bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Circulating Cell-Free Tumour DNA in the Management of Cancer
Authors: Francis Glenn , Stein Sandra
Published: June 2015

With the development of new sensitive molecular techniques, circulating cell-free tumour DNA containing mutations can be identified in the plasma of cancer patients. The applications of this technology may result in significant changes to the care and management of cancer patients. Whilst, currently, these “liquid biopsies” are used to supplement the histological diagnosis of cancer and metastatic disease, in the future these assays may replace the need for invasive procedures. Applications include the monitoring of tumour burden, the monitoring of minimal residual disease, monitoring of tumour heterogeneity, monitoring of molecular resistance and early diagnosis of tumours and metastatic disease.
3D Printable Biophotopolymers for in Vivo Bone Regeneration
Authors: Russmueller Guenter , Liska Robert , Stampfl Juergen , Heller Christian , Mautner Andreas , Macfelda Karin , Kapeller Barbara , Lieber Roman , Haider Agnes , Mika Kathrin , Schopper Christian , Perisanidis Christos , Seemann Rudolf , Moser Doris
Published: June 2015

The present study investigated two novel biophotopolymer classes that are chemically based on non-toxic poly (vinyl alcohol). These vinylesters and vinylcarbonates were compared to standard acrylates in vitro on MC3T3-E1 cells and in vivo in a small animal model. In vitro, both vinylester and vinylcarbonate monomers showed about tenfold less cytotoxicity when compared to acrylates (IC50: 2.922 mM and 2.392 mM vs. 0.201 mM) and at least threefold higher alkaline phosphatase activity (17.038 and 18.836 vs. 5.795, measured at [10 mM]). In vivo, polymerized 3D cellular structures were implanted into the distal femoral condyle of 16 New Zealand White Rabbits and were observed for periods from 4 to 12 weeks. New bone formation and bone to implant contact was evaluated by histomorphometry at end of observation. Vinylesters showed similar rates of new bone formation but significantly less (p = 0.002) bone to implant contact, when compared to acrylates. In contrast, the implantation of vinylcarbonate based biophotopolymers led to significantly higher rates of newly formed bone (p < 0.001) and bone to implant contact (p < 0.001). Additionally, distinct signs of polymer degradation could be observed in vinylesters and vinylcarbonates by histology. We conclude, that vinylesters and vinylcarbonates are promising new biophotopolymers, that outmatch available poly(lactic acid) and (meth)acrylate based materials.
Liquid- and Gas-Phase Diffusion of Ferrocene in Thin Films of Metal-Organic Frameworks
Authors: Zhou Wencai , Wöll Christof , Heinke Lars
Published: June 2015

The mass transfer of the guest molecules in nanoporous host materials, in particular in metal-organic frameworks (MOFs), is among the crucial features of their applications. By using thin surface-mounted MOF films in combination with a quartz crystal microbalance (QCM), the diffusion of ferrocene vapor and of ethanolic and hexanic ferrocene solution in HKUST-1 was investigated. For the first time, liquid- and gas-phase diffusion in MOFs was compared directly in the identical sample. The diffusion coefficients are in the same order of magnitude (~10−16 m2·s−1), whereas the diffusion coefficient of ferrocene in the empty framework is roughly 3-times smaller than in the MOF which is filled with ethanol or n-hexane.
Can Some Marine-Derived Fungal Metabolites Become Actual Anticancer Agents?
Authors: Gomes Nelson , Lefranc Florence , Kijjoa Anake , Kiss Robert
Published: June 2015

Marine fungi are known to produce structurally unique secondary metabolites, and more than 1000 marine fungal-derived metabolites have already been reported. Despite the absence of marine fungal-derived metabolites in the current clinical pipeline, dozens of them have been classified as potential chemotherapy candidates because of their anticancer activity. Over the last decade, several comprehensive reviews have covered the potential anticancer activity of marine fungal-derived metabolites. However, these reviews consider the term “cytotoxicity” to be synonymous with “anticancer agent”, which is not actually true. Indeed, a cytotoxic compound is by definition a poisonous compound. To become a potential anticancer agent, a cytotoxic compound must at least display (i) selectivity between normal and cancer cells (ii) activity against multidrug-resistant (MDR) cancer cells; and (iii) a preferentially non-apoptotic cell death mechanism, as it is now well known that a high proportion of cancer cells that resist chemotherapy are in fact apoptosis-resistant cancer cells against which pro-apoptotic drugs have more than limited efficacy. The present review thus focuses on the cytotoxic marine fungal-derived metabolites whose ability to kill cancer cells has been reported in the literature. Particular attention is paid to the compounds that kill cancer cells through non-apoptotic cell death mechanisms.
Mechanical Relaxation of Metallic Glasses: An Overview of Experimental Data and Theoretical Models
Authors: Liu Chaoren , Pineda Eloi , Crespo Daniel
Published: June 2015

