bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Artificial magnetic conductor with self‐complementary unit cells having very high angular stability
Authors: Sarkar S. , Gupta B.
Published: April 2020

This Letter presents an artificial magnetic conductor (AMC) with self‐complementary unit cells (SCUCs). The use of SCUCs results in very high angular stability of the structure; up to an incident angle of 88° for both transverse electric and transverse magnetic polarised incident waves with no shift in resonant frequency f0. No other structure in the literature has zero frequency shifts throughout the whole range of incident angle variations. Another interesting feature of this structure is the gradual increase of the ±90° reflection phase bandwidth with an increase in E‐field polarisation angle from φ = 0° to φ = 90° while maintaining the same f0. These two features make the structure unique and useful in applications where angular stability and polarisation independent f0 are the primary concerns.
A deep X-ray spectral imaging of the bow-shock pulsar wind nebula associated with PSR B1929+10
Authors: Kim S. I. , Hui C. Y. , Lee J. , Oh K. , Lin L. C. C. , Takata J.
Published: April 2020

In this work, we study the X-ray bow-shock nebula powered by the mature pulsar PSR B1929+10 using data from XMM-Newton, with an effective exposure of ∼300 ks, offering the deepest investigation of this system thus far. We found the X-ray axial outflow extends as long as ∼8 arc minute behind the proper motion direction, which is a factor of two longer than the result reported in the previous study. Furthermore, we found evidence of two faint lateral outflows extending laterally with respect to the proper motion. We also found indications of spectral hardening along the axial outflow, suggesting that certain acceleration processes might occur along this feature.
Validating nuclear data uncertainties obtained from a statistical analysis of experimental data with the “Physical Uncertainty Bounds” method
Authors: Neudecker Denise , White Morgan Curtis , Vaughan Diane Elizabeth , Srinivasan Gowri
Published: April 2020

Concerns within the nuclear data community led to substantial increases of Neutron Data Standards (NDS) uncertainties from its previous to the current version. For example, those associated with the NDS reference cross section 239Pu(n,f) increased from 0.6–1.6% to 1.3–1.7% from 0.1–20 MeV. These cross sections, among others, were adopted, e.g., by ENDF/B-VII.1 (previous NDS) and ENDF/B-VIII.0 (current NDS). There has been a strong desire to be able to validate these increases based on objective criteria given their impact on our understanding of various application uncertainties. Here, the “Physical Uncertainty Bounds” method (PUBs) by Vaughan et al. is applied to validate evaluated uncertainties obtained by a statistical analysis of experimental data. We investigate with PUBs whether ENDF/B-VII.1 or ENDF/B-VIII.0 239Pu(n,f) cross-section uncertainties are more realistic given the information content used for the actual evaluation. It is shown that the associated conservative (1.5–1.8%) and minimal realistic (1.1–1.3%) uncertainty bounds obtained by PUBs enclose ENDF/B-VIII.0 uncertainties and indicate that ENDF/B-VII.1 uncertainties are underestimated.
Applying process-based models to the Borssele scenario
Authors: Brown J.E. , Beresford N.A. , Hosseini A. , Barnett C.L.
Published: April 2020

The objective of this paper is to consider the implications of employing process-based models on predictions for radionuclide activity concentrations in grass and cow milk. The FDMT (Food Chain and Dose Module for Terrestrial Pathways as used in the JRODOS and ARGOS decision support systems) model has been transferred to a modelling platform enabling sub-models to be modified and replaced. Primarily, this has involved invoking process-based models for 137Cs and 90Sr that account for soil chemistry in simulating bioavailability and plant transfer. The implementation of such models can lead to quite dramatic differences in predicted activity concentrations of radionuclides in grass and milk compared to a default FDMT set-up for time periods later than a few weeks post deposition. Considering transfer within a spatial context, by combining information from the outputs of process-based models with illustrative soil maps, leads to the observation that the most elevated 137Cs and 90Sr concentrations in grass and milk might not necessarily occur in areas where deposition is highest. Not accounting for soil type when modelling food chain transfer might lead to the sub-optimal allocation of resources or misidentification of the most vulnerable areas in the long-term after an accidental release.
To What Extent is Leader-member Exchange and Psychological Safety Able to Influence Counterproductive Work Behavior? Evidence from the Hospitality Industry in Surabaya, Indonesia
Authors: Oktavio Adrie
Published: April 2020

