bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Role of Primary Care Optometrists in the Assessment and Management of Patients with Traumatic Brain Injuries in Canada
Authors: Lacroix Zoe , Leat Susan J. , Christian Lisa W.
Published: May 2019

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) results from a strong blow or jolt to the head that disrupts the normal function of the brain.1 The severity of a TBI can range from mild to severe, depending on the patient’s mental status, con-sciousness level and amnesia following the injury. The annual incidence of TBI in North America and Europe is conservatively estimated to be ap-proximately 600/100,000.2,3 This translates to at least 200,000 TBI cases in Canada every year. According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, and the Canadian Institute for Health Information, the leading cause of TBIs that result in hospital admission is falls (35%-45%), followed by motor vehicle accidents (17%-36%), collision-related events (struck by or against) (10-17%) and assaults (9-10%).4,5 Head injuries are more common in the 0- to 19-year age group, followed by those who are aged 60+. Males are more highly represented in every age group than females. However, it should be noted that the demographics of patients who present in an op-tometrist’s office may differ from those based on hospital admissions [...]
Rôle des optométristes de soins primaires dans l’évaluation et la prise en charge des patients ayant subi un traumatisme cérébral au Canada
Authors: Lacroix Zoe , Leat Susan J. , Christian Lisa W.
Published: May 2019

Les traumatismes cérébraux (TCC) résultent d’un choc violent à la tête qui perturbe le fonctionnement normal du cerveau.1 On catégorise le TCC en trois degrés de gravité qui vont de léger à grave, selon l’état mental du patient, son niveau de conscience et l’amnésie provoquée par la lésion. Selon une estimation prudente, l’incidence annuelle du TCC en Amérique du Nord et en Europe est d’environ 600/100 000.2,3 Cela représente au moins 200 000 cas de TCC au Canada chaque année. Sel-on les Centers for Disease Control and Prevention et l’Institut canadien d’information sur la santé, les principales causes de TCC entraînant une hospitalisation sont les chutes (35 - 45 %), suivies des accidents de la route (17 - 36 %), des événements liés aux collisions (se heurter sur ou être heurté par) (10 -17 %) et des agressions (9 -10 %).4,5 Les blessures à la tête sont plus courantes chez les enfants et les jeunes (0-19 ans), suivis par les personnes âgées (60 ans et plus). Ils sont aussi plus fréquents chez les hommes que chez les femmes, et ce, dans chaque groupe d’âge. Cependant, il convient de noter que la démographie des patients qui se présentent dans un cabinet d’optométriste peut différer de celle qui est basée sur les admissions à l’hôpital [...]
The Model T and a Peek Behind the Curtain?
Authors: Wroten Chris
Published: May 2019

Change. The Future. Two similar, but complicated, concepts that many of us either fear due to uncertainty, or aggressively seek out due to the thrill of being on the cutting edge. If we’re paralyzed by uncertainty, it’s easy to get left behind as new and better opportunities emerge. On the flip side, it’s easy to get burned by constantly [...]
Le modèle T et coup d’œil derrière le rideau
Authors: Wroten Chris
Published: May 2019

Le changement. L’avenir. Deux concepts similaires, mais compliqués, que bon nombre d’entre nous craignent en raison de l’incertitude, ou recherchent activement pour l’excitation d’être à l’avant-garde. Lorsque nous sommes paralysés par l’incertitude, il est facile de se laisser devancer, alors que naissent de nouvelles et meilleures [...]
Book Review: Biomaterials and Regenerative Medicine in Ophthalmology: Second Edition
Authors: Ngo William
Published: May 2019

Edited by Traian V. Chirila and Damien G. Harkin Publisher: Woodhead Publishing, Elsevier
Magical Moments in Anaheim! 2016 Annual American Academy of Optometry Meeting
Authors: Dalton Kristine , Bitton Etty
Published: May 2019

There seemed to be magic in the air at the 2016 Annual American Academy of Optometry meeting in Anaheim, California. The meeting once again set an attendance record of 7,720 attendees representing 53 nations. A total of 315 Canadians made the trip south, including 81 students from Quebec (Figure 1), 32 students from Waterloo [...]
Risk and management of ocular bleeding associated with oral anticoagulants
Authors: Koh Len V , Gosnell Chad E , Well Anna R
Published: May 2019

Deep vein thrombosis, pulmonary embolism, ischemic stroke and myocardial infarction are the major thromboembolic diseases which affect millions of North Americans. Most of these patients are managed long term with oral anticoagulants that can increase the risk of bleeding including ocular hemorrhages. As primary eye care providers, optometrists do encounter patients presenting with ocular bleeding secondary to oral anticoagulants. This article provides an overview and update of oral anticoagulants, and discusses ways to manage ocular bleeding associated with oral anticoagulants via two clinical cases. Interruption of anticoagulation temporarily increases thromboembolic risk, and continuing anticoagulation increases the risk of bleeding, both scenarios adversely affect patient’s overall health. Eye care providers must work closely with primary care provider and/or anticoagulation team to come up with the best decision on an individual patient basis with respect to each ocular bleeding occurrence.
Deliverology in Community Economic Development: Enhancing Results Frameworks and Performance Measurement
Authors: Stratton Trevin S.
Published: May 2019

 

 This paper will assess the viability of implementing an alternative delivery model and performance measurement framework – commonly known as ‘deliverology’ – at the level of community economic development. First, a review of relevant literature on traditional economic development delivery models and performance metrics is conducted to determine strengths and weaknesses. Next, a deliverology approach is defined and analyzed to determine whether such a model can address the weaknesses of more traditional approaches. The results indicate that a deliverology approach has many potential advantages for economic development service delivery and addresses many of the weaknesses of current models and frameworks. Since deliverology remains rather new compared to more traditional approaches, further research in terms of a case study in a large urban municipality is recommended as a way to test the applicability of deliverology to community economic development. 

