bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Understanding the Complex Adaptive Characteristics of Cross-Regional Emergency Collaboration in China: A Stochastic Evolutionary Game Approach
Authors: Liu Jida , Dong Changqi
Published: February 2024

Regional integration and pairing assistance are two forms of cross-regional emergency collaboration practice carried out by the Chinese government. Based on the Chinese government’s emergency management practice, evolutionary game models of cross-regional emergency collaboration were constructed. Further, the traditional evolutionary game model was improved by introducing the stochastic process, and Gaussian white noise was introduced as a random disturbance. The stochastic evolutionary game model was constructed, and the existence and stability of the equilibrium solutions of the two kinds of stochastic evolutionary game systems for cross-regional emergency collaboration were verified based on the stability discrimination theorem of stochastic differential equations. We used numerical simulations to simulate the evolution trajectories of the regional integration and the pairing assistance stochastic evolutionary game system. In the regional integration game system, when the efficiency of emergency collaboration, the emergency capital stock, and the externality coefficients are higher, positive emergency strategies are more likely to become the stable state of the game subjects’ strategy selection. In the pairing assistance game system, the efficiency of emergency collaboration, the rewards and benefits from the central government, and the matching degree between governments all had positive effects on the formation of the positive emergency strategies of the game subjects. In addition, the pairing assistance mechanism for sustainable development requires external support from the central government.
Novel Meta-Fractal Wearable Sensors and Antennas for Medical, Communication, 5G, and IoT Applications
Authors: Sabban Albert
Published: February 2024

Future communication, 5G, medical, and IoT systems need compact, green, efficient wideband sensors, and antennas. Novel linear and dual-polarized antennas for 5G, 6G, medical devices, Internet of Things (IoT) systems, and healthcare monitoring sensors are presented in this paper. One of the major goals in the evaluation of medical, 5G, and smart wireless communication devices is the development of efficient, compact, low-cost antennas and sensors. Moreover, passive and active sensors may be self-powered by connecting an energy-harvesting unit to the antenna to collect electromagnetic radiation and charge the wearable sensor battery. Wearable sensors and antennas can be employed in smart grid applications that provide communication between neighbors, localized management, bidirectional power transfer, and effective demand response. A low-cost wearable antenna may be developed by etching the printed feed and matching the network on the same substrate in the printed antenna. Active modules may be placed on the same dielectric board. The antenna design parameters and a comparison between the computation and measured electrical performance of the antennas are presented in this paper. The electrical characteristics of the new compact antennas in the vicinity of the patient’s body were simulated by using electromagnetic simulation techniques. Fractal and metamaterial efficient antennas and sensors were evaluated to maximize the electrical characteristics of smart communication and medical devices. The dual- and circularly polarized antennas developed in this paper are crucial to the evaluation of wideband and multiband compact 5G, 6G, and IoT advanced systems. The new efficient sensors and antennas maximize the system’s dynamic range and electrical characteristics. The new efficient wearable antennas and sensors are compact, wideband, and low-cost. The operating resonant frequency of the metamaterial antennas with circular split-ring resonators (CSRRs) may be 5% to 9% lower than the resonant frequency of the sensor without CSRRs. The directivity and gain of the metamaterial fractal antennas with CSRRs may be up to 3 dB higher than the antennas without CSRRs. The directivity and gain of the metamaterial fractal passive sensors with CSRRs may be up to 8.5 dBi. This study presents new wideband active meta-fractal antennas and sensors. The bandwidth of the new sensors is around 9% to 20%. At 2.83 GHz, the receiving active sensor gain is 13.5 dB and drops to 8 dB at 3.2 GHz. The receiving module noise figure with TAV541 LNA is around 1dB.
L-Theanine Improves the Gelation of Ginkgo Seed Proteins at Different pH Levels
Authors: Zhang Luyan , Ge Huifang , Zhao Jing , Liu Changqi , Wang Yaosong
Published: February 2024

L-theanine (L-Th), a non-protein amino acid naturally found in teas and certain plant leaves, has garnered considerable attention due to its health benefits and potential to modify proteins such as ginkgo seed proteins, which have poor gelling properties, thereby expanding their applications in the food industry. The objective of this study was to investigate the impact of varying concentrations of L-Th (0.0%, 0.5%, 1.0%, and 2.0%) on the gelling properties of ginkgo seed protein isolate (GSPI) at various pH levels (5.0, 6.0, and 7.0). The GSPI gels exhibited the highest strength at a pH of 5.0 (132.1 ± 5.6 g), followed by a pH of 6.0 (95.9 ± 3.9 g), while a weak gel was formed at a pH of 7.0 (29.5 ± 0.2 g). The incorporation of L-Th increased the hardness (58.5–231.6%) and springiness (3.0–9.5%) of the GSPI gels at a pH of 7.0 in a concentration-dependent manner. However, L-Th did not enhance the gel strength or water holding capacity at a pH of 5.0. The rheological characteristics of the GSPI sols were found to be closely related to the textural properties of L-Th-incorporated gels. To understand the underlying mechanism of L-Th’s effects, the physicochemical properties of the sols were analyzed. Specifically, L-Th promoted GSPI solubilization (up to 7.3%), reduced their hydrophobicity (up to 16.2%), reduced the particle size (up to 40.9%), and increased the ζ potential (up to 21%) of the sols. Overall, our findings suggest that L-Th holds promise as a functional ingredient for improving gel products.
Variants in KMT2A in Three Individuals with Previous Suspicion of 22q11.2 Deletion Syndrome
Authors: Silveira Henrique Garcia , Steiner Carlos Eduardo , Toccoli Giovana , Angeloni Luise Longo , Heleno Júlia Lôndero , Spineli-Silva Samira , dos Santos Ana Mondadori , Vieira Társis Paiva , Melaragno Maria Isabel , Gil-da-Silva-Lopes Vera Lúcia
Published: February 2024

