bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Co‐constructed inquiry: a new approach to generating, disseminating and discovering knowledge in qualitative research
Authors: Keady John , Williams Sion
Published: September 2011

Co‐constructed Inquiry has been built in partnership with specialist nurse practitioners, university‐based researchers (with a clinical background in stroke and dementia care) and people living with long‐term conditions. Co‐constructed Inquiry introduces the language of drama and theatre into the theory building and reporting process and consists of three stages: Building the set; Performing the production; and Bringing down the curtain. People with long‐term conditions represent subjective experience through the production of a life story script, a personal theory and, eventually, a collective theory. The personal theory is usually presented as a diagram, or a series of diagrams. Co‐constructed Inquiry sheds new light on participative methods of inquiry and in the development of co‐constructed grounded theory.
A consumer group: Reflections on experience of involving users and carers in the work of the Faculty of Old Age Psychiatry
Authors: Lock Ong Yong , Benbow Susan , Black Sarah , Garner Jane
Published: September 2011

The Faculty of Old Age Psychiatry, Royal College of Psychiatrists, has been involving users and carers in its work since 2002. The model that has been developed involves regular meetings of a consumer group, which was set up in partnership with the Alzheimer's Society and Age Concern, and which meets with the officers of the faculty. This development is in line with a number of recent policy initiatives and has had considerable influence on the work of the faculty.
‘We are too busy being active and enjoying ourselves to feel the aches and pains’: perceived health benefits of line dancing for older women
Authors: Nadasen Krishnavelli
Published: September 2011

This paper examines the perceived benefits of line dancing for a group of women between 60 and 80 years of age. It is based on a one‐year qualitative research study in Cape Town, South Africa. Line dancing has been classified as a form of aerobic exercise and this study sought to investigate whether these older women perceived line dancing to be beneficial to their health and well‐being. Individual and group interviews were conducted with 30 women and these provided useful insights into the participants' subjective experiences with regard to line dancing and the impact it had on their health and well‐being. The two broad assumptions that guided this study were a) that line dancing was perceived to be beneficial to the health and well‐being of these older women and b) that these older women did not subscribe to the popular assumption that there is a general deterioration in mental capacity, psychological or physical endurance or creativity once one reaches the age of 60.
Promoting control and interdependence for those living in care homes by establishing ‘friends of care home’ groups
Authors: Furness Sheila
Published: September 2011

In order to improve the quality of life of older people, whether they live in care homes or domestic settings, new strategies are required that will allow people to have greater control over their own lives as well as promote interdependence rather than dependence on their families and wider communities. The revised, statutory, regulatory framework for care homes in England introduces new ways of judging care services. Greater attention will be paid to service users' views about the service. Care home managers will be expected to supply annual quality assurance reports that include feedback from residents and their relatives. This paper advocates that care homes should establish ‘friends of the care home’ groups as one approach that will facilitate better communication, encourage participation and improve relations between staff, residents and their families and friends. Some of the mutual benefits for the manager and ‘friends’ are identified and guidance on how to set up and sustain a group is offered.
Monitoring people with dementia ‐ controlling or liberating?
Authors: Price Celia
Published: September 2011

In the increasing discussion about electronic assistive technology, the most emotive reactions are provoked when it is suggested that technology is used to monitor older people with dementia. The words associated with monitoring are rather negative ‐ surveillance, ‘big brother’, intrusive, controlling.For the past two years care practitioners in local authorities and NHS mental health trusts have been using the Just Checking activity monitoring system to assess people with dementia, living alone in their own homes. Small, wireless movement sensors placed in the key rooms of the house, are triggered as the person goes about their daily life, and the data are represented as a line on a 24‐hour chart. There are no cameras. The chart is accessed via a password controlled website.The charts give care professionals and family carers a much clearer ‘picture’ of how a person with dementia is acting in their own home. The information is used to devise a care package that is appropriate, and will support them to continue to live independently.Case study names have been changed.
A commentary on the emerging literature on advocacy for older people
Authors: Scourfield Peter
Published: September 2011

This paper comments on emerging themes derived from recent official publications on older people's advocacy in the UK. There is an examination of relevant policy documents and the responses from service user groups. Discussion includes: clarity in defining advocacy; the nature of the advocacy relationship; sustained and reliable financing of advocacy services; the uneven nature of provision; lack of inter‐agency connectivity; the need to establish national standards for advocacy; problems of mental capacity; and advocacy for care home residents and for minority groups. The need for and direction of further research is proposed.
Extra care housing: a concept without a consensus
Authors: Tinker Anthea , Zeilig Hannah , Wright Fay , Hanson Julienne , Mayagoitia Ruth , Wojgani Hede
Published: September 2011

