bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Trade liberalization, Economic Growth and Poverty Level in Nigeria: Vector Auto-regression (VAR) Approach (1980-2009)
Authors: Aremo Aremo
Published: January 2020

The paper examines the nexus among trade liberalization, economic growth and poverty level in Nigeria between 1980 and 2009 within the context of multivariate Vector Auto regression (VAR) with a view to establishing the links that exist among the three variables. The data series were also subjected to unit root and co integration tests to examine the properties of the data. The findings that emerged from the analyses showed that the interactions among trade liberalization, economic growth and poverty level suggest that economic growth had a positive impact on trade liberalization in Nigeria within the study period. Also, the interactions among trade liberalization, economic growth and poverty level were weak making the effect of trade liberalization on poverty to be low. This probability portrays the presence of some structural rigidity in the economy capable of preventing the impact of trade liberalization from being fully felt on poverty, particularly through economic growth channel. This suggests the presence of some institutional factors that create inherent problems in the economy that could largely frustrate any valid and sincere trade policies formulated by the government. It is therefore recommended that policy makers should be mindful of the fact that the Nigerian economy is structurally vulnerable; such that for any policy to succeed, the peculiar characteristics of the economy must be factored into the plan and rigorously evaluated for good policy effects.
Investment Cash Flow Sensitivity as a Measure of Financing Constraints: Evidence from Selected African Countries
Authors: Wale Letenah Ejigu
Published: January 2020

The use of investment cash flow sensitivity as a measure of financing constraints is an unresolved research agenda. This paper endeavors to explain the conflicting evidence by using proxies for both internal financial constraint and external financial constraint measures. Data is taken from selected six African countries, a region where no previous studies are conducted. It is observed that the investment curve is Ushaped when firms are classified on the basis of internal financial constraint measure (i.e. cash flow). Using external financial constraint proxies (age, size and payout) it is found that all category of firms show positive and significant investment cash flow sensitivity. This suggests that the sampled African firms are externally financial constrained. It is concluded that the way firms are a priori classified as internal vs. external financial constrained matters. This raises the issue of whether the term financial constraints itself is a multidimensional construct.
Analysis of Regional Development and The Needs of Clean Water Services in Medan City
Authors: Milanie Feby , . Sumono , . Rujiman
Published: January 2020

This study aims to analyze the influence of biophysical, economic, location, socio-cultural, institutional and environmental aspects on the water supply and the need for clean water in Medan city. Clean water was originally consideredas social goods that were freely accessed. The need for clean water for the population in Medan city is heightened due to the population growth, the increase on economic activities such as industrial growth in small-scale, medium and large industries, the development of public facilities and the increasing welfare of the community. The primary and secondary data obtained from relevant agencies and public in Medan city are used in this study. The secondary data were obtained starting in 1990 - 2012, while primary data were obtained from 30 respondents. The analysis model used is the structural equation models. The results have shown that; (i) biophysical, economic, location, sociocultural, institutional, environmental aspects positively influence the water supply and the need for clean water; (ii) there is a greater influence of water needs on the water supply, as compared to the effect of water supply to the needs of clean water.
Exploring Teacher Learning Experiences in one Open University in South Africa: a Training Framework
Authors: Isabirye Anthony Kiryagana , Moloi Kholeka Constance
Published: January 2020

Abstract: This paper explores how academics in one South African Open University, experience learning in order to hasten the impact of their innovative teaching and student learning. It also aims at the formulation of a training framework to guide teacher learning. A qualitative phenomenological research design as advocated by Giorgi and Giorgi (2009) was adopted for this study. The research questions posed were: How do academics experience academic development and which teacher learning framework could be used to enhance academic development for ODL teachers to teach innovatively? The study found that the university introduced an academic training programme to the participants (orientation).The orientation prepared them for practical training (learning). Through learning, they were empowered with skills and competencies (skills acquisition) that enabled them to work (performance) as online teachers. The participants further noted that for a training programme to be successful, it must be long in duration, evaluated and have the support of University management. All the participants learning experiences and concerns were synthesised into a training framework. It was recommended that academic development programmes run for longer durations and should be supported by institutional leadership. An evaluation mechanism should be introduced and adhered to, to ensure achievement of all objectives in every training phase.Keywords: Academic development, Open University, training frame work, Innovative teaching
The Dark Side of Low Financial Reporting Frequency: Investors' Reliance on Alternative Sources of Earnings News and Excessive Information Spillovers
Authors: Arif Salman , De George Emmanuel T.
Published: January 2020

This paper examines how low financial reporting frequency affects investors' reliance on alternative sources of earnings information. We find that the returns of semi-annual earnings announcers (i.e., low reporting frequency stocks [LRF]) are almost twice as sensitive to the earnings announcement returns of U.S. industry bellwether peers for non-reporting periods compared to reporting periods. Strikingly, these heightened spillovers are followed by return reversals when investors finally observe own-firm earnings at the subsequent semi-annual earnings announcement. This indicates that investors periodically overreact to peer-firm earnings news in the absence of own-firm earnings disclosures in interim periods. We also find elevated price volatility and trading volume around earnings announcements for non-reporting periods, consistent with theories of investor overconfidence. Collectively, our results suggest that investors are unable to successfully offset the information loss arising from low reporting frequency, thus impairing their ability to value firms and adversely affecting the quality of financial markets.

