bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
O ensino de geografia e seus desafios: o estágio curricular para o desenvolvimento de um professor pesquisador
Authors: Monteiro Aldayr de Oliveira , Jucá Sandro César Silveira , Silva Solonildo Almeida da , Freire Luciana Braga de Oliveira , Lima Patrícia Ribeiro Feitosa , Rocha Paulo César da Silva
Published: June 2019

Este artigo tem como objetivo refletir sobre o ensino de geografia nas escolas públicas brasileiras da educação básica e ainda sobre a atuação do estagiário no contexto da estrutura escolar, esta precarizada, dentro da crise teórico-metodológica da ciência geográfica. Tem como abordagem investigativa uma natureza qualitativa e explicativa e O tipo de pesquisa desenvolvida é uma Pesquisa bibliográfica e documental. A geografia é uma ciência que possui características sui generis, pois na construção de seus conteúdos a interdisciplinaridade é predominante e não de forma transversal ou esporádica. Entretanto, na prática pedagógica e de ensino em sala de aula muitos professores tendem a fragmentação do saber, ou seja: abordam os assuntos de forma fragmentada, descolada das demais ciências sem as reflexões necessárias para o entendimento integral. No decurso de um estágio acadêmico, o futuro professor de geografia pode intervir na escola atuando como um pesquisador por meio de projetos, abordando as temáticas da geografia de forma interdisciplinar. A abordagem teórico-metodológica do ensino de geografia deve contemplar uma concepção de uma geografia crítica em sintonia com o construtivismo, pois possibilita que aluno se sinta motivado no processo de ensino-aprendizagem, promovendo uma ressignificação dos conteúdos, tornando-o um sujeito investigador e problematizador na construção do saber geográfico.
The Effect of Learning Model and Task Assessment Regarding Student Learning Outcomes of Science by Controlling Student Prior Knowledge
Authors: Pusung Supit
Published: June 2019

The purpose of this research is to find out the effect of learning model and task assessment regarding achievement of science by controlling student prior knowledge.This research is experimental which have factorial design 2 x 2. Samples for this research are students who had contracted basic concepts of science. The sample taken by Simple Random Sampling. Afterward, the results showed that: (1) science learning outcomes of student which have been taught using Jigsaw cooperative models are higher than those taught using STAD cooperative model by controlling student prior knowledge, (2) science learning outcomes of students who are assessed using structured assessment are higher than those assessed using portfolio asssessment by controlling student prior knowledge, (3) there is an interaction effect between learning model and the task assessment on achievement of students in learning science by controlling student prior knowledge, (4) science  achievement of students who have been taught using Jigsaw model are higher compared to those taught using STAD models for the group of students with assess using structured assessment by controlling student prior knowledge, (5) science  achievement of students who have been assessed using structured assessment are lower compared to those who assessed using portfolio assessment for the group of students with taught using STAD model by controlling student prior knowledge. Thus, the linier effect of prior knowledge on student learning outcomes of science does not have significant difference between four groups of students formed by learning model and intelligence..
Government Regulations toward Investment Law in Indonesia
Authors: RS Nurianto , Chuzaibi Ahmad Fata’al
Published: June 2019

Economic sector is one of public welfare benchmarks as outlined in the opening of the 4th paragraph of the 1945 Constitution, namely the welfare of the nation's life. In the current economic development, it has triggered the importance of investment for Indonesia to be able to compete in the realm of global market competition. But the dependence on foreign investment will be a boomerang for Indonesia. Thus, this study is aimed to find out the investment law regulate by Government in Indonesia. Afterward, normative approach relating to foreign investment in Indonesia will be described as method in this study. Based on the study, it was concluded that with the existence of Law Number 25/2007 concerning investment and various implementing regulations, it was one form of government action concerned with the development of the investment sector. Therefore, the regulation can provide legal protection for both Indonesian citizens and foreign investors.
SALDIRI TESPİT SİSTEMLERİNE MAKİNE ÖĞRENME ETKİSİ
Authors: TAKAOĞLU Mustafa , ÖZER Çağdaş
Published: June 2019

Teknoloji ilerledikçe ve
insanlar ile makineler arasındaki bağlantı arttıkça, sistem ve veri güvenliği
daha önemli hale gelmektedir. Saldırganlar, sistemleri inceleyerek açıklarını
bulmaya çalışmakta ve kimi zaman da başarıya ulaşmaktadırlar. Başarıya ulaşan
saldırılar maddi manevi zararlara yol açmaktadır. Bunların önüne geçebilmek
için anti virüs veya güvenlik duvarları kullanılmaktadır. Anti virüs ve
güvenlik duvarları uzman saldırganlara karşı her zaman etkin bir savunma sağlayamayabilirler.
Bu ve benzer sorunlardan yola çıkılarak saldırı tespit sistemleri
geliştirilmeye çalışılmıştır. Bunu, çeşitli sistemlerden ve ağ kaynaklarından
bilgi toplayarak ve sonra olası güvenlik sorunları için bilgileri analiz ederek
gerçekleştirirler. Çalışmamızda bu sorunlara odaklanılmış ve makine öğrenmesi
tekniklerini, bilinen saldırı çeşitlerini ve sunucu tabanlı saldırı
yöntemlerinin verilerini kullanarak saldırı tespit sistemi eğitmek
amaçlanmıştır. Bu doğrultuda çalışmamızda, CesarFTP, WebDAV, Icecast, Tomcat,
OS SMB, OS Print Spool, PMWiki, Wireless Karma, PDF N, Backdoored Executable,
Browser Attack, Infectious Media saldırı verileri birleştirilerek veri seti oluşturulmuştur.
Ortaya çıkan bu veri seti ise Destek Vektör Makinesi (DVM) ve Naive Bayes (NB)
kullanılarak sınıflandırılmış ve eğitilmiştir ve elde edilen sonuçlar
paylaşılmıştır. DVM ile sistemin eğitilmesi ve test edilmesinden sonra 0,7129 başarı
oranına, ardından tekrar uygulanan boyut azaltma ve Temel Bileşen Analizi sonrasında
Naive Bayes ile birlikte 0,7914 başarı seviyesine ulaşılmıştır. Bu da bahsi
geçen saldırı verileri kullanılarak eğitilen saldırı tespit sistemi aktif ve
çalışıyor konumda iken, gelen saldırıları %79 oranında doğru tespit
edebildiğini göstermiştir.
Hermann Heller on Authoritarian Liberalism and the Form of Democratic State
Authors: KARS KAYNAR Ayşegül
Published: June 2019

