bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Moschamine inhibits proliferation of glioblastoma cells via cell cycle arrest and apoptosis
Authors: Alexiou George A , Lazari Diamanto , Markopoulos Georgios , Vartholomatos Evrysthenis , Hodaj Entela , Galani Vasiliki , Kyritsis Athanasios P
Published: May 2017

Glioblastoma is the most common and most malignant primary brain tumor with a median survival of 15 months. Moschamine is an indole alkaloid that has a serotoninergic and cyclooxygenase inhibitory effect. In this study, we sought to determine whether moschamine could exert cytotoxic and cytostatic effects on glioma cells in vitro. Moschamine was tested for toxicity in zebrafish. We investigated the effect of moschamine on U251MG and T98G glioblastoma cell lines. Viability and proliferation of the cells were examined with trypan blue exclusion assay, 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay, and the xCELLigence system. Apoptosis (annexin–propidium iodide), cell cycle, and CD24/CD44/CD56/CD15 expression were tested with flow cytometry. Treatment with moschamine significantly reduced cell viability in both cell lines tested. Induction of cell death and cell cycle arrest was confirmed with flow cytometry in both cell lines. After treatment with moschamine, there was a dose-dependent decrease in CD24 and CD44 expression, whereas there was no change in CD56 and CD15 expression in T98G cell line. The zebrafish mortality on the fifth post-fertilization day was zero even for 1 mM of moschamine concentration. The treatment of glioblastoma cell lines with moschamine may represent a novel strategy for targeting glioblastoma.
Extending the dynamic range of an energy harvester with a variable load resistance
Authors: Hendijanizadeh Mehdi , Elliott Stephen J , Ghandchi-Tehrani Maryam
Published: May 2017

In some energy harvesters, the maximum throw of the seismic mass is limited due to the physical constraints of the device. The shunt load resistance of such a harvester is generally selected based on the allowable throw of the mass when the device is subjected to the maximum level of excitation. However, the energy harvester with this value of shunt resistance does not perform well at lower levels of excitation. In this article, a variable load resistance, scheduled on the excitation level, is introduced to extend the dynamic range of an energy harvester in applications where excitation level varies. This method is applied to the design of an energy harvester, which comprises a sprung mass coupled to an electric motor through a lead screw. The dynamic equation and parameters of the system are introduced and the device is experimentally characterized, by conducting random vibration tests. The harvested power and the relative displacement are then obtained for different sinusoidal base excitation amplitudes when the system is excited at a frequency close to its natural frequency. It is demonstrated that the use of a variable load resistance mechanism can significantly improve the dynamic range and output power of the energy harvester.
A Novel Intervention for System-Involved Intimate Partner Violence Survivors: Changes in Parenting
Authors: Wretman Christopher J. , Rizo Cynthia Fraga , Macy Rebecca J. , Guo Shenyang , Ermentrout Dania
Published: May 2017

Purpose:

A growing subpopulation of intimate partner violence (IPV) victims comprises mothers who have been mandated to services by either the court system or child protective services (CPS). Two human service agencies in the United States developed a 13-week novel intervention to address these women. All participants were assigned to the intervention, which featured group psychoeducation sessions, social events, and childcare.

Method:

This quasi-experimental study gathered preliminary evidence regarding whether the intervention promoted participants’ ( N = 70) parenting practices. Specifically, growth curve analyses using hierarchical linear modeling examined outcomes at completion (3 months) and follow-up (6 months).

Results:

Participants reported statistically significant improvements on key parenting practices at both postintervention time points.

Conclusions:

This study provides preliminary support for engaging court- and CPS-involved female IPV survivors in specialized, group-based interventions such as that investigated herein. Future research should investigate similar programs using larger samples and more robust designs.
Sensitive Health Topics With Underserved Patient Populations: Methodological Considerations for Online Focus Group Discussions
Authors: Reisner Sari L. , Randazzo Renee K. , White Hughto Jaclyn M. , Peitzmeier Sarah , DuBois L. Zachary , Pardee Dana J. , Marrow Elliot , McLean Sarah , Potter Jennifer
Published: May 2017

Online focus group discussions provide an anonymous environment to assess sensitive, health-related experiences that may be difficult to discuss utilizing traditional face-to-face modalities, particularly for marginalized populations such as female-to-male trans masculine (TM) transgender individuals. This article reviews the history, advantages, and disadvantages of online focus groups, with an emphasis for research about sensitive issues with stigmatized, rare, and/or geographically dispersed patient populations. The article then evaluates the success of online focus group discussions as a case study using data from four asynchronous online focus groups conducted between September 2015 and February 2016 that explored topics related to sexual health care access with U.S. TM adults ( N = 29). The rationale for selecting an asynchronous online methodology is described along with the unique methodological considerations that emerged in developing the study protocol. We conclude by sharing lessons learned, including innovations for maximizing participant engagement and comfort to elicit rich qualitative data.
The Unethical Monetization of Business Schools (and What We Can Do About It)
Authors: Arend Richard J.
Published: May 2017

We may take for granted that the business school context promotes and rewards ethical research, teaching, and service. I provide an alternative perspective, describing how the context, especially at midlevel tier schools, can offer the opportunity, motivation, and rationalization for significant (in depth and breadth) unethical monetization schemes. I list such schemes, describe possible solutions, and appeal to those handling oversight and misdeeds to act.
Promoting Management Education in China Through Developing Practice-Based Management Theories: An Interview With Practitioner-Scholar Youmin Xi
Authors: Zhang Xiaojun , Fu Pingping , Xi Youmin
Published: May 2017

