bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Sustainable Merchandising: Integrating Eco-Friendly Practices in Retail Product Presentation
Authors:   Senior Merchandiser,Poeticgem International Ltd, Bangladesh, Begum Nazma , Chowdhury Redoyan ,   School of Business, Ahsanullah University of Science and Technology, Dhaka, Bangladesh, Khan Wahiduzzaman ,   School of Business, Ahsanullah University of Science and Technology, Dhaka, Bangladesh, Sazzad Sharif Ahmed ,   Pathfinder Research andConsultancy Center, Bangladesh
Published: February 2025

The retail industry significantly contributes to worldwide economic development while simultaneously being a major cause of environmental deterioration due to energy consumption, packaging waste, and unsustainable resource utilization. With the escalation of environmental concerns, sustainable merchandising has become a pivotal strategy to diminish the ecological impact of retail operations. This study examines the incorporation of sustainable practices in the display of retail products, specifically withinthe textile sector. A thorough literature review and secondary data analysis were both used in the study to look into important topics like sustainable supply chain management, strategies for positioning environmentally friendly products, and the ethical and environmental problems that retailers face. The results emphasize that sustainable methods, including the use of recyclable materials, renewable energy systems, and circular economy principles, may improve a brand's reputation, cultivate customer confidence, and adhere to changing legal requirements. Researchers have recognized new strategies like digital commerce and sustainable transportation as effective ways to mitigate environmental consequences. Case studies of prominent organizations, such as Patagonia and Kotn, illustrate the concrete advantages of sustainability measures, including enhanced consumer loyalty, market expansion, and less environmental impact. This study highlights the increasing consumer inclination towards environmentally sustainable items and offers practical recommendations for retailers to synchronize with sustainability objectives, enhance operational efficiency, and support global climate initiatives.
Exploring The Mediating Role Of CSR In The Relationship Between Corporate Governance And Financial Performance
Authors: Vuppuluri Ramakrishna , Pandey Abhishek
Published: February 2025

This study investigates whether Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) mediates the relationship between Corporate Governance (CG) and Corporate Financial Performance (CFP). The current literature has extensively examined the individual relationships between CG and CSR as well as between CSR and CFP, while only minimally exploring the interconnections among these variables. The research design employed was quantitative, and data from 55 firms (550 firm-year observations) were analyzed using the PROCESS macro (Model 4) in SPSS. CSR was used as a mediating variable, CG as the independent variable, and CFP as the dependent variable, with company size, debt-equity ratio, firm age, and market capitalization as control factors. This demonstrates that full mediation exists for CSR between CG and CFP as good governance procedures have improved CSR initiatives, resulting in enhanced financial performance outcomes. This study provides governments and corporate leaders with insights into enhancing the sustainability and competitiveness of their CSR outcomes.
Fatality Of Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis due to Anonymous Root and Vague Features!!!
Authors: Rajagopalan Dr. Balaji , Samuel Dr.T.Rajini
Published: February 2025

The disease Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis (IPF) also known as Cryptogenic Fibrosing Alveolitis has received global attention as this illness resulted in large number of deaths. It is characterized by the progressive decline in the lungs functions that are irreversible. The cause (root) of this illness is Unknown and this is the major setback for complete cure. Several risk factors such as Smoking , Gastric Esophageal Disease, Environmental hazards such as exposure to Gases, mud, coal, smoke ,stone dust, hay dust and Mold spores, silica, wood and metal dust, Genetic and Viral infections etc. can pave way for this dreadful disease after years of exposure. The clinical symptoms and signs are vague and non specific like dry cough aggravated on exertion, difficulty in breathing during exertion, Clubbing of the fingers and bilateral basal Crackles on auscultation. IPF occurs because of the aberrant wound healing processes involving abnormal and excessive collagen deposition in the pulmonary interstitium with inflammatory changes. The repetitive injuries in IPF occurs to the lung alveolar epithelial cells, the type 1 and type II cells , adjoining the alveolar surfaces .The diagnosis of this ailment is primarily clinical, including identifying potential risk factors such as exposure to inhalation pollutants. However, various evaluations like Chest Xray, CT Scan, Pulmonary Function tests, Biomarkers estimation and Lung biopsy can assist in confirming the diagnosis and Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis(IPF) is a disease with no cure. Various supportive treatments like Medications, Oxygen Therapy, Breathing exercises to some extent delay the disease progression. A complete Cure of this ailment can reduce the definite mortality of these patients.
The Study On Excipient Systems For Optimizing Compression Tableting Processes
Authors: Sanadhya Harshit , Sharma Shilpi
Published: February 2025

