bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Immigrant presence, group boundaries, and support for the welfare state in Western European societies
Authors: Breznau Nate , Eger Maureen A
Published: May 2016

The intersection of group dynamics and socioeconomic status theories is applied as a framework for the puzzling relationship of immigration and support for the welfare state in Western Europe. Group dynamics theories suggest that how individuals define their group boundaries moderates the impact of immigration on support for the welfare state. Immigrant presence should have the strongest effects for those with exclusive national group boundaries; weaker for those with conditionally inclusive boundaries based on reciprocity; and weakest or non-existent for those with inclusive group boundaries. Group boundaries should interact with material self-interest, leading individuals with less material security who are more likely to face social risks to be more supportive of the welfare state. Using data from the 4th European Social Survey linked to regional and national data, we find that group boundary salience plays a large moderating role in the relationship between immigration and native support for the welfare state, and that this role is intricately linked to material self-interest. Group dynamics should therefore be viewed in conjunction with existing structural welfare state theories as opposed to an alternative or isolated mechanism.
Capturing Parent–Child Interactions With Social Media
Authors: Leung Ricky , Dong Guanghui , Qin Xiaoxia , Lin Shao
Published: May 2016

Zhang et al. conducted a qualitative study of children presented with 19 parental structuring behaviors of parental control and were asked to attribute the parent’s intent behind the behaviors. The authors developed several conceptual categories, “parent-centered,” “child-centered,” or “social” interests. Here, we describe how their 12 propositions could be empirically tested in further studies using social media.
Book Review: Thongkholal Haokip, India’s Look East Policy and the Northeast
Authors: Hazarika Obja Borah
Published: May 2016

Thongkholal Haokip, India’s Look East Policy and the Northeast, New Delhi, SAGE Publications, 2015, 212 pp., ₹795, ISBN: 978-93-515-0101-5.
Victims or perpetrators? Explaining media framing of Roma across Europe
Authors: Kroon Anne C , Kluknavská Alena , Vliegenthart Rens , Boomgaarden Hajo G
Published: May 2016

Discrimination against Roma is a reality across Europe. The extent to which stereotyped, discriminatory beliefs of this minority group are reflected or reinforced by news media has received only limited attention. This study investigates media framing of Roma and explains variation in how European news media frame Roma in diagnostic and prognostic terms. We content analysed 825 news articles from newspapers in the Netherlands, Germany, Slovakia, the Czech Republic and the United Kingdom for the period 2010–2012. Results show that attention for Roma is clustered around key-events and differs considerably between countries. Our analyses of frame variation, based on multilevel modelling, indicate a duality in the use of frames, with Roma being both portrayed as victims and perpetrators. Variation in these portrayals could be ascribed mainly to sources and newspaper types. This study contributes to our understanding of the factors that account for problem-emphasizing portrayals of Roma in European countries.
Attitudes and Purchase Intentions for Smart Clothing
Authors: Hwang Chanmi , Chung Te-Lin , Sanders Eulanda A.
Published: May 2016

This research extends the technology acceptance model with apparel design attributes and examines factors influencing consumers’ attitudes and purchase intentions of smart clothing, specifically, solar-powered clothing. A random sample of college students and faculty ( N = 720) participated in this study. Results from structural equation modeling reveal that perceived usefulness is the strongest predictor of attitude and purchase intention. Perceived compatibility is the strongest predictor of perceived usefulness, and along with perceived comfort, it determines perceptions of usefulness, ease of use, and performance risk. Perceived performance risk, aesthetic attributes, and environmental concern are significant predictors of attitude. This research validates the technology acceptance model in explaining new technology adoption in clothing and confirms the importance of multiple dimensions of smart clothing. Retailers can emphasize the shift from a technical concern to a user-centered one by highlighting utilitarian aspects of clothing and providing compatible and aesthetically appealing design features that interconnects functionality, expressiveness, and aesthetics (FEA) consumer needs.
The Relationship Between Nonprofits’ Revenue Composition and Their Economic-Financial Efficiency
Authors: Ecer Sencer , Magro Mark , Sarpça Sinan
Published: May 2016

We study financial efficiency in the nonprofit sector and document that organizations that rely mainly on commercial revenues are more efficient in managing their overhead and administrative expenses compared with nonprofits that rely mainly on donations. We also record a positive relationship between the extent of a nonprofit’s reliance on donations and its efficiency in generating them. Our findings suggest economies of scale in the nonprofit sector and also a positive (negative) relationship between receiving government grants (membership income) and overall efficiency. We discuss what our findings imply for social enterprises and traditional nonprofits.
Multi-field coupling dynamic characteristics based on Kriging interpolation method
Authors: Yang Wenjun , Yuan Huiqun , Zhao Tianyu
Published: May 2016

