bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
New Dinosaur Ichnological, Sedimentological, and Geochemical Data from a Cretaceous High-Latitude Terrestrial Greenhouse Ecosystem, Nanushuk Formation, North Slope, Alaska
Authors: Fiorillo Anthony R. , McCarthy Paul J. , Shimer Grant , Suarez Marina B. , Takasaki Ryuji , Chinzorig Tsogtbaatar , Kobayashi Yoshitsugu , O’Sullivan Paul , Orphys Eric
Published: January 2024

The Nanushuk Formation (Albian–Cenomanian) crops out over much of the central and western North Slope of Alaska, varying from ≈1500 to ≈250 m thick from west to northeast. The Nanushuk Formation records an inter-tonguing succession of marine and nonmarine conglomerate, sandstone, mudstone, and coal. These rock units comprise the Kukpowruk and Corwin formations of the former Nanushuk Group, respectively. Work presented here is centered in the foothills of the DeLong Mountains along the Kukpowruk River, from an area west of Igloo Mountain in the Coke Basin to the Barabara Syncline, approximately 80 km to the north. A radiometric date recovered from a tuff in our study area suggests a Cenomanian age for at least some of these rocks. Outcrops along the Kukpowruk River contain a well-preserved fossil flora previously recovered from marine, marginal marine, and terrestrial sediments. Our own work focuses on detailed measured sections of terrestrial rocks, interpretation of sedimentary facies and facies associations, and documentation of fossil vertebrates. Eight facies associations are identified in the study area that together are interpreted to represent meandering fluvial and upper delta plain environments. Plant fossils are common and include standing tree trunks up to 58 cm in diameter at some locations. Approximately 75 newly discovered tracksites, and a heretofore unknown, rich fossil vertebrate ichnofauna, are present. The ichnofaunal assemblage includes evidence of small and large theropod dinosaurs (including birds) and bipedal and quadrupedal ornithischian dinosaurs. Approximately 15% of the dinosaur ichnofauna record is represented by fossil bird tracks. Wood fragments from the Nanushuk Formation were analyzed for their carbon isotopic composition to relate δ13C to mean annual precipitation. Samples averaged −26.4‰ VPDB, suggesting an average MAP of 1412 mm/year. This record of increased precipitation in the Nanushuk Fm. during the mid-Cretaceous provides new data that supports global precipitation patterns associated with the Cretaceous Thermal Maximum. This work provides an important framework for much-needed further paleoecological and paleoclimatic analyses into greenhouse conditions in the terrestrial Cretaceous Arctic during this important window in time.
Knowledge and Attitudes of Parents about Oral Health in the Primary Dentition Stage in a Peruvian High Andean City
Authors: Rojas-Briceño Nilton B. , Oc Carrasco Oscar J. Oc , Silva Díaz Yshoner A. Silva , Ordinola Ramírez Carla M. , Pizarro Salazar Oscar , Tuesta-Mendoza Shírley J. , Silva-López Jhonsy O.
Published: January 2024

Children’s oral health depends on parents’ knowledge and attitudes. The primary dentition stage, in particular, plays a crucial role in the comprehensive development of children. Therefore, the objective was to evaluate parents’ knowledge and attitudes about oral health in the primary dentition stage in Chachapoyas (Amazonas, NW Peru). A questionnaire was administered to 409 parents from 15 educational institutions, and the data were analyzed using multinomial logistic regression. Among the surveyed parents, 75.3% could identify at least one habit harmful to their children’s teeth (such as excessive sugar consumption) and one of its effects (such as dental caries). Additionally, 77.5% reported that their children presented some dental problem, more frequent in the peripheral areas than in the city’s center. Gender (odd ratio, OR = 0.484; p = 0.037), educational level (OR = 2.144; p = 0.043), and type of health insurance (OR = 2.627; p = 0.044) of the parents influenced awareness of taking care of their children’s primary dental health. The geographic location of the school (1.729 < OR < 2.079; p ≤ 0.011) and family income (OR = 3.504; p = 0.028) influenced parents’ identification of the different harmful effects of children’s habits. Factors such as low socioeconomic status and never taking the child to the dentist increased the risk of dental problems (p < 0.05). It is suggested that peripheral areas, like rural areas, lack the same oral health programs and access to treatment as central urban areas, leading to disparities in parental knowledge and attitudes.
Quantitative Analysis of the Human Semen Phosphorometabolome by 31P-NMR
Authors: Serrano Rebeca , Martin-Hidalgo David , Bilbao Jon , Bernardo-Seisdedos Ganeko , Millet Oscar , Garcia-Marin Luis J. , Bragado Maria Julia
Published: January 2024

