bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ISO INTERNATIONAL STANDARDS FOR SUSTAINABLE URBAN DEVELOPMENT: OPPORTUNITIES FOR ADAPTATION AND IMPLEMENTATION IN UKRAINE
Authors:   State Tax University, Anfilov Dmytro
Published: December 2024

The article addresses the issue of sustainable urban and territorial development, emphasizing the necessity of developing comprehensive assessment and monitoring systems based on international standards. The author focuses on a multi-criteria analysis covering economic, social, and environmental aspects crucial for the resilience of urban areas. Key challenges include adapting and implementing existing standards, particularly the ISO 37120, 37122, and 37123 series, into urban management practices in Ukraine, and achieving a balance between socio-economic needs and environmental responsibility. The article analyzes a series of international standards (ISO 37120, 37122, ISO 37123) that provide a foundation for assessing such indicators as urban service quality, living standards, innovative development, and adaptability to challenges (e.g., climate change). Attention is given to the experience of implementing these standards in various countries, enabling cities to compare achievements, ensure transparency for investors and the international community, and tailor management approaches. The article presents the author’s approach to a detailed assessment of sustainable and smart urban development at the local level, based on the ISO standards series, specifically ISO 37120, 37122, and 37123. Key indicators, categorized by economic development, environmental sustainability, social development, infrastructure and transport, health, safety, governance, and waste management, allow the evaluation of various aspects of urban life to enhance quality of life, crisis resilience, and efficient resource use. The author highlights the need to adapt ISO international standards to local conditions, including the use of additional indicators to more objectively reflect the social, economic, and environmental aspects of cities in different regions. The introduction of localized and specific indicators complements the ISO standards evaluation system for sustainable urban development, promoting a flexible approach to applying them in urban environments. The recommendations ensure both the effectiveness of international standards and cities' ability to adapt to their unique needs and realities.
FINANCIAL AND ECONOMIC PREREQUISITES FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF PHYSICAL CULTURE AND SPORTS ENTERPRISES IN UKRAINE
Authors:   State University of Trade and Economics, Ivanov Andrii
Published: December 2024

The article considers the topical issue of the financial and economic status of physical culture and sports enterprises which are part of the tourist and recreational complex and form a sports subcomplex, which is the basis of the sports recreational cluster and includes, as an elementary type of tourist and recreational activity, physical culture and health enterprises, centres for physical health of the population, centres for physical culture and sports of persons with disabilities, physical culture groups, and physical culture and sports associations. The article shows that as of 2020, Ukraine has seen a significant reduction in the amount of funding from the State budget for physical culture and sports enterprises of the tourism and recreation complex by 92.3%, with changes in the structure of sources of expenditure financing towards a reduction in funding from the State budget by 10% and local budgets by 87.7%, which is due to the implementation of the decentralisation reform. The article reveals negative trends in the financing of physical culture and sports enterprises of the tourist and recreational complex by public organisations by almost 100% from 2015 to 2020. The financial condition of the studied enterprises has revealed that most of them are non-profit, which significantly limits their investment and financial opportunities for systemic development. Negative trends in the financing of physical culture and sports enterprises of the tourist and recreational complex of Ukraine have also been identified. It is concluded that small private enterprises are the main investors in these enterprises. The peak year of investment was 2011. In subsequent periods, there was a different dynamics of investment. In 2013, the volume of investments by large enterprises increased compared to the previous period, but in the following years (except for 2018) their activity decreased significantly. The analysis of the profitability of operating activities in terms of the specialisation of the studied type of enterprise proved their profitability. The author concludes that it is necessary to improve legislation, regulate issues related to attracting various sources of financing for enterprises, improve the business environment, improve tax and customs relations, create high-quality conditions for the development of human capital and invest in its training, structurally redistribute the financial system to ensure priority areas of development based on a review of the hierarchy and priority and redistribute cash flows that will be released to the corporations.
CLARIFYING THE ESSENCE OF THE DEFINITION OF "SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT"
Authors:   Hryhorii Skovoroda University in Pereiaslav, Kovtun Oksana
Published: December 2024

The purpose of the article is to clarify the essence of the definition of “sustainable development”. Research methods: comparative analysis, generalisation. The article notes that a significant difference between sustainable development and other types of enterprise development is active interaction and increased responsibility to partners, consumers, stakeholders and society as a whole. The comparative and decomposition analysis of the definition of “sustainable development” allowed to clarify the concept of “sustainable development of enterprise”, which is proposed to be understood as a harmonious long-term socio-ecological and economic development of production and sales, information and communication activities of enterprise, characterized by increased responsibility to society, partners, stakeholders and customers and ensuring a holistic balance and positive dynamics of functioning in the context of highly turbulent transformations of the globalised environment. In contrast to the existing ones, such an understanding of the essence of sustainable development allows to take into account in management, in addition to the economic, social and environmental needs of society, the latest development trends and global transformations and threats in the world economy, which form new conditions for the functioning and development of enterprises. The article summarises the quantitative and qualitative features of sustainable development, the understanding of which allows an enterprise to increase its sustainability and form a competitive position in the market.
MONETARY POLICY AND STATE ASSISTANCE MEASURES TO BUSINESS SUBJECTS IN THE GREEN TRANSFORMATION OF THE ECONOMY
Authors:   State Tax University, Belinska Yanina , Chaplygin Oleksandr ,   State Tax University
Published: December 2024

