bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Cause of Leave Against Medical Advice (LAMA) in Paediatric Wards in Chittagong Medical College Hospital
Authors: Jabed Bin Amin Chowdhury Muhammad , Nahar Kamrun , Choudhury Zabeen , Kanti Das Aparup , Humaida Hasan Syeda , Shah Alam Md , Chowdhury Munmun , Chowdhury Dhiman , Musa Meah Mohammad , Chowdhury Pranab
Published: November 2024

Background: Leaving Against Medical Advice (LAMA) is a common but undesirable clinical situation seen worldwide. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of LAMA in a pediatric setting in Bangladesh and to examine the characteristics of these patients and the reasons for their LAMA. Materials and methods: This descriptive study was carried out between October 2022 and December 2022 and assessed LAMA children from pediatric wards at the Chittagong Medical College Hospital, Chattogram, Bangladesh. Patients’ sociodemographic, disease characteristics, length of stay and reasons for their LAMA were recorded accordingly in a LAMA form. Results: A total of 8,051 children were admitted in the three months period and 227 (3.4%) children got LAMA. Out of 227 LAMA cases, 111 patients (48.9%) were <1 year old, 86 patients (37.9%) were 1–5 years old and 30 patients (13.8%) were >5 years old, and 58.5% were male. The median hospital stay was 26 hours (Range: 2 hours-15 days). Social issues like having other small siblings at home followed by dissatisfaction with care like sharing one bed among multiple patients were the most cited reasons for LAMA (21.1% and 18.9%, respectively). Financial reasons were reported by 17 (7.5%) of the patients. Conclusion: Though low observed prevalence of LAMA suggests good medical practice at the study site, the policy makers and service providers should be more responsive to initiate effective measures to further improve the quality of health care services.
Chatt Maa Shi Hosp Med Coll J; Vol.22 (2); July 2023; Page 64-67
Diagnostic Accuracy of Transthoracic Echocardiography in Detecting the Cardiac Source of Emboli in Ischemic Stroke Patients in a Tertiary Hospital
Authors: Manzurul Kader Chowdhury ANM , Shamchul Alam Mohammad , Waddadar Shemanta , Das Priyatosh , Azam Akramul , Arif Uddin Syed , Tayeb Muhammad , Rafiqul Islam Md , Mahabubul Alam Khandker Md , Dey Asish , Ibrahim Chowdhury Mohammad , Hassanuzzaman Md
Published: November 2024

Background: Transesophageal Echocardiography (TEE) is superior in identifying potential cardiac sources of emboli in stroke workup. But it is more costly and difficult to perform than Transthoracic Echocardiography (TTE). Moreover, facilities for TEE are not evenly distributed in Bangladesh. The study aimed to assess the diagnostic accuracy of TTE in detecting the cardiac source of emboli in admitted ischemic stroke patients in a Neurology ward of a tertiary hospital in Bangladesh. Materials and methods: Ninety-two consecutively admitted patients admitted with a diagnosis of ischemic stroke without any preexisting indication of anticoagulation and known heart disease were enrolled in this study from the Neurology ward of Chittagong Medical College Hospital (CMCH) Chattogram, Bangladesh. All patients were underwent TTE and TEE. Results: Mean age was 48.36±12.64 years with male predominance (Male to Female ratio was 1.88: 1). Eleven cardioembolic sources were detected by TEE (8 Left atrial appendage thrombus, 2 patent foramen ovale and 1 mild mitral stenosis) in 10 patients. Among these TTE could identify only one case (mild mitral stenosis). The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value, and overall accuracy of TTE to detect cardioembolic sources were 10%, 100%, 100%, 90.11% and 90.22% respectively. Conclusion: Diagnostic yield of TTE was very low in detecting the cardiac source of embolism in selected patients with ischaemic stroke.
Chatt Maa Shi Hosp Med Coll J; Vol.22 (2); July 2023; Page 68-71
Research on Factors Influencing Enterprise Resilience from the Perspective of Capability —Configuration Analysis Based on fsQCA
Authors: Ma Huihui
Published: November 2024

The healthy development of the real economy is crucial for achieving high-quality development goals, maintaining economic stability, and enhancing international competitiveness. However, globalization and rapid changes in the market environment have introduced significant uncertainties, posing new challenges to enterprise operations. Consequently, improving enterprise resilience has become an increasingly important concern for managers. The 42 manufacturing companies that were the first to recover their performance from major impact events will become the research sample. The fuzzy-set Qualitative Comparative Analysis (fsQCA) method will be used to analyze the influencing factors of enterprise resilience from the perspective of capability. According to this analysis, there is a strong correlation between enterprise resilience and multiple indicators. Furthermore, combinations of different influencing factors can exhibit high resilience results. The analysis identifies three pathways: “efficient operation and resource buffer type,” “financial stability and leadership-driven type,” and “cash flow-driven type.” which provide a reference path for manufacturing enterprises to enhance their resilience. In addition, the conclusion indicates that innovation capability is not a necessary condition for affecting the resilience of enterprises. Only when z-score and managerial abilities complement each other can the resilience of the enterprise be enhanced.
Democratizing Business Corporations
Authors:   , Stehr Philipp Heinrich
Published: November 2024

