bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Prediction of impeller rotating stall onset using numerical simulations of a centrifugal compressor. Part 1: Detection of rotating stall using fixed-flow transient simulations
Authors: Vagani Marco , Engeda Abraham , Cave Michael J
Published: May 2013

Rotating stall is an unsteady flow phenomenon that appears in both axial and centrifugal compressors. It is detrimental to the performance of the compressor, significantly narrowing its operating range. Numerical modeling of this phenomenon has been a major area of investigation for axial compressors with some success. While stall occurs less often in centrifugal compressors than axial ones, it can be much harder to predict. Some preventive measures are known but are mostly rules of thumb developed through experimental experience. This work focuses on the detection of impeller rotating stall using computational fluid dynamics. A compressor was chosen that has demonstrated rotating stall instabilities with different diffuser lengths and return vanes. Unsteady numerical simulations were performed on full 360° models of this geometry. The transient simulations were conducted using distributed processing on high-performance servers. The objective was to determine the accuracy in which rotating stall can be captured in simulations. For this purpose, simulation results were compared to experimental results for the same compressor and show a good correlation between the experimental and numerical tests.
Fatal poisonings in Finland during the years 2004–2009
Authors: Lapatto-Reiniluoto O , Vuori E , Hoppu K , Ojanperä I
Published: May 2013

Fatal alcohol and drug poisonings in Finland during the years 2004–2009 were studied. Cases were divided into those that occurred outside the hospitals (the majority of cases) and those that occurred within the hospitals (the minority of cases). Differences and similarities between the two groups were analysed. The postmortem toxicological investigation of all sudden and unexpected deaths in Finland is centralised at the Department of Forensic Medicine, University of Helsinki. We examined each fatal poisoning separately and verified the cause and place of death as well as the age and sex of the deceased. Fatal poisonings, including suicides, have remained unchanged for many years from the same high level, that is, about 1200 cases annually (22/100,000 inhabitants). The number of patients dying in hospitals due to poisoning has also remained stable (55–70 patients/year). However, the toxic agents involved in such poisonings have changed and deaths due to opioids are now being more numerous. The number of fatal unintentional drug poisonings rose significantly from 191 to 341 (3–6/100,000 inhabitants, p < 0.001) during the study years, and the difference between poisonings caused by drugs or alcohol also changed significantly ( p < 0.001). Diminishing substantially, the number of all fatal poisonings will be challenging because of the high percentage of suicides. However, a reduction in unintentional drug overdoses, which are presently on the rise, should be possible.
The health information practices of people living with chronic health conditions: Implications for health literacy
Authors: Lloyd Annemaree , Bonner Ann , Dawson-Rose Carol
Published: May 2013

The health literacy concept is often limited to descriptions of a patient’s functional relationship with text. This description does not acknowledge the range of information sources that people draw from in order to make informed decision about their health and treatment. A socio-cultural understanding of the practice of health literacy and the construction of the health information landscape is described, and draws from two studies of people with two different but complex and life-threatening chronic health conditions: chronic kidney disease and human immunodeficiency virus. Health information is experienced by patients as a chronic health condition landscape, and develops from three information sources, namely epistemic, social and corporeal sources. Participants in both studies used activities that involved orienting and sharing activities to understand the landscape that was used to inform their decision making. These findings challenge the traditional conceptions of health literacy and suggest an approach that views the landscape of chronic illness as being socially, physically and contextually constructed. This suggests recasting health literacy away from a sole interest in skills and towards understanding how information practices facilitate people becoming health literate.
Clinical presentations and outcomes of systemic lupus erythematosus patients with infection admitted to the intensive care unit
Authors: Han BK , Bhatia R , Traisak P , Hunter K , Milcarek B , Schorr C , Eid H , Feinstein D , Cronin P , Kolasinski SL
Published: May 2013

Objective

The objective of this article is to investigate clinical presentations and outcomes of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) patients with infection admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU).

Methods

SLE patients with infection, SLE patients with noninfectious causes, and non-SLE patients with infection were identified from the Cooper University Hospital Project IMPACT database between 2002 and 2010. We examined demographic data, APACHE II scores, physiologic data, laboratory data, length of stay in the ICU and hospital, and mortality of the three groups.

Results

Twenty-five SLE patients with infection, 45 SLE patients with noninfectious causes, and 1466 non-SLE patients with infection were included in the study. SLE patients with infection had higher APACHE II scores, higher maximum temperature, higher minimum and maximum heart rate (HR), lower minimum and maximum systolic blood pressure (SBP), and longer ICU length of stay in comparison to SLE patients with noninfectious causes. There were no statistical differences in white blood cell (WBC) count. SLE patients with infection had a higher mortality compared to SLE patients with noninfectious causes. There was no difference in mortality between SLE patients with infection and non-SLE patients with infection.

