bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Beyond aesthetics: The long take as the nation-form in the cinema of Lav Diaz
Authors: Garcia Elio
Published: December 2021

This article argues that the extreme long take of Lav Diaz is not only his aesthetic method but also his ideological position as a filmmaker of Third Cinema, reinstating the theory’s critical arsenal in opposing the violent structure of the postcolonial nation state. It maintains that the Diaz shot is isomorphic to the nation-form and has two political dimensions: first, the extreme duration of the shot is Diaz’s resistance to the imperialism of mainstream cinema and its debilitating effects by employing ‘dead time’ which creates restlessness and reflexivity that disrupt absorption to enable a mode of critical spectatorship; second, the Diaz shot is a critique on Philippine postcolonial society which can be understood by examining the triadic structure of space, time and body. Using the film Mula sa Kung Ano Ang Noon (From What Is Before) (2014), this article proposes an anatomy of the shot as a unitary system of environment, duration and progression of actions, labouring bodies of subalterns in the state of bare life. It expands the possibility of the long take from the narrowly held study of time and space to include a study of bodies.
Komunitas Gastropoda Mangrove di Sungai Perpat dan Bunting, Kecamatan Belinyu, Kabupaten Bangka
Authors: Yuliawati Eka , Afriyansyah Budi , Mujiono Nova
Published: December 2021

Mangrove gastropod community in Perpat and Bunting Rivers, Belinyu District, Bangka Regency. Perpat and Bunting in Bangka Regency have an adequate and natural mangrove ecosystems. However, studies on the structure of the gastropod community in this ecosystem is lacking. This study aimed to discover the structure of the gastropod community in the mangrove ecosystem. This study was carried out from October to November 2019 in riverine mangrove area located in Perpat and Bunting Rivers, District Belinyu, Bangka Regency. Samples were taken from 10 x 10 m plot from six observed stations. A total of 578 individuals of gastropoda were collected, comprised of seven families and 14 species. Number of species ranged from 4 to 9, while number of individuals ranged from 35 to 214. Cerithidea quoyii was a dominant species with 270 individuals (47%) and found in all stations. Gastropods community was in labile condition and prone to environmental change. Species composition of gastropods were similar in both rivers with nine identical species. However, epifaunal species were found separately from arboreal species
Population structure and relative growth of rock snails Reishia bitubercularis (Gastropoda: Muricidae) from Ambon Island, Eastern Indonesia
Authors: Islami Muhammad Masrur , Nendissa Francy , Tala Daniel Josef
Published: December 2021

The present study reports and discusses population structure and morphometric relationships of muricid Reishia bitubercularis in two populations from Ambon Island, Maluku. Field sampling was conducted at two locations with typical hard substrate i.e. Ambon Bay and Central Maluku, where each location comprises three different stations. Morphometric relationships were analyzed for shell dimensions i.e., shell length (SL), shell width (SW), shell height (SH) and total weight (TW). A total of 496 individuals of R. bitubercularis were collected in both locations. SL ranged from 7.07 to 42.38 mm in Ambon Bay, and 12.45 to 42.69 mm in Central Maluku. The highest number of individuals in Ambon Bay and Central Maluku was in size 26-28 mm and 30-32 mm, respectively. The mean SW/SL ratio ranged from 0.67 mm to 0.73 mm. Sex ratio was significantly different from 1:1, with females outnumbered males in both locations. Morphometric relationships indicated SL grows faster than SW in both locations and faster than SH and TW in Central Maluku. While the growth rate between SL vs SH; and TW vs SL are relatively similar in Ambon Bay. Overall, both Ambon Bay and Central Maluku have a similar variation of abiotic factors which also play an important role in shell morphometrics and relative growth of muricids, especially related to the exposed area in the rocky intertidal zone where sampling was conducted.
Bioakumulasi Merkuri (Hg) pada Lamun Enhalus acoroides dan Mangrove Rhizophora apiculata di Pulau Pari, Kepulauan Seribu
Authors: Simbolon Anna Rejeki , Purbonegoro Triyoni
Published: December 2021

Bioaccumulation of Mercury (Hg) in Seagrass Enhalus acoroides and Mangrove Rhizophora apiculata in Pari Island, Seribu Islands.  Heavy metal pollution, especially Hg metal in Jakarta Bay, is feared to have a negative impact on the quality of the waters around the Jakarta Bay waters, one of which is Pari Island in the Thousand Islands. Seagrass and mangroves plants distributed surrounding Pari Island can be used as indicators of heavy metal pollution. The value of bioaccumulation and translocation of Hg metal factors will provide an overview of the ability of plants to accumulate heavy metals in their surroundings. This study aims to determine the bioaccumulation and translocation of the heavy metal Hg factor in Enhalus acoroides seagrass and Rhizophora apiculata mangroves on Pari Island, Seribu Islands. Seagrass and mangrove samples were taken at five sampling points through purposive sampling. The bioaccumulation value was calculated using the ratio of the metal concentrations in each part of the plant body and sediment. Meanwhile, the translocation factor value was calculated by the ratio of Hg concentration in each part of the plant body (roots/rhizomes, stems, and leaves). The results of this study indicate that the bioaccumulation value in seagrass is infinite (bioaccumulation factor, BAF=∞) and in mangroves is 1.57 (BAF>1). The highest translocation factor value in seagrass leaves is 3.86 (translocation factor, TF) >1) and in mangrove leaves is 2.84 (TF>1). This study shows that seagrass and mangrove plants are classified as good bio accumulator and hyperaccumulator plants and accumulate heavy metals, especially Hg in the upper part of their bodies, namely leaves
EVALUATING THE ECOPHYSIOLOGY OF SURVIVAL FOR MAPANIA CUSPIDATA (MIQ.) UITTIEN (CYPERACEAE) TRANSPLANTATION
Authors: Shabdin Zinnirah , Nori Hollena , Meekiong Kalu , Faiz Mohammad Fajaruddin Mohd
Published: December 2021

