bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
SiN waveguides for ultra-broadband visible-telecom photon pairs
Authors: . Vijay , Sharma Shivani , Venkataraman Vivek , Ghosh Joyee
Published: January 2023

Broadband frequency-correlated photon-pair sources could enable the realization of various quantum information technologies especially WDM-QKD (wavelength division multiplexed quantum key distribution) accommodating multiple users with enhanced data transmission rates. The wide transparency window, negligible nonlinear losses, and con- siderable refractive index contrast of silicon nitride (SiN) on insulator (SiO2) platform makes it an ideal material system for designing CMOS- compatible integrated photon sources based on spontaneous four-wave mixing (SFWM). We propose simple rectangular cross-section, few- cm long SiN waveguide designs capable of generating ultra-broadband frequency-correlated photon pairs via SFWM, exceeding an octave in bandwidth spanning the visible-to-telecom wavelengths (∼700-1700nm for ∼1-μm pump) with a spectral brightness of >2.5×104 photon pairs/s/nm/mW2. Such compact sources, spanning the entire telecom spectrum (across O, E, S, C, L, and U bands) on one side and cover- ing most of the major atomic transitions used in ultracold gases and solid-state based quantum memories on the other side, could poten- tially be employed in large-scale multi channel hybrid (free space + fiber) quantum networking schemes in addition to the heralding of telecom single photons by utilizing high efficiency visible detectors.
In vitro antibacterial effect of enrofloxacin combined with lavender essential oil on selected Salmonella serotypes isolated most commonly poultry
Authors: ADASZYŃSKA-SKWIRZYŃSKA MICHALINA , ZYCH SŁAWOMIR , SZCZERBIŃSKA DANUTA
Published: January 2023

The present study investigated the antimicrobial activity of enrofloxacin in combination with lavender (Lavandula angustifolia) essential oil against three serotypes of Salmonella: Salmonella Enteritidis ATCC 13076, Salmonella Gallinarum biovar Pullorum ATCC 13036, Salmonella Typhimurium ATCC 14028 and Salmonella Typhimurium – a moderately sensitive monophasic strain. The analysis of the interaction of enrofloxacin with lavender essential oil was carried out using the checkerboard method. The obtained FICI values were interpreted as follows: synergistic when ≤ 0.5; additive when > 0.5 but ≤ 1; non-interactive when > 1 but ≤ 4; antagonistic when > 4. When analysing individual combinations of enrofloxacin with lavender oil, a positive additive effect was found in all cases (S. Enteritidis ATCC 13076 FICI – 0.85; S. Gallinarum biovar Pullorum ATCC 13036 FICI – 1.0; S. Typhimurium ATCC 14028 and S. Typhimurium – a moderately sensitive monophasic strain FICI – 0.7). Antagonistic interaction was not recorded in any case. When analysing individual combinations of enrofloxacin with lavender oil against the serotypes tested, an additive effect was demonstrated in all cases (FIC indices: 0.7-1.0). There was no antagonistic effect in any of the analysed combinations.
Combating tuberculosis in European bison in the Bieszczady Mountains - administrative aspect
Authors: WELZ MIROSŁAW , ŁOŚ PRZEMYSŁAW , KONDRAT RENATA , ORŁOWSKA BLANKA , DIDKOWSKA ANNA , ANUSZ KRZYSZTOF
Published: January 2023

Tuberculosis in animals is an infectious and contagious disease, caused by acid-fast bacilli of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex. The disease has been confirmed in Poland in farm and wild animals. Among the latter the largest number of cases was diagnosed in free-ranging European bison in the Bieszczady Mountains. The disease has also been present there since 2013 in the wild boar population. From April 21, 2021, in accordance with EU Regulation 2016/429, tuberculosis in European bison is a disease that is subject to mandatory eradication in all EU Member States. In Poland and in most EU countries where free-ranging European bison herds exist, no strategy has yet been developed to combat tuberculosis outbreaks in this species. To date, in Podkarpackie Voivodship eradication measures of bison tuberculosis have been undertaken in a framework of interdisciplinary cooperation of employees of the State Forests and the Veterinary Inspection, supported by representatives of the sciences. The article presents the legal status and the administrative aspects of the issue, as well as experiences and practical solutions of tuberculosis eradication in free-living European bison herds which have proven themselves in field conditions. The conclusions regarding an eradication strategy and the needs of tuberculosis monitoring are also presented in this article, which, apart from wild bison herds, takes into account other wild animal species and farm cattle from areas and buffer zones of bison herds infected with tuberculosis.
General Principles of the European Court of Human Rights on the Limitation of Freedom of Assembly: Focusing on the Navalnyy and Gunko v. Russia case
Authors:   European Constitutional Law Association, Choi Inhwa
Published: January 2023

