bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Syntactic Theory and the Evolution of Syntax
Authors: Clark Brady
Published: April 2022

Contemporary work on the evolution of syntax can be roughly divided into two perspectives. The incremental view claims that the evolution of syntax involved multiple stages between the non-combinatorial communication system of our last common ancestor with chimpanzees and modern human syntax. The saltational view claims that syntax was the result of a single evolutionary development. What is the relationship between syntactic theory and these two perspectives? Jackendoff (2010) argues that “[y]our theory of language evolution depends on your theory of language”. For example, he claims that most work within the Minimalist Program (Chomsky 1995) is forced to the saltational view. In this paper it is argued that there is not a dependency relation between theories of syntax and theories of syntactic evolution. The parallel architecture (Jackendoff 2002) is consistent with a saltational theory of syntactic evolution. The architecture assumed in most minimalist work is compatible with an incremental theory.
Biolinguistics or Physicolinguistics? Is the Third Factor Helpful or Harmful in Explaining Language?
Authors: Johansson Sverker
Published: April 2022

Noam Chomsky (2005) proposed that a ‘third factor’, consisting of general principles and natural laws, may explain core properties of language in a principled manner, minimizing the need for either genetic endowment or experience. But the focus on third-factor patterns in much recent bio-linguistic work is misguided for several reasons: First, ‘the’ third factor is a vague and disparate collection of unrelated components, useless as an analytical tool. Second, the vagueness of the third factor, together with the desire for principled explanations, too often leads to sweeping claims, such as syntax “coming for free, directly from physics”, that are unwarranted without a case-by-case causal analysis. Third, attention is diverted away from a proper causal analysis of language as a biological feature. The point with biolinguistics is to acknowledge the language faculty as a biological feature. The best way forward towards an understanding of language is to take the biology connection seriously, instead of dabbling with physics.
X-within-X Structures and the Nature of Categories
Authors: Leivada Evelina
Published: April 2022

This paper discusses the existence of X-within-X structures in language. Constraints to same-category embedding have been the focus in a number of recent studies. These studies follow a long-standing tradition in linguistic theory that assumes a ban on the adjacency of same-category elements. In the present work, data drawn from a typologically broad variety of languages suggest that the postulated constraints are not so robust. It is shown that X-within-X structures do exist in language. In this context, an argument is made in favor of an unrestricted conceptualization of Merge, independent from category distributions, while recursion is taken to be a property of procedures and not of structures. The discussion of X-within-X patterns provides insights with respect to the attested category distributions, the nature of categories, and the language faculty, from a biologically plausible point of view.
Three Ways to Link Merge with Hierarchical Concept-Combination
Authors: Thornton Chris
Published: April 2022

In the Minimalist Program, language competence is seen to stem from a fundamental ability to construct hierarchical structure, an operation dubbed ‘Merge’. This raises the problem of how to view hierarchical concept-combination. This is a conceptual operation which also builds hierarchical structure. We can conceive of a garden that consists of a lawn and a flower-bed, for example, or a salad consisting of lettuce, fennel and rocket, or a crew consisting of a pilot and engineer. In such cases, concepts are put together in a way that makes one the accommodating element with respect to the others taken in combination. The accommodating element becomes the root of a hierarchical unit. Since this unit is itself a concept, the operation is inherently recursive. Does this mean the mind has two independent systems of hierarchical construction? Or is some form of integration more likely? Following a detailed examination of the operations involved, this paper shows there are three main ways in which Merge might be linked to hierarchical concept-combination. Also examined are the architectural implications that arise in each case.
A Program for the Genetics of Grammar
Authors: Wexler Kenneth N.
Published: April 2022

Departing from Lenneberg’s biological conception of language and its de- velopment, this paper first reviews select examples from research on lan- guage development and its interface with genetics before making some specific proposals with regard to how the genetics of grammar could be investigated. The central proposal of this paper is that an important, per- haps necessary, avenue for studying the genetics of grammar is to study the genotypes corresponding to phenotypes of child (and genetically im- paired) versions of the computational system of grammar, as opposed to strictly descriptive measures of a construction or standardized linguistic tests. In some cases, these phenotypes have wide explanatory ability, sug- gesting that they directly involve parts of the computational system of lan- guage. The primary example discussed is the phenotype of the Unique Checking Constraint (UCC). In particular, it is proposed that one could usefully start to investigate the genetic basis for he development of finite- ness, object clitic omission, and related phenomena of the UCC. A second, less developed example here, corresponding to a much later developmen- tal stage, is the Universal Phase Requirement (UPR), regulating verbal pas- sives and many other phenomena in children.
Reverberar: Arte y Acontecimiento
Authors: Brand Angela Maria Chaverra , Ramírez Carlos Mario Jaramillo
Published: April 2022

Desplegar un escrito que dé cuenta de un saber y un análisis sobre el acontecimiento y sus consecuencias en el plano ontológico y por ende en el artístico, nos invita a revisar algunos conceptos y acciones en nuestra propuesta de investigación-creación. Se trata de transitar escrituras que hagan visibles los límites y posibilidades creadoras del acontecimiento, la fabulación, y el llamado a un pueblo. Inicialmente, abordamos el concepto de acontecimiento, el cual nos acerca a la fuerza de la fabulación y la manera como genera actos de resistencia ante el proyecto cultural de la modernidad que nos permiten convocar una apuesta de arte participativo desde la imagen: Llamar a un pueblo.
Uma revolução necessária: Pela presença efetiva do Teatro do Oprimido nas Licenciaturas em Teatro
Authors: Ledubino Adilson , Viana Waldimir Rodrigues , Hernandez Marcia Maria Strazzacappa
Published: April 2022

