bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Development of a Thermal Neutron Dosemeter Utilising the CaSO4:Dy System
Authors: Morgan M.D. , LaCombe M.A. , Stoebe T.G.
Published: February 2017

A new 6Li2SO4:CaSO4:Dy mixed thermoluminescent (TL) phosphor is exposed to gamma and thermal neutron irradiations to compare its response to that of CaSO4:Dy alone. The mixed Li:Ca phosphor demonstrated increased sensitivity to both types of radiation but a sharp increase of signal fading is observed as compared to CaSO4:Dy. The influence of monovalent and tetravalent impurity ions on the TL of CaSO4:Dy is also studied by recording the TL glow curves and TL emission spectra of a number of gamma irradiated CaSO4 samples. Monovalent impurities (Li, Na) greatly reduce the sensitivity of the ~200 oC TL glow peak to gamma irradiation while enhancing the response of the lower temperature ~100 oC glow peak. Tetravalent (Zr) impurities produce minimal effect on the TL response of CaSO4:Dy.
Extremity Dosemeter Monitoring Service
Authors: Curry R.G. , Greenslade E.
Published: February 2017

The Vinten extremity dosemeter has already been shown to be an accurate and useful operational dosemeter. An instrument has been developed, and is described, for batch processing of such dosemeters for a routine extremity dosemeter service.
Evaluation Techniques for Different TL Albedo Dosemeter Systems Using Automatic Readout
Authors: Burgkhardt B. , Schwarz W.
Published: February 2017

For automatic TLD systems using Harshaw TLD-600/700 in the Alnor reader type Dosacus and 6LiF/7LiF in Teflon in the Vinten reader type 813B1, digitised glow curves of the readout after photon and neutron irradiation have been optimised, with respect to maximum readout temperature and heating time for the Vinten system, and for the Alnor system with respect to nitrogen gas flow, nitrogen temperature, heating time and integration interval. For the universal albedo neutron dosemeter statistical errors as a function of neutron readings are presented on the basis of the detector pair readings and the glow peak ratio of the 6LiF detectors. For neutron measurements with a low gamma component, standard deviations of 3% can be realised for both systems using individual detector calibration. With respect to the use of Teflon detectors in albedo dosimetry, special attention should be given to the light sensitivity of the detectors and the increase in zero reading after repeated re-use.
Progress Towards an Operational Personal Neutron Dosemeter Based on Electrochemical Etching of CR-39
Authors: Harrison K.G. , Goodenough R.J.
Published: February 2017

A trial operational personal neutron dosemeter based on the electrochemical etching of CR-39 is described. Experimental studies to determine the effects of time and environment on the neutron sensitivity of the plastic detector, the fading of latent tracks, and on the background observed after processing, are summarised. It is shown that environmental effects are generally not serious and can be minimised by simple precautions. The most significant remaining problem for an operational dosemeter is that of the poor angular response of a single planar detector. In addition, further reduction in the background uncertainty is very desirable, and will be essential if the recent ICRU recommendation to increase the Quality Factor to 25 is endorsed.
Dosimetric Properties of the 'Pille' Portable, Wide Dose Range TLD Reader
Authors: Szabó P.P. , Fehér I. , Deme S. , Szabó B. , Vágvölgyi J.
Published: February 2017

The dosimetric properties of a portable TLD reader are described. The TLD system named 'Pille' or 'moth' consists of a lightweight battery-operated portable TLD reader and its CaSO4:Dy bulb dosemeters. The reproducibility of the TLD system at constant temperature was found to be better than ±2%, and the mean time between failures exceeded 5 years. The dose range of the system is wide, covering more than 6 orders of magnitude, from 5 µGy to 10 Gy. The energy dependence of the CaSO4:Dy bulb dosemeters is less than ±20% above 100 keV in the energy compensation capsules. Without additional annealing, the bulb dosemeters can be re-used at least 100 times, which is an important aspect during in situ measurements.
The Creation and Filing of Thermoluminescence Traps During Irradiation
Authors: Bull R.K.
Published: February 2017

A mathematical model has been constructed to describe the creation and filling of thermoluminescence traps during irradiation. Processes considered include trap filling, recombinations both between free charges and between free and trapped charges and thermal de-trapping. Also a simple trap creation term, linear with dose, has been included. A computer program has been written in order to solve the system of differential equations describing the various charge carrier flows during irradiation. The model and the program are described and the results of the application of the model to some simple energy-level schemes are discussed. Thermal de-trapping and band-to-band recombinations can introduce a dose rate dependence into the accumulation of trapped charge, whilst trap creation leads to the supralinear growth of charge trapped at certain defects with increasing dose.
Measurement of the Mean Energy of Soft Betas Using Thermoluminescence and Thermally Stimulated Exoelectron Emission
Authors: Petel M.R. , Barthe J.R
Published: February 2017

