bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Homens de ferro? A deposição de ferramentas em sepultamentos bretões da Idade do Ferro
Authors: Peixoto Pedro Vieira da Silva
Published: January 2023

A descoberta de ferramentas associadas à metalurgia e carpintaria na Idade do Ferro bretã é relativamente esparsa. Achados do tipo são encontrados em assentamentos, em tesouros ocultados e, às vezes, em cemitérios. Este artigo aborda a deposição de ferramentas, como tenazes, limas, martelos e outros, analisando contextos funerários encontrados em King Harry Lane (Hertfordshire), Whitcombe (Dorset), Rudston e Burton Fleming (East Yorkshire). Baseando-se em discussões prévias sobre a metalurgia e as ferramentas da Idade do Ferro bretã, como os estudos de Ehrenreich, Fell, Giles e Halkon, a pesquisa incorpora casos encontrados no continente, nas regiões francesas da Normandia e Val-d'Oise, onde sepultamentos com ferramentas ocorrem desde o século III a.C.. O artigo busca demonstrar como a deposição de ferramentas se tornou um mecanismo para expressar mensagens poderosas durante os séculos I a.C./d.C. na Grã-Bretanha, particularmente, associado ao gênero masculino.
Monumento aos mortos: um estudo sobre a função religiosa em pedras rúnicas no final da Era Viking (séc. XI)
Authors: Oliveira Leandro Vilar
Published: January 2023

Esse artigo analisa a função religiosa nas pedras rúnicas, monumentos erguidos para os vivos e os mortos, os quais passaram cada vez mais a desempenhar um caráter fúnebre, atuando como cenotáfios no século XI, na Suécia. A partir de estudos da Simbologia, da Arqueologia da Morte e dos Estudos Escandinavos, analisamos o simbolismo religioso presente nas pedras rúnicas, corroborando que estes monumentos possuiriam duas características religiosas preponderantes: atuariam como guia para as almas e possuiriam funções apotropaicas.
Legal Action Center: Comments on proposed changes to confidentiality regulations
Authors: Knopf Alison
Published: January 2023

The most recent proposal of changes to 42 CFR Part 2, the federal regulation protecting confidentiality of substance use disorder (SUD) treatment records, chips away yet again at what began 12 years ago as a gutting of the rule. ADAW has covered every change. For more information, go to the website (www.alcoholismdrugabuseweekly.com) and use the search function. You will find abstracts of every story; subscribers will find full text.
Oral Administration of Multistage Albumin Nanomedicine Depots (MANDs) for Targeted Efficient Alleviation of Chronic Inflammatory Diseases
Authors: Zhang Fangke , Du Yawei , Zheng Jiancheng , Cai Zhengwei , Ding Tao , Zhuang Pengzhen , Yang Ding , Liao Fangling , Zhang Yu , Yang Wu , Xiao Yafang , He Weiling , Cui Wenguo , Guo Weisheng
Published: January 2023

Methotrexate (MTX) by oral taking has been employed as the first‐line medication for various chronic inflammatory diseases treatment, such as Crohn's disease and rheumatoid arthritis (RA). However, the oral administration of MTX has very limited clinical benefits and will be discontinued due to the suboptimal response and severe adverse effects on intestinal mucosa. Herein, a multistage albumin nanomedicine depot (denoted as MAND) is formulated by encapsulating MTX‐loaded human serum albumin nanoparticles (MTX@HSA NPs) into calcium alginate chitosan microcapsules using a gas‐shearing technology. The MANDs can provide protection to MTX@HSA NPs with well‐persisted biologic activity against gastric acid erosion and realize specific boost release of MTX@HSA NPs in the intestinal tract in response to the mild basic circumstance. The MTX@HSA NPs absorbed by intestine can selectively accumulate in inflammation lesion by exploiting the inflammation targeting ability of HSA. In the animal experiments, the MANDs show improved therapeutic efficacy for the treatment of both RA and colitis with minimized intestinal side effects in respect to the free MTX by oral administration. Therefore, this conceived oral MANDs can promote a more clinic popularity and enhanced benefits of MTX for the treatment of chronic inflammatory diseases.
Dual Effects of Slow Recrystallization and Defects Passivation Achieve Efficient Tin‐Based Perovskite Solar Cells with Good Stability Up to One Year
Authors: Zheng Chunqiu , Qiu Peng , Zhong Shoudeng , Luo Xinyi , Wu Shengcheng , Wang Qiwei , Gao Jinwei , Lu Xubing , Gao Xingsen , Shui Lingling , Wu Sujuan , Liu Jun‐Ming
Published: January 2023

Tin‐based perovskite solar cells (TPSCs) have become a star candidate in lead‐free perovskite cells due to their excellent optoelectronic properties and low toxicity. However, there are a lot of problems such as uncontrollable crystallizationprocess, easy oxidation of Sn2+ and high defect density have not been completely resolved in TPSCs. Here, the thiourea (TU) and amidine thiourea (ASU) are added into the perovskite precursor to regulate the microstructure, inhibit the oxidation of Sn2+ and promote charge transfer. The characterization results demonstrate that the TU additive can not only improve the micrograph, crystallinity and antioxidant, but also significantly induce recrystallization and passivate trap states. Thus, the TPSCs with TU (TU‐modified TPSCs) show a significantly higher power conversion efficienc (PCE) and better stability than those of the TPSCs with ASU (ASU‐modified PSCs) and reference TPSCs. After stored in N2 atmosphere for 8 months, the unencapsulated TU‐modified PSCs achieve a champion PCE of 10.9% with an open‐circuit voltage of 0.79 V. Furthermore, the unsealed TU‐modified PSCs can maintain 115% of its initial efficiency after stored in N2 atmosphere for one year. This is the longest lifetime of unencapsulated pure TPSCs in N2 atmosphere.
A Novel 3D Li/Li9Al4/Li‐Mg Alloy Anode for Superior Lithium Metal Batteries
Authors: Li Yijuan , Li Junpeng , Xiao Hong , Xie Tangchao , Zheng Weitao , He Jialang , Zhu Hengji , Huang Shaoming
Published: January 2023

