bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Future temperature-related hospitalizations from cardiovascular diseases among rural residents in southeastern China considering population aging
Authors: Zhan Zhi-Ying , Yang Jun , Zhong Xue , Xie Xiao-Xu , Liu De-Li , Zheng Zhen-Quan , Hu Zhi-Jian
Published: August 2023

Future climate changes are projected to adversely affect mortality risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) in urbanized regions. However, future temperature-related excess CVD hospitalizations in rural residents with poorer socioeconomic status is not well understood. Moreover, influence of aging and declining rural population are rarely considered. Using CVD hospitalizations in rural residents during 2010–2016 in eight regions in southeastern China, the region-specific temperature-CVD associations were estimated by generalized additive models, which were combined by a meta-regression. We projected excess CVD hospitalizations due to temperature using regional associations for 27 climate models under scenarios of climate change for 2010–2099. To reveal the influences of aging and declining rural population, age-specific associations and future population change ratio were used to estimate age-specific number of temperature-related hospitalizations. We found that heat-related hospitalizations in rural residents from ischemic stroke, ischemic heart disease and cerebrovascular disease are projected to increase in the 2090 s, although the excess CVD hospitalizations associated with future temperature in rural residents will reduce in the 2090 s. Rural population aging amplifies temperature-related CVD burden by >2.34-fold under SSPs in the 2050 s compared to scenarios with only population declining, although rural population reduction will reduce the temperature-related CVD hospitalizations in the 2090 s. The elderly, male and those lived in Longyan and Sanming could be more affected. These findings suggest that future heat is projected to increase hospitalizations of some CVD subcategories. Policies are needed to mitigate increasing temperature and baseline hospitalization rate. The impact of population aging is noteworthy.
Transposable elements potentiate radiotherapy-induced cellular immune reactions via RIG-I-mediated virus-sensing pathways
Authors: Du Junyan , Kageyama Shun-Ichiro , Yamashita Riu , Tanaka Kosuke , Okumura Masayuki , Motegi Atsushi , Hojo Hidehiro , Nakamura Masaki , Hirata Hidenari , Sunakawa Hironori , Kotani Daisuke , Yano Tomonori , Kojima Takashi , Hamaya Yamato , Kojima Motohiro , Nakamura Yuka , Suzuki Ayako , Suzuki Yutaka , Tsuchihara Katsuya , Akimoto Tetsuo
Published: August 2023

Radiotherapy (RT) plus immunotherapy is a promising modality; however, the therapeutic effects are insufficient, and the molecular mechanism requires clarification to further develop combination therapies. Here, we found that the RNA virus sensor pathway dominantly regulates the cellular immune response in NSCLC and ESCC cell lines. Notably, transposable elements (TEs), especially long terminal repeats (LTRs), functioned as key ligands for the RNA virus sensor RIG-I, and the mTOR–LTR–RIG-I axis induced the cellular immune response and dendritic cell and macrophage infiltration after irradiation. Moreover, RIG-I-dependent immune activation was observed in ESCC patient tissue. scRNA sequencing and spatial transcriptome analysis revealed that radiotherapy induced the expression of LTRs, and the RNA virus sensor pathway in immune and cancer cells; this pathway was also found to mediate tumour conversion to an immunological hot state. Here, we report the upstream and ligand of the RNA virus sensor pathway functions in irradiated cancer tissues.
Controlling electromagnetic surface waves with conformal transformation optics
Authors: Zhao Xiaoyu , Deng Hong , Gao Xiaoke , Ma Xikui , Dong Tianyu
Published: August 2023

The application of transformation optics to the development of intriguing electromagnetic devices can produce weakly anisotropic or isotropic media with the assistance of quasi-conformal and/or conformal mapping, as opposed to the strongly anisotropic media produced by general mappings; however, it is typically limited to two-dimensional applications. By addressing the conformal mapping between two manifolds embedded in three-dimensional space, we demonstrate that electromagnetic surface waves can be controlled without introducing singularity and anisotropy into the device parameters. Using fruitful surface conformal parameterization methods, a near-perfect conformal mapping between smooth manifolds with arbitrary boundaries can be obtained. Illustrations of concealing and illusions, including surface Luneburg and Eaton lenses and black holes for surface waves, are provided. Our work brings the manipulation of surface waves at microwave and optical wavelengths one step closer.
Energy gap of topological surface states in proximity to a magnetic insulator
Authors: Wang Jiashu , Wang Tianyi , Ozerov Mykhaylo , Zhang Zhan , Bermejo-Ortiz Joaquin , Bac Seul-Ki , Trinh Hoai , Zhukovskyi Maksym , Orlova Tatyana , Ambaye Haile , Keum Jong , de Vaulchier Louis-Anne , Guldner Yves , Smirnov Dmitry , Lauter Valeria , Liu Xinyu , Assaf Badih A.
Published: August 2023