Climate change is one of the 21st century's greatest challenges, driven by human activities and population growth over the past 100-150 years. Its effects, such as global warming and extreme weather events, have serious implications, necessitating urgent climate protection measures. The Paris Agreement, signed in 2015, aims to limit global temperature rise to below 2°C, with efforts to keep it to 1.5°C. Despite growing commitments, more action is needed to meet these goals, as the global economy must undergo significant transformation to achieve sustainability. Central banks are increasingly engaging with environmental sustainability to mitigate economic risks posed by climate change. According to a UBS survey, 32% of central banks view climate change as a global economic risk, and 70 of 135 central banks have mandates related to sustainability. However, the green transition presents challenges, especially given current inflationary pressures, rising energy prices, and geopolitical shifts, such as those caused by the Russia-Ukraine war. This study explores the relationship between the green transition and monetary policy. Central bank mandates influence monetary conditions and the greening of the financial system, ideally leading to price stability and a green economy. However, determining the appropriate instruments and understanding the broader economic impact is complex. Key strategic questions include how the green transition affects price stability, the implications of potential conflicts between green goals and price stability, and the challenges central banks face in ensuring sustainability. Recent research highlights the inflationary effects of climate change into "climateflation," "fossilflation," and "greenflation." These effects increase inflation volatility, complicating monetary policy. The role of central banks in ensuring macroeconomic stability and supporting green transformation by balancing the goals of price stabilization and stimulating business entities to transition to alternative energy sources is substantiated. Monetary instruments for stimulating energy conservation of business entities in Ukraine are shown, in particular, the provision of soft loans, the development of auctions for the support of new commercial renewable energy facilities, market premium mechanisms (feed-in-premium), price difference contracts, incentives based on the principle of self-production.
STRATEGIC MANAGEMENT IN THE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM OF A MODERN ENTERPRISE
Authors:   Vinnytsia Mykhailo Kotsiubynskyi State Pedagogical University, Suprun Svitlana
Published: December 2024

The article considers the directions of strategic management in the management system of a modern enterprise. It is noted that the martial law in Ukraine has radically changed approaches to strategic management, since the focus has now shifted from long-term plans to operational measures aimed at maintaining business viability in a crisis. For the successful functioning of domestic enterprises in this difficult period, the key areas are the implementation of flexible, adaptive strategies, focus on risk management and innovative management approaches. martial law in Ukraine has radically changed approaches to strategic management and the focus has shifted from long-term plans to operational measures aimed at maintaining business viability in a crisis. The main approaches to strategic management are considered. First of all, it is a change of priorities and goals. For the majority of domestic enterprises, the main strategic goal is to ensure operational activities and survival. Long-term plans have been frozen or changed to short-term objectives. Some companies, based on their capabilities, have started to expand their operations in western Ukraine to minimise the risks from the hostilities. Another approach to strategic management is the function of adaptability and flexibility in business processes. This included new ways of securing supply chains, adapting logistics, and new sales schemes. Large enterprises have implemented anti-crisis strategies that include measures to cut costs, reduce staff, and search for new markets and partners. The role of risk management has increased, as strategic decisions are accompanied by a constant assessment of risks, such as physical threats, infrastructure losses, currency fluctuations and rising energy prices. In view of this, it is found that the most important theoretical and applied aspects that require further development in the current economic environment are the deepening of the modern paradigm of enterprise management through the development of theoretical provisions of the business modelling concept, clarification of the concepts of ‘corporate strategy’ and ‘business model’ of an enterprise.
THE ANALYSIS AND STRATEGIC DIRECT DEVELOPMENT OF GLOBAL LABOUR MARKET AFTER THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC
Authors:   V.N. Karazin Kharkiv National University, Firsanova Violetta
Published: December 2024

The global labour market is constantly changing due to technological, economic and social changes. The global labour market was particularly shaken by the COVID-19 pandemic. It is still impossible to say that this market has fully recovered from the past pandemic. One of the main trends that occurred due to the pandemic was the transition to a remote or mixed format of work and study, which made it possible to avoid infecting a large number of people in the world. Now, the remote or mixed format is still used in companies as the most acceptable. The key indicators are predicted to improve in this market in 2025. Studying its trends helps organizations and governments adapt to new conditions. The global labour market studying allows countries and companies to respond in advance to changes and instability, such as economic crises or migration flows. The global skill understanding needs to help educational institutions adapt their programs and prepare workers for the modern labour market demands. The familiarization with international practices in the field of sustainable development and social responsibility allows countries and companies to implement effective strategies for global standards. Therefore, this theme of this article is relevant. The global labour studying market is especially important in the context of globalization and increasing digitalization. The unemployment rate is still a key indicator of the labour market state. Not a single report of international organizations is complete without an unemployment rate analysis and the accompanying indicators. Therefore, it is necessary to continue to study this indicator and look for new approaches to its analysis. In turn, this article analyzes the number of jobs shortages and deficits in the world by gender. At the same time, labour market indicators are analyzed, which make it possible to assess the current state of the global labour market and predict its development. The author proposed strategic directions for the development of the global labour market after the COVID-19 pandemic according to current tendencies at three levels: supranational, macro and micro levels.
EXPORT POTENTIAL OF THE EU AGRISECTOR
Authors:   State University "Uzhhorod National University", Brenzovych Kateryna , Draholchuk Andrii ,   State University "Uzhhorod National University", Hotra Anatolii ,   State University "Uzhhorod National University"
Published: December 2024

