bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Synthesis of castor oil/PEG as textile softener
Authors: Fahmy H. M. , Amr A.
Published: March 2024

New castor oil/polyethylene glycol (CAO/PEG) hybrids were synthesized by reacting of CAO with PEG 300, 600, 1000, 2000 or 4000, in presence of ammonium per sulfate (APS) as an initiator. The optimum conditions to synthesis such hybrids are: PEG/CAO weight ratio, 35%; APS/PEG weight ratio, 15%; reaction temperature, 80 °C; and reaction time, 60 min. Only the hybrids based on PEG 1000 and 2000 formed oil in water stable emulsions. Treating cotton fabric samples with easy care finishing formulation containing 40 g/L of the synthesized hybrids emulsions results in an enhancement in softness, tensile strength, whiteness index, and stiffness along with a reduction in nitrogen content, wrinkle recovery angle, and wettability properties of treated fabric, compared to that sample finished in absence of that emulsions. The chemical structure of the synthesized CAO/PEG1000 hybrid was confirmed via the FTIR and 1HNMRanalysis whereas the TEM analysis showed that the particles size of that hybrid emulsion is in the range of 27–105 nm. Moreover, such hybrid emulsion treated fabric surface was characterized via SEM and EDX analysis. Furthermore, treating dyed samples with the nominated hybrid emulsion improves the color strength of that samples but keeps the washing fastness, wet rubbing fastness as well as alkaline perspiration fastness of the dyed/finished samples unchanged. The wet rubbing fastness and alkaline perspiration fastness of all the dyed/finished samples were enhanced while the light fastness of such samples decreased.
Dimensionality reduction for images of IoT using machine learning
Authors: Ali Ibrahim , Wassif Khaled , Bayomi Hanaa
Published: March 2024

Sensors, wearables, mobile devices, and other Internet of Things (IoT) devices are becoming increasingly integrated into all aspects of our lives. They are capable of gathering enormous amounts of data, such as image data, which can then be sent to the cloud for processing. However, this results in an increase in network traffic and latency. To overcome these difficulties, edge computing has been proposed as a paradigm for computing that brings processing closer to the location where data is produced. This paper explores the merging of cloud and edge computing for IoT and investigates approaches using machine learning for dimensionality reduction of images on the edge, employing the autoencoder deep learning-based approach and principal component analysis (PCA). The encoded data is then sent to the cloud server, where it is used directly for any machine learning task without significantly impacting the accuracy of the data processed in the cloud. The proposed approach has been evaluated on an object detection task using a set of 4000 images randomly chosen from three datasets: COCO, human detection, and HDA datasets. Results show that a 77% reduction in data did not have a significant impact on the object detection task’s accuracy.
Present-day thermal and water activity environment of the Mars Sample Return collection
Authors: Zorzano Maria-Paz , Martínez Germán , Polkko Jouni , Tamppari Leslie K. , Newman Claire , Savijärvi Hannu , Goreva Yulia , Viúdez-Moreiras Daniel , Bertrand Tanguy , Smith Michael , Hausrath Elisabeth M. , Siljeström Sandra , Benison Kathleen , Bosak Tanja , Czaja Andrew D. , Debaille Vinciane , Herd Christopher D. K. , Mayhew Lisa , Sephton Mark A. , Shuster David , Simon Justin I. , Weiss Benjamin , Randazzo Nicolas , Mandon Lucia , Brown Adrian , Hecht Michael H. , Martínez-Frías Jesús
Published: March 2024

The Mars Sample Return mission intends to retrieve a sealed collection of rocks, regolith, and atmosphere sampled from Jezero Crater, Mars, by the NASA Perseverance rover mission. For all life-related research, it is necessary to evaluate water availability in the samples and on Mars. Within the first Martian year, Perseverance has acquired an estimated total mass of 355 g of rocks and regolith, and 38 μmoles of Martian atmospheric gas. Using in-situ observations acquired by the Perseverance rover, we show that the present-day environmental conditions at Jezero allow for the hydration of sulfates, chlorides, and perchlorates and the occasional formation of frost as well as a diurnal atmospheric-surface water exchange of 0.5–10 g water per m2 (assuming a well-mixed atmosphere). At night, when the temperature drops below 190 K, the surface water activity can exceed 0.5, the lowest limit for cell reproduction. During the day, when the temperature is above the cell replication limit of 245 K, water activity is less than 0.02. The environmental conditions at the surface of Jezero Crater, where these samples were acquired, are incompatible with the cell replication limits currently known on Earth.
Prismatic adaptation coupled with cognitive training as novel treatment for developmental dyslexia: a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Conte Giulia , Quadrana Lauro , Zotti Lilian , Di Garbo Agnese , Oliveri Massimiliano
Published: March 2024

Despite intense and costly treatments, developmental dyslexia (DD) often persists into adulthood. Several brain skills unrelated to speech sound processing (i.e., phonology), including the spatial distribution of visual attention, are abnormal in DD and may represent possible treatment targets. This study explores the efficacy in DD of rightward prismatic adaptation (rPA), a visuomotor adaptation technique that enables visuo-attentive recalibration through shifts in the visual field induced by prismatic goggles. A digital intervention of rPA plus cognitive training was delivered weekly over 10 weeks to adolescents with DD (aged 13–17) assigned either to treatment (N = 35) or waitlist (N = 35) group. Efficacy was evaluated by repeated measures MANOVA assessing changes in working memory index (WMI), processing speed index (PSI), text reading speed, and words/pseudowords reading accuracy. rPA treatment was significantly more effective than waitlist (p ≤ 0.001; ηp2 = 0.815). WMI, PSI, and reading speed increased in the intervention group only (p ≤ 0.001, ηp2 = 0.67; p ≤ 0.001, ηp2 = 0.58; p ≤ 0.001, ηp2 = 0.29, respectively). Although modest change was detected for words and pseudowords accuracy in the waitlist group only (words: p ≤ 0.001, d = 0.17, pseudowords: p = 0.028; d = 0.27), between-group differences were non-significant. rPA-coupled cognitive training enhances cognitive and reading abilities in adolescents with DD. This innovative approach could have implications for early remedial treatment.
Lacidophilin tablets alleviate constipation through regulation of intestinal microflora by promoting the colonization of Akkermansia sps
Authors: Sun Denglong , Yu Jingting , Zhan Yang , Cheng Xiaoying , Zhang Jingwen , Li Yingmeng , Li Qiong , Xiong Yanxia , Liu Wenjun
Published: March 2024

