bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Enterohepatic Transcription Factor CREB3L3 Protects Atherosclerosis via SREBP Competitive Inhibition
Authors: Nakagawa Yoshimi , Wang Yunong , Han Song-iee , Okuda Kanako , Oishi Asayo , Yagishita Yuka , Kumagai Kae , Ohno Hiroshi , Osaki Yoshinori , Mizunoe Yuhei , Araki Masaya , Murayama Yuki , Iwasaki Hitoshi , Konishi Morichika , Itoh Nobuyuki , Matsuzaka Takashi , Sone Hirohito , Yamada Nobuhiro , Shimano Hitoshi
Published: May 2020

CREB3L3 is a membrane-bound transcription factor to maintain lipid metabolism in the liver and small intestine. CREB3L3 ablation inLdlr-/-mice exacerbated hyperlipidemia with remnant ApoB-containing lipoprotein accumulation, developing enhanced aortic atheroma formation, whose extent was additive between liver- and intestine-specific deletion. Conversely, hepatic nuclear CREB3L3 overexpression markedly suppressed atherosclerosis with amelioration of hyperlipidemia. CREB3L3 directly upregulates anti-atherogenic FGF21 and ApoA4, whereas antagonizes hepatic SREBP-mediated lipogenic and cholesterogenic genes and regulates LXR-regulated genes involved in intestinal transport of cholesterol. CREB3L3 deficiency accumulates nuclear SREBP proteins. Because both transcriptional factors share the cleavage system for nuclear transactivation, full-length CREB3L3 and SREBPs on endoplasmic reticulum (ER) functionally inhibit each other. CREB3L3 competitively antagonizes SREBPs for ER-Golgi transport, resulting in ER retention and proteolytic activation inhibition at Golgi, and vice versa. Collectively, due to this new mechanistic interaction between CREB3L3 and SREBPs under atherogenic conditions, CREB3L3 has multi-potent protective effects against atherosclerosis.
The integrin-mediated adhesome complex, essential to multicellularity, is present in the most recent common ancestor of animals, fungi, and amoebae
Authors: Kang Seungho , Tice Alexander K. , Stairs Courtney W. , Lahr Daniel J. G. , Jones Robert E. , Brown Matthew W.
Published: May 2020

Integrins are transmembrane receptor proteins that activate signal transduction pathways upon extracellular matrix binding. The Integrin Mediated Adhesion Complex (IMAC), mediates various cell physiological process. The IMAC was thought to be an animal specific machinery until over the last decade these complexes were discovered in Obazoa, the group containing animals, fungi, and several microbial eukaryote lineages. Amoebozoa is the eukaryotic supergroup sister to Obazoa. Even though Amoebozoa represents the closest outgroup to Obazoa, little genomic-level data and attention to gene inventories has been given to the supergroup. To examine the evolutionary history of the IMAC, we examine gene inventories of deeply sampled set of 100+ Amoebozoa taxa, including new data from several taxa. From these robust data sampled from the entire breadth of known amoebozoan clades, we show the presence of an ancestral complex of integrin adhesion proteins that predate the evolution of the Amoebozoa. Our results highlight that many of these proteins appear to have evolved earlier in eukaryote evolution than previously thought. Co-option of an ancient protein complex was key to the emergence of animal type multicellularity. The role of the IMAC in a unicellular context is unknown but must also play a critical role for at least some unicellular organisms.
Conserved +1 translational frameshifting in theS. cerevisiaegene encoding YPL034W
Authors: Ivanov Ivaylo P. , Gaikwad Swati , Hinnebusch Alan G. , Dever Thomas E
Published: May 2020

Living cells have developed exquisite mechanisms to ensure accurate translation of mRNA. Many of them are dedicated to preventing the change in reading frame during translation elongation. A minority of chromosomally encoded genes have evolved sequences that subvert standard decoding to program +1 translational frameshifting, either constitutively or in response to external stimuli. In the yeastSaccharomyces cerevisiae, three chromosomal genes are known to employ programmed +1 translational frameshifting for expression of full-length functional products. Here we identify a fourth yeast gene,YFS1, encompassing the existing predicted open reading frameYPL034W, with conserved programmed +1 frameshifting. Like the previously known examples, it appears to exploit peculiarities in tRNA abundance inS. cerevisiae.
Possible Anti-viral effects of Neem (Azadirachta indica) on Dengue virus
Authors: Rao Vikas B , Yeturu Kalidas
Published: May 2020

Dengue virus (DENV) has become a major health threat worldwide accounting for 50-100 million infections every year and keeping 2.5 billion people at a risk of the infection. Seriousness of the viral infection can be attributed to its lethality when not treated in time and potential to cause health complications post infection. Currently there are only preventive strategies and development of vaccination is still in its infancy of research. It is therefore highly necessary to discover newer drugs and therapies for this deadly virus. In this paper we report important insights we have obtained through a computational analysis of small molecules of Neem (Azadirachta indica) against dengue viral proteins and its required proteins in human. Our study involves identification of the effect of specific small molecules of Neem on proteins of human and virus corresponding to different pathways using simulated molecular binding analyses. We report here Gedunin and Pongamol contained in naturally occurring Neem as potential drugs against the Dengue virus.