Restrictions on freedom of assembly should be proportional and the least intrusive means to achieve a legitimate purpose should be given priority. Freedom of assembly should be enjoyed as freely as possible. Freedom of political assembly in particular should be strongly protected. Freedom of assembly also has the meaning of communicating information with each other and forming mutual intentions by allowing others to enter the public sphere. It also has the function of protecting minorities and opposition parties that cannot be represented by the general public's will. However, freedom of assembly presupposes a duty of acceptance, such as having a problem with the right to move and colliding with the interests of others.
The state has an active obligation to actively protect peaceful assembly and this active obligation requires the state to protect against individuals or groups who attempt to interfere or block participants in peaceful assembly. The state is also obligated to guarantee the basic rights of those who did not participate in the assembly.
The right to the freedom of peaceful assembly under the European Convention on Human Rights is also a fundamental right of democratic society. Among the justification requirements for the European Court of Human Rights' restrictions on freedom of assembly, ‘necessary in a democratic society’ is a matter of profit sentence as a review based on the principle of proportion. Therefore, it can be seen that the European Court of Human Rights examined whether the basis for the judgment was appropriate and sufficient for the claimant's claim for arrest and conviction for administrative crimes. The The requirement of ‘necessary in a democratic society’ is a ‘contextual approach’, which requires careful argument in that it is possible to make an appropriate judgment only after considering the overall contents such as content, context, and proportionality of sentence along with the submitted evidence.
Freedom of assembly is a basic right that is important for realizing democracy and should be guaranteed as much as possible because various intentions of the people are expressed. In the proportionality examination of whether restrictions on freedom of assembly are necessary for a democratic society, as shown in the case of Navalnyy and Gunko v. Russia, European Court of Human Rights should examine whether these restrictions are in response to strong social needs, and whether they are appropriate and sufficient.
Medusomyces gisevii L.: cultivation, composition, and application
Authors: Flyurik Elena , Ermakova Olga
Published: January 2023

Tea fungus (Medusomyces gisevii L.) is a natural symbiotic consortium of yeast-like fungi and bacteria. Scientific literature provides a lot of information about the consortium, but it is largely fragmentary. We aimed to review and systematize the information on the research topic.

We studied scientific publications, conference proceedings, intellectual property, regulatory documents, and Internet resources on the M. gisevii consortium using Scopus, Web of Science, e.LIBRARY.RU, and Google Academy. The methods applied included registration, grouping, classification, comparative analysis, and generalization.

We described the origin and composition of tea fungus, specifying the microorganisms that make up its symbiotic community depending on the place of origin. Then, we reviewed the stages of fermentation and cultivation conditions in various nutrient media and presented the composition of the culture liquid. Finally, we analyzed the antimicrobial effect of M. gisevii on a number of microorganisms and delineated some practical uses of the fungus.

The data presented in this article can be used to analyze or develop new methods for the cultivation and application of M. gisevii. We specified some possibilities for using not only the culture liquid but also the fruit body of the fungus in various industries.
Spirituality and Moral Sensitivity of Undergraduate Nursing Students STIKES Santa Elisabeth Medan
Authors: Derang Imelda , Novitarum Lilis , Rajagukguk Malensi
Published: January 2023

Nursing is an important factor of all professional services, including Bio, Psycho, Socio, and Spiritual, which must be possessed because it is a crucial aspect of service, especially for the people we serve. This is because moral sensitivity and a strong sense of spirituality can assist someone in interpreting changes in their daily lives in light of God, the environment, and themselves. This study aims to determine the relationship between spirituality and moral sensitivity of undergraduate nursing students at STIKes Santa Elisabeth Medan T.A 2021/2022. We used a cross-sectional design. The sampling technique in this study used purposive sampling. The numbers of respondents are 358 respondents. The instrument used was a spirituality and moral sensitivity questionnaire for nursing students (MSQ-ST). The findings revealed great moral sensitivity (87.4%) and spirituality (82.4%). According to the findings of the Spearman Rank statistical test (rho), r = (.271) and p (value) = 0.000 (p 0.05) were obtained. These results indicate a weak relationship between the two variables with a positive direction, meaning that the higher the spirituality level of the students, the higher the moral sensitivity of nursing students at STIKes Santa Elisabeth Medan.
FAMILIA ALSTROEMERIACEAE
Authors:   Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Galván Villanueva Raquel , Martínez Calixto Yunuén ,   Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional
Published: January 2023

La familia incluye cuatro géneros y alrededor de 160 especies, con distribución de México a Brasil, Argentina y las Antillas. Algunos de sus representantes se usan con fines ornamentales. En el área de estudio sólo se presenta un género y una especie.
FAMILIA PROTEACEAE
Authors:   Instituto de Ecología, A.C., Centro Regional del Bajío, Calderón de Rzedowski Graciela
Published: January 2023

Familia de unos 75 géneros y más de 1000 especies representados esencialmente en regiones tropicales del hemisferio sur, sobre todo en Australia y Sudáfrica. Para América se reconocen ocho géneros, de los cuales sólo Roupala se encuentra en la zona de estudio.
FAMILIA SAXIFRAGACEAE
Authors:   Instituto de Ecología, A.C., Centro Regional del Bajío, Pérez-Calix Emmanuel
Published: January 2023

Familia formada por cerca de 40 géneros y alrededor de 700 especies. Su distribución es subcosmopolita, pero está concentrada en las regiones montañosas, templadas y frías del Hemisferio Norte. Algunos representantes de Astilbe, Heuchera y Saxifraga se cultivan como ornamentales. En el área de la presente Flora sólo se presenta un género con dos especies.
FAMILIA BURSERACEAE
Authors:   Instituto de Ecología, A. C., Centro Regional del Bajío, Rzedowski Jerzy , Guevarra-Féfer Fernando ,   Escuela de Biología, Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo
Published: January 2023

