bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Consuming well-being and happiness through epicurean ingestion
Authors: Bodunrin Temitope Sarah , Stone Tim
Published: November 2019

Purpose

This paper aims to investigate the idea of eating for pleasure and its effect on consumer well-being. It begins by introducing the concept of food well-being (FWB) under the transformative consumer research (TCR) agenda. Subsequently, it provides detailed discussions on the concept of pleasure, under which food practices involving epicurean pleasure and hedonic and eudaimonic consumption will be discussed.

Design/methodology/approach

This paper takes a different approach to the usual qualitative methodologies by using the introspective analysis of the filmEat, Pray, Lovewhere the consumption of food for pleasure was heavily practiced.

Findings

This paper presents the introspective voice of the lead author’s food consumption. It reveals a food consumption practice which followed an initial loss of taste, to alternative food consumption (AFC) and finally slow food ingestion. The journey of her epicurean ingestion revealed pleasurable experiences that reflected a positive subjective well-being (SWB). This attitude of ingesting food and living for the moment propelled the idea that food well-being is more about consumer happiness.

Originality/value

This paper is novel in its approach to use film introspection to probe the concept of FWB within TCR. Additionally, it reveals the transitioning moment of AFC that leads to pleasurable experience. It also reveals that a personal investment in cooking for self restores taste and improves SWB. Overall, it showcases how the appreciation of the sensations of food from its taste, as it was ingested gradually, leads to the total experiential feeling embedded in food consumption.
Can phenotypic selection on floral traits explain the presence of enigmatic intermediate individuals in sympatric populations of Platanthera bifolia and P. chlorantha (Orchidaceae)?
Authors: Ambroise Valentin , Esposito Fabiana , Scopece Giovanni , Tyteca Daniel
Published: November 2019

Pollinators represent one of the main agents of selection on floral traits. Here, we estimated phenotypic selection on floral morphology and phenology in a sympatric population of two orchid species, Platanthera bifolia and P. chlorantha, including enigmatic individuals with intermediate column morphology (as reflected by the distance between viscidia and caudicle length, two traits involved in assortative mating and reproductive isolation among Platanthera species), but genetically indistinguishable from P. bifolia. Our aim was to clarify whether the occurrence of intermediate phenotypes could be explained by the presence of selective pressures exerted by pollinators. Simple linear and quadratic regressions together with univariate and multivariate analyses were used to evaluate the strength of directional, disruptive and stabilizing selection. We found that selection on phenotypic traits varied between groups and sex functions. Contrary to our hypothesis, selection on the viscidia distance and caudicle length appeared to be consistent in the two P. bifolia groups. Interestingly, the viscidia distance was under significant stabilizing selection through female reproductive success in intermediate individuals. Based on these results, we conclude that, despite a significant selective pressure on some phenotypic traits, the presence of individuals with intermediate phenotype is not due to selection. Stabilizing selection on distance between viscidia in intermediate individuals may suggest that assortative mating play a role in the maintenance of this phenotypic polymorphism.
Impact of the Affordable Care Act on human papillomavirus vaccination initiation among lesbian, bisexual, and heterosexual U.S. women
Authors: Agénor Madina , Murchison Gabriel R. , Chen Jarvis T. , Bowen Deborah J. , Rosenthal Meredith B. , Haneuse Sebastien , Austin Sydney Bryn
Published: November 2019

Objective

To examine the effect of the 2010 Affordable Care Act (ACA) extended dependent coverage and no cost‐sharing provisions on human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination in relation to sexual orientation identity among U.S. women.

Data Sources

2006‐2010 and 2011‐2015 National Survey of Family Growth.

Study Design

We used an interrupted time series design and multivariable Poisson regression to assess differences in HPV vaccination initiation before (2007‐2010) and after (2011‐2015) the 2010 ACA provisions among heterosexual, bisexual, and lesbian U.S. women aged 15‐25 years (N = 7033), adjusting for temporal trends and demographic factors.

Data Collection

Computer‐assisted personal interview and audio computer‐assisted self‐interview questionnaires.

Principal Findings

The adjusted prevalence of HPV vaccination initiation was significantly higher among lesbian and bisexual women after compared to before the 2010 ACA—at 19.1 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 5.4, 32.9) and 15.7 (95% CI: 4.4, 27.1) percentage points in 2015 compared to 2007‐2010, respectively. We observed no association between the 2010 ACA provisions and HPV vaccination initiation among heterosexual women after adjusting for temporal trends and demographic factors.