Multi-field coupling problems are taken more and more attention mainly because of the higher requirement of load, efficiency, and reliability in aero-engine operation. This research takes an aero-engine compressor as the research object, 3D flow field and structural models are established. For the method of cyclic symmetric, single-sector model is selected as the calculation domain. Considering the influence of former stator wakes, compressor flow field is simulated. The article analyzes the distribution law of unsteady aerodynamic load on rotor blade. Based on Kriging model, load transfer of aerodynamic pressure and temperature is achieved from flow field to blade structure. Then the effects of centrifugal force, aerodynamic pressure and temperature load are discussed on compressor vibration characteristic and structural strength. The results show dominant fluctuation frequencies of aerodynamic load on rotor blade are manly at frequency doubling of stator–rotor interaction, especially at one time frequency (1 ×  f0). Magnitude and pulsation amplitude on pressure surface are far greater than that on suction surface. Load transfer with Kriging model has a higher precision, it can meet the requirement of multi-field coupling dynamic calculation. In multi-field coupling interaction, temperature load makes the natural vibration frequencies decrease obviously, centrifugal force is the main source of deformation and stress. Bending stress induced by aerodynamic pressure and temperature load can counteract part of bending stress induced by centrifugal force. However, temperature load causes the maximum displacement of blade-disk system to increase.
Toward a New Frame for Regional Films: Manbhum Videos and the Other Side of (Indian) Cinema
Authors: Mukherjee Madhuja
Published: May 2016

This article focuses on the production and mass circulation of locally produced videos in and across socially marginalized areas of Bengal. It emerges from the research conducted on the video industry located in Purulia District, West Bengal. These videos, known as “ Manbhum videos,” signifying both place and idiom, are connected to video cultures proliferating across the Global South since the last decade. While new media cultures have become a crucial part of contemporary cinema studies, production of Manbhum videos (and videos produced in other local languages) point toward a new understanding of both cinema in India and categories like regional films. It raises questions regarding the ways in which “regional cinema” has been described so far, and the manner in which it may be redefined in the new media context. Such small-scale and localized video production in West Bengal and its circulation across disparate districts of India and Bangladesh, inform us that frameworks like “Bengali cinema” are deeply fragmented. Therefore, by studying the videos and its growth, this article shows in what way alternative settings and landscapes, narratives tropes, styles of performance and speech become pertinent in these videos, which effectively address a longer history of marginalization and political tussle.
Serological Prevalence of Leptospirosis Among Rural Communities in the Rejang Basin, Sarawak, Malaysia
Authors: Suut Lela , Mazlan Mohamad Nur-Azim , Arif Mohamad Taha , Yusoff Haironi , Abdul Rahim Nor-Aliza , Safii Razitasham , Suhaili Mohamad Raili
Published: May 2016

Leptospirosis is an important zoonotic disease globally and is endemic in Malaysia. A study was conducted in the Rejang basin of Sarawak from June 2011 to May 2013 to determine the seroprevalence of leptospirosis among the communities and dominant infecting Leptospira serovars. A total of 508 human sera were analyzed using ELISA and the microscopic agglutination test (MAT). The seroprevalence of leptospirosis in the study area was 37.4%, with the highest prevalence in Kapit division. More women were positive for leptospirosis (59.5%), and the mean age of seropositive individuals was 42.2 (SD = 18.7) years. Antibody titers between 1:50 and 1:1600 were reported, and serovars djasiman (22.1%), shermani (13.2%), and pomona (7.9%) predominated, with varied distribution between geographical locations. This study highlighted the endemicity and diversity of existing Leptospira serovars within the community. This information should be communicated to local health personnel and communities at risk, and rapid diagnostic capability should be made available to local health facilities.
Nutrition and Diet as It Relates to Health and Well-Being of Native Hawaiian Kūpuna (Elders): A Systematic Literature Review
Authors: Wong Kamomilani Anduha , Kataoka-Yahiro Merle R.
Published: May 2016

Purpose: The key to improving the health and well-being of Native Hawaiians is to understand the historical events that have caused change to their diet and nutrition, and identify the connection between food, life, and the land. The purpose of this article is to (a) present a review of the literature addressing nutrition and diet as it relates to health and well-being of Native Hawaiian kūpuna (elders) and (b) identify limitations and gaps to promote future research. Design: This systematic literature review focused on 29 studies. Findings: Native Hawaiians have the highest body mass index levels, highest daily energy (kilocalorie) intake, and lowest multivitamin use. They have the highest prevalence of diabetes and hypertension compared with Whites. Traditional Hawaiian diet programs and family support were beneficial to improving health and well-being. Conclusion: Future research of traditional Hawaiian diet programs and revitalization of the culture may lead to improving the health and well-being of Native Hawaiians.
Measuring Down
Authors: Gubrium Aline C. , Fiddian-Green Alice , Lowe Sarah , DiFulvio Gloria , Del Toro-Mejías Lizbeth
Published: May 2016

