bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Learning Analysis of the Political Text: Structure and Functions of the Election Address (on the Example of G. Zyuganov’s Speeches)
Authors: Garifullina Dilyara Basyrovna , Ivanova Tatiana Konstantinovna , Smyslova Ekaterina Vladimirovna
Published: June 2021

Good number of researchers have demonstrated the need for online training for faculty members in various countries around the world in recent years. However, most of these academic researchers have discussed the different effects of the online training system. The study deals with the genre structure and formation of a special type of the political text which is an election address of a political leader to the electorate. The article considers the history of the appearance of the public speech genre in Russian political discourse, its functions and linguistic features that solve the problem of revealing the main ideological content at the lexical level. The paper also focuses on the techniques used in this authorial text. They are examined from the perspective of identifying manipulative strategies and tactics of influencing the emotional, rational, and moral-ethical spheres of the electorate, and their implementation at the language level. The research material was the texts of Gennady Zyuganov’s election addresses in 2000 and 2019 taken from the Internet sources, as well as the accompanying comments estimated to be about 50 sources. To increase the degree of objectivity of the results obtained, machine text processing (SEO-type text processing programs, vaal.ru, wordstat.yandex and others) was also used. In the course of the study the linguistic characteristics of the implementations of the political address functions (influence, inspiration, advocacy and propaganda, informing), typical of this type of political statements, are revealed along with the established dynamics of changes in rhetoric by Gennady Zyuganov as the leader of a political party (the Communist Party) and its leading representative.
Alacrity of Preschool Education Teachers to Work with Children in Inclusive Groups
Authors: Diatlenko N. , Goncharenko A. , Smolnykova H. , Sabol D. , Kocherga O.
Published: June 2021

To make preschool inclusion successful and to have children gain the expected benefits, teachers need to be provided with functional teacher training programs that foster positive attitudes and provide them with a meaningful experience. The purpose of the study was to investigate the readiness of educators of preschool education institutions in Kyiv to work in inclusive classrooms. In the process of integration into the European community, Ukraine has focused on educational reforms, in particular, the creation of conditions for the introduction of inclusive education in educational institutions. The parameters of the research are taken into account, such as attitude to the idea of inclusion, possession of the necessary arsenal of pedagogical practices, understanding of barriers and ways to overcome them on the way to the organization of inclusive education. A structured questionnaire of preschool teachers attempts to reveal their attitudes towards inclusive education in general and to assess the conditions that promote or hinder the emergence of willingness and willingness to work in an inclusive group. The results of the study showed that a significant number of educators have a negative attitude to the idea of inclusion, believing that children should study in special groups or in special institutions (but not boarding schools). Educators name a number of barriers that prevent them from being positive about inclusive education, and underestimate their readiness for such work.
The Peculiarities of Conducting Special Operational-Search Measures in the Fight Against Crime
Authors: Madiev K.S. , Koszhanov T.A. , Shaimuhanov A.D. , Filin V.V.
Published: June 2021

The relevance of the study is due to the need to determine the feasibility of using special operational-search measures in the system of operational-search activities of the authorized bodies of Kazakhstan and to establish their place and importance in the fight against crime.
In this regard, this article is aimed at identifying and disclosing the essence of operational search activities, identifying their main content. A comparative study of the legislation of individual countries providing for similar activities was carried out in order to identify the features of the conduct and the legal regulation of operational search activities and their significance.
As a result of the study, it was concluded that the features of special operational-search measures are manifested only in their number, name, and partly in the content of the actions taken, while their essence is manifested almost equally. Along with this, to ensure the reliability of the results obtained, scientific and technical means are being actively introduced, mechanisms and methods for recording operational information are being improved, and scientific knowledge is being accumulated and well-grounded recommendations for conducting operational-search measures.
The materials of the article are of practical value for the bodies that carry out operational investigative activities, scientific and practical workers of the authorized bodies.
Transformation of Education Processes and Preparation of Competencies for the Digital Economy
Authors: Kosenchuk Olga V. , Kulapov Mikhail N. , Diner Yuliya A. , Zinich Alla V. , Revyakina Yulia N. , Adelfinskiy Alexey O.
Published: June 2021