Constipation is a major health problem worldwide that requires effective and safe treatment options. Increasing evidence indicates that disturbances in gut microbiota may be a risk factor for constipation. Administration of lacidophilin tablets shows promising therapeutic potential in the treatment of inflammatory bowel disease owing to their immunomodulatory properties and regulation of the gut microbiota. The focus of this study was on investigating the ability of lacidophilin tablets to relieve constipation by modulating the gut microbiome. Rats with loperamide hydrochloride induced constipation were treated with lacidophilin tablets via intragastric administration for ten days. The laxative effect of lacidophilin tablets was then evaluated by investigating the regulation of intestinal microflora and the possible underlying molecular mechanism. Our results reveal that treatment with lacidophilin tablets increased the intestinal advancement rate, fecal moisture content, and colonic AQP3 protein expression. It also improved colonic microflora structure in the colonic contents of model rats mainly by increasing Akkermansia muciniphila and decreasing Clostridium_sensu_stricto_1. Transcriptome analysis indicated that treatment with lacidophilin tablets maintains the immune response in the intestine and promotes recovery of the intestinal mechanical barrier in the constipation model. Our study shows that lacidophilin tablets improve constipation, possibly by promoting Akkermansia colonization and by modulating the intestinal immune response.
Homocysteine metabolites inhibit autophagy by upregulating miR-21-5p, miR-155-5p, miR-216-5p, and miR-320c-3p in human vascular endothelial cells
Authors: Witucki Łukasz , Jakubowski Hieronim
Published: March 2024

Nutritional and genetic deficiencies in homocysteine (Hcy) metabolism lead to hyperhomocysteinemia (HHcy) and cause endothelial dysfunction, a hallmark of atherosclerosis, which is a major cause of cardiovascular disease (CVD). Impaired autophagy causes the accumulation of damaged proteins and organelles and is associated with CVD. Biochemically, HHcy is characterized by elevated levels of Hcy and its metabolites, Hcy-thiolactone and N-Hcy-protein. However, whether these metabolites can dysregulate mTOR signaling and autophagy in endothelial cells is not known. Here, we examined the influence of Hcy-thiolactone, N-Hcy-protein, and Hcy on autophagy human umbilical vein endothelial cells. We found that treatments with Hcy-thiolactone, N-Hcy-protein, or Hcy significantly downregulated beclin 1 (BECN1), autophagy-related 5 (ATG5), autophagy-related 7 (ATG7), and microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3 (LC3) mRNA and protein levels. We also found that these changes were mediated by upregulation by Hcy-thiolactone, N-Hcy-protein, and Hcy of autophagy-targeting microRNA (miR): miR-21, miR-155, miR-216, and miR-320c. The effects of these metabolites on levels of miR targeting autophagy as well as on the levels of BECN1, ATG5, ATG7, and LC3 mRNA and protein were abrogated by treatments with inhibitors of miR-21, miR-155, miR-216, and mir320c. Taken together, our findings show that Hcy metabolites can upregulate miR-21, miR-155, miR-216, and mir320c, which then downregulate autophagy in human endothelial cells, important for vascular homeostasis.
A theoretical model for roller-shape design of three-roller continuous and synchronous calibration process of ovality and straightness for large thin-walled pipes
Authors: Huang Xueying , Gu JinPing
Published: March 2024

Large thin-walled pipes are particularly suitable for oil and gas transport and auxiliary pipes in cold areas or deep sea-beds. At present, the rounding and straightening processes are completed independently, and the theoretical model for roller-shape design is analyzed only in a single direction. To solve this problem, a theoretical model for roller-shape design of three-roller continuous and synchronous adjusting straightness and ovality process for large thin-walled pipes is established. The established model is verified by numerical simulation and experimental research using 304 stainless steel pipes. The results show that the three roller-shape design schemes, including three-section, four-section and five-section, proposed based on the theoretical model, can obtain qualified formed pipes. Based on the model, the residual ovality, residual straightness and maximum residual stress of the three roller-shape schemes are discussed. The residual straightness can reach within 0.2%, and the residual ovality can reach within 1%. It verifies the applicability of the model and the feasibility of the process. The model can provide a theoretical basis for presetting the process parameters and optimizing the roller-shape.
Green tea and hyaluronic acid gel enhance fibroblast activation and improves the gingival healing post-third molar extraction
Authors: Bonatto Mariana da Silva , Feltran Geórgia da Silva , Barbosa Thamires Prazeres , Pereira Davisson Alves , Santos Samara de Souza , Mendes Pedro Gomes Junqueira , e Pessoa Roberto Sales , Bezerra Fábio José Barbosa , Zambuzzi Willian Fernando , de Oliveira Guilherme José Pimentel Lopes
Published: March 2024