This study examines Hermann Heller’s ideas on authoritarian liberalism and the form of the democratic state, which continue to be relevant for current discussions on the rise of authoritarian neoliberal regimes. Heller conceives democracy as popular sovereignty. Accordingly, the principle of popular sovereignty imposes a certain form to a state, which is nothing other than the constitutional state. He inseparably binds the organizational features of constitutional state (such as the rule of statutory law and separation of powers) to popular sovereignty, so that one side cannot be effectively realized in the absence of the other. On the other hand, he makes a sound and theoretically backed examination of what the authoritarian state actually is. In this way, Heller develops solid arguments against the efforts to reconcile authoritarian form of the state with popular sovereignty. Heller addresses conventional concepts such as parliamentarism, democratic authority, and the constitutional state, which are often considered outmoded or obsolete. While he clarifies the meaning of these concepts and analyzes their connection with the state organs, he defends and graces them as well.
Kurumsal Sosyal Sorumluluk Çerçevesinde İşletme-Sivil Toplum Kuruluşları İşbirliklerinin Dinamikleri: Türkiye Örneği
Authors: BOZAYKUT BÜK Tuba , AKBOĞA Sema
Published: June 2019

Her geçen gün daha da yaygınlaşan kurumsal sosyal sorumluk uygulamaları, sivil toplum kuruluşlarını
işletmeler için önemli bir stratejik ortak konumuna taşımıştır. Bu çerçevede çalışma, işletmelerin kaynak
sürdürebilirliği ve toplumsal refahı sağlamak amacıyla gerçekleştirdikleri kurumsal sosyal sorumluluk
faaliyetleri çerçevesinde sivil toplum kuruluşlarıyla yaptıkları iş birliklerini etkileyen faktörleri incelemektedir.
Çalışmada öncelikle kurumsal sosyal sorumluluk alanının gelişiminde işletme-sivil toplum kuruluşları iş
birliklerinin rolü tartışılmış, ardından finansal performansın, yasal çerçevenin ve sektörün bu iş birlikleri
üstündeki etkileri analiz edilmiştir. Araştırma soruları, Borsa İstanbul Sürdürülebilirlik Endeksinde yer alan
işletmelerin 2009-2016 dönemi yıllık faaliyet raporları ve finansal raporları kullanılarak oluşturan panel veri
setine ikili lojistik regresyon analizi uygulanarak cevaplanmıştır. Yapılan analizler, satış karlılığı arttıkça,
işletme-sivil toplum kuruluşları iş birliklerinin arttığını göstermiştir. İmalat sanayinde faaliyet gösteren
işletmelerin sivil toplum kuruluşlarıyla geliştirdikleri iş birliklerinin diğer sektörlere göre sayıca daha yüksek
olduğu bir diğer araştırma bulgusudur. Ayrıca, faaliyet raporlarında sosyal sorumluluk projelerine yer
verilmesinin önerildiği yasal tebliğin bu iş birlikleri üstünde bir etkisinin olmadığı görülmüştür.
A Novel Consistent Quality Driven for JEM Based Distributed Video Coding
Authors: Trieu Duong Dinh , Phi Cong Huy , Hoang Van Xiem
Published: June 2019

Distributed video coding (DVC) is an attractive and promising solution for low complexity constrained video applications, such as wireless sensor networks or wireless surveillance systems. In DVC, visual quality consistency is one of the most important issues to evaluate the performance of a DVC codec. However, it is the fact that the quality of the decoded frames that is achieved in most recent DVC codecs is not consistent and it is varied with high quality fluctuation. In this paper, we propose a novel DVC solution named Joint exploration model based DVC (JEM-DVC) to solve the problem, which can provide not only higher performance as compared to the traditional DVC solutions, but also an effective scheme for the quality consistency control. We first employ several advanced techniques that are provided in the Joint exploration model (JEM) of the future video coding standard (FVC) in the proposed JEM-DVC solution to effectively improve the performance of JEM-DVC codec. Subsequently, for consistent quality control, we propose two novel methods, named key frame quantization (KF-Q) and Wyner-Zip frame quantization (WZF-Q), which determine the optimal values of the quantization parameter (QP) and quantization matrix (QM) applied for the key and WZ frame coding, respectively. The optimal values of QP and QM are adaptively controlled and updated for every key and WZ frames to guarantee the consistent video quality for the proposed codec unlike the conventional approaches. Our proposed JEM-DVC is the first DVC codec in literature that employs the JEM coding technique, and then all of the results that are presented in this paper are new. The experimental results show that the proposed JEM-DVC significantly outperforms the relevant DVC benchmarks, notably the DISCOVER DVC and the recent H.265/HEVC based DVC, in terms of both Peak signal-to-noise ratio (PSNR) performance and consistent visual quality.
A Study on Technology Competition of Graphene Biomedical Technology Based on Patent Analysis
Authors: Yang Xi , Liu Xin , Song Jun
Published: June 2019

