bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Photocatalytic degradation of paracetamol using aluminosilicate supported TiO2
Authors: Jayasree Pyla , Remya Neelancherry
Published: October 2020

The continuous growth of the pharmaceutical drug industry has escalated the problem of pharmaceutical waste disposal, and subsequent contamination of aquatic bodies. Paracetamol is one of the most prescribed and purchased drugs that has been widely detected in wastewater and surface water. The present study investigated paracetamol degradation by photocatalytic treatment in a batch system using TiO2 supported on aluminosilicate recovered from waste LED panel (ATiO2). The prepared ATiO2 catalyst was characterized for morphology, elemental composition and crystallinity using scanning electron microscope (SEM) with electron dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) and X-ray diffraction (XRD), respectively. ATiO2 was spherical in morphology with a predominance of the anatase phase of TiO2 and an average size of ∼15 nm. Subsequently, the effects of operating parameters, viz., initial paracetamol concentration (1–10 mg/L), catalyst dosage (0.5–4.0 g/L) and pH (4–10) on paracetamol degradation were investigated using central composite design (CCD). A polynomial model was developed to interpret the linear and interactive effect of operating parameters on the paracetamol degradation efficiency. About 99% degradation efficiency of paracetamol was obtained at optimum conditions (Initial paracetamol concentration ∼2.74 mg/L, ATiO2 dosage ∼2.71 g/L and pH ∼ 9.5). The mechanism of paracetamol degradation was adsorption on aluminosilicate and subsequent degradation by TiO2. ATiO2 could be effectively reused up to 3 cycles, with <5% decrease in the degradation efficiency.
Decentralised, small-scale coagulation-membrane treatment of wastewater from metal recycling villages – a case study from Vietnam
Authors: Tran Lan Thu , Do Anh Tien , Pham Tuan Hung , Nguyen Kim Thanh , Duong Hung Cong
Published: October 2020

Effective treatment of wastewaters laden with heavy metals is critical to the sustainable social and economic growth of metal recycling villages in Vietnam. Currently, most wastewaters from metal recycling villages in Vietnam are directly discharged, posing great threats to the environment and human health. In this study, a small-scale combined coagulation-membrane filtration treatment of wastewater collected from a metal recycling village in Vietnam was experimentally investigated. The experimental results manifested the technical viability of the combined coagulation-membrane filtration process for the treatment of the heavily polluted metal recycling wastewater for beneficial reuse. In this combined treatment process, coagulation using ferric chloride (FeCl2) served as a pre-treatment prior to the microfiltration (MF)/reverse osmosis (RO) process. Under the optimised conditions, coagulation at the dosage of 0.2 g FeCl2 per 1,000 ml wastewater removed more than 90% of heavy metals (i.e. most notably including aluminium and chromium) from the wastewater, reducing the aluminium and chromium concentrations in the wastewater from 548.0 to 52.3 mg/L to 32.6 and 1.7 mg/L, respectively. The MF treatment of the wastewater following the coagulation further removed suspended solids and organic matters, rendering the wastewater safe for the subsequent RO filtration with respect to membrane fouling. Given the efficient pre-treatment of coagulation and MF, the RO process at the controlled water recovery of 50% was able to effectively treat the wastewater to potable water.
Stereotactic Biopsy Results of a Series of Patients with Nonpalpable Breast Lesions in Our Hospital
Authors: HACIM Nadir Adnan , AKBAŞ Ahmet
Published: October 2020

Aim: Although screening mammography has a high sensitivity in the clinical detection of nonpalpable breast cancer, most mammographically suspicious lesions referred to biopsy are seen to be benign. The rate of malignancy in such lesions that are biopsied with needle–wire localization ranges from 10 to 36%. In this study, we aimed to compare with the literature the pathological results and Breast Imaging Reporting and Data System (BI-RADS) scores of lesions subjected to mammography and excisional biopsy after ultrasonography-guided needle–wire localization and calculate a positive predictive value for each category.

Materials and Methods: By electronically reviewing patient files and using the International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems (ICD-10) codes, we identified patients who underwent excisional biopsy after stereotactic marking at the General Surgery Clinic of the Istanbul Sisli Hamidiye Etfal Training and Research Hospital between January 2003 and March 2009. A total of 64 patients were included in the study, of whom 43 had benign and 21 had malignant lesions on postoperative histopathological examination. Data on patient demographic characteristics, indications for marking, and histopathological diagnoses were recorded. The patient BI-RADS scores were determined based on the mammography and breast ultrasonography reports. The BI-RADS classification and histopathological examination results were compared in percentages.

Results: The mean patient age was 48.9 (32–76) years. Based on the mammography reports, the most common indications for stereotactic marking and excisional biopsy were microcalcification cluster and spiculated mass. Histopathological examination results revealed malignancy in 8%, 51%, and 100% of the patients whose BI-RADS scores were mammographically determined to be BI-RADS 3, BI-RADS 4, and BI-RADS 5, respectively.

