bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Study for Efficient Methods of System Calibration between Optical and Range Sensors
Authors: Choi W. , Kim C. , Kim Y.
Published: June 2015

Abstract. Recently, interests in 3D indoor modeling and positioning have been growing. Data fusion by using different sensors data is one of the 3D model producing methods. For a data fusion between two kinds of sensors, precise system calibration is essential. If relative geometric location of each sensor can be accurately measured with a system-calibration, it is possible to locate a pixel that corresponds to the same object in two different images, and thus, produce a more precise data-fusion. Purpose of this study is finding more efficient method of system calibration between optical and range sensor. For this purpose, experiment was designed by considering following variables, i) system calibration method, ii) testbed type, iii) and distance data(whether use it or not). So, In this study, test-bed for system calibration was designed by considering the characteristics of sensors. Also, precise simulation was done to find efficient method of system calibration, and its results were reflected in real experiment. Results of simulation show that the bundle adjustment method is more efficient than single photo resection in system calibration between range and optical sensors. And the most efficient case was when using i) the bundle adjustment with ii) the simulated data set which were obtained between 2m to 4m away from the test-bed. These results of simulation were reflected in real system calibration. Finally, real system calibration were performed and its results were compared to results of simulation. And accuracy of system calibration was evaluated by producing fusion data between range and optical sensors.
Segmentation-Based Ground Points Detection from Mobile Laser Scanning Point Cloud
Authors: Lin X. , Zhang J.
Published: June 2015

Abstract. In most Mobile Laser Scanning (MLS) applications, filtering is a necessary step. In this paper, a segmentation-based filtering method is proposed for MLS point cloud, where a segment rather than an individual point is the basic processing unit. Particularly, the MLS point cloud in some blocks are clustered into segments by a surface growing algorithm, then the object segments are detected and removed. A segment-based filtering method is employed to detect the ground segments. Two MLS point cloud datasets are used to evaluate the proposed method. Experiments indicate that, compared with the classic progressive TIN (Triangulated Irregular Network) densification algorithm, the proposed method is capable of reducing the omission error, the commission error and total error by 3.62%, 7.87% and 5.54% on average, respectively.
Effect of soil property uncertainties on permafrost thaw projections: a calibration-constrained analysis
Authors: Harp D. R. , Atchley A. L. , Painter S. L. , Coon E. T. , Wilson C. J. , Romanovsky V. E. , Rowland J. C.
Published: June 2015

Abstract. The effect of soil property uncertainties on permafrost thaw projections are studied using a three-phase subsurface thermal hydrology model and calibration-constrained uncertainty analysis. The Null-Space Monte Carlo method is used to identify soil hydrothermal parameter combinations that are consistent with borehole temperature measurements at the study site, the Barrow Environmental Observatory. Each parameter combination is then used in a forward projection of permafrost conditions for the 21st century (from calendar year 2006 to 2100) using atmospheric forcings from the Community Earth System Model (CESM) in the Representative Concentration Pathway (RCP) 8.5 greenhouse gas concentration trajectory. A 100-year projection allows for the evaluation of intra-annual uncertainty due to soil properties and the inter-annual variability due to year to year differences in CESM climate forcings. After calibrating to borehole temperature data at this well-characterized site, soil property uncertainties are still significant and result in significant intra-annual uncertainties in projected active layer thickness and annual thaw depth-duration even with a specified future climate. Intra-annual uncertainties in projected soil moisture content and Stefan number are small. A volume and time integrated Stefan number decreases significantly in the future climate, indicating that latent heat of phase change becomes more important than heat conduction in future climates. Out of 10 soil parameters, ALT, annual thaw depth-duration, and Stefan number are highly dependent on mineral soil porosity, while annual mean liquid saturation of the active layer is highly dependent on the mineral soil residual saturation and moderately dependent on peat residual saturation. By comparing the ensemble statistics to the spread of projected permafrost metrics using different climate models, we show that the effect of calibration-constrained uncertainty in soil properties, although significant, is less than that produced by structural climate model uncertainty for this location.
Las cosas están vivas: Relaciones entre cultura material, comunidades y legislación arqueológica
Authors: Menezes Lucio
Published: June 2015

Este artículo analiza las relaciones entre legislación arqueológica, cultura material y comunidades. Presenta un panorama histórico de las legislaciones sobre patrimonio cultural en el Occidente y sus usos contemporáneos. Posteriormente, discute la manera en que prácticas arqueológicas alternativas, como la Arqueología comunitaria, examinan dicho problema. Esta discusión general, que será hecha en la última parte del artículo, es muy relevante actualmente, especialmente en Brasil, país que se encuentra abrumado por la Arqueología empresarial.
El Neolítico de la cueva del Niño (Aýna, Albacete) en el contexto de la Sierra del Segura
Authors: García Moreno Alejandro , Cubas Miriam , Marín-Arroyo Ana Belén , Ríos Garaizar Joseba , Ortiz José Eugenio , De Torres Trinidad , López Dóriga Inés , Díaz Ana Polo , San Emeterio Gómez Aixa , Garate Maidagan Diego
Published: June 2015

