bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
MEMORY BROUGHT TO MIND. FIVE-YEAR FOLLOW-UP OF CASE FINDING AND INTERVENTION OF DEMENTIA IN A SWEDISH PRIMARY HEALTH CARE DISTRICT
Authors: Josefsson S. , Kjellmark M. , Adenmark P. , Karlsson E. , Åstrand R. , Trell E.
Published: November 2021

BACKGROUND: In an urban/rural primary health care (PHC) district a five-year integrated project of early detection and management of cognitive disorders was made in collaboration between home care (HC) and family practice services using a single-item case-finding and intervention approach. OBJECTIVES: To assess feasibility, outcome and morbidity over a 5-year period. DESIGN, SETTING AND PARTICIPANT: In autumn 2008, the question “Have you experienced memory difficulties or been told of them by family members?” was mailed to all eligible persons > 75 years of age (n=367) in the urban/rural Vålberg HC and PHC district (population = 5073). 320 (= 87%; 184 no and 136 yes) responded and 117 yes-responders came for further examination. In the follow-up, all diagnoses up till November 2013 were collected and compared anonymously in both yes and no answerers. RESULTS: 114 completed examination. 29 showed low risk of cognitive impairment, 39 moderate and 46 high. Definitive diagnosis was obtained in 34 of the latter: 10 cognitive impairment, 16 Alzheimer’s disease, 5 non-specific, 2 vascular and 1 alcoholic dementia. During follow-up no further dementia diagnoses occurred in the low, two in the moderate, and none in the high-risk group, versus 12 in the no responders. Age and mortality were significantly higher in the high-risk group. Co-morbidity was very frequent but did not differ between the groups. CONCLUSIONS: Population response and compliance were excellent; the single-item direct question approach gave workable results with in particular high negative predictive power persisting over the five-year follow-up period, and can be applied in early case-finding, prevention and intervention of cognitive impairment in an integrated local HC, PHC and Hospital setting.
Abdominal Actinomycosis Abscess Presenting as an Isolated Gastrointestinal Pseudotumor
Authors: Clarrett Danisa , Ray Jennifer Michelle , Taylor Jason R.
Published: November 2021

Actinomyces is a gram-positive anaerobic bacterium that is ubiquitous in nature. It typically presents as respiratory, cervicofacial, or abdominopelvic abscesses. We present a 66-year-old man with a progressive enlarging abdominal wall nodule concerning for malignancy. The patient had a negative workup, including an ultrasound-guided fine-needle aspiration and colonoscopy, with biopsy for a possible extension to the colonic wall. Diagnosis of an Actinomyces abscess was obtained through surgical resection with right hemicolectomy. He was successfully treated with a prolonged course of intravenous antibiotics. This is a rare case of an isolated abdominal wall Actinomyces abscess mimicking a gastrointestinal malignancy.
Umbralisib-Induced Immune-Mediated Colitis: A Concerning Adverse Effect of the Novel PI3Kδ/CK1ε Inhibitor
Authors: Bajaj Suryansh , Barrett Stevi M. , Nakhleh Raouf E. , Brahmbhatt Bhaumik , Bi Yan
Published: November 2021

Novel chemotherapeutic agents are developed to treat recurrent/relapsed lymphoid malignancies. Umbralisib, a novel phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase inhibitor with a selective isoform binding, has shown an improved efficacy and safety profile in clinical trials. Immune-mediated colitis, a frequently observed dose-limiting adverse event of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase inhibitors, has been mostly observed at supratherapeutic doses in the trials, with grade 1 or 2 diarrhea being the most common adverse event at the therapeutic dose (800 mg PO QD). We present a grade-3 colitis that can be attributed to umbralisib-mediated immune toxicity in a patient with chronic lymphocytic leukemia at the therapeutic dose.
Interior vs. Exterior Incorporation of Silver Nanoparticles in Cotton Fiber and Washing Durability
Authors: Nam Sunghyun , Chavez Sonia E. , Hillyer Matthew B. , Condon Brian D. , Shen Hongqing , Sun Luyi
Published: November 2021

The popular use of silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) in commercial textile products that inhibit odor- and/or infection-causing bacteria has continuously raised concerns about their washing durability. The poor durability not only deteriorates the antibacterial performance, but also results in unwanted leaching of NPs into washing solutions. In this study, we showed how the incorporation location of Ag NPs—interior vs. exterior of cotton fiber—governs their durability against consecutive simulated home launderings. The superior washing durability of interior NPs was confirmed. The Ag losses after 50 laundering cycles for interior and exterior systems were 16% and 63% in water and 24% and 78% in detergent solution, respectively. The cotton fabric containing interior NPs predominantly released ionic Ag, whereas the fabric containing exterior NPs released particulate Ag.
Nanofibrous Substrate for Tissue Engineering Applications—A Review
Authors: Osemwegie Odia , Lou Lihua , Smith Ernest , Ramkumar Seshadri
Published: November 2021

Nanofiber substrates have been used for various biomedical applications, including tissue regeneration, drug delivery, and in-vitro cell culture. However, despite the high volume of studies in this field, current clinical applications remain minimal. Innovations for their applications continuously generate exciting prospects. In this review, we discuss some of these novel innovations and identify critical factors to consider before their adoption for biomedical applications.
Investigation of Dimensional and Physical Properties of Eri Silk Bi-Layer Knit Fabrics for Active Wear Applications
Authors: Kumar T. Sathish , Kumar M. Ramesh , Kumar B. Senthil
Published: November 2021

