bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Interactions of Fibrillar Proteins with Lipids: A Molecular Docking Insight
Authors: Trusova Valeriya , Tarabara Uliana , Zhytniakivska Olga , Vus Kateryna , Gorbenko Galyna
Published: October 2023

The aggregation of misfolded proteins into specific ordered aggregates, amyloid fibrils, associated with more than forty human diseases, currently attracts great research attention in biomedical and nanotechnological aspects. These aggregates and their oligomeric intermediates are thought to exert their toxic action predominantly at the level of cell membranes. In addition, membrane lipids were found in many amyloid deposits in vivo suggesting that lipid molecules are able to incorporate into fibril structure affecting their morphology and mechanical properties. However, the biological implications and structural prerequisites of fibril-lipid interactions still remain unclear. In the present study the molecular docking techniques was employed to explore the interactions between the amyloid fibrils and lipids in the model systems containing the fibrillar forms of lysozyme, insulin, Aβ (1-42) peptide and N-terminal (1-83) fragment of apolipoprotein A-I, as a protein component and cholesterol, cardiolipin or phosphatidylcholine as a lipid component. Using the PatchDock web server and BIOVIA Discovery Studio software, the structural peculiarities of fibril-lipid associates were uncovered. The van der Waals and alkyl/π-alkyl interactions were found to prevail in stabilization of all types of fibril-lipid complexes. The analysis of most energetically favorable docking positions revealed a preferable surface location of lipids and partial penetration of acyl chains of cardiolipin and phosphatidylcholine into fibril grooves.
Shell Model Investigation of Some p and sd-Shell Nuclei with Harmonic Oscillator and Skyrme Interactions
Authors: M. Obaid Sarah , Abbas Shaimaa A. , Hussein Aeshah Ali , Mohammed Noor Adil , Majeed Fouad A.
Published: October 2023

In this study, the longitudinal charge and form factors for the nuclei 9Be and 28Si lying in the p and sd shells are studied by employing the Harmonic Oscillator potential (HO) and Skyrme effective interaction (Sk35−Skzs∗). The C0 and C2 from factors calculated for the ground state 3/2-, the 5/2- (2.429 MeV) and 7/2- (6.380 MeV) for 9Be, while the ground state 0+ and 2+ (1.779 MeV) state for 28Si nucleus. Calculations of microscopic perturbations that involve intermediate one-particle, one-hole excitation from the core and MS orbits into all upper orbits with excitations are utilized to generate the effective charges necessary to account for the “core polarization effect”. The shell model calculations are utilized on the extended model space to include all 1s, 1p, 2s–1d, 2p‑1f orbits with  truncation. Bohr-Mottelson collective model and Tassie model with properly estimated effective neutron and proton charges are taken into account to consider the effect of the core contribution. The estimated form factors were compared with the measured available data and they were in good agreement for most of the studied states. A conclusion can be drawn that  truncation is very good choice to study the longitudinal form factors.

The choice of Harmonic Oscillator potential (HO) and Skyrme effective interaction (Sk35−Skzs∗) is adequate for form estimation of longitudinal form factors.

The estimation of the effective charges based on microscopic perturbations that involve intermediate one-particle, one-hole excitation from the core and MS orbits into all upper orbits with excitations is adequate.

The truncation proves to be very successful to perform the study.
Modeling the Distribution of Radionuclides in the Air and on the Soil Surface
Authors: Коzhevnikova Maryna F. , Levenets Volodymyr V.
Published: October 2023

Mathematical and numerical methods are used to simulate physical and chemical processes when building models of pollutants dispersion in the air and on the soil surface. Based on meteorological data and information on the source of emissions, these models characterize both the primary pollutants entering the atmosphere directly and the secondary ones formed as the result of complex chemical reactions. These models are important for the air quality management system, as they allow monitoring emissions into the atmosphere, predicting their distribution, as well as developing effective strategies intended for reducing harmful substances in the atmosphere. The article presents an overview of computational methods used to simulate the pollutants dispersion in atmospheric air and on the soil surface, such as the Gaussian torch model, the Lagrangian dispersion stochastic model, and the Eulerian model of atmospheric diffusion. The practical application of the considered models showed sufficient reliability and validity of the air and soil pollution levels forecast. The simulation uses computer programs that include algorithms for solving the mathematical equations that control pollutant dispersion. The dispersion models are used to estimate the concentration of air pollutants or toxins. They can also be used to predict future concentrations under certain scenarios. They are useful for studying the pollutants that disperse over long distances and can initiate reactions in the atmosphere. Such software products are as follows: AEROPOL, AERMOD, GRAL, TAPM CSIRO, CALPUFF, HYSPLIT, etc. A method of processing information about the pollution sources and the environmental parameters, based on the HYSPLIT program, is proposed to form maps of the volume and surface activity of radionuclides. This method was applied to analyze the process of the plutonium isotopes dispersion as a result of the movement of air masses in the places of fires in April 2020 in the exclusion zone of the Chornobyl NPP, as well as the associated hazard for the population health and the environment.
X-Ray Structural Investigations Of n-Si Irradiated with Protons
Authors: Utamuradova Sharifa B. , Stanchik Aliona V. , Rakhmanov Dilmurod
Published: October 2023

