bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
CAPM, Dominancias Estocásticas & Diversificación
Authors: Naula-Sigua Freddy Benjamín , Arévalo-Quishpi Diana Jackeline , Loyola-Ochoa Diego Mauricio
Published: December 2020

El artículo expone de forma aplicativa a la teoría de diversificación del portafolio, cuyos cimientos se trasladan a Markowitz (1952). Acorde a esto, inicialmente se expusieron a grandes rasgos las bases de Capital Asset Pricing Model (CAPM), así como de la diversificación.  Además, se explican ideas como las de dominancia estocástica, de primer orden; y, dominancia estocástica, de segundo orden, que plantean una forma alternativa y previa de evaluación de las opciones de inversión. Se utilizan cuatro acciones en el presente estudio, las cuales, pertenecen a: Banco de Chile (BCH), Banco Santander (BSANTANDER), Parque Arauco (PARAUCO) y Falabella (FALABELLA); estas acciones pertenecen a la Bolsa de Comercio de Santiago, Chile. Los resultados, respecto a CAPM, muestran que la mayoría se comporta en forma similar a como lo hace el mercado; es decir, tienen un beta cercana a 1. El análisis de Dominancias no permitió establecer Dominancia Estocástica de Primer Orden, no obstante, sí Dominancia Estocástica de Segundo Orden; FALABELLA domina estocásticamente en segundo a tanto a PARAUCO como BSANTANDER. Finalmente, se encontró un portafolio óptimo compuesto por las cuatro acciones; a pesar de que se permiten ventas cortas, la composición del portafolio óptimo no muestra acciones con proporciones negativas. Esta técnica serviría muy bien para valoración de diferentes proyectos, reemplazando los rendimientos de las acciones por los de los proyectos.Palabras clave: CAPM, Diversificación, Finanzas, Markowitz, Portafolio Óptimo.

ABSTRACThe article introduces the reader in applicative way to the theory of portfolio diversification, the foundations of which were transferred to Markowitz in 1952. According to this, initially they were exposed to great features the CAPM (Capital Asset Pricing Model) and diversification foundations. In addition, ideas such as the first-order stochastic dominance and the second-order stochastic dominance were explained, as one previous and alternative way of evaluating investment options. Four actions were used in this study, they all belong to: Banco de Chile (BCH), Banco Santander (BSANTANDER), Parque Arauco (PARAUCO) and Falabella (FALABELLA); These shares belong to the Santiago Stock Exchange, Chile. The results, with respect to CAPM, showed that the majority behave similarly to how does the market; that is to say, they have a beta around 1. Dominance analysis does not allow you to establish the First-Order Stochastic Dominance, however yes second-Order Stochastic Dominance; FALABELLA dominates stochastically in second order, to both PARAUCO and BSANTANDER. Finally, an optimal portfolio was found, consisting of the four stocks; Although short sales are allowed, the optimal portfolio composition does not show stocks with negative proportions. This technique would be very useful for evaluating different projects, replacing the returns of the shares for those of the projects.
Estimación de la elasticidad de la demanda de banano fresco en Estados Unidos
Authors: León-Cando María Priscila , Tonon-Ordóñez  Luis Bernardo
Published: December 2020

Debido a la importancia del banano en la economía ecuatoriana, es imprescindible analizar la demanda del principal mercado de banano fresco del mundo, Estados Unidos, así como estimar sus elasticidades, precio y renta de la demanda; y, analizar la relación del banano con otras frutas en este mercado. Para la estimación, se utilizó el método de Mínimos Cuadrados Ordinarios. Se determinó que, en este mercado con potencial de crecimiento, el banano es un bien inelástico y normal. El periodo analizado fue de 2001 a 2016.Palabras clave: Banano, Estados Unidos, Estimación demanda, Elasticidad precio, Elasticidad renta.

Abstract.

ue to the importance of banana in the Ecuadorian economy, is essential to analyze the demand of the world’s principal fresh banana market, United States, as well as estimate its price and income elasticities, and analyze the relationship of bananas with other fruits in this market. The Ordinary Minimum Squares Method was used for the estimation. It was determinated that in this market with potencial growth, bananas are inelastic, and considered a normal good. The period analyzed was from 2001 to 2016. Keywords: Banana, United States, Demand estimation, Price Elasticity, Income Elasticity
VALORACIÓN Y RIESGO CREDITICIO EN EL ECUADOR
Authors: Proaño-Rivera Bladimir
Published: December 2020

El ejercicio de valorar el riesgo crediticio en el Ecuador implica una ardua tarea, tanto por la calidad de la información que presentan los sujetos de crédito, cuanto por la inexistencia de reglas fijas al momento de la concesión. En este sentido el presente trabajo pretende exponer el funcionamiento del sistema financiero, particularmente el análisis del riesgo crediticio, posteriormente, se pretende analizar cómo los bancos evalúan a los sujetos de crédito, qué metodologías de análisis utilizan para otorgar créditos y qué indicadores de medición esgrimen para calcular las probabilidades de incumplimiento y las pérdidas potenciales del capital.Palabras clave: Estados financieros, decisiones financieras, análisis de riesgo, análisis de crédito AbstractThe exercise of assessing credit risk in Ecuador entails an arduous task, both for the quality of the information presented by credit subjects, as for the absence of fixed rules at the time of the grant. In this sense, this paper aims to explain the operation of the financial system, particularly the credit risk analysis. Subsequently, its purpose is to analyze how banks assess credit subjects, what analysis methodologies are used to grant loans and what measurement indicators are applied to calculate the default probability and the potential capital loss.Keywords: Financial Statements, Financial Decisions, Risk Analysis, Credit Analysis
Determinantes del trabajo infantil en la provincia del Azuay
Authors: Mejía-Matute Silvia , Velásquez-Cedeño Karen , Zhimnay Verónica
Published: December 2020

