bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Pre- and Postcollapse Ground Deformation Revealed by SAR Interferometry: A Case Study of Foshan (China) Ground Collapse
Authors: Zhu Wu , Zhang Yan , Liu Zhanke , Zhu Qian
Published: September 2020

On the evening of 7 February 2018, a deadly collapse of a metro tunnel under construction in the Southern China city of Foshan caused 11 deaths, 8 injuries, and 1 missing person. For disaster prevention and mitigation, the spatiotemporal ground deformations before and after the collapse event were derived from 55 Sentinel-1A synthetic aperture radar (SAR) images spanning from March 2017 to January 2019. The results showed that prominent ground subsidence in the shape of a funnel with a maximum rate of 42 mm/year was observed in the vicinity of the collapse area before the accident. After the accident, the area and magnitude of subsidence decreased compared with precollapse subsidence. This decrease is related to the progress of tunnel excavation and groundwater changes. In the temporal domain, continuous subsidence was observed over a year before and after the accident, and accelerated subsidence appeared one month before the collapse accident. Soft soil consolidation and tunnel-induced soil losses were the main reasons for the subsidence over the study area. The leakage of groundwater accounted for the collapse event. The leaked groundwater eroded the soil, resulting in the formation of an arched hole. The connection between the arched hole and the tunnel reduced the bearing capacity of the soil layer above the arched hole, triggering the collapse event. The findings provide scientific evidence for future collapse monitoring and early warning due to tunnel excavation.
Multiplex Immunofluorescence in Formalin-Fixed Paraffin-Embedded Tumor Tissue to Identify Single-Cell–Level PI3K Pathway Activation
Authors: Stopsack Konrad H. , Huang Ying , Tyekucheva Svitlana , Gerke Travis A. , Bango Clyde , Elfandy Habiba , Bowden Michaela , Penney Kathryn L. , Roberts Thomas M. , Parmigiani Giovanni , Kantoff Philip W. , Mucci Lorelei A. , Loda Massimo
Published: September 2020

Purpose:

Identifying cancers with high PI3K pathway activity is critical for treatment selection and eligibility into clinical trials of PI3K inhibitors. Assessments of tumor signaling pathway activity need to consider intratumoral heterogeneity and multiple regulatory nodes.

Experimental Design:

We established a novel, mechanistically informed approach to assessing tumor signaling pathways by quantifying single-cell–level multiplex immunofluorescence using custom algorithms. In a proof-of-concept study, we stained archival formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tissue from patients with primary prostate cancer in two prospective cohort studies, the Health Professionals Follow-up Study and the Physicians’ Health Study. PTEN, stathmin, and phospho-S6 were quantified on 14 tissue microarrays as indicators of PI3K activation to derive cell-level PI3K scores.

Results:

In 1,001 men, 988,254 tumor cells were assessed (median, 743 per tumor; interquartile range, 290–1,377). PI3K scores were higher in tumors with PTEN loss scored by a pathologist, higher Gleason grade, and a new, validated bulk PI3K transcriptional signature. Unsupervised machine-learning approaches resulted in similar clustering. Within-tumor heterogeneity in cell-level PI3K scores was high. During long-term follow-up (median, 15.3 years), rates of progression to metastases and death from prostate cancer were twice as high in the highest quartile of PI3K activation compared with the lowest quartile (hazard ratio, 2.04; 95% confidence interval, 1.13–3.68).

Conclusions:

Our novel pathway-focused approach to quantifying single-cell–level immunofluorescence in FFPE tissue identifies prostate tumors with PI3K pathway activation that are more aggressive and may respond to pathway inhibitors.
The Effectiveness of Perampanel for Myoclonic Seizures in Down Syndrome with Isodicentric Chromosome 21
Authors: Obara Koji , Imota Tsuyoshi , Mamiya Shigeo , Toyoshima Itaru
Published: September 2020

Epileptic seizures are common in the elderly Down syndrome population. We encountered a patient with Down syndrome in whom karyotyping showed the rare isodicentric chromosome 21 and who suffered from myoclonic seizures. A 52-year-old woman with Down syndrome experienced sudden onset of drowsiness and frequent myoclonic jerks in the upper body. Video-EEG recordings demonstrated generalized polyspike-wave discharges consistent with myoclonic jerks, which were exacerbated by photo-stimulation. Her myoclonus completely resolved with perampanel administration. Perampanel was effective for myoclonic seizures in our patient. We suggest that perampanel is an option as first-line therapy for epilepsy and myoclonus in elderly Down syndrome patients.
Comparison of Two Single-Incision Mini-Slings for the Treatment of Incontinence
Authors: Yıldız Guner , Batur Ali Furkan , Akand Murat , Kılıç Özcan , Şahin Mehmet Oğuz
Published: September 2020

