bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Scaffolding of Wikipedia translation for technology-enhanced language learning
Authors: Hautemo Aletta Mweneni , Van der Merwe Michele
Published: September 2021

This paper reports on the fi ndings from training on language learning of pre service language student teachers on the translation of English Wikipedia articles into Oshikwanyama and Oshindonga. The interpretative framework of scaffolding was used to conduct the training. The study involved a group of 24 pre-service language student and teachers from a university in Namibia. Data was generated  through the observation of the Wikipedia translation  intervention referred to above. An openended questionnaire that served as a tool for refl ection on the translation was also used. The participants made use of several mediating technological tools (computers, internet, the  Wikipedia website, and online dictionaries) as well as language books and  dictionaries to translate articles on the Wikipedia website from English, the students’ second language, into Oshikwanyama/Oshindonga, their home languages. The fi ndings suggest that Wikipedia is a good resource for helping student teachers integrate the use of technology into their language learning in the fi rst-language classroom. It also offers student teachers a chance to develop strategies that scaffold learning in a structured way, using both technological and language mediating tools that are accessible and convenient to use.
Pre-service teachers’ attitudes and ethnocentrism regarding language-in-education issues
Authors: West Joyce
Published: September 2021

Different attitudes towards the use of English as the MoI within a multilingual environment exist. These attitudes can affect pre-service  teachers’ future classroom practices and learners’ performance. In this regard, ethnocentrism, an attitudinal indicator, should be  considered when investigating pre-service teachers’ attitudes towards language-in-education issues. Ethnocentrism, the tendency of an individual to identify strongly with their own ethnicity and reject others', draws on the social identity theory, owing to its focus on in-group-out-group distinctions, racism and stereotyping. This article’s primary purpose was to determine if preservice teachers’ attitudes toward language-ineducation issues are related to their degree of ethnocentrism. An embedded mixed- methods research design and a post-positivist paradigm was used. The research site was a private higher education institution with a mono-ethnic student population. A questionnaire using the Language Attitudes of Teachers Scale and the Generalised Ethnocentrism Scale served as the data collection instrument to measure 1 164 pre-service teachers' attitudes towards language-in-education issues and their degree of ethnocentrism. The data showed a statistically significant relationship between the pre-service teachers' attitudes and their degree of ethnocentrism and revealed potential indicators of lower and higher degrees of ethnocentrism. This study recommends that teacher education programmes create awareness of the relationship between attitudes and ethnocentrism to prepare pre-service teachers for multilingual and  multicultural classrooms.
Energy Transition Indicators in African Countries: Managing the Possible Decline of Fossil Fuels and Tackling Energy Access Challenges
Authors: Nalule Victoria , Acheampong Theophilus
Published: September 2021

The global move to tackle climate change as envisaged in the 2015 Paris Agreement has necessitated debates and action geared towards transitioning to a low carbon economy. Although there is no agreed international definition of energy transition, the focus has been put to a shift from fossil fuels to renewables. This paper is intended to contribute to the global debate on energy transition with a focus on the initiatives taking place in a few selected countries. The argument in this paper is to the effect that many developing countries still need fossil fuels to tackle energy access challenges and ensure economic growth. Nevertheless, this does not in any way mean that these countries are climate change deniers. In this respect, the question to be addressed in this article is how can we measure energy transition efforts in developing countries? In responding to this question, the article attempts to develop and analyse some key energy transition indicators.
The Top-Down Model: A Discussion of Corporate Social Responsibility Policy in China
Authors: Li Shu , Appiah-Konadu Paul
Published: September 2021

Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) has gained significant prominence in China in the period after the reforms and opening-up of the Chinese economy which ushered in the separation of corporate management and state administration as well as the integration of the Chinese economy with the global economy. Since then, the Chinese government and citizens have realized the need to hold enterprises responsible for the effects of their activities on society; and hence began to formulate CSR policies, and to integrate relevant laws, incentives, supervision and control mechanisms in corporate regulations. In 2001, China’s accession to the WTO provided a platform for international reference and exchanges for the development of CSR policies. In 2006, CSR was recognized by the country’s highest authority in legal form for the first time, which also meant that CSR became a national economic development strategy and policy. Unlike the private sector-led CSR in Europe and North America, this study shows that CSR in China is mainly a government-guided phenomenon and more popular among state-owned enterprises (SOE). In this light, we opine that the improvement of CSR policy and practice in China requires reforms designed with special consideration of the unique characteristics of the Chinese society to encourage stakeholder involvement in the policy formulation and participation in the implementation process.
Creating Community Based Environmental Awareness with Social Media: A Kenyan perspective
Authors: Waititu Paul
Published: September 2021

One of the roles of community education is keeping citizens more informed on the need to conserve their environment. However, for this to be effective in the digital era, the use of modern communication tools is required to keep pace with current technological developments. One of these tools is social media, which is enormously popular and is used by both individuals and organisations for online communication. This paper analyses the role of social media in community-based organisations (CBOs) in creating environmental awareness through community education in Kenya. A non-probability sample comprising nine CBOs in Nakuru City was used to explore activities focused on environmental issues. Data were collected and analysed from a total of 98 respondents who participated in an online survey. It was concluded that the use of social media for environmental awareness in CBOs was minimal, but there is potential in its use as a social learning environment for creating environmental awareness. The study recommends capacity building and open online communication as a means of promoting the use of social media in creating environmental awareness through community education programmes.