An original method for measuring the mean energy of low energy beta radiation is proposed. It exploits the differences between the responses of a single dosemeter whose thermoluminescence and exoelectron emission are measured either simultaneously or successively. The differences in response are essentially due to the differences between optical transmission (some few hundred microns) in thermoluminescence and electron transmission (a few nanometres) in exoemission. In exoemission measurements, the dosemeter behaves as a fluence detector, while in thermoluminescence measurements it behaves as an isotropic volume dosemeter. The dosemeters are discs having a diameter of a few nm and a thickness of 1 mm. The detector products must be both thermoluminescent and emit exoelectrons. By making some minor modifications and adjustments, at least three products can be used for this purpose: beryllium oxide, alumina and lithium fluoride.
Correlation Between Thermally Stimulated Exoelectron Emission (TSEE) Glow Curves and Optical Absorption (OA) Spectra for MgO Single Crystal
Authors: Chubaci J.F.D. , Blak A.R. , Watanabe S.
Published: February 2017

TSEE glow curves of MgO single crystals, heat treated at 1000 oC for 30 min and X irradiated, showed prominent peaks at 190 oC(peak I) and 430 oC(peak II). OA spectra of samples, heat treated under the same conditions and exposed to 60Co ? radiation, showed bands at 540, 285, 250 and 220 nm. Submitting the samples to successive heat treatments from room temperature (RT) up to 1000 oC, caused: (i) the 540 nm band to disappear after annealing at 100 oC for 30 min; (ii) a slow decay of the other bands with successive annealing up to 410 oC; (iii) with the 525 oC annealing the 220 nm almost to disappear; (iv) the 650 oC annealing to eliminate completely the 285 nm band while the 250 nm band became clearly resolved. The 220 and 285 nm bands have been associated with Fe3+ present in the crystal. While the band at 220 nm started to decrease after annealing at 410 oC, the TSEE peak II had its maximum at 430 oC, indicating that this TSEE peak is formed at the expense of the centres that give rise to the 220 nm band.
Effects of Cooling Rate During Annealing Procedure in BeO
Authors: Borio R. , Chiocchini S. , De Maio U. , Esposti P.D. , Lembo L. , Pimpinella M. , Poli R. , Scampoli P.
Published: February 2017

The uncertainty associated with TL measurements has been related to the heating phase of the annealing and of the reading cycles, in particular, the need for stability of the ovens and the reproducibility of the heating rate during TL readout is pointed out. The cooling conditions are another element of importance in the annealing cycle of some TL materials. Therefore, sensitivity variations, in terms of cooling rate from high temperature to room temperature, have been investigated in BeO, LiF and CaF2:Dy loose detectors. Fast cooling in LiF but slow cooling in BeO markedly increases sensitivity, while CaF2:Dy is unaffected by cooling rate. The different behaviour of these TL materials could be explained by their different structures. The effect described is found not to be permanent, i.e. TL materials 'remember' only the last cooling cycle, since the crystalline structure of the detectors is not modified by thermal procedures carried out for annealing. To ensure reliability of the dosimetric data, extreme reproducibility of the entire annealing cycle is required.
Increasing engagement of students with learning disabilities in mathematical problem‐solving and discussion
Authors: Lambert Rachel , Sugita Trisha
Published: February 2017

Engagement in problem‐solving and mathematical discussion is critical for learning mathematics. This research review describes a gap in the literature surrounding engagement of students with Learning Disabilities in standards‐based mathematical classrooms. Taking a sociocultural view of engagement as participation in mathematical practices, this review found that students with LD were supported towards equal engagement in standards‐based mathematics through multi‐modal curriculum, consistent routines for problem‐solving, and teachers trained in Mathematical Knowledge for Teaching. Using this small set of studies (7), we identify the need to deepen the engagement of students with LD in mathematical problem‐solving and discussion. This review concludes with implications for teaching and learning.
Investigation of mechanical properties and fatigue life of ECARed AA5083 aluminium alloy
Authors: Sedighi M , Monshi P , Joudaki J
Published: February 2017

Equal‐channel angular rolling (ECAR) is a continuous severe plastic deformation process. In this process, severe shear strains apply to the sheet. This strain increases the yield or ultimate strength of sheet without significant change in sheet dimension. In this paper, the effect of ECAR process on mechanical properties and fatigue life of manufactured sheets will be studied. Four AA5083 samples have been prepared and annealed for obtaining stress‐free samples. Three samples have been rolled by the ECAR process with one, two and three passes of rolling, respectively. Mechanical tests including tensile test, hardness and axial fatigue tests have been carried out on prepared samples. Fatigue tests have been implemented according to a strain‐based approach with a constant strain ratio equal to 0.75 and 0.5 Hz frequency of loading. All of the tests have been carried out in controlled laboratory conditions. Results show that the ultimate tensile strength of samples increases with increasing the pass of rolling. Also, the maximum elongation of samples decreases. Maximum elongation was 17% in annealed samples, while it decreases to 10% in samples with three passes of rolling. The hardness of samples has been measured, and the results show an increase in hardness for a higher pass of the ECAR process. Fatigue test results show that fatigue life of AA5083 samples decreases in manufactured sheets of the ECAR process. Also, cyclic softening has been observed in the ECARed sample. The fracture surfaces of samples after fatigue test have been observed with a scanning electron microscope. A comparison of fracture surfaces confirms that the crack growth was intergranular in annealed samples while it changes in ECARed samples to transgranular.
Immunocytochemical identification and ontogeny of adenohypophyseal cells in a cave fish, Phreatichthys andruzzii (Cypriniformes: Cyprinidae)
Authors: Grandi G. , Pezzi M. , Marchetti M. G. , Chicca M.
Published: February 2017