Counterproductive work behavior (CWB) is a form of behavioral and unethical deviation that can threaten the existence of companies including the hotel industries that uphold the values of hospitality in their services. This study analyzes how CWB can be anticipated or minimized its appearance through the improvement of leader-member exchange (LMX) and psychological safety quality relationships as its mediation. The results of the study using the SmartPLS analysis tool on 124 hotel employees showed that LMX directly had a negative influence on CWB. On the other hand, LMX had a positive effect on psychological safety. However, psychological safety did not have an influence on CWB, so psychological safety is also unable to act as mediation in this research model.
Importance Performance Analysis (IPA) Visitors’ Satisfaction of Ecotourism in Bangka Belitung, Indonesia: Tracking the Messages to Stakeholders
Authors: Ibrahim Ibrahim , Zukhri Nizwan , Rendy Rendy
Published: April 2020

The satisfaction of visitors is an important part of developing tourism. Knowing satisfactory of the visitor and the dimension will be advantage and weakness of a tourism visit, stakeholders are able to figure out what must be done. This study used the Importance Performance Analysis (IPA) method to find out the satisfactory of visitors. There are some interesting findings in this study, such as the fact that Bangka Belitung visitors’ satisfactory is quite high, but the disparity of visitors’ satisfaction is quite high and put Belitung on the good quadrant. However, Bangka needs more concern. This study also found that supporting facilities and transportation still become a serious problem. On the other side, the value of eco-tourism has not met the standard, such as education, environment protection, and voluntarism value. The local Stakeholders need to put extra concern on supporting facilities and maintain that has been considered as good, such as the natural beauty and the locals’ hospitality.
Measuring Repurchase Intention on Fashion Online Shopping
Authors: Syifa Johan Ivanna , Indriyani Ratih , Vincēviča-Gaile Zane
Published: April 2020

The internet has become one of many ways for consumers to shop. With the rapid development of internet connection, online shopping has become increasingly popular around the world. All forms of conveniences available through online businesses have lured consumers to switch from offline shopping to online slowly. This research emphasizes the influence of e-service convenience on customer satisfaction, perceived service value, and repurchase intention on fashion online shopping websites in Surabaya. The sample is taken from 115 Surabaya respondents. The sampling technique uses a non-random sampling technique. The analytical method used is the partial least square (PLS). The results show that e-service convenience has a significant impact on customer satisfaction, customer satisfaction has a significant impact on repurchase intention, e-service convenience has a significant impact on repurchase intention, and perceived value has a significant impact on repurchase intention. The results also show the importance of customer satisfaction which influences repurchase intention. Online fashion business owners must promote their websites so that more consumers know about the existence of online shopping fashion websites. Business owners must also increase the convenience and comfort of consumers in shopping online.
Effects of Subjective Norms, Perceived Behavioral Control, Perceived Risk, and Perceived Usefulness towards Intention to Use Credit Cards in Surabaya, Indonesia
Authors: Anastasia Njo , Santoso Samiaji
Published: April 2020

Credit cards are becoming one of the most-used method of payment, both domestic and overseas. Consumers need not hassle with carrying cash to pay, hence reducing the risk of losing your money. Credit cards however, have their own drawback as it can be hacked, resulting in the breach of personal information by a third party, and abusing it to make transactions unknown to the card owner. This phenomenon is still in debate among credit card holders. As such, the purpose of this study is to test the effects of subjective norms, perceived behavioral control, perceived risk, and perceived usefulness towards the intention to use credit cards. Psychological factor and risk level becomes a challenge to card holders when they are making a transaction. Purposive sampling technique is used to gather data through questionnaire spread in both hardcopy and online to 100 credit card owners in Surabaya. Data is then processed using Partial Least Square (PLS). Analyzation result shows subjective norms, perceived behavioral control, and perceived usefulness significantly affects the intention to use credit cards, while perceived risk does not. The result of this study shows that by fully understanding both the advantages and disadvantages of credit cards, consumers can use it to make better financial planning, and not making transactions that leads to a certain lifestyle.
The Impact of Product Knowledge and Product Involvement to Repurchase Intention for Tupperware Products among Housewives in Surabaya, Indonesia
Authors: Elsya Priscillia , Indriyani Ratih
Published: April 2020

