bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Microbiome in RCC – A systematic review of the literature
Authors: Leonard Steven , Montanaro Francesca , Leopold Zev , Helstrom Emma , Abbosh Philip , Fulmes Antoniy , Correa Andres , Barata Pedro , Nizam Amanda , Weight Christopher , Bukavina Laura
Published: December 2024

Background:

Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) accounts for approximately 90% of kidney cancers, with a significant percentage of patients presenting with metastatic disease. Recent evidence suggests a notable role of the human microbiome in the onset, progression, and therapeutic outcomes of RCC.

Objective:

This systematic review aims to synthesise current knowledge on the association between the microbiome and RCC, focusing on pathogenesis, progression, and response to therapy.

Methods:

Complying with PRISMA guidelines, databases including PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science were searched for relevant studies up to December 7, 2023. The inclusion criterion was English-language articles that discussed RCC in relation to the microbiome of any body region. Screening was performed in a two-phase manner by three authors.

Results:

From 570 articles, 65 met the inclusion criteria. The gut microbiome (GM) emerged as a potential RCC pathogenesis driver, with certain bacteria associated with increased or decreased risk. Studies have also demonstrated that antibiotics and other medications can influence RCC therapeutic outcomes, reducing the effectiveness of immune-modulating therapies.

Conclusions:

While multiple bacterial species and antibiotics have been implicated in influencing RCC, further research is necessary to elucidate these relationships and investigate the efficacy of microbiome modulation on therapy effectiveness. Findings underscore the significant impact of the microbiome on RCC, suggesting the potential for microbiota-targeted therapeutics.
Experiences of COVID-19 Pandemic: Insights for Better Preparation and Action
Authors: Pawar Manohar
Published: December 2024

This is an introduction to a special issue on ‘Experiences of COVID-19 Pandemic: Insights for Better Preparation and Action’. First, it summarises the main recommendations of the Australian Government’s COVID-19 Response Inquiry Report and then introduces six articles from five countries. The analysis presented in these articles has implications for managing some aspects of future pandemics.
Interest Rate Pass-through: Asymmetric Evidence from India
Authors: Ajaz Taufeeq
Published: December 2024

This article analyses interest rate pass-through in India using nonlinear autoregressive distributed lag (NARDL) model. The results suggest the rejection of decoupling hypothesis of interest rates. The results show evidence of cointegration between the policy rates and all other market interest rates. We find evidence of near complete, relatively rapid and asymmetric pass-through from policy rates to the immediate monetary policy target in India, that is, call money rates. However, we find evidence of incomplete, sluggish and asymmetric pass-through from policy rates to both long-term market interest rates and lending rates.
Brentuximab vedotin, nivolumab, doxorubicin, and dacarbazine for advanced-stage classical Hodgkin lymphoma
Authors: Lee Hun Ju , Ramchandren Rod , Friedman Judah , Melear Jason , Flinn Ian W. , Burke John M. , Linhares Yuliya , Gonzales Paul , Peterson Matthew , Raval Mihir , Chintapatla Rangaswamy , Feldman Tatyana A. , Yimer Habte , Islas-Ohlmayer Miguel , Patel Ameet , Metheny Leland , Dean Asad , Rana Vishal , Gandhi Mitul D. , Renshaw John , Ho Linda , Fanale Michelle A. , Guo Wenchuan , Yasenchak Christopher A.
Published: December 2024

Treatment options for stage I/II bulky and advanced-stage disease have recently extensively changed. For decades in North America, ABVD (doxorubicin hydrochloride [Adriamycin], bleomycin sulfate, vinblastine sulfate, and dacarbazine) has been a frontline standard-of-care option for patients with advanced classical Hodgkin lymphoma (cHL). Recent data on combining brentuximab vedotin, doxorubicin, vinblastine, and dacarbazine demonstrated improved overall survival compared with ABVD but increased adverse events (AEs). We hypothesized that replacing vinblastine with nivolumab (brentuximab vedotin and nivolumab [AN] + doxorubicin and dacarbazine [AD]; AN+AD) may improve efficacy and safety. This phase 2, open-label multipart, multicenter study enrolled patients with treatment-naive stage II bulky or III/IV cHL. Patients received ≤6 cycles of AN+AD; granulocyte-colony stimulating factor (G-CSF) prophylaxis was optional, per institutional guidelines. At the time of planned analysis (N = 57), complete response (CR) and objective response rates were 88% (95% confidence interval [CI], 76.3-94.9) and 93% (95% CI, 83.0-98.1), respectively. With a median follow-up of 24.2 months (95% CI, 23.4-26.9), the 2-year progression-free survival rate was 88% (95% CI, 75.7-94.6); 88% (95% CI, 75.7-94.6) had a response lasting >2 years. Most common grade ≥3 treatment-related AEs were alanine aminotransferase increased (11%) and neutropenia (9%); 44% had treatment-related peripheral sensory neuropathy (grade 1/2, 40%; grade 3, 4%). No febrile neutropenia occurred; 49% received G-CSF prophylaxis. AN+AD led to a high CR rate and favorable safety profile. Further evaluation of programmed death receptor 1 inhibitor and CD30 antibody–drug conjugate combination regimens in frontline advanced-stage cHL is warranted. This trial was registered at www.clinicaltrials.gov as #NCT03646123 and www.clinicaltrialsregister.eu as #EudraCT 2020-004027-17.
Endemic-epidemic modelling of school closure to prevent spread of COVID-19 in Switzerland
Authors: Bekker-Nielsen Dunbar M. , Hofmann F. , Meyer S. , Held L.
Published: December 2024

