bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A new Antarctic species of Aristias Boeck (Crustacea, Amphipoda, Aristiidae), with remarks on the genus in Antarctica
Authors: KILGALLEN NIAMH M.
Published: December 2018

A new species of aristiid, Aristias excavatus sp. nov., is described from an Antarctic sponge. The systematics of the genus is discussed. There are now 28 known species in the genus Aristias, with just three recorded from Antarctic waters. The actual number of Antarctic species is likely to be higher, however, because many of these records were probably incorrectly attributed to A. antarcticus.
Invalidity of Hynobius yunanicus and molecular phylogeny of Hynobius salamander from continental China (Urodela, Hynobiidae)
Authors: NISHIKAWA KANTO , JIANG JIAN-PING , MATSUI MASAFUMI , MO YUN-MING , CHEN XIAO-HONG , KIM JONG-BUM , TOMINAGA ATSUSHI , YOSHIKAWA NATSUHIKO
Published: December 2018

Based on morphological and molecular analyses, Xiong et al. (2007) synonymized Hynobius yunanicus Chen et al. with Pachyhynobius shangchengensis Fei et al., both from continental China. Their study, however, was not substantial enough in that morphology of types of neither species was compared, only a partial mitochondrial cytochrome b (cyt b) sequence was employed, and data for H. chinensis was lacking. In order to reassess their conclusion, we morphologically examined type specimens of both species, and compared their complete cyt b (1141 bp) sequences, together with all the six recognized continental Hynobius species and some congeners from Japan and South Korea.
Erratum: A new species of scaly blenny of the genus Labrisomus (Actinopterygii: Labrisomidae) from the tropical West Atlantic. Zootaxa, 2015, 62–68.
Authors: SAZIMA I. , CARVALHO-FILHO A. , GASPARINI J. L. , SAZIMA C.
Published: December 2018

Erratum
Morphological and molecular differentiation of the Anagrus epos species complex (Hymenoptera: Mymaridae), egg parasitoids of leafhoppers (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae) in North America
Authors: TRIAPITSYN SERGUEI V. , RUGMAN-JONES PAUL F. , JEONG GILSANG , MORSE JOSEPH G. , STOUTHAMER RICHARD
Published: December 2018

The Anagrus epos Girault species complex of the fairyfly wasp genus Anagrus Haliday (Hymenoptera: Mymaridae), egg parasitoids of Erasmoneura spp., Erythroneura spp., and other leafhoppers, is reviewed using both morphological and molecular methods. A new species, A. vulneratus Triapitsyn sp. n., is described and illustrated from specimens reared from eggs of the leafhopper Erasmoneura vulnerata (Fitch) (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae) on grapevines from Colorado, USA. Discussed and corrected are the earlier published host and distribution records of A. epos, which is rediagnosed, and also of A. daanei Triapitsyn. Nuclear ribosomal DNA sequence data provides a genetic signature for A. epos and within the remainder of the species complex identifies A. tretiakovae Triapitsyn as being the most divergent member, confirms A. vulneratus as a separate entity, and reveals the closer similarity of specimens from Sonora, Mexico, to A. vulneratus rather than A. epos. Sequences from individuals identified as A. daanei were somewhat heterogeneous and revealed the existence of two distinct rDNA families — one represented by A. daanei from the Pacific Northwest and one by specimens from Colorado. Both gene families were represented by specimens from California, USA, and this finding is discussed in relation to recent use of “A. epos” from Colorado as a biological control agent in California.
Four new species and two new records of Polyplectropus from China (Trichoptera: Polycentropodidae)
Authors: ZHONG HUA , YANG LIAN-FANG , MORSE JOHN C.
Published: December 2018

Four new species and 2 new records of the genus Polyplectropus Ulmer from China are described and illustrated. The new species include Polyplectropus cubitalis Zhong and Yang sp. nov., from Guizhou, Polyplectropus subteres Zhong and Yang sp. nov., from Jiangxi and Zhejiang, Polyplectropus tridentatus Zhong and Morse sp. nov., from Guangxi, and Polyplectropus tianmushanensis Zhong and Yang, sp. nov., from Zhejiang. Two species, Polyplectropus ahas Malicky and Chantaramongkol, 1993, and Polyplectropus anakgugur Malicky, 1995, are newly recorded from China, bringing the number of Chinese Polyplectropus species to 28. The newly recognized Polyplectropus anakgugur Group is probably monophyletic, as evidenced by ventromesal lobes of the inferior appendages short, positioned only at the bases of the inferior appendages.
The Effects of Life Domains on Cyberbullying and Bullying: Testing the Generalizability of Agnew’s Integrated General Theory
Authors: Choi Jaeyong , Kruis Nathan E.
Published: December 2018

In 2005, Robert Agnew published his book Why Criminals Offend in which he synthesized an array of theoretical predictors of crime and delinquency into a parsimonious integrated general theory. He argued that delinquency is influenced by mechanisms found in five distinct life domains: self, family, peer, school, and work. Using longitudinal data from South Korea, the current research tested the generalizability of Agnew’s theory by applying it to bullying and cyberbullying. Results from a negative binomial regression model provided mixed support for Agnew’s theory as a general theory of crime. The significant effects of life domains were found to differ across types of bullying.
A MATLAB-based virtual robotics laboratory: Demonstrated by a two-wheeled inverted pendulum
Authors: Ghayoor F
Published: December 2018