The morphogenesis of the pituitary gland and the chronological appearance of adenohypophyseal cells were investigated for the first time in the Somalian cave fish Phreatichthys andruzzii by immunocytochemistry. The adult adenohypophysis contained: a rostral pars distalis, with prolactin (PRL) cells arranged in follicles and adrenocorticotropic (ACTH) cells, a proximal pars distalis with somatotropic (GH), β‐thyrotropic (TSH), β‐gonadotropic type I (FSH) and type II (LH) cells and a pars intermedia with α‐somatolactin (SL), α‐melanotropic (MSH) and β‐endorphin (END) cells. All regions were deeply penetrated by neurohypophyseal branches. At hatching (24 h post‐fertilization) the pituitary was an oval cell mass, close to the ventral margin of diencephalon. The first immunoreactive cells appeared as follows: PRL at 0·5 days after hatching (dah), GH and SL at 1·5 dah, END at 2 dah, TSH, ACTH and MSH at 2·5 dah, FSH at 28 dah and LH at 90 dah. The neurohypophysis appeared at 5 dah and branched extensively inside the adenohypophysis at 130 dah, but there was no boundary between rostral pars distalis and proximal pars distalis at this stage. The potential indices of prolactin and growth hormone production increased until 28 and 60 dah, respectively. The potential index of growth hormone production correlated positively with total length. Activity of PRL and GH cells, measured as ratio of cell area to nucleus area, was significantly higher in juveniles than in larvae.
Clinicopathological importance of anterior prostate cancer in Japanese Men
Authors: Sato Shun , Takahashi Hiroyuki , Kimura Takahiro , Egawa Shin , Furusato Bungo , Ikegami Masahiro
Published: February 2017

Prostate cancer of transition zone origin or anterior location has been recognized as infrequent, smaller in size and indolent, whereas, our previous report showed that transition zone/anterior cancer was frequently experienced in Japanese men. The current study was conducted to show clinicopathological characteristics of transition zone/anterior cancer. A total of 201 radical prostatectomy specimens were categorized as cancer of anterior or posterior prostate where more than two thirds of the tumor existed in the specific area. Clinicopathological characteristics including Gleason score, pathological stage, lymph node metastasis, extraprostatic extension, surgical incision into the prostate (shown as pT2+), and surgical margin status were compared between anterior and posterior cases. Cases were divided as 83, 73, and 45 of anterior, posterior cancer, and no dominance, respectively. Anterior cancers included significant numbers of high grade tumors (13/83 cases: 15.7%), which was less than posterior cancers (28.8%: 21/73). The cases in pT2+ were significantly more frequent in anterior cases than posterior ones (22.9% vs. 4.1%). No seminal vesicle invasion was shown in anterior cases. Thus, although anterior cancers are less aggressive than posterior cancers, a significant numbers of clinically important cancers were located in the anterior portion in Japanese men.
Acute Inocybe mushroom toxicosis in dogs: 5 cases (2010–2014)
Authors: Seljetun Kristin Opdal , von Krogh Anita
Published: February 2017

Objective

To describe the clinical course, treatment, and outcome of 5 dogs following ingestion of mushrooms belonging to the Inocybe genus.

Case Series Summary

Five dogs with witnessed Inocybe ingestions were presented with clinical signs compatible with poisoning. Vomiting, ptyalism, diarrhea, depression, and tachycardia were common clinical findings in the dogs in this case series. The prognosis with Inocybe toxicosis appears to be excellent as all dogs fully recovered following supportive care.

New or Unique Information Provided

This is the first reported case series of Inocybe mushroom ingestions in dogs where identification of the mushrooms were confirmed by an expert mycologist.
Effect of fluid media on the mechanical properties of continuous pattern‐ending surgeon's, square, and Aberdeen knots in vitro*
Authors: Coleridge Matthew , Gillen Alexandra M. , Farag Ramsis , Hanson R. Reid , Munsterman Amelia S.
Published: February 2017

Objective

To investigate the knot holding capacity (KHC) of pattern‐ending square, surgeon's and Aberdeen knots each tied in 4 throw combinations using large gauge suture after exposure to media commonly found in equine abdominal surgery.

Study design

In vitro mechanical study.

Sample population: Knotted suture strands (n = 10/group).

Methods

Strands of 2 polydioxanone or 3 polyglactin 910 were exposed to 1 of 4 media for 15 minutes. Control suture strands remained dry. Media used included balanced electrolyte solution, 1% sodium carboxymethylcellulose, equine serum, or equine fat. Pattern‐ending knots for the 3 knot configurations were loaded to failure in a linear fashion on a materials testing machine to determine KHC.

Results

Surgeon's knots tied using media‐exposed 3 polyglactin 910 had a significantly higher KHC than the same dry knots with 5 and 6 throws. Square knots tied using media‐exposed to 3 polyglactin 910 had a significantly higher KHC than the same dry knots at 5 throws. Aberdeen knots tied with either media‐exposed 2 polydioxanone or 3 polyglactin 910 had a significantly higher KHC than their equivalent dry knots. Aberdeen knots had a superior KHC, while requiring less suture than both surgeon's and square knots.

