bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
MODUS CONCEPT CONDITIONALITY AND ITS STRUCTURE IN GERMAN LINGUISTIC CULTURE
Authors:   Samara State University of Social Sciences and Education, Kostrova O.A.
Published: July 2023

The paper is devoted to interaction of cognitive and language mechanisms forming conditional sense in German linguistic culture. Dominant language units that represent this sense are conditional clauses. In the German language there are some conjunctions with conditional sense making the meaning of subordinate clauses variable: wenn, falls, sofern, wenn also . The purpose of the paper is to find out conceptual variability that indicates the interpretation modus of conditionality. Realizing this purpose, the author uses the principle of situation performing that allows to differentiate subconcepts of CONDITIONALITY in the German linguistic culture. The semantics of clauses depends on the semantics of the conjunctions. Following its etymology, the conjunction falls is connected with the verb fallen and the noun der Fall . Both indicate the component ‘moving down’ in their meaning. In German the subconcept represented by the conjunction falls implies especially marked situations that are unexpected or undesired. The conjunction sofern is etymologically connected with the preposition in that indicates some restricted room. That’s why the clauses connected with sofern denote some restriction of situations. The conjunction wenn also is complex, so in this case we have to do with complex cognitive activity. The first step of this activity is to summarize the pretext content by the component also , the second step is to change the summarized content by the component wenn into a condition, so that clauses sign especially marked summarized conditional situations. In the structure of CONDITIONALITY the author distinguishes between the center represented by wenn -clauses and the periphery represented by the following conjunctions whose interpretation modus is specific: falls indicates the modus of unexpected or undesired condition , sofern signs the modus of restriction and wenn also the modus of resuming. The outlook provides researching of other modus concepts that are represented by subordinate clauses connected with other conjunctions.
SYNTACTIC CONSTRUCTIONS: SOURCES, PATHS, MEANS AND MECHANISM OF GRAMMATICALIZATION
Authors:   Southern Federal University, Melikyan V.Y. , Melikyan A.V. ,   Southern Federal University
Published: July 2023

The article examines the phenomenon of grammaticalization on the material of syntactic constructions. The authors reveal the sources (linguistic means) of grammaticalization, their linguistic nature (causes of grammaticalization), determine the grammaticalization degree of each source; have formed a typology of sources for free and phraseologized syntactic constructions, have determined universal and unique sources; justified the allocation of syntactic sources proper. The paths of grammaticalization are described. Two means of grammaticalization have been established: the main one is the deactualization of the indicator, the secondary means is actualization. At the same time, both means lead to a generalization of lexical, grammatical and functional semantics, to decategorization or transcategorization of the language sign. Thus, we argue that in the field of syntactic constructions there is only one mechanism of grammaticalization - generalization / abstraction / expansion of the language sign meaning. We formulated the following definition of syntactic construction grammaticalization: grammaticalization of the compulsory unchangeable component of the fixed phrase scheme is the transition of a functional or notional lexeme (or a combination of lexemes) into a compulsory component of a phraseologized syntactic construction as a result of complete or partial deactualization of its lexical-morphological and syntactic meaning, i.e. the transition of language signs from the lexical-morphological sphere to the syntactic (syntaxization). The grammaticalization of the syntactic construction ultimately leads to the formation of a new linguistic tool (syntactic phraseological unit: a fixed model, fixed phrase scheme or fixed phrase) with new grammatical indicators, as well as a new way of representing both grammatical and dictum-modus (a fixed model, fixed phrase scheme) or only modus (fixed phrase) meaning.
THE BIG ROLE OF “SMALL WORDS” (on the material of the English language)
Authors:   Altai State Pedagogical University, Kozlova L.A.
Published: July 2023

The object of research in the article is functional parts of speech, and the subject matter is their role in the language realization of its main functions: cognitive, communicative and interpretive. As the author states, functional words have been thoroughly studied in the context of structural paradigm whereas their role in the reconstruction of the work of consciousness calls for a more detailed analysis which is the aim of the article. The analysis is carried out on the material of the English language with occasional references to the Russian language. The main methods of analysis are introspection and semantic interpretation, inferential and context-situational types of analysis. As the analysis shows the functional parts of speech contribute greatly to the language realization of its main functions: cognitive, communicative and interpretive. The history of the determination category, constituted by the opposition of the definite, indefinite and zero articles, reveals that articles reflect the cognitive development of a human being, the transition from the perception of a single object to categorization, i.e. from concrete to abstract thinking. The participation of the article in the actual division of the sentence reveals its contribution to the language realization of its communicative and interpretive functions. The main function of the prepositions consists in forming the scaffolding for our thought on its way to verbalization in the sentence as a special format of knowledge about a situation of reality. Prepositions serve as language markers of the roles of participants of the event, presented in the sentence. Besides, the variation in the choice of a preposition manifests the difference in the focus of attention during the perception of an event as well as the difference in the perception of the same event by different types of language consciousness. Conjunctions as markers of the character of relations between the components of a composite sentence as a special format of knowledge manifest the possibility of different interpretations of the relations between the events of reality presented in the proposition of the composite sentence as a mental analog of reality. The study of conjunctions in the cognitive aspect enables us to get knowledge about the cognitive development of a child as well as about the specificity of discourse patterns in different languages related to ethnocultural factors. Reflecting the deep relations between the events of reality, conceptualized by the individual mind, conjunctions carry out an important function in the fiction text, participating in the expression of its dominant meanings and the plot development.
Trace Elements Concentrations in Urban Air at Helsinki, Finland, During a 44 Year Period
Authors: Ioannidou Eleftheria , Papagiannis Stefanos , Manousakas Manousos Ioannis , Betsou Chrysoula , Eleftheriadis Konstantinos , Paatero Jussi , Lambrini Papadopoulou , Ioannidou Alexandra
Published: July 2023