Significance Statement

We report important ligands in Neem that have potential antiviral activity against Dengue. Our selection of Neem for testing for antiviral properties has been inspired from Ayurveda. Due to unhygienic living conditions that facilitate mosquito breeding, Dengue is a major threat in developing countries causing millions of deaths. Despite the severity of the infection, no specific antiviral drug is available. The results obtained, in terms of newer potential ligands against Dengue are significant as this provides a basis for experimentally verifying and extending the same to develop a cure.We hope that this study would would spur scientific curiosity and undertaking of further elaborate experimental studies.
Susceptibility of tree shrew to SARS-CoV-2 infection
Authors: Zhao Yuan , Wang Junbin , Kuang Dexuan , Xu Jingwen , Yang Mengli , Ma Chunxia , Zhao Siwen , Li Jingmei , Long Haiting , Ding Kaiyun , Gao Jiahong , Liu Jiansheng , Wang Haixuan , Li Haiyan , Yang Yun , Yu Wenhai , Yang Jing , Zheng Yinqiu , Wu Daoju , Lu Shuaiyao , Liu Hongqi , Peng Xiaozhong
Published: May 2020

Since SARS-CoV-2 became a pandemic event in the world, it has not only caused huge economic losses, but also a serious threat to global public health. Many scientific questions about SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19 were raised and urgently need to be answered, including the susceptibility of animals to SARS-CoV-2 infection. Here we tested whether tree shrew, an emerging experimental animal domesticated from wild animal, is susceptible to SARS-CoV-2 infection. No clinical signs were observed in SARS-CoV-2 inoculated tree shrews during this experiment except the increasing body temperature (above 39° C) particular in female animals during infection. Low levels of virus shedding and replication in tissues occurred in all three age groups, each of which showed his own characteristics. Histopathological examine revealed that pulmonary abnormalities were mild but the main changes although slight lesions were also observed in other tissues. In summary, tree shrew is not susceptible to SARS-CoV-2 infection and may not be a suitable animal for COVID-19 related researches.
Cell-type specificin vitrogene expression profiling of stem-cell derived neural models
Authors: Gregory James A. , Hoelzli Emily , Abdelaal Rawan , Braine Catherine , Cuevas Miguel , Halpern Madeline , Barretto Natalie , Schrode Nadine , Akbalik Güney , Kang Kristy , Cheng Esther , Bowles Kathryn , Lotz Steven , Goderie Susan , Karch Celeste M. , Temple Sally , Goate Alison , Brennand Kristen J. , Phatnani Hemali
Published: May 2020

Genetic and genomic studies of brain disease increasingly demonstrate disease-associated interactions between the cell types of the brain. Increasingly complex and more physiologically relevant human induced pluripotent stem cell (hiPSC)-based models better explore the molecular mechanisms underlying disease, but also challenge our ability to resolve cell-type specific perturbations. Here we report an extension of the RiboTag system, first developed to achieve cell-type restricted expression of epitope-tagged ribosomal protein (RPL22) in mouse tissue, to a variety ofin vitroapplications, including immortalized cell lines, primary mouse astrocytes, and hiPSC-derived neurons. RiboTag expression enables efficient depletion of off-target RNA in mixed species primary co-cultures and in hiPSC-derived neural progenitor cells, motor neurons, and GABAergic neurons. Nonetheless, depletion efficiency varies across independent experimental replicates. The challenges and potential of implementing RiboTags in complexin vitrocultures are discussed.
SARM1 depletion rescues NMNAT1 dependent photoreceptor cell death and retinal degeneration
Authors: Sasaki Yo , Kakita Hiroki , Kubota Shunsuke , Sene Abdoulaye , Lee Tae Jun , Ban Norimitsu , Dong Zhenyu , Lin Joseph B. , Boye Sanford L. , DiAntonio Aaron , Boye Shannon E. , Apte Rajendra S. , Milbrandt Jeffrey
Published: May 2020

Leber congenital amaurosis type 9 is an autosomal recessive retinopathy caused by mutations of the NAD+synthesis enzyme NMNAT1. Despite the ubiquitous expression of NMNAT1, patients do not manifest pathologies other than retinal degeneration. Here we demonstrate that widespread NMNAT1 depletion in adult mice mirrors the human pathology, with selective loss of photoreceptors highlighting the exquisite vulnerability of these cells to NMNAT1 loss. Conditional deletion demonstrates that NMNAT1 is required within the photoreceptor. Mechanistically, loss of NMNAT1 activates the NADase SARM1, the central executioner of axon degeneration, to trigger photoreceptor death and vision loss. Hence, the essential function of NMNAT1 in photoreceptors is to inhibit SARM1, highlighting an unexpected shared mechanism between axonal degeneration and photoreceptor neurodegeneration. These results define a novel SARM1-dependent photoreceptor cell death pathway and identifies SARM1 as a therapeutic candidate for retinopathies.
Polyamine-controlled proliferation and protein biosynthesis are independent determinants of hair follicle stem cell fate
Authors: Allmeroth Kira , Kim Christine S. , Annibal Andrea , Pouikli Andromachi , Chacón-Martínez Carlos Andrés , Latza Christian , Antebi Adam , Tessarz Peter , Wickström Sara A. , Denzel Martin S.
Published: May 2020