Topological surface-states can acquire an energy gap when time-reversal symmetry is broken by interfacing with a magnetic insulator. This gap has yet to be measured. Such topological-magnetic insulator heterostructures can host a quantized anomalous Hall effect and can allow the control of the magnetic state of the insulator in a spintronic device. In this work, we observe the energy gap of topological surface-states in proximity to a magnetic insulator using magnetooptical Landau level spectroscopy. We measure Pb1-xSnxSe–EuSe heterostructures grown by molecular beam epitaxy exhibiting a record mobility and low Fermi energy. Through temperature dependent measurements and theoretical calculations, we show this gap is likely due to quantum confinement and conclude that the magnetic proximity effect is weak in this system. This weakness is disadvantageous for the realization of the quantum anomalous Hall effect, but favorable for spintronic devices which require the preservation of spin-momentum locking at the Fermi level.
Active vanadium(iv) species synthesized at low-temperature facilitate excellent performance in low-temperature NOx-catalytic removal
Authors: Sun Liwei , Liu Peng , Xu Jianheng , Liu Kaijie , Zhang Zeshu , Zhang Yibo , Yang Xiangguang
Published: August 2023

V4+ species in a series of bulk vanadium oxide catalysts is more conducive to NH3 and O2 activation.
Ultrathin nanosheet-decorated honeycomb-like Co3O4 porous balls for high performance lithium-ion batteries
Authors: Wang Yumei , Song Jimei , Liu Fangfang , Lang Xiuting , Ren Lingyun
Published: August 2023

Honeycomb-like Co3O4 balls were synthesized by incorporating Co2+ source and SiO2 precursor. It showed a capacity of 726 mAh g−1 at 0.5 A g−1 over 230 cycles and impressive 540 mAh g−1 at 2 A g−1 over 500 cycles.
SiO outflows in the most luminous and massive protostellar sources of the southern sky
Authors: Guerra-Varas N. , Merello M. , Bronfman L. , Duronea N. , Elia D. , Finger R. , Mendoza E.
Published: August 2023

Context.High-mass star formation is far less understood than low-mass star formation. It entails the ejection of matter through molecular outflows, which disturbs the protostellar clump. Studying these outflows and the shocked gas caused by them is the key to a better understanding of this process.

Aims.The present study aims to characterise the behaviour of molecular outflows in the most massive protostellar sources in the southern Galaxy by looking for evolutionary trends and associating the presence of shocked gas with outflow activity.

Methods.We present APEX SEPIA180 (Band 5) observations (beamwidth ~36″) of SiO(4-3) molecular outflow candidates towards a well-selected sample of 32 luminous and dense clumps, which are candidates for harbouring hot molecular cores. We study the emission of the SiO(4-3) line, which is an unambiguous tracer of shocked gas, and recent and active outflow activity, as well as the HCO+(2-1) and H13CO+(2-1) lines.

Results.Results show that 78% of our sample (25 sources) present SiO emission, revealing the presence of shocked gas. Nine of these sources are also found to have wings in the HCO+(2-1) line, indicating outflow activity. The SiO emission of these nine sources is generally more intense (Ta> 1 K) and wider (~61 km s−1FWZP) than the rest of the clumps with SiO detection (~42 km s−1FWZP), suggesting that the outflows in this group are faster and more energetic. This indicates that the shocked material gets dispersed as the core evolves and outflow activity decreases. Three positive linear correlations are found: a weak one (between the bolometric luminosity and outflow power) and two strong ones (one between the outflow power and the rate of matter expulsion and the other between the kinetic energy and outflow mass). These correlations suggest that more energetic outflows are able to mobilise more material. No correlation was found between the evolutionary stage indicator L/M and SiO outflow properties, supporting that molecular outflows happen throughout the whole high-mass star formation process.

Conclusions.We conclude that sources with both SiO emission and HCO+wings and sources with only SiO emission are in an advanced stage of evolution in the high-mass star formation process, and there is no clear evolutionary difference between them. The former present more massive and more powerful SiO outflows than the latter. Therefore, looking for more outflow signatures such as HCO+wings could help identify more massive and active massive star-forming regions in samples of similarly evolved sources, and could also help identify sources with older outflow activity.
Radio multiwavelength analysis of the compact disk CX Tau: Presence of strong free-free variability or anomalous microwave emission
Authors: Curone P. , Testi L. , Macías E. , Tazzari M. , Facchini S. , Williams J. P. , Clarke C. J. , Natta A. , Rosotti G. , Toci C. , Lodato G.
Published: August 2023

Protoplanetary disks emit radiation across a broad range of wavelengths, requiring a multiwavelength approach to fully understand their physical mechanisms and how they form planets. Observations at submillimeter to centimeter wavelengths can provide insights into the thermal emission from dust, free-free emission from ionized gas, and possible gyro-synchrotron emission from the stellar magnetosphere. This work is focused on CX Tau, a ~0.4M⊙star with an extended gas emission and a compact and apparently structureless dust disk, with an average millimeter flux compared to Class II sources in Taurus. We present observations from theKarl G. JanskyVery Large Array across four bands (between 9.0 mm and 6.0 cm) and combine them with archival data from the Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array, the Submillimeter Array, and the Plateau de Bure Interferometer. This multiwavelength approach allows us to separate the dust continuum from other emissions. After isolating the dust thermal emission, we derived an upper limit of the dust disk extent at 1.3 cm, which is consistent with theoretical predictions of a radial drift-dominated disk. The centimeter data show a peculiar behavior: deep observations at 6.0 cm did not detect the source, while at 1.3 cm, the flux density is anomalously higher than adjacent bands. Intraband spectral indices suggest a dominant contribution from free-free emission, whereas gyro-synchrotron emission is excluded. To explain these observations, we propose a strong variability among the free-free emission with timescales shorter than a month. Another possible interpretation is the presence of anomalous microwave emission from spinning dust grains.
The socioeconomic status of adult children, intergenerational support, and the well-being of Chinese older adults
Authors: Zheng Zhenhua , Sun Ning , Yang Liu , Liu Wanting , Lu Yingchen , Chu Yusu , Chen Hong
Published: August 2023