With regards to modern scale tablet creation, co-dealt with excipients can possibly increment utility while diminishing the downsides of traditional excipients. A grouping of co-dealt with excipients that might have the option to meet the prerequisites of direct-pressure dispersible tablet plans was the main thrust behind the resulting study. Notwithstanding different types of dose, tablets are the most widely recognized and notable. Their straightforwardness, simplicity of association, security, and reasonableness permit them to give a few advantages. Despite the fact that there are various difficulties, the least complex strategy for assembling tablets is by means of direct strain. Among these worries are difficulties with the material's homogeneity and mass shift, as well likewise with the tablets' crumbling, breakdown, and in general hardness. The methodology with the most clear lucidity is immediate strain. Current times have seen an expansion in the utilization of "co-dealt with excipients," which are combinations of normally treated excipients like fillers, latches, disintegrants, lubes, and others. Different methods, including as sprinkle drying, wet granulation, melt granulation, dry granulation, and co-crystallization, are utilized to deliver these blends. Recorded as a hard copy this survey, we took extraordinary consideration to review the techniques in general, co-dealt with excipients, and excipients that are monetarily open or frequently utilized in the creation of these merchandise.
Millennial Managers as Agents of Positive Change
Authors: Westover Jonathan
Published: February 2025

As Millennials increasingly assume managerial roles, they are transforming organizational cultures in meaningful ways. While stereotypes of entitlement persist, research shows Millennials bring valuable skills and perspectives developed during their formative years. This essay explores how Millennial managers' collaborative leadership styles, prioritization of employee well-being and work-life balance, strategic focus on diversity and inclusion, and commitment to continuous learning are reshaping norms across industries. Examples from companies like Gap Inc., Warby Parker, Nextdoor, and PwC illustrate how Millennial values are engaging diverse workforces and future-proofing businesses, despite not being a panacea. With more Millennials ascending to the C-Suite, their impact promises to amplify, serving all generations by modernizing organizational culture for sustained success.
Deep Learning Applications in Plant Biology: Bridging Genotype and Phenotype
Authors:   Freelance writer, Mumbai, India, Kajrolkar Amita
Published: February 2025

Plant biology now relies on deep learning technology because artificial neural networks use this method to handle complex biological relationships between genotype and phenotype. The use of deep learning models has produced new capabilities for genome interpretation while simultaneously enabling the prediction of gene expression at high speeds and fast plant analysis and disease detection systems. The capability to integrate genotype data with phenotype information enables choices of genotypes alongside combination of omics data points leading to advanced agricultural development. Plant science development potential can be achieved through single-cell research and transfer learning and real-time phenotyping methods although these advances encounter challenges connected to data compatibility and program complexity together with result interpretation difficulties. Modern plant biology research will benefit from AI-driven models because they offer promising capabilities to enhance crop resilience as well as productivity while supporting sustainable agricultural practices.
Simulación del Flujo Turbulento en Cámaras de Cloración para los Indicadores de Eficiencia Hidráulica e Incorporarlos al Proceso de Diseño
Authors: Carrión Camila , Ragessi Iván M. , Molina Sofía L. , Rodríguez Andrés , Hillman Gerardo
Published: February 2025

El equilibrio ambiental depende del agua y su saneamiento, lo que incluye la depuración de aguas residuales para eliminar contaminantes y recuperar su calidad antes de verterlas en cuerpos receptores. Este trabajo se enfoca en el tratamiento terciario del proceso de desinfección, la cloración controlada. Se utiliza la dinámica de fluidos computacional y la librería OpenFOAM(R) para simular diferentes diseños de una cámara de contacto, a escala de laboratorio, y evaluar la eficiencia hidráulica, considerando problemas como el desarrollo de zonas de recirculación y cortocircuito, que afectan el tiempo de contacto mínimo entre el cloro y el efluente.
Integración del Modelo Visco-Plástico Autoconsistente con Leyes bajo Irradiación de Creep y Crecimiento en el Código de Elementos Finitos Code Aster
Authors: Aguzzi Llubel Fabrizio E. , Signorelli Javier W.
Published: February 2025

Se presenta la integración del modelo policristalino viscoplástico autoconsistente (VPSC) en el marco de elementos finitos (FE), usando el software Code Aster. Este modelo incorpora las leyes de creep y crecimiento bajo irradiación en un cristal simple. En cada punto de integración de los elementos finitos se define un sistema de coordenadas local, considerando un policristal con textura inicial. La interfaz VPSC-FE, construida con la subrutina UMAT, permite la comunicación entre escalas meso y macroscópica; aunque el modelo VPSC solo resuelve la deformación viscoplástica para un estado de tensiones, la interfaz incorpora la deformación elástica macroscópica. La integración resultante simula la respuesta mecánica de un cuarto de tubo de revestimiento de Zircaloy-2, primero bajo presión interna y luego solo a tracción bajo irradiación, evaluando efectos de textura y precisión respecto al modelo VPSC independiente.
AIGC Words and the Lexical System in the Digital and Intelligent Era: From Language Shock to Language Planning
Authors: Shen Mingyang
Published: February 2025

This study uses a corpus generated by ChatGPT to apply cognitive linguis-tics, philosophy of technology, and sociolinguistics in analyzing how genera-tive AI impacts the Chinese lexical system. Grounded in the “replication-variationselection” model of language evolution, the research finds that ab-stract concepts created by AI mimic human conceptual systems via “algo-rithmic metaphors,” yet lack experiential grounding. Platform algorithms re-structure language dissemination, establishing a “digital register” communi-cation hierarchy, while the technological framework leads to a vocabulary hollowing effect, necessitating a new “algorithm governance” dimension in language planning. The study offers a theoretical framework for human-ma-chine language interaction, suggests AI language ethics policies, and rede-fines traditional language evolution models by proposing a three-stage process: “variation-algorithm screening-platform diffusion.” It extends meme theory, identifying “technological memes” as engineering-driven replications. Practically, it provides strategies for language planning by advocating trans-parency, diversity, and morality as core algorithm planning principles, help-ing to address language alienation, maintain a dynamic balance between innovation and standardization, and support effective communication and the healthy evolution of language in the age of generative AI.
Institutional Support for Motivating and Incubating Entrepreneurial Ventures: A Systematic Review of the Literature and Development of conceptual Model
Authors: D Meghashree ,   Research scholar, Xavier Institute of Management & Entrepreneurship, Bhatta NMK ,   Xavier Institute of Management & Entrepreneurship
Published: February 2025

