bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
SignWeaver: Plataforma Digital de Apoio à Disseminação de Glossários Bilíngues Libras-Português
Authors: Carneiro Carlos Augusto Guerra , Pádua Flávio Luis Cardeal , Lima Vera Lucia de Souza e , Souza Celso Luiz de
Published: September 2020

Este trabalho aborda o desenvolvimento de uma plataforma digital, denominada SignWeaver, que apoia a disseminação e manutenção de glossários bilíngues Libras-Português. De forma geral, os vocabulários técnicocientíficos são escassos nos vernáculos das principais línguas de sinais do mundo. Neste contexto, estudantes surdos, intérpretes e professores empenham-se em criar neologismos terminológicos ou sinais-termo em tais áreas, geralmente por meio da organização de comitês locais de discussão, compostos por pessoas da comunidade surda diretamente interessadas. Frequentemente, por meio deste tipo de abordagem, verifica-se que sinais completamente distintos entre si podem ser atribuídos a um mesmo conceito técnico, dificultando-se a comunicação em Libras entre membros de regiões e comunidades diferentes. Neste cenário, a principal contribuição deste trabalho consiste em prover uma plataforma inédita para aglutinar os sinais-termo criados pela comunidade surda e, atualmente, dispersos em diferentes bases de dados pelas diversas regiões do Brasil, facilitando-se a disseminação, adoção e eventual padronização dos sinais-termo em todo o território nacional. Para o desenvolvimento da SignWeaver, utilizaram-se as linguagens PHP e JavaScript, bem como dois arcabouços para desenvolvimento de softwares, quais sejam, o arcabouço Laravel, fundamental para o desenvolvimento dos módulos da plataforma que cuidam da gestão de seus dados (do inglês, back-end side) e o arcabouço Ionic, para o desenvolvimento dos módulos que cuidam das interações com os usuários (do inglês, front-end side). As funcionalidades da SignWeaver foram validadas com sucesso por 65 membros da comunidade surda, em sua maioria, surdos e intérpretes de Libras, sendo que 87,7% destes prováveis usuários mostraram-se satisfeitos com a plataforma proposta, credenciando-a como uma ferramenta a ser potencialmente utilizada pela comunidade.
Experiência de Uso de um Aplicativo Educacional Para Dispositivos Móveis no Município de Castanhal - Pará
Authors: Pinheiro Paulo Sérgio Brito , Seruffo Marcos César da Rocha , Pires Yomara Pinheiro
Published: September 2020

Este trabalho objetiva avaliar a experiência de uso em sala de aula de um aplicativo educacional executado em dispositivos móveis. A pesquisa configura-se como quantitativa e qualitativa de caráter empírico-exploratório, delineada como estudo de caso. O estudo envolveu um docente e vinte e dois alunos do 6o. ano do ensino fundamental de uma escola pública do município de Castanhal (PA) e abordou conteúdo da disciplina de matemática. Como instrumentos de coleta de dados, foram utilizados observação participante; gravação de vídeo; e aplicação de questionários após o uso do aplicativo. As análises dos dados coletados por meio dos questionários apontaram que, no contexto da pesquisa, dispositivos móveis mostraram muito atrativos aos alunos, sendo considerados produtivos para propósitos educacionais. Contudo, se observou que tais dispositivos são pouco explorados como instrumentos para estudo e aprendizagem, o que pode estar associado a cultura de proibição do celular nas escolas e a baixa proposição dos professores para uso destes equipamentos como recurso das disciplinas. A vivencia de atividade educacional realizada por meio de um jogo/aplicativo em dispositivos móveis foi muito apreciada, tendo 100% dos participantes concordado total ou parcialmente com o sentimento de envolvimento pela atividade; 95% sentiram-se motivados para estudar o conteúdo abordado no teste; e 84,4% consideraram a competitividade apresentada durante a atividade como elemento motivador.
Nova Interface do Jogo “Ludo Educativo Primeiros Passos” para Crianças com Transtorno do Espectro Autista
Authors: Souza Gabriela Mees de , Letti Giovani , Oliveira Vivian Fátima de , Silva Madalena Pereira da , Pieczkowski Tania Mara Zancanaro
Published: September 2020

A Informática na Educação contribui com a criação de tecnologias assistivas, softwares educacionais e jogos educativos para a aprendizagem significativa dos alunos. Contudo, considerando as particularidades de cada necessidade especial, a grande maioria dos materiais não é aplicável para a Educação Especial, mas pode ser adaptada para tal propósito, desde que se adotem diretrizes válidas, pertinentes ao tipo de necessidade especial, no desenvolvimento dos recursos pedagógicos. Neste artigo é proposta a reformulação da interface do jogo “Ludo Educativo Primeiros Passos” para a alfabetização de crianças com Transtorno de Espectro Autista (TEA). Na reformulação foi adotada a abordagem da User Experience (UX), que dispõe de um arcabouço para desenvolver softwares orientados às necessidades dos usuários. A metodologia consistiu da busca sistemática sobre diretrizes para projetar recursos educacionais, com acessibilidade da Web Cognitiva; coleta de dados com mães de crianças com TEA; projeto e desenvolvimento da nova interface do jogo. E por fim, usando a pesquisa experimental foram realizados os testes de usabilidade, com crianças com TEA, para avaliar a interface do jogo, antes e após a reformulação da mesma. Os resultados e discussões demonstram que a nova interface é promissora, pois além de ser bem aceita pelas crianças, possibilitou a realização das tarefas com êxito.
Aplicação de ferramentas computacionais para o desenvolvimento do ensino de crianças com autismo: um Mapeamento Sistemático da Literatura
Authors: Silva Martony Demes da , Soares André Castelo Branco , Moura Igo Coutinho
Published: September 2020

