bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Beneficial metabolic effects of recurrent periods of beta‐cell rest and stimulation using stable neuropeptide Y1 and glucagon‐like peptide‐1 receptor agonists
Authors: Tanday Neil , Lafferty Ryan A. , Flatt Peter R. , Irwin Nigel
Published: July 2022

Aim

To examine whether sequential administration of (d‐Arg35)‐sea lamprey peptide tyrosine tyrosine (1–36) (SL‐PYY) and the glucagon‐like peptide‐1 (GLP‐1) mimetic, liraglutide, has beneficial effects in diabetes.

Methods

SL‐PYY is an enzymatically stable neuropeptide Y1 receptor (NPY1R) agonist known to induce pancreatic beta‐cell rest and improve overall beta‐cell health. We employed SL‐PYY and liraglutide to induce appropriate recurrent periods of beta‐cell rest and stimulation, to assess therapeutic benefits in high fat fed (HFF) mice with streptozotocin (STZ)‐induced insulin deficiency, namely HFF‐STZ mice.

Results

Previous studies confirm that, at a dose of 0.25 nmol/kg, liraglutide exerts bioactivity over an 8‐12 hour period in mice. Initial pharmacokinetic analysis revealed that 75 nmol/kg SL‐PYY yielded a similar plasma drug time profile. When SL‐PYY (75 nmol/kg) and liraglutide (0.25 nmol/kg) were administered sequentially at 08:00 AM and 08:00 PM, respectively, to HFF‐STZ mice for 28 days, reductions in energy intake, body weight, circulating glucose, insulin and glucagon were noted. Similarly positive, but slightly less striking, effects were also apparent with twice‐daily liraglutide‐only therapy. The sequential SL‐PYY and liraglutide treatment also improved insulin sensitivity and glucose‐induced insulin secretory responses, which was not apparent with liraglutide treatment, although benefits on glucose tolerance were mild. Interestingly, combined therapy also elevated pancreatic insulin, decreased pancreatic glucagon and enhanced the plasma insulin/glucagon ratio compared with liraglutide alone. This was not associated with an enhancement of beneficial changes in islet cell areas, proliferation or apoptosis compared with liraglutide alone, but the numbers of centrally stained glucagon‐positive islet cells were reduced by sequential combination therapy.

Conclusion

These data show that NPY1R‐induced intervals of beta‐cell rest, combined with GLP‐1R–stimulated periods of beta‐cell stimulation, should be further evaluated as an effective treatment option for obesity‐driven forms of diabetes.
Validation of the new paediatric pulmonary hypertension risk score by CMR and speckle tracking echocardiography
Authors: Hasan Hosan , Chouvarine Philippe , Diekmann Franziska , Diedrich Nikita , Koestenberger Martin , Hansmann Georg
Published: July 2022

Objectives

In 2019, the European Paediatric Pulmonary Vascular Disease Network (EPPVDN) developed a PH risk score to assess the risk and severity of pulmonary hypertension (PH) in children and young adults. We conducted a prospective observational study to validate the EPPVDN paediatric PH risk score by means of cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (CMR) and echocardiography.

Methods

During the same inpatient stay, the invasive and noninvasive EPPVDN PH risk scores were determined, and a protocol‐driven CMR study was performed on 20 PAH children. Subsequently, we correlated the risk scores with imaging variables derived from CMR and echocardiography, including strain. Further, we applied the risk score to nine children with PAH who received add‐on selexipag therapy. Before and approximately six months after selexipag start, the risk score and echocardiographic RV strain were determined and delta changes of both were correlated.

Results

We found strong correlations of conventional CMR (r = 0.69–0.88), CMR strain (r = 0.71–0.88), advanced echocardiographic (r = 0.65–0.88) and echocardiographic strain variables (r = 0.67–0.86) with the EPPVDN PH risk scores (p < .006). In the selexipag cohort, the change in echo‐derived RV free wall strain correlated well with the change in the invasive higher risk score (r = 0.72, p = .028).

Conclusions

We demonstrate strong correlations of outcome‐relevant CMR and echocardiographic variables with the EPPVDN PH risk scores, and thus validated the score via independent methods. To achieve broad and easy access, we developed a calculator for the risk score as a web application (www.pvdnetwork.org/pedphriskscore). The novel EPPVDN PH risk score will be useful in routine clinical care and can now be applied in larger paediatric PH studies.
Breaking constraints: The development and evolution of extreme fin morphology in the Bramidae
Authors: Gilbert Michelle C. , Lerose Catherine S. , Conith Andrew J. , Albertson R. Craig
Published: July 2022

The developmental process establishes the foundation upon which natural selection may act. In that same sense, it is inundated with numerous constraints that work to limit the directions in which a phenotype may respond to selective pressures. Extreme phenotypes have been used in the past to identify tradeoffs and constraints and may aid in recognizing how alterations to the Baupläne can influence the trajectories of lineages. The Bramidae, a family of Scombriformes consisting of 20 extant species, are unique in that five species greatly deviate from the stout, ovaloid bodies that typify the bramids. The Ptericlinae, or fanfishes, are instead characterized by relatively elongated body plans and extreme modifications to their medial fins. Here, we explore the development of Bramidae morphologies and examine them through a phylogenetic lens to investigate the concepts of developmental and evolutionary constraints. Contrary to our predictions that the fanfishes had been constrained by inherited properties of an ancestral state, we find that the fanfishes exhibit both increased rates of trait evolution and differ substantially from the other bramids in their developmental trajectories. Conversely, the remaining bramid genera differ little, both among one another and in comparison, to the sister family Caristiidae. In all, our data suggest that the fanfishes have broken constraints, thereby allowing them to mitigate trade‐offs on distinctive aspects of morphology.
Involvement of GABAA receptors containing α6 subtypes in antisecretory factor activity on rat cerebellar granule cells studied by two‐photon uncaging
Authors: Bazzurro Virginia , Gatta Elena , Angeli Elena , Cupello Aroldo , Lange Stefan , Jennische Eva , Robello Mauro , Diaspro Alberto
Published: July 2022

