bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
CollabVR: VR Testing for Increasing Social Interaction between College Students
Authors: Johnson Diego , Mamani Brayan , Salas Cesar
Published: January 2024

The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on education has accelerated the shift in learning paradigms toward synchronous and asynchronous online approaches, significantly reducing students’ social interactions. This study introduces CollabVR, as a social virtual reality (SVR) platform designed to improve social interaction among remote university students through extracurricular activities (ECAs). Leveraging technologies such as Unity3D for the development of the SVR environment, Photon Unity Networking for real-time participant connection, Oculus Quest 2 for immersive virtual reality experience, and AWS for efficient and scalable system performance, it aims to mitigate this social interaction deficit. The platform was tested using the sociability scale of Kreijns et al., comparing it with traditional online platforms. Results from a focus group in Lima, Peru, with students participating in online ECAs, demonstrated that CollabVR significantly improved participants perceived social interaction, with a mean of 4.65 ± 0.49 compared to traditional platforms with a mean of 2.35 ± 0.75, fostering a sense of community and improving communication. The study highlights the potential of CollabVR as a powerful tool to overcome socialization challenges in virtual learning environments, suggesting a more immersive and engaging approach to distance education.
The Best Strategy for the Black Hole Phenomenon between Intravascular Ultrasound and Optical Coherence Tomography
Authors: Kan Cheng-Cheng , Tsai Wei-Che , Cheng Cheng-Chung , Jong Gwo-Ping
Published: January 2024

The black hole (BH) phenomenon is an intraluminal restenotic lesion. It was identified by intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) and optical coherence tomography (OCT) after intracoronary brachytherapy and drug-eluting stent implantation. Despite the similarity in the mode of action of brachytherapy and drug-eluting stent implantation, the BH phenomenon appears to be uncommon after drug-eluting stent implantation. Specifically, the BH phenomenon is better identified by OCT than by IVUS. Herein, we present a case of in-stent restenosis with suspected BH phenomenon on IVUS and confirmed by OCT.
Thrombotic Disease in Hemophilic Patients: Is This a Paradox in a State of Hypocoagulability?
Authors: Badulescu Oana Viola , Badescu Minerva Codruta , Bojan Iris Bararu , Vladeanu Maria , Filip Nina , Dobreanu Stefan , Tudor Razvan , Ciuntu Bogdan-Mihnea , Tanevski Adelina , Ciocoiu Manuela
Published: January 2024

Hemophilia patients have a deficiency in or dysfunction of clotting factors, which can lead to a bleeding tendency. However, paradoxically, some hemophilia patients may also be at an increased risk of developing thrombotic events such as deep vein thrombosis or pulmonary embolism. The pathophysiology of thrombosis in hemophilia patients is not fully understood, but it is thought to involve a complex interplay of various factors, including the severity of the hemophilia, the presence of other risk factors such as obesity, smoking, or the use of hormonal therapies, and the presence of certain genetic mutations that increase the risk of thrombosis. In addition, it has been suggested that the use of clotting factor replacement therapy, which is a standard treatment for hemophilia, may also contribute to the development of thrombosis in some cases.
Natural Disasters and Banking Stability
Authors: Alalmaee Hassan
Published: January 2024

This paper aims to examine the impact of natural disasters on banking stability across different levels of economic development. Utilizing bank-level data from 1242 banks in 72 countries, combined with natural disaster data from the Center for Research on the Epidemiology of Disasters, we contribute to the literature in three ways. Firstly, we directly assess the influence of natural disasters on banking stability. Secondly, we focus on bank-level data instead of country-level data. Thirdly, we expand on existing research by using different thresholds for the total number of people affected to population ratio, surpassing the previously suggested threshold of 0.5%. Our panel regression analysis with banks and year-fixed effects reveals that natural disasters significantly affect bank stability, particularly in middle- and low-income countries. These effects are robust across alternative measures and estimations, leading to higher non-performing loans, lower return on assets, and decreased capital and return on equity ratios, indicating a negative impact on bank performance.
Exploring Global Economy Evolution: Clusters and Patterns
Authors: Casagrande Sara , Dallago Bruno
Published: January 2024

Economic integration and globalization are expected to promote economic growth and convergence. This article offers a comparative analysis of the pace of development in terms of GDP per capita in 79 economies from 1970 to 2019. Usually, economic convergence literature aims to establish whether catching-up processes have been successful. This article verifies the existence of growth path similarities to identify clusters of countries that grow at a similar pace and react in a similar way to crises, and compares their dynamics in time. According to the results, coherently with globalization pressures, clusters have become fewer and larger. However, growth path divergences persist and suggest a cluster-based convergence. Integration processes, such as the European Union, have not influenced this trend. The extent to which these clusters are composed of structurally similar economies has been investigated and some consistencies have emerged between the composition of clusters and the classifications provided by the varieties of capitalism theory.
The Pernicious Predictability of State-Mandated Tests of Academic Achievement in the United States
Authors: Maroun Jamil , Tienken Christopher H.
Published: January 2024

