bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
INVESTMENT, IRREVERSIBILITY, AND UNCERTAINTY IN ENERGY BEET–BASED ETHANOL
Authors: HOSSISO KASSU WAMISHO , RIPPLINGER DAVID
Published: November 2016

This study evaluates optimal investment decision rules for an energy beet ethanol firm to exercise the option to invest, mothball, reactivate, and exit the ethanol market, considering uncertainty and volatility in the market price of ethanol, feedstock, and irreversible investment. A real options framework is used to compute gross margins of ethanol that trigger entry into and exit from the ethanol market. Results show that volatility in ethanol gross margins has much greater effects on exit and entry decisions than investment costs, and it also causes firms to wait longer before entering the ethanol market and, once active, to wait longer before exiting.
WELFARE ANALYSIS OF THE U.S.-MEXICAN TOMATO SUSPENSION AGREEMENT
Authors: KOSSE ELIJAH , DEVADOSS STEPHEN
Published: November 2016

This study develops a three-county trade model of the United States, Mexico, and Canada to analyze the effects of the 2013 Suspension Agreement on prices, production, consumption, trade flows, and welfare in each country. Although only the United States and Mexico are signatories to the agreement, Canada was also included because the U.S. minimum price distorts prices across the region. Three tomato categories—field, greenhouse, and cherry and grape—are studied because each has a distinct minimum price. The overall welfare effects are positive for Mexico and Canada, but negative for the United States.
Hot Spots and Spatial Autocorrelation in Certified Organic Operations in the United States
Authors: Marasteanu I. Julia , Jaenicke Edward C.
Published: November 2016

This study identifies clusters of certified organic operations in the United States and determines the form of spatial autocorrelation present in the operations’ distribution. We identify large hot spots of organic operations along the West Coast and in the Midwest and Northeast with some variation based on how we define an organic operation. Further analyses suggest that organic operations do not necessarily follow the same geographic patterns as nonorganic agricultural and general business establishments. Spatial autoregressive models confirm the presence of significant spatial dependence in the distribution of certified organic operations for a number of different definitions of an organic operation.
Simulation and Web-based learning increases utilization of Bier block for
forearm fracture reduction in the pediatric emergency department
Authors: Burstein Brett , Fauteux-Lamarre Emmanuelle , Cheng Adam , Chalut Dominic , Bretholz Adam
Published: November 2016

Objectives

Bier block (BB) is a safe and effective alternative to procedural sedation
for analgesia during forearm fracture reductions, yet remains infrequently used
in the pediatric emergency department (PED). No standardized methods of BB
training have previously been described. The objective of this study was to
determine whether a multimodal instructional course increases comfort with BB
and translates to increased use of this technique.

Methods

A novel interdisciplinary simulation and Web-based training course was
developed to teach the use of BB for forearm fracture reduction at a tertiary
PED. Participants were surveyed pre-/post-training, and at 2 and 6 months
regarding their comfort with BB. In parallel, we prospectively assessed the
clinical use of BB for children ages 6 to 18 years requiring closed reduction
of forearm fractures during the 24-month post-course period.

Results

Course participation included 26 physicians and 12 nurses. Survey response
rate was 100%. Course participation increased both comfort (10% pre-training v.
89% post-training, p<0.001) and the
willingness to use BB (51% pre-training v. 95% post-training,
p<0.001), an effect sustained at 6 months
post-course (66% and 92%, respectively,
p<0.001 for both). In clinical practice,
there were no BBs performed prior to course administration. We observed a
consistent and sustained increase in clinical use among the BB-trained
physicians, with 37% of all forearm reductions performed using BB at 24 months
post-course completion.

Conclusions

A novel combined simulation and Web-based training course increased
comfort and willingness to use BB and was associated with increased use of this
technique for forearm fracture reduction in the PED.
Hyperfamiliarity in Amnestic and Vascular Mild Cognitive Impairment
Authors: Chia Pei Shi , Hameed Shahul , Yong Kok Pin , Chan Ling Ling , Ting Simon Kang Seng
Published: November 2016

Objective:Hyperfamiliarity is a phenomenon where new stimuli are perceived as familiar. Previous studies have demonstrated familiarity disorder in mild cognitive impairment (MCI), but mostly from the perspective of a neuropsychological approach, and the exact correlation of MCI aetiologies with the phenomenon remains uncertain. Based on current evidence suggesting a frontal-subcortical pathway contributing to familiarity processing, we hypothesize that individuals with a vascular aetiology of MCI will likely suffer more familiarity deficits. This study aims to examine the real-life hyperfamiliarity symptoms in amnestic versus vascular MCI.Methods:Informants of 11 amnestic and 9 vascular cognitive impairment patients were interviewed about the frequency of hyperfamiliarity symptoms in the previous month. MRI brain images of vascular cognitive impairment patients were analysed as well.Results:Patients with vascular cognitive impairment with no dementia (VCIND) showed a significantly higher frequency of hyperfamiliarity for people but not places or objects. Within VCIND patients, overall basal ganglia hyperintensities, particularly in the putamen, were found to significantly correlate to hyperfamiliarity.Conclusions:Patients with VCIND suffer more real-life hyperfamiliarity during people recognition compared to patients with amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI), despite a comparative global decline in cognitive. This is likely due to impaired memory retrieval and matching processes resulting from subcortical ischaemic lesions.
Male, Pale, and Stale? Diversity in Lawyers’ Leadership
Authors: Semple Noel
Published: November 2016

