bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Dolphin whistles can be useful tools in identifying units of conservation
Authors: Papale Elena B. , Azzolin Marta A. , Cascão Irma , Gannier Alexandre , Lammers Marc O. , Martin Vidal M. , Oswald Julie N. , Perez-Gil Monica , Prieto Rui , Silva Mónica A. , Torri Marco , Giacoma Cristina
Published: July 2021

Background

Prioritizing groupings of organisms or ‘units’ below the species level is a critical issue for conservation purposes. Several techniques encompassing different time-frames, from genetics to ecological markers, have been considered to evaluate existing biological diversity at a sufficient temporal resolution to define conservation units. Given that acoustic signals are expressions of phenotypic diversity, their analysis may provide crucial information on current differentiation patterns within species. Here, we tested whether differences previously delineated within dolphin species based on i) geographic isolation, ii) genetics regardless isolation, and iii) habitat, regardless isolation and genetics, can be detected through acoustic monitoring. Recordings collected from 104 acoustic encounters ofStenella coeruleoalba, Delphinus delphisandTursiops truncatusin the Azores, Canary Islands, the Alboran Sea and the Western Mediterranean basin between 1996 and 2012 were analyzed. The acoustic structure of communication signals was evaluated by analyzing parameters of whistles in relation to the known genetic and habitat-driven population structure.

Results

Recordings from the Atlantic and Mediterranean were accurately assigned to their respective basins of origin through Discriminant Function Analysis, with a minimum 83.8% and a maximum 93.8% classification rate. A parallel pattern between divergence in acoustic features and in the genetic and ecological traits within the basins was highlighted through Random Forest analysis. Although it is not yet possible to establish a causal link between each driver and acoustic differences between basins, we showed that signal variation reflects fine-scale diversity and may be used as a proxy for recognizing discrete units.

Conclusion

We recommend that acoustic analysis be included in assessments of delphinid population structure, together with genetics and ecological tracer analysis. This cost-efficient non-invasive method can be applied to uncover distinctiveness and local adaptation in other wide-ranging marine species.
The impact of partisan politics on migration policies: the case of healthcare provision for refugees by German states
Authors: Günther Wolfgang , Kurrek Dennis , Töller Annette Elisabeth
Published: July 2021

Comparative migration policy research has increasingly dealt with the question of whether partisan differences in government can explain differences between migration policies. The empirical findings, however, for both, European states and states of the USA, are inconsistent as governing parties’ positions on integration policies do not in all cases explain the differences in migration legislation. This article investigates the conditions under which German states opt for a permissive model of healthcare provision for asylum seekers as an alternative to the existing restrictive bureaucratic model. Using a fuzzy-set qualitative comparative analysis (fsQCA), we find that a left-of-center state government is a necessary condition for the introduction of the alternative model. Full cost reimbursement by the state is the sufficient condition, i.e. the permissive alternative model is fully implemented only in those states with a left-of-center state government and where municipalities do not bear the risk of potentially higher costs for healthcare provision. With this unambiguous partisan effect, this article represents an important contribution to the international debate.
The mediating role of emotion regulation strategies in the relationship between family of origin violence and intimate partner violence
Authors: Orozco-Vargas Arturo Enrique , Venebra-Muñoz Arturo , Aguilera-Reyes Ulises , García-López Georgina Isabel
Published: July 2021

The effects of family of origin violence and intimate partner violence have been extensively documented; however, very few studies have examined the interaction with emotion regulation strategies. Thus, the objective of this research was to analyze whether different types of emotion regulation strategies, both adaptive and maladaptive, mediate the relationship between family of origin violence and intimate partner violence in the Mexican population. A total of 838 participants (45.9% men and 54.1% women) responded to instruments addressing family of origin violence, emotion regulation strategies, and intimate partner violence. The results revealed that both structural models were significant. For women, the model showed an adequate fit X2 (11, N = 838) = 22.75, p = .288, GFI = .95, AGFI = .91, NFI = .98, CFI = .97, RMSEA = .05. Likewise, we found similar indexes for men X2 (11, N = 838) = 28.20, p = .348, GFI = .97, AGFI = .93, NFI = .97, CFI = .95, RMSEA = .04. Specifically, the direct effects of adaptive strategies on intimate partner violence were statistically significant. Meanwhile, the direct effects of family of origin violence on maladaptive emotion regulation strategies were significant, as were the direct effects of maladaptive strategies on intimate partner violence. In turn, the indirect effects of family of-origin violence were significantly related to intimate partner violence via maladaptive emotion regulation strategies. In addition, the results clearly showed that men reported higher levels of aggression against women. Finally, regarding the selection of emotion regulation strategies, while women employed more adaptive emotion regulation, men showed a more definite tendency to use maladaptive emotion regulation.
Matrix 3D ultrasound-assisted thyroid nodule volume estimation and radiofrequency ablation: a phantom study
Authors: Boers T. , Braak S. J. , Versluis M. , Manohar S.
Published: July 2021

Background

Two-dimensional (2D) ultrasound is well established for thyroid nodule assessment and treatment guidance. However, it is hampered by a limited field of view and observer variability that may lead to inaccurate nodule classification and treatment. To cope with these limitations, we investigated the use of real-time three-dimensional (3D) ultrasound to improve the accuracy of volume estimation and needle placement during radiofrequency ablation. We assess a new 3D matrix transducer for nodule volume estimation and image-guided radiofrequency ablation.

Methods

Thirty thyroid nodule phantoms with thermochromic dye underwent volume estimation and ablation guided by a 2D linear and 3D mechanically-swept array and a 3D matrix transducer.