Phosphorus-containing metabolites occupy a prominent position in cell pathways. The phosphorometabolomic approach in human sperm samples will deliver valuable information as new male fertility biomarkers could emerge. This study analyzed, by 31P-NMR, seminal plasma and whole semen from asthenozoospermic and normozoospermic samples (71% vs. 27% and 45% vs. 17%, total and progressive sperm motility, respectively), and also ejaculates from healthy donors. At least 16 phosphorus-containing metabolites involved in central energy metabolism and phospholipid, nucleotide, and nicotinamide metabolic pathways were assigned and different abundances between the samples with distinct sperm quality was detected. Specifically, higher levels of phosphocholine, glucose-1-phosphate, and to a lesser degree, acetyl phosphate were found in the asthenozoospermic seminal plasma. Notably, the phosphorometabolites implicated in lipid metabolism were highlighted in the seminal plasma, while those associated with carbohydrate metabolism were more abundant in the spermatozoa. Higher levels of phosphocholine, glucose-1-phosphate, and acetyl phosphate in the seminal plasma with poor quality suggest their crucial role in supporting sperm motility through energy metabolic pathways. In the seminal plasma, phosphorometabolites related to lipid metabolism were prominent; however, spermatozoa metabolism is more dependent on carbohydrate-related energy pathways. Understanding the presence and function of sperm phosphorylated metabolites will enhance our knowledge of the metabolic profile of healthy human sperm, improving assessment and differential diagnosis.
Placenta-Specific Transcripts Containing Androgen Response Elements Are Altered In Silico by Male Growth Outcomes
Authors: Meakin Ashley S. , Smith Melanie , Morrison Janna L. , Roberts Claire T. , Lappas Martha , Ellery Stacey J. , Holland Olivia , Perkins Anthony , McCracken Sharon A. , Flenady Vicki , Clifton Vicki L.
Published: January 2024

A birthweight centile (BWC) below the 25th is associated with an elevated risk of adverse perinatal outcomes, particularly among males. This male vulnerability may stem from alterations in placenta-specific androgen signalling, a signalling axis that involves the androgen receptor (AR)-mediated regulation of target genes containing androgen response elements (AREs). In this study, we examined global and ARE-specific transcriptomic signatures in term male placentae (≥37 weeks of gestation) across BWC subcategories (<10th, 10th–30th, >30th) using RNA-seq and gene set enrichment analysis. ARE-containing transcripts in placentae with BWCs below the 10th percentile were upregulated compared to those in the 10th–30th and >30th percentiles, which coincided with the enrichment of gene sets related to hypoxia and the suppression of gene sets associated with mitochondrial function. In the absence of ARE-containing transcripts in silico, <10th and 10th–30th BWC subcategory placentae upregulated gene sets involved in vasculature development, immune function, and cell adhesion when compared to those in the >30th BWC subcategory. Collectively, our in silico findings suggest that changes in the expression of ARE-containing transcripts in male placentae may contribute to impaired placental vasculature and therefore result in reduced fetal growth outcomes.
The New Therapeutic Frontiers in the Treatment of Eosinophilic Esophagitis: Biological Drugs
Authors: Ridolo Erminia , Barone Alessandro , Ottoni Martina , Peveri Silvia , Montagni Marcello , Nicoletta Francesca
Published: January 2024

Eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE) is a multifaceted disease characterized by a wide heterogeneity of clinical manifestations, endoscopic and histopathologic patterns, and responsiveness to therapy. From the perspective of an effective approach to the patient, the different inflammatory mechanisms involved in the pathogenesis of EoE and biologics, in particular monoclonal antibodies (mAbs), targeting these pathways are needed. Currently, the most relevant is dupilumab, which interferes with both interleukin (IL)-4 and IL-13 pathways by binding IL-4 receptor α, and is the only mAb approved by the European Medicine Agency and US Food and Drug Administration for the treatment of EoE. Other mAbs investigated include mepolizumab, reslizumab, and benralizumab (interfering with IL-5 axis), cendakimab and dectrekumab (anti-IL-13s), tezepelumab (anti-TSLP), lirentelimab (anti-SIGLEG-8), and many others. Despite the undeniable economic impact of biologic therapies, in the near future, there will be room for further reflection about the opportunity to prescribe biologic agents, not only as a last-line therapy in selected cases such as patients with comorbidities involving common pathways. Although recent findings are very encouraging, the road to permanent success in the treatment of EoE is still long, and further studies are needed to determine the long-term effects of mAbs and to discover new potential targets.
Elevated Hepcidin Expression in Human Carotid Atheroma: Sex-Specific Differences and Associations with Plaque Vulnerability
Authors: Yuan Xi-Ming , Sultana Nargis , Ghosh-Laskar Moumita , Li Wei
Published: January 2024

Hepcidin is upregulated by increased body iron stores and inflammatory cytokines. It is associated with cardiovascular events, arterial stiffness, and increased iron accumulation in human atheroma with hemorrhage. However, it is unknown whether the expression of hepcidin in human carotid plaques is related to plaque severity and whether hepcidin expression differs between men and women. Carotid samples from 58 patients (38 males and 20 females) were immunostained with hepcidin, macrophages, ferritin, and transferrin receptor. Immunocytochemistry of hepcidin was performed on THP-1 macrophages exposed to iron or 7betahydroxycholesterol. Hepcidin expression significantly increases with the progression of human atherosclerotic plaques. Plaques of male patients have significantly higher levels of hepcidin. Expressions of hepcidin are significantly correlated with the accumulation of CD68-positive macrophages and transferrin receptor 1 (TfR1) and apoptosis. In vitro, hepcidin is significantly increased in macrophages exposed to iron and moderately increased following 7-oxysterol treatment. In the cultured cells, suppression of hepcidin protected against macrophage cell death, lysosomal membrane permeabilization, and oxidative stress. Hepcidin may play a crucial role in the development and progression of atherosclerosis. The differential expression of hepcidin in male and female patients and its significant correlations with plaque severity, highlight the potential of hepcidin as a biomarker for risk stratification and therapeutic targeting in atherosclerosis.
Markers for Immunological Resilience: Effects of Moderate- and High-Intensity Endurance Exercise on the Kinetic Response of Leukocyte Subsets
Authors: Kartaram Shirley W. , Teunis Marc , van Norren Klaske , Smits Mieke , M’Rabet Laura , Verschuren Martie C. M. , Mohrmann Karin , Garssen Johan , Witkamp Renger , Pieters Raymond
Published: January 2024