Keywords: deliverology, performance measurement, results and delivery framework, community economic development, service delivery model
AF in Cancer Patients: A Different Need for Anticoagulation?
Authors: Sanz Ana Pardo , Zamorano Gómez José Luis
Published: May 2019

Cancer and cancer therapies might be a risk factor for developing Atrial Fibrillation (AF). It remains unclear if one is the cause or consequence of the other, or if they simply coexist. An unpredictable response to anticoagulation can be expected, as a result of the lack of information in oncology patients. The balance between thromboembolic and bleeding risks of AF in these patients is particularly challenging. Little is known about whether embolic and bleeding risk scores used for the general population can be applied in oncologic patients. Cardiology involvement in the management of these patients seems to be associated with favourable AF-related outcomes.
İŞKOLİKLİK VE BENLİK SAYGISI ARASINDAKİ İLİŞKİDE ÖRGÜTSEL DESTEĞİN ARACILIK ROLÜ: SAĞLIK SEKTÖRÜNDE BİR ARAŞTIRMA
Authors: ÇİFTÇİ Gamze Ebru , ÇANKAYA Muhammet
Published: May 2019

Bu çalışma, çalışanlarda işkoliklikle benlik
saygısı ilişkisinde algılanan örgütsel desteğin aracılık rolünü tespit etmek
amacıyla yapılmıştır. Araştırma verilerini elde etmek için, Çorum ilinde bir
kamu hastanesinde görev yapan 200 çalışana anket form uygulaması gerçekleştirilmiştir.
Anket formunda demografik sorular dahil olmak üzere, hastane çalışanlarında
işkoliklik, algılanan örgütsel destek ve benlik saygısını ölçmeye yönelik,
ülkemizdeki çalışmalarda yaygın kullanılan geçerlilik ve güvenirlik analizleri
yapılmış üç ayrı ölçek kullanılmıştır. Elde edilen veriler SPSS programında
belirli analizlere tabi tutulmuştur. Çalışma sonucunda: algılanan örgütsel
desteğin; işten zevk alma (işkoliklik alt boyutu) ile kendini sevme (benlik
saygısı alt boyutu) arasındaki ilişkide, işten zevk alma (işkoliklik alt
boyutu) ile öz-yeterlilik (benlik saygısı alt boyutu) arasındaki ilişkide ve
işe güdülenme hissi (işkoliklik alt boyutu) ile kendini sevme (benlik saygısı
alt boyutu) arasındaki ilişkide kısmı aracılık rolü olduğu ve yine algılanan örgütsel desteğin; işe güdülenme
hissi (işkoliklik alt boyutu) ile öz-yeterlilik (benlik saygısı alt boyutu)
arasındaki ilişkide kısmı aracılık rolünün olduğu tespit edilmiştir.
The participation of Ukraine in creating the common european educational space: laws and regulations
Authors: Khan Evgen
Published: May 2019

The article examines the basic legal and regulatory documents, legislative acts in the field of higher education and international agreements signed by Ukraine within the process of creation of the Common European Education Space. It presents and analyses the principal documents which gave rise to the Bologna process and the creation of the Common European Education Space, and those signed and embodied by Ukraine on the way towards the implementation of the European education standards. It as well investigates the legal and regulatory documents within the system of the higher education of Ukraine during the 154 process of its reforming, inter alia the principal regulatory acts, decrees and orders of the Government and the Ministry of Education and Science of Ukraine, which were aimed to reform and modernize the system of the higher education of Ukraine, as well as to implement the European education standards, to promote the improvement of academic cooperation, international recognition of the academic documents and the participation of Ukraine in the European educational programs and projects.
Total Dissolved Solids on Turmeric Emulsion (Curcuma longa L.) Affected by Iota and Kappa Carrageenan
Authors: Arganis Lusida Mulia , Rizqiati Heni , Legowo Anang Mohamad , Pramono Yoyok Budi , Al-Baarri Ahmad Ni'matullah
Published: May 2019

The quality of emulsion such as total dissolved solids, may be determined by type of emulsifier. Carrageenan is a polysaccharide from red seaweed (Rhodophyceae) and it is well known as emulsifier, however the application of carrageenan has not widely used in traditional beverage in Java Island, Indonesia. Therefore, the purpose of this research was to determine the effect of carrageenan in turmeric emulsion on its total dissolved solids. Distribution of total dissolved solids was tested using total dissolved solid-meter. Iota and kappa carrageenan were used. As a result, carrageenan might increase total dissolved solid at 58±3.4% and iota had reached higher total dissolved solid than kappa. As conclusion, total dissolved solid might be elevated by the addition of carrageenan.
Axiolagical foundations of subjectivity of the lawyer’s personality
Authors: Ogorodnikov A. Yu.
Published: May 2019

