bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Use of Empathic Communication During the COVID-19 Outbreak
Authors: Stevens Sheila K , Brustad Rebecca , Gilbert Lena , Houge Benjamin , Milbrandt Timothy , Munson Karee , Packard Jennifer , Werneburg Brooke , Siddiqui Mustaqeem A
Published: October 2020

As of May 13, 2020, the number of confirmed SARS-CoV-2 (novel corona virus, COVID-19) infections has risen to 4 300 000 worldwide, with over 1 300 000 confirmed cases in the United States. Various prediction models of spread indicate more hospitalization, increased ventilator use, and the shifting of medical resources to most efficiently serve the patient’s needs. Additionally, mitigation strategies such as monitoring for symptoms, social distancing, safer at home, and the wearing of masks caused our institution to implement significant operational changes to our usual practice. This included screening patients and staff for symptoms, rescheduling routine medical visits, postponing procedures, converting face-to-face visits to telephone or video visits, and changing visitor visit policies. In this article, we describe the various ways we deployed empathic communication messaging and resources across the institution during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Structural monitoring of a curve portion of an elevated railroad including the effects of the 19 September 2017 earthquake
Authors: Murià-Vila David , Aldama-Sánchez Baruo Daniel , García-Illescas Miguel Ángel , Sánchez-Ramírez Abraham Roberto , Loera Santiago
Published: October 2020

This article presents the most significant structural response parameters of a railway system analyzed with data gathered during 5 years. The structure is the instrumented curved portion of an elevated railroad that consists of a simply supported beam resting on cantilever columns on soft soil. A monitoring system was implemented to determine, within a few minutes, a preliminary structural state analyzing ambient vibration or seismic events. To assess the state of health of the structure, the response obtained from the seismic events, applying the proposed methodology, is compared with that obtained from controlled field tests conducted at the end of its construction and compared with design values. The monitoring system’s results showed minimal frequency variations caused by external works and a transitory variation of the fundamental frequencies during the 19 September 2017 great earthquake that, however, did not affect the structural integrity. The warning system showed acceptable performance, and only suggested checking the support beam-column condition.
American Society of Hematology 2020 Guidelines for Management of Venous Thromboembolism: Treatment of Deep Vein Thrombosis and Pulmonary Embolism
Authors: Ortel Thomas L. , Neumann Ignacio , Ageno Walter , Beyth Rebecca , Clark Nathan P. , Cuker Adam , Hutten Barbara A. , Jaff Michael R. , Manja Veena , Schulman Sam , Thurston Caitlin , Vedantham Suresh , Verhamme Peter , Witt Daniel M. , D. Florez Ivan , Izcovich Ariel , Nieuwlaat Robby , Ross Stephanie , J. Schünemann Holger , Wiercioch Wojtek , Zhang Yuan , Zhang Yuqing
Published: October 2020

In August 2022, these guidelines were reviewed by an expert work group convened by ASH. Review included limited searches for new evidence and discussion of the search results. Following this review, the ASH Committee on Quality agreed to continue monitoring the supporting evidence rather than revise or retire these guidelines at this time. Limited searches and expert review will be repeated annually going forward until these guidelines are revised or retired.

Background: Venous thromboembolism (VTE), which includes deep vein thrombosis (DVT) and pulmonary embolism (PE), occurs in ∼1 to 2 individuals per 1000 each year, corresponding to ∼300 000 to 600 000 events in the United States annually.

Objective: These evidence-based guidelines from the American Society of Hematology (ASH) intend to support patients, clinicians, and others in decisions about treatment of VTE.

Methods: ASH formed a multidisciplinary guideline panel balanced to minimize potential bias from conflicts of interest. The McMaster University GRADE Centre supported the guideline development process, including updating or performing systematic evidence reviews. The panel prioritized clinical questions and outcomes according to their importance for clinicians and adult patients. The Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) approach was used to assess evidence and make recommendations, which were subject to public comment.

Results: The panel agreed on 28 recommendations for the initial management of VTE, primary treatment, secondary prevention, and treatment of recurrent VTE events.

Conclusions: Strong recommendations include the use of thrombolytic therapy for patients with PE and hemodynamic compromise, use of an international normalized ratio (INR) range of 2.0 to 3.0 over a lower INR range for patients with VTE who use a vitamin K antagonist (VKA) for secondary prevention, and use of indefinite anticoagulation for patients with recurrent unprovoked VTE. Conditional recommendations include the preference for home treatment over hospital-based treatment for uncomplicated DVT and PE at low risk for complications and a preference for direct oral anticoagulants over VKA for primary treatment of VTE.
Mercury in the terrestrial environment: a review
Authors: Gworek Barbara , Dmuchowski Wojciech , Baczewska-Dąbrowska Aneta H.
Published: October 2020

Background

Environmental contamination by mercury is and will continue to be a serious risk for human health. Pollution of the terrestrial environment is particularly important as it is a place of human life and food production. This publication presents a review of the literature on issues related to mercury pollution of the terrestrial environment: soil and plants and their transformations.