The knitwear industry caters to the needs of the modern youth, whose preferences vary according to the trends and tastes of the modern age. This paper endeavors to demonstrate that active wear fabrics made of eri silk have very good physical properties. The main objective of this research is to investigate dimensional and physical properties of plated interlock, mini-flatback rib, and flatback rib structures developed with two different yarn counts (30s and 40s). The dimensional and physical properties of those samples are investigated in terms of dimensional stability, spirality, bursting strength, elongation percentage, fabric areal density, and fabric thickness. Variables such as yarn count and knit structure play a significant role on the dimensional and physical properties of the fabric.
Photochromic Microcapsules for Textile Materials by Spray Drying—Part 1: Production and Characterization of Photochromic Microcapsules
Authors: Morsümbül Seniha , Emriye Perrin Akçakoca Kumbasar , Çay Ahmet
Published: November 2021

This study, which is the first in a three-part series, deals with the encapsulation of photochromic dyes by spray drying. An aqueous ethyl cellulose dispersion and a spirooxazine-based photochromic dye were used as a shell and core material, respectively. The effects of main encapsulation parameters, such as solvent type, inlet temperature, feed rate, solid content, and aspirator rate were investigated. The encapsulation results were evaluated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images, particle size measurements, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The microcapsules obtained from a water-ethanol mixture exhibited photochromic properties. For microcapsule production, the optimum feed rate, total solid content, and aspirator rate were determined. Capsule formation improved with increased inlet air temperature. Spray drying to produce photochromic microcapsules could be a practical method for production of photochromic smart textiles.
Dyeing of Cotton Knit Fabric with Natural Dyes Extracted from Java Plum
Authors: Uddin Md. Koushic , Rahman Mustafizur , Bhattacharjee Shuva , Singh Susmita , Mojlish Shanjid Khan
Published: November 2021

Natural dyes extracted from natural sources are likely to be less harmful and more eco-friendly than synthetic dyes. In this study, cotton fabric was dyed with natural dyes extracted from Java plum fruit ( Syzygium cumini). Dyeing was accomplished with or without mordanting agents using simultaneous and post-mordanting methods. The color of the treated substrates was investigated in terms K/S and CIELAB values. In addition, the attenuation co-efficient and solubility in organic solvents of the extracted dyes were determined. The wash and rubbing fastness of the dyed fabrics were good to excellent. Deep shades were obtained by post mordanting method with ferrous sulfate, whereas alum treated fabrics produced brighter shades with excellent fastness. Java plum fruit is available in many countries and offers a possible substitute for synthetic dyes.
Assessment of Carbon Footprint of Various Cotton Knitwear Production Processes in Bangladesh
Authors: Amin Md. Ruhul , Mahmud Arif , Anannya Ferdausee Rahman
Published: November 2021

Carbon footprint is defined as the amount of greenhouse gases generated during the whole lifetime or within a specific boundary of a product. This study measured the average carbon footprint of some common cotton knitwear T-shirts, polo shirts, and fleece jackets during production using CCalC2 software. Energy and water consumption data were taken as the study's input, while direct and indirect emissions were not specified. The results show the amount of carbon dioxide emitted at different stages of knitwear production. Cotton processing and yarn spinning resulted in relatively high carbon dioxide emissions, while wet treatment gave similar results. Fleece jacket production gave high amounts of emitted carbon dioxide due to its complex fabric structure and high fabric weight, while T-shirts gave the lowest amount of the fabrics tested.
Effects of Monomer Compatibility on Sizing Performance of Chitosan-g-P(MA-co-AM)
Authors: Li Manli , Wang Shuangshuang , Jin Enqi , Yu Bing , Qiao Zhiyong
Published: November 2021

To impart good application performance to chitosan (CS) sizes for high polyester content warp yarns, methyl acrylate (MA) and acrylamide (AM) monomers, with a variation in feed molar ratio from 1:9 to 4:6, were grafted onto the molecular chains of native CS to obtain CS- g-P(MA- co-AM) products, with similar grafting ratios through a K2S2O8-NaHSO3 redox system. Effects of monomer compatibility of MA and AM on sizing performance of the CS- g-P(MA- co-AM) for high polyester content warp were studied. Grafting MA and AM with rational compatibility onto the molecular chains of CS is an effective method to improve the application performance of CS sizes. In view of the overall performance of the CS- g-P(MA- co-AM) sizes, the appropriate feed molar ratio of MA/AM should be 3:7.
Material Models to Study the Effect of Fines in Sandy Soils Based on Experimental and Numerical Results
Authors: Alnmr Ammar
Published: November 2021

Choosing and calibrating a robust and accurate soil material model (constitutive model) is the first important step in geotechnical numerical modelling. A less accurate model leads to poor results and more difficulty estimating true behaviour in the field. Subsequent design work is compromised and may lead to dangerous and costly mistakes. In this research, laboratory experimental results were used as a basis to evaluate several soil material models offered in Plaxis2D software. The deciding feature of the soil model was how well it could represent effects of percentage of fine material within sandy soils to simulate its behaviour. Results indicate that the Hardening Soil (HS) model works well when the percentage of fine (soft) materials is less than 10%. Above that level, the Soft Soil model (SS) becomes the most suitable.  Finally, some important conclusions about this research and recommendations for future research are highlighted.
Asphalt layers within railway tracks’ substructure
Authors: Qatamin Jehad , Amir Ibrahim
Published: November 2021

For both heavy cargo Rail lines and High-Speed Lines, the railway industry continues to develop railway track design technologies. Within the past years, using an asphalt layer as a part of the railway track became so common as a support layer, it helps to reduce noise and vibration levels, reduce the thickness of the cross-sectional layers, reduce the lifetime maintenance, and many other great advantages. This paper will discuss the application of asphalt layers in railways, functionality, application fields, and types of asphalted trackbeds. Design requirements and parameters of asphalt layers, the mix design, installation process, and international experiences will be mentioned. Asphalt layers can improve the overall performance of the trackbeds and their behavior under repeated stresses of trains, the effect of asphalt layers on stress and strain ratios will be briefly discussed.
A Review on the Role and Impact of Typical Alcohol Additives in Controlling Emissions from Diesel Engines
Authors: Chau Minh Quang , Le Van Vang , Le Tri Hieu , Bui Van Tam
Published: November 2021

