bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Reproducible modelling and simulating security vulnerability scanners evaluation framework towards risk management assessment of small and medium enterprises business networks
Authors:   University of Portsmouth, UK, School of Energy & Electronic Engineering, Anglesea Building, Anglesea Road, Portsmouth (UK), PO1 3DJ, Chalvatzis Ilias
Published: November 2020

Objectives: Risk Management has been recognized as a critical issue in computer infrastructures, especially in medium to large scale organizations and enterprises. The goal of this research report is to provide a practical comprehensive virtual machine based framework for assessing the performance of vulnerability scanners applied to such enterprises, focused to small and medium size ones towards a risk evaluation analysis. Moreover, the purpose of this paper is to compare three of the most well-known free vulnerability scanners (Nessus, OpenVAS, Nmap Scripting Engine) with regards to how they can be used to systematise the process of Risk Assessment in an enterprise, based on the herein presented experimental evaluation framework involving virtual machine testing. Method: The proposed methodology is based on developing a framework for suitable setup and usage of virtual machines making risk analysis practical and being capable of comparing different vulnerability scanners. Findings: The herein developed framework is shown to be efficient with regards to comparison and selection of candidate risk analysis software with easily accessed and affordable infrastructure. Novelty: Although there might be few other similar comparisons of vulnerability scanners in the literature, the main herein contribution is the provision of a practical and above all easily reproducible framework for small business enterprises to establish proper selection procedures of such security software without spending a lot of money for expensive testing infrastructure. Keywords: Vulnerability Scanning; risk assessment; nessus; OpenVAS; Nmap scripting engine
Factors associated with survival in patients undergoing invasive mechanical ventilation in an intensive care unit in Colombia v1
Authors: Machado Alba Jorge , Fernando Valladales-Restrepo luis , Felipe Usma-Valencia Andrés , Sánchez-Ramírez Nicolás , Enrique Machado-Duque Manuel , Gaviria-Mendoza Andrés
Published: November 2020

Factors associated with survival in patients undergoing invasive mechanical ventilation in an intensive care unit in Colombia Objective: To determine the clinical characteristics and outcomes of critically ill patients who required invasive mechanical ventilation in an intensive care unit of a high-complexity hospital in Colombia. Methods: This was a retrospective follow-up study of a cohort of adult patients who required invasive mechanical ventilation in an intensive care unit. Sociodemographic, clinical, and pharmacological variables were identified. Using Cox regression, variables associated with survival and complications were identified. Results: A total of 357 patients were analyzed. They had an average age of 64.8±18.9 years, and 52.9% were male. The most frequent diagnoses were sepsis/septic shock (38.4%) and trauma (17.4%). The main factors associated with shorter survival were advanced age (HR:0.97, 95%CI:0.96–0.99), a diagnosis of septic shock (HR:0.29; 95%CI:0.18–0.48) or diabetes mellitus at admission (HR:0.57; 95%CI:0.33–0.98), suffering from a healthcare-associated infection (HR: HR:0.51; 95%CI:0.33–0.80), and the need for vasopressors (HR:0.36; 95%CI:0.22–0.59). The administration of systemic corticosteroids was associated with a higher probability of survival (HR:1.93; 95%CI:1.15–3.25). Conclusions: The use of systemic corticosteroids was associated with a greater probability of survival in critically ill patients who required invasive mechanical ventilation in an intensive care unit. The identification of the variables associated with a higher risk of dying should allow care protocols to be improved, thereby extending the life expectancy of these patients.
Editorial: Children’s Voices on Privacy Management and Data Responsibilization
Authors: De Wolf Ralf , Vanden Abeele Mariek M. P.
Published: November 2020

Contemporary children live in datafied societies in which they navigate and use technological innovations that drive on their personal information. Instructing privacy literacy is often presented as a key solution to help children manage their personal data responsibly. While there is agreement on the empowering potential of privacy literacy for children, there are also concerns over the burden that this responsibility places on them and their capacity for resilience. Children are key stakeholders in this debate. Nonetheless, we rarely hear their voices on issues related to their online privacy and data responsibilization. The articles included in this thematic issue account for this limitation by amplifying the voices of children, looking into the practices of parents and exploring the role of the tools being used.
Interrelation and Interdependence of Attitudes of Choice of Life Path and Propensity to Deviant Behavior in Military Personnel
Authors: Levina M.V. , Krieger E.E.
Published: November 2020

Full-fledged development and optimal adaptation of a person in society is an urgent task of society. While reducing the risks of deviant behavior affects the psychological health and well-being of the subject. Their prevention is largely due to the peculiarities of choosing a life path. The novelty of this article is that it is devoted to the problem of choosing a life path for young men who are on active military service and have a tendency to deviant behavior. The study involved military conscripts from 18 to 23 years of age in the number of 50 young men. Test and projective techniques were used. The study established the relationship between the types of attitudes associated with the choice of young people's life path and their propensity to various forms of deviant behavior. The results show that young men who have hedonistic attitudes to choosing a life path do not tend to develop deviant behavior, while young men who are serving in the army, who have value and creative attitudes, tend to deviate. In addition, military personnel who have creative attitudes to choosing their life path show signs of addictive behavior and aggression when serving in the army. And the creative attitude of choosing a life path causes the emergence of addictions.
Paramedic’s involvement in treatment and diagnosis of opisthorchiasis in conditions of paramedical and obstetric center
Authors: Gorshkov Artem Yu. , Filatova L. P.
Published: November 2020

Objective.Since the territory of Surgut and Surgut region is an opisthorchiasis hyperendemic zone and economically attractive for migrants, it is important to focus on the questions connected with early diagnosis and effective preventive activities aimed at increase of paramedics awareness of helminthiasis, especially those working at Paramedical and Obstetric Center.

