bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Performing Authorship in the Music of Contemporary Singer-Songwriters
Authors:   , Lipscombe Ailsa
Published: November 2021

This thesis explores the dynamic and oftentimes puzzling relationship between singer, song, and listener in the music of contemporary singer-songwriters. I argue that this relationship is simultaneously understood through and confused by the use of indeterminate pronouns in song lyrics. The crossing over of language from speech to song leads to a multiplicity of “readings” of music and artists, where the “I” of the song’s narrator is elided with the “I” of the composer and the “I” of the performer. In this research I highlight the importance of listener experience in the ways these “I”s are contextualized and examined, shedding light on the dynamic and varied ways listeners are already engaging with this music. I also explore how these understandings ultimately impact listeners’ broader perceptions of the often-gendered values of emotional honesty and truthfulness of singer-songwriters.  This research brings together original ethnographic research and theoretical explorations of musical and literary authorship and interpretation, focusing on the creative work of three singer-songwriters – Amanda Palmer, Hera Hjartardóttir, and Katie Morton. By drawing on these diverse research areas and musical repertoires, I propose an interdisciplinary model that highlights the active role listeners play in the creation (or discovery) of musical meaning. My hope is that this thesis opens up a space for future discussions to take place that examine the many layers of live performance that impact and inform interpretations of narrative, while also giving a voice to the listeners and fans whose engagement forms a crucial element of these singer-songwriter performances.
Leadership pathways for local women: Case studies of three communes in Cambodia
Authors:   , Ly Tem
Published: November 2021

Women in leadership are necessary for the development of Cambodia. Their involvement in leadership roles in the public sphere and politics is crucial and has been shown to impact positively on poverty reduction. Governments, NGOs and international organizations have been increasingly aware that development is significantly linked to gender. It is noted that sustainable development should focus on gender equality and that women’s empowerment is a key factor in ending extreme poverty. Thus, a developing country like Cambodia should aim to empower women at the grassroots level. This study aims to facilitate how this may be achieved.  The lack of representation of women in local politics in Cambodia has recently been considered as a problem which can slow the progress of local development. This study uses case studies to understand the complexity of some women’s real-life situations (life experience, behaviours, and emotions) and to explore the patterns of women becoming leaders at local levels. Three communes in the North-Eastern provinces, Kampong Cham, Kratie and Steung Treng provide the empirical base of the study. The study poses three main research questions: firstly, what type of work, personal characteristics and resources influence women to become local leaders? Secondly, what experiences do female local leaders have? Lastly, what can be learned from women’s backgrounds and experiences to assist in the formation of a practical leadership model to help guide other women aspiring to be local leaders? In answering this last research question, the study concludes by offering a practical leadership model that is intended to help increase women’s participation in local politics.  This study found that to achieve leadership, women need to build up their local work experience. Secondly, certain personal characteristics need to be developed, including a minimum education level, personal drive, confidence, gentleness, softness, integrity and friendliness. These internal factors gain people’s trust, acknowledgement and support. Lastly, women need the continuing support of government, NGOs, family, villagers and others, including political parties. Greater opportunities for women to get involved in local politics will enable them to have access to local work experience, so they can build their own capacity, and enrich their education. The findings will assist organisations and women to plan for leadership and to create and make the most of opportunities.
Cluster verification for listening learner strategies
Authors:   , Dobbie Stacey
Published: November 2021

This thesis presents a comparison of statistical methodologies for cluster verification on ordinal response variables. Methodologies will be applied to a Listening Strategy dataset collected by the Language Learner Strategies research team at the National Institute of Education in Singapore. From this listening dataset, eight clusters suggested by Linguistics theory require verification. The methodologies undertaken is to find which listening strategies have been formed well.  Methods used includes the proportional odds model, confirmatory factor analysis and ordinal agreement model. The proportional odds model is used to establish how well each cluster of questions is built. This is established by checking how similar questions within clusters are. The confirmatory factor analysis is used to verify how well the overall listening clusters have been built. This will be compared to clusters proposed by a statistical method. Lastly, the ordinal agreement model is applied to see how much agreement there is within each of the listening clusters. This will be able to show us which clusters is built better than the other clusters for this listening questionnaire.  Results show that the prediction listening strategy has the highest level of agreement as well as no difference between questions within this cluster. The Socio-affective listening strategy has the lowest level of agreement and very strong evidence of a difference between questions within the cluster. This suggests that the prediction cluster has been formed better than the Socio-affective cluster.
Life in this Fat Body: Exploring the multiple realities of fat embodiment
Authors:   , Hancock Tayla
Published: November 2021