The kinetic responses of leukocyte subsets to exercise and their recovery may serve as indicators of immunological resilience. These time-dependent responses were investigated in healthy young men using a bicycle ergometer test. Fifteen recreationally active male cyclists (20–35 years, VO2max 56.9 ± 3.9 mL kg−1 min−1) performed four exercise protocols with a 1 h duration in a cross-over design: at 70% of the maximal workload (Wmax) in a hydrated and a mildly dehydrated state, at 50% of the Wmax, and intermittently at 85/55% of the Wmax in blocks of 2 min. The numbers of lymphocytes, monocytes, neutrophils, eosinophils, basophils, thrombocytes, and NK cells (CD16 and CD56) were measured at different time points up to 24 h post-exercise. The total leukocyte counts and those of most subsets increased from the start of the exercise, peaking after 30–60 min of exercising. The neutrophil numbers, however, peaked 3 h post-exercise. The CD16brightCD56dim NK cells showed a 1.5-fold increase compared to the CD16brightCD56bright NK cells. Other than for MCP-1, no significant differences were found in the serum cytokine levels. Our results show that exercise intensity is reflected in different time-dependent changes in leukocyte subsets, which supports the concept that the exchange of immune cells between peripheral blood and tissues contributes to enhanced immune surveillance during strenuous exercise.
Population Parameters of Haplaxius crudus (Hemiptera: Cixiidae) under Semi-Controlled Conditions
Authors: Beltrán-Aldana Ivette Johana , Fernández-Sánchez Anamaria , Morales-Rodriguez Anuar
Published: January 2024

The palm leafhopper, Haplaxius crudus, is a possible vector of the pathogen that causes the Lethal Wilt of oil palms in Colombia. This disease represents the biggest phytosanitary problem in the eastern palm zone. From 2010 to 2021, more than 7700 ha have been eradicated, with economic losses exceeding 154 million USD. Therefore, knowing the biology of this insect and its population parameters is necessary for developing population control tools. To evaluate these parameters, a cohort of 100 eggs obtained from H. crudus adults from the breeding unit established in the Campo Experimental Palmar de las Corocoras de Cenipalma in Paratebueno, Cundinamarca, was monitored to record the life cycle and the population parameters using a life table under semi-controlled conditions in an oil palm plantation. The life cycle from egg to adult was 62.7 ± 15.5 days (26.1 ± 2.9 °C; HR: 89.8 ± 14.0%). The egg stage lasted 14.6 ± 0.6 days, the nymphal stage 48.1 ± 2.8 days through five instars, and the adult longevity was 14.8 ± 8.4 days. The specific mortality rate (qx) calculated in the life table was 0.14 (for the egg stage), 0.05 (for I instar), 0.05 (for II instar), 0.03 (for III instar), 0.04 (for IV instar), and 0.07 (for V instar). The population parameters’ values were as follows: net reproductive rate Ro = 10.96; generation time T = 62.3 days, intrinsic natural growth rate rm = 0.03, and finite growth rate λ = 1.03. These results help us to understand the population dynamics of this insect in the field and for the development of population control studies.
Ecological Speciation without Morphological Differentiation? A New Cryptic Species of Diodontus Curtis (Hymenoptera, Pemphredonidae) from the Centre of Europe
Authors: Budrys Eduardas , Orlovskytė Svetlana , Budrienė Anna
Published: January 2024

Upon exploring the mitotype diversity of the aphid-hunting wasp, Diodontus tristis, we revealed specimens with highly divergent mitotypes from two localities in Lithuania and nesting in clayey substrate, while the specimens with typical mitotypes were found nesting in sandy sites. The comparison of inter- and intra-specific distances and application of delimitation algorithms supported the species status of the clay-nesting populations. Using a set of DNA markers that included complete or partial sequences of six mitochondrial genes, three markers of ribosomal operon, two homeobox genes, and four other nuclear genes, we clarified the phylogenetic relationships of the new cryptic species. The endosymbiotic bacteria infestation was checked, considering the option that the divergent populations may represent clades isolated by Wolbachia infection; however, it did not demonstrate any specificity. We found only subtle morphological differences in the new clay-nesting species, D. argillicola sp. nov.; the discriminant analysis of morphometric measurements did not reliably segregate it as well. Thus, we provide the molecular characters of the cryptic species, which allow confident identification, its phylogenetic position within the genus, and an updated identification key for the D. tristis species group.
Prevalence and Associations of Epiretinal Membranes in an Elderly English Population: The Bridlington Eye Assessment Project
Authors: Wilde Craig , Panos Georgios D. , Pooschti Ali , MacNab Hamish K. , Hillman Jonathan G. , Vernon Stephen A. , Amoaku Winfried M.
Published: January 2024

