bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
DYNAMICS OF BODY MASS INDEX OF CHILDREN 5-7 YEARS OLD
Authors: Traykova Tsveta
Published: March 2021

The aim of our investigation was to establish the dynamics of Body Mass index (BMI) of preschool children as a result of an enriched physical activity program. 208 children were included in the investigation.
Methods used: Theoretical analysis of literature, pedagogical experiment, anthropometry, statistical methods
Results: Children with BMI in normal levels have the highest percentage, which range from 56.2 to 72.4% for 5-year-old boys, from 70.6 to 81.8% for the girls of the same age, from 65.8 to 84.3% for the boys 6 years old and from 57.2 to 65.4% for the girls of the same age. A high percentage of the overweight and obese children in all groups was also found. The 6-year-old girls from the experimental group have the highest BMI values – 38.5%, followed by the 5-year old boys from the control group. Another negative trend in our study was that there are some underweight children from the three degrees as the values ranged from 10.8% for the 6-year-old girls (control group) up to 27.5% for the 5 year old boys from the experimental group.
In conclusion, we would like to underline that overweight and obesity are an important medical and social problem escalating the last years. However, we should have in mind the other extreme trend – the existence of underweight children – II and especially III degree, so our efforts should be to directed towards regulating the body weight in two directions – both reduction or increasing in dependence of any individual case.
STATE AND DYNAMICS OF THE STRENGTH ABILITIES OF PRESCHOOL CHILDREN
Authors: Traykova Tsveta
Published: March 2021

The period of pre-school age is characterized by an intensive growth and development of the human organism. In that connection, we set the aim of our study: to investigate the development of the strength abilities of children from a preparatory group for school (5-7 years old) as a result of the application of physical culture enriched educational program (for the period of one school year). The investigated subjects were 208 children from two kindergartens and one school in the city of Sofia. The following methods were used: Theoretical analysis, pedagogical experiment, pedagogical testing, and statistical methods. The following motor fitness tests were used: hand grip (left and right hand), standing broad jump, throwing 1 kg medicine ball with two hands above head, throwing 1 kg medicine ball with two hands underneath, throwing a small dense ball as far as possible, and maximum number of squats for 20 sec. From the results obtained, it was found that the greatest increase in strength abilities was found in the children of the experimental test groups as follows: ‘Throwing a small dense ball’, ‘left hand grip’, ‘throwing 1 kg medicine ball with two hands above head’. Results: As a result of the training methodology applied, an increase in the strength abilities of the children of both sexes was established.
Structure, mechanical properties and degradation behavior of electrospun PEEU fiber meshes and films
Authors: Tung Wing Tai , Sun Xianlei , Wang Weiwei , Xu Xun , Ma Nan , Lendlein Andreas
Published: March 2021

The capability of a degradable implant to provide mechanical support depends on its degradation behavior. Hydrolytic degradation was studied for a polyesteretherurethane (PEEU70), which consists of poly(p-dioxanone) (PPDO) and poly(ε-caprolactone) (PCL) segments with a weight ratio of 70:30 linked by diurethane junction units. PEEU70 samples prepared in the form of meshes with average fiber diameters of 1.5 µm (mesh1.5) and 1.2 µm (mesh1.2), and films were sterilized and incubated in PBS at 37 °C with 5 vol% CO2 supply for 1 to 6 weeks. Degradation features, such as cracks or wrinkles, became apparent from week 4 for all samples. Mass loss was found to be 11 wt%, 6 wt%, and 4 wt% for mesh1.2, mesh1.5, and films at week 6. The elongation at break decreased to under 20% in two weeks for mesh1.2. In case of the other two samples, this level of degradation was achieved after 4 weeks. The weight average molecular weight of both PEEU70 mesh and film samples decreased to below 30 kg/mol when elongation at break dropped below 20%. The time period of sustained mechanical stability of PEEU70-based meshes depends on the fiber diameter and molecular weight.

Graphic abstract
Structures of Stability
Authors: Patterson Jeff
Published: March 2021

Drawing upon ethnographic work with a Wiccan coven, I propose an extension of Donald Black’s theoretical work to the study of conflict within small religious groups. The incidence and resolution of conflict is taken as a key predictor of longevity for small religious groups due to their heavy reliance on a committed membership. Through the micro-structural lens provided by Blackian theory, I advance a partial explanation for the marked longevity of the coven studied, which has functioned continuously for nearly twenty years. Black explains conflicts occurring due to changes in social structure, with more sudden or dramatic changes engendering greater conflict; the likely resolution to conflicts are in terms predicted by the theory on the basis of the local structural pattern of the parties to the conflict, including third parties. Both the oral history of the group and observations of the researcher over a six-month period of field study are considered in the application of Blackian theory, though the nature of an ethnographic case necessitates further testing of Black’s theoretical work, which is tentatively discussed.
Tim Whitmarsh, Battling the Gods: Atheism in the Ancient World
Authors: Simms Norman
Published: March 2021

Tim Whitmarsh, Battling the Gods: Atheism in the Ancient World (New York : Alfred A. Knopf, 2015), x + 292 pp., US $16.95 (paper).
A EDUCAÇÃO PROFISSIONAL E TECNOLÓGICA NO BRASIL: UM ESTUDO ATRAVÉS DA PERSPECTIVA FOUCAULTIANA
Authors: Fuini Lucas Labigalini
Published: March 2021