Enhancement of diagnostic and preventive measures, refresher courses for paramedical personnel will optimize paramedics activity and reduce the risk for biohelminthosis infestation among the population living in hyperendemic zone. Enhancement of pandemics activity in case of population infestation with Opisthorchis felineus.

Materials and methods. One thousand patients, diagnosed opisthorchiasis were examined: 518 able-bodied women (52 %) and 482 men (48 %) aged 1869. All the patients had a severe form of opisthorchiais. Reliability of results was proved using Fisher and Pearsons correlation criteria.

Results. An assumption has been made regarding the existence of similarity between B antigens (III) blood group and opisthorchid antigens. Patients with B (III) and O (I) blood groups are the least resistant to parasitosis in comparison with the persons of other blood groups. The research allowed to distinguish two groups: more vulnerable B (III) and O (I) blood groups and less vulnerable А (II) и АВ (IV) blood groups, the owners of which are infected with helminthiasis more often and rarely, respectively.

Conclusions. Epidemic situation regarding opisthorchiasis in Surgut and Surgut region has been unfavorable for the recent several years. It is proved by high infestation of the population during the analyzed period of 20172019, i.e. 142.5 and 147.7 per 100 000 population, respectively. Correlation between blood groups, age and gender characteristics was determined. Analysis of paramedics activity at Paramedical and Obstetric Center showed that blood groups need to be taken into account in diagnosis of opisthorchiasis. The test for estimating risk of opisthorchiasis infestation was prepared.
Studying of analgesic and anti-inflammatory activity of 2,4-dioxobutanoic acid hydrazine derivatives
Authors: Pulina Natalia A. , Kuznecov Aleksander S. , Chashchina Svetlana V.
Published: November 2020

Objective. To study the analgesic and anti-inflammatory activity of water-soluble hydrazine derivatives of 2,4-dioxobutanoic acids, as well as to determine the relationship between the structure of substances and their biological effects.

Materials and methods. The laboratory synthesis methods were applied to obtain 2-hydrazine derivatives of 2,4-dioxobutanoic acids. The compounds were tested for biological activity using a hot plate test in mice and an acute inflammatory reaction caused by carrageenan-induced paw edema in rats.

Results. The analgesic activity of four compounds is comparable to that of nimesulide. One of the substances obtained is found to exhibit higher anti-inflammatory activity than nimesulide during the 1st and 3rd hours of the experiment. Two compounds with a combination of high analgesic and anti-inflammatory activity were identified. The effect of certain radicals in the structure of the substances on the activities studied was discovered.

Conclusions. The revealed relationship between the structure of original compounds and their biological activities can be used in the further synthesis and search for new domestic pharmaceutical substances with investigated effects.
Role of vasculoendothelial growth factor and its gene in pathogenesis of hepatobiliary pathology
Authors: Schekotova A. P. , Bulatova I. A.
Published: November 2020

Objective. To assess the pathogenetic value of vasculoendothelial growth factor (VEGF) and polymorphism of its gene in hepatobiliary pathology.

Materials and methods. The study included 190 patients with hepatobiliary pathology (HBP): 100 patients with chronic hepatitis C (CHC) in the reactivation phase, 50 with HC in the outcome of CHC, 30 with cholelithiasis, 10 with focal liver lesions (including 8 with primary and secondary liver tumors).

Results. In case of hepatobiliary pathology, VEGF, as indicator neoangiogenesis and endothelial dysfunction (ED), is a marker of the severity of liver lesion: its production is increased in some patients with cholelithiasis, moderately elevated in all patients with CH and significantly elevated against the background of HC and liver pathology of the tumor genesis. In chronic diffuse diseases of the liver, there are detected multiple reliable relationships between VEGF and a number of ED indices, hepatic clinical and biochemical syndromes, liver fibrosis markers, viral load level that proves the obligate involvement of VEGF in the development and progression of liver pathology. VEGF can be used as a test for differential diagnosis of fibrosis in CH and HC with the sensibility of 90 % and specificity of 78 %. Carriage of the allele C in the locus of the VEGF gene (G-634C) in the form of homozygote CC can show the risk of more severe lesion of the liver in CHC and is interconnected with increased production of VEGF.