Institutional support for entrepreneurship refers to the various initiatives and resources provided by educational institutions, such as universities, colleges, and business schools, to encourage and foster entrepreneurial activities among their students. This support is crucial for nurturing a culture of innovation, creativity and risk-taking, which is essential for successful entrepreneurs. In this paper, the author systematically surveyed existing literature on Institutional support for Entrepreneurship ventures. This paper study was on entrepreneurship education, entrepreneurial university ecosystem, incubation and entrepreneurship education programmes and Incubation support. Select publications analysis outcome was grouped as Mentorship and guidance, Business support service, Incubation support, Networking support and motivation for an entrepreneurial venture. Analysis revealed that there is a significant impact on fostering entrepreneurship among students through solid institutional support.
Students’ Perceived Effectiveness of Online Counseling Sessions
Authors: Zafar Asma , Farooq Ayesha , Sherazi Narjis
Published: February 2025

Aim of the Study: Psychological problems in Pakistan have increased due to rising violence and social disruption, especially affecting youth. In response, Virtual University of Pakistan has introduced online counseling through Adobe Connect sessions to support students. These counseling sessions are aimed to improve their coping styles which ultimately help the students to achieve their personal and academic goals. The present study aimed to identify the psychological problems students were experiencing; they reported study-related issues, financial issue, sleep disturbance, family related problems and other issues including anger issues etc. Moreover, study also focused on students’ perception, satisfaction and perceived effectiveness toward online counseling.
Methodology: Descriptive research design was used and data was collected online through Google form from 40 with the age range of 21-37 years old who previously undergone trough counseling sessions.
Findings: The study found that 27.5% of participants had used online counseling, with a majority facing study-related issues, financial stress, and sleep disturbances. Most students had a positive perception of online counseling, viewing it as more accessible, cost-effective, and less stigmatizing than face-to-face counseling. Around 77.5% found it highly effective, with counselors perceived as caring and supportive.
Conclusion: Overall, the findings highlight that online counseling is a valuable and effective support resource for students, offering a convenient and confidential alternative to traditional face-to-face counseling.
Auxílio Alimentação: Um elemento na estratégia para eliminação da tuberculose como problema de saúde pública no estado do rio de janeiro
Authors: Guazzi Maíra
Published: February 2025

A tuberculose é uma doença com grande determinação social, o Estado do Rio de Janeiro (ERJ) vem buscando estratégias para eliminá-la como problema de saúde pública, neste sentido implantou o Auxílio Alimentação (AA) para todos os usuários com tuberculose (TB), tuberculose drogarresistente e micobactéria não tuberculosa. A implantação do AA foi desenvolvida em duas etapas: ocorreram pactuações em reuniões da Comissão Intergestores Bipartite e em janeiro de 2022 o ERJ repassou recursos para os 92 fundos municipais de saúde. Em 2024, a operacionalização do AA foi modificada pela dificuldade de execução do recurso por parte dos municípios, optando-se pela compra e distribuição de cartões alimentação pela Secretaria de Estado de Saúde (SES-RJ). Adicionalmente a essa aquisição, a SES-RJ contratou a elaboração de um sistema para concessão e monitoramento do AA, além de uma pesquisa para avaliar o impacto do benefício nos desfechos de TB. Nessa nova etapa, foram realizadas capacitações de junho a agosto de 2024 para todos os coordenadores dos programas municipais de TB e logo em seguida foi iniciado o uso do Sistema de Suporte ao Auxílio Alimentação, em torno de dois mil pacientes já foram cadastrados e receberão o AA ainda este ano.
Luto e Raiva: Cartas a um pai ausente
Authors: Alexandre Lorran
Published: February 2025

Este trabalho se trata de um relato de experiência que traz a travessia do luto e a sensação de abandono como motes principais do texto. Apresento aqui um texto que foi criado a partir dos atravessamentos da dor, do rancor, da raiva e do luto.
Integrating Machine Learning and Multi-omics to Identify Key SUMOylation Molecular Signature in Sarcoma
Authors: Cheng Jinhao , He Zhitao , Jing Juehua , Liu Yuyao , Zhang Haoxue
Published: February 2025

