bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Nonlinearity in human resting, eyes-closed EEG: an in-depth case study
Authors: Pritchard Walter , Stam Cornelis
Published: December 2023

The question of nonlinearity in the human electroencephalogram (EEG) is important, since linear methods of EEG analysis are more well-developed and computationally faster than nonlinear methods. Furthermore, the presence or absence of nonlinearity has important theoretical implications for understanding the nature of the brain's oscillatory activity. Using a linear summary measure as a control, we report a failure to reject the null hypothesis of a (largely) stationary linear-Gaussian process for normal, resting, eyes-closed EEG from a single participant. We found significant evidence of nonlinearity at two occipital sites (01 and 02) where the 8-12.5 Hz alpha rhythm was prominent. However, this element of nonlinear structure appeared trivial, as (1) we found no evidence of time irreversibility at these loci, and (2) best-fitting linear models accounted on-average for over 94% of the variance in the data with nonlinear modeling doing no better. Half of the remaining variance could be accounted for by nonstationarity. While our findings technically apply only to the one individual tested, his EEG was typical of those seen under the conditions that we employed.
Structure of cytomatrix and nuclear matrix revealed by embedment-free electron microscopy
Authors: Gajkowska Barbara , Cholewiński Marcin , Gniadecki Robert
Published: December 2023

Embedment-free electron microscopy (EFEM) is a new method which allows the visualisation of cytoskeleton in whole-mounted cells. In this study we employed EFEM to investigate the structure of cellular scaffolds in glioma C6 cell line. The cells were extracted with Triton X-100 that dissolves phospholipids in the membranes and removes most of cytoplasmic soluble proteins. The DNA and nuclear histones were removed with DNase I and high-salt buffer, respectively. The remaining cellular frameworks were temporary embedded in diethylene glycol distearate (DGD), sectioned and observed in transmission and scanning electron microscope after the removal of DGD. The predominant structure was the extensive meshwork of 10-20 nm filaments in the cytoplasm (cytomatrix) and 15-30 nm filaments in the nucleus (nuclear matrix). The 5 nm filaments, presumably corresponding to the actin filaments, were present in the cytomatrix, but not in the nuclear matrix. Moreover, the ultrathin (3 nm) filaments, connecting other cytoskeletal components were detected. Those are possibly identical with the previously described plectin filaments. For the first time we report the occurrence of ultrathin filaments in the nuclear matrix. Thus, in a addition to the well known cytoskeletal components (microtubules, intermediate filaments, actin microfilaments) EFEM showed a new type of filaments (the ultrathin filaments) in the cytomatrix and nuclear matrix. Further immunocytochemical studies are needed to determine the biochemical identity of the filaments observed in EFEM.
Respiratory effects of capsaicin occur beyond the lung vagi in anaesthetized rats
Authors: Kaczyńska Katarzyna , Szereda-Przestaszewska Małgorzata
Published: December 2023

The effects of an intravenous capsaicin challenge on the respiratory pattern and ventilation were studied in 15 urethane/chloralose-anaesthetized, spontaneously breathing rats. Bolus injection of capsaicin at a dose of 5 ìg/kg into the right femoral vein evoked respiratory arrest in all animals (both prior to and after bilateral midcervical vagotomy), which effect was abolished by ruthenium red pretreatment. Breathing that followed the apnoea was of enlarged tidal volume and initially increased respiratory rate, which resulted in an augmented ventilation. The capsaicin-induced respiratory changes were independent of vagal integrity and may depend on stimulation of vanilloid receptors within the nodose ganglia.
Effects of DAGO on the rodent hippocampal evoked potentials using different perfusion solutions
Authors: SanMartín Simone , Menéndez Luis , Gutiérrez Mercedes , Hidalgo Agustín , Baamonde Ana
Published: December 2023

Opioid receptor agonists exert excitatory effects in the hippocampus by inhibiting GABA release. We report that the u-opioid agonist, DAGO, increases the amplitude of the population spikes (PS) measured in the stratum pyramidale of the CA1 cell layer in mouse and rat hippocampal slices perfused with an artificial cerebrospinal fluid (ACSF), but not when perfused in Krebs solution. The GABAA agonist, 3-APS, induces inhibitory responses when perfused in either ACSF or Krebs. Also, the field excitatory postsynaptic potentials (EPSP) measured on stratum radiatum do not differ when the slice is perfused with either ACSF or Krebs. The increase in the amplitude of the PS induced by DAGO is not obtained when perfused in a modified ACSF whose concentration of MgSO4 was lowered to its concentration in the Krebs solution (from 2.4 mM to 1.2 mM). Thus, changes in the concentration of MgSO4 seem to be responsible for the different responses induced by DAGO.
Deterministic brain oscillations in the magnetoencephalogram
Authors: Kowalik Zbigniew , Witte Otto
Published: December 2023

Determinism is a special property of some systems and is defined by its state-space behavior in which the trajectories in time never intersect. Whether or not determinism exists in brain activities is a question that may be resolved by analysis of the dynamical properties of the electroencephalogram (EEG) or magnetoencephalogram (MEG). We will show that even though there are strong nonstationarities in most brain behaviors, small epochs of deterministic dynamics can still be observed. We will also show that the local Lyapunov exponents are measures that can demonstrate smooth transitions into these deterministic states.
Molecular maps of neural activity and quiescence
Authors: Chaudhuri Avi , Zangenehpour Shahin , Rahbar-Dehgan Fariborz , Ye Fengchun
Published: December 2023