Conclusion

SLE patients with infection in the ICU had a higher mortality and a higher APACHE II score compared to SLE patients with noninfectious causes in the ICU. Their physiologic signs including temperature, HR, and SBP were more reflective of infection than their WBC count.
EU cohesion policy, horizontal partnership and the patterns of sub-national governance: Insights from Central and Eastern Europe
Authors: Dąbrowski Marcin
Published: May 2013

This article draws on the concept of Europeanization to assess the EU cohesion policy’s capacity to promote inclusive regional governance and cooperation in regional development initiatives in Central and Eastern European countries. EU cohesion policy is often credited with improving cooperation and coordination in the delivery of the regional development policy through the application of multi-level governance enshrined in the partnership principle. By imposing a close partnership among a variety of actors, cohesion policy has the capacity to alter domestic relations between the centre and the periphery, and to create a broader scope for regional and bottom-up involvement in economic development policy. However, a lack of tradition of decentralization and collaborative policy-making, as well as a limited capacity of sub-national actors, can result in uneven outcomes of the application of the partnership principle across countries and regions. This raises questions about the transferability of the partnership approach to new Member States characterized by weak sub-national institutions, a legacy of centralized policy-making and limited civic involvement. This paper addresses this issue by comparing horizontal partnership arrangements put in place for the purpose of cohesion policy implementation and examining their impacts on the patterns of sub-national governance. The horizontal partnership arrangements are compared across three regions in countries with differentiated systems of territorial administration: Poland, the Czech Republic and Hungary.
Obesity Explains Gender Differences in the Association Between Education Level and Metabolic Syndrome in South Korea
Authors: Ko Ki Dong , Cho BeLong , Lee Won Chul , Lee Hae Won , Lee Hyun Ki , Oh Bum Jo
Published: May 2013

This study aimed to examine the association of educational level with metabolic syndrome (MS) and its risk factors by gender in South Korea. A total of 6178 participants aged 20 years or older from The Fifth Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey were included in this study. A generalized linear model and adjusted proportion were used to identify educational disparities in MS, its components, and its risk factors (smoking, high-risk alcohol consumption, obesity, and stress). In women, a clearly inverse association between education level and MS were observed with significant trend, and the decreasing trends of all risk factors across education quartiles were in line with the inverse association. However, the association between education level and MS was not observed with a significant trend among men. An opposite trend of risk factors across education levels was shown in men, with an increasing trend for obesity and decreasing trends for smoking and high-risk alcohol consumption. These findings demonstrate that obesity can explain gender differences in the association between education level and MS in South Korea.
Prevalence and Demographic Distribution of Adult Survivors of Child Abuse in Japan
Authors: Tsuboi Satoshi , Yoshida Honami , Ae Ryusuke , Kojo Takao , Nakamura Yosikazu , Kitamura Kunio
Published: May 2013

A cross-sectional study was conducted with a national epidemiological survey to investigate the prevalence and demographic distribution of adult survivors of child abuse in Japan. A self-administered questionnaire was used to measure the history of child abuse and the demographic characteristics. The participants reported the following 4 types of child abuse: physical abuse (3%), sexual abuse (0.6%), neglect (0.8%), and psychological abuse (4%). Significant unequal distribution of child abuse was found to be associated with sex, living region, marital status, job status, and educational status. We determined the prevalence of adult survivors of child abuse in Japan and found that their demographic characteristics were unequally distributed. Policy makers and public health providers should take these demographic disparities into account in considering effective public health interventions for survivors of child abuse.
Energy harvesting from ambient vibrations: Electromagnetic device and synchronous extraction circuit
Authors: Arroyo Emmanuelle , Badel Adrien , Formosa Fabien
Published: May 2013

This article presents the design and experimental test of a new electromagnetic generator optimized for vibration energy harvesting with a nonlinear energy extraction circuit (synchronized magnetic flux extraction circuit). Previous results showed that the synchronized magnetic flux extraction circuit allows the rectification and the amplification of the voltages produced by an electromagnetic transducer, as well as the optimization of the energy transfer independently of the load impedance. A new geometry of electromagnetic harvester is proposed and optimized to harvest the maximum energy with the synchronized magnetic flux extraction circuit. The studied structure, whose total volume is 10 cm3, is based on a closed ferromagnetic back iron in order to obtain a high reactance in comparison with its resistance. Experimental measurements show that with the synchronized magnetic flux extraction technique, a rectified power of 1.6 mW is harvested at 1 g, 100 Hz over a 10 Hz bandwidth.
Effective Single-Parent Training Group Program
Authors: Briggs Harold E. , Miller Keva M. , Orellana E. Roberto , Briggs Adam C. , Cox Wendell H.
Published: May 2013

Objective:

This study highlights Dr. Elsie Pinkston and colleagues’ research on the effectiveness of behavior parent training and examines the application of single-parent training group (SPG) programs to three parent–child dyads exposed to distressed family circumstances.

Methods:

Single-system evaluation designs were conducted with two single birth parents, one single foster parent, and each parent’s three respective children, in an effort to appraise the results of a SPG program.