Business corporations hold an enormous amount of power towards employees, contractors, customers, and the general public and they do so largely without effective democratic control. Within the workplace democracy debate scholars have argued that this current state is unjustifiable and that corporations must be democratized. But what exactly does that mean? In my thesis, I explore three questions regarding the details of democratization. First, who should be enfranchised in a democratic business corporation? Second, what are plausible pathways towards democratic corporations? And, third, how can we ensure that democratized business corporations last? I discuss these questions in the spirit of methodological realism, paying special attention to considerations of feasibility, ability, and motivation as well as empirical data and examples. I argue that democratization should involve a number of constituencies beyond workers, especially customers and local populations, because an all-affected principle of participation best captures what is distinctive about corporate power. I then offer a number of institutional innovations for the process of democratization. Building on the example of the Berlin expropriation campaign, I argue that expropriation policies can help circumvent the power of those opposed to democratization and provide a helpful path towards democratization. I suggest that a transitional democratic dictatorship modelled after Marx's dictatorship of the proletariat could solve problems of cooperation and sabotage for newly democratized corporations. And, finally, I propose a class-specific corporate tribunate and a right to strike for the democratic corporation to provide institutional counterpower in order to prevent elite capture and the degeneration of democratic corporations.
The effectiveness of a health literacy enhancement program on knowledge, self-management behaviors, and clinical outcomes in people with chronic kidney disease: A quasi-experimental study in Thailand
Authors: Inthaphalan Piyaporn , Lininger Jiraporn , Terathongkum Sangthong
Published: November 2024

Background: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a leading cause of death, with a rising incidence worldwide. Effective disease management requires health literacy (HL) interventions to optimize patients’ self-management. However, difficulties in communication between patients and healthcare providers often impede improvements in HL. While HL interventions should prioritize enhancing communication quality, current evidence supporting this approach remains limited.
Objective: This study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of a Health Literacy Enhancement (HLE) program on CKD knowledge, self-management behaviors, and clinical outcomes in people with CKD.
Methods: A quasi-experimental study using a two-group pretest-posttest design was conducted from December 2022 to March 2023. Fifty-two participants with stage 3 to 4 CKD, recruited from outpatient CKD clinics in two district hospitals in Central Thailand, were divided into two groups. Participants in the experimental group (n = 25) received the HLE Program based on Baker’s HL concept, while the control group (n = 27) received usual care for 12 weeks. Data were collected twice before and after the 12-week program using a demographic form, CKD knowledge, CKD self-management behaviors (SMBs), and clinical outcomes, including blood pressure (BP), hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c), estimated glomerular rate (eGFR), body mass index (BMI), and waist circumference (WC). Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, Chi-square, Paired t-test, and Independent t-test.
Results: Following the HLE Program, the experimental group had a significantly higher score in CKD knowledge (t = 8.79, p <0.001) and self-management behaviors (SMBs) (t = 7.70, p <0.001). They also achieved a better average estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) (t = 3.14, p<0.01) and had lower systolic blood pressure (SBP) (t = -2.54, p <0.05) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) (t = -2.05, p <0.05) compared to the control group and their baseline measures. The effect sizes (Cohen’s d) were substantial, indicating large effects for CKD knowledge (2.44), self-management behaviors (2.14), and eGFR (0.87), while SBP (-0.71) and DBP (-0.55) indicated medium effects. However, no significant differences were observed in HbA1c, BMI, and WC.
Conclusion: The HLE program can enhance effective patient-provider communication using plain language, leading to significant improvements in CKD knowledge and SMBs, as well as clinical outcomes, including eGFR and BP. Nurses should implement this program to enhance HL in people with CKD, leading to effective self-management and helping slow the progression of the disease.
Trial Registry Number: Thai Clinical Trials Registry (TCTR20240920001)
Challenges of health workers in primary health facilities in implementing obstetric emergency referrals to save women from death in Indonesia: A qualitative study
Authors: Rudiyanti Novita , Utomo Budi
Published: November 2024

Background: One of the contributing factors to the high maternal mortality rate is the failure of the referral system, which inhibits the management of obstetric emergencies. Health workers at primary healthcare facilities serve as the gatekeepers of this referral system, and they must be equipped to make referral decisions, prepare referrals, and transport women safely and quickly to the hospital.
Objective: This study aimed to explore the challenges faced by health workers in primary healthcare settings when implementing appropriate and rapid obstetric emergency referrals for women.
Methods: A descriptive qualitative study design was employed, utilizing in-depth interviews with open-ended questions directed at 12 midwives working in health centers and private clinics in urban and rural areas from January to March 2024. The collected data were analyzed manually using content analysis.
Results: Four themes were identified as challenges within the referral system: referral consent, pre-referral care ability, patient transfer to the hospital, and patient admission to the hospital. Factors that worsened the challenges for midwives in implementing obstetric emergency referrals were patients' perceptions of hospital care, the opinions of parents or family members, and levels of self-confidence. Additional factors included experience in emergency care, training, care guidelines, distance and travel time to the hospital, hospital refusals, patient handover mechanisms, and the attitudes of colleagues.
Conclusion: Midwives, as health workers in primary healthcare, are expected to be skilled in addressing various challenges due to their close relationships with women at the forefront of the referral system. Enhancing competence in basic obstetric emergency care, improving communication between health facilities, and encouraging community empowerment are essential. Therefore, effective referrals from these improvements would enable women to receive timely and comprehensive obstetric emergency care. This study provides a foundational framework for developing interventions in health facilities and the community to strengthen the referral system and reduce maternal mortality in Indonesia.
Post-stroke fatigue interventions for stroke survivors: A scoping review
Authors: Dong Yuan , Badrin Salwismawati , Badrin Salziyan , Tang Linxi
Published: November 2024