Keywords: environmental management, environmental awareness, community based organisation (CBO), community education, social media
Expert guidance for COVID-19 vaccine deployment in Switzerland: a Delphi process
Authors: Selby Kevin , Bornet Marc-Antoine , Sancosme Yann , Von Elm Erik , D’Acremont Valérie , De Valliere Serge , Cornuz Jacques , Genton Blaise
Published: September 2021

BACKGROUND AND AIM: Vaccines providing protection against COVID-19 are a core tool for ending the pandemic. Though international organisations created guidance in 2020 for vaccine deployment, this had to be adapted for each country’s situation and values. We aimed to assist public health decision makers by identifying areas of consensus among Swiss experts for the deployment of one or more novel COVID-19 vaccines.
METHODS: An electronic, modified Delphi process between September and November 2020. We recruited a convenience sample of experts working in Switzerland from a variety of specialities, who completed two anonymous questionnaires. They voted on clarification questions and guidance statements from 0 (complete disagreement) to 10 (complete agreement). Responses for guidance statements with a median ≥8 and a lower inter-quartile range bound ≥7 were considered as reaching consensus.
RESULTS: Sixty-five experts accepted (66% response rate), with 47 completing the first questionnaire (72%), and 48 the second (74%). Statements reaching consensus included: in the first phase we should vaccinate front-line healthcare professionals and people ≥65 years with risk factors; widespread vaccination of children and adolescents should not be an early priority; and vaccines should be provided free of charge in the setting of national or cantonal vaccination campaigns. Statements not reaching consensus included: early vaccination of people living with someone with risk factors who are not themselves at risk; vaccination of people with previous confirmed or suspected COVID-19; and whether vaccination should be mandatory for individuals with certain activities, such as front-line healthcare professionals.
CONCLUSIONS: Experts reached consensus on several statements that were available for decision-makers when making key decisions for COVID-19 vaccine deployment in Switzerland. Statements without consensus highlighted areas requiring expert and public dialogue. The modified Delphi process allowed us to rapidly synthesise views from a broad panel of experts on sensitive topics, and could be considered for a broad range of issues during public health crises.
Władysław Szafer as a palaeobotanist
Authors: Köhler Piotr
Published: September 2021

Władysław Szafer (1886–1970) was one of the notable Polish botanists of the first half of the 20th c., palaeobotany being one of his main fields of interest, cultivated for over 60 years. Initially, he studied Quaternary floras and later on he expanded his interests to the Tertiary (Neogene) floras at the end of the 1930s. He published at least 80 different books and papers on palaeobotany, many of which still having scientific, not only historical, value. His organizational, teaching and editing activities in the field of palaeobotany were also remarkable, and influenced strongly the science in Poland. He contributed to the fast development of this field of knowledge in Poland, both in terms of research and in terms of staff number. 50 years after his death, we summarize the results of Władysław Szafer’s activity in palaeobotany.
Stages of development, improvement and application of equipment for welding in space, created with the participation of Ukrainian scientists
Authors: Strelko Oleh
Published: September 2021

The article is devoted to the historical analysis of development and improvement of electrotechnical equipment that was developed and applied in the USSR to conduct works on welding and related technologies in space in the period from the 60s to the 90s of the last century and to assess the contribution of Ukrainian scientists in this field.
Polscy przyrodnicy: Konstanty Jelski, Jan Sztolcman oraz Jan Kalinowski i ich wkład w badania przyrodnicze Peru w drugiej połowie XIX i na początku XX wieku
Authors: Tarkowski Radosław
Published: September 2021

Polscy przyrodnicy: Konstanty Jelski (1837–1896), Jan Sztolcman (1854–1928) oraz Jan Kalinowski (1857–1941) działali w Peru w drugiej połowie XIX oraz na początku XX wieku. Jelski przebywał w Peru w latach 1869–1879, Sztolcman dwukrotnie w latach 1875–1881 i 1882–1884, Kalinowski zaś przybył w 1889 roku i pozostał w tym kraju aż do śmierci.
Ich pobyt miał na celu zebranie bogatej, mało znanej fauny, głównie ptaków, a prace tych przyrodników były sponsorowane przez rodzinę Branickich. Zebrane okazy fauny były przesyłane do Warszawskiego Gabinetu Zoologicznego zarządzanego przez W. Taczanowskiego oraz do prywatnego muzeum Branickich przy Frascati. Materiały zebrane przez polskich przyrodników wzbogaciły zbiory wielu instytucji naukowych w Polsce, również tych zagranicznych. Okazy fauny były podstawą do opisu wielu nowych gatunków nieznanych nauce.
Nazwiska polskich przyrodników są znane do dziś specjalistom od fauny i flory neotropikalnej. Pojawiają się często w nazwach nowych gatunków opisanych na podstawie odkrytych przez nich okazów.
Przesłane z Peru zbiory uczyniły Warszawski Gabinet Zoologiczny ośrodkiem badań neotropikalnej awifauny na światowym poziomie, a kolekcja ta była konsultowana przez specjalistów z całej Europy. Ptaki z Peru stanowiły podstawę opracowania monografii Ornithologie du Pérou W. Taczanowskiego.
Kolekcje oraz obserwacje Jelskiego i Sztolcmana wniosły znaczący wkład w przygotowanie dzieła A. Raimondiego El Peru. Sztolcman opublikował dwutomowe dzieło Peru. Wspomnienia z podróży z mapą stanowiące ważny wkład Polski w poznawanie tego kraju. Ptaki i ssaki zebrane przez Kalinowskiego w Peru wzbogaciły kolekcje muzeów w Limie, Waszyngtonie, Londynie, Warszawie.
academic virtues in public discussion: Adam Schaff and the campaign against the Lvov-Warsaw School in post-war Poland
Authors: Lokhmatov Aleksei
Published: September 2021