In this paper, a procedure for designing a MATLAB-based virtual robotics laboratory is described that provides a realistic three-dimensional animation for the robot’s motion. The proposed laboratory allows students to obtain the linear model and stability condition of a robotic system, without getting involved in its mathematical modeling. The structure of a two-wheeled inverted pendulum robot has been used for demonstrating the laboratory’s features. As part of this virtual experiment, design and evaluation of proportional–integral–derivative, model predictive control, and fuzzy controllers for maintaining the two-wheeled inverted pendulum’s balance are considered. A set of graphical–user interfaces is designed for providing the interaction with the system. This virtual lab is readily extensible for other robotics structures and controllers, and its output data is promptly available for further analysis by other MATLAB toolboxes.
Housing career disparities in urban China: A comparison between skilled migrants and locals in Nanjing
Authors: Cui Can
Published: December 2018

The last two decades have witnessed a substantial growth of the owner-occupied housing sector in urban China, where most people tend to follow a conventional life course in terms of ascending the housing ladder towards homeownership. Yet, with skyrocketing housing prices in the real estate market, fragmentation in housing opportunities has become more important in reshaping the structure of social inequalities. This paper investigates the disparities in housing careers between skilled migrants and their local counterparts in Nanjing, focusing on temporal and spatial aspects. Specifically, this paper examines how skilled migrants’ housing tenure and location change over time, to what extent these changes differ from those of skilled locals, and what factors contribute to the disparities between migrants and locals. The results verify that there are indeed disparities in housing careers between migrants and locals, and the foremost difference lies in the tenure, especially the tenure of the first residence. Spatially, migrants exhibit an outward-bound pattern, often associated with the transition from renting to owning. These disparities in housing careers could be primarily attributed not only to the gap of the intergenerational transfer of wealth between migrants and locals, which can be traced back to regional disparities in economic development, but also to the self-selection of migration. While facing skyrocketing housing prices, the timing of making a foray into the housing market is pivotal. This study also revealed the diminishing marginal utility of education that is found in terms of establishing a superior housing career.
Expansion Hyoidthyroidpexy: Combined Hyoid Surgery Techniques for Obstructive Sleep Apnea: All in One
Authors: Askar Sherif M. , El‐Anwar Mohammad Waheed , Awad Ali
Published: December 2018

We provide expansion hyoidthyroidpexy as a novel surgical procedure for obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) that could combine different techniques of hyoid bone surgery in 1 procedure. This case series included patients with OSA who had an apnea‐hypopnea index (AHI) >15 and showed predominant lateral wall hypopharyngeal collapse. In 21 patients, the procedure was performed smoothly without technical difficulties or operative adverse events, resulting in lateral expansion of each horn of the hyoid bone by ≥1 cm without early or late complications. At 6 months postoperatively, both AHI and the mean lowest oxygen saturation level were significantly improved (P <. 0001). The new expansion hyoidthyroidpexy technique is a reliable, easy, and effective procedure with good surgical outcomes in patients with OSA. It is feasible to be employed in the protocol of multilevel surgery for OSA.
Development and validation of a yoga module for children with visual impairment: A feasibility study
Authors: Mohanty Soubhagyalaxmi , Venkataramanujam Sasipriya , Pradhan Balaram , Hankey Alex
Published: December 2018

Yoga has been found to be an effective intervention in children with visual impairment. Yoga modules used in previous studies were based on individual researcher’s experience. However, no mention was given of them being endorsed by other specialists in the field. This study aimed to develop, validate, and assess the feasibility of a yoga module exclusively for children with visual impairment. A yoga module was developed based on traditional and contemporary yoga literature and published studies with the objectives of determining needs of the participants and yoga practices that could prove efficient. Its validation was carried out with 25 experts over two rounds of iteration and feasibility of the practices evaluated on nine children with visual impairment. Tennis ball throw and standing vertical jump tests were done to evaluate success of yoga practice. A total of 30 yoga practices with content validity ratio ⩾ 0.37 were retained in the final yoga module. All experts opined that the final module is technically easy to teach, learn, and practice. All the children reported 80% of satisfaction level with the yoga practices and the procedure used to teach them at the end of the intervention. The score in tennis ball throw increased significantly ( p = .011) after the intervention, but the standing vertical jump score ( p = .585) did not. Positive exit survey responses and good participation rates support the module’s feasibility. Based on evidence from the traditional knowledge and scientific studies, the yoga module was validated for the children with visual impairment. The feasibility of the module was also assessed successfully which can be used safely and effectively as an alternative training for individuals with visual impairment.
Does environmental quality reflect on national competitiveness? The evidence from EU-15
Authors: Obradović Saša , Lojanica Nemanja
Published: December 2018