Conclusions

The 2010 ACA provisions may have improved HPV vaccination initiation among lesbian and bisexual women. Policies and programs that increase access to health insurance and provide HPV vaccines at no cost to patients may facilitate HPV vaccine uptake in these marginalized populations.
Retrospective study of the adverse events of the treatment for an acute attack of neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder
Authors: Veerachit‐O‐larn Titinan , Siritho Sasitorn , Prayoonwiwat Naraporn
Published: November 2019

Intravenous methylprednisolone (IVMP) is an initially recommended therapy for an acute attack of neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD). For those who do not respond to steroid treatment, plasma exchange (PLEX) is generally added‐on. We evaluated adverse events of an acute treatment in NMOSD patients in a university‐based hospital during January 2009 and December 2017. Ninety‐seven patients with 177 attacks were collected. The therapy included IVMP alone (123 events, 62.4%), IVMP followed by PLEX (46 events, 23.4%) and, PLEX alone (8 events, 4.5%). Adverse events occurred in 36.7% of the IVMP group and 61.1% of the PLEX group. The most common adverse event was hyperglycemia (43.5%) followed by infection (29%) in the former and hypocalcemia (63.6%) followed by hypofibrinogen (42.4%), hypotension (30.3%), and infection (21.2%) in the latter. One severe adverse event was documented in the IVMP group and 13 events in the PLEX groups, nevertheless, all were manageable.
Geriatric Nutritional Risk Index as a prognostic marker in patients with extensive‐stage disease small cell lung cancer: Results from a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Lee Gyeong‐Won , Go Se‐Il , Kim Dong‐Wan , Kim Hoon‐Gu , Kim Joo‐Hang , An Ho Jung , Jang Joung Soon , Kim Bong‐Seog , Hahn Seokyung , Heo Dae Seog
Published: November 2019

Background

Clinical impact of the Geriatric Nutritional Risk Index (GNRI) in patients with extensive‐stage disease small cell lung cancer (ED‐SCLC) have not previously been reported.

Methods

This study analyzed 352 patients enrolled in a previous randomized phase III trial comparing the efficacy of irinotecan plus cisplatin with that of etoposide plus cisplatin as the first‐line therapy for ED‐SCLC. GNRI values were calculated using serum albumin levels and actual and ideal bodyweights. Patients with a GNRI > 98, 92–98, and <92 were grouped into no, low, and moderate/major risk groups, respectively.

Results

The objective response rates were 63.2%, 52.6%, and 49.2% in the no, low, and moderate/major risk groups, respectively (P = 0.024). The median progression‐free survival (PFS) was shorter in patients with a lower GNRI than in those with a higher GNRI (no vs. low vs. moderate/major risk group; 6.5 vs. 5.8 vs. 5.9 months, respectively; P = 0.028). There were significant differences in median overall survival (OS) according to GNRI (no vs. low vs. moderate/major risk group; 13.2 vs. 10.3 vs. 8.4 months, respectively; P < 0.001). Multivariate analysis revealed that being in the moderate/major risk group was an independent poor prognostic factor for PFS (hazard ratio [HR]: 1.300, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.012–1.670; P = 0.040) and OS (HR: 1.539; 95% CI: 1.069–2.216; P = 0.020).

Conclusions

This prospective study shows that a low GNRI value was associated with a poor prognosis, and it supports the relationship between systemic inflammation, nutritional status, and clinical outcomes in patients with ED‐SCLC.Key points

Significant findings of the study

The lower GNRI group had a low response rate to chemotherapy for ED‐SCLC. The HRs for PFS and OS were 1.300 and 1.539 in the patients with GNRI < 92.

What this study adds

Low GNRI is associated with poor prognosis in ED‐SCLC.
The effect of cognitive aid design on the perceived usability of critical event cognitive aids
Authors: Clebone Anna , Burian Barbara K. , Tung Avery
Published: November 2019

Background

Critical events require that clinicians process information and make decisions quickly. To reduce mental workload during such events, cognitive aids have been developed. We have previously observed that designing such aids to facilitate discrete information transfer decreased time to information finding. However, whether clinicians perceive aids designed for discrete information transfer as more usable than step‐by‐step designs remains unclear. We hypothesized that experimental cognitive aids designed for discrete information transfer would be judged more usable than step‐by‐step Linear aids.

Methods

Volunteer clinicians were asked to use cognitive aids during low fidelity simulation scenarios. Experimental cognitive aids featuring color‐coded, labeled, and consistently located content clusters were compared with aids formatted in a traditional step‐by‐step fashion. We then performed a quantitative assessment of perceived usability and conducted structured knowledge elicitation interviews.

Results

Clinicians rated the two experimental cognitive aids as more usable than the Linear aid. On a 0‐100 scale the median (IQR) rating was 25(18,23) for the Linear aid and 89(80,95) and 81(65,90) for the two experimental designs, respectively, with a higher number indicating greater ease of use (P < .01 for each). Narrative responses suggested specific features that improved usability and a thematic analysis identified six major themes driving preference for cognitive aid use.

Conclusion

During simulated critical events, cognitive aids designed for discrete information transfer were considered more usable than step by step Linear aids. Specific themes governing usability were identified during mixed methods analysis. Further work is needed to optimize cognitive aid use among anesthesia clinicians.
Post‐operative intensive care unit admission after elective non‐cardiac surgery: A single‐center analysis of the NSQIP database
Authors: Bruceta Melanio , De Souza Luisa , Carr Zyad J. , Bonavia Anthony , Kunselman Allen R. , Karamchandani Kunal
Published: November 2019

Background

Admission to the intensive care unit (ICU) after surgery can be associated with significant morbidity and mortality. This observational cohort study aims to identify perioperative factors associated with post‐operative ICU admission in patients undergoing elective non‐cardiac surgery.

