bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Love in Konstantin Paustovsky’s Romantics (1923)
Authors: Malikova Yu. V.
Published: August 2024

Konstantin G. Paustovsky’s novels remain understudied as a research material. Romantics (1923) is his first novel in this genre. The novel reflects the transformation of his ideas about romantic love and connects it with the motif of creativity as an ultimate form of human activity. The article describes the characters-in-love and the effect of love on their personality development. The study relied on the method of comparative analysis as part of historical and literary approach. In his early works, K. G. Paustovsky referred to the romantic tradition, which he transformed to create his own concept of life and creativity based on the principles of humanism and love of life. Maximov, the main character of Romantics, keeps writing a book called Life while being in love with two women against the tragic background of World War I. Maximov’s feelings for the two women gradually resolve his creative crisis. Hatija and Natasha represent two sides of romantic beauty, i.e., angelic and demonic. Love shows Maximov new sides of life and allows him to overcome the internal conflict. When one of the women is lost to him in the chaos of war, both female images merge into a single harmonious Eternal Femininity, which is a remake of the romantic tradition. By facing various dangers, Maximov learns the essence of life: love brings about its triumph over death.
Phantom Train as Integral Image in Vladimir Nabokov’s Mary (1926)
Authors: Zhu Ziwei
Published: August 2024

In Vladimir Nabokov’s novel Mary (1926), the train is an integral image. It is a metaphor, a symbol, and a leitmotif that generates or attracts many other images. The methods of motif and hermeneutic-interpretative analyses revealed that the train is a phantom that extends onto the characters and the entire artistic reality. The phantom train manifests itself in the interior of the houses where Russian emigrants live, in the city where the fate brought them to, in their own appearances, names, words, and actions. The phantom personages are shadows in a postmortem existence while Berlin is wrapped in smoke, clouds, and vapor. In this duality, Russia is as ghostly as Berlin in the main character’s memories. Initially, Russia and Mary are light and weightless, but the gloomy phantom train gradually penetrates into these memories. The end of the novel is ambiguous. Probably, it correlates with Nikolai Gumilev’s poem The Lost Tram. Besides, Nabokov liked to clash mutually exclusive plot developments. Apparently, the main character both leaves the phantom reality and stays in it as he boards the train that takes him away from Berlin and his past love.
The choice of the data transmission method during the study of improving the reliability and ensuring safe operation of products
Authors:   Nizhny Novgorod State Technical University, Baevskij Anatolij A. , Anosov Maksim S. ,   Nizhny Novgorod State Technical University, Panov Aleksej Y. ,   Nizhny Novgorod State Technical University
Published: August 2024

The purpose of this work is to choose the most optimal method of data transmission for conducting research on improving the reliability and ensuring safe operation of products obtained by 3D printing, operated at low temperatures. This is very important, since any error that occurs when transmitting the results of the study is fraught with further inaccuracies, and, subsequently, possibly human lives or environmental and economic disasters. The article describes the main methods of data transmission suitable for this case. Their advantages and disadvantages, possible problems when deploying networks in production or when scaling the experiment are analyzed in detail. Further, a comparison of each method is made by assigning estimates for the required groups of indicators. Based on the results of the comparison, conclusions were drawn about the best way to transfer data for this study, which may be useful in carrying out further work, as well as in similar studies in the future.
Urban water consumption analysis through a spatial panel modeling approach: a case study of Mexico City, 2004–2022
Authors: Ramos-Bueno Arturo , Galeana-Pizaña José Mauricio , Perevochtchikova María
Published: August 2024

Urban water demand management has become a paradigm for approaching water scarcity in cities. Consequently, the need to understand urban water consumption has increased. Studies about this topic usually focus on either temporal or spatial dimensions, highlighting the relevance of spatial panel data analysis to conduct spatiotemporal modeling. This technique is useful for performing long-term analysis for water management and decision-making. Mexico City is an urban area where total water consumption and its spatiotemporal evolution are still unknown. We aim to model spatiotemporally measured water consumption during 2004–2022 at the neighborhood level through a spatial panel modeling approach, to select the best model to estimate total water consumption and compare it with urban water supply to Mexico City. Based on the spatiotemporal model coefficients, our estimation of total water consumption is 15.44 m3/s which is close to 18.52 m3/s, calculated by the local water utility. These values, compared to 30.05 m3/s of total urban water supply for the period 2004–2022, suggest the need to focus on promoting water management efficiency actions. Our contribution also addresses intra-urban patterns of water consumption, water users, and meter coverage in Mexico City neighborhoods.
Advancements in Solid Lipid Nanoparticles and Nanostructured Lipid Carriers for Breast Cancer Therapy
Authors: Marwah Harneet , Dewangan Hitesh Kumar
Published: August 2024

:

Solid Lipid Nanocarriers (SLNs) offer a promising avenue for breast cancer treatment, a disease
that accounts for 12.5% of global cancer cases. Despite strides in combined therapies (surgery, chemotherapy,
radiation, and endocrine therapy), challenges like systemic toxicity, drug resistance, and adverse effects persist.
The manuscript offers several novel contributions to the field of breast cancer treatment through the use
of SLNs, and these are innovative drug delivery systems, multifunctionality, and biocompatibility, the potential
to overcome drug resistance, integration with emerging therapies, focus on personalized medicine, ongoing
and future research directions and potential for reduced side effects. SLNs present a novel strategy due to
their unique physicochemical properties. They can encapsulate both hydrophilic and hydrophobic drugs, ensuring
controlled release and targeted delivery, thus enhancing solubility and bioavailability and reducing side effects.
The multifunctional nature of SLNs improves drug delivery while their biocompatibility supports their
potential in cancer therapy. Challenges for pharmacists include maintaining stability, effective drug loading,
and timed delivery. Combining SLNs with emerging therapies like gene and immunotherapy holds promise
for more effective breast cancer treatments. SLNs represent a significant advancement, providing precise drug
delivery and fewer side effects, with the potential for overcoming drug resistance. Ongoing research will
refine SLNs for breast cancer therapy, targeting cells with minimal side effects and integrating with other treatments
for comprehensive approaches. Advances in nanotechnology and personalized medicine will tailor
SLNs to specific breast cancer subtypes, enhancing effectiveness. Clinical trials and new treatment developments
are crucial for realizing SLNs’ full potential in breast cancer care. In conclusion, SLNs offer a transformative
approach to breast cancer treatment, addressing issues of drug delivery and side effects. Ongoing research
aims to optimize SLNs for targeted therapy, potentially revolutionizing breast cancer care and providing
hope for patients.
Multi-disease X-ray Image Classification of the Chest Based on Global and Local Fusion Adaptive Networks
Authors: Gu Yu , Shi Ru , Yang Shuaikang , Yang Lidong , Zhang Baohua , Wang Jing , Lu Xiaoqi , Li Jianjun , Liu XIn , Zhao Ying , Yu Dahua , Tang Siyuan , He Qun
Published: August 2024

Background:

Chest X-ray image classification for multiple diseases is an important research direction in the field of computer vision and medical image
processing. It aims to utilize advanced image processing techniques and deep learning algorithms to automatically analyze and identify X-ray
images, determining whether specific pathologies or structural abnormalities exist in the images.

Objective:

We present the MMPDenseNet network designed specifically for chest multi-label disease classification.

Methods:

Initially, the network employs the adaptive activation function Meta-ACON to enhance feature representation. Subsequently, the network
incorporates a multi-head self-attention mechanism, merging the conventional convolutional neural network with the Transformer, thereby
bolstering the ability to extract both local and global features. Ultimately, the network integrates a pyramid squeeze attention module to capture
spatial information and enrich the feature space.

Results:

The concluding experiment yielded an average AUC of 0.898, marking an average accuracy improvement of 0.6% over the baseline model. When
compared with the original network, the experimental results highlight that MMPDenseNet considerably elevates the classification accuracy of
various chest diseases.

Conclusion:

It can be concluded that the network, thus, holds substantial value for clinical applications.
Analyzing the Metabolic Destiny of Potentilla discolor Bge. Extract and Its Primary Components in Rat Models
Authors: Dang Yanxin , Du Menghan , Sun Xiuxiu , Sun Zeqi , Liu Jie , Xie Minzhen , Chen Zhouxiu , Gu Siqi , Wang Qi , Liu Guijun
Published: August 2024

Background:

Potentilla discolor Bge. is a plant extensively utilized in Traditional Chinese
Medicine (TCMs). Nevertheless, our knowledge of the chemical components and metabolic
complexities in its extracts is still quite limited.

Objective:

The study aimed to thoroughly analyze the flavonoid metabolism in Potentilla discolor
Bge. extracts and conduct a pharmacodynamic evaluation.

Methods:

In this study, we investigated the metabolism of flavonoids in Potentilla discolor Bge.
extracts using SD rats. The research adopted the strategy of “in vivo metabolism assessment, basic
study of pharmacodynamics and preliminary evaluation of molecular docking” to systematically
investigate the pharmacodynamic substances and targets of action of Potentilla discolor Bge..

Results:

The results of the study showed that the main metabolic forms of Potentilla discolor Bge.
in vivo include hydroxylation, methylation, and glycosylation. Among them, luteolin in the total
flavonoids of Potentilla discolor Bge. has the strongest antimicrobial and antioxidant ability. Outcomes
of molecular docking experiments indicated that the glycosylated metabolite of luteolin
had a significant advantage in acting with Glp-1 (Glucagon-like peptide-1).

