bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Case Report of Comminuted Patella Fracture with Open Reduction
Authors: Babar Tejal K. , Bele Ashish W. , Singh Nivedita Chandrapal , Qureshi Mohd. Irshad , Kovela Rakesh Krishna , Kulkarni Chaitanya A.
Published: December 2021

Introduction: Patellar injuries are usually caused while a person slips or falls on a flexed knee and when the forces from the extensors surpass the inherent strength of patella. As the bony failure advances, it concurs or follows injury to medial and lateral extensions of quadriceps mechanism. This happens by pulling mechanism of the muscles. The patient is unable to extend the affected knee actively. This is indicative of disruption of the extensor mechanism and a torn retinaculum. This requires repair or reconstruction through operative means.

Case Presentation: To find out complications of comminuted fracture of patella and open reduction after 15 years of surgery. Case Report: A 32-year-old man had a history of fall on ground due to slipping of the wheelchair over wet floor while taking a patient on wheelchair which led to comminuted fracture of left patella with shift knee and had undergone Open reduction and Tension band Osteosynthesis. After this surgical intervention, the patient presented with knee stiffness and pain (rated 6 on numerical pain rating scale) and was referred to physiotherapy.

Conclusion: This case study concluded that there is evident stiffness and muscle wasting observed after 15 years of post-fracture surgery of patella, which was managed with the physiotherapeutic rehabilitations.
Review on Air Pollution on Health and Its Prevention
Authors: Dhanvijay Roshani , Pohekar Savita
Published: December 2021

Air pollution is the major environmental pollution that contains different types of gases, dust particles, small molecules, etc. Smoke and other hazardous gases, such as carbon, sulfur, and nitrogen oxides, are the primary causes of air pollution. Otherwise, air pollution is the contaminated air that poisonous effect on people's health. Most air pollution is affected by auto-rickshaw drivers. Auto drivers doing very stressful works which have been associated with environmental interaction factors. So the auto drivers are working within the environment, auto drivers are exposed to climate changes and poor road conditions. So the drivers are exposed to air pollution, dust, droplets, job insecurity, noise and vibration, business demands, damage to equipment, an excessive number of stops, schedule-related pressure, among others. Drivers’ social role is also reflected in the responsibility of passengers and pedestrians ‘lives and other vehicles.
Incidence of Autonomic Neuropathy during Assessment in Diabetes Mellitus Patients in PAC
Authors: Fernando Joseph Swithin , Kumar Sathesh
Published: December 2021

Background: Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a clinical syndrome characterized by hyperglycaemia due to absolute or relative insulin deficiency. Autonomic neuropathy invokes potentially life threatening outcomes especially in poorly controlled diabetic patients.

Objectives: The objective of this study is to assess the incidence of autonomic neuropathy in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Materials and Methods: The Study was conducted on 80 Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus patients in Pre Anesthetic Clinic of Department of Anesthesiology, Saveetha Medical College and Hospital during the period of March 2021 to August 2021. Informed consent was obtained from all those who met the inclusion criteria and their BP and Heart Rate variability to various manoeuvres were assessed.

Results: According to our study 40% and 30% had borderline and definite autonomic neuropathy respectively.

Conclusion: Autonomic neuropathy is common in patients with poorly controlled Diabetes Mellitus, especially those on oral hypoglycemic agents. As nowadays no therapy is able to effectively reverse this process, prevention with strict glycemic control, multifactorial intervention, and lifestyle modification remains essential.
The Administration of Probiotics in Extremely Low-Birth-Weight Infants and the Incidence of Necrotizing Enterocolitis and Mortality: A Systematic Review
Authors: Harasani Mohammed Khalid , Almosaiteer Sarah Abdulrahman , Aloraini Faisal Saleh , Aldakhil Saleh Khalid , Alsaiari Jamilah Sulaiman , Almuhaidib Abdulrahman Muhaidib , Almuhaidib Omar Muhaidib , Alisi Mohammed Atiah , Alothman Othman Majed , Alanazi Thamer Saleh , Alsaigh Asalah Tariq
Published: December 2021

Encouraging findings were previously demonstrated in a previous meta-analysis that analyzed the results of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that investigated the potential favorable effects of probiotics administration in preterm infants to prevent necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) and feeding intolerance. This evidence has only been linked to low birth-weight infants (<1000 g), while evidence regarding the impact of administration of these modalities for Extremely Low-Birth-Weight Infants (ELBW) infants is still controversial among the different studies in the literature. A systematic review was conducted to retrieve all the relevant randomized controlled trials in the literature that investigated the impact of probiotics administration on the different outcomes in ELBW infants, including the incidence of mortality and NEC. A thorough search was then conducted through the different databases to find the relevant articles.A total of 11 RCTs were included in the present systematic review. All articles were published between 2007 and 2021, with a total of 3225 ELBW infants were included in both the intervention and control groups across the different included trials. Our results indicate that the administration of these modalities does not have a significant impact on these outcomes. However, it has been reported that they enhance the growth rate, especially head growth circumference, which has been reported to be superior to the placebo effect. Further investigations for ELBW should be encouraged to furtherly validate these modalities, although no adverse events have been reported for their administration among trials in the current systematic review.
excavation of a cairn at Pitcairn, Glenrothes, Fife
Authors: Barclay Gordon J
Published: December 2021

