bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Recent Advances in Miniaturized Microextraction Techniques for the Determination of Bisphenols in Environmental Samples: An Overview of the Last Two Decades
Authors: Tsalbouris Athanasios , Kalogiouri Natasa P. , Samanidou Victoria F.
Published: October 2020

Background:

Bisphenols are major industrial chemicals that have raised public concern
due to their endocrine disrupting properties and toxicity. Sample preparation is the most critical
step for the determination of bisphenols, especially if the analyst has to deal with environmental
samples which are complex matrices and the co-extraction and co-elution of other relevant compounds
results in the enhancement or suppression of the analyte signal. The need for the precise
determination of bisphenols has signaled the development of effective microextraction techniques
according to the Green Analytical Chemistry (GAC) guidelines.

Objective:

The objective of this review is to gather and discuss all the recent advances in the development
of microextraction techniques such as solid phase extraction (SPE), solid phase microextraction
(SPME), magnetic solid phase microextraction (MSPE), liquid-phase microextraction
(LPME), dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction (DLLME), stir bar sorptive extraction (SBSE),
and matrix solid-phase dispersion (MSPD), that have been successfully applied in the extraction of
bisphenols from environmental matrices.

Conclusion:

The analytical performance of the proposed techniques is critically discussed, highlighting
the potential and the limitations of each method.
Rupturas da ordem neoliberal: crítica ao individualismo, à atomização política e à polarização identitária
Authors: Gontijo Lucas de Alvarenga , Bicalho Mariana Ferreira
Published: October 2020

O neoliberalismo compreendido como ordem de produção material e reprodução social afetou o mundo do trabalho e consequentemente todas as relações humanas no interior da sociedade qual o trabalho está inserido, a definhar o conceito de classe. O presente artigo busca compreender a atual conjuntura política e institucional de modo a investigar as subjetividades neoliberais ocultadas no interior das lutas sociais que permeiam as democracias contemporâneas. A partir desse propósito descobriu-se que a dissolução das referências históricas que construíram trabalhadores como sujeitos coletivos, como classe, efetiva-se por meio de um processo de desterritorização constante, em que as subjetivações tradicionais perderam força, sem que fossem substituídas por outras formas de coesão social. Os trabalhadores atomizamos, guiados pela supervalorização do eu e polarizados por redes e muros digitais deram corpo a um novo ethos social decorrente de uma cultura despolitizada e passiva (meramente consumidora). A produção desse diagnóstico contou com duas analises mais pormenorizadas: a primeira consistiu em analisar as ondas dos movimentos feministas em meio à subjetivação neoliberal. A segunda foi estudar o que ocorreu na democracia brasileira a partir das manifestações de 2013, quando emergiram massas digitais e sua nova economia de identificação. Portanto, as transformações que alteraram a dinâmica da esfera política contemporânea é o problema tema desse artigo. O prognóstico alcançado consistiu em reconhecer que as massas digitais fizeram da própria identidade um fetiche do capitalismo imaterial, afastando o sentido ético da política ou, ainda, confundindo-o com a concorrência. Essa perspectiva crítica permitiu defender de maneira transparente e contundente que as relações sociais se devem a construções intersubjetivas plurais e ao mesmo tempo reconhecidas mutuamente entre os indivíduos de uma comunidade política.
The Impact of COVID-19 on Cancer Screening: Challenges and Opportunities
Authors: Cancino Ramon S , Su Zhaohui , Mesa Ruben , Tomlinson Gail E , Wang Jing
Published: October 2020

Cancer is a leading cause of death in the United States and across the globe. Cancer screening is an effective preventive measure that can reduce cancer incidence and mortality. While cancer screening is integral to cancer control and prevention, due to the COVID-19 outbreak many screenings have either been canceled or postponed, leaving a vast number of patients without access to recommended health care services. This disruption to cancer screening services may have a significant impact on patients, health care practitioners, and health systems. In this paper, we aim to offer a comprehensive view of the impact of COVID-19 on cancer screening. We present the challenges COVID-19 has exerted on patients, health care practitioners, and health systems as well as potential opportunities that could help address these challenges.
Predictive Models of Mortality for Hospitalized Patients With COVID-19: Retrospective Cohort Study
Authors: Wang Taiyao , Paschalidis Aris , Liu Quanying , Liu Yingxia , Yuan Ye , Paschalidis Ioannis Ch
Published: October 2020

Background

The novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 and its associated disease, COVID-19, have caused worldwide disruption, leading countries to take drastic measures to address the progression of the disease. As SARS-CoV-2 continues to spread, hospitals are struggling to allocate resources to patients who are most at risk. In this context, it has become important to develop models that can accurately predict the severity of infection of hospitalized patients to help guide triage, planning, and resource allocation.

Objective

The aim of this study was to develop accurate models to predict the mortality of hospitalized patients with COVID-19 using basic demographics and easily obtainable laboratory data.

Methods

We performed a retrospective study of 375 hospitalized patients with COVID-19 in Wuhan, China. The patients were randomly split into derivation and validation cohorts. Regularized logistic regression and support vector machine classifiers were trained on the derivation cohort, and accuracy metrics (F1 scores) were computed on the validation cohort. Two types of models were developed: the first type used laboratory findings from the entire length of the patient’s hospital stay, and the second type used laboratory findings that were obtained no later than 12 hours after admission. The models were further validated on a multicenter external cohort of 542 patients.