The purpose of this study was to determine the predictiveness of community and family demographic variables related to the development of student academic background knowledge on the percentage of students who pass a state-mandated, commercially prepared, standardized Algebra 1 test in the state of New Jersey, USA. This explanatory, cross-sectional study utilized quantitative methods through hierarchical regression analysis. The results suggest that family demographic variables found in the United States Census data related to the development of student academic background knowledge predicted 75 percent of schools in which students achieved a passing score on a state standardized high school assessment of Algebra 1. We can conclude that construct-irrelevant variance, influenced in part by student background knowledge, can be used to predict standardized test results. The results call into question the use of standardized tests as tools for policy makers and educational leaders to accurately judge student learning or school quality.
Computer Vision and Machine Learning-Based Predictive Analysis for Urban Agricultural Systems
Authors: Kempelis Arturs , Polaka Inese , Romanovs Andrejs , Patlins Antons
Published: January 2024

Urban agriculture presents unique challenges, particularly in the context of microclimate monitoring, which is increasingly important in food production. This paper explores the application of convolutional neural networks (CNNs) to forecast key sensor measurements from thermal images within this context. This research focuses on using thermal images to forecast sensor measurements of relative air humidity, soil moisture, and light intensity, which are integral to plant health and productivity in urban farming environments. The results indicate a higher accuracy in forecasting relative air humidity and soil moisture levels, with Mean Absolute Percentage Errors (MAPEs) within the range of 10–12%. These findings correlate with the strong dependency of these parameters on thermal patterns, which are effectively extracted by the CNNs. In contrast, the forecasting of light intensity proved to be more challenging, yielding lower accuracy. The reduced performance is likely due to the more complex and variable factors that affect light in urban environments. The insights gained from the higher predictive accuracy for relative air humidity and soil moisture may inform targeted interventions for urban farming practices, while the lower accuracy in light intensity forecasting highlights the need for further research into the integration of additional data sources or hybrid modeling approaches. The conclusion suggests that the integration of these technologies can significantly enhance the predictive maintenance of plant health, leading to more sustainable and efficient urban farming practices. However, the study also acknowledges the challenges in implementing these technologies in urban agricultural models.
Quality of Life Measured with the WHO-5 Wellness Index during Wildfire Season in Two Canadian Provinces—Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Shalaby Reham , Agyapong Belinda , Obuobi-Donkor Gloria , da Luz Dias Raquel da Luz , Agyapong Vincent I. O.
Published: January 2024

Introduction: Wildfires impact large populations worldwide with increasing frequency and severity. In Canada, the fire season has affected more areas this year with potential implications for individuals’ well-being and quality of life (QoL). Objective: This study aimed to explore data related to the well-being and QoL of individuals living in areas impacted by wildfires in two Canadian provinces. Methodology: A cross-sectional survey was used to collect data from the residents in the two provinces who subscribed to the Text4Hope mental health support service. Descriptive and inferential statistics were applied using World Health Organization Well-Being Index (WHO-5). Results: Out of 1802 Text4Hope subscribers, 298 responded to the baseline surveys, yielding a response rate of (16.5%). The mean score of QoL was (40.8/100 ± 20.7). Most respondents were from Alberta (84.2%), 40 years old or below (28.3%), females (85.2%), Caucasian (83.5%), in a relationship (56.4%), employed (63.6%), received diagnoses of depression (56.6%), and anxiety (52.9%).The overall prevalence of low QoL was (67.3%; 95% CI: 61.2–73.1%) that was mostly reported among subscribers who were from Nova Scotia (70.5%), 40 years old or younger (71.2%), other gender (83.3%), Black/Hispanic and other ethnicity (85.7% each), having high-school or less education (70.3%), not in a relationship (74.1%), and unemployed (73.6%). In terms of clinical factors, low QoL was most prevalent among those who received the diagnoses of depression (74%) and anxiety (74.3%), and those who have been receiving antidepressants (71.8%) or benzodiazepines (93.3%). Regarding wildfire-related factors, the highest prevalence of low QoL was reported among those living in a region that has recently been impacted by the wildfires (74.7%) and those who have been less frequently watching television images about the devastation caused by the recent wildfires (72.6%). The multivariate logistic regression analysis model predicting the low QoL including the various variables was statistically significant; Χ2 (df = 19; n = 254) = 31.69, p = 0.03. It was found that living in a region impacted by wildfires (37.9%) was the only significant predictor of low QoL (adjusted OR: 1.96; 95% CI: 1.05–3.65). Conclusions: The impact of wildfire on the QoL and well-being among people living in impacted regions is significant. It is empirical for the health authorities to support those who are disadvantaged by wildfire via running of screening programs to early identify mental health symptoms and addressing the living conditions of the survivors, along with the provision of innovative means of mental health support. This necessitates enhanced planning of the governments and health authorities to overcome such adverse psychological consequences of these events.
How Do Tourists’ Value Perceptions of Food Experiences Influence Their Perceived Destination Image and Revisit Intention? A Moderated Mediation Model
Authors: Zhu Yijin , Zhu Liqun , Weng Lisheng
Published: January 2024