Background: Sarcoma (SARC) is a rare and heterogeneous cancer originating from mesenchymal tissue. Due to its complex molecular mechanisms and limited treatment options, patients often have poor prognoses. Protein SUMOylation is an important post-translational modification process that plays a key role in regulating cellular functions and is closely related to the onset and progression of various cancers. However, the specific mechanisms by which SUMOylation affects SARC progression are not fully understood.
Methods: In this study, comprehensive bioinformatics approaches were utilized to analyze multiple datasets of SARC samples. By screening and identifying SUMOylation-related genes, we further explored the expression patterns of these genes in SARC and their association with prognosis and then constructed a consensus prognostic model. In particular, we focused on the KIAA1586 gene, which has attracted increasing attention in cancer biology, and conducted an in-depth study of its role in SARC.
Results: The study revealed that 19 SUMOylation-related genes were significantly correlated with the prognosis of SARC. Subsequently, the consensus prognostic model constructed by ridge regression could accurately predict the survival of patients in multiple data sets. Afterward, we identified KIAA1586 as the key gene, and its expression level was closely related to the prognosis of patients. GSEA enrichment analysis demonstrated that KIAA1586 might affect the progression of SARC by regulating the cell cycle and immune-related pathways, providing new insights into the molecular mechanism of SARC.
Conclusion: We have constructed a SUMOylation signature model that can accurately predict the prognosis of SARC patients, and identified KIAA1586 as a key SUMOylation gene that plays a crucial role in the onset and development of tumors by participating in cell cycle regulation and immune suppression.
The Role of Rice Production as a Key Factor in Enhancing Cambodian Agriculture: A Systematic Review
Authors: Srun Puthearith  , Serey Mardy
Published: February 2025

Rice production is central to Cambodia’s agriculture, contributing to economic development, poverty alleviation, food security, and sustainable farming practices. This systematic review aims to analyze the multifaceted role of rice production in enhancing Cambodian agriculture. The review draws on studies related to agricultural productivity, economic impacts, rural development, and government policy frameworks, providing an integrated perspective on how rice production drives Cambodia's agricultural progress. By understanding the multifaceted role of rice cultivation, policymakers and stakeholders can develop effective strategies to further promote agricultural progress and improve the livelihoods of Cambodian farmers.
First record of the genus Cylindracanthus Leidy, 1856 (Osteichthyes, Actinopterygii) from the Eocene of the Pamplona Basin (Navarre, South Pyrenean area): systematics and taphonomy
Authors: Astibia Humberto , Elorza Javier , Del Rosario Francisco Javier
Published: February 2025

Cylindracanthus (Osteichthyes, Actinopterygii) fossils from the middle–upper Eocene (Ilundain Marl Formation, Bartonian–Priabonian) of the Pamplona Basin (Navarre, Southern Pyrenean area) are described for the first time. The fossils correspond to rostral fragments from the anterior and posterior regions. The absence of alveoli and teeth allows them to be assigned to the species Cylindracanthus rectus, a species with a wide distribution in the Eocene. The rostrum is composed of francolite, in consequence of the fossil-diagenetic replacement of biogenic hydroxyapatite. Sometimes, the external surface of the rostrum, formed by ridges and grooves, is covered by a thin band of early celestite, which partially protects the original microstructure. The central channels are filled with different mineral phases, with voids corresponding to previous euhedral pyrite crystals surrounded by natrojarosite, with colloidal shapes. The whole complex was affected by late fractures filled by fibrous gypsum crystals. The possible physical-chemical processes that gave rise to the formation of pyrite, natrojarosite, celestite and gypsum in different environments during the fossil-diagenetic stage are discussed.
Crossover in Aromatic Amino Acid Interaction Strength: Tyrosine vs. Phenylalanine in Biomolecular Condensates
Authors: De Sancho David , López Xabier
Published: February 2025

Biomolecular condensates often form through the self-assembly of disordered proteins with low-complexity sequences. In these polypeptides, the aromatic amino acids phenylalanine and tyrosine act as key “sticker” residues, driving the cohesion of dense phases. Recent studies on condensates suggest a hierarchy in sticker strength, with tyrosine being more adhesive than phenylalanine. This hierarchy aligns with experimental data on amino acid solubilities and potentials of mean force derived from atomistic simulations. However, it contradicts conventional chemical intuition based on hydrophobicity scales and pairwise contact statistics from folded protein structures, which suggest phenylalanine should be the stronger sticker. In this work, we use molecular dynamics simulations and quantum chemistry calculations to resolve this apparent discrepancy. Using simple model peptides and side-chain analogues, we demonstrate that the experimentally observed hierarchy arises both from the possibility of tyrosine forming hydrogen bonds and the lower free energy of transfer of tyrosine into the condensate. The high level of hydration of polypeptides in dense phases drives this effect. Notably, as the dielectric constant of the surrounding environment approaches that of an apolar solvent, the trend reverses, with phenylalanine becoming the stronger sticker. These findings highlight the role of hydration in modulating aromatic interactions and provide a clear explanation for the crossover in sticker strength between tyrosine and phenylalanine in different media.
The Neural Correlates of Novelty and Variability in Human Decision-Making under an Active Inference Framework
Authors: Zhang Shuo , Tian Yan , Liu Quanying , Wu Haiyan
Published: February 2025