Graphene, with high biocompatibility, physiological solubility and stability, has been reported as an emerging material for biomedical applications such as biosensors, drug delivery, and tissue engineering. Recently, identifying the technological competition (TC) of graphene biomedical technology has received worldwide attention from stakeholders. However, few studies have attached great importance to review the TC of this field by the analysis of patents. The main objective of this study is to develop a new and comprehensive method to investigate TC in a given technology field by conducting a patent review and then employing a patent roadmap to dig out the technology opportunity. The effectiveness of the approach is verified with the case study on graphene biomedical technology. Compared to previous research, this study makes the following important contributions. First, this study provides a new and systematic framework for the dynamic analysis of TC in a given technology field. It also extends the research perspectives of TC for industry, assignees, and technology, employs a patent roadmap to dig out technology opportunities, and enables stakeholders to understand TC from a dynamic perspective. Second, this study integrates patent analysis with a patent roadmap that has not appeared in existing methodologies of patent review. Third, it first introduces indicators (e.g., high value patent and competition position of top assignees) to the previous patent roadmap and provides a new methodology for patent roadmaps from a country level and assignee level. Finally, this study provides useful information for stakeholders interested in graphene biomedical technology, helps them to find new technology opportunities in this field, encourages them to determine the direction of future research, and has important significance for its application to diverse other emerging technologies.
En-Face Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography for Longitudinal Monitoring of Retinal Injury
Authors: Luisi Jonathan , Liu Wei , Zhang Wenbo , Motamedi Massoud
Published: June 2019

A customized Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography (OCTA) algorithm and Orthogonal OCT (en-face and B-Scans) were used for longitudinal assessment of retina murine vascular and tissue remodeling comparing photoreceptor ablation and laser-induced Choroidal Neovascularization (CNV). In the mouse model, we utilized a combined OCTA/OCT technique to image and quantify morphological and vascular features of laser lesions over time. This approach enabled us to monitor and correlate the dynamics of retina vascular and tissue remodeling as evidenced by swelling, edema, and scarring. From the OCT B-Scans, three stages of inflammatory progression were identified: the early response occurring within hours to day 3, the transition phase from 3–7 days, and the late stage of 7–21 days entering either the resolving phase or chronic phase, respectively. For the case of CNV, en-face OCTA revealed a transient non-perfusion of inner retina capillaries, specifically Deep Vascular Plexus (DVP), which corresponded to growth in lesions of a height of 200 µm or greater. Non-perfusion first occurred at 24 hours, persisted during edema and CNV formation days 7–14. In contrast, the acute inflammation induced photoreceptor damage, but no detectable alterations to the microvasculature were observed. We demonstrated that the en-face OCTA system is capable of visualizing capillary networks (∼5 µm) and the corresponding tissue remodeling and growth dynamics allowing for separating acute injury from CNV. For the first time, by using OCTA we observed the presence of the 5–10 μm capillary non-perfusion present in DVP as part of CNV formation and the associated wound healing in the retina.
Confidence Interval Based Fuzzy Evaluation Model for an Integrated-Circuit Packaging Molding Process
Authors: Yang Chun-Ming , Lin Kuo-Ping , Chen Kuen-Suan
Published: June 2019

The electronics industry in Taiwan has achieved a complete information and communication technology chain with a firm position in the global electronics industry. The integrated-circuit (IC) packaging industry chain adopts a professional division of labor model, and each process (including wafer dicing, die bonding, wire bonding, molding, and other subsequent processes) must have enhanced process capabilities to ensure the quality of the final product. Increasing quality can also lower the chances of waste and rework, lengthen product lifespan, and reduce maintenance, which means fewer resources invested, less pollution and damage to the environment, and smaller social losses. This contributes to the creation of a green process. This paper developed a complete quality evaluation model for the IC packaging molding process from the perspective of a green economy. The Six Sigma quality index (SSQI), which can fully reflect process yield and quality levels, is selected as a primary evaluation tool in this study. Since this index contains unknown parameters, a confidence interval based fuzzy evaluation model is proposed to increase estimation accuracy and overcome the issue of uncertainties in measurement data. Finally, a numerical example is given to illustrate the applicability and effectiveness of the proposed method.
Fundamentals and Applications of Hybrid LWFA-PWFA
Authors: Hidding Bernhard , Beaton Andrew , Boulton Lewis , Corde Sebastién , Doepp Andreas , Habib Fahim , Heinemann Thomas , Irman Arie , Karsch Stefan , Kirwan Gavin , Knetsch Alexander , Manahan Grace , Martinez de la Ossa Alberto , Nutter Alastair , Scherkl Paul , Schramm Ulrich , Ullmann Daniel
Published: June 2019

