bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
New Readings in the Demostheneia Inscription from Oinoanda
Authors: Smith Martin Ferguson
Published: January 2007

The inscription with which these notes are concerned relates to the institution of a musical festival at Oinoanda in northern Lycia by C. Iulius Demosthenes in the A.D. 120S. Carved on a block of limestone measuring 1·87 m. (height) × c. 1·05 m. (width) × 0·25 m. (depth), it was discovered in June 1967 by J. Borchhardt at Kemerarası, an ancient site below the hill of Oinoanda on its northern side, just across the river (the upper Xanthos or Seki Çay). The stone had been reused in the construction of a fountain, as was shown by the presence of two large holes containing the remains of lead water-pipes. The text informs us that the inscription was set up in the stoa in front of the provision market (ἀγορὰ βιωτική) given to the Oinoandans by Demosthenes, and, whilst the precise location of the market with the three stoas (of which two were one-storeyed, one two-storeyed) facing it has not been established, there is no doubt at all that it was in Oinoanda itself, and that the Demostheneia inscription, like at least three blocks of the inscription of the Epicurean philosopher Diogenes, was brought down to Kemerarası in late antiquity, perhaps when the hill-top site was abandoned after the failure of the water-supply system.
Excavations at Sos Höyük, 1995: Second Preliminary Report
Authors: Sagona Antonio , Erkmen Mustafa , Sagona Claudia , Thomas Ian
Published: January 2007

Archaeological investigations this year at Sos Höyük, carried out by the University of Melbourne and Erzurum Museum, took place in the summer, between 2 June and 3 August. The aims for the 1995 season included activities both on the mound and off-site. Among the former objectives, was the need to expose further the Medieval settlement on the summit of the mound, and the burnt building of the Hellenistic period in trenches L14 and L13. Excavation was also required in the lower northeast trenches to clarify the depositions of the late third to second millennium B.C. In addition to these largely horizontal operations, we commenced an independent vertical sounding in J14 to obtain a immediate guide to the sequence of Iron Age deposits.

The intensive field survey of the site environs continued, as did the search for the obsidian source in the hilltops around Pasinler. A detailed palaeoecological study of the region was initiated this year. Information from promising pollen cores taken at various altitudes in the Kargapazarı Dağları, the mountain range immediately to the north of the site, will no doubt complement the faunal and botanical data from the excavations. We also conducted a magnetic survey of the ancient cemeteries surrounding the site to better define their boundaries, but human and animal disturbance often made it difficult to discriminate between burials, pits and burrows of comparable magnetic intensity. Finally, there was a concerted effort to organize and establish a new exhibition at Erzurum Museum covering the campaigns at both Büyüktepe Höyük and Sos Höyük.
The Madra Çay Delta Archaeological Project, First Preliminary Report
Authors: Lambrianides K. , Spencer N. , Vardar S. , Gümüş H.
Published: January 2007

In 1995 a new series of multi-disciplinary investigations were initiated by the authors into diachronic human occupation of the coastal plain at Altınova, between Ayvalık and Dikili on the Aegean coast of northwest Turkey (Fig. 1). Altınova lies approximately halfway between the much better-known (and certainly more intensively investigated) archaeological regions of Troy to the north and Bayraklı/Izmir to the south (Fig. 1). Through the plain flows the Madra Çay, and during the Holocene the river's depositional activity has created a large delta clearly visible on most maps as a projection outward into the Lesbos Channel (also known as the Mytilene/Midilli Strait), with the port of Mytilene and the marina of Thermi lying directly opposite (20 km. away) on the island of Lesbos (Fig. 1, Pl. XXII(a)). Altınova's iskele, located in a sand-spit which forms a natural marina, has developed into a modern holiday resort with 5 km. or more of holiday villas along its sandy beaches.
‘Priam's Treasure’: clearly a composite
Authors: Traill David A.
Published: January 2007

Schliemann's first campaign of excavation at Troy (1871–3) culminated in the discovery of ‘Priam's Treasure’. The find remains the largest and certainly the most controversial ever to have been made at Troy. In 1984 l argued that it was not a single find, as Schliemann reports, but a composite, comprising a core of pieces actually found on 31 May 1873 and a number of other pieces found earlier (Traill 1984 = 1993: 127–53). The article generated a considerable response and, apparently, some confusion. For instance, after demonstrating that Schliemann's story of Sophia's assistance at the discovery was a lie, I asked if there were adequate grounds for believing that he had actually found the pieces of ‘Priam's Treasure’ at Troy rather than, say, bought them from local dealers. I then indicated that the answer was ‘overwhelmingly in the affirmative’ and listed six specific reasons why we should believe this. I concluded: ‘These facts constitute a powerful argument that most, and probably all, of the pieces of ‘Priam's Treasure’ were in fact found in Early Bronze Age Troy’ (Traill 1984: 111 = 1993: 148–9). It would have been remarkable if after this I went on to argue, or even to suggest, that some of the pieces might be fakes. I did not. I have never suggested that any item of ‘Priam's Treasure’ is a fake. Yet critics have persistently represented me, either explicitly or implicitly, as holding this view, thereby muddying waters already murky and distracting attention from the real issues. It is hoped that this paper will refocus the debate on relevant topics.
Linseed oil and oil mills in central Turkey Flax/LinumandEruca, important oil plants of Anatolia
Authors: Ertuğ Füsun
Published: January 2007