For nearly 30 years, Youmin Xi, professor of management at Xi’an Jiaotong University, who serves concurrently as the executive president of Xi’an Jiaotong-Liverpool University and pro-vice chancellor of the University of Liverpool, has been trying to find a way to best integrate management practices and management research in the East and West based on his multiple roles as a management researcher, educator, and practitioner. Being the first recipient of the PhD degree of management engineering in China, Xi has personally witnessed and lived through the development of China’s management education. In this interview, Xi believes management theories and practice can support one another and collaborate to improve management education in China. He also believes what he has been doing in developing HeXie Management Theory, a practice-based management theory, could offer educators and practitioners in the West some food for thought.
For Richer or Poorer: The Politics of Redistribution in Bad Economic Times
Authors: Rigby Elizabeth , Hatch Megan E.
Published: May 2017

This paper examines the consequences of economic downturns for states’ redistributive politics. We track state policies from 1980 through 2010 and illustrate how economic downturns led states to adopt budget-balancing policies by suppressing both the increased spending on programs benefiting the poor otherwise expected under Democratic Party control and the tax cuts for the wealthy otherwise expected under Republican Party control. We also undertake a natural experiment case study—comparing the forty Democratic and Republican governors in office right before (2007–2008) and after (2009–2010) the onset of the Great Recession. We find that Republican governors were less likely to propose spending and increased calls for spending cuts; yet, no similar shift in tax proposals was evident with continued calls for tax cuts to the wealthy. Democratic governors exhibited a similar pattern, but were less responsive and more likely to maintain their earlier policy proposals even after a significant downturn in the national economy. Together, these findings highlight how economic and political conditions interact with one another to shape “who gets what, when, and how from government,” as well as clarify that we must ask and answer these questions separately for taxing and spending to capture the complex politics of redistribution.
Acute Cutaneous Necrosis: A Guide to Early Diagnosis and Treatment
Authors: Karimi Karen , Odhav Ashika , Kollipara Ramya , Fike Jesse , Stanford Carol , Hall John C.
Published: May 2017

Acute cutaneous necrosis is characterised by a wide range of aetiologies and is associated with significant morbidity and mortality, warranting complex considerations in management. Early recognition is imperative in diagnosis and management of sudden gangrenous changes in the skin. This review discusses major causes of cutaneous necrosis, examines the need for early assessment, and integrates techniques related to diagnosis and management. The literature, available via PubMed, on acute cutaneous necrotic syndromes was reviewed to summarise causes and synthesise appropriate treatment strategies to create a clinician’s guide in the early diagnosis and management of acute cutaneous necrosis. Highlighted in this article are key features associated with common causes of acute cutaneous necrosis: warfarin-induced skin necrosis, heparin-induced skin necrosis, calciphylaxis, pyoderma gangrenosum, embolic phenomena, purpura fulminans, brown recluse spider bite, necrotising fasciitis, ecthyma gangrenosum, antiphospholipid syndrome, hypergammaglobulinemia, and cryoglobulinemia. This review serves to increase recognition of these serious pathologies and complications, allowing for prompt diagnosis and swift limb- or life-saving management.
Wear behavior of the aluminum-silicon alloy cylinder liner wear against Chrom–Keramik–Schicht piston ring
Authors: Li Cheng-Di , Li Bin , Jin Mei , Shen Yan , Xu Jiu-Jun
Published: May 2017

The aluminum–silicon alloy cylinder liner shows great potential for engine cylinder liner applications as its excellent castability, light weight, and good thermal conductivity. In order to improve the capability of the whole friction system further, the friction performance of the piston rings wear against cylinder liner should be discussed in details. In this paper, the wear behavior of the aluminum–silicon alloy cylinder liner wear against Chrom–Keramik–Schicht (CKS) piston ring was carried out by the contraposition reciprocating test rig under lubrication. The surface morphology was characterized by scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive X-ray spectrometry. When CKS piston ring wears against aluminum–silicon alloy cylinder liner, comparing with sprayed molybdenum piston ring, the friction coefficient reduced nearly 10%. Besides, the weight loss of cylinder liner and piston ring reduced nearly 95%. In the process of friction, aluminum was rolled repeatedly on the surface of cylinder liner. And the honing roads were still visible clearly on the worn surface. The coating of CKS piston ring is dense, lower roughness and higher hardness, and not easy to fall off. While the worn surface of CKS piston ring was smooth in the process of adhesive wear. When the aluminum–silicon alloy cylinder liner wears against CKS piston ring, the matched pair presents an excellent wear behavior.
The importance of relationships in treatment for chronic leg ulceration
Authors: Tollow Philippa , Ogden Jane
Published: May 2017

Leg ulcers are a hard-to-heal wound that can have a profound impact on the lives of those that they affect. While a significant body of evidence has explored the efficacy of various treatments for leg ulcers, little research has addressed the patient experience of such treatment. A total of 21 participants were recruited for this qualitative interview study, exploring patient’s experiences of non-surgical treatment for leg ulcers. Thematic analysis identified two major themes, ‘Failure’ and ‘Powerlessness’, as well as the overarching theme of ‘Relationships’. These findings are discussed in relation to concepts of acceptance and in the broader context of patient-centred care.
Can we avoid reductionism in risk reduction?
Authors: Prins Seth J , Reich Adam
Published: May 2017

