bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effect of Calcium Antagonists in Experimental Asthma
Authors: Weiss Earle B. , Markowicz Jeffrey , Barbero Linda
Published: May 2007

Verapamil was found to be an effective inhibitor of isometric tension in in vitro, experimental anaphylaxis in guinea pig trachealis smooth muscle. The mean IC50 for protection studies was 2×10−4 M; the drug was also effective as a bronchoreversal agent. The inhibitory effect of verapamil upon the initial rate of isometric muscle tension suggests an action beyond simple calcium channel inhibition. No inhibition of tracheal mast cell histamine release was observed. Verapamil was slightly more potent than theophylline in this in vitro anaphylactic model.
A Clinical and Immunological Study of Allergy to Hen's Egg White
Authors: Langeland Tor
Published: May 2007

Allergens in hen's egg white were studied in crossed radio‐immunoelectrophoresis (CRIE). Specific IgE‐antibodies against different proteins in the egg white were examined in sera from 70 atopic patients with clinical hypersensitivity, and RAST ≥2 to egg white. Ovalbumin, ovomucoid and an unidentified protein, antigen 22, were classified as major allergens. Specific IgE‐antibodies against 10 more proteins in hen's egg white were detected. IgE‐antibodies against lysozyme could not be detected.
Side Effects during Immunotherapy with Purified Grass Pollen Extracts
Authors: ØSterballe Ole
Published: May 2007

In a 3‐year prospective double blind study, grass pollen allergic patients were allocated to perennial hyposensitization with the timothy major allergens Nos. 19 and 25 (2‐component extract) or a 20‐component timothy extract. The extracts were biologically standardized and adsorbed to aluminium hydroxide for treatment.

Systemic side effects (SSE) had début after 1 1/2–5 h and lasted without treatment 1/2–10 h. Treatment with the 2‐component extract showed preponderance of minor SSE (arthralgia, rhinitis, tiredness, headache, conjunctivitis, nausea, flu‐like symptoms), but major SSE (urticaria, angioedetma, asthma) were equally distributed between treatment with the two timothy extracts.

Major SSE comiplicated the treatment before the first grass pollen season in 33% of the patients vs. only in 3% during the subsequent perentiial therapy, and developed (92%) at high single dose of ≥1,000 biological units. The majority (69%) were later able to reach the same or higher dose without relapse. Most (62%) patients with major SSE were predicted by high nasal sensitivity before treatment.

Only 18% of the patients had immediate local skin reactions of ≥2 cm, but delayed local side effects of ≥10 cm were recorded in 70%. Immediate skin reactions did not correlate with delayed skin reactions or with SSE, but delayed local side effects tended towards negative correlation with major SSE. A mean area reduction of 50% of the delayed skin reactions was recorded by repetition of a single dose.

Subcutaneous nodules appeared at single doses of ≥5,000 biological units. Only 5% of the patients contracted nodules during initial preseasonal therapy compared with 38% during subsequent perennial dosage. The nodules contained typical benign granulomas, and the frequency in the two groups was proporitonate to the quantity of aluminium in the two extracts.
The Allergy Pricker
Authors: Malling Hans‐Jørgen , Andersen Connie Engelund , Boas Maj‐Britt , Holgersen Frida , Munch Erik P. , Weeke Bent
Published: May 2007

Skin prick test has advantages over other diagnostic tests in allergy, and attempts to increase the reproducibility are warranted. A standardised disposable precision needle with a needle point of 1.0 mm has recently become available. Based on 960 tests with histamine and grass pollen (Phleum pratense) the reproducibility of the skin prick weal area was calculated. Using histamine 10 mg/ml and grass pollen (1000 and 5000 PNU) A significantly lower coeffcient of variation was found compared with a stadard blood lancet with a point of 4 mm. The mean weal reaction is reduced to about 80% of the size obtained with the blood lancet. Testing with the precision needle resulted in a significantly reduced incidence of bleedings. The precision needle simplifies the skin test and does not require as much skill as other needles, and is recommended for both routine tests and the biological standardization of allergen extracts.
Budesonide and Nasal Mucosal Histamine Content and Anti‐IgE Induced Histamine Release
Authors: Pipkorn Ulf , Andersson Per
Published: May 2007

The possible mode of action of the recently demonstrated steroid effect on the immediate type allergic reaction has been studied. The influence of a topical steroid, budesonide, on the nasal mucosal histamine content and anti‐lgE induced histamine release was studied in an open study. A 1‐week treatment with budesonide, used locally in the nose, was administered to 22 hay fever patients who were studied out of the pollen season. There was a decrease of histamine content after steroid treatment and also a blockade of the anti‐IgE mediated histamine release, as shown in an in vitro release procedure. This steroid effect may partly explain the effect of steroids on the immediate reaction, as it has been demonstrated in allergen challenge studies.
Relationship between Serum IgE Concentration and Occurrence of Immediate Skin Test Reactions and Allergic Disorders in Young People
Authors: Haahela Tari , Suoniemi Ilpo , Jaakonmäki Ilmari , Björksten Fred
Published: May 2007

We studied serum IgE concentration by the PRIST® method in 157 adolescents (71 boys) aged 15–17 years. This group was randomly drawn from a larger unselected population of 708 young people. The geometric mean IgE for the 157 subjects was 37.6 U/ml. After careful exclusion 77 subjects without any signs or symptoms of atopy were found. The mean IgE for them was 16.6U/ml. Nineteen per cent of the population had an IgE. concentration higher than 160 /ml and 30% had a value below 20 U/ml. Positive skin test reactions were strongly associated with increased IgE level, byt the effect of bronchial wheezing was insignificant. We conclude that IgE concentrations above 160 U/ml during adolescence suggest atopy and correlate with positive skin test reactivity and /or clinical symptoms. An IgE value below 20U/ml almost certainly excludes the possibility of positive skin reactions and somewhat less certainly the possibility that symptoms are due to atopy.
Acceptance of Fenoterol Powder for Inhalation in Children with Bronchial Asthma
Authors: Graff‐Lonnevig Viggo
Published: May 2007

Eighteen children with perennial bronchial asthma, aged 10.3 years, were studied with respect to their attitude to inhalation of fenoterol, a β2‐agonist, in power form. Treatment with fenoterol powder was performed for 3 months and questionnaires were answered after 1 and 3 months.

