bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Updates on Hypoxia-Inducible Factor Prolyl Hydroxylase Inhibitors in the Treatment of Renal Anemia
Authors: Li Jing , Haase Volker H. , Hao Chuan-Ming
Published: October 2022

Background: Anemia is a common complication of chronic kidney disease. The hypoxia-inducible factor prolyl hydroxylase inhibitor (HIF-PHI) is a new class of oral drugs for the treatment of renal anemia. Summary: Clinical trials have consistently shown that HIF-PHIs can effectively increase hemoglobin in both the dialysis population and the nondialysis population. The effects of HIF-PHIs in treating renal anemia include promoting endogenous erythropoietin production and facilitating iron mobilization. Several studies suggest that the erythropoiesis effect of roxadustat is less affected by inflammation. Careful monitoring of thromboembolic events and tumor before and during HIF-PHI treatment is necessary. Key Messages: HIF-PHIs are effective in correcting renal anemia. The long-term safety of HIF-PHIs needs to be further studied.
In-Hospital Virtual Peer-to-Peer Consultation to Increase Guideline-Directed Medical Therapy for Heart Failure: A Pilot Randomized Trial
Authors: Rao Vishal N. , Shah Anand , McDermott Jaime , Barnes Stephanie G. , Murray Evan M. , Kelsey Michelle D. , Greene Stephen J. , Fudim Marat , DeVore Adam D. , Patel Chetan B. , Blazing Michael A. , O’Brien Cara , Mentz Robert J.
Published: October 2022

Background:

Guideline-directed medical therapy (GDMT) for heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) improves clinical outcomes and quality of life. Optimizing GDMT in the hospital is associated with greater long-term use in HFrEF. This study aimed to describe the efficacy of a multidisciplinary virtual HF intervention on GDMT optimization among patients with HFrEF admitted for any cause.

Methods:

In this pilot randomized, controlled study, consecutive patients with HFrEF admitted to noncardiology medicine services for any cause were identified at a large academic tertiary care hospital between May to September 2021. Major exclusions were end-stage renal disease, hemodynamic instability, concurrent COVID-19 infection, and current enrollment in hospice care. Patients were randomized to a clinician-level virtual peer-to-peer consult intervention providing GDMT recommendations and information on medication costs versus usual care. Primary end points included (1) proportion of patients with new GDMT initiation or use and (2) changes to HF optimal medical therapy scores which included target dosing (range, 0–9).

Results:

Of 242 patients identified, 91 (38%) were eligible and randomized to intervention (N=52) or usual care (N=39). Baseline characteristics were similar between intervention and usual care (mean age 63 versus 67 years, 23% versus 26% female, 46% versus 49% Black, mean ejection fraction 33% versus 31%). GDMT use on admission was also similar. There were greater proportions of patients with GDMT initiation or continuation with the intervention compared with usual care. After adjusting for optimal medical therapy score on admission, changes to optimal medical therapy score at discharge were higher for the intervention group compared with usual care (+0.44 versus −0.31, absolute difference +0.75, adjusted estimate 0.86±0.42;
P
=0.041).

Conclusions:

Among eligible patients with HFrEF hospitalized for any cause on noncardiology services, a multidisciplinary pilot virtual HF consultation increased new GDMT initiation and dose optimization at discharge.
Cardiac Rehabilitation and the COVID-19 Pandemic: Persistent Declines in Cardiac Rehabilitation Participation and Access Among US Medicare Beneficiaries
Authors: Varghese Merilyn S. , Beatty Alexis L. , Song Yang , Xu Jiaman , Sperling Laurence S. , Fonarow Gregg C. , Keteyian Steven J. , McConeghy Kevin W. , Penko Joanne , Yeh Robert W. , Figueroa Jose F. , Wu Wen-Chih , Kazi Dhruv S.
Published: October 2022

Background:

The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on participation in and availability of cardiac rehabilitation (CR) is unknown.

Methods:

Among eligible Medicare fee-for-service beneficiaries, we evaluated, by month, the number of CR sessions attended per 100 000 beneficiaries, individuals eligible to initiate CR, and centers offering in-person CR between January 2019 and December 2021. We compared these outcomes between 2 periods: December 1, 2019 through February 28, 2020 (period 1, before declaration of the pandemic-related national emergency) and October 1, 2021 through December 31, 2021 (period 2, the latest period for which data are currently available).

Results:

In period 1, Medicare beneficiaries participated in (mean±SD) 895±84 CR sessions per 100 000 beneficiaries each month. After the national emergency was declared, CR participation sharply declined to 56 CR sessions per 100 000 beneficiaries in April 2020. CR participation recovered gradually through December 2021 but remained lower than prepandemic levels (period 2: 698±29 CR sessions per month per 100 000 beneficiaries,
P
=0.02). Declines in CR participation were most marked among dual Medicare and Medicaid enrollees and patients residing in rural areas or socially vulnerable communities. There was no statistically significant change in CR eligibility between the 2 periods. Compared with 2618±5 CR centers in period 1, there were 2464±7 in period 2 (
P
<0.01). Compared with CR centers that survived the pandemic, 220 CR centers that closed were more likely to be affiliated with public hospitals, located in rural areas, and serve the most socially vulnerable communities.

