bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Pan‐TRK immunohistochemistry in gynaecological mesenchymal tumours: diagnostic implications and pitfalls
Authors: Moura Madalena Souto , Costa João , Velasco Valérie , Kommoss Felix , Oliva Esther , Le Loarer Francois , McCluggage W Glenn , Razack Rubina , Treilleux Isabelle , Mills Anne , Longacre Teri , Devouassoux‐Shisheboran Mojgan , Hostein Isabelle , Azmani Rihab , Blanchard Larry , Hartog Cécile , Soubeyran Isabelle , Khalifa Emmanuel , Croce Sabrina
Published: November 2023

Aims

NTRK‐rearranged sarcomas of the female genital tract mainly occur in the uterus (more commonly cervix than corpus) and are characterized by a “fibrosarcoma‐like” morphology and NTRK gene rearrangements. These neoplasms may exhibit histological overlap with other entities and can present diagnostic difficulties without molecular confirmation. Pan‐TRK immunohistochemistry was developed to identify tumours harbouring NTRK rearrangements. The aim of this study was to characterize pan‐TRK immunohistochemical expression in a large cohort of gynaecological mesenchymal neoplasms and investigate the utility of pan‐TRK immunohistochemistry to distinguish NTRK‐rearranged sarcoma from its mimics.

Methods and results

A total of 473 gynaecological mesenchymal tumours (461 without known NTRK fusions and 12 NTRK‐rearranged sarcomas) were selected. Pan‐TRK immunohistochemistry (EPR17341, Abcam) was performed on whole tissue sections and tissue microarrays. Molecular interrogation of pan‐TRK positive tumours was performed by RNA sequencing or fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH). Of the 12 NTRK‐rearranged sarcomas, 11 (92%) exhibited diffuse (≥70%) cytoplasmic pan‐TRK staining with moderate/marked intensity, while the other was negative. Eleven (2.4%) additional tumours also exhibited pan‐TRK immunohistochemical expression: three low‐grade endometrial stromal sarcomas, seven high‐grade endometrial stromal sarcomas, and an undifferentiated uterine sarcoma. Molecular confirmation of the absence of NTRK rearrangements was possible in nine of these tumours. Of these nine neoplasms, seven exhibited focal/multifocal (<70%) pan‐TRK cytoplasmic staining with weak/moderate intensity.

Conclusion

Even though pan‐TRK immunohistochemical expression is not entirely sensitive or specific for NTRK‐rearranged sarcomas, these neoplasms tend to exhibit diffuse staining of moderate/strong intensity, unlike its mimics. Pan‐TRK should be performed in monomorphic uterine (corpus and cervix) spindle cell neoplasms that are negative for smooth muscle markers and hormone receptors and positive for CD34 and/ or S100. Ultimately, the diagnosis requires molecular confirmation.
Clinicopathological and molecular features of renal cell carcinomas with haemangioblastoma‐like features distinct from clear cell renal cell carcinoma
Authors: Kojima Fumiyoshi , Matsuzaki Ibu , Musangile Fidele Yambayamba , Kinoshita Yuichi , Otani Toshinori , Abe Kuniko , Asai Akihiro , Kohjimoto Yasuo , Kondo Tetsuo , Hara Isao , Murata Shin‐Ichi
Published: November 2023

Aims

Haemangioblastomas arise in the central nervous system. Rarely, haemangioblastomas may develop in extra‐neural sites, such as the kidneys. A few reported cases of renal cell carcinomas (RCCs) with haemangioblastoma‐like features have exhibited both clear cell renal cell carcinoma (CCRCC)‐ and haemangioblastoma‐like components. The clinicopathological and molecular characteristics of RCCs with haemangioblastoma‐like features were analysed, focusing on VHL alterations, in comparison with CCRCCs partially resembling haemangioblastoma.

Methods and Results

Four RCCs with haemangioblastoma‐like features and five CCRCCs partially resembling haemangioblastoma were included. The RCCs with haemangioblastoma‐like features were indolent and lacked adverse prognostic factors. All RCCs with haemangioblastoma‐like features had a well‐circumscribed appearance and a thick fibromuscular capsule, with fibromuscular bundles extending into the tumour to varying degrees in the three tumours. Each RCC with haemangioblastoma‐like features exhibited CCRCC‐like areas with indistinct tubular structures and foci of haemangioblastoma‐like areas, in which vessels and short spindle cells overwhelmed tumour cells. Whereas haemangioblastoma‐like areas in the CCRCCs partially resembling haemangioblastoma exhibited sparse vessels and spindle cells and distinct clear cells. The RCCs with haemangioblastoma‐like features exhibited a unique immunohistochemical profile, with positive staining for inhibin‐α, S100, carbonic‐anhydrase‐9, keratin7, and high molecular weight keratin and negative staining for (alpha‐methylacyl‐CoA racemase) AMACR. RCC with haemangioblastoma‐like features did not display any VHL alterations, including VHL mutation, 3p LOH, and methylation of the VHL promoter region, and the two tumours harboured a likely oncogenic missense variant of MTOR (c.7280T>G).

