bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The influence of rotator cuff tears on muscle and joint‐contact loading after reverse total shoulder arthroplasty
Authors: Ackland David C. , Robinson Dale L. , Wilkosz Adam , Wu Wen , Richardson Martin , Lee Peter , Tse Kwong Ming
Published: October 2018

Rotator cuff tears are known to affect clinical outcome of reverse total shoulder arthroplasty (RSA). This study aimed to use computational modelling to quantify the effect of rotator cuff tear severity on muscle and joint forces after RSA, as well as stresses at the glenosphere, base‐plate, fixation screws, scapula, and humeral components. A multi‐body musculoskeletal model of the glenohumeral joint was developed comprising the scapula, humerus and nine major upper limb muscles. Simulations of abduction and flexion after RSA were performed in the case of the intact rotator cuff and tears to (i) supraspinatus; (ii) supraspinatus and infraspinatus, and (iii) supraspinatus, infraspinatus and subscapularis. The intact and supraspinatus deficient rotator cuff resulted in the largest calculated muscle forces, glenohumeral joint contact forces and implant stresses. Peak glenohumeral joint forces during flexion were lower than those during abduction in all cases; however, substantially more posterior joint shear force was generated during flexion than abduction. A tear involving the supraspinatus and infraspinatus reduced glenohumeral joint forces by a factor of 8.7 during abduction (603.1 N) and 7.1 during flexion (520.7 N) compared to those in the supraspinatus deficient shoulder. RSA with an intact or supraspinatus deficient rotator cuff produces large glenohumeral joint forces that may increase base‐plate failure risk, particularly during flexion when posterior shear forces are largest. Infraspinatus tears after RSA greatly reduce glenohumeral joint compression and may ultimately reduce joint stability. Future research ought to focus on experimental validation of subject‐specific muscle recruitment strategies and joint loading after RSA. © 2018 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res
Duration of symptoms is associated with conditioned pain modulation and somatosensory measures in knee osteoarthritis
Authors: Foucher Kharma C. , Chmell Samuel J. , Courtney Carol A.
Published: October 2018

Impaired descending pain inhibition has been linked to chronic pain and poorer patient outcomes. Vibration perception threshold (VPT) has also been observed and linked to radiographic stage of OA. However, it is not known how duration of symptoms may influence these neurophysiological measures. Our purpose was to evaluate the relationship between duration of symptoms and conditioned pain modulation (CPM), a measure of descending pain inhibition, and VPT, and to determine whether these relationships differed in men and women seeking orthopedic care. We evaluated 18 men and 27 women with moderate to severe knee OA. We assessed CPM using a submaximal‐effort tourniquet test: Pressure pain threshold (PPT) at the symptomatic knee was evaluated before and after a noxious stimulus. CPM impairment was indicated by a ratio of pre‐to‐post stimulus PPT ≥1. VPT was assessed using a biothesiometer at the medial femoral condyle. We used chi‐square, t‐tests and Pearson correlations to address study questions. 72% of men, but only 44% of women had CPM impairment. Duration of symptoms was associated with CPM impairment in women (R = 0.566, p = 0.003) but not men (R = 0.366, p = 0.135). Duration of symptoms was also associated with VPT in both men (R = 0.580, p = 0.012) and women (R = 0.406, p = 0.039). These results suggest that longer duration of knee OA may predict more severe pain sensitization and that important sex differences exist in descending pain inhibition in people with chronic knee OA that may affect disease and course of treatment in male and female patients. © 2018 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res
The effect of processing on Pisum sativum L. biofortified with sodium selenate
Authors: Poblaciones Maria J. , Rengel Zed
Published: October 2018

Biofortification of edible grains with selenium (Se) is widely practiced, but there is little information regarding the effects of grain processing on Se concentration in grain. To evaluate the potential of cooked field peas (Pisum sativum L.) to be used in the Se biofortification programs, foliar Na2SeO4 applications of 0, 0.015, 0.03, 0.045, 0.06, and 0.075% (w/v) were tested. Shoot growth was not influenced by the Se treatments, whereas root growth, nodulation, and 100‐grain weight were increased. There was a strong linear relationship between the Se treatment dose and total Se concentration in both raw and cooked peas. For each percentage‐point increase in the applied Na2SeO4 concentration, the grain Se concentration increased by 177 and 159 μg Se kg−1 DW in raw and cooked peas, respectively. Processing (freezing and cooking) caused a decrease of about 12% in grain Se concentration. Foliar application of 0.06% (w/v) Na2SeO4 could be a good option for biofortifying field peas. The consumption of 100 g of cooked, biofortified field peas would provide ≈ 50% of the 200 μg total Se recommended for human daily intake.
Features and functioning of Data Abstraction Assistant, a software application for data abstraction during systematic reviews
Authors: Jap Jens , Saldanha Ian J. , Smith Bryant T. , Lau Joseph , Schmid Christopher H. , Li Tianjing ,   on behalf of the Data Abstraction Assistant Investigators
Published: October 2018

Introduction

During systematic reviews, data abstraction is labor‐ and time‐intensive and error‐prone. Existing data abstraction systems do not track specific locations and contexts of abstracted information. To address this limitation, we developed a software application, the Data Abstraction Assistant (DAA) and surveyed early users about their experience using DAA.

Features of DAA

We designed DAA to encompass three essential features: (1) a platform for indicating the source of abstracted information, (2) compatibility with a variety of data abstraction systems, and (3) user‐friendliness.