Results

Of the 375 patients with COVID-19, 174 (46.4%) died of the infection. The study cohort was composed of 224/375 men (59.7%) and 151/375 women (40.3%), with a mean age of 58.83 years (SD 16.46). The models developed using data from throughout the patients’ length of stay demonstrated accuracies as high as 97%, whereas the models with admission laboratory variables possessed accuracies of up to 93%. The latter models predicted patient outcomes an average of 11.5 days in advance. Key variables such as lactate dehydrogenase, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein, and percentage of lymphocytes in the blood were indicated by the models. In line with previous studies, age was also found to be an important variable in predicting mortality. In particular, the mean age of patients who survived COVID-19 infection (50.23 years, SD 15.02) was significantly lower than the mean age of patients who died of the infection (68.75 years, SD 11.83; P<.001).

Conclusions

Machine learning models can be successfully employed to accurately predict outcomes of patients with COVID-19. Our models achieved high accuracies and could predict outcomes more than one week in advance; this promising result suggests that these models can be highly useful for resource allocation in hospitals.
Research Priorities to End the Adolescent HIV Epidemic in the United States: Viewpoint
Authors: Fernandez M Isabel , Harper Gary W , Hightow-Weidman Lisa B , Kapogiannis Bill G , Mayer Kenneth H , Parsons Jeffrey T , Rotheram-Borus Mary Jane , Seña Arlene C , Sullivan Patrick S
Published: October 2020

Youth represent 21% of new HIV diagnoses in the United States. Gay, bisexual, and transgender (GBT) youth, particularly those from communities of color, and youth who are homeless, incarcerated, in institutional settings, or engaging in transactional sex are most greatly impacted. Compared with adults, youth have lower levels of HIV serostatus awareness, uptake of antiretroviral therapy (ART), and adherence. Widespread availability of ART has revolutionized prevention and treatment for both youth at high risk for HIV acquisition and youth living with HIV, increasing the need to integrate behavioral interventions with biomedical strategies. The investigators of the Adolescent Medicine Trials Network for HIV/AIDS Interventions (ATN) completed a research prioritization process in 2019, focusing on research gaps to be addressed to effectively control HIV spread among American youth. The investigators prioritized research in the following areas: (1) innovative interventions for youth to increase screening, uptake, engagement, and retention in HIV prevention (eg, pre-exposure prophylaxis) and treatment services; (2) structural changes in health systems to facilitate routine delivery of HIV services; (3) biomedical strategies to increase ART impact, prevent HIV transmission, and cure HIV; (4) mobile technologies to reduce implementation costs and increase acceptability of HIV interventions; and (5) data-informed policies to reduce HIV-related disparities and increase support and services for GBT youth and youth living with HIV. ATN’s research priorities provide a roadmap for addressing the HIV epidemic among youth. To reach this goal, researchers, policy makers, and health care providers must work together to develop, test, and disseminate novel biobehavioral interventions for youth.
Health-Related Quality of Life Improvements in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Derived from a Digital Therapeutic Plus Tele-Health Coaching Intervention: Randomized Controlled Pilot Trial
Authors: Khan Faiz , Granville Nora , Malkani Raja , Chathampally Yash
Published: October 2020

Background

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), a systemic autoimmune disease with no known cure, remains poorly understood and patients suffer from many gaps in care. Recent work has suggested that dietary and other lifestyle factors play an important role in triggering and propagating SLE in some susceptible individuals. However, the magnitude of influence of these triggers, how to identify pertinent triggers in individual patients, and whether removing these triggers confers clinical benefit is unknown.

Objective

To demonstrate that a digital therapeutic intervention, utilizing a mobile app that allows self-tracking of dietary, environmental, and lifestyle triggers, paired with telehealth coaching, added to usual care, improves quality of life in patients with SLE compared with usual care alone.

Methods

In this randomized controlled pilot study, adults with SLE were assigned to a 16-week digital therapeutic intervention plus usual care or usual care alone. Primary outcome measures were changes from baseline to 16 weeks on 3 validated health-related quality of life (HRQoL) tools: Functional Assessment of Chronic Illness Therapy-Fatigue (FACIT-F), Brief Pain Inventory-Short Form (BPI-SF), and Lupus Quality of Life (LupusQoL).

Results

A total of 50 patients were randomized (23 control, 27 intervention). In per-protocol analysis, the intervention group achieved significantly greater improvement than the control group in 9 of 11 domains: FACIT-F (34% absolute improvement for the intervention group vs –1% for the control group, P<.001), BPI-SF-Pain Interference (25% vs 0%, P=.02), LupusQoL-Planning (17% vs 0%, P=.004), LupusQoL-Pain (13% vs 0%, P=.004), LupusQoL-Emotional Health (21% vs 4%, P=.02), and LupusQoL-Fatigue (38% vs 13%, P<.001) were significant when controlling for multiple comparisons; BPI-SF-Pain Severity (13% vs –6%, P=.049), LupusQoL-Physical Health (17% vs 3%, P=.049), and LupusQoL-Burden to Others (33% vs 4%, P=.04) were significant at an unadjusted 5% significance level.

Conclusions

A digital therapeutic intervention that pairs self-tracking with telehealth coaching to identify and remove dietary, environmental, and lifestyle symptom triggers resulted in statistically significant, clinically meaningful improvements in HRQoL when added to usual care in patients with SLE.