In this article, the problem of training specialists with digital competencies for the agricultural sector, as the main industry, necessary for the food security of the state. The analysis of the views of researchers on the issues of teaching youth in the context of global digitalization is presented. The analysis and generalization of information about modern technologies in the system of training personnel for the agro-industrial complex, taking into account the experience of the Omsk State Agrarian University, with the support of modern information and communication technologies. The idea is substantiated that digitalization of production and management processes in the agro-industrial complex is impossible without hard and soft skills with new competencies. The article summarizes new material based on the results of a survey of rural youth in Russia and Kazakhstan on the problem of professional self-determination. The characteristic features of modern students and their self-positioning in the conditions of a changing professional environment are highlighted and described. Special attention in the work of the authors is focused on the need to form an educational trajectory, which is based on the symbiosis of classical agricultural education, practice-oriented learning, project activities, concepts - technologies, e-learning and other digital educational resources. The conclusion reveals the authors' opinion on the forecast trends on the issue under study.
Genesis, Evolution and Indicators of Leadership in the World Economy
Authors: Yeletsky Alexey N.
Published: June 2021

The article reflects the results of scientific research on leadership in the world economy. The purpose of the article is to analyze the problems of determining the key factors of the genesis and evolution of this phenomenon, as well as to identify indicators of the leading position of countries in the global economy. The relevance of the topic is due to the current global processes of the structural shifts within the world economic system and trends concerning a new change in the geo-economic leadership. Based on the world-system methodology, the geo-economic approach, as well as the comparative and historical methods in economics, methods of global political economy, the author developed and demonstrated their synergic potential applied to the research of the world economy’s evolution. Heuristic possibilities of the methodological-theoretical concept of a geo-economic polarity (including multipolarity) are used. The author concludes that the leadership is characterized by the presence of immanent factors that determine the genesis of becoming a leader. It is substantiated the significance of each of these factors and proved that their effective combination leads to the formation of a leadership in the global economy. The article provides and describes the chronological periodization of leadership, and its universal triggers, which are unique for each specific stage of the world economy’s development. It is established the presence of key indicators that reflect this leadership, and emphasizes the change and expansion of the range of these indicators in the process of the evolutionary development of productive forces. It is justified that current leadership tends to geographic dispersion and is expressed in the gradual establishment of a geo-economic multipolarity of the world economy. The article predicts the current change in the nature of geo-economic leadership itself.
South African Police Services Officials` Perceptions of Community-Police Relations in Durban, South Africa
Authors: Dlamini Siyanda
Published: June 2021

olice officers’ views about police-citizen relationships are shaped not only by opportunities to interact with community residents during normal police work but also in part by efforts due to the larger police mission of encouraging and supporting such attitudes. In recent years, police in different countries has shifted from the traditional reactive form of policing towards community-oriented approaches. Hence, the purpose of this paper is to explore police officers’ views of citizen-police relationships and community policing in Durban, South Africa. A qualitative research approach was adopted, to explore such perceptions in the study area. The findings collected through semi-structured interviews with the South African Police Services personnel suggested that police officer were dissatisfied and at best ambiguous about citizens’ participation in crime prevention activities or support for the police in a township dwelling. However, in a suburban area, the perceptions marked an improvement in their attitudes on various dimensions. These include officers’ views about the overall police mission, increased emphasis on service-oriented policing in contrast to a law enforcement approach, support for community policing, perceived citizens’ willingness to cooperate with the police in crime prevention activities, and decreased cynicism about citizens. These findings suggest confidence in the utility of community policing ideas.
When Torture Mocks the Law: Understanding Police Brutality in South Africa
Authors: Hadebe Philisiwe , Gopal Nirmala
Published: June 2021

South Africa promulgated the Prevention and Combating of Torture of Persons Act No. 13 of 2013, which criminalises the use of torture by law enforcers. The Act also criminalises cruel, inhumane, or degrading treatment or punishment of citizens by law enforcers. However, the implementation of this law is derisory as the torture and physical abuse of civilians by the police reportedly continue unabated. This phenomenon seems part of police culture that is entrenched in South African policing practices. Prior to the study, the literature review underscored the unabated prevalence of police violence. Against this background, this article seeks to highlight specific incidences of police officers’ use of unconstitutional and abusive acts of torture involving civilians. Using a qualitative research approach, ten officers of the Independent Police Investigative Directorate (IPID) were interviewed to generate the required data. Thematic analysis was used and the findings revealed that civilians suspected of criminal behaviour were often exposed to inhumane forms of torture, which ranged from food and water deprivation to being strangled, suffocated, and electrocuted. These forms of torture involving suspects were reportedly prompted by the urgency for eliciting information, ‘proving’ the presumption of guilt, proactively preventing crime in communities, and coercing suspect compliance. The findings thus urge the need for a blanket ban on the torture of suspects, the effective investigation by the IPID of cases of torture, and the successful trial and conviction of police perpetrators of this crime.
State Ethics as the Basicof Legal Policy for Handling of Covid-19 in Indonesia
Authors: Hoesein Zainal Arifin , Halim Pathorang , Arifuddin Arifuddin
Published: June 2021