Results:

Two of the three parent–child dyads benefited from the SPG. Results suggested that there were changes in parent reinforcement and attention behaviors and children’s noncompliant behaviors.

Conclusion:

Behavioral improvements in single parent and child dyads lend support for the effectiveness of the parent training group for single parents. Implications for practice and future research on SPG programs are discussed.
What Bereavement Follow-Up Does Family Members Request in Japanese Palliative Care Units?
Authors: Muta Rieko , Sanjo Makiko , Miyashita Mitsunori , Wakabayashi Rieko , Ando Etsuko , Morita Tatsuya , Tsuneto Satoru , Shima Yasuo
Published: May 2013

Background:

There is no standardized method by which bereavement care is offered by hospice/palliative care units (PCUs) in Japan.

Aim:

To evaluate bereavement services provided by hospice/PCUs and clarify demands for bereavement care.

Design:

Qualitative design based on semistructured interviews and content analysis.

Setting/participants:

Forty-four bereaved family members of patients with cancer who died in 9 PCUs in 4 regions.

Results:

Memorial services were positively evaluated for the following variables: reunion and interaction with staff; the service’s relaxed atmosphere; staff attentiveness; suitable location; suitable timing; program content; and interaction with other bereaved families. Memorial cards were positively evaluated regarding the level of concern shown by the staff and the personalized card. Respondents indicated their desire for a care system, a bereaved family care program, and information services.
Factors Associated With Hospices’ Provision of Complementary and Alternative Medicine
Authors: Olotu Busuyi S. , Brown Carolyn M. , Barner Jamie C. , Lawson Kenneth A.
Published: May 2013

There is limited research about the provision of complementary and alternative (CAM) in US hospices. The purpose of this study was to assess the factors that influence hospices’ likelihood of providing CAM therapies. Mail surveys were sent to 369 hospices in Texas; 61 were returned undeliverede, yielding a total usable response rate of 35.7% (n = 110) after an initial and one follow-up mail out. Binary logistic regression was used to assess whether the likelihood of offering CAM is related to hospice’s age, geographic location, agency type, profit orientation, Medicare certification, and number of patients served annually. Results showed that profit orientation and the number of patients served by hospices were significantly related to the probability that hospices will offer CAM. Specifically, the odds of offering CAM in not-for-profit hospices were approximately 4 times higher than that in for-profit hospices (odds ratio [OR] = 3.77, P = .022, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.2, 11.8). In addition, for every 100 patients served by the hospices, the odds of offering CAM increases by 13% (OR = 1.13, P = .015, 95% CI = 1.02, 1.25). In conclusion, CAM offering by hospices is related to hospices’ profit orientation status and number of patients served but is not related to other measured characteristics of hospices.
Palliative Care Knowledge and Attitudes Among Oncology Nurses in Qatar
Authors: Al-Kindi Sadeer G. , Zeinah Ghaith F. Abu , Hassan Azza Adel
Published: May 2013

Objectives:

Formal palliative care (PC) education is lacking in the middle eastern state of Qatar. This study was done to assess the need for PC education among oncology nurses in Qatar.

Methods:

In March 2012, a self-constructed questionnaire was distributed to 115 nurses at the Qatar National Center for Cancer Care and Research.

Results:

A total of 115 nurses responded to the questionnaire. The majority (87.8%) were female. Although 60% had more than 10 years of work experience, only 31% had received formal training in PC, with only 6.1% having completed postgraduate training. The majority (63%) of responders attributed this issue to unavailability of PC courses rather than lack of time, interest, or financial issues. Currently, only 16.7% did not express interest in the field, with 56% showing some kind of interest. In terms of knowledge, 54% of the responders were familiar with the World Health Organization ladder for pain relief. Only 43.6% know about Palliative Performance Scale, and half of the nurses know the Edmonton Symptom Assessment System. Overall, 56% of the nurses indicated a need for training in more than 1 aspect. These aspects included training in care of the dying patients (14.6%), communication strategies (22%), caregiver support (10.6%), psychosocial care (15%), pain management (10.2%), other symptom management (13%), and other ethical/spiritual issues (14.2%).