JEL Classifications: M41; M48; G14.

Data Availability: Data are available from the public sources cited in the text.
Innovative Accounting Interviewing: A Comparison of Real and Virtual Accounting Interviewers
Authors: Pickard Matthew D. , Schuetzler Ryan , Valacich Joseph S. , Wood David A.
Published: January 2020

Recent technological advances make it possible to create automated virtual interviewers, called embodied conversational agents (ECAs). We study how an ECA compares to a human interviewer in three experiments. In experiment 1, we show that two theoretically motivated factors—making the ECA facially and vocally similar to the interviewee—result in the ECA performing similarly to or better than human interviewers for six antecedents of disclosure quality. In two additional experiments, we show that employees are, on average, 21 to 32 percent more likely to disclose violating internal controls to an ECA than to a human, even if the human interviewer has significant interviewing experience. These findings contribute to the ECA design literature by showing that similarity-enhancing features of ECAs increase the antecedents of disclosure. The findings also contribute to the accounting literature by demonstrating that ECA technology can increase the scope of interviewing in accounting without reducing interview quality.
The Dental Amalgam Phasedown in New Zealand: A 20-year Trend
Authors: Broadbent JM , Murray CM , Schwass DR , Brosnan M , Brunton PA , Lyons KS , Thomson WM
Published: January 2020

Background and Objectives:

Information on the choice of material and performance of restorations placed in a dental practice annually is limited. The Minamata Convention on Mercury is likely to affect the use of amalgam worldwide. The objective of this research was to investigate the use of restorative materials at the University of Otago Faculty of Dentistry in New Zealand from 1998 to 2017.

Methods:

Data from the Faculty of Dentistry's database from the years of interest were compiled. These data included information on the characteristics of restorations, including information on the material used and number of surfaces involved for each restoration. The tooth in which each restoration was placed was categorized by arch, tooth type, and deciduous or permanent dentition.

Results:

Records identified 227,514 permanent restorations placed from January 1998 to December 2017, of which 91.7% were direct restorations. Among direct restorations, composite resin was the most commonly used material, followed by amalgam, glass ionomer, and compomer. The use of amalgam for direct restorations decreased from 52.3% of direct restorations in 1998 to 7.1% in 2017. A corresponding increase was observed in the use of tooth-colored direct restorations, particularly composites. Among indirect restorations, porcelain fused to metal, gold, and stainless steel (in pediatric applications) were the materials most frequently used.

Conclusions:

Despite having no official policy on reducing the use of dental amalgam, the Faculty of Dentistry is following the global trend in reducing its use, with composite resin now well established as the predominant restorative material used. If the current rate of decline persists unchecked, the Faculty of Dentistry could transition to being amalgam free by 2020, although it seems likely that the characteristics and principles of use of the material (and its removal) will be taught for some time to come. This knowledge is important to planning curriculum changes needed to prepare graduates for clinical practice.
Pedagogiske ledere og godt faglig skjønn
Authors: Gotvassli Kjell Aage , Moe Torill
Published: January 2020

Artikkelen drøfter hvordan pedagogiske ledere oppfatter begrepet godt faglig skjønn og hvordan de arbeider med godt faglig skjønn, slik som formulert i rammeplanen av 2017: «Pedagogisk leder er gitt ansvaret for å iverksette og lede det pedagogiske arbeidet, i tråd med godt faglig skjønn». Datamaterialet består av dybdeintervjuer med i alt åtte pedagogiske ledere. Begrepet godt faglig skjønn forbindes med uforutsigbarhet og innfløkte situasjoner som krever intuisjon og innlevelse. De pedagogiske lederne knytter det også til en vurdering av hva som er barnets beste, noe som krever en kombinasjon av praksiserfaringer og teoretisk kunnskap. Mange har en oppfatning av at for utstrakt bruk av faglig skjønn kan være uheldig. Det kan gi for stor variasjon og uoversiktlighet i det pedagogiske arbeidet og føre til utrygghet hos barna. De pedagogiske lederne bruker lederstrategier slik som veiledning, felles refleksjon og motivasjon for å sikre bred enighet innad i ansattgruppen omkring bruken av faglig skjønn. Et siste viktig funn er at bruken av faglig skjønn er avhengig av hvor innfløkt situasjonen er, og av hvilke begrensninger som ellers er i situasjonen.
English abstract
English title: Pedagogical leaders and sound professional judgementThe article discusses how pedagogical leaders perceive the concept of professional judgement and how they work with good professional judgment, such as articulated in the framework plan of 2017: The pedagogical leader is tasked with implementing and overseeing the kindergarten’s pedagogical practices using sound professional judgement. The data material consists of a depth interview with a total of eight pedagogical leaders. Pedagogical leaders connect the concept of professional judgement with unpredictability and complex situations that require intuition and immersion. They also associate it with an assessment of what is the child’s best, which requires a combination of practice experiences and theoretical knowledge. Widespread use of professional judgement can be unfortunate. It can provide too much variation and inaccuracy in the pedagogical work. The pedagogical leaders use leadership strategies such as mentoring, joint reflection and motivation to ensure broad consensus within the employee group regarding the use of professional judgement. One last important finding is that the use of professional judgement depends on how complex the situation is and what limitations exist in the use of professional judgement.
Partnerbarnehagens praksisfellesskap – læringskultur og barnehagelærerstudenters profesjonelle utvikling
Authors: Vala Heidi Østland , Sell Ingunn Sælid
Published: January 2020

