bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Penemuan Hukum oleh Hakim di Indonesia
Authors: Suparno Suparno , Jalil Abdul
Published: June 2023

Abstract This paper aims to determine the legal findings by judges in Indonesia, both normatively, sociologically, and empirically. The first issue raised is: how is the process of law enforcement by judges in court? Second, what factors influence law enforcement by the judge? This study uses an empirical juridical approach. Law enforcement carried out by judges in court, both at the Constitutional Court and the District Court, still pays attention to the juridical aspect, but the judge also pays attention to the social aspect or social values that apply in society (sociological aspect). These two aspects are combined in order to realize a substantial value of justice. The factors that influence law enforcement in court are: a. Applicable law; b. Community culture, namely social and moral values contained in society; c. The law enforcer, in this case the judge. Judges' views on the law; d. The perpetrator is a person who violates the law, in this case the behavior of the perpetrator is known, especially during the trial and in the community.Keywords: rechtsfinding; judge; justice.AbstrakTulisan ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui penemuan hukum oleh hakim di Indonesia, baik secara normatif, sosiologis, dan empiris. Permasalahan pertama yang diangkat adalah: bagaimana proses penegakan hukum oleh hakim  di  pengadilan? Kedua, faktor-faktor apakah yang mempengaruhi  penegakan hukum oleh hakim tersebut? Penelitian ini mengunakan metode pendekatan yuridis empiris.  Penegakan hukum yang dilakukan hakim di pengadilan baik di Mahkamah Konstitusi maupun Pengadilan Negeri tetap memperhatikan aspek yuridis, namun hakim juga memperhatikan aspek sosial atau nilai-nilai sosial yang berlaku di masyarakat (aspek sosiologis). Kedua aspek tersebut dipadukan dalam rangka mewujudkan nilai keadilan yang substansial. Faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi dalam penegakan hukum di pengadilan yaitu: a. Hukum yang berlaku; b. Kultur masyarakat yaitu nilai-nilai sosial dan moral yang terdapat dalam masyarakat; c. Penegak Hukumnya, dalam hal ini hakim. Pandangan-pandangan hakim tentang hukum; d. Pelaku yaitu orang yang melakukan pelanggaran hukum, dalam hal ini perilaku-perilaku dari pelaku yang diketahui terutama selama persidangan maupun di masyarakat.  Kata Kunci: penemuan hukum; hakim; keadilan.
Analisis Dasar Pertimbangan Hakim Tentang Pelanggaran Hak Ekonomi Penggandaan Fiksasi Siaran (Studi Putusan Nomor 724/PID.SUS/2020/PN.BDG)
Authors: Maharani Arnita Febi , Santoso Budi
Published: June 2023

AbstrakPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis dasar pertimbangan hakim dalam memutus perkara tentang pelanggaran hak ekonomi dalam kasus penggandaan fiksasi siaran dalam Putusan Pengadilan Negeri Bandung Nomor 724/Pid.Sus/2020/PN.Bdg. Metode pendekatan penelitian dalam penelitian ini adalah yuridis doktrinal. Penelitian ini bersifat deskriptif analitis yang bersumber data dari sumber data sekunder. Data yang telah didapatkan dianalisis secara kualitatif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan, bahwa terdakwa melakukan tindakan tersebut semata-mata untuk kepentingannya sendiri dalam mendapatkan manfaat ekonomi, sedangkan PT Global Media Visual sudah mengupayakan perlindungan secara preventif maupun represif selaku pemegang hak cipta sepak bola Liga Inggris musim 2019-2020. Berdasarkan fakta hukum yang terungkap dalam persidangan, menurut analisis penulis telah memenuhi rumusan dalam ketentuan Undang-Undang Nomor 28 Tahun 2014 tentang Hak Cipta, karena terdakwa sadar akan akibat hukum yang terjadi apabila bukan sebagai pemegang hak cipta yang sah. AbstractThis study aims to analyze the basis of judges' considerations in deciding cases regarding violations of economic rights in the case of broadcast fixation doubling in the Bandung District Court Decision Number 724/Pid.Sus/2020/PN.Bdg. The research approach method in this research is doctrinal juridical. This research is a descriptive analytical research that is sourced from secondary data sources. The data that has been obtained were analyzed qualitatively. The results of the study indicate that the defendant took this action solely for his own interests in obtaining economic benefits, while PT Global Media Visual has sought preventive and repressive protection as the copyright holder of the 2019-2020 English League football season. Based on the legal facts revealed in the trial, according to the author's analysis, he has fulfilled the formulation in the provisions of Law Number 28 of 2014 concerning Copyright, because the defendant is aware of the legal consequences that occur if he is not the legal copyright holder.
Program Asimilasi Dan Integrasi Kepada Anak Didik Pemasyarakatan Saat Pandemi Covid-19 (Studi Kasus di Lembaga Pembinaan Khusus Anak Kelas I Kutoarjo)
Authors: Trimiyati Rizqi Mely , Subroto Mitro
Published: June 2023