Results

The 3D matrix nodule volume estimations had a lower median difference with the ground truth (0.4 mL) compared to the standard 2D approach (2.2 mL, p < 0.001) and mechanically swept 3D transducer (2.0 mL, p = 0.016). The 3D matrix-guided ablation resulted in a similar nodule ablation coverage when compared to 2D-guidance (76.7% versus 80.8%, p = 0.542). The 3D mechanically swept transducer performed worse (60.1%, p = 0.015). However, 3D matrix and 2D guidance ablations lead to a larger ablated volume outside the nodule than 3D mechanically swept (5.1 mL, 4.2 mL (p = 0.274), 0.5 mL (p < 0.001), respectively). The 3D matrix and mechanically swept approaches were faster with 80 and 72.5 s/mL ablated than 2D with 105.5 s/mL ablated.

Conclusions

The 3D matrix transducer estimates volumes more accurately and can facilitate accurate needle placement while reducing procedure time.
The optimization of ultrasonic-microwave assisted synergistic extraction of Lotus plumule extract rich in flavonoids and its hypoglycemic activity
Authors: Li Qiuzhe , Li Xiaoqing , Zheng Baodong , Zhao Chao
Published: July 2021

Lotus (Nelumbo nucifera Gaertn), a kind of perennial aquatic plant, is widely cultivated and consumed by people in Asian countries. Lotus plumule flavonoids (LPF) have been recognized as a hypoglycemic agent. LPF was optimally obtained using novel ultrasonic-microwave assisted synergistic extraction (UMSE) method by response surface methodology (RSM) on the basis of the results of single-factor experiments. Furthermore, the hypoglycemic activity of LPF was investigated by measuring the body weight, fasting blood glucose (FBG) level, and oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) and analyzing the physiological indexes in streptozotocin-diabetic mice model. The optimum extraction conditions consisted of microwave power 355 W, ultrasonic power 423 W, extraction time 15 min, solid-liquid ratio 1:40, ultrasound/interval time 1/0, and ethanol concentration 70% with the maximum LPF yield of 2.62%. LPF supplementation significantly decreased the body weight, FBG, OGTT, serum total cholesterol (TC), serum total triglycerides (TG), and insulin levels, indicating the antidiabetic activity of LPF. This research verified that the UMSE technique was highly efficient to extract LPF to the maximum extent and the flavonoids from L. plumule exhibited hypoglycemic activity, which showed broad development and application prospects.
Radio-laboratory findings in COVID-19 anosmia patients: a single-center experience
Authors: Algarf Tareq Muhammad , Youssef Mahmoud Atef , Elshazly Mostafa , Ismail Mohamed Said , Hasswa Mohamed Kamal , Mousa Mohamed Shaaban
Published: July 2021

Background

There is solid evidence that olfactory dysfunction (OD) can present in COVID-19 patients. Anosmia can be the only presentation or can be accompanied by other symptoms of COVID-19. Multiple cross-sectional studies have demonstrated that the incidence rate of olfactory dysfunction is high in COVID-19 patients with good prognosis. The aim of our study is to investigate the presence of OD with the radiologic and laboratory findings among COVID-19 positive patients.

Results

There was statistical significance in clinical severity between anosmia and non-anosmia group (P value 0.000) denoting that anosmia sign mostly occur in mild COVID. Also, there was significance in D dimer between two groups (P value 0.044) denoting that D dimer could be a sign of clinical severity and it is usually not elevated in anosmia. All anosmia group had normal CT chest denoting that it is a mild form of COVID-19.

Conclusions

Olfactory dysfunction (OD) is an imminent sign of COVID-19 patient, which can be presented as a sole symptom or with other symptoms. As anosmia could be the sole clinical presentation of COVID-19 patients without any other significant signs and so otolaryngologists should be aware of this presentation in COVID-19 diagnosis.
Washington Consensus in Latin America: From Raw Model to Straw Man
Authors: Goldfajn Ilan , Martínez Lorenza , Valdés Rodrigo O.
Published: July 2021

We take stock of three decades of a love–hate relationship between Latin American policies and the Washington Consensus, reviewing its implementation, national debate, and outcomes. Using regional data and case studies of Brazil, Chile, and Mexico, we discuss the various degrees of the Washington Consensus implementation and evaluate performance. We find mixed results: macroeconomic stability is much improved, but economic growth has been heterogeneous and generally disappointing, despite improvement relative to the 1980s. We discuss the risk that the region could revert parts of the Washington Consensus reforms, which are necessary building blocks for a new agenda more focused on social integration, a fairer and just society, and environmentally sustainable growth based on better education.
The Great Unequalizer: Initial Health Effects of COVID-19 in the United States
Authors: Alsan Marcella , Chandra Amitabh , Simon Kosali
Published: July 2021

We measure inequities from the COVID-19 pandemic on mortality and hospitalizations in the United States during the early months of the outbreak. We discuss challenges in measuring health outcomes and health inequality, some of which are specific to COVID-19 and others that complicate attribution during most large health shocks. As in past epidemics, preexisting biological and social vulnerabilities profoundly influenced the distribution of disease. In addition to the elderly, Hispanic, Black and Native American communities were disproportionately affected by the virus, particularly when assessed using the years of potential life lost metric. We provide a conceptual framework and initial empirical analysis that seek to shed light on contributors to pandemic-related health inequality, and we suggest areas for future research.
Some Thoughts on the Washington Consensus and Subsequent Global Development Experience
Authors: Spence Michael
Published: July 2021