Familia de unos 20 géneros y más de 600 especies, distribuidas en las regiones calientes del mundo, con mayor diversidad en América tropical, en el norte y en el sur de África y en Malasia. Desde el punto de vista económico algunas burseráceas son importantes por las resinas y los aceites esenciales que producen (“copal”), que se usan para aromatizar templos y en ceremonias religiosas, en la cosmética y en la medicina popular.
FAMILIA CORIARIACEAE
Authors:   Instituto de Ecología, A. C., Centro Regional del Bajío, Calderón de Rzedowski Graciela
Published: January 2023

Familia de un sólo género (Coriaria) que se distribuye en la región del Mediterráneo, Asia, Nueva Zelanda y algunas otras islas del Pacífico; en nuestro continente se conoce de México a Sudamérica. Se reconocen unas cinco especies con la distribución señalada para la familia. Una o dos se cultivan como ornamentales, otras se mencionan por ser venenosas o por su contenido de taninos o substancias colorantes. Sólo la siguiente habita en el continente americano.
FAMILIA STAPHYLEACEAE
Authors:   Instituto de Ecología, A. C., Centro Regional del Bajío, Carranza González Eleazar
Published: January 2023

Familia con 5 ó 6 géneros y alrededor de 60 especies distribuidas en América, Eurasia y el Archipielago Malayo. Turpinia y Staphylea están presentes en México y únicamente el primero se encuentra en la región de la Flora. Es probable que en futuras exploraciones en el noreste de Querétaro llegue a encontrarse a Staphylea pringlei S. Watson, único representante de este género en México. La planta se distribuye en varios estados de la vertiente del Golfo y a pesar de los esfuerzos realizados en la zona no se ha localizado; es también de esperar su presencia en las áreas adyacentes del estado de San Luis Potosí. Los frutos capsulares inflados de esta especie y las brácteas estipuliformes de mayor tamaño, son los caracteres que la distinguen del género Turpinia. La posición filogenética de la familia ha sido controvertida. Diferentes autores la han incluido en los órdenes Rosales, Celastrales y Sapindales, aceptándose mayormente dentro de este último, aunque se piensa que puede representar un eslabón entre las familias Cunoniaceae (Rosales) y Aceraceae (Sapindales), por lo que se ubicaría adecuadamente en cualquiera de estos dos órdenes
FAMILIA RAFFLESIACEAE
Authors:   Instituto de Ecología, A. C., Centro Regional del Bajío, Carranza González Eleazar
Published: January 2023

Se reconocen de 7 a 9 géneros con más de 50 especies, que se distribuyen principalmente en las regiones tropicales del Viejo Mundo. En el continente americano se aceptan cuatro géneros, los cuales también están representados en México, pero sólo dos se localizan en el área de esta Flora, Bdallophyton y Pilostyles.
FAMILIA PODOCARPACEAE
Authors:   Instituto de Ecología, A. C., Centro Regional del Bajío, Zamudio Sergio
Published: January 2023

La familia está formada por 7 a 17 géneros y aproximadamente 170 especies distribuidas principalmente en las regiones tropicales y subtropicales de ambos hemisferios. Aunque alcanza su mayor desarrollo en el Hemisferio Sur; se extiende hacia el norte hasta China, Japón, México, Centroamérica y el Caribe. En México sólo está representada por el género Podocarpus. Los integrantes de la familia Podocarpaceae tienen poca importancia económica, aunque algunos miembros de los géneros Dacrydium y Podocarpus producen madera valiosa y a veces se plantan como ornamentales.
FAMILIA CUPRESSACEAE
Authors:   Instituto de Ecología, A. C., Centro Regional del Bajío, Zamudio Sergio , Carranza Eleazar ,   Instituto de Ecología, A.C., Centro Regional del Bajío
Published: January 2023

Familia de amplia repartición mundial, con alrededor de 16 géneros y unas 120 a 150 especies, distribuidas principalmente en las regiones templadas de ambos hemis-ferios. Algunas variedades de especies ampliamente cultivadas como Cupressus sempervirens L. y Thuja orientalis L. se encuentran con frecuencia en jardines y casas de la región de estudio, en donde sólo se localizan de forma natural los siguientes dos géneros.
FAMILIA PLUMBAGINACEAE
Authors:   Instituto de Ecología, A. C., Centro Regional del Bajío, Calderón de Rzedowski Graciela
Published: January 2023

Unos 10 a 12 géneros con alrededor de 400 ó 500 especies, de amplia distribución geográfica, principalmente en el Antiguo Mundo. Muchas habitan en zonas semiáridas o de suelos salinos. Algunos miembros de esta familia, como los llamados "plúmbagos" (Plumbago spp.), así como Limonium sinuatum (L.) Mill. ("estátice", "estátil") se reconocen como plantas de importancia ornamental. Varios se usan en la medicina popular. En nuestra región de estudio se encuentra representada por un género con dos especies.
FAMILIA XYRIDACEAE
Authors:   Instituto de Ecología, A. C., Centro Regional del Bajío, Calderón de Rzedowski Graciela
Published: January 2023