This article is a preliminary case-study concerning the importance of flax/LinumandErucaas oil plants in central Anatolia. Linseed oil (‘beziryaği’) was produced from bothLinumandErucaseeds, and this oil was used in Anatolian culinary culture, in addition to olive, sesame, cotton, poppy, sunflower, hazel,Cephalaria, safflower and hackberry oils. Linseed oil was also used in oil lamps, to oil wooden-wheeled carts and to rub on the skins of water-buffalo. Both linseed oil and flax seeds were widely used in folk medicine.

The production of linseed oil may have started thousands of years ago in central Anatolia. Both plants are native to Anatolia, and flax seeds have been found at several Neolithic sites. The earliest historical documents concerning linseed oil mills (‘bezirhane’) are Ottoman tax records from 1500–1. Until the 1970s there were still several oil mills in the Aksaray area producing linseed oil during the winter. The residue was used as fodder for draft animals.
An inscribed bowl decorated with wheel abrasion-technique in western Anatolia
Authors: Gürler B.
Published: January 2007

It is difficult to distinguish the eastern series of cut decorated glasses from the western ones. The origin of the western series of some forms with this kind of decoration is attributed to north Italy, while that of the eastern ones is attributed to north Syria by Hayes (1975: 36). However, it is difficult to find parallels in north Syria (Lightfoot 1990: 8), and examples have been found in Cyprus, in the southern coasts of Anatolia, in the Aegean region, in Cyrenaica, in the northern coasts of the Black Sea and in south Russia (Harden 1958: 49, no 13; Vessberg 1965: 44/19; Oliver 1983: 255, no 51; Hayes 1975: 56 no 132; Price 1985: 72, 96, no 8; Dusenbery 1967: 45–46, nos 36, 37, 39, 41; Sorokina 1965: 234–35, fig 71.20; Zapheiropoulou 1984: 308–09; Brock, Young 1949: pls 28.2, 30.4; Davidson 1952: 101, fig 8 no 367, 369). Therefore, it is accepted that the origins of some series of cut decorated glasses are in western Anatolian workshops (Lightfoot 1990: 9).
Die eisenzeitliche Stratigraphie von Lidar Höyük
Authors: Müller Uwe
Published: January 2007

Lidar Höyük was situated on the east bank of the Euphrates river, about 50km northwest of the provincial capital Şanlıurfa and within sight of the mound of Samsat on the opposite bank. Since 1988 these sites have been flooded by the waters of the Atatürk Dam Basin. Excavations at Lidar Höyük took place in the years from 1979 to 1987. They were conducted by the Institute für Ur- und Frühgeschichte und Vorderasiatische Archäologie of the University of Heidelberg under the direction of Hauptmann. The occupation levels reached from the Islamic down to the Chalcolithic Period. Iron Age structures were found mainly in a large trench called Q, R, S 44-45, where an unbroken stratigraphy from the 13th to the sixth century BC could be excavated.
Northeastern Anatolia: on the periphery of empires
Authors: Parker Anna
Published: January 2007

Northeastern Anatolia during the Iron Age has long been neglected archaeologically, yet historical sources attest to its importance, located on the frontiers of the Urartian and Persian empires and witness to numerous incursions by diverse groups such as the Medes, Cimmerians and Scythians. The archaeological potential of the area was first revealed by surface surveys carried out in the 1940s and 1950s. However, with the University of Melbourne's excavations and surface survey of sites in the Bayburt and Erzurum provinces, there is now a significant body of material emerging for study.

Historical and archaeological foci have traditionally been with the centres of empires, the core or optimal areas, while it is in the periphery, or marginal areas that the dynamics of social change are most evident. These foci largely stem from the inherent difficulties involved in gleaning information on peripheral areas.
Early iron metallurgy in Anatolia
Authors: Yalçın Ünsal
Published: January 2007

The beginning of the Iron Age is generally dated to the last quarter of the second millennium BC in Anatolia and the Near East. The development of iron metallurgy allowed many tools and weapons to be produced in this period. The earliest iron finds, which are not more than a dozen, occur in the third millennium BC in Anatolia (Waldbaum 1980 discusses these early finds). Considering that pure iron occurs rarely in nature, the most important question is: what were these objects made of? Preliminary analyses of a few Bronze Age finds show that some of them contain nickel. Because of this it is generally accepted and frequently cited that these finds were made of meteoric iron.
Urartian crop plant remains from Patnos (Aǧri), eastern Turkey
Authors: Dönmez Emel Oybak
Published: January 2007

