bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Influência do potencial poluidor e do histórico de infrações ambientais na Evidenciação Ambiental Corporativa
Authors: Bandeira Leonardo dos Santos , Ott Ernani , Rover Suliani
Published: October 2022

O objetivo do artigo é verificar a influência de setores de alto potencial poluidor e com histórico de infrações ambientais na evidenciação ambiental corporativa. Para tanto, foram examinadas as Demonstrações Contábeis e os Relatórios de Sustentabilidade referentes ao período de 2017 a 2019 das companhias abertas listadas no Índice Brasil Amplo (IBrA) da B3. A partir da análise de conteúdo de 225 Relatórios de Sustentabilidade publicados por 78 companhias e baseado na estrutura conceitual de Rover et al. (2012), foi possível identificar que a maioria das informações ambientais divulgadas nos relatórios referem-se a informações sobre política ambiental, impactos dos produtos e processos no meio ambiente e informações financeiras ambientais. Em média, 68,2% das companhias divulgaram Relatório de Sustentabilidade no período, das quais 92% adotaram alguma metodologia internacional na sua elaboração. O nível médio de evidenciação ambiental foi de 29,03% em 2017; 30,26% em 2018 e 30,41% em 2019 e os setores de materiais básicos e de petróleo, gás e biocombustível apresentaram maiores níveis médios de evidenciação ambiental. O modelo de regressão com dados em painel com efeitos aleatórios demonstrou que as variáveis tamanho, setor e histórico de infrações influenciaram positivamente a evidenciação ambiental a um nível de significância de 1% e que as variáveis endividamento, rentabilidade, auditoria e tamanho do conselho não apresentaram influência significativa. As duas hipóteses de pesquisa não foram refutadas, indicando que empresas de setores de alto potencial poluidor (H1) e com histórico de infrações ambientais (H2) apresentam maiores níveis de evidenciação ambiental. Esses achados são consistentes com a Teoria da Legitimidade e com a Teoria da Evidenciação Voluntária.
Tunceli iklim parametrelerine ait zaman serilerinin farklı istatistiksel analiz yöntemleriyle değerlendirilmesi
Authors: ESEN Fatma
Published: October 2022

Günümüz dünya toplumunun karşılaştığı en zorlu çevre sorunlarından biri olan iklim değişikliğinininsan ve doğal sistemler üzerindeki olumsuz etkileri giderek artmaktadır. İklim değişikliğinin etkilerinianlamak için iklim verilerindeki trendlerin geniş çapta araştırılması gerekmektedir. Bununlabirlikte, küresel ölçekte yapılan iklim gözlemlerinin yerel ve bölgesel ölçeklerde yapılan planlamalarakatkısı düşüktür. Bu nedenle iklim değişikliklerinin zararlı etkilerini en aza indirmeye yönelik stratejilerideğerlendirebilmek ve geliştirebilmek için lokal iklim analizlerinin yapılması gerekmektedir.Kentleşme oranının düşük olduğu Tunceli ilinde tarım ve hayvancılık özellikle de mera hayvancılığıyaygın ekonomik aktivite olarak öne çıkmaktadır. İklim değişimlerinden büyük ölçüde etkilenentarım ve hayvancılıkta uygulanabilir adaptasyon stratejileri geliştirebilmek için iklim parametrelerininözelliklerinin ve trendlerinin belirlenmesi gerekir. Bu çalışmanın amacı iklim değişikliğine karşıhassas bir sahada yer alan Tunceli meteoroloji istasyonuna ait iklim parametrelerinin uzun dönemtrend analiz sonuçlarını ve parametrelerin birbirleri ile olan ilişkilerini açıklamaktır. Çalışmada 15parametreye ait uzun dönem zaman serilerine 5 farklı istatistiksel analiz yöntemi uygulanmıştır.İlk olarak iklim parametrelerine ait zaman serilerinin homojen yapıda olup olmadığını sorgulamakve homojen olmayan veri setlerinde değişim noktasını tespit etmek için her bir zaman serisineBuishand homojenlik testi uygulanmıştır. İkinci olarak zaman serilerine, herhangi bir trend olupolmadığını saptamak için Mann-Kendall ve Yenilikçi Şen trend analiz yöntemleri uygulanmıştır.Mann-Kendall ve Yenilikçi Şen trend analiz yöntemlerinden elde edilen sonuçlar karşılaştırılarakparametrelerde tespit edilen trendin tutarlılığı test edilmiştir. Dördüncü olarak iklim parametrelerineait zaman serilerine regresyon analiz yöntemi uygulanmıştır. Regresyon analizi ile her bir zamanserisinde yıllık ortalama değişim ve uzun dönem değişim ortalamaları ile oranları tespit edilmiştir.Son olarak parametrelerin birbirleriyle olan ilişkileri korelasyon analizi yöntemiyle sorgulanmış veelde veriler ışığında ilişki şiddeti ve yönü açıklanmaya çalışılmıştır. Analizlerin ortak sonuçlarınagöre 1965-2020 yılları arasındaki dönemde, Tunceli’de maksimum sıcaklık, minimum sıcaklık, ortalamasıcaklık ve sisli gün sayısı değerlerinde artış; toplam yağış, yağışlı gün sayısı, maksimum nisbinem, ortalama rüzgar hızı ve kar yağışlı gün sayısı değerlerinde azalış şeklinde bir değişim tespitedilmiştir. Elde edilen analiz sonuçları, Tunceli’de yakın gelecekte ciddi kuraklık ve kuraklığın nedenolabileceği su yetersizliği sorunlarının yaşanabileceğini göstermektedir.
Behavioral tests in rodents coupled with dopamine signaling manipulations v1
Authors: Chen Chuyu
Published: October 2022

