bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
DEREGULATION CONTROL BY MERGERS AND ACQUISITIONS: A GAME THEORETIC ANALYSIS OF THE CHINESE AIRLINE INDUSTRY
Authors: Ignatius Joshua , Tan Tian Siang , Dhamotharan Lalitha , Goh Mark
Published: December 2018

The major challenges of deregulation are lax market entry, sudden surge in new market entrants, and the intense price wars that ensue, thus causing major losses for any industry. This paper investigates whether deregulation can be structured through a controlled Mergers and Acquisitions (M&As) process by means of government intervention, and how this promotes the performance of the players in the industry. We study this in the context of the Chinese aviation industry as an ideal microcosm of our problem statement. This is because China’s civil aviation industry has witnessed many of the above challenges since its deregulation and economic reforms in 1979, which saw the beginning of a transformation from a fully state-owned machinery to a rent-seeking private sector. The post controlled deregulation process through M&As led to three dominant carriers: Air China Limited (AC), China Southern Airlines (CS), and China Eastern Airlines (CE). Using a 3-player non-cooperative perfect information Cournot oligopoly game model, the strategic efficacy of the government intervention to consolidate the industry based on operating expenses, air passenger revenue, and profit data are investigated respectively. All three airlines are better off after the exercise, with the industry facing a more sustainable growth by the intervention.
A Machine-learning-based Investigation of the Open Cluster M67
Authors: Gao Xinhua
Published: December 2018

In this paper, we use a machine-learning method, random forest (RF), to identify reliable members of the old (4 Gyr) open cluster M67 based on the high-precision astrometry and photometry taken from the secondGaiadata release (Gaia-DR2). The RF method is used to calculate membership probabilities of 71,117 stars within 2.°5 of the cluster center in an 11-dimensional parameter space, the photometric data are also taken into account. Based on the RF membership probabilities, we obtain 1502 likely cluster members (≥0.6), 1361 of which are high-probability cluster members (≥0.8). Based on high-probability memberships with high-precision astrometric data, the mean parallax (distance) and proper-motion of the cluster are determined to be 1.1327 ± 0.0018 mas (883 ± 1 pc) and (,) = (−10.9378 ±0.0078, −2.9465 ± 0.0074) mas yr−1, respectively. We find the cluster to have a mean radial velocity of +34.06 ±0.09 km s−1, using 74 high-probability cluster members with precise radial-velocity measures. We investigate the spatial structure of the cluster, the core and limiting radius are determined to be 4.′80 ± 0.′11 (∼1.23 ± 0.03 pc) and 61.′98 ± 1.′50 (∼15.92 ± 0.39 pc), respectively. Our results reveal that an escaped member with high membership probability (∼0.91) is located at a distance of 77′ (∼20 pc) from the cluster center. Furthermore, our results reveal that at least 26.4% of the main-sequence stars in M67 are binary stars. We confirm that significant mass segregation has taken place within M67.
A Search For Pulsations in the Optical Light Curve of the Nova ASASSN-17hx
Authors: Rosenthal Lee J. , Shen Ken , Hallinan Gregg , Singh Navtej , Chomiuk Laura , Margutti Raffaella , Metzger Brian
Published: December 2018

We present high-speed optical observations of the nova ASASSN-17hx, taken both immediately after its discovery and close to its first peak in brightness, to search for second–minute pulsations associated with the convective eddy turnover timescale within the nova envelope. We do not detect any periodic signal with greater than 3σ significance. Through injection and recovery, we rule out periodic signals of fractional amplitude >7.08 × 10−4 on timescales of 2 s and fractional amplitude >1.06 × 10−3 on timescales of 10 minutes. Additional observations of novae are planned to further constrain ongoing simulations of the launch and propagation of nova winds.
Thermal Doppler Broadening of Spectral Emissions in Space and Astrophysical Plasmas
Authors: Livadiotis G.
Published: December 2018

The paper develops analytical modeling of thermal Doppler broadening of spectral profiles for particle populations described by kappa distributions, in the absence or presence of potential fields. The kappa distribution provides a straightforward replacement for the Maxwell distribution, that is, a generalization for describing systems characterized by local correlations among their particles, commonly found in space and astrophysical plasmas. The corresponding Voigt profiles are derived by convoluting the thermal and natural/collisional Lorentzian profiles. The kappa velocity distributions are employed to derive the thermal Doppler and Voigt profiles, while the kappa phase-space distributions in the presence of potential fields that depend on the position vector, are used to derive their respective differential profiles. We focus on attractive power-law potentials (oscillation-type, gravitational-type, and angular potentials), and study the variations of the produced Voigt differential profiles in detail. The developed formulations and guidelines provide a useful and statistically well-grounded “toolbox” for future reference in data analyses, simulations, analytical modeling, and theories of spectroscopy and related subjects of space and astrophysical plasmas.
Climates of Warm Earth-like Planets. I. 3D Model Simulations
Authors: Way M. J. , Del Genio Anthony D. , Aleinov Igor , Clune Thomas L. , Kelley Maxwell , Kiang Nancy Y.
Published: December 2018