Background: Fatigue following a stroke, known as post-stroke fatigue (PSF), is a frequent complication experienced by individuals recovering from a stroke, with its incidence steadily increasing over time. The long-term presence of PSF significantly hinders the rehabilitation process and quality of life for these individuals. However, the most effective intervention strategies for PSF remain unclear. Therefore, it is crucial to implement appropriate intervention strategies at an early stage to prevent and manage PSF, thereby mitigating its negative impacts and promoting recovery in stroke survivors.
Objective: This scoping review aimed to explore and chart the interventions available for managing post-stroke fatigue in individuals recovering from stroke, providing healthcare professionals with evidence to guide the development of optimal treatments.
Design: A scoping review.
Data Sources: This review conducted a systematic search across six databases¾PubMed, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, Scopus and CINAHL (via EBSCO), and CNKI, for articles published from 10 January 2012 to early May 2024.
Review Methods: This review followed the PRISMA-ScR reporting guidelines. Studies were selected based on the PCC framework, focusing on specific participants, concepts, and contexts. Exclusion criteria included ongoing studies without results, articles without full text, posters, reviews, and protocols. Tables and narrative descriptions were used to present relevant information on the interventions and their outcomes during the review process.
Results: Twenty-seven studies were included, categorizing interventions for post-stroke fatigue into ten types: pharmacological treatments, physical activity, physical therapy, cognitive behavioral therapy, respiratory training, music therapy, mindfulness-based stress reduction, health education management, Traditional Chinese Medicine, and environmental enrichment.
Conclusion: The interventions for post-stroke fatigue have demonstrated positive effects in alleviating fatigue symptoms among stroke survivors. However, some approaches have limitations, and the most effective treatment strategy remains unclear. The multidisciplinary collaboration between nurses and healthcare professionals plays a critical role in managing post-stroke fatigue by providing patients with education on fatigue prevention and treatment, along with personalized care plans, including one-on-one or group interventions. Future research should focus on increasing sample sizes and conducting multicenter trials to identify the most effective intervention strategies for managing post-stroke fatigue.
Factors affecting quality of life among older adults with hypertension in Wenzhou, China: A cross-sectional study
Authors: Hu Qiongfang , Toonsiri Chanandchidadussadee , Hengudomsub Pornpat
Published: November 2024

Background: In China, the incidence of hypertension rises significantly with age, resulting in a markedly reduced quality of life (QoL) among older patients compared to the general population. Therefore, it is essential for healthcare providers, particularly nurses, to identify the predictive factors that influence QoL in this demographic.
Objective: This study aimed to describe the QoL levels and investigate the predictive power of perceived health status, self-care behavior, and social support on QoL among older patients with hypertension in Wenzhou, China.
Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted with 131 patients with hypertension aged 60 and above, visiting the Cardiovascular Outpatient Department of The Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University. Data were collected using validated instruments between November and December 2022 and analyzed using descriptive statistics and stepwise multiple regression.
Results: The overall QoL was moderate (Mean = 75.52, SD = 5.86). Self-care behavior (β = 0.421, p <0.001), social support (β = 0.416, p <0.001), and perceived health status (β = -0.170, p <0.001) were significant predictors of QoL, collectively explaining 82.7% of the variance.
Conclusions: The findings highlight the importance of self-care behavior, social support, and perceived health status as critical factors influencing QoL among older patients with hypertension. Nurses and other healthcare providers should focus on enhancing these areas through targeted education and support initiatives to improve the overall well-being of this vulnerable population.
Exploring patients’ perspectives on healthcare service quality in outpatient settings at a public hospital in Palembang, Indonesia: A qualitative study
Authors: Noviyani Alvera , Viwattanakulvanid Pramon
Published: November 2024

Background: In recent decades, the service sector has become a crucial driver of economic growth globally. However, research highlights the need for implementing a patient-centered design in hospital services and notes the limited literature on patient perceptions of healthcare service quality in Indonesia.
Objective: This study aimed to explore patients' perceptions of healthcare service quality in outpatient settings at a public hospital in Palembang, Indonesia.
Methods: The study employed a qualitative descriptive design, conducting face-to-face, in-depth interviews with 50 outpatients (ages ranging from 34 to 56 years) between October and November 2023. Purposive sampling was used to recruit participants, and thematic analysis was utilized for data analysis.
Results: The following themes emerged regarding patient perspectives on healthcare service quality: patients’ perceived service quality, perceived value, satisfaction, and revisit intention. Factors influencing patient perceptions included the appearance of hospital staff, the quality of facilities and equipment, staff responsiveness, knowledge, courtesy, and empathy. Additionally, word-of-mouth significantly impacted patients’ perceived value of care. Emotional factors, complaints, and trust were found to be crucial in shaping patient satisfaction, while the patient-provider relationship played a significant role in influencing revisit intention.Conclusion: The research emphasizes the critical role of building strong patient-provider relationships to enhance overall service quality. It highlights the need for healthcare providers and nurses to focus on improving patient engagement and understanding how perceived service quality affects patient loyalty. Strengthening these areas is essential for advancing comfort, safety, and the overall quality of healthcare services.
Türkçe Rap Müzikte Kadın Bedeninin Baştan Çıkarılması ve Metalaştırılması Politikalarının Kritiği: Norm Ender Örneği
Authors: Budak Hatice , Yıldırım Belkıs Şeyma
Published: November 2024