Methods

Data from the ACS NSQIP® database at a tertiary care academic medical center were analyzed from January 2011 to September 2016. Univariable and multivariable logistic regression of patient and surgery‐specific characteristics was performed to assess association with post‐operative ICU admission. The Current Procedural Terminology (CPT) and International Classification of Diseases (ICD‐9) billing codes, as well as associated outcomes, were reviewed.

Results

Of 5254 database patient records, 1150 met our inclusion criteria. Elevated body mass index (BMI), longer procedure duration and a diagnosis of disseminated cancer were associated with post‐operative ICU admission. Prostatectomy and morbid obesity were the most common CPT and ICD‐9 codes identified. Patients who were admitted to the ICU after surgery had a longer hospital length of stay (LOS), had a higher frequency of readmission, re‐operation, and in‐hospital mortality.

Conclusion

Admission to the ICU after elective non‐cardiac surgery is common. Our analysis of the ACS NSQIP® database identified elevated BMI, longer duration of surgery and disseminated cancer as predictors of post‐operative ICU admissions in patients undergoing elective non‐cardiac surgery.
Growth Mindsets of Alcoholism Buffer Against Deleterious Effects of Drinking Identity on Problem Drinking Over Time
Authors: Lindgren Kristen P. , Burnette Jeni L. , Hoyt Crystal L. , Peterson Kirsten P. , Neighbors Clayton
Published: November 2019

Background

Explicit (self‐report) and implicit (indirect) measures of identification with drinking alcohol—drinking identity—are associated with drinking outcomes cross‐sectionally and longitudinally. A key next step is to identify moderators. The current study evaluated a promising moderator: mindsets of alcoholism. Believing people can change (growth mindset) is associated with adaptive outcomes in domains such as mental health, but research is scant regarding mindsets related to problematic drinking. We evaluated whether individuals’ alcoholism mindsets moderated the drinking identity to drinking relation as part of a larger, longitudinal web‐based study of heavy drinkers.

Methods

A total of 422 US college graduates (59% women) who were heavy drinkers completed measures assessing drinking identity, mindsets, and drinking outcomes (consumption, problems, and risk of alcohol use disorder). Drinking outcomes were assessed at 2 subsequent assessments occurring 4 and 8 months after the initial assessment.

Results

Drinking identity was positively associated with drinking outcomes, and drinking outcomes reduced following college graduation. Alcoholism mindsets were significantly and negatively correlated with all drinking outcomes. Mindsets were only conditionally associated with drinking behaviors over time in models that evaluated mindsets, drinking identity measures, and their interaction. Mindsets moderated the relationship between drinking identity and changes in drinking behaviors, but the relation was specific to explicit drinking identity and consumption. Among participants with stronger drinking identity, those who had stronger (vs. weaker) growth mindsets reported reduction in consumption over time.

Conclusions

Growth mindsets of alcoholism appear adaptive for college graduate heavy drinkers with a stronger drinking identity. Mindsets are amenable to interventions; targeting them may be useful in heavy‐drinking college graduates.
Positive spillover effect and audit quality: a study of cancelling China’s dual audit system
Authors: Zhang Rui , Wong Raymond M. K. , Tian Gaoliang , Fonseka Mohan M.
Published: November 2019

The mandatory dual‐audit and dual‐reporting system (DADRS) for mainland Chinese firms cross‐listed in Hong Kong (AH firms) was abolished in 2010. This study quantifies a positive spillover effect from Hong Kong‐based auditors in the DADRS and examines whether and to what extent this affects the audit quality of AH firms. We find that AH firms exposed to a stronger positive spillover effect have higher audit quality, and the loss of this effect drives the declining audit quality of AH firms after they cancelled the DADRS. This study is among the first empirical works on this research topic.
Identifying Memphis: A comprehensive and comparative description of the immature stages and natural history of Memphis acidalia victoria (H. Druce, 1877; Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae)
Authors: Gueratto Patrícia E , Machado Patrícia A , Aguiar Tamara M C , Barbosa Eduardo P , Dias Fernando M S , Oliveira‐Neto José F , Casagrande Mirna M , Freitas André V L
Published: November 2019

Memphis Hübner (1819) is the most species‐rich genus among the Neotropical Charaxinae, occurring from southern United States to Argentina. Memphis acidalia (Hübner, 1819; Anaeini), a common and widespread species distributed in all of South America east of the Andes, is part of a complex of superficially similar, and supposedly related, species with high intraspecific variability. Immature stages are fundamental sources of information for Anaeini taxonomy; however, knowledge on immature stages of Memphis is incomplete. Thus, we describe the immature external morphology, biology and behaviour, plus the chaetotaxy of the first instar of M. acidalia victoria (H. Druce, 1877) and provide distinguishing characteristics of its life stages from those of similar sympatric species, namely. Memphis moruus (Fabricius, 1775), Memphis editha (Comstock, 1961), Memphis philumena (Doubleday, 1849) and Memphis oenomais (Boisduval, 1870). In general, the immature stages are similar to other “moruus‐type'' species of Memphis, differing from other species mostly on the co lour patterns of the fifth instar and pupa.
Application of quantum dot‐based biosensor to the conjunctiva in Wistar albino rats
Authors: Nur İsmail Hakkı , Saçmaci Şerife , Keleş Hacı , Abumandour Mohamed , Testereci Haluk
Published: November 2019

