bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Nutrient recycling through composting: Harnessing agricultural wastes for sustainable crop production
Authors: Sathiyapriya S , Prabhaharan J , Sheeba S , Anandham R , Ilamaran M
Published: January 2025

Composting repurposes agricultural waste into organic fertilizer, reducing dependence on chemical alternatives while enhancing soil health. Compost supports long-term fertility by improving the physical, biological, and chemical properties of the soil. Crop residues in fields contribute to humus formation and provide essential nutrients for future crops. Incorporating these residues into the soil stimulates microbial activity, which results in improved soil vitality. Research consistently demonstrates that recycling residues enhances the physical, chemical, and biological health of the soil. Managing crop residues offers sustainable and environmentally friendly solutions for meeting crop nutrient needs and improving yields. Microorganisms play a crucial role in breaking down agricultural waste, into compost that boosts soil fertility and health. This process leads to increased agricultural productivity. It is essential for farmers, particularly in developing countries, to understand the complexities and benefits of composting. The rising global population has intensified the demand for food, leading to increased agricultural production. However, this growth also generates large amounts of waste, posing environmental and health risks. Composting offers more than just a soil amendment; it represents a vital approach to sustainable farming practices. By converting agricultural residues into nutrient-rich compost, farmers can mitigate the environmental impact of waste while improving the health and productivity of their soil. It examines how composting agricultural waste into nutrient-rich organic fertilizer enhances soil health, reduces dependence on chemical inputs, and promotes sustainable farming. It also investigates the role of microorganisms in improving soil fertility and productivity while addressing the environmental impact of agricultural waste.
Conversion of sugarcane bagasse into cellulose, carboxymethyl cellulose, and polymer membrane electrolyte and their characterization
Authors: Vijayakumary P , Manisha R B , Meenakshi P , Parimala D R , Subramanian P , Sriramajayam S , Jothiprakash G , Ramesh D
Published: January 2025

Petroleum-derived products have long been used as raw materials for synthesizing polymers. The diminished petroleum reserves and growing environmental consciousness have prompted a shift toward sustainable alternatives. Biodegradable organic materials derived from agricultural biomass, offer a promising pathway to produce eco-efficient polymers. Cellulose transformation into carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) is a focal point, as CMC's water solubility and polymeric characteristics facilitate diverse applications, particularly in energy storage systems. This research aims to study the variations in chemical treatments on biomass, focusing on sugarcane bagasse as a case study. Chemical and steam explosion pretreatments were applied to the bagasse, leading to enhanced cellulose recovery, with cellulose content increasing from 52.7% to 65.4%, and overall yield improving from 35.3% to 49.1%. SEM and FT-IR analyses revealed significant structural changes. In contrast, XRD analysis indicated a rise in the crystallinity index from 34.8% in untreated bagasse to 70.5% in treated samples, with a reduction in crystallite size. The synthesis of CMC demonstrated a peak degree of substitution (DS) of 0.82 using 25% NaOH, resulting in CMC with improved solubility and flexibility. CMC films prepared with different binding agents, such as glycerol, demonstrated optimal flexibility, conductivity, and mechanical strength, making them suitable for polymer electrolyte applications. Analysis of CMC polymer films highlighted glycerol (15 wt%) as the most effective binding agent, enhancing the film's fold endurance and flexibility. These findings underscore the potential of biomass-derived polymer membranes to replace petroleum-based materials and contribute to sustainable development.
Fragment karolińskiego rękopisu z tekstem Liber in partibus Donati Smaragdusa z Saint-Mihiel odnaleziony w Bibliotece Uniwersyteckiej w Poznaniu
Authors: Łukaszewski Jakub
Published: January 2025

W 2018 roku w trakcie badań makulatury introligatorskiej w kolekcji starych druków Biblioteki Uniwersyteckiej w Poznaniu odnaleziono fragment rękopisu zapisanego minuskułą karolińską. Fragment wzmacniał oprawę dzieła Hieronima Dungresheima pt. Conclusiones cum rationibus ad partes summe theologice […] Thome Aquinatis, Leipzig: W. Stöckel, 1516 (sygn. SD 734 II). Rękopis zawiera tekst Liber in partibus Donati Smaragdusa z Saint-Mihiel. Wyjęty fragment otrzymał sygnaturę Rkp 8060. Cele artykułu: umieszczenie przekazu w tradycji rękopiśmiennej Liber in partibus Donati, kodykologiczny i paleograﬁczny opis znaleziska i wyjaśnienie, w jaki sposób zabytek traﬁł do Poznania. Metody: analiza treści i kolacjonowanie tekstu z edycją krytyczną (Smaragdus. Liber in partibus Donati, red. B. Löfsted, L. Holtz, A. Kibre†, CCCM, t. 68, Turnhout 1986); analizy kodykologiczna i paleograﬁczna fragmentu rękopisu; analiza tegumentologiczna oprawy woluminu, w której wtórnie wykorzystano rękopis oraz badanie proweniencji tego woluminu. Wnioski: tekst na odnalezionym fragmencie jest najbardziej zbliżony do tradycji przekazanej przez rękopis Paris BNF lat. 6400B. Pergamin wyprawiono i przygotowano pod zapis sposobem insularnym, jednak analiza paleograﬁczna wskazuje, że fragment zapisano kontynentalną minuskułą karolińską, przypuszczalnie w jednym z ośrodków pisarskich w północno-zachodniej części królestwa Franków (Neustria, rejon Orlean-Fleury?). Rękopis można datować na połowę IX wieku. Oprawę woluminu, w której odnaleziono fragment, wykonano w jednym z warsztatów introligatorskich w Erfurcie ok. 1518 roku. Analiza proweniencji woluminu wykazała, że księga była własnością biblioteki Kartuzów w Erfurcie do 1810 roku. Po kasacie klasztoru księgę tę przeniesiono do erfurckiej Biblioteki Uniwersyteckiej. W 1907 roku traﬁła do Königliche Bibliothek Berlin (sygn. Cw 855), a do Biblioteki Uniwersyteckiej w Poznaniu – po 1945 roku.
The interior curvature bounds for a class of curvature quotient equations
Authors: Jia Haohao
Published: January 2025