Almost all children showed a positive attitude towards handling capsules and inhaler. Inhalling powder was well acccepted and the effeect of the powder on asthma symptoms was regarded as good. Although the positive attitude to continue with powder inhalations declined somewhat at the end of the observation period this type of therapy seemed to be well accepted by children.
Occurrence of Storage Mites in Finnish Farming Environments
Authors: Terho E. O. , Leskinens L. , Husman K. , Kärenlampi L.
Published: May 2007

Qualitative and semi‐quantitative microscopic analyses were performed on the mite populations in dust samples collected from the byres and hay and grain storages of 11 farms in Eastern Finland. Storage mites were found in all farms. The mite fauna was more abundant in the byres and hay storages than in the grain storages. The most common species or genera were Acarus siro, Acarus farris, Glycyphagus domesticus, Lepidoglyphus destructor, Cheyletus eruditus, Tydeus spp., and Tarsonemus spp. The results imply that also in northern climates storage mites should be considered as possible causes of allergic disorders among farming populations.
Investigation of the Involvement of Echium plantagineum (Paterson's Curse) in Seasonal Allergy
Authors: Katelaris C. , Baldo B. A. , Howden M. E. H. , Matthews P. A. , Walls R. S.
Published: May 2007

The possible allergenicity of an insect pollinated weed, Echium plantagineum, was investigated in a rural area of Australia. Sixty‐one subjects with respiratory allergy were studied. Positive skin test reactions to defatted ammonium bicarbonate extract of pollen were found in over 60% of subjects, and positive RAST tests in a similar number. The question of cross‐reactivity between weed pollens is discussed. The pollen of E. plantagineum was shown to reach the atmosphere in significant amounts about 1 month before the peak grass pollinating period. Evidence that the pollen of E. plantagineum becomes airborne and elicits an IgE response suggests that further attention should be directed to weed pollens as potential allergens.
Defective Serotonin (5‐HT) Transport Mechanism in Platelets from Patients with Endogenous and Allergic Asthma
Authors: Malmgren R. , Grubbströum J. , Olsson P. , Theorell H. , Tornling G. , Unge G.
Published: May 2007

The kinetics of the 5‐HT‐uptake by platelets in platelet‐rich plasma (PRP) and PRP diluted with autologous platelet‐poor plasma (PRP/PPP) were determined in normal subjects, patients with asymptomatic exogenous asthma and those with symptomatic endogenous asthma.

In normal subjects the 5‐HT‐uptake by platelets strictly obeyed Michaelis‐Menten's kinetics. In patients with asymptomatic exogenous asthma, the active 5‐HT‐transport was moderately distorted in PRP and severely altered in PRP/PPP. Patients with symptomatic endogenous asthma exhibited already in PRP a dramatic transport disturbance.

The alteration of the active 5‐HT‐transport was characterized by increasing uptake inhibition by rising 5‐HT concentrations in plasma. This phenomenon could be due to changes in the platelet environment, defects in the platelet membrane or intrinsic platelet disorders. It is concluded that asthmatics have a genetically or later acquired platelet disorder, which is more clearly observed in patients with symptomatic endogenous asthma than in those with asymptomatic exogenous asthma.
Effect of Azelastine Hydrochloride on Macrophage Chemotaxis and Phagocytosis in Vitro
Authors: Honda Mitsuo , Miura Kazunori , Tanigawa Tomio
Published: May 2007

Azelastine, a newly synthesized anti‐allergic agent, was tested for its effects on guinea pig macrophage chemotaxis and phagocytosis. As specific macrophage chemo‐attractants, we used macrophage chemotactic factors a and c; separated and highly purified from inflamed skin sites.

Macrophage chemotaxis induced by skin extract or chemotactic factors was significantly suppressed by a low concentration of the agent (1 μg/ml); the effect was dose‐dependent. The inhibition of chemotaxis was reversible, because chemotactic activity was restored when the agents was removed by washing cells before chemotactic assay. Inactivation of chemotactic factors was not detected by mixing azelastine and factors a and c. Azelastine may directly interact with macrophages to decrease their chemotactic responsiveness.

β‐Glucuronidase activity in the medium and macrophages after phagocytosis of polystyrene latex particles was not affected by this agent at concentrations ranging from 1 to 10 μg/ml. The phagocytosis of latex particles or sheep red blood cells opsonized with IgG antibodies (EA) and anchoring of macrophages to substrate were not inhibited and azelastine did not damage the macrophages as determined by lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release assay.
Generation of Heat‐Labile Chemotactic Activity in Blood after Inhalation Challenge and its Relationship to Neutrophil and Monocyte/Macrophage Turnover and Activity
Authors: Venge Per , Dahl Ronald , Håkansson Lena , Pettersson Christer
Published: May 2007

The chemotactic activity of serum has been monitored in eight patients with bronchial asthma after inhalation of an allergen. Lactoferrin and lysozyme were measured in serum simultaneously as markers of neutrophil and monocyte/macrophage activity and turnover. The heat‐labile chemotactic activity of serum showed a two‐phase response with an initial reduction in activity (median = 37.5 min after challenge) (P < 0.05) followed by an increased activity (median = 60 min after challenge) (P < 0.01). The consistency of this pattern was highly significant (P < 0.0005). Heat‐stable chemotactic activity was significantly increased (P < 0.01) 15 min after challenge.