This paper discusses the Washington Consensus, its origins, and its insights in terms of subsequent development experience in a broad range of countries. I continue to find that when properly interpreted as a guide to the formulation of country-specific development strategies, the Washington Consensus has withstood the test of time quite well. In my view, subsequent experience, especially in Asia, reveals a number of places where a shift in emphasis would be warranted. Finally, I try to identify some misuses of the Washington Consensus and suggest that it was vulnerable to misuse due to the absence of an accompanying and explicit development model.
The challenge of prostate biopsy guidance in the era of mpMRI detected lesion: ultrasound-guided versus in-bore biopsy
Authors: Jager Auke , Vilanova Joan C , Michi Massimo , Wijkstra Hessel , Oddens Jorg R
Published: July 2021

The current recommendation in patients with a clinical suspicion for prostate cancer is to perform systematic biopsies extended with targeted biopsies, depending on mpMRI results. Following a positive mpMRI [i.e. Prostate Imaging Reporting and Data System (PI-RADS) ≥3], three targeted biopsy approaches can be performed: visual registration of the MRI images with real-time ultrasound imaging; software-assisted fusion of the MRI images and real-time ultrasound images, and in-bore biopsy within the MR scanner. This collaborative review discusses the advantages and disadvantages of each targeting approach and elaborates on future developments. Cancer detection rates seem to mostly depend on practitioner experience and selection criteria (biopsy naïve, previous negative biopsy, prostate-specific antigen (PSA) selection criteria, presence of a lesion on MRI), and to a lesser extent dependent on biopsy technique. There is no clear consensus on the optimal targeting approach. The choice of technique depends on local experience and availability of equipment, individual patient characteristics, and onsite cost-benefit analysis. Innovations in imaging techniques and software-based algorithms may lead to further improvements in this field.
Role of multiparametric MRI in long-term surveillance following focal laser ablation of prostate cancer
Authors: Paxton Mark , Barbalat Eitan , Perlis Nathan , Menezes Ravi J , Gertner Mark , Dragas David , Haider Masoom A , Finelli Antonio , Trachtenberg John , Ghai Sangeet
Published: July 2021

Objective:

Determine the multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging (mpMRI) appearance of the prostate following focal laser ablation (FLA) for PCa and to identify imaging characteristics associated with recurrent disease.

Methods:

Retrospective analysis of patients who underwent FLA for low-intermediate risk PCa between 2010 and 2014 was performed. Early (median 4 months) and late mpMRI (median 49 months) follow-up were qualitatively assessed for T  2-weighted, dynamic contrast enhanced (DCE) and diffusion weighted imaging (DWI) appearances and also compared to corresponding PSA values and biopsy results.

Results:

55 cancers were treated in 54 men (mean age 61.0 years). Early mpMRI was performed in 30 (54.5%) patients while late follow-up mpMRI in 42 (84%). Ill-defined scarring with and without atrophy at the treatment site were the most common appearances. In patients with paired MRI and biopsy, one of four patients with clinically significant PCa on biopsy (≥GG2 or≥6 mm GG1) showed hyperenhancement or restricted diffusion at early follow-up. At late follow-up, positive biopsies were seen in 5/8 (63%) cases with hyperenhancement and 5/6 (83%) cases with restricted diffusion at the treatment site. PSA change was not associated with biopsy results at either time point.

Conclusion:

mpMRI is able to document the morphological and temporal changes following focal therapy. It has limited ability to detect recurrent disease in early months following treatment. Late-term mpMRI is sensitive at identifying patients with recurrent disease. Small sample size is, however, a limitation of the study.

Advances in knowledge:

Implementing MRI in follow-up after FT may be useful in predicting residual or recurrent PCa and therefore provide reliable outcome data.
Post-Pandemic Recovery and Sustainable Growth in the EU: A Post-Keynesian Approach
Authors: Emmanouil-Kalos Alkinoos
Published: July 2021

Once again, the EMU faces an economic crisis, this time caused by the Covid-19 pandemic. To avoid the mistakes of the insufficient response to the global financial crisis, it is vital that this time the focus will turn on achieving fast, sustainable recovery, instead of contractionary measures that would hinder recovery and long-term growth. This paper briefly presents the basic elements of the Post-Keynesian / Post-Kaleckian framework of analysis for the economic regimes. The concept of the wage-led and profit-led regimes is addressed, based on which it can be assessed what kind of policies are needed in an economy to promote sustainable, long-term growth. As the relevant literature finds that the Euro Area as a whole and most of the Eurozone members are wage-led, it is concluded that the EU needs to design and implement policies that will strengthen the labor share and address the long-standing problem of unemployment. Given the need to counter climate change, the proposed policies should be coordinated and used as tool to achieve the goals set by the European Green Deal.
Μετασχηματίζοντας τη διδασκαλία του μαθήματος «Πολιτική Παιδεία» σε μια διαλογική και συμμετοχική διαδικασία
Authors: Σιδηροπούλου Συμέλα , Αυγητίδου Σοφία
Published: July 2021