Artikkelen diskuterer hvilken rolle praksisfellesskapet i partnerbarnehagen kan ha for studentens profesjonelle utvikling. Studien fokuserer på hele fellesskapet, fordi både praksislærer og det øvrige personalet samarbeider rundt studentens praksis. Studien er forankret i teori om praksisfellesskapet (Lave & Wenger, 1991), de tre dimensjonene ved praksisfellesskapet (Wenger, 1998) og motstand, forstyrrelser og responser (Biesta, 2012, 2014, 2015). Læringskultur knyttes til praksisfellesskapet, og artikkelen drøfter hva slags responser forstyrrelser kan møtes med av student, praksislærer og praksisfellesskap, for å fremme profesjonell utvikling hos studenten. Studien indikerer at det er utfordrende for partnerbarnehagen å «oppfylle» de tre dimensjonene ved praksisfellesskapet. Ulik forståelse og kunnskap hos personalet kan være hemmende for studentens profesjonelle utvikling. En implikasjon er at både praksislærer og de andre deltakerne i praksisfellesskapet må ha nødvendig kunnskap og kompetanse for å støtte studentens profesjonelle utvikling, noe som også vil få konsekvenser for utdanningsinstitusjonens rolle overfor student og partnerbarnehage. Undersøkelsen er kvalitativ, og det empiriske materialet er generert gjennom seks fokusgruppeintervjuer med 45 styrere og praksislærere i partnerbarnehager.
English abstract
English title: Communities of practice in partnership kindergartens – educational culture and kindergarten student’s professional developmentThe context of this study is partnership kindergartens. The article discusses the role of the community of practice and student’s professional development in practical training, where the practice teacher and the kindergarten staff all are significant participants. Communities of practice (Lave & Wenger, 1991; Wenger, 1998), resistance, disturbances and responses are key concepts (Biesta, 2014, 2015). The article discusses how disturbances can be handled to promote the student’s professional development. The discussion explores the preconditions for the student’s opportunity to stay in a developmental zone. The partnership kindergarten experiences challenges in fulfilling the three dimensions of the community of practice, and differences in understanding and knowledge could have an inhibitory effect on the student’s professional development. An implication is that the community of practice must possess the necessary expertise to promote the student’s professional development, and this will have an impact on the educational institution’s role towards both students and partnership kindergartens. The study is qualitative and the empirical material is generated through six focus group interviews with 45 directors and practice teachers in partnership kindergartens.
Fair play i kroppsøving – styringsreiskap eller danning?
Authors: Fretland Reidun Nerhus , Lauritzen Åge , Fossøy Joar , Leirhaug Petter Erik
Published: January 2020

Fair play er ifølgje læreplan i kroppsøving ein kompetanse elevane skal praktisere og utvikle gjennom heile opplæringsløpet. Både i skulens styringsdokument og i teori trer fair play fram med ein klar danningsfunksjon. Denne artikkelen belyser samanheng mellom fair play og danning med utgangspunkt i Wolfgang Klafki sitt danningsteoretiske perspektiv. På bakgrunn av seks fokusgruppeintervju med lærarar som underviser i kroppsøving på 5.–7. årssteg blir rekonstruksjon av fair play i kroppsøvingsundervisninga undersøkt ut frå teoriens grunnleggande evner: sjølvbestemming, medbestemming og solidaritet. Studien viser at lærarane ikkje gir mykje rom for elevane si sjølv- og medbestemming. Dei praktiserer fair play først og fremst opp mot solidaritetsaspektet. Drøftinga tek føre seg spenningsforholdet mellom oppseding og danning, og problematiserer om fair play i kroppsøving blir rekonstruert primært som ein reiskap for regulering av oppførsel og organisering av undervisning. Det viser seg at lærarane i liten grad nyttar fair play på måtar som bidreg til det Klafki kallar kategorial danning.
English abstract
English title: Fair play in Physical Education – regulation tool or contribution to bildung?According to the Norwegian curriculum for physical education, fair play is a competence that the pupils will practice and develop throughout compulsory school. In official documents and related research, the concept of fair play emerges with a clear formation/bildung function. This article aims to investigate the connection between fair play in physical education and formation based on Wolfgang Klafki’s theory of bildung. Utilizing data from six focus groups with physical education teachers, fair play in physical education teaching is investigated from the basic abilities of self-determination, co-determination, and solidarity. The study shows that the teachers offer few examples connected to self- and co-determination; most examples of fair play focus on the solidarity aspect. The discussion highlights that there exists a tension in the teaching practices of fair play in physical education and problematizes whether fair play is primarily reconstructed as a means for regulating behavior and organizing teaching. It turns out that the teachers’ use of fair play fails as a contribution to what Klafki has termed categorical bildung.
Å styrke fysisk aktiv lek i barnehagen – evaluering av et intervensjonsdesign basert på en høy grad av personaldeltagelse
Authors: Øvreås Steinar , Andersen Eivind , Moser Thomas , Borch-Jenssen Janne , Jørgensen Kari-Anne
Published: January 2020

