bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Intratumoural Thymidylate Synthase and Dihydropyrimidine Dehydrogenase Activities are Good Predictors of 5-Fluorouracil Sensitivity in Colorectal Cancer
Authors: Ishibiki Y , Kitajima M , Sakamoto K , Tomiki Y , Sakamoto S , Kamano T
Published: February 2013

To identify factors that influence the clinical response to 5-fluorouracil (5-FU), we studied the correlation between in vitro sensitivity to 5-FU and the expression of seven biological markers. The markers, thymidylate synthase (TS), dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase (DPD), pyrimidine nucleoside phosphorylase, p53 (wild/mutant), p21, cyclo-oxygenase-2, and inducible nitric oxide synthase were measured in tumour tissues from 32 colorectal cancer patients. The activities of TS and DPD were significantly lower in the tumours sensitive to 5-FU compared with those that were not sensitive to 5-FU. In tumours with TS < 3.7 pmol/min per mg protein and DPD < 98 pmol/min per mg protein, the percentage of cases sensitive to 5-FU (67%) and the mean percentage inhibition of tumour cells by 5-FU (42.8%) were significantly higher than in the other tumours (0% and 13.1%, respectively). The other biological markers did not correlate with in vitro sensitivity to 5-FU. Tumour sensitivity to 5-FU can be more precisely predicted by taking the activities of both TS and DPD into consideration than by using either alone.
The Histopathological Investigation of Pulpal Tissue following Heavy Orthopaedic Forces Produced by Rapid Maxillary Expansion
Authors: Taşpinar F , Akgül N , Şimşek G , Özdabak N , Gündoğdu C
Published: February 2013

This study aimed to investigate the effects of heavy orthopaedic forces, produced by rapid maxillary expansion, on pulpal tissue of pre-molar teeth. Teeth extracted as part of an orthodontic treatment plan, an average of 3 months, 6 months and 18 months after rapid maxillary expansion, were analysed using histopathological techniques. Control teeth were extracted, for orthodontic reasons, before any force treatment. Nonparametric tests were used to compare the results from the three treatment groups and one control group. Vessel diameter, haemorrhage, congestion and inflammatory cell infiltration varied between groups, and the differences between the control and 3-month groups, and the 3-month and 18-month groups were most significant. In conclusion, orthopaedic forces exerted by rapid maxillary expansion caused reversible vascular changes in pulpal tissue of upper pre-molar teeth.
Nutritional Value of a Rice-Hydrolysate Formula in Infants with Cows' Milk Protein Allergy: A Randomized Pilot Study
Authors: D'Auria E , Sala M , Lodi F , Radaelli G , Riva E , Giovannini M
Published: February 2013

This study was designed to assess whether a rice-hydrolysate formula allows normal growth and adequate metabolic balance in infants with cows' milk protein allergy. Infants (seven females, nine males; aged 6–14 months) were randomly assigned to receive a rice-hydrolysate formula ( n = 8) or a soy formula (control group, n = 8). Standardized growth indices ( Z scores) and biochemical parameters were evaluated during a 6-month treatment period. Infants in both groups showed normal growth patterns during the study, and no adverse reactions were seen. Mean plasma biochemical parameters were within the normal ranges, and did not differ between groups. In conclusion, rice-hydrolysate formula may be a nutritionally suitable alternative for infants with cows' milk protein allergy. Larger studies, with satisfactory power, should be undertaken to confirm these findings.
Evaluation of the Potential Beneficial Effects of Ostrich Eggshell Combined with Eggshell Membranes in Healing of Cranial Defects in Rabbits
Authors: Durmuş E , Celik I , Ozturk A , Ozkan Y , Aydin MF
Published: February 2013

Potential beneficial effects of outer and inner ostrich eggshell membranes alone and in combination with the shell powder on bone regeneration in cranial defects of 18 rabbits were investigated using radiological, clinical and histological methods. Three 6 mm wide, half-thickness defects were made in the calvarial bones of each rabbit. One defect remained empty as a control; prepared eggshell membranes were extended across the other two defects; and prepared eggshell powder was inserted inside the membrane in one case. Either alone or in combination with eggshell powder, the outer and inner ostrich eggshell membranes produced little adjunctive effect under the conditions and duration of this experiment.
Oral Findings in a Typical Case of Achondroplasia
Authors: Celenk P , Arici S , Celenk C
Published: February 2013

We report a 16-year-old boy who had all the typical manifestations of achondroplasia but also had a skeletal and dental class III malocclusion, a narrow maxilla, macroglossia and an open bite between the posterior teeth. The narrow maxilla and bilateral cross-bite were treated with rapid palatal expansion. The open bite and irregular teeth were corrected with fixed orthodontic treatment, taking account of the macroglossia. This case is of clinical interest since dental class III malocclusion, posterior open bite, macroglossia and benign migratory glossitis have not previously been reported in achondroplasia.
Impact of CagA Status on Serum Gastrin and Pepsinogen I and II Concentrations in Japanese Children with Helicobacter Pylori Infection
Authors: Fukuda Y , Isomoto H , Ohnita K , Omagari K , Mizuta Y , Murase K , Murata I , Moriuchi H , Kohno S
Published: February 2013