Risk assessment and risk reduction have become increasingly central to criminal justice policy and practice in the last 25 years. Yet there remains a lack of consensus both on the theoretical and methodological foundations of risk and on its social and practical implications. Some proponents see risk assessment and reduction as solutions to the inefficiencies and injustices of contemporary mass incarceration. Some critics see actuarial risk as being partially responsible for mass incarceration, and warn that recent iterations will only reinscribe existing inequalities under a new guise of objectivity. Both perspectives contain elements of truth, but each falls short because neither adequately specifies the different dimensions of risk that condition its effects. Using two prominent frameworks as foils, this article excavates the contested terrain of risk assessment and exposes a set of distinctions that can inform the use—and prevent the abuse—of risk knowledge in criminal justice policy.
Introduction: The Other Caillois: The Many Masks of Game Studies
Authors: Carbone Marco Benoît , Ruffino Paolo , Massonet Stéphane
Published: May 2017

The legacy of the rich, stratified work of Roger Caillois, the multifaceted and complex French scholar and intellectual, seems to have almost solely impinged on game studies through his most popular work, Les Jeux et les Hommes. Translated in English as Man, Play and Games, this is the text which popularized Caillois’ ideas among those who do study and research on games and game cultures today, and which most often appears in publications that attempt to historicize and introduce to the study of games—perhaps on a par with Johan Huizinga’s Homo Ludens. The purpose of this article is to introduce the papers and general purposes of a collected edition that aims to shift the attention of game scholars toward a more nuanced and comprehensive view of Roger Caillois, beyond the textbook interpretations usually received in game studies over the last decade or so.
Experiences in Broker-Facilitated Participatory Cross-Cultural Research
Authors: Kowal Stephanie P. , Bubela Tania , Jardine Cynthia
Published: May 2017

Health researchers are increasingly using community-based participatory research approaches because of the benefits accrued through ongoing community engagement. The documentation of our research partnership highlights key ethical and analytical challenges researchers face in participatory research, particularly in projects partnering with service providers or cultural brokers in cross-cultural settings. In this article, we describe how choices made to accommodate a participatory research approach in the examination of vaccination behavior impacted the process and outcomes of our qualitative inquiries. First, we found that employing multiple interviewers influenced the breadth of discussion topics, thus reducing the ability to achieve saturation in small study populations. This was mitigated by (a) having two people at each interview and (b) using convergent interviewing, a technique in which multiple interviewers discuss and include concepts raised in interviews in subsequent interviews to test the validity of interview topics. Second, participants were less engaged during the informed consent process if they knew the interviewer before the interview commenced. Finally, exposing identity traits, such as age or immigration status, before the interview affected knowledge cocreation, as the focus of the conversation then mirrored those traits. For future research, we provide recommendations to reduce ethical and analytical concerns that arise with qualitative interview methods in participatory research. Specifically, we provide guidance to ensure ethical informed consent processes and rigorous interview techniques.
Dietary constituent, decanoic acid suppresses the excitability of nociceptive trigeminal neuronal activity associated with hypoalgesia via muscarinic M2 receptor signaling
Authors: Noguchi Yuna , Matsuzawa Nichiwa , Akama Youichi , Sekiguchi Kenta , Takehana Shiori , Shimazu Yoshihito , Takeda Mamoru
Published: May 2017

Background

Although decanoic acid (DA) is thought to act as a muscarinic cholinergic agonist, effect of DA on nociceptive behavioral responses and the excitability of nociceptive neuronal activity under in vivo conditions remain to be determined. The aim of the present study, therefore, was to investigate whether in vivo acute administration of ointment containing DA affects the excitability of nociceptive trigeminal spinal nucleus caudalis (SpVc) neurons associated with hypoalgesia in naïve rats.

Results

After local application of DA, the threshold of escape from mechanical stimulation applied to the shaved orofacial skin was significantly higher than before DA application. Vehicle treatment (without DA) had no significant effect on the escape threshold from mechanical stimulation. Extracellular single unit recordings were made from SpVc wide-dynamic range (WDR) neurons in response to orofacial non-noxious and noxious mechanical stimuli of pentobarbital-anesthetized rats. The mean firing frequency of SpVc WDR neurons in response to noxious, but not non-noxious, mechanical stimuli was inhibited by local application of DA, and the maximum inhibition of discharge frequency of both non-noxious and noxious mechanical stimuli was seen within 1–5 min. The DA-induced short-term inhibitory effects were reversed after approximately 10 min. Pretreatment intravenously with the muscarinic-specific M2 receptor antagonist, methoctramine, abolished the DA-induced suppression of firing frequency of SpVc WDR neurons in response to noxious stimulation. Fluorogold (FG) labeling was identified as the trigeminal ganglion (TG) neurons innervating orofacial skin. FG-labeled small-diameter TG neurons expressed M2 receptor immunoreactivity.