Today, most of the essential energy needs of humans and production are met by fossil fuels that are expected to be exhausted in the next century. Furthermore, fossil fuels are not renewable and sensitive to the environment. In particular, there is growing concerned about the negative impact of internal combustion engine emissions on climate change and global environmental pollution. Fuel and alcohol-based additives are being considered as good candidates for sustainable alternative fuels used on compression ignition engines. In this review, the different key production pathways and properties of each of the five alcohol additive candidates were discussed. Besides, their effects on the emission characteristics of diesel engines when alcohol additives are added to diesel fuel are also carefully considered. Five candidates including methanol, ethanol, propanol, butanol, and pentanol have been shown to control pollutants from combustion engines while using alcohol-based additives. This is of great significance in the strategy of coping with the threats of pollution and climate change caused by the operation of transport vehicles
Pharmacological activity and biochemical interaction of zingerone: a flavour additive in spice food
Authors: Sahoo Bhaskar Chandra , Sahoo Suprava , Nayak Sanghamitra , Kar Basudeba
Published: November 2021

Zingerone (4-(4-Hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-2-butanone) is one of the non-volatile and nontoxic compounds of ginger. It is also called vanillylacetone with a crystalline solid form which is sparingly soluble in water and more soluble in ether. The contribution of this compound in ginger is about 9.25%. The chemical structure is made of a phenolic ring with methoxy group attached to benzene ring. Gingerol can be heated to form zingerone by retroaldol reaction. It has been reported that zingerone has multiple pharmacological activities. It is effective against diarrhoea causing enterotoxigenic bacteria that leads to infant death. It is also used against intestinal gastric, oxidative stress, weak immunity, obesity. During its activity against cancer, it governs the expression of different cell cycle protein and TGF-?1 expression. Antioxidant response is controlled by inducing the activity of ROS neutralising enzymes like superoxide dismutase, catalase and glutathione reductase. It can also reduce various inflammations by restricting the activity of interleukins. This review summarizes the multiple pharmacology activities of zingerone against various important diseases like cancers, tumors, inflammations, oxidative conditions, microbial infections, biofilm formations, thrombosis and other diseases. In addition, the molecular regulation of these pharmacological responses by zingerone is also critically discussed.
Improvement ability of male parent by gibberellic acid application to enhancing the outcrossing of cytoplasmic male sterility rice lines
Authors: HAMAD Hassan , GEWAILY Elsayed , GHONEIM Adel , SHEHAB Mohamed , EL-KHOLLY Neama
Published: November 2021

The study quantified the effect of gibberellic acid (GA3) as a pre-flowering treatment for male parent Giza 178 R and the influence of male to female ratio (2R:10A, 2R:12A, 2R:14A and 2R:16A) between male (R) to female (A) for two Cytoplasmic Male Sterility (CMS) lines (‘IR69625’ and ‘G46’) on hybrid rice seed production. The main plots were occupied by CMS lines while; GA3 application for male parent Giza 178R were arranged in the sub plots and male to female ratio was arranged in the sub-sub plots. The results indicated that, the, duration of floret opening, angle of floret opening, filaments exsertion, filaments length, anther length, plant height and number of tiller hill-1 of male parent Giza 178R were significantly at 300 g GA3 ha-1 concentration. Plant height, panicle exsertion, panicle length, flag leaf angle and 1000-grain mass of CMS were not significantly affected by the GA3 application for male parent and male to female ratio, while, number of fertile panicles hill-1, panicle mass, seed set, seed yield and harvest index of CMS lines were highly significantly affected. The highest seed yield (2.880 and 2.950 t ha-1) was obtained by CMS line IR69625A using 300 g GA3 ha-1 of male parent Giza 178R with male to female ratio of 2R:14A during both seasons.
ASER: Arabic Speech Emotion Recognition Employing Wav2vec2.0 and HuBERT Based on BAVED Dataset
Authors: Ahmed Salah
Published: November 2021

Recently, there have been tremendous research outcomes in the fields of speech recognition and natural language processing. This is  due to the well-developed multilayers deep learning paradigms such as wav2vec2.0, Wav2vecU, WavBERT, and HuBERT that provide better representation learning and high information capturing.  Such paradigms run on hundreds of unlabeled data, then fine-tuned on a small dataset for specific tasks.

This paper introduces a deep learning constructed emotional recognition model for Arabic speech dialogues. The developed model employs the state of the art audio representations include wav2vec2.0 and HuBERT. The experiment and performance outcomes of our model overcome the previous known results.
The Interesting and Complete Artificial Intelligence (ICAI) – Version 1
Authors: Gajawada Satish , Mustafa Hassan M. H.
Published: November 2021

A new field titled “The Interesting and Complete Artificial Intelligence (ICAI)” is invented in this work. In this article, we define this new ICAI field. Four new ICAI algorithms are designed in this work. This paper titled “The Interesting and Complete Artificial Intelligence (ICAI) – Version 1” is just the starting point of this new field. We request Research Scientists across the globe to work in this new direction of Artificial Intelligence and publish their work with titles such as “The Interesting and Complete Artificial Intelligence (ICAI) – Version 1.1”, “The Interesting and Complete Artificial Intelligence (ICAI) – Version 2” or “The Interesting and Complete Artificial Intelligence (ICAI) – Final Version”.
POLITYKA PIASTÓW ŚLĄSKICH I WIELKOPO LSKICH WOBEC TEMPLARIUSZY NAD ŚRODKOWĄ ODRĄ I DOLNĄ WARTĄ W XIII WIEKU
Authors: Przybył Maciej
Published: November 2021