Relaxation phenomena in glasses are a subject of utmost interest, as they are deeply connected with their structure and dynamics. From a theoretical point of view, mechanical relaxation allows one to get insight into the different atomic-scale processes taking place in the glassy state. Focusing on their possible applications, relaxation behavior influences the mechanical properties of metallic glasses. This paper reviews the present knowledge on mechanical relaxation of metallic glasses. The features of primary and secondary relaxations are reviewed. Experimental data in the time and frequency domain is presented, as well as the different models used to describe the measured relaxation spectra. Extended attention is paid to dynamic mechanical analysis, as it is the most important technique allowing one to access the mechanical relaxation behavior. Finally, the relevance of the relaxation behavior in the mechanical properties of metallic glasses is discussed.
Pharmacokinetics and Toxicity of Sodium Selenite in the Treatment of Patients with Carcinoma in a Phase I Clinical Trial: The SECAR Study
Authors: Brodin Ola , Eksborg Staffan , Wallenberg Marita , Asker-Hagelberg Charlotte , Larsen Erik , Mohlkert Dag , Lenneby-Helleday Clara , Jacobsson Hans , Linder Stig , Misra Sougat , Björnstedt Mikael
Published: June 2015

Background: Sodium selenite at high dose exerts antitumor effects and increases efficacy of cytostatic drugs in multiple preclinical malignancy models. We assessed the safety and efficacy of intravenous administered sodium selenite in cancer patients’ refractory to cytostatic drugs in a phase I trial. Patients received first line of chemotherapy following selenite treatment to investigate altered sensitivity to these drugs and preliminary assessment of any clinical benefits. Materials and Methods: Thirty-four patients with different therapy resistant tumors received iv sodium selenite daily for consecutive five days either for two weeks or four weeks. Each cohort consisted of at least three patients who received the same daily dose of selenite throughout the whole treatment. If 0/3 patients had dose-limiting toxicities (DLTs), the study proceeded to the next dose-level. If 2/3 had DLT, the dose was considered too high and if 1/3 had DLT, three more patients were included. Dose-escalation continued until the maximum tolerated dose (MTD) was reached. MTD was defined as the highest dose-level on which 0/3 or 1/6 patients experienced DLT. The primary endpoint was safety, dose-limiting toxic effects and the MTD of sodium selenite. The secondary endpoint was primary response evaluation. Results and Conclusion: MTD was defined as 10.2 mg/m2, with a calculated median plasma half-life of 18.25 h. The maximum plasma concentration of selenium from a single dose of selenite increased in a nonlinear pattern. The most common adverse events were fatigue, nausea, and cramps in fingers and legs. DLTs were acute, of short duration and reversible. Biomarkers for organ functions indicated no major systemic toxicity. In conclusion, sodium selenite is safe and tolerable when administered up to 10.2 mg/m2 under current protocol. Further development of the study is underway to determine if prolonged infusions might be a more effective treatment strategy.
Environmental (Saprozoic) Pathogens of Engineered Water Systems: Understanding Their Ecology for Risk Assessment and Management
Authors: Ashbolt Nicholas
Published: June 2015

Major waterborne (enteric) pathogens are relatively well understood and treatment controls are effective when well managed. However, water-based, saprozoic pathogens that grow within engineered water systems (primarily within biofilms/sediments) cannot be controlled by water treatment alone prior to entry into water distribution and other engineered water systems. Growth within biofilms or as in the case of Legionella pneumophila, primarily within free-living protozoa feeding on biofilms, results from competitive advantage. Meaning, to understand how to manage water-based pathogen diseases (a sub-set of saprozoses) we need to understand the microbial ecology of biofilms; with key factors including biofilm bacterial diversity that influence amoebae hosts and members antagonistic to water-based pathogens, along with impacts from biofilm substratum, water temperature, flow conditions and disinfectant residual—all control variables. Major saprozoic pathogens covering viruses, bacteria, fungi and free-living protozoa are listed, yet today most of the recognized health burden from drinking waters is driven by legionellae, non-tuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) and, to a lesser extent, Pseudomonas aeruginosa. In developing best management practices for engineered water systems based on hazard analysis critical control point (HACCP) or water safety plan (WSP) approaches, multi-factor control strategies, based on quantitative microbial risk assessments need to be developed, to reduce disease from largely opportunistic, water-based pathogens.
Endocytosis of Nanomedicines: The Case of Glycopeptide Engineered PLGA Nanoparticles
Authors: Vilella Antonietta , Ruozi Barbara , Belletti Daniela , Pederzoli Francesca , Galliani Marianna , Semeghini Valentina , Forni Flavio , Zoli Michele , Vandelli Maria , Tosi Giovanni
Published: June 2015

The success of nanomedicine as a new strategy for drug delivery and targeting prompted the interest in developing approaches toward basic and clinical neuroscience. Despite enormous advances on brain research, central nervous system (CNS) disorders remain the world’s leading cause of disability, in part due to the inability of the majority of drugs to reach the brain parenchyma. Many attempts to use nanomedicines as CNS drug delivery systems (DDS) were made; among the various non-invasive approaches, nanoparticulate carriers and, particularly, polymeric nanoparticles (NPs) seem to be the most interesting strategies. In particular, the ability of poly-lactide-co-glycolide NPs (PLGA-NPs) specifically engineered with a glycopeptide (g7), conferring to NPs’ ability to cross the blood brain barrier (BBB) in rodents at a concentration of up to 10% of the injected dose, was demonstrated in previous studies using different routes of administrations. Most of the evidence on NP uptake mechanisms reported in the literature about intracellular pathways and processes of cell entry is based on in vitro studies. Therefore, beside the particular attention devoted to increasing the knowledge of the rate of in vivo BBB crossing of nanocarriers, the subsequent exocytosis in the brain compartments, their fate and trafficking in the brain surely represent major topics in this field.
Analytical Solution for the Stopping Power of the Cherenkov Radiation in a Uniaxial Nanowire Material
Authors: Morgado Tiago , Fernandes David , Silveirinha Mário
Published: June 2015