When lawyers elect the leaders of their self-regulatory organizations, what sort of people do they vote for? How do the selection processes for elite lawyer sub-groups affect the diversity and efficacy of those groups? This article quantitatively assesses the demographic and professional diversity of leadership in the Law Society of Upper Canada. After many years of underrepresentation, in 2015 visible minority members and women were elected in numbers proportionate to their shares of Ontario lawyers. Regression analysis suggests that being non-white was not a disadvantage in the 2015 election, and being female actually conferred an advantage in attracting lawyers’ votes. The diverse employment contexts of the province’s lawyers were also represented in the elected group. However, early-career lawyers were completely unrepresented. This is largely a consequence of electoral system design choices, and can be remedied through the implementation of career-stage constituencies. The Law Society’s “benchers” are more demographically diverse than other elite lawyer sub-groups, such as judges, and the open and transparent selection process may be part of the reason.
Assistive Technology and Older Adults in Disasters: Implications for Emergency Management
Authors: McSweeney-Feld Mary Helen
Published: November 2016

This article identifies concepts, trends, and policy gaps in the availability and service delivery of assistive technology utilized by older adults in disasters, as well as implications for emergency management planning and shelter administration. Definitions of types of assistive technology, as well as views of older adults using technology as at-risk individuals for emergency management service provision, are provided. An overview of peer-reviewed articles and gray literature is conducted, focusing on publications from 2001 to the present in the United States. Analytical frameworks used by emergency management organizations as well as regulations such as the Americans with Disabilities Act and recent court decisions on emergency shelter accessibility in disasters are reviewed. Research on the use of assistive technology by older adults during disasters is a neglected issue. The current and potential benefits of defining standards for provision and use of assistive technology for older adults during disasters has received limited recognition in emergency management planning. Older adults with disabilities utilize assistive technology to maintain their independence and dignity, and communities as well as emergency services managers need to become more aware of the needs and preferences of these older adults in their planning processes and drills as well as in service delivery during actual events. (Disaster Med Public Health Preparedness. 2017;11:135–139)
Screening Patients Undergoing Total Hip or Knee Arthroplasty with Perioperative Urinalysis and the Effect of a Practice Change on Antimicrobial Use
Authors: Bailin Samuel , Noiseux Nicolas , Pottinger Jean M. , Johannsson Birgir , Haleem Ambar , Johnson Sarah , Herwaldt Loreen A.
Published: November 2016

OBJECTIVE

To identify predictors of treatment for urinary tract infections (UTI) among patients undergoing total hip (THA) or knee (TKA) arthroplasties and to assess an intervention based on these predictors.

DESIGN

We conducted a retrospective cohort study of 200 consecutive patients undergoing THA/TKA between February 21, 2011, and June 30, 2011, to identify predictors of treatment for UTI and a prospective cohort study of 50 patients undergoing these procedures between May 21, 2012, and July 17, 2012, to assess the association of signs or symptoms and UTI treatment. We then conducted a before-and-after study to assess whether implementing an intervention affected the frequency of treatment for UTI before or after THA/TKA.

SETTING

The orthopedics department of a university health center.

PATIENTS

Patients undergoing THA or TKA.

INTERVENTION

Surgeons revised their UTI screening and treatment practices.

RESULTS

Positive leukocyte esterase (P<.0001;P<.0001) and urine white blood cell count>5 (P=.01;P=.01) were associated with preoperative or postoperative UTI treatment. In the prospective study, 12 patients (24%) had signs and symptoms consistent with UTI. The number of patients treated for presumed UTI decreased 80.2% after the surgeons changed their practices, and surgical site infection (SSI) rates, including prosthetic joint infections (PJIs), did not increase.

CONCLUSIONS

Urine leukocyte esterase and white blood cell count were the strongest predictors of treatment for UTI before or after THA/TKA. The intervention was associated with a significant decrease in treatment for UTI, and SSI/PJI rates did not increase.

Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol2017;38:281–286
The effect of language mode on motion event descriptions in German–French bilinguals
Authors: BERTHELE RAPHAEL , STOCKER LADINA
Published: November 2016

abstract

When describing motion in space, speakers of French and German are known to show different preferences. In French, the verb typically encodes the path, whereas in German the manner in which the figure moves is mapped onto the verb. In this paper, this difference between the two languages is investigated, drawing on the data produced by forty participants. All participants are multilinguals, with German and French as their two strongest languages. They described fifty video clips in two sessions, once in monolingual and once in bilingual mode. The critical stimuli were always described in German in both language modes, the fillers in German in monolingual mode but in French in bilingual mode. The analyses of the manner and path verb uses show that, in a bilingual mode, speakers significantly converge towards the French model, that is, they reduce the preference for manner verbs and increase the proportion of path verbs.
Icons of remorse: photography, anthropology and the erasure of history in 1950s Italy
Authors: Minghelli Giuliana
Published: November 2016