Trial Registration

ClinicalTrials.gov NCT03426384; https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03426384
Evaluating the Impact of a Risk Assessment System With Tailored Interventions in Germany: Protocol for a Prospective Study With Matched Controls (Preprint)
Authors: Pijl Marten , op den Buijs Jorn , Landgraf Andreas
Published: October 2020

BACKGROUND

With a worldwide increase in the elderly population, and an associated increase in health care utilization and costs, preventing avoidable emergency department visits and hospitalizations is becoming a global priority. A personal emergency response system (PERS), consisting of an alarm button and a means to establish a live connection to a response center, can help the elderly live at home longer independently. Individual risk assessment through predictive modeling can help indicate what PERS subscribers are at elevated risk of hospital transport so that early intervention becomes possible.

OBJECTIVE

The aim is to evaluate whether the combination of risk scores determined through predictive modeling and targeted interventions offered by a case manager can result in a reduction of hospital admissions and health care costs for a population of German PERS subscribers. The primary outcome of the study is the difference between the number of hospitalizations in the intervention and matched control groups.

METHODS

As part of the Sicher Zuhause program, an intervention group of 500 PERS subscribers will be tracked for 8 months. During this period, risk scores will be determined daily by a predictive model of hospital transport, and at-risk participants may receive phone calls from a case manager who assesses the health status of the participant and recommends interventions. The health care utilization of the intervention group will be compared to a group of matched controls, retrospectively drawn from a population of PERS subscribers who receive no interventions.

RESULTS

Differences in health care utilization and costs between the intervention group and the matched controls will be determined based on reimbursement records. In addition, qualitative data will be collected on the participants’ satisfaction with the Sicher Zuhause program and utilization of the interventions offered as part of the program.

CONCLUSIONS

The study evaluation will offer insight into whether a combination of predictive analytics and case manager-driven interventions can help in avoiding hospital admissions and health care costs for PERS subscribers in Germany living at home independently. In the future, this may lead to improved quality of life and reduced medical costs for the population of the study.

CLINICALTRIAL

Deutsches Register Klinischer Studien (DRKS), DRKS00017328; https://www.drks.de/drks_web/navigate.do?navigationId=trial.HTML&TRIAL_ID=DRKS00017328

INTERNATIONAL REGISTERED REPORT

DERR1-10.2196/17584
A Gamified, Social Media–Inspired, Web-Based Personalized Normative Feedback Alcohol Intervention for Lesbian, Bisexual, and Queer-Identified Women: Protocol for a Hybrid Trial (Preprint)
Authors: Boyle Sarah C , LaBrie Joseph W
Published: October 2020

BACKGROUND

Sexual minority women are more likely to drink alcohol, engage in heavy drinking, and experience alcohol-related problems than heterosexual women. However, culturally tailored interventions for this population have been slow to emerge.

OBJECTIVE

This type 1 effectiveness-implementation trial examines the feasibility and efficacy of a gamified, culturally tailored, personalized normative feedback (PNF) alcohol intervention for sexual minority women who psychologically identify as lesbian, bisexual, or queer (LBQ).

METHODS

The core components of a PNF intervention were delivered within LezParlay, a fun, social media–inspired, digital competition designed to challenge negative stereotypes about LBQ women and increase visibility. The competition was advertised on the web through social media platforms and collaboration with LBQ community organizations. After 2 rounds of play by a large cohort of LBQ women, a subsample of 500 drinkers already taking part in the competition were invited to participate in the evaluation study. Study participants were randomized to receive 1 of 3 unique sequences of PNF (ie, alcohol and stigma coping, alcohol and control, or control topics only) over 2 intervention rounds. Randomization was fully automated by the web app, and both researchers and participants were blinded.

RESULTS

Analyses will evaluate whether PNF on alcohol use reduces participants’ drinking and negative consequences at 2 and 4 months postintervention; examine whether providing PNF on stigma-coping behaviors, in addition to alcohol use, further reduces alcohol use and consequences beyond PNF on alcohol alone; identify mediators and moderators of intervention efficacy; and examine broader LezParlay app engagement, acceptability, and perceived benefits.

CONCLUSIONS

This incognito intervention approach is uniquely oriented toward engaging and preventing alcohol-related risks among community populations of LBQ women who may view their heavy drinking as normative and not in need of change because of the visibility of alcohol use in sexual minority community spaces. Thus, this intervention strategy diverges from, and is intended to complement, more intensive programs being developed to meet the needs of LBQ women already motivated to reduce their consumption.

CLINICALTRIAL

ClinicalTrials.gov NCT03884478; https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03884478

INTERNATIONAL REGISTERED REPORT

DERR1-10.2196/24647
ADAPTATION OF PILOTS AND TECHNICAL ENGINEERING PERSONNEL IN CLIMATE AND GEOGRAPHIC CONDITIONS OF THE FAR NORTH
Authors: Zagorodnikov G. G. , Zhekalov A. N. , Zagorodnikov G. N. , Agaphonov P. V.
Published: October 2020

The aim of the study:to determine the dynamics of a functional state of the body of pilots and the engineering technical staff in the course of military occupational adaptation to new climatic conditions.