The importance of the study subject is explained by the increase in demand on foods and its quality it the world, together with growing obstacles to producing safe and affordable foods and row materials for their production. The EU is a unique case of building effective ready-to-eat food production based on its own agri-production, providing foods both for internal and overseas consumption. Therefore, the European sector is a reliable base of food security and an important source of export income. The article examines the structure of production and export of EU agricultural products. The role of agriculture as the raw material base of the food industry and its role in ensuring the food security of the association is determined. The geographical and commodity structure of the EU exports and imports is analyzed basing on the data provided by the official statistical resources of the EU. It was determined that the key advantage of the structure of the EU agritrade is that imports are represented mostly by raw products of low value and those that are not manufactured in the EU due to climatic restrictions, while exports are formed at the expense of finished products of high quality and value. It was determined that despite the insignificant contribution of agriculture to the Union's GDP, the level of development of this sector of the economy and its efficiency are so high that the status of the leading supplier of food to the world market has been secured for the EU. The agricultural sector is the main supplier of raw materials and intermediate products for the food industry, which has a significant role in the union's exports, and is an important component of the so-called "food chain". It was alsodetermined that a unique feature of the EU internal market is the almost complete coverage of its needs in food products by its own production. Imports make up a small part of domestic consumption, and are formed due to products with a low degree of processing. The successful example of the Netherlands was considered as of the world export leader in the development of a highly efficient agricultural sector, which was formed based on the use of modern technologies in conditions of limited resources.
DIGITAL TRANSFORMATION OF INTERNATIONAL TRADE IN THE DIMENSIONS OF THE DIGITAL DIVIDE
Authors:   State University "Uzhhorod National University", Getmanenko Oleksii , Fizeshi Yosyp ,   State University "Uzhhorod National University"
Published: December 2024

The article examines the impact of the digitalisation of the global economy on international trade, in particular e-commerce. The articlefocuses on the development of blockchain technologies, artificial intelligence and big data, and the strengthening of international economic security. The main objective of the study is to analyse the digital divide between countries participating in international trade. Of particular importance is the fact that identifying effective strategies for adapting national economies to new conditions, creating a regulatory framework for digital trade, and ensuring equal access to digital technologies for all participants in the global economy are important tasks from a practical point of view. Based on an analysis of recent research and publications by renowned economists, the authors examine how new factors such as digital transformation are accelerating changes in international trade and are having an impact on all sectors of the economy. through technological modes, socio-economic relations, material values and communications. It has been found that the use of digital technologies leads to profound changes in production, consumption, distribution and finance, contributing to the formation of new markets and the introduction of innovative approaches to the organisation of production and trade management. The article analyses the level of digital skills by country to understand how different countries use technology to develop their economies and participate in international trade. The authors found that the level of digital skills varies significantly between countries. The results thus obtained indicate that digital transformation is becoming one of the key factors that changes the structure, mechanisms and efficiency of international trade. It is concluded that the digital divide affects the competitiveness of countries, and this leads to the fact that countries that cannot fully use digital technologies find themselves on the periphery of global economic processes.
FRONT-END SECURITY ARCHITECTURE: PROTECTION OF USER DATA AND PRIVACY
Authors: Чечет А. С. , Черних М. В. , Панасюк Я. С. , Абдуллін І. І.
Published: December 2024

Investigation of this topic is relevant in light of the significant increase in the frequency and scale of cyber-attacks that affect various industries and organisations. The purpose of this study is to analyse existing data protection methods at the Front-end, which are able to effectively protect the confidentiality of user data in the face of modern cyber threats. Among the methods used, the analytical method, synthesis, classification, statistical and other methods should be noted. The study identified serious risks associated with storing confidential data on the client side. In particular, the use of cookies and local storage turned out to be vulnerable points that pose potential threats to data security. An analysis of existing web applications revealed the presence of cross-site scripting (XSS) vulnerabilities, which became a route for the introduction of malicious scripts. It was revealed that the generation and use of unique cross-site request forgery (CSRF) tokens for each request play a key role in preventing cross-site request forgery. The implementation of Governance as Code (GaC) technology has demonstrated potential for automating compliance with established architectural and security standards, thereby reinforcing front-end defenses against cyber threats. The findings emphasise the importance of educating end users on the basic principles of network security. The study highlights the importance of developers’ active involvement in Front-end security. Thus, a comprehensive overview of the Front-end security architecture with a focus on protecting user data and ensuring privacy is provided. The practical significance of the study lies in the provision of specific recommendations and practical solutions to improve Front-end security in web applications and represents a valuable set of tools and approaches that can be applied by developers and engineers to strengthen the security of web applications. The addition of Governance as Code technology introduces an innovative layer of automated security enforcement that is particularly suited to addressing emerging cybersecurity challenges in real-time.
ANALYSIS OF ORGANIZING THE DELIVERY OF HUMANITARIAN AID IN CRISIS SITUATIONS
Authors: Нестеренко Г. І. , Музикін М. І. , Бібік С. І. , Стрелко О. Г. , Алексєєва А. О.
Published: December 2024