SHABDIN, Z., NORI, H., MEEKIONG, K. & FAIZ, M. F. M. 2021. Evaluating the ecophysiology of survival for Mapania cuspidata (Miq.) Uittien (Cyperaceae) transplantation. Reinwardtia 20(2): 69–75. — This study aimed to investigate the ecology of the sedge Mapania cuspidata at three different locations in East Malaysia, namely Gunung Gading, Matang and Bengoh, and the survival of M. cuspidata transplanted in pots exposed to different light intensities in Universiti Malaysia Sarawak, East Malaysia. The highest species density was recorded in Matang with a total density of 1.98 individuals/ha followed by Bengoh (1.42) and Gunung Gading (0.96). In these locations, the soil pH ranged from 4.9 in Bengoh to 5.7 in Matang where as soil organic matter content was between 3.47% in Bengoh and 8.68% in Gunung Gading. The highest light intensity was recorded in Matang with 0.94 kLux, and produced plants with the highest chorophyll content (64.8 SPAD value). This study found that the transplanted M. cuspidata had 90% survival over a four month experiment, produced ~ 8 new leaves, took an average of 15.8 days to produce a new leaf and had a chlorophyll content of ~30.3 SPAD value regardless of the intensity of light where the plants were exposed to. The findings of this study suggests that M. cuspidata can grow well in any light conditions and therefore it is also possible to transplant and re-establish other Mapania species in new location. It is hoped that the initiative to relocateother Mapania species of concervation concern will be effective if adequate post-harvest handling methods are practiced.
ETLINGERA COMOSA, A NEW SPECIES (ZINGIBERACEAE: ALPINIOIDEAE) FROM CENTRAL SULAWESI
Authors: Ardiyani Marlina , Ardi Wisnu Handoyo , Hutabarat Prima Wahyu Kusuma , Poulsen Axel Dalberg
Published: December 2021

ARDIYANI, M., ARDI, W. H., HUTABARAT, P. W. K. & POULSEN, A. D. 2021. Etlingera comosa, a new species (Zingiberaceae: Alpinioidea) from Central Sulawesi. Reinwardtia 20(2): 63−68. — Etlingera comosa Ardiyani & Ardi, a new and unusual species from Tentena, Central Sulawesi exhibiting terrestrial as well as epiphytic habit is described here. It is compared to the morphologically closest Etlingera sublimata A.D.Poulsen, but differs in having tufted sheath, bilobed and asymmetric ligule, loose peduncular bracts, densely pubescent fertile bracts and longer filament. Colour plates, notes on its conservation status and DNA barcode data for the new species are also provided.
Upper Cervical Compression Myelopathy Caused by the Retro-Odontoid Pseudotumor With Degenerative Osteoarthritis and Calcium Pyrophosphate Dihydrate Disease: A Case Report and Literature Review
Authors: Yurube Takashi , Iguchi Tetsuhiro , Kinoshita Keisuke , Sadamitsu Takashi , Kakutani Kenichiro
Published: December 2021

The retro-odontoid pseudotumor is often concurrent with atlantoaxial subluxation (AAS). Therefore, the pseudotumor is relatively common in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) but rare in primary osteoarthritis (OA). This is a case report of an elderly male patient suffering from neck pain and compression myelopathy caused by the craniocervical pseudotumor with OA but without atlantoaxial instability. He had long-lasting peripheral and spinal pain treated by nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. Imaging found upper cervical spondylosis without AAS or dynamic instability but with periodontoid calcifications and ossifications, suggesting calcium pyrophosphate dihydrate (CPPD) crystal deposition. Based on a comprehensive literature search and review, CPPD disease around the atlantodental joint is a possible contributor to secondary OA development and retro-odontoid pannus formation through chronic inflammation, which can be enough severe to induce compression myelopathy in non-RA patients without AAS. The global increase in the aged population advises caution regarding more prevalent upper cervical spine disorders associated with OA and CPPD.
Change in Patient-Reported Outcome Measures as Predictors of Revision Lumbar Decompression Procedures
Authors: Nolte Michael T. , Cha Elliot D.K. , Lynch Conor P. , Jacob Kevin C. , Patel Madhav R. , Geoghegan Cara E. , Jadczak Caroline N. , Mohan Shruthi , Singh Kern
Published: December 2021