The European Union has set the target that by 2020 harmful emissions and energy consumption should be reduced by 20% compared to the 1990s. This paper examines the impacts of environmental quality on two parameters of national competitiveness (exports and GDP per capita). The study focuses on the EU-15 countries and covers the period from 1960 to 2013. Even though the analyzed economies are developed countries which are the leaders in environment protection, they are still also the leading emitters of greenhouse gases. The paper uses traditional econometric techniques to test the relations between energy use, CO2emissions, exports and GDP. The results show that the variables are co-integrated. In addition, energy-led growth hypothesis is valid in most of the analyzed economies. The results have also shown that increased CO2emissions reduce economic activity and export performance. Finally, we will conclude that there are two tasks for future policy makers: first, to strengthen renewable-energy goals, and second, to adjust the economic structure towards less harmful emissions. In such circumstances, we could expect the economies to further develop clean technologies and to obtain their benefits for national competitiveness.
Detrimental Role of miRNA-144-3p in Intracerebral Hemorrhage Induced Secondary Brain Injury is Mediated by Formyl Peptide Receptor 2 Downregulation Both In Vivo and In Vitro
Authors: Fan Weijian , Li Xiang , Zhang Dongping , Li Haiying , Shen Haitao , Liu Yizhi , Chen Gang
Published: December 2018

Although microRNA-144-3p (miRNA-144-3p) has been shown to suppress tumor proliferation and invasion, its function in intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH)-induced secondary brain injury (SBI) remains unclear. Thus, this study was designed to investigate the role of miRNA-144-3p in ICH. To accomplish this, we used adult male Sprague-Dawley rats to establish an in vivo ICH model by injecting autologous blood, while cultured primary rat cortical neurons were exposed to oxyhemoglobin (OxyHb) to mimic ICH in vitro. To examine the role of miRNA-144-3p in ICH-induced SBI, we used an miRNA-144-3p mimic and inhibitor both in vivo and in vitro. Following ICH induction, we found miRNA-144-3p expression to increase. Additionally, we predicted the formyl peptide receptor 2 (FPR2) to be a potential miRNA-144-3p target, which we validated experimentally, with FPR2 expression downregulated when miRNA-144-3p was upregulated. Furthermore, elevated miRNA-144-3p levels aggravated brain edema and neurobehavioral disorders and induced neuronal apoptosis via the downregulation of FPR2 both in vivo and in vitro. We suspected that these beneficial effects provided by FPR2 were associated with the PI3K/AKT pathway. We validated this finding by overexpressing FPR2 while inhibiting PI3K/AKT in vitro and in vivo. In conclusion, miRNA-144-3p aggravated ICH-induced SBI by targeting and downregulating FPR2, thereby contributing to neurological dysfunction and neural apoptosis via PI3K/AKT pathway activation. These findings suggest that inhibiting miRNA-144-3p may offer an effective approach to attenuating brain damage incurred after ICH and a potential therapy to improve ICH-induced SBI.
Ayesha Memorial Hospital (B)
Authors: Bashir Mohsin
Published: December 2018

The case is divided into two parts, and an epilogue is provided to the students at the end of the discussion.

Case A discusses the protagonist’s arrival at a hospital that is affected by a hidden power struggle between opposing parties. In an attempt to exercise his influence and improve the hospital’s operations, the protagonist introduces reforms and changes to the hospital’s processes. However, as a result of his increasing influence and knack for not respecting the status quo, he realizes that there are people in the management who feel threatened by his influence and plan to damage his status in the hospital. At the conclusion of Case A, he has been handed a letter that informs him of a disciplinary committee case against him on serious allegations of misuse of authority, torture and even sexual harassment. He is concerned that he has been set up by his opponents, who have resources and credibility that might make it difficult for him to escape from this situation unscathed. Thus, in the given situation the protagonist weighs his possible options.

Case B concerns how the protagonist responds to his disciplinary committee case. Policy changes previously initiated by the protagonist and his alliance with the vice-president serve as important tools. They neutralize the resources that are used by the protagonist’s opponents in an investigation against him. In the end, the protagonist, Murtaza; therefore, successfully comes out of this situation unscathed.

The epilogue discusses how the protagonist’s initial alliance with the vice-president, in light of changing circumstances, begins to wither away as the mutual opposition they both once shared also begins to weaken.
Critical Reflections on State Capture in South Africa
Authors: Madonsela Sanet
Published: December 2018

Institutionalised state corruption has morphed into a phenomenon entitled state capture in South Africa. State capture is the repurposing of the country’s institutions towards private individual interests. In the process public interest is jettisoned in favour of private material gain for select connected individuals in the private and public sector. The issue of state capture dominated public debate about the future of governance in South Africa after the former Public Protector, Thuli Madonsela’s report titled State of Capture was released in late 2016. This document highlights how the Zuma-Gupta patronage network used state companies to enrich themselves. While some believe state capture to be a fairly new phenomenon, many analyst argue that it had been part of the dealings of the ruling party for years. It could be argued that it started post-1994, after the state adopted a variety of policies to re-allocate resources across a broad sector. This included incentives for black industries and Black Economic Empowerment strategies. This radical economic empowerment meant controlling the height of the economy instead of creating black-owned small and medium-size enterprises. With that in mind, this article seeks to provide critical reflections of state capture in South Africa.
The Measurement and Variation of Public Safety Consolidation
Authors: Wilson Jeremy M. , Grammich Clifford A.
Published: December 2018