The Covid-19 pandemic has created emergencies in all sectors of life around the world. In this context, this study seeks to evaluate the important role of state officials and administrators' ethics as the basis for legal policy in handling Covid-19 in Indonesia. By using a descriptive method with a conceptual approach based on normative-juridical analysis, the results of the study show that law-making and policy implementation in handling Covid-19 should be based on an agreement of ethical, moral, and basic norms as basic legal values. In this context, the constitution must be used as the basis for ethics and moral values in which all State policies as outlined in the form of laws are guided by and by the 1945 Constitution. The conclusions of this study underline the implementation of ethics following the state constitution and theoretically contribute to the constitutional aspect in public policy where policy decisions on handling Covid-19 must remain following the constitution.
The CV as an Initiative for Sustainable Development of Small-Scale Capture Fisheries in Central Java, Indonesia
Authors: Mahmudah Siti , Susilowati Etty , Soemarmi Yunanto, Amiek , Badriyah Siti Malikhatun , Benuf Kornelius
Published: June 2021

The problem of this study is that small-scale capture fisheries business in Indonesia still faces a classic problem, namely limited sources of capital to develop the business, so a strategy is needed to overcome this problem, including working with other parties as partners in running the business. This study aims to investigate the legality of the capture fisheries business in Indonesia, and the limited partnership (Commanditaire Vennootschap/CV) as an alternative form of capture fisheries business in Indonesia. This study uses a normative juridical research method with a statutory approach and a conceptual approach, the legal data used is secondary data in the form of primary legal materials, namely the Law on Capture Fisheries and the Law on CV, and secondary legal material in the form of literature related to the research problem. The data and legal materials were collected through a literature study and analyzed descriptively and analytically. The results of the study concluded that in carrying out fishery business activities, the entrepreneurs can use CV as an alternative form of small-scale capture fisheries business that allows overcoming the problem of limited capital faced by small-scale capture fisheries entrepreneurs in Indonesia. The study concludes that with the formation of CV, there will be two partners in small-scale capture fisheries business, namely complementary allies as the party who manages what is done by fishermen and limited allies are parties who include capital in small-scale capture fisheries businesses.
The Impact of Xenophobic Attacks on the Livelihoods of Migrants in Selected Provinces of South Africa
Authors: Rabotata Enoch , Makhubele Jabulani , Baloyi Themba , Mafa Prudence , Kwakwa Motshidisi , Masilo Tuelo , Matlakala Frans , Mabasa Allan
Published: June 2021

Migration and xenophobia are realities that cannot be ignored globally. Recently, there has been a plethora of xenophobic attacks as a result of structural and socio-economic conditions in South Africa. This paper aimed to establish the impact of xenophobic attacks on the livelihoods of migrants in selected provinces of South Africa. Researchers opted for a qualitative study using a case study design. Participants were drawn from the population in Limpopo, North-West and Mpumalanga Province. A snowball sampling technique was used to sample seven migrants from Zimbabwe, India, and Ethiopia using semi-structured interviews. Data were analysed thematically. The study revealed that most migrants who reside in the rural areas of South Africa seldom experience xenophobic attacks, and therefore their livelihoods are not always negatively affected. The study concluded that displacement, deportation, and loss of income due to xenophobic attacks are experiences of undocumented migrants in the cities and not in the rural areas. This study also makes recommendations that migration management policies be implemented fully in the rural areas because this is where undocumented migrants find comfort.
Debt Guarantee Settlement Patterns in Minangkabau
Authors: Syukriah H.G. , Yaswirman  , Hasan Firman , Kurniawarman  , Taufiqurrahman
Published: June 2021

Debt collateral is often unacceptable to the execution of debt collateral because there is coercion and leads to court so that many debts are not collected. In Minangkabau customary law, there is no compulsion to pay off debts. This research answers how people make debt-receivables agreements and must be repaid by the debtors in the Minangkabau customary law arrangement in Sungai Dareh village, West Sumatra. This research method is through observation and interviews of local customary leaders. The implementation of the pattern of execution of debt collateral settlement in Minangkabau is motivated by the legal relationship between the creditor and the collateral in the form of land. The creditor only has the right to cultivate or take the proceeds from the land given by the debt recipient until the debt is paid off or redeemed by the debt recipient, so that debt settlement will never transfer ownership rights to the land. In an urgent situation, the creditor can transfer the debt to the new lender, which stops the legal relationship between the first creditor and the debt recipient and creates a new legal relationship between the second creditor and the debt recipient. Creditors' rights remain a priority, and there is no time limit in paying off debts. This debt settlement is very different from debt settlement in positive law in Indonesia. The creditor has the right to sell the land as collateral for the debt if the debt cannot be settled after a certain period, which results in the loss of ownership of the debt recipient over the land that is used as debt collateral. There is a need for positive legal reform in Indonesia regarding the execution of debt guarantees.
Innovative Products Commercialization and Social Aspects
Authors: Sergeevna Budovich Lidia
Published: June 2021