For elliptic partial differential equations, the pure interior C
2 estimates and Pogorelov type estimates are important issues. In this paper, we study the interior estimates of

Γ

k

̃

$\tilde {{{\Gamma}}_{k}}$

-admissible solutions for curvature quotient equations

σ

k

(

η

(

κ

)

)

σ

l

(

η

(

κ

)

)

1

k
−
l

=
g

(

x
,
u

)

${\left(\frac{{\sigma }_{k}\left(\eta \left(\kappa \right)\right)}{{\sigma }_{l}\left(\eta \left(\kappa \right)\right)}\right)}^{\frac{1}{k-l}}=g\left(x,u\right)$

, and establish the pure interior curvature estimate when l = k − 1, 0 < k ≤ n and Pogorelov type estimate when 0 ≤ l < k ≤ n.
Breaking the guidelines: how financial unawareness fuels guideline deviations and inefficient DVT diagnostics
Authors: Kiraly Jozsef , Berzi Andras , El-Kareh Robert , Sebestyen Eniko , Ujvarosy Dora , Emri Miklos , Bhattoa Harjit Pal , Kappelmayer Janos , Miller Kristen E. , Toth Gabor
Published: January 2025

Objectives

To examine factors impacting diagnostic evaluation of suspected deep vein thrombosis (DVT) by analyzing the test ordering patterns and provider decision-making within a universal health coverage system in Hungary.

Methods

We analyzed test orders for suspected DVT between 2007 and 2020, and the financial framework influencing diagnostic practices. An anonymous survey was also conducted among Emergency Department physicians to explore factors influencing diagnostic decision-making.

Results

A total of 6,821 patients were identified. From 2008 to 2013, the most common diagnostic approach combined D-dimer and duplex ultrasound tests (64.5 %), followed by sole ultrasound (20.5 %) and sole D-dimer (15 %) testing. A marked shift occurred from 2014 onward, with sole ultrasound rising to 88 % of cases by 2018–2020, while combined testing and sole D-dimer orders decreased to 7.9 and 4 %, respectively. In survey results, time efficiency emerged as a key factor for bypassing D-dimer testing, cited by 75 % of physicians. 45 % believed D-dimer costs were comparable to or higher than duplex ultrasound. Financial analysis revealed that the outdated performance points system misrepresented actual costs, resulting in duplex ultrasound being significantly underfunded, which impacts the Radiology Department. This discrepancy contributes to higher national level expenses, driven by the increased reliance on ultrasound.

Conclusions

We found diagnostic practices deviating from international diagnostic guidelines, with an increase in duplex ultrasound over D-dimer. This shift, allowed by an outdated financing structure, increases overall costs for the healthcare system. Revising financial frameworks to reflect true costs is essential for sustainable operations in universal health coverage systems.
Density functional theory study of Mg–Ho intermetallic phases
Authors: Yang Yuting , He Mengqin , Luo Yi , Gu Yuhang , Ding Yunfei
Published: January 2025

The present study explores the structural, phase stability, mechanical, and electrical properties of Mg–Ho intermetallic phases, namely Mg24Ho5, Mg2Ho, and MgHo. The investigation is conducted using the first-principles plane-wave pseudopotential method within the framework of density functional theory, as implemented in the Vienna Ab initio Simulation Package. The primary objective of this research is to illuminate the phase stability and mechanical behavior of these compounds, which are of paramount importance for their potential applications in magnesium alloys. The study determines the formation enthalpy (ΔH) and elastic constants (C

ij
) for each intermetallic phase and calculates the elastic moduli of the corresponding polycrystalline materials. The findings of this study reveal that the MgHo phase exhibits the highest absolute value of formation enthalpy (ΔH = −8.01 kJ·mol−1), indicating its superior stability among the three investigated intermetallic phases. As the concentration of Ho in Mg increases, the G/B ratio for the phases decreases from 1.02 to 0.60 (>0.57), suggesting that the intermetallic phases are stable, albeit brittle. The elastic anisotropy index (A
U), derived from the elastic constants (C

ij
), follows an ascending order of Mg24Ho5, Mg2Ho, and MgHo, signifying that MgHo possesses the most favorable elastic anisotropy among the studied phases.
Testing of kaolinite/TiO2 nanocomposites for methylene blue removal: photodegradation and mechanism
Authors: Fendi Karim , Bouzidi Nedjima , Boudraa Reguia , Saidani Amira , Manseri Amar , Eliche Quesada Dolores , Nguyen Hai Tran , Bollinger Jean-Claude , Salvestrini Stefano , Kebir Mohamed , Belkessa Nacer , Mouni Lotfi
Published: January 2025