Fundamental similarities and differences between laser-driven plasma wakefield acceleration (LWFA) and particle-driven plasma wakefield acceleration (PWFA) are discussed. The complementary features enable the conception and development of novel hybrid plasma accelerators, which allow previously not accessible compact solutions for high quality electron bunch generation and arising applications. Very high energy gains can be realized by electron beam drivers even in single stages because PWFA is practically dephasing-free and not diffraction-limited. These electron driver beams for PWFA in turn can be produced in compact LWFA stages. In various hybrid approaches, these PWFA systems can be spiked with ionizing laser pulses to realize tunable and high-quality electron sources via optical density downramp injection (also known as plasma torch) or plasma photocathodes (also known as Trojan Horse) and via wakefield-induced injection (also known as WII). These hybrids can act as beam energy, brightness and quality transformers, and partially have built-in stabilizing features. They thus offer compact pathways towards beams with unprecedented emittance and brightness, which may have transformative impact for light sources and photon science applications. Furthermore, they allow the study of PWFA-specific challenges in compact setups in addition to large linac-based facilities, such as fundamental beam–plasma interaction physics, to develop novel diagnostics, and to develop contributions such as ultralow emittance test beams or other building blocks and schemes which support future plasma-based collider concepts.
Technology Portfolio and Role of Public Research Institutions in Industry 4.0: A Case of South Korea
Authors: Lim SungUk , Kim Junmo
Published: June 2019

The 4th industrial revolution has been a hot topic in various societies for several overlapping reasons. It may be a huge wave for researchers to navigate through. In this context, research institutions are not different from major industrial sectors, in that both consider the 4th revolution a major turning point as well as a threat. Today’s industries and research institutions are knowledge-intensive in nature. Consequently, their potential for survival depends on scientific and technological aspects as well as their organizational dimension. This study analyzes 25 major public research institutions in South Korea, located in the DaeDuk area, based on their technological capability for organizational and expert evaluation. It also proposes a matching scheme between research institutions and research topics related to the 4th industrial revolution.
Seismogenic Disturbances of the Ionosphere During High Geomagnetic Activity
Authors: Namgaladze Aleksandr , Karpov Mikhail , Knyazeva Maria
Published: June 2019

Herein, we analyze the variations in the ionosphere for the period of two weeks before the M6.7 earthquake in India on 3 January 2016. The earthquake occurred after a series of magnetic substorms on 31 December 2015 and 1 January 2016. The relative total electron content (TEC) disturbances have been estimated using global TEC maps and calculated numerically using the 3D global first-principle Upper Atmosphere Model (UAM) for the whole period including the days before, during, and after the substorms. Numerical simulations were repeated with the seismogenic vertical electric currents switched on at the earthquake epicenter. The UAM calculations have reproduced the general behavior of the ionosphere after the main phase of the geomagnetic storm on 1 January 2016 in the form of negative TEC disturbances propagating from high latitudes, being especially strong in the Southern (summer condition) Hemisphere. It was shown that the local ionospheric effects of seismic origin can be identified in the background of the global geomagnetic disturbances. The seismo-ionospheric effects are visible in the nighttime regions with the additional negative TEC disturbances extending from the eastern side of the epicenter meridian to the western side, both in the observations and in the UAM simulations. It was found that the vertical electric field and corresponding westward component of the electromagnetic [E × B] drift played a decisive role in the formation of the ionospheric precursors of this earthquake.
The Push and Pull of Network Mobility: How Those High in Trait-Level Neuroticism Can Come to Occupy Peripheral Network Positions
Authors: Gladstone Eric , O’Connor Kathleen M. , Taylor Wyatt
Published: June 2019

Field research shows that people’s network positions are determined, at least in part, by their traits. For instance, over time, actors higher in trait-level neuroticism move out to the network periphery. What is unknown is how this happens. Drawing on personality and social psychological theory, we generated a model that could explain the movement of actors who are higher in neuroticism. Our aim is to add to the existing empirical literature on the interplay of actor level traits and social networks, and do so using methods that can establish possible causal pathways. In four experiments, we tested two explanatory mechanisms—aversion on the part of alters and avoidance on the part of focal actors. Results showed that potential alters indeed perceived actors higher in neuroticism as aversive, leading them to block these actors from well-connected spots. Specifically, low perceived levels of likability prevented actors from being nominated to better positions. In a test of avoidance, actors higher in neuroticism recognized the benefits of better-connected network positions, but also saw them as costly, and thus, declined opportunities to occupy them. This work shows how both alters and egos can determine egos’ place in networks, and specifies how this is done.
User’s Lifestyle and the Thermal Performance of the Compound House: An Appraisal
Authors: Fashuyi Olugbenga S , Alfa Mohammed T
Published: June 2019

This study examines the impact of thermal performance of Yoruba compound house on the user’s lifestyle to cope with discomfort hours. A compound house was simulated using Autodesk Ecotect software. The study found that the front and right sides of the building have the lowest temperatures due to the combined effects of indirect and interzonal heat transfers. The research highlighted that while the user’s lifestyle in the Yoruba compound house relies on the veranda to cope with discomfort hours, residents of multi-dwelling compound houses rely on a lifestyle of housing adjustments. The study concludes that the thermal properties of the Yoruba compound house are complemented by the user’s lifestyle to cope with the discomfort hours.
The d16HER2 Splice Variant: A Friend or Foe of HER2-Positive Cancers?
Authors: Castagnoli Lorenzo , Ladomery Michael , Tagliabue Elda , Pupa Serenella M.
Published: June 2019