Ideation, research, and technological innovation are valuable when they lead to wealth creation. Commercialization is a way to tie science to economics and create wealth from innovation. Success in technology development and commercialization requires a combination of several factors, including creative thinking, appropriate technical knowledge, entrepreneurial thinking and spirit, and financial resources. But it is rare for a single person to have all of these characteristics. Therefore, the best way to successfully commercialize technology is to create a team of four different personalities with the above characteristics: These four personalities are inventor/innovator, investor, technology, and entrepreneur. This article examines the definitions and concepts of commercialization and points to social and economic factors in the commercialization process - from ideation to the development of success and growth. Then proposed the formation of an innovation team as one of the strategies for commercialization success and expresses the characteristics of the innovation team and its members and their role in different stages of commercialization. Finally, to achieve more and better achievements in the field of commercialization, suggestions are presented according to the existing conditions.
Disharmonized the Regulation of Biological Resources and its Ecosystem in Indonesia
Authors: Simaremare Sumurung P. , Noho Muhammad Dzikirullah H.
Published: June 2021

The goal of state control over natural resources is an anticipatory step to avoid the widest possible use by individuals or legal entities as a means of oppression and exploitation of others. However, in reality, many regulations overlap and are not in harmony with one another. The author of this study uses normative juridical research. The definition of normative juridical is a type of research that emphasizes more on library research, where the materials used will be obtained from laws, literature, mass media, which are related to writing materials. This study found that the arrangement of living natural resources in Indonesia that is less harmonious is: a. Law Number 21 of 2004 concerning Ratification of the Cartagena Protocol On Biosafety To The Convention On Biological Diversity and b. Constitutional Court Decision No.35/PUU-X/2012.

Keywords: Disharmonized, Regulation, Biological Natural Resources, Ecosystem, Indonesia.
Peculiarities of Protection of Rights and Interests of Heirs: Theoretical Aspects
Authors: Zaika Yuri O. , Kukhariev Oleksandr Ye. , Skrypnyk Volodymyr L. , Mytnyk Aliesia A.
Published: June 2021

The relevance of this study is due to the necessity to ensure the proper exercise of subjective civil rights in the field of inheritance law. Protection in inheritance is related to the general right to protection. Due to the peculiarities of inheritance law as a sub-branch of civil law, it has its own specifics, which is manifested primarily in the definition of special ways to protect violated unrecognized or challenged rights. In addition, the protection of the rights of heirs takes place only within the inheritance relationship, which is characterized by a long nature. The purpose of the article is to identify the features of protection of subjective civil rights of heirs in the field of inheritance. This necessitates the use of special methodological approaches that will identify the characteristics of protection of the rights of heirs, as well as research methods such as dogmatic, formal-logical, systematic, comparative law. The article analyses the recognition of the right of ownership of inherited property in court and proves that this exceptional method of protection is used if there are obstacles to the notarization of inheritance rights. The most typical and widespread special ways to protect the rights of heirs are considered: removal from the right to inherit, invalidation of the will, change of the order of obtaining the right to inherit, reduction of the size of the obligatory share in the inheritance. The outlined issues were not widely covered in the legal literature, as the attention of scholars was mainly in the perspective of clarifying the legal nature of protection and defence, the ratio of forms and methods of protection of subjective civil rights, analysis of general methods of protection of subjective civil rights. That is why this work is an important contribution to outlining the issue of inheritance law and attracting due attention of the scientific community.
Economic and Legal Policy of the State in the Field of Digital Economy
Authors: Vinnyk Oksana M. , Zadykhaylo Dmytro V. , Honcharenko Olena M. , Shapovalova Olga V. , Patsuriia Nino B.
Published: June 2021