The goal of this work was to quantify the effect of school closure during the first year of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic in Switzerland. This allowed us to determine the usefulness of school closures as a pandemic countermeasure for emerging coronaviruses in the absence of pharmaceutical interventions. The use of multivariate endemic-epidemic modelling enabled us to analyse disease spread between age groups which we believe is a necessary inclusion in any model seeking to achieve our goal. Sophisticated time-varying contact matrices encapsulating four different contact settings were included in our complex statistical modelling approach to reflect the amount of school closure in place on a given day. Using the model, we projected case counts under various transmission scenarios (driven by implemented social distancing policies). We compared these counterfactual scenarios against the true levels of social distancing policies implemented, where schools closed in the spring and reopened in the autumn. We found that if schools had been kept open, the vast majority of additional cases would be expected among primary school-aged children with a small fraction of cases filtering into other age groups following the contact matrix structure. Under this scenario where schools were kept open, the cases were highly concentrated among the youngest age group. In the scenario where schools had remained closed, most reduction would also be expected in the lowest age group with less effects seen in other groups.
Time-frequency transformation integrated with a lightweight convolutional neural network for detection of myocardial infarction
Authors: Sheth Kashvi Ankitbhai , Upreti Charvi , Prusty Manas Ranjan , Satapathy Sandeep Kumar , Mishra Shruti , Cho Sung-Bae
Published: December 2024

Myocardial infarction (MI) is a life-threatening medical condition that necessitates both timely and precise diagnosis. The enhancement of automated method to detect MI diseases from Normal patients can play a crucial role in healthcare. This paper presents a novel approach that utilizes the Discrete Wavelet Transform (DWT) for the detection of myocardial signals. The DWT is employed to break down ECG signals into distinct frequency components and subsequently to selectively filter out noise by thresholding the high-frequency details, resulting in denoised ECG signals for myocardial signal detection. These denoised signals are fed into lightweight one-dimensional Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN) for binary classification into Myocardial Infarction (MI) and Normal categories. The paper explores three distinct approaches: utilizing all signals, incorporating under-sampling and up-sampling to address class imbalances, with both noised and denoised signals. Evaluation of the suggested model is done with the help of two publicly available datasets: PTB-XL, a large publicly available electrocardiography dataset and PTB Diagnostic ECG Database. Results obtained through 5-fold cross-validation on the trained model show that the model has achieved an accuracy of 96%, precision of 97% and F1 score of 95%. On cross-validation with the PTB-ECG dataset, this paper achieved an accuracy of 91.18%.
Self-efficacy, social support and oral health-related quality of life in patients with kidney transplantation and under hemodialysis
Authors: Ernst Bero Luke Vincent , Kreher Deborah , Patschan Daniel , Haak Rainer , Ebert Thomas , de Fallois Jonathan , Schmalz Gerhard
Published: December 2024

Background

Aim of this questionnaire-based cross-sectional study was to compare self-efficacy, social support, oral hygiene-related self-efficacy (OHRSE) and oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) between patients under chronic hemodialysis (HD) and patients after kidney transplantation (KTx) as well as a healthy comparison group (HC).

Methods

Patients under HD were recruited during their routine outpatient dialysis therapy, KTx patients during their maintenance appointment and HC patients during their regular dental check-up in the dental clinic. General self-efficacy, the OHRSE, social support (F-SozU-K14) and the OHRQoL (OHIP-G5) were assessed by specific validated questionnaires. The survey was performed by one experienced dentist.

Results

44 HD, 40 KTx and 45 HC patients were included, between which the age and gender distribution was comparable (p > 0.05).

With a median of 1.5 [IQR: 0–3], HD patients showed higher OHIP-G5 than the participants in KTx group (p < 0.01). Similarly, a significant difference was found between KTx (0, [0–0.5]) and HC (0, [0–3]; p < 0.01).

HD patients showed a lower sum score of OHRSE, tooth-brushing, interdental-cleaning and dental-visit self-efficacy than the HC (p < 0.01). Similarly, HD patients had a lower sum score of OHRSE, tooth-brushing and dental-visit self-efficacy than the KTx group (p < 0.01). Moreover, the KTx group had a lower interdental-cleaning self-efficacy (p < 0.01) and sum score (p = 0.02) than the HC. The sum score of the general self-efficacy was comparable between the three groups (p = 0.19). The F-SozU-K14 revealed higher values in KTx (65.40 ± 5.33) compared with HD (60.95 ± 9.28) and HC group (61.71 ± 9.24; p = 0.03).