This study evaluates the effects of a green tea (Camellia sinensis) and hyaluronic acid gel on fibroblast activity and alveolar bone repair following third molar extractions. By examining the gene expression related to cell survival, proliferation, and angiogenesis, the study bridges in vitro findings with clinical outcomes in a split-mouth randomized trial. Human fibroblasts were exposed to the treatment gel, analysing gene expression through RT-qPCR. Twenty participants undergoing bilateral third molar extractions received the test gel on one side and a placebo on the other. Assessments included patient-reported outcomes, professional evaluations, and radiographic analyses at multiple postoperative intervals. The test gel significantly enhanced AKT, CDKs, and VEGF gene expressions, indicating a positive effect on angiogenesis and cell proliferation. Clinically, it resulted in reduced exudate, swelling, and secondary interventions, with radiographs showing improved alveolar bone density after 90 days. The green tea and hyaluronic acid gel significantly improves soft tissue and bone healing post-extraction, offering a promising adjunctive therapy for enhancing postoperative recovery. This gel represents a novel adjuvant treatment option for facilitating improved healing outcomes after third molar extractions, highlighting its potential utility in clinical dental practice.
PDGFRA K385 mutants in myxoid glioneuronal tumors promote receptor dimerization and oncogenic signaling
Authors: de Villenfagne Laurence , Sablon Ariane , Demoulin Jean-Baptiste
Published: March 2024

Myxoid glioneuronal tumors (MGNT) are low-grade glioneuronal neoplasms composed of oligodendrocyte-like cells in a mucin-rich stroma. These tumors feature a unique dinucleotide change at codon 385 in the platelet-derived growth factor receptor α (encoded by the PDGFRA gene), resulting in the substitution of lysine 385 into leucine or isoleucine. The functional consequences of these mutations remain largely unexplored. Here, we demonstrated their oncogenic potential in fibroblast and Ba/F3 transformation assays. We showed that the K385I and K385L mutants activate STAT and AKT signaling in the absence of ligand. Co-immunoprecipitations and BRET experiments suggested that the mutations stabilized the active dimeric conformation of the receptor, pointing to a new mechanism of oncogenic PDGF receptor activation. Furthermore, we evaluated the sensitivity of these mutants to three FDA-approved tyrosine kinase inhibitors: imatinib, dasatinib, and avapritinib, which effectively suppressed the constitutive activity of the mutant receptors. Finally, K385 substitution into another hydrophobic amino acid also activated the receptor. Interestingly, K385M was reported in a few cases of brain tumors but not in MGNT. Our results provide valuable insights into the molecular mechanism underlying the activation of PDGFRα by the K385I/L mutations, highlighting their potential as actionable targets in the treatment of myxoid glioneuronal tumors.
Camptothecin enhances the anti-tumor effect of low-dose apatinib combined with PD-1 inhibitor on hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Wang Hankang , Gao Congcong , Li Xiaodong , Chen Feng , Li Guijie
Published: March 2024

Apatinib has been shown to apply to a variety of solid tumors, including advanced hepatocellular carcinoma. Preclinical and preliminary clinical results confirmed the synergistic antitumor effects of apatinib in combination with anti-programmed death-1 (PD-1) inhibitors. In this study, we investigated camptothecin (CPT) enhances the anti-tumor effect of low-dose apatinib combined with PD-1 inhibitor on hepatocellular carcinoma. CPT combined with a PD-1 inhibitor enhances the anti-tumor effects of low-dose apatinib in hepatocellular carcinoma which was evaluated in making use of the H22 mouse model (n = 32), which was divided into four groups. Immunohistochemical staining and western blotting were used to detect nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) as well as sequestosome 1 (p62), vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGFA), vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 (VEGFR2), PD-1, and programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD-L1). The results showed that the average size of the tumor of the combination group (Group D) was significantly less than that of the apatinib + PD-1 inhibitor group (Group C). The expression levels of Nrf2, p62, VEGFA, VEGFR2, PD-1, and PD-L1 in the apatinib + PD-1 inhibitor group(Group C) were lower than those in the control group (Group A) (P < 0.05). The expression levels of these genes in the apatinib + PD-1 inhibitor group (Group C) were significantly lower in the combination group (Group D) (P < 0.05). There was no obvious difference in body weight and liver and kidney functions between the four groups of mice. In conclusion, CPT improves the anti-tumor effect of low-dose apatinib combined with PD-1 inhibitor on hepatocellular carcinoma
Assessment of hypercholesterolemia prevalence and its demographic variations in the Republic of Kazakhstan
Authors: Kulimbet Mukhtar , Davletov Kairat , Saliev Timur , Davletov Dimash , Dzhumabekov Berik , Umbayev Bauyrzhan , Balabayeva Aigerim , Tanabayeva Shynar , Fakhradiyev Ildar
Published: March 2024