Conclusions:

The COVID-19 pandemic was associated with a persistent decline in CR participation and the closure of CR centers, which disproportionately affected rural and low-income patients and the most socially vulnerable communities. Innovation in CR financing and delivery is urgently needed to equitably enhance CR participation among Medicare beneficiaries.
Myotubularin‐Related Protein14 Prevents Neointima Formation and Vascular Smooth Muscle Cell Proliferation by Inhibiting Polo‐Like Kinase1
Authors: Kong Ling‐Yao , Liang Cui , Li Peng‐Cheng , Zhang Yi‐Wei , Feng Sheng‐Dong , Zhang Dian‐Hong , Yao Rui , Yang Lu‐Lu , Hao Zheng‐Yang , Zhang Hao , Tian Xiao‐Xu , Guo Chen‐Ran , Du Bin‐Bin , Dong Jian‐Zeng , Zhang Yan‐Zhou
Published: October 2022

Background

Restenosis is one of the main bottlenecks in restricting the further development of cardiovascular interventional therapy. New signaling molecules involved in the progress have continuously been discovered; however, the specific molecular mechanisms remain unclear. MTMR14 (myotubularin‐related protein 14) is a novel phosphoinositide phosphatase that has a variety of biological functions and is involved in diverse biological processes. However, the role of MTMR14 in vascular biology remains unclear. Herein, we addressed the role of MTMR14 in neointima formation and vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) proliferation after vessel injury.

Methods and Results

Vessel injury models were established using SMC‐specific conditional MTMR14‐knockout and ‐transgenic mice. Neointima formation was assessed by histopathological methods, and VSMC proliferation and migration were assessed using fluorescence ubiquitination‐based cell cycle indicator, transwell, and scratch wound assay. Neointima formation and the expression of MTMR14 was increased after injury. MTMR14 deficiency accelerated neointima formation and promoted VSMC proliferation after injury, whereas MTMR14 overexpression remarkably attenuated this process. Mechanistically, we demonstrated that MTMR14 suppressed the activation of PLK1 (polo‐like kinase 1) by interacting with it, which further leads to the inhibition of the activation of MEK/ERK/AKT (mitogen‐activated protein kinase kinase/extracellular‐signal‐regulated kinase/protein kinase B), thereby inhibiting the proliferation of VSMC from the medial to the intima and thus preventing neointima formation.

Conclusions

MTMR14 prevents neointima formation and VSMC proliferation by inhibiting PLK1. Our findings reveal that MTMR14 serves as an inhibitor of VSMC proliferation and establish a link between MTMR14 and PLK1 in regulating VSMC proliferation. MTMR14 may become a novel potential therapeutic target in the treatment of restenosis.
How Much Risk Should the United States Run in the South China Sea?
Authors: Fravel M. Taylor , Glaser Charles L.
Published: October 2022

How strenuously, and at what risk, should the United States resist China's efforts to dominate the South China Sea? An identification of three options along a continuum—from increased resistance to China's assertive policies on one end to a partial South China Sea retrenchment on the other, with current U.S. policy in the middle—captures the choices facing the United States. An analysis of China's claims and behavior in the South China Sea and of the threat that China poses to U.S. interests concludes that the United States' best option is to maintain its current level of resistance to China's efforts to dominate the South China Sea. China has been cautious in pursuing its goals, which makes the risks of current policy acceptable. Because U.S. security interests are quite limited, a significantly firmer policy, which would generate an increased risk of a high-intensity war with China, is unwarranted. If future China's actions indicate its determination has significantly increased, the United State should, reluctantly, end its military resistance to Chinese pursuit of peacetime control of the South China Sea and adopt a policy of partial South China Sea retrenchment.
Small Satellites, Big Data: Uncovering the Invisible in Maritime Security
Authors: Pekkanen Saadia M. , Aoki Setsuko , Mittleman John
Published: October 2022

Data from small satellites are rapidly converging with high-speed, high-volume computational analytics. “Small satellites, big data” (SSBD) changes the ability of decision-makers to persistently see and address an array of international security challenges. An analysis of these technologies shows how they can support decisions to protect or advance national and commercial interests by detecting, attributing, and classifying harmful, hostile, or unlawful maritime activities. How might the military, law enforcement, and intelligence communities respond to maritime threats if these new technologies eliminate anonymity at sea? The emerging evidence presented on maritime activities is intertwined with national security (e.g., territorial and resource claims, sanctions violations, and terrorist attacks), legal and illicit businesses (e.g., illegal fishing, trafficking, and piracy), and other concerns (e.g., shipping and transit, chokepoints, and environmental damage). The ability of SSBD technologies to observe and catch wrongdoing is important for governments as well as the commercial, academic, and nongovernmental sectors that have vested interests in maritime security, sustainable oceans, and the rule of law at sea. But findings indicate that transparency alone is unlikely to deter misconduct or change the behavior of powerful states.
Recent Increase of Spring Precipitation over the Three-River Headwaters Region—Water Budget Analysis Based on Global Reanalysis (ERA5) and ET-Tagging Extended Regional Climate Modeling
Authors: Shang Shasha , Arnault Joël , Zhu Gaofeng , Chen Huiling , Wei Jianhui , Zhang Kun , Zhang Zhenyu , Laux Patrick , Kunstmann Harald
Published: October 2022