This thesis is an anthropological enquiry of the fat body. It explores the narratives of eleven individuals in New Zealand and Australia who are fat, or who have experienced life as a fat person. In the midst of an ‘obesity epidemic’, biomedical narratives dominate public understandings of ‘obesity’ and present fat individuals as a picture of poor-health, as lazy and morally irresponsible. This discourse dominates current discussions of ‘obesity’ to the extent that narratives engaging with lived experiences of the fat body are frequently excluded from public discussion and popular thought. Using Annemarie Mol’s (2002) claim that reality is multiple, this thesis challenges this dominant discourse through a combination of personal narrative and photography. Participants were asked to take photographs and provide images that represent their experience of fat. Using their stories, I argue that understanding fat bodies is best explored through participants’ narratives of the multiple bodies they occupy and experience. My findings are used to challenge current representations of fat bodies in western society as I explore the multiple ways in which fat bodies are experienced, felt and negotiated. This thesis reveals that there are diverse types of bodies that emerge in different ethnographic moments, settings and relationships and these are political, social and embodied.
Vote for justice: Should New Zealand Consider Binding Citizen-Initiated Referenda on Law and Order Policy?
Authors:   , Oosterhoff Lidewij
Published: November 2021

This paper examines the origins, benefits and pitfalls of the Citizen Initiated Referenda Act 1993, focusing on the non-binding justice-based referendum question put to the public in 1999. Citizen Initiated Referenda find their roots within the ideas of public participation in government, or direct democracy. This paper examines the philosophical and political theories – both in favour and against direct democracy – in order to canvas opinions relating to political participation. This is used as a basis to assess whether New Zealand should consider holding binding referenda on criminal justice related issues.
Compatibilist Theories of Moral Responsibility and History: A Defence of Non-historical Compatibilism
Authors:   , O'Leary Matthew
Published: November 2021

In the recent philosophical literature, a debate has emerged between compatibilists over the nature of moral responsibility. Though they agree that agents need to exercise control over their actions to be morally responsible for them, some compatibilists have argued that history is a necessary component of moral responsibility. That is, historical compatibilists believe that an agent needs to have the right kind of history leading up to an action for that action to authentically belong to an agent. In this thesis, I will address the important arguments for historical compatibilism and argue that the position is incorrect. The position I will defend holds that exercising control over your actions is necessary and sufficient for moral responsibility and that considerations of history are not necessary. The position I defend is referred to as ‘non-historical compatibilism.’
The influence of corporate social responsibility on an employee's sense of belonging
Authors:   , Weerasundara Nathalie
Published: November 2021

Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) has increasingly become identified as a societal expectation of companies around the world. The concept has not only risen in significance, but its impacts and potential benefits have become widely recognised by the organisational literature as well as managers. As a result, the influence of CSR practices have been discussed in regards to the numerous stakeholders that hold a vested interest in a company. However, the literature has been predominantly focused on the influence of CSR on external stakeholders such as: shareholders, customers, Non-Governmental Organisations (NGOs) and the general public. As such, the attention attributed to the internal stakeholder group of employees, has been relatively underdeveloped. While focus on this area has begun to emerge throughout the literature, there continues to be a lack of attention given to the effects of CSR on an individual’s sense of belonging within the organisation. As a result, there is a lack of understanding on the nature and extent of this relationship within the existing literature.  This qualitative, interview-based study of fourteen respondents, presents results that provide a greater understanding of the relationship between CSR and an individual employee’s sense of belonging. The results uncover the consequences of an organisation’s CSR initiatives on its employees and discusses its influence over fostering a sense of belonging. The findings illustrate that significant impacts upon an employee’s sense of belonging include generating a sense of pride in the organisation, promoting bottom-up, employee-driven initiatives and establishing social relationships amongst colleagues. The findings also recognise the similarly unexplored potential for this influence on employee belonging to be negatively perceived should the value of CSR be overleveraged with external stakeholders. The development of a framework to present the linkages and interconnections between these ideas are able to generate greater understanding of the relationship.  The research concludes with practical implications for organisational management to recognise the influence and power to benefit its employees, and ultimately the wider entity, through the implementation of CSR. For a business strategy whose primary implications are concerned with the influence on external stakeholders, this study provides deeper understanding of the unexplored relationship between CSR policies and its influence over an individual employees sense of belonging.
How do Vietnamese policies designed to protect the rights of migrant worker need to be changed to enhance their effectiveness?
Authors:   , Nguyễn Phương Trang
Published: November 2021