Purpose: To determine the prevalence and risk factors of epiretinal membranes (ERMs) in an adult English population. Methods: The Bridlington Eye Assessment Project is a population-based study of eye disease among residents aged 65 years or older. Comprehensive interviews and ophthalmic examinations were conducted to assess potential risk factors. Digital mydriatic nonstereoscopic 30° colour fundus photography (CFP) was performed. ERMs were classified as primary/idiopathic or secondary on the basis of findings from the ocular examination and the structured questionnaire. Logistic regression models were used to determine the independence of potential risk factors for idiopathic ERMs. Results: In a comprehensive screening of 3588 patients aged over 65, we identified an eye-based prevalence of ERMs of 4.26% and a subject-based prevalence of ERMs of 6.88%. The majority of these cases were idiopathic in nature (90.7%), while 9.3% were secondary ERMs; predominantly, there was a history of cataract surgery (43.5%). No significant correlation between idiopathic ERMs and factors such as age, gender, diabetes, hypertension, a history of stroke, or the presence of AMD was found. Conclusions: The prevalence of ERMs in an elderly English population and the proportion of idiopathic and secondary ERMs are similar to previous reports. However, in elderly patients aged over 65 years, age is not a risk factor for the presence of idiopathic ERMs. The presence of diabetes, hypertension, a history of stroke, and AMD of any grade was not associated with ERMs.
Heart Rate Variability as a Tool for Seizure Prediction: A Scoping Review
Authors: Mason Federico , Scarabello Anna , Taruffi Lisa , Pasini Elena , Calandra-Buonaura Giovanna , Vignatelli Luca , Bisulli Francesca
Published: January 2024

The most critical burden for People with Epilepsy (PwE) is represented by seizures, the unpredictability of which severely impacts quality of life. The design of real-time warning systems that can detect or even predict ictal events would enhance seizure management, leading to high benefits for PwE and their caregivers. In the past, various research works highlighted that seizure onset is anticipated by significant changes in autonomic cardiac control, which can be assessed through heart rate variability (HRV). This manuscript conducted a scoping review of the literature analyzing HRV-based methods for detecting or predicting ictal events. An initial search on the PubMed database returned 402 papers, 72 of which met the inclusion criteria and were included in the review. These results suggest that seizure detection is more accurate in neonatal and pediatric patients due to more significant autonomic modifications during the ictal transitions. In addition, conventional metrics are often incapable of capturing cardiac autonomic variations and should be replaced with more advanced methodologies, considering non-linear HRV features and machine learning tools for processing them. Finally, studies investigating wearable systems for heart monitoring denoted how HRV constitutes an efficient biomarker for seizure detection in patients presenting significant alterations in autonomic cardiac control during ictal events.
The Impact of Climate Change and Extreme Weather Conditions on Cardiovascular Health and Acute Cardiovascular Diseases
Authors: De Vita Antonio , Belmusto Antonietta , Di Perna Federico , Tremamunno Saverio , De Matteis Giuseppe , Franceschi Francesco , Covino Marcello
Published: January 2024

Climate change is widely recognized as one of the most significant challenges facing our planet and human civilization. Human activities such as the burning of fossil fuels, deforestation, and industrial processes release greenhouse gases into the atmosphere, leading to a warming of the Earth’s climate. The relationship between climate change and cardiovascular (CV) health, mediated by air pollution and increased ambient temperatures, is complex and very heterogeneous. The main mechanisms underlying the pathogenesis of CV disease at extreme temperatures involve several regulatory pathways, including temperature-sympathetic reactivity, the cold-activated renin-angiotensin system, dehydration, extreme temperature-induced electrolyte imbalances, and heat stroke-induced systemic inflammatory responses. The interplay of these mechanisms may vary based on individual factors, environmental conditions, and an overall health background. The net outcome is a significant increase in CV mortality and a higher incidence of hypertension, type II diabetes mellitus, acute myocardial infarction (AMI), heart failure, and cardiac arrhythmias. Patients with pre-existing CV disorders may be more vulnerable to the effects of global warming and extreme temperatures. There is an urgent need for a comprehensive intervention that spans from the individual level to a systemic or global approach to effectively address this existential problem. Future programs aimed at reducing CV and environmental burdens should require cross-disciplinary collaboration involving physicians, researchers, public health workers, political scientists, legislators, and national leaders to mitigate the effects of climate change.
Thirteen Years of Impactful, Minimally Invasive Coronary Surgery: Short- and Long-Term Results for Single and Multi-Vessel Disease
Authors: Ilcheva Lilly , Häussler Achim , Cholubek Magdalena , Ntinopoulos Vasileios , Odavic Dragan , Dushaj Stak , Rodriguez Cetina Biefer Hector , Dzemali Omer
Published: January 2024

Objectives: Minimally invasive coronary surgery (MICS) via lateral thoracotomy is a less invasive alternative to the traditional median full sternotomy approach for coronary surgery. This study investigates its effectiveness for short- and long-term revascularization in cases of single and multi-vessel diseases. Methods: A thorough examination was performed on the databases of two cardiac surgery programs, focusing on patients who underwent minimally invasive coronary bypass grafting procedures between 2010 and 2023. The study involved patients who underwent either minimally invasive direct coronary artery bypass grafting (MIDCAB) for the revascularization of left anterior descending (LAD) artery stenosis or minimally invasive multi-vessel coronary artery bypass grafting (MICSCABG). Our assessment criteria included in-hospital mortality, long-term mortality, and freedom from reoperations due to failed aortocoronary bypass grafts post-surgery. Additionally, we evaluated significant in-hospital complications as secondary endpoints. Results: A total of 315 consecutive patients were identified between 2010 and 2023 (MIDCAB 271 vs. MICSCABG 44). Conversion to median sternotomy (MS) occurred in eight patients (2.5%). The 30-day all-cause mortality was 1.3% (n = 4). Postoperative AF was the most common complication postoperatively (n = 26, 8.5%). Five patients were reoperated for bleeding (1.6%), and myocardial infarction (MI) happened in four patients (1.3%). The mean follow-up time was six years (±4 years). All-cause mortality was 10.3% (n = 30), with only five (1.7%) patients having a confirmed cardiac cause. The reoperation rate due to graft failure or the progression of aortocoronary disease was 1.4% (n = 4). Conclusions: Despite the complexity of the MICS approach, the results of our study support the safety and effectiveness of this procedure with low rates of mortality, morbidity, and conversion for both single and multi-vessel bypass surgeries. These results underscore further the necessity to implement such programs to benefit patients.
Predictors of Efficacy of Janus Kinase Inhibitors in Patients Affected by Ulcerative Colitis
Authors: Cuccia Giuseppe , Privitera Giuseppe , Di Vincenzo Federica , Monastero Lucia , Parisio Laura , Carbone Luigi , Scaldaferri Franco , Pugliese Daniela
Published: January 2024