Materials and methods.The study enrolled military men aged 24–38 who were split into two groups: the first group (n=34) — the flight personnel, the second group — the engineering technical staff. The course of survey was divided into 3 phases.

Results and discussion.For the duration of follow-up, the control group showed increasing of indices of heart rate, cardiac output, double product and circulatory efficiency in comparison with the flight personnel group. In the first group, adaptation disorders were manifested with reducing scope allocation of attention as well as increasing index of instability of simple sensomotor reaction to photic stimulation.
TAMERON (SODIUM AMINODIGYROPHTHALAZINEDIONE) AS A POTENT IAL COMPLEX DRUG FOR THE TREATMENT OF CORONAVIRUS INFECTION COVID-19
Authors: Ermakov A. M. , Tzar’kova E. A. , Ermakova O. N. , Tzar’kov A. N.
Published: October 2020

Coronavirus infection has caused a global pandemic with high mortality rates among the population of different countries. Drugs for non-specific immunotherapy of this infection based on sodium aminodihydrophthalazinedione (in particular, Tameron) were not considered for this purpose. It has immunomodulatory properties, and its use is not accompanied by side effects. Tameron can become a potential complex drug for the treatment of coronavirus infection COVID-19 and its use is especially important in confined spaces on ships and vessels of the military and civilian fleets.
The Next Phase in the Management of the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Douketis (ED) James
Published: October 2020

In the coming days and weeks, medical professionals can have an important role to discuss and debate different strategies and trade-offs in managing the next phase of the pandemic. Let us engage in this discussion in a vigorous, bidirectional, and candid manner to achieve a balanced way forward.
As contribuições da publicidade de causa na construção de um novo lugar para o consumo
Authors: Pompeu Bruno , Perez Clotilde
Published: October 2020

Baseado em revisão bibliográfica de campo teórico mais amplo, envolvendo, além da comunicação publicitária aproximações com a teoria política, este texto tem por objetivo trazer contribuições às discussões sobre o que se convencionou chamar “publicidade de causa”, como manifestação comunicacional de uma nova dinâmica social do consumo. Hoje, em meio um período de crises, cumpre aos pesquisadores da área rever o lugar do consumo – no fazer, no pensar e no ensinar publicitários –, em favor de uma posição política, comprometida com o desenvolvimento da sociedade, trazendo o entendimento de que esta nova modalidade de publicidade não só não contribui para o dito desenvolvimento, como corre o risco de desvirtuar os princípios que aparentemente a motivam.
LUGAR DE MULHER É ONDE ELA QUISER: OS DESAFIOS DAS MULHERES NO MERCADO DE TRABALHO DOS AGRONEGÓCIOS
Authors: Silva Brenda Ribeiro da , Redin Ezequiel
Published: October 2020

A pesquisa objetiva analisar e compreender a atuação das mulheres que ocupam cargos no âmbito comercial em organizações dos agronegócios, bem como, investigar a relação das mulheres com os desafios enfrentados no mercado de trabalho na região de Unaí, Minas Gerais. Para tanto, foi realizado um roteiro semiestruturado de cunho qualitativo para o levantamento das informações. No estudo de caso, foram entrevistadas dez mulheres que atuam em organizações relacionadas aos agronegócios. Os resultados da pesquisa apontam que as mulheres entrevistadas são, majoritariamente solteiras, jovens, provenientes de famílias de baixa renda e relativamente novas em seus cargos, possuindo um padrão salarial razoável e determinado pelo tempo de trabalho na empresa. Porém, possuíram dificuldades para ingresso no mercado de trabalho no campo dos agronegócios. Demonstrou que as mulheres entrevistadas procuram independência pessoal, através de muita dedicação, trabalho e foco em seus projetos de vida. Foi possível verificar que a dominação masculina permeia suas vidas de forma constante, desde o seio familiar, na graduação, nos ambientes de trabalho e até mesmo em relacionamentos pessoais. Com as informações da pesquisa foi possível definir três tipologias em relação as mulheres profissionais entrevistadas: a) profissionais de cargos iniciais em empresas dos agronegócios; b) profissionais de cargos intermediários em empresas dos agronegócios; c) profissionais consolidadas em empresas dos agronegócios. A pesquisa demonstrou que as mulheres almejam o protagonismo e empoderamento de outras mulheres, não somente no setor de trabalho dos agronegócios, mas em todos os outros postos de trabalho. Portanto, é necessário promover políticas públicas e ações informativas, com a cooperação do setor privado no intuito de demonstrar cada vez mais a visibilidade feminina no mundo do mercado de trabalho dos agronegócios.
Forging researchers-farmers partnership in public social innovation: a case study of Malaysia’s agro-based public research institution
Authors: Noor Nur Hanis Mohamad , Ng Boon-Kwee , Hamid Mohd Johaary Abdul
Published: October 2020

This paper explores the effective roles of public research institutions (PRIs) in social innovation and understand the element of communal support in researchers-farmers partnership. The case study on Malaysian Agricultural Research and Development Institute (MARDI) reveals that the partnership between researchers and farmers is limited. The only productive and formal channel for researchers to reach the farmers is through agricultural extension agencies. It found that there are three elements that drive sustainable social innovation in agriculture: (1) quality research by PRIs; (2) efficient extension agency in disseminating knowledge to farmers; and (3) productive farmers in delivering high-yields farming. This paper claimed that the presence of partnership between researchers in PRIs and farmers is the crucial pivot in ensuring innovation reaches the target group. The study also found the potential of civil society organizations to transform farmers into more active innovation actors in the agricultural innovation system.
Hubungan Pengetahuan, Sikap, dan Tindakan terhadap DBD dengan Keberadaan Jentik	di Lingkungan Rumah Masyarakat Kecamatan Medan Marelan Tahun 2018
Authors: Simaremare Ade Pryta , Simanjuntak Novita Hasiani , Simorangkir Saharnauli J. V.
Published: October 2020