This essay explores the 1950s as a space of cultural transition through two bodies of iconic images: Tazio Secchiaroli’s 1958 reportage of Aiché Nanà’s striptease and Franco Pinna’s documentation of the rituals of mourning during his work in Salento with anthropologist Ernesto de Martino. Produced on the eve of themiracolo economico, these images are iconic condensations of the contrasting cultural horizons defining the national imaginary of 1950s Italy. Challenging the self-containment of these images, the essay journeys outside the frames into the surrounding historical, cultural and geographical landscapes. To explore how, through photography, Italy visually negotiated the persistence of the past and the advent of modernity, the author traces a genealogy of Italian photography from political action topaparazzismoand examines the significance of the ethnographic journey to the south. Pinna’s photography and de Martino’s ethnography emerge as sites where post-war Italy faces the intractable realities of death and the return of a ‘bad’ past. The essay investigates how ritual mourning engages the photographic image to reveal an amnesiac culture of the spectacle exposing Italy’s relation to history as a modern repressed.
Editorial
Authors: Wong Theo E. , Kroonenberg Salomon B. , Reijers Tom J.A.
Published: November 2016

This special issue of the Netherlands Journal of Geosciences / Geologie en Mijnbouw contains the proceedings of the Conference on the Economic Geology of Suriname, held on 16 January 2015 in The Hague, the Netherlands, to honour Dr Eddie Jharap (Fig. 1), founder and former Chief Executive Officer of Staatsolie, Suriname. At this conference the President of the Royal Netherlands Geological and Mining Society (KNGMG), Drs Lucia van Geuns, awarded him the prestigious Van Waterschoot van der Gracht Medal, the highest honour available to an earth scientist in the Netherlands. Dr Jharap expressed his gratitude in a warm and humble speech which highlighted both his strong personal motivation to contribute to the development of Suriname, and his astonishing accomplishments since the 1980s in founding and developing Staatsolie.
The Democratic Effect of Direct Democracy
Authors: LEEMANN LUCAS , WASSERFALLEN FABIO
Published: November 2016

A key requirement of democratic governance is that policy outcomes and the majority preference of the electorate are congruent. Many studies argue that the more direct democratic a system is, the more often voters get what they want, but the empirical evidence is mixed. This analysis explores the democratic effect of initiatives and referendums theoretically and empirically. The prediction of the formal model is that “bad” representation (i.e., a large preference deviation between the electorate and the political elite) is good for the democratic effect of direct democracy. An empirical investigation of original voter and elite survey data, analyzed with multilevel modeling and poststratification, supports this argument. Building on the literature, the findings of the analysis suggest that the extent to which direct democratic institutions are conducive for policy congruence—and may thus be advisable as democratic correctives to representative systems—depends on the political conflict structure.
Age and correlation of the transgressiveGonioclymeniaLimestone (Famennian, Tafilalt, eastern Anti-Atlas, Morocco)
Authors: HARTENFELS SVEN , BECKER RALPH THOMAS
Published: November 2016

The widely quarried and commercially exploitedGonioclymeniaLimestone of the western and southern Tafilalt Platform (Anti-Atlas, SE Morocco) represents a transgressive but strongly condensed and shallowing upwards unit that overlies conformably or unconformably Famennian to Lower Devonian deposits. It is characterized by abundant, giant-sizedGonioclymenia speciosa, which characterizes the Famennian V-B, and rareLeviclymenia ramulasp. nov. Associated conodont faunas fall in theBispathodus costatusSubzone of theB. aculeatus aculeatus(= Middleexpansa) Zone. A rare outcrop at Jebel Ihrs West proved thatKalloclymeniaand conodont faunas of theB. ultimus ultimus(= Upperexpansa) Zone occur in a separate, overlying unit of the lower part of Famennian VI. Consequently, joint occurrences ofGonioclymeniaandKalloclymeniaon large limestone slabs that are on offer in rock shops are artificial assemblages; there is no evidence for a regional co-occurrence of both genera. This is supported by correlation into thicker sections of the adjacent Maider and Tafilalt Basins. The TafilaltGonioclymeniaTransgression may represent the regional expression of a eustatic pulse in theB. costatusSubzone that is known on the Ardennes Shelf as the transgressive Epinette Event. The conodont faunas yieldedNeopolygnathus fibulasp. nov.,Pseudopolygnathus primus tafilensisssp. nov., new morphotypes ofB. spinulicostatusandPseudopolygnathus primus primus, the oldestSiphonodella (Eosiphonodella)and variable ‘siphonodelloids’ that are currently left in open nomenclature.
Consumption of nutritional pellets with Duddingtonia flagrans fungal chlamydospores reduces infective nematode larvae of Haemonchus contortus in faeces of Saint Croix lambs
Authors: Aguilar-Marcelino L. , Mendoza-de-Gives P. , Torres-Hernández G. , López-Arellano M.E. , Becerril-Pérez C.M. , Orihuela-Trujillo A. , Torres-Acosta J.F.J. , Olmedo-Juárez A.
Published: November 2016

