bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Organizational Field And Institutional Pillars: understanding the pesticide field in Brazil and India ## Campo Organizacional e Pilares Institucionais: discussão para entender o campo dos pesticidas no Brasil e Índia
Authors: Borges Diego Echevenguá , Santos Carolina Pantuza Vilar dos , Ckagnazaroff Ivan Beck
Published: July 2021

Este texto teve como objetivo discutir conceitos que constituem e atravessam a teoria institucional de modo a construir uma epistemologia estruturalista que possa oferecer subsídios para futuros pesquisadores que desejem estudar a evolução do campo de pesticidas no Brasil e na Índia. Especificamente, delineamos os conceitos campo organizacional e pilares institucionais para propor uma agenda de pesquisa que busque investigar conflitos e ações de multinacionais do agronegócio, políticos, agricultores familiares, agricultores pequenos, médios e grande porte, pesquisadores de diferentes áreas e organizações do terceiro setor a fim de legitimar suas definições sobre os pesticidas. Isso é importante, pois, de um lado, os pesquisadores da área da saúde poderiam definir os pesticidas como prejudiciais à saúde humana, sugerindo, assim, que o governo proíba sua comercialização. Por outro, com o objetivo de sensibilizar os políticos e a sociedade, as multinacionais do agronegócio poderiam definir os pesticidas como tecnologias fundamentais para proporcionar alta produtividade e segurança alimentar à população.ABSTRACTThis paper aimed to discuss concepts that constitute and traverse institutional theory, so as to build a structuralist epistemology that might offer support to future researchers that intend to study the evolution of the pesticide fi eld in Brazil and India. Specifically, we defi ned the concepts of organizational fi eld and institutional pillars. This was made in order to propose a research agenda that seeks to investigate conflicts and actions taken by agribusiness multinationals, politicians, family farmers, small, medium and large agriculturists, researchers from different fields and organizations of the third sector, thus legitimizing their definitions about the pesticides. This is important because health researchers could define them as harmful to human health, thus suggesting that the government should forbid their commercialization. On the other hand, aiming at sensitizing politicians and society, agribusiness multinationals could define pesticides as fundamental technologies for providing high productivity and food safety to the population.
Avaliação do potencial alelopático e fitotoxicidade de Hymenaea stigonocarpa em espécies invasoras e cultivadas
Authors: Motta Grossi Sophia , Mendes Gomes Magalhães Natália , C. Caldas Oliveira Sarah , Stefânia Gomes Anabele , Borghetti Fabian
Published: July 2021

O Cerrado é um hotspot mundial de biodiversidade e vem sofrendo com a expansão das áreas destinadas   produção de commodities. Mais da metade de sua área foi desmatada ou transformada por ação antrópica, incluindo a introdução e/ou expansão de plantas oportunistas. Atualmente, inúmeras espécies se tornaram invasoras de ambientes naturais do bioma. Buscando mitigar este processo invasivo, a utilização de espécies nativas que inibam o desenvolvimento das plantas invasoras e ao mesmo tempo favoreçam a biodiversidade nativa representa uma estratégia promissora. Dessa forma, este estudo avaliou o potencial alelopático da rizosfera de plântulas de Hymenaea stigonocarpa (jatobá-do-cerrado) na germinação e crescimento inicial das espécies invasoras, Megathyrsus maximus e Ipomoea triloba, e da cultivada, Sesamum indicum, plantadas em solo previamente ocupado por plântulas de jatobá-do-cerrado. Ademais, avaliou-se o efeito fitotóxico do extrato aquoso de suas raí­zes em coleóptilos de Triticum aestivum, usando o percentual de inibição do seu crescimento. As espécies alvo plantadas em solo previamente ocupado por plântulas de jatobá-do-cerrado apresentaram inibição significativa do crescimento em comparação ao controle. A inibição do crescimento de S. indicum foi de 31% da parte aérea e de 48% da radicular; enquanto M. maximum teve inibição de 41 e 84%, respectivamente. Já I. triloba não germinou. Contudo, não se observou alteração significativa do alongamento dos coleóptilos de T. aestivum expostos ao extrato de jatobá-do-cerrado. Os resultados obtidos sugerem potencial atividade alelopática desta nativa sobre plantas daninhas, indicando seu uso como estratégia em processos de recuperação de áreas degradadas do Cerrado com o benefí­cio de controlar o desenvolvimento de invasoras.
Family Resilience from the Perspective of A.A. Bogdanov’ Organizational Theory
Authors: Makhnach A.V. , Laktionova A.I.
Published: July 2021