Lithium metal has been recognized as the most promising anode material due to its high capacity and low electrode potential. However, the high reactivity, infinite volume variation, and uncontrolled dendrites growth of Li during long‐term cycling severely limit its practical applications. To address these issues, herein, a novel 3D Al/Mg/Li alloy (denoted as AM‐Li) anode is designed and constructed by a facile smelting‐rolling strategy, which improves the surface stability, electrochemical cycling stability, and rate capability in lithium metal batteries. Specifically, the optimized AM‐Li|AM‐Li symmetric cell exhibits low polarization voltage (< 20 mV) and perfect cycling stability at 1 mA cm−2‐1 mAh cm−2 for more than 1600 h. Moreover, the AM‐Li|NCM811 full cell exhibits superior rate capability up to 5 C and excellent cyclability for 100 cycles at 0.5 C with a high capacity retention of 90.8%. The realization of lithium‐poor or lithium‐free anode materials will be a major development trend of anode materials in the future. Therefore, the research shows that the construction of 3D alloy framework is beneficial to improve the cycling stability of Li anodes by suppressing the volume expansion effect and Li dendrite growth, which will promote the further development of lithium‐poor metal anodes.
Harvesting Triplet Excitons in High Mobility Emissive Organic Semiconductor for Efficiency Enhancement of Light‐Emitting Transistors
Authors: Gao Can , Shukla Atul , Gao Haikuo , Miao Zhagen , Zhang Yihan , Wang Pu , Luo Guiwen , Zeng Yi , Wong Wallace W. H. , Smith Trevor A. , Lo Shih‐Chun , Hu Wenping , Namdas Ebinazar B. , Dong Huanli
Published: January 2023

Organic light‐emitting transistors (OLETs), a kind of highly integrated and minimized optoelectronic device, demonstrate great potential applications in various fields. The construction of high‐performance OLETs requires the integration of high charge carrier mobility, strong emission, and high triplet exciton utilization efficiency in the active layer. However, it remains a significant long‐term challenge, especially for single component active layer OLETs. Herein, the successful harvesting of triplet excitons in a high mobility emissive molecule, 2,6‐diphenylanthracene (DPA), through the triplet‐triplet annihilation process is demonstrated. By incorporating a highly emissive guest into the DPA host system, an obvious increase in photoluminescence efficiency along with exciton utilization efficiency results in an obvious enhancement of external quantum efficiency of 7.2 times for OLETs compared to the non‐doped devices. Moreover, well‐tunable multi‐color electroluminescence, especially white emission with Commission Internationale del'Eclairage  of (0.31, 0.35), from OLETs is also achieved by modulating the doping concentration with a controlled energy transfer process. This work opens a new avenue for integrating strong emission and efficient exciton utilization in high‐mobility organic semiconductors for high‐performance OLETs and advancing their related functional device applications.
Inhibiting Formation and Reduction of Li2CO3 to LiCx at Grain Boundaries in Garnet Electrolytes to Prevent Li Penetration
Authors: Biao Jie , Han Bing , Cao Yidan , Li Qidong , Zhong Guiming , Ma Jiabin , Chen Likun , Yang Ke , Mi Jinshuo , Deng Yonghong , Liu Ming , Lv Wei , Kang Feiyu , He Yan‐Bing
Published: January 2023

Poor ion and high electron transport at the grain boundaries (GBs) of ceramic electrolytes are the primary reasons for lithium filament infiltration and short‐circuiting of all‐solid‐state lithium metal batteries (ASLMBs). Herein, it is discovered that Li2CO3 at the GBs of Li7La3Zr2O12 (LLZO) sheets is reduced to highly electron‐conductive LiCx during cycling, resulting in lithium penetration of LLZO. The ionic and electronic conductivity of the GBs within LLZO can be simultaneously tuned using sintered Li3AlF6. The generated LiAlO2 (LAO) infusion and F‐doping at the GBs of LLZO (LAO‐LLZOF) significantly reduce the Li2CO3 content and broaden the energy bandgap of LLZO, which decreases the electronic conductivity of LAO‐LLZOF. LAO forms a 3D continuous ion transport network at the GB that significantly improves the total ionic conductivity. Lithium penetration within LLZO is suppressed and an all‐solid‐state LiFePO4/LAO‐LLZOF/Li battery stably cycled for 5500 cycles at 3 C. This work reveals the chemistry of Li2CO3 at the LLZO GBs during cycling, presents a novel lithium penetration mechanism within garnet electrolytes, and provides an innovative method to simultaneously regulate the ion and electron transport at the GBs in garnet electrodes for advanced ASLMBs.
Bioresponsive Immunotherapeutic Materials
Authors: Han Jinpeng , Sheng Tao , Zhang Yuqi , Cheng Hao , Gao Jianqing , Yu Jicheng , Gu Zhen
Published: January 2023