This study investigated the effect of different treatment conditions on kaolinite-halloysite type as a support for TiO2 and their potential application in photocatalysis. These nanocomposites are used to study the photodegradation of methylene blue, a dye widely used in the textile industry and released into the environment. Crystal structure, specific surface area, pore structure and the morphology of kaolinite were all studied using XRD, attenuated total reflectance (ATR), Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and ultraviolet-visible light. The optical band gap increased with increasing kaolin loading from 2.93 to 3.14 eV. Compared with pure TiO2 photocatalyst, the morphology and structure of kaolinite/TiO2 composites can significantly improve their ability to adsorb organic pollutants and their photocatalytic activity: The photocatalytic efficiency of kaolinite/TiO2 was evaluated by degrading the textile dye methylene blue (MB) under UV-light irradiation. The results showed an improvement from 71 % using TiO2 to 98 % for nanocomposites kaolinite/TiO2 using samples amount of 1 g/L and Co = 20 mg/L.
On prime spaces of neutrosophic extended triplet groups
Authors: Zhou Xin , Xin Xiao Long
Published: January 2025

This article aims to investigate the Zariski topology on the set of prime ideals of a weak commutative neutrosophic extended triplet group (NETG)

N

N

, denoted by

Prim

(

N

)

{\rm{Prim}}\left(N)

. First, by giving an equivalent characterization of idempotent weak commutative NETGs, we show that a topological space

X

X

is an

S
S

SS

-space if and only if

X

X

is homeomorphic to the space

Prim

(

N

)

{\rm{Prim}}\left(N)

of some weak commutative NETG. In addition, we prove that there exists an adjunction between the dual category of weak commutative NETGs and the category of

S
S

SS

-spaces. Finally, we further study the categorical relation between idempotent weak commutative NETGs and that of

S
S

SS

-spaces, which leads to a conclusion that the category of idempotent weak commutative NETGs is equivalent to that of commutative idempotent semigroups.
Seeing Sacred for Centuries: Digitally Modeling Greek Worshipers’ Visualscapes at the Argive Heraion Sanctuary
Authors: Susmann Natalie M.
Published: January 2025

Mount Akraia, located in the northeastern Greek Peloponnese, hosted an open-air worshiping site beginning in the tenth/ninth c BCE. The space gained popularity and was quickly transformed into a monumental sanctuary known as the Argive Heraion. The sanctuary is elevated and easy to spot from a distance; it provides unobstructed views of the surrounding region. The location is historically significant as well, overlying a Mycenaean cemetery and settlement. Ancient authors frame the Argive Heraion as a touchstone sacred landmark; contemporary scholars echo these descriptions. This article synthesizes the textual and material record, questioning which of the Argive Heraion’s visual characteristics captivated worshipers’ senses, and if worshipers’ perceptions shifted over time. My complete dataset spans the tenth–second c BCE and considers all other places where group worship happened in the Argive Plain. Using GIS and text analyses, I measure and compare an array of viewing experiences that were culturally meaningful for Greek worshipers. The resultant models compare the Argive Heraion’s visualscape over time, framed against the broader sacred landscape. I also look to the present day. Using contemporary tourist reviews, I unpack nuances that are missing in the archaeological and historical record. Personal histories shift what we see and how we see it.
Microglia Morphology in the Developing Primate Amygdala and Effects of Early Life Stress
Authors: King Dennisha P. , Abdalaziz Miral , Majewska Ania K. , Cameron Judy L. , Fudge Julie L.
Published: January 2025

A unique pool of immature glutamatergic neurons in the primate amygdala, known as the paralaminar nucleus (PL), are maturing between infancy and adolescence. The PL is a potential substrate for the steep growth curve of amygdala volume during this developmental period. A microglial component is also embedded among the PL neurons and likely supports local neuronal maturation and emerging synaptogenesis. Microglia may alter neuronal growth following environmental perturbations such as stress. Using multiple measures in rhesus macaques, we found that microglia in the infant primate PL had relatively large somas and a small arbor size. In contrast, microglia in the adolescent PL had a smaller soma and a larger dendritic arbor. We then examined microglial morphology in the PL after a novel maternal separation protocol, to examine the effects of early life stress. After maternal separation, the microglia had increased soma size, arbor size, and complexity. Surprisingly, strong effects were seen not only in the infant PL, but also in the adolescent PL from subjects who had experienced the separation many years earlier. We conclude that under normal maternal-rearing conditions, PL microglia morphology tracks PL neuronal growth, progressing to a more “mature” phenotype by adolescence. Maternal separation has long-lasting effects on microglia, altering their normal developmental trajectory, and resulting in a “hyper-ramified” phenotype that persists for years. We speculate that these changes have consequences for neuronal development in young primates.
Microvascular Dysfunction, Mitochondrial Reprogramming, and Inflammasome Activation as Critical Regulators of Ischemic Stroke Severity Induced by Chronic Exposure to Prescription Opioids
Authors: Sun Enze , Torices Silvia , Osborne Olivia M. , Toborek Michal
Published: January 2025