Hypercholesterolemia is a major risk factor for cardiovascular disease, the leading cause of death in Kazakhstan. Understanding its prevalence is vital for effective public health planning and interventions. This study aimed to assess the scale of hypercholesterolemia in the Republic of Kazakhstan and to identify differences among distinct population groups. A cross-sectional study involving 6720 participants (a nationally representative survey.) aged 18–69 was conducted from October 2021 to May 2022 across all 17 regions of Kazakhstan. The magnitude of hypercholesterolemia was 43.5%. Cholesterol levels were determined through blood biochemical analysis. Age, sex, geographic location, and ethnicity served as covariates. The majority of participants (65.49%) were from urban areas with an almost equal gender distribution (50.07% male and 49.93% female). The predominant age groups were 18–29 years (25.71%) and 30–39 years (25.12%), and 65.09% identified as Kazakh. The prevalence increased with age, with the 60–69 age group showing the highest rate at 71.14%. Women had slightly higher rates than men. Geographical differences were evident, with regions like Astana city and Almaty region showing significant disparities. Kazakhs had a lower rate compared to other ethnicities. Age, region, and BMI were significant predictors for hypercholesterolemia in both binary and multivariate logistic regression analyses. The study revealed a significant prevalence of hypercholesterolemia in Kazakhstan, with increasing age as a major determinant. Women, especially those over 50, and certain regions showed higher cholesterol levels. The disparities observed across regions and ethnicities suggest the need for targeted public health interventions to address this pressing health concern.
The C-type lectin DCIR contributes to the immune response and pathogenesis of colorectal cancer
Authors: Trimaglio Giulia , Sneperger Tamara , Raymond Benjamin B. A. , Gilles Nelly , Näser Emmanuelle , Locard-Paulet Marie , Ijsselsteijn Marieke E. , Brouwer Thomas P. , Ecalard Romain , Roelands Jessica , Matsumoto Naoki , Colom André , Habch Myriam , de Miranda Noel F. C. C. , Vergnolle Nathalie , Devaud Christel , Neyrolles Olivier , Rombouts Yoann
Published: March 2024

Development and progression of malignancies are accompanied and influenced by alterations in the surrounding immune microenvironment. Understanding the cellular and molecular interactions between immune cells and cancer cells has not only provided important fundamental insights into the disease, but has also led to the development of new immunotherapies. The C-type lectin Dendritic Cell ImmunoReceptor (DCIR) is primarily expressed by myeloid cells and is an important regulator of immune homeostasis, as demonstrated in various autoimmune, infectious and inflammatory contexts. Yet, the impact of DCIR on cancer development remains largely unknown. Analysis of available transcriptomic data of colorectal cancer (CRC) patients revealed that high DCIR gene expression is associated with improved patients’ survival, immunologically "hot" tumors and high immunologic constant of rejection, thus arguing for a protective and immunoregulatory role of DCIR in CRC. In line with these correlative data, we found that deficiency of DCIR1, the murine homologue of human DCIR, leads to the development of significantly larger tumors in an orthotopic murine model of CRC. This phenotype is accompanied by an altered phenotype of tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) and a reduction in the percentage of activated effector CD4+ and CD8+ T cells in CRC tumors of DCIR1-deficient mice. Overall, our results show that DCIR promotes antitumor immunity in CRC, making it an attractive target for the future development of immunotherapies to fight the second deadliest cancer in the world.
Electrochemical properties of MnSe inclusions and improving the pitting corrosion resistance of stainless steel via Se microalloying
Authors: Nishimoto Masashi , Katsuyama Tomoki , Muto Izumi
Published: March 2024

Controlling the electrochemical properties of non-metallic inclusions is of substantial interest in the design of corrosion-resistant alloys. To the best of our knowledge, the dissolution and pitting corrosion behavior of selenide inclusions in stainless steels and the improvement of the pitting corrosion resistance of type 304 stainless steels via Se microalloying have not been investigated. In this study, stainless steel specimens containing artificial MnS and MnSe inclusions were fabricated via spark plasma sintering to systematically investigate their electrochemical properties. The superior pitting corrosion resistance and dissolution resistance of MnSe to those of MnS were demonstrated. The results obtained from the sintered specimens were applied to improve the pitting corrosion resistance of type 304 stainless steels via Se microalloying. Adding a trace amount of Se (0.005 mass%) altered the readily soluble sulfide inclusions to dissolution-resistant selenide-type inclusions, resulting in improved pitting corrosion resistance of type 304 stainless steel.
Analysis of endoscopic and pathological features of 6961 cases of gastric cancer
Authors: Lu Junhui , Wang Qing , Zhang Hezhao , Liu Jingwei , Ren Jinnan , Fan Jing , Gong Jingwen , Sui Yue , Chen Xing
Published: March 2024

Gastric cancer (GC) stage and tissue differentiation affect treatment efficacy and prognosis, highlighting the importance of understanding the risk factors that affect these parameters. Therefore, this study analyzed risk factors affecting the GC stage and differentiation and the relationships between the cancer site and the sex and age of the patient. We collected clinical data from 6961 patients with GC, including sex, age, endoscopic lesion location, and pathological differentiation. Patients were grouped based on GC stage (early or advanced), differentiation (well or poorly differentiated), and lesion site (upper stomach [cardia and fundus], middle stomach [gastric body], and lower stomach [gastric antrum]). Differences in sex, age, location, stage, and degree of differentiation were assessed based on these groupings. Univariate analysis revealed that the disease location and differentiation significantly differed based on the GC stage (P < 0.05), whereas sex, age, site, and stage significantly differed based on GC differentiation (P < 0.05). A multivariate analysis confirmed these factors as independent risk factors affecting GC. Moreover, lesion sites significantly differed between sexes (P < 0.05) and among age groups (P < 0.05). Although the effects of family history, lifestyle, and Helicobacter pylori infection status of the patients were not considered, this single-center retrospective study established independent risk factors for GC.

