bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Mass scale calibration of TOF‐SIMS spectra with molecular ions of internal additives
Authors: Kobayashi Daisuke , Aoyagi Satoka , Otomo Shinya , Itoh Hiroto
Published: August 2016

The applicability of internal additives for mass scale calibration in time‐of‐flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (TOF‐SIMS) was studied. Relation between the ions selected for mass scale calibration and the relative mass accuracy of the target molecular ions was investigated. Didecyldimethylammonium bromide (dC10DMA+Br−), dioctadecyldimethylammonium chloride (dC18DMA+Cl−) and tetradecyltrimethylammonium chloride (C14TMA+Cl−) as target molecules and octadecyltrimethylammonium chloride (C18TMA+Cl−) as an internal additive were prepared for positive TOF‐SIMS spectra. Tinuvin 770 as a target molecule and sodium hexadecyl sulfate (C16OSO3−Na+) as an internal additive were used to evaluate negative TOF‐SIMS spectra. In the case of dC10DMA+Br−, dC18DMA+Cl− and Tinuvin 770, the relative mass accuracy of the target molecular ions tends to be improved by mass scale calibration using the molecular ion of the internal additive. The relative mass accuracy of the molecular ion of the target ensured by the mass scale calibration using internal additives was less than approximately ±46 ppm. In some cases, however, internal additives highly effect on samples and change the sample properties because of coverage of the sample, removing a target molecule or causing matrix effects. It is necessary to evaluate the influence of the internal additive addition before applying internal additives. The detection of target ion peak should be especially confirmed after the addition of the internal additive. When samples are not influenced by internal additive addition, the internal additive method is effective for accurate mass calibration. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
High resolution electron energy loss spectroscopy of spin waves in ultra‐thin cobalt films
Authors: Michel Eugen , Ibach Harald , Schneider Claus M.
Published: August 2016

Electron energy loss spectroscopy has successfully established itself as the experimental method to study exchange‐dominated, high‐momentum spin waves in ultra‐thin films. Because of insufficient energy resolution, previous studies were limited to spin waves in the high energy range and to wave vectors larger than about q|| = 0.4 Å−1. In this regime, spin waves are strongly damped by decay into Stoner excitations. Furthermore, the spin wave signal of a multilayer film consists of several overlapping modes. After implementation of several technical modifications, our electron spectrometer now enables the study of spin waves with an energy resolution down to 2 meV, and thereby the discrimination of several spin wave modes in ultra‐thin films as well as the study of the intrinsic width of modes down to 1 meV. Examples are presented for fcc and hcp cobalt films and discussed in terms of current theoretical models. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Bayesian joint ordinal and survival modeling for breast cancer risk assessment
Authors: Armero C. , Forné C. , Rué M. , Forte A. , Perpiñán H. , Gómez G. , Baré M.
Published: August 2016

We propose a joint model to analyze the structure and intensity of the association between longitudinal measurements of an ordinal marker and time to a relevant event. The longitudinal process is defined in terms of a proportional‐odds cumulative logit model. Time‐to‐event is modeled through a left‐truncated proportional‐hazards model, which incorporates information of the longitudinal marker as well as baseline covariates. Both longitudinal and survival processes are connected by means of a common vector of random effects.

General inferences are discussed under the Bayesian approach and include the posterior distribution of the probabilities associated to each longitudinal category and the assessment of the impact of the baseline covariates and the longitudinal marker on the hazard function. The flexibility provided by the joint model makes possible to dynamically estimate individual event‐free probabilities and predict future longitudinal marker values.

The model is applied to the assessment of breast cancer risk in women attending a population‐based screening program. The longitudinal ordinal marker is mammographic breast density measured with the Breast Imaging Reporting and Data System (BI‐RADS) scale in biennial screening exams. © 2016 The Authors. Statistics in Medicine Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
Development of an innovative sandwich plate for trough‐type railway bridges
Authors: Steurer Marlene , Petraschek Thomas , Fink Josef
Published: August 2016

Substitute structures for old railway bridges with open railway tracks, which are constructed in accordance with valid European standards and regulations, require a specific, suitable deck slab design. Therefore, a composite plate with cellular longitudinal shear connectors and a low overall depth of 200 mm has been investigated at the Research Centre of Steel Structures (TU Wien). The research programme comprised experimental studies as well as additional numerical analyses by means of the finite element method concerning the shear force transmission‐mechanism of the sandwich design. Laboratory studies included, among other issues, information about the failure mechanism in the core concrete. This article provides a description of the test program and gives a brief summary of selected research results. A short overview on continuing research activities to determine the serviceability, the load‐bearing capacity as well as the fatigue strength of the sandwich plate is presented.
Crossing motorways under traffic without intermediate piers
Authors: Berthellemy Jacques , Schavits David , Erre Charlotte
Published: August 2016

The European research programme SBRI attempted to reveal the costs caused during the service life of a bridge – direct costs for the bridge owner as well as indirect costs for users. The principal results of SBRI should make it possible to take better account of the true costs of a central pier by considering the risks in the construction phase and those that may threaten the highway overpass during its service life.

CEREMA has developed two economic solutions to reach the objective of avoiding the central pier:

The solution implemented at Ko Wé Kara in New Caledonia is a steel‐concrete composite tied arch bridge with innovative and economic details:

innovative radial hangers made of welded plates, and

innovative reinforcement against accidental impact of over‐height vehicles.