Introduction: This study aimed to compare the safety and efficacy of 2 single-incision mini-sling (SIMS) systems with different designs of anchoring mechanism. Methods: The records of patients who have been operated for the treatment of female stress urinary incontinence (SUI) with 2 different SIMS systems were retrospectively evaluated. Patient characteristics, physical examination results, and quality of life (QoL) questionnaires were used to evaluate the patients. Primary efficacy endpoints were the cure and failure rates. Secondary efficacy endpoints were complications and differences in QoL questionnaires. Results: Eighty-three patients from group 1 (Ophira SIMS system) and 77 patients from group 2 (Gallini SIMS system) were evaluated. There was no significant difference between the 2 groups regarding patient characteristics. The objective cure rates were found to be 83.1 and 79.2% in group 1 and group 2, respectively (p = 0.09). Mesh-related complications, such as anchor displacement, bladder erosion, vaginal erosion, and groin pain, were more common in group 1. No severe complications were observed. For both groups, a significant improvement in all scores of QoL questionnaires was observed after surgery; however, the differences between 2 groups were not significant. Conclusions: The present study showed that the treatment of female SUI with 2 different SIMS systems had similar efficacy, complication rates, and scores in QoL questionnaires.
Del monopolio católico al establecimiento del pentecostalismo
Authors: Olguín Fabián Gaspar Bustamante , Orellana Felipe
Published: September 2020

El presente artículo ofrece un análisis de los cambios en el cristianismo latinoamericano desde la segunda mitad del siglo XX. Interesa demostrar, por un lado, las tensiones al interior del catolicismo latinoamericano, las cuales derivaron en exclusión de diversos sectores dentro de él (en particular la teología de la liberación), y además permitieron, por otro lado, la pérdida de hegemonía de su monopolio en el continente, producto del establecimiento del pentecostalismo, con gran capacidad de adaptación a los contextos culturales latinoamericanos. El artículo se realizó mediante una exhaustiva revisión bibliográfica para generar la reflexión desde un punto de vista sociohistórico.
Trajectory of Risk-Standardized Survival Rates for In-Hospital Cardiac Arrest
Authors: Qazi Abdul H. , Chan Paul S. , Zhou Yunshu , Vaughan-Sarrazin Mary , Girotra Saket ,   For the American Heart Association Get With the Guidelines—Resuscitation Investigators
Published: September 2020

Background:

A hospital’s risk-standardized survival rate (RSSR) for in-hospital cardiac arrest has emerged as an important metric to benchmark and incentivize hospital resuscitation quality. We examined whether hospital performance on the RSSR metric was stable or dynamic year-over-year and whether low-performing hospitals were able to improve survival outcomes over time.

Methods and Results:

We used data from 84 089 adult patients with an in-hospital cardiac arrest from 166 hospitals with continuous participation in Get With The Guidelines–Resuscitation from 2012 to 2017. A 2-level hierarchical regression model was used to compute RSSRs during a baseline (2012–2013) and two follow-up periods (2014–2015 and 2016–2017). At baseline, hospitals were classified as top-, middle-, and bottom-performing if they ranked in the top 25%, middle 50%, and bottom 25%, respectively, on their RSSR metric during 2012 to 2013. We compared hospital performance on RSSR during follow-up between top, middle, and bottom-performing hospitals’ at baseline. During 2012 to 2013, 42 hospitals were identified as top-performing (median RSSR, 31.7%), 82 as middle-performing (median RSSR, 24.6%), and 42 as bottom-performing (median RSSR, 18.7%). During both follow-up periods, >70% of top-performing hospitals ranked in the top 50%, a substantial proportion remained in the top 25% of RSSR during 2014 to 2015 (54.6%) and 2016 to 2017 (40.4%) follow-up periods. Likewise, nearly 75% of bottom-performing hospitals remained in the bottom 50% during both follow-up periods, with 50.0% in the bottom 25% of RSSR during 2014 to 2015 and 40.5% in the bottom 25% during 2016 to 2017. While percentile rankings were generally consistent over time at ≈45% of study hospitals, ≈1 in 5 (21.4%) bottom-performing hospitals showed large improvement in percentile rankings over time and a similar proportion (23.7%) of top-performing hospitals showed large decline in percentile rankings compared with baseline.

Conclusions:

Hospital performance on RSSR during baseline period was generally consistent over 4 years of follow-up. However, 1 in 5 bottom-performing hospitals had large improvement in survival over time. Identifying care and quality improvement innovations at these sites may provide opportunities to improve in-hospital cardiac arrest care at other hospitals.
The nomenclatural status of Zaocys carinatus Günther, 1864 (Squamata, Serpentes)

Authors: DUBOIS ALAIN , DAVID PATRICK
Published: September 2020

The nomen ‘Ptyas carinata (Günther, 1858)’, applied since 1864 to a large colubrid snake species of the Oriental region first reported from Borneo, is shown to be in fact an invalid junior objective synonym of Ptyas dhumnades (Cantor, 1842), a species of the same genus inhabiting China, Laos and Vietnam. In order to preserve the use of the well-known combination Ptyas carinata for the former species, Article 23.9 on reversal of precedence is used to validate Zaocys carinata Günther, 1864 against its senior secondary homonym Coryphodon carinatus Günther, 1858.
First data on the bionomics of Leptochilus (Euleptochilus) limbiferus (Morawitz, 1867) (Hymenoptera: Vespidae: Eumeninae), with taxonomic notes and new records
Authors: FATERYGA ALEXANDER V. , POPOVICH ANTON V. , PODUNAY YULIA A. , FATERYGA VALENTINA V.
Published: September 2020