This study was conducted to get an idea about the distribution of the lymphatic fluid in conjunctiva throughout the body parts. For this purpose, Qdot655 (QD), fluorescence nanoparticles, spread onto the conjunctiva were used on Wistar albino rats. Drainage of QD particles from conjunctiva was followed up via fluorescence images at different hours on body parts such as eye, ears, forearms, hind legs and tails. The first fluorescence signals within the 30th minutes following administration of QD were observed in the nasal region and the anterior extremities. Whereas within 60th minutes following QD spread, fluorescent signals were obtained from the ears, forearms, hind legs and tail of the female and male rats.
Editorial: effect of exercise on physical frailty in patients with chronic liver disease
Authors: Ravikiran Sindhuvalada Karnam , Bhat Mamatha
Published: November 2019

LINKED CONTENT

This article is linked to Williams et al and Armstrong et al papers. To view these articles, visit https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.15491 and https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.15556.
Editorial: evolving histological assessment of NASH. Authors' reply
Authors: Pai Rish K. , Feagan Brian G. , Parker Claire E. , Jairath Vipul , Loomba Rohit
Published: November 2019

LINKED CONTENT

This article is linked to Pai et al and Rowe papers. To view these articles, visit https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.15503 and https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.15537.
At the intersection of corporate governance and performance in family business settings: Extant knowledge and future research
Authors: Bodolica Virginia , Dupuis Daniel , Spraggon Martin
Published: November 2019

Despite the proliferation of research on governance and performance of family firms over the past decades, the extant empirical evidence remains inconclusive. Acknowledging multiple sources of family firm variation, scholars started explaining the observed differences in governance structures and performance outcomes by taking into consideration the heterogeneity among family firms. In this paper, we undertake a review of the literature at the intersection of governance and performance in family firms to elucidate (a) the role of various governance attributes as performance drivers; and (b) the variability of governance effects across different performance indicators. By taking stock of what is already known and discussing avenues for further investigation, we seek to contribute to a more fine‐grained understanding of the intricate governance–performance relationship in light of the heterogeneous nature of family firms. The key priorities for future inquiry consist in: the identification of missing mediating and moderating variables; the inclusion of currently underexplored governance determinants of family firm performance; and the analysis of complementarity and substitution effects among multiple attributes of monitoring and their changing dynamics over time to secure an optimal governance–performance alignment in family firms.
A hierarchical latent response model for inferences about examinee engagement in terms of guessing and item‐level non‐response
Authors: Ulitzsch Esther , von Davier Matthias , Pohl Steffi
Published: November 2019

In low‐stakes assessments, test performance has few or no consequences for examinees themselves, so that examinees may not be fully engaged when answering the items. Instead of engaging in solution behaviour, disengaged examinees might randomly guess or generate no response at all. When ignored, examinee disengagement poses a severe threat to the validity of results obtained from low‐stakes assessments. Statistical modelling approaches in educational measurement have been proposed that account for non‐response or for guessing, but do not consider both types of disengaged behaviour simultaneously. We bring together research on modelling examinee engagement and research on missing values and present a hierarchical latent response model for identifying and modelling the processes associated with examinee disengagement jointly with the processes associated with engaged responses. To that end, we employ a mixture model that identifies disengagement at the item‐by‐examinee level by assuming different data‐generating processes underlying item responses and omissions, respectively, as well as response times associated with engaged and disengaged behaviour. By modelling examinee engagement with a latent response framework, the model allows assessing how examinee engagement relates to ability and speed as well as to identify items that are likely to evoke disengaged test‐taking behaviour. An illustration of the model by means of an application to real data is presented.
THE CONCISE GUIDE TO PHARMACOLOGY 2019/20: Introduction and Other Protein Targets
Authors: Alexander Stephen P H , Kelly Eamonn , Mathie Alistair , Peters John A , Veale Emma L , Armstrong Jane F , Faccenda Elena , Harding Simon D , Pawson Adam J , Sharman Joanna L , Southan Christopher , Buneman O Peter , Cidlowski John A , Christopoulos Arthur , Davenport Anthony P , Fabbro Doriano , Spedding Michael , Striessnig Jörg , Davies Jamie A ,   CGTP Collaborators
Published: November 2019

The Concise Guide to PHARMACOLOGY 2019/20 is the fourth in this series of biennial publications. The Concise Guide provides concise overviews of the key properties of nearly 1800 human drug targets with an emphasis on selective pharmacology (where available), plus links to the open access knowledgebase source of drug targets and their ligands (www.guidetopharmacology.org), which provides more detailed views of target and ligand properties. Although the Concise Guide represents approximately 400 pages, the material presented is substantially reduced compared to information and links presented on the website. It provides a permanent, citable, point‐in‐time record that will survive database updates. The full contents of this section can be found at http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bph.14747. In addition to this overview, in which are identified Other protein targets which fall outside of the subsequent categorisation, there are six areas of focus: G protein‐coupled receptors, ion channels, nuclear hormone receptors, catalytic receptors, enzymes and transporters. These are presented with nomenclature guidance and summary information on the best available pharmacological tools, alongside key references and suggestions for further reading. The landscape format of the Concise Guide is designed to facilitate comparison of related targets from material contemporary to mid‐2019, and supersedes data presented in the 2017/18, 2015/16 and 2013/14 Concise Guides and previous Guides to Receptors and Channels. It is produced in close conjunction with the International Union of Basic and Clinical Pharmacology Committee on Receptor Nomenclature and Drug Classification (NC‐IUPHAR), therefore, providing official IUPHAR classification and nomenclature for human drug targets, where appropriate.
TOWARDS REASONABLE PATIENT CARE UNDER UNCERTAINTY
Authors: Manski Charles F.
Published: November 2019