Extra care housing has developed from sheltered housing and has increasingly been seen as a popular option by policy‐makers for a number of reasons. These include the inability of conventional sheltered housing to be an adequate solution for a growing population of very old people, the decline in popularity and high costs of residential care and perceived problems with older people staying in mainstream housing. There is, however, no agreed definition of extra care housing, even though a growing number of government grants are becoming available for this type of housing. This is causing confusion for providers and for older people and their families who are not sure exactly what is provided. This lack of clarity means that this form of housing has become an erratic and piecemeal form of provision.
Remodelling to extra care housing: some implications for policy and practice
Authors: Tinker Anthea , Wright Fay , Hanson Julienne , Mayagoitia Ruth , Wojgani Hede , Holmans Alan
Published: September 2011

Extra care housing is seen as a popular option for older people by families, some older people, policy‐makers and practitioners. Some new build is being provided but another option, for which grants are available, is to remodel existing outmoded buildings. This research reports on recent attempts from 10 case‐study areas in England to remodel sheltered housing and residential care homes to extra care housing. The results are mixed, with satisfaction reported by many new tenants, anger by some existing ones, challenges at every stage of the project for design and construction teams, and issues over the provision of assistive technology and care. Nearly all the schemes experienced unexpected problems during the course of construction. Remodelling is not necessarily faster or cheaper than commissioning a purpose‐designed new building. Nevertheless, remodelling may be the only viable option for some unpopular or outdated schemes. The research showed that remodelling is not a quick fix, but that it did have considerable advantages for many of the older people and support staff who were living and working in the remodelled buildings. The research concluded that remodelling should only be undertaken when other options have been carefully examined. Drawing on the research findings, advice to policy‐makers and practitioners who are considering this course of action is outlined in the discussion.
Multiple perspectives: involving users and carers in educating health and social care professionals
Authors: Benbow Susan , Taylor Louise , Morgan Kathleen
Published: September 2011

The authors describe how a user and carers were involved in teaching as part of the MSc in Applied Studies in Ageing and Mental Health at Staffordshire University, the impact that this had on students on the course and evolving plans to develop the work further.
Intermediate care: what are service users' experiences of rehabilitation?
Authors: Benten Jane , Spalding Nicola
Published: September 2011

The Department of Health's introduction of intermediate care recognised the need for rehabilitation following acute hospital care. The importance of rehabilitation was also stressed by a review carried out across England and Wales by District Audit. This article reports a phenomenological study carried out to explore service users' experiences of a 22‐bedded intermediate care service. Face‐to‐face, semi‐structured interviews were conducted with eight service users who were older people, with a further follow‐up interview two weeks later. Data was analysed using an open‐coding and theming approach. One of the six emergent themes is discussed in this article: service users' rehabilitation experiences. Data was themed into a rehabilitation framework of users' understanding, assessment and goal setting, interventions and transfer home. Intermediate care was found to provide support for service users between discharge from acute hospital and return to their own homes, but service users lacked understanding and awareness of the potential of the intermediate care service. They did not feel involved in their assessment and goal setting and so were unable to make individual contributions regarding their own rehabilitation needs. Interventions were subsequently not linked to their needs and transfer home experiences were variable. Users' experiences did not reflect the Department of Health's four principles that underpin the delivery of intermediate care: person‐centred care; whole system working; timely access to specialist care; promoting health and an active life. Recommendations are made to address these and to incorporate the recommendations from District Audit.
The retention of older people in longitudinal studies: A review of the literature
Authors: Bhamra Suneeta , Tinker Anthea , Mein Gill , Ashcroft Richard , Askham Janet
Published: September 2011

Research that follows people over a period of time (longitudinal or panel studies) is increasingly recognised as of great importance in helping us to understand the ageing process and changes over time in the lives of older people. If people drop out of studies ‐ which older people are more likely to do ‐ the value of the study diminishes. This research draws on evidence from ongoing and previous longitudinal studies of people aged 55 and over to examine what factors encourage the retention of participants and what causes them to drop out. The research is synthesising existing evidence, drawing together the experiences of researchers involved in longitudinal studies, and collecting some new evidence about the views of survey participants. This article reports on the first part of the research by drawing together evidence from other studies. These show that there are some factors that are related to attrition whereas for others the evidence is mixed. Methods employed by these studies to reduce attrition and retain participants are examined. It must be noted that apart from the consistent finding that attrition is associated with age, education, socio‐economic status and cognitive impairment, not all studies examined the same variables; some only being explored by one study. This makes it difficult to draw any further conclusions and indicates that attrition needs to be addressed in a uniform manner by more studies. This article identifies some implications for policy‐makers and practitioners.
Recognition and response: Approaches to late‐life depression and mental health problems in primary care
Authors: Iliffe Steve
Published: September 2011