The antisecretory factor (AF) is an endogenous protein that counteracts intestinal hypersecretion and various inflammation conditions in vivo. It has been detected in many mammalian tissues and plasma, but its mechanisms of action are largely unknown. To study the pharmacological action of the AF on different GABAA receptor populations in cerebellar granule cells, we took advantage of the two‐photon uncaging method as this technique allows to stimulate the cell locally in well‐identified plasma membrane parts. We compared the electrophysiological response evoked by releasing a caged GABA compound on the soma, the axon initial segment and neurites before and after administering AF‐16, a 16 amino acids long peptide obtained from the amino‐terminal end of the AF protein. After the treatment with AF‐16, we observed peak current increases of varying magnitude depending on the neuronal region. Thus, studying the effects of furosemide and AF‐16 on the electrophysiological behaviour of cerebellar granules, we suggest that GABAA receptors, containing the α6 subunit, may be specifically involved in the increase of the peak current by AF, and different receptor subtype distribution may be responsible for differences in this increase on the cell.
M‐Risk: A framework for assessing global fisheries management efficacy of sharks, rays and chimaeras
Authors: Sherman C. Samantha , Sant Glenn , Simpfendorfer Colin A. , Digel Eric D. , Zubick Patrick , Johnson Grant , Usher Michael , Dulvy Nicholas K.
Published: July 2022

Fisheries management is essential to guarantee sustainable capture of target species and avoid undesirable declines of incidentally captured species. A key challenge is halting and reversing declines of shark and ray species, and specifically assessing the degree to which management is sufficient to avoid declines in relatively data‐poor fisheries. While ecological risk analyses focus on intrinsic ‘productivity’ and extrinsic ‘susceptibility’, one would ideally consider the influence of ‘fisheries management’. Currently, there is no single management evaluation that can be applied to a combination of fishery types at the scale of individual country or Regional Fisheries Management Organizations (RFMOs). Here, we outline a management‐risk (M‐Risk) framework for sharks, rays and chimaeras used to evaluate species' risk of overfishing resulting from ineffective management. We illustrate our approach with application to one country (Ecuador) and RFMO (Inter‐American Tropical Tuna Commission) and illustrate the variation in scores among species. We found that while both management units assessed had similar overall scores, the scores for individual attributes varied. Ecuador scored higher in reporting‐related attributes, while the IATTC scored higher in attributes related to data collection and use. We evaluated whether the management of individual species was sufficient for their relative sensitivity by combining the management‐risk score for each species with their intrinsic sensitivity to determine a final M‐Risk score. This framework can be applied to determine which species face the greatest risk of overfishing and be used by fisheries managers to identify effective management policies by replicating regulations from countries with lower risk scores.
Family reunification after fathers are released from prison: Perspectives on children's adjustment
Authors: Muentner Luke , Charles Pajarita
Published: July 2022

Objective

This qualitative study examined adult perspectives on the adjustments children face through the process of paternal incarceration and eventual release.

Background

While the United States leads the world in incarceration, 95% of imprisoned individuals return to community life. Despite poor outcomes for children with incarcerated fathers, less is known as to how they fair after fathers' release. Conceptualizing paternal incarceration and reentry as linked rather than disparate events, this study examines perspectives on family separation, reunification, and children's adjustment when fathers return from prison.

Method

The sample consisted of 38 participants (19 previously incarcerated fathers, nine coparenting mothers, and 10 relatives) who shared perspectives on 63 children's adjustments. The semistructured interviews were analyzed via thematic analysis.

Results

Two main themes were evident: (a) Paternal incarceration has a lasting toll on children that complicates reunification processes, introduces hurdles to maintaining togetherness, and is tied to changes in children's behaviors; and (b) reentry renews opportunity for father involvement that bolsters resilience despite ongoing systemic vulnerabilities.

Conclusion

Postrelease family reunification may present challenges for children's adjustment, though supported transitions may curb some concerns. The findings call for strengths‐oriented, needs‐focused, and evidence‐based reentry strategies that support entire family systems.
Collaborative and individual vocabulary learning in the Arabic classroom: The role of engagement and task demands
Authors: Rabie‐Ahmed Amr , Mohamed Ayman
Published: July 2022

The Challenge

How can collaborative learning be approached from a processing perspective? Can vocabulary involvement frameworks predict learning gains from collaborative tasks as compared to individual tasks? Are these frameworks relevant to the language classroom settings? This study explores incidental vocabulary acquisition from individual and collaborative tasks in an Arabic online classroom.
Association between the coexistence of premorbid sarcopenia, frailty, and disability and functional outcome in older patients with acute stroke
Authors: Nozoe Masafumi , Noguchi Madoka , Kubo Hiroki , Kanai Masashi , Shimada Shinichi
Published: July 2022

Aim

To investigate the effects of coexisting conditions such as premorbid sarcopenia, frailty, and disability on functional outcomes in older patients with acute stroke.