Stem cell differentiation is accompanied by an increase in mRNA translation. The rate of protein biosynthesis is influenced by the polyamines putrescine, spermidine, and spermine that are essential for cell growth and stem cell maintenance. However, the role of polyamines as endogenous effectors of stem cell fate and whether they act through translational control remains obscure. Here, we investigated the function of polyamines in stem cell fate decisions using hair follicle stem cell (HFSC) organoids. HFSCs showed lower translation rates than progenitor cells, and a forced suppression of translation by direct targeting of the ribosome or through specific depletion of natural polyamines elevated stemness. In addition, we identified N1-acetylspermidine as a novel parallel regulator of cell fate decisions, increasing proliferation without reducing translation. Overall, this study delineates the diverse routes of polyamine metabolism-mediated regulation of stem cell fate decisions.

Key Points

Low mRNA translation rates characterize hair follicle stem cell (HFSC) state

Depletion of natural polyamines enriches HFSCs via reduced translation

N1-acetylspermidine promotes HFSC state without reducing translation

N1-acetylspermidine expands the stem cell pool through elevated proliferation
Experimental study of tissue-engineered urethra with collagen / chitosan composite as scaffolds
Authors: Hongfeng Zhai , Changhong Qiu , Jun Jin , Xin Shao
Published: May 2020

In this article we investigated the preparation of tissue-engineered urethra by using the urethral epithelial subculture cells of male New Zealand young rabbits. We inoculated the epithelial cells of urinary mucosa of male New Zealand young rabbits on collagen, chitosan and collagen chitosan composite as scaffolds to prepare tissue-engineered urethra. The results of inverted phase contrast microscope, HE staining and scanning electron microscope of three kinds of tissue-engineered urethra were compared. What’s more, we reported a new method for quantitative and rapid detection of epithelial cell activity of urinary mucosa in situ by Interactive Laser Cytometer. The collagen chitosan composite was more similar to the extracellular matrix of mammalian. Its three-dimensional porous structure had a high area volume ratio, which was conducive to cell adhesion, growth and metabolism. In vitro, the urethral epithelial cells had been cultured on collagen chitosan composite, and the tissue-engineered urethra was successfully prepared, which laid a solid foundation for further in vivo experiments.
Characterizing the body morphology of the first metacarpal in the Homininae using 3D geometric morphometrics
Authors: Morley Jonathan , Bucchi Ana , Lorenzo Carlos , Püschel Thomas A.
Published: May 2020

Objectives

The morphological characteristics of the thumb are of particular interest due to its fundamental role in enhanced manipulation. Despite its possible importance regarding this issue, the body of the first metacarcapal (MC1) has not been fully characterized using morphometrics. This could provide further insights into its anatomy, as well as its relationship with manipulative capabilities. Hence, this study quantifies the shape of the MC1’s body in the extant Homininae and some fossil hominins to provide a better characterization of its morphology.

Materials and methods

The sample includes MC1s of modern humans (n=42), gorillas (n=27) and chimpanzees (n=30), as well asHomo neanderthalensis, Homo nalediandAustralopithecus sediba. 3D geometric morphometrics were used to quantify the shape of MC1’s body.

Results

The results show a clear distinction among the three extant genera.H. neanderthalensismostly falls within the modern human range of variation.H. naledivaries slightly from modern humans, although also showing some unique trait combination, whereasA. sedibavaries to an even greater extent. When classified using a discriminant analysis, the three fossils are categorized within theHomogroup. Conclusion: The modern human MC1 is characterized by a distinct suite of traits, not present to the same extent in the great apes, that are consistent with an ability to use forceful precision grip. This morphology was also found to align very closely with that ofH. neanderthalensis. H. naledishows a number of human-like adaptations, whilstA. sedibapresents a mix of both derived and more primitive traits.
Salt transport by the gill Na+-K+-2Cl-symporter in palaemonid shrimps: exploring physiological, molecular and evolutionary landscapes
Authors: Maraschi Anieli Cristina , Faria Samuel Coelho , McNamara John Campbell
Published: May 2020

Palaemonid shrimps include species from distinct osmotic niches that hyper-regulate hemolymph osmolality and ionic concentrations in dilute media but hypo-regulate in saline media. Their gill epithelia express ion transporters like the Na+-K+-2Cl-symporter (NKCC) thought to play a role in salt secretion. Using a palaemonid series from niches including marine tide pools through estuaries (Palaemon) to coastal and continental fresh waters (Macrobrachium), we established their critical upper salinity limits (UL50) and examined their short-(24 h) and long-term (120 h) hypo-regulatory abilities at salinities corresponding to 80% of the UL50’s (80%UL50). We tested for phylogenetic correlations between gill NKCC gene and protein expression and hemolymph Cl-hypo-regulatory capability, and evaluated whether niche salinity might have driven gill NKCC expression. ThePalaemonspecies from saline habitats showed the highest UL50’s and greatest hypo-regulatory capabilities compared to theMacrobrachiumspecies among which UL50’s were higher in the diadromous than in the hololimnetic species. While basal gill NKCC mRNA transcription rates differed among species, expressions were unaffected by exposure time or salinity, suggesting post-transcriptional regulation of protein synthesis. Unexpectedly, hemolymph Cl-hyper-regulatory capability correlated with gill NKCC gene expression, while gill NKCC protein synthesis was associated withhyper-regulation of hemolymph osmolality at the 80%UL50’s of almost allMacrobrachiumspecies, suggesting a role for the gill NKCC symporter in salt uptake. The evolutionary history of osmoregulation in these palaemonid shrimps suggests that, while some molecular and systemic mechanisms have accompanied cladogenetic events during radiation into different osmotic niches, others may be driven by salinity.
Australian rodents reveal conserved Cranial Evolutionary Allometry across 10 million years of murid evolution
Authors: Marcy Ariel E. , Guillerme Thomas , Sherratt Emma , Rowe Kevin C. , Phillips Matthew J. , Weisbecker Vera
Published: May 2020

