bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Alternative to Prosecution in Criminal Law: A Case for Plea Agreements in Corporate Crime
Authors: Okumu Lillian Akinyi , Murigi Henry K
Published: March 2023

The legal order in Kenya abhors ethereal companies from engaging in serious corporate transactions with government since therein lies the possibility for economic and corporate crime to thrive. Those who commit economic crime and embezzle public funds often attempt to hide behind the legitimate legal fiction of company law. This is part of the reason why corruption is rampant. This article seeks to accentuate the reality of corporate criminal responsibility and to propose a way to ensure that corporates embrace alternative dispute resolution (ADR) to settle criminal cases. The article highlights the schools of thought on the use of ADR in fighting crime and responds to the objections to the use of ADR in resolving corporate crime. This article further suggests that these principles engraved in the criminal-law tradition must be reconsidered with appropriate responses to corporate crime.
The One-Two Punch: Utilising Community Prosecution and Victim-Centred Strategies to Successfully Prosecute Trafficking in Persons in Uganda
Authors: Salzman Christy , Dunman Tyler
Published: March 2023

Since the passage of the Palermo Protocol in 2000, most states have increased their efforts to investigate and prosecute trafficking in persons. According to the annual Department of State Trafficking in Persons Report, Uganda currently ranks as a Tier 2 country, partly due to ongoing difficulties in investigating and prosecuting of trafficking in persons. This article suggests community prosecution in Uganda could improve trafficking in persons prosecutions. Community prosecution is a non-traditional method of prosecution that focuses on preventing crime before it happens. By combining community prosecution methods with other prosecutorial best practices, such as prosecutor-led investigations, multi-disciplinary teams, and a continuum of care, prosecutors in Uganda could better prevent trafficking in persons and serve victims through a trauma-informed approach. This article outlines relevant community prosecution practices, including the advantages and challenges, and then proposes several recommendations for how Ugandan prosecutors could implement community prosecution methods specifically to address trafficking in persons cases.
Victimisation and the Fear of Cybercrime during the COVID-19 Pandemic: Experience of Undergraduate Students in Kenya
Authors: Weru Anthony Kahuthia , Kariuki Petersen Mwai
Published: March 2023

The victimisation model in the context of cyberspace suggests that previous cybercrime victimisation results in fear of cybercrime. Previous researchers have found mixed results in their findings. The current study uses five prevalent cybercrimes in Kenya, namely, impersonation, cyberbullying, online fraud, phishing, and computer virus, to establish the nature of the relationship between victimisation and the fear of cybercrime. A convenient sample of 55 university students pursuing a Bachelor’s degree in criminology at Dedan Kimathi University of Technology was used. Findings indicated that those who have experienced cyberbullying and impersonation and those who spend much time on social media are more fearful of cyberbullying. Moreover, those who have experienced online fraud and those who are less frequent shoppers are more fearful of online fraud, while those who have experienced phishing and those who receive a high number of spam emails are more fearful of hacking when opening links embedded in emails. Finally, those who have experienced computer viruses, as well as those who complete zero downloads per day, are more fearful of computer viruses. High internet usage, experiences of online fraud and phishing attacks and attempts which are positively related to fear of cyberbullying, can be attributed to COVID-19 times when most Kenyans were vulnerable and not working.
The Efficacy of National and International Accountability Mechanisms in Combating the Al-Shabaab in Somalia
Authors: Mutuma Kenneth Wyne , Thuo Benson Waweru
Published: March 2023

Decades of power struggles among political rivals have resulted in Somalia being regarded as a ‘failed state’. The absence of a central government has allowed Al-Shabaab to take control of parts of Somalia and commit war crimes as well as crimes against humanity. Despite compelling prima facie evidence of these crimes, Al-Shabaab has not been held sufficiently accountable, leaving many victims without redress. This is due to the shortcomings of existing national and international accountability mechanisms. Somalia’s judicial branch faces significant capacity challenges that prevent it from adequately investigating and prosecuting war crimes. Countermeasures by religious fundamentalists and excessive reliance on informal dispute-resolution methods further frustrate the justice system’s efforts. Peacekeeping missions by international bodies such as the United Nations Security Council (UNSC) have also been ineffective. In addition, there are growing fears that the group’s reach will grow due to an increase in the revenue that it is able to generate. This article examines the shortcomings of the aforementioned accountability framework and offers solutions to address the gaps to ensure justice for the victims of Al-Shabaab.
Why the Preference for Xeer in Somalia Surged during the Coronavirus Pandemic
Authors: Muyonga Doreen
Published: March 2023

The coronavirus pandemic has tested the resilience of justice systems across the world. The enforcement of public health measures such as lockdowns, curfews, social distancing, and stay-at-home orders posed serious challenges to access to justice in most jurisdictions. However, in Somalia, the resilience of its traditional justice system, Xeer, saw it continue to render relatively quick justice that was otherwise lacking following the closure of the government’s justice system. This article seeks to explain why the preference for Xeer increased during the pandemic. The article begins by providing background information about Somalia’s justice systems. It goes on to explain how Xeer works. It also discusses the challenges posed by the pandemic in respect of Somalia’s formal justice system. More importantly, it explains why Xeer was preferred during the pandemic. The article finds that the realities brought about by the pandemic, such as lockdowns, cessation of movement, social distancing, curfews, and loss of livelihoods, had minimal impact on Xeer’s functioning. This is because the process is conducted at the community level mostly under a tree, by clan elders at no cost, making it possible for locals to continue accessing uninterrupted justice. The article recommends strengthening Xeer since it has demonstrated its ability to fill the gap of a weak government judicial system.
Reparation Orders at the International Criminal Court: The Quest of the Victims in the Bosco Ntaganda Case
Authors: Keter Douglas Kipchumba
Published: March 2023