Conclusion

The histopathological, immunohistochemical, and molecular findings suggest that RCC with haemangioblastoma‐like features is a distinct entity from CCRCC.
Can immature stages be ignored in studies of forest leaf litter arthropod diversity? A test using Oxford Nanopore DNA barcoding
Authors: Fikáček Martin , Hu Fang‐Shuo , Le My‐Hanh , Huang Jen‐Pan
Published: November 2023

Forest soil and leaf litter support diverse arthropod mesofauna for which diversity dynamics is challenging to study due to the high number of species and specimens, small body size and limited taxonomic knowledge.

Immature stages (larvae) are even harder to identify than adults, as their morphology is largely unknown. Therefore, larvae are often ignored, even though they may form a substantial proportion of specimens collected, are less mobile than adults and their exclusion may provide an incomplete diversity profile.

Here, we use Oxford Nanopore DNA barcoding to investigate whether the inclusion of larvae provides a more complete taxonomic, phylogenetic and functional diversity profiles in leaf litter beetles (Coleoptera) from a subtropical forest in Taiwan.

Our results indicate that larvae represent up to 38% of beetle specimens per sample, but most of them belong to 2–3 common species. Larvae of most beetle species are rarely collected repeatedly or in multiple specimens, possibly due to special habitat requirements or high seasonality.

Taxonomic, phylogenetic and incidence‐based functional diversity measures were not affected by the exclusion of larvae in the Staphylinidae dataset but were strongly biased in all‐beetle dataset, especially when only common or abundant species were considered. Taxonomic beta diversity was not affected by the omission of larvae.

Our results indicate that immature stages may be omitted in ecological studies of arthropods in case both adults and larvae co‐occur in the same habitat, and the sites are sampled repeatedly. Caution is needed (1) in groups in which larvae and adults do not inhabit the same environment or strongly differ in biology, (2) when rare species are omitted or (3) when functional diversity is calculated from abundance data.
Enhancing CPA competencies for internal audit roles
Authors: Vitalis Adam , Boritz J. Efrim , Simeoni Laura
Published: November 2023

This paper summarises survey study results identifying knowledge, skills, and attitudes (competencies) for entry‐level internal audit professionals that could be used to develop a curriculum for chartered professional accountant (CPA)‐bound students to pursue fulfilling careers in internal audit and related management positions under changing competency requirements. We built a survey based on the Institute of Internal Auditor's (IIA's) current Competency Framework, modified by insights from internal audit experts, including a suggestion to include a new information technology category. We then summarise responses from 641 internal audit professionals into a two‐dimensional visualisation highlighting the changes from currently identified competencies to expected changes in skill importance one decade in the future. The results highlight that future internal auditors will need to have a broader set of competencies than simply accounting and finance knowledge. Our future focus provides foundational insights related to the necessary and emerging competencies for academic programme planning, future research and practitioners' training and hiring strategies.
Anti‐factor Xa as the preferred assay to monitor heparin for the treatment of pulmonary embolism
Authors: Zhu Eric , Yuriditsky Eugene , Raco Veronica , Katz Alyson , Papadopoulos John , Horowitz James , Maldonado Thomas , Ahuja Tania
Published: November 2023

Introduction

The mainstay of acute pulmonary embolism (PE) treatment is anticoagulation. Timely anticoagulation correlates with decreased PE‐associated mortality, but the ability to achieve a therapeutic activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT) with unfractionated heparin (UFH) remains limited. Although some institutions have switched to a more accurate and reproducible test to assess for heparin's effectiveness, the anti‐factor Xa (antiXa) assay, data correlating a timely therapeutic antiXa to PE‐associated clinical outcomes remains scarce. We evaluated time to a therapeutic antiXa using intravenous heparin after PE response team (PERT) activation and assessed clinical outcomes including bleeding and recurrent thromboembolic events.

Methods

This was a retrospective cohort study at NYU Langone Health. All adult patients ≥18 years with a confirmed PE started on IV UFH with >2 antiXa levels were included. Patients were excluded if they received thrombolysis or alternative anticoagulation. The primary endpoint was the time to a therapeutic antiXa level of 0.3–0.7 units/mL. Secondary outcomes included recurrent thromboembolism, bleeding and PE‐associated mortality within 3 months.

Results

A total of 330 patients with a PERT consult were identified with 192 patients included. The majority of PEs were classified as sub massive (64.6%) with 87% of patients receiving a bolus of 80 units/kg of UFH prior to starting an infusion at 18 units/kg/hour. The median time to the first therapeutic antiXa was 9.13 hours with 93% of the cohort sustaining therapeutic anticoagulation at 48 hours. Recurrent thromboembolism, bleeding and mortality occurred in 1%, 5% and 6.2%, respectively. Upon univariate analysis, a first antiXa <0.3 units/ml was associated with an increased risk of mortality [27.78% (5/18) vs 8.05% (14/174), p = 0.021].

Conclusion

We observed a low incidence of recurrent thromboembolism or PE‐associated mortality utilizing an antiXa titrated UFH protocol. The use of an antiXa based heparin assay to guide heparin dosing and monitoring allows for timely and sustained therapeutic anticoagulation for treatment of PE.
Fine‐Tuning a Corporate Hedging Portfolio: The Case of an Airline
Authors: Gerner Mathias , Ronn Ehud I.
Published: November 2023

Industrial companies typically face a multitude of risks that could cause significant fluctuations in their cash flow. This is a case study of the hedging strategy adopted by an international air carrier to manage its jet‐fuel price exposure.