The number of consumers can be used as a measuring tool in determining the company's sales success. Repurchase intention reflects the needs of consumers in repeat purchasing patterns. Factors that can increase repurchase intention are knowledge of products and consumer involvement with products. Product knowledge can increase repurchase intention because with the information about the quality of the product can trigger repeat purchases. Also, product involvement can increase repurchase intention because the consumers can evaluate the products directly and decide to purchase another product that has met their needs This study aims to measure the effect of product knowledge on repurchase intention and the effect of product involvement on repurchase intention on Tupperware products for Surabaya market. The research is using a quantitative approach, and take a sample from housewives who reside in Surabaya. Data are collected through questionnaires distributed to 150 people. Only 102 questionnaires are valid. Then, the data are processed using SPSS. The results show that product knowledge affects repurchase intention and product involvement significantly affects repurchase intention in Tupperware products among housewives in Surabaya, Indonesia.
Logistic Service Quality and Customer Satisfaction to Customer Retention on Rice Producer Industry
Authors: Nugroho Samuel , Kempa Sesilya , Wiliater Soaloon Panjaitan Togar
Published: April 2020

Good quality logistic services from the company can make customers feel satisfied and make purchases back to the company. in the form of rice shops will This study aims to look at the effect of logistic service quality on customer retention through customer satisfaction. This study investigates the service quality of logistic providers that are hired by the rice producers in distributing rice to rice retailers. The samples in this study are 36 rice retailers who have used logistic services at least two times. Data obtained from the questionnaire are processed using partial least square (PLS). The results of this study provide evidence that logistic service quality affects customer retention and customer satisfaction. Further results show that dissatisfied customers will significantly reduce customer retention with a statistical value of 2.754. Intervening results in this study indicate that there is an influence between logistic service quality on customer retention through customer satisfaction.
Reflexionen und Analysen zu Geschlecht, Gender und Diversität in der Palliativmedizinischen Forschung – Wie können wir Intersektionalität in unserer wissenschaftlichen Praxis umsetzen?
Authors: Verdonk Petra , Gawinski Laura , Herbst Franziska A. , Ewertowski Helen , van Baal Katharina , Schrader Sophie , Zimansky Manuel , Afshar Kambiz , Schneider Nils , Stiel Stephanie
Published: April 2020

Hintergrund Intersektionalität beschreibt die Zusammenhänge unterschiedlicher Formen und Dimensionen von Diversität. Intersektionale Ansätze können helfen, Forschungsergebnisse zu erklären, deren Validität zu verbessern und wirksame Gesundheitsprogramme abzuleiten.

Ziel Der Beitrag hat zum Ziel aufzuzeigen, wie Intersektionalität in die Forschung implementiert werden kann.

Methoden In einem Workshop wurde ein Fall aus einer Feldbeobachtung intersektionell nach einem Modell von Bilge analysiert. Reflexionen wurden verschriftlicht und in einem iterativen Prozess ergänzt.

Ergebnisse Drei zentrale Themen wurden identifiziert: (1) Autonomie und Würde im Umgang mit der Körperlichkeit und Nacktheit einer Patientin, (2) professionelle Interaktionen am Beispiel fehlender gemeinsamer Entscheidungsfindung und Behandlungsplanung sowie (3) Reflexivität am Beispiel voreingenommener Perspektiven der Akteure.

Schlussfolgerungen Die verwendete Methodologie kann dazu dienen, Sensibilität hinsichtlich Diversität und Intersektionalität in der medizinischen Forschung zu fördern.
Are adenoma and serrated polyp detection rates correlated with endoscopists’ sensitivity of optical diagnosis?
Authors: Bronzwaer Maxime E. S. , Vleugels Jasper L. A. , van Doorn Sascha C. , Dijkgraaf Marcel G. W. , Fockens Paul , Dekker Evelien ,   on behalf of the DISCOUNT-2 study group
Published: April 2020

Introduction Endoscopists with a high adenoma detection rate (ADR) and proximal serrated polyp detection rate (PSPDR) detect these polyps more frequently, which may be attributable to better recognition of their endoscopic features. Little is known about the association between endoscopic lesion detection and differentiation skills. Therefore, we evaluated the correlation between the ADR, PSPDR, and the sensitivity of optical diagnosis for adenomas and serrated polyps.