Results

Different forms of atmospheric Hg may be deposited on surfaces by way of wet and dry processes. These forms may be sequestered within terrestrial compartments or emitted back into the atmosphere, and the relative importance of these processes is dependent on the form of Hg, the surface chemistry, and the environmental conditions. On the land surface, Hg deposition mainly occurs in the oxidized form (Hg2+), and its transformations are associated primarily with the oxidation–reduction potential of the environment and the biological and chemical processes of methylation. The deposition of Hg pollutants on the ground with low vegetation is as 3–5 times lower than that in forests. The estimation of Hg emissions from soil and plants, which occur mainly in the Hg0 form, is very difficult. Generally, the largest amounts of Hg are emitted from tropical regions, followed by the temperate zone, and the lowest levels are from the polar regions. Areas with vegetation can be ranked according to the size of the emissions as follows: forests > other areas (tundra, savannas, and chaparral) > agricultural areas > grassland ecosystems; areas of land devoid of vegetation emit more Hg than those with plants. In areas with high pollution, such as areas near Hg mines, the Hg content in soil and plants is much higher than in other areas.

Conclusions

Mercury is recognized as a toxic, persistent, and mobile contaminant; it does not degrade in the environment and becomes mobile because of the volatility of the element and several of its compounds. Atmospheric contamination by mercury continues to be one of the most important environmental problems in the modern world. The general conclusions were drawn from a review of the literature and presented in this paper.
Incidence and risk factors of inguinal hernia occurred after radical prostatectomy-comparisons of different approaches
Authors: Liu Lijia , Xu Haoxiang , Qi Feng , Wang Shangqian , Shadhu Kamleshsingh , Ramlagun-Mungur Dadhija , Wang Shui
Published: October 2020

Background

To observe cumulative morbidity of postoperative inguinal hernia (PIH) and identify risk factors associated with its development in patients who underwent retropubic radical prostatectomy (RRP), laparoscopic prostatectomy (LRP) or robotic assisted laparoscopic prostatectomy (RALP) operation.

Methods

From June 2009 to September 2016, 756 patients diagnosed with localized prostate cancer who had undergone RRP, LRP or RALP in our center were included in this study. Patients with PIH were retrospectively investigated in such factors as age, BMI, previous abdominal operations, diabetes mellitus history, hypertension history, prostate volume, previous hernia, operative methods, operative approach, preoperative Gleason, clinical T-stage, PLND situation, operative time, and estimated blood loss. Univariate and multivariate cox hazard regressions analysis were utilized to identify risk factors predisposing to PIH.

Results

A total of 53 of 751(7.1%) patients developed PIH at a median follow-up period of 43 months. PIH rate in RRP was significantly higher compared to LRP and RALP group (RRP: 15.3%, LRP: 6.7%, RALP:1.9%, P = 0.038). Right side (69.8%) and indirect (88.8%) PIH were dominant type in hernia group. Univariate and multivariate cox hazard regressions analysis indicated that age and RRP approach were identified to be implicated to PIH [adjusted hazard ratio7.39(1.18–46.39), 2.93(95% CI 1.47–5.84)].

Conclusions

RRP technique and older age, especially patients over 80 years, are associated with higher incidence for PIH development. Appropriate prophylaxis during the operation should be evaluated for those in high-risk.
The impact of COVID-19 pandemic on cardiac surgery in Israel
Authors: Keizman Eitan , Ram Eilon , Kachel Erez , Sternik Leonid , Raanani Ehud
Published: October 2020

Background

Ever since the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has become a pandemic, worldwide efforts are being made to “flatten the curve”. Israel was amongst the first countries to impose significant restrictions. As a result, cardiac surgeons have been required to scale down their routine practice, resulting in a significant reduction in the number of cardiac surgeries. The aim of this study is to characterize the impact of COVID-19 on cardiac surgery in Israel.

Methods

This is a retrospective observational study performed in two cardiac surgery departments in Israel and includes all patients who underwent cardiac surgery in March and April during the years 2019 and 2020. The patient cohort was divided into two groups based on the year of operation. Analysis of the patients’ baseline characteristics, operative data, and postoperative outcome, was performed.

Results

The 2019 group (n = 173), and the 2020 group (n = 108) were similar regarding their baseline characteristics, previous medical history, and rates of previous revascularization interventions. However, compared to the 2019 group, patients in the 2020 group were found to be more symptomatic (NYHA class IV; 2.4% vs. 6.2%, p = 0.007). While all patients underwent similar procedures, patients in the 2020 group had significantly longer procedural time (p < 0.001). In-hospital mortality rate was found to be significantly higher in group 2020 (13% vs. 5.2%, p = 0.037).

Conclusions

While the number of patients undergoing cardiac surgery declined during the outbreak period, the rate of surgical mortality increased. One explanation for this might be delayed hospital arrival.
Novel concepts in cervical cancer screening: a comparison of VIA, HPV DNA test and p16INK4a/Ki-67 dual stain cytology in Western Kenya
Authors: Orang’o Elkanah Omenge , Were Edwin , Rode Oliver , Muthoka Kapten , Byczkowski Michael , Sartor Heike , Vanden Broeck Davy , Schmidt Dietmar , Reuschenbach Miriam , von Knebel Doeberitz Magnus , Bussmann Hermann
Published: October 2020

Background

Screening of unvaccinated women remains essential to mitigate the high morbidity/mortality of cervical cancer. Here, we compared visual inspection with acetic acid (VIA), recommended by WHO as the most cost-effective screening approach in LMICs, with HPV-based screening, and usage of p16INK4a/Ki-67 dual stain cytology.