Article 75 of the Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court (Rome Statute) on reparation has been heralded as a milestone achievement in the history of international criminal justice. Four significant reparation orders have so far been given by the International Criminal Court (ICC). The first was issued on 7 August 2012 against Thomas Lubanga, where the ICC admitted its success was connected to the success of its reparation mechanism. On 8 March 2021, Trial Chamber VI awarded USD 30 million to victims of crimes committed by Bosco Ntaganda. However, to date, victims are yet to benefit. The backbone of reparation in the Ntaganda case was built on a reparation mechanism with a corrective effect on the situation in the Democratic Republic of Congo, prioritisation of the needs of vulnerable victims, and prompt reparation. Archival information reveals that reparation in the Ntaganda case is yet to achieve what it set out to achieve. Restitution and restorative theories of crime form the key theories of discussion in this research. This research sets the centre stage for further research to facilitate improvement in this critical area of the justice process at the ICC. Efficient and effective reparations at the ICC plays a critical role in addressing victims’ plight, resulting in increased confidence in court operations. There is a need for research on how the efficiency of reparation at the ICC can be enhanced, perhaps by forming a restorative justice branch.
Review: M Schneider & V Ferguson Enforcement of Intellectual Property Rights in Africa (OUP, 2020)
Authors: Dolcerocca Antoine
Published: March 2023

None
CARACTERIZAÇÃO DOS CASOS DE INTERNAÇÃO EM MENORES DE UM ANO POR SEPSE NO ACRE ENTRE 2018 E 2022
Authors: Santos Costa Mariella , Crispim Alves da Costa Kézia Rebeca , Vasconcelos Vivian  Farias , Silva Lima da Costa Ruth
Published: March 2023

A sepse é uma síndrome clínica resultante de uma resposta inflamatória descontrolada do organismo a uma infecção. Sua frequência sofre influência de peculiaridades intrínsecas ao próprio indivíduo, ao agente infeccioso e também ao meio ambiente. Objetivou-se caracterizar os casos de internações por sepse em menores de um ano no estado do Acre, entre 2018 e 2022. Trata-se de um estudo transversal, retrospectivo, exploratório, de abordagem quantitativa, com coleta de dados secundários, extraídos no site do Departamento de Informática do SUS – DATASUS. Os achados evidenciaram 161 casos de sepse em menores de um ano internados em hospitais no estado do Acre, desses, a maioria ocorreu na capital Rio Branco 96 (59,6%). O número de internações por ano de ocorrência apresentou variações de inconstância, sendo observado um importante declínio do número de casos em 2020, com uma súbita elevação no ano de 2021 e novamente um declínio em 2022. Observou-se maior ocorrência em indivíduos do sexo masculino 88 (54,7%). Frente ao caráter de atendimento, a maioria ocorreu por urgência 92 (57,1%) e quanto ao desfecho, a maioria dos casos evolui para alta por cura 140 (87%). Conclui-se que a internação de menores de um ano é um problema em evidência no estado do Acre e se faz necessário a implementação de medidas eficazes para a prevenção, um melhor controle e condução dos casos, a fim de evitar a mortalidade por essa causa.
Exploring the conditions of English language education through the experience of Eritrean Sophomore English language learners and teachers
Authors: Tewelde Mussie , Moate Josephine , Posti-Ahokas Hanna
Published: March 2023

This study addresses the little studied context of English language education in Eritrea. Despite the teaching of English as a subject and the forward-looking mother tongue policy implemented in Eritrean elementary education, Eritrean students struggle to cope with English as the medium of instruction from the start of junior school to the end of tertiary education. This qualitative study analyses sixteen sophomore student interviews and six teacher interviews to critically explore the conditions of English language education in Eritrea. Using an ecological perspective, the findings from this study highlight how the affective, didactic, study and linguistic conditions interrelate with one another to form the characteristic features of the English language education ecosystem and provide insights into the different ways participants within this ecosystem respond to these conditions. The aim of this study is to better understand what supports and hinders students’ language development in order to be able to support the reformation and transformation of English language education in Eritrea.
Mikro Şebekeler için Enerji Yönetimi ve Gerilim Kontrol Algoritmalarının Geliştirilmesi: Alçak Gerilim Seviyesinde Statik Voltaj Regülatörü Örneği
Authors: BEKTAŞ Enes , BAYINDIR Kamil Çağatay , TERCİYANLI Alper , TAN Adnan , CANBOLAT Hüseyin , YILMAZ Hasan
Published: March 2023