Conclusions:

There is a clear deficiency in formal PC education among the nurses at the National Center for Cancer Care and Research, in Qatar. This is reflected by their lack of experience and exposure to PC and their mediocre knowledge in the field. This could be attributed to the fact that formal PC service was established only recently in Qatar (2008). Formal training courses in PC nursing are required.
Health Care Interactional Suffering in Palliative Care
Authors: Beng Tan Seng , Guan Ng Chong , Jane Lim Ee , Chin Loh Ee
Published: May 2013

A secondary analysis of 2 qualitative studies was conducted to explore the experiences of suffering caused by interactions with health care providers in the hospital setting. Interview transcripts from 20 palliative care patients and 15 palliative care informal caregivers in University Malaya Medical Centre were thematically analyzed. The results of health care interactional suffering were associated with themes of attention, understanding, communication, competence, and limitation. These 5 themes may serve as a framework for the improvement in interaction skills of health care providers in palliative care.
Predicting Chronic Posttraumatic Stress Disorder in Bereaved Relatives
Authors: Kristensen Tina E. , Elklit Ask , Karstoft Karen-Inge , Palic Sabina
Published: May 2013

The objectives of the present study were to examine the prevalence of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and to identify predicative risk factors for PTSD in bereaved people after a terminal illness. Fifty-four persons (mean age 60 years) participated in the study. Demographic, peritraumatic, and psychosocial factors were assessed in order to identify variables that affected PTSD severity. Six months after the loss, 21.6 % of the subjects had PTSD, an 8.6 % decrease from PTSD measured one month after the loss. Intake of medicine after the loss, place of death, not having a close intimate, negative affectivity, and the A2 criterion predicted 65 % of PTSD severity. A considerable number of the bereaved were still at great risk for developing PTSD six months after loss.
Predictive Role of Different Dimensions of Burden for Risk of Complicated Grief in Caregivers of Terminally Ill Patients
Authors: Lai Carlo , Luciani Massimiliano , Morelli Emanuela , Galli Federico , Cappelluti Roberta , Penco Italo , Aceto Paola , Lombardo Luigi
Published: May 2013

The aim of the study was to test whether high levels of caregiver burden, as other confirmed predictors, are associated with the risk of prolonged grief disorder in caregivers of terminally ill patients. A predictive study was carried out in order to test the hypothesis. A demographic schedule, the Prolonged Grief 12 (PG-12), the Toronto Alexithymia Scale, Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale, Hamilton Depression Rating Scale, and Caregiver Burden Inventory were administered to 60 caregivers of 51 patients who were admitted in Hospice. In the regression analysis, difficulty in recognizing emotions, total burden, depression, and developmental burden dimension were significant predictors of PG-12 levels. Findings showed that feeling of deprivation of existential expectations represents the greater risk factor for the prolonged grief disorder, among the burden dimensions.
Preference for Anonymous Classroom Participation
Authors: Latham Alyson , Hill N. Sharon
Published: May 2013

Electronic response systems (ERS) are a means to foster class participation by students who are reluctant to participate in class. In this study, we identify individual characteristics that relate to students’ preference for anonymous classroom participation, and we also examine the extent to which preference for anonymity is related to their reactions to ERS. We find that extraversion is negatively related and both performance-avoid orientation and power distance orientation are positively related to preference for anonymity. Preference for anonymity is in turn positively related to both the attitude toward ERS and the perceived usefulness of ERS. These results are of importance to instructors interested in identifying instructional approaches that promote the participation of diverse students by providing opportunities for anonymous participation in the classroom.
An Interview With Maurizio Andolfi
Authors: Sturm Debbie C. , Lewis Jennifer
Published: May 2013

In this interview, Maurizio Andolfi, MD, a full professor in psychology at University of Rome “La Sapienza”, and founder/director of the Accademia di Psicoterapia della Famiglia, shares the story of his career-long passion for family therapy and commitment to the experiences of marginalized children and their families. He reflects on the influence of his brother, his students and trainees, and such greats as Salvador Minuchin, Carl Whitaker, and Jay Haley. Dr. Andolfi may call Italy home, but his work reaches beyond borders and exemplifies a commitment to bringing together committed professionals from across the globe.
Results of Proximal Medial Gastrocnemius Release for Achilles Tendinopathy
Authors: Gurdezi Sabahat , Kohls-Gatzoulis Julie , Solan Matthew C.
Published: May 2013

Background:

Most patients with Achilles tendinopathy (AT) are treated successfully with physiotherapy involving eccentric calf training. In some patients, gastrocnemius contracture persists and there are reports of improvement following gastrocnemius release. We present the first series of patients to have proximal medial gastrocnemius release (PMGR) for AT.

Method:

16 PMGRs (12 patients) were performed at our institution over a 2-year period. Nine patients (10 PMGRs) were available for follow-up. The mean age of patients was 45 years (range, 25-63 years), with 5 female and 4 male subjects. The average follow-up period was 2.5 years (range, 1.7-3.3 years). The sample was divided into noninsertional and insertional tendinopathy, with 5 PMGRs per group. Outcome measures were visual analog scale (VAS) scores, Victorian Institute of Sport Assessment–Achilles (VISA-A) scores, American Orthopaedic Foot & Ankle Society (AOFAS) ankle-hindfoot score, and overall satisfaction. Complications and further procedures were also recorded.

Results:

At an average of 2.5 years of follow-up, 6 out of 9 patients were highly satisfied. The noninsertional tendinopathy group enjoyed better results than the insertional group: mean VISA-A scores improved by 59% (noninsertional) versus 22% (insertional); mean AOFAS scores improved by 29% (noninsertional) versus 15% (insertional). The improvement in the noninsertional group was statistically significant ( P < .05) for all 3 outcome measures.

