bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Influence of Animal/Plant Activated Biochar Properties on Methane Production from Corn Stalk by Anaerobic Fermentation
Authors: Zhang Zhen , Tian Shujian , Liu Jun , Guo Peng-Yan , Shen Jie
Published: August 2022

Activated biochar (ABC) was prepared from typical plant/animal biochar (pig bone biochar/corn stalk biochar) by optimizing the gas production characteristics of anaerobic fermentation. The effects of the physical and chemical properties (specific surface area, surface functional group and conductivity) of ABC on the gas production characteristics of anaerobic fermentation were investigated. The results showed that the effect of pig-bone activated biochar (PABC) on anaerobic fermentation gas production characteristics was better than that of corn-stalk activated biochar (CABC). The peak period of gas production or methane production was up to 4 days earlier than that of the control group, and the cumulative methane production was up to 68% higher; this can shorten the fermentation period for up to 7 days, and the effect of stabilizing pH is better. In addition, the surface functional groups are not the dominant factors affecting the gas production characteristics, but the effects of conductivity and specific surface area cannot be neglected. For most experimental groups, when the specific surface area of PABC is more than 90 m2/g and the specific surface area of CABC is more than 100 m2/g. Methane production increases with the specific surface area increases and the controllable range of CBAC is relatively wider than that of PBAC. When the conductivity of CABC is more than 650 μS/cm and the conductivity of PABC is more than 1000 μS/cm, the conductivity has a positive correlation with methane production.
Climate Resilience and Adaptation in West African Oyster Fisheries: An Expert-Based Assessment of the Vulnerability of the Oyster Crassostrea tulipa to Climate Change
Authors: Mahu Edem , Sanko Salieu , Kamara Allieubakarr , Chuku Ernest Obeng , Effah Elizabeth , Sohou Zacharie , Zounon Yaovi , Akinjogunla Victoria , Akinnigbagbe Ruth Oluwatoyin , Diadhiou Hamet Diaw , Marchant Robert
Published: August 2022

Globally, over 85% of oyster reefs have been lost, and the combined effects of climate change, ocean acidification, and environmental degradation, including pollution and mangrove overharvesting, could further reduce global oyster fisheries in the coming decades. To understand the level of impact of climate change on the oyster fishery in West Africa, an expert-based vulnerability assessment to climate change was conducted for the West African mangrove oyster (Crassostrea tulipa, Lamarck 1819). Using a combination of the exposure of the oyster to climatic stressors (estuarine temperature, salinity, river flow, surface run-off, sea level rise, and estuarine circulation) together with an assessment of sensitivity to these stressors, we estimate the overall vulnerability of C. tulipa to climate change. A very high overall climate vulnerability score of 12 on a scale of 16 was calculated for C. tulipa. While the overall climate exposure score in the West African coastal region remained high, the high sensitivity of C. tulipa to hydrographic conditions of its habitat, in particular salinity, coupled with its sessile and habitat-specific nature, pushed the overall vulnerability to very high. Early life history settlement requirements, adult mobility, and sensitivity to salinity were the three most important biological and sensitivity attributes that determined the vulnerability score. By leaving each of these three sensitivity attributes out of the analysis, the overall vulnerability score was reduced to 9 (i.e., from very high to high). A negative directional effect of climate change, coupled with a low potential for change in distribution, threatens the C. tulipa fishery in a long-term adverse climate scenario. We recommend management efforts that incorporate climate resilience and adaptation practices to prioritize recruitment success, as well as the development of breeding lines with climate-resilient traits.
Neuroprotective Potential of Thinned Peaches Extracts Obtained by Pressurized Liquid Extraction after Different Drying Processes
Authors: Guo Chongting , Valdés Alberto , Sánchez-Martínez José David , Ibáñez Elena , Bi Jinfeng , Cifuentes Alejandro
Published: August 2022

Genetic, environmental and nutritional factors are suggested as primary factors of Alzheimer’s disease (AD), and secondary metabolites such as polyphenols present in thinned peaches are considered as good candidates for AD prevention. Thinned peaches are usually dried to avoid putrefaction, but the effects of the drying method and the extraction process on the polyphenol composition and the neuroprotective potential have never been addressed. In this work, a pressurized liquid extraction (PLE) method was optimized and applied to thinned peaches dried under different conditions, and their neuroprotective potential was evaluated in vitro. In addition, the PLE extracts were characterized via HPLC-Q-TOF-MS/MS, and a permeability assay was performed to evaluate the ability of the identified metabolites to cross the blood–brain barrier (BBB). The PLE extracts obtained from freeze-dried (FD) samples with 50% ethanol in water at 180 °C showed the best neuroprotective potential. Finally, among the 81 metabolites identified, isoferulic acid, 4-methyldaphnetin, coniferyl aldehyde and 3,4-dihydroxyacetophenone were found at higher concentrations in FD extracts. These metabolites are able to cross the BBB and are positively correlated with the neuroprotective potential, suggesting FD together with PLE extraction as the best combination to exploit the neuroprotective capacity of thinned peaches.
Selective Survival of Protective Cultures during High-Pressure Processing by Leveraging Freeze-Drying and Encapsulation
Authors: McGillin Meghan R. , deRiancho Dana L. , DeMarsh Timothy A. , Hsu Ella D. , Alcaine Samuel D.
Published: August 2022