Objective: To assess change in Patient-Reported Outcome Measures (PROM) as predictors for revision lumbar decompression (LD).Methods: Patients who underwent primary, single or multilevel LD were retrospectively reviewed. Patients were categorized according to whether or not they underwent revision LD within 2 years of the primary procedure. Visual analogue scale (VAS), Oswestry Disability Index (ODI), 12-item Short Form Health Survey and 12-item Veterans RAND physical component score (SF-12 PCS and VR-12 PCS), and Patient-Reported Outcome Measurement Information System physical function (PROMIS-PF) were recorded. Delta PROM scores were evaluated for differences between groups and as a risk factor for a revision LD.Results: The study included 135 patients, 91 undergoing a primary procedure only and 44 undergoing a primary and revision procedure. Matched patients did not demonstrate any significant differences in demographics or perioperative characteristics. Patients who underwent a revision had a mean time to revision of 7.4 ± 5.7 months. Primary cohort significantly improved for all PROMs (all p < 0.05), while the primary plus revision cohort significantly improved for VAS back, ODI, and PROMIS-PF (all p < 0.05). However, cohorts differed in VAS back and PROMIS-PF (p < 0.05). Delta PROMs were not a significant risk factor for revision except at 6 months for PROMIS-PF (p = 0.024).Conclusion: LD has been associated with reliable outcomes, but early identification of patients at risk for revision is critical. This study suggests that tools such as PROMIS-PF may serve a role in predicting who is at risk and the 6-month follow-up period may be valuable for counseling patients who are not experiencing improvement.
Outcomes of Transforaminal Lumbar Interbody Fusion Using Unilateral Versus Bilateral Interbody Cages
Authors: Lynch Conor P. , Cha Elliot D.K. , Rush III Augustus J. , Jadczak Caroline N. , Mohan Shruthi , Geoghegan Cara E. , Singh Kern
Published: December 2021

Objective: To assess the impact of bilateral versus unilateral interbody cages on outcomes for minimally invasive transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion (MIS TLIF) procedures.Methods: A retrospective review for primary, elective, single-level MIS TLIF procedures with bilateral posterior instrumentation from 2008–2020 was performed. Patients were grouped according to unilateral or bilateral interbody cage use. Procedures performed without static interbody cages or indicated for trauma, infection, malignancy were excluded. Patient-reported outcomes (PROs) included visual analogue scale (VAS), Oswestry Disability Index, 12-item Short Form health survey physical composite score (SF-12 PCS), PatientReported Outcome Measurement Information System physical function (PROMIS-PF). PROs were collected preoperatively and postoperatively. Change in PROs (Δ) was calculated and compared between groups. Achievement of minimum clinically important difference (MCID) was calculated using established values from the literature. Achievement rates were compared between groups using logistic regression.Results: The study included 151 patients, with 111 unilateral and 40 bilateral cage placements. Charlson Comorbidity Index, diabetes, and insurance status differed between groups (p < 0.050). Prevalence of degenerative and isthmic spondylolisthesis (both p ≤ 0.002), operative level (p = 0.003), and postoperative length of stay (p = 0.022) significantly differed between groups. The unilateral group had lower 1-year arthrodesis rates (p = 0.035). Preoperative VAS leg (p = 0.017) and SF-12 PCS (p = 0.045) were worse for the unilateral group. ΔPROMIS-PF was greater for the bilateral group at 2 years (p = 0.001). Majority of patients achieved an overall MCID for all PROs, except VAS leg (bilateral group).Conclusion: While preoperative status and postoperative arthrodesis rates differed, patients achieved an MCID at similar rates regardless of use of unilateral or bilateral cages.
Improvement in Neurogenic Bowel and Bladder Dysfunction Following Posterior Decompression Surgery for Cauda Equina Syndrome: A Prospective Cohort Study
Authors: Kanematsu Ryo , Hanakita Junya , Takahashi Toshiyuki , Minami Manabu , Inoue Tomoo , Miyasaka Kazuhiro , Shimauchi-Ohtaki Hiroya , Ueno Manabu , Honda Fumiaki
Published: December 2021

Objective: The mechanisms of neurogenic bowel dysfunction (NBD) and neurogenic bladder (NB), which are major consequences of spinal cord injury and occasionally degenerative lumbar disease. The following in patients with cauda equina syndrome who underwent posterior decompression surgery was investigated: (1) the preoperative prevalence of NBD and NB, measured using the Constipation Scoring System (CSS) and International Prostate Symptoms Score (IPSS); (2) the degree and timing of postoperative improvement of NBD and NB.Methods: We administered the CSS and IPSS in 93 patients before surgery and at 1, 3, 6, and 12 months postoperatively. We prospectively examined patient characteristics, Japanese Orthopaedic Association (JOA) score, and postoperative improvements in each score.Results: The prevalence of symptomatic defecation and urinary symptoms at admission were 37 patients (38.1%) and 31 patients (33.3%), respectively. Among the symptomatic patients with defecation problems, 12 patients had improved at 1 month, 13 at 3 months, 14 at 6 months, and 13 at 12 months postoperatively. Among the symptomatic patients with urinary problems, 5 patients improved at 1 month, 11 at 3 months, 6 at 6 months, and 10 at 1 year postoperatively. Comparing patients with improved versus unimproved in CSS, the degree of JOA score improvement was a significant prognosis factor (p < 0.05; odds ratio, 1.05).Conclusion: The prevalence of symptomatic defecation and urinary symptoms in patients with cauda equina syndrome was 38.1% and 33.3%, respectively. Decompression surgery improved symptoms in 30%–50%. These effects were first observed 1 month after the operation and persisted up to 1 year.
Indications for Nonsurgical Treatment of Thoracolumbar Spine Fractures: WFNS Spine Committee Recommendations
Authors: Peev Nikolay , Zileli Mehmet , Sharif Salman , Arif Shahswar , Brady Zarina
Published: December 2021

