of human research; however, further testing to sensitize fBMI measures for underweight and obese individuals are necessary.
Laboratory Investigation on the Evolution of a Sandy Beach Nourishment Protected by a Mixed Soft–Hard System
Authors: Saponieri Alessandra , Valentini Nico , Di Risio Marcello , Pasquali Davide , Damiani Leonardo
Published: August 2018

A new experimental campaign on a 2D movable-bed physical model, reproducing a typical nourishment sandy beach profile, is being carried out in the wave flume of the Laboratory of Coastal Engineering at Politecnico di Bari (Bari, Italy). The main aim is to assess the short-term evolution of a sandy beach nourishment, relying on a mixed solution built on the deployment of a Beach Drainage System (BDS) and a rubble-mound detached submerged breakwater. This paper aims at illustrating the experimental findings. Tests presented herein deal with both unprotected and protected configurations, focusing on the hydrodynamic and morphodynamic processes under erosive conditions. Results show that, with respect to the unprotected conditions, BDS reduces the shoreline retreat and the beach steepen within swash and surf zone as well. Moreover, a reduction of net sediment transport rate is observed. When BDS is coupled with the submerged sill, a reversal of the prevalent direction of the net sediment transport seaward occurs offshore the sheltered region. Less considerable positive effects on shoreline retreat are induced by the submerged structure, whereas the mean beach slope remains quite stable. Secondary effects of drain on the submerged sill performance are also highlighted. BDS reduces wave-induced setup on beach, by mitigating the mean water level raising, typically experienced by such structures.
Revising Importance–Performance Analysis: A New Synthetic Service Quality Indicator Applied to the Tourist Apartment Industry
Authors: Martín Juan Carlos , Mendoza Cira , Román Concepción
Published: August 2018

Importance–performance analysis (IPA) is a valuable tool for developing marketing strategies by prioritizing improvements to service quality attributes. Despite its simplicity and easy interpretability, IPA is not free from criticism. Moreover, IPA methodology does not consider the distribution of respondents when the importance–performance grid is displayed. By applying the analysis to a sample of four competing tourist apartment complexes located in the Canary Islands, this work aims to propose a new synthetic service quality indicator by importance–performance analysis (SSQI-IPA) to overcome the above-mentioned limitations. On the one hand, by comparing service performance with competitors, managers can establish adequate strategies to enhance their relative position in the market and achieve competitive advantages. On the other hand, taking into account the whole distribution of the importance–performance grid provides managers with more accurate results than traditional IPA.
Sustainable Long-Distance Trail Management: International Perspectives
Authors: Stender Kerstin , Sanders Dale , Dowling Ross
Published: August 2018

The management of long-distance trails was investigated through a review of global case studies including the Munda Biddi Trail (Australia), Nga Haerenga Cycle Trail (New Zealand), Arizona Trail and Appalachian Trail and Pacific Crest Trail (USA), West Highland Way (UK), Lechweg (Germany/Austria),
E-Paths (Europe), Rim of Africa Trail (SA), and Jeju Olle Trail (South Korea). Through comparative analysis, the trail management components were identified as: funding, volunteering, governance, partnerships, conservation, infrastructure, and tourism. These components were then analyzed within
the context of political, social and environmental settings. The findings indicate that the most financially sustainable model is the community approach, which involves a partnership between government and a not-for-profit organization. It extends the income stream options and reduces overhead
through the use of volunteers for maintenance. Tourism strategies, such as marketing, promotion, and product and destination development, further extend the trail's financial sustainability by maximizing user numbers and partnering with businesses. This also increases regional economic benefits and improves the user experience.
Examining Stress Relief Benefits of Tourism Experiences: A Study of American Workers
Authors: Chen Chun-Chu
Published: August 2018

This research examines the stress relief benefits of tourism experiences. Derived from a sample of 563 American workers, the study results show that being able to control what to do, feeling relaxed and detached from work demands, and participating in activities that provide challenging
experiences and learning opportunities during a leisure trip would lead to greater life satisfaction after the trip. It is also found that individuals who perceive travel as more important are more likely to have experiences associated with stress relief during the trip. These findings provide important insights into the link between tourism and well-being.
Onset of Photospheric Impacts and Helioseismic Waves in X9.3 Solar Flare of 2017 September 6
Authors: Sharykin Ivan N. , Kosovichev Alexander G.
Published: August 2018