Methods

We prospectively enrolled women participating in a VIA-based cervical cancer screening program in two peri-urban health centers of Kenya. Consenting women had a VIA examination preceded by collection of a liquid-based cytology sample from the cervix stored in PreservCyt medium (Hologic®). Analysis of all samples included a hrHPV DNA test and evaluation of a p16INK4a /Ki-67 (CINtecPLUS®) dual stained slide that was prepared using the ThinPrep® 2000 Processor and evaluated by a pathologist trained in the methodology.

Results

In 701 of a total of 800 women aged 18–64 years, all three investigations were performed and data could be analyzed. The HPV, VIA and dual stain cytology positivity were 33%, 7%, and 2% respectively. The HPV positivity rate of VIA positive cases was 32%. The five most common HPV types were HPV16, 52, 68, 58 and 35. The OR among HIV infected women of an HPV infection, VIA positivity and positive dual stain cytology were 2.6 (95%CI 1.5–4.3), 1.9 (95%CI 0.89–4.4) and 3.4 (95%CI 1.07–10.9) respectively. The sensitivity of VIA to detect a p16INK4a/Ki-67 positive transforming infection was 13% (95%CI 2–38).

Conclusions

Primary HPV testing appears feasible and should be considered as a primary screening test also in LMICs. The poor sensitivity of VIA renders it unsuitable as a triage test for HPV positive women. The utility of p16INK4a/Ki-67 dual stain cytology as a triage test for HPV positive women in LMICs should be further studied.
Effect of vitamin A on intestinal mucosal injury in pediatric patients receiving hematopoietic stem cell transplantation and chemotherapy: a quasai-randomized trial
Authors: Pattanakitsakul Ploy , Chongviriyaphan Nalinee , Pakakasama Samart , Apiwattanakul Nopporn
Published: October 2020

Objective

Vitamin A is involved in maintenance of gut mucosal integrity and normal immune function. However, it is unclear whether these functions of vitamin A have any beneficial effects in patients undergoing hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). In this study, we aimed to examine the potential protective effect of vitamin A supplementation on gastrointestinal (GI) mucosal integrity in HSCT recipients using plasma citrulline as a surrogate marker of intestinal integrity.

Results

We performed a quasi-randomized trial in 30 pediatric patients undergoing HSCT. Half (n = 15) of the patients received a single high dose of vitamin A (200,000 IU) before the conditioning regimen was given, and half (n = 15) did not. Clinical data of patients who developed post-transplant complications were recorded for 60 days after HSCT. There were no significant differences in mean plasma citrulline levels on day 7 after HSCT between the treatment and control groups (5.8 vs. 5.9 µmol/L, respectively). The incidence of mucositis and other complications were not different between the two groups within 60 days of HSCT. Vitamin A supplementation prior to HSCT in pediatric patients had no clinical benefit in protecting GI mucosal integrity.
Contribution of calcium in drinking water from a South American country to dietary calcium intake
Authors: Cormick Gabriela , Lombarte Mercedes , Minckas Nicole , Porta Andrés , Rigalli Alfredo , Belizán Jose M. , Matamoros Natalia , Lupo Maela
Published: October 2020

Objective

To describe the calcium concentration of tap and bottled waters from Argentina and to estimate the contribution of drinking water to calcium recommendations.

Results

Calcium concentrations provided by water authorities ranged from 6 to 105 mg/L. The mean calcium level of samples analysed at the Laboratorio de Ingeniería Sanitaria, National University of La Plata was 15.8 (SD ± 13.2) mg/L and at the Bone Biology Laboratory of the National University of Rosario was 13.1 (± 10.0) mg/L. Calcium values of samples from supply systems and private wells was similar. Most bottled waters had calcium levels well below 50 mg/L. The intake of one litre of drinking water from Argentina could represent in average between 1.2 and 8.0% of the calcium daily values for an adult.
TWIST1 DNA methylation is a cell marker of airway and parenchymal lung fibroblasts that are differentially methylated in asthma
Authors: Clifford Rachel L. , Yang Chen Xi , Fishbane Nick , Patel Jamie , MacIsaac Julia L. , McEwen Lisa M. , May Sean T. , Castellanos-Uribe Marcos , Nair Parameswaran , Obeidat Ma’en , Kobor Michael S. , Knox Alan J. , Hackett Tillie-Louise
Published: October 2020

Background

Mesenchymal fibroblasts are ubiquitous cells that maintain the extracellular matrix of organs. Within the lung, airway and parenchymal fibroblasts are crucial for lung development and are altered with disease, but it has been difficult to understand their roles due to the lack of distinct molecular markers. We studied genome-wide DNA methylation and gene expression in airway and parenchymal lung fibroblasts from healthy and asthmatic donors, to identify a robust cell marker and to determine if these cells are molecularly distinct in asthma.