Este artigo cartografa a presença ou ausência do Teatro do Oprimido nas licenciaturas em Teatro de universidades públicas da região Sudeste do Brasil, lançando mão da análise dos Projetos Político Pedagógicos e da súmula curricular de tais instituições, além de entrevistas semiestruturadas com artistas-docentes-pesquisadores estudiosos do tema. A partir deste estudo, evidenciam-se os impactos e as contribuições que o método criado por Augusto Boal pode oferecer à formação de professores de teatro, assim como à Educação Básica. Por fim, propõe-se o desenho curricular de uma disciplina centralmente dedicada ao Teatro do Oprimido como uma revolução possível e necessária.
The Impact of Visual Culture and Environmental Factors on Artistic Expressions in Children’s Drawings
Authors:   King Faisal University - Department of Art Education, Khalid Mohammed Al-Saud
Published: April 2022

The importance of this study is through the identification of children’s ability to express art through drawing, in addition to measuring the impact of visual culture and environmental factors on the development of this expression. The study sample consisted of the children of the sixth grade in the primary stage in the city of Al-Ahsa who are (130) students for the academic year 2018/2019. The researcher used in this study the scale of drawing test for the children’s responses and an analysis card for these drawings. All these tools were checked and verified. The study used the experimental method to investigate the effect of visual culture and environmental factors on artistic expression in children’s drawings. The method of mono- variance analysis was also used through the statistical software package (spss). The results of the study revealed that there were statistically significant differences between the mean variables of the effect of visual culture and the environment on artistic expressions in children’s drawings, and there were statistically significant differences between the arithmetic averages of the visual culture variable and the environment variable in favor of the natural environment, the industrial environment and people.
The Means of Political Propaganda and the Attack on the Reformers (A Quranic – Mass communication Perespective)
Authors:   Department of Fiqh & Usul Al-Fiqh, Kulliyyah of Islamic Revealed Knowledge and Human Sciences, International Islamic University Malaysia,, Abdulhamid Mohamed Ali Zaroum
Published: April 2022

This paper addresses the danger of disinformation and deception practice by the enemies of truth and righteousness, against the advocates of truth, righteousness, reform and guidance in societies, in order to dispel the masses from them and to prevent the public from knowing the truth. The focus of this study revolves around the means of negative propaganda, and the attack on the prophets and reformers, from the Quranic–communication perspectives. The most important means of negative publicity discussed in this research: the vicious media attack launched by the arrogant leaders against the prophets and their followers, be it in the form of slandering and backbiting or harassment, or intimidation or causing the aversion of the followers and if all of these were proven to be useful, it turned into a direct physical attack; beating, torture, and abhorrent. One of the means of political propaganda that the researcher intended to study: the direct comparison held by the overbearing political leaders to prove their right to lead their people on the one hand, and prove the incapacity of the prophets and reformers to do so on the other hand, in addition to the implicit comparison. Thus, comparative, historical and analytical methods have been used in this research. Among the findings of the study is that media is a double-edged sword; it would continue to falsify the facts, dilute the main issues of the people, expose the tyranny of tyrants, and expose their manipulation of the minds. The Qur’an continues to call upon its followers to use reason, not to obey the words of the ascetics, the rumors of the deceiver, and the threats of the arrogant tyrants. That is why we find The Holy Quran has preceded all modern sciences, including media and communication, in dealing with means and methods of mass communication, negative political propaganda, and attack on prophets and reformers.
Architected Enemies in Don DeLillo’s Falling Man
Authors:   Faculty of Social Sciences & Humanities, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Malaysia, M. Ikbal M. Alosman  , Raihanah M. M.  , Ruzy Suliza Hashim  ,   Faculty of Social Sciences & Humanities, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Malaysia,   Faculty of Social Sciences & Humanities, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Malaysia
Published: April 2022

As one of the prominent literary figures in the United States, Don DeLillo (2001) urged novelists to produce a counter-narrative in response to September 2001 attacks. Falling Man (2007) was published six years after the watershed event. This paper aims to investigate DeLillo’s exemplification of Islam and Muslims in the light of post-9/11 discourse on Islam and Muslims. It also seeks to situate the novelist’s depiction of Islam and Muslims within due geopolitical implications. By means of architectures of enmity, the other is deliberately crafted into a discriminated entity whose enemy- like attributes are highlighted and reiterated to serve geopolitical interests in the other and justify violence against him/her. DeLillo’s architected enemies will be studied through three constructs, specifically, ‘difference,’ ‘Islamic agency’ and ‘clashing Islam.’ The first construct, ‘difference,’ inspects how contrast between Muslims and non-Muslims operates within the novel’s architected enmity, while ‘Islamic agency’ focuses on the narrative’s illustration of the associations between Islam, on the one hand, and Muslims’ extremist acts and radical beliefs, on the other. In the third construct, ‘clashing Islam,’ the role of Islam as a conflicting ideology is to be elaborated on as epitomized in the novel. Through means of difference, Muslims are rendered more enemy-like and less humane in DeLillo’s novel. Islam is viewed as the most operative factor in motivating Muslims’ antagonist views and deeds against non-Muslims.
Word Order Variations in Shabaki
Authors:   Faculty of Languages, University of Kufa, Najaf, Iraq, Abbas H. J. Sultan
Published: April 2022