The rapid accumulation of inducible transcription factors (ITFs), such as c-Fos and Zif268, in activated neurons combined with histological methods that offer detection at the cellular level are key features that have led to their wide use in visualizing activated neurons. There are two major drawbacks of ITFs that limit their use in the CNS - cell-type expression specificity and stimulus-transcription coupling uncertainty. Recent technical advances in the field of molecular activity mapping now permit dual-labeling approaches that help resolve some of these ambiguities and identify neurons that are activated by different sensory stimuli. Furthermore, the recent identification of the robl/LC7-like gene, which shows immediate-early repression after stimulation, may have utility in functional mapping where it can be used to delineate quiescent neurons and serve as a complement to molecular activity markers.
Inducing gene expression in barrel cortex - focus on immediate early genes
Authors: Filipkowski Robert
Published: December 2023

Using only their vibrissae, rats and mice are able to recognize and differentiate surfaces not distinguishable by primates using their fingertips. It has been shown that sensory stimulation elicits the expression of immediate-early genes (lEG), e.g., c-fos and zif268, in the sensory cortex of rats and mice. Though most of these findings come from visual system, mice and rats rely more on their vibrissal system which also offers many advantages for designing precise and precisely controlled experiments. In this review, new models for the selective and simple stimulation of vibrissae are presented and discussed. The data demonstrating lEG expression in the vibrissal system is also reviewed.
Effect of opioids on Ca2+ /cAMP responsive element binding protein
Authors: Bilecki Wiktor , Przewłocki Ryszard
Published: December 2023

Ca2+ /cAMP response element binding protein (CREB) is an important factor linking the opioid-regulated secondary messenger systems to alterations in gene expression. Opioids regulate CREB level, its phosphorylation and binding to its corresponding response element in the promoters of several genes implicated in drug addiction. CREB mediates the action of opioids on the expression of several genes in brain regions responsible for drug -seeking behavior and manifestation of signs of dependence. Moreover, alterations in CREB level can affect the rewarding properties of morphine and regulate the self-administration of cocaine. At the cellular level CREB acts as convergence point for different cellular pathways. Opioids affect two different intracellular mediator systems: inhibitory ­connected with cAMP, and stimulatory - involving calcium and the PKC pathway. Both can affect CREB but in different phases of opiate action. The presence of this biphasic mechanism can explain the phenomenon of the induction of some CRE-controlled genes after both acute and chronic morphine administration. Cellular studies also highlight the relevance of other ATF/CREB family members which can affect Ca2+ /cAMP response element (CRE) controlled transcription as well as other transcription factors which make the opioid induction longer lasting.
Alternatif Medya Kavramı Tartışmaları Ekseninde Türkiye’deki Ağ Tabanlı Alternatif Medya Üzerine Bir İnceleme
Authors: Erimli Alparslan , Özçağlayan Mehmet
Published: December 2023

Bu çalışmada, alternatif medyanın kavramsallaşmasına dair tartışmaların ışığı altında, özellikle İnternet ve yeni iletişim teknolojilerinin gelişimiyle alternatif medyanın baskın bir şekilde katılımcılık boyutu üzerinden karakterize edilişi eleştirel bir yaklaşımla incelenmiştir. Türkiye’deki ağ tabanlı alternatif medyanın ele alındığı çalışmada, alternatif medyanın katılımcılık ilkesiyle kavramsallaştırılmasına yapılan eleştirel bakış, İnternet’in sahip olduğu yapısal sorunlar ekseninde International Press Institute (Uluslararası Basın Enstitüsü) tarafından 2020 yılında hazırlanan Türkiye Dijital Medya Raporu üzerinden ele alınmıştır. Türkiye’de dijital mecrada faaliyet gösteren muhalif, bağımsız medyanın potansiyeline ve İnternet’te avantajlı bir konumda gözüken sermaye sahibi anaakım medya karşısında yaşadığı güçlük ve engellere dair bulgular sunan Türkiye Dijital Medya Raporu’ndaki ağ tabanlı alternatif medya organları odağındaki verilerin betimsel analizi yapılmıştır. Ayrıca yapılan analiz Saran (2021) ve Bulut’un (2019) Türkiye’de çeşitli ana akım ve alternatif medya kuruluşlarında çalışan SEO (Search Engine Optimisation/arama motoru optimizasyonu) birimleri ve gazetecilerle yaptıkları mülakatlarla desteklenmiştir. Yapılan analizler sonucunda, İnternet’in ekonomi politiğinin sebep olduğu yapısal sorunların alternatif medyanın demokratik ve özgürleştirici bir medya ekosistemi yaratmasında engeller çıkardığını söylemek mümkündür.
Türkiye Cumhuriyeti’nin 100. Yılını Temel Alan Kurumsal Reklamlarda ‘Cumhuriyet ve Atatürk’ Hikayesi: Kültürel Bakış Kapsamında Barthes’ın Mit Çözümlemesi ile Bir İnceleme
Authors: Garip Sezen
Published: December 2023