In this work, the effect of proton irradiation on the change in the structure of silicon samples doped with platinum was studied. The samples were irradiated with protons at a dose of 9×1014 cm-2 with an energy of 600 keV and a current of 1÷1.5 μA. To determine the change in the structure after irradiation, the methods of X-ray diffraction and atomic force microscopy were used. The obtained results indicate that doping with platinum does not lead to a modification of the cubic crystal structure of silicon, but only to minor changes in the structural characteristics and surface morphology. In this case, proton irradiation of a silicon single crystal with a dose of 9.0×1014 cm–2 with an energy of 600 keV leads to the formation of defects without the formation of an amorphous near-surface layer.
Synthesis and Characterization of (PVA-CoO-ZrO2) Nanostructures for Nanooptoelectronic Fields
Authors: Jaber Zainab Sabry , Habeeb Majeed Ali , Radi Waleed Hadi
Published: October 2023

Nanocomposites have a wide range of applications, including optical integrated circuits, sensors, coatings, and medical devices. As a result, the purpose of this paper is to prepare a new type of nanocomposites made of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) with different concentrations (0, 1, 2 and 3) wt% of cobalt oxide and zirconium dioxide (CoO-ZrO2) nanoparticles by using casting method. Microscopic photographs demonstrate the fact that the additive distribution amount of NPs in the polymer was uniform, and (CoO-ZrO2) NPs formed a continuous  network within the polymer when the concentration reached 3wt.%. The outcomes of optical properties indicate that the absorbance of nanocomposites improves as the concentrations of cobalt oxide and zirconium dioxide nanoparticles increase while  transmittance and the optical energy gap decrease. On the other hand, optical constants of nanocomposites (refractive index, absorption coefficient, extinction coefficient, real and imaginary the dielectric constants) and optical conductivity are increase with increases in the weight percentages of (CoO-ZrO2)  nanoparticles. These outcomes demonstrate the (PVA-CoO -ZrO2) NCs  use for various optical devices.
Thermoelectric Properties Investigation of Ni/Co Doped ZrCoBi Half-Heusler Alloy
Authors: Al-Elaimi Mahmoud
Published: October 2023

Half-Heusler (HH) thermoelectric (TE) composites have been extensively inspected due to their excellent TE properties in the medium- to high-temperature range. First-principle calculations make it easier to discover or improve more HH compounds. This article presents an ab initio theoretical evaluation of TE properties of Half-Heusler  alloy, when doped with Nickel (Ni), using FP-LAPW and the semi classic Boltzmann theory. Thermoelectric parameters were calculated using BoltzTraP code, like Seebeck coefficient ( ), electrical conductivity to relaxation time ratio ( ), electronic thermal conductivity to relaxation time ratio ( ), thermoelectric power factor to relaxation time ratio ( ), and the dimensionless figure-of-merit ( ) in a temperature range of . Calculated Seebeck coefficient reveals that the studied alloys show a tendency to conduct as p-type with balanced TE performance between both charge carriers (holes and electrons). A high electronic thermal conductivity value is found, which predicts a potential use in heat sink applications for the investigated alloys. Obtained results, such as a high thermoelectric power factor and , postulate that  alloys could have potential thermoelectric applications.
The CZTS Thin Films Grown by Sulfurization of Electrodeposited Metallic Precursors: The Effect of Increasing Tin Content of the Metallic Precursors on the Structure, Morphology and Optical Properties of the Thin Films
Authors: Botchway E.A. , Ampong Francis Kofi , Nkrumah Isaac , Puzer D.B. , Nkum Robert Kwame , Boakye Francis
Published: October 2023

A study has been carried out to investigate the influence of the amount of Sn in the precursor solution, on some physical properties of CZTS films grown by sulfurization of electrodeposited metallic precursors. The growth of the CZTS samples was achieved by sequential electrodepositon of constituent metallic layers on ITO glass substrates using a 3-electrode electrochemical cell with graphite as a counter electrode and Ag/AgCl as the reference electrode. The Sn-content in the metallic precursor was varied by varying the deposition time of Sn. The stacked elemental layer was then soft annealed in Argon at 350 °C, and subsequently sulfurized at 550° C to grow the CZTS thin films. The structure, morphology and optical properties were investigated. X-ray diffraction studies revealed that, irrespective of the Sn content all the films were polycrystalline and exhibited the Kesterite CZTS structure with preferred orientation along the (112) plane. However, there was an increase in the amount of peaks indexed to the undesirable secondary phases, as the Sn content in metallic precursor was increased. Optical absorption measurements revealed the existence of a direct transition with band gap values decreasing from 1.74 eV to 1.25 eV with increasing amounts of Sn. The lower value for the band gap was attributed to the presence of secondary phases formed in addition to the CZTS film. Morphology of the sulfurized films showed a compact and rocky texture with good coverage across the entire substrate. However, CZTS films with a higher Sn content appeared to have a molten metallic surface with deep cracks which could have adverse effects on the electrical properties of the film. EDAX analysis showed all the films were consistent with the formation of CZTS. It is evident from all the characterization techniques that increasing the Sn content of the stacked metallic precursors beyond stoichiometric amounts had an adverse effect on the structural and optical properties of CZTS films grown by this technique.
Oscillatory Porous Medium Ferroconvection in a Viscoelastic Magnetic Fluid with Non-Classical Heat Conduction
Authors: Ahmed Naseer , Maruthamanikandan S. , Nagasmitha B.R.
Published: October 2023