Modern kapitalist sistem, özgürlük, güzellik, gençlik mitleri ile kadın bedenini ve benliğini disipline ederken çoğu kez kadını çıplaklık ve cinsellik içine hapsetmektedir. Kadın bedeninin bir zevk aracına indirgenmesi, bir anlamda kadının varlık değerinin yok sayılmasıdır. Çalışmanın temel amacı; kadını, bedeni üzerinden pasif nesne konumuna yerleştiren metalaşma dinamiklerinin Türkçe rap müzik sanatçısı Norm Ender’in şarkılarındaki yansımalarını tespit edebilmektir. Nitel araştırma yönteminin kullanıldığı çalışmada veriler, doküman incelemesi tekniği ile toplanmıştır. Çalışma örneklemi için Norm Ender’in kadın, beden ve benlik temalı şarkılarından seçilen 10 şarkı sözünden ulaşılan veriler içerik analizi ile çözümlenmiştir. Çalışmanın “bedenin cinselliğe indirgenmesi” temasında elde edilen bulgulara göre, şarkı sözlerinde cinsellik ile eşleştirilen ve çıplaklaştırılarak teşhire açılan kadın bedeninin baştan çıkarma oyununun nesnesi hâline gelmesinin, imgesel cinselliğin kadını ikame edilebilir dişil bir arzuya indirgemesinin ve abartılmış cinselliğin hem bedenin hem de cinselliğin anlamını tüketmesinin eleştirildiği sonucuna ulaşılmıştır. “Bedenin benlik sunumunda kullanım değeri” temasında ise uzlaştırılmış bedenlerden tek tip benlikler inşa etmeye çalışan kadınların varlıklarını ispatlamak için estetik cerrahi, kozmetik vb. uygulamalara yönelmeyi içeren sürekli bir mücadele içinde oldukları, beden-benlik bütünlüğünün parçalanması nedeniyle bir simülasyona dönüştükleri, bireysel yetenekleri ile var olmayı ihmal ettikleri ve bu ihmalin bedelini erkeğin bakma hazzını tatmin eden bir kendini değersizleştirme ve özsaygılarına ihanet ile ödedikleri şeklinde tartışıldığı sonucuna ulaşılmıştır.
Economic Boycott from the Islamic Law Perspective: A Post-Tūfān al-ʾAqṣā Case Study
Authors: Hank Naim
Published: November 2024

An economic boycott is a process that states, agencies, and ‎individuals use to cut off trade relations with another party, aiming to apply economic pressure. This research aims to define the concept of economic boycott from an Islamic perspective and its rulings. The study concentrates on the economic boycott that followed the Tūfān al-ʾAqṣā in Gaza and the subsequent increase in calls for the boycott of international corporations. A selection of prominent brands was examined to assess the financial impact of the boycott on the selected companies and to evaluate whether the objectives of Sharī‘ah were met while practicing boycotts. The inductive approach was employed to trace the opinions of jurists regarding the economic boycott as well as the commercial activities of the companies involved following the Tūfān al-ʾAqṣā. Additionally, the analytical approach was utilized to analyze this data and connect it to the concept of public interest within Islamic law. This research was based on economic statistics shared on the boycotted companies' websites. The data in question claims that the companies did not face a significant financial loss due to the boycott after the Tūfān al-ʾAqṣā. However, a control mechanism to verify this data could not be determined. While it can be said that the companies did not face a serious financial loss, more ‎sensitivity should be shown to calls for the boycott of such companies that potentially harm Muslims or support enemies ‎who commit genocide in places like Gaza. Since current boycott practices are insufficient to achieve the purposes aimed to be realized with the provisions regarding boycott in the Islamic Law system reached in the research. In addition, there are sufficient alternative products to meet consumer needs. This shows that ‎boycott calls cannot be neglected with unrealistic excuses.
Kebiasaan Minum Tablet Tambah Darah dan Kejadian Anemia pada Remaja Putri
Authors: Karwati Karwati , Yanti Damai , Maryati Sri
Published: November 2024

The results of a study in Leuwigajah, Cimahi City on the habit of taking iron tablets among female high school students showed that they sometimes only took a small portion of the iron tablets because of nausea and decreased appetite. Therefore, a study was needed that aims to analyze the correlation between the habit of taking iron tablets and the incidence of anemia, in preparation for becoming a mother. This study applied a cross-sectional design involving 202 female high school students in grade 12 in Leuwigajah, South Cimahi. Cimahi City, selected using the stratified random sampling technique. The habit of taking iron tablets was measured by filling out a questionnaire, while the incidence of anemia was measured by taking capillary blood. Furthermore, a correlation analysis was carried out between the two variables using the Chi-square test. The results of the analysis showed a p value of 0.064, so it could be interpreted that there is no significant correlation between the habit of taking iron tablets and the incidence of anemia. It was concluded that the habit of taking iron tablets is not a significant determinant of the incidence of anemia in female adolescents in Leuwigajah, South Cimahi. Cimahi City.