The analysis of eight samples of carbonised plant material from the Patnos area (Aǧri), an important site of the Urartian period in eastern Turkey is presented. Bread/macaroni wheat (Triticum aestivum L./T. durum Desf.) and domesticated emmer wheat (Triticum dicoccum Schübl.) are the main crop plants. Hulled barley (Hordeum L.) is less abundantly represented. Pulse seeds, bitter vetch (Vicia ervilia (L.) Willd.), lentil (Lens culinaris Medik.) and Latyhrus L.-type were found in smaller numbers. A few wild seeds were also recorded.
Intoxication with Buckthorn (Karwinskia Humboldtiana): Report of Three Siblings
Authors: Ocampo-Roosens L. Valeria , Ontiveros-Nevares Patricia G. , Fernández-Lucio Obed
Published: January 2007

A variety of plants and seeds, some of which are used for therapeutic and nutritional purposes, can cause neurotoxic symptoms. The ingestion of the green or ripe fruit of the Karwinskia humboldtiana (buckthorn), a bush known in Mexico as coyotillo or tullidora, causes a flaccid, symmetric, progressive, and ascending palsy of the lower limbs, which, in severe cases, can cause bulbar palsy and death. The neurologic symptoms are similar to those of poliomyelitis, Guillain-Barré syndrome, and other polyradiculoneuritis syndromes, for which it is often mistaken. The clinical diagnosis of intoxicated patients can be difficult without a history of the fruit ingestion. We present a report of three siblings with buckthorn intoxication.
Maternal Pancreatic Carcinoma Metastatic to the Placenta: A Case Report and Literature Review
Authors: Al-Adnani Mudher , Kiho Liina , Scheimberg Irene
Published: January 2007

In this article, we report a case of maternal pancreatic carcinoma metastatic to the placenta. The baby is alive and well, with no evidence of tumor metastasis at the age of 1 year. We also present a comprehensive review of all maternal cancers with metastasis to the placenta and/or baby published in the English language.
Nkx2.5‐negative myocardium of the posterior heart field and its correlation with podoplanin expression in cells from the developing cardiac pacemaking and conduction system
Authors: Gittenberger‐De Groot Adriana C. , Mahtab Edris A.F. , Hahurij Nathan D. , Wisse Lambertus J. , Deruiter Marco C. , Wijffels Maurits C.E.F. , Poelmann Robert E.
Published: January 2007

Recent advances in the study of cardiac development have shown the relevance of addition of myocardium to the primary myocardial heart tube. In wild‐type mouse embryos (E9.5–15.5), we have studied the myocardium at the venous pole of the heart using immunohistochemistry and 3D reconstructions of expression patterns of MLC‐2a, Nkx2.5, and podoplanin, a novel coelomic and myocardial marker. Podoplanin‐positive coelomic epithelium was continuous with adjacent podoplanin‐ and MLC‐2a‐positive myocardium that formed a conspicuous band along the left cardinal vein extending through the base of the atrial septum to the posterior myocardium of the atrioventricular canal, the atrioventricular nodal region, and the His‐Purkinje system. Later on, podoplanin expression was also found in the myocardium surrounding the pulmonary vein. On the right side, podoplanin‐positive cells were seen along the right cardinal vein, which during development persisted in the sinoatrial node and part of the venous valves. In the MLC‐2a‐ and podoplanin‐positive myocardium, Nkx2.5 expression was absent in the sinoatrial node and the wall of the cardinal veins. There was a mosaic positivity in the wall of the common pulmonary vein and the atrioventricular conduction system as opposed to the overall Nkx2.5 expression seen in the chamber myocardium. We conclude that we have found podoplanin as a marker that links a novel Nkx2.5‐negative sinus venosus myocardial area, which we refer to as the posterior heart field, with the cardiac conduction system. Anat Rec, 290:115–122, 2007. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Mixed‐Metal Dawson Sandwich Complexes: Synthesis, Spectroscopic Characterization and Electrochemical Behaviour of Na16[MIICo3(H2O)2(P2W15O56)2] (M = Mn, Co, Ni, Zn and Cd)
Authors: Ruhlmann Laurent , Costa‐Coquelard Claire , Canny Jacqueline , Thouvenot René
Published: January 2007

Mixed‐metal Dawson sandwich complexes [MCo3(H2O)2(P2W15O56)2]16– (represented as {MCo3P4W30}) have been synthesized by the reaction of M2+ (where M = Mn, Co, Ni, Zn and Cd) with the “lacunary” sandwich complex αβ‐[NaCo3(H2O)2(P2W15O56)2]17– (represented as {NaCo3P4W30}): [NaCo3(H2O)2(P2W15O56)2]17– + M2+ → [MCo3(H2O)2(P2W15O56)2]16– + Na+. The {MCo3P4W30} species were characterized by IR spectroscopy, elemental analysis and 31P solution NMR spectroscopy. The electrochemical behaviour of these mixed‐metal sandwich complexes was investigated in aqueous solution and compared with that of ββ‐[Co4(H2O)2(P2W15O56)2]16– (represented as ββ‐{Co4P4W30}) and {NaCo3P4W30}. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2007)
Effect of vertical grid variability on a free surface flow model
Authors: Bradford Scott F.
Published: January 2007