Crianças caracterizadas com o Transtorno do Espectro Autista (TEA) demandam atenção especial para com os cuidados em seu cotidiano, inclusive durante o processo de ensino e aprendizagem escolar. Ensinar crianças autistas requer o uso de métodos e ferramentas diferenciadas devido às dificuldades cognitivas, sociais e comunicativas desses indivíduos. Diante disso, neste trabalho, avaliaram-se diversas pesquisas publicadas que tratam sobre intervenções terapêuticas (aplicadas às crianças autistas) que são apoiadas por recursos computacionais. Esse tipo de abordagem se mostra eficaz no incremento do desenvolvimento de várias habilidades, possibilitando o avanço no aprendizado da criança e potencializando o trabalho do educador em sua prática de ensino. Este trabalho apresenta um Mapeamento Sistemático da Literatura com o propósito de investigar e interpretar as tendências e as lacunas dos avanços no uso de tecnologias computacionais para o ensino de crianças com TEA. Os resultados desta pesquisa geraram embasamento teórico para tomada de decisão em relação a questões de pesquisas futuras. Os resultados obtidos indicam que as ferramentas tecnológicas incrementam significativamente o desenvolvimento do ensino de crianças com autismo. Identificou-se também que as tecnologias móveis são adotadas como o principal instrumento tecnológico no processo de ensino e aprendizagem.
Grouprofile: Um Modelo de Gerenciamento de Perfis de Grupos de Aprendizes em Ambiente Virtual de Aprendizagem
Authors: Sparremberber Adalto Selau , Barbosa Jorge Luis Victória , Gluz João Carlos , Zanin Aline , Becker Taila Poliana
Published: September 2020

Toda sala de aula, seja ela presencial ou EaD, é caracterizada pela presença física ou virtual de um grupo de aprendizes e professor(es) e/ou tutor(es). Neste grupo de aprendizes estão pessoas com os mais diversos perfis, e uma das missões do educador que está conduzindo a turma, é identificar este perfil de cada estudante e do grupo. Através desta identificação de perfil, o educador pode adequar as suas estratégias de ensino, dando um suporte maior para os alunos que possuem maior dificuldade e valorizando as aptidões de cada aluno. Por exemplo: se o aluno se destaca por sua proatividade, esta característica deve ser explorada. Desta forma, utilizar mecanismos que suportem esta identificação de perfil podem auxiliar os professores neste processo. Considerando que é comum nos cursos presenciais e principalmente nos cursos EaD fazer uso de ambientes virtuais de ensino, para apoiar parcial ou totalmente as atividades propostas para a turma, é proposto neste trabalho a utilização de um modelo que coleta informações destes ambientes e mapeia para o professor o perfil do grupo de aprendizes em relação a: aprendizes com maior e menor desempenho; aprendizes com maior e menor proatividade, reatividade e interesse.
Thoughts on War
Authors: Meilinger Phillip S.
Published: September 2020

In these provocative essays, military historian Phillip Meilinger explores timeless issues. Beginning with an iconoclastic look at the ideas of Carl von Clausewitz, Meilinger sees an unfortunate influence due to an emphasis on bloody battle, combined with a Euro-centric worldview. Moreover, Clausewitz’s dictum that war is an extension of policy actually says very little to guide modern world leaders. Other essays examine the nature of war in the twenty-first century, principles of war, the meaning of decisive victory, the importance of second front operations, the influence of time in battle, and a look at the first major amphibious and joint campaign of World War II in Norway. He also notes the crucial role played by service culture, and his controversial look at the American military tradition reveals that the US military has played a major role in politics throughout our history. An essay on unity of command in the Pacific during World War II reveals interservice rivalry and conflicting strategic views. Strategic bombing in World War II depended on new analytical tools, such as intelligence gathering. The United States Strategic Bombing Survey examined the results of those bombing campaigns in depth. The United States now engages in wars of choice and requires an international mandate to intervene to restore peace or destroy a terrorist group. We must therefore limit risk and cost, especially to the civilian populace. This leads to a new paradigm emphasizing the use of airpower, special operations forces, intelligence gathering and dissemination systems, and indigenous ground forces.
Pershing and Early Counterinsurgency among Maranao Moros, 1902
Authors: Edgerton Ronald K.
Published: September 2020

Chapter 1 examines Pershing’s early implementation of counterinsurgency ideas among Maranao Moros in 1902. He stressed the importance of learning about Maranao culture and political divisions and of applying that learning in alliance building to isolate hostile Moros in an ever-diminishing minority. He set the stage for successful military campaigns to follow. But he also made mistakes in his culturally myopic attempt to impose American concepts of justice on Maranao Moro datus (chiefs). By 1903, he had learned from his mistakes enough to attain the high honor of being elected a datu by Maranao leaders.
Comparative Counterinsurgency and the Moros of Jolo
Authors: Edgerton Ronald K.
Published: September 2020