Results

Airway (N = 8) and parenchymal (N = 15) lung fibroblasts from healthy individuals differed in the expression of 158 genes, and DNA methylation of 3936 CpGs (Bonferroni adjusted p value < 0.05). Differential DNA methylation between cell types was associated with differential expression of 42 genes, but no single DNA methylation CpG feature (location, effect size, number) defined the interaction. Replication of gene expression and DNA methylation in a second cohort identified TWIST1 gene expression, DNA methylation and protein expression as a cell marker of airway and parenchymal lung fibroblasts, with DNA methylation having 100% predictive discriminatory power. DNA methylation was differentially altered in parenchymal (112 regions) and airway fibroblasts (17 regions) with asthmatic status, with no overlap between regions.

Conclusions

Differential methylation of TWIST1 is a robust cell marker of airway and parenchymal lung fibroblasts. Airway and parenchymal fibroblast DNA methylation are differentially altered in individuals with asthma, and the role of both cell types should be considered in the pathogenesis of asthma.
Cerebrospinal fluid A beta 1–40 peptides increase in Alzheimer’s disease and are highly correlated with phospho-tau in control individuals
Authors: Lehmann Sylvain , Dumurgier Julien , Ayrignac Xavier , Marelli Cecilia , Alcolea Daniel , Ormaechea Juan Fortea , Thouvenot Eric , Delaby Constance , Hirtz Christophe , Vialaret Jérôme , Ginestet Nelly , Bouaziz-Amar Elodie , Laplanche Jean-Louis , Labauge Pierre , Paquet Claire , Lleo Alberto , Gabelle Audrey ,   for the Alzheimer’s Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI)
Published: October 2020

Background

Amyloid pathology, which is one of the characteristics of Alzheimer’s disease (AD), results from altered metabolism of the beta-amyloid (Aβ) peptide in terms of synthesis, clearance, or aggregation. A decrease in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) level Aβ1–42 is evident in AD, and the CSF ratio Aβ42/Aβ40 has recently been identified as one of the most reliable diagnostic biomarkers of amyloid pathology. Variations in inter-individual levels of Aβ1–40 in the CSF have been observed in the past, but their origins remain unclear. In addition, the variation of Aβ40 in the context of AD studied in several studies has yielded conflicting results.

Methods

Here, we analyzed the levels of Aβ1–40 using multicenter data obtained on 2466 samples from six different cohorts in which CSF was collected under standardized protocols, centrifugation, and storage conditions. Tau and p-tau (181) concentrations were measured using commercially available in vitro diagnostic immunoassays. Concentrations of CSF Aβ1–42 and Aβ1–40 were measured by ELISA, xMAP technology, chemiluminescence immunoassay (CLIA), and mass spectrometry. Statistical analyses were calculated for parametric and non-parametric comparisons, linear regression, correlation, and odds ratios. The statistical tests were adjusted for the effects of covariates (age, in particular).

Results

Regardless of the analysis method used and the cohorts, a slight but significant age-independent increase in the levels of Aβ40 in CSF was observed in AD. We also found a strong positive correlation between the levels of Aβ1–40 and p-tau (181) in CSF, particularly in control patients.

Conclusions

These results indicate that an increase in the baseline level of amyloid peptides, which are associated with an increase in p-tau (181), may be a biological characteristic and possibly a risk factor for AD. Further studies will be needed to establish a causal link between increased baseline levels of Aβ40 and the development of the disease.
Data-driven graph drawing techniques with applications for conveyor systems
Authors: Göttlich Simone , Spieckermann Sven , Stauber Stephan , Storck Andrea
Published: October 2020

The visualization of conveyor systems in the sense of a connected graph is a challenging problem. Starting from communication data provided by the IT system, graph drawing techniques are applied to generate an appealing layout of the conveyor system. From a mathematical point of view, the key idea is to use the concept of stress majorization to minimize a stress function over the positions of the nodes in the graph. Different to the already existing literature, we have to take care of special features inspired by the real-world problems.
Nature-based early childhood education for child health, wellbeing and development: a mixed-methods systematic review protocol
Authors: Johnstone Avril , McCrorie Paul , Cordovil Rita , Fjørtoft Ingunn , Iivonen Susanna , Jidovtseff Boris , Lopes Frederico , Reilly John J. , Thomson Hilary , Wells Valerie , Martin Anne
Published: October 2020

Background

Several systematic reviews have reviewed the evidence relating to nature on aspects of children and adolescent’s health and wellbeing; however, none have looked at the associations or effectiveness of attending nature-based early childhood education (ECE). The main objective is to systematically review and synthesise the evidence to determine if nature-based ECE enhances children’s health, wellbeing and development.

Methods

We will search the following electronic databases (from inception onwards): MEDLINE, Scopus, PsycINFO, ERIC, SportDiscus, Australian Education Index, British Education Index, Child Development and Adolescent studies, and Applied Social Sciences Index and Abstracts. Grey literature will be identified searching dissertations and reports (e.g. Open Grey, Dissertations Theses Database [ProQuest], and Google Scholar). All types of studies (quantitative and qualitative) conducted in children (aged 2–7 years old) attending ECE who had not started education at primary or elementary school will be included. The exposure of interest will be nature-based ECE settings that integrate nature into their philosophy and/or curriculum and environment. The outcomes of interest will be all aspects of the child’s physical, cognitive, social and emotional health wellbeing and development. Two reviewers will independently screen full-text articles. The study methodological quality (or bias) will be appraised using appropriate tools. If feasible, a meta-analysis will be conducted using a random-effect model for studies similar in exposure and outcome. Where studies cannot be included in a meta-analysis, findings will be summarised based on the effect directions and a thematic analysis will be conducted for qualitative studies.