Esta es una investigación socioeconómica que se enfoca en la problemática del trabajo infantil, precisamente aborda desde cuando la sociedad y el estado evidencian como un problema la presencia de niños y niñas en el mercado laboral. Si son los determinantes del trabajo infantil en la Provincia del Azuay, los aspectos demográficos, económicos y culturales los que inciden, entonces, ¿cómo cada factor relacionado con la niñez y su familia contribuye para que persista esta problemática? Esta investigación se realizó con entrevistas a profundidad, grupos focales y la aplicación de un modelo econométrico que utiliza la información de la Encuesta Nacional de Niñez y de Empleo, 2012. Su objetivo es: Mostrar cómo posiciones sociales diferentes como la residencia entre el campo y la ciudad llevan a inequidades sociales, que son abordadas con políticas sociales de igualdad de oportunidades; pero un niño que vive en el campo no puede competir en igualdad de oportunidades con otro niño que vive en la ciudad. Estas situaciones deben mostrarse para que la política pública pueda ser más efectiva y no sólo vista como un gasto público.Palabras claveIgualdad de oportunidades, igualdad de posición, niñez, trabajo infantil.

AbstractThis is a socioeconomic research that focuses on the problem of child labor, addressing precisely from when the society and the state evidenced as a problem with the presence of children in the labor market. If they are the determinants of child labor in the province of Azuay, the demographic, economic and cultural aspects that affect, then, how does each factor related to childhood and family for the persistence of this problem? This research was carried out with in-depth interviews, focus groups and the application of an economic model that uses the information from the National Survey of Children and Employment, 2012. Objectives: To show the different social positions as the residence between the countryside and the city entail social inequities that are confronted with social conditions of equal opportunities, but a child who lives in the countryside can not compete on equal opportunities with another child who lives in the city. Then these situations must be shown so that public policy can be more effective and not only seen as a public expense.KeywordsChildhood, child labor, equal opportunities, equal position.
Estudio para determinar el mercado potencial del vinagre de frutas naturales: Aplicación en el Ecuador
Authors: Teneda-Llerena William Fabián , Milla-Toro Sindy Orieta
Published: December 2020

El trabajo de investigación tiene como objetivo determinar las características del mercado potencial del vinagre de frutas en el Ecuador, en la zona 3, provincias de Tungurahua, Cotopaxi Chimborazo y Pastaza en el Ecuador y establecer la factibilidad de creación de una empresa para generar valor agregado mediante la transformación de frutas producidas en la provincia de Tungurahua, como la manzana (Malus domestica), claudia (Prunus domestica), mora (Rubus glaucus Benth) y tomate de árbol (Solanum betaceum) y que actualmente no tienen un proceso industrial. Se realiza un estudio documental, descriptivo y empírico. Para el estudio de la demanda se aplica una encuesta a 383 personas; y para la oferta, a los productores. En la investigación se concluye que en el mercado local existe limitada producción de vinagre y el mismo es importado en grandes cantidades y ofrecido en el mercado ecuatoriano con aditamentos que permiten disfrutar el sabor a frutas en el vinagre, mientras que el vinagre obtenido de frutas se ofrece en pequeñas cantidades. Se realizó un análisis económico y financiero para determinar si el proyecto es factible y genera rentabilidad. Palabras clave: Malus domestica, Prunus domestica, Residuos agroindustriales. Rubus glaucus Benth, Solanum betaceum, vinagre.

SummaryThe objective of the research work is to determine the characteristics of the potential market for fruit vinegar in Ecuador in Zone 3 provinces of Tungurahua, Cotopaxi Chimborazo and Pastaza in Ecuador and establish the feasibility of creating a company to generate added value by transforming fruits produced in the province of Tungurahua, such as apple (Malus domestica), claudia (Prunus domestica), blackberry (Rubus glaucus Benth) and tree tomato (Solanum betaceum) and that currently do not have an industrial process. A documentary, descriptive and empirical study is carried out, for the study of the demand a survey is applied to 383 people and for the offer to the producers. The investigation concludes that in the local market there is limited production of vinegar and it is imported in large quantities and offered in the Ecuadorian market with additives that allow to enjoy the fruit flavor in the vinegar, while the vinegar obtained from fruits is offer in small quantities. An economic and financial analysis was carried out to determine if the project is feasible and generates profitability.Key words Malus domestica, Prunus domestica, Agroindustrial waste, Rubus glaucus Benth, Solanum betaceum, vinegar.
Autologous adipose tissue (lipofilling) in treatment of linear scleroderma (literature review)
Authors: Misbakhova A. R. , Manturova N. E. , Murashkin N. N. , Stenko A. G.
Published: December 2020