Among vertebrates, placental mammals are particularly variable in the covariance between their cranial shapes and body size (allometry), with the notable exception of rodents. Australian murid rodents present an opportunity to assess the cause of this anomaly because they radiated on an ecologically diverse continent unique for lacking other terrestrial placentals. Here we used 3D geometric morphometrics to quantify species-level and evolutionary allometries in 38 species (317 crania) from all Australian murid genera. We ask if ecological opportunity resulted in greater allometric diversity; conversely, we test if intrinsic constraints and/or stabilizing selection conserved allometry. To increase confidence in species-level allometric slopes, we introduce a new phylogeny-based method of bootstrapping and randomly resampling across the whole sample. We found exceedingly conserved allometry across the 10 million year split betweenMusand the clade containing Australian murids. Cranial shapes followed craniofacial evolutionary allometry (CREA) patterns, with larger species having relatively longer snouts and smaller braincases. CREA is consistent with both intrinsic constraints and stabilizing selection hypotheses for conserved allometry. However, large-bodied frugivores evolved faster, while carnivorous specialists showed skull modifications known to conflict with masticatory efficiency. These results suggest a strong role of stabilizing selection on the masticatory apparatus of murid rodents.
Sex estimation in cranial remains: A comparison of machine learning and discriminant analysis in Italian populations
Authors: Pozzi A , Raffone C , Belcastro MG , Camilleri-Carter TL
Published: May 2020

Objectives

Using cranial measurements in two Italian populations, we compare machine learning methods to the more traditional method of linear discriminant analysis in estimating sex. We use crania in sex estimation because it is useful especially when remains are fragmented or displaced, and the cranium may be the only remains found.

Materials and Methods

Using the machine learning methods of decision tree learning, support-vector machines, k-nearest neighbor algorithm, and ensemble methods we estimate the sex of two populations: Samples from Bologna and samples from the island of Sardinia. We used two datasets, one containing 17 cranial measurements, and one measuring the foramen magnum.

Results and Discussion

Our results indicate that machine learning models produce similar results to linear discriminant analysis, but in some cases machine learning produces more consistent accuracy between the sexes. Our study shows that sex can be accurately predicted (> 80%) in Italian populations using the cranial measurements we gathered, except for the foramen magnum, which shows a level of accuracy of ∼70% accurate which is on par with previous geometric morphometrics studies using crania in sex estimation. We also find that our trained machine learning models produce population-specific results; we see that Italian crania are sexually dimorphic, but the features that are important to this dimorphism differ between the populations.
The RNA Polymerase II core subunit RPB-9 directs transcriptional elongation at piRNA loci inCaenorhabditis elegans
Authors: Berkyurek Ahmet C. , Furlan Giulia , Lampersberger Lisa , Beltran Toni , Weick Eva-Maria , Nischwitz Emily , Navarro Isabela Cunha , Braukmann Fabian , Akay Alper , Price Jonathan , Butter Falk , Sarkies Peter , Miska Eric A.
Published: May 2020

PIWI-interacting RNAs (piRNAs) are genome-encoded small RNAs that regulate germ cell development and maintain germline integrity in many animals. Mature piRNAs engage Piwi Argonaute proteins to silence complementary transcripts, including transposable elements and endogenous genes. piRNA biogenesis mechanisms are diverse and remain poorly understood. Here, we identify the RNA Polymerase II (RNA Pol II) core subunit RPB-9 as required for piRNA-mediated silencing in the nematodeCaenorhabditis elegans. rpb-9mutants fail to initiate heritable piRNA-mediated gene silencing. Furthermore, we show that RPB-9 is required to repress two DNA transposon families and a subset of somatic genes in theC. elegansgermline. We provide genetic and biochemical evidence that RPB-9 is required for piRNA biogenesis. We demonstrate that RPB-9 acts to promote transcriptional elongation/termination at endogenous piRNA loci. We conclude that as a part of its rapid evolution the piRNA pathway has co-opted another ancient machinery, this time for high-fidelity transcription.
Evidences of histologic Thrombotic Microangiopathy and the impact in renal outcomes of patients with IgA nephropathy
Authors: Neves Precil D , Souza Rafael A , Torres Fábio M , Reis Fábio A , Pinheiro Rafaela B , Dias Cristiane B , Yu Luis , Woronik Viktoria , Furukawa Luzia S , Cavalcante Lívia B , Malheiros Denise M , Jorge Lectícia B
Published: May 2020

Introduction

IgA nephropathy (IgAN) is the most common primary glomerulopathy worldwide. According to the Oxford Classification, changes in the kidney vascular compartment are not related with worse outcomes. This paper aims to assess the impact of thrombotic microangiopathy (TMA) in the outcomes of Brazilian patients with IgAN.