A boulder strewn, overgrown enclosure, marked on early editions of the OS 1 : 10,560 map as a plantation, and situated on high ground to the E of Pitcairn House near Glenrothes in Fife (NGR NO 2732 0266) was tentatively identified as the site of a cairn reported to have been opened about 1770 (Statistical Account vi, 1793, 52; New Statistical Account ix, 1845, 116). The site was to be destroyed by the Glenrothes Development Corporation in the course of the construction of a housing estate and, as all the other small mounds in the area which might have been the remains of the cairn had been definitely identified as 19th-century mineshafts, the enclosure was excavated by the Central Excavation Unit of the Inspectorate of Ancient Monuments in the spring of 1977.
The cup and ring marked stone at Newbigging Farm, Perth & Kinross District, Tayside Region
Authors: Barclay Gordon J , Brooks M , Rideout James S
Published: December 2021

In 1981 it was noticed that the Newbigging (or Gladsfield) stone, a scheduled ancient monument, had slipped from its erect position to an angle of about 45 degrees from vertical. A small excavation was carried out by the Central Excavation Unit of SDD (Ancient Monuments) to establish whether the stone should be re-erected or moved to the side of the field in which it stood, this being the wish of the farmer.
A corn-drying kiln at Barbush Quarry, Dunblane, Perthshire
Authors: Barclay Gordon J , Brooks M , Rideout James S
Published: December 2021

In November 1981 the discovery of an underground structure during the removal of sand at Barbush Quarry near the N edge of Dunblane (NGR NN 78355 02305) was reported to the Inspectorate of Ancient Monuments. After a preliminary visit it was decided that the site, which appeared to be either a souterrain or a kiln, should be excavated.
The clearing and partial excavation of the cairns at Balnuaran of Clava, Inverness-shire, by Miss Kathleen Kennedy, 1930–31
Authors: Barclay Gordon J
Published: December 2021

Miss Kennedy's brief summary report is transcribed. Contemporary drawings and photographs are reproduced and set in context. There is a brief discussion on the tidying and reconstruction of the monument and of the significance of Miss Kennedy's results.
Trial excavation of a terrace-edge enclosure at North Mains, Strathallan, Perthshire
Authors: Barclay Gordon J , Tolan Myra , Mills Coralie , Barber J
Published: December 2021

A small part of the terrace edge enclosure at North Mains was excavated to test the hypothesis that it was contemporary with one or other of the Neolithic/Early Bronze Age ceremonial monuments immediately to the north. Two cropmark ditches and an entrance through them were confirmed by excavation. The inner ditch was very steep sided; postholes were found on the inner edge of both ditches. Possible postholes were also noted on the outer edge of the outer ditch. Traces of a number of structures were located in the interior, including what may be the slight wall-trench of a circular house. The results of radiocarbon dating may suggest that the ditch was dug in the second millennium bc, while at least one of the structures in the interior was in use in the late first millennium bc. A comment on the radiocarbon dates is provided by John Barber (50--1). An appendix gives details of the `Identification of charcoal from North Mains' by Coralie Mills (52--3). Au
Excavation of a Neolithic long mortuary enclosure within the Roman legionary fortress at Inchtuthil, Perthshire
Authors: Barclay Gordon J , Maxwell Gordon S , Mills Coralie
Published: December 2021

The eastern half of a rectilinear ditched enclosure was excavated to provide information on its date, structure and function. Two fence-like structures had been erected consecutively along the line of the enclosing ditch; the second fence had been burned in situ. Elements of this fence were dated to the late fourth/early third millennium bc. The eastern end of the enclosure may have been elaborated. No associated artefacts were found. Portions of two Roman barrack blocks were revealed and a legionary axe was recovered from a disturbed pit cut through the eastern end of the prehistoric enclosure.
Historic Scotland's Backlog Project and the Projects Database
Authors: Barclay Gordon J , Owen Olwyn
Published: December 2021

The removal of the backlog of unpublished excavations funded or encouraged by Historic Scotland over the last two decades has been managed within the normal rescue archaeology programme. Sympathetic help has been offered to the directors of these excavations, and the potential problem of a ‘logjam’ in publication will be overcome.
Excavation of a Neolithic enclosure and an Iron Age settlement at Douglasmuir, Angus
Authors: Kendrick Jill , Barclay Gordon J , Cowie Trevor G , Saville Alan , Kendrick Jill , Townshend Angela , Braby Alan
Published: December 2021

The complete excavation of a post-defined Neolithic enclosure took place in 1979 and 1980 in advance of the construction of a gas compressor station for the British Gas Corporation. The enclosure appeared to have been constructed in two parts. There was little evidence for any associated activity except for a pit in the north half. Three charcoal samples from the post-holes produced radiocarbon dates in the range 3930-3390 cal BC. A small sample of a scatter of pits visible on aerial photographs was also excavated.
Six penannular ring-ditch houses dating to the mid first millennium BC were also investigated. The houses were of the broad ring-ditch type with internal ring beam support. Other features included six-post structures and crescent-shaped hollows which might be the truncated remains of further house sites. There was little horizontal stratigraphy.
The project was arranged and funded by Historic Scotland and its predecessor departments, with a contribution by British Gas.
Specificity and sensitivity of ALT‐associated markers in cancer cells
Authors: Udroiu Ion , Marinaccio Jessica , Goffi Romina Stella , Micheli Emanuela , Sgura Antonella
Published: January 2025