Digitalisation of the economic sphere of Ukraine is one of the priority areas of social development, which should be reflected in the economic and legal policy of the state. Therewith, a considerable gap exists in the statutory consolidation of the fundamental principles of such a policy, in particular the lack of relevant provisions on the digital transformation of the economy in the Commercial Code of Ukraine. Despite the fact that the state has adopted some acts on the development of the digital economy, there are significant gaps in the legislation, especially with regard to the role of digitalisation in the economic and legal policy of the state. The purpose of the study is a theoretical analysis of the general principles of such a policy in the modern period. As a result, the impact on the economic and legal policy of the state of the process of digitalisation of the economic sphere of the country is determined. The necessity of co-regulation is substantiated, which constitutes a combination of state regulation with self-regulation by participants of digitally-targeted markets. The role of digital resources (on the example of public registers) and electronic financial services is analysed. It is established that the modern legal support of the digital economy needs to be reformed, first of all, by supplementing the Commercial Code of Ukraine with provisions on digitalisation, including the relevant direction of economic and legal policy of the state. The results of the study have a scientific novelty, as they fill the gap in the coverage of the role of the state in the process of digitalisation of the economy.
Implementation of International Standards for Determining an Efficient Civil Law Remedy by a National Court
Authors: Potapenko Andrii V. , Pylypenko Svitlana A. , Korolenko Vitalii M. , Melnyk Iryna S.
Published: June 2021

The article is devoted to studying the effectiveness of protection of violated, unrecognised or disputed rights, freedoms or interests of individuals, rights and interests of legal entities, the interests of the state in civil proceedings. The purpose of the article is to study how to implement international standards for determining an efficient civil law remedy by the court: (based on the case-law of the European Court of Human Rights and national case law). Clarification of the essence of novels of substantive and procedural law in determining the court's effective way to protect private law as the final judicial procedure of the right to judicial protection was by comparative law, methods of analysis, modelling and synthesis with the implementation of related elements of classical methods of protection and reception of the best acquisitions of legal systems of foreign countries, norms of the Convention of the case-law of the European Court of Human Rights (from now on – ECtHR). The dialectical method of cognition and the qualitative empirical method were also the main ones, by means of which the legal nature of the category "efficiency" and "determination by the court of an effective way of protection of private law and interest" were clarified.
Public Interest in Private Law Relations of Transition Democracies: A Modern View from the Standpoint of a Systemic Approach
Authors:   Department of the Jurisdiction Forms of Legal Protection of Subjects of Private Law, the Judiciary and Legal Proceedings, Academician F.H. Burchak Scientific and Research Institute of Private Law and Entrepreneurship of the National Academy of Legal Sciences of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine, Berestova Iryna E. , Verenkiotova Olha V. , Serbina Natalii , Seminoh Svitlana V.
Published: June 2021

The study investigates the legal nature of the category of "public interest" in private law relations from the standpoint of a systematic scientific approach to law in the countries of post-Soviet society in the modern period. The study states the affiliation of public and private law to the means of achieving the purpose of the law: the recognition of a person, their rights and freedoms as the highest social value of the state. The unsuitability of the theory of the branch belonging to public law has been proved using the universal criterion of separation: the use of the category of "public interest" in the development of the subject and method of the branch in private legal relations. It is concluded that the division of law into private and public is inconsistent in terms of their differentiation of the criterion "method of protecting the rights of their participants", which is activated only after the violation of the latter, while subjective law also exists before the violation, during the existence of regulatory legal relations, and it is the subjective law that forms the affiliation to the relevant industry. During the study, signs of public interest as a legal category were formed. In addition, modern features of public interest as a legal category were outlined from the standpoint of a systematic approach: the general nature of public interests; connectedness with large-scale involvement; recognition by the state and the provision of the law; the possibility of their implementation through measures of state power.
Cyberbullying Perpetration: Children and Youth at Risk of Victimization during Covid-19 Lockdown
Authors: Mkhize Simangele , Gopal Nirmala
Published: June 2021

The Covid-19 is believed to have emerged in Wuhan, China, and has affected many countries across the globe. In response to this pandemic, governments in different countries have implemented social distancing measures to stop the spread of the virus. The closure of schools and switch to remote learning of universities to protect youth and children from exposure to the virus might also open opportunities for certain crimes such as cyberbullying. The study aimed at exploring the risks of victimization of children and youth through cyberbullying during the lockdown. A qualitative approach, non-participant observation was utilised. Data was collected from three social media platforms which include Facebook, Twitter, and Instagram from posts since the beginning of lockdown. Keywords such as “ama2000s”, “2000s” and “90s vs 2000s” were used to search for content. Facebook groups for “2000s” where most young people engage were also used. The study found that with the increase of the use of social media among children and youth during the lockdown, most have been victims of cyberbullying. In these platforms where young people engage, most posts and comments carried content which includes sexting, sexual comments on young girls’ pictures, trending of videos of school children fighting, and insulting each other. A significant finding was the use of fake accounts to perpetrate cyberbullying. The study recommends that addressing cyberbullying through educating children and youth about acceptable online behaviour, signs of cyberbullying, responses to it, and cybersecurity should be prioritised.
Efforts to Protect Violence in the Households during Covid-19 in Indonesia
Authors: Purba Nelvitia , Rosihan Reynaldi Putra , Tanjung Ali Mukti , Pramono Rudy , Purwanto Agus , Mukidi
Published: June 2021