Personalised medicine and the identification of predictors of the efficacy of specific drugs represent the ultimate goal for the treatment of ulcerative colitis (UC) in order to break the current therapeutic ceiling. JAK inhibitors are a new class of advanced therapies, orally administered, showing a good profile of efficacy and safety in both randomised controlled trials (RCTs) and real-world studies. Unfortunately, to date, it is not possible to draw the ideal profile of a patient maximally benefiting from this class of drugs to guide clinicians’ therapeutic choices. Baseline clinical activities and inflammatory biomarkers, as well as their early variation after treatment initiation, emerged as the main predictors of efficacy from post hoc analyses of RCTs with tofacitinib. Similar findings were also observed in the real-life studies including mainly patients with a history of pluri-refractoriness to biological therapies. At last, a few new biomarkers have been explored, even though they have not been validated in large cohorts. This paper provides a review of the current knowledge on clinical variables and biomarkers predicting response to JAK inhibitors in UC.
Clinical Outcomes of 111 Patients with Early Onset Idiopathic Scoliosis (EOIS) Receiving Brace Treatment: A Longitudinal Retrospective Cohort Study
Authors: Lau Rufina Wing-Lum , Hung Alec Lik-Hang , Kee Ho-Man , Wong Leo Chung-Hei , Chan Victor Kin-Wai , Chung Derek Wai-Yin , Chan Jerry Kwok-To , Chau Bosco Kin-Pok , Leung Stanley Ho-Fung , Cheng Jack Chun-Yiu , Lam Tsz-Ping , Lau Adam Yiu-Chung
Published: January 2024

Introduction: Bracing is one of the first-line treatment for early-onset idiopathic scoliosis (EOIS) to control curves from progression. This study aimed to explore the determinants that govern bracing effectiveness in EOIS. Methods: One hundred and eleven patients with EOIS (mean age of 8.6 ± 1.25 at diagnosis) received bracing treatment and had a final follow-up beyond skeletal maturity were identified from records between 1988 and 2021. Demographic data and clinical features of spinal curvature were obtained for correlation analyses to determine the associations between curve outcomes and clinical features. Results: Most patients were female (85.6%) and had a major curve on the left side (67%). The mean baseline Cobb angle of major curves was 21.73 ± 7.92°, with a mean Cobb angle progression of 18.05 ± 19.11°. The average bracing duration was 5.3 ± 1.9 years. Only 26 (23.4%) of them underwent surgery. The final Cobb angle and curve progression at the final follow-up with a Cobb angle of ≥50° were positively correlated with the initial Cobb angle (r = 0.206 and r = 0.313, respectively) and negatively correlated with maturity parameters. The lumbar curve type was found to correlate with a smaller final Cobb angle. Conclusions: The majority of patients had a final Cobb angle < 50°, which was considered a successful bracing outcome. The final Cobb angle correlated with the initial Cobb angle and curve types observed in EOIS.
Colouterine Fistula as a Rare Cause of Postmenopausal Abnormal Uterine Bleeding: A Case Report
Authors: Silva Cátia , Monteiro Cristina , Barbosa Fernando , Cunha Inês , Coutada Rosália , Carvalho Agostinho
Published: January 2024

Postmenopausal abnormal uterine bleeding is a common clinical problem addressed in gynaecological practice and should prompt clinical investigation due to the significant prevalence of malignant and premalignant lesions of the endometrium in this age group. Nevertheless, other causes should be considered, since its diagnostic and therapeutic management may differ considerably. Here, we present a case of a colouterine fistula due to chronic diverticulitis presenting with postmenopausal abnormal uterine bleeding. This is an infrequent occurrence and is caused by the rupture of a diverticular abscess into the uterine wall, resulting in an inflammatory adhesion of the colon and uterus, with necrosis and subsequent fistula formation. The clinical presentation is variable and may include abdominal pain, gastrointestinal tract symptoms, vaginal discharge, and abnormal uterine bleeding. The laboratory and imaging techniques may be not completely conclusive and definitive diagnosis can be made intraoperatively. There are different treatment options, with en bloc resection and primary anastomosis being used most often, allowing complete treatment. The prognosis for a colouterine fistula secondary to diverticulitis is excellent after surgery. This case highlights the importance of clinical suspicion of an unusual cause of uterine bleeding and an effective and multidisciplinary approach that allowed complete surgical treatment and patient recovery.
Efficacy and Safety of Spinal Collagen Mesotherapy in Patients with Chronic Low Back Pain in a Three-Month Follow-Up—Retrospective Study
Authors: Koszela Kamil , Woldańska-Okońska Marta , Gasik Robert
Published: January 2024