Discussion and Conclusion: The BI-RADS-based classification of lesions detected by mammography and ultrasonography can help in predicting malignancy. While BI-RADS 4 and BI-RADS 5 lesions are referred to biopsy primarily, short-term follow-up of BI-RADS 3 lesions as an alternative to biopsy could reduce unnecessary biopsies.
CRISPR/Cas9 Genome Editing Tool: A Promising Tool for Therapeutic Applications on Respiratory Diseases
Authors: Shaikh Sadiya Bi , Bhandary Yashodhar Prabhakar
Published: October 2020

Respiratory diseases are one of the prime topics of concern in the current era due to improper
diagnostics tools. Gene-editing therapy, like Clustered regularly interspaced palindromic repeats-
associated nuclease 9 (CRISPR/Cas9), is gaining popularity in pulmonary research, opening
up doors to invaluable insights on underlying mechanisms. CRISPR/Cas9 can be considered as a
potential gene-editing tool with a scientific community that is helping in the advancement of knowledge
in respiratory health and therapy. As an appealing therapeutic tool, we hereby explore the advanced
research on the application of CRISPR/Cas9 tools in chronic respiratory diseases such as
lung cancer, Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and cystic fibrosis (CF). We also address
the urgent need to establish this gene-editing tool in various other lung diseases such as asthma,
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF). The present
review introduces CRISPR/Cas9 as a worthy application in targeting epithelial-mesenchymal
transition and fibrinolytic system via editing specific genes. Thereby, based on the efficiency of
CRISPR/Cas9, it can be considered as a promising therapeutic tool in respiratory health research.
Arylpyrazoles: Heterocyclic Scaffold of Immense Therapeutic Application
Authors: Tripathi Garima , Singh Anil Kumar , Kumar Abhijeet
Published: October 2020

Among the major class of heterocycles, the N-heterocycles, such as pyrazoles,
are scaffolds of vast medicinal values. Various drugs and other biologically active molecules
are known to contain these N-heterocycles as core motifs. Specifically, arylpyrazoles
have exhibited a diverse range of biological activities, including anti-inflammatory, anticancerous,
antimicrobial and various others. For instance, arylpyrazoles are present as
core moieties in various insecticides, fungicides and drugs such as Celebrex and Trocoxil.
The present review will be highlighting the significant therapeutic importance of pyrazole
derivatives developed in the last few years.
Antioxidant and Anti-inflammatory Properties of Yttrium Oxide Nanoparticles: New Insights into Alleviating Diabetes
Authors: Tang Kim San
Published: October 2020

Background::

Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disease that requires immediate attention.
Oxidative stress that leads to the generation of reactive oxygen species is a contributing factor to
the disease progression. Yttrium oxide nanoparticles (Y2O3 NPs) have a profound effect on alleviating
oxidative damage.

Methods::

The literature related to Y2O3 NPs and oxidative stress has been thoroughly searched using
PubMed and Scopus databases and relevant studies from inception until August 2020 were included
in this scoping review.

Results::

Y2O3 NPs altered oxidative stress-related biochemical parameters in different disease models
including diabetes.

Conclusion::

Although Y2O3 NPs are a promising antidiabetic agent due to their antioxidant and anti-
inflammatory properties, more studies are required to further elucidate the pharmacological and
toxicological properties of these nanoparticles.
Impact Evaluation of the Kenya Frontline Field Epidemiology Training Program: Repeated-Measures Study
Authors: Roka Zeinab Gura , Oyugi Elvis Omondi , Githuku Jane Njoki , Kanyina Evalyne , Obonyo Mark , Omballa Victor , Boru Waqo Gufu , Ransom James
Published: October 2020

Background

In 2014, Kenya’s Field Epidemiology and Laboratory Training Program (FELTP) initiated a 3-month field-based frontline training, Field Epidemiology Training Program (FETP-F), for local public health workers.

Objective

This study aimed to measure the effect of FETP-F on participant workplace practices regarding quality and consistency of public health data, critical interaction with public health data, and improvements in on-time reporting (OTR).

Methods

Between February and April 2017, FELTP conducted a mixed methods evaluation via online survey to examine outcomes achieved among all 215 graduates from 2014 and 2015. Data quality assessment (DQA) and data consistency assessment (DCA) scores, OTR percentages, and ratings of the training experience were the quantitative measures tracked from baseline and then at 6-month intervals up to 18 months postcompletion of the training. The qualitative component consisted of semistructured face-to-face interviews and observations. Quantitative data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA). Qualitative data were transcribed and analyzed to identify key themes and dimensions.

Results

In total, 103 (47%) graduates responded to the survey. Quantitative analyses showed that the training significantly increased the mean DQA and OTR scores but there was a nonsignificant increase in mean DCA scores. Qualitative analyses found that 68% of respondents acquired new skills, 83% applied those skills to their day-to-day work, and 91% improved work methods.

Conclusions

FETP-F improved overall data quality and OTR at the agency level but had minimal impact on data consistency between local, county, and national public health agencies. Participants reported that they acquired practical skills that improved data collation and analysis and OTR.
AQUEDUCT Intervention for Crisis Team Quality and Effectiveness in Dementia: Protocol for a Feasibility Study
Authors: Broome Emma Elizabeth , Coleston-Shields Donna Maria , Dening Tom , Moniz-Cook Esme , Poland Fiona , Stanyon Miriam , Orrell Martin
Published: October 2020

Background

Specialist community teams often support people with dementia who experience crisis. These teams may vary in composition and models of practice, which presents challenges when evaluating their effectiveness. A best practice model for dementia crisis services could be used by teams to improve the quality and effectiveness of the care they deliver.