This article revolves around patrimonies for the Templars on the borders of Lubusz, Wielkopolska and Pomerania regions. The author presents the course of these patrimonies in a context of the political actions on the part of Piast dukes in Silesia and Wielkopolska. The article consists of three parts: the first of them presents the invitation of the Templars to Poland, with the (nearly concurrent) contribution made in the third decade of the 13th century by Henry I Bearded and Władysław Odonic. Part two is dedicated to the controversial patrimony of Chwarszczany on the Myśla, the biggest Templars’ commandery on the central Oder and the lower Warta and Wielka Wieś – a dominion located on the Lubusz and Wielkopolska border. In the last part, attention has been drawn to the subsequent patrimonies for the Templars in the area in question from 1234-1261.
KILKA UWAG O KOLORYSTYCE BAZYLIKI NORBERTANEK W STRZELNIE W XIII-XIV WIEKU
Authors: Sulkowska-Tuszyńska Krystyna
Published: November 2021

The article sums up the reflections on the relics of medieval plaster and layers of paint on the walls, columns and pillars of the Norbertine nuns convent in Strzelno completed around the 2nd-3rd quarter of the 13th century. The relics of the polychromies observed by numerous enthusiasts of the Romanesque Strzelno and discovered during archaeological excavations were topped with the results of conservation-restoration works which uncovered the first figural polychromies in the chancel’s apse. Following verification of the dating of the colours of the church’s interior, an indication was made that in the 13th century, the colour red prevailed; in the 15th-16th centuries, the figural scenes of the apse sported many colours while the remaining part of the sacrum was brightened up with three-colour, geometric patterns. To complete the range of colours, floor tiles were added. Examples have been provided of specialist painting analyses. The entire arrangement has been compared with selected colourful medieval structures. References have been made to the symbolism of the colours used in the Middle Ages and thecontemporary, erroneous perception of Romanesque architecture as rustic, devoid of plaster and colours.
STUDIA NAD STRATYGRAFIĄ I POZIOMAMI ARCHITEKTONICZNO-UŻYTKOWYMI ZAMKU KRUSZWICKIEGO
Authors: Pawlak Piotr
Published: November 2021

The castle in Kruszwica was built after 1343, at the request of Casimir III the Great. The oldest written sources, Kronika by Jan of Czarnków, dates the construction of the castle back to 1350-1355. The castle hosted the seat of the starost, judiciary authorities and a prison. In 1973-1982, the excavations were located in the central and south-western parts of the Castle Hill. In 2007-2008, the archaeological excavations were moved to the crests of the Hill; in 2010-2011 they were located chiefly near the structures of the castle building, still uncovered in 1973-1982. As a result, relics of the castle house were excavated together with several cellar rooms and fragments of the peripheral wall with remains of a gate. Following the results of stratigraphic and architectural analyses, the results of the research into the movable historic material, coupled with the results of 14C radiocarbon dating, four chronological periods have been identified in the history of the castle in Kruszwica: period I – since the mid-14th c. to 1519; period II – after 1519 to 1591; period III – after 1591 to 1657; period IV – after 1657.
Neue Forschungen zur Rekonstruktion der Schatzhäuser von Olympia – Ein Zwischenbericht
Authors: Wolf Markus
Published: November 2021

Since June 2018 the treasuries of the Archaic and early Classical period at Olympia in Southern Greece were explored. The new study is based on the unpublished works of the researcher Klaus Herrmann, who worked about the treasuries since 1968 and died in 2015, with the intention to prepare all the material and information for a final publication. For this reason, a new general plan of all the foundations and new drawings of series of architectural elements not yet recorded as well as computer graphics of the reconstruction of the treasuries were worked out. In this paper especially the treasury of Sikyon and its reused elements in the early Christian walls of the so called Spolienhaus as well as the easternmost treasury of Gela will be presented. Important for these two treasuries are also the older works of the researcher Hans Schleif in the period between 1937 and his death in 1945.
Überlegungen zu einer neu entdeckten Architekturzeichnung Michelangelos
Authors: Garbe Otfried
Published: November 2021

The author presents a newly discovered architectural drawing which shows one of the two identical portals in the reading room of the Biblioteca Laurenziana in Florence. The drawing is attributed to Michelangelo by the author and compared with two other drawings by the artist, one of which connects the Cloister with the vestibule of the Library and another that leads from the vestibule to the reading room. The present drawing has close visual similarities with both the drawings generally accepted as Michelangelo’s. However, it is distinguished by a double pediment that combines a triangular structure with a rounded one. In addition, it is designed in a perspectival manner that takes into account the depth of the opening and of its pediment. All three drawings have the same overall proportions, corresponding to the ›divina proportione‹. The openings in the three drawings have a quotient that is identical with the square root of five. The handwriting within the opening appears to be identical with Michelangelo’s hand.
Parallels in German, Austrian and Hungarian Town-Hall-Architecture during the Austrian-Hungarian Monarchy (1867–1918)
Authors: Megyeri-Pálffi Zoltán , Marótzy Katalin
Published: November 2021

Our study focuses on the development of Central European town-hall-architecture from the 1860s to the First World War. We compare the town-hall-architecture of two countries: the Austro-Hungarian Monarchy (1867) and Germany (1871). Both states were born pursuant to public law in this period, as well. This fact as well as the similar political, economic and cultural conditions led to similar public construction works. The increasing power of the bourgeoisie was also reflected by architecture; therefore a large number of town halls were built in this period.