Trial registration ChiCTR2200061989.
Research on collaborative edge network service migration strategy based on crowd clustering
Authors: Cao Junjie , Yu Zhiyong , Xue Bin
Published: March 2024

The innovative application of Crowd Intelligent Devices (CIDS) in edge networks has garnered attention due to the rapid development of artificial intelligence and computer technology. This application offers users more reliable and low-latency computing services through computation offloading technology. However, the dynamic nature of network terminals and the limited coverage of edge servers pose challenges, such as data loss and service interruption. Furthermore, the high-speed mobility of intelligent terminals in the dynamic edge network environment further complicates the design of computation offloading and service migration strategies. To address these challenges, this paper explores the computation offloading model of cluster intelligence collaboration in a heterogeneous network environment. This model involves multiple intelligences collaborating to provide computation offloading services for terminals. To accommodate various roles, a switching strategy of split-cluster group collaboration is introduced, assigning the cluster head, the alternate cluster head, and the ordinary user are assigned to a group with different functions. Additionally, the paper formulates the optimal offloading strategy for group smart terminals as a Markov decision process, taking into account factors such as user mobility, service delay, service accuracy, and migration cost. To implement this strategy, the paper utilizes the deep reinforcement learning-based CCSMS algorithm. Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed edge network service migration strategy, rooted in groupwise cluster collaboration, effectively mitigates interruption delay and enhances service migration efficiency.
Nature-based Solutions can help restore degraded grasslands and increase carbon sequestration in the Tibetan Plateau
Authors: Sun Jian , Wang Yingxin , Lee Tien Ming , Nie Xiaowei , Wang Tao , Liang Eryuan , Wang Yafeng , Zhang Lin , Wang Jun , Piao Shilong , Chen Fahu , Fu Bojie
Published: March 2024

The Tibetan grassland ecosystems possess significant carbon sink potential and have room for improved carbon sequestration processes. There is a need to uncover more ambitious and coherent solutions (e.g., Nature-based Solutions) to increase carbon sequestration. Here, we investigated the rationale and urgency behind the implementation of Nature-based Solutions on sequestering carbon using literature review and meta-analysis. We also project the changes in terrestrial carbon sink of Tibetan Plateau grassland ecosystems using model simulations with different future emissions scenario. The results show that the Nature-based Solution projects are expected to increase the carbon sink of Tibetan Plateau grassland ecosystems by 15 to 21 tetragrams of carbon by 2060. We defined a conceptual framework of Nature-based Solutions that integrates initiatives for the restoration of degraded grasslands and carbon sequestration. Our framework consists of four stages: theory, identification, practice, and goal. Traditional Tibetan knowledge plays an important role in reframing the proposed Nature-based Solutions framework. We also apply this framework to optimize ecological restoration techniques and projects and to evaluate the annual changes in the carbon sink under different socioeconomic pathway scenarios.
Microbial conversion of carbon dioxide into premium medium-chain fatty acids: the progress, challenges, and prospects
Authors: Wu Kai-Kai , Xu Pian-Pian , Zhao Lei , Ren Nan-Qi , Zhang Yi-Feng
Published: March 2024

The conversion of carbon dioxide to medium-chain fatty acids (CO2-to-MCFAs) through microbial processes represents a valuable technology for sequestering and exploiting CO2, generating superior bio-chemicals from the primary contributor to the greenhouse effect. However, a comprehensive overview and generalization of microbial CO2-to-MCFAs are presently deficient. Based on this, the present review systematically summarizes the research progress, explicates the process mechanisms, analyses the key challenges and possible solutions, and anticipates forthcoming research perspectives and priorities for the first time. We proposed two original strategies, namely the synchronous strategy and integrated strategy, from current research into microbial CO2-to-MCFAs. The synchronous strategy concurrently achieves hydrogen (H2) and CO2 assimilation, as well as MCFAs production, by employing a reactor that co-cultivates predominant H2/CO2-utilizing microorganisms and chain elongation microorganisms. The integrated approaches involve CO2-to-precursors (i.e., acetate and ethanol) and subsequent precursors-to-MCFAs, achieved through the use of two bioreactors for separately cultivating H2/CO2-utilizing microorganisms and chain elongation microorganisms. Mechanistic insights reveal that microbial CO2-to-MCFAs predominantly encompasses two processes: H2 and CO2 assimilation into precursor and subsequent precursors chain elongation into MCFAs, through a Wood-Ljungdahl pathway and a two-round elongation, respectively. The analyses of key challenges and possible solutions for microbial CO2-to-MCFAs underscore the imperative to enhance efficiency and economy and to shed light on metabolic mechanisms. Furthermore, in order to improve the strategy application potential of microbial CO2-to-MCFAs, future research perspectives and priorities, e.g. exploitation of functional pure bacteria, screening of functional pure bacteria, multi-omics analysis, genetic modification and enhancement, enhancement of bioreactor stability, specific MCFA production, development of coupled purification technology for MCFAs, and economic benefits and ecological environmental risks, are proposed and prospected. This work is expected to offer a thorough understanding of the microbial CO2-to-MCFAs, guide and inspire researchers to address critical challenges in-depth and propel the development of CO2-to-MCFAs.
Tiger nut (Cyperus esculentus) starch: extraction, composition, structure, properties, modification and uses
Authors: Wu Yuchen , Mao Qihui , Zhao Guohua , Ye Fayin
Published: March 2024

An overview of the extraction, composition, structure, physiochemical properties, modifications and applications of tiger nut starch in food and non-food industries.
Development of rapid hypoxia-detectable artificial oxygen carriers with a core–shell structure and erythrocyte mimetic shape
Authors: Qiming Zhang , Inagaki Natsuko F. , Hirabayashi Yusuke , Kamihira Masamichi , Ito Taichi
Published: March 2024

Oxygen probe molecules such as platinum(ii) octaethylporphine (PtOEP) have been successfully immobilized in the polymer shell of erythrocyte-mimetic perfluorocarbon artificial oxygen carriers as oxygen sensors.
Inhibition of bacterial RNA polymerase function and protein–protein interactions: a promising approach for next-generation antibacterial therapeutics
Authors: Ye Jiqing , Kan Cheuk Hei , Yang Xiao , Ma Cong
Published: March 2024