We derive closed analytical formulae for the power emitted by moving charged particles in a uniaxial wire medium by means of an eigenfunction expansion. Our analytical expressions demonstrate that, in the absence of material dispersion, the stopping power of the uniaxial wire medium is proportional to the charge velocity, and that there is no velocity threshold for the Cherenkov emission. It is shown that the eigenfunction expansion formalism can be extended to the case of dispersive lossless media. Furthermore, in the presence of material dispersion, the optimal charge velocity that maximizes the emitted Cherenkov power may be less than the speed of light in a vacuum.
DNA-Based Nanobiosensors as an Emerging Platform for Detection of Disease
Authors: Abu-Salah Khalid , Zourob Mohammed , Mouffouk Fouzi , Alrokayan Salman , Alaamery Manal , Ansari Anees
Published: June 2015

Detection of disease at an early stage is one of the biggest challenges in medicine. Different disciplines of science are working together in this regard. The goal of nanodiagnostics is to provide more accurate tools for earlier diagnosis, to reduce cost and to simplify healthcare delivery of effective and personalized medicine, especially with regard to chronic diseases (e.g., diabetes and cardiovascular diseases) that have high healthcare costs. Up-to-date results suggest that DNA-based nanobiosensors could be used effectively to provide simple, fast, cost-effective, sensitive and specific detection of some genetic, cancer, and infectious diseases. In addition, they could potentially be used as a platform to detect immunodeficiency, and neurological and other diseases. This review examines different types of DNA-based nanobiosensors, the basic principles upon which they are based and their advantages and potential in diagnosis of acute and chronic diseases. We discuss recent trends and applications of new strategies for DNA-based nanobiosensors, and emphasize the challenges in translating basic research to the clinical laboratory.
Radar Sensing for Intelligent Vehicles in Urban Environments
Authors: Reina Giulio , Johnson David , Underwood James
Published: June 2015

Radar overcomes the shortcomings of laser, stereovision, and sonar because it can operate successfully in dusty, foggy, blizzard-blinding, and poorly lit scenarios. This paper presents a novel method for ground and obstacle segmentation based on radar sensing. The algorithm operates directly in the sensor frame, without the need for a separate synchronised navigation source, calibration parameters describing the location of the radar in the vehicle frame, or the geometric restrictions made in the previous main method in the field. Experimental results are presented in various urban scenarios to validate this approach, showing its potential applicability for advanced driving assistance systems and autonomous vehicle operations.
Performance Analysis of Several GPS/Galileo Precise Point Positioning Models
Authors: Afifi Akram , El-Rabbany Ahmed
Published: June 2015

This paper examines the performance of several precise point positioning (PPP) models, which combine dual-frequency GPS/Galileo observations in the un-differenced and between-satellite single-difference (BSSD) modes. These include the traditional un-differenced model, the decoupled clock model, the semi-decoupled clock model, and the between-satellite single-difference model. We take advantage of the IGS-MGEX network products to correct for the satellite differential code biases and the orbital and satellite clock errors. Natural Resources Canada’s GPSPace PPP software is modified to handle the various GPS/Galileo PPP models. A total of six data sets of GPS and Galileo observations at six IGS stations are processed to examine the performance of the various PPP models. It is shown that the traditional un-differenced GPS/Galileo PPP model, the GPS decoupled clock model, and the semi-decoupled clock GPS/Galileo PPP model improve the convergence time by about 25% in comparison with the un-differenced GPS-only model. In addition, the semi-decoupled GPS/Galileo PPP model improves the solution precision by about 25% compared to the traditional un-differenced GPS/Galileo PPP model. Moreover, the BSSD GPS/Galileo PPP model improves the solution convergence time by about 50%, in comparison with the un-differenced GPS PPP model, regardless of the type of BSSD combination used. As well, the BSSD model improves the precision of the estimated parameters by about 50% and 25% when the loose and the tight combinations are used, respectively, in comparison with the un-differenced GPS-only model. Comparable results are obtained through the tight combination when either a GPS or a Galileo satellite is selected as a reference.
A 3-Axis Miniature Magnetic Sensor Based on a Planar Fluxgate Magnetometer with an Orthogonal Fluxguide
Authors: Lu Chih-Cheng , Huang Jeff
Published: June 2015

