bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Management of Hereditary Transthyretin Amyloidosis (ATTRv) Patients and Asymptomatic Carriers in Spain: The EMPATIa Study
Authors: Losada López Inés , Gonzalez-Moreno Juan , Buades Reinés Juan , Sevilla Teresa , Martinez Valle Fernando , Galán Dávila Lucía , Muñoz Beamud Francisco , Bárcena Llona José Eulalio , Romero Acebal Manuel , Tarilonte Patricia , Setaro Francesca
Published: December 2024

Background: Hereditary transthyretin amyloidosis (ATTRv) is an autosomal-dominant systemic disease, where amyloid fibrils accumulate especially in the peripheral and autonomic nervous systems and in the heart. The aim of the present work was to outline the follow-up and type of management received by asymptomatic carriers (ACs) and Coutinho stage 1 ATTRv patients in Spain. Methods: A cross-sectional, non-interventional study was conducted throughout seven experienced hospitals in Spain. A total of 86 ACs without neurological symptoms and 19 Coutinho stage 1 ATTRv patients diagnosed 12 months before their enrollment were included. Clinical and demographic data, red flags, and neurological and cardiological evaluations were gathered. In addition, site variables were collected from four centers to describe the clinical management of ATTRv. Results: ATTRv clinical management varied depending on the center setting but was primarily overseen by neurology and internal medicine, which were responsible for the holistic follow-up of ACs and patients. Routinely, neurologists, neurophysiologists, cardiologists, and internal medicine conducted the follow-up. Specialties involved in initial AC assessment were neurophysiologists and cardiologists in 100% of cases, neurologists (75%), internists and geneticists (50%), and ophthalmologists (25%). A review of the medical tests performed proved an exhaustive management of the study population. Stable patients were followed up every 6 months, while those under evolution were monitored every 3–6 months. The frequency of monitoring of ACs was annual, and carriers classified with doubtful disease onset were visited every 3–6 months. Conclusions: The EMPATIa study provides valuable insights into the management of ATTRv in a real-world clinical setting in highly experienced hospitals in Spain. It demonstrates that multidisciplinary practice and enhanced disease awareness may lead to a reduction in diagnostic delay.
The Acute Effect of Hot Water Immersion on Cardiac Function in Individuals with Cervical Spinal Cord Injury
Authors: Kouda Ken , Banno Motohiko , Umemoto Yasunori , Kinoshita Tokio , Nishimura Yukihide , Mikami Yukio , Kubo Toshikazu , Tajima Fumihiro
Published: December 2024

Background/Objectives: Thermotherapy is expected to assist in the prevention of arteriosclerosis and cardiovascular disease in individuals with spinal cord injuries. This study aimed to investigate the impact and underlying mechanisms of whole-body heat stress on cardiac function in patients with cervical spinal cord injury (CSCI) and healthy controls using head-out hot water immersion (HHWI). Methods: Eight male patients with complete motor CSCI and nine healthy controls were recruited. Participants were immersed for 60 min in water set at 2 °C above the resting esophageal temperature. Esophageal temperature, heart rate, and arterial pressure were monitored throughout the experiment. Before and after HHWI, echocardiography was used to measure indices of left ventricular diastolic capacity (E, E′, and A), left atrial contractility (A and A′), and left ventricular contractility [S′ and isovolumic acceleration (IVA)]. Results: Both groups exhibited an increase in body temperature and heart rate, while blood pressure remained stable. In the control group, there was a significant increase in E (67.0 ± 22.6 to 89.1 ± 13.6), E′ (9.5 ± 3.8 to 15.1 ± 4.1), A (50.0 ± 15.2 to 75.8 ± 18.2), A′ (8.1 ± 1.6 to 14.8 ± 5.9), S′ (8.7 ± 1.4 to 15.1 ± 4.5) and isovolumic acceleration (IVA) (104.2 ± 14.7 to 151.1 ± 20.6). In the CSCI group, only A (49.5 ± 9.9 to 56.9 ± 10.9) and IVA (94.4 ± 27.2 to 134.7 ± 27.7) showed a significant change. Conclusions: In the control group, heat stress increased left atrial contractility, left ventricular dilatation, and left ventricular contractility, while in patients with CSCI, left atrial contractility and left ventricular contractility improved, but there was no improvement in left ventricular diastolic function. This discrepancy in the impact of HHWI on cardiac function suggests that the sympathetic nervous system predominantly influences left ventricular dilatation during whole-body heat stress. However, other factors may also contribute to left atrial and ventricular contractility.
Unmet Needs and Current Challenges of Rheumatoid Arthritis: Difficult-to-Treat Rheumatoid Arthritis and Late-Onset Rheumatoid Arthritis
Authors: Takanashi Satoshi , Kaneko Yuko
Published: December 2024