Human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (ERBB2 or HER2) amplification/overexpression is associated with a particularly aggressive molecular subtype of breast cancer (BC), characterized by a poor prognosis, increased metastatic potential, and disease recurrence. As only approximately 50% of HER2-positive patients respond to HER2-targeted therapies, greater knowledge of the biology of HER2 and the mechanisms that underlie drug susceptibility is needed to improve cure rates. Evidence suggests that the coexistence of full-length, wild-type HER2 (wtHER2) and altered forms of HER2—such as carboxy-terminus-truncated fragments, activating mutations, and splice variants—significantly increases the heterogeneity of HER2-positive disease, affecting its biology, clinical course, and treatment response. In particular, expression of the d16HER2 splice variant in human HER2-positive BC has a crucial pathobiological function, wherein the absence of sixteen amino acids from the extracellular domain induces the formation of stable and constitutively active HER2 homodimers on the tumor cell surface. Notably, the d16HER2 variant significantly influences the initiation and aggressiveness of tumors, cancer stem cell properties, epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT), and the susceptibility of HER2-positive BC cells to trastuzumab compared with its wtHER2 counterpart, thus constituting a novel and potentially clinically useful biomarker. The aims of this review are to summarize the existing evidence regarding the pathobiological functions of the d16HER2 variant and discuss its current and future value with regard to risk assessment and treatment choices in HER2-positive disease.
The Nucleoshuttling of the ATM Protein: A Unified Model to Describe the Individual Response to High- and Low-Dose of Radiation?
Authors: Berthel Elise , Foray Nicolas , Ferlazzo Mélanie L.
Published: June 2019

The evaluation of radiation-induced (RI) risks is of medical, scientific, and societal interest. However, despite considerable efforts, there is neither consensual mechanistic models nor predictive assays for describing the three major RI effects, namely radiosensitivity, radiosusceptibility, and radiodegeneration. Interestingly, the ataxia telangiectasia mutated (ATM) protein is a major stress response factor involved in the DNA repair and signaling that appears upstream most of pathways involved in the three precited RI effects. The rate of the RI ATM nucleoshuttling (RIANS) was shown to be a good predictor of radiosensitivity. In the frame of the RIANS model, irradiation triggers the monomerization of cytoplasmic ATM dimers, which allows ATM monomers to diffuse in nucleus. The nuclear ATM monomers phosphorylate the H2AX histones, which triggers the recognition of DNA double-strand breaks and their repair. The RIANS model has made it possible to define three subgroups of radiosensitivity and provided a relevant explanation for the radiosensitivity observed in syndromes caused by mutated cytoplasmic proteins. Interestingly, hyper-radiosensitivity to a low dose and adaptive response phenomena may be also explained by the RIANS model. In this review, the relevance of the RIANS model to describe several features of the individual response to radiation was discussed.
Ovarian Cancer Stemness: Biological and Clinical Implications for Metastasis and Chemotherapy Resistance
Authors: Motohara Takeshi , Katabuchi Hidetaka
Published: June 2019

Epithelial ovarian cancer is a highly lethal gynecological malignancy that is characterized by the early development of disseminated metastasis. Though ovarian cancer has been generally considered to preferentially metastasize via direct transcoelomic dissemination instead of the hematogenous route, emerging evidence has indicated that the hematogenous spread of cancer cells plays a larger role in ovarian cancer metastasis than previously thought. Considering the distinctive biology of ovarian cancer, an in-depth understanding of the biological and molecular mechanisms that drive metastasis is critical for developing effective therapeutic strategies against this fatal disease. The recent “cancer stem cell theory” postulates that cancer stem cells are principally responsible for tumor initiation, metastasis, and chemotherapy resistance. Even though the hallmarks of ovarian cancer stem cells have not yet been completely elucidated, metastasized ovarian cancer cells, which have a high degree of chemoresistance, seem to manifest cancer stem cell properties and play a key role during relapse at metastatic sites. Herein, we review our current understanding of the cell-biological mechanisms that regulate ovarian cancer metastasis and chemotherapy resistance, with a pivotal focus on ovarian cancer stem cells, and discuss the potential clinical implications of evolving cancer stem cell research and resultant novel therapeutic approaches.
Tanshinone IIA Restores Dynamic Balance of Autophagosome/Autolysosome in Doxorubicin-Induced Cardiotoxicity via Targeting Beclin1/LAMP1
Authors: Wang Xiaoping , Li Chun , Wang Qiyan , Li Weili , Guo Dongqing , Zhang Xuefeng , Shao Mingyan , Chen Xu , Ma Lin , Zhang Qian , Wang Wei , Wang Yong
Published: June 2019