The article deals with the essence and conditions of formation of the personality of a lawyer capable of independent decision-making and critical thinking, implementing the principle of independence in professional activity, focused on well-thought-out innovative actions and improvement of legal relations. The paper highlights axiological foundations of the development concentrated around common values that direct the lawyer to implement essential human qualities in their professional activity.
Comparative analysis of social codes of constituent entities of the Russian Federation
Authors: Litvinova V. V.
Published: May 2019

The current system of social support for the population is regulated by a large number of federal and regional regulatory legal acts adopted over the past 25 years. This creates both significant problems for beneficiaries (does not allow to quickly focus on what measures of social support and under what conditions they are entitled), as well as certain difficulties for the authorities themselves.

During the existence and development of the legal field in the field of social support, not only the terminology has changed, but also the principles and approaches to social protection. There is an objective need to systematize the existing legislation. The subjects of the Russian Federation took the path of codification: Social codes of the Astrakhan, Belgorod, Volgograd, Leningrad, Omsk, Yaroslavl regions and the city of St. Petersburg have already been adopted.

The article provides a comparison of the social codes of the regions of Russia according to six criteria: basic concepts, goals and objectives of the code, principles of social legislation, the structure of the code, the presence of formulas for calculations in the text of the code, the limitation of action in time Following the analysis, recommendations were made to the constituent entities of the Russian Federation on the codification of social legislation.
Peculiarities of legal protection of personal data of minors in the field of electronic communication in the European Union
Authors: Krylova M. S.
Published: May 2019

The paper considers the peculiarities of the legal protection of personal data of minors in the field of electronic communications in the European Union. The reasons for the expediency of introducing differentiated rules for minors in the context of the realization of the right to protection of personal data are substantiated. In addition, the article analyzes the provisions of Regulation (EC) 2016/679 on the protection of individuals in the processing of personal data and on the free movement of such data which entered into force in May 2018. The author reflects its innovations regarding the conditions for applying to the minors the concept of informed consent for processing and measures to verify the age of data, including the provision of services in electronic communications.
La presencia de la arquitectura reformada en el Premio Internazionale Frate Sole
Authors: Della Longa Giorgio
Published: May 2019

Este texto pretende analizar la presencia de la arquitectura protestante en las seis ediciones del Premio Internazionale di Architettura Sacra Frate Sole (1996-2016). Una presencia que se ha ido incrementando con el paso de los años, aunque lograra su máximo reconocimiento ya en la primera edición, cuando el premio recayó en el conjunto de tres capillas construidas por el arquitecto japonés Tadao Ando. Conviene recordar el carácter específico del Premio Internacional Frate Sole (en cada convocatoria sólo se pueden presentar las iglesias terminadas diez años atrás), así como su vocación inclusiva, contemporánea y universal de promoción de la arquitectura sacra. Se analizarán las propuestas significativas —más allá de las premiadas— recibidas de las distintas denominaciones protestantes, para incidir en su especificidad. Los resultados obtenidos ayudan a valorar la alta calidad media de las propuestas en el discurso arquitectónico mundial.
El cine revivido
Authors: Sato Kotani Alberto , Jiménez Palma Gabriela , Varas Schumacher Javiera , Pantin Ruiz Juan Vicente
Published: May 2019

Arte masivo por excelencia, esencialmente reproductivo y temporal, el cine estuvo presente en todos los rincones de la ciudad moderna. Si alguna arquitectura pudiera identificarse plenamente con el espíritu de la modernidad sería la de sus salas de proyección, desplazadas a mediados del siglo XX por la televisión y otros fenómenos que, especialmente en los barrios, provocaron su demolición o transformación en garajes, depósitos, comercios y templos evangélicos. En esa última y singular forma de ocupación se detiene este trabajo para establecer dos dimensiones de los cultos populares que se extienden en las ciudades latinoamericanas (Caracas, Buenos Aires y Santiago de Chile serán aquí los casos de estudio), conservando atributos de las que quizá hayan sido de las pocas arquitecturas cultas instaladas en sus barrios y arrabales. La contribución hecha por el cristianismo actual permite hoy señalar su importancia, aunque estén —en cuanto hechos de la modernidad— condenados a disolverse.
Three-dimensional boundary layer flow of nanofluids due to an unsteady stretching surface
Authors: Mahdy A.
Published: May 2019

A numerical solution has been obtained for the unsteady three-dimensional stretching flow and heat transfer due to uncertainties of thermal conductivity and dynamic viscosity of nanofluids. The term of nanofluid refers to a solid–liquid mixture with a continuous phase which is a nanometer sized nanoparticle dispersed in conventional base fluids. The unsteadiness in the flow and temperature fields is caused by the time-dependent of the stretching velocity and the surface temperature.  Different water-based nanofluids containing Cu, Ag, and TiO2 are taken into consideration. The governing partial differential equations with the auxiliary conditions are converted to ordinary differential equations with the appropriate corresponding conditions via scaling transformations. Comparison with known results for steady state flow is presented and it found to be in excellent agreement.
Cytotoxic Effect of Chitosan Nanoparticles on Normal Human Dental Pulp Cells
Authors: Alhomrany Rami , Zhang Chang , Chou Laisheng
Published: May 2019