Το μάθημα της Πολιτικής Παιδείας στο Λύκειο στοχεύει στην εκμάθηση πρακτικών που καθιστούν τους νέους περισσότερο ικανούς να συμμετάσχουν ενεργά στη δημοκρατική ζωή (Birzea, 2000) και όχι στην απλή μετάδοση γνώσεων. Σκοπός της παρούσας έρευνας είναι να διερευνήσει τους παράγοντες που επηρεάζουν τη συμμετοχή των μαθητών και μαθητριών στο μάθημα αλλά και τα αποτελέσματα μιας εκπαιδευτικής παρέμβασης που αξιοποίησε τις προτάσεις τους για το μετασχηματισμό των εκπαιδευτικών πρακτικών και τη συμμετοχή τους στην συν-διαμόρφωση του μαθήματος. Για την επίτευξη των στόχων της έρευνας, υιοθετήθηκε η συνεργατική έρευνα-δράση. Το ερευνητικό ερώτημα της έρευνας-δράσης ήταν πώς οι μαθητές και οι μαθήτριες θα εμπλακούν ενεργά στη διαμόρφωση του περιεχομένου και της εκπαιδευτικής διαδικασίας στο μάθημα της Πολιτικής Παιδείας ασκώντας έτσι έμπρακτα το ρόλο τους ως δημοκρατικών πολιτών. Η έρευνα-δράση διήρκεσε επτά μήνες. Τεχνικές έρευνας αποτέλεσαν το ερωτηματολόγιο προς τους μαθητές/μαθήτριες στην αρχή και στο τέλος της έρευνας-δράσης, η κλείδα παρατήρησης από κριτική φίλη, το αναστοχαστικό ημερολόγιο της εκπαιδευτικού και οι αναστοχαστικοί διάλογοι με την διευκολύντρια της έρευνας-δράσης. Τα αποτελέσματα φανερώνουν ότι η εμπειρία των μαθητών/μαθητριών και της εκπαιδευτικού μετασχηματίστηκε κατά τη διδασκαλία, μέσω της συνδιαμόρφωσης της εκπαιδευτικής πράξης από όλους τους συμμετέχοντες.
A remote self-directed psychological intervention for the public: The PAUSE programme protocol
Authors: Stafford Owen , Prendergast Cian , Berry Anna , Breslin Niall , Murphy Eddie , Gillan Diane , Godfrey Emmet , Barrett Katie , K. Taylor Laura , Shevlin Mark , McHugh Louise , Carr Alan , Burke Tom
Published: July 2021

Background: This protocol outlines procedures for the development and evaluation of a remotely accessible intervention tool known as the ‘Psychology And yoU: Self-Enhancement programme’ (i.e., PAUSE programme). The PAUSE programme aims to support and promote psychological well-being using positive psychological concepts and principles. The programme has been developed in the context of the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic, where effective and evidence-based remote interventions are needed. The PAUSE programme will provide users with valuable tools and skills that they may choose to implement in their daily lives, in order to foster and support positive mental well-being. The programme includes six modules: Well-being and Happiness; Healthy Body and Mind; Being Grateful and Savouring Life; Thought and Action; Strengthening Relationships; and Overcoming Challenges.

Methods: Participants will be recruited using media outlets, social media, and professional networking websites in Ireland. Those who choose to participate in this study will be asked to complete a set of measures at baseline, immediate follow-up, and six weeks post-intervention. This will allow for changes in subjective well-being scores to be analysed and interpreted over time. This study adopts a Groups x Time design, with participants being randomly assigned to either an intervention or wait-list control group. Ethical approval is currently under review at the host institution.

Dissemination: The dissemination strategy will follow the Evidence-based model for the Transfer and Exchange of Research Knowledge (EMTReK) and study findings will be prepared in line with various formats (e.g. study newsletters, conferences/meetings) in order to meet the needs of different audiences. Targeted and timely dissemination activities are anticipated, and the team intends to disseminate research in an ongoing manner, throughout the lifetime of the project.

Registration: This RCT protocol is pre-results and has been registered with an international database resulting in an International Standard Randomised Controlled Trials Number (ISRCTN14772616)
Research priorities for neuroimmunology: identifying the key research questions to be addressed by 2030
Authors: MacKenzie Georgina , Subramaniam Sumithra , Caldwell Lindsey J , Fitzgerald Denise , Harrison Neil A , Hong Soyon , Irani Sarosh R , Khandaker Golam M , Liston Adrian , Miron Veronique E , Mondelli Valeria , Morgan B Paul , Pariante Carmine , Shah Divya K , Taams Leonie S , Teeling Jessica L , Upthegrove Rachel
Published: July 2021

Neuroimmunology in the broadest sense is the study of interactions between the nervous and the immune systems. These interactions play important roles in health from supporting neural development, homeostasis and plasticity to modifying behaviour. Neuroimmunology is increasingly recognised as a field with the potential to deliver a significant positive impact on human health and treatment for neurological and psychiatric disorders. Yet, translation to the clinic is hindered by fundamental knowledge gaps on the underlying mechanisms of action or the optimal timing of an intervention, and a lack of appropriate tools to visualise and modulate both systems. Here we propose ten key disease-agnostic research questions that, if addressed, could lead to significant progress within neuroimmunology in the short to medium term. We also discuss four cross-cutting themes to be considered when addressing each question: i) bi-directionality of neuroimmune interactions; ii) the biological context in which the questions are addressed (e.g. health vs disease vs across the lifespan); iii) tools and technologies required to fully answer the questions; and iv) translation into the clinic. We acknowledge that these ten questions cannot represent the full breadth of gaps in our understanding; rather they focus on areas which, if addressed, may have the most broad and immediate impacts. By defining these neuroimmunology priorities, we hope to unite existing and future research teams, who can make meaningful progress through a collaborative and cross-disciplinary effort.
Adorno's Critical Moral Philosophy and Business Ethics
Authors: Nevasto Jaakko
Published: July 2021

Reeves and Sinnicks present Theodor Adorno as a philosopher with a sombre message to business ethics. Capitalist markets distort our needs and work in business organisations stultifies our moral capacities. Thus, the discipline’s self-understanding must be revised, and supplemented with reflections on what would be good work: free creative activity. After raising some questions about their interpretation of Adorno’s writings on human needs, I argue that the paper does not contain all the necessary resources to support its ferociously critical claims. Once such resources are made available, however, the appeal to a notion of good work is no longer viable.
W spadku po rodzicach
Authors: Roguska-Németh Magdalena
Published: July 2021

