bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ESSENCE AND NECESSITY OF ECOLOGICAL MODERNIZATION OF PRODUCTION IN UKRAINE
Authors: Demchenko Kseniya
Published: October 2019

Introduction. The article reveals the essence of the concept of "environmental modernization of production" and describes its internal structure. The current state of the cement industry of Ukraine is considered. The economic and environmental problems of the branch are highlighted. The analysis of the level of environmental modernization of production by the subjects of entrepreneurship of the industry from the standpoint of technical and technological components of environmental modernization of production has been carried out. The economic and ecological effect of changes in production technology has been investigated, as well as the potential savings of financial and raw material resources for producers who have just begun the environmental modernization of production. In particular, the study of the change in the level of energy consumption for cement producers which results in the environmental modernization of production is presented, as well as the potential for reducing carbon dioxide emissions and the associated economic effect. The dynamics of the overall result indicator from the environmental modernization of production – material composition is described. As a result of the analysis, the direction of further environmental modernization of production for the enterprises of the cement industry was developed.
Purpose. The article aims to substantiate the necessity of environmental modernization of cement industry enterprises based on analysis of its current state, as well as to carry out the assessment of actual and potential economic and environmental effects from modernization.
Method (methodology). In this research, we have used the standard statistical research methods. They are the method of systematization, method of processing, data aggregation method, method of the definition of general summary synthetic indices, method of presentation of the results in the form of statistical tables, method of graphs and drawings. The author has also presented his own methodology for assessing the efficiency of environmental modernization of production by its components: technical, technological, innovative, managerial, economic and environmental. The analysis of the results of ecological modernization of production from the standpoint of technical and technological components is conducted.
Results. In the course of the study, the feasibility of conducting environmental modernization of production for the enterprises of the cement industry has been proved. Cement manufacturers with a full cycle of production can use the results and recommendations, which are described in this article.
TARGET GROUPS OF SERVICE USERS OF INTELLECTUAL TRANSPORT SYSTEMS
Authors: Katerna Olga
Published: October 2019

Introduction. The results of the research of the essence of intellectual transport systems, identification of the service providers, their interests and further cooperation strategies are presented in the article. Intellectual transport systems are considered as advanced systems that use information and communication technologies for improvement and security of traffic and effective support of the transportation of passengers or cargo.
Purpose. The article aims to identify the target groups of service users of intelligent transport systems.
Method (methodology). The research methods which are based on the system approach, management theory and theory of decision making have been applied to achieve the goal of the research. Method of system analysis has been used to identify the scientific problem.
Results. The classification, which covers the target groups of service users of intellectual transport systems, has been worked out. These groups consist of subjects of state regulation, national, private sector and consumers of transport services. The main principles of their cooperation and the interests of each group have been described. Stakeholder groups for projects of intellectual transport systems with different degrees of complexity have been presented in the article.
PROBLEMS OF FORMATION AND DEVELOPMENT OF CORPORATE MANAGEMENT
BY JOINT-STOCK COMPANIES IN UKRAINE
Authors: Nazarchuk Nadiya , Malyk Iryna
Published: October 2019

Purpose of the work is to systematize the problems of the development of effective corporate governance systems in Ukraine by identifying the main conflicts within the corporation, the competent approach, as well as the resource potential of the corporation.
Methodology. Scientific concepts and theoretical works of leading domestic and foreign scientists concerning corporate management have become the theoretical and methodological basis of the research. The following methods have been applied in the research: the method of theoretical generalization and comparison, method of induction and deduction, the system method.
Results. The problems of implementation and adaptation of traditional methods of corporate governance, with an emphasis on system management approaches that combine corporate strategies, competency characteristics, and resource potential of the corporation, have been considered. Recommendations as for the increase of protection of interests of shareholders in the process of introduction of organizational independent management bodies have been offered.
ANALYSIS OF EXISTING METHODS OF VALUE ADDED CALCULATION AT THE ENTERPRISE
Authors: Pletn'ova Yuliya , Marchenko Valentyna
Published: October 2019

Introduction. The analysis of business efficiency and enterprise management in terms of decision-making are key factors, which influence the outcome. That is why the search for methods of assessing the effectiveness of business processes that show the effectiveness of using embedded resources is the most important task of the modern economy. Using classical economic indicators to evaluate the company's performance does not show the results of using registered and invested resources, and, accordingly, does not allow making object-oriented decisions. World experience proves the expediency of using modern indicators of evaluating the performance of an enterprise based on the system of value added indicators using.
Accordingly, the implementation of the experience of global corporations and the search for methods of effective assessment to obtain an effective and expedient result are actual directions for research.
Purpose. The article aims to carry out the theoretical generalization and analysis of variation methods and models of value added calculation.
Method (methodology). In order to reach the goal of the research we have used the following methods: empirical methods for the analysis of value added models, method of synthesis and analysis to clarify the essence of the concept of «added value», method of grouping and generalization for the systematization of value added models.
Results. In the article, authors have proposed the new definition of the concept of «added value». We have analysed historical stages of the development of value added, reasons for its implementation and using as an alternative approach for determining the efficiency of the enterprise and management. The basic conceptual models of determining value added, which are used by the famous foreign transnational companies, have been considered. The authors have analysed the advantages and disadvantages of each model and the effective conditions for their use. The relevance of the implementation of this indicator in the activity of national enterprises for the construction of an effective system of management has been proposed.
SYSTEM PRINCIPLE IN ANALYTICAL RESEARCH
Authors: Spilnyk Iryna , Yaroshchuk Oleksii
Published: October 2019