Public safety consolidation of police and fire departments has long existed, but there are no quantitative measures of its implementation. Previous research has suggested a typology ranging from nominal to full consolidation. Our research explores how public safety departments may vary by both command consolidation and cross-training of personnel. Considering both these dimensions is essential to measuring the form and extent of implementation of this service model. To develop a scale for consolidation, we surveyed all known U.S. public safety departments, asking each about its services, administrative structure, and training requirements. Altogether, 74 of the 130 (57%) departments we were able to identify responded to a mail survey with phone follow-up, providing us information on their levels of structural integration and cross-training, among other characteristics. The results showed both some concentration at lower and higher levels of measured consolidation as well as some variation among departments with identical scores. Although our research is limited by a relatively small number of departments, preventing development of more sophisticated measures, use of this additive scale can still yield insights on what influences consolidation, the problems consolidation may ameliorate or produce, and operational characteristics by extent of consolidation.
If You Can’t Say Something Nice: A Latent Profile Analysis of Social Reactions to Intimate Partner Violence Disclosure and Associations With Mental Health Symptoms
Authors: Woerner Jacqueline , Wyatt Janan , Sullivan Tami P.
Published: December 2018

The social reactions that victims receive when disclosing intimate partner violence (IPV) have important implications for recovery and well-being. Women from the community ( n = 172) reported IPV, reactions to IPV disclosure, and mental health symptoms in individual interviews. Latent profile analyses revealed three subgroups of victims with varied experiences of reactions. The group characterized by high negative/low positive reactions reported the highest depression and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptom severity; symptom severity was high regardless of IPV severity. However, symptoms were only severe at high IPV severity among individuals classified into groups characterized by high positive reactions, and by low negative and low positive reactions.
The Adult ADHD Quality Measures Initiative
Authors: Faraone Stephen V. , Silverstein Michael J. , Antshel Kevin , Biederman Joseph , Goodman David W. , Mason Oren , Nierenberg Andrew A. , Rostain Anthony , Stein Mark A. , Adler Lenard A.
Published: December 2018

Objective: Quality measures (QMs; also known as Quality Indicators) quantify health care processes, outcomes, patient perceptions, and organizational structure and/or systems that are relevant to the provision of high-quality health care. We describe the first phase of a project that has as its ultimate goal the creation and validation of QMs for tracking the screening, diagnosis, treatment, and clinical follow-up of adults with ADHD. This will fill an important gap in the field of Adult ADHD because QMs for adult ADHD do not exist. Method: We followed the guidelines of the U.S. Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ) for the development of QMs. These guidelines call for two phases: (1) Identify Candidate QMs and (2) Assess Candidate QMs. This article describes the results of our Phase 1 activities. To generate QMs for adult ADHD, we took the following steps: (a) searched the clinical/research literature for adult ADHD QMs; (b) convened a multidisciplinary panel comprising clinical and research experts and had them brainstorm potential QMs in the areas of screening, diagnosis, treatment, follow-up, care coordination, and patient experience; (c) compared these QMs with existing guidelines for adult ADHD to see if any potential QMs had been missed, this led to a draft list of 46 QMs; (d) had 28 ADHD experts rate the importance, reliability, validity, feasibility, and usability of the QMs. Results: The literature review found several QMs for ADHD in youth but none for ADHD in adults. The brainstorming session generated 52 QMs. The survey showed that all of these QMs were highly rated but that there was sufficient variability in ratings to prioritize some QMs over others. Conclusion: Based on these results, we prioritized QMs to carry forward into the next phase of the project. This work fills an important gap for the clinical care of adult patients with ADHD and helps to set a precedent for mental health, which has lagged behind other areas of medicine in developing QMs.
Abduction, IBE and standards of proof
Authors: Tuzet Giovanni
Published: December 2018

First, the article addresses the claims that Allen and Pardo make on the abductive nature of fact-finding in the framework of relative plausibility, and it considers also whether abduction and inference to the best explanation (IBE) can be taken as the same. Second, the article addresses the critique that IBE/relative plausibility is too weak to comply with the criminal standard of proof. On these issues the article argues that it is inappropriate to equate abduction and IBE (the former is just a component of the latter), which also means that the relative plausibility account is better construed as an IBE claim rather than as abduction; and it argues that the relative plausibility account survives the critique based on the criminal standard of proof, because, simply put, fact-finders need to consider whether the best explanation of the evidence meets the relevant standard of proof.
Progress in synthesizing protocells
Authors: Toparlak O Duhan , Mansy Sheref S
Published: December 2018

The traditional route to investigating biology by perturbing living systems or by individually purifying and characterizing component parts is giving way to more complex endeavors where chemists and physicists attempt to build cells from scratch. Parallel efforts are underway that either exploits extant biological parts or prebiotically plausible molecules. Both approaches help to reveal the underlying physical–chemical forces that give rise to cellular function and highlight the important role played by polymers in regulating biological chemical systems. Although the success in RNA and lipid chemistry has led to the reconstitution of specific facets of cellular life, our understanding of dynamic, dissipative networks is currently too incomplete to allow for the construction of a self-sustained, integrated protocell. However, the presence of shared chemistry points to a promising path forward.