Se consideran cuatro géneros con 200 a 300 especies apliamente distribuidas en lagunas y lugares pantanosos de zonas de clima cálido o semicálido de ambos hemisferios; en su gran mayoría pertenecientes a Xyris.
The Main Trends in the Development of Distillery Production in Russia (XVI – XVIII Centuries)
Authors:   Southwest State University, Goryushkina Natalia E. , Kolupaev Andrej A.
Published: January 2023

Relevance. The alcohol sphere is one of the actively reformed spheres in the Russian economy. The state is constantly improving the regulatory arsenal in relation to alcohol in order to achieve a balance of public and fiscal interests. In this regard, the experience of the development of alcohol production in previous historical periods is of particular relevance, which allows us to see the logic of the development of distillery production. The purpose is to indicate the main directions of development of distillery production in Russia. The objectives of the study are determined by the goal and are to: to highlight the existing opinions about the time of the "birth" of distilling in Russia; to consider the smoking of wine as a production process; to identify trends in the development of alcohol production in the XVI – XVIII centuries. Methodology. The principles of historicism, consistency and scientific objectivity were the main ones in the preparation of the article. Individual scientific tasks were solved using special methods, including comparative, typo-logical and genetic. Results. The surviving sources do not allow us to determine the exact time of the appearance of distillery pro-duction in Russia. The authors who tried to find the "roots" of Russian distilling did not come to a common opinion: some believe that the distillation process was borrowed by Russians from Europeans; others – that wine smoking has been carried out in Russia since time immemorial, but the sources have not been preserved. Innovations in the production of bread wine for a significant chronological period were barely noticeable. The equipment of distilleries has been simple for many centuries, except that the vats eventually began to be heated not by an open fire, but by hot steam. Distilling remained traditional and agricultural, designed for the needs and capabilities of one traditionally conducted economy. Rye remained the main distillery material. In the process of malting, fermentation and distillation, a significant part of the product was lost. Government decrees had little effect on productivity and on the ways of smoking wine. Conclusion. The main directions of the development of distillery production in Russia consisted in the growth of the number of distilleries, the preservation of a primitive device for many years, the absence of the need for manu-facturers to coordinate the quantity and quality of products produced with the market.
The Establishment of Multidimensional and Multilevel Typing on the Example of History Research Meteorological Support of the Red army air Force During the Great Patriotic War (1941–1945)
Authors:   Military Aca-demy of the General Staff of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation, Gavrilov Alexey G. , Pryamitsyn Vladimir N.
Published: January 2023

Relevance. Scientific typification of past events is one of the most common results, obtained in the course of historical research. At the same time, as a rule, we are talking about using only one typological feature and only one level of typing. This gives relevance to the consideration of the issue of establishing multidimensional and multilevel typing. Purpose of the article is to familiarize the professional community of historians with the experience of establishing a multidimensional and multilevel typification of the subject of research. The objective of the article is to establish the typification of the meteorological support of the Red Army Air Force and demonstrate by its example the practical application of the historical and typological method. Methodology. The use of the historical-typological method has become widespread in conducting historical re-search. In particular, it was used in the study of the history of meteorological support of the Red Army Air Force during the Great Patriotic War. Results. It was proposed to streamline the subject of the study by identifying types in it based on the estab-lishment of common inherent features. For this purpose, three typological features were used: the level of military man-agement, the regularity of meteorological support and the specifics of the activities of the Air Force. As a result, mul-tidimensional typing was obtained. The third type was subjected to further detail, which allowed us to talk about its second level. All conclusions and provisions are illustrated by concrete examples from the experience of aviation me-teorologists in providing the Air Force during the Great Patriotic War. Conclusion. The possibility of using the historical-typological method to establish multidimensional and multilevel typing is shown by the example of a specific subject of research. It is established that the use of this method should be preceded by the use of a descriptive method. It is revealed that the key component determining the further possibility of typification is the selection of typological features.
Guarantees of the Admissibility and Validity of the Rejection of Subjective Law in Criminal Proceedings: Problems of Legislative Regulation
Authors:   Southwest State University, Chebotareva Irina N. , Pashutina Olesia S. , Revina Irina V.
Published: January 2023

Relevance. An element of the human rights system is the criminal procedure law, which allows to increase the degree of protection of the rights of persons in the field of criminal proceedings. The norms of the Criminal Procedure Code of the Russian Federation specify a significant change in the attitude of the state towards the individual, however, many provisions of the law remain imperfect, which gives rise to cases of violation of individual rights in criminal proceedings, emphasizes the importance of studying the issues of legal regulation of guarantees of the admissibility and validity of the rejection of subjective law. Purpose: the study of the problems of regulatory regulation of guarantees of the admissibility and validity of the rejection of subjective law, the development of proposals for further improvement of the criminal procedure law. Objective: to study the totality of the norms of the criminal procedure law that enshrine the guarantees of the admissibility and validity of the waiver of the right, doctrinal sources, in the part related to the topic of the study. Methodology. The basis of this research is a combination of the universal dialectical method of scientific cogni-tion, general scientific methods of analysis and synthesis, induction and deduction, and private scientific methods of cognition, such as: formal-logical, formal-legal. The authors also used methods of studying social phenomena in their concrete manifestation in specific conditions of place and time: the study of documents, observation. Results. A significant element in the hierarchical chain of the regulatory component, which forms the basis of guarantees of the admissibility and validity of the rejection of subjective law, is the criminal procedure law. Many of its provisions are aimed at ensuring the possibility of a person who has fallen into the sphere of criminal proceedings to express his will regarding the realization/non-realization of the benefits belonging to him. At the same time, the work of the legislator in this regard cannot be considered completed. Conclusion. Improving the legal regulation of guarantees of the admissibility and validity of the rejection of sub-jective law will contribute to the protection of the rights and legitimate interests of citizens, correspond to the purpose of criminal proceedings.
Development of Soviet-Japanese Scientific Relations in the Soviet period
Authors:   Komsomolsk-on-Amur State University, Kiba Darya V.
Published: January 2023