Word order types constitute the most well- established and frequently cited generalization in language typology. Basic or canonical word order tends to fall into two main types: SOV (about 48% of world languages) or SVO (about 41%). SOV is assumed to have been the predominant and unmarked word order in most of the oldest attested Indo-European languages, as well as in Iranian languages. This paper investigates the basic word order in Shabaki, a modern northwest language of the Indo-Iranian family spoken by the Shabaki minority in Iraq. This study also measures the word order variation and provides a typological description of this language. An examination of Shabaki data reveals that it follows SOV, OSV, SVO, VSO, OVS, and VOS word order patterns in mono-transitive sentences. The most frequent (predominant and unmarked) word order in declarative sentences in Shabaki is SOV where the initial position is occupied by a nominative noun phrase, but constituents can appear at any position, creating grammatical sentences with different discursive distributions. In ditransitive sentences, (S) DO V IO is proven to be three fold higher in number than (S) IO V DO. (S) DO IO V and (S) IO DO V were also found in data. Keywords: Agreement, basic word order, case, clitics, Indo-Iranian languages, language typology, Shabaki Introduction Grammatical relations in human languages, such as those between a noun phrase and the verb, are primarily expressed by means of three different morphosyntactic strategies: word order, case marking, and agreement (Croft 1990: 101). All languages, rather than relying on just one of these mechanisms, use some combination of the three. In this paper, it is the intention to explore what elements of these three strategies Shabaki language employs to indicate the relationship that a noun bears to the verb in a clause. It also tries to explore the order of objects in ditransitive sentences.
“MORE LIKE LIVING WITH IT THAN IN IT”: The Modified Functions ff Minangkabau Rumah Gadang of West Sumatra, Indonesia
Authors:   Faculty of Humanities, Universitas Indonesia, Mina Elfira  , Bambang Wibawarta  ,   Faculty of Humanities, Universitas Indonesia
Published: April 2022

This paper discusses the modified functions of Minangkabau traditional house, called Rumah Gadang (large house), in which a large extended matrilineal family lives. Because of its resemblance to a buffalo-horn shaped roof, alternatively it is called Rumah Bagonjong, appreciated and interpreted as a powerful symbol of the Minangkabau, the world’s largest matrilineal society. Using previous researches, including Usman (1987), Riza (2001), and Elfira (2013; 2015) as its foundation, this paper argues that as a result of current cultural and social situations, and economic needs, the essence of Rumah Gadang, a major symbol of Minangkabau ethnicity, to some degrees, has been reconstructed and modified in contemporary Minangkabau society of West Sumatra, Indonesia. Mainly based on qualitative data, collected in Minangkabau land between 2017 and 2018, it is argued that one of its daily functions has been changed into a social condition that is kind of more “living with it,” than “in it”.
Analisis Metodologi Kritikan Ḥadīth dan Pensejarahan Ibn Ḥibbān al-Bustī (m. 354/965) Berhubung Sirah Nabi
Authors:   Faculty of Quranic and Sunnah Studies, Universiti Sains Islam Malaysia,, Muhammad Fawwaz Bin Muhammad Yusoff
Published: April 2022

Metodologi krtikan ḥadīth berkembang dalam dunia Islam sejak abad pertama hijrah dan masih menjadi ciri khas kesarjanaan Islam sehingga hari ini. Salah seorang ilmuwan ḥadīth prolifik, Ibn Ḥibbān al-Bustī telah menghasilkan kamus biografi Kitāb al-Thiqāt yang merupakan karya berharga buat pengkajian tiga abad pertama hijrah samada daripada sudut metodologi kritikan ḥadīth mahupun rakaman sejarah awal Islam yang tidak berhubungan dengan ilmu ḥadīth. Artikel ini menyusur galur penggunan metodologi kritikan ḥadīth dan kerangka kronologi bagi penilaian tekstual warisan nabawi serta pengelompokan generasi manusia dari masa atau zaman yang sama (ṭabaqāt). Dengan menggunakan dua kajian kes berserta analisis kandungan, percubaan makalah ini adalah untuk membentangkan pendekatan Ibn Ḥibbān terhadap sīra Nabi Muhammad lantas menuju kepada beberapa pertimbangan umum mengenai hubungan ilmu ḥadīth dan pensejarahan (historiografi). Hasil kajian memperlihatkan pendekatan pensejarahan melalui metodologi kritikan ḥadīth lahir daripada interaksi Ibn Ḥibbān bersama teks sīra serta perhubungan aktif yang menggabungkan elemen-elemen berlainan; apa yang dibaca Ibn Ḥibbān, metodologi beliau, kecenderungan ideologi, aspirasi di dalam penulisan al-Thiqāt dan lain-lain lagi. Secara keseluruhannya, kesemua hasil kerja beliau membolehkan para pembaca atau penyelidik untuk merungkaikan pelahiran maksud berlainan dan unik berhubung cerita kehidupan Nabi Muhammad.
Hubungan Dilalah Ijaz dalam Juz ‘Amma dengan Alam dan Penciptanya
Authors:   Pusat Bahasa dan Pengajian Asasi, Universiti Sultan Azlan Shah,, Mohamad Amir Mohd Dahalan
Published: April 2022