The atmospheric concentrations of sodium, aluminum, silicon, sulphur, chlorine, potassium, calcium, titanium, vanadium, chromium, manganese, iron, nickel, copper, zinc, bromine and lead were measured in air filters at the Finnish Meteorological Institute station, in Helsinki, Finland, during a period of 44 years (1962-2005). The mean annual concentrations were calculated and are presented from the lowest values to the highest ones Cr<Ni<Ti<Br<V<Mn<Cu<Zn<Cl<Al<Fe<K<Ca<Na<Pb<Si<S. Most of the elements (Fe, Si, Ti, K, Ca, Zn, Br, Pb, V, Ni, S, Cr, Na, Al, Cl) present higher values during spring and winter season while in summer the elements (Ti, Ca, S, Na) are found in higher concentrations. There is a strong correlation between the elements (V-Ni, Si-Pb, Fe-Ca, V-Cr, Si-K, K-Ca, Fe-Ti, K-Na, Si-Ca, V-S), indicating their common source. The identification of the sources of trace elements was performed based on positive matrix factorization analysis, using SoFi software. Four PM sources were identified: road dust (due to usage of leaded fuel), heavy oil combustion/secondary sulfates, traffic emissions and natural dust (soil). For the total of 44 years studied, significant decreases in concentrations were observed for all trace elements, most of which were over 50%: Na (-74%), Al (-86%), Si (-88%), S (-82%), K (-82%), Ca (-89%), Ti (-80%), V (-89%), Cr (-82%), Mn (-77%), Fe (-77%), Ni (-61%), Zn (-72%), Pb (-95%). The current data are consistent with previous air studies covering the whole territory of Finland. Finally, a significant decline has been observed in the majority of the elemental concentrations since the end of 70s, underlying the effectiveness of different environmental policies that have been applied during the last decades.
Soft Tissue Manipulation Alters RANTES/CCL5 and IL-4 Cytokine Levels in a Rat Model of Chronic Low Back Pain
Authors: Marciano Carmela L , Hiland Taylor A , Jackson Krista L. , Street Sierra , Maris Carson , Ehrsam Andrew , Hum Julia M , Loghmani Terry , Chu Tien-Min Gabriel , Kang Kyung S , Lowery Jonathan
Published: July 2023

Low back pain (LBP) is a common musculoskeletal complaint that can impede physical function and mobility. Current management often involves pain medication, but there is a need for non-pharmacological and non-invasive interventions. Soft tissue manipulation (STM) such as massage has been shown to be effective in human subjects, but the molecular mechanisms underlying these findings are not well understood. In this paper, we evaluated potential changes in soft tissue levels of more than thirty pro- or anti-inflammatory cytokines following instrument-assisted STM (IASTM) in rats with chronic, induced LBP using Complete Freund’s Adjuvant. Our results indicate that IASTM is associated with reduced soft tissue levels of RANTES/CCL5 and increased soft tissue levels of IL-4, which are pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory factors, respectively, by 120 minutes post-treatment. IASTM was not associated with tissue-level changes in CXCL5/LIX (the murine homologue of IL-8), CXCL7, GM-CSF ICAM-1, IL1-ra, IL-6, IP-10/CXCL10, L-selectin, TNF-α, or VEGF at either 30- or 120 minutes post-treatment. Combined, our findings suggest that IASTM exerts tissue-level effects that are associated with improved clinical outcomes and potentially beneficial changes in pro/anti-inflammatory cytokines in circulation and at the tissue level.
Scanning Electron Microscopy Analysis of Lymphatic Regeneration in a Secondary Lymphedema Mouse Model
Authors: Hayashida Kenji , Ogino Ryohei , Suda Shota , Yamakawa Sho
Published: July 2023

Under inflammatory conditions including lymphatic disorders, bone marrow-derived myeloid cells often express lymphatic endothelial cell (LEC) markers called LEC progenitor cells, which extend lymphatic vessels by fusing with existing lymphatic vessels. However, studies on the mechanism of lymphatic regeneration using three-dimensional images of lymphatic structures are limited. In this study, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used to observe the three-dimensional structure of lymphangiogenesis in a mouse model of secondary lymphedema. The model was established in C57BL/6J mice via circumferential incision in the inguinal region of the left hind limb. Skin samples were obtained from the lymphedema region on days 2, 5, and 8 after surgery. To determine lymphatic vessel positions using SEM analysis, we detected anti-lymphatic vessel endothelial hyaluronan receptor 1 (LYVE-1) immunoreactivity in serial sections and overlaid them during SEM observation. On days 2 and 5, spherical cells, probably myeloid cells, were attached and fused to the LYVE-1-positive lymphatic vessel walls. On day 8, spherical cells were converted to string-shaped cells, forming a new lymphatic vessel wall resembling an intraluminal pillar. Our results show the three-dimensional lymphatic structures formed during lymphatic regeneration.
Cross-Mesh Clock Network Synthesis
Authors: Cheng Wei-Kai , Yeh Zih-Ming , Kao Hsu-Yu , Huang Shih-Hsu
Published: July 2023