Relevance. At present, the implementation of bilateral scientific cooperation programs between Japan and Russia is difficult due to the aggravated international situation. However, scientific contacts need to be developed, as they con-tribute to mutual understanding between the Russian and Japanese peoples, even under the condition of political differ-ences. An appeal to the Soviet experience in the development of interaction between the USSR and Japan in the field of science will allow taking into account the accumulated experience, various forms and ways of establishing a bilateral scientific dialogue between countries at the present stage. The purpose of the study is to determine the forms of Soviet-Japanese scientific interaction in the Soviet period. Research objectives: to identify the contribution of government, public structures, and individuals to the devel-opment of Soviet-Japanese scientific ties, to study the mechanism of scientific interaction between the USSR and Ja-pan. Methodology. The comparative-historical and chronological methods were used in the work. Results. The author traces the activities of governmental and public organizations of Japan and the USSR, the contribution of private companies and individual scientists to the development of Soviet-Japanese scientific ties. The activities of Japanese and Soviet universities to establish bilateral scientific exchange and book exchange have been studied. Conclusion. During the Soviet period, book exchange became one of the forms of Soviet-Japanese scientific cooperation. An effective form of bilateral scientific cooperation has become direct contacts between scientists of the two countries at international scientific conferences and during visits of researchers to the USSR and Japan. The most intensively developing form of scientific interaction was scientific exchanges between Japanese and Soviet institutions. It should be noted the significant contribution of individual institutions and public organizations of the countries to the development of scientific bilateral relations. The factors stimulating the development of scientific exchanges were the study of Russian and Japanese languages, the conclusion of long-term cooperation agreements. In addition, scientific exchanges were significantly intensified by changes in the political and economic situation in the Soviet state in the second half of the 1980s.
Innovations in Forest Management, Accounting and Assessment of Forests in Russia in the XIX Century
Authors:   Southwest State University, Nikiforov Sergey A. , Sembiyeva Lyazzat ,   L. N. Gumilyov Eurasian National University
Published: January 2023

Relevance. Until now, one of the main problems in the forest industry remains the problem of accounting and saving forests from destruction. Huge damage to forests is caused by illegal logging and fires. It is possible to take into account losses only if we have information about the area of forests growing in Russia. Today, the state is conducting the second stage of the state forest inventory program “Forestry Development” to identify the quantitative and qualitative characteristics of Russian forests. Due to the significant amount of work, this stage will last until 2030 inclusive. At the same time, in the history of Russia there are examples of the implementation of programs for accounting for forest lands, the experience of which should be taken into account in the framework of optimizing the modern "forest" policy. In this regard, the presented article acquires special relevance and timeliness. The purpose. Studying the experience of conducting statistical accounting of forest lands in Russia in the middle of the 19th century. Objectives. Within the framework of the article, the following tasks are solved: to assess the reliability of statistical information on the area of forests available to the Forest Department at the time of the start of the implementation of the static accounting program; to identify the features of statistical accounting of forest lands in Russia in the middle of the 19th century; identify the obstacles that have arisen in the way of implementing the state program for accounting for the forests of the Russian Empire and assess their impact on the organization and results of accounting for forest resources. Methodology. The research methodology is based on the principles of historicism, determinism and objectivity. The article carried out a comprehensive analysis of archival documents and published sources, used the methods of statistics and data comparison, synthesis. The results obtained are based on historical sources. Results. В 1860-х гг. данные о количестве и качестве лесов европейской части Российской империи, несмотря на наличие значительных трудностей, были собраны Министерством государственных иму-ществ по всем губерниям. Сведения были опубликованы в журнале министерства. Conclusion. The implementation of the program of statistical description of forests and the forest industry in the provinces of the European part of the Russian Empire was in itself an innovation. From the time of Catherine II to the 60s. 19th century In the state, an inventory of forest lands has never been carried out. Thus, the program of statistical description of the forests of the provinces of the European part of Russia, launched by the Ministry of State Property at the end of 1858, was the first attempt to obtain reliable information about the area of Russian forests.
Optical and electrochromic properties of thin films of ambipolar polyimides with pendant groups based on thioxanthenone derivatives
Authors: Kruchinin V. N.  , Odintsov D. S.  , Shundrin L. A.  , Shundrina I. K.  , Rykhlitsky S. V.  , Spesivtsev E. V.  , Gritsenko V. A.
Published: January 2023