The airline's hedging approach uses “strips” of monthly collars constructed with Asian options whose payoffs are based on average of “within‐prompt‐month” oil prices.

Using the carrier's own implicit objective function based on an annual granularity, the authors show how the air carrier could fine‐tune its current hedge portfolio by adding tailored exotic options. The article describes annual average‐price options, provides an explicit valuation of them, and considers how such instruments may affect corporate liquidity. Consistent with its annual objective function, the airline made this exotic derivative the central tool to hedge across all potential realized values of annual jet‐fuel spot prices. The authors believe this modified portfolio is better suited to address the firm's hedging cost and its overall exposure to jet‐fuel price fluctuations.
Roles of peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptors in hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Zhao Yaqin , Tan Huabing , Zhang Xiaoyu , Zhu Jing
Published: November 2023

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), the main pathological type of liver cancer, is linked to risk factors such as viral hepatitis, alcohol intake and non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Recent advances have greatly improved our understanding that NAFLD is playing a major risk factor for HCC. Peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptors (PPARs) are a class of transcription factors divided into three subtypes: PPARα (PPARA), PPARδ/β (PPARD) and PPARγ (PPARG). As important nuclear receptors, PPARs are involved in many physiological processes, and PPARs can improve NAFLD by regulating lipid metabolism, accelerating fatty acid oxidation and inhibiting inflammation. In recent years, some studies have shown that PPARs can participate in the occurrence and development of HCC by regulating metabolic pathways. In addition, PPAR modulators have been reported to inhibit the proliferation and metastasis of HCC cells and can enhance the curative effect of conventional treatments. This article reviews the role of PPARs in the occurrence and development of HCC, as well as its value in the diagnosis, treatment and prognosis of HCC, in order to provide directions for future research.
Amblyceps crassioris, a new sisoroid catfish from Odisha, India (Siluriformes: Amblycipitidae)
Authors: Vijayakrishnan Balaji , Jayasimhan Praveenraj
Published: November 2023

Amblyceps crassioris, a new species of amblycipitid catfish, is described from the Mahanadi River basin in Odisha, India. The new species can be distinguished from its congeners in having a combination of the following characters: a deeply forked caudal fin, centrally projecting hooks on proximal lepidotrichia of median caudal‐fin rays absent, jaws equal in length, lateral line absent, body depth at anus 15.1%–19.5% standard length (SL), caudal peduncle depth 13.0%–18.3% SL, adipose‐fin base length 21.1%–27.1% SL, eye diameter 7.35%–14.1% head length and 38 total vertebrae.
Cryolipolysis: A promising nonsurgical technique for localized fat reduction
Authors: Kania Barbara , Goldberg David J.
Published: November 2023

Background

Cryolipolysis, also known as fat freezing, is a nonsurgical technique specialized for localized fat reduction. Utilizing targeted cold exposure to adipose tissue, cryolipolysis devices induce cellular apoptosis in adipocytes while sparing surrounding tissues, resulting in the selective disruption of fat cells and subsequent removal of damaged cells by macrophages. A reduction of the fat layer produces a noninvasive cosmetic benefit that provides an accessible alternative to liposuction. Objective and subjective measurements have demonstrated significant reduction in fat volume and high patient satisfaction rates. Cryolipolysis has been proven to be safe with minimal adverse effects. However, further research is needed to fully understand the mechanism of cryolipolysis and its efficacy in different treatment areas. This paper aims to provide a comprehensive overview of cryolipolysis, including its mechanism of action, indications, contraindications, adverse effects, results and outcomes, safety profile, and areas requiring further research.

Methods

Our primary phase of literature review consisted of a PubMed search looking for all published literature around cryolipolysis. We employed a review approach that examined over 30 papers with the key search terms of “cryolipolysis,” “fat‐freezing,” “cosmetic dermatology,” “body contouring,” “adverse effects,” “adipocyte apoptosis,” “Coolsculpting®,” “cold panniculitis,” and “localized fat reduction.” We then analyzed each paper, extracting relevant information to gain a multidimensional understanding of cryolipolysis to provide a comprehensive review.

Conclusion

Cryolipolysis, with its ability to target and reduce localized adipose tissue, has emerged as a promising nonsurgical technique in the field of body contouring. It offers patients a valuable option for achieving their desired fat reduction without the need for a lengthy recovery period or major surgery. Cryolipolysis has shown to reduce the number of adipocytes in the treated area, a phenomenon that can be objectively quantified through various means, including fat caliper measurements, ultrasound assessments, and 3D imaging, or subjectively observed through patient satisfaction rates, clinical observations, and investigator assessments. In addition to its effectiveness in reducing localized adipose tissue, cryolipolysis also holds potential in the area of skin tightening. Preliminary studies suggest that cryolipolysis may have a positive impact on skin elasticity and tightening. Further investigation of this mechanism is needed to provide a better understanding of its potential in achieving optimal cosmetic outcomes for patients. By combining the benefits of fat reduction and skin tightening, cryolipolysis has the potential to offer a comprehensive nonsurgical solution for body contouring.
Disease‐modifying antirheumatic drugs and risk of thyroxine‐treated autoimmune thyroid disease in patients with rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: Waldenlind Kristin , Delcoigne Bénédicte , Saevarsdottir Saedis , Askling Johan
Published: November 2023

Background

Autoimmune thyroid disease (AITD) and rheumatoid arthritis (RA) share a genetic background, and the prevalence of AITD in RA patients is increased. Whereas immunomodulatory treatments are used in RA, they are rarely used in AITD.