Nesting of Leptochilus limbiferus (Morawitz, 1867) was observed in the Krasnodar Territory, Russia. Twelve nests were studied; all of them were located in empty shells of a terrestrial snail species, Xeropicta derbentina (Krynicki). The building material used by the wasps was pellets of dry soil and gravel particles, as well as shell bits, and sometimes also tiny shells. Females hunted for caterpillars of a gelechiid moth Syncopacma coronillella (Treitschke) and two unidentified species. Imagoes of L. limbiferus were observed feeding on nectar at flowers of five plant species in five families. Males were also observed patrolling the nesting site and sleeping inside a shell of X. derbentina. Nests were invaded by ants and an anthracine fly. Nesting activity and structure of the nests and cocoons are described in detail. The species is univoltine; hibernation occurs at the prepupa stage. The present contribution is the first detailed report on the bionomics of the subgenus Euleptochilus Blüthgen, 1943. Nesting of Old World species of Leptochilus de Saussure, 1853 is discussed with special reference to use of gravel as building material in two phylogenetic lineages: Leptochilus and unrelated genus Alastor Lepeletier de Saint-Fargeau, 1841. The distribution of L. limbiferus is summarized; particularly, the species is reported from Montenegro and Azerbaijan for the first time. At the same time, its previous records from Armenia were found to be based on a misidentification of Leptochilus (Euleptochilus) duplicatus (Klug, 1835) (new for Armenia and the Caucasus as a whole). Leptochilus limbiferus anatolicus Blüthgen, 1955 and L. limbiferus achaeus Gusenleitner, 1970 are treated as synonyms of L. limbiferus s. str. (new synonymies). The lectotype of Odynerus limbiferus Morawitz, 1867 is designated. A key to subgenera of Leptochilus is provided.
7. When They Left
Authors: Griffith Ingrid
Published: September 2020

At the age of seven, Ingrid Griffith’s parents left Guyana for the United States, leaving their children in the care of their grandmothers. Griffith’s experience is common for many Guyanese as well as Caribbean families where parents must make the difficult choice to migrate and leave their children with extended family members or caregivers. It is indeed a noble agenda, as Griffith writes about her parents’ goals to work hard in a foreign land so that they can acquire the funds, passports, and visas to have their children join them later in the United States—a process that took years. Told uniquely through Griffith’s perspective as a young girl, ‘When They Left’ offers a glimpse of how a child struggles to reconcile her parents' love with their simultaneous departure. In her moving memoir essay, Griffith explores the rupture migration enacts on families when children are split apart from their parents and how that separation reverberates years after the first moment of departure. It is the narrative we rarely see—what the act of leaving means for a child and how it becomes an open wound of abandonment.
On ‘travelling traditions’: Emplaced security in Liberia and Vanuatu
Authors: Boege Volker , Hunt Charles T
Published: September 2020

Important sources of everyday security – variously labelled as customary, informal, traditional or autochthonous – are commonly associated with rural spaces and attributed to the lack of presence or traction of state institutions. However, these practices are not limited to peripheries; they can travel. Their structures, authority and legitimacy can be re-produced in new settings, often in response to the perturbations caused by conflict, while also changing in the course of travel. Consequently, in urban spaces – the supposed ‘centre’ of the modern state – people’s sense of security can be profoundly influenced and shaped by the ordering logics of such ‘travelling traditions’. This has ramifications for ‘emplaced security’ – both short-term responses to acute vulnerability of displaced communities and emergent longer-term forms of order. This article explores the utility of the ‘spatial turn’ in peacebuilding theory for better understanding this phenomenon. It uses the cases of Vanuatu and Liberia to demonstrate how more nuanced understandings of the (re)construction of authority between and across places and scales may help comprehend how people generate everyday emplaced security. A spatial approach provides analytical leverage that can help to highlight how a phenomenon such as travelling traditions contributes to the formation and substance of emplaced security.
Participants’ lived experience of pursuing personal goals in the Illness Management and Recovery program
Authors: Jensen Sofie B , Eplov Lene Falgaard , Mueser Kim T , Petersen Kirsten Schultz
Published: September 2020

Background:

The Illness Management and Recovery (IMR) program is designed to support people diagnosed with severe mental illness in developing tailored illness-management skills and to pursue personal goals. Although IMR is a goal-oriented program, little is know about the participants’ experience of goal-setting as part of IMR.

Aim:

To describe participants’ lived experience of personal goal-setting as part of the Illness Management and Recovery program (IMR).

Method:

A descriptive, phenomenological research design was employed with individual interviews.

Results:

IMR helped the participants break down their personal goals into manageable short-term goals. The main themes were as follows: ‘We were guided to set clearer and specific goals in IMR’, ‘We were encouraged to pursue our personal goals in IMR’ and ‘We were encouraged and supported to resume work on our goals when we stopped making progress’. The findings emphasise goal-setting in IMR as a means to instilling hope for the future and work on goals.