Autologous fat is a biological substance that attracting increased scientific interest. Autologous fat considered as ideal filler due to its biocompatibility without risk of an allergic reaction or rejection. Likewise, this substance could be obtained easily, and costs are relatively low. Therapeutic indications for use fat grafting appear day by day, as it is recognized as an effective, reliable methodology and enhancing of areas and pathologies of application in medical specialties. The analysis results show that autologous fat transplantation gives a possibility to compensate for aesthetic and functional signs caused by facial scleroderma.
Choice of first-line genetically engineered biological drugs for moderate and severe psoriasis in patients with comorbid pathology
Authors: Kruglova L. S. , Hotko A. A.
Published: December 2020

The study of immunopathogenesis has led to the development of new methods of therapy for moderate-to-severe psoriasis. Tumor necrosis factor inhibitors, blockers of IL‑17, IL‑12/-23, IL‑23 are integrated into the therapy regimens for common forms of psoriasis. The results of clinical studies and real practice have shown high efficacy and a good safety profile of biological agents in psoriasis, however, the issues of differentiated use, including depending on comorbid pathology, require further study. Clinical decision-making should be carried out taking into account the most rational approach, as well as taking into account the advantages and limitations of the use of genetically engineered drugs. This article discusses recommendations regarding the choice of first-line biological therapy for patients with psoriasis and various comorbidities and patient-related factors. In addition, the article presents data on the efficacy and safety of using the original IL‑17 inhibitor netakimab in patients with psoriasis and comorbid pathology.
Effect of combined phototherapy and regulatory polypeptide selank on cytokine blood profile of patients with atopic dermatitis
Authors: Dontsova E. V. , Novikova L. A. , Borzunova L. N. , Voron’kova N. A.
Published: December 2020

Aim. To evaluate the effectiveness of complex therapy using the regulatory polypeptide selank and combined narrow-band medium-wave and wide-band long-wave ultraviolet (UV) radiation in the correction of the cytokine blood profile and immunoglobulin E (IgE) level in patients with atopic dermatitis (AD).

Material and methods. In a group of 124 patients with medium-heavy AD (61 men, 63 women; average age 23.7 ± 6.06 years), a comparative analysis of the effect of therapy on the interleukins (IL) -1β,-4,-10,-13, immunoglobulin E (IgE) blood levels was performed. We compared the results of basic drug treatment (BT), additional prescription of selank (S), combined UV phototherapy (CFT) in the range of 311 nm and 320–400 nm, as well as complex therapy (S + CFT + BT).

Results. The immune status of AD patients is characterized by high blood levels of IL‑1β,-4,-10,-13 and IgE in comparison with healthy individuals. Standard drug therapy had the least effect on the cytokine profile and level IgE blood of patients. The use of selank increases the anti-inflammatory effect of BT. The regulatory effect on cytokine activity and level IgE is even more significantly enhanced with the use of CFT. The most pronounced immunocorrective effect was demonstrated by complex therapy with the use of combined UV radiation techniques and selank.

Conclusions. The use of a combined narrow-band medium-wave (311 nm) and wide-band long-wave (320–400 nm) UV radiation and regulatory polypeptide drug (selank) causes the most pronounced positive effect on the cytokine blood profile and IgE level in patients with AD, which indicates a greater anti-inflammatory activity of this treatment method (p < 0.001) compared to the monotherapy groups and basic therapy (p < 0.001).
Issues of switching therapy when effect of biological genetically engineered drugs escapes
Authors: Kruglova L. S. , Hotko A. A. , Pomazanova M. Yu.
Published: December 2020

The escape effect or secondary ineffectiveness of genetically engineered bio-drugs GEBD determines the change in patient management tactics, including switching to another genetically engineered drug. In clinical practice, this is a rather difficult task, which primarily concerns the choice of the next drug. The solution to the problem of secondary inefficiency can be achieved, for example, by switching to a GIBP with a different mechanism of action. In the VOYAGE 1, 73% of patients who did not respond to 48 weeks of adalimumab therapy achieved a PASI response of 90 by the 100th weeks after switching to guselkumab therapy. In the VOYAGE 2 study, 75 and 43% of patients achieved PASI 90 and 100 at week 100 after switching to gumelkumab therapy from adalimumab with failure at 28 weeks. In the NAVIGATE study, the increase in efficacy in patients with an insufficient response to ustekinumab when switching to guselcumab therapy was 27% (p < 0.001) when assessing the proportion of patients who achieved PASI 90 by 52nd weeks of therapy. Thus, the data of clinical trials make it possible to recommend guselkumab as the drug of choice in the case of the “escape” effect or insufficient effectiveness of GEBDs of other classes. The experience of using guselkumab in real clinical practice has shown its high efficiency in patients with the «escape effect» of anti-TNF-α and anti-IL‑17 drugs.
Efficacy of combined use of low-dose isotretinoin and phototherapy in patients with different subtypes of rosacea
Authors: Matushevskaya Yu. I. , Agafonova E. V.
Published: December 2020

Material and methods. 73 patients with different subtypes of rosacea were under observation on an outpatient basis. To study the effectiveness of the combined method of treatment, all patients, depending on the therapy used by the method of simple randomization, were divided into 2 groups, within the groups into 3 subgroups, depending on the subtype of rosacea. Patients of the 1st group received monotherapy with isotretinoin at a dose of 8 mg per day in a daily regimen for three months, then in a regimen every other day for another 3 months. Patients in group 2 received combined therapy with isotretinoin in combination with phototherapy with broadband incoherent light (wavelength 440–950 nm) once every two weeks, a course of 4–6 procedures. Patients of all groups used specialized dermatological cosmetics throughout the study period.

