bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Genomic insights from Enterococcus faecium SMAN_Baghdad isolated from the honey bee gut and analysis of its potential antimicrobial activity against multidrug-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Authors: Al-Shimmary Sana MH , Al-Thwani Amina N.
Published: May 2024

Background
Bacterial genetics and molecular biology have been investigated rapidly, accurately and revolutionary by high throughput whole genome sequencing. Enterococcus faecium has recently been widely used in fermentation and as a probiotic in food products to promote health, and its products have been used as alternative compounds to conventional antibiotics for bacterial eradication. Genomic analysis provides rapid information about its diversity and evolution, suggesting a significant molecular basis.
Objective
This study aimed to perform a genome analysis of Enterococcus faecium isolated from the honey bee gut and test the antagonistic activity of its bacteriocin like inhibitor substances against clinically MDR Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
Methods
The isolated bacterium SMAN_Baghdad was identified as Enterococcus faecium using 16S rRNA gene sequencing. The whole genome of E. faecium SMAN_Baghdad was sequenced and analyzed by bioinformatics tools.
Results
Our strain genome sequence has 40 contigs, and its genome size is 2,835,588 bp, with a guanine-cytosine(GC) percentage of 38.1%. It comprises 2,667 genes, including 2,599 coding sequences (CDSs) and 68 predicted RNAs (including 60tRNAs and others). Many genes encoding genes involved in the production of probiotics and metabolic properties, such as bacteriocin-like inhibitory substances (e.g., enterolycinA, enterocin SE-K4 and entarocin L50a and b),were detected in BLIS. BLISs exhibit significant antibacterial activity against MDR Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Conclusion
Analysis of genome supported the ability to consider bacteriocin-like inhibitory substances as bactericidal agents instead of common antibiotics.
Mechanical properties of auxetic honeycombs realized via material extrusion additive manufacturing: Experimental testing and numerical studies
Authors: Uspensky B. , Derevianko I. , Avramov K. , Maksymenko-Sheiko K. , Chernobryvko M.
Published: May 2024

Combination of experimental testing and numerical analysis is suggested to determine static mechanical properties of the auxetic honeycombs realized via material extrusion. Special specimens, which consist of two honeycombs plates and three steel plates, are used to analyze experimentally shear mechanical properties of honeycombs. Shear testing is simulated using the finite elements software ANSYS. The tests on tension of honeycombs are carried out. These tests are simulated by finite elements software. Plasticity of the honeycomb material and geometrically nonlinear deformations of the honeycomb walls are accounted in honeycomb model. The experimental data and calculations results are close.
Herbarium specimens reveal a cryptic invasion of tetraploid Centaurea stoebe in Europe
Authors: Rosche Christoph , Broennimann Olivier , Novikov Andriy , Mrázová Viera , Danihelka Jiří , Gastner Michael , Guisan Antoine , Kožić Kevin , Müller-Schärer Heinz , Nagy Dávid , Remelgado Ruben , Ronikier Michał , Selke Julian , Shiyan Natalia , Suchan Tomasz , Thoma Arpad , Zdvořák Pavel , Mráz Patrik
Published: May 2024

Numerous plant species are expanding their native ranges due to anthropogenic environmental change. Because cytotypes of polyploid complexes show often similar morphologies, there may be unnoticed range expansions (i.e., cryptic invasions) of one cytotype into regions where only the other cytotype is native. We critically revised 13,078 herbarium specimens of diploid and tetraploid Centaurea stoebe, collected across Europe between 1790 and 2023. Based on their distribution in relictual habitats, we suggest that diploids are native across their entire European range, whereas tetraploids are native only to South-Eastern Europe and have recently expanded their range toward Central Europe. The proportion of tetraploids exponentially increased over time in their expanded but not in their native range. This cryptic invasion took predominantly place in ruderal habitats and enlarged the climatic niche of tetraploids toward a more oceanic climate. Our differentiation between native and expanded ranges conflicts with dozens of previous studies on C. stoebe. Thus, herbarium specimens can prevent erroneous assumptions on the native ranges of species, which has fundamental implications for designing research studies and assessing biodiversity trends. Moreover, we demonstrate the value of spatio-temporally explicit data in formulating and testing hypotheses regarding the superior colonization abilities of polyploids in ruderal habitats.
Disproportionately High Rates of Burnout Among Disabled Caregivers During the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Streuli Samantha , Beckett Imani , Flores Marlene , Omaleki Vinton , Hassani Ashkan , Le Tina , Garfein Richard , Fielding-Miller Rebecca
Published: May 2024

Background
Burnout is exhaustion caused by exposure to chronic stress. Prior to the COVID-19 pandemic, people with disabilities experienced high levels of burnout due to discrimination, barriers to accessing resources, and lack of accommodations. Caregivers have also experienced high levels of burnout during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Background
While researchers have examined burnout among caregivers of disabled children, less research has focused on the experiences of disabled caregivers. We examined the association between caregiver disability and burnout during the pandemic.
Methods
We distributed an online survey to caregivers of children enrolled in socially vulnerable elementary and middle schools in San Diego County, California between September and December, 2022. Our survey included demographic questions, questions about pandemic experiences, and a continuous burnout measure. We analyzed survey data to test our hypothesis that caregivers with a disability experienced higher levels of burnout than their non-disabled counterparts during the height of the COVID-19 pandemic. We used multivariable linear regression analysis adjusting for household income and caregiver education level.
Results
Disabled caregivers self-reported higher levels of burnout than non-disabled caregivers (B = 0.72; p < 0.001) during the COVID-19 pandemic in bivariate and multivariable analyses. Caregivers with a higher household income (B = 0.04; p = 0.017) and more education (B = 0.13; p = 0.005) also reported higher levels of burnout.
Conclusion
The COVID-19 pandemic exacerbated existing difficulties faced by disabled caregivers who often struggle to balance the demands of caregiving with their available resources. Targeted programs and policies are needed to support disabled caregivers during health emergencies that exacerbate existing inequities in access to resources.
Clonogenic survival measurement of human glioblastoma (U87) cells cultured in 3Dbio-phantom after proton and X-ray irradiations
Authors: Kartini Dea A. , Karoon Pharewa , Malad Yuwadee , Tippayamontri Thititip , Sanghangthum Taweap , Talabnin Chutima , Kobdaj Chinorat
Published: May 2024