Conclusion:

The present study revealed the metabolic pathways of total flavonoids in Potentilla
discolor Bge. It not only effectively screened out their pharmacodynamic substances and targets
but also provided a theoretical basis for the application of TCMs into a systematic application and
also provided ideas for the direction of drug optimization in the future. However, the sample range
of this study is limited, and it generalizability needs to be investigated.
Metabolic Profiling Techniques and Their Application in Cancer Research
Authors: Alwahsh Mohammad , Abumansour Hamza , Althaher Arwa R. , Hergenröder Roland
Published: August 2024

Individual physiological and pathophysiological states, as well as the environment, impact
the metabolome. With the help of metabolomics, clinical investigations can better understand
the mechanisms underlying disease. The expansion of analytical techniques intended to examine
biofluids thoroughly facilitates the characterization of numerous illness biomarkers.
Metabolomics aims to identify subtle variances in metabolic profiles among biological systems in
different physiological or pathological conditions. In our review, we start by outlining the seven
objectives of metabolic profile analysis, which range from creating a data table to integrating multiple
omics for systems biology. Then, approaches to data reduction and deconvolution, normalization,
scaling, and data transformations are provided. These techniques for preprocessing and pretreatment
cover a variety of topics.
Concept and Application of Envelope Spectrum Analysis in the Field of
Vibration Signal Processing
Authors: Ghemari Zine
Published: August 2024

The computation of the envelope spectrum of vibration signals is a crucial aspect of vibration
analysis and machinery diagnostics, enabling engineers to extract valuable information
about the dynamic behavior of mechanical systems. This study provides an overview of various
methods and techniques employed to compute the envelope spectrum, including the Hilbert transform,
analytic signal processing, and demodulation techniques. The Hilbert transform is a powerful
mathematical tool that produces the analytic representation of a signal, allowing for the extraction
of the instantaneous amplitude envelope. Analytic signal processing techniques leverage the Hilbert
transform to compute the analytic signal, which provides a complex-valued representation of the
original signal, facilitating envelope extraction. Demodulation techniques involve the multiplication
of the vibration signal by a high-pass filtered version of itself to suppress high-frequency components,
leaving behind only the slowly varying envelope. By employing these methods and techniques,
engineers can effectively analyze vibration signals, identify amplitude modulations, detect
modulation sidebands, and diagnose faults in machinery and structural components. This study
aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of envelope spectrum computation methods, offering
insights into their theoretical foundations, practical applications, and prospects in vibration
analysis and machinery diagnostics.
An Association of Framingham Risk Score with Patient Determined Disease Steps in a Cohort of Relapsing-Remitting Multiple Sclerosis Patients: An Italian Real-World Monocentric Experience
Authors: Zanghi Aurora , Di Filippo Paola Sofia , Avolio Carlo , D’Amico Emanuele
Published: August 2024

Background:

The associations between Multiple Sclerosis (MS) and cardiovascular diseases,
drawn from epidemiological studies, have attracted much attention in recent years.

Materials and Methods:

The present study employed a monocentric, observational, retrospective cohort
design. The primary objective of the study was to describe the Framingham Risk Score (FRS) rate
in a cross-sectional analysis of our cohort of relapsing-remitting MS patients who are regularly followed
up and, if applicable, to identify any association with the patient's Patient Determined Disease
Steps (PDDS). Cardiovascular risk was classified as follows: low if the FRS is less than 10%, moderate
if it is 10% to 19%, and high if it is 20% or higher.

Results:

A total cohort of 229 patients was enrolled. The sample consists of 163 women (71.2%). FRS
categories were distributed as follows: 97 (42.3%) patients had low FRS, 84 (36.7%) patients had
moderate FRS, and 48 (21%) patients had high FRS. In the univariable ordinal regression analysis, one
one-point increase in the PDDS scale was associated with a 24% risk of high FRS (vs. low) (proportional
odds ratio [OR] =2.426, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.660-3.545; p <.0001). The results were
also confirmed by the EDSS score, with a point increase in the EDSS score associated with a 19% risk
of high FRS (vs. low) (proportional OR =1.953, 95% CI 1.429-2.669-1.04; p <.0001).

Conclusion:

The FRS demonstrated an association with the patient's “perception of the disease” as
indicated by the PDDS. Further studies with larger cohorts are needed to adequately address cardiovascular
risk in life-threatening conditions, such as MS.
Green Accounting in India
Authors: Anchit Jhamb  , Swati Aggarwal
Published: August 2024

Environmental accounting or inexperienced accounting may be a new branch of accounting that aims at accounting for the atmosphere and its well-being. Though it's a very new field/branch of study and practice; it's presently gaining connection attributable to its importance. Additionally to simply checking a Company's profit or loss or its revenue and expenses environmental or inexperienced accounting may be a growing field that focuses or provides for accounting the environmental impact, bound factors might cause to a business or organization. The adoption of inexperienced accounting depicts the commitment associate degree enterprise/organization has towards the atmosphere. It deals with three most vital factors folks, profit and therefore the the} planet associate degreed also a lot of or less deals with the prices and also the benefits or advantages an atmosphere brings to a business. India's former atmosphere Minister adult male. Jairam Ramesh once in power stressed the requirement and importance to bring inexperienced Accounting practices to the forefront of accounting in India.
Investigation of Public Acceptance of Misinformation Correction in Social Media Based on Sentiment Attributions: Infodemiology Study Using Aspect-Based Sentiment Analysis (Preprint)
Authors: Ma Ning , Yu Guang , Jin Xin
Published: August 2024

BACKGROUND

The proliferation of misinformation on social media is a significant concern due to its frequent occurrence and subsequent adverse social consequences. Effective interventions for and corrections of misinformation have become a focal point of scholarly inquiry. However, exploration of the underlying causes that affect the public acceptance of misinformation correction is still important and not yet sufficient.