Some tumors employ a mechanism called alternative lengthening of telomeres (ALT) to counteract telomere shortening‐induced replicative senescence. Several hallmarks are used to identify cell lines and tumors as ALT‐positive. Here, we analyzed a panel of ALT‐positive and ‐negative cancer cell lines to investigate the specificity and sensibility of ALT‐associated markers. We found that all the markers showed high sensitivity, indicating that cells not showing ALT markers are not ALT cells. Conversely, specificity varied significantly, i.e., many markers yield false positives. Detection of false positives may have influenced previous estimations of ALT incidence among tumors. Moreover, claims on the ‘coexistence’ of ALT and telomerase perhaps should be reconsidered. The findings prompt further study into the nature of these markers and their roles as either part of the ALT machinery or as by‐products.
Plasma‐Engineered High‐Performance Tellurium Field‐Effect Phototransistors
Authors: Jeong Uisik , Rho Hyun Yeol , Oh Joo on , Daw Debottam , Lee Yuseong , Chung Kwun‐Bum , Sen Anamika , Kim Sunkook
Published: January 2025

Promising 2D materials suitable for low‐temperature processing are crucial for advancing beyond Moore's law. While p‐type performance is as essential as n‐type in CMOS technology, the development of high‐performance p‐type 2D materials has lagged behind their n‐type counterparts. Here, high‐performance p‐type tellurium (Te) field‐effect transistors (TeFETs) that undergo plasma treatment at low temperatures to enhance their electrical and optoelectrical properties are presented. Ar plasma‐treated Te shows significantly improved crystallinity compared to untreated counterparts, confirmed by various characterization techniques. Plasma treatment shifts the Fermi level toward the valence band and induces subgap states near the valence band in the Te film. A valence band offset of 0.2 eV and 30.6% surface flattening are confirmed in plasma‐treated TeFETs. The electrical performance of plasma‐treated TeFETs exhibits a 20‐fold increase in the Ion/Ioff ratio, from 1.2 × 104 to 2.7 × 104, and a 51% reduction in subthreshold swing, from 19.1 to 9.4 V per decade, compared to pristine devices. Stability and bias stress tests show resilience to degradation after plasma treatment. Notably, optoelectrical performance improves due to the trap‐assisted photogating effect. These findings provide a promising pathway for improving p‐type materials at low temperatures, facilitating their use in various next‐generation electronic platforms.
Selectivity‐Enhanced Near‐Infrared Photocatalytic Dehydrogenation and C─N Coupling via Lanthanide Nanocrystal‐Mediated Photosensitization
Authors: Peng Jie , Xu Jun , Zhang Wenchao , Li Lin , Yang Dailin , Yan Mi , Zhang Pengfei , Wang Juan , Deng Renren
Published: January 2025

Near‐infrared (NIR) light‐driven photocatalysis provides a promising solution to the inherent limitations of conventional ultraviolet (UV) and visible‐light photocatalysis, such as shallow penetration, photodamage from high‐energy irradiation, and limited selectivity. However, effective strategies for achieving NIR photocatalysis remain scarce. Here, a novel strategy that achieves NIR photocatalysis with significantly enhanced selectivity is reported through lanthanide nanocrystal‐mediated photosensitization. A composite nanocatalyst, comprising NaNdF4 lanthanide nanocrystals and Zn(II) phthalocyanine organic photosensitizers is designed, where the NaNdF4 absorb 808 nm NIR light and transfer energy directly to the photosensitizers via lanthanide‐mediated triplet sensitization. This approach enables selective functionalization of organic substrates with increased yields and reduced side‐product formation compared to UV/visible light excitation. The enhanced selectivity arises from the controlled generation of superoxide anions (O2−) as reactive oxygen species (ROS) and minimized substrate photoactivation. The approach enables targeted dehydrogenation and C─N coupling reactions of diverse N‐heterocyclic substrates, including halogen‐substituted compounds that are typically prone to undesired side reactions. The findings establish a versatile strategy for improving selectivity in photocatalytic transformations, opening new opportunities in light‐sensitive organic synthesis and sustainable catalysis.
Galvanic Cell‐Stimulated Mesenchymal Stem Cell Mesh for Enhanced Pelvic Organ Prolapse Treatment
Authors: Xiao Ao , Wang Jian , Chen Xi , Wu Han , Jiang Xinran , Zhao Yaqin , Wu Zhenzhen , Wang Chen , Wei Xingfu , Sheng Yannan , Niu Jiali , Hu Yongyan , Su Haixiang , Liu Qing , Chang Lingqian
Published: January 2025

Implantation of a mesh loaded with mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) is a common approach for the treatment of pelvic organ prolapse (POP). The mesh provides effective support to pelvic floor, enhancing muscle contraction of pelvic organs while reducing inflammation. In this study, a fully degradable mesh is designed for the treatment of POP, utilizing MSCs stimulated by a galvanic battery‐powered electric field. The bioelectronic mesh consists of two parts: a galvanic cell film and a porous hydrogel loaded with MSCs. The battery film has a flexible substrate, on which Zinc and Molybdenum film electrodes form a galvanic cell that discharges at up to 1.2 V, stimulating cell proliferation and migration of the MSCs pre‐loaded in the hydrogel. The hydrogel provides anchoring and growth sites for the MSCs. The bioelectronic mesh elevates the production of elasticity‐related and healing‐related factors, enhancing the strength and elasticity of the pelvic tissue and promoting tissue regeneration for POP repair. Compared to traditional stem cell therapy, the local stimulation strategy significantly reduces inflammation in pelvic tissues. In addition, the bioelectronic mesh completely degrades after in vivo application, which avoids risks caused by surgical removal, demonstrating good biocompatibility in the implanted mesh.
Protein‐Inspired Polymers with Tunable Microphase Structures toward Autonomous Self‐Healing in Aqueous Environments
Authors: Hu Yanwen , Song Yan , Li Guo Liang
Published: January 2025