Conclusion

Media exposure either had no effect on KHC or significantly improved the KHC of all knots investigated. Based on KHC and knot volume, Aberdeen knots tied using media‐exposed 3 polyglactin 910 with 3 throws and 1 turn are recommended to end a continuous suture pattern.
Managing Talents in Higher Education Institutions: How Effective the Implementation of Succession Planning?
Authors: Mustafa Kamil Bidayatul Akmal , Hashim Junaidah , Abdul Hamid Zabeda
Published: February 2017

The organisations that are aware that human capital is one of their greatest treasured resources would have an impressive competitive mechanism. “Great vision without great people is irrelevant”. Organisations may choose to focus on financial capital, information technology, equipment, and excellent processes; but in the end, their personnel and individual employees are the most important. The contributions of employees are undeniable. To accomplish the objectives of the National Higher Education Strategic Plan, the government is trying hard to transform Malaysian Higher Education Institutions (HEIs) with the leadership development for top and middle-level management.  This study investigated the effectiveness of sucession planning in HEIs. This study employed the stratified random sampling technique from the population of academics from public universities in Malaysia. The results determine that the sample mean of succession planning at α = 0.05 level of significance concludes that succession planning at Malaysian HEIs is effective. This result might answer the capability of HEIs in practising effective succession planning. The succession process should include the identification of a successor, the designation of a successor, the selection and training of the successor, the development of a vision or strategic plan for the firm following the succession, the definition of the role of the incumbent and the communication of the decision to key stakeholders.
Pedagogic Tenets of Specification Writing in Architectural Education, Construction and Practice
Authors: Adewale Bukola , Aderonmu Peter , Awoyera Paul , Fulani Omoyeni , Jegede Foluke , Erebor Emokpae
Published: February 2017

Specification writing is an important aspect of architectural curriculum; as failure of the architect to write an effective specification in educational training and construction-practice may lead to unpalatable factors. This study explored couple of methods employed in the teaching, learning and assessment of specification writing students in architecture department, Covenant University, South-West Nigeria, with a view to identifying the most effective method within the group dynamics. The methodology adopted for this study involved the interview of M.Sc. II architecture students and adoption of two (2) basic pedagogic methods namely Traditional and Revolutionary during class sessions. The qualities were evaluated and assessed through the outcome of students' assignments, standard performance tests and examinations results, and documentations in brainstorming-interactive class sessions. It was found that there were significant differences between the performance scores of students using diverse pedagogic methods. It recommended that further research capable of bridging education and construction- practice in synergy.
Optimal Resource Scheduling for IaaS Cloud Computing using Cuckoo Search Algorithm
Authors: Madni Syed Hamid Hussain , Abd Latiff Muhammad Shafie , Abdulhamid Shafi’i Muhammad
Published: February 2017

Effective resource scheduling is essential for the overall performance of cloud computing system. Resource scheduling problem in IaaS cloud computing is investigated in this paper. It is established to be an NP-hard problem. A recently developed Cuckoo Search (CS) meta-heuristic algorithm is proposed in this paper, to minimize the response time, makespan and throughput for the resource scheduling in IaaS cloud computing. Simulation results show that CS algorithm outperforms that of Ant Colony Optimization (ACO) algorithm based on the considered parameters.
Finiteness of fundamental groups
Authors: Tian Zhiyu , Xu Chenyang
Published: February 2017

We show that the finiteness of the fundamental groups of the smooth locus of lower dimensional log Fano pairs would imply the finiteness of the local fundamental group of Kawamata log terminal (klt) singularities. As an application, we verify that the local fundamental group of a three-dimensional klt singularity and the fundamental group of the smooth locus of a three-dimensional Fano variety with canonical singularities are always finite.
The Role of Computational Modeling and Simulation in the Total Product Life Cycle of Peripheral Vascular Devices
Authors: Morrison Tina M. , Dreher Maureen L. , Nagaraja Srinidhi , Angelone Leonardo M. , Kainz Wolfgang
Published: February 2017

The total product life cycle (TPLC) of medical devices has been defined by four stages: discovery and ideation, regulatory decision, product launch, and postmarket monitoring. Manufacturers of medical devices intended for use in the peripheral vasculature, such as stents, inferior vena cava (IVC) filters, and stent-grafts, mainly use computational modeling and simulation (CM&S) to aid device development and design optimization, supplement bench testing for regulatory decisions, and assess postmarket changes or failures. For example, computational solid mechanics and fluid dynamics enable the investigation of design limitations in the ideation stage. To supplement bench data in regulatory submissions, manufactures can evaluate the effects of anatomical characteristics and expected in vivo loading environment on device performance. Manufacturers might also harness CM&S to aid root-cause analyses that are necessary when failures occur postmarket, when the device is exposed to broad clinical use. Once identified, CM&S tools can then be used for redesign to address the failure mode and re-establish the performance profile with the appropriate models. The Center for Devices and Radiological Health (CDRH) wants to advance the use of CM&S for medical devices and supports the development of virtual physiological patients, clinical trial simulations, and personalized medicine. Thus, the purpose of this paper is to describe specific examples of how CM&S is currently used to support regulatory submissions at different phases of the TPLC and to present some of the stakeholder-led initiatives for advancing CM&S for regulatory decision-making.
‘You’ve got to love what you do’: Academic labour in a culture of authenticity
Authors: Cannizzo Fabian
Published: February 2017

