bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Safe Zone SMOTE Oversampling Algorithm Used in Earthquake Prediction Based on Extreme Imbalanced Precursor Data
Authors: Wang Dongmei , Liang Yiwen , Yang Xinmin , Dong Hongbin , Tan Chengyu
Published: October 2021

Earthquake prediction based on extreme imbalanced precursor data is a challenging task for standard algorithms. Since even if an area is in an earthquake-prone zone, the proportion of days with earthquakes per year is still a minority. The general method is to generate more artificial data for the minority class that is the earthquake occurrence data. But the most popular oversampling methods generate synthetic samples along line segments that join minority class instances, which is not suitable for earthquake precursor data. In this paper, we propose a Safe Zone Synthetic Minority Oversampling Technique (SZ-SMOTE) oversampling method as an enhancement of the SMOTE data generation mechanism. SZ-SMOTE generates synthetic samples with a concentration mechanism in the hyper-sphere area around each selected minority instances. The performance of SZ-SMOTE is compared against no oversampling, SMOTE and its popular modifications adaptive synthetic sampling (ADASYN) and borderline SMOTE (B-SMOTE) on six different classifiers. The experiment results show that the quality of earthquake prediction using SZ-SMOTE as oversampling algorithm significantly outperforms that of using the other oversampling algorithms.
Elastic and inelastic C2 form factors of nickel isotopes and two-body correlations
Authors: Abbas Mahmoud A. , Hamoudi Adel K.
Published: October 2021

The inelastic form factors for C2 transition have been studied for even nickel isotopes ([Formula: see text]Ni) using the form of Tassie shape for ground state charge density distribution. The charge density distribution is investigated using the one- and two-body terms in the cluster expansion. The effect of short-range correlations is included using Jastrow-type correlation function into the two-body density term of the cluster expansion. This concludes that the inserting of the influence of short-range correlations is required for reaching an important adjustment in the calculated elastic and inelastic form factors which explain the data very well at the high momentum transfers ([Formula: see text][Formula: see text]fm[Formula: see text].
Pulse shape simulation of p-type point contact germanium detector used in the rare physics events search
Authors: Pandey Akash , Singh D. , Singh V.
Published: October 2021

In this work, we have developed the simulation tools to study the pulse shape of the p-type point contact germanium (pPCGe) detectors. Charge signal pulse has been simulated within the pPCGe detectors, based on the “Shockley–Ramo modeling” and has been compared to the experimentally measured charge signal pulse. We have also utilized the “finite difference method” technique for simulating the electric field within the pPCGe detector volume to study the drifting process of the charge carrier. The simulated charge signal pulse, based on our simulation tools, has been found compatible with the experimental results.
Feedback linearly extended discrete functions
Authors: Gravel Claude , Panario Daniel
Published: October 2021

In this paper, we study a new flexible method to extend linearly the graph of a nonlinear, and usually not bijective, function so that the resulting extension is a bijection. Our motivation comes from cryptography. Examples from symmetric cryptography are given as how the extension was used implicitly in the construction of some well-known block ciphers. The method heavily relies on ideas brought from linear coding theory and secret sharing. We are interested in the behavior of the composition of many extensions, and especially the space of parameters that defines a family of equations based on finite differences or linear forms. For any linear extension, we characterize entirely the space of parameters for which such equations are solvable in terms of the space of parameters that render those equations for the corresponding nonlinear extended functions solvable. Conditions are derived to assess the solvability of those kind of equations in terms of the number of compositions or iterations. We prove a relation between the number of compositions and the dimensions of vector spaces that appear in our results. The proofs of those properties rely mostly on tools from linear algebra.
The Valabrega–Valla module of monomial ideals
Authors: Nasrollah Nejad Abbas , Yazdan Pour Ali Akbar
Published: October 2021

In this paper, we focus on the initial degree and the vanishing of the Valabrega–Valla module of a pair of monomial ideals [Formula: see text] in a polynomial ring over a field [Formula: see text]. We prove that the initial degree of this module is bounded above by the maximum degree of a minimal generators of J. For edge ideal of graphs, a complete characterization of the vanishing of the Valabrega–Valla module is given. For higher degree ideals, we find classes, where the Valabrega–Valla module vanishes. For the case that J is the facet ideal of a clutter [Formula: see text] and I is the defining ideal of singular subscheme of J, the non-vanishing of this module is investigated in terms of the combinatorics of [Formula: see text]. Finally, we describe the defining ideal of the Rees algebra of I/J provided that the Valabrega–Valla module is zero.
MULTIMODAL HUMAN BRAIN LONGITUDINAL PARCELLATION ACROSS LIFESPAN
Authors: YAN JUNYI , YANG JINZHU , ZHAO DAZHE
Published: October 2021

Subdividing the human brain into several functionally distinct and spatially contiguous areas is important to understand the amazingly complex human cerebral cortex. However, adult aging is related to differences in the structure, function, and connectivity of brain areas, so that the single population subdivision does not apply to multiple age groups. Moreover, different modalities could provide affirmative and complementary information for the human brain subdivision. To obtain a more reasonable subdivision of the cerebral cortex, we make use of multimodal information to subdivide the human cerebral cortex across lifespan. Specifically, we first construct a population average functional connectivity matrix for each modality of each age group. Second, we separately calculate the population average similarity matrix for the cortical thickness and myelin modality of each age group. Finally, we fuse these population average matrixes to obtain the multimodal similarity matrix and feed it into the spectral clustering algorithm to generate the brain parcellation for each age group.
A Short-Turning Strategy for the Management of Bus Bunching Considering Variable Spatial-Temporal Running Time
Authors: Tian Shengnan
Published: October 2021