Adam Schaff was at the front of the ideological campaign organized in post-war Poland during the wave of Stalinization. By attempting to adapt the Soviet “model” of public discussion to Polish academia, Schaff wanted to teach the representatives of the Lvov-Warsaw School of logic how to lead a scholarly debate. Schaff ’s group consisted of young scholars from the Instytut Kształcenia Kadr Naukowych [Institute for Education of Scientific Staff] and with critical reviews on the works of Polish logicians they tried to force their opponents to change the basic principles of their academic practice under the new circumstances. Nevertheless, Schaff ’s project failed since, unlike Soviet scholars, the participants in the discussion referred to different academic virtues that made the adaptation of the Soviet model of public discussion impossible.
tale of reviews in two history of science journals
Authors: Kremer Richard L. , Maas Ad
Published: September 2021

This paper examines the role of book reviews in the discipline of the history of science by comparing their appearance in two periodicals, Isis, the flagship journal of the discipline that was founded in 1913, and the Journal for the History of Astronomy, founded in 1970 to serve a newly emerging, specialized subfield within the broader discipline.
Our analysis of the reviews published in selected slices of time finds differing norms and reviewing practices within the two journals. Despite important changes during the past century in the conceptualization of the history of science and its research methods, reviewing practices in Isis remained remarkably consistent over time, with reviewers generally defending a fixed set of norms for “good” scholarship. More change appears in reviews of the Journal for the History of Astronomy, as its audience shifted from a mix of the laity, working astronomers, and historians to a specialized group of professional historians of astronomy. Scholarly norms, reflected in the reviews, shifted with these changes in readership.
We conclude that book reviews offer rich sources for analyzing the evolution of scholarly disciplines and norms.
Ewaluacyjna (r)ewolucja czasopism w Polsce
Authors: Kokowski Michał
Published: September 2021

Artykuł dotyczy kluczowych problemów polskich ministerialnych list czasopism naukowych, co zostanie okazane na przykładzie czasopism z historii i historii nauki, idei nowej listy według Pracowni Naukoznawstwa IHN PAN oraz dowartościowania działalności redaktorskiej i recenzyjnej w polskim systemie ewaluacji dokonań naukowych.
Wskazano fundamentalną wadę procedury tworzenia wykazów czasopism naukowych MNiSW (18 grudnia 2019 r.) i MEiN (9 lutego 2021 r. / 18 lutego 2021 r.) – brak nawiązania do osiągnięć naukoznawstwa (powstałego w Polsce w latach 1916–1939 i od tego czasu rozwijanego owocnie na świecie).
Porównano osiągnięcia bibliometryczne 12 najwyżej punktowanych polskich czasopism z historii, które otrzymały po 100 punktów w „Wykazie czasopism MEiN” (9 lutego 2021 r. / 18 lutego 2021 r.), z osiągnięciami bibliometrycznymi 9 najwyżej punktowanych polskich czasopism z subdyscyplin „historia nauki” lub „historia i filozofia nauki”, które choć otrzymały jedynie 40 punktów, nie mają mniejszych dokonań bibliometrycznych niż polskie czasopisma historyczne ocenione na 100 punktów.
Porównano osiągnięcia bibliometryczne 18 polskich czasopism z historii indeksowanych w Scopus. W 2019 i 2020 r. najwyższe wartości wskaźników miało wśród nich czasopismo Studia Historiae Scientiarum.
Na tej podstawie jest zasadne twierdzić, że w przypadku polskich czasopism z dyscypliny „historia” i subdyscyplin „historia nauki” i „historia i filozofia nauki”, ministerialny wykaz czasopism zbudowano w oparciu o nieobiektywne i nietransparentne zasady. Taka krytyczna uwaga odnosi się także do poprzednich wykazów czasopism MNiSW, włącznie z Wykazem z 18 grudnia 2019 r.
Dlatego należy: a) gruntownie poprawić punktacje polskich czasopism z subdyscyplin „historia nauki” i „historia i filozofia nauki” w krótkiej perspektywie czasowej, gdyż utrzymanie takich werdyktów doprowadzi w trakcie ewaluacji polskich jednostek akademickich do nieuzasadnionej merytorycznie deprecjacji dorobku naukowego z zakresu tych subdyscyplin oraz b) wypracować nowy model ewaluacji czasopism w dłuższej perspektywie czasowej.
Mając na względzie dokonania zintegrowanego naukoznawstwa, w szczególności metody myślenia korespondencyjnego i idei (r)ewolucji naukowej Michała Kokowskiego, badań prakseologicznych w duchu Tadeusza Kotarbińskiego, komunikacji naukowej oraz nurtu odpowiedzialnych metryk, przedstawiono nowy model ewaluacji czasopism.
Opisano ideę obiektywnych mierników dokonań czasopisma i kosztów publikowania w nim: miernika osiągnięć czasopisma (MOC)©, miernika kosztowności czasopisma (MKC)© i unormowanego miernika kosztowności czasopisma (UMKC)© oraz przedstawiono zasady tworzenia listy czasopism naukowych według Pracowni Naukoznawstwa IHN PAN©.
Przedstawiono postulat dowartościowania działalności redaktorskiej i recenzyjnej w polskim systemie ewaluacji dokonań naukowych poprzez modyfikację obowiązującego rozporządzenia w sprawie ewaluacji dokonań naukowych.
Report on the activities of the PAU Commission on the History of Science in 2020/2021
Authors: Kokowski Michał
Published: September 2021