The increasing prevalence of multidrug-resistant pathogens necessitates the urgent development of new antimicrobial agents with innovative modes of action for the next generation of antimicrobial therapy.
Recent progress in lactate oxidase-based drug delivery systems for enhanced cancer therapy
Authors: Li Lu , Yue Tian , Feng Jie , Zhang Yujun , Hou Jun , Wang Yi
Published: March 2024

Classification of LOX-based DDSs for tumour therapy.
TiO2 nanopowder and nanofilm catalysts in the disinfection and mineralization of S. aureus with solar-simulated radiation
Authors: Shqier Raed , Zyoud Ahed , Helal Muath H. S. , Nassar Heba , Alkowni Raed , Assali Mohyeddin , Zyoud Shaher , Qamhieh Naser , Hajamohideen Abdul Razack , Sawalha Shadi , Zyoud Samer H. , Hilal Hikmat S.
Published: March 2024

TiO2 films photo-catalyze S. aureus rupture and mineralization of resulting organic materials.
Selenium-doped mixed metal oxide nanoparticles decorated on g-C3N4 and MXene sheets as promising bifunctional oxygen electrocatalysts for rechargeable Zn–air batteries
Authors: Rastgoo-Deylami Mohadese , Esfandiar Ali , Tolstoy Valeri P.
Published: March 2024

The design of bifunctional electrocatalysts to conduct an appropriate oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) and oxygen evolution reaction (OER) for high-performance zinc–air batteries is one of the most important challenges for sustainable energy storage devices.
A biomimetic camouflaged metal organic framework for enhanced siRNA delivery in the tumor environment
Authors: Tao Tongxiang , Rehman Sajid ur , Xu Shuai , Zhang Jing , Xia Haining , Guo Zeyong , Li Zehua , Ma Kun , Wang Junfeng
Published: March 2024

An illustrative depiction highlighting the targeted drug delivery mechanism by bio-functionalized camouflaged MOF nanocarriers that enhances precision by targeting diseased cells and minimizing side effects.
Janus adhesive microneedle patch loaded with exosomes for intrauterine adhesion treatment
Authors: Wang Huihui , Chen Weijia , Liu Yuanhua , Zhu Yuanchao , Huang Yinan , Lu Zongxuan
Published: March 2024

A Janus adhesive microneedle patch firmly attaches to the uterus tissue, prevents postoperative intrauterine adhesions formation. By the release of exosomes, this patch successfully promotes endometrium re-endothelialization and re-vascularization.
Optical properties and molecular differences in dissolved organic matter at the Bermuda Atlantic and Hawai'i ALOHA time-series stations
Authors: Gonsior Michael , Lahm Madeline , Powers Leanne , Chen Feng , McCallister S. Leigh , Liang Dong , Guinan Grace , Schmitt-Kopplin Philippe
Published: March 2024

Fundamental differences in DOM composition at the Bermuda Atlantic time series (BATS) station versus the Hawai’i time series station ALOHA.
A lateral flow strip for on-site detection of homocysteine based on a truncated aptamer
Authors: Wu Yunqing , Huang Tianyu , Chen Xin , Wang Mingyuan , Wang Xiaoli , Zhang Yuting , Zhou Nandi
Published: March 2024

A lateral flow strip based on a truncated aptamer for on-site detection of homocysteine in human serum.
Entropy engineering enabled atomically dispersed Cu doping leading to an exceptionally high thermoelectric figure of merit in n-type lead chalcogenides
Authors: Yuan Ziling , Wu Mengyue , Han Shuai , Liu Pengfei , Ge Zhenhua , Ge Bangzhi , Zhu Menghua , Xu Yadong , Jie Wanqi , Zhao Dongyao , Yang Bingchao , Zhang Yongsheng , Liu Ming , Zhu Min , Li Chao , Yu Yuan , Zhou Chongjian
Published: March 2024

Entropy engineering fully dissolved extra Cu atoms into the interstitial lattice sites of lead chalcogenides, yielding high charge carrier mobility and ZT values in a wide temperature range.
A novel radical-reaction interruption strategy for enhancing the light stability of perovskite solar cells
Authors: Tuo Binyang , Wang Ziyu , Ren Ziqiu , Zhang Hanwen , Lu Xinqi , Zhang Yiqiang , Zang Shuangquan , Song Yanlin
Published: March 2024

A novel approach has been proposed in this study to enhance the light stability of perovskite solar cells by effectively suppressing photoinduced radical reactions in perovskite films using TEMPO as a radical scavenger.
Full Ce substitution on La in Tl2LaCl5: impact and performance
Authors: Moretti Federico , Perrodin Didier , Szornel Joanna , Bourret Edith D.
Published: March 2024

We investigate the effect of La full substitution with cerium ions on the luminescence and scintillation properties of a thallium-rich material.
Benzenesulfonamide decorated dihydropyrimidin(thi)ones: carbonic anhydrase profiling and antiproliferative activity
Authors: Aslan Hakan , Renzi Gioele , Angeli Andrea , D'Agostino Ilaria , Ronca Roberto , Massardi Maria Luisa , Tavani Camilla , Carradori Simone , Ferraroni Marta , Governa Paolo , Manetti Fabrizio , Carta Fabrizio , Supuran Claudiu T.
Published: March 2024

One-step synthesis and a chemical similarity-based screening provide new tumor-associated carbonic anhydrase (CA) inhibitors for anticancer application.
DNA-compatible functional group transformations via K2RuO4-mediated oxidation
Authors: He Pengyang , Zhao Guixian , Zhu Mengping , Li Yangfeng , Zhang Gong , Li Yizhou
Published: March 2024