Background: Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most malignant brain tumor and is resistant to conventional radiotherapy. Proton radiotherapy utilizes accelerated proton beams to irradiate deep-seated tumor or cancer cells with minimum ionization in the entrance channel and maximum ionization in the tumor region, thanks to its inverted dose profile. The aim of this work is to investigate the response of human glioma (U87) cells grown in a 3D bio-phantom after irradiation using X-rays and proton beams.
Methods: U87 cells have been cultured in matrigel matrix inside 96-well plate and incubated for 48 hours. Next, cells were irradiated using 6 MV X-rays and 70 MeV monoenergetic proton beams. Post-irradiation, the surviving cells were determined by a colony formation assay and cell survival fractions were plotted to obtain the survival curves of U87 after X-ray and proton irradiation.
Results: The response of cells in the 3D bio-phantom following X-ray and pro-ton irradiations demonstrated an increased survival fraction in the high dose region compared to cells in the monolayer. However, U87 cells showed more sensitivity towards proton irradiation compared to X-ray irradiation, regardless of the culture setup. Finally, we obtained the RBE10% value of 1.15 for cells in 3Dbio-phantom and 1.29 for cells in monolayer.
Conclusion: Based on the results, proton irradiation produces more cell killing compared to X-ray irradiation, and proton therapy could be an alternative treatment for treating glioblastoma without harming the neighboring healthy tissues.
Bryant-Li-Bhoj neurodevelopmental syndrome: a case report in China and literature review
Authors: Wei Ying , Dai Kun , Gao Jinzhi , Chen Ling , Rong Zhihui
Published: May 2024

Background Bryant-Li-Bhoj’s neurodevelopmental syndrome is an extremely rare neurodevelopmental disorder caused by germline variation of the H3-3A or H3-3B gene. Similar reports have not been found in China, and there are only two similar reports in the world.
Case presentation: A female child, full-term cesarean section, had intermittent convulsions and feeding difficulties shortly after birth. She had special facial features such as a small jaw, a narrow forehead, and a narrow palatal arch. The skin of the head and neck was loose and redundant. The muscle tone of the limbs was reduced, the primitive reflex was weakened, and hearing and vision were impaired. Genetic testing revealed a heterozygous missense mutation in the H3-3A gene, c.365C > G ( p.P122R ), which indicated the diagnosis of Bryant-Li-Bhoj neurodevelopmental syndrome type 1. The disease is extremely rare and has not been reported in China.
Conclusion: The prognosis and progression of Bryant-Li-Bhoj’s neurodevelopmental syndrome are still unknown. Early genetic testing can help make an early diagnosis and clarify the direction of diagnosis and treatment.
Reconstruction of the lymphatic system by transplantation of a centrifuge-based bioengineered lymphatic tissue
Authors: Kusamori Kosuke , Obana Shu , Itakura Shoko , Murahashi Mutsunori , Nishikawa Makiya
Published: May 2024

The increasing incidence of cancer and surgical procedures for its treatment have accelerated the demand for the development of treatments for secondary lymphedema after lymphadenectomy (LD). We demonstrated that a bioengineered tissue with a lymphatic network composed of lymphatic endothelial cells and mesenchymal stem cells fabricated by a centrifugal cell stacking technique effectively treated secondary lymphedema. The centrifuge-based bioengineered lymphatic tissue (CeLyT) survived long after transplantation and restored the lymphatic flow in LD mice. CeLyTs transplanted into LD mice formed a lymph node-like structure and suppressed lymphedema in LD mice. In addition, the lymph node-like structure was composed of transplant- and host-derived cells including a wide range of immune cells. Furthermore, an injection with the immunostimulant CpG1018 induced the release of proinflammatory cytokines in the lymph node-like structure formed in LD mice. Taken together, CeLyTs composed of lymphatic endothelial cells and mesenchymal stem cells reconstructed the lymph node and has great potential for the treatment of secondary lymphedema.
Maximizing Profit of Network Operators through Task Offloading in Mobile Edge Computing and Computational Resource Allocation
Authors: Aboul Sherif M. , Kader Hala M. Abd El , Eid Esraa M. , Ali Shimaa S.
Published: May 2024