Despite remarkable advances in the management of RA, there are still unmet needs that rheumatologists need to address. In this review, we focused on difficult-to-treat RA (D2T RA) and late-onset RA (LORA), and summarized their characteristics and management. The prevalence of D2T RA is reported to be 6–28% and many factors have been identified as risk factors for D2T RA, including female sex, long disease duration, seropositivity for rheumatoid factor and anti-cyclic citrullinated peptide antibody and their high titer, baseline high disease activity, and comorbidities. D2T RA is broadly divided into inflammatory and non-inflammatory conditions, and clinical features differ according to background. A proportion of D2T RA can be managed with treatment modification, mainly with interleukin-6 receptor inhibitors or Janus kinase inhibitors, but some D2T RA patients have a poor prognosis; thus, the implementation of precision medicine by stratifying patients according to disease status is needed. In the aging society, the epidemiology of RA is changing and the prevalence of LORA is increasing worldwide. LORA has distinct clinical features compared with young-onset RA, such as acute onset, low seropositivity, and high inflammation. The pathogenesis of LORA remains to be elucidated, but proinflammatory cytokines, including interleukin-6, have been reported to be significantly elevated. LORA has several management concerns other than RA itself, such as geriatric syndrome and multimorbidity. The treat-to-target strategy is effective for LORA, but the evidence is still lacking; thus, it is important to accumulate clinical and related basic data to establish the optimal treatment strategy for LORA.
High-Intensity Training Telerehabilitation for Persons with Chronic Low Back Pain: A Pilot Clinical Trial
Authors: Meus Timo , Timmermans Annick , Klaps Sim , Verbrugghe Jonas
Published: December 2024

Background/Objectives: High-intensity training (HIT) has been shown to enhance physical fitness and reduce functional impairments in persons with moderately disabling chronic nonspecific low back pain (CNSLBP). However, sustaining these improvements post-rehabilitation remains a challenge. To address this, a home-based, technology-supported HIT program utilizing telerehabilitation can be implemented at home. This study assesses the feasibility and clinical effectiveness of a telerehabilitation HIT program for persons with CNSLBP. Methods: The pilot clinical trial (NCT05234008) recruited 15 persons with CNSLBP. Participants completed a 6-week multimodal HIT intervention with 12 bi-weekly sessions. The first four sessions were organized at REVAL Research Center, followed by eight home-based sessions using the Physitrack® platform. Assessments were conducted at baseline (PRE), two weeks into the intervention (MID), and immediately post-intervention (POST). Outcome measures included maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max) testing, disease-related outcomes, feasibility, motivation assessed via questionnaires, and system usability and adherence tracked through Physitrack® technology. Results: Fourteen participants (seven females; age: 45.9 years) successfully completed the program without adverse events. Based on PRE–POST comparisons, motivation levels remained high (Motivation Visual Analog Scale: −1.2 ± 0.9, p = 0.043) despite reduced motivation at POST. Improvements were also observed in pain (Numeric Pain Rating Scale: −1.8 ± 0.2, p = 0.026), disability (Modified Oswestry Disability Index: −12.1 ± 10.2, p = 0.002), fear-avoidance (Fear-Avoidance Components Scale: −10.1 ± 5.8, p = 0.005), and exercise capacity (VO2max: 4.4 ± 1.6, p = 0.048). Conclusions: The HITHOME study is the first to investigate the feasibility and effectiveness of a telerehabilitation HIT program for persons with CNSLBP. The results underscore the feasibility of implementing a home-based HIT program to support adherence to vigorous exercise programs and improve clinical outcomes in this population. Additionally, the findings emphasize technology’s potential importance in enhancing home-based exercise therapy and lay the groundwork for future studies on blended care and telerehabilitation using HIT in CNSLBP.
Effect of Transcutaneous Auricular Vagus Nerve Stimulation in Chronic Low Back Pain: A Pilot Study
Authors: Tavares-Figueiredo Isabelle , Pers Yves-Marie , Duflos Claire , Herman Fanchon , Sztajnzalc Benjamin , Lecoq Hugo , Laffont Isabelle , Dupeyron Arnaud F. , Homs Alexis F.
Published: December 2024

Background/Objectives: Chronic low back pain (CLBP) is a common condition with limited long-term treatment options. Vagus nerve stimulation (VNS) has shown potential for pain improvement, but its use in CLBP remains underexplored. Our aim was to evaluate the efficacy, feasibility and tolerability of transcutaneous auricular vagus nerve stimulation (taVNS) in reducing pain and improving functional outcomes in CLBP patients. Methods: Thirty adults with CLBP (VAS ≥ 40/100) participated in this open-label pilot study (NCT05639270). Patients were treated with a taVNS device on the left ear for 30 min daily over a period of 3 months. The primary outcome was a reduction in pain intensity (VAS) at 1 month. Secondary outcomes included pain intensity at 3 months, disability (Oswestry Disability Index, ODI), quality of life (EQ-5D-5L), catastrophizing and psychological distress. In addition, compliance and adverse events were monitored. Results: After 1 month, 27 patients were evaluated. VAS scores decreased significantly by 16.1 (SD = 17.9) mm (p < 0.001) and by 22.5 (25) mm (p < 0.001) after 3 months (24 patients were analyzed). Functional disability improved with an average reduction in ODI of 11.9 (11.1) points (p < 0.001) after 3 months. Other patient-reported outcomes also improved significantly over the 3-month period. Overall, 51.9% of the patients achieved clinically meaningful pain reduction (≥20 mm), and no serious adverse events were reported. Treatment adherence was good, with half of the patients achieving 80% adherence. Conclusions: This pilot study suggests that taVNS is a feasible, safe and potentially effective treatment for CLBP that warrants further investigation in a randomized controlled trial compared to sham stimulation.
Objective Approach for Titration of Continuous Positive Airway Pressure in Patients with Obstructive Sleep Apnea Using Daytime Continuous Positive Airway Pressure Titration Based on Respiratory Movement Regularity
Authors: Burioka Naoto , Hirayama Yuki , Endo Masahiro , Oguri Masayoshi , Takata Miyako , Ikeuchi Tomoyuki , Yamasaki Akira
Published: December 2024