Objectives

We hypothesized that disease‐modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs) as used in RA might lower the risk of incident AITD.

Methods

A nationwide cohort study including 13,731 patients with new‐onset RA from the Swedish Rheumatology Quality Register 2006–2018 and 63,201 matched general population comparators linked to national registers to identify AITD. We estimated relative risks (hazard ratios) of AITD after RA diagnosis in RA patients compared to the general population, and in relation to DMARD treatment, using Cox regression.

Results

Following RA diagnosis, 321 (2.3%) of the RA patients and 1838 (2.9%) of the population comparators developed AITD, corresponding to an incidence of 3.7 versus 4.6 per 1000 person‐years, hazard ratio, 0.81; 95% CI, 0.72–0.91. The decreased risk of incident AITD among RA patients compared to the general population was most pronounced among biologic DMARD (bDMARD) treated patients, with a hazard ratio of 0.54; 95% CI, 0.39–0.76. Among RA patients, subgrouped by bDMARD use, TNF‐inhibitors were associated with the most pronounced decrease, hazard ratio, 0.67; 95% CI, 0.47–0.96.

Conclusions

In contrast to the increased prevalence of AITD in RA patients at diagnosis, our results indicate that the risk of AITD decreases following RA diagnosis. This decrease is especially pronounced in RA patients treated with bDMARDs. These findings support the hypothesis that DMARDs might have a preventive effect on AITD.
A Psychological Ownership Perspective on the HR System–LGBT Voice Relationship: The Role of Espousal and Enactment of Inclusion Matters
Authors: Lin Yi‐Ting , Chang Jo‐Tieh
Published: November 2023

Voice behaviours of invisible sexual minorities, such as lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender individuals and others whose sexual orientations and/or gender expressions fall outside of heterosexual/cisgender norms (LGBT), have received scant attention in prior research. Based on the psychological ownership (PO) perspective, this study investigates the relationship between the presence of an LGBT‐supportive human resource (HR) system and LGBT employees’ voice. Moreover, grounded in the situational strength and leadership literature, this study examines the boundary conditions of the strength of an LGBT‐supportive HR system and leader inclusiveness within this PO mechanism. Data collected from LGBT employees in three waves reveal that PO can mediate the influence of the presence of an LGBT‐supportive HR system on LGBT voice. Additionally, the strength of an LGBT‐supportive HR system moderates the relationship between its presence and LGBT employees’ PO in the first stage, while leader inclusiveness moderates the PO–voice relationship in the second stage. Overall, the mediating effect of PO is most significant when a strong HR system is aligned with high leader inclusiveness. Theoretical and managerial implications are also discussed.
Carrion converging: Skull shape predicts feeding ecology in vultures
Authors: Steinfield K. R. , Felice R. N. , Kirchner M. E. , Knapp A.
Published: November 2023

The link between skull shape and dietary ecology in birds at macroevolutionary scales has recently been called into question by analyses of 3D shape that reveal that cranial anatomy is mainly influenced by other factors such as allometry. It is still unknown whether this form‐function disconnect also exists at smaller evolutionary scales, for example within specialized ecological guilds. Vultures are a diverse guild of 23 extant species in two families (Accipitridae and Cathartidae) that exhibit evolutionary convergence as a result of highly specialized feeding ecology. Vultures are the only known obligate scavengers among vertebrates and are usually grouped together under this single dietary category, but within this specialized diet there are three distinct, species‐specific feeding strategies termed ripper, gulper, and scrapper. We use three‐dimensional geometric morphometrics to quantify the relative contributions of feeding ecology, allometry, and phylogeny on vulture skull shape, along with several non‐vulture raptors of similar size, range and ecology. Families show clear separation in shape, but phylogenetic signal is comparatively weak (Kmult = 0.33). Taking into account the influence of phylogeny, skull shape is not significantly correlated with either skull size or feeding type, but there are examples of strong, significant convergence and parallel shape evolution across feeding groups. Furthermore, skull shape performs strongly in predicting feeding ecology in a phylogenetic discriminant function analysis. These findings highlight the importance of detailed assessment of feeding behavior in studies of ecomorphology, rather than broader dietary categories alone, and reveal that ecology can be readily inferred from form given appropriate information.
Measuring Teenage Learners’ Automatized, Explicit, and/or Implicit Knowledge: A Question of Context?
Authors: Schurz Alexandra
Published: November 2023

The present study administered six test instruments to 13‐ to 14‐year‐old learners of English in Austria and Sweden (N = 213), countries offering settings with more explicit and implicit learning environments, respectively. Confirmatory Factor Analyses for Austria yielded a factor comprising timed grammaticality judgment tests, an oral narrative test, and elicited imitation, labelled in this study Automatized and/or Implicit Knowledge, and a factor including an untimed grammaticality judgment test and a metalinguistic knowledge test, named in this study Explicit Knowledge. In the Swedish context, goodness‐of‐fit indices provided some evidence that a single‐factor model shows a better fit, although a comparison of this model with two‐factor models did not reach statistical significance. The findings point to the potential importance of considering the specificities of a learning environment in interpreting learner achievement on measures of the implicit versus explicit knowledge spectrum.
Doing leadership differently as resistance: Care‐fully reworking Aotearoa New Zealand's research system
Authors: Cox Bethany , Locke Kirsten , Sharp Emma , Rayne Aisling , Walker Leilani , Steeves Tammy
Published: November 2023

