bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effects of skeletal muscle energy availability on protein turnover responses to exercise
Authors: Smiles William J. , Hawley John A. , Camera Donny M.
Published: January 2016

Skeletal muscle adaptation to exercise training is a consequence of repeated contraction-induced increases in gene expression that lead to the accumulation of functional proteins whose role is to blunt the homeostatic perturbations generated by escalations in energetic demand and substrate turnover. The development of a specific ‘exercise phenotype’ is the result of new, augmented steady-state mRNA and protein levels that stem from the training stimulus (i.e. endurance or resistance based). Maintaining appropriate skeletal muscle integrity to meet the demands of training (i.e. increases in myofibrillar and/or mitochondrial protein) is regulated by cyclic phases of synthesis and breakdown, the rate and turnover largely determined by the protein's half-life. Cross-talk among several intracellular systems regulating protein synthesis, breakdown and folding is required to ensure protein equilibrium is maintained. These pathways include both proteasomal and lysosomal degradation systems (ubiquitin-mediated and autophagy, respectively) and the protein translational and folding machinery. The activities of these cellular pathways are bioenergetically expensive and are modified by intracellular energy availability (i.e. macronutrient intake) and the ‘training impulse’ (i.e. summation of the volume, intensity and frequency). As such, exercise–nutrient interactions can modulate signal transduction cascades that converge on these protein regulatory systems, especially in the early post-exercise recovery period. This review focuses on the regulation of muscle protein synthetic response-adaptation processes to divergent exercise stimuli and how intracellular energy availability interacts with contractile activity to impact on muscle remodelling.
On-Site Quality Control of Processed Land Animal Proteins Using a Portable Micro-Electro-Mechanical-Systems near Infrared Spectrometer
Authors: Garrido-Varo Ana , Vega Sofía , Maroto-Molina Francisco , De la Haba María José , Pérez-Marín Dolores
Published: January 2016

This study was carried out using a spectral database comprising 1164 samples of processed land animal proteins provided by a rendering plant located in southern Spain (Seville). A variety of cloning algorithms and strategies were evaluated for the transfer of spectroscopic databases obtained on a FOSS NIRSystems monochromator (FNS), currently in use for at-line NIR analysis in the rendering-industry laboratory, to a MicroPhazir Rx portable micro-electro-mechanical-systems (MEMS)-based NIR spectrometer. Application of the spectral difference by wavelengths algorithm for spectral adjustment using a 10-sample standardisation set enabled standardisation of the two instruments and effective transfer of spectral data: spectral concordance values, as estimated by the RMS(c) statistic, were very similar at 10,829 and 10,388 μlog (1/ R) for the master (MEMS-NIR) and satellite instruments (FNS), respectively. Once the database had been transferred to the master, calibration equations were developed to predict moisture, crude protein, ash, crude fat, fat after hydrolysis, digestible protein, Ca and P, with a view to comparing the predictive ability of these equations with that of equations obtained using the satellite. Equations developed in the two instruments displayed similar accuracy and precision.
Chemical footprinting reveals conformational changes of 18S and 28S rRNAs at different steps of translation termination on the human ribosome
Authors: Bulygin Konstantin N. , Bartuli Yulia S. , Malygin Alexey A. , Graifer Dmitri M. , Frolova Ludmila Yu. , Karpova Galina G.
Published: January 2016

Translation termination in eukaryotes is mediated by release factors: eRF1, which is responsible for stop codon recognition and peptidyl-tRNA hydrolysis, and GTPase eRF3, which stimulates peptide release. Here, we have utilized ribose-specific probes to investigate accessibility of rRNA backbone in complexes formed by association of mRNA- and tRNA-bound human ribosomes with eRF1•eRF3•GMPPNP, eRF1•eRF3•GTP, or eRF1 alone as compared with complexes where the A site is vacant or occupied by tRNA. Our data show which rRNA ribose moieties are protected from attack by the probes in the complexes with release factors and reveal the rRNA regions increasing their accessibility to the probes after the factors bind. These regions in 28S rRNA are helices 43 and 44 in the GTPase associated center, the apical loop of helix 71, and helices 89, 92, and 94 as well as 18S rRNA helices 18 and 34. Additionally, the obtained data suggest that eRF3 neither interacts with the rRNA ribose-phosphate backbone nor dissociates from the complex after GTP hydrolysis. Taken together, our findings provide new information on architecture of the eRF1 binding site on mammalian ribosome at various translation termination steps and on conformational rearrangements induced by binding of the release factors.
Possible identification of CENP-C in fish and the presence of the CENP-C motif in M18BP1 of vertebrates.
Authors: Kral Leos
Published: January 2016

The centromeric protein CENP-C is a base component of the kinetochore. This protein, along with CENP-A has been shown to adaptively evolve in a number of animal and plant species. In order to determine if CENP-C also evolves in fish species, I attempted to retrieve fish CENP-C sequences from GenBank. No Teleostei CENP-C sequences were found either by name or by BLASTP searches with the vertebrate CENP-C motif sequence. A number of putative Teleostei protein sequences were identified in GenBank that have homology to the C-terminal cupin domain of vertebrate CENP-C. These proteins only have partial homology to the CENP-C motif, but evidence is presented that makes it likely that these fish proteins are orthologs of CENP-C. Interestingly, it was also discovered that the CENP-C motif sequence is also mostly present in M18BP1 proteins of fish and some other vertebrates but not in mammals. This finding may have implications for CENP-C and M18BP1 assembly in centromeric regions of different vertebrate taxa.
Chikungunya: epidemiology
Authors: Petersen Lyle R. , Powers Ann M.
Published: January 2016