Bus bunching could seriously damage the stability of transit system. This resultant instability always causes a dissatisfying performance of transit system. Traditional bus bunching control methods (e.g., holding control strategy) add slack to schedules or adapt cruising speed. The control methods can alleviate bus bunching in theory, but it is difficult to apply to actual operation, especially in busy traffic. The short-turning strategy only deals with spatial concentration of demand in the existing literatures. We find that the short-turning strategy is also very effective in alleviating bus bunching. In this study, based on the passenger arrival rate of each stop and the spatial-temporal running time, a short-turning model with bunching penalty is developed, and the waiting time of passengers and the operation cost are also considered. Based on data from Beijing Transportation Information Center, we take the Yuntong 111 bus line of Beijing as an example. Compared with the currently used timetable, it is found that a 46.78% reduction in bus bunching is achieved by using the optimal timetable, and there is no increase in operating costs.
Slopes: solute processes and landforms
Authors: Burt Tim , Pinay Gilles , Worrall Fred , Howden Nicholas
Published: October 2021

This chapter reviews research on solutes by fluvial geomorphologists in the period 1965–2000; growing links with biogeochemical research are emphasized later in the chapter. Brief reference is necessarily made to some research from before and after the study period. In relation to solutes, early research sought to relate short-term process observations to long-term landform evolution. However, very quickly, research moved into much more applied fields, less concerned with landforms and more concerned with biogeochemical processes. The drainage basin became the focus of research, with a wide range of interest including nutrient loss from agricultural and forested landscapes to dissolved organic carbon export from peatlands. In particular, the terrestrial–aquatic ecotone became a focus for research, emphasizing the distinctive processes operating in the riparian zone and their contribution to river-water protection from land-derived pollutants. By the end of the period, the scale and range of fluvial geomorphology had been greatly transformed from what it had been in 1965, providing a distinctive contribution to the broader field of biogeochemistry, as well as an ongoing contribution to the study of Earth surface processes and landforms.
Integrability on the Abstract Wiener Space of Double Sequences and Fernique Theorem
Authors: Kim Jeong-Gyoo
Published: October 2021

The integrability of a function defined on the abstract Wiener space of double Fourier coefficients is explored. The abstract Wiener space is also a Hilbert space. We define an orthonormal system of the Hilbert space to establish a measure and integration on the abstract Wiener space. We examine the integrability of a function

e

α

·

2

defined on the abstract Wiener space for Fernique theorem. With respect to the abstract Wiener measure, the integral of the function turns out to be convergent for

α
<
1
/
2

. The result provides a wider choice of the constant

α

than that of Fernique.
Relay Selection‐and‐Jamming Scheme with Nonlinear Energy Harvesting
Authors: Pham-Minh Triet , Ho-Van Khuong , Nguyen-Minh Hoa , Nghi-Vinh Khanh
Published: October 2021

When direct source‐destination communications are in outage, relay selection is a preferable solution to improve reliability for this communications. However, such a relay selection makes the eavesdropper better overhear source data through both source‐relay and relay‐destination communication hops, losing data security. To improve both reliability and security, this paper proposes a relay selection‐and‐jamming (RaJ) scheme to select one intermediate node as a conventional relay and another node as a jammer. To enhance energy efficiency, all intermediate nodes harvest radio frequency energy in source signals for their operations with nonlinear energy harvesting (NL‐EH). The security and reliability of the RaJ scheme are assessed through suggested rigorous/asymptotic expressions and are significantly better than two benchmark schemes without neither jamming nor both relay selection and jamming. Additionally, they can be optimized with reasonable selection of specifications. Moreover, the NL property of the energy harvesters dramatically affects the reliability but negligibly degrades the security for the RaJ scheme. Furthermore, the linear EH (L‐EH) is more reliable but less secure than the NL‐EH.
Detecting Persistent User Behavior Using Probabilistic Counting in Network-Wide View
Authors: Zhou Aiping , Qian Jin , Yu Hang
Published: October 2021