The condition known as 22q11.2 deletion syndrome (MIM #188400) is a rare disease with a highly variable clinical presentation including more than 180 features; specific guidelines for screening individuals have been used to support clinical suspicion before confirmatory tests by Brazil’s Craniofacial Project. Of the 2568 patients listed in the Brazilian Database on Craniofacial Anomalies, 43 individuals negative for the 22q11.2 deletion syndrome were further investigated through whole-exome sequencing. Three patients (6.7%) presented with heterozygous pathogenic variants in the KMT2A gene, including a novel variant (c.6158+1del) and two that had been previously reported (c.173dup and c.3241C>T); reverse phenotyping concluded that all three patients presented features of Wiedemann–Steiner syndrome, such as neurodevelopmental disorders and dysmorphic facial features (n = 3), hyperactivity and anxiety (n = 2), thick eyebrows and lower-limb hypertrichosis (n = 2), congenital heart disease (n = 1), short stature (n = 1), and velopharyngeal insufficiency (n = 2). Overlapping features between 22q11.2 deletion syndrome and Wiedemann–Steiner syndrome comprised neuropsychiatric disorders and dysmorphic characteristics involving the eyes and nose region; velopharyngeal insufficiency was seen in two patients and is an unreported finding in WDSTS. Therefore, we suggest that both conditions should be included in each other’s differential diagnoses.
Sediment Transport Modeling in the Pasig River, Philippines Post Taal Volcano Eruption
Authors: Casila Joan Cecilia , Andres Howard Lee , Haddout Soufiane , Yokoyama Katsuhide
Published: February 2024

Following the eruption of the Taal Volcano in January 2020 and its continuous signs of unrest in the preceding years, this study delves into the investigation of sediment transport in the Pasig River, Philippines. The historical data of total suspended solids (TSS) and arsenic indicated a notable increase starting from the year 2020. The field measurements were conducted in February and March of 2022, two years after the eruption. Due to the observed homogeneity in the river’s mixing, a refined 1D sediment transport model was developed. In this study, HEC-RAS modeling software was employed. The calibration process using the Laursen transport function yielded an impressive R2 value of 0.9989 for the post-eruption model. This predictive accuracy underscores the robustness of the developed model. The study’s scope was further expanded by creating a model for February 2020, incorporating water quality data gathered by the Pasig River Coordinating and Management Office. The model simulation results showed peak TSS values of 120.63 mg/L and 225.15 mg/L in February 2022 and February 2020, respectively. The results of the study highlight the probable impact of geological events on sediment dynamics within the Pasig River, which could help manage and sustain ongoing river improvements.
Effects of Using Different Concentrate Supplementation Levels in Diets of Lambs Fed Tropical Aruana (Megathyrsus maximus) or Marandu (Brachiaria brizantha) Grass: Performance, Digestibility, and Costs of Production
Authors: Vega-Britez Gustavo Daniel , Retore Marciana , Sousa Allison Manoel de , Silva Adrielly Lais Alves da , Costa Carolina Marques , Souza Carla Giselly de , Souza Marcio Rodrigues de , Vargas Junior Fernando Miranda de
Published: February 2024

In Brazil, grazing is the main or only source of food for livestock. The appropriate combination of supplementation with concentrate in a lamb’s diet on pasture is an alternative that can be explored to use natural resources to produce quality meat. The aim of the current study was to evaluate the effects of different supplementation levels (0%, 1.5%, and 3% of BW) on the intake, performance, and production costs of lambs grazing on Aruana (Megathyrsus maximus) and Marandu (Brachiaria brizantha) grasses. Thirty-six non-castrated male Suffolk lambs (22.54 ± 2.72 kg) were used. The lambs were evaluated for nutrient intake and digestibility, such as dry matter (DM), crude protein (CP), neutral detergent fiber (NDF), acid detergent fiber (ADF), and consumption in relation to body weight (% BW), in addition to the average daily gain (ADG), body condition score (BCS), and hot carcass weight (HCW), as well as the rising production cost of each system. The dry matter of the green leaf blades was influenced by the pasture type (p < 0.05), producing 1503.6 vs. 2977.4 kg/ha of Aruana and Marandu grasses, respectively. The concentrate supplementation level influenced the type of pasture (p < 0.05). A higher consumption of DM, CP, NDF, and organic matter was registered for the supplemented animals (p < 0.05) and on Aruana grass. The intake in relation to body weight was significantly influenced by the concentrate levels (p < 0.05). The empty body weight and HCW were significantly influenced by the supplementation levels (p < 0.05). The ADG and feed conversion (FC; kg DM/ADG) were influenced by the supplementation levels and type of pasture. The BCSs differed between the concentrate levels (p < 0.05). The supplementation improved dry matter digestibility. The ADG and FC were superior in the supplemented animals, with an advantage for those grazing on Aruana grass. The slaughter ADG was also higher in the supplemented animals. The lambs’ pasture comprising Aruana grass with 1.5% BW of concentrate supplementation showed improved production and economic results.
Open-Source Flexible Material Tensile Testing Apparatus
Authors: Woods Morgan C. , Nauta Nathan , Pearce Joshua M.
Published: February 2024