Chikungunya virus is a mosquito-borne alphavirus that causes fever and debilitating joint pains in humans. Joint pains may last months or years. It is vectored primarily by the tropical and sub-tropical mosquito, Aedes aegypti, but is also found to be transmitted by Aedes albopictus, a mosquito species that can also be found in more temperate climates. In recent years, the virus has risen from relative obscurity to become a global public health menace affecting millions of persons throughout the tropical and sub-tropical world and, as such, has also become a frequent cause of travel-associated febrile illness. In this review, we discuss our current understanding of the biological and sociological underpinnings of its emergence and its future global outlook.
Lugemiseksperiment fonoloogilise varieerumise uurimiseks
Authors: Kalvik Mari-Liis , Piits Liisi
Published: January 2016

Artiklis uuritakse kolme varieeruvat hääldusnähtust: välte varieerumist sõnades, mille hääldusnorm lubab nii teise- kui ka kolmandavältelist hääldust, h hääldamist sõnaalgulises positsioonis ning palatalisatsiooni ühesilbilistes sõnades pika vokaali järel asuvates konsonantides. Kirjeldatakse nähtuste uurimise ning õigekeelsusallikais normimise ajalugu, lugemiskatse koostamise põhimõtteid ja tutvustatakse esialgse akusti lise analüüsi tulemusi. 11 keelejuhi andmetel põhineva pilootuuringu käigus selgusid nii mõned puudused lugemiskatse ülesehituses ja analüüsiprotsessis kui ka esialgsed suundumused vaatluse all olevate nähtuste kohta: a) varieeruva vältega sõnade puhul on võimalik esile tuua sõnad, mida hääldatakse ülekaalukalt kas teises või kolmandas vältes; b) sõnaalgulist h-d hääldatakse ettelugemisel 95%-l juhtudest. Sõnaalgulise h kestuse analüüs kinnitas, et suurema esinemissagedusega sõnades on h kestus lühem; c) palatalisatsiooni leidub praeguses materjalis väga vähe, mõningal määral t ja d puhul pikkade tagavokaalide järel. Suurema uurimismaterjali kasutamine peaks selgitama, kas loetletud suundumused leiavad kinnitust ja kas sel juhul oleks tulemusi võimalik rakendada ka tekst-kõne sünteesi grafeem-foneem teisenduse täiustamisel.Abstract. Mari-Liis Kalvik and Liisi Piits: Reading experiment for discovering phonological variation. The article investigates articulatory and phonological variation in Estonian, focusing on three main areas of variation: quantity degrees, word-initial /h/ and palatalization in i-stemmed words with a (CC)VC structure. The pronunciation fixed in the Dictionary of Standard Estonian (ÕS 2013) is subject to variation, and the variants reflected in the dictionary are not always the ones that seem to be preferred in the usage. The goal of the article is to describe the reading experiment methodology for studying such variation as well as to introduce the pilot study based on recordings of 11 readers. The pilot study revealed that: a) words tend to be pronounced prevalently either in the long or in the overlong quantity degree; b) in 95% of the occasions the word-initial /h/ was pronounced; c) palatalization was detected only in some words where a long back vowel precedes the consonant d or t. Further study is needed to understand the actual extent and possible causes of the variation.Keywords: Estonian, orthoepy, reading experiment, phonological variation, quantity degree, palatalization, word-initial /h/
Expression of basic emotions in Estonian parametric text-to-speech synthesis
Authors: Tamuri Kairi , Mihkla Meelis
Published: January 2016