The article is devoted to analyzing humanitarian logistics in Ukraine, which has developed significantly since 2014 and increased, in particular, during the full-scale invasion of 2022. Humanitarian logistics have become critical to supporting both the military and civilians affected by the conflict. The authors research the impact of various aspects of humanitarian aid, including economic factors such as reduced exports and a drop in the gross domestic product (GDP), on the volume and efficiency of humanitarian aid delivery. In particular, the impact of the closure of large metallurgical enterprises on the country’s economy is analyzed. The activities of such charitable organizations as “Come Back Alive” and “Volunteering and Help Center” were reviewed, which carry out mass transportation of humanitarian goods and provide support to both military and civilian persons. These organizations play a key role in providing the population with necessary resources, such as medicine, food, hygiene products, clothing, etc. They also actively collaborate with international partners and volunteer groups to coordinate aid and improve logistics processes. Data on the amount of support provided by category (hygiene, medicine, food, etc.) are also considered. The article provides an analysis of the logistics routes used for the delivery of goods, taking into account various factors such as the safety of the routes, the efficiency of the transportation process, and the speed of delivery. The importance of flexibility and adaptability of logistics systems in the conditions of continued martial law is highlighted. The research emphasizes the importance of cluster analysis and clustering methodologies for effective decision-making in the field of humanitarian logistics. The article also includes references to legislative acts and portals that regulate and support humanitarian aid in Ukraine. These resources provide a legal basis for the activities of charities and provide important information for donors and volunteers. They contribute to the transparency and accountability of the aid delivery process, which is critical for maintaining trust on the part of the international community and the population of Ukraine.
HOSTELLING AT GLOBAL AND NATIONAL LEVELS
Authors: Горожанкіна Н. А. , Корнєєв М. В. , Горб К. М. , Третьяк Є. С.
Published: December 2024

The current state of the global hostel market is characterized. It has been established that the global hostel market reached USD 4.1 billion in 2022. The leader in the hostel market is the Asia–Pacific region, which is experiencing active recovery in international tourism following the COVID–19 pandemic. The European region ranks second, followed by the Americas. It has been determined that the largest share of hostel guests consists of individuals aged 25 to 34. The TOP–5 hostel networks in the world as of 2022 were: a&o Hostels, Zostel, Meininger, St Christopher’s Inns, and Nomads World. The current state of hostelling in Ukraine is analyzed. It has been established that at the present stage, under the conditions of Russian aggression in Ukraine, official statistics do not reflect the actual number of hostel establishments. The review of the hostel base was conducted based on online booking websites. Hotelmix offers guests hostels in 20 cities of Ukraine, totaling 272 hostels. The largest number of hostels is located in Kyiv (39.3% of the total number of available hostels), followed by Lviv (20%) and Odesa in third place (7.4%). Booking.com offers guests 275 hostels in various regions of Ukraine. It was found that not all hostels are listed on official online booking platforms. A SWOT–analysis of hostel businesses was conducted. Positive changes in the hostel market require joint actions from government bodies and hostel operators. Combined efforts from both sides will ensure measures at the national level to improve hostel operations and advance the hostel industry to a new stage of development, while simultaneously preventing the influence of negative factors arising from the weaknesses in hostel operations (lack of service quality standards, the mass emergence of economy–class hotels in the market, insufficient information on hostel services, lack of legislative regulation for hostel operations) and threats (oversaturation of the market with hostel services, travelers' changing preferences toward more comfortable accommodations, the growth of the 2–3 star hotel segment, which offers an alternative to hostels, lack of government support, and a decrease in investment flows).
ANALYSIS OF COMPETITIVENESS OF ENTERPRISES IN THE RESTAURANT SERVICES MARKET
Authors: Юдіна О. І. , Небаба Н. О. , Сабіров О. В. , Сайгак Є. Л. , Алтунін К. О.
Published: December 2024

The article conducts a comparative analysis and evaluation of the market positions of restaurant enterprises to identify key areas for their development and ways to increase their competitiveness in the food service market. The main goal of this article is to analyze the competitiveness and assess the development potential of restaurant enterprises in the Dnipropetrovsk region, justifying ways to improve their market positions. The study analyzes the current restaurant services market and identifies key development directions, including the growth of demand for healthy food, technological progress, the development of gastronomic tourism, social media, and information technologies. A comparative graph-analytical method for determining competitiveness and ranking restaurant enterprises is formulated, consisting of operations such as forming criteria parameters and establishing their weights, selecting competitors, determining ranking characteristics, calculating competitiveness indicators and overall enterprise ranking, identifying leaders and outsiders, building a competitiveness matrix and zone, and determining the radius of the leaders' circle. Based on the results of the graph-analytical analysis, the indicators for evaluating the potential of the studied enterprises in the restaurant services market of the Dnipropetrovsk region were calculated according to defined criteria parameters, as well as their level of competitiveness. Using the obtained indicators, a matrix and a graph of the competitive positions of the establishments were built. By determining the placement range of each food enterprise in the competitive field zone, their positions were characterized as follows: the "Silver" restaurant is in the zone of untapped potential; the "Magnum" restaurant is closest to the leader in the attack waiting zone; the "Oasis" restaurant is in the leaders' zone, and the "Kvitan" restaurant is in the outsiders' zone. Based on the evaluation results of the "Kvitan" enterprise, proposals for improving its activities and strengthening its competitive positions were formulated, including: improving the atmosphere, increasing comfort and service quality, enhancing staff qualifications, and greening the restaurant's territory.
НЕЧІТКА СИСТЕМА АНАЛІЗУ БІЗНЕС ПРАВИЛ ПРЕДМЕТНОЇ ОБЛАСТІ ПІД ЧАС СТВОРЕННЯ БАЗИ ДАНИХ
Authors: Фірсов О. Д. , Маріщук А. В.
Published: December 2024