Digital storytelling (DST) engages participants in a group-based process to create and share narrative accounts of life events. We present key evaluation findings of a 2-year, mixed-methods study that focused on effects of participating in the DST process on young Puerto Rican Latina’s self-esteem, social support, empowerment, and sexual attitudes and behaviors. Quantitative results did not show significant changes in the expected outcomes. However, in our qualitative findings we identified several ways in which the DST made positive, health-bearing effects. We argue for the importance of “measuring down” to reflect the locally grounded, felt experiences of participants who engage in the process, as current quantitative scales do not “measure up” to accurately capture these effects. We end by suggesting the need to develop mixed-methods, culturally relevant, and sensitive evaluation tools that prioritize process effects as they inform intervention and health promotion.
From Hero of the Counterculture to Risk Assessment: A Consideration of Two Portrayals of the “Psychiatric Patient”
Authors: Cummins Ian
Published: May 2016

This article is based on a comparative thematic analysis of two novels that explore the experiences of institutional psychiatric care. Ken Kesey’s 1962 novel One Flew Over the Cuckoo’s Nest is a classic of modern U.S. literature. It is argued here that Kesey’s representation of the “psychiatric patient” as rebel was not only a reflection of some the changing societal attitudes in postwar America, but it also helped to shape them. The challenge to the asylum system was thus cast in terms of questions of the civil rights of a marginalized group. The main themes of the novel reflect those of protesters against the abuses of the asylum system—the poor physical conditions, the social isolation of the patients, poor physical care and abuse, and the use of ECT and psychosurgery. The rebellious spirit of Kesey’s work is contrasted with a recent novel—Nathan Filer’s 2012 award-winning The Shock of the Fall. In Filer’s work, the optimism and challenge to authority has dissipated to be replaced by a resigned fatalism reflecting the current crisis in mental health services.
Item Response Theory Analysis of the Anxiety and Mood Disorders in Clinic-Referred Children
Authors: Gomez Rapson , Vance Alasdair
Published: May 2016

There is evidence that the major anxiety and depressive disorders could reflect a single underlying internalization factor. For a group of 1,031 clinic-referred children, the study examined support for this factor, and used the two-parameter logistic model to examine the item response theory properties of the disorders in this factor. For the set of anxiety and depressive disorders, confirmatory factor analysis supported a one-factor model. The two-parameter logistic model analysis indicated that all the internalizing disorders in this factor were strong discriminators of the internalizing dimension. Also, they measured more of the internalizing dimension and with more precision in the upper half of the trait continuum. There was also support for the convergent validity of the internalizing dimension, in that it had large-to-medium effect size correlations with internalizing scores of other measures. The implications of the findings for clinical practice and clinical classification are discussed.
Components and Drivers of Long-term Risk Communication: Exploring the Within-Communicator, Relational, and Content Dimensions in the Swedish Forest Context
Authors: Eriksson Louise
Published: May 2016

Risk communication is important for a sustainable management of natural resources. Even though risk management is ideally ongoing, studies of long-term risk communication from the perspective of the communicator are lacking. This case study examined the preparation and implementation of forest risk communication in Sweden. Interviews were conducted with advisors at the Swedish Forest Agency, responsible for providing information to forest owners and professional foresters dealing with risks damaging the forest (e.g., storms and forest management damaging ecological values). The communicator’s perspective was analyzed based on a conceptual framework describing risk communication by means of the components: within-communicator, relational, and content. Potential drivers of the preparation and implementation of risk communication in this context, intersecting the three components, included the policy and regulatory framework, the management of the agency, the location of the agency, and the balancing of different interests.
Complexity: An interpretative phenomenological analysis of the experiences of mothers of deaf children with cochlear implants and autism
Authors: Zaidman-Zait Anat , Curle Deirdre
Published: May 2016

The purpose of this study was to explore the experiences of parenting a child with a dual diagnosis of childhood deafness and autism spectrum disorder who underwent cochlear implantation. Experiences of these parents are rarely discussed within the literature. Interpretive Phenomenological Analysis was used to examine nine mothers of boys (4–9 years old) for understanding their parenting experiences. Three superordinate themes were identified: complexity, personal and family sacrifices and parent–professional partnerships. These themes provide a rich account of mothers’ interpretations of their experiences, and reflect the numerous challenges they face. This study helps expand the literature on cochlear implantation for children with autism spectrum disorder, and discusses implications for clinical and educational practice.
The elasticity of reality and British support for the war in Afghanistan
Authors: Kriner Douglas , Wilson Graham
Published: May 2016

Building on recent efforts to bridge the elites/events dichotomy in the wartime opinion literature, we test the explanatory power of, and offer a theoretical extension to, the elasticity of reality hypothesis using the case of British support for the war in Afghanistan from 2001 through 2010. Marshaling an array of aggregate, individual-level and experimental survey data, as well as an original database of 2677 content-coded newspaper articles, we find evidence that the unshaken elite consensus behind the Afghan campaign failed to sustain strong support for war, even among the most politically engaged segments of the British public. However, we do find evidence that elites retained a measure of influence over citizens’ prospective attitudes about the war’s future conduct, even as they were unable to influence more general and retrospective assessments of Britain’s involvement in the conflict.

In stark contrast to theories of elite opinion leadership, a cross-partisan elite consensus failed to maintain strong public support among Britons for the war in Afghanistan.