Active inference integrates perception, decision-making, and learning into a united theoretical frame-work, providing an efficient way to trade off exploration and exploitation by minimizing (expected) free energy. In this study, we asked how the brain represents values and uncertainties (novelty and variability), and resolves these uncertainties under the active inference framework in the exploration-exploitation trade-off. 25 participants performed a contextual two-armed bandit task, with electroen-cephalogram (EEG) recordings. By comparing the model evidence for active inference and rein-forcement learning models of choice behavior, we show that active inference better explains human decision-making under novelty and variability, which entails exploration or information seeking. The EEG sensor-level results show that the activity in the frontal, central, and parietal regions is associated with novelty, while activity in the frontal and central brain regions is associated with variability. The EEG source-level results indicate that the expected free energy is encoded in the frontal pole and middle frontal gyrus and uncertainties are encoded in different brain regions but with overlap. Our study dissociates the expected free energy and uncertainties in active inference theory and their neural correlates, speaking to the construct validity of active inference in characterizing cognitive processes of human decisions. It provides behavioral and neural evidence of active inference in decision processes and insights into the neural mechanism of human decisions under uncertainties.
An image-computable model of speeded decision-making
Authors: Jaffe Paul I , Santiago-Reyes Gustavo X , Schafer Robert J , Bissett Patrick G , Poldrack Russell A
Published: February 2025

Evidence accumulation models (EAMs) are the dominant framework for modeling response time (RT) data from speeded decision-making tasks. While providing a good quantitative description of RT data in terms of abstract perceptual representations, EAMs do not explain how the visual system extracts these representations in the first place. To address this limitation, we introduce the visual accumulator model (VAM), in which convolutional neural network models of visual processing and traditional EAMs are jointly fitted to trial-level RTs and raw (pixel-space) visual stimuli from individual subjects in a unified Bayesian framework. Models fitted to large-scale cognitive training data from a stylized flanker task captured individual differences in congruency effects, RTs, and accuracy. We find evidence that the selection of task-relevant information occurs through the orthogonalization of relevant and irrelevant representations, demonstrating how our framework can be used to relate visual representations to behavioral outputs. Together, our work provides a probabilistic framework for both constraining neural network models of vision with behavioral data and studying how the visual system extracts representations that guide decisions.
Arctic Ocean and Barents Sea Fauna Catalogue
Authors: Hemmateenejad Fereshteh , Ramalho Sofia P. , Ribeiro Pedro A. , Eilertsen Mari Heggernes , Straube Nicolas , Savini Alessandra , Fallati Luca , Panieri Giuliana
Published: February 2025

This guide provides examples of observed morphological distinct organisms, also designated as morphospecies (msp), from photographs and videos from different “cold seeps” and nearby areas from the Arctic Ocean and the Barents Sea. The organisms were annotated to the lowest possible taxonomic level based on external morphological characteristics. The data was gathered using a range of equipment during CAGE 15-2, CAGE 17-2, CAGE 18-4, CAGE 18-5, CAGE 20-7, CAGE 21-1 (AKMA1), CAGE 22-2 (AKMA2/Ocean Senses), and AKMA3 cruises.
Leveraging LLaMA2 for improved document classification in English
Authors: Xu Jia
Published: February 2025

Document classification is an important component of natural language processing, with applications that include sentiment analysis, content recommendation, and information retrieval. This article investigates the potential of Large Language Model Meta AI (LLaMA2), a cutting-edge language model, to enhance document classification in English. Our experiments show that LLaMA2 outperforms traditional classification methods, achieving higher precision and recall values on the WOS-5736 dataset. Additionally, we analyze the interpretability of LLaMA2’s classification process to reveal the most pertinent features for categorization and the model’s decision-making. These results emphasize the potential of advanced language models to enhance classification outcomes and provide a more profound comprehension of document structures, thereby contributing to the advancement of natural language processing methodologies.
Skin microbiota variation in Indian families
Authors: Potbhare Renuka , RaviKumar Ameeta , Munukka Eveliina , Lahti Leo , Ashma Richa
Published: February 2025

Background

In India, joint families often encompass members spanning multiple generations cohabiting in the same household, thereby sharing the same ethnicity, genetics, dietary habits, lifestyles, and other living conditions. Such an extended family provides a unique opportunity to evaluate the effect of genetics and other confounding factors like geographical location, diet and age on the skin microbiota within and between families across three generations.

Methods

The present study involved seventy-two individuals from fifteen families from two geographical regions of Maharashtra, India. The 16S rRNA sequencing of V3–V4 regions was performed and the generated taxonomic profiles were used for downstream analysis.

Results

Our study highlights a significant difference in community composition (beta diversity) between families (PERMANOVA; p = 0.001) and geographical locations (p = 0.001). We observed geographical location-wise differences in the relative abundances Staphylococcus in the families from Pune (Wilcoxon test, p = 0.007), and Bacillus in the Ahmednagar families (Wilcoxon test, p = 0.004). When within and between-family comparisons of skin microbiota composition were carried out between different generations (G1–G2, G2–G3, and G1–G3); we observed skin microbiota tended to be more similar within than between families but this difference was not significant.