Objective

The aim of this study is to examine the feasibility of conducting a large-scale randomized controlled trial comparing the AQUEDUCT (Achieving Quality and Effectiveness in Dementia Using Crisis Teams) Resource Kit intervention to treatment as usual.

Methods

This is a multisite feasibility study in preparation for a future randomized controlled trial. Up to 54 people with dementia (and their carers) and 40 practitioners will be recruited from 4 geographically widespread teams managing crisis in dementia. Quantitative outcomes will be recorded at baseline and at discharge. This study will also involve a nested health economic substudy and qualitative research to examine participant experiences of the intervention and acceptability of research procedures.

Results

Ethical approval for this study was granted in July 2019. Participant recruitment began in September 2019, and as of September 2020, all data collection has been completed. Results of this study will establish the acceptability of the intervention, recruitment rates, and will assess the feasibility and appropriateness of the outcome measures in preparation for a large-scale randomized controlled trial.

Conclusions

There is a need to evaluate the effectiveness of crisis intervention teams for older people with dementia. This is the first study to test the feasibility of an evidence-based best practice model for teams managing crisis in dementia. The results of this study will assist in the planning and delivery of a large-scale randomized controlled trial.

International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID)

DERR1-10.2196/18971
Evaluating Identity Disclosure Risk in Fully Synthetic Health Data: Model Development and Validation
Authors: El Emam Khaled , Mosquera Lucy , Bass Jason
Published: October 2020

Background

There has been growing interest in data synthesis for enabling the sharing of data for secondary analysis; however, there is a need for a comprehensive privacy risk model for fully synthetic data: If the generative models have been overfit, then it is possible to identify individuals from synthetic data and learn something new about them.

Objective

The purpose of this study is to develop and apply a methodology for evaluating the identity disclosure risks of fully synthetic data.

Methods

A full risk model is presented, which evaluates both identity disclosure and the ability of an adversary to learn something new if there is a match between a synthetic record and a real person. We term this “meaningful identity disclosure risk.” The model is applied on samples from the Washington State Hospital discharge database (2007) and the Canadian COVID-19 cases database. Both of these datasets were synthesized using a sequential decision tree process commonly used to synthesize health and social science data.

Results

The meaningful identity disclosure risk for both of these synthesized samples was below the commonly used 0.09 risk threshold (0.0198 and 0.0086, respectively), and 4 times and 5 times lower than the risk values for the original datasets, respectively.

Conclusions

We have presented a comprehensive identity disclosure risk model for fully synthetic data. The results for this synthesis method on 2 datasets demonstrate that synthesis can reduce meaningful identity disclosure risks considerably. The risk model can be applied in the future to evaluate the privacy of fully synthetic data.
Role of Technology in Self-Assessment and Feedback Among Hospitalist Physicians: Semistructured Interviews and Thematic Analysis
Authors: Yin Andrew Lukas , Gheissari Pargol , Lin Inna Wanyin , Sobolev Michael , Pollak John P , Cole Curtis , Estrin Deborah
Published: October 2020

Background

Lifelong learning is embedded in the culture of medicine, but there are limited tools currently available for many clinicians, including hospitalists, to help improve their own practice. Although there are requirements for continuing medical education, resources for learning new clinical guidelines, and developing fields aimed at facilitating peer-to-peer feedback, there is a gap in the availability of tools that enable clinicians to learn based on their own patients and clinical decisions.

Objective

The aim of this study was to explore the technologies or modifications to existing systems that could be used to benefit hospitalist physicians in pursuing self-assessment and improvement by understanding physicians’ current practices and their reactions to proposed possibilities.

Methods

Semistructured interviews were conducted in two separate stages with analysis performed after each stage. In the first stage, interviews (N=12) were conducted to understand the ways in which hospitalist physicians are currently gathering feedback and assessing their practice. A thematic analysis of these interviews informed the prototype used to elicit responses in the second stage.

Results

Clinicians actively look for feedback that they can apply to their practice, with the majority of the feedback obtained through self-assessment. The following three themes surrounding this aspect were identified in the first round of semistructured interviews: collaboration, self-reliance, and uncertainty, each with three related subthemes. Using a wireframe, the second round of interviews led to identifying the features that are currently challenging to use or could be made available with technology.

Conclusions

Based on each theme and subtheme, we provide targeted recommendations for use by relevant stakeholders such as institutions, clinicians, and technologists. Most hospitalist self-assessments occur on a rolling basis, specifically using data in electronic medical records as their primary source. Specific objective data points or subjective patient relationships lead clinicians to review their patient cases and to assess their own performance. However, current systems are not built for these analyses or for clinicians to perform self-assessment, making this a burdensome and incomplete process. Building a platform that focuses on providing and curating the information used for self-assessment could help physicians make more accurately informed changes to their own clinical practice and decision-making.
Unique Features of a Web-Based Nutrition Website for Childhood Cancer Populations: Descriptive Study (Preprint)
Authors: Wartenberg Lisa , Raber Margaret , Chandra Joya
Published: October 2020

BACKGROUND

Children with cancer experience a myriad of nutritional challenges that impact their nutrition status during treatment and into survivorship. Growing evidence suggests that weight at diagnosis impacts cancer outcomes, but provider guidance on nutrition and diet during treatment varies. Nutrition literacy and culinary resources may help mitigate some common nutritional problems; however, many patients may face barriers to accessing in-person classes. Along with dietitian-led clinical interventions, web-based resources such as the newly updated electronic cookbook (e-cookbook) created by The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, @TheTable, may facilitate access to nutrition and culinary education during treatment and into survivorship.