Mobile edge computing is universally recognized as a crucial catalyst for the development of next-generation low-latency services and applications on mobile devices that have limited resources. The concept of delegating computationally intensive tasks to the cloud. To realize this concept, these efforts typically concentrate on optimizing system energy consumption and minimizing latency. The idea is to enable user equipment to utilize cloud resources due to limitations in user resources, facilitating dynamic sharing of computational instances among multiple users in the cloud, thus achieving efficient utilization of core cloud resources. To realize this concept, this paper employs the Cloud Radio Access Network (C-RAN) with Mobile Edge Computing (MEC) architecture comprising a pool of Baseband Units (BBU) integrated with a MEC server, along with multiple Remote Radio Heads (RRHs) situated alongside mobile terminals equipment. This configuration assists users in executing computationally intensive tasks and simultaneously generates additional profits for the network operator. This paper explores the profitability of computational offloading from the perspective of a network operator. The decisions to offload, along with the joint optimization of radio and computational resources, lead to a mixed integer nonlinear optimization problem, which is non-deterministic polynomial-time (NP) hard. Firstly, calculate the maximum profit by using three optimization algorithms: a normal Genetic Algorithm (GA), a heuristic-based Fast Genetic Algorithm (FGA), and Spectrum efficiency-based Joint Optimization for Offloading and Resource Allocation algorithm (SJOORA). Subsequently, the optimization problem of the input resource allocation. Next, the maximum profit is calculated in various scenarios to determine the most suitable algorithm for each situation.
RETRACTED: Some families of differential equations associated with the multivariable hybrid special polynomials
Authors: Wani Shahid Ahmad , Zayed Mohra , Cesarano Celemente , Ramirez William
Published: May 2024

The authors have requested that this preprint be removed from Research Square.
The Association of Early Pregnancy Dyslipidemia with Preterm Birth in Twin Pregnancies: A Retrospective Cohort Study
Authors: Zhou Li-Yang , Xu Zhou , Wen Li , Chen Xin-Zhen , Yao Ying-Ling , Liu Rui-Ling , Zhang Yong-Jia , Zhong Zhao-Hui , Fu Li-Juan , Chen Gong-Li , Ding Yu-Bin
Published: May 2024

Background
Maternal lipid metabolism has been implicated in elevating the risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes. However, the precise relationship between early pregnancy dyslipidemia and the risk of preterm birth in twin pregnancies remains unclear.
Methods
This retrospective cohort study included women with twin pregnancies between January 2018 and December 2023. Early pregnancy blood lipid profiles, including total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), triglyceride (TG) and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), were examined. Dyslipidemia was diagnosed based on the diagnostic criteria outlined in the 2016 guidelines for the prevention and treatment of dyslipidemia in Chinese adults. Preterm birth was defined as birth occurring before 37 weeks of pregnancy. Logistic regression models were used to evaluate the association of early pregnancy dyslipidemia with preterm birth in twin pregnancies.
Results
A total of 613 women with twin pregnancies were included, and 141 women were complicated with dyslipidemia. The incidence of preterm birth in the dyslipidemia group was significantly higher than in the group without dyslipidemia (64.60% vs. 50.40%). After adjusting for confounding factors, dyslipidemia was associated with a higher risk of preterm birth (adjusted OR: 1.71; 95% CI: 1.13–2.58). Nevertheless, thees associations exhibited variability contingent upon the chorionicity and mode of conception of twins. The positive associations between early pregnancy dyslipidemia and preterm birth retained significance solely among spontaneously conceived (SC) twins or dichorionic diamniotic (DCDA) twins. No statistically significant association was observed between dyslipidemia and other secondary outcomes.
Conclusion
Early pregnancy dyslipidemia was associated with a higher risk of preterm birth in twin pregnancies, with the positive associations persisting significantly among SC twins or DCDA twins. The comprehensive assessment of lipid profiles in the first trimester may prove advantageous for patients monitoring and the implementation of interventions aimed at mitigating adverse pregnancy outcomes.
The strong broadband microwave absorption properties of FeSiCr@Ni 0.5 Zn 0.5 Fe 2 O 4 composite materials realized by optimizing impedance matching
Authors: Hou Jin , Ma Zirong , Yang Ruoyu , Wu Zhuangzhuang , Song Tianxiu , Zhou Tingdong
Published: May 2024

Flaky FeSiCr@Ni0.5Zn0.5Fe2O4 composites were successfully synthesized using ball milling and the hydrothermal method. The microstructure, morphology, and phase composition of flaky FeSiCr@Ni0.5Zn0.5Fe2O4 composites were analyzed using XRD, EDS and SEM techniques, confirming the successful preparation of the composite materials. The electromagnetic wave absorption characteristics of the composite with varying contents of Ni0.5Zn0.5Fe2O4 were comprehensively investigated. The electromagnetic properties of flaky FeSiCr@Ni0.5Zn0.5Fe2O4 composite materials were analyzed by VSM. The results showed a reduction in the real part of the permittivity, but this led to the optimization of impedance matching. This improvement was attributed to the synergistic effect of magnetic loss and dielectric loss, thereby enhancing the overall electromagnetic performance of the composite. The sample prepared with a composition of 40% (wt %) Ni0.5Zn0.5Fe2O4 composite displayed the most pronounced absorption performance. At a frequency of 4.3 GHz, the minimum reflection loss achieved was − 41.3 dB. The maximum effective absorption bandwidth measured 5.6 GHz. Notably, through adjustment of the composite material thickness, the effective absorption bandwidth could be broadened to 10.5 GHz (2.5–13.0 GHz), encompassing the entire C and X bands.
Estimation of mangrove Leaf Area Index from AVIRIS-NG hyperspectral data: Creating a new algorithm for Landsat and Sentinel-2 datasets
Authors: Hati Jyoti Prakash , Chaube Nilima Rani , Hazra Sugata , Pramanick Niloy , Mitra Debashis , Mukhopadhyay Anirban
Published: May 2024