Alternative food sources are essential in both low-resource settings and during emergencies like abrupt sunlight reduction scenarios. Seaweed presents a promising option but requires investigation into the viability of unconventionally sourced ropes for harvesting. In this regard, a low-cost reliable method to test the tensile strength of rope is needed to validate alternative materials for use in harvesting seaweed. Commercial rope testing jigs alone range in price from several thousand to tens of thousands of dollars, so there is interest in developing a lower-cost alternative. Addressing these needs, this article reports on an open-source design for tensile strength rope testing hardware. The hardware design focuses on using readily available parts that can be both sourced from a hardware store and manufactured with simple tools to provide the greatest geographic accessibility. The jig design, which can be fabricated for CAD 20, is two to three orders of magnitude less expensive than commercially available solutions. The jig was built and tested using a case study example investigating denim materials (of 1 5/8”, 3 1/4”, 4 7/8”, 6 1/2”, and 8 1/8” widths) as a potential alternative rope material for seaweed farming. Denim demonstrated strengths of up to 1.65 kN for the widest sample, and the jig demonstrated sufficient strength and stiffness for operations at forces below 4 kN. The results are discussed and areas for future improvements are outlined to adapt the device to other circumstances and increase the strength of materials that can be tested.
Assessing the Structural Validity of the Knee Injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score Scale
Authors: Quintana Dylan T. , Casanova Madeline P. , Cady Adam C. , Baker Russell T.
Published: February 2024

Background: The Knee Injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) scale is used to assess patient perspectives on knee health. However, the structural validity of the KOOS has not been sufficiently tested; therefore, our objective was to assess the KOOS in a large, multi-site database of patient responses who were receiving care for knee pathology. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted using the Surgical Outcome System (SOS) database. A confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was conducted to assess the proposed five-factor KOOS using a priori cut-off values. Because model fit indices were not met, a subsequent exploratory factor analysis (EFA) was conducted to identify a parsimonious model. The resulting four-factor structure (i.e., KOOS SF-12) was then assessed using CFA and subjected to multigroup invariance testing. Results: The original KOOS model did not meet rigorous CFA fit recommendations. The KOOS SF-12 did meet model fit recommendations and passed all invariance testing between intervention procedure, sex, and age groups. Conclusion: The KOOS failed to meet model fit recommendations. The KOOS SF-12 met model fit recommendations, maintained a multi-factorial structure, and was invariant across all tested groups. The KOOS did not demonstrate sound structural validity. A refined KOOS SF-12 model that met recommended model fit indices and invariance testing criteria was identified. Our findings provide initial support for a multidimensional KOOS structure (i.e., KOOS SF-12) that is a more psychometrically sound instrument for measuring patient-reported knee health.
The Potential Effects of Dietary Antioxidants in Obesity: A Comprehensive Review of the Literature
Authors: Almoraie Noha M. , Shatwan Israa M.
Published: February 2024

Obesity has become a global health concern, with its prevalence steadily increasing in recent decades. It is associated with numerous health complications, including cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, and certain types of cancer. The aetiology of obesity is multifactorial, involving genetic, environmental, and lifestyle factors. In recent years, oxidative stress has emerged as a potential contributor to obesity and its related metabolic disorders. Dietary antioxidants, which can counteract oxidative stress, have gained significant attention for their potential role in preventing and managing obesity. This comprehensive review aims to explore the impact of dietary antioxidants on obesity and its associated metabolic dysregulations, discussing the underlying mechanisms and highlighting the potential therapeutic implications.
Development and Implementation of a Mobile-Integrated Simulation for COVID-19 Nursing Practice: A Randomized Controlled Pretest–Posttest Experimental Design
Authors: Lee Sun-Hwa , Choi Jeong-Sil
Published: February 2024

This study developed and evaluated the effects of a mobile-integrated simulation training program on infection prevention and nursing practices based on past experiences of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) care. We developed mobile videos for the experimental group and an educational booklet for the control group based on the Analysis, Design, Development, Implementation, and Evaluation (ADDIE) model. The effects of the simulation program with the use of mobile videos on knowledge of COVID-19 management, infection prevention practice confidence, and clinical decision-making anxiety and confidence were analyzed through a randomized controlled pretest–posttest experimental design. Data from 109 participants were analyzed. Five mobile videos were developed with a total duration of 43 min and 13 s. The experimental group showed significantly greater improvement in knowledge of COVID-19 management (p = 0.002) and infection prevention practice confidence (p < 0.001). Using the mobile-integrated COVID-19 nursing practice simulation program, nurses who have no experience with emerging infectious diseases can increase their infection control knowledge and infection prevention practice confidence. In conclusion, the mobile-integrated COVID-19 nursing practice simulation program was effective in increasing infection control knowledge and infection prevention practice confidence in nurses without COVID-19 care experience.
Life Satisfaction Factors, Stress, and Depressive Symptoms among Young Women Living in Urban Kampala: Findings from the TOPOWA Project Pilot Studies
Authors: Culbreth Rachel E. , Nielsen Karen E. , Mobley Kate , Palmier Jane , Bukuluki Paul , Swahn Monica H.
Published: February 2024