The optical and electrochromic properties of thin films obtained by centrifugation from solutions containing ambipolar polyimides with pendant groups based on 9H-thioxanthene-9-one and its S-dioxide derivative are studied using spectral ellipsometry, spectrophotometry, and spectroelectrochemistry. It is shown that the spectral dependences of the refractive index n(E) and the absorption coefficient α(E) as well as the electrochromic properties of polyimide thin films under electrochemical reduction and oxidation conditions strongly depend on the type of the pendant group. Based on the estimates of the band gap Eg a conclusion is made about the possible promising use of thin films of polyimides as working layers in memristors of a new type. Keywords: memristors, dielectric films, ambipolar polyimides, ellipsometry, electrochromism.
Effect of Fe-=SUB=-3-=/SUB=-O-=SUB=-4-=/SUB=- nanoparticle concentration on the luminescence of AgInS-=SUB=-2-=/SUB=-/ZnS in hybrid complex CaCO-=SUB=-3-=/SUB=--Fe-=SUB=-3-=/SUB=-O-=SUB=-4-=/SUB=-@AgInS-=SUB=-2-=/SUB=-/ZnS
Authors: Kurshanov D.A.  , Arefina I. A.  , Stepanova M. S.  , Dubavik A.  , Baranov A. V.
Published: January 2023

In this paper, we studied the properties of a multifunctional system, in which the luminescent and magnetic properties are combined. The calcium carbonate microspheres are used as porous matrices for complexes combining luminescence properties of AgInS2/ZnS quantum dots and magnetic properties of Fe3O4 nanoparticles. The study investigates the effect of magnetic nanoparticles concentration on optical properties of quantum dots in CaCO3-Fe3O4@AgInS2/ZnS complexes. It is shown that applying calcium carbonate microspheres as a matrix permits to reduce quenching of the quantum dots luminescence. Keywords: hybrid system; ternary quantum dots, magnetic nanoparticles, iron oxide; calcium carbonate microspheres.
Особенности возбуждения частицы в одноуровневой квантовой яме предельно коротким аттосекундным импульсом
Authors: Архипов Р.М. , Архипов М.В. , Белов П.А. , Пахомов А.В. , Розанов Н.Н.
Published: January 2023

Using the solution of the time Schrödinger equation, the features of the excitation of a bound state of a particle in a one-dimensional rectangular quantum well of small depth by an extremely short light pulse are studied. The case of a shallow well with only one energy level is considered. In this case, the system is excited by an attosecond pulse whose duration is shorter than the characteristic time associated with the energy of the bound state of the particle in the well. It is shown that in this case the population of the bound state and the ionization probability are determined by the ratio of the electric area of the pulse to its atomic measure, which is inversely proportional to the well width. The calculation results showed that unipolar subcycle pulses with nonzero electric area can excite the system faster and more efficiently than bipolar pulses with zero area. The possibility of using unipolar gamma-ray pulses of zeptosecond duration for deuteron excitation is discussed, and numerical estimates of the required duration and electric area of the pulse are given.
Сверхизлучение импульса остановленной поляризации в тонком слое пятиуровневой среды, возбуждаемой субцикловыми аттосекундными импульсами
Authors: Архипов Р.М. , Пахомов А.В. , Архипов М.В. , Розанов Н.Н.
Published: January 2023

Using the numerical solution of the system of equations for the amplitudes of bound states, together with the wave equation, we theoretically consider stopped polarization pulse superradiance upon excitation by a pair of half-period attosecond pulses in a thin layer of a five-level resonant medium, the parameters of which are the same as in a hydrogen atom. It is shown that in the case of a multilevel medium, at certain parameters of the exciting field, the superradiance pulse near the medium is also a single-cycle pulse, the shape of which is determined by the first time derivative of the stopped polarization pulse, as in the case when approximate low-level and classical models were used to describe the response of the medium.
Photoluminescence of zinc sulfide doped with Mn-=SUP=-2+-=/SUP=- and Eu-=SUP=-3+-=/SUP=- ions in dodecane medium
Authors: Zatonskaya L. V.  , Smagin V. P.  , Harnutova E. P.  , Ignatov E. V.
Published: January 2023

Photoluminescence (PL) of zinc sulfide powder synthesized and doped with Mn2+ and Eu3+ ions by the method of emerging reagents in a dodecane medium was investigated. In the absorption and excitation spectra of the PL samples ZnS and ZnS : Mn2+(Eu3+), bands corresponding to the transitions of electrons from the valence band to the conduction band and to the levels of structural defects of ZnS, as well as bands of transition of 4f-electrons of Eu3+ ions from the ground 7F0 to excited electronic states were recorded. A wide band associated with recombination processes at the energy levels of defects on the surface of ZnS particles is observed in the PL spectra. Narrow bands of PL are attributed to 5D0->7Fj and 4T1->6A1 electronic transitions in Eu3+ and Mn2+ ions. They are associated with the intra-zone glow centers formed by these ions in the ZnS structure. Energy transfer from ZnS defect levels to excited energy levels of Eu3+ ions was registered. Assumptions are made about the mutual influence of ZnS and alloying ions, as well as about the influence of synthesis conditions on the spectral properties of substances. Keywords: non-aqueous synthesis, dodecane, zinc sulfide, alloying, manganese (II) ions, europium (III) ions, photoluminescence.
Features of the electrophysical parameters of silicon serially doped with impurity atoms of phosphorus and boron
Authors: Zikrillayev Kh. F.  , Ayupov K. S.  , Mavlonov G. H.  , Usmonov A. A.  , Shoabdurakhimova M. M.
Published: January 2023