Abstract

Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever (DHF) is public health problem in Indonesia and causes  extraordinary event with  high mortality rate. It is caused by Dengue virus infection of the genus Flavivirirus transmitted by Aedes aegypti bite. All regions in Indonesia are risky for contracting DHF because the virus and the mosquitoes have spread widely in residential housing and public places throughout Indonesia. This study used an observational analytic design with cross sectional method. The respondents were people in the Marelan District of Medan. Data on knowledge, attitudes and practices about DHF were obtained through a guided questionnaire. Data about the presence of Aedes aegypti larvae were obtained through direct observation of the environment around the respondent's houses. The chi square analysis showed that the level of knowledge about DHF was not related to the presence of larvae with a p value of 0.128 (p value> 0.05). For attitude and practice aspects indicate relationship with p values of 0.01 and 0.004 (p value< 0.05). Often the knowledge about DHF is not manifested as action to reduce the presence of mosquito larvae causing the disease in their environment. Still, guidance in intensive counseling and motivating the community about eradicating mosquito nests is very important.

Abstrak

Demam Berdarah Dengue (DBD) merupakan masalah kesehatan masyarakat di Indonesia dan sering menimbulkan kejadian luar biasa dengan tingkat kematian yang tinggi. Penyakit ini disebabkan oleh infeksi virus Dengue dari genus Flavivirus yang dapat masuk ke dalam tubuh manusia melalui perantaraan nyamuk Aedes aegypti. Seluruh wilayah di Indonesia berisiko terjangkit penyakit DBD, sebab baik virus penyebab maupun nyamuk penularnya sudah tersebar luas di perumahan penduduk maupun di tempat-tempat umum di seluruh Indonesia. Penelitian ini menggunakan disain penelitian analitik observasional dengan metode cross sectional. Responden dalam penelitian ini adalah masyarakat di Kecamatan Medan Marelan. Data variabel pengetahuan, sikap dan tindakan mengenai DBD diperoleh melalui kuesioner secara terpimpin. Data variabel keberadaan jentik nyamuk Aedes aegypti diperoleh melalui observasi secara langsung lingkungan sekitar rumah responden. Hasil analisis chi square menunjukkan bahwa tingkat pengetahuan mengenai penyakit DBD tidak berhubungan dengan keberadaan jentik dengan nilai p=0,128 (p value >0,05). Untuk aspek sikap dan tindakan menunjukkan adanya hubungan dengan nilai p masing-masing 0,01 dan 0,004 (p value <0,05). Seringkali pengetahuan mengenai DBD tidak diwujudnyatakan menjadi suatu tindakan untuk mengurangi keberadaan jentik nyamuk penyebab penyakit tersebut di lingkungan rumahnya. Walaupun demikian,pembinaan dalam penyuluhan dan motivasi yang intensif kepada masyarakat tentang pemberantasan sarang nyamuk tetap sangat penting dilakukan.
DETEKSI VIRUS JAPANESE ENCEPHALITIS PADA MANUSIA DAN VEKTOR DI KABUPATEN TULUNGAGUNG, JAWA TIMUR
Authors: Pramestuti Nova , Wijayanti Tri , Widiastuti Dyah , Isnani Tri
Published: October 2020

Japanese encephalitis is a zoonotic disease transmitted by mosquitoes with pigs as the main reservoir. A small percentage of infected people experience acute encephalitis syndrome, with one in four cases fatal. Recently, the existence of a growing pig population has the potential to increase the risk of JE transmission in Tulung Agung, East Java, Indonesia. The purpose of this study was to detect JE infection in humans and mosquitoes in Tulungagung Regency. A cross-sectional design was conducted from March to October 2016. Human blood screening was carried out in six hospitals in Tulungagung and the mosquitos survey was carried out using human landing collection, resting collection, and light trap around the pig farms in Kaliwungu District. Detection of JE infection was carried out by indirect immuno-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) testing of IgM/IgG in human serum samples and Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-PCR). Transcription reaction in mosquitoes. The ELISA test showed that one of 19 human serum samples was confirmed positive with JE specific IgG. The result of the mosquito survey showed that Anopheles vagus was predominantly collected in Kaliwungu village, while Culex quinquefasciatus was was predominantly species collected in Pulosari Village. The analyses using molecular assays showed that all captured mosquitoes were negative Javanese encephalitis virus (JEV). 