Introduction: Recent in vitro studies have shown that chitosan nanoparticles could enhance the antimicrobial activity of several dental materials. However, the biocompatibility of these nanoparticles with normal human cells is still controversial. The aim of this study was to evaluate the potential toxicity of various sizes and concentrations of chitosan nanoparticles cultured with normal human dental pulp cells. Methods: Normal human dental pulp cells were derived from human dental pulp tissues and cultured with (50-67) nm and (318-350) nm chitosan nanoparticles in concentrations: 0.2 mg/mL, 0.5 mg/mL, 1 mg/mL, and 2 mg/mL as study groups, and 0 mg/mL as a control. The cell attachment efficiency for each group was assessed at 16 hours. The proliferation rate and cell viability were evaluated at days 7 and 14. Both, attachment efficiency and proliferation rate were assessed by measuring the optical density of crystal violet stained cells. The cell viability was determined by the activity of the mitochondrial dehydrogenase enzyme. Statistical analysis was performed using One-Way ANOVA and post hoc Tukey test. Results: All concentrations of the (50-67) nm group significantly reduced cell attachment efficiency in comparison with the control (p<0.01) and with the (318-350) nm group (p<0.01). All concentrations of both groups, (50-67) nm and (318-350) nm, significantly reduced cell proliferation and cell viability compared to the control in dose-dependent and size-associated manners. (p<0.01).    Conclusion: Chitosan nanoparticles exhibit a cytotoxic effect on normal human dental pulp cells
Displaced calcaneal fractures, midterm results of the sinus tarsi approach and screw fixation
Authors: Halwai Manzoor Ahmad , Wani Iftikhar Hussain , Gani Naseemul , Farooq Munir , Kutchay Gulzar Ahmad , Bashir Adil
Published: May 2019

Background: We present the results of displaced intrarticular calcaneal fractures managed by limited sinus tarsi approach with good clinical and radiological outcome and less number of complications seen with conventional lateral approach.

Methods: We operated 42 patients of displaced calcaneal fractures (Sanders type II and III) from April 2016 to March 2018 by open reduction and internal fixation with limited sinus tarsi approach by cannulated screws. All patients were evaluated clinically and radiologically before and after surgery. Final evaluation was done by Maryland Foot and Ankle score.

Results: Patients were followed up for a mean period of 24 months. 30 patients returned to preinjury status activities while 12 patients confined themselves to sedentary schedule. The mean preoperative Bohler’s angle was 3.00 (range -30 to 20) while as mean postoperative Bohler’s angle was 26.4 (range 15 to 40). No wound dehiscence or skin necrosis was seen in our study. One patient developed superficial wound infection. Three patients reported prominent hardware related to screw heads. Four patients developed complex regional pain syndrome which was managed successfully at 6 month’s period.

Conclusions: The limited sinus tarsi approach can be successfully used in displaced intra articular calcaneal fractures with good functional and radiological outcome. It allows good visualisation and reduction and can be used in patients with high risk. It is minimally invasive and undoubtly avoids the major soft tissue problems of extensile approach.
Current scenario in clinical trends of psoriasis in tertiary care hospital
Authors: Velappan Ravichandran , Venu Sridhar , Ramasamy Sindhuja , Chellappan Lakshmanan
Published: May 2019

Background: Psoriasis is a common papulosquamous chronic, recurrent inflammatory skin disease with genetic predisposition and environmental factors acting as triggers. The current prevalence of common dermatoses will be useful for giving appropriate treatment for the patients. The aim of the study is to determine the different clinical pattern and prevalence of psoriasis in our institution.

Methods: This study is a hospital-based descriptive study. We included 400 self-reporting patients of age group 6-87 years with psoriasis who attended our skin OPD. Period of study was 3 months from January 2019 to March 2019 in our medical college situated in Chengalpattu, Tamil Nadu.

Results: Chronic plaque psoriasis is the most common (63.2%) clinical pattern observed irrespective of age and sex. Scalp and Nail involvement were common. Co-morbidities associated include diabetes mellitus, hypertension, alcoholism, hypothyroidism, and depression.

Conclusions: Our data correlates with previous hospital-based prevalence studies of psoriasis.
EVALUATION OF THE EFFECT OF EXPOSURE TIME IN WATER ON THE SAFETY OF ADDITIONAL SHOT PRODUCTS ON THE TARGET
Authors: Leonov S. V. , Pinchuk P. V. , Stepanov S. A.
Published: May 2019

We assumed that the different exposure times of the cotton target in the water would not change the morphology and location of the shot products. To confirm our assumption, a series of experiments was carried out, which consisted in exposure of cotton targets in distilled water at different time intervals, followed by their extraction and study. The study showed that the morphology and location of the shot products on a dry target after soaking in water with a duration of up to one day does not change.
Prerequisites for Performance-Based Contracts: Digitalization and Data Sharing Changes Business Models in E&P Supply Chain
Authors: Laborie Francois , Biermann Marius , Camp Audrey , Sivertsen Morten
Published: May 2019

This paper explores the way data sharing can enable innovation in the E&P supply chain.