Este artigo tem por objetivo investigar a dinâmica de funcionamento da Rede Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia através de algumas das categorias centrais do pensamento do filósofo francês Michel Foucault, sobretudo no que tange ao seu interesse pelas instituições de controle e a relação poder-saber construída a partir do período moderno (séculos XVII-XIX), com destaque nas obras associadas à abordagem da genealogia do poder. Pretendemos, com este estudo, utilizar do repertório foucaultiano para esclarecer, do ponto de vista epistêmico, o sentido educativo dos Institutos Federais como instituições sociais inseridas no bojo da sociedade moderna burocrática pautada em dispositivos disciplinares, ao mesmo tempo em que se consolida a ideia de uma aparente liberdade individual condizente com uma sociedade de segurança contemporânea com controles pulverizados e difundidos ao nível da biopolítica
Bowman-Birk inhibitor in soybean: Genetic variability in relation to total trypsin inhibitor activity and elimination of Kunitz trypsin inhibitor
Authors: MITTAL Priyanka , KUMAR Vineet , RANI Anita , GOKHALE S. M.
Published: March 2021

Bowman-Birk inhibitor (BBI) is a soybean seed serine protease inhibitor whose nutraceutical properties far exceed its anti-nutritional property arising from its trypsin and chymotrypsin inhibitor activity. High BBI soybean genotypes are sought for the commercial preparation of this nutraceutical biomolecule while low BBI content in Kunitz trypsin inhibitor (KTI)-free genetic background is desirable in soymeal manufacturing. In the present investigation, monoclonal antibody assay of 95 soybean genotypes revealed 11-fold genetic variation for BBI concentration. The study led to the identification of 3 very high (>20 mg/g defatted soy flour) and 5 very low BBI (< 4 mg/g defatted soy flour) soybean genotypes. Contribution of BBI to total trypsin inhibition activity ranged from 2.2 to 53.5% with average value of 11.6%. Genotypes with varying level of BBI raised consecutively for two years exhibited non-significant (p>0.05) effect of growing year on the trait. BBI content in BC3F2 derived KTI-free lines was at par with the recurrent parent. Low and high BBI content genotypes with diverse genetic background identified in the study may be exploited to develop mapping population to identify genomic regions underlying BBI in soybean.
Aqueous seed extracts of Jimson weed (Datura stramonium L.) stimulate morpho-agronomic attributes in selected soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] varieties
Authors: DAUDU Yusuf O. A. , FALUSI Olamide A. , ABUBAKAR Abdulhakeem , SALIHU Ibrahim A. , OTARU Shaibu O. , UMAR Muflihah A.
Published: March 2021

Datura stramonium (L.) contains allelochemicals capable of affecting agro-morphological traits in plants. Thus, field experiment was carried out at Upper Niger River Basin Development Authority, Minna, Nigeria to examine the effects of different concentrations [25%, 50% and 100% and 0% (control)] of D. stramonium aqueous seed extracts on agro-morphological attributes of two soybean varieties (‘TG x 2018-5E’ and ‘TG x 2022-4E’), obtained from International Institute of Tropical Agriculture, Ibadan. Dry seeds of the soybean were pre-soaked in the Datura seed extracts for two hours before planting in a complete randomized block design (CRBD) with three replicates each. Data obtained were subjected to analysis of variance (ANOVA). At maturity, D. stramonium seed extracts significantly (P ≤ 0.05) increased plant height (38.37 cm) and length of petiole (2.93 cm) for ‘TG x 2018-5E’ at 100% concentration. Significantly highest plant height (29.20 cm) and number of branches (17.00) were enhanced in ‘TG x 2022-4E’ at 50% concentration. Both ‘TG x 2018-5E’ and ‘TG x 2022-4E’ leaf areas were significantly highest (23.11 cm2 and 28.41 cm2, respectively) at 100% concentration. Yield attributes such as number of seeds per plant, weight of fresh and dry pods per plant for both ‘TG x 2018-5E’ (3.33, 1.60 and 1.32, respectively) and ‘TG x 2022-4E’ (3.00, 0.60 and 0.26, respectively) were significantly stimulated in 50% concentration while number of pods per plant was significantly highest for ‘TG x 2018-5E’ and ‘TG x 2022- 4E’ (3.33 and 3.00, respectively) in 100% concentration. On these premises higher concentrations (50% and 100%) of D. stramonium seed extracts support better morphological growth and yield characters in soybean varieties.
Physiological response of maize under different fertilization management under drought condition
Authors: COSTA Tayron R. S. , BORBA Matheus A. , COSTA José E. , SOUSA Valéria F. O. , ALBUQUERQUE Manoel B. , MIELEZRSKI Fábio
Published: March 2021