This keynote address provides a foundation that incorporates decision‐theory methods for integrating uncertainty into the decision‐making process for patient care in the health care system. The article provides linkages between the medical economics literature, health care analysis, and quantitative methods to help improve the outcomes for patients in the health care system. (JEL I18, I14, I10)
An intelligent optimization‐based traffic information acquirement approach to software‐defined networking
Authors: Huo Liuwei , Jiang Dingde , Lv Zhihan , Singh Surjit
Published: November 2019

Internet of things (IoT) is a global information infrastructure that supports access to thousands of monitoring devices and user terminals. A large amount of monitoring data generated by IoT is integrated to cloud computing through the network to improve the quality of life of citizens. Fine‐grained and accurate traffic information is important for IoT network management. Software‐defined networking (SDN) is a centralized control plane as a logical control center, making network management more flexible and efficient. Then, we collect fine‐grained traffic information in SDN‐based IoT networks to improve network management. To acquire the traffic information with low overhead and high accuracy, first, we collect the statistics of coarse‐grained traffic of flows and fine‐grained traffic of links, and then we utilize the intelligent optimization methods to estimate the network traffic. To improve the granularity and accuracy of the acquired traffic information, we construct an optimization function with constraints to decrease the estimation errors. As the optimization function of traffic information is a non‐deterministic polynomial‐hard problem, we present a heuristic algorithm to obtain the optimal solution of the fine‐grained measurement. Finally, we conduct some simulations to verify the proposed measurement scheme. Simulation results show that our approach can improve the granularity and accuracy of traffic information with intelligent optimization methods.
The influence of ink viscosity, water and fabric construction on the quality of ink‐jet printed polyester
Authors: Gao Chengyong , Xing Tieling , Hou Xueni , Chen Guoqiang
Published: November 2019

This paper is concerned with the quality of lines and disperse ink in printing patterns on different untreated polyester fabric constructions. The lines running in the weft and warp directions were printed on polyester fabric constructions, and printing accuracy was assessed. Ink spreading is one of the important factors that influences the ink distribution. Thus, in order to acquire satisfactory ink‐jet printing products, it is essential to control the spreading of ink on the polyester fabric. To meet these conditions, a series of chemicals (disperse dye 5.01 wt%, PVP‐K30 0‐2 wt%, DEG 5‐20 wt%, water 64.17‐79.17 wt%, etc) with different mass fractions was used to prepare disperse ink. The jetting behaviour of ink was related to its surface tension and viscosity, which was characterised by an automatic surface tensiometer and rotational viscometer. Line profile was used to evaluate the printing effect. Low field nuclear magnetic resonance and three‐dimensional super depth digital microscopy were used to reveal the relationships between the state of water, ink diffusion behaviour and printing sharpness. The results showed that increasing ink viscosity or decreasing free water content is advantageous to improve the sharpness of the printing pattern. The effects of fabric structural parameters on line image quality are discussed. The printing quality was closely related to the weight and structure of fabric. The heavy weight fabrics had accurate print pattern sharpness. The fastness test results showed that the ink printing pattern had good colour fastness.
Differential gene expression in fronds and stolons of the siphonous macroalga, Caulerpa lentillifera
Authors: Arimoto Asuka , Nishitsuji Koki , Narisoko Haruhi , Shoguchi Eiichi , Satoh Noriyuki
Published: November 2019

The green alga, Caulerpa lentillifera, is composed of a single cell with multiple nuclei, but it possesses structures analogous to leaves or fronds, stems or stolons, and roots or rhizoids. To understand molecular mechanisms involved in formation and function of these structures, we carried out RNA‐seq analysis of fronds and stolons (including rhizoids). Taking advantage of the decoded genome of C. lentillifera, the present RNA‐seq analysis addressed transcripts corresponding to 9,311 genes identified in the genome. RNA‐seq data suggested that 8,734 genes are expressed in sporophytes. Despite the siphonous body of the alga, differential gene expression was evident in the two structures. 1,027 (11.8%) and 1,129 (12.9%) genes were preferentially expressed in fronds and stolons, respectively, while the remaining 6,578 (75.3%) genes were expressed at the same level in both. Most genes preferentially expressed in fronds are associated with photosynthesis and plant hormone pathways, including abscisic acid signaling. In contrast, those preferentially expressed in stolons are associated with translation and DNA replication. These results indicate that gene expression is regulated differently between fronds and stolons, which probably governs the function of each structure. Together with genomic information, the present transcriptomic data provide genic information about development and physiology of this unique, siphonous organism.
The political economy of trade and migration: Evidence from the U.S. Congress
Authors: Conconi Paola , Facchini Giovanni , Steinhardt Max F. , Zanardi Maurizio
Published: November 2019