The classical stability analysis is used to examine the combined effect of viscoelasticity and the second sound on the onset of porous medium ferroconvection. The fluid and solid matrix are assumed to be in local thermal equilibrium. Considering the boundary conditions appropriate for an analytical approach, the critical values pertaining to both stationary and oscillatory instabilities are obtained by means of the normal mode analysis. It is observed that the oscillatory mode of instability is preferred to the stationary mode of instability. It is shown that the oscillatory porous medium ferroconvection is advanced through the magnetic forces, nonlinearity in magnetization, stress relaxation due to viscoelasticity, and the second sound. On the other hand, it is observed that the presence of strain retardation and porous medium delays the onset of oscillatory porous medium ferroconvection. The dual nature of the Prandtl number on the Rayleigh number with respect to the Cattaneo number is also delineated. The effect of various parameters on the size of the convection cell and the frequency of oscillations is also discussed. This problem may have possible implications for technological applications wherein viscoelastic magnetic fluids are involved.
Enhancement in Some Physical Properties of (PVP: CMC) Blend by the addition of MgO
Authors: Albanda Widad H. , Fakralden D.J. , Hassan N.A.
Published: October 2023

This research study explores the effects of adding MgO nanoparticles to a polymeric blend composed of 50% PVP and 50% CMC. The blend was prepared using MgO nanoparticles (0.2%, 4%, and 6%) and varying processing conditions. The structural, optical, and electrical properties of the resulting blend were analyzed to determine the impact of the added nanoparticles on the blend's properties. Results showed that the addition of nanoparticles significantly improved the structural, optical, and electrical properties of the polymeric blend. Specifically, the energy gap is 4.224 eV for (PVA: CMC) film and increased to 3.432 eV for (PVA: CMC-6% MgO), the light transmission and reflection properties were enhanced. Additionally, the conductivity of the blend was increased, making it suitable for various applications, including optoelectronics, sensors, and biomedical devices. Overall, this study demonstrates the potential of adding nanoparticles to polymeric blends to improve their properties and highlights the importance of optimizing processing conditions to achieve the desired properties for specific applications.
Hole-Hole Collective Excitations in 106, 112, 130Sn Isotopes
Authors: Saber Fahima A. , Taqi Ali H.
Published: October 2023

In this paper, energy-level schemes of neutron rich and reduced electric transition strengths of Tin isotopes 106Sn, 112Sn and 130Sn were studied using collective models, i.e., hole-hole Tamm-Dancoff Approximation (hh TDA) and hole-hole Random Phase Approximation (hh RPA). According to these models, the excited states of closed core A-2 systems with multipolarity J and isospin T can be described as a linear combination of hole-hole (hh) pairs. Therefore, in our approach, the low-lying states of the investigated isotopes 106Sn, 112Sn and 130Sn are obtained by acting two-hole operators on a correlated core 108Sn, 114Sn and 132Sn, respectively. The Hamiltonian is diagonalized within the model space include {1g7/2, 2d5/2, 2d3/2, 3s1/2 and 1h11/2} orbits, using the matrix elements of neutron-neutron (N-N) interaction and modified surface delta interaction (MSDI). The hh TDA and hh RPA are checked by using the resultant eigenvalues and eigenvectors to calculate the excitation energies and reduced electric transition strengths. A comparison had been made between our theoretical predictions and the recent available experimental data. Reasonable agreements were obtained from these comparisons.
Energy Conditions and Statefinder Diagnostic of Cosmological Model with Special Law of Hubble Parameter in f(R, T) Gravity
Authors: Patil V.R. , Bolke P.A. , Waghmare S.K. , Pawde J.L.
Published: October 2023

In this article, we examine the LRS Bianchi type-I cosmological model in the framework of f(R, T) gravity, where R is the Ricci scalar and T is the stress energy momentum tensor in the presence of Domain wall. we used the special law of variation of Hubble’s parameter proposed by Berman (1983) to obtained the exact solution of field equation, corresponds to the model of the universe. The Energy conditions and physical behaviour of the universe has been obtained and their evolution has been discussed using some physical parameter and by means of their graphs. Also, we can use the Statefinder parameter for testing the validity of the model.
A Study of Evolution of Cosmological Parameters Based on Dark Energy Models in Kaluza-Klein Framework
Authors: Roy Sudipto , Das Asmita , Dey Anwesha , Biswas Debolina , Roy Sudipto Saha
Published: October 2023