Precipitation change is critical for the Three-River Headwaters (TRH) region, which serves downstream communities in East Asia. The spring (March–May) precipitation over the TRH region shows an increasing trend from 1979 to 2018, as revealed by a Chinese gridded precipitation product (CN05.1). However, the physical processes responsible for this precipitation change are still unclear. This study investigated the characteristics of spring precipitation and the water budget over the TRH region using the ERA5 global reanalysis and the Weather Research and Forecast (WRF) Model. The WRF version employed in this study includes online calculations of the atmospheric water budget and an evapotranspiration (ET) tagging procedure to trace evapotranspired water in the atmosphere. Both ERA5 and WRF reproduce the spring precipitation increase. Moreover, WRFD02 (with a 3-km domain) reduces the wet bias by around 60% and 77% compared to WRFD01 (9 km) and ERA5 (30 km). Both ERA5 and WRF demonstrate that the increase of spring precipitation is dominated by moisture convergence, especially the atmospheric water fluxes from the southern boundary. The enhanced moisture inflow is sustained by enhanced mass flux while the enhanced moisture outflow is sustained by increased moisture. The ET-tagging results further demonstrate the weakened precipitation recycling process because of the significant increase of precipitation produced by external moisture. Compared to ERA5, the reduced wet bias with WRF is attributed to a better spatial resolution of orographic barrier effects, which reduce the southerly water fluxes. The results highlight the potential of regional climate downscaling to better represent the atmospheric water budget in complex terrain.
Sequels
Authors: Slochower Joyce
Published: October 2022

The termination ideal for analytic work stands at a considerable distance from clinical reality; “complete” terminations are rare indeed. This gap is perhaps best explored by considering sequels—instances in which ex-analyst and ex-patient become nonsexual friends post treatment. The meanings and implications of these post-termination friendships—their complexities, problematic edges, serious difficulties, and the potential therapeutic benefit of this deviation from the termination ideal—are illustrated using the unfinished story of a good treatment and its yet-to-be-defined ending. Thus, the psychoanalytic model of termination is interrogated, and the complexities of treatment sequels, for both patient and analyst, are elucidated.
Mission as Withness
Authors: Kaunda Chammah J.
Published: October 2022

Spiral mobility or flow is a good metaphor for contemporary global experience. Today’s life is precariously shaped by incessant cyclical movement from apocalypse to ‘post-apocalypse’ and from one post-apocalypse to another. There is no indication of what may be expected of the future. The future is in chaos. It appears that we are living through chaotic end times rather than experiencing mere gestures of the end times. A perpetual apocalypse seems the best way to describe the current reality. Therefore, Covid-19 seems to have been nothing but a mere reminder that we are on a sinking lifeboat. This article argues that in such an ever-wounded God’s world, African Pentecostalism has to shift the gear from mission as witness to mission as withness. The withness missiology can help in the process of re-discovering the theological and missiological meaning of life in an ever-wounded world and alternative ways of intercarnating into one another for the sake of common basic good of flourishing. It concludes that God’s Church is pneumatologically intended toward God’s world.
Partitioning the University of the Panjab, 1947
Authors: Bangash Yaqoob Khan , Virdee Pippa
Published: October 2022

In the summer of 1947, as preparations commenced for the partition of the province of Punjab in British India, the Lahore-based Panjab University became the site of a fierce debate concerning its future. Waged within, by its officials as well as between the members of the Punjab Partition Committee, this debate saw the Hindus and Sikhs among them wishing for a ‘physical’ partitioning of the university, while the Muslims wanted it to stay intact at Lahore, which was expected to fall in Pakistan. With no agreement forthcoming, and after references to the respective ‘national’ governments, the university remained where it was, while any ideas of academic cooperation between the two sides collapsed as a new ‘East Panjab University’ was established at Simla, India. The debate over this new university, vis-à-vis its old counterpart, further carved out the university as a space of not just education but one of exhibiting new-found sovereignty and creating a staff/student-citizenry, in those partitioned times.
Utilizing the collective wisdom of fintech in the gcc region: A systematic mapping approach
Authors: Khan Sulaiman , Khan Habib Ullah , Nazir Shah
Published: October 2022

Globally, with the maturity of information technology, society is now in the information age, magnifying the significance of integrating innovative applications in different financial and other regulatory arenas. The emergence of financial technology (FinTech) based applications has transformed the traditional banking and regulatory systems and enhanced customer satisfaction by providing a balanced environment for protecting its customers from risky behavior or other potential disruptions. Besides these critical applications of FinTech in the financial industry, it is not developed in the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) region as in China, United States, and other developed countries. In order to bridge the gaps in the extant by identifying the critical factors involved, this research work presents a systematic analysis of the available literature reported during the period ranging from 2016 to 2021. This systematic mapping of the extant was performed by selecting five different research questions. The key objectives of this systematic research work are, (1) To identify the barriers that restrict the rise of FinTech in the GCC region, (2) Analyze the behavior of different communities regarding the adaptation of FinTech by evaluating the case studies reported, (3) the impacts of FinTech on different communities in the GCC region. (4) The findings of this research work will not only help the state development bodies by encouraging its stakeholders to use FinTech-driven applications in banking, markets, etc. but it will also help the people in maintaining long-term connection with the Ministries of Foreign Affairs, the Dutch regulators, Economic Affairs, the Dutch Central Bank (DNB), as well as with the Authority on Financial Markets (AFM), and (5) this study work will present new research directions for the research community to explore in the near future.
Defining Key Performance Indicators for the California COVID-19 Exposure Notification System (CA Notify)
Authors: Aronoff-Spencer Eliah , Nebeker Camille , Wenzel Alexander T. , Nguyen Kevin , Kunowski Rachel , Zhu Mingjia , Adamos Gary , Goyal Ravi , Mazrouee Sepideh , Reyes Aaron , May Nicole , Howard Holly , Longhurst Christopher A. , Malekinejad Mohsen
Published: October 2022