Son yıllarda dağıtık enerji üretiminin artması ile birlikte alçak gerilim (AG) tarafta, tüketici geriliminde yükselmeler meydana gelmektedir. Aynı zamanda ters güç akışı, şebeke dengesizliği gibi problemler ile birlikte gerilimdeki yükselme, enerji hatları üzerinde kayıplara yol açarak sistemi veriminin düşmesine neden olmaktadır. Bu makalede, AG mikro şebekeler için gerilim problemlerinin çözümüne yönelik, mikro şebeke önüne statik voltaj regülatörü (SVR) bağlanmıştır ve SVR gerilim kontrol algoritması geliştirilmiştir. Gerilim kontrol algoritmasının mikro şebeke için önerilen Kural Tabanlı ve Optimizasyon Tabanlı Enerji Yönetimi Sistemleri (EYS) ile birlikte uygulanmasına yönelik benzetim çalışması yapılmıştır. IEEE 13 bara test sistemi ve önerilen algoritmalar Simulink/MATLAB ortamında oluşturulmuştur. Optimizasyon tabanlı EYS sonuçları, Python programlama dili kullanılarak elde edilmiştir. Gerçek gerilim ve yük profili otomatik sayaç okuma sistemi (OSOS) verilerinden alınmıştır ve elde edilen sonuçlar SVR gerilim kontrol algoritmasının, mikro şebekelerinin gerilimini istenilen seviyeye indirilmesinde etkili bir şekilde kullanılabileceğini göstermiştir. Aynı zamanda Optimizasyon Tabanlı EYS ile mikro şebekelerin daha efektif bir şekilde yönetilebileceği benzetim çalışması sonuçları ile doğrulanmıştır.
Kurum Kimliği Üzerine
Authors: İNGEÇ Ali Kerem
Published: March 2023

Medya ve ulaşım teknolojilerinin gelişmesiyle ortaya çıkan ve zaman geçtikçe kendisini daha fazla hissettiren küreselleşme olgusu, 1980’li yıllarda itibaren yeni pazarların keşfedilmesini ve küresel ölçekte finansal büyümeleri beraberinde getirmiştir. Bunun sonucunda özellikle ABD’de yeni şirketler kurulmuş, bazılar el değiştirmiş, bazıları ise birleşmişlerdir. Dolayısıyla profesyonel uygulayıcıların yoğun bir biçimde kurumları görsel olarak dizayn ettikleri bu ortamda kurumsal kimlik kavramı ilgi çekmiş, böylece kurumsal kimlik kavramı sık sık akademik metinlere ve popüler yazılara konu olmaya başlamıştır. Kurumların görsel olarak dizayn edilmesi ve bunun “kurumsal kimlik danışmanlığı” olarak adlandırılması, akademik metinlerde de kurumsal kimliğin bir kurumu diğerlerinden ayıran gözlemlenebilir tüm unsurlar olduğu şeklinde bir konsensüs var etmiştir. Ek olarak kurumsal davranışı yine gözlemlenebilir olması ve ayırt edici olması sebebiyle kurumsal kimliğin bileşenlerine dahil eden görüşler de vardır. Ayrıca tıpkı bireyler gibi bir kimliğe sahip olabilen kurumların, karaktere, benliğe, kişiliğe veya ruha da sahip olabileceğine ilişkin bazı yüzeysel görüşler de bulunmaktadır. Nadiren bu görüş bir tartışma haline gelmiştir. Bu çalışmada, kurumların insana özgü birçok yeti, özellik ve inisiyatifi barındırmak üzere dizayn edildikleri ve dolayısıyla tıpkı insanlar gibi kimlik, kişilik karakter ve benliğe sahip oldukları varsayımıyla kurumların karakteri, kişiliği benliği veya kimliklerinin onların hangi yönlerine ve özelliklerine tekabül ettikleri incelenmiştir. Nasıl ki bir insanın kim olduğunun cevabı onun karakteri, benliği ve kimliğinde gizliyse kurumların da mahiyetini anlamak ancak bu kavramları kurum bağlamında incelemekle mümkündür. Sonuç olarak karakter, benlik ve kimliğin, kurumların fikri yapısının ve doğal davranışlarının kaynağı; kişiliğin ise kurumların görsel unsurlarıyla plan eylemlerinden müteşekkil olduğu dolayısıyla kurumların mahiyetinin yalnızca kimlik kavramıyla anlaşılamayacağı anlaşılmıştır.

Anahtar Kelimeler: Kurum Kimliği, Kimlik, Benlik, Karakter, Kişilik.
The EU Public Diplomacy in the United States under the D. Trump Administration: Challenges, Key Projects and Outcomes
Authors: Marchukov A. N.
Published: March 2023

Public diplomacy is one of the key foreign policy instruments of the European Union for strengthening its international stance. In that regard, Brussels pays special attention to ensuring trust-based relations with the United States, which traditionally acts as the EU’s leading trade and military partner. The apparent cooling in transatlantic relations provoked by harmful rhetoric and practices of D. Trump administration forced the EU to focus on non-traditional channels of interacting with the American audience. In this context, the analysis of the EU’s attempts to adapt its public diplomacy programmes in the United States to the new realities is of particular interest. The first section outlines the political, economic, administrative, and image risks faced by EU diplomats in this area during the presidency of D. Trump (2017−2020). The second section examines the main thematic priorities, mechanisms and projects of the EU public diplomacy aimed at the American audience. The author argues that during the period under review the EU placed special emphasis on advocacy, cultural diplomacy, and exchange programmes for young people. The author concludes that, although European diplomats failed to achieve a qualitative improvement in transatlantic relations during D. Trump’s tenure, the EU public diplomacy demonstrated resilience and flexibility in the face of adverse circumstances. Indeed, the EU diplomats proved their creativity in developing innovative programmes which can be instrumental for future development of the EU public diplomacy in general.
PRC’s Public Diplomacy Practice in Central Asia: Current Situation, Challenges and Prospects
Authors: Wang Yufei
Published: March 2023