Materials and Methods

Analysis of clinical data and kidney biopsy findings from patients with IgAN to assess the impact of TMA on renal outcomes.

Results

The majority of the 118 patients included were females (54.3%); mean age of 33 years (25;43); hypertension and hematuria were observed in 67.8% and 89.8%, respectively. Median creatinine: 1.45mg/dL; eGFR: 48.8ml/min/1.73m2; 24-hour proteinuria: 2.01g; low serum C3: 12.5%. Regarding to Oxford Classification: M1: 76.3%; E1: 35.6%; S1: 70.3%; T1/T2: 38.3%; C1/C2: 28.8%. Average follow-up: 65 months. Histologic evidence of TMA were detected in 21 (17.8%) patients and those ones presented more frequently hypertension (100%vs.61%,p<0.0001), hematuria (100%vs87.6%,p=0.0001), worse creatinine levels (3.8vs. 1.38 mg/dL,p=0.0001), eGFR (18vs.60 ml/min/1.73m2),p=0.0001), low serum C3 (28.5%vs. 10.4%,p=0.003), lower hemoglobin levels (10.6vs.12.7g/dL,p<0.001) and platelet counts (207,000vs. 267,000, p=0.001). Biopsy findings of individuals with TMA revealed only greater proportions of E1 (68%vs.32%,p= 0.002). Individuals with TMA were followed for less time (7vs. 65 months, p<0.0001) since they progressed more frequently to chronic kidney disease (CKD) requiring renal replacement therapy (RRT) (71.4%vs. 21,6%, p<0.0001). Male sex, T1/T2, and TMA were independently associated with progression to CKD-RRT.

Conclusions

In this study patients with TMA had worse clinical manifestations and outcomes. In terms of histologic evidence, E1 distinguished patients with TMA from other patients. These findings indicate that vascular compartment may also be a prognostic marker in IgAN patients.
Genomics Methods for Xenopus Embryos and Tissues
Authors: Gilchrist Michael J. , Cho Ken W.Y. , Veenstra Gert Jan C.
Published: May 2020

High-throughput sequencing methods have created exciting opportunities to explore the regulatory landscape of the entire genome. Here we introduce methods to characterize the genomic locations of bound proteins, open chromatin, and sites of DNA–DNA contact in Xenopus embryos. These methods include chromatin immunoprecipitation followed by sequencing (ChIP-seq), a combination of DNase I digestion and sequencing (DNase-seq), the assay for transposase-accessible chromatin and sequencing (ATAC-seq), and the use of proximity-based DNA ligation followed by sequencing (Hi-C).
E. coli DNA Polymerase I and the Klenow Fragment
Authors: Green Michael R. , Sambrook Joseph
Published: May 2020

Escherichia coli DNA Pol I can carry out three enzymatic reactions: It possesses 5′ → 3′ DNA polymerase activity and 3′ → 5′ and 5′ → 3′ exonuclease activity. Pol I can be cleaved by mild treatment with subtilisin into two fragments; the larger fragment is known as the Klenow fragment. The Klenow fragment retains the polymerizing activity and the 3′ → 5′ exonuclease of the holo-enzyme but lacks its powerful 5′ → 3′ exonuclease activity. These enzymes and their applications in molecular cloning are introduced here.
Obtaining the best results: aspects of data collection, model finalization and interpretation of results in small-molecule crystal-structure determination
Authors: Linden Anthony
Published: May 2020

In small-molecule single-crystal structure determination, we now have at our disposal an inspiring range of fantastic diffractometers with better, brighter sources, and faster, more sensitive detectors. Faster and more powerful computers provide integrated tools and software with impressive graphical user interfaces. Yet these tools can lead to the temptation not to check the work thoroughly and one can too easily overlook tell-tale signs that something might be amiss in a structure determination; validation with checkCIF is not always revealing. This article aims to encourage practitioners, young and seasoned, by enhancing their structure-determination toolboxes with a selection of tips and tricks on recognizing and handling aspects that one should constantly be aware of. Topics include a pitfall when setting up data collections, the usefulness of reciprocal lattice layer images, processing twinned data, tips for disorder modelling and the use of restraints, ensuring hydrogen atoms are added to a model correctly, validation beyond checkCIF, and the derivation and interpretation of the final results.
The missing crystal structure in the series of N,N′,N′′-tris(pyridinyl)benzene-1,3,5-tricarboxamides: the 2-pyridinyl derivative
Authors: Senior Levi , Linden Anthony
Published: May 2020