Objectives:

Toward common methods for system monitoring and evaluation, we proposed a key performance indicator framework and discussed lessons learned while implementing a statewide exposure notification (EN) system in California during the COVID-19 epidemic.

Materials and Methods:

California deployed the Google Apple Exposure Notification framework, branded CA Notify, on December 10, 2020, to supplement traditional COVID-19 contact tracing programs. For system evaluation, we defined 6 key performance indicators: adoption, retention, sharing of unique codes, identification of potential contacts, behavior change, and impact. We aggregated and analyzed data from December 10, 2020, to July 1, 2021, in compliance with the CA Notify privacy policy.

Results:

We estimated CA Notify adoption at nearly 11 million smartphone activations during the study period. Among 1 654 201 CA Notify users who received a positive test result for SARS-CoV-2, 446 634 (27%) shared their unique code, leading to ENs for other CA Notify users who were in close proximity to the SARS-CoV-2–positive individual. We identified at least 122 970 CA Notify users as contacts through this process. Contact identification occurred a median of 4 days after symptom onset or specimen collection date of the user who received a positive test result for SARS-CoV-2.

Practice Implications:

Smartphone-based EN systems are promising new tools to supplement traditional contact tracing and public health interventions, particularly when efficient scaling is not feasible for other approaches. Methods to collect and interpret appropriate measures of system performance must be refined while maintaining trust and privacy.
Long-Term Results of a Multimodal Treatment Regimen in Patients With Auricular Keloids
Authors: Häussler Daniel , Hüttemann Stefanie , Brom Jörn , Rotter Nicole , Sadick Haneen
Published: October 2022

Objectives: The treatment of auricular keloids is challenging, as they tend to recur; further, the treatment may impact quality of life and implies cosmetic and functional impairment for each patient. There is no standardized therapeutic concept established, and the literature is lacking long-term results of available treatment modalities. Methods: Patients suffering from auricular keloids were included in the study. All patients had undergone surgical resection, intralesional injection of triamcinolone acetonide (TAC), and the application of an individual pressure splint. Quality of life (QoL) was assessed using the keloid intervention benefit inventory 21 (KIBI-21). Further analysis was carried out for patients without (group 1) and with (group 2) recurrence of the keloid. Results: In total, 50 keloids with a mean follow-up period of 59 months (range 6–137 months) could be analyzed. In nine cases (18%), a keloid recurrence was found during the observation period. The assessment of QoL differed significantly between study groups at P = 0.04, as well as for the subcategories General Health (GH) and Physical Health (PH). No differences were found for the categories Social Impact (SI) and Self-Esteem (SE). Conclusions: The multimodal subsequent treatment regimen consisting of surgical resection, intralesional TAC injection, and the application of an individual magnetic pressure splint shows good results concerning long-term recurrence rates. The treatment method shows positive effects on the QoL, especially in the measured categories GH and PH.
Sentiment analysis using lexico-semantic features
Authors: Mohd Mudasir , Javeed Saheeba , Nowsheena  , Wani Mohsin Altaf , Khanday Hilal Ahmad
Published: October 2022

Sentiment analysis of the text deals with the mining of the opinions of people from their written communication. With the increasing usage of online social media platforms for user interactions, abundant opinionated textual data emerges. Therefore, it leads to increased mining of opinions and sentiments and hence greater interest in sentiment analysis. The article introduces the novel Lexico-Semantic features and their use in the sentiment polarity task of English language text. These features are derived using the semantic extension of the lexicons by employing sentiment lexicons and semantic models. These features make data sample size consistent when used in deep learning settings, thereby eliminating the zero padding. For evaluation, we use different semantic models and lexicons to determine the role and impact of Lexico-Semantic features in classification performance. These features, along with the other features, are used to train the different classifiers. Our experimental evaluation shows that introducing Lexico-Semantic features to various state-of-the-art methods of both machine and deep learning improves the overall performance of classifiers.
EchoRead Programme: Learning echolocation skills through self-paced professional development during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Read Leah , Deverell Lil
Published: October 2022