The X9.3 flare of 2017 September 6, was the most powerful flare of Solar Cycle 24. It generated strong white-light emission and multiple helioseismic waves (sunquakes). By using data from the Helioseismic and Magnetic Imager (HMI) on board the Solar Dynamics Observatory as well as hard X-ray (HXR) data from the KONUS instrument on board the WIND spacecraft, and Anti-Coincidence System on board the INTERGRAL space observatory, we investigate spatio-temporal dynamics of photospheric emission sources, identify sources of helioseismic waves, and compare the flare photospheric dynamics with the HXR temporal profiles. The results show that the photospheric flare impacts started to develop in compact regions in close vicinity of the magnetic polarity inversion line (PIL) in the preimpulsive phase before detection of the HXR emission. The initial photospheric disturbances were localized in the region of strong horizontal magnetic field of the PIL, and, thus, are likely associated with a compact sheared magnetic structure elongated along the PIL. The acoustic egression power maps revealed two primary sources of generation of sunquakes, which were associated with places of the strongest photospheric impacts in the preimpulsive phase and the early impulsive phase. This can explain the two types of helioseismic waves observed in this flare. Analysis of the high-cadence HMI filtergrams suggests that the flare energy release developed in the form of sequential involvement of compact low-lying magnetic loops that were sheared along the PIL.
The Splashback Feature around DES Galaxy Clusters: Galaxy Density and Weak Lensing Profiles
Authors: Chang C. , Baxter E. , Jain B. , Sánchez C. , Adhikari S. , Varga T. N. , Fang Y. , Rozo E. , Rykoff E. S. , Kravtsov A. , Gruen D. , Hartley W. , Huff E. M. , Jarvis M. , Kim A. G. , Prat J. , MacCrann N. , McClintock T. , Palmese A. , Rapetti D. , Rollins R. P. , Samuroff S. , Sheldon E. , Troxel M. A. , Wechsler R. H. , Zhang Y. , Zuntz J. , Abbott T. M. C. , Abdalla F. B. , Allam S. , Annis J. , Bechtol K. , Benoit-Lévy A. , Bernstein G. M. , Brooks D. , Buckley-Geer E. , Rosell A. Carnero , Kind M. Carrasco , Carretero J. , D’Andrea C. B. , Costa L. N. da , Davis C. , Desai S. , Diehl H. T. , Dietrich J. P. , Drlica-Wagner A. , Eifler T. F. , Flaugher B. , Fosalba P. , Frieman J. , García-Bellido J. , Gaztanaga E. , Gerdes D. W. , Gruendl R. A. , Gschwend J. , Gutierrez G. , Honscheid K. , James D. J. , Jeltema T. , Krause E. , Kuehn K. , Lahav O. , Lima M. , March M. , Marshall J. L. , Martini P. , Melchior P. , Menanteau F. , Miquel R. , Mohr J. J. , Nord B. , Ogando R. L. C. , Plazas A. A. , Sanchez E. , Scarpine V. , Schindler R. , Schubnell M. , Sevilla-Noarbe I. , Smith M. , Smith R. C. , Soares-Santos M. , Sobreira F. , Suchyta E. , Swanson M. E. C. , Tarle G. , Weller J. ,   (DES Collaboration)
Published: August 2018