In the first reported crystal structure involving the potential ligand N,N′,N′′-tris(pyridin-2-yl)benzene-1,3,5-tricarboxamide, C24H18N6O3, intermolecular N—H...O hydrogen bonds link the molecules via their amide groups into slanted ladder-like chains, in which the uprights of the ladder are formed by the hydrogen-bonding interactions and the benzene ring cores of the molecules act as the rungs of the ladder. Only two of the three amide groups in the molecule are involved in hydrogen bonding and this influences the degree of out-of-plane twisting at each amide group, with the twist being more significant for those amide groups participating in hydrogen bonds.
Crystal structure and Hirshfeld surface analysis of 4,4′-(propane-1,3-diyl)bis(4H-1,2,4-triazol-1-ium) pentafluoridooxidovanadate(V)
Authors: Senchyk Ganna A. , Lysenko Andrey B. , Krautscheid Harald , Domasevitch Kostiantyn V.
Published: May 2020

In the structure of the title salt, (C7H12N6)[VOF5], second-order Jahn–Teller distortion of the coordination octahedra around V ions is reflected by coexistence of short V—O bonds [1.5767 (12) Å] and trans-positioned long V—F bonds [2.0981 (9) Å], with four equatorial V—F distances being intermediate in magnitude [1.7977 (9)–1.8913 (9) Å]. Hydrogen bonding of the anions is restricted to F-atom acceptors only, with particularly strong N–H...F interactions [N...F = 2.5072 (15) Å] established by axial and cis-positioned equatorial F atoms. Hirshfeld surface analysis indicates that the most important interactions are overwhelmingly H...F/F...H, accounting for 74.4 and 36.8% of the contacts for the individual anions and cations, respectively. Weak CH...F and CH...N bonds are essential for generation of three-dimensional structure.
Does earnings surprise determine the timing of the earnings announcement? Evidence from earnings announcements of Indian companies
Authors: Prasad Krishna , Prabhu Nandan
Published: May 2020

Purpose

The purpose of this study is to investigate whether the earnings surprise influences decision to make earnings announcements during or after the trading hours is influenced by the earnings surprise resulting from the difference between consensus earnings estimates and the actual reported earnings.

Design/methodology/approach

Event study methodology was employed to test the hypotheses relating to earnings surprise and timing of earnings announcements. Twelve quarterly earnings announcements of 30 companies, drawn from BSE SENSEX of India, were studied to test the hypothesized relationships.

Findings

The study has found statistically significant differences in the market responses to the earnings announcements made during and after the trading hours. The market demonstrated a negative response to the earnings announcements made after the trading hours. Further, the results of the logistic regression have shown that the presence of significant earnings surprises is likely to induce firms to make earnings announcements after the trading hours. The results indicate that those firms that intend to reduce the overreaction and underreaction to earnings surprises are likely to make earnings announcements after the trading hours.

Originality/value

This paper highlights the market response to the earnings announcement made during and after the regular trading hour. Further, the paper examines if the earnings surprise influences the decision to announce the results.
Author-related factors predicting citation counts of conference papers: focusing on computer and information science
Authors: Lee Danielle
Published: May 2020

Purpose

This paper aims to assess the predictive power of authorship properties determined at the time of publishing conference papers on future citations of conference papers in computer and information science.

Design/methodology/approach

This study examined 21 factors – related to all authors and to the first author – as potentially predictive of citation counts. Specifically, the study assessed properties of author's academic performance, degree of collaboration and topological properties of their research collaboration networks.

Findings

The results of comparing all authors with first authors indicate that the all author-related factors have a significantly higher power for explaining conference paper citation counts than the first author-related factors. Moreover, among the all author-related factors, the degree centrality before the target paper made the largest contribution.

Originality/value

This is one of the first attempts to focus on the relationship of author characteristics to conference papers. This is also one of only a few studies to expand prior research, which limited its bibliometric foci to journal articles, to conference papers.
Testing the efficacy of a brief-caries risk assessment form to evaluate the dental health status among preschool children, Bangkok, Thailand
Authors: Saengtipbovorn Saruta
Published: May 2020

Purpose

The study aims to test the efficacy of brief-caries risk assessment form with standard caries risk assessment form and to evaluate the application of caries risk assessment following American Academy of Pediatric Dentistry (AAPD) between brief and standard caries risk assessment on dental health status among preschool children.

Design/methodology/approach

Brief-caries risk assessment form was developed. Then, experimental study was conducted in public health center 54 among 70 patients (35 test and 35 control) from January to July 2019. Test group used brief-caries assessment form, and control group used standard form. Both groups received the same caries risk assessment criteria and management protocol from AAPD. At baseline, 3-month and 6-month follow-up, caries risk and dental health status (plaque index, cavitated caries lesion and non-cavitated caries lesion) were assessed. Data were analyzed by descriptive statistic,t-test, chi-square test, Fisher's exact test and repeated measures ANOVA.

Findings

Percentage of high caries risk decreased from baseline (93.9%: test and 96.9%: control) to 6-month follow-up (66.7%: test and 65.6%: control) in both groups, with no statistically significant differences between groups. Plaque index, cavitated caries lesion and non-cavitated caries lesion were not statistically significant differences between groups. Brief-caries assessment decreased times/visit from 10-15 minutes to 5 minutes.