We present a large ensemble of simulations of an Earth-like world with increasing insolation and rotation rate. Unlike previous work utilizing idealized aquaplanet configurations, we focus our simulations on modern Earth-like topography. The orbital period is the same as that of modern Earth, but with zero obliquity and eccentricity. The atmosphere is 1 bar N2-dominated with CO2 = 400 ppmv and CH4 = 1 ppmv. The simulations include two types of oceans: one without ocean heat transport (OHT) between grid cells, as has been commonly used in the exoplanet literature, and the other a fully coupled dynamic bathtub type ocean. The dynamical regime transitions that occur as day length increases induce climate feedbacks producing cooler temperatures, first via the reduction of water vapor with increasing rotation period despite decreasing shortwave cooling by clouds, and then via decreasing water vapor and increasing shortwave cloud cooling, except at the highest insolations. Simulations without OHT are more sensitive to insolation changes for fast rotations, while slower rotations are relatively insensitive to ocean choice. OHT runs with faster rotations tend to be similar with gyres transporting heat poleward, making them warmer than those without OHT. For slower rotations OHT is directed equatorward and no high-latitude gyres are apparent. Uncertainties in cloud parameterization preclude a precise determination of habitability but do not affect robust aspects of exoplanet climate sensitivity. This is the first paper in a series that will investigate aspects of habitability in the simulations presented herein. The data sets from this study are open source and publicly available.
Narrow C iv Absorption Lines with Multi-epoch Observations
Authors: Chen Zhi-Fu , Yao Min , Pang Ting-Ting , Yi Ting-Feng , Lu Mei-Mei , Liu Chun-Qun , Nong Wei-Jing , Liang Qiu-Ying , Liang Jian-Zeng , Ma Shi-Hai , Wu Li-Hua , Gan Yao-Qing , Zou Mei-Li
Published: December 2018

Using the quasar spectra from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey, all with two-epoch to six-epoch observations, we search for C IV
λλ1548,1551 narrow absorption doublets in spectral data from the blue wing υ
r = 30,000 km s−1 until the red wing of C IV
λ1549 emission lines. We have obtained 21,239 C IV narrow absorption line (NAL) systems, of which 647 systems were significantly changed on timescales from ΔMJD = 0.24 to 1842.38 days at rest-frame. Both samples of the C IV NAL systems with multi-epoch observations and the variable C IV NAL systems are the largest ones to date. The offset velocity distribution of the variable C IV NALs from quasars has a peak at υ
r ≈ 2000 km s−1 and gently extends to a larger offset velocity. There are 110 variable C IV NALs with υ
r > 12,000 km s−1. In addition, about 10% intrinsic C IV NALs show time variability on a timescale of <2000 days. We find that the variations of C IV NALs are positively or negatively correlated with the alternations of quasar continua. The two kinds of correlations suggest that the variable C IV NALs included in our absorber catalog can be classified into at least two populations: (1) highly ionized systems that are dominated by highly ionized absorbing gas and negatively respond to the fluctuations of quasar emissions; and (2) lowly ionized systems that are dominated by lowly ionized absorbing gas and positively respond to fluctuations of quasar emissions. We also find that the absolute fractional changes in the absorption strengths of C IV NALs are inversely correlated with absorption strengths.
The Discovery of a Luminous Broad Absorption Line Quasar at a Redshift of 7.02
Authors: Wang Feige , Yang Jinyi , Fan Xiaohui , Yue Minghao , Wu Xue-Bing , Schindler Jan-Torge , Bian Fuyan , Li Jiang-Tao , Farina Emanuele P. , Bañados Eduardo , Davies Frederick B. , Decarli Roberto , Green Richard , Jiang Linhua , Hennawi Joseph F. , Huang Yun-Hsin , Mazzucchelli Chiara , McGreer Ian D. , Venemans Bram , Walter Fabian , Beletsky Yuri
Published: December 2018

Despite extensive efforts, to date only two quasars have been found at z > 7, due to a combination of low spatial density and high contamination from more ubiquitous Galactic cool dwarfs in quasar selection. This limits our current knowledge of the super-massive black hole growth mechanism and reionization history. In this Letter, we report the discovery of a luminous quasar at z = 7.021, DELS J003836.10–152723.6 (hereafter J0038–1527), selected using photometric data from Dark Energy Spectroscopic Instrument Legacy Imaging Survey, Pan-STARRS1 (PS1) imaging Survey, as well as Wide-field Infrared Survey Explore mid-infrared all-sky survey. With an absolute magnitude of M
1450 = –27.1 and bolometric luminosity of L
Bol = 5.6 × 1013
L
⊙, J0038–1527 is the most luminous quasar known at z > 7. Deep optical to near-infrared spectroscopic observations suggest that J0038–1527 hosts a 1.3 billion solar mass black hole accreting at the Eddington limit, with an Eddington ratio of 1.25 ± 0.19. The C iv broad emission line of J0038–1527 is blueshifted by more than 3000 km s−1 relative to the quasar systemic redshift. More detailed investigations of the high-quality spectra reveal three extremely high-velocity C iv broad absorption lines with velocity from 0.08 to 0.14 times the speed of light and total “balnicity” index of more than 5000 km s−1, suggesting the presence of relativistic outflows. J0038–1527 is the first quasar found at the epoch of reionization with such strong outflows, and therefore provides a unique laboratory to investigate active galactic nuclei feedback on the formation and growth of the most massive galaxies in the early universe.
Evolution of Dark Energy Reconstructed from the Latest Observations
Authors: Wang Yuting , Pogosian Levon , Zhao Gong-Bo , Zucca Alex
Published: December 2018