Splashback refers to the process of matter that is accreting onto a dark matter halo reaching its first orbital apocenter and turning around in its orbit. The clustercentric radius at which this process occurs, r
sp, defines a halo boundary that is connected to the dynamics of the cluster. A rapid decline in the halo profile is expected near r
sp. We measure the galaxy number density and weak lensing mass profiles around redMaPPer galaxy clusters in the first-year Dark Energy Survey (DES) data. For a cluster sample with mean M
200m mass ≈2.5 × 1014
M
⊙, we find strong evidence of a splashback-like steepening of the galaxy density profile and measure r
sp = 1.13 ± 0.07 h
−1 Mpc, consistent with the earlier Sloan Digital Sky Survey measurements of More et al. and Baxter et al. Moreover, our weak lensing measurement demonstrates for the first time the existence of a splashback-like steepening of the matter profile of galaxy clusters. We measure r
sp = 1.34 ± 0.21 h
−1 Mpc from the weak lensing data, in good agreement with our galaxy density measurements. For different cluster and galaxy samples, we find that, consistent with ΛCDM simulations, r
sp scales with R
200m and does not evolve with redshift over the redshift range of 0.3–0.6. We also find that potential systematic effects associated with the redMaPPer algorithm may impact the location of r
sp. We discuss the progress needed to understand the systematic uncertainties and fully exploit forthcoming data from DES and future surveys, emphasizing the importance of more realistic mock catalogs and independent cluster samples.
Transport of CO in Protoplanetary Disks: Consequences of Pebble Formation, Settling, and Radial Drift
Authors: Krijt Sebastiaan , Schwarz Kamber R. , Bergin Edwin A. , Ciesla Fred J.
Published: August 2018

Current models of (exo)planet formation often rely on a large influx of so-called “pebbles” from the outer disk into the planet formation region. In this paper, we investigate how the formation/coagulation of pebbles in the cold outer regions of protoplanetary disks and their subsequent migration to the inner disk can alter the gas-phase CO distribution both interior and exterior to the midplane CO snowline. By simulating the resulting CO abundances in the midplane as well as the warm surface layer, we identify observable signatures of large-scale pebble formation and migration that can be used as “smoking guns” for this important process. Specifically, we find that after 1 Myr, the formation and settling of icy pebbles results in the removal of up to 80% of the CO vapor in the warm (

) disk layers outside the CO snowline, while the radial migration of pebbles results in the generation of a plume of CO vapor inside the snowline, increasing the CO abundance by a factor ∼2–6 depending on the strength of the turbulence and the sizes of the individual pebbles. The absence of this plume of CO vapor in young nearby disks could indicate efficient conversion of CO into a more refractory species, or to the radial mass flux of pebbles being drastically reduced by, for example, disk inhomogeneities or early planetesimal formation.
A Truly Global Extreme Ultraviolet Wave from the SOL2017-09-10 X8.2+ Solar Flare-Coronal Mass Ejection
Authors: Liu Wei , Jin Meng , Downs Cooper , Ofman Leon , C. M. Cheung Mark , Nitta Nariaki V.
Published: August 2018

We report Solar Dynamics Observatory/Atmospheric Imaging Assembly (SDO/AIA) observations of an extraordinary global extreme ultraviolet (EUV) wave triggered by the X8.2+ flare-CME eruption on 2017 September 10. This was one of the best EUV waves ever observed with modern instruments, yet it was likely the last one of such magnitudes of Solar Cycle 24 as the Sun heads toward the minimum. Its remarkable characteristics include the following. (1) The wave was observed, for the first time, to traverse the full-Sun corona over the entire visible solar disk and off-limb circumference, manifesting a truly global nature, owing to its exceptionally large amplitude, e.g., with EUV enhancements by up to 300% at 1.1

from the eruption. (2) This leads to strong transmissions (in addition to commonly observed reflections) in and out of both polar coronal holes (CHs), which are usually devoid of EUV waves. It has elevated wave speeds >2000

within the CHs, consistent with the expected higher fast-mode magnetosonic wave speeds. The CHs essentially serve as new “radiation centers” for the waves being refracted out of them, which then travel toward the equator and collide head-on, causing additional EUV enhancements. (3) The wave produces significant compressional heating to local plasma upon its impact, indicated by long-lasting EUV intensity changes and differential emission measure increases at higher temperatures (e.g.,

) accompanied by decreases at lower temperatures (e.g.,

). These characteristics signify the potential of such EUV waves for novel magnetic and thermal diagnostics of the solar corona on global scales.
Dependence of Kinetic Plasma Turbulence on Plasma β
Authors: Parashar Tulasi N. , Matthaeus William H. , Shay Michael A.
Published: August 2018