OBJECTIVE

This study aims to identify the critical attributions that influence public acceptance of misinformation correction by using attribution analysis of aspects of public sentiment, as well as investigate the differences and similarities in public sentiment attributions in different types of misinformation correction.

METHODS

A theoretical framework was developed for analysis based on attribution theory, and public sentiment attributions were divided into 6 aspects and 11 dimensions. The correction posts for the 31 screened misinformation events comprised 33,422 Weibo posts, and the corresponding Weibo comments amounted to 370,218. A pretraining model was used to assess public acceptance of misinformation correction from these comments, and the aspect-based sentiment analysis method was used to identify the attributions of public sentiment response. Ultimately, this study revealed the causality between public sentiment attributions and public acceptance of misinformation correction through logistic regression analysis.

RESULTS

The findings were as follows: First, public sentiments attributed to external attribution had a greater impact on public acceptance than those attributed to internal attribution. The public associated different aspects with correction depending on the type of misinformation. The accuracy of the correction and the entity responsible for carrying it out had a significant impact on public acceptance of misinformation correction. Second, negative sentiments toward the media significantly increased, and public trust in the media significantly decreased. The collapse of media credibility had a detrimental effect on the actual effectiveness of misinformation correction. Third, there was a significant difference in public attitudes toward the official government and local governments. Public negative sentiments toward local governments were more pronounced.

CONCLUSIONS

Our findings imply that public acceptance of misinformation correction requires flexible communication tailored to public sentiment attribution. The media need to rebuild their image and regain public trust. Moreover, the government plays a central role in public acceptance of misinformation correction. Some local governments need to repair trust with the public. Overall, this study offered insights into practical experience and a theoretical foundation for controlling various types of misinformation based on attribution analysis of public sentiment.
Implementation and Evaluation of a Gait Training Assistant for the Use of Crutches: Usability Study (Preprint)
Authors: Wolf Milan Anton , Sauerwald Leon , Kosmalla Felix , Daiber Florian , Krüger Antonio , Landgraeber Stefan
Published: August 2024

BACKGROUND

Surgical procedures on the lower extremities often require weight-bearing on crutches as part of the rehabilitation process. Orthopedic elective procedures enable patients to learn the correct use of crutches in a controlled preoperative setting. Digital assistance systems can safely circumvent a shortage of skilled staff and any contact restrictions that may be necessary.

OBJECTIVE

The usability of a newly developed gait training assistant (GTA) for the use of crutches will be evaluated. An intervention group trained to use crutches by the digital trainer will be compared with a control group trained to use crutches conventionally by a physiotherapist.

METHODS

As part of the development and implementation of a novel GTA, 14 patients learned to walk with crutches by completing specific exercises while receiving live feedback. Their movements were detected by a depth sensor and evaluated in real time. Specific parameters (step length, synchronous movement, crutch angle, and crutch distance to the feet) were compared with a control group (n=14) trained to use crutches by physiotherapists. The intervention group was also assessed by a physiotherapist. At the end of the study, the patients completed questionnaires to evaluate the usability of the system (Brooke’s System Usability Scale score) and patient satisfaction.

RESULTS

All patients trained by the novel GTA were able to use crutches correctly. The intervention group showed significantly better values for crutch angle (mean –6.3°, SD 3.5° vs mean –12.4°, SD 4.5°; P<.001) and crutch position (mean 3.3, SD 5.1 cm vs mean –8.5, SD 4.9 cm; P=.02). Both groups reported that they felt confident in the use of crutches, were able to follow the instructions, and enjoyed the training. Even though the majority (12/14, 86%) preferred physical therapy over a purely digital approach, most participants enjoyed using the system (13/14, 93%) and were interested in trying out other digital assistants (11/14, 79%). The usability of the GTA was rated above average by the majority (9/14, 64%) of the patients.

CONCLUSIONS

The newly designed GTA is a safe method of teaching the use of crutches and is statistically superior to training by a physiotherapist. Even if patients prefer interaction with a physiotherapist over a purely digital approach, digital devices provide a safe and motivating opportunity to learn the essential locomotor skills for rehabilitation.
Public Involvement and Engagement in Big Data Research: Scoping Review (Preprint)
Authors: Teodorowski Piotr , Jones Elisa , Tahir Naheed , Ahmed Saiqa , Rodgers Sarah E , Frith Lucy
Published: August 2024

BACKGROUND

The success of big data initiatives depends on public support. Public involvement and engagement could be a way of establishing public support for big data research.

OBJECTIVE

This review aims to synthesize the evidence on public involvement and engagement in big data research.

METHODS

This scoping review mapped the current evidence on public involvement and engagement activities in big data research. We searched 5 electronic databases, followed by additional manual searches of Google Scholar and gray literature. In total, 2 public contributors were involved at all stages of the review.