This work was aimed to evaluate the development of maize cultivated under different fertilization management, in order to establish an alternative for mineral fertilization. The experiment was carried out in the experimental area of Chã de Jardim, in Areia, Paraíba, Brazil. Six treatments were used with four replications. Plant height, stalk diameter, leaf number, chlorophyll a, b and total, photosynthetic rate, transpiration, stomatal conductance and internal CO2 concentration in the leaf were evaluated. In the 30 days after emergence, superiority of treatments was observed in the plants under chemical fertilization for plant height and number of leaves. For diameter of stalk the treatment organic fertilization + P and K showed superiority. At 60 days after planting the chemical fertilization provided the highest averages for plant height and stalk diameter. For the photosynthetic rate, transpiration and internal CO2 concentration, the treatment that presented the highest average was observed in plants under organic fertilization combined with P and K and N added in top-dressing. For the chlorophyll, the chemical fertilization provided the highest values. Organic fertilization in association with mineral fertilizers provided results close to those observed in mineral fertilization, being an alternative for nutritional management in maize.
TRAVMAYA SEKONDER TÜP TORAKOSTOMİ/ TORAKOTOMİ UYGULANAN HASTALARDA EŞ ZAMANLI GÖRÜLEN KARIN YARALANMALARI VE YÖNETİMİ
Authors: KIRMIZI Serdar , AKIN Süleyman Emre
Published: March 2021

Amaç

Toraks abbreviated injury scale skoru 2 ve üzeri torakoabdominal

yaralanmalarda uygulanan tedavi yaklaşımı

ve sonuçlarını paylaşarak literatüre katkı sunmak.

Gereç ve Yöntem

Çalışma Ocak 2017-Aralık 2020 tarihleri arasında

Yozgat Şehir Hastanesi’nde retrospektif olarak gerçekleştirildi.

Travma sonrası tüp torakostomi veya

torakotomi yapılmış hastalar tespit edildi. Ardından

eş zamanlı karın organ yaralanması ve diyafragma

yaralanması olan 18 yaşından büyük hastalar belirlendi.

Hastaların demografik özellikleri, labaratuvar

değerleri, görüntüleme raporları, uygulanan tedavi

yöntemleri, perioperatif verileri hastane elektronik kayıtlı

hasta bilgilerinden elde edildi.

Bulgular

Toraks abbreviated injury scale skoru 2 ve üzeri

olan toplam 119 hastanın 23’ünde (% 19,3) torakoabdominal

yaralanma saptandı. Torakoabdominal yaralanmalarda

toraksa yönelik girişimlerin 19’unu (%

82,6) tüp torakostomi ve 4’ünü (% 17,4) torakotomi

oluşturuyordu. Başlangıçta tüp takılan hiçbir hastada

torakotomi endikasyonu oluşmadı ve tüp torakostomi

yeterli bir tedavi oldu. Tüm torakoabdominal travmaların

laparotomi oranı ise % 44,8 ’idi. Cerrahi tedavinin

anlamlı bir şekilde penetran yaralanmalarda daha

sık tercih edildiği görüldü. Dalak (% 35) ve karaciğer

(% 32,5) sırasıyla en sık yaralanan organlardı. Solid

organ yaralanmaları toplam yaralanan organların %

74,2’ini oluşturuyordu ve bunların % 76’sında konservatif

tedavi uygulandı. Diafragma ve içi boş organ yaralanmalarının

tamamında cerrahi tedavi yapıldı. Toplam

iki hastada (% 8,7) ölüm görüldü ve bu vakalar

torakotomi uygulanan hastalardı.

Sonuç

Torakoabdominal travmaların yönetimi travmanın

kaynağına, hastanenin donanımına ve cerrahın deneyimine

göre değişebilir. Penetran yaralanmalarda torakotomi

ve laparotomi oranları daha yüksektir. Künt

yaralanmalarda tüp torakostomi ve konservatif tedavi

genellikle yeterli olmaktadır ve ikinci basamak bir hizmet

hastanesinde de başarıyla uygulanabilir.
Bacterial Cellulose - Properties and Its Potential Application
Authors: Betlej Izabela , Zakaria Sarani , Krajewski Krzysztof J. , Boruszewski Piotr
Published: March 2021

This review paper is related to the utilization on bacterial cellulose in many applications. The polymer produced from bacterial cellulose possessed a very good physical and mechanical properties, such as high tensile strength, elasticity, absorbency. The polymer from bacterial cellulose has a significantly higher degree of polymerization and crystallinity compared to those derived from plant. The collection of selected literature review shown that bacterial cellulose produced are in the form pure cellulose and can be used in many of applications. These include application in various industries and sectors of the economy, from medicine to paper or electronic industry.
Attitude of patients and doctors of government health care system to the basic principles of medical ethics
Authors: Pukhova E. P. , Kutumova O. Yu. , Trufanov D. O.
Published: March 2021

Currently, researchers face with various situations related to the moral situation in healthcare. This article is based on the results of a sociological reasearch conducted by specialists of the Krasnoyarsk Regional Center for Health and Medical Prevention in 2015–2019.Given the relevance of this topic, researchers compare the opinions of modern doctors and patients to ethical principles. Purpose of the study. To study the attitude of modern doctors and patients of medical institutions to the classical norms of medical ethics. Materials and methods. For the selection of respondents was used the representative sample based on gender and age of respondents (for the selection of patients), and by specialty of a medical workers (for doctors). Information collected by survey. Descriptive statistics were used to interpret the results, statistically significant differences between the rates were determined by Fischer`s exact test. Results. The results indicate that there are statistically significant differences in the attitude of doctors and patients to some classic norms of medical ethics. In general, doctors often have an unambiguous opinion about the principles of bioethics; patients are more lenient about the principles of bioethics. However, sometimes patients are more categorical about some aspects of the principles of bioethics. In particular, these include the ambiguous opinions of doctors regarding the judgment that “if the doctor realizes that the patient has been harmed as a result of unlawful acts, he must report this to the internal affairs bodies”, as well as the opinions of doctors about the admissibility of accepting gifts from the patient. Conclusions. The classical principles of bioethics preserve functionality and form the necessary attitude of doctors and patients to the ethical foundations of the doctor’s professional activities. Nevertheless, some aspects of these relationships are partially dysfunctional and can become a source of negative behavior in the system of relations between a doctor and a patient.
Forecasting of Potato Late Blight Disease Using Alternative Sets of Meteorological Data and Disease Epidemiyology
Authors: GÜNAÇTI Hale , AY Tahsin
Published: March 2021