This chapter compares and contrasts direct and indirect approaches to counterinsurgency as personified by Leonard Wood and John J. Pershing, laying out a point-by-point comparison and analyzing the pros and cons of each. It then introduces a third Moro group (in addition to Maranaos and Maguindanaos), the Tausug Moros of Jolo Island in the Sulu Archipelago. Reacting to Leonard Wood’s aggressive pacification policy, Tausug warriors violently fought back collectively and in individual acts of ritual suicide, or parrang sabbil.
Prologue
Authors: DeCredico Mary A.
Published: September 2020

Died: Confederacy, Southern.—at the late residence of his father,

J. Davis, Richmond, Virginia, Southern Confederacy, aged 4 years.

Death caused by strangulation. No funeral.

—Richmond Whig, evening ed., April 7, 1865

The Confederate death certificate given as this chapter’s epigraph was published shortly after General Robert E. Lee surrendered the Army of Northern Virginia to General Ulysses S. Grant at Appomattox Court House. Confederate president Jefferson Davis and members of his cabinet were on the run, attempting to make their way to the Trans-Mississippi theater....
Hardship and Despair, 1863
Authors: DeCredico Mary A.
Published: September 2020

Chapter 3 explores how the year 1863 challenged the city and its people as never before. Bad weather and the government fixing of prices for food and livestock led to spiraling inflation and food shortages. Because of these problems, coupled with a devastating fire at the Confederate arsenal laboratory on Brown’s Island, the situation in Richmond was tense. It finally exploded when hungry women marched to the governor’s mansion. Infuriated by the lack of response to their queries, the women took to the streets and created the largest bread riot to wrack the Confederacy that spring. Neither Mayor Joseph Mayo nor Governor John Letcher could appease the crowd, so the Home Guard was sent to deal with the rioters. In the aftermath of the Bread Riot, the Richmond City Council created what would become a comprehensive welfare system.
Advanced Pairings for the Bourbon Food Fanatic
Authors: Stevens Peggy Noe , Reigler Susan , Minnick Fred
Published: September 2020

This chapter offers a deep dive into the subtleties and complexity of matching bourbon and food to bring out different layers of flavor. Bourbon flavor may be amplified, contrasted, even exploded. Charts outlining good pairings are included.
The Kentucky Derby Party
Authors: Stevens Peggy Noe , Reigler Susan , Minnick Fred
Published: September 2020

Every spring, horses and whiskey meet to celebrate “The Greatest Two Minutes in Sports,” the Kentucky Derby, which is run at Churchill Downs in Louisville on the first Saturday in May. While the horserace itself doesn't last long, it has given rise to what we in Kentucky like to think of as The Greatest Two Weeks in Partying. This chapter describes how to plan and arrange Derby-themed parties.
Redução das Infecções Relacionadas à Assistência à Saúde (IRAS) com intervenção da equipe multiprofissional
Authors: Amaral Elaine Gomes do , Lima Livia Santana Barbosa , Ferreira Marco Aurélio Soares
Published: September 2020

O presente texto expõe a experiência da relação de cuidado de equipe multidisciplinar de uma unidade de terapia intensiva de um hospital universitário da cidade de Uberlândia/MG, em um contexto de um cotidiano árduo enquanto profissionais da saúde na prevenção e redução das Infecções Relacionadas a Assistência à Saúde (IRAS). Tem como objetivo compartilhar conhecimentos e vivências do ato de cuidar com pacientes críticos internados na unidade de terapia intensiva. Para isso, o relato de experiência foi utilizado como método. Buscar um encontro com equipe e conhecimento prévio dessas infecções e manuseio com o paciente envolvendo todos os trabalhadores das unidades.
Grundtvigs sang-værk. Sjette bind, hefte 1
Authors: Johansen Steen
Published: September 2020

Grundtvigs Hymns , Vol. VI, Part I. Variant Readings and Notes on Vols. I & II. Det Danske Forlag (The Danish Publishing Co.), 1956. 180 pages. By Steen Johansen. The new edition of N. F. S. Grundtvig’s hymns, which was begun in 1944, has now reached its sixth and last volume, which contains only variant readings and explanatory notes, etc., on the preceding volumes. However, owing to the extent of the material it has been decided to publish the volume in three parts of numbers, of which up to the present the first has been published (in 1956), containing variant readings and notes on the first two volumes. The whole of this edition of the hymns, which is in charge of a commission under the leadership of the Reverend Uffe Hansen, has this peculiarity, that the first five volumes give only the text, while all the variant readings, explanations, etc., are given together in the final volume. In the reviewer’s opinion, it would certainly have been better if the variant readings had been printed in connection with each hymn; more space could thus have been gained for explanatory notes, which would have been of advantage to the edition. In preparing the list of variant readings all the various manuscripts have been used, in contradistinction to earlier editions. This in itself is sufficient to ensure that the present edition makes all previous ones of date. Much work has also be done on the investigation of the sources of Grundtvig’s translations of hymns, and, in addition, there are explanations of uncommon words, and references to Biblical passages in the hymns and to the literature on the subject of Grundtvig’s hymns. With all these qualities, this volume of notes marks a great step forward in Danish research on Grundtvig’s writings. Only now have Grundtvig’s hymns been published in a scholary form suited to our own time.
Anders Pontoppidan Thyssen: Den nygrundtvigske bevægelse
Authors: Albeck Gustav
Published: September 2020