Conclusions:

The participants learned to identify, articulate and initiate work towards short- and long-term goals when guided by the instructor and supported by peers in the IMR group. Goal-setting is a useful method for breaking down personal recovery goals into a practical short-term goals and motivating participants to pursue them. The findings indicate goal-setting is an important part of the IMR-program, but suggest that flexibility in goal-setting is needed, especially in the time required to achieve personal goals.
Nepal: Tarai/Madhesh Movements and Political Elites
Authors: Chamlagai Abi
Published: September 2020

The purpose of this article is to compare Nepal’s two Tarai/Madhesh Movements using the political opportunity structure theory of social movements. Tarai/Madhesh Movement I launched by the Forum for Madheshi People’s Rights in 2007 became successful as Nepal became a federal state. Tarai/Madhesh Movement II launched by the United Democratic Madheshi Front of the Tarai/Madheshi parties and the Tharuhat Joint Struggle Committee of the Tharu organizations failed as political elites disagreed about the need to create two provinces in the Tarai/Madhesh. While Tarai/Madhesh Movement II confirms that a social movement is more likely to fail when political elites align against it, Tarai/Madhesh Movement II refutes the theoretical proposition. Tarai/Madhesh Movement I suggests that the sucess of a social movement is more likely despite the alignment of political elites against it if its central demand consistently sustains the support of its constituents.
The Humanistic Revolution in Psychology: Its Inaugural Vision
Authors: DeRobertis Eugene Mario
Published: September 2020

This article presents a textual analysis of the inaugural issue of the Journal of Humanistic Psychology. The analysis culminated in the creation of a composite narrative that expresses the character of the humanistic vision for psychological science, a historical snapshot of the evolving humanistic revolution circa 1961. The analysis showed humanistic psychology to have proposed a nonreactionary, inclusive, integrative approach to psychology. This approach was anchored in a radicalized image of humanity, one that would not rely wholly on theories and methods of research designed for nonhuman beings. The findings further indicate that, from its inception, humanistic psychology was envisioned to be a unique amalgam of what would today be considered cultural psychology, cognitive psychology, and developmental psychology, without being reducible to any one of these subfields. It was and remains an effort in earnest to do justice to a truer self, engaged in the process of becoming, operating within biological and cultural parameters.
Legal Battles: Transgender Inmates’ Rights
Authors: Redcay Alex , Luquet Wade , Phillips Lorraine , Huggin McKenzie
Published: September 2020

Challenging binary gender norms and common conceptions of the differences between sexes, transgender individuals are misunderstood, feared, and often subjected to stigma. As a result, transgender individuals are exposed to harassment, violence, and employment discrimination. The negative outcomes of this exposure include poverty, unemployment, trauma, homelessness, arrest, and/or incarceration. Within the correctional system, stigmatization is heightened, leading to grave consequences for transgender inmates. The goal of this article is to highlight these outcomes, as illustrated from legal case histories, and to suggest best practice recommendations for correctional system improvements in ensuring the rights of transgender inmates.
Shape optimization of a blended-wing-body underwater glider using surrogate-based global optimization method IESGO-HSR
Authors: Ye Pengcheng , Pan Guang
Published: September 2020

As a novel flying-wing configuration underwater glider, the blended-wing-body underwater glider (BWBUG) has the satisfactory hydrodynamic performance in comparison to the conventional cylindrical autonomous underwater gliders (AUGs). The complicated shape optimization of BWBUG is significant for improving its hydrodynamic efficiency while it has to require huge computation time and efforts. A novel surrogate-based shape optimization (SBSO) framework is proposed to deal with the BWBUG shape optimization problem for improving the optimization efficiency and quality. During the optimization search, the parametric geometric model of the BWBUG is constructed depending on seven specific sectional airfoils, with the planar surface being unaltered. Moreover, an improved ensemble of surrogates based global optimization method using a hierarchical design space reduction strategy (IESGO-HSR) is used for optimizing the chosen sectional airfoils. The optimum shape of BWBUG can be obtained using all sectional airfoils which are successfully optimized. The maximum lift to drag ratio (LDR) of the optimal BWBUG is improved by 24.32% with acceptable computational resources. The optimization results show that the proposed SBSO framework is more superior and efficient in handling the BWBUG shape optimization problem.
A Linguistic Analysis of πίστις χριστοῦ: The Case for the Third View
Authors: Grasso Kevin
Published: September 2020

This study seeks to demonstrate that the Pauline phrase πίστις Χριστοῦ is best understood grammatically as the ‘Christ-faith’ in accordance with the so-called ‘third view’, where ‘faith’ is taken to mean a system or set of beliefs, and ‘Christ’ qualifies what the system is about. I argue that the grammar disallows the meaning ‘faith in Christ’ where Christ is the object of one’s ‘trust’, since objective genitives can only mean ‘belief of something (to be true)’, as is shown by an analysis of the data in the NT and in Harrisville 1994; 2006. Additionally, the subjective genitive rendering often fails to make sense within the literary context and faces its own grammatical difficulties. Drawing on work from theoretical linguistics in lexical semantics and syntax, I show that the third view meaning, translated as the ‘Christ-faith’, is the most likely rendering given the context of each of the passages, the Greek case system and the meaning of the noun πίστις as used in the NT and other Koine Greek writings.
New fixed-time sliding mode control for a mismatched second-order system
Authors: Jianguo Guo , Shengjiang Yang
Published: September 2020