Persistent user behavior monitoring, which deals with finding users that occur persistently over a measurement period, is one hot topic in traffic measurement. It is significant for many applications, such as anomaly detection. Former works concentrate on monitoring frequent user behavior, such as users occurring frequently either over one measurement period or on one monitor. They have paid little attention to detect persistent user behavior over a long measurement period on multiple monitors. However, persistent users do not necessarily appear frequently in a short measurement period, but appear persistently in a long measurement period. Due to limited resource on monitors, it is not practical to collect a tremendous amount of network traffic in a long measurement period on one single monitor. Moreover, since network attackers deliberately send packets flowing through the entire managed network, it is difficult to detect abnormal behavior on one single monitor. To solve the above challenges, a novel method for detecting persistent user behavior called DPU is proposed, and it contains both online distributed traffic collection in a long measurement period on multiple monitors and offline centralized user behavior detection on the central server. The key idea of DPU is that we design the compact distributed synopsis data structure to collect the relevant information with users occurring in a long measurement period on each monitor, and we can reconstruct user IDs using simple calculations and bit settings to find users with persistent behavior on the basis of estimated occurrence frequency of users on the central server when user IDs are unknown in advance. The experiments are conducted on real traffic to evaluate the performance of detecting persistent user behavior, and the experimental results illustrate that our method can improve about 30% estimation accuracy, 40% detection precision, and accelerate about 3 times in comparison with the related method.
Prognostic Role of Monocytic Myeloid-Derived Suppressor Cells in Advanced Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer: Relation to Different Hematologic Indices
Authors: Zahran Asmaa M. , Hetta Helal F. , Zahran Zeinab Albadry M. , Rashad Alaa , Rayan Amal , Mohamed Dalia O. , Elhameed Zeinab Ahmed Abd , Khallaf Salah M. , Batiha Gaber El-Saber , Waheed Yasir , Muhammad Khalid , Nafady-Hego Hanaa
Published: October 2021

Background and Aim. Myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) contribute to the process of malignant transformation and tumor progression through immuno- and nonimmunosuppressive mechanisms. The current study is aimed at providing the predictive and prognostic role of Mo-MDSCs in advanced non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) in relation to different hematologic indices. Methods. We recruited 40 cases of advanced NSCLC, stages III and IV,

aged
>
18
–
<
70

years old, and eligible to receive chemotherapy with or without radiotherapy, along with 20 healthy controls of comparable age and sex; after diagnosis and staging of patients, blood samples were collected for flow cytometric detection of Mo-MDSCs. Results. Significant accumulation of Mo-MDSCs in patients compared to their controls (

p
<
0.0001

). Furthermore, these cells accumulated significantly in stage IV compared to stage III (

p
=
0.006

) and correlated negatively with overall survival (

r
=
−
0.471

,

p
=
0.002

), lymphocyte to monocyte ratio (

r
=
−
0.446

,

p
=
0.004

), and mean platelet volume to platelet count ratio (MPV/PC) (

r
=
−
0.464

,

p
=
0.003

), patients with

Mo
‐
MDSCs
<
13
%

had significantly better survival than those with

Mo
‐
MDSCs
≥
13
%

(

p
=
0.041

). Conclusion. Mo-MDSCs represent one of the key mechanisms in the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (TME) to play major roles not only in the carcinogenesis of lung cancer but also in disease progression and prognosis and, in addition, predict the efficacy of immune checkpoint inhibitors; our results provided some support to target Mo-MDSCs and needed to be augmented by further studies.
Benefit Analysis of Low-Carbon Policy Mix Innovation Based on Consumer Perspective in Smart City
Authors: Chen Wenjie , Wu Xiaogang , Desire Ngabo
Published: October 2021

In the construction of smart city, the carbon emission reduction problem of road traffic needs to be solved urgently. It is of great significance to introduce reasonable low-carbon policies. Based on urban private cars trajectory data, this study, respectively, establishes the genetic algorithm-back propagation neural network model (GA-BP) and back propagation-adaptive boosting algorithm neural network model (BP-AdaBoost) to predict the carbon emissions of private cars. By comparing the two neural network models, the GA-BP neural network model has better prediction results. Next, this study establishes the cost-benefit model for consumers and compares consumers’ participation willingness, emission reduction effect, and social benefits of consumers from the perspective of six kinds of low-carbon policies. The results show that the overall effect of the low-carbon policy mix of free quota is better than that of paid quota. In addition, different low-carbon policy mixes innovations have different policy implementation effects under different indicators. Overall, the low-carbon policy mix of carbon trading and emission reduction subsidy is better in the short term, and the low-carbon policy mix of carbon tax and emission reduction subsidy is better in the long term.
The Relationship among Physical Activity, Intestinal Flora, and Cardiovascular Disease
Authors: Yan Qiuyu , Zhai Wenhui , Yang Chenghao , Li Zihao , Mao Longfei , Zhao Mingyi , Wu Xiushan
Published: October 2021

Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), which are associated with high morbidity and mortality worldwide, include atherosclerosis (AS), hypertension, heart failure (HF), atrial fibrillation, and myocardial fibrosis. CVDs are influenced by the diversity, distribution, and metabolites of intestinal microflora, and their risk can be reduced through physical activity (PA) such as regular exercise. PA benefits the metabolic changes that occur in the gut microbiota (GM). The major metabolites of the GM influence pathogenesis of CVDs through various pathways. However, the relationship between PA and GM is less well understood. In this review, we discuss the impacts of different types of PA on intestinal microflora including the diversity, distribution, metabolites, and intestinal barrier function including intestinal permeability, with a focus on the mechanisms by which PA affects GM. We also discuss how GM influences CVDs. Finally, we summarize current research and knowledge on the effects of PA on CVD via regulation of the GM and intestinal function. More understanding of relevant relationship between PA and GM may provide hope for the prevention or treatment of CVDs. Furthermore, a better understanding of regulation of the GM and intestinal function may lead to novel diagnostic and therapeutic strategies, improving the clinical care of CVD patients.
High Concurrent News Communication Strategy Based on Reliable Routing in Wireless Sensor Networks
Authors: Yin Cui
Published: October 2021