The opioid epidemic endangers not only public health but also social and economic welfare. Growing clinical evidence indicates that chronic use of prescription opioids may contribute to an elevated risk of ischemic stroke and negatively impact poststroke recovery. In addition, NLRP3 inflammasome activation has been related to several cerebrovascular diseases, including ischemic stroke. Interestingly, an increase in NLRP3 inflammasome activation has also been reported in chronic opioid exposure. Given the pivotal roles of the blood–brain barrier (BBB) and oxidative stress in ischemic stroke pathophysiology, this study focuses on the impact of chronic exposure to prescription opioids on the integrity of cerebrovascular microvasculature, endothelial mitochondrial homeostasis, and the outcomes of ischemic stroke in male wild-type and NLRP3-deficient mice. Our results demonstrate that chronic opioid exposure can compromise the integrity of the BBB and elevate the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), resulting in endothelial mitochondrial dysfunction and apoptosis activation. We also provide evidence that opioid exposure enhances inflammasome activation and inflammatory responses and increases the severity of an ischemic stroke. The antioxidantN-acetylcysteine ameliorated these opioid-induced alterations and accelerated the poststroke tissue restoration and functional recovery processes in opioid-exposed mice. Importantly, there was also a significant decrease in ischemic stroke damage in the NLRP3-deficient mice with chronic opioid exposure as compared with wild-type controls. These findings indicate that chronic exposure to prescription opioids impacts the outcome of ischemic stroke by damaging microvascular cerebral integrity through inflammasome activation and mitochondrial dysfunction.
Compromising tyrosine hydroxylase function extends and blunts the temporal profile of reinforcement by dopamine neurons inDrosophila
Authors: Amin Fatima , König Christian , Zhang Jiajun , Kalinichenko Liubov S. , Königsmann Svea , Brunsberg Vivian , Riemensperger Thomas D. , Müller Christian P. , Gerber Bertram
Published: January 2025

For a proper representation of the causal structure of the world, it is adaptive to consider both evidence for and evidence against causality. To take punishment as an example, the causality of a stimulus is unlikely if there is a temporal gap before punishment is received, but causality is credible if the stimulus immediately precedes punishment. In contrast, causality can be ruled out if the punishment occurred first. At the behavioral level, this is reflected in the associative principle of timing-dependent valence reversal: aversive memories are formed when a stimulus occurs before the punishment, whereas memories of appetitive valence are formed when a stimulus is presented upon the relieving termination of punishment. We map the temporal profile of memories induced by optogenetic activation of the PPL1-01 neuron in the flyDrosophila melanogaster(of either sex), and find that compromising tyrosine hydroxylase function, either acutely by pharmacological methods or by cell-specific RNAi, extends and blunts this profile. Specifically, it i) enhances learning with a time gap between the stimulus and PPL1-01 punishment (better trace conditioning), ii) impairs learning when the stimulus immediately precedes PPL1-01 punishment (worse delay conditioning), and iii) prevents learning about a stimulus presented after PPL1-01 punishment has ceased (worse relief conditioning). Under conditions of low dopamine, we furthermore observe a role for serotonin that is pronounced in trace conditioning, weaker in delay conditioning, and absent in relief conditioning. We discuss the psychiatric implications if related alterations in the temporal profile of reinforcement were to occur in humans.

Significance statementActing in conformity with the causal structure of the world is important for survival in animals and humans alike. To do so, it is crucial to consider both evidence for and evidence against causality. For example, the causality of a stimulus is a reasonable assumption if it precedes punishment, whereas causality can be ruled out if the punishment occurred first. This is reflected in the opposite memories that are established through the ‘bad’ occurrence versus the ‘good’ termination of punishment. We find in the fruit flyDrosophila melanogasterthat compromising dopamine synthesis establishes a distortion of these processes and discuss the psychiatric implications if such distortions were to occur in humans.
Adolescent Cerebellar Nuclei Manipulation Alters Reversal Learning and Perineuronal Net Intensity Independently in Male and Female Mice
Authors: Lyle Tristan T. , Verpeut Jessica L.
Published: January 2025

The cerebellum, identified to be active during cognitive and social behavior, has multisynaptic connections through the cerebellar nuclei (CN) and thalamus to cortical regions, yet formation and modulation of these pathways are not fully understood. Perineuronal nets (PNNs) respond to changes in local cellular activity and emerge during development. PNNs are implicated in learning and neurodevelopmental disorders, but their role in the CN during development is unknown. Connectivity deficits, specifically between lateral CN (LCN) and cortical regions have been found in autism spectrum disorder with patients displaying reduced cognitive flexibility. To examine the role of LCN on cognition, neural activity was perturbed in both male and female mice using designer receptors exclusively activated by designer drugs (DREADDs) from postnatal day 21 to 35. We found that while an adolescent LCN disruption did not alter task acquisition, correct choice reversal performance was dependent on DREADD manipulation and sex. Inhibitory DREADDs improved reversal learning in males (5 d faster to criteria), and excitatory DREADDs improved female reversal learning (10 d faster to criteria) compared with controls. Interestingly, the DREADD manipulation in females regardless of direction reduced PNN intensity, whereas in males, only the inhibitory DREADDs reduced PNNs. This suggests a chronic adolescent LCN manipulation may have sex-specific compensatory changes in PNN structure and LCN output to improve reversal learning. This study provides new evidence for LCN in nonmotor functions and sex-dependent differences in behavior and CN plasticity.
Democratization in Confucian Societies
Authors: Hsieh John Fuh-sheng
Published: January 2025