A fixed-time sliding mode control (FTSMC) method is proposed for a second-order system with mismatched uncertainties in this paper. A new sliding mode, which is insensitive to the mismatched disturbance, is present to eliminate the effect of mismatched uncertainties by adopting the differentiable nonlinear function, and to obtain the fixed time stability independent of initial conditions by using the fraction-order function. In order to improve the performance of control system, the extended disturbance-observer-based fixed-time sliding mode control (EDO-FTSMC) approach is investigated to obtain the fixed-time stability subject to the mismatched uncertainties. Finally, the performance of the proposed control method is illustrated to compare other control approaches with numerical simulation results and application examples.
Elderspeak in Acute Hospitals? The Role of Context, Cognitive and Functional Impairment
Authors: Schnabel Eva-Luisa , Wahl Hans-Werner , Streib Christina , Schmidt Thomas
Published: September 2020

Older adults are often exposed to elderspeak, a specialized speech register linked with negative outcomes. However, previous research has mainly been conducted in nursing homes without considering multiple contextual conditions. Based on a novel contextually-driven framework, we examined elderspeak in an acute general versus geriatric German hospital setting. Individual-level information such as cognitive impairment (CI) and audio-recorded data from care interactions between 105 older patients ( M = 83.2 years; 49% with severe CI) and 34 registered nurses ( M = 38.9 years) were assessed. Psycholinguistic analyses were based on manual coding (κ = .85 to κ = .97) and computer-assisted procedures. First, diminutives (61%), collective pronouns (70%), and tag questions (97%) were detected. Second, patients’ functional impairment emerged as an important factor for elderspeak. Our study suggests that functional impairment may be a more salient trigger of stereotype activation than CI and that elderspeak deserves more attention in acute hospital settings.
Applying the Behavior Change Technique Taxonomy to Four Multicomponent Childhood Obesity Interventions
Authors: JaKa Meghan M. , Wood Caroline , Veblen-Mortenson Sara , Moore Shirley M. , Matheson Donna , Stevens June , Atkins Lou , Michie Susan , Adegbite-Adeniyi Clara , Olayinka Oluwatomisin , Po’e Eli K. , Kelly Alethea M. , Nicastro Holly , Bangdiwala Shrikant I. , Barkin Shari L. , Pratt Charlotte , Robinson Thomas N. , Sherwood Nancy E.
Published: September 2020

Applying the Behavior Change Technique Taxonomy has the potential to facilitate identification of effective childhood obesity intervention components. This article evaluates the feasibility of coding Childhood Obesity Prevention and Treatment Consortium interventions and compares reliability between external taxonomy-familiar coders and internal intervention-familiar coders. After training, coder pairs independently coded prespecified portions of intervention materials. An adjudication process was used to explore coding discrepancies. Reliability between internal and external coders was moderate (prevalence and bias-adjusted kappa .38 to .55). Reliability for specific target behaviors varied with substantial agreement for physical activity (.63 to .76) and moderate for dietary intake (.44 to .63). Applying the taxonomy to these interventions was feasible, but agreement was modest. Coding discrepancies highlight the importance of refining coding to capture the complexities of childhood obesity interventions, which often engage multiple recipients (e.g., parents and/or children) and address multiple behaviors (e.g., diet, physical activity, screen time).
Coronavirus disease 19 with gastrointestinal symptoms as initial manifestations: a case report
Authors: Wu Chun-Yang , Yu Xiao-Pin , Ma Ada Hoi Yan , Wang Li-Ping , Yang Nai-Bin , Li Guo-Xiang , Shi Jie-Jun , Qian Guo-Qing
Published: September 2020

Since the outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in December 2019, an epidemic has spread rapidly worldwide. COVID-19 is caused by the highly infectious severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2. A 42-year-old woman presented to hospital who was suffering from epigastric discomfort and dyspepsia for the past 5 days. Before the onset of symptoms, she was healthy, and had no travel history to Wuhan or contact with laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 cases. An examination showed chronic superficial gastritis with erosion and esophagitis. Enhanced magnetic resonance imaging of the abdomen showed a lesion in the right lower lobe of the lungs. Chest computed tomography showed multiple ground-glass opacity in the lungs. Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction was negative for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2. There was no improvement after antibiotic treatment. Polymerase chain reaction performed 2 days later was positive and she was diagnosed with COVID-19. After several days of antiviral and symptomatic treatments, her symptoms improved and she was discharged. None of the medical staff were infected. Clinical manifestations of COVID-19 are nonspecific, making differentiating it from other diseases difficult. This case shows the sequence in which symptoms developed in a patient with COVID-19 with gastrointestinal symptoms as initial manifestations.
Maintenance epistemology and public order: Removing graffiti in Paris
Authors: Denis Jérôme , Pontille David
Published: September 2020

Taking part in the growing concern for repair and maintenance in STS, this article investigates epistemic dimensions of maintenance. Drawing on an ethnographic study of graffiti removal in Paris, it highlights the different objects of knowledge involved in this specific setting of urban maintenance and documents their relationships. It shows that, inspired by the ‘broken windows’ thesis, the anti-graffiti program that emerged in Paris at the turn of 2000 articulates three objects of knowledge – public order, graffiti and the city – whose intertwined definitions root a restorative maintenance epistemology. Such epistemology unfolds in an assemblage of policy documents, regulatory texts, contracts, technical specifications and procedures, information infrastructures and categories, removal techniques, tools and situated gestures, which take place in municipality’s offices, contractors’ workshops and during each intervention in the streets. The Paris graffiti removal program instantiates a preservationist approach which focuses on recurrent visual signs of disruption occurring on the façades and rests on both a distributed attention and a particular pace for interventions. It involves three main operations: measuring surfaces, identifying public expressions and composing with materials. None of these operations are neutral. Aimed at preserving a specific order, they also participate in the daily transformation of urban reality. The heterogeneous knowledge at play in maintenance practices intricately takes part in the becoming of the things whose stability it strives to ensure.
‘This is what a radical intervention could look like’: an interview with Barbara Ransby
Authors: Bourne Jenny
Published: September 2020