Since information sensing transmission is an inherent requirement of wireless sensor networks, this paper analyzes the traditional reliability routing algorithm that treats all data groups indiscriminately and cannot make the data groups containing important information preferentially transmitted to the sink node and consume too much energy on unimportant data. The healthy development of news communication can be promoted from the three aspects of audience supervision, platform control, and government supervision, and a cross‐platform operation model can be established to enhance the sociality of the platform and improve new media technologies to achieve accurate push. This paper attempts to sort out the current news and information communication strategies comprehensively from the aspects of content, communication, operation, and profit in the process of news and information communication from production to profit. The communication strategy of news and information communication is highly adaptable to the 4I principle of network marketing. And from the audience supervision, platform control, and government supervision, these three aspects promote the healthy development of news communication news, establish cross‐platform operation mode to enhance the sociality of the platform, improve new media technology to achieve accurate push, innovate business model, enhance liquidity, and so on.
COVID‐19 Diagnosis from CT Images with Convolutional Neural Network Optimized by Marine Predator Optimization Algorithm
Authors: Jia Huaping , Zhao Junlong , Arshaghi Ali
Published: October 2021

In recent years, almost every country in the world has struggled against the spread of Coronavirus Disease 2019. If governments and public health systems do not take action against the spread of the disease, it will have a severe impact on human life. A noteworthy technique to stop this pandemic is diagnosing COVID‐19 infected patients and isolating them instantly. The present study proposes a method for the diagnosis of COVID‐19 from CT images. The method is a hybrid method based on convolutional neural network which is optimized by a newly introduced metaheuristic, called marine predator optimization algorithm. This optimization method is performed to improve the system accuracy. The method is then implemented on the chest CT scans with the COVID‐19‐related findings (MosMedData) dataset, and the results are compared with three other methods from the literature to indicate the method’s performance. The final results indicate that the proposed method with 98.11% accuracy, 98.13% precision, 98.66% sensitivity, and 97.26% F1 score has the highest performance in all indicators than the compared methods which shows its higher accuracy and reliability.
Ethnotherapeutic Uses and Phytochemical Composition of Physalis peruviana L.: An Overview
Authors: Kasali Félicien Mushagalusa , Tusiimire Jonans , Kadima Justin Ntokamunda , Tolo Casim Umba , Weisheit Anke , Agaba Amon Ganafa
Published: October 2021

Background. Plant-derived medicines are widespread and continue to increase in traditional and modern medicine, especially in developing countries. Physalis peruviana L. is among the most used plants in conventional medication worldwide. This review aimed to highlight the ethnotherapeutic uses and phytochemical status of identified compounds in P. peruviana. Methods. Data were collected from Google Scholar, PubMed/Medline, SciFinder, Science Direct, Scopus, the Wiley Online Library, Web of Science, and any other helpful search engine using Physalis peruviana as the primary keyword. Results. Some countries, worldwide, use P. peruviana in their traditional medicine system to manage diverse ailments, mainly diseases and gastrointestinal tract disorders (25.33%). Leaf was the mostly used part (49.28%), prepared by decoction (31.58%) and overall administrated orally (53.57%) as the main route of admission. Around 502 phytoconstituents were identified in different plant parts, especially fruit (38.19%) ethanol/ethyl acetate extract. In most cases (36.17%), the solvent of the extract was not specified. Several phytochemical classes were found in the plant, especially terpenes (26.09%) and phenolic compounds (14.94%). Esters were also abundant (11.55%). In the terpenes category, carotenoids were the most abundant (11.15% followed by monoterpenes (8.76%) and diterpenes (3.18%). However, flavonoids (5.17%) followed by cinnamic acid derivatives (3.99%), monophenolic compounds (1.79%), and phenolic acids (1.33 M) are the most reported phenolic compounds. Hexadecanoic acid (palmitic acid) was the most cited (five times). Conclusion. P. peruviana plays an essential role in managing diseases in some countries and is rich in chemical compounds, which need to be isolated and investigated pharmacologically before clinical trials.
Research on Networking Algorithm of Distributed FBG Sensor Network
Authors: Wang Juan , Liu Zhichao , Yang Jinhua , Zhang Zhentao
Published: October 2021

The status monitoring of industrial process equipment is of great significance to its production energy efficiency and safety. A state monitoring system for complex surface structures based on the distributed FBG sensor network is proposed. The system adopts the FBG network and realizes the calculation of the stress field of the complex surface through the FBG layout design at different positions in the three-dimensional space. A 32-channel FBG sensor network is designed, and the light source, demodulation module, and processing system are selected and analyzed. On the basis of building the FBG sensor network, the stress field test was carried out on the industrial process equipment. For complex three-dimensional surface structures, an optical scanner is used for position offset calibration. Experiments show that when force is applied to the center point, the slope of the FBG at the best sensitive position is 0.715 pm/N; when force is applied on both sides, the maximum slope in the positive direction is 0.348 pm/N and the maximum slope in the negative direction is −0.381 pm/N. After data fusion correction is used, the average error of the three-dimensional position offset of the test data is 6.85%. It can be seen that the FBG network has the ability to monitor the state of complex surface structures in the industrial engineering equipment.
Experimental Study on the Suspension Amount of Invasion Gas in Drilling Fluid with Yield Stress
Authors: Liu Hongtao , Jin Yan , Guo Bing
Published: October 2021