A new class of tri-axial miniature magnetometer consisting of a planar fluxgate structure with an orthogonal ferromagnetic fluxguide centrally situated over the magnetic cores is presented. The magnetic sensor possesses a cruciform ferromagnetic core placed diagonally upon the square excitation coil under which two pairs of pick-up coils for in-plane field detection are allocated. Effective principles and analysis of the magnetometer for 3-D field vectors are described and verified by numerically electromagnetic simulation for the excitation and magnetization of the ferromagnetic cores. The sensor is operated by applying the second-harmonic detection technique that can verify V-B relationship and device responsivity. Experimental characterization of the miniature fluxgate device demonstrates satisfactory spatial magnetic field detection results in terms of responsivity and noise spectrum. As a result, at an excitation frequency of 50 kHz, a maximum in-plane responsivity of 122.4 V/T appears and a maximum out-of-plane responsivity of 11.6 V/T is obtained as well. The minimum field noise spectra are found to be 0.11 nT/√Hz and 6.29 nT/√Hz, respectively, in X- and Z-axis at 1 Hz under the same excitation frequency. Compared with the previous tri-axis fluxgate devices, this planar magnetic sensor with an orthogonal fluxguide provides beneficial enhancement in both sensory functionality and manufacturing simplicity. More importantly, this novel device concept is considered highly suitable for the extension to a silicon sensor made by the current CMOS-MEMS technologies, thus emphasizing its emerging applications of field detection in portable industrial electronics.
Neutralisation and Mental Accounting in Ethical Consumption: The Case of Sustainable Holidays
Authors: Schütte Larissa , Gregory-Smith Diana
Published: June 2015

The present research aimed to investigate the decision-making process for sustainable holidays, as a type of ethical consumption related to environmental welfare. Using semi-structured in-depth interviews with 20 German holidaymakers of different ages, it was found that individuals use cognitive processes such as neutralisation and mental accounting to justify their unethical/unsustainable choices and to manage negative emotions. The findings also indicated a lack of spillovers between sustainable behaviours at home and holiday-related behaviours. This could be explained by the identification of “ethical” and “unethical” mental accounts, which the interviewees have disclosed. When the compensation between the two types of mental accounts takes place, neutralisation is not used. It was also found that positive and negative emotions could motivate the choice of sustainable holidays. These findings have implications in relation to marketing communications aimed at creating awareness and encouraging the purchase of sustainable holidays.
Profiling Space Heating Behavior in Chilean Social Housing: Towards Personalization of Energy Efficiency Measures
Authors: Bunster Victor , Noguchi Masa
Published: June 2015

Global increases in the demand for energy are imposing strong pressures over the environment while compromising the capacity of emerging economies to achieve sustainable development. In this context, implementation of effective strategies to reduce consumption in residential buildings has become a priority concern for policy makers as minor changes at the household scale can result in major energy savings. This study aims to contribute to ongoing research on energy consumer profiling by exploring the forecasting capabilities of discrete socio-economic factors that are accessible through social housing allocation systems. Accordingly, survey data gathered by the Chilean Ministry of Social Development was used identify key characteristics that may predict firewood usage for space heating purposes among potential beneficiaries of the Chilean social housing program. The analyzed data evidences strong correlations between general household characteristics and space heating behavior in certain climatic zones, suggesting that personalized delivery of energy efficiency measures can potentially increase the effectiveness of initiatives aimed towards the reduction of current patterns of consumption.
Symmetry-Breaking as a Paradigm to Design Highly-Sensitive Sensor Systems
Authors: Palacios Antonio , In Visarath , Longhini Patrick
Published: June 2015

A large class of dynamic sensors have nonlinear input-output characteristics, often corresponding to a bistable potential energy function that controls the evolution of the sensor dynamics. These sensors include magnetic field sensors, e.g., the simple fluxgate magnetometer and the superconducting quantum interference device (SQUID), ferroelectric sensors and mechanical sensors, e.g., acoustic transducers, made with piezoelectric materials. Recently, the possibilities offered by new technologies and materials in realizing miniaturized devices with improved performance have led to renewed interest in a new generation of inexpensive, compact and low-power fluxgate magnetometers and electric-field sensors. In this article, we review the analysis of an alternative approach: a symmetry-based design for highly-sensitive sensor systems. The design incorporates a network architecture that produces collective oscillations induced by the coupling topology, i.e., which sensors are coupled to each other. Under certain symmetry groups, the oscillations in the network emerge via an infinite-period bifurcation, so that at birth, they exhibit a very large period of oscillation. This characteristic renders the oscillatory wave highly sensitive to symmetry-breaking effects, thus leading to a new detection mechanism. Model equations and bifurcation analysis are discussed in great detail. Results from experimental works on networks of fluxgate magnetometers are also included.
Coordinated DNA Replication by the Bacteriophage T4 Replisome
Authors: Noble Erin , Spiering Michelle , Benkovic Stephen
Published: June 2015

The T4 bacteriophage encodes eight proteins, which are sufficient to carry out coordinated leading and lagging strand DNA synthesis. These purified proteins have been used to reconstitute DNA synthesis in vitro and are a well-characterized model system. Recent work on the T4 replisome has yielded more detailed insight into the dynamics and coordination of proteins at the replication fork. Since the leading and lagging strands are synthesized in opposite directions, coordination of DNA synthesis as well as priming and unwinding is accomplished by several protein complexes. These protein complexes serve to link catalytic activities and physically tether proteins to the replication fork. Essential to both leading and lagging strand synthesis is the formation of a holoenzyme complex composed of the polymerase and a processivity clamp. The two holoenzymes form a dimer allowing the lagging strand polymerase to be retained within the replisome after completion of each Okazaki fragment. The helicase and primase also form a complex known as the primosome, which unwinds the duplex DNA while also synthesizing primers on the lagging strand. Future studies will likely focus on defining the orientations and architecture of protein complexes at the replication fork.
Correction: Hollingworth, R.; Grand, R.J. Modulation of DNA Damage and Repair Pathways by Human Tumour Viruses. Viruses 2015, 7, 2542-2591
Authors: Hollingworth Robert , Grand Roger
Published: June 2015