One other possible solution is the composite steel‐concrete gantry bridge. The European research programme PRECOBEAM allowed the use of tests and experimental projects to finalize a new system of connection to lower the cost of this type of structure: a strip along which the cutting line of the steel dowels is made in a clothoid shape (CL), which improves the fatigue resistance. CEREMA introduced this innovation in its research programme.

A composite structure can take various forms. It can associate, for instance, the steel web of a beam directly with a concrete flange. It can also constitute a composite deck with a bottom plate stiffened by connecting CL‐shape indented strips. An outstanding project of this type in New Caledonia is described in detail. Of course, this type of bridge is an integral bridge and the article includes some recommendations for the design and construction of integral bridges.
Free‐form on every scale
Authors: Helbig Thorsten , Riederer Jochen , Kamp Florian , Oppe Matthias
Published: August 2016

The Bory Mall Shopping Centre, designed by the Italian architect Massimiliano Fuksas, is a mixed use development located on the outskirts of Bratislava, Slovakia.

The roof to the shopping mall's central plaza is a free‐form steel gridshell. The concept for its shape is consistent from the footprint to the shape of the grid nodes. The gridshell is assembled from standard rolled steel hollow sections but uses the freedom created by individually shaped CNC‐milled grid nodes to achieve a smooth transition between high slenderness at the bottom and the necessary stiffness at the top.

Working in close collaboration with Massimiliano Fuksas Architects, Knippers Helbig provided support for the development of the roof structure right from the start of the project and rounded off their services by providing detailed design of the free‐form central ”Tornado“ façade grid nodes, which were fabricated and built by Metal Yapi.
Transformations of Organic Molecules over Metal Surfaces: Insights from Computational Catalysis
Authors: Moskaleva Lyudmila , Chiu Cheng‐chau , Genest Alexander , Rösch Notker
Published: August 2016

Much‐needed progress in catalytic science, in particular regarding heterogeneous catalysis, is associated with the transition from largely empirical research to rational design of new and improved catalysts and catalytic processes. To achieve this goal, fundamental atomic‐scale understanding of catalytic processes is required, which can be achieved with the help of theoretical modeling, in particular, using methods based on quantum chemical calculations. In this review we illustrate the current progress by discussing examples from the authors’ work in which complex reaction networks involving organic molecules on transition‐metal surfaces have been studied using density functional theory. We review some of the success stories where theory helped to interpret experimental observations and provided atomistic insights into the mechanisms, which were not definitively known before. In other cases, partial disagreement between theoretical results and existing experimental evidence calls for further reconciliation studies.
Quantifying Sources of Risk in Global Food Operations and Supply Chain
Authors: Enyinda Chris I. , Mbah Chris H.
Published: August 2016

The food industry plays a significant role in food supply. However, it is increasingly facing a significant number of risks to tackle. This article provides insight into sources and quantification of risk, which can restrict food operations and supply chain performance. Certainly, risks imposed by today's constantly changing global environment makes it imperative for food and agribusiness firms to develop purposeful proactive and predictive risk management for their global supply chains. We proposed the analytic hierarchy process (AHP) model to analyze sources of risks attached to the focal firm's global food operations and supply chain. The identified risks were from a review of relevant literature, expert opinions from the focal firm supply chain C‐level executive, and consultants in the food industry. We grouped the identified risks into seven categories and discussed the risk mitigation strategies. We validated the proposed model using a case study involving a focal food and agribusiness firm with global presence. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Neueste technologische Entwicklungen für die Analyse von zirkulierender Tumor-DNA
Authors: Ulz Peter , Geigl Jochen B. , Speicher Michael R. , Heitzer Ellen
Published: August 2016

Die Analyse von zirkulierender Tumor-DNA, zusammen mit der Analyse von zirkulierenden Tumorzellen auch oft Liquid Biopsy genannt, ist ein sich rasch entwickelndes Feld in der medizinischen Forschung. Obwohl es von der Entdeckung der zellfreien DNA bis hin zur Erkenntnis, dass sie sich als Biomarker eignet, Jahrzehnte gedauert hat, wurde der klinische Nutzen der ctDNA hinsichtlich der Überwachung des Therapieansprechens, der Identifizierung von Resistenzmechanismen und neu aufkommenden Therapiezielen sowie der Detektion von minimaler Resterkrankung mittlerweile in unzähligen Studien bewiesen.

Aufgrund der hohen Variabilität, mit der ctDNA in der Zirkulation vorkommt, sowie der starken Fragmentierung, stellt die ctDNA aber einen schwierigen Analyten dar. In den letzten Jahren haben erhebliche technologische Fortschritte dazu beigetragen, dass eine Routineanwendung der ctDNA-Analysen tatsächlich realisierbar wird, sofern eine Reihe von regulatorischen Hürden überwunden wird.
Numerical modeling of adhesion and adhesive failure during unidirectional contact between metallic surfaces
Authors: Bortoleto Eleir M. , Prados Erika F. , Seriacopi Vanessa , Fukumasu Newton K. , da S. Lima Luiz G. D. B. , Machado Izabel F. , Souza Roberto M.
Published: August 2016