Об’єктом дослідження є процес розробки нечіткої системи для аналізу бізнес-правил при проектуванні баз даних, зокрема використання нечіткої логіки для обробки неповних і невизначених даних у сучасних бізнес-процесах. Метою роботи є розробка нечіткої системи для аналізу бізнес-правил предметної області під час проектування бази даних; розробка відповідного програмного забезпечення засобами мови програмування C#, з використанням баз даних SQL для забезпечення адаптивності та гнучкості системи при роботі з нечіткими даними. Представлено результати аналізу вітчизняної та зарубіжної літератури щодо використання нечіткої логіки в проектуванні баз даних, а також існуючих методів обробки нечітких та неповних даних у бізнес-системах. Огляд включає порівняння різних підходів до застосування нечітких систем у контексті управління даними та проектування баз даних. Розроблено модель нечіткої системи для аналізу та обробки бізнес-правил, встановлено методи інтеграції нечіткої логіки в процес проектування бази даних, представлено результати тестування системи на реальних бізнес-сценаріях для оцінки її ефективності у порівнянні з традиційними підходами. Наведено результати розробки програмного забезпечення засобами мови програмування С#, яке дозволяє здійснювати автоматизацію процесу аналізу бізнес-правил та проектування бази даних із врахуванням нечітких і неповних даних, що підвищує адаптивність та точність системи. В результаті обчислень отримано значення, які можуть бути представлені у вигляді графічних результатів або конкретних числових показників, що вказують на відповідність заданим критеріям чи параметрам. Аналіз результатів здійснюється на основі порівняння отриманих значень з заздалегідь визначеними межами та бізнес-правилами. Це дозволяє виявити аномалії або відхилення від очікуваних значень, а також визначити, наскільки ефективно працює система для кожної конкретної ситуації. Зокрема, для кожної отриманої результатної множини здійснюється перевірка її валідності та точності. Це може включати: оцінку ступеня належності елементів до заданої категорії, визначення найбільш значущих факторів, що впливають на результат, порівняння отриманих результатів з попередніми чи контрольними даними для виявлення змін чи трендів.
LIST AND RATIONALE FOR CREATING A PROGRAM OF NEW EDUCATINAL AREAS WITH USING ARTIFICAL INTELLIGENCE
Authors:   Lviv Polytechnic National University, Bublyk Lilia , Roik Oksana ,   Lviv Polytechnic National University
Published: December 2024

The rapid development of artificial intelligence (AI) and its penetration into all spheres of life necessitates a
rethinking of approaches to education and training of specialists capable of effectively utilizing and advancing
these technologies. The creation of new educational programs focused on AI is becoming a necessity to ensure the
country's competitiveness and its successful integration into the global innovation space. The article presents a list
of promising educational directions utilizing AI, such as: development and implementation of artificial intelligence
systems. This direction involves training specialists with in-depth knowledge in the field of machine learning,
deep learning, computer vision, natural language processing, and other key AI technologies. Also important is data
analysis and artificial intelligence, focused on training specialists capable of using AI methods to analyze large
datasets, identify patterns, make predictions, and support decision-making. The development of AI is one of the
priority areas of innovation development in many countries.
المتغيرات الفيزيائية للمياه والهواء في البصرة ، جنوب العراق
Authors: عبد الله أ. صادق سالم , لفته علي عبد الرضا
Published: December 2024

يعد نهر شط العرب من الأنهار الحيوية في جنوب العراق كونه مصدرا مهما في مصدر المياه العذبة للبصرة، شط العرب هو نهر مدي ونوع المد من النوع المختلط السائد النصف اليومي، تختلف الخصائص الفيزيائية للمياه والهواء وفقا للموقع الجغرافي في أي موقع من النهر، حيث بينت النتائج بوجود اختلاف في قيم هذه الخصائص في الجزء الشمالي للنهر ما عليه في الجزء الاوسط منه، الرياح الشمالية الغربية هي السائدة في منطقة الدراسة وتليها الرياح الجنوبية الشرقية، تصل أعلى قيمة للرياح 26.1 كم/ساعة وهذه القيمة تسبب توليد امراج في شط العرب وكذلك تعمل على ذوبان الاوكسجين في المياه النهر . تشير قيم درجات الحرارة في منطقة الدراسات بأنها مرتفعة جدا ومنها المتطرفة والتي تجاوزت الخمسين درجة مئوية ،  حيث تعد عاملا سلبيا في فقدان كميات من مياه النهر بسبب التبخر . وفقا لتغيرات الملوحة في المحطتين يمكن اعتبار محطة القرنة محطة نهرية عذبة المياه بينما محطة العشار يمكن اعتبارها في كثير من الفترات جزء من رأس مصب شط العرب ، تأثير ظاهرة المد والجزر كان اكثر وضوحا في محطة العشار عما عليه في محطة القرنة .
النظرية التوليدية التحويلية عند تشومسكي
Authors: مقدادي أ.م.د حنان محمد خلف
Published: December 2024

