bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Efficacy of an herbal formula Guixiong Yimu San in preventing retained placenta and improving reproductive performance in cows
Authors: Cui Dongan , Wang Lei , Wang Ling , He Jiongjie , Li Yuqiong , Zhang Zhounian , Wang Shengyi
Published: June 2024

Retained placenta is a common health issue, and appropriate prevention strategies are effective in postpartum health management. This study aimed to evaluate whether early intervention using GYS can prevent retained placenta and puerperal metritis, as well as enhance reproductive outcomes in cows. Each bovine in the GYS group (n = 591) received a single prophylactic dose of GYS (0.5 g/kg body weight) orally within 2 h after parturition, while those in the control group (n = 598) received no intervention. GYS treatment was associated with a decreased incidence of retained placenta (4.6% vs. 12.0%, P < 0.01, OR = 0.335), a lower puerperal metritis risk (8.8% vs. 20.1%, P < 0.01, OR = 0.369), and a reduced need for additional therapeutic antibiotics (11.2% vs. 26.1%, P < 0.01, OR = 0.342). We observed increases in the first service conception rate (59.7% vs. 49.1%, P < 0.01) and conception rate within 305 days postpartum (93.2% vs. 85.5%, P < 0.01) in the GYS group than in the control group. A significant decrease was observed in the number of services per conception (1.8 ± 1.1 vs. 2.1 ± 1.4, P < 0.01) and the calving-to-conception interval (83.6 ± 39.6 vs. 96.6 ± 52.5 days, P < 0.01) between the two groups. Additionally, GYS treatment increased milk yield on days 7, 14, and 28 postpartum without affecting milk fat, milk protein, somatic cell count (SCC), or milk urea nitrogen (MUN) on days 7 and 28 postpartum. Accordingly, the GYS was effective and safe in preventing retained placenta and to improve reproductive performance in cows. Therefore, it could be a prophylactic intervention for superior postpartum fertility in cows.
Remimazolam-flumazenil provides fast recovery from general anesthesia compared to propofol during radiofrequency catheter ablation of atrial fibrillation
Authors: Lee Seohee , Lee Jaemoon , Hwang So Yeong , Ju Jae-Woo , Nam Karam , Ahn Hyo-Jeong , Lee So-Ryoung , Choi Eue-Keun , Jeon Yunseok , Cho Youn Joung
Published: June 2024

The optimal anesthetic agent for radiofrequency catheter ablation (RFCA) of atrial fibrillation (AF) and its impact on the recovery profiles remain uncertain. We compared the recovery and hemodynamic parameters between the remimazolam-flumazenil and propofol groups during RFCA. Patients were randomized into the remimazolam-flumazenil and propofol groups. The primary outcome measure was the time to eye opening following the discontinuation of anesthetic agents. Secondary outcomes included time to extubation, time to discharge from the operating room, intraprocedural hemodynamic variables and postoperative quality outcomes. Fifty-three patients were included in the final analysis (n = 26 in the remimazolam-flumazenil and n = 27 in the propofol group). The time to eye opening was significantly shorter in the remimazolam-flumazenil group compared to the propofol group (median [interquartile range]: 174 [157–216] vs. 353 [230–483] s, P < 0.001). The mean blood pressure and bispectral index were significantly higher in the remimazolam-flumazenil group compared to the propofol group (mean difference [95% CI], 7.2 [1.7–12.7] mmHg and 6 [3–8]; P = 0.011 and < 0.001, respectively), which were within target ranges in both groups. Other secondary outcomes were comparable between the groups. Consequently, remimazolam emerges as a promising anesthetic agent, characterized by rapid recovery and stable hemodynamics, during RFCA of AF.

Trial registration: NCT05397886.
Association between statin therapy and long-term clinical outcomes in patients with stable coronary disease undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention
Authors: Wu Han-Ping , Yang Feng-Ching , Lin Hau-De , Cai Chuan-Zhong , Chuang Ming-Jen , Chiang Kuo Feng , Lin Mao-Jen
Published: June 2024

This longitudinal cohort study examined the long-term effect of statin therapy on clinical outcomes in patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). A total of 1760 patients with stable coronary artery disease (CAD) were divided by receipt of statin therapy or not after index PCI. Baseline clinical characteristics, risk factors, angiographic findings, and medications after interventional procedure were assessed to compare long-term clinical outcomes between groups. Predictors for all-cause death and major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE), including myocardial infarction (MI), cardiovascular death, and repeated PCI procedures, were also analyzed. The statin therapy group had higher average serum cholesterol and more elevated low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) than the non-statin therapy group (189.0 ± 47.9 vs 169.3 ± 37.00 mg/dl, 117.2 ± 42.6 vs 98.7 ± 31.8 mg/dl, respectively, both P < 0.001). The non-statin group had higher rates of all-cause death and cardiovascular death compared to statin group (both P < 0.001). After adjustment for age, diabetes, and chronic kidney disease, Cox proportion hazard analysis revealed statin use significantly reduced all-cause death and repeated PCI procedure (hazard ratio: 0.53 and 0.69, respectively). Statin use seemed not reduce the hazard of cardiovascular death or MI in patients with stable CAD after PCI; however, statin therapy still was associated with reduced rates of all-cause death and repeat PCI procedure.
A method for screening salt stress tolerance in Indian mustard (Brassica juncea) (L.) Czern & Coss at seedling stage
Authors: Aggarwal Garima , Edhigalla Premnath , Walia Puneet , Jindal Suruchi , Sandal Sanjeet Singh
Published: June 2024