Young women living in Kampala, Uganda, often face adversities related to Social Determinants of Mental Health (SDoMH) including poverty, food scarcity, environmental stressors such as high levels of community violence, and lack of adequate healthcare access. Two consecutive pilot studies were conducted to assess the feasibility and acceptability of survey questions, wearable fitness trackers, and daily diaries before launching a larger prospective cohort study. Preliminary associations between SDoMH factors with depressive symptoms, stress levels, and life satisfaction were examined among the total sample of 60 women across two pilot studies. A total of 32.2% of respondents (out of n = 59) reported being depressed most or all of the time in the past 30 days. Frequent depressive symptoms correlated with food insecurity (χ2 = 5.38, df = 1, p = 0.02). Higher stress levels were significantly associated with lower overall life satisfaction scores (t = 2.74, df = 6.20, p = 0.03). Additionally, frequent depressive symptoms were associated with lower satisfaction scores in the living conditions and lifestyle domain (t = 2.22, df = 36.18, p = 0.03). However, overall life satisfaction scores and other domains (social relationships and personal independence) were not statistically associated with frequent depressive symptoms. Identifying the most impactful SDoMH factors among young women in Kampala can inform targeted approaches to improve mental health outcomes.
Wearable Technology: A Wellbeing Option for Serving Police Officers and Staff? A Comparison of Results of a Pilot Study with Firearms Officers and a Group of Mixed Officers and Staff
Authors: Cox Carol , Yates James , O’Brien Freya , Pajon Laura , Farrell Amanda , Ward Moya , McCabe Philippa , James Adrian , McNamara-Catalano Isabella
Published: February 2024

The high-stress nature of policing contributes to deterioration of officer health and wellbeing as well as high levels of absenteeism and attrition. Wearable technology (WT) has been identified as a potential tool that can help in improving officer health and wellbeing. This pilot study aimed to give initial insight into acceptability and engagement with WT amongst officers. The study also aimed to uncover any notable areas for exploration in future research within the domain of officer health and wellbeing. Two groups were observed, firearms officers and a mixed group of officers. Participants wore the WT for an extended period, completed a variety of health and wellbeing questionnaires and discussed their experience in focus groups. Firearms officers and mixed group officers displayed similar sleep efficiency, but firearms officers have worse sleep consistency and sleep performance. Firearms officers appear to have higher HRV and a slightly lower resting heart rate. Both groups display reasonable acceptance of the use of WT, speaking favorably during the focus groups of how monitoring the data had improved their quality of life in terms of their understanding of sleep, wellbeing and how they had consequently completed lifestyle modification. WT offers some promise in managing officer health and wellbeing; studies with larger sample sizes are needed to confirm this.
Del-1 Plays a Protective Role against COPD Development by Inhibiting Inflammation and Apoptosis
Authors: Kwak Nakwon , Lee Kyoung-Hee , Woo Jisu , Kim Jiyeon , Park Jimyung , Lee Chang-Hoon , Yoo Chul-Gyu
Published: February 2024

Neutrophilic inflammation is a prominent feature of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Developmental endothelial locus-1 (Del-1) has been reported to limit excessive neutrophilic inflammation by inhibiting neutrophil adhesion to the vascular endothelial cells. However, the effects of Del-1 in COPD are not known. We investigated the role of Del-1 in the pathogenesis of COPD. Del-1 protein expression was decreased in the lungs of COPD patients, especially in epithelial cells and alveolar macrophages. In contrast to human lung tissue, Del-1 expression was upregulated in lung tissue from mice treated with cigarette smoke extracts (CSE). Overexpression of Del-1 significantly suppressed IL-8 release and apoptosis in CSE-treated epithelial cells. In contrast, knockdown of Del-1 enhanced IL-8 release and apoptosis. In macrophages, overexpression of Del-1 significantly suppressed inflammatory cytokine release, and knockdown of Del-1 enhanced it. This anti-inflammatory effect was mediated by inhibiting the phosphorylation and acetylation of NF-κB p65. Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) activators, such as quercetin, resveratrol, and sulforaphane, increased Del-1 in both cell types. These results suggest that Del-1, mediated by Nrf2, plays a protective role against the pathogenesis of COPD, at least in part through anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptotic effects.
Most Monogenic Disorders Are Caused by Mutations Altering Protein Folding Free Energy
Authors: Pandey Preeti , Alexov Emil
Published: February 2024

Revealing the molecular effect that pathogenic missense mutations have on the corresponding protein is crucial for developing therapeutic solutions. This is especially important for monogenic diseases since, for most of them, there is no treatment available, while typically, the treatment should be provided in the early development stages. This requires fast targeted drug development at a low cost. Here, we report an updated database of monogenic disorders (MOGEDO), which includes 768 proteins and the corresponding 2559 pathogenic and 1763 benign mutations, along with the functional classification of the corresponding proteins. Using the database and various computational tools that predict folding free energy change (ΔΔG), we demonstrate that, on average, 70% of pathogenic cases result in decreased protein stability. Such a large fraction indicates that one should aim at in silico screening for small molecules stabilizing the structure of the mutant protein. We emphasize that knowledge of ΔΔG is essential because one wants to develop stabilizers that compensate for ΔΔG, but do not make protein over-stable, since over-stable protein may be dysfunctional. We demonstrate that, by using ΔΔG and predicted solvent exposure of the mutation site, one can develop a predictive method that distinguishes pathogenic from benign mutations with a success rate even better than some of the leading pathogenicity predictors. Furthermore, hydrophobic–hydrophobic mutations have stronger correlations between folding free energy change and pathogenicity compared with others. Also, mutations involving Cys, Gly, Arg, Trp, and Tyr amino acids being replaced by any other amino acid are more likely to be pathogenic. To facilitate further detection of pathogenic mutations, the wild type of amino acids in the 768 proteins mentioned above was mutated to other 19 residues (14,847,817 mutations), the ΔΔG was calculated with SAAFEC-SEQ, and 5,506,051 mutations were predicted to be pathogenic.
Inhibition of Adult Neurogenesis in Male Mice after Repeated Exposure to Paracetamol Overdose
Authors: Suárez Juan , de Ceglia Marialuisa , Rodríguez-Pozo Miguel , Vargas Antonio , Santos Ignacio , Melgar-Locatelli Sonia , Castro-Zavala Adriana , Castilla-Ortega Estela , Rodríguez de Fonseca Fernando , Decara Juan , Rivera Patricia
Published: February 2024