Thoracolumbar spine is the most injured spinal region in blunt trauma. Literature on the indications for nonoperative treatment of thoracolumbar fractures is conflicting. The purpose of this systematic review is to clarify the indications for nonsurgical treatment of thoracolumbar fractures. We conducted a systematic literature search between 2010 to 2020 on PubMed/MEDLINE, and Cochrane Central. Up-to-date literature on the indications for nonoperative treatment of thoracolumbar fractures was reviewed to reach an agreement in a consensus meeting of WFNS (World Federation of Neurosurgical Societies) Spine Committee. The statements were voted and reached a positive or negative consensus using the Delphi method. For all of the questions discussed, the literature search yielded 1,264 studies, from which 54 articles were selected for full-text review. Nine studies (4 trials, and 5 retrospective) evaluating 759 participants with thoracolumbar fractures who underwent nonoperative/surgery were included. Although, compression type and stable burst fractures can be managed conservatively, if there is major vertebral body damage, kyphotic angulation, neurological deficit, spinal canal compromise, surgery may be indicated. AO type B, C fractures are preferably treated surgically. Future research is necessary to tackle the relative paucity of evidence pertaining to patients with thoracolumbar fractures.
Regional Anesthesia for Lumbar Spine Surgery: Can It Be a Standard in the Future?
Authors: Lee Jae-Koo , Park Jong Hwa , Hyun Seung-Jae , Hodel Daniel , Hausmann Oliver N.
Published: December 2021

This paper is an overview of various features of regional anesthesia (RA) and aims to introduce spine surgeons unfamiliar with RA. RA is commonly used for procedures that involve the lower extremities, perineum, pelvic girdle, or lower abdomen. However, general anesthesia (GA) is preferred and most commonly used for lumbar spine surgery. Spinal anesthesia (SA) and epidural anesthesia (EA) are the most commonly used RA methods, and a combined method of SA and EA (CSE). Compared to GA, RA offers numerous benefits including reduced intraoperative blood loss, arterial and venous thrombosis, pulmonary embolism, perioperative cardiac ischemic incidents, renal failure, hypoxic episodes in the postanesthetic care unit, postoperative morbidity and mortality, and decreased incidence of cognitive dysfunction. In spine surgery, RA is associated with lower pain scores, postoperative nausea and vomiting, positioning injuries, shorter anesthesia time, and higher patient satisfaction. Currently, RA is mostly used in short lumbar spine surgeries. However, recent findings illustrate the possibility of applying RA in spinal tumors and spinal fusion. Various researches reveal that SA is an effective alternative to GA with lower minor complications incidence. Comprehensive insight on RA will promote spine surgery under RA, thereby broadening the horizon of spine surgery under RA.
Risk Factors for Pulmonary Cement Embolism (PCE) After Polymethylmethacrylate Augmentation: Analysis of 32 PCE Cases
Authors: Guo Huizhi , Huang Huasheng , Shao Yang , Qin Qiuli , Liang De , Zhang Shuncong , Tang Yongchao
Published: December 2021

Objective: Pulmonary cement embolism (PCE) is an underestimated but potentially fatal complication after cement augmentation. Although the treatment and follow-up of PCE have been reported in the literature, the risk factors for PCE are so far less investigated. This study aims to identify the preoperative and intraoperative risk factors for the development of PCE.Methods: A total of 1,373 patients treated with the polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) augmentation technique were retrospectively included. Patients with PCE were divided into vertebral augmentation group and screw augmentation group. Possible risk factors were collected as follows: age, sex, bone mineral density, body mass index, diagnosis, comorbidity, surgical procedure, type of screw, augmented level, number of augmented vertebrae, fracture severity, presence of intravertebral cleft, cement volume, marked leakage in the paravertebral venous plexus, and periods of surgery. Binary logistic regression analyses were used to analyze independent risk factors for PCE.Results: PCE was identified in 32 patients, with an incidence rate of 2.33% (32 of 1,373). For patients who had undergone vertebral augmentation, marked leakage in the paravertebral venous plexus (odds ratio [OR], 0.012; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.001–0.103; p = 0.000) and previous surgery (OR, 0.161; 95% CI, 0.042–0.610; p = 0.007) were independent risk factors for PCE. Regarding patients who had undergone screw augmentation, the marked leakage in the paravertebral venous plexus (OR, 0.042; 95% CI, 0.005–0.373; p = 0.004) was the main risk factor.Conclusion: Marked leakage in the paravertebral venous plexus and previous surgery were significant risk factors related to PCE. Paravertebral leakage and operator experience should be concerned when performing PMMA augmentation.
Cross-Cultural Adaptation and Psychometric Validation of the Dutch Version of the Core Outcome Measures Index for the Neck in Patients Undergoing Surgery for Degenerative Disease of the Cervical Spine
Authors: Gadjradj Pravesh S. , Chin-See-Chong Timothy C. , Donk Daphne , Depauw Paul , Tulder Maurits W. van , Harhangi Biswadjiet S.
Published: December 2021

Objective: To perform the psychometric validation of the Dutch version of the Core Outcome Measures Index (COMI) for the neck.Methods: A total of 178 patients, who had an indication for surgery due to degenerative cervical spinal disease, were enrolled in the study. They filled in a baseline booklet containing the Dutch version of the COMI-neck, Likert-scales for neck and arm/shoulder pain, the Neck Disability Index (NDI), the EuroQol-5 dimensions (EQ-5D) and the 12-item Short Form health survey (SF-12). Aside from analyzing construct validity using the Spearman correlation test, test-retest reliability, and responsiveness at 3 months were assessed using the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) and the receiver-operating characteristic (ROC) curve, respectively.Results: The COMI-neck showed good acceptability with missing data ranging from 0% to 4.5% and some floor/ceiling effects for 3 of the domains at baseline. The COMI-summary score showed good to very good correlation with the EQ5D (ρ = -0.43), the physical component summary of the SF-12 (ρ = -0.47) and the NDI (ρ = 0.73). Individual domains showed correlations of -0.28 to 0.85 with the reference questionnaires. Test-retest reliability analysis showed an ICC of 0.91 with a minimal detectable change of 1.7. Responsiveness analysis of the COMI-neck showed an area under 0.79 under the ROC-curve. The standardized response mean for a good outcome was 1.24 and for a poor outcome 0.37.Conclusion: The current study shows that the Dutch version of the COMI-neck is a valid, reliable and responsive Patient-Reported Outcome Measure, among patients undergoing surgery for degenerative cervical spinal disorders.
Spinal Fractures in Ankylosing Spondylitis: Patterns, Management, and Complications in the United States – Analysis of Latest Nationwide Inpatient Sample Data
Authors: Kandregula Sandeep , Birk Harjus S. , Savardekar Amey , Newman William Chris , Beyl Robbie , Trosclair Krystle , Guthikonda Bharat , Sin Anthony
Published: December 2021