The human immune system is an interaction network of biological processes, and its dysfunction is closely associated with a wide array of diseases, such as cancer, infectious diseases, tissue damage, and autoimmune diseases. Manipulation of the immune response network in a desired and controlled fashion has been regarded as a promising strategy for maximizing immunotherapeutic efficacy and minimizing side effects. Integration of “smart” bioresponsive materials with immunoactive agents including small molecules, biomacromolecules, and cells can achieve on‐demand release of agents at targeted sites to reduce overdose‐related toxicity and alleviate off‐target effects. This review highlights the design principles of bioresponsive immunotherapeutic materials and discusses the critical roles of controlled release of immunoactive agents from bioresponsive materials in recruiting, housing, and manipulating immune cells for evoking desired immune responses. Challenges and future directions from the perspective of clinical translation are also discussed.
Lattice‐Strain Engineering for Heterogenous Electrocatalytic Oxygen Evolution Reaction
Authors: Hou Zhiqian , Cui Chenghao , Li Yanni , Gao Yingjie , Zhu Deming , Gu Yuanfan , Pan Guoyu , Zhu Yaqiong , Zhang Tao
Published: January 2023

The energy efficiency of metal–air batteries and water‐splitting techniques is severely constrained by multiple electronic transfers in the heterogenous oxygen evolution reaction (OER), and the high overpotential induced by the sluggish kinetics has become an uppermost scientific challenge. Numerous attempts are devoted to enabling high activity, selectivity, and stability via tailoring the surface physicochemical properties of nanocatalysts. Lattice‐strain engineering as a cutting‐edge method for tuning the electronic and geometric configuration of metal sites plays a pivotal role in regulating the interaction of catalytic surfaces with adsorbate molecules. By defining the d‐band center as a descriptor of the structure–activity relationship, the individual contribution of strain effects within state‐of‐the‐art electrocatalysts can be systematically elucidated in the OER optimization mechanism. In this review, the fundamentals of the OER and the advancements of strain‐catalysts are showcased and the innovative trigger strategies are enumerated, with particular emphasis on the feedback mechanism between the precise regulation of lattice‐strain and optimal activity. Subsequently, the modulation of electrocatalysts with various attributes is categorized and the impediments encountered in the practicalization of strained effect are discussed, ending with an outlook on future research directions for this burgeoning field.
Record‐High Work‐Function p‐Type CuBiP2Se6 Atomic Layers for High‐Photoresponse van der Waals Vertical Heterostructure Phototransistor
Authors: He Wei , Kong Lingling , Yu Peng , Yang Guowei
Published: January 2023

The notable lack of intrinsic p‐type 2D layered semiconductors has hindered the engineering of 2D devices for complementary metal oxide semiconductors (CMOSs). Herein, a novel quaternary intrinsic p‐type 2D semiconductor, CuBiP2Se6 atomic layers, is introduced into the 2D family. The semiconductor displays a high work function of 5.26 eV, a moderate hole mobility of 1.72 cm2 V−1 s−1, and an ultrahigh on/off current exceeding 106 at room temperature. To date, 5.26 eV is the highest work‐function recorded in p‐type 2D materials, indicating the ultrastable p‐type behavior of CuBiP2Se6. Additionally, a multilayer graphene/CuBiP2Se6/multilayer graphene (MLG/CBPS/MLG)‐based fully vertical van der Waals heterostructure phototransistor is designed and fabricated. This device exhibits outstanding optoelectronic performance with a responsivity (R) of 4.9 × 104 A W−1, an external quantum efficiency (EQE) of 1.5 × 107%, a detectivity (D) of 1.14 × 1013 Jones, and a broad working wavelength (400–1100 nm), respectively. This is comparable to state‐of‐the‐art 2D devices. Such excellent performance is attributed to the ultrashort transmit length and nondestructive/defect‐free contacts. This leads to faster response speed and eliminates Fermi‐level pinning effects. Moreover, ultrahigh responsivity and detectivity endow the device with applaudable imaging sensing capability. These results make CuBiP2Se6 an ideal p‐type candidate material for next‐generation CMOSs logic devices.
The overview of antimicrobial peptide‐coated implants against oral bacterial infections
Authors: Sun Zhe , Ma Li , Sun Xiaodong , Sloan Alastair J. , O'Brien‐Simpson Neil M. , Li Wenyi
Published: January 2023

Dental implants are the most common therapeutic approach for resolving tooth loss and damage. Despite technical advances in treatment, implant failure rates can be as high as 23% with the major cause of peri‐implantitis: a multi‐species bacterial infection. With an annual growth rate in implant placements of 8.78% per annum, implant failure caused by bacterial infection is a significant oral and general health issue. The rise in antibiotic resistance in oral bacteria further adds pressure to implant failure; thus, there is a need for adjunctive therapy to improve implant outcomes. Due to the broad spectrum of activity and a low risk of inducing bacterial resistance, peptide antibiotics are emerging as a promising implant coating material to reduce/prevent peri‐implantitis and improve dental implant success rates. In this review, we summarised the current strategies of coating antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) onto dental implant material surfaces with multi‐functional properties to enhance osteoblast growth and prevent bacterial infections. This review compared the recent reported literature on dental implant coating with AMPs, which will provide an overview of the current dental implant coating strategies using AMPs and insights for future clinical applications.
Closed‐loop modeling of central and intrinsic cardiac nervous system circuits underlying cardiovascular control
Authors: Gee Michelle M. , Lenhoff Abraham M. , Schwaber James S. , Ogunnaike Babatunde A. , Vadigepalli Rajanikanth
Published: January 2023