The food experience is an important part of the tourism experience. Although it is crucial to comprehend the significance of tourists’ perception of food experiences, there is a scarcity of research investigating the impact of tasting local food on tourists’ perceptions and behaviors. This study employs structural equation modeling to empirically examine the relationship between tourists’ value perceptions of food experiences, their perceived destination image, and their revisit intention. In addition, the moderating effects of tourists’ genders on the aforementioned relationships are also explored. A renowned restaurant brand, Nanjing Impressions, which specializes in offering the unique cuisine of the city of Nanjing, China, is chosen as the research case. A grand total of 500 questionnaires were distributed, and, out of these, 458 questionnaires were deemed legitimate and kept for further analysis. The results indicate that the functional, social, emotional, cultural, and health values of local food experienced by tourists have significant positive impacts on their perceived destination image and revisit intention. Moreover, perceived destination image partially mediates the relationships between tourists’ value perceptions of food experiences and their revisit intention. Gender is found to partially moderate the relationships between the proposed constructs. The current study offers noteworthy theoretical contributions and provides valuable practical suggestions for tourism destination managers.
Physicochemical Properties of Nanoliposomes Encapsulating Grape Seed Tannins Formed with Ultrasound Cycles
Authors: Monasterio Angela , Osorio Fernando A.
Published: January 2024

Grape seeds are an excellent source of flavonoids and tannins with powerful antioxidant properties. However, the astringency of tannins limits their direct incorporation into food. To overcome this challenge, we investigated the encapsulation of grape seed tannins within nanoliposomes formed by ultrasound cycling. We characterized the nanoliposomes’ physicochemical properties, including encapsulation efficiency, antioxidant activity, stability, microstructure, and rheological properties. Our findings reveal that the nanoliposomes exhibited excellent stability under refrigerated conditions for up to 90 days with a mean particle size of 228 ± 26 nm, a polydispersity index of 0.598 ± 0.087, and a zeta potential of −41.6 ± 1.30 mV, maintaining a spherical multilamellar microstructure. Moreover, they displayed high antioxidant activity, with encapsulation efficiencies of 79% for epicatechin and 90% for catechin. This innovative approach demonstrates the potential of using ultrasound-assisted nanoliposome encapsulation to directly incorporate grape seed tannins into food matrices, providing a sustainable and efficient method for enhancing their bioavailability and functionality.
Screening, Identification, and Fermentation Condition Optimization of a High-Yield 3-Methylthiopropanol Yeast and Its Aroma-Producing Characteristics
Authors: Zhang Yujiao , Sun Qi , Liu Xiaoyan , Basit Rana Abdul , Ma Jinghao , Fu Zhilei , Cheng Liujie , Fan Guangsen , Teng Chao
Published: January 2024

A high-yield 3-methylthiopropanol (3-Met) yeast Y1402 was obtained from sesame-flavored Daqu, and it was identified as Saccharomycopsis fibuligera. S. fibuligera Y1402 showed a broad range of growth temperatures and pH, as well as the maximum tolerance to glucose, NaCl, nicotine, and 3-Met at 50% (w/w), 15% (w/v), 1.2 g/L, and 18 g/L, respectively. After optimization using single-factor experiments, a Plackett–Burman design, a steepest ascent test, and a Box–Behnken design, the 3-Met yield reached 4.03 g/L by S. fibuligera Y1402 under the following optimal conditions: glucose concentration of 40 g/L, yeast extract concentration of 0.63 g/L, Tween 80 concentration of 2 g/L, L-methionine concentration of 5 g/L, liquid volume of 25 mL/250 mL, initial pH of 5.3, fermentation temperature of 32 °C, inoculum size of 0.8%, shaking speed of 210 rpm, and fermentation time of 54 h. The fermentation was scaled up to a 3 L fermenter under the optimized conditions, and the yield of 3-Met reached 0.71 g/L. Additionally, an aroma analysis revealed that the flavor substances produced by S. fibuligera Y1402 in sorghum hydrolysate medium was mainly composed of compounds with floral, sweet, creamy, roasted nut, and clove-like aromas. Therefore, S. fibuligera has great potential for application in the brewing of Baijiu and other fermented foods.
Development of a Time-Resolved Fluorescent Microsphere Test Strip for Rapid, On-Site, and Sensitive Detection of Picoxystrobin in Vegetables
Authors: Chen Junjie , Chen Lidan , Zhang Yongyi , Xiang Siyi , Zhang Ruizhou , Shen Yudong , Liao Jiaming , Xie Huahui , Yang Jinyi
Published: January 2024

Picoxystrobin (PIC) is a fungicide extensively used for disease control in both crops and vegetables. Residues of PIC in vegetables pose a potential threat to human health due to their accumulation in the food chain. In this study, a specific PIC monoclonal antibody (mAb) was developed by introducing a carboxylic acid arm into PIC and subsequently preparing a hapten and an artificial antigen. A sensitive and rapid time-resolved fluorescence immunochromatographic assay (TRFICA) was established based on the mAb. Subsequently, using a time-resolved fluorescent microsphere (TRFM) as signal probe, mAbs and microspheres were covalently coupled. The activated pH, the mAb diluents, the mAb amount, and the probe amount were optimized. Under optimized conditions, the quantitative limits of detection (qLOD) of PIC in cucumber, green pepper, and tomato using TRFICA were established at 0.61, 0.26, and 3.44 ng/mL, respectively; the 50% inhibiting concentrations (IC50) were 11.76, 5.29, and 37.68 ng/mL, respectively. The linear ranges were 1.81–76.71, 0.80–35.04, and 8.32–170.55 ng/mL, respectively. The average recovery in cucumber, green pepper, and tomato samples ranged from 79.8% to 105.0%, and the corresponding coefficients of variation (CV) were below 14.2%. In addition, 15 vegetable samples were selected and compared with the results obtained using ultra-performance liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS). The results revealed a high degree of concordance between the proposed method and UPLC-MS/MS. In conclusion, the devised TRFICA method is a valuable tool for rapid, on-site, and highly sensitive detection of PIC residues in vegetables.
Influence of the Encapsulating Agent on the Bioaccessibility of Phenolic Compounds from Microencapsulated Propolis Extract during In Vitro Gastrointestinal Digestion
Authors: Cea-Pavez Inés , Manteca-Bautista David , Morillo-Gomar Alejandro , Quirantes-Piné Rosa , Quiles José L.
Published: January 2024