In the clock network design, the trade-off between power consumption and timing closure is an important and difficult issue. To achieve this target, a hybrid clock network architecture that combines both clock tree and clock mesh seems to be a promising solution. In this paper, we propose a novel clock mesh architecture – cross-mesh, with the average dispersion of the overall driving force, our methodology creates small non-zero skew clock trees. In addition, we integrate clock gating and register clustering techniques to further reduce dynamic power consumption. The proposed algorithms have four stages: cross-mesh planning, register clustering, mesh line connecting, and load balancing. Experimental results show that our methodology and algorithms get feasible solution effectively and improve both power consumption and clock skew simultaneously.
Symmetry and the Nanoscale: Advances in Analytical Modeling in the Perspective of Holistic Unification
Authors: Di Sia Paolo
Published: July 2023

Analytical modeling has symmetries and aesthetic-mathematical characteristics that distinguish it from numerical computation. Nanoscience plays an extremely important role in unification efforts that also include holistic aspects of reality. In this paper I present new discovered results about the complete analytical quantum relativistic form of the mean square deviation of position false related to a lately appeared Drude-Lorentz-like model (DS model), already performed at classical, quantum and relativistic level. The function false gives precise information about the distance crossed by carriers (electrons, ions, etc.) inside a nanostructure, considering both quantum effects and relativistic velocities. The model has a wide scale range of applicability; the nanoscale is considered in this paper, but it holds from sub-pico-level to macro-level because of the existence of a gauge factor, making it applicable to every oscillating processes in Nature. Examples of application and suggestions supplement the paper, as well as interesting developments to be studied related to the model and to one of the basic elements of a current unified holistic approach based on the vacuum energy.
Surface Quality Evaluation in the Milling Process Using a Ball Nose End Mill
Authors: Varga Ján , Ižol Peter , Vrabeľ Marek , Kaščák Ľuboš , Drbúl Mário , Brindza Jozef
Published: July 2023

Shaped surfaces are increasingly used in the field of mould making for casting or injection moulding, where future products include shapes with different curvatures. These are surfaces that form convex curves, concave curves, or a combination thereof. Given these machined surfaces, it is important to know the impact of the finishing strategies on these surfaces. This paper deals with the comparison of finishing milling strategies in the production of shaped surfaces and the analysis of different methods for the evaluation of surface topography, surface roughness and the evaluation of deviations. The material used for the experiments was AlCu4Mg aluminium alloy, and Constant Z, Spiral and Spiral circle strategies were chosen for the finishing strategies. The evaluation of surface topography and surface roughness was carried out at three different sample heights with respect to the tool contact with the machined surface. The results showed changes in the toolpaths due to the variation of the effective diameter of the tool cutter to the machined surface as well as the choice of strategy. To produce specimens with corresponding shapes in terms of topography, the Constant Z strategy was the most suitable, in which uniform toolpaths were obtained over the whole height of the sample.
New Waste Management Options Created by iMAGINE through Direct Operation on SNF Feed
Authors: Merk Bruno Rudi , Detkina Anna , Noori-kalkhoran Omid , Jain Lakshay , Litskevich Dzianis , Cartland-Glover Greg
Published: July 2023

The demand for improving the nuclear waste management has since long been identified as one of the major hurdles for widespread use of nuclear energy. Nuclear waste management, through partitioning and transmutation (P&T) has been researched since the 1990ies with partitioning being a pre-requisite for the process. Recently, an innovative approach of reactors directly operating on spent nuclear fuel, iMAGINE, has been proposed which could deliver on the aims of P&T as a side effect to more efficient nuclear energy production in the future. The results shown here confirm that it is possible to achieve the aims of P&T without prior partitioning, but it is certainly less efficient since the high concentration of MAs, required for efficient burning, are impossible to obtain in a short operational time. The proposed nuclear waste management approach will be a long-term effort when it is accomplished without partitioning/separation technologies. However, none of the analyses contradicts this effort – the key points are a) when the technology for treating the waste is possible and reliable, the time horizon will not be a major concern b) the waste management is now intrinsically linked with energy production instead of requiring dedicated costly facilities, delivering a promising economic basis c) the waste management is now associated with long-term energy production and massively improved resource utilization. In summary, the objectives of P&T are achievable without prior partitioning – this is a ground-breaking result. However, the approach will require continued nuclear energy production for a very long time. In case of a nuclear phase-out decision, a much more efficient transmutation scenario would have to be envisaged as already discussed several years ago for Germany.
Beneficial Effects of Limosilactobacillus Reuteri PBS072 and Bifidobacterium breve BB077 on Mood Imbalance, Self-Confidence, and Breastfeeding in Women during the First Trimester Post-partum
Authors: Vicariotto Franco , Malfa Patrizia , Torricelli Michela , Lungaro Lisa , Caio Giacomo , De Leo Vincenzo
Published: July 2023