We have noted a number of errors in the references of this manuscript.[...]
RNA Viruses and RNAi: Quasispecies Implications for Viral Escape
Authors: Presloid John , Novella Isabel
Published: June 2015

Due to high mutation rates, populations of RNA viruses exist as a collection of closely related mutants known as a quasispecies. A consequence of error-prone replication is the potential for rapid adaptation of RNA viruses when a selective pressure is applied, including host immune systems and antiviral drugs. RNA interference (RNAi) acts to inhibit protein synthesis by targeting specific mRNAs for degradation and this process has been developed to target RNA viruses, exhibiting their potential as a therapeutic against infections. However, viruses containing mutations conferring resistance to RNAi were isolated in nearly all cases, underlining the problems of rapid viral evolution. Thus, while promising, the use of RNAi in treating or preventing viral diseases remains fraught with the typical complications that result from high specificity of the target, as seen in other antiviral regimens.
Exosomes and Their Role in the Life Cycle and Pathogenesis of RNA Viruses
Authors: Chahar Harendra , Bao Xiaoyong , Casola Antonella
Published: June 2015

Exosomes are membrane-enclosed vesicles actively released into the extracellular space, whose content reflect the physiological/pathological state of the cells they originate from. These vesicles participate in cell-to-cell communication and transfer of biologically active proteins, lipids, and RNAs. Their role in viral infections is just beginning to be appreciated. RNA viruses are an important class of pathogens and affect millions of people worldwide. Recent studies on Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV), Hepatitis C Virus (HCV), human T-cell lymphotropic virus (HTLV), and Dengue Virus (DENV) have demonstrated that exosomes released from infected cells harbor and deliver many regulatory factors including viral RNA and proteins, viral and cellular miRNA, and other host functional genetic elements to neighboring cells, helping to establish productive infections and modulating cellular responses. Exosomes can either spread or limit an infection depending on the type of pathogen and target cells, and can be exploited as candidates for development of antiviral or vaccine treatments. This review summarizes recent progress made in understanding the role of exosomes in RNA virus infections with an emphasis on their potential contribution to pathogenesis.
Experimental Animal Models of Arteriovenous Malformation: A Review
Authors: Raj Jude , Stoodley Marcus
Published: June 2015

Arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) are congenital lesions that cause brain haemorrhage in children and young adults. Current treatment modalities include surgery, radiosurgery and embolization. These treatments are generally effective only for small AVMs. Over one third of AVMs cannot be treated safely and effectively with existing options. Several animal models have been developed with the aims of understanding AVM pathophysiology and improving treatment. No animal model perfectly mimics a human AVM. Each model has limitations and advantages. Models contribute to the understanding of AVMs and hopefully to the development of improved therapies. This paper reviews animal models of AVMs and their advantages and disadvantages.
A novel role for peptidylarginine deiminases in microvesicle release reveals therapeutic potential of PAD inhibition in sensitizing prostate cancer cells to chemotherapy
Authors: Kholia Sharad , Jorfi Samireh , Thompson Paul R. , Causey Corey P. , Nicholas Anthony P. , Inal Jameel M. , Lange Sigrun
Published: June 2015

Introduction

Protein deimination, defined as the post‐translational conversion of protein‐bound arginine to citrulline, is carried out by a family of 5 calcium‐dependent enzymes, the peptidylarginine deiminases (PADs) and has been linked to various cancers. Cellular microvesicle (MV) release, which is involved in cancer progression, and deimination have not been associated before. We hypothesize that elevated PAD expression, observed in cancers, causes increased MV release in cancer cells and contributes to cancer progression.

Background

We have previously reported that inhibition of MV release sensitizes cancer cells to chemotherapeutic drugs. PAD2 and PAD4, the isozymes expressed in patients with malignant tumours, can be inhibited with the pan‐PAD‐inhibitor chloramidine (Cl‐am). We sought to investigate whether Cl‐am can inhibit MV release and whether this pathway could be utilized to further increase the sensitivity of cancer cells to drug‐directed treatment.

Methods

Prostate cancer cells (PC3) were induced to release high levels of MVs upon BzATP stimulation of P2X7 receptors. Western blotting with the pan‐protein deimination antibody F95 was used to detect a range of deiminated proteins in cells stimulated to microvesiculate. Changes in deiminated proteins during microvesiculation were revealed by immunoprecipitation and immunoblotting, and mass spectrometry identified deiminated target proteins with putative roles in microvesiculation.