International pump supplier Framo has signed the first performance-based contract on the Norwegian Continental Shelf. Their partner in this project is Aker BP, one of the largest independent oil companies in Europe. Their SMART contract, signed in August 2018, sets an overview of concrete performance indicators that have a direct impact on the pricing of pump services. Using a shared industrial data platform, Framo receives live data from their equipment in operation offshore, allowing them to continuously monitor and improve performance. This paper analyzes the upsides and risks for both the operator and the supplier in this case and explains the data sharing technology that makes the project possible.

Live data sharing between operator and supplier revolutionizes the supply chain, enabling a transition from the traditional purchase of equipment to the purchase of performance of the equipment as a service. The Aker BP-Framo contract is the first of its kind to be implemented in the North Sea. It will set the standard for such contracts, showing how data should be shared between the parties, how performance is monitored, and how the pricing model may be set. Beyond changing a legacy business model, the Aker BP-Framo contract also demonstrates the necessity of data sharing in the industrial future.

This paper can function as a set of guidelines for other operators and suppliers looking to embrace a digitalized industrial future, disrupt the supply chain, and implement performance-based contracts.
Drilling Fluids - Lost Circulation Treatment
Authors: Khalifeh Mahmoud , Klungtvedt Karl Ronny , Vasshus Jan Kristian , Saasen Arild
Published: May 2019

Occasionally the drilling fluid pressure exceeds the fracturing pressure and drilling fluid is lost to the formation. Several types of lost circulation materials (LCM) are used to heal such losses. However, in standard testing procedures like American Petroleum Institute Recommended Practice 13-1 or 13-2, only a 100psi or 500psi differential pressure is required in the pressure cell for LCM testing. It is shown that this pressure is by far too small to give any meaningful data for LCM performance.

Lost circulation can occur in all well sections. Especially, will lost circulation represent a potential problem during drilling long sections with varying formation strengths and varying formation pressures. In a typical drilling situation, the minimum static overbalance in the well is more than 100psi in order to control the formation pressures and avoid influx of formation fluids into the wellbore. During drilling this overbalance will increase due to, amongst others, frictional effects. These effects, together with variations in formation pressures sometimes lead to dynamic differential pressures exceeding 2000 or even 3000psi. Testing under conditions exceeding the expected maximum differential pressures are meaningful in order to identify the sealing capabilities of LCM materials under such conditions.

Some tests focus on losses through tapered slots. In such cases particles larger than the slot outlet will sooner or later contribute to stopping the loss. In a real situation the fracture would be in position to open further. Hence, such tests are not optimal. Other tests are based on slot openings as the minimum size. In such cases the fluids will need to bridge off the opening to work. Based on bridging formation ideas, a development of new LCMs was conducted. These LCMs were able to handle downhole pressure differences.

Slotted disks were installed into a high-pressure cell. The slots were 18.00 mm long and 400, 700, 1600, 2000 and 2500μm wide which were made into disks with a diameter of 24.13 mm. Drilling fluid was pumped through the cell and an LCM filter cake was formed across the disk slot. The pressure required to break this filter cake was obtained (unless it exceeds 5000 psi) and recorded. The fluid filtration losses through the apparatus was strongly dependent on the LCM concentration. A set of LCM tests was performed, and examples are given where the LCM actually would withstand a differential pressure 5000 psi across the slotted disks without failing.
Effect of Mud on Cement Sheath Integrity
Authors: Skorpa Ragnhild , Werner Benjamin , Vrålstad Torbjørn
Published: May 2019

Cement sheaths are among the most important well barrier elements and cement sheath integrity is thus important to maintain zonal isolation. Repeated pressure cycling in a well might lead to radial cracks and/or formation of microannuli in the cement sheaths. However, most experimental tests and model simulations of cement sheath integrity do not include mudfilms at the cement-rock interface, and the effect of such mudfilms on cement degradation during pressure cycling is thus not well understood.

In this paper, we have used our custom-made laboratory set-up to study how mudfilms influence cement sheath integrity during pressure cycling, where X-ray computer tomography (CT) is used to visualize microannuli and cracks formed in the cement. Our results show that the bonding towards the formation is of importance for the cement sheath integrity during pressure cycling, both in the case of a soft and a stiff surrounding formation. Additionally, we see that with mudfilm present at the cement-rock interface the cement sheath is able to withstand less casing pressure before failure compared to a cement sheath without mud. For samples with a mudfilm present, radial cracks were not observed to propagate from the cement sheath and into the surrounding rock in the area covered by mudfilm.
Experimental Evaluation of Oil Recovery Mechanisms Using a Variety of Surface-Modified Silica Nanoparticles in the Injection Water
Authors: Bila Alberto , Stensen Jan Åge , Torsæter Ole
Published: May 2019

Lack of relevant screening methods of oil recovery techniques for water flood with added nanoparticles in a given reservoir are hindering its implementation for enhanced oil recovery (EOR) purposes. Moreover, the understanding of the underlying mechanisms of oil increased by nanoparticles must be improved.