The baroreflex is a multi‐input, multi‐output physiological control system that regulates blood pressure by modulating nerve activity between the brainstem and the heart. Existing computational models of the baroreflex do not explicitly incorporate the intrinsic cardiac nervous system (ICN), which mediates central control of heart function. We developed a computational model of closed‐loop cardiovascular control by integrating a network representation of the ICN within central control reflex circuits. We examined central and local contributions to the control of heart rate, ventricular functions, and respiratory sinus arrhythmia (RSA). Our simulations match the experimentally observed relationship between RSA and lung tidal volume. Our simulations predicted the relative contributions of the sensory and the motor neuron pathways to the experimentally observed changes in the heart rate. Our closed‐loop cardiovascular control model is primed for evaluating bioelectronic interventions to treat heart failure and renormalize cardiovascular physiology.
A mathematical modeling approach for supply chain management under disruption and operational uncertainty
Authors: Badejo Oluwadare , Ierapetritou Marianthi
Published: January 2023

In this work, we proposed a two‐stage stochastic programming model for a four‐echelon supply chain problem considering possible disruptions at the nodes (supplier and facilities) as well as the connecting transportation modes and operational uncertainties in form of uncertain demands. The first stage decisions are supplier choice, capacity levels for manufacturing sites and warehouses, inventory levels, transportation modes selection, and shipment decisions for the certain periods, and the second stage anticipates the cost of meeting future demands subject to the first stage decision. Comparing the solution obtained for the two‐stage stochastic model with a multi‐period deterministic model shows that the stochastic model makes a better first stage decision to hedge against the future demand. This study demonstrates the managerial viability of the proposed model in decision making for supply chain network in which both disruption and operational uncertainties are accounted for.
Cross‐sectional and longitudinal comparisons of biomarkers and cognition among asymptomatic middle‐aged individuals with a parental history of either autosomal dominant or late‐onset Alzheimer's disease
Authors: Xiong Chengjie , McCue Lena M. , Buckles Virginia , Grant Elizabeth , Agboola Folasade , Coble Dean , Bateman Randall J. , Fagan Anne M , Benzinger Tammie L. S. , Hassenstab Jason , Schindler Suzanne E. , McDade Eric , Moulder Krista , Gordon Brian A. , Cruchaga Carlos , Day Gregory S. , Ikeuchi Takeshi , Suzuki Kazushi , Allegri Ricardo F. , Vöglein Jonathan , Levin Johannes , Morris John C. ,   and Dominantly Inherited Alzheimer Network (DIAN)
Published: January 2023

Background

Comparisons of late‐onset Alzheimer's disease (LOAD) and autosomal dominant AD (ADAD) are confounded by age.

Methods

We compared biomarkers from cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), magnetic resonance imaging, and amyloid imaging with Pittsburgh Compound‐B (PiB) across four groups of 387 cognitively normal participants, 42 to 65 years of age, in the Dominantly Inherited Alzheimer Network (DIAN) and the Adult Children Study (ACS) of LOAD: DIAN mutation carriers (MCs) and non‐carriers (NON‐MCs), and ACS participants with a positive (FH+) and negative (FH–) family history of LOAD.

Results

At baseline, MCs had the lowest age‐adjusted level of CSF Aβ42 and the highest levels of total and phosphorylated tau‐181, and PiB uptake. Longitudinally, MC had similar increase in PiB uptake to FH+, but drastically faster decline in hippocampal volume than others, and was the only group showing cognitive decline.

Discussion

Preclinical ADAD and LOAD share many biomarker signatures, but cross‐sectional and longitudinal differences may exist.
2D Covalent Organic Framework for Water Harvesting with Fast Kinetics and Low Regeneration Temperature
Authors: Sun Chao , Zhu Yuhao , Shao Pengpeng , Chen Liwei , Huang Xin , Zhao Shuang , Ma Dou , Jing Xuechun , Wang Bo , Feng Xiao
Published: January 2023

Atmospheric water harvesting represents a promising technique to address water stress. Advanced adsorbents have been rationally designed to achieve high water uptake, yet their water sorption kinetics and regeneration temperature greatly limit water production efficiency. Herein, we demonstrated that 2D covalent organic frameworks (COFs), featuring hydrophobic skeleton, proper hydrophilic site density, and 1D open channels significantly lowered the water diffusion and desorption energy barrier. DHTA‐Pa COF showed a high water uptake of 0.48 g/g at 30 % R.H. with a remarkable adsorption rate of 0.72 L/Kg/h (298 K) and a desorption rate of 2.58 L/Kg/h (333 K). Moreover, more than 90 % adsorbed water could be released within 20 min at 313 K. This kinetic performance surpassed the reported porous materials and boosted the efficiency for multiple water extraction cycles. It may shed light on the material design strategy to achieve high daily water production with low‐energy input.
Increasing the firmness of wax‐based oleogels using ternary mixtures of sunflower wax with beeswax:candelilla wax combinations
Authors: Winkler‐Moser Jill K. , Hwang Hong‐Sik , Felker Frederick C. , Byars Jeffrey A. , Peterson Steven C.
Published: January 2023

Oleogels were prepared with 5% wax in soybean oil using mixtures of beeswax (BW) and candelilla wax (CLW) with ratios of 10:90, 30:70, 50:50, and 60:40 BW:CLW, and the same series where 10% of the total wax was substituted with sunflower wax (SFW). The hypothesis that SFW would increase the firmness of the oleogels without affecting the melting properties was tested. Firmness of one‐wax oleogels decreased from SFW > CLW > BW. Oleogels with 50:50 BW:CLW and 60:40 BLW:CLW had equal firmness to pure 5% SFW oleogels. SFW significantly increased oleogel firmness and reduced the softening that occurred between 4°C and 22°C. Increased firmness was also found with rice bran wax and behenyl‐behenate (C44) addition, but not with wax esters with chain lengths ranging from 30 to 40 carbons (C30 to C40). By differential scanning calorimetry, SFW significantly decreased the melting point of oleogels with 10:90 and 30:70 BW:CLW mixtures but significantly increased the melting point of those with 50:50 and 60:40 BW:CLW mixtures. However, the solid fat content melting curves were not significantly influenced by SFW addition. These results indicate that mixed wax oleogels had greater hardness and elasticity, and that the long chain wax esters contributed by SFW helped to improve the strength of oleogels without negatively affecting their melting properties.
Highly conductive polypropylene nanocomposites containing copper nanowire
Authors: Tsai Chia‐Ying , Mullins Michael J. , Chang Chao‐Shun , Sue Hung‐Jue
Published: January 2023