Strukturerte intervensjonsprogrammer som implementeres i barnehager er ofte ikke tilpasset barnehagenes ulike kontekster og kompleksitet. Denne studien drøfter muligheter og barrierer i et intervensjonsdesign der personalgruppene er aktivt deltagende i å uforme og gjennomføre intervensjonens innhold. I prosjektet Barn i bevegelse var målet å forbedre betingelsene for barns fysisk aktive lek i barnehagen. Personalet bestemte mål og innhold for intervensjonen i deres institusjoner innenfor rammer gitt av forskerne, og personalet ble bedt om å dokumentere planlagte aktiviteter samt jevnlig dele og reflektere over praksiserfaringene sammen. Prosjektgruppen møtte personalet fem ganger under intervensjonen for kunnskapsdeling, gruppediskusjoner og idéforslag på praktiske aktiviteter. Studien er forankret i aktivitetsteori og bygger på data fra seks intervensjonsbarnehager. Evalueringen av intervensjonsdesignet ble gjennomført ved hjelp av spørreskjema. Faktorer som synes å ha betydning for en suksessfull implementering var inkludering av hele personalgruppen, personalets (med-)eierskap av prosjektet og formidling av praktiske ideer. Barnehagene benytter seg i større grad av en muntlig enn en skriftlig refleksjonskultur. Implementering av en skriftlig refleksjonspraksis var vanskelig å gjennomføre, både på grunn av tidspress og at intervensjonen ikke tilpasset dette godt nok til praksisfeltets kultur.
English abstract
English title: Improve physically active play in early childhood education centers – evaluation of an intervention design based on a high level of staff participationStructured intervention design is lacking the adaptation to the complexity of early childhood education centers. There is a need for “real-life” approaches that emphasize continuous professional development through dialogue and reflection. This study discusses opportunities and barriers in a bottom-up intervention approach where the staff tailored their own intervention. The aim of the intervention was to increase children’s physical active play. The staff planned activities and regularly shared and reflected on their own practice. The project group met the staff five times during the intervention for knowledge and practical idea sharing. The study involves six early childhood education centers. Questionnaires were analyzed in the frame of activity-theory. Factors for successful implementation were inclusion of the entire staff, staff ownership of the project and learning new practical ways to increase physical activity. The staff implemented mostly changes in their own practice and less on organization level. Implementation of a written reflection practice did not quite succeed because the staff used mostly oral reflections to share ideas and time was a limit for written reflections.
PROSPEK KEBIJAKAN DALAM PEMBANGUNAN HUKUM NASIONAL BARBASIS PARTISIPASI MASYARAKAT PADA ERA 4.0
Authors: Muin Fatkhul , Karsa Pipih Ludia
Published: January 2020

Tujuan: Artikel ini bertujuan untuk (1) mengkaji paradigma pembangunan hukum dalam kerangka tujuan negara era industry dan (2) mengelaborasi pembangunan hukum nasional dan partisipasi masyarakat di Era 4.0 Metodologi: Tulisan ini menggunakan metodologi penelitian kualitatif dengan pendekatan yuridis normatif melalui studi pustaka secara menyeluruh (holistic). Temuan: Dalam memahami pembangunan  hukum, dapat melalui dimensi regulasi dan turunan-turunan regulasi, dimana tinjauan utama pada 3 (tiga) persepktif utama pada konsideran, yaitu pada aspek filosofis, aspek sosiologis dan aspek yuridis. Ketiga hal tersebut dapat menjadi landasan dalam pembangunan hukum nasional dengan melibatkan masyarakat secara langsung dalam penentuan kebijakan hukum. Kegunaan: Kebijakan sistem pembangunan nasional harus mengatur tentang partisipasi masyarakat dalam industry 4.0 sehingga peran tersebut tidak hanya dijalanan oleh negara. Kebaruan/Orisinalitas: Dalam Era Industri 4.0, peran pembangunan dalam sistem pembangunan nasional tidak hanya bertempu pada negara yang memiliki alat kewenangan, tapi masyarakat juga harus berpartisipasi penuh dalam sistem pembangunan nasional.
DEMOKRASI EKONOMI PANCASILADAN KUBANGAN KAPITALISME GLOBAL DALAM KEBIJAKANINDUSTRI KETENAGALISTRIKAN INDONESIA
Authors: Paryono Paryono
Published: January 2020