In this work, we screened twenty-three different types of silica nanoparticles as additives to injection water for oil recovery applications. The nanoparticles were surface functionalised to remain stable in the injection water and be active at the surface. The hypothesis is that the particles will improve the microscopic oil recovery efficiency of water flood in an oil reservoir. The concentrated solution of nanoparticles were prepared to 0.1 wt % concentration in synthetic North Sea water. Crude oil was obtained from a field in the North Sea. The following investigations were carried out to quickly verify the performance of nanoparticle oil recovery: 1) secondary injection through a visual glass micromodel. 2) For the prominent silica nanoparticles, we evaluated oil recovery by conducting secondary core flooding experiments in water-wet Berea sandstone rocks; and 3) the displacement mechanisms of nanoparticles were investigated by interfacial tension measurements between nanofluids and crude oil; Amott-wettability test; and by analyzing differential pressure across the core.

Experimental results from secondary floods showed that modified silica nanoparticles can boost oil recovery. The core flood recoveries ranged from 45.7% to 54.5% of original oil in place (OOIP) compared to 39.7% of reference water flood. Displacement studies revealed that, oil recovery was obtained from a contribution of interfacial tension reduction, wettability alteration, and log jamming effect due to pore blockage. This work suggests a procedure for screening nanoparticles for EOR applications while providing insights into the role of the modified-silica nanoparticles for recovery of oil.
Neural network time series prediction based on multilayer perceptron
Authors: Rudenko Oleg , Bezsonov Oleksandr , Romanyk Oleksandr
Published: May 2019

Until recently, the statistical approach was the main technique in solving the prediction problem. In the framework of static models, the tasks of forecasting, the identification of hidden periodicity in data, analysis of dependencies, risk assessment in decision making, and others are solved. The general disadvantage of statistical models is the complexity of choosing the type of the model and selecting its parameters. Computing intelligence methods, among which artificial neural networks should be considered at first, can serve as alternative to statistical methods. The ability of the neural network to comprehensively process information follows from their ability to generalize and isolate hidden dependencies between input and output data. Significant advantage of neural networks is that they are capable of learning and generalizing the accumulated knowledge. The article proposes a method of neural networks training in solving the problem of prediction of the time series. Most of the predictive tasks of the time series are characterized by high levels of nonlinearity and non-stationary, noisiness, irregular trends, jumps, abnormal emissions. In these conditions, rigid statistical assumptions about the properties of the time series often limit the possibilities of classical forecasting methods. The alternative methods to statistical methods can be the methods of computational intelligence, which include artificial neural networks. The simulation results confirmed that the proposed method of training the neural network can significantly improve the prediction accuracy of the time series.
Bench to Bedside: Principles and Practice of Epoprostenol Therapy, from Maximizing Benefit to Minimizing Side Effects
Authors: Robbins Ivan , Langleben David , McGoon Michael , Krichman Abby
Published: May 2019

Ivan Robbins, MD, Director, Pulmonary Hypertension Center, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, conducted this discussion. The panel included David Langleben, MD, Director, Center for Pulmonary Vascular Disease, Jewish General Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Michael McGoon, MD, Consultant in Cardiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota; and Abby Krichman, RRT, Pulmonary Hypertension Coordinator, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina.
Pulmonary Venous Hypertension: A Pulmonologist's Perspective
Authors: Soto Francisco
Published: May 2019

Increased pulmonary hypertension (PH) awareness in the general public and among health providers has led to an increase in referral of patients who are found to have elevated estimates of pulmonary artery systolic pressure (PASP) on a transthoracic echocardiogram (TTE), without other strong features suggestive of precapillary PH (pulmonary arterial hypertension; PAH). Some of these patients undergo TTE as part of their workup for unexplained dyspnea that appears out of proportion to their other comorbidities. Many of these patients are older individuals with underlying conditions such as systemic hypertension (HTN), diabetes mellitus (DM), coronary artery disease (CAD), and obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). While some of them may have PAH, accumulated experience in the PH community suggests that many of these patients will be ultimately found to have elevated left ventricular (LV) filling pressures and impaired LV relaxation as the cause of their dyspnea and elevation of pulmonary pressures on TTE.12 These findings are consistent with a form of Group 2 PH termed LV diastolic dysfunction, more recently termed heart failure with preserved left ventricular systolic function (HFpEF) (Table 1).2 Other forms of Group 2 PH, defined as “pulmonary hypertension owing to left-sided heart disease,” include LV systolic dysfunction or left-sided valvular disease.2 For the purpose of this article, the term pulmonary venous hypertension (PVH) will be used to refer to Group 2 PH, HFpEF. Being able to accurately discriminate PAH (precapillary; Group 1 PH) from PVH (postcapillary; Group 2 PH) is critical to determine and apply the appropriate treatment course. This is a difficult, yet frequently encountered clinical dilemma, which can fall into a “gray zone” with respect to clinical classification. We will provide important clinical features that should heighten the clinician's awareness and suspicion of this rapidly growing phenomenon. These features are critical when trying to differentiate PAH (Group 1 PH) from PVH (Group 2 PH).
An Update on Therapies for Pediatric Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension 2011
Authors: Yung Delphine
Published: May 2019

The number of approved therapies for pulmonary hypertension continues to increase. This article reviews the literature related to pediatric use of these therapies from the past 5 years. The evidence-based algorithm for pulmonary hypertension treatment in adults is discussed with respect to children.
Using Advanced Pulmonary Hypertension Therapies in Children
Authors: Rosenzweig Erika , Ivy Dunbar , Beghetti Maurice , Feinstein Jeffrey
Published: May 2019