The purpose of the present study is to determine the characteristics of time evolution of various cosmological quantities, based on four models constructed for a universe undergoing accelerated expansion. This formulation is done in the framework of Kaluza-Klein space-time, for zero spatial curvature. To solve the field equations, an ansatz is chosen for each model in such a way that it leads to a signature flip of the deceleration parameter, to ensure its consistency with recent astrophysical observations indicating a change from a decelerated expansion to an accelerated expansion of the universe. Based on these four models, time evolutions of several cosmological parameters are obtained and their variations are shown graphically against time. The arbitrary constants, associated with each model, are so tuned that the model correctly predicts the values of the Hubble parameter, deceleration parameter, energy density and gravitational constant at the present time. The findings from these models are consistent with each other, and they are in agreement with the observed features. The gravitational constant (G) shows a rapid fall in the early universe, followed by an extremely slow rise which continues at the present time. Taking (G) as a constant in two of the four models, the cosmological constant is found to be independent of time. A significant finding is that the signature flip of the deceleration parameter almost coincides with the signature flip of the cosmological constant (Λ), pointing towards a relation between the accelerated expansion and the dark energy which is represented by Λ. Other plots with respect to Λ also depict dark energy’s role in governing cosmic evolution. Considering its dynamical nature, Λ is referred to as cosmological term (instead of cosmological constant) in the text. Contrary to the common trend of using arbitrary units, the SI units for all measurable quantities are used.
Renyi Holographic Dark Energy Model in f(R) Gravity with Hubble's IR Cut-Off
Authors: Wankhade Kishor S. , Shaikh Alfred , Khan Siraj N.
Published: October 2023

In the present study, a homogeneous and anisotropic LRS Bianchi type-I universe model is considered with an interacting dark matter and Renyi holographic dark energy model (RHDE) in f(R) gravity. The deceleration parameter (DP) shows a signature flipping for a universe which was decelerating in past and accelerating at present epoch. Therefore, the DP is a most physically justified parameter to analyze the solution of cosmological model. In order to find an exact solution of the field equations of the model, the shear scalar is considered to be proportional to the expansion scalar. We have considered f(R) = b Rn, the depiction model of f(R) which is the function of Ricci scalar R. The physical and geometrical characteristics of the universe model have been studied.
A Study of Evolution of Cosmological Parameters Based on a Dark Energy Model in the Framework of Brans-Dicke Gravity
Authors: Roy Sudipto , Kayal Rivu , Ali Simran , Bandyopadhyay Srinjoyee , Bhattacharya Debamita
Published: October 2023

The objective of the present study is to find the characteristics of evolution of a homogeneous and isotropic universe in the framework of Brans-Dicke (BD) theory of gravity. FLRW space-time, with zero spatial curvature, has been used to obtain BD field equations. Scale factor and Hubble parameter have been obtained from an ansatz for the deceleration parameter, assumed on the basis of its property of signature flip indicating a change of phase from deceleration to acceleration. Validation of the model has been achieved by a suitable parametrization of that ansatz. Expressions for energy density, pressure, equation of state (EoS) parameter, cosmological constant, gravitational constant have been derived and depicted graphically. The gravitational constant is found to decrease with time at a gradually decreasing rate. The Hubble parameter, deceleration parameter and energy density decrease with time, which is in agreement with many other studies. The value of the EoS parameter at the present epoch is negative, and it becomes more negative with time. The cosmological constant increases very rapidly in the early universe from negative to smaller negative values, becoming positive finally, with a much slower change thereafter. A cosmographic and a geometrical analysis have been carried out. It is observed that a gradual transition takes place from a regime of quintessence to phantom dark energy. An important finding of this study is that the signature flip of the deceleration parameter takes place almost simultaneously with the signature flip of the cosmological constant, implying a connection between accelerated expansion and dark energy, which is represented here by the cosmological constant. Unlike the common practice of using arbitrary units, proper SI units for all measurable quantities have been used. This theoretical investigation provides the reader with a simple method to formulate models in the framework of BD theory.
Bound State and Ro-Vibrational Energies Eigenvalues of Selected Diatomic Molecules with a Class of Inversely Quadratic Yukawa Plus Hulthén Potential Model
Authors: Faithpraise Fina O. , Inyang Etido P.
Published: October 2023

The Nikiforov-Uvarov approach is used in this study to solve the Schrödinger equation utilizing a class of inversely quadratic Yukawa plus Hulthén potential model with an approximation to the centrifugal term. The normalized wave function and energy eigenvalue equation were obtained. The numerical bound state for a few diatomic molecules (N2, O2, NO, and CO) for various rotational and vibrational quantum numbers was calculated using the energy equation and the related spectroscopic data. Our results show that, with no divergence between the s-wave and l-wave, the energy eigenvalues are very sensitive to the potential and diatomic molecule properties, suggesting that the approximation approach is appropriate for this set of potentials. The results are consistent with earlier studies in the literature, and we also found four special cases of this potential.
Effect of ZnS and CdS on Some Physical Properties of MgO Films
Authors: Hassan N.A. , Albanda W.H. , Al-Timimi M.H.
Published: October 2023

This article reports on the fabrication and characterization of MgO nanostructured films and the effect of ZnS and CdS on their structural, optical, and electrical properties. The MgO, MgO: ZnS, and MgO: CdS thin films were deposited using a Chemical spray pyrolysis technique onto glass substrates at 673 K. The XRD patterns revealed that the MgO thin films had a preferred (111) orientation with a pure cubic crystalline structure, while the ZnS and CdS layers had a hexagonal structure. The FE-SEM images showed that the MgO films had a nanostructured morphology with an average particle size of ~50 nm. The UV-Vis spectroscopy results showed that the addition of ZnS and CdS layers to the MgO films resulted in a shift in the absorption edge towards the visible region of the electromagnetic spectrum, indicating an improvement in their optical properties. These findings suggest that the MgOZnS and MgOCdS films could have potential applications in optoelectronic devices.
Optical and Magnetic Response of Pure and CU-Ions Substituted Dysprosium Oxide Thin Films for Various Applications
Authors: Qureshi Muhammad Tauseef
Published: October 2023