Background: Low back pain syndrome is associated with muscular and myofascial pain and is linked with muscle overstrain or a lack of regular physical activity as well as a habitual bad posture, which cause the overload of perispinal soft tissues. One of the forms of therapy of LBP is the mesotherapy of the spine, which consists of multi-point micro-injections of drugs or medicine mixtures, which include preparations of collagen type I. The aim of the study was to assess the efficacy and safety of mesotherapy with collagen type I. Methods: A retrospective analysis of the results of the treatment of patients with chronic low back pain syndrome using mesotherapy was performed. A total of 130 patients (83 women and 47 men; mean age: 51 ± 14 years) were divided into two groups: group I (n = 65), treated with collagen type I, and group II (n = 65), treated with lignocaine 1%. Mesotherapy was performed weekly over five weeks. Patients were assessed using the following scales: the VAS, Laitinen Scale, and Revised Oswestry Low Back Pain Disability Scale before the start of the treatment, after five treatments, and at the three-month follow-up visit. Results: A statistically significant improvement was observed after the use of spinal mesotherapy both with collagen type I and lignocaine, with the collagen treatment having better results at the three-month follow-up visit. No adverse effects were observed after the procedures. Conclusions: Spinal mesotherapy using collagen type I and lignocaine seems to be an effective method in the treatment of chronic LBP. Collagen mesotherapy gives better results in the long term. Mesotherapy is a safe form of therapy.
VDD Lead Extraction—Differences with Other Leads and Practical Tips in Management
Authors: Kutarski Andrzej , Jacheć Wojciech , Stefańczyk Paweł , Polewczyk Anna , Kosior Jarosław , Nowosielecka Dorota
Published: January 2024

Background: VDD (atrial sensing, ventricular sensing/pacing) leads are relatively rarely implanted; therefore, experience in their extraction is very limited. We aimed to investigate whether VDD lead removal may be a risk factor for the increased complexity of transvenous lead extraction (TLE) or major complications. Methods: We retrospectively analyzed 3808 TLE procedures (including 103 patients with VDD leads). Results: If TLE included VDD lead removal, procedure duration (lead dilation time) was prolonged, complicated extractions were slightly more common, and more advanced tools were required. This is partly due to longer implant duration (in patients with VDD systems—135.2 months; systems without VDD leads—109.3 months; p < 0.001), more frequent presence of abandoned leads (all systems containing VDD leads—22.33% and all systems without VDD leads—10.77%), and partly to the younger age of patients with VDD leads (51.74 vs. 57.72 years; p < 0.001, in the remaining patients) at the time of system implantation. VDD lead extraction does not increase the risk of major complications (1.94 vs. 2.34%; p = 0.905). Conclusions: The extraction of VDD leads may be considered a risk factor for increased procedure complexity, but not for major complications. However, this is not a direct result of VDD lead extraction but specific characteristics of the patients with VDD leads. Operator skill and team experience combined with special custom maneuvers can enable favorable results to be achieved despite the specific design of VDD leads, even with older VDD lead models.
Retrospective Analysis of Risk Factors for Recurrence of Chronic Subdural Haematoma after Surgery
Authors: Zawy Alsofy Samer , Lewitz Marc , Meyer Kyra , Fortmann Thomas , Wilbers Eike , Nakamura Makoto , Ewelt Christian
Published: January 2024

(1) Background: In this study, epidemiological, clinical, therapeutical, and haemostaseological variables were investigated regarding their correlation with the recurrence of chronic subdural haematomas to assess the risk of recurrence more reliably in everyday clinical practice. (2) Methods: In our retrospective study, the electronic records of 90 patients who underwent surgery for a chronic subdural haematoma at our institute between 1 January 2017 and 31 May 2021 were analysed regarding previously defined variables. (3) Results: In the patient collective, 33.33% of the 90 patients experienced a recurrence requiring treatment. The occurrence of a recurrence was not statistically significantly related to age, gender, known alcohol abuse, a specific location, extension over one or both hemispheres, the surgical method, or anticoagulant medication. However, the recurrence was statistically significantly related to haematoma width (p = 0.000007), septation (p = 0.005), and the existence of a coagulation disorder not treated with medication (p = 0.04). (4) Conclusions: In our study, the width of the haematoma, septation, and coagulation disorders not treated with medication were documented as risk factors for the occurrence of a chronic subdural haematoma. Identifying of these risk factors could help in adapting individual therapeutic concepts for chronic subdural haematomas.
Biological and Physical Performance Markers for Early Detection of Cognitive Impairment in Older Adults
Authors: Kerminen Hanna , Marzetti Emanuele , D’Angelo Emanuela
Published: January 2024

Dementia is a major cause of poor quality of life, disability, and mortality in old age. According to the geroscience paradigm, the mechanisms that drive the aging process are also involved in the pathogenesis of chronic degenerative diseases, including dementia. The dissection of such mechanisms is therefore instrumental in providing biological targets for interventions and new sources for biomarkers. Within the geroscience paradigm, several biomarkers have been discovered that can be measured in blood and that allow early identification of individuals at risk of cognitive impairment. Examples of such markers include inflammatory biomolecules, markers of neuroaxonal damage, extracellular vesicles, and DNA methylation. Furthermore, gait speed, measured at a usual and fast pace and as part of a dual task, has been shown to detect individuals at risk of future dementia. Here, we provide an overview of available biomarkers that may be used to gauge the risk of cognitive impairment in apparently healthy older adults. Further research should establish which combination of biomarkers possesses the highest predictive accuracy toward incident dementia. The implementation of currently available markers may allow the identification of a large share of at-risk individuals in whom preventive interventions should be implemented to maintain or increase cognitive reserves, thereby reducing the risk of progression to dementia.
Review on Conductive Polymer Composites for Supercapacitor Applications
Authors: Tadesse Melkie Getnet , Ahmmed Abdella Simegnaw , Lübben Jörn Felix
Published: January 2024