Conclusion

This study underscores the diversity and commonalities in skin microbiota composition within and between families. Our result suggests that geographical location is significantly associated with the genus composition of skin microbiota, which is quantitatively unique for a family and likely explained by co-habitation.
Diagnostic accuracy of fat pad sign, X-ray, and computed tomography in elbow trauma: implications for treatment choices—a retrospective study
Authors: Afacan Mustafa Ahmet , Kilic Koray Kaya , Temiz Aytun , Tayfur İsmail , Doganay Fatih
Published: February 2025

Introduction

Identifying skeletal injuries significantly impacts patient outcomes in trauma cases. This study aims to compare the diagnostic accuracy of X-ray (XR) and computed tomography (CT) in detecting elbow fractures among patients presenting at the emergency department (ED). Additionally, the study assesses the potential contribution of the fat pad sign to enhancing the diagnostic accuracy of XR images in identifying elbow fractures. The secondary aim focused on evaluating the precision of XR imaging in determining the necessity for surgical intervention among patients presenting with elbow trauma.

Methods

Conducted retrospectively at an ED within a secondary hospital, this study included patients with elbow trauma between January 1, 2017, and January 1, 2020, who underwent both XR and CT imaging of the elbow joint. Following the application of exclusion criteria, the analysis comprised 183 patients based on remaining image data.

Results

When comparing XR to CT for fracture detection, XR exhibited a sensitivity of 46.9%, specificity of 85.9%, positive predictive value (PPV) of 79.3%, negative predictive value (NPV) of 58.4%, area under the curve (AUC) of 0.664. Considering the fat pad sign in XR as a fracture indicator, the sensitivity is 60.2%, specificity is 81.2%, PPV is 78.7%, NPV is 63.9% and AUC is 0.707. A significant difference was found when comparing the AUCs obtained with and without considering the fat pad sign (p = 0.039). Regarding surgical treatment decision-making, XR showed a sensitivity of 50%, specificity of 100%, PPV of 95%, NPV of 100%, and an AUC of 0.750 when compared to CT.

Conclusion

The findings indicate that XR alone is insufficient for detecting elbow fractures and determining the need for surgical treatment. Incorporating the fat pad sign improves the diagnostic accuracy of XR. In cases where suspicion of fracture is high, considering CT imaging is crucial to avoid missed diagnoses, prevent complications, and guide treatment decisions effectively.
Dietary composition and feeding preference of Mantled guereza Colobus guereza (Rüppell, 1835), in Maze National Park, Ethiopia
Authors: Tolcha Abraham , Masne Matewos , Ayechw Belayneh
Published: February 2025

Knowledge of feeding ecology is essential for effective management of a primate and its habitat. The Mantled guereza Colobus guereza is a predominantly folivorous monkey that occurs in different parts of eastern Africa, including the Maze National Park in Ethiopia. Despite many studies conducted in the area, there is no up-to-date data that was carried out on feeding ecology of the Colobus guereza. The aim of this study is to determine the dietary composition and feeding preference of the Colobus guereza in the park. To better understand this, we randomly selected three study groups along the Maze River. We used instantaneous scan sampling method to collect feeding data from September 2021–August 2022. We followed guerezas from 6:30 to 10:30 in the morning and 13:30 to 17:25 in the afternoon collecting feeding activity data between 5 min intervals during 10-min scan duration. Overall, guerezas were observed to eat eight plant species and unidentified invertebrates in the park. Of these, Trichilia emetica contributed the highest proportion accounted 53.36% and 27.83% in the wet and dry season respectively, while unidentified invertebrates were rarely utilized over the course of this study. We also found that young leaves were consumed more (n = 1,794, 75.31%) in the wet while mature leaves were eaten more (n = 1,215, 43.61%) over the other diet components in the dry season. These results suggest that the guerezas in the park exhibit temporal dietary flexibility. The observed dietary flexibility may be partly due to seasonal changes in availability of food plant parts in the groups’ home ranges in the park. Our results suggest that maintaining the park is critical to protect food plant species for this primate, which at present constitutes only a few.
The relationship between renal function indicators and preeclampsia in the second trimester of pregnancy: a retrospective study
Authors: Li Mingwei , Liu Wei , Fan Xizhenzi , Song Wenhui , Su Achou , Zhang Xue , Zheng Thomas , Yu Tianxiao
Published: February 2025

Background

To investigate the relationship between serum renal function indicators and preeclampsia (PE) in pregnant women at second trimester of pregnancy, determine the optimal critical values of the above indicators, and further identify the independent risk factors of PE.

Methods

We assessed the renal function indicators in second trimesters of 137 pregnant women with PE and 137 normal pregnant women who delivered at Shijiazhuang Fourth Hospital between January 2020 to December 2022. Paired t-tests, paired Mann-Whitney U tests, and Chi-square tests were used to evaluate differences of clinical data between the two groups. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves was employed to establish the optimal critical values of the above indicators. A 1:1 matched case-control logistic regression analysis was conducted to identify the independent risk factors for PE.

Results

The levels of serum uric acid and the ratio of serum uric acid to serum creatinine were significantly higher in the PE group compared to the control (P < 0.001), while the serum creatinine levels were higher in control group (P = 0.002). The incidence of adverse maternal (P < 0.001) and neonatal outcomes (P < 0.001) in the PE group were higher than those in the control group. A ROC analysis based on the occurrence of PE showed that the levels of serum uric acid (P < 0.001), serum creatinine (P = 0.006) and the ratio of serum uric acid to serum creatinine (P < 0.001) were statistically significant. After adjusting for confounding factors, elevated serum uric acid (a OR = 1.012, 95% CI [1.005–1.019], P < 0.001) and an increased serum uric acid to serum creatinine ratio (a OR = 1.190, 95% CI [1.053–1.346], P = 0.005) were identified as independent risk factors for PE. There was no significant difference in renal function between maternal and newborn group in relation to the occurrence of adverse outcomes (P > 0.05 vs. all groups).

