bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
K-4 Impact on Dehydration Process of Red Mud Settling
Authors: Salamatov V I , Salamatov O V , Yu Zabolotnyaya D
Published: February 2022

The article represents the results of a study on the red mud dehydration process (thickening, filtration, filtration washing) obtained in the alumina production during the processing of the low-silica bauxites. The synthetic flocculant K-4 has been used in order to intensify the red mud dehydration process. The main washing periods have been studied in the process of the filtration washing analysis. The expendable module impact on the effectiveness of aluminate solution cleaning (mother liquor) obtained from the mud settling has been represented. The settling washing, treated by the flocculant, has been established to allow increasing the quantity of the specific effective moisture at the cost of the mutual volume of the standing pores and the grow of free moisture volume.
Methods for Preserving Biodiversity of Meadow Steppes in the Middle Lena Valley
Authors: Ustinova V V , Barashkova N V
Published: February 2022

This article considers the results of the studies of the Agricultural and Ecological Group 6 lands of the Nam agricultural landscape conducted in the lower Lena valley under various nutrition regimens in natural steppificated meadows with content of steppe grasses of up to 52%. We established that steppe grasses react differently to fertilizers. Using various dosages of mineral and organic fertilizers helped increase the share of couch grass up to 74­93% while maintaining the share of steppe bluegrass at 14%, along with the mixed herbs including creeping sage at 24%. The combined use of organic and mineral fertilizers helps preserve steppe grasses, especially couch grass, up to 93% while preserving the steppe bluegrass up to 12% and mixed herbs up to 24%, which facilitates the hay fodder yield of up to 20 dt/ha.
Creation of Innovative Food Products Based on Soybeans to Ensure Food Security of the Far Eastern Region
Authors: Skripko O V , Bodrug N S
Published: February 2022

The formation of a healthy lifestyle of the population of the Russian Federation, including due to the supply of nutrition foods, is an important task that is supported at the state level. The development of innovative food technologies using regional raw materials can be positively influenced by the country’s food security. Studies are aimed at studying consumer demand for enriched emulsion foods in the form of mayonnaise and mayonnaise sauces of functional appointment and the development of new recipes and technologies of the products of the specified assortment group. It was established that in the region there is a deficiency of low fatty, with a balanced fatty acid composition enriched with vitamins. The range of mayonnaise products offered by the regional trading network does not satisfy consumers and requires the development of innovative emulsion foods of functional purpose. As a result of experimental studies, the technology of mayonnaise sauce from soy protein and a vitamin and fat basis, which includes a blend of soy and sesame vegetable oils and sea buckthorn berries. The resulting mayonnaise sauce is characterized as a high-protein, low-calorie product, with the optimal ratio of polyunsaturated (ω-6: ω-3) fatty acids, enriched with β-carotene, vitamins E and C.
Technogenic Placer Deposits of the Artic Zone of Yakutia
Authors: Moskvitin S G
Published: February 2022

The northern parts of the Arctic Zone of the Sakha Republic (Yakutia) are the most industrialized regions of the Republic. Since the 1930s, there has been intensive mining of alluvial and primary tin and gold placers. The 60-70-year mining operation has accumulated huge mining residues in the region, leaving behind useful components owing to deficiencies in mining technology at the time and deviations from mining technology. These wastes are considered technogenic placer deposits. The study of these wastes has identified the following types of technological s: 1 – technogenic placers of tin and gold; 2 - technogenic combined placers of gold and kularit; 3 - technogenic placers of tailings ponds consisting of mining wastes of gold and tin ore placers.
Construction and Current Maintenance of the Reinforced Ballast Layer of the Railway Track
Authors: Abrashitov A , Sidrakov A , Zaitsev A
Published: February 2022

The article presents the ideas for the construction and the current maintenance of the reinforced plastic geogrid top ballast composed of crushed solid rock. Meanwhile, the reinforced ballast material acquires new properties, which lead to the formation of a composite material with new properties. In the reinforced material, only micro-deformations occur under the dynamic load, which is intrinsic to solid rock. In this case, laboratory simulation of reinforced ballast with a cyclic load showed that multilayer stabilization with three geogrids reduces settelment by 67% and does not require cleaning during the entire service life of the reinforced top ballast.