Objective. Analysis of the family resilience as its systemic characteristics from the standpoint of the organizational theory of A.A. Bogdanov.
Background. The growing uncertainty of the existence of a person and a family makes such a quality as resilience in demand. The approach to the family as a system and practical work with it from the perspective of studying its resilience presupposes an emphasis not on the weakness and dysfunctionality of the family, but on those potential and real possibilities that are inherent in it. The family resilience as its systemic characteristic, depends on the balance of risk and protective factors, in the quality of which the family’s resources are considered. Family resourses are indicators of the family resilience. The resources of the nuclear family, contributing to the formation and maintenance of its resilience in wide temporal, social and cultural contexts, are gradually uniting individual resources. The process of forming the resource capacity of the family is not only their accumulation, but also the synthesis and grouping of the resources of the whole family as a system.
Methodology. Organizational theory A.A. Bogdanov.
Conclusions. Organizational theory A.A. Bogdanova, being a general scientific approach to the study of any system, makes it possible to analyze the family resilience as its systemic characteristics from the standpoint of the interaction of multidirectional activities mediated by differences in the understanding of family values, communication needs and organizational patterns. The joint coordinated activity of family members, leading to an increase in family resilience, is achieved with the help of certain resources.
Psychological Well-Being of Orphaned Children and Children Who Left without Parental Care in the Conditions of a Children’s Health Camp
Authors: Filinkova E.B. , Kovalev P.A.
Published: July 2021

Objective. Study of the psychological well-being of children left without parental care in a children’s health camp in different social situations and in different social environments.
Background. The negative effects of raising orphaned children in state institutions can be compensated by their stay in alternative socialization conditions, including in a children’s health camp. It is important to study the psychological well-being of orphans in a health camp as determining the effectiveness of their socialization.
Study design. The paper studied the influence of two factors on the psychological well-being of orphaned children in the camp: the type of social situation and the composition of the social environment. The connection was checked by applying the Mann-Whitney U-test and the Kruskal-Wallis test.
Participants. Students of centers for the promotion of family education (N=115) who are on vacation in children’s health camps in mixed groups (N=64) and in separate groups (N=51). Of these, 55 are boys and 60 are girls between the ages of 12 and 15. Camp counselors (N=15) from mixed (N=10) and separate (N=15) groups.
Measurements. A survey using the method of self-assessment of emotional States by A. Wessman and D. Rix, including programmed observation.
Results. The composition of the social environment is one of the factors that determine the well-being of children. Among teenagers in mixed groups (“family” teenagers and orphaned children), it is more favorable in the situation of communication with counselors, and less favorable in the situation of joint activities with peers. In groups consisting only of orphaned children, the well-being is more favorable in situations of joint activity and everyday communication. In General, orphaned children in separate detachments feel more comfortable compared to orphans in mixed detachments. There was a discrepancy between the assessment of psychological well-being by orphaned teenagers and the assessment of this well-being by counselors.
Conclusions. The psychological well-being of orphaned teenagers in a children’s health camp is determined by two factors — the type of social situation and the composition of the social environment.
Attitudes to Animals and Bullying among Teenagers
Authors: Volkova I.V.
Published: July 2021

Objective of the study is to test the hypothesis about the connection between bullying and animal violence.
Background. Several studies explore the link between aggressive behaviors in children and cruelty to animals. One the most typical aggression behavior for the Russian adolescents is bullying. The article seeks to understand if a cruelty to animals a significant predictor of bullying roles (victim, bully, witness).
Study design. The study was conducted using a socio-psychological survey. Cruelty to animals was assessed with Cruelty to Animals Inventory, attitudes to animals were measured with Pet Attitudes Scale. Prevalence of bullying was estimated with Olweus Bully/Victim Questionnaire.
Participants. The study included two samples. The first sample included 69 respondents (average age 13,7 years; 55% of males). The second — 96 respondents (average age 14,01 years; 74% of males).
Methods. For data processing, mean comparisons (t-test, Wilcoxon test), chi-square test and regression analysis were applied in R 3.5.0 environment.
Results. 44—53% of adolescents were cruel to animals at least once. 42% of adolescents were found to be victims of bullying, 20% — were bullies and 88% were witnesses. Girls were found to be bullies more frequently than boys. Cruelty to animals was a significant predictor only for the victim role, but not for bully or the witness role.
Conclusions. Cruelty to animals can be an indicator of bullying in adolescence.
Metaphors of the Law: from "the Light" to "the Flame"
Authors: Isaev I. A.
Published: July 2021

The paper highlights the main stages of the formation of such a philological and legal phenomenon as a metaphor. From ancient times to the present time, the "metaphorical imperative" has determined the most important aspects of the emerging legal reality. The transfer of meanings in jurisprudence took the form of analogy and the objective influence of symbolization and virtual legal structures.

Metaphors were also considered as factors of the formation of legal theories acting as some kind of "preforms". Metaphors did not perceive existing similarities, but they themselves created them. This was their significance as "demiurg tools". Therefore, metaphorical expression produced effects rather than meanings, but meanings leading to change. The birth of a new legal meaning was largely spontaneous and unpredictable: it is known that law enforcement sometimes differs from the original intention of the lawmaker and legislator. For the precise establishment of the content of the law, legal knowledge of its original meaning is also necessary. The hermeneutic problem is to bridge the gap between the law and the incident. A change in the social or political situation should not determine the current law to obsolescence: the inherent irrational elasticity of a legal idea provides a field of action.