OBJECTIVE

We sought to define and describe the features and content of the @TheTable e-cookbook and compare it with analogous resources for a lay audience of patients with childhood cancer and childhood cancer survivors as well as their families.

METHODS

We evaluated freely available web-based resources via a popular online search engine (ie, Google). These searches yielded three web-based resources analogous to @TheTable: the American Institute for Cancer Research’s Healthy Recipes, The Children’s Hospital of San Antonio’s Culinary Health Education for Families Recipe for Life, and Ann Ogden Gaffney and Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center’s Cook for Your Life. These sites were analyzed for the following: number of recipes, search functionality, child or family focus, cancer focus, specific dietary guidance, videos or other media, and miscellaneous unique features.

RESULTS

Cook for Your Life and Culinary Health Education for Families Recipe for Life were the most comparable to @TheTable with respect to cancer focus and family focus, respectively. Healthy Recipes is the least user-friendly, with few search options and no didactic videos.

CONCLUSIONS

The @TheTable e-cookbook is unique in its offering of child- and family-focused content centered on the cancer and survivorship experience.
Practical Lessons from the Speeding Research-Tested Intervention (SPRINT) program: A Discussion Paper (Preprint)
Authors: Chee Wonshik , Kim Sangmi , Jang Mia , Im Eun Ok
Published: October 2020

BACKGROUND

A culturally tailored technology-based cancer support program was recently developed and tested among Asian American breast cancer survivors to assist their survivorship process. To explore future opportunities to sustain the program, the research team participated in the SPeeding Research-tested INTervention (SPRINT) program sponsored by the National Cancer Institute.

OBJECTIVE

The purpose of this presentation is to share and discuss the lessons from the research team’s experience in the NCI sponsored SPRINT program.

METHODS

During the program participation, the research team conducted 73 interviews for customer discovery through WebEX, phone calls, and in-person visits (50 in-person interviews, 4 phone interviews, and 19 WebEx interviews). All the interviews were recorded using audio-taping or writing memos. Also, the research team wrote memos on the issues/concerns related to the project during the interview process. Then, the transcripts were analyzed using a content analysis. The themes from the analysis were used as the evidence to support the discussion points.

RESULTS

The themes reflecting the lessons that the research team learned from the SPRINT program included: (a) “who are the stakeholders”; (b) “depending on stakeholders”; (c) “what works or not”; (d) “personal versus family responsibilities”; and (e) “depending on countries’ situations.”

CONCLUSIONS

The design and implementation process of technology-based cancer support programs need to consider the actual needs of stakeholders and current market situations.
Youth Social, Emotional, and Behavioral Problems in the ABCD Study: Minorities’ Diminished Returns of Family Income
Authors: Assari Shervin
Published: October 2020

Background: To investigate ethnic differences in the protective effects of family income against youth social, emotional, and behavioral problems in the US. As proposed by the Marginalization-related Diminished Returns (MDRs), family income may generate fewer tangible outcomes for ethnic minority compared to NHW families. Our existing knowledge is minimal about diminished returns of family income on parental reports of youth social, emotional, and behavioral outcomes. Aim: To compare ethnic groups for the effects of parental highest educational attainment on parental reports of youth social, emotional, and behavioral problems. Materials and methods: In this cross-sectional study, data from wave 1 of the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) study were included. The ABCD, an ongoing national cohort of American youth brain development, included 10,762 American youth between ages 8 and 11 years old. The independent variable was family income. The primary outcomes were 1) anxious and depressed mood, 2) withdrawn and depressed affect, 3) somatic complaints, 4) social and interpersonal problems, 5) thought problems, 6) rule-breaking behaviors, 7) attention problems, and 8) violent and aggressive behaviors. These outcomes were generated based on parent-reported behavioral problems measured using the Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL). Results: Overall, high family income was associated with lower levels of parental reports of youth social, emotional, and behavioral problems across all domains (p <0.05 for all beta coefficients across multivariable regression models). Ethnicity showed statistically significant interactions with family income on youth fewer social, emotional, and behavioral problems (all domains), net of all confounders (p <0.05 for all beta coefficients that reflected interaction terms across multivariable regression models), indicating smaller tangible gains from their family income for NHB and HW compared to NHW youth. Conclusion: The protective effects of parent education against behavioral problems are systematically diminished for HW and NHB youth compared to NHW youth. To minimize the ethnic gap in youth social, behavioral, and emotional problems, diminished returns of parent education should be addressed. There is a need for programs and interventions that equalize not only SES but also the marginal returns of SES for ethnic groups. Such efforts require addressing structural and societal barriers that hinder HW and NHB families from translating their SES resources into tangible outcomes. There is a need for studies that can minimize MDRs for NHB and HW families. Thus, SES can similarly secure tangible outcomes in the presence of SES resources.
FORMULATION AND EFFECTIVITY TEST OF DEODORANT FROM ACTIVATED CHARCOAL OF PALM SHELL AS EXCESSIVE SWEAT ADSORBENT ON BODY
Authors: UCE LESTARI  , FAIZAR FARID  , AHMAD FUDHOLI
Published: October 2020

Objective: The objective of this study was to know the physically stable deodorant preparations during storage and to obtain the preparations.