Highly thermally and electrically conductive polypropylene (PP) nanocomposites were prepared by incorporating high‐aspect‐ratio copper nanowires (CuNW). Surface treatment of the CuNW was important for dispersion and compatibility. A CuNW network was first embedded in a PP matrix, followed by removal of the protective layer on CuNW. At a volume fraction of 2.5%, the thermal conductivity was enhanced by 234% compared to the neat PP. The electrical conductivity significantly increased to 500 S/cm, which is 16 orders of magnitude greater than the neat PP. This PP nanocomposite is attractive for housings for electronic devices and antistatic packaging.
In situ nanofibrillar composite fiber: A model system for understanding the structural evolution of crosslinked nanofibrils
Authors: Wang Jicheng , Zhang Luotao , Hu Haibin , Li Jiawei , Qi Dongming
Published: January 2023

In situ formed nanofibrils, which are formed from the deformation of dispersed phase polymer during the shearing/stretching process, offer exciting opportunities for large scale manufacture of materials with high strength and toughness. However, how the topological structure, especially crosslinking network structure of dispersed phase polymer, affects the structural evolution of nano/microfibrils is remaining unclear. Here, the nanofibrillar morphology of nanofibrillar composite fibers is manipulated via controlling the crosslinking network structure of dispersed phase. By changing the length of crosslinker and mol ratio of crosslinkers, the diameter of nanofibrils can be controlled. The rheological property of the crosslinked microspheres and corresponding morphology of in situ formed nanofibrils confirm that the inhomogeneous crosslinking network shows lower storage modulus and consistency coefficient, leading to higher deformation adaptability of crosslinking network and smaller diameter of the nanofibrils. The distribution of nanofibrils along the axial direction of composite fiber greatly improved the tensile strength and toughness of composite fiber to 74 MPa and 719 MJ/m3, which are 45% and 180% increasement compared with the counterpart pure PMMA fiber. The findings in current study provide a new strategy to control the nanofibrillar morphology by increasing the heterogeneity of crosslinking network structure of the dispersed phase polymer.
Synthesis and characterization of amorphous fluorinated polyarylether prepared from phenolphthalein and decafluorobiphenyl
Authors: Wang Linlin , Qu Minjie , Wang Zhipeng , Wang Honghua , Zhao Jiyong , Zhou Guangyuan
Published: January 2023

Poly(arylene ether)s with different molecular weights were synthesized via a two‐step nucleophilic substitution polymerization by adjusting reaction parameters based on phenolphthalein (PHT) and decafluorobiphenyl (DFBP). The chemical structures and properties were identified by Fourier transform infrared, NMR, gel permeation chromatography, differential scanning calorimetry, thermogravimetric analysis, dynamic thermomechanical analysis (DMA), and so forth. The number‐average molecular weight (Mn) of the resulting polymers was in the range of 23.0–49.3KDa. FPAEs (polyarylether including perfluorobiphenyl structure) were demonstrated to have outstanding thermo‐resistance with 5% weight loss temperature of about 482–520°C (N2) and high‐glass transition temperature (about 240–250°C). FPAEs can be dissolved in conventional organic solvents, possessing excellent film‐forming properties. The good mechanical properties of FPAEs were confirmed by the DMA data, with Young's modulus greater than 1.0 Gpa and modulus retention rate at 230°C >67%. FPAEs also showed good hydrophobicity and low‐water absorption, in particular, FPAE‐1 (FPAE‐1‐5 were the polycondensation products of PHT and DFBP, just the polymerization conditions were slightly modified) exhibited favorable dielectric properties: at 1 MHz, the dielectric constant and dielectric loss was 2.58 and 0.0053, respectively. Thus, FPAE‐1 has broad prospective applications in microelectronic devices and communication technology.
A methodology for the self‐training and self‐assessing of new GPR practitioners: Measuring diagnostic proficiency illustrated by a case study of a historic African‐American cemetery for unmarked graves
Authors: Martin Jacob Michael , Everett Mark E.
Published: January 2023

In ground penetrating radar (GPR) surveys of African‐American cemeteries suspected to contain unmarked graves, determining the proficiency of a new GPR practitioner is vital and perhaps even more fundamental than that of the GPR hardware, deployment configuration and software. Proficiency may be defined as the practitioner's true‐positive, true‐negative, false‐positive (i.e., false alarms) and false‐negative (i.e., misses) percentages. We embarked on this research as a means to improve our own proficiency in unmarked grave detection and to develop an algorithm by which to improve the proficiency of any new GPR practitioner. After surveying the Salem Cemetery in Brazos County, TX, and the Old Danville‐Shepherd Hill Cemetery in Montgomery County, TX, we first classified subsurface targets based on in‐field, visual inspection of the real‐time, onscreen, unprocessed (except for an automatic gain control) GPR B‐scans. We then developed a proxy for ground‐truthing that allowed us to calculate the proficiency of the in‐field classifications. From this proxy, we established a quantitative prevalence threshold for identifying or rejecting a subsurface object as a target of interest. Its quantitative nature allowed us to quantitatively control and adjust that threshold, a threshold we set at 70% likely to be to a specific target of interest. We show that our classification accuracy increased from 66.2% at the Salem Cemetery to 75.0% at the Old Danville‐Shepherd Hill Cemetery and, through use of diagnostic evaluations originally developed for medical imaging and herein applied to geophysics, showed that the accuracy improved due to increases in true‐negative classifications, that is, in examining real‐time, onscreen, mostly unprocessed GPR B‐scans, discerning a potential target and correctly concluding it was not an unmarked grave. This research outlines the procedure we developed to measure the proficiency of a new GPR practitioner.
Lewis Acids Activated Spontaneous Alternating Copolymerization of Maleic Anhydride and Styrene Derivatives
Authors: Li Shihui , Cai Ling , Cui Dongmei
Published: January 2023