The construction and the current maintenance of the composite structure make a real difference from the ballastless structure of the railway track as the work techniques with geosynthetics in the ballast subgrade are properly developed, and they are widely used during the repairs of railway track, because the development of the technology for the creation of reinforced geocomposite will not cause any problem.
Assessment of Carbon Dioxide Emissions due to Forest Fires in Russia and Possible Ways to Reduce Them
Authors: Kopylov S N , Kopylov N P , Strizhak P A , Bukhtoyarov D V
Published: February 2022

Calculations of CO2 emissions into the atmosphere caused by forest fires in Russia as well as an experimental assessment of some possibilities to reduce the emissions were carried out. It was shown that calculations with the usage of the average values of the reserves of combustible forest materials (CFM), the area of fires and the value of the mass rate of wood burning gives the same results as the approach based on the relatively accurate data on the reserves of CFM and their distribution over the fire area as well as an information on the character of forest fires. It was obtained experimentally that the continuous short-term supply of sprayed extinguishing liquid does not reduce but increases the yield of carbon dioxide due to the earlier termination of the flame burning and transition of the process to the smoldering regime. It is possible to reduce CO2 emissions into the atmosphere caused by forest fires up to 3-5 times when the extinguishing liquid is sprayed by applying two short-term pulses to eliminate both flaming and smoldering combustion.
Method for Determining Forecast Time of Cargo Flow Occupying Transport Routes
Authors: Serova D S , Garlickii E I
Published: February 2022

At present, carriers are focused on improving profitability and efficiency of transportation, reducing freight costs, and providing high quality customer service when their operation work is planned. This is why the question of the time it takes to deliver goods to the destination stations is highly relevant. The authors introduced the concept of forecast time of cargo delivery. The progress of cargo flow along transport routes is modeled; parameters affecting the forecast time of cargo delivery are determined; a method for determining the forecast time of cargo arrival at the unloading station (transshipment) is developed. The method is based on determining the time that the flow occupies the facilities along transport routes based on their loads.
Analyzing the Impact of Dust Emissions from Metallurgical Enterprises on the Environment
Authors: Tepina M S , Gorlenko N V , Murzin M A
Published: February 2022

The metallurgical industry is an integral part of the Russian economy. Therefore, the improvement of technological processes at enterprises and the expansion of the raw material base by involving new deposits and production waste pose a significant threat to the environment. The city of Shelekhov is one of the most polluted cities not only in the Irkutsk Region, but also in Russia. Based on the results of a study of various literary sources, it has been found that Shelekhov is a city with a high level of air pollution and a high concentration of emissions per person per year, which makes the problem under consideration relevant. In our work, we used the methodology for calculating atmospheric air pollution, in which the duration of exposure to concentrations exceeding the established standards was used as a criterion for assessing atmospheric pollution. Based on the results of the calculations, it was confirmed that the concentration of pollutants in the form of aerosols in the atmospheric air for a long time exceeded the established average daily maximum allowable concentration. As a result of the calculations, we made a schematic map of the distribution of impurities from stationary sources in Shelekhov. This affects the general well-being of the city’s population, primarily among children and adolescents. Based on the studies concerning the disease incidence of the population, it was found that over time, the overall rate of illnesses in children only increases, and the most frequent diseases are respiratory ones.
Research Into Demand for Intercepting Parking in the City of Rostov-On-Don
Authors: Sorokina D N
Published: February 2022

Thousands of cars come daily to the city of Rostov-on-Don. During working hours, the city’s street-road network is congested, it’s hard to find a parking space. Quite frequently, out-of-town drivers leave private transport in parking lots of large shopping centers at the entrance to the city and then make a change to public transport. However, this creates parking difficulties for those who actually come to shopping centers. This article discusses one of the possible ways to solve this problem, namely intercepting parking. This is confirmed by the data obtained in an a priori ranking of factors on the basis of a survey covering out-of-town drivers.
Modelling an Integrated Control Object
Authors: Akhmedyanova G , Lomukhin I , Pishchukhin A
Published: February 2022

The paper investigates two schemes for modelling an integrated control object: with an embedded model in the loop and with the selection of several levels of control. It is noted that the multi-level scheme allows the solution of individual tasks to be divided into fairly independent levels. This allows you to reduce the multi-connectivity of the system and apply coordinate-parametric control. Coordinate control is carried out within the limits of levels, and the impact of hierarchically higher levels change the parameters of the structural elements of the underlying subsystems. In this case, the contribution of each influencing factor to ensuring the achievement of the highest goal of managing the integrated object is more accurately estimated. At the same time, the integral assessment makes it possible to objectively evaluate the contribution of each of the control actions listed in the work and, accordingly, optimally divide the control resources between them with maximizing the overall level of achieving the goals of the upper levels of management. The revealed theoretical results were applied to develop a multi-level scheme for managing the quality of the development of a hydrocarbon field.
On the Relationship of an Active Fault Seismicity with the Gas Production Dynamics by Example of the Aniva Gas Fields on Sakhalin Island
Authors: Kamenev P
Published: February 2022