How DAA functions

DAA (1) converts source documents from PDF to HTML format (to enable tracking of source of abstracted information), (2) transmits the HTML to the data abstraction system, and (3) displays the HTML in an area adjacent to the data abstraction form in the data abstraction system. The data abstractor can mark locations on the HTML that DAA associates with items on the data abstraction form.

Experiences of early users of DAA

When we surveyed 52 early users of DAA, 83% reported that using DAA was either very or somewhat easy; 71% are very or somewhat likely to use DAA in the future; and 87% are very or somewhat likely to recommend that others use DAA in the future.

Discussion

DAA, a user‐friendly software for linking abstracted data with their exact source, is likely to be a very useful tool in the toolbox of systematic reviewers. DAA facilitates verification of abstracted data and provides an audit trail that is crucial for reproducible research.
Trimeric Supra‐Amphiphile with Diverse Lamellar Self‐Assemblies
Authors: Li Jun , Li Hui , Wang Jie , Jiang Hongshi , Yao Chenzhong , Wang Gaofeng , Ma Huixuan , Shi Lijuan
Published: October 2018

A new kind of trimeric supra‐amphiphile [M‐4‐M‐4‐M][DBS]3 that exhibits diverse self‐assembly behaviours was fabricated through ion exchange between linear tricationic imidazolium chloride ([M‐4‐M‐4‐M]Cl3) and sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate (SDBS). Micelles are spontaneously transformed into unilamellar vesicles at a quite low concentration (1.5 mM), and then evolved to multilamellar vesicles and planar bilayers successively with a further increase in the concentration of [M‐4‐M‐4‐M][DBS]3 in the absence of any additives. The presence of π‐π stacking interactions has been proved to promote the lamellar arrangement of the supra‐amphiphile. With increasing temperatures, [M‐4‐M‐4‐M][DBS]3 exhibits interesting “clouding” and phase separation in the La phase, behaving like common nonionic surfactants. Chain‐like aggregates are formed in the bottom phase, which are probably induced by the hierarchical assembly of vesicles. This work provides useful insights into the role of weak interactions in the fabrication and self‐assembly of oligomeric supra‐amphiphiles, and paves a way to enrich the structures and functions of self‐assemblies.
Synthesis, Surface Properties, and Antibacterial Activity of Novel Ester‐Containing Cationic Silicone Surfactants and Their Utilization as Fabric‐Finishing Agents
Authors: Wei Yuan , Zheng Cheng , Zhang Zhenqiang , Zeng Zhaowen , Mao Taoyan , Long Shikang , Ling Hui
Published: October 2018

In this study, a series of cationic silicone surfactants SiQCnCl containing ester groups and double long‐chain alkyls (n = 9, 11, 13, 15, and 17) were synthesized by microwave irradiation and characterized using infrared Fourier transform (FTIR), 1H nuclear magnetic resonance (1H NMR), and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). Surface activity and adsorption of these surfactants were investigated by measuring the equilibrium surface tension. The critical micelle concentration (CMC) decreased with increasing alkyl length of SiQCnCl at 25 °C and so did the corresponding surface tension at the CMC (γCMC). The aggregation behavior in aqueous solutions was also investigated systemically through transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and dynamic light scattering (DLS). Spherical or ellipsoidal‐like aggregates with diameters ranging from 300 to 900 nm were observed. It is also shown that the cationic silicone surfactants exhibit certain antibacterial properties against Staphylococcus aureus but slightly poor to Escherichia coli. The morphological structure of SiQC15Cl‐treated cotton fabrics was observed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), which showed that the surface became neat and smooth. What is more, the finished cotton fabrics maintained some antibacterial properties with improved softness, which may provide a more comfortable and healthy lifestyle. This work may also be helpful to the design and application of functional cationic silicone surfactants.
DHA rich algae oil delivered by O/W or gelled emulsions: strategies to increase its bioaccessibility
Authors: Gayoso Lucía , Ansorena Diana , Astiasarán Iciar
Published: October 2018

BACKGROUND

The bioaccessibility of bioactive compounds for functional food deserves evaluation. An in vitro gastrointestinal digestion model was applied to provide information about the extent of lipid hydrolysis, oxidative stability and bioaccessibility of algae oil (42% of docosahexaenoic acid; DHA), comparing three lipid delivery systems: bulk oil, soy protein stabilized O/W emulsion and carrageenan gelled emulsion.

RESULTS

Lipid digestion kinetics was slightly influenced by the delivery systems. Nevertheless, at the end of intestinal digestion, lipolysis in the three samples ranged between 49% and 52%, showing a partial oil digestion. Lipid oxidation, measured by malondialdehyde, was significantly lower (P < 0.01) in both emulsified oils after intestinal digestion compared to the bulk oil. Bioaccessibility of DHA was 58%, 71% and 84% for bulk oil, O/W emulsion and gelled emulsion, respectively.

CONCLUSION

These results suggest that both emulsified delivery systems used in the present study enhanced the solubilization of free fatty acids, in particular omega‐3 fatty acids, and therefore their potential intestinal absorption. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry
Effects of dietary marigold extract on lutein content, yolk color and fatty acid profile of omega‐3 eggs
Authors: Grčević Manuela , Kralik Zlata , Kralik Gordana , Galović Olivera
Published: October 2018

BACKGROUND

Lutein is a plant pigment very important for eye health in humans. Its bioavailability in humans is better from egg yolk than from dietary supplements. The aim of this research was to determine the influence of lutein (marigold extract powder) supplemented to laying hens' feed rich in omega‐3 fatty acids on the content of lutein, fatty acid profile in egg yolks and yolk color. The diets that contained 5% of oils as a source of omega‐3 fatty acids were supplemented with 0, 1 and 2 g kg−1 of marigold powder.