The aim of this work is to develop different encapsulated propolis ingredients by spray-drying and to evaluate their bioaccessibility using simulated in vitro digestion. To achieve these goals, first, microparticles of a propolis extract with inulin as the coating polymer were prepared under the optimal conditions previously determined. Then, a fraction of inulin was replaced with other encapsulating agents, namely sodium alginate, pectin, and chitosan, to obtain different ingredients with controlled release properties in the gastrointestinal tract. The analysis of the phenolic profile in the propolis extract and microparticles showed 58 compounds tentatively identified, belonging mainly to phenolic acid derivatives and flavonoids. Then, the behavior of the free extract and the formulated microparticles under gastrointestinal conditions was studied through an in vitro gastrointestinal digestion process using the INFOGEST protocol. Digestion of the free extract resulted in the degradation of most compounds, which was minimized in the encapsulated formulations. Thus, all developed microparticles could be promising strategies for improving the stability of this bioactive extract under gastrointestinal conditions, thereby enhancing its beneficial effect.
The Addition of Resveratrol-Loaded Emulsions to Yogurts: Physicochemical Characterization, In Vitro Bioaccessibility and NMR-Based Nutritional Profiles
Authors: Shi Zihui , Chen Huan , He Junbo , Zhang Weinong , Lin Hong
Published: January 2024

In this study, resveratrol-loaded nano-emulsions were added to yogurts, improving the physicochemical properties and functional factors and realizing the development of nutrient-fortified yogurt. Yogurts added with free resveratrol (Y-R), resveratrol-loaded emulsions stabilized by sodium caseinate (Y-NN), decaglycerol monooleate (Y-DN), and sodium caseinate-decaglycerol monooleate (Y-DND) were evaluated for their physicochemical properties, including pH, titratable acidity, syneresis, and textural parameters, with 5-day intervals for 15-day storage. The resveratrol retention rate was analyzed in the Y-R, Y-NN, Y-DN, and Y-NDN groups during 15 days of storage. The dynamic bioaccessibility of resveratrol and the NMR-based nutritional profile of yogurt in the Y-R, Y-NN, Y-DN, and the Y-NDN group were investigated after in vitro digestion. The results demonstrated that the addition of resveratrol emulsion decreased the hardness of yogurt while evaluating its titratable acidity and water-holding capacity, which were characterized by high stability. The stability of resveratrol added in the form of an emulsion was significantly higher than that of the free form. Compared with the other groups, the yogurt formulated with sodium caseinate/decaglycerol monooleate (NaCas/DGMO) emulsion showed the highest resveratrol retention rate, about 70%. In vitro digestion showed that encapsulation effectively and persistently improved the dynamic bioaccessibility of resveratrol. Additionally, NMR-based nutritional profile analysis before and after in vitro digestion demonstrated that resveratrol emulsion nutritional fortification promoted the release of nutrients, improving the nutritional value of yogurt. These findings offered theoretical guidance and technical support for the use of resveratrol nano-emulsions in yogurt.
Regenerative Food Innovation: The Role of Agro-Food Chain By-Products and Plant Origin Food to Obtain High-Value-Added Foods
Authors: Brennan Charles Stephen
Published: January 2024

Food losses in the agri-food sector have been estimated as representing between 30 and 80% of overall yield. The agro-food sector has a responsibility to work towards achieving FAO sustainable goals and global initiatives on responding to many issues, including climate pressures from changes we are experiencing globally. Regenerative agriculture has been discussed for many years in terms of improving our land and water. What we now need is a focus on the ability to transform innovation within the food production and process systems to address the needs of society in the fundamental arenas of food, health and wellbeing in a sustainable world. Thus, regenerative food innovation presents an opportunity to evaluate by-products from the agriculture and food industries to utilise these waste streams to minimise the global effects of food waste. The mini-review article aims to illustrate advancements in the valorisation of foods from some of the most recent publications published by peer-reviewed journals during the last 4–5 years. The focus will be applied to plant-based valorised food products and how these can be utilised to improve food nutritional components, texture, sensory and consumer perception to develop the foods for the future.
Effect of Optimized UV-LED Technology on Modeling, Inactivation Kinetics and Microbiological Safety in Tomato Juice
Authors: Salazar Fernando , Pizarro-Oteíza Sebastián , Molinett Sebastián , Labbé Mariela
Published: January 2024