Research results. The developed combined method, regardless of the subtype of rosacea, is more effective than monotherapy with isotretinoin: with ETPR, the total DISHS index decreased by 91.2%; with PPPR by 89.6%; with a combination of subtypes by 93.8% versus 41.6%, 53.4% and 54.0% in group 1, respectively.

Conclusion. The developed combined method contributes to a more pronounced improvement in the quality of life compared to monotherapy: the DIKI index in group 2 with ETPR decreased by 70.5%, with PPPD by 88.5%, with a combination of subtypes by 95.0%, while in 1 group by 36.3%, 72.4% and 73.8%, respectively.
Apparatus methods in complex treatment of patients with atrophic scars
Authors: Talybova A. M. , Stenko A. G.
Published: December 2020

Atrophic scars are a common pathology that can have a negative impact on the patient’s quality of life. Methods for correcting atrophic scars include chemical peels, dermabrasion, ablative or non-ablative laser resurfacing, filler insertion, and surgical techniques. Depending on the type and severity of the scar, an individual approach is required to obtain satisfactory results. Material and methods. The study included 32 patients with atrophic scars. Depending on the therapy, the patients were divided into two groups in which they received microneedle radiofrequency therapy or fractional photothermolysis. The effectiveness of the methods of therapy was assessed using laser doppler fluometry and ultrasound scanning. Research results. The RF microneedle method and fractional photothermolysis have a positive effect on the epidermal-dermal structure of the skin, which is expressed in the approximation of the acoustic density and thickness of the epidermis and dermis to normal values, and also improve microcirculation. When analyzing the results of correction of atrophic scars, more pronounced positive dynamics was observed after the application of RF microneedles.
Method of phoresis in prevention and treatment of hyperpigmentation: theoretical and practical aspects of application
Authors: Ikonnikova E. V. , Avagumyan M. A.
Published: December 2020

Physiotherapy methods of treatment are widely used in modern cosmetology. High tolerance and safety, combined with the absence of skin injuries, make it possible to include this method in the combined protocols for the prevention and treatment of age-related skin changes and aesthetic deficiencies, including hyperpigmentation. The review provides a detailed description of the milling method, as well as its mechanism of action and application features. This article is of interest to practicing dermatologists, cosmetologists and physiotherapists.
The Effect Javanese Chili Extract (Piper Retrofractum Vahl) Administration On The Increase Of Albino Male Mice Libido
Authors: Erjon Erjon , Sriwahyuni Yenni , Lely Nilda , Sari Ema Ratna
Published: December 2020

Libido is a sexual desire that is an important part of adult human life. The main active compound of Javanese chili is piperine. Javanese chili is reported to cause increased libido. The study aimed to evaluate the effect of administration Javanese chili extract (Piper retrofractum Vahl) to increase libido in albino male mice. The doses of Javanese chili extract used is 50 mg/kgbw; 100 mg/kgbw; and 200 mg/kg bw given as a single dose for 9 days. The parameters observed were kissing, mounting latency, and mounting frequency of albino male mice. The results showed that the administration of Javanese chili extract at doses of 50 mg/kgbw, 100 mg/kgbw, and 200 mg/kgbw showed faster kissing and mounting latency and higher mounting frequency and significantly different (p<0,05) compared to the control group. Increasing the dose of Javanese chili fruit extract gave a very strong correlation to the reduction in kissing and mounting latency (r = -0,951 and r = -0,933), and increased mounting frequency (r = 0,892). From the research results, it can be concluded that the administration of Javanese chili fruit extract can increase the libido of albino male mice and the increase in the dose of Javanese chili extract gives a very strong correlation to the increase in the libido of albino male mice.
Solar System Wave Function
Authors: Soltani Abolfazl
Published: December 2020

Pluto, Ceres and all planets of Solar system except Neptune, with a high approximation, follow a rule called Titius-Bode rule or Bode rule, which can by no means be considered as a stochastic event. This rule shows that the distance of planets from the sun in Solar system is regulated. Here, I prove that the existence of a standing and cosine wave packet, with the wavelength λ = 0.6 AU (AU represents the distance of Earth from the Sun) and the phase constant ∅=π/6, in solar system is the reason for Bode rule. And moreover, I prove that this huge wave packet belongs to the sun. Bode rule does not predict the distance of Neptune from the Sun but, this article is able to give us the distance of Neptune. Based on this article, Quantum mechanics and Astronomy will enter into a new stage.
Improving diagnostics of periodontal diseases in children with connective tissue dysplasia based on X-ray morphometric and densitometric data
Authors: Davydov B. N. , Domenyuk D. A. , Dmitrienko S. V. , Kondratyeva T. A. , Harutyunyan Yu. S.
Published: December 2020

Relevance. Detection of maxillofacial pathomorphological changes in children with connective tissue dysplasia (CTD) allows identifying the nature and severity of disorders, as well as it serves the basis for selecting the best treatment options in view of the pathogenetic features. The purpose is to improve the diagnosis of periodontal diseases in children with CTD based on x-ray morphometric indices of the lower jaw and peripheral skeleton ultrasound osteodensitometry.

Materials and methods. 92 children with varying CTD severity, and 43 healthy children, underwent cone-beam computed tomogram examination with a further analysis of their X-ray morphometric (quantitative, qualitative) values and the lower jaw optical density indices. Besides, the status of the peripheral skeleton bone tissue was also determined through quantitative ultrasonic densitometry.