Two groups of six Haemonchus contortus infected Saint Croix lambs each received different diets for 11 weeks: control group, commercial food, molasses and lucerne hay; and treated group, nutritional pellets (NPs) containing Duddingtonia flagrans at 2 × 106 chlamydospores/kg body weight (BW), sorghum and lucerne hay. Mean BW gain (BWG), body condition score (BCS) and packed cell volume (PCV) and also eggs/g of faeces (EPG) and recovered L3 were compared using a repeated measures across time model. Groups had similar BWG (control 139.7 ± 0.035 g/day and treated 167.7 ± 0.041 g/day), BCS (control 3.6 ± 0.39 and treated 3.4 ± 0.46) and PCV (control 32.5 ± 1.68% and treated 30.0 ± 1.68%). The mean EPG of the control group was 1215 ± 1040 and in the treated group it was 2097.91 ± 2050. No reduction in larval population was observed during weeks 2 and 3. The greatest larval population reduction in the faeces of treated lambs was observed during the first week (70.5%) and from weeks 6 to 11, with a mean value close to 70% (P < 0.05). In general, both experimental groups showed a similar feed conversion. It was concluded that both diets resulted in similar lamb growth, PCV, BCS and H. contortus EPG. However, NP consumption significantly reduced the H. contortus L3 population in lamb faeces.
Effect of inoculum age and physical parameters onin vitroculture of the entomopathogenic nematodeSteinernema feltiae
Authors: Leite L.G. , Shapiro-Ilan D.I. , Hazir S. , Jackson M.A.
Published: November 2016

Entomopathogenic nematodes (EPNs) of the families Steinernematidae and Heterorhabditidae have a symbiotic association with bacteria which makes them virulent against insects. EPNs have been mass produced usingin vivoandin vitromethods, including both solid and liquid fermentation. This study assessed the effect of nematode inoculum age on the production ofSteinernema feltiaein liquid, solid and biphasic processes. Several physical parameters were also assessed: the effect of medium viscosity, flask size and aeration speed on the recovery and yield of infective juveniles (IJs). Inoculum age treatments included inoculum liquid cultures that were 7, 14, 21 and 28 days old. Nematodes from the same inoculum were added to one liquid medium (liquid culture), one solid medium with bacteria previously grown in sponge (solid culture) and a variation of the solid medium (a biphasic culture), in which the bacteria were first grown in liquid and, then, soaked into the sponges, with the purpose of providing a more homogeneous bacterial culture before nematode inoculation. Experiments were conducted in Erlenmeyer flasks. Eight treatments were established involving combinations of three variables: two media (with and without 0.2% agar), two flask sizes (250 and 150 ml) and two agitation speeds (180 and 280 rpm). The study showed increases in nematode yield for liquid cultures, but not for solid or biphasic cultures, with the advance of the inoculum age up to 28 days of growth. Furthermore, the addition of 0.2% agar to the liquid medium and increasing the aeration rate by using larger flasks with higher agitation speed may increase nematode recovery and final yield. The experiments were conducted using shake flasks but the results may also be applicable for bioreactors.
Exploring DSM-5 ADHD criteria beyond young adulthood: phenomenology, psychometric properties and prevalence in a large three-decade birth cohort
Authors: Vitola E. S. , Bau C. H. D. , Salum G. A. , Horta B. L. , Quevedo L. , Barros F. C. , Pinheiro R. T. , Kieling C. , Rohde L. A. , Grevet E. H.
Published: November 2016

Background

There are still uncertainties on the psychometric validity of the DSM-5 attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) criteria for its use in the adult population. We aim to describe the adult ADHD phenotype, to test the psychometric properties of the DSM-5 ADHD criteria, and to calculate the resulting prevalence in a population-based sample in their thirties.

Method

A cross-sectional evaluation using the DSM-5 ADHD criteria was carried out in 3574 individuals from the 1982 Pelotas Birth Cohort. Through receiver operator curve, latent and regression analyses, we obtained parameters on construct and discriminant validity. Still, prevalence rates were calculated for different sets of criteria.

Results

The latent analysis suggested that the adult ADHD phenotype is constituted mainly by inattentive symptoms. Also, inattention symptoms were the symptoms most associated with impairment. The best cut-off for diagnosis was four symptoms, but sensitivity and specificity for this cut-off was low. ADHD prevalence rates were 2.1% for DSM-5 ADHD criteria and 5.8% for ADHD disregarding age-of-onset criterion.