Inherited from Parents: Identity Reconstruction Processes in the Narratives of Translingual Writers of Hungarian Origin Translingualism in the context of literature is a phenomenon that describes the works of authors who do not write in their mother tongue. Their works are narratives that transcend the boundaries of cultures and literary conventions and, as such, are not easily definable and analyzable. This fact is often the reason why their works are marginalized. The article is an analysis of works written by two authors of Hungarian origin. The first one, Viviane Chocas, writes in French, while the second, Melinda Nadj Abonji, in German. Both are therefore translingual, although this is not their only point of similarity. Their works are clearly autobiographical and both describe a similar process: that of the reconstruction of Hungarian identity, which was suppressed by their parents or blurred in earlier generations. That fact entitles us to look at their works from the point of view of the so-called post-memory, a phenomenon first described by Marianne Hirsch. In the course of the analyses, it turns out that the protagonists of the discussed works have a different attitude to their parents’ heritage and adopt different strategies of dealing with the past. While Ildikó, the protagonist of Melinda Nadj Abonji’s novel, decides to cut off both symbolically and physically from the past, Klara, from the novel by Viviane Chocas, feels an irresistible urge to learn about the difficult fate of her ancestors.
A Rare Case of Serrated Polyposis Syndrome with the MSH6 and SMARCA4 variants
Authors: Nepal Mahesh , Lokineni Sravani , Naing Le Yu , Bapaye Jay , Olson Erik
Published: July 2021

Serrated polyposis syndrome (SPS) is the most common form of polyposis syndrome and has been shown to increase the risk of colorectal cancer (CRC). The genetic pathway of CRC in SPS is different from the classic adenomatous polyposis coli (APC) pathway, which accounts for 70–80% of cases of CRC. Most commonly, SPS mutations include BRAF and KRAS, with activation of the RAS-RAF-MAP kinase pathway involved in the pathogenesis of serrated lesions. We present a rare case of SPS in a 32-year-old woman with MSH6 and SMARCA4 variants, which have not previously been reported in the literature.
Notas com imagens fugidias: as armadilhas da temporalidade diaspórica
Authors: Guedes Cíntia
Published: July 2021

O artigo reúne uma série de três notas e um comentário que percorrem os desdobramentos iniciais da pesquisa Imagens fugidias: arquivos para um futuro preto. Em conversa com o trabalho de Luana Vitra, tento apontar os modos pelos quais gestos estéticos na arte contemporânea se comprometem com a composição de um imaginário disruptivo em relação ao regime de visualidade hegemônico e elaboram processos de imaginação radical com e para expressões artísticas que emanam desde perspectivas diaspóricas de grupos e pessoas racialmente subordinadas. Busco, assim, traçar algumas rotas pelas quais uma nova ecologia simbólica tem sido costurada e também vislumbrar possibilidades de elaboração crítica e além da crítica do que seriam temporalidades afrodiaspóricas nas artes.
Colonialidade e a branquitude: apontamentos para quebra dos pactos de silêncio na saúde
Authors: Medeiros Thamires Monteiro de , Silva Mariana Xavier da , Silva Roberta Dorneles Ferreira da Costa
Published: July 2021

Este ensaio parte dos mitos fundantes da colonialidade para aprofundar o entendimento a repeito de um deles: a produção do “outro” racializado, pelo branco-europeu na modernidade, e sua autodeclaração como referência (fictícia) de humanidade. A partir desta constatação destacamos como tal invenção se sustenta por meio de processos de naturalização de sí, e para isso evocamos o conceito e práticas da branquitude, como ferramenta que se reatualiza para a manutenção das estruturas de poder (materias e subjetivas) do racismo. Apontamos, por fim, a necessidade de estratégias de quebra dos pactos de silêncio da branqutiude, e como essa estrutura projeta desigualdades nos campos da formação de profissionais de saúde, na construção de políticas de saúde e nas práticas de saúde.
Editorial
Authors: Souza Alice De Marchi Pereira de , Mattos Amana , Jacó Vilela Ana Maria , Mendonça Anderson Pereira , Mendes Deise Maria Leal Fernandes , Ponciano Edna Lúcia Tinoco , Degani-Carneiro Filipe , Ribeiro Heloisa Fernandes Caldas , Hernández Jimena De Garay , Quadros Laura Cristina de Toledo , Tura Luiz Fernando , Brunhari Marcos Vinicius , Quitério Patrícia Lorena , Rapizo Rosana Lazaro , Pinho Vanessa Dordron de , Gomes Vitor Castro
Published: July 2021

Alice De Marchi Pereira de Souza, Amana Mattos, Ana Maria Jacó Vilela, Anderson Pereira Mendonça, Deise Maria Leal Fernandes Mendes, Edna Lúcia Tinoco Ponciano, Filipe Degani-Carneiro, Heloisa Fernandes Caldas Ribeiro, Jimena de Garay Hernández, Laura Cristina de Toledo Quadros, Luiz Fernando Tura, Marcos Vinicius Brunhari, Patrícia Lorena Quitério, Rosana Lazaro Rapizo, Vanessa Dordron de Pinho, Vitor Castro Gomes
Falar sorrindo: Um Estudo Comparativo da Frequência de Exibição do Sorriso em Homens e Mulheres
Authors: Pereira Tariane Franciele Bastos , Caramaschi Sandro
Published: July 2021