RESULTS

A total of 53 papers were included in the scoping review. The review showed the ways in which the public could be involved and engaged in big data research. The papers discussed a broad range of involvement activities, who could be involved or engaged, and the importance of the context in which public involvement and engagement occur. The findings show how public involvement, engagement, and consultation could be delivered in big data research. Furthermore, the review provides examples of potential outcomes that were produced by involving and engaging the public in big data research.

CONCLUSIONS

This review provides an overview of the current evidence on public involvement and engagement in big data research. While the evidence is mostly derived from discussion papers, it is still valuable in illustrating how public involvement and engagement in big data research can be implemented and what outcomes they may yield. Further research and evaluation of public involvement and engagement in big data research are needed to better understand how to effectively involve and engage the public in big data research.

INTERNATIONAL REGISTERED REPORT

RR2-https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2021-050167
Study of Postacute Sequelae of COVID-19 Using Digital Wearables: Protocol for a Prospective Longitudinal Observational Study (Preprint)
Authors: El-Toukhy Sherine , Hegeman Phillip , Zuckerman Gabrielle , Das Anirban Roy , Moses Nia , Troendle James , Powell-Wiley Tiffany M
Published: August 2024

BACKGROUND

Postacute sequelae of COVID-19 (PASC) remain understudied in nonhospitalized patients. Digital wearables allow for a continuous collection of physiological parameters such as respiratory rate and oxygen saturation that have been predictive of disease trajectories in hospitalized patients.

OBJECTIVE

This protocol outlines the design and procedures of a prospective, longitudinal, observational study of PASC that aims to identify wearables-collected physiological parameters that are associated with PASC in patients with a positive diagnosis.

METHODS

This is a single-arm, prospective, observational study of a cohort of 550 patients, aged 18 to 65 years, male or female, who own a smartphone or a tablet that meets predetermined Bluetooth version and operating system requirements, speak English, and provide documentation of a positive COVID-19 test issued by a health care professional within 5 days before enrollment. The primary end point is long COVID-19, defined as ≥1 symptom at 3 weeks beyond the first symptom onset or positive diagnosis, whichever comes first. The secondary end point is chronic COVID-19, defined as ≥1 symptom at 12 weeks beyond the first symptom onset or positive diagnosis. Participants must be willing and able to consent to participate in the study and adhere to study procedures for 6 months.

RESULTS

The first patient was enrolled in October 2021. The estimated year for publishing the study results is 2025.

CONCLUSIONS

This is a fully decentralized study investigating PASC using wearable devices to collect physiological parameters and patient-reported outcomes. The study will shed light on the duration and symptom manifestation of PASC in nonhospitalized patient subgroups and is an exemplar of the use of wearables as population-level monitoring health tools for communicable diseases.

CLINICALTRIAL

ClinicalTrials.gov NCT04927442; https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT04927442

INTERNATIONAL REGISTERED REPORT

DERR1-10.2196/57382
Impact of 25 Years of Mobile Health Tools for Pain Management in Patients With Chronic Musculoskeletal Pain: Systematic Review (Preprint)
Authors: Shi Jenny Lin-Hong , Sit Regina Wing-Shan
Published: August 2024

BACKGROUND

Mobile technologies are increasingly being used in health care and public health practice for patient communication, monitoring, and education. Mobile health (mHealth) tools have also been used to facilitate adherence to chronic musculoskeletal pain (CMP) management, which is critical to achieving improved pain outcomes, quality of life, and cost-effective health care.

OBJECTIVE

The aim of this systematic review was to evaluate the 25-year trend of the literature on the adherence, usability, feasibility, and acceptability of mHealth interventions in CMP management among patients and health care providers.

METHODS

We searched the PubMed, Cochrane CENTRAL, MEDLINE, EMBASE, and Web of Science databases for studies assessing the role of mHealth in CMP management from January 1999 to December 2023. Outcomes of interest included the effect of mHealth interventions on patient adherence; pain-specific clinical outcomes after the intervention; and the usability, feasibility, and acceptability of mHealth tools and platforms in chronic pain management among target end users.

RESULTS

A total of 89 articles (26,429 participants) were included in the systematic review. Mobile apps were the most commonly used mHealth tools (78/89, 88%) among the included studies, followed by mobile app plus monitor (5/89, 6%), mobile app plus wearable sensor (4/89, 4%), and web-based mobile app plus monitor (1/89, 1%). Usability, feasibility, and acceptability or patient preferences for mHealth interventions were assessed in 26% (23/89) of the studies and observed to be generally high. Overall, 30% (27/89) of the studies used a randomized controlled trial (RCT), cohort, or pilot design to assess the impact of the mHealth intervention on patients’ adherence, with significant improvements (all P<.05) observed in 93% (25/27) of these studies. Significant (judged at P<.05) between-group differences were reported in 27 of the 29 (93%) RCTs that measured the effect of mHealth on CMP-specific clinical outcomes.

CONCLUSIONS

There is great potential for mHealth tools to better facilitate adherence to CMP management, and the current evidence supporting their effectiveness is generally high. Further research should focus on the cost-effectiveness of mHealth interventions for better incorporating these tools into health care practices.