Echolocation is used by people with low vision or blindness to support their navigation. Internationally, Orientation and Mobility (O&M) Specialists have learned echolocation skills and how to teach them to clients, through formal workshops with a subject matter expert. However, COVID-19 has limited access to these in-person professional development opportunities. This study investigated whether an O&M professional could learn echolocation skills in a self-paced programme with only the support of a lay assistant. We developed the EchoRead Programme to equip an individual O&M Specialist to learn basic echolocation skills in 4 hours. This auto-ethnographical perspective describes how the draft programme was trialled by one trainee O&M Specialist in her home and local neighbourhood. She developed sufficient skills to complete most of the seated, standing, and walking tasks in the programme, but needed more support developing tongue-clicking and recognising driveways when shorelining fences. She found it was important to use learning environments that were graduated in physical and audio complexity. The EchoRead Programme was then trialled and revised by an experienced O&M Specialist, beginning at home, then exploring a range of venues available within a 5 km radius – the roaming range allowed during COVID lockdown. The resulting EchoRead Programme can equip O&M professionals to be self-directed in learning early echolocation skills, using online and locally available resources. This programme could be especially useful for vision professionals and their clients, who have limited access to in-person learning opportunities with colleagues or peers because of geographical isolation, low resources, or a global pandemic.
Single-port laparoscopy versus conventional laparoscopy of benign adnexal masses during pregnancy: a retrospective case–control study
Authors: Chen Sishi , Zhang Ganrong , Hua Keqin , Ding Jingxin
Published: October 2022

Objective

To compare operative outcomes between single-port laparoscopy (SPL) and conventional laparoscopy (CL) to remove adnexal masses during pregnancy.

Methods

This retrospective case–control study included all patients who had undergone laparoscopic removal of benign adnexal masses during pregnancy between October 2010 and January 2020. Multiple clinical characteristics and operative outcomes were retrospectively analysed and compared between patients who had undergone SPL versus CL, including cosmetic satisfaction with the scar, measured on a 10-point scale (10 indicating very satisfied).

Results

A total of 64 patients were included (SPL, n = 22; and CL, n = 42). Overall scar satisfaction scores significantly favoured SPL versus CL (9.1 ± 1.7 versus 8.1 ± 1.3, respectively), however, surgery duration was significantly longer for SPL than CL (69.2 ± 21.0 min versus 54.7 ± 20.7 min). No incisional hernia was detected in the study. Operative blood loss, decrease in estimated haemoglobin level, length of hospital stay, and hospitalization expenses were comparable between the two groups. Pregnancy and fetal outcomes were not remarkably different.

Conclusion

For removal of benign adnexal masses during pregnancy, SPL may offer superior cosmetic satisfaction versus CL, and was not associated with additional perioperative danger, economic burden, or adverse pregnancy and neonatal outcomes.
Investigation of LVRT capability of wind driven dual excited synchronous generator
Authors: Yassin Haitham Mahmoud , Abdel Wahab Ramadan Ragab , Hanafy Hanafy Hassan
Published: October 2022

This paper proposes an effective control technique for low voltage ride through (LVRT) capability in dual excited synchronous generator (DESG) wind turbines. The proposed control technique is dependent on controlling the field circuit parameters. Where the active power is controlled by the field-current space phasor magnitude and the reactive power is controlled by the field-voltage space phasor phase. With the proposed control strategy, the DESG can generate additional reactive power to support grid voltage recovery under grid faults. The DC-link voltage is kept within an acceptable limit since the excess power, due to the power mismatch between the mechanical and armature power is stored in the generator inertia. Using the proposed control strategy, the DESG can enhance the LVRT capability efficiently without using extra protection circuits or any additional control techniques during fault conditions. To test the proposed control method, simulation, and experimental results for a 1.1 kW DESG wind turbine system were obtained.
Disclosure policy choice, stock returns and information asymmetry: Evidence from capital expenditure announcements
Authors: Chen Jianguo , Smith David
Published: October 2022

This article investigates whether firms commit ex-ante to higher levels of investment transparency and the impact of transparency on stock returns and information asymmetry. We construct a novel measure of investment transparency based upon the extensiveness of profitability forecasts and cost disclosures in new project-level capital investment announcements. Using cross-sectional regression, we find that prior to announcement greater investment transparency is associated with lower information asymmetry. We further show that rather than reporting information strategically on a project-by-project basis, managers commit ex-ante to a disclosure policy that influences the disclosure level of new project announcements, and that a firm-level commitment to fuller disclosure reduces information asymmetry in the days surrounding the announcement. Using event study methodology, we also find that investors react more positively to announcements displaying greater investment transparency.

JEL Classification:

G14, D83, G31, G30, G38
A review on critical aspects of thermal shocks and thermal cycles in fiber reinforced polymer composites
Authors: Jamshidi Zahra , Hejazi Sayyed Mahdi , Sheikhzadeh Mohammad , Alirezazadeh Azam
Published: October 2022