There are also "resonating" metaphors that induce a large number of implications, stimulating new interpretations that reveal hidden implications. Thus, a certain loss of meaning inevitably takes place.

The paper clarifies: in the history of law, the metaphor has gone from mythological and traditional ideas to modern legal fiction and "simulacrum".
The Role of Small States in Integration Projects in the Eurasian Space: The Case of Armenia
Authors: Ayvazyan A. S.
Published: July 2021

The geopolitical interpretation of political processes taking place in the South Caucasus region ignores the possibility of an independent external policy of the smaller states that do not possess considerable military or economic power. Nevertheless, small states build their relations with Russia, the EU and other actors in accordance with the national political discourse that does not often correspond to the realist paradigm of international relations. The case of Armenia exemplifies membership in integration projects often described in academic literature as competing ones. As a consequence, the importance of closer research of internal political processes and factors that influence the decision to join one or another regional project increases. Cooperation with the EU, which has been strongly connected to partners’ commitment to democratic norms, human rights reforms and rule of law, was considered as an important part of their external policy by all the three South Caucasus countries. For the moment, the Eurasian Economic Union does not designate the normative component of cooperation with member countries. In this sense, the Eurasian project has still to define itself.
Integration Processes within the Eurasian Economic Union: Kazakhstan’s Narratives
Authors: Chernykh I. A. , Burnashev R. R.
Published: July 2021

Integration processes in the Eurasian space are ambiguously assess both by officials and an expert community of the member countries. Thus, there is still a discussion in Kazakhstan and various narratives are being formed concerning the expediency of the country’s presence in the Eurasian Economic Union (EAEU), the advantages and challenges associated with this participation. The article deals with the main narratives that are presenting in Kazakhstan and describing the integration processes within the EAEU — official and expert (both critical about the EAEU and supporting Eurasian integration). The analysis conducted in the article is based on the understanding of the narrative as a “statement-result”, defined by its structure (coherence between key concepts). The article shows that all narratives about the EAEU, present in the Kazakhstani discourse, have a similar structure, formed by the concepts of “independence”, “integration”, “politics” and “economics”. The differences between the narratives are determined by the emphasis on either the “independencepolitics” or “integration-economics” constellations (linkages), and the proposed format of regionalization of Kazakhstan within Central Asia or Eurasia.
How Principal Leadership, Disciplinary Climate, and Parental Involvement Work Collectively as Predictors of Student Achievement
Authors:   University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, Zhang Sijia
Published: July 2021

This study examined how school leadership, parental involvement, disciplinary climate can collectively impact students' perceptions on reading and student achievement. The sample was obtained from the combined data of Progress in International Reading Literacy Study (PIRLS) and Trends in International Mathematics and Science Study (TIMSS) 2011 package. School leadership is believed to have a positive indirect impact on student achievement through the influence of other mediating variables. It was hypothesized that the more time principals spend on accomplishing school leadership practices, the greater the degree of parental involvement and disciplinary climate, thus higher levels of students' perceptions on reading and better student achievement. The results indicated the school leadership did have an indirect positive influence on student outcomes (students' perception on reading, and student achievement.
Let Me Say It for the Folx in the Back, GOOD TEACHING ISN'T GOOD ENOUGH : Quantifying Academic Achievement in a College Algebra Course Centered on CRP
Authors:   North Carolina Central University, Downing Gregory A.
Published: July 2021

The purpose of this pre/post-intervention quantitative experimental study was to investigate the effects of a sequence of lessons grounded in the principles of culturally relevant pedagogy on students enrolled in a college algebra course at an HBCU. In particular, the paper focuses on the interaction between these lessons and academic achievement (students' ability to learn, process, and affinity towards the subject they are learning about) with regards to students' grades and their views about mathematics. Two classes of students, an experimental group and a control group, engaged in mathematics lessons that were grounded in rigorous mathematical teaching practices; but the experimental course received lessons that also incorporated principles of culturally relevant pedagogy. Results indicated that students in the experimental course showed significant quantitative gains on the various measures related to academic achievement and self-efficacy in mathematics.
Impacto ambiental sobre a saúde humana devido à exposição aos agrotóxicos
Authors: Pereira do Nascimento Bruno , Cristina Giroto Ferreira da Silva Renata , Pippus Ferreira Alexsander , Custodio da Silva Evanilda , Arquimedes de Figueiredo Junior Jardes , Lourenco de Oliveira Dias Leandro , Paulo Henrique Nascimento Campos  , Mário Cândido da Silva Ageo
Published: July 2021

É grande a problemática envolta na utilização dos agrotóxicos no Brasil e no mundo, os danos cumulativos a saúde humana é remontada em diversas pesquisas que elucidam diversas alterações sistemáticas que acometem as populações expostas. Sendo necessária a discussão e implementação de políticas públicas efetivas na saúde do trabalhador, a fim de prevenir o risco do desenvolvimento de comorbidades associadas aos agrotóxicos.  Objetivo: Analisar a exposição materna aos agrotóxicos e a ocorrência de prematuridade no estado de Mato Grosso no período de 2008 a 2018. Metodologia: Trata-se de um estudo quantitativo, ecológico, abrangendo o período de 2011 a 2017, conduzido em municípios do Estado de Mato Grosso. Os óbitos fetais e nascidos vivos com malformação foram obtidos através do Sistema de Informações de Nascidos Vivos (SINASC). E as estatísticas da população daquele determinado município foram filtrados pelo Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística (IBGE).