A previously developed numerical model that solves the incompressible, non‐hydrostatic, Navier–Stokes equations for free surface flow is analysed on a non‐uniform vertical grid. The equations are vertically transformed to the σ‐coordinate system and solved in a fractional step manner in which the pressure is computed implicitly by correcting the hydrostatic flow field to be divergence free. Numerical consistency, accuracy and efficiency are assessed with analytical methods and numerical experiments for a varying vertical grid discretization. Specific discretizations are proposed that attain greater accuracy and minimize computational effort when compared to a uniform vertical discretization. Published in 2007 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Modelling of the free surface with heat and mass transfer considerations on a liquid filling a porous slab heated from its sides
Authors: Prabhu S. M. , Soundarajankrishnan T.
Published: January 2007

The position of the free surface is calculated numerically for a porous slab which is partly filled with a liquid and differentially heated from its sides. A coordinate transformation is used to transform the original problem from a physical coordinate system to a non‐orthogonal system where the free surface becomes a fixed straightline. The transformed problem is then solved using a finite difference method. Results are obtained for Rayleigh numbers up to 1000. The Nusselt numbers increase slightly with medium Rayleigh numbers (convection‐dominated region) as expected. Since at low Ra the conduction is dominant and at high Ra radiation is dominant. Hadizadeh and Tien (Int. J. Heat Mass Transfer 2004; 17(6):799–804) studied the forced convection on the surface of porous layer. In that paper they dealt with in detail the boundary regime of liquid in the channel and modelled the flow and heat transfer. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Global relationships of Argentine (Neuquén Basin) Early Cretaceous ammonite faunas
Authors: Rawson Peter F.
Published: January 2007

Of the 16 ammonite families of Valanginian to Early Barremian age, six are represented in the Neuquén Basin–the Neocomitidae, Olcostephanidae, Oosterellidae, Holcodiscidae, Ancyloceratidae and Douvilleiceratidae. Normally, only one or two ammonite genera occur at any one level, and there were ten turnovers at family level. Each turnover marks an important immigration event and other immigrations sometimes occurred between. All the taxa are of Tethyan origin; but while some immigrants are Andean Province forms, other are taxa that for at least part of their temporal range achieved an almost pandemic distribution, even invading the marginal Boreal basins of NW Europe (North Sea and Lower Saxony basins). The Neuquén and NW European basins lay at similar palaeolatitudes south and north of the equator, and there are striking similarities between some of the immigrants to the two areas. Links between the NW European and other South American faunas suggest a possible direct marine connection between the two areas. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Interfacial shear strength of titanium implants in bone is significantly improved by surface topographies with high pit density and microroughness
Authors: Deyneka‐Dupriez Nataliya , Kocdemir Bora , Herr Ulrich , Fecht Hans‐Jörg , Wilke Hans‐Joachim , Claes Lutz
Published: January 2007

Surface structure of implants influences bone response and interfacial shear strength between implants and bone. The aim of this study was to find topographical parameters that correlate with the interfacial shear strength. Two groups of sand‐blasted titanium screws were implanted in 17 sheep tibia, each for 2–52 weeks: (A) acid pickled with HF/HNO3; (B) acid etched with HCl/H2SO4. Screw removal torque was measured and surface topography of both implant groups was studied by scanning electron microscopy, optical profilometry, and scanning probe microscopy. The roughness as well as the surface area of type A surface was higher in the scan region of 100 μm, but the microroughness and surface area of type B surface was higher in the scan region of 10 μm. A significantly higher removal torque (interfacial shear strength) of the surface treatment type B (412 ± 60 Ncm) compared to surface treatment type A (157 ± 33 Ncm) was found after 52 weeks of implantation in sheep due to differences in microroughness of both types of screws. It was also shown that the specification of the parameters Δa, Ra and Rq was not sufficient to characterize the properties of the implant surfaces. The analysis of Rq parameter over wavelengths was required to characterize the size, shape and distribution of the implant surface structures. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 2007
How Entergy's communication response to Hurricane Katrina boosted employee morale and sped service recovery
Authors: Geno Tricia
Published: January 2007

Hurricane Katrina put New Orleans‐based Entergy Corporation's crisis communications plan to the ultimate test. The challenge: Keep critical information flowing to thousands of its employees personally affected by the storm's destruction, and to its frontline crews working around the clock to restore utility services for more than a million Gulf Coast customers. The New Orleans‐based energy company was faced with restoring service for customers even as thousands of its own employees experienced personal and professional stress. Yet despite disruptions to telephones and several other communications channels, Entergy succeeded in applying its crisis communication plan, using Web‐based communications, and leveraging the communication style of senior leadership to boost employee morale and speed the restoration of services critical to the recovery of Gulf South communities. © 2006 by Entergy Services, Inc.
Creating a virtuous spiral organization
Authors: Lawler III Edward E.
Published: January 2007

Organizations with outstanding people and outstanding management systems create a self‐reinforcing cycle of escalating performance—the virtuous spiral. Laying the groundwork for this win‐win condition requires the right management practices in seven key areas: defining the values of the workplace; hiring people who fit those values; making training and development ongoing; designing work as meaningful; delineating the strategies, goals, and values of the organizational mission; devising appropriate reward systems; and hiring and developing the right leadership under whom the organization can thrive.© 2006 Hewitt Associates LLC.
On the treatment of frictional rolling contact
Authors: Ziefle M. , Nackenhorst U.
Published: January 2007