The initial reduction in heat‐labile chemotactic activity was observed only in those patients who developed a late asthmatic response and could suggest the involvement of immune complex‐mediated reactions since a similar reduction in heat‐labile chemotactic activity is produced by in vitro activation of serum with aggregated IgG.

The increased heat‐labile chemotactic activity showed a close relationship (P < 0.01) to the extent of the immediate reduction in PEF‐rate. No relationship was discernible between the chemotactic activity and the eventually occurring rise in PMN blood count. In contrast the activity and turnover of PMNs after challenge as reflected by serum‐lactoferrin levels were significantly reduced (P < 0.01). A close correlation (P < 0.001) was found between the heat‐labile chemotactic activity in serum and the serum‐levels of lysozyme, suggesting the involvement of macrophages/monocytes in the asthmatic reaction and in the generation of the heat‐labile chemotactic activity found in serum after inhalation challenge.
Calcium, the Control of Smooth Muscle Function and Bronchial Hyperreactivity
Authors: Triggle D. J.
Published: May 2007

The Ca2+requirements for excitation‐contraction coupling in smooth muscle may be satisfied from both intracellular and extracellular sources, the relative extent of use of which is both tissue‐ and stimulant‐dependent. Extracellular Ca2+is apparently mobilized through two separate pathways, receptor operated (ROC) and potential dependent (PDC) Ca2+channels. The latter process is sensitive to the Ca2+‐channel antagonists, a heterogeneous group of compounds including verapamil, nifedipine and diltiazem. Ca2+mobilization in respiratory smooth muscle is reviewed. The available evidence for this multiple stimulant‐sensitive system indicates that both intra‐ and extracellular sources of Ca2+are used. Data from bovine, canine and guinea pig tracheal muscle indicate, from studies of Ca2+‐dependence of response and Ca2+channel antagonist sensitivity, that the extent of use of extracellular Ca2+lies in the order K+histamine 5‐hydroxytryptamine > acetyl‐choline. The bronchodilator activity of the Ca2+channel antagonists is noted. Bronchial hyperreactivity is characterized by an increased sensitivity to a variety of stimulants including cold air, exercise, histamine and acetylcholine. The possible origins of this defect are noted. It is suggested that a defect in Ca2+mobilization or in the receptor ‐ Ca2+mobilization coupling process at the level of the smooth muscle may constitute an important underlying cause of bronchial hyperreactivity. Potential analogies to reactivity changes seen in hypertensive vascular smooth muscle are noted.
Comparison of the Protective Effect of Ketotifen and Disodium Cromoglycate on Exercise‐Induced Asthma in Asthmatic Boys
Authors: Lilja Gunnar , Graff‐Lonnevig Viggo , Bevegåd Sture
Published: May 2007

Fourteen hoys with a mean age of 12.2 years were studied with respect to the protective effect of ketotifen on exercise‐induced asthma (EIA) in comparison with disodium cromoglycate (DSCG). All had a positive history of EIA and a post‐exercise fall in FEV1 of more than 20%. A double blind cross‐over technique was used with a 1 week wash‐out period between the two treatment alternatives. Both drugs gave some, but not significant protection for EIA and no differences between the two active substances tested were found. Great individual differences in the response to the two drugs were noted.
Potentiation by Acetylsalicylic Acid of Skin Weal Response to Compound 48/80 in ASA‐Sensitive Asthmatics
Authors: Szmidr Miroslaw , Kowalski Marek L. , Grzelewska‐Rzymowska Iwona , Rozniecki Jerzy
Published: May 2007

The influence of acetylsalicylic acid (ASA) on skin response to intradermal injection of compound 48/80 and histamine was studied in order to determine whether ASA elicits any abnormalities also in the skin of asthmatics reacting with bronchoconstriction to ingestion of this drug.

The applied ASA dose (mean dose 150 mg) elicited bronchoconstriction in all 16 patients with asthma and ASA sensitivity (mean fall of FEV1 34%) and increased the weal response to compound 48/80 to about 51% (P>0.05) as compared with the response before the ASA‐challenge, In asthmatic persons without ASA sensitivity a 150 mg ASA dose did not influence the skin response to any of the reagents. On the other hand, a 600 mg dose decreased skin response to histamine and compound 48/80 in persons without ASA intolerance, although the decrease was statistically significant only in the flare after compound 48/80 (P>0.05).