Clinical use of the anti-cancer drug doxorubicin (DOX) is largely limited due to its severe cardiotoxicity. Dysregulation of autophagy is implicated in DOX-induced cardiotoxicity (DIC). Prior studies have indicated that Beclin1 and lysosomal-associated membrane proteins-1 (LAMP1) are critical mediators of autophagy. In this work, by assessing autophagic flux in a DOX-stimulated H9C2 model, we observed autolysosome accumulation caused by interruption of autolysosome degradation. Tanshinone IIA (TSA) is a well-known small molecule that exerts impressive cardioprotective effects on heart failure. Here, we investigated the regulation of TSA in DOX-treated zebrafish, mice, and H9C2 models. Results demonstrated that TSA remarkably improved heart function and reversed pathological changes in vivo, while TSA restored autophagic flux by promoting autolysosome degradation and autophagosome formation. Further experiments demonstrated that these effects were mediated through upregulation of Beclin1 and LAMP1. The mTOR agonist MHY1485 was shown to abrogate the effect of TSA via the UNC-51-like kinase 1 (ULK1)-Beclin1/TFEB-LAMP1 signaling pathway in vitro, demonstrating that TSA protects against DIC by promoting autophagy via the Beclin1/LAMP1 signaling pathway. We further employed a U87 model to assess whether TSA would compromise the antitumor activity of DOX. Intriguingly, the co-treatment of TSA was able to synergistically inhibit proliferative activity. Collectively, in this study we uncover the novel insight that TSA is able to reduce the cardiotoxicity of DOX without compromising antitumor activity.
Whole-blood DNA Methylation Markers for Risk Stratification in Colorectal Cancer Screening: A Systematic Review
Authors: Raut Janhavi R. , Guan Zhong , Schrotz-King Petra , Brenner Hermann
Published: June 2019

DNA methylation profiles within whole-blood samples have been reported to be associated with colorectal cancer (CRC) occurrence and might enable risk stratification for CRC. We systematically reviewed and summarized studies addressing the association of whole-blood DNA methylation markers and risk of developing CRC or its precursors. We searched PubMed and ISI Web of Knowledge to identify relevant studies published until 12th November 2018. Two reviewers independently extracted data on study population characteristics, candidate genes, methylation measurement methods, methylation levels of patients in comparison to healthy controls, p-values, and odds ratios of the markers. Overall, 19 studies reporting 102 methylation markers for risk assessment of colorectal neoplasms met our inclusion criteria. The studies mostly used Methylation Specific Polymerase Chain Reaction (MS-PCR) for assessing the methylation status of a defined set of genes. Only two studies applied array-based genome-wide assays to assess the methylation levels. Five studies incorporated panels consisting of 2–10 individual methylation markers to assess their potential for stratifying the risk of developing colorectal neoplasms. However, none of these associations was confirmed in an independent cohort. In conclusion, whole-blood DNA methylation markers may be useful as biomarkers for risk stratification in CRC screening, but reproducible risk prediction algorithms are yet to be established by large scale epigenome-wide studies with thorough validation of results in prospective study cohorts including large screening populations. The possibilities of enhancing predictive power by combining methylation data with polygenetic risk scores and environmental risk factors need to be explored.
Enhanced Ni-Al-Based Catalysts and Influence of Aromatic Hydrocarbon for Autothermal Reforming of Diesel Surrogate Fuel
Authors: Ju Dong Geon , Jo Seong Bin , Ha Dong Su , Kim Tae Young , Jung Suk Yong , Chae Ho Jin , Lee Soo Chool , Kim Jae Chang
Published: June 2019

Aromatic hydrocarbons along with sulfur compounds in diesel fuel pose a significant threat to catalytic performances, due mainly to carbon deposition on the catalytic surface. In order to investigate the influence of an aromatic hydrocarbon on the autothermal reforming of diesel fuel, 1-methylnaphthalene (C11H10) was selected as an aromatic hydrocarbon. Two types of diesel surrogate fuel, i.e., DH (dodecane (C12H26) and hexadecane (C16H34) mixture) as well as DHM (DH fuel and C11H10 mixture) fuel, were prepared. A Rh-Al-based catalyst (R5A-I) was prepared using a conventional impregnation method. Various Ni-Al-based catalysts with Fe and Rh promoters were prepared via a polymer modified incipient method to improve the carbon coking resistance. These catalysts were tested under conditions of S/C = 1.17, O2/C = 0.24, 750 °C, and GHSV = 12,000 h-1 at DH or DHM fuel. R5A-I exhibited excellent catalytic performance in both DH and DHM fuels. However, carbon coking and sulfur poisoning resistance were observed in our previous study for the Ni-Al-based catalyst with the Fe promoter, which became deactivated with increasing reaction time at the DHM fuel. In the case of the Rh promoter addition to the Ni-Al-based catalysts, the catalytic performances decreased relatively slowly with increasing (from 1 wt.% (R1N50A) to 2 wt.% (R2N50A)) content of Rh2O3 at DHM fuel. The catalysts were analyzed via scanning electron microscopy combined with energy dispersive X-ray, X-ray diffraction, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry detected various types of hydrocarbons, e.g., ethylene (C2H4), with catalyst deactivation. The results revealed that, among the produced hydrocarbons, C2H4 played a major role in accelerating carbon deposition that blocks the reforming reaction. Therefore, Rh metal deserves consideration as a carbon coking inhibitor that prevents the negative effects of the C2H4 for autothermal reforming of diesel fuel in the presence of aromatic hydrocarbons.
Colorimetric Sensing of Pb2+ Ion by Using Ag Nanoparticles in the Presence of Dithizone
Authors: Roto Roto , Mellisani Bella , Kuncaka Agus , Mudasir Mudasir , Suratman Adhitasari
Published: June 2019