Conclusion

These results suggest that acute DA application induces short-term mechanical hypoalgesia and this effect was mainly due to suppression of the excitability of SpVc WDR neurons via the peripheral M2 receptor signaling pathway in the trigeminal primary afferents. These findings support the idea that DA is a potential therapeutic agent and complementary alternative medicine for the attenuation of trigeminal nociception in the absence of inflammatory/neuropathic conditions.
Towards real-time human participation in virtual evacuation through a validated simulation tool
Authors: Montecchiari Gabriele , Bulian Gabriele , Gallina Paolo
Published: May 2017

The analysis of the ship layout from the point of view of safe and orderly evacuation represents an important step in ship design, which can be carried out through agent-based evacuation simulation tools, typically run in batch mode. Introducing the possibility for humans to interactively participate in a simulated evacuation process together with computer-controlled agents can open a series of interesting possibilities for design, research and development. To this aim, this article presents the development of a validated agent-based evacuation simulation tool which allows real-time human participation through immersive virtual reality. The main characteristics of the underlying social-force-based modelling technique are described. The tool is verified and validated by making reference to International Maritime Organization test cases, experimental data and FDS + Evac simulations. The first approach for supporting real-time human participation is then presented. An initial experiment embedding immersive virtual reality human participation is described, together with outcomes regarding comparisons between human-controlled avatars and computer-controlled agents. Results from this initial testing are encouraging in pursuing the use of virtual reality as a tool to obtain information on human behaviour during evacuation.
Too True to be Bad
Authors: Lakens Daniël , Etz Alexander J.
Published: May 2017

Psychology journals rarely publish nonsignificant results. At the same time, it is often very unlikely (or “too good to be true”) that a set of studies yields exclusively significant results. Here, we use likelihood ratios to explain when sets of studies that contain a mix of significant and nonsignificant results are likely to be true or “too true to be bad.” As we show, mixed results are not only likely to be observed in lines of research but also, when observed, often provide evidence for the alternative hypothesis, given reasonable levels of statistical power and an adequately controlled low Type 1 error rate. Researchers should feel comfortable submitting such lines of research with an internal meta-analysis for publication. A better understanding of probabilities, accompanied by more realistic expectations of what real sets of studies look like, might be an important step in mitigating publication bias in the scientific literature.
What Explains Personality Covariation? A Test of the Socioecological Complexity Hypothesis
Authors: Lukaszewski Aaron W. , Gurven Michael , von Rueden Christopher R. , Schmitt David P.
Published: May 2017

Correlations among distinct behaviors are foundational to personality science, but the field remains far from a consensus regarding the causes of such covariation. We advance a novel explanation for personality covariation, which views trait covariance as being shaped within a particular socioecology. We hypothesize that the degree of personality covariation observed within a society will be inversely related to the society’s socioecological complexity, that is, its diversity of social and occupational niches. Using personality survey data from participant samples in 55 nations ( N = 17,637), we demonstrate that the Big Five dimensions are more strongly intercorrelated in less complex societies, where the complexity is indexed by nation-level measures of economic development, urbanization, and sectoral diversity. This inverse relationship is robust to control variables accounting for a number of methodological and response biases. Our findings support the socioecological complexity hypothesis and more generally bolster functionalist accounts of trait covariation.
A mathematical framework to quantify the masking effect associated with the confidence intervals of measures of disproportionality
Authors: Maignen François , Hauben Manfred , Dogné Jean-Michel
Published: May 2017

Background:

The lower bound of the 95% confidence interval of measures of disproportionality (Lower95CI) is widely used in signal detection. Masking is a statistical issue by which true signals of disproportionate reporting are hidden by the presence of other medicines. The primary objective of our study is to develop and validate a mathematical framework for assessing the masking effect of Lower95CI.

Methods:

We have developed our new algorithm based on the masking ratio (MR) developed for the measures of disproportionality. A MR for the Lower95CI (MRCI) is proposed. A simulation study to validate this algorithm was also conducted.

Results:

We have established the existence of a very close mathematical relation between MR and MRCI. For a given drug–event pair, the same product will be responsible for the highest masking effect with the measure of disproportionality and its Lower95CI. The extent of masking is likely to be very similar across the two methods. An important proportion of identical drug–event associations affected by the presence of an important masking effect is revealed by the unmasking exercise, whether the proportional reporting ratio (PRR) or its confidence interval are used.

Conclusion:

The detection of the masking effect of Lower95CI can be automated. The real benefits of this unmasking in terms of new true-positive signals (rate of true-positive/false-positive) or time gained by the revealing of signals using this method have not been fully assessed. These benefits should be demonstrated in the context of prospective studies.
Zolpidem prescribing practices before and after Food and Drug Administration required product labeling changes
Authors: Norman Jessica L , Fixen Danielle R , Saseen Joseph J , Saba Laura M , Linnebur Sunny A
Published: May 2017

Background:

Women have higher morning serum zolpidem concentrations than men after taking an evening dose, potentially leading to increased risk of harm. On 19 April 2013, the United States Food and Drug Administration required labeling changes for zolpidem, recommending an initial dose of no greater than 5 mg (immediate release) or 6.25 mg (controlled release) per night in women.

Objectives:

The primary objective of this study was to compare prescribing practices before and after the 2013 zolpidem labeling change. A secondary objective was to evaluate serious adverse events potentially related to zolpidem.