Paracetamol, or acetaminophen (N-acetyl-para-aminophenol, APAP), is an analgesic and antipyretic drug that is commonly used worldwide, implicated in numerous intoxications due to overdose, and causes serious liver damage. APAP can cross the blood–brain barrier and affects brain function in numerous ways, including pain signals, temperature regulation, neuroimmune response, and emotional behavior; however, its effect on adult neurogenesis has not been thoroughly investigated. We analyze, in a mouse model of hepatotoxicity, the effect of APAP overdose (750 mg/kg/day) for 3 and 4 consecutive days and after the cessation of APAP administration for 6 and 15 days on cell proliferation and survival in two relevant neurogenic zones: the subgranular zone of the dentate gyrus and the hypothalamus. The involvement of liver damage (plasma transaminases), neuronal activity (c-Fos), and astroglia (glial fibrillar acidic protein, GFAP) were also evaluated. Our results indicated that repeated APAP overdoses are associated with the inhibition of adult neurogenesis in the context of elevated liver transaminase levels, neuronal hyperactivity, and astrogliosis. These effects were partially reversed after the cessation of APAP administration for 6 and 15 days. In conclusion, these results suggest that APAP overdose impairs adult neurogenesis in the hippocampus and hypothalamus, a fact that may contribute to the effects of APAP on brain function.
Structure, Physicochemical Properties and Biological Activity of Lipopolysaccharide from the Rhizospheric Bacterium Ochrobactrum quorumnocens T1Kr02, Containing d-Fucose Residues
Authors: Krivoruchko Aleksandra A. , Zdorovenko Evelina L. , Ivanova Maria F. , Kostina Ekaterina E. , Fedonenko Yulia P. , Shashkov Alexander S. , Dmitrenok Andrey S. , Ul’chenko Elizaveta A. , Tkachenko Oksana V. , Astankova Anastasia S. , Burygin Gennady L.
Published: February 2024

Lipopolysaccharides (LPSs) are major components of the outer membranes of Gram-negative bacteria. In this work, the structure of the O-polysaccharide of Ochrobactrum quorumnocens T1Kr02 was identified by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), and the physical–chemical properties and biological activity of LPS were also investigated. The NMR analysis showed that the O-polysaccharide has the following structure: →2)-β-d-Fucf-(1→3)-β-d-Fucp-(1→. The structure of the periplasmic glucan coextracted with LPS was established by NMR spectroscopy and chemical methods: →2)-β-d-Glcp-(1→. Non-stoichiometric modifications were identified in both polysaccharides: 50% of d-fucofuranose residues at position 3 were O-acetylated, and 15% of d-Glcp residues at position 6 were linked with succinate. This is the first report of a polysaccharide containing both d-fucopyranose and d-fucofuranose residues. The fatty acid analysis of the LPS showed the prevalence of 3-hydroxytetradecanoic, hexadecenoic, octadecenoic, lactobacillic, and 27-hydroxyoctacosanoic acids. The dynamic light scattering demonstrated that LPS (in an aqueous solution) formed supramolecular particles with a size of 72.2 nm and a zeta-potential of –21.5 mV. The LPS solution (10 mkg/mL) promoted the growth of potato microplants under in vitro conditions. Thus, LPS of O. quorumnocens T1Kr02 can be recommended as a promoter for plants and as a source of biotechnological production of d-fucose.
Endothelial Senescence: From Macro- to Micro-Vasculature and Its Implications on Cardiovascular Health
Authors: Wang Peichun , Konja Daniels , Singh Sandeep , Zhang Beijia , Wang Yu
Published: February 2024

Endothelial cells line at the most inner layer of blood vessels. They act to control hemostasis, arterial tone/reactivity, wound healing, tissue oxygen, and nutrient supply. With age, endothelial cells become senescent, characterized by reduced regeneration capacity, inflammation, and abnormal secretory profile. Endothelial senescence represents one of the earliest features of arterial ageing and contributes to many age-related diseases. Compared to those in arteries and veins, endothelial cells of the microcirculation exhibit a greater extent of heterogeneity. Microcirculatory endothelial senescence leads to a declined capillary density, reduced angiogenic potentials, decreased blood flow, impaired barrier properties, and hypoperfusion in a tissue or organ-dependent manner. The heterogeneous phenotypes of microvascular endothelial cells in a particular vascular bed and across different tissues remain largely unknown. Accordingly, the mechanisms underlying macro- and micro-vascular endothelial senescence vary in different pathophysiological conditions, thus offering specific target(s) for therapeutic development of senolytic drugs.
Altered N6-Methyladenosine Modification Patterns and Transcript Profiles Contributes to Cognitive Dysfunction in High-Fat Induced Diabetic Mice
Authors: Cao Zhaoming , An Yu , Lu Yanhui
Published: February 2024