Originality/value

Brief-caries assessment form decreased caries risk and prevented dental caries as the standard form. Using brief-caries assessment form could save time, is cost-effective and is appropriate for use in public health centers. However, a short follow-up time might have insufficient power to detect the differences between groups.
The impact of product variety on fill rate, inventory and sales performance in the consumer goods industry
Authors: Santos Victor , Sampaio Mauro , Alliprandini Dario Henrique
Published: May 2020

Purpose

The impact of product variety decisions on fill rate, inventory and sales performance in a consumer goods company has been examined. From a marketing perspective, it is possible to leverage sales, reach new segments and consequently increase competitiveness when there is a greater product variety on the market. However, operations and logistics professionals indicate potential impacts on the supply chain, such as production, storage and distribution complexity. The nature of the product variety-cost-sales performance relationship is not clear, and empirical evidence about whether and how operations cost and sales performance increases with variety is inconclusive.

Design/methodology/approach

The multiple linear regression and the Tobit regression techniques were applied over a seven-year horizon of data from a business intelligence platform of a consumer goods company.

Findings

Our results show that sales performance is negatively associated with product variety. The total effect of product variety on sales performance has been examined, including both the direct effect and the indirect effect through inventory and fill rate. Therefore, the findings provide a comprehensive understanding of the impact of product variety on operations and sales performance.

Originality/value

Several studies have researched the impact of product variety on fill rate, inventory and sales performance separately; however, the research of the impact and the relationship of these factors is scarce and limited.
The initial impacts of Minimum Energy Efficiency Standards (MEES) in England
Authors: Sayce Sarah Louise , Hossain Syeda Marjia
Published: May 2020

Purpose

The paper investigates the initial impacts on asset management and valuation practice of the Minimum Energy Efficiency Standard (MEES) introduced in England and Wales from April 2018 for new lettings.

Design/methodology/approach

The paper reports findings from a small-scale pilot study of valuers, asset managers, lawyers and building consultants. Interviews were conducted over the summer of 2019 and explored the impact on practice and market values and perceived links to the carbon reduction agenda. Data were analysed thematically manually and using NVivo software.

Findings

Participants welcomed MEES but many had doubts about the use of energy performance certificates (EPCs) as the appropriate baseline measure. Compliance was perceived as too easy; further, enforcement is not occurring. Vanguard investors have aligned portfolios for carbon reduction; others have not. Lease practices are changing with landlords seeking greater control over tenant behaviours. Valuers reported that whilst MEES consideration is embedded in due diligence processes, there is limited value impact.

Research limitations/implications

The study is limited by its small-scale and that the MEES regulations are not yet fully implemented. However, the research provides early findings and lays out recommendations for future research by identifying areas in which the regulations are/are not proving effective to date.

Practical implications

The findings will inform investors, consultants and policy makers.

Social implications

Achieving energy efficiency in buildings is critical to driving down carbon emission; it also has economic and social benefits through cost savings and reducing fuel poverty.

Originality/value

Believed to be the first post-implementation qualitative study of MEES.
Benefit segmentation of a summer destination in Uruguay: a clustering and classification approach
Authors: Perera Gonzalo , Sprechmann Martin , Bourel Mathias
Published: May 2020

Purpose

This study aims to perform a benefit segmentation and then a classification of visitors that travel to the Rocha Department in Uruguay from the capital city of Montevideo during the summer months.

Design/methodology/approach

A convenience sample was obtained with an online survey. A total of 290 cases were usable for subsequent data analysis. The following statistical techniques were used: hierarchical cluster analysis, K-means cluster analysis, machine learning, support vector machines, random forest and logistic regression.

Findings

Visitors that travel to the Rocha Department from Montevideo can be classified into four distinct clusters. Clusters are labelled as “entertainment seekers”, “Rocha followers”, “relax and activities seekers” and “active tourists”. The support vector machine model achieved the best classification results.

Research limitations/implications

Implications for destination marketers who cater to young visitors are discussed. Destination marketers should determine an optimal level of resource allocation and destination management activities that compare both present costs and discounted potential future income of the different target markets. Surveying non-residents was not possible. Future work should sample tourists from abroad.

Originality/value

The combination of market segmentation of Rocha Department’s visitors from the city of Montevideo and classification of sampled individuals training various machine learning classifiers would allow Rocha’s destination marketers determine the belonging of an unsampled individual into one of the already obtained four clusters, enhancing marketing promotion for targeted offers.
Asymmetric relationship of investor sentiment with stock return and volatility: evidence from India
Authors: Chakraborty Madhumita , Subramaniam Sowmya
Published: May 2020

Purpose

The study examines the cross-sectional and asymmetric relationship of investor sentiment with the stock returns and volatility in India.

Design/methodology/approach

The investor sentiment is captured using a market-based measure Market Mood Index (MMI) and a survey-based measure Consumer Sentiment Index (CSI). The asymmetric effect of the relationship is examined using quantile causality approach and cross-sectional effect is examined by considering indices such as the BSE Sensex, and the various size indices such as BSE Large cap, BSE Mid cap and BSE Small cap.

Findings

The result of the study found that investor sentiment (MMI) cause stock returns at extreme quantiles. Lower sentiment induces fear-induced selling, thereby lowers the returns and high sentiment is followed by lower future returns as market reverts to fundamentals. On the other hand, bullish shifts in sentiment lower the volatility. There exists a positive feedback effect of stock return and volatility in the formation of investor sentiment.