Keywords: female adolescents; anemia; iron tablets

 

ABSTRAK

 

Hasil studi di Leuwigajah, Kota Cimahi tentang kebiasaan meminum tablet tambah darah para siswi SMA menunjukkan bahwa mereka kadang-kadang hanya meminum sebagian kecil tablet tambah darah karena timbulnya rasa mual dan berdampak pada penurunan nafsu makan. Oleh karena itu diperlukan penelitian yang bertujuan untuk menganalisis korelasi antara kebiasaan minum tablet tambah darah dengan kejadian anemia, dalam rangka persiapan menjadi ibu. Penelitian ini menerapkan rancangan cross-sectional yang melibatkan 202 siswi SMA kelas 12 di Leuwigajah, Cimahi Selatan. Kota Cimahi, yang dipilih dengan teknik stratified random sampling. Kebiasaan minum tablet tambah darah diukur melalui pengisian kuesioner, sedangkan kejadian anemia diukur dengan pengambilan darah kapiler. Selanjutnya dilakukan analisis korelasi antara kedua variabel menggunakan uji Chi-square. Hasil analisis menunjukkan nilai p yaitu 0,064, sehingga bisa diinterpretasikan bahwa tidak ada korelasi secara signifikan antara kebiasaan minum tablet tambah darah dengan kejadian anemia. Disimpulkan bahwa kebiasaan minum tablet tambah darah bukan merupakan determinan yang signifikan dari kejadian anemia pada remaja putri di Leuwigajah, Cimahi Selatan. Kota Cimahi.

Kata kunci: remaja putri; anemia; tablet tambah darah

 
Terapi Bermain Puzzle untuk Meningkatkan Fungsi Kognitif Lansia
Authors: Wahyuningsih Tri , Aryanti Dita
Published: November 2024

The increase in life expectancy is accompanied by an increase in the number of elderly people. Decreased cognitive function is a problem faced by the elderly. Efforts that can be made to maintain cognitive function are through increasing activities that stimulate the brain. Puzzle therapy is one of the non-pharmacological therapies to stimulate cognitive function and slow the onset of dementia. This study aimed to determine the benefits of applying puzzle play therapy to the cognitive level of the elderly. This study was a case report on an elderly person who was given puzzle therapy, then cognitive function measurements were carried out using a cognitive function level measurement instrument (MMSE). Measurements were taken in the phases before and after the provision of puzzle play therapy. Then a descriptive comparative analysis was carried out and presented textularly. The results of the analysis showed that there was a change in the MMSE score in the elderly from 21 to 27. Furthermore, it was concluded that descriptively, puzzle play therapy can improve the cognitive function of the elderly. It is hoped that puzzle therapy can provide information to the wider community to overcome the problem of independence of the elderly who experience decreased cognitive function.

Keywords: elderly; cognitive function; puzzle play therapy

 
ABSTRAK
 

Peningkatan usia harapan hidup dibarengi dengan peningkatan jumlah penduduk lanjut usia. Penurunan fungsi kognitif merupakan masalah yang dihadapi lansia. Upaya yang dapat dilakukan untuk mempertahankan fungsi kognitif adalah melalui peningkatan aktivitas yang menstimulasi otak. Terapi puzzle  merupakan salah satu terapi non farmakologi untuk merangsang fungsi kognitif dan memperlambat terjadinya onset demensia. Studi ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui manfaat penerapan terapi bermain puzzle terhadap tingkat kognitif lansia. Studi ini merupakan laporan kasus pada seorang lansia yang diberikan terapi puzzle, lalu dilakukan pengukuran fungsi kognitif menggunakan instrumen pengukuran tingkat fungsi kognitif (MMSE). Pengukuran dilakukan pada fase sebelum dan sesudah pemberian terapi bermain puzzle. Lalu dilakukan analisis perbandingan secara deskriptif dan disajikan secara tektular. Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa terjadi perubahan skor MMSE pada lansia dari 21 menjadi 27. Selanjutnya disimpulkan bahwa secara deskriptif, terapi bermain puzzle dapat meningkatkan fungsi kognitif lansia. Diharapkan terapi puzzle dapat informasi kepada masyarakat luas untuk mengatasi masalah kemandirian lansia yang mengalami penurunan fungsi kognitif.