Conclusion

We report for the first time a novel function of PADs in the biogenesis of MVs in cancer cells. Our results reveal that during the stimulation of prostate cancer cells (PC3) to microvesiculate, PAD2 and PAD4 expression levels and the deimination of cytoskeletal actin are increased. Pharmacological inhibition of PAD enzyme activity using Cl‐am significantly reduced MV release and abrogated the deimination of cytoskeletal actin. We demonstrated that combined Cl‐am and methotrexate (MTX) treatment of prostate cancer cells increased the cytotoxic effect of MTX synergistically. Refined PAD inhibitors may form part of a novel combination therapy in cancer treatment.
Les campagnes javanaises et le problème de leur surpeuplement à partir d'exemples villageois (Rural densities in Java)
Authors: Blanadet Raymond
Published: June 2015

Résumé. - La population de Java a franchi le seuil des 100 millions d'habitants en 1986, ce qui porte la densité de l'île à 768 hab/km2 contre 309 en 1930. Les densités rurales rapportées aux superficies cultivées dépassent 1 000 hab/km2 et plus souvent encore 1 500 à 2 000 hab/km2 dans les campagnes les plus densement occupées du centre. L'exceptionnelle fertilité des sols et plus encore les remarquables aménagements hydrauliques réalisés depuis le début du siècle ont entraîné une forte intensification agricole et permis ainsi, surtout à partir du début des années 1970, une amélioration constante du niveau de vie des campagnes insulaires. Toutefois, le manque de terre et la prolétarisation croissante de la population rurale qui en découle poussent à réduire impérativement ces tensions démographiques. Trois actions sont engagées pour y parvenir : la réduction des naissances, la transmigration et l'industrialisation. Les résultats obtenus sont suffisamment probants pour laisser penser que le surpeuplement insulaire a d'ores et déjà atteint son seuil maximum à partir duquel le problème devrait progressivement s'atténuer sous l'effet de la croissance.
Le Bukit Badung de Bali (Bukit Badung : peninsula in Bali)
Authors: Dorléans Bernard
Published: June 2015

Abstract. -Bukit Badung, small peninsula in the South of Bali island, is but a poor tropical karst. Since ten years, an enormous touristic center has been developped (37 000 rooms), mostley on the South East Coast, thank to the beautiful beaches.
L'élevage bovin à Bali (Cattle rearing in Bali)
Authors: Salle-Allouis Liliane
Published: June 2015

Abstract. - Bali, small island densely populated by Hindus, has the highest density of cattle in Indonesia and a corned beef factory. How can these aberrant phenomenas be explained ?
Place de la télédétection dans les Systèmes d'Information Géographique (SIG) pour le « Global Change » (Remote sensing and GIS for Global Change)
Authors: Bardinet Claude
Published: June 2015

Résumé. - L'apport des données satellitaires à l'analyse de l'environnement, aux échelles zonales, régionales et urbaines est au programme de toutes les unions et comités scientifiques travaillant sur le programme «IGBP-Global Change» (Programme International Géosphère-Biosphère) lancé en 1984 par l'ICSU (Conseil international des unions scientifiques) à Ottawa (Malone and Roederer Ed. 1985). Le développement rapide des systèmes d'information géographique (SIG) est en relation directe avec les besoins nouveaux apparus en télédétection des milieux physiques et aménagés à toutes échelles, à partir de bases de données géographiques (BDG) intégrées aux cycles d'enregistrements dans la lumière visible, le proche infrarouge, l'infrarouge thermique et les bandes radar. Les géographes participent à l'effort d'enseignement et de recherche sur les SIG.
Acquisition des informations 3-D dans les SIG urbains (Acquisition of 3-D urban data in a GIS)
Authors: Luo Wei
Published: June 2015

Résumé. - Nous présentons une nouvelle méthode de stéréorestitution automatique, qui permet de reconstruire les scènes urbaines 3-D les plus précises et les plus complètes possibles. Cette méthode utilise les modèles de surface (plan et quadratique) afin de corriger les erreurs inhérentes à toutes méthodes classiques de la stéréovision et d'obtenir une surface complète. La méthode a été testée sur un grand nombre des scènes réelles et les résultats ont été évalués quantitativement.
Systèmes d'information géographique, télédétection aérospatiale et gestion des zones parcourues par le feu (GIS and forest fire survey)
Authors: Dagorne Andrée
Published: June 2015

Résumé. - L'article est une contribution à l'élaboration de bases de données multi-sources pour le contrôle des incendies de forêts dans le sud de la France. Un SIG est utilisé pour l'élaboration de cartes thématiques (zones incendiées, végétation, géomorphologie, sols, etc.).
Ce qu'apporte la télédétection à la connaissance du milieu et pour sa gestion, particulièrement en Amazonie : l'expérience de Radambrazil (Contribution of remote sensing for land management : the Radambrazil)
Authors: Tricart Jean
Published: June 2015

Résumé. - Radambrasil fut une experience d'étude d'évolution du paysage en zone tropicale à une échelle locale et régionale grâce à l'utilisation de la télédétection et des données SAR. Si nous souhaitons élaborer de bonnes cartes géomorphologiques et d'utilisation des sols, nous devons être attentifs aux méthodes nouvelles d'investigation,
La cartographie synthétique des risques naturels et technologiques en milieu urbain (Synthetical cartography of natural and technological hazards in urban areas)
Authors: Steinberg Jean
Published: June 2015