In this work, we developed a finite element modeling approach to study adhesion during unidirectional contact between a two-dimensional plane-strain square and a flat slab. The surfaces were metallic or ceramic, and we analyzed different pairs of materials and their adhesion intensity using a FORTRAN subroutine (DLOAD) connected to a commercial finite element code Abaqus, which provided the surface attractive forces based on the Lennard-Jones interatomic potential using Hamaker constants. We considered adhesive loads during both the approach and separation of the surfaces. During the separation step, we modeled the material transfer between surfaces due to adhesion with respect to damage initiation and propagation at the flat slab. The parameters considered in the simulations include normal load, chemical affinity, and system size, and we analyzed different conditions by comparing the interaction forces during approach and withdrawal. This work also presents: (i) a description of the evolution of energy dissipation due to adhesion hysteresis, (ii) the formation–growth–breakage process of the adhesive junctions and the material transfer between surfaces, and (iii) an adhesive wear map based on a proposed novel equation that correlates the material parameters and material loss due to adhesion. The results indicate that the chemical affinity between bodies in contact is more related to adhesion than the applied load. In addition, the ratio between the material strength and elastic modulus seems to be an important factor in reducing adhesive wear.
The evolution of local instability regions in turbulent non-premixed flames
Authors: Dagan Y. , Arad E. , Tambour Y.
Published: August 2016

Unsteady turbulent flame evolution in non-premixed combustion has been computationally investigated using large eddy simulations. A simple coaxial combustion chamber, subjected to highly unsteady, turbulent recirculating flow is considered, following the experimental study of Owen et al. (Proc. Combust. Inst., vol. 16, 1976, pp. 105–117). Large-scale flame fluctuations, reported in the above experimental study, such as pulsating flames in swirling and non-swirling conditions, were identified here in our computation. New criteria for flame three-dimensional inhomogeneity are suggested and implemented in the present study, providing the ability to quantify the flame unsteadiness. Using this technique, it is shown that local, large quenched regions develop in the flame’s mixing area and rotate continuously, even when swirl is not imposed on the inlet. However, this rotation appears to be disordered, abruptly changing its direction. On the other hand, our study shows that when swirl is imposed on the inlet, a larger quenched region is identified, rotating in steady ordered rotation in the direction of the imposed swirl. In addition, large-scale radial flame fluctuations are increased downstream with the increase of swirl number. Consequently, significant correlations between radial and circumferential flame fluctuation frequencies were retrieved. Proper orthogonal decomposition analysis reveals coherent flame structures of five dominant modes that contain most of the energy in the fluctuating flame. A simplified analytical stability model is derived and implemented here to assess the hydrodynamic contribution to the flame instability; it is shown that radial fluctuations are excited by circumferential perturbations in the mixing region, providing new insight into the mechanism responsible for the onset of radial fluctuations. The computed radial flame fluctuation spectrum is predicted well using the linear stability analysis. Thus, our findings may therefore be applicable to a large class of non-premixed turbulent combustion problems.
INTEGRATING SCIENTIFIC AND LOCAL SOILS KNOWLEDGE TO EXAMINE OPTIONS BY CONTEXT INTERACTIONS FOR PHOSPHORUS ADDITION TO LEGUMES IN AN ANDEAN AGROECOSYSTEM
Authors: VANEK STEVEN J. , DRINKWATER LAURIE E.
Published: August 2016

This research sought to link Andean soil knowledge and farmer categorization of soil fertility to soil science characterization of soils, and use these to understand the impacts of phosphorus (P) fertilization of legumes using rock phosphate and soluble P fertilizer in 17 smallholder-managed sites with varying soil properties. We found that farmer high/low categorization of soils corresponded to soil P fertility and distance from farmer dwellings. Measures of soil P fertility also were inversely related to mycorrhizal colonization of vetch roots and directly related to the potential for P release by legume residues (C:P ratio). However, particular soil properties (texture and calcium phosphate pools) were better in explaining the response of legume biological nitrogen fixation to P addition, with maximal impacts in low-clay soils and soils with low calcium phosphates, as assessed with a dilute HCl extraction. In these conducive contexts, legume BNF increased 67 and 150% for RP and TSP, respectively (p < 0.05), with similar increases in biomass P stocks that showed promise for soil regeneration. In low-P fields, added P increased potential P release from legume residues via lower C:P ratios (p < 0.05). Percent cover of soil increased from 35% in the control to 45 and 55% with RP and TSP (p < 0.05), which shows potential for reduced erosion risk under P fertilization of legumes. We discuss results with respect to the integration of local farmer knowledge systems with exogenous scientific knowledge.
SELF-DETERMINATION AND FOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENT: REIMAGINING SOVEREIGNTY IN INTERNATIONAL INVESTMENT LAW
Authors: Guntrip Edward
Published: August 2016

International investment law can be criticized for its understanding of sovereignty. Informed by the works of Koskenniemi, this article reimagines ‘sovereignty’ based on a host State population exercising its right to economic self-determination. Recent transparency initiatives in international investment law support this conceptualization of sovereignty. Further, the stance taken aligns with the continuous evolution of the international investment law regime. The establishment of a different perspective on sovereignty in international investment law highlights the need for an alternative understanding of this term if international investment law is to achieve widespread approval.
TheQiaopiTrade and Its Role in Modern China and the Chinese Diaspora: Toward an Alternative Explanation of “Transnational Capitalism”
Authors: Liu Hong , Benton Gregor
Published: August 2016

This essay takes issue with the idea that the trade in remittance letters (qiaopi侨批) was a modern form of “transnational capitalism” that relied on trust in a system of impersonal rules rather than “a distinctive form of ‘Chinese capitalism’” dependent on cultural or familial affinities, and thatqiaopitraders used instrumental economic practices to transnationalize their businesses. The essay aims to identify alternatives to modern capitalism that are, at the same time, robustly cosmopolitan, and for which modernity is multiple rather than modular. Ethnicity and identity matter greatly in diasporic Chinese business culture, as sources of entrepreneurial resilience and creativity, especially in the early stages of diaspora formation. Far from forming an obstacle to economic growth and technological innovation, business familism, social networks, and their associated cultural values can be shown, at least in some periods and contexts, to have assisted economic development in Chinese societies at home and abroad, by enabling social mobility, furthering family interests, building partnerships, facilitating contracts, and promoting other practices proper to a modern market economy.
Maternal prenatal depression is associated with decreased placental expression of the imprinted gene PEG3
Authors: Janssen A. B. , Capron L. E. , O'Donnell K. , Tunster S. J. , Ramchandani P. G. , Heazell A. E. P. , Glover V. , John R. M.
Published: August 2016