CLINICALTRIAL

International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO) CRD42024524634; https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?RecordID=524634
Social Media Discourse on Cannabis: Global Influence of Legalization (Preprint)
Authors: Toledo Consuelo , Donat-Vargas Carolina , Montero-Torres María , Lara-Abelenda Francisco J , Mora Fernando , Alvarez-Mon Melchor , Quintero Javier , Álvarez-Mon Miguel Ángel
Published: August 2024

BACKGROUND

Cannabis is the third most consumed drug worldwide, with its use linked to a high number of substance use disorders, particularly among young men. Associated mortality causes include traffic accidents and cardiovascular diseases. The global expansion of cannabis legalization has sparked debates about its impact on risk perception, which has decreased in countries with permissive laws. Social media analysis, such as on X, is a useful tool for studying these perceptions and how they vary by geographic region.

OBJECTIVE

This study aims to analyze Twitter users' perceptions of cannabis use and legalization, taking into account the geographic location of the tweets.

METHODS

A mixed-methods approach was used to analyze cannabis-related tweets on Twitter, using keywords such as "cannabis," "marijuana," "hachís," and "hashish." Tweets were collected from January 1, 2018, to April 30, 2022, in English and Spanish, and included those with at least 10 retweets. The content analysis involved an inductive-deductive approach, resulting in the classification of tweets into thematic categories, including discussions on legalization.

RESULTS

The tweet analysis showed that in America, Europe, and Asia, political discussions about cannabis were the most common topic, while personal testimonies dominated in Oceania and Africa. In all continents, personal experiences with cannabis use were mostly positive, with Oceania recording the highest percentage (60.93%). Regarding legalization, Oceania also led with the highest percentage of tweets in favor (68.13%), followed by America and Africa, while support in Europe and Asia was slightly lower, with about half of the tweets in favor.

CONCLUSIONS

The analysis of tweets shows that America leads cannabis discussions, with political debates predominating in America, Europe, and Asia, and personal testimonies in Oceania and Africa. In all regions, positive experiences with cannabis outweigh negative ones, especially in Oceania. Legalization decreases risk perception and increases use, as seen in America. Europe reflects a divided debate on legalization. The need to accompany legalization with awareness campaigns on the risks of cannabis is highlighted.
Digital Isolation and Dementia Risk in Older Adults: Longitudinal Cohort Study (Preprint)
Authors: Deng Cheng , Shen Na , Li Guangzhou , Zhang Ke , Yang Shijun
Published: August 2024

BACKGROUND

Dementia poses a significant global health challenge, characterized by progressive cognitive decline and functional impairment. With the aging global population, dementia prevalence is projected to surge, reaching an estimated 153 million cases by 2050. While the impact of traditional social isolation on dementia risk has been extensively studied, the influence of digital isolation, a phenomenon unique to the digital age, remains underexplored.

OBJECTIVE

This study aimed to investigate the association between digital isolation and dementia risk among older adults, hypothesizing that higher levels of digital isolation significantly increase the risk of developing dementia.

METHODS

We conducted a longitudinal cohort study using data from the National Health and Aging Trends Study (NHATS), analyzing 8189 participants aged 65 years and older from the 3rd (2013) to the 12th wave (2022). Digital isolation was quantified using a composite digital isolation index, derived from participants’ usage of digital devices, electronic communication, internet access, and engagement in online activities. Participants were stratified into low isolation and moderate to high isolation groups. Dementia incidence was assessed using cognitive tests and proxy reports. Cox proportional hazards models were used to estimate the association between digital isolation and dementia risk, adjusting for potential confounders including sociodemographic factors, baseline health conditions, and lifestyle variables.

RESULTS

The moderate to high isolation group demonstrated a significantly elevated risk of dementia compared with the low isolation group. In the discovery cohort, the adjusted hazard ratio (HR) was 1.22 (95% CI 1.01-1.47, P=.04), while the validation cohort showed an HR of 1.62 (95% CI 1.27-2.08, P<.001). The pooled analysis across both cohorts revealed an adjusted HR of 1.36 (95% CI 1.16-1.59, P<.001). Kaplan-Meier curves corroborated a higher incidence of dementia in the moderate to high isolation group.

CONCLUSIONS

Our findings indicate that digital isolation is a significant risk factor for dementia among older adults. This study underscores the importance of digital engagement in mitigating dementia risk and suggests that promoting digital literacy and access to digital resources should be integral components of public health strategies aimed at dementia prevention.

CLINICALTRIAL
Performance of a Novel Medical Artificial Intelligence Large Model (MedGo) on Supporting Decision-Making for Emergency Patients with Suspected Sepsis (Preprint)
Authors: Jiang Sen , Gu Yi , Liu Tong , An Bo , Wang Chunxue , Shao Li , Zhang Haitao , Tang Lunxian
Published: August 2024

BACKGROUND

Large Artificial Intelligence (AI) language models have been increasingly applied in the medical field for disease prediction, diagnosis, and evaluation. However, research on AI-assisted early sepsis identification and screening remains scarce. Here, we conduct a retrospective study to evaluate the diagnostic efficacy of a novel medical large language model-MedGo developed by our collaborating team and us in early sepsis in emergency department (ED).