Dysprosium oxide (Dy2O3) and Cu/Dy2O3 thin films of thickness 117.14 nm and 258.30 nm, respectively were successfully deposited via a well-known DC-magnetron sputtering technique. Field emission scanning electron microscopy clarifies the growth of uniform and fine granular particles on silicon substrate. The hexagonal closed pack structure for both the thin films has been observed by the x-ray diffraction analysis and it was observed that by inclusion of copper the HCP structure of thin film was retain with a slight shift in the main peak. The reduction from 3.9 eV to 3.8 eV in the energy band gap value was observed by incorporation of copper ions Dy2O3 thin films. The M-H loops obtained through Vibrating Sample Magnetometer (VSM) shows that Dy2O3 thin film behave ferromagnetically at low temperature with a saturation magnetization value of 2860 emu/cc and evolves through its phase transition temperatures and behave paramagnetically at room temperature. In Cu/Dy2O3 case, the diamagnetic response of Cu dominates and produces reverse hysteresis loop at both temperatures make it a suitable candidate for energy and memory storage devices applications.
Structural and Optical Prperties of (ZnO/NiO) Thin Films Mixture
Authors: Amiar Ali , Belahssen Okba , Ghougali Mebrouk , Mimouni Mourad , Rihia Ghani , Mahboub Mohammed Sadok , Benkrima Yamina
Published: October 2023

In this study, we prepared mixtures of nickel oxide (NiO) and zinc (ZnO) in different proportions as thin films on high-purity glass substrates, using pyrolysis spray technique. Where samples of mixtures were precipitated from two solutions of nickel nitrate (Ni(NO3)2 ·6H2O) and zinc acetate (C4 H6O4 Zn·2H2O) mixed in different proportions. Then the optical and structural properties of the prepared samples were studied. The transmittance decreases with the increase in the percentage of nickel oxide, which means that increasing the zinc oxide improves the transmittance in all the studied spectral fields. Samples with higher zinc oxide (ZnO) have two energy gaps. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) showed that the surface morphology of the films has a relatively homogeneous composition. Where it was observed that increasing the proportion of zinc oxide leads to the appearance of zinc oxide granules clearly.
Effects of Quantum Confinement Energy on the Transmittance of Cadmium Telluride (CdTe) Within the Near Infrared Region (700-2500nm)
Authors: Asal Ali Hussein Hammad , Al-Rashid Saeed Naif Turki
Published: October 2023

This study investigates how the energy of quantum confinement affects the transmittance of cadmium telluride, because of the importance of this substance, as it crystallizes in the form of cubes as thin films that are used in solar cells and liquid crystal imaging devices, as well as in infrared optics [1]. The MATLAB computer program version (2012a) was used, which is based on the characteristic matrix theory and Brus model, in addition to the quantum confinement energy equation. We found that the transmittance value of the nano CdTe thin film at normal incidence reaches 96.4% at a quantum confinement energy Eco = 2.7eV and at a particle size PS =2.6nm, while the value reaches 73.6% at a quantum confinement energy Eco = 0.01eV and at a particle size of PS=50nm.
Study the Effect of Hydrofluoric (HF) Concentration on the Topography of the Porous Silicon Layer Prepared by Sunlight Photochemical Etching (SLPCE)
Authors: Abdulrahman Rosure Borhanalden , Kadhem Hassan A. , Sh. Mohammed Abdul Hakim , Z. Hassan Issa
Published: October 2023

Silicon nanocrystals have a vast range of potential applications, from improving the efficiency of solar cells and optoelectronic devices to biomedical imaging and drug delivery, wastewater treatment, and antibacterial activities. In this study a photochemical etching technique was used to create layers of porous silicon on a donor silicon wafer with orientation (111) and resistivity equal to 1‑10 ohm·cm. The process involved focusing sunlight onto the samples using a telephoto lens with a suitable focal length of 30cm and a diameter of 90 mm, which provided sufficient energy to complete the chemical etching. By using a constant etching time of 60 minutes and different concentrations of hydrofluoric acid (ranging from 25% to 40%), layers with varying properties were obtained. The resulting surfaces were studied using the atomic force microscope (AFM), revealing the formation of different nanostructures and particles with varying shapes, sizes, and thicknesses depending on the preparation conditions. The average size of the particles was found to be 90.43nm at a concentration of 40% acid, while decreasing to 48.7nm at a concentration of 25% HF acid.
Effect of the Diffusion of Copper Atoms in Polycrystalline CdTe Films Doped with Pb Atoms
Authors: Utamuradova Sharifa B. , Daliev Shakhrukh Kh. , Muzafarova Sultanpasha A. , Fayzullaev Kakhramon M.
Published: October 2023