The gas suspension phenomenon caused by the yield stress of the drilling fluid affects the accurate calculation of wellbore pressure after gas invasion. At present, most studies on the bubble suspension in the yield stress fluid focus on the single-bubble suspension condition and there are few studies on the gas suspension concentration. This paper carried out the GSC (gas suspension concentration) experiment in the simulated drilling fluid, xanthan solution, with different gas invasion methods. The GSC in the drilling fluid under the conditions of diffuse gas invasion and differential pressure gas invasion was simulated by using two methods of stir-depressurization and continuous ventilation. The results showed that when the size of a single bubble satisfied the single-bubble suspension condition, multiple bubbles can be suspended at the same time. The GSC is affected by the average size of the suspended bubbles, the yield stress of the drilling fluid, and the gas invasion modes. For different gas invasion modes, the empirical models of critical GSC related to the dimensionless number

Bi

are established. Compared with the experimental data, the relative error of the critical GSC in diffuse gas invasion is less than 6% and the relative error of the critical GSC in differential pressure gas invasion is less than 10%. The results of this work can provide guiding significance for accurate calculation of wellbore pressure.
Significance of Thermophoretic and Brownian Motion on MHD Nanofluids Flow towards a Circular Cylinder under the Inspiration of Multiple Slips: An Industrial Application
Authors: Majeed Aaqib , Zubair Muhammad , Khan Adnan , Muhammad Taseer , Alqarni M.S.
Published: October 2021

In this article, MHD flow of silver/water nanofluid past a stretched cylinder under the impact of thermal radiation with chemical reaction and slip condition is studied. The impact of Soret and Dufour effect is also analyzed during this flow. The uniqueness of the given problem is enlarged with the insertion of variable magnetic field, free stream velocity, thermal slip condition, and nonlinear thermal radiation. The PDEs are converted to ODEs by using suitable similarity transformation. The nonlinear system of ODEs is solved by applying convergent homotopy analysis method (HAM). The velocity, temperature, and concentration profiles for the free stream and at the plate are discussed through graphs and numerical tables. It is found that velocity field reduces, while the temperature profile rises for the increasing values of magnetic parameter. It is examined that effects of curvature on frication factor are increasing. Furthermore, temperature profile increases for greater Brownian motion and thermophoresis parameters. Transfer of heat enhances decreasing the radius of the cylinder also with heat generation parameter. The skin friction can be reduced by enhancing free stream and wall stretching velocities ratio. Velocity profile of the flow can be controlled by enhancing velocity slip and magnetic field.
Sentiment Classification for Financial Texts Based on Deep Learning
Authors: Dong Shanshan , Liu Chang
Published: October 2021

Sentiment classification for financial texts is of great importance for predicting stock markets and financial crises. At present, with the popularity of applications in the field of natural language processing (NLP) adopting deep learning, the application of automatic text classification and text‐based sentiment classification has become more and more extensive. However, in the field of financial text‐based sentiment classification, due to a lack of labeled samples, such applications are limited. A domain‐adaptation‐based financial text sentiment classification method is proposed in this paper, which can adopt source domain (SD) text data with sentiment labels and a large amount of unlabeled target domain (TD) financial text data as training samples for the proposed neural network. The proposed method is a cross‐domain transfer‐learning‐based method. The domain classification subnetwork is added to the original neural network, and the domain classification loss function is also added to the original training loss function. Therefore, the network can simultaneously adapt to the target domain and then accomplish the classification task. The experiment of the proposed sentiment classification transfer learning method is carried out through an open‐source dataset. The proposed method in this paper uses the reviews of Amazon Books, DVDs, electronics, and kitchen appliances as the source domain for cross‐domain learning, and the classification accuracy rates can reach 65.0%, 61.2%, 61.6%, and 66.3%, respectively. Compared with nontransfer learning, the classification accuracy rate has improved by 11.0%, 7.6%, 11.4%, and 13.4%, respectively.
CytoSorb® Hemoadsorption as a Promising Tool to Handle COVID-19-Induced Cytokine Storm
Authors: Acevedo Alice-Christin , Zoller Michael , Scharf Christina , Liebchen Uwe , Irlbeck Michael , Schroeder Ines
Published: October 2021