Results. Quantitative X-ray morphometric indices in healthy children and children with CTD revealed strong positive correlation with the Z-criterion of osteodensitometry, offering an objective reflection of the bone tissue status in the peripheral skeleton.

Conclusion. CTD progression in children correlates with the bone structure destruction intensity in the maxillofacial area, an increase in chronic productive inflammation, a decrease in the bone density, bone tissue fibrous transformation, a decrease in the thickness of cortical, and fiber-dissociation in closing, plates, of the lower jaw, prevalence of mid- and fine-meshed bone pattern, disturbed spatial orientation and thinning of bone trabeculae, as well as the development of pathologies in the periodontium.
β-defensins and the inflammatory periodontal diseases: a systematic review
Authors: Tikhomirova E. A. , Slazhneva E. S. , Atrushkevich V. G.
Published: December 2020

Relevance. The steady increase in the number of inflammatory periodontal diseases (IPD) requires the search for new methods of their diagnosis, treatment and prevention. A large number of antimicrobial peptides are expressed in the oral cavity, including β-defensins, which form the first line of defense against periodontal pathogens. A more detailed study of these proteins will help us to answer the question: why this protective barrier breaks through and may we use β-defensins as markers of IPD. The aim is to study information about the role of β-defensins in the pathogenesis of IBD and to evaluate the possibility of their use as biomarkers of these diseases.

Materials and methods. Using search systems as PubMed, Google Search and eLIBRARY were found 2106 articles published between 2003 and 2020 years. According to the inclusion and non-inclusion criteria, 39 publications were selected, including in vivo, in vitro and review articles. This review presents data from the selected articles.

Results. β-defensins have antimicrobial activity against periodontal pathogens, but these bacteria can change the expression of the antimicrobial peptides or can be the cause of their destruction due to virulence factors. In addition, the concentration of β-defensins may be affected by the cytokines, synthesized during inflammation in periodontal tissues. Compared with individuals without IPD the patients with chronic generalized gingivitis, aggressive and chronic generalized periodontitis most often have changes in the expression of β-defensins both up and down, which also depends on the stage of the inflammatory process.

Conclusion. β-defensins play an important role in the antimicrobial protection of periodontal tissues from the introduction of periodontal pathogens and can be used as markers of IBD. However evaluating the concentration of defensins in the oral fluid, it is necessary to take into account concomitant factors: the presence of periodontal pathogens, the presence of certain cytokines, the stage of the disease, the presence of concomitant pathology and the genetic aspect.
PD-L1 and survival in oral cavity squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Kutukova S. I. , Beliak N. P. , Raskin G. A. , Mukhina M. S. , Ivaskova Yu. V. , Razumova A. Ya.
Published: December 2020

Relevance. Prognostic value of PD-L1 expression in oral cavity squamous cell carcinoma (OCSCC) and its effect on survival is still controversial. It should be to determine the prognostic role of PD-L1 expression on tumor and immune cells of OCSCC and assess their effect on overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS).

Materials and methods. A prospective study included 145 patients, first diagnosed with OCSCC. PD-L1 expression on tumor and immune cells, infiltrating tumor and its microenvironment, was assessed in all tumor samples by IHC, CPS was calculated. Cut-off values were determined by ROC analysis for identification of PD-L1 expression effect on OS and PFS.

Results. Most patients with oral mucosa squamous cell carcinoma showed positive expression of PD-L1 on tumor (77.2%) and immune cells (92.4%). The median PD-L1 expression on tumor cells was 13.5% [1.0-40.0], the median PD-L1 expression on immune cells was 5.0% [1.0-11.0], and the median CPS – 18.0 [3.0-7.8]. Univariate and multivariate analyses revealed a significant negative effect of PD-L1 expression on immune cells ≤ 7% on OS (HR 0.66; 95% CI 0.45-0.93; p = 0.0498); PD-L1 expression in tumor cells ≤ 15% (HR 0.65; 95% CI 0.43-0.98; p = 0.0416) and CPS ≤ 21 (HR 0.62; 95% CI 0.44-0.92; p = 0.0183) for PFS. PD-L1 expression in tumor cells ≤ 6% (HR 0.71; 95% CI 0.47-1.08; p = 0.1096) and CPS ≤ 7 (RR 0.67; 95% CI 0.44-1.01; p = 0.0575) had a confident tendency to negative impact on OS.

Conclusion. Positive PD-L1 expression in tumor and immune cells as well as CPS are effective additional factors in the prognosis of the disease course, OS and PFS in patients with OCSCC.
Diagnostic information content of indicators of cytokine profile of gingival fluid in pregnant women with iron deficiency anemia
Authors: Yakovlev A. T. , Danilina T. F. , Mikhalchenko V. F.
Published: December 2020

Relevance. Modern literature and clinical dental practice do not provide enough information about the value of local immunity parameters for early diagnosis of inflammatory periodontal diseases in pregnant women with iron deficiency anemia. Conventional anti-inflammatory medications used to treat inflammatory periodontal disease are frequently contraindicated during pregnancy. It is important to make a reasonable choice of safe medications, prevention methods, and treatment at early stages of inflammatory periodontal diseases in pregnant women with iron deficiency anemia. The aim of the present study is to determine informative cytokine levels in gingival fluid for early diagnosis of inflammatory periodontal disease and evaluation of effectiveness of “Lysobact” medication in pregnant women with iron deficiency anemia (IDA).