Tujuan: Artikel ini mengkaji tentang pengaruh kapitalisme global dalam kebijakan industri ketenagalistrikan di Indonesia.Metodologi:  Kajian ini menggunakan metode penelitian yuridis normative. Kajian ini menggunakan paradigma kualitatif dengan pendekatan historis-fenomenologis, yang meneliti sejarah kapitalisme industri ketenagalistrikan dan fenomena pada kapitalisme ketenagalistrikan di Indonesia.Temuan: Kebijakan Industri Ketenagalistrikan di  Indonesia yang berdasarkan ekonomi Pancasila terseret ke kubangan pusaran arus  kapitalisme global dan kedepanya akan berimplikasi terhadap keadilan sosial seluruh rakyat Indonesia di bidang energi listrik sebagai bagian pondasi dalam struktur ekonomi.Kegunaan: Kebijakan Industri Ketenagalistrikan di  Indonesia harus mempertimbangkan komposisi kepemilikan dengan prosentase bahwa negara lebih dominan kepemilikannya dibanding swasta atau asing, sehingga negara Indonesia tidak  terjebak oleh kubangan kapitalisme global dalam kebijakan ketenagalistrikan.Kebaruan/Orisinalitas: Sistem demokrasi ekonomi Indonesia yaitu demokrasi ekonomi Pancasila yang berketuhanan Yang Maha Esa seharusnya tidak membiarkan sistem ekonomi liberal berkuasa atas struktur bisnis energi listrik di Indonesia
Utilization of Social Media to Promote Trademark and Services and Their Legal Protection
Authors: Aflah A
Published: January 2020

Technological advancements continue to evolve all the time, it cannot be hindered and repressed. Thus, such advances must be directed for the good and welfare of human life, including the development of social media-which are currently offered in various forms. Many benefits can be obtained from social media, among others, as a means to promote trademarks and services from producers to consumers. Promotion of trademarks and services through social media provides convenience and benefits for producers, since it can save cost and time. However, advertisement by using social media also has impact on the trademark law in Indonesia. The widespread use of Internet in the trade sector has brought a lot of consequences on the protection of trademark. Owners of trademarks or services obtain legal protection after they are applied and officially registered. Registered trademark is currently protected by Law No. 20 of 2016 concerning Trademark and Geographical Indications.
[RETRACTED] The Legal Aspect of the Tax Competition in EU: Case of Kosovo
Authors: Morina Fitore Gezim
Published: January 2020

The article entitled The Legal Aspect of the Tax Competition in EU: Case of Kosovodilakan REVOCATION (RETRACTED) from Journal of Jurisprudence Vol 8, No. 2 (2018): Vol 8, No 2, December 2018 at http://journals.ums.ac .id / index.php / jurisprudence / article / view / 7212, because FOUND has been PUBLISHED on Sriwijaya Law Review VOLUME 3 ISSUE 1, JANUARY 2019 page 1-10 in the online link http://journal.fh.unsri.ac. id / index.php / sriwijayalawreview / article / view / 217 /REVOCATION notices of this article can also be found in Jurisprudence Vol 8 Journal, No. 2 (2018): Vol 8, No 2, December 2018 on http://journals.ums.ac.id/index.php/jurisprudence/article/view/ 7212
Effects of Tree Shading on the Dung Beetle Biodiversity in the Utilization Block of Wan Abdul Rachman Great Forest Park
Authors: Dewara Novia , Dewi Bainah Sari , Harianto Sugeng Prayitno
Published: January 2020

Bioindicator of the level of destruction of tropical forests and habitats can be seen from the presence of dung beetle. Dung beetle plays an important role in regulating the function of ecosystems. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of tree shading on the dung beetle diversity in the the Utilization Block of Wan Abdul Rachman Great Forest Park (Tahura WAR). The method used was the trap method. Traps were planted parallel to the soil, then the collected data was analyzed with diversity index (H`), evenness index (E), and abundance index (E). The results found three species of dung beetles, namely Cattarsius mollosus, Onthopagus sp, and Aphodius marginellus. Diversity index of dung beetle in the area with tree shading (H '= 1.09) was greater than without tree shading (H' = 0 ,9). The evennes index (E) and abundance index (R) of dung beetle in the area with tree shading were E = 0.99 and R = 0.66, while without tree shading were E = 0.82 and R = 0.96. Comparison of the diversity of dung beetle in the the area with tree shading and without shading was 21: 8. This means that the dung beetle could maintain a stable population under tree shading. Dung beetle prefers the area with tree shading due to its suitability for the flight activity, suitable habitat condition, and the availability of food sources. The management of Tahura WAR is expected to increase land cover so that the existing ecosystems could remain sustainable.Key words: biodiversity, dung beetle, Tahura WAR, tree shading
Development of Optimization Sensitivity Equation by Multiple Linear Regression and Correlation Analysis
Authors: Uzoma Shadrack Mathew
Published: January 2020