In our study, we analyse the functional system and the architectural design of the town halls of this region based on their façades, style and mass, thus placing the close cultural relations of the two states subject to our examination into a new perspective.
Recreational Marijuana Sales Legalization and Monday Work Injury Claims
Authors: Dong Xiuming
Published: November 2021

An important stylized fact in the literature is that more Workers’ Compensation claims for difficult-to-diagnose injuries are filed on Monday than on any other day of the week. This paper studies the impact of recreational marijuana sales legalization on Monday work injury claims. Using restricted-use Workers’ Compensation claim data in Oregon and a Difference-in-Differences (DiD) model, I find the probability of overall Monday injuries increase by 4 percentage points after recreational marijuana sales legalization. The event study graphs suggest the medium-term effects appear to equal the short-term effects. Additionally, I do not find strong evidence to support those difficult-to-diagnose Monday injuries disproportionately increase after recreational marijuana sales legalization, suggesting a limited moral hazard of Monday injury claiming behavior after recreational marijuana sales legalization.
Synthesis, optical and structural characterisation of ZnS nanoparticles derived from Zn(ii) dithiocarbamate complexes
Authors: Onwudiwe Damian C. , Adeyemi Jerry O. , Papane Rebecca T. , Bobinihi Felicia F. , Hosten Eric
Published: November 2021

Zinc sulphide nanoparticles represented as ZnS1, ZnS2 and ZnS3 have been prepared from Zn(ii) N-methyl-N-ethanoldithiocarbamate (1) complex and its 2,2′-bipyridine (2) and 1,10′-phenanthroline (3) adducts, respectively. Both the parent complex (1) and the adducts (2) and (3) were characterised by spectroscopic techniques and elemental analysis. In the solid state, the structures of complexes (1) and (2) were established using single-crystal X-ray analysis. Complex (1) possessed a distorted trigonal bipyramidal geometry about the zinc centre, whilst forming a dimer via bidentate bridging coordination between two opposite dithiocarbamate motifs. On the other hand, complex (2) formed a trigonal prismatic geometry about the Zn centre with a ZnS4N2 chromophore. The decomposition of the complexes in hexadecylamine afforded spherical-shaped ZnS nanoparticles of the cubic sphalerite crystal phase. The transmission electron microscopy (TEM) micrographs showed that the average particles size of ZnS1, ZnS2 and ZnS3 were 2.63, 5.27 and 6.52 nm, respectively. In the optical study, the estimated bandgap energies were found in the range between 4.34 and 4.08 eV, which indicated a blue shift when compared with the bandgap energy of bulk ZnS.
Two-dimensional TiC nanocrystals produced by molten salt treatment of carbon black and Ti2AlC
Authors: Zhang Yanli , Dai Zhen , Niu Dongming , Liang Baoyan , Li Qisong , Yang Li
Published: November 2021

In this study, 2D TiC nanosheets were successfully synthesized by reacting carbon black and Ti2AlC in a molten NaCl/KCl eutectic salt. The effects of salt content and ratio of raw materials on the phase composition and purity of TiC products were systematically investigated. Results showed that carbon black enhanced the total decomposition of Ti2AlC to TiC, Al, and Al3Ti at 1100 °C. The introduction of molten salt ensured the formation of TiC nanosheets. Excess carbon influenced the synthesis of high TiC content by removing the Al and Al3Ti by-products. TiC nanosheets had a thickness of approximately 10–20 nm and a length of approximately 150–200 nm. A possible synthesis mechanism of TiC nanosheets was proposed.
A solid-state approach for the low temperature synthesis of Cr3Si hollow particles
Authors: Wang Liangbiao , Chen Zhe , Xie Yongjie , Xiong Yuting , Cheng Qinglin , Wang Ziyan , Zhang Hengyuan , Zhou Ziming , Zhang Kailong , Mei Tao
Published: November 2021

In this paper, pure cubic chromium silicide (Cr3Si) hollow particles have been successfully synthesized through the solid-state reaction of chromium sesquioxide, silicon powder and metallic lithium in an autoclave at 600 °C for 10 h. The as-prepared samples were characterized by means of X-ray diffraction, field emission scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy, which showed that the as-prepared samples were cubic phase Cr3Si hollow particles. Furthermore, the oxidation resistance of the obtained Cr3Si sample was also investigated.
Micellar-Enhanced Spectrofluorimetric Method for Quantification of Diclofenac Potassium in Pure Form, in Pharmaceutical Preparations and Human Plasma
Authors: Khan Muhammad Naeem , Irum  , Gul Saba , Muslima  , Mursaleen Muhammad
Published: November 2021

A rapid, simple and economical spectrofluorimetric method for the determination of diclofenac potassium in pure form, in pharmaceutical preparations and in human plasma has been developed. The method is based on the enhancement of the fluorescence signal of diclofenac potassium by the addition of sodium dodecyl sulphate in McIvaine buffer with a pH of 5. Different experimental conditions such as buffer type, pH, type and concentration of surfactants were investigated. The fluorescence intensity of the solution was recorded at 361 nm after excitation at 243 nm. The method shows linearity in the concentration range of 0.2 μg mL–1–10 μg mL–1 with a good correlation coefficient of 0.997. The relative standard deviation value was 3.62 (n = 7). The limit of detection and limit of quantification were calculated to be 2.84 × 10–3 μg mL–1 and 9.47 × 10–3 μg mL-1, respectively. The effect of excipients and co-administrated drugs was investigated and no interference was observed. The method was successfully applied for the determination of diclofenac potassium in pure form, in pharmaceutical products and in human plasma. The percentage recoveries obtained ranged from 100.25% to 102.16% for pure form and 97.50% to 102.00% for pharmaceutical products and from 98.50% to 101.67% for human plasma.
Removal of Surfactant Cetyldimethylethyl Ammonium Bromide from Water using Adsorption in Combination with a Membrane Pilot Plant
Authors: Zahoor Muhammad , Alam Sultan , Ali Muhammad , Khan Muhammad Sufaid
Published: November 2021