Palavras-chave: agrotóxicos; prematuridade; cuidado pré-natal.

Abstract

The problem involved in the use of pesticides in Brazil and in the world is great, the cumulative damage to human health is traced in several studies that elucidate several systematic changes that affect the exposed populations. It is necessary to discuss and implement effective public policies on worker health, in order to prevent the risk of developing comorbidities associated with pesticides. Objective: To analyze maternal exposure to pesticides and the occurrence of prematurity in the state of Mato Grosso from 2008 to 2018. Methodology: This is a quantitative, ecological study, covering the period from 2011 to 2017, conducted in municipalities in the State from Mato Grosso. Fetal deaths and live births with malformation were obtained through the Live Birth Information System (SINASC). And the population statistics for that particular municipality were filtered by the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics (IBGE).

 

Keywords: Pesticides; Prematurity; Prenatal Care.
Tópicos do Método da Razão de Bowen
Authors: Alves Pereira Osvaldo , Victor Hugo de Moraes Danelichen  , Noel Flávio Costa Ferreira  , Eduardo Nogueira dos Santos  , Jonathan Willian Zangeski Novais  , Henry Helber Calazans Camargo  , Benedito Felipe Da Silva Filho
Published: July 2021

Este trabalho teve como objetivo mostrar a dedução física e matemática do método de Bowen na conversão de fluxo de calor latente em unidade de volume de água. A evapotranspiração é o processo natural de fluxo de água para atmosfera. Dentre as técnicas meteorológicas existentes, o método de Bowen consiste na razão entre os fluxos de calor latente (energia destinada para mudança de estado físico da água) e sensível (energia destinada para mudança de temperatura) emitidos por uma superfície durante o processo de evaporação e transpiração das plantas, em função dos gradientes da pressão de vapor e da temperatura observados sobre a superfície. Além disso, o método está fundamentado no princípio de conservação de energia, com fundamentos matemáticos relativamente simples e com modesto aparato instrumental.

 

Palavras-chaves: Fluxo de calor; micrometeorologia; perda de água; atmosfera.

 

Abstract

This work aimed to show the physical and mathematical deduction of the Bowen method in the conversion of latent heat flow into a unit of water volume. Evapotranspiration is the natural process of flowing water into the atmosphere. Among the existing meteorological techniques, the Bowen method consists of the ratio between the latent heat flows (energy destined to change the physical state of the water) and sensitive (energy destined to change the temperature) emitted by a surface during the evaporation process and plant transpiration, depending on the vapor pressure and temperature gradients observed on the surface. In addition, the method is based on the principle of energy

conservation, with relatively simple mathematical foundations and with modest instrumental apparatus.

 

Keywords: Heat flow; micrometeorology; loss of water; atmosphere.
Resgate da Valorização da Higienização das Mãos em Tempos de Pandemia
Authors: Luiz de Oliveira Sonia Mariza , Robes Andressa Veruska , Santos Janici Therezinha , Vieira Amantea Daniela , D'Alpino Paulo Henrique
Published: July 2021

A velocidade da disseminação e as alarmantes taxas de mortalidade decorrentes da pandemia do COVID-19 levaram os países a adotarem medidas urgentes para impedir a disseminação do COVID-19. Entre essas se destaca a higienização das mãos, reconhecida como um importante método de prevenção da transmissão de doenças e de cuidados em saúde pública. Trata-se de um procedimento de baixa complexidade e de simples realização. A prática da higienização das mãos é considerada um dos principais mecanismos de combate às infecções relacionadas à assistência na saúde, quer seja em atenção primária ou em níveis de maior complexidade. Além disso, todos deveriam lançar mão da higienização no dia a dia dos afazeres domésticos, especialmente, no cuidado com o núcleo familiar. Apesar disso, sabe-se que há uma baixa adesão à higienização das mãos, sendo que esta prática deveria ser aplicada de maneira consistente. Nesse sentido, propôs-se neste estudo um resgate da valorização da higiene das mãos em tempos de pandemia para o controle de infecções, reforçando a importância da higienização das mãos, enquanto importante prática de prevenção e cuidado.
Palavras-chave: Mãos Limpas. Infecção. Higienização. Infecções por Coronavirus.
Abstract
The dissemination speed and the alarming mortality rates resulting from the COVID-19 pandemic led countries to take urgent measures to prevent the spread of COVID-19. Among them, hand hygiene stands out, recognized as an important method of preventing disease transmission and public health care. It is a low complexity and simple procedure. The hand hygiene practice is considered one of the main mechanisms to fight infections related to health care, whether in primary care or at more complex levels. In addition, everyone should use hygiene in the home care daily routine, especially in caring for the family unit. Despite this, it is known that there is a low adherence to hand hygiene, and this practice should be applied consistently. Therefore, it was proposed in this study to rescue the valorization of hand hygiene in times of pandemic for infection control, reinforcing the importance of hand hygiene as an important prevention and care practice.
Keywords: Clean Hands. Infection. Hygiene. Coronavirus Infections.
Ideas de los alumnos sobre cambios de estado del agua y su evolución con una formación docente
Authors: Do Carmo José Manuel
Published: July 2021