Colorimetric analysis of heavy metal ions can be realized by the aid of Ag nanoparticles to improve the analytical characteristics. The method is based on the localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) properties of the Ag nanoparticles (AgNPs). In this work, we applied the AgNPs with the addition of dithizone to further improve the selectivity and sensitivity of Pb2+ analysis. Colorimetric sensing of Pb2+ ions based on the polyvinyl alcohol (PVA)-stabilized-colloidal AgNPs in the presence of dithizone is reported. A linear decrease in the AgNPs LSPR absorbance at 421 nm was observed along with the increase in the Pb2+ concentration in the range of 0.50–10 µg/L. The other ions give a minor change in the LSPR absorbance of colloidal AgNPs. The Pb2+ limit of detection, the limit of quantification, and sensitivity were found to be 0.64 ± 0.04 µg/L, 2.1 ± 0.15 µg/L, 0.0282 ± 0.0040 L/µg (n = 5), respectively. The obtained sensitivity is comparable with that of the immunosensing method. The proposed method could offer a good alternative for colorimetric analysis of Pb2+ ions by using nanoparticles in the presence of ligands, which can improve selectivity.
Effects of Gestational Age and Early Parenting on Children’s Social Inhibition at 6 Years
Authors: M. Reyes Lucia , Jaekel Julia , Wolke Dieter
Published: June 2019

Preterm birth (<37 weeks’ gestation) has been associated with problems in social functioning. Whether social inhibition is specifically related to preterm birth and whether early parenting may protect against social inhibition difficulties is unknown. To explore effects of gestational age and early parent–infant relationships on social inhibition, 1314 children born at 26–41 weeks gestational age were studied as part of the prospective Bavarian Longitudinal Study. Early parent–infant relationship quality was assessed postnatally with the parent–infant relationship index. Social inhibition was assessed at age 6 years using an experimental procedure, in which nonverbal and verbal responses were coded into social inhibition categories (disinhibited, normally responsive, inhibited). Multinomial logistic regressions indicated that children with lower gestational age showed more socially disinhibited (nonverbal: OR = 1.27 [95% CI = 1.17–1.40], verbal: OR = 1.23 [95% CI 1.13–1.35]) and inhibited (nonverbal: OR = 1.21 [95% CI = 1.11–1.32], verbal: OR = 1.11 [95% CI = 1.01–1.21]) responses. Good early parent–infant relationships were associated with less verbal disinhibition (OR = 0.70 [95% CI = 0.52–0.93]). Findings suggest that children with lower gestational age are at greater risk to be both socially inhibited and disinhibited. Early parenting affected risk of abnormal social responses. Supporting early parent–infant relationships may reduce preterm children’s risk for social difficulties.
New Material of Paleocene-Eocene Pellornis (Aves: Gruiformes) Clarifies the Pattern and Timing of the Extant Gruiform Radiation
Authors: Musser Grace , Ksepka Daniel T. , Field Daniel J.
Published: June 2019

Pellornis mikkelseni is an early gruiform from the latest Paleocene-earliest Eocene Fur Formation of Denmark. At approximately 54 million years old, it is among the earliest clear records of the Gruiformes. The holotype specimen, and only material thus far recognised, was originally considered to comprise a partial postcranial skeleton. However, additional mechanical preparation of the nodule containing the holotype revealed that the skeleton is nearly complete and includes a well-preserved skull. In addition to extracting new information from the holotype, we identify and describe two additional specimens of P. mikkelseni which reveal further morphological details of the skeleton. Together, these specimens show that P. mikkelseni possessed a schizorhinal skull and shared many features with the well-known Paleogene Messelornithidae (“Messel rails”). To reassess the phylogenetic position of P. mikkelseni, we modified an existing morphological dataset by adding 20 characters, four extant gruiform taxa, six extinct gruiform taxa, and novel scorings based on the holotype and referred specimens. Phylogenetic analyses recover a clade containing P. mikkelseni, Messelornis, Songzia and crown Ralloidea, supporting P. mikkelseni as a crown gruiform. The phylogenetic position of P. mikkelseni illustrates that some recent divergence time analyses have underestimated the age of crown Gruiformes. Our results suggest a Paleocene origin for this important clade, bolstering evidence for a rapid early radiation of Neoaves following the end-Cretaceous mass extinction.
Estimating Predictive Rate–Distortion Curves via Neural Variational Inference
Authors: Hahn Michael , Futrell Richard
Published: June 2019

The Predictive Rate–Distortion curve quantifies the trade-off between compressing information about the past of a stochastic process and predicting its future accurately. Existing estimation methods for this curve work by clustering finite sequences of observations or by utilizing analytically known causal states. Neither type of approach scales to processes such as natural languages, which have large alphabets and long dependencies, and where the causal states are not known analytically. We describe Neural Predictive Rate–Distortion (NPRD), an estimation method that scales to such processes, leveraging the universal approximation capabilities of neural networks. Taking only time series data as input, the method computes a variational bound on the Predictive Rate–Distortion curve. We validate the method on processes where Predictive Rate–Distortion is analytically known. As an application, we provide bounds on the Predictive Rate–Distortion of natural language, improving on bounds provided by clustering sequences. Based on the results, we argue that the Predictive Rate–Distortion curve is more useful than the usual notion of statistical complexity for characterizing highly complex processes such as natural language.
Entropy Analysis of Carbon Nanotubes Based Nanofluid Flow Past a Vertical Cone with Thermal Radiation
Authors: Ramzan Muhammad , Mohammad Mutaz , Howari Fares , Chung Jae Dong
Published: June 2019