Synthesis of maleic anhydride (MA) and styrene (St) copolymers possessing ultra‐high molecular weight, strictly alternating regularity and high glass transition temperature simultaneously is still an issure with great challenge. Herein, the spontaneous alternating copolymerization of MA and St derivatives were investigated by using various Lewis acids. In the presence of alkyl aluminum or butyl magnesium, the MA−St alternating copolymers with ultra‐high molecular weight (Mn≤166.5×104) and high glass transition temperature (211 °C≤Tg≤216 °C) were produced and the microstructure of MA−St copolymers were analyzed by 1H and 13C NMR spectra. The copolymerizations of MA with St derivatives, including divinylbenzene, p‐butenyl styrene, p‐methoxystyrene, trans‐anethole, p‐fluorostyrene and p‐chlorostyrene, also were explored by using AlOctyl3 as an activator in toluene at 50 °C.
Understanding the Organometallic Step: SO2 Insertion into Bi(III)−C(Ph) Bond
Authors: Wong Wing Hei Marco , Guo Xueying , Chan Hok Tsun , Yang Tilong , Lin Zhenyang
Published: January 2023

Heavier main‐group element‐catalyzed reactions provide an increasingly attractive tool to perform transformations mimicking the behaviors of transition metal catalysts. Recently, Magre and Cornella reported a Bi‐catalyzed synthesis of aryl sulfonyl fluorides, which involves a fundamental organometallic step of SO2 insertion into the Bi−Ph bond. Our theoretical studies reveal that i) the ability of hypervalent coordination of the Bi(III) center allows facile coordination sphere expansion for the SO2 coordination via one oxygen atom; and ii) the high polarity of the Bi−Ph bond makes the Ph migration from the Bi(III) center feasible. These features enable the heavier main group element to resemble the transition metal having flexibility for ligand association and dissociation. Furthermore, iii) the available π electron pair of the migrating Ph group stabilizes the SO2 insertion transition state by maintaining interaction with the Bi(III) center during migration. The insight helps us better understand the heavier main‐group catalysis.
The opposing impacts of advice use on perceptions of competence
Authors: Palmeira Mauricio , Romero Lopez Marisabel
Published: January 2023

We examine the impact of advice use on perceptions of competence. We propose that advice use sends opposing signals to an advisor regarding the advisee's competence. Greater advice use signals respect for the advisor, which is reciprocated by enhancing competence perceptions. However, greater advice use also indicates a lack of independence in judgment, reducing perceptions of competence. As a result, as advice use increases (i.e., gets closer to the exact advice provided), perceptions of competence first increase but then decrease. We further argue that the impact of advice use on competence is influenced by perceptions of information accessibility, such that when advisor and advisee have access to the same information, lower reliance on advice is more tolerated and less impactful on competence. We show that this effect is conceptually and empirically distinct from advisor's confidence and subsequent preference for advice use.
Agreement between maternal report and medical records on use of medications during early pregnancy in New York
Authors: Howley Meredith M. , Fisher Sarah C. , Fuentes Margueritta A. , Werler Martha M. , Tracy Melissa , Browne Marilyn L. ,   the Birth Defects Study To Evaluate Pregnancy ExposureS
Published: January 2023

Background

Studies evaluating associations between medication use in pregnancy and birth outcomes rely on various sources of exposure information. We sought to assess agreement between self‐reported use of medications during early pregnancy and medication information in prenatal medical records to understand the reliability of each of these information sources.

Methods

We compared self‐reported prescription medication use in early pregnancy to medical records from 184 New York women with deliveries in 2018 who participated in the Birth Defects Study To Evaluate Pregnancy exposureS. We assessed medications used chronically and episodically, and medications within 12 therapeutic groups. We calculated agreement using kappa (κ) coefficients, sensitivity, and specificity. We assessed differences by case/control status, maternal age, education, time to interview, and interview language.

Results

Medications used chronically showed substantial agreement between self‐report and medical records (κ = 0.75, 0.61–0.88), with agreement for therapeutic groups used chronically ranging from κ = 0.61 for antidiabetics to κ = 1.00 for antihypertensives. Prescription medications used episodically showed worse agreement (κ = 0.40, 0.25–0.54), with the lowest agreement for opioid analgesics (κ = 0.20) and anti‐infectives (κ = 0.33). Agreement did not differ by the characteristics examined, although we observed potential differences by interview language.