The article deals with the methodological aspects of system economic analysis. The essence of system review in the economic analysis is considered in the research. The system approach for the estimation of economic efficiency and identification of the state of the enterprise as a managed economic system is proposed and outlined. The problems of development of domestic practice of analytical activity, preparation drawbacks and need for specialists of analytical direction are determined. The directions of preparation for internal specialization of experts of analytical profile are outlined.
ANALYSIS OF COURSE DIFFERENCES AS PROCEDURE OF INTERNAL AUDIT OF A GROUP OF RELATED ENTERPRISES
Authors: Fesenko Valeriya
Published: October 2019

Introduction. Increase in currency risks is observed in the activity of a group of enterprises, in which the functional currency of the activity of the main enterprise-investor differs from the functional currency of the activity of one of the group's enterprises. The article is devoted to the study of the processes of audit of exchange rates, which are reflected in the reporting of the group of enterprises on the results of intragroup transactions and external operations of individual enterprises of the group.
Purpose. The article aims to develop a methodological approach to the implementation of the analytical procedures of internal audit of exchange differences that are reflected in the consolidated statements of the group and to provide the recommendations of the internal auditor on the formation of a strategy for managing the currency risk of a group of enterprises. The internal audit of individual group reporting and consolidated reporting by the group should ensure the detection of areas with high currency risk.
Results. The analytical audit procedures of exchange rate changes based on the matrix methodological approach that can determine the result of currency risk management group and form the internal auditor recommendations towards improving the management of exchange rate differences (due to the impact on business enterprise group or rationalization of intragroup transactions group) has been proposed in the article.
Características de los trabajadores que rotan en las maquiladoras de Ensenada, Baja California
Authors: Melendres Carlos Víctor Daniel , Aranibar Gutiérrez Mónica Fernanda , García Rivera Blanca Rosa , Ramírez Barón María Concepción
Published: October 2019

La industria maquiladora ha sido un factor relevante para el desarrollo económico de México, sobre todo de la frontera norte, donde se han creado mayor número de maquiladoras, empleos y exportaciones. Lo anterior ha contribuido al crecimiento de la economía del país y se ha convertido en uno de sus motores.  El trabajador operativo de una empresa es, sin duda alguna, una pieza fundamental en ella, por lo que es importante conocer sus características, pues es a través de la estabilidad y permanencia del recurso humano cualificado como se logran los objetivos de toda empresa.En esta investigación se describe cuáles son las características de los trabajadores que operan en la industria maquiladora exportadora de la ciudad de Ensenada, Baja California. La finalidad es obtener un banco de indicadores que permita diseñar estrategias contextualizadas que coadyuven a la mejora de la productividad de la industria maquiladora exportadora (IME), así como las condiciones de trabajo, valorar la utilidad y el personal cualificado. Para determinar los resultados, se realizó la aplicación de un instrumento a una muestra representativa de la industria maquiladora, que permitió medir las variables acordes con los siguientes perfiles: 1) perfil sociodemográfico, 2) perfil académico y 3) perfil del trabajo.
The Rule of Recognition – a Remedy for the External Uncertainty of Law?
Authors: Kosielińska-Grabowska Urszula Anna
Published: October 2019

According to H.L.A. Hart, the rule of recognition is one of secondary rules that is supposed to be a remedy for the uncertainty of primary rules. In this paper we will try to answer the question: To what extent may this rule guarantee legal certainty? After discussing important differences between the concept of the rule of recognition and Kelsenian concept of the basic norm (Grundnorm), we will examine the role of the rule of recognition in the context of the problem of the external certainty of law. When analyzing its content, meaning and effects of using the criteria of validity contained in the rule of recognition, we discovered three types of uncertainty related to the rule of recognition: the substantive, interpretive and applicative one. Our considerations have led us to the conclusion that the rule of recognition, having as its aim the function of removing the uncertainties of law, is itself one of the sources of these uncertainties. It is difficult to consider it as a genuine effective remedy to the external uncertainty of law. The construction of the rule of recognition means that the degree of certainty which we obtain as a result of its application appears to be greater than in the case of “ordinary” primary rules within the system, yet we will never obtain a total external certainty of law unless we apply another theoretical construction.
1843-44: Marx e Engels e a rejeição filosófica e moral da economia política
Authors: Wellen Henrique
Published: October 2019

A economia política se constitui como um dos fundamentos da análise realizada por Karl Marx acerca da sociedade dominada pelo modo de produção capitalista. Contudo, ainda que esta ciência tenha estado presente na maioria das obras deste autor, o seu tratamento transitou por diferentes conotações, tanto de cunho teórico como político, perpassando três períodos centrais: entre 1843-44, entre 1847-9, e a partir de 1857. Com base em elementos teóricos e biográficos, buscou-se, neste artigo, apresentar algumas características deste primeiro período, quando Marx (e Engels), a partir de pressupostos filosóficos e morais, analisaram a economia política a partir de uma perspectiva externa.
A antítese do sistema sociometabólico do capital: os conselhos proletários como “não-Estado”
Authors: Scartezini Natalia
Published: October 2019