The report discusses the activities of the Commission on the History of Science of the Polish Academy of Arts and Sciences in 2020/2021. It presents the lists of: scientific meetings, conferences, symposia, seminars, new members and new publications.
Dogs, working memory and educational achievement: Barking up the wrong tree or an effective mechanism for facilitating cognitive acuity?
Authors:   , Godfrey Oostendorp Janet
Published: September 2021

A mixed methods convergent design was used to investigate the involvement and role of a school dog with 13, seven year olds and 24 university students over three phases: a desk based survey; the identification of children’s working memory skills used in the dog’s presence when reading; and comparing maths and vocabulary school based tasks in both ‘live’ and ‘Virtual Reality’ (VR) settings. The findings provided insights into how the dogs’ presence affected learning within the classroom. Cross-age correlations were found for specific working memory skills between the adults and children. The data from both age groups revealed a significant effect of a live (as opposed to VR) dog’s presence for the language-based activities and suggested that there is potential for dogs to increase resilience and confidence in mathematical tasks. Using ‘virtual reality dogs’, significant effects were found for language abilities, corroborating previous research. Results clearly indicated that it is primarily the individual learner’s initial response to the task itself which determines the personal achievement and attainment, with the presence of a dog having a secondary effect. Further research is required into establishing the greatest benefits from working with a dog with respect to the measurement of progress mediated by social, academic and learning needs. The finding in this research that the effect of animal assisted learning is somewhat equivocal and idiosyncratic has implications for the widely used ‘read to dogs’ schemes in schools, together with the hours, working conditions and the perceived necessity of having full time school dogs. Animal assisted learning, in this study, showed benefits for some participants, but the effect was not universal. Such a finding suggests that a specific, individual, specialist academic teaching approach may be required to gain the greatest benefit from animal assisted intervention and animal assisted education in the future.
Modeling and Performance Analysis of AC Plant Heat Exchanger
Authors: V. Harika and Dr. K. Vasantha Kumar
Published: September 2021

AC plant Chiller is considered as a shell-and-tube heat exchanger and generally applied in a water-cooled chiller. These days shell
and tube heat exchanger (STHX) is the most common type of heat exchanger broadly used in marine ships, due to its high pressure
application. The AC plants fitted on-board Marine ships consist of a Chiller i.e. parallel flow heat exchanger with baffles. It is
important to improve the performance of a chiller so that the usage of electrical energy can be reduced while the quality of a
product can be increased. The water is cooled by using refrigerant in this chiller. This project mainly deals with modeling the
prototype of basic geometry of shell and tube heat exchanger using Solidworks and meshing using simulation run using CFD
package ANSYS. In this paper, by varying the number of baffles and different fluids they are water, R134a and R410a their
performance of the chiller is studied. In this work, effect of the baffle spacing on the performance of a heat exchanger has been
examined. Thermal and fatigue analysis is done in ANSYS for two materials Aluminum and Copper for better fluid at from CFD
analysis.
A Review on Short Term effects of Radiotherapyon Memory in Patients with Tumor
Authors: Sangeetha Joji and Khansa Fathima
Published: September 2021

The objective of the review is to evaluate the short-term effects of radiotherapy on memory performance in patients with
tumors. This article presents a neuropsychological account of the memory ability after radiation therapy. By drawing attention to
memory loss of cancer patients after radiation, we hope to illustrate and emphasize the importance of neuropsychological
sequelae when evaluating the short-term outcome of radiotherapy for cancer patients
Ecologicala Spectsin Relation to Digenean Trematodeparasites in Fresh Water Fish Channa Striatus (BLOCH)
Authors: Singh Prashant and Mishra D. B
Published: September 2021