On the example of the Aniva gas fields, Sakhalin island located in the immediate vicinity of the active Central Sakhalin Fault, the dependences of the seismicity level on the gas production rate are shown. The distribution of earthquake epicenters is usually confined to the boundaries of the developed fields. While the areas of the fields themselves remain almost aseismic. The main contribution to the level of local seismicity is made by the regional Central Sakhalin Fault and its impact zone structures. It is noted that during the entire production time, there was no significant earthquake in their vicinity that would have caused damage to the social infrastructure. However, the obvious correlation between the production dynamics and seismic activity makes it necessary to further study and monitor the seismicity in the fields area.
Calculation Scheme of Purification of Industrial Emissions in Separators of Nozzle Type
Authors: Enikeev I Kh
Published: February 2022

The article discusses a model of motion of a four-phase continuum that simulates the flow of dusty gas in a nozzle separator. The main design features of such separators are considered, in particular The rebound of solid particles from the walls of the nozzle is taken into account and their influence on the efficiency of cleaning gas and dust flows in separators of this type is investigated. It is shown that, at high mass contents of the dispersed phase in the inlet section of the nozzle of the first stage, the distribution of the parameters of the dispersed flow in the flow part of the separator has a nonmonotonic character.
Protection Against Traffic Noise Acoustic Screens with Solar Cells
Authors: Dzyuba N , Kaverzneva T , Leonova N , Skripnik I
Published: February 2022

In connection with the growth of cities and the increase in building density, the problem of noise control in the city is becoming increasingly relevant. To protect residential areas from the noise of traffic flows in megacities, acoustic barriers with their own design features are widely used. These features can be based on a number of reasons: a complex noise picture, imperfection of noise insulation or noise absorption materials, high cost of execution, and other reasons. The article shows that the use of transport acoustic barriers with hoods, the design of which includes solar panels, can ensure the investment attractiveness of highway projects due to the potential profit from the use of solar energy. The efficiency of the use of solar cells in the construction of transport acoustic barriers is evaluated on the example of protection against exceeding the permissible noise of a section of territory near a major highway in St. Petersburg. The necessary noise measurements were carried out and a 3D model of the highway section was created with an acoustic barrier design that combines the function of noise reduction and solar energy generation. The selection of the tilt angle of the hood of the acoustic transport barrier was carried out (it was proposed to place solar panels on the hood), when the use of solar energy in the territory of St. Petersburg and the Leningrad region is sufficient to generate adequate electricity consumption in the period from April to September. To assess the effectiveness of the protective barrier, we used guidelines for protecting areas adjacent to highways from traffic noise from Rosavtodor for galleries and tunnels. The conducted assessments showed the prospects of using solar cells in the construction of transport acoustic barriers, as it is shown that even in geographical locations with relatively low solar activity, a useful effect can be obtained from the use of solar panels.
Ontological Model of Agro-Industrial Complex of the Region
Authors: Musina D R , Yangirov A V , Kharitonov S V
Published: February 2022

The paper presents the results of making an ontological model of agro-industrial complex management. The purpose of ontological modeling is to describe the subject area to develop a digital platform for agro-industrial complex management. The hierarchy of the ontological model of the agro-industrial complex management in the region is presented, in which the meta-level, ontologies of the upper and applied levels are identified. A concept map of the agro-industrial complex was developed, which allowed to define the industry concepts and relations between them. A general ontology of industry management is formed with subjects and objects of management, their attributes, relations and axioms identified as structure-forming elements; among ontological coordinates there are space, time, an ontological classifier and naming technology. The article presents results of testing the ontological management model using the case of the agro-industrial complex in the Republic of Bashkortostan.
Cretaceous-Cenozoic Hydrocarbon Systems of the Eastern Arctic Seas
Authors: Yu Kerimov V , Lavrenova E A , Shcherbina Yu V , Mamedov R A
Published: February 2022

Analyzing the results of the basin modeling using software complexes, preparing of the maps of the generation and accumulation hydrocarbon systems in the waters of the Eastern Arctic is performed. Studying of sedimentary complexes was performed and graphs of geological events were plotted within the limits of five hydrocarbon systems. Land prospectivity categories were defined in accordance with estimates of the specific densities of the default predicted resources.
Identification of the Shale Production Model
Authors: Lukyanov A S
Published: February 2022

The technique of appraisal have been proposed for the evaluation of the recoverable reserves according to production schedules for the total wells number of the same calendar year into operation. NPV formula representation and necessary conditions for optimality have been proposed. Recoverable reserves and rate of production (production decline) have been identified for the wells put into operation in 2012 – 2017. As a trend, the initial production rate of wells and recoverable reserves grew from year to year, as well as investments in one well. The ties between the length of horizontal wellbores multiplied by the volume of injected proppant and production parameters have been studied. The choice of production technology depends on the actual oil price. With an increase in the oil price, optimaly coordinated increase both the recoverable reserves and the rate of production at the well.
Geochemical Signs of Oil and Gas Potential in the North-East of Yakutia
Authors: Sleptsova M I , Kalinin A I
Published: February 2022