The goal of this study was to conduct modelling experiments, the purpose of which was the expression of three basic emotions (joy, sadness and anger) in Estonian parametric text-to-speech synthesis on the basis of both a male and a female voice. For each emotion, three different test models were constructed and presented for evaluation to subjects in perception tests. The test models were based on the basic emotions’ characteristic parameter values that had been determined on the basis of human speech. In synthetic speech, the test subjects most accurately recognized the emotion of sadness, and least accurately the emotion of joy. The results of the test showed that, in the case of the synthesized male voice, the model with enhanced parameter values performed best for all three emotions, whereas in the case of the synthetic female voice, different emotions called for different models: the model with decreased values was the most suitable one for the expression of joy, and the model with enhanced values was the most suitable for the expression of sadness and anger. Logistic regression was applied to the results of the perception tests in order to determine the significance and contribution of each acoustic parameter in the emotion models, and the possible need to adjust the values of the parameters.Kokkuvõte. Kairi Tamuri ja Meelis Mihkla: Põhiemotsioonide väljendusvõimalused eestikeelsel parameetrilisel kõnesünteesil. Uurimistöö eesmärk oli läbi viia modelleerimiseksperimente kolme põhiemotsiooni (rõõmu, kurbuse ja viha) väljendamiseks eestikeelsel parameetrilisel kõnesünteesil nii mees- kui ka naissünteeshääle baasil. Selleks koostati iga emotsiooni kohta kolm erinevat katsemudelit, mida lasti katseisikutel tajutestidel hinnata. Katsemudelite aluseks oli inimkõne põhjal määratud põhiemotsioonidele omased parameetrite väärtused. Emotsioonidest tunti sünteeskõnes kõige paremini ära kurbuse-emotsioon ning kõige halvemini rõõmu-emotsioon. Testitulemused näitasid, et kui meessünteeshääle puhul töötas kõigi kolme emotsiooni puhul kõige paremini võimendatud väärtuste mudel, siis naissünteeshääle puhul vajasid erinevad emotsioonid erinevaid mudeleid: rõõmu väljendamiseks sobis kõige paremini vähendatud väärtuste mudel, kurbuse ja viha väljendamiseks võimendatud väärtuste mudel. Tajutestide tulemusi analüüsiti logistilisel regressioonil, et teha kindlaks üksikute akustiliste parameetrite olulisus ja osakaal emotsiooni mudelites ning parameetrite väärtuste korrigeerimisvajadused.Märksõnad: eesti keel, emotsioonid, kõnesüntees, akustiline mudel, kõnetempo, intensiivsus, põhitoon
On the Relevance of Research to Translation
Authors: Lange Anne
Published: January 2016

The paper examines the interrelation of the critical, academic, and translational heritage of Ants Oras. As his abundant translations, critical interpretations, and statistical analysis of versification were done in socially and politically highly different contexts, the paper asks for the possibility of integrity in all those endeavors. This can be assumed from the cognitive needs of his multiple roles as a critic, a researcher, and a translator.
2016 Budget – Financial Issues Stay Sharp
Authors: Смирнов  , Smirnov E.
Published: January 2016

Th e 2016 Federal Budget enacted by the Parliament of Russia evidences the end of the decline in domestic

economy, though the State’s fi nancial problems stay vexed.
Developer’s Liability of Investing into Capital Construction Projects
Authors: Ершов  , Ershov O.
Published: January 2016

Th e article is based on the analysis of both foreign and domestic law and reveals the grounds for developer’s

liability of investing into capital construction projects considering current relations. Th e necessity of insurance is

substantiated.
Post-caesarean peer support
Authors: Wilkes Rebecca
Published: January 2016

After Rebecca Wilkes had an unplanned caesarean section, she struggled to come to terms with the psychological impact. Knowing that other women have been through the same thing, she established an online support group to offer help and advice.
Common skin complaints in neonates
Authors: Watkins Jean
Published: January 2016

A number of skin problems may present in the neonatal period. Some are minor but may still cause concern for parents, while others may require treatment, specialist advice, investigation and/or continued observation. It is important for midwives to be able to recognise common skin problems and know when to refer the family for further advice or treatment.
Midwifery in the 21st century: Are students prepared for the challenge?
Authors: Power Alison
Published: January 2016

The role of the midwife is emotionally and physically challenging: birth rates are increasing, there are staff shortages and increasingly more complex cases for which to coordinate care ( Royal College of Midwives (RCM), 2015 ). There are also professional and policy requirements to be met, all in the context of practising in line with our core value of being ‘with woman’ and providing her with individualised, high-quality, evidence-based care. Such demands drive some midwives to leave the profession, citing stress, burnout, compassion fatigue and emotional exhaustion as causes ( Curtis et al, 2006 ). Others develop strategies to cope with the complex and varied stressors of the role; they demonstrate resilience. The future of maternity services in the UK is dependent on the retention of resilient midwives, so it is important that the characteristics are explored to ascertain whether resilience is a personal trait or one that can be learned. In 2013, the RCM funded the first research project in the UK to investigate resilience in midwifery ( Hunter and Warren, 2013 ). This article will provide an overview of the clinical, professional and political stressors qualified midwives have to deal with on a daily basis in order to understand the environment student midwives are exposed to when working under the tutelage of their midwife mentor. It will consider the relevance of Hunter and Warren's (2013) findings in the context of midwifery pre-registration education, as the future of midwifery practice in the UK depends on the recruitment, retention and successful qualification of student midwives who are adequately prepared to cope with the complex emotional and physical demands of the profession.
Angular limb deformity in the mature horse
Authors: Barnes Cliff
Published: January 2016

Cliff Barnes AWCF, discusses the diagnosis and treatment when this condition is missed in young foals
Just in case
Authors: Chubbock Sam
Published: January 2016

Sam Chubbock, World Horse Welfare Deputy Head of UK Support advises on why having a plan can help make a difficult decision easier
The influence of women's perceived entitlement to have postnatal depression on the disclosure process
Authors: Abraham-Smith Kelly , Keville Saskia
Published: January 2016

Studies showing the impact of maternal depression on the mother, infant and wider family have highlighted the importance of mothers feeling able and entitled to disclose postnatal depression (PND) and seek support from others. This paper reports a subset of findings from an interpretative phenomenological analysis of five women interviewed about their experiences of disclosing symptoms of postnatal depression. Entitlement appeared to be influenced by the women's own personal contextual factors, including financial status and lifestyles, having children who slept well, partner support and having successful IVF treatment. The findings have clinical implications for health professionals who have regular contact with women in the antenatal and postnatal periods by creating safe contexts to address their beliefs about PND, facilitating disclosure and implementing intervention more promptly.
The ‘curvy years’ and their aftermath: Film, media and representations of femininity in 1980s and 1990s Greece
Authors: Zestanakis Panagiotis
Published: January 2016