O objeto deste ensaio são os Conselhos proletários: formas organizativas das quais as classes trabalhadoras lançam mão em situações de ascenso revolucionário e/ou de acirramento das contradições classistas com vistas a exercerem a autogestão política e produtiva. A tese aqui defendida é que estes Conselhos possuem intrínseco potencial revolucionário, uma vez que superam o trabalho assalariado e a produção de capital - mediante a socialização dos meios de produção - e superam também o Estado enquanto estrutura de dominação própria do sistema sociometabólico do capital e essencial à sua reprodução. Denominando-os como “não-Estado” defende-se, portanto, a tese de que os Conselhos proletários são a antítese dialética do Estado, e não uma forma específica dele (como é o Estado proletário) e por isso, são dotados de efetiva potencialidade disruptiva com o metabolismo social vigente.
A Batalha da Síria e a nova geopolítica do Oriente Médio
Authors: Buzetto Marcelo
Published: October 2019

Este artigo tem como objetivo analisar o papel e os interesses dos EUA e seus aliados regionais na guerra que está se desenvolvendo na República Árabe Síria desde 2011. Partimos do pressuposto que o governo dos EUA é o único país do mundo que patrocina, ao mesmo, tempo, inúmeras “guerras híbridas”, “guerras por procuração”, se utilizando de táticas conhecidas da época da Guerra Fria, como as “operações de guerra psicológica” e a “guerra de informação”. Consideramos que a Batalha da Síria e seus ensinamentos estão mudando o equilíbrio de forças na geopolítica do Oriente Médio, interrompendo um desejo do imperialismo estadunidense, que é o controle absoluto do território que vai do Mar Mediterrâneo ao Golfo Pérsico.
ATITUDES DE PROFISSIONAIS NA ÁREA DA EDUCAÇÃO FÍSICA ADAPTADA NO ENSINO INCLUSIVO ESCOLAR E ENSINO REGULAR
Authors: Barbosa Nathan Silva , Fileni Carlos Henrique Prevital
Published: October 2019

The inclusion of students with disabilities in regular schools is still a challenge for teachers, especially the insecurity generated by precarious professional training and lack of support structure. Currently in the process of training the Physical Education (PE) professional with their internship experiences or living in the area of Adapted Physical Education (APE), they promote transformations in the professional as personal aspect. The objective of this research was to analyze the attitudes of physical education teachers in relation to inclusive education. A questionnaire containing 48 questions was applied in relation to the professional’s perspective. The sample consisted of 10(ten) professionals of physical education, in the age group of 38.7 (± 8.87) years, being 5 men and 5 women, living in São José do Rio Pardo – SP, Brazil. The results obtained with the present study obtained 5 individuals being completely favorable to inclusion, 3 as a favorable trend and 2 with an indefinite tendency. We can conclude that there is a satisfactory tendency of these professionals being that 8 of them constitute this positive result soon 2 has its indefinite tendencies on the onclusion.
 
Received on: 06/24/2019Reformulated on: 06/30/2019Accepted: 6/30/2019
CONTRIBUIÇÃO DA EDUCAÇÃO FÍSICA PARA O DESENVOLVIMENTO MOTOR E SOCIAL DO ALUNO COM TRANSTORNO DO ESPECTRO DO AUTISMO
Authors: Pinheiro da Silva Isabela Carolina , Prefeito Carina Regina , Toloi Gabriela Galucci
Published: October 2019

From the perspective of education, the school must be set up as a space for everyone.  A place where students can develop knowledge from their own abilities and can express their ideas freely contributing to the construction of the citizen even with their differences. Physical education as a mandatory curricular content is important for the development of the competencies of social relations and motor skills of all students, including those who present some deficiency or Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD). Emphasizing that physical education is able to develop skills and identify specific needs of students by giving the necessary conditions for development contributing to the accomplishment of activities with self-reliance. Similarly identifying the importance of physical education for the motor and social development of students with autism. The purpose of this study was to identify, intervene and evaluate the motor and social action of students with ASD, seeking the contributions that physical education can offer to these people. The work process consists of a field study conducted in a camp with elementary school students from one municipality of São Paulo state. The information were collected through the EDM - Assessment Manual to Assess Children's Motor and Social Development, subsequently specific activities were performed, working the psychomotricity and finally, the tests were reapplied to verify if there was a contribution in the motor development of the children. We could conclude that physical education has priorities to contribute to the motor and social development of students with ASD and through the intervention of psychomotricity actions we could perceive a significant improvement in all areas of development and social needs of people with this disorder, including inclusive classes.
BENEFÍCIOS DA EDUCAÇÃO FÍSICA ESCOLAR PARA O DESENVOLVIMENTO DO ALUNO COM TRANSTORNO DO ESPECTRO AUTISTA NA PERCEPÇÃO DOS PROFESSORES
Authors: Mello Lucas Augusto de , Fiorini Maria Luiza Salzani , Coqueiro Daniel Pereira
Published: October 2019