Gas pipeline pressure-flow problem are affected by varieties of factors notably frictional pressure drop and other pressure drops components. These problems inevitably result in the reduction of the operating efficiency of gas pipelines by virtue of reduction in the line throughput and increased pressure drop along the line. It has been established that increased pressure drop will ultimately lead to increased pump power as well as higher cost of design, construction and operations of gas pipelines. These prevailing factors prompts the need to ascertain the stability and reliability of the optimal flow results. The develop sensitivity model prediction was hinged around ∆L/L (%) being zero. It invariably confirmed that the results of optimal flow capacity are more sensitive to changes in upstream and downstream pressures. It was least sensitive to pressure gradients. The governing conditions being that changes in pipe diameter, ∆D/D (%) and flow capacity, ∆Q/Q (%) were in the order of 5%.
Free Convection in a Triangular Cavity Filled with Hybrid-Nanofluid along with Sinusoidal Heat
Authors: Hasan Md.Rakibul , Uddin Md. Borhan , U. Ahmed M.
Published: January 2020

A numerical study on convective heat transfer of hybrid nanofluid packed in a right angled triangular cavity heated by a sinusoidal temperature maintained from lower side and subjected to a constant magnetic field have been studied in this work. The hypotenuse side of the triangular cavity has been kept in uniform cool temperature while the remaining side is insulated. The governing equations of the problem have been discretized numerically with help of finite element method. A fixed Prandtl number Pr=6.2 has been used for the numerical solution. Several values of Rayleigh number Ra=102-106 , and Hartmann number Ha=0-100 which are the non-dimensional governing parameters have been examined. The volume fraction  =0.01, 0.05, 0.1 and the heat generation parameter Q = 1 have been taken for this work. Calculate and the graph of Nusselt number corresponding to different parameters have been presented. The results show that Nusselt number has been decreasing function of nanoparticles Rayleigh number and also it is a decreasing function of Hartmann number. Obtained results has been compared with previously obtained data by other authors.
Proposed an Algorithm for Preventing IP Spoofing DoS Attack on Neighbor Discovery Protocol of IPv6 in Link Local Network
Authors: Rahman Md. Mustafejur , Rahman Md. Mustafizur , Reza Saif Ibne , Sarker Sumonto , Islam Md. Mehedi
Published: January 2020

Duplicate Address Detection (DAD) is one of the most interesting features in IPv6. It allows nodes to connect to a network by generating a unique IP address. It works on two Neighbor Discovery (ND) messages, namely, Neighbor Solicitation (NS) and Neighbor Advertisement (NA). To verify the uniqueness of generating IP, it sends that IP address via NS message to existing hosts. Any malicious node can receive NS message and can send a spoof reply, thereby initiates a DoS attack and prevents auto configuration process. In this manner, DAD is vulnerable to such DoS attack. This study aims to prevent those malicious nodes from sending spoof reply by securing both NS and NA messages. The proposed Advanced Bits Security (ABS) technique is based on Blake2 algorithm and introducing a creative option called ABS field that holds the hash value of tentative IP address and attached to both NA and NS message. We expect the ABS technique can prevent spoof reply during DAD procedure in link local network and can prevent DoS attack
Application of Cardinal Points Symmetry Landmarks Distribution Model to B-Mode Ultrasound Images of Transverse Cross-section of Thin-walled Phantom Carotid Arteries
Authors: Udekwe Charles Nnamdi , Ponnle Akinlolu Adeniran
Published: January 2020

We had earlier developed a technique based on cardinal point symmetry landmark distribution model (CPS-LDM) to completely characterize the Region of Interest (ROI) of the geometric shape of thick-walled simulated B-mode ultrasound images of carotid artery imaged in the transverse plane. In this paper, this developed technique was applied to completely characterize the region of interest of the geometric shape of B-mode ultrasound images of thin-walled phantom carotid artery imaged in the transverse plane. The developed model employs a combination of fixed landmarks (FLs) and movable landmarks (MLs) to obtain the total landmarks (TLs) that can sufficiently segment the shape of the ROI of the carotid artery. For the phantom carotid arteries, three FLs are fixed on each of the four ROIs determined by the cardinal points North (N), South (S), East (E) and West (W) drawn on the ROIs of the phantom carotid artery. The MLs are determined by the inter-cardinal directions such as North-East (NE), North-West (NW) and so on. The obtained CPS-LDM equation developed allows graphical visualization the optimum number of points that can sufficiently segment the ROIs. ImageJ2 software was used to generate the Cartesian coordinates for each landmark which were then used to generate the Shape Space Pattern (SSP) of the phantom carotid artery ready for further statistical analysis. The results showed that the CPS-LD model is generic and adaptable to a variety of transverse cross-sectional B-mode ultrasound images of thin-walled phantom carotid artery
Implementation of EU Requirements in the Field of Fire Safety of Passenger Rolling Stock
Authors: Radziszewska-Wolinska Jolanta Maria , Kaźmierczak Adrian
Published: January 2020