Anders Pontoppidan: The new Grundtvigian movementBy Gustav Albeck
N. F. S. Grundtvigs bopæle (adresser) i København
Authors: Johansen Steen
Published: September 2020

Places at which N. F. S. Grundtvig stayed in Copenhagen. Up to 1821. By Steen Johansen. The essay consists exclusively of some biographical observations concerning N. F. S. Grundtvig, inasmuch as it attempts to give an exact account of the places at which Grundtvig stayed in Copenhagen from the year 1800, when he entered the University, until his death 1872. However, the section which is printed here deals only with the period from 1800 to 1821, since the period from 1821 to 1872 must await further research. By way of introduction there are some observations on the places at which Grundtvig is presumed to have stayed when he was a pupil at the Latin School in Aarhus. There is a thorough discussion of the question as to where in Copenhagen Grundtvig lived during his time as a student ( 1800- 03). In addition, special attention is paid to the period from 181 1 to 1821, which incidentally is still one of the most obscure periods of Grundtvig’s life from the biographical points of view. Here an attempt is made to give the correct sequence of Grundtvig’s addresses during the period. Finally, some remarks about the possible significance of this investigation for an understanding of Grundtvig. His unsettled life as a student, when he lived sometimes in Copenhagen, sometimes at home in South Sjaelland or in other places, undoubtedly reflects his inner life, which at that time was still immature and lacking in concentration. But later—and here one thinks especially of the years from 18 1 1 to 1821, which were full of ferment and very productive— Grundtvig’s frequent changes of residence must certainly be an expression of utter indifference as to where and how he lived. During these years he was very dependent on his family (his own and his future wife’s), and on his uncertain earnings as a writer, for his housing accommodation. Only when he was 37 years of age did he obtain his first “position” from a citizen’s point of view.
Grundtvig-litteratur 1960. En bibliografisk oversigt
Authors: Johansen Steen
Published: September 2020

Grundtvig literature 1960. A bibliographical overview By Steen Johansen
Svar til tre kritikere
Authors: Thaning Kaj
Published: September 2020

Answer to tree critics from parish priest Kaj Thaning
Grundtvig og Brorson
Authors: Sørensen Jørgen
Published: September 2020

Grundtvig and Brorson By Jørgen Sørensen Grundtvig’s evaluation of Br.’s hymns from 1828 remained unchanged. In Psalme-Blade, the collection which was to hold what was strictly necessary to meet the want, Gr. included only two by Br., although he knew him to be very popular in the “religious assemblies” and should have included more to be in agreement with his own view of the problem of the empty churches and the “religious assemblies” . In the “Prøvehefte” the number of hymns by Br. Was raised to seven, but judging from Fest-Psalmer Gr. finds himself able to recognize only three of them as real and important church hymns. Finally, when with Fest-Psalmer Gr. had the opportunity to organize all by himself what might eventually be called a complete hymn-book, there was room for only ten hymns by Br. out of a total number of 330. These collections of hymns are church hymn-books in the sense conveyed by Gr. in the following quotation, which is an answer to the complaint that the “Prøvehefte” was not also intended for family prayers: “Our remark in the preface about a church hymn-book has been completely misunderstood. We do not mean a book which could not be used outside the stone church, far from it; rather we have in mind a songbook aiming alone at what links us together in religious life and should be common to all who share the same faith and hope, so it was not an extrinsic but an intrinsic distinction we made between what belongs to the church and what to the home, as between what is objective and subjective in religiousness” . Thus, although the SV was not meant to be a church hymn-book in the ordinary sense, it was definitely a church hymn-book in Gr.’s sense as expressed above. It is to be regretted, then, that Gr. did not find occasion to work out the collection of hymns for private devotions which he had in mind in 1810-20 and which he also mentions to Fenger when devotional matter was left out of Psalme-Blade, because this would have given a more varied impression of Gr.’s evaluation of Br. But Gr.’s main interest definitely lay with the church, and the hymns in question— as he often points out— were easily accessible in many collections and older hymn-books. That is probably why he never did make the selection.
N. P. Nielsen: Fra bondedreng til grænsepræst
Authors: Høirup Henning
Published: September 2020

N. P. Nielsen: From countryboy to border PriestBy Henning Høirup
Beretning om Grundtvig-Selskabets virksomhed 1967-68
Authors: Høirup Henning
Published: September 2020

Report on the Grundtvig Society's company 1967-68By Henning Høirup
En omstridt Grundtvig-salme og dens forstadier
Authors: Jensen Th. Borup
Published: September 2020