We study the effects of plasma β (the ratio of plasma pressure to magnetic pressure) on the evolution of kinetic plasma turbulence using fully kinetic particle-in-cell simulations of decaying turbulence. We find that the plasma β systematically affects spectra, measures of intermittency, decay rates of turbulence fluctuations, and partitioning over different channels of energy exchange. More specifically, an increase in plasma β leads to greater total heating, with proton heating preferentially more than electrons. Implications for achieving magnetosheath like temperature ratios are discussed.
Détails phonétiques dans la réalisation des pauses en Français : étude de parole lue en langue maternelle vs en langue étrangère
Authors: Fauth Camille , Trouvain Jürgen
Published: August 2018

Dans ce travail, nous étudierons la réalisation de différents types de pauses (silencieuses, respiratoires et remplies) en fonction de la compétence linguistique en français langue étrangère. 30 locuteurs (10 natifs, 10 débutants, 10 avancés) ont été enregistrés en lecture. Comme attendu, les apprenants produisent plus de pauses et les pauses respiratoires sont les plus fréquentes pour l’ensemble des locuteurs. Étonnamment, les natifs produisent des pauses vides plus longues, probablement parce qu’elles sont principalement respiratoires. Dans nos données, les pauses silencieuses sont rares et sont généralement produites par les apprenants dans les phases disfluentes, alors que les pauses avec respiration audible (et donc non silencieuses) sont fréquentes et généralement réalisées aux frontières syntaxiques.
L’évaluation des difficultés en lecture du français
Authors: Desrochers Alain
Published: August 2018

L’évaluation des apprentissages scolaires est actuellement en mutation. Si la distinction entre l’évaluation sommative et l’évaluation formative introduite par Scriven (1967) demeure utile, les approches et les procédés d’évaluation se sont considérablement diversifiés. Dans cet article, nous accordons une attention particulière à trois formes d’évaluation formative centrées sur les élèves qui sont à risque d’affronter des difficultés dans leurs premiers apprentissages de la lecture : le dépistage précoce, le dépistage continu et l’analyse approfondie des difficultés en lecture. Nous relevons d’abord ce que ces procédés d’évaluation ont en commun. Puis, nous décrivons les caractéristiques distinctives de chaque procédé. Enfin, nous discutons les conséquences de la mise en œuvre de ces procédés d’évaluation sur les décisions en milieu scolaire.
Manulex-MorphO, une base de données sur l’orthographe du français intégrant les morpho-phonogrammes
Authors: Peereman Ronald , Sprenger-Charolles Liliane
Published: August 2018

La consistance des correspondances graphème-phonème (CGPh) et phonème-graphème (CPhG) facilite l’apprentissage de la lecture-écriture dans une écriture alphabétique. Il faut donc avoir des statistiques sur ces relations dans le lexique écrit adressé à l’enfant. Jusqu’à présent, ces analyses statistiques ont été réalisées indépendamment de l’analyse morphologique. Or, la morphologie, surtout flexionnelle, différencie fortement l’écrit de l’oral en français, certaines marques écrites étant silencieuses à l’oral ( dans amis , tu chantes , gris ), d’autres étant homophones sans être homographes ( et dans chantais , chantait ), ce qui a un impact négatif sur l’apprentissage de la lecture-écriture. La contribution de la morphologie à la consistance des CGPh et des CPhG dans le lexique écrit adressé à l’enfant a été examinée dans Manulex-MorphO. Nous présentons cette base de données ainsi que des possibilités d’exploitation pour l’enseignement de la lecture-écriture.
Genres et genre
Authors: Lecarme-Tabone Éliane
Published: August 2018

Suivant Simone de Beauvoir dans Le Deuxième Sexe , mais sans partager ses jugements négatifs, nous partons de l’idée que les autobiographies et les Mémoires écrits par les femmes présentent des caractéristiques spécifiques, reflétant leur condition à un moment donné de l’histoire. Nous situons Beauvoir autobiographe et mémorialiste par rapport à ses devancières afin de cerner les traits qu’elle partage (les questions qu’elle aborde aussi bien que certains aspects de son geste autobiographique ou mémoriel), et la manière dont elle s’en distingue par son autorité ou par les sujets qui lui sont propres. Nous avons ensuite essayé de montrer en quoi elle a pu influencer d’autres récits autobiographiques de femmes.
Effect of probiotic Saccharomyces boulardii in experimental giardiasis
Authors: Ribeiro M.R.S. , Oliveira D.R. , Oliveira F.M.S. , Caliari M.V. , Martins F.S. , Nicoli J.R. , Torres M.F. , Andrade M.E.R. , Cardoso V.N. , Gomes M.A.
Published: August 2018