Methods:

Electronic medical records of adults receiving care through the University of Colorado Health system were accessed for study inclusion if patients were provided a first-time prescription for zolpidem either prior to or after the Food and Drug Administration labeling change. Patients were randomly chosen from eight strata based on age, gender, and date of zolpidem initiation (before/after the labeling change). Demographic and zolpidem prescribing data were collected. Low-dose zolpidem was considered 5 mg (immediate release) or 6.25 mg (controlled release) daily or less. Documentation of potentially related serious adverse events within the patients’ records was also evaluated.

Results:

A total of 400 patients were included in the study. The overall percentage of patients prescribed low-dose zolpidem increased from 44% to 58% after the labeling change (p = 0.0020). In a pre-specified subgroup analysis, the percentage of patients prescribed low-dose zolpidem increased in all groups, including young men (38%–50%, p = 0.23), elderly men (34%–40%, p = 0.53), and elderly women (60%–74%, p = 0.14), but the change was only significant in young women (42%–70%, p = 0.0045).

Conclusion:

After Food and Drug Administration–mandated labeling changes for zolpidem in 2013, the percentage of overall patients in our health system, and specifically young women, with initial prescriptions for low-dose zolpidem significantly increased as compared to before the labeling change.
Methotrexate encephalopathy: Two cases in adult cancer patients, who recovered with pathophysiologically based therapy
Authors: Coker Shodeinde A , Pastel David A , Davis Melissa C , Bengtson Elizabeth M , Fadul Camilo E , Lewis Lionel D
Published: May 2017

Background/Objectives:

Neurotoxicity is a serious and sometimes fatal adverse effect that can occur following methotrexate treatment. We describe two adult patients with hematological malignancies with methotrexate encephalopathy who recovered with dextromethorphan therapy.

Results:

Case 1: A 24-year-old male with acute lymphoblastic leukemia developed the acute onset of bilateral facial weakness and slurred speech after his first treatment with high-dose intravenous methotrexate. The clinical scenario and a head magnetic resonance imaging supported a diagnosis of methotrexate encephalopathy. Treatment with dextromethorphan was coincident with recovery. Case 2: A 65-year-old female with recurrent diffuse large B-cell lymphoma was treated with high-dose intravenous methotrexate. Two weeks after a cycle, she developed hypoactive delirium, marked lethargy, ocular ataxia, and a right-sided facial weakness. Within 2 days of starting dextromethorphan, there was improvement with clinical recovery.

Conclusions:

These two cases suggest that N-methyl d-aspartate receptor activation by homocysteine may play an important role in the pathogenesis of methotrexate neurotoxicity.
Caecocolic intussusception associated with a caecal polyp and concurrent hepatocellular carcinoma in a cat
Authors: Boland Lara , Lindsay Scott , Brunel Laurencie , Podadera Juan , Bennett Peter
Published: May 2017

Case summary

A 17-year-old female neutered domestic shorthair cat presented for several days of reduced faecal volume and a rectal prolapse. Physical examination revealed a 2 cm rectal prolapse, hepatomegaly and a low body condition score of 3/9. Haematology and biochemistry revealed a mild non-regenerative anaemia (haematocrit 24.5%; reference interval [RI] 30.3–52.3%), a mild mature neutrophilia (16.21 × 109/l; RI 1.48–10.29 × 109/l) and a mild increase in alanine aminotransferase activity (222 IU/l; RI 12–130 IU/l). Abdominal radiographs identified hepatomegaly. The rectal prolapse was reduced under general anaesthesia. Abdominal ultrasound identified a caecocolic intussusception and a large hepatic mass. Thoracic radiographs were unremarkable. Hepatic fine-needle aspirate cytology revealed well-differentiated hepatocytes. A typhlectomy was performed and the quadrate liver lobe, with mass, was resected. Gross examination of the caecum identified a focal polyp; histopathology showed moderate plasmacytic–lymphocytic typhlitis and reactive mucosal-associated lymphoid tissue. The hepatic mass was diagnosed as a well-differentiated hepatocellular carcinoma. Six weeks postoperatively the cat had gained 0.5 kg, had an improved body condition score of 5/9 and resolution of clinical signs. The cat died acutely 1 year later from an unknown cause.

Relevance and novel information

Caecocolic intussusception is rare in cats and uncommon in dogs. This is the third report in a cat and the first associated with a caecal polyp. As reported in dogs, the outcome following surgery was good. Hepatocellular carcinoma is a rarely reported feline neoplasm, which may have a good prognosis with surgical resection.
Feminist Digilante Responses to a Slut-Shaming on Facebook
Authors: Jane Emma A.
Published: May 2017

This article examines feminist digilantism in response to the “slut-shaming” of an Australian woman on Facebook in 2015. The activism is used to highlight the nature and significance of the feminist pushback against the worsening problem of cyber violence against women and girls (cyber VAWG). This article builds on my previous research into feminist digilantism and is part of a much larger, mixed-methods, multi-modal study into gendered cyberhate. It uses approaches from Internet historiography, ethnography, and netnography, alongside data drawn from qualitative interviews. Sufficient evidence is available to support the broad argument that the feminist digilantism involved in the case study under analysis was efficacious as well as ethically justified given the dearth of institutional interventions. That said, I demonstrate that while such activism has benefits, it also has risks and disadvantages, and raises ethical issues. This critique of digilantism is not intended as yet another type of victim blaming which suggests the activist responses of cyberhate targets are flawed. Instead, my case is that appraising the efficacy and ethics of such forms of extrajudicial activism should take place within a framing acknowledging that these actions are primarily diagnostic of rather than a solution to cyber VAWG. As such, the increasing prevalence and strength of feminist digilantism lends further support to the case that gendered cyberhate is a problem demanding urgent and multifaceted intervention.
Emerging Adult Relationship Transitions as Opportune Times for Tailored Interventions
Authors: Vennum Amber , Monk J. Kale , Pasley B. Kay , Fincham F. D.
Published: May 2017