The social distancing appeal that the government encourages is not matched by the state's efforts to provide economic security to the community. PSBB will directly or indirectly limit the movement of the community. The teaching and learning process at schools and residents who work will be limited to working or studying at home. This limitation of activities in public spaces will have an impact on people's income, especially those in the middle to lower economy. The implementation of social distancing during the Covid-19 outbreak has increased the risk of violence against women, complicates women's economic conditions, and affirms women's social status as subordinate, or women are in a lower position than men. The formulation of the problem in this research is what is the cause of domestic violence during the covid-19 period in Indonesia, what are the prevention efforts against domestic violence during the covid-19 period. Causes of Domestic Violence During the Covid-19 Period, namely the government's appeal to the community “at home alone”, causing a separate polemic for women and children, especially those who experience economic and psychological pressure at home from extraordinary isolation measures, has prompted increasing instances of reports of domestic violence, especially women who are forced to live for months in abusive relationships. causes and consequences of violence and to prevent the occurrence of violence through primary prevention programs, policy intervention and advocacy as well as information programs and supporting initiatives through all mass media TV, social networks, cell phones.
Good Hospital Governance at the Indonesian Hospital
Authors: Tjaija Abunawas , Sabir Muhammad , Usman Munawir H. , Samad Muhammad Ahsan
Published: June 2021

This study aims to describe the commitment of stakeholders in implementing the Good Hospital Governance policy at the Undata Regional General Hospital, Central Sulawesi Province, Indonesia. The method used is a qualitative exploratory approach with 13 (thirteen) informants who were determined by purposive sampling, the data analysis used was an interactive model data analysis from Miles and Huberman by triangulating methods and data sources. The results showed that the successful implementation of the Good Hospital Governance policy at Undata Hospital, Central Sulawesi Province which was viewed from 6 (six) supporting aspects of the implementation of the Van Metter and Van Horn policies had not been running properly. That is; aspects of resources, aspects of the characteristics of the executing agent, aspects of the attitudes/tendencies (dispositions) of the executing agents, and aspects of the external environment (economic, social, and political). Besides, an implementation must also be supported by the commitment of the owner, board of directors, and management as well as all hospital staff, to implement the principles of transparency, accountability, independence, responsibility, equality, and fairness.
Incarceration for Reformation or Deformation?
Authors: Amali Sadiq Ewaoda , Sibanyoni Ephraim Kevin , Tshivhase Thompo
Published: June 2021

The reason for imposing incarceration is to punish offenders for violating societal norms and values. As a means of punishment, it is deliberately inflicted on an offender, which serves as a deterrence to would-be offenders. This could help in inculcating good morals on offenders, thereby altering him or her from a nonconforming individual to a conforming one. Despite the good intention of imposing incarceration, it has contradicted its cardinal objective which has resulted in some unintended consequences such as inability to secure employment as a result of stigmatization, aiding the collapse of marriages among others. With the above-stated consequences of incarceration, penal institutions instead of instilling the positive goal of incarceration on inmates, on the contrary, it has served as a punishment ground with degrading treatment imposed on inmates by correctional officials coupled with the dehumanizing state of most penal institutions. This article concludes that incarceration has a long term effect on the positive life of offenders and recommends that concerted efforts should be made in reintegrating ex-offenders, discouraging the idea of tagging, and make ample efforts on how ex-offenders can secure payable jobs upon regaining freedom.
Optimization of Selected Agricultural Export Commodities to Improve Indonesia’s Weaponry Countertrade
Authors: Arifin Zainal , Suman Agus , Khusaini Moh.
Published: June 2021