En el contexto de un taller de formación, enfocado en la enseñanza de los cambios de estado del agua, enmarcado por una metodología por cambio conceptual, en que se procura dar respuesta a las ideas de los alumnos como hipótesis a investigar y asumiendo la necesidad de introducir la teoría corpuscular de la materia como teoría explicativa de los fenómenos involucrados, los docentes participantes aplican con sus alumnos las actividades entrenadas. El cuestionario inicial para la identificación de los conceptos por los alumnos, se ha aplicado también como post test de 5 a 6 meses después de la realización de las actividades. Los resultados en el pre test se compararon con otras dos investigaciones, utilizando el mismo cuestionario. Los resultados en el post test, revelan un cambio muy destacado en las concepciones de los alumnos, sobrepasando otros de edad superior.
La educación diferenciada por razón de sexo ante el derecho constitucional. Un debate con múltiples voces: legislación, doctrina y jurisprudencia
Authors: Navas Sánchez María del Mar
Published: July 2021

En este artículo se analiza críticamente la constitucionalidad de la educación diferenciada por sexos y su financiación pública a través del régimen de conciertos educativos. Para ello se realiza un recorrido por la regulación —o ausencia de ella— de este tipo de educación realizada por las diferentes y sucesivas leyes educativas de nuestra democracia, las aportaciones de la doctrina y los principales pronunciamientos tanto del Tribunal Constitucional como del Tribunal Supremo. Si tras 2018 y la doctrina contenida en el conjunto de sentencias que se inicia con la STC 31/2018 el debate parecía cerrado, la reciente aprobación y entrada en vigor de la LOMLOE ha vuelto a reabrirlo.
Subclinical hypothyroidism in community perspective: Treat or not to treat?
Authors: Kant Ravi , Barnwal Shruti , Yadav Poonam , Tendulkar Prakash , Bairwa Mukesh
Published: July 2021

Subclinical hypothyroidism is a common clinical entity prevalent in the community setting, thyroid hormone testing is one of the most frequently asked investigations, and it also is placed in most health panel tests. It is defined as the value of thyroid-stimulating hormone between 4.5-10mIU/L and normal fT4 and fT3. In community-based studies, the prevalence of subclinical hypothyroidism was observed by nearly 4.4% in males and 7.5–8.5% in females. Prevalence of sub clinical hypothyroidism increases in females with advancing age. There is a gray zone for treating the clinical condition with a TSH value between 4.5-10 mIU/ml. Treatment for subclinical hypothyroidism is also under debate for more than two decades with varying opinions. The main focus of treatment is aimed at one of the following criteria: correction of lipid abnormality, progression to overt hypothyroidism, pregnancy, and other medical conditions. There are different schools of thought for deciding to treat such persons. This review highlights the importance, risk, and benefits of treating such conditions with thyroxin replacement from a community perspective.

insufficient data on subclinical hypothyroidism forced medical professionals to screen identified cases and initiate treatment of such conditions in the primary health care setting.

We retrieved the relevant literature from PubMed, Medline, and Embase using keywords adult, pregnancy, female, children, adolescent, thyroxine, thyrotropin, TSH, thyroid function test, prevalence, risk factors, hypothyroidism, cardiovascular system, lipids, sub-clinical, primary health care, community.
Assess the depression anxiety and stress among adults
Authors: Nageswaran Karpagavalli , Devi Sushila
Published: July 2021

The current social changes like urbanization, unemployment and competitiveness and various factors in the developing country led to various psychological problems among the individual. According to WHO the people suffer from depression more than 264 million; there may be a various cause for depression, but the stress and anxiety play a very important role in depression. The life time prevalence of depression, anxiety and stress among young adults around the world is currently estimated to range from 5% to 70%, the reviews motivated researchers to Assess the Depression, Anxiety and Stress Among Adults. Objectives are. (1) To assess the depression, anxiety and stress among adults in selected areas of Pune city. (2) To associate the findings with selected demographic variables.

A non-experimental descriptive survey method was used.200 sample who met the sampling criteria were included. The standardised tool DASS 21 used. During Data collection ethical considerations like informed written consent, confidentiality was incorporated.

In this present study54% sample have extremely severe anxiety; 34% sample have moderate depression and 43% sample have normal stress level.