These two protocols describe behavioral tests associated with Parkinson’s disease phenotypes in mice. The striatal motor learning protocol (rotarod test) is a two-phase paradigm assessing striatal motor learning under reversible dopamine antagonism.
Ex Vivo Electrophysiology v1
Authors: Xenias Harry
Published: October 2022

This protocol describes the preparation of brain slices, setup of the electrophysiology rig, and solutions for collecting whole-cell recordings.
Fast scan cyclic voltammetry v1
Authors: Xenias Harry
Published: October 2022

This protocol describes the ex vivo fast-scan cyclic voltammetry (FSCV) technique for detecting dopamine within the dorsal striatum in mice.
Ticari oyun hamurlarının antimikrobiyal etkisi, güvenli mi değil mi?
Authors: KOŞARSOY AĞÇELİ Gözde
Published: October 2022

Oyuncaklar, çocuk psikolojisi üzerindeki olumlu etkileri sayesinde 1950'li yıllardan itibaren hastanede yatan çocukların tedavisinde yardımcı olarak gün be gün artan bir şekilde kullanılmaktadır. Oyun hamuru çocukların hayal güçlerini yansıtmalarında ve el becerilerinin gelişmesinde rol oynar. Oyun hamurunun eğitici özelliklerinin yanı sıra kimyasal ve biyolojik güvenliği de oldukça önemlidir. Bu çalışma oyun hamurundaki tehlikeye dikkat çekmek amacıyla yapılmıştır. Bu çalışmada, piyasada bulunan 40 farklı oyun hamurunun çeşitli patojenik mikroorganizmalar üzerindeki antimikrobiyal etkileri araştırılmıştır. Elde edilen sonuçlara göre oyun hamuru örneklerinin %52,5'i Bacillus licheniformis'e karşı, %20’si Escherichia coli'ye karşı, %20'si Pseudomonas aeruginosa'ya karşı antimikrobiyal aktivite gösterirken, oyun hamuru örneklerinin %12.5'i Candida albicans'a karşı %7,5'i Staphylococcus aureus'a (MRSA) karşı antimikrobiyal aktivite göstermiştir. COVID-19'un yayıldığı bu çağda mikrobiyal yükü azaltmaya yönelik antimikrobiyal oyuncakların değerlendirildiği bu çalışma ile oyun hamurunun antimikrobiyal aktivitesi ilk kez rapor edilmiştir.
On the Improper Use of CRC for Cryptographic Purposes in RFID Mutual Authentication Protocols
Authors: Taqieddin Eyad S.
Published: October 2022

Mutual authentication is essential to guarantee the confidentiality, integrity, and availability of an RFID system. One area of interest is the design of lightweight mutual authentication protocols that meet the limited computational and energy resources of the tags. These protocols use simple operations such as permutation and cyclic redundancy code for cryptographic purposes. However, these functions are cryptographically weak and are easily broken. In this work, we present a case against the use of these functions for cryptographic purposes, due to their simplicity and linear properties, by analyzing the LPCP protocol. We evaluate the claims of the LPCP resistance to de-synchronization and full disclosure attacks and show that the protocol is weak and can be easily broken by eavesdropping on a few mutual authentication sessions. This  weakness stems from the functions themselves as well as the improper use of inputs to these functions. We further offer suggestions that would help in designing more secure protocols.
Comprehensive Performance Analysis of RPL Objective Functions in IoT Networks
Authors: Mardini Wail , Ebrahim Maad , Al-Rudaini Mohammed
Published: October 2022

As the movement for a vast implementation of IoT networks is rapidly accelerating, so many researchers are working to analyze the performance of RPL, the widely-used routing protocol for wireless sensor networks. The analysis usually involves a small number of metrics studied under a limited number of scenarios. In this paper however, we provide a comprehensive study for the performance of the two objective functions used in RPL; MRHOF and OF0, using the Cooja simulator in Contiki operating system. Using static-grid and mobile-random topologies with 25, 49, and 81 sender nodes including one sink node. Each topology was tested with three transmission ranges of 11, 20, and 50 meters to simulate sparse, moderate and dense networks. The selected metrics are convergence time, changes in DoDAG tree structures, average churn in the network, Average Power Consumption, Average Listen Duty Cycle, Average Transmit Duty Cycle, Average received packets, average lost packets, average duplicate packets, and average hop count. In fixed networks, the results show that OF0 usually perform better than MRHOF in terms of Energy Consumption, Convergence Time in the Static-Grid Topology, Listen Duty Cycle, and Transmit Duty Cycle.
Fuzzy Based Optimal QoS Constraint Services Composition in Mobile Ad Hoc Networks
Authors: Poola Veeresh , R Praveen Sam , C Shoba Bindhu
Published: October 2022

In recent years, computational capability of mobile devices such as Laptops, mobile phones, PDAs, etc., are greatly improved. Implementation of SOA ("Service Oriented Architectures") in mobile ad hoc networks increases the flexibility of using mobile devices. On composing different available services to satisfy end user requirement is a critical challenge in MANETs ("Mobile Ad Hoc Network") due to dynamic topology, Resource heterogeneity, Band width constraint and highly distributed service providers. Existing composition services approaches are not suitable for MANETs due to lack of constraints consideration while choosing services. In this paper, we proposed Fuzzy based optimal QoS constrained Service Composition in MANETs. We consider Energy constraint, hop count, Response time & service throughput as QoS Constraints composing optimal services. We proposed fuzzy logic based system to provide rating to the services for optimal selection of services. We also considered that each node can provide one or more services. The service composition failure rate will be reduced by selecting optimal services in available services. The simulation result demonstrates that the proposed method outperformed than the traditional AODV in terms of average packet delay, energy constraint, throughput and turnaround time.
Performance Analysis of 5G Cooperative-NOMA for IoT-Intermittent Communication
Authors: Khan Imran
Published: October 2022