Currently, intensive research is being carried out on the oil and gas content of the eastern Arctic region of Russia. This article discusses geochemical studies carried out in the northeastern part of the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia). The northeastern part of the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia) is promising for hydrocarbons. This article presents the results of surface geochemical sampling of rocks, waters, and gases performed in Eastern Yakutia under the program of direct oil and gas prospecting. Geochemical studies have shown the promising oil and gas content in the north-eastern part of the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia), which provide an opportunity to carry out prospecting and discovery of predicted deposits of hydrocarbon raw materials.
Concerning the Stream Turbidity During the Laying of the Underwater Crossing of the Main Pipeline Across the River Lena
Authors: Kornilova Z G , Ammosov G S , Ivanov D S
Published: February 2022

The stream turbidity significantly changes during the river bed evolution. It depends on the sediment storage, which is affected by the bottom dredging works, the construction of underwater crossings of main pipelines, bridge crossings, and others.

In the present paper, we consider the change in the stream turbidity during the laying of the underwater crossings of the main pipelines (ML) across the river Lena. A significant increase in the water turbidity and the discharge of suspended sediment has been detected during the construction of linear structures intended for transporting the energy resources. The river bed erosion in the trench area is one of the factors of the decrease in the service life of the underwater crossing of ML when the siphon is trench laid across a water channel. When the bottom is scoured, and the siphon of the underwater pipeline is denuded, significant hydrodynamic loads not specified by the project are added to the operational loads. Torsional, bending, and overturning moments, as well as the phenomena of hydro-abrasive erosive wear, develop [1]. They lead to fatigue failure of individual sections of the underwater pipeline on the base metal and welded joints. It is crucial to conduct further studies to assess the deterioration degree of the ecological state of the river Lena.
Modern Problems of Forest Restoration on the Example of the Irkutsk Region
Authors: Belousova S
Published: February 2022

Based on the importance and relevance of forest conservation and restoration, at least from the perspective of reducing the negative consequences of global warming, the article analyses the state of forest restoration processes in the Russian Federation and measures to organize and ensure these processes. The lack of balance between the legislatively fixed preferred method of reforestation as an artificial or combined method and the real, prevailing volumes of natural forest regeneration is associated with an extremely inefficient forest policy and a limited regulatory framework for the formation of the necessary reforestation processes. The article focuses on the fictitiousness of the reforestation process implemented by tenants within the framework of the natural forest planting system in the absence of subsequent long-term proper care. It is emphasized that it is almost impossible to provide long-term and high-quality forest care within the existing lease relations with loggers. On the other hand, the management bodies are not able to ensure proper control and monitoring of reforestation to assess its effectiveness. These problems and their severity are clearly demonstrated by the analysis of the forestry activities of the Irkutsk region.
Study of the Effect of Gasification Pressure on the Composition of the Producer Gas From Coal
Authors: Timofeeva S , Ermolaev D
Published: February 2022

The paper presents the results of studies of the effect of gasification pressure on the composition of the producer gas from different types of coals. Calculations of gasification process with determining the main indicators for different coals depending on the pressure and the recirculation fraction of the producer gas were carried out. The results of studies have shown that the elevated pressure and fuel heating by recirculation gases in combination with high values of gasification temperature and the use of oxygen or steam-oxygen blowing promotes to increase the calorific value of the producer gas, to reduce the time of the process and the gasifier sizes, which leads to improvement of conditions and intensification of the process.
Substantiation of Geotechnical Risk Assessment Criterion for Mining Systems with Uncontrolled Caving of Ore and Surrounding Formations
Authors: Kovalenko A A , Petrova O V , Mambetova Y D
Published: February 2022

The high risk of technogenic accidents involving caving technologies due to the variability of the state of rock mass determines the parameters of variability taking into account geotechnical risks based on the knowledge of the rock mass obtained through continuous monitoring. The assessment of geotechnical risks in mining taking into account the increasing reliability of design data input obtained through mining exploration, additional research, and monitoring results can help promptly respond to possible dangers and their consequences. The suggested geotechnical risk assessment criterion helps determine the level of danger at every stage of block caving implementation and promptly develop actions to prevent these risks and reduce their dependency on the external and internal environment factors.
The Added Value of Products is a Key Factor in the Development of the Forest Industry
Authors: Medvedev S , Mokhirev A , Rjabova T
Published: February 2022