An interview with Chicago-based Black historian, activist and writer Barbara Ransby in July 2020 as to how to understand the significance of the Movement for Black Lives (M4BL) uprisings across the US. Ransby defines the movement and the forces that made George Floyd’s murder a pivotal point for so many people, bringing them on to the streets in over 500 locations. She explains the gestation of the movement against ‘racial capitalism’ from 2012 onwards and its current political formation as made up of an array of forces. The largest most organised coalition is the Movement for Black Lives (M4BL). She traces the white Left’s unwillingness to see the Black working class as now the defining point of class politics and addresses issues of police violence, incarceration and white supremacy. Organic solidarity is developing between progressive groups around an abolition agenda, which is simultaneously about dismantling the carceral state and building new institutions.
The question of culture in cultural geography: Latent legacies and potential futures
Authors: Rose Mitch
Published: September 2020

The aim of this paper is to excavate a latent geographical approach to the question of culture. Specifically, I argue that the culture question has been developed by two schools of geographical thought: an Anthropogeographical School (represented by the traditions of Ratzel and Vidal de la Blache) and a Landscape School (represented by the Berkeley School and new cultural geographers). My purpose for conducting this excavation is not only to illustrate the discipline’s distinct approach to the question of culture, but to make the argument that this tradition holds potential resources for posing the question of culture anew.
Financial Geography I: Exploring FinTech – Maps and concepts
Authors: Wójcik Dariusz
Published: September 2020

In the first of two reports on FinTech, I review definitions, roots and taxonomies of FinTech, survey studies charting FinTech development, and theoretical approaches to FinTech. Emerging empirical research shows a dynamic growth of FinTech characterized by heterogeneity and diversity. Ecosystems, financial ecologies, and digital platform economies are the most popular approaches to FinTech, and I argue that they can be used fruitfully in combination with more established concepts, such as networks and agglomeration. Overall, I show that FinTech research is in a state of flux concerning concepts and empirics, and highlight the potential of geography to tame the beast.
Mechanical evaluation of the “Hüfner hand” prosthesis
Authors: Smit Gerwin
Published: September 2020

Background:

Current body-powered hands have very low acceptance rates. They also require high activation forces. In the past, a high acceptance rate was reported for the then-available Hüfner hand, a hand which could be controlled by relatively low activation forces.

Objective:

The aim of this study was to measure and quantify the mechanical performance of the Hüfner hand.

Study design:

Mechanical evaluation.

Methods:

Two versions of the Hüfner hand were tested using a mechanical test bench. Forces and displacements were measured under four different glove conditions (no glove, leather, polyvinyl chloride (PVC), silicone). The measured results were compared to data from currently available voluntary-closing hands.

Results:

The Hüfner hand required 132–170 Nmm of work and 78–104 N cable force to pinch 15 N. The overall mechanical performance of the Hüfner hands is better than currently available body-powered hands.

Conclusion:

The mechanical performance of the Hüfner hand was measured and quantified. Mechanical testing results show that the Hüfner hand has better mechanical performance than current body-powered hands. This may have contributed to its reported high acceptance rates. The design of the Hüfner hand, combined with data presented in this study, can serve as guidelines for the design of a new generation of body-powered hands.
Analysis of Spontaneous Order of Pedestrian–Vehicle Conflicts at Signalized Intersections
Authors: Kumar Abhinav , Ghosh Indrajit
Published: September 2020

Unsafe interactions among road users are often seen on the urban networks of India. The conventional transportation planning method deals with this problem by segregating different modes to minimize intermodal conflicts. However, another school of thought recommends that spaces should be designed to ensure minimum segregation between road users by removing physical barriers and eliminating rules. Once the rules are lifted, road users become attentive to their surroundings, and therefore spontaneous order emerges. The main objective of this study is to explore the yielding behavior of road users during conflicts and analyze the spontaneous order developed at intersections. Traffic data was collected from 12 signalized intersections in India. A total of 1,785 conflicts between pedestrians and vehicles were observed during peak hours at the intersection locations. The modal dominance was examined for whether a pedestrian yields to a vehicle or vice versa. Two multiple linear regression models were developed to analyze the effect of various factors (speed and volume of pedestrians and vehicles, and size of intersection) on the number of conflicts and the proximity of conflicts. The dominance of pedestrians and vehicles was predicted with the help of the binary logit model. The model results suggested that vehicle volume, type of vehicle, noncompliance with signals by pedestrians, number of pedestrians crossing in a group, type of pedestrian–vehicle interaction, and size of intersection are some of the major factors that are significant predictors of the dominance of road users.
A Meta-Analysis on Computer Technology Intervention Effects on Mathematics Achievement for Low-Performing Students in K-12 Classrooms
Authors: Ran Hua , Kasli Murat , Secada Walter G.
Published: September 2020