Abstrak

Japanese Encephalitis (JE) merupakan penyakit zoonotik yang ditularkan oleh nyamuk dengan reservoir utama babi. Sebagian kecil orang yang terinfeksi mengalami radang otak (ensefalitis), sekitar satu dari empat kasus berakibat fatal. Peningkatan populasi ternak babi di Kabupaten Tulungagung berpotensi menyebarkan virus JE. Tujuan penelitian untuk mendeteksi infeksi JE pada manusia dan nyamuk di Kabupaten Tulungagung. Penelitian dilakukan pada Bulan Maret-Oktober tahun 2016 dengan desain studi potong lintang. Survey darah manusia dilakukan pada enam rumah sakit di Kabupaten Tulungagung. Survei nyamuk dilakukan satu kali dengan metode umpan badan manusia dan perangkap cahaya, serta penangkapan nyamuk istirahat di sekitar peternakan babi di Kecamatan Kaliwungu. Deteksi infeksi JE dilakukan dengan pemeriksaan Indirect Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) IgM/IgG pada sampel serum manusia dan Reverse Transcription Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-PCR) pada nyamuk. Hasil pemeriksaan laboratorium terhadap antibodi IgM/IgG JE menunjukkan satu kasus positif IgG JE dari 19 sampel serum manusia yang diperiksa. Spesies nyamuk yang tertangkap di Desa Kaliwungu didominasi Anopheles vagus, sedangkan di Desa Pulosari didominasi Culex quinquefasciatus. Hasil pemeriksaan RT-PCR terhadap semua sampel nyamuk yang tertangkap menunjukkan negatif virus JE. Satu pasien ditemukan positif antibodi IgG Japanese encephalitis di Kabupaten Tulungagung.
What Barriers Exist in the Minds of Vaccine-Hesitant Parents, and How Can We Address Them?
Authors: Kerrigan Andrew R. , Aitnouri Imane , Mar Jessica , Altman Wayne
Published: October 2020

Background and Objectives: Despite substantial health benefits and prolific research efforts to demonstrate safety and increase uptake, vaccine hesitancy has increased dramatically. This study aimed to systematically analyze available literature on vaccine hesitancy in the United States and determine the rationale behind vaccine-hesitant parents and potential interventions.
Methods: We conducted a literature search and identified 232 articles; we included 90 after screening. We pulled information from each article using standardized questions for “type of study,” “population,” “specific vaccine,” “reasons for hesitancy,” “hesitancy prevalence,” “attempt at change,” “results of intervention,” and “future interventions.” We created recurrent themes from the data and analyzed these themes via descriptive statistics.
Results: Vaccine safety was the most commonly identified reason for vaccine hesitancy amongst studies (50%), followed by not enough information (30%), side effects (26%), low risk of disease (26%), social norms (22%), vaccine schedule (21%), not recommended by doctor (21%), efficacy (18%), cost/access (13%), sexual concerns (12%) and distrust of establishment (7%). Only 20% of papers documented an intervention, and <50% of these reported increased vaccination rates or intent. More research was the most commonly identified next step (49%).
Conclusions: Despite large amounts of research on vaccination rates, patients are still reporting not enough information and safety as the most common reasons for vaccine hesitancy. Interventions were few and without promising results. More research was the most suggested intervention. Such research must address concerns of the vaccine-hesitant community, comparing risks and benefits of each vaccination in a longitudinal, coherent, and transparently unbiased fashion.
Results of a Preceptor Improvement Project
Authors: Brink Darin , Power David , Leppink Eric
Published: October 2020

Background and Objectives: The majority of medical students receive some of their training with a community preceptor. Nearly all of these preceptors are motivated by a desire to give back to their profession through teaching and they want to learn how to teach more effectively. Designing effective educational programs to improve preceptor teaching is important to upholding the quality of medical education.
Methods: We designed an educational program consisting of readings, short videos, handouts and posters, as well as one-on-one sessions with a trained standardized medical student. The standardized student visited the community physician’s office both before and after the preceptor engaged with the educational materials related to a subject area of the preceptor’s choosing. We assessed the preceptor’s teaching using three tools: self-evaluation, student reporting of observed behaviors, and an overall rating of teaching effectiveness.
Results: Thirteen preceptors took part in this the educational intervention. Per the self-assessment, preceptors showed improved teaching competency for all items on the questionnaire, with 12 of the 21 items (57%) showing statistically significant results (P<.05). The standardized student reported that preceptors used more of eight desired teaching behaviors in the second mock preceptor encounter than they used in the first, with a mean increase of 1.46 (P=.001). Overall teaching effectiveness scores increased, with a mean increase of 1.15 (P=.001) on the 10-point scale. Moreover, all participants indicated they were either satisfied or highly satisfied with the program and that they would recommend this program to a colleague.
Conclusions: Our preceptor-improvement intervention led to demonstrable improvement in preceptor teaching, as measured by preceptor evaluation and evaluation by the standardized student. More research is needed to see if these results can be replicated and, in particular, to determine which aspects of the intervention were most useful.
Integrating Buprenorphine Treatment Into Family Medicine Resident Clinic
Authors: Tiemstra Jeffrey D. , Walsh Lauren H.
Published: October 2020