N6-methyladenosine (m6A) constitutes the paramount post-transcriptional modification within eukaryotic mRNA. This modification is subjected to stimulus-dependent regulation within the central nervous system of mammals, being influenced by sensory experiences, learning processes, and injuries. The patterns of m6A methylation within the hippocampal region of diabetes cognitive impairment (DCI) has not been investigated. A DCI model was established by feeding a high-fat diet to C57BL/6J mice. m6A and RNA sequencing was conducted to profile the m6A-tagged transcripts in the hippocampus. Methylated RNA immunoprecipitation with next-generation sequencing and RNA sequencing analyses yielded differentially m6A-modified and expressed genes in the hippocampus of DCI mice, which were enriched in pathways involving synaptic transmission and axonal guidance. Mechanistic analyses revealed a remarkable change in m6A modification levels through alteration of the mRNA expression of m6A methyltransferases (METTL3 and METTL14) and demethylase (FTO) in the hippocampus of DCI mice. We identified a co-mediated specific RNA regulatory strategy that broadens the epigenetic regulatory mechanism of RNA-induced neurodegenerative disorders associated with metabolic and endocrine diseases.
HaCk: Hand Gesture Classification Using a Convolutional Neural Network and Generative Adversarial Network-Based Data Generation Model
Authors: Chatterjee Kalyan , Raju M. , Selvamuthukumaran N. , Pramod M. , Krishna Kumar B. , Bandyopadhyay Anjan , Mallik Saurav
Published: February 2024

According to global data on visual impairment from the World Health Organization in 2010, an estimated 285 million individuals, including 39 million who are blind, face visual impairments. These individuals use non-contact methods such as voice commands and hand gestures to interact with user interfaces. Recognizing the significance of hand gesture recognition for this vulnerable population and aiming to improve user usability, this study employs a Generative Adversarial Network (GAN) coupled with Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) techniques to generate a diverse set of hand gestures. Recognizing hand gestures using HaCk typically involves a two-step approach. First, the GAN is trained to generate synthetic hand gesture images, and then a separate CNN is employed to classify gestures in real-world data. The evaluation of HaCk is demonstrated through a comparative analysis using Leave-One-Out Cross-Validation (LOO CV) and Holdout Cross-Validation (Holdout CV) tests. These tests are crucial for assessing the model’s generalization, robustness, and suitability for practical applications. The experimental results reveal that the performance of HaCk surpasses that of other compared ML/DL models, including CNN, FTCNN, CDCGAN, GestureGAN, GGAN, MHG-CAN, and ASL models. Specifically, the improvement percentages for the LOO CV Test are 17.03%, 20.27%, 15.76%, 13.76%, 10.16%, 5.90%, and 15.90%, respectively. Similarly, for the Holdout CV Test, HaCk outperforms HU, ZM, GB, GB-ZM, GB-HU, CDCGAN, GestureGAN, GGAN, MHG-CAN, and ASL models, with improvement percentages of 56.87%, 15.91%, 13.97%, 24.81%, 23.52%, 17.72%, 15.72%, 12.12%, 7.94%, and 17.94%, respectively.
Mechanochemical Synthesis of Solid-State Electrolytes
Authors: Burazer Sanja , Popović Jasminka
Published: February 2024

In recent decades, the field of materials research has put significant emphasis on developing innovative platforms that have the potential to address the increasing global energy demand. Batteries have demonstrated their enormous effectiveness in the context of energy storage and consumption. However, safety issues associated with liquid electrolytes combined with a low abundance of lithium in the Earth’s crust gave rise to the development of solid-state electrolytes and cations other than lithium. The commercial production of solid-state batteries demands the scaling up of solid-state electrolyte syntheses as well as the mixing of electrode composites containing solid electrolytes. This review is motivated by the recent literature, and it gives a thorough overview of solid-state electrolytes and highlights the significance of the employed milling and dispersing procedures for the resulting ionic transport properties.
Adding Electroanatomical Mapping to Cryoballoon Pulmonary Vein Isolation Improves 1-Year Clinical Outcome and Durability of Pulmonary Vein Isolation: A Propensity Score-Matched Analysis
Authors: Tijskens Maxime , Abugattas Juan Pablo , Thoen Hendrik , Strazdas Antanas , Schwagten Bruno , Wolf Michael , De Greef Yves
Published: February 2024

Background: Adding electroanatomical left atrial (LA) voltage mapping to cryoballoon ablation (CBA) improves validation of acute pulmonary vein isolation (PVI). Aims: To determine whether the addition of mapping can improve outcome and PVI durability. Methods: One-year outcome and PV reconnection (PVR) rate at first repeat ablation were studied in 400 AF patients in a propensity-matched analysis (age, AF type, CHA2DS2-VASc score) between Achieve catheter-guided CBA with additional EnSite LA voltage maps performed pre- and post-CBA (mapping group; N = 200) and CT- and Achieve catheter-guided CBA (control group; N = 200). Clinical success was defined as freedom of documented AF or atrial tachycardia (AT) > 30 s. PV reconnection patterns were characterized in repeat ablations. Results: At 1 year, 77 (19.25%) patients had recurrence of AF/AT, significantly lower than in the mapping group: 21 (10.5%) vs. 56 (28%), p < 0.001. Procedure time was shorter (72.2 ± 25.4 vs. 78.2 ± 29.3 min, p = 0.034) and radiation exposure lower (4465.0 ± 3454.6 Gy.cm2 vs. 5940.5 ± 4290.5 Gy.cm2, p = 0.037). Use of mapping was protective towards AF/AT recurrence (HR = 0.348; 95% CI 0.210–0.579; p < 0.001), independent of persistent AF type (HR = 1.723; 95% CI 1.034–2.872; p = 0.037), and LA diameter (HR = 1.055; 95% CI 1.015–1.096; p = 0.006). At repeat ablation (N = 90), persistent complete PVI was seen in 14/20 (70.0%) versus 23/70 (32.9%) in the mapping and conventional group, respectively (p = 0.03). Reconnection rate of the right inferior PV was lower with mapping (10.0% vs. 34,3%, p = 0.035). Conclusions: Adding electroanatomical LA voltage mapping to CBA improves 1-year clinical outcome and lowers both procedure time and radiation exposure. At repeat, use of mapping increases complete persistent PVI mainly by improving PVI durability of the RIPV.
Characteristics of Functional Hyperthermia Detected in an Outpatient Clinic for Fever of Unknown Origin
Authors: Oka Kosuke , Tokumasu Kazuki , Hagiya Hideharu , Otsuka Fumio
Published: February 2024