This meta-analysis extended the current literature regarding the effects of computer technology (CT) on mathematics achievement, with a particular focus on low-performing students. A total of 45 independent effect sizes extracted from 31 empirical studies based on a total of 2,044 low-performing students in K-12 classrooms were included in this meta-analysis. Consistent with previous reviews, this study suggested a statistically significant and positive effect of CT ([Formula: see text] = 0.56) on low-performing students’ mathematics achievement. Of four CT types, the largest CT effect was found with problem-solving system ([Formula: see text] = 0.86), followed by tutoring [Formula: see text] = 0.80), game-based intervention ([Formula: see text] = .58), and computerized practice ([Formula: see text] = .23). Furthermore, other moderators were found to explain variation in CT effects on low-performing students’ mathematics achievement. Study findings contributed to clarifying the effect of CT for low-performing students’ mathematics achievement. Implications for instructional design and practices are also discussed.
Jews and Muslims in contemporary French newspaper discourse (2000–2017)
Authors: Bharat Adi Saleem
Published: September 2020

Jews and Muslims in France never formed singular communities and never solely or primarily interacted with each other as a function of ethnoreligious identity categories. Rather, their on-the-ground interactions often took place as a function of a variety of other identifications, solidarities, and experiences. Yet, media discourse commonly constructs Jews and Muslims as homogeneous, disparate, and separate communities and their relations as oppositional and troubled. This article examines how Jews and Muslims are relationally defined and constructed in media discourse, focusing on the national dailies Le Monde and Le Figaro. My analysis reveals the discursive patterns that emerge in articles on Jews and Muslims and how these representations implicitly construct ‘Jews’ and ‘Muslims’ and their ‘relations’. In doing so, I make two main arguments about newspaper reporting on Jewish–Muslim relations in France: (1) With some exceptions, Jews and Muslims are constructed as two separate, homogeneous communities and their relations presented as tense and problematic; (2) Jews tend to be presented as fully integrated and their representation is in general positive, while Muslims are more often presented as not fully integrated – or even as at odds with French society and its values – and their representation is, at best, ambiguous and, at worst, negative.
The fabric of agency: Navigating human potentialities through introspection
Authors: Orlando Leonardo
Published: September 2020

Building on new trends in neuroscience and philosophy of mind, this article provides a roadmap for incorporating consciousness into social research. Drawing upon Alexander Wendt’s Quantum Mind and Social Science, it is argued that one of the greatest obstacles encountered by social research when approaching social reality is that it provides neither an epistemological nor an ontological place for consciousness. The present article intends to address that problem by introducing a sophisticated method of guided introspection that has the potential to revolutionize our understanding of agency. This method, whose epistemological situation is isomorphic to that of quantum physics, enables researchers to gain insight into the structures of decisionmaking processes. Such an endeavor is extremely relevant for security studies: the consideration of consciousness could lead to a radical new understanding of the dynamics of conflict, cooperation, strategic defense, political polarization, radicalization, violent extremism, and terrorism, as well as of the processes of social transformation required to cope with climate change. Moreover, bringing consciousness into social research could foster ongoing biological, evolutionary, and neuroscientific approaches to international relations. Thus, through the introduction of the ‘phenomenal consciousness’ of actors, it is shown how we can dive into the fountainhead of human agency and map mental processes.
Making working from home work: reflections on adapting to change
Authors: Khanna Rahul , Murnane Tess , Kumar Shakira , Rolfe Timothy , Dimitrieski Stephanie , McKeown Michael , Ejareh dar Maryam , Gavson Laura , Gandhi Charu
Published: September 2020

Objectives:

During the COVID-19 pandemic, our mental health service experimented with working from home. The flexibility of this practice can enable improved efficiency, staff well-being and expanded operating hours in the longer term. This paper shares our experiences and makes recommendations for being a part of and leading distributed clinical teams.

Conclusions:

We saw a 3% increase in total appointment bookings and a 7% reduction in cancellations/non-attendance compared to the same period in 2019. Based on our experience and the literature, effective distributed teams have leaders that connect via video at least weekly; focus on transparency and output over micromanagement; prioritise staff relationships and err towards overcommunication.
Velopharyngeal Muscle Morphology in Children With Unrepaired Submucous Cleft Palate: An Imaging Study
Authors: Schenck Graham C. , Perry Jamie L. , O’Gara Mary M. , Linde Amy Morgan , Grasseschi Mitchell F. , Wood Robert J. , Lacey Martin S. , Fang Xiangming
Published: September 2020

Objective:

To identify quantitative and qualitative differences in the velopharyngeal musculature and surrounding structures between children with submucous cleft palate (SMCP) and velopharyngeal insufficiency (VPI) and noncleft controls with normal anatomy and normal speech.

Methods:

Magnetic resonance imaging was used to evaluate the velopharyngeal mechanism in 20 children between 4 and 9 years of age; 5 with unrepaired SMCP and VPI. Quantitative and qualitative measures of the velum and levator veli palatini in participants with symptomatic SMCP were compared to noncleft controls with normal velopharyngeal anatomy and normal speech.