Fishes are found adequately in the different water sources of Jaunpur India. Five rivers (Gomti, Sai,Varuna,Pili and Basuhi) ,Gujar
tal and different pond are available here as a aquatic habitat. In research work author consider only two sites of river Gomti and
two different ponds in district Jaunpur, U.P. They are external as well as internal .In this studyauthor focused on digenetic
trematodes parasites. Digenean trematodes are completing their life cycle in two hosts so both are susceptible to the infection.
There are considerable change occur in the environment wih the passage of time. We also know that environmental factors affect
the life forms of any place. So it is important to study the different ecological terms in relation to the host and their infectious
agents. From ancient time humans beings use large amount of fish food for survival because they are easily available from
different water sources. When human beings eat unadequate cooked fish then suffered with food borne tremadiases.So it is
important to know the infection level in the fishes.
THE WHISTLE IS NOT A DECORATION: ADMONISHMENT IN INTERTRIBAL DISCOURSE
Authors: Bartelt Guillermo
Published: September 2021

Restraint and indirectness in the macro-speech act of admonishment, in the context of American Indian intertribal gatherings called powwows, are assessed as to their strategies of inclusiveness, dissociation, and reaffirmation of conservative social structures.

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INVESTIGATING THE IMPACT OF PEER FFEDBACK AND TEACHER FEEDBACK USING GOOGLE DOCS ON EFL STUDENTS’ WRITING PERFORMANCE
Authors: Hoa Nguyen Thi Nien , Lap Trinh Quoc
Published: September 2021

Online written corrective feedback via Google Docs, in recent years, has been used and brought about positive outcomes in different teaching contexts. In this light, this study was conducted to examine the different effects between teacher feedback using Google Docs and the combined peer feedback and teacher feedback using Google Docs on EFL high school students’ performance in writing paragraphs. The study also attempted to gain insights into students’ attitudes towards the effect of peer feedback and teacher feedback using Google Docs on their paragraph writing. In this study, a mixed research method was employed; both quantitative and qualitative data were collected. Twenty two grade 11 students in a high school in the Mekong Delta of Vietnam were selected as participants. They were assigned to two groups of treatment: the experimental group, receiving both peer feedback and teacher feedback using Google Docs and the control group who only received teacher feedback using Google Docs. Participants completed two writing tasks; each of them included first draft, second draft and final draft. Prior to the study, students from the experimental group received a face-to-face training on giving peer feedback. Data were collected from six drafts of two writing tasks, three drafts for one task, and interviews at the end of the study. Results indicated that participants who received teacher feedback in the control group performed their paragraph writing better than those receiving both peer feedback and teacher feedback using Google Docs in the experimental group after the study. Also, participants in both groups improved their writing performance in their revised drafts. From the interviews, results showed participants’ positive attitudes towards the impact of peer feedback and teacher feedback using Google Docs on their paragraph writing. 

 

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RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN MOTOR SKILLS AND SOCIAL SKILLS IN PRESCHOOL CHILDREN
Authors: Ecevit Rabia Gamze , Şahin Mehmet
Published: September 2021

This study aimed to examine the relationship between motor skills and social skills of preschool children regarding to age, gender, and body mass indexes. A total of 160 typically developing preschool children from the 5 – 6 age groups participated in the study. The families of the children gave consent forms to participate in the study. The Test of Gross Motor Development, 3rd Edition tool (TGMD-III), and Preschool Social Skills Assessment Tool (PSSAT) were used in the study. We performed frequency and percentage analysis for descriptive statistics on the demographic characteristics of the participants. The researchers estimated the minimum, maximum, mean, and standard deviation values of the scales used in the study and the sub-dimensions of these scales. Skewness and kurtosis values for normality and applied Shapiro-Wilk (Normal Fit Test) were examined. We also calculated Cronbach's alpha values for the validity-reliability analysis of the Preschool Social Skills Assessment Tool. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and t-tests for gender and age comparisons, and Kruskal-Wallis analyses were employed to examine body mass indexes. We performed Pearson Correlation analysis to determine the relationship between motor skills and social skills. The result of the research showed that the motor skills of preschool children showed a significant difference according to the gender of the children (p<0.05). Preschool children were exposed to a significant difference according to children's ages in terms of locomotor skills and total motor skills (p<0.01). The social skills of these children revealed a statistically significant difference in line with their gender (p<0.01). On the other hand, there was no statistically significant difference according to the age of the children (p>0.05). The body mass index of preschool children's ground motor and social skills did not show a statistically significant difference according to their Body Mass Index (BMI) levels (p>0.05). Our study could not identify a meaningful relationship between motor skills and the children's social skills (p>0.05).

 

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ENGLISH-MAJORED STUDENTS’ LISTENING DIFFICULTIES AND USE OF STRATEGIES AT MIEN DONG UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY, VIETNAM
Authors: Huong Tran Thi Ai , Nhu Ha Nguyen Dinh , Tuyen Tran , Trang Le Thi Thuy
Published: September 2021

Through the years, difficulties in English listening and listening strategies have been conducted by many researchers. Most of studies have pointed out the common difficulties and strategies which students often have. Focusing on the same subject with a new perspective, this research aimed at understanding English majors’ difficulties in listening and use of listening strategies. A total of ninety eight freshmen English-majored students at Mien Dong University took part in answering the questionnaire and five students answered the semi-structure interview questions. The data gained from the questionnaire were analyzed by SPSS version 20.0 in terms of descriptive statistic. The findings revealed that English-majored students had many difficulties in listening such as the difficulties related to the listener, the content of the dialogue, the speaker, the physical setting and the linguistic factors. In terms of listening strategies, the finding showed that the cognitive listening strategies were used more frequently than metacognitive and socio-affective strategies. Based on the findings, some implications were made to contribute to the administrations, teachers and students at Mien Dong University of Technology.