Thorkild Borup Jensen, “A Much-Debated Grundtvig Hymn and its Preliminary Stages”In the first part of this study it is shown, by means of an analysis of structure, style, and content, that the hymn »O Christelighed« (Oh Christianity) ( 1853) meets the demands that Grundtvig himself made on the genre from the mid 1820’s onwards: The hymn should “express the living feeling that we have already passed from death to life, have found eternal life in the love of God, and have drunk of the chalice of his blessedness”. The hymn “O Christelighed” is partly a visionary image of the absolute, complete, and unqualified state of blessedness (st. 1- 3 ), partly a richly symbolic account of its causes, both those originating in human nature (Tro og Haab (faith and hope) st. 4- 5 ), and those originating in divine nature (Kiærlighed (charity), st. 6- 7 ). The entire hymn is pervaded by a sense of ecstatic enthusiasm inspired by the experience of the Promised Land of Christianity here and now, and also by the certainty that the experience will continue unbroken.In the last part of the study the two earlier versions of the hymn are taken into account as well, viz. “Jeg kjender et Land” (I know a land) ( 1824) and “O dejlige Land” (Oh blessed land) ( 1832). From the three variants it is shown how Grundtvig as an artist was perpetually inspired by the baroque hymn writer Kingo—and how as a Christian preacher he dissociates himself from Kingo with increasing consistency: Conceptually, and artistically, the version of 1824 comes closest to Kingo’s hymn “Far, Verden, far vel” (a farewell to the world); in the version of 1832 there are still many Kingo reminiscences, but in the version of 1853 these are totally eradicated.
Jørgen Elbek: Litteraturen i dag.
Authors: Michelsen William
Published: September 2020

Reviews of literature on Grundtvig  Jørgen Elbek, Literaturen i dag. Artikler om ældre o g nyere forfattereRev. by William MichelsenThis book contains, among other things, reprints of three essential studies on Grundtvig, it is prefaced by an excellent defence of existential criticism, and it concludes in considerations of literature and its application in education, inspired, in part, by Grundtvig’s view of poetry. Therefore the review calls attention to Elbek’s interpretations of “Nyaars-Morgen” and “Sang-Værk” as valuable contributions towards the intrepretation of Grundtvig’s poetry in general. In volume his Grundtvig studies do not yet equal Toldberg’s and Uffe Hansen’s, but in quality he is equal to Magnus Stevns. And over these scholars he has the advantage of being familiar with literature at large, which makes his assessment of Grundtvig a weighty one. A full appreciation of Elbek’s interpretations presupposes that the poems are fresh in one’s memory, and thus the book is a strong incentive to re-reading Grundtvig’s poetry.
Supplement to Grundtvig-Studier 1972
Authors: Michelsen William , Albeck Gustav
Published: September 2020

Supplement til Grundtvig-Studier 1972 Holger Kjær: Højskolens Grund. Kolding 1971, 139 pages, 32 kr. 20 øre.Reviewed by William Michelsen. (Grundtvig-Studier 1972). Ebbe Kløvedal Reich: Frederik. A popular book about the life and times of N. F. S. Grundtvig. Reviewed by Gustav Albeck. (Grundtvig-Studier 1972 ).
Bibliographie über Grundtvig-Literatur in nicht-skandinavischen Sprachen
Authors: Harbsmeier Eberhard
Published: September 2020

Grundtvig litteratur på ikke-skandinaviske sprogBy Eberhard Harbsmeier
Hjertets gudbilledlighed
Authors: Jensen Erik Krebs
Published: September 2020

The Heart as the Image of Godby Erik Krebs JensenThe image of God in the heart and the heart as the image of God are at one and the same time the divine and the truly human in man. Since the Creation the image of God has been hidden in the human heart, and in the course of history it will be illuminated more and more until at the end of history it will be completely revealed.The image of God is a riddle for man. By feeling and understanding, that is, receiving impressions of other images of God (in nature, in poetry or of Christ) the image of God in the heart can be illuminated. This meeting of images happens through the living interplay of the word between heart and heart. The word with God’s Spirit is an image of God - it is in fact Christ Himself in His resurrected form, speaking to man. This word must be heard audibly for it to make an impression on the heart so that the Spirit can touch it and move it. For the heart is created precisely in order to be open to spirit (both God’s and the Devil’s), and where the heart does not harden against it but is stirred by hearing God’s word, there the image of God in the heart’s core is revived, and this echoes in the mouth of man as a confession in a word of faith, hope or love. In this echo (an echo of God’s word) it is revealed to God and men and to man himself that he has adopted God’s word. Grundtvig puts it as strongly as this: God has reincarnated Himself. Every time a man hears God’s word, Jesus is reconceived, and He is reborn in the echoing word and thereby revealed to the world.This revelation of Christ in the word on the lips of men is an expression of God’s continuing creation and activity. God’s creative deed is always the same two-pronged action with one and the same result. At the Creation God made man out of clay and breathed His Spirit into him so that man could talk to God. In the fullness of time God made His power overshadow Mary and His Spirit descend upon Jesus, so that Jesus could talk to God on earth. (Jesus healed by touch and by speaking words). At baptism the sign of the cross is made and the child is baptized, thereby giving it the child’s right to pray, to confess and praise. Where God’s word touches the heart and the Spirit captivates the heart, and the heart responds with a “Yes and Amen!” as an echo of what it has heard, there God’s creative presence in the word is experienced. And in the heart’s core the image of God is illuminated by the Spirit through the meeting between God’s image and its imprint.
Troens grund
Authors: Sørensen Henning
Published: September 2020