The well-being of older adults is significantly influenced by their adult children, especially in countries with less developed welfare systems. We aim to examine the relationship between children’s intergenerational support, children’s socioeconomic status and the well-being of older adults, as well as compare the differences among various elderly groups. The data in our research are from the 2014 China Longitudinal Aging Social Survey. The survey covered 29 provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities in China with 9146 valid samples. We adopted descriptive statistical analysis and structural equation modeling to analyze the data, and the bootstrap method to test the mediating effects. Our results indicate that the children’s education level and intergenerational support do not significantly affect the well-being of all groups of older adults in China. However, the financial conditions of adult children have a significant and direct impact on the well-being of all groups of older adults. From one child to multiple children, the impact of children’s financial condition on the well-being of older adults is 0.360, 0.452, 0.412 in three urban groups and 0.496, 0.468, 0.443 in three rural groups, specifically. The influence of adult children’s financial conditions on the well-being of all groups of older adults in China is significant, surpassing that of children’s education level and intergenerational support. Moreover, the impact of children’s socioeconomic status on the well-being of older adults is primarily through direct effects, with minimal intervention from intergenerational support. For older adults in China, "whether my children are living well" is more important than "what they could give me".
Results of a 12-Month Randomized Controlled Trial Testing the Efficacy of the Diabetes Prevention Program Group Lifestyle Balance (DPP-GLB) for People Post Stroke (GLB-CVA)
Authors: Driver Simon , McShan Evan , Swank Chad , Calhoun Stephanie , Douglas Megan , Suhalka Alexandria , Bennett Monica , Callender Librada , Ochoa Christa , Mukkamala Sridevi , Kramer Kaye
Published: August 2023

Background

Experience of stroke is associated with an increased risk for diabetes and metabolic syndrome, yet few interventions exist that have been tailored to the population’s unique needs.

Purpose

To examine adherence and efficacy of the Diabetes Prevention Program Group Lifestyle Balance program (DPP-GLB) modified for individuals post stroke (GLB-CVA) using a randomized controlled trial.

Methods

Adults (18–85 years of age), >12 months post stroke, and body mass index ≥25 kg/m2 were included in this study. Sixty-five individuals were assigned to either the GLB-CVA intervention or a 6-month wait-list control. Participants completed the 12-month GLB-CVA intervention, with attendance and assessment of weight, anthropometric, biomarker, functional, and patient reported outcome data collected at baseline, 3, 6, and 12 months.

Results

High attendance (90%) and dietary and activity tracking (71%) suggest high adherence to the 12-month GLB-CVA. Six-month randomized controlled trial data indicate significant weight loss (p = .005) in the GLB-CVA group (7.4 ± 13.6 lbs, 3.65%) compared with the wait-list control (0.1 ± 10.1 lbs, 0%), and improvements in arm circumference (p = .04), high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol (p = .028), 8-year diabetes risk (p = .011), and pain interference (p < .001). Combined 12-month data showed participants lost 10.1 ± 16.8 lbs (4.88%) and improved waist circumference (p = .001), HbA1c (3.6%), diastolic blood pressure (p < .001), pain (p = .001), social participation (p = .025), and eating practices (p = .01) and habits (p < .001).

Conclusions

Engagement in the GLB-CVA can result in weight loss and improved health for individuals who are overweight or obese following stroke. Future efforts should examine effectiveness in real-world settings and focus on knowledge translation efforts.
Difference of Systolic Blood Pressure Between Arms and Its Influencing Factors Among People Over 35 Years Old in China
Authors: Chen Xuelian , Wang Xin , Zhang Linfeng , Chen Zuo , Li Suning , Ma Mingyan , Zheng Congyi , Zhou Haoqi , Chen Lu , Cao Xue , Hu Jihong , Wang Zeng-wu
Published: August 2023

Background

To investigate the detection of the increase of interarm systolic pressure difference (IASBPD) in people aged ≥35 years in our country and its related factors.

Methods

Stratified multistage sampling method was used to randomly select 262 urban and rural residents from 31 provinces from 2012 to 2015. Further, simple random sampling method was used to select 16 cities and 17 rural residents from eastern, central, and western regions. A total of 34,121 subjects aged ≥35 years were analyzed after removing the missing information. Data were collected by questionnaire, and blood pressure in both arms was measured by ankle–brachial index meter. All data were analyzed by SPSS 23.0 software. Continuous data were expressed as mean ± SD. Comparison between groups was performed using t-test if it was normal distribution, and rank-sum test if it was not. Categorical data were expressed as frequency sum rate or constituent ratio, χ2 test was used for comparison of various rates and constituent ratio, and rank-sum test was used for rank data. Multivariate logistic regression was used to analyze the influencing factors of IASBPD increase.

Results

The detection rates of IASBPD ≥10 and ≥15 mm Hg were 16.31% and 7.55%, respectively. The detection rate of IASBPD ≥10 mm Hg in males was higher than that in females (P < 0.05). Multivariate logistic regression showed that age, family history of hypertension, low HDL-C, hypertension, and abdominal obesity were risk factors for IASBPD ≥10 and 15 mm Hg (all P < 0.05).