The aim of the study was to assess the efficacy of Saccharomyces boulardii in experimental treatment of giardiasis and its impact on intestinal integrity and some functions of gerbils infected with Giardia lamblia. 28 gerbils (Meriones unguiculatus), aged 4-6 weeks, were divided into four groups: untreated and uninfected control (CT); infected with G. lamblia (IGL); treated with S. boulardii (SB); and infected with G. lamblia and treated with S. boulardii (ITSB). The SB and ITSB groups received S. boulardii 15 days prior to being infected with G. lamblia. The treatment continued until completion of the experiment (22nd day). The IGL and ITSB groups were gavage-inoculated with G. lamblia ensuring one-week infection. 4 h before euthanasia, all animals were gavaged with a solution containing diethylenetriamine-pentaacetic acid (DTPA) marked with technetium-99mTc DTPA to determine intestinal permeability. The small intestine was removed for histopathological, morphometric analysis and count of trophozoites adhered to the mucosa. The selected probiotic caused an approximate reduction of 70% of parasite load, which was determined by attached trophozoites (P<0.01) and immune-marked trophozoites (P<0.05). Treatment with S. boulardii (SB and ITSB groups) also increased the height of the intestinal villi and crypt depth compared to the CT and IGL groups (P<0.05). The area of mucus production and the number of goblet cells of the SB and ITSB groups were higher compared to the CT and IGL groups (P<0.01). The animals treated with S. boulardii also exhibited a significant increase of intraepithelial lymphocytes counts (P<0.01). There was no difference in the intestinal permeability between the groups studied. The efficacy of S. boulardii in reducing damages caused by Giardia was demonstrated, with an approximate reduction of 70% of the parasite load, suggesting its use as a coadjuvant in giardiasis treatment.
Treatment-Resistant Depression: Identification and Treatment Strategies
Authors: Limandri Barbara J.
Published: August 2018

Treatment-resistant depression
(TRD) refers to depression that fails to remit after at least two to four medication and psychotherapy treatment strategies. TRD carries significant personal burden and risk for suicide and poses substantial burden to society. Less than 30% of individuals diagnosed with major depressive disorder achieve complete remission of symptoms. Using the evidence-based predictors of TRD in the initial assessment of patients, clinicians can arrive at a treatment plan to improve outcomes. The current article includes first-line medications based on symptom presentation as well as augmentation and more aggressive treatment recommendations for patients who continue to experience depressive symptoms beyond 6 months of effective dose and time trials of treatment. [
Journal of Psychosocial Nursing and Mental Health Services, 56
(9), 11–15.]
The Tunnel Sign Revisited: A Novel Observation of Cerebral Melioidosis Mimicking Sparganosis
Authors: Peh Wee Ming , Goh Giap Hean , Yong Hsiang Rong Clement
Published: August 2018

The tunnel sign has been described as a specific feature of cerebral sparganosis. We present a case of a 55-year-old gentleman found to have cerebral melioidosis and with initial imaging mimicking the appearance of sparganosis. This suggests that the tunnel sign in brain abscesses may be specific for infection by Burkholderia Pseudomallei, Spirometra Mansoni or Listeria Monocytogenes.
Coins de Rome… et de Byzance : la référence à l’antique chez Jean Lorrain
Authors: David-de Palacio Marie-France
Published: August 2018

L’antiquité est très présente dans l’œuvre de Jean Lorrain, mais c’est une antiquité choisie : latine, décadente, et... fantaisiste. Lorrain reprend les stéréotypes fin-de-siècle (prédilection pour Messaline, les statuettes de Tanagra, Pompéi et Héliogabale), mais au-delà de cette mosaïque de références antiques, son imaginaire se fixe sur les cités de Rome et de Byzance, capitales de sa géographie personnelle. En définitive, ces Coins de Byzance ne sont plus à Nice, mais dans un univers où l’antique, le moderne et le merveilleux s’harmonisent : celui du conte de fées.
« Les beautés choquantes » : Corneille dans la critique dramatique de Gautier
Authors: Court-Perez Françoise
Published: August 2018