Background: Post-delivery period could be characterized by psychological distress (e.g., anxiety, sadness, and irritability), leading to post-partum depression (PPD). Objective: The present clinical study assess the effect of probiotic supplementation containing Limosilactobacillus reuteri PBS072 and Bifidobacterium breve BB077 (4x109 CFU/day) on mother’s mood and breastfeeding quality during the first trimester after delivery. Methods: A Randomized Double Blind Controlled (RDBPC) trial has been carried out in 200 healthy new mothers divided into an active group taking a supplement containing Limosilactobacillus reuteri PBS072 and Bifidobacterium breve BB077 (4x109 CFU/day) plus multivitamins, and a control group (multivitamin complex only) for 90 days. Symptoms related to maternal depression and breastfeeding quality were evaluated at days 45 and 90 by Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) and Breastfeeding Self-Efficacy Scale Short-Form (BSES-SF). Results: At days 45 and 90, probiotic treatment significantly ameliorated the mothers’ mood compared to the control treatment (p<0.001). Likewise, breastfeeding quality and baby’s cries significantly improved in the probiotic group (p<0.001). Conclusions: Microbiota alterations could influence post-delivery woman’s mental state. According to our results, L. reuteri PBS072 and B. breve BB077 are potential candidates able to improve stress resilience in the post-partum period.
Association Between Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drug Use and Major Cardiovascular Outcomes in Patients with Acute Coronary Syndrome in the Arabian Gulf
Authors: Al-Zakwani Ibrahim , Al-Maqbali Juhaina Salim , Almahmeed Wael , AlRawahi Najib , Al-Asmi Abdullah , Zubaid Mohammad
Published: July 2023

Objectives: Studies on the association between non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) in the Arabian Gulf are scarce. The aim of this study was to evaluate the association between NSAIDs use and MACE in acute coronary syndrome (ACS) patients in the Arabian Gulf region. Methods: Data was analyzed from 3,007 consecutive patients diagnosed with ACS admitted to 29 hospitals in four Arabian Gulf countries from January 2012 to January 2013 as well as being on prior NSAIDs use during the index admission. MACE included stroke/transient ischemic attacks (TIAs), myocardial infarction (MI), all-cause mortality and readmissions for cardiac reasons. Results: The overall mean age of the cohort was 62 ± 12 years and 9.6% (n = 290) of the patients were on prior NSAID use during the index admission. At 12-months follow-up, after adjusting for confounding factors, those on NSAIDs were significantly more likely to have had MACE (adjusted OR (aOR), 1.89; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.44-2.48; p < 0.001). Specifically, the higher event rates observed were stroke/TIA (aOR, 2.50; 95% CI: 1.51-4.14; p < 0.001) and readmissions for cardiac reasons (aOR, 2.09; 95% CI: 1.59-2.74; p < 0.001) but not MI (aOR, 1.26; 95% CI: 0.80-1.99; p = 0.320) and all-cause mortality (aOR, 0.79; 95% CI: 0.46-1.34; p = 0.383). Conclusions: NSAIDs use was associated with significant stroke/TIA events as well as readmissions for cardiac reasons. However, NSAIDs were not associated with increased MI or all-cause mortality rates in ACS patients in the Arabian Gulf.
Kernel Geometric Mean Metric Learning
Authors: Zhou Yu , Feng Zixin , Yun Teligeng , Zheng Ruirui , He Jianjun
Published: July 2023

This paper propose a kernel geometric mean metric learning (KGMML) algorithm. The basic idea is to obtain the closed-form solution of the geometric mean metric learning (GMML) algorithm in the high-dimensional feature space determined by the kernel function. Then, the solution is generalized as a form of kernel matrix by using the integral representation of the weighted geometric mean and the Woodbury matrix in this new feature space. Experimental results on 15 datasets show that the proposed algorithm can effectively improve the accuracy of the GMML algorithm and other metric algorithms.
Prospective Areas of Digital Economy: An Empirical Study in Bangladesh
Authors: Bhuiyan Mohammad Rakibul Islam , Uddin Dr. K. M. Salah , Milon Md Noor Uddin
Published: July 2023