The ‘research system’ in Aotearoa New Zealand is rife with obstacles for entry and retention of diversity. The research system's complexity and longevity gives the impression of stability and fixity, but we argue it is characterised by a lack of imagination around leadership that generates change. In this article, we examine the embodied experiences of research leadership, as encountered by participants at Aotearoa New Zealand's universities and a nationally funded Centre of Research Excellence. It is within such institutions and organisations, built on colonial and patriarchal values, that experiences of marginalisation, oppression and harassment have been documented. We destabilise the apparently static nature of this ‘research system monolith’ by taking up MacLeavy, Fannin and Larner's (2021) provocation of a feminist approach to boldly do leadership differently. Drawing from interviews with researchers, we argue that resistance to, and reworking of, the research system can be found in feminist modes of practice: in the everyday, mundane practices of care‐full research leadership that do leadership differently.
Topical therapy and skin care for transplant‐associated atopic dermatitis in children and adolescents
Authors: Horino Satoshi , Yamaguchi Yuki , Miyabayashi Hiroki , Aki Haruka , Nanjo Yuka , Onuma Masaei , Rikiishi Takeshi , Yabe Hiromasa , Imaizumi Masue , Sato Atsushi , Miura Katsushi
Published: November 2023

Background

New‐onset allergic diseases, such as food allergy or atopic dermatitis, can develop after allogeneic transplantation. There are limited reports of new‐onset atopic dermatitis after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation in children and adolescents, and its treatment is yet to be established. The pathogenesis may differ from typical atopic dermatitis in terms of alloimmunity including graft‐versus‐host disease.

Methods

We present five children and adolescents with new‐onset atopic dermatitis after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. The characteristics and clinical profiles of skin treatment after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation are summarized.

Results

Graft‐versus‐host disease prophylaxis included systemic tacrolimus for all patients. After hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, all patients achieved complete donor chimerism of the bone marrow and had acute graft‐versus‐host disease of the skin. After engraftment, all patients had skin lesions that met the international consensus diagnostic criteria for atopic dermatitis. None of the patients met the diagnostic criteria for chronic graft‐versus‐host disease. Topical therapy and skin care based on atopic dermatitis guidelines improved skin condition and atopic dermatitis severity scores in all patients. In addition, type 2 inflammatory markers improved accordingly.

Conclusion

Topical therapy and skin care may be effective for transplant‐related atopic dermatitis after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. When extensive dermatitis is observed after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, this treatment may avoid excessive immunosuppressive therapy if it meets the diagnostic criteria for atopic dermatitis.
Uncovering the role of substance use in suicide attempts using a mixed‐methods approach
Authors: Diefenbach Gretchen J. , Stubbing Jessica , Rice Tyler B. , Lord Kayla A. , Rudd M. David , Tolin David F.
Published: November 2023

Introduction

Substance use is an established risk factor for suicide attempt. Clarifying the role of substance use in suicide attempts may identify modifiable treatment targets. This study used mixed methods to associate substance use with suicide attempt history and identify pathways through which substance use contributes to attempts.

Methods

Study 1 included 213 adult inpatients (n = 127 with substance use disorder [SUD]), who completed assessments of suicide attempt history as well as demographic and clinical suicide risk factors. Study 2 was a narrative analysis of suicide attempt stories described by 20 inpatients diagnosed with SUD.

Results

In Study 1, patients with co‐occurring alcohol and drug use disorders reported more actual lifetime suicide attempts than did those without SUD. In addition, alcohol and drug use disorders were independently associated with lifetime suicide attempts after controlling for demographic and clinical confounders. In Study 2, substance use played a role in all suicide attempts through at least one pathway before, during, or after a triggering stressor, or as suicide attempt method.

Conclusions

Substances play a role in suicide attempt baseline risk, acute risk and as means. It is important to target chronic and acute substance use in suicide prevention treatment plans.
Effect of a single session of sensorimotor rhythm neurofeedback training on the putting performance of professional golfers
Authors: Wu Jia‐Hao , Chueh Ting‐Yu , Yu Chien‐Lin , Wang Kuo‐Pin , Kao Shih‐Chun , Gentili Rodolphe J. , Hatfield Bradley D. , Hung Tsung‐Min
Published: November 2023