The paper presents the results of a study of certain aspects in improving the efficiency of the Russian forest industry. The purpose of the work was, in addition to identifying these factors, to consider a model for improving the efficiency of the functioning of individual timber enterprises, which has a certain system of restrictions. In the course of the study, the key role of added value in the price of products of forest industry enterprises in increasing efficiency (profitability) both individual goods and the entire timber industry. The general dynamics of the development of enterprises in the industry and the production of the most important types of products is shown. The significant role of the logging industry in the efficiency of the entire timber industry of the country is revealed, and the factors of this influence are shown. One of them is the fluctuation of prices for round timber during the year, the principal model of which is also presented in the work. The study is based on statistical information for the period 2015-2019. and it is based on the results previously obtained by the authors of this work and the scientific research of the country’s leading scientists in the field of the economy of the forest industry. The resulting system of restrictions to improve the efficiency of LPC enterprises can be used in other industries that use natural resources.
Study of Soil in an Area Affected by a Solid Municipal Waste Landfill
Authors: Begunova L A , Begunov A A
Published: February 2022

The aim of this study is the detailed assessment of the impact of a solid municipal waste landfill on its adjacent land. The contents of heavy metals and some major components in soils at the SMW landfill boundary and in the sanitary protection zone were determined by potentiometry and atomic absorption spectroscopy. It was established that the actual concentration values in soil are significantly higher than the standard limits.
Investigation of the Seabed Profile taking into account the Multiple Scattering Approximation of Radiation
Authors: Kan V A , Sushchenko A A , Lyu E R , Baranchugov I A
Published: February 2022

Based on a mathematical model of acoustic signal propagation in an oscillating medium, an inverse problem is formulated, including the definition of a function describing the deviation of the seabed level from the average given horizontal plane. Solution in the approximation of double scattering from the seabed and by volume in the case of a narrow radiation pattern of the receiving antenna is obtained.
Waste Recycling as a Starting Point Economic Growth of Russia
Authors: Filimonova L , Matys E , Skvortsova N
Published: February 2022

The food program of the Russian Federation contributed to the widespread launch of poultry enterprises, due to which at the present stage the food market is fully provided with poultry products of Russian manufacturers. But, there have been and remain problems with the processing of poultry manure, as a result of which poultry enterprises incur losses in the form of fines for unauthorized storage of poultry waste on land plots not intended for this. Besides the economic threat, chicken droppings are also an environmental threat. The authors of the article formulated the primary measures to solve the listed problems. The principal distinctive feature of the work is the investigated schemes of utilization and processing of organic waste according to the experience of foreign and domestic practitioners. These iterations make it possible to explain the choice of a management decision by the management of the poultry farm in response to the corresponding challenge of the external environment: low value of added value in the production of main types of products; fines for unauthorized storage of waste; reputational local risks of the company associated with production factors of impact on the environment and others. Among such measures, the authors include recycling of poultry waste (chicken droppings) with justification of options for processing and disposal of waste. The alternative approach allows timely flexible response to emerging challenges of the internal and external environment and deterioration of key indicators of business activity of an enterprise - a taxpayer in the region.
On Propulsion-based Estimation of Incoming Flow Velocity
Authors: Kostenko V V , Tolstonogov A Yu
Published: February 2022

AUV’s actuators systems are highly affected by external conditions such as incoming flow velocity. The paper aims to estimation of incoming flow velocity based on quasi-steady model of thruster. The work motivation is compensation of incoming flow effect on AUV’s actuators dynamic model for improving actuator control or a velocity estimation in case of velocity sensors absence. The equation for incoming flow velocity estimation is presented. It accounts orientation of thrusters relative to the longitudinal vehicle axis. Thruster parameters identification procedure based on bollard pull tests and marine trials are presented. Comparative results of propulsion-based velocity estimation with DVL data are discussed. Velocity estimation error between methods is less than 0.1 m/s in steady motion and less than 0.2 m/s in transition process.
Self-development and Renewal of Hydrocarbon Resources and Reserves in the Caspian and Black Sea Region
Authors: Guliev I S , Kerimov V Yu , Mustaev R N , Guseinova A B
Published: February 2022

The results of aerospace, seismic and geochemical studies along with monitoring of the Earth degassing at the geophysical laboratories in the region of research are considered. They allow making a conclusion that the hydrocarbons are self-developing and renewable resources. Abundant seepages of oil and gas, dynamics and the mode of natural discharge of the hydrocarbons in the territory of the Caspian and Black Sea Region (CBSR) and in the waters of the Caspian Sea and Black Sea evidence for availability in their depths of the hydrocarbon systems, within which current active fluid dynamic processes providing for the self-development of the hydrocarbon resources and reserves are occurring. Self-development of the hydrocarbons is correlated with the periods of activation of the present-day geodynamic processes accompanied by the solar activity, solar and lunar tides, earthquakes, mud volcanism, sea level fluctuations, and correspondent variations of the electromagnetic fields as well as by the spatial and temporal variations of the gravitational field of the Earth. Therefore, a formed in a natural way continuous “natural process line” engaged in transformation of the subsoil matter into the energetic and chemical raw material is functioning in the territory of the geodynamically active regions, and the oil and gas deposits are generated as the product of functioning of the above line.
Risks Associated with the Implementation of Fishery Development Program in the Far Eastern Federal District
Authors: Saltykov M A , Obraztsova E Yu , Bubnovskaya T V
Published: February 2022