The self‐healing of polymer materials in aqueous environments remains a significant challenge. Herein, a protein‐inspired strategy for hydrophobic/hydrophilic‐induced microphase separation is proposed to construct self‐healing polymers in an aqueous environment. During self‐healing, the hydrophobic polydimethylsiloxane microphases in the damaged region reassociate with each other owing to the presence of dynamic hydrophobic interactions underwater. In addition, the hydrophilic carboxyl groups diffuse and penetrate to form hydrogen bonds. It is found that the microphase structure and self‐healing efficiency can be adjusted by regulating the hydrophobic/hydrophilic components. The self‐healing efficiencies of the as‐synthesized polymers in deionized water and seawater environments reach to 99.1 and 98.7%, respectively. The molecular structures of the materials are characterized using Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy and ultraviolet‐visible spectroscopy while the aggregated structure of the as‐synthesized polymers is examined using small angle X‐ray scattering and atomic force microscopy (AFM). This design strategy, inspired by the biological sciences, will be expected to extend the application range of synthetic intrinsic self‐healing polymers, especially in aqueous environments.
Transforming Nonrecyclable Plastic Waste into Cathode Materials for Energy Storage Devices
Authors: Ahmadian Hoseini Amir Hosein , Mir Rameez Ahmad , Aboonasr Shiraz Mohammad Hossein , Arjmand Mohammad , Liu Jian
Published: January 2025

Plastic pollution poses a significant threat to the global health and ecosystem. Repurposing plastic wastes for sustainable energy is a promising approach to mitigate the plastic pollution problem. In this study, plastic waste‐derived activated carbon (PWC) is synthesized from nonrecyclable waste and used as a cathode material in lithium–selenium (Li–Se) batteries and zinc‐ion hybrid supercapacitors (ZHCs). Increasing the activation temperature (500–800 °C) enhances the specific surface area and pore volume and tailors the porous structure of PWC toward larger pore sizes. PWC activated at lower temperatures with potassium hydroxide (KOH) shows better performance as the Se host in Li–Se batteries due to their microporous structure for effective Se confinement. Se cathode based on PWC activated at 600 °C (PWC600/Se) delivers a reversible discharge capacity of 655.2 mAh g−1 at 0.1 C over 150 cycles. PWC activated at 800 °C (PWC800) possesses the largest surface area of 2328.2 m2 g−1 and is thus used to fabricate cathode electrodes for ZHCs. The developed PWC800‐ZHC delivers a high energy density of 97 Wh kg−1 at 1600 W kg−1 power density and excellent cycle stability with only 8% capacitance decay after 5000 cycles at 1.0 A g−1.
Autonomous Optimization of Air‐Processed Perovskite Solar Cell in a Multidimensional Parameter Space
Authors: Zhang Jiyun , Le Corre Vincent M. , Wu Jianchang , Du Tian , Osterrieder Tobias , Zhang Kaicheng , Zhang Handan , Lüer Larry , Hauch Jens , Brabec Christoph J.
Published: January 2025

Traditional optimization methods often face challenges in exploring complex process parameter spaces, which typically result in suboptimal local maxima. Here an autonomous framework driven by a machine learning (ML)‐guided automated platform is introduced to optimize the fabrication conditions of additive‐ and passivation‐free perovskite solar cells (PSCs) under ambient conditions. By effectively exploring a 6D parameter space, this method identifies five parameter sets achieving efficiencies above 23%, with a peak efficiency of 23.7% with limited experimental budgets. Feature importance analysis indicates that the rotation speeds during the first and second steps of perovskite processing are the most influential factors affecting device performance, thereby meriting prioritization in the optimization efforts. These results demonstrate the exceptional capability of the autonomous framework in addressing complex process parameter optimization challenges and its potential to advance perovskite photovoltaic technology. Beyond PSCs, this work provides a reliable and comprehensive strategy for optimizing solution‐processed semiconductors and highlights the broader applications of autonomous methodologies in materials science.
Improvement of Catalytic Methane Oxidation by Nitric Acid Treatment on Pt/TiO2
Authors: Park Jiseok , Bae Wo Bin , Byun Sang Woo , Shin Hyeonwoo , Min Haehyun , Kim Young Jin , Kang Sung Bong
Published: January 2025

This study investigates the effect of nitric acid (Pt:NA) treatment on the catalytic performance of Pt/TiO2 catalysts in methane oxidation. By varying the molar ratio of Pt to nitric acid (NA) from 1:0.1 to 1:10 of Pt:NA, a series of Pt/NA‐TiO2 catalysts are synthesized. The structural and catalytic properties are identified using X‐Ray photoelectron spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform spectroscopy. The NA treatment during the catalyst synthesis promotes the formation of acidic sites, enhancing the uniform adsorption of the Pt precursor, which in turn improves Pt dispersion and catalytic activity. However, excessive NA treatment above Pt:NA ratio of 1:5 induces the formation of larger Pt particles due to competitive nitrate adsorption, leading to decreased Pt dispersion and diminished catalytic performance. These findings provide a simple method for synthesizing active Pt supported on TiO2 catalysts with NA treatment having well‐dispersed Pt particles, thereby maximizing the catalytic activity of the methane oxidation.
Identification of Transdiagnostic Childhood Externalizing Pathology Within an Electronic Medical Records Database and Application to the Analysis of Rare Copy Number Variation
Authors: Reddy India A. , Han Lide , Sanchez‐Roige Sandra , Niarchou Maria , Ruderfer Douglas M. , Davis Lea K.
Published: January 2025