Only in the KTx group, a significant association between F-SozU-K14 and OHIP-G5 was revealed (p = 0.05).

Conclusions

Patients under HD show a reduced OHRSE compared to KTx and HC and a slightly reduced OHRQoL compared to KTx patients. While general self-efficacy was comparable between groups, social support of HD patients was lower than of KTx patients. The OHRSE and OHRQoL might receive increased attention in dental care of HD patients.
Green space quantity and exposure in relation to the risk of immune-mediated diseases: a scoping review
Authors: Galitskaya Polina , Luukkonen Anna , Roslund Marja I. , Mänttäri Miia , Yli-Viikari Anja , Tyrväinen Liisa , Sinkkonen Aki , Laitinen Olli
Published: December 2024

The growing global incidence of immune-mediated and inflammatory diseases (IMIDs) is worrisome, with evidence suggesting that environmental factors, notably urbanization and the reduction of green spaces, may act as potential instigators. However, conflicting findings in studies necessitate a closer examination of recent research (January 2020 – February 2024) to elucidate the factors contributing to these inconsistencies. This review explores study protocols to avoid erroneously endorsing the null hypothesis of no association between green space coverage and IMID risks. A literature search adhering to PRISMA-ScR guidelines yielded 46 relevant papers from Google Scolar and Pub Meb. The studies varied in design, with 17 being longitudinal, 24 cross-sectional, and five focusing on longitudinal parent-offspring connections. Geographic scope differed, with 21 multi-location and 25 single-location studies. Participant numbers ranged from 144 to 982,131 across diverse demographics. Additionally, some studies examined disease frequencies in large groups (several million people) residing in specific regions. Green space metrics encompassed NDVI, land cover data, plant biodiversity, and novel indexes, measured within 7.5–5000 m diameter buffers around residences or schools. The review advises against making definitive statements regarding the relationship between urban green spaces and the prevalence of IMIDs. It suggests that inconsistencies in study results may stem from variations in study designs and methodologies, as well as the complex, interacting mechanisms through which green spaces affect immune health. Future research recommendations include larger cohorts, early-life exposure data, and testing specific hypotheses related to vegetation types and participants’ genetic predispositions.
Información es poder (information is power): menopause knowledge, attitudes, and experiences in midlife Hispanic women and Latinas
Authors: Cortés Yamnia I. , Cazales Andrea , Mărginean Valentina , Duran Mayra , Trocel Lorena
Published: December 2024

Background

Latinas constitute nearly 20% of midlife women in the United States (U.S.), but remain underrepresented in menopause research. Many midlife Latinas are disadvantaged by limited English proficiency, less formal education, living below the federal poverty level, lack of health insurance, and social isolation and discrimination — factors that negatively affect menopause-related symptoms and health outcomes. This study aimed to understand knowledge, attitudes, and experiences of the menopause transition among midlife Latinas.

Methods

We conducted a qualitative descriptive study using five focus groups with 29 Hispanic/Latina midlife women. An emergent content analysis was performed by four bilingual coders. Data on socio-demographics, menopausal symptoms, menopause knowledge, and attitudes toward menopause and hormone therapy were collected over the phone. Descriptive statistics were performed to characterize study participants.

Results

Participants were aged 50.3 ± 6.3 years, 45% postmenopausal, 79% viewed menopause positively, and 55% reported having “little knowledge” about menopause. Seven themes emerged: 1) menopause is a stage of life (una etapa de vida); 2) not wanting to become an old lady (no quererme hacer viejita); 3) in our culture, we do not ask [about menopause]; 4) family dynamics; 5) each body is different (todo cuerpo es diferente); 6) menopause self-management and treatment options; 7) information is power (información es poder).

Conclusions

Although Latinas reported having a positive view of menopause, we found a need for culturally-tailored comprehensive menopause education. The importance of involving family members in menopause education was also revealed. Our next steps are to determine the best menopause messaging strategies and educational formats for midlife Latinas.
Flourishing and job satisfaction in employees working in UK clinical trial units: a national cross-sectional survey
Authors: Hall Sophie S. , Riga Evgenia , Sprange Kirsty , Hagan Pamela , Carr Lucy , Taylor Jodi , Thomson Louise , Mitchell Eleanor J.
Published: December 2024

Background

To evaluate healthcare interventions in clinical trials, it is crucial to attract and retain a skilled workforce. The job demands associated with developing and running clinical trials have been linked with difficulties in recruiting and retaining skilled Clinical Trial Unit (CTU) staff. Flourishing conceptualises positive aspects of wellbeing which may help staff to thrive within a demanding job role. This study explored the association between flourishing and job satisfaction among staff based in UK Clinical Research Collaboration (UKCRC)-registered CTUs.

Methods

A national online survey of UKCRC-registered CTUs was conducted which combined psychometric measures of flourishing (eudaimonic workplace wellbeing scale) and job satisfaction (including measures of turnover intention and workplace engagement), alongside free-text questions.