Materials and methods. Cytokine levels (IL-8, IL-10; IgA, IgG) in gingival crevicular fluid were investigated in 46 pregnant women aged 18-35: among them 16 (n = 16) had mild IDA (D50), 15 (n = 15) didn't have IDA, 15 (n = 15) were non-pregnant controls. «Lysobact» (Reg. #ПN0179/01-2002) was used in pregnant women with IDA; conventional antiinflammatory therapy was used to treat pregnant women without IDA, before and after drug therapy (8-10 days) according to clinical examinations.

Results. There was determined diagnostic value of cytokine levels (IgA, IgG; IL-8, IL-10) that are of great importance for early diagnosis, evaluation of the course of the disease and effectiveness of “Lysobact” immunomodulating drug, and that significantly increase in pregnant women with IDA (IL-10 from 0.010 [1.790] to 3.050 [8.550] ng/ml) versus pregnant women without IDA (from 0.001 [1.259] to 2.900 [18.640] ng/ml) in comparison with controls (4.5 [1.13] ng/ml).

Conclusion. Clinical laboratory results in pregnant women with inflammatory periodontal disease allowed to determine diagnostic value of gingival crevicular fluid parameters (sIgA, IgG; IL-8, IL-10) that are related to clinical periodontal index levels, and are informative non-invasive method and are of practical importance for early diagnosis of inflammatory periodontal disease and effectiveness of “Lysobact” drug in pregnant women with iron deficiency anemia.
The state of microcirculation and identification of microcirculatory predictors of chronic pain in younger patients with functional disorders of the masticatory system affected by connective tissue dysplasia
Authors: Statovskaya E. Е.
Published: December 2020

Relevance. Occlusal splints, made for the patients with temporomandibular disorders (TMD), influence proprioceptive sensitivity, sensory characteristics of pain, parameters of microcirculation of the pulp and periodontium of the healthy teeth. Condition of the pulp and periodontium of the healthy teeth should be assessed in patients with TMD associated with connective tissue dysplasia (CTD).

Materials and methods. The study examined 36 TMD patients aged 26.3 ± 1.3 лет (М ± m) with CTD (n = 20, main group) and without CTD (n = 16, control group); with natural teeth, without complaints of TMD, masticatory muscles and periodontal condition. Laser doppler flowmetry (LDF) helped to analyze blood flow parameters in the periodontium and pulp of the healthy teeth. Received results were statistically analyzed.

Results. Wavelet analysis revealed different microcirculatory flowmotion: high-amplitude irregular type was in patients of the main group, low-amplitude regular type was in controls. In the main group, perfusion is supported by high values of flux and vasomotion, ergotropic sympathetic effects (controlled by catecholamines) prevail, myogenic tone is reduced, elevated microvascular tone reflects possible changes in rheologic blood properties, microcirculatory signs of pain syndrome and relatively elevated ischemic index in pulp microcirculation of healthy teeth.

Conclusion. Sensory and regulatory mechanisms, reflected by the condition of periodontium and pulp blood flow, can be regarded as early signs of inflammation and chronic pain in the diagnosis of TMD in patients without complaints.
Hemomicrocirculation of tissues around dental implants: clinical and functional parallels
Authors: Makedonova Yu. A. , Mikhalchenko D. V. , Dyachenko D. Yu. , Veremeenko S. A.
Published: December 2020

Relevance. Psychoemotional stress is referred to as a disease of civilizations. When the psychophysiological state of a person is disturbed, all resources are directed to compensating for the pathological situation. With depletion and the development of adaptive capabilities, various disorders of microhemodynamics arise.

Materials and methods. In this article, psychoemotional stress is considered as a pathogenic factor in the development of post-prosthetic complications at a dental appointment. Using laser Doppler flowmetry, a comparative analysis of microcirculatory changes in the oral cavity in patients with inflammation of the peri-implant tissue was carried out.

Results. Previously, all people had a violation of the psychophysiological state. The control group consisted of healthy people. It is proved that in the comparison group microcirculatory changes occur with the development of arterial hyperemia. In this case, hyperemia was revealed by the ratio of the contribution of pulse and respiratory fluxmotions.

Conclusion. Thus, it can be assumed that it is psychoemotional stress that is the primary factor in the development of the inflammatory response in the oral cavity. What should be taken into account at the orthopedic appointment when drawing up a treatment plan for such patients.
Method for quantitative assessment of surgical wound healing (for example, the hole of a removed tooth). Part I
Authors: Lomakin M. V. , Soloshchanskii I. I. , Pokhabov A. A. , Bisultanov H. U.
Published: December 2020

Relevance. Surgical stages of the dental implant restoration are an indispensable part of the treatment procedures. However, underestimation of residual/ available alveolar bone volume after tooth extraction may challenge implantation planning. Socket healing process might depend on either a surgical technique, or local or systemic preexisting factors, that this study should present as quantitative data. Purpose is to develop a technique for quantitative assessment of a surgical wound healing, e.g. an extraction socket.

Materials and methods. The study included 42 patients after extraction of different teeth during the preparatory procedures for further dental arch restoration with implants. Follow-ups, clinical data, laboratory and radiographic findings determined clinical, radiographic, and information values – dependent and independent variables as quantifiable clinical parameters – biomarkers; they were statistically analyzed.

Results. The conducted analysis revealed correlation dependence between selected parameters. Highly significant interrelationship allowed calculating the overall success rate of wound/ socket healing after tooth extraction. A regression model was developed to explain 76% healing success rate.