The Central Asian region, with its rich reserves of energy resources and unique geopolitical position, is of particular importance for the modern foreign policy strategy of the People’s Republic of China. At the same time, the PRC’s public diplomacy and soft power in the Central Asian republics remain relatively understudied, despite the overall emphasis given to these issues by the Chinese researchers. It is this gap that this paper is partly intended to fill. The first section of the paper examines the evolution of the discourse on ‘public diplomacy’ in China and its perception in the Chinese academic community. The second section identifies the reasons for mainstreaming public diplomacy agenda in China’s foreign policy towards the Central Asian countries in recent years. The author shows that enhancement of economic and political cooperation between China and regional countries was not matched by a concurrent improvement of the China’s public image, on the contrary there has been a noticeable rise in Sinophobia. It was against this background that the PRC turned its attention to the use of public diplomacy tools as it launched the Belt and Road Initiative. The third section outlines the main thrusts of the Chinese public diplomacy in the region, including PR-diplomacy, media-diplomacy and humanitarian diplomacy. The final section identifies both the endogenous and exogenous challenges faced by the PRC’s public diplomacy in the Central Asian countries. The author argues that the competitiveness and effectiveness of China’s public diplomacy could be increased through expanding cooperation in the humanitarian sphere, implementation of digital technologies and media 2.0, as well as by increased engagement of non-governmental commercial and non-profit actors in interaction with the regional public. Either way, the author concludes that the Central Asian region will play an increasing role in the Chinese public diplomacy.
The Korean Peninsula as a Hotbed of Cold War 2.0
Authors: Kalinin R. R.
Published: March 2023

Contemporary international relations witness an ever-increasing tension between the United States and China. In an attempt to capture and conceptualize this trend, a new term was introduced in the IR academic discourse — a ‘Cold War 2.0’ (or new Cold War). Ambiguous and vague as it is, it may nevertheless be instrumental for the study of certain aspects of contemporary world politics. In particular, it allows one to consider the developments of the Korean Peninsula nuclear issue (KPNI) within the broader framework of emerging US-China confrontation. The first section examines current debates over the ‘Cold War 2.0’ concept both in Russian and foreign academic literature, and identifies its country-specific interpretations in the United States, Russia and the PRC. The second section shows that, despite its contested and controversial nature, the ‘Cold War 2.0’ concept provides useful insights on how concrete steps of global and regional actors aimed at enhancing their military capabilities are threatening to turn the Korean Peninsula into the arena of a new bipolar confrontation. In the third section, drawing on the Harvard negotiation model and the experience of 2005 Agreement, the author attempts to identify the zone of potential agreement on the KPNI under new conditions. The author concludes that both the leading powers and the countries of the Korean Peninsula utilize the ‘Cold War 2.0’ rhetoric to get additional domestic and foreign policy dividends. Thus, the DPRK relies upon the nuclear factor, while the Republic of Korea tries to balance between the great powers and to gain more weight in the international arena by building on the ‘medium power’ concept. In the long term, such policies are fraught with uncontrolled escalation that could lead to a new full-scale war on the Korean Peninsula.
Energy transition narratives in the European Union
Authors: Prokhorenko I. L.
Published: March 2023

Today, there is a broad international consensus on the need to ensure carbon neutrality and, more broadly, to address global environmental issues. By promoting increasingly stringent ecological standards and climate regulations in the energy sector and consistently forcing others to emulate its example, the European Union seeks to present itself as a normative power in this area. At the same time, the EU leaders face the need to mobilize public support for the idea of the sustainable climate-oriented transition in order to mitigate its negative economic and social effects. This, in turn, requires the construction and promotion of the compelling and unambiguous energy transition narrative designed to legitimize the EU’s environmental and energy policy. This paper identifies and examines the key elements of such a narrative propagated within the European Union, as well as assesses its perception by various groups of the European countries’ population. The author also outlines a few alternative ‘greentransition’ narratives, which have arisen as a reaction to both the deficiencies of the EU’s energy policy and the challenges posed by the Ukrainian crisis. The author concludes that the EU leaders and the non-governmental and non-profit actors backing them have managed to build a broad and solid public consensus around the official narrative of the energy transition. Under these conditions, one of the central objectives facing the EU leaders is to maintain and strengthen the attained level of public support for its policies, given new transition-related challenges to the territorial integrity and political cohesion of the union. The latter include high inflation rates and the general rise in the cost of living, negative tendencies in the labor market due to its structural transformation, as well as the growing economic heterogeneity of the member states.
Fundamental Study of MgB2 Superconducting Coil for Storage Devices
Authors: Dr. Swati Bhatnagar
Published: March 2023