High-Pressure Processing’s (HPP) non-thermal inactivation of cells has been largely incompatible with food products in which the activity of selected cultures is intended (e.g., bio-preservation). This work aims to overcome this limitation using a cocoa butter encapsulation system for freeze-dried cultures that can be integrated with HPP technology with minimal detrimental effects on cell viability or activity capabilities. Using commercially available freeze-dried protective cultures, the desiccated cells survived HPP (600 MPa, 5 °C, 3 min) and subsequently experienced a 0.66-log increase in cell counts during 2 h of incubation. When the same culture was rehydrated prior to HPP, it underwent a >6.07-log decrease. Phosphate-buffered saline or skim milk inoculated with cocoa butter-encapsulated culture up to 24 h before HPP displayed robust cell counts after HPP and subsequent plating (8.37–9.16 CFU/mL). In addition to assessing viability following HPP, the study sought to test the applicability in a product in which post-HPP fermentation is desired While HPP-treated encapsulated cultures initially exhibited significantly delayed fermentative processes compared to the positive controls, by 48 h following inoculation, the HPP samples’ pH values bore no significant difference from those of the positive controls (encapsulated samples: pH 3.83 to 3.92; positive controls: pH 3.81 to 3.85). The HPP encapsulated cultures also maintained high cell counts throughout the fermentation (≥8.95 log CFU/mL).
Enhanced Extracellular Production and Characterization of Sucrose Isomerase in Bacillus subtilis with Optimized Signal Peptides
Authors: Guo Dan , Li Mingyu , Jiang Mengtong , Cong Guilong , Liu Yuxin , Wang Conggang , Li Xianzhen
Published: August 2022

Sucrose isomerase (SIase) catalyzes the hydrolysis and isomerization of sucrose into isomaltulose, which is an important functional sugar widely used in the food industry. However, the lack of safe and efficient expression systems for recombinant SIase has impeded its production and application. In this study, enhanced expression of a SIase from Klebsiella sp. LX3 (referred to as KsLX3-SIase) was achieved in Bacillus subtilis WB800N, by optimizing the signal peptides. First, 13 candidate signal peptides were selected using a semi-rational approach, and their effects on KsLX3-SIase secretion were compared. The signal peptide WapA was most efficient in directing the secretion of KsLX3-SIase into the culture medium, producing a specific activity of 23.0 U/mL, as demonstrated by shake flask culture. Using a fed-batch strategy, the activity of KsLX3-SIase in the culture medium was increased to 125.0 U/mL in a 5-L fermentor. Finally, the expressed KsLX3-SIase was purified and was found to have maximum activity at 45 °C and pH 5.5. Its Km for sucrose was 267.6 ± 18.6 mmol/L, and its kcat/Km was 10.1 ± 0.2 s−1mM−1. These findings demonstrated an efficient expression of SIase in B. subtilis, and this is thought to be the highest level of SIase produced in a food-grade bacteria to date.
Control Measurements of Escherichia coli Biofilm: A Review
Authors: Zhou Feng , Wang Dehua , Hu Jiamiao , Zhang Yi , Tan Bee K. , Lin Shaoling
Published: August 2022

Escherichia coli (E. coli) is a common pathogen that causes diarrhea in humans and animals. In particular, E. coli can easily form biofilm on the surface of living or non-living carriers, which can lead to the cross-contamination of food. This review mainly summarizes the formation process of E. coli biofilm, the prevalence of biofilm in the food industry, and inhibition methods of E. coli biofilm, including chemical and physical methods, and inhibition by bioactive extracts from plants and animals. This review aims to provide a basis for the prevention and control of E. coli biofilm in the food industry.
Effects of Ultrasound Modification with Different Frequency Modes on the Structure, Chain Conformation, and Immune Activity of Polysaccharides from Lentinus edodes
Authors: Hua Yu , Zhang Haihui , Fu Qian , Feng Yuqin , Duan Yuqing , Ma Haile
Published: August 2022

The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of ultrasound with different frequency modes on the chemical structure, chain conformation, and immune activity of lentinan from Lentinus edodes; the structure–activity relationship of lentinan was also discussed. The results showed that, compared with original lentinan (extracted using hot water), although ultrasonic treatment did not change the monosaccharide composition and main functional groups of lentinan, it significantly changed its chain conformation. Especially at 60, 40/60, and 20/40/60 kHz, according to atomic force microscopy and solution chain conformation parameters, lentinan transformed from a rigid triple-helix chain to a flexible single-helix chain, and the side-chain was severely broken. Under this condition, lentinan had the worst immune activity. However, at 20/40 and 20/60 kHz, the rigid triple-helix chain transformed into a loose and flexible triple-helix chain, showing the strongest immune activity. These results indicated that dual-frequency ultrasound had significant effects on the conformation of lentinan, and the conformation characteristics of polysaccharide chain such as spiral number, stiffness and flexibility, and side-chain played an important role in immune activity. This study shows the great potential of ultrasound with different frequency modes in carbohydrate food processing, which may have important reference value and practical significance.
Characteristics of Probiotic Preparations and Their Applications
Authors: Wang Guangqiang , Chen Yunhui , Xia Yongjun , Song Xin , Ai Lianzhong
Published: August 2022