Fiber reinforced polymer composites (FRPCs) have gained great progress in a wide range of applications from construction and building structures to automobile and vehicle systems. During the operational lifetime, some FRPCs are exposed to various environmental conditions such as thermal cycles and thermal shocks. Fluctuation of the ambient temperature in the forms of thermal shocks or thermal cycles is one of the most important factors that deteriorate the durability and performance of the FRPCs. Compared to ceramic composites, less attention has been paid to the effects of thermal shocks and thermal cycles on the physical/mechanical properties of FRPCs. A comprehensive insight for the future advancements in this field is essential to possibly reduce the failure risks of FRPCs under thermal shocks and thermal cycles. The present work provides a comprehensive review on the physical/mechanical behavior of FRPCs under thermal cycles and thermal shocks. This work also provides a broad review on several factors that determines mechanical behavior of FRPCs, such as polymeric matrix, fiber type, incorporated nanofillers and fiber/polymer interface. Recent studies denoting important aspects and possible problems in mechanical performance of FRPCs under thermal shocks are also summarized.
Time Saver or Time Sapper? An Examination of Body-Worn Camera Impact on Case Disposition Timelines
Authors: Pimley Nicholas , Parks Megan , Makin David A.
Published: October 2022

In the last few years, a considerable volume of body-worn camera (BWC) studies has evaluated to what extent this technology influences a range of policing outcomes. However, to date, a limited body of research explores how the implementation of this technology influences court-based outcomes. Using interrupted series analysis, and a sample of 13,000 incidents from a small police department, this research evaluates to what extent the implementation of BWCs impacted the adjudication process through an analysis of time to disposition, rate of convictions, and rate of dismissals. The results of our study show partial support for claims being made about the impact of BWCs on the court system. Namely, the number of incidents being referred for prosecution and the number of guilty decisions being reached saw a marginal increase after the implementation of BWCs. Additionally, the number of days to complete adjudication saw a decrease overall during the post-implementation period. The policy implications of these findings are discussed.
Finite Element Model refinement of powertrain mount brackets for estimating natural frequencies
Authors: Li Xing-Quan , Pang Jian , Yang Liang , Jia Xiao-Li , Lu Gang , Yin Zhi-Hong , Shangguan Wen-Bin
Published: October 2022

Natural frequencies of powertrain mount brackets have great influences on NVH (Noise, Vibration, Harshness) performances of a Powertrain Mount System. Usually, large relative error between the measured- and the estimated natural frequencies using finite element analysis existed. In this paper, a methodology to refine the mount bracket finite element model is proposed based on global response surface method and optimization methods. The material parameters uncertainty and the constraint boundary (bolt joint) are taken into account for model update parameters, since they are the main factors affecting the accuracy of the calculated natural frequencies of bracket. The material parameters are optimized by minimizing the errors between calculated and measured un-constrained natural frequencies of the mount bracket. The bolt joint are modeled using the equivalent stiffness of spring element that are optimized by minimizing the deviations between the calculated and measured constrained natural frequencies of the bracket. Another mount bracket is used to obtain natural frequencies calculated using the refined finite element model and measured, and the comparisons of the calculated versus the measured natural frequencies shown that the refined finite element model of mount bracket with identified material parameters and boundary stiffness values exhibits high prediction precision for estimating natural frequencies of the brackets. This indicates that the proposed finite element model refinement methodology for mount bracket is effective and can help the NVH engineers to design larger natural frequencies of mount brackets.
Celebrating Emotion: A Study of Rasa in Qutban Suhravardi’s Mirigavati or The Magic Doe
Authors: Verma Ishita , Manna Nirban
Published: October 2022

Sufism began as a movement in Indian literature during the medieval period. It was during this period that a number of Sufi poets began writing in the vernacular and a new genre known as the ‘Prema kahāni’ or love story was developed. This genre, written in Hindavi, was a major development in the field of Sufi romances and marks the beginning of a new movement in the literary and devotional culture of the regional language. One of the most important features of these romances is that they are replete with emotions of love and devotion towards God. Sufi writers express these emotions through what the Sanskritic theory refers to as rasa or bhāva. The present article aims to bring out the various rasas or emotions generated by the Sufi romance Mirigavati or The Magic Doe by Qutban Suhravardi in the minds of the readers as they read this romance.
From Yu–suf al-Bas.r to Judah Halevi: The Sadduceean Myth of the Origins of Karaism in Medieval Rabbanite Sources Revisited
Authors: Zawanowska Marzena
Published: October 2022

Two main historiographic motifs invented in the Middle Ages have dominated all later Jewish historical reconstructions of the origins of Karaism. One connects it with the activity of ‘Anan ben David, while the other associates the Karaites with the Sadducees.

The aim of the article is to revisit the question of the origins of the Sadduceean motif and Halevi’s role in its creation. Accordingly, its purpose is not to explore the actual relationship between the Karaites and the Sadducees, but the way in which medieval Jews imagined this relationship, especially in terms of the Karaites’ past and the beginnings of their movement. It argues that against his explicit statements to the contrary, Halevi contributed to the establishment of a direct, historical link between the Karaites and the Sadducees.