We reconstruct the evolution of the dark energy (DE) density using a nonparametric Bayesian approach from a combination of the latest observational data. We caution against parameterizing DE in terms of its equation of state as it can be singular in modified gravity models, and using it introduces a bias preventing negative effective DE densities. We find a 3.7σ preference for an evolving effective DE density with interesting features. For example, it oscillates around the Λ cold dark matter prediction at z ≲ 0.7, and could be negative at z ≳ 2.3; DE can be pressure-less at multiple redshifts, and a short period of cosmic deceleration is allowed at 0.1 ≲ z ≲ 0.2. We perform the reconstruction for several choices of the prior, as well as a evidence-weighted reconstruction. We find that some of the dynamical features, such as the oscillatory behavior of the DE density, are supported by the Bayesian evidence, which is a first detection of a dynamical DE with a positive Bayesian evidence. The evidence-weighted reconstruction prefers a dynamical DE at a (2.5 ± 0.06)σ significance level.
Scientific Domain Knowledge Improves Exoplanet Transit Classification with Deep Learning
Authors: Ansdell Megan , Ioannou Yani , Osborn Hugh P. , Sasdelli Michele ,   (2018 NASA Frontier Development Lab Exoplanet Team), Smith Jeffrey C. , Caldwell Douglas , Jenkins Jon M. , Räissi Chedy , Angerhausen Daniel ,   (2018 NASA Frontier Development Lab Exoplanet Mentors)
Published: December 2018

Space-based missions such as Kepler, and soon the Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite (TESS), provide large data sets that must be analyzed efficiently and systematically. Recent work by Shallue & Vanderburg successfully used state-of-the-art deep learning models to automatically classify Kepler transit signals as either exoplanets or false positives; our application of their model yielded 95.8% accuracy and 95.5% average precision. Here we expand upon that work by including additional scientific domain knowledge into the network architecture and input representations to significantly increase overall model performance to 97.5% accuracy and 98.0% average precision. Notably, we achieve 15%–20% gains in recall for the lowest signal-to-noise transits that can correspond to rocky planets in the habitable zone. We input into the network centroid time-series information derived from Kepler data plus key stellar parameters taken from the Kepler data release 25 catalog. We also implement data augmentation techniques to alleviate model over-fitting. These improvements allow us to drastically reduce the size of the model, while still maintaining improved performance; smaller models are better for generalization, for example from Kepler to TESS data. This Letter illustrates the importance of including expert domain knowledge in even state-of-the-art deep learning models when applying them to scientific research problems that seek to identify weak signals in noisy data. This classification tool will be especially useful for upcoming space-based photometry missions focused on finding small planets, such as TESS and PLATO.
The Merging of Two Stream Interaction Regions within 1 au: The Possible Role of Magnetic Reconnection
Authors: Wang Zehao , Guo Jianpeng , Feng Xueshang , Liu Chaoxu , Huang Hui , Lin Haibo , Tan Chenming , Yan Yihua , Wan Weixing
Published: December 2018

As the Sun rotates, a fast stream can overtake a preceding slow stream, leading to the formation of a stream interaction region (SIR). Two neighboring SIRs may eventually coalesce to produce a merged interaction region (MIR) en route to the outer heliosphere. However, instances of significant interaction and merging of two neighboring SIRs within 1 au are thought to be extremely rare. In this Letter, we present a case report of two interacting and merging SIRs observed near 1 au, which was associated with two adjacent low-latitude coronal holes. The two SIRs were filled with outward propagating Alfvénic fluctuations associated with magnetohydrodynamic turbulence. A reconnection exhaust associated with a current sheet was identified. We suggest that magnetic reconnection represented a potentially important mechanism for the merging of two neighboring SIRs. This observation may shed light on the understanding of the structure and formation of a MIR within 1 au.
Microhabitat segregation among three co-existing species of grasshoppers on a rural meadow near Seoul, South Korea
Authors: Jung Yongjun , Baek Minjung , Lee Sang-im , Jablonski Piotr G.
Published: December 2018

Microhabitat segregation among grasshopper species in Asia has not been well studied. We determined the differences in the use of substrates by three common North East Asian grasshopper species co-existing on a natural meadow near Seoul, South Korea. While many Oedaleusinfernalis individuals were found on the ground, Acridacinerea and Atractomorphalata were usually observed on plants. Acridacinerea was mostly observed on the grass Zoysiajaponica (Poaceae) and Atractomorphalata was mostly found on plants from the family Asteraceae. This is the first study to provide quantitative information about microhabitat differences among some common grasshoppers in rural habitats of continental North East Asia. Future studies should focus on determining the mechanisms that produce such ecological segregation.
ROCOCO system of combined neutron constants – current status and results of testing using geometrical module of the MMK code
Authors: Zherdev Gennady , Kislitsyna Tamara , Nikolayev Mark
Published: December 2018

Results of studies aimed at the further refinement of the ROCOCO system (routine for calculation and organization of combined constants including cross-sections in group and subgroup representation with detailed description of energy dependence of neutron cross-sections) (Zherdev et al. 2018, Kislitsina et al. 2016) are presented in the paper. Inclusion of this system as a physical module into a set of Monte Carlo calculation codes with OOBG geometric module from the MMK code (Zherdev et al. 2003) is discussed. OOBG module is designed for calculation of neutron multiplication systems with heterogenous cores arranged as hexagonal grids with different degrees of complexity. The name ROCOCO-MMK was assigned to the complex. Results of testing the complex in the calculations of multi-zone neutron multiplication systems (including those with zones containing neutron moderator, zones with close composition but with different temperature, etc.) are described. Accounting for the dependence of constants for one and the same nuclide in the zones with different compositions and temperatures required substantial modernization of routines for preparation of constants for calculation described in (Zherdev et al. 2018). Algorithm for preparation of subgroup constants was modified, methodology for taking into account resonance self-screening of cross-sections within the range of unresolved resonances was improved, and other changes were introduced in the process of this modernization.