This is a study that investigates the school inclusion of students with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) from the perspective of physical education teachers. The TEA with several disorders that have some similar features. The person with TEA presents communication in social interaction and behavior. In addition, there is the need to maintain a routine of life, however, each person has your own feature. In the school context, more specifically in physical education classes, the teacher needs to be prepared to deal with students with TEA, the physical education stimulates the development of areas in which they have difficulties. Studies showed a lack of knowledge of professionals on this topic, pointing behind training and adequate training in physical education course. So, research on this theme are of extreme importance to the physical education professional learn how physical activity can be beneficial to develop every aspect of student development with TEA. In this sense, the study aimed to identify PEF perceptions about the benefits of school physical education for the development of students with Autistic Spectrum Disorder. The work comprises a descriptive research. The research project was submitted to the Ethics Committee of the College of higher education and training (FAEF). Survey respondents were 10 physical education teachers who work in the network of municipal education, with classes from 1stto 5thyear and provide classes for regular classes that have at least one student with TEA. In methodological terms, the researchers draw up a questionnaire to be auto filled by the participants, with opened questions related to themes: 1) perception of physical education teacher about the autistic spectrum disorder; and 2) benefits of physical education class for the development of the student with autism spectrum disorder. As a result, was sent to two judges-physical education professionals with experience in special education and in development of questionnaire to assess whether the questions draw up will help to answer the purpose of the research; and, if the writing is adequate. So, after the evaluation of the judges was prepared the second version of the questionnaire. After the PEF answering the questionnaire was analyzed each issue, where the PEF knew set TEA, reported the importance of the physical education classes for the general development of the student with TEA, however some negative issues were cited as the lack the diagnosis of student, school support and knowledge of PEF on the topic, in addition to missing responses more justified in each issue.
 Received on: 06/28/2019Accepted: 06/30/2019
Bairros, Bairros Suburbanos e Subcentros
Authors: Soares Maria Therezinha Segadas
Published: October 2019

Artigo originalmente publicado pelo IBGE em Curso de geografia da Guanabara. Rio de Janeiro, Série Biblioteca Brasileira, nº 21, 1968, p.74-89. Republicação na Revista Espaço Aberto sob permissão concedida pelo FIBGE.
Colonialismo Carbônico na Amazônia?
Authors: Hoefle Scott William
Published: October 2019

Processos inter-regionais de significância global envolvendo desflorestamentocausado por camponeses de frentes de expansão da Amazônia são apresentados pelos olhos destes, que durante a vida passaram de frentes de expansão do Oeste  do Maranhão para os garimpos do Oeste do Pará e retornaram às frentes de expansão na região de Itaituba. Desmascarando a retórica ambientalista, que culpa a agricultura de queimada das zonas tropicais do mundo por problemas globais com emissões carbônicas, a percepção local do modo de vida rural revela como os camponeses escaparam da pobreza aguda do seu lugar de origem, mas acabaram nas condições degradantes do garimpo de ouro e, finalmente, chegaram à situação atual como agricultores pobres, porém independentes nas frentes de expansão do Oeste do Pará. Contudo, essa melhoria relativa de vida é sustentada por sistemas agrícolas que provocam desflorestamento e esgotamento das terras em longo prazo, e, assim, acaba recriando os problemas socioambientais do Nordeste no Norte. Por causa disso, as propostas visando a reduzir a degradação ambiental e a pobreza na Amazônia também devem incluir medidas para solucionar o subdesenvolvimento do Nordeste, que leva tantos camponeses a sair de sua região de origem.
Regionalização Portuária: Rumo a uma Nova Fase no Desenvolvimento Portuário
Authors: Notteboom Theo E. , Rodrigue Jean-Paul
Published: October 2019

A integração logística e lógica reticular no setor portuário-marítimo tem redefinido o papel funcional dos portos em cadeias de valor e gerou novos padrões de distribuição de mercadorias e novas abordagens para a hierarquia portuária. Os modelos existentes de análise da evolução espacial e funcional dos portos e sistemas portuários contribuem apenas parcialmente à compreensão do paradigma de distribuição de mercadorias. Este trabalho tem como objetivo contribuir para a bibliografia existente propondo uma nova do desenvolvimento portuário, a fase da regionalização portuária e da circulação “porta a porta”. É demonstrado que a fase de regionalização e aspectos associados à hinterlândia exigem novas abordagens para a governança portuária e um enfoque funcional que vai além do perímetro tradicional dos portos.
Espacialidades da Museologia e do Turismo de Base Local na Zona Oeste Carioca (RJ): Iniciativas, Dinâmicas e Desafios de um Movimento Cultural Emergente
Authors: Cardoso Diogo Da Silva
Published: October 2019

O propósito deste artigo é dar continuidade ao debate sobre a emergênciade espaços culturais e museais populares na Zona Oeste da cidade do Rio de Janeiro, reflexo do novo cenário político e da paisagem cultural conservadora que a cidade vem construindo e tem desafiado os diferentes agentes culturais locais (produtores culturais, museólogos, professores, artistas, artesãos, contadores de histórias) a erigir espaços de oxigenação estética e cultural para criar um contraponto à tendência que tem se verificado nos bairro periféricos cariocas: destruição do patrimônio arquitetônico, fragilização das expressões culturais populares e ruptura com o modo de vida rural-agrícola que, por décadas, caracterizou esta região que já experimentou alguns codinomes espaciais (sertão, subúrbio, periferia) que, para o paradigma (pós)modernista atualmente em vigor na esfera governamental e nos setores hegemônicos da sociedade, não cabem mais dentro da imagem dominante que se deseja promover da cidade.
Entre o Urbano e o Ribeirinho: Territorialidades Navegantes e Sistemas Territoriais em Parintins (AM) / Between Urban Dweller and Riverine Peasant: Navigating Territorialities and Territorial Systems in Parintins (AM)
Authors: Bartoli Estevan
Published: October 2019