This study aims to determine the present and future scopes of the digital economy in Bangladesh to build a developed and prosperous country by 2041. Simultaneously, it analyses the components of the Digital Economy from numerous perspectives from contributing to Bangladeshi economy with an adaptation of the 4th Industrial Revolution and emerging technologies. In the methodology section, qualitative approach is conducted to determine the research objectives where secondary data is used. Around 100 papers are collected and 51 articles are used for conducting this study. The findings of the study are to present the current state of the digital economy which is developing trends that contribute to national GDP for the adaptation of the 4IR for the transformation of smart Bangladesh. From the conceptual implication, companies and individuals are aware of the digital economy, which would lessen digital divide and create a strong link between technology and the economy. Furthermore, establishing customer confidence and trust would be a big issue for Bangladesh's digital platform economy in the future days. From a practical standpoint, IT industries and commercial organizations would have to deal with emerging 4IR and its technologies. The job market would also be expanded in a variety of areas, which would ultimately benefit the national economy. According to the study's conclusions, the digital economy is predicted to expand its commercial and corporate opportunities. Future research might be extended based on qualitative approach towards a digital Bangladesh and create a better developing economy.
Dynamics of Physicochemical Properties, Flavor, and Microbial Communities of Salt-Free Bamboo Shoots during Natural Fermentation: Correlation between Microorganisms and Metabolites
Authors: Xu Xiaofeng , Long Zhijian , Du Wanning , Chen Qiyang , Zhang Yu , Hu Shanglian
Published: July 2023

Fermented bamboo shoots are a distinctive ingredient in Southern cuisine. In this study, headspace solid-phase microextraction (HS-SPME) combined with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), and 16S rRNA high-throughput sequencing technology (HTS) were employed to investigate the relationship among physicochemical properties, characteristic volatile compounds, and core microbial communities. The results show that the chewiness, fracturability, hardness, and pH decreased, while total acidity increased during 60d-fermentation. The contents of reducing sugar and nitrite reached the peak on the 14th day of fermentation and then decreased. A total of 80 volatile compounds were detected during sour bamboo shoot fermentation, with 2,4-Di-tert-butylphenol having the highest concentration. Among them, 12 volatile compounds (VIP ≥ 1) were identified as characteristic aroma substances of sour bamboo shoots. The dominant bacterial phyla in sour bamboo shoots were Firmicutes and Proteobacteria, while Bacillus and Acinetobacter were the dominant genus. Correlation analysis showed that Firmicutes positive correlation with 3,6-Nonadien-1-ol, (E,Z)-, Oxalic acid, isobutyl hexyl ester ,(-)-O-Acetylmalic anhydride, TA Bacillus was negative correlation with Silanediol, dimethyl-, and Oxime-, methoxy-phenyl-. This study provides a theoretical basis for screening flavor-enhancing microorganisms as fermentation agents in sour bamboo shoots, which can contribute to the improvement of their quality.
Economic Evaluation of Glucosamine in Knee Osteoarthritis Treatments in Vietnam
Authors: Vo Nam Xuan , Che Uyen Thi Thuc , Ngo Thanh Thi Thanh , Bui Tien Thuy
Published: July 2023

Osteoarthritis (OA) is the degeneration of cartilage in joints that results in bones rubbing against each other, it causes uncomfortable symptoms such as pain, swelling, stiffness, and can lead to disability. It usually occurs in the elderly and causes a large medical burden. The aim of this study is to evaluate cost-effectiveness between the standard treatment for osteoarthritis and the standard treatment with added crystalline glucosamine sulfate at various stages. The Markov analysis modelling was applied to evaluate the effect of both adding glucosamine compared to standard treatment from a societal perspective during whole patients’ lifetimes. Data input was collected by review in previous studies. The outcome was measured in quality-adjusted life years (QALYs), and the incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER) from a societal perspective was ap-plied with 3%-discounted for all cost and outcome. One-way analysis via Tornado diagram was performed to investigate the change of factors in model. In general, the adding glucosamine into the standard treatment proved to be more cost-effectiveness compared to the standard treatment. Particularly, early stage adding glucosamine in the treatment was cost-effectiveness then post-stage adding glucosamine. The addition of supplementing crystalline glucosamine sulfate to whole regimen at any stage was cost-effectiveness at willingness-to-pay (WTP) threshold
Dispelling the Limitations of Education 5.0 and Outlining the Vision of Education 6.0
Authors: Moleka Pitshou
Published: July 2023

As education continues to evolve in response to technological advancements, the concept of Education 5.0 has gained prominence. However, it is crucial to critically analyze the limitations and challenges of this model. This article presents a comprehensive examination of Education 5.0, identifies its drawbacks, and proposes a vision for Education 6.0. Through insightful case studies and discussions, this article aims to provide a nuanced perspective on the future of education.
Epidemiological Trends in Cardiovascular Disease Mortality Attributable to Modifiable Risk Factors and Its Association with Sociodemographic Transition across BRICS-Plus
Authors: --- Nawsherwan , Mubarik Sumaira , Bin Wang , Le Zhang , Sang Mangmang , Lin Yijun , Zheng Jinrong , Wang Yan
Published: July 2023