China, Taiwan, South Korea, and Singapore share a cultural legacy and have all been doing well economically over the years—two of the factors which have often been associated with democratization. Yet, thus far, two (Taiwan and South Korea) are democratic while the other two (China and Singapore) are not. It is argued in this article that factors other than culture and economy have played a significant role in facilitating democracy in Taiwan and South Korea but are not present in China and Singapore. One such factor is a quasi-pluralistic social order—ethnic division in Taiwan and regionalism in South Korea—which drives people to seek democracy to redress their grievances, to help solve the collective action problem, and to provide resources (e.g., popular support) in their fight against the authoritarian regime. Such a social order is not present in China or Singapore.
Las estrategias didácticas en la enseñanza de la economía. investigación en la educación secundaria
Authors: Lis Diana
Published: January 2025

La economía presenta particularidades dentro de las ciencias sociales, su epistemología, su método de estudio, las distintas corrientes y paradigmas que sustentan a la disciplina, influyen en la complejidad de su enseñanza. En este artículo se presentan resultados de una investigación cuyo objetivo se refiere a indagar, describir y analizar las estrategias didácticas que utilizan los docentes para enseñar economía en la educación secundaria, con el fin de contribuir al campo de la Didáctica de la Economía. Para lograr ese propósito, se utiliza una encuesta semiestructurada realizada a docentes que enseñan economía en la Argentina. Los resultados resultan alentadores por la diversidad de estrategias que informan usar, sumado al reconocimiento de las dificultades en el aprendizaje de la economía que destacan.
Uso de tecnologias digitais
Authors: Feldkercher Nadiane , Nörnberg Lui , Fernandes da Silva Edileuza
Published: January 2025

El artículo analiza las experiencias de profesores de universidades públicas con el uso de tecnologías digitales en la enseñanza de la Didáctica. Los datos provienen de una investigacion empírica con enfoque cualitativo, generados a partir de cuestionarios en línea. El análisis se orientó por circunscriptores: actividades de enseñanza-aprendizaje, formación inicial docente, intención pedagógica, inclusión digital de los estudiantes e interacciones con el uso de tecnologías digitales. Concluimos que las experiencias previas a la pandemia tienen un impacto en la enseñanza de la asignatura en modalidad remota. La formación didáctica teórico-práctica, interactiva y comunicativa sobre tecnologías digitales contribuye a formar docentes que las incorporen a la enseñanza en la escuela.
WHAT HELEN HOUSE IS ABOUT
Authors: Student
Published: January 2025

Perhaps several things need to be stressed in order to correct any wrong impressions [about Helen House, Britain's hospice for children]:

1. Our children belong at home with their families and just come to stay in Helen House from time to time. Families are welcome to come too.

2. Although most of our children do have a life-threatening illness of one kind or another, many of them have months and years of LIFE in front of them and we want to help them and their families to live life as fully and as happily as they can.

3. The strain and the loneliness for our families can be very great. We do not offer anything complex or sophisticated but try to be sensitive in responding to the very different individual needs of each family by giving support, using practical skills, and sharing a very ordinary kind of friendship.

4. Many of our children may only spend a few nights a year in Helen House itself, but through frequent telephone calls, letters or home visits we and they feel we share a very close friendship. For some perhaps we are able to take the place of the extended family so rarely in evidence now in our society.
Environment, Epidemics and State Response in Ibadan, Western Nigeria, 1918–1939
Authors: Seriki Kazeem Omotola , Odediji Abosede Oluwaseun
Published: January 2025

This study draws on environmental history optics in exploring the complex interplay between environmental issues and the outbreak of epidemics in colonial Ibadan, Western Nigeria. The historiography of the environment and epidemics in colonial Ibadan is still relatively underdeveloped. In light of this, the paper fills a crucial gap in Ibadan’s historiography by illuminating its urban development amidst environmental issues and epidemics during the inter-war years (1918–1939). The study adopts a historical methodology by utilizing primary and secondary sources. The paper establishes that rapid population growth and urbanization in colonial Ibadan led to overcrowding, poor waste management, limited access to clean water and poor sanitary practices. Consequently, these environmental conditions created a breeding ground for an upsurge of epidemics such as Ṣọ̀pọ̀ná plague and yellow fever. The paper posits that the colonial authorities implemented some governance strategies and interventions such as demographic restructuring, the establishment of hospitals, sanitary and health care facilities, banning the Ṣọ̀pọ̀ná cult, anti-mosquito campaigns, quarantine and vaccinations. The paper concludes the measures introduced by the colonial state to curtail environmental issues and epidemics in the city were impeded by a number of limitations.
Comparison of efficacy, safety, and cost between ultrasonography and fluoroscopy-ultrasonography as a target device in extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy in kidney stones less than 1.5 centimeters
Authors: Duarsa Gede Wirya Kusuma , Firman Pribadi
Published: January 2025