The article discusses fire test results according to EN 45545-2 [1] requirements, for various material groups which were tested at Instytut Kolejnictwa (Railway Research Institute) for Polish producers. Approach to evaluation of CCS equipment and electrical equipment to meet the requirements of fire protection are characterized. Areas of requirements of the EN 45545-2 [1] standard are also presented, which are a challenge for the Polish railways, i.e. producers and research laboratories.
Waste and Cost Reduction for a Water Bottling Process Using Lean Six Sigma
Authors: Wofuru-Nyenke Ovundah King , Nkoi Barinyima , Oparadike Felix Ezekiel
Published: January 2020

In this paper, Lean Six Sigma tools and techniques were utilized to determine the root causes of waste in a water bottling process and proffer solutions to remove these sources of waste in order to produce only standard quality items with minimal to zero waste generated, and also to attain a reduction in production cost. The Value Stream Map (VSM) tool was used to highlight the sources of waste in the current state of operations at the plant, as well as to proffer an improved future state of the production processes at the plant. Also, the Define-Measure-Analyze-Improve-Control (DMAIC) framework of Lean Six Sigma methodology was employed to statistically analyze the root causes of waste in the plant. The analysis showed that the major sources of waste which constitute approximately 80 per cent of waste in the plant are water volume variation, alignment error in the shrink wrapping machine and manual inspection. After implementation of the proposed solutions, manufacturing lead time and cycle time are expected to reduce by approximately 42.1 per cent and 22.2 per cent respectively, with a reduction of 2 quality inspectors in the bottling process, leading to a drop in labour cost.
Microcontroller Based Speech to Text Translation System
Authors: Uko Victor Sorochi , Dubukumah Gachada Benard , Ayosubomi Ibrahim Kafayat
Published: January 2020

For the purpose of an effective communication, speech becomes a convenient conduit to convey messages as an important activity in human life. The need for better reception of voice messages between humans and the environment they interact with becomes a trend and an area of interest that needs to be studied for improvements. A speech to text translation system is an embedded based design that convert analogue signals particularly voice from an input into digital signals that a computer or any electronic device can understand and perform a required task or display the equivalent digital signal in text on a screen. Speech translation systems mitigates the bottlenecks to an efficient communication caused by other varieties of communication methods. Even though speech translation and recognition designs haven’t been well explored for electronic integration due to complexity and variation of sound signals from sources, this low cost, simple and portable project was incorporated to serve as a substratum and alternative in speech to text translation designs using microcontroller, in other to bridge the gaps in the world of human communications. This research paper addresses design methodology, limitations, recommendations and applications of the implemented speech to text translation system for improved communication reception.
Performance Improvement of a Direction Finding System Antenna Using Method of Moment (MOM)
Authors: Anaebo Ogonna F. , Ezeh Gloria N. , Nosiri Onyebuchi Chikezie , Agubor Cosmas K.
Published: January 2020

This paper focuses on the Performance Improvement of a Direction Finding System Antenna Using Method of Moment (MoM) Approach. The work is developed to provide an approximate current distribution for a direction finding system antenna by employing the use of Method of Moment on an array of Yagi-uda antenna. The parameters of the experimental antenna are derived and analyzed via Magnetic Vector Potential (MVP) operator. The accurate current flowing through the radiating elements of the direction finding system is analyzed using combination of Method of Moment technique and Magnetic Vector Potential (MVP) operator. This helps to avoid the detection of false alarms and inability of the system to detect remote targets. A typical direction finding system Yagi antenna is designed and operated at a frequency range of 0.6- 0.8 GHz. The antenna has a single reflector, an active (driven) element and three (3) parasitic directors. The antenna parameters are simulated using MatLab R2010a software tool. The average pointing vector of the designed Yagi antenna was obtained as 3.73watt per square metre, and Radiation Intensity value of about 9.400 coulomb per kilogram. The simulation results indicate an appreciable increase in directivity of 9.03dBi, an enhanced directive gain compared to that of the equivalent dipole antenna of 1.76dBi, signifying 7.27dBi enhancement.
Flammability and Gravity Effect of Horizontal and Vertical Propagating Flames in Tube
Authors: Ebieto Celestine Ebieto , Nyong Oku
Published: January 2020

In the current research, experimental work is investigated for vertically and horizontally downward propagating flames in an open-ended tube. The objective was to study and compare the influence of flammability limits, gravity, and the flame speed in the different tube configuration for two different fuels. The experimental facility included a 20 mm inner diameter tube, 1200 mm in length and an optical access quartz tube made centrally of 700 mm in length. Methane-air and propane-air fuel were compared for both vertically and horizontally downward propagating flames. The flame speed at each equivalence ratios for both fuels was lower for the flame that propagates downward compared to the flame that propagates horizontally. For both fuels, the flammability limits tend to rise for the vertically downward flame. The influence of gravity was seen as the flames become leaner and richer in methane-air and propane-air flames that propagate vertically downwards, causing a transformation in the contour of the flame from a steady curved flame to a vibrating corrugated flame.
A Novel System for Processing User Interfaces
Authors: Ekpar Frank Edughom
Published: January 2020