Background/Objectives: Continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) is used to treat patients with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) and has proven clinical efficacy for this condition. However, the objective method to determine the appropriate CPAP level for treatment is still unclear. Patients with OSA typically exhibit irregular respiratory efforts due to obstruction or narrowing of the upper airway during sleep. Treatment with an adequate CPAP level alleviates airway obstruction or narrowing, leading to more regular respiratory patterns. We aimed to develop an objective CPAP titration method using the respiratory regularity index (RRI) derived from respiratory movements. Methods: We conducted daytime CPAP titration in 10 patients with OSA. Respiratory movements were recorded by inductance plethysmography in three conditions: wake, apnea, and during CPAP therapy. The RRI of respiratory movements was calculated in each condition, and the CPAP level with the lowest RRI was identified as the appropriate air pressure level in each patient. CPAP therapy at the appropriate level determined by the study method was conducted for 2 months, after which efficacy was assessed by night polysomnography in the hospital. Results: The fixed air pressure level for the CPAP device was determined as 7.8 ± 0.7 cmH2O based on our daytime CPAP titration method using the RRI. The apnea–hypopnea index improved significantly from before CPAP therapy (43.1 ± 15.3 h−1) to during CPAP therapy (3.0 ± 2.1 h−1) (p < 0.006). The Epworth Sleepiness Scale score decreased significantly during CPAP therapy. The lowest percutaneous arterial oxygen saturation values in each sleep stage also improved significantly with the CPAP determined by our daytime CPAP titration method. Conclusions: The study findings showed that our daytime CPAP titration method based on the RRI is an effective method for determining individualized appropriate CPAP levels in patients with OSA. The RRI-based daytime CPAP titration method offers a simplified approach to determining the adequate CPAP level for patients with OSA.
Retrospective Clinical Outcomes of Keratoplasty Using Human Donor Corneas Preserved in Eusol-C Hypothermic Storage Medium
Authors: Colabelli Gisoldi Rossella Anna Maria , Pocobelli Giulio , Rodella Umberto , Giurgola Laura , Gatto Claudio , Lodato Gemma , Buffon Giacinta , Nucci Carlo , D’Amato Tóthová Jana , Pocobelli Augusto
Published: December 2024

Objective: To evaluate the clinical outcomes of cornea transplantation (penetrating keratoplasty, Descemet membrane endothelial keratoplasty, Descemet stripping automated endothelial keratoplasty, and deep anterior lamellar keratoplasty) using donor corneas stored in Eusol-C hypothermic storage medium compared to corneas stored in organ-culture. Methods: The clinical outcomes of 92 patients who underwent corneal transplantation with human donor corneas stored in Eusol-C medium at 2–8 °C were retrospectively evaluated. The control group consisted of 169 patients who received corneas organ-cultured at 31 °C. Donor age, sex, death-to-preservation time, and storage time were recorded. Endothelial cell (EC) density (ECD), EC mortality, and EC morphology scores were evaluated during storage in both groups. Complication rates, visual outcomes, and corneal transparency were monitored for up to six months. Results: The mean storage in Eusol-C time was 7.7 ± 2.5 days, while organ-culture time was 14.2 ± 4.0 days. In the Eusol-C group, ECD was 2398 ± 354 cells/mm2, with an average EC morphology score of 3.4 ± 0.7/4. Approximately 28% of the corneas in the Eusol-C group had no EC mortality. In the organ-culture group, ECD was 2256 ± 328 cells/mm2, with an average EC morphology score of 3.5 ± 0.5/4, and 42% were devoid of EC mortality. No complications, such as re-bubbling, were observed in both groups during surgery. Transparent corneas were achieved in 81.3% of the Eusol-C group the day after surgery. Mean corrected distance visual acuity (CDVA) at 3 and 6 months was 4.5 ± 4.0/10 and 5.4 ± 3.7/10 for the Eusol-C group and 5.0 ± 2.9/10 and 5.7 ± 2.8/10 for the organ-culture group, with no statistical differences observed between the groups. No graft failure was observed up to three months. Graft rejection occurred in the Eusol-C group and in the organ-culture group in, respectively, one and two cases at the six-month follow-up. Conclusions: Comparable surgical outcomes were achieved with donor corneas stored in both hypothermic Eusol-C and organ-culture media.
Predictors of Adaptive Behaviors in Individuals on the Autism Spectrum as Assessed by Teachers and Parents: An Analysis Based on ABAS-3
Authors: Kirenko Janusz , Prokopiak Anna , Wodziński Maciej
Published: December 2024

Objectives: This present study focuses on analyzing the adaptive behaviors of individuals on the autism spectrum as perceived by parents and teachers of these individuals. Methods: This study was conducted in Poland with the use of the ABAS-3 (Adaptive Behavior Assessment System). The ABAS-3 tool involves both parents (or primary caregivers) and teachers in the diagnostic process and monitoring of adaptive development. The study included 99 individuals (29 girls, 70 boys) aged between 5 and 21 years. Results: The analysis of the results showed statistically significant discrepancies in the perception of adaptive skills diagnosed as assessed by parents and teachers. Furthermore, differences were found in the predictors of the General Adaptive Composite and adaptive domains. Conclusions: The results indicate the complexity of the assessment of adaptive skills by a parent of a child with autism spectrum disorder, as well as a teacher, and the need to include different perspectives in the process of diagnosing and supporting individuals with ASD.
Prevalence of Abdominal Obesity in Children and Adolescents with Intellectual Disability in Southeastern Poland
Authors: Podgórska-Bednarz Justyna , Wyszyńska Justyna , Perenc Lidia , Yatsula Marta , Gagat-Matuła Anna , Mazur Artur
Published: December 2024