We argue that elites are better able to influence the public’s prospective policy preferences for war, even when they cannot shape the public’s retrospective assessments.

Analyses of aggregate and individual-level public opinion data are consistent with our argument.

An original survey experiment confirms the capacity of British elites to influence public’s willingness to stay the course in Afghanistan.
Wearing body cameras increases assaults against officers and does not reduce police use of force: Results from a global multi-site experiment
Authors: Ariel Barak , Sutherland Alex , Henstock Darren , Young Josh , Drover Paul , Sykes Jayne , Megicks Simon , Henderson Ryan
Published: May 2016

Police use of force is at the forefront of public awareness in many countries. Body-worn videos (BWVs) have been proposed as a new way of reducing police use of force, as well as assaults against officers. To date, only a handful of peer-reviewed randomised trials have looked at the effectiveness of BWVs, primarily focusing on use of force and complaints. We sought to replicate these studies, adding assaults against police officers as an additional outcome. Using a prospective meta-analysis of multi-site, multi-national randomised controlled trials from 10 discrete tests with a total population of +2 million, and 2.2 million police officer-hours, we assess the effect of BWVs on the rates of (i) police use of force and (ii) assaults against officers. Averaged over 10 trials, BWVs had no effect on police use of force ( d = 0.021; SE = 0.056; 95% CI: –0.089–0.130), but led to an increased rate of assaults against officers wearing cameras (d = 0.176; SE = 0.058; 95% CI: 0.061–0.290). As there is evidence that cameras may increase the risk of assaults against officers, more attention should be paid to how these devices are implemented. Likewise, since other public-facing organisations are considering equipping their staff with BWVs (e.g. firefighters, private security, traffic wardens), the findings on risks associated with BWVs are transferrable to those occupations as well.
Building College Readiness: Exploring the Effectiveness of the UNC Academic Summer Bridge Program
Authors: Wachen John , Pretlow Joshua , Dixon Karrie G.
Published: May 2016

Many students enter college without the skills and knowledge needed to successfully perform college-level work. An important leverage point for increasing college readiness is the transition from high school to college. One strategy implemented at postsecondary institutions to ease this transition, boost academic and social readiness, and foster students’ academic momentum is the summer bridge program. The purpose of this study was to examine how summer bridge programs influence student persistence and completion. The study used propensity score analysis to examine the impact of five summer bridge programs operating in the UNC system from 2008 to 2014. The analyses showed a positive association between summer bridge participation and persistence to the second and third years. Participation in the program also increased the likelihood of graduating in 4 years. Additionally, we provide information on the costs of operating these programs.
Direct stroke unit admission of intravenous tissue plasminogen activator: safety, clinical outcome, and hospital cost savings
Authors: Alexandrov Anne W. , Coleman Kisha C. , Palazzo Paola , Shahripour Reza Bavarsad , Alexandrov Andrei V.
Published: May 2016

Background:

In the USA, stable intravenous tissue plasminogen activator (IV tPA) patients have traditionally been cared for in an intensive care unit (ICU). We examined the safety of using an acuity-adaptable stroke unit (SU) to manage IV tPA patients.

Methods:

We conducted an observational study of consecutive patients admitted to our acuity-adaptable SU over the first 3 years of operation. Safety was assessed by symptomatic intracerebral hemorrhage (sICH) rates, systemic hemorrhage (SH) rates, tPA-related deaths, and transfers from SU to ICU; cost savings and length of stay (LOS) were determined.

Results:

We admitted 333 IV tPA patients, of which 302 were admitted directly to the SU. A total of 31 (10%) patients had concurrent systemic hemodynamic or pulmonary compromise warranting direct ICU admission. There were no differences in admission National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale scores between SU and ICU patients (9.0 versus 9.5, respectively). Overall sICH rate was 3.3% ( n = 10) and SH rate was 2.9 ( n = 9), with no difference between SU and ICU patients. No tPA-related deaths occurred, and no SU patients required transfer to the ICU. Estimated hospital cost savings were US$362,400 for ‘avoided’ ICU days, and hospital LOS decreased significantly ( p = 0.001) from 9.8 ± 15.6 days (median 5) in year 1, to 5.2 ± 4.8 days (median 3) by year 3.

Conclusions:

IV tPA patients may be safely cared for in a SU when nurses undergo extensive education to ensure clinical competence. Use of the ICU solely for monitoring may constitute significant overuse of system resources at an expense that is not associated with additional safety benefit.
The Impact of High-Commitment HR Practices on Hotel Employees’ Proactive Customer Service Performance
Authors: Chen Mengyuan , Lyu Yijing , Li Yan , Zhou Xing , Li Weiwen
Published: May 2016