Considerado uma das expressões faciais mais complexas, o sorriso é produto da manifestação de diversos estados emocionais e apresenta diferenças sexuais significativas. O objetivo deste estudo foi comparar a frequência do sorriso entre homens e mulheres durante a fala, com base na observação dinâmica da exibição da arcada dentária superior. A amostra foi composta por 88 participantes (41 homens e 47 mulheres), que foram convidados a descrever imagens previamente selecionadas, sendo filmados durante esse procedimento. A partir das gravações obtidas, foi realizada a aferição da frequência de exibição das arcadas dentárias superiores em recurso de câmera lenta (4.0x slow) e a comparação por meio do Test t de Student. Os resultados apontam frequência média maior entre as mulheres (M=23; DP=8,22), em comparação aos homens (M=12; DP=6,76), com diferença estatisticamente significativa (t = 6,44; p<0,0001). Não foi possível definir os determinantes que promoveram tais resultados. No entanto, são explanados fatores evolutivos, cognitivos e socioculturais que contribuem para uma compreensão mais abrangente dessa expressão facial.
Compreensão de Leitura no Ensino Médio e Desempenho Acadêmico em Diferentes Matérias Escolares
Authors: Pires Marlene Antonia Brandão , Mota Marcia Maria Peruzzi Elia da
Published: July 2021

O presente estudo teve como objetivo analisar se a Compreensão de Textos Literários e Científicos de uma amostra de alunos do Ensino Médio contribuiu para o Desempenho Acadêmico desses alunos em disciplinas que não apenas de linguagem. Participaram dessa pesquisa 75 estudantes do Ensino Médio de uma escola Pública do Estado do Rio de Janeiro. A média de idade foi de 17,07 anos (DP = 0,74). A compreensão de leitura científica foi avaliada com dois pequenos textos seguidos de perguntas de múltipla escolha, o teste de Compreensão de leitura literária foi um teste de Cloze, a inteligência geral foi avaliada pelas Matrizes Progressivas de Raven e a avaliação de desempenho escolar foi calculada pela média do Coeficiente de Rendimento dos alunos. Análises de regressão mostraram que a Compreensão de Leitura de Textos Científicos contribuiu para o desempenho acadêmico medido pelo coeficiente de rendimento médio, mesmo depois de controlado a inteligência não verbal. Os resultados corroboram com estudos que apontam a importância da compreensão de texto para o sucesso acadêmico em todo o ciclo escolar.
Uso Moderado de Cannabis em Universitários e Habilidades Sociais
Authors: Porfírio Jonas Caio Costa , Freitas Lucas Cordeiro
Published: July 2021

Cannabis é a droga ilícita mais amplamente consumida no mundo. Tendo em vista a alta prevalência do uso, mostra-se importante o estudo sobre o uso desta droga e sua possível relação com as habilidades sociais (HS). Alguns trabalhos sugeriram que usuários poderiam apresentar déficits em relação a não usuários, entretanto outros não encontraram que usuários teriam um repertório deficitário. Portanto, os objetivos deste estudo foram (i) comparar o repertório de habilidades sociais de universitários usuários e não usuários de cannabis e (ii) investigar a relação entre habilidades sociais de universitários usuários de cannabis e as variáveis: frequência do uso no último mês, quantidade de cigarros por ocasião e idade de início do uso. Participaram do estudo universitários, sendo 30 usuários de cannabis e 30 não usuários. Os instrumentos utilizados foram: Inventário de Habilidade Sociais, Escala de Severidade de Dependência e um questionário sobre variáveis relacionadas ao padrão de uso. Nos resultados, não se encontrou diferenças significativas entre o grupo de usuários e não usuários. A frequência do uso no último mês se relacionou positivamente aos fatores Autoafirmação e HS globais. Conclui-se que os usuários moderados de cannabis não apresentam um repertório deficitário de HS em comparação com não-usuários.
Púrpura trombocitopênica idiopática: uma doença subdiagnosticada
Authors: Alves Ana Klara Rodrigues , Silva Barbara Beatriz Lira da , Silva Taynara Lais , Matos Ludmilla Karen Brandão Lima de , Mello Gustavo Wilson de Sousa
Published: July 2021

Introdução: A púrpura trombocitopênica idiopática (PTI) é caracterizada pela destruição de plaquetas e inibição da sua produção, que se evidencia por trombocitopenia isolada. Trata-se de uma doença autoimune subdiagnosticada, pois não existe um exame próprio para diagnostica-la e devido tal circunstância a PTI é confundida com outras doenças que causam diminuição de plaquetas. Esta revisão objetiva retratar as características da púrpura trombocitopênica idiopática, como é feito seu diagnóstico e o seu tratamento. Metodologia: Para a construção desta revisão integrativa, realizou-se uma busca eletrônica de artigos de periodicidade, na Biblioteca Virtual de Saúde (BVS), nas bases de dados do Lilacs, Medline e Scielo (Scientific Electronic Library Online). Foram utilizados artigos escritos nas línguas portuguesa, inglesa e espanhola; publicados e indexados entre os anos 2000 e 2019 nas bases de dados escolhidas, que respondiam um dos seguintes questionamentos: quais os métodos utilizados para o diagnóstico de PTI e como realizar o tratamento nas diferentes etapas da doença? Resultados: A patogênese da PTI não é completamente esclarecida, sendo relacionada a uma destruição de plaquetas e inibição da sua produção. Discussão: O tratamento pode ser realizado das seguintes formas: tratamento inicial, tratamento de segunda linha, tratamento da doença refratária e tratamento em situações de emergência. Conclusão: A PTI trata-se de uma doença autoimune subdiagnosticada, pois não existe um exame próprio para diagnosticar essa patologia, devido tal circunstância a PTI é confundida com outras doenças que causam diminuição de plaquetas.
A simple sorry
Authors: Cummings Ellen
Published: July 2021