BRICS-Plus (Brazil, Russia, India, China, South Africa, and 30 other countries) is a group of 35 countries with emerging economies making up more than half of the world’s population. We explored epidemiological trends of cardiovascular disease (CVD) mortality attributable to modifiable risk factors and its association with period and birth cohort effects and sociodemographic index (SDI) across BRICS-Plus by using joinpoint regression and age-period-cohort (APC) modeling from 1990 to 2019. Between 1990 and 2019, the all-ages CVD deaths increased by 85.2% (6.1 million to 11.3 million) across BRICS-Plus. The CVD ASMR attributable to dietary risks and smoking significantly decreased across BRIC-Plus countries, with some exceptions. However, four-fifth of BRIC-Plus countries observed a remarkable increasing trend of high body mass-index (BMI)-related CVD deaths in particular among younger adults (25-49 years). Early birth cohorts and individuals aged greater than 50 years showed a higher risk of CVD mortality. Both China-ASEAN FTA and Mercosur regions stand out for their successful sociodemographic transition, with a significant reduction in CVD mortality over the study period. Singapore and Brazil achieved great progress in CVD mortality reduction and the other BRICS-Plus countries should follow their lead in adopting public health policies and initiatives into practice.
Sensorial and Nutritional Properties of Collagen Fortified Snack Bar Designed for Elderly
Authors: Hastaoğlu Fatma , Hastaoğlu Emre , Bağlam Nurcan , Taş İrem Nur
Published: July 2023

Background: This study aimed to develop a highly consumable collagen-containing bar that contributes to enriching the diets of elderly individuals in terms of energy and nutrients.
Method: For this purpose, after the development of 5 different bar samples (C, P1, P2, D1, D2) containing different amounts of collagen, date puree, and pumpkin puree, they were evaluated in terms of sensory and nutritional properties.
Results: The highest flavor score bars were those with high levels of pumpkin puree (P2) and date puree (D2). By applying the TOPSIS technique, which is used when there are multiple crite-ria among multiple samples, to the snack bar samples with different contents, the most liked sample was found to be the snack bar (D2) with a high level of date puree. One serving of the developed bars contains approximately 300-400 kcal of energy and 6.8-8.8 g of protein. Consid-ering age-related decreased appetite and chewing and swallowing problems in elderly individ-uals, regular consumption of nutrient-rich small meals or snacks with enhanced sensory charac-teristics will contribute to improving their nutritional and functional status.
A perspectiva decolonial dos saberes e práticas escolares: a experiência do Pibid no Subprojeto/História da UENP (Jacarezinho-PR)
Authors: Kantovitz Geane , Souza Gabriely Cristine de , Ferreira Andressa
Published: July 2023

O artigo apresenta uma experiência didática no Ensino Fundamental Final desenvolvida no Programa Institucional de Bolsas de Iniciação à Docência (PIBID), Subprojeto História, da Universidade Estadual do Norte do Paraná. A perspectiva decolonial, sob o aspecto da positivação da produção dos saberes e das práticas escolares, foi o percurso teórico que abordou a história de luta e resistência da população negra na história do Brasil. Como resultado, os estudantes do Ensino Fundamental compreenderam o povo negro como agente histórico e ativo, conferindo-lhe protagonismo no âmbito da aprendizagem histórica. Desse modo, contribuiu-se na construção e no reconhecimento identitário de alunos negros, atribuindo-lhes um sentimento de pertencimento, assim como promoveu-se um debate sobre o racismo estrutural e as práticas de violência ainda reproduzidas pela escola.
Treatment Efficacy of Various Maneuvers for Lateral Canal Benign Paroxysmal Positional Vertigo With Apogeotropic Nystagmus: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Lee Hyun Jin , Jeon Eun-Ju , Nam Sungil , Mun Seog-Kyun , Yoo Shin-Young , Bu Seong Hyun , Choi Jin Woong , Chung Jae Ho , Hong Seok Min , Lee Seung-Hwan , Kim Min-Beom , Koo Ja-Won , Kim Hyun Ji , Seo Jae-Hyun , Ahn Seong-Ki , Park Shi Nae , Kim Minbum , Chung Won-Ho
Published: July 2023

Objectives The aim of this study was to determine the most effective treatment approach by comparing the impacts of various otolith reduction techniques in patients with apogeotropic lateral semicircular canal benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (LC-BPPV).Methods We performed a multicenter randomized prospective study from January to December 2015, involving 72 consecutive patients with apogeotropic LC-BPPV. The patients were divided into three treatment groups: therapeutic head-shaking (group A), the Gufoni-Appiani maneuver (group B), and the cupulolith repositioning maneuver (CuRM; group C). Each group underwent evaluation and treatment up to the fourth week. Treatment success was defined as the disappearance of positional vertigo and nystagmus.Results This study included 72 patients (49 male and 23 female), with a mean (±standard deviation) age of 55.4±13.5 years. The mean duration of vertigo experienced prior to treatment was 3.9±4.4 days. The mean latency and duration of nystagmus were 2.7±3.0 seconds and 47.9±15.8 seconds, respectively. The overall treatment frequency was 2.0±0.9. The number of treatments differed significantly among the three groups (P<0.05). After 4 weeks, the success rates for groups A, B, and C were 90.5%, 92.3%, and 100%, respectively. No significant difference was observed in the success rate across treatment methods and periods (P>0.05). However, CuRM was the only method with a 100% treatment success rate.Conclusion While no clear difference was observed among the three treatments for LC-BPPV, CuRM was found to be superior to the other approaches in the long term.
Development of PPKN based learning modules blended learning on material diversity ethnic group nation and culture
Authors: Anwar Moh.  Farid Nurul , Widodo Wahyu , Rozhana Kardiana Metha , Lestari Veneranda Dian
Published: July 2023