The development strategy for the fisheries industry in Russia up to 2030 stipulates a number of projects aiming to fill the national market with quality fish products and ensure the sustainable development of fishery companies in the key fishing regions. Every project has target indicators, a set of actions to achieve the strategic goals and the expected results. Besides, projects are vulnerable to some risks that prevent the achievement of the desired goals. Thus, the assessment of plausible risks and implementation barriers for strategic actions allows for the early-stage forecasting of the situation development, adjusting strategy implementation, and minimizing the deviation from target indicator values. This article presents the discussion of the results of the preliminary analysis of risks affecting the implementation and goal achievement of the Development Strategy for the Fisheries Industry in Russia up to 2030 in the Far Eastern Federal District as one of the key fish producers. To analyze the risks, we used the expert risk assessment method that helped identify the key risks in the fisheries industry development projects.
Calculation of the Pump-Ejecting Systems Characteristics for SWAG Injection Using Flue Gas
Authors: Gorbyleva Y A , Drozdov A N
Published: February 2022

This paper is devoted to determining the main technological parameters of pump-ejecting systems for exhaust (flue) gases utilization. The possibility of using exhaust gases from electric generating gas turbines and gas piston units built near oil fields is considered. We calculate pressure distribution in water supply lines and injection wells during water-gas mixture injection, determine the values of the required pressure at the outlet of the pump and ejector systems and the main characteristics of pump-ejecting systems, and select multistage electric centrifugal pumps and liquid-gas ejectors.
Environmental Safety of Biosphere
Authors: Babaeva A A , Grigorieva E V
Published: February 2022

The present paper researches the matter of human impact on atmosphere that is currently the focus object of specialists and environment researchers all over the World. And it is not a coincidence as the most significant environmental problems of today - the “greenhouse effect”, ozone layer depletion, acid rains are in relation with the anthropogenic pollution of atmosphere. The paper also touches upon the impact of atmosphere pollution on human health and environment. There are considered various means of pollution – from direct and immediate threats (smog, etc.) to slow and gradual destruction of various organism life support systems. In many cases air pollution erodes ecosystem structural components to a degree when regulatory processes are unable to restore the initial state that causes homeostasis mechanism failure.
Design of an Infological Model for Prediction of Problems during Drilling Using Machine Learning and Systems Analysis
Authors: Zolkin A L , Munister V D , Faizullin R V , Smoktal N N
Published: February 2022

The article deals with the actual problem of identification of probabilistic processes as a result of the operation of drilling rigs in the oil industry. The world experience of finding ways to solve optimal forecasting tools using machine learning is summarized. Mnemonic rule for the implementation of classification and ranking systems in the detection of feedbacks as probable indicators of complications of ongoing technological processes is implemented through the description of the formal model of the drilling process in form of a hidden Markov model. The results of evaluation of the developed mathematical apparatus in the form of predictive analytics and a cut of basic complications in the drilling process are presented. An infological diagram of the developed architectural solution of the analysis project is proposed. The results of the control algorithms formalization are given in conclusion. These results allow to ensure the effective procees modes of equipment operation and make it possible to save electricity and water.
Analysis and Application of Capillary Pressure Data
Authors: Kopytov A G , Levkovich S V , Levitina E E
Published: February 2022

The article proposes a method for determining the water saturation of oil and gas reservoirs based on the use of typical capillary pressure curves. There is a relationship between capillary pressure and water saturation, which consists in the fact that residual water is retained in the pore, hydrocarbon-saturated space of the reservoir due to capillary forces. Based on the results of a laboratory study of 75 core samples, typical capillary pressure curves were constructed. Using these curves, it is possible to determine such reservoir parameters as: residual water saturation, water saturation at a given distance from the OWC and others. Knowledge of these parameters will improve the control and regulation of the development of oil and gas fields.
On the Issue of Calculating the Magnitude of the Potential Fire Risk of Emergencies on Gas Distribution Networks
Authors: Glukhanov A S
Published: February 2022

An approach is proposed to determine the value of the conditional probability of human injury at a certain point of the territory as a result of the implementation of any scenario for the development of fire-hazardous situations on gas distribution networks associated with their rupture and subsequent gas ignition. Based on the analysis of the causes and factors determining the outcomes of accidents, taking into account the peculiarities of technological processes of natural gas transportation, typical accident scenarios are identified. For each scenario, the values of the probability of occurrence of emergency situations are calculated. A method for determining the probability of finding people in the residential area of gas pipelines is proposed.
Parametric Identification of Ruptures in Gas Pipelines
Authors: Podvalny S L , Kutsova E V , Vasiljev E M
Published: February 2022