Perbincangan tentang hubungan sains dan al- Qur’an sering menarik para pengkaji untuk diteliti. Berdasarkan tulisan-tulisan ilmuan Islam, tidak terdapat hubungan jelas antara al- Qur’an dan ilmu semasa yang memberi jaminan bahawa al-Qur’an itu diberi pentafsiran secara harmonis menurut tuntutan wahyu. Pentafsiran al-Qur’an pada masa kini menghadapi cabaran daripada intelektual muslim yang mesra dengan teori ilmu baru yang tidak serasi dengan tradisi keilmuan Islam. Sains dalam al-Qur’an dikawal oleh petunjuk wahyu yang ditafsir oleh akal berpandukan pendekatan yang serasi dengan turath Islam. Kajian ini dilaksanakan untuk meneliti apakah bentuk hubungan dilalah ijaz dalam juz ‘Amma yang berkait dengan alam dan penciptaannya. Kajian ini menggunakan metodologi kajian kualitatif analisis kandungan melalui pendekatan deduktif yang dipandu oleh premis ‘Ijaz al-Qur’an. Kajian ini membuktikan bahawa wujud hubungan dilalah ijaz dalam juz ‘Amma dengan ilmu-ilmu semasa seperti ilmu astronomi, georafi, meteorologi, botani dan sebagainya. Al-Qur’an telah mengungkapkan mesej ilmu secara tepat, padat, ringkas dan sangat bermakna serta mengatasi teori pemikiran semasa, dan dapat dimanfaatkan dalam pelbagai disiplin. Begitu juga ungkapan dilalah ijaz dalam membentangkan perkara- perkara berkaitan penciptaan alam seperti lapisan atmosfera, matahari dan gas panasnya, struktur gunung-ganang, gempa bumi dan pergerakan plak tektonik, bumi berbentuk sfera, khasiat buah tin dan buah zaitun serta keistimewaan penciptaan unta sebagai satu jentera yang efisyen di padang pasir. Dengan ini, tidak perlu lagi huraian bertulis terperinci, cukup dengan huraian yang ringkas dan padat dan dapat diaplikasikan dalam semua disiplin yang dilihat dari perspektif Islam. Jelas tampak hubungan serasi dilalah ijaz dalam juz ‘Amma dengan ilmu-ilmu semasa. Impak kajian ini ialah terhasilnya penerangan tentang dilalah ijaz secara sistematik dan akademik yang boleh dimanfaatkan dalam kajian lain yang mementingkan persoalan dilalah sebagai satu aspek kemukjizatan al-Qur’an.
Motivation in Reading Arabic Literature Books Among Students of Kelantan Religious Schools
Authors:   Universiti Teknologi MARA Cawangan Kelantan, Yusoff Muhammad Saiful Anuar , Wan Mohamed Wan Nazihah ,   Universiti Teknologi MARA Cawangan Kelantan
Published: April 2022

Motivation plays an important role in learning because it activates learning behavior. However, empirical studies that investigated the influence of motivation dimensions on the activities of reading Arab literature books among students taking religious examination papers (STAM) have not yet been conducted. Four dimensions of motivation namely self-efficacy, subject value, intrinsic orientation and extrinsic orientation were studied based on the Expectancy-Value Theory and Self-Determination Theory. As such, this study was conducted to identify the influence of four-dimensional motivation on the frequency of reading Arab literature books among students taking STAM exams and examine the influence of Arabic language proficiency on the relationship between the dimension of motivation and frequency of reading. The study involved 375 students who took STAM examination in schools managed by Yayasan Islam Kelantan (YIK). Structural Equation Modelling using Smart PLS software was utilised to get the results of the study. The findings showed that only self-efficacy dimension (β=0.162, t=2.370, p<0.01, f2=0.018) significantly affected the frequency of reading Arab literature books while the analysis on the influence of Arabic language proficiency as the moderator factor (β=-0.168, t=1.932, p<0.05) proved to be significant towards the relationship between self-efficacy and frequency of reading Arabic literature books. This finding revealed the importance of self-efficacy in predicting the frequency of reading Arabic literary textbooks and its effect on the frequency of reading Arabic literary textbooks that depends on the level of Arabic language proficiency. Implications of this study from theoretical and practical point of view are also discussed.
Relationship Between Advocacy, Leadership and Administrative Behavior in Good Governance: An Analytical Study of the Treaty of Hudaibiyya
Authors:   Universiti Sains Islam Malaysia (USIM), Abu Hassan Muhammad Ikram , Yusof Adnan ,   Universiti Sains Islam Malaysia (USIM), Hashim Azmil ,   Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris (UPSI)
Published: April 2022

A good ruler is the basis of good governance, and the Prophet of Islam is the example and ideal of the good Islamic ruler throughout the ages. The problem of research lies in how to combine Islamic missionary behavior, conscious leadership, and management of political positions to achieve the desired goals. The research aims to show the relationship in the behavior of the Muslim ruler between advocacy, leadership and management in political positions through the study of the Treaty of Hudaibiyyah peace model to provide a practical model for our time. The researcher uses the analytical method through studying the Prophetic biographical books and the Hadiths in examining some of the positions of the Prophet and his companions in the Peace Treaty of Hudaibiyyah. The research finds that many lessons of good behavior and governance can be had from the Treaty of Hudaibiyyah.
Development of English Language Camp Module: Reception and Perception of Asnaf Pupils in Malaysia
Authors:   National University of Malaysia, 43600 Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia, Mohamad M. , Zakaria N. Y. K. ,   National University of Malaysia, 43600 Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia
Published: April 2022