We compare the drivers of U.S. congressmen's votes on trade and migration reforms since the 1970s. Standard trade theory suggests that trade reforms that lower barriers to goods from less skilled‐labor abundant countries and migration reforms that lower barriers to low‐skilled migrants should have similar distributional effects, hurting low‐skilled U.S. workers while benefiting high‐skilled workers. In line with this prediction, we find that House members representing more skilled‐labor abundant districts are more likely to support trade and migration reforms that benefit high‐skilled workers. Still, important differences exist: Democrats are less supportive of trade reforms than Republicans, while the opposite is true for migration reforms; welfare state considerations and network effects shape votes on migration, but not on trade.
Can power be self‐legitimating? Political realism in Hobbes, Weber, and Williams
Authors: Cozzaglio Ilaria , Greene Amanda R.
Published: November 2019

Political realists seek to provide an alternative to accounts of political legitimacy that are based on moral standards. In this endeavor, they face the challenge of how to interpret the maxim that power cannot be self‐legitimating. In this paper, we argue that work by Bernard Williams sheds light on the possible answers to this challenge. While Williams aligns himself with the realist tradition, his account of legitimacy contains an implicit critique of political realism. This is evident, we show, in his rejections of the views of Thomas Hobbes and Max Weber. Williams is not satisfied with Hobbes because he conflates legitimacy and political order, eliminating space for criticizing power. Weber's view, however, offers a non‐moralist standard of legitimacy that has critical purchase. This critical purchase emerges from the demands made on rulers to uphold the values that underlie their legitimation, combined with the ethic of responsibility. The resulting grounds for criticism are thus consistent with the maxim that power cannot be self‐legitimating—the very maxim that Williams puts at the heart of his realism. By showing that Williams's partial rejection of Hobbes and Weber cannot be sustained only on realist grounds, our analysis clarifies the limits of political realism.
Building bagging on critical instances
Authors: Guo Li , Boukir Samia , Aussem Alexandre
Published: November 2019

The ensemble method is a powerful data mining paradigm, which builds a classification model by integrating multiple diversified component learners. Bagging is one of the most successful ensemble methods. It is made of bootstrap‐inspired classifiers and uses these classifiers to get an aggregated classifier. However, in bagging, bootstrapped training sets become more and more similar as redundancy is increasing. Besides redundancy, any training set is usually subject to noise. Moreover, the training set might be imbalanced. Thus, each training instance has a different impact on the learning process. This paper explores some properties of the ensemble margin and its use in improving the performance of bagging. We introduce a new approach to measure the importance of training data in learning, based on the margin theory. Then, a new bagging method concentrating on critical instances is proposed. This method is more accurate than bagging and more robust than boosting. Compared to bagging, it reduces the bias while generally keeping the same variance. Our findings suggest that (a) examples with low margins tend to be more critical for the classifier performance; (b) examples with higher margins tend to be more redundant; (c) misclassified examples with high margins tend to be noisy examples. Our experimental results on 15 various data sets show that the generalization error of bagging can be reduced up to 2.5% and its resilience to noise strengthened by iteratively removing both typical and noisy training instances, reducing the training set size by up to 75%.
Efficacy and safety of subcutaneous administration of ceftazidime as a salvage therapy in geriatrics: a case report
Authors: Michelon Hugues , Tardivel Marie , Dinh Aurélien , Alvarez Jean‐Claude , Salomon Elsa , Le Quintrec Jean‐Laurent , Hirt Deborah , Davido Benjamin
Published: November 2019

Ceftazidime is a third‐generation cephalosporin used for the treatment of Gram‐negative bacteria only approved for parenteral use by intravenous and intramuscular route. In some clinical situations, off‐label subcutaneous injection could be a salvage route for the administration of antibiotics, especially in geriatrics, despite the paucity of evidence about efficacy and safety. We report a case of a successful and well‐tolerated subcutaneous ceftazidime therapy in a 90‐year‐old woman for the treatment of an acute urinary tract infection caused by Pseudomonas aeruginosa with therapeutic drug monitoring data.
Where old meets new: An ecosystem study of methanogenesis in a reflooded agricultural peatland
Authors: McNicol Gavin , Knox Sara H. , Guilderson Thomas P. , Baldocchi Dennis D. , Silver Whendee L.
Published: November 2019