Conclusions. Vasculoendothelial growth factor and polymorphism of its gene is involved in the pathogenesis of hepatobiliary pathology, activating neoangiogenesis and fibrosis in the liver.
Usage of Benchmarking as Organizational Development Technique in Educational Organizations
Authors: AYDUĞ Damla , HİMMETOĞLU Beyza , AGAOGLU Esmahan
Published: November 2020

In this study, benchmarking technique, which is one of the organizational development techniques, and its use in education were reviewed. Firstly, history of benchmarking, benchmarking types, stages of the benchmarking process, advantages and disadvantages of benchmarking technique have been examined. Then, it was investigated on which subjects benchmarking technique can be used in educational organizations. As a result of literature review, it has been determined that benchmarking technique can be used in many different areas such as evaluating the organization, determining the vision, improving administrative processes, developing teaching methods, improving financial management, and using technology more effectively and efficiently in educational organizations. Therefore, it has been concluded that benchmarking is a very useful tool that can provide both practical and theoretical benefits to educational organizations.
El inventario de bienes (1531) de Guillemyn Baqua. Un apunte sobre la actividad de los escultores franceses entre la Ribera de Navarra y Aragón en el Primer Renacimiento
Authors: Criado Mainar Jesús
Published: November 2020

El estudio de un inventario post mortem inédito de los bienes del entallador francés Guillemin Leveque ha permitido efectuar una aproximación a la modesta realidad socioeconómica y laboral de los profesionales de la escultura de segundo rango en el contexto del Primer Renacimiento. Los datos que aporta el documento, unidos a otros ya conocidos sobre su actividad, evidencian los estrechos vínculos personales y laborales que mantuvo con la comunidad de escultores franceses establecida en el valle medio del Ebro, en particular con Esteban de Obray y Gabriel Joly.
Trazos, referencias geométricas y recursos gráficos ocultos en monumentos funerarios: el mausoleo del cardenal Juan de Cervantes en contexto
Authors: Laguna Paúl Teresa
Published: November 2020

RESUMEN: La investigación estudia los recursos gráficos ocultos del sepulcro del cardenal Juan de Cervantes realizado por Lorenzo Mercader (Lorenzo Mercadante de Bretaña).  Las tramas geométricas dibujadas por este artista en el túmulo funerario guiaron la realización de sus trabajos escultóricos, desde el diseño de la microarquitectura acordada, al del corte y la talla de todas las piezas de alabastro en el taller. Las referencias gráficas incisas en la microarquitectura presentan características equiparables a los dibujos de ejecución o monteas de la cantería y arquitectura gótica.PALABRAS CLAVE: Trazos geométricos, recursos gráficos, escultura funeraria, microarquitectura gótica, Mercadante de Bretaña, sepulcro cardenal Cervantes, catedral Sevilla.
Niccolò da Corte, escultor de portadas y fuentes en Génova y Granada
Authors: Martínez Jiménez Nuria
Published: November 2020

El artículo reflexiona entorno a la figura de Niccolò da Corte, un prolífico escultor lombardo que contribuyó a la difusión de las técnicas y modelos iconográficos de los discípulos de Rafael en algunas de las empresas artísticas más prolíficas del Cinquecento en Italia y España.
http://jebas.org/uploads/409_pdf.pdf
Authors:   Division of Livestock Products Technology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly-243 122, Uttar Pradesh, India, Rahman CK Faslu , Sharun Khan ,   Division of Surgery, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly-243 122, Uttar Pradesh, India, Jose Bosco ,   Division of Physiology & Climatology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly-243 122, Uttar Pradesh, India, Dhama Kuldeep ,   Division of Pathology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, India.
Published: November 2020

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has created an opportunity to rethink and rectify the existing loopholes in the global food production system. The continuing ‘illegal’ attacks of human being over the environment for decades has taken a turn back in the form of a novel pandemic virus. This is not the first time we are facing a setback due to our invalid and primitive food habits that has been followed by certain sections of the society in different parts of the globe. Considering the current scenario, it is necessary to update our food habits and food culture as it is the need of the time. Although several studies have proven the persistence of viral particles on the surface materials that are routinely used in the food production systems. Further studies are required to explore the possibilities of SARS-CoV-2 transmission via food and food packaging materials. Although the pandemic has created a bit of awareness among the people, further campaigning is required to achieve an effective food safety system. The strict implementation of FSMS (food safety management systems) such as GMP (Good Manufacturing Practices), HACCP (Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Points) is advised for improving the food supply chain. Besides these, proper cleaning and sanitization, GHP (Good Hygienic Practices), and efficient packaging systems are also necessary to generate wholesome food from farm to fork.
Effects of Kaolin Treatment on Table Grape Characteristics of cv. Trakya Ilkeren (V. vinifera L.)
Authors: CANTÜRK Sevil , KUNTER Birhan
Published: November 2020

In this study, the effects of foliar kaolin particle film treatment (PF) on some table grape quality characteristics of cv. Trakya Ilkeren grown in Ankara conditions were investigated. The application of kaolin particle film (3%) was started just after fruit set. Treatments were repeated weekly for three weeks. Yield per vine was found to be 3.60 kg in Control (C) and 3.93 kg in PF treatment. No significant effect of PF treatment on grape yield was determined. TSS and maturity index were affected positively by PF treatment. TSS was determined as 19.45oBx and 20.68oBx in C and PF treatment respectively. The maturity index (%) increased from 30.30 (C) to 35.28 (PF) due to the increase in TSS. No differences in pH and titratable acidity were observed between PF and C. While cluster weight increased from 314.48 g (C) to 357.47 g (PF), cluster length increased from 17.14 cm (C) to 19.02 cm (PF). No significant change in cluster width, berry weight, width, length and berry firmness were determined. More intense skin color was obtained from PF treatment according to CIRG index. Considering the findings, it was concluded that PF treatment led to the development in quality attributes of cv. Trakya Ilkeren grown under high solar radiation and temperature stress.
Pathogenesis of bullous erythema nodosum leprosum: a case report
Authors: Kaur Navdeep
Published: November 2020