Objective: Ankylosing spondylitis (AS) is a rheumatic inflammatory disease marked by chronic inflammation of the axial skeleton. This condition, particularly when severe, can lead to increased risk of vertebral fractures attributed to decreased ability of the stiffened spinal column to sustain normal loads. However, little focus has been placed on understanding the locations of spinal fractures and associated complications and assessing the correlation between these. In this review, we aim to summarize the complications and treatment patterns in the United States in AS patients with spinal fractures, using the latest Nationwide Inpatient Sample (NIS) database (2016–2018).Methods: We analyzed the NIS data of years 2016–2018 to compare the fracture patterns and complications.Results: A total of 5,385 patients were included. The mean age was 71.63 years (standard deviation [SD], 13.21), with male predominance (83.8%). The most common population is Whites (77.4%), followed by Hispanics (7.9%). The most common fracture level was thoracic level (58.3%), followed by cervical level (38%). Multiple fracture levels were found in 13.3% of the patients. Spinal cord injury (SCI) was associated with 15.8% of the patients. The cervical level had a higher proportion of SCI (26.5%), followed by thoracic level (9.2%). The mean Elixhauser comorbidity score was 4.82 (SD, 2.17). A total of 2,365 patients (43.9%) underwent surgical treatment for the fractures. The overall complication rate was 40.8%. Respiratory complications, including pneumonia and respiratory insufficiency, were the predominant complications in the overall cohort. Based on the regression analysis, there was no significant difference (p = 0.45) in the complication rates based on the levels. The presence of SCI increased the odds of having a complication by 2.164 times (95% confidence interval, 1.722–2.72; p ≤ 0.001), and an increase in Elixhauser comorbidity score predicted the complication and in-hospital mortality rate (p ≤ 0.001).Conclusion: In conclusion, AS patients with spinal fractures have higher postoperative complications than the general population. The most common fracture location was thoracic in our study, although it differs with few studies, with SCI occurring in 1/6th of the patients.
Vertebral Artery Variations at the Craniovertebral Junction in “Sandwich” Atlantoaxial Dislocation Patients
Authors: Tian Yinglun , Xu Nanfang , Yan Ming , Chen Jinguo , Hung Kan-Lin , Hou Xiangyu , Wang Shenglin , Li Weishi
Published: December 2021

Objective: To summarize the vertebral artery (VA) pattern of 96 “sandwich” atlantoaxial dislocation (AAD) patients and to describe the strategies of reducing the injury of VA during surgery.Methods: From 2009 to 2020, we retrospectively reviewed the 3-dimensional computed tomography angiography data of 96 AAD patients combined with atlas occipitalization and C2–3 fusion, which were diagnosed as “sandwich” AAD and 96 patients as control group patients who were without atlas occipitalization, C2–3 fusion and any other cervical bone deformity at our institution. The variations of each side of VA were described in 3 different parts (C0–1, C1–2, and C2–3) according to the characteristics of the 3-part pathological structures in “sandwich” subgroup.Results: One hundred ninety-two sides of VAs in every group of patients were analyzed and every VA was described separately at 3 different level regions. There were different variations in these 3 different regions: 4 variations in the upper fusion region, 5 variations in the sandwiched region, and 6 variations in the lower fusion region in sandwich AAD patients. And the rate of VA deformity in sandwich AAD patients was much higher and more types of VA variations existed.Conclusion: In “sandwich” AAD patients, deformities of vertebral arteries in craniovertebral junction are more common, and the same VA may have deformities at different levels that severely affect surgical procedures. Therefore, preoperative imaging examination of VA for “sandwich” AAD patients is vital of guiding surgeons to avoid injury of VA during surgery.
Clinical and Radiological Clues of Traumatic Craniocervical Junction Injuries Requiring Occipitocervical Fusion to Early Diagnosis
Authors: Shiraishi Daimon , Nishimura Yusuke , Aguirre-Carreno Isaac , Hara Masahito , Yoshikawa Satoshi , Eguchi Kaoru , Nagashima Yoshitaka , Ito Hiroshi , Haimoto Shoichi , Yamamoto Yu , Ginsberg Howard J. , Takayasu Masakazu , Saito Ryuta
Published: December 2021