Results

Four hundred and eighty-four staff from 52 UKCRC CTUs completed the survey. Overall, participants reported 'average’ levels of job satisfaction and work engagement, but there was evidence that CTU staff reported slightly lower levels of flourishing and moderate levels of turnover intention. Salary, role, and flexible working arrangements were associated with levels of flourishing. When these factors were controlled for, higher levels of flourishing were still predictive of job satisfaction and turnover, but not work engagement. Qualitative analysis of free text responses revealed that elements of the working environment, such as supportive relationships, flexible working, and development opportunities, can act as resources to help employees flourish in their jobs.

Conclusions

Through exploring flourishing in CTU staff we identified factors which may help CTU employees thrive in their role, and in turn increase job satisfaction and commitment to their place of work. CTUs should consider the importance of developing a working environment which supports staff to feel valued, experience autonomy and supportive working relationships, as well as opportunities to develop and engage in meaningful work. Efforts to understand and protect the wellbeing of CTU staff are vital to attract and retain staff to design and conduct clinical trials. The learning from this may be applicable to other healthcare workforces facing a recruitment and retention crisis.
Immune alterations and overexpression of CTCF in endometrial carcinoma: insights from molecular subtyping
Authors: Wei Caiping , Chen Guowei , Chen Kun , Fang Shuang , He Hongying
Published: December 2024

Background

Endometrial cancer (EC) is a prevalent epithelial malignancy originating in the female endometrium, and its global incidence has been on the rise over the past decade. Despite significant scientific progress has been achieved recently, the genetic factors underlying EC pathogenesis remain poorly understood, warranting further investigation.

Methods

We employed transcriptomic datasets from the Genomic Data Commons database to extract variable and clinical data. Quantile normalization and log2 transformations were applied to obtain a gene expression matrix for the sample cohort. Various assays, such as quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR), western blotting, immunohistochemistry (IHC), wound healing assay, transwell assay, and TUNEL assay, were employed in the study to examine the involvement of CTCF in EC cell biology. Additionally, in vivo experiments were conducted using a subcutaneous transplantation tumor model in athymic nude mice. The potential mechanism of action of CTCF was also illustrated by identifying differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and functions after interfering with CTCF gene expression through the GSPAdb online database.

Results

After categorizing 543 samples into cohorts with high and low ImmuneScores, we discovered 1025 genes that were differentially expressed, including 745 genes that were up-regulated and 280 genes that were down-regulated in the high scores group compared to the low scores group. Tumor mutation burden (TMB) analysis highlighted 11 genes with the highest mutation frequency. Furthermore, 16 immune checkpoints and 50 immune regulatory factors exhibited differential expression. Among these, CTCF was up-regulated in EC. We found that CTCF knockdown could diminish EC's invasive ability and metastatic potential while enhancing apoptosis. In vivo experiments corroborated that CTCF knockdown could reduce tumor growth. The GSPAdb online database identified differential expression pathways mainly enriched in cellular metabolism as well as some intracellular classical signaling pathways after interfering with CTCF gene expression. In addition, we identified potential downstream regulators of CTCF through protein interaction networks.

Conclusion

This study unveiled comprehensive molecular characteristics and DEGs in EC, emphasizing the up-regulation of CTCF in EC. Our findings collectively suggest that CTCF represents a promising therapeutic target, and our gene molecular typing model offers a novel approach for prognostic evaluation in EC.
Helicopter hoist operations in German mid-range mountains retrospective analysis of incidence, medical characteristics, and mission tactics
Authors: Heinrich Sebastian , Wielant Christoph , Lerch Frank , Friedrich Mirko , Braun Jörg , Reifferscheid Florian , Busch Hans-Jörg ,   for the Scientific Working Group of German Air Rescue
Published: December 2024

Background

Helicopter hoist operations (HHO) are an important option for rescue operations in rugged and challenging terrain. German mid-range mountains are characterized by the versatility of ground conditions, few urban structures, and frequent use for local leisure activities, including the practice of more or less high-risk outdoor sports. This retrospective analysis aims to investigate the incidence of rescue missions in German mid-range mountains requiring HHO. The contributing air rescue bases' operational tactics and the underlying medical characteristics, such as injury patterns and the provided medical care, are also reported.

Methods

This study is a retrospective analysis of the documentation of HHO missions carried out at the air rescue bases in Freiburg, Nuremberg, and Bautzen staffed by emergency physicians between 01/2020 and 07/2022. Data was extracted from the German Air Rescue database. To assess the topics of interest, we conducted basic descriptive statistics.

Results

Data selection retrieved 410 HHO-associated rescue missions. A total of 304 datasets, including HHO, were suitable for further statistical processing. Air rescue base Freiburg contributed 152, Nuremberg 63, and Bautzen 89 missions. HHO missions showed an increased frequency in the summer season and from Friday to Sunday. In this collective, 75% of the underlying diagnoses were trauma-associated; in 33% of all patients, traumatic injury of the pelvis or lower limb occurred. 28% of the patients were in a potential or actual life-threatening condition and were scored NACA 4 or higher. The rates of invasive medical treatment, such as endotracheal intubation (5%) or venous access (79%), were considerably higher than in overall emergency missions. In terms of mission tactics and cooperation with mountain rescue services, different approaches of the three air bases resulted in differences regarding first-on-scene rates and time spans.