Efforts tried by the Indonesian government in carrying out the handling of Covid-19 widely. As one of the implementations that are being tried to prevent the formation of the spread of Covid-19, which is being tried by the Child Special Guidance Agency (LPKA). The issuance of the Regulation of the Minister of Law and Human Rights Number 43 of 2021 concerning the Second Substitution of the Minister of Law and Human Rights Number 32 of 2020 concerning Provisions and Methods for Providing Assimilation, Conditional Release, Leave Before Liability and Conditional Leave for Convicts and Children in the Context of Deterring and Overcoming the Spread of Covid-19. The issuance of regulations This creates pros and cons between the community. In this case, people are worried about the increase in the crime rate. The implementation of Minister of Law and Human Rights Number 43 of 2021 at the Kutoarjo Class I Children's Special Guidance Institute as many as 9 correctional students as of January 2022, in its implementation has negative and positive consequences. The provision of assimilation and integration programs at the Kutoarjo Class I Children's Special Guidance Institute has succeeded in reducing overcrowding, saving pay and increasing children's productivity. Keywords: Assimilation; Integration; Correctional Students Abstrak Upaya yang dicoba oleh pemerintah Indonesia dalam melaksanakan penanggulangan Covid- 19 secara meluas. Selaku salah satu implementasi yang dicoba buat melaksanakan penangkalan terbentuknya penyebaran Covid- 19 yang dicoba oleh Lembaga Pembinaan Khusus Anak (LPKA). Dikeluarkannya peraturan Permenkumham Nomor 43 Tahun 2021 Tentang Perubahan Kedua Atas Permenkumham Nomor 32 Tahun 2020 Tentang Ketentuan Serta Tata Cara Pemberian Asimilasi, Pembebasan Bersyarat, Cuti Menjelang Bebas Serta Cuti Bersyarat Untuk Narapidana Serta Anak Dalam Rangka Penangkalan Serta Penanggulangan Penyebaran Covid- 19. Adanya dikeluarkannya peraturan tersebut mengakitabkan pro dan kontra diantara masyarakat. Dimanya masyarakat timbul rasa khawair akan meningkatnya angka kriminalitas. Pelakasnaan Permenkumham Nomor 43 Tahun 2021 di Lembaga Pembinaan Khusus Anak Kelas I Kutoarjo sebanyak 9 anak didik pemasyarakatan per Januari 2022, dalam pelaksanaannya mempunyai akibat negatif dan positif yang ditimbulkan tersebut. Pemberian program asimilasi serta integrasi di Lembaga Pembinaan Khusus Anak Kelas I Kutoarjo, sukses kurangi kepadatan, mengirit bayaran dan tingkatkan produktivitas anak. Kata Kunci: Asimilasi; Integrasi; Anak Didik Pemasyarakatan
Penegakan Hukum Terhadap Pemalsu Identitas Dokter Dalam Perspektif Keadilan
Authors: Widasari Widodo Aristia Pradita , Ardiansah Ardiansah , Fahmi Sudi
Published: June 2023

This study aims to examine the problem of doctor identity counterfeiters and analyze law enforcement against doctor's identity counterfeiters according to positive law in force in Indonesia. This study uses a normative juridical research method using secondary data. The results of the study show that law enforcement against doctor's identity counterfeiters is based on RI Law Number 29 of 2004 concerning Medical Practice, RI Law Number 36 of 2014 concerning Health Workers, RI Law Number 8 of 1999 concerning Consumer Protection, and the Book of the Republic of Indonesia. Criminal Law Act. In these laws and regulations there are regulations that prohibit the use of identities that give the impression of being a doctor as well as criminal threats for perpetrators of counterfeiting. Meanwhile, in law enforcement cases of falsification of doctors' identities in Indonesia, it is felt that it is not appropriate according to the perspective of justice. The conclusion of the study is that law enforcement against doctor's identity counterfeiters has been carried out based on the relevant legislation. However, the application of sanctions that are not fully based on the applicable laws and regulations and do not contain the principles of justice Keywords: Justice; Identity Forgers; Law enforcement. Abstrak Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji permasalahan tentang pemalsu identitas dokter dan menganalisa penegakan hukum terhadap pemalsu identitas dokter menurut hukum positif yang berlaku di Indonesia. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian yuridis normatif menggunakan data sekunder. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa penegakan hukum terhadap pemalsu identitas dokter didasarkan pada Undang-Undang RI Nomor 29 Tahun 2004 tentang Praktik Kedokteran, Undang-Undang RI Nomor 36 Tahun 2014 tentang Tenaga Kesehatan, Undang-Undang RI Nomor 8 Tahun 1999 tentang Perlindungan Konsumen, dan Kitab Undang-Undang Hukum Pidana. Di dalam peraturan perundang-undangan tersebut terdapat peraturan yang melarang penggunaan identitas yang menimbulkan kesan sebagai dokter serta ancaman pidana bagi pelaku pemalsuan. Sedangkan dalam penegakan hukum kasus pemalsuan identitas dokter di Indonesia dirasakan belum sesuai menurut perspektif keadilan. Kesimpulan penelitian bahwa penegakan hukum terhadap pemalsu identitas dokter telah dilakukan berdasarkan perundang-undangan yang terkait. Akan tetapi penerapan sanksi yang belum sepenuhnya didasarkan pada peraturan perundangan-undangan yang berlaku serta tidak mengandung prinsip-prinsip keadilan Kata kunci: Keadilan; Pemalsu Identitas; Penegakan Hukum.
Penjatuhan Sanksi Pidana Penjara Tanpa Rehabilitasi Terhadap Penyalahguna Narkotika
Authors: Suryono Abraham Rodo , Ratnawati Elfrida
Published: June 2023