To explore the organizational antecedents of proactive customer service performance (PCSP), we developed and tested a multi-level model of the impact of high-commitment human resource (HR) practices on PCSP in the hospitality industry. Drawing on the proactive motivation model, the mediating roles of work-related self-efficacy, perceived organizational support, and harmonious passion for work are examined simultaneously in the relationship between high-commitment HR practices and PCSP. Using time-lagged data from 94 hotels in China, we found that high-commitment HR practices positively influenced service employees’ PCSP via work-related self-efficacy, perceived organizational support, and harmonious passion for work. We discuss the theoretical and managerial implications of this research and also give some suggestions on how to effectively adopt and implement high-commitment HR practices.
Development and preliminary validation of the Opioid Abuse Risk Screener
Authors: Henrie-Barrus Patricia , Averill Lynnette A , Sudweeks Richard R , Averill Christopher L , Mota Natalie
Published: May 2016

Prescription opioid drug abuse has reached epidemic proportions. Individuals with chronic pain represent a large population at considerable risk of abusing opioids. The Opioid Abuse Risk Screener was developed as a comprehensive self-administered measure of potential risk that includes a wide range of critical elements noted in the literature to be relevant to opioid risk. The creation, refinement, and preliminary modeling of the item pool, establishment of preliminary concurrent validity, and the determination of the factor structure are presented. The initial development and validation of the Opioid Abuse Risk Screener shows promise for effective risk stratification.
India’s States: The Struggle to Govern
Authors: Manor James
Published: May 2016

This article analyzes recent variations in governing strategies in different Indian states. Those variations mean that the ‘Indian state’, as citizens experience it, takes different forms in different states. Between 1989 and mid-2014, no single party could gain a parliamentary majority. That caused a major decentralization of power away from the once dominant Prime Minister’s Office—horizontally to other institutions at the national level, and vertically downward to governments at the state level. Ironically, that decentralization of power at the national level was accompanied by a marked centralization of power in the hands of chief ministers within many states. This is connected to a surge in state and central government revenues after 2003, and to India’s far from neoliberal economic order which leaves huge discretionary power in politicians’ hands. Various devices—legitimate and illicit—which chief ministers use to increase their influence and to survive in power are examined.
Clientelism and the Democratic Deficit
Authors: Elliott Carolyn
Published: May 2016

This article examines the usefulness of the theory of clientelism for understanding the politics of Andhra Pradesh (AP), where pressures to secure election funds as populations became more mobile led political leaders to seek centralized control over state resources and access to private funds. Innovative chief ministers sought new ways of relating to voters that undercut local leaders, leading to populist politics and a shift towards programmatic politics that provided individual benefits rather than collective benefits as under the prior system of patronage politics. These changes created a system that was more amenable to individual leadership but also more vulnerable when the leadership collapsed. The theory of clientelism provides a useful guide to the political and economic costs of this system, including the democratic deficit, but does not provide for voters’ innovative responses. The theory’s emphasis on transactional politics does not adequately address the continuing role of social groupings such as caste nor does it acknowledge the critical role of leadership in building and sustaining the system.
Paclitaxel, Ifosfamide, and Cisplatin Efficacy for First-Line Treatment of Patients With Intermediate- or Poor-Risk Germ Cell Tumors
Authors: Feldman Darren R. , Hu James , Dorff Tanya B. , Lim Kristina , Patil Sujata , Woo Kaitlin M. , Carousso Maryann , Hughes Amanda , Sheinfeld Joel , Bains Manjit , Daneshmand Siamak , Ketchens Charlene , Bajorin Dean F. , Bosl George J. , Quinn David I. , Motzer Robert J.
Published: May 2016

Purpose

Paclitaxel, ifosfamide, and cisplatin (TIP) achieved complete responses (CRs) in two thirds of patients with advanced germ cell tumors (GCTs) who relapsed after first-line chemotherapy with cisplatin and etoposide with or without bleomycin. We tested the efficacy of first-line TIP in patients with intermediate- or poor-risk disease.

Patients and Methods

In this prospective, multicenter, single-arm phase II trial, previously untreated patients with International Germ Cell Cancer Collaborative Group poor-risk or modified intermediate-risk GCTs received four cycles of TIP (paclitaxel 240 mg/m2 over 2 days, ifosfamide 6 g/m2 over 5 days with mesna support, and cisplatin 100 mg/m2 over 5 days) once every 3 weeks with granulocyte colony-stimulating factor support. The primary end point was the CR rate.

Results

Of the first 41 evaluable patients, 28 (68%) achieved a CR, meeting the primary efficacy end point. After additional accrual on an extension phase, total enrollment was 60 patients, including 40 (67%) with poor risk and 20 (33%) with intermediate risk. Thirty-eight (68%) of 56 evaluable patients achieved a CR and seven (13%) achieved partial responses with negative markers (PR-negative) for a favorable response rate of 80%. Five of seven achieving PR-negative status had seminoma and therefore did not undergo postchemotherapy resection of residual masses. Estimated 3-year progression-free survival and overall survival rates were 72% (poor risk, 63%; intermediate risk, 90%) and 91% (poor risk, 87%; intermediate risk, 100%), respectively. Grade 3 to 4 toxicities consisted primarily of reversible hematologic or electrolyte abnormalities, including neutropenic fever in 18%.