The Asnaf-community in Malaysia, the financially underprivileged group of the Muslim society and thus the recipients of the zakat, typically represents the poor and the needy. Many of them are uneducated and therefore have limited knowledge to teach their children. Being poor, they could not afford to provide tuition classes for their children. This often resulted in their children having low academic achievement in school, particularly in the study of English as a second language.Some of these parents resort to sending their children to charity homes so that they could be looked after by more capable adults, and also be taught in the learning of English as a second language. A language camp module was developed to facilitate the children of a charity home in Selangor in building their confidence and motivation to learn English. It is important however that the module be evaluated. The aim of this study is to understand the reception and perception of the Asnaf-children towards the English Language Camp Module. This qualitative case study was conducted on 12 Asnaf-pupils. Focus group interviews were conducted to obtain their perception. The main results indicate that the language camp module has enhanced the students’ motivation in learning English and developed their confidence in speaking the language. Such a module therefore seems suitable not just for students who wish to improve on their language proficiency, but also for schools in the development of their school curriculum. The main implication of this study is that the language camp module could provide a step-by-step guidance to any English language camp facilitator in carrying out language activities in other similar contexts aimed at increasing language proficiency level.
The Role of Mosque and Khutba in Socio-Economic Development of Indonesia: Lessons from Kauman Mosque in Central Java
Authors:   Universitas Islam Negeri Walisongo, Musahadi
Published: April 2022

Throughout various phases and epochs of Islamic history, the mosque’s functions have fluctuated and adapted to the political, economic and social realities of the time. To understand the diverse roles of the mosque today in traditionally Islamic and non-Islamic societies, it is necessary to understand how mosque functions evolved, changed and were sometimes reincorporated after long periods of dormancy. This study examines the increasingly significant role of the mosque, especially through their influential Friday prayer sermons (khutba), for empowering socio-economic dimensions in the moderate Indonesian Muslim society. Friday sermons which had been commonly dominated by religious themes have been progressively reformed by inserting more relevant and essential messages for socio-economic empowerment. A very historic Kauman mosque in Semarang, Central Java, has been demonstrating as a dynamic institution capable of responding to contemporary social needs. Islamic scholars and practitioners from different fields have been encouraged to deliver Friday sermons to enlighten the Friday congregation on how to deal with contemporary circumstances. Apparently, the Kauman mosque’s strategy is to try to bridge the gap between religiously oriented and contextualized approaches in propagating Islam. However, the dynamic social environment surrounding the mosque will determine if mosques will be properly operated for religious, political, or socio-economic functions. This study suggests to maintain both social and cultural bases surrounding the mosque for a sustainable reform effort.
Leveraging deep contrastive learning for semantic interaction
Authors: Belcaid Mahdi , Gonzalez Martinez Alberto , Leigh Jason
Published: April 2022

The semantic interaction process seeks to elicit a user’s mental model as they interact with and query visualizations during a sense-making activity. Semantic interaction enables the development of computational models that capture user intent and anticipate user actions. Deep learning is proving to be highly effective for learning complex functions and is, therefore, a compelling tool for encoding a user’s mental model. In this paper, we show that deep contrastive learning significantly enhances semantic interaction in visual analytics systems. Our approach does so by allowing users to explore alternative arrangements of their data while simultaneously training a parametric algorithm to learn their evolving mental model. As an example of the efficacy of our approach, we deployed our model in Z-Explorer, a visual analytics extension to the widely used Zotero document management system. The user study demonstrates that this flexible approach effectively captures users’ mental data models without explicit hyperparameter tuning or even requiring prior machine learning expertise.
Quantitative trait loci mapping and candidate gene analysis of stoma-related traits in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) glumes
Authors: Li Ning , Dong Fanfan , Liu Tongtong , Yang Jinwen , Shi Yugang , Wang Shuguang , Sun Daizhen , Jing Ruilian
Published: April 2022

The photosynthesis of wheat glumes makes important contributions to the yield. Stomata play a crucial role in regulating photosynthesis and transpiration in plants. However, the genetic base of wheat glume stomata is not fully understood. In this study, stomatal length (SL), stomatal width (SW), stomatal density (SD), potential conductance index (PCI) of stomata, stomatal area (SA), and stomatal relative area (SRA) were measured in different parts of wheat glumes from a doubled haploid (DH) population and their parents. Quantitative trait loci (QTLs) of these traits were anchored on a high-density genetic linkage map of the DH population. A total of 61 QTLs for stoma-related traits were mapped onto 16 chromosomes, and each one accounted for 3.63 to 19.02% of the phenotypic variations. Two QTL hotspots were detected in two marker intervals, AX-109400932∼AX-110985652 and AX-108972184∼AX-108752564, on chromosome 6A. Five possibly candidate genes (TraesCS6A02G105400, TraesCS6A02G106400, TraesCS6A02G115100, TraesCS6A02G115400, and TraesCS6A02G116200) for stoma-related traits of wheat glumes were screened out , according to their predicted expression levels in wheat glumes or spikes. The expression of these genes may be induced by a variety of abiotic stresses. These findings provide insights for cloning and functional characterization of stoma-related candidate genes in wheat glumes.
La identidad lingüística del emigrante representado en el cuento ecuatoriano
Authors:   Universidad Nacional de Loja (Ecuador), Salazar Estrada Yovany , Jáimez Esteves Rita ,   Universidad Nacional de Loja (Ecuador)
Published: April 2022