The purpose of this paper is to provide an overview of the rehabilitation order for narcotics abusers themselves. Law No. 35 of 2009 on Narcotics clearly stipulates that rehabilitation is mandatory for abusers. In fact, it is still common for court decisions to be made without rehabilitation for defendants who are proven to be abusers; this is as an example such case in Decision No. 1243/Pid.Sus/2022/PN Sby. This research is a normative juridical research with a statutory approach model (statue approach) and uses secondary data which is carried out by means of literature or literature studies. This study discusses the considerations of judges imposing prison sentences without rehabilitation for narcotics abusers for themselves being reviewed based on the principle of legal certainty). The results of the research show that Judge Decision No. 1243/Pid.Sus/2022/PN Sby, it is basically correct in using Article 127 paragraph (1) but it is not quite suitable in terms of imposing sanctions on the defendant for not ordering rehabilitation pursuant to Article 127 paragraph (2) and (3) of the Law on Narcotics. Thus a decision that is not in accordance with applicable regulations shows law enforcement that does not provide justice and legal certainty.
Pengawasan dalam Badan Pengawasan Keuangan dan Pembangunan (BPKP) terhadap Keuangan Negara Berdasarkan Peraturan BPKP
Authors: Felencia Naomi Catherine
Published: June 2023

The research aims to analyse the form of supervision carried out by the Financial and Development Supervisory Board (FDSB) on state financial reports based on FDSB regulations. The method used in this research is a normative method accompanied by an approach method through legislation. Results from this study are expected to provide knowledge regarding the role of FDSB in conducting supervision, especially in a case of corruption and the Social Insurance Administration Organization (BPJS) health body. In this case, the FDSB carries out its duties in accordance with laws and regulations. The FDSB has a duty to be a government oversight unit that is directly responsible to the President, does audits, and can also cooperate with other institutions. Keywords: Financial and Development Supervisory Board (FDSB), Supervision, Corruption, Social Insurance Administration Organization (BPJS). AbstrakPenelitian ini mempunyai tujuan untuk menganalisis bentuk pengawasan yang dilakukan oleh Badan Pengawasan Keuangan dan Pembangunan (BPKP) terhadap Keuangan Negara yang berdasarkan oleh peraturan BPKP. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian adalah metode normative yang disertai dengan metode pendekatan melalui peraturan perundang – undangan. Hasil penelitian ini diharapkan dapat memberi pengetahuan mengenai peran BPKP dalam melakukan pengawasan terutama dalam kasus Korupsi dan BPJS Kesehatan. Dalam kasus ini, BPKP menjalankan tugasnya sesuai dengan peraturan perundang-undangan. Dengan adanya penelitian ini, BPKP mempunyai tugas sebagai unit pengawasan pemerintah yang bertanggungjawab langsung kepada Presiden dan mempunyai tugas salah satunya melakukan audit yang selain itu juga dapat bekerja sama dengan lembaga lainnya.
Perlindungan Hukum Terhadap Konsumen Mengenai Peredaran Makanan Kadaluarsa Ditinjau Dari UU No. 8 Tahun 1999 Tentang Perlindungan Konsumen
Authors: Wandira Putri , Widanarti Herni , Muhyidin Muhyidin
Published: June 2023

Food or food products, which are daily human needs, can actually plunge consumers into losses. Not a few irresponsible and negligent business actors sell and distribute expired food products. The circulation of dangerous expired food raises questions about how legal protection is for consumers and what is the responsibility of business actors for losses received. The government as a supervisory body also underlies this question with Law Number 8 of 1999 concerning Consumer Protection. The purpose of this study is to determine legal protection for consumers regarding the distribution of expired food in terms of Law Number 8 of 1999 concerning Consumer Protection and to determine the responsibility of business actors for losses suffered by consumers. This study uses an empirical juridical approach. In this study, the respondents who were used as research data sources were the Palembang Food and Drug Administration (BPOM). The data collected is through primary data in the form of interviews and secondary data through writing, books, internet and laws. The analytical method used in this study was analyzed using qualitative methods, namely data consisting of a series of words. The results of the study show that the form of legal protection for consumers and the responsibility of business actors who harm consumers have been realized with the existence of Law Number 8 of 1999 concerning Consumer Protection and other related laws and with the assistance of the Center for Drug and Food Control (BPOM). as an institution that oversees the circulation of expired food.
The Role of Intersubjectivity in the Production and Appreciation of Humor
Authors: Surahmat Surahmat , Wijana I Dewa Putu , Baskoro Suryo
Published: June 2023

The aim of this study is to investigate the role of intersubjectivity in the production and appreciation of humor. Intersubjectivity is a concept in the phenomenological philosophy that explains the connection of humans to each other. Intersubjectivity  can be used to explain the nature and way of humor works; supplementing the three existing theories of humor namely incongruity theory, superiority theory, and relief theory. This study is a literature review which data were obtained from 30 scientific articles related to humor, intersubjectivity, and the link between the two. Data were excavated using the https://www.connectedpapers.com software. The research stages taken in accordance with the stages of literature review include design, provision of literature (conduct), analysis, and presentation.  The result showed that intersubjectivity has a role because it connects humor makers and connoisseurs through knowledge, feelings, awareness, and even mutual unconsciousness. Funny experiences can arise because makers and connoisseurs can access a “shared world” that allows a certain stimulation to bring out funny feelings that spark laughter. In the production and appreciation of humor intersubjectivity plays a role of (1) providing shared knowledge, (2) asserting the existence of emotions, and (3) directing the meaning of actions.
Studniční stavení ve Zlaté Koruně jako před-parléřovská stavebnice. Příklad inkorporace dlouhodobě deponovaných článků do mladší stavby
Authors: Facincani Filip
Published: June 2023