The thesis focuses on analysing the Vietnam‟s responsibilities as a worker - sending country (sending country) in protecting the rights of its migrant workers in accordance with international conventions adopted by the United Nations and the International Labour Organisation. The conventions used in the thesis to build up the analytical framework are: C097 - Migration for Employment Convention (Revised), 1949 (No. 97), C143 - Migrant Workers (Supplementary Provisions) Convention, 1975 (No. 143) and International Convention on the Protection of the Rights of All Migrant Workers and Members of Their Families.  This thesis evaluates the policies of protecting Vietnamese workers working overseas since 1980. Accordingly, it presents an analysis of Vietnam‟s policies on labour migration by putting Vietnam‟s laws in comparison with international conventions. The thesis indicates that although Vietnam has not ratified relevant international conventions to protect the rights of migrant workers, its national policies, legal system and practices have gradually approached these requirements in accordance with the actual situation of the country. In addition to the achievements of the policies, the thesis also pinpoints constraints in the police and the reasons for those constraints through an analysis of the policy implementation process. Thereby, the thesis suggests several implications to improve relevant policies and practices in Vietnam to better protect the rights of its migrant workers.
Emotion Regulation and Vulnerability to Depression: A Longitudinal Test of the Diathesis-Stress Model
Authors:   , Tooley Michael Douglas
Published: November 2021

Maladaptive emotion regulation is an established vulnerability marker for depression. Within a diathesis-stress framework individual differences in emotion regulation constitute sensitivity to stress, such that people who are less able to effectively regulate their emotions are more likely to become depressed when stress is encountered. Markers of maladaptive emotion regulation have been examined from affective, neurological, and cognitive perspectives and, for the most part, have been examined in independent lines of research. As such, the independent and interactive contributions of maladaptive emotion regulation markers are still unknown. The current thesis addresses this gap with a longitudinal study. Emotion regulation markers and depression were assessed at the outset of the study (time one) then life stress and depression were measured three months (time two) and twelve months (time three) later. Three trait measures of emotion regulation were assessed: spontaneous emotion regulation (as indexed by startle reactivity following negative images), frontal and parietal resting EEG asymmetries, and brooding rumination. All emotion regulation markers were found to be independent markers of vulnerability to depression. The emotion regulation markers measured at time one were then tested within a diathesis stress framework to predict stress sensitivity at time two. Poorer online regulation interacted with life stress to predict depression. That is, poor online regulators were sensitive to stress at three months, whereas good online regulators were not. Stress sensitivity was tested again at time three, twelve months after the initial assessment. At this time point frontal asymmetry, parietal asymmetry and life stress interacted to predict depression. When right parietal activity was low, rightward frontal asymmetries showed more sensitivity to stress. However, people with leftward asymmetries showed less stress sensitivity. Brooding predicted depression at three months but not at twelve months and did not interact with stress at either time point. The findings of this thesis show that, within the diathesis-stress framework, online regulation measures indicate short-term sensitivity to stress; however, EEG asymmetry measures show sensitivity to stress in the longer term.
Architecture, Affect and Architectural Practice
Authors:   , Kidd-Nakai Akari
Published: November 2021

This thesis builds on and contributes to work in theories of affect that has risen within diverse fields, including geography, cultural studies, media studies and feminist writings, challenging the nature of textual and representational-based research. Although numerous studies have examined how affect emerges in- and through- the occupation of architectural spaces, little analytical attention has been paid to the creative process of design and the role that affect plays in the many contingencies and uncertainties that arise in the process. In this context, the question that this thesis explores is what architectural and theoretical relations can be drawn out when architectural practices are viewed through the lens of affect. Such inquiry is critical to allow practices of architecture to be seen not through defined patterns or contained agenda’s but rather through intensities and forces between bodies (both human and non-human); it is to discover practice as sites of potential - and in doing so to address the usefulness of affect to be applied to more grounded empirical fields. In order to explore the above question, the study is based on a qualitative research methodology, including interviewing; writing of observational notes; visiting the architectural offices as well as the projects, where possible/appropriate; and collection of key documents, architectural drawings, and images relating to the design project discussed. This thesis begins with a review of current critical thinking of affect. Its focus is upon how these renderings present particular links between affect, body and space. Further, the thesis considers a range of ideas from architectural scholars and geographers attempting to identify connections between architecture, affect and architectural practice, through notions of affective mediation, tinkering, and stuttering. The thesis then moves forward to present an in-depth case study of three architectural practices, RUR Architecture PC, Kerstin Thompson Architects and Shigeru Ban Architects, with specific architectural projects, in order to evaluate how affect is a significant element in the design process for emergent practices of architecture. Ultimately, this thesis argues how architectural practice may extend theories of affect, particularly broadening Sara Ahmed’s notion of ‘sticky affects’ within the context of architecture, through sticky images, sticky processes and sticky objects, respectively to each case study. Importantly, the thesis engages with the often mundane but highly creative aspect of design processes, not so much in terms of the results, or impact, of affect in the final architectural space, but in terms of how design processes consist of stuttering’s where affect can bring bodies together through affective stickiness. The thesis offers an alternative and extended model for the study of how affect plays itself out in the dynamic relationships between different bodies, happenings and relations in practices of architecture.
Intergenerational Mobility of Earnings and Income among Sons and Daughters in Vietnam
Authors:   , Dang Thang
Published: November 2021