Detecting depressive, anxiety, and stress-related symptoms in adults is a critical preventive strategy, which can help in preventing and minimizing the major health related issues like hypertension, cardiovascular diseases etc. and mental health disorders like substance abuse and antisocial behaviours etc in later lives.
Inhibitory and complementary therapeutic effect of sweet lime (Citrus limetta) against RNA-viruses
Authors: Ray Pal Sulagna , Banerjee Swapan
Published: July 2021

Sweet lime (), known as 'Mousambi' or 'Mosambi' in India, is one of the best citrus fruits regarding its nutrient contents. Its bioactive compounds (BAC) are exclusively used for multiple clinical applications considering many therapeutic benefits not only in Asian countries but also in the western world. The fruit pulp and juice are the best sources of ascorbic acid, B-vitamins, amino acids, and other secondary metabolites. Specifically, polyphenols such as flavanones, hesperetin, naringenin, and chlorogenic acid are highly rich in the fruit. The nutrients in sweet lime altogether provide significant anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, anti-cancer, and neuroprotective effects. The purpose of this study is to review and analyze the inhibitory and complementary therapeutic effects of sweet lime's pulp and juices to inhibit the virulence caused by RNA viruses, mainly SARS-CoV-2. This review study was designed based on extensive online searches of relevant open-access literature available in the best quality and reliable databases by using specific keywords and boolean operators. After a rigorous review, we found that flavanones in the fruit can alter or inhibit the polyproteins (pp1a and pp1b) responsible for viral replication. Therefore, sweet lime has potentialities to provide an inhibitory and a complementary therapeutic effect against RNA viruses, mainly SARS-CoV-2. About the antiviral activities, more clinical trials are needed to prove its efficacy; however, reviewing current knowledge, is one of the potent antioxidant, inflammatory fruits available and affordable almost worldwide.
Effective power of a constricted welding arc with heteropolar current pulses
Authors:   Togliatti State University, Sidorov V. P. , Sovetkin D. E. ,   Togliatti State University
Published: July 2021

The authors reviewed the research works on the effective power of direct and reverse polarity welding arcs with a non-consumable electrode in argon. The study shows that it is difficult to use the arc effective efficiency for effective power determination. It applies to the constricted arc more than to the free one. Based on data analysis for the effective power of polarities and the effective efficiency of a constricted arc burning toward the cooper heat flow calorimeter, the authors calculated the specific effective power of polarities and arc stresses. The maximum values are 23.2 W/A for the reverse polarity arc; and 14.2 W/A for the direct polarity arc. The study identified that the decrease in the specific effective power of polarities at the current increase within 100–150 A is well described by linear dependencies. With the current increase, there is a linear decrease in the direct polarity arc stress, while the reverse polarity arc stress remains constant. The spread of data for the specific effective power of polarities is about two times less than the spread for effective efficiency. Using a 2D mathematical model of the constricted arc column in a closed area, the authors calculated the power absorbed by plasma-forming argon and nozzle walls. As a result, the authors obtained the dependencies of the power transferred by argon on the nozzle channel length and the arc current. The specific effective power of argon flow for analyzed current densities and argon consumption shows poor dependence on the arc current and is equal to 5.5 W/A approximately. The power contribution of plasma-forming argon to the effective power of the constricted arc increases with the current increase.
CONFLICT OF INTERESTS IS THE BASIS OF CORRUPTION
Authors:   Togliatti State University, Bobrova N. A. , Vlasova M. A. ,   Togliatti State University, Pozin V. G. ,   Togliatti State University
Published: July 2021

Despite the permanent interest of scientists in the issue of corruption, the nature of its basics as an anti-social phenomenon remains understudied. As such principle, the paper considers the conflict of interests of participants in various public relations related to the exercise and abuse of power. The paper aims at showing the nature of the conflict of interests as the basis of such anti-social phenomenon as corruption, identifying subjective and objective causes of corruption. The authors analyze the gaps and weaknesses of current anti-corruption legislation and the practice of its application. The paper gives specific examples of a conflict of interests in various corruptogenic spheres and manifestations, for instance, in the sphere of economic entities’ participation in tenders announced by state and municipal authorities. The authors consider the legal and moral ways of preventing conflicts, the role of ethical norms in preventing conflicts, the legal framework of their prevention and resolution, the ratio of the conflict of interests and the employee’s qualification, the relationship between the material and personal interest, the activities of commissions for preventing a conflict of interests guaranteeing the role of written notification of a conflict of interests, special aspects of the notification procedure, and the consequences of non-compliance with the written notification. The study shows that a conflict of interests and corruption risks are eliminated both through legal means and moral ones, whereby the moral qualities of leaders and the requirements imposed on the heads of state and municipal authorities are of particular importance. Nepotism, increasingly prevalent in power and management structures (kinship and clientelism), is a common form of a conflict of interests, which undermines the moral foundations of public and municipal service.
FACTORS AFFECTING THE TRAINING OF THE PERSONAL STAFF OF THE RUSSIAN GUARD UNITS
Authors:   Perm Military Institute of the National Guard Troops of the Russian Federation, Novikov I. N.
Published: July 2021