The study aimed to determine the association between cytotoxin-associated gene product (CagA), serum gastrin and pepsinogen levels in Japanese children infected with Helicobacter pylori. Three hundred children were enrolled in the study. H. pylori infection was assessed using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and CagA status was assessed using immunoblotting. Serum gastrin and pepsinogen concentrations were measured by radioimmunoassay. H. pylori seroprevalence was 12.3% (37/300) and CagA status was identified in 28/37 H. pylori-seropositive children (75.7%). Serum pepsinogen I and II levels were significantly higher in CagA-seropositive than CagA-seronegative children with H. pylori infection. There was no significant relationship between CagA seropositivity and serum gastrin levels. In conclusion, CagA status has a significant impact on serum pepsinogen levels, possibly through enhanced gastric mucosal inflammation.
Effect of Oral Zinc Supplementation on Agents of Oropharyngeal Infection in Patients Receiving Radiotherapy for Head and Neck Cancer
Authors: Ertekin MV , Uslu H , Karslioglu I , Ozbek E , Ozbek A
Published: February 2013

We aimed to investigate the effect of zinc supplementation on oropharyngeal infections in immunocompromised patients. Thirty patients receiving radiotherapy for head and neck cancer received 150 mg/day zinc or placebo, orally, during radiotherapy and for a further 6 weeks. None received antibiotics during this period. Oropharyngeal samples were collected 1 day before the first course and 1 day after the last course of radiotherapy, and 1 week and 6 weeks after radiotherapy. Samples were cultured and pathogens identified using microbial diagnostic and gas chromatography methods. Coagulase-positive and -negative staphylococci, group A β-haemolytic streptococci, Streptococcus pneumoniae, and Candida species were detected in both groups, but some infections, especially with Candida species and staphylococci, were prevented by zinc supplementation. We therefore suggest use of low-dose antibiotics and oral zinc supplementation in patients with these infections. No effects of zinc supplementation were observed on group A β-haemolytic streptococci and Streptococcus pneumoniae, making it essential to start antimicrobial chemotherapy before radiotherapy.
Comparison of the Microbicidal Activities of Superoxidized and Ozonated Water in the Disinfection of Endoscopes
Authors: Urata M , Isomoto H , Murase K , Wada A , Yanagihara K , Hirakata Y , Takeshima F , Omagari K , Mizuta Y , Murata I , Kohno S
Published: February 2013

The microbicidal activities of super-oxidized water (electrolysed strong acid water [ESAW] or electrolysed weak acid water [EWAW]), ozonated water, 0.05% chlorhexidine and 2% glutaraldehyde were tested against seven strains of clinical micro-organism isolates. Following incubation of bacterial suspensions in ESAW and EWAW for 10 s, the number of micro-organisms was reduced below the detection limit. The microbicidal activities of ESAW and EWAW were similar to that of glutaraldehyde, and superior to ozonated water and 0.05% chlorhexidine. The microbicidal activities of ESAW, EWAW and ozonated water were markedly diminished in the presence of albumin. Microbial contamination of upper gastrointestinal endoscopes was detected after 90 endoscopic procedures, but treatment of the endoscope with ESAW, EWAW or ozonated water eradicated the microbes. These results indicate that ESAW and EWAW are effective disinfectants after mechanical cleaning of upper gastrointestinal endoscopes, and can, therefore, be used in the endoscopy unit.
Utility of Testing Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid for Cryptococcal Ribosomal DNA
Authors: Takahashi T , Goto M , Kanda T , Iwamoto A
Published: February 2013

Bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) specimens from 88 patients (33 infected with human immunodeficiency virus [HIV], 45 non-HIV immunosuppressed patients and 10 immunocompetent patients with primary pulmonary disease) were analysed for the presence of Cryptococcus neoformans. Staining, culture and an antigen testing were performed, and C. neoformans ribosomal DNA (rDNA) detected using the polymerase chain reaction (PCR). C. neoformans was detected, by staining and culture, in BAL specimens from two HIV-infected patients with pulmonary cryptococcosis, and the antigen test and rDNA assay were also positive in these samples. C. neoformans rDNA was detected by PCR in a non-HIV immunocompromised patient with Pneumocystis pneumonia, whose staining, culture and antigen tests were negative. The antigen test was positive for an immunocompetent patient with sarcoidosis, while staining, culture and the PCR assay were negative. These results do not support routine testing of BAL specimens for C. neoformans rDNA.
Effects of Salter Innominate Osteotomy on the Sacroiliac Joint in Patients with Developmental Hip Dysplasia
Authors: Keskin D , Ezirmik N , Karsan O
Published: February 2013

The pressure effects of Salter innominate osteotomy (SIO), a surgical treatment for developmental hip dysplasia (DHD), on the sacroiliac joint were investigated in a retrospective study. Pre- and post-operative direct anteroposterior pelvic radiographs of 60 cases with unilateral DHD treated by SIO were examined. The mean age at surgery was 27.7 months (range 18–48 months). The distance from the posterior inferior iliac spine to the midline (from the middle of the first sacral vertebra to the symphysis pubis) was measured. No difference was found between pre- and post-operative distances on the normal, non-operated side. On the operated side, no change was observed in 10 cases (16.7%), but the distance increased by 2 mm or 3 mm in 50 cases (83.3%) post-operatively. This increase was statistically significant, but not related to age at surgery. These findings indicate that SIO creates pressure on the inferior part of the sacroiliac joint, resulting in some displacement. Such irreversible changes may eventually lead to joint degeneration and pain.
Evaluation of Autogenous Grafts used in Vestibuloplasty
Authors: Metin M , Dolanmaz D , Alkan A
Published: February 2013