RESULTS

The best enrichment of eggs with lutein was achieved by supplementing 2 g marigold kg−1 of feed. Yolk color was significantly intensified (P < 0.001) by supplementing 1 g marigold kg−1 of feed. The content of total saturated fatty acids, monounsaturated fatty acids and n‐6 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) remained unchanged, whereas the content of total n‐3 PUFA (P = 0.017) and docosahexaenoic acid (P < 0.001) was higher in the group with 2 g marigold kg−1 of feed. This group also had the most favorable ratio of n‐6:n‐3 PUFA.

CONCLUSION

Results of this research showed that addition of marigold powder to laying hens' feed significantly increased egg lutein content and yolk color, and altered the fatty acid profile in yolk. Eggs with increased lutein content and a favorable profile of fatty acids are a good source of these ingredients in human nutrition. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry
Full‐color multi‐plane optical see‐through head‐mounted display for augmented reality applications
Authors: Liu Shuxin , Li Yan , Zhou Pengcheng , Chen Quanming , Li Sida , Liu Yueda , Wang Yunfeng , Su Yikai
Published: October 2018

Based on fast‐response polymer‐stabilized liquid crystal scattering shutters, we designed a full‐color multi‐plane optical see‐through head‐mounted display for augmented reality applications. Red, green, and blue light‐emitting diodes (LEDs) are used to illuminate a digital micromirror device in time sequence to create a full‐color 3D scene. A quasi‐collimated image projection source, with a large depth of focus, was designed, in order to ensure sharp pictures projected on different polymer‐stabilized liquid crystal films at different depth. Our system provides high‐quality full‐color images with correct depth information and thus solves the accommodation–vergence conflict problem. A proof‐of‐concept binocular full‐color two‐plane optical see‐through head‐mounted display prototype is demonstrated.
Dynamic tongue reconstruction with innervated gracilis musculocutaneos flap after total glossectomy
Authors: Righini Stefano , Festa Bianca Maria , Bonanno Maria Chiara , Colombo Valeria , Luca Nicola
Published: October 2018

Objective

Advanced tongue cancer treated with total glossectomy with laryngeal preservation (TGLP) has a high risk of severe postoperative morbidity due to the loss of swallowing and articulation ability. The purpose of our work is to highlight the potential of the innervated gracilis musculocutaneous flap (IGMF) to permit a good quality of life in patients after undergoing this kind of surgery, particularly when associated with an adequate rehabilitation course.

Methods

We are presenting a cohort of 15 patients with T3 or T4 tongue cancer treated with TGLP and dynamic reconstruction with IGMF between 1998 and 2016. Functional outcome data were collected employing flexible endoscopic examination of swallowing, as well as swallowing and speech tests and questionnaires. Our reconstructive procedure was compared with different techniques described in the literature.

Results

In 13 out of 15 patients, a positive functional outcome was recorded, defined as the achievement of an adequate swallowing and speech ability. In two patients, the lack of success was caused by the flap's necrosis and death from early pulmonary metastasis. Of 13 patients, 12 were still alive after 2 years. Ten patients regained an independent feeding by mouth for normal food, whereas three patients continued percutaneous endoscopic gastrotomy supplementation. After 40 months, all 13 patients displayed a moderately intelligible speech capability.

Conclusion

Although TGLP can have devastating morbid effects, an appropriate dynamic reconstruction—along with an adequate course of rehabilitation—can provide good swallowing and articulation outcomes, which permit a satisfactory long‐term quality of life.

Level of Evidence

4 Laryngoscope, 129:76–81, 2019
Objective and subjective hyposalivation after treatment for head and neck cancer: Long‐term outcomes
Authors: Likhterov Ilya , Ru Meng , Ganz Cindy , Urken Mark L. , Chai Raymond , Okay Devin , Liu Jerry , Stewart Robert , Culliney Bruce , Palacios Daisy , Lazarus Cathy L.
Published: October 2018

Objectives/Hypothesis

This study examined saliva weight over time and its association with diet and patient‐rated swallowing, dry mouth, sticky saliva, and dysgeusia quality of life in head and neck cancer (HNCA) patients treated with surgery plus adjuvant chemoradiotherapy (CRT), or primary CRT.

Study Design

Prospective cohort study in an outpatient HNCA center setting.

Methods

Patients were seen pretreatment, and 1, 3, 6, 12, 24, and 36 + months post‐treatment. All had newly diagnosed oral, oropharynx, nasopharynx, larynx/hypopharynx cancer from 2010 to 2016 and were to undergo surgery + CRT or primary CRT. Stimulated saliva weight was assessed with the Saxon test. Diet, eating, dry mouth, and dysgeusia quality of life were assessed and correlated with saliva weight, treatment modality, and tumor site.

Results

Saliva weight decreased the most within the first 3 months across treatment groups, except for the surgery + CRT group, which continued to decline. Similar trends were seen by tumor site. Performance Status Scale (PSS) Normalcy of Diet and all quality‐of‐life scores declined following treatment. The European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life Questionnaire Head and Neck‐35 (EORTC QLQ‐H&N35); Eating Assessment Tool (EAT‐10); M. D. Anderson Dysphagia Inventory (MDADI) Composite, Global, and subdomain scores; and PSS Diet were significantly correlated with saliva weight.