The boundaries between what is a healthy response to stress and anxiety and what is abnormal are often difficult to determine, especially in primary care. Even symptoms of conditions such as psychoses and dementia can present as relatively normal behaviour. This paper considers depression in late life as an example of this tension. On the one hand, depressive symptoms may be viewed as an ‘understandable’ response to bereavement or physical illness, while, on the other, it can be a serious, disabling and life‐threatening condition if left untreated. Primary care has a key role to play in supporting depressed older people, through improved pattern recognition and diagnosis, by tailoring effective treatments to fit the individual, and by providing or signposting the older person to information and advice. This is a pivotal role that primary care plays in relation to other mental health problems that older people experience.
Working with older people from black and minority ethnic groups who have depression: From margin to mainstream
Authors: Manthorpe Jill , Moriarty Jo
Published: September 2011

Despite the growing evidence base about depression and anxiety and its application to service settings and practice, we are short of practice examples about what works and for whom. This applies to older people in general but particularly to groups, such as people from black and minority ethnic backgrounds. This article discusses policy and legislative encouragements to think about equality of access and diversity issues in mental health services and wider mental health promotion activities. It analyses recent research and policy documents in the context of demographic change and practice. It argues that the context of personalisation in England may provide new opportunities to consider what older people will find most acceptable and effective in meeting their needs, but notes the challenges that this will bring to community‐based organisations and specialist services.
Depression and mental health in care homes for older people
Authors: Dening Tom , Milne Alisoun
Published: September 2011

About five per cent of ‐ generally very frail ‐ older people live in long‐term care in the UK; approximately a fifth of all deaths occur in care homes. Depression and dementia are prevalent mental health conditions in care homes; depression is reported in around a third of residents and dementia in two thirds. While there is some evidence about efficacy of medication in treating psychiatric and behavioural symptoms among residents, much less is known about the potential role of psychosocial interventions in enhancing mental health and quality of life. Quality of care varies widely across the carehome sector including support from primary and specialist health and quality and level of training. In terms of enhancing care quality, there is evidence that investing in staff training and conditions, establishing good links with healthcare providers, and developing care standards that genuinely promote good practice are likely to improve resident quality of life. This is an exciting area for research development and practice innovation for the future; taking account of users perspective, holds particular potential.
The relationship between longevity and healthy life expectancy
Authors: Robine Jean‐Marie , Saito Yasuhiko , Jagger Carol
Published: September 2011

What is the relationship between longevity and health? Health expectancies were developed more than 30 years ago specifically to answer this question. It may therefore be the time to try to answer this question, though it is worth noting that the question implies a unidirectional relationship. Almost no one questions the positive association between health and longevity. It is expected that healthy, robust people will live, on average, longer than frail people. This heterogeneity in terms of robustness/frailty may explain the shape of the mortality trajectory with age, ie. the oldest old seem to follow a lower mortality schedule (Vaupel et al, 1979). On the other hand, many people wonder about the relationship between longevity and health. Are we living longer because we are in better health? Are we living longer in good health? Or are we merely surviving longer whatever our health status? In other words, can we live in good health as long as we can survive? And this is exactly the purpose of health expectancies: monitoring how long people live in various health statuses (Sanders, 1964; Sullivan, 1971; Robine et al, 2003a).
Slowing human ageing
Authors: Wilson David
Published: September 2011

Knowledge of why and how we age is pointing to ways to extend human longevity. Studies in model organisms indicate that increasing the expression of repair and maintenance genes results in slower ageing and increased life expectancy. It might soon be possible to achieve such slowing of ageing in humans. The evidence for, and societal consequences of, such an advance are discussed.
What could advances in the biology of ageing mean for the quality of later life?
Authors: Faragher Richard
Published: September 2011