In this study, a magnetic carbon nanocomposite (MCNC) was prepared using peanut shell biomass as carbon source. The prepared adsorbent was characterised by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), thermogravimetric/differential thermal analysis (TGA/DTA) and BET surface analysis. Batch experiments were carried out to determine the adsorption parameters of cetyl dimethylethyl ammonium bromide (CDEAB) on MCNC. Of the isotherm and kinetics models used, the Langmuir model fitted the equilibrium adsorption data best, while the kinetics data were best explained by the second-order kinetic pseudo-equation. The numerical values of enthalpy change (ΔH8 = 38 kJ mol–1) and Gibb free energy (ΔG8 = 70.95 kJ mol–1, 72.19 kJ mol–1 and 73.32 kJ mol–1 corresponding to 20°C, 30°C and 40 °C, respectively) were positive, while the value of entropy change (ΔS8 = –0.11 kJ mol–1 K–1) indicated an endothermic and non-spontaneous process. After determining the optimal adsorption parameters, the adsorbent was used in a hybrid plant with a membrane pilot plant equipped with ultrafiltration (UF), nanofiltration (NF) and reverse osmosis (RO) membranes. In MCNC/membrane operation, an improvement in permeate flux was observed for the three selected membranes. The percentage retention of UF and NF membranes was also improved by MCNC pre-treatments in hybrid mode.
Alcohol-Based Sanitizers: An Effective Means for Preventing the Spread of Contagious Viral Diseases Including COVID-19
Authors: Chaudhary Narendra Kumar , Guragain Biswash , Rai Summi , Chaudhary Nabina , Chaudhary Rahul , Sachin KM , Lamichhane-Khadka Reena , Bhattarai Ajaya
Published: November 2021

The global community is struggling with the highly contagious COVID-19. Returning to \normal life" now poses risks, and the use of appropriate protective measures has become necessary to continue daily life and protect public health. The main protective measures to prevent transmission of COVID-19 are masks, soaps and disinfectants. Because coronavirus is a \lipid-enveloped virus", it is very sensitive to lipid-dissolving chemicals and can therefore be effectively removed by washing hands sufficiently with soap and water. However, using an alcohol-based disinfectant is a more viable option for outdoor use. Alcohol-based disinfectants are inexpensive, immediately effective, easy to use and better tolerated by the skin compared to other disinfectants. WHO recommends disinfectants containing 75% isopropanol or 80% ethanol as highly effective in inactivating the SARS-CoV-2-virus. The current review discusses the role of alcohol-based hand sanitizers (ABHS) in preventing the spread of viruses, their side effects on human health, and suggests the use of alcohol-based sanitizers as potentially effective in combating the current epidemic.
Screening of Biosurfactant Producing Bacteria Isolated from Hydrocarbon Contaminated Site and Their Potential in Biosorption of Pb(II) and Oil Biodegradation
Authors: Rastogi Swati , Ratna Sheel , Kumar Rajesh
Published: November 2021

In the present study, three potentially Pb(II)-resistant and biosurfactant-producing bacterial strains were isolated from a total of 23 strains using various screening methods, investigated for their biosorption of Pb(II) and used for the biodegradation of used motor oil. The results show that strain E1 (Bacillus haynesii) has significantly high efficiency in biodegradation of used motor oil, up to 82 % in the first three days. Maximum Pb(II) biosorption capacities of 238.09 mg/g and 99.01 mg/g were determined for strains E1 and F5 (Pseudomonas aeruginosa), respectively. The biosorption process was found to be in good agreement with the Langmuir isotherm for both E1 (R2 = 0.9614) and F5 (R2 = 0.9646), suggesting monolayer biosorption. The four common screening methods, namely the haemolytic assay, the determination of surface tension, the emulsifying activity and the foam test, were also correlated with the Pearson correlation method.
Preparation and Performance Evaluation of Gemini Sulphobetaine Surfactant Bis{[(N-methyl-N-(3-alkoxy-2-hydroxy) propyl-N-(3-sulfonic) propyl] methylene}
Authors: Zuo Zhonghua , Zhou Ming , Liao Mao , Peng Pengao , Zhang Jingfeng
Published: November 2021

Surfactants are very often used in tertiary oil production. However, the conventional surfactants cannot be used in high salinity reservoirs of tertiary oil production because the high salinity leads to the deactivation of the surfactants. Gemini sulpho-betaine surfactants have been developed to meet the requirements of tertiary oil production in such reservoirs. In this study, the Gemini sulphobetaine surfactant (bis{[(N-methyl-N-(3-alkoxy-2-hydroxy)propyl-N-(3-sulfonate)propyl]methylene}) was prepared by etherification, ring opening reaction and sulfonation reaction with decyl alcohol, epichlorohydrin, N,N’-dimethyl ethylene diamine and 1,3-propanesultone. The experimental conditions obtained are: the ratio of 1,3-propanesulfonic acid lactone to tertiary amine intermediate = 2.3 : 1, reaction temperature = 70°C and reaction time = 11 h. The analysis of the infrared spectrum showed that the structure of the synthesised substance corresponds to that of a Gemini sulphobetaine surfactant. The chemical shifts of the groups were determined by 1HNMR structural characterisation of the products. The surface tension, emulsifying properties, foaming properties and wetting properties were investigated. The results showed that the surfactant has good foaming properties and good compatibility in a high salt environment.
Synthesis and Characterization of an Amphoteric Asphalt Emulsifier
Authors: Shi Laishun , Ji Tong , Ma Jingqiu , Yu Xiaomeng , Chen Yawen
Published: November 2021