Ellen Cummings discusses the importance of effective communication
An integral role
Authors: Keeling Chloe
Published: July 2021

Chloe Keeling discusses the importance of dental nurses in implantology
An inside job
Authors: O'Neill Maxwell
Published: July 2021

Maxwell O'Neill discusses how dietary choices can affect teeth
Style and comfort
Authors: Moore Abigail
Published: July 2021

Abigail Moore discusses how you can look and feel your best at work
Covid-19 and PPE: How it started, how it's going
Authors: Fleming Alis
Published: July 2021

Alis Fleming considers the ‘then’ and ‘now’ of working as a dental nurse during the pandemic
On the estimation of ${x}^TA^{-1}{x}$ for symmetric matrices
Authors: Fika Paraskevi , Mitrouli Marilena , Turec Ondrej
Published: July 2021

The central mathematical problem studied in this work is the estimation of the quadratic form $x^TA^{-1}x$ for a given symmetric positive definite matrix $A \in \mathbb{R}^{n \times n}$ and vector $x \in \mathbb{R}^n$. Several methods to estimate $x^TA^{-1}x$ without computing the matrix inverse are proposed. The precision of the estimates is analyzed both analytically and numerically.
Correction of thickness uniformity of multilayer fluoride coatings on steep spherical substrates using shadowing mask combinations in planetary rotation systems
Authors: Gong Shuang , Yang Baoxi , Huang Huijie
Published: July 2021

In this study, the deposition angle parameter was introduced into the traditional deposition model to eliminate the coating thickness errors caused by large deposition angles and differences in the microstructures of coatings from the expected values. Based on the different thickness distributions of

M
g

F

2

and

L
a

F

3

coatings, a method that involves switching shadowing masks and a stepwise numerical optimization algorithm were proposed to control each coating thickness distribution accurately. When designing shadowing masks for a multilayer antireflective (AR) coating with a wide incident angle range, the correlation between the thickness distributions of the

M
g

F

2

and

L
a

F

3

layers was added to the merit function to ensure consistency in the two distributions. Two-layer deep-ultraviolet (DUV) AR fluoride coatings and a six-layer DUV low-polarization antireflection fluoride coating at 193 nm were fabricated on spherical substrate holders using thermal evaporation. In the experiment, when the ratio of the clear aperture to the radius of curvature was increased from

−

1.68

to 1.63, the thickness uniformities of the

M
g

F

2

and

L
a

F

3

layers of the two-layer DUV AR coatings on the fused silica substrates increased to a minimum of 98.49%. Owing to the transmission spectra and the incidence angle-resolved transmission, uniform optical performance and low-variation polarization transmittance were also achieved for the 193 nm AR coating deposited on the fused silica substrates.
T-grating on a nano-cavity array based refractive index sensor
Authors: Fatha Abed Yasir , Bhuiyan Md Asif Hossain , Choudhury Sajid Muhaimin
Published: July 2021

We report a refractive index sensor comprising a unique T-grating on top of periodic nano-cavities. The sensor has two resonant modes sensitive to different regions of the structure with low inter-region interference, hence allowing simultaneous detection of two different analytes or more accurate detection of a single analyte. The sensor also provides a self-referencing feature for a broad range of refractive indices, from 1.3 to 1.5. Using the finite difference time domain method, sensitivities of 801.7 nm

R
I
U

−
1

and 1386.8 nm

R
I
U

−
1

were recorded for the two modes. The versatility of the structure makes the sensor a prominent candidate for biochemical and other sensing applications.
Supercontraction of spider dragline silk for humidity sensing
Authors: Liu Zhihai , Ji Xuhao , Zhang Yu , Zhang Min , Song Hongru , Zhang Yaxun , Yang Xinghua , Zhang Jianzhong , Yang Jun , Yuan Libo
Published: July 2021

The spider dragline silk (SDS) has a supercontraction characteristic, which may cause the axial length of the SDS to shrink up to 50% when the SDS is wet or the relative humidity is higher than 58% RH. In this manuscript, we employ the supercontraction characteristic of the SDS to measure relative humidity. We connect two sections of a single-mode fiber (SMF) and a section of multimode fiber (MMF) with a sandwich structure to fabricate a single-mode-multimode-single-mode (SMS) interferometer. Then we fix the SDS on two SMFs to configure a bow-shaped sensing unit. The increase of environmental humidity will cause the supercontraction of the SDS, which will cause the change of the SDS length. The excellent mechanical properties of the SDS will generate a strong pulling force and change the bending of the arch, whose interference spectrum will shift correspondingly. In this way, we may perform relative humidity sensing. In the relative humidity range of 58% RH to 100% RH, the average sensitivity is as high as 6.213 nm/% RH, higher than most fiber-based humidity sensors. Compared with the traditional sensing structure with humidity-sensitive materials, the proposed sensor improves the sensitivity with environmental friendliness. The results suggest that the SDS can be used for high-sensitivity humidity sensors, and its degradability and biocompatibility also have a vast development space in biochemical sensors.
Microbubble resonators for scattering-free absorption spectroscopy of nanoparticles
Authors: Frigenti Gabriele , Cavigli Lucia , Ratto Fulvio , Centi Sonia , Murzina Tatyana V. , Farnesi Daniele , Pelli Stefano , Soria Silvia , Nunzi Conti Gualtiero
Published: July 2021