This research analyzed, optimized and modeled the inactivation kinetics of pathogenic bacteria (PB1: Escherichia coli O157:H7 and PB2: Listeria monocytogenes) and determined the microbiological safety of tomato juice processed by UV-LED irradiation and heat treatment. UV-LED processing conditions were optimized using response surface methodology (RSM) and were 90% power intensity, 21 min and 273–275 nm (251 mJ/cm2) with R2 > 0.96. Using the optimal conditions, levels of PB1 and PB2 resulted a log reduction of 2.89 and 2.74 CFU/mL, respectively. The Weibull model was efficient for estimating the log inactivation of PB1 and PB2 (CFU/mL). The kinetic parameter δ showed that 465.2 mJ/cm2 is needed to achieve a 90% log (CFU/mL) reduction in PB1 and 511.3 mJ/cm2 for PB2. With respect to the scale parameter p > 1, there is a descending concave curve. UV-LED-treated tomato juice had an 11.4% lower Listeria monocytogenes count than heat-treated juice on day 28 (4.0 ± 0.82 °C). Therefore, UV-LED technology could be used to inactivate Escherichia coli O157:H7 and Listeria monocytogenes, preserving tomato juice for microbiological safety, but studies are required to further improve the inactivation of these pathogens and analyze other fruit and vegetable juices.
Dry Ball-Milled Quinoa Starch as a Pickering Emulsifier: Preparation, Microstructures, Hydrophobic Properties and Emulsifying Properties
Authors: Chen Ying , Han Xue , Chen Dong-Ling , Ren Yi-Ping , Yang Shi-Yu , Huang Yu-Xuan , Yang Jie , Zhang Liang
Published: January 2024

This research supplied a “cleaner-production” way to produce “clean-label” quinoa starch-based Pickering emulsifier with excellent emulsifying properties. The effects of dry ball-milling time and speed on the multi-scale structures and emulsifying properties of quinoa starch were studied. With increasing ball-milling time and speed, particle size first decreased and then increased, the crystallinity, lamellar structure and short-range ordered structure gradually decreased, and contact angle gradually increased. The increased contact angle might be related to the increased oil absorption properties and the decreased water content. The emulsification properties of ball-milled quinoa starch (BMQS)-based Pickering emulsions increased with the increase in ball-milling time and speed, and the emulsions of BMQS-4 h, 6 h, 8 h, and 600 r reached the full emulsification state. After 120 days’ storage, the oil droplets of BMQS-2 h (BMQS-400 r) deformed, the oil droplets increased, and the emulsification index decreased. The emulsification index and the oil droplets of BMQS-4 h, 6 h, 8 h and 600 r-based emulsions did not show obvious changes after storage, indicating the good emulsifying stability of these BMQS-based emulsions, which might be because that the relatively larger amount of starch particles that dispersed in the voids among the oil droplets could act as stronger network skeletons for the emulsion gel. This Pickering emulsifier was easily and highly efficiently produced and low-cost, having great potential to be used in the food, cosmetic and pharmaceutical industries.
High Fischer Ratio Oligopeptides of Gluten Alleviate Alcohol-Induced Liver Damage by Regulating Lipid Metabolism and Oxidative Stress in Rats
Authors: Zhao Penghui , Hou Yinchen , Chen Xinyang , Zhang Mingyi , Hu Zheyuan , Chen Lishui , Huang Jihong
Published: January 2024

High Fischer ratio oligopeptides (HFOs) exhibit diverse biological activities, including anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties. HFOs from gluten origin were prepared through fermentation and enzymatic hydrolysis and then characterized using free amino acid analysis and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Following intervention, the levels of serum total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), and hepatic malondialdehyde (MDA) in the rats significantly decreased (p < 0.05). Simultaneously, there was an increasing trend in superoxide dismutase (SOD) levels, and glutathione (GSH) levels were significantly elevated (p < 0.05). The mRNA expression levels of alcohol metabolism-related genes (ADH4, ALDH2, and CYP2E1) exhibited a significant increase (p < 0.05). Histological examination revealed a reduction in liver damage. The findings indicate that high Fischer ratio oligopeptides, prepared through enzymatic and fermentation methods, significantly improve lipid levels, ameliorate lipid metabolism disorders, and mitigate oxidative stress, and exhibit a discernible alleviating effect on alcoholic liver injury in rats.
A Systematic Review on Organ-on-a-Chip in PDMS or Hydrogel in Dentistry: An Update of the Literature
Authors: Pierfelice Tania Vanessa , D’Amico Emira , Petrini Morena , Romano Mario , D’Arcangelo Camillo , Sbordone Ludovico , Barone Antonio , Plebani Roberto , Iezzi Giovanna
Published: January 2024