Conclusion. Thus, factors and conditions determining the healing of a surgical bone wound, e.g. an extraction socket, consistently affect each other. Numerical sequences of real-life processes characterize the extent and highly significant interrelations and allow predicting the mutual impact of the factors.
“MANGAN ORA MANGAN, SING PENTING KUMPUL” (MAKAN TIDAK MAKAN YANG PENTING KUMPUL) TINJAUAN FILOSOFIS “AKU DAN LIYAN” DALAM GAGASAN TOGETHERNESS PARA FILSUF BARAT
Authors: Tandywijaya Evan
Published: December 2020

Javanese people are known for their rich and profound wisdom in life. Like a water source that never stops flowing, Javanese people never run out of sources of wisdom. One of the policies of the Javanese community that has been around for a long time but remains actual until now is “mangan ora mangan sing penting kumpul”. Today, the rapid development of technology makes people more individualistic and ignores the importance of togetherness. This is the background and purpose of this writing, namely as a reminder of the value of togetherness and see the depth of meaning contained in the philosophy of “mangan ora mangan sing penting kumpul”. The writer wants to see this philosophy in terms of the relationship between Eastern and Western philosophy and present it using narrative methods. Previous studies show that philosophy of "mangan ora mangan sing penting kumpul" has never been seen in relation with Eastern and Western philosophy. In this article, the writer would like to present a different discussion, namely by looking at the correlation of philosophy "mangan ora mangan sing penting kumpul" with a review of Western philosophers' thoughts. Finally, the exploration of the meaning and depth of the philosophy of “mangan ora mangan sing penting kumpul” brings the writer to a discovery, namely “mangan ora magan sing penting kumpul” as a crossing of subjects - objects.
NILAI KEARIFAN UNGKAPAN BUDAYA JAWA “RUKUN AGAWE SANTOSA” DALAM GAGASAN PEMIKIRAN EMMANUEL LEVINAS
Authors: Pratiwiningsih Theresia
Published: December 2020

The focus of this research is the theme of Javanese local wisdom culture which related to Javanese proverb expressions about "Rukun Agawe Santosa". My aim is to explore further how these Javanese proverbs are carried out by the Javanese people themselves in daily life. To deepen this study the methodology that I used was Comparative Study with an awareness of the ethical values and harmony that was sparked in the Javanese proverb expression "Rukun Agawe Santosa". Through Emannuel Levinas's thoughts on Ethics and in the expression of Javanese local wisdom culture, I find that the value of environmental ethics is growing today due to the emergence of a stronger awareness of the importance of maintaining relationships with "the other" ie the earth and all its contents but in general, ethics are the most talked about in the context of human relations and ultimately the Javanese cultural expression "Rukun Agawe Santosa" becomes the main capital and the most appropriate way of creating solid unity and unity so as to create a strong and peaceful society.
FALSAFAH EMPAN PAPAN BERDIALOG DENGAN RICHARD RORTY TENTANG BATAS TOLERANSI
Authors: Karyadi Agus Jemi
Published: December 2020

The focus of my study is to devise tolerance limits in the Javanese empan papan philosophy frame. This study is important because there are many incidents of oppression between groups in Indonesia. Indonesia has a variety of diversity, such as religion, culture and ethnicity. That diversity creates boundaries in building a life together in Indonesia. I used a library research method about Javanese philosophy of empan papan and dialogued it with Richard Rorty's thoughts. Four board is widely understood people must consider the location, condition and situation carefully. You can't just talk and act. Javanese humans place knowledge in the way they are in the expression of ngelmu kanti laku (knowledge by doing-being in action, and words that are realized). The philosophy of the empan papan was dialogue with Richard Rorty's thoughts about ironic humans, ironic liberal people and multicultural communitarian politics. This research brings together East-West tolerance limits, confirming Richard Rorty's thoughts. Limits of tolerance must be institutionalized through a consensus of public opinion that is built up dialogically. This is very possible because Javanese people are adaptive to empan papan. Javanese people respect the independence of each individual but at the same time place it in the public sphere. Javanese man never puts his self-awareness alone, always in his existence along with other subjects.
KETIDAKSANTUNAN BERBAHASA PADA ISLAMOPHOBIA DI MEDIA SOSIAL
Authors: Asnawi Mu’aliyah Hi
Published: December 2020

The writer of this article intended to analyze the image of the disrespectful utterance of Islamophobia in social media. The method of qualitative research and an inductive approach was used for the whole research process. The textual data of term of Islamophobia by the social media users and the discourse analysis method were used in this article. The decision of this article was the phenomenon of the disrespectful utterance of Islamophobia in social media could be identified into two aspects according to its’ source. The first aspect was the term of Islamophobia were constructed by the external side, by the non-muslims, by the Westerns, which Islam pictured stereotypically by this group. The second aspect was the term of Islamophobia manifested from the internally Muslims, which various expressions from the radical Islam group in social media supported the beginning of Islamophobia perception.
MEDIA FRAMING ON ONLINE NEWS HEADLINES IN REGARDS TO THE GILETS JAUNES PHENOMENON
Authors: Laksman-Huntley Myrna , Dwiputri Fastira
Published: December 2020