The aim of the paper is to present to present the results of the field survey of the fragments of the cloister lavatorium in Zlatá Koruna monastery and to present a proposal for reassessing the existing views on its building history. On the basis of formal analysis and comparison with local shape-related architectural parts, re-claimed by recent research, it proposes to accept the parts of cloister lavatorium as pre-Parlerian, and thus dating from around and after 1300. The paper does not dispute the building sequence of the convent and cloister as a whole, as accepted by the previous literature – it suggests that the parts of cloister lavatorium were made at the same time as the vault shafts of the north-west corner of the cloister and possibly the vault shafts of abbot’s chapel, and deposited in the grounds of the monastery building workshop before they could be incorporated into the building. Arguments for accepting the cloister lavatorium fragments as pre-Parlerian are their close formal association with the shafts of the north-west bay of the cloister, for which an early dating to c. 1300 and after is highly probable. Accepting the cloister lavatorium parts as a product of the construction phase of the turn of the 13th and 14th centuries means partially reconsidering the existing views on the pace of construction of the royal monastery of Zlatá Koruna. This seems to have been greater than research assumed at the turn of the centuries.
Tapiserie nebo nové umění? Proměny československé tapiserie v průběhu šedesátých let
Authors: Soukupová Veronika
Published: June 2023

The paper is a part of bachelor’s thesis entitled Tendencies Towards Pictorial Expressions in the 1960s Czechoslovak Textile Art. It deals with Czechoslovak textile art of the 1960s with a focus on woven tapestry. Against the background of the work of individual artists and contemporary theoretical reflections, it follows the parallels between the tendencies of fine art and textile art and the ever-increasing autonomy of textile expression related to the authors’ creative approach and the abandonment of the principles of applied art or decorative art. The work deals with artist-creator tapestry, also referred to as art fabric or new tapestry, as a distinctive artistic expression, which is based on one’s feelings, responds to external stimuli, and naturally becomes a part of the structure of fine art. It also deals with the issue of its categorization and terminology, which has proved to be problematic in these circumstances. The reassessment of the current view of the field of tapestry forms an important part of contemporary theoretical discourse.
Computing Graph Edit Distance via Neural Graph Matching
Authors: Piao Chengzhi , Xu Tingyang , Sun Xiangguo , Rong Yu , Zhao Kangfei , Cheng Hong
Published: June 2023

Graph edit distance (GED) computation is a fundamental NP-hard problem in graph theory. Given a graph pair (
G
1
,
G
2
), GED is defined as the minimum number of primitive operations converting
G
1
to
G
2
. Early studies focus on search-based inexact algorithms such as A*-beam search, and greedy algorithms using bipartite matching due to its NP-hardness. They can obtain a sub-optimal solution by constructing an edit path (the sequence of operations that converts
G
1
to
G
2
). Recent studies convert the GED between a given graph pair (
G
1
,
G
2
) into a similarity score in the range (0, 1) by a well designed function. Then machine learning models (mostly based on graph neural networks) are applied to predict the similarity score. They achieve a much higher numerical precision than the sub-optimal solutions found by classical algorithms. However, a major limitation is that these machine learning models cannot generate an edit path. They treat the GED computation as a pure regression task to bypass its intrinsic complexity, but ignore the essential task of converting
G
1
to
G
2
. This severely limits the interpretability and usability of the solution.

In this paper, we propose a novel deep learning framework that solves the GED problem in a two-step manner: 1) The proposed graph neural network GEDGNN is in charge of predicting the GED value and a matching matrix; and 2) A post-processing algorithm based on
k
-best matching is used to derive
k
possible node matchings from the matching matrix generated by GEDGNN. The best matching will finally lead to a high-quality edit path. Extensive experiments are conducted on three real graph data sets and synthetic power-law graphs to demonstrate the effectiveness of our framework. Compared to the best result of existing GNN-based models, the mean absolute error (MAE) on GED value prediction decreases by 4.9% ~ 74.3%. Compared to the state-of-the-art searching algorithm Noah, the MAE on GED value based on edit path reduces by 53.6% ~ 88.1%.
Collective Grounding: Applying Database Techniques to Grounding Templated Models
Authors: Augustine Eriq , Getoor Lise
Published: June 2023

The process of instantiating, or "grounding", a first-order model is a fundamental component of reasoning in logic. It has been widely studied in the context of theorem proving, database theory, and artificial intelligence. Within the relational learning community, the concept of grounding has been expanded to apply to models that use more general
templates
in the place of first-order logical formulae. In order to perform inference, grounding of these templates is required for instantiating a distribution over possible worlds. However, because of the complex data dependencies stemming from instantiating generalized templates with interconnected data, grounding is often the key computational bottleneck to relational learning. While we motivate our work in the context of relational learning, similar issues arise in probabilistic databases, particularly those that do not make strong tuple independence assumptions. In this paper, we investigate how key techniques from relational database theory can be utilized to improve the computational efficiency of the grounding process. We introduce the notion of
collective grounding
which treats logical programs not as a collection of independent rules, but instead as a joint set of interdependent workloads that can be shared. We introduce the theoretical concept of collective grounding, the components necessary in a collective grounding system, implementations of these components, and show how to use database theory to speed up these components. We demonstrate collective groundings effectiveness on seven popular datasets, and show up to a 70% reduction in runtime using collective grounding. Our results are fully reproducible and all code, data, and experimental scripts are included.
An Experimental Evaluation of Process Concept Drift Detection
Authors: Adams Jan Niklas , Pitsch Cameron , Brockhoff Tobias , van der Aalst Wil M. P.
Published: June 2023