Non-orthogonal multiple Access (NOMA) is a potential 5G era multiple-access scheme that is proposed for the future mobile Internet and IoT applications which will require enormous increase in data traffic, massive-number of devices connectivity, high spectral efficiency, low-overhead and low-latency. It utilizes the same time-slots, frequency and spreading-codes for all the users. It uses the power-domain and assign different power levels to users for multiple access. The uplink (UL) communication in the present 4G-Networks is performed by the base station (BS) that uses a request-grant mechanism in which a large-overhead and latency is produced. This issue will get more severe in upcoming 5G-Networks. For this purpose, a grant-free NOMA for UL communication, in which dynamic compressed-sensing (DCS) algorithm will perform multi-user detection (MUD) as well as data-detection is proposed. It deploys the temporal-correlation of active-user sets (AUS) in adjacent time-slots from which the estimated AUS is used as the prior-knowledge to estimate AUS in the next time-slot. For the downlink (DL) communication, the proposed system performance evaluation is performed using Rician fading-channels for Cooperative Relaying System (CRS) NOMA. The simulations results show that the proposed DCS-MUD and CRS NOMA over Rician fading-channels perform much better than the conventional CS-MUD and traditional-CRS.
Teachers' Burnout and Primary Schools for Migrant Children
Authors:   Ginling College, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China, Lou Tingyi , Lu Yang , Yang Peiran
Published: October 2022

Teaching in migrant children schools is anxious and overwhelmed. Teachers deserve more social attention and should be provided with appropriate care to ensure their welfare and mental health. Although previous teacher burnout studies focused on several variables (e.g. age, gender and experience), studies on migrant children schools are limited. Teachers in these schools face many unusual challenges in other schools. This article aims to explore how school climate, students, parents, and professional development lead to teachers' burnout in migrant children schools. It began with discussing the current situation of migrant children schools with reference to previous studies and reports. Then the findings showed a) that governmental support is limited; b) students are taught under the unified standard; c) the absent role of parents widens the gap of communication in the family and d) teachers in such schools see little hope in the future careers and might even want to resign. In addition, the mental status of the teachers is usually neglected, so that many teachers feel chronic helplessness.
Study of correlation of red cell distribution width with acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
Authors: Gaur Ravi , Tundwal Vijay Kumar , Gaur Ritumbhara , Gaur Mohit , Khatri J.K
Published: October 2022

Acute exacerbation of COPD is one of the most common disease in patients with infections, having frequent hospitalization. The aim of this study is to find whether there is any relationship between RDW with mortality in AECOPD.

The hospital based case control Study is was conduct on hospitalized 50 patient with primary and final diagnosis of AECOPD and 50 patient of stable period of COPD.

Socio-demographic variable in both groups were comparable. BMI was significantly lower in AECOPD patients. The mean PACK/YR in AECOPD group was 24.44±6.23 and in Stable COPD was 20.66±8.21. Mean admission per year were significantly higher in AECOPD patients (1.88±0.80 per year) as compare to stable COPD patients (0.80±0.67 per year). Mean FEV1 % was significantly lower in AECOPD patients (43.87±14.26) as compare to stable COPD patients (48.12±20.18). Mean RDW significantly higher in AECOPD (17.60±5.70%) as compare to stable COPD patients (13.80±3.33%). The difference in both groups was found statistically significant. MCV was significantly lower in AECOPD (82.04±1.49) as compare to stable COPD patients (86.50±1.87). The difference in both groups was found statistically significant. RDW was significantly higher in those patient who were died (19.50±0.70%) as compare to survived patients (17.52±5.61%). The difference in both groups was found statistically significant. 4.00% hospital mortality in AECOPD group.

We have concluded that the mean red cell distribution width on the day of presenting the illness was significantly higher in AECOPD as compare to stable COPD. Those patients who had a high red cell distribution width during admission were associated with poor prognosis.
Correlation of neutrophil to lymphocyte with acute exacerbation in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease at tertiary care hospital in North West Rajasthan
Authors: Ritumbhara  , Soni Gunjan , Gaur Ravi , Khatri J.K , Soni Kritika
Published: October 2022

Acute exacerbation of COPD (AECOPD), is one of the most common disease in patients with infections, having frequent hospitalization. The aim of this study is to evaluate the potential for NLR to be used as a biomarker of COPD exacerbation.

The hospital based case control Study is was conduct on hospitalized 100 patient with primary and final diagnosis of AECOPD and 100 patient of stable period of COPD.

Socio-demographic variable in both groups were comparable. BMI was significantly lower in AECOPD patients. The mean PACK/YR in AECOPD group was 29.52±3.70 and in Stable COPD was 23.50±2.05. FEV1was significantly lower in AECOPD patients. Mean admission per year was significantly higher in AECOPD patients. Mean neutrophil count was significantly higher in AECOPD patients (11.49±2.32) as compare to stable COPD patients (6.47±2.01). Mean lymphyocyte count was significantly higher in AECOPD patients (2.07±0.05) as compare to stable COPD patients (1.71±0.07). Mean NLR was significantly higher in AECOPD patients (5.54±2.12) as compare to stable COPD patients (3.77±0.22). The difference in both groups was found statically significant. 5.00% hospital mortality in AECOPD patients. Mean neutrophil count was significantly higher in death as compare to survived patients. Mean NLR was significantly higher in death as compare to survived patients.