Numa cidade com forte dinâmica ribeirinha constata-se a existência de centralidades sazonais e fragmentos no espaço intraurbano conectados a pontos do território do entorno. Beiras de rio em bairros populares ou portos privatizados por empresas comerciais da cidade denotam diferentes temporalidades, lógicas de uso e circulação de pessoas, onde apresentamos proposta para o entendimento do Sistema Territorial Urbano-Ribeirinho como mediador na produção de territorialidades. Funciona como complemento dual da economia urbana, abastecendo a economia popular e atividades do capital mercantil, possibilitando extração sazonal de recursos através de práticas espaciais de pescadores e carpinteiros navais.
Using Real World Evidence to Describe Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension Treatment Patterns, Healthcare Resource Utilization, and Costs Associated with PDE-5 Inhibitor Monotherapy
Authors: Ruiz George , Yeaw Jason , Lickert Cassandra A. , De Ajita P. , Wade Rolin L. , Pruett Janis , Drake William
Published: October 2019

Background: Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is described by proliferation of small pulmonary arteries leading to increased pulmonary vascular resistance, right ventricular failure, and death. Research confirms long-term improvement in composite morbidity and mortality endpoints on some endothelin receptor antagonists alone and in combination with phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitors (PDE-5is) but not with PDE-5i monotherapy. While current treatment guidelines incorporate these findings, a substantial number of patients are started or maintained on PDE-5i monotherapy.

Objectives: This study describes real-world clinical practice and treatment patterns with PDE-5i monotherapy including events indicative of clinical worsening, treatment modifications, adherence, allcause healthcare resource utilization, and costs.

Methods: This retrospective study analyzed PharMetrics Plus claims data including 150 million lives; study period was January 1, 2009 through December 31, 2013. Eligible patients were ≥18 years with ≥1 inpatient or ≥2 outpatient claims ≥30 days apart, a diagnosis of pulmonary hypertension or other chronic pulmonary heart disease, and an initial PDE-5i prescription. To include only World Health Organization group 1 PAH patients, ≥1 encounter for right-heart catheterization or Doppler echocardiogram was required during the pre-index period.

Results: PDE-5i monotherapy for PAH treatment was associated with high treatment modification rates, low adherence, increased healthcare resource utilization, and high costs. At 12 months post index, 41.5% of patients experienced treatment modification. For the index therapy, 47% of patients had ≥80% adherence to therapy. Almost 50% of patients had ≥1 hospitalization, with costs increased three fold to $197 111 compared to $59 164 for non-hospitalized patients.

Conclusions: Initial treatment with PDE-5i monotherapy was associated with substantial direct medical costs, including hospitalizations and emergency department visits, low therapy adherence and a high rate of treatment modifications.
What Drives Responses to Willingness-to-pay Questions? A Methodological Inquiry in the Context of Hypertension Self-management
Authors: Kaambwa Billingsley , Bryan Stirling , Frew Emma , Bray Emma , Greenfield Sheila , McManus Richard J
Published: October 2019

Background: The use of economic evaluation to determine the cost-effectiveness of health interventions is recommended by decision-making bodies internationally. Understanding factors that explain variations in costs and benefits is important for policy makers. Objective: This work aimed to test a priori hypotheses defining the relationship between benefits of using self-management equipment (measured using the willingness-to-pay (WTP) approach) and a number of demographic and other patient factors. Methods: Data for this study were collected as part of the first major randomised controlled trial of self-monitoring combined with self-titration in hypertension (TASMINH2). A contingent valuation framework was used with patients asked to indicate how much they were willing to pay for equipment used for self-managing hypertension. Descriptive statistics, simple statistical tests of differences and multivariate regression were used to test six a priori hypotheses. Results: Data for this study were collected as part of the first major randomised controlled trial of self-monitoring combined with self-titration in hypertension (TASMINH2). A contingent valuation framework was used with patients asked to indicate how much they were willing to pay for equipment used for self-managing hypertension. Descriptive statistics, simple statistical tests of differences and multivariate regression were used to test six a priori hypotheses. Conclusion: The majority of hypertensive patients who had taken part in a self-management study were prepared to purchase the self-monitoring equipment using their own funds, more so for men, those with higher incomes and those with greater satisfaction. Further research based on bigger and more diverse populations is recommended.
Travel Burden and the Direct Medical Costs of Urologic Surgery
Authors: Olson Daniel J. , Gore John L. , Daratha Kenn B. , Roberts Kenneth P.
Published: October 2019

Background: Increased surgical volume is associated with better patient outcomes and shorter lengths of hospitalization. As a consequence, traveling to receive care from a high volume provider may be associated with better outcomes. However, travel may also be associated with a decision by the healthcare provider to increase the length of stay due to a decreased ability to return to the primary hospital should complications arise. Thus, research is needed to understand the relationship between the distance a patient must travel and their outcomes following urologic surgery.

Objective: The purpose of this study was to determine whether the distance a patient travels to receive urologic surgery is associated with their length of hospital stay and direct medical hospitalization costs.

Methods: This was a retrospective observational cohort study of 12 106 patients over 50 years of age undergoing transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP), radical prostatectomy (RP) or radical cystectomy (RC) in Washington State hospitals between 2009 and 2013. Distance traveled was determined by calculating the linear distance between zip code centroids of patient residence and the hospital performing their procedure. Patients were sorted into four groups classified by distance traveled (≤5 miles, 6-20 miles, 21-50 miles and ≥51 miles) and cost calculated using a charges-to-reimbursement ratio for each hospital. Statistical significance was determined using a Kruskal-Wallis test.