A novel amphoteric asphalt emulsifier of octadecylbis(propanamide)-(3’-sodium phosphate-2’-hydroxypropyl)ammonium chloride was synthesised from the raw materials octadecylamine, acrylamide, epichlorohydrin and sodium dihydrogen phosphate. The tertiary amine octadecyl-bis(propanamide) was synthesised from octadecylamine and acrylamide (step 1). Sodium 3-chloro-2-hydroxypropyl phosphate (intermediate) was obtained from epichlorohydrin and sodium dihydrogen phosphate (step 2). The asphalt emulsifier was obtained from octadecyl-bis(propanamide)-tertiary amine and the intermediate by quaternisation reaction (step 3). The yield of the final product reached 94.90%. The structure was identified by FTIR,1H-NMR and elemental analysis. The critical micelle concentration of the product is 1.46 × 10–5mol L–1. The surface tension at CMC is 37.78 mN ν–1. The saturated adsorption amount of asphalt emulsifier is 2.72 × 10–3mmol ν–2. The occupied area per asphalt emulsifier molecule at CMC is 0.611 nm2mol–1. The surfactant is a fast-setting asphalt emulsifier.
Assessment and Application of Modified Cationic Polyvinyl Alcohol Emulsifiers in Bitumen Emulsions
Authors: Wang Linlin , Wang Xiaoxi , Hou Runhan , Zhang Qian , Wang Yuexin
Published: November 2021

In this work, a series of emulsifiers were prepared by changing the molar ratio of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) to the long chain quaternary ammonium salt (A0). The emulsifiers were characterised by FTIR and 1HNMR. The stability of the emulsions was checked and evaluated by determining the phase separation and by UV-Vis spectrophotometry. The emulsion stability increased with increasing emulsifier concentration, which was mainly due to the reduced droplet size and increased viscosity of the emulsions. Stability was also dependent on pH. At pH values between 5 to 3, stability was increased, but at further decreasing pH values, the emulsion became unstable or the emulsion separated. This could be mainly because the excess of positive ions compresses the double electron layer. The experimental results showed that PVA as a macromolecular matrix material has a great application potential for the emulsification process.
Polypropylene Glycol Modified Chitosan Composite as a Novel Adsorbent to Remove Cu(II) From Wastewater
Authors: Ji Zheng , Zhang Yansong , Wang Huchuan , Li Chuanrun
Published: November 2021

Pollution by heavy metals has become a problem that needs to be solved urgently. Therefore, the development of new efficient adsorbents to treat this pollution is of great importance. Due to their excellent adsorption properties and good biodegradability, natural polymeric materials are potential problem solvers. This study reports on the production and application of polypropylene glycol modified chitosan composites (PMC). The PMC composite material has many functional groups (–OH and –NH2). Its maximum adsorption capacity for Cu(II) is 661.8 mg g–1. The corresponding adsorption studies, including the effects of pH, contact time and amount of adsorbent, showed that the PMC composite has potential application value.
Integration von Process Mining ins Shopfloor Management
Authors: Dombrowski Uwe , Triltsch Udo , Kubin Gerd , Ortmeier Christian , Schlenzka Jonas , Kellermann Stephan
Published: November 2021

Das produzierende Gewerbe und insbesondere kleine und mittelständische Unternehmen stehen aktuell vor der Herausforderung, die Wettbewerbssicherung durch ein effizientes und effektives Produktionssystem zu gewährleisten. Um dieses Ziel zu erreichen, wird der systematische Einsatz von Methoden und Werkzeugen Ganzheitlicher Produktionssysteme (GPS) forciert. Das Shopfloor Management (SFM) stellt dabei eine etablierte Methode zur Überwachung der Zielgrößen hinsichtlich Qualität, Kosten und Zeit dar. Die steigende Datenvernetzung und durchgängigkeit in der Produktion eröffnen für das herkömmliche SFM neue Potenziale. Im Rahmen eines Forschungsprojektes zwischen der MAN Truck & Bus SE und der Technischen Universität Braunschweig wurden daher Herausforderungen und Chancen bei der Integration von Process Mining (PM) in das SFM untersucht und eine Methodik zur Implementierung entwickelt.
Betriebsdaten und ihre aktuellen Potenziale
Authors: Arnold Daniel , Wilmsmeier Sören , Denkena Berend , Dayeg Aymen
Published: November 2021

Für produzierende Unternehmen sind Produktionsdaten das neue Gold. Insbesondere für die Produktionsplanung und -steuerung sind die Qualität und die Aktualität der erfassten Daten entscheidend. Der aktuelle Stand der Technik beim Schürfen des Goldes ist jedoch noch immer geprägt von manuellen Tätigkeiten. Wie effizient diese Praxis bei der Erfassung der Daten in den Unternehmen ist und welche Auswirkung diese auf die „Reinheit“ der Daten hat, zeigt dieser Beitrag.
Verschleißschutzschichten für das Halbwarmschmieden
Authors: Schellenberg David , Plogmeyer Marcel , Kruse Jens , Stonis Malte , Behrens Bernd-Arno , Bräuer Günter
Published: November 2021

Im Automobil- und Maschinenbau werden massivumgeformte Bauteile in vielen Anwendungen eingesetzt. Die Gesenke für die Bauteile erfahren während der Umformung aufgrund von hohen Umformkräften und Temperaturen einen hohen Verschleiß. Um einen wirtschaftlichen Produktionsbetrieb zu ermöglichen, wurden Methoden zur Verminderung des Verschleißes bei der Halbwarmumformung untersucht. Eine vielversprechende Methode ist der Einsatz von Diamondlike-Carbon (DLC)-Verschleißschutzschichten.
Konzept eines systemischen Entwicklungsprozesses zur Hebung von Leichtbaupotenzialen
Authors: Scholz Johannes , Kaspar Jerome , Quirin Steven , Kneidl Benedikt , Kleiner Sven , Friedmann Marco , Fleischer Jürgen , Herrmann Hans-Georg , Vielhaber Michael
Published: November 2021