The authors believe that additional local defect is needed to reveal sensitivity to ASA in the skill of ASA‐sensitive asthmatics, just as bronchial hyperreactivity is indispensible for revealing the action of ASA in the bronchi.
Discrepancy between Haemagglutination and Radioimmunological Techniques for Measurement of Serum Thyroglobulin Autoantibodies
Authors: Feldt‐Rasmussen Ulla , Perrild H. , Bech K. , Bliddal H. , Date J. , Madsen M. Høier , Nordfang O. , Ryder L. P. , Thomsen M. , Kappelgaard E. , Nielsen H.
Published: May 2007

Recently, it has been suggested that in some patients with autoimmune thyroid diseases the tanned red cell (TRC) method for detection of thyroglobulin autoantibodies (TgAb) is negative where TgAb measured by radioimmunoassay (RIA) show positive values. To investigate this further, patients with thyroid diseases, pernicious anaemia and a control group were studied for serum concentrations of TgAb by TRC and by quantitative RIA, calibrated against MRC Standard A65/93. Antibodies for microsomes (MAb) were measured immunofluoretically. There was in all patient groups (Hashimoto's thyroiditis (n= 41), Graves’ disease (n=50), idiopathic myxoedema (n= 12), euthyroid Graves’ disease (n= 7), pernicious anaemia (n= 81)) a discrepancy between TgAb measured by TRC and RIA, respectively, whereas there was a reasonable correlation between the presence of TgAb by RIA and the presence of MAb. A possible interference from antinuclear antibodies and rheumatoid factors was ruled out. There was no increased frequency of TgAb measured by RIA in the control group. Fractionation of TRC negative sera revealed macromolecular TRC‐activity, whereas TgAb positive sera by both methods had almost exclusively RIA and TRC activity corresponding to IgC. Based on these results and others it seems that the TRC method for measurement of serum TgAb is of limited diagnostic value. Furthermore, the TRC method is in many cases not sensitive enough for screening for TgAb prior to measurement of serum Tg, which is of importance as this method shows false values in the presence of TgAb due to methodological interference.
Enprofylline ‐ Effects of a New Bronchodilating Xanthine Derivative in Asthmatic Patients
Authors: Laurseni L. C. , Johannesson N. , Dirkseni A. , Djurup R. , Munch E. P. , Taudorf E. , Weeke B.
Published: May 2007

The bronchodilating effect of two doses of peroral enproffylline was compared with Placebo in 24 asthmatic patients, Enprofylline produced significantly greater bronchodilatation than placebo, A dose of 2 mg/kg b.wt. and 4 mg/kg b.wt. caused a mean maximal increase in FEV1 of 26% and 35%, respectively. The degree and the incidence of headache and nausea were estimated by means of a scoring system. Dose‐related effects on both parameters observed. Other side effects were negligible. In seven patients the means plasma half‐life of enprofylline was found to be 113 min. It is suggested that enprofylline should be studied further in Patients suffering from obstructive lung disease.
House‐Dust Mites and Absolute Indoor Humidity
Authors: Korsgaard Jens
Published: May 2007

The concentration of house‐dust mites (Dermatophagoides spp.) was investigated for four seasons in three locations in each of 50 Danish apartments. Simultaneously the absolute humidity was recorded and the previously known correlation between mite counts and indoor humidity was confirmed. It appeared, however, that apartments which had a low absolute indoor humidity in the winter period (due to low household load of water vapour) did not contain noticeable concentrations of house‐dust mites in the summer and autumn despite the fact that the indoor absolute humidity in these apartments could be high enough to allow for a high peak‐population of mites. Because of this it is suggested that in a temperate climate avoidance measures against house‐dust mites should be supplemented at least by a drying out period in the winter, when this process is convenient to perform because of the low outdoor absolute humidity.
Buckwheat Allergy: Health Food, an Inhalation Health Risk
Authors: Göhte Carl‐Johan , Wieslander Gunilla , Ancker Klas , Forsbeck Matgit
Published: May 2007

Thirteen out of 28 persons (14 men and 14 women) employed in a company which imports, prepares and distributes plant products used in spices and as ingredients in so‐called health food, had developed work‐related symptoms in the form of rhinitis, conjunctivitis, asthma, itch or urticaria. The symptoms occurred in connection with specific work operations, especially in the grinding and packaging of buckwheat. Seven out of 25 examined persons (28%) had at least one positive allergy test (prick test or RAST) against buckwheat. Furthermore, one person had positive RAST against extract form cas5tor‐oil bean. The correlation between positive allergy tests and work‐related symptoms is significant. Fourteen persons were also patch tested. All were negative except one person who had a positive patch test against nickel. The nickel allergy was diagnosed before this study was done and had no relation to the work. The levels of airborne dust in the breathing zones of the workers when they performed dust‐forming work were around and below 5 mg/m3. When buckwheat flour was packaged, the airborne dust levels were about 1–2 mg/m3. Thus, exposure to comparatively low levels of buckwheat dust may induce a definite risk of rapidly ensuing allergy. It is also obvious that persons without atopic stigmata, such as an earlier history of allergy or the occurrence of allergic diseases in relatives, risk becoming allergic. A conclusion is that health food could be a danger, when it is inhaled.
Oral Disodium Cromoglycate Treatment of A topic Dermatitis
Authors: Lindskov Rune , Knudsen Lone
Published: May 2007

Fourteen adults and 10 children with active atopic dermatitis entered this double blind cross‐over study of oral disodium cromoglycate (DSCG) (adults 200 mg qid, children 100 mg qid) compared with placebo. Oral DSCG and placebo were given for 6 weeks in random order. According to the investigators' assessments of eczema, significant differences between active and placebo were found after 6 weeks' treatment. DSCG being favoured (P < 0.05). No differences were detected in the investigators' assessment of lichenization and overall disease. No significant. Results form food allergic patients were similar to those from non‐food allergic patients. Two patients reported possible side effects of arthralgia and urticaria respectively. There were no treatment effects on serum IgE values or any other laboratory data.
Allergy to Apple, Carrot and Potato in Children with Birch Pollen Allergy
Authors: Dreborg Sten , Foucard Tony
Published: May 2007