Fifty-nine diverse Brassica juncea (Indian mustard) genotypes were used to find an effective screening method to identify salt tolerance at the germination and seedling stages. Salinity stress limits crop productivity and is difficult to simulate on farms, hindering parental selection for hybridization programmes and the development of tolerant cultivars. To estimate an optimum salt concentration for screening, seeds of 15 genotypes were selected randomly and grown in vitro at 0 mM/L, 75 mM/L, 150 mM/L, 225 mM/L, and 300 mM/L concentrations of NaCl in 2 replications in a complete randomized design. Various morphological parameters, viz., length of seedling, root and shoot length, fresh weight, and dry weight, were observed to determine a single concentration using the Salt Injury Index. Then, this optimum concentration (225 mM/L) was used to assess the salt tolerance of all the 59 genotypes in 4 replications while observing the same morphological parameters. With the help of Mean Membership Function Value evaluation criteria, the genotypes were categorized into 5 grades: 4 highly salt-tolerant (HST), 6 salt-tolerant (ST), 19 moderately salt-tolerant (MST), 21 salt-sensitive (SS), and 9 highly salt-sensitive (HSS). Seedling fresh weight (SFW) at 225 mM/L was found to be an ideal trait, which demonstrates the extent to which B. juncea genotypes respond to saline conditions. This is the first report that establishes a highly efficient and reliable method for evaluating the salinity tolerance of Indian mustard at the seedling stage and will facilitate breeders in the development of salt-tolerant cultivars.
Research progress on synthesis mechanism and performance evaluation of ball milling biochar-iron based materials
Authors: Li Hangyu , Ni Zhen , Kang Zhenyu , Sheng Hongtao , Wang Yuqing , Chen Mengfang , Qian Linbo
Published: June 2024

Biochar-iron based material has been recognized as an important soil and underground water remediation material, which successfully achieves by adsorption, reduction, and mediating advanced oxidation. In recent years, the use of ball milling to synthesize biochar-iron based materials has become an emerging and promising method due to its low cost, environmental friendliness, and potential for large-scale production. This article presents an overview of the fundamental principles underlying ball milling technology, encompassing aspects such as ball milling pre-treatment, biochar pyrolysis temperature, ball milling speed, milling time, ball-to-material ratio, milling atmosphere, and other parameters that exert a substantial influence on material properties. Additionally, it summarized the potential governing rules associated with these parameters. The performance variances resulting from ball milling pre-treatment and biochar pyrolysis temperatures were highlighted. The specific performance of ball milling in improving the physical/chemical properties of biochar-iron based materials was summarized respectively. Explaining the respective roles and functions of biochar and iron-based materials in eliminating various pollutants during the physical/chemical adsorption, chemical reduction, and catalytic oxidation. It is pointed out in the outlook that although ball milling has been frequently reported in research, its underlying effect mechanism remains a subject of challenge. While previous studies have demonstrated the versatility of ball milling, there is still a need to actively explore their application in meeting diverse environmental restoration requirements. Ultimately, both ball milling technology and biochar-iron based materials hold a promising prospects and warrant further investigation in future endeavors.
Spatiotemporally distinct responses to mechanical forces shape the developing seed of Arabidopsis
Authors: Bauer Amélie , Ali Olivier , Bied Camille , Bœuf Sophie , Bovio Simone , Delattre Adrien , Ingram Gwyneth , Golz John F , Landrein Benoit
Published: June 2024

Organ morphogenesis depends on mechanical interactions between cells and tissues. These interactions generate forces that can be sensed by cells and affect key cellular processes. However, how mechanical forces, together with biochemical signals, contribute to the shaping of complex organs is still largely unclear. We address this question using the seed of Arabidopsis as a model system. We show that seeds first experience a phase of rapid anisotropic growth that is dependent on the response of cortical microtubule (CMT) to forces, which guide cellulose deposition according to shape-driven stresses in the outermost layer of the seed coat. However, at later stages of development, we show that seed growth is isotropic and depends on the properties of an inner layer of the seed coat that stiffens its walls in response to tension but has isotropic material properties. Finally, we show that the transition from anisotropic to isotropic growth is due to the dampening of cortical microtubule responses to shape-driven stresses. Altogether, our work supports a model in which spatiotemporally distinct mechanical responses control the shape of developing seeds in Arabidopsis.
Aptamer-based assembly systems for SARS-CoV-2 detection and therapeutics
Authors: Dong Yuhang , Wang Jingping , Chen Ling , Chen Haonan , Dang Shuangbo , Li Feng
Published: June 2024

This review presents the recent progress on aptamers that have been explored for SARS-CoV-2 detection and therapeutics, wherein the construction principles and characteristics of aptamer-based assembly systems are systematically summarized.
Ultrasensitive electrochemical immunosensor for the detection of C-reactive protein antigen
Authors: Ozoemena Okoroike C. , Boateng Emmanuel , Chen Aicheng
Published: June 2024

Cardiovascular disease is one of the leading causes of premature death worldwide, and the determination of C-reactive protein (CRP) from human serum is of vital importance for the diagnosis of the disease.
Identification of lipid-specific proteins with high-density lipid-immobilized beads
Authors: Morito Masayuki , Yasuda Hiroki , Matsufuji Takaaki , Kinoshita Masanao , Matsumori Nobuaki
Published: June 2024