Abseits der klassischen Leichtbaubranchen ist eine gezielte Gewichtsreduktion aufgrund der Mehrkosten, trotz ihrer großen Potenziale, stark gehemmt. In dieser Arbeit wird ein Konzept für einen systemischen Leichtbauentwicklungsprozess vorgestellt, der es ermöglichen soll, leichtere Produkte effizient zu entwickeln. Der Fokus liegt auf der integrierten Betrachtung der Domänen Produkt, Produktion, Werkstoff und Fügetechnologie.
Zukunftsperspektive von Lithium-Ionen-Batteriepacks
Authors: Kirschner Christoph , Moerth-Teo Oliver , Ramsauer Christian
Published: November 2021

Um dem Voranschreiten des Klimawandels entgegen zu wirken, sind globale Lösungen auf offene Fragen der Elektromobilität notwendig. Aufbauend auf einer Literaturrecherche erörtert dieser Beitrag mögliche Trends und Herausforderungen der Produktionsphase eines Lithium-Ionen-Batteriepacks. Daraus werden relevante Unsicherheiten, die diese Branche zukünftig stark beeinflussen werden, sowie entsprechende Forschungsansätze abgeleitet.
Wertstromgerechte Produktgestaltung mittels Simulation absichern
Authors: Riedel Oliver , Scholtz Oliver , Marrenbach Dirk , Hornung Tim , Mack Jessica
Published: November 2021

Die Methodik, Produkt und Produktionssystem wertstromgerecht aufeinander abzustimmen, wird anhand eines Demonstrationsprodukts am Fraunhofer IAO beispielhaft vorgestellt. Hierbei werden in einer frühen Phase der Produktentwicklung der Wertstrom simuliert und die Lieferfähigkeit analysiert. In Anlehnung an ein reales Industrieprodukt werden das lieferzeitbestimmende Teil standardisiert und die Variantenanzahl von 128 auf 2 verringert. Mit dieser wertstromgerechten Produktgestaltung können die Anforderungen an die Lieferfähigkeit erfüllt werden.
Agentenbasierte Simulation für CPPS
Authors: Voit Patrick , Jira Marco , Horn Max , Seidel Christian
Published: November 2021

Für Cyber-physische Produktionssysteme entwickeln Fertigungsplaner modular, skalierbare Fertigungszellen. Die alternativen Zellkonfigurationen sind jedoch aufgrund diverser Einflüsse in der kundenindividuellen Massenfertigung aufwändig zu bewerten. Zur virtuellen Absicherung wird daher ein simulationsgestützter Modellierungs- und Bewertungsansatz vorgestellt. Der Ansatz besteht aus einem methodischen Vorgehen mit einem zugrundeliegenden agentenbasierten Simulationsmodell.
Eigenschaften marktfähiger AM-Dienstleistungen
Authors: Kompalik Paul Nikolas , Menold Paul Philipp
Published: November 2021

Additive Fertigung hat das Potenzial, die Industrie zu revolutionieren. Derzeit mangelt es noch an der Industrialisierung. Die Applikation der Service-Centered-Theorie erzeugt einen Mehrwert für Unternehmen als Hilfe bei der Entwicklung von marktfähigen Dienstleistungen für die Additive Fertigung. Unternehmen sollten vertieft Dienstleistungsangebote mit Abonnement entwickeln, um das Potenzial der ohnehin vorliegenden relationalen Kundenbeziehung bestmöglich auszuschöpfen.
Konzeption und Entwicklung eines Produktionsanlagenkonfigurators
Authors: Gönnheimer Philipp , Ehrmann Christopher , Wu Yaguang , Kimmig Andreas , Fleischer Jürgen
Published: November 2021

Kürzere Produktlebenszyklen und der fortschreitende Trend zur Individualisierung von Produktionsgütern mit immer kleineren Losgrößen führen zu der Notwendigkeit eines wiederkehrenden Prozesses, der die Auswahl und Konfiguration von Produktionssystemen beinhaltet. Produktionssysteme werden dabei auf Basis der Produktanforderungen aus einer großen Zahl komplexer Einzelmaschinen und Komponenten zusammengestellt, was zu einem hohen Integrationsaufwand führt. In diesem Beitrag wird daher ein Ansatz zur nutzerindividuellen, modellbasierten Auswahl von Maschinen und Anlagen vorgestellt, der im Rahmen eines deutsch-chinesischen Industrie-4.0-Forschungsprojekts entwickelt wurde.
Konzept zur Lösung von industriellen Reihenfolgeplanungsproblemen
Authors: Schworm Philipp , Klar Matthias , Glatt Moritz , Aurich Jan C.
Published: November 2021

Das auf quantenmechanischen Prozessen basierende Quanten-Annealing ist eine Technologie, die es erlaubt, Energieminimierungsprobleme effizient zu lösen. Durch die Formulierung von Reihenfolgeplanungsproblemen als Energieminimierungsprobleme bieten sich Potenziale einer zeiteffizienten Lösung mittels Quanten-Annealing. Gegenstand dieses Beitrags ist ein Konzept zur Überführung von Reihenfolgeminimierungsproblemen in eine mittels Quanten-Annealing verarbeitbare Problemformulierung.
MBSE-Modellierung für Verhaltens- und Struktursimulation
Authors: Zimmermann Thomas C.
Published: November 2021

Technische Systeme werden mithilfe von Modellbasiertem Systems Engineering (MBSE) beschrieben, um eine domänenübergreifende Wissensbasis zu erzeugen, die es den beteiligten Stakeholdern ermöglicht, Systemelemente konsistent und parallel zu entwickeln. Die Qualität dieser Modelle ist maßgeblich dafür, wie effizient dieses Wissen aus dem MBSE auch zur Systemexploration verwendet werden kann, um Systemzusammenhänge zu analysieren, indem verschiedene Modellarten gemeinsam simuliert werden.