Discussion

This systematic review will capture the state of the current literature on nature-based ECE for child health, wellbeing and development. The results of this study will be of interest to multiple audiences (including researchers and policy makers). Results will be published in a peer-reviewed journal. Gaps for future research will be identified and discussed.

Systematic review registration

PROSPERO CRD42019152582
Joint optimization strategy for QoE-aware encrypted video caching and content distributing in multi-edge collaborative computing environment
Authors: Liu Zhi , Qiao Bo , Fang Kui
Published: October 2020

The video request service of users in 5G network will explode, and adaptive bit rate technology can provide users with reliable video response. Placing video resources on edge servers close to users can overcome the problem of excessive network load similar to traditional centralized cloud platform solutions. Moreover, multiple edge servers can provide caching and transcoding support by collaboration mechanisms, which further improves users’ Quality of Experience (QoE). However, the design difficulty of video caching and content distribution strategies is increased due to the diversity of collaboration mechanisms and the competition between local and collaborative services of edge servers for computing and storage resources. In order to solve this problem, video cache and content distribution problem is modeled as random integer programming problem in the multi-edge server at most two-hop collaboration scenario. In order to improve the security of video data transmission, the video stream is encrypted using an encryption algorithm based on Logistic chaotic-Quantum-dot Cellular Automata (QCA). For improving the efficiency of solving integer programming problems, this paper uses a pyramid intelligent evolution algorithm based on optimal cooperation strategy to solve this problem. Simulation experiments show that our proposed method can obtain higher QoE value compared with several newer methods. In addition, the average access delay of proposed method is shortened by more than 27.98%, which verifies its reliability.
Exploring the influencing factors of continuous crop residue supply: from the perspective of a sustainable and bioenergy-oriented crop cultivation
Authors: Xu Xin Long , Chen Hsing Hung , Li Yi
Published: October 2020

Background

Crop residues are an important raw material for bioenergy. There is, however, obvious seasonality in crop harvests, and thus, a continuous supply of crop residues and its respective influencing factors should be investigated.

Methods

In this paper, the impacts of geographical climatic conditions, characteristics of crops and the macroeconomic status exerted on the continuity of crop residue supply were analysed. Likewise, the effects of various factors on the supply of crop residues were examined.

Results

The results indicate that planting scale, crop diversity, climatic conditions, and topography have a significantly positive impact on a continuous crop residue supply, whereas the planting structure, temperature square term, energy pressure, and the economic development level have a significantly negative one. Finally, a regression-based decomposition method was used to measure the contribution rate of each variable onto the inequalities in the continuous supply of crop residues, which confirms that the impact of characteristics of crops on its continuous supply was the highest. The economic development level is the most important factor that affects the inequalities in the continuity of crop residue supply.

Conclusions

The above results were achieved by using different measurement methods, and based upon the findings obtained, this paper proposes policies and suggestions for ensuring sustainable and bioenergy-oriented crop cultivation.
Reliability and validity of the functioning assessment short test for older adults with bipolar disorder (FAST-O)
Authors: Orhan Melis , Korten Nicole , Kupka Ralph , van Oppen Patricia , Stek Max , Vieta Eduard , Schouws Sigfried , van Ballegooijen Wouter , Dols Annemiek
Published: October 2020

Background

Many frequently used instruments fail to assess psychosocial functioning in patients with bipolar disorder. The Functioning Assessment Short Test (FAST) was developed in order to tackle this problem and to assess the main functioning problems experienced by patients with bipolar disorder. However, the original FAST is not fully applicable in older adults due to the domain of occupational functioning. The aim of our study was to validate an adapted version for Older adults (FAST-O) in a group of older adults with bipolar disorder (OABD).

Methods

88 patients aged 50 years and over diagnosed with bipolar disorder were included. We adapted the items in the area of “work-related functioning” of the FAST into items assessing “societal functioning”. Several measurements were conducted in order to analyse the psychometric qualities of the FAST-O (confirmatory factor analysis for internal structure, Cronbach’s alpha for internal consistency, Spearman’s rho for concurrent validity, Mann–Whitney U test for discriminant validity).

Results

Mean age in the study sample was 65.3 (SD = 7.5) and 57.3% was female. The internal structure was most similar to the internal structure of the original FAST. The internal consistency was excellent (Cronbach’s alpha = .93). The concurrent validity when correlated with the Social and Occupational Functioning Assessment Scale was low, but significant. The FAST-O was also able to distinguish between euthymic and symptomatic OABD patients.