Background: Functional hyperthermia (FH) is characterized by hyperthermia resulting from sympathetic hyperactivity rather than inflammation, and it is frequently overlooked by medical practitioners due to the absence of abnormalities in a medical examination. Although FH is an important differential diagnosis for fever of unknown origin (FUO), the literature on FUO cases in Japan lacks information on FH. In this study, we aimed to uncover the population of FH patients hidden in FUO cases. Methods: An outpatient clinic for FUO was established at Okayama University Hospital, and 132 patients were examined during the period from May 2019 to February 2022. Results: A diagnosis of FH was made in 31.1% of the FUO cases, and FH predominantly affected individuals in their third and fourth decades of life with a higher incidence in females (68.3%). The frequency of a history of psychiatric illness was higher in patients with FH than in patients with other febrile illnesses. Although the C-reactive protein (CRP) is generally negative in FH cases, some obese patients, with a body mass index ≥ 25 had slightly elevated levels of CRP but were diagnosed with FH. Conclusions: The results showed the importance of identifying FH when encountering patients with FUO without any organic etiology.
A Longitudinal Study of the Influence of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Anxiety and Stress among Medical University Students
Authors: Wróblewski Oskar , Michalczyk Kaja , Kozłowski Mateusz , Nowak Katarzyna , Chudecka-Głaz Anita , Skwirczyńska Edyta
Published: February 2024

(1) Background: The COVID-19 pandemic was declared an international health emergency by the World Health Organization. The dramatic, widespread transmission of the virus, high mortality, and lack of specific drugs caused the development of panic attacks and anxiety. Healthcare professionals, including medical students, were challenged to provide medical care to patients in need, often exposing themselves to the virus. (2) Methods: This study aimed to assess anxiety and stress levels in medical students, both at the beginning and after the end of the COVID-19 pandemic. The STAI and PSS-10 questionnaires were used. (3) Results: This study showed a decrease in anxiety levels among medical students after the end of the COVID-19 pandemic. In both 2020 and 2022, female students were found to experience higher stress levels than male students. Anxiety levels were similar among students of different medical-related faculties. (4) Conclusions: The COVID-19 pandemic caused stress and anxiety among medical students, which decreased throughout the duration of the pandemic.
Clinical and Radiographic Outcomes of Hip Revision Surgery and Cerclage Wires Fixation for Vancouver B2 and B3 Fractures: A Retrospective Cohort Study
Authors: Di Matteo Vincenzo , La Camera Francesco , Carfì Carla , Morenghi Emanuela , Grappiolo Guido , Loppini Mattia
Published: February 2024

Background: The number of patients presenting with periprosthetic hip fractures has increased in recent decades. Methods: Patients who underwent hip revision arthroplasty procedures for Vancouver type B2 and B3 fractures between 2010 and 2021 were included. The primary intended outcome of this study was to determine the reintervention-free survival rate. The secondary intended outcome was to determine clinical and radiographic assessment outcomes at the time of follow-up, and the correlation between time to surgery and postoperative Harris hip score (HHS). Results: A total of 49 patients with mean age of 71.2 ± 2.3 (37–88) years old were included. Overall, the Kaplan-Meier method estimated a survival rate of 95.8% (CI 84.2% to 98.9%) at one year, 91.1% (CI 77.9% to 96.6%) at two years, and 88.5% (CI 74.4% to 95.1%) at three, and up to 10, years. The mean limb length discrepancy (LLD) improved from −13.3 ± 10.5 (range −39 to +10) mm at the preoperative stage to −1.16 ± 6.7 (range −17 to +15) mm, p < 0.001 postoperative. The mean HHS improved from 31.1 ± 7.7 (range 10 to 43) preoperative to 85.5 ± 14.8 (range 60 to 100), p < 0.001 postoperative. Postoperative HHS was not affected by preoperative time to surgery. Conclusions: Revision arthroplasty is an effective treatment for Vancouver type B2 and B3 fractures.
Diagnostic Imaging of Agminated Blue Lesions and Blue Lesions with Satellitosis: Case Series with a Concise Review of the Current Literature
Authors: Cantisani Carmen , Paolino Giovanni , Di Guardo Antonio , Gomes Vito , Carugno Andrea , Greco Maria Elisabetta , Musolff Noah , Azzella Giulia , Rossi Giovanni , Soda Giuseppe , Longo Caterina , Pellacani Giovanni
Published: February 2024