Background/Objectives: The aim of the study was to determine the frequency of occurrence of a significant health problem—abdominal obesity (AO)—in children and adolescents with intellectual disability (ID) compared to children and adolescents without disabilities, examined in the period 2013–2014. Methods: The study group included 568 students with various ID degrees (n = 265 mild; n = 249 moderate; n = 54 severe) (age range 7–18 years) attending care and educational facilities. The comparison group (non-ID) was randomly selected based on the principle of matching the group (age and sex) among students without ID. Anthropometric measurements were taken: waist circumference (WC), height, and body mass. To classify WC and BMI values, percentile charts developed within the OLAF project were used. Analyses were performed using the independence chi-square test, odds ratio (95% confidence interval) and logistic regression for multivariate analysis. The level of significance was assumed as α = 0.05. Results: The prevalence of AO in the ID group was not statistically significant (OR = 1.31; p = 0.056). The risk in the study group was significantly higher in the older age category (OR = 1.88; p < 0.001) and increased with the level of intellectual disability, amounting (OR = 3.71; p < 0.001) to moderate ID and (OR = 5.62; p < 0.001) for profound ID, respectively. Conclusions: Consideration should be given to the extension of preventive and therapeutic measures to defined subgroups of children and adolescents with intellectual disabilities, who are particularly vulnerable to AO.
Using Virtual Reality Pablo Gaming in the Post-Operative Rehabilitation of Breast Cancer Patients: Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Abdelmoniem Ibrahim Ahmed , Aly Sobhy M. , Youssef Ahmed S. A. , Ragab Mohamed Marzouk Mohamed , Hussein Hisham M.
Published: December 2024

Background/Objectives: Surgical treatment of breast cancer may lead to physical and psychological side effects. Exercises, especially those aided by virtual reality (VR), can improve both physical and psychological dysfunctions. To explore the effects of exercises using VR through Pablo games Technology on the function, grip strength, wrist ROM, fatigue, pain, activities of daily living (ADLs), and anxiety among post-operative breast cancer females. Methods: Forty post-operative breast cancer females participated in the current study: nineteen in the control group (CG), who received a standard treatment consisting of upper limb exercises plus intermittent compression therapy, and twenty-one participants assigned to the Pablo group (PG), who received the standard treatment plus additional training using the Pablo game training system. The intervention period was eight weeks long. The outcome measures were function, grip strength, wrist ROM, fatigue, pain, activities of daily living, and anxiety. Data were obtained at the baseline, after eight weeks, and at two months follow-up. Results: There were statistically significant declines in pain and fatigue, while there were statistically significant improvements in ADLs, grip strength, function, and ROM post-intervention and at two months follow-up in both groups (p < 0.001). Between-group comparisons demonstrated a statistically significant decrease in pain, anxiety, and fatigue and statistically significant improvements in function, ADLs, grip strength, and ROM in favor of the PG post-treatment and at the follow-up (p < 0.001). Conclusions: Adding VR using the Pablo game training system to the standard rehabilitation of post-surgical breast cancer patients can further improve their function, hand grip, wrist ROM, fatigue, pain, and ADLs.
A Comparative Analysis of Buckling Pressure Prediction in Composite Cylindrical Shells Under External Loads Using Machine Learning
Authors: Lee Hyung Gi , Sohn Jung Min
Published: December 2024

Composite materials are increasingly utilized in engineering due to their superior properties such as strength, flexibility, and corrosion resistance. However, accurately predicting the buckling pressure of composite cylindrical shells under external loads remains challenging due to the complexities introduced by various stacking methods. This study addressed this challenge by integrating advanced machine learning techniques with simulation-based data generation through finite element analysis (FEA). A comprehensive dataset comprising 1369 simulation results was generated using ANSYS ACP, focusing on cylindrical shells modeled with an 8-mm-thick filament winding technique and T700 material. The stacking angles ranged from −90 degrees to 90 degrees in 5-degree increments. Stacking configurations (inputs) and their corresponding buckling strength (outputs) were generated using ANSYS ACP. Machine learning models, including linear regression, elastic net, polynomial regression, random forest, support vector regression, XGBoost regression, and artificial neural networks, were implemented using Python 3.8 and Scikit-learn (version 0.24.2). A comparative analysis of these methods revealed their model performance, providing insights into the most effective approaches. Additionally, the accuracy of these models was then evaluated on previously unseen input data, allowing for a comparison of their out-of-sample accuracy. The results demonstrated that the random forest model and XGBoost regression achieved superior accuracy with minimal prediction errors. The study highlights the critical role of machine learning in predicting buckling pressure, which is essential for ensuring structural integrity and optimizing performance in marine engineering and other applications involving composite materials.
Effect of a Mating Type Gene Editing in Lentinula edodes Using RNP/Nanoparticle Complex
Authors: Kim Minseek , Oh Minji , Im Ji-Hoon , Lee Eun-Ji , Ryu Hojin , Ro Hyeon-Su , Oh Youn-Lee
Published: December 2024