A 54 years old male, presented with acute onset of fever, malaise and body ache and multiple painful reddish swellings and fluid filled lesions in different parts of body. He gave history suggestive of several earlier episodes of type 2 lepra reactions with erythema nodosum leprosum lesions which were managed with corticosteroids. Dermatological examination revealed multiple erythematous tender nodules and plaques on face, extremities and trunk. He also had multiple bullous lesions on trunk. Investigations revealed polymorphonuclear leukocytosis and raised ESR. Biochemical investigations were normal. Slit skin smear examination showed fragmented acid fast bacilli with bacteriological index of 5+.
Percutaneous nephrolithotomy for large renal stones in anomalous kidneys
Authors: Qadri Syed Javid F. , Ahmed Mufti Mahmood , Khanday Zafar Saleem , Leharwaal Asim
Published: November 2020

Background: Percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL) is an important surgical method for managing renal stones of any size. Anomalous kidneys pose additional technical challenge to the operating surgeon to perform PCNL in these anatomically abnormal kidneys especially if the stone load is large. The aim of this study is to present the efficacy and limitations of PCNL in managing stones >2 cm in size in anomalous kidneys.Methods: This was a retrospective single centre study of PCNL in anomalous kidneys with stones >2 cm in size.Results: 30 patients of kidney stones >2 cm underwent PCNL. Our series of patients included 19 (63.32%) cases of horseshoe kidneys, 9 (30%) malrotated kidneys, 1 (3.34%) pelvic and 1 (3.34%) crossed fused ectopia. We achieved complete stone clearance in 26 (86.67%) patients. Presence of staghorn calculus was the most important statistically significant factor limiting complete clearance.Conclusion: PCNL is an effective procedure for management of patients with large stones in anomalous kidneys. Appropriate preoperative evaluation especially imaging, appropriate selection of cases and most importantly excellent technical expertise is needed to achieve high stone clearance rates with minimal morbidity.
Application of a dermatopharmacokinetic (DPK) method for bioequivalence assessment of topical metronidazole creams
Authors: Rath Seeprarani , Ramanah Ashmita , Bon Charles , Kanfer Isadore
Published: November 2020

Purpose: The main aim of the current research was to develop and apply a dermatopharmacokinetic (DPK) approach for the bioequivalence assessment of metronidazole (MTZ) topical cream products, indicated in the treatment of rosacea. Methods: A DPK methodology using tape stripping (TS) technique was developed by investigating the factors that may influence the TS results viz. tapes, dose durations, number of tapes to be used, pressure application, dose applied and gravimetric analysis of the tapes. An initial dose duration study was performed on 6 healthy participants to determine an appropriate application time duration using the Emax model. The SC thickness was normalised between participants using TEWL measurements. A pivotal study was conducted using both the arms of 10 healthy human participants to demonstrate the ability of the TS method for bioequivalence assessment by comparing the reference product to itself as a positive control and including products with higher and lower strengths of MTZ to serve as negative controls in order to confirm bioinequivalence. Results: Whereas the reference was found to be bioequivalent when compared to itself, the creams containing 0.56% and 0.95% MTZ (negative controls) were not bioequivalent (bioinequivalent). Furthermore, another product containing 0.75% MTZ was also assessed and was found to be bioequivalent to the reference product. In addition, the use of both forearms of each participant offered an important advantage of significantly reducing the number of human subjects required to demonstrate BE with a high statistical power of > 80%. Conclusion: The data obtained provides compelling evidence that the developed TS method has the potential to be a cost-effective surrogate alternative for lengthy and expensive clinical trials. Consequently, its application can facilitate faster development of generic products which would, in turn, lower the economic burden of healthcare.
Role of Phosphorylation and Hyperphosphorylation of Tau in Its Interaction with βα Dimeric Tubulin Studied from a Bioinformatics Perspective
Authors: Dixit Hrushikesh , Kumar C Selvaa , Chaudhary Ruchi , Thaker Divya , Gadewal Nikhil , Dasgupta Debjani
Published: November 2020

Background: Tau is a disordered Microtubule Associated Protein (MAP) which prefers to bind and stabilize microtubules. Phosphorylation of tau in particular enhances tau-tubulin interaction which otherwise detaches from tubulin during hyperphosphorylation. The reason behind their destabilization, detachment and the role of β subunit (from microtubule) and the projection domain (Tau) in microtubule stability remains elusive till date. Thus, a complete 3D structural investigation of tau protein is much needed to address these queries as the existing crystal structures are in fragments and quite limited.
Methods: In this study, the modelled human tau protein was subjected to phosphorylation and hyperphosphorylation which were later considered for docking with microtubules (βα subunits-inter dimer) and vinblastine.
Results: Phosphorylated tau protein interacts with both α- and β subunits. But stronger bonding was with α- compared to β subunits. Regarding β subunit, proline rich loop and projection domain actively participated in tau binding. Interestingly, hyperphosphorylation of tau increases MAP domain flexibility which ultimately results in tau detachment, the main reason behind tangle formation in Alzheimer’s disease.
Conclusion: This study being the first of its kind emphasizes the role of projection domain and proline rich region of β-subunit in stabilizing the tau-tubulin interaction and also the effect of hyperphosphorylation in protein-protein and protein-drug binding.
Integrated Network and Gene Ontology Analysis Identifies Key Genes and Pathways for Coronary Artery Diseases
Authors: Prakash Tejaswini , B Ramachandra Nallur
Published: November 2020