Türkiye Cumhuriyeti’nin ilanından günümüze kadar geçen zamanda birçok marka, hedef kitleleri doğrultusunda milli değerleri ön planda tutan tanıtım ve kurumsal reklam çalışmaları yapmaktadır. Yapılan kurumsal reklam çalışmalarındaki hikâye anlatımı ise hem milli duyguları harekete geçirmekte hem de hedef kitlenin markaya olan bağlılığını artırmaktadır. Reklam filmlerindeki hikâye anlatımında da kültürel değişkenlerin kullanılmasının önemli olduğu görülmektedir. Bu doğrultuda araştırmada, Türkiye Cumhuriyeti’nin 100. yılını konu edinen kurumsal reklam filmlerinde ‘Cumhuriyet ve Atatürk’ hikâyesinin kültürel bakışa göre nasıl anlatıldığı ortaya çıkarılması amaçlanmıştır. Bunun yanında ‘Cumhuriyet ve Atatürk’ hikâyesinde markaların kendini nasıl konumlandırdığına odaklanılmıştır. Amaçlı örnekleme yöntemlerinden ölçüt örnekleme çerçevesinde Arçelik ve Shell markasının 100. yıl temalı kurumsal reklamları analiz edilmiştir. Reklam filmlerini analiz etmek için Roland Barthes’ın göstergebilim yaklaşımı olan ‘Mit Çözümlemesi’ yöntemi kullanılmıştır. Yapılan analize göre kurumsal reklamlardaki ‘Cumhuriyet ve Atatürk’ hikayesinin anlatımında; modern insanın günlük ritüeline, takvimsel ritüellerden geçiş ritüeline, mevsimsel geçiş ritüeline vurgu yapılmaktadır. Kurumsal reklamlarda iletişim araçlarının tarihsel gelişimi, markanın logosu ve Türk bayrağı gibi sembollerin kullanıldığı da görülmektedir. Reklamlarda anlatılan hikâyede topluma hizmet, vatan sevgisi, topluma fayda, destek olma, birlik duygusu gibi değerler de yer almaktadır. Bu değerlerde, Atatürk’ün tecrübe ve bilgisini toplumuna aktaran bir kahraman olarak gösterilmesiyle anlam kazanmaktadır.
İzlenim Yöneticisi Olarak Influencerların Instagram Kullanım Pratikleri
Authors: Erdoğan Sepetci Nihal , Birsen Haluk
Published: December 2023

İnternetin günlük yaşama dahil olması ve sosyal ağ sitelerinin yaygınlaşması ile çevrimiçi iletişim, yüz yüze iletişim kadar önemli hale gelmiştir. Bireyler sosyal ağlarda yeni bir sosyal kimlik geliştirmekte, bu ortama uygun iletişim biçimleri geliştirmektedir. Sosyal ağların popülerliklerinin artması ve gerçek yaşama etki eden maddi ve manevi sonuçlarının olması gibi etmenlerle faaliyet gösterdiği ağ üzerinde belli bir takipçi kitlesine ulaşmış yeni bir kullanıcı türü ortaya çıkmıştır. Influencer olarak adlandırılan bu kullanıcılar sosyal ağlarda yoğun dijital çaba harcayarak bilgi, düşünce ve deneyimlerini paylaşarak diğer kullanıcıları etkilemeye çalışmaktadır. Influencerların birçoğunun kayda değer bir eğitimi veya sanatsal bir yeteneği olmamasına rağmen sosyal ağlarda ulaştıkları takipçisi sayısı ve maddi kazanç göz önünde bulundurulduğunda başarılı bir izlenim yönetimi gerçekleştirdikleri düşünülmektedir. Influencerların bu başarıyı hangi Instagram kullanım pratikleri ile elde ettikleri bu araştırmanın temel problemini oluşturmaktadır. Araştırmada influencerların Instagram platformunu kullanım pratikleri, profil sayfalarında ve içeriklerinde hangi ögelerin yer aldığı metin analizi yöntemiyle incelenmektedir. Yapılan analiz sonucunda influencerların Instagram platformunun teknik özelliklerinin ve takipçi kitlesinin farkında olarak paylaşım yaptıkları, profillerinde dengeli bir içerik paylaşımı olduğu, çoğunlukla filtreli görüntüler paylaştığı, samimi bir yazı dili kullandıkları, her zaman pozitif mesajlar verdiği ve takipçilerinin tepkisinin çekecek konularda paylaşım yapmadıkları tespit edilmiştir.
Determinação da área mínima para viabilizar sistemas extensivos de produção de bezerros com diferentes taxas de desmame no Rio Grande do Sul
Authors: Dallanóra Maria Eduarda Cocco , Vaz Fabiano Nunes , Boscardin Mariele , Da Fontoura Júnior José Acélio Silveira
Published: December 2023