Reflooding formerly drained peatlands has been proposed as a means to reduce losses of organic matter and sequester soil carbon for climate change mitigation, but a renewal of high methane emissions has been reported for these ecosystems, offsetting mitigation potential. Our ability to interpret observed methane fluxes in reflooded peatlands and make predictions about future flux trends is limited due to a lack of detailed studies of methanogenic processes. In this study we investigate methanogenesis in a reflooded agricultural peatland in the Sacramento Delta, California. We use the stable‐and radio‐carbon isotopic signatures of wetland sediment methane, ecosystem‐scale eddy covariance flux observations, and laboratory incubation experiments, to identify which carbon sources and methanogenic production pathways fuel methanogenesis and how these processes are affected by vegetation and seasonality. We found that the old peat contribution to annual methane emissions was large (~30%) compared to intact wetlands, indicating a biogeochemical legacy of drainage. However, fresh carbon and the acetoclastic pathway still accounted for the majority of methanogenesis throughout the year. Although temperature sensitivities for bulk peat methanogenesis were similar between open‐water (Q10 = 2.1) and vegetated (Q10 = 2.3) soils, methane production from both fresh and old carbon sources showed pronounced seasonality in vegetated zones. We conclude that high methane emissions in restored wetlands constitute a biogeochemical trade‐off with contemporary carbon uptake, given that methane efflux is fueled primarily by fresh carbon inputs.
Species niches, not traits, determine abundance and occupancy patterns: A multi‐site synthesis
Authors: Marino Nicholas A. C. , Céréghino Régis , Gilbert Benjamin , Petermann Jana S. , Srivastava Diane S. , de Omena Paula M. , Bautista Fabiola Ospina , Guzman Laura Melissa , Romero Gustavo Q. , Trzcinski M. Kurtis , Barberis Ignacio M. , Corbara Bruno , Debastiani Vanderlei J. , Dézerald Olivier , Kratina Pavel , Leroy Céline , MacDonald Arthur Andrew M. , Montero Guillermo , Pillar Valério D. , Richardson Barbara A. , Richardson Michael J. , Talaga Stanislas , Gonçalves Ana Z. , Piccoli Gustavo C. O. , Jocqué Merlijn , Farjalla Vinicius F.
Published: November 2019

Aim

Locally abundant species are usually widespread, and this pattern has been related to properties of the niches and traits of species. However, such explanations fail to account for the potential of traits to determine species niches and often overlook statistical artefacts. Here, we examine how trait distinctiveness determines the abilities of species to exploit either common habitats (niche position) or a range of habitats (niche breadth) and how niche position and breadth, in turn, affect abundance and occupancy. We also examine how statistical artefacts moderate these relationships.

Location

Sixteen sites in the Neotropics.

Time period

1993–2014.

Major taxa studied

Aquatic invertebrates from tank bromeliads.

Methods

We measured the environmental niche position and breadth of each species and calculated its trait distinctiveness as the average trait difference from all other species at each site. Then, we used a combination of structural equation models and a meta‐analytical approach to test trait–niche relationships and a null model to control for statistical artefacts.

Results

The trait distinctiveness of each species was unrelated to its niche properties, abundance and occupancy. In contrast, niche position was the main predictor of abundance and occupancy; species that used the most common environmental conditions found across bromeliads were locally abundant and widespread. Contributions of niche breadth to such patterns were attributable to statistical artefacts, indicating that effects of niche breadth might have been overestimated in previous studies.

Main conclusions

Our study reveals the generality of niche position in explaining one of the most common ecological patterns. The robustness of this result is underscored by the geographical extent of our study and our control of statistical artefacts. We call for a similar examination across other systems, which is an essential task to understand the drivers of commonness across the tree of life.
Non‐participation in health checkup and Kihon Checklist predicts loss of certification‐free survival in community‐dwelling older adults
Authors: Igarashi Yuta , Okuno Tazuo , Kodera Kumie , Iritani Osamu , Hamazaki Yuko , Himeno Taroh , Yano Hiroshi , Okuro Masashi , Morita Takuro , Morimoto Shigeto
Published: November 2019

Aim

Despite efforts toward health promotion and preventive care for older adults, including health checkups and postal Kihon Checklist survey, one fifth of community‐dwelling older adults do not participate in them. The aim of the present study was to examine the relationship between this non‐participation and the end of certification‐free survival in older adults.

Methods

In a cohort of 4120 older adults with no prior history of Long‐Term Care Insurance certification, the associations of non‐participation with risk of later death without certification and support/care‐need certification for 72 months were evaluated using Cox proportional hazards analysis.

Results

Of them, 4022 (mean age 72.7 years, 54.7% women) were followed up (97.6%). At baseline, 1072 received health checkups, 2085 replied to the Kihon Checklist alone and 865 did not participate. During 72 months, 310 deaths without certification and 701 certifications occurred. After adjustment, non‐participating individuals had significantly higher hazard ratios for death up to 72 months and for certification up to 36 months, compared with the other two groups. The Kruskal–Wallis test showed associations of increasing incidence of certification due to stroke in pre‐old (aged 65–74 years) men for 72 months, and due to arthralgia/fracture and dementia in old (aged ≥75 years) women for 24 months, with non‐participation in health promotions. Certified non‐participating individuals incurred higher estimated Long‐Term Care Insurance expenditure per person for 72 months, especially in pre‐old men and old women.

Conclusions

Health promotion by health checkup and even Kihon Checklist survey increases certification‐free survival in older residents, and decreases Long‐Term Care Insurance expenditure. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2019; 19: 1206–1214.
Rapid Onset of Effect of Galcanezumab for the Prevention of Episodic Migraine: Analysis of the EVOLVE Studies
Authors: Detke Holland C. , Millen Brian A. , Zhang Qi , Samaan Karen , Ailani Jessica , Dodick David W. , Aurora Sheena K.
Published: November 2019

Objective

To evaluate onset of effect of galcanezumab in patients with episodic migraine.