In addition, the article demonstrates that when creating his narrative on the emergence of Karaism, Halevi might have been inspired by Karaite sources such as Yūsuf al-Baṣīr’s Book of Precepts. It offers an analysis of a relevant passage of this legal Code through an attempt to reconstruct a complex process of cross-sectoral interchanges and transfers of ideas behind the creation of the Sadduceean myth of the origins of Karaism.
Book review: Jyoti Gulati Balachandran, Narrative Pasts: The Making of a Muslim Community in Gujarat, c. 1400-1650
Authors: Prange Sebastian R.
Published: October 2022

Jyoti Gulati Balachandran, Narrative Pasts: The Making of a Muslim Community in Gujarat, c. 1400-1650. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2020, pp. 248. ISBN: 9780190123994 (Hardcover).
Development and Validation of Yoga Protocol for Patients with Depression
Authors: K.S. Dhamodhini , K. Maheshkumar , Silambanan Santhi , Kantipudi Suvarna Jyothi , Sathianathan R. , R. Padmavathi
Published: October 2022

Background:

Scientific evidence suggests that yoga is beneficial for treating mental health disorders. To the best of our knowledge, minimal studies have been done on the development of a yoga module for the specific clinical aspects of depression and there is no particular study on yoga protocol development for mild depression and moderate depression.

Purpose:

The primary aim of this study is to develop specific yoga protocol modules for treating patients affected with mild and moderate depression.

Methods:

Yoga protocols for treating mild and moderate depression were developed using classical yoga texts, previous literature, and with the help of yoga experts. 26 practices for mild depression and 35 practices for moderate depression were identified, each of which was scored as (a) not essential, (b) useful but not essential, and (c) essential, and content validity ratio (CVR) determined using Lawshe’s formula for the validation.

Results:

Expert’s opinion revealed that 13 out of 28 practices and 12 out of 35 practices showed significant CVR (>0.60) for mild and moderate depression.

Conclusions:

The yoga practices developed based on experts’ opinion is the first step toward the development of a validated protocol for mild and moderate depression. This will be assessed for its effectiveness through a randomized controlled study to confirm the module’s efficiency.
A Survey of Bone Grafting Practice Patterns in North American Cleft Surgeons
Authors: Qamar Fatima , Cray James J. , Halsey Jordan , Rottgers S. Alex
Published: October 2022

Introduction

Alveolar bone grafting aims to restore bony continuity of the alveolus and provide optimal periodontal support for teeth adjacent to the cleft. We created a survey of cleft surgeons to assess the current standard of care regarding this procedure.

Methods

A multiple choice survey was implemented using Qualtrics software and emailed to a list of 708 surgeons from the ACPA membership directory. Correlation between various provider factors and treatment practices was assessed with Fisher's exact test and likelihood ratio tests.

Results

The response rate was 17.5%. Eighty-seven percent of providers preferred to perform grafts prior to secondary canine eruption while 10% favored before central incisor eruption. Eighty-one percent favored palatal expansion prior to bone grafting. Wide variability existed regarding the time to initiate postoperative orthodontics; 43% waited 4 to 6 months. Sixty-four percent of surgeons now utilize cone beam CT to assess graft take. The majority of respondents utilized cancellous bone autograft (92%) from the anterior iliac crest (97%) as graft material. Seventy percent used three or more modalities for post-operative pain control management. Early career surgeons (0–5 years) appeared more likely to use non-autologous materials ( p < .01) for grafting.

Conclusion

Alveolar bone grafting prior to secondary canine eruption remains the most common strategy but other protocols are employed. Surgeons utilize multiple modalities for radiographic evaluation and most often use autologous cancellous bone as the primary grafting material. There is no true consensus on the perioperative timing and sequencing of orthodontic manipulation while principles of multimodal perioperative pain control appear widely accepted.
Risk Factors for Prolonged Opioid Use Following Total Hip Arthroplasty and Total Knee Arthroplasty: A Narrative Review of Recent Literature
Authors: VanIderstine Carter , Johnston Emily
Published: October 2022

Objective:

To provide pharmacists and other health care professionals with the knowledge required to minimize the risk of prolonged opioid use following total hip arthroplasty (THA) and total knee arthroplasty (TKA).

Data Sources:

A literature search of PubMed and Embase was performed, and included the search terms: (opioid OR opiate OR opium) AND (risk factor OR predict*) AND (arthroplasty OR replacement) NOT shoulder.

Study Selection and Data Extraction:

Randomized control trials, cohort studies (both prospective and retrospective), systematic reviews, and meta-analyses were included if risk ratios (RRs) or odds ratios (ORs) were reported and published within the last 5 years.

Data Synthesis:

]Twenty studies met inclusion criteria, including 2 meta-analyses and 2 prospective studies. There were several risk factors that overlapped between studies and presented clinically significant risks for prolonged opioid use following THA and TKA surgery. Of these, age < 65 (RRs: 1.15-9.36), preoperative opioid use (RRs: 1.09-7.81), larger quantities of opioids prescribed at discharge (RRs: 1.26-8.81), and TKA surgery (RRs: 1.73-6.07) were the most significant. Several risk factors were recently described, including migraines (RRs: 1.14-5.11) and fibromyalgia (RRs: 1.1-2.3) that may be of interest for further research.

Relevance to Patient Care and Clinical Practice:

This review presents a discussion of the factors associated with prolonged opioid use following THA and TKA surgeries, which are among the most common orthopedic surgeries.