Background: The prevalence of Coronary Artery Disease (CAD) in developing countries is on the rise, owing to rapidly changing lifestyle. Therefore, it is imperative that the underlying genetic and molecular mechanisms be understood to develop specific treatment strategies. Comprehensive disease network and Gene Ontology (GO) studies aid in prioritizing potential candidate genes for CAD and also give insights into gene function by establishing gene and disease pathway relationships.
Methods: In the present study, CAD-associated genes were collated from different data sources and protein-protein interaction network was constructed using STRING. Highly interconnected network clusters were inferred and GO analysis was performed.
Results: Interrelation between genes and pathways were analyzed on ClueGO and 38 candidates were identified from 1475 CAD-associated genes, which were significantly enriched in CAD-related pathways such as metabolism and regulation of lipid molecules, platelet activation, macrophage derived foam cell differentiation, and blood coagulation and fibrin clot formation.
Discussion: Integrated network and ontology analysis enables biomarker prioritization for common complex diseases such as CAD. Experimental validation and future studies on the prioritized genes may reveal valuable insights into CAD development mechanism and targeted treatment strategies.
First Report of Target Site Insensitivity in Pyrethroid Resistant Anopheles gambiae from Southern Guinea Savanna, Northern-Nigeria
Authors: Ahmed-Yusuf Mustapha , Vatandoost Hassan , Oshaghi Mohammad Ali , Hanafi-Bojd Ahmad Ali , Enayati Ahmad Ali , Ibrahim Jalo Rabiu
Published: November 2020

Background: Malaria is a major public health problem and life threatening parasitic vector-borne disease. For the first time, we established and report the molecular mechanism responsible for Anopheles gambiae s.l. resistance to pyrethroids and DDT from Yamaltu Deba, Southern Guinea Savanna, Northern-Nigeria.
Methods: The susceptibility profile of An. gambiae s.l. to four insecticides (DDT 4%, bendiocarb 0.1%, malathion 5% and deltamethrin 0.05%) using 2–3 days old females from larvae collected from study area between August and November, 2018 was first established. Genomic DNA was then extracted from 318 mosquitoes using Livak DNA extraction protocol for specie identification and kdr genotyping. The mosquitoes were identified to species level and then 96 genotyped for L1014F and L1014S kdr target site mutations.
Results: The mosquitoes were all resistant to DDT, bendiocarb and deltamethrin but fully susceptible to malathion. An. coluzzii was found to be the dominant sibling species (97.8%) followed by An. arabiensis (1.9%) and An. gambiae s.s (0.3%). The frequency of the L1014F kdr mutation was relatively higher (83.3%) than the L1014S (39%) in the threespecies studied. The L1014F showed a genotypic frequency of 75% resistance (RR), 17% heterozygous (RS) and 8% susceptible (SS) with an allelic frequency of 87% RR and 13% SS while the L1014S showed a genotypic frequency of RR (16%), RS (38%) and SS (46%) with an allelic frequency of 40% RR and 60% SS, respectively.
Conclusion: This study reveals that both kdr mutations present simultaneously in Northern-Nigeria, however contribution of L1014F which is common in West Africa was more than twice of L1014S mutation found in East Africa.
Insecticide Susceptibility Status of Wild Population of Phlebotomus kandelakii and Phlebotomus perfiliewi transcaucasicus Collected from Visceral Leishmaniasis Endemic Foci in Northwestern Iran
Authors: Rassi Yavar , Moradi-Asl Eslam , Vatandoost Hassan , Abazari Malek , Saghafipour Abedin
Published: November 2020