Vestibuloplasty is indicated when prosthesis stability is poor due to mandibular or maxillary atrophy. The use of autogenous grafts to provide sufficient vestibular depth is widely accepted. In this retrospective study, the outcomes of vestibuloplasty performed on 41 patients using various types of autogenous grafts (full-thickness skin, dermal, reversed dermal, meshed skin and palatal mucosal) are presented. The best results were obtained with palatal mucosal grafts, but graft size is limited. Meshed skin grafts were shown to be the best alternative.
Frequency of Lymphadenopathy in Rheumatoid Arthritis and Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
Authors: Çalgüneri M , Öztürk MA , Özbalkan Z , Akdogan A , Üreten K , Kiraz S , Ertenli I
Published: February 2013

This study aimed to assess the frequency of all palpable lymph nodes during active disease and remission in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Hospital records of 100 SLE patients, 100 RA patients, 100 spondyloarthropathy patients, and 150 osteoarthritis patients, treated in our rheumatology department, were evaluated retrospectively. Overall frequencies of enlarged lymph nodes in patients with active RA and SLE were 82% and 69%, respectively. Enlarged lymph nodes associated with RA were mostly located in the axillary region, and in SLE the nodes were smaller and lymphadenopathy was more generalized compared with RA. Palpable lymph nodes disappeared in the majority of patients during remission. Lymphadenopathy was significantly less frequent in patients treated with steroids before admission. Lymph node enlargement is an important physical finding associated with RA and SLE disease activity. Atypical locations and unusually large lymph nodes should raise clinical suspicion of another underlying disease.
Improvement in Gastric Histology following Helicobacter Pylori Eradication Therapy in Japanese Peptic Ulcer Patients
Authors: Watanabe H , Yamaguchi N , Kuwayama H , Sekine C , Uemura N , Kaise M , Nakamura T , Kubo M , Yoshida S , Haruma K , Inoue M , Shimatani T , Sanuki E , Mieno H , Kawanishi M , Nakazawa S , Tanaka T
Published: February 2013

We aimed to determine if successful or failed eradication of Helicobacter pylori with triple therapy causes any difference in gastric mucosal histology. Japanese H. pylori-positive patients with a healed peptic ulcer received high ( n = 112) or low ( n = 113) doses of triple therapy (omeprazole, amoxicillin and clarithromycin) for 1 week. Biopsies from the greater curvature of the central antrum and upper corpus were taken 6 weeks and 30 weeks after treatment completion, and gastric mucosal histology compared between successful ( n = 171) and failed (n = 34) eradication groups. Morphological variables of gastritis were graded according to the updated Sydney System. Successful eradication therapy was defined as improvement in inflammation, neutrophil activity and atrophy; failed eradication therapy as improvement in inflammation and neutrophil activity only. Gastric mucosal atrophy gradually improved (in addition to improvements in inflammation and neutrophil activity) with successful eradication of H. pylori infection.

Conclusions: Improvements in atrophy, inflammation and neutrophil activity were confirmed histopathologically following successful H. pylori eradication therapy, but improvements in inflammation and neutrophil activity were also seen after failed eradication therapy. No improvement in metaplasia was observed, irrespective of the success or failure of treatment. Since atrophy is known to be involved in the aetiology of gastric cancer, H. pylori eradication might prevent development of gastric cancer.
Right Ventricle of Patients Undergoing Congenital Cardiac Surgery Differentially Expresses Haem Oxygenase-1 and Heat Shock Protein 70 Genes
Authors: Takeuchi M , Takahashi T , Taga N , Iwasaki T , Ohe K , Shimizu H , Suzuki T , Nakatsuka H , Yokoyama M , Sano S , Akagi R , Morita K
Published: February 2013

Reactive oxygen species are implicated in the pathogenesis of cardiac hypertrophy. Haem oxygenase-1 (HO-1), the rate-limiting enzyme in haem catabolism, is induced by oxidative stress and confers protection against oxidative tissue injuries. We used Northern blotting to examine expression of HO-1 and heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) in the hypertrophic cardiac muscle of eight patients (one infant and seven children) who underwent surgery for congenital heart disease. Levels of HO-1 and HSP70 mRNA were significantly increased in all specimens, but the orders of magnitude of the increases were different, suggesting that the genes expressing HO-1 and HSP70 are regulated separately.
Coating Analysis of Implant Materials Used in Orthopaedic Surgery
Authors: Aksakal B , Yildirim ÖS , Okur A
Published: February 2013

Biocompatibility of orthopaedic surgical implants with bone tissue allows adequate osseointegration between the bone and implant. To achieve this, implants are coated with biocompatible materials. The costly plasma spray procedure is routinely used to coat implants but uses high temperatures (over 16 000 °C), which affect the surface quality and microstructure of the implant. We analysed the effect of sintering temperature, time and rate on coated and uncoated implants using a dipping method. The effectiveness of synthetic hydrated calcium silicate compound as an interlayer was also investigated, using the dipping method and electrophoretic deposition. Sintering temperature, time and rate all affected the quality of the bond with the coating, but the interlayer bonded effectively with both implant and biocompatible coating. Electrophoretic deposition resulted in imperfect bonding and some irregularity on the substrate surface was seen. This technique may be improved by using coating particles of a smaller size.
Comparison of the Haemodynamic Effects of Interscalene Block Combined with General Anaesthesia and Interscalene Block Alone for Shoulder Surgery
Authors: Ozzeybek D , Oztekin S , Mavioğlu O , Karaege G , Ozkardeşler S , Ozkan M , Canyilmaz M , Elar Z
Published: February 2013