A produção de bezerros é a base da pecuária de corte, e esta é de muita importância na economia de um país como o Brasil. Desta forma, os conceitos gerenciais se tornam essenciais aos produtores, especialmente a gestão dos custos e determinação do ponto de equilíbrio, que permite conhecer a viabilidade de cada sistema de produção. Assim, o objetivo desta pesquisa foi estabelecer uma área mínima de pasto necessária para viabilizar sistemas tradicionais de produção de bezerros no Rio Grande do Sul, para diferentes taxas de desmame. A partir da coleta e tabulação dos dados para a apuração dos custos, o sistema produtivo foi dividido em três fases: 1ªF – do início do acasalamento até o diagnóstico de gestação; 2ªF – diagnóstico de gestação até o parto e; 3ªF - do parto até o desmame do bezerro. A partir da análise de custos foi calculado o ponto de equilíbrio, ou seja, a área mínima, considerando as taxas de desmame de 55, 65, 75 e 85%. Os resultados permitiram concluir que a opção pela manutenção das fêmeas que não conceberam e recuperam peso pós-desmama, reduz as diferenças de custos entre as quatro taxas de desmama simuladas nesta pesquisa. A área necessária para compensar a baixa eficiência da pecuária de cria com taxa de desmame de 55% foi de 113,0 hectares. Sendo que em sistemas considerados de maior eficiência (taxa de desmame de 85%) a área mínima necessária reduz para 50,0 hectares. O método de cálculo da área mínima mostrado neste trabalho se torna importante para os produtores planejarem seus sistemas de produção, atualizando os valores em função da variação do preço dos insumos.
A análise de erros baseada em evidências como estratégia de apoio na promoção da aprendizagem matemática
Authors: Da Penha Rodolfo Sena , Andrade Wendel Melo , de Lira Jorge Herbert Soares , Dos Santos Maria José Costa
Published: December 2023

O desempenho escolar dos alunos costuma ser associado ao conceito de notas, que, por sua vez, está relacionado ao não cumprimento de padrões estabelecidos nas respostas corretas de questões e testes que compõem as diversas avaliações de aprendizagem que, por conseguinte revelam baixos índices de proficiência, em particular, na matemática. Desse modo, esse trabalho apresenta um estudo acerca da análise do erro como ferramenta didático-pedagógica no processo de ensino, e a necessidade de compreender os erros cometidos pelos alunos de modo a entender suas lacunas de aprendizagem. Como objetivo, propomos estudar sobre a análise do erro baseado em evidências de resultados de atividades e avaliações e seu potencial didático-pedagógico na promoção da aprendizagem matemática.  Metodologicamente procedemos com uma pesquisa bibliográfica na qual realizamos um estudo em obras de autores que abordam a temática do erro como Radatz (1979, 1980), Borasi (1987), Confrey (2006), Cury (2007) e outros. Os resultados do estudo apontam que à análise de erro baseadas nas evidências dos resultados de avaliações e atividades de sala de aula configura-se como uma estratégia que pode trazer importantes contribuições no fazer pedagógico, uma vez que ajuda o professor a entender as dificuldades dos alunos possibilitando com isso uma mudança de postura docente que se encaminhe para um efetivo alcance dos objetivos de aprendizagem.
Incubadoras de empresas da Universidade de São Paulo: técnicas e padrões de ensino e aprendizagem para o desenvolvimento de startups
Authors: Carneiro Vinicius Leal , Barlach Lisete
Published: December 2023

Este estudo busca compreender quais são as metodologias de ensino e aprendizagem para o desenvolvimento de startups em ambientes de inovação conhecidos como incubadoras, instalados na Universidade de São Paulo. Além disso, busca analisar semelhanças na utilização e aplicação dessas técnicas em incubadoras de diferentes segmentos. Para tal, utilizou-se como método de investigação científica o estudo de casos múltiplos que possibilita a investigação de um fenômeno real em ambientes de inovação, com diversas fontes de evidências que permitem a reflexão, construção e ampliação do conhecimento.
MICRORGANISMOS HALOTOLERANTES: ESTRATÉGIAS PARA MITIGAÇÃO DO ESTRESSE SALINO NA AGRICULTURA
Authors: Gonçalves Dalila da Costa , Ribeiro Wilian Rodrigues , Cabral Serli de Oliveira , Dian Vanessa Sessa , Paula Pedro Henrique de , Anjos Breno Benvindo dos , Alves Fabio Ramos , Moraes Willian Bucker , Maciel Laiane Silva , Xavier André da Silva
Published: December 2023

A salinização do solo, uma das tensões abióticas mais prejudiciais da agricultura, compromete significativamente a produtividade e o rendimento das culturas. Neste contexto, a busca por abordagens inovadoras que visem mitigar os efeitos nocivos da salinidade torna-se essencial para a sustentabilidade agrícola. Os microrganismos promotores do crescimento das plantas surgem como aliados promissores na mitigação destes impactos, ao mesmo tempo que a compreensão dos mecanismos adaptativos das plantas ao stress salino é essencial para direcionar estratégias eficazes. Este artigo científico explora o papel específico dos microrganismos halotolerantes na promoção da agricultura sustentável em ambientes salinos. Enfatiza as interações benéficas entre microrganismos halotolerantes e plantas cultivadas, examinando seus efeitos na promoção do crescimento, na resistência ao estresse ambiental e na melhoria da eficiência dos nutrientes. O estudo também destaca as adaptações fisiológicas e bioquímicas desses microrganismos para sobreviver em ambientes salinos. A manipulação controlada destes microrganismos surge como uma estratégia promissora no desenvolvimento de soluções sustentáveis para a agricultura em ambientes salinos, apontando para uma forma eficaz de superar os desafios impostos pela salinidade do solo.
The Influence of Geometric Configurations: Exploring Hexagonal and Triangular Cycles in Social Graphs
Authors: Bhat Chaitra , Bannur Charvi , Guntunur Shria , Saxena Shubangi , Das Bhaskarjyoti
Published: December 2023