Skin sensitivity to apple, carrot and potato, clinically related to birch pollinosis was investigated. Different skin test techniques using fresh fruit were compared. A simple prick test (SPI) technique with a lancet piercing the apple peel just before pricking the skin was shown to be the most practical and to give reproducible results. The allergenic activity in apple was found to be heat labile and deteriorated during storage at room temperature, Apple, carrot, potato, hazelnut and birch reactivity was transferable in Prausnitz‐Küstner test like IgE antibodies. SPT reactivity to fresh material from apple, carrot and potato was investigated in 174 children of whom 128 suffered from pollen allergy. Positive SPT results were obtained almost exclusively in children who were SPT positive to a birch pollen extract. Children who noticed clinical symptoms when eating apple, raw carrot or potato were found to have a significantly larger SPT reaction than children with a negative history.
An Automated Particle Counting Immunoassay (PACIA) for Determination of Blocking Antibodies against Timothy Grass Pollen in Sera from Desensitized Allergies
Authors: Djurup R. , Magnusson C. G. M. , Minuva U. , Søndergaard I. , øSterballe O. , Weeke B.
Published: May 2007

AN automated particle counting immunoassay (PACIA) for measurement of blocking antibodies (antigen neutralizing capacity) against timothy grass pollen extract in sera from desensitized allergies is described.

Latex particles coated with E(ab')2‐anti‐timothy are agglutinated by timothy. Serum containing anti‐timothy antibodies inhibits the agglutination. Non‐agglutinated particles are counted in a modified Auto Counter. Nineteen of 20 sera from timothy allergies who had undergone immunotherapy with purified timothy extract for 30 weeks, showed significant agglutination‐inhibition. None of 42 normal human sera gave significant inhibition. The inhibiting antibody could be removed by absorption with protein A and was thus of non‐ IgE nature, i.e. blocking antibody. The results obtained correlated statistically significantly with those found with a double‐antibody method (rS= 0.62, n= 20, t= 3.35, P < 0.01) and with the cumulated dosage of timothy allergen extract administered to the individual patient (rS= 0.56, n= 20, t= 2.87, P <0.02). Between‐assay coefficient of variation was from 6.4% to 18.3%. The capacity is 40 samples per hour. The method has also been applied to measurement of blocking antibodies to boney bee and wasp venom.
Nasal Inhalation as a Cause of Inefficient Pulmonal Aerosol Inhalation Technique in Children
Authors: Pedersen Søren , ØTergaard Poul Aabel
Published: May 2007

In order to evaluate whether children can be taught the efficient use of a pressurized terbutaline aerosol with a tube spacer 71 children were given careful instruction in aerosol inhalation technique according to the manufacturer's instructions. Inhalation technique, was assessed as being efficient when a child achieved an increase of more than 19% in FEV1 10 min after taking two puffs of terbutaline (each puff = 0.25 mg). After instruction about 37% of children aged 5–7 years and about 80% of children over 7 year were efficient in inhalation technique. Inhalation through the nose after actuation into the mouth accounted for about 50% of treatment failures, with the problem being more frequent in the younger age group. When this error was corrected about 83% of the children were efficient in the technique. Coordination problems and too rapid inspiration after actuation were also common errors. The findings stress the importance of checking all children's inhalation technique before prescribing inhalation therapy. Careful instruction was not enough. The possibility of nasal inhaling should be borne in mind when looking for causes of treatment failure.
Astemizole in the Treatment of Hay Fever
Authors: Malmberg H. , Holopainen E. , Grahne B. , Binder E. , Savolainen S. , Sundberg S.
Published: May 2007

A double‐blind parallel trial of astemizole, pheniramine and placebo was carried out in 15 patients with hay fever. Astemizole is a new potent H1‐antihistamine with long duration of action but devoid of central activity. Evaluation criteria were daily symptom‐ and side effect score cards, daily nasal peak flow measurements, clinical examination and blood tests. Control of nasal symptoms was significantly better with both antihistamines than with placebo. Tiredness and anticholinergic side effects were less common in the astemizole group than in the pheniramine group. No significant changes in the “safety evaluation” blood tests were observed.
Inhibitory Effect of Calcium Antagonists on Histamine Release from Human Leukocytes
Authors: Jensen Carsten , Skov Per Stahl , Norn Svend
Published: May 2007

A study was made of the influence of calcium antagonists on human basophil histamine release induced in vitro by specific antigen, anti‐IgE or the calcium ionophore A23187. Both verapamil, nifedipine, and nimodipine were found to inhibit the release, and a similar effect was also observed after peroral administration of verapamil and nifedipine. The inhibitory effect of the drugs on histamine release seems to depend on interaction with calcium at different sites. The anti‐allergic effect might explain the improvement found with calcium antagonists in exercise‐induced asthma.
The Non‐Specific Enhancement of Allergy
Authors: Dahlbäck Magnus , Bergstrand Håkan , Pauwels Romain , Bazin Herve
Published: May 2007

SD rats were sensitized by an i.p. injection of 1 μg or 10 μg ovalbumin (OA) together with 10 mg Silica gel. At the indicated time alter sensitization, allergic response capacity of the animals was estimated by measuring changes in intratracheal pressure induced by an i.v. injection of 0.3 mg OA (low challenge dose) or 5 mg OA (high challenge dose). Animals given 1 μg OA in Silica gel showed no response capacity at 14, 35 or 47–48 days after sensitization. Animals injected with 10 μg OA showed a clear‐cut response with a peak at 14 days; at 7 weeks after immunization the response capacity had faded almost completely. Specific OA‐IgE antibody and total IgE serum levels were examined by radioimmunoassay, A slight increase in OA‐IgE antibody was recorded in animals in injected 14 days before test with 10 μg ovalbumin and Silica gel; animals given 1 μg OA and Silica showed no OA‐IgE antibody.