Background and Objectives: Medication-assisted treatment (MAT) for opioid use disorder with buprenorphine in primary care is effective and patient-accessible yet remains underutilized, including among residency training programs. One concern in residency programs is that MAT patients must be seen at least monthly and will overwhelm residents’ clinic schedules and dilute their clinical experience. Our family medicine residency initiated an MAT program integrated into residents’ continuity clinic schedules. After 2 years we assessed the chronic medical comorbidities we were managing in our MAT population.Methods: We performed a retrospective review of all active patients receiving MAT. We collected basic demographic data and whether we were the patient’s primary care provider (PCP) or were only providing MAT. For the patients for whom we were the PCP we recorded the chronic comorbidities that required medical management.Results: One hundred fifty-seven active patients were 52% male and 48% female. The mean age was 38 years (SD=10) with a range of 22 to 77 years, with nine patients over age 60 years (6%). One hundred three patients used us as their PCP (66%). For these patients the mean number of chronic comorbidities was 2.3; only 10 patients reported no comorbidities. Psychiatric comorbidities were the most common with 69% of patients with a mood disorder, although nonpsychiatric comorbidities still averaged 1.5 per patient.Conclusions: MAT integrated into family medicine resident continuity clinics provides a broad and substantial primary care clinical experience for residents.
MEMÓRIAS DA PRÁTICA ESPORTIVA EXTRACURRICULAR EM ESCOLAS PRIVADAS DO PARANÁ (1980-1990)
Authors: Vargas Pauline Iglesias , Mazo Janice Zarpellon , Begossi Tuany Defaveri , Capraro André Mendes
Published: October 2020

O objetivo deste trabalho é compreender os aspectos que convergiram para o enfraquecimento do esporte extracurricular em escolas particulares do estado do Paraná, nas décadas de 1980 e 1990. A metodologia utilizada foi a da História Oral. Para tanto, foram realizadas seis entrevistas com atletas, técnicos e/ou gestores do esporte escolar paranaense da época. Foi possível identificar que o esporte era utilizado como ferramenta de marketing institucional; as escolas deixaram de investir no esporte por distintos motivos; a escola foi ofuscada na medida em que os estudantes/atletas passam a participar de seleções municipais e estaduais; a situação financeira nacional forçou uma reestruturação dos investimentos; o esporte passou a ser uma possibilidade de arrecadação de investimentos financeiros; houve uma mudança de comportamento dos jovens; a crítica ao ensino de esportes na Educação Física durante a década de 1990 teve influência nesse processo de enfraquecimento.
Artificial Neural Networks to access curve behavior of COVID-19 in Brazil: A learning experience based on other countries
Authors: Martins Vera Lúcia Milani , Lermen Fernando Henrique , Magalhães Ruane Fernandes de , Matias Gustavo de Souza
Published: October 2020

The COVID-19 is considered a pandemic due to global contamination. Brazil lacks precision in estimating the virus’s behavior because it has been in the early stages, underestimating notifications of confirmed cases. This study aimed to diagnose the curve behavior of the confirmed cases of COVID-19 in Brazil, based on infected rates, considering the total population and the contaminated population in other countries. For greater accuracy in estimating the Brazilian curve of infected, the Artificial Neural Network structure estimates the population with confirmed cases, combined by the arithmetic mean with SEIR and other estimation methods including ARIMA, SARIMA, trend Holt, and additive Winter. The results showed that, despite maintaining the adopted restriction policies, Brazil tends to face a crisis with a contagion curve below that registered by critical cases such as Spain and the United States, indicating the possibility of the occurrence of 1,000,000 confirmed cases on the 82nd day.
THE EFFECT OF MACROMEDIA FLASH BASED LEARNING MEDIA TO IMPROVE THE ABILITY TO CALCULATE OF STUDENTS IN ELEMENTARY SCHOOL
Authors: Sidik Ghany Taufik , Kelana Jajang Bayu , Altaftazani Deden Herdiana , Firdaus Anugrah Ramadhan
Published: October 2020

This study aims to determine the effect of Macromedia Flash-based learning media to improve the numeracy ability of grade 1 students. The population in this study were 30 students of Class 1 at SDN Bina Harapan as an experimental group and 30 students at Class 1 at SDN 1 Sudimampir as a control group. This research is an experimental research using Quasi Experiment design. The technique in collecting data uses the method of observation, tests, and documentation. The analysis used is a non-parametric test using the man Whitney test. The results of the Mann Whitney analysis on the pretest data obtained the Asymp value. Sig. (2-tailed) = 0.532 > significance level a = 0.05 so that the initial abilities of students to count in the experimental class and the control class is the same while the results of the Mann Whitney analysis on posttest data obtained Asymp values. Sig. (2-tailed) = 0.005 < of the significance level a = 0.05 so that the final abilities of students are different. So, Macromedia Flash 8 based learning media significant influence on elementary students' numeracy skills
Evaluation of the crop insurance system in Poland
Authors: Kozak Sylwester , Weremczuk Arkadiusz
Published: October 2020

Crop insurance is one way to reduce the risk in agricultural production. The subsidy system used since 2006 aims to increase the area of crops insured against the risk of weather anomalies. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the functioning of the crop insurance system subsidized by the State Treasury. The results indicate that this system is not effective. Up to 2018, insurance covered about 3 million ha of crops, compared to about 7 million ha required by law. The sum of payments in the years 2008–2018 amounted to PLN 1.7 billion. The risks most often insured by farmers include: frosts and negative effects of wintering and periodically hail. The attractiveness of subsidized crop insurance is to be increased by increasing the subsidies for 2019 and 2020 to PLN 1.2 and 1.4 billion, respectively. The insufficient area of currently insured crops means that the premiums obtained by insurance companies are smaller than the claims paid, which means that the insurance contracts become deficit and can be withdrawn from the insurers’ offer.
Prognostic significance of clinical parameters in patients with cerebral low-grade glioma
Authors: Jokovic Milos , Mijalcic Radovan , Bascarevic Vladimir , Jovanovic Nemanja
Published: October 2020