On July 8, 2011, Editor-in-Chief Erika Rosenzweig convened a discussion among a group of physicians who work daily with pediatric PH patients to share their thoughts and experiences related to using new therapies with children. Contributing to the conversation were guest editor Dunbar Ivy, MD, Professor of Pediatrics, University of Colorado; Jeffrey A. Feinstein, MD, MPH, Associate Professor, Stanford University School of Medicine; Tilman Humpl, MD, PhD, Associate Professor, Pediatrics, University of Toronto; and Professor Maurice Beghetti, Head of Pediatric Subspecialties Division and Head of Pediatric Cardiology Unit, Children's University Hospital, Geneva, Switzerland.
Quality of Life in Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension: Qualitative Insights From Patients and Caregivers
Authors: Studer Sean M. , Migliore Christina
Published: May 2019

Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a progressive and presently incurable disease resulting in distressing and debilitating symptoms for patients, including exertional dyspnea, fatigue, chest pain/discomfort, and feeling dizzy or lightheaded.12 These symptoms cause profound functional limitations that often require patients to make significant lifestyle changes and cope with formidable psychological challenges as they face this progressive disease. While the introduction of new treatments over the past decade has expanded options for improving functional exercise capacity,3 we still have limited insight into the nature of the psychological challenges facing patients and the secondary impact on their caregivers.
Thrombin and Platelets in Pulmonary Hypertension: A Lot More Than Clot
Authors: White R. James
Published: May 2019

This article is intended to deliver a clinically relevant overview about the role of coagulation factors and platelets in the pathogenesis of pulmonary hypertension. After summarizing the available data with warfarin, some information is provided about the novel oral anticoagulants that were recently approved for atrial fibrillation and may soon be approved for venous thrombosis. The author is hopeful that this information will stimulate investigator interest in this topic and drive us toward meaningful studies about this important aspect of PAH therapy.
Considering the Impacts of Health Disparities, Inequalities, and Inequities on Early Diagnosis of Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension
Authors: D'Anna Laura Hoyt
Published: May 2019

“Of all the forms of inequality, injustice in health care is the most shocking and inhumane.” – Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr.

Early recognition, diagnosis, and treatment of pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a worthwhile endeavor in that it remains underdiagnosed in an era where 9 FDA-approved treatments are available, which have shown to provide clinical improvements and prolonged survival.1 Furthermore, despite the significant advances in understanding the etiology of PAH, the time from onset of symptoms to recognition of the disease has not improved over the past 2 decades, the delay of which results in progression of pathologic changes that are life threatening and irreversible when left untreated. This is particularly concerning in that the potential for optimal clinical outcomes and survival is diminished even after a 2-year delay in diagnosis.2 The aim of this article is to evaluate the current public health framework to highlight social determinants that influence and may result in barriers in achieving optimal health outcomes, with a focus on factors that may contribute to delayed diagnosis of PAH.3
Protocols in Heart and Lung Transplantation: An Essential Guide to Preoperative Assessment and Timing to Improve Outcomes
Authors: Tapson Victor , Frantz Robert , Conte John
Published: May 2019

This discussion was moderated by Victor Tapson, MD, Editor-in-Chief of Advances in Pulmonary Hypertension and Associate Professor, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina. The participants included Robert Frantz, MD, Assistant Professor of Medicine, Cardiovascular Division, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota; and John Conte, MD, Associate Professor of Surgery and Director of Heart and Lung Transplantation, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD.
Recapping Highlights from Pulmonary Hypertension Association Scientific Sessions and Identifying Key Issues Driving Translational Research
Authors: McGoon Michael , Tapson Victor F. , Channick Richard N. , McLaughlin Valerie V. , Oudiz Ronald J. , Robbins Ivan M.
Published: May 2019

This discussion was moderated by Michael McGoon, MD, Professor of Medicine and Consultant in the Division of Cardiovascular Diseases and Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, Minnesota. Participants included members of the Editorial Advisory Board of Advances in Pulmonary Hypertension: Victor F. Tapson, MD, Professor of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, and Editor-in-Chief of the journal; Richard N. Channick, MD, Associate Professor of Medicine, Pulmonary and Critical Care Division, University of California, San Diego Medical Center, San Diego, California; Vallerie V. McLaughlin, MD, Associate Professor of Medicine, Director, Pulmonary Hypertension Program, University of Michigan Health System, Ann Arbor, Michigan; Ronald J. Oudiz, MD, Associate Professor of Medicine, UCLA School of Medicine, and Director, Liu Center for Pulmonary Hypertension, Division of Cardiology, Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, California; and Ivan M. Robbins, MD, Director, Pulmonary Hypertension Center, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee.
Controversies and Consensus in PH With Left Heart Disease: Dosing Issues, Transplant Considerations, Wedge Pressure Targets, Postop Drug Selection, and More
Authors: Maloney James P. , Young James B. , Mathier Michael A. , Frantz Robert P.
Published: May 2019