Background

Maternal prenatal stress during pregnancy is associated with fetal growth restriction and adverse neurodevelopmental outcomes, which may be mediated by impaired placental function. Imprinted genes control fetal growth, placental development, adult behaviour (including maternal behaviour) and placental lactogen production. This study examined whether maternal prenatal depression was associated with aberrant placental expression of the imprinted genes paternally expressed gene 3 (PEG3), paternally expressed gene 10 (PEG10), pleckstrin homology-like domain family a member 2 (PHLDA2) and cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 1C (CDKN1C), and resulting impaired placental human placental lactogen (hPL) expression.

Method

A diagnosis of depression during pregnancy was recorded from Manchester cohort participants’ medical notes (n = 75). Queen Charlotte's (n = 40) and My Baby and Me study (MBAM) (n = 81) cohort participants completed the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale self-rating psychometric questionnaire. Villous trophoblast tissue samples were analysed for gene expression.

Results

In a pilot study, diagnosed depression during pregnancy was associated with a significant reduction in placental PEG3 expression (41%, p = 0.02). In two further independent cohorts, the Queen Charlotte's and MBAM cohorts, placental PEG3 expression was also inversely associated with maternal depression scores, an association that was significant in male but not female placentas. Finally, hPL expression was significantly decreased in women with clinically diagnosed depression (44%, p < 0.05) and in those with high depression scores (31% and 21%, respectively).

Conclusions

This study provides the first evidence that maternal prenatal depression is associated with changes in the placental expression of PEG3, co-incident with decreased expression of hPL. This aberrant placental gene expression could provide a possible mechanistic explanation for the co-occurrence of maternal depression, fetal growth restriction, impaired maternal behaviour and poorer offspring outcomes.
Changes in functional connectivity of the amygdala during cognitive reappraisal predict symptom reduction during trauma-focused cognitive–behavioral therapy among adolescent girls with post-traumatic stress disorder
Authors: Cisler J. M. , Sigel B. A. , Steele J. S. , Smitherman S. , Vanderzee K. , Pemberton J. , Kramer T. L. , Kilts C. D.
Published: August 2016

Background

While trauma-focused cognitive–behavioral therapy (TF-CBT) is the ‘gold standard’ treatment for pediatric post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), little is known about the neural mechanisms by which TF-CBT produces clinical benefit. Here, we test the hypothesis that PTSD symptom reduction during TF-CBT among adolescent girls with PTSD is associated with changes in patterns of brain functional connectivity (FC) with the amygdala during cognitive reappraisal.

Method

Adolescent girls with PTSD related to physical or sexual assault (n = 34) were enrolled in TF-CBT, delivered in an approximately 12-session format, in an open trial. Before and after treatment, they were engaged in a cognitive reappraisal task, probing neural mechanisms of explicit emotion regulation, during 3 T functional magnetic resonance imaging.

Results

Among adolescent girls completing TF-CBT with usable pre- and post-treatment scans (n = 20), improvements in self-reported emotion from pre- to post-treatment were positively related to improvements in PTSD symptoms. Adolescent girls with greater post-treatment symptom reduction were also able to suppress amygdala–insula FC while re-appraising, which was not evident in girls with less symptom reduction. Pre- to post-treatment changes in right amygdala to left insula FC that scaled with PTSD symptom reduction also scaled with improvements in emotion regulation.

Conclusions

These preliminary results suggest the neurocircuitry mechanisms through which TF-CBT produces clinical outcomes, providing putative brain targets for augmenting TF-CBT response.
A role for flies (Diptera) in the transmission ofCampylobacterto broilers?
Authors: ROYDEN A. , WEDLEY A. , MERGA J. Y. , RUSHTON S. , HALD B. , HUMPHREY T. , WILLIAMS N. J.
Published: August 2016

Campylobacteris the leading cause of bacterial diarrhoeal disease worldwide, with raw and undercooked poultry meat and products the primary source of infection. Colonization of broiler chicken flocks withCampylobacterhas proved difficult to prevent, even with high levels of biosecurity. Dipteran flies are proven carriers ofCampylobacterand their ingress into broiler houses may contribute to its transmission to broiler chickens. However, this has not been investigated in the UK.Campylobacterwas cultured from 2195 flies collected from four UK broiler farms. Of flies cultured individually, 0·22% [2/902, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0–0·53] were positive by culture forCampylobacterspp. Additionally, 1293 flies were grouped by family and cultured in 127 batches: 4/127 (3·15%, 95% CI 0·11-6·19) from three broiler farms were positive forCampylobacter. Multilocus sequence typing of isolates demonstrated that the flies were carrying broiler-associated sequence types, responsible for human enteric illness. Malaise traps were used to survey the dipteran species diversity on study farms and also revealed up to 612 flies present around broiler-house ventilation inlets over a 2-h period. Therefore, despite the low prevalence ofCampylobactercultured from flies, the risk of transmission by this route may be high, particularly during summer when fly populations are greatest.
A meeting point of entropy and bifurcations in cross-diffusion herding
Authors: JÜNGEL ANSGAR , KUEHN CHRISTIAN , TRUSSARDI LARA
Published: August 2016