Conclusion:

PMGR was an outpatient procedure that was well tolerated without wound healing concerns due to the proximally based incision. Patients with noninsertional tendinopathy who have failed conservative treatment can expect notable improvement, with VISA-A scores possibly normalizing after the procedure. We recommend PMGR for patients suffering recalcitrant noninsertional AT in whom gastrocnemius contracture persists despite an eccentric stretching program.

Level of Evidence:

Level IV, case series.
The Coevolution of Sustainable Strategic Management in the Global Marketplace
Authors: Stead Jean Garner , Stead W. Edward
Published: May 2013

Sustainable strategic management emerged from the coevolution of strategic thinking in today’s sustainability challenging business environment. Business ecosystems, designed to create socially and ecologically responsible economic opportunities for their members, have emerged as excellent structures for implementing sustainable strategic management strategies along the whole pyramid of coevolving developed, developing, and undeveloped markets. Both the business ecosystem leaders and niche players in these whole pyramid business ecosystems have critical roles to play in formulating and implementing potentially profitable strategies that help reduce the human footprint and improve the quality of human life. Ecosystem leaders need to be responsible for creating and shepherding their business ecosystems’ visions of a sustainable future, and niche players need to be responsible for providing the ecosystem with an innovation trajectory designed to make those visions a reality.
Clinical Decision Support for Perioperative Information Management Systems
Authors: Wanderer Jonathan P. , Ehrenfeld Jesse M.
Published: May 2013

Clinical decision support (CDS) systems are being used to optimize the increasingly complex care that our health care system delivers. These systems have become increasingly important in the delivery of perioperative care for patients undergoing cardiac, thoracic, and vascular procedures. The adoption of perioperative information management systems (PIMS) has allowed these technologies to enter the operating room and support the clinical work flow of anesthesiologists and operational processes. Constructing effective CDS systems necessitates an understanding of operative work flow and technical considerations as well as achieving integration with existing information systems. In this review, we describe published examples of CDS for PIMS, including support for cardiopulmonary bypass separation physiological alarms, β-blocker guideline adherence, enhanced revenue capture for arterial line placement, and detection of hemodynamic monitoring gaps. Although these and other areas are amenable to CDS systems, the challenges of latency and data reliability represent fundamental limitations on the potential application of these tools to specific types of clinical issues. Ultimately, we expect that CDS will remain an important tool in our efforts to optimize the quality of care delivered.
Why Culture Matters in Health Interventions
Authors: Airhihenbuwa Collins O. , Ford Chandra L. , Iwelunmor Juliet I.
Published: May 2013

Theories about health behavior are commonly used in public health and often frame problems as ascribed or related to individuals’ actions or inaction. This framing suggests that poor health occurs because individuals are unable or unwilling to heed preventive messages or recommended treatment actions. The recent United Nations call for strategies to reduce the global disease burden of noncommunicable diseases like diabetes requires a reassessment of individual-based approaches to behavior change. We argue that public health and health behavior intervention should focus more on culture than behavior to achieve meaningful and sustainable change resulting in positive health outcomes. To change negative health behaviors, one must first identify and promote positive health behaviors within the cultural logic of its contexts. To illustrate these points, we discuss stigma associated with obesity and human immunodeficiency virus and acquired immune deficiency syndrome. We conclude that focusing on positive behaviors and sustaining cultural and personal transformations requires a culturally grounded approach to public health interventions, such as that provided by the PEN-3 model.
Safety Assessment of Silylates and Surface-Modified Siloxysilicates
Authors: Becker Lillian C. , Bergfeld Wilma F. , Belsito Donald V. , Hill Ronald A. , Klaassen Curtis D. , Liebler Daniel , Marks James G. , Shank Ronald C. , Slaga Thomas J. , Snyder Paul W. , Andersen F. Alan
Published: May 2013

The Cosmetic Ingredient Review (CIR) Expert Panel assessed the safety of silica silylate, silica dimethyl silylate, trimethylsiloxysilicate, and trifluoropropyldimethyl/trimethylsiloxysilicate as used in cosmetics. These silylates and surface-modified siloxysilicates function in cosmetics as antifoaming agents, anticaking agents, bulking agents, binders, skin-conditioning agents—emollient, skin-conditioning agents—occlusive, slip modifiers, suspension agents—nonsurfactant, and viscosity increasing agents—nonaqueous. The Expert Panel reviewed the available animal and clinical data as well as information from a previous CIR safety assessment of amorphous silica. The CIR Expert Panel concluded that silica silylate, silica dimethyl silylate, trimethylsiloxysilicate, and trifluoropropyldimethyl/trimethylsiloxysilicate are safe as used when formulated and delivered in the final product not to be irritating or sensitizing to the respiratory tract.
Disposition and Excretion of 14C-AHTN (7-Acetyl-1,1,3,4,4,6-Hexamethyl-1,2,3,4-Tetrahydronaphthalene) and 14C-HHCB (1,3,4,6,7,8-Hexahydro-4,6,6,7,8,8-Hexamethyl-Cyclopenta-Gamma-2-Benzopyran) After Intravenous Administration to Sprague-Dawley Rats and Domestic Pigs
Authors: Api Anne Marie , Ritacco Gretchen , Sipes I. Glenn
Published: May 2013