The paper solves the problem of predicting the emergency states of gas pipelines in cases where the initial parameters of the pipeline are not fully known a priori and can change during operation. The coefficient of heat transfer from gas to the external medium and the coefficient of internal viscous friction of hydraulic resistance are considered as such parameters. The theoretical calculation of these coefficients with sufficient accuracy for practice is very difficult due to the significant uncertainty of the actual conditions of heat transfer along the route and the current state of the pipeline. To solve this problem, a mathematical model of a steady gas flow in a pipeline is proposed, which is based on the assumptions about the polytrophic nature of the gas, as well as the non-isentropic and nonadiabatic nature of its flow. Together with the model, a method for identifying undefined coefficients has been developed. The problem of building the corresponding computational procedures with unknown boundary conditions is solved. An analysis of emergency states of a gas pipeline for cases of complete rupture and partial destruction of its wall was carried out by means of numerical modeling. Examples of using the developed model for predicting emergency states of gas pipelines are given.
Ecological Assessment of Disturbances in the Landscape Structure of Alluvial Soils of Floodplains Under Technogenesis Influences
Authors: Stepanova L P , Pisareva A V , Bolmat T N , Yelisarov N A
Published: February 2022

The article considers the problem of disturbances in the landscape structure when extracting constructional sand causes the formation of a technogenic relief. The objective of this study was to determine the change in the main fertility indicators for alluvial turf and meadow soils disturbed by open-pit mining and building communications. The study included tasks stated below. The research tasks included identifying the quantitative changes in the composition and properties of alluvial soils disturbed by construction sand extraction. Determination of the change in the organic matter content of the upper layer in the artificial soil-like formations (technozems) in comparison with undisturbed soils. Specifying the nature of changes in the texture of the humus horizon of donor soils and technozems bulk layers. Determination of the change in the pH of the aqueous extract, and the content of the accessible forms of K2O and P2O5 in the soils disturbed by mining. The objects of the study were: plots of agricultural land with soil samples of alluvial turf and alluvial meadow soils, sampled at a depth of 0-20 cm. In the floodplain zone, the research was conducted on soils with a disturbance within the upper 50 cm thickness on alluvial turf soil. Technozem, an artificial soil-like structure consisting of one bulk layer of technogenic soil, was studied in the central floodplain. The studies found that open-pit mining has an impact on the composition and properties of alluvial soils. Disturbances in the landscape structure at open-pit mining cause significant destruction of a fertile layer as the soil texture changes. There is also a loss of organic matter in the disturbed soils depending on the degree of manifestation of anthropogenesis.
Ecological Assessment of Non-Target Impact on the Intensity of Human-Induced Changes in Gray Forest Soils
Authors: Stepanova L P , Pisareva A V , Bolmat T N , Yelisarov N A
Published: February 2022

This article presents studies on determining the rate of anthropogenic influences on the gray forest soils sustainability. At present, various pollutants from the atmosphere affect soils. This leads to a decrease in soil fertility, water and air pollution, a decrease in crop yields, and deterioration of product quality. A study of the gray forest soils sustainability to anthropogenic influences incompatible with natural processes is of particular interest to select groups by the degree of anthropogenic transformation. Therefore, the objective of this study was to determine the rate of anthropogenic influences on the grey forest soils sustainability and the degree of their anthropogenic transformation. This requires determining the change in the agrochemical indicators of the fertility of gray forest soils disturbed by overburdened quarrying. Identifying the nature of changes in the texture and micro-aggregate composition of the disturbed soils. Assess the nature of changes in the heavy metals content in gray forest soils of the areas chemically polluted by unauthorized disposal of industrial wastes. Reveal the nature of technogenic load and ecological hazard of industrial waste on the fertile layer of gray forest soils in the chemically polluted area. The research was conducted on an agricultural land site, where soil samples of gray forest soils were extracted. As a result, the gray forest soils’ sustainability to anthropogenic impact, incompatible with natural processes, was assessed. The rates of organic content reduction due to violation of the humus layer were proved. The decrease level of available phosphorus was proved, significant fluctuations for potassium in the soils were revealed. A significant decrease in soil acidity has been confirmed. The influence of chemical pollution of the soil cover by heavy metals has been found out. The intensity of anthropogenic load of industrial waste on the soil depending on the soil contamination levels of heavy metals was revealed.
Shortening Unscheduled Downtime for More Efficient Use of Haul Trucks
Authors: Puzyrevskaya A A , Pogotovkina N S , Gorchakov Yu N , Ovsyannikov V V
Published: February 2022