Results of calculations are compared with data obtained using the MCNP-5 precision program (MCNP 1987), which is linked to the same library of evaluated neutron data ROSFOND as that used in ROCOCO. The ROCOCO-MMK includes procedures for registering different neutron flux functionals (also based on ROCOCO data), which allowed including it in the SCALA computation complex (Zherdev et al. 2003, Zherdev 2005), and performing step-by-step calculation of evolution of fuel nuclide composition during the fuel residence campaign. Directions for further development of the system are outlined in conclusion and, in particular, some possibilities of using the created software for further improvement of methods for preparation of few-group constants for calculations in diffusion approximation are examined.
Rohingya : une sortie de crise est-elle possible ?
Authors: Boisseau du Rocher Sophie
Published: December 2018

Le dossier rohingya renvoie à une histoire nationale et régionale complexe. La marginalisation, l’exclusion des Rohingya des communautés formant le Myanmar, s’aggravent encore avec la crise de l’été 2017. L’attitude du pouvoir birman traduit surtout la dominance de l’armée, qui s’assure du soutien du courant le plus nationaliste. L’ASEAN a, dans cette crise, surtout montré son inefficacité. Et l’ONU n’a pu dépasser le blocage chinois. Pour l’heure, nulle solution durable n’apparaît proche.
L’Intelligence artificielle révolutionnera-t-elle l’art de la guerre ?
Authors: Noël Jean-Christophe
Published: December 2018

Les développements de l’Intelligence artificielle (IA) n’en sont qu’à leurs débuts et ils ont déjà un impact sur les forces armées. Certains systèmes d’arme sont aujourd’hui capables de déterminer automatiquement les cibles à traiter. À terme, les progrès de l’IA pourraient conduire à une véritable révolution militaire voire à une mutation dans le rapport entre l’homme et la guerre. Les prospectivistes les plus pessimistes imaginent des scénarios apocalyptiques mais le pire n’est jamais certain.
Mudanças e andanças em nome do combate à criminalidade e da defesa da sociedade
Authors: Magalhães Maria Manuela , Guimarães Ana Paula
Published: December 2018

A crescente sensação de insegurança da população vai exigindo do poder punitivo estatal um desempenho maior, mais acelerado e eficaz. Esta reivindicação tem vindo a denotar uma evidente determinação no sentido de se obter uma justiça penal dura, rígida e modelar. Nesta linha, o legislador, não imune às reclamações da população, mas também em consequência de populismos triviais, acaba por ceder e introduzir mudanças na lei processual penal, respondendo assim ao fenómeno reivindicativo. Acontece que a tendência punitivista e securitária restringe necessariamente as garantias dos arguidos, que também são cidadãos. E é justamente esta vertente, da discutível trilogia “segurança, liberdade, administração da justiça penal”, que é objecto desta reflexão. Daí que tivéssemos tentado dar um contributo, a propósito de algumas alterações da lei processual penal portuguesa, no que respeita às declarações do arguido e ao julgamento em processo sumário, que afectaram alguns direitos deste sujeito processual.
A violência no namoro em casais do mesmo sexo: discursos de homens gays
Authors: Elísio Rita , Neves Sofia , Paulos Rita
Published: December 2018

A violência na intimidade entre casais de pessoas do mesmo sexo é semelhante, em termos de caraterísticas e dinâmicas, à violência praticada entre casais de pessoas de sexo diferente. O presente artigo qualitativo tem o principal objetivo de retratar a violência entre casais de pessoas do mesmo sexo através de representações de homens gays. Assim, realizaram-se dois grupos focais com 17 jovens, com idades entre os 19 e 29 anos (M=24.06). Após uma análise de conteúdo temática, concluímos que apesar das semelhanças entre os diversos casais, existem fatores (e.g., dupla estigmatização, invisibilidade, isolamento) que apontam para uma ocultação agravada da violência. A criação de serviços de apoio a vítimas e a formação de profissionais foram apontados como as principais formas de combate à violência, considerando-se pertinente integrar conteúdos de igualdade de género nos programas escolares.
Crítica da razão populista
Authors: Marcelo Gonçalo
Published: December 2018

Neste artigo, coloca-se a questão da atualidade da crítica, analisando igualmente, de forma mais circunscrita, um fenómeno específico – o do “populismo”. Mostra-se como o populismo tem aparecido de forma pejorativa no espaço público e defende-se, com Laclau (2005), que este fenómeno não deve ser rejeitado em bloco, uma vez que apresenta uma racionalidade específica, importante para o processo democrático, mas que, no entanto, deve ser submetida a uma crítica. Assim, avançando aquilo a que no artigo se chama uma “crítica da razão populista”, pretende-se contribuir não só para uma reavaliação do que significa a razão nos dias que correm, mas também se avançam critérios para distinguir aquilo que de produtivo ou nocivo pode existir no fenómeno do populismo, através de uma análise das narrativas e valores que cada discurso “populista” transmite.
El modelo de participación ciudadana en salud en Puertollano (España): más allá de la voluntad política y del empoderamiento ciudadano
Authors: Gil Marta Aguilar , García José María Bleda
Published: December 2018