Conclusions

The bi-dimensional ADHD structure proposed by the DSM demonstrated both construct and discriminant validity problems when used in the adult population, since inattention is a much more relevant feature in the adult phenotype. The use of the DSM-5 criteria results in a higher prevalence of ADHD when compared to those obtained by DSM-IV, and prevalence would increase almost threefold when considering current ADHD syndrome. These findings suggest a need for further refinement of the criteria for its use in the adult population.
Aptitude and pedagogical conditions in the early development of a nonprimary language
Authors: LADO BEATRIZ
Published: November 2016

The article summarizes results from a study investigating the role of aptitude on initial learning of Latin morphosyntax. The study includes two different computerized conditions: with or without metalinguistic information, provided during input-based practice with right/wrong feedback. Four aptitude measures were included: linguistic analytic ability, rote memory, working memory, and phonological short-term memory. The results revealed that linguistic analytic ability gave learners an advantage under the metalinguistic information condition when processing sentences for meaning, although only working memory (and rote memory to a lesser extent) had a role in development of grammatical sensitivity to the form. In contrast, except rote memory in immediate aural interpretation, none of the aptitude measures predicted learning under the nonmetalinguistic information condition.
Military Corruption in China: The Role ofGuanxiin the Buying and Selling of Military Positions
Authors: Wang Peng
Published: November 2016

How doesguanxifacilitate corrupt transactions? Utilizing fieldwork data and published materials, this paper investigates howguanxipractices distort the formal military promotion system and facilitate the buying and selling of military positions in the People's Liberation Army (PLA). It identifies the three key functions ofguanxiin facilitating corrupt transactions: communication, exchange and neutralization.Guanxienables effective and safe communication among corrupt military officers, holds transaction partners to their word, and neutralizes their guilt about committing corrupt acts.
Developmental and social–ecological perspectives on children, political violence, and armed conflict
Authors: Cummings E. Mark , Merrilees Christine E. , Taylor Laura K. , Mondi Christina F.
Published: November 2016

An increasing number of researchers and policymakers have been moved to study and intervene in the lives of children affected by violent conflicts (Masten, 2014). According to a United Nations Children's Fund (2009) report, over 1 billion children under the age of 18 are growing up in regions where acts of political violence and armed conflict are, as Ladds and Cairns (1996, p. 15) put it, “a common occurrence—a fact of life.” In recent years, the United Nations Children's Fund, advocacy and human rights groups, journalists, and researchers have drawn public attention to the high rates of child casualties in these regions, and to the plights of those children still caught in the crossfire. It has thus become clear that both the challenges and the stakes are higher than ever to promote the safety and well-being of affected children around the world (Masten & Narayan, 2012; Tol, Jordans, Kohrt, Betancourt, & Komproe, 2012).
Emotional insecurity about the community: A dynamic, within-person mediator of child adjustment in contexts of political violence
Authors: Cummings E. Mark , Merrilees Christine , Taylor Laura K. , Goeke-Morey Marcie , Shirlow Peter
Published: November 2016

Over 1 billion children worldwide are exposed to political violence and armed conflict. The current conclusions are qualified by limited longitudinal research testing sophisticated process-oriented explanatory models for child adjustment outcomes. In this study, consistent with a developmental psychopathology perspective emphasizing the value of process-oriented longitudinal study of child adjustment in developmental and social–ecological contexts, we tested emotional insecurity about the community as a dynamic, within-person mediating process for relations between sectarian community violence and child adjustment. Specifically, this study explored children's emotional insecurity at a person-oriented level of analysis assessed over 5 consecutive years, with child gender examined as a moderator of indirect effects between sectarian community violence and child adjustment. In the context of a five-wave longitudinal research design, participants included 928 mother–child dyads in Belfast (453 boys, 475 girls) drawn from socially deprived, ethnically homogenous areas that had experienced political violence. Youth ranged in age from 10 to 20 years and were 13.24 (SD= 1.83) years old on average at the initial time point. Greater insecurity about the community measured over multiple time points mediated relations between sectarian community violence and youth's total adjustment problems. The pathway from sectarian community violence to emotional insecurity about the community was moderated by child gender, with relations to emotional insecurity about the community stronger for girls than for boys. The results suggest that ameliorating children's insecurity about community in contexts of political violence is an important goal toward improving adolescents' well-being and adjustment. These results are discussed in terms of their translational research implications, consistent with a developmental psychopathology model for the interface between basic and intervention research.
Children's exposure to violent political conflict stimulates aggression at peers by increasing emotional distress, aggressive script rehearsal, and normative beliefs favoring aggression
Authors: Huesmann L. Rowell , Dubow Eric F. , Boxer Paul , Landau Simha F. , Gvirsman Shira Dvir , Shikaki Khalil
Published: November 2016

We examine the hypothesis that children's exposure to ethnic–political conflict and violence over the course of a year stimulates their increased aggression toward their own in-group peers in subsequent years. In addition, we examine what social cognitive and emotional processes mediate these effects and how these effects are moderated by gender, age, and ethnic group. To accomplish these aims, we collected three waves of data from 901 Israeli and 600 Palestinian youths (three age cohorts: 8, 11, and 14 years old) and their parents at 1-year intervals. Exposure to ethnic–political violence was correlated with aggression at in-group peers among all age cohorts. Using a cross-lagged structural equation model from Year 1 to Year 3, we found that the relation between exposure and aggression is more plausibly due to exposure to ethnic–political violence stimulating later aggression at peers than vice versa, and this effect was not moderated significantly by gender, age cohort, or ethnic group. Using three-wave structural equation models, we then showed that this effect was significantly mediated by changes in normative beliefs about aggression, aggressive script rehearsal, and emotional distress produced by the exposure. Again the best fitting model did not allow for moderation by gender, age cohort, or ethnic group. The findings are consistent with recent theorizing that exposure to violence leads to changes both in emotional processes promoting aggression and in the acquisition through observational learning of social cognitions promoting aggression.
Promoting children's learning and development in conflict-affected countries: Testing change process in the Democratic Republic of the Congo
Authors: Aber J. Lawrence , Tubbs Carly , Torrente Catalina , Halpin Peter F. , Johnston Brian , Starkey Leighann , Shivshanker Anjuli , Annan Jeannie , Seidman Edward , Wolf Sharon
Published: November 2016