Conclusions

Saliva weight worsened post‐treatment across groups and tumor site, with improvement by 36 + months. Saliva weight correlated with diet, eating quality of life and perception of dysgeusia across time points. Despite dose‐sparing intensity‐modulated radiation therapy, newer technologies are needed to preserve saliva production and maintain higher quality of life.

Level of Evidence

2b Laryngoscope, 128:2732–2739, 2018
Height is an independent risk factor for postintubation laryngeal injury
Authors: Katsantonis Nicolas‐George , Kabagambe Edmond K. , Wootten Christopher T. , Ely E. Wesley , Francis David O. , Gelbard Alexander
Published: October 2018

Objectives/Hypothesis

Intubation is an essential component of intensive care, yet it does have potential complications. Posterior glottic stenosis (PGS) is among the most severe sequela. Risk factors are poorly understood. One hypothesis is that large endotracheal tubes (ETTs) in smaller airways may increase risk. Because tracheal diameter is proportional to height, we designed a case‐control study to evaluate the association between intensive care unit (ICU)‐patient height (proxy for tracheal diameter) and their risk of postintubation PGS.

Study Design

Retrospective case‐control study

Methods

Among patients who underwent intubation in an ICU at a single tertiary care medical center between 2001 and 2015, a convenience sample of all patients with confirmed PGS (cases) were enrolled. Cases were matched 1:1 by age, sex, and race with intubated non‐PGS controls chosen from the same population of ventilated patients. Data on height, weight, comorbidities, size of ETT, and duration of intubation were abstracted from the medical record. Multivariate models were used to test the association between patient height and risk of PGS development.

Results

In all, 106 PGS cases (mean age 48.9 years, 50.7% female, 79.2% Caucasian) were identified; 77 met inclusion criteria. Compared to matched controls, cases were significantly shorter (mean 166 cm vs. 173 cm, P = .001). Height and PGS showed an inverse relationship in multivariate models. Specifically, odds of PGS decreased 9% (95% confidence interval: 0.01%‐16%) for each centimeter increase in height.

Conclusions

Shorter height is independently associated with increased odds of having PGS. Further work should consider whether height should be incorporated into ETT selection algorithms.

Level of Evidence

3b Laryngoscope, 128:2811–2814, 2018
A systematic review of simulated laryngotracheal reconstruction animal models
Authors: Milner Thomas D. , Okhovat Saleh , Clement William A. , Wynne David M. , Kunanandam Thushitha
Published: October 2018

Objectives

Review of the literature to identify practical, high‐fidelity, commercially available animal models for simulation training and surgical skills maintenance in laryngotracheal reconstruction (LTR).

Methods

A systematic review of PubMed and Embase databases was conducted independently by two authors, according to Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analyses guidelines. Search terms included “laryngotracheal reconstruction,” “laryngotracheoplasty,” “pig and larynx,” “sheep and larynx,” and “rabbit and larynx.” Articles were then assessed, identifying model cost and availability, model validation, feasibility as a training tool, and verisimilitude to pediatric LTR.

Results

In total, 79 articles were considered suitable for inclusion in the study, incorporating both in vitro and in vivo models. Models utilized included rabbit (n = 69), pig (n = 7), sheep (n = 1), and goat (n = 2). The rabbit model was similar in size to the neonate, but differences in laryngeal anatomy and cartilage texture made graft insertion difficult. The anatomy of the pig, sheep, and goat larynges more closely resembled the pediatric patient, allowing improved grafting, but corresponded more in size to that of an older child. Commercial availability of the pig and sheep was considered greatest, and was reflected in cost. None of the animal models identified in the literature have been validated as a simulation tool.

Conclusions

The rabbit, sheep and pig models seemed to demonstrate the greatest potential for use as advanced pediatric airway surgery simulation models, with the rabbit model being most utilized in the literature. However, as yet there have been no models formally validated as a simulation training tool. Laryngoscope, 129:235–243, 2019
Pediatric Rhinoplasty: A national surgical quality improvement program analysis
Authors: Kamil Rebecca J. , Roxbury Christopher , Boss Emily
Published: October 2018

Objectives

Rhinoplasty is commonly performed in children with congenital anomalies and resultant nasal deformity causing airway obstruction. Little is known regarding patient factors or perioperative sequelae. We define demographic characteristics and perioperative complications for children undergoing rhinoplasty within a large national cohort.

Study Design

Retrospective cohort study of children aged ≤ 18 years undergoing rhinoplasty utilizing data from the 2012 to 2015 American College of Surgeons National Surgery Quality Improvement Program‐Pediatric public use file.

Methods

All children who underwent rhinoplasty were identified. Postoperative complications were defined as 30‐day postoperative infection, unplanned readmission and reoperation, and death. Multivariate logistic regression was used to identify predictors of complications. Subgroup analysis was performed based on child age (age < 5 years vs. 5–13 years vs. ≥ 14 years).

Results

Of 1,378 children undergoing rhinoplasty, 21(1.52%) children experienced complications, with the most common being unplanned readmission. Younger children were more likely to experience complications (3.79% aged < 5 years vs. 0.66% aged ≥ 14 years; P = 0.001). Using multivariate logistic regression analysis, we observed a 61% decreased odds of complication with each age group (odds ratio 0.39, 95% confidence interval 0.19, 0.77; P = 0.007). Younger children were more likely to be male (56.2% male aged < 5 years vs. 46.6% male aged ≥ 14 years; P = 0.011), have developmental delay (11.7% aged < 5 years vs. 3.65% aged ≥ 14 years; P < 0.001), and have craniofacial abnormalities (73.2% aged < 5 years vs. 42.1% aged ≥ 14 years; P < 0.001).