In this thesis, I investigate intergenerational mobility of earnings and income among sons and daughters in Vietnam. In particular, my objective is to estimate intergenerational elasticity (IGE) of sons’ and daughters’ individual earnings, individual income, and family income with respective to father’s individual earnings. The two-sample two-stage least squares (TS2SLS) estimation is employed to achieve the research objective using two primary samples of father-son pairs and father-daughter pairs from Vietnam Household Living Standard Surveys (VHLSS) of 2012 and one secondary sample from Vietnam Living Standard Surveys (VLSS) of 1997-98. My results show that the baseline IGE estimates of Vietnamese sons are 0.361, 0.394 and 0.567 for individual earnings, individual income, and family income, respectively. For Vietnamese daughters, the baseline IGE estimates are 0.284, 0.333 and 0.522 for individual earnings, individual income, and family income, respectively. These IGE estimates explicitly reveal that Vietnam has the intermediate degrees of individual earnings and individual income mobility, and the low degree of family income mobility cross generations for both sons and daughters by the international comparison.
Aztecs at Our Place: Meaning-making in an international touring exhibition
Authors:   , Meads Alice
Published: November 2021

While it is claimed that international touring exhibitions are highly valuable in terms of promoting intercultural understanding, there is little empirical evidence to support this claim. In particular, there is a lack of visitor research on the subject. “Aztecs at Our Place” addresses this current lack of knowledge by seeking to provide an insight into the impact of touring exhibitions on their audiences. It examines the ways visitors to the exhibition Aztecs: Conquest and glory built impressions and “made meaning” about an unfamiliar culture. The exhibition was on display at the Museum of New Zealand Te Papa Tongarewa (Te Papa) from 28 September 2013 to 9 February 2014. It was developed by Te Papa in partnership with the Instituto Nacional de Antropologia e Historia in Mexico, and the Australian Museum and Museum Victoria. From Te Papa, the exhibition travelled to Melbourne Museum and then the Australian Museum in Sydney. This dissertation studies the visitor experience at Te Papa only but forms part of a broader study which examines two exhibitions across several international venues.  “Aztecs at Our Place” draws on recent theoretical and methodological developments in the field of visitor studies including visitor meaning-making, narrative-based methods and long-term visitor insights. The study employed a qualitative research methodology, centering on narrative-based interviews with twenty-three visitors to the exhibition. Follow-up interviews were conducted with eleven of the original participants in order to determine visitors’ lasting impressions of the exhibition. The findings reveal how participants’ impressions of Aztec culture were informed by different aspects of the exhibition. Information and objects relating to everyday life were essential for creating a broader, more sympathetic understanding of Aztec culture beyond human sacrifice. The research also demonstrates that cultural comparisons, objects and emotions including empathy helped participants gain an appreciation for the Aztec way of life, in conjunction with aspects of participants’ identity.   The findings shed new light on the way visitors “connect” to another culture through experiencing an international touring exhibition. Considering that cultural diplomacy is reportedly growing in importance, this research has implications for museum professionals seeking to promote intercultural understanding through an exhibition.
Malcontents and Monopoly Rents: An Analysis of the Nature and Quality of Discourse Around, and the Drivers of, Policy Change in the New Zealand Electricity Sector
Authors:   , Wilson Daniel
Published: November 2021