Desde su excavación en el verano de 1973, la Cueva del Niño ha sido considerada un yacimiento de gran importancia para conocer el proceso de introducción de la economía de producción o de la tecnología cerámica en el sureste de la Península Ibérica, y especialmente para establecer cómo dicho proceso pudo haber afectado a las poblaciones ya asentadas en la región de la Sierra del Segura. Sin embargo, la información proporcionada por la Cueva del Niño resultaba muy fragmentaria, debido a la falta de un estudio de conjunto de las ocupaciones neolíticas del yacimiento. En este artículo, se presenta el análisis de las producciones cerámicas, la industria lítica y los restos de fauna, así como las dataciones existentes para los niveles holocenos del depósito. La revisión de las diversas evidencias proporcionadas por el yacimiento permite plantear que la Cueva del Niño habría actuado probablemente como una estación para el pastoreo y la caza, sirviendo como satélite de otros yacimientos de mayor entidad. No obstante, las limitaciones impuestas por el hecho de tratarse de una excavación efectuada hace cuarenta años impide aportar aspectos concluyentes sobre la dinámica del proceso de introducción del Neolítico en la Sierra del Segura.
La cerámica del yacimiento arqueológico de Castillejo del Bonete (Terrinches, Ciudad Real). Estudio morfológico y tecnólogico
Authors: Fernández Martín Sergio , De Lugo Enrich Luis Benítez , Palomares Zumajo Norberto
Published: June 2015

El presente trabajo incluye el estudio de un amplio conjunto cerámico perteneciente al yacimiento arqueológico de la Edad del Cobre y Edad del Bronce de Castillejo del Bonete. La muestra fue recuperada de distintas áreas del asentamiento durante la campaña de excavación de 2012. La investigación ha tenido como fin conocer mejor la relación forma-función de las vasijas, su proceso de fabricación, así como el modelo productivo y las posibles manifestaciones simbólicas presentes en el repertorio analizado. La metodología utilizada para cumplir con los objetivos se ha basado en la recopilación de datos, considerando una serie de variables morfológicas y tecnológicas, y su procesamiento con el empleo de técnicas estadísticas sencillas.
Fronteras en construcción: Diferenciación social y desterritorialización en el Sur ibérico (siglos IX-VI a.C.)
Authors: Marín-Aguilera Beatriz
Published: June 2015

Durante las tres últimas décadas, numerosos/as arqueólogos/as han discutido extensamente sobre el ritual funerario original de las poblaciones del sur ibérico entre los siglos ix y vi a.c., esto es, cremación o inhumación. Este debate está además conectado con la existencia o no de complejidad social antes de la llegada fenicia, con la aparición de una élite “orientalizada” y con la adopción de nuevos objetos y prácticas por las poblaciones locales. En este artículo hago uso del concepto deleuziano de “desterritorialización” y lo asocio con el de “frontera” desarrollado por anzaldúa para interpretar la sociedad del sur ibérico. Para ello, analizo la evidencia funeraria indígena y cuestiono la división estricta entre cremación e inhumación en la región; así como examino la profundidad y significado de los cambios funerarios en las comunidades locales.
Foreign Direct Investment and Economic Growth in Cote D’Ivoire: A Time Series Analysis
Authors: Johnston Kyle A. , Ramirez Miguel D.
Published: June 2015

This paper investigates the impact of foreign direct investment (FDI) inflows on economic growth in Cote D’Ivoire during the 1975-2011 period. The selection of this African nation is motivated by the rapid inflows it has experienced over the past decade. Using unit root and cointegration analysis, the resulting error correction model (ECM) suggests that gross fixed capital formation (GFCF) has a short-run positive impact on economic growth, while FDI, the repatriation of net income abroad, and periods involving structural breaks, have a negative effect on economic growth in Cote D’Ivoire. In addition, the negative error correction term indicates that deviations from long-run per capita growth during the current year are corrected relatively quickly in the following year, ceteris paribus. The unexpected negative effect of FDI on economic growth may be due to the significant repatriation of profits and dividends the country has experienced in recent years. 
Doctoral Students’ Perceived Barriers that Slow the Progress toward Completing a Doctoral Dissertation: A Mixed Analysis
Authors: Hwang Eunjin , Smith Rachel N. , Byers Valerie Tharp , Dickerson Shirley , McAlister-Shields Leah , Onwuegbuzie Anthony J. , Benge Cindy
Published: June 2015

The non-completion of doctoral degrees has been a concern due to its economic, social, and personal consequences. In the current study, the researchers investigated perceived barriers of select doctoral students in completing their doctoral degrees by utilizing a fully mixed sequential mixed research design. The quantitative and qualitative data were concurrently collected using identical samples (n = 205) via a Reading Interest Survey questionnaire. A sequential mixed analysis revealed 6 emergent themes: external obligations (36%), challenges to doctoral-level researchers (34%), practical/logistical constraints (23%), emotional concerns (15%), program structure (9%), and support for completion (8%). Also, 3 meta-themes were identified (i.e., dissociation, external/internal barriers, and institutional/personal barriers), which aided in explaining the relationships among the 6 primary themes. Implications of the findings are discussed.
A MIXED BOOLEAN AND DEPOSIT MODEL FOR THE MODELING OF METAL PIGMENTS IN PAINT LAYERS
Authors: Couka Enguerrand , Willot François , Jeulin Dominique
Published: June 2015

Pigments made of metal particles of around 10 µm or 20 µm produce sparkling effects in paints, due to the specular reflection that occurs at this scale. Overall, the optical aspect of paints depend on the density and distribution in space of the particles. In this work, we model the dispersion of metal particles of size up to 50 µm, visible to the eyes, in a paint layer. Making use of optical and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images, we estimate the dispersion of particles in terms of correlation functions. Particles tend to aggregate into clusters, as shown by the presence of oscillations in the correlation functions. Furthermore, the volume fraction of particles is non-uniform in space. It is highest in the middle of the layer and lowest near the surfaces of the layer. To model this microstructure, we explore two models. The first one is a deposit model where particles fall onto a surface. It is unable to reproduce the observed measurements. We then introduce a "stack" model where clusters are first modeled by a 2D Poisson point process, and a bi-directional deposit model is used to implant particles in each cluster. Good agreement is found with respect to SEM images in terms of correlation functions and density of particles along the layer height.
Application of Quantitative Microbial Risk Assessment at 17 Canadian Water Treatment Facilities
Authors: Tfaily Randa , Papineau Isabelle , Andrews Robert C. , Barbeau Benoit
Published: June 2015