NLR is readily available (Available at PHC) and simple parameter, could also be used as a cost-effective marker of inflammation in AECOPD. We have concluded that the neutrophil lymphocyte ratio on the day of presenting the illness was significantly higher in AECOPD as compare to stable COPD. Those patients who had a high NLR during admission were associated with poor survival.
A cross-sectional study on knowledge about transmission and prevention of HIV in patients of Tuberculosis attending a DOTS center of a tertiary care hospital
Authors: Talukdar Tanmaya , Sharma Shweta , Kumar Vikas , Sinha Kanishk , Soin Anjali , Ish Pranav
Published: October 2022

TB-HIV coinfection imposes a double-edged sword effect on the patient’s health. Awareness about HIV among the TB patients is very essential for prevention, early detection and appropriate therapy. We aimed to evaluate the knowledge about HIV prevention and transmission among TB patients.

A cross sectional study was done among the patients of Tuberculosis who attended the DOTS center at a tertiary care hospital. Patients who were HIV-TB coinfected were excluded. A pretested questionnaire consisting of 13 questions regarding the HIV transmission, methods to avoid HIV, misconceptions and treatment was used.

53 patients were enrolled in the study. It was a predominantly young (mean age was 34.69 ± 14.18 years) and male dominated (64%) population.Out of 53 enrolled patients, 42 (79.2%) were familiar with HIV infection. Among these 42 patients, more than 80% patients were aware about multiple transmission routes of HIV infection. Homosexual and mother to child transmission were less known. Awareness about use of condoms was present in 85.7% patients. On the contrary, misconceptions about HIV transmission (coughing, sneezing, shaking hands, use same toilets) was prevalent in 40% patients. Very few patients (12%) were aware about the Indian national HIV program. There was no difference in the knowledge and awareness among males and females. Literate patients and patients living in urban area had heard of HIV more as compared to their counterparts (p<0.05).

Myths and misconceptions about HIV transmission are widely persistent among TB patients even in urban cities of India. There is still a long way to go regarding the spread of awareness about HIV among TB patients despite its paramount significance in prevention, early diagnosis, and early appropriate therapy for the same.
Lung abscess with metastatic brain abscess- A case report
Authors: Govindaraj Vishnukanth , Kumar Balla Nagamalli , Dwivedi Dharm Prakash , Upadhya Pratap
Published: October 2022

Brain abscess can result from spread of infection from contiguous sites or from distant hematogenous spread. Hematogenous spread from a distant site as from the lungs is more common with cyanotic congenital heart disease and in patients with infective endocarditis. We report a case of hematogenous spread of brain abscess from lung in a patient who had no concurrent heart disease. Klebsiella pneumonia was isolated both from brain abscess and from lung abscess.

A fifty years old lady with uncontrolled sugars presented with cough with expectoration and fever. Chest X ray showed cavity with fluid level on the right side and sputum culture showed Klebsiella pneumoniae. She was treated with sensitive antibiotics. During in hospital stay she developed headache and blurring of vision. CT brain showed a right parietal lobe abscess. She underwent decompression procedure and abscess from brain was drained which also revealed growth of Klebsiella pneumoniae. Her echo was normal. She was treated with sensitive antibiotics and had clinical improvement.

While treating a case of lung abscess, clinicians should be aware of the possibility of metastatic spread and a high index of suspicion and a radiological imaging leads to early diagnosis and treatment.
The Effect of Different Field of View Sizes on Contrast-to-Noise Ratio of Cone-Beam Computed Tomography Units: An In-Vitro Study
Authors: Niktash Anoosheh , Mehralizadeh Sandra , Talaeipour Ahmadreza
Published: October 2022

Objectives: ‘Field of view (FOV) size’ affects the quality of radiographic images and the radiation dose received by patients. In cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) FOV should be selected according to therapeutic purposes. While aiming for the highest diagnostic image quality, the radiation dose should be kept to a minimum to reduce the risk for patients. The purpose of this study was to assess the effect of different sizes of FOV on contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR) in five different CBCT units.
Materials and Methods: In this experimental study, CBCT scans were taken from a dried human mandible containing a resin block fixed to the lingual cortex and a resin ring was used to simulate soft tissue during scans. Five CBCT units including, NewTom VGi, NewTom GiANO, Soredex SCANORA 3D, Planmeca ProMax, and Asahi Alphard 3030 were evaluated. Each unit had 3 to 5 different FOVs. Images were obtained and analyzed with ImageJ software and CNR was calculated in each image. ANOVA and T-test were used for statistical analysis (P<0.05).
Results: Comparison among different FOVs of each unit showed significant CNR reductions in small FOVs (P<0.05). Similar FOV sizes of different CBCT devices were also compared and demonstrated significant differences (P<0.05).
Conclusion: A direct relationship between FOV size and CNR was observed in all five CBCT units, but differences in exposure parameters of these units led to variable CNR in FOVs with similar sizes.
Prevalence and Severity of Drug Interactions in a Referral Pediatric Hospital: An Observational, Retrospective Study
Authors: Moqadam Farnoosh , Mirrahimi Bahador , Abrishami Ramin
Published: October 2022