Gene editing using CRISPR/Cas9 is an innovative tool for developing new mushroom strains, offering a promising alternative to traditional breeding methods that are time-consuming and labor-intensive. However, plasmid-based gene editing presents several challenges, including the need for selecting appropriate promoters for Cas9 expression, optimizing codons for the Cas9 gene, the unintended insertion of fragmented plasmid DNA into genomic DNA (gDNA), and regulatory concerns related to genetically modified organisms (GMOs). To address these issues, we utilized a Ribonucleoprotein (RNP) complex consisting of Cas9 and gRNA for gene editing to modify the A mating-type gene of Lentinula edodes. To overcome the challenges posed by the large size of the Cas9 protein, which limits its penetration through the protoplast membrane, and the susceptibility of sgRNA to degradation, we developed a nanoparticle complex using calcium phosphate and polyacrylic acid. This approach significantly improved gene editing efficiency. Consequently, we successfully edited the mating-controlling genes hd1 and hd2 in L. edodes and examined the effects of their disruption on mating. Disruption of the hd1 gene, which is known to influence mycelial growth, did not significantly affect growth or mating. In contrast, editing the hd2 gene disrupted mating with compatible partners, highlighting its critical role in the mating process. The RNP-based transformation technology presented here offers significant advancement over traditional plasmid-based methods, enhancing the efficiency of targeted gene modification while avoiding the insertion of foreign genetic material, thereby mitigating GMO-related regulatory concerns.
Prevalence of Mismatch Repair Deficiency in Advanced Solid Tumors (Colorectal Cancer and Non-Colorectal Cancer) in One Mexican Institution
Authors: Dorantes-Heredia Rita , Motola-Kuba Daniel , Escamilla-López Ixel , Téllez-Bernal Eduardo , Conde-Flores Emilio , Escalera-Santamaría Daniel , Medina-Ceballos Emilio , Ruiz-Morales José , Dorokhova Elena , Flores-García Lucia Edith , Lugo Gabriela , Filio-Rodríguez Georgina del C.
Published: December 2024

Background/Objectives: Mismatch repair (MMR) status is an important prognostic and predictive indicator in cancer, distinguishing proficient (pMMR) tumors from deficient (dMMR) ones. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of dMMR in colorectal (CRC) and selected non-CRC solid tumors (gastric, esophageal, and endometrial cancers). Methods: This retrospective study was conducted at a private health institution in Mexico City, analyzing patients diagnosed with colorectal, gastric, esophageal, or endometrial cancer from January 2017 to December 2020. dMMR prevalence was assessed using available status information and tissue samples for immunohistochemistry (IHC). Data were analyzed via SPSS, presenting results in frequencies and percentages. Results: Most solid tumors exhibited MSH2, MSH6, and MLH1 expression above 90%, with slightly lower levels in endometrial cancer. Esophageal cancer showed 100% pMMR. dMMR prevalence was found to be 12.7% for CRC, 8.3% for gastric, and 18.5% for endometrial cancers. Prevalence rates were similar across genders (11.1% in women and 12.9% in men), with the highest prevalence in the 41–50 age group (20%) and the lowest in the 31–40 age group (7.7%). Conclusions: This study offers valuable insights into the frequency of dMMR mutations in a cohort of the Mexican population, providing a basis for further research on their prevalence in Mexico.
Response of Ecological Quality to Land Use/Cover Change During Rapid Urbanization of Xiong’an New Area
Authors: Sun Qi , Qiao Ruitong , Jiao Quanjun , Xing Huimin , Wang Can , Zhu Xinyu , Huang Wenjiang , Zhang Bing
Published: December 2024

Rapid urbanization facilitates socioeconomic development but also exacerbates land use/cover change (LUCC), significantly impacting ecological environments. Timely, objective, and quantitative assessments of ecological quality changes resulting from LUCC are essential for safeguarding the natural environment and managing land resources. However, limited research has explored the potential interrelationships between the spatio-temporal heterogeneity of LUCC and ecological quality during urbanization. This study focuses on the Xiong’an New Area, a region experiencing rapid urbanization, utilizing the remote sensing-based ecological index (RSEI) to monitor ecological quality dynamics from 2017 to 2023. To address the computational challenges associated with large-scale regions, a streamlined RSEI construction method was developed using Landsat imagery and implemented via Google Earth Engine (GEE). A geographically weighted regression (GWR) analysis, integrated with Sentinel-2 land use data, was employed to examine the influence of LUCC on ecological quality. The findings reveal the following: (1) Ecological quality in the Xiong’an New Area has exhibited an overall positive trajectory, with improvements elevating the ecological status to above moderate levels. (2) Urban expansion resulted in a 17% reduction in farmland, primarily converted into construction land, which expanded by approximately 12%. (3) Ecological protection policies have facilitated the conversion of farmland into wetlands and urban green areas, which emerged as the principal contributors to ecological quality enhancement. (4) A positive correlation was observed between changes in ecological land and ecological quality, while a negative correlation was identified between shifts in the construction land and farmland and ecological quality. This research provides valuable scientific insights into ecological conservation and land use management, thereby establishing a foundation for the development of rational land resource planning and sustainable ecological development strategies in the Xiong’an New Area.
Managing Global Forests in View of Multiple Goals: An Evidence-Based Perspective
Authors: Vizzarri Matteo
Published: December 2024