Five weeks after sensitization, some animals of each group were injected i.p. with 100 mg alum, B. pertussis vaccine (2 ml of Perthydral®), or saline, all injections being made without any further antigen addition. 12–13 days after such an injection, alum‐treated animals showed high response capacity at bronchial anaphylatic tests and high OA‐IgE antibody levels but comparably low levels of total IgE. Animals injected with B. pertussis, on the other hand, showed high response capacity at bronchial anaphylactic tests and OA‐IgE antibody levels) but high total IgE‐antibody levels. The bronchial anaphylactic response in the B. Pertussis‐injected animals but not the alum‐injected animals was significantly correlated to serum IgG2a antibody levels.

These results show that injection of alum or B. pertussis vaccine without antigen can precipitate/enhance anaphylactic response capacity and production of specific and nonspecific IgE and IgG2a.
Effect of a Topical Glucocorticoid, Budesonide, on Nasal Mucosal Blood Flow as Measured with 133 Xe Wash‐Out Technique
Authors: Bende Mats , Lindqvist Nils , Pipkorn Ulf
Published: May 2007

The “vasoconstrictor” effect of dermally applicated steroids is a widely used parameter when determining the potency of glucocorticoids. A similar effect on the nasal mucosa has been suggested as providing an explanation for the clinical effect of topically administered glucocorticoids in the treatment of nasal disorders such as allergic and vasomotor rhinitis. The recently described 133 Xe wash‐out method was used for the purpose of blood flow determination in 11 healthy subjects. In a randomized double blind cross over study, the effect of topically administered budesonide, a non halogenated glucocorticoid, for 1 week was compared with that of placebo. No diference was found to occur in the mucosal blood flow after the administration of budesonide, as compared with placebo. It seems likely that a more complex activity than vasoconstriction is responsible for the clinical effect in the treatment of nasal disorders, and further research is required in order to clarify this issue.
Venom Immunotherapy in Hymenoptera Sting Allergy
Authors: Thurnheer U. , Müller U. , Stoller R. , Lanner A. , Hoigne R.
Published: May 2007

42 patients with confirmed hypersensitivity to honey bee (HBV) and/or yellow jacket (YJV) were treated with the respective venoms (7 with HBV, 5 with YjV and 30 with both venoms). Treatment tolerance, skin tests (ST), specific IgE‐ and specific IgG‐antibodies were monitored before, after 3, 6, 12, 24 and 36 months. 21 patients had ash and 21 a conventional treatment schedule. Maintenance dose was 100 μg. Adverse effects occurred as large local (8 patients), slight systemic (12 patients) and moderate to severe systemic reactions (4 patients). Of 24 re‐exposed patients 17 had no reaction at all, six a markedly decreased and one an unchanged reaction. After 3 years of treatment ST became negative in nine of 31 patients on HBV and in seven of 26 patients on YJV. RAST became negative in three of 30 patients on HBV and 17 of 29 patients on YJV treatment. Both ST and RAST became negative in five HBV‐ and 10 YJV‐treated patients. Loss of venom hypersensitivity according to diagnostic tests may correspond to actual desensitization and enable discontinuation of immunotherapy.
Bronchodilation of Terbutaline in Small Doses from a 750 ml Spacer
Authors: Munch Erik P. , Hidinger K.‐G. , Weeke Bent
Published: May 2007

The influence on lung function of small cumulative doses (31+31 + 63 + 125 + 250 μg) of terbutaline inhalations from a pressurized aerosol with a 750 ml spacer was evaluated in 12 stable asthmatics. The trial was douhle‐blind and cross‐over, using the double‐dummy method. Lung functions was recorded 5, 30, and 60 min after each inhalation. No significant differences in FEV1, FVC and FMI25–75% were found between the two devices. A very marked response, which was not a placebo effect, was noted after the subjects had inhaled the first 31 μg dose. The results suggest that the number of inhalations is more important for the response in lung function than the dose administered. The addition of a 750 ml spacer to the pressurized aerosol is not likely to be beneficial for adults who an able to handle an ordinary aerosol properly.
A Clinical and Immunological Study of Allergy to Hen's Egg White
Authors: Langeland Tor
Published: May 2007

Different subgroups of egg‐allergic patients were established according to differences in allergic symptoms provoked by hen's egg white, total IgE‐level, RAST (radioallergosorbent test) results to egg white, and age. In each group the pattern of specific IgE‐antibodies to individual allergens in the egg white, determined by means of crossed radioimmuno‐electrophoresis (CRIE), was compared with the pattern in a control group. The RAST value to egg white was found to exert the strongest influence on the CRIE results. A few statistically singificant differences in CRIE results to cetain allergens were also observed in other pairs of subgroups of egg‐allergic patients. Possible explanations for this are discussed. It was concluded that CRIE studies of allergens in mixed protein solutions, using a series of sera from allergic patients, will most probably give the same results and the same classification of the allergens independent of the characteristica of the patients from which the sera were collected. However, it should be emphasized that the CRIE series must include a sufficient number of patients with high RAST values to the allergen in question. Otherwise some allergens may be missed and the classification of the allergens may be different.
A Comparative Study of Dexchlorpheniramine Maleate Sustained Release Tablets and Budesonide Nasal Spray in Seasonal Allergic Rhinitis
Authors: Munch E. P. , Søborg M. , Nørreslet T. T. , Mygind N.
Published: May 2007