Past research on values change in academia has largely focused on changes perceived to emerge from managerial organisational cultures. What has received less attention is the degree to which broader cultural phenomena have contributed to these processes of change. Using data from a study of academics from across the Australian university sector, this article explores how academia’s presence within a culture of authenticity influences values change among academic labourers. Managerial values are contrasted against an idealised past – the Golden Age of academia – enabling the potential for both critique and compliance with those values. Discourses of ‘passionate’ labour, self-authenticity and personal freedom are hence central to academic governance. Moving beyond the dichotomy of managerial/academic values, the data presented here suggest that the motivations of academic labourers are influenced by the ideal of an authentic self that may be realised through engaging a range of values and professional norms. Beyond narratives of ‘compliance’ and ‘resistance’ to organisational change, studies of values change and motivation in academia need to further contextualise values formation. Situating the motivations of academic labourers through a culture of authenticity offers insight into the cultural structures that influence how values are normalised amid higher education reforms.
Shouldering the past: Photography, archaeology, and collective effort at the tomb of Tutankhamun
Authors: Riggs Christina
Published: February 2017

Photographing archaeological labor was routine on Egyptian and other Middle Eastern sites during the colonial period and interwar years. Yet why and how such photographs were taken is rarely discussed in literature concerned with the history of archaeology, which tends to take photography as given if it considers it at all. This paper uses photographs from the first two seasons of work at the tomb of Tutankhamun (1922–4) to show that photography contributed to discursive strategies that positioned archaeology as a scientific practice – both in the public presentation of well-known sites and in the self-presentation of archaeologists to themselves and each other. Since the subjects of such photographs are often indigenous laborers working together or with foreign excavators, I argue that the representation of fieldwork through photography allows us to theorize colonial archaeology as a collective activity, albeit one inherently based on asymmetrical power relationships. Through photographs, we can access the affective and embodied experiences that collective effort in a colonial context involved, bringing into question standard narratives of the history and epistemology of archaeology.
Estrogen-dependent effects of 5-hydroxytryptophan on cortical spreading depression in rat: Modelling the serotonin-ovarian hormone interaction in migraine aura
Authors: Chauvel Virginie , Multon Sylvie , Schoenen Jean
Published: February 2017

Background

Cortical spreading depression (CSD) is the likely culprit of the migraine aura. Migraine is sexually dimorphic and thought to be a “low 5-HT” condition. We sought to decipher the interrelation between serotonin, ovarian hormones and cortical excitability in a model of migraine aura.

Methods

Occipital KCl-induced CSDs were recorded for one hour at parieto-occipital and frontal levels in adult male (n = 16) and female rats (n = 64) one hour after intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection of 5-hydroxytryptophan (5-HTP) or NaCl. Sixty-five oophorectomized females were treated with estradiol- (E2) or cholesterol- (Chol) filled capsules. Two weeks later we recorded CSDs after 5-HTP/NaCl injections before or 20 hours after capsule removal.

Results

5-HTP had no effect in males, but decreased CSD frequency in cycling females, significantly so during estrus, at parieto-occipital (−3.5CSD/h, p < 0.001) and frontal levels (−2.5CSD/h, p = 0.014). In oophorectomized rats, CSD susceptibility increased during E2 treatment at both recording sites (+5CSD/h, p = 0.001 and +3CSD/h, p < 0.01), but decreased promptly after E2 withdrawal (−4.7CSD/h, p < 0.001 and −1.7CSD/h, p = 0.094). The CSD inhibitory effect of 5-HTP was significant only in E2-treated rats (−3.4CSD/h, p = 0.006 and −1.8CSD/h, p = 0.029). Neither the estrous cycle phase, nor E2 or 5-HTP treatments significantly modified CSD propagation velocity.

Conclusion

5-HTP decreases CSD occurrence in the presence of ovarian hormones, suggesting its potential efficacy in migraine with aura prophylaxis in females. Elevated E2 levels increase CSD susceptibility, while estrogen withdrawal decreases CSD. In a translational perspective, these findings may explain why migraine auras can appear during pregnancy and why menstrual-related migraine attacks are rarely associated with an aura.
The emergence of statutory auditing in France and the recurring issues of independence and competence, 1867–1966
Authors: Dattin Christine Fournès
Published: February 2017

This article studies the evolution of the debate over the recurring issues of independence and competence of auditors during the period of the emergence of statutory auditing in France (1867–1966). The analysis is based on the archives of Pont-à-Mousson and Saint-Gobain, both major industrial companies in France in the twentieth century; articles in the business press; the positions taken by professional accountants’ organisations; and parliamentary debates. Debate over the independence and competence of statutory auditors is shown to have improved the standards of auditing. The evolution of this debate also explains why it took so long – almost a century – to create a real ‘profession’ of auditors in France.
Research in language teaching over two decades: A retrospective of the first 20 volumes of Language Teaching Research
Authors: Stapleton Paul , Shao Qing
Published: February 2017

Since 1997, Language Teaching Research (LTR) has published hundreds of research articles, most of which have reported on empirical studies whose broad purpose was to increase understanding on how second or foreign language teaching can be improved. These articles, as a collective whole, can be viewed as an artifact of the research issues and topics that interested LTR scholars in the time period around the beginning of the 21st century. Moreover, because of the journal’s special focus on research, a survey of the first 20 years of LTR’s articles holds the potential to monitor the field at large over that time period. Via a survey that examines the main focuses of each of the 359 articles under categories as ‘Instructional effects’, ‘Teacher cognition’ and ‘Learner behavior’, this study serves as an extant inventory of research interests over the first 20 years of the journal’s existence.
MR appearance of the temporal evolution and resolution of spontaneous osteonecrosis of the knee: a case report
Authors: Geijer Mats , Jureus Jan , Hanni Mari , Shalabi Adel
Published: February 2017