Conclusion

Children undergoing rhinoplasty experience few major complications, with the most common being unplanned readmission. Younger children are at greater risk and are more likely to be male with craniofacial abnormalities.

Level of Evidence

4 Laryngoscope, 129:494–499, 2019
Radiographic muscle invasion not a recurrence predictor in HPV‐associated oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Farzal Zainab , Du Eugenie , Yim Eunice , Mazul Angela , Zevallos Jose P. , Huang Benjamin Y. , Hackman Trevor G.
Published: October 2018

Objective

To determine whether muscle invasion evident on pretreatment imaging in p16 + oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (OPSCC) correlates with recurrence.

Study Design

Retrospective review.

Methods

Two‐hundred and seventy‐six patients with p16 + OPSCC treated at a tertiary referral center from 2003 to 2015 were analyzed. All scans were reviewed by a dedicated neuroradiologist with subspecialty expertise in head and neck imaging. Radiographic evidence of muscle invasion to the genioglossus, hyoglossus, medial pterygoid, and prevertebral muscles was analyzed. Local and regional recurrence rates were compared between the muscle invasion and no muscle invasion groups.

Results

One hundred and ninety patients met inclusion criteria with adequate follow‐up data and pretreatment imaging. Patients were predominantly male (87.5% male) and smokers (65.6% smokers) with a mean age of 56.7 (standard deviation: 9.0 years). Most commonly invaded muscles in the muscle invasion group were hyoglossus (57.8%) and genioglossus (56.3%). There was no statistically significant difference in primary site or nodal recurrence between the combined group, including definite or possible muscle invasion and the group without muscle invasion (P = 0.205 and P = 0.569, respectively). Additionally, no statistically significant difference was present in recurrence‐free and disease‐specific survival between the two groups at 3‐ and 5‐year follow‐up (P > 0.05).

Conclusion

Radiographic evidence of muscle invasion does not appear to be a predictor of human papilloma virus (+) OPSCC recurrence. Additional studies are needed to validate our findings.

Level of Evidence

4 Laryngoscope, 129:871–876, 2019
Office‐based laryngology: Technical and visual optimization by patient‐positioning maneuvers
Authors: Ghodke Ameer , Farquhar Douglas R. , Buckmire Robert A. , Shah Rupali N.
Published: October 2018

Objective/Hypothesis

To qualitatively and quantitatively assess the effect of discrete head postures/maneuvers during flexible laryngoscopy on visualization of specific anatomical structures within the laryngopharynx.

Study Design

Prospective, observational study.

Methods

Flexible laryngoscopy was performed on 18 sequential patients. Videos of the laryngopharynx were captured during the neutral head position and five discrete maneuvers: maximal sniffing, head extension, right turn, left turn, and chin down. Images were analyzed using ImageJ, and differences in the (normalized) anatomical areas of interest were examined with each maneuver (paired t test]. Covariates for surgeon, nostril, and gender were evaluated.

Results

There was a significantly increased (P = 0.009) area of view of the anterior space (petiole of epiglottis/anterior laryngeal vestibule) with head extension. Right head turn led to a significantly increased view of the left pyriform sinus (P = 0.00001), whereas left head turn yielded an increased view of the right pyriform sinus (P = 0.0001). The right and left vocal fold/ventricle were better visualized during right head turn (with the scope traversing the right nostril) and left head turn (with the scope traversing the left nostril), respectively. Chin‐down posture achieved a more distal view of the airway more frequently than the other maneuvers.

Conclusion

The anterior space (supraglottic larynx) may be best visualized and accessed with head extension. Right and left head turn improve visualization of the contralateral piriform sinus. Chin down provides improved airway visualization in a plurality of patients. Future studies examining maneuvers are warranted to create a catalog of validated techniques to optimize the efficacy of the office‐based proceduralist.

Level of Evidence

2 Laryngoscope, 129:330–334, 2019
Correlating videofluoroscopic swallow study findings with subjective globus location
Authors: Ortiz Alexandra S. , Lawton Alexandria , Rives Elizabeth , Gutierrez Gerry , Dion Gregory R.
Published: October 2018

Objective

Patients with globus, the sensation of something stuck in the throat, are evaluated by otolaryngologists, gastroenterologists, and speech pathologists and often undergo multiple tests and interventions. We hypothesize that a videofluoroscopic swallow study (VFSS) is useful to characterize globus etiology and correlate subjective globus location to atypical VFSS findings.

Method

Retrospective chart review of all patients undergoing VFSS over a 24‐month period with a primary complaint of globus. Globus was characterized by the patient as above the thyroid notch, between the thyroid notch and sternum, or substernal. VFSS findings were categorized as oropharyngeal, pharyngoesophageal, or esophageal based on nine VFSS abnormalities and then further broken out for subgroup analyses.

Results

Of 216 patients meeting study criteria, 109 patients localized globus above the thyroid notch, 74 between the thyroid notch and sternum, and 33 substernal. One hundred ninety‐five patients (90.3%) had at least one finding on VFSS that could account for symptoms, and the majority had multiple. In fact, 21 patients (9.7%) with dysphagia localized above the thyroid notch had evidence of distal esophageal abnormalities, and 15 (6.9%) with dysphagia localized substernal had oropharyngeal abnormalities.