Conclusions

The detection rates of IASBPD ≥10 and 15 mm Hg are 16.31% and 7.55%, respectively, in Chinese ≥35 years old people, and age, low HDL-C emia, family history of hypertension, hypertension, and abdominal obesity are the influencing factors of large differences in interarm blood pressure.
Consensus-defined sarcopenia predicts adverse outcomes after elective abdominal surgery: meta-analysis
Authors: Park Brittany , Bhat Sameer , Xia Weisi , Barazanchi Ahmed W H , Frampton Christopher , Hill Andrew G , MacCormick Andrew D
Published: August 2023

Background

Sarcopenia refers to the progressive age- or pathology-associated loss of skeletal muscle. When measured radiologically as reduced muscle mass, sarcopenia has been shown to independently predict morbidity and mortality after elective abdominal surgery. However, the European Working Group on Sarcopenia in Older People (EWGSOP) recently updated their sarcopenia definition, emphasizing both low muscle ‘strength’ and ‘mass’. The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to determine the prognostic impact of this updated consensus definition of sarcopenia after elective abdominal surgery.

Methods

MEDLINE, Embase, Scopus, and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL) databases were systematically searched for studies comparing prognostic outcomes between sarcopenic versus non-sarcopenic adults after elective abdominal surgery from inception to 15 June 2022. The primary outcomes were postoperative morbidity and mortality. Sensitivity analyses adjusting for confounding patient factors were also performed. Methodological quality assessment of studies was performed independently by two authors using the QUality in Prognosis Studies (QUIPS) tool.

Results

Twenty articles with 5421 patients (1059 sarcopenic and 4362 non-sarcopenic) were included. Sarcopenic patients were at significantly greater risk of incurring postoperative complications, despite adjusted multivariate analysis (adjusted OR 1.56, 95 per cent c.i. 1.39 to 1.76). Sarcopenic patients also had significantly higher rates of in-hospital (OR 7.62, 95 per cent c.i. 2.86 to 20.34), 30-day (OR 3.84, 95 per cent c.i. 1.27 to 11.64), and 90-day (OR 3.73, 95 per cent c.i. 1.19 to 11.70) mortality. Sarcopenia was an independent risk factor for poorer overall survival in multivariate Cox regression analysis (adjusted HR 1.28, 95 per cent c.i. 1.13 to 1.44).

Conclusion

Consensus-defined sarcopenia provides important prognostic information after elective abdominal surgery and can be appropriately measured in the preoperative setting. Development of targeted exercise-based interventions that minimize sarcopenia may improve outcomes for patients who are undergoing elective abdominal surgery.
Homomeric interactions of the MPZ Ig domain and their relation to Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease
Authors: Ptak Christopher P , Peterson Tabitha A , Hopkins Jesse B , Ahern Christopher A , Shy Michael E , Piper Robert C
Published: August 2023

Mutations in MPZ (myelin protein zero) can cause demyelinating early-onset Charcot-Marie-Tooth type 1B disease or later onset type 2I/J disease characterized by axonal degeneration, reflecting the diverse roles of MPZ in Schwann cells. MPZ holds apposing membranes of the myelin sheath together, with the adhesion role fulfilled by its extracellular immunoglobulin-like domain (IgMPZ), which oligomerizes.

Models for how the IgMPZ might form oligomeric assemblies has been extrapolated from a protein crystal structure in which individual rat IgMPZ subunits are packed together under artificial conditions, forming three weak interfaces. One interface organizes the IgMPZ into tetramers, a second ‘dimer’ interface links tetramers together across the intraperiod line, and a third hydrophobic interface that mediates binding to lipid bilayers or the same hydrophobic surface on another IgMPZ domain. Presently, there are no data confirming whether the proposed IgMPZ interfaces actually mediate oligomerization in solution, whether they are required for the adhesion activity of MPZ, whether they are important for myelination, or whether their loss results in disease.

We performed nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy and small angle X-ray scattering analysis of wild-type IgMPZ as well as mutant forms with amino acid substitutions designed to interrupt its presumptive oligomerization interfaces. Here, we confirm the interface that mediates IgMPZ tetramerization, but find that dimerization is mediated by a distinct interface that has yet to be identified. We next correlated different types of Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease symptoms to subregions within IgMPZ tetramers. Variants causing axonal late-onset disease (CMT2I/J) map to surface residues of IgMPZ proximal to the transmembrane domain. Variants causing early-onset demyelinating disease (CMT1B) segregate into two groups: one is described by variants that disrupt the stability of the Ig-fold itself and are largely located within the core of the IgMPZ domain; whereas another describes a region on the surface of IgMPZ tetramers, accessible to protein interactions. Computational docking studies predict that this latter disease-relevant subregion may potentially mediate dimerization of IgMPZ tetramers.
Effects of heat wave on development, reproduction, and morph differentiation of Aphis glycines (Hemiptera: Aphididae)
Authors: Liu Dailin , Wu Cirui , Wang Qi , Liu Donghao , Tian Zhenqi , Liu Jian
Published: August 2023