Spontaneous osteonecrosis of the knee (SONK) is a feared condition of unknown cause, in its classic form appearing in the medial femoral condyle in middle-aged or elderly subjects. Diagnosis with radiography is notoriously difficult with a long latency before typical changes appear. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is regarded as a diagnostic tool with the possibility to give an earlier diagnosis with improved chances for treatment. However, also with MRI there may be an initial diagnostic blind spot before typical changes appear. Little is known about the temporal evolution of the MRI changes. In the current case report, a case of SONK is reported where serial imaging with MRI was performed, from initial symptoms to eventual resolution after almost three years.
Στους «αστερισμούς» της Συγκεκριμένης Ποίησης: Μια σύντομη χαρτογράφηση
Authors: Μάλλη Μορφία
Published: February 2017

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THE DEVELOPMENT OF HOUSING CONSTRUCTION IN RUSSIA
Authors: Сулейманова  , Suleymanova Lyudmila , Глаголев  , Glagolev Evgeniy , Марушко  , Marushko Mikhail
Published: February 2017

Social and economic reforms, occurring in Russian Federation, radically changed approaches to solving the housing problem, economic and organizational basis for housing and communal services. Long-term work on the formation of legal and economic conditions of transition to market methods of regulation and also the realization of targeted programs gave certain results housing construction: increase the volume of living spaces, improvement of living conditions of citizens, affordability of housing for low-income families.
CALCULATION OF COMPOSITE WOOD BEAMS IS BASED ON VARIATIONAL METHOD
Authors: Шевченко  , Shevchenko Andrey , Шаповалов  , Shapovalov Sergey
Published: February 2017

The relevance of the study is to optimize the calculation in the design of beams of The relevance of the study is to optimize the calculation in the design of beams of wooden buildings with the definition of efforts and deformations of the beam, the elements of the frame and the casing, by applying the variational method V. Z. Vlasov, when a wooden beam is represented as a rod of composite sections.
Dirge for my country
Authors: Piercy Marge
Published: February 2017

My country, you are hurtling us into a darkmorass. In that old war, I understoodthe Viet Cong better than I understoodthe Pentagon. Alienated, at daily war in the streets and movement lofts againstmy government, yet I felt hope at leastsometimes that we were pushing hardenough to birth a dream of equality.Click here to purchase a PDF version of this article at the Monthly Review website.
The effect of fish oil supplementation on maternal and neonatal outcomes: a triple-blind, randomized controlled trial
Authors: Ostadrahimi Alireza , Mohammad-Alizadeh Sakineh , Mirghafourvand Mojgan , Farshbaf-Khalili Shadi , Jafarilar-Agdam Nayyer , Farshbaf-Khalili Azizeh
Published: February 2017

Objective:

To evaluate the effect of fish oil supplementation on pregnancy outcomes in mother and newborn.

Methods:

This randomized, triple-blind, placebo-controlled trial was conducted on 150 pregnant women aged 18–35 years from Feburary 2014 to April 2015 in Tabriz, Iran. Participants were assigned to receive either 1000 mg fish oil supplements containing 180 mg eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and 120 mg docosahexanoic acid or placebo from week 20 of gestation to birth. The primary outcome measure was birth weight. Gestational duration, preterm labor low birth weight (LBW), length, head circumference, and maternal serum docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and EPA level at 35–37 weeks were also examined. The statistical analysis was on an intention-to-treat basis.

Results:

Demographic characteristics were similar in both groups (P>0.05). The mean (SD) birth weight values in the fish oil and placebo groups were 3256 (362) g and 3172 (447) g, respectively (adjusted mean difference (MD)=84.1 g, 95% confidence interval [CI]=−24.8 to 193.2). Five (7.6%) neonates in the placebo versus no case in the fish oil group were born with LBW (P=0.02). The rate of preterm labor was lower in the fish oil group (adjusted OR=0.74, 95% CI=0.16–3.42). However, there were no statistically significant differences in the maternal outcomes (P>0.05) with the exception of the proportion of maternal serum DHA fatty acid at 35–37 weeks (P<0.001).

Conclusion:

Although low dose fish oil supplementation increased birth weight, its effect was not statistically significant. The frequency of LBW was significantly reduced in the intervention group, but the observed reduction needs to be confirmed in future larger investigations using different doses of omega-3.
Using GIS to discover changes in the local water cycle of wetlands – case study Poblockie Peatbog
Authors: Sikora Magda , Cieśliński Roman
Published: February 2017

The aim of this study is to reconstitute the changes in the local water cycle and plant habitats occurring in wetlands under anthropic influence. The selected area for the study in this paper is the swamp of Pobłockie Peatbog, located in the catchment area of the river Łeba in northern Poland. The fieldwork was performed in October of 2013. Using ArcMap the hydrographic network of the study area in the years 1837, 1918, 1936, 1976 and 2000 were digitized and represented. Using a LIDAR image, the terrain model for the swamp of Pobłockie Peatbog was generated in ArcMap. This was then used to create a map showing the location of runoff pathways from the waterlogged areas. Long-term drainage and the construction of new drainage ditches have led to the encroachment of bog woodland on the originally treeless swamp of Pobłockie Peatbog.
Comparison of experimental and theoretical results for the structure and elastic properties of moganite
Authors: Grimmer Hans , Delley Bernard
Published: February 2017