Detergent-tolerant and membrane-mimetic lipid-immobilized beads were developed for the screening of lipid-specific membrane-associated proteins from cell lysates.
Spatiotemporal regulation of CENP-E-guided chromosomes using a fast-relaxing arylazopyrazole photoswitch
Authors: Matsuo Kazuya , Uehara Ryota , Kikukawa Takashi , Waku Tomonori , Kobori Akio , Tamaoki Nobuyuki
Published: June 2024

We developed a centromere-associated protein E (CENP-E) inhibitor employing trans to cis photoisomerization with 405 nm visible light illumination and fast thermal relaxation.
Enantioselective total synthesis of atisane diterpenoids: (+)-sapinsigin H, (+)-agallochaol C, and (+)-16α, 17-dihydroxy-atisan-3-one
Authors: Dethe Dattatraya H. , Sharma Nitin , Juyal Sakshi , Singh Prabhakar , Siddiqui Salman A.
Published: June 2024

Enantioselective total synthesis of (+)-sapinsigin H, (+)-agallochaol C, and (+)-16α, 17-dihydroxy-atisan-3-one has been accomplished starting from enantiopure Wieland–Miescher ketone.
Theoretical and experimental study of pharmaceutical salts: a case of trimethoprim
Authors: Zhang Liang , Wu Di , Zhang Menglong , Yu Fuhai , Bao Ying , Xie Chuang , Hou Baohong , Jing Dingding , Zhang Chuntao , Chen Wei
Published: June 2024

Virtual screening of pharmaceutical salts by the conductor-like screening model for realistic solvents (COSMO-RS) method to improve the water solubility of trimethoprim (TMP).
Benchmark ab initio characterization of the multi-channel Cl + CH3X [X = F, Cl, Br, I] reactive potential energy surfaces
Authors: Gál Dorina R. , Papp Dóra , Czakó Gábor
Published: June 2024

We report benchmark relative energies for the stationary points of the Cl + CH3X [X = F, Cl, Br, I] reactions considering four reaction pathways as well as core-correlation, post-(T), basis-set, scalar relativistic, spin–orbit and ZPE contributions.
Combined 7Li NMR, density functional theory and operando synchrotron X-ray powder diffraction to investigate a structural evolution of cathode material LiFeV2O7
Authors: Pereira Taiana L. E. , Serrano Sevillano Jon , Moreno Beatriz D. , Reid Joel W. , Carlier Dany , Goward Gillian R.
Published: June 2024

We apply density functional theory (DFT) calculations to assign the experimental signals observed in 7Li NMR spectra of pristine and lithiated LiFeV2O7 framework.
Electrolyte-gated amorphous IGZO transistors with extended gates for prostate-specific antigen detection
Authors: Yin Xuemei , Ji Xingqi , Liu Wenlong , Li Xiaoqian , Wang Mingyang , Xin Qian , Zhang Jiawei , Yan Zhuocheng , Song Aimin
Published: June 2024

A portable biosensor combining electrolyte-gated IGZO transistors with an extended pluggable sensing pad for prostate-specific antigen (PSA) detection at low operating voltages.
PExM: polyplex expansion microscopy for cell trafficking studies
Authors: Navalón-López María , Castells-Colldeforns Pau , Pujals Silvia , Fornaguera Cristina , Borrós Salvador
Published: June 2024

Polymeric nanoparticles expansion microscopy scheme. Left: cells with no expansion in where individual nanoparticles visualization is complicated. Right: system expand allowing visualization of individual nanoparticles inside cells.
Molecular behavior of silicone adhesive at buried polymer interface studied by molecular dynamics simulation and sum frequency generation vibrational spectroscopy
Authors: Wu Yuchen , Lin Ting , Santos Elizabeth , Ahn Dongchan , Marson Ryan , Sarker Pranab , Chen Xiaoyun , Gubbels Frédéric , Shephard Nick E. , Mohler Carol , Wei Tao , Kuo Tzu-Chi , Chen Zhan
Published: June 2024

Molecular behavior of adhesion promoter at buried polymer interfaces has been elucidated using combined studies of molecular dynamics simulations and sum frequency generation vibrational spectroscopy.
Aflatoxin biosynthesis regulators AflR and AflS: DNA binding affinity, stoichiometry, and kinetics
Authors: Abbas Asmaa , Prajapati Ranjit K. , Aalto-Setälä Emil , Baykov Alexander A. , Malinen Anssi M.
Published: June 2024

Aflatoxins (AFs), potent foodborne carcinogens produced by Aspergillus fungi, pose significant health risks worldwide and present challenges to food safety and productivity in the food chain. Novel strategies for disrupting AF production, cultivating resilient crops, and detecting contaminated food are urgently needed. Understanding the regulatory mechanisms of AF production is pivotal for targeted interventions to mitigate toxin accumulation in food and feed. The gene cluster responsible for AF biosynthesis encodes biosynthetic enzymes and pathway-specific regulators, notably AflR and AflS. While AflR, a DNA-binding protein, activates gene transcription within the cluster, AflS enhances AF production through mechanisms that are not fully understood. In this study, we developed protocols to purify recombinant AflR and AflS proteins and utilized multiple assays to characterize their interactions with DNA. Our biophysical analysis indicated that AflR and AflS form a complex. AflS exhibited no DNA-binding capability on its own but unexpectedly reduced the DNA-binding affinity of AflR. Additionally, we found that AflR achieves its binding specificity through a mechanism in which either two copies of AflR or its complex with AflS bind to target sites on DNA in a highly cooperative manner. The estimated values of the interaction parameters of AflR, AflS and DNA target sites constitute a fundamental framework against which the function and mechanisms of other AF biosynthesis regulators can be compared.
A new dimension in the variability of AGB stars: Convection patterns size changes with pulsation
Authors: Rosales-Guzmán A. , Sanchez-Bermudez J. , Paladini C. , Freytag B. , Wittkowski M. , Alberdi A. , Baron F. , Berger J.-P. , Chiavassa A. , Höfner S. , Jorissen A. , Kervella P. , Le Bouquin J.-B. , Marigo P. , Montargès M. , Trabucchi M. , Tsvetkova S. , Schödel R. , Van Eck S.
Published: June 2024