Background: Hospitalized infants and children are usually treated with many medications in the hospital. Concurrent use of multiple drugs, known as polypharmacy, is inevitable in critically ill patients. This study aims to investigate the possible interactions as well as their type and number, and their effect on the treatment process plus the duration of hospital stay of patients.
Methods:  In this descriptive study, the medical records of 189 patients admitted to the Intensive care unit (ICU) ward of Mofid Children's Educational Hospital in Tehran were prospectively studied over six months from August 2018 to March 2019. The collected data included disease diagnosis, patient medication information, age and gender, and treatment interventions. Interactions between drugs were identified using Up-to-date database, with the results analyzed by SPSS software.
Results: The results revealed that hospitalization increased with an increasing number of drugs. The findings also indicated a direct relationship between the number of drug interactions and the duration of hospital stay. After examining the relationship between ICU outcome and the number of drug items as well as the number of drug interactions, it was found that there is a direct relationship between the two. There was also a direct relationship between Class D plus X interactions and mortality rate along with duration of stay.
Conclusion: This study showed a direct relationship between drug interactions and the duration of hospitalization. In other words, as drug interactions increased, so did the duration of hospital stay.
The Utilization Evaluation of Intravenous Pantoprazole for Stress Ulcer Prophylaxis in a Major Teaching Hospital
Authors: Shahbazi Khamas Shahriyar , Darvishi Fatemeh , Taghvaye-Masoumi Hamidreza , Rafiei Elahe , Jafari Atefeh
Published: October 2022

Background: Proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) are one of the first-line drugs for acid-dependent diseases. Inappropriate use of PPIs, especially the Intravenous (IV) formula of pantoprazole, can result in excessive cost. This study aimed to evaluate IV pantoprazole usage's appropriateness and optimize its use in accordance with guidelines at Razi educational and remedial center, Rasht, Iran.
Methods: This cross-sectional study was executed in five months among 344 patients of Razi hospital who received IV pantoprazole for stress ulcer prophylaxis (SUP). Demographic data, route and doses of pantoprazole, risk factors for stress ulcer, and other related medical data were recorded. In addition, the appropriate use of IV pantoprazole was measured according to recommendations arranged by this center and the American Society of Health-System Pharmacists.
Results: Out of 197 patients who received SUP with an appropriate indication, 183 patients (92.9%) were able to tolerate the drug orally, and only 14 patients (7.1%) had an indication for receiving IV pantoprazole. There was a significant difference between patients who received SUP with an indication regarding having or not having an indication for IV pantoprazole (P = 0.007). 5029 vials (96.5%) with a cost of 17,822 US dollars were used inappropriately and imposed an additional cost on the health care system.
Conclusion: This study presented that the majority of IV pantoprazole use in this center was not well-matched with guidelines in most cases, containing appropriate indication and right dosing. In order to prescribe this drug as SUP, it is necessary to be more careful about the criteria for prescribing and conforming the prescribed drug and the prescribed dose to the relevant instructions.
Safety and Effectiveness of Molnupiravir in Covid-19 Treatment: A Rapid Review
Authors: Mobinizadeh Mohammadreza , Akbarisari Ali , Olyaeemanesh Alireza , Mohammadshahi Marita , Ahmadnezhad Elham , Aboee Parisa , Fakorfard Zeinab , Sadeghi Raheleh
Published: October 2022

In the first stage of viral replication, Covid-19 may cause a remarkable inflammatory response in patients. Molnupiravir is an oral antiviral medicine which functions through inhibiting the viral replication of RNA viruses including Corona virus (SARS-CoV-2). The present study intends to help the policymakers decide on using of this medication in Iran.
This study is conducted on Jan. 22, 2022 (from Jan. 2014 -the year of molnupiravir production for treatment of RNA virus diseases), using a rapid review of evidence as well as reviewing reliable databases including the Cochrane library, PubMed and Google scholar. The inclusion criteria were the randomized controlled trials that investigated the safety and efficacy of Molnupiravir at different doses in patients with Covid-19, comparing with placebo or other routine care methods (Population: Covid-19 patients, Intervention: molnupiravir, Control: placebo or other routine care methods, Outcome: Safety, Efficacy and Economic status, Study design: the randomized controlled trials or HTA reports). Prescription for oral administration in 800 mg dose twice daily for 5 days to inpatients and outpatients with mild, moderate or severe symptoms in the early stages of the disease (viral phase) had the most desirable level of efficacy. This medicine has no serious side effects; since the mutations caused by this medication have not been clarified yet, it is not recommended during pregnancy and/or for women planning to become pregnant. According to the manufacturing company, in the United States, each drug package is priced at $712 for a 5-day treatment period. Molnupiravir can be used in outpatients and inpatients (Over 18 years old) with moderate or severe symptoms in the early stages of the disease. But it is not recommended during pregnancy and/or for women planning to become pregnant.
Melanocytoma of the Optic Nerve- A Case Report
Authors: Ferdinand Akano Obinna
Published: October 2022

Melanocytoma of the optic disc is a benign stationary tumor that is usually pigmented, asymptomatic and stable in size. Even though benign, it can cause vision loss and visual field defect due to compression on the optic nerve.
A 39-year-old male presented with a black shadow in the left eye which has been present for about 4 years. Fundus photo shows a darkly pigmented lesion of the optic nerve head of the left eye with a mild hemorrhage. B-scan ultrasonography shows a slightly elevated lesion at the optic nerve head. Fluorescein angiography shows hypofluorescence of the lesion.
Optic nerve melanocytoma (ONM) may often display clinical similarities to melanoma but with adequate diagnostic tools can be distinguished from one another. ONM can either remain stable or grow progressively slowly over many years. Annual monitoring for change is highly recommended.
Sibi, suisque et Patriae ornamento
Authors: Bania Zbigniew
Published: October 2022