Conclusions

The FAST-O has strong psychometric qualities. Based on our results, we can conclude that the FAST-O is a short, efficient solution in order to replace global rating scales or extensive test batteries in order to assess daily functioning of older psychiatric patients in a valid and reliable manner.
An open-access stress magnitude database for Germany and adjacent regions
Authors: Morawietz Sophia , Heidbach Oliver , Reiter Karsten , Ziegler Moritz , Rajabi Mojtaba , Zimmermann Günter , Müller Birgit , Tingay Mark
Published: October 2020

Knowledge of the crustal stress state is important for the assessment of subsurface stability. In particular, stress magnitudes are essential for the calibration of geomechanical models that estimate a continuous description of the 3-D stress field from pointwise and incomplete stress data. Well established is the World Stress Map Project, a global and publicly available database for stress orientations, but for stress magnitude data only local data collections are available. Herein, we present the first comprehensive and open-access stress magnitude database for Germany and adjacent regions, consisting of 568 data records. In addition, we introduce a quality ranking scheme for stress magnitude data for the first time.
Future projection of greenhouse gas emissions due to permafrost degradation using a simple numerical scheme with a global land surface model
Authors: Yokohata Tokuta , Saito Kazuyuki , Ito Akihiko , Ohno Hiroshi , Tanaka Katsumasa , Hajima Tomohiro , Iwahana Go
Published: October 2020

The Yedoma layer, a permafrost layer containing a massive amount of underground ice in the Arctic regions, is reported to be rapidly thawing. In this study, we develop the Permafrost Degradation and Greenhouse gasses Emission Model (PDGEM), which describes the thawing of the Arctic permafrost including the Yedoma layer due to climate change and the greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. The PDGEM includes the processes by which high-concentration GHGs (CO2and CH4) contained in the pores of the Yedoma layer are released directly by dynamic degradation, as well as the processes by which GHGs are released by the decomposition of organic matter in the Yedoma layer and other permafrost. Our model simulations show that the total GHG emissions from permafrost degradation in the RCP8.5 scenario was estimated to be 31-63 PgC for CO2and 1261-2821 TgCH4for CH4(68thpercentile of the perturbed model simulations, corresponding to a global average surface air temperature change of 0.05–0.11 °C), and 14-28 PgC for CO2and 618-1341 TgCH4for CH4(0.03–0.07 °C) in the RCP2.6 scenario. GHG emissions resulting from the dynamic degradation of the Yedoma layer were estimated to be less than 1% of the total emissions from the permafrost in both scenarios, possibly because of the small area ratio of the Yedoma layer. An advantage of PDGEM is that geographical distributions of GHG emissions can be estimated by combining a state-of-the-art land surface model featuring detailed physical processes with a GHG release model using a simple scheme, enabling us to consider a broad range of uncertainty regarding model parameters. In regions with large GHG emissions due to permafrost thawing, it may be possible to help reduce GHG emissions by taking measures such as restraining land development.
Lost in translation: barriers and progress in harnessing basic medical science into community practice in Indonesia
Authors: Diptyanusa Ajib , Hasanbasri Mubasysyir
Published: October 2020

Translational research carries over fundamental laboratory research findings into clinical and community settings in order to ‘translate’ the findings into practice. In addition to its potential in accelerating the time of basic discoveries to be delivered into the population, translational studies also provide opportunities for interdisciplinary collaborations in identifying knowledge gaps. However, several issues hindering the advancement of translational research studies have risen in developing countries, such as limited funding, insufficient research evaluation and recognition, absence of government model or consortium, and insufficient communication among researchers and stakeholders. While the original concept of the ‘bench to bedside’ has been known for years, the practice of bilateral flow from bench to bedside, and back to the bench was found lacking. Lack of interactions and involvement of the clinicians, community and resources further deplete translational ability of the research itself. Without understanding the priorities and the environment in which the decision makers work, specific research aims needed by the communities may be failed to be formulated and may result in devaluation of research by formulating similar key questions repetitively. The current commentary aimed to highlight the importance of connecting population health systems, basic demands, and academic institutions, to own the issues, to address the issues, and to translate research findings.
Comparative randomized study of continuous serratus anterior plane block versus continuous paravertebral block in post-mastectomy pain
Authors: Mahran Essam , Adlan Suzan , Alieldeen Nelly
Published: October 2020

Background

Many analgesic methods have been used to control post-mastectomy pain. Both thoracic paravertebral and serratus anterior blocks are recent regional techniques with promising results. The aim of this study was to compare safety and analgesic efficacy of both techniques in controlling post-mastectomy pain.

Methods

The study was conducted from January 1, 2019, till January 10, 2019, on 60 female patients ASA class ≤ 2 undergoing modified radical mastectomy. After induction of balanced general anesthesia patients received either continuous thoracic paravertebral block (group P) or continuous serratus anterior block (group S). Twenty milliliters of levobupivacaine 0.25% were injected in each technique under ultrasound guidance followed by continuous infusion of 5 ml/h levobupivacaine 0.125% through a 22-gage catheter. IV morphine was given postoperatively by patient-controlled analgesia. In both groups, we measured time to first dose morphine, total 24 and 48 h morphine consumption, vital signs, visual analog scale, and side effects of each technique.

Results

The demographic data (age, body mass index, and duration of surgery) were comparable in both groups. The time for first dose of morphine was significantly longer in group P (368 ± 36 min) than group S (270 ± 37.65 min) withPvalue < 0.001. Total morphine consumption in milligram at both 24 and 48 h were significantly less in group P (8.1 ± 0.8, and 11.5 ± 1 respectively) than in group S (10.1 ± 1.3 and 14.2 ± 1.4), with limited side effects in both groups.