El modelo de participación ciudadana en salud implantado en el área sanitaria de Puertollano (Castilla-La Mancha, España) se desarrolló durante los años 2008-2011. Fue un modelo innovador, prestigioso y legitimado, basado en la participación activa y deliberativa de diferentes actores implicados en el sistema sanitario. En el año 2011, el gobierno conservador surgido de las elecciones regionales paralizó todas las actuaciones relacionadas con el modelo. A consecuencia de ello se ha estimado conveniente hacer una evaluación a posteriori al finalizar el periodo de implantación, con el objetivo de realizar un análisis riguroso, sistemático y científico sobre lo sucedido durante los años 2008-2015, incidiendo en las debilidades y amenazas del modelo en su aplicación. Para el análisis se ha utilizado una metodología cualitativa, mediante entrevistas en profundidad a actores implicados en la implantación del modelo.
Participação pública na saúde: das ideias à ação em Portugal
Authors: Crisóstomo Sofia , Santos Margarida
Published: December 2018

Em Portugal, a participação em saúde está prevista do ponto de vista normativo, em particular ao nível político e institucional. Apesar da preocupação de alguns decisores em promover a participação pública em saúde, esta tem-se revelado insuficiente. É neste contexto, de reconhecimento dos benefícios da participação, mas de ausência de mecanismos capazes de garantir essa participação em processos de decisão sobre saúde, que surge a iniciativa “MAIS PARTICIPAÇÃO melhor saúde”. Esta visa a reivindicação da institucionalização de mecanismos participativos, dando resposta aos anseios de um vasto conjunto de ativistas em saúde, mas também da população portuguesa em geral, que reivindicam o direito a serem envolvidos, de forma regular e efetiva, nas decisões em saúde que os afetam.
Resin Flow in Porous-Fibrous Media: An Application to Polymer Composite Manufacturing
Authors: do Nascimento Santos M.J. , Delgado João M.P.Q. , Barbosa de Lima A.G. , Rodrigues Iran
Published: December 2018

This chapter aims to present a theoretical study of the fluid flow in porous media, with particular reference to manufacturing of polymer composites reinforced with fibers via resin transfer molding process. The mass and momentum conservation equations, including the effect of resin sorption by the fibers, and Darcy's law, are presented, and the analytical solution of the governing equation is obtained via method of separation of variables. Predicted results of the flow front, velocity, volumetric flow rate and pressure fields of the resin inside the model, during the injection process, are presented, and the effects of the injection pressure, resin viscosity and sorption term, are also analyzed.
Mass Transfer in Tubular Ceramic Membranes for Polluted Water Treatment - Numerical Simulation
Authors: Saraiva de Souza J. , dos Santos Filho S. José , de Farias Neto Severino Rodrigues , Barbosa de Lima A.G. , Fernandes Magalhães H. Luma
Published: December 2018

Innovative technologies are needed to attend the increasingly strict requirements for produced water treatment, since most of the separation processes are limited to particles larger than 10 μm. Separation processes using ceramic membranes are attracting great interest from academic and industrial community. Nevertheless, few studies, especially numerical, regarding the inorganic membrane’s application for the polluted water separation have been reported. In the present work, therefore, a study of fluid-flow dynamics for a laminar regime in porous tubes (tubular porous ceramic membrane) has been performed. The mass, momentum and mass transport conservation equations were solved with the aid of a structured mesh using ANSYS CFX commercial package. The velocity of local permeation was determined using the resistance in series model. The specific resistance of the polarized layer was obtained by Carman-Kozeny equation. The numerical results were evaluated and compared with the results available in the literature, where by a good agreement with each other was found. The numerical results, obtained by the proposed shell and tubular membrane separation module, indicate that there is facilitation of mass transfer and hence a reduction in the thickness of the polarized boundary layer occurs.
The Cooling and Freezing of Parallelepiped-Shaped Solid: Foundations and Application to Food Product
Authors: Mesquita da Silva M. , Barbosa de Lima A.G. , Gomes J. Palmeira , Pereira da Silva W. , Araújo de Queiroz R. , de Lima W.M. Paiva Barbosa
Published: December 2018

Freezing is a physical treatment commonly used in operations such as drying, conservation and lyophilization of foods. In the processing and potato industries, parameters like dimension and initial moisture content of the product has a great effect on the cooling, freezing and post-freezing kinetics. Therefore, this work presents a transient three-dimensional mathematical modeling including phase change to describe the heat transfer during the process, of cooling and freezing parallelepiped foods. The governing equation was solved numerically using the finite-volume technique and a full implicit formulation. As an application, this methodology was used to describe the freezing process of potato (french-fry). Numerical results of the temperature in the center of the product were compared to the experimental data reported in the literature and a good agreement was obtained. Results of the temperature distribution inside the solid and cooling, freezing and post-freezing kinetics are presented and analyzed. It was verified that, the smaller the dimensions and lower the initial moisture content of the product, the solidification of water inside the solid occurs even faster. The largest temperature gradients were identified in the surface, close to the regions of the borders of the solid.
Identification of Para-Bombay blood group in an anemic patient: a case report
Authors: Manchanayake S. M. G. S. , Subasinghe N. D. N. S. , Samarajeewa S. B. , Herath H. M. A. P.
Published: December 2018