Phytophthora infestans (Mont) de Bary, the causal agent of late blight of potato is one of the most important plant pathogens. The disease can occur in a wide variety of weather conditions and can be very devastating if no controlled. To reduce yield losses, different protective measures are used, including fungicide treatment. Uncontrolled and numerous fungicide applications cause environmental pollution. Accordingly, crop protection strategies optimizing the number of treatments are of great interest. Prediction of potato late blight epidemics, was studied in two different locations of Adana. Meteorological data (hourly) were recorded by an iMETOS® automatic weather station installed in the field and were compared with regional station Winstel, Blite Cast and Ullrich Schrodter models. Three disease warning models were compared to forecast the development of potato late blight in Adana between 2013 and 2014 first time. In the Çukurova region, the Winstel model yielded more accurate results in predicting infection conditions compared to the other two models. Studies provided that, the conditions of potato late blight disease formation in the region were determined and the use of the Winstel early warning system in accordance with the regional conditions and biotechnical methods which will be alternative to chemical control were provided by the regional farmers.
Backgrounds of Computer-Aided Assessment of Morphological Structure in Polymer Drugs-Delivery Microcapsules
Authors: Kulikowski Juliusz
Published: March 2021

Microcapsules are widely used as one of the drug delivery means. The paper presents the backgrounds of a method of microcapsules size and shape assessment by computer-aided analysis of microscope images of microcapsules’ cross-sections. The method has been elaborated and is practically used to the microcapsules quality control at the Nalecz Institute of Biocybernetics and Biomedical Engineering PAS in Warsaw. Mathematical definitions of parameters describing the size, shape and inner structure of microcapsules are described in the paper. A general scheme of a computer-aided microcapsules quality assessment procedure is presented. Remarks about the limitations of the applicability of the described microcapsules assessment method are also given. On this basis, directions of future works aimed at improvement of the described microcapsules quality assessment method are suggested.
Analysis of drug-food interactions in inpatient treatment: A university hospital case
Authors: Kose Ilker , Gencyurek Gizem , Atan Zeynep , Elmas Beytiye
Published: March 2021

Patients' nutrition during inpatient treatment can reduce the pharmacodynamics of drugs. Therefore, monitoring of drug-nutrient interactions is essential for patient safety. Pharmaceutical Data Banks (PDB) databases provide information regarding potential drug-drug, drug-food, and drug-allergy interactions. When Clinical Decision Support Systems (CDSS) are integrated with PDBs, drug-drug and drug-allergy interactions can be prevented when physicians prescribe drugs and when pharmacists evaluate those prescriptions. However, nutrition planning is done by dieticians, and it is not common practice for dieticians to use CDSSs integrated with PDB to access patient prescription information. This study aims to measure drug-food interactions in hospitals where physicians and pharmacists use CDSSs integrated with PDBs. For the most part, dieticians plan patient diets according to the patient's primary disease (diabetes, etc.) and do not access prescription data. We cooperated with a university hospital in Turkey, accredited by HIMSS in 2017 at EMRAM Stage 6, to monitor hospitalized patients for at least one week in 2018. According to the findings, it was determined that 1,451 different drugs were administered 1,620,573 times to a total of 27,455 patients. It was determined that eight (0.55%) different drugs administered to 581 (2.1%) of the patients could interact with food and that these eight drugs were prescribed 8,089 times (0.49%) during the observation period. Although some drug-nutrient interactions were documented due to the study, the number of detected and documented interactions and their severity were relatively low. Precautions taken by dieticians, such as completely removing certain nutrients, like grapefruit, from the diet list, seem to be effective in preventing common interactions. To eliminate drug-nutrient interactions, it will be beneficial for dieticians to access patients' prescribing information and use the CDSS integrated with PDB.
The Role of Robotic Surgery in Benign Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery: A Systematic Review of the Literature.
Authors: Gillanders Sarah , Ravi Akshaya , Abdulrahman Shawkat
Published: March 2021

The role of robotic-assisted surgery has increased exponentially in many surgical specialities over recent years. However, common usage within otolaryngology still appears limited. We aim to explore the alternative uses for robot-assisted surgery in benign otolaryngology, head and neck pathologies. A systematic review of the literature was performed by searching electronic databases and references libraries. 2485 papers were identified through our search. 96 studies met our inclusion criteria. Our results are categorized and displayed in table format. There are multiple novel adaptations of robotic-assisted surgery being performed across the world in benign otolaryngology, head and neck pathologies. Exciting advances in technology and availability will expand this scope even further in the near future.
Multiple spontaneous jejunal and ileal perforations: a diagnostic challenge
Authors: Sunder Vijayalakshmi , Swaminathan Shanthi Ponandal , Kawarat Vikas , Maiyazhagan Kamalraj , Khanna Shriram , Mani Rajeswari , Ross Kannan
Published: March 2021