The article explores the representational politics of femininity in 1980s and 1990s Greece. Using the body as its main analytical tool, it argues that in the 1980s the Greek mediascape paid limited attention to international trends that highlighted fitness and tautness in the production of new sex symbols. Thus, traditionally, most female sex symbols were curvy stars of cinema. Nevertheless, as Greek media came into further contact with international trends in the 1990s, new sex symbols originating from fields such as modelling and sports emerged. As lifestyle media developed as a crucial component of the Greek mediascape, beauty standards became stricter. Thus, although the aesthetics of cinema and television converged, cinema lost its role as the main producer of sex symbols.
Get the London look: Anna Neagle as the emblem of British fashion and femininity in Maytime in Mayfair
Authors: Crossley Laura
Published: January 2016

In the years following the Second World War, Britain experienced a prolonged period of austerity and an increase in rationing – a measure that had a direct effect on fashion. This was not always reflected on screen: during the war years, Margaret Lockwood, Patricia Roc et al. showed off sumptuous gowns in a succession of popular Gainsborough Studio period films. In 1946, Lockwood and her co-star James Mason were two of the biggest box-office stars in Britain. By 1947, however, Mason had left for America, and while Lockwood was still popular, her more subversive on-screen female sexuality was being displaced by a return to more traditional modes of femininity, as embodied by Anna Neagle. 1947 also saw the birth of the New Look and the golden age of couture, both in Paris and London. These aspects of British fashion and British femininity come together in Herbert Wilcox’s romantic comedy Maytime in Mayfair (1949). Set around the fashion boutiques of Mayfair, the film showcases designs by the leading houses of the day: Hardy Amies, Norman Hartnell, Worth and others. The luxury displayed on-screen would have been beyond the reach of most of the audience: however, the film works to promote the image of British fashion design for both a domestic and international market, while simultaneously presenting an image of resilient but glamorous British womanhood through Neagle’s star persona and on-screen presentation. This article examines the construction of ideas of British femininity on the post-war years through the mediation of stardom and fashion-on-film.
A bundle of confessions in Jewish women’s comics: Reconstructing Eastern European Jewish American life in Liana Finck’s A Bintel Brief
Authors: Mihăilescu Dana
Published: January 2016

My article examines how Liana Finck’s 2014 graphic narrative A Bintel Brief contributes to historical studies and artistic representations of the early twentieth-century encounter between Eastern European and American values by her engagement with some letters of Jewish immigrants to the United States addressed to The Forward and her pondering on their relevance in the present. I am particularly interested in how the combination of words and images for the eleven letters included in the narrative adds new possible angles to interpret the Bintel Brief column that has been the focus of a considerable number of scholarly studies. I contend that Finck’s graphic narrative uses history as a form of confession about the dynamics between past and present lifestyles of Jewish Americans differently from the majority of Jewish women authors of comics primarily concerned with the representation of their own personal experiences. Finck brings history and her persona together by including in the narrative a fictionalized version of herself who imaginatively meets The Forward’s legendary editor Abraham Cahan in the present, giving rise to an intriguing dynamics I will examine in this article. She thereby seems to pan out a possible sub-category with its own specifics within Kaminer and Lightman’s broader umbrella-term of Jewish women’s confessional comics.
La necesidad del derecho bajo el presupuesto del imperativo categórico de la moralidad
Authors: Fulda Hans Friedrich
Published: January 2016

En este texto, el Prof. Fulda analiza la compleja relación entre el imperativo categórico de la moralidad como principio supremo de la doctrina de la moral en su conjunto y la fundamentación de la necesidad del derecho en Kant. En la primera parte de este artículo se demuestra cómo y por qué los kantianos han malinterpretado dicha relación. En lo que sigue, se propone una solución basada en el texto kantiano: la teoría de una ley permisiva. Su rigurosa exposición pasa por una interpretación de la tabla de las categorías de la libertad descrita en la Crítica de la Razón Práctica en relación con la doctrina del concepto de un objeto de la razón pura práctica, para llegar a la conclusión de la existencia de una ley permisiva formulada con carácter expreso y en virtud de la cual se explica la relación entre derecho y moral en Kant.
Seguridad jurídica y previsibilidad
Authors: Lifante Vidal Isabel
Published: January 2016

El objetivo de este trabajo es defender una concepción de la seguridad jurídica que resulte coherente con las exigencias normativas del Estado constitucional de derecho. Como intentaré mostrar, ello implica «sustantivizar» un tanto las exigencias que se derivan de este valor, que suele presentarse —de manera un tanto imprecisa— como exclusivamente «formal».
Patologías de la división de poderes
Authors: Malem Seña Jorge F. , Seleme Hugo O.
Published: January 2016