Conclusion

Both continuous paravertebral and serratus anterior plane blocks are safe good alternatives to control post-mastectomy pain. However continuous paravertebral block provides better analgesic profile.
Validation and clinical interpretability of PsAID - psoriatic arthritis impact of disease
Authors: da Cruz Ribeiro e Souza Elziane , da Silva Carneiro Sueli Coelho , Yazbek Michel Alexandre , de Cássia Menin Rita , Campanholo Cristiano Barbosa , Carneiro Jamille Nascimento , da Silva Carlos Henrique Martis , Ranza Roberto
Published: October 2020

Background

Psoriatic arthritis (PsA) is a chronic inflammatory disease of widely varying presentation, which determines functional and psychological impairment, with a high negative impact on patients’ quality of life.

Therefore, knowing the patient’s perception of their health status is of fundamental importance for understanding the real impact of PsA. Given this context, the European League Against Rheumatism (EULAR) recently developed the Psoriatic Arthritis Impact of Disease (PsAID) - instrument to specifically assess the impact of PsA for the patient.

Objective

Validate the brazilian portuguese version of PsAID-12 (Psoriatic Arthritis Impact of Disease) and to verify its interpretability in clinical practice, through its relation with measures of psoriatic arthritis activity.

Methods

A multicenter cross-sectional study, which recruited 160 patients, who met the Classification criteria for Psoriatic Arthritis (CASPAR), in six Brazilian centers of rheumatology. Reliability was assessed by Cronbach’s alpha coefficient and by the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC). The construct validity was evaluated by exploratory factorial analysis and also by Spearman correlation with other PROMs and measures of disease activity evaluation.

Results

Of the total number of participants, 50% were female, with a mean age (SD) of 54.0 ± 11.2 years; 68% had only peripheral arthritis and 32% had pure or mixed axial involvement. The majority (67.7%) of the patients were using biological treatment. The reliability of internal consistency (alpha-Cronbach = 0.93) and test-retest (ICC = 0.996) were good. Factor analysis revealed two factors, named physical and psychosocial, which included the skin evaluation item. PsAID-12 correlated significantly with other PROMs, demonstrating good construct validity. PsAID-12 was also significantly associated with the disease activity assessment instruments (DAS28-ESR, ASDAS, and BASDAI) and the MDA status: “Minimum Disease Activity”. Fibromyalgia did not significantly affect the final PsAID-12 score.

Conclusion

The brazilian version of PsAID-12 has been shown to be a reliable and valid measure of the impact of the disease in patients with psoriatic arthritis. Moreover, it associated significantly with the scores of disease activity assessment.
Vino de Tea (pine heartwood wine) from La Palma (Spain): ethnographic and physic-chemical characterization of a unique fermented product
Authors: Alonso González Pablo , Parga-Dans Eva
Published: October 2020

This paper presents the results of a novel study of Vino de Tea (pine heartwood wine) from the island of La Palma (Canary Islands, Spain). The aim is to investigate its differential characteristics and contribute to typifying it within the Denomination of Origin ‘Wines of La Palma’. The analysis is based on a mixed approach combining a qualitative ethnographic approach (22 interviews) and quantitative physic-chemical methods in a sample of 16 wines. The ethnographical study revealed the tradition and techniques of elaboration behind Vino de Tea. In turn, the physic-chemical analysis revealed by chromatography a significant presence of α-terpineol due to elaboration in pine barrels or casks. These samples were compared with a Greek Retsina wine, revealing the differences between these two traditional wines. These data suggest that Vino de Tea is a unique product with distinctive characteristics and potential health benefits, owing to its significant content of α-terpineol resulting from its fermentation in Canary pine casks.
Multiset concepts in two-universe approximation spaces
Authors: Embaby O. A. , Toumi Nadya A.
Published: October 2020

Rough set theory over two universes is a generalization of rough set model to find accurate approximations for uncertain concepts in information systems in which uncertainty arises from existence of interrelations between the three basic sets: objects, attributes, and decisions.

In this work, multisets are approximated in a crisp two-universe approximation space using binary ordinary relation and multi relation. The concept of two universe approximation is applied for defining lower and upper approximations of multisets. Properties of these approximations are investigated, and the deviations between them and corresponding notions are obtained; some counter examples are given. The suggested notions can help in the modification of the decision-making for events in which objects have repetitions such as patients visiting a doctor more than one time; an example for this case is given.
Comparison of functional outcomes between single-radius and multi-radius femoral components in primary total knee arthroplasty: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials
Authors: Kim Jahyung , Min Kyung-Dae , Lee Byung-Ill , Kim Jun-Bum , Kwon Sai-Won , Chun Dong-Il , Kim Yong-Beom , Seo Gi-Won , Lee Jeong Seok , Park Suyeon , Choi Hyung-Suk
Published: October 2020

Purpose

Our purpose in the current meta-analysis was to compare the functional outcomes in patients who have received single-radius (SR) or multi-radius (MR) femoral components in randomized controlled trials (RCTs) for primary total knee arthroplasty (TKA). The hypothesis was that there would be no statistically significant difference between two groups in terms of functional outcomes.

Materials and methods

We searched the international electronic databases PubMed, Embase, and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials up to February 2020 for RCTs that compared functional outcomes of SR and MR femoral component designs after primary TKA. We performed a meta-analysis of nine RCTs using the Knee Society Score for the knee (KSS-knee), KSS-function, Knee Injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS), Oxford Knee Score (OKS), degree of knee flexion, extension, and complications, including postoperative infection and revision surgery.