As global warming intensifies, heat waves occur frequently in the summer and autumn in Heilongjiang Province, northeast China. The soybean aphid, Aphis glycines Matsumura, is an important pest of soybean in the region, which faces great survival pressure due to high temperature. In this study, A. glycines fed soybean (AgFS) and wild soybean (AgFW) were exposed to diurnal 35 °C for 7 days begin at different developmental stages, and the development, reproduction, and morph differentiation were studied. When AgFS were exposed to heat waves from the second stadium to the adult stage, they performed worse in adult lifespan and fecundity than the control. When AgFW were exposed to heat waves begin at different developmental stages, the adult lifespan and reproduction period were shortened and reproduction ability decreased. When exposed to heat waves, the adult fecundity and intrinsic rate of increase in AgFW were lower than those of AgFS. Lower proportion of males were deposited on day 13, when AgFS and AgFW were exposed to diurnal 35 °C begin at different developmental stages. The results showed that heat waves lasting for 7 days were likely to be useful in the management of A. glycines, which reduced adult reproduction ability and male differentiation proportion in the offspring and significantly affected AgFW compared to AgFS. These results are important for predicting the dynamics of A. glycines in Heilongjiang, northeast China, where the local environmental temperature is increasing and heat waves occur frequently.
Two severe complications post-percutaneous intramyocardial septal radiofrequency ablation in a patient with failed alcohol septal ablation: pulseless electrical activity cardiac arrest and pericardial tamponade—a case report
Authors: Shu Tian , Shen Caijie , Chen Xiaomin , Yu Fei
Published: August 2023

Background

Alcohol septal ablation (ASA) can be recommended for patients with drug-refractory hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy (HOCM). Recently, percutaneous intramyocardial septal radiofrequency ablation (PIMSRA) was reported as a safe and effective treatment for HOCM.

Case summary

We present a case report of pulseless electrical activity (PEA), cardiac arrest, and pericardial tamponade occurring post-PIMSRA. We performed PIMSRA for the patient with HOCM after failed ASA. Two hours post-PIMSRA, transthoracic echocardiography (TTE) revealed that the hypokinetic basal intraventricular septal (IVS) thickness increased with aggravation of systolic anterior motion of the mitral valve. After the occurrence of subsequent PEA cardiac arrest, veno-arterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (VA-ECMO) support was provided. With sinus rhythm restoration and blood pressure stabilization after ECMO removal, the patient had pericardial tamponade on Day 3 post-PIMSRA. After excluding apparent myocardial perforation and draining haemorrhagic effusion under TTE guidance, her symptoms and haemodynamic status improved. She was asymptomatic at her one-year follow-up. The left ventricular outflow tract gradient (LVOTG) at rest and the thickness of the basal IVS reduced to 5 mmHg and 12 mm, respectively.

Discussion

We assumed that the main causes of PEA cardiac arrest and pericardial tamponade in our case were ablation-related tissue oedema at the basal IVS and blood leakage possibly related to puncture haemorrhage, respectively. While waiting for myocardial oedema to resolve, ECMO was applied as a bridge-to-recovery therapeutic approach. Pericardiocentesis is a strategy for the emergency drainage of pericardial effusion. It is essential to distinguish life-threatening complications with TTE for management planning post-PIMSRA.
Transcoronary mapping using a guidewire during transcoronary ethanol ablation for ventricular tachycardia with a deep intramural substrate: a case report
Authors: Chiba Suguru , Abe Masami , Nakamura Kentaro , Uehara Hiroki
Published: August 2023

Background

Transcoronary ethanol ablation is effective in treating ventricular tachycardia (VT) in the deep myocardium. The selection of the target coronary artery plays an important role in the success of transcoronary ethanol ablation. Transcoronary mapping, using a guidewire, may be effective for identifying the target coronary artery.

Case summary

A 72-year-old man, who had undergone thrombolytic therapy for acute myocardial infarction 40 years ago, was admitted to the emergency department with a chief complaint of syncope. Five years ago, a cardiac resynchronization therapy defibrillator was implanted for a left bundle branch block (QRS duration 153 ms), with New York Heart Association Class Ⅲ and a left ventricular ejection fraction of 30%.

Due to VT, he experienced a critical deterioration in his vital parameters, leading to shock. The first VT ablation was performed on the 3rd day of hospitalization. Activation mapping showed that the earliest activation site was located in the mid-anterior septum of the left ventricle. Mapping from the endocardial surface showed no mid-diastolic potential around the VT. Radiofrequency catheter ablation therapy was performed at the targeted site, resulting in transient termination of VT. However, the VT showed recurrence the next day. A transcoronary ethanol ablation was performed on the 10th day of hospitalization. A 0.014 inch guidewire and microcatheter were advanced into the target coronary septal branch, and the myocardial septum was mapped. The guidewire-assisted transcoronary mapping showed a potential 43 ms ahead of QRS onset during VT. The coronary septal artery branch was considered the target artery, and 0.5 mL of ethanol was injected. No further VT was observed for 12 months after the transcoronary ethanol ablation.

Discussion

Transcoronary ethanol ablation is considered in cases where a deep intramural substrate is suspected or when early activation at the interventricular septum is identified. Guidewire-assisted transcoronary mapping allows mapping of VT with deep intramural substrates and may be useful in selecting target coronary arteries while performing transcoronary ethanol ablation.
OPERA: perception of information in patients with gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine tumors on lanreotide autogel
Authors: Hautefeuille Vincent , Walter Thomas , Do Cao Christine , Coriat Romain , Dominguez Sophie , Mineur Laurent , Cadiot Guillaume , Terrebonne Eric , Sobhani Iradj , Gueguen Delphine , Houchard Aude , Mouawad Charbel , Anota Amélie , Hammel Pascal
Published: August 2023

Importance

Gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (GEP-NETs) can affect patient health-related quality of life (HRQoL). Appropriate information may improve their adherence to treatment and quality of life.