Process mining provides techniques to learn models from event data. These models can be descriptive (e.g., Petri nets) or predictive (e.g., neural networks). The learned models offer operational support to process owners by conformance checking, process enhancement, or predictive monitoring. However, processes are frequently subject to significant changes, making the learned models outdated and less valuable over time. To tackle this problem,
Process Concept Drift
(PCD) detection techniques are employed. By identifying when the process changes occur, one can replace learned models by relearning, updating, or discounting pre-drift knowledge. Various techniques to detect PCDs have been proposed. However, each technique's evaluation focuses on different evaluation goals out of accuracy, latency, versatility, scalability, parameter sensitivity, and robustness. Furthermore, the employed evaluation techniques and data sets differ. Since many techniques are not evaluated against more than one other technique, this lack of comparability raises one question:
How do PCD detection techniques compare against each other?
With this paper, we propose, implement, and apply a unified evaluation framework for PCD detection. We do this by collecting evaluation goals and evaluation techniques together with data sets. We derive a representative sample of techniques from a taxonomy for PCD detection. The implemented techniques and proposed evaluation framework are provided in a publicly available repository. We present the results of our experimental evaluation and observe that none of the implemented techniques works well across all evaluation goals. However, the results indicate future improvement points of algorithms and guide practitioners.
Towards Efficient Index Construction and Approximate Nearest Neighbor Search in High-Dimensional Spaces
Authors: Zhao Xi , Tian Yao , Huang Kai , Zheng Bolong , Zhou Xiaofang
Published: June 2023

The approximate nearest neighbor (ANN) search in high-dimensional spaces is a fundamental but computationally very expensive problem. Many methods have been designed for solving the ANN problem, such as LSH-based methods and graph-based methods. The LSH-based methods can be costly to reach high query quality due to the hash-boundary issues, while the graph-based methods can achieve better query performance by greedy expansion in an approximate proximity graph (APG). However, the construction cost of these APGs can be one or two orders of magnitude higher than that for building hash-based indexes. In addition, they fail short in incrementally maintaining APGs as the underlying dataset evolves. In this paper, we propose a novel approach named LSH-APG to build APGs and facilitate fast ANN search using a lightweight LSH framework. LSH-APG builds an APG via consecutively inserting points based on their nearest neighbor relationship with an efficient and accurate LSH-based search strategy. A high-quality entry point selection technique and an LSH-based pruning condition are developed to accelerate index construction and query processing by reducing the number of points to be accessed during the search. LSH-APG supports fast maintenance of APGs in lieu of building them from scratch as dataset evolves. Its maintenance cost and query cost for a point is proven to be less affected by dataset cardinality. Extensive experiments on real-world and synthetic datasets demonstrate that LSH-APG incurs significantly less construction cost but achieves better query performance than existing graph-based methods.
Learned Index: A Comprehensive Experimental Evaluation
Authors: Sun Zhaoyan , Zhou Xuanhe , Li Guoliang
Published: June 2023

Indexes can improve query-processing performance by avoiding full table scans. Although traditional indexes (e.g., B+-tree) have been widely used, learned indexes are proposed to adopt machine learning models to reduce the query latency and index size. However, existing learned indexes are (1) not thoroughly evaluated under the same experimental framework and are (2) not comprehensively compared with different settings (e.g., key lookup, key insert, concurrent operations, bulk loading). Moreover, it is hard to select appropriate learned indexes for practitioners in different settings. To address those problems, this paper detailedly reviews existing learned indexes and discusses the design choices of key components in learned indexes, including key lookup (position inference which predicts the position of a key, and position refinement which re-searches the position if the predicted position is incorrect), key insert, concurrency, and bulk loading. Moreover, we provide a testbed to facilitate the design and test of new learned indexes for researchers. We compare state-of-the-art learned indexes in the same experimental framework, and provide findings to select suitable learned indexes under various practical scenarios.
SINIF ÖĞRETMENLERİNİN UZUNLUK ÖLÇMEYE İLİŞKİN ALAN BİLGİLERİNİN DURUMSAL YAKLAŞIM TEMELLİ BİR MESLEKİ GELİŞİM ÇALIŞMASI BAĞLAMINDA İNCELENMESİ
Authors: ÇİFTÇİ S. Koza , GÜVEN AKDENİZ Dilşad , AT Emine
Published: June 2023

Bu çalışmanın amacı, sınıf öğretmenlerinin uzunluk ölçmeye yönelik birim kavramı, birimin uygunluğu ve eş birim kullanımına ilişkin alan bilgilerini bir mesleki gelişim çalışması kapsamında incelemektir. Nitel araştırma desenlerinden durum çalışması deseni benimsenen çalışmada katılımcılar amaçlı örnekleme yöntemi ile belirlenen üç sınıf öğretmeninden oluşmuştur. Çalışmanın verileri üç aşamalı mesleki gelişim çalışması kapsamında toplanmıştır. Elde edilen verilerin incelenmesinde betimsel analiz yöntemi kullanılmıştır. Veriler uzunluk ölçme sürecine ilişkin alanyazın esas alınarak analiz edilmiştir. Bulgular, sınıf öğretmenlerinin mesleki gelişim çalışması öncesi uzunluk ölçme süreci ve birime yönelik anlamaları ve alan bilgilerinin yetersiz olduğunu göstermiştir. Ancak mesleki gelişim çalışması boyunca öğretmenlerin ölçme ve birime yönelik bilgilerinde olumlu yönde bir değişikliğin meydana geldiği görülmüştür. Bu bağlamda, mesleki gelişim çalışmalarının öğretmenlerin alan ve pedagojik alan bilgilerinin oluşumunda önemli bir etkiye sahip olduğu görülmektedir.
Sustainable bioconversion of synthetic plastic wastes to polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA) bioplastics: recent advances and challenges
Authors: Neifar Mohamed , Hammami Khouloud , Souissi Yasmine , Cherif Ameur
Published: June 2023