Objective: The purpose of this study is to find the clinical and radiographic characteristics of traumatic craniocervical junction (CCJ) injuries requiring occipitocervical fusion (OC fusion) for early diagnosis and surgical intervention.Methods: We retrospectively reviewed 12 patients with CCJ injuries presenting to St. Michaels Hospital in Toronto who underwent OC fusion and looked into the following variables; (1) initial trauma data on emergency room arrival, (2) associated injuries, (3) imaging characteristics of computed tomography (CT) scan and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), (4) surgical procedures, surgical complications, and neurological outcome.Results: All patients were treated as acute spinal injuries and underwent OC fusion on an emergency basis. Patients consisted of 10 males and 2 females with an average age of 47 years (range, 18–82 years). All patients sustained high-energy injuries. Three patients out of 6 patients with normal BAI (basion-axial interval) and BDI (basion-dens interval) values showed visible CCJ injuries on CT scans. However, the remaining 3 patients had no clear evidence of occipitoatlantal instability on CT scans. MRI clearly described several findings indicating occipitoatlantal instability. The 8 patients with normal values of ADI (atlantodens interval interval) demonstrated atlantoaxial instability on CT scan, however, all MRI more clearly and reliably demonstrated C1/2 facet injury and/or cruciate ligament injury.Conclusion: We advocate measures to help recognize CCJ injury at an early stage in the present study. Occipitoatlantal instability needs to be carefully investigated on MRI in addition to CT scan with special attention to facet joint and ligament integrity.
Comercialización y Agricultura Familiar. El caso de El Paseo de la Economía Social y Solidaria de la Universidad Nacional de La Plata: impactos de la pandemia COVID 19 y el ASPO en su configuración territorial
Authors: Andrada Nicolás , Rial Soledad , Adriani Héctor Luis
Published: December 2021

Este artículo presenta la experiencia de El Paseo de la Economía Social y Solidaria de la Universidad Nacional de La Plata en el contexto de la pandemia del COVID 19 y el Aislamiento Social Preventivo y Obligatorio (ASPO), destacando en particular la situación de los Agricultores Familiares que participan del mismo. El Paseo de la Economía Social y Solidaria, es una experiencia de comercialización en la cual participan organizaciones de productores hortícolas de la Agricultura Familiar, junto a artesanos, productores de miel, productores de alimentos, entre otros. Tiene lugar desde el año 2011, adscribe a los valores de la Economía Social y Solidaria de la política de Extensión Universitaria de la UNLP. Producto de la pandemia y el ASPO, “El Paseo” pasó de tener ferias localizadas en diferentes predios de la UNLP a una configuración espacial expandida con más de un centenar de puntos de entrega (los domicilios) localizados en el centro de la ciudad y los barrios. Esta transformación implica un cambio significativo ya que si bien se incrementa el número de consumidores y se extiende la dimensión espacial del mercado, los aspectos culturales y de interacción social y comunitaria que implica el carácter de feria quedan momentáneamente suspendidos. Estos cambios en las dimensiones espacial, económica y cultural reconfiguran el territorio generando una nueva inserción de El Paseo en la ciudad.
Situación de las artes escénicas en Argentina en el contexto de Covid-19: acciones de los trabajadores de la danza de Bahía Blanca para mitigar la crisis
Authors: Leonardi Viviana , Tortul Marina , Llera Daniela
Published: December 2021

En Argentina, gran parte de los trabajadores del arte y cultura, y de la danza en particular, se desempeñan en forma independiente. Esto dejó a este grupo de trabajadores en una situación de especial vulnerabilidad ante las medidas adoptadas para contener la propagación del Covid-19. El objetivo de este trabajo es identificar las dificultades que dicha coyuntura causó a los trabajadores de las artes escénicas y las acciones desplegadas para mitigarlas, haciendo especial hincapié en el caso de los trabajadores de la danza de la ciudad de Bahía Blanca.  Para ello se sigue una metodología exploratoria y descriptiva. Se utilizan datos del Sistema de Información Cultural de Argentina (SInCA) para el estudio a nivel nacional y de la Asociación Civil Trabajadores de la Danza en Movimiento de Bahía Blanca (TDM), para el local. Se encuentra que, en ambos ámbitos estos trabajadores pudieron migrar solo parcialmente hacia la modalidad virtual, no sin repercusiones negativas sobre su nivel de ingresos
Los Procesos de Transferencia en la Universidad: Limitaciones, Potencialidades, Desafíos. Una Perspectiva Situada a partir de un Proyecto de Desarrollo Tecnológico y Social en el Marco de la Economía Social y Solidaria
Authors: Vuarant Salomé , Roses Paula Andrea , Herrera Mariela , Perez Daiana
Published: December 2021

En el presente artículo analizamos los procesos de transferencia tecnológica y social a partir de la experiencia de generación de una marca asociativa, que se llevó a cabo de forma articulada entre la Universidad, un municipio local, el Instituto de Tecnología Industrial, el Club de Emprendedores y con un colectivo de emprendedores/as. Especialmente, nos centramos en indagar sobre las dinámicas que han permitido su funcionamiento; los acuerdos con otros sectores y actores, las relaciones que establece la universidad con la entidad demandante, el funcionamiento del equipo; entre otros.

Nos interrogamos sobre las complejidades de la interacción en la puesta en marcha de acciones a través de una amplia red de agentes e instituciones involucradas que comprende diferentes visiones y concepciones. Para ello, partimos de un análisis situado que entiende a la transferencia como un proceso complejo que no siempre se construye de forma fluida y armónica, que nos permite concluir con las limitaciones y potencialidades de la experiencia.
Comparative Accuracy of Preoperative Tumor Size Assessment on Ultrasonography and Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Ductal Carcinoma In Situ
Authors: Kang Sang Yull , Ahn Harim , Byon Jung Hee , Youn Hyun Jo , Jung Sung Hoo
Published: December 2021