Interscalene brachial plexus block (ISB) anaesthesia is widely used with or without general anaesthesia in patients undergoing shoulder surgery, which is generally done with the patient in a sitting position. This position affects haemodynamics, and supplementing ISB with general anaesthesia can exaggerate these haemodynamic changes. This study compared ISB combined with general anaesthesia, with ISB alone, in 29 patients undergoing elective shoulder surgery. Heart rate and oxygen saturation remained stable throughout the study in both groups. Mean arterial pressure was significantly decreased when the patient moved into the sitting position in those given combined anaesthesia, whereas in those given ISB alone mean arterial pressure did not change significantly. Neither pain scores nor patient satisfaction scores differed significantly between the two groups. All of the patients were either satisfied or entirely satisfied with their anaesthesia/analgesia. There were no significant differences in side-effects and no severe complications in either group. We advocate using ISB alone for patients undergoing shoulder surgery, but further larger studies are needed to confirm the present results.
Forearm Arterial Vein Grafting: Problems and Alternative Solutions
Authors: Bacakoğglu A , Özkan MH , Göktay AY , Ekin A
Published: February 2013

We aimed to evaluate patency rates following forearm arterial reconstruction and suggest improvements. Thirty-two vein grafted reconstructions (using saphenous and dorsal hand veins) were evaluated for patency and development of symptoms using clinical examination, Colour-Doppler Sonography and angiography. Overall patency was 59%, with no significant difference between saphenous and dorsal hand veins. Stasis, turbulence, decrease in blood velocity, change in flow pattern, stenosis in the anastomotic area or increase in compliance was detected in 10 patent grafts, but was not associated with symptoms. Six out of 13 non-patent grafted patients had severe or troublesome symptoms associated with accompanying nerve regeneration. To improve patency, careful microsurgical techniques, ‘fit vein’ and valveless grafts should be used. Dorsal hand veins are most appropriate for short defects. Patency should be evaluated soon after reconstruction.
Comparison of H2-Receptor Antagonist-and Proton-Pump Inhibitor-Based Triple Regimens for the Eradication of Helicobacter Pylori in Chinese Patients with Gastritis or Peptic Ulcer
Authors: Hu F-L , Jia J-C , Li Y-L , Yang G-B
Published: February 2013

This study compared the efficacy of an H2-receptor antagonist (H2RA)- and a proton-pump inhibitor (PPI)-based triple regimen for the eradication of Helicobacter pylori infection. Chinese patients with H. pylori-associated gastritis or peptic ulcer were randomized to receive the H2RA-based triple regimen (20 mg famotidine, 1.0 g amoxicillin and 0.4 g metronidazole) or the PPI-based triple regimen (20 mg omeprazole, 1.0 g amoxicillin and 0.4 g metronidazole) both twice daily for 1 or 2 weeks. Successful eradication of H. pylori was determined by the 13C-urea breath test and gastric mucosa histology at least 4 weeks after completion of antibiotic therapy. Eradication rates were 56.0% and 76.9% for the 1-week H2RA- and PPI-based triple regimens, respectively, and 81.6% and 82.1% for the 2-week regimens, respectively. The H. pylori eradication rate for the 2-week H2RA regimen was significantly higher than that for the 1-week regimen, but there were no significant differences between the 1- and 2-week PPI regimens. The two regimens proved equally effective in eradicating H. pylori infection.
Upregulation of Cardiac Ghrelin mRNA in Leptin-Deficient and Leptin Receptor-Deficient Mice with Viral Myocarditis
Authors: Kanda T , Takahashi T , Itoh T , Kusaka K , Yamakawa J , Kudo S , Takeda T , Tsugawa H , Takekoshi N
Published: February 2013

Expression of cardiac and gastric ghrelin messenger (m) RNA, together with heart and body weights, were measured in leptin-deficient ( ob) and leptin receptor-deficient ( db) mice with heart failure induced by viral myocarditis. Significant elevations in cardiac ghrelin mRNA levels and heart weight were observed in ob and db mice 10 days after viral inoculation compared with baseline values. Expression of gastric ghrelin mRNA was not upregulated in ob and db mice on day 10. The elevated expression of cardiac ghrelin mRNA seems to compensate for the lack of upregulation in gastric ghrelin mRNA.
DA-8159, a New PDE5 Inhibitor, Attenuates the Development of Compensatory Right Ventricular Hypertrophy in a Rat Model of Pulmonary Hypertension
Authors: Kang KK , Ahn GJ , Sohn YS , Ahn BO , Kim WB
Published: February 2013

This study evaluated the effect of DA-8159, a new phosphodiesterase 5 inhibitor, on the compensatory development of right ventricular hypertrophy in monocrotaline (MCT)-induced pulmonary hypertension (PH). Rats treated with subcutaneous MCT were divided into three groups, which received DA-8159 1 mg/kg, DA-8159 5 mg/kg or saline-vehicle orally, twice daily for 21 days. The vehicle group demonstrated increased right ventricular weight, pulmonary artery medial wall thickening, myocardial fibrosis, increased plasma cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) concentration and reduced body weight gains. DA-8159, however, markedly attenuated the compensatory development of right ventricular hypertrophy and pulmonary artery medial wall thickening, amplified the increase in plasma cGMP levels and increased lung cGMP concentrations. In addition, DA-8159 prevented myocardial fibrosis induced by MCT. These results demonstrate that DA-8159 attenuates the compensatory development of right ventricular hypertrophy in a rat model of PH. DA-8159 might, therefore, be a useful treatment option for PH, but its efficacy in humans needs evaluating.
Kidney Damage by Dietary Fusarium Graminearum in Rats: A Microscopic Study
Authors: Ozbek E , Ozbek A
Published: February 2013