Impact statement

Advances in the understanding of the biophysics of membranes, the nonenzymatic and enzymatic polymerization of RNA, and in the design of complex chemical reaction networks have led to a new, integrated way of viewing the shared chemistry needed to sustain life. Although a protocell capable of Darwinian evolution has yet to be built, the seemingly disparate pieces are beginning to fit together. At the very least, better cellular mimics are on the horizon that will likely teach us much about the physicochemical underpinnings of cellular life.
Transformation of Business Process Model and Notation models onto Petri nets and their analysis
Authors: Mutarraf Umair , Barkaoui Kamel , Li Zhiwu , Wu Naiqi , Qu Ting
Published: December 2018

Business Process Model and Notation is known as a widely used standard for business processes modeling. However, its main drawback is that it lacks formal semantics, leading to some undesirable properties, such as livelocks and deadlocks, such that it creates models with semantic errors. In order to formally verify them, we need to transform it onto a formal language, for example, Petri nets. The approach proposed in this article is an extension of previous approaches stated in the literature by adding probability to gateways and time to transitions. The first aim is to transform the Business Process Model and Notation process diagram onto Petri nets automatically using a developed software package. The developed software package is capable of transforming the XML file of a Business Process Model and Notation process diagram into “m” files of a Petri net. The “m” files of the Petri net are then coupled with the General Purpose Petri Net Simulator (GPenSIM) for analysis in MATLAB. The second aim is to manually transform the Business Process Model and Notation process diagram using mapping figures onto Petri nets and then analyze it using Timed Petri Net Analyzer tools. The advantage of transforming a Business Process Model and Notation diagram automatically is that we can add time to transitions and probability to gateways. Furthermore, the simulation time can be checked using MATLAB.
Transient thermal analysis of standard planetary roller screw mechanism based on finite element method
Authors: Du Chuanming , Liu Geng , Qiao Guan , Ma Shangjun , Cai Wei
Published: December 2018

The thermal behavior of the standard planetary roller screw mechanism needs to be investigated since the large amount of heat generated by the friction torque on multiple contact points during the transmission process. In this article, a simplified transmission system model of standard planetary roller screw mechanism is first established for the finite element analysis. Second, the friction torque of standard planetary roller screw mechanism is calculated and the boundary conditions of thermal analysis are deduced. Then, the transient thermal analysis of the standard planetary roller screw mechanism based on finite element method is conducted by considering the moving heat source and thus temperature field distribution at any time and the temperature rise curve at different positions of the standard planetary roller screw mechanism can be obtained. Finally, the correlation between the experimental data and the calculated values confirms the validity of the proposed thermal model for the transient thermal analysis.
Evaluating the Psychosocial Impact of Indoor Public Spaces in Complex Healthcare Settings
Authors: Lacanna Giuseppe , Wagenaar Cor , Avermaete Tom , Swami Viren
Published: December 2018

Objective:

This article describes an approach to a metrics-based evaluation of public space in hospitals using cross-disciplinary qualitative and quantitative analyses. The method, Indoor Public Space Measurement (IPSM), is well suited to researchers and designers who intend to evaluate user-centered spatial solutions in hospitals and similar facilities.

Background:

Healthcare is transiting toward a value-based policy at all levels. Choosing the right set of qualitative and quantitative analyses to support value-based design solutions is not always an easy journey for healthcare design consultants. This article seeks to pull together the key analyses to evaluate the impact of the hospital indoor public space on the psychosocial well-being of the hospital users.

Method:

A step-by step guide to performing key analyses to evaluate the impact of hospital indoor public space environment on the users’ psychosocial well-being is provided. A case study from the authors’ research is utilized to illustrate the application of the method.

Results:

Interpolating the results of all the analyses, the reader can identify where in the layout most of interactions among users occur, identify their typology and evaluate the contribution to the general psychosocial well-being, and know which group of users is more exposed to a specific typology of interaction.

Conclusions:

The IPSM method can help design consultants to measure the impact of the built environment of hospital public space on its occupants’ psychosocial well-being: factual knowledge about the users’ behavioral response with respect to wayfinding and social interaction. The application of the method is not limited to healthcare settings only.
Outcomes of renal dysfunction in patients with acute liver failure
Authors: Hadem Johannes , Kielstein Jan T. , Manns Michael P. , Kümpers Philipp , Lukasz Alexander
Published: December 2018

Background

Although acute kidney injury (AKI) often accompanies acute liver failure (ALF), its impact on long‐term outcome is unknown.

Objective

This study examines the incidence, severity and outcomes of AKI in patients with ALF.

Methods

A total of 134 ALF patients treated at Hannover Medical School between 1995 and 2013 were retrospectively analyzed.