Originality/value

The study captures both asymmetric and cross-sectional relationship of investor sentiment and stock market in an emerging economy, India. The study uses a novel data set (i.e.) MMI which captures the sentiment based on market indicators and are widely disseminated to the public.
Exploring CSR’s influence on employees’ attitudes and behaviours in higher education
Authors: Mascarenhas Carla , Mendes Luis , Marques Carla , Galvão Anderson
Published: May 2020

Purpose

Despite the recognised importance of corporate social responsibility (CSR) in higher education institutions (HEIs), research concerning CSR’s influence on employees’ attitudes and behaviours is still understudied. Grounded in the theory of social identity, this study aims to explore CSR’s impact on employees’ work engagement, job satisfaction and organisational identification in an HEI context.

Design/methodology/approach

Data were collected in a northern Portugal public HEI through a self-administered questionnaire distributed to both teaching and supporting staff. A structural equation modelling (SEM) approach was applied to data collected from 171 employees, using the partial least squares-SEM approach.

Findings

Overall, the findings show that CSR is strongly associated with work engagement, job satisfaction, identification with the organisation and perceived organisational support, confirming the hypothesised influence of HEI’s CSR development efforts on study-related attitudes.

Practical implications

Findings reinforce the need for HEIs to integrate CSR and human resource strategies and to pay special attention to CSR communication strategies.

Social implications

Findings reinforce the need for HEI to develop adequate CSR strategies because these have a significant influence on employees’ satisfaction at work, and thus on employees’ well-being in general.

Originality/value

This study contributes to attenuate the lack of literature on CSR’s impacts on employee behaviours.
Testing social and environmental disclosure-reputation relationship: a longitudinal two-way analysis
Authors: Castilla-Polo Francisca , Sánchez-Hernández M. Isabel
Published: May 2020

Purpose

This paper aims to review sustainability reporting understood as any type of social and environmental disclosures (SED) in its relationship with corporate reputation within the most reputed companies in Spain according to MERCO business monitor ranking (2014-2016).

Design/methodology/approach

To shed light on the relationship reputation-SED, two alternative models were tested, thought the use of structural equation model (SEM) and partial least squares (PLS), with longitudinal data.

Findings

Both models supported the hypotheses although the model linking reputation to SED was slightly better, questioning the use of SED by reputation leader companies.

Research limitations/implications

The paper study the linkage, sign and causality, between reputation and SED by introducing two alternative models. SED and reputation are receiving considerable attention into the business scope, although their relationship is not agreed by previous literature. There are contradictory evidences that lead us to question the sense of this relation.

Practical implications

The contribution will be of interest to managers in terms of the value of this type of reporting from a strategic point of view. If reputation favours this type of disclosures, these will be issues to be taken into account to obtain a better competitive advantage through market differentiation.

Social implications

The results will be of interest for future studies and actions aimed at regulating the improvement of this type of reporting not only in the hands of academics and practitioners but also investors and regulators.

Originality/value

This study is an advance in the description of the SED-reputation relationship and contributes to this new line of research with new insights. Another contribution is the way to understand sustainability reporting. This paper analyses SED from the twofold point of view of the quantity of information and, the existing references about its quality and adding the lag effect between both variables.
Assessing the relationship between closing prices and trading volume in the US livestock futures markets
Authors: Panagiotou Dimitrios , Tseriki Alkistis
Published: May 2020

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to examine the relationship between closing prices and trading volume in the livestock futures markets of lean hogs, live cattle and feeder cattle.

Design/methodology/approach

The parametric quantile regressions methodology is used. Daily data between January 1, 2010 and July 31, 2019 were used.

Findings

Findings suggest that the relationship between the two variables is non-linear. Price-volume relationship is positive (negative) under positive (negative) returns. Furthermore, co-movement is weaker at the lower quantiles and stronger at the higher quantiles. Results are in line with the empirical findings of the price-volume relationship in six agricultural futures markets from the study by Fousekis and Tzaferi (2019).

Originality/value

This is the first study that uses the parametric quantile regressions method in the livestock futures market, to examine the returns-volume dependence.
Institutions, human capital and economic growth in developing countries
Authors: Uddin Md Akther , Ali Md Hakim , Masih Mansur
Published: May 2020

Purpose

This paper aims to study institutions, human capital and economic growth in developing countries.

Design/methodology/approach

The study applies dynamic system Generalized Method of Moments (GMM) and simultaneous quantile regression on a panel of 120 developing countries for the period of 1996-2014.

Findings

The findings show that human development and institutions do have a significant positive effect on economic growth. Interestingly, institutions and human development have a significant negative interactive effect on the economic growth of developing countries. This paper argues that incremental investment in human development would impact economic growth negatively in the presence of weak and dysfunctional institutions because additional stock tends to be employed in rent-seeking and socially unproductive activities.

Research limitations/implications

The policy makers should bear in mind the critical role played by the institutions and the initial stage of growth of a country in making their education and health policies more effective.

Originality/value

The most important novelty is the study of various transmission channels: political, economic and financial institutions through which human development affect economic growth in developing countries. This paper also studies the Islamic economic development concept and empirically investigates whether Muslim countries are different from their counterparts. Moreover, this study extends the existing empirical growth literature by simultaneously applying dynamic system GMM and quantile regression techniques.