The purpose of developing this module is to determine the validity and effectiveness of the module implemented in class IV. This research and development refers to the Borg & Gall model. This learning module goes through a validation process, namely validation by material experts, linguists and design experts. From the results of the last validation, the scores were obtained from material experts 90.5%, linguists 76% and design experts 78.3%. The scores obtained from the teacher and student response questionnaires were 96.6% each. 82.5% and 96.45%. The average value of the small group product trial was 72 and in the large group product trial was 93.5, achieved 100% completeness. Based on the analysis of the data from the results of the data research, it can be concluded that the PPKn learning module based on Blended Learning on ethnic and cultural diversity material is stated to be valid and effective in use.
Application of the Problem Based Learning (PBL) learning model to improve learning outcomes and reading skills in Indonesian class 1 subject at SDN 02 Girimoyo
Authors: Nadela Susdiawanti Nadela Susdiawanti , Mujianto Gigit , Yudiantoro Kholiq
Published: July 2023

The purpose of this study was to improve learning outcomes and reading skills through the PBL learning model for grade 1 students at SDN 02 Girimoyo. The research method used is PTK (Classroom Action Research) based on Lesson Study using 2 research cycles. Each cycle consists of plan, do, see. The research subjects were all 30 students in class 1-A at SDN 02 Girimoyo (13 girls and 17 boys). The results of the study explain that the average percentage of cycle 1 is 73.96%, the classical learning completeness is 43.33% and there is an increase in learning outcomes and reading skills in cycle II with an average percentage of 85% and the classical learning mastery is 86.67%. From these results, it can be concluded that the application of the PBL learning model.
RETRACTED: c-Myc confers vulnerability of colorectal cancer to ferroptosis through interacting with Nrf2
Authors: Wu Dejun , Feng Baijie , Su Wei , Xiong Wujun , Xu Ming , Xu Anjun , Fu Baiqing , Li Yuqin
Published: July 2023

The authors have requested that this preprint be removed from Research Square.
Plant enzyme based biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles and Assessment of their antimicrobial properties
Authors: Das Manoja , Acharya Diptikanta , Satapathy Sagarika
Published: July 2023

Enzyme is a biological substance that acts as a catalyst in cellular metabolism without itself being altered in the reaction process. Enzyme α-amylase was extracted from germinated green gram (mungo bean, Vigna radiata) using 0.1 M acetate buffer and had been confirmed by the spectrophotometric method. The silver nitrate (AgNO3) solution of concentration of 100 mM was mixed with the enzyme in the ratio of 2:1 and kept at room temperature (280 C) for the period of 24 h to facilitate the bioconversion process. The colour of the mixture aliquot was colourless and after incubation it was transformed to brown colour solution. The optimum transformation period was found at 5 ½ h. The synthesized silver nanoparticles were characterized by instrumental analysis like UV – Vis spectrophotometer, Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The stability of synthesised nanoforms were ascertained by Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopic study. The synthesized particles have been showed the absorption maxima (ʎmax) at 445 nm. A Photograph of TEM showed that the synthesized nanoparticles were spherical in shape and the average size was recorded as 36 nm. XRD analysis of the particles indicated that the particles were more or less homogenous in structure. The mixture of silver nitrate (AgNO3) and enzyme in the ratio of 2:1 manufactured a high number and stabilized the form of the nano metal and therefore the same blend solution was accustomed in future experiments. The aqueous solution having little alkaline (pH 8.3) favours maximum synthesis of nanoparticles. During the conversion process, the silver ion (Ag +) present in aqueous solution is transformed into a silver nano structure (nano Ag0). The prepared silver nanoparticles possess antimicrobial activity against three studied microorganisms such as Escherichia coli, Micrococcus luteus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The investigation concludes that the α-amylase enzyme present in the germinating green gram seed has potency for bioconversion of silver nitrate to silver nanoforms and the synthesized nanoparticles have antagonist efficaciousness against all studied microorganisms. It also threw light on the therapeutic prospectus of silver nanoparticles.
Potential risk assessment of the large hydropower station dumpsite using numerical simulation: A case study in Shanxi Province, China
Authors: Li Dong-dong , Liu Han-dong , Wang Zhong-fu , Chen Feng-lan , Li Xiao-chao
Published: July 2023

Engineering construction (such as water conservancy project, road engineering, and so on) in mountain areas bring mass of waste soil and rock fragment, whose stability is critical to the ecological environment and the safe operation of engineering facilities. The biggest waste dump of the Pumped Storage Power Station Project in Hunyuan County, Shanxi Province, China, with a volume of 7 million m³ and a maximum height of 240 m, is to be located at the origin of Mahua Valley. To assess the potential risk of the waste dump, reconnaissance, geomorphological analysis was undertaken to provide basic data. The potential failure area and volume was determined utilizing Flac3D depending on strength reduction method. The kinematic process after failure was presented by Particle flow code. The results showed that the factor of safety of the waste dump under heavy precipitation was 1.15, less than the stability requirement of slope in hydropower station, and the potential failure volume was about 4.8 million m³. Our simulation results clearly display scenario-based debris mass run-out paths and indicate that, considering the worst cases scenario, the ground ventilation platform and ventilation tunnel exit on the right bank of the gully might be destroyed rapidly by landslide debris. Besides, the debris flow would accumulate at the gully mouth, and even run into the lower reservoir. These results are useful information for decision support and future hazard assessment of such engineering project.
Diatom and macroinvertebrate communities dynamic: a co-occurrence pattern analysis on plastic substrates
Authors: Taurozzi Davide , Cesarini Giulia , Scalici Massimiliano
Published: July 2023