In FEM analysis of rolling contact problems Arbitrary Lagrangian‐Eulerian (ALE) methods are the state of the art. These methods allow mesh refinements concentrated to the contact region and offer a time independent formulation of stationary elastic rolling. The relative‐kinematic description of rolling leads to a relative motion between finite element mesh and material points. Thus in contrast to a pure Lagrangian description of rolling the relative movement of the material particles is not determined directly. The contact problem is assumed as deformable‐rigid and its contact constraints are included by the penalty‐method. For the computation of the frictional tire‐road contact the slip velocities have to be integrated along the pathlines of the material particles. (© 2006 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Interaction of a Solitary Wave with a Porous Elliptical Cylinder
Authors: Basmat A.
Published: January 2007

In this paper the diffraction of a plane first order solitary wave by a vertical permeable elliptical cylinder is investigated and the corresponding wave loading is computed. The analytical model presented here is employs Boussinesq equations to describe the diffraction. The solution procedure is based on the perturbation theory, where a perturbation parameter defined in terms of the surface geometry of the cylinder is used. The flow through the porous cylinder is assumed to obey Darcy's law. The effects of porosity, relative wave length and the incident wave angle are discussed. (© 2006 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Energy models where the equations are defined on different domains
Authors: Glitzky Annegret
Published: January 2007

We investigate a stationary energy model for semiconductor devices and respect the more realistic assumption that the continuity equations for electrons and holes have to be investigated only in a subdomain Ω0 of the domain of definition Ω of the energy balance equation and of the Poisson equation. This nonlinear system of model equations is strongly coupled and has to be considered in heterostructures and with mixed boundary conditions. We obtain a local existence and uniqueness result for the two‐dimensional stationary energy model. For this purpose we derive a W1,p ‐regularity result for solutions of systems of elliptic equations with different regions of definition and use the Implicit Function Theorem. (© 2006 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
A two‐scale reaction‐diffusion system with time‐dependent microstructure
Authors: Meier Sebastian A. , Böhm Michael
Published: January 2007

We present a two‐scale model for reactive transport in a unsaturated porous medium. Reaction and diffusion of a gas dissolved in the pore water is modelled at the pore‐scale, while the fast transport of the gas in the air phase is described by an averaged equation. The pore geometry is allowed to vary in time to account for temporal changes of the domain occupied by the pore water. The resulting semilinear parabolic system of PDEs is coupled in a non‐standard way. After a transformation to a fixed domain, the existence of a unique weak W1,p ‐solution is established by semigroup methods. (© 2006 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Stochastic Modelling of Wind Speed Power Production Correlations
Authors: Gottschall Julia , Anahua Edgar , Barth Stephan , Peinke Joachim
Published: January 2007

Based on measurements we investigate the velocity‐power characteristic of a 2 MW wind turbine. We apply a stochastic analysis where we describe the evolution of the power output with a Langevin equation, with special respect to short‐time fluctuations in wind speed.

Standard procedures, such as the IEC 61400‐12 standard, are limited due to the fact that only mean values over several minutes of wind speed and power output are considered. According to this, short‐time dynamics of wind and power fluctuations are usually not taken into account. We introduce an improved method which enables us to extract these dynamics of the power characteristic from the measured data.

In particular, we get the response dynamics of the power L (u (t)) via the estimation of Kramers‐Moyal coefficients, describing its evolution in time$ \dot L $(t) with a Langevin equation where we separate the power output into a relaxation and a noise part. A fixed‐point analysis provides the required power characteristic. (© 2006 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Mixed Integer Models for Branched Sheet Metal Products
Authors: Günther Ute , Martin Alexander
Published: January 2007

A new technique for forming sheet metal makes it possible to construct branched sheet metal products out of one piece of sheet metal. Since the number of potential ways to produce one and the same component increases exponentially with every additional branch, appropriate tools for handling the large number of possibilities are necessary. In this paper we give a Mixed Integer Program that models the different ways of producing branched profiles and show how to incorporate manufacturing constraints into the model. (© 2006 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Extra Precise Preconditioning for Non‐Hermitian Eigenvalue Problems
Authors: Drygalla Volker
Published: January 2007

For badly conditioned Non‐Hermite eigenvalue problems known iterative refinement procedures often fail. It is proposed to use extra precise iterative refinement in a precondition step. As preconditioners the matrix Q from the QR decomposition or at least the matrix of ‐ even not very accurate ‐ eigenvalues can be used. (© 2006 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
On some numerical methods for an inverse potential problemin 2D semi infinite regions
Authors: Chapko R. , Vintonyak N.
Published: January 2007

We consider the inverse Dirichlet boundary value problem for the Laplace equation that consists in the reconstruction of the bounded inclusion in the 2D domain with infinite boundary from Cauchy data observed on it. In order to solve this problem we apply the Landweber [3] and hybrid [1] methods and investigate ‐ mostly numerically ‐ their goals and defects in the case of semi‐infinite regions. (© 2006 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Numerical Simulation of Dendritic Crystal Growth
Authors: Müller Rüdiger , Warnecke Gerald
Published: January 2007