Methods: The evaluation of the physical properties of deodorant include: Organoleptic test, homogeneity, pH measurement, viscosity, flow properties, drying time, moisture content, flow time, density, cycling test, hedonic test, irritation test, and effectivity test of sweat adsorption. Activated charcoal used by the formulation of deodorant powder and roll on each with a concentration of 15%.

Results: The physicochemical evaluation was obtained. Descriptively produced data stated that deodorant powder is more physically stable that deodorant roll-on which has separated during storage.

Conclusion: For the effectivity of sweat adsorption, deodorant powder is more effective than deodorant roll-on.
DEVELOPMENT AND EVALUATION OF TIZANIDINE HYDROCHLORIDE LOADED SOLID LIPID NANOPARTICLES
Authors: PAVITHRA K  , BHAGAWATI ST  , MANJUNATH K
Published: October 2020

Objectives: The primary objective of the present study is to develop and evaluate tizanidine hydrochloride (TZ) solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNs) using solid lipids/triglycerides.

Methods: TZ SLNs were prepared by hot homogenization followed by ultrasonication technique. The prepared SLNs were characterized for drug content, entrapment and loading efficiency, particle size, zeta potential, polydispersity index (PDI), and in intro release kinetics.

Results: TZ SLNs were prepared. The particle size ranged from 49.7 to 523.7 nm. PDI of all formulations was good within the range of 0.189–0.487. The zeta potential of blank SLNs was −15.2 mV whereas drug-loaded SLNs showed zeta potential from −8.85 mV to −42.0 mV. Entrapment efficiency observed was in the range of 34.5–75.0%. The cumulative percentage release of TZ from different TZ nanoparticles varied from 35.28% to 83.98% depending on the drug-lipid ratio and the type of lipid and surfactant used. The release kinetic studies of optimized formulation showed that the release was first order and the release mechanism was non-Fickian type.

Conclusion: The prepared SLNs were able to sustain the drug release for 24 h, thus reducing dosing frequency and occurrence of side effects, thereby increasing the effectiveness of the drug.
SYNTHESIS, CHARACTERIZATION, AND EVALUATION OF ANTIBACTERIAL AND ANTIDEPRESSANT ACTIVITIES OF NOVEL TETRASUBSTITUTED IMIDAZOLE DERIVATIVES
Authors: AKSHAY MURALI  , ANUSHA SHAJI
Published: October 2020

Objective: The objective of this study is to synthesize 10 novel tetrasubstituted imidazole derivatives and characterizations of them and to evaluate their antibacterial and antidepressant activities.

Methods: Ten novel tetrasubstituted imidazole derivatives were synthesized on the basis of Radziszewski imidazole synthesis. They were purified by double crystallization, characterized by melting point, thin-layer chromatography, infrared, and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, and subjected to elemental analysis. They were evaluated for their antibacterial activity by agar disc diffusion method and antidepressant activity by forced swim method and tail suspension method.

Results: The compounds were synthesized and characterized them, and the structure was confirmed. The compounds were designated as M1 to M10 depending on their substitution. The antibacterial activity was evaluated using disc diffusion test in Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Escherichia coli using ciprofloxacin 20 μg as standard. All the 10 test drugs show significant antibacterial activity in Gram-positive organism. The antidepressant activity of novel tetrasubstituted derivatives and standard clomipramine using forced swim test and tail suspension method is evaluated in rats. Synthesized novel tetrasubstituted derivatives show a promising antidepressant activity.

Conclusion: The synthesized compounds find promising antibacterial and antidepressant activities.
EFFECT OF PRODIGIOSIN FROM SERRATIA MARCESCENS BR1 STRAIN AS AN ANTIOXIDATIVE, ANTIMICROBIAL, AND IN VIVO WOUND HEALING
Authors: HACENE ELHAMEUR
Published: October 2020

Objective: The aim of this work is to evaluate antioxidative, antimicrobial, and healing wound potential of prodigiosin extracted from Serratia marcescens strain microbiota of a traditional Algerian fermented cereal food. The goal is to develop a natural galenic formulation for external use.

Methods: After extraction and purification of the red pigment, the Fourier transform infrared spectrum is determined. The antioxidative activity was performed by scavenging radical with 2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), bleaching of beta-carotene, and ferric reducing antioxidant power. Antimicrobial tests were assessed against bacteria and fungi pathogenic reference strains Escherichia coli ATCC 25922, Enterococcus faecalis ATCC 10541, Klebsiella oxytoca ATCC 13182, Staphylococcus aureus CC 10541, Helicobacter pylori, and Candida albicans ATCC 10231. Healing wound activity was achieved in vivo on Wistar rats using as a reference to the commercial formulation Madécasol.