Results

The meta-analysis revealed no statistically significant differences in all the analyzed variables, including KSS-knee, KSS-function, KOOS, OKS, knee flexion, and knee extension. For postoperative complications, no statistically significant differences were detected for femoral component designs in postoperative infection or incidence of revision surgery between the two groups.

Conclusions

The current meta-analysis of RCTs did not show any statistically significant differences between SR and MR femoral component designs in terms of postoperative functional outcomes. Evaluated outcomes included functional outcome scores, degree of knee flexion, extension, and complications. However, because of the limited clinical evidence of this study owing to the heterogeneity between the included RCTs, a careful approach should be made in order not to arrive at definite conclusions.
Seismic characterization of a blocky mass-transport deposit in the Trealla Limestone Formation, North Carnarvon Basin, Australia
Authors: Ortiz-Sanguino Laura , Tellez Javier , Bedle Heather , Martinez-Sanchez Dilan
Published: October 2020

The deepwater Cenozoic strata in the North Carnarvon Basin, Australia, represent an interval of interest for stratigraphic studies in passive margins settings of mixed siliciclastic-carbonate environments. We have explored the geomorphological characteristics of a mass-transport deposit (MTD) within the Trealla Limestone Formation to describe in detail the differences among the blocks. To characterize the individual geometry and structural configuration of the blocks within the MTD, we used geometric seismic attributes such as coherence, curvature, dip azimuth, and dip magnitude using horizon slices and vertical profiles. The evaluation finds two types of blocks: remnant and glide (or rafted) blocks. Remnant blocks are in situ and stratigraphically continuous fragments with the underlying strata. This type of block is frequently fault-bounded and displays low deformation evidence. Glide blocks are part of the transported material detached from a paleoslope. These blocks are deformed and occasionally appear as “floating” fragments embedded within a chaotic matrix in the MTD. Glide blocks are used as kinematic indicators of the direction of deposition of MTDs. We evaluate these elements in a modern continental analog that resembles a similar setting for a better understanding of the slide occurrence.

Geological feature: Glide blocks, North Carnarvon Basin, Australia Seismic appearance: Discrete angular blocks with internal reflectors Alternative interpretations: Differential dissolution in a mixed siliciclastic-carbonate environment Features with a similar appearance: Carbonate buildups, differential dissolution blocks Formation: Trealla Limestone Formation, North Carnarvon Basin Age: Early-Middle Miocene Location: Offshore Northwest Australia, North Carnarvon Basin Seismic data: Obtained from Western Australian Petroleum and Geothermal Information Management System, Draeck 3D seismic data set Analysis tools: Visualization software (Petrel 2019) and attribute performance software (AASPI 6.0)
Seismic mapping of on-shore sediments at Andøya, Norway, deposited prior to the North Atlantic rifting
Authors: Johansen Tor Arne , Ruud Bent Ole , Henningsen Tormod , Brönner Marco
Published: October 2020

Andøya is an island in the north of Norway. On its eastern side, it contains a local downfaulted basin of Mesozoic sediments sheltered from erosion during subsequent periods of Pleistocene glaciation. The sediments were deposited before the North Atlantic rifting and partly overlie weathered basement. We have recently carried out seismic surveying to better understand the geometry and seismic responses of the basin system. Extensive civil infrastructure and wet mire made the study area challenging for seismic exploration. We shot the survey lines at wet mire with detonating cord during winter when the mire was frozen. In the summer, we conducted seismic surveying along road shoulders with a small-scale vibrator. The seismic processing was particularly challenging due to the influence of traffic noise, heterogeneous near-surface conditions, and large seismic velocity contrasts. We interpreted the seismic lines in integration with other geophysical data and well logs to obtain a consistent and best possible seismic model of the basin. Our interpretation indicates a reorganization of the regional paleostress regime that took place during the continental breakup in the Eocene. In spite of severe obstacles for seismic surveying of the area, our results honor the robustness of the seismic method for subsurface imaging.
Reading Diplomacy across the Archives
Authors: Sokolov Danila
Published: October 2020

This essay undertakes a cross-cultural interpretation of Giles Fletcher the Elder’s diplomatic mission to Muscovy (1588–89). It brings Fletcher’s official report on his embassy to the court of Emperor Fyodor in conversation with its Russian counterpart, in addition to placing these documents in the multifaceted context of early modern Anglo-Russian diplomatic ritual. Although Fletcher’s mission has always attracted the attention of scholars in different disciplines, it has not really been considered in light of diplomatic history. Meanwhile, both the English and Russian records of Fletcher’s embassy are preoccupied with diplomatic ritual, dedicating ample space to the choreography of official meetings, status symbols, gifts, acts of consumption, and corporeal semiotics. This essay examines two instances of breakdown in diplomatic protocol associated with Fletcher’s embassy: the alleged misuse of the emperor’s title by the English diplomat and the rejection of Elizabeth’s gifts by the Russian ruler. Focusing on the discrepancies between the English and Russian accounts of these frictions, the essay argues that the English embassy of 1588–89 was marked by a greater complexity and ambiguity regarding its strategies, tactics, objectives, successes, and failures than is often realized.