Conclusion

Whereas VFSS was likely to identify abnormalities, these areas relate poorly overall with the patient's subjective globus location, and the clinical utility of the study is questionable.

Level of Evidence

4 Laryngoscope, 129:335–338, 2019
Peak nasal inspiratory flow is a useful measure of nasal airflow in functional septorhinoplasty
Authors: Fuller Jennifer C. , Gadkaree Shekhar K. , Levesque Patricia A. , Lindsay Robin W.
Published: October 2018

Objective

To evaluate the utility of peak nasal inspiratory flow (PNIF) as a measure of nasal airflow and functional septorhinoplasty (FSRP) outcomes.

Methods

Patients with nasal obstruction were administered Nasal Obstruction Symptom Evaluation (NOSE) questionnaire and PNIF testing between January 2015 and 2018. Surgical patients repeated these tests at 2, 4, 6, 12, and 24 months postoperatively. Patient demographics and operative techniques were recorded.

Results

A total of 610 patients were evaluated for nasal obstruction with mean (standard deviation [SD]) NOSE score of 61.5 (23.2) and PNIF of 74.1 (35.4) liters per minute (L/min); correlation −0.16 (P < 0.001). Predictors of lower PNIF were female gender (β = −13.3, 95% confidence interval [CI] 7.7 to 18.2, P < .001) and higher NOSE scores (β = −0.43, 95% CI 0.19 to 0.68, P < 0.001). A total of 281 patients underwent FSRP with statistically and clinically significant improvements in both mean NOSE and PNIF scores that were stable out to 2 years. NOSE scores changed −41.0 (25.5) points, and PNIF improved 20.7 (35.5) L/min at last follow‐up. Grafting material did not affect outcomes, whereas spreader grafts improved PNIF values (β = 25.46, 95% CI 5.5 to 45.4, P = 0.013). Clinically significant changes between NOSE and PNIF were concordant, although the correlation was weak (r = −0.26, P = 0.02).

Conclusion

Peak nasal inspiratory flow is a rapid, cheap, and easily performed test that detects nasal obstruction and clinically significant improvements in airflow following FSRP. Although PNIF does not correlate well enough with the patient experience of nasal obstruction to be used as a diagnostic tool, it does provide unique and complementary information useful for evaluating, understanding, and improving the effects of surgical techniques.

Level of Evidence

2C Laryngoscope, 129:594–601, 2019
Noncommutative topology and Jordan operator algebras
Authors: Blecher David P. , Neal Matthew
Published: October 2018

Jordan operator algebras are norm‐closed spaces of operators on a Hilbert space with for all . We study noncommutative topology, noncommutative peak sets and peak interpolation, and hereditary subalgebras of Jordan operator algebras. We show that Jordan operator algebras present perhaps the most general setting for a “full” noncommutative topology in the ‐algebraic sense of Akemann, L. G. Brown, Pedersen, etc, and as modified for not necessarily selfadjoint algebras by the authors with Read, Hay and other coauthors. Our breakthrough relies in part on establishing several strong variants of ‐algebraic results of Brown relating to hereditary subalgebras, proximinality, deeper facts about for a left ideal L in a ‐algebra, noncommutative Urysohn lemmas, etc. We also prove several other approximation results in ‐algebras and various subspaces of ‐algebras, related to open and closed projections and technical ‐algebraic results of Brown.
Conductive textile as wearable electrode in intrabody communications
Authors: Asogwa Clement O. , Libeson Vlad , Lai Daniel T. H.
Published: October 2018

Conventional electrodes are widely used for low‐frequency applications such as biopotential measurements. However, with current advances in intrabody communication (IBC), wearable devices for health monitoring have become popular in biomedical sensing, data acquisition and high‐frequency communication systems. Wearable dry electrodes for health monitoring, made from conductive polymers, are often not properly tested for motion artefacts and lack adequate documentation. Traditionally, wet medical electrodes made with conductive gel degrades as absorption, and evaporation occurs. In this work, we introduce a new wearable dry surface electrode from conductive yarn and characterise it by motion artefact effects at 900 kHz in relation to popular wet electrodes. We also compare measurements of skin‐electrode contact impedance and scattering parameters and show that for 60 min of monitoring, dry electrode made of silver conductive textile changed by 0.82% while Ambu WhiteSensor 4500M changed by 2.25% and Noraxon #270 changed by 1.61% at low frequencies. Thus, our wearable dry electrode has more stable skin‐electrode impedance. Our wearable band electrode had a maximum of 1.0 dB loss when a 0 dB signal is transmitted across a 20‐cm channel length in comparison with Ambu WhiteSensor and Noraxon #270 electrodes which dropped by 2.62 and 2.18 dB, respectively. The result indicates that dry wearable electrodes are more suitable for measurements where body movement is restricted.
Partnership report tracks successes in MH service access and cost reductions
Authors: Canady Valerie A.
Published: October 2018

More than 25 public and private organizations in the eastern Twin Cities of Minnesota have gathered together over the past decade with the express goal to design and implement programs for people with mental illnesses. The partnership has led to more than eight initiatives that have improved care, lowered costs and reduced the need for emergency room services.
Trauma‐related media reports trigger increased service calls
Authors: Canady Valerie A.
Published: October 2018

The confirmation process of U.S. Supreme Court Judge Brett Kavanaugh is over following the riveting testimony last month by Dr. Christine Blasey Ford regarding allegations against the then‐nominee; however, the media coverage has triggered painful memories of sexual trauma and assault for patients, observers in the field say.
Utilizing simulated errors in radiotherapy plans to quantify the effectiveness of the physics plan review
Authors: Gopan Olga , Smith Wade P. , Chvetsov Alexei , Hendrickson Kristi , Kalet Alan , Kim Minsun , Nyflot Matthew , Phillips Mark , Young Lori , Novak Avrey , Zeng Jing , Ford Eric
Published: October 2018

Purpose

The review of a radiation therapy plan by a physicist prior to treatment is a standard tool for ensuring the quality of treatments. However, little is known about how well this task is performed in practice. The goal of this study is to present a novel method to measure the effectiveness of physics plan review by introducing simulated errors into computerized “mock” treatment charts and measuring the performance of plan review by physicists.