The prioritization of substructure analysis in diverse multi-feature network studies remains an ongoing and crucial challenge. The significance of triangles is deeply rooted in engineering and architecture, exemplified by structures such as bridges and pyramids, which symbolize strength and stability. Similarly, hexagons hold considerable importance in the realm of organic chemistry. In light of these observations, we intend to investigate the pertinence of these geometric configurations and propose innovative experimental approaches to assess the strength in diverse social network graphs. By doing so, we aim to enhance the algorithm’s overall credibility and contribute to the advancement of this field. This study has provided substantial evidence demonstrating that hexagonal cycles exert a significantly greater influence on the strength of social networks, with triangular cycles following closely behind.
Machine Learning Approaches Intrusion for Improving Network-Based Detection System
Authors: E Seethal Prince , M Mahesh K
Published: December 2023

The field of network security has gained paramount importance in response to the ever-growing advancements in internet and communication technologies. With the aim of safeguarding the integrity of networks and their components in the digital realm, a suite of tools including firewalls, antivirus software, and intrusion detection systems (IDS) has been deployed. Among these, network-based intrusion detection systems (NIDS) hold a pivotal role by continuously monitoring network traffic for any signs of malicious or suspicious activities. However, the relentless pace of technological progress in the past decade has led to the expansion of larger, more complex networks supporting a multitude of applications, thereby creating significant challenges in maintaining data and network node security. The existing IDSs have revealed their limitations in detecting various forms of attacks, including zero-day attacks, and mitigating false alarm rates (FAR). Consequently, the demand for cost-effective, precise, and efficient NIDS solutions is on the rise to fortify network security
Hospital-acquired pressure injuries and factors affecting their development: multicentre study
Authors: Febré-Vergara Naldy , Mondaca-Gómez Katherine , Cartagena-Ramos Denisse , Méndez-Celis Paula , Muñoz-Cáceres Viviana , Chepo-Chepo Macarena
Published: December 2023

Introduction: hospital-acquired pressure ulcers (HAPU) represent a significant public health challenge. Understanding their main characteristics and related factors is essential for effective prevention. This article aims to analyse the main characteristics of HAPUs in four high-complexity hospital centres in Chile.Methods: secondary, analytical observational study. The sample (n=1000) included paediatric and adult patients. The study variables were the presence of HAPU, age, sex, dermatitis, risk of HAPU, change of position, pressure relief surface, immobilisation and speed of onset. Measurement of variables included physical examination and chart review. Descriptive statistics and multivariate logistic regression models were performed, accepting 95%CI, p<0,05.Results: a crude prevalence of 18,7 % was estimated. Most patients with HAPU were male (56,1 %), aged 18-59 years (39,6 %) and 60-80 years (39,0 %). On average, ten days elapsed from patient admission to the development of HAPU The most common stage was stage I (50 %), and the sacral region was the most frequent site of occurrence (30,1 %). The factor with the strongest association with having HAPU was having a high ulceration risk classification (OR 2,6, 95%CI1,5-4,4).Conclusions: this is the first study in Chile that showed the characterization of HAPU in a relevant sample of hospitalized patients. The relevant representative aspects for monitoring and preventing HAPU as its prevalence, location and factors associated with its appearance
Loss of sensation and trophic lesions in the feet of people with type 2 diabetes mellitus
Authors: Pucheta-Xolo Gabriela , Tegoma-Ruiz Víctor Manuel , Sánchez-Hernández José Roberto , Santiago-Mijangos Alma Delia , Chiu-Cruz Yun Sem
Published: December 2023

Introduction: diabetic foot is one of the most common complications in patients with diabetes, and early diagnosis is crucial to carry out therapeutic interventions that prevent its progression to advanced or irreversible stages that generate changes in people's quality of life.Objective: identify the loss of protective sensitivity and trophic lesions in the feet of people living with type 2 diabetes mellitus treated at a health center in the Tuxtlas region, Veracruz.Methods: descriptive and cross-sectional study. The sampling was non-probabilistic for convenience in which 91 people participated. Information was collected on personal data, clinical data on podiatric characteristics, loss of foot protective sensitivity and presence of trophic lesions. Descriptive analysis was used in the SPSS statistical package.Results: the average age was 52,59 years with a greater predominance in the group of 50 to 59 years. The foot disorders that occurred were calluses (65,9 %), onychomycosis (65,9 %) and pain (56 %). Regarding the quantification of trophic lesions, 13,2 % presented some degree of injury and 60,5 % presented loss of protective sensitivity in at least one of the six points evaluated in the lower limbs.Conclusions: In the present study, a low prevalence of trophic lesions was identified according to the Wagner scale, but a high prevalence of neuropathy defined by monofilament; in addition, there are podiatric characteristics that can favor the presence of ulcers such as dermal and morphological alterations of the participants
PLATFORM ÇALIŞMASI VE EMEĞİN ARTAN GÜVENCESİZLİĞİ
Authors: BAKIN Ali
Published: December 2023