Context.Stellar convection plays an important role in atmospheric dynamics, wind formation, and the mass-loss processes in asymptotic giant branch stars. However, a direct characterization of convective surface structures in terms of size, contrast, and lifespan is quite challenging, as spatially resolving these features requires the highest angular resolution.

Aims.We aim to characterize the size of convective structures on the surface of the O-rich AGB starR Carto test different theoretical predictions based on mixing-length theory from solar models.

Methods.We used infrared low-spectral resolution (R ∼ 35) interferometric data in theH-band (∼1.76 μm) obtained by the instrument PIONIER at the Very Large Telescope Interferometer (VLTI) to image the star’s surface at two epochs separated by approximately six years. Using a power spectrum analysis, we estimated the horizontal size of the structures on the surface of R Car. The sizes of the stellar disk at different phases of a pulsation cycle were obtained using parametric model fitting in the Fourier domain.

Results.Our analysis supports that the sizes of the structures in R Car are correlated with variations in the pressure scale height in the atmosphere of the target, as predicted by theoretical models based on solar convective processes. We observed that these structures grow in size when the star expands within a pulsation cycle. While the information is still scarce, this observational finding highlights the role of convection in the dynamics of those objects. New interferometric imaging campaigns with the renewed capabilities of the VLTI are envisioned to expand our analysis to a larger sample of objects.
Constraining the helium-to-metal enrichment ratio ΔY/ΔZ from main-sequence binary stars
Authors: Valle G. , Dell’Omodarme M. , Prada Moroni P. G. , Degl’Innocenti S.
Published: June 2024

Aims. We aim to investigate the theoretical possibility of accurately determining the helium-to-metal enrichment ratio ΔY/ΔZ from precise observations of double-lined eclipsing binary systems.

Methods. Using Monte Carlo simulations, we drew synthetic binary systems with masses between 0.85 and 1.00 M⊙ from a grid of stellar models. Both stars were sampled from a grid with ΔY/ΔZ = 2.0, with a primary star at 80% of its main-sequence evolution. Subsequently, a broader grid with ΔY/ΔZ from 1.0 to 3.0 was used in the fitting process. To account for observational uncertainties, two scenarios were explored: S1, with realistic uncertainties of 100 K in temperature and 0.1 dex in [Fe/H]; and S2, with halved uncertainties. We repeated the simulation at two baseline metallicities: [Fe/H] = 0.0 and −0.3.

Results. The posterior distributions of ΔY/ΔZ revealed significant biases. The distributions were severely biased towards the edge of the allowable range in the S1 error scenario. The situation only marginally improved when considering the S2 scenario. The effect is due to the impact of changing ΔY/ΔZ in the stellar effective temperature and its interplay with [Fe/H] observational error, and it is therefore not restricted to the specific fitting method. Despite the presence of these systematic discrepancies, the age of the systems were recovered unbiased with 10% precision.

Conclusions. Our findings indicate that the observational uncertainty in effective temperature and metallicity significantly hinders the accurate determination of the ΔY/ΔZ parameter from main-sequence binary systems.
The 33 M⊙ black hole Gaia BH3 is part of the disrupted ED-2 star cluster
Authors: Balbinot E. , Dodd E. , Matsuno T. , Lardo C. , Helmi A. , Panuzzo P. , Mazeh T. , Holl B. , Caffau E. , Jorissen A. , Babusiaux C. , Gavras P. , Wyrzykowski Ł. , Eyer L. , Leclerc N. , Bombrun A. , Mowlavi N. , Seabroke G. M. , Cabrera-Ziri I. , Callingham T. M. , Ruiz-Lara T. , Starkenburg E.
Published: June 2024

Context. The Gaia Collaboration has recently reported the detection of a 33 M⊙ black hole in a wide binary system located in the solar neighbourhood.

Aims. Here we explore the relationship between this black hole, known as Gaia BH3, and the nearby ED-2 halo stellar stream.

Methods. We studied the orbital characteristics of the Gaia BH3 binary and present measurements of the chemical abundances of ED-2 member stars derived from high-resolution spectra obtained with the VLT.

Results. We find that the Galactic orbit of the Gaia BH3 system and its metallicity are entirely consistent with being part of the ED-2 stream. The characteristics of the stream, particularly its negligible spread in metallicity and in other chemical elements, as well as its single stellar population, suggest that it originated from a disrupted star cluster of low mass. Its age is comparable to that of the globular cluster M92 that has been estimated to be as old as the Universe.