Conclusion

The results show a relevant year-round need to deploy emergency medical expertise to inaccessible terrain in the three regions examined. Detailed analysis showed relevant differences in operational tactics between the three bases and potential for optimization. Simultaneous alerting of the hoist helicopter and reliable and precise coordination with other rescue organizations involved, especially the local mountain rescue service and the rescue coordination center, can help to shorten both the treatment-free interval and the prehospital time for patients in inaccessible terrain.

Trial registration: The study is registered at DRKS (DRKS00033493).
SMART: spatial transcriptomics deconvolution using marker-gene-assisted topic model
Authors: Yang Chen Xi , Sin Don D. , Ng Raymond T.
Published: December 2024

While spatial transcriptomics offer valuable insights into gene expression patterns within the spatial context of tissue, many technologies do not have a single-cell resolution. Here, we present SMART, a marker gene-assisted deconvolution method that simultaneously infers the cell type-specific gene expression profile and the cellular composition at each spot. Using multiple datasets, we show that SMART outperforms the existing methods in realistic settings. It also provides a two-stage approach to enhance its performance on cell subtypes. The covariate model of SMART enables the identification of cell type-specific differentially expressed genes across conditions, elucidating biological changes at a single-cell-type resolution.
Acute myocardial infarction presenting as headache: a case report
Authors: Emara Ahmed , Hassan Amr K. , Khairy Ahmed M.
Published: December 2024

Background

The diagnosis of acute myocardial infarction is straightforward when it presents with typical symptoms. However, some patients can be asymptomatic, and some can present with atypical symptoms.

Case presentation

We present a very rare case of acute myocardial infraction that presented with headache and right upper limb numbness of 2-day duration in a 61-year-old female Middle Eastern patient. The patient underwent percutaneous coronary intervention to a totally occluded right coronary artery with two drug-eluting stents. The headache and numbness immediately disappeared after revascularization, and the patient was discharged on anti-ischemic medications. This report concerns a case of cardiac cephalalgia.

Conclusion

Myocardial infarction can present in several different ways and should be included in the differential diagnosis for headache.
Pharmacy-based preventive services for opioid use disorder: a survey of U.S. pharmacists
Authors: Wu Li-Tzy , King Jacquie , Hefner Kathryn , Schactman Mark , John William , Hagemeier Nicholas , Matthews Abigail G. , Levitt Nathaniel , Mannelli Paolo
Published: December 2024

Background

Pharmacists play a key role in combating the opioid-related overdose epidemic in the United States (US), but little is known about their experience and willingness to deliver preventive services for opioid use disorder (OUD).

Aims

This study seeks to identify correlates of pharmacists’ concerns about drug use problems (prescription drug misuse/use disorder and illicit drug use/use disorder) as well as their practice experience delivering preventive services for OUD (e.g., asked about opioid use, provided advice, made a referral) and willingness to provide services to patients with drug use problems.

Design

An online survey of licensed US pharmacists was conducted. Participants were recruited from Community Pharmacy Enhanced Services Networks (CPESN) and state pharmacist associations (N = 1146).

Findings

Overall, 75% of surveyed pharmacists indicated having concerns about opioid use problems, and 62% had concerns about non-opioid drug use problems at their pharmacies. Pharmacists who were White, practiced at a rural location, worked at a chain pharmacy, had not received opioid-related training in the past year, or practiced screening patients for opioid use had elevated odds of perceiving concerns about opioid use problems in their practice settings. Pharmacists who were White, practiced at a rural location, or had not received opioid-related training in the past year had elevated odds of perceiving concerns about non-opioid (illicit) drug use problems. Being male, being White, or having received opioid-related training were associated with increased odds of screening patients for opioid use problems. Being White, having practiced at a rural location (vs. an urban location), being a pharmacy owner/manager, or having received opioid-related training were associated with increased odds of delivering opioid-related advice/intervention. Being male or having received opioid-related training were associated with increased odds of making a referral to OUD treatment. Finally, being male, being White, having practiced pharmacy services for under 6 years, having received opioid-related training for 2 h in the past year, or having performed OUD-related preventive services (asked about opioid use, provided advice, or made a referral) were associated with increased levels of commitment/readiness for providing care to patients with drug use problems.