Fusarium graminearum is a fungus frequently isolated from cereal grains. In this study, the histopathological effects of dietary F. graminearum on rat kidneys were examined. Treated rats and controls were fed F. graminearum-inoculated and non-inoculated rice, respectively. After 14 days, all the rats were killed and their kidneys were removed and examined using light microscopy. The kidneys of the rats in the treatment group were characterized by the following histopathological findings: patch-like mononuclear cell infiltrations in the cortex; prominent necrosis of proximal tubules; debris areas containing mononuclear cells and degraded renal tubules; shrunken and densely eosinophilic apoptotic cells in the proximal tubule epithelium; karyorrhexis and mitotic figures in the epithelium of both proximal and distal tubules; and many apoptotic bodies in the areas between the renal tubules. It was concluded that dietary F. graminearum caused inflammation and tubular damage in the rat kidney. This is the first microscopic study showing that F. graminearum ingestion is associated with renal damage.
Acute Streptococcal Tonsillopharyngitis: A Review of Clinical Efficacy and Bacteriological Eradication
Authors: Schaad UB
Published: February 2013

This review evaluates studies published between January 1997 and August 2003 comparing clinical outcome and bacteriological eradication rates for patients with acute streptococcal tonsillopharyngitis treated with penicillin or other antimicrobial agents. Studies were identified using MEDLINE, and clinical outcome and bacteriological eradication at end of treatment and 2 weeks after end of treatment were ascertained. Any longer-term follow-up was also noted, along with treatment-related adverse events and compliance. Clinical efficacy rates between penicillin and comparator antibiotics were generally high and similar. Bacterial eradication rates were more variable and, 2 weeks after treatment, ranged from 64% to 93% for penicillin and 31% to 98% for comparators. Simpler dosing schedules and shorter therapy durations produced higher compliance rates. This review highlights the similarities and differences between treatment with penicillin and a wide range of comparator antibiotics. Therapy for acute group A streptococcal pharyngitis should combine excellent clinical efficacy, high bacteriological eradication rates, good tolerance and a simple, convenient dosing regimen.
Pharmacokinetics and Lipid-Lowering Effect of Fluvastatin in Hypercholesterolaemic Patients on Maintenance Haemodialysis
Authors: Ichimaru N , Takahara S , Moriyama T , Kondo M , Nonomura N , Tanaka T , Wang J-D , Imai E , Okuyama A , Kondo Y
Published: February 2013

Patients undergoing haemodialysis are predisposed to serum lipid abnormalities that can accelerate the development of atherosclerosis. Serum lipid levels must therefore be controlled over a long period. For patients with reduced renal function (including dialysis patients), special attention must be paid to hyperlipidaemia therapy, particularly drug selection. In this study, 30 mg/day fluvastatin was administered orally to five patients receiving maintenance haemodialysis. Their serum lipid levels and blood biochemistry were monitored during the 6 months of fluvastatin administration, and the pharmacokinetic parameters calculated. The therapeutic efficacy and safety of fluvastatin were demonstrated in this patient group. Furthermore, fluvastatin is not influenced by the dialysis membrane and does not accumulate in haemodialysis patients with hyperlipidaemia.
Nasal Plugs for Preventing Respiratory Infections
Authors: Huang JT
Published: February 2013

Nasal plugs were made from an N-95 respirator, surgical mask or a cotton ball and inserted into the nares of volunteer healthcare workers for 30 min. Initial and persistent respiratory resistance, choking sensation, and discomfort in the mouth and nose areas were recorded for the three different nasal plugs, the N-95 respirator and a surgical mask. Nasal plugs were more convenient and better tolerated than the masks. The ability of the nasal plug material to prevent infection by droplet transmission was also tested. A piece of each material was placed on a blood agar plate, the volunteer coughed onto the plate and the material was removed. Bacterial colonies only grew in the areas not previously covered by the nasal plug material. The cotton ball nasal plug is probably as effective as the N-95 respirator or surgical masks at preventing infection, and is much cheaper.
Interleukin-6-Induced Reciprocal Expression of SERCA and Natriuretic Peptides mRNA in Cultured Rat Ventricular Myocytes
Authors: Tanaka T , Kanda T , Takahashi T , Saegusa S , Moriya J , Kurabayashi M
Published: February 2013

We investigated the effect of interleukin-6 (IL-6) expression on sarco/endoplasmic reticulum Ca2+-ATPase (SERCA), atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) and B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP) mRNA levels in cultured rat neonatal ventricular myocytes. IL-6 plays a key role in regulating cardiac hypertrophy and the development of heart failure, and SERCA, ANP and BNP are all cardiac hormones with regulatory properties. Compared with baseline measurements, treatment with 50 U/ml IL-6 significantly decreased SERCA gene expression, but significantly increased ANP and BNP gene expression in the cardiac myocytes. These results suggest that the clinical overproduction of IL-6 in response to infection, autoimmune disease and cancer might be responsible for cardiac hypertrophy. Cardiac hypertrophy may result from the imbalance of both natriuretic peptides and SERCA transciption levels, caused by elevated IL-6 expression.
Antibiotic Resistance of Bacterial Ventilator-Associated Pneumonia in Surgical Intensive Care Units
Authors: Namiduru M , Güngör G , Karaoğlan I , Dikensoy Ö
Published: February 2013

Ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) is the most common infection in intensive care units. It is caused by prolonged hospitalization and results in high mortality rates. This retrospective clinical study, of 140 patients in a surgical intensive care unit, aimed to identify the bacterial agents responsible for VAP infection, and determine antibiotic resistance rates in VAP. Antibiotic sensitivity was evaluated by culturing and testing tracheal aspirates from patients with clinical and radiological findings of VAP. The bacteria isolated most frequently were Pseudomonas aeruginosa (33.9%), Staphylococcus aureus (30.0%), Acinetobacter baumannii (26.1%), and Enterobacter species (4.3%). A. baumannii was more prevalent than in previous years. The results of antibiotic sensitivity testing suggested sulbactam/cefoperazone as the most appropriate drug for treating these patients. We suggest, however, that when staphylococcal pneumonia is suspected, a glycopeptide (vancomycin or teicoplanin) or combined trimethoprimsulfamethoxazole is used as first-line therapy until sensitivity results are obtained. In conclusion, development of antibiotic policies for individual hospitals can reduce high antibiotic resistance rates due to VAP.
Panic Attack Symptoms in a Patient with Left Temporal Lobe Epilepsy
Authors: Saegusa S , Takahashi T , Moriya J , Yamakawa J , Itoh T , Kusaka K , Kawaura K , Kanda T
Published: February 2013

We describe a 56-year-old woman with left temporal lobe epilepsy who developed symptoms of a panic attack. Owing to normal electroencephalography and brain magnetic resonance imaging results, she was initially diagnosed as suffering from panic attacks and treated for anxiety neurosis. The symptoms persisted and she was re-examined in our department. An interictal electroencephalogram showed paroxysmal spike waves in the left mesial temporal lobe region and this was the basis for a diagnosis of left temporal lobe epilepsy. This report suggests that left temporal lobe epilepsy should be considered as the differential diagnosis when patients frequently complain of fear or anxiety.
Probiotics, Prebiotics and Child Health: Where are We Going?
Authors: Salvini F , Granieri L , Gemmellaro L , Giovannini M
Published: February 2013

Changes in gastrointestinal (GI) bacteria caused by diet, antibiotics or other factors could alter enteric and systemic immune functions; changing the gut microflora composition by diet supplementation with specific live microbiota (probiotics) may be beneficial. The ‘natural’ target of ingested probiotics is the intestine, its microflora and associated immune system. Most published data concern use of probiotics to prevent and treat GI infections. Evidence for possible beneficial effects on mucosal barrier dysfunctions, including food allergy, inflammatory bowel disease, and respiratory and urinary tract infections, is emerging. The role of prebiotics (non-digestible oligosaccharides that reduce the growth or virulence of pathogens and induce systemic effects) is being investigated. Preliminary studies indicate that prebiotics may be useful dietary adjuncts for managing GI infections. Prebiotic and probiotic use in infants is attempting to modify a complex microbial ecosystem. Better understanding of the long-term effects of these interventions on infant gut microflora is an important goal.
Effects of Dopexamine on Rat Cardiorenal Functions during Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Experimental Sepsis
Authors: Yelken BB , Görenek ES , Uzuner K , Aydin Y , Elmas C
Published: February 2013

We aimed to test the protective effect of dopexamine on renal function and systemic haemodynamics in rats with induced sepsis. Female Sprague-Dawley rats were randomized into three equal groups: group 1 (control, received 3% creatinine throughout the experiment); group 2 (sepsis, received 3% creatinine and Escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide [LPS] endotoxin [8 mg/kg per h]); and group 3 (sepsis plus dopexamine, received 3% creatinine, E. coli LPS and dopexamine [1 μg/kg per min]). Time-adjusted heart rate, systolic, diastolic and mean arterial pressures, urine volume and glomerular filtration rate (from creatinine clearance) were recorded. After bacterial infusion heart rate increased and mean arterial pressure decreased; the fall in mean arterial pressure was less pronounced with dopexamine (group 3) than without (group 2). Dopexamine also induced significant and moderate increases in urine volume and heart rate, respectively. We concluded that dopexamine has some positive inotropic-chronotropic effects and induces favourable responses in renal function.
Cytokine Response in Lower Extremity Ischaemia/Reperfusion
Authors: Ege T , Us MH , Sungun M , Duran E
Published: February 2013

We studied the local and systemic concentrations of pro-inflammatory cytokines produced during acute lower extremity ischaemia and following reperfusion in 19 patients undergoing thromboembolectomy of the femoral artery. Blood samples were taken from the femoral vein (local response) and radial artery (systemic response) in the ischaemic (baseline) phase, and 2, 12 and 24 h post-reperfusion. Associated lung injury was measured by the alveolar-arterial (A-a) oxygen gradient and post-reperfusion femoral vein plasma concentrations of creatinine kinase and lactic dehydrogenase were also measured. Local and systemic concentrations of interleukin (IL)-2 receptor and IL-6 (but not IL-1β) increased significantly after reperfusion. IL-8 concentration increased significantly in the radial artery. The high and progressively increasing concentration of IL-6 in the femoral vein suggests local production. The parallel increase in creatinine kinase concentration and A-a oxygen gradient indicates that IL-6 plays an important role in acute arterial occlusion and reperfusion injury.
Relationship between Body Mass Index and Anti-Hypertensive Efficacy of Doxazosin According to a Survey of Japanese Patients
Authors: Toyonaga S , Nakatsu T , Suezawa C , Matsubara H , Sogou T , Kusachi S
Published: February 2013