Les feuilletons dramatiques de Gautier, critique important de son temps, s’intéressent à Corneille, aussi bien en raison de l’actualité des reprises que dans la réflexion sur le théâtre. Référence obligée, situé dans un XVIIe siècle un peu revu par un romantique, et sujet d’analyses qui soulignent ses qualités d’écriture, Corneille est souvent cité comme le représentant d’un classicisme illustre. Le romantique flamboyant qu’est Gautier le dissocie pourtant souvent de Racine, ce parangon d’un classicisme détesté, et l’auteur du Cid pourrait même être un précurseur des romantiques, de Hugo en particulier, par la puissance de son vers. La référence à Corneille permet encore l’éreintement des modernes médiocres, faiseurs de pièces à succès, et sert les fondements de l’esthétique de Gautier qui s’élève contre le « bon goût » français. Comme Shakespeare et Lope de Vega, Corneille appartient à la courte série des auteurs de génie qui ont eu des « beautés choquantes ». En définitive, même si une certaine ambivalence se fait jour, il apparaît pour Gautier comme un modèle à mettre au panthéon romantique.
Le « Corneille du Boulevard » : des mélodrames cornéliens de Pixerécourt
Authors: Bara Olivier
Published: August 2018

Le créateur du genre mélodramatique René-Charles Guilbert de Pixerécourt a été surnommé le « Corneille du Boulevard ». Ce surnom, fondé sur la figure rhétorique de l’antonomase, est a priori anecdotique. Il relève de la moquerie frondeuse, l’ironie visant un genre populaire et commercial, un théâtre plus spectaculaire que littéraire, rejeté par sa bâtardise hors de la poétique classique. Pourtant, le surnom a été pris au sérieux par Pixerécourt lui-même comme par une partie de la critique, du Consulat à la Restauration. Le mélodrame s’est ainsi cherché une noble ascendance, découverte dans la tragicomédie de Corneille, avant Le Cid. Cette récupération du nom de Corneille révèle comment s’écrit l’histoire littéraire quand elle se fait instance de légitimation ou d’exclusion.
Sublimes cornéliens : une obscurité de la critique romantique
Authors: Guyot Sylvaine
Published: August 2018

La révolution esthétique du romantisme s’est avant tout construite sur la « cassure » de la sublimité classique. Cependant, l’éloge du « sublime » Corneille se retrouve chez les critiques des plus « classiques » aux plus « romantiques », et s’avère dès lors un caractère paradoxalement non discriminant entre les partis du « schisme littéraire ». Les discours sur Corneille présentent en fait une multiplicité de définitions rhétoriques du sublime dramatique, qui peut renvoyer aussi bien à la clarté du style qu’à l’aspérité du discours, aux caractères vertueux qu’aux personnages monstrueux. Le sublime est donc une catégorie non critique. Il se définit alors unanimement par sa capacité d’entraînement, qui se manifeste spécifiquement au théâtre. Les commentaires soulignent pourtant systématiquement le défaut de sensibilité sur lequel achoppe le sublime cornélien. Témoin de l’incarnation problématique de l’absolu, cette imperfection est, pour les romantiques, la condition même du sublime, compris comme esthétique du contraste. Finalement, c’est surtout l’événement-Corneille et sa place dans l’histoire littéraire que la critique glorifie : la force initiatrice de ce génie créateur victime de l’Académie repose autant sur sa subversion des règles classiques que sur sa conception de l’admiration, dont le romantisme a fait une manifestation du sublime criminel.
Adultes des CFA et lycées face aux garçons et filles atypiques : points de vue comparés
Authors: Lemarchant Clotilde
Published: August 2018