The ageing process is often discussed as though it is unique to humans. However, it can be observed throughout the plant and animal kingdoms. In every species in which it occurs, the ageing process has common traits. It is a progressive, intrinsic, cumulative and deleterious process that eventually gives rise to physiological frailty, morbidity and death. Historically, biogerontology had a slow start but the last 10 years have seen exceptional progress in understanding both why and how ageing changes occur. As a result of this new knowledge, interventions that could produce longer, healthier human lives are close to becoming clinical realities. Unfortunately, the speed and scale of these advances is not well understood outside the relatively small community of biological gerontologists. This article reviews some of these advances for a non‐specialist audience, speculates on their potential impact and identifies current barriers to future progress.
Population ageing: the implications for society
Authors: Cann Paul
Published: September 2011

The dramatic ageing of societies will not be addressed successfully by generalised policies for all older people, but by concerted action to tackle major inequalities in income, health and well‐being and social inclusion. Such approaches must form part of a life course strategy which deals with disadvantages owing to gender, ethnicity and socio‐economic origins and uses mid‐life and retirement as windows of opportunity. Paradoxically, the current economic difficulties cause the right conditions for a new drive to reduce unequal ageing. A concordat is needed across state, business, voluntary sector and media if it is to be a realistic possibility.
Relational practice as the key to ensuring quality care for frail older people: discharge planning as a case example
Authors: Williams Sion , Nolan Mike , Keady John
Published: September 2011

Discharging frail older people from acute hospital settings has been an issue of concern for over 40 years and recent studies suggest that enduring problems remain. This paper explores the experiences of discharge from three different units: an acute surgical ward, an acute medical ward and a specialist ward for older people. Based on extensive data from interviews with older people, their family carers and ward‐based staff, a grounded theory of the discharge experience is presented. This suggests that the quality of discharge hinges largely on whether the focus of efforts is on ‘pace’ (the desire to discharge older people as rapidly as possible) or ‘complexity’ (where due account is taken of the complex interaction of medical and wider social issues). When pace is the focus, ‘pushing’ and ‘fixing’ are the main processes driving discharge. However, when attention is given to complexity, far more subtle processes of ‘informing’ and ‘brokering’ are in evidence. These latter processes are conceived of as forms of ‘relational practice’ and it is argued that such practices lie at the heart of high quality care for older people.
Early intervention in dementia care in an Asian community
Authors: Seabrooke Viniti , Milne Alisoun
Published: September 2011

The number of older Asians in the UK is increasing placing greater numbers at risk of developing dementia. The emerging need to address early diagnosis is especially prominent in areas where Asian communities are long established. This was the specific focus of a Dementia Collaborative Project in North West Kent. The project, working through a primary care practice, aimed to raise awareness of dementia and to facilitate early intervention and access to specialist dementia services. Using an evaluation methodology adopted by the Collaborative and working through a multiagency steering group, the pilot project successfully identified an appropriate primary care practice, established a link with a specially trained Asian nurse and devised a set of project materials. By inviting older Asian patients with memory problems to make an appointment with the nurse, and enclosing a culturally relevant information leaflet, older people were encouraged to come forward. Although the number of individual patients identified was small, the project outcomes include: significantly increased referral rates from black and minority ethnic communities to specialist services and greater awareness of dementia‐related issues in both primary care and Asian care services. Overall, the evaluation suggests that by engaging with a committed primary care practice it is possible to engage a hitherto marginal group of older people in early intervention in dementia and raise awareness about its benefits. That this approach underpins the development of a larger scale five year project in the same area additionally endorses its relevance for the mainstream population.
Elders, drama and the good life
Authors: Wiener Ron
Published: September 2011

The older generation are often portrayed as being a ‘problem’ for society. This case study describes two theatre projects in which elder participants develop their creativity, explore issues to do with the ageing process and confront many of the stereotypes about growing old and then take their efforts out into the wider community.
The Social Care System: Beyond Repair or Missing Vital Parts?
Authors: Reece Andrew
Published: September 2011

Putting People First and the Social Care Reform Grant have been presented as ‘once in a lifetime’ opportunities to get the ‘broken’ social care system fit for purpose. There is a risk that the guidance attached to the reform grant will force councils to focus on the transformation of processes and systems, rather than on what really matters, the transformation of the lives of disabled people. Like in Control, Putting People First locates the problem in ‘resource allocation’ and proposes that councils develop new systems to improve this. An alternative view is that the transformation of the lives of disabled people can be delivered by improvements in the components of the current system. How these improvements can be funded is also considered.
Evaluation of the Implementation of PRISMA, a Coordination‐Type Integrated Service Delivery System for Frail Older People in Québec
Authors: Hébert Réjean , Veil Anne , Raîche Michel , Dubois Marie‐France , Dubuc Nicole , Tousignant Michel
Published: September 2011