Analiza los rasgos característicos de la identidad lingüística de los emigrantes ecuatorianos representados en los cuentos publicados en las tres últimas décadas. Con fundamento en la concepción de la identidad lingüística como un proceso en permanente construcción, reconstrucción, cambio transformación y la utilización de la metodología propia de la investigación bibliográfica documental se concluye que existe una compleja pero fecunda representación de la identidad lingüística en las obras de narrativa breve estudiadas. Los resultados de la investigación se presentan distribuidos en cuatro apartados: dificultades de comunicación, por desconocimiento del idioma de los Estados nacionales de destino; estrategias utilizadas por los emigrantes ecuatorianos, mientras aprenden el nuevo idioma para poder intercomunicarse; diferencias en el habla del español, entre ecuatorianos y nativos de España; y asimilación del habla española como una estrategia de integración de los emigrantes ecuatorianos.
La vigencia de las palabras y los diccionarios
Authors:   Universidad de Sevilla (España), García Platero Juan Manuel
Published: April 2022

En este trabajo se defiende la necesidad de establecer marcaciones diacrónicas en los diferentes repertorios lexicográficos, que superen acercamientos excesivamente simplificadores. Del mismo modo, se aboga por un tratamiento más preciso de la obsolescencia léxica, que considere con rigor la variable etaria y establezca deslindes entre el vocabulario activo y pasivo, dado que la ausencia marcativa implicaría, en principio, vigencia del lema catalogado.
Effects of a sudden change in curriculum delivery mode in postgraduate clinical studies, following the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Frutiger Martin , Whillier Stephney
Published: April 2022

Objective

To examine the effect of a change in the delivery mode of clinical neurology, a postgraduate subject at Macquarie University, following COVID-19 restrictions on face-to-face teaching.

Methods

Participants were master of chiropractic students (n = 212) who completed 2019 or 2020 clinical neurology. The main outcome measure was a comparison of objective structured clinical examination (OSCE) marks between the 2019 and 2020 cohorts. The 2019 group underwent traditional, face-to-face learning, whereas the 2020 group were taught and examined remotely in session 1 but returned to campus in session 2. Descriptive analyses, between-group differences, and generalized linear models were performed.

Results

Means for OSCE marks between the 2 groups were higher in the 2020 group in session 1 (p < .001). However, when students returned to campus in session 2, the means were significantly lower in the 2020 group compared with the 2019 group (p < .001). Generalized linear regression indicated that the web-based mode of delivery in 2020 might have had a significant impact on OSCE marks compared with their 2019 counterparts (p < .001).

Conclusion

The sudden change in the mode of delivery from face-to-face to remote learning and the change in testing methods in response to the global COVID-19 pandemic had a significant effect on clinical neurology student performance scores. The OSCE marks in the 2020 cohort for session 1 were higher than those in 2019. However, when the 2020 cohort returned to on-campus tutorials in session 2, their marks were lower than those of their 2019 counterparts.
Gender, Self-Esteem, Communication Parents/Teenagers and Behviour at Risk Early Pregnancies in Environment School: The Case of Côte d'ivoire (Common of Yopougon)
Authors: Aka Rene Goubo , Kouakou Martial Yao
Published: April 2022

This study aims to analyze the relationship between gender, self-esteem, the communication parents/teenagers and the behaviours at risk of pregnancies early in environment school. She carries on a sample of six hundred four (604) teenage girls and we selected three one hundred and five eight (358) students- adolescent girls from the sixth to the final year in the municipality of Yopougon whose age varies from 10 to 19 years. Thus, we used as a sampling technique the proportional allocation of quotas. The sample is submitted to a questionnaire the results of which are analyzed using the method statistical who does not require than the quantification from data collected. The method qualitative at summer too used through content analysis more specifically indexing. Thus, the results of our investigation according to the chi of them of person calculated, we at permit of to confirm than gender has a significant effect on early pregnancy risk behaviors at the house of the teenage girls. Too, the variables intermediaries who are associated at the gender variable out of seven (7) three variables were confirmed, namely the context of the action, the goal of the action and the history of the action. Thereby, she come complete reflections on the links between gender, self-esteem, communication parents/teenagers and the behaviours at risk of pregnancies early in environment school.
Effect of Integrated Nutrient Management on Growth Characters of Soybean (Glycine max L.) Varieties
Authors: Lay Nwe Lay , Biswas Saikat , Mahato Manimala , Das Rupa , Dutta Dhananjoy
Published: April 2022