Conclusion

TIP demonstrated efficacy as first-line therapy for intermediate- and poor-risk GCTs with an acceptable safety profile. Given higher rates of favorable response, progression-free survival, and overall survival compared with prior first-line studies, TIP warrants further study in this population.
Introduction
Authors: Newbigin Eleanor , Shani Ornit , Legg Stephen
Published: May 2016

The essays in this special section make a significant intervention into debates about the evolution of democracy in South Asia by prompting us to rethink the role of constitutionalism in this process. They focus on three constitutional moments in early twentieth-century Indian history: the inauguration of dyarchy under the 1919 Government of India Act; the application of provincial autonomy under the 1935 Government of India Act; and the preparation of the draft roll for India's first general election, held shortly after the inauguration of the republican constitution in 1950. They show that, far from being the product of clear political settlement, these moments were shaped by historical contingency and, often, conflict. In so doing, the articles offer new ways of thinking about state institutions in this period, not as monolithic forces located outside society, but as complex sites of interaction that were continuously being reshaped both from within and without the official ranks of government administration. Together, they suggest that constitutionalism was a far more dynamic force in the shaping of India's transition to democracy than has been recognized hitherto.
Dyarchy
Authors: Legg Stephen
Published: May 2016

The 1919 Government of India Act devolved powers to the provinces and then divided these roles of government into reserved and transferred subjects, the latter of which would be administered by elected Indian ministers: the constitutional experiment known as dyarchy. Recent scholarship has been reassessing the local biopolitical potential unleashed by the 1919 act. In this article Legg revisits dyarchy at the national scale to show how this “All-India” revisioning of Indian sovereignty was actually negotiated in relation to its imperial and international outsides and the exigencies of retaining governmental control inside the provinces. Legg proposes a constitutional historical geography of dyarchy, focusing on three scales and the forms of comparison they allow, namely international and federal political geometries; autocratic geographies of exclusion and exception; and rival conceptions of time, sequentiality, and dyarchy's reconfigurations of democracy, biopolitics, and the vital mass of the people.
Introduction
Authors: Mamdani Mahmood
Published: May 2016

Mamdani introduces this Kitabkhana on Siba Grovogui's book Beyond Eurocentrism and Anarchy, which is presented for a broader discussion on the tenth anniversary of its publication. Grovogui presents a theoretical critique of IR theory, underlined by the assumption that contrasts “Europe alone as a site of reason” with “other cultures as violent,” thus setting up “Europe as a trustee” of human civilization. The darker side of European modernity, Grovogui argues, is the tendency to ignore the subjectivity of the rest; this “absence of critical comparative studies sustains Eurocentrism.” Against this backdrop, Grovogui presents decolonization as a confrontation with historicism. Grovogui's larger point is that the neglect of non-Western traditions hinders the capacity of theorists to envision different futures. To correct this bias, he presents the thought of three African activist scholars at a time when the French Republic had collapsed under the Nazi assault and the African colonized elite was in revolt, intellectually and politically. Mahmood's introduction is followed by an assessment of the Grovogui's book by a number of scholars.
The Making and Closing of Eurocentric International Law
Authors: Mignolo Walter D.
Published: May 2016

Mignolo's essay engages with Siba Grovogui's text Beyond Eurocentrism and Anarchy, focusing specifically on coloniality. Mignolo discusses how both modernity and coloniality engendered all kinds of reactions, from the violent anti-imperial to the more hopeful decolonial, from Waman Puma de Ayala in the sixteenth century to Frantz Fanon and the évolués in Algeria—Félix Eboué, Gabriel d'Arboussier, and Ouezzin Coulibaly—in the twentieth.
Postcolonial Reverberations
Authors: George Olakunle
Published: May 2016

George's essay responds to Siba Grovogui's book Beyond Eurocentrism and Anarchy. It discusses some implications deriving from Grovogui's critique of international relations discourse from the vantage point of postcolonial literary and cultural criticism. It also explores theoretical directions that the book opens up, specifically as these may enrich interdisciplinary conversations in African studies. Of particular concern is the possibility of moving beyond postcolonial theory's founding critique of area studies scholarship. Beyond theory's critique of the geopolitics of utilitarian knowledge production, George asks, how might Africanist literary studies reengage area studies in ways that enrich both disciplines without subordinating the priorities of postcolonial humanities scholarship?
An overview of mammalian pluripotency
Authors: Wu Jun , Yamauchi Takayoshi , Izpisua Belmonte Juan Carlos
Published: May 2016

Mammalian pluripotency is the ability to give rise to all somatic cells as well as the germ cells of an adult mammal. It is a unique feature of embryonic epiblast cells, existing only transiently, as cells pass through early developmental stages. By contrast, pluripotency can be captured and stabilized indefinitely in cell culture and can also be reactivated in differentiated cells via nuclear reprogramming. Pluripotent stem cells (PSCs) are the in vitro carriers of pluripotency and they can inhabit discrete pluripotent states depending on the stage at which they were derived and their culture conditions. Here, and in the accompanying poster, we provide a summary of mammalian pluripotency both in vivo and in vitro, and highlight recent and future applications of PSCs for basic and translational research.
The transcriptional repressor Blimp1 is expressed in rare luminal progenitors and is essential for mammary gland development
Authors: Ahmed Mohammed I. , Elias Salah , Mould Arne W. , Bikoff Elizabeth K. , Robertson Elizabeth J.
Published: May 2016