Conclusions

The overall findings highlight pharmacists’ involvement with OUD preventive services. It is critical to promote opioid-related preventive service training for pharmacists and provide incentives/tools to help initiate a structured practice of delivering such preventive services.
Preparation and characterisation of zirconia/hydroxyapatite bioactive composites as potential dental implants
Authors: Xing Zhongyuan , Pang Yongxin , Li Eric , Zhang Jian Yong , Xu Donglai
Published: December 2024

In dental implants, zirconia is well-known as a crown material due to its excellent acid and base resistances and appearance close to natural teeth. In addition, its extraordinary mechanical properties render zirconia to be a potential candidate as an implant component of a whole implanted tooth, if its biocompatibility can be improved to promote adhesion to natural hard tissues. This study aims to enhance the bioactivity of zirconia with the aim of improving its integration with gum bone. Hydroxyapatite is the major component of natural bone and is thus selected as the modifier to improve the bioactivity of zirconia. A series of zirconia/hydroxyapatite composites with varied compositions were prepared under different conditions in order to find the optimal composites for the target application. Various analytical technologies and mechanical tests are employed to characterise the structure and properties of resultant composites. Results show that the component ratio and sintering temperature have a significant influence on the composite properties. An increase in hydroxyapatite component tends to enhance bioactivity but decline mechanical strength. Composites containing 10 wt% of hydroxyapatite maintain sufficient mechanical strength under the optimal sintering conditions whilst possessing excellent bioactivity, demonstrating that hydroxyapatite-modified zirconia has the potential as dental implant materials. Sintering results suggest that mechanical strength is obtained at 1400 °C for 2 h for the composite containing 10 wt% of hydroxyapatite.
Spatial analysis of malaria cases and Anopheles species in East Java region, Indonesia
Authors: Ngadino  , Winarko  , Nurmayanti Demes , Marlik  , Wardoyo Slamet , Nurhayati Syarifah , Wuryaningtyas Desya
Published: December 2024

Malaria remains a significant public health challenge worldwide, including in Indonesia, particularly in the East Java region. This study aimed to analyse the spatial distribution of malaria cases and Anopheles species that act as vectors in the area. Using an observational design with a cross-sectional approach, data on malaria cases were collected from tiers from the Community Health Centre, District Health Office and Province, all of which were documented on the Ministry of Health's malaria information system for the period 2021–2023. Malaria Vector Distribution Data from the East Java Health Office and the research team directly. Sampling of mosquitoes and larvae was carried out by researchers using a purposive sampling method, which prioritised locations with districts that have a high risk factor for the presence of breeding Anopheles sp., namely, Treggalek District, Malang District and Pacitan District with diverse topography, such as coastal (lagoon), rice fields and hills. The results of the analysis show that the distribution of imported malaria cases in East Java is uneven, with hotspots identified in several areas that have working population mobility from outside the East Java region. The presence of Anopheles species, particularly An. sundaicus and An. maculatus, contributes to their potential as vectors of malaria transmission, with An.sundaicus being more common in coastal areas and An. maculatus in valley and paddy fields. Environmental factors, such as topography of the region, temperature, humidity, and rainfall, influence the variation of Anopheles species. This study emphasises the importance of an ecosystem-based approach to malaria control, as well as the need to improve access to health services and community education. The findings provide important insights for the development of more effective and sustainable health policies in an effort to maintain malaria elimination areas in East Java.
Tensor networks for hierarchical lattices
Authors: Akimenko S. S. , Myshlyavtsev A. V.
Published: December 2024

In this paper, we propose an approach to obtain numerically exact solutions for hierarchical lattices by representing them as a tensor network. The visual representation of these networks greatly simplifies the computational algorithm. Furthermore, we introduce a method for incorporating single-node interactions, enabling us to disregard the inhomogeneity of the hierarchical lattice nodes and simulate the behavior on a regular lattice instead. This methodology allows for qualitative studies of the phase space of desired lattice models with single-node interactions, which holds relevance for adsorption systems. The efficiency of the approach is demonstrated using the Ising model and the binary gas adsorption model as examples.
Fluid Biomarkers in Dementia Diagnosis
Authors: Quinn Joseph F. , Gray Nora E.
Published: December 2024

OBJECTIVE

This article familiarizes neurologists with the currently available CSF and plasma biomarkers for the diagnosis of dementia and diagnosis-dependent treatment decisions.

LATEST DEVELOPMENTS

For Alzheimer disease, the recent US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approval of monoclonal antibody therapy has increased the urgency of confirming the pathologic diagnosis with biomarkers before initiating therapy. The new availability of disease-modifying therapies also highlights the need for biomarkers to monitor efficacy over time. Both of these needs have been partially addressed by the emergence of improved blood-based biomarkers for Alzheimer disease. Regarding other forms of dementia, the latest development is a CSF assay for aggregated α-synuclein, which permits the biomarker confirmation of synuclein pathology in Lewy body dementia.

ESSENTIAL POINTS

CSF biomarkers for the diagnosis of Alzheimer disease, Lewy body dementia, and Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease are well established. Blood-based biomarkers for dementia diagnosis are emerging and rapidly evolving. Sensitivity and specificity for diagnosis continue to improve, and they are being incorporated into diagnostic decisions. Fluid biomarkers for monitoring the efficacy of therapy are not yet established. Because serial CSF examinations are impractical, the validation of blood-based biomarkers of disease activity will be critical for addressing this unmet need.
Vascular Cognitive Impairment
Authors: Silbert Lisa C.
Published: December 2024

OBJECTIVE

Vascular cognitive impairment is a major contributor to age-associated cognitive decline, both independently and as a contributor to mixed dementia syndromes. This article reviews the current understanding of how vascular dysfunction contributes to cognitive impairment and dementia risk in older individuals and includes updated diagnostic criteria and treatment recommendations.