Our objective in the present study is to scrutinize the flow of aqueous based nanofluid comprising single and multi-walled carbon nanotubes (CNTs) past a vertical cone encapsulated in a permeable medium with solutal stratification. Moreover, the novelty of the problem is raised by the inclusion of the gyrotactic microorganisms effect combined with entropy generation, chemical reaction, and thermal radiation. The coupled differential equations are attained from the partial differential equations with the help of the similarity transformation technique. The set of conservation equations supported by the associated boundary conditions are solved numerically with the bvp4c MATLAB function. The influence of numerous parameters on the allied distributions is scrutinized, and the fallouts are portrayed graphically in the analysis. The physical quantities of interest including the skin friction coefficient and the rate of heat and mass transfers are evaluated versus essential parameters, and their outcomes are demonstrated in tabulated form. For both types of CNTs, it is witnessed that the velocity of the fluid is decreased for larger values of the magnetic and suction parameters. Moreover, the value of the skin friction coefficient drops versus the augmented bioconvection Rayleigh number. To corroborate the authenticity of the presented model, the obtained results (under some constraints) are compared with an already published paper, and excellent harmony is achieved in this regard.
Epilogue—“There is a Crack in Everything …”
Authors: ter Avest K. H. (Ina)
Published: June 2019

In the contributions to this Special Issue, a wealth of context-related approaches and reflections on the relationship between education and religion have been brought together [...]
Optimization of Oleuropein and Luteolin-7-O-Glucoside Extraction from Olive Leaves by Ultrasound-Assisted Technology
Authors: Lama-Muñoz Antonio , Contreras María del Mar , Espínola Francisco , Moya Manuel , Romero Inmaculada , Castro Eulogio
Published: June 2019

The olive orchard cultivation in Mediterranean countries results in huge amounts of lignocellulosic biomass residues. One of the main residues are olive leaves. Olive leaves contain high concentrations of bioactive antioxidant compounds like oleuropein and luteolin-7-glucoside. The production of biactive compounds from olive leaves requires treatments capable of breaking the lignocellulosic structure. Current research focuses on use of inexpensive, quick, and not harmful to the environment treatments, searching a more simplified large-scale operation approach. Recently, advances in applied chemistry have led to possible new emerging industrial techniques like ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE). This technology is a promising candidate as a green treatment solution for olive leaves utilization in a biorefinery. However, this application goes through prior optimization of technique and operating conditions. The goal of this study was to optimize the extraction of oleuropein and luteolin-7-glucoside from olive leaves through an investigation of the influence of key factors of ultrasound-assisted extraction using an experimental central composite design, in comparison with conventional Soxhlet extraction. The highest extraction efficiency and antioxidant capacity were obtained under optimal increment of temperature and amplitude conditions (40 °C and 30%, respectively). Values for oleuropein, luteolin-7-glucoside were 69.91 g/kg and 1.82 g/kg, respectively.
Bearing Capacity Characteristics of Composite Bucket Foundation Under Torque Loading
Authors: Zhang Puyang , Li Yan’e , Lv Yajun , Ding Hongyan , Le Conghuan
Published: June 2019

The composite bucket foundation for offshore wind turbine bears the vertical load from not only the superstructure and the horizontal load, caused by wind and wave, but also from the torque load caused by rotating structures, such as blades. Based on layered soil foundation, the influence of the skirt height, the friction coefficient between soil and bucket foundation and the diameter of the bucket foundation on the stress of the bucket skirt under the torque load are studied in this paper. Moreover, the envelope curves of the bearing capacity of H–T and V–H–T are obtained by the fixed displacement ratio loading method. The bearing capacity characteristics of composite bucket foundation under different loading combinations are analyzed. The results show that: (1) The effect of inside soil on the bucket skirt is greater than that of the outside soil; (2) when composite loads are applied, the torque-bearing capacity decreases slowly with the increase of horizontal force, and when the horizontal force increases to a certain value, the value of the torque decreases significantly; and (3) the shape of the H–T failure envelope of the bucket foundation has no obvious change, vertical load have less effect on horizontal and torque load.
Impact on Combustion and Emissions of Jet Fuel as Additive in Diesel Engine Fueled with Blends of Petrol Diesel, Renewable Diesel and Waste Cooking Oil Biodiesel
Authors: Chiatti Giancarlo , Chiavola Ornella , Palmieri Fulvio
Published: June 2019

This study is devoted to investigating the potential use of Jet A in blend along with biodiesel from waste cooking oil, petrol diesel, and renewable diesel. Biodiesel use allows for reducing carbon monoxide (CO), unburned hydrocarbons (HC), and soot due to the oxygen contained in the fuel. The drawbacks in its use are related to the low volatility and high viscosity of vegetable oil that cause difficulties in fuel atomization and in its mixing with air. Moreover, an increased amount of NOx emission was observed. The aim of the experimentation is to evaluate the ability of Jet A of enhancing the combustion process and pollutant emissions of a diesel engine, thus overcoming the difficulties in biodiesel usage (high viscosity, poor cold weather performance, compatibility with diesel engine equipment) and then increasing the renewable fuel percentage in the fuel. Testing was carried out on a small displacement common rail diesel engine. Hardware and ECU setting were not modified in order to let the engine be ready to operate with different and exchangeable fuels. The effect on pollutant emissions of a variation of the amount of Jet A and biodiesel in the fuel is investigated, while accounting for the engine speed value.