Millions of tons of chemical plastics are accumulated annually worldwide in terrestrial and marine environments due to inadequate recycling plants and facilities and low circular use. Their continuous accumulation and contamination of soil and water pose a severe threat to the environment and to human, animal and plant health. There is therefore an urgent need to develop effective eco-environmental strategies to overcome the significant environmental impacts of traditional plastic waste management practises (incineration, landfilling, and recycling). In recent years, reports on microbial strains equipped with the potential of degrading plastic materials, which can further be converted into usable products such as PHA bioplastics have sprung up, and these offer a possibility to develop microbial and enzymatic technologies for plastic waste treatment and then progressing plastics circularity. In this chapter, an overview of the reported microbial and enzymatic degradations of petroleum-based synthetic plastics, specifically polyethylene, polystyrene, polypropylene, polyvinyl chloride, polyurethane and polyethylene terephthalate, is detailed. Furthermore, the harvesting of depolymerization products to produce new PHA materials with high added industrial value can be considered as an innovative solution, helping to increase synthetic plastic recycling rate and creating new circular economy opportunities. Finally, the challenge of ending plastic pollution is still difficult, but sustainable, renewable, bio-based and completely biodegradable, PHA will hold enormous promise for replacing plastics made from petrochemicals.
The incidence of schizophrenia in the context of growing up in urbanised vs. green areas – a narrative review
Authors:   Harmonia Luxmed Medical Center, Warsaw, Poland, Murawiec Sławomir
Published: June 2023

The neurodevelopmental theory of schizophrenia describes multiple risk factors of this serious mental disorder. These include genetic factors that generally have biological roots, as well as factors related to the upbringing in a specific environment during childhood and adolescence of a person who will develop schizophrenia in adulthood. The neurodevelopmental hypothesis also implies the existence of protective factors. The paper discusses selected environmental risk factors and protective factors of schizophrenia in the context of ecopsychiatry. Urbanicity has for decades been a factor indicated as one that increases the risk of schizophrenia. Contemporary research helps understand how growing up in an urban environment affects brain development, with a particular focus on grey matter volume changes in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex and the perigenual anterior cingulate cortex. The impact of air pollution as a risk factor for schizophrenia is also the subject of discussions. Exposure to outdoor air pollutants containing particulate matter and ultrafine particulate matter, gases, organic compounds, and metals can lead to neurotoxicity and neuropathology. Air pollution can affect the brain through such mechanisms as inflammation and oxidative stress. On contrary, higher exposure to green spaces has been suggested to reduce the incidence of schizophrenia. Some research indicates a dose-response association between the level of exposure to green space in childhood and a lower risk of developing schizophrenia in the future. The presented review of selected publications indicates that exposure to a certain environment in childhood and adolescence modulates the risk of schizophrenia. Environments heavily transformed by human activity (urbanisation) and characterised by a high level of chemical contamination (toxins, air pollution, smog) are a risk factor for schizophrenia. Protective factors, on the other hand, include direct contact with the natural environment from childhood through adolescence to adulthood.
Is Neanderthal gene introgression into Homo sapiens genome an adaptive anti-inflammatory phenomenon that increases depression risk?
Authors:   Department of Affective and Psychotic Disorders, Medical University of Lodz, Łódź, Poland, Nowak Marcin Piotr , Pawełczyk Tomasz ,   Department of Affective and Psychotic Disorders, Medical University of Lodz, Łódź, Poland
Published: June 2023

Genes of Neanderthal ancestry are believed to have become incorporated in the modern Homo sapiens genome via hybridisation and introgression. Although the majority have been eliminated from the population by natural selection due to Dobzhansky–Muller incompatibilities, some of them nevertheless remain, suggesting they have been selected for and have some adaptive value. The current work examines hypotheses explaining the emergence of depressive symptoms and disorders from an evolutionary standpoint. Neither the incentive hypothesis nor any social hypothesis (social position hypothesis, attachment hypothesis, social navigation hypothesis) accommodates any evidence of archaic introgression. However, the immunological hypothesis, corroborated by a considerable body of research, treats depressive symptoms as part of immunologic response. According to the hypothesis, infections have placed a considerable selective pressure on humans. Upon arrival in Eurasia from Africa, Homo sapiens was confronted with unknown pathogenic microorganisms. In contrast, the Neanderthals populating Eurasia had already been adapting to them for millennia. Introgression of Neanderthal man alleles of genes associated with the immunological response has already been demonstrated in Homo sapiens, and may well increase the fitness of newcomers. Such inclusion of genes connected with depressive symptoms may explain why archaic alleles are still present in the gene pool of modern humans.
Comparison of image operators for time-based photogrammetry
Authors: Hideghéty Andrej , Fraštia Marek
Published: June 2023