Forest ecosystems are increasingly facing challenges related to overexploitation and climate and land-use change, thereby posing a threat to the myriad benefits they provide. Forest management is the only tool for ensuring that adaptation, mitigation, and biodiversity conservation in forest ecosystems are maintained and further enhanced over time. However, forest managers might not have clear guidance on how to ensure these goals are achieved through their practices, which is why a goal-driven management framework is proposed and discussed in this study. The proposed framework provides an overview of the possible effects of alternative forest management practices on climate services, biodiversity conservation, and wood extraction and production. Based on this framework, the following “should-haves” for forest management towards achieving multiple goals are outlined: consideration of the trade-offs between biodiversity and other benefits; the need to reflect on time and space variability; and incorporation of climate sensitivity. The suggested actions are as follows: improve the monitoring framework; implement more robust modeling tools; and further consider policy trajectories.
Evaluating Inequity in Access to Park-Based Physical Activity at the Sub-District Scale: A Case Study in Xianyang, China
Authors: He Mingyang , Ren Hongqian , Wang Wenxi , Feng Xiaoxiao , Wang Kai
Published: December 2024

Urban densification has heightened residents’ demand for equitable access to urban park services, particularly those that support physical activity (PA). This access is crucial for public health and sustainable urban development. We developed the Park-Based Physical Activity Composite Attractiveness Score (PCAS) to assess the supply and service equity of parks at the sub-district scale in the central city of Xianyang, western China. The average PCAS for all parks in the study area was 46, with 69% scoring below the benchmark of 60, indicating that the parks fail to meet residents’ PA needs. We found a significant imbalance in park distribution. The 14 sub-districts we measured had an average supply score of 42 and a demand score of 49, demonstrating a clustering of park services in areas with natural resources and higher socioeconomic status. While the overall park service level was found to be reasonably equitable (Gini coefficient of 0.38), a large gap in the sub-dimensional indicators point to inequities in park services. The following scenario optimization suggested that adding new parks could more effectively enhance equity and residents’ PA levels than simply increasing park facilities. Our results provide valuable insights for urban park planning and policy-making, and contribute to the development of more equitable and accessible park services to achieve public health objectives.
Selective Scandium Elution from D2EHPA-Impregnated Ion-Exchange Resin After Metal Loading from Acidic Chloride Solutions
Authors: Mikeli Eleni , Marinos Danai , Balomenos Efthymios , Panias Dimitrios
Published: December 2024

This paper investigates the elution behavior of scandium from D2EHPA (Di-(2-ethylhexyl) phosphoric acid)-impregnated resins that proceed with metal loading from acidic chloride solutions. D2EHPA resins stem from their recognized selectivity for Sc extraction from acidic solutions. This study focuses on the elution process after ion-exchange extraction and examines various elution systems to achieve selective Sc recovery. Among the tested elution media, fluoride-based systems were proven effective for Sc desorption. The elution of the resins was demonstrated in a column set-up, where complete and selective elution of Sc was achieved. Τhis study contributes to the advancement of Sc extraction methods from chloride solutions, offering valuable insights for industrial applications, especially emphasizing the importance of optimizing the elution step for achieving efficient recovery of Sc.
Rheological Properties of Emulsions Stabilized by Cellulose Derivatives with the Addition of Ethyl Alcohol
Authors: Różańska Sylwia , Różański Jacek , Wagner Patrycja , Warmbier-Wytykowska Ewelina
Published: December 2024

The paper presents the results of research on the rheological properties and stability of oil-in-water emulsions containing cellulose derivatives: methylcellulose, hydroxyethylcellulose, and hydroxypropylmethylcellulose. The continuous phase of the emulsion was a 70% ethanol (EtOH) solution by volume. The dispersed phase consisted of mineral, linseed, and canola oils (20% by volume). Rheological measurements were performed in both steady and oscillatory flow. Emulsion stability was assessed on visual observation and changes in droplet diameter over a period of 5 months after preparation. Relatively stable emulsions were obtained without the addition of low-molecular-weight surfactants, exhibiting viscoelastic properties. The presence of ethanol in the continuous phase significantly slowed down the processes of emulsion sedimentation or creaming, as well as droplet coalescence. The reasons for the slow phase separation were linked to changes in density and zero-shear viscosity of the continuous phase caused by the addition of EtOH. All emulsions were highly polydisperse, and the addition of methylcellulose and hydroxypropylmethylcellulose further led to the formation of strongly flocculated emulsions. Droplet flocculation resulted in highly viscoelastic fluids. In particular, for emulsions containing hydroxypropylmethylcellulose, the ratio of the storage modulus to the loss modulus approached a value close to 0.1, which is characteristic of gels.
Synthesis Strategy Toward Minimizing Adventitious Oxygen Contents in the Mechanochemically Made Semiconductor Kesterite Cu2ZnSnS4 Nanopowders
Authors: Kapusta Katarzyna , Olejniczak Zbigniew , Janik Jerzy F.
Published: December 2024