7-Acetyl-1,1,3,4,4,6-hexamethyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydronaphthalene (AHTN ) and 1,3,4,6,7,8-hexahydro-4,6,6,7,8,8-hexamethylcyclopenta-gamma-2-benzopyran (HHCB) are polycyclic musks widely used as fragrance ingredients in consumer products. Because their metabolic fate following systemic exposure is not fully characterized, disposition and excretion of 14C-AHTN- and 14C-HHCB-derived radioactivity were studied in Sprague-Dawley rats and domestic pigs following a single intravenous dose. Rats administered with AHTN or HHCB excreted 21% or 28% of the radioactivity in urine and 67% or 61% in feces, respectively, within 7 days. In pigs administered AHTN or HHCB, 86% or 74% of the dose was excreted in the urine, and 12% or 15% in feces, respectively, during the 14-day collection period. Radioactivity in the whole blood and plasma of both species and tissues of rats declined steadily until the end of the study (28 days) for both the materials. Radioactivity in rat adipose tissue reached peak at 2 hours after dosing, decreasing steadily thereafter. Radioactivity in pig blood declined rapidly from 70 ng equivalents/g at 10 minutes to 1 ng equivalent/g or less by 28 days after administration of either AHTN or HHCB. Radioactivity in pig skin and adipose tissue decreased to below the limit of detection by 28 days for both the materials. Thin-layer chromatography showed multiple radioactive components in both species’ urine after administration of either material. Components found in the urine of the 2 species were qualitatively similar but quantitatively different. Both AHTN and HHCB were completely metabolized and excreted. No unchanged parent compound was detected in rat or pig urine.
Posttraumatic reactions to an earthquake: Multidimensional scaling profile analysis of adolescent survivors
Authors: Ding Cody , Xia Lingxiang
Published: May 2013

The current study examined the prototypical profiles of posttraumatic stress reactions among a sample of 282 adolescent survivors of the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake in China. Based on a dimensional perspective, the results of profile analysis via multidimensional scaling (PAMS) model revealed a two-dimensional solution corresponding to four profiles: intrusion, avoidance/arousal, partial avoidance, and hyperarousal. These profiles of posttraumatic stress symptoms equally manifested across gender. In addition, the Intrusion Profile was found to be associated with more elevated psychological distress symptoms. Results are discussed with respect to the typical posttraumatic stress symptoms following the earthquake.
Time and the psychiatric interview: The negotiation of temporal criteria of the depressive disorder
Authors: Ziółkowska Justyna
Published: May 2013

In this article, I am concerned with doctors’ negotiations of the temporal dimension of the diagnostic criteria of depressive disorders during the first psychiatric interview. The data come from 16 initial psychiatric interviews recorded by doctors in three psychiatric hospitals in Poland. Taking a constructionist view of discourse and psychiatric practices, I shall argue that the discursive practice related to temporal information about patients’ illnesses serves in gaining information, which is useful in the medical model of psychiatric diagnosis. The doctors positioned the patients’ experiences on the timeline when the illness history was taken and temporal information authenticated the information. Conversely, the patients’ current conditions were constructed in a limitless present, which allowed the psychiatrists to remove the relativity.
Coffee brands, class and culture in a Canadian city
Authors: Bookman Sonia
Published: May 2013

This article draws on a dynamic, cultural approach to class, as well as recent theoretical developments within the sociology of brands, to explore some of the ways that social class is being made and remade on the platforms of brands. It focuses on the three most prominent coffeehouse brands in Canada, and draws on substantial qualitative data from a study conducted in the city of Winnipeg. Examining the brands, it shows how they offer consumers distinctive, themed experiences such as ‘cosmopolitan connoisseurship’ that shape meanings and practices of coffee consumption. Using material from interviews with consumers and employees of the brands, it illustrates how consumers draw on the brands and the cultural frames they afford as a means to co-construct notions of class and perform distinction. This occurs in a complex brand–consumer dynamic in which class antagonisms are expressed and boundaries co-produced in the specific arena of coffee consumption.
Work environment and disability pension – an 18-year follow-up study in a Norwegian working population
Authors: Støver Morten , Pape Kristine , Johnsen Roar , Fleten Nils , Sund Erik R. , Ose Solveig Osborg , Bjørngaard Johan Håkon
Published: May 2013