Platform çalışması günümüzde yaygınlaşmaya başlayan standart dışı yeni bir çalışma şeklidir. Sermayenin birikim krizine karşı geliştirdiği bir strateji olan platform çalışması, üçlü bir yapıyı içermektedir. Bu yapıda geleneksel çalışma ilişkilerindeki işçi, işveren ve işyeri kavramları yerlerini platform çalışanı, müşteri ve platform kavramlarına bırakmaktadır. Neoliberal esneklik ve kuralsızlaştırma politikaların bir uzantısı olarak değerlendirebileceğimiz platform çalışmasında, platformlar kendisini bir teknolojik aracı olarak tanımlamakta ve işçilerini kendi hesabına çalışan ya da bağımsız yüklenici olarak sınıflandırmaktadır. Esnek çalışma süreleri, öngörülemeyen gelir akışı, örgütlenme zorlukları ve sosyal koruma eksikliği ile platform çalışmasında işçiler güvencesizleştirilmektedir.
DIELECTRICS ELECTRICAL STRENGTH
Authors:   Yessenov University, Zhazylbayeva Nurgul
Published: December 2023

Abstract. In human life, even in practice, solids play an important role. Metals, dielectrics, electrical engineering, semiconductors, electrons, magnets, conductors lying close to each other are all solids. It can be argued that the basis for the foundation of scientific and technological progress is a solid body. But in their study, not only practical activity mattered. For its subsystems of development, solid state physics has opened a scientific path to understanding the properties of importance. all materials used in engineering are divided into three groups: conductors, semiconductors and dielectrics. These materials differ in the magnitude of electrical resistance, the nature of its changes during heating and the type of conductivity.The electrical resistivity of the conductors is in the range of 10-6 + 10-3 oms • cm and is used as a material with a small intermediate electrical resistance for resistance elements, heating elements, contacts, etc. for conducting constant and rotational currents. Electrical resistivity of semiconductors 10-3+10+10 Om* is within cm and decreases when heated. They are used for rectification, amplification, conversion of various types of energy into electricity. Electrical resistivity of dielectrics 10+10+10+18 Oms* are within cm, they are used as insulators. The conductivity of solids is determined primarily by the electronic structure. In solids, as a result of the interaction of the electromagnetic field of atoms, energy electronic sublevels are classified with the formation of an energy zone [1]. With the transition to a higher energy, the width of the zone of permissible sublevels increases, and the zones intersect. When approaching the distance between atoms Forbidden energy zones even disappear. The density of the zones filled with electrons and their crosslinking determine the electrical conductivity of solids. Keywords: dielectric, composition, automation, electronics, radio engineering, aerospace, rocket, electrical, conductor.
The influence of the filtration coefficient on the formation of cracks in the bed
Authors:   Yessenov University, Bissembayeva Karlygash , Koishina Akmaral ,   Yessenov University
Published: December 2023

Annotation. As the practice of developing hydrocarbon deposits has shown, when extracting oil from multilayer deposits, as a result of numerous hydrodynamic and geological-geophysical studies, separate sections of formations with a more homogeneous structure are identified. In most cases, such formations, as the results of the analysis of the state of development of deposits show, turn out to have sufficiently low filtration and capacitance properties (porosity and permeability), while increasing the volume of hard-to-recover oil reserves. This circumstance of deposits worsens the state of the degree of efficiency of extraction of hydrocarbon reserves from multilayer deposits. In this regard, in order to increase the efficiency of the oil field development process, various measures aimed at intensifying the extraction process from unproductive intervals-formations are very often used in practice. One of the active methods that allow the most complete displacement of oil from the productive reservoir is hydraulic fracturing.Currently, in many oil fields, in order to increase the flow rate of the well, hydraulic fracturing (FRACKING) in various combinations has been actively carried out recently by using both filtered and unfiltered liquids. In this regard, the greatest practical interest is the solution of the problem associated with the establishment of the effect of liquid filtration on the size of the crack opening formed during hydraulic fracturing. The article discusses one of the most common methods of increasing the productivity of wells that open low–permeability reservoirs - hydraulic fracturing (FRACKING). The paper investigates the effect of the liquid filtration coefficient on the width of cracks that are formed during hydraulic fracturing. Formulas for determining the width of cracks in the filter fluid are obtained. The results obtained show that liquid filtration has a significant effect on the width of the horizontal crack opening. Keywords. Borehole, filtration, pressure gradient, permeability, crack, hydraulic fracturing, crack width, crack length, collector.
KAZAKHSTAN'S MODEL OF THE FORMATION OF A MULTIETHNIC AND MULTI-CONFESSIONAL SOCIETY: DESCRIPTIVE ANALYSIS
Authors:   Yessenov University, TOKBAYEVA L
Published: December 2023