Moganite, which is monoclinic at ambient temperature, undergoes a displacive transition to an orthorhombic phase at ≈570 K. Whereas the monoclinic phase may be considered as α-quartz that is Brazil twinned along {1 0 1̅ 1} at the unit-cell scale (cell-twinning), the orthorhombic phase cannot be interpreted as a Brazil cell-twin of β-quartz, in contrast to statements made in the literature. The shape of the oxygen tetrahedra in monoclinic moganite has been determined more reliably by density functional theory (DFT) calculations than by experiment: the differences between the various experimental results for the shape of the oxygen tetrahedra at ambient temperature are typically ten times larger than the differences between the DFT results. The DFT calculations suggest that the oxygen tetrahedra in moganite are very close in shape to the oxygen tetrahedra in α-quartz. Among the three DFT calculations considered, the most convincing results for the bond angles in moganite are obtained for the DMol3 code with functional PBE.
The ICT Competence and Development Perspectives of Teacher Trainees During Teaching Practice
Authors: Gonda Zsuzsa
Published: February 2017

For the sake of the use of ICT in public education, teacher trainees must experience the functional application of ICT during teaching practice. This study focuses mainly on the teaching practice, where the students can map their own ICT competence and reflect on their strengths and weaknesses. The aim of this research is to examine to what extent the teacher trainees consider themselves competent in the use of ICT tools by the end of their teaching practice. The research used the method of an online questionnaire, whose aim was to examine the ICT-competence of teacher trainees based on teacher competences. The results reflect that teacher trainees use ICT appropriately for teacher-centred activities, but they are not able to make effective, interactive materials for their students. A key factor to progress the students’ ICT competence could be a mentor, a practising teacher at the teaching practice.
Statistics Regarding Economic Activity of People with Mobility Disability in Western Transdanubia
Authors: Komjáthy Zsuzsanna
Published: February 2017

This article – with the help of the population census from 2001–2011 – seeks to document a thorough and comparative examination of the employment case of people with mobility disability in Transdanubia. After introducing the region’s economic activity (with the help of the results of a future dissertation which examines the employment characteristics of 20 Transdanubian companies from the aspects of both the employer and the employee) the study reveals the labour market possibilities of the people with mobility disability in the region.
Az elfogadás pedagógiája konferencia
Authors: Kovács Zoltán
Published: February 2017

A Kaposvári Egyetem Roma Szakkollégium a Kaposvári Egyetem Pedagógiai Karával közösen az elfogadás pedagógiájával foglalkozó tudományos konferenciát rendezett 2016. november 10-11-én Kaposváron. A kétnapos tanácskozás előadásai a kisebbségek, illetve mindenfajta másság elfogadásának pedagógiai, pszichológiai, szociális, jogi, vallási, művészeti aspektusait vizsgálták. A konferencia egyik célja, hogy a témában a Kaposvári Egyetem Pedagógiai Karával egy képzés kerüljön kidolgozásra pedagógusok számára.
MEMORIAL SOBRE A TRAJETÓRIA ESCOLAR BÁSICA DE DAYSE HELLEN COSTA DE VILHENA
Authors: VILHENA Dayse Hellen Costa
Published: February 2017

O presente texto trata do memorial sobre a trajetória escolar de Dayse Hellen Costa de Vilhena, ex-integrante do Programa Conexões de Saberes. Tem como objetivo apresentar os passos percorridos desde o início da educação básica até a entrada à UFPA e quais os principais entraves de estudantes das comunidades populares adentrarem o ensino superior público. A memória foi usada como principal referência para construção do material. Em seus resultados, apresenta os esforços individual e coletivo para que de fato a educação seja uma questão de direito e não de privilégio de poucos.
PERCORRENDO ESTRADAS: TRAJETÓRIAS DE UMA DESCENDENTE DE MIGRANTES NORDESTINOS NO INTERIOR DA AMAZÔNIA
Authors: OLIVEIRA Luana do Socorro
Published: February 2017

O presente texto trata do memorial sobre a trajetória escolar de Luana do Socorro de Oliveira, ex-integrante do Programa Conexões de Saberes. Tem como objetivo apresentar os passos percorridos desde o início da educação básica até a entrada à UFPA e quais os principais entraves de estudantes das comunidades populares adentrarem o ensino superior público. A memória foi usada como principal referência para construção do material. Em seus resultados, apresenta os esforços individual e coletivo para que de fato a educação seja uma questão de direito e não de privilégio de poucos.
Study on the Characteristics of Rainfall Runoff in the Kinugawa River Basin and the Evacuation Behavior of the Residents at the Time of Kanto and Tohoku Flood Disaster in September, 2015
Authors: Morooka Yoshimasa ,   Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Chuo University 1-13-27 Kasuga, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan, Yamada Tadashi ,   Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Chuo University 1-13-27 Kasuga, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
Published: February 2017

This paper discusses the Kinugawa River basin, where an overflow and overtopping of the embankment along with its eventual collapse occurred, resulting in a large-scale inundation during the Kanto and Tohoku Flood Disaster in September 2015. The spatial-temporal characteristics of rainfall, characteristics of rainfall runoff, and evacuation behavior of the residents are investigated and analyzed.
Technology Focus: Mature Fields and Well Revitalization (January 2017)
Authors: Lee Jesse
Published: February 2017

Technology Focus

In last year’s Technology Focus concerning mature fields, I highlighted the topics of refracturing, efficiency, and environmental responsibility. Evidently, these three topics remain as the critical aspects of mature-field development. However, for 2017, I would like to steer readers’ attention to new technology, advanced modeling, and the interesting topic of fracture hits.