K2RuO4-mediated oxidation offers a DNA-compatible method for functional group transformations, enabling alcohol-to-carboxylic acid and amine-to-nitrile conversions valuable for DNA-encoded library synthesis.
Photoredox catalyzed hydroazolylation of alkenes via phosphoranyl radicals
Authors: Zhu Fan , Qiao Zhi , He Na , Nong Chunxiao , He Qiping , Xi Meilan , Song Xizhong , Lin Jun , Chen Jingbo , Jin Yi
Published: March 2024

A general protocol for the hydroazolylation of alkenes with N-hydroxyl azoles is reported. These reactions proceed via a phosphoranyl radical, followed by radical coupling of the resulting azole radical to the alkene radical.
Dual mechanisms in hydrogen reduction of copper oxide: surface reaction and subsurface oxygen atom transfer
Authors: Wu Yehan , Fang Ruixue , Shen Laihong , Bai Hongcun
Published: March 2024

The surface reaction and subsurface oxygen transfer jointly affect the process of hydrogen reduction of copper oxide.
Selective hydrogenation of 5-hydroxymethylfurfural to 2,5-bis(hydroxymethyl)furan over Ni–Ga intermetallic catalysts and its kinetic studies
Authors: Sun Weixiao , Zhong Fuzeyu , Ge Xiaohu , Chen Wenyao , Qian Gang , Cao Yueqiang , Duan Xuezhi , Zhou Xinggui , Zhang Jing
Published: March 2024

5-Hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) has been listed as the “TOP 14” most important biomass-derived platform molecules, which can be converted into 2,5-bis(hydroxymethyl)furan (BHF) via selective hydrogenation of the carbonyl group on HMF.
Deciphering the chemical bonding of the trivalent oxygen atom in oxygen doped graphene
Authors: Ugartemendia Andoni , Casademont-Reig Irene , Zhao Lili , Zhang Zuxian , Frenking Gernot , Ugalde Jesus M. , Garcia-Lekue Aran , Jimenez-Izal Elisa
Published: March 2024

The recently observed tricoordinated oxygen embedded in graphene is theoretically explored. Using a variety of state-of-the-art methods the factors influencing the stabilization of trivalent oxygen are deciphered.
Recent advances in non-perfluorinated sulfonic acid proton exchange membranes in the energy field
Authors: Lv Song , Li Xianglin , Lu Mengying , Lu Tonghui , Lv Wenhao , Liu Wenzhuo , Dong Xuanchen , Liu Zhe , Yang Bowen
Published: March 2024

Introduce the latest progress of non-perfluorinated sulfonic acid proton exchange membranes from the aspects of crosslinking methods, properties and applications.
Rational design of type-I photosensitizer molecules for mitochondrion-targeted photodynamic therapy
Authors: Liang Jiaxin , Ran Xiaoyun , Liu Yanhong , Yu Xiaoqi , Chen Shanyong , Li Kun
Published: March 2024

Aryl functioned S-rhodamines were presented as mitochondrion-targeted photosensitizers with different photodynamic therapy activities.
A step forward in unraveling the lanthanide discrimination puzzle: structure–selectivity relationship based on phenanthroline diimide ligands towards europium and terbium detection in water
Authors: Kang Yu , Li Haoyu , Bao Mingjie , Zheng Yuan , Wang Ludi , Liu Dezhu , Li Jiahui , Wei Ziyi , Weng Chaoqun , Wang Guo , Tang Xiaoyan , Wang Li
Published: March 2024

Unveiling the lanthanides selectivity in aqueous media from the molecular structures bias was demonstrated which could potentially contribute to establish the structure-function relationship for intragroup lanthanides discrimination and extractions.
Language-Independent Acoustic Biomarkers for Quantifying Speech Impairment in Huntington's Disease
Authors: Fahed Vitória S. , Doheny Emer P. , Collazo Carla , Krzysztofik Joanna , Mann Elliot , Morgan-Jones Philippa , Mills Laura , Drew Cheney , Rosser Anne E. , Cousins Rebecca , Witkowski Grzegorz , Cubo Esther , Busse Monica , Lowery Madeleine M.
Published: March 2024

Purpose:

Changes in voice and speech are characteristic symptoms of Huntington's disease (HD). Objective methods for quantifying speech impairment that can be used across languages could facilitate assessment of disease progression and intervention strategies. The aim of this study was to analyze acoustic features to identify language-independent features that could be used to quantify speech dysfunction in English-, Spanish-, and Polish-speaking participants with HD.

Method:

Ninety participants with HD and 83 control participants performed sustained vowel, syllable repetition, and reading passage tasks recorded with previously validated methods using mobile devices. Language-independent features that differed between HD and controls were identified. Principal component analysis (PCA) and unsupervised clustering were applied to the language-independent features of the HD data set to identify subgroups within the HD data.

Results:

Forty-six language-independent acoustic features that were significantly different between control participants and participants with HD were identified. Following dimensionality reduction using PCA, four speech clusters were identified in the HD data set. Unified Huntington's Disease Rating Scale (UHDRS) total motor score, total functional capacity, and composite UHDRS were significantly different for pairwise comparisons of subgroups. The percentage of HD participants with higher dysarthria score and disease stage also increased across clusters.

Conclusion:

The results support the application of acoustic features to objectively quantify speech impairment and disease severity in HD in multilanguage studies.