Spontaneous multiple jejunal perforations are rare. In India, the commonest cause of small bowel perforation is typhoid fever followed by tuberculosis. We report a case of multiple jejunal and ileal perforations in a 23-year-old young woman who was known to have ulcerative colitis on medical therapy including steroids. She was then diagnosed to have active pulmonary tuberculosis and commenced on anti-tuberculosis therapy. She presented with generalised peritonitis and underwent emergency bowel resection with proximal enterostomy and creation of mucous fistula of the distal ileum. Post-operative course was stormy due to sepsis and she eventually succumbed on the 3rd post-operative day. Histopathological examination revealed non-specific changes and was not contributory to diagnosis. Possible causes of spontaneous jejunal perforations are discussed and the literature is reviewed. This case, despite a fatal outcome, is being reported to highlight the need for high index of suspicion in such situations.
Laparoscopic repair of massive Bochdalek hernia
Authors: Summers Zara , Jeyarajan Eshwarshanker , Townend Philip , Parker David
Published: March 2021

Bochdalek hernias are a rare diaphragmatic hernia, usually diagnosed in childhood. We report a case of a large Bochdalek hernia containing omentum, stomach, left colon and some small bowel (jejunum) including mesentery, the superior pole of the left kidney, spleen and tail of pancreas diagnosed in adulthood. Our patient underwent a laparoscopic repair of this massive hernia with a composite mesh with an excellent post-operative outcome.
Motivational quality and competence perceptions towards healthy diet practice in patients with non-communicable diseases in Central Saudi Arabia
Authors: Saller Franziska V. I. , Mohammed Amal , Al Dhaferi Fahad
Published: March 2021

Background: Saudi Arabia has faced a considerable rise of non-communicable diseases (NCD) over the past decade. Dietary changes are essential for treatment efficacy in various NCD, but local evidence indicates rather poor treatment compliance. Knowledge about the behavioral determinants of patients can help to improve intervention adherence. The self-determination theory proposes autonomy and competence perceptions towards healthy eating to play a determining role in motivation and behavioural regulation. The aim of this study was to explore diet practice, motivation, autonomy and competence perceptions in Saudi patients with NCD.Methods: A questionnaire-based, cross-sectional study was implemented to evaluate relationships between diet habits and autonomy and competence perceptions towards healthy diet practice in patients with cardiovascular disease, diabetes and hypertension in a governmental hospital in Riyadh.Results: 269 patients >18 years participated in the study. Self-reported diet was mediocre, characterized by low fruit and vegetable intake. Hypertensive patients showed substantially poorer diet and, at the same time, higher motivational quality compared to other patient groups (p<0.05). Generally, patients demonstrated moderate motivational quality and high perceived competence, but certain sub-populations with specific commonalities strongly deviated from the norm. Competence perceptions, autonomous, as well as controlled motivation correlated with healthy diet practice (p=0.000).Conclusions: Our results indicate that both, autonomous and controlled motivation influence positive diet practice in NCD patients. We suspect a patient-group-specific exposure to health education to impact motivational quality. The influence of psychological factors on patient health behaviour is still greatly underestimated in clinical dietary interventions in KSA.
Marriage and Family in the East: Russian view
Authors: Krylova Natalia L.
Published: March 2021

The article is devoted to the peculiarities of marriage and family relations in the middle East. It is based on the reflections of a Russian woman who lived for many years in a marriage with a Syrian citizen. The Russian woman’s view on different aspects of the phenomenon of the Eastern family, ways of integrating a foreign woman into Eastern society, taking place against the background of the activation of the processes of feminization of modern Western and neighboring societies, and the diversity of forms of emancipation of women.
Administrative issues of prohibitions on online information dissemination
Authors: Simonova Snezhana V.
Published: March 2021

The article deals with the limits and the implementation features of the prohibitions imposed on modern information dissemination process. The author provides the analysis of existed law-enforcement approaches to the definition of prohibited information and its distinction from related terms. In conclusion the suggestions on improving administrative legal proceedings on blocking information are given.
Proza polskiego renesansu wobec antropologii humanistycznej, czyli negocjo¬wanie pozycji w świecie układanym na nowo
Authors: Śnieżko Dariusz
Published: March 2021

Artykuł jest próbą spojrzenia na polski humanizm renesansowy jako umiarkowany i samodzielny projekt modernizacyjny, w jego negocjacyjnych odniesieniach do tradycji antropologicznej, odmian mitu wieku złotego, zagadnień języka, a także dokonującej się wówczas rekonfiguracji mapy świata – z uwzględnieniem tego, co z oferty europejskiej nie zostało zasadniczo podjęte (np. melancholia generosa), jak również tego, na co został położony szczególny nacisk. W tej ostatniej sprawie mowa przede wszystkim o emancypacyjnym dążeniu do wyraźnego zaznaczenia tożsamości i specyfiki regionu Europy Wschodniej.
Norwid, kolebka Ariów a Europa jako wielokulturowe „principium”
Authors: Van Nieukerken Arent
Published: March 2021