Abstract. Interethnic relations in the multinational Kazakh country have become a decisive factor in sustainable and democratic development, an objective prerequisite for national security and the basic basis of the state's foreign policy activities. Our country is the most steadily developing State in the region. Kazakhstan is a reliable and authoritative partner state for countries with friendly intentions. The main values of the State are ensuring freedom and equal rights of people regardless of their ethnic origin and religious beliefs. The creation of the Assembly of People of Kazakhstan indicates that the national policy has actually reached the institutional level. The Assembly of People of Kazakhstan as a social institution forms effective mechanisms for the harmonization of interethnic relations and lays a new qualitatively new foundation. The essence of this innovation was to establish mutual partnerships between State policy and public associations in strengthening interethnic and interreligious harmony. This is a unique phenomenon in the history of modern civilization. Thus, the Assembly of People of Kazakhstan is a synthesis of state policy and public organizations in strengthening social harmony and tolerance of civil society. The main milestones of the 20-year period of the formation and development of the APK as a socio-political institution regulating the sphere of interethnic relations, the study of the main value of national unity – tolerance of the people of Kazakhstan - is a very topical issue and determines the relevance of the work. There remain studies, conclusions and scientific opinions of foreign and domestic historians, political scientists devoted to ethnopolitical processes. The article examines historical, political events and interethnic relations from the point of view of objective reality and differentiates in accordance with the requirements of country interests. The research work uses the principles of system-structural theory, accurate analysis, methods of generalization, comparison, systematization, logical, statistical analysis from historical data and documents. In addition, the article examines historical, political events and interethnic relations from the point of view of objective reality and differentiates in accordance with the requirements of country interests. Based on the analysis of the experience of the twenty-year history of the development of the Assembly of People of Kazakhstan, the Institute of Social Harmony and National Policy was studied as a socio-political institute for the coordination of interethnic relations, the main core of which is the ethnopolitics of the Republic of Kazakhstan. Keywords: ethnos; multinational; demographic situation; ethnic structure; interethnic; interreligious denomination; migration; social harmony.
KEY ISSUES IN USING MEDIATION IN DISPUTES RESOLUTION
Authors:   Yessenov University, Kobegenova Gulmira
Published: December 2023

Absract. The article discusses the development of one of the alternative ways to resolve disputes in court cases in the Republic of Kazakhstan - mediation. Through mediation, the disputing parties can come to a mutually acceptable solution with the participation of a third neutral mediator. In the course of writing the article, a deep review of the scientific, theoretical and methodological works of many foreign and domestic scientists on this topic was made, and the features of mediation as an institution were analyzed. In addition, when writing this work, the author used general scientific methods used in scientific analysis: systematization, comparison and content analysis. The history of mediation as a means of resolving disputes begins with the emergence of disputes themselves. Third party dispute resolution was widely used in ancient China, Japan, Jordan, Malaysia and Latin America. But with the development of the judicial institution and laws, this method was gradually forgotten. Only since the 1980s has the institution of mediation been revived in the United States and has become the preferred method of resolving many disputes. Thus, at present, mediation is widely used in many countries as one of the alternative ways of conducting court cases.And the development of mediation in Kazakhstan began after the adoption of a special law in 2011, the legal framework was approved, and the problem of expanding the scope of its application in society was raised. Centers such as "Dostasu" have been created, which train special mediators. In this paper, the author compared the development of the institution of mediation in Kazakhstan with foreign experience. In addition, the author analyzed the advantages and disadvantages, as well as the features of the organization of mediation in the Republic of Kazakhstan. In addition, the author noted the problems that hinder the expansion of the scope of mediation. Among them, the lack of information about the institution of mediation, the distrust of the population and, at the same time, the lack of professional mediators are the main limiting factors in the development of mediation. At the end of the article, according to the author, the ways of solving these problems are also presented, opening the way for the development of the institution of mediation. Key words: Mediation, mediator, alternative dispute resolution methods, court, conflict resolution, mediation, intermediary, conflict, neutrality.
THE ROLE OF INFORMATION IT TECHNOLOGY IN ACTIVATING THE ANTI-CORRUPTION POTENTIAL OF CIVIL SOCIETY
Authors:   Yessenov University, Izturganova Gulnar Kosshykyzy
Published: December 2023

Abstract. The problem of corruption has recently acquired a huge and well-founded relevance. It is indisputable that the democratic institutions established in the Republic of Kazakhstan are incompatible with the facts of corruption, the problems arising from them that threaten the sustainable and safe development of society. Accordingly, the democratic transformations implemented in Kazakhstan are impossible without a system that functions effectively in the fight at all levels against all manifestations of corruption. A successful anticorruption policy is impossible without fundamental shifts in public, group and individual consciousness, without serious positive corrections in the rules of behavior not only of target groups such as civil servants, but also of citizens themselves. The problem of this project is not only how to involve civil society in constructive anticorruption activities, but also how to unite the efforts of all individuals and organizations in forming an anti-corruption coalition of civil society and partnerships with authorities. The study emphasizes that the state power, having the greatest resources to counter corruption in comparison with its other elements, should create more favorable conditions for the openness and accountability of itsinstitutions to society. The project describes the main technologies aimed at activating the anticorruption potential of civil society in the field of combating corruption. The potential of the phenomenon of corruption is also reflected, its main characteristics are highlighted, the author's definition of the concept of "corruption potential" is proposed. Reproduction, dynamics and subjects of corruption potential are analyzed. Special attention is paid to the analysis of the practice of using IT technology, as well as scientific and methodological methods of investigating corruption potential. Key words: corruption, civil society, digitalization, state, information technology, anticorruption policy, IT technology, monitoring, statistics, analysis, statistics, potential, activation.
ANALYSIS OF THE OPERATION OF WELLS IN THE FOUNTAIN MODE
Authors:   Yessenov University, Zakenov Sembigali , Zakenova Amina ,   Satbayev University
Published: December 2023