PRISMA is the only example of a co‐ordinated‐type model to be developed and fully implemented with a process and outcome evaluation. The PRISMA model was implemented in three areas (urban, rural with or without a local hospital) in Quebec, Canada and an implementation evaluation was carried out using mixed (qualitative and quantitative) methods. Over four years, the implementation rates went from 22% to 79%. The perception of integration by managers and clinicians working in the various organisations of the network shows that most interactions are perceived as at the co‐operation level, some getting the highest collaboration level. The perception of the efficacy of case managers was very high. Implementing such a model is feasible, and the decision to generalise it was made in Quebec. This model might be more appropriate for a universal publicly funded health care system like those in Canada, the UK and the Scandinavian countries.
End of Life Care for Older People with Dementia Living in a Care Home
Authors: Evans Catherine , Goodman Claire
Published: September 2011

The second in a new series about mental health in old age, this article reviews policies and research evidence on services for people with dementia at the end of their lives, and looks at future commissioning priorities
Improvement Science meets Community Development: Approaching Health Inequalities through Community Engagement
Authors: Slater Beverley , Knowles Jenny , Lyon David
Published: September 2011

The Improvement Foundation's Healthy Communities Collaborative (HCC) model combines community development and quality improvement, lay knowledge and professional support in an innovative community‐led approach aimed specifically at reducing health inequalities. This paper describes the key characteristics of the model and uses an outcomes framework to discuss indicative results from an HCC initiative to promote earlier identification of people at risk of cardiovascular disease, implemented in nine spearhead local authorities.
What is a Deprivation of Liberty?
Authors: Dow John
Published: September 2011

What is the difference between a deprivation of liberty and a restriction upon liberty? This sounds like a question for a lawyer, but it is a one to which staff in health and social care institutions will need to know the answer when the new Deprivation of Liberty Safeguards are implemented in April 2009.
Initial Assessment and Eligibility for Secondary Care Mental Health Services: Not a Simple Equation
Authors: Firth Malcolm , Hanily Frank , Garratt Paul
Published: September 2011

This paper identifies the challenges of interpreting and implementing appropriate eligibility criteria and assessment processes in adult mental health services, with reference to an inner‐city Trust's own protocols. Central guidance, local interpretation and professional judgment are all legitimate contributions, but also confound both the concept and processes of entry to service.
The Evidence Base for Vertical Integration in Health Care
Authors: Ramsay Angus , Fulop Naomi , Edwards Nigel
Published: September 2011

This paper reviews the evidence base for vertical integration in health care. We describe its impact on organisational structures, on how services are provided, and on such outcomes as cost, clinical outcomes and patient experience. We also outline conditions that support successful integration.
Behavioural and Psychological Symptoms of Dementia (BPSD): The Personal and Practical Costs of Dementia
Authors: Lowery David , Warner James
Published: September 2011

Behavioural and psychological symptoms of dementia (BPSD) are a far too common and disturbing occurrence for people with dementia, their families and those who care for them. The consequences can be not only devastating personally and challenging professionally, but also costly for service providers. In this, the fourth of this series on older people's mental health services, we describe what BPSD are, what we know about current service provision for this group and the gaps, and how commissioners might approach these issues when developing services for older people with dementia.
Health Bill 2009
Authors: Dow John
Published: September 2011

This article summarises the proposals for new legislation in the Health Bill 2009, and takes a closer look at the proposal for piloting direct payments for health care.
Electronic Sharing of Information on Children: The Scottish and English Experiences
Authors: Freeman Isobel
Published: September 2011

This article looks at developments in the use of information technology to support information sharing between agencies, with particular reference to children's services and to its contribution to ezarly intervention and to the safeguarding of children. It compares the approach adopted in Scotland with that in England.
The Importance of Collaborative Theory in Older People's Services
Authors: Andrews Tresa , Read Jessica
Published: September 2011

The article shows how Southwark and Salford have attempted to bring alive government guidance by developing a mental health resource for those working at the intersection with integrated mainstream care. Although a local context receptive to partnership working was important, connecting collaborative theory with practice was crucial to the successful development of this resource.
Keeping it Personal: Supporting People with Complex and Multiple Needs
Authors: Henwood Melanie , Hudson Bob
Published: September 2011