A quantitative microbial risk assessment model developed by Health Canada was applied at 17 water treatment plants (WTPs) located throughout Ontario and Quebec, Canada. Four source water characterization methods were compared that considered Escherichia coli, Giardia, and Cryptosporidium. In addition, three strategies to evaluate chemical disinfection performances were compared (median disinfectant exposure [CT50], regulatory disinfectant exposure [CT10], and continuous‐stirred tank reactors in‐series [N‐CSTR, where N is the number of CSTRs in the series]). The N‐CSTR approach provides more reliable risk estimates because it is less sensitive to high inactivation conditions (when compared with use of CT10 or CT50). Predicted risk estimates for the 17 WTPs revealed that only two did not comply with the 10–6 disability‐adjusted life years (World Health Organization) and 10–4 risk of infection (US Environmental Protection Agency) reference levels because of the poor performance of direct filtration without coagulation. This publically available quantitative microbial risk assessment model could help WTP managers assess overall treatment performance via a systematic evaluation process.
Fluorescence as a Surrogate for the Release of Intracellular Material From Cyanobacteria
Authors: Korak Julie A. , Wert Eric C. , Rosario‐Ortiz Fernando L.
Published: June 2015

Water treatment plants that apply preoxidation before physical cell removal can compromise cyanobacterial cell integrity and cause the release of intracellular organic matter (IOM) containing toxic or odorous metabolites. In this study, fluorescence was evaluated as a surrogate for IOM released from cyanobacterial cells following oxidation with ozone, chlorine, chlorine dioxide, or monochloramine. Oxidation of 200,000 cells/mL of Microcystis aeruginosa led to a significant increase in both the fluorescence index (FI) and the fluorescent dissolved organic matter (FDOM) intensity (excitation wavelength, 370 nm; emission wavelength, 460 nm). FI and FDOM proved impractical for detecting weakly fluorescing IOM released from Oscillatoria sp. and Lyngbya sp., indicating that the viability of fluorescence monitoring is cyanobacteria‐specific. For strongly fluorescing IOM, FI and FDOM can serve as qualitative surrogates for the concomitant release of metabolites. Elevated FI and FDOM were not sensitive to the concentration of microcystin‐LR but can provide an early warning that a utility's source water is at risk for metabolite release and accumulation.
Case Study and Life Cycle Assessment of a Coastal Utility Facing Saltwater Intrusion
Authors: Saetta Daniella , Ishii Stephanie K.L. , Pine William E. , Boyer Treavor H.
Published: June 2015

A case study was conducted on a saltwater intrusion event that affected a coastal water utility in Florida. The conductivity of the groundwater increased from approximately 500 to 4,000 μS/cm. The possible causes of the saltwater intrusion event were explored, and the steps taken by the water utility to manage the saltwater intrusion were documented. To understand the environmental impact of the saltwater intrusion event on drinking water treatment, the life cycle assessment (LCA) method was used, comparing the original water treatment plant with virtual treatment trains that could treat source waters ranging from freshwater to seawater. Specifically, the LCA results showed the change in environmental impacts between chemical‐intensive and electricity‐intensive processes. As such, an LCA toolbox is proposed; with national and international participation, an LCA toolbox could be used by water utilities as part of the decision‐making process when confronting major changes in water quality and treatment.
Time to Shed Some Misconceptions About Coliform Monitoring
Authors: Burlingame Gary A.
Published: June 2015

Coliform monitoring has been around a long time, and some of its traditional techniques that have outlived their usefulness still linger. Guidance on the forthcoming US Environmental Protection Agency's Revised Total Coliform Rule is available, but water utilities can prepare now for impending changes by identifying and dispensing with outdated beliefs and practices.
Ro Helps a Small Utility Improve Water Supply
Authors: Briley David S. , Pierce Maggie H. , Irwin Patrick
Published: June 2015

North Carolina's northeastern Currituck County implemented reverse osmosis at its water treatment plants to provide a reliable barrier against contaminants and maintain a sustainable potable water supply for its community.
UV254 and Streaming Current Monitors can Improve Coagulation Control in Challenging Conditions
Authors: McVicar Monica , Bickerton Ben , Chaulk Mike , Walsh Margaret
Published: June 2015

Heavy rains and spring snowmelt can cause turbidity and natural organic matter spikes in influent source water, curtailing optimal coagulant performance. During periods of rapid decline in source water quality, when conditions outpace time‐consuming jar testing, online process control loops show promise for finding and keeping the right coagulant dose.
How can you Ensure a Water Well Source Operates Correctly?
Authors: Lauer William C.
Published: June 2015

Wells are simple to operate. You just turn them on, and out comes high‐quality water. That's what some people think, but anyone using a well water source knows there's more to it than that. Well supplies can be a great water source. However, operators need to know some things to ensure that situation doesn't change.
Weak kinetic Alfvén waves turbulence during the 14 November 2012 geomagnetic storm: Van Allen Probes observations
Authors: Moya Pablo. S. , Pinto Víctor A. , Viñas Adolfo F. , Sibeck David G. , Kurth William S. , Hospodarsky George B. , Wygant John R.
Published: June 2015