Results: Patients traveling greater distances had significantly lower median medical costs compared with patients who lived closer to the hospitals where they underwent TURP and RP (TURP: ≤5 miles, $6243 and ≥51 miles, $5105, p≤0.001; RP: ≤5 miles, $12 407 and ≥51 miles, $11 882, p≤0.001), whereas there was no significant difference for patients undergoing RC (≤5 miles, $27 554 and ≥51 miles, $26 761, p=0.17). Likewise, patients traveling greater distances had significantly lower median lengths of hospitalization for TURP and RP (TURP: p≤0.001, RP: p≤0.001), while there was no difference for RC (p=0.50).

Conclusions: Patient travel burden does appear to play a role in cost and length of hospital stay for select urologic procedures with variable levels of morbidity and recovery time. Although these findings are statistically significant, the magnitude of the effect is small.
Perspectives of solid waste management in rural Cambodia
Authors: Creaser Edward , Smith Jeremy , Thomson Andrew
Published: October 2019

We present perspectives of solid waste in the Cambodian community of Koh Dambang, situated on the Mekong River, identified through a field-based mixed-methods study. We found that Koh Dambang had no waste service and households were responsible for their waste management. The residents interviewed produce approximately 0.4 to 1 kg of waste per person per day, where typically half of the waste is burnt, a quarter is buried and the remainder is dumped. Our research highlighted the desire for a community-level waste management plan. Some degree of waste management centralisation would have environmental, health and economic benefits for the residents, where expert consultation on a community-level incinerator or alternative would also be beneficial, although this is embedded in our existing external perspectives of waste management. Further consideration of the views of the whole community and its administration is required before a strategy could be proposed.
Differences Between Portion, Intake Fruit And Vegetable On Packed And School Lunch To Recommended The Balanced Nutrition Guidelines In Sdit Thariq Bin Ziyad
Authors: Sarahita Anggie Maramis , Anwar Irfanny
Published: October 2019

Elementary Islamic Primary School (SDIT) Thariq Bin Ziyad is located in the residential area of Pondok Hijau Permai-Bekasi Timur is an Islamic elementary school that has the concept of full day school, where all students spend about 7 hours in school on Monday to Friday. At lunch time students are required to bring lunch from home or attend catering provided by the school. Based on preliminary test results found not that all students bring lunch contain vegetables and fruit or not suitable for the needs of primary school children. The purpose of this study was to differences portion and intake fruit and vegetable on Packed Meal and School lunch to Recommended Balanced Nutrition Guidelines In SDIT Thariq Bin Ziyad. This research uses food weighing method and interview. The sample of this research is students on grade 3 and 4 who bring food for lunch or catering food, amounted to 72 people. Analysis of univariate and bivariate data using Independent Test T-Test. The results showed that there was a difference between vegetable and fruit portion at Packed and School lunch, there was difference of vegetable intake on Packed and school lunch, and there was no difference between fruit intake at Packed and School lunch.
Antioxidant Activity And Total Phenolic Content Of Date Palms Syrup (Phoenix Dactylifera L)
Authors: Elisya Yetri , Cartika Harpolia , Rizkiana Anindita
Published: October 2019

Palm date fruits (Phoenix dactylifera L) have been used for medical treatment, one of the medical purpose as antioxidant, which is the coumpound for free radical scavenging. In this study used palm juice makes with non sentrifuged method by grounds 200 grams of palm fruit with 20 ml of aquadest and store in room temperature. For date palm syrup used in this study were from certain brand distributed on the market. Antioxidant activity was testing by using DPPH method and determined by spectrophotometry Uv-Vis in wavelength 517nm, and Total Phenolic Content was testing by Folin Ciocalteu method and determined by spectrophotometry Uv-Vis in wavelength 774nm.11 sample of date palm syrup was sampling by purposive sampling methods and then got 2 sample to tested. Date Palm Juice were made by Non Cetrifuged methods. All sample were tested antioxidant activity using DPPH and Total Phenolic Content using Folin Ciocalteu. This study obtained that best operating time for all sample in antioxidant activity is 30 minutes with the highest point is Date Palm Juice 91,54%, Sample X for 86,93% and Sampel Y 89,92%. There was a linear correlation between with the result Total Phenolic Content for Date Palm Juice 9,25 mgGAE/g, Sample X 4,13 mgGAE/g and Sampel Y 4,28 mgGAE/g. Date Palm Juice and Date Palm Syrup could scavenge free radical DPPH in huge concentration and contain phenolic compound.
Efficiency Test Of Colimator Shutter At The X Ray Tube In Radiodiagnostic Laboratory Of Poltekkes Jakarta 2 And Two Clinical Hospitals In Jakarta
Authors: Sari Gando , Wahyuni Gita Putri
Published: October 2019

The purpose of this study was to determine the efficiency of the collimator shutter with the presence or absence of leakage from the collector slit of the x-ray equipment. The type of research used is qualitative method using descriptive cross sectional method, conducting collimatory slot testing against x-ray equipment in laboratory and two installation of Radiology field of clinical practice for student of Radiodiagnostic and Radiotherapy of PoltekkesKemenkes Jakarta II. Result, there was a leakage of collimation shutter with marked blackening on x-rayfilm, on 8 (eight) x-ray equipment, there was a full leakage (very significant), and there was a big leak, and there was a slight leakage. Conclusion, in this research there is one x-ray equipment according to the standard reference (golden standard), set by Permenkes No. 1250 / Menkes / SK / XII / 2009 that is SH x-ray equipment in Y hospital.
العمل التطوعي ودوره في تنمية المجتمع:
رؤية واقعية لدور الجمعيات الأهلية في مدينة مصراتة
Authors: رفيدة فاطمة محمد
Published: October 2019