The probiotics market is one of the fastest growing segments of the food industry as there is growing scientific evidence of the positive health effects of probiotics on consumers. Currently, there are various forms of probiotic products and they can be categorized according to dosage form and the site of action. To increase the effectiveness of probiotic preparations, they need to be specifically designed so they can target different sites, such as the oral, upper respiratory or gastrointestinal tracts. Here we review the characteristics of different dosage forms of probiotics and discuss methods to improve their bioavailability in detail, in the hope that this article will provide a reference for the development of probiotic products.
Mineral Content, Functional, Thermo-Pasting, and Microstructural Properties of Spontaneously Fermented Finger Millet Flours
Authors: Mudau Masala , Ramashia Shonisani Eugenia , Mashau Mpho Edward
Published: August 2022

Finger millet is a cereal grain which is superior to wheat and rice in terms of dietary fibre, minerals, and micronutrients. Fermentation is one of the oldest methods of food processing, and it has been used to ferment cereal grains such as finger millet (FM) for centuries. The aim of this study was to investigate the impact of spontaneous fermentation (SF) on mineral content, functional, thermo-pasting, and microstructural properties of light- and dark-brown FM flours. Spontaneous fermentation exhibited a significant increase in the macro-minerals and micro-minerals of FM flours. In terms of functional properties, SF decreased the packed bulk density and swelling capacity, and it increased the water/oil absorption capacity of both FM flours. Spontaneous fermentation had no effect on the cold paste viscosity of FM flours. However, significant decreases from 421.61 to 265.33 cP and 320.67 to 253.67 cP were observed in the cooked paste viscosity of light- and dark-brown FM flours, respectively. Moreover, SF induced alterations in the thermal properties of FM flours as increments in gelatinisation temperatures and gelatinisation enthalpy were observed. The results of pasting properties exhibited the low peak viscosities (1709.67 and 2695.67 cP), through viscosities (1349.67 and 2480.33 cP), and final viscosities (1616.33 and 2754.67 cP), along with high breakdown viscosities (360.00 and 215.33 cP) and setback viscosity (349.33 and 274.33 cP), of spontaneously fermented FM flours. Scanning electron microscopy showed that SF influenced changes in the microstructural properties of FM flours. The changes induced by SF in FM flours suggest that flours can be used in the food industry to produce weaning foods, jelly foods, and gluten-free products that are rich in minerals.
In-Vitro Study on the Antibacterial and Antioxidant Activity of Four Commercial Essential Oils and In-Situ Evaluation of Their Effect on Quality Deterioration of Pacific White Shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) during Cold Storage
Authors: Qian Yun-Fang , Lin Ting , Liu Xiao , Pan Jiao , Xie Jing , Yang Sheng-Ping
Published: August 2022

The antioxidant and antibacterial properties of four essential oils (oregano essential oil (OEO), tea tree essential oil (TTEO), wild orange essential oil (WOEO), and clove leaf essential oil (CLEO)) were determined. The in-vitro experiment indicated that CLEO had the highest total phenolic content and DPPH scavenging activity, and OEO displayed the highest antibacterial effect, so they were applied to maintain the quality of shrimp for further study. In-situ study, the total viable counts of shrimp were inhibited from 9.05 log CFU/g to 8.18 and 8.34 log CFU/g by 2% of OEO and CLEO treated alone on 10 d. The melanosis ratio was also retarded from 38.16% to 28.98% and 26.35% by the two essential oils. The inhibitory effects of OEO and CLEO on the increase of PPO activity, weight loss, and TCA-soluble peptides, and the decreasing tendency of whiteness, the contents of myofibrillar and sarcoplasmic proteins were also founded. The samples treated with 1% OEO + 1% CLEO had better quality than those treated alone. Therefore, the combination of OEO and CLEO had a synergistic effect, which displayed the highest efficiency to prevent the melanosis, bacterial growth, and protein hydrolysis of shrimp.
Incorporation of Mycelium (Pleurotus eryngii) in Pea Protein Based Low Moisture Meat Analogue: Effect on Its Physicochemical, Rehydration and Structural Properties
Authors: Mandliya Shubham , Pratap-Singh Anubhav , Vishwakarma Siddharth , Dalbhagat Chandrakant Genu , Mishra Hari Niwas
Published: August 2022

The protein content of a plant-based ingredient is generally lower than its animal food counterpart, and research into novel alternative protein is required that can provide similar protein content, texture and appearance as meat. This work investigates a mycelium-based low moisture meat analogue (LMMA) approach, by incorporating 0 to 40% w/w mycelium (MY) into pea protein isolate (PPI) via extrusion using a twin-screw extruder at 140 °C die temperature, 40 rpm screw speed, and 10 rpm feeder speed (0.53–0.54 kg/h). Physicochemical, rehydration, and structural properties of LMMA were assessed. The MY incorporation led to a significant change in color attributes due to Maillard reaction during extrusion. Water solubility index and water absorption capacity increased significantly with MY addition, owing to its porous structure. Oil absorption capacity increased due to increased hydrophobic interactions post-extrusion. Protein solubility decreased initially (upto 20% w/w MY), and increased afterwards, while the water holding capacity (WHC) and volumetric expansion ratio (VER) of LMMA enhanced with MY addition upto 30% w/w. Conversely, WHC and VER decreased for 40% w/w which was verified with the microstructure and FTIR analysis. Overall, MY (30% w/w) in PPI produced a fibrous and porous LMMA, showing future potential with an increasingly plant-based product market and decreasing carbon footprint of food production activities.
A Mouse Model with Ablated Asparaginase and Isoaspartyl Peptidase 1 (Asrgl1) Develops Early Onset Retinal Degeneration (RD) Recapitulating the Human Phenotype
Authors: Biswas Pooja , Berry Anne Marie , Zawaydeh Qais , Bartsch Dirk-Uwe G. , Raghavendra Pongali B. , Hejtmancik J. Fielding , Khan Naheed W. , Riazuddin S. Amer , Ayyagari Radha
Published: August 2022