Silicon samples sequentially doped with impurity atoms of phosphorus and boron were studied. These investigations make it possible to study the interaction and distribution of phosphorus and boron impurity atoms in silicon. It has been established that, in such silicon samples, the mobility of electrons and holes changes. From the analysis of the obtained results, it was shown that boron atoms change the type of conductivity of the material to a depth of 2 μm due to the compensation of phosphorus atoms, which are 4 times higher than the concentration of boron in silicon. Keywords: semiconductor, silicon, phosphorus, boron, alloying, mobility, diffusion, concentration.
Quantum beats of light-hole and heavy-hole excitons in reflection spectra of GaAs/AlGaAs quantum well
Authors: Mikhailov A. V.  , Trifonov A. V.  , Sultanov O. S.  , Yugova I. Yu.  ,  Ignatiev I. V.
Published: January 2023

In this work we experimentally study dynamics of the heavy-hole and light-hole exciton states in a quantum well under coherent excitation of both excitonic resonances using co- and cross-linear and circular polarizations of pump and probe beams. Oscillations of basic parameters of excitonic resonances are observed. Their dependence on the polarization of the pump and probe beams is used to determine the structure of states of the heavy-hole and light-hole excitons by means of theoretical modelling of experimental data. Keywords: quantum well, excitons, quantum beats, light-hole exciton, heavy-hole exciton.
Non-trivial dependence of spectral characteristics of excitons in quantum wells on the resonant optical excitation power
Authors: Mursalimov D. F.  , Mikhailov A. V.  , Kurdyubov A.S.  , Trifonov A. V.  , Ignatiev I. V.
Published: January 2023

Basic exciton parameters, such as the energy of exciton transition and the radiative and nonradiative broadenings, are experimentally studied by means of reflectance spectroscopy for a heterostructure with a 14-nm GaAs/AlGaAs quantum well. Particular attention is paid to the nonradiative broadening which is sensitive to densities of free carriers and long-lived nonradiative excitons. A sublinear increase of the broadening of the heavy-hole and light-hole exciton resonances is observed when the light-hole exciton resonance is excited with increasing power. A simple model is developed, which allows one to well reproduce the observed dependence. Keywords: exciton, quantum well, nonradiative broadening.
Micromagnetic simulation of a majority" logic gate based on the interference of spin waves' caustics
Authors: Dudko G. M.  , Kozhevnikov A. V.  , Sakharov V. K.  , Seleznev M. E.  , Khivintsev Y. V.  , Nikulin Y. V.  , Vysotskii S. L.  , Filimonov Y. A.  , Nikitov S. A.  , Khitun A.
Published: January 2023

Using micromagnetic simulations, we show the possibility to build spin logic devices based on films of yttrium iron garnet and permalloy where energy channeling of spin waves is achieved due to excitation of focused and narrow-directed wave beams by used antennas. We studied the methods to construct a "majority" logic gate based on the interference of caustics of spin waves excited by the rectilinear transducers directed at an angle to the in-plane magnetic field. We propose an approach when adding a reference signal with fixed initial phase to three information signals allows to use an amplitude detector at the output of the device to built a truth table. The possibility to scale the device on the example of its work in the range of spin waves with micron and submicron wavelengths is demonstrated. Keywords: spin waves, magnetic field, ferromagnetic films, permalloy.
Investigation of the emission properties of gas-jet targets in the water transparency window" of 2.3-4.4 nm under pulsed laser excitation
Authors: Guseva V. E.  , Nechay A. N.  , Perekalov A. A.  , Salashchenko N. N.  , Chkhalo N. I.
Published: January 2023

The article considers the results of studying the emission radiation of Ar, Kr, CO2, CHF3, CF4 and N2 gas jets excited by pulsed laser radiation. The shape of the spectral dependence in the spectral range 2.3-4.4 nm and the emission intensity of a number of lines in absolute units were studied. To excite the targets, a Nd : YAG laser, λ=1064 nm, tau=5.2 ns, Eimp=0.8 J was used. A supersonic conical nozzle with dcr=450 μm, 2α=11o, L=5 mm was used to form a pulsed gas jet. The pressure at the nozzle inlet was 25 bar, which corresponds to the developed condensation of molecular gases in gas jets. The spectra were deciphered and the ions emitting under the given experimental conditions were determined. Keywords: gas jets, shock waves, extreme ultraviolet radiation, emission spectra, laser plasma, X-ray spectrometer monochromator.
Study of structural and electrical properties of the reconstructed Si(111) surface after lithium adsorption
Authors: Tsukanov D. A.  , Ryzhkova M. V.
Published: January 2023