Supplemental Material:

https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.25447171
A novel two‐stage method to detect non‐technical losses in smart grids
Authors: Badawi Sufian A. , Takruri Maen , Al‐Bashayreh Mahmood G. , Salameh Khouloud , Humam Jumana , Assaf Samar , Aziz Mohammad R. , Albadawi Ameera , Guessoum Djamel , ElBadawi Isam , Al‐Hattab Mohammad
Published: March 2024

Numerous strategies have been proposed for the detection and prevention of non‐technical electricity losses due to fraudulent activities. Among these, machine learning algorithms and data‐driven techniques have gained prominence over traditional methodologies due to their superior performance, leading to a trend of increasing adoption in recent years. A novel two‐step process is presented for detecting fraudulent Non‐technical losses (NTLs) in smart grids. The first step involves transforming the time‐series data with additional extracted features derived from the publicly available State Grid Corporation of China (SGCC) dataset. The features are extracted after identifying abrupt changes in electricity consumption patterns using the sum of finite differences, the Auto‐Regressive Integrated Moving Average model, and the Holt‐Winters model. Following this, five distinct classification models are used to train and evaluate a fraud detection model using the SGCC dataset. The evaluation results indicate that the most effective model among the five is the Gradient Boosting Machine. This two‐step approach enables the classification models to surpass previously reported high‐performing methods in terms of accuracy, F1‐score, and other relevant metrics for non‐technical loss detection.
Local privacy‐friendly verification of customer participation in frequency regulation services using smart meter data
Authors: Palacios‐Garcia Emilio J. , Vrabel Vladimir , Deconinck Geert
Published: March 2024

The delivery of flexibility from distributed assets guarantees the stable operation of the power system as increasing volumes of renewable energy are deployed. Nevertheless, verifying the adequate provision is challenging when considering behind‐the‐meter resources. A cost‐effective alternative to dedicated metring is using measurements from smart meters. However, flexibility activations must be discerned from the rest of the loads in the household. Furthermore, privacy issues arise since electricity consumption contains personal data. The authors tackle both issues by developing a data‐driven privacy‐friendly verification algorithm for participation in frequency containment reserves (FCRs). Our methodology evaluated three machine learning (ML) classification models, deployed locally, and fed with total consumption measurements and activation set points to verify users' participation. The amount of information that leaves the premises was reduced from low‐granularity power measurements to simple compliance indicators. The models were trained and evaluated using a real dataset of households, where FCR was delivered by behind‐the‐meter batteries, resulting in an accuracy close to 0.90. A proof‐of‐concept setup was employed to test the algorithms under real circumstances. Even with several background loads, an accuracy of up to 0.83 was observed, promising results considering the privacy‐friendly features, use of simple ML models, and embedded deployment.
Excavation of gene markers associated with pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma based on interrelationships of gene expression
Authors: Zhang Zhao‐Yue , Sun Zi‐Jie , Gao Dong , Hao Yu‐Duo , Lin Hao , Liu Fen
Published: March 2024

Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) accounts for 95% of all pancreatic cancer cases, posing grave challenges to its diagnosis and treatment. Timely diagnosis is pivotal for improving patient survival, necessitating the discovery of precise biomarkers. An innovative approach was introduced to identify gene markers for precision PDAC detection. The core idea of our method is to discover gene pairs that display consistent opposite relative expression and differential co‐expression patterns between PDAC and normal samples. Reversal gene pair analysis and differential partial correlation analysis were performed to determine reversal differential partial correlation (RDC) gene pairs. Using incremental feature selection, the authors refined the selected gene set and constructed a machine‐learning model for PDAC recognition. As a result, the approach identified 10 RDC gene pairs. And the model could achieve a remarkable accuracy of 96.1% during cross‐validation, surpassing gene expression‐based models. The experiment on independent validation data confirmed the model's performance. Enrichment analysis revealed the involvement of these genes in essential biological processes and shed light on their potential roles in PDAC pathogenesis. Overall, the findings highlight the potential of these 10 RDC gene pairs as effective diagnostic markers for early PDAC detection, bringing hope for improving patient prognosis and survival.
Application of Next-Generation Sequencing Technology in Southeast Asia: A Practical Framework for Advancing Wildlife Conservation
Authors: Othman Nursyuhada , Haris Hidayah , Najmuddin Mohd Faudzir , Sariyati Nur Hartini , Ramli Farah Farhana , Sufahani Suliadi Firdaus , Md-Zain Badrul Munir , Yaakop Salmah , Mohd-Ridwan Abd Rahman , Aifat Nor Rahman , Maryanto Ibnu , Abdul-Latiff Muhammad Abu Bakar
Published: March 2024

Next-generation sequencing (NGS) has transformed genomics, presenting significant potential for advancing wildlife conservation. NGS technology offers opportunities and challenges for addressing scientific questions in wildlife management. Unfortunately, there is a lack of comprehensive records on NGS implementation in Southeast Asia, particularly concerning wildlife conservation. To address this gap, we analyzed NGS studies focused on wildlife monitoring in Southeast Asia and introduced a practical framework for implementing NGS technologies in global wildlife conservation, especially in Southeast Asia. We systematically reviewed NGS studies in wildlife monitoring from the SCOPUS database. We identified 137 relevant publications from 11 countries, with Malaysia contributing 36% of the studies. The included studies were categorized into five themes: species identification, dietary assessment, health monitoring, taxonomic resolution, and whole-genome sequencing, with the majority focusing on 38 publications related to wildlife health. The framework developed in this study help the researchers and conservation practitioners with insights on NGS technology application in conservation while also addressing the benefits, limitations, and ethical considerations associated with NGS use. This review offers a brief overview of NGS usage and provides guidelines for embracing NGS as a valuable tool for effective wildlife conservation strategies in our rapidly changing world.