It was the aim of the study to compare the efficacy and side effects of oral antihistamine and nasal glucocorticoid therapy in seasonal allergic rhinitis. In a double‐blind, double‐dummy, group‐comparative study, 61 adult grass pollen allergic patients were either treated with dexchlorpheniramine maleate sustained release tablets (6 mg b.d.). or with budesonide nasal spray (200 μg b.d.). After a 1‐week run‐in period, treatment was given for 3 weeks in the grass pollen season. Patients treated with budesonide showed significantly less nasal blockage than those who received dexchlorpheniramine (P<0.05), but there was no difference in the number of sneezes and nose blowings. Patients treated with budesonide used a larger quantity of antihistamine‐vasoconstrictor eye drops (P<0.01). Drowsiness occured in the group that was treated with dexchlorpheniramine, but mainly during the first week of treatment. The side effects caused by the budesonide spray were few and insignificant. The patients' overall assessment of the treatment favoured the glucocorticoid spray (P=0.06).
A New Disease: a Nasal Form of Pigeon Breeder's Disease
Authors: PELIKAN Z. , PELIKAN‐FILIPEK M.
Published: May 2007

In 47 allergic rhinitis patients regularly exposed to pigeons, nasal provocation tests with pigeon dropping extracts, in combination with other parameters, were performed. Twenty‐five of the 47 patients developed a late nasal response (LNR) to pigeon droppings (53%), six of them an isolated response and 19 a dual response (immediate + late). The precipitating antibodies to pigeon droppings were positive in 20 (80%) and to pigeon serum in nine LNR patients (36%). Late skin responses to pigeon droppings occurred in 15 (60%) and to pigeon serum in seven LNR patients (28%). In 13 patients (52%) general malaise, in seven (28%) increased blood eosinophilia, in nine (36%) increased body temperature and in 11 (44%) haemorrhages in the nasal mucosa were observed during the LNR. The results of this study provide evidence for the existence of a new disease, a nasal form of pigeon breeder's disease.
Circulating Immune Complexes and Rheumatoid Factors in Patients with Farmer's Lung
Authors: TERHO E. O. , LINDSTRÖM P. , MÄNTYJÄRVI R. , TUKIAINEN H. , WAGER O.
Published: May 2007

Circulating IgG immune complexes (CICs), IgM rheumatoid factors (RFs), complement level (C3 and C4), and IgG antibodies to Aspergillus fumigatus, Aspergillus umbrosus, Thermo‐actinomyces vulgaris, and Micropolyspora faeni were analysed in the sera of 14 patients with farmer's lung (FL), 10 in the acute and four in the subacute phase of the disease. Ten spouses of FL patients served as exposed healthy controls. C3 and C4 were measured fluoronephelometrically. C3 levels were above the normal range and C4 levels near the upper limit of the normal range in both patients and controls; no statistically significant difference between patients and controls were observed. CICs were determined by enzyme immunoassays (EIA) of conglutinin‐binding (KgB) and Clq‐binding (ClqB). CIC levels above the normal range were detected in 12 (KgB‐EIA) and nine (ClqB‐EIA) of the patients and three (KgB‐EIA) and six (ClqB‐EIA) of the controls. No statistically significant differences were found in the mean levels between patients and controls. In contrast, RF levels in the acute phase of FL were significantly higher in the patients (P < 0.01) than in the controls. CICs correlated positively with most microbial IgG antibodies, but negatively with RFs. RFs also correlated negatively with microbial IgG antibodies, as well as with both C3 and C4. In FL, the increased RF level may, in the absence of increased CIC and decreased complement levels, represent an immune response (IgM anti‐IgG autoantibodies) induced by local mechanisms of IgG immune complexes in the lungs.
Comparison of a New Lancet and a Hypodermic Needle for Skin Prick Testing
Authors: DIRKSEN ASGER , MOSBECH HOLGER , SØBORG MOGENS , BIERING INGELISE
Published: May 2007

Skin prick tests with a standard allergen panel were carried out in duplicate (one on each arm) on all patients referred to an allergy out‐patient clinic. A new lancet with 1‐mm point length and a disposable hypodermic needle were used. Patients were randomized to lancet‐needle, lancet‐lancet, or needle‐needle, and the skin prick tests were done by experienced or inexperienced nurses. The mean of the biggest and smallest diameters was used as a measure of the size of the wheal. Skin reactions from a total of 142 patients were included. For both lancet and needle a significant difference was noted when comparing experienced versus inexperienced investigators' reproducibility expressed as coefficient of variation. There was no significant difference in reproducibility when comparing lancet and needle results, and no significant difference in wheal size when comparing with histamine references. Surprisingly, the reactions on left arms were generally larger than those on right arms.
Anaphylactic Shock due to Ingestion of Psyllium Laxative
Authors: SUHONEN RAIMO , KANTOLA ILKKA , BJÖRKSTEN FRED
Published: May 2007

Psyllium, seed of Plantago ovata, is a major constituent of several bulk laxatives. There are several reports on its role as an occupational respiratory allergen. We describe a severe anaphylactic reaction caused by ingestion of psyllium laxative. The hypersensitivity to Plantago ovata was confirmed by skin testing and RAST. The possibility of hypersensitivity reaction to psyllium laxatives should be recognized and included in marketing information.
Total and Specific IgE in Serum, Bronchial Lavage and Bronchoalveolar Lavage of Asthmatic Patients
Authors: CRIMI E. , SCORDAMAGLIA A. , CRIMI P. , ZUPO S. , BAROCCI S.
Published: May 2007