La división de poderes parece consustancial hoy a una democracia constitucional moderna, aunque sus orígenes puedan ser rastreados en la idea de república. La división de poderes no ha sido presentada, sin embargo, de igual forma teórica, no se ha manifestado empíricamente de igual modo, ni ha tenido una única y uniforme justificación. Se analizan dos principios justificatorios diferentes: el de especialización y el de independencia. A la luz de estos dos principios se pueden colegir diversas patologías en la división de poderes por la invasión de un poder sobre la competencia y las acciones del otro. Se examinan cuatro posibles patologías: obstrucción, inhibición, conducción, congraciamiento. Y también otras cuatro provocadas por la invasión por parte de agentes privados del poder estatal: entorpecimiento, abstención, colonización y adaptación.
Religiones, democracias y verdades
Authors: Ovejero Félix
Published: January 2016

En este trabajo se examinan los problemas de compatibilidad entre democracia y religión. Los problemas son especialmente importantes cuando la idea de religión es exigente, esto es, cuando contempla una idea fuerte de bien y una estrategia de fundamentación particular, y cuando la democracia se entiende como democracia deliberativa, asociada a un ideal de corrección normativa, una idea de democracia que algunos califican como democracia republicana. Los problemas disminuyen cuando la religión se entiende como un club privado, alejada de una idea de bien con pretensiones de validez, o cuando la democracia se entiende en sentido austeramente liberal, como un sistema de selección de élites políticas.
La redundancia lingüística y las normas especiales. Algunos usos del principio lex specialis
Authors: Zorzetto Silvia
Published: January 2016

Este artículo contiene un análisis del principio lex specialis. En particular, es una investigación preliminar acerca de su uso en los casos en que las normas especiales y generales son compatibles en lugar de encontrarse en conflicto. El punto de partida es que las normas especiales y las normas generales son, por definición, normas redundantes sobre la base de la lógica y el lenguaje, en cuanto todas las especies se encuentran lógicamente incluidas en el género al que pertenecen. Pero, además, cuando las normas especiales y las normas generales son compatibles y, por lo tanto, pueden prima facie concurrir y ser aplicadas en conjunto, puede darse también una redundancia normativa. Así, el análisis se divide en tres partes. En la primera parte, el tema principal es la especialidad del derecho y la relación de derogación entre normas especiales y generales. En la segunda parte se presentan de manera bastante esquemática las redundancias lingüísticas en los lenguajes naturales. En la tercera parte se introducen y discuten algunos ejemplos de la particular redundancia de las normas, con la finalidad de explicar las funciones pragmáticas y discursivas de las redundancias en el derecho.
La hipótesis de la libertad frente al desafío de la Neurociencia
Authors: Sgarbi Adrian
Published: January 2016

El tema de la libertad en los tribunales de justicia, al menos en el contexto norteamericano, es tratado como una hipótesis de trabajo, la cual primero fue cuestionada por la filosofía, y defendida en su alcance jurídico por teóricos y filósofos del derecho. Sin embargo, en los últimos años está emergiendo un nuevo frente de incertidumbre en relación con la conducta de la libertad humana; esta vez desde los neurocientíficos. Entendemos por neuroderecho el campo del conocimiento cuyo objetivo consiste en explorar los hallazgos de la justicia neurocientífica. Este estudio presenta el tema de la libertad en el contexto de los tribunales de justicia en su cuestionable aplicación de las formulaciones neurocientíficas, para delimitar el alcance de su uso.
Dos concepciones de los principios. Una respuesta a Juan Ruiz Manero
Authors: Ferrajoli Luigi
Published: January 2016

En este trabajo el autor replica a las críticas formuladas por J. Ruiz Manero en el artículo «A propósito de un último texto de Luigi Ferrajoli. Una nota sobre reglas, principios, “soluciones en abstracto” y “ponderaciones equitativas”», publicado en el número precedente de Doxa. El autor examina las diversas críticas dirigidas por Ruiz Manero, tanto en relación con su tipología de las normas regulativas como en lo que se refiere a sus tesis sobre las maneras de resolver las situaciones de conflicto (o concurso) entre principios. La conclusión central a la que llega el autor puede resumirse en lo siguiente: no infravalora en absoluto lo que llama «las buenas razones señaladas por Ruiz Manero en apoyo del enfoque principialista»; piensa, sin embargo, que todas estas ventajas pueden ser alcanzadas también por el enfoque garantista que él defiende, sin que este último enfoque tenga que pagar los importantes precios, sobre todo en relación con el debilitamiento de la normatividad de los principios constitucionales, que, en su opinión, vienen impuestos al principialismo por la teoría de la ponderación. La teoría de la ponderación, en opinión textual del autor, «permanece como el único impedimento para un buen tratado de paz entre nuestros diversos enfoques teóricos, basado en la integración de sus aparatos conceptuales y en la suma de sus buenas razones».
Fragmentation-related patterns of genetic differentiation in pedunculate oak (Quercus robur) at two hierarchical scales
Authors: Pohjanmies Tähti , Elshibli Sakina , Pulkkinen Pertti , Rusanen Mari , Vakkari Pekka , Korpelainen Helena , Roslin Tomas
Published: January 2016