Background: Phlebotomus kandelakii and Phlebotomus perfiliewi transcaucasicus sand flies are the vectors of vis­ceral leishmaniasis in Iran. The aim of this study was to evaluate the susceptibility of Ph. kandelakii and Ph. perfil­iewi trans­caucasicus, collected from an endemic focus of visceral leishmaniasis (VL) in the northwest of Iran, to different select­ed insecticides.
Methods: Sand flies were collected from the villages of Meshkinshahr and Germi Counties using light traps and aspira­tors from May to October 2019. The sand flies were identified as Ph. kandelakii and Ph. perfiliewi transcauca­sicus us­ing standard identification keys. Susceptibility test was carried out against DDT (4%), Malathion (5%), Propoxur (0.1%) and Lambda-cyhalothrin (0.05%) according to the WHO standard method. MedCalc statistical software was employed to calculate LT50 and LT90 and to compare the chances of sand flies surviving the exposure to the studied in­secticides.
Results: A total of 1,278 female specimens were used for the susceptibility tests. Out of which 1,063 samples were used for the test and 215 for the control group. The estimated LT50 values for DDT (4%), Malathion (5%), Propoxur (0.1%), and Lambda-cyhalothrin (0.05%) for Ph. kandelakii were 15.1, 13.4, 15.4 and 5.8 minutes respectively, and for Ph. per­filiewi transcaucasicus were 11.9, 15.6, 15.9 and 5.8 minutes  respectively.
Conclusion: This susceptibility studies revealed different LT50 values for different insecticides efficient against Ph. kandelakii and Ph. perfiliewi transcaucasicus. The regular monitoring for the resistance of Ph. kandelakii and Ph. per­filiewi transcaucasicus sand flies seems necessary in diseases control programs in this area.
Molecular Assay on Detection of Crimean Congo Hemorrhagic Fever (CCHF) Virus in Ixodid Ticks Collected from Livestock in Slaughterhouse from South of Iran
Authors: Salehi-Vaziri Mostafa , Vatandoos Hassan , Sanei-Dehkordi Alireza , Fazlalipour Mehdi , Pouriayevali Mohammad Hassan , Jalali Tahmineh , Mohammadi Tahereh , Tavakoli Mahsa , Paksa Azim , Salim Abadi Yaser
Published: November 2020

Background: Ticks are vectors of a wide variety of pathogens that can be transmitted to humans, and tick-borne diseas­es are a significant public health issue worldwide. The present study was carried out on the hard tick infestation of live­stock transported to Rafsanjan slaughter house in the southeast of Iran.
Methods: A cross-sectional survey was carried out biweekly from April to September 2016 to determine tick infesta­tion of the meat-producing animals. All the livestock included in our study were thoroughly inspected for the presence of hard ticks on different parts of their bodies.
Results: A total of 258 hard ticks were collected from the body of livestock hosts. The ticks that were sampled were classified into two genera and five species: Hyalomma marginatum, Hy. anatolicum, Hy. asiaticum, Hy. dromedarii, and Rhipicephalus sanguineus. Hyalomma dromedarii was the most abundant species in the study area. More than 50 per­cent of the sampled ticks were collected from the body of camels brought to the slaughter house however molecular analysis showed no Crimean Congo Hemorrhagic Fever (CCHF) virus infection in tick specimens. The Sex ratio of the sampled hard ticks shows that female tick infestation was more common among the study livestock.
Conclusion: Due to the crucial role of hard ticks in the transmission of different pathogens to humans, additional inves­tigations are necessary to determine the risk of consumption of infested meat-producing animals in the study area.
Larvicidal Activity of Elytraria acaulis against Culex quinquefasciatus and Aedes aegypti (Diptera: Culicidae)
Authors: Sukumaran Soorya , Maheswaran Rajan
Published: November 2020

Background: Mosquitoes are blood sucking arthropods and serve as vectors of many diseases causing serious health problems to human beings. Culex quinquefasciatus and Aedes aegypti were responsible for Filariasis and Dengue. Syn­thetic pesticides were effective against mosquitoes as well as main sources of environmental pollution and most of them are immunosuppressant. Botanicals were widely used as insecticides, growth disruptors, repellents, etc. The aim of this research was to determine larvicidal properties of powdered leaf, Elytraria acaulis against late third or early fourth in­star larvae of Cx. quinquefasciatus and Ae. aegypti.
Methods: Larvae of Cx. quinquefasciatus and Ae. aegypti were tested at various concentrations of 100, 120, 140, 160, 180 and 200mg/100ml and mortality was recorded after 24h. The LC50 values of the E. acaulis leaf powder were calcu­lated by Probit analysis.
Results: The plant powder exhibited strong larvicidal activity against Cx. quinquefasciatus with LC50 value of 116.07mg/100ml against Ae. aegypti 124.25mg/100ml respectively. The result indicated that the plant powder of E. acaulis showed potential larvicidal activity against Cx. quinquefasciatus and Ae. aegypti.
Conclusion: The overall findings of the present investigation suggested that the E. acaulis highly effective against Cx. quinquefasciatus and Ae. aegypti larvae. Elytraria acaulis may be used as an alternative to synthetic chemical pesticides for control of vectors to reduce vector borne diseases and did not harm to total environment.
The Shifting Landscape of Pharmaceutical Care–During and Beyond the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Karimian Zahra , Gholami Kheirollah
Published: November 2020

The article's abstract is not available.
Methadone Pharmacokinetics in Geriatric Critically Ill Patients Following Intramuscular and Intravenous Administration: A Pilot Stud
Authors: Beik Rassouli Safoura , Rouini Mohammad Reza , Najmeddin Farhad , Gheimati Azin , A Golabchifar Ali , Tabib Kimia , Ahmadi Arezoo , Sadeghi Kourosh , Honarmand Hooshyar , Hadi Ali Mohammed , Mojtahedzadeh Mojtaba
Published: November 2020