Methods

This prospective cohort study included older patients (aged ≥65 years) hospitalized for acute stroke at a single neurosurgical hospital. Premorbid sarcopenia, frailty, and disability were diagnosed using the strength, assistance with walking, rising from a chair, climbing stairs, and falls (SARC‐F) questionnaire, frailty index, and modified Rankin Scale (mRS) on admission. The primary outcome was the mRS score 3 months after stroke, and a poor outcome was defined as mRS ≥4.

Results

This study included 317 older patients with acute stroke (median [interquartile range] age: 76 [12] years). Premorbid sarcopenia, frailty, and disability (mRS = 2 or 3) were identified in 59 (19%), 27 (9%), and 54 (17%) patients, respectively. Two coexisting conditions were observed in 26 patients (8%), and three were observed in 18 patients (6%). Adjusted logistic regression analysis revealed that coexisting conditions were independently associated with poor outcomes (one condition, adjusted OR: 3.20 [95%CI: 0.98–10.45]; two conditions, adjusted OR: 6.57 [95%CI: 1.74–24.87]; three conditions, adjusted OR: 12.70 [95%CI: 2.65–60.91]).

Conclusions

The coexistence of premorbid sarcopenia, frailty, and disability was associated with poor functional outcomes in older patients with acute stroke. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2022; 22: 642–647.
Properties of phyllosilicate‐based porous ceramics shaped by conventional tape casting and freeze tape casting
Authors: Barry Kassoum , Lecomte‐Nana Gisèle Laure , Seynou Mohamed , Faucher Michael , Blanchart Philippe , Peyratout Claire
Published: July 2022

Silicate ceramics were shaped using tape casting (TC) and freeze tape casting (FTC) processes from three clays labeled HCR, KORS, and KCR. These clays exhibited mass content of 77% halloysite–10 Å, 29% kaolinite, and 98% kaolinite minerals, respectively. After casting the slurries, the dried tapes were sintered at 1200°C. The microstructure changes were characterized before and after sintering using scanning electron microscopy. The apparent porosity of TC samples was lower (36–47 vol.%) compared to values obtained with FTC samples (67–79 vol.%). The latter samples exhibited a highly textured porosity, with micron‐sized pores aligned perpendicular to the tape surfaces. Upon sintering, the porosity of TC samples tended to decrease conversely to the case of FTC samples. Such behavior seemed related to the simultaneous effect of organic additives and ice templating. Consequently, the FTC samples showed a relatively low mechanical strength of 3–7 MPa and thermal conductivity of .14– .22 W m−1 K−1. After sintering, the mullite crystallization contributed to strengthen the bulk materials, helping to compensate for the detrimental effect of porosity on the stress to rupture and on thermal conductivity values.
A novel ZsGreen knock‐in melanoma cell line reveals the function of CD11b in tumor phagocytosis
Authors: Zhang Lichen , Feng Xinyu , Shen Yingzhuo , Wang Yingbin , Liu Zhuangzhuang , Ma Yuang , Gu Yanrong , Guo Guo , Duan Liangwei , Lu Liaoxun , Liang Yinming , Lawrence Toby , Huang Rong
Published: July 2022

Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats/CRISPR‐associated protein 9 (CRISPR/Cas9) is an efficient tool for establishing genetic models including cellular models, and has facilitated unprecedented advancements in biomedical research. In both patients and cancer animal models, immune cells infiltrate the tumor microenvironment and some of them migrate to draining lymph nodes to exert antitumor effects. Among these immune cells, phagocytes such as macrophages and dendritic cells engulf tumor antigens prior to their crosstalk with T cells and elicit adaptive immune response against tumors. Melanoma cells are frequently used as a tumor model because of their relatively high level of somatic mutations and antigenicity. However, few genetic models have been developed using melanoma cell lines to track tumor cell phagocytosis, which is essential for understanding protective immune response in vivo. In this study, we used CRISPR/Cas9‐mediated DNA cleavage and homologous recombination to develop a novel knock‐in tool which expresses the ultra‐bright fluorescent probe ZsGreen in YUMM1.7 melanoma cells. Using this novel tool, we measured the macrophagic engulfment of melanoma cells inside the tumor microenvironment. We also found that in tumor‐grafted mice, a subset of dendritic cells efficiently engulfed YUMM1.7 cells and was preferentially trafficking tumor antigens to draining lymph nodes. In addition, we used this knock‐in tool to assess the impact of a point mutation of CD11b on phagocytosis in the tumor microenvironment. Our results demonstrate that the ZsGreen‐expressing YUMM1.7 melanoma model provides a valuable tool for the study of phagocytosis in vivo.
High‐pressure behavior and phase transition of jadarite, a promising B and Li mineral commodity
Authors: Comboni Davide , Battiston Tommaso , Rumsey Michael S. , Pagliaro Francesco , Lotti Paolo , Hanfland Michael , Gatta G. Diego
Published: July 2022