Conclusions

Among our sample, we observed good agreement between self‐report and medical records for medications used chronically and substantially less agreement for medications used episodically. Differences by source may be due to poor recall in self‐reports, non‐adherence with prescribed medications and lack of complete prescription information within medical records. Limitations should be considered when assessing prescription medication exposures during early pregnancy in epidemiologic studies.
In vitro modeling of liver fibrosis with 3D co‐culture system using a novel human hepatic stellate cell line
Authors: Lee Ho‐Joon , Mun Seon Ju , Jung Cho‐Rok , Kang Hyun‐Mi , Kwon Jae‐Eun , Ryu Jae‐Sung , Ahn Hyo‐Suk , Kwon Ok‐Seon , Ahn Jiwon , Moon Kyung‐Sik , Son Myung Jin , Chung Kyung‐Sook
Published: January 2023

Hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) play an important role in liver fibrosis; however, owing to the heterogeneity and limited supply of primary HSCs, the development of in vitro liver fibrosis models has been impeded. In this study, we established and characterized a novel human HSC line (LSC‐1), and applied it to various types of three‐dimensional (3D) co‐culture systems with differentiated HepaRG cells. Furthermore, we compared LSC‐1 with a commercially available HSC line on conventional monolayer culture. LSC‐1 exhibited an overall upregulation of the expression of fibrogenic genes along with increased levels of matrix and adhesion proteins, suggesting a myofibroblast‐like or transdifferentiated state. However, activated states reverted to a quiescent‐like phenotype when cultured in different 3D culture formats with a relatively soft microenvironment. Additionally, LSC‐1 exerted an overall positive effect on co‐cultured differentiated HepaRG, which significantly increased hepatic functionality upon long‐term cultivation compared with that achieved with other HSC line. In 3D spheroid culture, LSC‐1 exhibited enhanced responsiveness to transforming growth factor beta 1 exposure that is caused by a different matrix‐related protein expression mechanism. Therefore, the LSC‐1 line developed in this study provides a reliable candidate model that can be used to address unmet needs, such as development of antifibrotic therapies.
New organic ionic plastic crystals based on pyrrolidinium dication for a solid‐phase electrolyte
Authors: Shin Jong Chan , Kim Tae Young , Kim Hwi Jung , Choi U Hyeok , Park Ho Seok , Lee Minjae
Published: January 2023

A series of 1,4‐bis(N‐alkylpyrrolidinium)butane salts combined with Br−, I−, PF6−, and Tf2N− anions were newly designed and synthesized. In nonpolar CDCl3 solution, the axial and equatorial proton peaks of the bis‐pyrrolidinium cation ring are distinguished in 1H NMR. Also, the strengths of ion paring could be estimated from the 1H NMR chemical shift changes of the bridge and pyrrolidinium proton peaks. 1,4‐Bis(N‐hepthylpyrrolidinium)butane I− is an organic ionic plastic crystal showing the lowest fusion entropy value (ΔSf = 3.4 J K·mol−1). Softer crystalline morphologies were found by polarized optical microscope images at plastic crystal phase of each sample and the results were corresponding to differential scanning calorimetry results. 1,4‐Bis(N‐ethylpyrrolidinium)butane Tf2N− showed the softest crystal phase. Ionic conductivity changes and electrochemical stabilities of the bis‐pyrrolidinium PF6− and Tf2N− salts were also measured, and they were stable up to 4.3 V (vs. Li/Li+) and expected to be applied as an electrolyte component.
The power of the CEO and environmental decoupling
Authors: Gull Ammar Ali , Hussain Nazim , Khan Sana Akbar , Mushtaq Rizwan , Orij René
Published: January 2023

This paper examines the impact of the power of the chief executive officer (CEO) on environmental decoupling. We define environmental decoupling as a gap between firm's claims about the environmental sustainability and actual environmental sustainability performance. Based on the managerial power theory, we argue that powerful managers are more involved in environmental decoupling and use environmental reporting in a more opportunistic manner than their less powerful peers. We analyse a dataset of 4576 firm‐year observations of US‐listed firms for the period 2002–2017. We find that powerful CEOs decouple firm's environmental performance from environmental reporting. These findings are robust to a battery of analyses and show that powerful CEOs do not show true commitment towards corporate environmental sustainability. The results provide important implications for investors, policymakers and fund managers. Useful future research recommendations are also provided to guide the research in the domain of environmental sustainability.
Developing global supplier competences for supply chain sustainability: The effects of institutional pressures on certification adoption
Authors: Pereira Michele M. O. , Silva Minelle E. , Hendry Linda C.
Published: January 2023

Due to institutional pressures faced by companies in their business environment, this paper investigates how sustainability certification adoption affects global suppliers' competences. Using multiple case studies, managers of 20 export‐oriented firms were interviewed, and secondary data were collected and analysed through inductive content analysis. Findings show normative and mimetic pressures as central for sustainability implementation by coffee suppliers. Additionally, we found that as a result of suppliers' sustainability improvement in their own operations, during the certification adoption, new competences emerged going beyond the triple bottom line dimensions, including improvements in aspects of institutional dimension of sustainability. In contrast to previous research in supply chain sustainability that emphasises coercive pressures, this paper demonstrates the role of normative and mimetic institutional pressures in developing new supplier competences. In doing so, we draw on the role of certification adoption in influencing global suppliers and hence sustainability throughout the supply chain.
From linear to a circular economy in the e‐waste management sector: Experience from the transition barriers in the United Kingdom
Authors: Sundar Damini , Mathiyazhagan Kaliyan , Agarwal Vernika , Janardhanan Mukund , Appolloni Andrea
Published: January 2023