No abstract available
A case of Cows' milk allergy in the syndrome of thrombocytopenia with absent radius
Authors: Kankananarachchi I. , Rathuwithana R. D. A. C. , Vithana S. R. , Gunawardena T. P. J. G.
Published: December 2018

No abstract available
Recurrent carpopedal spasms and numbness over limb extremities in an 11 year old
Authors: Samararathna R. , Naotunna C. , Kankananarachchi I. , Pathmakanthi K. A. I. , Hemali H. M. P. , Dharmawardena H.
Published: December 2018

No abstract available
Nymphal feeding habits of two Anacroneuria species (Plecoptera, Perlidae) from Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta, Colombia
Authors: Hurtado Yesely M. , Tamaris-Turizo Cesar E. , López Rodriguez Manuel J. , Tierno de Figueroa J. Manuel
Published: December 2018

The knowledge of the diet of aquatic insects is important to assess the use of resources and overlap of trophic niche between species, as well as to understand their role in the food web of the freshwater ecosystems they inhabit. This is particularly necessary in tropical areas where information on this topic is scarce. The aim of the present work is to describe the feeding habits of the species Anacroneuria marta Zúñiga and Stark, 2002 and Anacroneuria caraca Stark, 1995 in the middle section of the Gaira River (Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta, Colombia). We performed three samplings during the rainy and dry seasons in the two main different microhabitats of the reach (leaf packs and gravel) in 2014. The diet of a total of 87 and 90 individuals of A. caraca and A. marta, respectively, was studied. With this information, niche breadth for each species and niche overlap between them in terms of trophic resources were calculated. The main trophic resource for both species in the dry and rainy season was the animal matter. In the dry season, FPOM was also important in the diet of A. caraca, and A. marta ingested a great quantity of CPOM in the rainy season. Larvae of Trichoptera, were the most ingested prey in both species, followed by Chironomidae, Coleoptera Hydrophilidae, and Ephemeroptera. No differences in diet between both species were detected, so this could favor the niche overlap in terms of trophic resources and could lead to competition between them. The possible ecological scenarios are discussed.
Prevalence of Salmonella in juvenile dogs affected with parvoviral enteritis
Authors: Botha Willem J. , Schoeman Johan P. , Marks Stanley L. , Whitehead Zandri , Annandale Cornelius H.
Published: December 2018

Salmonellosis is a disease of major zoonotic importance and canine parvovirus is a potentially fatal cause of canine enteritis with a world-wide distribution. Persistent isolation of Salmonella during routine environmental sampling surveys of a hospital ward, reserved for the treatment of dogs with canine parvovirus infection, prompted investigation into a possible source. We hypothesised that dogs affected by canine parvovirus would have a higher prevalence of faecal salmonellae compared to an apparently healthy cohort. Seventy-four client-owned dogs naturally infected with canine parvovirus and 42 apparently healthy client-owned dogs were included in the study. This prospective, longitudinal, observational study was conducted over an 18-month period. Fresh faecal samples were collected from dogs aged 6 weeks to 9 months diagnosed with canine parvovirus infection and admitted for treatment, and from apparently healthy dogs presented for vaccination or routine hospital procedures. Faeces were submitted for the isolation, antimicrobial susceptibility testing and serotyping of salmonellae. The prevalence of faecal Salmonella shedding was 22% and 31% for the affected and apparently healthy dogs, respectively, which was not statistically different. No significant associations between Salmonella status and possible risk factors or continuous variables such as age, body weight and duration of hospitalisation were identified. All the Salmonella isolates (n = 32) were resistant to penicillin G, lincomycin and tylosin. Salmonellae from nine different serotypes were identified. The prevalence of Salmonella shedding in both groups was higher than that commonly reported, yet similar to those in previous reports on young dogs, shelter dogs or dogs fed a raw meat diet.
Clinical and genetic profile of a cohort of pyridoxamine 5-Phosphate oxidase deficiency – A single-center experience
Authors: Fathalla Waseem , Al Menhali Noora , Hosain Syed , Ibrahim Fatima
Published: December 2018

Background: Pyridoxamine 5-phosphate oxidase deficiency (PNPOD) is a rare treatable neonatal epileptic encephalopathy. It is important to raise awareness about this condition to enable early treatment. Methodology: This is a retrospective chart review of PNPOD cases followed at Mafraq Hospital during 2011–September 2017. The inclusion criteria include confirmed homozygous or compound heterozygous mutation in pyridox(am)ine-5-phosphate oxidase (PNPO) gene. Results: Seven cases were identified, all Emiratis from two tribes. Six cases from Tribe A had homozygous genetic variant C.674G>T: P. Arg255 Leu (one is presumed to have the same mutation based on confirmed proband sibling and carrier state of the parents of this sibship). One patient from Tribe B was tested abroad and has a confirmed homozygous pathogenic variant in PNPO gene (details not available). All six patients with the identical mutation are from one Emirati tribe suggest a founder effect. Two neonates treated in the first few days of life had the best clinical outcome of seizure control and neurodevelopment. One mortality (the deceased sibling of a normally developing child with this disease) highlights the great importance of early treatment. The remaining four patients had incomplete seizure control with neurobehavioral delay. Patients with intractable epilepsy and poor neurodevelopment never received pyridoxal 5-phosphate in the 1st days of life, although they received pyridoxine and other anti-seizure medications. Conclusion: PNPOD is a treatable neonatal epileptic encephalopathy; however, early treatment is essential for optimal outcomes. A management algorithm for intractable neonatal seizures emphasizing the crucial “treat before you diagnose” approach is critical for such cases.
Anti-Hepatitis B Antibody status in children with coeliac disease
Authors: Hweta Areej , Shagleb Asma , Elgadi Mohamed , Zaghdani Abulraouf , Sagher Fauzi
Published: December 2018