Unscheduled downtime is one of the factors behind less efficient use of haul trucks in open-pit coal mines. This paper discusses how unscheduled downtime affects fleet utilization, a metric of fleet use efficiency. It analyzes the duration and causes of unscheduled downtime of haul trucks at a coal mining facility. The analysis concludes that 70% of cases of such downtime are caused by natural and climatic phenomena, mainly heavy rainfall. The authors analyze the natural conditions and climate of the area where haul trucks are operated; the paper presents the results of such analysis. It further proposes adjusting the maintenance and repair schedule for weather in order to reduce unscheduled downtime and thus use the fleet more efficiently.
Heat Transfer in Pulsating Laminar Flow in a Pipe: Evaluation of the Reduction in the Heat Exchange Area of Oil Cooler
Authors: Haibullina A I , Hayrullin A R
Published: February 2022

In this study, the heat transfer in a pipe was investigated by a numerical method with the pulsating flow of oil at Reynolds numbers 280, 350, 420. The diameter D of the pipe was 0.014 m. The pipe length was 100D. The flow pulsations were not harmonical. A numerical experiment was carried out using AnsysFluent. Based on the data obtained from the numerical experiment, an estimate of the reduction in the heat exchange area of the oil cooler was calculated. The reduction in the heat exchange area of the oil cooler ranged from 2.57% to 8.63%, depending on the pulsation mode.
Comparative Analysis of the Method for Predicting the Inflow to an Oil Well with a Wavy Profile
Authors: Kolev Zh M , Rogozina T V , Gracheva S K
Published: February 2022

This paper discusses approaches to calculating the productivity of oil wells. Existing solutions do not allow taking into account many important factors, such as, for example, hydraulic resistance in the wellbore, wellbore trajectory, etc. The article presents a developed numerical method for modeling oil flow to an oil well with a complex wellbore trajectory along the productive formation. Based on the function for the point flow potential and the method of hydraulic calculations, an original solution was obtained, which takes into account not only the change in pressure and flow rates for individual sections of the well, but also the hydrodynamic imperfection of the well.
Analysis of Test Results of Titanium Filters for Sand Process Control when Operating Wells
Authors: Shiyan S I , Shabliy I I , Sleptsov A A
Published: February 2022

The article analyzes the results of testing titanium filters to control sand production processes during well operation. It is shown that due to the decrease in the effectiveness of measures to strengthen the bottomhole zone with resins in the conditions of flooded wells, it was decided to carry out experimental work to combat sand production using downhole filters. The results of pilot tests have shown the fundamental possibility of using of anti-sand downhole filters with titanium filter elements (PSTFE) filters as an effective means of controlling sand production in wells, where the reservoir is represented by loose sand without clay material.
Improving Yield of Non-Perennial Crops in the Conditions of Yakutia Using Different Doses of Mineral Fertilizers
Authors: Pestereva E S , Pavlova S A , Aleksandrov N P
Published: February 2022

Providing sustainable feed supplies is the main condition for the high productivity of the livestock industry. Feed supplies shall meet the needs of farm animals. The application effectiveness of mineral fertilizers is one of the most important factors of technology ensuring the improvement of yield, chemical composition, and nutritional value of feed. The article presents the results of research on the effectiveness of different doses of mineral fertilizers used to improve the yield of non-perennial fodder crops in the conditions of Yakutia. Experiments were held in 2015–2016 in the Moydoch plot of the Khangalassky District. Non-perennial fodder crops were sown on June 1. Sowing was done by drilling with 46 cm inter-row spacing for corn and sunflower, 30 cm for oil radish and sudangrass, and 15 cm for millet. The sowing depth was 4–6 cm for non-perennial fodder crops, and 2–3 cm for oil radish. The experience of application of mineral fertilizers to improve the yield of non-perennial crops has shown to primary affecting factors: the first factor — non-perennial crops variety (corn, sunflower, millet, sudangrass, oil radish), the second factor — mineral fertilizer dose (reference, (NPK)90 kg/ha, (NPK)120 kg/ha of primary nutrient). On average during two years of studies, corn crops have shown the highest fresh yield with mineral fertilizers applied at an NPK120 kg/ha dose of 9.7 t/ha; sunflower — 14.6 t/ha, millet — 6.1 t/ha, oil radish — 12.2 t/ha, and sudangrass — 7.6 t/ha with fertilizers applied at an NPK90 kg/ha dose. NPK120 kg/ha dose of mineral fertilizers ensured high nutrient content in the crops of corn, millet, oil radish, and sudangrass, and NPK90 kg/ha for sunflower. Sunflower and oil radish have shown the best nutritional value from all the studied species of non-perennial fodder crops.