Populations at speciesâ range margins are expected to show lower genetic diversity than populations at the core of the range. Yet, long-lived, widespread tree species are expected to be resistant to genetic impoverishment, thus showing comparatively high genetic diversity within populations and low differentiation among populations. Here, we study the distribution of genetic variation in the pedunculate oak ( L.) at its range margin in Finland at two hierarchical scales using 15 microsatellite loci. At a regional scale, we compared variation within versus among three oak populations. At a landscape scale, we examined genetic structuring within one of these populations, growing on an island of ca 5 km. As expected, we found the majority of genetic variation in to occur within populations. Nonetheless, differentiation among populations was markedly high (Fâ=â0.12) compared with values reported for populations of closer to the core of its range. At the landscape level, some spatial and temporal sub-structuring was observed, likely explained by the history of land-use on the island. Overall, fulfils the expectation of the central-marginal hypothesis of high differentiation among marginal populations, but the notable population differentiation has most likely been influenced also by the long, ongoing fragmentation of populations. Finnish oak populations may still be adjusting to the drastic habitat changes of the past centuries. Preservation of genetic variation within the remaining stands is thus an important factor in the conservation of at its range margin.Quercus robur2Q. roburSTQ. roburQ. roburQ. robur
Planning and Architecture in Greece in the Neoliberal Era
Authors: Karatzas Georgios , Belavilas Nikos
Published: January 2016

The first decade of the 2000s was an extremely interesting period for Athens which repeatedly captured the world’s attention for several reasons. The capital of Greece welcomed the mixed blessing of the Summer Olympic Games of 2004, was faced with major riots during December 2008 and became the focal point of the country’s financial crisis; this latter event, igniting extensive protests and demonstrations culminating in the “indignants” movement in the summer of 2011. Today, Athens is experiencing a severe deadlock; neglect and deterioration of the city centre; the establishment of immigrant ghettos; the severing of social fabric; the decomposition of the middle class; the perceived breach of security; and increasing homelessness.

Over the past decade the tradition established with the fall of the military dictatorship in 1974, of considering the city and its infrastructure as a ‘public asset’, has been overturned. This was most notable during the preparations for the Summer Olympics between 2000 and 2004 during which a new emergency statutory framework for urban planning was introduced in the name of speed and efficiency. For the first time, public works, state property and enterprises of public interest were privatised. However, the end of the Games did not initiate a return to the former public status quo. On the contrary, the financial crisis that occurred a few years later promoted the 2004 ‘emergency’ model to the position of permanent planning policy. More recently in 2010 and 2011, a series of new laws have been added to this which essentially abolish the state’s position of primacy in urban planning decisions, eliminate public consultation at local government level, and reduce environmental and archaeological controls. In short, the private sector has been allowed to establish land-uses that have transgressed previous town planning and environmental norms. At the same time, these laws transfer state land assets to the newly founded Asset Development Fund so as to contribute towards the reduction of the country’s international debt. The consequences of this deregulation have been profound.
Gender, Public Space and Resistance
Authors: Baydar Gülsüm
Published: January 2016

On May 27, 2013 at 11:30 pm bulldozers drove into Gezi, a central park in Taksim, Istanbul, to uproot five trees in preparation for future construction. Plans for the redevelopment had been announced two years before by the Prime Minister, Recep Tayyip Erdoğan, and in response, two local activist groups had been formed: ‘Taksim Solidarity’ and the ‘Society for the Preservation and Beautification of Gezi Park’. Founded to to publicise the historical status of the park and protect what remains a symbolically important site - and one of the few recreation areas in the central area of Istanbul - members of these groups were amongst the first to protest as the bulldozers rolled in. Within hours, a group of twenty to thirty activists had begun a sit-in.

In the coming days, as the number of demonstrators increased to hundreds, the ‘resistance’ spread to other neighbourhoods in Istanbul. It also manifest itself in other cities across the country. The small scale sit-in that commenced in the night of May 27th had become a catalyst for a nationwide movement with global repercussions. It subsequently became known, interchangeably, as the Gezi movement, the Gezi resistance and Gezi events. The space of the protests was no longer bounded by Gezi Park itself, and the movement was no longer limited to a specific and local planning agenda.

Taking criticism of the renovation plans for Taksim as their starting point, the protesters also raised their voices against what they considered the authoritarian policies of the the conservative government and, more specifically, the social pronouncements of the Prime Minister. The governmental response was violent police intervention. Within a month, five protesters and one policeman had died, hundreds of others were injured, and many protestors were arrested across the country. In the midst of what the government defined as anarchy and subversive acts, multiple social and cultural assumptions were overturned and, in Deleuze and Guattari’s terms, events and behaviours were deterritiorialized. Transient actions in established spaces smoothed the striated spaces of government planning and, equally significantly, a radical and momentary reconceptualisation of gendered roles and spaces was established.
Zwischen Verklärung und Verführung
Authors: Martin Barbara
Published: January 2016

Ende des 19. Jahrhunderts avancierten Plakate von Frankreich ausgehend von bloßer Werbung zu einer veritablen Kunstform. Als Blickfang dienten vor allem Frauenfiguren - von der verklärten Idealgestalt bis hin zur verführerischen Lebedame. Anhand der zentralen Werbestereotype der damaligen Zeit erläutert Barbara Martin, welche Vorstellungen von Weiblichkeit den Darstellungen zugrunde liegen und wie Plakate das Rollenbild der Frau in der Gesellschaft spiegelten und zugleich veränderten. Untersucht werden Werke von Jules Chéret bis Théophile-Alexandre Steinlen, von Alfons Mucha bis Henri de Toulouse-Lautrec.
The effect of the level of indebtedness on the earnings information content stemming from the mandatory IFRS adoption
Authors: Turki Hela , Wali Senda , Boujelbene Younes
Published: January 2016