Improving children's learning and development in conflict-affected countries is critically important for breaking the intergenerational transmission of violence and poverty. Yet there is currently a stunning lack of rigorous evidence as towhetherandhowprograms to improve learning and development in conflict-affected countries actually work to bolster children's academic learning and socioemotional development. This study tests a theory of change derived from the fields of developmental psychopathology and social ecology about how a school-based universal socioemotional learning program, the International Rescue Committee's Learning to Read in a Healing Classroom (LRHC), impacts children's learning and development. The study was implemented in three conflict-affected provinces of the Democratic Republic of the Congo and employed a cluster-randomized waitlist control design to estimate impact. Using multilevel structural equation modeling techniques, we found support for the central pathways in the LRHC theory of change. Specifically, we found that LRHC differentially impacted dimensions of the quality of the school and classroom environment at the end of the first year of the intervention, and that in turn these dimensions of quality were differentially associated with child academic and socioemotional outcomes. Future implications and directions are discussed.
Building a translational science on children and youth affected by political violence and armed conflict: A commentary
Authors: Masten Ann S.
Published: November 2016

Articles in this timely Special Section represent an important milestone in the developmental science on children and youth involved in political violence and armed conflict. With millions of children worldwide affected by past and present wars and conflicts, there is an urgent and growing need for research to inform efforts to understand, prevent, and mitigate the possible harm of such violence to individual children, families, communities, and societies, for present as well as future generations. The four programs of research highlighted in this Special Section illustrate key advances and challenges in contemporary development research on young people growing up in the midst or aftermath of political violence. These studies are longitudinal, methodologically sophisticated, and grounded in socioecological systems models that align well with current models of risk and resilience in developmental psychopathology. These studies collectively mark a critically important shift to process-focused research that holds great promise for translational applications. Nonetheless, given the scope of the international crisis of children and youth affected by political violence and its sequelae, there is an urgent global need for greater mobilization of resources to support translational science and effective evidence-based action.
Conducting longitudinal, process-oriented research with conflict-affected youth: Solving the inevitable challenges
Authors: Dubow Eric F. , Aber J. Lawrence , Betancourt Theresa S. , Cummings E. Mark , Huesmann L. Rowell
Published: November 2016

The reader might get the impression that the four projects described in this Special Section proceeded in a systematic and predictable way. Of course, those of us engaged in each research project encountered pitfalls and challenges along the way. A main goal of this Special Section is to provide pathways and encouragement for those who may be interested in advancing high-quality research on this topic. In this paper, we describe a set of practical and ethical challenges that we encountered in conducting our longitudinal, process-oriented, and translational research with conflict-affected youth, and we illustrate how problems can be solved with the goal of maintaining the internal and external validity of the research designs. We are hopeful that by describing the challenges of our work, and how we overcame them, which are seldom treated in this or any other literature on research on child development in high-risk contexts, we can offer a realistic and encouraging picture of conducting methodologically sound research in conflict-affected contexts.
Wolff–Parkinson–White syndrome: a single exercise stress test might be misleading
Authors: Salavitabar Arash , Silver Eric S. , Liberman Leonardo
Published: November 2016

Risk stratification of patients with Wolff–Parkinson–White syndrome for sudden death is a complex process, particularly in understanding the utility of the repeat exercise stress test. We report a case of an 18-year-old patient who was found to have a high-risk pathway by both invasive and exercise stress testing after an initial exercise stress test showing beat-to-beat loss of pre-excitation.
Percutaneous closure of an aortopulmonary window using Amplatzer Duct Occluder II: Additional Sizes: the first reported case
Authors: Fiszer Roland , Zbroński Karol , Szkutnik Małgorzata
Published: November 2016

To date, there are no reported cases of the Amplatzer Duct Occluder II: Additional Sizes’ use in percutaneous closure of an aortopulmonary window. We report a case of percutaneous closure of an aortopulmonary window in a 4.5-month-old, 6 kg child. Owing to the patient’s low weight, high risk of damage to the pulmonary valve, as well as the possibility of aortic and pulmonary artery obstruction, classic implants were deemed unsuitable and a decision was made to use the Amplatzer Duct Occluder II: Additional Sizes. The implant performed very well – the soft waist filled the aortopulmonary connection and both retention discs were properly shaped and pressed against vessel walls. Echocardiogram performed 12 hours after the procedure confirmed a correct occluder position. Low-profile retention discs had no impact on pulmonary valve function, despite the defect’s proximity to the valve. No obstruction of the aortic or pulmonary artery lumen was noted. The Amplatzer Duct Occluder II: Additional Size implant is a safe and useful device for percutaneous closure of an aortopulmonary window in a carefully selected group of patients.
Dysphoric mania, mixed states, and mania with mixed features specifier: are we mixing things up?
Authors: McElroy Susan L. , Keck Paul E.
Published: November 2016