Organs-on-a-chip (OoCs) are microfluidic devices constituted by PDMS or hydrogel in which different layers of cells are separated by a semipermeable membrane. This technology can set many parameters, like fluid shear stress, chemical concentration gradient, tissue–organ interface, and cell interaction. The use of these devices in medical research permits the investigation of cell patterning, tissue–material interface, and organ–organ interaction, mimicking the complex structures and microenvironment of human and animal bodies. This technology allows us to reconstitute in vitro complex conditions that recapitulate in vivo environments. One of the main advantages of these systems is that they represent a very realistic model that, in many cases, can replace animal experimentation, eliminating costs and related ethical issues. Organ-on-a-chip can also contain bacteria or cancer cells. This technology could be beneficial in dentistry for testing novel antibacterial substances and biomaterials, performing studies on inflammatory disease, or planning preclinical studies. A significant number of publications and reviews have been published on this topic. Still, to our knowledge, they mainly focus on the materials used for fabrication and the different patterns of the chip applied to the experimentations. This review presents the most recent applications of organ-on-a-chip models in dentistry, starting from the reconstituted dental tissues to their clinical applications and future perspectives.
Luminescence of Binary-Doped Silica Aerogel Powders: A Two-Step Sol-Gel Approach
Authors: Shandurkov Dimitar , Danchova Nina , Spassov Tony , Petrov Vesselin , Gutzov Stoyan
Published: January 2024

In this study, we report a novel synthesis of hydrophobic silica aerogel powder composites, functionalized and binary-doped with [Tb(phen)2](NO3)3 and [Eu(phen)2](NO3)3 nanocrystals, employing a two-step sol-gel methodology. The investigation delves into the structural elucidation, optical properties and thermal conductivity of these functionalized Tb(III)-Eu(III) composites. Our analysis includes diffuse reflectance spectra and excitation and luminescence spectra, highlighting the quantum yields of composites with varying chemical compositions. Remarkably, these samples exhibit a strong luminescence, with distinct hues of red or green based on the specific doping type and level. The detailed examination of excitation spectra and quantum yields establishes robust energy-transfer mechanisms from the 1,10-phenanthroline molecule to the lanthanide ions. Notably, our study uncovers a Tb3⁺→Eu3⁺ energy-transfer phenomenon within the binary functionalized samples, providing compelling evidence for a structural formation process occurring within the mesoporous framework of the aerogel powders.
Ag0–Ginger Nanocomposites Integrated into Natural Hydrogelated Matrices Used as Antimicrobial Delivery Systems Deposited on Cellulose Fabrics
Authors: Raduly Florentina Monica , Raditoiu Valentin , Raditoiu Alina , Grapin Maria , Constantin Mariana , Răut Iuliana , Nicolae Cristian Andi , Frone Adriana Nicoleta
Published: January 2024

In the textile, medical, and food industries, many of the applications have targeted the use of textile fabrics with antimicrobial properties. Obtaining eco-friendly coatings is of wide interest, especially for applications related to wound dressing or to food packaging. In order to obtain coatings with antimicrobial properties through environmentally friendly methods, a series of experiments were carried out on the use of natural polymers loaded with silver nanoparticles. In this study, coatings with antimicrobial properties were obtained by depositing natural composites based on rice flour, carob flour, or alginate on cotton fabrics. These antimicrobial coatings were multicomponent systems, in which the host matrix was generated via hydration of natural polymers. The nanocomposite obtained from the phytosynthesis of silver particles in ginger extract was embedded in hydrogel matrices. The multicomponent gels obtained by embedding silver nanoparticles in natural polymer matrices were deposited on cotton fabric and were studied in relation to nanoparticles and the type of host matrix, and the antimicrobial activity was evaluated. Fabrics coated with such systems provide a hydrophilic surface with antimicrobial properties and can therefore be used in various areas where textiles provide antibacterial protection.
Progressive Myoclonus Epilepsy: A Scoping Review of Diagnostic, Phenotypic and Therapeutic Advances
Authors: Zimmern Vincent , Minassian Berge
Published: January 2024

The progressive myoclonus epilepsies (PME) are a diverse group of disorders that feature both myoclonus and seizures that worsen gradually over a variable timeframe. While each of the disorders is individually rare, they collectively make up a non-trivial portion of the complex epilepsy and myoclonus cases that are seen in tertiary care centers. The last decade has seen substantial progress in our understanding of the pathophysiology, diagnosis, prognosis, and, in select disorders, therapies of these diseases. In this scoping review, we examine English language publications from the past decade that address diagnostic, phenotypic, and therapeutic advances in all PMEs. We then highlight the major lessons that have been learned and point out avenues for future investigation that seem promising.
Biomarker RIPK3 Is Silenced by Hypermethylation in Melanoma and Epigenetic Editing Reestablishes Its Tumor Suppressor Function
Authors: Arroyo Villora Sarah , Castellanos Silva Paula , Zenz Tamara , Kwon Ji Sun , Schlaudraff Nico , Nitaj Dafina , Meckbach Cornelia , Dammann Reinhard , Richter Antje M.
Published: January 2024