Externalizing traits and behaviors are broadly defined by impairments in self‐regulation and impulse control that typically begin in childhood and adolescence. Externalizing behaviors, traits, and symptoms span a range of traditional psychiatric diagnostic categories. In this study, we sought to generate an algorithm that could reliably identify transdiagnostic childhood‐onset externalizing cases and controls within a university hospital electronic health record (EHR) database. Within the Vanderbilt University Medical Center (VUMC) EHR, our algorithm identified cases with a clinician‐validated positive predictive value of 90% and controls with a negative predictive value of 88%. In individuals of genetically defined European ancestry (CEU‐clustered; Ncase = 487, Ncontrol = 5638), case status was significantly associated with psychiatric comorbidity and with elevated externalizing polygenic scores (OR: 1.20; 95% CI: 1.09–1.33; p = 1.14 × 10−3; based on published genome‐wide association data). To test whether our cohort definitions could be applied to generate novel genetic insights, we examined rare (allele frequency < 0.5%) copy number variation. An association (OR: 9.70; CI: 3.24–29.0) was identified in the CEU‐clustered cohort on chromosome 2 (chr2: 45,408,678–45,551,530; duplication), although the statistical strength of this association was modest (p = 0.052). We also examined the role of an externalizing burden score based on the number of externalizing diagnoses present in cases and found similar results to our case–control analysis. This analysis identified several other statistically significant CNV region associations. This study provides a framework for identifying childhood externalizing case–control cohorts within an EHR. Future work should validate this framework within other health systems. A broadly applicable algorithm, like this one, may allow for detection of rare outcomes or outcomes in populations historically excluded from genomic research through meta‐analysis of data across health care systems.
Detecting Optical Correlations via Local Photon Subtraction
Authors: Li Huihui , Luo Shunlong , Zhang Yue
Published: January 2025

Detecting and characterizing correlations are common subjects in quantum information theory, which have recently become increasingly essential in various quantum information tasks. A quantifier of correlations is introduced for two‐mode Bosonic states defined as the difference between global and local coherence caused by local photon subtraction. The fundamental properties and physical significance of this quantifier are revealed. Additionally, the amount of correlations is analyzed in the output states resulting from input product states through bilinear interactions. The quantifier of correlations is illustrated using typical two‐mode Bosonic states and its effectiveness is compared with other existing measures of correlations, such as entanglement and quantum discord.
Segregation of Constitutional Isomers of Some Aromatic Amines Exploiting the Changes of Photo‐Luminescence Behaviour of Isoreticular Metal‐Organic Frameworks
Authors: Das Pintu , Dinda Susanta , Kumar Rakesh , Ghoshal Debajyoti
Published: January 2025

Three different two dimensional Cd(II)‐based metal−organic frameworks (MOFs) have been synthesized by utilizing same N,N′‐donor ligand and three different functionalized dicarboxylate linkers namely isophthalate, 5‐nitroisophthalate and 5‐hydroxyisophthalate for compound 1, 2 and 3 respectively. The compounds that are isoreticular bi‐walled 2D frameworks, show dual fluorescence emission spectra for their π‐π* and n‐π* excitation. Compound 1 is consists of unsubstituted bridging isophthalate whereas 2 and 3 are made with bridging isophthalate that are substituted by electron withdrawing –NO2 group and electron donating –OH group respectively. These different electronic environments in three MOFs are found effective to respond differently towards the constitutional isomers of aromatic amines having suitable electronic environment. Compound 1 responses towards non‐polar –CH2 group containing picolylamine moieties, showing maximum fluorescence emission enhancement for 2‐picolylamine in comparison to 3‐ and 4‐ isomer of picolylamine derivates. Compound 2, consisting electron withdrawing –NO2 group, responses more significantly towards the electron rich phenylenediamines showing maximum quenching in case of m‐phenylenediamine compared to their ortho and para isomers. The change of functionalisation from –NO2 to –OH in 3, helps to detect the electron deficient aminopyridines; where the maximum fluorescence quenching has been observed in presence of 3‐aminopyridine in contrast to its other isomers.
Gender Equality in Sustainability Reporting: A Systematic Literature Review
Authors: Ojeda Lucy , Ginieis Matías , Papaoikonomou Eleni
Published: January 2025

Gender equality is one of the Sustainable Development Goals and companies are key actors that need to disclose any progress made towards this goal. But we lack a clear understanding of the specifics of gender equality reporting in previous empirical research. We conducted a systematic literature review of empirical articles until year 2022 in the Web of Science and Scopus databases following the PRISMA guidelines. We found that most studies that examine gender equality reporting in companies usually do not follow a specific set of reporting guidelines and that the indicators employed are often limited to diversity in the highest governance body and committees, women in leadership and workforce gender representation. Also, we observed a lack of methodological diversity in previous studies. As a result, we have identified several gaps and propose various research lines to further advance research in the field. Additionally, we suggest policy and managerial implications to accelerate the growth of gender‐sensitive reporting.
Lignin Tandem Catalytic Transformation to Phenolic Aryl Acrylic Esters as Plant Growth Regulators
Authors: Luo Bingbing , Zhang Chaofeng , Zhang Huijun , Su Kaiyi , Jiang Bo , Cheng Jinlan , Jin Yongcan
Published: January 2025