Inspiracją dla sformułowanego tytułu książki Sibi, suisque et Patriae ornamento jest akapit z pamiętnika Stanisława Albrychta Radziwiłła, który tymi słowami ujął wrażenie, jakie na nim wywarła oglądana willa-pałac hetmana Stanisława Koniecpolskiego w Podhorcach. Bo rzeczywiście to, co zdążył zrealizować hetman, zaliczane jest do kreacji architektonicznych reprezentujących najwyższy poziom rozwiązań formalnych w dziejach naszej architektury. Należy również podkreślić, że fundacje architektoniczne hetmana stanowią apogeum przedsięwzięć realizowanych przez przedstawicieli tej rodziny przez niemal 300 lat jej funkcjonowania w życiu politycznym Królestwa Polskiego i Rzeczypospolitej. Zachętą do podjęcia się scharakteryzowania tak długo trwającego procesu inwestycyjnego jednego rodu było poznanie faz jego następowania, odniesienia go do dziejów poszczególnych pokoleń i gałęzi rodu, zależności między ich potencjałem ekonomicznym a skalą i klasą powstających obiektów. W działaniach tych znakomite potwierdzenie zyskuje przesłanie wyrażone przez Arystotelesa w Etyce, opublikowanej w tłumaczeniu Sebastiana Petrycego w 1618 roku, które zwięźle podsumowuje autor Krótkiej nauki budowniczej…, że „budowanie trwałą pamiątkę po sobie zostawuje”.
Na dwu terenach dawnej Rzeczypospolitej rodzina ta odgrywała niezwykle ważną rolę: w okresie średniowiecza i wczesnej nowożytności były to ziemie Polski Centralnej, w XVII wieku – tereny południowo-wschodnich Kresów. Koniecpolscy byli rodem w dziejach Polski bardzo zasłużonym, którego przedstawiciele działali konsekwentnie w sytuacjach, gdy sprzyjały ku temu okoliczności polityczne i odznaczali się zapobiegliwością w budowaniu swych podstaw ekonomicznych.
Numerical Model to Simulate Soil Wetting Pattern under Drip Irrigation System
Authors: Reddy Kowkuntla Rama Krishna , Singh Vivekanand
Published: October 2022

Background: A properly designed drip irrigation system increases the efficiency of irrigation water and its design is based on the soil wetting pattern. Methods: In this study, a numerical model has been developed using one-dimensional Richard’s Equation to simulate soil wetting pattern under drip irrigation. A fully implicit finite-difference scheme has been used to solve the governing equations with suitable initial and boundary conditions. An experiment was also conducted to analyse the wetting pattern in sandy loam soil. Wetting front computed by numerical model has been compared with the experimental wetting front at different time interval of drip irrigation system. The present model is also validated with the results available in the literature. Result: Statistical indices - root mean square error, percentage bias and coefficient of determination have been used to evaluate the model’s performance. The computed results are closely matched with the and experimental results with RMSE is less than 3, PBIAS less than 6% and R2 greater than 0.96 and also with the earlier models with RMSE is less than 0.01, PBIAS less than 4% and R2 greater than 0.98, It shows that the present model can simulate soil wetting pattern in the drip irrigation system.
Effect of Feeding of Unconventional Oil Cake Combination on Methane Emission Through Respiration Chamber Study
Authors: Akash Rathod , Shivani Bhagat , Natarajan A. , Chaturvedi V.B. , Saha S.K.
Published: October 2022

Background: In India, there are a variety of unconventional feed resources that can be used in ration of ruminant animals. Among all, the most promising are castor bean, mahua, neem and karanj oil cakes which contains quality nutrients like that of conventional cakes. These unconventional oilcakes (UOC) are rich source of phytochemicals such as glycosides, saponins, tannins, essential oils and other which will help in methane reduction. This study was planned to investigate the effect of feeding unconventional oil cakes combination (Karanj: mahua: 75:25) on methane production through respiration chamber. Methods: Nine cattle calves aged one and half year old were distributed into three groups (Control, T1 and T2), three in each as per completely randomized block design where one group acted as control and two groups (T1 and T2) were experimental. The control animals were fed with basal diet (concentrate+roughage) and T1 and T2 were fed with basal diet and UOC combination at the rate of 7.5% and 10% of concentrate mixture, respectively. The calves were fed for 120 days and methane was estimated through respiration chamber. Result: Methane production was significantly (P less than 0.01) reduced in experimental group, compared to control. Methane production (L/day) measured in control, T1 and T2 was 75.24±2.02, 65.90±0.97 and 59.85±1.55, respectively. Based on the result we concluded that feeding of UOC combination significantly reduced the methane production.
​Principal Component Analysis for Identification of Mineral Content in Moroccan Lentils
Authors: Noura EL Alami , Said Gmouh , Mohamed Blaghen
Published: October 2022

Background: Thirty-six samples of Moroccan lentils from the 2014 and 2015 harvests were selected in order to evaluate the nutritional characteristics, more precisely the micronutrient content Fe, Zn, Mn, Cu, Ca, Mg, P and K. Methods: The mineral assay was performed using an ICP-AES atomic emission spectrometer. Analysis of the data was performed using the principal component analysis (PCA). Result: The results showed that these samples are rich in P and K more than the other elements, which also have a good concentration. Analysis of the data using the principal component analysis (PCA) identified the sample with a right balance in the concentration of the elements studied. In addition, the study of the concentration with the aid of the husking seed made it possible to have an idea on which part of the seed the minerals are concentrated. We concluded from this second study that we could use the whole lentil seed as an additive to flour in order to enrich it with minerals and avoid the problems caused by mineral deficiency in the human body.
Enhancement of Seed Germination and Seedling Vigour through Different Seed Priming Treatments in Blackgram (Vigna mungo L.)
Authors: Dugesar Vijay , Chaurasia A.K. , Bara Bineeta M. , Sahi V.P.
Published: October 2022