Résumé. - Il n'est pas nécessaire d'insister aujourd'hui sur l'importance du thème des risques majeurs en raison des récentes catastrophes écologiques aussi bien dans les pays industrialisés que dans les pays du Tiers-Monde. La cartographie des risques naturels n'est pas nouvelle mais elle a été développée en France au cours des cinq dernières années avec les « Plans d'Expositions aux Risques » en liaison avec l'application de la loi du 13 juillet 1982 sur l'indemnisation des victimes. Nous proposons une cartographie synthétique sur les risques naturels et technologiques en zone urbaine dans le cadre du groupe de travail du CNFG. Elle présente un triple intérêt : prendre conscience des risques technologiques, des effets de leur conjugaison en un même lieu, déterminer des « zones à risques » avant d'entreprendre des études opérationnelles.
Species tree estimation of diploid Helianthus (Asteraceae) using target enrichment
Authors: Stephens Jessica D. , Rogers Willie L. , Mason Chase M. , Donovan Lisa A. , Malmberg Russell L.
Published: June 2015

• Premise of the study: The sunflower genus Helianthus has long been recognized as economically significant, containing species of agricultural and horticultural importance. Additionally, this genus displays a large range of phenotypic and genetic variation, making Helianthus a useful system for studying evolutionary and ecological processes. Here we present the most robust Helianthus phylogeny to date, laying the foundation for future studies of this genus.

• Methods: We used a target enrichment approach across 37 diploid Helianthus species/subspecies with a total of 103 accessions. This technique garnered 170 genes used for both coalescent and concatenation analyses. The resulting phylogeny was additionally used to examine the evolution of life history and growth form across the genus.

• Key results: Coalescent and concatenation approaches were largely congruent, resolving a large annual clade and two large perennial clades. However, several relationships deeper within the phylogeny were more weakly supported and incongruent among analyses including the placement of H. agrestis, H. cusickii, H. gracilentus, H. mollis, and H. occidentalis.

• Conclusions: The current phylogeny supports three major clades including a large annual clade, a southeastern perennial clade, and another clade of primarily large‐statured perennials. Relationships among taxa are more consistent with early phylogenies of the genus using morphological and crossing data than recent efforts using single genes, which highlight the difficulties of phylogenetic estimation in genera known for reticulate evolution. Additionally, conflict and low support at the base of the perennial clades may suggest a rapid radiation and/or ancient introgression within the genus.
GLASSHOUSE LOCATING BASED ON SWARA-COPRAS APPROACH
Authors: KOUCHAKSARAEI Ramtin HAGHNAZAR , ZOLFANI Sarfaraz HASHEMKHANI , GOLABCHI Mahmood
Published: June 2015

Glasshouse is a kind of greenhouse that is larger than prevalent greenhouses. Glasshouses may have wide various applications and totally, is more applicable than greenhouse. One important point about glasshouse that should be considered is selecting a good location. Besides, finding a suitable location for this purpose is so hard because establishing a glasshouse needs a large area. Financial justification which is a major issue in glasshouse Investments highlights the importance of its locating. This research is based on strategic property management perspectives and its results can be used to properly locate an economically justifiable glasshouse in both governmental and private levels. There are some other important criteria affects on this issue. This research aimed at presenting new hybrid framework for glasshouse locating based on two MCDM methods. SWARA and COPRAS are applied in this research for glasshouse locating. This methodology for the first time is applied in a research. SWARA is applied for evaluating criteria and COPRAS is applied for evaluating alternatives. For illustrating the research methodology, a case study in Tehran, Iran is presented in the research. This research can be useful as a framework for this aim and also has the advantage to apply in other research areas.
HOUSING CHOICE STRUCTURE: EXAMPLES OF TWO DIFFERENT-SIZE CITIES FROM TURKEY
Authors: ALKAY Elif
Published: June 2015

The distribution pattern of housing in any urban area will be extremely diverse and heterogeneous. The shape of this pattern depends on intrinsic properties of the housing units themselves as well as on accessibility, environmental quality and the capacity and quality of previously constructed housing stock. How do households make their choices and distribute themselves among such diverse housing areas? The aim of this investigation is to put the factors that could define the choice structure of households by focusing on two different-size cities in Turkey: the Istanbul Metropolitan Area (IMA), where the housing choice is expected to dependent upon economic behavior of households, and Bandırma (BND), a medium-size city, where the housing market is relatively weaker and the choice structure is expected to dependent upon the limited opportunities of supply. The investigation results show that households’ socio-economic characteristics dominate the choice structure in the IMA parallel to the expectation. Housing properties have a more notable impact on the choice structure in BND that acknowledged the relative limitation of the housing market.
SUSTAINABLE RETIREMENT VILLAGE FOR OLDER PEOPLE: A CASE STUDY IN BRISBANE, AUSTRALIA
Authors: XIA Bo , ZUO Jian , SKITMORE Martin , CHEN Qing , RARASATI Ayomi
Published: June 2015

Retirement villages are regarded as a viable accommodation option for the ever increasing ageing population in Australia. This paper aims to identify sustainability features and practices adopted in retirement villages and associated benefits to improve the life quality of older people. A case study of an existing retirement village 10 kms from Brisbane CBD was conducted involving a series of interviews with the village managers and residents together with documents relating to the village's operations and activities. The environmentally friendly features that were incorporated into the development mainly include green design for the site and floor plan and waste management in daily operation. More importantly, a variety of facilities are provided to strengthen the social engagement and interactions among the residents. Additionally, different daily services are provided to assist independent living and improve the health conditions of residents. Also, the relatively low vacancy rate in this village indicates that these sustainability features offer good value of money for the residents. The paper provides a first look at sustainable retirement villages in terms of triple bottom line sustainability with emphasis on social aspects, reveals the importance in maintaining an appropriate balance, and provides examples of how this can be achieved in practice.
STATISTICAL MODELLING OF THE SERVICE LIFE PREDICTION OF PAINTED SURFACES
Authors: CHAI C. , BRITO Jorge De , GASPAR Pedro Lima , SILVA Ana
Published: June 2015