We previously identified a homozygous G178R mutation in human ASRGL1 (hASRGL1) through whole-exome analysis responsible for early onset retinal degeneration (RD) in patients with cone–rod dystrophy. The mutant G178R ASRGL1 expressed in Cos-7 cells showed altered localization, while the mutant ASRGL1 in E. coli lacked the autocatalytic activity needed to generate the active protein. To evaluate the effect of impaired ASRGL1 function on the retina in vivo, we generated a mouse model with c.578_579insAGAAA (NM_001083926.2) mutation (Asrgl1mut/mut) through the CRISPR/Cas9 methodology. The expression of ASGRL1 and its asparaginase activity were undetectable in the retina of Asrgl1mut/mut mice. The ophthalmic evaluation of Asrgl1mut/mut mice showed a significant and progressive decrease in scotopic electroretinographic (ERG) response observed at an early age of 3 months followed by a decrease in photopic response around 5 months compared with age-matched wildtype mice. Immunostaining and RT-PCR analyses with rod and cone cell markers revealed a loss of cone outer segments and a significant decrease in the expression of Rhodopsin, Opn1sw, and Opn1mw at 3 months in Asrgl1mut/mut mice compared with age-matched wildtype mice. Importantly, the retinal phenotype of Asrgl1mut/mut mice is consistent with the phenotype observed in patients harboring the G178R mutation in ASRGL1 confirming a critical role of ASRGL1 in the retina and the contribution of ASRGL1 mutations in retinal degeneration.
Artificial Intelligence Analysis of Celiac Disease Using an Autoimmune Discovery Transcriptomic Panel Highlighted Pathogenic Genes including BTLA
Authors: Carreras Joaquim
Published: August 2022

Celiac disease is a common immune-related inflammatory disease of the small intestine caused by gluten in genetically predisposed individuals. This research is a proof-of-concept exercise focused on using Artificial Intelligence (AI) and an autoimmune discovery gene panel to predict and model celiac disease. Conventional bioinformatics, gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA), and several machine learning and neural network techniques were used on a publicly available dataset (GSE164883). Machine learning and deep learning included C5, logistic regression, Bayesian network, discriminant analysis, KNN algorithm, LSVM, random trees, SVM, Tree-AS, XGBoost linear, XGBoost tree, CHAID, Quest, C&R tree, random forest, and neural network (multilayer perceptron). As a result, the gene panel predicted celiac disease with high accuracy (95–100%). Several pathogenic genes were identified, some of the immune checkpoint and immuno-oncology pathways. They included CASP3, CD86, CTLA4, FASLG, GZMB, IFNG, IL15RA, ITGAX, LAG3, MMP3, MUC1, MYD88, PRDM1, RGS1, etc. Among them, B and T lymphocyte associated (BTLA, CD272) was highlighted and validated at the protein level by immunohistochemistry in an independent series of cases. Celiac disease was characterized by high BTLA, expressed by inflammatory cells of the lamina propria. In conclusion, artificial intelligence predicted celiac disease using an autoimmune discovery gene panel.
Study on the Relationships between Doctor Characteristics and Online Consultation Volume in the Online Medical Community
Authors: Chen Zhu , Song Qingli , Wang An , Xie Dong , Qi Huiying
Published: August 2022

Background. As a new medical service model, the online health community can integrate various medical resources to the maximum extent and improve the accessibility and utilization rate of hospital high-quality medical resources. Objective. Research based on the characteristics of doctors can enable doctors to display themselves on the network platform better, provide better services for patients, and improve the quality of medical services for doctors. Method. By crawling the characteristic data of doctors in Good Doctor Online, using dynamic analysis, correlation analysis and regression analysis, this study explores the relationships between each characteristic data and online consultation volume. Results. The doctor’s title and city level representing the static characteristics of the doctor have a weak impact on the doctor’s online consultation volume, and the doctor’s dynamic characteristics such as the number of patient completions, the number of gifts received, and the number of published articles can have a positive impact on the doctor’s online consultation volume. However, the recommended heat will negatively affect the online consultation volume, and the comment text has no significant impact on the doctor’s online consultation volume. Conclusion. Therefore, doctors should actively publicize and show their professional level and constantly optimize their dynamic characteristics, increasing the number of online consultations and thus improving their influence.
The Clinical Impact of Precisely Defining Mantle Cell Lymphoma: Contributions of Elaine Jaffe
Authors: Roschewski Mark , Longo Dan L.
Published: August 2022

Mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) is an aggressive yet incurable B-cell lymphoma that was only first recognized as a distinct subtype in 1992, with early reports suggesting a poor median survival. Elaine Jaffe is a renowned hematopathologist and scientist from the National Cancer Institute who was instrumental in many of the early descriptions of MCL that distinguished it from other B-cell lymphomas. Further, she has led multiple international collaborations that have harmonized the lymphoma classification systems that are currently in use today. The early morphologic descriptions of MCL along with the contributions of immunologic and genetic techniques have confirmed MCL as a distinct entity with unique biology and clinical behavior. Importantly, these scientific discoveries laid the foundation for unprecedented therapeutic breakthroughs that have led to significant improvements in overall survival.
Efficient Editing of SoCSLD2 by CRISPR/Cas9 Affects Morphogenesis of Root Hair in Spinach
Authors: Cao Yingping , Xu Yue , Zhang Yue , Zhang Heng , Qin Zhi , Bai Chen , Zhang Hailing , Ma Dongmei , Wang Quanhua , Fu Chunxiang , Sun Meihong , Dai Shaojun
Published: August 2022

CRISPR/Cas9 is a valuable tool and has been extensively employed to perform gene editing in plants. However, CRISPR/Cas9 has not been successfully used in spinach, an important leafy vegetable crop. Here, we established a CRISPR/Cas9-based gene-editing system for spinach hairy roots and edited two cellulose synthase-like D (CSLD) genes (SoCSLD2 and SoCSLD3) that were involved in root-hair formation of spinach hairy roots. Four mutation types (i.e., replacement, insertion, deletion, and combined mutations) were observed, among which the replacement accounted for the vast majority (about 64.1%). Mutation rate differed largely among different targets. Seven homozygous/bi-allelic and eight heterozygous/chimeric mutants of SoCSLD2 were obtained from 15 independent transgenic hairy root lines. All of the seven homozygous/bi-allelic mutant lines displayed bulking and short root hairs, which resembled the characteristics of Arabidopsis atcsld2 mutants. The transcriptomic analysis further revealed that multiple gene expressions for cell-wall modulation and membrane trafficking were disturbed, which might result in the inhibition of root hair growth in socsld2 mutants. This indicates that SoCSLD2 was successfully knocked out in spinach root hairs using the CRISPR/Cas9-based gene editing system.
Optimum Discrimination on the Subsection Taxonomy of Wild Tree Peony Species in China Using Pollen Characteristics
Authors: Wang Yiting , Wang Jiangnan , Yan Zhenguo , Niu Lixin , Zhang Xiaoxiao , Zhang Yanlong
Published: August 2022

Pollen characteristics have some significance for plant taxonomy classification. We intend to explore a more concise index value for the subsection taxonomy with the pollen morphology and pollen viability determined from all nine wild tree peony species, including 18 populations native to China. We observed the pollen morphologic characters by scanning electron microscopy and measured the pollen viability in vitro. The results showed that the pollen polar length is the decisive characteristic in distinguishing the two subsections in section Moutan belonging to Paeoniaceae. The pollen polar length of five species belonging to subsect. Vaginatae is longer than 43 μm, while that of the four species belonging to subsect. Delavayanae is shorter than 43 μm. Meanwhile, the differences in pollen viability between the two subsections also play an auxiliary role in the classification of tree peony. The germination rate of the populations in subsect. Vaginatae is mostly greater than those of the populations in subsect. Delavayanae. The pollen germination rate of populations in subsect. Vaginatae is commonly more than 50%, while that of populations in subsect. Delavayanae less than 50%. Our study established taxonomic evidence between subsections in section Moutan and compared the pollen viability of subsect. Vaginatae and subsect. Delavayanae.
In Vitro Propagation of Caper (Capparis spinosa L.): A Review
Authors: Koufan Meriyem , Belkoura Ilham , Mazri Mouaad Amine
Published: August 2022

Caper (Capparis spinosa L.) is a shrubby plant species recalcitrant to vegetative propagation and generally difficult to propagate by seeds. This is due to the difficulties associated with seed germination, root induction from stem cuttings, and plant hardening. Propagation by tissue culture would be a good alternative and promising approach to overcome the limitations of conventional propagation. Tissue culture methods can be used for the clonal propagation of caper plants. Indeed, in many plant species, micropropagation has played a decisive role in the rapid and large-scale production of uniform and genetically stable plants. Tissue culture methods can also be used in genetic improvement and conservation programs. In this review, we first provided an overview on caper and its conventional means of propagation, then we described the different methods of caper micropropagation, i.e., in vitro seed germination and seedling development, propagation by nodal segmentation of elongated shoots (i.e., microcuttings), and adventitious organogenesis. These micropropagation methods can make it possible to overcome all the obstacles preventing large-scale propagation and genetic improvement of caper. Thus, the most updated information on the progress made in the field of caper micropropagation is reported and future perspectives are outlined.
A Fast Data-Driven Tool for Flood Risk Assessment in Urban Areas
Authors: Theodosopoulou Zafeiria , Kourtis Ioannis M. , Bellos Vasilis , Apostolopoulos Konstantinos , Potsiou Chryssy , Tsihrintzis Vassilios A.
Published: August 2022