Background: Kidney stones are the most common case in the field of urology, particularly in Indonesia. Extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL) is one of the therapeutic modalities with the aid of fluoroscopy and/or ultrasonography to visualize the location of the stone. To date, there is no research in Indonesia on the efficacy, safety and cost compatibility between ESWL and their implementation in various hospitals. This study aimed to compare the efficacy, safety and cost of fluoroscopy-ultrasonography-guided ESWL (FU-ESWL) and ultrasonography-guided ESWL (U-ESWL) as target devices in type-C hospitals in Denpasar.
Methods: This research is a quantitative study with a prospective cohort approach that involved two group pre-post-test designs. The intervention was performed using the target device of FU-ESWL at Surya Husadha Hospital and U-ESWL at Balimed Hospital. The population of this study was patients with kidney stones less than 1.5 cm who underwent ESWL. The post-treatment assessment was the efficacy (stone size, stone-free rate (SFR), frequency, re-treatment, auxiliary procedure), safety (complication) and cost (unit cost, perceived cost, actual cost, Average Cost Effectiveness Ratio (ACER), Efficiency Quotient (EQ)).
Results: After treatment, the FU-ESWL group showed a smaller remaining stone size than the U-ESWL group. The ESWL frequency and re-treatment in FU-ESWL showed significantly better results than in U-ESWL. No significant differences in complication and SFR between the two groups. The unit cost of FU-ESWL was significantly higher than U-ESWL. However, the perceived cost and actual cost were not significantly different between the two groups. Moreover, the cost aspect of the average cost-effectiveness ratio (ACER) and efficiency Quotient (EQ) of FU-ESWL is better than U-ESWL.
Conclusion: The combination targeting of FU-ESWL has better efficacy, ACER and EQ than U-ESWL.  However, no significant differences were found in complication and SFR between the two groups. Important findings in this research are expected to contribute to monitoring and evaluating the national health insurance implementation in the field of Urology.
Prevention, identification and reduction of dementia risk factors in transgender elders
Authors: Noventi Iis , Winoto Priyo Mukti Pribadi , Wardani Erika Martining , Hasina Siti Nur , Putri Rahmadaniar Aditya
Published: January 2025

Introduction: A number of health inequalities experienced by the Transgender community can increase the risk of dementia. The condition is getting worse because of the inequality in health services and lack of support from the family. This study aims to analyze the prevention, identification, reduction of the risk of dementia in the transgender elders.
Method: This is a cross-sectional study which involved two groups of participants: transgender elders and normal elders. All variables potential of risk factors of dementia were assessed, and dementia assessment was done by three instruments: Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE), Mini-Cog and Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS). All data were analyzed for their distribution.
Results: There were 30 elders in this study in which 15 of them were transgender (50%). All participants were Muslim males, whom had not been married. Most of transgender elders had highest education in senior high school (transgender elders 66.8% vs normal elders 53.3%) and were self-employed (60% vs 0%). All transgender elders practised exercise, nonetheless, more than half of them had history of hypertension (53.3% vs 73.3%), diabetes (60% vs 46.7%), dyslipidemia (66.7% vs 40%) and obesity (60% vs 13.3%). Higher consumption of alcohol was seen in transgender group (80% vs 13.3%). Majority of transgender participants had experienced sleep disorders (66.7% vs 93.3%). MMSE assessment showed higher incidence of cognitive impairment in the normal elders group (transgender 40% vs normal elder 53.3%), whereas transgender elders mostly showed no cognitive impairment in their group (46.7% vs 20%). However, Mini-Cog assessment showed that there were less transgender elders who were able to repeat 3 words compared to normal elders (33.4% vs 40%). GDS assessment showed that most of transgender elders had no depression (73.3%), while most of the normal elders had mild depression (60%).
Conclusion: This study shows that cognitive health of transgender people differs from that of the non-transgender or normal elders in proportion, with the normal elders group reporting more than twice as much depression and cognitive disability as transgender elders.
Different clinicopathological characteristics in Indonesian colorectal patients with RAS mutations and LC3 over-expression: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Andreas Rio , Rudiman Reno , Lukman Kiki , Sulthana Bambang Am Am Setya , Purnama Andriana , Putra Mochammad Riskie Aditya , Nugraha Prapanca , Primastari Etis
Published: January 2025

Link of Video Abstract: https://youtu.be/9Gip7ztxLJk
 
Background: Colorectal cancer is reaching the third highest incidence globally, including in Indonesia. Members of the RAS family are frequently discovered in colorectal cancers and may be a contributing factor for the successfulness of anti-epidermal growth factor receptor monoclonal antibodies therapy. Microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3 (LC3) is one of the autophagy markers in colorectal cancer cells routinely tested. The relevance of RAS mutation and expression of LC3 as a prognostic factor in CRC has so far only been discussed in several reports. This study aimed to describe the different clinicopathological characteristics of colorectal patients with mutations of the RAS family and LC3 overexpression.
Methods: This study was a cross-sectional study, and the subjects for this study were patient from the Digestive Surgery division at the Tertiary Hospital in West Java, Indonesia with colorectal cancer. A total of 40 study subjects were included in this study. Examination of RAS mutations was carried out by polymerase chain reaction. Meanwhile, the LC3 examination was performed with immunohistochemistry.
Results: The RAS family mutation, which is a mutation of either KRAS, NRAS, or both, was shown in 22 (55%) colorectal cancer patients, and a positive LC3 test was shown in 24 (60%) patients. A univariate analysis of the mutations of the RAS family and expression of the LC3 showed non-significant relationships.
Conclusion: No association observed between RAS family mutations and LC3 expression in colorectal cancer patients.
Efficacy and safety of microsurgical varicocelectomy with subinguinal and inguinal approaches: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Wahyu Ali Muhammad , Sangadji Agung Ravi Saputra , Azmi Yufi Aulia , Rizaldi Fikri , Soebadi Doddy Moesbadianto
Published: January 2025