 

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ENTREPRENEURIAL COMPETENCIES AND ENTERPRISE PERFORMANCE: A STUDY ON THE STREET FOOD CART OWNERS IN KHULNA CITY OF BANGLADESH
Authors: Khan Sarif Mohammad
Published: September 2021

Academicians and practitioners have unanimously accepted that the entrepreneurs infuse dynamism and growth in the economy by developing new ideas and realising the ideas by creating new ventures. However, there is limited understanding about whether or how the entrepreneur influences the firm's performance that he or she has created. The focus of this paper is to explore the influences of entrepreneurial competencies on a firms’ performance with the empirical data from the hospitality service sector micro-enterprises in Bangladesh. Partial least square (PLS) regression analyses results generated using the primary data from 73 small restaurants from Khulna, the third-largest city of Bangladesh with an estimated population of 1 million, reveal that the conceptual competence of the entrepreneurs is the most commonly contribute entrepreneurial competence in terms of producing business performances. This revelation of this research once again highlights the mental front of entrepreneurship as the front side performance driver.

JEL: L10; L20

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INDIA-BANGLADESH BORDER: AN ANALYSIS OF SECURITY ISSUES
Authors: Abedin Md Jaynal
Published: September 2021

In 1947, the international border between Pakistan and India was created by the partitioning of the subcontinent. The newly created Pakistan consisted of two land blocks, one to the west and the other to the east. The Bengal province was divided between East Pakistan (now Bangladesh) and India what resulted in a poorly defined border between the two nations. The dispute over the ownership of many villages near the border was started as both countries claimed their sovereignty over them. There were 190 disputed enclaves to the India Bangladesh Border (IBB) what worsened the dispute of the border demarcation. In 1971, East Pakistan got independence as a new state named Bangladesh through a 9-month long liberation war and India joined this war physically against Pakistan. The “honeymoon period” of bilateral relations between newly created Bangladesh and India did not continue for long. There are many common issues between the two neighbors that disturbed the bilateral relations such as border killing and other security issues related to the border, and the sharing of 54 common river’s water. Odhikar, Bangladesh-based human rights organization, reported that from 2000 to 2010, India’s Border Security Force (BSF) killed at least 924 Bangladeshi nationals. MASUM, a Non-governmental Organization (NGO) has mentioned many cases only in West Bengal, a state of India. This paper tries to analyze why the IBB is violent and concludes with a recommendation that how to ensure border security. Data has been used for this study from both primary and secondary sources. The primary sources including newspapers, periodicals, and official statistics of Indian and Bangladesh governments as well as NGOs both national and international are studied. In terms of secondary sources, this paper examines academic books and book chapters, publications in scientific journals, and articles published on the topic. This paper preferred realism to explain the nature of the security issues of the IBB. The main argument of this paper is the IBB is the bloodiest in the world. To improve border security conditions the study suggests that India should act like a neighbor, not a big brother, and work with Bangladesh together.

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Fé que salva, segundo Gálatas e Tiago
Authors: Konings Johan
Published: September 2021

O artigo que aqui apresentamos tem por objetivo contribuir para a compreensão de fé e obras na Carta de Tiago e na Carta de Paulo aos Gálatas. É preciso estudar os textos bíblicos antes de tudo na comunidade de comunicação que se constitui entre o autor e destinatário, e não a partir de questões teológicas ulteriores, que podem ser consideradas depois, ao avaliar o processo hermenêutico histórico. Aplicamos esse princípio a dois textos que geralmente são vistos como estando em diálogo ou em polêmica, a Carta aos Gálatas e a Carta de Tiago, estudando-os como textos autônomos, que utilizam de modo autônomo o paradigma sapiencial tradicional da fé de Abraão, sem excluir que, factualmente, Tiago pode conter uma resposta a uma interpretação errônea da salvação pela fé em Gálatas. Fé que salva é a adesão fiel a Jesus Cristo verificada na práxis cristã que Paulo chama o fruto do Espírito.
Análisis del nivel de productividad y formulación de estrategias para el mejoramiento de la productividad y competitividad de las mipymes de calzado ubicadas en San José de Cúcuta, Colombia
Authors: Cárdenas Jairo Alberto , Cristancho José Alberto , Sayago Nhora Esperanza , Ureña Yan Carlos
Published: September 2021

La presente investigación se inició con el diagnóstico de la situación actual de las MiPyMES del sector calzado, adscritas a ACICAM, ubicadas en la ciudad de Cúcuta, Departamento Norte de Santander, Colombia; identificando sus características, determinando la utilización de los indicadores de gestión, analizando la capacidad competitiva de la empresa, y formulando estrategias en función de los  resultados del análisis efectuado, que propenderá por el mejoramiento de la Productividad en aras de la competitividad de las empresas tema de estudio.
Abstract
 