Kata kunci: lansia; fungsi kognitif; terapi bermain puzzle 
Pengetahuan, Sikap dan Tindakan Petugas Kesehatan Sebagai Determinan Upaya Pengelolaan Limbah Padat Medis Rumah Sakit
Authors: Talakua Febry
Published: November 2024

The amount of medical waste from health facilities is increasing, and health care facilities that have implemented medical waste management according to the new standards are 2,431 out of 12,831 health care facilities. The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between knowledge, attitudes and actions of health workers with efforts to manage solid medical waste in hospitals. This study was conducted at the Raja Ampat District Hospital, with a cross-sectional design. The sample size in this study was 163 respondents selected using a simple random sampling technique. All research variables were measured using a questionnaire. The collected data were analyzed using the Chi-square test for the knowledge and attitude factors, and Fisher's exact test for the action factor. The results showed that the p value for was 0.000 for the knowledge factor, 0.049 for the attitude factor and 0.000 for the action factor. Thus, it could be interpreted that the three factors were correlated with efforts to manage solid medical waste in hospitals. Furthermore, it was concluded that knowledge, attitudes and actions are determinants of efforts to manage solid medical waste at the Raja Ampat District Hospital.

Keywords: solid medical waste; management; knowledge; attitude; action

 

ABSTRAK

 

Jumlah limbah medis yang berasal dari fasilitas kesehatan semakin lama semakin bertambah, dan fasilitas pelayanan kesehatan yang telah melaksanakan pengelolaan limbah medis sesuai standar baru 2.431 dari 12.831 fasilitas pelayanan kesehatan. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui hubungan antara pengetahuan, sikap dan tindakan petugas kesehatan dengan upaya pengelolaan limbah padat medis di rumah sakit. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan di RSUD Kabupaten Raja Ampat, dengan rancangan cross-sectional. Ukuran sampel dalam studi ini adalah 163 responden yang dipilih dengan teknik simple random sampling. Seluruh variabel penelitian ini diukur menggunakan kuesioner. Data yang telah terkumpul dianalisis menggunakan uji Chi-square untuk faktor pengetahuan dan sikap, dan Fisher’s exact test untuk faktor tindakan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa nilai p untuk adalah 0,000 untuk faktor pengetahuan, 0,049 untuk faktor sikap dan 0,000 untuk faktor tindakan. Dengan demikian, bisa ditafsirkan bahwa ketiga faktor tersebut berkorelasi dengan upaya pengelolaan limbah padat medis di rumah sakit. Selanjutnya disimpulkan bahwa pengetahuan, sikap dan tindakan merupakan determinan dari upaya pengelolaan limbah padat medis di RSUD Kabupaten Raja Ampat.
Kata kunci: limbah padat medis; pengelolaan; pengetahuan; sikap; tindakan
Education and its effect on monetary poverty of households in Peru
Authors: Quispe Mamani Julio Cesar , Cáceres Quenta Rolando , Guevara Mamani Marcial
Published: November 2024

Introduction

The objective of this research was to determine the effect of education on poverty in Peruvian households, in the period 2022.

Methods

For which the quantitative approach was considered, of a non-experimental research type, with a descriptive correlational design, considering the information collected in the National Household Survey (ENAHO); the logit-binomial logistic regression model was used to measure the effect of the variables expenditure on education, monthly economic income, years of schooling, the mother tongue of the head of the household, age of the head of the household, marital status of the head of the household, gender of the head of the household, and area of residence, on the probability of being poor, according to the poverty line established by the INEI.

Results and discussion

According to the results obtained, expenditure on education, monthly economic income, years of schooling, and area of residence explain the probability of being poor in a negative way, while the mother tongue of the head of the household, the age of the head of the household, the marital status of the head of the household, and the gender of the head of the household explain the probability of being poor in a positive way. Therefore, it was determined that there is a significant effect of education on whether households in Peru are considered poor or not.
Mesoscale dynamics and its interaction with coastal upwelling in the northern Gulf of Guinea
Authors: Thiam Abdoul Karim , Alory Gael , Dadou Isabelle , Napolitano Dante , Aguedjou Habib Micaël A. , Cardot Camille , Morvan Guillaume , Morel Yves , Jouanno Julien
Published: November 2024

Mesoscale dynamics is essential to understanding the physical and biological processes of the coastal ocean regions due to its ability to modulate water properties. However, on the shelf, interactions between eddies, coastal currents, and topography involve complex processes whose observation, understanding, and accurate simulation still pose a major challenge. The purpose of our work is to quantify the mesoscale eddies in the northern Gulf of Guinea, off West Africa (10°W–10°E, 2°N–7°N), and their dynamical interaction with the near-surface ocean particularly in the coastal upwelling that occurs in summer between 2°W and 2°E. We used a regional NEMO model simulation at 1/36° resolution over the 2007–2017 period with daily outputs. A total of 38 cyclonic and 35 anticyclonic eddy trajectories were detected over the 2007–2017 period in July–August–September (JAS), with a mean radius along their trajectories of 95 km and 125 km, respectively. The mean lifetime for cyclones and anticyclones is approximately 1 month with an associated sea-level amplitude between 1 and 2 cm. We then focused on the JAS upwelling period of the year 2016 and found a 73 km radius cyclonic eddy east of Cape Three Points (Ghana) with a lifetime of 1 month which interacted with the coastal upwelling. Indeed, the quasi-stationary eddy dwelled within the coastal upwelling region from mid-July to mid-August 2016. A Lagrangian study shows that the eddy waters come from the coastal upwelling, then mix with warmer offshore waters, and later are transported eastward by the Guinea Current. Using a heat budget analysis, we show that this eddy–coastal upwelling interaction has an impact on sea surface temperature (SST) with a double effect: i) the eddy expands offshore the cold and salty waters (23°C and 35.6) of the coastal upwelling from 14 to 26 July; and ii) from 27 July until its dissipation, the eddy weakens this upwelling by an easterly inflow of warm offshore waters. This study highlights how the eddy–upwelling interaction can modulate the coastal upwelling in the northern Gulf of Guinea.
The ability of teleost fishes to recognize individual faces suggests an early evolutionary origin in vertebrates
Authors: Kohda Masanori , Sogawa Shumpei , Sowersby Will
Published: November 2024