We consider the modified Stefan‐Problem with Gibbs‐Thomson correction, but vanishing kinetic undercooling. In this case the interface velocity is not given by mean curvature flow, but has to be computed explicitly from the temperature gradients at the interface. A finite element method on adaptive refined multigrids is presented here. Dirichlet conditions have to be satisfied along the solid‐liquid interface that in general may intersect the elements. We use an implicit level‐set representation of the interface that preserves it as a sharp surface, in contrast to the phase‐field method. In numerical simulations we observe dendritic patterns that show good agreement with different features of physical experiments. (© 2006 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Level Set Methods in a Benchmark for Thermoacoustic Instabilities
Authors: Arens Kai , Klingshirn Hans‐Joachim , Rentrop Peter
Published: January 2007

Gas turbines can suffer from combustion instabilities and combustion driven oscillations. As a prestep a 3D benchmark tube geometry for the complicated interactions between acoustics and thermal heat release is investigated. For the representation of the flame surface a Level Set approach was chosen. The resulting model includes the impact of curvature on the laminar burning velocity as well as the potential flow field and underlying velocity fields due to vorticity and volume expansion across the flame front. The acoustic equations and the thermal heat release are coupled by the acoustic velocity which is also included in the flame model. A numerical simulation of this benchmark problem is presented as a first step toward optimizing or controlling the stability behavior of the system. (© 2006 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Optimization of Linear System under Convex Endpoint Constraints
Authors: Balashevich Natalia
Published: January 2007

An algorithm of real‐time realization of optimal feedback for linear control system with convex endpoint constraints is suggested. It is based on solving linear approximative problems and correction of obtained solution by the Newton method. (© 2006 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Coupling conditions for supply networks and resulting optimization problems
Authors: Göttlich Simone , Herty Michael
Published: January 2007

We discuss a continuous model for production lines based on ordinary and partial differential equations and recall coupling conditions for connecting different suppliers of the supply chain. Based on this model we state an optimization problem for distributing flows in supply chains and investigate this numerically. (© 2006 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Horizontal parametric resonant vibration of suspension footbridges
Authors: Grosel Jacek , Wójcicki Zbigniew
Published: January 2007

The possibility of exciting horizontal parametric resonance vibration in a cable stayed footbridge as a result of a premeditated action of a group of people, or of crowd movement, is analysed. Large horizontal transverse vibration are caused by the vertical periodic synchronised movement of people, which is analogical to the movements of a person on a swing. The problem studied is how large a group of people is able to excite dangerous parametric transversal vibration in the system. (© 2006 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Method of Integro‐Differential Relations for Optimal Beam Control
Authors: Georgy Kostin , Vasily Saurin
Published: January 2007

An approach to modelling and optimization of controlled dynamical systems with distributed elastic and inertial parameters are considered. The general method of integro‐differential relations (IDR) for solving a wide class of boundary value problems is developed and criteria of solution quality are proposed [1]. A numerical algorithm for discrete approximation of controlled motions is worked out [2] and applied to design the optimal control low steering an elastic system to the terminal position and minimizing the given objective function [3]. The polynomial control of plane motions of a homogeneous cantilever beam is investigated. The optimal control problem of beam transportation from the initial rest position to given terminal states, in which the full mechanical energy of the system reaches its minimal value, is considered. (© 2006 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Trajectory planning and tracking control of lumped LTI systems
Authors: Lindert Sven‐Olaf , Reinschke Kurt
Published: January 2007

Many plants can be modelled as lumped LTI‐systems and described by Differential‐Algebraic‐Equations (DAEs). Systems with m ≥ 1 control inputs are investigated in the frequency domain. It is proved that there exist m basis variables, whose trajectories may be chosen arbitrarily. Then, the trajectories of all system signals including the control signals are entirely determined. In case of unstable plants, trajectory tracking controllers must be added. (© 2006 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Analysis of optimality in singular control
Authors: Popescu Mihai
Published: January 2007

The non‐negativity, respectively, negativity conditions of the second variation of the performance index, give the sufficient optimality and non‐optimality criteria for the singular control. (© 2006 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Vibration of a Complex Strings System under a Moving Force
Authors: Rusin J. , Śniady P.
Published: January 2007

We consider vibrations of an elastically connected double‐spring complex system subjected to moving concentrated forces. This system is treated as two strings connected by an elastic layer. The motion of the system is described by two partial differential equations. It is shown that some solutions of the system response can be obtained not only as series but also in closed forms. (© 2006 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Theoretical and experimental investigation of tyre dynamics
Authors: Takács Dénes , Stépán Gábor
Published: January 2007

The lateral vibration of towed wheels ‐ also called shimmy ‐ is related to the elasticity of the suspension system or to the elasticity of the wheel. The second case is studied here since the majority of the vehicles has pneumatic tyres. A one degree‐of‐freedom wheel model is considered with perfect rolling and elastic tyre. To verify the theoretical stability charts, an experimental rig is built and one of the stability boundaries is identified. Close to a double Hopf bifurcation point quasiperiodic vibrations are observed. (© 2006 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Fuzzy supervised neurocontrol of electrohydraulic servos
Authors: Ursu Ioan , Ursu Felicia , Tecuceanu George , Cristea Radu
Published: January 2007