The authors carried out a basic study on a power storage coil made of MgB2 superconducting wires which was expected to require less cooling and lower manufacturing costs. First, for manufacturing the storage coil, the basic characteristics of MgB2 superconducting wire were evaluated. The characteristics at 20 K under 1.5 T were a critical current of 170 A for the in-situ MgB2 wire and 200 A for the ex-situ MgB2 wire. Based on these results, MgB2 conductors and prototype storage coils were produced and their performance was evaluated. The prototype was successfully energized to 600 A under 1.5 T at less than 25 K, which are the basic requirements for several 10 kJ class coils, and there was no significant deterioration through conductor and coil processing.
Detection of DDoS Attack
Authors: Prof. B. V. Jadhav  , Mansi Mahamuni  , Akshata Ghodke  , Akshata Ghodke  , Vrushali Chavan
Published: March 2023

DOS Attacks or Denial Of Services Attack have become very common amongst Hackers who use them as a path to get fame and respect in the underground groups of the Internet. Denial of Service Attacks basically means denying valid Internet and Network users from using the services of the target network or server. It basically means, launching an attack, which will temporarily make the services, offered by the Network unusable to legitimate users. DOS attack use to stop legitimate user from accessing computer or web services. In others words one can describe a DOS attack, saying that a DOS attack is one in which you clog up so much memory on the target system that it cannot serve legitimate users. Or you send the target system data packets, which cannot be handled by it and thus causes it to either crash, reboot or more commonly deny services to legitimate users. We are making a software that is online DOS attack prevention which will protect the web servers.
Gods on the Road
Authors: Sharabi Asaf
Published: March 2023

After explaining how I became involved with this particular field, I describe
it, including its demography and caste system. In addition, I clarify
what people in the Western Himalayas mean when they say that their god
is also a king, by presenting the main characteristics of these royal gods.
A Stormy Biography
Authors: Sharabi Asaf
Published: March 2023

I begin by describing the initial appearance of Mahasu in his current
territory and how his territory expanded over time. I also present the
narratives of the locals with regard to the appearance of Mahasu, and I
draw a comparison between old narratives (from the era of the British
Raj) and modern narratives that I gathered during fieldwork. Finally, I
show how current myths and stories about Mahasu reveal a conceptual
change in Mahasu’s characteristics.
Dutch Politics, the Slavery-Based
Economy, and Theatrical Culture in 1800
Authors: Adams Sarah J.
Published: March 2023

This chapter clarifies some of the specific contexts in which the Dutch
“repertoire of slavery” was produced and perceived. The decades around
1800 saw significant political and philosophical change. Inspired by revolutionary
principles of freedom, integrity, and equality, people across the
globe combatted systems of injustice and oppression. In the Netherlands,
the Batavian Revolution led to the establishment of the Batavian Republic
and serious discussion of the slavery system in parliament. Colonial
oppression was denounced by some representatives, but the supposed
profitability of the slavery-based trade, together with racist beliefs,
eventually hampered prospects of abolition. The Dutch theater was the
most democratic cultural forum of the time and therefore an excellent
site to expose brutal realities and discuss alternatives.
Contented Fools: Ridiculing and Re-Commercializing Slavery
Authors: Adams Sarah J.
Published: March 2023

This chapter studies the convergence of pain and pleasure in Dutch
representations of slavery. It revisits De negers and analyzes Pantalon
planter and Paulus en Virginia to expose how antislavery sentiment
generated visions of Afro-diasporic people’s alleged congenital simplicity,
happy-go-lucky attitude, and servility, promoting good mastership
and simultaneously fortifying racial and social boundaries pending
legal measures against slavery. Besides distinct narrative tropes and
performative techniques such as distorted language and “exotic” scenes
of amusement, another key aspect was a focus on enslaved characters’
“Blackness”. Following a tentative outline of the changing praxes and
politics of Blackness in the Dutch theater of 1800, this chapter ultimately
proposes extending the history of blackface brutalities in the Netherlands
to predate mid-nineteenth-century minstrelsy and the Black Pete figure.
Arabic Speech Recognition Based on Encoder-Decoder Architecture of Transformer
Authors: Mohanad Sameer  , Ahmed Talib  , Alla Hussein
Published: March 2023

Recognizing and transcribing human speech has become an increasingly important task. Recently, researchers have been more interested in automatic speech recognition (ASR) using End to End models. Previous choices for the Arabic ASR architecture have been time-delay neural networks, recurrent neural networks (RNN), and long short-term memory (LSTM). Preview end-to-end approaches have suffered from slow training and inference speed because of the limitations of training parallelization, and they require a large amount of data to achieve acceptable results in recognizing Arabic speech This research presents an Arabic speech recognition based on a transformer encoder-decoder architecture with self-attention to transcribe Arabic audio speech segments into text, which can be trained faster with more efficiency. The proposed model exceeds the performance of previous end-to-end approaches when utilizing the Common Voice dataset from Mozilla. In this research, we introduced a speech-transformer model that was trained over 110 epochs using only 112 hours of speech. Although Arabic is considered one of the languages that are difficult to interpret by speech recognition systems, we achieved the best word error rate (WER) of 3.2 compared to other systems whose training requires a very large amount of data. The proposed system was evaluated on the common voice 8.0 dataset without using the language model.
Iraqi Stock Market Prediction Using Artificial Neural Network and Long Short-Term Memory
Authors: Sama Hayder Abdulhussein AlHakeem  , Nashaat Jasim Al-Anber  , Hayfaa Abdulzahra Atee
Published: March 2023