In the dawn sector, L ∼ 5.5 and MLT ∼ 4–7, from 01:30 to 06:00 UT during the 14 November 2012 geomagnetic storm, both Van Allen Probes observed an alternating sequence of locally quiet and disturbed intervals with two strikingly different power fluctuation levels and magnetic field orientations: either small (∼10−2 nT2) total power with strong GSM Bx and weak By or large (∼10 nT2) total power with weak Bx and strong By and Bz components. During both kinds of intervals the fluctuations occur in the vicinity of the local ion gyrofrequencies (0.01–10 Hz) in the spacecraft frame, propagate oblique to the magnetic field, (θ ∼ 60∘), and have magnetic compressibility C=|δB∥|/|δB⊥|∼1, where δB∥ (δB⊥) are the average amplitudes of the fluctuations parallel (perpendicular) to the mean field. Electric field fluctuations are present whenever the magnetic field is disturbed, and large electric field fluctuations follow the same pattern for quiet and disturbed intervals. Magnetic frequency power spectra at both spacecraft correspond to steep power laws ∼f−α with 4 < α < 5 for
 Hz, and 1.1 < α < 1.7 for
2 Hz, spectral profiles that are consistent with weak kinetic Alfvén wave (KAW) turbulence. Electric power is larger than magnetic power for all frequencies above 0.1 Hz, and the ratio increases with increasing frequency. Vlasov linear analysis is consistent with the presence of compressive KAW with
, right‐handed polarization and positive magnetic helicity, in the plasma frame, considering a multiion plasma. All these results suggest the presence of weak KAW turbulence which dissipates the energy associated with the intermittent sudden changes in the magnetic field during the main phase of the storm.
A statistical study of EMIC waves observed by Cluster: 1. Wave properties
Authors: Allen R. C. , Zhang J.‐C. , Kistler L. M. , Spence H. E. , Lin R.‐L. , Klecker B. , Dunlop M. W. , André M. , Jordanova V. K.
Published: June 2015

Electromagnetic ion cyclotron (EMIC) waves are an important mechanism for particle energization and losses inside the magnetosphere. In order to better understand the effects of these waves on particle dynamics, detailed information about the occurrence rate, wave power, ellipticity, normal angle, energy propagation angle distributions, and local plasma parameters are required. Previous statistical studies have used in situ observations to investigate the distribution of these parameters in the magnetic local time versus L‐shell (MLT‐L) frame within a limited magnetic latitude (MLAT) range. In this study, we present a statistical analysis of EMIC wave properties using 10 years (2001–2010) of data from Cluster, totaling 25,431 min of wave activity. Due to the polar orbit of Cluster, we are able to investigate EMIC waves at all MLATs and MLTs. This allows us to further investigate the MLAT dependence of various wave properties inside different MLT sectors and further explore the effects of Shabansky orbits on EMIC wave generation and propagation. The statistical analysis is presented in two papers. This paper focuses on the wave occurrence distribution as well as the distribution of wave properties. The companion paper focuses on local plasma parameters during wave observations as well as wave generation proxies.
The Enhanced Shape Memory Effect and Mechanical Properties in Thermomechanically Processed Semi‐Equiatomic NiTi Shape Memory Alloy
Authors: Shamsolhodaei A. , Zarei‐Hanzaki A. , Abedi H. R.
Published: June 2015

The hot compression tests in a wide range of temperature were employed to produce the semi‐finished products of equiatomic NiTi shape memory alloy holding enhanced mechanical properties. The precise analyses of the compensated flow curves and the microstructures indicated the occurrence of dynamic recovery at lower temperatures and dynamic recrystallization at higher temperature regime. In addition a significant influence on the critical transformation temperatures was also realized. This could affect the martensite plates’ characteristics and the fraction of retained austenite phase. In consequence the room temperature mechanical properties and shape memory response of the alloy were influenced. In an elaborated optimized TMP scheme, the recovery ratio was increased from ≈30% to ≈80%.
Electrospun Collagen Fibers with Spatial Patterning of SDF1α for the Guidance of Neural Stem Cells
Authors: Li Xiaoran , Liang Hui , Sun Jie , Zhuang Yan , Xu Bai , Dai Jianwu
Published: June 2015

Producing gradients of biological cues into nerve conduits is crucial for nerve guidance and regeneration. Herein, the fabrication of gradients of stromal cell‐derived factor‐1α (SDF1α) on electrospun collagen mats is reported using an electrohydrodynamic jet printing technique. The fabrication of various SDF1α gradated patterns on collagen fibrous mats is successfully demonstrated including shallow continuous gradient, steep continuous gradient, and step gradient by controlling the processing parameters. The SDF1α graded collagen scaffolds show a long‐term stable gradient, as SDF1α is fused with a unique peptide of collagen binding domain (CBD), and CBD‐SDF1α can specifically bind to the collagen mat. Such graded scaffolds exhibit sustained release of SDF1α. Further examination of neural stem cell (NSC) response to the CBD‐SDF1α gradients with various patterns show that the NSCs can sense the CBD‐SDF1α gradients, display a polarized morphology, and tend to migrate toward the region with a higher CBD‐SDF1α content. The collagen mats with CBD‐SDF1α gradients guide gradual distribution of NSCs, and NSC‐differentiated neurons and astrocytes after seeding for 1 and 7 d. This new class of CBD‐SDF1α gradient scaffolds can potentially be employed for guided nerve regeneration.
Phylogenetic relationships within the Cercocebus–Mandrillus clade as indicated by craniodental morphology: Implications for evolutionary biogeography
Authors: Devreese Lieven , Gilbert Christopher C.
Published: June 2015

Objective

The African papionin primates commonly known as mangabeys form a diphyletic group with white‐eyelid mangabeys (Cercocebus) being most closely related to drills and mandrills (Mandrillus). However, the phylogenetic relationships among members of the Cercocebus–Mandrillus clade have not been investigated in detail, particularly from a morphological perspective. Early studies of white‐eyelid mangabeys considered C. agilis to best represent the ancestral lineage and C. torquatus as the most derived species, the result of multiple biogeographic dispersal events. More recently, a sister‐clade relationship between Mandrillus and either C. chrysogaster or C. torquatus has been proposed.