The work presents theoretical and experimental investigations concerning the neuro‐fuzzy control of electrohydraulic servos. The control algorithm is built around a neurocontroller designed to optimize a performance index. Whenever the neurocontrol saturates or a system performance parameter decreases, the control scheme switches to a feasible and reliable fuzzy logic control. In accordance with simulation studies developed in previous works of the authors, the neuro‐fuzzy controlled system proves often to be better than the corresponding classical PI or LQG systems. We emphasize that the entire control synthesis is thought as a model free approach, thus ensuring reduced design complexity and focusing on increased system robustness. (© 2006 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
On positive descriptor systems
Authors: Virnik Elena
Published: January 2007

When economical, biological or chemical systems are modelled by descriptor systems, in which the state x describes concentrations, populations of species, or numbers of cells, then the solution is a nonnegative vector function. Hence, the numerical methods for the control or simulation should respect this special structure. We define and characterise positivity for descriptor systems. Furthermore, for a special case, we show a Schur complement decoupling technique that reduces a descriptor system to the ODE case. We use this technique to present a characterisation of the existence of positive solutions to generalised Lyapunov equations. (© 2006 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
The effect of biological studies of polyester composites filled carbon black and activated carbon from bamboo (Gigantochloa scortechinii)
Authors: Khalil H.P.S. Abdul , Noriman N.Z. , Ahmad M.N. , Fuaad N.A. Nik , Ratnam M.M.
Published: January 2007

The development of composites using various filler material increased significantly nowadays. Composite materials need to implement the biological and mechanicals impact in their life cycle. The carbon black (CB) and activated carbon (AC) from bamboo (Gigantochloa scortechinii) were used as filler in polyester composites. CB and AC were pyrolized to 700°C and activated with ZnCl2. The composites were prepared with 40% filler loading. The degradation of the composites CB and AC (mechanical properties) to the soil burial test was determined. Tensile, flexural, impact and mass changes of the buried samples were investigated. The deterioration of the samples affected by the biological attack was confirmed by SEM studies. The assessment was done after 0, 3, 6, and 12 months of the biological exposure and the results were compared with the composites filled CaCO3 (commercial filler) and cast polyester resin (as control). POLYM. COMPOS. 28:6–14, 2007. © 2007 Society of Plastics Engineers
Recycled milk pouch and virgin LDPE‐LLDPE‐based jute fiber composites
Authors: Choudhury Arup , Adhikari Basudam
Published: January 2007

The present investigation deals with the thermo‐mechanical recycling of post consumer milk pouches (LDPE‐LLDPE blend) and its use as jute fiber composite materials for engineering applications. The mechanical, thermal, morphological, and dynamic‐mechanical properties of recycled milk pouch‐based jute fiber composites with different fiber contents were evaluated and compared with those of the virgin LDPE‐LLDPE/jute fiber composites. Effect of artificial weathering on mechanical properties of different formulated composites was determined. The recycled polymer‐based jute fiber composites showed inferior mechanical properties as well as poor thermal stability compared to those observed for virgin polymer/jute fiber composites. However, the jute‐composites made with (50:50) recycled milk pouch‐virgin LDPE‐LLDPE blend as polymer matrix indicated significantly superior properties in comparison to the recycled milk pouch/jute composites. Overall mechanical performances of the recycled and virgin polymeric composites were correlated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The dynamic mechanical analysis showed that storage modulus values were lower for recycled LDPE‐LLDPE/jute composites compared to virgin LDPE‐LLDPE/jute composites throughout the entire temperature range, but an increase in the storage modulus was observed for recycled‐virgin LDPE‐LLDPE/jute composites. POLYM. COMPOS. 28:78–88, 2007. © 2007 Society of Plastics Engineers
Observation of boron enrichments in a heat‐treated quasi‐binary hypoeutectic NiAlHfB2 alloy by means of atom probe field‐ion microscopy (APFIM)
Authors: Deges J. , Rablbauer R. , Frommeyer G. , Schneider A.
Published: January 2007

The mechanical properties of the inter‐metallic phase NiAl with B2 superlattice structure can be improved by strengthening particles of the IV B transition‐metal diborides formed in situ. These compounds form with NiAl quasi‐binary eutectic systems. Among them, the quasi‐eutectic alloy with hafnium diboride exhibits favourable properties owing to its excellent oxidation resistance and high thermal stability up to 1400 °C. The eutectic composition of the quasi‐binary system NiAlHfB2 was determined to be 0.75 at.% Hf and 1.5 at.% B, and the eutectic temperature is Teut = 1640 °C.

In the present study, the microstructure of the hypoeutectic NiAlHf0.6B1.2 alloy was characterised after heat treatment at 1400 °C for 100 h by means of SEM, TEM, and atom probe field‐ion microscopy (APFIM). The alloy consists of fine globular and fibrous eutectics HfB2 and primary NiAl, with high thermal stability. APFIM investigations on the heat‐treated alloy indicate a relatively high density of small boron clusters containing a few boron atoms (about 5–15 boron atoms) and line‐shaped enrichments of about 50–200 boron atoms. These are free from hafnium and other impurities of transition metals and exhibit a depletion of aluminium. For an exact determination of the composition even by using high‐resolution APFIM, their sizes seemed to be too small.