Conclusions:

Prescribers should carefully consider patient-specific factors when prescribing opioids as there are several factors, including age, surgery type, and medical conditions that can predispose patients to prolonged opioid use.
Professional Development: Improving Teachers’ Knowledge and Self-Efficacy Related to Emotional and Behavioral Disorders
Authors: Alkahtani Keetam D. F.
Published: October 2022

Teachers should possess adequate knowledge of emotional and behavioral disorders (EBDs) to effectively meet the unique needs of students with EBDs. This study explored the implementation and outcomes of a professional development training program on EBDs. In addition, the study examined outcomes concerning the knowledge of in-service teachers about EBDs and their self-efficacy in working with students with EBDs. This study recruited 81 general education teachers from two Saudi Arabia elementary schools, assigned under the intervention or waitlist control groups. Measures of knowledge and self-efficacy in EBDs were obtained at baseline, immediately after training, and at 5 weeks follow-up. The results demonstrated that teacher knowledge and self-efficacy in working with students with EBDs significantly improved as a result of the training program. In addition, the study observed that teacher efficacy was significantly correlated with their knowledge of EBDs. Improving teacher knowledge and self-efficacy through professional development training will mainly increase their ability and willingness to teach students with EBDs successfully in an inclusive learning environment.
Pancreatoblastoma in Elderly Adults: Report of Two Patients
Authors: Kulak Ozlem , Osipov Arsen , Hendifar Andrew E. , Nissen Nicholas N. , Cox Brian K. , Hruban Ralph H. , Hutchings Danielle A.
Published: October 2022

Introduction. Pancreatoblastoma is a rare malignant epithelial neoplasm of the pancreas, which often shows multiple lines of differentiation, but is defined by neoplastic cells with acinar differentiation and characteristic squamoid nests. Pediatric patients are most commonly affected, and although a subset is known to occur in adults, the diagnosis is rarely considered in elderly adults. Methods. The clinicopathologic features of two cases of pancreatoblastoma in elderly patients were examined. Results. Two patients (age 80 and 81 years) presented with pancreatoblastoma, including one with early-stage pancreatic disease and one with liver metastasis. Biopsies and one pancreatic resection specimen showed characteristic histomorphologic features, including prominent acinar differentiation and abundant squamoid nests. Both cases had complete loss of SMAD4 (DPC4) immunolabeling. Next generation sequencing was performed on one case and revealed copy number loss of chromosome 11p and 9p21 ( CDKN2A/B) and pathogenic or likely pathogenic variants in APC, SMAD4, and PIK3CA. The APC and SMAD4 variants occurred at allele frequencies suggestive of germline mutations, raising the possibility that this patient may have an inherited cancer predisposition syndrome. Conclusions. We present two cases which extend the upper age limit for reported pancreatoblastoma, including one with genetic findings suggestive of an inherited cancer predisposition syndrome.
Uterine Leiomyosarcoma Masquerading as a Malignant Perivascular Epithelioid Cell Tumor: A Diagnostic Challenge
Authors: Natsume Takashi , Yoshida Hiroshi , Nishikawa Tadaaki , Kikkawa Nao , Naka Tomoaki , Kobayashi-Kato Mayumi , Tanase Yasuhito , Uno Masaya , Ishikawa Mitsuya , Kato Tomoyasu
Published: October 2022

Uterine sarcomas with myomelanocytic differentiation have been reported to be diagnostically challenging. We report a case of uterine leiomyosarcoma with extensive perivascular epithelioid cell tumor (PEComa)-like areas and extrauterine metastases. The patient was a 49-year-old gravida 3 para 2 Japanese woman with no relevant medical history. She noticed a vaginal mass with bleeding. Imaging examination revealed a uterine tumor and multiple liver and lung metastases. The vaginal tumor (3.5 cm) was resected and diagnosed as a malignant PEComa based on morphology and myomelanocytic marker expression. Clinically used targeted sequencing (FoundationOneCDx™) revealed gene alterations in RB1, TP53, and ATRX but not TSC1/2. Despite administration of an mTOR inhibitor, the tumor size increased, and subsequently, hysterectomy was performed to relieve the symptoms. The uterine tumor was composed of conventional leiomyosarcoma showing RB1 loss, wild-type TP53 staining, and retained ATRX expression, as well as adjacent predominant PEComa-like components with RB1 loss, TP53 overexpression, and ATRX loss, identical to the characteristics of the vaginal tumor. In the uterine tumor, both HMB-45 and MITF were weak to moderately positive for approximately 40% of tumor cells while Melan-A was negative. The tumor was finally diagnosed as leiomyosarcoma with PEComa-like features. This case exemplifies the tumorigenesis of diagnostically challenging tumors with myomelanocytic differentiation and demonstrates the importance of integrating multiple types of information, including genomic profiling, in making a correct diagnosis leading to appropriate treatment.
College Student Perceptions of the Root Causes of Sexual Violence Before and After a Curricular Intervention
Authors: Liddell Jessica L. , Sheffield Sydney Mei , Johnson Katherine M. , Lederer Alyssa M.
Published: October 2022

Campus sexual violence is prevalent and consequential. After a climate survey at our university revealed high rates of sexual violence, a semester-long academic course was designed as a curricular intervention for first-year students. This study examines an assignment completed at the beginning and end of the course. Students were asked: “What are the root causes of sexual violence?” Thematic analysis of papers revealed that many students altered or expanded their thinking to more complex, structural factors compared to their initial perceptions. An academic course may broaden students’ understanding of the determinants of sexual violence.