Results:

Analysis of covariance revealed that children with symptomatic SMCP demonstrated increased velar genu angle (15.6°, P = .004), decreased α angle (13.2°, P = .37), and longer (5.1 mm, P = .32) and thinner (4 mm, P = .005) levator veli palatini muscles compared to noncleft controls. Qualitative comparisons revealed discontinuity of the levator muscle through the velar midline and absence of a musculus uvulae in children with symptomatic SMCP compared to noncleft controls.

Conclusions:

The levator veli palatini muscle is longer, thinner, and discontinuous through the velar midline, and the musculus uvulae is absent in children with SMCP and VPI compared to noncleft controls. The overall velar configuration in children with SMCP and VPI is disadvantageous for achieving adequate velopharyngeal closure necessary for nonnasal speech compared to noncleft controls. These findings add to the body of literature documenting levator muscle, musculus uvulae, and velar and craniometric parameters in children with SMCP.
Intensifying Interventions for Students With Emotional and Behavioral Difficulties: A Conceptual Synthesis of Practice Elements and Adaptive Expertise
Authors: Chen Chin-Chih , Sutherland Kevin S. , Kunemund Rachel , Sterrett Brittany , Wilkinson Sarah , Brown Christerralyn , Maggin Daniel M.
Published: September 2020

We consider an emerging challenge in special education that involves the interplay between an emphasis on evidence-based practices (EBPs) and the need to provide individualized intensive interventions for students with significant emotional and behavioral problems. With the use of Multi-Tiered Systems of Support (MTSS), teachers are expected to implement standardized EBPs with fidelity. Yet, students with significant difficulties tend to have problems that reflect a complex set of changing factors that require carefully tailored and coordinated interventions that are adapted to students’ ongoing dynamic needs. To address this issue, we discuss the concept of practice elements (PEs) as a foundation for identifying intervention strategies, and we consider how the concepts of adaptive expertise (AE) can help guide the selection of PEs and implementation and modification of multistrategy approaches to increase responsiveness to students with emotional and behavioral problems. Implications for service delivery and future research are considered.
Clear subretinal fluid in a case of non-neovascular early-onset drusen: Swept-source imaging evaluation
Authors: Agarwal Aniruddha , Handa Sabia , Querques Giuseppe , Gupta Vishali
Published: September 2020

A 50-year-old male presented with recent metamorphopsia in the right eye. Fundus examination revealed bilateral multiple cuticular drusen along with few large colloid drusen (phenotype 3 cuticular drusen). No vitelliform material was evident in the macula in either eye. Fluorescein angiography (FA), indocyanine green angiography (ICGA) did not demonstrate a macular neovascularization (MNV) in either eye. Swept-source optical coherence tomography (SS-OCT) revealed sub-retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) drusen and a clear space beneath the inter-digitation zone and above the RPE-Bruch’s complex. SS-OCTA did not reveal MNV in either eye. The patient was kept under observation, and follow-up at 3 months did not reveal any structural change. Among patients with early-onset drusen, vitelliform detachments may occur due to accumulation of yellow pseudo-vitelliform material. However, serous detachments with an “optically clear” subretinal space can occur by the same mechanism without MNV. Such patients do not merit therapy with anti-vascular endothelial growth factor agents.
Conversion total hip arthroplasty with a proximally modular, distal fixation reconstruction prosthesis following cephalomedullar nail failure
Authors: Godoy-Monzon Daniel , Diaz Dilernia Fernando , Piccaluga Francisco , Cid Casteulani Alberto , Turus Luis , Buttaro Martin
Published: September 2020

Background:

The goals of intertrochanteric hip fracture (IHF) treatment are stable fixation, early mobilisation and function restoration. If the attempt to reduce, stabilise and fracture healing utilising a femoral cephalomedullar nail (CMN) fails, options for subsequent attempts are limited.

Purpose:

Evaluate the clinical and radiographic outcomes of conversion total hip arthroplasty (THA) using a modular stem following a CMN failure.

Materials and methods:

We retrospectively reviewed a consecutive series of patients with an IHF between 2012 and 2014 to identify CMN patients that went on to the subsequent failure and conversion to THA utilising a modular femoral stem (MFS). In all cases, MP Reconstruction Prosthesis (Waldemar Link, Hamburg, Germany) was implanted. Primary clinical outcomes were assessed using Harris Hip Score (HSS) before conversion procedure, 3 months, 6 months and recent office visit post-conversion THA thereafter. The secondary outcome was to analyse intra and postoperative complications. Serial radiographs at each follow-up interval were assessed for clinical success or to confirm adverse events.

Results:

28 patients were included in the study; 17 were females. The average age was 72.7 years (SD ± 10.5); the average time from the index procedure to conversion THA was 12.6 months (SD ± 3.5). At baseline, average HHS was 42.1 (SD ± 3.6), improved to 80.7 (SD ± 5.1) at 3 months, 86.0 (SD ± 3.9) at 6-months which levelled off to 86.1 (SD ± 4.0) at final follow-up. There were 4 (14%) post-conversion complications: 2 dislocations, 1 superficial wound infection, 1 patient with symptomatic abductor deficiency. All 4 cases were conservatively treated successfully, the implants were retained, and the patients progressed without further issue.

Conclusions:

MFSs allow to successfully treat failed CMN and adverse variations in femoral anatomy with a device that will permit simultaneous correction of leg length, offset and version to relieve pain, restore function and create a durable prosthetic to host composite.