The goal of this research was to identify predictors of college students’ relationship dissolution and how a relationship education (RE) curriculum integrated into a college course ( Relationship U [ RU]) influenced students’ breakup (BU) and relationship formation decisions. Study 1 ( n = 854) showed the strongest predictors of BU by the end of the semester were low relationship efficacy, dedication, satisfaction, and relationship length and greater emotional safety, distance, and extradyadic behavior. Study 2 ( n = 7,957) examined the perceived influence of RU on students’ decisions to end and begin relationships through thematic analysis of open-ended questions asking participants to identify what (if any) aspect of the curriculum influenced their decisions. Participant responses highlighted specific RE components differentially salient to their decisions to end and begin romantic relationships. Implications for creating tailored and adaptive RE curricula with emerging adults are discussed.
ETS‐targeted therapy: can it substitute for MEK inhibitors?
Authors: Tetsu Osamu , McCormick Frank
Published: May 2017

Background

The RAS/MAPK pathway has been intensively studied in cancer. Constitutive activation of ERK1 and ERK2 is frequently found in cancer cells from a variety of tissues. In clinical practice and clinical trials, small molecules targeting receptor tyrosine kinases or components in the MAPK cascade are used for treatment. MEK1 and MEK2 are ideal targets because these enzymes are physiologically important and have narrow substrate specificities and distinctive structural characteristics. Despite success in pre‐clinical testing, only two MEK inhibitors, trametinib and cobimetinib, have been approved, both for treatment of BRAF‐mutant melanoma. Surprisingly, the efficacy of MEK inhibitors in other tumors has been disappointing. These facts suggest the need for a different approach. We here consider transcription factor ETS1 and ETS2 as alternate therapeutic targets because they are major MAPK downstream effectors.

Main text

The lack of clinical efficacy of MEK inhibitors is attributed mostly to a subsequent loss of negative feedback regulation in the MAPK pathway. To overcome this obstacle, second‐generation MEK inhibitors, so‐called “feedback busters,” have been developed. However, their efficacy is still unsatisfactory in the majority of cancers. To substitute ETS‐targeted therapy, therapeutic strategies to modulate the transcription factor in cancer must be considered. Chemical targeting of ETS1 for proteolysis is a promising strategy; Src and USP9X inhibitors might achieve this by accelerating ETS1 protein turnover. Targeting the ETS1 interface might have great therapeutic value because ETS1 dimerizes itself or with other transcription factors to regulate target genes. In addition, transcriptional cofactors, including CBP/p300 and BRD4, represent intriguing targets for both ETS1 and ETS2.

Conclusions

ETS‐targeted therapy appears to be promising. However, it may have a potential problem. It might inhibit autoregulatory negative feedback loops in the MAPK pathway, with consequent resistance to cell death by ERK1 and ERK2 activation. Further research is warranted to explore clinically applicable ways to inhibit ETS1 and ETS2.
Recent advances in the management of osteoporosis
Authors: Fukumoto Seiji , Matsumoto Toshio
Published: May 2017

There has been substantial progress in the management of patients with osteoporosis and the prevention of osteoporotic fractures. Currently available strong anti-resorptive agents are bisphosphonates and an anti-receptor activator of nuclear factor-kappa B ligand (RANKL) antibody, denosumab. Although bisphosphonates and denosumab both inhibit bone resorption and prevent vertebral and non-vertebral fractures, their mechanisms of action are different. Whereas bisphosphonates’ effects on bone mineral density and fracture peak around 3 to 5 years and become plateaued, those of denosumab are maintained for up to 10 years. There are differences in the modes of action of these two drugs. Bisphosphonates accumulate on the mineralized bone surface and are released by the acid environment under osteoclastic bone resorption, whereas denosumab is not accumulated on bone but directly binds RANKL and inhibits its binding to the receptor RANK. Thus, the reduction in denosumab concentration 4 to 6 months after injection may enable RANK to bind to RANKL, where it is highly expressed, such as in damaged bone regions. As anabolic agents, only teriparatide has been available for a long time, but abaloparatide, a synthetic analog of PTHrP(1–34), is currently under development. Because of the difference in the preferential binding conformations of PTH1 receptor between teriparatide and abaloparatide, the latter shows anabolic effects with fewer bone resorptive effects. Romosozumab, an anti-sclerostin antibody, inhibits the action of sclerostin, a canonical Wnt signal inhibitor secreted from osteocytes, and enhances canonical Wnt signaling. Romosozumab robustly increases vertebral and proximal femoral bone mineral density within 12 months and inhibits vertebral and clinical fractures in patients with osteoporosis by enhancing bone formation and inhibiting bone resorption. In this review, we summarize the recent advances in therapeutic agents for the treatment of osteoporosis and discuss future prospects with their use.
The role of thiamine as a resuscitator in patients with nonalcoholic medical and CNS disorders
Authors: Shehab-Eldin Mohamed
Published: May 2017