A thorough understanding of the biophysical and biochemical parameters is essential for monitoring mangrove vegetation and identifying environmental and anthropogenic stress. Therefore, in this study, the Leaf Area Index (LAI), which is one of the most important biophysical parameters, were estimated in the Indian Sundarbans using remote sensing and field observations. This study primarily focuses on remote sensing-based LAI assessment using a high-resolution AVIRIS-NG dataset using indices such as the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) and Enhanced Vegetation Index (EVI). To minimize background influence, mangroves from non-mangroves vegetation were separated based on tree height estimation from Sentinel-1 Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) data. The tree height in the study area ranges from ~ 1–9 m while the range of LAI values was found to be 0.18 to 4.87. The AVIRIS-NG derived EVI showed maximum correlation (R2 = 0.88) with in-situ measured LAI. As there is no repetitive coverage of AVRIS-NG data, a new site-specific solution was also developed for future monitoring using freely available datasets like LANDSAT and Sentinel-2. The results generated in this study will be helpful for monitoring the health of the mangroves and adapting a robust approach for restoration efforts in the future.
B-spline-based material point method with dynamic load balancing technique for large-scale simulation
Authors: Hidano Soma , Pan Shaoyuan , Yoshida Keina , Nomura Reika , Miki Yohei , Kawai Masatoshi , Moriguchi Shuji , Nakajima Kengo , Terada Kenjiro
Published: May 2024

In this study, a dynamic load-balancing (DLB) technique based on the sampling method is developed for MPMs using higher-order B-spline basis functions for parallel MPI calculations based on domain decomposition, in order to perform large-scale, long-duration landslide simulations in realistic computation time. Higher-order B-spline basis functions use a range of influence across cells compared to general shape functions, but this DLB technique dynamically adjusts the size of the computational domain according to the material point distribution, so that the material points are almost equally distributed across all cores. This allows the load bias between cores to be mitigated and the advantages of parallel computation to be fully exploited. Specifically, the novel contribution of this study is that the domain decomposition allows for proper communication between control points, even if the physical regions of the cores are staggered or non-adjacent, and even if the area of influence of B-spline basis functions spans multiple subdomains at this time. In numerical examples, the quasi-3D benchmark solid column collapse problem is computed for multiple core configurations to verify the effectiveness of the DLB method in terms of scalability and parallelization efficiency. The simulation of the full 3D column collapse problem also illustrates the applicability of the proposed DLB method to large-scale disaster simulations. Finally, to demonstrate the promise and capability of the DLB technique in the MPM algorithm, a full-scale size landslide disaster simulation is carried out to illustrate that it can withstand some practical size calculations.
Secure Rider system
Authors: Yadav Suraj Kumar , Yadav Raju Umesh , Ranjane Arayan , Samdani Prof.Preeti
Published: May 2024

This research introduces a groundbreaking approach to enhancing biker safety through an advanced smart helmet system. Comprising two key units - the Bike Unit and the Helmet Unit - meticulously designed to detect accidents in real-time and implement proactive response protocols. Central to the system are dual MPU6050 Accelerometer and Gyroscope Sensor Modules, accurately monitoring bike and helmet orientation, reducing false alarms. Seamless communication between sensors and microcontrollers, facilitated by ESP32 modules, ensures rapid data exchange, with NEO-6M GPS enabling precise location tracking. The Helmet Unit includes touch sensors and a proprietary clip lock mechanism, prioritizing security by avoiding SIM card modules. Integration across units is seamless, with real-time engine status feedback via an indicator light on the Bike Unit.In accidents, the system swiftly establishes an internet connection via a mobile hotspot, transmitting precise GPS coordinates to a designated platform. Leveraging IFTTT, notifications and voice call alerts are dispatched to the user's mobile device for immediate assistance. Continuous safety evaluation post-accident ensures rider well-being until emergency services arrive.This smart helmet system signifies a significant advancement in biker safety, potentially saving lives and reducing road injuries.
RETRACTED: The State of Energy Efficiency in ASEAN-5 Countries: A Stochastic Frontier Analysis Approach
Authors: Wicaksono Ditto Satrio , Budiasih
Published: May 2024

The authors have requested that this preprint be removed from Research Square.
Application of Music Therapy in the Treatment of Common Mental Disorders
Authors: Keikhanejad Mohammad Amin
Published: May 2024

Background
Music therapy has emerged as a promising adjunctive treatment for common mental disorders (CMD) such as generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) and depression. This narrative review investigates the application of music therapy in the treatment of depression and GAD, comparing it with treatments as usual (TAU).
Methods
A comprehensive literature search was conducted in scientific databases including PubMed, Google Scholar, and Science Direct. The search focused on studies published between 2011 and 2023, with key terms like "Music Therapy," "Common Mental Disorders," "Depression," and "Generalized Anxiety Disorders." Meta-analyses and systematic reviews were prioritized for inclusion.
Results
Music therapy demonstrates effectiveness in reducing depressive symptoms and anxiety levels, particularly displaying short-term beneficial effects in individuals with depression. A meta-analysis of 55 randomized clinical trials (RCTs) indicated a significant impact of music therapy on depressive symptoms compared to control groups. For GAD, a meta-analysis of 32 RCTs showed that music therapy effectively alleviates anxiety, likely by redirecting attention from negative stimuli to more pleasant subjects. However, the specific mechanisms of music therapy in GAD treatment require further research.
Conclusions
Music therapy is a valuable therapeutic option for individuals with depression and GAD, showing significant potential in improving mental health outcomes. While the action mechanisms in depression are better understood, further studies are needed to clarify the mechanisms in GAD. These findings highlight the importance of incorporating music therapy into standard treatment protocols for CMD, emphasizing its role in enhancing patient care.
Risk factors for hospitalization due to exacerbations among adult asthma patients in a district of Sri Lanka: a case‒control study.
Authors: Punyadasa Dhanusha Harshinie , Kumarapeli Vindya , Senaratne Wijith
Published: May 2024