Abstract. Despite the intensive development of low-viscosity oil, which is quite easily extracted from world deposits, the content of high-viscosity oil and bitumen processed in a small direction is continuously developing at a high pace on the world stage. Due to the increased demand for hydrocarbon raw materials, the economy leads to the widespread use of thermal methods of efficient extraction of high-viscosity oil. For a long time it was believed that thermal methods have no prospects due to high energy consumption. In the late 50s-early 60s of the last century, the views of oilmen on the impact of the reservoir by thermal methods began to change for the better. In addition, according to the indicators of cyclic steam and thermal treatment of formations, for every 2-3 tons of water vapor injected into the bottom-hole zone of the formation, it is additionally possible to obtain 1 ton of oil. Due to the lag in the development of the Karazhanbas field by objects of thermal impact, wells after their commissioning work for a long time in the natural mode, i.e. the areas of the deposit were operated in the depletion mode. Such development of the deposit was not provided for by the current technological scheme for the development of the Karazhanbas field by thermal methods and is due to the need to implement the plan for oil production in conditions of chronic lag in the development of fields for active thermal effects on formations. Considering that this lag has already been maintained for quite a long time, it is relevant to conduct an analysis of the operation of wells in the natural mode. The significant field material of the operation of producing wells in the natural mode is summarized. Keywords: development, operation, well, oil, steam-thermal effect, analysis, complications, waterlogging, formation.
PROBLEMS OF LEGAL REGULATION OF MIGRATION RELATIONS IN THE REPUBLIC OF KAZAKHSTAN
Authors:   Yessenov University, Auyeshova Bagdat Tlectesovna
Published: December 2023

Abstract. The article examines the totality of public relations that have a legal impact on the part of the state. The analysis of patterns and trends in the development of the mechanism of legal regulation of migration of legal relations that ensure the functioning of the migration system of society, as well as the directions of migration policy and security of public authorities. This article reveals the theoretical and practical problems of the state, and differentiates the legal regulation of migration relations. Currently, all countries, one way or another, face migration problems. Migration flows around the world are changing in the direction of an active increase. One of the urgent issues is ensuring the rights of the fight against migration, improving the migration regulation of relations. According to the author, the problems of migration relations can be attributed to the problems of global humanity. The article presents a general description of the migration situation in the Republic of Kazakhstan. It is concluded that the Republic will become a major transit and migration hub. According to the migration policy, internal challenges, demographic imbalances, an imbalance in labor productivity, as well as the growth of illegal migration are differentiated. With the use of foreign information, the formation of diasporas and associations on an ethnic and other basis is differentiated. Keywords: migration, illegal migration, labor migrants, migration, population activity, challenges and threats
CRIME PREVENTION: CONCEPT AND TYPES
Authors:   Yessenov University, Duissova Akkanym Mindygalievna
Published: December 2023

Abstract. The article deals with theoretical questions about the concept and prevention of crime. Topical issues of identifying, eliminating and neutralizing the causes of crime. The issues of detection and elimination of situations that motivate and provoke the commission of crimes are disclosed. The groups of increased criminal risk and reduction of this risk are described in order to adjust the impact on these persons who may commit a crime. Special attention is paid to the multilevel system of preventive measures, which identifies three types of general, special and individual. Each of them is disclosed with examples, processes of determination and causality of criminality and neutralization of negative phenomena. The focus is on the general preventive impact, which includes measures to improve health and create decent conditions for the formation and life of a person. The tasks of carrying out general preventive actions requiring significant investments in the sphere of social security, education and healthcare are described. As the author describes, these are measures related to the fight against inequality, poverty and discrimination. The issue has been carefully considered and another type of warning is a special warning aimed at influencing the processes of determination and causality of crime, which relate to individual groups, objects of encroachment or a specific person. This is a social process, the content of which is the regulation of people's behavior or social relations in order to eliminate various negative aspects that can cause the commission of crimes. The article describes the specific tasks of this prevention. Special prevention may also include not only the impact on a potential offender, but also victimological prevention. The description of the third type of prevention is presented as an individual warning, prevention, i.e. the impact directed at the personality, its negative traits and the environment that forms this personality. The concept of prevention includes early, immediate and relapse prevention. The article also reveals the issues of predictive methods that allow you to make predictions about the time and place in which the risk of committing a crime is high. But forecasts are not always real, since a computer program does not really know what will happen in the future, machines cannot yet replace people and forecasts do not necessarily automatically lead to a significant decrease in the crime rate, this is the author's opinion. Keywords: Crime prevention, prevention, general preventive impact, special warning, individual warning, situational warning, victimology, prognostic methods, latency.