Accumulating evidence suggests that a patient subgroup with severe COVID-19 develops a cytokine release syndrome leading to capillary leakage and organ injury. Recent publications addressing therapy of cytokine storms recommended new extracorporeal therapies such as hemoadsorption. This case report describes a 59-year-old SARS-CoV-2-positive patient with severe ARDS. Due to severe hyperinflammation with concomitant hemodynamic instability and progressive renal failure, combination of continuous renal replacement and CytoSorb® hemoadsorption therapy was initiated. Treatment resulted immediately in a control of the hyperinflammatory response. Simultaneously, lung function continued to improve accompanied by profound hemodynamic stabilization. We report the successful utilization of CytoSorb® hemoadsorption in the treatment of a patient with SARS-CoV-2-induced cytokine storm syndrome.
Utilisation Trend of Long‐Acting Insulin Analogues including Biosimilars across Europe: Findings and Implications
Authors: Godman Brian , Wladysiuk Magdalene , McTaggart Stuart , Kurdi Amanj , Allocati Eleonora , Jakovljevic Mihajlo , Kalemeera Francis , Hoxha Iris , Nachtnebel Anna , Sauermann Robert , Hinteregger Manfred , Marković-Peković Vanda , Tubic Biljana , Petrova Guenka , Tachkov Konstantin , Slabý Juraj , Nejezchlebova Radka , Krulichová Iva Selke , Laius Ott , Selke Gisbert , Langner Irene , Harsanyi András , Inotai András , Jakupi Arianit , Henkuzens Svens , Garuolienė Kristina , Gulbinovič Jolanta , Bonanno Patricia Vella , Rutkowski Jakub , Ingeberg Skule , Melien Øyvind , Mardare Ileana , Fürst Jurij , MacBride-Stewart Sean , Holmes Carol , Pontes Caridad , Zara Corinne , Pedrola Marta Turu , Hoffmann Mikael , Kourafalos Vasileios , Pisana Alice , Banzi Rita , Campbell Stephen , Wettermark Bjorn
Published: October 2021

Background. Diabetes mellitus rates and associated costs continue to rise across Europe enhancing health authority focus on its management. The risk of complications is enhanced by poor glycaemic control, with long‐acting insulin analogues developed to reduce hypoglycaemia and improve patient convenience. There are concerns though with their considerably higher costs, but moderated by reductions in complications and associated costs. Biosimilars can help further reduce costs. However, to date, price reductions for biosimilar insulin glargine appear limited. In addition, the originator company has switched promotional efforts to more concentrated patented formulations to reduce the impact of biosimilars. There are also concerns with different devices between the manufacturers. As a result, there is a need to assess current utilisation rates for insulins, especially long‐acting insulin analogues and biosimilars, and the rationale for patterns seen, among multiple European countries to provide future direction. Methodology. Health authority databases are examined to assess utilisation and expenditure patterns for insulins, including biosimilar insulin glargine. Explanations for patterns seen were provided by senior‐level personnel. Results. Typically increasing use of long‐acting insulin analogues across Europe including both Western and Central and Eastern European countries reflects perceived patient benefits despite higher prices. However, activities by the originator company to switch patients to more concentrated insulin glargine coupled with lowering prices towards biosimilars have limited biosimilar uptake, with biosimilars not currently launched in a minority of European countries. A number of activities were identified to address this. Enhancing the attractiveness of the biosimilar insulin market is essential to encourage other biosimilar manufacturers to enter the market as more long‐acting insulin analogues lose their patents to benefit all key stakeholder groups. Conclusions. There are concerns with the availability and use of insulin glargine biosimilars among European countries despite lower costs. This can be addressed.
Myeloid-Derived Suppressive Cell Expansion Promotes Melanoma Growth and Autoimmunity by Inhibiting CD40/IL27 Regulation in Macrophages
Authors: Valencia Julio C. , Erwin-Cohen Rebecca A. , Clavijo Paul E. , Allen Clint , Sanford Michael E. , Day Chi-Ping , Hess Megan M. , Johnson Morgan , Yin Jie , Fenimore John M. , Bettencourt Ian A. , Tsuneyama Koichi , Romero Maria E. , Klarmann Kimberly D. , Jiang Peng , Bae Heekyong R. , McVicar Daniel W. , Merlino Glenn , Edmondson Elijah F. , Anandasabapathy Niroshana , Young Howard A.
Published: October 2021

The relationship between cancer and autoimmunity is complex. However, the incidence of solid tumors such as melanoma has increased significantly among patients with previous or newly diagnosed systemic autoimmune disease (AID). At the same time, immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) therapy of cancer induces de novo autoinflammation and exacerbates underlying AID, even without evident antitumor responses. Recently, systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) activity was found to drive myeloid-derived suppressor cell (MDSC) formation in patients, a known barrier to healthy immune surveillance and successful cancer immunotherapy. Cross-talk between MDSCs and macrophages generally drives immune suppressive activity in the tumor microenvironment. However, it remains unclear how peripheral pregenerated MDSC under chronic inflammatory conditions modulates global macrophage immune functions and the impact it could have on existing tumors and underlying lupus nephritis. Here we show that pathogenic expansion of SLE-generated MDSCs by melanoma drives global macrophage polarization and simultaneously impacts the severity of lupus nephritis and tumor progression in SLE-prone mice. Molecular and functional data showed that MDSCs interact with autoimmune macrophages and inhibit cell surface expression of CD40 and the production of IL27. Moreover, low CD40/IL27 signaling in tumors correlated with high tumor-associated macrophage infiltration and ICB therapy resistance both in murine and human melanoma exhibiting active IFNγ signatures. These results suggest that preventing global macrophage reprogramming induced by MDSC-mediated inhibition of CD40/IL27 signaling provides a precision melanoma immunotherapy strategy, supporting an original and advantageous approach to treat solid tumors within established autoimmune landscapes.