Background: Methadone is used for the pain management worldwide. Its special characteristics make it a potential alternative for pain management in critically ill and geriatric patients. Due to lack of studies in this population, we aimed to compare the pharmacokinetic behavior of Methadone following intramuscular and intravenous administration in geriatric ICU patients and with previously reports in healthy volunteers.
Methods: According to the limitations in ICU setting, we could include 11 patients over 65 years old, who required opioid for pain relief in this study. Patients were randomized to receive 5 mg of Methadone IM or IV injection every 8 hours for 6 days. The Methadone plasma level detected with LC-mass tandem mass spectrometry, and pharmacokinetics parameters were evaluated for each subject in both 1st and 6th days of treatment.
Results: Based on our results, bioavailability of intramuscular Methadone in geriatric ICU patients was low and less than 40% of the dose was absorbed within first 12 hours. The volume of distribution of Methadone in the first day was significantly lower than the previously reported values in healthy subjects and significantly increased during these 6 days. The Methadone half-life in this population also significantly increased through this period.
Conclusion: Pharmacokinetic behavior of Methadone in geriatric ICU patients is unpredictable. Reduced volume of distribution and half-life may be observed initially, following with an increase to the normal range. It seems that IM administration of Methadone in geriatric critically ill patients may not provide target analgesic Methadone serum levels.
Is Intra-Cellular Magnesium Concentration Correlate with Morbidity and Mortality in Critically Ill Patients? A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Zinat Heidari Zinat , Abdollahi Alireza , Khalili Hossein
Published: November 2020

Backgrounds: Hypomagnesemia is a common electrolyte disturbance among critically ill patient which is associated with increased morbidity and mortality. In this study, correlations between serum and intra-cellular magnesium concentrations at the time of intensive care unit (ICU) admission with ICU complications and mortality were evaluated.
Methods: This cross-sectional study included 70 consecutive adult patients admitted to the intensive care unit of a tertiary referral teaching hospital during a six-month period. Serum and intra-cellular magnesium levels were measured on admission. Clinical information, morbidity, and mortality were followed and recorded during ICU stay until discharge or death.
Results: On admission, 37.14% of patients suffered hypomagnesemia. Low intra-cellular magnesium level was observed in 44.28% of patients. Cardiovascular complications and mortality were significantly higher in patients with lower serum and intra-cellular magnesium levels when compared to patients with normal levels (P < 0.05). There was a significant correlation between serum magnesium level on ICU admission and Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation (APACHE II) score (r = ˗0.39, P < 0.001).
Conclusion: Particular attention should be reserved to possible prognostic and therapeutic consequences of magnesium depletion in critically ill patients. Magnesium deficiency was associated with a higher APACHE II score on admission, higher cardiovascular complications, and increased mortality.
Clinical Effects of Chlorhexidine 0.2% and Cetylpyridinium 0.05% Combination in Comparison with Chlorhexidine, Cetylpyridinium and Persica in Reducing Oral Bacteria in Healthy Individuals
Authors: Yarahmadi Nioosha , Hashemian Farshad , Hosseini Doust Reza
Published: November 2020

Background:  Preparation of a new product with the goal of reducing chlorhexidine’s side effects without decreasing (and even increasing) its effectiveness is a desirable goal for researchers in the field of oral hygiene. The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of Chlorhexidine 0.2% and Cetylpyridinium 0.05% combination in reducing oral bacteria in comparison with Chlorhexidine 0.2%, Cetylpyridinium 0.05% and Persica mouthwashes.
Methods: 100 healthy volunteers aged between 18 and 30 years were randomly assigned to 5 groups. The first group received Chlorhexidine 0.2%, the second group received Cetylpyridinium 0.05%, the third received Persica, the fourth received Chlorhexidine 0.2% plus Cetylpyridinium 0.05%, and the fifth group received Chlorhexidine 0.05% plus Cetylpyridinium 0.05%. Samples were obtained at baseline and thirty minutes after oral rinsing with the mouthwashes. The number of colony-forming units (CFU/mL) before and after mouthwash administration was compared for each sample.                                                                                                                        
 Results: The preparation with the most bacterial count reduction was found to be Chlorhexidine 0.2% and Cetylpyridinium 0.05% combination. However, the difference between efficacy of Chlorhexidine 0.2% plus Cetylpyridinium 0.05% and Chlorhexidine 0.05% plus Cetylpyridinium 0.05% was found not to be statistically significant.                                                             
Conclusions: A new mouthwash preparation including chlorhexidine 0.05% and cetylpyridinium 0.05 % combination is the most desirable due to the increased efficacy and fewer side effects.
Enoxaparin Utilization Evaluation and Its Clinical and Laboratory Outcomes in Pediatric Patients in a Children’s Teaching Hospital
Authors: Samadi Bahrami Uldooz , Safari Sharari Alieh , Pourkarami Hadis , Faghihi Toktam
Published: November 2020