يهدف هذا البحث إلى دراسة نظرية من النظريات اللسانية الحديثة والتي ما زال أثرها واضحًا إلى اليوم في دراسات، وأبحاث علماء اللغة المعاصرين، حتى قيل أن أي نظرية لغوية لا يمكن أن تتجاهل "نظرية تشومسكي" بل إن مكانة أي نظرية لغوية، وإنجازها في حقل الدراسات اللغوية المعاصرة يتحدد بمدى صلتها "بالنظرية التوليدية التحويلية "، ولا يفوتنا أن هذه النظرية تضم ثلاثة أمور هي: أولا: لا يمكن أن نفهمها بغير تطورها من خلال فهم مراحلها، وهي سبعة مراحل استقرت في المرحلة الأخيرة. ثانيًا: يستحيل فهمها بغير تطبيقها من خلال استخدام مخطط الشجرة لهذا الغرض. ثالثًا: أنها انتهت بغير ما بدأت به عندما فصل الدلالة عن النحو، ولهذا أرتايت أن أدرسها، وأن ألقي الضوء على هذه النظرية من خلال الحديث:

نبذة تاريخية عن تشومسكي

أهم المبادئ التي قامت عليها النظرية .

المفاهيم الأساسية التي تقوم عليها النظرية .

تشومسكي وجهوده النحوية .

مرحلة البنى التركيبية (المرحلة الأولى).
صوت الأنثى في فضاء تويت قراءة في تغريدات هدى الزهراني الشعرية
Authors: الدريس هدى بنت عبد الرحمن
Published: December 2024

عنوان هذا البحث: (صوت الأنثى في فضاء تويتر، قراءة في تغريدات هدى الزهراني الشعرية). قامت فيه الباحثة باستقراء تغريدات هدى الزهراني، في حسابها على تويتر
(haZ4461@)، في ثلاثة محاور هي:
١- مدخل عن الأدب النسوي.
٢- الشعر والرؤية.
٣- الذات بين ثوابت الهوية والعولمة.
٤- الذات والآخر:
أ- الرّجل - الأب.
ب- الرّجل - شيطان الشعر.
ويكمن الهدف من هذا الاستقراء في:
١- إثبات أن صوت هدى الزهراني في تغريداتها الشعرية، يجسد ذاتها وخصوصيتها الأنثوية.
٢- الدخول إلى عوالم هدى الزهراني الشعرية، عبر تغريداتها، والكشف عن رؤيتها.
٣- إثبات أن الأنثى الشاعرة، قادرة على التفاعل الإيجابي مع الفضاء الرقمي، مع المحافظة على هويتها ضد تيّار العولمة.
موضوعات التحقيق الصحفي في الصحافة العراقية دراسة تحليلية في جريدة المدى
Authors: م.م احمد عباس كاظم الشطري
Published: December 2024

يحظى فن التحقيق الصحفي في مكانه مميزة في الصحافة، اذ يعد من اهم واصعب الفنون الصحفية، وتكمن أهميته لقدرته على عرض وشرح وتفسير مختلف القضايا والمشاكل المجتمعية مدعومة بالحقائق والشواهد والإحصاءات , ولما كان التحقيق الصحفي يتناول في موضوعاته الظواهر و الجوانب السلبية وتقويمها في المجتمع فانه يعمل على وقايته من الانحراف فضلا على ذلك فالتحقيق الصحفي يعمل على نشر المعارف والمعلومات في
مختلف المواضيع مما له ابلغ الأثر في تثقيف وتوجيه افراد المجتمع . والمعروف ان التحقيق الصحفي يجمع بين عدد من الفنون التحريرية كالخبر و الراي والحديث لذا فصعوبته كما يشير الباحثون في الاعلام تتطلب مقدرة وكفاءة عالية من المحرر او المحقق الذي يكتبه اذ لابد ان يتسم بعدد من الصفات والمهارات التي تؤهله للعمل في قسم التحقيقات الصحفية في الجريدة التي يعمل بها . ومن هذا المنطلق حاول الباحث القاءالضوء على هذا الفن الصحفي في الصحافة العراقية من خلال تحليل موضوعات التحقيق الصحفي في جريدة المدى والتعرف على اهم المواضيع والقضايا و المشاكل التي ركزت عليها الجريدة ضمن مدة البحث
عهد التسامح الديني في انكلترا 1553-1554 - الملكة ماري انموذجاً
Authors: الزهيري م.م. ناصر ثجيل منصور حسين
Published: December 2024