A multipronged approach to the refined mechanochemical synthesis of the semiconductor kesterite Cu2ZnSnS4 with minimal quantities of adventitious oxygen as well as to optimizing handling procedures from that angle is described. Three precursor systems are used to provide a pool of freshly made cubic prekesterite nanopowders with no semiconductor properties and the thermally annealed at 500 °C tetragonal kesterite nanopowders of the semiconductor. Based on the previously reported high propensity of such nanopowders to long-term deteriorating oxidation in ambient air, suitable modifications of all crucial synthesis steps are implemented, which are directed toward excluding or limiting the materials’ exposure to air. The nanopowders are comprehensively characterized by powder XRD, FT-IR/Raman/UV-Vis spectroscopies, solid-state 65Cu/119Sn MAS NMR, TGA/DTA-QMS analysis, SEM, BET/BJH specific surface area, and helium density determinations, and, significantly, are directly analyzed for oxygen and hydrogen contents. The important finding is that following the anaerobic procedures and realistically minimizing the materials’ exposure to air in certain manipulation steps results in the preparation of better oxidation-resistant nanopowders with a dramatic relative decrease in their oxygen content than previously reported. The adherence to the strict synthesis conditions that limit contact of the no-oxygen-containing kesterite nanopowders with ambient air is emphasized.
The Effect of H+ Fluence Irradiation on the Optical, Structural, and Morphological Properties of ZnO Thin Films
Authors: López-Suárez Alejandra , Cruz-Delgado Yaser D. , Acosta Dwight R. , López-Patiño Juan , Fuentes Beatriz E.
Published: December 2024

Polycrystalline zinc oxide (ZnO) thin films were deposited on soda-lime glass substrates using the chemical spray pyrolysis method at 450 °C. The samples were irradiated with 8 keV H+ ions at three different fluences using a Colutron ion gun. The effects of the irradiation on the structural, morphological, and optical properties were studied with different techniques, including Rutherford Backscattering Spectrometry (RBS), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), and Ultraviolet and Visible Spectroscopy (UV–Vis). The results show that ion irradiation enhances crystallinity, narrowing the optical band gap. The changes in transmittance are related to defect formation within the material, which acts as light absorption and re-emission centers. A shifting of the film’s preferred growth orientation to the c-axis and changing the grain morphology and size distribution was detected. We observed an increase in the lattice parameters observed after irradiation, suggesting an expansion of the crystalline structure due to ions incorporation and defects within the ZnO crystal lattice. The morphological study shows an increase in the average size of the large particles after irradiation. This change is attributed to the emergence of defects and nucleation centers during irradiation. The average size of small particles remained relatively constant after irradiation, suggesting that small particles are more stable and less susceptible to external influences, resulting in fewer changes due to irradiation.
The Impact of Pre-Treatment with Desensitizing Agents on the Effectiveness of In-Office Bleaching: An In Vitro Study
Authors: Islam Md Sofiqul , Padmanabhan Vivek , Abry Maryam Fuad , Mousa Ahmed Khadega Mohammed , Aryal A C Smriti , Rahman Muhammed Mustahsen , El Bahra Shadi
Published: December 2024

In-office teeth bleaching is an esthetic dental procedure performed to whiten teeth. A desensitizing procedure often requires prior in-office bleaching to relieve tooth hypersensitivity. The objective of this study was to evaluate the bleaching efficiency of teeth specimens pre-treated with different desensitizing agents by analyzing the color parameters. A total of 25 bovine specimens were stained and divided into five groups (n = 5). The specimens were pre-treated with GLUMA, ICON, bonding, or fluoride varnish according to the manufacturer’s instructions. Subsequently, the samples underwent three consecutive 20 min bleaching sessions using an in-office bleaching product. Color values in the CIE L*, a*, and b* color space were initially recorded, both before any treatment and after each bleaching session. The color difference (ΔE) was then computed. The data were analyzed using SPSS 24.0 software. The color alteration after pre-treatment was analyzed using a one-way ANOVA test, and the color alteration in each bleaching session was compared using a repeated-measure ANOVA test. A one-way ANOVA analysis showed a statistically significant difference in the bleaching efficiency of teeth specimens pre-treated with different desensitizers (p < 0.001). The repeated-measure ANOVA analysis showed no statistically significant difference in additional bleaching sessions (p = 0.133). The ICON and bonding pre-treatment showed the color alteration of teeth specimens before the bleaching procedure. Although the different desensitizer pre-treatments showed significant differences in bleaching efficiency, the differences in color parameters of the teeth specimens at the end of three bleaching sessions were statistically insignificant. Desensitizer pre-treatment influenced the degree of color change during multiple bleaching sessions; however, the outcome of bleaching was not affected by desensitizer pre-treatment.
Band Alignment of Stacked Crystalline Si/GaN pn Heterostructures Interfaced with an Amorphous Region Using X-Ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy
Authors: Kim Kwangeun
Published: December 2024