Objective

To evaluate the change in patient's perceptions of the level of information at lanreotide (LAN) treatment initiation for GEP-NETs vs after 6 months.

Design

OPERA (NCT03562091) was a prospective, longitudinal, noninterventional study.

Setting

Thirty-one centers in France specialized in the management of patients with NETs.

Intervention

Planned clinical visits at enrollment and end-of-study visits at month 6, with completion of the European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer 25-item Quality of Life Questionnaire—Information Module (QLQ-INFO25) and 30-item Quality of Life Questionnaire—Core.

Main outcome

Absolute change in the patient's perception of the information between baseline and month 6, using the relevant domains of the QLQ-INFO25. Endpoints measured at baseline and month 6 for at least 1 of the 3 targeted QLQ-INFO25 dimensions of the primary endpoint.

Results

Ninety-three of the 115 patients enrolled completed ≥1 primary endpoint information dimension. Mean (SD) scores for the primary endpoint information dimensions were high at baseline (disease, 63.41 [20.71]; treatment, 58.85 [19.00]; supportive care, 26.53 [24.69]; maximum 100). There were no significant changes between baseline (98.34% CI) and 6 months (disease, −2.84 [−8.69, 3.01; P = .24]; treatment, −4.37 [−11.26, 2.52; P = .13]; supportive care, 0.46 [−6.78, 7.70; P = .88]), and in HRQoL between baseline and 6 months.

Conclusions and relevance

The lack of change in patient's perceptions of the disease, treatment, and supportive care information provided over the first 6 months of LAN treatment may suggest that physicians provided adequate information at the treatment initiation.
The air pollution disadvantage of immigrants in Germany: partly a matter of urbanity
Authors: Ehler Ingmar , Bader Felix , Rüttenauer Tobias , Best Henning
Published: August 2023

Several studies now document the disproportionate distribution of environmental pollution across different groups, but many are based on aggregated data or subjective pollution measures. In this study, we describe the air quality disadvantage of migrants in Germany using objective pollution data linked to nationally representative individual-level survey data. We intersect 1 × 1 km2 grid geo-references from the German General Social Survey (ALLBUS) 2014, 2016, and 2018 with 2 × 2 km2 estimates of annually averaged air pollution by the German Environment Agency for nitrogen dioxide, ozone, and particulate matter. Respondents with a migration background are exposed to higher levels of nitrogen dioxide and particulate matter than people of German descent. Urbanity of residence partly explains these differences, up to 81 per cent for particulate matter and about 30 per cent for other pollutants. A larger proportion of immigrants live in larger cities, which are more prone to high levels of air pollution. This is especially true for second-generation migrants. Income differences, on the other hand, do not explain the migrant disadvantage. In city fixed effects models, the patterns for migration background point unambiguously in the direction of environmental disadvantage for all pollutants except ozone. However, the within-municipality associations are weak.
Exploring probiotic effector molecules and their mode of action in gut–immune interactions
Authors: Lee Choong-Gu , Cha Kwang Hyun , Kim Gi-Cheon , Im Sin-Hyeog , Kwon Ho-Keun
Published: August 2023

Probiotics, live microorganisms that confer health benefits when consumed in adequate amounts, have gained significant attention for their potential therapeutic applications. The beneficial effects of probiotics are believed to stem from their ability to enhance intestinal barrier function, inhibit pathogens, increase beneficial gut microbes, and modulate immune responses. However, clinical studies investigating the effectiveness of probiotics have yielded conflicting results, potentially due to the wide variety of probiotic species and strains used, the challenges in controlling the desired number of live microorganisms, and the complex interactions between bioactive substances within probiotics. Bacterial cell wall components, known as effector molecules, play a crucial role in mediating the interaction between probiotics and host receptors, leading to the activation of signaling pathways that contribute to the health-promoting effects. Previous reviews have extensively covered different probiotic effector molecules, highlighting their impact on immune homeostasis. Understanding how each probiotic component modulates immune activity at the molecular level may enable the prediction of immunological outcomes in future clinical studies. In this review, we present a comprehensive overview of the structural and immunological features of probiotic effector molecules, focusing primarily on Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium. We also discuss current gaps and limitations in the field and propose directions for future research to enhance our understanding of probiotic-mediated immunomodulation.
Haplotype-Resolved, Chromosome-Level Assembly of White Clover (Trifolium repens L., Fabaceae)
Authors: Santangelo James S , Battlay Paul , Hendrickson Brandon T , Kuo Wen-Hsi , Olsen Kenneth M , Kooyers Nicholas J , Johnson Marc T J , Hodgins Kathryn A , Ness Rob W
Published: August 2023