For several decades, cancers have demonstrably been one of the most frequent causes of death worldwide. In addition to genetic causes, cancer can also be caused by epigenetic gene modifications. Frequently, tumor suppressor genes are epigenetically inactivated due to hypermethylation of their CpG islands, actively contributing to tumorigenesis. Since CpG islands are usually localized near promoters, hypermethylation of the promoter can have a major impact on gene expression. In this study, the potential tumor suppressor gene Receptor Interacting Serine/Threonine Protein Kinase 3 (RIPK3) was examined for an epigenetic regulation and its gene inactivation in melanomas. A hypermethylation of the RIPK3 CpG island was detected by bisulfite pyrosequencing and was accompanied by a correlated loss of its expression. In addition, an increasing RIPK3 methylation rate was observed with increasing tumor stage of melanomas. For further epigenetic characterization of RIPK3, epigenetic modulation was performed using a modified CRISPR/dCas9 (CRISPRa activation) system targeting its DNA hypermethylation. We observed a reduced fitness of melanoma cells by (re-)expression and demethylation of the RIPK3 gene using the epigenetic editing-based method. The tumor suppressive function of RIPK3 was evident by phenotypic determination using fluorescence microscopy, flow cytometry and wound healing assay. Our data highlight the function of RIPK3 as an epigenetically regulated tumor suppressor in melanoma, allowing it to be classified as a biomarker.
Muscle Fiber Characteristics and Transcriptome Analysis in Slow- and Fast-Growing Megalobrama amblycephala
Authors: Zou Xue , Liu Qi , Guan Qianqian , Zhao Ming , Zhu Xin , Pan Yaxiong , Liu Lusha , Gao Zexia
Published: January 2024

Growth is an important trait in aquaculture that is influenced by various factors, among which genetic regulation plays a crucial role. Megalobrama amblycephala, one of the most important freshwater species in China, exhibits wide variations in body mass among individuals of the same age within the same pool. But the molecular mechanisms underlying wide variation in body mass remain unclear. Here, we performed muscle histological and transcriptome analysis of muscle tissues from Fast-Growing (FG) and Slow-Growing (SG) M. amblycephala at the age of 4 months old (4 mo) and 10 months old (10 mo) to elucidate its muscle development and growth mechanism. The muscle histological analysis showed smaller diameter and higher total number of muscle fibers in FG compared to SG at 4 mo, while larger diameter and total number of muscle fibers were detected in FG at 10 mo. The transcriptome analysis of muscle tissue detected 1171 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between FG and SG at 4 mo, and 718 DEGs between FG and SG at 10 mo. Furthermore, 44 DEGs were consistently up-regulated in FG at both 4 mo and 10 mo. Up-regulated DEGs in FG at 4 mo were mainly enriched in the pathways related to cell proliferation, while down-regulated DEGs were significantly enriched in cell fusion and muscle contraction. Up-regulated DEGs in FG at 10 mo were mainly enriched in the pathways related to cell proliferation and protein synthesis. Therefore, these results provide novel insights into the molecular mechanism of M. amblycephala muscle growth at different stages, and will be of great guiding significance to promote the fast growth of M. amblycephala.
A Hospital Medical Record Quality Scoring Tool (MeReQ): Development, Validation, and Results of a Pilot Study
Authors: Torsello Alessandra , Aromatario Mariarosaria , Scopetti Matteo , Bianco Lavinia , Oliva Stefania , D’Errico Stefano , Napoli Christian
Published: January 2024

Hospital medical records are valuable and cost-effective documents for assessing the quality of healthcare provided to patients by a healthcare facility during hospitalization. However, there is a lack of internationally validated tools that measure the quality of the whole hospital medical record in terms of both form and content. In this study, we developed and validated a tool, named MeReQ (medical record quality) tool, which quantifies the quality of the hospital medical record and enables statistical modeling using the data obtained. The tool was applied to evaluate a sample of hospital individual patient medical records from a secondary referral hospital and to identify the departments that require quality improvement interventions and the effects of improvement actions already implemented.
Lower Jaw Full-Arch Restoration: A Completely Digital Approach to Immediate Load
Authors: Todaro Claudia , Cerri Michael , Rodriguez y Baena Ruggero , Lupi Saturnino Marco
Published: January 2024

The digital transformation has revolutionized various sectors, including dentistry. Dentistry has emerged as a pioneer in embracing digital technologies, leading to advancements in surgical and prosthetic oral healthcare. Immediate loading for full-arch edentulous dental implants, once debated, is now widely accepted. This case report describes a 74-year-old patient with dental mobility and significant bone loss who was rehabilitated using a Toronto Bridge protocol on four dental implants with immediate loading. Digital planning, surgical guides, 3D printing, and precision techniques were employed. The surgery involved implant placement and prosthetic procedures. The patient reported minimal post-operative discomfort, and after four months, the definitive prosthesis was successfully placed. This case demonstrates the efficacy of immediate loading in complex dental scenarios with digital innovation, resulting in improved patient outcomes. The full digital workflow, including 3D printing and the use of modern materials, enhances the efficiency and predictability of oral rehabilitation, marking a transformative era in dental care. The integration of digital technology in all phases of treatment, from diagnosis to finalization, makes this approach safer, reliable, and efficient, thereby benefiting both patients and clinicians.
The Value of the COVID-19 Yorkshire Rehabilitation Scale in the Assessment of Post-COVID among Residents of Long-Term Care Facilities
Authors: Goździewicz Łukasz , Tobis Sławomir , Chojnicki Michał , Wieczorowska-Tobis Katarzyna , Neumann-Podczaska Agnieszka
Published: January 2024