Conclusions. This is the first black hole unambiguously associated with a disrupted star cluster. We infer the plausible mass range for the cluster to be relatively narrow, between 2 × 103 M⊙ and 5.2 × 104 M⊙. This implies that the black hole could have formed directly from the collapse of a massive very metal-poor star, but that the alternative scenario of binary interactions inside the cluster environment also deserves to be explored.
An Update on the Genetic Drivers of Corticotroph
Tumorigenesis
Authors: Hernández-Ramírez Laura C. , Perez-Rivas Luis Gustavo , Theodoropoulou Marily , Korbonits Márta
Published: June 2024

The genetic landscape of corticotroph tumours of the pituitary gland has
dramatically changed over the last 10 years. Somatic changes in the USP8
gene account for the most common genetic defect in corticotrophinomas,
especially in females, while variants in TP53 or ATRX are
associated with a subset of aggressive tumours. Germline defects have also been
identified in patients with Cushing’s disease: some are well-established
(MEN1, CDKN1B, DICER1), while others are rare and could represent
coincidences. In this review, we summarise the current knowledge on the genetic
drivers of corticotroph tumorigenesis, their molecular consequences, and their
impact on the clinical presentation and prognosis.
Coordinative Europeanization as a response to crisis: what lessons from the RRF for future EU cohesion policy?
Authors: Polverari Laura
Published: June 2024

A considerable amount of literature has been devoted to analysing the genesis, rationale andmodus operandiof the NGEU and RRF. However, not much attention has been paid to the practical implications of the RRF, and potential lesson-drawing, for established EU policies. EU cohesion policy is particularly salient in this respect, given the RRF’s general objective of contributing to economic, social and territorial cohesion and the current discussions about the RRF serving as a model for future cohesion policy, to improve the policy’s effectiveness, rationalise spending in view of future enlargements and better tie EU funding with reforms. Starting with a comparison between the delivery arrangements of EU cohesion policy and of the RRF, the study identifies and tests four expectations about their timing and absorption, possible displacement effects, administrative burden, and the impacts to be achieved, and tackles the following research questions: is it realistic to expect the RRF and cohesion policy to work synergistically, given the diversity in their delivery arrangements? Is the RRF proving sufficiently effective and simple, to represent a good model for future EU cohesion policy? Could the coordinative Europeanization that is typical of the RRF be a viable decision-making and implementation mode beyond emergency?
The Pitkinian public: representation in the eyes of citizens
Authors: Lavi Liron , Treger Clareta , Rivlin-Angert Naama , Sheafer Tamir , Waismel-Manor Israel , Shenhav Shaul , Harsgor Liran , Shamir Michal
Published: June 2024

Democracy is backsliding in Europe and around the world as citizens’ trust in elected representatives and institutions wanes. Representation theories and studies have mostly centred on the representatives, rather than the represented. But how do citizens perceive political representation? Are their perceptions of any consequence at all? In this paper, we set forth a framework of representation in the eyes of citizens, based on Pitkin’s classic concept of representation in conjunction with Weissberg’s distinction between dyadic and collective representations. We use Israel as a proof of concept for our theoretical framework, employing an original set of survey items. We find that, in keeping with Pitkin’s framework, citizens perceive representation as multidimensional and depreciate the descriptive and symbolic—the standing-for—dimensions. Furthermore, citizens’ democratic attitudes are shaped by collective representation by the parliament rather than by dyadic representation by an elected representative. We conclude with a call for a greater focus on representation from the citizens’ standpoint.
Polymeromorphic Itô–Hermite functions associated with a singular potential vector on the punctured complex plane
Authors: Dkhissi Hajar , Ghanmi Allal
Published: June 2024

We provide a theoretical study of a new family of orthogonal functions on the punctured complex plane solving the eigenvalue problems for some magnetic Laplacian perturbed by a singular vector potential with zero magnetic field modeling the Aharonov–Bohm effect. The functions are defined by their β-modified Rodrigues type formula and extend the polyanalytic Itô–Hermite polynomials to the polymeromorphic setting. Mainly, we derive their different operational representations and give their explicit expressions in terms of special functions. Different generating functions and integral representations are obtained.
Inverse localization and global approximation for some Schrödinger operators on hyperbolic spaces
Authors: Enciso Alberto , García-Ruiz Alba , Peralta-Salas Daniel
Published: June 2024

We consider the question of whether the high-energy eigenfunctions of certain Schrödinger operators on the d-dimensional hyperbolic space of constant curvature −κ2 are flexible enough to approximate an arbitrary solution of the Helmholtz equation Δh + h = 0 on Rd, over the natural length scale O(λ−1/2) determined by the eigenvalue λ ≫ 1. This problem is motivated by the fact that, by the asymptotics of the local Weyl law, approximate Laplace eigenfunctions do have this approximation property on any compact Riemannian manifold. In this paper we are specifically interested in the Coulomb and harmonic oscillator operators on the hyperbolic spaces Hd(κ). As the dimension of the space of bound states of these operators tends to infinity as κ ↘ 0, one can hope to approximate solutions to the Helmholtz equation by eigenfunctions for some κ > 0 that is not fixed a priori. Our main result shows that this is indeed the case, under suitable hypotheses. We also prove a global approximation theorem with decay for the Helmholtz equation on manifolds that are isometric to the hyperbolic space outside a compact set, and consider an application to the study of the heat equation on Hd(κ). Although global approximation and inverse approximation results are heuristically related in that both theorems explore flexibility properties of solutions to elliptic equations on hyperbolic spaces, we will see that the underlying ideas behind these theorems are very different.
Access to the full three-dimensional Brillouin zone with time resolution, using a new tool for pump–probe angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy
Authors: Majchrzak Paulina , Zhang Yu , Kuibarov Andrii , Chapman Richard , Wyatt Adam , Springate Emma , Borisenko Sergey , Büchner Bernd , Hofmann Philip , Sanders Charlotte E.
Published: June 2024