Materials and Methods

Here we present the results of phylogenetic analyses based on 206 craniodental characters (103 representing males and females separately) of four species of Cercocebus and both species of Mandrillus.

Results

When all species of the Cercocebus–Mandrillus clade are analyzed without molecular constraints, results suggest that C. torquatus may indeed be more closely related to mandrills and drills than to other Cercocebus taxa. However, this topology lacks strong statistical support and may be attributable to incomplete lineage sorting and/or reticulation. When we employ a molecular backbone to constrain Cercocebus and Mandrillus monophyly, C. torquatus appears most basal, while C. agilis and C. chrysogaster form a derived clade.

Discussion

The molecular backbone view is also congruent with recent genetic analyses and assessments based on the fossil record, but awaits confirmation with additional data. This phylogeny suggests that Cercocebus and Cercocebus + Mandrillus arose in western equatorial Africa with subsequent dispersals westward, eastward, and possibly southward over the last > 3 million years. Am J Phys Anthropol 158:227–241, 2015. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Unraveling the quantum state mixing of excitonic and vibronic excitations in the dynamics of molecular aggregates
Authors: Schröter Marco , Pullerits Toñu , Kühn Oliver
Published: June 2015

We report on dissipative exciton dynamics calculations performed with the hierarchy equations of motion method for a molecular heterodimer coupled to a multi‐mode Brownian oscillator bath. Coherent oscillations in the population dynamics after initial excitation of the highest exciton state are analysed in terms of a Fourier spectrum and compared to the exciton‐vibronic structure of the dimer eigenstates obtained by means of direct diagonalization. The signatures of Coulomb coupling induced quantum state mixing between elementary excitonic and vibronic excitations are systematically discussed for various Coulomb coupling strengths and Huang‐Rhys factors.

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Affecting mechanism of activation conditions on the performance of NaNO3‐modified dolomite for CO2 capture
Authors: Yang Xinfang , Zhao Lifeng , Xiao Yunhan
Published: June 2015

The affecting mechanism of activation conditions on the performance of NaNO3‐modified dolomites for CO2 capture was conducted combined with the activation tests and the CO2 absorption tests. The weight loss during activation was determined by the combined effects of the NaNO3 content, activation temperature, and activation atmosphere, for their combined effects on the ion diffusion. Moreover, the greater weight loss during activation did not elicit a corresponding increase in CO2 absorption ability of the activated absorbents. CO2 absorption activity tests indicated that the sample 0.20Na‐dol activated at 500 °C in N2 showed the best cyclic CO2 absorption ability. The underlying mechanism was then analyzed based on the results of the Brunauer–Emmett–Teller, X‐ray diffraction, and Raman analysis of the absorbents. The results indicated that the different CO2 absorption abilities might be due to the two kinds of molecular arrangements between the MgO and CaCO3 grains obtained during activation. © 2015 Curtin University of Technology and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Strain‐induced crystallization behavior of phenolic resin crosslinked natural rubber/clay nanocomposites
Authors: Masa Abdulhakim , Iimori Sougo , Saito Ryota , Saito Hiromu , Sakai Tadamoto , Kaesaman Azizon , Lopattananon Natinee
Published: June 2015

Nanocomposites of natural rubber (NR) and unmodified clay were prepared by latex compounding method. Phenolic resin (PhOH) was used to crosslink NR. Crosslinked neat NR was also prepared for comparison. The structure–property relationship of uncrosslinked and crosslinked NR/clay nanocomposites was examined to verify the reinforcement mechanism. Microstructure of NR/clay nanocomposites was studied by using transmission electron microscopic (TEM), X‐ray diffraction (XRD), wide angle X‐ray diffraction (WAXD), and small angle X‐ray scattering (SAXS) analyses. The results showed the evidence of intercalated clay together with clay tactoids for the nanocomposite samples. The highest tensile strength was achieved for the crosslinked NR/clay nanocomposite. The onset strain of deformation induced the crystallization of NR for nanocomposites was found at almost the same strain, and furthermore their crystallization was developed at lower strain than that of the crosslinked neat NR because of the clay orientation and alignment. However, at high strain region, the collaborative crystallization process related to the clay dispersion and conventional crosslink points in the NR was responsible to considerably high tensile strength of the crosslinked NR/clay nanocomposite. Based on these analyses, a mechanistic model for the strain‐induced crystallization and orientational evolution of a network structure of PhOH‐crosslinked NR/clay nanocomposite was proposed. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2015, 132, 42580.
Post‐harvest light treatment increases expression levels of recombinant proteins in transformed plastids of potato tubers
Authors: Larraya Luis M. , Fernández‐San Millán Alicia , Ancín, María , Farran Inmaculada , Veramendi Jon
Published: June 2015