Based on the concept “Derived from Agroforestry, belong to (Servicing) Agroforestry”, we herein achieved the tandem catalytic transformation of lignin to phenolic aryl acrylic esters, which can work as plant growth regulators. The transformation involves the first catalytic oxidative fractionation (COF) of lignin into aromatic aldehydes, which can further undergo Knoevenagel condensation with acids/esters with active Cα−H to generate the phenolic aryl acrylic esters. For the first lignin transformation, the Cu salt (CuSO4) in a 7.5 wt % NaOH aqueous solution could achieve the selective cleavage of lignin C−C bonds to provide a 25.0 wt % yield of aromatic aldehydes. Subsequently, the unique basic sites of the self‐assembled hybrid system of CeO2 and 2‐cyanopyridine could overcome the limitations of traditional homogeneous/heterogeneous bases and facilitate the condensation between phenolic‐containing aromatic aldehydes and malonic ester to aryl acrylic esters. Furthermore, the lignin‐based phenolic aryl acrylic esters showed different plant growth regulation activity based on the various structural groups for peppermint seed cultivation. The above results can expand the high‐value utilization of lignin in the agroforestry field.
Quartz Oscillator Based Complex Capacitive Sensor for Nondestructive Sensing Inside RC Structures
Authors: Yokoyama Taketeru , Takahashi Ryosuke , Iwamoto Keigo , Sohgawa Masayuki , Abe Takashi
Published: January 2025

This research developed a complex capacitance sensor using a quartz oscillator for non‐invasively imaging of a rebars position in reinforced concrete structures. The use of different electrode structures and a floating electrode located on the backside allowed for control of the sensing depth. This technology is expected to realize a simpler maintenance and management process for infrastructure quality.
Physiologically Based Pharmacokinetic Modeling and Simulation to Support a Change in the FDA‐Labeled Dosing Frequency of RHB‐105 Low‐Dose Rifabutin Triple Therapy for Helicobacter pylori Eradication
Authors: Vakil Nimish , Howden Colin W. , Shah Shailja C. , Chen Kuan‐Fu , Offman Elliot , Almenoff June S. , Sheldon Kely L.
Published: January 2025

Patient adherence is vital for Helicobacter pylori eradication. Simplifying therapy dosing schedules may promote patient adherence, enhance treatment success rates, and help mitigate the development of antibiotic resistance. We aimed to assess plasma and intragastric rifabutin, amoxicillin, and omeprazole concentrations comparing two dosing schedules of RHB‐105 (every 8 h and a more flexible three‐times daily schedule, at 8 a.m., 12 p.m., and 6 p.m.) using a validated physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) model. Leveraging in vitro and in vivo information on the pharmacokinetics of the three components of RHB‐105, we developed mechanistic absorption PBPK models to predict plasma and intragastric concentration–time profiles for each component. There were only negligible differences in the area under the concentration–time curves (AUC) for plasma and the intragastric compartment, and maximal concentration (Cmax) with only up to a 1.1‐fold difference for rifabutin, amoxicillin, and omeprazole between dosing schedules. Overlapping 90% confidence intervals for both AUC and Cmax support that overall exposures are comparable regardless of dosing every 8 h or three‐times daily for all three drugs. Drug exposure was highly similar for rifabutin, amoxicillin, and omeprazole with each dosing schedule. Novel mechanistic absorption PBPK modeling supports the approval and use of the more flexible dosing schedule for RHB‐105, simplifying patient experience and potentially increasing adherence.
Risk of Acute Cholecystitis Based on Combination of Patient Age, Patient Sex, Leukocytosis, and Sonographic Murphy Sign
Authors: Patel Anika G. , Chen Lea , Young Scott W. , Dahiya Nirvikar , Zhang Nan , Patel Maitray D.
Published: January 2025

Objectives

To combine sonographic Murphy sign (SMS) with clinical parameters to effectively stratify patients into risk groups for acute cholecystitis.

Methods

Consecutive emergency department patients from April 1, 2019 to August 31, 2022 with possible acute cholecystitis were grouped using patient age, sex, and white blood cell count to determine the rate of acute cholecystitis found in subgroups. Three distinct clinical risk groups were established and then regrouped by prospective assessment of SMS into three non‐imaging risk groups. Differences in the rate of acute cholecystitis for clinical parameters, clinical risk groups, and non‐imaging risk groups were statistically analyzed.

Results

Of 1231 patients (mean [SD] age, 51.2 [19.5]; 476 [38.7%] male), 156 had acute cholecystitis (mean [SD] age, 62.0 [15.4]; 85 [54.5%] male). Rates differed based on sex (9.4% female vs 17.9% male, P < .001), age group (1.8% for patients <30 years, 9.0% for patients 30–59 years, 22.3% for patients ≥60 years; P < .001), and white blood cell count (23.1% elevated vs 6.6% not elevated; P < .001). The low, average, and high non‐imaging risk groups had acute cholecystitis rates of 1.8%, 14.0%, and 43.1%, respectively. Relative risk (95% CI) for the low non‐imaging group compared with others was 0.07 (0.04, 0.12; P < .001); relative risk for the high non‐imaging risk group compared with others was 7.05 (5.32, 9.43; P < .001).