Significance:

Myeloid-derived suppressor cells induce macrophage reprogramming by suppressing CD40/IL27 signaling to drive melanoma progression, simultaneously affecting underlying autoimmune disease and facilitating resistance to immunotherapy within preexisting autoimmune landscapes.
Online efficiency optimization of IPMSM for electric vehicles
Authors: Elsherbiny Hanaa , Ahmed Mohamed Kamal , Elwany Mahmoud A.
Published: October 2021

This paper presents an online efficiency optimization method for the interior permanent magnet synchronous motor (IPMSM) drive system in an electric vehicle (EV). The proposed method considers accurately the total system losses including fundamental copper and iron losses, harmonic copper and iron losses, magnet loss, and inverter losses. Therefore, it has the capability to always guarantee maximum efficiency control. A highly trusted machine model is built using finite element analysis (FEA). This model considers accurately the magnetic saturation, spatial harmonics, and iron loss effect. The overall system efficiency is estimated online based on the accurate determination of system loss, and then the optimum current angle is defined online for the maximum efficiency per ampere (MEPA) control. A series of results is conducted to show the effectiveness and fidelity of proposed method. The results show the superior performance of proposed method over the conventional offline efficiency optimization methods.
Reduction of total harmonic distortion of three-phase inverter using alternate switching strategy
Authors: Ramli Nur Arifah , Jidin Auzani , Rasin Zulhani , Sutikno Tole
Published: October 2021

Alternating current (AC) electrical drives mainly require smaller current (or torque) ripples and lower total harmonic distortion (THD) of voltage for excellent drive performances. Normally, in practice, to achieve these requirements, the inverter needs to be operated at high switching frequency. By operating at high switching frequency, the size of filter can be reduced. However, the inverter which oftenly employs insulated gate bipolar transistor (IGBT) for high power applications cannot be operated at high switching frequency. This is because, the IGBT switching frequency cannot be operated above 50 kHz due to its thermal restrictions. This paper proposes an alternate switching strategy to enable the use of IGBT for operating the inverter at high switching frequency to improve THD performances. In this strategy, each IGBT in a group of switches in the modified inverter circuit will operate the switching frequency at one-fourth of the inverter switching frequency. The alternate switching is implemented using simple analog and digital integrated circuits.
Wind speed modeling based on measurement data to predict future wind speed with modified Rayleigh model
Authors: Suwarno Suwarno , Rohana Rohana
Published: October 2021

The development of modeling wind speed plays a very important in helping to obtain the actual wind speed data for the benefit of the power plant planning in the future. The wind speed in this paper is obtained from a PCE-FWS 20 type measuring instrument with a duration of 30 minutes which is accumulated into monthly data for one year (2019). Despite the many wind speed modeling that has been done by researchers. Modeling wind speeds proposed in this study were obtained from the modified Rayleigh distribution. In this study, the Rayleigh scale factor (Cr) and modified Rayleigh scale factor (Cm) were calculated. The observed wind speed is compared with the predicted wind characteristics. The data fit test used correlation coefficient (R2), root means square error (RMSE), and mean absolute percentage error (MAPE). The results of the proposed modified Rayleigh model provide very good results for users.
Performance of solar modules integrated with reflector
Authors: Al Asfar Jamil , Sakhrieh Ahmad , Al-Nayfeh Waleed , Ghandoor Ahmad
Published: October 2021

This study investigates experimentally the performance of two-dimensional solar tracking systems with reflector using commercial silicon based photovoltaic module, with open and closed loop control systems. Different reflector materials were also investigated. The experiments were performed at the Hashemite University campus in Zarqa at a latitude of 32⁰, in February and March. Photovoltaic output power and performance were analyzed. It was found that the modified photovoltaic module with mirror reflector generated the highest value of power, while the temperature reached a maximum value of 53 ̊ C. The modified module suggested in this study produced 5% more PV power than the two-dimensional solar tracking systems without reflector and produced 12.5% more PV power than the fixed PV module with 26⁰ tilt angle.
Sobre a práxis da Análise do Discurso da Sociologia do Conhecimento
Authors: Keller Reiner , Martineschen Daniel
Published: October 2021

Este artigo é uma introdução à Análise do Discurso da Sociologia do Conhecimento (ADSC). Trata-se de uma abordagem da pesquisa discursiva dentro das ciências sociais que goza de antiga recepção no espaço de língua alemã e recentemente também em âmbito internacional. Essa abordagem combina a análise de regimes de saber/poder postulada por Foucault com o paradigma interpretativo da sociologia, em especial com a tradição pragmática do interacionismo simbólico e da sociologia do conhecimento social-construtivista. São apresentados importantes conceitos fundamentais, além de sugestões para a metodologia e a aplicação metódica de estudos discursivos correspondentes.
Eficácia da aferição de temperatura corporal no combate a COVID-19: uma revisão bibliográfica
Authors: Beni Giovana Muniz , Gomes Isabela Pontarolo , Carvalho João Eduardo , Koga Julia Naomi , Silva Lucas Gabriel Pereto , Marques Gustavo Lenci , Almeida Bernado Machado Montesanti de
Published: October 2021