OBJECTIVE

This study aims to evaluate the performance of a novel medical artificial intelligence large language model, MedGo, in supporting clinical decision-making for emergency department patients with suspected sepsis, specifically focusing on its diagnostic accuracy, comprehensiveness, readability, and analytical capabilities compared to physicians with varying levels of experience.

METHODS

We retrospectively collected medical history data from 203 eligible patients treated at a tertiary teaching hospital between January 1, 2023 and January 1, 2024. MedGo’s performance was compared to that of junior and senior ED physicians across nine assessment tasks related to the diagnosis and management of sepsis . A five-point Likert scale was used to assess the four dimensions of accuracy, comprehensiveness, readability and case analysis skills.

RESULTS

MedGo exhibited diagnostic performance comparable to senior doctors, scoring 4 on the Likert Scale for accuracy, comprehensiveness, readability, and analytical capability, significantly surpassing junior doctors. Furthermore, MedGo's decision support enhanced both junior and senior doctors' diagnostic abilities, with junior doctors' performance equal that of seniors. Notably, MedGo consistently delivered exceptional results in diagnosing early sepsis cases of varying severity.

CONCLUSIONS

MedGo demonstrates remarkable diagnostic efficacy in early sepsis, effectively supporting clinicians of diverse experience levels in making informed decisions in the time-urgent ED. Although we acknowledge its limitations and emphasize the importance of comprehensive, standardized, systematic, and visualized medical history data in future research endeavors, the results underscore the potential of MedGo as a supportive tool in ED settings, thereby laying the groundwork for future developing specialized sepsis models.
Regulatory Challenges for Chinese Concept Stocks Listed in the U.S.
Authors: Wang Yuejia
Published: August 2024

This paper provides a comprehensive analysis of the regulatory challenges facing Chinese concept stocks listed in the U.S., with a specific focus on the impact of geopolitical tensions, regulatory disparities, and high-profile financial fraud cases such as Luckin Coffee. It delves into the intricate dynamics between the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) and Chinese regulatory authorities, underscored by the enactment of the Holding Foreign Companies Accountable Act (HFCAA). Through examining these issues, the paper highlights the complexities of navigating cross-border listings within the fraught U.S.-China geopolitical landscape.The analysis reveals the multifaceted nature of the regulatory challenges, including auditing disputes, information security concerns, and the broader implications of international political shifts on financial markets. The Luckin Coffee scandal serves as a pivotal case study, illustrating the risks of financial misconduct and the difficulties faced by U.S. regulators in ensuring transparency and accountability among foreign companies operating within its borders.
Traditional Low-Efficient and Anti-Ecological Agriculture Must Be Replaced with Modern Cellular and Hydroponic Agriculture
Authors: Krasnyansky Mikhail
Published: August 2024

The article analyzes traditional agriculture as low-efficient, excessively resource-intensive, and anti-ecological and substantiates the need for its transition to modern cellular and hydroponic agriculture against the backdrop of an unfavorably changing climate.
The effort to prevent stunting by training in making vegetable nuggets at Gombang, Boyolali
Authors: Rahmawati Fitria Dwi , Maulana Ahmad Riziq , Maharani Candra Tika Putri , Rini Dwi Sukma Permadi , Richardo Kelvin Matthew , Puyanda Irvia Resti
Published: August 2024

The prevalence of stunting under five in Boyolali Regency was still unstable in 2018, at 10%; in 2019, it decreased to 7.2%, and until October 2020, it was 9.26% by looking at the height/age of each toddler. Nutrition is the main factor for forming the body's immune response, and malnutrition can cause a decrease in body immunity. The active participation approach in this community service is based on community independence. It aims to provide education about the importance of fulfilling nutrition needs through the consumption of nutritious food for Family Welfare Programme/Pemberdayaan Kesejahteraan Keluarga (PKK) Gombang Village mothers, especially in fulfilling daily family nutrition needs. The socialization is about making vegetable nuggets that can become local food creations while at the same time being able to fulfill daily food fiber needs. This activity is implemented through several stages: 1) Observation and request for willingness to cooperate with partners; 2) Formulation of Solution Steps; 3) Socialization; 4) Focus Group Discussion. The PKK's participation in this community service activity was very enthusiastic. This activity can provide knowledge about producing organic vegetable nugget processed products to form new entrepreneurs.
Training on statistical applications in structuring village administration in Purworejo
Authors: Usman Mustofa , Russel Edwin , Putri Lidya Ayuni
Published: August 2024