Background

Galcanezumab is a monoclonal antibody that binds to calcitonin gene‐related peptide and is indicated for preventive treatment of migraine.

Design/Methods

Data on the primary outcome measure were analyzed from 2 previously published double‐blind, Phase 3 studies (EVOLVE‐1 [N = 858] and EVOLVE‐2 [N = 915]) wherein adult patients with episodic migraine were randomized to receive monthly subcutaneous injections of galcanezumab 120 mg (with 240‐mg loading dose) or 240 mg or placebo for up to 6 months. Monthly onset of effect was defined as the earliest month at which galcanezumab achieved and subsequently maintained statistical superiority to placebo on the mean change from baseline in the number of monthly migraine headache days (MHDs). If onset occurred in Month 1, weekly onset was evaluated and defined as the earliest week at which galcanezumab statistically separated from placebo and maintained statistical separation for remaining weeks in that month. Day of onset of effect was also analyzed, as were monthly and weekly onset, for occurrence of ≥50% reduction from baseline in number of MHDs.

Results

For both studies, change from baseline in monthly MHDs showed a statistically significant separation of galcanezumab from placebo at Month 1 and each subsequent month (each P < .001). Analysis of the first month for both studies indicated onset of effect in the first week, with galcanezumab‐treated patients having significantly higher odds of having fewer MHDs in the first week (odds ratio [95% confidence interval] for EVOLVE‐1, 2.71 [2.00, 3.66], and for EVOLVE‐2, 2.88 [2.16, 3.86]; both P < .001) and each subsequent week compared with placebo‐treated patients (P ≤ .004). Daily analysis showed onset of effect at Day 1 (first day after injection day). Galcanezumab also demonstrated superiority to placebo on occurrence of ≥50% reduction in MHDs starting at Week 1 (percentage of patients with 50% response in galcanezumab group vs placebo group for EVOLVE‐1, 54.3% vs 32.4% [P < .001], and for EVOLVE‐2, 59.4% vs 38.0% [P < .001]).

Conclusion

Rapid onset of preventive effect on the first day after injection of galcanezumab was confirmed in both studies of episodic migraine.
Potential of technology to improve the availability and use of health information on cancer subjects for clergy from rural communities
Authors: Wallace Rick , Behringer Bruce
Published: November 2019

Background

Cancer is a leading cause of death around the world and often is a chronic long term disease. This calls for an expanded workforce to include non‐traditional health care providers.

Objective

To determine effectiveness of a cancer information training project with clergy from selected rural Appalachian areas to improve comfort and willingness to work as part of the cancer health care team.

Methods

Clergy were trained in the consumer health database of the National Library of Medicine MedlinePlus.gov. Exercises were required that were done using an iPad tablet with an online curriculum. They were also taught how to do a population health assessment of their particular area and develop a health ministry for their church.

Results

Three key elements were confirmed that would enable replication of the pilot: access to medlineplus, programmed learning modules using mobile technology such as iPads, and staff support including librarians and medical staff. With these key elements, the cancer project is potentially replicable with other groups beyond clergy.

Conclusion

Knowledge about population health, built on new awareness and topical health knowledge, and using new skills to identify relevant information and library resources, could open minds and enhance community support for preventive and medical interventions.
Spatial and temporal movement of the Bearded Vulture using GPS telemetry in the Himalayas of Nepal
Authors: Subedi Tulsi R. , Pérez‐García Juan M. , Sah Shahrul A.M. , Gurung Sandesh , Baral Hem S. , Poudyal Laxman P. , Lee Hansoo , Thomsett Simon , Virani Munir Z. , Anadón José D.
Published: November 2019

This study addresses for the first time the movement patterns of the globally near‐threatened Bearded VultureGypaetus barbatusin its most important stronghold, the high‐altitude mountain ranges of Asia. Tracked individuals (n = 8) in the Annapurna Himalayan range (Nepal) foraged over a vast range of 60 715.9 km2and our results indicated age‐class differences in the use of space. Territorial adults showed very small annual home‐ranges (K90 = 150.3 km2), whereas immatures wandered extensively and covered vast ranges of the mountains (K90 = 23 930.8 km2). For adults and immatures, these values are notably larger than the other two studied populations in the world (Pyrenees and South Africa). This suggests that the studied Annapurna population might exhibit lower breeding density than in the Pyrenees or South Africa, possibly due to lower food availability.
Climatic conditions during migration affect population size and arrival dates in an Afro‐Palaearctic migrant
Authors: Mondain‐Monval Thomas O. , Briggs Kevin , Wilson John , Sharp Stuart P.
Published: November 2019

Long‐distance migrants are particularly susceptible to climate change because of their multi‐stage life‐cycle, but understanding how climatic conditions at each of these stages influence population dynamics remains a key challenge. Here, we use long‐term data from a UK population of Sand Martins Riparia riparia, a declining Afro‐Palaearctic migrant, to investigate how weather on the wintering grounds and at passage sites impacts population size and arrival date. General linear models revealed that population size increased and arrival date advanced over the study period, and both were predicted by regional climatic variables in the previous winter and on passage. These results add to a growing body of evidence showing that population change in migrant birds is influenced by climatic conditions at all stages of the life cycle.