Sensorimotor rhythm (SMR) activity has been associated with automaticity and flow in motor execution. Studies have revealed that neurofeedback training (NFT) of the SMR can improve sports performance; however, few studies have adequately explored the effects of a single session of such NFT or examined the possible mechanisms underlying these effects on sports performance. This study recruited 44 professional golfers to address these gaps in the literature. A crossover design was employed to determine the order of the participation in the NFT and no‐training control conditions. The participants were asked to perform 60 10‐foot putts while electroencephalograms (EEGs) were recorded before and after the tasks. In pre‐and post‐tests, visual analog scales were used to assess the psychological states associated with SMR activities including the levels of attention engagement, conscious motor control, and physical relaxation. The results revealed that a single NFT session effectively increased SMR power and improved putting performance compared with the control condition. The subjective assessments also revealed that the participants reported lower attention engagement, less conscious control of the motor details and were more relaxed in the putting task, suggesting that SMR NFT promoted effortless and quiescent mental states during motor preparation for a putting task. This study aligns with theoretical hypotheses and extends current knowledge by revealing that a single session of SMR NFT can effectively enhance SMR power and improve putting performance in professional golfers. It also provides preliminary evidence of the possible underlying mechanisms that drive the effect of SMR NFT on putting performances.
Degassing of soil gas radon and its implication to fault activity in the western margin of the Ordos Block, China
Authors: Liu Zhaofei , Chen Zhi , Li Ying , Du Peng , Zhao Yuanxin , Lei Lei , Lu Chang , Huangfu Ruilin
Published: November 2023

Soil gas radon (Rn) serves as an effective indicator for assessing fault activity in fault zones. Measurement of Rn degassing at the active faults was conducted twice in 2017 and 2018 to assess fault activity in the western margin of the Ordos block. The concentration and flux values of Rn ranged from 0.41 to 40.93 kBq m−3 and 5.17 to 140.33 mBq m−2 s−1, respectively. The compression of the Tibetan Plateau has led to higher Rn concentration and flux in the southern part compared with the northern part. The fault activity is evaluated by the index of IRn calculated from Rn concentrations. The Haiyuan arcuate tectonic region exhibited the most intensive fault activity, followed by the Yinchuan Basin and Jilantai‐Linhe Basin. These findings enhance our understanding of the relationship between fault activity and Rn emission and provide a significant geochemical reference for the fault activity.
Breakthrough SARS‐CoV‐2 infections among recipients of tixagevimab‐cilgavimab prophylaxis: A citywide real‐world effectiveness study
Authors: Lendacki Frances R. , Li Linda , Forrest Graeme N. , Jordan Leirah , Zelinski Christy , Black Stephanie R. , Ison Michael G. , Seo Jennifer Y.
Published: November 2023

There are limited real‐world data on the effectiveness of tixagevimab‐cilgavimab as pre‐exposure prophylaxis of COVID‐19. We describe lessons learned when coordinating data collection and identifying breakthrough SARS‐CoV‐2 infections among patients across indications and institutions in a major US city. The Chicago Department of Public Health requested patient‐level tixagevimab‐cilgavimab administration data from all prescribing providers in Chicago, for treatments December 8, 2021 through June 30, 2022. Records were matched to COVID‐19 vaccinations and laboratory‐confirmed SARS‐CoV‐2 infections through December 31, 2022. Due to difficulty collecting data from all providers, targeted follow‐up was conducted to improve completeness on key variables (demographics, vaccination status, clinical indication for prophylaxis). Over half of reported tixagevimab‐cilgavimab administrations were to patients residing outside Chicago. Five hundred forty‐four Chicago residents who received at least one dose of tixagevimab‐cilgavimab were included in this analysis. Most were age 50 years or older (72%), Black non‐Latinx (33%) or White non‐Latinx (29%), and fully vaccinated (80%). Seventy‐five patients (14%) had laboratory‐confirmed COVID‐19. Patients with and without breakthrough infections were demographically similar. Clinical indication was missing for >95% of cases, improved to 64% after follow‐up; the most frequently specified was hematologic malignancy (10%). Severe outcomes were uncommon: 16% had documented COVID‐19‐related hospitalizations, one death was identified. Tixagevimab‐cilgavimab recipients in Chicago had a lower rate of severe SARS‐CoV‐2 infection than reported among other untreated high‐risk patients, including during predominance of non‐neutralizing variants. Improving stakeholder collaboration is essential for generation of real‐world effectiveness data, informing pandemic preparedness and optimizing use of medical countermeasures.

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Approach to diagnostic evaluation and prevention of invasive fungal disease in patients prior to allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplant
Authors: O'Keeffe Jessica C. , Singh Nikhil , Slavin Monica A.
Published: November 2023

In recent years, advancements in the treatment landscape for hematological malignancies, such as acute myeloid leukemia and acute lymphoblastic leukemia, have significantly improved disease prognosis and overall survival. However, the treatment landscape is changing and the emergence of targeted oral therapies and immune‐based treatments has brought forth new challenges in evaluating and preventing invasive fungal diseases (IFDs). IFD disproportionately affects immunocompromised hosts, particularly those undergoing therapy for acute leukemia and allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplant. This review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the pretransplant workup, identification, and prevention of IFD in patients with hematological malignancy. The pretransplant period offers a critical window to assess each patient's risk factors and implement appropriate prophylactic measures. Risk assessment includes evaluation of disease, host, prior treatments, and environmental factors, allowing a dynamic evaluation that considers disease progression and treatment course. Diagnostic screening, involving various biomarkers and radiological modalities, plays a crucial role in early detection of IFD. Antifungal prophylaxis choice is based on available evidence as well as individual risk assessment, potential for drug–drug interactions, toxicity, and patient adherence. Therapeutic drug monitoring ensures effective antifungal stewardship and optimal treatment. Patient education and counselling are vital in minimizing environmental exposures to fungal pathogens and promoting medication adherence. A well‐structured and individualized approach, encompassing risk assessment, prophylaxis, surveillance, and patient education, is essential for effectively preventing IFD in hematological malignancies, ultimately leading to improved patient outcomes and overall survival.
Motivic Pontryagin classes and hyperbolic orientations
Authors: Haution Olivier
Published: November 2023