Real-time deformation measurements have the potential to be used in a wide range of civil and structural engineering applications. This paper introduces an algorithm that utilizes time-based photogrammetry to measure deformations in real-time. The hardware used in the algorithm consists of a camera and a computer that runs camera-control software and a MATLAB code. The code is responsible for detecting the approximate locations of the circular targets using normalized 2D cross-correlation and performing the sub-pixel measurement of the center by fitting an ellipse on the edges of the circular target. During an experimental load test of a concrete slab outfitted with Ringed Automated Detection targets, a series of images were taken at different loads. The coordinates of the targets were measured using the edge-ellipse operator, least-squares matching, and digital image correlation methods. The edge-ellipse operator has proven to be an effective method of measuring the image coordinates of circular targets.
Strengthening of Mg–Al–Ca alloys with C15 and C36 Laves phases
Authors: Zubair Muhammad , Sandlöbes-Haut Stefanie , Pei Risheng , Wollenweber Maximilian A. , Berners Lukas , Kusche Carl F. , Liu Chuanlai , Roters Franz , Gibson James S. K.-L. , Korte-Kerzel Sandra
Published: June 2023

Laves phases such as CaMg2 (C14), Ca(Al,Mg)2 (C36), and CaAl2 (C15) have high melting points, high hardness at room and elevated temperatures, but are inherently brittle. Cast Mg–Al–Ca alloys having Laves phase skeleton thus have good creep properties but limited ductility. An understanding of the co-deformation behaviour of α-Mg and Laves phases is essential for further improving the mechanical performance of these alloys. Here, we study the mechanical behaviour of a Mg–4.65Al–2.82Ca alloy using micropillar compression in the α-Mg matrix, at α-Mg/C36 and α-Mg/C15 interfaces and in the C15 phase in combination with scanning electron microscopy. We show that both, C15 and C36 phases, provide considerable strengthening to the α-Mg matrix. The amount of strengthening primarily depends on the volume fraction and geometry of Laves phases in composite micropillars and correlates well with the iso-strain and iso-stress bounds predicted for α-Mg/C36 and α-Mg/C15 composites.

Graphical Abstract
Robert McKim, ed., Laudato Si’ and the Environment: Pope Francis’ Green Encyclical
Authors: Zenner Christiana
Published: June 2023

Robert McKim, ed., Laudato Si’ and the Environment: Pope Francis’ Green Encyclical (New York: Routledge, 2020), 254 pp, $48.95 (pbk), ISBN: 9780367777210.
El trabajo en Martín Lutero y autores luteranos recientes
Authors: Blanco-Sarto Pablo
Published: June 2023

En estas líneas estudiamos la teología del trabajo en Lutero a través de sus principales obras, así como las recientes aportaciones en este ámbito confesional a partir de la doctrina del reformador. Por un lado, el trabajo es presentado por estos autores como una continuación de la creación, sin apenas referirse al trabajo de Jesús, más que en lo que se refiere a las alusiones a la teología de la cruz. Además, está latente la cuestión de si el trabajo es castigo divino, consecuencia del pecado original, o algo relacionado con la propia vocación del cristiano. Esta concepción evoluciona con el tiempo en autores luteranos recientes. En fin, es abordada aquí la cuestión de si esta concepción del trabajo es más de orden social-espiritual, o si presenta también una fundamentación teológica.
José Luis BARRIOCANAL GÓMEZ, Francisco RAMIS DARDER y Santiago AUSÍN OLMOS, Los libros proféticos, Estella: Verbo Divino («Introducción al Estudio de la Biblia», 4), 2023, 752 pp., 16 x 24, ISBN 978-84-9073-875-7.
Authors: Milán Fernando
Published: June 2023

Book Review
Daniel CAPÓ y Carlos GRANADOS, Florecer, Madrid: Didaskalos, 2023, 165 pp., 18 x 12, ISBN 978-84-1943-105-9.
Authors: Chica-Arellano Fernando
Published: June 2023

Book Review
María Luisa PRO VELASCO y Francisco Javier SANCHO FERMÍN, Santa Teresa de Jesús mujer excepcional, 50º Aniversario del doctorado de santa Teresa (Monte Carmelo), 2022, 506 pp., 16 x 23, ISBN 978-84-1930-700-2.
Authors: González-Teodoro Jorge-Rafael
Published: June 2023

Book Review
STUDY OF THE INFLUENCE OF SILVER ALLOYING ON THE MICROSTRUCTURE AND PROPERTIES OF MAGNESIUM ALLOY NZ30K FOR IMPLANTS IN OSTEOSYNTHESIS
Authors: Greshta V. , Shalomeev V. , Dzhus А. , Mityaev M.
Published: June 2023

Purpose. Study of the influence of silver alloying of magnesium alloy NZ30K on its mechanical properties for use in the manufacture of biodegradable implants.
Research methods. The tensile strength and relative elongation of the samples were determined on a P5 tensile machine at room temperature. The microstructure of the samples was studied using a “Carl Zeiss” optical electron microscope using the “Observer.D1m” software. Samples were used after etching with a reagent containing 1 % nitric acid, 20 % acetic acid, 19 % distilled water, and 60 % ethylene glycol. Fractographic analysis of sample fractures was performed on a JSM-6360LA scanning electron microscope. The phase analysis of the structural components of magnesium alloys was studied using an electron microscope – a microanalyzer with an energy dispersive attachment РEMMA 202М and РЕМ 16I. Research on biocorrosion was carried out by keeping the samples in a solution of gelofusin – an artificial blood substitute for 2, 4, 6 weeks, using a TC-20 MICROmed thermostat.
Results. The study showed that silver was a part of the complex alloyed intermetallic phases, which were additional crystallization centers. In this case, the average grain size decreases by almost three times compared to the original alloy. It was found that the optimal set of properties is achieved by the introduction of 0.1 % Ag, while the tensile strength increases by 7.9 % and the relative elongation almost doubles. It was found that the magnesium alloy with silver (0.1 %) slows down biocorrosion processes and helps to maintain a high level of tensile strength  (σB = 205 MPa) after 6 weeks of exposure to a solution of helofusine. Thus, silver is a promising material for improving the structure and increasing the mechanical properties of biodegradable magnesium alloy implants.
Scientific novelty. The silver content for alloying the NZ30K alloy was determined to be 0.1 % Ag, which forms the optimal ratio of strength and ductility, grain structure refinement, and slowing down biocorrosion processes.
Practical value. NZ30K alloy with the addition of 0.1 % silver is promising for use in the manufacture of implants. The studied alloy provides the required level of properties until complete fracture consolidation.
CREATION OF SPECIAL CONSTRUCTION MATERIAL USING THE ROLLING METHOD OF ASYMMETRICAL PACKAGES FOR DUAL-PURPOSE PRODUCTS
Authors: Mishchenko V. , Byelikov S. , Klimov O. , Kripak А. , Tonkonoh D. , Kornienko V. , Kharchenko А.
Published: June 2023