As the social care system ‐ and potentially the health care system and other public services ‐ move increasingly towards a model of personalised support, questions arise about whether and how it can work for people with multiple and complex needs. The evidence is that it is possible to achieve this, and that the outcomes and quality of life can be dramatically improved, but many councils and their partners have yet to move into this demanding activity, and face considerable obstacles in the form of conventional approaches to policy and practice if and when they do. This article draws on the findings of a special study undertaken for the Commission for Social Care Inspection. Alongside some of the difficulties of personalising support for people with multiple and complex needs are inspirational stories of innovative developments which have transformed the lives of people and their carers.
Partnership Working — Why Does it not Come Naturally for Professionals?
Authors: Kaur Raman
Published: September 2011

Although much of the literature on partnership working tends to focus on high‐level structural, policy and managerial issues, this article summarises more bottom‐up research into the experiences of children, their parents and teachers with regard to speech and language support at school. Crucially, the research revealed that each group had its own perspectives and interpretations, and the study as a whole sheds light on the complexities involved in interprofessional practice at ground level.
Self‐Directed Support in Health: Developing the Concepts
Authors: Brewis Rita
Published: September 2011

This article outlines the work being taken forward by In Control, an independent social enterprise and charity, with a range of innovative PCTs and local authorities, to explore how the concept of personalisation may be applied in health. The programme has been called Staying in Control, to reflect the need for joining together health and social care so that a person does not lose control when their health deteriorates and different funding streams and services come into play.
The Emergence of the Independent Support Broker Role
Authors: Dowson Steve , Greig Rob
Published: September 2011

A key element in the personalisation of health and social care is the upfront allocation of a budget to disabled and older people which they can use to obtain the supports they require. The benefit of this arrangement in increasing user choice and control will not materialise unless recipients can either acquire or access the skills of brokerage needed to plan and arrange their supports. The independent support broker is one important response to this need. However, the role needs to match the intentions of personalisation and avoid the undesirable characteristics that many social care users associate with the term ‘professional’. This raises specific questions about the definition of the role and training requirements of brokers, and broader themes which are explored with reference to the findings from two recent projects undertaken by the National Development Team for Inclusion. The second of these projects was commissioned by Skills for Care London, and led to a set of proposals for the training and accreditation of support brokers.
Personalisation and Joint Working: OLM Adult Social Services Survey
Authors: Kennedy Jim
Published: September 2011

Earlier this year, OLM Group surveyed senior social services staff in councils in England and Wales to learn more about progress towards personalisation and more effective joint working with health. This article summarises their views on the major concerns about, and priorities for, making the new arrangements work. It outlines where the current obstacles and threats to success lie.
Executive compensation: the role of Shari'a compliance
Authors: Marty Martin William , Hunt‐Ahmed Karen
Published: September 2011

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to illuminate issues surrounding executive compensation as it relates to current understandings of Islamic business law.

Design/methodology/approach

The emerging bodies of literature in the fields of executive compensation and opinions of stock options under Shari'a law are reviewed.

Findings

It appears that the trend in offering employee stock options as part of a Shari'a compliant compensation package is acceptable in most cases, yet because of its close association with the more problematic idea of derivative transactions, the company must be vigilant in obtaining the approval from its Shari'a Standards Board before offering it as part of an overall compensation package.

Research limitations/implications

Existing quantitative data in this area are limited. Given the qualitative, exploratory nature of the design, generalizability is not as robust as other designs.

Practical implications

The paper makes recommendations about the inclusion of employee stock options as part of a Shari'a compliant executive compensation package.

Originality/value

This paper advances the extant literature on the ethics of executive compensation in general as well as adding to the extant literature on Shari'a compliance of executive compensation packages.
Islam and the Olympics: seeking a host city in the Muslim world
Authors: Randeree Kasim
Published: September 2011

Purpose

Awarding the Olympic Games to a host city in the Muslim world would send a clear indication from member nations of the International Olympic Committee of a desire by the international community to engage with Muslim nations on a level that transcends sport. The purpose of this paper, therefore, is to answer the question: will a city in the Muslim world ever become host to the greatest sporting spectacle on Earth, and, if so, which is most likely to receive it, when and why?

Design/methodology/approach

To gauge the potential of cities in the Muslim world hosting the Olympics Games, the approach of the paper is to examine the merits of former host cities and then qualitatively comparing these with member countries of the Organisation of Islamic Conference which have a majority Muslim population.