At present, the education of personnel of the Federal National Guard Troops Service in line with their professional activities plays an important role in maintaining the high combat readiness of the troops of the Russian Guard, as well as in successful completing service and combat missions for their intended purpose at a stated time. The paper studies the factors influencing the formation and development of professional attributes of personnel of the Federal National Guard Troops Service within the service and fighting activity. Based on the analysis of scientific literature, the author specifies three groups of factors influencing the training of servicemen and the staff of the Federal National Guard Troops Service: service-professional, environmental, and personal. The service-professional factors involve military (professional) training activities, performance of duties of combat service (on military duty), moral and psychological support, and other areas of service and combat activities. The environmental factors include the information environment, military personnel, family, friends, acquaintances, military rituals, wearing military uniforms, and military symbols. Personal factors reflect the intrapersonal level of mental activity of servicemen (employees) and imply motivation for self-improvement, the own activity of a person, and professional reflection. The author studied the opinions of officers regarding the importance of specified factors. The result showed the importance of all three groups of factors influencing the training of the RF National Guard personnel. According to the obtained data, the author concludes on the necessity to optimize the training process of the Russian Guard personnel by covering all areas of military professional activity.
APPLICATION OF SCRUM AND KANBAN APPROACHES IN DISTANCE LEARNING OF FUTURE IT-SPECIALISTS
Authors:   Nizhny Tagil State Social-Pedagogical Institute (branch) of Federal State Autonomous Educational Institution “Russian State Vocational Pedagogical University”, Vaseva E. S. , Teregulov D. F. ,   Nizhny Tagil State Social-Pedagogical Institute (branch) of Federal State Autonomous Educational Institution “Russian State Vocational Pedagogical University”, Buzhinskaya N. V. ,   Nizhny Tagil State Social-Pedagogical Institute (branch) of Federal State Autonomous Educational Institution “Russian State Vocational Pedagogical University”
Published: July 2021

The online form of implementation of educational programs in a higher education institution should not affect the quality of competencies of a future graduate. For future successful employment and professional activity, an IT graduate should have skills and work styles associated with the application of modern software development technologies underlying the agile methodology. The goal of the study is to present an approach to introducing the ideas of the agile methodology into the educational process of a future IT specialist in the context of distance learning, comparing the possibilities of implementing two popular technologies of agile methodology – scrum and kanban, using the example of the Moodle distance learning system. To achieve this goal, the authors applied the following methods: the collection and analysis of scientific publications related to the study of features of agile technologies; the possibilities of their application in the educational process; monitoring the work of students according to agile methodology approaches when using the Moodle distance learning system. The analysis and observation of the students’ work allowed concluding on the possibility of introducing the methodology into the educational process carried out remotely using a distance learning system. The authors formulated recommendations on the application of distance learning tools for introducing the agile technologies in the learning process, in particular, the concept of distance course using the example of the Moodle online learning system, variants of the course objects settings, ways of evaluating the students’ work. The study shows that Moodle distance learning system acts as a virtual space where students interact as team members, implement project activities according to scrum and kanban approaches, using such course elements as a checklist, assignment, forum, and chat.
DEFINITION AND METHODS TO ESTIMATE THE FINANCIAL STABILITY OF INDIVIDUALS
Authors:   AD Mortgage, Kozminykh O. V.
Published: July 2021

Current conditions for conducting financial and economic activities create the necessity to develop a methodology for the financial stability assessment of both legal entities and individuals. It is related to the implementation of entrepreneurial activities by physical entities as individual entrepreneurs, the delivery of professional services as self-employed, and the conclusion of outsourcing agreements. However, the analysis of approaches to the definition of the concept of financial stability of individuals allowed concluding that this issue has not received proper theoretical understanding. The gap between the theory of finance and the practice of conducting financial and economic activities formed the goal of this study: to define and develop criteria for the individual's financial stability assessment. The paper analyzes the approaches to the definition of both the financial stability of a commercial organization and the methods for its assessment and compares the financial and economic activities of legal and physical entities. The paper defines the financial stability of a physical entity, which is understood as its ability to fulfill its obligations at its own expense in the long term. The author developed absolute and relative indicators for the individual's financial stability assessment. The author uses the saving rate, the market value of a property, and the volume of long-term loans and borrowings as absolute indicators of the financial stability of an individual. The market level of the individual's financial leverage and the ratio of fixed financial costs coverage are used as relative indicators. The application of the developed absolute and relative indicators for assessing the financial stability of individuals will rationalize the process of selecting counterparties operating as individuals, improve the quality of financial monitoring of the activities of individual entrepreneurs, and reduce the risks of credit institutions when granting loans to individuals.
Transcriptome Profiling of Micromelalopha troglodyta (Lepidoptera: Notodontidae) Larvae under Tannin Stress Using Solexa Sequencing Technology
Authors: Feng Kai , Tang Fang , Zhang Yu , Nong Meiling
Published: July 2021