The high‐pressure behavior of a natural jadarite (ideally LiNaSiB3O7(OH), a ∼ 6.76 Å, b ∼ 13.80 Å, c ∼ 7.69 Å, β = 124.09°, space group P21/c) has been studied by in situ single‐crystal and powder synchrotron X‐ray diffraction up to 20 GPa, with a diamond anvil cell and using He as a hydrostatic pressure‐transmitting fluid. Between 16.57(5) and 17.04(5) GPa, jadarite undergoes a first‐order iso‐symmetric phase transition, which is reconstructive in character, with a ΔV of approximately ‐3%. The structure of the high‐pressure polymorph was solved and refined (to R1 ∼ 4%). The isothermal bulk modulus of the low‐P polymorph of jadarite is KV0 = 55.0(5) GPa (βV0 = 0.0182(2) GPa–1), and its P‐derivative is 3.84(9). The compressional anisotropy, derived along the three main crystallographic directions, is modest, with βa0:βb0:βc0 = 1.23:1:1.23. The P‐induced deformation mechanisms at the atomic scale, which lead to phase transition, are described.
Genetic impacts of physical disturbance processes in coastal marine ecosystems
Authors: Parvizi Elahe , Fraser Ceridwen I. , Waters Jonathan M.
Published: July 2022

Aim

Coastal habitats are among the most dynamic environments on earth and are highly vulnerable to large‐scale physical disturbance. Genetic studies of nearshore marine species are revealing long‐lasting signatures of major coastal disturbance events. We synthesize emerging data to highlight how physical perturbations can impact the phylogeographic patterns of coastal populations.

Taxon

Coastal marine and estuarine taxa.

Location

Coastal regions around the globe.

Methods

We synthesize coastal genetic and genomic literature, focussing particularly on the phylogeographic consequences of natural disturbance events including uplift, tsunami, hurricanes, glaciations and sea‐level fluctuations. We focus on studies with clear physical analytical frameworks constrained by abiotic data.

Results

Tectonic and atmospheric disruptions can be considered shot‐term events with major impacts on populations adjacent to the centre of disturbance, typically resulting in the evolution of shallow phylogeographic patterns. Long‐lived climate‐driven disturbances such as glaciations, however, operate over vast geographic scales and often drive deep evolutionary patterns in affected populations. We show that studies using genome‐wide data could better identify fine‐scale signatures of both past and contemporary habitat perturbations.

Conclusions

Recent data reveal the interplay between physical upheaval and coastal phylogeography, indicating that disturbance can affect diversity, connectivity and demography of coastal populations. The interplay between long‐lived large‐scale disturbance and species‐specific biotic traits has shaped deep phylogeographic patterns of coastal taxa. Additionally, it could be argued that, at least for some regions, short‐term disturbance is the ‘rule’ rather than the ‘exception’, and thus, represents a key driver of coastal genetic patterns in disturbance prone coastal regions. Geo‐genomic approaches that combine genome‐wide data with explicit habitat models or disturbance history information have been particularly successful in explaining the drivers of coastal evolutionary change. We argue that future integration of genomic and physical data will be crucial for tracing evolutionary trends in fast‐changing marine environments.
Treatment of minor health problems by primary care nurses: A cross‐sectional study
Authors: Fernández Molero Sonia , Laserna Jiménez Cristina , Baiget Ortega Andreu , Flayeh Beneyto Souhel , Ríos Jiménez Ana , Fabrellas Padrés Núria
Published: July 2022

Aims

To assess the results of a nursing‐led program to treatment of minor health issues from Catalan health institute primary care teams during 2019 and 2020.

Background

In 2009, the Catalan health institute implemented a nursing program to deal with minor health problems. This nursing‐led program includes an algorithm for each of the minor health problems and arose as a strategy to reorganise the flow of demand for care in primary care.

Design

A cross‐sectional design.

Methods

Multicentric cross‐sectional study. 392 primary care teams from the Catalan health institute participated in the study. STROBE guideline was followed in reporting this study. Patients attending any of the participating centres requesting a same‐day consultation for minor health issues were registered.

Results

A total of 21,215,278 consultations were recorded: 18,284,105 for adult and 2,931,173 for paediatric patients. Minor health issue resolved by the nurse was achieved in 50.9% of adult patients and 55.4% of paediatric patients. The highest rates of resolution in adults (>85%) were as follows: burns, emergency contraception and injuries. The highest resolution rates (>84%) were as follows: burns, breastfeeding difficulties and infant colic. 87.7% of prescriptions issued by nurses were accepted by the family physician.

Conclusions

The nursing‐led program to treat minor health issues has been shown to present acceptable resolution for nurses in a large primary care setting. Nurses have been carrying out prescription activities with very favourable results.

Relevance to clinical practice

This study demonstrates that care provided to patients by nurses for minor health issues requiring preferential resolution is effective. Our results are useful in that they confirm both the effectiveness of the nursing‐led program for minor health issues and the pharmacological prescriptions produced during patient appointments.

Patient or public contribution

Patient's data were obtained through a program records system after the minor health issues appointments.
Quality of information transferred to palliative care
Authors: Kuusisto Anne , Saranto Kaija , Korhonen Päivi , Haavisto Elina
Published: July 2022

Aims and objectives

To describe the quality of information coming from previous care units to palliative care.

Background

Information quality is an interconnected concept that includes different dimensions and can be viewed from different perspectives. More knowledge is needed from a multi‐professional perspective on the information quality coming to palliative care.

Design

Descriptive qualitative study.

Methods

Altogether 33 registered nurses, practical nurses, social workers and physicians working in palliative care were purposively selected to participate in thematic interviews. The research was carried out in six palliative care units in three hospital districts. The data were analysed by using deductive and inductive content analysis. The COREQ checklist was used.