White clover (Trifolium repens L.; Fabaceae) is an important forage and cover crop in agricultural pastures around the world and is increasingly used in evolutionary ecology and genetics to understand the genetic basis of adaptation. Historically, improvements in white clover breeding practices and assessments of genetic variation in nature have been hampered by a lack of high-quality genomic resources for this species, owing in part to its high heterozygosity and allotetraploid hybrid origin. Here, we use PacBio HiFi and chromosome conformation capture (Omni-C) technologies to generate a chromosome-level, haplotype-resolved genome assembly for white clover totaling 998 Mbp (scaffold N50 = 59.3 Mbp) and 1 Gbp (scaffold N50 = 58.6 Mbp) for haplotypes 1 and 2, respectively, with each haplotype arranged into 16 chromosomes (8 per subgenome). We additionally provide a functionally annotated haploid mapping assembly (968 Mbp, scaffold N50 = 59.9 Mbp), which drastically improves on the existing reference assembly in both contiguity and assembly accuracy. We annotated 78,174 protein-coding genes, resulting in protein BUSCO completeness scores of 99.6% and 99.3% against the embryophyta_odb10 and fabales_odb10 lineage datasets, respectively.
Ecological constraints on audience size in the digital media system: evidence from the longitudinal tracking data from 2019 to 2022
Authors: Xu Yu , Peng Tai-Quan
Published: August 2023

The current high-choice media environment is characterized by increasingly intense competition for audience resources among media products. Drawing on research in organizational ecology and communication, audience behavior, and media economics, this study provides an ecological explanation for audience size in the digital media system. The analysis of Comscore’s aggregate audience data on the use of 64 digital media platforms over a 38-month period from 2019 to 2022 shows that a platform’s audience size is negatively associated with its niche overlap with another platform. This competitive effect of niche overlap on a platform’s current audience size is moderated by its previous audience size (size dependence) and species membership in the environment (species dependence). The results also support the short- and long-term stability of audience size.
GPR120/FFAR4: A Potential New Therapeutic Target for Inflammatory Bowel Disease
Authors: Di Petrillo Amalia , Kumar Amit , Onali Sara , Favale Agnese , Fantini Massimo Claudio
Published: August 2023

Inflammatory bowel disease, whose major forms are Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis, is characterized by chronic inflammation of the gut due to the loss of tolerance toward antigens normally contained in the gut lumen. G protein–coupled receptor (GPR) 120 has gained considerable attention as a potential therapeutic target for metabolic disorders due to its implication in the production of the incretin hormone glucagon-like peptide 1 and the secretion of cholecystokinin. Recent studies have also highlighted the role of GPR120 in regulating immune system activity and inflammation. GPR120, expressed by intestinal epithelial cells, proinflammatory macrophages, enteroendocrine L cells, and CD4+ T cells, suppresses proinflammatory and enhances anti-inflammatory cytokine production, suggesting that GPR120 might have a pivotal role in intestinal inflammation and represent a possible therapeutic target in inflammatory bowel disease. This narrative review aims at summarizing the role of GPR120 in the maintenance of intestinal homeostasis through the analysis of the most recent studies.
Hand in Hand or Separate Ways: Navigation Devices and Nesting of Metonymic BODY PART Multiword Expressions in Monolingual English Learners’ Dictionaries
Authors: Wojciechowska Sylwia
Published: August 2023

Despite a long history of research into phraseology and its practical applications, the representation of multiword expressions (henceforth MWEs) in dictionaries still remains unsettled. The paper singles out and investigates the lexicographic treatment of one thematically related group of MWEs, those that contain nominal forms of body part names. Body part MWEs have been chosen for the present study because they constitute a fairly homogenous group, as many of them are related by means of metonymic motivation, and are therefore expected to be treated in a fairly consistent way. The study examines and evaluates the representation of body part MWE in monolingual English learners’ dictionaries online from the perspective of cognitive linguistics. It focuses primarily on the arrangement of semantically related MWEs in the dictionary microstructure, and attention is also paid to navigation devices used to nest metonymically motivated body part MWEs. The paper proposes solutions that could be adopted in lexicographic practice so that semantic links between related body part MWEs become more apparent in the entry structure.
Evaluation of blood glucose changes with regular versus rapid-acting insulin for hyperglycaemia management in the emergency department
Authors: Zou Xiaoxu , Treu Cierra N , Laub Jessica , Mendoza Christopher
Published: August 2023

Objectives

As emergency department (ED) visits secondary to hyperglycaemia increase, goals should focus on optimising treatment to minimise the length of stay (LOS). Both regular and rapid-acting insulins can effectively treat hyperglycaemia, but have different pharmacokinetic profiles. The purpose of this study is to compare blood glucose (BG) reduction over time in patients receiving subcutaneous regular versus rapid-acting insulin in the ED.

Methods

This retrospective chart review from 1 January 2018 to 31 December 2020 included adult ED patients with a BG ≥200 mg/dl who received subcutaneous regular insulin or insulin aspart. The primary endpoint was a change in BG immediately before and ≥30 min after insulin administration over time.

Results

There were 279 patients included in the study (108 regular insulin and 171 insulin aspart). Change in BG over time was 41.5 mg/dl/h in the regular insulin group and 47 mg/dl/h in the insulin aspart group (P = 0.36). There was no difference in hypoglycaemic events, ED LOS, time from insulin administration to discharge and total change in BG during ED stay. Patients who received regular insulin required less additional insulin doses (8.3% vs. 18.1%, P = 0.02), received a greater volume of intravenous fluids (1629 ml vs. 1280 ml, P = 0.02) and higher weight-based dose for the first insulin dose (0.11 units/kg vs. 0.10 units/kg, P = 0.02).