Methods

We generated six simulated treatment charts containing multiple errors. To select errors, we compiled a list based on events from a departmental incident learning system and an international incident learning system (SAFRON). Seventeen errors with the highest scores for frequency and severity were included in the simulations included six mock treatment charts. Eight physicists reviewed the simulated charts as they would a normal pretreatment plan review, with each chart being reviewed by at least six physicists. There were 113 data points for evaluation. Observer bias was minimized using a simple error vs hidden error approach, using detectability scores for stratification. The confidence interval for the proportion of errors detected was computed using the Wilson score interval.

Results

Simulated errors were detected in 67% of reviews [58–75%] (95% confidence interval [CI] in brackets). Of the errors included in the simulated plans, the following error scenarios had the highest detection rates: an incorrect isocenter in DRR (93% [70–99%]), a planned dose different from the prescribed dose (92% [67–99%]) and invalid QA (85% [58–96%]). Errors with low detection rates included incorrect CT dataset (0%, [0–39%]) and incorrect isocenter localization in planning system (38% [18–64%]). Detection rates of errors from simulated charts were compared against observed detection rates of errors from a departmental incident learning system.

Conclusions

It has been notoriously difficult to quantify error and safety performance in oncology. This study uses a novel technique of simulated errors to quantify performance and suggests that the pretreatment physics plan review identifies some errors with high fidelity while other errors are more challenging to detect. These data will guide future work on standardization and automation. The example process studied here was physics plan review, but this approach of simulated errors may be applied in other contexts as well and may also be useful for training and education purposes.
Clinical course of chronic suppurative lung disease and bronchiectasis in Alaska Native children
Authors: Kinghorn BreAnna , Singleton Rosalyn , McCallum Gabrielle B. , Bulkow Lisa , Grimwood Keith , Hermann Leslie , Chang Anne B. , Redding Gregory
Published: October 2018

Introduction

Alaska Native (AN) children from the Yukon Kuskokwim (YK) Delta region have high rates of chronic suppurative lung disease (CSLD), including bronchiectasis. We characterized the clinical progress of an AN adolescent cohort with CSLD/bronchiectasis, and estimated bronchiectasis prevalence trends in this region.

Methods

The original cohort comprised 41 AN children (originally aged 0.5‐8 years) with CSLD/bronchiectasis, recruited between 2005 and 2008, with follow‐up in 2015‐2016. Clinical assessments, lung function, radiography, medical chart review, and spirometry were obtained. We also conducted data queries of bronchiectasis diagnoses in YK individuals born between 1990 and 2010 to estimate prevalence.

Results

Thirty‐four (83%) of the original cohort aged 7.3‐17.6 years were reviewed, of whom 14 (41%) had high‐resolution computed tomography (HRCT)‐confirmed bronchiectasis, eight (24%) had no evidence of bronchiectasis on HRCT scans, while 12 (35%) had not undergone HRCT scans. Annual lower respiratory tract infection (LRTI) frequency decreased with age, although 27 (79%) still had respiratory symptoms, including all with HRCT‐confirmed bronchiectasis, who were also more likely than those without confirmed bronchiectasis to have recent wheeze (80 vs 25%, P = 0.005), auscultatory crackles (60 vs 0%, P < 0.001), and lower mean forced expiratory volume in 1‐second/forced vital capacity ratio (73 vs 79%, P = 0.03). The bronchiectasis prevalence for YK AN people born during 2000‐2009 was 7 per 1000 births, which was lower than previously reported.

Conclusion

Despite reduced LRTI frequency, most AN children with CSLD/bronchiectasis had symptoms/signs of underlying lung disease as they entered adolescence. Close clinical follow‐up remains essential for managing these patients as they transition to adulthood.
Exposure of a population of invasive wild pigs to simulated toxic bait containing biomarker: implications for population reduction
Authors: Snow Nathan P , Lavelle Michael J , Halseth Joseph M , Glow Michael P , VanNatta Eric H , Davis Amy J , Pepin Kim M , Tabor Rustin T , Leland Bruce R , Staples Linton D , VerCauteren Kurt C
Published: October 2018

BACKGROUND

An international effort to develop an acute and humane toxic bait for invasive wild pigs (Sus scrofa) is underway to curtail their expansion. We evaluated the ability to expose a population of wild pigs to a simulated toxic bait (i.e., placebo bait containing a biomarker, rhodamine B, in lieu of the toxic ingredient) to gain insight on potential population reduction. We used 28 GPS‐collars and sampled 428 wild pigs to examine their vibrissae for evidence of consuming the bait.

RESULTS

We estimated that 91% of wild pigs within 0.75 km of bait sites (total area = 16.8 km2) consumed the simulated toxic bait, exposing them to possible lethal effects. Bait sites spaced 0.75–1.5 km apart achieved optimal delivery of the bait, but wild pigs ranging ≥ 3 km away were susceptible. Use of wild pig‐specific bait stations resulted in no non‐target species directly accessing the bait.