Introdução: Em dezembro de 2019 surgiu o primeiro caso de COVID-19, a qual nos meses seguintes se tornou uma doença de caráter pandêmico. Dentre os principais sintomas associados a tal, febre, tosse e vômito são os mais recorrentes. Por esta razão, na busca por reduzir a contaminação em ambientes públicos, diversos estabelecimentos passaram a realizar triagens por aferição de temperatura nas entradas e/ou saídas, visando identificar possíveis indivíduos contaminados. Esta revisão visa avaliar a eficácia deste método de triagem para diagnóstico de COVID-19. Metodologia/Resultados: Esta revisão foi desenvolvida a partir da busca de artigos na base eletrônica de dados Pubmed, utilizando os descritores “Fever”, “Body Temperature”, “Mass screening”, “Diagnosis” e “COVID-19”. A seleção dos artigos foi realizada em pares às cegas e resultou na coleta de 8 artigos. A exposição e discussão dos resultados se diz respeito à transmissão na fase oligossintomática, uso dos termômetros e impacto epidemiológico. Discussão e Conclusão: A atual literatura não apresenta evidência suficiente favorável ao uso da triagem por temperatura e diversos estudos são contrários ao seu uso, dado baixa especificidade e sensibilidade. Em contrapartida, há ganhos secundários positivos, tais como a conscientização sobre a pandemia e o alerta sobre os cuidados necessários neste momento.
Endothelial METTL3 (Methyltransferase-Like 3) Inhibits Fibrinolysis by Promoting PAI-1 (Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor-1) Expression Through Enhancing Jun Proto-Oncogene N6-Methyladenosine Modification
Authors: Bai Qin , Lu Yao , Chen Yanhua , Zhang Han , Zhang Weiwei , Wu Huang , Wen Aiqing
Published: October 2021

Objective:

METTL3 (methyltransferase-like protein 3)-mediated N
6
-methyladenosine modification is the most abundant RNA modification on eukaryote mRNAs and plays a crucial role in diverse physiological and pathological processes. However, whether N
6
-methyladenosine modification has function in thrombosis is unknown. This study aims to determine the role of METTL3 in the endothelial cells-mediated thrombosis.

Approach and Results:

RNA-sequencing and real-time quantitative PCR revealed that the expression of PAI-1 (plasminogen activator inhibitor-1) was downregulated in METTL3 knockdown human umbilical vein endothelial cells. In vitro experiments showed that METTL3 suppressed fibrinolysis. Mechanically, RNA methylation sequencing and meRIP-quantitative real-time PCR showed that METTL3 catalyzed N
6
-methyladenosine modification on 3′ UTR of
JUN
mRNA. Western blotting analysis showed that METTL3 promoted JUN protein expression. Chromatin immunoprecipitation analysis demonstrated that JUN bound to the PAI-1 promoter in human umbilical vein endothelial cells. Furthermore, mice challenged with lipopolysaccharide resulted in higher METTL3 expression in vessels. Endothelial-specific knockdown of
Mettl3
decreased expression of active PAI-1 in plasma and attenuated fibrin deposition in livers and lungs during endotoxemia.

Conclusions:

Our study reveals that METTL3-mediated N
6
-methyladenosine modification plays a crucial role in fibrinolysis and is an underlying target for the therapy of thrombotic disorders.
Cardiac Resident Macrophages Prevent Fibrosis and Stimulate Angiogenesis
Authors: Revelo Xavier S. , Parthiban Preethy , Chen Chen , Barrow Fanta , Fredrickson Gavin , Wang Haiguang , Yücel Doğacan , Herman Adam , van Berlo Jop H.
Published: October 2021

Rationale:

The initial hypertrophy response to cardiac pressure overload is considered compensatory, but with sustained stress, it eventually leads to heart failure. Recently, a role for recruited macrophages in determining the transition from compensated to decompensated hypertrophy has been established. However, whether cardiac resident immune cells influence the early phase of hypertrophy development has not been established.

Objective:

To assess the role of cardiac immune cells in the early hypertrophy response to cardiac pressure overload induced by transverse aortic constriction (TAC).

Methods and Results:

We performed cytometry by time-of-flight to determine the identity and abundance of immune cells in the heart at 1 and 4 weeks after TAC. We observed a substantial increase in cardiac macrophages 1 week after TAC. We then conducted Cite-Seq single-cell RNA sequencing of cardiac immune cells isolated from 4 sham and 6 TAC hearts. We identified 12 clusters of monocytes and macrophages, categorized as either resident or recruited macrophages, that showed remarkable changes in their abundance between sham and TAC conditions. To determine the role of cardiac resident macrophages early in the response to a hypertrophic stimulus, we used a blocking antibody against macrophage colony-stimulating factor 1 receptor (CD115). As blocking CD115 initially depletes all macrophages, we allowed the replenishment of recruited macrophages by monocytes before performing TAC. This preferential depletion of resident macrophages resulted in enhanced fibrosis and a blunted angiogenesis response to TAC. Macrophage depletion in CCR2 (C-C chemokine receptor type 2) knockout mice showed that aggravated fibrosis was primarily caused by the recruitment of monocyte-derived macrophages. Finally, 6 weeks after TAC these early events lead to depressed cardiac function and enhanced fibrosis, despite complete restoration of cardiac immune cells.

Conclusions:

Cardiac resident macrophages are a heterogeneous population of immune cells with key roles in stimulating angiogenesis and inhibiting fibrosis in response to cardiac pressure overload.