Results

Three main categories with thirteen categories were identified in connection with the deductive analysis based on the Clinical Information Quality framework: (1). Informativeness of information coming from previous care units to palliative care included accuracy, completeness, interpretability, plausibility, provenance and relevance. (2). Availability of information coming from previous care units to palliative care included accessibility, portability, security and timeliness. (3). Usability of information coming from previous care units to palliative care included conformance, consistency and maintainability. Each category is divided into sub‐categories followed by narratives of their content.

Conclusions

This study provides new knowledge on the quality of information coming to palliative care from a multi‐professional perspective. Professionals working in palliative care units highlight issues describing good information quality, but also point out quality issues and areas for improvement.

Relevance to clinical practice

The results can guide the development of documentation practices and Health Information System development as well as be used in the generation of a new audit instrument of information quality.
The accuracies of three intraoral scanners with regard to shade determination: An in vitro study
Authors: Huang Mingming , Wang Yong , Sun Yuchun , Zhou Yongsheng , Liu Yunsong , Ye Hongqiang
Published: July 2022

Purpose

To compare the accuracies of three intraoral scanners for shade determination function in vitro, and to preliminarily investigate the shade‐matching characteristics of the three intraoral scanners.

Materials and Methods

The shade of the middle third region of each shade tab on the Vita Classical A1‐D4 shade guide (VC) was measured with a spectrophotometer (Vita Easyshade V, VE) and three intraoral scanners, including CEREC Omnicam (OM), 3Shape TRIOS 3 (T3), and TRIOS 4 (T4). A conversion table between VC values and CIELAB values was established from the database of VE to analyze the trueness. The reproducibility of the instruments was then compared by repeating the measurements five times.

Results

The mean color difference for each instrument was highest in the OM, followed by the T4, and lowest in the T3 and VE, respectively. The L* and a* value for OM, and the b* value for T4, were significantly different from those for VE (p <0.05). The reproducibility of the instrument was highest in the VE (Fleiss’ kappa: 0.95), followed by the T3 (Fleiss’ kappa: 0.89), T4 (Fleiss’ kappa: 0.87), and OM (Fleiss’ kappa: 0.78).

Conclusions

Of the three intraoral scanners, the trueness was best on the T3. The reproducibility of all the instruments was excellent.
Nursing turnover in a large, rural health system
Authors: Andreyeva Elena , David Guy , Griese Emily , Stansbury Ward Cheryl , Candon Molly
Published: July 2022

Purpose

Nursing turnover is a leading cause of inefficiency in health care delivery. Few studies have examined turnover among nurses who work in rural areas.

Methods

We accessed human resources data that tracked hiring and terminations from a large health system operating in South Dakota, North Dakota, and Minnesota between January 2016 and December 2017. Our study sample included 7,634 registered nurses, 1,765 of whom worked in a rural community. Within the health system, there were 27 affiliated hospitals, 17 of which were designated critical access hospitals. We estimated nursing turnover rates overall and stratified turnover rates by available demographic and occupational characteristics, including whether the nurse worked in a community with an affiliated acute care hospital or critical access hospital.

Findings

Overall, 19% of nurses left their position between January 2016 and December 2017. Turnover rates were associated with state, nurse gender and age, and occupational tenure, but were similar in urban and rural areas. Of note, turnover rates were significantly higher in communities without an affiliated acute care hospital or critical access hospital.

Conclusion

Between 2016 and 2017, nearly 1 in 5 nurses working in this health system left their position. Turnover rates differed based on nurse demographics and selected occupational characteristics, including tenure. We also found higher turnover rates among nurses who worked in communities without an affiliated hospital, which points to a potential but unexplored benefit of hospitals in rural areas.
Spontaneous clearance of a displaced root in the maxillary sinus: A case report
Authors: Mitchell Fraser , Ahmed Bilal , Saund Daniel
Published: July 2022

It is important that both clinicians and patients are aware of the risk of displacement of a maxillary tooth into the sinus. Appropriate warnings should be given preoperatively and steps should be taken to reduce the chance of this occurring. Despite this, the introduction of a foreign body into the sinus is an unfortunate but real possibility during extraction of teeth. In the event that this occurs appropriate steps should be taken to manage this. We present a case of a patient that underwent extraction of his maxillary first molar, with the displacement of the disto‐buccal root into his maxillary sinus during the procedure. Subsequently the patient was referred to the Oral Surgery Department at Birmingham Dental Hospital and retrieval of the root was planned. However, the root was spontaneously cleared prior to surgery. Investigations, management and complications of this case are discussed. The importance of preoperative imaging to avoid unnecessary treatment is highlighted by this case.
Physical activity and antibody persistence 6 months after the second dose of CoronaVac in immunocompromised patients
Authors: Gualano Bruno , Lemes Ítalo Ribeiro , da Silva Rafael Pires , Pinto Ana Jéssica , Mazzolani Bruna Caruso , Smaira Fabiana Infante , Sieczkowska Sofia Mendes , Aikawa Nádia Emi , Pasoto Sandra , Medeiros‐Ribeiro Ana Cristina , Saad Carla , Yuk Emily , Silva Clovis , Swinton Paul , Hallal Pedro Curi , Roschel Hamilton , Bonfa Eloisa
Published: July 2022