De précédents travaux ont mis en évidence des trajectoires et modalités d’intégration différentes entre jeunes filles et garçons minoritaires dans les formations techniques courtes. Cette contribution s’écarte du point de vue de ces jeunes pour se centrer cette fois sur celui des adultes les encadrant le temps de la formation. Que pensent les enseignante-s, responsables d’établissements (lycées ou CFA), infirmières, COP, CPE… des filles en formation de mécanique et des garçons en formation de secrétariat ? Qu’en pensent, pour leur part, les employeurs, susceptibles de bénéficier de bonifications, c’est-à-dire de primes à l’embauche de jeunes atypiques en terme de genre ? Cette présentation des points de vue comparés se fera sur la base d’enquêtes qualitatives menées en Basse et Haute-Normandie – 20 entretiens d’employeurs et 90 entretiens auprès d’adultes de lycées publics et CFA.
Enseignants-chercheurs et enseignantes-chercheuses face aux transformations du métier : vers une analyse des parcours et des activités
Authors: Annoot Emmanuelle
Published: August 2018

Le processus de Bologne, la massification de l’enseignement supérieur et la récente loi sur l’autonomie des universités introduisent des changements dans les activités des enseignants-chercheurs, en particulier dans le domaine pédagogique. Traditionnellement, ces acteurs doivent arbitrer leur temps de travail entre trois types d’activités : l’enseignement, la recherche, l’administration. Après avoir décrit les changements institutionnels en cours et défini la place des enseignantes chercheuses dans le paysage de l’enseignement supérieur, cette contribution s’interroge sur la manière dont les enseignants-chercheurs et les enseignantes-chercheuses organisent leurs parcours professionnels au regard de l’ensemble des activités dans lesquelles ils sont impliqués et sur l’impact du genre dans le choix de leurs activités.
Le Dialogue de Placide et Sévère de Madeleine et Catherine des Roches : l’Antiquité grecque à l’appui de l’émancipation spirituelle des femmes au XVIe siècle
Authors: Papapetrou-Miller Maria
Published: August 2018

En 1578, les dames Des Roches publient le Dialogue de Placide et Sévère dans leurs Œuvres. Deux interlocuteurs, représentant chacun des tendances diamétralement opposées au sujet du rôle de la femme et plus spécialement de son droit ou non d’accéder à l’éducation livresque, se livrent à une discussion dynamique. Sans inciter les femmes à abandonner leurs devoirs ménagers, Madeleine et Catherine des Roches choisirent la puissance du « logos » pour persuader les gens les plus tenaces de l’immense bénéfice qu’apporterait aux deux sexes la fréquentation des livres par les membres du sexe féminin. L’humanisme mettait à leur disposition un éventail de traités sur l’économie/οικονομία ou bien manière d’administrer la vie familiale, fournis par l’Antiquité grecque : Les Travaux et Les Jours d’Hésiode, La République de Platon, L’Économie de Xénophon, Les Œuvres Morales de Plutarque. Fortement influencées par leurs inspirateurs antiques, en faisant – pour la première fois – l’apologie du savoir livresque, les deux érudites les surpassent.
Les romans de mariage au XIXe siècle
Authors: Chaffin Laurence
Published: August 2018

Le mariage se présente comme un motif central de la littérature destinée aux jeunes filles bourgeoises du XIXe siècle. On observe dans les faits qu’il est, de toute évidence, un projet en germe dès qu’une fillette vient à naître et qu’il constitue un axe éducatif essentiel.Les romans de mariage fleurissent dans ce contexte et avec l’essor de la littérature de jeunesse, offrent aux jeunes lectrices de multiples modèles auxquels s’identifier ou à disqualifier. Sans se présenter comme de véritables « traités », ils permettent à la jeune fille d’envisager cette nouvelle identité sous des aspects variés et surtout de façonner définitivement son esprit selon l’idée qu’une bonne épouse est avant tout une bonne mère et ne peut s’accommoder d’une vie ouverte sur le monde.Il s’agit bien, encore une fois, de présenter l’espace de l’intime comme seul horizon d’attente possible et de faire la démonstration qu’une seule perspective est possible pour une jeune fille de raison, celle de la voie royale du mariage « raisonnable ».
L’hygiénisme au XVIIIe siècle et l’éducation des jeunes filles
Authors: Jiménez-Salcedo Juan
Published: August 2018