Post-disaster flood risk assessment is extremely difficult owing to the great uncertainties involved in all parts of the assessment exercise, e.g., the uncertainty of hydrologic–hydraulic models and depth–damage curves. In the present study, a robust and fast data-driven tool for residential flood risk assessment is introduced. The proposed tool can be used by scientists, practitioners and/or stakeholders as a first step for better understanding and quantifying flood risk in monetary terms. Another contribution of the present study is the fitting of an equation through depth–damage points provided by the Joint Research Center (JRC). The approach is based on hydrologic simulations for different return periods, employing a free and widely used software, HEC-HMS. Moreover, flood depths for the study area are estimated based on hydrodynamic simulations employing the HEC-RAS software and the Inverse Distance Weighting (IDW) interpolation method. Finally, flood risk, in monetary terms, is determined based on the flood depths derived by the coupling of hydrodynamic simulations and the IDW method, depth–damage curves reported in the literature, vulnerability of residential areas and the residential exposure derived by employing GIS tools. The proposed tool is applied in a highly urbanized and flood-prone area, Mandra city, in the Attica region of Greece. The results are maps of flood depths and flood risk maps for specific return periods. Overall, the results derived from the application of the proposed approach reveal that the tool can be highly effective for post-disaster flood risk management. However, it must be noted that additional information and post-disaster data are needed for the verification of the damages from floods. Additional information can result in better calibration, validation and overall performance of the proposed flood risk assessment tool.
And Still She Rises: Policies for Improving Women’s Health for a More Equitable Post-Pandemic World
Authors: Shroff Farah M. , Tsang Ricky , Schwartz Norah , Alkhadragy Rania , Vora Kranti
Published: August 2022

The COVID-19 pandemic has spawned crises of violence, hunger and impoverishment. Maternal and Infant Health Canada (MIHCan) conducted this policy action study to explore how changes that have arisen during the COVID-19 pandemic may catalyze potential improvements in global women’s health toward the creation of a more equitable post-pandemic world. In this mixed methods study, 280 experts in women’s health responded to our survey and 65 subsequently participated in focus groups, including professionals from India, Egypt/Sudan, Canada and the United States/Mexico. From the results of this study, our recommendations include augmenting mental health through more open dialogue, valuing and compensating those working on the frontlines through living wages, paid sick leave and enhanced benefits and expanding digital technology that facilitates flexible work locations, thereby freeing time for improving the wellbeing of caregivers and families and offering telemedicine and telecounseling, which delivers greater access to care. We also recommend bridging the digital divide through the widespread provision of reliable and affordable internet services and digital literacy training. These policy recommendations for employers, governments and health authorities aim to improve mental and physical wellbeing and working conditions, while leveraging the potential of digital technology for healthcare provision for those who identify as women, knowing that others will benefit. MIHCan took action on the recommendation to improve mental health through open conversation by facilitating campaigns in all study regions. Despite the devastation of the pandemic on global women’s health, implementing these changes could yield improvements for years to come.
Malaria Transmission in Sahelian African Regions, a Witness of Climate Changes
Authors: Jambou Ronan , Njedanoun Medard , Panthou Geremy , Descroix Luc
Published: August 2022

Climate changes in the eastern part of Sahelian regions will induce an increase in rainfalls and extreme climate events. In this area, due to the intense events and floods, malaria transmission, a climate sensitive disease, is thus slowly extending in time to the drought season and in areas close to the border of the desert. Vectors can as well modify their area of breeding. Control programs must be aware of these changes to adapt their strategies.
Primary Care, Burnout, and Patient Safety: Way to Eliminate Avoidable Harm
Authors: Nishimura Yoshito
Published: August 2022

Patient safety has been a big theme in the area of global health, as represented by the resolution of the World Health Organization (WHO) on “Global action on patient safety” in 2019 and the recently published “Global Patient Safety Action Plan 2021–2030 [...]
Co-Effects of Hydrological Conditions and Industrial Activities on the Distribution of Heavy Metal Pollution in Taipu River, China
Authors: Yao Qinglu , Chen Ling , Mao Lingchen , Ma Yu , Tian Fengyan , Wang Ruijie , Meng Xiang-Zhou , Li Feipeng
Published: August 2022

In Taipu River, after being transformed from a drainage channel to a drinking water supply river in 1995, heavy metals that have accumulated in sediments have become an environmental issue. Herein, we collected sediments of Taipu River in 2018, 2020, and 2021 and analyzed the distribution of Sb, As, Cd, Cu, Pb, Cr, and Zn to identify their sources. The results revealed that the mean concentrations of heavy metals were above the background values, except for Cr and As. During the non-flood season, the midstream of Taipu River becomes a heavy metal hotspot, with their concentrations 2–5 times higher than those in upstream sediment. There were significant correlations (r = 0.79–0.99) among drainage, precipitation and flow rate, which indicated that drainage caused by both the opening of Taipu Gate and precipitation control the flow rate and, then, possibly influenced the distribution of heavy metals. Moreover, three sources (industrial sources, particle deposition sources, and natural sources) were characterized as the determinants for the accumulation of heavy metal by the Positive Matrix Factorization model, with the contribution rates of 41.7%, 32.9%, and 25.4%, respectively. It is recommended that the influence of hydrological conditions and industrial activities should be a key consideration when developing regulations for the management of heavy metals in rivers.
Relationship between Dysphagia and Home Discharge among Older Patients Receiving Hospital Rehabilitation in Rural Japan: A Retrospective Cohort Study
Authors: Ohta Ryuichi , Weiss Emily , Mekky Magda , Sano Chiaki
Published: August 2022