Purpose. The object of research in this work was the creation of a bimetallic material with increased mechanical and operational properties by rolling asymmetric packages. According to the preliminary results of the structure and properties research, the optimal compositions of the base and cladding layer of the bimetallic workpiece with the smallest difference in thermal expansion coefficients were selected. With the help of asymmetric rolling of base packages – steel 14Х17Н13КМБх + cladding layer-steel 03Х17Н3Г9МБДЮч, a bimetallic workpiece was made, which had low stresses in the welded seam and the zone of thermal influence, unlike the package 14Х17Н13КМБх + 10ХФТБх. Therefore, no grooving and thermal cracks were observed in the bimetal samples during the magneithermal production of spongy titanium. The inflow of nickel into spongy titanium from the surface of the plating layer during the recovery process did not exceed 0.004 % by mass. in the first five blocks of titanium since the beginning of operation.

Research methods. Metallographic, durometric, dilatometric.

Results. With the help of dilatometric research, the coefficients of thermal expansion of samples of base steels – 14Х17Н13КМБх, and steels of the cladding layer – 10ХФТБх and 03Х17Н3Г9МБДЮч were obtained. As a result of research close to production conditions, a bimetallic workpiece was obtained, which is not subject to gouging, is crack-resistant and does not cause nickel to flow into the titanium sponge.

Scientific novelty. On the basis of experimental data, the development of destruction of the inner surface of the reactors of the magnetothermal process for the production of sponge titanium, which is subjected to temperature, mechanical load and periodic contact with titanium tetrachloride, liquid magnesium and magnesium chloride, which leads to grooving, the appearance of cracks in the reactor and the inflow of nickel into the titanium sponge, has been established. It is shown that in order to eliminate these undesirable phenomena, it is necessary to use a bimetallic material of different chemical composition with similar structure and physical and mechanical properties: coefficient of thermal expansion, hardness and strength limit.

Practical value. On the basis of research results, the chemical composition of the base – steel 14Х17Н13КМБч, cladding layer – steel 03Х17Н3Г9МБДЮч and the mode of hot deformation were developed, which made it possible to obtain the necessary structure, physico-mechanical and service properties.
NEW TECHNOLOGY FOR FEEDING BLACKSMITH INGOTS
Authors: Kuzovov O. , Sazhnev V. , Maly O.
Published: June 2023

Purpose. To make a comparative calculation of the geometric parameters of overfills for blacksmith ingots according to traditional and experimental technology using modern heat-insulating products – domestically produced cross-bars, one of the components of which is paper.

Research methods. Proven engineering methods of calculations of overflows for ingots and castings, based on the experience of domestic and foreign foundries, as well as our own practical experience and scientific research.

Results. The calculations of the size of overburden (head) for nine ingots (weigh from 1 to 15 tons) conventionally divided into three groups by design and execution. All parts – the pourer, the through tray and the overflow attachment are made separately, for the ingots of the first group. Assembled, these elements form a casting mold, which is installed on a pallet (2- or 4- place) and filled with a siphon through the central one. According to the current technology, the castings of the first group were lined with the usual molding mixture with liquid glass, sealing in the space between the model and the case of the casting attachment, followed by thermal drying. For drains of the second and third groups, the spouts are also through, pouring – with a siphon on a pallet. The overflow attachment is also removable, it was lined with fireclay bricks and then dried. Structurally, all ingots represented a pressed cone with an upward expansion and a wavy side surface, the bottom part of the ingot represented a pressed cone with an upward expansion and a smooth side surface, the overflow – a pressed cone with an upward narrowing and a smooth side surface.

Scientific novelty. The vast majority of cases, using cross-bars, the estimated efficiency coefficient of the overfill is 0.28, which made it possible to significantly reduce the size of the overfill and obtain a significant saving of liquid metal for each casting or ingot, was established. For conventional technologies traditionally used in the practice of making blacksmith ingots, the coefficient of effectiveness is 0.19 (for a combined form: the sand part of the form for the overfill and the metal part for the working part of the ingot) and 0.11...0.14 – for a completely sand form.

Practical value. A method of calculating overfills under the lining with their modern heat-insulating products – cross-bars – has been developed. Due to the favorable thermophysical properties of the material of the cross-bars, it is possible to reduce the size of overflows and, thereafter, reduce the consumption of liquid metal. The use of cross-bars instead of the above-mentioned technologies also significantly improves sanitary and hygienic conditions and a productivity at the site of the preparation of overfills for pouring. New power supply technologies and constructions of overflow extensions for the cross-bars, which have been in operation for about 6 years (the first group) and 3 years (the second and third groups), have been developed.