The process of diffusion of labeled copper  atoms in p-CdTe coarse-block films with a columnar grain structure has been studied. The CdTe film is a p-type semiconductor, where an increase in the Pb concentration in the composition of the CdTe films increases the resistivity ρ of the structure. When the Pb concentration in CdTe changes from 1018 to 5·1019 cm-3, the hole concentration decreases by more than 3 orders of magnitude at a constant operating level depth of EV + (0.4 ± 0.02) eV. This may indicate that the concentration of acceptor defects, which are formed in the films due to self-compensation upon doping with a PbCd donor, exceeds the number of the latter. Electrical measurements by the Hall method were carried out at a direct current and a temperature of 300 K. As a result, an increase in the temperature of films on a Mo-p-CdTe substrate during annealing affects the electrical parameter of charge carrier mobility µ, it decreases significantly. X-ray diffraction analysis showed that on the diffraction patterns of samples of p-CdTe films, all available reflections correspond to the CdTe phase and up to х = 0.08 do not contain reflections of impurity phases and have a cubic modification. Based on the results of the calculation, it was established that the low values of the diffusion coefficient of Cu atoms are due to the formation of associates of the A type , which are directly dependent on the concentration of  atoms. Diffusion length Ln and lifetime τn of minority current carriers in large-block p-type cadmium telluride films, which can also be controlled by introducing lead atoms into cadmium telluride.
Prediction of Viscosity of Cobalt Ferrite/SAE50 Engine Oil based Nanofluids using well Trained Artificial Neutral Network (ANN) and Response Surface Methodology (RSM)
Authors: Hafeezullah Malik Muhammad , Rafay Abdul , Mustafa Ghulam , Khalid Muhammad , Kalhoro Zubair Ahmed , Shaikh Abdul Wasim , Rajput Ahmed Ali
Published: October 2023

Heat transmission by ordinary fluids such as pure water, oil, and ethylene glycol is inefficient due to their low viscosity. To boost the efficiency of conventional fluids, very small percent of nanoparticles are added to the base fluids to prepare nanofluid. The impact of changing in viscosity can be used to investigate the rheological properties of nanofluids. In this paper, (CoFe2O4)/engine oil based nanofluids were prepared using two steps standard methodology. In first step, CoFe2O4 (CF) were synthesized using the sol-gel wet chemical process. The crystalline structure and morphology were confirmed using X-Ray diffraction analysis (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), respectively. In second step, the standard procedure was adapted by taking several solid volume fractions of CF as Ø = 0, 0.25, 0.50, 0.75, and 1.0 %. Such percent of concentrations were dispersed in appropriate volume of engine oil using the ultrasonication for 5 h. After date, the viscosity of prepared five different nanofluids were determined at temperatures ranging from 40 to 80 °C. According to the findings, the viscosity of nanofluids (µnf) decreased as temperature increased while increased when the volume percentage of nanofluids Ø raised. Furthermore, total 25 experimental observations were considered to predict viscosity using an artificial neural network (ANN) and response surface methodology (RSM). The algorithm for building the ideal ANN architecture has been recommended in order to predict the fluid velocity of the CF/SAE-50 oil based nanofluid using MATLAB software. In order to determine the correctness of the predicted model, the mean square error (MSE) was calculated 0.0136.
Spectra of Multiply Charged Ions in Laser Plasma Formed from Gas-Containing Targets
Authors: Japakov Azamat I. , Vapaev Murod E. , Bedilov Ravshan M. , Azamatov Zakir T. , Davletov Ikram Y.
Published: October 2023

The paper presents the results of a study of the charge and energy characteristics of multiply charged ions excited on the surface of a single-element and hydrogen-containing multi-component element targets under the influence of laser radiation with a power density (q=108-1012 W/cm2). It has been experimentally shown that, for all used values of q laser radiation, laser-induced plasma from gas-containing targets is characterized by a lower relative yield (dN/dE) of multi-charged ions with a charge number of Z>+3, compared to the plasma produced on the surface of the single element target. Moreover, the tendency to reduce dN/dE of multi-charged ions of the multi-element target, in comparison with the relative yield of ions from the plasma of the single-element target, is more significant and it depends on the charge of the excited ions. The increase in the charge and energy state, duration, and yield of ions of the heavy component, which occurs with an increase in the content of the light component in the target, has been established. This is explained by a decrease in the efficiency of recombination processes caused by an increase in the expansion velocity of a plasma plume due to a decrease in its average mass.
Effectiveness of Wavelet Denoising on Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry Signals
Authors: Dahraoui Nadia , Boulakroune M'hamed , Khelfaoui S. , Kherroubi S. , Benkrima Yamina
Published: October 2023

Wavelet theory has already achieved huge success. For Secondary Ions Mass Spectrometry (SIMS) signals, denoising the secondary signal, which is altered by the measurement, is considered that an essential step prior to applying such a signal processing technique that aims enhance the SIMS signals.The most efficient and widely used wavelet denoising method is based on wavelet coefficient thresholding. This process involves three important steps; wavelet decomposition: the input signals are decomposed into wavelet coefficients, thresholding: the wavelet coefficients are modified according to a threshold, and reconstruction: the modified coefficients are used in an inverse transform to obtain the noise-free-signal. Several researchers have used thresholding wavelet denoising techniques.