Findings

The research findings indicate that there are five cities in the Muslim world, at least one of which is likely to be awarded one of the coming six Summer Olympic Games between the years 2020 and 2040.

Research limitations/implications

The broader implications of the study are that, in examining Muslim nations of the world from the point of view of mega‐event management on a global scale, their development and advancement capability in the modern world can be probed.

Originality/value

In the absence of any other published study on the subject, this paper would open a discourse that would be of value to scholars and interested parties in diverse fields such as major programme management, Islamic studies, international politics, economics and international development.
Dynamic relationships between Middle East stock markets
Authors: Floros Christos
Published: September 2011

Purpose

The aim of this paper is to examine the dynamic relationships between Middle East stock markets.

Design/methodology/approach

Daily data from the Egyptian (CMA) and Israeli Tel Aviv Stock Exchange (TASE‐100) stock indices are considered. The paper employs a Bivariate cointegration GARCH(1,1) model to explain price discovery and lead‐lag relationships for the period July 1997 – August 2007.

Findings

Empirical results confirm that the Egyptian market plays a price discovery role, implying that CMA prices contain useful information about TASE‐100 prices. CMA market is more informationally efficient than TASE‐100 market. Further, CMA index reflects new information faster than TASE‐100 index.

Research limitations/implications

Future research should examine the dynamic relationships between Middle East stock markets using intraday (high frequency) data and recent dynamic (long memory) methods.

Practical implications

The findings are helpful to financial managers and traders dealing with Middle East stock markets.

Originality/value

The contribution of this paper is to provide evidence on the stock market dynamics and financial linkages between two Middle East emerging markets using recent daily data and a modern econometric model. To the best of the author's knowledge, no previous study has tested the dynamic relationships between daily prices of CMA and TASE‐100.
Prize‐giving to the premium savings certificate holders
Authors: Fuad Mohd. , Hassan Razi , Abdullah Faruk
Published: September 2011

Purpose

Considering the popularity of the premium savings certificate (PSC) of the National Savings Bank of Malaysia (Bank Simpanan Nasional (BSN)) the paper aims to justify the Shari'ah compliancy of this product by analyzing its underlying contracts and to propose a Shari'ah compliant savings certificate, if the current practice is invalid in the Shari'ah.

Design/methodology/approach

Inductive methodology is first used to obtain a basic understanding of this product and the characteristics of Shari'ah approved contracts as well as the views of the jurists. Interviewing method is also used to acquire first‐hand information when the inductive method is not sufficient. Afterwards, an analytical approach is adopted to justify the validity of this contract with the Shari'ah principles. Finally, an innovative methodology is used to propose a Shari'ah compliant savings certificate.

Findings

The paper argues that the underlying contract used in PSC violates the conditions of wadi'ah contract, as in wadi'ah, the bank is not allowed to spend the money for investment, but in practice, BSN uses the money for investment. Therefore, the underlying contract in PSC turns into qard (loan) contract. Since the scholars unanimously declare that giving any kind of benefit like prizes to the creditor is riba, then PSC is considered as invalid according to the Shari'ah. On the other hand, although PSC might seem like gambling, it is different from gambling as the prizes given to PSC are from a third party. The paper proposes implementing mudarabah contract in PSC where the bank is allowed to invest according to its interest and the depositors share the profit and loss but the huge fluctuation of profit and loss could be shrunk by a special fund method.

Originality/value

In particular, it attracts the attention of BSN management to change their product's features. In general, it discovers a non‐Shari'ah compliant feature of savings certificates and outlines the feature of a Shari'ah compliant saving certificate for the practitioners of Islamic banking all over the world.
Understanding the interdependencies of quality problems and productivity
Authors: Nebl Theodor , Schroeder Anne‐Katrin
Published: September 2011

Purpose

This viewpoint seeks to provide evidence that up until now, neither a systematic analysis of quality problems in terms of resource, process and product quality has been undertaken, nor has the respective impact on productivity been sufficiently described and understood.

Design/methodology/approach

A structured literature review is used to define productivity and quality problems and shows their interdependencies as well as problem solving approaches in a model.

Findings

In a “Four Level Model of Quality” the impact of quality problems on productivity is apparent. A flow chart has been developed which not only identifies quality problems but also provides for approaches to resolve such problems through techniques of quality management. A practical example within the context of asset management further illustrates the overarching problems.

Practical implications

Utilizing the developed flow chart in order to identify quality problems and use techniques of quality management as a solution to overcome such problems, will contribute to an increase in productivity of a company.