Various terms have been used to describe mania when it is accompanied by depressive symptoms. In this article, we attempt to define and discuss 3 of these terms: dysphoric mania, mixed state, and mania with mixed features specifier. We conclude that whatever term is used, it is important to be aware that mania is more often unpleasant than pleasant, and that the unpleasantness is not limited to depression.
Oxytocin Reduces Face Processing Time but Leaves Recognition Accuracy and Eye-Gaze Unaffected
Authors: Hubble Kelly , Daughters Katie , Manstead Antony S.R. , Rees Aled , Thapar Anita , van Goozen Stephanie H.M.
Published: November 2016

Objectives: Previous studies have found that oxytocin (OXT) can improve the recognition of emotional facial expressions; it has been proposed that this effect is mediated by an increase in attention to the eye-region of faces. Nevertheless, evidence in support of this claim is inconsistent, and few studies have directly tested the effect of oxytocin on emotion recognition via altered eye-gaze Methods: In a double-blind, within-subjects, randomized control experiment, 40 healthy male participants received 24 IU intranasal OXT and placebo in two identical experimental sessions separated by a 2-week interval. Visual attention to the eye-region was assessed on both occasions while participants completed a static facial emotion recognition task using medium intensity facial expressions. Results: Although OXT had no effect on emotion recognition accuracy, recognition performance was improved because face processing was faster across emotions under the influence of OXT. This effect was marginally significant (p<.06). Consistent with a previous study using dynamic stimuli, OXT had no effect on eye-gaze patterns when viewing static emotional faces and this was not related to recognition accuracy or face processing time. Conclusions: These findings suggest that OXT-induced enhanced facial emotion recognition is not necessarily mediated by an increase in attention to the eye-region of faces, as previously assumed. We discuss several methodological issues which may explain discrepant findings and suggest the effect of OXT on visual attention may differ depending on task requirements. (JINS, 2017, 23, 23–33)
Site-Specific Preparation of Intact Solid–Liquid Interfaces by Label-FreeIn SituLocalization and Cryo-Focused Ion Beam Lift-Out
Authors: Zachman Michael J. , Asenath-Smith Emily , Estroff Lara A. , Kourkoutis Lena F.
Published: November 2016

Scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM) allows atomic scale characterization of solid–solid interfaces, but has seen limited applications to solid–liquid interfaces due to the volatility of liquids in the microscope vacuum. Although cryo-electron microscopy is routinely used to characterize hydrated samples stabilized by rapid freezing, sample thinning is required to access the internal interfaces of thicker specimens. Here, we adapt cryo-focused ion beam (FIB) “lift-out,” a technique recently developed for biological specimens, to prepare intact internal solid–liquid interfaces for high-resolution structural and chemical analysis by cryo-STEM. To guide the milling process we introduce a label-freein situmethod of localizing subsurface structures in suitable materials by energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX). Monte Carlo simulations are performed to evaluate the depth-probing capability of the technique, and show good qualitative agreement with experiment. We also detail procedures to produce homogeneously thin lamellae, which enable nanoscale structural, elemental, and chemical analysis of intact solid–liquid interfaces by analytical cryo-STEM. This work demonstrates the potential of cryo-FIB lift-out and cryo-STEM for understanding physical and chemical processes at solid–liquid interfaces.
Ultrastructural Localization of Intracellular Calcium During Spermatogenesis of Sterlet (Acipenser ruthenus)
Authors: Golpour Amin , Pšenička Martin , Niksirat Hamid
Published: November 2016

Calcium regulates many intracellular events such as growth and differentiation during different stages of gamete development. The aim of this study was to localize and quantify the intracellular distribution of calcium during different developmental stages of spermatogenesis in sterlet,Acipenser ruthenus, using a combined oxalate–pyroantimonate technique. The distribution of calcium was described in spermatogonium, spermatocyte, spermatid, and spermatozoon stages. In the spermatogonium and spermatocyte, calcium deposits were mainly localized in the nucleus and cytoplasm. The spermatid had calcium in the nucleus, developing acrosomal vesicle, and cytoplasm. Intracellular calcium transformed from scattered deposits in spermatogonia and spermatocyte stages into an unbound form in spermatid and the spermatozoon. The proportion of area covered by calcium increased significantly (p<0.05) from early to late stages of spermatogenesis. The largest proportion of area covered by calcium was observed in the nucleus of the spermatozoon. In conclusion, although most of the intracellular calcium is deposited in limited areas of the spermatogonium and spermatocyte, it is present an unbound form in the larger area of spermatids and spermatozoa which probably reflects changes in its physiological function and homeostasis during the process of male gamete production in spermatogenesis.
Polyphenol-Rich Foods Alleviate Pain and Ameliorate Quality of Life in Fibromyalgic Women
Authors: Costa de Miranda Renata , Paiva Eduardo S. , Suter Correia Cadena Silvia Maria , Brandt Anna Paula , Vilela Regina Maria
Published: November 2016