Results

Fifty‐four ALF patients (40.3%) demonstrated AKI, as defined by the acute kidney injury network (AKIN) classification, on intensive care unit (ICU) admission, and 85 patients (63.4%) developed AKI prior to ALF recovery, emergency liver transplantation (ELT) or death. AKI severity was closely associated with other end‐organ damage (p < 0.001). Follow‐up creatinine levels in survivors were increased compared to baseline levels (76 versus 64 µmol/l, p = 0.003). One‐hundred‐and‐three (76.9%) patients reached the combined endpoint of ELT or death, and 42 (31.3%) patients died within 28 days. AKIN stage 3 at ICU admission was the strongest independent predictor of 28‐day overall mortality (hazard ratio 3.48, 95% confidence interval 1.75–6.93, p < 0.001) and ELT or death (hazard ratio 2.52, 95% confidence interval 1.60–3.96, p < 0.001).

Conclusions

AKI is a frequent complication in ALF that correlates with remote organ damage and long‐term creatinine levels and independently predicts outcome.
Pericardial flap to repair a pulmonary laceration in a cat with pyothorax
Authors: Pérez López Pablo , Martinoli Stefania
Published: December 2018

Case summary

A 2-year-old female neutered domestic shorthair cat was presented for investigation of acute onset tachypnoea and dyspnoea. Pyothorax was diagnosed based on thoracic radiographs and fluid analysis. Medical treatment consisted of bilateral thoracostomy tube placement, antibiotic therapy and thoracic lavage. After 12 days of medical management infection was still present, warranting exploratory thoracotomy. At surgery, encapsulated abscesses were found in the left lung, right cranial and right middle lobes. The right caudal lobe was the only macroscopically non-abscessated lobe, and appeared to have a parenchymal laceration 8 mm long over the dorsolateral surface. Following partial pericardiectomy, mediastinectomy and debridement of abscesses, a pericardial flap was reflected caudolaterally and apposed over the laceration to seal the affected lung lobe. This flap was sutured to a rim of fibrinous adhesion that was partially covering this lobe. After 8 days the cat was discharged with antibiotic therapy for 3 more weeks. Follow-up assessment at 19 and 38 weeks postoperatively confirmed the cat to have good exercise tolerance. Thoracic radiographs at 19 weeks revealed good bilateral aeration of the pulmonary parenchyma without pleural effusion.

Relevance and novel information

Lung lobe laceration can be treated by lung lobectomy or direct suturing of the lung parenchyma. This is the first report using a pericardial flap to repair a lung laceration. Pericardial flap was successfully used to treat this lung laceration where lobectomy was contraindicated. Encouraging results were present at 8 months postoperatively.
A mechanical analog thoracolumbar spine model for the evaluation of scoliosis bracing technology
Authors: Chung Chloe L , Kelly Derek M , Steele Jack R , DiAngelo Denis J
Published: December 2018

Introduction

Thoracolumbar braces are used to treat Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis. The objective of this study was to design and validate a mechanical analog model of the spine to simulate a thoracolumbar, single-curve, scoliotic deformity in order to quantify brace structural properties and corrective force response on the spine.

Methods

The Scoliosis Analog Model used a linkage-based system to replicate 3D kinematics of spinal correction observed in the clinic. The Scoliosis Analog Model is used with a robotic testing platform and programmed to simulate Cobb angle and axial rotation correction while equipped with a brace. The 3D force and moment responses generated by the brace in reaction to the simulated deformity were measured by six-axis load cells.

Results

Validation of the model’s force transmission showed less than 6% loss in the force analysis due to assembly friction. During simulation of 10° Cobb angle and 5° axial rotation correction, the brace applied 101 N upwards and 67 N inwards to the apical connector of the model. Brace stiffness properties were 0.5–0.6 N/° (anteroposterior), 0.5–2.3 N/° (mediolateral), 23.3–26.5 N/° (superoinferior), and 0.6 Nm/° (axial rotational).

Conclusions

The Scoliosis Analog Model was developed to provide first time measures of the multidirectional forces applied to the spine by a thoracolumbar brace. This test assembly could be used as a future design and testing tool for scoliosis brace technology.
Better Together? Interracial Relationships and Depressive Symptoms
Authors: Wong Jaclyn S. , Penner Andrew M.
Published: December 2018

Previous research shows that married and cohabiting individuals are happier and enjoy greater levels of psychological well-being than single individuals. However, most of this research relies on data from intraracial—mostly white—couples, and less is known about the emotional health outcomes of individuals in interracial partnerships. This study uses fixed-effects regression to examine depressive symptoms among those transitioning into intraracial and interracial relationships in the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health. Estimating models separately by gender and race, our analyses show that although whites in same-race relationships enjoy the psychological health benefits traditionally associated with union formation, a more complex pattern characterizes these benefits for nonwhites and those in interracial relationships. These findings suggest that although Americans enter increasingly diverse romantic relationships, union formation might not equally benefit all.
A tool for designing digital filters for the Hankel and Fourier transforms in potential, diffusive, and wavefield modeling
Authors: Werthmüller Dieter , Key Kerry , Slob Evert C.
Published: December 2018