Stock prediction is one of the most important issues on which the investor relies in building his investment decisions and the financial literature has relied heavily on predicting future events because of its exceptional importance in financial work, after which profit or loss is determined, and since money dealers are eager to profit, the researchers have devoted techniques to forecast as providing the tools to achieve this. The choice of the proper model of time series data affects the precision of the predictions, and stock market data is typically random and turbulent for various industries. To obtain forecast models of stock market data that can accurately portray reality and obtain future forecasts, these models must take all data considerations from linear and none linear trends, different influences, and other data factors, hence the research problem of obtaining a method that gives predictions of Iraq's stock market indicators that are accurate and reliable in stock analysis. In this paper, two models were proposed to predict the Iraqi stock markets index through the use of artificial neural networks (ANN) and a long short-term memory (LSTM) algorithm where Iraqi stock market data were used from 2017 to 2021 and good results were achieved in the prediction where the long short-term memory (LSTM) algorithm reached a mean square error (MSE) rate of as little as 0.0016 while the artificial neural network (ANN) algorithm reached error rate 0.0055.
ANALISIS HUKUM MENGENAI PERLINDUNGAN SATWA LANGKA MENURUT CONVENTION ON INTERNATIONAL TRADE OF ENDANGERED SPESIES
Authors: Deppa Ringgi  , Suarni. S
Published: March 2023

Abstrak

 

Komunitas lokal mendapatkan keuntungan yang sangat sedikit dari perdagangan satwa liar, karena keuntungan besar didapat oleh pedagang. Penelitian in bertujuan menganalisis dan memperoleh pemahaman penerapan CITES dalam upaya perlindungan satwa langka dan faktor-faktor yang menjadi pendukung dan pengambat yang memengaruhi CITES dalam rangka upaya perlindungan satwa langka. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian hukum normatif, berupa penelitian terhadap asas-asas hukum, baik dalam hukum internasional maupun nasional menyangkut penerapa CITES dalam perlindungan satwa langka. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa (1) penerapan CITES terhadap perlindungan satwa langka telah diatur secara tegas dalam konvensi CITES 1973 dan Undang-Undang Nomor 5 Tahun 1990. Kerangka kerja dan mekanisme CITES dipakai bersama secara sistematis oleh 184 negara untuk mengatur dan memonitor perdagangan satwa dan (2) terdapat beberapa faktor yang memengaruhi CITES dalam upaya perlindungan satwa langka, yaitu cakupan hukum yang belum memadai, peran lembaga yang kurang efektif, ekonomi, budaya masyarakat dan pengalihan fungsi lahan.
KEBIJAKAN SINGLE SALARY DALAM UNDANG-UNDANG TENTANG APARATUR SIPIL NEGARA YANG BERPIJAK PADA KEADILAN DAN KELAYAKAN
Authors: Mohammad Iqbal Asshidiqii  , Priyana Puti
Published: March 2023

Ragam problematika serta dinamika mengenai hukum Kepegawaian di Indonesia kini semakin menuntut adanya suatu kebijakan yang lebih memberikan kesejahteraan dengan sistem penggajian yang layak serta berkeadilan. Didorong dengan adanya perubahan pada regulasi hukum bidang Kepegawaian, dimana UU tentang Aparatur Sipil Negara menghendaki suatu perubahan sistem penggajian pada PNS. Tukin yang dimiliki oleh KemenKeu sebagai yang tertinggi di Indonesia telah mengarah pada tindak pidana korupsi, artinya tidak memberikan jaminan bahwa Tukin yang besar mampu menjauhkan Pegawai dari tindakan yang bertentangan dengan hukum. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian yuridis dengan studi kepustakaan atas bahan hukum primer serta sekunder dan juga pendekatan peraturan perundang-undangan, pendekatan analitis, juga pendekatan konseptual menjadi metode penelitian dalam peneleitian ini. Mengingat pada kedudukan ASN sebagai bagian yang begitu sangat penting dalam roda Pemerintahan. Lewat UU tentang Aparatur Sipil Negara, ASN (PNS serta P3K) mendapatkan hak, kewajiban, serta tanggungjawabnya sebagai aparatur Pemerintahan yang memberikan pelayanan publik pada masyarakat. Besarnya tunjangan yang diberikan kepada Pegawai menunjukkan bahwa dalam kenyataannya, pemberian Tukin PNS belum didasarkan pada ukuran kinerja pegawai yang sebenarnya. Ukuran yang digunakan lebih didasarkan pada nilai-nilai dan perilaku yang sangat tidak terukur. Konsep single salary system sebagai suatu sistem yang dapat dianggap memihak serta mampu memberikan kesejahteraan yang berkeadilan serta layak bagi Pegawai.
PERLINDUNGAN HUKUM TERHADAP LANJUT USIA TERLANTAR DI KABUPATEN TORAJA UTARA
Authors: Liberthin Palullungan  , Astria Tonapa
Published: March 2023