Background: Blackgram (Vignam ungo L.) is one of the most important legume crops, grown all around the world. It is used as a vegetable, feed, food and fodder purpose. Blackgram has lower germination and production because of its hard outer covering. To improve germination and seedling vigour, priming alters the physiological state of the seed. This change may improve germination uniformity, increasing seed vigour or physiology. Primed seeds generate seedlings that germinate faster and more uniformed than unprimed seeds and these early seedlings are frequently more robust and resistant to biotic and abiotic stresses. This is a time-saving and low-cost strategy that farmers may employ to improve crop stand and productivity while reducing cost. Methods: The experiment was carried out in 2016-2017 at Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, SHUATS, Prayagraj. Blackgram (var. PU-31) seeds were primed with Hydro, Halo, Osmo and Organic priming at 12 hours. Then, four replications of the Complete Randomized Block Design were used to test seeds for germination and vigour. Result: The experimental results indicated that seed primed with PEG6000@ 20% had the highest germination, seedling length and vigour indices, followed by CaCl2@ 1%, when compared to control and other treatments.
Studying the dynamics of thermokarst lakes in the West Siberian Arctic based on the analysis of time series of satellite measurements
Authors: Polishchuk Yury M. , Kupriyanov Matvey A.
Published: October 2022

Subject of research: article is the time series of changes in the area of thermokarst lakes in the Arctic under the conditions of modern climatic changes.

Purpose of research: to analyze the time series of satellite measurements of lake areas for studying the dynamics of lakes in the West Siberian Arctic.

Methods and objects of research: we present the results of formation and analysis of time series of lake areas intended for studying the dynamics of thermokarst lakes in the Arctic zone of Western Siberia over a 36-year period. The time series were obtained based on the results of remote measurements of the lake areas on the territory of 627 thousand km2 using 688 Landsat satellite images, sampled in the period 1985-2021. The study area was divided into three ecoregions to analyze the territorial features of the vast Arctic zone of Western Siberia. The analysis of the time series showed that the change in the average lake area in the territory of the Arctic zone of Western Siberia exhibits a marked negative linear trend.

Main results of research: based on the comparison of the trends in the time series of lake areas in the territories of the three ecoregions of the West Siberian Arctic, it was found that the thermokarst lakes of Yamal exhibit the highest rate of change in the areas compared to the other Arctic ecoregions.
Investigation of the problem of representation of a linear functional in the form of a scoal product
Authors: Ushakov Andrey L.
Published: October 2022

Subject of research: the problem of representing a linear functional in the form of a scalar product in the Hilbert space. For example, this may be the Dirichlet problem for a second-order elliptic equation in variational form.

Purpose of research: to present a general scheme of the method of iterative extensions for solving elliptic boundary value problems with Dirichlet conditions.

Methods and objects of research: the object of study in such a problem can be the deformation of the membrane. A continuation of the considered problem in the Hilbert space is given. The extended problem is considered in a subspace of the Hilbert space. The extended problem is studied by the method of iterative extensions in the Euclidean space. An algorithm for implementing the method of iterative extensions is given.

Main results of research: as a result, it turns out that the general scheme of the method of iterative extensions as applied to the solution of a boundary value problem with Dirichlet conditions for an elliptic equation does not depend on the order of this equation. An example is given to illustrate the conclusion about the efficiency of the method of iterative extensions.
Subjective well-being of students in school in an inclusive education
Authors: Kukuev Yevgeny A.
Published: October 2022

The article analyzes the arguments of the relevance of the study of the connection between inclusion in a modern school and the subjective well-being of schoolchildren.

Subject of research: factors of subjective well-being of students and an inclusive school environment.

Purpose of research: to analyze the severity of the factors of subjective well-being of students and the inclusive environment of the school in conjunction with the socio-psychological characteristics of students, including those with disabilities.

Methods and objects of research: the empirical analysis included a study of satisfaction with school, family, oneself and one's life prospects, friends, as well as inclusive policies, inclusive practices, and inclusive culture at school. A continuous study of 807 students of the 7,8,9,10,11 th grades of the Tyumen city school was conducted. The study was conducted using the author's questionnaire. It is based on the questionnaire of the international research project on the study of subjective well-being of children "Detsky Mir" Children's World and the questionnaire of T.Booth, M.Einscow.

Main results of research: a decrease in the level of assessment of subjective well-being with an increase in the class of study; a difference in grades depending on gender; a tendency to link well-being and an inclusive environment at school; a difference in the assessment of factors of subjective well-being and an inclusive environment of normotypical and students with disabilities. It is shown that one of the tools for the formation of an inclusive educational space can be socio-emotional learning. Inclusion, subjective well-being and socio-emotional learning make up the trinity of the education model. The construction of this model will ensure the necessary level of openness and accessibility of modern school education.
Dependence of TBP (true boiling point) curve for oil on the method for determining the fractional composition
Authors: Nigametzyanov Ilnar R. , Vtorushina Ella A. , Muratova Valeriya M.
Published: October 2022

The subject of this study is the study of methods for determining the fractional composition of oil.