W czasie swej emigracji w Paryżu Cyprian K. Norwid bardzo się interesował współczesną mu mitologią porównawczą, a także językoznawstwem historycznym, które również stosował jako metodę komparatystyczną. Artykuł próbuje ustalić źrodła jego własnych spekulacji mitologicznych i lingwistycznych. Okazuje się, że znane mu były zarówno ówczesne autorytety w tym zakresie (np. Ernest Renan, Max Müller, którzy posługiwali się metodologią pozytywistyczną), jak i zbiorowe opracowania encyklopedyczne wydane przez katolickiego duchownego, ojca J.P. Migne, które próbowały uzgodnić odkrycia nauki pozytywistycznej z tradycją chrześcijańską. Norwid zaczerpnął swą wiedzę z obu źródeł, choć perspektywa katolickich dykcjonarzy była mu bliższa (nie akceptował jednak bezkrytycznie wszystkich ich ustaleń). „Archaiczne” (z punktu widzenia nauki pozytywistycznej) korzenie jego spekulacji mitologicznych i językoznawczych broniły go jednak przed pokusą ulegania (pseudo)naukowemu dyskursowi rasowemu. Jego chrześcijański uniwersalizm spotyka się tu z agnostycznym uniwersalizmem Renana. W obu przypadkach istotnym elementem owego uniwersalizmu było podkreślanie ponadnarodowej wartości tradycji związanych ze Starym Testamentem i judaizmem.
Comparison of nonlinear models in the description of carbon mineralization in litter soil
Authors: Silva Edilson Marcelino , Fruhauf Ariana Campos , Jane Sérgio Alberto , Silva Édipo Menezes da , Muniz Joel Augusto , Fernandes Tales Jesus
Published: March 2021

Litter is an important source of nutrients for trees and can improve the quality of degraded soils. The objective of this study was to describe the dynamics of carbon mineralization in litter soils using nonlinear models, estimating half-life times. Soil carbon mineralization under three types of forest cover was evaluated: Atlantic forest fragment (capoeira), Acacia auriculiformis trees (acacia), and Mimosa caesalpiniifolia (sabiá) from a reforested area with a history of degradation. Twelve measurements of the mineralized carbon were made up to 222 days after the beginning of the incubation of litter soils. Stanford and Smith, Juma, and Cabrera models were fitted by the least squares method using the Gauss-Newton algorithm in the R software. The Stanford and Smith model was more appropriate in describing all treatments, based on the Akaike Information Criterion, with estimates of half-life for Acácia, Capoeira, and Sabiá soils at 25, 44, and 51 days, respectively. The Stanford and Smith and Juma nonlinear models satisfactorily described the carbon mineralization of soils of all treatments.
Quality of Coffea arabica seedlings produced in different nurseries in southern Minas Gerais, Brazil
Authors: Dos Passos Anderson Barreto , De Melo Bruno Manoel Rezende , Ferreira Sindynara , Castro Douglas Goulart , Dos Santos Telma Miranda , Guedes Leonardo Alves
Published: March 2021

Obtaining high-quality seedlings is a step of fundamental importance for the successful implementation of a coffee crop, which can be measured by evaluating seedling morphological and quality parameters. This study examines the quality of coffee seedlings produced in nurseries in the municipalities of Inconfidentes, Ouro Fino, and Jacutinga, southern Minas Gerais State, Brazil. The experiment was carried out in nurseries here termed 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 and 8, from 05/28/2017 to 02/28/2018. The experiment was developed in an 8 × 2 factorial arrangement consisting of 8 seedling nurseries and 2 cultivars (Catuaí strains IAC 62 and 144) evaluated in 3 replicates containing 8 seedlings each. The following traits were evaluated: leaf area (LA), total dry matter (TDM), shoot: root ratio (S: R), plant height: stem diameter ratio (HDR), and Dickson quality index (DQI). Data were subjected to combined analysis and, after significant differences were detected (p<0.05), the Scott-Knott test of means was applied. The management adopted in the nurseries influenced the development of the evaluated cultivars. Seedlings from nursery 5, of both evaluated cultivars; and from nursery 8, of cultivar IAC 144, exhibited a DQI above 0.2, indicating superior quality. Only nursery 5 showed seedlings of adequate quality for both cultivars. Regardless of their location, the other coffee-seedling nurseries still did not produce seedlings of satisfactory quality to be taken to the field.
Concept and simulation of an unmanned agricultural spraying aircraft
Authors: Teles Ribeiro da Silva João Carlos , Ismail Kamal Abdel Radi
Published: March 2021

In recent years, the Brazilian agriculture production expanded by 900 % over 1990, while the cultivated areas increased at a rate of 2 % per year. Due to this expansion, pulverization turned from manual to mechanical using ground equipment and aircraft. As a result of the new tendencies, recent statistics show the negative impacts on the health of pilots and operators of terrestrial machinery and on the environment. The present study evaluates the concept of an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) for pulverization of defensive products, named here as AVANT. In this study, new airfoils are evaluated, lifting line technique, vortex and panels method are used to define the geometry of the wings, fuselage and tail elements. Simulations were realized to verify the performance of the AVANT during operational shots and maneuvers. The basic parameters of the proposed AVANT are, Wingspan: 6 m; Monoplane; High wing; Piston engine (gasoline); Propeller; Tractor type; Installed power: 18 hp; Length: 5.5 m; Height: 1.477 m; Tail dragger type; Tail width: 2.6 m; Empty weight: 108.585 kg; Gross weight: 150 kg; Maximum Endurance: 9 h; Fuel capacity: 28 L; Agrochemicals capacity: 20 L; The results show that the AVANT is adequate for the proposed application.
The End of the Myth of the Cuban Exile? Current Trends in Cuban Emigration
Authors: Dembicz Katarzyna
Published: March 2021