New Zealand’s electricity sector has undergone considerable change in the three decades to 2015. Those changes are part of a broader shift within the political landscape, from state intervention to market dominance and the view of individuals as consumers. An ill-fated policy proposal in 2013 called NZ Power sought to reduce electricity prices, and implement structural reform that would reverse decades of change within the sector.  This thesis examines the context in which the reforms to the sector occurred so as to understand better why some policies are successfully implemented and other proposals fail. Specifically, this thesis examines the triumvirate of principal goals the sector has sought to achieve, and the political discourse around them: security of supply, economically efficient prices, and minimising environmental damage. From these insights, a framework is constructed against which future policies can be assessed as to the likelihood of their successful implementation.
On the Line - Revitalising Place Identity: A Case Study in Balintore, Scotland
Authors:   , Budge Robert
Published: November 2021

Once proud fishing villages in the North of Scotland used to be lively and industrious gateways to the ocean for much of the country’s population. Modernisation and industrialisation of the fishing industry has seen a depletion of not only fishing stock but also a sense of identity that accompanied these historic coastal settlements (Scottish Government “Socio-Economic Briefing on Rural Scotland”). Balintore is a powerful example of this issue, where an ageing population has a disconnection from their distinct cultural identity (Brookfield 6). The settlement now has less than one percent of its population employed in the fishing industry (Streetcheck).  This thesis will explore how identity can be revitalised with reference to the fishing industry and grounded with the unique characteristics of Balintore, such as landscape types, cultural tradition, climate conditions and architecture. An aquaculural insertion to the site will act as a driver to feasibly revitalise the struggling economy and allow explorations into how an experience with the product can create place identity, alluding to fishing industry history. The experience of place aims to portray unique characteristics of the site, cultural traditions and an engagement with the product which associates a contextual relationship between the two.   The landscape of Scotland is intrinsically tied to the cultural identity and therefore the sense of place which people possess (Robertson 154). The fact that the identity in question is fundamentally based on a spatial relation, despite having cultural, social and economic factors, allows landscape architecture to act as a useful framework in exploring possible scenarios. This thesis will seek to once again provide an integral bond between the people and their environment which can foster a revitalised place attachment, one which will transcend generations and provide a sustainable sense of place in Scotland’s future.
Family members’ experiences of caring for a person with dementia at end-of-life
Authors:   , Nunns Lucy Hester
Published: November 2021

Dementia is now recognised as a progressive terminal illness causing significant health-care needs for people with dementia and challenges to their family member caregivers. The purpose of this study was to understand the lived experience of family member caregivers of people with dementia at end-of-life. The research was conducted using a phenomenological approach and data were analysed using Colaizzi’s framework. Five family members were interviewed about their experiences of caregiving for six people with dementia. Four themes were revealed. These were: ‘Being at the Coalface’ with subthemes of overload, and experiencing guilt, shame and resentment; ‘Moving Heaven and Earth’ with subthemes of love and preserving dignity; ‘Facing the Change’ with subthemes of loss of the person, living arrangement transitions, and one dimensional conversations; and the fourth theme was ‘Finding the Answers’ with subthemes of diagnosis and preparedness. All the themes are closely interrelated and throughout all of the participants’ narratives, ‘love’ was the one constant that wove the themes together. This study gives voice to the inner experiences of the family caregivers who were supporting people with dementia in New Zealand. The findings of this study have elucidated many implications for practice and areas for innovation in supporting family member caregivers of people with dementia. This study has identified that the areas in most need of improvement are timely diagnosis, access to wrap-around support services, advance care planning opportunities and optimal care at end-of-life.
SubUrban Dream: Reinterpreting the suburban dream in Auckland's medium density housing
Authors:   , Read Henry
Published: November 2021

The suburban dream has defined the Kiwi lifestyle since early European settlement. However, New Zealand’s growing cities are making this form of living increasingly unobtainable.   The Auckland City Plan is aiming to create the world’s most liveable city. To achieve this, their Unitary Plan has proposed accommodating up to 70% of population growth within existing urban limits. A large proportion of new density is to be achieved through medium-density housing around existing suburban centres. However, current medium-density housing typologies fail to support the kiwi lifestyle. The combination of high growth and revision of Auckland’s new development strategy has created an opportunity to explore how medium-density housing can be reinvented to appeal to the kiwi lifestyle.  This thesis proposes an approach to suburban intensification which can achieve Auckland’s required density, as well as the ideals of New Zealand’s preferred suburban dream.  Initial explorations highlight three key ideals from the suburban dream; independence, expansiveness, and community. These ideals are compromised in current medium-density housing, and form key criteria for architectural critique throughout this research.  The work of Atelier Bow-Wow and their theory of behaviourology highlighted the need for a human dimension within architecture, and informed a methodology to drive individuality of dwellings throughout the design investigations. An iterative design methodology explored how the relationships between, and configuration of dwellings could efficiently utilise both ground and vertical conditions to strengthen the key suburban ideals. Further investigations explored how architectural elements could generate gradients of privacy, to reduce the distance required between dwellings. The expansive suburban yard was used to test how shared space could be articulated, and how its relationship to the dwelling can reinforce all suburban ideals. The final stage of the design extended the scope of the investigation to the surrounding context, highlighting significant findings and further opportunities for development.  Overall, the research suggests a methodology for designing medium-density housing which not only achieves ideals of the suburban dream, but demonstrates that medium-density housing can provide a lifestyle which addresses and exceeds suburban expectations.
E-campaigning: An Empirical Study of the Utilisation of ICTs for Election Campaigning in the 2008 New Zealand General Election
Authors:   , Gong Xiaoyi
Published: November 2021