The Basis of Faithby Henning SørensenIn the period 1811-23 Grundtvig is forced into a continuous process of differentiation in the Bible in an attempt to find the Word of God that is the basis of faith. But in the course of the Church year 1822-23 this process is interrupted by Grundtvig’s discovery of the power of the audible word, a discovery that the audible word is better suited to being the word by which faith is born, fed, strengthened, and therefore, grows. The word of man is not just a sound, but can be “tuned” to have a spiritual content. In other words, faith is born and strengthened by the word being heard, and faith in this audible word implies that it seeks to be professed. The unparalleled discovery in 1825 is therefore already being prepared for in 1823, even though right up to the 9th Sunday in Trinity 1825 Grundtvig may be retaining the written word as the basis of faith, in an attempt to defend himself against unbelievers.In 1832 Grundtvig reaches a new understanding of mankind that goes against his Lutheran origins. Recreation must now start from what is created by the Creation and what has fallen of Man at the Fall. This Man is capable of believing and verbalising this faith. The life of Jesus was a divine life lived under the laws of human nature. This life can be linked to Man’s by Man being baptized with Jesus’ baptism and thereby sharing in the blessing that was heard at His baptism. With regard to this starting-point, that is, baptism, Jesus is born and grows as a child together with Mankind to consummation.Since Man was created by a Creative Word, he should remain true to the purpose of creation through faith. But Man doubted, the Fall occurred, and faith became blind. It shrank until it was no more than a vague memory of the original life in God’s image. Through re-creation the heart hears a Word that corresponds to the original Word of Creation, and the faith created at the Creation is re-created into a Christian faith through the Word of faith that illuminates the truth. This does not mean, however, that the faith given to all people at the Creation has no further purpose. For that is precisely the faith which is the source of the Christian faith, and this faith will still be a prerequisite if men are to believe one another and human life is to be lived at all.The blind and the seeing faith, like the fallen and the raised man, are therefore of the same nature. But the seeing faith knows where truth is to be found and will be able to believe this truth if it can be helped towards it.
Grundtvigs væksttanke - Fra menneskelivets begyndelse til dets fuldendelse
Authors: Fibiger Lise Brandt
Published: September 2020

Grundtvigs View of the Growth of Man: From the Beginning of Human Life to its Perfectionby Lise Brandt FibigerGrundtvig never discusses growth in the sense of bodily growth only or Christian growth only. On the contrary, he always speak of the growth of natural man and of the growth of natural and recreated man, in the sense that natural man is the person who has within him a living faith in God as the Creator, and who enjoys a childlike trust in God. Man is not natural unless he acknowledges his creation. Natural man grows in body and soul, and the natural human life is the absolute prior condition for re-creation to occur. Re-creation takes place in baptism, where man receives Jesus as his brother, and the child’s condition in his relationship with God. The natural man does not lose his significance, for the baptized man is natural and re-created, and growth now occurs according to the same order of things. By insisting that the natural and the re-created human life are a unity Grundtvig avoids a «oiritualization of the Christian life. Growth takes place here and now, in and thiough natural human life. When the child is baptized and has assumed the child’s conditions and Jesus as his brother, God’s Word and Spirit can take root in his heart. As the creative word and spirit God’s Word and Spirit have been in the heart before baptism - now this creative word and spirit are united with the redeeming Word and Spirit. So it is not a new Word and a new Spirit that has entered into existence, but rather a development of them. From the Word and the Spirit in the heart grow faith, hope and love. This traid also belonged to the natural human life; this triad is also developed; and it is with this triad that man grows. But growth does not come of its own accord. Just as man in the natural life must have nourishment in order to grow, so must the natural and re-created man be nourished, and thus whoever is baptized must come to Holy Communion and there get the nourishment to continue his growth. Nourishment is necessary because only through the church service does growth continue unhampered. In life there are still obstacles; man loses faith in his creation and re-creation. If growth is not to stop completely, whoever is baptized must join in the service, where he is able to grow again and where he is nourished and strengthened. Growth cannot be spiritualized, for it is not a Sundays-only growth but an everyday growth. It is not a growth away from the world but a growth in the world in which God’s Kingdom is reflected.
Enok Mortensen: Schools for Life. (Danish-American Heritage Society, 1977.)
Authors: Thaning Kaj
Published: September 2020

Enok Mortensen: Skoler for livet. (Dansk-amerikansk arv, 1977)Anmeldt af Kaj Thaning
Grundtvig i europæisk åndsliv.
Authors: Elbek Jørgen
Published: September 2020

Grundtvig and European culturea lecture by Jørgen ElbekThe main idea in this paper is that Plato, Goethe and Grundtvig share an anthropology that seems to be identical with the yoga concept of invisible man; but that Plato expresses his through a philosophy of society (in the Republic), Goethe through a philosophy of nature (in The Metamorphosis o f Plants) and Grundtvig through a philosophy of history (in, amongst others, The Pleiades o f Christendom). In the case of Plato there is a structural merger between the Republic and the series of 30 or so dialogues that constitute his life’s work. In Goethe’s case there is a harmony between his picture of life in Wilhelm Meisters Lehrjahre (Wilhelm Meister’s Apprenticeship) and his own biography (for example, Mignon’s death corresponds to Goethe’s own renunciation in connection with Die Wahlverwandtschaften (pub. in English in 1914 as Elective Affinities) and Harfner’s death corresponds to the resignation of Marienbadelegie). In the case of Grundtvig, there is a correspondence between his subdivision of church and world history and the well-known phases of his own life: thus the history of the Jews, the Greeks and the Romans corresponds to the years 1801-10, 1810-17, and 1817-23, characterized by imagination, emotion and reason respectively. The arrival of Christianity coincides with the turning-point in Grundtvig’s life in 1824; whilst the history of recent times, moving through the Lutheran and the Grundtvigian to the future church corresponds to the years 1825-32, 1832-44 and 1844-67, characterized by faith, hope and love respectively. These are in turn incorporated into Christmas, Easter and Whitsun, or the creed, baptism and Holy Communion.
Grundtvig og Det litterære Selskab 1805-1822
Authors: Lundgreen-Nielsen Flemming
Published: September 2020