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to compare the accuracy of preoperative breast tumor size measured by ultrasonography (US) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in patients with ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS).Methods: Medical records of 74 patients postoperatively diagnosed with DCIS were retrospectively analyzed. Tumor size measurements obtained using the two imaging modalities were compared for accuracy with those obtained during the final pathologic examination. Patients with only microcalcification on imaging were excluded.Results: For all patients, Lin’s concordance correlation coefficient (CCC) of MRI was 0.725, which was more accurate than 0.670 of US. In subgroup analysis, CCC of US was 0.757, more accurate than 0.697 of MRI in premenopausal DCIS patients. Background parenchymal enhancement (BPE) was the only risk factor deteriorating the accuracy of US and MRI examinations. Moderate and marked BPE was associated with the inaccurate tumor size estimations in both US and MRI (odds ratio [OR]:2.23, 95% confidence interval [CI]=1.12−3.52, p=0.001 in US, OR:8.16, 95% CI=1.17−15.2, p=0.031 in MRI).Conclusion: MRI was more accurate for measuring tumor size in patients with DCIS. Moderate and marked BPE was a risk factor that prevented accurate measurement of preoperative tumor size. In premenopausal patients, US would help measure tumor size accurately.
Lymph Node Ratio as a Good Prognostic Factor for Patients with Pathologic N3a Breast Cancer with 10 or More Metastatic Axillary Lymph Nodes
Authors: Jung Seo Won , Lim Soo Young , Na Yong Min , Ryu Young Jae , Cho Jin Seong , Yoon Jung Han , Park Min Ho
Published: December 2021

Purpose: Pathologic N3a breast cancer is defined as having 10 or more metastatic axillary lymph nodes and metastases to the infraclavicular (level III axillary lymph) node. This study aimed to determine clinicopathological factors and assess the importance of lymph node ratio (LNR) as a prognostic factor for patient with N3a breast cancer treated with surgery without neoadjuvant chemotherapy.Methods: Medical records of 154 patients who underwent surgery were retrospectively analyzed. Patients were pathologically diagnosed with N3a breast cancer between May 2004 and December 2014. LNR was defined as the number of metastatic lymph nodes divided by the total number of resected lymph nodes. It was calculated using the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve. The median follow up period was 94 months (range, 10–205 months).Results: Among 154 patients with N3a breast cancer, 70 (45.5%) had recurrence and 40 (26.0%) died during the follow-up period. The 5-year disease free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS) rates after surgery were 63.0% and 85.9%, respectively. LNR>0.82 (hazard ratio [HR]: 2.271; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.413–3.649; p=0.001) was a prognostic factor significantly associated with DFS. LNR>0.68 (HR: 2.156; 95% CI: 1.146–4.044; p=0.017) and invasive ductal carcinoma (HR: 0.125; 95% CI: 0.017–0.915: p=0.041) were significantly associated with OS.Conclusion: Although LNR values associated with DFS and OS are slightly different, LNR is a good prognostic factor for patients with N3a breast cancer.
Comparison of the Efficacy between First-Line Treatment Regimens for Patients with Hormone Receptor-Positive and HER2-Negative Metastatic Breast Cancer
Authors: Choi Kwang Hyun , Park Chan Sub , Kim Sang Hee , Kim Na Won , Lee Ju Hyeon , Kim Ji Yea , Park In Chul , Seong Min Ki , Kim Hyun-Ah , Noh Woo Chul
Published: December 2021

Purpose: Endocrine therapy is the first-line treatment recommended for patients with hormone receptor (HR)-positive, human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)-negative metastatic breast cancer without visceral crisis. However, this recommendation has not been followed clinically because of efficacy issues. In this study, the survival of patients with HR-positive/HER2-negative metastatic breast cancer was evaluated based on the following first-line treatment regimens: the combination of palbociclib plus letrozole, conventional endocrine therapy, or chemotherapy.Methods: Medical records were reviewed for this retrospective analysis. Patients with HR-positive/HER2-negative metastatic breast cancer were included. Progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) were compared based on first-line treatment regimens.Results: A total of 184 patients were included in the analysis. The first-line treatments were palbociclib plus letrozole in 46 patients (25.0%), endocrine therapy in 40 patients (21.7%), and chemotherapy in 98 patients (53.3%). The PFS of the palbociclib plus letrozole group was significantly longer than that of the endocrine therapy (hazard ratio=3.43, p<0.001) and chemotherapy (hazard ratio=2.88, p=0.001) groups. No significant difference was observed between the endocrine therapy and chemotherapy groups (p=0.430). The OS of the palbociclib plus letrozole group was significantly longer than that of the endocrine therapy (hazard ratio=5.34, p=0.009) and chemotherapy (hazard ratio 4.23, p=0.043) groups. No significant difference was observed between the endocrine therapy and chemotherapy groups (p=0.451).Conclusion: The combination regimen of palbociclib and letrozole could be recommended as the first-line treatment of choice in patients with HR-positive/HER2-negative metastatic breast cancer.
DEPENDENCE OF THE RAIL MFL TESTING DATA ON THE SPEED ACCORDING TO THE RESULTS OF COMPUTER SIMULATION AND EXPERIMENT
Authors: Antipov A. G. , Markov A. A.
Published: December 2021

Research of magnetic flux leakage signals of rail non-destructive testing in a wide range of scanning speeds is carried out. The results of three-dimensional computer simulation show significant changes in the distribution of the magnetic field in the depth of the rail at high motion speeds of the magnetizer. The appearance of low magnetization zones in the places most distant from the surface of the rail due to the influence of eddy currents is predicted. It is concluded that to detect defects that lie deep under the surface of the rail, magnetic sensors should be shifted towards the rear pole. The simulation results are in correct agreement with the results of experimental studies carried out on railway tracks at testing speeds up to 60 km/h. The effect of the formation at high scanning speeds of a tail magnetic flux behind the rear pole of the magnetizer is considered. Registration of this flux leakage data is promising from the point of view of detecting deep-seated defects, as well as separating signals from surface and internal flaws at high inspection speeds.
HARDWARE AND SOFTWARE FOR MOBILE RAIL INSPECTION TOOLS
Authors: Tarabrin V. F.
Published: December 2021