Aims: To investigate the associations between work environment indicators and health- related work disability. Methods: A health survey of 5,749 working 40–42-year-old Norwegians from Nordland County were linked to a national register for disability pension during a follow-up of over 18 years. The risk for disability pension following various self-reported physical and psychosocial work environmental exposures (individual and cumulative) were estimated using Cox regression analysis. Results: Both cumulative physical and psychosocial work environmental exposures were associated with an increased risk for disability pension, although this association was attenuated for most variables after adjusting for health and education. An increase in five poor psychosocial work environmental exposures was associated with a 22% increased risk for disability (adjusted hazard ratio, aHR, 1.22, 95% CI 1.04–1.44), whereas a similar increase in five poor physical work environmental exposures was associated with a 29% increased risk (aHR, 1.29, 95% CI 1.16-1.44). There were no indications of statistical interaction between either sex or education and work exposures. Conclusions: People who report a poor work environment are at a higher risk for subsequent work disability. This finding suggests that improving working conditions may be an area of intervention in order to reduce the number of people who leave the labour market with a disability pension.
The effects of the shape of localized defect in ball bearings on the vibration waveform
Authors: Liu Jing , Shao Yimin , Zuo Ming J
Published: May 2013

Ball bearings, one of the most widely used components in rotating machinery, play a critical role in system performance. Localized defects such as pit and spall may develop in ball bearings during service. The vibration waveform of the impulse generated by a ball passing over a defect on the races is determined by the shape and size of the localized defect. Hence, it is important to study the relationship between the localized defect shape and its pulse waveform characteristics in order to diagnose the types of defect in bearings. This study examines the effects of the defect shape, radial load and shaft speed on the pulse waveform characteristics generated by localized defects using the method of explicit dynamic finite element analysis. To validate the proposed model, the results obtained from the experiments have also been provided, and the waveform and the duration of the pulse generated by the defect on the outer race are in good agreement with the simulation results, which shows validation of the proposed model. Both the experimental results and the simulation results have confirmed that the impulse shape generated by the defect on the raceway will be influenced by the contact deformations at the edges of the defect. The results obtained also demonstrate that the explicit dynamic finite element analysis approach can be used to analyze the pulse waveform characteristic generated by localized defects in ball bearings.
Assembling market representations
Authors: Diaz Ruiz Carlos Adrian
Published: May 2013

Markets have been argued to be of central concern in marketing theory; nevertheless, the representations that depict what a market is, and how it works, remain understudied. To remedy the gap, this paper takes a qualitative in-depth approach to observe the representational objects that market research practitioners privilege when describing a market to their clients. The organizing of representational objects into market representations is studied through Latourian translations and assemblages. Four distinct dimensions of market representations are identified: frame, content, purpose, and approach. Tensions arise within those dimensions when managers privilege representational objects regarding: the frame of the market (exchange or nonexchange), what to include in the content of the representation (actors or practices), what purpose will be accomplished (ostensive or performative), and how to approach what is assembled (internal or external perspectives). This paper disentangles assemblages so that market representations can be qualified.
Scholars, intellectuals, and bricoleurs
Authors: Papson Stephen
Published: May 2013

This essay explores three orientations to knowledge: the scholar, the intellectual, and the bricoleur. It argues that although the scholar and the intellectual are tied closely to the Liberal Arts and Humanities and dominate academic public relations discourse, both students and faculty increasingly use the practice of bricolage to gather and organize information. Associated with postmodernity, bricolage is a functional response to both the increasing velocities of information flows and the breakdown of cultural hierarchies. Bricolage, however, contradicts the scholarly tradition and the prevailing discourses of rigor and accountability. This essay argues that academia responds to this shift by focusing on literacies, the skills necessary to engage with the techno-information landscape, and by implementing quality management strategies that cordon off salient disciplinary knowledge sets, prescribe efficient pedagogies, and then apply assessment matrices. It also considers how the Digital Humanities engage with these orientations.
Arts-science collaboration, embodied research methods, and the politics of belonging: ‘SiteWorks’ and the Shoalhaven River, Australia
Authors: Gibbs Leah
Published: May 2013

Arts-science collaboration is gaining increasing attention in geography and other disciplines, in part due to its ability to ‘do’ social, cultural and political work. This paper considers the work of SiteWorks, a series of projects initiated by Bundanon Trust – an Australian public company. SiteWorks involves arts practitioners, scientists, other scholars and local people creating works in response to the Bundanon site, on the Shoalhaven River, southeastern Australia. The paper draws on my experience as a SiteWorks participant, and poses two questions. What does this arts-science collaboration contribute to an understanding of the more-than-human world of this site? What are the methodological implications of the collaborative, embodied research methodology? The study finds that SiteWorks informs a politics of belonging. Understanding belonging has implications for thinking and action towards plant and animal life, and for the highly contested realms of human identity, indigeneity and migration. Unsettling fixed notions of belonging is essential for learning to live with the contingency presented by contemporary environmental change. Here I propose a ‘passing-through place’; a place not permanently dwelt in but vital nonetheless. Secondly, the study finds that collaborative, embodied research methodology reveals and challenges our practices, invites new modes of investigation, and presents new questions and insights into place and practice. Embodied methods heighten awareness of the more-than-human world, presenting opportunity for more ethical co-existence. The academy is presently witnessing increasing attention to impact and non-traditional output. Despite ongoing challenges, collaborative, embodied research practice presents one avenue for attending to these imperatives.
Creating Civil and Respectful Organizations Through the Scholar-Practitioner Bridge
Authors: Gedro Julie , Wang Jia
Published: May 2013