The appearance of boron‐rich clusters is in contrast to the formation of HfB2 of high thermodynamic stability and the very low solubility of boron and hafnium in B2‐ordered NiAl. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The Enterococcus hirae Mur‐2 enzyme displays N‐acetylglucosaminidase activity
Authors: Eckert Catherine , Magnet Sophie , Mesnage Stéphane
Published: January 2007

Enterococcus hirae produces two autolytic enzymes named Mur‐1 and Mur‐2, both previously described as N‐acetylmuramidases. We used tandem mass spectrometry to show that Mur‐2 in fact displays N‐acetylglucosaminidase activity. This result reveals that Mur‐2 and its counterparts studied to date, which are members of glycosyl hydrolase family 73 from the CAZy (Carbohydrate‐Active enZyme) database, display the same catalytic activity.
Dietary carbohydrates with different rates of fermentation affect fermentation end-product profiles in different sites of gastro-intestinal tract of weaning piglet
Authors: Awati A. , Williams B. A. , Bosch M.W. , Verstegen M.W.A.
Published: January 2007

Anin vivoexperiment was conducted to examine changes in fermentation end-products in the gastro-intestinal tract (GIT) of weaning piglets by the inclusion of fermentable carbohydrates in the diet. The experiment was repeated in three replicates of 36 piglets. Piglets were raised free of antibiotics and creep feeding prior to weaning at 4 weeks of age. Each replicate was conducted over a period of 10 days. The piglets were offered one of two dietary treatments: control diet (CON), and fermentable carbohydrate enriched diet (CHO); and were subjected to one of the two fasting treatments (i) fasting for 2 days in the beginning of the experimental period and (ii) non-fasting. Piglets were slaughtered on the 1st, 4th and 10th day of each period. Digesta samples were collected from: first half of small intestine, second half of small intestine, caecum, and colon. The dry matter, volatile fatty acid (VFA) profile, and ammonia concentrations were analysed. Food intake, growth and food conversion ratio were also recorded. There were no differences in production performances such as growth and food conversion ratio (FCR) between the treatment groups. Concentrations of VFA were significantly higher, while ammonia concentration was significantly lower in the CHO group compared to the CON group in different fermentation sites within the GIT (P<0·001), and on different slaughtering days (P<0·05). Fasting had no effect on fermentation end-products. This study concludes that the addition of fermentable carbohydrates of varying fermentabilities stimulated carbohydrate fermentation, with reduction in protein fermentation along the different parts of GIT studied, in weaning piglets.
Traceability of grass-feeding in young beef using carotenoid pigments in plasma and adipose tissue
Authors: Serrano E. , Prache S. , Chauveau-Duriot B. , Agabriel J. , Micol D.
Published: January 2007

The objective of the present study was to test the reliability of the analysis method of the reflectance spectrum of fat in the zone of light absorption by carotenoid pigments developed in lambs to trace grass feeding in calves. Six feeding treatments were compared in suckling calves: ad libitum cocksfoot hay plus ad libitum concentrate or half level of ad libitum concentrate (HH and HL), ad libitum cut grass plus ad libitum concentrate or half level of ad libitum concentrate (GH and GL), ad libitum highland grazed grass plus ad libitum concentrate (PH); ad libitum medium quality cocksfoot hay plus dam's milk (C0). Groups HH, HL, GH, GL and PH were slaughtered at approximately 10 months of age, after 150 days of experimental feeding diet. C0 calves were slaughtered at the beginning of the experiment at approximately 6 months of age. The concentration of carotenoids was analysed by HPLC on diets and calves' plasma at slaughter. The reflectance spectrum of perirenal and subcutaneous fat were measured at slaughter and expressed as AVI units. Plasma carotenoid content was higher (P<0·05) in PH and GL calves than in HH, HL and GH calves. There was an effect (P<0·05) of feeding treatment and measurement site on AVI. Values obtained for perirenal fat were higher (P<0·05) than those obtained for subcutaneous fat. For plasma carotenoid content and for AVI values in both fat tissues there was no overlapping between hay-fed calves on the one hand and GL or grazing calves on the other hand. However, there was some overlapping between hay-fed calves and GH calves. For plasma carotenoid content, values for C0 calves overlapped with values of GH and GL calves. For both fat tissues AVI values of C0 calves overlapped with values of HH, HL, GH and GL calves. AVI of cut grass fed calves (GH and GL groups) increased linearly (P<0·05) with average daily grass intake for both tissues considered. AVI in subcutaneous fat tissue decreased linearly (P<0·05) with average daily concentrate intake but this relation was not significant for AVI in perirenal fat (P>0·05). Plasma carotenoid concentration and the reflectance spectrum of the fat in the zone of light absorption by carotenoid pigments could be used to trace grass feeding in calves. Results obtained in this study suggest that different fatty tissues could differ in their reliability and interest for traceability of grass-feeding, depending on the animal age and production system.