We introduce the notion of hyperbolic orientation of a motivic ring spectrum, which generalises the various existing notions of orientation (by the groups , , , ). We show that hyperbolic orientations of ‐periodic ring spectra correspond to theories of Pontryagin classes, much in the same way that ‐orientations of arbitrary ring spectra correspond to theories of Chern classes. We prove that ‐periodic hyperbolically oriented cohomology theories do not admit further characteristic classes for vector bundles, by computing the cohomology of the étale classifying space . Finally, we construct the universal hyperbolically oriented ‐periodic commutative motivic ring spectrum, an analogue of Voevodsky's cobordism spectrum .
Whisker kinematics in the cerebellum
Authors: Zhai Peipei , Romano Vincenzo , Soggia Giulia , Bauer Staf , van Wingerden Nathalie , Jacobs Thomas , van der Horst Annabel , White Joshua J. , Mazza Roberta , De Zeeuw Chris I.
Published: November 2023

The whisker system is widely used as a model system for understanding sensorimotor integration. Purkinje cells in the crus regions of the cerebellum have been reported to linearly encode whisker midpoint, but it is unknown whether the paramedian and simplex lobules as well as their target neurons in the cerebellar nuclei also encode whisker kinematics and if so which ones. Elucidating how these kinematics are represented throughout the cerebellar hemisphere is essential for understanding how the cerebellum coordinates multiple sensorimotor modalities. Exploring the cerebellar hemisphere of mice using optogenetic stimulation, we found that whisker movements can be elicited by stimulation of Purkinje cells in not only crus1 and crus2, but also in the paramedian lobule and lobule simplex; activation of cells in the medial paramedian lobule had on average the shortest latency, whereas that of cells in lobule simplex elicited similar kinematics as those in crus1 and crus2. During spontaneous whisking behaviour, simple spike activity correlated in general better with velocity than position of the whiskers, but it varied between protraction and retraction as well as per lobule. The cerebellar nuclei neurons targeted by the Purkinje cells showed similar activity patterns characterized by a wide variety of kinematic signals, yet with a dominance for velocity. Taken together, our data indicate that whisker movements are much more prominently and diversely represented in the cerebellar cortex and nuclei than assumed, highlighting the rich repertoire of cerebellar control in the kinematics of movements that can be engaged during coordination.

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Key points

Excitation of Purkinje cells throughout the cerebellar hemispheres induces whisker movement, with the shortest latency and longest duration within the paramedian lobe.

Purkinje cells have differential encoding for the fast and slow components of whisking.

Purkinje cells encode not only the position but also the velocity of whiskers.

Purkinje cells with high sensitivity for whisker velocity are preferentially located in the medial part of lobule simplex, crus1 and lateral paramedian.

In the downstream cerebellar nuclei, neurons with high sensitivity for whisker velocity are located at the intersection between the medial and interposed nucleus.
Elastomeric vitrimers from designer polyhydroxyalkanoates with recyclability and biodegradability
Authors: Cywar Robin M. , Ling Chen , Clarke Ryan W. , Kim Dong Hyun , Kneucker Colin M. , Salvachúa Davinia , Addison Bennett , Hesse Sarah A. , Takacs Christopher J. , Xu Shu , Demirtas Meltem Urgun , Woodworth Sean P. , Rorrer Nicholas A. , Johnson Christopher W. , Tassone Christopher J. , Allen Robert D. , Chen Eugene Y.-X. , Beckham Gregg T.
Published: November 2023

Cross-linked elastomers are stretchable materials that typically are not recyclable or biodegradable. Medium-chain-length polyhydroxyalkanoates (mcl-PHAs) are soft and ductile, making these bio-based polymers good candidates for biodegradable elastomers. Elasticity is commonly imparted by a cross-linked network structure, and covalent adaptable networks have emerged as a solution to prepare recyclable thermosets via triggered rearrangement of dynamic covalent bonds. Here, we develop biodegradable and recyclable elastomers by chemically installing the covalent adaptable network within biologically produced mcl-PHAs. Specifically, an engineered strain of
Pseudomonas putida
was used to produce mcl-PHAs containing pendent terminal alkenes as chemical handles for postfunctionalization. Thiol-ene chemistry was used to incorporate boronic ester (BE) cross-links, resulting in PHA-based vitrimers. mcl-PHAs cross-linked with BE at low density (<6 mole %) affords a soft, elastomeric material that demonstrates thermal reprocessability, biodegradability, and denetworking at end of life. The mechanical properties show potential for applications including adhesives and soft, biodegradable robotics and electronics.
Longitudinal dynamics of the tumor hypoxia response: From enzyme activity to biological phenotype
Authors: Lee Sandy Che-Eun S. , Pyo Andrea Hye An , Koritzinsky Marianne
Published: November 2023