Background
The exacerbation of asthma is a leading contributor to hospitalization. Information on the risk factors for hospitalization due to exacerbated asthma will help to identify high-risk asthma patients for specialized care. We aimed to identify the risk factors for hospitalization due to exacerbations among adult asthma patients in a district of Sri Lanka.
Methods
A hospital-based, case‒control study was carried out on asthma patients aged ≥ 20 years. A total of 466 asthma patients (116 cases, 350 controls) were recruited from all tertiary care hospitals in the district. The data were collected by pre-intern medical officers via a pretested interviewer-administered questionnaire on asthma control, asthma comorbidities, risk behaviors, and physiological and sociodemographic factors. Risk factors were evaluated using bivariate and multivariate logistic regression. The data were analyzed using SPSS version 20.
Results
The risk factors were age ≥ 60 years (OR 2.1; 95% CI 1.2–3.7), educated G.C.E. O/level or less (OR 2.2; 95% CI 1.1–4.4), having diabetes mellitus (OR 2.0; 95% CI 1.1–3.7), having symptomatic gastroesophageal reflux disease (GORD) (OR 3.4; 95% CI 1.8–6.4), exposure to vehicular traffic (OR 3.2; 95% CI 1.8–5.7), exposure to secondhand tobacco smoke (OR 2.1; 95% CI 1.2–3.5), having ever smoked (OR 2.4; 95% CI 1.2–4.6), ever intubated/given ICU care (OR 3.5; 95% CI 1.5-8.0), previous hospitalizations due to exacerbations (OR 5.5; 95% CI 2.6–11.4), having uncontrolled asthma (OR 3.4; 95% CI 1.6–7.1) and having a BMI ≥ 25 kg/m2 (OR 2.3; 95% CI 1.4-4.0).
Conclusions
Preventive strategies need to address the modifiable risk factors smoking and obesity and manage comorbid conditions, diabetes, and symptomatic GORD appropriately in asthma patients.
Temperature-invariant heat conductivity from compensating crystalline and glassy transport: from the Steinbach meteorite to furnace bricks
Authors: Simoncelli Michele , Fournier Daniele , Marangolo Massimiliano , Balan Etienne , Béneut Keevin , Baptiste Benoit , Doisneau Béatrice , Marzari Nicola , Mauri Francesco
Published: May 2024

The thermal conductivities of crystals and glasses vary strongly and with opposite trends upon heating, decreasing in crystals and increasing in glasses. Here, we show—both with first-principles predictions based on the Wigner transport equation and with thermoreflectance experiments—that the dominant transport mechanisms of crystals (particle-like propagation) and glasses (wave-like tunnelling) can coexist and compensate in materials with crystalline bond order and nearly glassy bond geometry. We demonstrate that ideal compensation emerges in a sample of silica in the form of tridymite, carved from a meteorite found in Steinbach (Germany) in 1724, and yields a ‘propagation-tunneling-invariant’ (PTI) conductivity that is independent from temperature and intermediate between the opposite trends of α-quartz crystal and silica glass. We show how such PTI conductivity occurs in the quantum regime below the Debye temperature, and can largely persist at high temperatures in a geometrically amorphous tridymite phase found in refractory bricks fired for years in furnaces for steel smelting. Last, we discuss implications to heat transfer in solids exposed to extreme temperature variations, ranging from planetary cooling to heating protocols to reduce the carbon footprint of industrial furnaces.
Protracted chronic and acute rhinitis: approach to therapy
Authors: Vladimirova T. Yu. , Martynova A. B.
Published: May 2024

Introduction. The prevalence of acute and chronic rhinitis determines the socio-economic side of the issue and requires effective treatment and improvement of patients’ quality of life.

Aim. To study the effectiveness of the Rinofluimucil® in patients with acute and chronic catarrhal rhinitis at the outpatient stage of treatment.

Materials and methods. The study was conducted in a group of 82 patients aged 18 to 59 years (average age 37,7 ± 13,1 years) diagnosed with acute rhinitis and chronic catarrhal rhinitis. Two groups were identified: the main group (21 patients with acute rhinitis and 20 patients with chronic rhinitis) and the control group (20 patients with acute rhinitis and 21 patients with chronic rhinitis). The control group received elimination and symptomatic therapy, the main group received endonasal monotherapy with Rinofluimucil®, one dose 3 times a day for 7 days. The effectiveness of the treatment was determined by the dynamics of subjective and objective symptoms.

Results and discussion. In patients with acute rhinitis in the main group, the assessment of the amount of nasal discharge and concentration of attention changed by 12,3 and 10,5 times, respectively. In patients with chronic rhinitis, the assessment of the amount of nasal discharge and concentration in the main group changed by 3,3 and 2,6 times, respectively. Restoration of mucociliary clearance to normal with the use of the Rinofluimucil® was observed in patients with both acute rhinitis (18,1 ± 0,4 s) and chronic catarrhal rhinitis (21,3 ± 0,2 s). According to the PARM data, by the 7th day of observation there was an improvement in the average value of the total volumetric flow of nasal breathing in patients with acute and chronic rhinitis in the main group by 1,9 and 2 times, respectively.