Backgrounds: In recent years, low molecular weight heparin use has increased in children. Dose of enoxaparin to achieve target anti-Xa and time to achieve anti-Xa are evolving and efficacy outcome data in terms of laboratory and clinical response rate in children still remains to be elucidated. Thus, in this drug utilization and evaluation study, we assessed patterns of enoxaparin use, its concordance with guidelines and laboratory and clinical outcomes in pediatric patients in a Children’s teaching hospital.  
Methods: In a prospective observational study, all pediatric patients with a thrombotic event who underwent treatment with enoxaparin were included. Demographic data, clinical outcome data based on follow-up sonography results, laboratory response based on anti-Xa and concordance with guidelines in terms of initial daily dose, duration of treatment, performing sonography to evaluate response, anti Xa check and time of anti-Xa check were evaluated.
Results: During a 9-month period, 41 pediatric patients suffered a thrombotic event and received enoxaparin. Median age of participants was 18.5 months. The anti-Xa level became therapeutic on mean day 4.7 with a mean enoxaparin dose of 1.24 mg/kg. Among participants 42% achieved therapeutic anti-Xa with initial empirical dosing. Less than 25 % of participants had a follow-up sonography and among them, 77% demonstrated complete thrombosis resolution after 4-6 weeks of enoxaparin therapy. We observed one major bleeding event. Concordance with guidelines was low in the aspects of duration of treatment, performing sonography to evaluate response and anti-Xa check.
Conclusion: With initial empiric dosing, it may take several days before anti-Xa become therapeutic. Among half of the children, a higher than recommended 1 mg/kg dose was required to achieve therapeutic anti-Xa level. Educational processes are mandatory regarding enoxaparin use and monitoring among clinicians to improve concordance with guidelines.
Voriconazole Film-Coated Tablets: To Split Them or Not?
Authors: Sahraei Zahra , Barati Saghar
Published: November 2020

The article's abstract is not available.
Molecular Mechanisms of Galidesivir as a Potential Antiviral Treatment for COVID-19
Authors: Ataei Mahshid , Hosseinjani Hesamoddin
Published: November 2020

The article's abstract is not available.
Instrumento de autoavaliação para estudantes de cursinhos populares: a evasão como problemática
Authors: Campos Luciana Maria Lunardi , Cruz Natália Harue da
Published: November 2020

O presente estudo teve por objetivo elaborar um instrumento de autoavaliação e analisar a viabilidade de sua utilização junto a estudantes de um cursinho pré-universitário, vinculado a uma universidade pública do estado de São Paulo. Esta proposta avaliativa visa possibilitar aos estudantes a realização de um exercício de autocrítica e de reflexão sobre o desempenho e as dificuldades no decorrer do curso e justifica-se pelos altos índices da evasão em cursinhos populares. O instrumento foi elaborado com três eixos: identificação, desempenho geral e dificuldades, para ser utilizado mensal e individualmente pelos/as estudantes. A cada autoavaliação, o/a estudante recebeu uma nova ficha para preenchimento dos mesmos aspectos e os dados das autoavaliações anteriores para analisá-los e compará-los com as novas respostas. Participaram do estudo duas turmas de extensivo, num total de 21 estudantes. Os resultados foram organizados em: instrumentos elaborados e aplicação do instrumento e indicam que o instrumento proporcionou uma nova experiência aos estudantes e que dificuldades, desmotivação e evasão estão relacionados à dimensão subjetiva, que só pode ser compreendida em articulação com à objetiva.Palavrs-chave: Cursinho pré-universitário; Autoavaliação; Evasão Escolar. ABSTRACT: The present study aimed to develop a self-assessment tool and analyze the feasibility of its use among pre-university students course from a public university from the state of São Paulo. This proposes evaluation method aims to lead the students to perform an exercise of self-criticism, reflecting on the performance and difficulties that are found during the course period and justified by the high evasion rates in popular courses. The instrument was elaborated with three axes: identification, general performance, and difficulties, to be used monthly and individually by the students. At each self-assessment, the student received a new form to fill in the same aspects and data from the previous self-assessments to analyze and compare them with the new answers. A total of 21 students participated in the study. The results were organized in how the self-assessment was elaborated and its application and indicate that instrument provided a new experience for students and that difficulties, desmotivation and evasion are related to the subjective dimension, which can only be understood in articulation with the objective.Keywords: Pre-university Coursework; Self- Evaluation; School Dropout.
A Influência da Instituição Formal no Processo de Internacionalização das MPMEs em uma Economia Emergente
Authors: De Arruda Ane Izabelle Bezerra , Salazar Viviane Santos
Published: November 2020

Objetivo: O objetivo desse artigo consiste em analisar como a instituição formal influencia no processo de internacionalização das MPMEs de uma economia emergente, sob a perspectiva teórica da visão baseada em instituição.Método: Foi realizado estudos de casos múltiplos, contemplando um corpus de 9 entrevistas realizadas de forma semiestruturada, com representantes da instituição formal em análise e MPMEs do setor têxtil e de confecção do Agreste Pernambucano.Principais Resultados: Foi identificado uma influência significativa da instituição formal para a internacionalização das MPMEs do Setor T&C, especialmente na desmistificação dos mitos da exportação, informações sobre os procedimentos para internacionalizar, promoção e apoio em feiras, ajustes em processos, produtos e gestão. Contudo há também influências negativas como a incipiente atenção a temática de comércio exterior, divulgação do programa com interesses políticos, poucos resultados práticos de exportação, burocracia do Estado e volatilidade cambial.Relevância: O enfoque no papel das instituições do país de origem, especialmente, em economias emergentes, na internacionalização de empresas, é um tema emergente, portanto, esse artigo pode colaborar para a permanência da relevância local e global do temaContribuições Teóricas/ Metodológicas: Utiliza a perspectiva teórica da visão baseada em instituição para compreender as interações entre instituição e internacionalização, contemplando um ambiente institucional distinto, trazendo novas perspectivas para análise.