Grundtvig and Literary Society 1805-1822By Flemming Lundgreen-NielsenIn the period July 3rd 1808 to January 1810 Grundtvig was a member of a largely unknown reading society comprising students and lower civil servants. Through the club he received advice and the chance to keep up-to-date with a number of literary magazines, to which he himself also contributed articles.The discovery of the reading society and Grundtvig’s membership was made in the hand-written collections at the Royal Library in Copenhagen, where the society’s papers are kept in three files (New Royal Collection 1218 f,g and h 4°). In this article Dr. Flemming Lundgreen-Nielsen considers the discovery and importance of Grundtvig’s membership. In this connection he contributes further information as to how in his early years Grundtvig found opportunities to satisfy his colossal need for reading.
Har Grundtvig-Selskabet forsømt Digteren Grundtvig?
Authors: Albeck Gustav
Published: September 2020

Has the Grundtvig Society Neglected Grundtvig the Poet?By Gustav AlbeckThis paper, also read to the annual Conference of the Grundtvig Society, involved a detailed survey of the literature on Grundtvig as a poet, both before and after the foundation of the Grundtvig Society. Initially the three grundtvigians Frederik Nielsen, Frederik Rønning and Holger Begtrup were dwelt on, and next the chapter on Grundtvig in Vilhelm Andersen’s Illustreret Dansk Litteraturhistorie III is mentioned along with Hans Brix’s account in Danske Digtere and the important monographs on Grundtvig by Edvard Lehmann, the historian of religion, and Hal Koch, the ecclesiastical historian, which books have little to say about Grundtvig the poet. Indeed, as Albeck points out, for long Grundtvig was not rated on the literature exchange of Copenhagen. To Brandes he was nothing but a pest, though he recognized that he ranked among the giants of Danish intellectual life. H. S. Vodskov, the critic, was among the first to afford Grundtvig recognition, as did L. C. Nielsen, the poet. It is, however, Paul V Rubow, who as a professor of literature called for research on Grundtvig based on true scholarship that might bring to light new knowledge about Grundtvig, and particularly about the poet.Albeck claims that research on Grundtvig already began in the Thirties with minor contributions by Emil Frederiksen and Magnus Stevns. Owing to the German occupation 1940-1945, however, the interest in Grundtvig increased, and in 1947 the Grundtvig Society (hereinafter GS) was founded by a group numbering as many literary scholars as theologians. The registration of Grundtvig’s unpublished papers, running to thirty volumes, was completed 1956-1964, the feat of a team-work including philologists and theologians, which had the support of the GS and the Danish Society for Language and Literature. Scholars in the humanities were in special pursuit of papers that might throw light on Grundtvigs profane work, and particularly his poetry. An edition of Grundtvig’s diaries and books of excerpts, undertaken by Gustav Albeck and published in colloboration with the Danish Society for Language and Literature, was one achievement, but so far one has not succeeded in bringing out a complete edition of Grundtvig’s letters. Chr. Thodberg has published the bulk of Grundtvigs sermons. But Albeck misses studies of Grundtvig’s poetry after Helge Toldberg’s doctoral thesis. The poet Poul Borum’s book on “Grundtvig The Poet” (1983) he considers an exception, while pointing to Flemming Lundgreen Nielsen, Det handlende ord (1980). Particularly Albeck regrets the omission of attention to Grundtvig as a poet in the book that was published in English, French and German by the Danish Society under the editorship of members of the GS for the Grundtvig Bicentenary in 1983. He does admit, though, that Grundtvig the poet, is present both in Flemming Lundgreen Nielsen’s chapter, “Grundtvig and Romanticism” and in Chr. Thodberg’s two chapters, “Grundtvig the Hymnwriter” and “Grundtvig the Preacher - the Poet in the Pulpit”.
Vartovbogen 1986
Authors: Michelsen William
Published: September 2020

The 'Vartov' bookRewieved by William Michelsen
I. Annalistisk indholdsfortegnelse
Authors: Albeck Gustav
Published: September 2020

I. 'Annalistisk' table of contentsBy Gustav Albeck
Om Grundtvig, Kierkegaard og det moderne gennembrud
Authors: Michelsen William
Published: September 2020

About Grundtvig, Kierkegaard and the modern breakthroughBy William Michelsen
Grundtvigs natursyn
Authors: Pedersen Kim Arne
Published: September 2020