Wetlands are habitats that provide numerous ecosystem services, but are often understudied and threatened by anthropogenic pollution, particularly plastic pollution. Macroplastics are a significant component of plastic litter that have high biological impacts but are often understudied. Previous studies have highlighted negative impacts on biota, but there is a lack of information about the communities of micro and macro organisms that settle on macroplastic litter. In this context, we investigated the colonization patterns and community structures of diatoms and macroinvertebrates on virgin substrates composed of two different plastic polymers, polystyrene and polyethylene (PET), located at two different depths in a protected wetland in Central Italy over a period of 10 months. The results show that diatom community is not highly structured by competitive forces and aggregation patterns emerges. In contrast, macroinvertebrate community appears to be randomly structured, without the presence of patterns following specific assembly rules. Randomness in macroinvertebrates assemblages could highlight the presence of different niches available for settlement of different taxa. Combined matrix analyses show that diatoms and macroinvertebrates co-occur, and their community assemblages are sometimes structured, while they appeared to be randomly assembled at other times. Whenever non-randomness of diatoms and macroinvertebrates co-occurrences was detected, it suggested aggregation. Moreover, the possible predatory relationship between different macroinvertebrates taxa should be investigated, as it could reveal important scenarios in the establishment of macroinvertebrate structured communities on plastic litter, including taxa that exploit different ecological niches. This could lead to an enrichment of the biological community within areas impacted by plastics.
Insulin Resistance in Multiple Organs and Systems
Authors: Andrade Luís Jesuino de Oliveira , de Oliveira Gabriela Correia Matos , Bittencourt Alcina Maria Vinhaes , de Oliveira Luís Matos
Published: July 2023

Insulin resistance (IR) is a biological response to insulin stimulation in target tissues. IR alters glucose metabolism, resulting in increased insulin production by beta-cells. The primary condition associated with IR is obesity, which is often caused by environmental factors, particularly diet.Objective: To describe IR in various organs and present a signaling pathway project.Methods: The PubMed database was used to search for IR review publications. The referenced data for the signaling pathway were selected by aggregating references from the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) database. A signaling pathway was designed based on IR research manuscripts, which show various mechanisms involved. The KEGG server was used to explore protein-protein interactions and create a signaling pathway diagram. The signaling path was mapped using PathVisio software, adapted to the model of the KEGG PATHWAY Database: https://www.genome.jp/pathway/map04930.Results: Articles featuring the terms “insulin resistance” and “signaling pathway” were selected from the PubMed database. Based on validated research articles, well-founded pathways were chosen and a representative description of these pathways was achieved. Reproduction contigs from the KEGG database projected the signaling pathway of biomolecules leading to IR. Thus, the interaction between multiple mechanisms releases factors that contribute to the development of IR.Conclusion: The interaction between multiple mechanisms and molecular interactions are important factors in the development of IR in various organs and systems.
A Study on Changes in Accessibility to Sports Facilities by City Type: Focused on the National Sports Survey(2013, 2019)
Authors:   Korea Urban & Real Estate Association, Yeo Kyoungah , Ko Jinsoo
Published: July 2023

This study analyzed changes in access to sports facilities before and after implementation of the long-term planning for the balanced arrangement of public sports facilities in order to derive implications for the efficient supply of sports facilities for the expansion of sports facilities infrastructure. As a result of the analysis of changes in access to sports facilities by city type, the effectiveness of the long-term planning for balancing public sports facilities with the goal of increasing the walking use rate of public sports facilities in all city types and improving access to sports facilities centered on residential areas within the target required time was proven. However, considering the standard deviation, it was confirmed that service blind spots still exist, so it is necessary to prepare countermeasures for this.
Optimizing Floquet engineering for non-equilibrium steady states with gradient-based methods
Authors: Castro Alberto , Sato Shunsuke
Published: July 2023

Non-equilibrium steady states are created when a periodically driven quantum system is also incoherently interacting with an environment - as it is the case in most realistic situations. The notion of Floquet engineering refers to the manipulation of the properties of systems under periodic perturbations. Although it more frequently refers to the coherent states of isolated systems (or to the transient phase for states that are weakly coupled to the environment), it may sometimes be of more interest to consider the final steady states that are reached after decoherence and dissipation take place. In this work, we demonstrate how those final states can be optimally tuned with respect to a given predefined metric, such as for example the maximization of the temporal average value of some observable, by using multicolor periodic perturbations. We show a computational framework that can be used for that purpose, and exemplify the concept using a simple model for the nitrogen-vacancy center in diamond: the goal in this case is to find the driving periodic magnetic field that maximizes a time-averaged spin component. We show that, for example, this technique permits to prepare states whose spin values are forbidden in thermal equilibrium at any temperature.