This prospective cohort study within an open‐label, single‐arm, phase 4 vaccination trial (clinicaltrials.gov #NCT04754698) aimed to investigate the association between physical activity and persistent anti‐SARS‐CoV‐2 antibodies 6 months after two‐dose schedule of CoronaVac in autoimmune rheumatic diseases (ARD) patients (n = 748). Persistent immunogenicity 6 months after the full‐course vaccination was assessed using seroconversion rates of total anti‐SARS‐CoV‐2 S1/S2 IgG, geometric mean titers of anti‐S1/S2 IgG (GMT), and frequency of positive neutralizing antibodies (NAb). Physical activity was assessed trough questionnaire. Adjusted point estimates from logistic regression models indicated that physically active patients had greater odds of seroconversion rates (OR: 1.5 [95%CI: 1.1 to 2.1]) and NAb positivity (OR: 1.5 [95%CI: 1.0 to 2.1]), and approximately 43% greater GMT (42.8% [95%CI: 11.9 to 82.2]) than inactive ones. In conclusion, among immunocompromised patients, being physically active was associated with an increment in antibody persistence through 6 months after a full‐course of an inactivated SARS‐CoV‐2 vaccine.
Hope in a time of world‐shattering events and unbearable situations: Policing and an emergent ‘ethics of dwelling’ in Lander Warlpiri country
Authors: Vaarzon‐Morel Petronella
Published: July 2022

In November 2019, members of Willowra community marched on the local police station in protest against the police shooting of Kumunjayi Walker at Yuendumu. Expressing solidarity with family at Yuendumu, individuals breached the barbwire fence of the vacant police compound. Unlike settlements such as Yuendumu, which have had resident police for decades, Willowra police station is 1 of 18 Northern Territory ‘Taskforce Themis’ stations set up as a temporary measure during the 2007 Intervention. Although the police presence is recent and inconstant, Lander Warlpiri Anmatyerr people have long experienced the agonistic effects of police authority in their region—beginning in 1928 with the gunning down of their relatives by Constable Murray and his accomplices during the Coniston Massacre. No charges were laid against these murderers, a reflection of the moral economy and ‘politics of life’ of settler society at the time. Although policies have changed, the past reverberates in the present, as people find creative ways to survive the effects of totalising state institutions and punitive regimes. Furthermore, while locals might back a police presence at Willowra, they continue to assert the importance of Warlpiri Law. This paper reflects upon narratives and events that illuminate local perceptions of police and their role in the community over time. In the course of this account, the focus shifts from policing to people's hopes that unbearable situations might improve, as they use shields both as object and metaphor to deflect the weapons of the state and maintain the Warlpiri socio‐moral order.
COVID‐19 infection and complications according to ABO blood group in the elderly: A population‐based subcohort and meta‐analysis
Authors: Leache Leire , Gutiérrez‐Valencia Marta , Enguita‐Germán Mónica , Librero Julián , Gorricho Javier , Jericó Carlos , García‐Erce Jose Antonio
Published: July 2022

Background and Objectives

It is reported that ABO antibodies have a role in COVID‐19 infection and severity; however, ABO antibody titres vary with advanced age. The aim was to analyse the association between ABO blood group and risk of COVID‐19 infection and complications in elderly patients, and to contrast this data with findings in the overall adult population.

Materials and Methods

A prospective cohort study of the Navarre (Spain) population aged ≥60 years and a meta‐analysis of published studies including participants of ≥60 years were carried out.

Results

In the Navarre elderly population, a higher risk of COVID‐19 infection was identified in the A versus non‐A and O group and lower risk in O versus non‐O, with no significant association between hospitalization, intensive care unit admission or mortality and any of the blood groups, results that coincide with those of the overall Navarre adult population. The meta‐analyses using studies that included participants of ≥60 years demonstrated a higher risk of hospitalization and mortality in A versus non‐A and a lower mortality risk with B versus non‐B. Similar mortality results were found in the meta‐analyses of the overall adult population.

Conclusion

There are no relevant differences between the overall adult population and population aged ≥60 years in the risk of COVID‐19 infection and severity according to ABO blood groups, suggesting that age‐related changes in ABO would be of limited clinical significance.
Gobernabilidad y ciudadanía en la gestión de los centros históricos: la dimensión arqueológica en Puebla de los Ángeles
Authors: Castillo Mena Alicia , Rodríguez Alomá Patricia , Montero Pantoja Carlos
Published: July 2022

La gestión del desarrollo integral de los centros históricos es una noción que comenzó a difundirse hace cincuenta años, sin embargo, su aplicación práctica comenzó décadas más tarde y aún no ha sido generalizada. El presente artículo propone un acercamiento al tema desde la teoría y la praxis, fundamentalmente regional, donde se exponen aquellos elementos indispensables, que deben estar presentes en el abordaje responsable y ético del desarrollo del lugar más estratégico de la ciudad, su centro histórico, y por extensión, la zona central tradicional. Se aborda concretamente la gestión del patrimonio cultural de Puebla de los Ángeles, y se particulariza en el tratamiento de los bienes arqueológicos de la ciudad.
Revisión descriptiva sobre el uso de tecnologías digitales y herramientas de diseño para la difusión y comunicación del patrimonio
Authors: Uribe Pérez Sandra , Parra Vela Andrés Felipe , Chacón Chacón Freddy , Orjuela Peña Julio Cesar
Published: July 2022