تمثل قضية العمل التطوعي أهم القضايا التي أصبحت تحتل مكانةً بارزة في العلوم الاجتماعية والفكر الاجتماعي المعاصر؛ وخاصةً نتيجة لما يمر به العالم اليوم من تحولات وتغيرات جعلت القطاع التطوعي يحظى باهتمام كافة المجتمعات والحكومات؛ وذلك لما يقدمه من تنمية وتقدم.
والعمل التطوعي قديم قدم الإنسانية ؛حيث برز في مظاهر متعددة مثل "المعونة" في المجتمعات العربية؛ إذ يقدم الإنسان العون والمساعدة للآخرين دون مقابل، وقد حثت الديانات السماوية على العمل التطوعي الذي تمثل في تقديم المساعدة للفقراء والفئات المحتاجة، وقد ارتبط العمل التطوعي في الدواعي الدينية بعمل الخير بشكل مطلق ؛حتى يمكن القول: إن الخير والعطاء جزء من العبادات(1).
وقد اكتسب العمل التطوعي أهمية خاصةً في مجتمعنا الإسلامي ؛كونه أفضل الأعمال التي يقوم بها المسلم؛ لأنه يأتي بدافع فعل الخير للآخرين، والعمل التطوعي عمل وممارسة إنسانية يدل على درجة رقي المجتمع ؛ فهو يعد مدرسة يتدرب فيها الفرد على تقديم مصلحة المجتمع، ويتعلم كيفية الالتزام بالعمل والحرص عليه، وكذلك يسهم في تحديد أدوار الأفراد واستثمار طاقاتهم ومهاراتهم وتنمية أوقات فراغهم بما يفيد غيرهم.
ولكن لازال كثير من الناس لا يدركون دور العمل التطوعي خصوصاً في تحقيق عملية التنمية، ويتجاهلونه نتيجة التردد ؛ حيث يعتقدون أن العمل التطوعي يعتمد على جماعة معينة واجتهادات شخصية، إلا أن المتتبع للعمل التطوعي يرى أن ميزة العمل التطوعي ؛ بأنه ساهم في تقدم العديد من الدول ؛ وذلك لما يوفره من خدمات واسعة في مجالات متعددة من ميادين حياة الناس.
لذلك ؛ فالمجتمع الرشيد هو المجتمع الذي يعتمد على إمكانياته , ويوظف خبراته وطاقات شبابه في سبيل الارتقاء بأوضاعه ؛ فأدبيات التنمية الحديثة تصف العمل التطوعي برأس المال الاجتماعي ؛ باعتباره ثروة عامة يمتلكها المجتمع، وهنا أصبحت ثقافة التطوع جزءًا لا يتجرأ من ثقافة المجتمعات المتطورة، بما تمثله من منظومة القيم والمبادئ والأخلاقيات والمعايير والممارسات التي تحث على العمل الإيجابي الذي يعود بالنفع على الآخرين.
وبناءً على ذلك؛ فإن العنصر البشري هو من أغنى الموارد التي تمتلكها المؤسسات التطوعية والعمل التطوعي, ويعد من أهم معالم التنمية؛ وذلك لأن اشتراك العديد من الأفراد في الأعمال التطوعية يعني دلالة كبيرة على أن المجتمع استطاع أن يبني طاقة ذاتية قادرة على النهوض به في مختلف المجالات وتحقيق التقدم فوقه.
ومن هنا يحتوي هذا البحث على جزئين: يشتمل الجزء الأول على الإطار النظري للدراسة، سواء تمثل في مفهوم العمل التطوعي وأهميته ودوافعه ومعوقاته، وعلاقته بالتنمية، والجزء الآخر هو محاولة لربط الجزء النظري للدراسة بالواقع الفعلي لدور العمل التطوعي والجمعيات الأهلية.
واقع و تحديات مؤسسات المجتمع المدني في ليبيا في الفترة من 2011-2015م
Authors: بن سعيد محمد سالم
Published: October 2019

فرضت ثورات الربيع العربي واقعا جديدا في الحياة السياسية العربية، حيث بدأت تظهر فيها معالم تحول ديمقراطي، وبناء أنظمة سياسية أكثر ديمقراطية، تحترم فيها قيم المواطنة والمبادئ الديمقراطية، كما ظهر الدور الفاعل لمؤسسات المجتمع المدني القائم على أساس إعادة هندسة الأدوار بين الدولة والمجتمع المدني، وذلك لاستعادة دور المجتمع المدني في إرساء وتكريس التحول الديمقراطي من خلال المشاركة الشعبية وما يتبعها من تقرير القيم الديمقراطية وازدهار ثقافة مدنية ديمقراطية توجه سلوك الأفراد للمشاركة في الحياة السياسية، وهذا ما عزز دورها في وعلى الجانب السياسي، وهذا ما يجعلنا نتساءل عن الدور الذي تقوم به مؤسسات المجتمع المدني في تعزيز مسارات التحول الديمقراطي , وإرساء معالم الديمقراطية والتحديات التي تواجهها في دول الربيع العربي و علي وجه الخصوص في ليبيا .
تهدف هذه الورقة إلي محاولة توضيح الدور الذي قامت به مؤسسات المجتمع المدني من2011 – 2014 م والتحديات التي واجهتها, ووضع رؤية لمستقبل الحياة السياسية في ليبيا علي نحو أكثر عدلاً عبر مساهمة مؤسسات المجتمع المدني وإثرائها للحياة الديمقراطية.
وفي ظل الظهور المفاجئ لمؤسسات المجتمع المدني في ليبيا المصاحب لثورة 17 فبراير انطلق هذا البحث من طرح التساؤلات التالية :
 ما هي طبيعة مؤسسات المجتمع المدني , وما هو دورها في المجتمع ؟
 متى ظهرت مؤسسات المجتمع المدني في ليبيا وما الدور الذي لعبته في تاريخ ليبيا السياسي؟
 ما هو دور مؤسسات المجتمع المدني في ثورة 17 فبراير ؟
 ما هي التحديات التي تواجه هذه المؤسسات ؟
 هل سيكون لها تأثير علي المسار الديمقراطي وفي صناعة القرار ؟
 ما هي التحديات التي تواجهها هذه المؤسسات ؟
 مؤسسات المجتمع المدني في ليبيا مازالت فتية وحديثة النشأة ؛ هل لذلك أثر علي أدائها؟
Occupational injuries and illnesses in rubber factory: Profile, Potential Hazards and possible prevention
Authors: Irfani Tri Hari
Published: October 2019