The rising demand for energy storage systems with high power density, rapid charge/discharge capabilities, and long cycle life has pushed extensive research into advanced materials for supercapacitor applications. There are several materials under investigation, and among these materials, conductive polymer composites have emerged as promising candidates due to their unique combination of electrical conductivity, flexibility, and facile synthesis. This review provides a comprehensive analysis of recent advancements in the development and application of conductive polymer composites for supercapacitor applications. The review begins with an overview of the fundamental principles governing electrical conductivity mechanism, applications of conductive polymers and the specific requirements for materials employed for these devices. Subsequently, it delves into the properties of conductive polymers and the challenges associated with their implementation for supercapacitors, highlighting the limitations of pristine conductive polymers and the strategies employed to overcome these drawbacks through composite formation. In this review, conductive polymer composites and their applications on supercapacitors are explored, and their advantages and disadvantages are discussed. Finally, the electromechanical properties of each conductive polymer composite are elaborated.
Bronchoscopy and Thermal Ablation: A Review Article
Authors: Armas Villalba Aristides J. , Sabath Bruce F.
Published: January 2024

Thermal ablative techniques are part of the armamentarium of interventional pulmonologists for the treatment of a diverse range of pathologies, but most importantly used in airway obstruction and airway bleeding. These techniques can be categorized based on their onset of action into rapid and delayed ablative methods. Understanding the nuances of each technique is essential, as most clinical scenarios demand a combination of modalities, commonly referred to as a “multi-modality approach”. This comprehensive review aims to elucidate the fundamental principles of rapid ablative techniques, including laser therapy, argon plasma coagulation (APC), and electrocautery, along with the research that underpins their clinical application.
Semi-Automatic Analysis of Specific Electroencephalographic Patterns during NREM2 Sleep in a Pediatric Population after SARS-CoV-2 Infection
Authors: Di Bella Paolo , Attardi Anna Gaia , Butera Ambra , Mancini Arianna , Calabrò Nunzia , Lo Re Elisa Giuseppa , Trimarchi Giuseppe , Nicotera Antonio Gennaro , Di Rosa Gabriella , Giudice Daniela Lo
Published: January 2024

The post-COVID-19 condition is defined by the World Health Organization as the persistence of symptoms or development of new symptoms three months after the initial SARS-CoV-2 infection, lasting for at least two months without a clear explanation. Neuropsychiatric disorders associated with this condition include asthenia, memory and concentration problems, and sleep disturbances. Our study aims to investigate sleep patterns following SARS-CoV-2 infection using EEG findings and a sleep quality questionnaire completed by parents (Sleep Disturbance Scale for Children—SDSC). Notably, our investigation is based on a convenience sample. The patients in our sample, aged 1 to 14 years, are not currently taking any medications; rather, they are undergoing follow-up assessments at the Child Neuropsychiatry department of the University Hospital of Messina for neurodevelopmental evaluations. Specifically, we are analyzing amplitude and power spectrum data in the first five minutes of NREM2 sleep, calculated from EEG recordings obtained via bipolar leads within three months after the onset of the disease. These results will be compared with controls performed on the same subjects in the six months preceding the infection. The focus of the study was sleep spindles, which are generated by the thalamocortical systems and play a role in sleep modulation, memory, and learning. Preliminary analysis suggests a predominant increase in the slow component of the spindles in the right-frontal lead.
Prognostic Factors of Non-Predominant-Lepidic Lung Adenocarcinoma Presenting as Ground Glass Opacity: Results of a Multicenter Study
Authors: Messa Fabiana , Siciliani Alessandra , Piccioni Giorgia , Leonardi Beatrice , Ciccone Anna Maria , D’Andrilli Antonio , Andreetti Claudio , Menna Cecilia , Vanni Camilla , Baccarini Alberto Emiliano , Tiracorrendo Matteo , Mancini Massimiliano , Vecchione Andrea , Nocera Adriana , Calabrese Giuseppe , Meacci Elisa , Margaritora Stefano , Natale Giovanni , Fiorelli Alfonso , Venuta Federico , Rendina Erino Angelo , Maurizi Giulio , Ibrahim Mohsen
Published: January 2024

This study aims to define the clinicopathological characteristics and prognosis of non-predominant lepidic invasive adenocarcinoma presenting as Ground Glass Opacity (GGO) nodules. The goal is to assess statistical relationships between histology, tumor size, location, and the incidence of relapse and lymph node dissemination. A retrospective multicenter study was conducted, including patients with GGO observed on CT scans between 2003 and 2021. Anamnestic, radiological, and histological data, as well as SUV values, lymphatic and vascular invasion, pathological stage, resection type, and adjuvant treatment, were analyzed. The primary endpoints were to evaluate prognostic factors for death and recurrence using Cox regression analysis. All 388 patients, including 277 with non-predominant lepidic invasive adenocarcinoma and 161 with lepidic adenocarcinoma, underwent curative anatomical resection. Non-predominant lepidic invasive adenocarcinoma demonstrated a worse prognosis than lepidic adenocarcinoma (p = 0.001). Independent prognostic factors for death and recurrence included lymph node involvement (p = 0.002) and vascular and lymphatic invasion (p < 0.001). In conclusion, non-predominant lepidic invasive adenocarcinoma and lymphatic and vascular invasion are prognostic factors for death and recurrence in GGO patients. Results suggest adjuvant treatment in the case of pN1-N2 disease, emphasizing the necessity of lymphadenectomy (sampling or systematic) for accurate staging and subsequent therapeutic procedures.
The Impact of Genetics on Cognition: Insights into Cognitive Disorders and Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms
Authors: Spoto Giulia , Di Rosa Gabriella , Nicotera Antonio Gennaro
Published: January 2024