Thiamine (vitamin B1), a water-soluble vitamin, is an essential factor in cellular metabolismand fundamental cofactor in important biochemical cycles. Thiamine deficiency is a wellknowncause of neurological and cardiologic disorders, especially in patients with alcoholdependence. Recently, several researchers have studied the role of thiamine deficiency incritically ill patients and the link between thiamine supplementation and changes in lactatelevels in septic shock patients. The role of thiamine in this group of patients is still unclear;however, thiamine supplementation does not cause toxic side effects or increase morbidityor mortality. In this review, we discuss the most common conditions associated with thiaminedeficiency and the limited literature available on thiamine supplementation in critically illpatients.
Temporal Alethic Dyadic Deontic Logic and the Contrary-to-Duty Obligation Paradox
Authors: Rönnedal Daniel
Published: May 2017

A contrary-to-duty obligation (sometimes called a reparational duty) is a conditional obligation where the condition is forbidden, e.g. “if you have hurt your friend, you should apologise”, “if he is guilty, he should confess”, and “if she will not keep her promise to you, she ought to call you”. It has proven very difficult to find plausible formalisations of such obligations in most deontic systems. In this paper, we will introduce and explore a set of temporal alethic dyadic deontic systems, i.e., systems that include temporal, alethic and dyadic deontic operators. We will then show how it is possible to use our formal apparatus to symbolise contrary-to-duty obligations and to solve the so-called contrary-to-duty (obligation) paradox, a problem well known in deontic logic. We will argue that this response to the puzzle has many attractive features. Semantic tableaux are used to characterise our systems proof theoretically and a kind of possible world semantics, inspired by the so-called T× W semantics, to characterise them semantically. Our models contain several different accessibility relations and a preference relation between possible worlds, which are used in the definitions of the truth conditions for the various operators. Soundness results are obtained for every tableau system and completeness results for a subclass of them.
OLNEY SÃO PAULO: BREVES ASPECTOS DA PESQUISA SOBRE O PERCURSO DO CINEASTA
Authors: Novaes Claudio Cledson , Reis Mírian Sumica Carneiro
Published: May 2017

Este artigo propõe algumas reflexões derivadas da pesquisa reali-zada sobre a obra de Olney São Paulo e apresenta seu percurso, bem como alguns resultados das articulações teóricas e críticas que os pesquisadores do Núcleo de Estudos em Literatura e Cinema (NELCI/UEFS) agenciam para dis-cutir a obra deste escritor e cineasta.
DA PROSA POÉTICA À CINEPLÁSTICA: UMA ANÁLISE DE À DERIVA (EN RADE, 1927), DE ALBERTO CAVALCANTI
Authors: Martins Fernanda Aguiar Carneiro
Published: May 2017

Quando Alberto Cavalcanti se lançou no seu terceiro filme, À deriva (En rade, 1927), estava mais uma vez desejoso de se consagrar à recriação de uma obra literária. Curiosamente, ele se interessa pela novela A partida do Valdívia (Le départ du Valdivia) do amigo e ator Philippe Hériat, esse escrito estando ainda em estado de manuscrito, sua primeira edição aparece apenas em 1933. É graças a seu viés poético e intimista, ideal para abordar a vida dos seres situados num lugar de trânsito, o porto e suas imediações, de onde partem os sonhos dos homens, que esse texto literário apaixona o cineasta. Eis uma das razões que explica o fato de que À deriva, obra-chave da filmo-grafia cavalcantiana, tenha ficado, para sempre, aclamado pelos críticos e historiadores. Nele, descobrimos um cinema de pesquisa, em avanço em seu tempo, que os vanguardistas põem em prática ao longo dos anos 1920.
GUINÉ PORTUGUESA VERSUS GUINÉ-BISSAU: A LUTA DA LIBERTAÇÃO NACIONAL E O PROJETO DE CONSTRUÇÃO DO ESTADO GUINEENSE
Authors: Monteiro Artemisa Odila Candé
Published: May 2017

Esse texto é parte da minha tese de doutorado, em andamento, que objetiva descrever como os processos de resistências na Guiné Portuguesa (nome atribuído a Guiné-Bissau no quadro da colonização portuguesa, sendo considerado assim o território exclusivo da ultramar portuguesa) se desen-cadearam, analisando o protagonismo dos seus habitantes; buscamos tam-bém desmistificar a concepção de passividade atribuída aos africanos du-rante os séculos da colonização nesse processo. Ao apresentar essa outra perspectiva, diferente do que se estabeleceu na literatura já existente, an-corada nas distorções eurocêntricas associadas ao passado do colonialismo na história da Guiné-Bissau, este estudo oferece outra perspectiva que busca contar uma História da África a partir da reflexão dos africanos.
MARCAS EMPÍRICAS NO DESENHO ESCOLAR TECNOLOGIAS PARA FORMAR PRODUTORES E CONSUMIDORES (ENSINO SECUNDÁRIO, EM PORTUGAL — SÉCULO XIX AOS FINAIS DE 1970)
Authors: Penim Lígia
Published: May 2017