تضمن البحث نبذهَّ مختصرة عن حركة الإصلاح الديني في إنكلترا وعهد التسامح فيها, إذ شهدت إنكلترا في القرن السادس عشر,  وفي عهدي الملكين هنري الثامن وادوارد السادس حركة إصلاح ديني , وتحول الدين الرسمي فيها من المذهب الكاثوليكي إلى المذهب البروتستانتي ورافقت تلك الإصلاحات  اجراءاتً منها إلغاء مراسيم الكاثوليك , واعتقال رجال الدين وسجنهم ونفيهم خارج إنكلترا كذلك إعدام المتشددين منهم وتغير إبرز تعاليم المذهب الكاثوليكي في الكنائس وإصدار كتاب جديد أصبح بموجبة المذهب البروتستانتي المذهب الرئيسي لإنكلترا  , وقد لاقت تلك الإصلاحات حركة مقاومة من الكاثوليك الذين تزعمتهم الأميرة ماري الاولى ولي عهد انكلترا  , كذلك تضمن البحث عهد التسامح الديني في بداية عهد الملكة ماري وأهم الخطوات التي اتبعتها في تنفيذ سياستها , إذ كان من المتوقع بسبب عقيدتها الكاثوليكية أن تبدأ عهدها باضطهاد البروتستانت وقمعهم لكنها أظهرت خلاف ذلك , واتبعت سياسة التسامح الديني التي تمثلت في إعادة البابا رئيساً للكنيسة الإنكليزية والإعفاء عن البروتستانت والحفاظ على مناصبهم السابقة مقابل تخليهم وارتدادهم عن المذهب البروتستانتي والعدوة للكاثوليكية , فضلاً عن ذلك  سمحت للمتمسكين بالبروتستانتية مغادرة إنكلترا مع ممتلكاتهم , وأعدت برنامج لتثقيف الكاثوليك لجعلهم قادرين على العمل لمواجهة البروتستانت وإعادة الكاثوليكية لإنكلترا بدل اتباع سياسة القمع لتحقيق ذلك .
Tendenze vecchie e nuove dell'intervento pubblico nell'economia, ovvero il Piano nazionale di ripresa e resilienza come parentesi*
Authors: Benvenuti Marco
Published: December 2024

L'articolo, dopo avere riproposto in chiave storica le evoluzioni dell'intervento pubblico nell'economia a partire dal New Deal, si sofferma sugli elementi che caratterizzano il disegno costituzionale di programmazione economica. Successivamente, il lavoro passa ad affrontare la principale misura di intervento pubblico nell'economia del momento attuale – segnatamente, il Piano nazionale di ripresa e resilienza – per concludere che esso rappresenta uno strumento di intervento indiretto dello Stato nell'attività economica privata. In parallelo, lo scritto si sofferma sui perduranti strumenti di intervento diretto dello Stato nell'attività economica pubblica, che corrono paralleli al PNRR e portano a ritenere che quest'ultimo sia destinato a rappresentare una mera parentesi nei rapporti tra lo Stato e l'economia in Itali
Clases de equivalencia e insensibilidad a las contingencias:Secuencia de aprendizaje por instrucciones y por contingencias
Authors:   Laboratorio de Biología del Comportamiento, Arismendi Mariana ,   Universidad de Buenos Aires, Yorio Alberto ,   Laboratorio de Biología del Comportamiento,   Universidad de Buenos Aires
Published: December 2024

La insensibilidad a las contingencias se refiere al fenómeno por el que la conducta no contacta con las con-tingencias ambientales al estar controlada por instrucciones. Para evaluar el impacto de esta insensibilidad en la formación de clases de equivalencia de estímulos (CEE), 60 participantes realizaron una tarea de igualación de la muestra para formar dos CEE de tres miembros cada una. Mediante un diseño intragrupo, las relaciones de base se entrenaron mediante dos procedimientos, contingencias e instrucciones. Algunas relaciones fueron revertidas al cambiar de procedimiento, contrabalanceando el orden de ambos, para luego evaluar preferencia en la formación de CEE. Los participantes entrenados primero por instrucciones y luego por contingencias (grupo I-C) evidenciaron mayor insensibilidad a la reversión que los entrenados con la secuencia inversa (grupo C-I). Aquellos participantes que aprendieron tanto las relaciones entrenadas por contingencias como por instrucciones no mostraron preferencia para formar CEE según lo esperable por uno u otro de estos procedimientos. Sin embargo, se constató un efecto del orden de entrenamiento en aque-llos que sólo aprendieron las relaciones entrenadas por instrucciones. Los del grupo I-C mostraron mayor dificultad para formar CEE, considerándose que la reversión alteró el aprendizaje de las relaciones de base inicialmente logrado.
Produção de variabilidade comportamentale sua extensão em crianças com autismo
Authors:   Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São Paulo, Fialho Juliana Palma de Godoi , Micheletto Nilza ,   Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São Paulo, Sélios Talita Lopes ,   Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São Paulo
Published: December 2024

Objetivou-se verificar se reforçar a variabilidade de respostas motoras de crianças autistas, aumentando gradualmente a exigência, eleva níveis de variação e testar sua extensão para outras tarefas. Objetivou-se, ainda, verificar se a variabilidade do responder é maior para os participantes expostos ao ensino do variar do que para um participante exposto a reforçamento intermitente. As crianças deveriam pressionar a tecla direita ou esquerda ou, dependendo do jogo, clicar ou tocar dois quadrados na tela do computador, comple-tando sequências de quatro respostas. Para quatro crianças, após a linha de base, reforçou-se o variar em uma tarefa, aumentando gradualmente a exigência de variabilidade. Para uma criança, houve a mesma distri-buição de reforços de outro participante sem exigência de variabilidade. Em seguida, testou-se a extensão da variabilidade adquirida para outras tarefas topograficamente semelhante e diferente da experimental. Todos os participantes apresentaram responder repetitivo na linha de base. F, L, J e W aumentaram a variabilidade na tarefa em que houve reforçamento do variar e demonstraram extensão da variabilidade para a tarefa to-pograficamente semelhante. O responder de G se manteve repetitivo durante o experimento. Demonstrou-se que é possível aumentar a variação de respostas de crianças autistas com o procedimento de ensino utilizado.
“Disposed to Daring Innovation”: New Modernism, New Woman Fiction, and New Motherhood
Authors: Podnieks Elizabeth
Published: December 2024