Humans as creatures of God Almighty were created in His image and likeness so that they are said to be the most noble creatures. Humans in addition to having a relationship with God, also have a relationship with other humans, so that humans cannot live alone. This study aims to determine the legal protection of neglected elderly and to know the role of social services in handling cases of neglected elderly. This study uses research methods conducted by field research (Field Research) conducted at the Toraja Utara Social Service Office. This research is qualitative, where the types of data used are primary and secondary data. The results of this study indicate that neglected elderly victims are entitled to protection from the police, social workers, social worker services, companion volunteers, and also neglected elderly have rights and obligations that must be fulfilled both physically and spiritually where the role of the Social Service is needed to handle cases These are the facilitative role, the educational role, the representational role and the technical role.
KEDUDUKAN KLAUSULA BAKU DALAM PROSES JUAL BELI ANTARA KONSUMEN DAN PELAKU USAHA PADA PERUSAHAAN PROPERTY PERUMAHAN
Authors: Pata'dungan Sardis , Juweni Mangiri
Published: March 2023

In this country is on its way to Indonesian Gold 2045 experiencing many developments, especially in terms of buying and selling business. In society, where to live is very important. So many people want to buy a residential unit or housing unit. This study aims to determine the position of the standard clause in the process of buying and selling housing. The main problem in this thesis is the agreement that contains a clause that harms the consumer contained in the sale and purchase transaction which results in material loss by the consumer. This research method is using a normative juridical approach to literature. Normative juridical means research that refers to legal norms contained in laws and regulations and norms that apply in society or also concerning customs that apply in society. The technique of collecting data is by interviewing parties related to the application of standard clauses in the process of buying and selling residential properties, then law and consumer protection. The results of this study, namely the clauses that cause consumer losses in buying and selling housing are standard clauses that are prohibited in article 18 paragraph (1) because the standard clauses contained in buying and selling housing make consumers have no bargaining power during the buying and selling the process.
Implementation of Timber Legality Verification System (SVLK) Policy Post Free Certification Costs in the Small-Scale Timber Products Industry in North Luwu Regency
Authors: Hernita Hernita , Supratman Supratman , Alif KS Muhammad
Published: March 2023

The Government implements the SVLK to ensure that all wood products circulating and traded in Indonesia have a credible legal status. In large-scale industries, the implementation of the SVLK system has progressed quite well. In contrast, small-scale industries have various obstacles, such as the cost of certification. In 2019 the Government facilitated the Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) Industry by providing free certification. However, after the SVLK certification fee was waived, the South Sulawesi Provincial Forestry Service data stated that in North Luwu Regency, only a small number of industries already had Timber Legality Certificates (S-LK) because they were still experiencing some obstacles in its implementation. This study aims to identify the actors involved and their power relations in the SVLK certification process, analyze the response of small-scale timber forest product business license holders to the SVLK certification-free incentive policy, and analyze the factors driving and inhibiting SVLK implementation in Luwu Regency. North. This research was carried out in North Luwu Regency, and the object of the study was a timber forest product utilization business unit. The method used is descriptive qualitative and quantitative by using the FGD (Focus Group Discussion) approach. The results of this study indicate that the SVLK in North Luwu Regency has not been responded to well by business actors because the timber trade is locally originating from Community Forests and does not provide added value, so they consider SVLK unnecessary.
Human Resource Management Practices among Private Schools in Cebu City
Authors: Cempron Dr. Janice , R. Andrin Dr. Glenn , Chua Dr. Liza
Published: March 2023

This study evaluates the Human Resources Management Practices in selected private schools in Cebu City. Findings serve as basis for a proposed improvement program. This study employs a descriptive survey design to determine the perceptions of employees on the human resource development program among private schools. The profile of the respondents will be tested for relationship with the level of effectiveness of the human resources management practices. The perceptions of the respondents will be tested for differences. Effectiveness of Achieving Goal gained the highest level of effectiveness while HR Competencies lowest level of effectiveness among the 3 dimensions. This would mean that the respondents that came from the different schools made a high level of perceptions on the effectiveness on achieving goal. There is a significant degree of variance on the analysis of variance on the perceptions of the employees on the evaluation of the human resource development program of the school in terms of championing employees. A closer view revealed that Effectiveness of Achieving Goal gained the highest level of effectiveness while HR Competencies lowest level of effectiveness among the 3 dimensions. This would mean that the respondents that came from the different schools made a high level of perceptions on the effectiveness on achieving goal. Based on the findings of this study, it is recommended that a Human Resource Development Program will be implemented in order to increase the level of effectiveness of private schools in achieving its goals and the process of delivery of products and services as these will serve as benchmarks for improvement of administrative expertise, nurture and develop employees to its full potential for them to become passionate, effective and innovative non-teaching staff.
Non-timber Forest Product Accounting: Preliminary Estimates for community Forestry Business in South Sulawesi Indonesia
Authors: Makkarennu Makkarennu , Irnasari Irnasari , Rahmawati Vika , Fadillah Khaeril , Agus Salim Sakilah , Ernawati Lobo Emma , Caroline Adelia , Lestari Dian Ayu
Published: March 2023