Plastid genetic engineering represents an attractive system for the production of foreign proteins in plants. Although high expression levels can be achieved in leaf chloroplasts, the results for non‐photosynthetic plastids are generally discouraging. Here, we report the expression of two thioredoxin genes (trx f and trx m) from the potato plastid genome to study transgene expression in amyloplasts. As expected, the highest transgene expression was detected in the leaf (up to 4.2% of TSP). The Trx protein content in the tuber was approximately two to three orders of magnitude lower than in the leaf. However, we demonstrate that a simple post‐harvest light treatment of microtubers developed in vitro or soil‐grown tubers induces up to 55 times higher accumulation of the recombinant protein in just seven to ten days. After the applied treatment, the Trx f levels in microtubers and soil‐grown tubers increased to 0.14% and 0.11% of TSP, respectively. Moreover, tubers stored for eight months maintained the capacity of increasing the foreign protein levels after the light treatment. Post‐harvest cold induction (up to five times) at 4°C was also detected in microtubers. We conclude that plastid transformation and post‐harvest light treatment could be an interesting approach for the production of foreign proteins in potato.
Ion pair liquid chromatography method for the determination of thiamine (vitamin B1) homeostasis
Authors: Basiri Babak , Sutton James Michael , Hanberry Bradley S. , Zastre Jason A. , Bartlett Michael G.
Published: June 2015

A new method for reversed phase HPLC determination of thiamine and its major in vivo phosphorylation products, thiamine monophosphate (TMP) and thiamine pyrophosphate (TPP), was developed using tetrabutylammonium hydroxide as the ion‐pairing agent. The separation was performed on a Phenomenex Kinetex EVO C18 column with a gradient of a phosphate‐buffered aqueous solution of the ion‐pair reagent and methanol. The duty cycle for the assay was 13 min and pyrithiamine was successfully used as the internal standard for the first time in a thiamine HPLC measurement protocol. Detection of the fluorescence derivatives of the analytes as well as the IS allowed for lower detection limits in order to support biological applications in cell culture models. The linearity, sensitivity, specificity, accuracy and precision of the method were evaluated and met the requirements specified by the US Food and Drug Administration. The calibration curves proved to be linear and the method was validated over the range from 1.0–4000 nm for both cells and the media where complete recovery of the analytes was also achieved. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Anatomical study of the infraorbital foramen
Authors: Aggarwal Anjali , Kaur Harjeet , Gupta Tulika , Tubbs R. Shane , Sahni Daisy , Batra Y.K. , Sondekoppam Rakesh V.
Published: June 2015

Detailed knowledge of variations of the infraorbital foramen (IOF) and the establishment of a constant reference point for needle insertion are important for safe and successful regional block and for avoiding iatrogenic injury to the nerve during surgery in the midfacial region. Infraorbital foramina from 133 sides of 67 dry intact adult skulls of undetermined gender were examined for variations in shape, number, location in relation to bony landmarks, and relationship to the maxillary teeth. The angles of needle insertion in the sagittal and Frankfurt planes were determined. The infraorbital foramina were located at an average distance of 6.33 ± 1.39 mm below the infraorbital margin, 25.69 ± 2.37 mm from the median plane, 15.19 ± 1.70 mm from the lateral margin of the piriform aperture, and 28.41 ± 2.82 mm above the maxillary alveolar border. The average angles of needle insertion through the IOF with the sagittal and Frankfurt planes were 21.14° ± 10.10° and 31.79° ± 7.68°, respectively. Multiple foramina were found in 21% of the hemi‐skulls. The foramen was less than 2 mm in size in 23.31% of the hemi‐skulls. The position of the IOF with respect to the maxillary teeth varied from the interval between the canine and first premolar to the first molar, but in half of the specimens it lay in line with the second maxillary premolar tooth. The observations made in this study should be useful for planning infraorbital nerve block or surgery around the IOF. Clin. Anat. 28:753–760, 2015. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
A core syllabus for the teaching of neuroanatomy to medical students
Authors: Moxham Bernard , McHanwell Stephen , Plaisant Odile , Pais Diogo
Published: June 2015

There is increasingly a call for clinical relevance in the teaching of biomedical sciences within all health care courses. However, this presupposes that there is a clear understanding of what can be considered core material within the curricula. To date, the anatomical sciences have been relatively poorly served by the development of core syllabuses, particularly for specialized core syllabuses such as neuroanatomy. One of the aims of the International Federation of Associations of Anatomists (IFAA) and of the European Federation for Experimental Morphology (EFEM) is to formulate, on an international scale, core syllabuses for all branches of the anatomical sciences using Delphi Panels consisting of anatomists, scientists, and clinicians to initially evaluate syllabus content. In this article, the findings of a Delphi Panel for neuroanatomy are provided. These findings will subsequently be published on the IFAA website to enable anatomical (and other cognate learned) societies and individual anatomists, clinicians, and students to freely comment upon, and elaborate and amend, the syllabuses. The aim is to set internationally recognized standards and thus to provide guidelines concerning neuroanatomical knowledge when engaged in course development. Clin. Anat. 28:706–716, 2015. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Percutaneous management of patients with acute coronary syndromes from unprotected left main disease: A comprehensive review and presentation of a treatment algorithm
Authors: Uretsky Barry F. , Mathew Jacob , Ahmed Zubair , Hakeem Abdul
Published: June 2015