Here, we report the first time- and angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy (TR-ARPES) with the new Fermiologics “FeSuMa” analyzer. The new experimental setup has been commissioned at the Artemis laboratory of the UK Central Laser Facility. We explain here some of the advantages of the FeSuMa for TR-ARPES and discuss how its capabilities relate to those of hemispherical analyzers and momentum microscopes. We have integrated the FeSuMa into an optimized pump–probe beamline that permits photon-energy (i.e., kz)-dependent scanning, using probe energies generated from high harmonics in a gas jet. The advantages of using the FeSuMa in this situation include the possibility of taking advantage of its “fisheye” mode of operation.
Bifurcations of degenerate homoclinic solutions in discontinuous systems under non-autonomous perturbations
Authors: Hua Duo , Liu Xingbo
Published: June 2024

The main aim of this paper is to study bifurcations of bounded solutions from a degenerate homoclinic solution for discontinuous systems under non-autonomous perturbations. We use Lyapunov–Schmidt reduction to give bifurcation equations and prove that a single parameter is enough to unfold two distinct homoclinic solutions bifurcated from the unperturbed degenerate homoclinic solution. Furthermore, we give an example of a periodically perturbed piecewise smooth differential equation in R4 to support our conclusions.
Multi-functional gas cell in the vacuum ultraviolet free-electron laser beamline
Authors: Wang Mingchang , Yu Yong , Yang Jiayue , Li Qinming , Zhang Weiqing
Published: June 2024

A long gas cell, filled with noble gas, is typically positioned between the undulator and the first mirror in the free-electron laser (FEL) beamline to attenuate the laser power as required by the end-stations. In addition to attenuation, the gas cell also serves important functions in various applications, such as spectrometer calibration, resolving power evaluation during beamline commissioning, and filtering of third harmonic in FEL operations. These functions of the gas cell have been successfully tested and implemented at the Dalian Coherent Light Source, a vacuum ultraviolet FEL facility located in Dalian, China. The resolving power of higher than 5000 has been obtained, and accurate calibration has been completed using the gas cell. During operation, the third harmonic of the FEL was attenuated by approximately one order of magnitude with almost the same power of the fundamental. This greatly improved the signal-to-noise ratio at the end-stations.
Three-dimensional numerical simulation and theoretical model of a hollow droplet impacting on a solid surface
Authors: Yang Chang , Chen Fuzhen , Yan Hong , Liu Fan
Published: June 2024

The phenomenon of a hollow droplet impacting on a solid surface is widely found in various fields. The dynamic characteristics of hollow diesel droplets impacting on a solid surface are studied by combining numerical simulation and theoretical analysis. The dynamic contact angle model presented in this paper couples the advantages of existing dynamic contact angle models for simulating both the spreading and retracting stages. It also considers the continuous variation of the contact angle during the maximum spreading state. Compared to existing models, the maximum error has been reduced from 14.9% to 4.6%. The effects of impact velocity, impact angle, and volume ratio of a hollow droplet on the spreading and jetting characteristics are investigated by three-dimensional numerical simulations. It is found that air entrainment occurred in the counter-jet, and the presence of the impact angle increased the asymmetry of the counter-jet and spreading liquid film, promoting fingerlike splashing at the front liquid film. Based on energy conservation law, the theoretical prediction models of the maximum spreading coefficient of the hollow droplet impacting on the surface and the velocity of the counter-jet at the maximum spreading state are established using the multi-regional modeling method and the energy distribution principle. Compared with existing hollow droplet theoretical models, the proposed theoretical models exhibit a more concise expression, higher accuracy, and wider applicability range.
Solid–liquid heterojunction UV photoelectrochemical photodetector based on WO3 nanosheets and acidic electrolyte
Authors: Han Chaoqian , Zhang Lin , Meng Yuanze , Wang Liying , Yang Xijia , Li Xuesong , Gao Yang , Lü Wei
Published: June 2024

The acid-resistant tungsten trioxide photoelectrochemical solid–liquid ultraviolet (UV) photodetector uses a thin film of tungsten trioxide as the photoelectrode, forming a stable heterojunction with the electrolyte. This study employed band theory and double electron layer theory to analyze the mechanisms underlying the effect of pH on the redox potential and photocurrent, utilizing the ion product constant of water and the Nernst equation. By applying the principles of energy band theory and the two-electron layer model, the electron transfer process was analyzed and explained. These findings hold significant promise for enhancing solid–liquid heterojunction UV photodetectors. Tungsten trioxide has fast response and high sensitivity under extreme conditions. The device performance of WO3 nanosheets fabricated by annealing at 300 °C for one hour is excellent, including a rise time of 0.7 s, decay time of 6.8 s, photosensitivity of 1.90, and photoresponsivity of 2.31 mA/W. 0.5M sulfuric acid produced the highest photocurrent (5.46 μA) and sensitivity (14.07). This material has potential applications in optoelectronics, catalysis, sensing, water treatment, and air purification.
The C1s core levels of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and styrenic polymers: A first-principles study
Authors: Galleni Laura , Escudero Daniel , Pourtois Geoffrey , van Setten Michiel J.
Published: June 2024