A field experiment was carried out at Instructional Farm, Bidhan Chandra Krishi Viswavidyalaya, Mohanpur, Nadia, West Bengal during kharif season of 2019 and 2020, following three times replicated split plot design with 3 soybean varieties (V1: PS 1225; V2: YEZIN 15; V3: PS 24) in main plot and 5 nutrient management options (N1: 100% recommended dose of fertilizer (RDF) i.e. N: P2O5: K2O-20:60:40 kg/ha; N2: 75% RDF + 3 t/ha farm yard manure (FYM); N3: 75% RDF+ 1.5 t/ha vermicompost; N4: 75% RDF + 3 t/ha FYM + 25 kg/ha ZnSO4; N5: 75% RDF + 1.5 t/ha vermicompost + 25 kg/ha ZnSO4) in subplot. Results revealed that soybean variety PS 24 grown under application of 75% RDF + 1.5 t/ha vermicompost + 25 kg/ha ZnSO4 recorded highest plant height (73.81 cm at harvest), leaf area index (5.39 at 90 days after sowing i.e. DAS), number of branches/plant (11.40), dry matter accumulation (767.09 g/m2) and crop growth rate (14.02 g/m2/day). Application of 75% RDF+ 1.5 t/ha vermicompost also ensured high growth attributes soybean varieties specially in PS 24. Conversely, Myanmar variety YEZIN 24 grown under 100% RDF did not perform well due to its non-adaptability in West Bengal condition.
Effect of Cow-based Liquid Manure and Spraying Schedule on Growth and Yield of Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L.) under Natural Farming
Authors: Avani Pradeepika Neela , Singh Vikram , Grace George Shruti , Sam Praveen Kumar S. , Kumar Singh Shrish
Published: April 2022

A field experiment was conducted during Zaid (summer), 2021 at Crop Research Farm, Department of Agronomy, SHUATS, Prayagraj (U.P), India. The soil of the experimental plot was sandy loam in texture, nearly neutral in soil reaction (pH 7.1), organic carbon (0.75%), available nitrogen (269.96 Kg/ha), available phosphorus (33.10 Kg/ha), and available potassium (336 Kg/ha). The treatments comprised of Panchagavya (3%), Jeevamrutha (500 lit/ha), cow urine (2500 lit./ha), and spraying schedule on (7, 10 &15) different days. The experiment was laid out in Randomized Block Design with nine treatments each replicated three times. The results showed that; Plant height (91.36 cm), number of branches per plant (5.47), number of nodules per plant (15), plant dry weight (20.31 g/plant) were recorded significantly higher with Panchagavya (3%) + at an interval of 7 days. Whereas, the number of pods per plant (7.27), number of seeds per pod (12.33), seed yield (1.28 t/ha), and stover yield (4.02 t/ha) was recorded significantly higher with the application of Panchagavya (3%) + at an interval of 7 days. Thus, foliar application of cow-based liquid manure with a different spraying schedule could be a promising option for yield enhancement in cowpea.
Zinc Fertilization: Effects on Nutrients Availability and Productivity of Rice (Oryza sativa L.)
Authors: Lal Regar Kanhaiya , Kumar Vijay , Chandra Chandola Jitendra , Shankar Patel Saurabh , Kumar Singh Abhay , Kundu M. S. , Kumar Singh Santosh
Published: April 2022

In India, zinc is considered as the fourth important yield limiting nutrient after nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium and it is essential for increasing crop production and enhancing animal and human health. To address these challenges, zinc fertilizations (basal & foliar) are practised for enhancing the soil health and crop productivity. The two years (2020-21 & 2021-22) on farm trial established at farmers field of district Saran, Bihar with the aim to compare the methods of zinc fertilization on plant available nutrients and crop productivity. An on farm trial was laid out in randomised block design involved seven replication of three different treatments viz., T1: NPK- 130:40:20 kg ha-1 (Farmer’s Practice), T2: RDF (NPK-120:60:40 kg ha-1 + Zn @ 5.0 kg ha-1 and T3: RDF (NPK-120:60:40 kg ha-1) + foliar spray of 0.5% ZnSO4 at 25 DAT. The pooled results of two years trial revealed that basal application of RDF-NPK and Zn (T2) significantly improved the soil organic carbon by 16.22%, plant available N by 11.96%, plant available P by 15.32%, plant available K by 10.99% and plant available Zn by 24.00% as compared to farmers practice. The crop productivity was also improved by 24.22% and 14.43% in treatment having basal application of Zn (T2) and foliar application of Zn (T3), respectively over farmers practice (T1). A positive polynomial relationship was obtained between soil organic carbon and plant available zinc due to soluble complexes form by zinc with soil organic matter. Thus, the basal fertilization method of zinc @ 5.0 kg ha-1 along with RDF-NPK is potentially recommended over foliar method and farmer practices to semi arid region of Bihar.
Estimating Genetic Variability and Diversity for Vein Density, Photosynthesis and Yield in Rice Genotypes
Authors: Pavithra S. , Senthil A. , Djanaguiraman M. , Raveendran M. , Pushpam R. , Manikanda Boopathi N.
Published: April 2022