Advanced modeling, the ability to capture reservoir information in high definition and translate the knowledge into mathematical expressions, has always been a key enabler that allows our industry to maximize well performance. For instance, advanced modeling allows much more thorough derisking of enhanced-oil-recovery investment and leads to the maximization of financial returns.

Concerning new technology that improves mature-field development, the advanced geosteering and reservoir-scale mapping tool not only enhances oil production from the target reservoir but also can help the asset team in proper reservoir characterization and redevelopment planning. It has been a challenge for our industry to implement new technology for the past 2 years because of market depression. However, 2017 is certainly the year to revisit the topic of new technology and prepare ourselves for the activity uptick.

In this feature, I would like to bring up the topic of fracture hits. While in-field drilling is becoming more common, this crosswell communication initiated while pumping a hydraulic-fracturing treatment seems to be inevitable. It is not entirely clear how to prevent or control this phenomenon. However, there are several years of data and publications regarding this matter, plus some new technology to minimize fracture hits. I believe this will open up new opportunities for further maximization of well production.

In this editorial, I talked about advanced modeling, new technology, and fracture hits. Therefore, I have selected several papers on these topics to share with you. Enjoy your reading.

Recommended additional reading at OnePetro: www.onepetro.org.

SPE 177148 State of the Art in 3D Reservoir Characterization: Palo Azul Field, Ecuador by J. Sandoval, Halliburton, et al.

SPE 179177 Advanced Modeling of Interwell Fracturing Interference: An Eagle Ford Shale Oil Study—Refracturing by Adrian Morales, Schlumberger, et al.

SPE 177060 Geomodeling Work Flow Adapted to a Mature Extraheavy-Oil Field—Case Study: Modelization of Petrocedeño Deltaic Reservoir for the EOR Polymer Project by R. Mulder, Statoil, et al.
Effect of storage temperature on the physiochemical properties of UHT milk
Authors: Siddique Farzana , Riffat Sadia , Arshad Muhammad , Farooq Umar , Iftikhar Khansa , Kharal Sadia
Published: February 2017

The aim of the study was to assess the physicochemical changes occurred during storage of UHT milk for 90 days at three different temperatures i.e. 10˚C, 25˚C and 35˚C. pH, titrable acidity, total solids, lactose, moisture were the parameters used for physicochemical analyses. The results showed an increasing trend in titrable acidity, total solids with the passage of time. Temperature also affected the quality of UHT milk while lactose and moisture showed decreasing trend with the increase in temperature and storage period. The maximum titrable acidity (0.21%) and total solids (12.34%) were observed at 90th day of storage at 37˚C while lowest titrable acidity 0.11% and total solids content was noticed at 0 day of storage at 10˚C. Significantly highest lactose (4.073 %) moisture (87.92%) and pH (6.79) was noticed at 10˚C during 0 day storage while decline in lactose (3.53%), moisture (86.66%) and pH (6.42) was observed during 90 day of storage at 37˚C temperature
Study on Optimization of Landslide Treatment Schemes Based on Entropy Weight Grey Incidence and D-S Evidence Theory
Authors: Wang Fei , Wang Zhitao , Su Jingyu
Published: February 2017

Landslide disaster is a serious natural hazard next to earthquake and floodwater. It has brought about great losses to the economic and societal development worldwide. Aiming at the characteristics and requirements in the process of landslide treatment, an optimization algorithm of landslide treatment schemes selection is proposed by combining entropy weight grey incidence with D-S evidence theory. Firstly, it employs the theory to acquire the weights of different indices. Secondly, it determines uncertain degrees corresponding to different indices through the methodology of grey incidence. Finally, the mass functions of different targets in different indices can be obtained, carrying out the fusion of different mass functions on the basis of D-S theory of evidence and sorting the targets according to the belief function value. It is verified by example calculation and comparative analysis that the method is feasible and effective, providing theoretical basis for landslide treatment.
PENGEMBANGAN KARAKTER DALAM OLAHRAGA DAN PENDIDIKAN JASMANI
Authors: Winarni Sri
Published: February 2017

Abstract: Character Development in Sports and Physical Education. There are three approaches to character development, i.e. the social learning, structural development, and socio-psychological approaches. These underlie nine strategies to develop character through physical and sports activities. The strategies can be implemented by formulating characteristics of real sportspeople in a program, strengthening sportsmanlike behaviors, modeling good and appropriate behaviors, explaining why particular behaviors are good and acceptable, discussing moral dilemmas, actualize moral dilemmas in actual situations, teaching cooperative learning strategies, creating an atmosphere that motivates movement tasks, and transferring power from leaders to participants (members). Keywords: character development, sports, physical education