Rubber is one of the important commodities in the world. Globally, workers are facing so many problems of hazards that produce by rubber process. In Indonesia, there are several data of occupational problems such as respiratory diseases, muscle and skeletal diseases, gastrointestinal diseases, diseases of the teeth and oral cavity, skin diseases and skin tissue. In Iranian rubber factory, Iran, workers had suffered from some kind of musculoskeletal symptoms. Stomach and liver cancers in workers are having in Shanghai tire factory. In addition, Germany has cancer problem of their workers who work in rubber factory. Most of the rubber process in the factory can cause some hazards of the workers. In unloading area and area that operator is taking the dirt manually, workers are facing ergonomic problems. The possible control is reduce weight of load, team lift the object with two or more workers and Use mechanical assist. Machine safeguarding is essential for protecting from Cutting process that can make workers amputation organs such as hands, and fingers. In bale process, the workers need to cut raw rubber into bale in bale cutting. Furthermore, workers are facing with amputation problem. To manage that, It must be designed as a standard which has interlocking guards to prevent access to the cutting area. When wrapped using plastic, workers use a heated iron and sticked in plastic so that it blends neatly. The risks are fingers can cut accidently and then the workers also get contamination from polyvinyl chloride (PVC). The possible preventions are use an automatic plastic wrapping machine with palletized product sitting on a turntable and respirator. Another problem is contact dermatitis that has been reported frequently among rubber workers. The prevention for that problem is using Gloves. The aim of researcher is to provide the profile of occupational injuries and illnesses, potential hazards in rubber factory to prevent the workers.
Fecal coliform bacteria and factors related to its growth at the Sekotong shallow wells (West Nusa Tenggara, Indonesia)
Authors: Sinaga Doni Marisi , Robson Mark Gregory , Gasong Beatrix Trikurnia , Halel Adonia Getse , Pertiwi Dian
Published: October 2019

Background: The poor sanitation and small numbers of households who own toilet in Sekotong regency may relate to the diarrheal events due to the fecal coliform contamination in drinking water.Aim: This paper aims to provide the concentrations of fecal coliform bacteria in shallow well waters and the factors associated to its growth.Method: Fifteen groundwater samples were collected from 5 shallow wells to provide the concentrations of total fecal coliform bacteria (FC), mercury concentration, inorganic nitrogen compounds (represent as ammonia, nitrate, and nitrite), total phosphorus (TP), dissolved oxygen (D), pH, and salinity. The concentration of the parameters was then compared to the safe limit set by World Health Organization (WHO).Results: The results indicated that the drinking water resources at the Sekotong regency were contaminated by coliform and mercury. One location with low mercury concentration was recorded with E. coli contamination. Residence, agriculture, and animal livestock were subjected as the sources of coliform contamination. Mercury concentrations may inverse the growth of FC. No apparent relationship was found between total phosphorous and inorganic nitrogen compounds to FC growth. However, we recognized the FC growth responded positively to the level of phosphorous in waters, but associated negatively to nitrate concentration. An inverse correlation was also found between coliform survival and salinity in this study. The pH range at 6.05 – 6.50 supported FC survival.Conclusion: The drinking water resources at the Sekotong shallow wells were contaminated by coliform and mercury. It is important for local government to inform drinking water protection and treatment.
A High Spectral Resolution Study of the Soft X-Ray Background with the X-Ray Quantum Calorimeter
Authors: Wulf Dallas , Eckart Megan E , Galeazzi Massimiliano , Jaeckel Felix , Kelley Richard L , Kilbourne Caroline A , Morgan Kelsey M , Porter F Scott , McCammon Dan , Szymkowiak Andrew E
Published: October 2019

We present here a combined analysis of four high spectral resolution observations of the Diffuse X-ray Background, made using the University of Wisconsin-Madison/Goddard Space Flight Center X-ray Quantum Calorimeter sounding rocket payload. The observed spectra support the existence of a ∼0.1 keV Local Hot Bubble and a ∼0.2 keV Hot Halo, with discrepancies between repeated observations compatible with expected contributions of time-variable emission from Solar Wind Charge Exchange. An additional component of ∼0.9 keV emission observed only at low galactic latitudes can be consistently explained by unresolved dwarf M stars.