Conclusions. The data obtained indicate the importance of using the Rinofluimucil® in patients with acute and chronic rhinitis in clinical practice.
Рostural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome
Authors: Orakova F. Kh. , Tkhabisimova I. K. , Khadzugov A. B. , Ligidova R. A. , Kodzokova K. Z. , Mizieva Z. A. , Alborova R. M. , Khazhkasimov M. R. , Makhmaeva M. V. , Vadaeva A. I.
Published: May 2024

Introduction. Postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome (SPOT) is a heterogeneous clinical syndrome characterized by an excessive increase in heart rate (HR) in the standing position in the absence of orthostatic hypotension.

Aim. To study the change in hemodynamic parameters, heart rate variability (HRV) during the tilt test, as well as to evaluate the indicators of Holter monitoring in patients with SPOT and patients without.

Materials and methods. From the patients examined for the presence of disorders of the autonomic nervous system (ANS) associated with orthostasis intolerance, fainting in the anamnesis, persons aged 18 to 40 years were selected. According to the results of the tilt test, the following groups were formed: 1 group – patients with episodes of syncopal states and a negative tilt test, 2 group – patients with a pattern of postural tachycardia (PPT), 3 group – control. All patients underwent standard electrocardiography, Holter monitoring, 24-hour blood pressure monitoring and a long-term passive orthostatic test in accordance with the Westminster Protocol.

Results. No deviations were found in all groups based on ECG results, daily ECG monitoring data and blood pressure. Sinus normosystole and normative values of the duration of intervals and ECG waves were observed, the subjects demonstrated normal HRV and SAD and DAD indicators throughout the day. In the first group, an increase in heart rate was observed without a decrease in blood pressure. When assessing HRV during the tilt test, a decrease in the tone of the parasympathetic system was observed in the second group. HRV indicators were analyzed during the day to assess the state of the ANS in the groups. When studying the dynamics of RR intervals, an increase in all HRV indicators at night was recorded.

Conclusions. The results indicate a violation of the vegetative response to vertical position in patients with PT, which correlates with orthostatic intolerance and indicates violations of heart rate regulation and an imbalance between sympathetic and parasympathetic activity.
Diagnostic and prognostic value of cardiospecific integrator protein in patients after myocardial infarction
Authors: Heirullin R. R. , Ruzov V. I. , Frolova M. V.
Published: May 2024

Introduction. Evaluation of the new biomarker cBIN-1(CS) has advantages; its concentration does not depend on volume status, body weight, CKD, in contrast to natriuretic peptides, which seems valuable in the diagnosis of HF.

Aim. To study the diagnostic and prognostic value of serum cBIN-1(CS) in patients who have suffered myocardial infarction.

Materials and methods. The study analyzed clinical, laboratory and instrumental data of 100 patients on the 7th day after myocardial infarction. Subgroup I included patients with a history of HF, subgroup II included patients with risk factors for developing HF. Studies included echocardiography, TSH, cBIN-1(CS) determination. Over the course of 18 months, clinical outcomes were recorded for participants: a composite endpoint of death due to cardiac causes, incident ADHF, worsening TSH results, and intensification of pharmacotherapy.

Results. In patients with a history of HF, the level of cBIN-1(CS) in the blood was 0.871 ng/ml, in the group with risk factors for HF – 0.690 ng/ml. The results of TSH on day 7 are associated with an increase in cBIN-1(CS) content and a decrease in the result by 80.45 m in the STEMI group and by 177.36 m in the NSTEMI group (p = 0.002). ROC-analysis of the probability of a fatal outcome based on the cBIN-1(CS) level showed the area under the ROC curve in subgroup I with an established diagnosis of HF of 0.743 ± 0.098 (p = 0.023), in subgroup II – 0.746 ± 0.146 (p = 0.103). ROC-analysis of the probability of achieving the composite endpoint for each of the patient subgroups showed AUC of 0.859 ± 0.058 and 0.751 ± 0.063 (p < 0.001), respectively. The cBIN-1(CS) value ≥ 0/826 ng/ml (sensitivity 80.0%, specificity 70.6%) can be considered as a marker of unfavorable outcome after myocardial infarction. According to the Kaplan-Meier survival curve for patients after MI, the cut-off value for cBIN-1(CS) is 0.826 ng/ml (p < 0.0001), which was determined to be the most optimal for separating patients into high and low risk of an adverse outcome.

Conclusion. The cBIN-1(CS) biomarker has high sensitivity and specificity and can be used as a marker for assessing myocardial reserve after myocardial infarction to predict adverse events.
Connection between сardiac fibrosis biomarkers and echocardiography parameters in patients with various forms of atrial fibrillation
Authors: Kochetkov A. I. , Orlova I. Yu. , Ostroumova O. D. , Lopukhina M. V. , Starodubova A. V. , Korotkova T. N. , Vorozhko I. V. , Landa A. V. , Andrianov A. I.
Published: May 2024

Introduction. Myocardial fibrosis is often found in atrial fibrillation (AF), but there are no data on its relationship with structural and functional heart damage in various forms of the latter.

Aim. To determine the possible relationship between echocardiographic parameters and blood levels of cardiac fibrosis markers (C-terminal propeptide of procollagen type 1, PICP; N-terminal propeptide of procollagen type 1, P3NP; galectin 3; transforming growth factor beta 1, TGF-β1) in patients with different forms of AF.

Materials and methods. The study included 50 patients with paroxysmal AF (median age 73 [65.8;76] years, 34 (68%) women) and 34 patients with persistent/permanent forms of AF (median age 77.5 [67.5;81.3] years, 21 (62%) women). Transthoracic echocardiography was performed in all patients using the speckle tracking technique and serum levels of PICP, P3NP, galectin 3 and TGF-β1 were determined.