Grundtvig’s conception of Nature.By Kim Arne Pedersen.In this paper Grundtvig’s view on non-human nature and natural science is examined with the contemporary Danish discussion about theology and natural sciences (Viggo Mortensen) as a starting-point. It is argued against the use of Grundtvig’s ideas as a model for a dialogue between these fields of scholarship.Earlier researchers’ (C. I. Scharling) denial of Grundtvig having a view on nature is rejected, and Kaj Thaning’s conception of the autonomy of natural sciences in Nordens Mythologi 1832 is modified.Grundtvig’s conception of nature is defined as rooted in the Western European theological tradition’s Neo-platonic oriented cosmological interpretation of Genesis. Grundtvig takes up the understanding of natural objects as images of the invisible, spiritual world, but he shows his awareness of the rational, scientific interpretation of this tradition.The article points out 4 phases in Grundtvig’s elaboration of his view on nature after 1810, connected with the years after Kort Begreb af Verdens Krønike 1812, the magazine Danne-Virke 1816-1819, the years after Nordens Mythologi 1832 and the period from 1855 to 1860-1865. In the first phase Grundtvig rejects the independence of natural sciences as a tool of Antichrist in the final battle of the near future. In Danne-Virke nature is understood as a tool used in man’s symbolic knowledge of God. The main tool is man’s knowledge of himself because of his exceptional position inside creation as a creature with self-consciousness and language, and therefore the natural sciences are subordinated research on the history of man. Grundtvig’s thesis of femininity as representing nature and man’s body as a microcosm both in a rational, scientific and in a symbolic way is connected with this leading idea. In the years after Nordens Mythologi Grundtvig gives nature and natural sciences a much more independent position, but at the same time he stresses nature’s connection with man because of the state of man’s body as a microcosm. Grundtvig also attacks the Copernican picture of the universe.In the years after 1855 Grundtvig’s attitude towards natural science is sharpened. Apocalyptic motives return, and now Antichrist is connected with the rejection of God’s omnipotence and man’s exceptional position inside creation. As an alternative to the natural sciences Grundtvig emphasizes the interpretation of nature as a symbolic image of God.
Wales: Language and National Identity
Authors: Jones Bedwyr Lewis
Published: September 2020

Wales: Sprog og national identitetAf Bedwyr Lewis JonesDenne afhandling er det sidste arbejde, forfattet af Bedwyr Lewis Jones, der var professor i walisisk sprog og litteratur. Han havde netop arbejdet med dette manuskript med henblik på at holde foredrag ved en konference på Aarhus Universitet, da han umiddelbart inden afrejsen fra Wales blev ramt af et hjertestop og døde. På grundlag af forfatterens forlag og optegnelser holdt hans nære ven, A.M. Allchin, i stedet foredraget og bearbejdede manuskriptet til trykning.Wales er først og fremmest kendetegnet ved sit sprog. Derimod har landet ikke nogen selvstændig politisk struktur på linje med andre europæiske nationalstater. At sproget alligevel har kunnet overleve, er ret beset et mirakel. Forfatteren refererer til en formulering af Tolkien, der har betegnet walisisk som 'senior blandt de britiske sprog'. Det walisiske sprog bygger da også på en broget historisk udvikling gennem århundreder, eller rettere årtusinder. Forfatteren skildrer, hvorledes udviklingen tog sin begyndelse med keltiske stammer, der tog områder på de britiske øer i besiddelse lange inden vor tidsregnings begyndelse. Han gennemgår hovedtræk af udviklingen siden da, idet han særlig betoner reformationsårhundredet, hvor Bibelen blev oversat til walisisk, og det 18. århundrede med den metodistiske vækkelsesbevægelse.Det 20. århundrede har været præget af årtiers tilbagegang for det walisiske sprog, idet en stadigt tiltagende dominans af engelsk sprog og kultur s. ud til at føre walisik mod endelig undergang. Grundtvigs tanker har været kendt, men har ikke haft nogen større direkte betydning, omend den saglige, principielle relevans tydeligt fremgår. Men på trods af de mærker udsigter har der gennem de seneste år vist sig opløftende tegn på fornyelse. Forfatterens eget manuskript slutter her; men Allchin føjer nogle konkluderende synspunkter til, hvor han kommenterer disse fornyelsestendenser, idet han fremhæver den fortjenstfulde indsats, Bedwyr Lewis Jones selv udførte, både som akademiker og som deltager i en folkelig, national vækkelse.
Sammenhængen mellem skaberånd og helligånd
Authors: Boas Hans Henrik Midtgaard
Published: September 2020

The connection between creator Spirit and the Holy SpiritBy Hans Henrik Midtgaard Boas
Om Billedsproget i Grundtvigs sidste digt
Authors: Michelsen William
Published: September 2020

About the imagery in Grundtvig's last poem.Heritage and Prophecy. Grundtvig and the English-Speaking World. Edited by A.M. Allchin, D. Jasper; J.H. Schjørring and K. Stevenson. Aarhus University Press, Århus 1993. 330 s. ISBN 87 7288 447 9. Skrifter udgivet af Grundtvig-Selskabet, bind XXIV.Reviewed by William Michelsen
Grundtvig og den moderne historiografi
Authors: Michelsen William
Published: September 2020

Grundtvig and the modern historiographyBy William Michelsen
Fra et »konsultations«værelse i Chicago
Authors: Balling Jakob
Published: September 2020

From a »consultation« room in ChicagoBy Jakob Balling