Results: S. marcescens BR1 produce a prodigiosin where IR spectrum is typical. The DPPH test shows a trapping power of 80% at 1 mg/ml and an inhibitory concentration 50 equal to 0.54 mg/ml. The discoloration of β-carotene is 50% with high ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP). Candida albicans were the most sensitive to prodigiosin with inhibition diameters >20 mm. All strains tested are sensitive to prodigiosin. C. albicans were the most sensitive with inhibition diameters >20 mm followed by H. pylori strain (15 mm) and E. coli (13.5 mm). Prodigiosin ointment at 0.1% in Vaseline was used to achieve in vivo healing activity. Obtained results showed a fast and effective wound healing potential, better than the standard (Madécasol). The cicatrization traces totally without any of the lesions. We discovered the absence of the redness phase. This formulation, based on prodigiosin, is very promising as a natural replacement for the synthetic drug, having powerful anti-microbial, wound healing, and anti-inflammatory activities.
IN VITRO AND IN SILICO STUDIES ON EVALUATING EREMANTHIN AS POTENTIAL THERAPEUTIC DRUG AGAINST BREAST CANCER
Authors: A ANITA ROY , MARY ANGEL , SABAPATHY INDU , RAJALAKSHMI MANIKKAM
Published: October 2020

Objective: The present study was aimed to evaluate the anticancer property of eremanthin isolated from Costus speciosus against breast cancer using in vitro and in silico approaches and thereby to develop eremanthin as a typical phytotherapeutic drug against cancer.

Methods: The presence of specific biologically active extract was confirmed under GC–MS/MS (gas chromatography–mass spectrometry) analysis. The cell proliferation inhibitory effect of the eremanthin was confirmed by MTT (3-(4,5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-Diphenyltetrazolium Bromide) and LDH (lactate dehydrogenase) assay. In silico studies were performed to predict the targeted interaction of eremanthin with cancer proteins.

Results: The GC–MS/MS analysis confirmed the presence of eremanthin with peak value of RA: 20.03. The MTT and LDH assays revealed the antiproliferative activity of eremanthin on MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cell lines. The results provide stable interaction between eremanthin and cancer target proteins.

Conclusion: Thus, the compound can be used as an effective herbal therapeutic molecule to treat cancer with further explorations.
THE SENSITIVITY TEST OF MYCOBACTERIUM TUBERCULOSIS ISOLATES FROM SUSPECT TUBERCULOSIS PATIENTS TO THE SEROMUCOUS OF SNAIL AND CHITOSAN AS AN ALTERNATIVE ANTI-TUBERCULOSIS DRUGS
Authors: SUTANTO YUSUP SUBAGIO , SUTANTO MAGDALENA , HARTI AGNES SRI , PUSPAWATI NONY
Published: October 2020

Objective: The purpose of this research is to study the sensitivity of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) isolates from suspect TB patients to seromucous of snail and chitosan as an alternative to anti-TB drugs.

Methods: The research methods include management specimen, freeze-drying of snail seromucous; formulation of dosage preparation; identification of MTB isolates; and sensitivity testing of MTB isolates to snail seromucous, chitosan, and streptomycin, isoniazid, rifampicin, and ethambutol (SIRE).

Results: The characteristics of respondents by sex and age are the majority of male respondents and productive adult age that is 26 years–52 years. MTB isolates used in the study were obtained from the results of the screening of sputum samples of suspect TB patients through microscopic smear examination and molecular rapid test using GeneXpert tools. MTB isolates in patients suspect TB are resistant against seromucous of snails and chitosan that it is compared with SIRE. The dosage of snail seromucous is 8000 mg/l, chitosan 2% is 800 mg/l, and SIRE, respectively (rifampicin 8000 mg/l, isoniazid 20 mg/l, ethambutol 200 mg/l, streptomycin 800 mg/l).

Conclusion: MTB isolates from patients suspect who TB is resistant to seromucous of snail (8000 mg/l) and chitosan (800 mg/l).
ANTI-PARKINSON ACTIVITY OF AQUEOUS EXTRACT OF LEAVES OF MURRAYA KOENIGII AGAINST PARAQUAT-INDUCED PARKINSONISM IN WISTAR RATS
Authors: B MAHESWARI REDDY , CK DHANAPAL , BVS LAKSHMI
Published: October 2020

Objective: The current study evaluates anti-Parkinson’s activity of aqueous extracts of leaves of Murraya koenigii (MK) (AEMK) against paraquat (PQ)-induced Parkinsonism in rats.

Methods: In this study, effects of MK (100, 200, and 400 mg/kg, p.o.) were studied using in vivo behavioral parameters such as catalepsy, muscle rigidity, and locomotor activity and its effects on neurochemical parameters malondialdehyde, catalase (CAT), glutathione (GSH) reductase, GSH peroxidase, and GSH in rats.

Results: Parkinson’s disease was induced by administering PQ 10 mg/kg b.w/i.p once in a week for 4 weeks. The increased cataleptic scores were significantly (p<0.001) found to be reduced, with the AEMK in a dose-dependent manner. Chronic administration of PQ significantly induced motor dysfunction (muscle rigidity and hypolocomotion), showed a significant increase in lipid peroxidation level, and depleted the levels of GSH, CAT, and reduced GSH. Daily administration of AEMK significantly improved motor performance and also significantly attenuated oxidative damage.

Conclusion: The study proved that MK treatment significantly attenuated motor defects and also protected the brain from oxidative stress.
STABILITY INDICATING VALIDATED HPLC METHOD FOR THE DETERMINATION OF ZANUBRUTINIB IN BULK AND PHARMACEUTICAL DOSAGE FORM
Authors: KUMARI M. VIJAYA , REDDY CH. BALASEKHAR
Published: October 2020

Objective: An accurate, rapid economical and straight forward, reliable assay technique was evolved and showed for the evaluation of zanubrutinib using reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography.