Results. Serum P3NP correlate with E/e’ media (p=0.048, R2 = 0.117) in patients with persistent/permanent forms of AF. PICP level correlated with the average strain of the left atrium (LA) in patients with persistent/permanent forms of AF (p = 0.01, R2 = 0.189). The blood level of galectin 3 correlated with E/e’ media in the general cohort of patients with AF and in the group of patients with persistent/permanent forms of AF (p = 0.005, R2 = 0.095 and p = 0.027, R2 = 0.144, respectively), and with global longitudinal strain of the left ventricle (LV) – in the group of patients with paroxysmal AF (p = 0.044, R2 = 0.084). The serum TGF-β1 correlated with E/e’ media (p = 0.013, R2 = 0.074) in the general cohort of patients with AF and with values of the global longitudinal LV strain (p = 0.027, R2 = 0.099) in the group of patients with paroxysmal AF.

Conclusions. Serum levels of PICP, P3NP, galectin-3 and TGF-β1 correlate with the values of E/e’ media, global longitudinal LV strain and average LA strain. An integrated approach, including standard echocardiography, Speckle Tracking echocardiography, and determination of the level of fibrosis biomarkers in the blood can help to more accurately assess the degree of cardiac fibrosis in a noninvasive way in patients with various forms of AF.
New aspects in the diagnosis and treatment of polycystic ovary syndrome
Authors: Efimenko V. V. , Khachaturov M. V. , Gasanova A. M. , Martirosian N. S. , Kuzina I. A. , Goncharova E. V. , Telnova M. E. , Petunina N. A.
Published: May 2024

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a polygenic endocrine disorder caused by both genetic and epigenetic factors. The relevance is associated with a high degree of prevalence and social significance this disease. The сombination of menstrual dysfunction, anovulatory infertility, metabolic disorders, biochemical and clinical hyperandrogenism cause the importance of this problem. In this regard, Adequate therapy and its timely intensification are the most important aspects. This article highlights basic information about diagnosis and treatment of polycystic ovary syndrome, analyzes in detail the changes in patient management tactic according to the clinical recommendations of ESHRE 2018 and 2023 the issues of the quality of life of women with PCOS. In this review, special attention will be paid to the role of metformin. According to new clinical guidelines, it can be used not only for patients with an increased body mass index (BMI), but also with a normal BMI in order to reduce insulin resistance. A new place of inositol in PCOS therapy is also considered, as an alternative way which increases the sensitivity of receptors to insulin. The treatment with aromatase inhibitors are given to solve such a problem as infertility. The article also highlights the development of treatment methods based on advances in genetics and epigenetics.
Autoimmune polyglandular syndrome type 2 in the practice of an endocrinologist
Authors: Bulgakova S. V. , Merzlova P. Ya. , Novikova O. A. , Sharonova L. А. , Dolgikh Yu. A. , Kosareva O. V.
Published: May 2024

Autoimmune polyglandular syndromes are a group of rare multi-organ pathologies resulting from autoimmune aggression and characterized by polymorphic endocrine and non-endocrine organ lesions. Depending on the combination of organs involved in the autoimmune process, there are 4 types of autoimmune polyglandular syndrome. Type 1 has an autosomal recessive type of inheritance, more common in children and adolescents. Types 2–4 are associated with the expression of antigens the HLA system and manifest typically in adult patients. The article provides a brief description of all types of autoimmune polyglandular syndromes, in more detail describes type 2 (Schmidt syndrome), the clinical case of which is addressed in this article. The following is a clinical case: observation of a 46-year-old male hospitalized in the endocrinological department of Samara City Hospital No. 5 with autoimmune polyglandular syndrome type 2 with decompensation of adrenal insufficiency and hypothyroidism. Submitted complaints, anamnesis, laboratory and instrumental examination of the patient, results of screening for the presence of antibodies that confirm the diagnosis of autoimmune polyglandular syndrome type 2. Surveys have been conducted to eliminate other causes of primary adrenal insufficiency. Additional surveys carried out to identify other possible components of autoimmune polyglandular syndrome type 2 are described. The prescribed treatment according to the nationalclinical recommendations, as well as the features of the prescription of hormone replacement therapy, described further dynamic observation at the outpatient stage and given laboratory control indicators. Conclusions are made about possible difficultiesin the diagnosis and treatment of this pathology.
Seasoning to Kill: the Example of the Natural Amide Piperine and Its Potential in the Design of New Antiparasitic Drugs
Authors: Velez Afonso , Pitasse-Santos Paulo , Freire-de-Lima Leonardo , Freire-de-Lima Célio , Decoté-Ricardo Debora , de Lima Marco
Published: May 2024

Natural products have long been explored in the history of most cultures worldwide. They have been mainly applied in the therapy of some diseases and for food preservation due to the antimicrobial properties of some condiments. Most of this knowledge was empirically discovered and passed from generation to generation. Over the last few years, the evolution of organic chemistry and the techniques of analysis and purification of compounds from complex matrices enabled a significant increase in research to identify bioactive products isolated from plants. In this paper, we briefly discuss the relevance of natural products on drug development, mainly focusing on amide piperine, the main chemical constituent of black pepper (Piper nigrum). Its antiparasitic activities and the knowledge of possible mechanisms of action against different parasites provide essential information for drug development. Furthermore, its compatibility with medicinal and synthetic chemistry techniques allows the development of more effective drug candidates.
The Effect of Sowing Times on Yield and Yield Characteristics of Different Safflower Varieties
Authors: Boydak Erkan , Yolcu Muhammed Said , Ekin Filiz
Published: May 2024