The results of a study of the crystal structure and surface conductivity of a Si(111) silicon substrate with a reconstructed surface after deposition of submonolayer doses of lithium are presented. We used the method of low energy electron diffraction to study changes in the structure of the crystal lattice of the surface, as well as the four-point probe method for measuring the conductivity of substrates under in situ conditions. As the initial surfaces, we used the Si(111)7x7 reconstruction of an atomically clean silicon substrate, and the reconstructions obtained by adsorption of 1 ML of gold, lead, and bismuth atoms: Si(111)β-3x3-Au, Si(111)1x1-Pb and Si(111)β-3x3-Bi, respectively. Keywords: silicon surface, adsorption, surface reconstruction, surface conductivity, low-energy electron diffraction.
Diamond-carbide-silicon composite "skeleton" as a promising material for X-ray optical substrates
Authors: Zorina M.V.  , Mikhailenko M.S.  , Pestov A.E.  , Toropov M.N.  , Chernyshev A.K.  , Chkhalo N.I.  , Gordeev S.K.  , Vitkin V.V.
Published: January 2023

The paper proposes the use of diamond-carbide-silicon composite "Skeleton"oledR coated with amorphous silicon as substrates for multilayer X-ray mirrors for powerful synchrotron radiation sources (3+ and 4th generation). The surfaces with the following parameters were obtained using standard deep polishing methods: flatness at the level of RMS90%=54.2 nm; effective roughness sigmaeff~1.0 nm; high-frequency roughness sigma2x2~0.1 nm. Keywords: x-ray optics, x-ray mirrors, substrates for x-ray mirrors, roughness.
Carbon-coated electron field emitters
Authors: Bernatskii D. P.  , Pavlov V. G.
Published: January 2023

The properties of field electron emitters made of iridium and rhenium, whose surface is coated with carbon by decomposition of benzene molecules on the surface, are studied. The stability of the emission characteristics and the stability of the obtained emitters to the adsorption of residual gas molecules and ion bombardment are shown. The coating is obtained either in the form of a monoatomic graphene film on the flat faces of the emitter, or in the form of graphite growths. The field electron emission is localized on the edges and corners of the faceted graphite outgrowth. After adsorption of alkaline and alkaline earth metals onto the carbon coating, an abnormally large increase in emissions from flat faces and localization of emissions on graphene-coated faces occurs. The emission amplification occurs in the presence of alkali metal atoms, both on the surface and only under the graphene film. Keywords: electron emission, carbon, iridium, rhenium, alkali metals, barium, intercalation.
Section methods of X-Ray diffraction topography
Authors: I.L. Shul’pina  , E.V. Suvorov  , I.A. Smirnova  , T.S. Argunova
Published: January 2023

X-ray topography is a group of methods for obtaining diffraction images of structural defects in crystals. Among them, section topography techniques are distinguished by their abilities in acquiring quantitative information about defects based on the analysis of the images. For this purpose, special applications of the dynamic theory of X-ray diffraction are being developed. The interference of wave fields excited in a crystal by an X-ray beam is the basis of the section methods. Their sensitivity to weak lattice distortions is much higher than that of other X-ray methods. This review describes the physical foundations and implementation of the section topography techniques, as well as the results of computer simulating the wave field in a crystal. We present some examples of solving materials science and microelectronics problems and briefly describe the section topography using synchrotron radiation. Keywords: X-ray topography, single crystals, defects in crystals, silicon, diamond, indium antimonide.
Measurements of the absolute values of the radiation intensity in the wavelength range of 6.6-32 nm of stainless steel targets with pulsed laser excitation
Authors: Garakhin S. A.  , Zabrodin I. G.  , Zuev S. Yu.  , Lopatin A. Ya.  , Nechay A. N.  , Pestov A. E.  , Perekalov A. A.  , Pleshkov R. S.  , Polkovnikov V. N.  , Salashchenko N. N.  , Smertin R. M.  , Tsybin N. N.  , Chkhalo N. I.
Published: January 2023

The paper presents experimental data on the absolute values of the radiation intensity in the wavelength range of 6.6-32 nm for a stainless steel target excited by a Nd: YAG laser with parameters λ=1064 nm, Epulse=0.45 J, tau=4 ns, ν=10 Hz. The results are of interest for various applications using laboratory laser-plasma sources of soft X-ray and extreme ultraviolet radiation. Keywords: extreme ultraviolet radiation, emission spectrum, laser spark, multilayer X-ray mirror.
Wavefront lens corrector for studying flat surfaces
Authors: Toropov M. N.  , Akhsakhalyan А. А.  , Malyshev I. V.  , Mikhailenko M. S.  , Pestov A. E.  , Salashchenko N. N.  , Chernyshev A. K.  , Chkhalo N. I.
Published: January 2023

The method of manufacturing and the results of studies of a lens corrector that converts a spherical diverging front into a plane one and is intended for studying flat surfaces as part of an interferometer with a diffraction comparison wave is described. A feature of the corrector is the use of an aspherical convex surface with a maximum deviation of ~ 200 μm from the nearest sphere. The first experimental results are presented, indicating the prospects for using ion-beam processing to improve the quality of the wavefront. After the procedure of ion-beam processing, the aberrations over the entire aperture of the corrector decreased by more than 4 times and amounted to the parameter of the height difference PV = 207 nm (~ λ/3) and (RMS) = 19.2 nm (~ λ/33). On an area with a diameter of 80%, the aberrations fell to the nanometer level: PV = 65 nm (~ λ/10) and RMS = 8.3 nm (~ λ/76). Keywords: lens corrector, interferometry, aspherical lens, ion-beam processing.