In an increasingly open global economy, international trade, including exports, is an inseparable part of economic activity between countries. This paper aims to analyze the choice of commodities that have the potential to encourage the implementation of defense equipment trade-in Indonesia along with some optimization efforts. Using the literature review and library research by exploring data of national agricultural export and arms trade, this article identifies selected commodities that have the potential to be exchanged with defense equipment in trade returns, and also attempts to optimize exports to encourage the implementation of trade returns themselves. The results showed that trade return is one of the schemes in international trade in the form of two-way sales. The weaponry system is a strategic product that is still imported by Indonesia from abroad so that it has the potential to be implemented in a trade return scheme. On the other hand, Indonesia is known to excel in agricultural products, especially the plantation subsector, and has succeeded in becoming the top exporters for many agricultural commodities in the global market.
Prevention of the Crime of Using Narcotics by Children as a Form of Opened System
Authors:   Faculty of Law, Universitas Diponegoro, Semarang City, Imam Bardjo SH Street No. 1, Pleburan, Semarang City, 50241, Indonesia, Syarhan Mohamad , Jaya Nyoman Serikat Putra , Hartono Bambang
Published: June 2021

This study aimed to find a model for the prevention of the use of narcotics by children as a form of the opened system. This needs to be done because seeing the number of users and dealers carried out by children. It is very concerned if children continuously carry out these actions. The research method used is a type of normative juridical research with a statute and conceptual approach. The technique of collecting data is through a library study by tracing secondary data. This study found that there are still many legal problems experienced by children, including criminal cases of narcotics use by children in Kuningan Regency and Padang City. This behavior requires prevention that does not harm the child's future. This prevention can be implemented through the criminal justice system as an open system, where the settlement requires community involvement. Its implementation will consider the existing layers, including; society, political economy, education, technology, and the criminal justice system's subsystems.
Research of the Motivational Component of Professional Activity of Employees of the Security and Defense Sector
Authors: Fedorenko Olena , Dotsenko Victoria , Petruk Oleh , Bedan Viktoriia , Vikhtiuk Andriy , Kudermina Olena , Izbash Svitlana
Published: June 2021

The paper presents a study of the characteristics of the professional motivation of security and defense workers and reveals the relationship between motivation and individual psychological qualities and people's attitudes to various aspects of reality in police officers and servicemen. The logical relationship of correlations between work motivators and personality qualities and the attitude of servicemen and police officers to various aspects of reality is found, which will help the leader (psychologist) to increase efficiency.
The article says that adequate and timely stimulation of activities based on personal qualities and attitudes to various aspects of the life of security and defense workers will prevent negative factors (development of emotional burnout, deviant behavior, negative mental states, etc.) and successfully correct them.
The article aims to study the statistical motivation of security and defense workers and determine the relationship between motivation and individual psychological qualities and people's attitudes to various aspects of reality in police officers and servicemen.
Protection of the Right to Information on One’s Health – A Non-Jurisdictional Form of Protection
Authors: Khodieieva Nataliia , Yasynok Mykola , Kuryliuk Yurii , Filippov Stanislav , Zemko Alla , Yasynok Dmytro
Published: June 2021

The article analyzes the theoretical aspects of protection as directly subjective civil rights and defines them within the framework of civil relations regarding the information on one's health. A clearer and complete description of the features of the realization of the right to information on one's health in the normatively established system of protection of subjective rights of a person has been obtained.
It has been determined that the protection of the right to information on one's health is exercised freely, and the failure of a person to exercise the right to protection is not a ground for termination of this right. It is noted that during the protection of their violated right to health information, the authorized person may perform certain actions that are not related to the appeal to the competent state bodies and are a non-jurisdictional form of protection.
The list of actions of an individual to protect the right to information on one’s health in the case of a non-jurisdictional form of protection of the above-mentioned right has been systematized.
Confidential Information and the Right to Freedom of Speech
Authors: Bevz Svitlana , Tereshchuk Oleksandr , Kravchuk Oleksiy , Yehorova Valentyna , Bodnarchuk Inna , Danevych Mykola
Published: June 2021

The article is devoted to the problem of ensuring balance in the realization of two fundamental human rights and freedoms in a democratic society – the right to freedom of speech and privacy. It has been concluded that the rights to freedom of speech and privacy are recognized as fundamental human rights that do not conflict with each other but are intangible, inherent in every person. The right to freedom of journalism is a continuation of the right to freedom of speech and information and consists in the collection, storage, and dissemination of socially important information through the mass media. The usage of the rights in question, including in the mass media actions, may not be grounds for restricting or violating the right of everyone to privacy, the confidentiality of correspondence, correspondence, telephone conversations, and entails criminal liability in cases provided by law. In the public interest, the law provides grounds for exempting a journalist from criminal liability for disclosing confidential information, in particular in the case of disclosure of information of public interest or has already been published in other media, or concerns officials of public authorities.
‘Black like Me’: A Critical Analysis of Arrest Practices Based on Skin Color in the Gauteng Province, South Africa
Authors: Zikalala Nomsa Ingrid , Mofokeng Jacob T. , Motlalekgosi Hendrick P.
Published: June 2021