E-campaigning refers to the utilisation of information and communication technologies (ICTs), predominantly the Internet, and related applications for election campaigning. At present, scholarly research in this social phenomenon chiefly focuses on how e-campaigning is utilised by political parties or candidates. Also, there is growing research interest in factors that influence e-campaigning utilisation. However, political parties’ or candidates’ e-campaigning utilisation is largely unexplored and unexplained. This is attributable to several factors, notably, restricted access to the phenomenon, the narrow and geographical concentration of existing e-campaigning research, the accessibility of political parties’ or candidates’ campaign teams as research participants, and a dearth of multidisciplinary research. To that end, this study empirically explores and explains e-campaigning utilisation with a multidisciplinary, multiple-case research approach. Further, this study is situated in the 2008 New Zealand general election, involving six of eight parliamentary parties. Based on existing e-campaigning research, this study proposes a new theoretical framework to understand, describe, and compare e-campaigning utilisation. This e-campaigning framework has been empirically applied. Notably, the findings suggest that political parties’ e-campaigning utilisation varied markedly beyond information dissemination; although social media was introduced in most parties’ e-campaigning, its interactive nature was barely exploited; and innovative e-campaigning appeared to be the exception rather than the norm. From political science and information systems literature, this study identifies ten factors, encompassing both external and internal aspects as well as various perspectives, to explain e-campaigning utilisation. The findings suggest that those factors in general are empirically relevant, accurate, and adequate. This study concludes that e-campaigning is a complex, contextual, diverse, and dynamic phenomenon. As such, it is difficult, if not impossible, to generalise or predict e-campaigning utilisation; also, a multidisciplinary approach is pivotal to investigating the phenomenon.
In situ cosmogenic ¹⁰Be in pyroxene with an application to surface exposure dating
Authors:   , Collins Julia Anne
Published: November 2021

Cosmogenic nuclides are an important tool in quantifying many Earth-surface processes. Beryllium-10 (¹⁰Be) is commonly extracted out of the mineral quartz; however many landscapes lack quartz bearing rocks. In order to establish a new chronometer based on ¹⁰Be in pyroxene for use in New Zealand and Antarctica, it is necessary to verify cleaning protocols and determine a local production rate. In this study, I have tested and modified an existing pyroxene decontamination procedure in order to further develop the use of ¹⁰Be in pyroxene as a chronometer. This method successfully removes the meteoric component of ¹⁰Be in pyroxene, allowing only the concentration of in situ produced ¹⁰Be to be measured. Additionally, production rates for ¹⁰Be in pyroxene have been determined empirically for New Zealand using cross-calibration with measured ³He concentrations and an independent radiocarbon age of the Murimotu debris avalanche in the central North Island, New Zealand of 10.6 ± 1.1 ka. Theoretical ¹⁰Be pyroxene production rates were also determined, based on the composition of the Murimotu pyroxene. The best estimate for the 10Be pyroxene production rate is 3.4 ± 0.8 atoms g⁻¹ yr⁻¹ at sea-level high latitude, which was determined via cross-calibration with the radiocarbon age for the deposit. This work shows that production rates for ¹⁰Be in pyroxene are both empirically and theoretically 8-27% lower than in quartz. The ³He/¹⁰Be ratio in the Murimotu pyroxene is 34.5 ± 9.9; this is indistinguishable from global ³He-pyroxene/¹⁰Be-quartz production ratios.  In a case study surface exposure ages were determined for bedrock samples and cobble erratics collected in a vertical transect on Mount Gran, Antarctica, by applying the aforementioned ¹⁰Be pyroxene decontamination procedure and radiocarbon derived production rates. A chronology for ice surface lowering was obtained for the adjacent Mackay Glacier, indicating the ice surface lowered approximately 60 m during a relatively rapid episode of thinning which occurred between ~13.5 ka and 11 ka.  This thesis presents a successful test of decontamination procedures, new production rates, and an example application, showing the promise of ¹⁰Be in pyroxene as a chronometer. The development of ¹⁰Be in pyroxene allows environments without quartz-bearing rocks to be dated using this widely used nuclide. The pairing of ¹⁰Be with ³He in pyroxene would allow complex exposure histories to be determined, expanding the application.
Magnetic and electronic properties of iron-based superconducting systems
Authors:   , Sambale Sebastian
Published: November 2021