Objective: This study aimed to compare the antibodies response to hepatitis B virus (HBV) vaccine between Libyan children with coeliac disease (CD) and healthy control. Subjects and Methods: A total of 66 children with CD on a gluten-free diet (GFD) and 31 randomly allocated healthy children who received HBV vaccination according to the standard immunization schedule were included. Hepatitis B virus surface antigen (HBsAg) and the production of specific anti-HBs antibodies were evaluated in all patients and control participants using standard techniques. Patients with <10 IU/L anti-HBs antibodies were considered nonresponses to the vaccination. Results: None of the participants were HBsAg reactive. Forty-one of the 66 patients (62%) were female, and 25 (37.8%) were male. The mean age of the CD patients was 8.2 years (range, 22 months-15 years). Anti-HBs titers were positive in 40 (60.6%) patients and negative in 26 (39.3%) patients, whereas they were positive in 19 (61.2%) of the children in the control group and negative in 12 (38.7%).There was no significant difference in response to vaccine between the two groups (P = 0.83), the study revealed a statistically significant relation between negative anti-HBs titers and duration from the last dose of HBV vaccine (P = 0.004). Conclusion: In the present study, the response rate in Libyan children with CD on GFD was not different from healthy control. However, not all children need booster dose; only nonresponders need an intradermal test-booster dose to reassess the state of their memory cell before considering revaccination.
Unexplained fever and arthritis in a teenager with Type 1 diabetes
Authors: Kazmi Touseef , Abbas Saira , Hafidh Khadija
Published: December 2018

Brucellosis is a relatively prevalent zoonotic infection in the Mediterranean region and the Arabian Peninsula. Due to the multi-system involvement and nonspecific nature of the complaints, making a diagnosis can sometimes be particularly challenging. We present the case of a Libyan-American adolescent with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) residing in the United Arab Emirates who presented with fever, flu-like symptoms, and arthritis. When his initial septic workup did not reveal a focus of infection, and he continued to be febrile with the development of multiple painful and swollen joints, a diagnosis of autoimmune arthritis was entertained given his background history of autoimmune T1DM. However, on further probing, we ascertained a history of raw camel cheese ingestion. This redirected us to look for and subsequently confirm the diagnosis of brucellosis. Appropriate antibiotic treatment led to rapid recovery of the patient.
ESCHERICHIA COLI AS AN INDEX TO SANITATION*
Authors: Newman R. W.
Published: December 2018

The validity of the coliform test as an “index to sanitation” is open to question. The presence of E. coli in pasteurized milk can mean so many things including survival of pasteurization, growth, contaminated equipment, etc., that its mere presence in milk does not and can not mean anything unless it is traced back to its source and its significance, if any, determined. Otherwise, the test is not an “index to sanitation” but only an index to coliform contamination.
INFLUENCE OF PENICILLIN IN MILK ON TOTAL AND COLIFORM BACTERIA PLATE COUNTS*
Authors: Wilkowske H. H. , Krienke W. A.
Published: December 2018

Storage of milk at 10° C for 72 hours that contained 1.0 unit of penicillin per milliliter of milk resulted in no significant increases in total plate counts while the counts increased considerably in control samples under similar conditions. Although this would indicate a preservative property of penicillin it is recommended that penicillin not be added to market milk for reasons which are discussed. Coliform plate counts were not affected by as much as 10 units of penicillin per milliliter of milk. A decrease in penicillin concentration in milk indicated possible production of a “penicillinase” by the coliform organisms.
LYE SOLUTION FOR MILKING MACHINE RUBBER PARTS*
Authors: Johns C. K.
Published: December 2018

To determine how wide a margin of safety existed with the lye soak solution, the residual milk was allowed to dry on to the teat-cup assemblies, then without any attempt at cleaning they were filled with the lye solution. This, supplemented by a weekly brush-washing, maintained these parts in good sanitary condition. The several advantages of the lye solution employed are indicated.
SANITIZATION OF DAIRY FARM UTENSILS. A COMPARISON OF A CLEANER-SANITIZER CONTAINING HYAMINE 1622 WITH AN ALKALINE CLEANER AND HYPOCLORITE SANITIZER
Authors: Botwright W. E.
Published: December 2018

On the basis of total and thermoduric plate counts of milk, sixty producers were divided into two groups of equal sanitary level. One group was supplied a standard cleaner and hypochlorite sanitizer. The other was given a detergent-sanitizer containing Hyamine 1622 and Triton X-100. The detergent-sanitizer group showed greater quality improvement, especially on lower grade farms. Appearance of utensils, farmer's comments, and laboratory studies indicate that these results were due to the superior detersive and germicidal properties of the detergent-sanitizer.
AN IMPROVED PROCEDURE FOR MICROSCOPIC GRADING OF MILK INTENDED FOR PASTEURIZATION
Authors: Morgan Max E. , MacLeod Patricia , Anderson E. O. , Bliss C. I.
Published: December 2018