Understanding the physiological and leaf anatomical traits having positive association with higher yields is critical to utilize these traits effectively in breeding programs for yield improvements in stable food crops. In rice, this would help in improving the productivity to feed the ever growing population. Therefore, the experiment was conducted to evaluate the variability and diversity of ninety-nine rice genotypes for photosynthesis, vein-related characters, and yield. The field trial was carried out in a wetland in Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore during Rabi, 2020. To investigate the genetic variability, efforts were made to estimate the percent of genotypic and phenotypic variation, heritability, and genetic advance likewise genetic diversity was estimated for twelve traits using Mahalanobis (D2) statistics. Analysis variance elucidates the existence of significant variation among the genotypes for all the twelve characters studied. The difference between GCV and PCV was narrow for all the characters studied which shows these characters are less influenced by environmental factors. The highest GVC and PCV was observed in yield and biomass simultaneously the high heritability in broad sense along with high genetic advance as percent mean was estimated in biomass, photosynthetic rate, yield, interveinal distance between major vein, leaf width, total number of veins, and total number of minor veins. These characters are considered to be inherent in nature and selection for improving these traits may be effective in the genetic improvement program. Based on the D2 value ninety-nine genotypes were diversified into five clusters in which Cluster II is the largest containing 37 genotypes followed by cluster I. The highest inter-cluster distance was estimated between cluster II and cluster IV whereas the highest intracluster distance was observed in cluster V indicating that genotypes in this cluster are highly diversified. Subsequently, the higher cluster means of most of the characters including vein characters, leaf width, and photosynthetic rate along with optimum yield and biomass fell in cluster II. Whereas in cluster IV the highest cluster means for biomass and yield was recorded. The traits biomass, yield, photosynthetic rate, interveinal distance between major veins, the total number of minor vein is the major contributors of total divergence in this population. Based on the trait contribution percentage for genetic diversity and genetic distance this study suggests that the genotypes from cluster II and cluster IV can be selected as parents for genetic improvement programs. Hence, information on the nature and degree of divergence in this population would help the plant breeder in the selection and hybridization procedure for choosing the right type of parents to improve vein characters, photosynthetic rate, yield, and biomass.
Prevalence of Hospital Deliveries in Tharparkar and Its Determinants
Authors: Mehraj Sandeep , Mehraj Jaishri , Dass Gordhan , Ahmed Memon Sohail , Sand Aurangzeb
Published: April 2022

Introduction: SDGs 2015-2030 are intended to stop poverty, hunger and ensure well-being at all ages by the year 2030. Goal 3 of SGDs are better measurable with indicators of maternal and children mortalities. Globally around 140 million birth takes place each year, among these home deliveries are significantly common.

Methods: Study was conducted on women aged 18 and 45 years of Tharparkar. Women of Child Bearing Age (CBAs) from all union council had been surveyed by multistage cluster sampling with random selection at hose hold level. Analysis was done using EPI Info TM 7. The odds ratio were calculated and reported at CI 95%.

Results: Of total women 73% (n=406) were uneducated and 19% (n=105) had education till matriculation. Prevalent occupation of husbands were farming 55% (n=310) followed by teachers 18% (n=102). Of total 2023 reported 31% (n=629) deliveries were conducted in the hospital. Socio-economic status (OR 1.8, CI 1.5-2.2), knowledge of nearby MCHC center (OR 1.3, 95% CI 1.03-1.61), Counselling by doctor (OR 3.6, 95% CI 3-4.5), Good attitude of the hospital staff (OR 2.02, 95% CI 1.6-2.2) were factors associated positively with the hospital deliveries. During multiple logistic regression analysis all factors were found significantly associated with hospital deliveries other than having livestock in family, which was not statistically significant (OR 0.9, CI 0.9-1.19).

Conclusion: We concluded that the hospital deliveries are less common in Tharparkar. We recommended that timing of the MCHC centers should be revised, Interpersonal Communication Training of the hospital staff and advocacy for hospital delivery by medical doctor.
Phenotypic Detection of Cellulose Hydrolysing Bacteria from the Rumen of Cow and Goat in Bauchi Metropolis
Authors: Na’Allah A. J. , Iliyasu M. Y. , Karamba K. I. , Haruna U. S. , Dogonjeji S. Y. , Haske M. S. , Agbo E. B.
Published: April 2022

Background of Study: Rumen microorganisms are involved in the fermentation of substrates contained in the diet of the animals. Research on the isolation and identification of cellulase enzyme-producing bacteria is still widespread. Biodegradation by cellulolytic bacteria found in rumen can be used as a source of cellulolytic bacteria which will function to degrade fibrous feed material so as to increase quality of nutrition and digestibility of ingredients at a cheaper price than the use of commercial cellulase production.

Aim: To isolate and characterize bacteria from animals’ rumen for their ability to hydrolyze cellulose.

Place and Duration of Study: Conducted at the Microbiology Laboratory of Abubakar Tafawa Balewa University Bauchi, Bauchi state, Nigeria, between April to July, 2021.

Methods: Rumen of cows and goats was sliced and randomly swabbed with a swab stick. They were then inoculated on Nutrient and MacConkey agar media. The plates were then incubated aerobically and anaerobically for 24 hours at 37oC. The resulting colonies that developed after the incubation period was purified and maintained on agar slants for further characterization. Pure isolates were then sub-cultured on carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) plates and then incubated aerobically and anaerobically for seven days to test their ability to hydrolyze cellulose which was indicated by the appearance of clear zones around the colonies of the organisms. Secreted cellulase by the bacteria was further observed by colouring of the medium using Congo-red 0.3%.

Results: A total of 95 bacterial species isolated and characterized from rumen of cow and goat to test their ability to hydrolyze cellulose out of which 52 hydrolyzed celluloses after growing them on cellulose as seen by zone of clearance around the isolates. The isolates include Bacillus subtilis (28.8%), Bacillus licheniformis (27.0%), Yersinia enterocolitica (9.6%), Micrococcus sp. (5.8%), Salmonella sp. (11.5%), Pseudomonas sp. (3.8%) and Streptococcus sp. (13.5%). 

Conclusion: This study demonstrates the potentiality of local strains of bacteria isolated from ruminants to hydrolyze cellulose. Proofs based on zone of clearance in cellulose led to the conclusion that the rumen of ruminants contains various microorganisms that can breakdown cellulose.