This thesis is motivated by the large variety of high-temperature superconductors that contain iron in the superconducting layer. This number has grown rapidly since the discovery in 2008 of the iron-pnictides (and chalcogenides), where iron and arsenic form the superconducting layer. Also of interest are the iron-cuprate hybrid materials, where one out of three copper atoms is replaced by iron. The aim is to understand the superconducting, magnetic and electronic properties of these materials in respect to their iron content. This thesis describes some of these properties for the iron-pnictide compounds of CeFeAsO₁₋xFx and AFe₂As₂ (A=Ba, Sr), and for the ironcuprate hybrids of FeSr₂YCu₂O₆₊y and FeSr₂Y₂₋xCexCu₂O₁₀₋y.  Here it has been found that CeFeAsO₁₋xFx follows a 3D fluctuation conductivity above the superconducting transition and the thermal activation energy is correlated to the critical current density within a two fluid-flux creep model below the superconducting transition. NMR measurements show that there is considerable charge disorder within the superconducting doping region. The AFe₂As₂ show a positive magnetoresistance, which could be interpreted through three-carrier transport. Superconducting samples of SrFe₂As₂ display a large enhancement in the magnetoresistance below the superconducting transition up to 1600 %, which is due to three-carrier transport through metallic and superconducting regions in an inhomogeneous state.  The superconducting properties of the iron-cuprate FeSr₂YCu₂O₆₊y in respect to the location of iron was studied under the influence of electron and hole doping and with additional magnetic impurities. FeSr₂Y₂₋xCexCu₂O₁₀₋y shows a disorder induced spin-glass state and strong localization depending on the doping.
The Accountability of Cambodian NGOs in Climate Change Projects: The impacts on local communities
Authors:   , Toch Sothiary
Published: November 2021

The accountability of non-governmental organisations (NGOs) is important to development work. Judging the performance of an NGO in providing social services and whether it has fulfilled its responsibilities with a set of standards is increasingly important due to NGOs working more in social development. In Cambodia NGOs have also become actively involved in climate change actions at all levels and have become an important player among other actors to enforce climate policies. While the influential roles of NGOs in climate policy advocacy and negotiation have been recognised, the impact of their involvement in climate change actions at the local level has been less prominent. This poses a question as to how NGO accountability impacts on local communities with the projects that they are carrying out concerning climate change issues. This thesis explored Cambodian NGOs working in partnership on climate change issues and how issues concerning their accountability to local communities can be evaluated.  This study involved seventeen NGO representatives from different NGOs who work directly in climate change projects in Cambodia. A qualitative approach was employed using interviews with the participants and this primary data collection was supplemented by documentary evidence from secondary sources. The interviews captured the experience and knowledge of the processes of working in partnership on climate change projects by the research participants. The particpants shared with me some of the benefits and difficulties in working in partnership with other NGOs on climate change issues. From their reflections I was able to discern some key findings.  I found that NGO partnership in climate change projects in Cambodia enhances effectiveness and efficiency in project implementation. Partnership strengthens the downward accountability of NGOs in carrying out the projects because inputs and resources are redirected to the ground level of operations and not diverted away from the intended beneficiaries. The partnership movement is grass roots driven, and small local NGOs are able to receive funds and directly benefit local communities. Partnerships enable funding aid to reach the local people through the sub-grant provision scheme. Funding NGOs provide capacity development and technical support throughout the project cycle to their partners so that they can have sufficient capacity to carry out climate change work at the ground level. Partnering NGOs also work with NGO network members in climate change policy advocacy and communication by bringing local voices into the process of policy development. Cambodian NGO partnerships in climate change projects significantly contributes to climate change adaptation actions. I conclude with some recommendations for how this process can be improved.
Acculturative stress, religious coping and wellbeing amongst New Zealand Muslims
Authors:   , Adam Zeenah
Published: November 2021