E‐waste generation is rising apace, and it is estimated that e‐waste production could reach 74.7 Mt by 2030. Hence, it is essential to develop tactics and methodologies for the formal management and treatment of e‐waste. The implementation of the concepts of a circular economy (CE) has been perceived as an efficient methodology for the efficacious management of such waste; however, the transition process from the linear economy to CE still involves several barriers. There are only a few studies that have integrated the concept of CE with e‐waste management for sustainability. This study will focus on the UK's household e‐waste management sector to identify and analyze the key barriers that impede the transition of the UK's e‐waste management sector to the CE model. For this purpose, a team of experts was formulated and their expertise was captured using the Decision‐making trial and evaluation laboratory (DEMATEL) methodology. The DEMATEL technique employs critical evaluation principles, measures the weights of the evaluation criteria, and helps in finding the most critical barriers through a visual structural model. The DEMATEL method also categorizes the factors into cause‐and‐effect groups and utilizes a visualization model to simplify the interdependence and intensity of the impacts of the various factors. The results revealed that the “Lack of processing technologies,” “Lack of returns and profits,” “Lack of expert knowledge,” “Lack of effective guidance and standards for the proper collection methods,” and “Lack of proper knowledge” are the most significant barriers obstructing the adoption of CE in the management of e‐waste in the United Kingdom. Thus, the government needs to take strong actions to give financial support in terms of incentives to the stakeholders for effective e‐waste handling.
5‐step approach for initiating remanufacturing (5AFIR)
Authors: Vogt Duberg Johan , Kurilova‐Palisaitiene Jelena , Sundin Erik
Published: January 2023

Despite remanufacturing being a value‐retention process capable of bringing both economic and environmental benefits to original equipment manufacturers (OEMs), the remanufacturing market is small, and the OEM share on the market is even smaller. There are trends in OEMs hesitating to initiate remanufacturing due to the lack of knowledge or often unjustified assumptions about how remanufacturing affects their business‐as‐usual. To further motivate OEMs to initiate remanufacturing, there is a need to extend the remanufacturing initiation theory to showcase how remanufacturing could be initiated in practice. Therefore, this paper aims to describe a remanufacturing initiation and demonstrate the initiation steps for OEMs by developing a remanufacturing initiation framework. The framework is developed based on a remanufacturing initiation led by an OEM of robotic lawn mowers. Based on the case study, a 5‐step approach for initiating remanufacturing (5AFIR) framework—the remanufacturing sapphire—was developed to interpret and visualise the remanufacturing approach taken at the studied OEM. The framework steps consist of the following: (1) Select a product family, (2) involve actors prone to be impacted by remanufacturing, (3) iteratively identify prerequisites and assess the system performance, (4) develop a plan and industrialise remanufacturing, and (5) refine and validate the assessment in Step 3.
Identification of 2‐Methylthio‐methylenethio‐N6‐(cis‐4‐hydroxyisopentenyl)adenosine (msms2io6A37) as a Novel Modification at Adenosine 37 of tRNAs from Salmonella typhimurium
Authors: Libiad Marouane , Douki Thierry , Fontecave Marc , Atta Mohamed
Published: January 2023

Post‐transcriptional modifications of tRNA nucleotide are important determinants in folding, structure and function. We have successfully identified and characterized a new modified base named 2‐methylthio‐methylenethio‐N6‐(cis‐4‐hydroxyisopentenyl)adenosine, which is present at position 37 in some tRNAs. We also showed that this new modified adenosine is derived from the known 2‐methylthio‐methylenethio‐N6‐(isopentenyl)adenosine nucleoside by a catalytic cycle of the tRNA‐diiron monooxygenase, MiaE, present in Salmonella typhimurium.
Timing of sedation and patient‐reported pain outcomes during cardiac catheterization: Results from the UNTAP‐intervention study
Authors: Mall Anna , Girton T. Andrew , Yardley Kevin , Ronn Meghan , Cross Elinore , Smith Patrick J. , Rossman Paige , McEwen Tiffany , Ohman E. Magnus , Jones W. Schuyler , Granger Bradi B.
Published: January 2023

Background

Invasive cardiac catheterization (CC) temporarily increases pain, discomfort, and anxiety. Procedural sedation is deployed to mitigate these symptoms, though practice varies. Research evaluating peri‐procedural patient‐reported outcomes is lacking.

Methods and Results

We randomized 175 patients undergoing CC to short interval ([SI] group, <6 min) or long interval ([LI] group, ≥6 min) time intervals between initial intravenous sedation and local anesthetic administration. Outcomes included: (1) total pain medication use, (2) patient‐reported and behaviorally assessed pain and (3) patient satisfaction during outpatient CC. Generalized linear mixed effect models were used to evaluate the impact of treatment time interval on total medication utilization, pain, and satisfaction. Among enrollees the mean age was 62 (standard deviation [SD] = 13.4), a majority were male (66%), white (74%), and overweight (mean body mass index = 28.5 [SD = 5.6]). Total pain medication use did not vary between treatment groups (p = 0.257), with no difference in total fentanyl(p = 0.288) or midazolam (p = 0.292). Post‐treatment pain levels and nurse‐observed pain were not statistically significant between groups (p = 0.324 &p = 0.656, respectively. No significant differences with satisfaction with sedation were found between the groups (p = 0.95) Patient‐reported pain, satisfaction and nurse‐observed measures of pain did not differ, after adjustment for demographic and procedural factors. Analyses of treatment effect modification revealed that postprocedure self‐reported pain levels varied systematically between individuals undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) (SI = 2.2 [0.8, 3.6] vs. LI = 0.7 [−0.6, 2.0]) compared with participants not undergoing PCI (SI = 0.4 [−0.8, 1.7] vs. LI = 0.7 [−0.3, 1.6]) (p = 0.043 for interaction).

Conclusion

No consistent treatment differences were found for total medication dose, pain, or satisfaction regardless of timing between sedation and local anesthetic. Treatment moderations were seen for patients undergoing PCI. Further investigation of how procedural and individual factors impact the patient experience during CC is needed.