A cross-diffusion system modelling the information herding of individuals is analysed in a bounded domain with no-flux boundary conditions. The variables are the species' density and an influence function which modifies the information state of the individuals. The cross-diffusion term may stabilize or destabilize the system. Furthermore, it allows for a formal gradient-flow or entropy structure. Exploiting this structure, the global-in-time existence of weak solutions and the exponential decay to the constant steady state is proved in certain parameter regimes. This approach does not extend to all parameters. We investigate local bifurcations from homogeneous steady states analytically to determine whether this defines the validity boundary. This analysis shows that generically there is a gap in the parameter regime between the entropy approach validity and the first local bifurcation. Next, we use numerical continuation methods to track the bifurcating non-homogeneous steady states globally and to determine non-trivial stationary solutions related to herding behaviour. In summary, we find that the main boundaries in the parameter regime are given by the first local bifurcation point, the degeneracy of the diffusion matrix and a certain entropy decay validity condition. We study several parameter limits analytically as well as numerically, with a focus on the role of changing a linear damping parameter as well as a parameter controlling the cross-diffusion. We suggest that our paradigm of comparing bifurcation-generated obstructions to the parameter validity of global-functional methods could also be of relevance for many other models beyond the one studied here.
OTTO NEURATH AND THE LINGUISTIC TURN IN ECONOMICS
Authors: Turk Michael
Published: August 2016

In the history of economic thought Otto Neurath, who is known foremost for spearheading the development of the Vienna Circle of philosophers, has served largely as a foil for his advocacy of in-kind calculation and economic planning. Yet Neurath, who was trained as an economist and wrote extensively about economics, including its philosophical foundations, held an abiding interest in the use of language in science, and was strongly influenced by turn-of-the-twentieth-century conventionalists, among them Henri Poincaré and Pierre Duhem. Consequently, Neurath’s critique of what he saw as the conceptual flaws of economics and its too narrow framework as price theory was rooted as much in its imprecise and ‘unsorted’ use of language as in his critical view of capitalism. As such, he anticipated the ‘linguistic turn’ in economics that gained prominence only a half-century later, without any recognition of his presaging role.
CONNECTIVITY AND ECONOMIC GROWTH
Authors: van Zon Adriaan , Mupela Evans
Published: August 2016

We present a simple theoretical model that illustrates the benefits of regional connectivity and specialization for growth. Starting with one community, we show how welfare measured by utility per head increases as the number of connected communities increases. We assume a common connectivity infrastructure through which a central planner is able to add new communities to the pool of already connected communities, a costly but rewarding activity that is funded by levying a tax on those already connected. We find that increasing production costs lead to faster transitions toward the steady state, whereas increasing transportation and communication costs tend to lengthen the transition. The results point to reductions in transportation and communication costs, in particular, as a suitable vehicle for speeding up growth and underline the existence of a positive scale effect that induces integration and reinforces both transitional and steady state growth.
Psoriasis – effiziente Diagnose und Therapie
Authors: Kolios Antonios G. A. , Cozzio Antonio
Published: August 2016

Zusammenfassung. Psoriasis (Schuppenflechte) stellt eine der häufigsten Diagnosen des dermatologischen Alltags dar und betrifft ca. 2–3 % der kaukasischen Bevölkerung. Die Diagnose wird in der Regel anhand von klinischem Bild und Histologie gestellt. Therapien umfassen topische Steroide, häufig kombiniert mit Vitamin-D-Derivaten, entschuppender Therapie sowie Rückfettung; im Weiteren bei mittelschwerer bis schwerer Psoriasis Lichttherapie sowie Systemtherapien. Die Systemtherapien werden unterteilt in small molecules (Methotrexat, Fumarsäure-Ester, Acitretin, Ciclosporin A, Apremilast) und Biologika (TNF-Blocker Etanercept, Adalimumab, Infliximab, p40-Inhibitor Ustekinumab und IL-17-Inhibitor Secukinumab). Komorbiditäten wie Psoriasis-Arthritis, kardiovaskuläre Erkrankungen sowie Depression sind häufig mit Psoriasis assoziiert. Die Forschung der letzten Jahre brachte zahlreiche neue effektive und gut verträgliche Medikamente auf den Markt, die einen guten Behandlungserfolg der Patienten ermöglichen können.
Das Prostatakarzinom: aktuelle Diagnostik und Therapiestandard
Authors: Brachlow Jan , Kälin Martin , Randazzo Marco , Förster Beat , John Hubert
Published: August 2016

Zusammenfassung. Das Prostatakarzinom zeigt eine hohe Prävalenz und ist daher für die behandelnden Ärzte medizinisch, aber auch gesundheitspolitisch relevant. PSA-Screening senkt die karzinomspezifische Mortalität, ist jedoch aufgrund der hohen Prävalenz mit einer Überdiagnostik verbunden. Dies fordert im Gegenzug einen verantwortungsbewussten Umgang mit dem PSA-Test («smarter screening»). Durch die robotergestützte Prostatektomie steht eine Therapie mit geringer Morbidität zur Behandlung des lokalisierten Prostatakarzinoms zur Verfügung. Das fokale Behandlungskonzept der HIFU (high-intensity focused ultrasound) ist vielversprechend, jedoch noch klinisch experimentell und sollte im Rahmen von Studien angeboten werden. Die Behandlungsmöglichkeiten beim metastasierten Prostatakarzinom wurden entscheidend vervielfältigt. Chemotherapie und die sekundäre Hormontherapie werden voraussichtlich vermehrt in früheren Phasen der Krankheit eine Rolle spielen, wodurch die Therapie für den einzelnen Patienten immer komplexer wird und individuell angepasst werden muss.
The Bicultural Phenomenon
Authors: Schindler Simon , Reinhard Marc-André , Knab Martin , Stahlberg Dagmar
Published: August 2016