The purpose of this research was to examine the impact of various sowing times on the agronomic traits of specific safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) varieties. The study was conducted at the Experimental Field of Bingol University Faculty of Agriculture in 2015 and 2016. The study was set up using a ‘‘randomized blocks trial design’’ with three replications. It involved the use of four different sowing times and three distinct safflower varieties. Several agronomic characteristics were analyzed in the research, including plant height, number of branches per plant, number of leaves per plant, seed count per leaf, thousand seed weight, yield per decar, oil content, and protein content. Based on the findings, the Dinçer variety exhibited the most favorable results concerning yield per decara in both years, achieving 89.1 kg/ha in the first year and 75.50 kg/ha in the second year. Regarding sowing time, it was determined that the first sowing time in the first year and the third sowing time in the second year yielded better results in terms of yield per decare compared to other sowing times.
Abnormalities in Some Odonata Larvae Which Do Not Hinder Development
Authors: Salur Ali , Miroğlu Ali
Published: May 2024

Larval abnormalities in insects can be a sign of environmental changes and stress. Therefore, these abnormalities could serve as bioindicators of environmental shifts. This study examined larvae of Onychogomphus forcipatus albotibialis Schmidt, 1954, Sympetrum sanguineum (Müller, 1764), and Platycnemis pennipes (Pallas, 1771) species. The antennae of O. forcipatus albotibialis larvae displayed various deformities. Unexpected changes in the setae series in the mentum region of the labia of S. sanguineum, a diagnostic characteristic, were also observed. Additionally, P. pennipes had a deficiency in the labial palp setae. By understanding how different factors can affect larval development and how these changes can manifest in different parts of the body, the findings of the present study emphasize the importance of identifying and diagnosing these species through the images of the anomalies observed.
Meta-Sezgisel Tabanlı Clustal-SA Algoritmasını Kullanarak DNA Sekanslarında Çoklu Dizi Hizalama
Authors: Erdirik Hatic , Karcıoğlu Abdullah Ammar , Tanyolaç Bahattin , Bulut Hasan
Published: May 2024

Biyoinformatik, biyolojik verilerin analizi ve kalıtsal ilişkilerin ortaya çıkarılması için matematik, biyoloji ve bilgisayar bilimlerini birleştiren bir disiplindir. Bu alandaki en kritik görevlerden biri, biyolojik dizilerin hizalanmasıyla ilgili olan dizi hizalama problemini çözmektir. Ancak, biyolojik verilerin hızla artması, bu problemi manuel olarak çözülemez hale getirmiş ve bilgisayar sistemlerinin biyoinformatikte daha yaygın bir şekilde kullanılmasına yol açmıştır. Bu çalışmada, mevcut Clustal algoritması ve benzetimli tavlama algoritması kullanılarak yeni bir dizi hizalama algoritması önerilmiştir. Clustal algoritmasının hız avantajını kullanarak ve benzetimli tavlama algoritmasını entegre ederek, Clustal'ın aç gözlü yaklaşımından uzaklaşılarak optimal hizalama skoru elde etmek amaçlanmıştır. Geliştirilen algoritmanın başarısını değerlendirmek için SP (Çiftlerin Toplamı) puanlama sistemi kullanılmış ve hizalama sonucunda sütun eşleşme sayısı dikkate alınmıştır. Elde edilen sonuçlar, geliştirilen algoritmanın aynı uzunluktaki dizi veri kümeleri üzerinde ClustalW programından daha iyi performans gösterdiğini, MUSCLE programına göre ise bazı veri setlerinde daha başarılı olduğu veya yakın sonuçlar verdiğini ortaya koymuştur. Bu gelişme, biyoinformatik alanında dizi hizalama problemini çözmek için yeni ve daha etkili bir yaklaşımın potansiyelini vurgulamaktadır. Gelecekte, bu tür geliştirmelerin biyolojik veri analizi alanında daha geniş bir uygulama alanı bulabileceği düşünülmektedir.
An Automatic Parameter Calibration Method for the TUW Model in Streamflow Modeling
Authors: Yılmaz Muhammet
Published: May 2024

The accurate modelling of streamflow is highly significant for hydrological monitoring, water resource management, and climate change studies. Streamflow simulation with lumped hydrological models has been widely performed by researchers. However, the parameter calibration process is a major obstacle in these models. In the present study, a conceptual rainfall-runoff model (TUW model) was used to simulate streamflow in the sub-basin of the Upper Euphrates Basin during the time period 1991-2009. The Differential Evolution Optimization (DEoptim) algorithm were tested for the automatic parameter calibration of the lumped version of TUW model, in the study area. The model is calibrated using two objective function named and Nash–Sutcliffe efficiency (NSE) and Kling-Gupta Efficiency (KGE). Additionally, percent bias (PBias) was used to evaluate the performance of the model. For the objective function NSE, calibration and validation results indicated good agreement between observed and simulated streamflow data with NSE, 0.76 and 0.76 and KGE, 0.73 and 0.75 and PBias (%), -0.8 and -7.5, respectively. Similarly for KGE objective function, the calibration results produced a NSE of 0.71, KGE of 0.85, and PBias (%) of -0.9, while validation results revealed a NSE of 0.72, KGE of 0.84, and PBias (%) of -7.2. It can be concluded that the applicability of the DEoptim algorithm for the estimation of the parameters of the TUW model is confirmed by the case study. The findings of the study can serve as a guide for researchers and be useful in achieving watershed management goals.