The open-source code fdesign makes it possible to design digital linear filters for the Hankel and Fourier transforms used in potential, diffusive, and wavefield modeling. Digital filters can be derived for any electromagnetic (EM) method, such as methods in the diffusive limits (direct current, controlled-source EM [CSEM]) as well as methods using higher frequency content (ground-penetrating radar [GPR], acoustic and elastic wavefields). The direct matrix inversion method is used for the derivation of the filter values, and a brute-force minimization search is carried out over the defined spacing and shifting values of the filter basis. Included or user-provided theoretical transform pairs are used for the inversion. Alternatively, one can provide layered subsurface models that will be computed with a precise quadrature method using the EM modeler empymod to generate numerical transform pairs. The comparison of the presented 201 pt filter with previously presented filters indicates that it performs better for some standard CSEM cases. The derivation of a longer 2001 pt filter for a GPR example with a 250 MHz center frequency proves that the filter method works not only for diffusive EM fields but also for wave phenomena. The presented algorithm provides a tool to create problem specific digital filters. Such purpose-built filters can be made shorter and can speed up consecutive potential, diffusive, and wavefield inversions.
Rock-physics-assisted well-tie analysis for structural interpretation and seismic inversion
Authors: Saberi M. R.
Published: December 2018

Well-tie analysis is a starting point for mapping facies and geology observed at well locations into seismic volumes. This step is very important for any analysis that uses seismic and well data together and can secure more accurate results by increasing consistency between seismic and well-log data. A high-quality well tie is normally considered as the art of an interpreter and is usually practiced through the stretch and squeeze of the synthetics log. Many factors can affect the quality of a well tie, and well-log quality is one of the more important ones. However, interpreters and geophysicists focus mainly on seismic and wavelet components, assuming the well logs are hard data. In practice, well logs are susceptible to different types of errors, which may not be fully addressed during petrophysical work. Rock physics acts as an efficient tool for repairing well logs to achieve a better quality well tie. Examples from various studies are presented to show the importance of further improving well logs using an appropriate rock-physics model before well-tie analysis.
The Fetish Revisited
Authors: Matory J. Lorand
Published: December 2018

Since the early-modern encounter between African and European merchants on the Guinea Coast, European social critics have invoked African gods as metaphors for misplaced value and agency, using the term “fetishism” chiefly to assert the irrationality of their fellow Europeans. Yet, as J. Lorand Matory demonstrates in The Fetish Revisited, Afro-Atlantic gods have a materially embodied social logic of their own, which is no less rational than the social theories of Marx and Freud. Drawing on thirty-six years of fieldwork in Africa, Europe, and the Americas, Matory casts an Afro-Atlantic eye on European theory to show how Marx’s and Freud’s conceptions of the fetish both illuminate and misrepresent Africa’s human-made gods. Through this analysis, the priests, practices, and spirited things of four major Afro-Atlantic religions simultaneously call attention to the culture-specific, materially conditioned, physically embodied, and indeed fetishistic nature of Marx’s and Freud’s theories themselves. Challenging long-held assumptions about the nature of gods and theories, Matory offers a novel perspective on the social roots of these tandem African and European understandings of collective action, while illuminating the relationship of European social theory to the racism suffered by Africans and assimilated Jews alike.
The Zambian Preterm Birth Prevention Study (ZAPPS): Cohort characteristics at enrollment
Authors: Castillo Marcela C. , Fuseini Nurain M. , Rittenhouse Katelyn , Price Joan T. , Freeman Bethany L. , Mwape Humphrey , Winston Jennifer , Sindano Ntazana , Baruch-Gravett Courtney , Chi Benjamin H. , Kasaro Margaret P. , Litch James A. , Stringer Jeffrey S. A. , Vwalika Bellington
Published: December 2018

Background:Sub-Saharan Africa bears a disproportionate burden of preterm birth and other adverse outcomes. A better understanding of the demographic, clinical, and biologic underpinnings of these adverse outcomes is urgently needed to plan interventions and inform new discovery. 

Methods:The Zambian Preterm Birth Prevention Study (ZAPPS) is a prospective observational cohort established at the Women and Newborn Hospital (WNH) in Lusaka, Zambia. We recruit pregnant women from district health centers and the WNH and offer ultrasound examination to determine eligibility. Participants receive routine obstetrical care, lab testing, midtrimester cervical length measurement, and serial fetal growth monitoring. At delivery, we assess gestational age, birthweight, vital status, and sex and assign a delivery phenotype. We collect blood, urine, and vaginal swab specimens at scheduled visits and store them in an on-site biorepository. In September 2017, enrollment of the ZAPPS Phase 1 – the subject of this report – was completed. Phase 2 – which is limited to HIV-uninfected women – reopened in January 2018. 

Results:Between August 2015 and September 2017, we screened 1784 women, of whom 1450 (81.2%) met inclusion criteria and were enrolled. The median age at enrollment was 27 years (IQR 23–32) and thee median gestational age was 16 weeks (IQR 13–18). Among parous women (N=866; 64%), 21% (N=182) reported a prior miscarriage, 49% (N=424) reported a prior preterm birth, and 13% (N=116) reported a prior stillbirth. The HIV seroprevalence was 24%.