Dysphagia refers to swallowing difficulty, which impacts patients’ quality of life. Dysphagia influences clinical outcomes, including mortality rates and length of hospital stay of older hospitalized patients. Dysphagia may affect the current and future quality of life of these patients. However, its exact impact remains unclear. We aimed to clarify the impact of dysphagia on discharge to home in older patients in a rural rehabilitation unit. We conducted a secondary analysis using data from a retrospective cohort study including patients aged over 65 years who had been discharged from a community hospital rehabilitation unit in rural Japan. Data from the participants had been previously collected from April 2016 to March 2020. The primary outcome was home discharge. The average participant age was 82.1 (standard deviation, 10.8) years; 34.5% were men. Among medical conditions, brain stroke (44.3%) was the most frequent reason for admission; the most frequent orthopedic condition was femoral fracture (42.9%). The presence of dysphagia (odds ratio [OR] = 0.38, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.20–0.73), polypharmacy (OR = 0.5, 95% CI: 0.32–0.90), and admission for internal medicine diseases (OR = 0.44, 95% CI: 0.26–0.77) were negatively associated with home discharge. High motor domain scores of the Functional Independence Measure were positively associated with home discharge (OR = 1.07, 95% CI: 1.05–1.08). Dysphagia was negatively associated with home discharge as were polypharmacy and admission for internal medicine diseases and conditions. By clarifying effective interventions through interventional studies, including approaches to managing multimorbidity and polypharmacy through interprofessional collaboration, the health conditions of older patients in rural areas may be improved.
Research on the Causes of Gas Explosion Accidents Based on Safety Information Transmission
Authors: Guo Huimin , Li Shugang , Cheng Lianhua
Published: August 2022

To better explain the cause of gas explosion accidents, based on the existing accident-causation theory, this paper proposes an accident-causation model of gas explosion accidents based on safety information transmission. Based on this, a new method for the prevention of gas explosion accidents can be developed. By analysing the connection between safety information transmission and the causal factors of gas explosion accidents, it is inferred that the loss of safety information transmission is the key factor leading to accidents. Safety information transmission is a process chain in which information is transmitted between the information source and information subject. This process involves the stages of information generation, conversion, perception, cognition, decision-making, and execution. Information loss is inevitable during the transmission process. When the information loss of the degree of safety affects the judgment of the information subject on the current situation and decision making, the possibility of accidents increases. Therefore, in this study, we constructed an accident-causation model for gas explosion accidents based on the three elements and six stages of safety information transmission. Subsequently, the DEMATEL-ISM method was used to quantitatively analyse the causes of gas explosion accidents. Through a multilevel hierarchical structure division of the accident causes, the cause, result, and root factors affecting accidents were identified, and countermeasures were proposed to provide a theoretical basis for the prevention of gas explosion accidents.
Environmental Regulation Promotes Eco-Efficiency through Industrial Transfer: Evidence from the Yangtze River Economic Belt in China
Authors: Dai Yelin , Liu Yue , Ding Xuhui , Wu Chundu , Chen Yu
Published: August 2022

How does environmental regulation affect ecological efficiency? What is the role of industrial transfer in the mechanism of action? Relations and interactions between the three determine economic quality when ecological performance is concerned. Empirical studies in this paper are based on samples from the Yangtze River economic belt in China, which contributes nearly half of China’s GDP. By measuring environmental regulation, industrial transfer, and ecological efficiency, data and indexes are prepared for investigating the driving mechanism of environmental regulation and illustrating of the role of industrial transfer. By applying the Markov process to model industrial transfer between regions, the dynamic of transfer is simulated and facilitates further study on the effects of industrial transfer. Finally, this paper concludes that by targeting on the improvement of ecological efficiency, environmental regulation releases its utility through industrial transfer. The highlights include three aspects. Theoretically, it illustrates the driving mechanism of improving the eco-efficiency by environmental regulation. Technically, it pioneers a methodology for describing the regional industrial transfer by modeling it with a Markov process. Practically, the conclusion supplies insights into the inherent law of sustainable development for policy makers.
Analysis of Factors Contributing to the Increase in 7Be Activity Concentrations in the Atmosphere
Authors: Narazaki Yukinori , Sakoda Akihiro , Akata Naofumi , Itoh Hisanori , Momoshima Noriyuki
Published: August 2022

In March 2013, increased 7Be activity concentrations in the atmosphere were observed for successive days in Dazaifu, western Japan. The daily 7Be activity concentration ranged from 0.93 to 14 mBq/m3, with a monthly average of 8.3 mBq/m3. This average was the highest among the monthly averages observed between 1999 and 2015, and higher than the monthly average over this period (4.7 mBq/m3) plus twice the standard deviation. Also, this exceeded the monthly average (6.0 mBq/m3) only for March 1999–2015 (excluding 2013, when the cosmic-ray intensity, a component producing 7Be, decreased). Based on the backward trajectory analysis etc. results, the inflow of air from the stratosphere and upper troposphere at high latitudes that frequently occurred in March 2013 was considered the reason for the 7Be activity concentration increase.
Measuring Mobile Phone Application Usability for Anticoagulation from the Perspective of Patients, Caregivers, and Healthcare Professionals
Authors: Wang Shih-Wei , Chiou Chun-Chi , Su Chien-Hao , Wu Cheng-Chih , Tsai Shu-Chen , Lin Tsu-Kung , Hsu Chien-Ning
Published: August 2022