CONCLUSION

Results demonstrate the potential for exposing a large proportion of wild pigs to a toxic bait in similar ecosystems. Toxic baits may be an effective tool for reducing wild pig populations especially if used as part of an integrated pest management strategy. Investigation of risks associated with a field‐deployment of the toxic bait is needed. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry
Identification and risk assessment of spinosad resistance in a California population of Drosophila suzukii
Authors: Gress Brian E , Zalom Frank G
Published: October 2018

Background

The bioinsecticide spinosad is among the most widely used insecticides for managing spotted‐wing drosophila, Drosophila suzukii (Matsumura), and is critical for preventing fruit infestation in organic berry production. Recent reports, however, have raised concerns that the efficacy of this material is declining in fields near Watsonville, CA, a major hub of commercial berry production in the USA and the first location where D. suzukii was reported in North America.

Results

In this study, we performed dose–response analyses on D. suzukii from commercial raspberry plantings near Watsonville as well as a second untreated site in California using a widely implemented bioassay protocol. We found that Watsonville flies exhibited spinosad LC50 values 4.3–7.7 times higher than those from the untreated location and 11.6–22.4 times higher than previously reported susceptible baselines. Additionally, tolerance to spinosad continued to increase after additional selection for five generations, though this result was only statistically significant after prolonged exposure to residues.

Conclusions

These findings confirm that spinosad resistance is emerging in the Watsonville area and document the first known occurrence in the USA, presenting an urgent need for the development of alternative management strategies to control this pest. Additional work is needed to resolve the underlying molecular mechanism(s) that confers spinosad resistance in D. suzukii and assess the potential for this trait to spread into new populations. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry
Eco‐Friendly and Facile Preparation of Spherical Chitin Nanoparticles
Authors: Luong John H. T. , Gedanken Aharon
Published: October 2018

A facile and eco‐friendly procedure was established and optimized for the synthesis of spherical crystalline chitin nanoparticles (SChNPs) using the oxidizing agent Oxone®. This versatile triple‐salt was effective in the cleavage of the glycosidic bonds and etching out individualization of elementary fibrils to form SChNPs. Selective oxidation occurred at the C6 primary hydroxyl group of the glucose molecule subunit to form carboxylic acid groups with a degree of oxidation of 0.10. The spherical particles are about 25 nm in diameter with enhanced aqueous solubility and amenable to bioconjugation owing to the presence of carboxylic acid groups. Both the acetamide group and the crystallinity index of the starting chitin remained intact during the treatment with Oxone®.
Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of 8‐Hydroxyquinoline‐hydrazones for Anti‐HIV‐1 and Anticancer Potential
Authors: Shah Purvi , Abadi Leila F. , Gaikwad Shraddha , Chaudhari Dasharath , Kushwah Varun , Jain Sanyog , Bhutani Kamlesh K. , Kulkarni Smita , Singh Inder P.
Published: October 2018

8‐Hydroxyquinoline, being one of the privileged scaffolds, is known to possess a wide range of biological activities. 8‐Hydroxyquinoline quinoline has been explored synthetically through functionalization at different positions by different groups in search of medicinally important molecules. Herein, we synthesized twenty‐one (20 a‐20 u) different hydrazones of 8‐hydroxyquinoline at C‐2 position in good yields and characterised by 1H NMR, 13C NMR, HRMS and IR. All the synthesized compounds were evaluated for their anti‐HIV‐1 and anti‐cancer potential through in vitro cell‐based assays. Compound 20 u ((E)‐2‐((2‐(4‐methoxyphenyl)hydrazono)methyl)quinolin‐8‐ol) was found to be the most active against HIV (IC50: 1.88 and 6.27 μM; TI 73.82 and 22.07, against HIV‐1VB59 and HIV‐1UG070 respectively). Compound 20 l ((E)‐2‐((2‐(4‐fluorophenyl)hydrazono)methyl)quinolin‐8‐ol) was identified as the most cytotoxic against four cancer cell lines (IC50: 26.30, 34.19, 38.77 and 34.23 μM against HeLa, MCF‐7, A‐549 and MDA‐MB‐231, respectively) with 2.4, 1.9, 1.6, 1.9‐folds selectivity, respectively over normal cells (IC50 63.75 μM against HEK‐293 normal cells).
Enhancing Cyclic Performance and Rate Capability of Li4Ti5O12 for Lithium‐Ion Batteries through Thin Carbon Coating
Authors: Huang Xingkang , Ren Ren , Singh Niraj K. , Hardi Meenakshi , Chen Junhong
Published: October 2018

Lithium titanate (Li4Ti5O12, LTO), as a zero‐strain material upon lithiation, typically possesses good cyclic performance, presenting an opportunity for use in lithium‐ion batteries for electric vehicles. For practical applications, the electrical conductivity of the LTO should be improved while addressing its gassing issue. Here, a C‐coated LTO (LTO@C) electrode material was synthesized by chemical vapor deposition, and a coating of C approximately 2 nm‐thick was placed onto the LTO surface by decomposing acetylene at 700 °C for 15 min. Compared with the pristine LTO, the LTO@C did not exhibit significant changes in structure and morphology; however, it presented much better cyclic performance than the pristine LTO, i.e., the capacity retention improved from 41.3% to 77.6% within 500 cycles at room temperature and from 58.0% to 97.0% within 100 cycles at 55 °C.