Gilets Jaunes massive protest in France was considered as the most serious crisis in the Fifth Republic since the protest of May 1968. The importance of the event was such that it generated serious controversy, which was widely reported and many French media competed to highlight the development of the action group. This study examines the headlines of the Gilets Jaunes phenomenon in two online news sites (LeFigaro.fr and Libération.fr) with a different ideology. The analysis was carried out using theories of Le Querler's syntactic structure, Nida's meaning componential analysis, Dor & Gattani's headline functionality, and Entman's media framing. The results show that left-wing media news titles framed Gilets Jaunes as evidence of the people's struggle, while the right-wing media framed Gilets Jaunes as an action that only caused riots and casualties.
ANCANGAN MODEL PEMBELAJARAN MUATAN LOKAL BERBASIS BUDAYA KULINER
Authors: Rahmaniar Rahmaniar
Published: December 2020

The study, entitled The Culinary Culture-Based Local Content Learning Model (MPMLBBK) is a study that refers to the Humanistic theory in the psycholinguistics of language learning. This model emphasizes the importance of human or student feelings (sipakatau concept), both in the mindset, feelings and behavior of students in decision making, as well as providing opportunities to actualize themselves to make learning meaningful so that in the future students can be useful in the midst of society. This study aims to describe the appropriate approach to learning models in teaching local content, especially the Bugis regional language in a fun, creative and innovative manner based on the traditional culinary culture of the Bugis people.
COMMISSIVE SPEECH ACT IN DONALD TRUMP’S SPEECH CAMPAIGN
Authors: Gea Desriani
Published: December 2020

Commissive speech acts focus to carry out the speaker toward particular action in the future. The speech of Donald Trump in campaign rally at Nevada has function to convey his vision and mission as candidate president in second time. This research purposes to find the types of commissive speech act and understand the functions of commissive speech act in Donald Trump’s speech campaign in Henderson, Nevada on 13 September 2020. The orientation  in this research refer to utterance of Donald trump, The data source of this research take from video’s Fox Business in YouTube. This research used descriptive qualitative, with technique of collecting data are observation, watching and take note. The result of this research, there are 28 commissive speech acts in different functions.  The result indicates 8 types commisive speech act by utterance of Donald Trump, there are promise, threaten, swear, guarantee, warrant, refuse, assure and vow.
KARIKATUR GERAKAN ROMPI KUNING DI BELGIA
Authors: Bau Andi , Bandu Irianty , Faisal Andi
Published: December 2020

This research is about the caricature analysis of the yellow vest movement in Belgium using a semiotic approach. This study aims to determine the meaning of  connotation in the caricature of Les Gilets Jaunes by the caricature Oli. In addition, to know the form of depiction in caricature to convey meaning in caricature. Spurces of research data derivied from caricature web created by Oli, which is one of the caricaturist in Belgium. This research is a qualitative descriptive research. The results showed that the caricature related to Oli's Les Gilets Jaunes is a form of the reality of events that occurred. Some of Oli's works use analogy to convey the meaning to be conveyed.
Kurkumin ve Gastrointestinal Sistem Hastalıkları
Authors: SARIYER Esra Tansu , AKSU Burcu Merve
Published: December 2020

Zerdeçalın başlıca kimyasal bileşenlerinden biri olan kurkumin [1,7-bis (4-hidroksi-3-metoksifenil) -1,6-heptadien-3,5-dion], Curcuma Longa bitkisinin rizomundan kaynatma, kurutma gibi işlemler ile üretilir. Kurkumin farmakolojik olarak, Çin ve Hindistan tıbbında yaklaşık 6000 yıldır geleneksel bir tıbbi ajan olarak kullanılmaktadır. Gıda ve İlaç İdaresi (FDA) kurkumini “genellikle güvenli olarak tanınan” bir bileşik olarak onaylanmıştır. Çalışmalar ile kurkuminin bağırsak mikrobiyotası üzerine etki ederek yarar sağlayabileceği öngörülmektedir. Bazı çalışmalar kurkuminin, inflamasyonu baskılaması başta olmak üzere, çeşitli mekanizmalar aracılığıyla, inflamatuvar bağırsak hastalıkları, kolorektal kanser ve hepatik fibroz dahil olmak üzere H.pylori, pankreatit ve gut permeabilitesini sağlamada yararlı etkilere sahip olduğunu göstermiştir. Besin-ilaç etkileşimleri ve gebe, laktasyon ve çocuklarda kurkumin kullanımındaki belirsizlikler ve çalışma sonuçlarındaki farklılıklar da göz önüne alındığında, gastointestinal hastalıklarda kurkuminin etkisini açıklamak için daha fazla çalışmaya ihtiyaç duyulmaktadır.
Evaluation of Information Levels of Dentistry Students About Covid-19 Pandemic
Authors: TOZAR Kamile Nur , TATAR ŞATIROĞLU Emine , TOZAR Mesut
Published: December 2020

Aim: The aims of study are evaluation of information levels of dentistry students related with Covid-19 infection, making awareness about infection and protection ways and making them more careful and conscious during working.

Material and Method: This study is applied to 782 students of dentistry. An online survey was used to evaluate for knowledge level of dentistry students about Covid-19 pandemic. There were questions evaluating information levels related with sociodemographic informations and Covid-19 infections in this study.

Results: For evaluations of dentistry students information levels about Covid-19 pandemic, 782 students (female:470, male:312) aged between 17-37 from 32 different faculties were included in the study. Information sources about Covid-19 pandemic of students were not independents depending on gender and class level. According to pathway of transmission of Covid-19, there was a significant difference between women and men only in parental way which were more common in women (χ²=7.08; p