Methods: In the proposed method, efficient chromatographic separation was achieved applying acetonitrile and 0.1% orthophosphoric acid (50:50 v/v) as a mobile phase with a flow of 1 ml/min and the wavelength was observed at 220 nm. Chromatography was administered isocratically at ambient temperature and run time was approximately 6 min and the retention time (Rt) was observed as 4.358 min.

Results: The method was justified as per ICH guidelines. System suitability parameters were studied by injecting the quality six fold and results were well under acceptance criteria. Linearity study was administered between 10% and 150% levels, regression coefficient value was observed as 0.999. Limit of detection and limit of quantification were observed as 0.02 μg/ml and 0.2 μg/ml, respectively. Precision was found to be 0.74 for repeatability and 0.68 for intermediate precision. Recovery of the drug was found to be 98–102%, indicates that the recovery is in the acceptable limit. Validation results were found to be satisfactory and the method applicable for bulk and formulation analysis. Hence, it was evident that the proposed method was said to be suitable for regular analysis and quality control of pharmaceutical preparations.

Conclusion: The validation results were in good agreement with the acceptable limit. Relative standard deviation values which are <2.0% indicating the accuracy and precision of this method. Assay of retail formulation was administered and found to be 100.24% was present using the above method. Stress conditions of degradation in acidic, alkaline, peroxide, and thermal were studied. This developed method showed reliable, precise, accurate results under optimized conditions.
IN VITRO ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY STUDIES OF AQUEOUS- AND FREEZE-DRIED FRUIT EXTRACT OF RHUS CHINENSIS AND JUICE OF CITRUS MACROPTERA, THEIR COMPARATIVE STUDIES
Authors: SANGTAM SETINGLA , K THANZAMI
Published: October 2020

Objectives: The objective of the study is to evaluate in vitro antioxidant activity of aqueous- and freeze-dried fruits extracts of Rhus chinensis and Citrus macroptera and their comparative studies.

Methods: The sumac fruit extracts were prepared by macerating in distilled water for 36 h, strained, and concentrated. Hatkora juice was used as it is for further concentration. Both the sample were dried using two methods, that is, evaporation in the water bath at 50°C and freeze-dried in a lyophilizer. The total phenolic content and total flavonoid content were determined using Folin–Ciocalteu and aluminum chloride method. The extracts were evaluated for antioxidant activity by 2, 2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radical scavenging assay and reducing power assay.

Results: Both sumac extract and Hatkora juice show potent antioxidant activity. When compared, the freeze-dried sample shows better activity as compared to the aqueous dried sample in both DPPH and reducing power assay.

Conclusions: This study result shows high phenolic and flavonoid content which is responsible for its high antioxidant activity. This suggests that the fruits can be viewed as a potential source of natural antioxidants that can provide valuable functional ingredients useful for the prevention of diseases related to oxidative stress, dietary supplements, functional food, nutraceuticals, etc.
MODULATION OF AUTONOMIC NERVOUS SYSTEM ASSESSED THROUGH HEART RATE VARIABILITY BY INTEGRATED AMRITA MEDITATION TECHNIQUE IN TYPE 2 DIABETIC SUBJECTS – A PILOT STUDY
Authors: KS SARIKA , BALAKRISHNAN VANDANA , KUMAR HARISH , KUMAR ANAND , SUNDARAM KR
Published: October 2020

Objective: This study aims in understanding the effects of Integrated Amrita Meditation (IAM), a type of mindfulness meditation, on the autonomic balance of type 2 diabetic patients through assessment of heart rate variability (HRV).

Methods: After the initial screening of 30 type 2 diabetic subjects, 10 type 2 diabetic subjects between the age group of 30 and 65 years were randomized into two groups, diabetic test (n=5) and diabetic control group (n=5). Diabetic test group practiced IAM technique under the guidance of a trained practitioner. Both the groups continued the same dietary pattern and medications during the 6-month study period. HRV was taken for all subjects at baseline and after 6 months. In our study, we have focused on the power spectral analysis of HRV which include normalized units of high frequency (nHF), low frequency (nLF), and low frequency-high frequency ratio (LF/HF ratio).

Results: Mean percentage change in nHF, nLF, and LFHF ratio showed significant changes in between-group comparison (p<0.05). Normalized units of HF increased (p=0.049) while LF (p=0.036) and LFHF ratio (p=0.024) decreased significantly within test group after 6 months of IAM practice suggesting the potential of IAM in improving the parasympathetic tone, thereby tuning the mind and body to calm down during stress.

Conclusion: Our study has shown demonstrable improvement in autonomic function which reflects reduced stress after the practice of IAM in diabetic patients.
QUANTITATIVE ANALYSIS OF GYRA AND GYRB KNOWN MUTATIONS IN DRUG-RESISTANT MYCOBACTERIUM TUBERCULOSIS STRAINS TREATED WITH OFLOXACIN
Authors: RAMASAMY PUSHPARAJU , SOUNDERRAJAN VIGNESH , HARSHAVARDHAN SHAKILA
Published: October 2020

Objective: The aim of the study is to measure the minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of ofloxacin antibiotic from gyrA and gyrB mutations present in fluoroquinolones (FQs) resistant strains of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) and to further concentrate the potential association between gene mutations and phenotypic resistance based on their MICs.