The choice of wavelet type and the level of resolution can have a significant influence; it is important to note that the choice of resolution level depends on the type of signal we are dealing with, the nature of the present noise, and our specific goals for the denoised signal. It is generally recommended to test different resolution levels and evaluate their impact on the quality of the denoised signal before making a final decision. Moreover, the results obtained in wavelet denoising can be significantly influenced by the selection of wavelet types. The chosen wavelet type plays a crucial role in the extraction of signal details. Indeed, the effectiveness of denoising the MD6 sample has been demonstrated by the results obtained with sym4, db8, Haar and coif5 wavelets? These wavelets have effectively reduced noise while preserving crucial signal information, leading to an enhancement in the quality of the denoised signal.
Characterization Study of Double Filtered Sensor Length Effect on Strain Sensitivity
Authors: Jabbar Wasmaa A. , Hemed Ayser , Fadhala Mayyadah , Al-Baidhany Ismaeel
Published: October 2023

In this simulation study, Optisystem 18 software is used to monitor and study the effectiveness of side strain on selected lengths of two virtual uniform fiber Bragg grating (FBG) sensors. The operational FBG sensor Bragg wavelength was 1550 nm, which is used to find the measured shift in deflected light source optical spectrum. This value is also supplied by the light source to offer the minimum absorption and attenuation during transmission inside the optical fiber. Reliability of the sensor and technique of transferring the signal under such effect are screened. The investigator is also used to observe the shift in wavelength with altered applied side strain. The influence of sensor active length on side strain sensitivity is studied where according to theory, the length of the FBG influences the sensitivity via reflectivity . The constructed sensor sensitivity is observed against length before and during the experiment. The sensing principle, in essence, depends on tracking the wavelength shift due to the variation of such strain. Results achieved in this study show an inverse relationship between sensor effective length and shift in the observed wavelength. The measured strain sensitivity is carried out for the active sensor length, which ranges from 0.05 to 15 cm, with corresponding sensitivity values of 1.19 pm/ OC to 0.9 pm/OC, respectively, under the same strain conditions. The empirical results also show the success of the suggested sensing system in measuring strain. The strain measurement, ε, is linearly increasing, identical to the increasing values of the wavelength shift of Bragg. It's also been observed that the wavelength of Bragg is shifting during small ratios in the length protraction of the FBGs.
Comprehensive Investigation of Neolithic Ceramic Samples: Firing Technology and Age Insights
Authors: Mammadov Sahib , Ahadova Aybeniz
Published: October 2023

Thermogravimetric (TG/DTG), thermoluminescence (TL), and X-ray powder diffraction (XRD) techniques were applied to characterize samples collected from the archaeological site of Polutepe in Azerbaijan, dating to the Neolithic period, and gave new information on the firing technology. The thermogravimetric analysis of ceramic shards from Polutepe revealed that the firing temperature of the samples was in the range of 700°C, based on the presence of calcite in the sample. XRD analysis confirmed the presence of quartz, feldspar, and clay minerals in the ceramic samples. According to XTD analysis the mineral composition of the ceramic sample from Polutepe site was as follows: Quartz-33.8 mass%, Feldspar (albite)-21.7 mass%, Muscovite- 33.6 mass%, and Calcite- 10.9 mass%.

TL glow-curve intensity at 325°C was measured to estimate the historical dose of the sample, which was found to be 22.19±1.36 Gy. The concentration of U, Th, and K were 2.24±0.20 ppm , 8.31±0.80 ppm, 2.39±0.23% respectively. Dose rate and age calculation were conducted using the DRAC, version 1.2 and output results are as follows: Environmental dose rate: 3.46±0.19 mGy/a; Age of the sample: 4.400±530 BC years which are in line with the stratigraphically estimated age of this area and with the radiocarbon age (4270±160 BC) reported in our previous work.  The results obtained from this multidisciplinary approach provide insights into the firing technology and age of the ceramic samples.
Model of Radiation-Induced Motion of Liquid Inclusions in Crystal
Authors: Kulyk Oleksandr P. , Podshyvalova Oksana V. , Shevchenko Mykhailo Yu. , Tkachenko Victor I. , Hariachevska Iryna V. , Aoki Toru
Published: October 2023

A physical model is formulated for the motion of liquid inclusions in a crystal in the field of forces caused by the presence of radiation point defects. The model is based on a statistical approach to the processes of induced transitions of structural elements of a crystalline matrix at the interfacial boundary with its solution. From the energy principle, an analytical dependence of the velocity of a spherical azimuthally symmetric inclusion on its size is obtained, considering the threshold nature of the motion. It is shown that the theoretical dependence correlates well with experimental results obtained for inclusions of aqueous saturated solution in potassium chloride crystals irradiated by high-energy electrons. The proposed model of the radiation-induced motion of a liquid inclusion is dynamic and allows us to interpret the nature of inclusion velocity changes in the crystal over time to determine the characteristic energy parameters of point defects.
To Study the Cadmium Sulphide Thin Films Synthesis by Simple Spin Coating Method for Energy Application
Authors: Sharma Jagmohan Lal , Jain S.K. , Tripathi Balram , Mishra Mahesh Chandra
Published: October 2023