Cuban migrants are considered as and referred to as exiles. However, in the face of the economic transformations in Cuba, as well as the rapprochement between the U.S. and Cuba, it has become necessary to revise the epistemological and semiotic foundations of this phenomenon. The current migratory trends among the Cubans do not meet the definition of exiles. Thus, the title of this article reflects the research assumption and the principal aim that the current circumstances in Cuba, as well as the migratory flows of Cubans mark the decline of the myth of the Cuban exile; a myth built by the media.
Forty-Four Years of Polish Archaeoastronomical Research in Latin America
Authors: Iwaniszewski Stanisław
Published: March 2021

Since the late 1980s, there has been a considerable growth in the numer of Polish contributions to the Latin American archaeoastronomy. Much of this interest in archaeoastronomy is an outcome of the scientific activities of Professor Andrzej Wiercinski who in the 1970s was fascinated with the claims for sophisticated Megalithic astronomy advocated by early British archaeoastronomers. The paper provides a brief description of the greatest Polish achievements in the field of Latin American archaeoastronomy.
Cryopreservation: The secret of modern preservation of brewer’s yeasts – minireview
Authors: Hanzalíková Katarína , Kubizniakova Petra , Kyselová Lucie , Matoulková Dagmar
Published: March 2021

The aim of the long-term preservation of cells, tissues and organs is to maintain their cellular structures and biological functions for as long as possible. Cryopreservation is a process where biological material is stored and preserved at very low temperatures. However, freezing and thawing processes can cause irreversible cell damage, which is related to formation of ice crystals, osmotic stress, accumulation of reactive forms of oxygen, etc. Therefore the cell viability depends mainly on the freezing rate, the composition of the cryoprotective medium as well as on the thawing rate. Using a suitable cryoprotective medium can increase the viability rate of the yeasts after “revitalization“. Appropriate pre-cultivation before freezing also plays an important role. These facts show that cell freezing and thawing processes must be controlled to avoid cell damage.
Saaz Special – another hop variety recommended for Czech beer
Authors: Mikyška Alexandr , Štěrba Karel , Slabý Martin , Jurková Marie , Kopecký Aleš , Kroupa František
Published: March 2021

The specification of varietal profiles of secondary metabolites of hops in beer is rather important for hop growing and beer brewing. Chemical and sensory profiles of beers hopped with the varieties of Saaz Special and the traditional Saaz semiearly red bine hops (Saaz) were compared in three-year pilot brews (200 L). Single kettle hopped beers and single kettle + dry hopped beers were prepared. The overall sensory impression of the Saaz Special beers was comparable to Saaz hops. The profile of essential oils and hop aromas/flavours in the beer was partially different, but the hop aroma did not receive a worse rating than Saaz. The Saaz Special dry hopped beers were clearly distinguished from Saaz in triangle tests, but no preference was given to either variety. Based on the achieved results, the Saaz Special variety was listed among varieties recommended for the production of the beer with the Protected Geographical Indication of Czech Beer thanks to the achieved results.
Methodology of testing common rail fuel injectors with the use of Gauss’s formulas
Authors: Stoeck Tomasz
Published: March 2021

The paper presents the methodology of testing common rail fuel injectors, which consisted in extending the standard diagnostic proce-dures with the analysis of the resulting fuel delivery fields. The calculations were carried out in a popular spreadsheet, using Gauss's formulas (the so-called shoelace formula). In this way, the necessity to modify the test bench software was eliminated, as the analytical process took place after the end of the active experiment phase. It has been shown that the proposed solution should be particularly useful in problematic situations where clear-cut verification and assessment of the technical condition of the fuel injectors is sometimes difficult, as shown in the example. In addition, implementation in a digital environment allows the presented algorithms to be reused in research with a similar profile.
Influence of physicochemical properties of gasoline on the formation of DISI engine fuel injector deposits
Authors: Stępień Zbigniew
Published: March 2021

This paper describes the results of an engine study of the tendency for fuel injector deposits to form by gasolines of various compositions. Since the factors promoting the formation of fuel injector deposits in DISI engines have, in many cases, been insufficiently identified they require further research and investigation work, which was the greatest motivation for undertaking this project. The latest CEC F-113-KC test procedure for the most damaging deposits in DISI engine injectors was used for this purpose. The research results obtained in the framework of the conducted project indicated T90, aromatic and olefinic hydrocarbons, sulphur, ethanol, DVPE, IBP and fuel density as the most important factors causing the increase in the tendency for deposits to form on the injectors of SI type DISI engines.
The assessment of the technical condition of SO-3 engine turbine blades using an impulse test
Authors: Milewicz Julia , Mokrzan Daniel , Szymański Grzegorz M.
Published: March 2021