This paper examines the impact of IFRS / IAS (International Financial Reporting Standards / International Accounting Standards) mandatory adoption on the earning's information content apprehended by the level of information asymmetry and whether this impact differs from one company to another with regard to its level of indebtedness. The information asymmetry is measured by the properties of financial analysts’ forecasts (error and dispersion).This study is conducted over 11 years from 2002 to 2012 by taking as a sample all the companies that belong to the CAC all tradable indexes. The results show a significant effect of these international's standards on financial analysts' forecasts, which stress informational content improvement. In addition, high level of indebtedness associated with IFRS adoption reduces forecast dispersion. By contrast, low level of indebtedness associated with IFRS adoption reduces forecast error.
Transformation and continuity in pesna practise: The case of Breznitsa’s Pomak community
Pesna pratiğinde dönüşüm ve süreklilik: Breznitsa Pomak topluluğu örnek olayı
Authors: Akbaba Bozok Bilgihan , Yükselsin İbrahim Yavuz
Published: January 2016

‘Sociocultural system’, one of the conceptual keywords which for understand the social and cultural structure in anthropology and sociology, contains three main components (material, social, expressive) if one changing occurs in its any components provokes to change in others. Music, as an expressive element of the sociocultural system, gets its share from any changing occurred in the system, even it contributes the changing. Because music is not only an expressive element, but also tightly associated with the ‘material’ and ‘social’ components of the sociocultural system. Therefore, traces of musical factors that change the system during modernization process, occure in the musical practices described with the concepts as ‘traditional’, ‘folkloric’, ‘authentic’ etc. Culture and people or communities who produce it, in order to remain their existence with the changing process, set up their strategies, reformatting older means for cultural expression besides produce new ones. This reformatting is result with ‘cultural transformation’. At the end of the modernity process starting with the technological evolution and changing in sociocultural values, on the one hand the simple structures of the traditional societies are transformed into the complex structures of the modern societies; on the other hand these simple structures are redefine combining with modern ones and acquire a new continuity in the modernity.

 

Özet

Antropoloji ve sosyolojide toplumsal yapıyı anlamak için kullanılan anahtar kavramlardan biri olan ‘Sosyo-kültürel dizge’, herhangi bir değişimin diğerlerinde de değişime neden olduğu üç ana bileşenden (maddi, toplumsal, ifadesel) oluşur. Sosyokültürel dizgenin ifadesel bir öğesi olarak müzik de sözkonusu dizgede ortaya çıkan herhangi bir değişimden payını alır, hatta kimi zaman değişime katkıda bulunur. Çünkü müzik yalnızca bir ‘ifade’ olmayıp, sosyokültürel dizgenin ‘maddi’ ve ‘toplumsal’ bileşenleri ile de sıkı sıkıya ilişkilidir. Bu nedenle, modernleşme sürecinde dizgeyi değiştiren müziksel etkenlerin izleri ‘geleneksel’, ‘folklorik’, ‘otantik’ vb. kavramlarla tanımlanan müzik pratiklerinde de ortaya çıkar. Kültür ve onu üreten insan veya insan toplulukları ise değişim süreci ile birlikte varlıklarını sürdürebilmek için stratejilerini yeni kültürel ifade araçları üretmenin yanısıra eski olanı yeniden biçimlendirmek üzerine de kurarlar. Bu yeniden biçimlendirme ise çoğu zaman ‘kültürel dönüşüm’ ile sonuçlanır. Teknolojik ilerleme ve sosyokültürel değerlerdeki değişimlerle başlayan modernleşme süreci sonucunda, bir taraftan geleneksel toplumların basit yapıları modern toplumların karmaşık yapılarına dönüşürken öte yandan moderniteye ilişkin olanlarla yeniden tanımlandığı ve modernite içinde yeni bir süreklilik kazandığı görülür.
Foucault’s analysis of subjectivity and the question of philosophizing with words or things
Authors: Öner Senem
Published: January 2016

This article examines how Foucault analyzes subjectivity within the frame of his approach concerning power and discourse, and the concepts of archaeology and problematization as all discursive and non-discursive practices that constitute the subject and subjective experience. The article investigates the philosophical and political implications occurring as a result of Foucault’s rejection of the idea of natural, ahistorical, founding and constituting subject at the outset and his emphasis on the history of the constitution of subjectivity, i. e. the very historicity and historical singularity of subjective experience. Pursuing an answer to the question whether Foucault philosophizes with words or things, the present study claims that Foucault does not philosophize either by words or things in Durkheimian sense but does so by analyzing discourse as practices forming the object of which they speak systematically.
The model of understanding education and lifelong learning in Turkish modernization of Ahmet Midhat
Authors: Enser Ramazan
Published: January 2016

The literary works of Ahmet Midhat Efendi like novels, stories, drama, travel writings in addition to subjects over education, pedagogy, sociology, philosophy and other fields have taken a vital place in Turkish literature. While the first Turkish modernizers gave priority to take the country out of the hard situation by reforming military and political areas, Ahmet Midhat argued that the social change and transformation can be achieved by educating individuals. Ahmet Midhat who tried to improve his educational background by spending personal efforts, always attempted to make education a constant activity for himself and people around him even during the times he was outside Istanbul for journalism, writing, familial issues and other reasons.