The paper examines the properties of CdS thin film, which is used for window material of solar cells and optical devices. The cadmium sulfide (CdS) thin film was prepared by sol-gel method on glass and ITO substrate. Prepared thin film dried in a vacuum oven at 70℃. Thin film and powder of CdS characterized for structural, optical, and electrical properties by X-ray Diffractometer (XRD), UV-Visible spectrometer, and Keithley spectrometer. The average crystallite sizes, microstrain, and dislocation density of the samples were calculated by the Debye Scherrer formula. The optical band gap of CdS calculated by the Tauc-plot method and obtained 2.40 and 2.41eV for powder and film. The absorption wavelength of CdS is suddenly decreased near 280nm and becomes flat in the higher wavelength region. The FTIR spectrometer is used to identification of unknown materials and bond formation. The bond formation, imperfections, and impurities were observed by the PL spectrometer. Keithley spectrometer is used for I-V characteristics and calculates electrical resistivity by Ohms law.
The Effect of Plasma Activation of Reactive Gas in Reactive Magnetron Sputtering
Authors: Dudin Stanislav V. , Yakovin Stanislav D. , Zykov Aleksandr V.
Published: October 2023

The effect of plasma activation of reactive gas on the process of reactive magnetron synthesis of oxide coatings was theoretically and experimentally investigated using a radio-frequency inductively coupled plasma source, which creates a flow of activated reactive gas directed towards the surface on which the oxide coating is deposited. The reactive gas passes through a dense inductively coupled plasma located inside the plasma source, while argon is supplied through a separate channel near the magnetron. A theoretical model has been built allowing the calculation of spatial distributions of fluxes of metal atoms and molecules of activated reaction gas, as well as the stoichiometry area of the synthesized coatings. Calculations were performed on the example of aluminum oxide. It was found that the plasma activation of the reactive gas allows to increase the sticking coefficient of oxygen to the surface of the growing coating from values less than 0.1 for non-activated molecular oxygen to 0.9 when 500 W of RF power is introduced into the inductive discharge. In order to verify the developed model, experiments were conducted on depositing an aluminum oxide film on glass substrates located at different distances from the magnetron target, followed by measuring the distribution of film transparency along the substrate length and comparing it with the calculated distribution. A comparison of the calculation results with the experimental data shows a good agreement in the entire studied range of parameters. Based on the generalization of the obtained results, an empirical rule was formulated that the power ratio of the magnetron discharge and the plasma activator should be approximately 8:1.
Bioresource potential of honey-making lands during the succession of forest vegetation
Authors: Samsonova I. D. , Plakhova A. A.
Published: October 2023

The results of the studies of honey-making lands on forest and non-forest lands of the forest fund of the Kemerovo region are presented. The assessment of honey-making resources by categories of forest lands for honey collection and bioresource potential of lands for honey collection in the process of succession of forest vegetation was carried out. The study of the species composition of honey plants was carried out in 2018–2022 on various categories of lands. The research was carried out in accordance with the generally accepted methods of conducting research in beekeeping. The accounting of honey plants was carried out on transects and discount areas using the methodology of forest taxation. It is established that microclimatic and forest-growing conditions of honey-making lands change during the succession of forest vegetation. Siberian pea-tree, willow family, Tartarian honey-suckle and edible honeysuckle, forest raspberry and the representatives of herbaceous phytocenoses - Siberian garden angelica, rosebay willowherb - are noted on clearings with high honey productivity. Honey productivity of the lands not covered with forest vegetation, on clearings, and in taiga forests is 229.4 kg/ha. The bioresource potential of the lands for honey collection amounted to 68,464 kg on forest lands not covered with forest vegetation within the radius of the apiary on the area of 414 hectares. The honey stock of 88,600 kg makes it possible to keep 738 bee colonies on the registration plot. The obtained reliable scientific information from the practical side is necessary for the adjustment of forest plans of the territories and for the timely planning and organization of the territory of apiaries.
Faddey Gregorovich as the Pioneer of Penitentiary Law Doctrine at the Kazan University: His Fate and Legacy
Authors: Sychenkova L. A. , Bakulina L. V.
Published: October 2023

This article traces the life of Faddey Vladislavovich Gregorovich, a prominent professor of the Department of Criminal Law and Procedure at the Imperial Kazan University who has almost faded from the memory of most scholars today. The documents from the State Archives of the Republic of Tatarstan and the Kalvaryja Cemetery in Minsk are analyzed. New documents that give a picture of F.V. Gregorovich’s family circle, which influenced his choice of profession, and solve the dispute on the exact date of his death are introduced and discussed for the first time. These new documents not only fill in some gaps in F.V. Gregorovich’s biography but also reveal how the scholar developed a strong passion for the theory of criminal law throughout his life. The myth about a conflict between F.V. Gregorovich and A.A. Piontkovsky is proven to be groundless. The cause of F.V. Gregorovich’s early retirement is identified: he was diagnosed with a nervous disease, and it led to his negative image in historiography. Since F.V. Gregorovich took part in the V International Prison Congress of 1895, it means that the academic community of the period under study recognized the establishment of prison studies as a special branch of jurisprudence at the Kazan University.
The concept of the influence of the practice of interstate human rights bodies in the national legislation of States
Authors: Konnov Valeriy
Published: October 2023

The article examines some theoretical aspects of the influence of the practice of interstate human rights bodies on the national legislation of states. The article analyzes the conditions under which it is possible to implement the positions of interstate human rights bodies in national legislation. And the conditions under which this practice does not conflict with the sovereign rights of the state.