Introduction/Objective. Low-grade gliomas affect younger adults and carry a favorable prognosis. We aim to describe clinical patterns of low-grade gliomas as well as prognosis in different groups of patients. Our intention was to determine clinical parameters that may affect prognosis, and whether a greater extent of resection would increase the long-term progression-free or overall survival of patients with low-grade gliomas. Methods. We analyzed data obtained from the files of the patients with a diagnosis of the World Health Organization classification grade II gliomas. The relationships among categorical variables were analyzed using standard statistical tools and a 95% confidence interval. Results. We analyzed 118 patients with median age of 34 years. Over 57% were male and the primary site location was the cerebrum. All these patients were operated on and some of them received radiation and/ or chemotherapy. Median overall survival was 9.6 years and better prognosis is associated with younger age, frontal and noneloquent zone location, seizures as the first symptom of the disease, and gross total resection of the tumor. Indications for early surgery are increased intracranial pressure, preoperative neurologic deficit, tumor size larger than 6 cm with contrast enhancement, and older age. Conclusion. Tumor location, 1p/19q co-deletion, and age were the main determinants of treatment received and overall survival, likely reflecting tumor biology differences. Any form of treatment was preferred over watchful waiting. This study found that a greater extent of resection could significantly increase the overall survival of patients with low-grade gliomas.
Synthesis, Characterization and Thermal Properties of Oxo Methacrylate-Containing Polymer/Clay Nanocomposites
Authors: ÇANKAYA Nevin
Published: October 2020

In this study, synthesis and characterization of polymer/clay based nanocomposites was performed using 2-(4-methoxyphenyl amino)-2-oxoethyl methacrylate (MPAEMA) and organoclay. The amount of organoclay in nanocomposites synthesized by in situ polymerization method was determined as 3% and 5%. FTIR, XRD, and SEM were used as characterization techniques. It was determined from XRD and SEM results that the morphology of nanocomposites exfoliated. Then, the thermal properties of nanocomposites were investigated using the TGA/DTA/DTG simultaneous system. In thermal analysis, it was seen that the thermal stability increased when the clay amount increased. It is thought that this newly synthesized synthetic polymer/clay nanocomposites with natural clay content will serve different areas due to its environmentally friendly-biodegradable properties.
Interfacial Evaluation of CAD/CAM Resin Inlays on the Cavity Floor Using Swept-source Optical Coherence Tomography
Authors: Han S-H , Shimada Y , Sadr A , Tagami J , Yang S-E
Published: October 2020

Clinical Relevance

When a resin nanoceramic inlay is cemented using self-adhesive cement, a universal dentin adhesive can be applied to the prepared cavity. The application of the adhesive before self-adhesive cement placement provides similar or better interfacial adaptation than without the adhesive.

Purpose: The first objective of this study was to determine whether the luting material used for computer-aided design and computer-aided manufacture resin nanoceramic inlays affected interfacial adaptation. The second objective was to investigate whether application of a universal dentin adhesive before cementation affected interfacial adaptation. The final objective was to compare the inlay-side and dentin-side interfaces in the cement space.

Methods and Materials: Seventy-four class I cavities were prepared on extracted human third molars. Cavities were optically scanned, and resin nanoceramic inlays were milled using Lava Ultimate blocks (3M ESPE). For the control groups, the fabricated inlays were cemented using Panavia V5 (Kuraray Noritake) or FujiCem 2 (GC). For the experimental groups, the teeth were randomly divided into groups I and II. Group I contained four subgroups using different luting materials; in all subgroups, the inlays were cemented and dual cured without pretreatment. Group II contained six subgroups in which inlays were cemented and dual cured after application of a universal dentin adhesive. After thermocycling, interfacial adaptation was measured using swept-source optical coherence tomography (SS-OCT) imaging and statistically compared among groups.

Results: Interfacial adaptation was different depending on the luting material used (p<0.05). After application of a universal adhesive, some subgroups showed improved interfacial adaptation (p<0.05). In the comparison of inlay-side and dentin-side interfaces, no difference was found in interfacial adaptation (p>0.05).

Conclusions: Interfacial adaptation for resin nanoceramic inlays differed with luting material. For some self-adhesive cements, application of a universal adhesive before cementation improved interfacial adaptation.
Strategies Implemented in Teaching English for Young Learners in Primary School
Authors: Wulandari Ni Luh Putu Titin , Ratminingsih Ni Made , Ramendra Dewa Putu
Published: October 2020

Teaching English to young learners is not an easy task. Teacher needs to use appropriate learning strategies so the students are engaged and motivated in teaching and learning process. The current study aimed at identifying the teaching English strategies used by fifth grade English teacher and the problems encountered by teacher in teaching English for young learner. This study was a descriptive qualitative research and conducted in SD Suta Dharma Denpasar Bali. In collecting the data, classroom observation and interview were conducted. The result showed that there were eight strategies applied by teacher in teaching English. They are; listen and repeat, listen and do, question and answer, in-pair, cooperative learning, and games. Furthermore, the problems experienced by teacher were lack of media of teaching English and lack of knowledge of strategy in TEYL. The problems occurred because the teacher has a limited knowledge on how to teach English for young learners and the lack of resources of teaching media available in school.