The paper presents the effects of the application of an experimental impulse test as a method of diagnosis of the technical condition of an SO-3 engine turbine blade fitted in a TS-11 Iskra aircraft. The aim of the test was to investigate the frequency characteristics of the blades and discuss differences between the frequency spectrum of the investigated component before and after its damage. The acoustic response measurements were performed to the signal generated by an impact hammer on the fully functional and intentionally damaged blades. The recorded signals were converted from the domain of time to the domain of frequency using the Fast Fourier Transform (FFT). The results of the FFT were the Frequency Response Functions (FRF) of the sound of the blades, based on which the statistical analysis of the resonance frequencies was carried out. The influence of the mechanical damage of the blade on the shape and characteristics of the frequency spectrum was confirmed, which substantiated the effectiveness of the impulse test in the diagnostic assessment of jet engine components.
Inteligência emocional de professores universitários
Authors: Dornelles Marcos , Crispim Sergio Feliciano
Published: March 2021

O contexto atual da educação superior brasileira favorece sobrecarga de trabalho aos docentes, devido, entre outros fatores, ao aumento na proporção do número de alunos por professor. Além disso, a atual instabilidade nas políticas públicas na educação tende a adicionar outros fatores que podem impactar tanto o desempenho em sala de aula como a qualidade de vida dos docentes de forma diferenciada no ensino público e privado. A inteligência emocional tem atraído crescente interesse da academia e já é sabido que pode possibilitar melhor desempenho no trabalho, maior blindagem a possíveis efeitos nocivos do ambiente profissional e melhor qualidade de vida Dada sua importância, este estudo teve por objetivo verificar se há diferenças significativas nos níveis de inteligência emocional entre professores de ensino superior  público e privado no Brasil. Para isso utilizou-se a escala de Wong e Law (2002) para medir o nível de inteligência emocional em quatro dimensões distintas com uma amostra de 415 indivíduos. A pesquisa identificou que professores atuantes nas universidades privadas possuem maior nível de inteligência emocional e sugere a capacitação profissional em inteligência emocional para mitigar alguns efeitos danosos do meio sobre o seu bem-estar e processo didático.
Short-term adaptation of European viticulture to climate change: an overview from the H2020 Clim4Vitis action
Authors: Santos João A. , Yang Chenyao , Fraga Helder , Malheiro Aureliano C. , Moutinho-Pereira José , Dinis Lia-Tânia , Correia Carlos , Moriondo Marco , Bindi Marco , Leolini Luisa , Dibari Camilla , Costafreda-Aumedes Sergi , Bartoloni Niccolò , Kartschall Thomas , Menz Christoph , Molitor Daniel , Junk Jürgen , Beyer Marco , Schultz Hans R.
Published: March 2021

Viticulture is exposed and vulnerable to extreme weather and climate change. In Europe, owing to the high socio-economic value of the winemaking sector, the development of adaptation strategies to mitigate climate change impacts will be of foremost relevance for its future sustainability and competitiveness. Some guidelines on feasible short-term adaptation strategies are provided here (Figure 1), collected by the Clim4Vitis action (https://clim4vitis.eu/). Long-term adapation startegies are described in an accompanying technical review.
Challenges to the single party dominance of the African National Congress: lessons from Kwazakhele
Authors: Cherry Janet , Prevost Gary
Published: March 2021

This article explores the challenges to the African National Congress (ANC) in its traditional stronghold of the Port Elizabeth working­class township of Kwazakhele. The authors argue that this area has been the embodiment of single­party dominance for decades. Using exit polling and a post­election survey, the article details the challenges to the ANC from both reduced voter turnout and rising support for the Economic Freedom Fighters (EFF). The article concludes that the end of the ANC dominance in Kwazakhele in coming elections is possible but is not a foregone conclusion.
Campaign communication in Nigeria’s 2019 General Elections: unfulfilled party pledges and voter engagement without a social contract
Authors: Omilusi Mike
Published: March 2021

Broken campaign promises challenge the sanctity of the electoral process in Nigeria. Six decades after political independence and six electoral cycles in the last two decades of the Fourth Republic, there are inadequate legal frameworks and a lack of political will to change the narrative. Ambushing the voters with plans of action on the eve of every election remains a constant ritual to legitimise party campaigns in both digital media and at heavily mobilised rallies, often with limited substance. The general purpose of this study is twofold. First, to provide analysis of campaign communication and the extent to which it influences the participation of citizens in the electoral process. Second, to investigate the electorate’s understanding of policy issues inherent in the 2019 election manifestos of the two dominant political parties, All Progressive Congress (APC) and People’s Democratic Party (PDP), and how other elements shape perception and trust in elected representatives/ government. The research design relies on sample surveys and in­depth interviews, and seeks to identify, within the context of an electoral cycle, why conversations between public office seekers and voters do not translate into a concrete social contract or generate time­bound inclusive policies.
Traffic Flows Analysis in High-Speed Computer Networks Using Time Series
Authors: Millán Ginno
Published: March 2021

This article explores the required amount of time series points from a high-speed traffic network to accurately estimate the Hurst exponent. The methodology consists in designing an experiment using estimators that are applied to time series, followed by addressing the minimum amount of points required to obtain accurate estimates of the Hurst exponent in real-time. The methodology addresses the exhaustive analysis of the Hurst exponent considering bias behavior, standard deviation, mean square error, and convergence using fractional Gaussian noise signals with stationary increases. Our results show that the Whittle estimator successfully estimates the Hurst exponent in series with few points. Based on the results obtained, a minimum length for the time series is empirically proposed. Finally, to validate the results, the methodology is applied to real traffic captures in a high-speed network based on the IEEE 802.3ab standard.