The face is the most important area on the human body for visually differentiating between individuals. When encountering another person, humans initially gaze at and perceive the face holistically, utilizing first-order relational information and specific neural systems. Information such as identity and emotional state are then obtained from the face by distinguishing between small inter-individual differences, i.e., second-order relational information. Similar patterns and mechanisms underlying individual face recognition have been documented in primates, other social mammals, birds, and more recently in some fishes. Like humans, fish are capable of rapidly (<0.5 s) and accurately recognizing multiple familiar conspecifics by individual-specific variation in the face. Fish can also recognize faces from various distances and angles, providing evidence for mental representation of faces in this large and diverse vertebrate group. One species, the cleaner fish, has even demonstrated mirror self-recognition (MSR) via self-face recognition, strengthening the claim that non-human animals are capable of having mental images and concepts of faces. Here, we review the evidence for individual face recognition in fishes and speculate that face identification neural networks are both similar and widespread across vertebrates. Furthermore, we hypothesize that first-and second-order face recognition in vertebrates originated in bony fishes in the Paleozoic era ~450 Mya, when social systems first evolved, increasing the importance of individual recognition.
The evaluation of depressive, anxiety symptoms and sleep disturbance in college students post- pandemic era across UAE: a multicentric survey
Authors: Firoz Fathima , Jaber Ammar Ali Saleh
Published: November 2024

The COVID-19 epidemic has had a significant worldwide impact, requiring measures such as quarantine, social isolation, and the closing down of educational institutions, increasing concerns about student safety. This study evaluated the mental health and sleep status of 201 college students in the UAE after the epidemic. The sample consisted primarily of females (72.1%) and students aged 21-23 years (42.3%), with the majority residing in Dubai (62.7%). The findings revealed unsettling levels of insomnia risk and significant gender variations in emotional states, with females displaying higher degrees of distress. These findings underscore the negative consequences of the pandemic on student well-being and the importance of having access to mental health care, as well as calling for specialized treatments to address the individual needs of various student groups.
A novel validation of satellite soil moisture using SM2RAIN-derived rainfall estimates
Authors: Do Son K. , Tran Thanh-Nhan-Duc , Le Manh-Hung , Bolten John , Lakshmi Venkataraman
Published: November 2024

Despite the importance of soil moisture (SM) in various applications and the need to validate satellite SM products, the current in situ SM network is still inadequate, even for developed country such as the United States. Recently, SM2RAIN (Soil Moisture to Rain) algorithm has prominently emerged as a bottom-up approach to derive rainfall data from SM. In this study, we evaluated whether SM2RAIN algorithm and rain gauges, which are more abundant and readily available than in situ SM, can be used to validate satellite-based SMAP SM estimates. Since errors in SMAP SM propagate to SMAP-derived rainfall, the skills of SM2RAIN might be able to provide insights on the accuracy of SMAP SM observations. While the correlation between SM2RAIN skills and SMAP SM skills was found to be statistically significant, the strength of the correlation varied among different climate zones and annual rainfall classes. Specifically, weaker correlations were observed in arid and lower rainfall regions (median R value of 0.12), while stronger correlations were found in temperate and higher rainfall regions (median R value of 0.54). In term of over/under-estimation tendencies, 56% of the stations had the same tendencies (SM2RAIN skills and satellite SM skills both have positive or negative PBIAS value).
Verbal Cognitive Abilities and Emotional and Behavioral Problems of Secondary School Children
Authors: Rehna Tasnim , Hanif Rubina
Published: November 2024

The present study was aimed at examining the role of verbal cognitive abilities in predicting emotional and behavioral problems among secondary school children. Sajjad Urdu Verbal Intelligence Test (Hussain, 2001) and School Children Problems Scale (Saleem & Mehmood, 2011) were administered on a sample of 300 (151 girls & 149 boys) secondary school children; aged 11-16 years (M =14.83, SD = 1.16) taken from model schools of Islamabad. Finding revealed that low level of verbal cognitive abilities showed greater levels of emotional and behavioral problems; particularly anxiousness, academic problems, and aggression were significantly higher among the students. All four types of verbal abilities (i.e., Word-Meaning, Verbal-Reasoning, Numerical-Abilities, and General-Knowledge) jointly accounted for up to 59% of variance in predicting emotional and behavioral problems. Gender differences were also significant indicating that girls demonstrated significantly greater degree of emotional problems (p<.001) than those of boys whereas boys elicited higher level of aggressive tendencies (p<.001) and all four types of verbal cognitive abilities (p<.001, .01) as compared to girls. No significant gender differences emerged on academic problems. Results have been discussed in the light of literature and cultural contexts.
Environmental and Host Characteristics Shape the Gut Microbiota of the Sand Field Cricket, Gryllus firmus
Authors: Patel Divya , Kelly Clint D. , Lazar Cassandre Sara
Published: November 2024