Oral anticoagulants (OAC) are recommended for preventing stroke and systemic embolism in atrial fibrillation. Proper use is imperative for maximizing anticoagulation therapy’s effectiveness and safety. In preparation for the implementation of a smartphone-based SmartMed app (application) aiming to promote patient self-management, medication adherence, and data collection for patients on anticoagulation therapy, its usability assessment can ensure the value of OAC app development and adoption. We evaluated the SmartMed app’s usability using the System Usability Scale (SUS) and the app-specific domain of the Mobile App Rating Scale (MARS) for its perceived impact on taking OAC regularly. We recruited 25 OAC users and their home caregivers and 59 healthcare professionals, including pharmacists, nurses, and cardiac surgeons from one medical center and one regional hospital in Taiwan. All participants (n = 84) thought the SmartMed app was useful, with mean SUS and MARS scores of 81.49 (±14.42) and 4.65 (±0.49), respectively. Usability evaluation revealed that fewer experiences with smartphone apps and different healthcare professionals (pharmacists versus nurses or cardiac surgeons) were associated with lower SUS scores and perceived impact. Throughout the evaluation process, the SmartMed app’s design was considered helpful from multiple stakeholders’ perspectives. Further ongoing mobile technology supports are necessary to establish the SmartMed app’s effectiveness.
Retrospective Evaluation of Discharge Planning Linked to a Long-Term Care 2.0 Project in a Medical Center
Authors: Huang Su-Tsai , Chen Chun-Min , Su Yu-Yung , Chang Shu-Chen
Published: August 2022

Background: Although there are several studies on discharge planning and long-term care systems in individual programs, research on the connection between discharge planning and the usage of long-term care is scanty. This study aims to evaluate the nature of the association between discharge planning (DP) and long-term care (LTC) and whether the utilization of LTC services improved after being discharged. Methods: This was a single-center retrospective medical record review study. Secondary data analysis was conducted of DP–LTC participation data between 2018 and 2019. The objectives were to clarify the distinct characteristics of each part of the service to explore the utility rate by overall users and users with willingness and to determine the factors influencing their usage. Medical claims were used to identify inpatients receiving discharge services, and data were matched with LTC system engagement data (n = 2155). Backward stepwise regression was used to explore the attributes associated with each type of service use. Results: A total of 94% (2042/2155) of inpatients expressed a perceived need for LTC services, of which 14% (285/2042) were users of LTC services after discharge. When assessed by case-mix system (CMS) and willingness to use services during hospitalization, inpatients had higher rates of service utilization after discharge. Using LTC services was most likely to be associated with obesity, disability, high CMS level, higher education, and women. Conclusion: The study confirms that the utilization of LTC services has improved under the integrated DP–LTC system. The gap between willing and actual users is worth considering. In the assessment stage, special attention should be paid to the service needs of persons with BMI ≥ 27 and disabilities. Future research with a larger sample could comprehensively evaluate the impact of integrated DP services on the use of LTC 2.0 service resources.
The Effect of Observational Learning on Self-Efficacy by Sport Competition Condition, Performance Level of Team Members, and Whether You Win or Lose
Authors: Kwon Taegyong , Shin Seakhwan , Shin Myoungjin
Published: August 2022

This study examined the effect of athletes’ competition conditions, personal performance level, and attributions toward winning or losing on the relationship between observational learning (OL) and self-efficacy (SE) based on social cognitive theory and social comparison theory. Study 1 verified the validity and reliability of the Korean versions of the Functions of Observational Learning Questionnaire (FOLQ) and the SE Questionnaire. Study 2 investigated differences in the degree to which OL predicts SE in different pressure conditions and personal performance levels. The results showed that OL increased SE in high-performing athletes in high-pressure games and better predicted SE in low-performing athletes in low-pressure games. Study 3 tested the double-mediating effects of effect and OL on the effect of attributions about winning or losing on SE. The results showed that a stronger perception that the cause of winning was internal was associated with increased pride, OL, and SE.
Associating Renewable Energy, Globalization, Agriculture, and Ecological Footprints: Implications for Sustainable Environment in South Asian Countries
Authors: Wang Lixun , Mehmood Usman , Agyekum Ephraim Bonah , Uhunamure Solomon Eghosa , Shale Karabo
Published: August 2022

The main purpose of this work is to investigate the impacts of globalization (GL), renewable energy (RE), and value-added agriculture (AG) on ecological footprints (EF) and CO2 emissions. For quantitative analysis, this research paper includes yearly data from 1990–2018 for four South Asian nations: Bangladesh, India, Pakistan, and Sri Lanka. These countries are most vulnerable to climate hazards and rapid economic transitions. The Westerlund test provides a strong association among the panel data. The findings of ordinary least squares (DOLS) and fully modified ordinary least squares (FMOLS) show that RE is lowering CO2 emissions and EF in the long run. A 1% increase in RE results in a 10.55% and 2.08% CO2 decrease in emissions and EF, respectively. Globalization and AG are contributing to environmental degradation in selected South Asian countries. Therefore, these countries need to exploit solar energy to its full capacity. Moreover, these countries need to explore more RE resources to reduce their dependence on non-RE sources. These countries can make their agricultural sectors sustainable by following efficient farming practices. Environmental awareness should be enhanced among the farmers. Farmers can use animal fertilizers and clean inputs in AG to achieve sustainable agricultural products. Overall, this work suggests that these countries can achieve a cleaner environment by adopting RE and by promoting efficient technologies through globalization.