This research began with the diagnosis of the current situation of the MSMEs of the footwear sector, attached to ACICAM, located in the city of Cúcuta, Department of Norte de Santander, Colombia; identifying their characteristics, determining the use of management indicators, analyzing the competitive capacity of the company, and formulating strategies based on the results of the analysis carried out, which will promote the improvement of productivity for the sake of the competitiveness of the companies under study.
Educación financiera, banca digital y alternativas de financiamiento de las pymes
Authors: Hernández Rivera Ariadna , Silva  Vázquez Julio César , Chávez  Maza Luis Augusto
Published: September 2021

Estudios han demostrado que la Educación Financiera es necesaria para tomar decisiones adecuadas que disminuyan los costos, riesgos y problemas futuros. De esta manera, las empresas que conocen de la importancia de esta materia buscan frecuentemente alternativas que aseguren su permanencia en los mercados. Por lo que es necesario considerar que la banca digital ha revolucionado la forma de realizar operaciones financieras, tanto en los individuos como en lascompañías, facilitando el acceso al crédito. En este trabajo se exponen las Fintech como una opción de financiamiento adecuado a las nuevas demandas de las PYMES en México.
AbstractStudies have shown that Financial Education is necessary to make appropriate decisions that reduce costs, risks and future problems. In thisway, companies that know the importance of this matter frequently seek alternatives that ensure their permanence in the markets. So it is necessary to consider that digital banking has revolutionized the way of conducting financial transactions, both in individuals and companies, facilitating access to credit. In this paper, Fintech is exposed as an adequate financing option to the new demands of SMEs in Mexico.
Demandas críticas de autocuidado de estudiantes de Enfermería de la Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud de la Universidad Nacional del Este
Authors: Fariña Valenzuela Bárbara Nicole , Martínez Mercado Arnaldo , Ramírez Espínola Fátima Iara , Medina Zelaya Ruth Dahiana , Cuenca Romero Liz Fabiola , Paniagua Cristaldo Dina Raquel , Quiñonez Silvero Lara Leticia , Arévalos Ramírez Romina Elizabeth
Published: September 2021

Este artículo analiza las demandas de autocuidado de estudiantes de la carrera de Enfermería de la Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud de la Universidad Nacional del Este. Con un enfoque etnográfico, se aplicaron entrevistas semiestructuradas a 28 estudiantes (22 mujeres y 6 hombres), de un universo de N = 100. Las entrevistas fueron grabadas con permiso. Se observan demandas críticas en 5 de los 8 requisitos universales. La estructura del capital económico condiciona efectos en cadena que impiden la satisfacción de los requisitos universales y limita la agencia de autocuidado. Las demandas críticas derivarán en déficits de autocuidado, potenciales o actuales. Los sistemas de apoyo educativo solo serán eficientes con la implementación de políticas públicas de soporte del autocuidado de estudiantes.
A Comparative Cross-Sectional Study to compare the Isolated Organism and their Antibiotic Sensitivity Pattern Between Community-Acquired Pneumonia (CAP) and Ventilator-Associated Pneumonia (VAP) in Intensive Care Unit (ICU).
Authors: Nahian Ahmed Chowdhury  , Dipak Kumar Mitra  , Afrin Ahmed Clara  , Md. Suhail Alam  , MD. Zahed Hossain
Published: September 2021

Background: The moment most common cause of in-hospital infection is pneumonia. Pneumonia is prevalent within the ICU (Intensive Care Unit) setting and can be deadly. The Incidence of pneumonia is approximately 17% in the therapeutic ICU2 but can be 6 to 20 times increased in mechanically ventilated patients. The duration of hospital stay and expenditure are both expanded in patients who develop ventilator-associated pneumonia. This study aims to identify the causative microorganism responsible for CAP (Community-Acquired Pneumonia) and VAP (Ventilator-Associated Pneumonia) and their antibiotic sensitivity pattern. Methods: This was a comparative cross-sectional study that was carried out at two ICU in Sylhet city. The data was collected from the patient's medical information, the patient's file, and the hospital information system. Culture and sensitivity (C/S) were collected from the electronic medical information system (MIS). All data from January 2019 to December 2020, including patient's information, course of the disease (in terms of death or recovery-if available), clinical features, and investigation reports, was transferred to an electronic data collection sheet (Microsoft Excel). After completion of all data collection, analysis was conducted through a spreadsheet. Comparison between two disease groups was made by independent t-test. Within the group, the analysis was done by the Chi-Square test. Results: In this thesis study, it was found that the most common organism responsible for CAP was Streptococcus spp. (34.70%) and is sensitive to Meropenem (92.21%), Imipenem (88.16%), Amikacin (70.67%), Piperacillin (70.91%), Moxifloxacin (70.96%), Levofloxacin (67.95%), Amoxiclav (67.92%), and Ceftriaxone(63.95%). The most common causative organism responsible for VAP was Staphylococcus spp. (36.51%) and it was sensitive to Imipenem (100%), Moxifloxacin (100%), Meropenem (94.73%), Amikacin (85.71%), Ceftriaxone (60%), Amoxiclav (66.66%), Levofloxacin (57.14%), and Cefuroxime (50%). Conclusion: Pneumonia is still one of the most common reasons for hospitalization, particularly for those admitted to ICU. It has been observed in several studies that the majority of the cases are communityacquired pneumonia. Many mechanically ventilated patients often develop VAP, which is fatal if timely diagnosis and appropriate antibiotics administration are not made. Streptococcus spp. was the most common organism responsible for CAP, and Staphylococcus spp. mainly was responsible for VAP.
Determinants of Bioenergy Consumption in the European Continental Countries: Evidence from GMM Estimation
Authors: Mohd Alsaleh  , Abdul-Rahim Abdul Samad
Published: September 2021