The Problem

Incivility, also referred to as bullying, emotional abuse, and mobbing, has increasingly become an issue in today’s workplace. It is widely recognized that workplace incivility has significant negative impact on both individuals and organizations. Nevertheless, there is a lack of general research attention to this topic within the human resource development (HRD) community. Such lack of essential understanding may hinder HRD practitioners’ capability of recognizing uncivil behaviors at work and designing effective HRD interventions to address them. Further, within the HRD practitioner community, there is a dearth of knowledge of how to use findings of research on workplace incivility to inform practice and help creating a civil work environment.

The Solution

This study presents a real-life case in which scholarship has informed and enhanced practice. It demonstrates how Estes and Wang’s (2008) research on workplace incivility has been used to assist one college in the United States to address issues related to civility. This scholarly informed initiative resulted in the inclusion of workplace civility in the College’s strategic plan, as well as development and delivery of workplace civility training workshops to over 800 employees across the College. Due to the success of the initial program, more efforts are being made to develop additional trainings.

The Stakeholders

Findings of this case study will benefit multiple stakeholders. This case of success provides valuable lessons which can be helpful to organizational leaders, policy makers, and human resource developers in their own endeavor to identify/address incivility related issues and foster a civil and healthy work environment for employees. In addition, this case study demonstrates how research can be applied to enhance practice, therefore showing both scholars and practitioners one way to bridge the gap between research and practice.
An Open-Label, Nonplacebo-Controlled Study on Cistanche tubulosa Glycoside Capsules (Memoregain®) for Treating Moderate Alzheimer’s Disease
Authors: Guo Qihao , Zhou Yan , Wang Chao-Jih , Huang Young-Ming , Lee Yi-Ta , Su Muh-Hwan , Lu Jiahong
Published: May 2013

Aim:

Efficacy and safety of Cistanche tubulosa glycoside capsules (CTG capsule, Memoregain®) for treating Alzheimer’s disease (AD) were studied.

Methods:

A total of 18 patients with AD administered with Memoregain® for 48 weeks were assessed for drug efficacy by Alzheimer’s Disease Assessment Scale–cognitive subscale (ADAS-cog), Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE), Activities of Daily Living (ADLs), Blessed Behavioral Scale, and Clinical Global Impression (CGI) scales.

Results:

The MMSE score was 14.78 ± 2.51 at baseline and 14.06 ± 4.26 at study completion. While changes in ADAS-cog score before and after 48 weeks of treatment were statistically insignificant, the score improved, deteriorated, and remained unchanged in 10, 7, and 1 patients, respectively. The ADL and CGI scores showed no significant difference from baseline. All adverse reactions were mild.

Conclusion:

After Memoregain® treatment, patients with AD showed no obvious aggravation of cognitive function, independent living ability, and overall conditions but were stable throughout the study. Comparison with other long-term medications with acetylcholinesterase inhibitors suggests that Memoregain® has a potential to be a possible treatment option for mild to moderate AD. Large trials with bigger population are required to confirm.
Sensitivity and Specificity of Diagnostic Accuracy in Alzheimer’s Disease
Authors: Gaugler Joseph E. , Kane Robert L. , Johnston Joseph A. , Sarsour Khaled
Published: May 2013

Purpose of the Study:

This report synthesizes existing evidence to compare the accuracy of various Alzheimer’s disease (AD) diagnostic approaches.

Design and Methods:

Meta-analyses and reviews of diagnostic accuracy of AD were identified through a search of the PubMed and Cochrane Library databases using the keyword combinations of “sensitivity specificity Alzheimer’s disease diagnosis” and “accuracy of Alzheimer’s disease diagnosis.”

Results:

From 507 abstracts initially identified, 41 systematic reviews or meta-analyses were selected. Cerebrospinal fluid-tau demonstrated variable sensitivity (range 73.3%-100%) and specificity (range 70.0%-92.4%) in diagnosing AD when compared to neuropathological verification of clinical criteria for AD. Various positron emission tomography approaches showed a similar range of sensitivity (range 80.0%-100%) and specificity (range 62.0%-90%) as diagnostic protocols.

Implications:

Issues that remain in the study of AD diagnosis include the need to determine the comparative effectiveness of diagnostic approaches. Variations in study quality make empirically derived conclusions about the diagnostic accuracy of existing approaches tenuous.