The energy band alignment of a stacked Si/GaN heterostructure was investigated using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) depth profiling, highlighting the influence of the amorphous interface region on the electronic properties. The crystalline Si/GaN pn heterostructure was formed by stacking a Si nanomembrane onto a GaN epi-substrate. The amorphous layer formed at the stacked Si/GaN interface altered the energy band of the stacked heterostructure and affected the injection of charge carriers across the junction interface region. This study revealed the interfacial upward energy band bending of the stacked Si/GaN heterostructure with surface potentials of 0.99 eV for GaN and 1.14 eV for Si, attributed to the formation of the amorphous interface. These findings challenge the conventional electron affinity model by accounting for interfacial bonding effects. Electrical measurements of the stacked Si/GaN pn heterostructure diode exhibited a rectifying behavior, consistent with the XPS-determined energy band alignment. The diode outperformed early design with a low leakage current density of 5 × 10−5 A/cm2 and a small ideality factor of 1.22. This work underscores the critical role of the amorphous interface in determining energy band alignment and provides a robust methodology for optimizing the electronic performance of stacked heterostructures. The XPS-based approach can be extended to analyze and develop multi-layered bipolar devices.
Multiscale Elastic Modulus Characterization of Ti0.5Fe0.45Mn0.05, an Iron–Titanium–Manganese Alloy Dedicated to Hydrogen Storage
Authors: Bebon Ludovic , Maynadier Anne , Gaillard Yves , Chapelle David
Published: December 2024

Hydrogen storage in intermetallic compounds, known as solid-state storage, relies on a phase change by the metal alloy. This phenomenon causes a violent change in volume at the crystalline scale, inducing a change of volume for the millimetric particles and, with time, important stresses on the tanks. It is thus necessary to know the mechanical behavior of the material to report these phenomena and improve the tanks’ reliability. The present study deals with the mechanical characterization of Ti0.5Fe0.45Mn0.05 alloy at different scales. First, the elastic modulus was measured by compression tests of cylindrical samples. The estimated macroscopic elastic modulus was about 198 GPa, with high variability, from 163 to 229 GPa. Secondly, ultrasonic elastic characterization together with instrumented indentation allowed an estimation of both Young’s modulus and Poisson’s ratio at 269 GPa and 0.29, respectively. Finally, the nanoindentation results, combined with SEM imaging and EDS analyses, revealed that several metallurgical phases coexist below the particle scale. Four distinct domains in terms of elasticity were clearly identified. The coherence of all these estimations is discussed and interpreted considering the true microstructure of the material and the defects present in the different samples.
Optical, Mechanical, and Chemical Impact of Brushing with Activated Charcoal Toothpowder and Toothpaste on Dental Enamel: An In Vitro Evaluation
Authors: Cutrim Eva Aline Costa , Penha Karla Janilee de Souza , Silva Patrícia Barbosa da , Carvalho Edilausson Moreno , Silva Mayron Guedes , Kugelmeier Cristie Luis , Firoozmand Leily Macedo
Published: December 2024

This in vitro study evaluated the effects of brushing with activated charcoal powder or toothpaste on enamel surface properties, including color change (ΔE), Knoop microhardness (HK), roughness (Ra), and the characteristics of the resulting brushing slurry [pH, fluoride (F−), and calcium (Ca2+) concentration]. A total of 48 enamel samples were stained and divided into 4 groups (n = 12): activated charcoal toothpaste (AC-T), activated charcoal powder (AC-P), hydrogen peroxide-based whitening toothpaste (HP-T), and conventional toothpaste (C-T, positive control). The samples were subjected to a brushing cycling model, and ΔE, HK, Ra and enamel morphology were analyzed at baseline (T0) and after brushing cycle (T1). Additionally, the pH, soluble F−, and Ca2+ concentrations of the slurry were analyzed. Data were analyzed using ANOVA/Tukey and paired t-tests (α = 0.05). After brushing, AC-T and AC-P (p < 0.05) showed a decrease in HK, an increase in Ra, and no ΔE variation was observed between groups (p = 0.163). All products had alkaline slurries (>7), and AC-P had no detectable F− (p = 0.00) with significantly higher calcium loss (p = 0.015). Fewer enamel topographical changes were observed in C-T. In conclusion, brushing with CA toothpowder and toothpaste does not promote color change, but toothpowder increases surface Ra, decreases enamel HK, lacks F−, and causes greater Ca2+ loss.
Influence of Bonding Temperature on Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of AZ31/Zn/Sn/5083 Diffusion Joint
Authors: Tan Tianbao , Guo Yangyang , Chen Gang , Rong Zijun , Pan Houhong
Published: December 2024

Diffusion bonding with an interlayer is considered an effective means of obtaining Mg/Al dissimilar alloy joints. However, at low temperatures, it is often impossible to simultaneously achieve joints between the interlayer and Mg/Al under the same bonding parameters. For this reason, the interlayer is usually prefabricated on the substrate, followed by conducting diffusion bonding. Due to the higher diffusion rate of atoms in the liquid phase compared to atoms in the solid phase, creating a liquid phase field in diffusion bonding to reduce diffusion resistance and thus omitting the step of prefabricating the interlayer is a feasible approach. In this study, solid-state diffusion bonding and TLP (transient liquid phase) diffusion bonding were combined. The low-temperature diffusion bonding of the Mg/Al alloy was achieved under the same parameters using a Zn/Sn composite interlayer, utilizing the formation of a Zn-Sn eutectic liquid phase and the complete melting of Sn during heating without requiring a prefabricated interlayer. Unlike conventional composite interlayers used in diffusion bonding, the Sn layer of the Zn/Sn composite interlayer completely melts into liquid and is squeezed out of the bonding interface at the bonding temperature. The Mg/Zn interface was bonded by solid-state diffusion bonding, while the Al/Zn interface was joined through TLP diffusion bonding. Research on the bonding temperature showed that the bonding temperature range was narrow and that variation in the bonding temperature had a significant impact on the microstructure of the joints.