Objective: This article looks at the everyday life and realities of current practices employed by the South African Police Service (SAPS) officials, by shedding light on the experiences and practices on profiling search and effecting arrest based on race and skin color in the Gauteng Province. Particularly, this article examines the experiences of the SAPS officials to measure police perception of the skin color of foreign nationals, and to establish if wrongful arrests were linked to skin color stereotyping.
Methods: The theoretical approach employed the social identity theory (SIT) was used to interpret the results. A survey questionnaire consisting of the New Immigration Survey (NIS) Skin Color Scale with 10 shades of skin color mapped to a pictorial guide, as well as a self-report measure on wrongful arrests, was administered to 80 SAPS officials, who performed visible policing duties. The research sample consisted of two SAPS groups from two different contexts, namely township and urban contexts. The Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) software was used to conduct Pearson’s correlation and comparative analyses.
Results: The results showed that the SAPS officials stereotyped foreign nationals as dark-skinned. The skin color stereotype was, however, not correlated to wrongful arrests. The study concluded that although respondents perceived that South Africans were distinguishable from foreign nationals based on skin color or tone, identification processes were not influenced by this stereotype belief.
Legal Action on Labour Inspection Memo in Industrial Relations in Indonesia
Authors: Ramli Lanny , Kaban Samuel Nikodemus
Published: June 2021

The research purpose is to study the professional relationship between workers and employers which is called industrial relations. This is motivated by the fact that workers and employers need to synergize in the process of producing goods and services for the community. In fulfilling the purpose and object of their role and activities and the quid pro quo relationship, the stakeholders pursue different interests. Employers try to earn a maximum profit by spending the least cost possible. In contrast, workers earn the maximum results with the least minimal effort. By using the socio-legal approach, the results showed that the circumstances that exist in these two different interests are prone to conflict and prone to irregularities in legislation. The government as a regulator is obliged to provide legal protection. Legal protection from the government is manifested in the role of labor inspectors, in which they have the right to conduct inspections in a preventive and repressive manner. If there is a violation, the inspectors shall issue the inspection memo. However, the implementation of the ruling of the Constitutional Court Number 7/PUU-XII/2014 results in a new problem which is an unclear execution of the said Constitutional Court ruling about the status of workers.
Internet Economy and Startup Business Development and Policy in Economic Law Perspectives
Authors: Krisharyanto Edi , Purwadi Ari
Published: June 2021

This study aims to analyze the development of startup business in Indonesia which is facing legal and regulatory barriers, namely legal issues, taxation, employment, intellectual property rights. By using a conceptual and empirical approach, the results showed that the fundamental legal problem faced by startup business in Indonesia is about the legality of establishing a startup business. Moreover, it relates to the legal standing of a business entity and its legal accountability. The theoretical implication of the findings underlines the startup business settings which are in need to be developed in the realm of economic law that leads to the regulation and legal thinking of ways to support the national economy. The practical implications suggest the development of startup business as a pioneering business entity in the field of commerce based on entrepreneurship and the internet economy.
Overcoming the Modern Socio-Cultural Crisis – from Postmodern to Post-Postmodern: Theoretical Aspects
Authors: Gumenyuk Tatyana , Palchynska Mariana , Herchanivska Polina , Kozak Yuriy , Kobyzhcha Nataliia
Published: June 2021

The purpose of the article is to consider the negative aspects of postmodernism and study how post-post modernity can help humanity overcome the modern socio-cultural crisis. In their research, the authors used various scientific methods of cognition, such as analysis and synthesis, in particular meta-analysis and meta-synthesis, generalization, and induction.

The authors analyze the stages of development of civilization from the point of view of social progress, highlight their main characteristics and typological differences. The considered key points characteristic of postmodern, such as pluralism, negativism, relativism, denial of binarity in thinking, the extreme degree of nihilism, etc., lead to the understanding that the crisis that arose in the political, economic, socio-cultural life of society, at the turn of 20 21 centuries, inherent in the very nature of postmodern. The values ​​and perception of the postmodern are less and less consistent with the present time, and in its depths, a new worldview begins to crystallize, conventionally called post-postmodern, as a response to overcoming the current socio-cultural crisis. Post-postmodern, postmodern, like modern before them and similar phenomena are links of one chain, interconnected with each other and logically following from the processes of previous eras. The main components of the post-postmodern, which are formed from the problems of the postmodern, are highlighted and characterized.

As a result, the study showed that the currently being formed new worldview - post-postmodernity came close to the search for a new spirituality for the all-round development of a person and turning him into a socially mature being, as well as for resolving the internal contradictions of the postmodern worldview.