The purpose of this paper is to show what kind of social benefit based theoretical methods were employed to concretize Ahmet Midhat’s educational view in his novels and stories by associating it with lifelong learning.

In this study, the aim is to show by which theoretical methods lifelong learning is concretized in Ahmet Midhat’s novels and stories that are based on social benefit, and to demonstrate its relationship with educational conception.

In the study, Ahmet Midhat’s novels which are especially handling directly family and education subjects like “Çingene”, “Felatun Bey ile Rakım Efendi”, “Diplomalı Kız” are taken as basis. To achieve this aim, a survey research has been made while scanning the works mentioned above. Moreover, the relationship between the given data and lifelong education has been tried to be put forward.

At the end of the paper, Ahmet Midhat Efendi’s novels have been examined and it’s been evident that his lifelong learning approach is enough for educational process. Ahmet Midhat who aimed to build his own audience and to educate them has achieved two things in his novels: Firstly, the idealized characters told in Midhat’s novels and stories, who tried improving degree of their knowledge and enriching their lives, reached the success in different fields were given in theoretical level.   This technique which is used by the author in his novels has an aesthetic basis as a social aspect of literature. Secondly, the author gives encyclopedic information to the audience by going out of the fictional text. Furthermore, since the author is using traditional storytelling as a way to establish a dialogue with the audience, it’s obvious that he views the reader as the subject of the lifelong learning. His style which is criticized to be a dry didacticism is mostly originates from his perception of authorship, which is regarded as a school.
Hidrodinâmica de um gaseificador de leito fluidizado borbulhante: validação da simulação
Authors: Sant'Anna Mikele Cândida Sousa , Cruz Wenna Raissa Dos Santos , Sarmento Sandra Maria , Silva Gabriel Francisco , Medronho Ricardo Andrade , Lucena Sergio
Published: January 2016

Leitos fluidizados podem ser utilizados em inúmeros processos industriais, dentro dos quais, destaca-se a gaseificação de biomassa. Estes equipamentos promovem um maior contato sólido-gás. Compreender a hidrodinâmica nestes sistemas é importante para otimizar o processo de gaseificação. Neste trabalho, foram empregados resultados experimentais da literatura na validação do modelo computacional utilizado na simulação do leito fluidizado, usando uma geometria 2D. Após a validação, foi possível aplicar as mesmas condições para o equipamento real (mantendo-se a simplificação 2D). Como resultados, foram obtidos valores para queda de pressão e expansão do leito, bem como os perfis longitudinais de fração volumétrica e pressão. Os erros relativos entre as simulações realizadas e os dados experimentais foram inferiores a 5,0 % durante a fluidização borbulhante. Na comparação entre duas geometrias distintas, os erros relativos máximos para os parâmetros fluidodinâmicos: queda de pressão, altura final do leito e razão entre as alturas final e inicial do leito mantiveram-se abaixo de 12,0 %. Portanto, o modelo computacional empregado serve de base para analisar a fluidização borbulhante, o que possibilita outras modificações nas condições de operação do leito.
Rare Cause of Cephalalgia in a Young Woman - a Case Report
Authors: Andreea Varga , Timea Szakacs Xantus , Mirela Gliga , Cristian Gheorghe Calin Podoleanu , Andreea Elena Bocicor , Emilian Carasca , Ioan Tilea
Published: January 2016

Background: Young adults meeting hypertension diagnostic criteria have a lower prevalence of a hypertension diagnosis. Headache is a rather common symptom among young people. Fibromuscular dysplasia (FMD) is an idiopathic, segmental, nonatherosclerotic and noninflammatory disease of the muscular tunica of arterial walls, leading to stenosis of small and medium-sized arteries. Fibromuscular dysplasia is much more common than previously thought and is a treatable cause of secondary hypertension.

Case presentation: We present the case of an 18 y.o. young woman, with headache and high blood pressure. “White coat hypertension” was suspected. Clinical history with abrupt onset and increasingly difficult to treat hypertension especially in women, were suggestive for renal artery stenosis. Renal ultrasound and digital subtraction angiography confirmed the aspect of FMD. Sequential percutaneous renal artery angioplasty was later performed with improved evolution both from the clinical point of view and controlled blood pressure below 140/90 mmHg with minimal antihypertensive regimen. Angio CT exam of neck and brain arteries was performed, no other FMD typical lesions were identified.

Conclusions: Medical treatment is first indicated for the hypertensive patient. In this particular case percutaneous renal artery angioplasty showed significant improvement in reduction of antihypertensive treatment in a young patient with secondary hypertension. Further monitoring and management of this patient will include blood pressure measurements at 3-month intervals and renal function measurements annual, as well as non-invasive duplex ultrasonography at 12-month intervals, follow-up is indefinite. It remains challenging whether the patient can be medically managed on antihypertensive medication alone.