Methods: Different levels of ofloxacin MICs levels were detected in 31 archived multi drug-resistant MTB isolates showing gyrA mutations in codon at A90V, S91P, D94A, D94N/Y, D94 G, and D94H and two gyrB probes (N538D and E540V). The MIC determinations were made using the 1% proportion method.

Results: Genotypic assay detected 32 mutations in the gyrA (n=29) and gyrB (n=3) genes among the 31 FQs resistant isolates. Most frequently seen in gyrA mutations at codon D94G (n=16; 50%), these mutations had a clearly elevated MIC level from 2 to 16 μg/ml, that was phenotypically resistant. The A90V mutation region consistently exhibited the lowest levels of ofloxacin resistance, with three out of eight (37.50%) of these isolates had a MIC of <2 μg/ml. In addition, a further strain of S91P mutations for MIC was determined to be less than the critical concentration (CC). These low levels of resistance have been detected in a phenotypic manner which is noticeable in the study. Furthermore, fewer mutations in codons at D94A, D94N/Y were identified. Three wild-type absent isolates from gyrB QRDR were identified and the MIC of those strains for ofloxacin was lower than the critical cutoff value.

Conclusion: Based on the results, it is shown that different resistance mutations were associated with different levels of MICs and the current concentration for MGIT will be lowered from 2 μg/ml to 1 μg/ml for the ofloxacin drug.
PROTECTIVE AND CURATIVE EFFECTS OF FRESH ORANGE JUICE (CITRUS SINENSIS L.) SUPPLEMENTATION AGAINST LIVER INJURIES, HEPATIC LIPID, PROTEIN, AND DNAOXIDATIVE DAMAGE INDUCED CYCLOOXYGENASE-2/PROSTAGLANDIN E2 INFLAMMATORY PATHWAY IN FEMALE IRRADIATED RATS
Authors: M MORSY GEHAN , GABAL ALYAE MS
Published: October 2020

Objective: Our study aimed to examine the protective and curative ability of fresh orange juice (OJ) (Citrus sinensis L.) to counteract the adverse side effects of ionizing radiation (IR) on hepatic tissues of female irradiated rats and that has not been studied in advance.

Methods: Forty-nine adult female Sprague-Dawley albino rats (170±5 g) were divided into four sets of 12 animals, except the healthy control group contained 10 rats only and the irradiated control group contained 15 rats and was divided as follow Group I: Healthy control; Group II: Irradiated control, rats receiving a single dose (20 gray absorbed dose [Gy]) of whole-body γ-rays; Group III: Protective group, rats received (5 ml OJ/kg body weight) once daily for 14 days and after 24 h exposed to irradiation; and Group IV: Curative group, then rats were submitted to irradiation than after 24 h, treated with (5 ml OJ/kg body weight) once every day for 14 successive days.

Results: Our results explored that fresh OJ contains significant amounts of antioxidants as flavonoids and polyphenols and consequently pre- or post-fresh OJ supplementation to female irradiated rats attenuated significantly (p≤0.05) hepatic lipid, protein, and DNA-oxidative damage, hepatic inflammation, and activated inflammatory cyclooxygenase-2/prostaglandin E2 pathway, liver fibrosis, impaired liver functions, and hepatic lipid metabolism when compared with irradiated control rats. Furthermore, fresh OJ improved significantly (p≤0.05) the hepatic antioxidant capacity in protective and curative groups in comparison with the irradiated control group.

Conclusion: The current research illustrated that fresh OJ may improve and normalize the various hepatic biochemical abnormalities resulted from irradiation due to its high content of active constituents of flavonoids and polyphenols. It is advised for people who exposed to IR, especially females, to consume about (5 ml OJ/kg body weight) before exposure as the most significant improvements were recorded in the protective group that supplemented with OJ before irradiation.
SYNTHESIS AND CHARACTERIZATION OF SILVER NANOPARTICLE FROM COUROUPITA GUIANENSIS LEAF EXTRACT AND ITS EFFECT ON CLINICAL PATHOGENS
Authors: JOSEPH DEVAKUMAR , BASKARAN SINDHUJA , NAGARAJAN MADURI , SIVASUBRAMNIAN SUDHA
Published: October 2020

Objective: In this study, a rapid and simple approach was applied for the synthesis of silver nanoparticle (AgNP) from aqueous leaf extract of Couroupita guianensis. The plant extract acts as an antimicrobial agent and is also used to synthesis AgNP.

Methods: Ultraviolet (UV)–visible spectrophotometer was used to characterize synthesized AgNP and to identify the compounds responsible for the reduction of silver ions, the functional groups present in plant extract were investigated by Fourier transform infrared. Agar well diffusion method was used for the antibacterial activity of synthesized AgNPs.

Results: UV–visible spectrophotometer showed an absorbance peak in the range of 405 nm. The AgNPs showed antibacterial activities against Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pyogenes, Bacillus sp, Klebsiella sp, and Pseudomonas sp.

Conclusion: Nowadays, silver-based topical dressing has been widely used as a treatment for infections such as wounds, burns, and chronic ulcer.