Abstract. Cross-cultural research has indicated that bicultural individuals switch their behavioral patterns according to situational cultural frames. Based on self-categorization theory and evidence that being prototypical for an ingroup can increase ingroup identification, we investigated the idea that when being prototypical for a specific culture, bicultural individuals switch their cultural identification toward the culture for which they are prototypical. According to previous findings, we additionally investigated the moderating role of perceived cultural compatibility. In this study, we manipulated cultural group prototypicality by giving immigrant Polish-German participants test performance feedback. As hypothesized, participants either showed increased identification with the German culture when the feedback rendered them prototypically German, or with the Polish culture when the feedback rendered them prototypically Polish. This effect was moderated by perceived cultural compatibility. Implications for a self-enhancement motive are discussed.
Systemic chromosome instability in Shugoshin-1 mice resulted in compromised glutathione pathway, activation of Wnt signaling and defects in immune system in the lung
Authors: Yamada H Y , Kumar G , Zhang Y , Rubin E , Lightfoot S , Dai W , Rao C V
Published: August 2016

Mitotic error-mediated chromosome instability (CIN) can lead to aneuploidy, chromothripsis, DNA damage and/or whole chromosome gain/loss. CIN may prompt rapid accumulation of mutations and genomic alterations. Thus, CIN can promote carcinogenesis. This CIN process results from a mutation in certain genes or environmental challenge such as smoking, and is highly prevalent in various cancers, including lung cancer. A better understanding of the effects of CIN on carcinogenesis will lead to novel methods for cancer prevention and treatment. Previously Shugoshin-1 (Sgo1−/+) mice, a transgenic mouse model of CIN, showed mild proneness to spontaneous lung and liver cancers. In this study, adoptive (T/B-cell based) immunity-deficient RAG1−/− Sgo1−/+ double mutant mice developed lung adenocarcinomas more aggressively than did Sgo1−/+ or RAG1−/− mice, suggesting immune system involvement in CIN-mediated lung carcinogenesis. To identify molecular causes of the lung adenocarcinoma, we used systems biology approach, comparative RNAseq, to RAG1−/− and RAG1−/− Sgo1−/+. The comparative RNAseq data and follow-up analyses in the lungs of naive Sgo1−/+ mice demonstrate that, (i) glutathione is depleted, making the tissue vulnerable to oxidative stress, (ii) spontaneous DNA damage is increased, (iii) oncogenic Wnt signaling is activated, (iv) both major branches of the immune system are weakened through misregulations in signal mediators such as CD80 and calreticulin and (v) the actin cytoskeleton is misregulated. Overall, the results show multi-faceted roles of CIN in lung carcinoma development in Sgo1−/+ mice. Our model presents various effects of CIN and will help to identify potential targets to prevent CIN-driven carcinogenesis in the lung.
Genome sequencing of a single tardigrade Hypsibius dujardini individual
Authors: Arakawa Kazuharu , Yoshida Yuki , Tomita Masaru
Published: August 2016

Tardigrades are ubiquitous microscopic animals that play an important role in the study of metazoan phylogeny. Most terrestrial tardigrades can withstand extreme environments by entering an ametabolic desiccated state termed anhydrobiosis. Due to their small size and the non-axenic nature of laboratory cultures, molecular studies of tardigrades are prone to contamination. To minimize the possibility of microbial contaminations and to obtain high-quality genomic information, we have developed an ultra-low input library sequencing protocol to enable the genome sequencing of a single tardigrade Hypsibius dujardini individual. Here, we describe the details of our sequencing data and the ultra-low input library preparation methodologies.
Mapping internal connectivity through human migration in malaria endemic countries
Authors: Sorichetta Alessandro , Bird Tom J. , Ruktanonchai Nick W. , zu Erbach-Schoenberg Elisabeth , Pezzulo Carla , Tejedor Natalia , Waldock Ian C. , Sadler Jason D. , Garcia Andres J. , Sedda Luigi , Tatem Andrew J.
Published: August 2016

Human mobility continues to increase in terms of volumes and reach, producing growing global connectivity. This connectivity hampers efforts to eliminate infectious diseases such as malaria through reintroductions of pathogens, and thus accounting for it becomes important in designing global, continental, regional, and national strategies. Recent works have shown that census-derived migration data provides a good proxy for internal connectivity, in terms of relative strengths of movement between administrative units, across temporal scales. To support global malaria eradication strategy efforts, here we describe the construction of an open access archive of estimated internal migration flows in endemic countries built through pooling of census microdata. These connectivity datasets, described here along with the approaches and methods used to create and validate them, are available both through the WorldPop website and the WorldPop Dataverse Repository.
Spatially-explicit models of global tree density
Authors: Glick Henry B. , Bettigole Charlie , Maynard Daniel S. , Covey Kristofer R. , Smith Jeffrey R. , Crowther Thomas W.
Published: August 2016