In the modern era, statistics has become an integral part of various aspects of our lives, serving as a universal language to understand the world around us. The integration of statistical applications can significantly enhance the process of data and information management in village governance. This community service project aims to assess the potential of statistical applications in supporting village administration officials, contributing to improved village governance and self-sufficiency. Through preliminary studies and tailored SPSS training programs, the practical knowledge and skills of village officials and cooperative members are enhanced. Evaluation after the training indicates a significant improvement in understanding and application of statistical tools. The integration of statistical applications is expected to contribute to better-organized village administration and good governance in Purworejo Village. This initiative underscores the role of statistics as a powerful tool in village administration, bridging various fields of knowledge and providing valuable insights into the world. The successful implementation of statistical applications in Purworejo Village serves as a model for other communities seeking to enhance governance through data-driven decision-making.
Safety induction for agricultural workers in particular areas of Gadog Village in handling hazardous agrochemical exposures
Authors: Xaviera Allodya Nadra , Hijrianisa Alya , Lubis Astrid Blandina Cynthia , Stiawan Elva , Gunaryo G.
Published: August 2024

An integrated program of community service and chemical teaching has been conducted to deliver proper information to handle chemical agents that are commonly used in agricultural activities. This initiative addresses the limitation of chemical understanding among local farmers and livestock breeders regarding the safety aspect of common agrochemicals, leading to either health risks or environmental problems. Knowledge regarding agrochemical handling and disposal was delivered through presentations, discussions, and hands-on practices. Accordingly, through this community service, we encouraged agricultural workers with a basic understanding of the chemical properties of hazardous agrochemicals and the safety induction in handling and disposing of those compounds. Based on the activities carried out, the results of the pre-test and post-test showed an increase of 62% in farmers' understanding of hazardous chemicals and proper handling of these chemicals. In addition to providing some beneficial scientific information to enhance agricultural workers’ safety in their working area, an activity related to education and training of agrochemicals could increase peoples’ awareness toward hazardous chemicals that would be still freely commercialized, for example, in terms of mitigating risks associated with chemical threats.
Increasing knowledge and skills in processing orange peel waste into eco enzymes for senior high school students
Authors: Amananti Wilda , Riyanta Aldi Budi , Tivani Inur , Susiyarti S.
Published: August 2024

Environmental education and awareness of sustainability are becoming a major focus in educational curricula around the world. This article discusses an innovative approach to environmental learning for high school students through the creation of ecoenzymes. Ecoenzym, is a mixture of fermented organic materials that has the ability to clean and recycle organic waste, as well as improve soil and water quality. The results of ecoenzyme training activities for high school students based on the pretest and posttest results are that the training has a positive impact on students' understanding of ecoenzymes and their ability to apply them in practice. The posttest results showed a significant increase in students' knowledge and skills after participating in the training, compared to the pretest results. In this training, students are given a deeper understanding of ecoenzymes. Students get the opportunity to participate in practical activities involving the use of ecoenzymes, which can increase their understanding of the concept. In conclusion, ecoenzyme training is an effective strategy in increasing the knowledge and skills of high school students in this regard. This suggests that practical, hands-on approaches such as this training can be an effective method in educating students about complex scientific concepts such as ecoenzymes.
Rancang Bangun Sistem Informasi Geografis Pemetaan Penduduk menggunakan Metode Personal Extreme Programing (Studi Kasus: Desa Oro-oro Ombo)
Authors: Firmansyah Firmansyah , Nuryasin Ilyas , Wahyuni Evi Dwi
Published: August 2024

Desa Oro-oro Ombo adalah sebuah desa di wilayah Kecamatan Batu, Kota Batu,Provinsi Jawa Timur. Desa Oro-Oro Ombo merupakan sebuah desa yang berada di wilayah Kecamatan Batu Kota Batu, kurang lebih berjarak 2 km di sebelah selatan Kantor Camat Batu. Proses penginputan data penduduk di ikantor Desa Oro-Oro Ombo masih belum terkontrol menggunakan sistem iinformasi. Proses pencatatan data penduduk yaitu masih pakai Microsoft excel. Laporan yang diserahkan kepada kepala Kesejahteraan Masyarakat diperoleh dari penginputan data dari Microsoft excel yang direkap dan kemudian dijadikan laporan jumlah penduduk. Laporan tersebut inantinya akan digunakan sebagai pengambilan keputusan. Sehingga dapat mengambil keputusan untuk melakukan pembangunan di Desa Oro-Oro Ombo. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengembangkan sistem PXP pada pengelola desa. Adapun dalam metode pengembangan ini menggunakan Personal extreme programming (PXP). Personal Extreme Programming merupakan ipengembangan dari extreme programming yang bisa digunakan oleh pengembang tunggal. Sistem yang akan dibangun dalam ipenelitian ini merupakan sistem pelayanan sistem terpadu desa. Kesimpulannya metode PXP ini bisa diimplementasikan pada studi kasus ini. Adapun dalam prosesnya dimulai dengan melakukan pengumpulan kebutuhan,  diskusi dengan klien, kemudian kebutuhan klien tersebut dipresentasikan menjadi user Stories. User Stories Nya berjumlah 5 user Stories. Setelah mendapatkan kebutuhan sistem, maka melakukan pengembangan, perencanaan terdiri dari estimasi waktu, prioritas, dan penentuan user Stories di setiap iterasi.