The purpose of this work is to assess the influence of the method of determining the fractional composition on the oil TIC on the example of the Salymskoye field.

This article describes the comparative results of determining the fractional composition of the oil of the Salym field, obtained by three different methods: atmospheric vacuum distillation, the Engler method, simulated distillation in a gas chromatographic column.

The results obtained show which currently depends on the goals and objectives is a more effective method for the study of heavy oils, oil residues and petroleum products.
Old-fashioned and newly discovered biomarkers: the future of NAFLD-related HCC screening and monitoring
Authors: Piciotti Roberto , Longo Miriam , Agresta Adele , Paolini Erika , Cespiati Annalisa , Meroni Marica , Dongiovanni Paola
Published: October 2022

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the major contributor to the global burden of chronic liver diseases and ranges from simple and reversible steatosis to nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), which may progress into cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). HCC represents the most common liver cancer, and it is a leading cause of death worldwide with an increasing trend for the future. Due to late diagnosis, non-responsiveness to systemic therapy, and high cancer heterogeneity, the treatment of this malignancy is challenging. To date, liver biopsy and ultrasound (US) are the gold standard procedures for HCC diagnosis and surveillance, although they are not suitable for mass screening. Therefore, it is impelling to find new, less invasive diagnostic strategies able to detect HCC at an early stage as well as monitor tumor progression and recurrence. Common and rare inherited variations that boost the switching from NASH to liver cancer may help to predict tumor onset. Furthermore, epigenetic changes which reflect intertumoral heterogeneity occur early in tumorigenesis and are highly stable under pathologic conditions. The severity of hepatic injuries can be detected through the analysis of cell circulating tumor DNAs (ctDNAs), microRNAs (miRNAs), and noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs), which are involved in several pathological processes that feature cancer, including cell growth, survival, and differentiation, thus representing appealing biomarkers for HCC. Therefore, this review discusses the current options for HCC surveillance, focusing on the role of genetic and epigenetic biomarkers as new strategies to refine HCC management.
Which is the best algorithm for evaluating a patient’s candidate to sleeve with suspected reflux or hiatal hernia: is manometry or reflux assessment always necessary
Authors: Soricelli Emanuele , Facchiano Enrico , Casella Giovanni , Genco Alfredo , Lucchese Marcello
Published: October 2022

Laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy (SG) has reached wide popularity during the last 15 years, owing to limited morbidity and mortality rates, very successful weight loss results, and impact on comorbidities. However, the postoperative development or worsening of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is one of the most important drawbacks of this surgical procedure. To date, there is great heterogeneity concerning the definition of GERD, the indication for SG in patients with GERD, and the standardization of pre and postoperative diagnostic pathways. In patients with severe obesity, a strictly symptom-based diagnosis of GERD is unreliable. In fact, a high rate of silent GERD (s-GERD, asymptomatic patients despite objective evidence of GERD) has been reported. Moreover, patients with preoperative s-GERD have a significantly higher risk of experiencing GERD symptoms after SG. For these reasons, the reflux burden and the competence of the anti-reflux barrier should be carefully assessed during the preoperative work-up of patients undergoing SG. Ambulatory pH monitoring (APM) and high-resolution manometry (HRM) are useful diagnostic tools that could provide valuable evidence in the guidance of surgical strategy. In this review, we evaluate the current literature concerning the use of APM and HRM in the diagnostic pathway before SG, as well as their predictive value for the evolution of GERD in the postoperative course. Moreover, we propose a diagnostic algorithm for preoperative GERD assessment, which includes validated symptom questionnaires, upper gastrointestinal endoscopy, APM, and HRM.
Overview of this issue
Authors: Stewart Michelle
Published: October 2022

No abstract available
Kadın İstihdamının Ekonomik Büyümeye Etkisi: Ampirik Bir Analiz
Authors: KUTLUAY ŞAHİN Dilek
Published: October 2022

Sürdürülebilir ekonomik büyüme ve kalkınmanın sağlanmasında kadınların işgücüne katılımlarının oldukça önemli bir rolü vardır. Çalışma, kadın istihdamı ile ekonomik büyüme arasındaki ilişkiyi ortaya koymayı amaçlamaktadır. Çalışmada öncelikle kadın istihdamı ile ekonomik büyüme ve kalkınma konusunda yapılmış çalışmalarla ilgili literatür taraması yapılmıştır. Kadınların işgücüne katılımını etkileyen unsurlara yer verilmiştir. Ayrıca kadın istihdamının ekonomik büyümeyi ne ölçüde etkilediğini belirleyebilmek amacıyla Türkiye’nin de aralarında olduğu 31 Avrupa ülkesi için analiz yapılmıştır. Analizde 2009-2020 dönemi kadın istihdamı ve GSYİH verileri yıllık olarak kullanılmıştır. Kadın istihdamı ile ekonomik büyüme arasındaki ilişki panel veri yöntemi kullanılarak tahmin edilmiştir. Çalışma sonucunda elde edilen analiz bulgularına göre kadın istihdamının ekonomik büyümeyi pozitif yönde önemli ölçüde etkilediği sonucuna ulaşılmıştır. Analiz sonucunda ulaşılan bu sonuç literatürdeki çalışmalara göre oluşturulmuş olan beklentiyi desteklemektedir. Dolayısıyla sürdürülebilir bir ekonomik büyüme ve kalkınmayı sağlamak isteyen ülkelerin kadın istihdamına önem vermeleri ve kadınların işgücüne katılımını arttıracak politikalar izlemeleri gerekmektedir.