This chapter examines representations of mothering in New Woman fiction through a new modernist lens. Reflective of how the New Woman was an iconic rebellious figure of late Victorianism, New Woman writers upended convention, presenting protagonists like the career-driven, single, or unhappily married mother who challenge and critique ideologies of patriarchal motherhood. Drawing on scholars like Ann Ardis and others who profess that New Woman stories are central, not marginal as traditionally held, to the genesis of modernist prose, this chapter argues that Ezra Pound’s edict in the 1920s to “make it new” was already heralded in nineteenth-century New Woman texts where motherhood itself was becoming “new”. This chapter elucidates these claims through two novels: The Daughters of Danaus (1894) by Scottish writer Mona Caird and The Home-Maker (1924) by American Dorothy Canfield, focusing on the exilic mother who flees imprisoning wifehood, domesticity, and maternity. In so doing, it theorizes motherhood as a newly vital thematic within new modernist studies and brings texts from the fin de siècle and early-to-mid-twentieth-century into dialogue with one another.
Intraspecific variation and detectability of iridescence in the dorsal coloration of a wall lizard
Authors: de la Cruz Gutiérrez Ferrán , Abalos Javier , Pérez i de Lanuza Guillem , Font Enrique
Published: December 2024

Iridescence refers to the optical property of surfaces for which reflected wavelengths depend on viewing geometry. Although iridescence underlies some of the most striking animal colours, the sensory stimulation elicited by iridescent spectral shifts in relevant observers has seldom been explored. Wall lizards often show substantial intraspecific colour variation, which may influence the detectability of iridescence by varying the range of affected wavelengths. Here, we set out to study Podarcis liolepis dorsal coloration in two localities selected for their colour differences: the València Botanical Garden (EB), and La Murta Natural Park (LM). To determine the presence of angle-dependent reflectance, we measured dorsal coloration at three different configurations (0º, 60º, and 90º angles between incident light and observer location) in 87 lizards of either sex and used visual modelling to determine their detectability when viewed by conspecifics, raptors, and humans. Our results show that P. liolepis dorsal coloration varies chromatically with sex and locality, and also shows iridescence (i.e. reflectance peaks at shorter wavelengths with increasing viewing angle). Lizards from EB are brown dorsally, whereas most lizards from LM, especially males, show a green dorsal background coloration, reflectance peaking at shorter wavelengths in lizards from LM compared to lizards from EB. Angle-dependent shifts in peak location are similar across localities and sexes, yet increased overlap between the involved waveband and receiver cone sensitivities results in larger chromatic distance in lizards from LM (compared to EB) for every observer considered. In addition, P. liolepis dorsal iridescence may be more apparent to humans and raptors than to the lizards themselves. Our findings suggest that intraspecific colour variation may affect the detectability of iridescence consistently across observers, emphasizing the importance of using objective colour quantification and visual modelling methods when studying the ecological consequences of iridescence in nature.
From Vegetation to Vulnerability: Integrating Remote Sensing and AI to Combat Cheatgrass-Induced Wildfire Hazards in California
Authors: Angondalli Nagaraja Srikantnag , Kereszy Istvan , Zhao Chang , Bartos Imre
Published: December 2024

Wildfire risk is on the rise around the world. In places like California, this risk is further instigated by the invasive species cheatgrass (Bromus tectorum). Cheatgrass is highly flammable and benefits from wildfires, allowing it to replace native plant communities. Through increasing both the intensity and the frequency of wildfires, it endangers not only its natural environment but also human habitats. Here, we present a novel approach to map the distribution and expansion of cheatgrass and predict potential wildfire risk zones. Utilizing the open-source CalFlora dataset, alongside data from the Sentinel–2 satellites, we created a comprehensive spatial analysis framework. We integrated temporal dynamics via Vegetation Index statistical bands that encapsulate annual vegetation information. We employed semi-supervised learning techniques to refine and filter our data labels, thereby ensuring robust model training. We utilized machine learning algorithms Random Forest and XGBoost for model training. Our models exhibited a test accuracy of 91.1% in multiclass classification and achieved a precision rate of 91% specifically for the Cheatgrass class. Our multiclass classification model demonstrates exceptional discriminative ability and agreement with the actual classifications, with an ROC-AUC Score of 0.99 indicating near-perfect performance in distinguishing between the different classes, and a Cohen’s Kappa of 0.89 signifying a strong agreement, accounting for chance. We demonstrate the efficacy of our methodology in identifying regions at high risk of wildfires due to Cheatgrass proliferation, highlighting the potential for broader application across California’s diverse landscapes. Our analysis effectively predicts the distribution of Cheatgrass and other vegetation with data available only until June, providing insight before the peak forest fire season, which spans from mid-July to September. This capability delivers actionable intelligence for assessing fuel load and connectivity, thus laying the groundwork for targeted wildfire prevention strategies and enhanced ecological management practices in fire-prone areas.