Mammary gland morphogenesis depends on a tight balance between cell proliferation, differentiation and apoptosis, to create a defined functional hierarchy within the epithelia. The limited availability of stem cell/progenitor markers has made it challenging to decipher lineage relationships. Here, we identify a rare subset of luminal progenitors that express the zinc finger transcriptional repressor Blimp1, and demonstrate that this subset of highly clonogenic luminal progenitors is required for mammary gland development. Conditional inactivation experiments using K14-Cre and WAPi-Cre deleter strains revealed essential functions at multiple developmental stages. Thus, Blimp1 regulates proliferation, apoptosis and alveolar cell maturation during puberty and pregnancy. Loss of Blimp1 disrupts epithelial architecture and lumen formation both in vivo and in three-dimensional (3D) primary cell cultures. Collectively, these results demonstrate that Blimp1 is required to maintain a highly proliferative luminal subset necessary for mammary gland development and homeostasis.
Effect of organic component nature on tribological properties of “bronze-aqueous solution of carboxylic acid-steel” system
Authors: Burlakova Victoriya E. , Novikova Anastasia A. , Kalinichenko Andrey A. , Drogan Ekaterina G.
Published: May 2016

The work objective is to study the effect of the alkanoic acids nature on the tribotechnical characteristics of the “bronze-aqueous solution of carboxylic acids-steel” friction system. The tribological tests are carried out on the end-type friction machine AE-5. The sedimentation analysis using the disc centrifuge CPS Disc Centrifuge Model DC24000 is carried out to determine the wear particle size. The surface roughness of the servovite film is determined with the aid of the atomic-force microscope PHYWE. The friction factor fall with increasing the strength of the acetic and glycolic acids, and its growth with the increase of the oxalic acid content in the lubricating medium is observed. When the acid concentration in the lubricant composition and in the oxalic-acetic-glycolic acid series is increasing, the wear factor of the friction couple decreases. With increase in the mean wear particle size in the glycolic-acetic-oxalic acid series, the friction rate increases. The servovite film being formed in the aqueous-glycolic environment on the steel disc surface contains oxygen. The oxygen percentage in the film depends on the specific surface of the nanostructured system.
Discharge-pulse compression of composite materials
Authors: Neskoromniy Stanislav V. , Lemeshev Sergey V. , Ageyev Stanislav O. , Strizhakov Evgeny L
Published: May 2016

Increasing the operational life of the cutting end of the metalworking tool through face-hardening with powdered materials is an urgent task. The emphasis is on the research results in the field of electric sintering of powder materials in combination with mechanical pressure. The following perspective methods of the powder materials consolidation are described: electropulse compression (EPC), electro-discharge sintering (EDS), and electric pulse sintering (EPS). The devices for dynamic loading of the powder compositions - pneumatic press, magnetic hammer -are analyzed. A compatible scheme of the pulse compression process implementation - sintering with an inductive-dynamic drive which allows synchronizing the thermal and mechanical effects on the powder composition - is submitted. The process parameters dependencies on the time when the duration of the current passage making a thermal impact does not exceed 200 ms are presented. The possibilities of the pulse process are described.
On applicability of Bayes' formula
Authors: Dolgov Alexander I.
Published: May 2016

Bayes' formula is the research subject. The work objective is to analyze the formula application and widen the scope of its applicability. The first-priority problem includes the identification of the Bayes' formula disadvantages based on the study of the relevant publications leading to incorrect results. The next task is to construct the Bayes' formula modifications to provide an accounting of various single indications to obtain correct results. And finally, the incorrect results obtained with the application of Bayes' formula are compared to the correct results calculated with the use of the proposed formula modifications by the example of the specific initial data. Two methods are used in studies. First, the analysis of the principles of constructing the known expressions used to record the Bayesian formula and its modifications is conducted. Secondly, a comparative evaluation of the results (including the quantitative one) is performed. The proposed modifications provide a wider application of Bayes' formula both in theory and practice including the solution of the applied problems.
On critical loads of compressed elastic rectangular plate with dislocations and disclinations
Authors: Peshkhoev Isa M.
Published: May 2016