The gut microbiota plays an essential role in its host’s nutrition, development and behavior. Although crickets are becoming major ecosystemic model systems and have important societal applications, such as alternative animal proteins or biocatalysts, little is known about their gut microbiome acquisition and how environmental factors shape this community. Therefore, in this study, we exposed sand field crickets to soils with different characteristics and microbial communities to test the influence of these on gut microbial community composition. We used 16S/18S rRNA gene Illumina sequencing to analyze different soil and gut communities, targeting the three domains of life, Archaea, Bacteria, and Eukaryotes. Our results showed a dominance of Mucoromycota fungi and Bacteroidota in the gut microbiota. We were unable to retrieve sufficient read numbers for the Archaea. Most of the microbial taxa that were identified can degrade soil-derived complex organic matter, likely helping the host digest its food. The soil characteristics had a significant impact on the gut microbial community structure, supporting our assumption that the environment plays an essential role in gut microbiota acquisition. Host sex also had an impact on the gut community, possibly because the female guts were bigger in mass, leading to differences in oxygen concentrations.
Vascular Cognitive Impairment—The Molecular Basis and Potential Influence of the Gut Microbiota on the Pathological Process
Authors: Olejnik Piotr , Golenia Aleksandra
Published: November 2024

Cognitive impairment is a major healthcare challenge worldwide, with vascular cognitive impairment (VCI) being its second leading cause after Alzheimer’s disease. VCI is a heterogeneous group of cognitive disorders resulting from various vascular pathologies. Therefore, it is particularly difficult to determine its underlying cause and exact molecular basis. Nevertheless, the current understanding of the pathophysiological processes underlying VCI has changed and evolved in the last decades. The aim of this narrative review is to summarize the current state of knowledge on VCI pathogenesis and to analyze the potential role of the gut microbiota in this process, considering the most recent scientific reports and in accordance with the current understanding of these processes. Chronic cerebral hypoperfusion, which results in impaired blood supply, i.e., oxygen and nutrient deficiency, is the main underlying mechanism of VCI. Furthermore, chronic cerebral hypoperfusion triggers a cascade of molecular changes, starting with an energy imbalance, leading to glutamate excitotoxicity, acidotoxicity, and oxidative stress. Also, all of the above provoke the activation of microglia and the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines that recruit systemic immune cells and lead to their infiltration into the central nervous system, resulting in neuroinflammation. Blood–brain barrier dysfunction may occur at various stages of chronic cerebral hypoperfusion, ultimately increasing its permeability and allowing potentially toxic substances to enter the brain parenchyma. Gut microbiota and their metabolites, which have been identified in numerous inflammatory conditions, may also influence the pathophysiological processes of VCI.
Additional Costs of Public Works Contracts in Portugal—Descriptive Statistical Analysis in Light of the Quality of Information
Authors: Almeida Ygor , Calejo Rui
Published: November 2024

The aim of this work is to analyse the quality and transparency of data on the additional costs of public works. The problem identified is the lack of detailed and accessible information that allows for an adequate analysis of the performance and final state of public works, especially in relation to prices and deadlines. This is a case study carried out in Portugal, in which information from public works contracts with a closing date in 2022 was analysed. The data were extracted from the public access portal, responsible for making available and publishing information on the execution of public works contracts. The information was subjected to a statistical treatment process seeking to identify answers to transparency issues. The originality of this study lies in the quantitative and statistical approach applied to the evaluation of the transparency of the data made available on the portal, contributing to the debate on improving public management. The results indicate the need to expand the content available on the portal since the information provided does not allow for an analysis of the final state and performance of the works carried out, especially those relating to price and deadline, which in turn limits the construction of forecasting models and performance indicators. Corrective measures are proposed that include information that allows for answering questions about transparency and that allows for the construction and analysis of statistics and indicators, contributing to identifying the need for improvements in legislation, and the adoption of mechanisms that can improve, correct and or reinforce actions with an impact on the management of public resources.
Industrial Buildings—Dialogue Between Architecture and Structure
Authors: Ilkovičová Ľubica , Ilkovič Ján
Published: November 2024

Industrial architecture is the result of the integration of complex planning and construction, with the goal of attaining an optimal arrangement of building processes toward the creation of a quality working environment. The subject of research focuses on the architecture of light-industry buildings and product warehouses and includes sustainable smart concepts and laboratories for modern industry with high-quality production and working environments. All of this is expressed in the creation of architecture as a result of the meaningful dialogue among the components of architectural design. The goal of this research is to determine the main categories of the interaction of industrial architecture and construction and, at the same time, to provide an answer to the main research question of what the application determinates are in a given relationship: environment—architectural expression—construction. The quantitative and qualitative methods of research are focused on the choice, definition, and correlation (dialogue) of the elements of architecture and construction, in dependence on the character of the industrial activity. The research outputs, in the form of diagrams and illustrative graphic displays, make a contribution toward the visual interpretation of the architecture/construction relationship and the methodological basis for the creative process of designing industrial architecture within the context of contemporary trends. Their use in engineering and architecture education is of undoubted significance.