Situated within a wider context of Islamophobia, this study explored the role of religious coping in influencing the relationship between acculturative stress and wellbeing amongst 167 New Zealand Muslims. A Muslim Religious Coping (MRC) scale was adapted for the purposes of this study, measuring religious coping across three domains of Cognitive, Behavioural, and Social MRC. Two specific hypotheses were posited to explore the research question. Firstly, both Acculturative Stress and Religious Coping were predicted to significantly influence wellbeing (as measured by Life Satisfaction and Psychological Symptoms). Secondly, Religious Coping was expected to moderate the relationship between Acculturative Stress and wellbeing.  Consistent with hypotheses, it was found that Acculturative Stress predicted poorer Life Satisfaction and greater Psychological Symptoms. Additionally, Cognitive, Behavioural and Social facets of Muslim Religious Coping (MRC) predicted greater Life Satisfaction, and Behavioural MRC buffered the negative effects of Acculturative Stress on Life Satisfaction. Contrary to hypotheses, however, no direct or moderational relationships were found between MRC and Psychological Symptoms of distress. Implications of these findings are discussed in terms of the importance of promoting religious maintenance for minority Muslims, and the place of an Indigenous Islamic psychology within cross-cultural research.
What Is the Role of A Student Music Therapist in a Community Music Setting?
Authors:   , Pagad Sidharth
Published: November 2021

This qualitative research project set out to explore my role as a student music therapist within a community music setting. I am a student music therapist, working with a community music company involved in a variety of community music groups and projects. I wanted to understand what I might offer the community music company by bringing a community music therapy perspective to the work.  The research involved an exploration into the literature relating to Community Music Therapy as well as Community Music and required me to regularly question the reasoning and philosophy behind Community Music Work. To answer my question I engaged in secondary analysis of data generated during the first 24 weeks at this community music placement. The data included session notes, audio recordings of supervision sessions, and my reflective journal.  The literature includes examples of collaboration between community music therapists and community musicians, and I sought to experience this at my placement. The hoped for collaboration did take place during the period of data collection, enabling detailed reflections of it. This exploration therefore helped me to develop as a community musician and music therapy student.  The practice was broad and involved regular transitions in role, often within the same session. These included participant, accompanist, song-leader, community music therapist, and drum circle facilitator. Findings suggest that Community Music and Community Music Therapy are disciplines with many similarities in appearance and structure, but tend to diverge when looking at goals and overall objectives and foci.  Social equality seems to be commonly shared value between Community Music and Community Music Therapy. The ways in which this value is acted upon is also explored.  Performance and Performativity as aspects of group behaviour was found to be mentioned in the literature, and again this was mentioned in the data collected as part of the researcher’s placement.
Myth and Reality in Irregular Migration from Myanmar
Authors:   , Si Thu Ko Ko
Published: November 2021

Migration studies is an interdisciplinary study within a broader field of development studies due to its association with debates about development and underdevelopment. Irregular migration is one of the most significant topics in migration studies and its complex nature has attracted many scholars from around the world. Most literature on irregular migration has focused on its illegality and the situation of irregular migrants in the destination country and therefore, much of the previous literature on irregular migration only presents the process as a dangerous and abusive phenomenon for irregular migrants, and depicts brokers and agents as evil and exploitative. Public perception and policy discussions are dominated by myths, rather than facts, about debts and danger. These established myths often overshadow the reality about the impacts of irregular migration as experienced by actual migrants and their local communities. These confused interpretations of irregular migration highlight a need for further research.  This thesis examines a case of cross-border irregular migration from Myanmar to Thailand in order to explore the impacts of irregular migration in a wider field. Its main purpose is to investigate the processes and impacts of irregular migration on families left behind in sending areas. This is achieved by employing a qualitative case study approach to gain deeper understanding of the topic in the local context, using two data collection methods: participant observation and semi-structured interviews. The study hypothesizes that irregular migration in the Myanmar context conforms less to the “evil” image, than to the patterns of conventional labour migration described by the “New Economics of Labour Migration” theory. The main research questions posed to achieve these aims were: What are the processes of irregular migration? What are its impacts on families left behind? How are these impacts different from the impacts resulting from legal migration?  The study draws two main conclusions. First, human smuggling operations in this study’s context are based on the personal contacts, and therefore irregular migration is often accomplished with the help of friends, relatives or siblings of the migrants themselves and not by hostile, exploitative smugglers. Secondly, departing from the traditional notion that irregular migration is harmful, the findings from this study suggest that the social and economic impacts resulting from irregular migration are surprisingly similar to the impacts of conventional international migration in many respects.