The patient with acute coronary syndrome, particularly with myocardial infarction, from an unprotected left main coronary stenosis represents one of the highest risk subgroups with mortality exceeding 25–50%. Once a patient develops cardiogenic shock, the risk of death during index hospitalization is exceedingly high. Percutaneous coronary intervention may improve short‐ and long‐term outcome, particularly if performed prior to shock development. Should the patient survive index hospitalization, survival tends to be rather good. This review summarizes current knowledge and proposes a clinical algorithm for evaluation and treatment. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Primary percutaneous coronary intervention by drug‐eluting balloon angioplasty: The nonrandomized fourth arm of the DEB‐AMI (drug‐eluting balloon in ST‐segment elevation myocardial infarction) trial
Authors: Nijhoff Freek , Agostoni Pierfrancesco , Belkacemi Anouar , Nathoe Hendrik M. , Voskuil Michiel , Samim Mariam , Doevendans Pieter A. , Stella Pieter R.
Published: June 2015

Objective

To evaluate a paclitaxel drug‐eluting balloon (DEB) only strategy in primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PPCI), aiming at a comparison with bare metal stent (BMS) alone, DEB followed by BMS, and paclitaxel eluting stent (PES), as assessed in the randomized Drug Eluting Balloon in Acute ST‐Segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction (DEB‐AMI) trial.

Background

DEB‐only seems an attractive strategy in PPCI, as it obviates the risk of stent thrombosis.

Methods

This study is a prospective registry with the same inclusion/exclusion criteria used in the DEB‐AMI trial, as it constitutes the fourth, nonrandomized, treatment arm of this trial. Patients presenting with ST‐elevation myocardial infarction were allocated to DEB‐only (DIOR II, Eurocor GmbH, Bonn, Germany) after successful thrombus aspiration and predilatation. Primary endpoint was 6‐month angiographic in‐balloon/stent late‐luminal loss (LLL). Secondary endpoints were in‐balloon/stent binary restenosis and major adverse cardiac events (MACE: death, myocardial infarction, target‐vessel revascularization).

Results

Forty patients underwent PPCI by DEB‐only. Procedural success was achieved in 97.5% with bail‐out stenting required in 10.0% of procedures. In DEB‐only, LLL was 0.51 ± 0.59 mm as compared to 0.74 ± 0.57 mm in BMS (P = 0.44), 0.64 ± 0.56 mm in DEB+BMS (P = 0.88) and 0.21 ± 0.32 mm in PES (P < 0.01); in‐balloon/stent binary restenosis rates were 22.2%, 23.8% (P = 0.67), 28.6% (P = 0.97), and 4.5% (P = 0.07), respectively; and MACE rates were 17.5%, 23.5% (P = 0.20), 20.0% (P = 0.26), and 4.1% (P = 0.90), respectively. No acute or late thrombotic events occurred in the DEB‐only group.

Conclusions

PPCI by DEB‐only in selected patients yielded an angiographic outcome comparable to BMS alone and DEB followed by BMS. PES proved angiographic superiority to DEB‐only. DEB‐only is therefore a potential treatment alternative during PPCI in patients with contra‐indications to drug‐eluting stents. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Time‐course of vascular dysfunction of brachial artery after transradial access for coronary angiography
Authors: Munoz‐Mendoza Jerson , Ghatak Abhijit , Pinto Miranda Veronica , Bahadu Shaka , De Marchena Eduardo , Ferreira Alexandre C. , Mendoza Cesar E.
Published: June 2015

Background

Prior studies have demonstrated endothelial and smooth muscle brachial artery dysfunction after transradial cardiac catheterization for diagnostic coronary angiography. The duration of this vascular dysfunction is unknown.

Objective

To determine the time‐course of endothelial and smooth muscle cell dysfunction in the upstream brachial artery after transradial cardiac catheterization.

Methods

We studied 22 consecutive patients with suspected coronary artery disease (age 64.4 ± 7.7 years) undergoing diagnostic transradial cardiac catheterization. Using high‐resolution vascular ultrasound, we measured ipsilateral brachial artery diameter changes during reactive hyperemia (endothelium‐dependent dilatation) and administration of sublingual nitroglycerin (endothelium‐independent dilatation). The measurements were taken at baseline (before cardiac catheterization), 6 h, 24 h, 1 week, and 1 month postprocedure. The contralateral brachial artery served as a control.

Results

Ipsilateral brachial artery diameter during endothelium‐dependent dilatation decreased significantly compared with the contralateral diameters at 6 h and 24 h after transradial cardiac catheterization (3.22 vs. 4.11 and 3.29 vs. 4.11, respectively, P < 0.001). The administration of nitroglycerin did not affect this difference. At 1 week and 1 month postprocedure there was no significant difference in diameter of the ipsilateral versus the contralateral brachial artery. As expected the contralateral brachial artery showed no significant changes in diameter.

Conclusion

Our results showed that transradial cardiac catheterization causes transient vascular endothelial and smooth muscle dysfunction of the ipsilateral brachial artery, which resolves within 1 week postprocedure. These findings strongly suggest the absence of systemic vascular dysfunction after transradial catheterization both immediately postprocedure as well as 1 week postprocedure. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
A new empirical equation for minimum spouting/spout‐fluidization velocity in draft tube spout‐fluid beds at elevated temperature
Authors: Wu Man , Guo Qingjie , Xie Henglai , Liu Luyan
Published: June 2015