Abstract. Objectives: The present study aimed to describe the antioxidant dietary intake of patients with fibromyalgia and explore the association of the results with glutathione status, pain, quality of life, and socioeconomic status. Methods: 38 fibromyalgic female patients and 35 female controls (mean age = 48.6 ± 8.1 and 47.6 ± 10.0 years, respectively) were evaluated. The number of tender points, pain threshold, quality of life, physical activity, socioeconomic status, nutritional status, intake of antioxidant micronutrients and foods with high total antioxidant capacity, and total salivary glutathione were evaluated. Results: The number of tender points, pain threshold, and quality of life were worse in the fibromyalgia group. The consumption of vegetable juices was more common among women with fibromyalgia and consumption of red wine and beer were more common among healthy women. The adjusted mean intakes of antioxidant vitamins as well as selenium were higher for the control group (p ≤ 0.01). There was no difference for salivary levels of glutathione between the groups and no correlation for intake of antioxidant micronutrients and pain or quality of life among fibromyalgic women. However, intake of foods rich in polyphenols was associated with lower numbers of tender points (coffee, r = – 0.346; pear, r = – 0.331) and better quality of life (red fruits, r = – 0.342; dark chocolate, r = – 0.404) in the fibromyalgic group. In these women, associations between glutathione levels and food intake, pain or quality of life were not found. Conclusion: This study indicated that antioxidant protection from bioactive compounds present in fruit and vegetables could have an adjuvant role in fibromyalgia treatment.
Critical limb ischaemia and the response to bone marrow-derived cell therapy according to tcPO2 measurement
Authors: Maufus Mario , Sevestre-Pietri Marie Antoinette , Sessa Carmine , Pignon Bernard , Egelhofer Harald , Dupas Stephane , Nguyen Philippe , Genty Celine , Pernod Gilles
Published: November 2016

Abstract. Background: Cell therapy is an emerging potential biotherapy for critical limb ischaemia (CLI) patients who are not eligible for revascularization. However, the findings on this technique’s efficacy are inconsistent. Trials investigating this topic focused on the more severe CLI patients who were often beyond any therapy. Therefore, identifying those who may truly benefit from cell transplantation is now warranted. To this end, we studied the prognostic value of tcPO2 for major amputation after 1 year in patients treated with bone marrow-derived cells. Patients and methods: CLI patients ineligible for revascularization were included in a cell-therapy pilot study. On inclusion, patients underwent tcPO2 measurement in supine and sitting positions. For a tcPO2 < 10 mmHg in the supine position, the vascular reserve was defined by tcPO2 > 30 mmHg in the sitting position. Patients were administered intramuscular injections of mononuclear cells derived from aspirated bone marrow. Results: In total, 25 patients (a lower limbs) were included for analysis. At inclusion, 11 lower limbs had tcPO2 at rest > 10 mmHg, and 16 lower limbs had a tcPO2 < 10 mmHg. The success probability for cell therapy was 0.79 (95 % CI 0.38–0.94) and 0.44 (95 % CI 0.18–0.67), respectively (p = 0.1). Of the 16 limbs with tcPO2 < 10 mmHg, the success rate was considerably higher in patients demonstrating a tcPO2 increase in a sitting position of over 30 mmHg (6/8, success probability 0.71, 95 % CI 0.26–0.92) compared to those without (2/8, success probability 0.15, 95 % CI 0.01–0.48, p = 0.03). Conclusions: For patients with chronic CLI for whom cellular therapy is a therapeutic option, a tcPO2 < 10 mmHg at rest, without vascular reserve (i. e. < 30 mmHg when sitting), is a prognostic indicator for poor outcome.
Risk Factors and Mediators of Suicidal Ideation Among Korean Adolescents
Authors: Kim Yi Jin , Moon Sung Seek , Lee Jang Hyun , Kim Joon Kyung
Published: November 2016

Abstract. Background: A significant number of Korean adolescents have suicidal ideations and it is more prevalent among adolescents than any other age group in Korea. Aims: This study was conducted to attain a better understanding of the contributing factors to suicidal ideation among Korean adolescents. Method: We recruited 569 high school students in Grades 10 and 11 in Pyeongtaek, Korea. The Beck Scale for Suicidal Ideation was used to measure suicidal ideation as the outcome variable. The Interpersonal Needs Questionnaire, the Beck Hopelessness Scale, the School Related Stress Scale, the Olweus Bully/Victim Questionnaire, and the Youth Risk Behavior Surveillance questions were used to measure thwarted belongingness and perceived burdensomeness, hopelessness, school-related stress, bullying, and previous suicidal behaviors, respectively. Data analyses included descriptive statistics and structural equation modeling. Results: The findings suggest that perceived burdensomeness, hopelessness, school-related stress, and previous suicidal behaviors have significant direct effects on suicidal ideation. Hopelessness fully mediated the relation between thwarted belongingness and suicidal ideation, and partially mediated between perceived burdensomeness, school-related stress, and suicidal ideation. Conclusion: These findings provide more specific directions for a multidimensional suicide prevention program in order to be successful in reducing suicide rates among Korean adolescents.