The purpose of this study is to determine the potential and balance sheet utilization of non-timber forest products (NTFPs) in South Sulawesi community forest area. The study's location is in the community forest area neighborhood of Watang Bacukiki Village in the Bacukiki District of Pare Pare City, South Sulawesi. Data was collected through observation, interviews, and a questionnaire given to all group members (a 37-person census). In order to determine the final reserve amount, which will serve as an initial estimate for business development, the natural resource utilization balance is analyzed through a physical balance by calculating the amount of initial reserves in the research year, adding with planting, and then reducing by the amount of depletion or use. The results revealed that candlenut, coffee, cashew, cinnamon, cloves, and rhizomes are the NTFP categories that have the potential to be developed as sources of revenue for the community. Specifically, in the candlenut plant are the greatest final reserves to be discovered. In terms of ensuring the supply of raw materials for the survival of community forestry businesses, it is crucial to calculate the balance of forest resources.
TPACK in times of Emergency Remote Teaching: Status of Newly-Hired Public School Teachers
Authors: J. Dy Lawton
Published: March 2023

This study aimed to evaluate the status of newly-hired public school teachers in terms of their TPACK Components and Emergency Remote Teaching (ERT) as indicated in their e-learning readiness, perceived effectiveness, attitude, satisfaction, and anxiety. Quantitative research particularly the correlational research design was employed in this study. Thirty-four(34) purposefully selected newly hired public school teachers were the participants of the study. Results showed that among the TPACK components, those that have technology integration were among the areas where teacher-participants need major improvement. Their ERT Readiness scores showed 55.5% of the teacher-participants scored low in e-Learning Readiness, 55.9% scored moderately in perceived effectiveness, 73.5% were neutral in terms of attitude towards ERT, 58.8% moderately satisfied with ERT implementation, and 61.8% showed no anxiety. Findings showed a moderately positive and significant correlation between perceived effectiveness and attitude (r=.56, p<0.01); satisfaction and readiness (r=.35, p<0.05), satisfaction and perceived effectiveness (r=.34, p<0.05), attitude and anxiety (r=.34, p<0.05), but strongly positive and significant correlation between satisfaction and attitude (r=.69, p<0.01). Moreover, in terms of relationship between TPACK Components and ERT Indicators, a positive and significant correlation were also showed between perceived effectiveness and PK (r=.58, p<0.01), CK(r=.50, p<0.01), PCK(r=.48, p<0.01), and TCK(r=.40, p<0.05); and attitude between PK(r=.47, p<0.01) and PCK(r=.39, p<0.05The overall ERT readiness, where 56% of the teacher-participants scored low, is a product of the availability of ICT infrastructures in public schools, EdTech training, and pedagogical approaches in distance learning. It is recommended that the formulation of DepEd policies and programs are geared towards addressing these issues.
Fashion Design Entrepreneurship, Education and Youth Development among Selected Fashion Design Entrepreneurs in Ilorin Metropolis, Kwara State, Nigeria
Authors: Adebisi ALO Ebenezer , Abiodun AKINTARO Abel
Published: March 2023

The acquisition of entrepreneurial skills among Nigerian youths has been seen as a means of reducing unemployment in Nigeria. One of such skills which can enhance the competencies, self-reliance and development of the youths is fashion design entrepreneurship. The study examined the effect of fashion design entrepreneurship and education on youth development among selected fashion design entrepreneurs in Ilorin metropolis, Kwara State, Nigeria. The study employed a descriptive research design and the population of the study consisted of 120 fashion designers which were carefully selected through stratified and simple random sampling techniques in Ilorin metropolis. Total enumeration method was used to arrive at the sample size for the study and an adapted structured questionnaire was administered to the selected fashion design owners. The simple regression analysis was used to test the hypotheses generated for the study. Findings of the study revealed that education, financing and epleptic power supply have statistical significant effects on fashion design entrepreneurship and youth intentions. The study concluded that finance, business skills, production materials, machinery and equipment, lack of interest in fashion design, love for activities that can earn quick money, epleptic power supply and lack of connections for showcasing products are major challenges facing fashion design entrepreneurship. It recommended among others, that government should restructure the educational curricula in such a way as to open-up the system to allow for identification of the respective talents and flairs of the youths and redirecting and re-focusing their trainings in tandem with their respective inclinations.
A Review on Fatigue Mechanisms and Approaches for Hard metals
Authors: Moses Atwakyire
Published: March 2023

In this study, fatigue lifemechanisms and approaches for hard metals commonly known as cemented carbides that are supported by literature are reviewed on development of fatigue life technology methods. The hard metals materials are mainly used in engineering systems and failure due to fatigue is common phenomenon in engineering materials.The fatigue crack growth therefore plays very important role towards fatigue failure mechanisms and this remains a setback to engineering fraternity as far as usage of these hard metals are concerned. The fatigue process occurs when a material is subjected to fluctuating stress and strain, this may lead to failure when it accumulates loading due to cumulative damage, multiaxial and variable loading. The Crack initiation growth and micro-mechanisms of damage during fatigue growth with optimization of fatigue life technology approaches and fracture growth resistance are main focus of this review article. Thee review of this paper is based on fatigue life mechanisms adoption methodsfor hard metals with novelty of Crack Tip opening displacement technologyand its implementation in various systems will ought to assist technologists in extraordinary broad programs.In conclusion cumulative damage, fatigue mechanisms, multiaxial amplitude loading and fatigue crack growth mechanics techniques are important andan appropriate fatigue life technology mechanisms methods. Eventually these review article will give potential information on fatigue life technology adoption methods and this helps future researcher and technologists to consider the fatigue life models and these ideas will impact on future application of fatigue life failure mechanisms.