Conclusion

There was no significant difference in BG reduction between insulin types for hyperglycaemic patients treated in the ED. This suggests that regular insulin and rapid-acting insulin have similar efficacy in the treatment of hyperglycaemia in the ED.
To intervene or not to intervene: young adults’ views on when and how to intervene in online harassment
Authors: Davidovic Anna , Talbot Catherine , Hamilton-Giachritsis Catherine , Joinson Adam
Published: August 2023

Incidents of online harassment are increasing and can have significant consequences for victims. Witnesses (“digital bystanders”) can be crucial in identifying and challenging harassment. This study considered when and how young adults intervene online, with the aim of understanding the applicability of existing theoretical models (i.e., Bystander Intervention Model; Response Decision-Making Framework). Thematic analysis of eight focus groups (UK community sample, N = 67, 18–25 years) resulted in five themes: Noticing and Interpreting the Harassment, Perceived Responsibility for Helping, Consequences of Intervening, Perceived Ability to Make a Difference, and Deciding How to Help. The online context amplified offline preferences, such as greater preference for anonymity and perceived costs of intervention (e.g., social costs). Intervention strategies varied in visibility and effort, preferring “indirect” micro-interventions focused on supporting victims. A new, merged model specific to digital bystanders is proposed, with implications for the design and messaging on social networking sites discussed.
Impacts of future climate on the distribution of 4 bumblebee species in the Qinghai–Tibet Plateau
Authors: Liang Chengbo , Jiang Feng , Liu Daoxin , Song Pengfei , Li Bin , Lin Gonghua , Yan Jingyan
Published: August 2023

Climate warming threatens dozens of bumblebee species across the world, including alpine areas. In plateaus with vast and continuous high-altitude areas, bumblebees’ response to climate warming may be relatively optimistic. To study the species’ responses to future climate in the Qinghai–Tibet Plateau, we quantified the suitable areas for 4 local bumblebee indicator species under current and future climate scenarios (Shared Socio-economic Pathway 126, 245, 370, and 585 in 2,100) using MaxEnt models. Suitable areas of indicator species were stacked to obtain the species richness layer. According to the acreage and connectivity of suitable areas and the acreage of the high richness area, a warmed climate will be more suitable for bumblebees’ distribution compared to the current climate. The SSP 126 and SSP 245 scenario will be the 2 most suitable. Meanwhile, with climate warming, suitable areas and the high richness areas will move to high altitudes and their altitude range will decrease. The greater suitability in warmed climates may be caused by the topography of plateaus, which provides an opportunity for bumblebees to migrate to cooler areas. However, mitigation of warming is still necessary because an excessively warm climate will decrease bumblebees’ habitat suitability. In plateaus, species in lower altitudes will migrate to higher altitudes, conservation in high altitudes should pay attention to not only original species, but also immigrated species. In lower altitudes, many species will migrate to higher altitudes, then local bumblebee diversity will decrease. Local conservation should be focused on these lower altitude areas.
The Philosophy of Change and the Metaphor of Body: From the I Ching (The Classic of Changes) to Wenxin Diaolong (Carving the Dragon With A Literary Heart)
Authors: Cheng Kat Hung Dennis
Published: August 2023

The I Ching (易經, Yijing, The Classic of Changes) has long been famous for its wide impact on and broad relations with research in the disciplines of philosophy, philology, and religious studies, but all-round and systematical research into its influence on Chinese literature is still rare. There is an inner logic between the I Ching and Wenxin diaolong (文心雕龍, Carving the Dragon with a Literary Heart), a masterpiece of Chinese literary criticism by Liu Xie (劉勰, 465–522 CE), revealing the ways in which Liu was inspired by the I Ching. This essay attempts to explore this inner logic by using the metaphor of the ‘body’ as a major theme in the Wenxin diaolong.
The Yijing as Inspiration in Raymond Queneau’s Morale Élémentaire III (1975): An Intermingling of the Particular and the Universal
Authors: Maitre Marie-Julie
Published: August 2023

The third part of Raymond Queneau’s last work (1903–76), Morale élémentaire (Elementary Morality, henceforth EM3), a collection of prose poems published in 1975, is composed of 64 poems like the 64 hexagrams of the Yijing. Having found his notes on Philastre’s translation of the Yijing during the writing of EM3, one can wonder by what mechanisms the Yijing inspired Queneau’s creation. This article shows that EM3 is an intertwining between the particular and the universal. In the autobiographical and particular side of EM3, Queneau integrates his memories, his experiences and references to the news of his time. The universal side of EM3 stands in the impersonal and indefinite style of the elementary wisdom of the Yijing from which Queneau takes up certain precepts and replies to the Kantian question ‘[w]hat should I do?’ with a quest of happiness and self-realisation. The latter lies in Queneau’s description of his quest for writing and of his process of literary creation.
The Living Spring: A Comparison of Jacob’s Well and the Well Hexagram
Authors: Hon Tze-ki
Published: August 2023

Water is a master metaphor in literature, appearing in many writings around the world. In some cases, water is stormy, vicious and destructive; in others, water is calm, steady and enriching; in yet other cases, water is reachable, manageable, and replenishable. In this essay, I will examine the different meanings of ‘a well of water’ by comparing Jacob’s well in the Gospel of St John and the Jing (‘The Well’, #48) hexagram in the I Ching or Book of Changes. In this comparison, my goal is to show that while ‘a well of water’ has a universal appeal as a symbol of finding ‘a living spring’ in one’s spirit, it has different connotations and implications in different cultural systems. In these two renditions of ‘a well of water’, we find authors providing different answers to the fundamental questions of human existence and the meaning of life-long learning.