In this cross-sectional study, we surveyed a population of 101 hypertensive patients in Japan to determine the efficacy of the blood pressure lowering effect of α1-blockers in relation to their body mass index (BMI). We found that doxazosin was frequently administered to obese hypertensive patients; many patients treated with doxazosin were taking concomitant medication. We also demonstrated that the higher the dose of doxazosin, the lower the ambulatory blood pressure measured in the out-patient clinic. Doxazosin showed a more favourable blood pressure lowering effect in patients with a higher BMI. These results suggest that anti-hypertensive drugs are useful when used in obese patients receiving multiple concomitant medications. These patients would normally be considered to show a poor response to anti-hypertensive treatment. Furthermore, we expect the α1-blocker doxazosin to demonstrate a dose-dependent effect in obese patients with hypertension.
Surgical Management of Giant Aneurysms Complicating Arteriovenous Fistulae
Authors: Karabay Ö , Yetkin U , Silistreli E , Uskent H , Önol H , Açikel Ü
Published: February 2013

The creation of an arteriovenous fistula (AVF) is frequently used to achieve easier access for haemodialysis in patients with chronic renal insufficiency. The most frequent late complication of AVFs is aneurysm formation, which carries the risk of spontaneous rupture. This study reports on 18 patients with giant aneurysms that developed on antebrachial AVFs who were operated on over a period of 6 years. Colour duplex ultrasonographic examination of the upper extremity was performed in all but one patient in the preoperative period.

Surgical management included resection of the aneurysm and re-establishment of arterial continuity. There were no complications such as infection, ischaemic extremity loss, neurological sequelae or mortality. Colour duplex ultrasonographic examinations after 6 months were all normal. The mean follow-up period was 29.1 months (range 7 − 50 months). There were no additional vascular complications observed during follow-up. Early surgical intervention is the recommended treatment of choice for giant aneurysm complicating antebrachial AVF.
A Retrospective Comparison of Bovine Pericardium and Polytetrafluoroethylene Patch for Closure of Ventricular Septal Defects
Authors: Us MH , Sungun M , Sanioglu S , Pocan S , Cebeci BS , Ogus T , Ucak A , Guler A
Published: February 2013

This retrospective study compared the immediate post-operative (first month) and mid-term (up to 5 years post-operation) results of 22 patients with isolated ventricular septal defects who underwent surgical correction with bovine pericardium with 57 similar patients who received a polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) patch. There were no cases of early (in the first month) mortality in either group and the 3-month post-operative echocardiographical studies showed no evidence of calcification or aneurysm formation around the patch. Recurrent ventricular septal defects due to dehiscence of the patch occurred in the early follow-up period in four patients who had the PTFE patch but this was not statistically significant. Annual echocardiographical examination revealed some calcification in both groups. We conclude that although there are no significant differences between the two materials in outcome after ventricular septal defects closure, we prefer bovine pericardium because of its handling characteristics, elasticity and the lower risk of endocarditis.
A New Tactile Skin Sensor for Measuring Skin Hardness in Patients with Systemic Sclerosis and Autoimmune Raynaud's Phenomenon
Authors: Takei M , Shiraiwa H , Omata S , Motooka N , Mitamura K , Horie T , Ookubo T , Sawada S
Published: February 2013

We used a new tactile sensor to measure the elastic properties of skin in patients with systemic sclerosis or Raynaud's phenomenon. The sensor consists of a piezoelectric vibrator with vibration pickup to measure frequency changes when the sensor is placed on the skin. The mean frequency change at the skin surface of the proximal third phalanx in patients with systemic sclerosis was significantly lower than in age- and sex-matched controls. The results in systemic sclerosis patients were statistically correlated to the Modified Rodnan Skin Thickness Score. This technique was also used to measure the therapeutic efficacy of salpogrelate, a new specific serotonin receptor antagonist. A greater mean frequency change was seen after treatment. We conclude that this new tactile sensor is useful for quantitatively measuring skin sclerosis and may help determine the efficacy of therapeutic treatments.
Coronary Flow Reserve after Coronary Intervention is Similar in Patients with Preserved Viability in Previous Myocardial Infarction and in Those with Angina Pectoris
Authors: Takaishi A , Iwasaki K , Murakami T , Kusachi S , Hina K , Murakami M , Kamikawa S , Hirota M , Obika M , Shiratori Y
Published: February 2013

The relationship between coronary flow reserve (CFR) and viability in the infarcted myocardium has not been fully clarified. We measured coronary blood flow velocity immediately after coronary intervention (with percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty [PTCA] or stenting) in 38 patients with previous myocardial infarction and preserved viability and 48 with angina pectoris. CFR was calculated and was similar between the two patient groups. No differences in the incidence of post-intervention CFR > 2.0 were detected; there were no differences in postintervention CFR between patients with preserved myocardial viability and those with angina pectoris who underwent PTCA. Coronary stenting reduced the percentage diameter stenosis in both groups compared with PTCA and slightly increased the post-intervention CFR. No differences were, however, detected in postintervention CFR between patients with preserved myocardial viability and those with angina pectoris who underwent additional stenting. These results reveal that in patients with preserved myocardial viability, post-intervention CFR was restored to values similar to those in patients with angina pectoris.
Effectiveness of Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy in the Treatment of Complex Regional Pain Syndrome
Authors: Kiralp MZ , Yildiz Ş , Vural D , Keskin I , Ay H , Dursun H
Published: February 2013