Conclusions

Sonographic Murphy sign assessment combined with patient age, sex, and white blood cell count effectively stratifies acute care patients into distinct acute cholecystitis risk groups.
Pressure‐Synergistic Ligand Engineering Toward Enhanced Emission and Remarkable Piezochromism in Cadmium Sulfide Nanocrystals
Authors: Wang Feng , Lv Pengfei , Yang Songrui , Yang Jiayi , Xiao Guanjun , Zou Bo
Published: January 2025

Challenge of passivating defects to harvest the high‐efficiency emission in semiconductor materials significantly limit their practical applications in solid‐state lighting. Here, a robust strategy is developed through pressure‐synergistic ligand engineering to achieve enhanced emission and remarkable piezochromism in the synthesized cadmium sulfide (CdS) nanocrystals (NCs) that exhibits both band‐edge (BE) emission and strong defect emission. With increasing pressure, the CdS NCs experienced a piezochromism from orange emission to white emission. Note that by introducing additional ligand of cadmium oleate, a marked transition is achieved in emission color from orange to blue–violet with high color purity of 71.4% under high pressure. Furthermore, through the pressure‐enhanced defect passivation with capping ligand, the CdS NCs realized a considerable BE emission enhancement, accompanied by the gradually decreased defect emission. In situ high‐pressure experiments and first‐principles calculations indicate that the interaction between ligand and CdS NCs is indeed enhanced under high pressure, thus facilitating the defects passivation and ultimately leading to the observed piezochromism and emission enhancement. This study endows high pressure as an efficient tool to enhance the surface defect passivation, paving the way for precise control over piezochromism and high‐efficiency emission through materials design.
A hydrogel miscible azelaic acid‐ionic liquids for the treatment of acne vulgaris: Enhanced solubility and skin retention
Authors: Fang Zhezheng , Zheng Xianzi , Ma Yanyun , Wu Wei , Lu Yi
Published: January 2025

Azelaic acid (AzA) is a natural dicarboxylic acid used to treat acne vulgaris but is greatly limited by poor aqueous solubility. This study aims to enhance the solubility and skin retention of AzA by ionic liquids (ILs). AzA‐ILs were synthesized by a decomposition reaction with amine compounds. AzA‐ILs synthesized with Tris‐(hydroxymethyl)‐aminomethane ([AzA][Tris]) and meglumine ([AzA][Meg]) at a molar ratio of 1:2 were liquid at room temperature and miscible with water. 1H‐NMR and FT‐IR confirmed the synthesis of AzA‐ILs. [AzA][Tris] got higher transdermal transport and skin retention of AzA than [AzA][Meg]. ZEN has a lower viscosity and better spreadability than Carbomer and thus was adopted as the gel matrix. [AzA][Tris] was also miscible with the ZEN matrix at any concentration. Hydrogels containing 10% (w/w) AzA exhibited the highest transdermal transport and skin retention among hydrogels with higher or lower concentrations of AzA. AzA‐IL hydrogel (10%, w/w) obtained similar therapeutic efficacy but lower skin irritation than the Finacea® (a marketed hydrogel of 15% AzA). In conclusion, ILs greatly enhanced the aqueous solubility of AzA to develop transparent hydrogel and skin retention to achieve good treatment for acne vulgaris.
Fixed‐Angle Surface Plasmon Resonance Thermometer for Accurate Temperature Monitoring
Authors: Garcia‐Ortiz Cesar E. , Peña‐Gomar Marycarmen , López Rubén , Galaviz‐Mosqueda Alejandro , Coello Victor
Published: January 2025

In this study, we introduce a novel optical thermometer utilizing surface plasmon resonance for single‐wavelength, real‐time measurements, eliminating the need for extensive data analysis. We define operational temperature intervals and assess sensitivity to temperature variations in water within each interval, with a maximum sensitivity of approximately −1.3% per°C at an incidence angle of 66.5°. This approach offers potential integration with existing biological or chemical sensors, facilitating real‐time monitoring of both endothermic and exothermic reactions. Our results show that the thermometer is highly sensitive and accurate within a temperature range of 15°C to 45°C, with an RMSE of 0.02°C during the cooling process. Experimental data align closely with numerical calculations. Additionally, thermographic measurements provided visual and quantitative data on the temperature distribution on the sensing surface, allowing for a better understanding of the thermal behavior of the sensor. The primary advantage of this device is its ability to provide instantaneous temperature readings, making it particularly suitable for integration with existing biological and chemical sensors.
Symposium zur organischen Synthese im Südwesten
Authors: Richert Clemens
Published: January 2025

Am 11. Oktober 2024 fand der 27. Tag der Organischen Chemie an der Universität Stuttgart (Tocus) statt. Die Veranstaltung bot ausgewählten Promovierenden aller universitären Chemiestandorte in Baden‐Württemberg ein Forum, ihre Ergebnisse zu präsentieren; zwölf hielten einen Vortrag. Die Veranstaltung gipfelte im Festvortrag von Burkhard König zu besseren Synthesen mit Licht.
20. Deutscher Fluortag in Schmitten
Authors: Pérez‐Bitrián Alberto
Published: January 2025

Alle zwei Jahre treffen sich die Fluorchemiker:innen zum Deutschen Fluortag – in diesem Jahr zum zwanzigsten Mal. Vom 23. bis 25. September 2024 versammelten sich in Schmitten im Taunus etwa 90 Wissenschaftler:innen aus Akademia und Industrie. 28 Doktorand:innen stellten ihre Ergebnisse vor.
Gender Equality and Green Entrepreneurship in Farms
Authors: Fertő Imre , Bojnec Štefan
Published: January 2025