L’auteur analyse comment l’hygiénisme créé, à la fin du XVIIIe siècle, un discours pseudo-scientifique qui s’inscrit dans l’apparition du corps féminin comme entité anatomique autonome par rapport à l’homme. L’énorme production de traités sur les maladies des femmes témoigne du contrôle de la médecine de l’époque sur le corps de la femme, préfiguration de l’entreprise d’appropriation biologique accomplie au XIXe siècle. L’étude de différents traités de médecine hygiéniste fournit un échantillonnage des représentations que la science de l’époque se faisait de la femme en tant que corps.
Éducation et vocation de la femme au Siècle des lumières
Authors: Sieuzac Laurence
Published: August 2018

L’éducation des filles souscrit en amont à une représentation des rôles assignés à la femme, fonctions qui découlent de sa vocation biologique de procréation. Or ces fonctions circonscrites dans la sphère du dedans ne sont souvent pas des vocations. En aval, l’éducation des filles est tout autant clôturée par une propédeutique axée sur ces mêmes représentations féminines. L’être féminin, ses dimensions spirituelle et intellectuelle sont déniés. Certes, l’éducation des filles connaît au siècle des Lumières une volonté de réforme pédagogique. Surtout, l’esprit de dissidence vient aux filles dans un climat révolutionnaire. Les femmes réclament une instruction qui ne limite plus leur vocation mais la stimule. Mais ces espoirs d’émancipation féminine sont suspendus et le cercle épistémologique, liant éducation et vocation, et étranglant la destinée féminine, se perpétue en un nœud gordien.
Intérieur nuit
Authors: Labour Denis
Published: August 2018

Étrange roman que Les Âmes fortes ! Au cours d'une veillée funèbre, deux vieilles femmes se remémorent la jeunesse de l'une d'elles, Thérèse. Les deux récits alternent, donnant de cette histoire d'amour et de mort des versions différentes, voire incompatibles. Le lecteur ne connaîtra pas la vérité de Thérèse. En 1950, peu avant l'apparition fracassante du Nouveau Roman, Giono se laisse ainsi porter par l'aventure de l'écriture pour inventer une technique narrative révolutionnaire.

Roman nocturne, Les Âmes fortes explore donc la face obscure du « cœur humain », assoiffé de sang et de puissance. Roman de l'intériorité, Les Âmes fortes met à nu les passions qui animent les êtres au-delà de toute raison psychologique.

Ce livre, Intérieur nuit, entend guider le lecteur jusqu'au bout de ce roman du monstrueux et des métamorphoses. D'abord par une mise en contexte qui situe avec précision Les Âmes fortes dans l'histoire du roman et dans le parcours de Giono. Ensuite en proposant une étude systématique de l'œuvre, attentive à la lettre du texte, qui s'appuie sur les acquis scientifiques les plus récents de la critique gionienne. Enfin en montrant comment l'imagination de l'auteur ne joue avec la réalité sociale, historique et géographique que pour mieux célébrer ses propres pouvoirs.
Les Embellissements du Havre au xviiie siècle
Authors: Lemonnier-Mercier Aline
Published: August 2018

Ce volume est la première étude d'ensemble sur les grands travaux d'embellissement de la ville et du port du Havre entrepris au xviiie siècle par les ingénieurs des ponts et chaussées. C'est leur grande œuvre de la fin de l'Ancien Régime, initiée par Louis XV, décidée par Louis XVI, poursuivie pendant la période révolutionnaire et, enfin, terminée dans les années 1830.

Grâce à l'étude et à l'exploitation d'une grande quantité de documents, dont beaucoup d'images, qui sont reproduites dans le volume et en font un livre d'art exceptionnel, l'auteure retrace la longue histoire de l'agrandissement des bassins du port, de la création d'une ville nouvelle et de la construction de bâtiments officiels architecturalement novateurs. Elle s'intéresse aussi aux transformations importantes relevant de la salubrité, de la commodité et de la sécurité de la ville, en particulier au parcours des eaux, à la création de marchés, au déplacement des cimetières, à l'éclairage et à l'édification de prisons.

Tous les acteurs sont évoqués : la municipalité et ses architectes, les responsables régionaux et nationaux, sans oublier les ingénieurs, dont la compétence et l'énergie ont contribué à transformer Le Havre, ville fortifiée, en une cité moderne.