In this double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled study we aimed to assess the effectiveness of hyperbaric oxygen (HBO) therapy for treating patients with complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS). Of the 71 patients, 37 were allocated to the HBO group and 34 to the control (normal air) group. Both groups received 15 therapy sessions in a hyperbaric chamber. Pain, oedema and range of motion (ROM) of the wrist were evaluated before treatment, after the 15th treatment session and on day 45. In the HBO group there was a significant decrease in pain and oedema and a significant increase in the ROM of the wrist. When we compared the two groups, the HBO group had significantly better results with the exception of wrist extension. In conclusion, HBO is an effective and well-tolerated method for decreasing pain and oedema and increasing the ROM in patients with CRPS.
Reperfusion Strategy after Regional Ischaemia: Simulation of Emergency Revascularization and Effects of Integrated Cardioplegia on Myocardial Resuscitation
Authors: Us MH , Oğuş NT , Yildirim T , Oğuş H , Özkan S , Öztürk ÖY , IŁik Ö
Published: February 2013

We induced ischaemia in the left anterior descending artery of 16 dogs while the heart was beating, followed by cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB), aortic cross clamping and blood cardioplegia. Half of the dogs received integrated blood cardioplegia and sudden uncontrolled reperfusion (group A) while the others received the same cardioplegia followed by pressure-controlled tepid initial reperfusion (group B). The effects on myocardial cell metabolism, oxidative stress and ultrastructure were recorded. The recovery period was significantly longer and cardiac output levels after CPB significantly lower in group A compared with group B. Group A showed a failure to uptake and utilize oxygen during the recovery period and significant lipid peroxidation. Marked tissue oedema was seen in group A but mitochondrial and organelle integrity was almost normal in both groups. We conclude that integrated cardioplegia could partially resuscitate the myocardium in this model, and pressure controlled reperfusion during the first 2 min is needed as an adjunct procedure.
Change in Serum Concentrations of Interleukin-2 and Interferon-γ during Treatment of Tuberculosis
Authors: Berktas M , Guducuoglu H , Bozkurt H , Onbasi KT , Kurtoglu MG , Andic S
Published: February 2013

We aimed to investigate changes in serum concentrations of the cytokines interleukin (IL)-2 and interferon (IFN)-γ during the clinical course of active tuberculosis, to establish the presence of cellular immunity before and after treatment. Blood samples were taken from 18 patients with active tuberculosis before and 2 months after therapy; IL-2 and IFN-γ concentrations were evaluated. The mean serum IL-2 concentration before therapy was 164.5 pg/ml (range 12–980 pg/ml) and the concentration 2 months after therapy was 92.11 pg/ml (range 1–490 pg/ml). The mean serum IFN-γ concentrations were 10.83 pg/ml (range 1–22.2 pg/ml) and 4.64 pg/ml (range 1–28.5 pg/ml), respectively. The decrease in concentrations of both cytokines after therapy was statistically significant. Further studies investigating the benefits of adding cytokines to drug treatment for tuberculosis are needed.
Features of Patients with Influenza Virus Infection Examined in the Emergency Department of a University Hospital in North-western Japan
Authors: Mashiba S , Takahashi T , Hayashi N , Morita H , Gotoh T , Nakata M , Watoh Y , Kanda T , Takino M
Published: February 2013

We aimed to determine if there were any changes in the clinical features of patients infected with influenza during an influenza epidemic in north-western Japan. We retrospectively obtained data on influenza-infected patients from an electronic database set up in the emergency department. Patients were examined in the Department of Emergency Medicine, Kanazawa Medical University in 2001, 2002 or 2003. The information collected included age, sex, time of visiting the emergency department, visiting method, grade of emergency, where they were when their symptoms started to develop, influenza-related complication(s) and outcome. The retrospective data collected for the 3 years analysed (2001-2003) were similar despite the influenza epidemic in the winter of 2002/2003. These results allow us to estimate the influenza-related total medical costs and total work burden for staff in the emergency department of a university hospital during any future influenza epidemics.
Normal Ranges of Ulnar and Radial Deviation with Reference to Ulnar Variance
Authors: Unver B , Gocen Z , Sen A , Gunal I , Karatosun V
Published: February 2013

We aimed to determine the normal ranges of radial and ulnar deviation of the wrist in relation to the ulnar variance. A total of 102 healthy subjects (204 wrists) were included in the study. The ranges of radial and ulnar deviation of the wrists were measured using a universal goniometer. Ulnar variance was assessed manually or radiographically, and recorded as ulna minus, ulna plus or ulna minus/plus. When the ranges of radial and ulnar deviation were compared with ulnar variance, ulnar deviation was greater in ulna minus subjects and radial deviation was greater in ulna minus/plus subjects. There was no significant difference in the total range of radio-ulnar deviation. The results of this study indicate that ulnar deviation is greater in ulna minus wrists, and we suggest that ulnar variance should be recorded alongside measurements of radial and ulnar deviation.