We present a proof-of-concept experiment where the absorbance spectra of suspensions of plasmonic nanoparticles are accurately reconstructed through the photothermal conversion that they mediate in a microbubble resonator. This thermal detection produces spectra that are insensitive towards light scattering in the sample, as proved experimentally by comparing the spectra of acqueos gold nanorods suspensions in the presence or absence of milk powder. In addition, the microbubble system allows for the interrogation of small samples (below 40 nl) while using a low-intensity beam (around 20 µW) for their excitation. In perspective, this system could be implemented for the characterization of turbid biological fluids through their optical absorption, especially when considering that the microbubble resonator naturally interfaces to a microfluidic circuit and may easily fit within portable or on-chip devices.
Educating the future generation of researchers: A cross-disciplinary survey of trends in analysis methods
Authors: Bolt Taylor , Nomi Jason S. , Bzdok Danilo , Uddin Lucina Q.
Published: July 2021

Methods for data analysis in the biomedical, life, and social (BLS) sciences are developing at a rapid pace. At the same time, there is increasing concern that education in quantitative methods is failing to adequately prepare students for contemporary research. These trends have led to calls for educational reform to undergraduate and graduate quantitative research method curricula. We argue that such reform should be based on data-driven insights into within- and cross-disciplinary use of analytic methods. Our survey of peer-reviewed literature analyzed approximately 1.3 million openly available research articles to monitor the cross-disciplinary mentions of analytic methods in the past decade. We applied data-driven text mining analyses to the “Methods” and “Results” sections of a large subset of this corpus to identify trends in analytic method mentions shared across disciplines, as well as those unique to each discipline. We found that thettest, analysis of variance (ANOVA), linear regression, chi-squared test, and other classical statistical methods have been and remain the most mentioned analytic methods in biomedical, life science, and social science research articles. However, mentions of these methods have declined as a percentage of the published literature between 2009 and 2020. On the other hand, multivariate statistical and machine learning approaches, such as artificial neural networks (ANNs), have seen a significant increase in the total share of scientific publications. We also found unique groupings of analytic methods associated with each BLS science discipline, such as the use of structural equation modeling (SEM) in psychology, survival models in oncology, and manifold learning in ecology. We discuss the implications of these findings for education in statistics and research methods, as well as within- and cross-disciplinary collaboration.
RNA polymerases in strict endosymbiont bacteria with extreme genome reduction show distinct erosions that might result in limited and differential promoter recognition
Authors: Rangel-Chávez Cynthia Paola , Galán-Vásquez Edgardo , Pescador-Tapia Azucena , Delaye Luis , Martínez-Antonio Agustino
Published: July 2021

Strict endosymbiont bacteria present high degree genome reduction, retain smaller proteins, and in some instances, lack complete functional domains compared to free-living counterparts. Until now, the mechanisms underlying these genetic reductions are not well understood. In this study, the conservation of RNA polymerases, the essential machinery for gene expression, is analyzed in endosymbiont bacteria with extreme genome reductions. We analyzed the RNA polymerase subunits to identify and define domains, subdomains, and specific amino acids involved in precise biological functions known in Escherichia coli. We also perform phylogenetic analysis and three-dimensional models over four lineages of endosymbiotic proteobacteria with the smallest genomes known to date: Candidatus Hodgkinia cicadicola, Candidatus Tremblaya phenacola, Candidatus Tremblaya Princeps, Candidatus Nasuia deltocephalinicola, and Candidatus Carsonella ruddii. We found that some Hodgkinia strains do not encode for the RNA polymerase α subunit. The rest encode genes for α, β, β’, and σ subunits to form the RNA polymerase. However, 16% shorter, on average, respect their orthologous in E. coli. In the α subunit, the amino-terminal domain is the most conserved. Regarding the β and β’ subunits, both the catalytic core and the assembly domains are the most conserved. However, they showed compensatory amino acid substitutions to adapt to changes in the σ subunit. Precisely, the most erosive diversity occurs within the σ subunit. We identified broad amino acid substitution even in those recognizing and binding to the -10-box promoter element. In an overall conceptual image, the RNA polymerase from Candidatus Nasuia conserved the highest similarity with Escherichia coli RNA polymerase and their σ70. It might be recognizing the two main promoter elements (-10 and -35) and the two promoter accessory elements (-10 extended and UP-element). In Candidatus Carsonella, the RNA polymerase could recognize all the promoter elements except the -10-box extended. In Candidatus Tremblaya and Hodgkinia, due to the α carboxyl-terminal domain absence, they might not recognize the UP-promoter element. We also identified the lack of the β flap-tip helix domain in most Hodgkinia’s that suggests the inability to bind the -35-box promoter element.
Effects of temperature dependent viscosity and thermal conductivity on natural convection flow along a curved surface in the presence of exothermic catalytic chemical reaction
Authors: Ahmad Uzma , Ashraf Muhammad , Al-Zubaidi A. , Ali Aamir , Saleem Salman
Published: July 2021

The natural convection boundary layer flow of a viscous incompressible fluid with temperature dependent viscosity and thermal conductivity in the presence of exothermic catalytic chemical reaction along a curved surface has been investigated. The governing non dimensional form of equations is solved numerically by using finite difference scheme. The numerical results of velocity profile, temperature distribution and mass concentration as well as for skin friction, heat transfer rate and mass transfer rate are presented graphically and in tabular form for various values of dimensionless parameters those are generated in flow model during dimensionalization. From the obtained results, it is concluded that the exothermic catalytic chemical reactions is associated with temperature dependent viscosity and thermal conductivity. Further, it is concluded that the body shape parameter also plays an important quantitative role for change in velocity profile, temperature field and mass concentration behavior in the presence of exothermic catalytic chemical reaction.