La difusión y la comunicación del patrimonio cumplen un papel relevante en su valoración, gestión y preservación, así como en su disfrute y aprovechamiento sustentables. Dado que el uso de las nuevas tecnologías, los entornos digitales y las herramientas de diseño están en auge y han comenzado a incidir en este campo del conocimiento, en este artículo de carácter descriptivo-exploratorio se busca indagar en torno a lo que se conoce sobre el tema y los tipos de investigaciones que están surgiendo, con el fin de delinear un panorama general que permita identificar las aproximaciones conceptuales, al igual que las posibles variables y los fenómenos vinculados a su estudio, tanto como los aspectos que no se han abordado o permanecen desconocidos, y que pueden ser analizados en futuras líneas o trabajos de investigación. De este modo, a partir de los resultados se espera dilucidar qué tipos de tecnologías y herramientas se están aplicando o desarrollando, y si a partir de su uso existen nuevas formas de comunicar o narrar que puedan contribuir a enriquecer y hacer más atractiva la experiencia en torno al patrimonio en diferentes escenarios, a la vez que se potencia la visibilización de los valores de dicho legado
Impact of Boundary Condition and Kinetic Parameter Uncertainties on NOx Predictions in Methane–Air Stagnation Flame Experiments
Authors: Durocher Antoine , Wang Jiayi , Bourque Gilles , Bergthorson Jeffrey M.
Published: July 2022

A comprehensive understanding of uncertainty sources in experimental measurements is required to develop robust thermochemical models for use in industrial applications. Due to the complexity of the combustion process in gas turbine engines, simpler flames are generally used to study fundamental combustion properties and measure concentrations of important species to validate and improve modeling. Stable, laminar flames have increasingly been used to study nitrogen oxide (NOx) formation in lean-to-rich compositions in low-to-high pressures to assess model predictions and improve accuracy to help develop future low-emissions systems. They allow for nonintrusive diagnostics to measure sub-ppm concentrations of pollutant molecules, as well as important precursors, and provide well-defined boundary conditions to directly compare experiments with simulations. The uncertainties of experimentally measured boundary conditions and the inherent kinetic uncertainties in the nitrogen chemistry are propagated through one-dimensional stagnation flame simulations to quantify the relative importance of the two sources and estimate their impact on predictions. Measurements in lean, stoichiometric, and rich methane–air flames are used to investigate the production pathways active in those conditions. Various spectral expansions are used to develop surrogate models with different levels of accuracy to perform the uncertainty analysis for 15 important reactions in the nitrogen chemistry and the six boundary conditions (ϕ, Tin, uin, du/dzin, Tsurf, P) simultaneously. After estimating the individual parametric contributions, the uncertainty of the boundary conditions are shown to have a relatively small impact on the prediction of NOx compared to kinetic uncertainties in these laboratory experiments. These results show that properly calibrated laminar flame experiments can, not only, provide validation targets for modeling, but also accurate indirect measurements that can later be used to infer individual kinetic rates to improve thermochemical models.
A Deployment Approach Toward Time-Energy Efficient Robust Performance for Interceptors
Authors: Banerjee Arunava , Saidi Abdelaziz Salah , Algethami Abdullah A. , Nabi Mashuq un
Published: July 2022

This paper proposes an automatic time-energy efficient robust control (ATERC) deployment approach for selecting either a near-optimal closed-loop control law or a robust control law based on the requirement of the system. The near-optimal closed-loop control law is designed by applying the population-based sine-cosine algorithm (SCA) to the considered interceptor problem. While the robust control law is formulated by using an artificial time delayed control (TDC) approach. In presence of external disturbances, the ATERC methodology deploys the TDC-based robust guidance law to the interceptor, while in the absence of such uncertainties the SCA-based near-optimal guidance law is applied in order to improve the time-energy minimization. This guidance approach also incorporates input saturation which expands its applicability. Using Lyapunov stability analysis, this work establishes an uniformly ultimately bounded (UUB) stability for the discussed system on application of the proposed control approach. Extensive simulation studies involving nonmaneuvering targets and targets performing bank-to-bank maneuver, affirms the efficiency of the proposed approach.
Hierarchical Biomechanics: Concepts, Bone as Prominent Example, and Perspectives Beyond
Authors: Hellmich Christian , Ukaj Niketa , Smeets Bart , van Oosterwyck Hans , Filipovic Nenad , Zelaya-Lainez Luis , Kalliauer Johannes , Scheiner Stefan
Published: July 2022

The main motivation for “hierarchical biomechanics” is that the wide variability of mechanical properties encountered at the macroscopic scale may be traced back to just a few “universal” or invariant mechanical properties of elementary components at a sufficiently small scale (such as collagen, elastin, and water in case of soft tissues; complemented by hydroxyapatite in case of hard “mineralized” tissues such as bone), and to the nano-and microstructures which the latter build up. This challenging task requires a physically rigorous and mathematically sound basis, as provided by Finite Element and Fast Fourier Transform methods, as well as by continuum micromechanics resting on (semi-)analytical solutions for Eshelby-type matrix-inclusion problems. Corresponding numerical and analytical mathematical models have undergone diligent experimental validation, by means of data stemming from a variety of biophysical, biochemical, and biomechanical testing methods, such as light and electron microscopy, ultrasonic testing, and scanning acoustic microscopy, as well as physicochemical tests associated with dehydration, demineralization, decollagenization, ashing, and weighing in air and fluid. While elastic scale transition and homogenization methods have attained a high maturity level, the hierarchical nature of dissipative (i.e., viscous or strength) properties is still a vibrant field of research. This applies even more to hierarchical approaches elucidating the interface between biological cells and extracellular matrices (“mechanobiology”), to cells interacting in complex biofluids such as blood, and to the intricate and highly undiscovered mechanics unfolding within biological cells.
Genetic and Structural Variation in the O-Antigen of Salmonella enterica Serovar Typhimurium Isolates Causing Bloodstream Infections in the Democratic Republic of the Congo
Authors: Van Puyvelde Sandra , Gasperini Gianmarco , Biggel Michael , Phoba Marie-France , Raso Maria Michelina , de Block Tessa , Vanheer Leen N. , Deborggraeve Stijn , Vandenberg Olivier , Thomson Nicholas , Ravenscroft Neil , Maclennan Calman A. , Bellich Barbara , Cescutti Paola , Dougan Gordon , Jacobs Jan , Lunguya Octavie , Micoli Francesca
Published: July 2022