Total and specific IgE were assessed in serum, bronchial lavage (BL) and broncho‐alveolar lavage (BAL) of allergic asthmatics and healthy controls. Serum total IgE were found to be correlated with total IgE in BAL but not in BL. Total IgE/K+ ratio in serum and BL was higher in asthmatics than in controls, while the total IgE/albumin ratio was significantly higher in asthmatics than in controls in serum but not in BL and BAL. The mean of specific IgE in serum and BL was significantly higher in the group of patients with positive specific bronchial provocation test (sBPT) than in the group with negative sBPT. Similar results were observed between specific IgE serum level and BL and prick tests (PT). which show that BL does not always reflect the total IgE level of serum; in asthmatics, albumin can not be used to determine the degree of dilution in the recovered fluids; as in the serum, there is agreement between specific IgE in BL and PT or sBPT results.
Orally Administered Grass Pollen
Authors: TAUDORF EBBE , WEEKE BENT
Published: May 2007

In 1900 it was claimed that oral administration of ragweed could be used for the hyposensitization of hay fever patients. Several uncontrolled trials have been published, all showing an effect of oral hyposensitization. Only one study was controlled and showed no effect of oral hyposensitization. It was decided to undertake controlled clinical trials to determine the safety and effectiveness of orally administered enteric‐coated grass pollen tablets in patients with hay fever. The actual grass pollen dose in the first trial was 30 times the dose that is normally recommended for preseasonal oral pollen hyosensitization using pollen aqueous solution or pollen powder. The safety study will be described here. Twelve young adults with a history of grass pollen hay fever positive skin prick test and positive nasal provocation test with extracts of timothy grass pollen were randomly allocated to one of the treatment groups with four patients in each group taking enteric‐coated Conjuvac Timothy tablets or enteric‐coated Whole Timothy pollen tablets or enteric‐coated placebo tablets. The study was double blind. Preseasonally, the patients received 342,500 PNU and in total they received 4,500,000 PNU during 6 months. The patients receiving active treatment did not have any side effects. No significant changes were shown in the skin and nasal reactivity to grass pollen during the study. Neither were there any changes in timothy‐specific IgE, IgG, total IgE nor histamine liberation from basophils.
Intranasal Verapamil in Allergen‐Induced Rhinitis
Authors: SECHER GLAUS , BROFELDT SUSANNE , MYGIND NIELS
Published: May 2007

Twenty‐six pollen‐allergic subjects participated in a double‐blind, placebo‐controlled trial of the protective effect of the calcium antagonist, verapamil, on allergen‐provoked nasal symptoms. Intranasal verapamil, 1 mg, had a weak protective effect in that “tickling score” was 22% lower (P < 0.01) and the number of sneezes 29% lower (nonsignificant) after verapamil as compared with placebo pretreatment. There were no differences with regard to nasal blockage or discharge. It is concluded tha the verapamil spray used, cannot be recommended for clinical trials, but that further investigations of other formulations of calcium antagonists are justified in order to analyse the potential role of this type of drugs in the treatment of allergic rhinitis.
Comparison of a Sustained‐Release Preparation (Theo‐Dur®) with a Conventional Preparation (Nuelin®) in the Treatment of Chronic Asthma
Authors: HAAHTELA TARI , VILKKA VESA , KULSTAD SØREN
Published: May 2007

In a double‐blind, cross‐over trial comprising 19 adult asthmatic patients a sustained‐release preparation of theophylline (Theo‐Dur®), given twice daily, was compared with a conventional fast‐release preparation (Nuelin®), given three times daily. The theophylline doses were individually titrated to give plasma concentrations in the lower region of the therapeutic interval. The sustained‐release preparation gave higher morning theophylline concentrations than the fast‐release preparation (9.2 vs 5.9 mg/1). This resulted in somewhat higher morning peak flow values during Theo‐Dur treatment. However, the difference in asthma symptoms was not significant and the patients showed no preference for either preparation. We conclude that the advantage of a sustained‐release preparation over a conventional fast‐release theophylline preparation is the lower dosing frequency rather than the better clinical effect in patients who suffer from chronic asthma, but whose disease is in a relatively stable phase.
A Reference Allergen Preparation of the House Dust Mite D. pteronyssinus, Produced from Whole Mite Culture — A Part of the DAS 76* Study
Authors: Lind Peter , Weeke Bent , Løwenstein Henning
Published: May 2007

A D. pteronyssinus, whole culture allergen preparation contained 49 antigens as revealed by crossed immunoelectrophoresis (CIE), using polyspecific rabbit antibodies. Crossed radio‐immunoelectrophoresis (CRIE) with sera from 30 patients revealed nine allergens, antigens 42, X, Y and 23 (in rank order) showing the most frequent and intense IgE‐uptake. Nine antigens originated from the culture medium (human dander + yeast), but none of these gave rise to specific IgE‐uptake. Extremely few and weak reactions were observed in radioallergosorbent (RAST) with 129 sera, using media extracts on the discs. Purified mite body extract (PMB) contained less ag 42 and more ag Y and ag 23 than whole mite culture extract (WMC), whereas an acetone‐extracted mile excreta preparation (AML) contained 5 times more ag 42, but was devoid of ag Y and ag 23. Ag X was present in all preparations. The RAST‐inhibitory potency of PMB was best correlated with the content of ag X. Preparations with properties similar to WMC and PMB were judged as suitable for clinical application.