Discussion:We have established a large cohort of pregnant women and newborns at the WHN to characterize the determinants of adverse birth outcomes in Lusaka, Zambia. Our overarching goal is to elucidate biological mechanisms in an effort to identify new strategies for early detection and prevention of adverse outcomes. We hope that findings from this cohort will help guide future studies, clinical care, and policy.
Criteria and Indicators of the Development of Psychological and Pedagogical Competence of Young Specialists in the Education System
Authors: Ильина Нина , Loginova Natal'ya , Логинова Наталья , Loginova Natal'ya
Published: December 2018

The article analyzes the approaches to the defi nition of the concept of “the formation of psychological and pedagogical competence of young professionals”, the structure of psychological and pedagogical competence of young teachers is presented, and the criteria for the development of psychological and pedagogical competence of young specialists in the regional education system are developed on its basis: the emotional value criterion revealing the features motivational-value sphere of the young teacher and manifested in an emotional attitude to diff erent sides of the professional activities; cognitive-content test, refl ecting the presence in young teachers of basic psychological and pedagogical knowledge and their justifi ed application in pedagogical practice of the teacher; an activity-behavioral criterion that includes the features of the psychological and pedagogical competence of young teachers through practical skills in the implementation of professional activities and behavior.
Assessment of Compliance of the Requirements of the Federal State Educational Standard of Primary General Education in Informatics and the State Final Examination-9 (SFE-9) Codifier
Authors: Кащей В. , Kaschey V.
Published: December 2018

The article deals with the question of compliance of the level of basic General education in computer science with the requirements for the preparation of students in the performance of tasks of the basic state examination.
Skills of the XXI Century: Implementation of a Network of Project and Research Activity of Students
Authors: Зенкина С. , Zenkina S. , Герасимова Е. , Gerasimova E.
Published: December 2018

Formation of skills of youth of the XXI century dictates certain conditions for the organization of educational space. The article proposes as one of the conditions — the implementation of network design and research activities of students, during which the formation of skills of the XXI century takes place. The concept of “educational network project” is explained, and the tools and tools that allow it to be implemented are described.
Problems of Creating and Implementing of Electronic Textbooks
Authors: Нурмухамедов Г. , Nurmuhamedov G.
Published: December 2018

The article discusses issues related to the development of the electronic textbook as the basis of future e-school.
OCORRÊNCIA DE ATRAZINA EM ÁGUAS NO BRASIL E REMOÇÃO NO TRATAMENTO DA ÁGUA: REVISÃO BIBLIOGRÁFICA
Authors: Dias Agata Cristina Lima , Santos Juliana Mattos Bohrer , Santos Ana Silvia Pereira , Bottrel Sue Ellen Costa , Pereria Renata De Oliveira
Published: December 2018

A atrazina é um dos agrotóxicos mais utilizados no Brasil e possui grande tendência a contaminar águas superficiais e subterrâneas. Logo, o objetivo do estudo foi realizar uma revisão bibliográfica para verificar a ocorrência da atrazina em águas superficiais, subterrâneas e tratadas no Brasil e sua remoção durante o tratamento de água para consumo humano. Para tanto, buscaram-se na literatura trabalhos científicos publicados entre os anos de 2000 e 2017 que trataram sobre a presença do composto nas matrizes supracitadas. Para a análise da remoção da atrazina em água buscaram-se trabalhos que empregaram processos como tratamento convencional, ozonização, fotólise, adsorção, nanofiltração, entre outros. Utilizaram-se como plataformas de pesquisa o Periódicos Capes, Google Acadêmico e Science Direct. Analisaram-se 36 trabalhos referentes a presença do composto em águas no Brasil e 43 sobre sua remoção da água. Observou-se nos trabalhos revisados, frequências de detecção da atrazina da ordem de 8% para águas superficiais e 12% para subterrâneas, além de sua ocorrência em valores superiores ao VMP em ambas as matrizes. Em águas tratadas a presença, bem como concentração da atrazina foi reportada em dois estudos, porém em concentrações inferiores à máxima permitida. O tratamento de ciclo completo é ineficaz para a remoção da atrazina. Sendo assim, é necessária a associação de outros processos ao tratamento convencional, dentre os quais citam-se: a adsorção em carvão ativado, ozonização, nanofiltração, osmose inversa e processos oxidativos avançados. Porém, é importante se atentar á conversão dos contaminantes a subprodutos que, assim como seus precursores, podem apresentar toxicidade.
FORMAÇÃO DE PROFESSORES, MUDANÇAS NO TRABALHO DIDÁTICO E EDUCAÇÃO A DISTÂNCIA
Authors: Hora Dayse Martins
Published: December 2018

Este texto pretende discutir sobre as mudanças no trabalho didático decorrentes das práticas da educação a distância em cursos superiores de formação de professores. O suporte metodológico foi a pesquisa bibliográfica. Analisamos os dados a partir dos três elementos constitutivos da organização do trabalho didático – a relação, a mediação e o espaço – utilizados por Alves (2002), com foco nas práticas de educação a distância na formação de professores. Consideramos os paradoxos entre atendimento individualizado e coletivo na prática onde o aumento do número de alunos caracteriza uma educação superior de massas e questionamos as incompatibilidades entre as formas de organização do trabalho didático individualizado e coletivo nas práticas de educação a distância.