Conclusions

Through the analysis of renal function indicators in patients with PE in the second trimester of pregnancy and those in a normal control group, it is found that elevated serum uric acid and serum uric acid to serum creatinine ratio in PE individual may serve as indicative markers for the onset of PE. Targeting this subset of the population for monitoring and management during the second trimester could enhance the efficacy of medical interventions.
Review of The Collapse of Heaven: The Taiping Civil War and Chinese Literature and Culture, 1850–1880
Authors: Huang Kangni
Published: February 2025

The Collapse of Heaven: The Taiping Civil War and Chinese Literature and Culture, 1850–1880. By Huan Jin. Harvard University Asia Center, 2024. Pp. xiii + 339. $59.95.
Assessment of Educational Environment and its Association with Burnout and Mental Health among the Dental Students of Majmaah University: A Pilot Study
Authors: Salama Mohamed Helmy
Published: February 2025

Introduction: The educational environment is crucial to the wellbeing of students, particularly in high-stress fields like dentistry, where academic and clinical pressures can significantly affect mental health. In Saudi Arabia, the high prevalence of psychological distress among dental students necessitates an understanding of the underlying causes.

Aim: To analyse dental students’ perceptions of their educational environment in the College of Dentistry, Saudi Arabia and its impact on mental health, particularly anxiety and burnout.

Materials and Methods: This pilot study was conducted in September 2024, involving 50 undergraduate dental students from College of Dentistry, Majmaah University, Al Majmaah, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. The Dundee Ready Education Environment Measure (DREEM) questionnaire assessed the perception of the educational environment. The Generalised Anxiety Disorder (GAD-7) scale and Maslach’s Burnout Inventory-Student Survey (MBI-SS) measured levels of anxiety and burnout. Statistical data were analysed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 29.0, with stratification based on gender and residence. One-way Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) and linear regression were applied to evaluate the relationship between the study variables. A p-value of <0.05 was considered significant.

Results: The average age of the participants was 22.96±2.9 years (range: 19-26 years). The overall mean DREEM score was 124.82/200, with Students’ Perception of Teachers (SPT) scoring the highest (71.59%). Female students had a significantly more positive perception of teachers than male students. No significant correlation was found between Professional Efficacy (PE) and GAD-7 scores (r=0.257), but other parameters, such as scores for DREEM domains, MBI dimensions and GAD-7, showed significant positive correlations. All the DREEM domains significantly predicted anxiety and burnout levels.

Conclusion: Overall, the undergraduate dental students of Majmaah University, Saudi Arabia, had a generally favourable perception of their educational environment. However, addressing emotional stressors and enhancing peer relationships, curriculum design and the academic atmosphere may help reduce burnout and anxiety.
Direito urbanístico, planos diretores e controle social: a construção de uma nova ética urbana
Authors: Borchardt Luana , Oliveira Tarcisio Dorn de , Allebrandt Sergio Luis
Published: February 2025

Este artigo busca realizar uma leitura jurídica dos elementos que constituem o direito urbanístico, em especial, o que se refere à regulação, construção e efetivação de Planos Diretores de municípios que se caracterizam como cidades médias, situados na Região Funcional de Planejamento 7 do estado do Rio Grande do Sul. A atenção concentra-se na efetividade de execução dos Planos Diretores nesses municípios desde as perspectivas do gestor público e do cidadão, considerando a sua construção e execução, integradas com pautas públicas convergentes e integrantes (mobilidade, disponibilidade de serviços públicos oferecidos, meio ambiente sustentável, qualidade de vida, gentrificação). Para tanto, vale-se de uma pesquisa exploratória, de base empírica, a partir de uma análise qualitativa de conteúdo, fundamentada em bibliografia, legislações e informações financeiras. Os resultados informam sobre a efetividade quanto à participação dos cidadãos em relação à destinação e aplicação de recursos orçamentários, voltados ao desenvolvimento da política urbana para a qualificação e a valorização do espaço territorial, atendendo a uma nova ética urbana, integradora, inteligente e humanizada.
Irradiation Techniques for Shelf Life Extension of Seafood: An Overview
Authors: Annamalai Jeyakumari , L. Narasimha Murthy , Behere Girija Saurabh
Published: February 2025