LATEST DEVELOPMENTS

Clinical and research criteria have been evolving to more accurately determine the full prevalence of vascular cognitive impairment. The Boston Criteria version 2.0 for cerebral amyloid angiopathy now includes multiple punctate MRI T2 white matter hyperintensities and MR-visible perivascular spaces in addition to previously described T2* hemorrhagic signatures. MR-visible perivascular spaces are associated with both vascular cognitive impairment and Alzheimer disease, potentially linking cerebrovascular dysfunction to neurodegenerative disorders through its role in brain waste clearance. The American Heart Association’s goal for cardiovascular health promotion, “Life’s Essential 8,” has been updated to include sleep health and acknowledges psychological well-being and social determinants of health as fundamental components necessary to achieve optimal cardiovascular health for all adults.

ESSENTIAL POINTS

Vascular cognitive impairment is a common and often underrecognized contributor to cognitive impairment in older individuals, with heterogeneous etiologies requiring individualized treatment strategies. Effective cerebrovascular disease risk factor modification starting in midlife is critical to reducing the risk of Alzheimer disease and related dementias, with the goal of preventing vascular brain injury and maintaining cognitive reserve in the presence of nonvascular age-related brain pathologies.
Policy makers, regulators and researchers’ perspectives on genomics research and the capacity of the National Health Research Act of 2013 to regulate genomics research in Zambia
Authors: Mweemba Oliver , Musuku John , Matenga Tulani Francis L. , Parker Michael , Rutakumwa Rwamahe , Seeley Janet , Simanga Twambo , Tindana Paulina , de Vries Jantina
Published: December 2024

Background Health research in sub-Saharan Africa takes place against a lengthy history of exploitation and unfair collaboration. This has involved the export of samples and data from the continent for the benefit of institutions and researchers elsewhere. In this paper, we report the perspectives of people involved in conducting genomics research in Zambia and the capacity of the Health Research Act (HRA) of 2013 in regulating genomics research. Methods We approached 14 purposively selected stakeholders involved in the development or implementation of the HRA in Zambia for in-depth interviews. These were members of research ethics committees, genomics researchers, Ministry of Health policy makers and institutional lawyers. Results Participants reported that there are benefits in genomics research for Zambia such as diagnosing and treatment of diseases. Participants however, expressed concerns, most of which were ethical in nature. Prominent concerns were on consent. Participants’ main concern was the possible misuse of samples in the future. These concerns resonated with the HRA, which prohibits the use of broad consent for the collection of samples and data for future unspecified research. The implications of this are that Zambians may not participate in any kind of health research for which the storage, sharing and re-use of data or samples is envisaged. The restrictive nature of HRA means that genomics research may be excluded from future health research collaborations, thus isolating the country from potentially beneficial health research. Some policy makers were also worried that the samples and data that comes from such research may be difficult to access by local scientists. Conclusion In this article, we describe the views of Zambian policymakers on genomics research and the capacity of HRA in regulating genomics research. Our findings are relevant for the Zambian audience, and other African countries that are aiming to regulate health research, especially genomics research.
Obstacles for self-management practices among diabetes patients: A facility-based study from Coastal South India.
Authors: T Rekha , R Murali Mohan , Kumar Nithin , Hegde Kausthubh , Unnikrishnan Bhaskaran , Mithra Prasanna , Holla Ramesh , Suma Balanarayana , Rao Aadithya M , Nikitha Patil , Sahama M Aysha Roushida
Published: December 2024

Background The purpose of the study was to assess the obstacles faced by diabetes patients in their self-care and determine the factors associated with these obstacles. The management of diabetes mellitus (DM) extends beyond the clinician’s efforts, with the responsibility of the care also being shared by the patient to achieve better treatment outcomes and prevent complications. Self-care management is the most important part of DM treatment, which includes diet, regular exercise, blood glucose monitoring, medication and foot care. Methods A facility-based cross-sectional study was conducted among 107 type 2 DM patients aged >18 years using the Diabetes Obstacles Questionnaire-30. Patients scoring a mean response score >3 were considered to have an obstacle. We included age, gender, socioeconomic status (SES), duration of DM and blood glucose levels as factors for regression analysis and a P value <0.05 was considered to be statistically significant. Results A large majority (64.5%, n = 69) of our participants were aged above 55 years and belonged to lower socio-economic status (65.4%, n = 70). Family history of DM was present in 41% (n=44) of the participants. The median duration of DM among the participant was 10 (4 – 7) years. In our study, the participants faced obstacles for two items in the domains: Support from Friends & Family (mean score: 3.73) and Knowledge of the Disease (mean score: 3.58). A multinominal regression analysis revealed SES was predictive of participants who could not understand information from literature with a P. value of 0.002 (OR: 3.65, CI: 1.60-8.338). Conclusion The two major obstacles to self-management practices that were identified were in the domains of Support from Friends and Family, and Knowledge of the Disease. Socioeconomic status was identified to be a predictive factor associated with the participants who are not able to understand information from the literature.
A Bali perspective: Intention for sustainable customary and village forest management in the post pandemic era
Authors: Patiro Shine Pintor Siolemba , Hendarto Kresno Agus , Hidayat Dian Charity , Wibowo Lukas Rumboko , Race Digby , Susila I Wayan Widhana , Sutrihadi Sutrihadi , Sugiyanto Krisdianto , Njurumana Gerson Ndawa , Sitti Nuroniah Hani , Kurniasari Dewi Ratna , Parmono V. Rachmadi , Putri Atfi Indriany , Abdurakhman Abdurakhman , Wisudayati Tri Astuti , Ramawati Ramawati , Pratama Yudha Satria Aji
Published: December 2024