Remote sensing and geographic analysis of woody vegetation provide means of evaluating the distribution of natural resources, patterns of biodiversity and ecosystem structure, and socio-economic drivers of resource utilization. While these methods bring geographic datasets with global coverage into our day-to-day analytic spheres, many of the studies that rely on these strategies do not capitalize on the extensive collection of existing field data. We present the methods and maps associated with the first spatially-explicit models of global tree density, which relied on over 420,000 forest inventory field plots from around the world. This research is the result of a collaborative effort engaging over 20 scientists and institutions, and capitalizes on an array of analytical strategies. Our spatial data products offer precise estimates of the number of trees at global and biome scales, but should not be used for local-level estimation. At larger scales, these datasets can contribute valuable insight into resource management, ecological modelling efforts, and the quantification of ecosystem services.
Achieving a balance between small singlet–triplet energy splitting and high fluorescence radiative rate in a quinoxaline-based orange-red thermally activated delayed fluorescence emitter
Authors: Yu Ling , Wu Zhongbin , Xie Guohua , Zhong Cheng , Zhu Zece , Cong Hengjiang , Ma Dongge , Yang Chuluo
Published: August 2016

This work presents a judicious design strategy for an orange/red thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) emitter.
Chiral and fractal: from simple design rules to complex supramolecular constructs
Authors: Nieckarz D. , Szabelski P.
Published: August 2016

The surface-confined self-assembly of K- and A-shaped molecular bricks with carefully adjusted size and functionality into fractal aggregates is demonstrated using theoretical modeling.
Copper(i)-catalysed oxidative C–N coupling of 2-aminopyridine with terminal alkynes featuring a CC bond cleavage promoted by visible light
Authors: Ragupathi Ayyakkannu , Sagadevan Arunachalam , Lin Chun-Cheng , Hwu Jih-Ru , Hwang Kuo Chu
Published: August 2016

An efficient and eco-friendly approach to aerobic oxidative C–N coupling of 2-aminopyridine with terminal alkynes for preparation of biologically important pyridyl-amides via CC triple bond cleavage at room temperature.
Covalent organic frameworks as pH responsive signaling scaffolds
Authors: Zhang Yuwei , Shen Xiaochen , Feng Xiao , Xia Hong , Mu Ying , Liu Xiaoming
Published: August 2016

A β-ketoenamine based covalent organic framework possesses high crystallinity, good porosity, stability and luminescence properties. It can serve as the first COF-based fluorescent pH sensor in aqueous solutions.
A solid state highly emissive Cu(i) metallacycle: promotion of cuprophilic interactions at the excited states
Authors: El Sayed Moussa M. , Evariste S. , Wong H.-L. , Le Bras L. , Roiland C. , Le Polles L. , Le Guennic B. , Costuas K. , Yam V. W.-W. , Lescop C.
Published: August 2016

The supramolecular synthesis of an original thermochromic metal-rich Cu(i) metallacycle (quantum yield 72% at RT) is reported. Important geometrical changes reinforcing cuprophilic interactions are calculated at the excited states.
An ab initio potential energy surface for the formic acid dimer: zero-point energy, selected anharmonic fundamental energies, and ground-state tunneling splitting calculated in relaxed 1–4-mode subspaces
Authors: Qu Chen , Bowman Joel M.
Published: August 2016

We report a full-dimensional, permutationally invariant potential energy surface (PES) for the cyclic formic acid dimer.
Molecular dynamics simulations of mixtures of protic and aprotic ionic liquids
Authors: Docampo-Álvarez Borja , Gómez-González Víctor , Méndez-Morales Trinidad , Rodríguez Julio R. , López-Lago Elena , Cabeza Oscar , Gallego Luis J. , Varela Luis M.
Published: August 2016

Molecular dynamics simulations of mixtures of the protic ionic liquid EAN and the aprotic [EMIM][BF4] are reported and the results are compared with experimental density and electrical conductivity measurements.
Utilization of the Donnan potential induced by reverse salt flux in pressure retarded osmosis systems
Authors: Park Chul Ho , Kwak Sung Jo , Nam Joo-Youn , Jang Moon Seok , Lee Jung-Hyun
Published: August 2016

Electrochemical pressure-retarded osmosis system is simultaneously able to extract the mixing energy of both water and salt diffusion from salinity gradients.
A ZrNiAl related high-pressure modification of CeRuSn
Authors: Niehaus Oliver , Heymann Gunter , Huppertz Hubert , Rodewald Ute Ch. , Chevalier Bernard , Matar Samir F. , Hoffmann Rolf-Dieter , Pöttgen Rainer
Published: August 2016

Monoclinic CeRuSn with its own structure type transforms to a high-pressure modification at 11.5 GPa and 1470 K (1000 t press, Walker type module).
The synthesis and structures of 1,1′-bis(sulfonyl)ferrocene derivatives
Authors: Chanawanno Kullapa , Holstrom Cole , Crandall Laura A. , Dodge Henry , Nemykin Victor N. , Herrick Richard S. , Ziegler Christopher J.
Published: August 2016

A series of 1,1′-bis(sulfonylchloride)ferrocene compounds were synthesized from the corresponding ammonium salt, and converted into either mono or bis sulfonylamides. These compounds exhibit intermolecular hydrogen bonding.
Homogeneous vinyl ester-based synthesis of different cellulose derivatives in 1-ethyl-3-methyl-imidazolium acetate
Authors: Hinner L. P. , Wissner J. L. , Beurer A. , Nebel B. A. , Hauer B.
Published: August 2016

A homogeneous process for the formation of various cellulose esters using the ionic liquid [EMIM]OAc and vinyl esters is described.
Cyclodextrin assisted enantiomeric recognition of emtricitabine by 19F NMR spectroscopy
Authors: Nageswara Rao Ramisetti , Santhakumar Kondapalli
Published: August 2016