Link of Video Abstract: https://youtu.be/AfvCd6OEtcY
 
Introduction: Microsurgical varicocelectomy is the gold standard for varicocele therapy because it has a higher success rate and minimal complication rate than other surgical modalities. This review aims to directly compare the efficacy and safety of inguinal and subinguinal varicocelectomy microsurgery.
Method: This study conducted based on Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analyses guidelines. Articles examining the comparison of inguinal micro-varicolectomy compared to subinguinal in patients with varicoceles undergoing varicocele surgical procedures were systematically reviewed from the PubMed, ScienceDirect, and Scopus databases. Randomized Controlled Trials (RCT) studies’ quality was determined using the RoB Tool v2: for randomized trials. Risk Ratio with a 95% confidence interval is applied to the measurement of research outcomes. The analysis is performed with RevMan 5.4 software. This research protocol is listed in the PROSPERO register.
Result: A total of 293 study subjects were included from three articles in the study. Inguinal micro-varicocelectomy has a faster operating time outcome than the subinguinal approach (MD: -3.81 95% CI -6.41-1.21; p = 0.004) but has a higher postoperative visual analog pain scale (VAS) outcome (MD: -0.44 95% CI 0.85-0.03; p = 0.03).
Conclusion: There were no significant differences in the outcome of hydrocele incidence, the degree of recurrence, or the number of veins that were ligated after surgery. Micro-varicocelectomy with the inguinal approach has the advantage of faster operating time than the subingunal approach but has a higher pain rate than the subinguinal approach. We suggest the sub-inguinal rather than inguinal approach because of the higher number of benefits.
SOD2 and HIF-1α expression in rat ovaries (Rattus norvegicus) administered with forest bee honey (Apis dorsata) following physical stress
Authors: Plumeriastuti Hani , Widjiati Widjiati  , Annise Proboningrat  , Mey Vanda Pusparina Sajida
Published: January 2025

Introduction: Excessive physical activity can pose risks to various organs due to induced stress. This study aims to investigate the impact of the supplementation of wild bee honey on the expression of SOD2 and HIF-1α in rats undergoing the forced swimming test (FST) as a model of physical stress.
Methods: As many as 24 adult female rats were categorized into four groups: control (C) with FST only; (T1) FST and honey supplementation of 2 g/day; (T2) FST and honey supplementation of 4 g/day; and (T3) FST and honey supplementation of 6 g/day. The FST was conducted for 5 minutes daily over a period of 14 days. The collected ovaries were histopathologically prepared and subjected to immunohistochemical staining for SOD and HIF-1α proteins.
Results: The findings of this study revealed an increase in SOD2 expression in the group supplemented with honey. Similarly, HIF-1α expression exhibited a similar trend, with a decrease observed in the group receiving 6 g/day of honey. However, these three parameters did not demonstrate significant differences among them.
Conclusion: In conclusion, honey supplementation does not significantly influence the expression of SOD2 and HIF-1α in the ovarian follicles of rat models subjected to physical stress.
Efficacy and safety of topical doxycycline reduce MMP-9 expression towards populations with corneal alkali burn
Authors: Juwita Anindita
Published: January 2025

Introduction: Alkali ocular injury causes disintegration of the cornea by changes in pH level, proteolysis, ulceration, and impairment of collagen synthesis. Doxycycline was found to alter the remodeling of human conjunctival and skin fibroblasts. Doxycycline also reduced collagenolytic degradation of the cornea due to chemical injury by inhibiting matrix metalloprotease (MMP) activity, including in other non-infectious corneal ulcers. This study aimed to determine the efficacy and safety of topical doxycycline to manage corneal alkali burns. A systematic review was conducted in adherence to the PRISMA statement.
Method: Searching was conducted in five databases and inclusion and exclusion criteria were applied afterwards. Three studies were found, considered good, and eligible for inclusion after appraisal using SYRCLE critical appraisal tools for animal studies. All studies used mice models.
Result: We found a significant reduction of IL-1β, IL-6, MMP-8, MMP-9, α-SMA, and NF-κB by doxycycline usage starting from two days of usage. In addition, mRNA angiogenic factors and corneal neovascularization decreased after doxycycline usage. This contributes to better corneal repair after trauma, reflected by better corneal healing and opacity scores after doxycycline usage compared to other groups.
Conclusion: Doxycycline management improved outcomes for patients with corneal alkali burn by decreasing inflammatory cytokine and promoting tissue repair.
Quantitative Nuclear Histomorphometry for distinguishing Undifferentiated Carcinoma from Non-Hodgkin’s Malignant Lymphoma and Benign Mimics
Authors: Hermin Aminah Usman  , Okky Husain  , Hasrayati Agustina  , Widyawardana Adiprawita
Published: January 2025