Tannins are a large group of polyphenolic compounds and natural protective substances for plant survival. The differentially expressed genes (DEGs) of Micromelalopha troglodyta (Graeser) under tannin stress were studied by Solexa sequencing technology. A total of 51,797,038–54,991,822 and 51,674,478–52,307,172 clean reads were obtained from the tannin treatment (TT) library and the control (CK) library transcriptomes, respectively, and assembled into 21,236 nonredundant consensus sequences. The expression of 1,627 unigenes in the TT library was remarkably different from that of the CK library; 885 genes were upregulated, and 742 genes were downregulated (P ≤ 0.001). The expression of 18 DEGs was detected by real-time fluorescent quantitative PCR, and the trend of gene expression was consistent with that of transcriptome data. In the biological process category, the DEGs were primarily related to cellular processes, metabolic processes, and single-organism processes. In the molecular function category, the DEGs were mainly involved in binding and catalytic activity, and in the cellular component category, the DEGs were mainly related to the cell, cell part, and organelle. Pathway enrichment analysis indicated that drug metabolism-cytochrome P450 and glutathione metabolism may be associated with detoxification-related processes under tannin stress, and glutathione S-transferases and other detoxification enzyme genes play an important role in detoxifying tannins in M. troglodyta larvae. This study also provides important resources for further study of the genes related to pesticide targets and metabolic processes in M. troglodyta.
Wetlands Provide a Source of Arthropods Beneficial to Agriculture: A Case Study from Central Georgia, USA
Authors: Cardona-Rivera Gabriela A. , Clark Brittany , McHugh Joseph V. , Bush Bryana , Batzer Darold P.
Published: July 2021

We described the overlap of arthropod communities between agricultural lands and adjacent wetlands using transect sampling, to determine if these juxtapositions might be influencing abundances of beneficial arthropods in agricultural lands. We further assessed experimentally whether these beneficial arthropods migrating from wetlands may potentially enhance crop productivity. Large numbers of predaceous carabid beetles and spiders moved from the wetlands into the agricultural lands; both of these groups can be important to biological control of crop pests. However, our exclusion experiments did not detect significant impacts of these predators on herbivorous insects or on crop productivity. Numerous studies have established that natural habitats adjacent to crop lands serve as refuge to beneficial arthropod communities and enhance overall biodiversity. Wetlands adjacent to agricultural lands appear to serve the same function. Our study suggests that wetlands may provide the ecosystem service of enhancing numbers of arthropods beneficial to agriculture, a service not established previously, and a factor that may motivate farmers to conserve wetlands that they own.
Response of Acetylcholinesterase to Insecticides in Reticulitermes chinensis Snyder (Isoptera: Rhinotermitidae)
Authors: Tu Huizhen , Tang Fang , Yang Haijiang
Published: July 2021

The subterranean termite Reticulitermes chinensis Snyder is an important pest in China. We determined the inhibition of six selected insecticides to acetylcholinesterase (AChE) extracted from R. chinensis. Our results yielded half maximal inhibitory concentrations (I50) for each of the insecticides to be 3.49 × 10–3 M for methomyl, 3.87 × 10–2 M for phoxim, 2.18 × 10–3 M for triazophos, 1.89 × 10–3 M for profenosos, 1.10 × 10–3 M for malathion, and 4.39 × 10–2 M for omethoate. Furthermore, the inhibitory activity of AChE by the six insecticides was increased with the increase of insecticide concentration from 3.3 × 10–7 to 5 × 10–3 M. These results provide a theoretical basis for the management of R. chinensis.
Arab countries and the global education agenda 2030: Incomplete path
Authors: Akkari Abdeljalil
Published: July 2021

The 2030 global education agenda sets a progression path for all countries. About ten years before this deadline, this paper explores potential trajectories for Arab countries to achieve significant advances in education. The article examines major challenges related to access and quality of education. While most countries made major progress on quantitative dimensions of education (enrollment, years of schooling), important challenges remain such as limited learning outcomes, persistent illiteracy, inequalities and poor governance of education. This paper proposes new ways to rethink education in this region. The tension between credentials(prioritized by students, family and the state) and skills (needed by society and the job market)is one of the most relevant issue in reforming education in the region.
Generic Skills Development in the Gulf Cooperation Council Countries and Graduate Outcomes: A Systematic Review of the Literature
Authors: Matu Jeffrey B. , J. Paik Eun
Published: July 2021

Generic skills are essential because today’s jobs and the future of work require flexibility, initiative, and the ability to undertake many different tasks. While higher education graduates in the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) countries recognize the contribution of these skills in their academics and workplace performance, generic skills development is not a consistent part of their education, which has led to socioeconomic challenges. If higher education placed a great emphasis on developing generic skills, students would expect to have pragmatic benefits, such as academic success, boosting workplace performance, positive interpersonal relationships, and better health and overall well-being. To the best of our knowledge, no systematic review has been conducted to examine generic skills development outcomes in the GCC. Hence, this systematic review aims to identify, evaluate, and summarize findings from peer-reviewed and policy-related studies that have documented generic skills development outcomes in the GCC countries, including identifying broad definitions used and areas for future research. The findings demonstrated conclusive evidence regarding the effectiveness of generic skills development at the higher education level in enhancing graduate outcomes in employability promotion skills, enhancing stakeholder engagement in curriculum and instruction, academic or workplace performance, influences on health, and effects on social dimensions.