Inscrito na história da análise curricular, o trabalho explora as rela- ções entre objetos e sujeitos, focando as tecnologias educativas para disci- plinar e governar os alunos. Os conceitos de disciplina e governo, que sub- jazem a este conjunto de reflexões, revelam a minha filiação em Michel Foucault. Esta abordagem permite um olhar crítico sobre as dinâmicas pedagógicas de minuciosos procedimentos com materiais, instrumentos e modelos usados no ensino do desenho. Questiono como o sistema educativo português encontrou, através do ensino secundário do desenho, possibilidades de educar alunos para o consumo e para a produção técnica, mas que, simultaneamente, os afastou da produção artística, cujo estatuto social foi amplamente valorizado e reservado apenas a alguns.
SABERES VIVENCIAIS: O TRABALHO DO PENSAMENTO SOCIAL NO CAMPO DA EDUCAÇÃO
Authors: Pimentel Álamo
Published: May 2017

O pensamento social contemporâneo está inscrito num amplo de- bate sobre as crises de interpretações que afetam as bases conceituais da modernidade. A educação está no “olho” da crise, suas origens filosófico- científicas são questionadas, sobretudo pelos excessos didático- metodológicos que rompem com os vínculos entre “escola” e outros espaços sociais. O presente ensaio busca indicar, em caráter provisório, a educação como uma das dimensões do pensamento social que além de interdisciplinar deve se reconhecer como intercontextual pela diversidade de espaços e tempos sociais e culturais em que se faz presente. Aqui estão expostas algu- mas qualidades dos mitos, das artes, das filosofias, das ciências e do senso comum que podem servir de inspiração para a compreensão da relação pro- funda entre saberes e vivências. A construção do texto busca suas referên- cias em autores contemporâneos que vêem as crises de interpretação do nosso tempo como um convite novas formulações para a ampliação do pre- sente. Ao lado destes autores o texto indica que o pensamento social pode oferecer novas compreensões para a ciência e todas as demais formas de sa- beres que com ela constroem, através da educação, suas práticas de afirma- ção, formação e transformação do humano no mundo.
DO OUTRO LADO DA AVENIDA RIVADAVIA: O ANTI-MUNDO
Authors: Siqueira Correia Heloísa Helena , De Souza Valdir Aparecido
Published: May 2017

A partir de pontuais relações entre história e literatura, as reflexões que se seguem giram em torno da construção mítica de Buenos Aires, da fronteira — sem linhas geográficas específicas, mas também com a indicação de fronteira com o Brasil — e do Sul, realizada por Jorge Luis Borges, toman- do símbolos, já recorrentes na literatura argentina, como o punhal, o gaúcho oriental, o duelo e o pampa e os torna universais. No caso específico dos duelos de gaúchos com armas brancas está presente o tema do duplo, tema importante para a literatura fantástica, promovendo a intersecção de planos literários diversos; a partir de uma leitura que toma esta estética como mi- mesis da representação, passa-se a observar a presença da mimesis da pro- dução, termo cunhado pelo crítico Luis Costa Lima para um tipo de mimesis que, ao invés de conjugar-se com a physis aproxima-se de uma antiphysis. A mimesis da representação está presente na fundação mítica de Buenos Aires, da fronteira e do Sul, nos contos que a concretizam e nos motivos borgeanos de tal fundação. A antiphysis, por sua vez, se pode notar em contos como “El inmortal”, “El evangelio según Marcos”, “Tlön, Uqbar, Orbis Tertius” e “El en- cuentro”.
METAMORFOSES: O COELHO-HOMEM OU HOMEM-COELHO, DE MURILO RUBIÃO
Authors: Da Silva Luciana Morais
Published: May 2017

Os cenários atravessados pela manifestação do insólito têm se tor- nado recorrente no âmbito das literaturas do fantástico. A personagem prin- cipal em “Teleco, o coelhinho” (RUBIÃO, 2005, p. 143-152) é um ser entre homem e animal. A narrativa pouco a pouco guia seus leitores pelo universo de um coelhinho, frágil ou intrometido? Não se sabe muito bem quais as fronteiras da convivência entre um homem e um coelho, aparentemente, i- nofensivo. O insólito irrompe dando à narrativa uma exacerbação das ações, com personagens que agem de modo inesperado, mas que no instante se- guinte são incapazes de tomar as atitudes esperadas. O coelho que se meta- morfoseia em homem, ou que almeja tornar-se um, é o mesmo que desperta a solidariedadedo outro a ponto de acolhê-lo em seu lar. Assim, a narrativa rubiana revela ao seu leitor, com maestria, uma vivência quotidiana, corri- queira, em que as pessoas buscam satisfação, porém com ela se debatem frente ao terror experimentado a partir de seus próprios dia-a-dia.
Reescrita e escrita: investigando a visão do aluno
Authors: Borba Valquíria Claudete Machado , Da Silva Lima Oliveira Rosemary
Published: May 2017

Este artigo apresenta uma análise de uma investigação sobre reescrita e escrita, tendo em vista o olhar do aluno para a prática da reescrita na sala de aula. Como sujeitos, tivemos 30 alunos de 8º ano do Ensino Fundamental de uma escola pública estadual de Santo Antônio de Jesus-BA. Utilizamos um questionário aberto, contendo 7 questões sobre o processo de reescrita. Os dados mostraram que a reescrita, conforme orientações e pesquisas atuais, não tem sido uma prática efetiva na sala de aula, uma vez que os dados mostraram que os alunos pouco compreendem o que é o processo de reescrita, fixando em aspectos superficiais do texto como questões gramaticais, ortográficas e de pontuação.