This discussion was moderated by James P. Maloney, MD, Associate Professor, Division of Pulmonary Science and Critical Care Medicine, University of Colorado, Denver, Colorado. The participants included Robert P. Frantz, MD, Assistant Professor of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Diseases, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, Minnesota; Michael A. Mathier, MD, Assistant Professor of Medicine, Director, Pulmonary Hypertension Program, and Associate Director, Cardiovascular Fellowship Program, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; and James B. Young, MD, Professor and Chairman, Division of Medicine, and George and Linda Kaufman Chair, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, Ohio.
Pulmonary Hypertension Roundtable: Recapping 5 Years, Exploring Emerging Approaches
Authors: McLaughlin Vallerie V. , Channick Richard N. , Robbins Ivan M. , Tapson Victor F.
Published: May 2019

This discussion was moderated by Vallerie V. McLaughlin, MD, Associate Professor of Medicine and Director, Pulmonary Hypertension Program, University of Michigan Health System, Ann Arbor, Michigan. Panel members included Richard N. Channick, MD, Associate Professor of Medicine, Pulmonary and Critical Care Division, University of California, San Diego Medical Center, San Diego, California; Ivan M. Robbins, MD, Director of the Pulmonary Hypertension Center, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee; and Victor F. Tapson, MD, Professor of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina.
Preoperative Risk Assessment of Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension Patients Undergoing General Surgery
Authors: McGlothlin Dana , De Marco Teresa
Published: May 2019

Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a disease of the pulmonary vasculature that is characterized by a progressive increase in pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR) and pulmonary artery pressure (PAP) resulting in the development of right ventricular (RV) failure, inadequate oxygenation, and ultimately death. Anesthesia and surgery, both cardiac and noncardiac, are associated with significantly increased morbidity and mortality in patients with PAH due mainly to RV failure, arrhythmias, postoperative hypoxemia, and myocardial ischemia. Preoperative risk assessment and successful management of patients with PAH undergoing general surgery involves an understanding of the pathophysiology of the disease, analysis of preoperative and operative risk factors, intraoperative management, and early recognition and treatment of postoperative complications.
Assisting Pulmonary Hypertension Patients and Families With Treatment Decisions
Authors: Frutiger Karen , Kingman Martha , Poms Abby , Traiger Glenna
Published: May 2019

To complement this issue's theme, “Living With Pulmonary Hypertension,” a discussion on assisting patients with therapy decisions was led by guest editor Glenna Traiger, RN, MSN, Pulmonary Hypertension CNS, University of California, Los Angeles. The panelists included Karen Frutiger, RN, Clinical Nurse Coordinator, University of Rochester Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension Program, Rochester, NY; Martha Kingman, Nurse Practitioner, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas; and Abby Poms, RRT, Duke University Pulmonary Vascular Disease Program Manager, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina.
Cardiopulmonary Exercise Testing in the Evaluation of Unexplained Dyspnea
Authors: Oldham William M. , Systrom David M.
Published: May 2019

Diagnosis of unexplained exertional dyspnea or fatigue is a significant challenge. When routine cardiac and pulmonary evaluations are unrevealing, cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET) with invasive hemodynamic monitoring may reveal the abnormal physiology causing these symptoms. In this review, the authors describe the protocol for invasive CPET at Massachusetts General Hospital, and present cases of exercise-induced pulmonary arterial hypertension and exercise-induced heart failure with preserved ejection fraction, as well as a new entity, preload failure, to demonstrate the utility of invasive CPET in the evaluation of unexplained exertional dyspnea. Indeed, exercise-induced pulmonary hypertension may represent early disease where prompt therapeutic intervention may improve outcome. When compared to noninvasive CPET or exercise stress echocardiography, invasive CPET has significant advantages in identifying the etiology of elevated pulmonary pressures and determining the influence of central hemodynamics on exercise capacity. For this reason, we expect that invasive CPET will assume a more prominent role in the evaluation and management of pulmonary hypertension.
The Structures and Bioactivities of Fatty Acid Synthase Inhibitors
Authors: Jiang Hezhong , Gan Tian , Zhang Jiasui , Ma Qingyun , Liang Yan , Zhao Youxing
Published: May 2019

Background:

Fatty Acid Synthase (FAS or FASN) is a vital enzyme which catalyzes
the de novo synthesis of long chain fatty acids. A number of studies have recently been reported
that FAS was combined targets for the discovery of anti-obesity and anti-cancer drugs. Great interest
has been developed in finding novel FAS inhibitors, and result in more than 200 inhibitors being
reported.

Methods:

The reported research literature about the FAS inhibitors was collected and analyzedsised
through major databases including Web of Science, and PubMed. Then the chemical stractures,
FAS inhibitory activities, and Structure-Activity Relationships (SAR) were summarized
focused on all these reported FAS inhibitors.

Results:

The 248 FAS inhibitors, which were reported during the past 20 years, could be divided
into thiolactone, butyrolactone and butyrolactam, polyphenols, alkaloids, terpenoids, and other
structures, in view of their structure characteristics. And the SAR of high inhibitory structures of
each type was proposed in this paper.

Conclusion:

A series of synthetic quinolinone derivatives show strongest inhibitory activity in the
reported FAS inhibitors. Natural polyphenols, existing in food and herbs, show more adaptive in
medicine exploration because of their safety and efficiency. Moreover, screening the FAS inhibitors
from microorganism and marine natural products could be the hot research directions in the
future.