A 19F NMR spectroscopic method using cyclodextrins as chiral recognition agents was developed for the quantitative determination of emtricitabine enantiomers.
Cysteine-based silver nanoparticles as dual colorimetric sensors for cations and anions
Authors: Praveen Kumar P. P. , Kathuria Lakshay , Haridas V.
Published: August 2016

The synthesis of amide–triazole-based Ag NPs and their sensing ability towards anions and cations in aqueous solution were investigated. The importance of amide–triazole as a binding motif, in conjunction with Ag NPs, and the mode of the sensing ability of these amide–triazole Ag NPs as dual colorimetric sensors have been studied in detail.
Facile synthesis of chitosan assisted multifunctional magnetic Fe3O4@SiO2@CS@pyropheophorbide-a fluorescent nanoparticles for photodynamic therapy
Authors: Cheng Jianjun , Tan Guanghui , Li Wenting , Zhang Hongyue , Wu Xiaodan , Wang Zhiqiang , Jin Yingxue
Published: August 2016

Chitosan assisted magneto-fluorescence nanoparticle Fe3O4@SiO2@CS@PPA is a potential photosensitizer for simultaneous PDT and medical fluorescence imaging.
One-step modified method for a highly efficient Au–PANI@TiO2visible-light photocatalyst
Authors: Zhang Huan , Tao Zhang , Tang Yinhai , Yang Mu , Wang Ge
Published: August 2016

The ternary visible-light photocatalyst Au–PANI@TiO2was synthesized by anin situreaction of an aniline monomer and HAuCl4.
Direct access to 2-amino-5-azidomethylfurans through palladium-catalyzed azidative cycloisomerization of homoallenyl amides
Authors: Huang Qianwen , Zheng Hanliang , Liu Shuiyou , Kong Lichun , Luo Fang , Zhu Gangguo
Published: August 2016

A room temperature Pd-catalyzed azidative cycloisomerization of homoallenyl amides using TMSN3 as the azidation reagent and PhI(O2CCF3)2 as the oxidant is described, producing various 2-amino-5-azidomethylfurans in moderate to excellent yields.
[3 + 2] cycloaddition and subsequent oxidative dehydrogenation between alkenes and diazo compounds: a simple and direct approach to pyrazoles using TBAI/TBHP
Authors: Shao Ying , Tong Jingjing , Zhao Yanwei , Zheng Hao , Ma Liang , Ma Meihua , Wan Xiaobing
Published: August 2016

Herein, an efficient [3 + 2] cycloaddition and oxidative dehydrogenation reaction of diazo compounds and alkenes was well developed using TBAI/TBHP, leading to pyrazoles with moderate to high yields.
Surface-initiated polymerization-induced self-assembly of bimodal polymer-grafted silica nanoparticles towards hybrid assemblies in one step
Authors: Zheng Yang , Huang Yucheng , Abbas Zaid M. , Benicewicz Brian C.
Published: August 2016

The first case of surface-initiated polymerization-induced self-assembly (SI-PISA) by polymerizing benzyl methacrylate from SiO2-g-(PHEMA, CPDB) in methanol is reported.
A sensitive 2D plasmon ruler based on Fano resonance
Authors: Liu Xiaoyun , Huo Yanyan , Wang Minghong , Gao Saisai , Zhang Chao , Ning Tingyin , Jiang Shouzhen , Xiong Pingxin , Man Baoyuan
Published: August 2016

In this paper, we designed a 2D distance and rotation angle plasmon ruler based on Fano resonance of a trimer nanostructure, which consists of a concentric square nanoring–disk and an outside nanorod (CSRDR).
Monoclonal antibody-tagged polyethylenimine (PEI)/poly(lactide) (PLA) nanoparticles for the enhanced delivery of doxorubicin in HER-positive breast cancers
Authors: Cui Ning , Zhu Su-Hua
Published: August 2016

Poor therapeutic response and adverse side effects of chemotherapeutic agents are the major obstacles for effective chemotherapy against breast cancers.
Development of dichloroacetamide pyrimidines as pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase inhibitors to reduce cancer cell growth: synthesis and biological evaluation
Authors: Zhang Shao-Lin , Zhang Wen , Xiao Qingpin , Yang Zheng , Hu Xiaohui , Wei Zhiyi , Tam Kin Yip
Published: August 2016

The synthesis and biological assays were described herein to firstly identify a novel PDK1 inhibitor.
Preparation of a Sb/Cu2Sb/C composite as an anode material for lithium-ion batteries
Authors: Yang Ting , Wang Hao , Xu Jiantie , Wang Lei , Song Wei-Chao , Mao Yuhua , Ma Jianmin
Published: August 2016

Sb/Cu2Sb/C composites are synthesized via a thermolysis approach with copper citrate and antimony acetate as precursors, respectively.
The enhanced CO gas sensing performance of Pd/SnO2 hollow sphere sensors under hydrothermal conditions
Authors: Wang Qingji , Li Xu , Liu Fangmeng , Liu Chang , Su Tan , Lin Jun , Sun Peng , Sun Yanfeng , Liu Fengmin , Lu Geyu
Published: August 2016

Pd-doped SnO2 hollow spheres were synthesized via a facile one-step hydrothermal route.
Impact of PEGylation and non-ionic surfactants on the physical stability of the therapeutic protein filgrastim (G-CSF)
Authors: Chang Patrick K. , Prestidge Clive A. , Barnes Timothy J. , Bremmell Kristen E.
Published: August 2016

PEGylation of G-SCF did not influence the mechanism of interaction with polysorbate 20, however improved resistance to temperature induced aggregation.