Sequential analysis has been applied to the microscopic grading of raw milk for three common bacterial standards. Simple grading tables have been developed which permit rapid acceptance or rejection of good and poor milk respectively but require maximum examination of borderline milk. Routine use of sequential grading requires considerable less microscopic examination and yields results of a precision equal to or greater than that expected with the present standard procedure.
SOME ASPECTS OF AN EMERGENCY MILK AND FOOD SANITATION PROGRAM*
Authors: Taylor Darold W. , Lieberman James
Published: December 2018

The milk and food sanitarian plays a very important part in the planning, coordinating and expediting of a civil defense program. The maintenance of normal milk and food supply levels represents only one facet of the civil defense program. Atomic, biological, and chemical warfare will present new problems in addition to those known from high explosive and incendiary bombs. Preparatory over-all measures at state and local levels must be planned with civil defense authorities. The local sanitarian will be looked to for the detailed planning of the milk and food program.
SOME FACTORS WHICH CONTRIBUTE TO THE PSYCHROPHILIC BACTERIAL COUNT IN MARKET MILK*
Authors: Rogick F. A. , Burgwald L. H.
Published: December 2018

Results indicate the mesophilic counts were approximately three times greater than the psychrophilic counts in raw milk. No psychrophilies were ever found in 4.1 ml of pasteurized milk taken from the vat (LTLT) or from the HTST pasteurization system. Psychrophiles were found in some of the bottled milk, taken at the start of bottling operations.

Psychrophiles were found in all samples at the end of one week storage at refrigeration temperatures, and almost invariably the psychrophilic count at this time was higher than the mesophilic count.

Results indicate the psychrophilic bacteria were not thermoduric and probably were facultative rather than true psychrophiles. They were mostly cocci or non-spore forming bacilli, inert or acid forming.
THE INFLUENCE OF DDT WETTABLE POWDER ON THE METHYLENE BLUE REDUCTION TEST IN MILK
Authors: Millian S. J. , Weiser H. H.
Published: December 2018

DDT has been detected in the milk of cows fed forage crops exposed to the insecticide. DDT, in the form of a wettable powder, was added to raw milk to determine its effect on the methylene blue reduction test. The results indicate that the presence of appreciable quantities of DDT wettable powder materially interfere with the accuracy of the test. Care should be exercised in interpreting reduction tests of milk containing this insecticide.
PRINCIPLES OF FOOD MICROBIOLOGY*
Authors: Halvorson H. O.
Published: December 2018

A discussion of some of the fundamental principles that are involved in food microbiology. Particular stress is placed on the factors that contribute to initial and inplant contamination and to those affecting the growth of the organisms which can give rise to very large numbers in a relatively short time when conditions are favorable. Tables and figures are used to illustrate the importance of avoiding contamination with actively growing cultures.
PSYCHROPHILIC BACTERIA—A SANITATION PROBLEM1 2
Authors: Parker R. B. , Coldwell A. L. , Elliker P. R.
Published: December 2018

The Weber and Black method for evaluating germicides was used to compare the efficiency of hypochlorite and quarternary ammonium compounds in the destruction of representative psychrophilic bacteria isolated from defective milk products.

Under conditions of the test, hypochlorites displayed a more rapid germicide action than quaternary ammonium compounds against suspensions of the psychrophilic bacteria studied.

The germicidal action of a quaternary ammonium compound was markedly stimulated by the addition of certain complex phosphate salts.
THE EFFECTS OF ANTIBIOTICS ON THE BACTERIAL PLATE COUNTS OF NORMAL RAW MILK*
Authors: Stoltz E. I. , Hankinson D. J.
Published: December 2018

Antibiotics, that may be found in milk as a result of mastitis therapy or by their direct addition, could control and even cause a decrease in the numbers of bacteria in raw milk. This could result in the acceptance of poor quality milk as an acceptable high grade milk if judged solely by bacteriological standards. Public health officials, veterinarians, milk producers and dealers, and pharmaceutical manufacturers all should be made aware of this serious problem.
A MORE CRITICAL SEQUENTIAL PROCEDURE FOR MICROSCOPIC GRADING OF RAW MILK
Authors: Morgan Max E. , MacLeod Patricia
Published: December 2018

When numerical estimates of microscopic clump counts are required the present standard method recommends examination of twice as many fields as when samples are merely graded. Alternate sequential grading procedures for two common grade limits have been developed for possible use where clump estimates are now required. Use of these procedures will yield grading results of a precision equal to that of the present recommended method concomitant with an average saving of at least 20 percent in the number of fields examined. Adaptability of the sequential procedure where the estimated clump counts of several samples of a producer's milk are averaged logarithmically during a grading period is discussed.
ECONOMICS OF FARM TANK AND BULK COLLECTION PROGRAM
Authors: Bryant C. B. A.
Published: December 2018

New developments in our national life must be governed by their utility, effectiveness, and economic feasibility. The recent introduction of the tank pick-up of milk at the farm is indicating economic advantage to producers, plant operators, and indicatively to consumers.
THE USE OF RADIOACTIVE PHOSPHORUS TO MEASURE THE AMOUNTS OF MILKSTONE DEPOSITED ON RUBBER, PYREX GLASS, AND TYGON TUBINGS
Authors: Cucci Myron W.
Published: December 2018

The problem of milkstone formation together with its contribution to high bacterial counts is being attacked by a study of physical as well as chemical factors. The condition of the surface of milk equipment would be expected to influence the rate at which milkstone is deposited. The results obtained show that the relatively rough and porous surface of rubber takes on twice as much milkstone as glass, and that little or none is deposited on tygon during the given time exposure.