Originality/value

This paper provides the development of methodical basics in reference to the definition and identification of quality problems including systematic attribution of quality management techniques for problem solving. It presents a “Four Level Model of Quality” to show how to secure the best impact on productiveness. This viewpoint shall lay foundations for target‐oriented continuation of research in this particular field and provide a scientific platform for companies of positive influences of quality on productivity.
The impact of TQM implementation on the organizational performance of Iranian manufacturing SMEs
Authors: Valmohammadi Changiz
Published: September 2011

Purpose

The purpose of this study is to provide reliable and valid constructs of total quality management (TQM) and a measurement instrument in the context of Iranian manufacturing small to medium‐ sized enterprises (SMEs) and to examine the effects of these seven TQM criteria, namely: leadership, process management, supplier, customer focus, employee management, communication and quality information system (QIS) and tools and techniques on the organizational performance of the Iranian manufacturing SMEs.

Design/methodology/approach

In order to search the impact of TQM practices on Iranian manufacturing SMEs a questionnaire was developed and distributed to quality managers of 65 Iranian manufacturing SMEs, resulting in a response rate of 81.5 percent. In particular, hypotheses were developed to evaluate the impact of TQM implementation on the organizational performance of the manufacturing SMEs.

Findings

Statistical analysis revealed that a number of significant relationships between TQM practices and organizational performance of the manufacturing SMEs. The result found that leadership plays an important role in enhancing organizational performance of the Iranian manufacturing SMEs; however, these organizations encounter some obstacles in fully utilizing some TQM criteria, namely tools and techniques and suppliers.

Research limitations/implications

The sample is restricted to only a single region and manufacturing, so it would be strongly recommended that data be gathered from various parts of Iran including both manufacturing and service industries. As the data in this study were collected from top managers of organizations on the basis of their subjective evaluations, objective performance indicators should also be employed in the analysis.

Originality/value

This study has the potential to enhance the understanding of TQM practices impact on organizational performance of the Iranian manufacturing SMEs amongst researches and practitioners. Also the research adds knowledge in the field of quality management within the context of developing countries and gives a particular focus on the Iran manufacturing SMEs; as a review of literature, has identified no studies that have undertaken a comprehensive analysis of TQM practices and organizational performance of manufacturing SMEs in the Iranian context.
Behavior patterns of quality cost categories
Authors: Chopra Arvind , Garg Dixit
Published: September 2011

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to find out the behavior patterns of different quality cost categories to enable us to take the right decisions in allocating resources for reducing quality costs.

Design/methodology/approach

Costs of quality, existing in a small‐scale industry in India, in the financial year 2006‐2007, were found out. At the start of the financial year 2007‐2008 a quality cost program was implemented in that organization and more resources were allocated for prevention and appraisal cost activities. Subsequently, the costs of quality related to the financial year 2007‐2008 and 2008‐2009 were found out. Based on the quality cost data of three years, co‐relation co‐efficient between the different quality cost categories were calculated.

Findings

The co‐relation co‐efficient between different quality cost categories suggest that by increasing the efforts towards prevention and appraisal activities, costs of non conformance decrease. Furthermore, there exists positive co‐relation within costs of conformance and between costs of non conformance.

Orginality/value

In the competitive modern world, small scale organizations have limited resources. They do not have funds to hire consultants. So, the behaviour patterns of quality cost categories help these organizations to allocate precious resources more effectively and result in the reduction of quality costs thereby improving profitability.
High‐involvement work practices, quality results, and the role of HR function
Authors: Wickramasinghe Vathsala , Gamage Anuradha
Published: September 2011

Purpose

This article explores the relationship between high‐involvement work practices and quality results, and the role of HR function in the implementation of quality and high‐involvement work practices.

Design/methodology/approach

Quality managers and HR managers from 34 manufacturing firms with ISO 9001 certification and competing for national/international quality awards responded. Correlation and regression were used for the data analysis.

Findings

Team work, communication, performance evaluation, empowerment, rewards and recognition, and skill development practices significantly positively correlate with quality results. Of these practices, performance evaluation has the greatest impact followed by communication, and rewards and recognition. In the implementation of quality and work practices, the role of the HR department can be identified as “steering”.

Originality/value

A majority of research studies on high‐involvement work practices has been confined to Western manufacturing contexts; and findings of these studies are not conclusive. It is expected that the findings of this exploratory study will be able to establish baseline data to stimulate further research in this area.