The hardware and software used as components for two of the world's most common technologies for continuous ultrasonic nondestructive testing of rails, namely, the classical technology, which consists in pretuning, and the technology of using an adaptive threshold, are considered. As applied to the hardware, the influence of such characteristics as the dynamic range of data recording, as well as the sampling of signal amplitudes is shown. A comparison for both versions of the software is provided. The differences in the interface and functionality are shown. Differences in the algorithms for automated interpretation of ultrasound control data are presented: different approaches to displaying a B-scan (continuous data recording and registration of fragments of flaw patterns with signals that meet the criteria for automated analysis), the possibility and informative value of A-scan, etc. Based on the results of the hardware and software analysis, the capabilities of two of the world's most widely used technologies for non-destructive continuous ultrasonic testing of rails in the world were evaluated.
APPLICATION OF POSITION-SENSITIVE DETECTORS FOR ANALYZING THE ENERGY SPECTRA OF PHOTON RADIATION
Authors: Lelyukhin A. S. , Muslimov D. A.
Published: December 2021

Monitoring the spectral composition of photon radiation from generating sources and emitting objects is the most informative way to analyze the radiation fields created by them. However, it is impossible to study the radiation characteristics of radiation fields of ultra short duration and high intensity using direct measurement methods. This work considers a method for reconstructing the spectral distributions of photon radiation from the profile of the secondary radiation fields recorded by a position-sensitive detector. To implement a new method of measurement in the primary beam of radiation is an extended scattering body of homogeneous material. Outside the field of the primary beam, a position-sensitive detector is placed along the generatrix of the scattering body, which records the photons of the secondary radiation and the coordinates of their emission. The spectral composition of the primary radiation beam is restored from the shape of the spatial distribution obtained. To find a quasi-solution describing the energy spectrum of the primary radiation beam, it is proposed to use the maximum likelihood expectation maximization method. The possibility of switching to measurements in secondary radiation fields having a lower intensity is confirmed by the experimental results. To form secondary radiation fields, we used a composite phantom containing three scattering bodies in the form of rectangular parallelepipeds made of graphite, aluminum, and titanium. The secondary radiation fields were recorded by a radiographic sensor. Using an X-ray source operating in a pulsed mode, images were obtained and profiles of the secondary radiation fields were formed. It is experimentally shown that the secondary radiation fields have a gradient structure and can be used to analyze the energy spectra of the radiation beams generating them. The method for reconstructing spectral distributions proposed in this work allows one to measure the energy spectra of photons using position-sensitive detectors and can be used in solving problems of diagnostics of pulsed high-intensity radiation beams.
ACOUSTIC EMISSION TESTING OF FIBERGLASS PIPES AND FITTINGS
Authors: Elizarov S. V. , Terentyev D. A. , Medvedev K. A. , Ivanov V. I. , Halimov A. G. , Bardakov V. V.
Published: December 2021

Experimental studies was carried out. The purpose was to develop a method to test fiberglass pipelines in operating mode. The acoustic emission method was chosen as the main method of nondestructive testing, and visual and dimensional inspection was chosen as an additional method. Acoustic parameters and acoustic emission properties of fiberglass pipes were determined. It was found that acoustic emission sensors can be installed at distances of up to 9-18 m from each other. A series of loading tests was carried out to refine the methodology. Every loading case was performed until leakage registration. In most cases, leakage occurred near the fillet at pressures of 2.2…3.0 from the working pressure, which indicates a large margin of safety for fiberglass pipes. It is confirmed that the acoustic emission method allows early defect detection. Based on the acoustic emission data, 4 main stages of fiberglass pipes degradation were identified. Visual and dimensional inspection was informative only at stages III – IV. Stage IV in most cases corresponds to the leakage. Even early stage of depressurization was registered as continuous acoustic emission. Signals with amplitudes exceeding 60…80 dB were registered at all loading stages. The location map became informative after filtering events by acoustic emission parameters. A methodology for the testing of fiberglass pipes and fittings in operating mode was developed. It contains, in contrast to the currently valid standards, specific numerical values of various quantities related to both the preparation and carrying out of acoustic emission testing and the classification of the identified sources of acoustic emission according to the degree of danger and allows to evaluate the residual life of fiberglass pipelines. The most informative parameter was the activity of acoustic emission; therefore, it is recommended to carry out loading without holding the pressure. It is planned to carry out additional experiments to clarify the mechanisms of fracture acting at each of the 4 identified stages of degradation.
CONTROL OF CUTTING MODE PARAMETERS AND TOOL MATERIAL TO ENSURE THE VALUES OF ROUGHNESS PARAMETERS WHEN TURNING STEELS 09H17N7YU, 12H18N10T AND 13H15N5 AM-3
Authors: Mokritskii B. Ya.
Published: December 2021

When processing hard-to-process stainless steels, it is difficult to maintain a compromise between the quality of the treated surface, processing performance and the period of operation of the cutting tool to the permissible value of its wear. The more specialized the physical and mechanical characteristics and performance properties of such steel, the more difficult it is to reach a compromise. The paper shows the results of controlling the parameters of the cutting mode to ensure the required roughness parameters when turning highly corrosion-resistant stainless steels 09H17N7YU, 12H18N10T and 13H15N5 AM-3.