This article explores the complex relationship between genetics and cognition, specifically examining the impact of genetic variants, particularly single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), on cognitive functions and the development of neuropsychiatric disorders. Focusing on neurotransmitter regulation within the prefrontal cortex’s dopaminergic circuits, this study emphasizes the role of genes like COMT, PRODH, and DRD in shaping executive functions and influencing conditions such as ADHD and schizophrenia. Additionally, it explores the significance of genetic factors in neurodevelopmental disorders, emphasizing the need for early identification to guide appropriate therapeutic interventions. This article also investigates polymorphisms in the transsulfuration pathway, revealing their association with cognitive impairment diseases. Computational analyses, including machine learning algorithms, are highlighted for their potential in predicting symptom severity in ADHD based on genetic variations. In conclusion, this article underscores the intricate interplay of genetic and environmental factors in shaping cognitive outcomes, providing valuable insights for tailored treatments and a more comprehensive understanding of neuropsychiatric conditions.
Lymphocyte-to-Monocyte Ratio Might Serve as a Prognostic Marker in Young Patients with Tongue Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Kandathil Sam Augustine , Peter Truta Ina , Kadletz-Wanke Lorenz , Heiduschka Gregor , Stoiber Stefan , Kenner Lukas , Herrmann Harald , Huskic Harun , Brkic Faris F.
Published: January 2024

Background: Young patients with tongue squamous cell carcinoma (TSCC) mostly lack typical prognostic markers and face a dire prognosis. The aim of this study was to analyze the prognostic relevance of lymphocyte-to-monocyte ratio (LMR) in TSCC patients, with a special emphasis on patients under 45 years. Methods: This retrospective study included all patients primarily treated for TSCC. The prognostic relevance of LMR was investigated in terms of predicting the overallsurvival (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS). Results: A total of 74 patients were included and the young cohort (<45 years) comprised 27 individuals. The mortality and recurrence rates were 39.2% (n = 29) and 37.8% (n = 28), respectively. OS and DFS were significantly shorter in the low LMR group within the whole cohort. Furthermore, low LMR was associated with worse prognosis, particularly inferior OS (median OS 1.7 vs. 14.6 years, p = 0.0156) and worse DFS (median DFS 0.8 years vs. not reached, p = 0.0405) in the young patient cohort. Conclusions: Our results reveal that pretreatment LMR might become a prognostic tool for young TSCC patients, especially due to its availability. However, further studies on larger cohorts are necessary to validate our results.
Exploring the Role of Free Tissue Transfers in the Preservation of Bone Length and Knee Joint Function after Lower Limb Trauma: A Retrospective Analysis
Authors: Krześniak Natalia Ewa , Hsu Chung-Chen , Chen Shih-Heng , Lin Yu-Te , Lin Chih-Hung , Lo Youh-Hua , Anggelia Madonna Rica , Lin Cheng-Hung
Published: January 2024

Lower limb trauma often results in mangled extremities, and in some cases, complete amputation may be necessary. However, limiting the extent of amputation and preserving the major knee joint are crucial to enhance mobility and overall functionality. By providing painless soft tissue coverage on the stump, early prosthesis use and the initiation of physiotherapy become more feasible. Soft tissue transfers hold the potential to benefit patients in two essential aspects: first, resolving soft tissue deficiencies without causing bone shortening, and second, preparing the stump to enhance overall functionality. A retrospective study conducted at Chang Gung Memorial Hospital (2009–2016) focused on lower limb amputation patients who underwent soft tissue transfers at different time periods compared to those without stump reconstruction. Out of the 2391 cases of lower limb injuries treated operatively, 117 amputations were performed in 110 patients (44 above the knee and 73 below the knee). Among them, 12 patients received soft tissue transfers for limb salvage and soft tissue deficiency after amputations. It was observed that patients in this group were typically younger, predominantly female, had longer hospital stays, and underwent a greater number of surgical procedures (p < 0.05). Through the use of soft tissue transfers, successfully preserved tibial bone length and functional knee joint in selected patients was achieved. This approach effectively resolved soft tissue deficiencies following lower limb amputations, optimizing physiotherapy and facilitating functional rehabilitation.
Sumatriptan Succinate Hemi(Ethanol Solvate)
Authors: Buikin Petr A. , Vologzhanina Anna V. , Korlyukov Alexander A.
Published: January 2024

1-(3-(2-(Dimethylammonio)ethyl)-1H-indol-5-yl)-N-methylmethanesulfonamide succinate (sumatriptan succinate, HSum+·HSucc−) is a serotonin receptor agonist used to treat migraines. By the recrystallization of this substance from ethanol, its hemi(ethanol solvate), HSum+·HSucc−·0.5EtOH, was obtained. The solid was characterized by X-ray diffraction and FT-IR spectroscopy. In HSum+·HSucc−·0.5EtOH, solvent molecules link succinate anions into infinite O–H…O bonded chains, which are further connected by N–H…O interactions with cations into H-bonded layers.