A problem on critical loads of the compressed rectangular plate containing continuously distributed sources of inherent stress is considered. The task analysis is based on the modification of the Karman nonlinear equations system for large deflections of elastic plates with dislocations and disclinations under different boundary conditions. By the introduction of a replacement for the stress function, the problem reduces to the treatment of two tasks: a linear boundary value problem concerning the stress function caused by internal sources and a system of nonlinear equations concerning the deflection and the stress function caused by external compressive loads, which possesses a trivial solution. The classical critical load is defined as the smallest eigenvalue of the linear boundary value problem obtained by the linearization of the nonlinear equations system relative to the trivial solution. Four types of boundary conditions are treated: all edges are variably restrained; all edges are simply supported; two opposite edges are stress-free, and the other two are either variably restrained or simply supported. Uniformly distributed compressive loads are equal on the opposite edges. It is established that if the measure of inconsistency is odd on one variable and odd or even on another variable, then the stresses caused only by internal sources, do not lead to the loss of the flat equilibrium state and do not affect the critical values of compressive loads.
Synergetic approach to studying stability of form-building trajectories of climb milling by side edges of endmills (low cutting speed case)
Authors: Zakovorotny Vilor L. , Gubanova Alexandra A. , Lukyanov Alexander D.
Published: May 2016

Stability problems of the stationary trajectories of the tool elastic deformational displacement under the longitudinal endmilling are considered. In the moving coordinates which displacement is determined by the actuators motion, the stationary steady state is not an equilibrium point (as when turning), but some closed trajectory. The synergetic concept of the analysis of trajectories executed in two stages is used. At the first stage, the established stationary trajectories are calculated according to the offered technique. At the second stage, the stability of these trajectories is analyzed. A case, when the equation parameters in variations under the fixed trajectory can be considered constant within the system impulsive reaction, is considered. Features of the stationary trajectories formation are studied; conditions under which they converge to some steady trajectories are obtained. Besides, some general properties of the loss of balance are received. An example of analysis is cited, and recommendations for ensuring stability of a trajectory of the established form-building motions are given.
Research in domain of droplet impingement erosion of the power equipment: lookback study and context analysis
Authors: Varavka Valery N. , Kudryakov Oleg V. , Morozkin Igor S. , Zabiyaka Igor Y.
Published: May 2016

The main work objective is the creation of the scientific background for correct determination of a set of requirements to the fabrication material with a high-wearing feature under the droplet impingement erosion. A review of a backward and present state of the art of the national and foreign investigations in the field of the droplet impingement erosion of metal materials is carried out. The main outcome is as follows: insufficient fundamentality of research in this area; limitation of the used theoretical models; one-sided approach of many authors to the phenomenon that combines a whole set of factors of different physical nature. On this background, the author's concept of the erosive wear process of metal under the influence of two-phase mist flow is presented. Particular attention is paid to a new scientific hypothesis of the active hydrogen effect on the fracture of metal under the hypervelocity dropwise collisions.
Braking mode simulation of induction motor of variable-frequency drive using stator current harmonics **
Authors: Karnaukhov Nikolay F. , Filimonov Maxim N. , Statovoy Dmitry A. , Bonilla FelixVenegas V.
Published: May 2016

The work objective is to study electrodynamic processes in the frequency-controlled drive (FCD) by the mathematical modeling method, in particular, in the two-current mode of the dynamic braking considering the 5th and 7th current harmonics of the induction motor (IM) stator. The features of forming IM stator current low frequencies (0.2-15 Hz) by the autonomous voltage inverter (AVI) followed by the additional electricity loss in the FCD, and the appearance of torque ripple on the IM shaft causing jerkiness of the actuating mechanism (AM) of the production machine (PM) executive device (ED) in the low speed zone and complicating their locating in the prearranged position, are given. It is hard to implement the FCD scheduled deceleration without trajectory correction at the friction forces ambiguity in the ED AM mobility links and availability of the torque ripple on the IM shaft. To solve this problem, the authors offer, first, to use a spatial-vector pulse-width modulation (SV PWM) with m-fold submodulation of the carrier frequency (CF) and without submodulation in the IM braking mode. Secondly, it is reasonable to apply (momentarily in a low speed area) the principle of linearization by oscillation to reduce the K friction coefficient to a decreased value in the ED AM mobility links by the IM rotor microvibration due to the 5th and 7th harmonics of the stator current. Thus, the work on modeling FCD (in Matlab + Simulink software package) allows more accurately define the impact of the 5th and 7th harmonics of the IM stator current on the capability of the software implementation of the two-current mode of the FCD dynamic braking while reducing the total energy loss in the ED AM low-speed motion area. In addition, the applicability of the proposed solutions of the electric drives of mechatronic and robotic multipurpose systems with higher requirements for positioning in the basic AM - AVI circuits is confirmed.
Strengthening of hot-worked powder steels
Authors: Yegorov Maxim S. , Yegorova Rimma V. , Pustovoyt Victor N.
Published: May 2016

The work objective is to study the fundamental processes of forming hot-worked powder steels (HWPS) and bonding the particulate material on the existing and newly formed contact surfaces. The role of splicing is particularly great in the process of manufacturing materials under the strained conditions. Evidently, whatever the structure in the amount of the material surrounded by the former powder particle surface, the powder material properties will be determined not by the morphological structural features, but by the splice quality up to a defined level of splicing. Therefore, the study of interparticle splicing in the formation of HWPS is a crucial task of the materials technology. Thus, further processing of hot pressurized powder steels can be offered not only for forming, but to improve their mechanical properties as well.