Draft tube spout‐fluid beds have been widely used in drying, coating, and granulation processes. In these processes, the spout‐fluid reactor is always operated at gas temperatures that exceed ambient conditions. Therefore, one objective of draft tube spout‐fluid bed research is to determine the critical factors that affect the minimum spouting velocity (Ums) and the minimum spout‐fluidization velocity (Umsf) at high temperatures. In this study, four types of particles were used to study the resulting pressure drops. Ums and Umsf were used in a conical draft tube spout‐fluid bed at temperatures of 293–500 K. In addition, a series of operating conditions and geometric configurations were investigated to systematically study the factors that affect Ums and Umsf. Overall, Ums and Umsf increased as the static bed height, entrainment zone height, draft tube diameter, and particle diameter increased. In contrast, Ums decreased as the superficial fluidizing gas velocity and spout nozzle diameter increased. In addition, Umsf increased as the superficial fluidizing gas velocity, spout nozzle diameter, and temperature increased. Furthermore, as the fluidizing gas flow increased, the minimum spouting velocity shifted from increasing to decreasing as the temperature gradually increased. Two general correlations between the Ums and Umsf values and the above factors were proposed. In addition, the influences of operating conditions and geometrical parameters on the minimum spouting velocity should be considered in the design and use of draft tube spout‐fluid beds.
Non‐Flat Bisbenzylisoquinoline Alkaloid Fangchinoline As a Class of Potent G‐Quadruplex Stabilizer with Anti‐cancer Activity
Authors: Li Qian , Xiang Junfeng , Tang Yalin
Published: June 2015

Compounds selectively binding and stabilizing G‐quadruplex structures could inhibit the telomerase or down‐ regulate the oncogenes and may act as anti‐cancer drugs. An alkaloid with non‐flat structure, fangchinoline, showed to strongly stabilize the intermolecular and intramolecular parallel stranded G‐quadruplex structure, increasing melting temperature by 20 and 23°C, respectively. The binding mode was investigated by using NMR and molecular modelling methods. Four human cell lines (HL‐60, BGC‐823, Bel‐7402 and KB) were taken to test the anti‐proliferation effects of fangchinoline and the IC50 values were ranged from 16 to 32 µmol/L. These results showed that the fangchinoline or related moiety derivatives may represent a class of telomere‐targeted agents as potential anti‐cancer drugs.
Spatially Interlinked Graphene with Uniformly Loaded Sulfur for High Performance Li‐S Batteries
Authors: Liu Donghai , Zhang Chen , Lv Xiaohui , Zheng Xiaoyu , Zhang Lei , Zhi Linjie , Yang Quan‐Hong
Published: June 2015

Lithium‐sulfur (Li‐S) batteries have drawn extensive attentions due to their high energy density, environmental friendliness and low cost. In this study, three‐dimensional (3D) graphene/S hybrid (G/S) is prepared by a one‐pot hydrothermal method together with redox reaction between S‐based compound and graphene oxide (GO). G/S has a three dimensional porous structure, where graphene is interconnected with each other forming a 3D conductive network. It demonstrates that the pore structure of G/S can be well controlled by optimizing the drying method of the 3D graphene‐based materials. Freeze drying and evaporation‐induced drying can induce different density and pore structure of G/S. Electrochemical tests illustrate that the resulting hybrid can deliver a specific capacity of 891 mAh·g−1 and 575 mAh·g−1 for the 1st and 100th cycle at a current density of 500 mAh·g−1.
Ruthenium Trichloride Catalyzed Highly Efficient Deoximation of Oximes to the Carbonyl Compounds and Nitriles without Acceptors
Authors: Liu Yuxiao , Yang Na , Chu Changhu , Liu Renhua
Published: June 2015

An acceptor‐free catalysis protocol for the deoximation of ketoximes and aldoximes using RuCl3 as the catalyst has been developed. Under the optimized conditions, various oximes were converted to ketones and nitriles with excellent isolated yields.
[68Ga]‐HP‐DO3A‐nitroimidazole: a promising agent for PET detection of tumor hypoxia
Authors: Wu Yunkou , Hao Guiyang , Ramezani Saleh , Saha Debabrata , Zhao Dawen , Sun Xiankai , Sherry A. Dean
Published: June 2015

The goal of this study is to evaluate a new 68Ga‐based imaging agent for detecting tumor hypoxia using positron emission tomography (PET). The new hypoxia targeting agent reported here, [68Ga]‐HP‐DO3A‐nitroimidazole ([68Ga]‐HP‐DO3A‐NI), was constructed by linking a nitroimidazole moiety with the macrocyclic ligand component of ProHance®, HP‐DO3A. The hypoxia targeting capability of this agent was evaluated in A549 lung cancer cells in vitro and in SCID mice bearing subcutaneous A549 tumor xenografts. The cellular uptake assays showed that significantly more [68Ga]‐HP‐DO3A‐NI accumulates in hypoxic tumor cells at 30, 60 and 120 min than in the same cells exposed to 21% O2. The agent also accumulated in hypoxic tumors in vivo to give a tumor/muscle ratio (T/M) of 5.0 ± 1.2 (n = 3) as measured by PET at 2 h post‐injection (p.i.). This was further confirmed by ex vivo biodistribution data. In addition, [68Ga]‐HP‐DO3A‐NI displayed very favorable pharmacokinetic properties, as it was cleared largely through the kidneys with little to no accumulation in liver, heart or lung (%ID/g < 0.5%) at 2 h p.i. The specificity of the agent for hypoxic tissues was further validated in a comparative study with a control compound, [68Ga]‐HP‐DO3A, which lacks the nitroimidazole moiety, and by PET imaging of tumor‐bearing mice breathing air versus 100% O2. Given the commercial availability of cGMP 68Ge/68Ga generators and the ease of 68Ga labeling, the new agent could potentially be widely applied for imaging tumor hypoxia prior to radiation therapy. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.