The bacterium
Salmonella
Typhimurium forms a devastating burden in sub-Saharan Africa by causing invasive bloodstream infections. Additionally,
Salmonella
Typhimurium presents high levels of antimicrobial resistance, jeopardizing treatment.
Genome Sequences of Novel Iflaviruses in the Gray Lawn Leafhopper, an Experimental Vector of Corn Stunt Spiroplasma
Authors: Andreason Sharon A. , Lahey Zachary , Ayala-Ortiz Christian , Simmons Alvin M.
Published: July 2022

Two novel iflaviruses were detected in the metatranscriptome of the gray lawn leafhopper,
Exitianus exitiosus
(Uhler). The assembled genome sequence of
Exitianus exitiosus virus 1
was 9,858 nucleotides (nt) long and encodes a 3,083-amino acid (aa) polyprotein.
Exitianus exitiosus virus 2
was 10,219 nt long and encodes a 2,947-aa polyprotein.
Two Distinct Genomic Lineages of Sinaivirus Detected in Guyanese Africanized Honey Bees
Authors: Schroeder Declan C. , Stone Jaclyn L. , Weeks Amy , Jacobs Makeba , DaSilva Jeol , Butts Shimar , Richards Lorenzo , Layne Shevon , Miller Erwin , Walrond Dwight , Hartley Dane , Lyken Dexter
Published: July 2022

Over the past decade or so, PCR-based screening programs have reported that Africanized honey bees (AHB) are also hosts to viruses commonly found in European honey bees. Very little is known about the genomic variants found in AHB. Here, we present two distinct lineages of sinaiviruses in AHB.
Draft Genome Sequence of Pseudomonas sp. Strain MWU15-20650, Isolated from Wild Cranberry Fruit in the Cape Cod National Seashore
Authors: Sholl Tyler , Soby Scott
Published: July 2022

Pseudomonas
sp. strain MWU15-20650 was isolated from wild cranberry fruit surfaces in the Cape Cod National Seashore. The draft genome is 6.2 Mbp, with a G+C content of 59%, and contains predicted genes for type VI secretion systems and an
N
-acyl-homoserine lactone acylase. The closest known relative is
Pseudomonas haemolytica
.
Diagnostic Performance Assessment of Saliva RT-PCR and Nasopharyngeal Antigen for the Detection of SARS-CoV-2 in Peru
Authors: Calderón Roger I. , Jhaveri Tulip A. , Tovar Marco A. , Palomino J. Santiago , Barreda Nadia N. , Sanabria Oswaldo M. , Peinado Jesús , Ramirez Claudio , Llanos Zavalaga L. Fernando , Valderrama Gissela , Franke Molly F. , Mitnick Carole D. , Lecca Leonid , Velásquez Gustavo E.
Published: July 2022

In this diagnostic validation study of 896 participants in Peru, saliva reverse transcription PCR (RT-PCR) had >80% sensitivity for the detection of SARS-CoV-2 among all-comers and symptomatic individuals, while the SD Biosensor STANDARD Q antigen test performed on nasopharyngeal swab had <80% sensitivity, except for participants whose same-day nasopharyngeal RT-PCR results showed cycle threshold values of <30, consistent with a high viral load in the nasopharynx. The specificity was high for both tests.
North America's Midcontinent Rift magma volume: A coincidental rendezvous of a plume with a rift
Authors: Gunawardana Prasanna Mahesh , Moucha Robert , Rooney Tyrone O. , Stein Seth , Stein Carol A.
Published: July 2022

The Midcontinent Rift of North America is a ca. 1.1 Ga, 3000-km-long failed rift that nearly split the Precambrian continent of Laurentia. Unlike most continental rifts, which are filled with a mixture of volcanic rocks and sediments, the Midcontinent Rift contains a large volume of flood basalts that were emplaced during both syn- and post-rift stages. Consequently, the Midcontinent Rift, which comprises the Keweenaw large igneous province, is the most significant positive anomaly on gravity maps of central North America. We investigated the mantle conditions required to produce this large volume of flood basalt and the observed two main stages of emplacement. To explore whether these magma volumes required a plume or, instead, could have resulted from the increased ambient mantle temperatures expected for the Neoproterozoic, we used a geodynamic model for a range of ambient mantle and plume temperatures under different scenarios of lithospheric extension. The most favorable scenario for the generation of both syn-rift and post-rift lavas combines a plume with excess temperatures between 175 and 225 °C introduced during the syn-rift phase and ambient mantle potential temperatures between 1393 and 1443 °C, with an initial lithospheric thickness not exceeding 150 km for 3 mm/yr extension rates.