The COVID-19 Yorkshire Rehabilitation Scale (C19-YRS) is a patient-reported outcome measure designed to assess the long-term effects of COVID-19. The scale was validated and is commonly used in the general population. In this study, we assess the utility of the C19-YRS in evaluating the post-COVID burden among residents of long-term care facilities with a mean age of 79. C19-YRS and Barthel index evaluations were performed among 144 residents of long-term care facilities reporting new or worsened symptoms or functioning three months after convalescence from COVID-19. The C19-YRS-based screening showed that 70.9% of COVID-19 convalescents had ≥1 complaint three months after recovery. The highest C19-YRS-scored symptoms (indicating a higher burden) were breathlessness, fatigue, and cognitive and continence problems; however, symptomatology was very heterogeneous, revealing a high complexity of the disease in older persons. The mean total C19-YRS score was higher in hospitalized patients (n = 78) than in the outpatient group (n = 66) (p = 0.02). The functioning subscale of the C19-YRS strongly correlated with the Barthel index, with r = −0.8001 (p < 0.0001). A moderately strong correlation existed between retrospectively reported C19-YRS-based functioning and the Barthel index score reported before illness (r = 0.7783, p < 0.0001). The C19-YRS is instrumental in evaluating the consequences of COVID-19 among long-term-care residents. The assessment allows for a broad understanding of rehabilitation needs.
Third-Generation Antipsychotics and Lurasidone in the Treatment of Substance-Induced Psychoses: A Narrative Review
Authors: Ricci Valerio , De Berardis Domenico , Maina Giuseppe
Published: January 2024

This narrative review explores the efficacy and tolerability of third-generation antipsychotics (TGAs)—aripiprazole, cariprazine, brexpiprazole, and lurasidone—for the management of substance-induced psychosis (SIP). SIP is a psychiatric condition triggered by substance misuse or withdrawal, characterized by unique features distinct from those of primary psychotic disorders. These distinctive features include a heightened prevalence of positive symptoms, such as hallucinations and delusions, in addition to a spectrum of mood and cognitive disturbances. This review comprehensively investigates various substances, such as cannabinoids, cocaine, amphetamines, and LSD, which exhibit a greater propensity for inducing psychosis. TGAs exhibit substantial promise in addressing both psychotic symptoms and issues related to substance misuse. This review elucidates the distinctive pharmacological properties of each TGA, their intricate interactions with neurotransmitters, and their potential utility in the treatment of SIP. We advocate for further research to delineate the long-term effects of TGAs in this context and underscore the necessity for adopting an integrated approach that combines pharmacological and psychological interventions. Our findings underscore the intricate and multifaceted nature of treating SIP, highlighting the potential role of TGAs within therapeutic strategies.
Meteorological Signal on Hydrodynamics in the Ilha Grande and Sepetiba Bays: Lag Effects and Coastal Currents
Authors: Pereira Nair Emmanuela da Silveira , Vinzón Susana Beatriz , Gallo Marcos Nicolás , Gabioux Mariela
Published: January 2024

On the southeastern coast of Brazil, the bays of Ilha Grande and Sepetiba are linked by the Ilha Grande Channel, where remarkably strong currents have been consistently observed. Tidal forces cannot explain the strength of these currents. Previous researchers have focused on investigating factors like baroclinic effects due to salinity differences or seiches between two basins without a conclusive answer. This study aims to elucidate the role of remote meteorological effects within this complex hydrodynamic system. A numerical approach with a coastal model nested within an ocean model was employed, enabling an in-depth examination of the intricate interplay between meteorological and tidal forcings. The study revealed a significant finding: the lag in signal propagation plays a pivotal role in determining how these signals impact the dynamics of the bays. The astronomical signal exhibits a minimal lag along the coast (1 min) and leads to water level differences between the sea and the coastline, resulting in the generation of tidal currents at the bay entrances. On the other hand, the remote meteorological signal, with a stronger signal lag along the coast (4.92 h), leads to the creation of a water level difference between the bay entrances, inducing significant fluxes along the narrow Ilha Grande Channel.
A 16-Year Chronicle of Developing a Healthy Workplace Participatory Program for Total Worker Health® in the Connecticut Department of Correction: The Health Improvement through Employee Control (HITEC) Program
Authors: Cherniack Martin , Namazi Sara , Brennan Matthew , Henning Robert , Dugan Alicia , El Ghaziri Mazen
Published: January 2024

Health Improvement Through Employee Control (HITEC) is a 16-year program directed toward the health of corrections personnel and developed through the application of the principles of Participatory Action Research (PAR) and participatory ergonomics. Its impetus has always been the adverse health status of the corrections workforce: early mortality, depression, obesity, and hypertension. The HITEC program trained small “Design Teams” (DTs) of front-line personnel in participatory methods for intervention design for health improvement and organizational change in line with the Total Worker Health® principles. Periodic surveys and physical testing were introduced for longitudinal assessments. Comparative interventions at comparable sites included DTs without a priori assignation, problem-focused kaizen effectiveness teams (KETs), and bargaining unit-centered DTs. DT resilience and the replacement of members who transferred facilities or retired was aided by novel cooperative administrative structures. DT-generated interventions included stress lounges, changes in critical event report writing, a joint program with trained inmates to improve air quality, and training in staff mental health and sleep behavior. A specialized peer-to-peer Health Mentoring Program (HMP) paired new officers with trained peers. Many interventions and program features were institutionalized, thus improving prospects for self-supporting program longevity. Participatory interventions designed and supported by the corrections workforce were found to be both feasible and exceptionally effective.