This study contributes to the existing literature by examining bioenergy consumption and related factors in continental European countries (ECC). This study extends the current research through its focus on the ECC, which mainly consists of nationwide studies. This study analyses the determinants of bioenergy consumption in the ECC from 2005-2013, estimates its economic variables and evaluates the influence of each variable on bioenergy consumption and related significance level. A generalised method of moments estimator (GMM) was designed for ECC. The estimated models show that bioenergy capital input (CI) positively impacts bioenergy consumption. The most influential factor on use was the price of bioenergy (PR) followed by investment (INV), then gross domestic product (GDP). These results should be considered and used as a tool to develop legislation and policies that could benefit the bioenergy sector in ECC. The evidence shows that CI, INV, and PR have been the primary keys in improving bioenergy consumption in recent years in ECC countries. Thus, they have advanced the efficiency of bioenergy consumption.
Sustaining Successful ICT Integration in Remote Rural Schools
Authors: Que Elenita Natalio
Published: September 2021

This paper aims to provide insights into how teachers can sustain ICT integration practices in geographically isolated and disadvantaged areas. A mixed-method case study design was used for the study. Data were collected through interviews, questionnaires, classroom observation, and document examination. Qualitative analysis and descriptive statistics were used to analyse the data. For data validity, triangulation of responses and member checking was carried out. The study identified successful technology integration factors in geographically isolated and disadvantaged schools: a strong community of practice, an adequate support system, and contextual ICT integration practices. It suggests that teachers’ pedagogical practices related to ICT toned to undergo a continuous process of review and reflection to ensure that ICT-related practices remain pedagogically effective and relevant to changing needs and contexts. The account of the teachers in this study, focusing on their teaching experiences in a school in a remote, low-income area, creates a paradigm for comparative research on education in challenging contexts. Comparative studies on ICT integration practices in poverty-stricken, post-disaster, and conflict-affected areas, could provide inputs for formulating context-specific policy recommendations that could support successful ICT integration in small rural schools in the Philippines and other developing countries.
Unpaid Domestic Work and Gender Inequality in the Time of COVID-19 in Malaysia
Authors: Boo Harn Shian
Published: September 2021

The COVID-19 pandemic affected how we spend our time in the workplace and at home. Moreover, it caused employed couples to simultaneously work from home and deal with unpaid work due to Malaysia’s Movement Control Order (MCO). What happens to housework and childcare responsibilities when women and men are required to work from home due to an abrupt lockdown? Who is doing the housework and childcare? Who should be responsible for unpaid domestic work? What are the factors that affect men’s share in housework and childcare? This paper reports the early results of an online survey conducted on Malaysian men and women during the nationwide imposed lockdown in May 2020. In addition, it discusses how the pandemic affected unpaid housework and childcare time and responsibilities in Malaysia. The findings suggest that women spend more time on housework and childcare than men and are responsible for most unpaid domestic work during COVID-19. These findings are consistent with those obtained before the COVID-19 pandemic. The findings also suggest that the time availability perspective affects men’s share in housework and that the relative resources perspective affects their share in childcare during COVID-19. Overall, the results call for policy attention to the factors that narrow gender inequality in unpaid domestic work.
Ideological Manipulation of Translation through Translator’s Comments: A Case Study of Barks’ Translation of Rumi’s Poetry
Authors: Naghmeh-Abbaspour Bita , Tengku Mahadi Tengku Sepora , Zulkali Iqbal
Published: September 2021

As purposefully crafted information around a text, paratext is a critical platform for ideological manipulation in translation. Translators’ comments as a form of paratext can cause ideological deviations between source and target texts that diminish the ideological context of the source text. On this ground, this study aimed to explore translators’ comments and how they can subtly recontextualize the ideology of texts and reframe them in new ideological contexts. Thus, choosing Coleman Barks’ translations of Rumi’s poetry as a case study. It aimed to probe the congruency of Rumi’s ideology with the ideology embedded in the translator’s comments on the verses. The study employed critical discourse analysis as its analytical methodology and explored the collected controversial examples of the translator’s comments. The findings illustrated a high level of ideological deviation between the source and target texts. Moreover, the findings implied the translator’s dominant approach toward a text from an inferior language comparing the superior English language. It has shown that ideological fidelity in translation is not only confined to texts but includes paratexts as well. The present study can be considered significant as it revealed the de-Islamization trend of a Middle Eastern text in the light of the relationship of the unequal languages. The study suggests that paratexts as an empowering platform for translators effectively direct the readers’ perception about the source text and its author. This study hopes to make the translator trainees more cautious in their comments on the original authors’ voices and ideology.