Understanding core level shifts in aromatic compounds is crucial for the correct interpretation of x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), including acenes, as well as of styrenic polymers, which are increasingly relevant for the microelectronic industry, among other applications. The effect of delocalization through π aromatic systems on the stabilization of valence molecular orbitals has been widely investigated in the past. However, little has been reported on the impact on the deeper C1s core energy levels. In this work, we use first-principles calculations at the level of many body perturbation theory to compute the C1s binding energies of several aromatic systems. We report a C1s red shift in PAHs and acenes of increasing size, both in the gas phase and in the molecular crystal. C1s red shifts are also calculated for stacked benzene and naphthalene pairs at decreasing intermolecular distances. A C1s red shift is in addition found between oligomers of poly(p-hydroxystyrene) and polystyrene of increasing length, which we attribute to ring–ring interactions between the side-chains. The predicted shifts are larger than common instrumental errors and could, therefore, be detected in XPS experiments.
Dynamics of oil separation from sand particle moving in the water at the Reynolds number of 500
Authors: Shayunusov D. , Eskin D. , Zeng H. , Nikrityuk P. A.
Published: June 2024

This work represents studies of bitumen separation from a single bitumen-coated sand particle moving in a stream of water at the particle Reynolds number of 500. The transient dynamics of separation processes are calculated numerically using a three-dimensional computational fluid dynamics based model coupled with the combination of level set and volume of fluid models, known as the coupled level set volume of fluid model. The sand particle diameter is 10−4 m. The bitumen layer thickness comprises 10% of the particle diameter. The simulation results show that 20% of bitumen is removed during the onset of the water flow around the particle. Further, a bitumen layer is transformed into a bitumen tail with 77% of the original bitumen volume.
Fisher information for smart sampling in time-domain spectroscopy
Authors: Bolzonello Luca , van Hulst Niek F. , Jakobsson Andreas
Published: June 2024

Time-domain spectroscopy encompasses a wide range of techniques, such as Fourier-transform infrared, pump–probe, Fourier-transform Raman, and two-dimensional electronic spectroscopies. These methods enable various applications, such as molecule characterization, excited state dynamics studies, or spectral classification. Typically, these techniques rarely use sampling schemes that exploit the prior knowledge scientists typically have before the actual experiment. Indeed, not all sampling coordinates carry the same amount of information, and a careful selection of the sampling points may notably affect the resulting performance. In this work, we rationalize, with examples, the various advantages of using an optimal sampling scheme tailored to the specific experimental characteristics and/or expected results. We show that using a sampling scheme optimizing the Fisher information minimizes the variance of the desired parameters. This can greatly improve, for example, spectral classifications and multidimensional spectroscopy. We demonstrate how smart sampling may reduce the acquisition time of an experiment by one to two orders of magnitude, while still providing a similar level of information.
Morphological effects of leading-edge sawtooth on the vortex evolution and acoustic characteristic of an ultra-thin centrifugal fan
Authors: Yang Xiaopei , Yang Yuanru , Jiang Boyan , Gao Xiangzheng , Hu Tiancong , Wang Jun
Published: June 2024

Serrations on the owl wings' leading edge (LE) are considered one of the critical characteristics leading to their silent flight. Inspired by this, LE sawtooth was innovatively induced on ultra-thin centrifugal fan blades, and the morphological effects of these teeth on the vortex evolution and aeroacoustic characteristics of the fan were studied using large eddy simulation and the Ffowcs Williams–Hawkings analogy. A single-passage model was adopted to finely simulate the flow mechanism between blades with an acceptable scale. Five sawtooth schemes with relative tooth width λ/b from 7.96% to 29.84%, as well as the prototype, were calculated and analyzed. It is found that the optimal λ/b ranges from 8% to 17.05%, which reduces the overall sound pressure level (SPL) by over 1 dB without impacting the blade pressure and efficiency. These sawteeth inhibited the LE separation, shattered the leading-edge vortex (LEV) into small vortices, and consequently weakened the pressure fluctuations on the blades. However, more prominent teeth (λ/b > 23.8%) intensify the interactions between LEV and other passage vortices, changing the dominant pressure pulsations to high frequency, in turn raising the overall SPL. Too small sawteeth are challenging to process on such ultra-thin blades, so the largest sawtooth among the suggested range was considered the optimal scheme (λ/b = 17.05%) and was manufactured to measure. The results show that the SPL of the fan with LE sawtooth is 0.24–0.57 dB lower than that of the prototype under the same flow rates, even though its rotational speed is increased.
A dynamic thermal sensing mechanism with reconfigurable expanded-plane structures
Authors: Tan Haohan , Cai Haoyang , Jin Peng , Huang Jiping
Published: June 2024

The precise measurement of temperature is crucial in various fields such as biology, medicine, industrial automation, energy management, and daily life applications. While in most scenarios, sensors with a fixed thermal conductivity inevitably mismatch the analogous parameter of the medium being measured, thus causing the distortion and inaccurate detection of original temperature fields. Despite recent efforts on addressing the parameter-mismatch issue, all current solutions are constrained to a fixed working medium, whereas a more universal sensor should function in a variety of scenes. Here, we report a dynamic and reconfigurable thermal sensor capable of highly accurate measurements in diverse working environments. Remarkably, thanks to the highly tunable thermal conductivity of the expanded-plane structure, this sensor works effectively on background mediums with a wide range of conductivity. Such a development greatly enhances the robustness and adaptability of thermal sensors, setting a solid foundation for applications in multi-physical sensing scenarios.
Electronic and optical properties of COFs/graphene and COF/hBN heterostructures
Authors: Shariat Panahi S. Fatemeh K. , Alihosseini M. , Neek-Amal M.
Published: June 2024