Poor oxygenation (hypoxia) is a common spatially heterogeneous feature of human tumors. Biological responses to tumor hypoxia are orchestrated by the decreased activity of oxygen-dependent enzymes. The affinity of these enzymes for oxygen positions them along a continuum of oxygen sensing that defines their roles in launching reactive and adaptive cellular responses. These responses encompass regulation of all steps in the central dogma, with rapid perturbation of the metabolome and proteome followed by more persistent reprogramming of the transcriptome and epigenome. Core hypoxia response genes and pathways are commonly regulated at multiple inflection points, fine-tuning the dependencies on oxygen concentration and hypoxia duration. Ultimately, shifts in the activity of oxygen-sensing enzymes directly or indirectly endow cells with intrinsic hypoxia tolerance and drive processes that are associated with aggressive phenotypes in cancer including angiogenesis, migration, invasion, immune evasion, epithelial mesenchymal transition, and stemness.
What makes a winner? Symbiont and host dynamics determine Caribbean octocoral resilience to bleaching
Authors: Coffroth Mary Alice , Buccella Louis A. , Eaton Katherine M. , Lasker Howard R. , Gooding Alyssa T. , Franklin Harleena
Published: November 2023

Unlike reef-building, scleractinian corals, Caribbean soft corals (octocorals) have not suffered marked declines in abundance associated with anthropogenic ocean warming. Both octocorals and reef-building scleractinians depend on a nutritional symbiosis with single-celled algae living within their tissues. In both groups, increased ocean temperatures can induce symbiont loss (bleaching) and coral death. Multiple heat waves from 2014 to 2016 resulted in widespread damage to reef ecosystems and provided an opportunity to examine the bleaching response of three Caribbean octocoral species. Symbiont densities declined during the heat waves but recovered quickly, and colony mortality was low. The dominant symbiont genotypes within a host generally did not change, and all colonies hosted symbiont species in the genus
Breviolum.
Their association with thermally tolerant symbionts likely contributes to the octocoral holobiont’s resistance to mortality and the resilience of their symbiont populations. The resistance and resilience of Caribbean octocorals offer clues for the future of coral reefs.
Visual dexterity: In-hand reorientation of novel and complex object shapes
Authors: Chen Tao , Tippur Megha , Wu Siyang , Kumar Vikash , Adelson Edward , Agrawal Pulkit
Published: November 2023

In-hand object reorientation is necessary for performing many dexterous manipulation tasks, such as tool use in less structured environments, which remain beyond the reach of current robots. Prior works built reorientation systems assuming one or many of the following conditions: reorienting only specific objects with simple shapes, limited range of reorientation, slow or quasi-static manipulation, simulation-only results, the need for specialized and costly sensor suites, and other constraints that make the system infeasible for real-world deployment. We present a general object reorientation controller that does not make these assumptions. It uses readings from a single commodity depth camera to dynamically reorient complex and new object shapes by any rotation in real time, with the median reorientation time being close to 7 seconds. The controller was trained using reinforcement learning in simulation and evaluated in the real world on new object shapes not used for training, including the most challenging scenario of reorienting objects held in the air by a downward-facing hand that must counteract gravity during reorientation. Our hardware platform only used open-source components that cost less than 5000 dollars. Although we demonstrate the ability to overcome assumptions in prior work, there is ample scope for improving absolute performance. For instance, the challenging duck-shaped object not used for training was dropped in 56% of the trials. When it was not dropped, our controller reoriented the object within 0.4 radians (23°) 75% of the time.
An RBM10 and NF-κB interacting host lncRNA promotes JEV replication and neuronal cell death
Authors: Tripathi Shraddha , Sengar Suryansh , Shree Bakhya , Mohapatra Stuti , Basu Anirban , Sharma Vivek
Published: November 2023

Infection of the central nervous system by the Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) is characterized by extensive neuronal cell death and neuroinflammation. Several protein-coding genes and microRNAs are implicated in JEV-induced neuronal cell death. However, the global expression patterns and functional contributions of long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) during JEV-induced neuronal cell death have not been explored. Here, we profiled the transcriptome of the JEV-infected neuronal cell line and identified several lncRNAs whose expression is altered during JEV infection. We functionally characterized a lncRNA named
JINR1
(JEV-induced non-coding RNA 1), which is evolutionarily conserved in primates.
JINR1
induction during JEV infection is regulated by nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB). Depletion of
JINR1
during infection reduces flavivirus replication, neuronal cell death, and the expression of genes involved in ER stress and neuroinflammation. Interestingly, GRP78 overexpression prevents the decrease in flavivirus replication due to
JINR1
knockdown.
JINR1
interacts with RBM10 and NF-κB to regulate the transcription of virus
-
induced genes. In addition, RBM10 and
JINR1
form a feed-forward loop to reciprocally promote each other’s expression by regulating NF-κB activity. Our results suggest the role of
JINR1
in promoting flavivirus replication and flavivirus-induced neuronal cell death.

IMPORTANCE

Central nervous system infection by flaviviruses such as Japanese encephalitis virus, Dengue virus, and West Nile virus results in neuroinflammation and neuronal damage. However, little is known about the role of long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) in flavivirus-induced neuroinflammation and neuronal cell death. Here, we characterized the role of a flavivirus-induced lncRNA named
JINR1
during the infection of neuronal cells. Depletion of
JINR1
during virus infection reduces viral replication and cell death. An increase in GRP78 expression by
JINR1
is responsible for promoting virus replication. Flavivirus infection induces the expression of a cellular protein RBM10, which interacts with
JINR1
. RBM10 and JINR1 promote the proinflammatory transcription factor NF-κB activity, which is detrimental to cell survival.