Background The COVID-19 pandemic has generated significant impacts on the forestry sector. Employment layoffs have led to an increase in return migration, resulting in additional labor supply and heightened family economic burdens. This research employs the Theory of Planned Behaviour (TPB) framework to examine and predict sustainable forest management practices among families managing customary forests and village forests in Bali. Methods Purposive sampling was used to collect data from 71 managers of customary forests and village forests in Tenganan and Wanagiri. Partial least square-structural equation modelling (PLS-SEM) was used to analyze the acquired data. Results The findings demonstrated that TPB can explain the sustainable forest management. The incorporation of an additional construct, Tri Hita Karana (THK), enhanced the model’s predictive power for both managerial intentions and behaviors in sustainable forest management. Specifically, THK influences management intentions through the mediation of attitudes, subjective norms, and perceived behavioral control. Conclusions This study established that THK, a fundamental value system in Balinese society, serves an antecedent predictor of behavioral intentions toward sustainable forest management. The relationship between THK and sustainable forest management intentions is mediated by attitudes, subjective norms, and perceived behavioral control. This research makes significant theoretical and managerial contributions. First, it validates the established TPB framework within the context of COVID-19’s impact in Bali. Additionally, it provides scholars with insights for identifying other potential constructs that may influence forest land managers’ behavior.
Impact of haptic simulator in prosthodontics training during preclinic dental education: a systematic review protocol
Authors: Tayari Oumaima , Sahli Cyrine , Jaouadi Jamila
Published: December 2024

Background Prosthodontics significantly impacts oral health-related quality of life, especially oral comfort, functions, aesthetics, and overall well-being. This discipline is grounded in a solid academic and evidence-based understanding of fundamental principles for managing dental diseases and aims to restore the health of teeth and supporting tissues and compensate missing ones. Dental education is evolving quickly with the rise of digital dentistry, especially in prosthodontics. Integrating augmented reality simulations and haptic feedback has significantly advanced this transformation. This systematic review protocol intends to determine the effectiveness of haptic simulators in prosthodontics training during preclinical dental education. Methods An exhaustive search strategy will be employed, exploring PubMed, Scopus, EBSCO, Web of Science and Cochrane Central to select relevant studies, thereby enhancing the robustness of the review findings. Boolean operators (AND,OR) were utilized to assemble MeSH terms and relevant keywords. Titles and abstracts screening to identify studies that satisfy the eligibility criteria was followed by the quality and risk of bias assessment for the selected studies, via the Cochrane Collaboration’s tool and the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS). Data will be collected via standard form. Reviewers disagreement will be solved throughout debate, or by referring to a third opinion. This protocol will adhere the recommendations appointed by the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA). Discussion The outcomes of this systematic review are highly significant for dental education exploring the importance of enhancing haptic simulation during preclinic prosthetic training. Recognizing the strengths and weaknesses of virtual reality (VR) in relation to traditional preclinical training methods is crucial for developing effective educational strategies. This understanding can lead to enhanced training outcomes and increased student satisfaction, which in turn contributes to improved quality of clinical prosthetic services. Systematic review registration PROSPERO: CRD42024603681 (Registered on 30/10/2024).
The genome sequence of the Welsh wave moth, Venusia cambrica Curtis, 1839
Authors: Prescott Tom , Hill David , Bence Stuart ,   Wellcome Sanger Institute Tree of Life Management, Samples and Laboratory team,   Wellcome Sanger Institute Scientific Operations: Sequencing Operations,   Wellcome Sanger Institute Tree of Life Core Informatics team,   Tree of Life Core Informatics collective,   Darwin Tree of Life Consortium
Published: December 2024

We present a genome assembly from an individual male Venusia cambrica (the Welsh Wave; Arthropoda; Insecta; Lepidoptera; Geometridae). The genome sequence spans 470.40 megabases. Most of the assembly is scaffolded into 38 chromosomal pseudomolecules, including the Z sex chromosome. The mitochondrial genome has also been assembled and is 16.44 kilobases in length. Gene annotation of this assembly on Ensembl identified 17,931 protein-coding genes.