Background: Agmination and/or satellitosis in pigmented blue lesions is a phenomenon rarely mentioned in the literature and not well known. This phenomenon can be expressed by several benign and malignant pigmented blue lesions, such as blue nevi, Spitz nevi, melanocytoma and melanoma. On this spectrum, dermoscopy, reflectance confocal microscopy (RCM) and dynamic Optical coherence tomography (D-OCT) represent non-invasive imaging technologies, which may help clinicians in the diagnosis of melanoma and non-melanoma skin cancers in daily clinical practice. Methods: Currently, in the literature there is a lack of new data about agminated blue lesions and blues lesions with satellitosis, as well as the lack of a recent and updated review of the literature about this topic. Therefore, considering that clinicians must be confident with the diagnosis of these rare skin lesions, we decided to carry out this work. Results: In this paper, four new cases of agminated pigmented cutaneous lesions were described. Moreover, a review of the current literature on this topic was performed. Conclusions: A clinical–pathological correlation is often needed to reach a correct diagnosis; currently, dermoscopy and non-invasive diagnostic techniques, such as reflectance confocal microscopy and optical coherence tomography, due to the depth of these skin lesions in the dermis, can only make a partial and limited contribution.
Dipeptidyl-Peptidase-4 and Glucagon-like-Peptide-1, a Link in the Connection between Periodontitis and Diabetes Mellitus—What Do We Know So Far?—A Scoping Review
Authors: Gheonea Theodora Claudia , Șurlin Petra , Nicolae Flavia Mirela , Gheorghe Dorin Nicolae , Popescu Dora Maria , Rogoveanu Ion
Published: February 2024

Periodontitis is a common condition affecting the tissues surrounding and supporting teeth. In addition to oral health concerns, periodontal disease increases the chance of developing systemic illnesses including type 2 diabetes mellitus. Porphyromonas gingivalis, a key-stone pathogen that has been linked to the pathophysiology of periodontal disease, can generate a series of dipeptide producing exopeptidases, dipeptidyl peptidases (DPP). DPP-4 levels in gingival crevicular fluid have been shown to increase during active periodontal disease, which may lead to their association with the disease’s progression. Following oral glucose administration, mice injected with DPP-4 had higher blood glucose than the control group. DPP-4 inhibitors are used to treat patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus in order to extend the half-life of incretins. Elevated glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) levels following periodontal therapy could be considered new and applicable real-world evidence confirming the experimental findings of a beneficial interaction between oral microbiota and incretin axis. GLP-1 receptor agonist exendin-4 enhanced the osteoblast proliferation and development of these stem cells and inhibited the effects of glucose on the cells. In addition to lowering blood sugar, liraglutide, a GLP-1 receptor agonist, also possesses anti-inflammatory and bone-protective properties. These findings support the use of GLP-1 in the management and prevention of diabetic periodontitis.
Ileal Conduit versus Cutaneous Ureterostomy after Open Radical Cystectomy: Comparison of 90-Day Morbidity and Tube Dependence at Intermediate Term Follow-Up
Authors: Thakker Parth U. , Refugia Justin Manuel , Wolff Dylan , Casals Randy , Able Corey , Temple Davis , Rodríguez Alejandro R. , Tsivian Matvey
Published: February 2024

Background: This study aims to compare perioperative morbidity and drainage tube dependence following open radical cystectomy (ORC) with ileal conduit (IC) or cutaneous ureterostomy (CU) for bladder cancer. Methods: A single-center, retrospective cohort study of patients undergoing ORC with IC or CU urinary diversion between 2020 and 2023 was carried out. The 90-day perioperative morbidity, as per Clavien–Dindo (C.D.) complication rates (Minor C.D. I–II, Major C.D. III–V), and urinary drainage tube dependence (ureteral stent or nephrostomy tube) after tube-free trial were assessed. Results: The study included 56 patients (IC: 26, CU: 30) with a 14-month median follow-up. At 90 days after IC or CU, the frequencies of any, minor, and major C.D. complications were similar (any—69% vs. 77%; minor—61% vs. 73%; major—46% vs. 30%, respectively, p > 0.2). Tube-free trial was performed in 86% of patients with similar rates of tube replacement (19% IC vs. 32% CU, p = 0.34) and tube-free survival at 12 months was assessed (76% IC vs. 70% CU, p = 0.31). Conclusions: Compared to the ORC+IC, ORC+CU has similar rates of both 90-day perioperative complications and 12-month tube-free dependence. CU should be offered to select patients as an alternative to IC urinary diversion after RC.
Current Trends and Beyond Conventional Approaches: Advancements in Breast Cancer Surgery through Three-Dimensional Imaging, Virtual Reality, Augmented Reality, and the Emerging Metaverse
Authors: Żydowicz Weronika Magdalena , Skokowski Jaroslaw , Marano Luigi , Polom Karol
Published: February 2024

Breast cancer stands as the most prevalent cancer globally, necessitating comprehensive care. A multidisciplinary approach proves crucial for precise diagnosis and treatment, ultimately leading to effective disease management. While surgical interventions continue to evolve and remain integral for curative treatment, imaging assumes a fundamental role in breast cancer detection. Advanced imaging techniques not only facilitate improved diagnosis but also contribute significantly to the overall enhancement of breast cancer management. This review article aims to provide an overview of innovative technologies such as virtual reality, augmented reality, and three-dimensional imaging, utilized in the medical field to elevate the diagnosis and treatment of breast cancer. Additionally, the article delves into an emerging technology known as the metaverse, still under development. Through the analysis of impactful research and comparison of their findings, this study offers valuable insights into the advantages of each innovative technique. The goal is to provide physicians, surgeons, and radiologists with information on how to enhance breast cancer management.