Covalent organic frameworks (COFs) are a class of intriguing materials with tunable electronic and optical properties. In this work, we investigate the electronic and optical properties of COFs embedded with hBN and graphene. Our results demonstrate that graphene integration enhances the ultraviolet and visible light absorption of C6N6 and B6O6 monolayers, while charge transfer in all COF/graphene heterostructures leads to the formation of a built-in electric field. Furthermore, we show that incorporating hBN into B6O6 and C6N6 heterostructures enables control of their bandgap through an applied electric field, resulting in a semiconductor-to-metal transition under moderate electric field strengths. Additionally, B6O6/hBN exhibits suitable band edge alignment for photocatalytic water splitting. These findings provide valuable insights into the electronic and optical properties of COF heterostructures and their potential applications in electronic and optoelectronic devices. Our study contributes to ongoing efforts in the design and development of novel COF and 2D material heterostructures for future electronic and photonic applications.
Spatiotemporal characteristics of flow in the bend and return channel perturbed by rotor–stator interaction
Authors: Zhang Zheying , Gu Zhanyuan , Zhang Wei , Zhu Zuchao
Published: June 2024

The flows in turbomachinery systems are strongly perturbed by the rotor–stator interaction (RSI) between the rotating and stationary through-flow components, generating the fluctuating flows. This work presents a numerical investigation of a flow in a test centrifugal pump system consisting of an impeller, diffuser, bend, and return channel at the designed and low flow rates. Both vaneless and vaned diffuser models are considered to determine the perturbation of the diffuser vanes on the flow. The objective is to quantitatively assess the impacts of two influential factors, i.e., the diffuser type and the flow rate, on the spatiotemporal characteristics of the transient flow in the various through-flow components. Particular attention is paid to the generation of the reversed flow, circulating vortices, and temporal fluctuations of the velocity field. It is found from the numerical data that both the flow rate and the diffuser type affect the temporal fluctuations of the flow, primarily via the impact of the RSI-induced large-scale vortices generated in the passages of the impeller and the vaned diffuser. The flow in the bend experiences the streamline curvature on the solid walls; thus, the peak values of the fluctuating amplitude of the streamwise and transverse velocities and the reversed flow may shift between the two halves of the channel close to the inner and outer wall. The boundary layer flow patterns are mainly determined by the flow rate at the low flow rate and by the diffuser vanes at the designed flow rate. This work comprehensively reveals the transient behaviors and unsteadiness of the flow which was not provided in the experimental investigation for the test centrifugal pump system which was widely studied since the essential flow physics are included. The numerical data in the stationary bend and return channel are first provided, which are of engineering significance for this type of centrifugal turbomachinery.
Antenna-enhanced high-resistance photovoltaic infrared detectors based on quantum ratchet architecture
Authors: Miyazaki Hideki T. , Mano Takaaki , Noda Takeshi , Kasaya Takeshi , Habibullah Yusuf B.
Published: June 2024

We demonstrate a quantum ratchet detector, which is a high-resistance photovoltaic mid-infrared detector based on an engineered spatial arrangement of subbands. In photovoltaic quantum-well photodetectors, in which unidirectional photocurrent is generated by asymmetric quantum-well structures, maximization of device resistance by suppressing undesired electron transports is crucial for minimizing noise. A semi-quantitative guideline suggests the significance of spatial separation between wavefunctions for reducing the conductance from the ground state. Here, we employ a step quantum well made of a shallow floor and a deep well. Photoexcited electrons are quickly transferred to a separated location from the ground state through fast resonant tunneling and phonon scattering, and then they are allowed to flow in only one direction. This architecture is made possible by the use of a GaAs/AlGaAs material system, and it achieves a resistance as high as 6.0 × 104 Ωcm2 with a single-period structure. Combined with optical patch antennas for responsivity enhancement, we demonstrate a maximum background-limited specific detectivity of 6.8 × 1010 cmHz1/2/W at 6.4 μm, 77 K for normal incidence, and a background-limited-infrared-photodetector temperature of 98 K.
Investigation on algorithms for simulating large deformation and impact loads
Authors: Zhang Zhen , Tao Aifeng , Zheng Jinhai , Wang Gang , Zhang Baoju
Published: June 2024

It is a challenge to simulate the hydrodynamic problems covering the large deformation of the free surface arising in severe circumstances with intense flow. This paper investigates algorithms based on the moving particle semi-implicit method for simulating large deformation and impact loads. The algorithm discretizes the fluid domain into a series of particles, each representing a part of the fluid. The pressure field calculation is implicit, and the velocity field calculation is explicit. Three models, including the gradient model, source term, and free-surface detection, have been improved and compared to determine which improvement is the best to enhance the accuracy and stability. The enhanced pressure gradient guarantees that momentum conservation can be satisfied. Particle density and velocity divergence are incompressible conditions combined in the mixed source term approach. The arc approach is used in the free-surface judging process. The results show that the combination of three models is the most effective in exploring the problems of hydrodynamic pressure and dam break. The issue of liquid sloshing including roll and sway investigates the effect of the initial distance and time step. It is found that the simulation accuracy of impact pressure can be increased as the initial distance and the time step decrease. Finally, the free surface breaking and liquid splashing phenomena are easily observed, and the method can accurately simulate the massive deformation of the free surface. These findings are helpful for hazard assessments of the various fluid mechanics-related problems.