Service life prediction assumes a primary role as it allows a more rational use of construction elements. This constitutes a useful tool in the definition of preventive maintenance plans providing an increase in performance. The main objective of this research is the development of a statistical methodology for the service life prediction of external painted surfaces. This research is based on field data collected via a survey of the state of deterioration of in-service buildings. The degradation is defined by a number of factors that together contribute to the deterioration of painted surfaces thus ending their service life. In this study a mathematical model was defined using a multiple linear regression analysis and this enables the coating's deterioration over time to be expressed as a function of various degradation factors. 220 painted coatings were inspected in 160 buildings of varying construction types. Analytical tools were devised to monitor the performance of paint coatings on walls and estimate their service life. This study contributes to the automation of the maintenance of painted facades, allowing a more rational management of the maintenance of buildings, converted into economic and performance gains.
BIDDING DECISION IN LAND AUCTION USING PROSPECT THEORY
Authors: PENG Yanyan , LIU Xinwang
Published: June 2015

Land auction is widely practiced in company and government decisions, especially in China. Bidders are always faced with two or more auctions in the period of a decision cycle. The outcome of the auction is under high risk. The bidder's risk attitude and preference will have a great influence on his/her bidding price. Prospect theory is currently the main descriptive theory of decision under risk. In this paper, we will consider the preferences of the decision-makers in land bidding decisions with the multi-attribute additive utility and reference point method in cumulative prospect theory. Three land auction models are proposed based on the appearance time of the land auctions. The simultaneous model uses cumulative prospect theory without considering the relationships between the auctions. The time sequential model involves the exchange auction decisions at different time with the third-generation prospect theory. The event sequential model further considers the reference point prediction in sequential land auction decisions. The three models can help the decision-makers make better bidding price decision when they are faced with several land auctions in the period of a decision cycle. A case study illustrates the processes and results of our approaches.
Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder: Overview and Standard Treatment Strategies
Authors: Seibell Phillip J. , Hamblin Rebecca J. , Hollander Eric
Published: June 2015

Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is a common psychiatric illness defined by the presence of distressing intrusive thoughts, impulses, or images (obsessions) and behaviors aimed at neutralizing those thoughts (compulsions). OCD is often chronic and highly debilitating to those who suffer from it, yet appropriate diagnosis and treatment are often not received for many years due to shame, stigma, and misunderstanding. First-line treatments include cognitive-behavioral therapy in the form of exposure and response prevention (ERP), selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs), or a combination of ERP and an SSRI. For treatment-resistant cases of OCD, a number of pharmacological agents have been explored as possible augmentation strategies. This article reviews the epidemiology, pathophysiology, and assessment and treatment approaches for OCD, including a number of exploratory augmentation strategies for refractory cases.

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Psychiatr Ann
. 2015;45(6):297–302.]
Glutamate Modulators in the Treatment of Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder
Authors: Pittenger Christopher
Published: June 2015

Established treatments for obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) are of benefit in approximately 3 of every 4 patients, but refractory disease remains distressingly common, and many treatment responders continue to experience considerable morbidity. This motivates a search for new insights into pathophysiology that may inform novel treatment strategies. Much recent work has focused on the neurotransmitter glutamate. Several lines of neurochemical and genetic evidence suggest that glutamate dysregulation may contribute to OCD, although much remains unclear. The off-label use of a number of pharmacologic agents approved for other indications has been investigated in refractory OCD. This article summarizes investigations of memantine, riluzole, ketamine, D-cycloserine, glycine, N-acetylserine, topiramate, and lamotrigine in OCD. Evidence exists for benefit from each of these in some patients, and although none has been proven effective with sufficient clarity to be considered part of standard care, these agents are options in individuals whose symptoms are refractory to better-established therapeutic strategies.

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Psychiatr Ann
. 2015;45(6):308–315.]
Outcomes with Neuromodulation in Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder
Authors: Pallanti Stefano , Marras Anna , Grassi Giacomo
Published: June 2015

Neuromodulation is a new approach for mental disorders resistant to usual treatment that is network pathway-oriented and involves the use of several devices. It represents a promising tool in the quest for “precision medicine” and is aligned with the National Institute of Mental Health’s research domain criteria-based approach for the treatment of brain diseases. In this article, we review currently available data on neuromodulation approaches for obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). These approaches are repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation, deep transcranial magnetic stimulation, and deep brain stimulation (DBS). DBS and, to a lesser degree, transcranial magnetic stimulation, seem to be promising tools for the treatment of resistant and refractory OCD. However, they both remain experimental, and further studies clarifying their long-term outcome and safety are needed. Biomarkers, more precise definitions, and response predictors are also needed and continue to be works-in-progress.[Psychiatr Ann. 2015;45(6):316–320.]