Non-thermal processing techniques for fish and fish product preservation are gaining importance at present due to no loss of properties during heating. Irradiation forms a better option for fish and fishery product preservation due to its lethal effect on microbes. Seafood irradiation has been proven an effective and safe method without adverse effects increasing the integrity and safety of fish and fishery products as food is not becoming radioactive at low and medium doses up to 10 kGy proved by scientific research. Irradiation of fish and fishery products reduces microbial load and total volatile base nitrogen value, however, it may increase the barbituric acid-reducing substances (TBARS) due to the formation of radiolytic products. Irradiation is now being commonly used in many countries, as people are becoming more aware of the role of food irradiation in regard to seafood safety and product shelf-life extension. Reliable methods for the detection of irradiation are now available and are effective in confirming compliance with regulations regarding food irradiation. An extensive education is needed for broad public acceptance. In this review, irradiation for the preservation of fish and fishery products has been explained.
Genetic Diversity Analysis and Molecular Characterization of Pearl Millet [Pennisetum glaucum (L.) R. Br.] Hybrids/ Varieties
Authors: Ambawat Supriya , Satyavathi C Tara , Khandelwal Vikas , Meena Rajbala , Singh Subaran , Kumar Manoj , Bishnoi JP
Published: February 2025

Pearl millet is an extensively grown, climate resilient and rainfed cereal crop cultivated on 30 million ha in the arid and semi-arid tropical regions of Asia and Africa contributing towards almost half of the global millet production. It exhibits several climate-resilient features and thus can survive in harsh climatic conditions. But, in the changing climatic scenario, its productivity is decreasing and there is a high need for developing high yielding hybrids and varieties in order to increase its productivity. Thus, understanding and analyzing the genetic diversity is very imperative and necessary to develop superior hybrids of pearl millet. In this study, a total of 24 genotypes including 19 different released hybrids and 5 varieties of pearl millet were used for diversity analysis using 156 Simple Sequence Repeat (SSR) markers. Out of these, 91 SSRs were observed to be polymorphic giving 284 alleles. The number of alleles per locus varied from 2 to 6 with an average of 3.12 alleles. Polymorphic Information Content (PIC) values ranged from 0.31 to 0.78 with an average of 0.58 PIC value. Cluster analysis on the basis of SSRs grouped these 24 genotypes into four major clusters viz., I, II, III, IV with the similarity coefficient varying between 0.59 to 0.78. The results revealed that adequate genetic variability subsists among the hybrids and varieties used in the present study and these can be further used in the pearl millet improvement programs. The findings also divulge that SSR markers are very dexterous and can be used proficiently for genetic diversity evaluation in pearl millet. It is also foreseen that results of the current study may be used further for varietal identification and DNA fingerprinting.
Analysis of Urban Flooding Impacts Based on Predicted Precipitation Uncertainty
Authors: Lee Jin Hyeong , Lee Gi Ha , Lee Seung Soo , Kim Young Hun , Choi Chan Ul , Kwon Seong Cheon
Published: February 2025

This study analyzed the impact of rainfall prediction uncertainty on urban flooding, focusing on a heavy rainfall event (August 8, 2022) in the Dorim River Basin in the Seoul metropolitan area. Baseline data, observed by automatic weather station (AWS), was provided by the Korea Meteorological Administration. This study evaluated the rainfall prediction performance of two predictive rainfall datasets (LDAPS and MAPLE) using this data. In addition, the study conducted flood simulations based on estimated manhole overflow volumes. The results showed that the rainfall predicted by LDAPS exhibited an NSE of –0.482 and a PBIAS of 87.692, indicating a significant underestimation. Conversely, MAPLE demonstrated an NSE of 0.668 and a PBIAS of –4.176, suggesting an overestimation, but achieving a quantitatively superior performance. In the flood simulation, LDAPS-based predictions corresponded poorly with the AWS-based results with a 5.2% hit rate, whereas MAPLE achieved a hit rate of 91.9%, along with an additional 0.856 km² of flooded area. This study highlights that the uncertainty in predictive rainfall datasets significantly affects urban flood prediction accuracy, emphasizing the necessity of calibrating predictive rainfall data to improve flood prediction reliability.
A Study on the Structural Stability of Reinforced Concrete Slabs Using Topology Optimization
Authors: Park Youngji , Kim DoYeon , Kim YoungJin , Lee HoGeun , Kim SeongKyum
Published: February 2025

In this study, the stability of reinforced concrete structures has become a critical concern due to the increasing frequency of heavy rainfall and rising annual precipitation associated with global warming. Water infiltration into concrete can cause rebar corrosion, thereby compromising durability. To address this issue, water-blocking blocks were installed at the ends of road decks, and bending tests along with finite element analysis were conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of these measures in preventing rebar corrosion and enhancing structural stability.
Evaluation of the Stiffness and Time-dependent Clamping Characteristics of Disk Springs for Optimal Design of Friction Dampers
Authors: Kim Sungbae , Cho Sunghyun , Kwon Hyungo
Published: February 2025

Friction damper is a seismic device that improves the seismic performance of a structure by incorporating multiple friction units with high-tension bolts and disc springs. The clamping force of high-tension bolts significantly influences the performance and quality of friction dampers. The purpose of this study is to validate the performance of disc springs applied to improve the clamping force and quality of friction dampers. The mechanical properties and time-dependent reduction in the clamping forces of the high-strength bolt with disc springs were evaluated in the performance tests of the disc springs. The loading test results show that the load resistance increases with an increase in the outer diameter and the loss of stiffness beyond a specific dimension (0.75h0). The bolt relaxation test results suggest that the reduction rate of the bolt clamping force after 31 days (744 h) was less than 4% for all specimens.