In this paper we introduce novel automatic and manual processing systems for a versatile graphical user interface comprising one or more N-dimensional background elements each of which is divided into one or more arbitrarily-shaped N-dimensional partitions, wherein each partition may contain one or more user interface elements and is associated with one or more sets of rules that define rendering, positioning, element placement and other relevant attributes and behaviors, wherein said rules can be specified in such a way as to enable said N-dimensional background to assume any desired arbitrary shape and to facilitate expansion to any desired arbitrary size without distortion or loss in quality. Our systems permit the efficient generation of intuitive graphical user interfaces in a wide variety of application domains.
Arbitrary Dimensional Data
Authors: Ekpar Frank Edughom
Published: January 2020

It is a well-known fact that numerous issues in many fields of human endeavor including, but not limited to, science and engineering, medicine, law enforcement and security, economics and finance, governance, psychology, philosophy, religion, and many other fields require the management of arbitrary dimensional data. However, systems permitting direct and efficient management of arbitrary dimensional data currently do not exist. In fact, contemporary systems such as graphical user interfaces for the management of data typically lack even the very concept of arbitrary dimensionality – failing to provide any practical way or means of managing arbitrary dimensional data. Here, we establish the foundational principles for a system permitting practical, direct and efficient management of arbitrary dimensional data. Furthermore, we demonstrate the effectiveness of our system by applying it to an experiment involving eight-dimensional (8D) medical and scientific data sets. Our system has immediate, far-reaching implications for numerous fields of human endeavor – enabling hitherto impossible solutions and applications and leading to deeper insights and improved understanding of numerous issues.
General algorithm for searching user data in social media of the Internet
Authors: Mastykash Oleh , Peleshchyshyn Andii
Published: January 2020

The research work presented within this paper solves the problem of automated search for heterogeneous data in social media of the Internet (SMI). Building a system for obtaining and subsequent analysis of heterogeneous data in SMI – a complex multi-stage process in which specialists of various profiles and qualifications participate. Therefore, one of the main problems in the design of such systems is the coverage of all aspects of the functioning of the software-analytical complex, providing a common language for specialists, which allows us to uniquely, and clearly, understandably formulate the basic concepts of the projects. One of the main and basic tasks in analyzing the pages of a SMI user is to build algorithms for analyzing the user data environment (UDE). The quality of software will depend on the implemented algorithms. The construction of such algorithms, on the one hand, provides an understanding of the process of forming functional individual modules of the system and their interaction, on the other hand, laying a qualitative foundation in the future system. Algorithms for data analysis in the SMI will be designed based on the basic principles of behavior of the user registered in it.
Improving Indonesian Senior High School Students’ Critical Thinking Skill through Science Integrated Learning (SIL) Model
Authors: Nuri Ayu Rahma Ulufa , Sajidan Sajidan , Oetomo Dwi , Prasetyanti Nanik Murti , Parmin Parmin
Published: January 2020

The objectives of this research was to examine the implementation of Science Integrated Learning Model in improving critical thinking skills of 11 Indonesian high school student in the excretion system and immune system. This research is a Class Action Research (CAR). Subjects were eleventh-grade students in the academic year of 2017/2018 consisted of 31 students, specifically 18 male students and 13 female students. The data was collected from students and teachers. Data collection techniques were conducted by observation, interview, and documentation study. The triangulation technique was used to verify the validity of the data. The data analysis technique employed was a qualitative descriptive analysis. The research procedure used an interrelated spiral CAR model. The experiment was conducted in two cycles, each cycle consisted of planning, action implementation, observation, and reflection. The result shows that students' critical thinking skills increased from 42.78% before research, become 54.92% in the first cycle, then 78.73% in the second cycle. It can be concluded that the implementation of the Science Integrated Learning Model can improve the critical thinking skills of 11 Indonesian high school students in the excretion system and immune system.
The Relationship between Problem-Solving Ability and Students' Characters Based on Islamic Perspectives
Authors: Huda Syamsul , Syahrul Muhammad , Firmansyah Mu'min , Ramadhani Rahmi , Prasetiyo Andika Eko
Published: January 2020

The purpose of this study was to analyze the mathematical problem-solving ability and characters of students who were taught using problem-based learning and ordinary learning based on Islamic perspectives. The instrument used in this study was a test of problem-solving ability and a students’ character questionnaire. This research was a quasi-experimental research with pre-test and post-test control group design. The sample of this research was 84 students from Private Islamic School in Medan, North Sumatera, by using a purposive sampling technique. The data in this research was declared homogenous and normal after being tested using the Levene’s Test and Kolmogorov-Smirnov Test. The hypothesis analyzes used was the Two Way-ANOVA test assisted by SPSS 25. The result showed that there was an improvement in mathematical problem-solving ability and students' characters through problem-based learning based on Islamic perspectives. However, there was no interaction between students' gender and problem-solving ability and character improvement based on Islamic perspectives. The gender factor in problem-based learning was not related to students’ cognitive and affective aspects. Each student with any gender had difference characters, especially related to Islamic perspectives. This research-proven that problem-based learning model had an important role in teaching and learning, and it can be used to improve students' mathematical and character problem-solving ability.