Gender dynamics in agricultural sustainability, particularly within the framework of Agri‐Environmental‐Climate‐Schemes (AECS), play a critical role in advancing green entrepreneurship. This study explores gender‐based differences in the adoption and intensity of AECS practices among Hungarian farms, emphasising the implications for gender equality in sustainable agricultural development. Utilising the Hungarian Farm Accountancy Data Network panel data from 2014 to 2021, we apply Blinder‐Oaxaca and Recentered Influence Function decomposition models to dissect disparities in AECS engagement between male‐ and female‐headed farms. Findings indicate that, while male‐headed farms receive greater AECS subsidies due to larger economic scales and resource availability, female‐headed farms demonstrate comparable levels of AECS intensity when controlled for these factors. These insights highlight the potential for gender‐sensitive policies within the European Union's Common Agricultural Policy framework to empower female farmers in green entrepreneurship and sustainable practices. The study's findings contribute to a broader understanding of gender's influence on green entrepreneurship and sustainable development in agriculture, with significant implications for policy frameworks that support inclusive and climate‐resilient agricultural practices globally.
Optical Bionanosensors for Sepsis Diagnostics
Authors: Derichsweiler Christina , Herbertz Svenja , Kruss Sebastian
Published: January 2025

Sepsis is a global health challenge, characterized by a dysregulated immune response, leading to organ dysfunction and death. Despite advances in medical care, sepsis continues to claim a significant toll on human lives, with mortality rates from 10–25% for sepsis and 30–50% for septic shock, making it a leading cause of death worldwide. Current diagnostic methods rely on clinical signs, laboratory parameters, or microbial cultures and suffer from delays and inaccuracies. Therefore, there is a pressing need for novel diagnostic tools that can rapidly and accurately identify sepsis. This review highlights advances in biosensor development that could ultimately lead to faster and more accurate sepsis diagnostics. The focus is on nanomaterial‐based optical approaches that promise rapid diagnostics without the need for large equipment or trained personnel. An overview of sepsis is provided, highlighting potential molecular targets and the challenges they present for assay development. The requirements for an ideal point‐of‐care test (POC) are discussed, including speed, simplicity, and cost‐effectiveness. Different nanomaterials suitable for various optical detection methods are reviewed and innovative nanosensors are discussed for sepsis diagnostics, focusing on chemical design and approaches to increase selectivity by multiplexing.
Amphibious Soft Robots Based on Programmable Actuators Fabricated by Brushing Chinese Ink on Paper
Authors: Li Haoyao , Wang Yubo , Luo Zhiling , Lin Jian , Qian Yongqiang , Zhang Wei , Chen Luzhuo
Published: January 2025

Soft robots based on actuators that can work in both on‐ground and on‐water situations are environmentally adaptable and can accomplish tasks in complex environments. However, most current amphibious actuators need external stimuli to move on water and require complex preparation processes. Herein, amphibious Ink‐paper/polyethylene programmable actuators and robots are proposed, which are fabricated by rapidly brushing Chinese ink on paper. The actuator can bend on the ground and move autonomously on the water. On one hand, the actuator shows a maximum bending curvature of 2.66 cm−1 under near‐infrared light, and the actuation performance can be programmed by ink concentration. Moreover, actuators with pen‐brushed information can be shape‐programmed for dynamic information display. On the other hand, the actuator can autonomously move on the water by using Chinese ink as Marangoni fuel. The maximum moving velocity is 4.73 cm s−1. When the ink is saturated in the water, the actuator can further be driven by an infrared laser. Finally, three soft robots with diverse programmable amphibious motions are designed. Both the crawling/bending motion on the ground and autonomous linear/rotary movement on the water can be programmed by altering actuator structures. This research will provide new inspirations for next‐generation amphibious actuators and soft robots.
Porphyrin‐Based Covalent Organic Polymer Wrapped MWCNT Electrodes under Moderate Salt Concentration for Super‐Stable Aqueous Sodium‐Ion Intercalated Sustainable Supercapacitor
Authors: Tasleem Mohammad , Ahmad Ikrar , Sankar Muniappan
Published: January 2025

To rival commercial organic electrolytes, it is important to focus on safe, cheap aqueous electrolytes with lower salt concentration (≈5.0 m) and a wider electrochemical stable potential window (ESPW). This study reports the facile synthesis of porphyrin‐based covalent organic polymers (PTZ‐COP, CBZ‐COP, and TPA‐COP) through a one‐pot aromatic electrophilic polycondensation reaction between pyrrole and monomeric aldehydes (PTZ‐CHO, CBZ‐CHO and TPA‐CHO). To enhance conductivity, these covalent organic polymers (COPs) were noncovalently wrapped on multiwall carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs), forming MWCNT@PTZ‐COP, MWCNT@CBZ‐COP and MWCNT@TPA‐COP. Among all, phenothiazine‐based COPs wrapped on MWCNT viz. MWCNT@PTZ‐COP stands out, exhibiting notable surface area and redox‐active moieties with high heteroatom (N, S) contents in the framework. These properties contribute to its superior performance in the form of an electrochemical double‐layer capacitor (EDLC) and pseudocapacitor. In the three‐electrode, the MWCNT@PTZ‐COP achieves a wider ESPW of 2.2 V, demonstrates a remarkable specific capacitance of 292.7 F g−1 along with an energy density 196.8 Wh kg−1 and power density of 752 W kg−1, at a current density of 0.7 A g−1 in 5 m NaClO4. As‐designed symmetric supercapacitor cell of MWCNT@PTZ‐COP demonstrates an impressive specific capacitance of 55.5 F g−1 and energy density 37.3 Wh kg−1, respectively. Additionally, it exhibits a high areal capacitance of 46.4 mF cm−2 in 5 m NaClO4. Moreover, it exhibits outstanding 100% capacitance retention after running 20 000 GCD cycles at 3.2 A g−1. This system demonstrates the highest cell voltage for a porphyrin‐based COPs aqueous symmetric supercapacitor with a high energy density and stability.