Background: Undifferentiated carcinomas visually cannot be discriminated from Non-Hodgkin’s Malignant Lymphomas (NHMLs) and need additional immunohistochemistry (IHC) examination. Some benign lesions are also mimicking the case above. Not every anatomical pathology laboratory is capable of performing IHC exams. Quantitative Nuclear Histomorphometry (QNH) is a computer-aided image analysis of digitized pathology image analysis. The aim of this study is to measure the accuracy of QNH to distinguish undifferentiated neoplasms and their benign as a potential for triagning IHC exams.
Methods: Histopathological slides of undifferentiated carcinomas, NHMLs, and benign lesions that IHC has confirmed are collected.  A series of images from selected regions of interest from Hematoxylin and Eosin (HE) slides are acquired under 100X and 400X magnifications. Hematoxylin-only images are generated from HE photomicrograph, further segmented, and its nuclear features are extracted. Features are further detailed in its five number summaries. One-vs-rest (OvR) lasso regression was performed to select relevant features. Other OvR binary logistical regressions are performed to create models for predicting diagnosis. The sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of each prediction model are measured. Cohen’s kappa score measures interobserver reliabilities between model.
Results: A sum of 31 cases were collected. A total of 344 and 670 PNG formatted of 1376 x 1038 pixels microphotographs from 100x and 400x magnification are acquired. Up to 300 thousand objects under 400x magnification and >1 million objects under 100x magnification are extracted.  Benign lesions significantly (p<0.01) higher number of objects per image compared to both carcinomas and NHMLs. A total of 20 features for 100X magnification and 23 features for 400X magnification were selected based on Lasso Regressions. At image level, the accuracy of the model prediction under 100X and 400X magnification, each are 77.6% (p<0.01) and 83.6% (p<0.01). At slide levels in all magnification, model prediction accuracy of each magnification are (100X: 71.09%, 400X: 87.1%) compared to HE diagnosis accuracy (83.9%).
Conclusion: The QNH can be used to predict and triaging undifferentiated carcinomas, NHMLs, and benign lesions before further examination. The QNH assessment also showed high reproducibility and more objective assessment in diagnosis.
Effect of low-intensity resistance training with blood flow restriction on isometric quadriceps peak torque in knee osteoarthritis
Authors: Sari Alvita , Andriana Meisy , Pawana I Putu Alit , Tinduh Damayanti , Utomo Dwikora Novembri , Melaniani Soenarnatalina
Published: January 2025

Link of Video Abstract: https://youtu.be/hs2pfwEtKIk
 
Background: Knee osteoarthritis (OA) is one of the most common chronic progressive diseases impacting people worldwide. Quadriceps muscle weakness contributes to knee-OA-related functional decline. Traditional interventions aimed at increasing muscle strength in knee-OA commonly involve high-intensity resistance training but may result in joint pain due to high compressive forces. An isometric test may be better performed with a lower level of fatigue and obtain greater tolerance for knee-OA subjects due to their articular manifestations. Current recommendations for knee-OA include low-intensity resistance training (LI-RT) performed with blood flow restriction (BFR), a potential intervention for a patient who does not tolerate high loads due to lower mechanical stress. The aim of this study is to determine the effects of blood flow restriction with a low-intensity resistance training program for six weeks on quadriceps muscle strength using an isokinetic dynamometer in patients with knee OA.
Methods: Twenty-eight patients aged 50-70 years old with knee-OA in Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Outpatient Clinic Soetomo Hospital Surabaya were randomized into the control group (CG) and intervention group (IG). Both groups underwent a 6-week supervised training program consisting of LI-RT (30% 1-RM) two sessions/week. The intervention group received an additional application of blood flow restriction on 1/3 of the upper thigh with 50 mmHg occlusion pressure. Both groups were assessed for muscle strength by isometric quadriceps peak torque using an isokinetic dynamometer before and after the protocol.
Results: Significant increases were found for isometric peak torque of quadriceps between pre and post-evaluations for LI-RT + BFR group / IG (p-value 0.000) and LI-RT group / CG (p-value 0.002). There was a significant difference in isometric peak torque improvement between the two groups (p-value 0.043). The efficiency of training time in the blood flow restriction group had a larger effect size value.
Conclusion: Low-intensity resistance training with BFR was more effective in enhancing the isometric peak torque of quadriceps compared with the low-intensity resistance training only, so it could be added as an alternative intervention for knee-OA patients.
The autoinoculation approach for treating viral warts: a literature review
Authors: Kusumaputra Bagus Haryo , Listiawan Muhammad Yulianto , Tariza Ferina Oktariani , Sari Maylita , Citrashanty Irmadita
Published: January 2025

Link of Video Abstract: https://youtu.be/J0tXHVPgwM8
 
Viral warts are infections caused by the human papillomavirus (HPV) that commonly appear worldwide and at all ages. The autoinoculation treatment method of inducing the body's immune response seems to be a therapeutic option for recalcitrant viral warts. Several autoinoculation therapy techniques can be used for viral warts, which will be discussed in this review. This study aims to evaluate the autoinoculation approach for treating viral warts as a literature review. This study compiles previous eligible studies from authoritative articles published in several online databases. Autoinoculation therapy is easy to perform and does not require sophisticated equipment. It has good efficacy, where complete remission occurs in 60–75% of cases. However, there was no response in the range of 2.5 to 31% of patients. There were no harmful side effects from this treatment. Autoinoculation therapy is an inexpensive and simple technique that may be considered in multiple warts, high recurrence, and hard-to-reach areas.