Methods We performed an exploratory post-hoc analysis of the DISCOUNT-2 study, including complete colonoscopies after a positive fecal immunochemical test (FIT) performed by endoscopists who performed ≥ 50 colonoscopies. The correlations between the ADR, PSPDR, and the sensitivity of optical diagnosis were calculated using Pearson’s rho correlation coefficient.

Results 24 endoscopists performed ≥ 50 colonoscopies, resulting in a total of 2889 colonoscopies. The overall ADR was 84.5 % (range 71.4 % – 95.3 %) and overall PSPDR was 13.7 % (4.3 % – 29.0 %). The sensitivity of optical diagnosis for adenomas and serrated polyps were 94.5 % (83.3 % – 100 %) and 74.0 % (37.5 % – 94.1 %), respectively. No correlation could be demonstrated between the ADR and the sensitivity of optical diagnosis for adenomas (−0.20; P = 0.35) or between the PSPDR and the sensitivity of optical diagnosis for serrated polyps (−0.12; P = 0.57).

Conclusions In a homogeneous FIT-positive population, no correlation between the ADR, PSPDR, and the sensitivity of optical diagnosis for adenomas and serrated polyps could be demonstrated. These exploratory results suggest that lesion detection and differentiation require different endoscopic skills. Further prospective studies are needed; until then, monitoring of both performance indicators is important to secure optimal efficacy of FIT-based colorectal cancer screening.
Lesões do Aquiles – Parte 2: Rupturas
Authors: Mansur Nacime Salomão Barbachan , Fonseca Lucas Furtado , Matsunaga Fábio Teruo , Baumfeld Daniel Soares , Nery Caio Augusto de Souza , Tamaoki Marcel Jun Sugawara
Published: April 2020

A crescente incidência de rupturas do tendão calcâneo tem impactado substancialmente o cuidado ortopédico e os custos relacionados ao seu tratamento e prevenção. Motivada principalmente pelo aumento da expectativa de vida, o crescimento do uso de drogas tenotóxicas e o acesso errático à atividade física, essa lesão gera morbidade considerável aos pacientes qualquer seja o desfecho a ser considerado. A evolução das técnicas cirúrgicas e de reabilitação permitiu que ortopedistas, nos últimos anos, tivessem melhores condições para decidir a conduta mais apropriada nas roturas agudas do tendão calcâneo. Por mais que ainda frequentes pela sua alta taxa de negligência, as rupturas crônicas do Aquiles hoje encontram opções operatórias biológicas mais simples e são amparadas por um novo paradigma que se debruça sobre a especialidade.
PROSTHETIC REHABILITATION OF EXTRA-ORAL DEFECTS WITH SILICONE PROSTHESIS
Authors: Alva Harshitha , D. Krishna Prasad , Shetty Manoj
Published: April 2020

Man's need for artificial replacements to supply missing or lost body parts has probably existed as long as man himself. Body abnormalities or defects compromise appearance, function and render an individual incapable of leading a relatively normal life. Extraoral defects involving ear, eye, nose, finger and few others are commonly encountered. Prosthetic restoration of these facial defects is an ancient art, in which success has always been limited due to the unavailability of adequate materials or because the available materials do not fulfil the ideal requirements. The most accepted materials today are the silicones because of their better esthetics.

This paper presents prosthetic rehabilitation of the distal phalynx of left index finger with custom-made silicone prosthesis.
LAPAROSCOPIC ADRENALECTOMY IN PEDIATRIC PATIENTS - A REPORT OF 2 CASES.
Authors: Rai Sandeep B. , Ballal Rajesh , Shankar Raghu
Published: April 2020

Reporting on the laparoscopic technique for adrenal disease in children and adolescents has been limited. Laparoscopic adrenalectomy are been performed in selected patients in centers with advanced laparoscopic expertise. Here we report two cases of laparoscopic adrenalectomy done for functional adrenal tumors in pediatric patients.
Applying FAIRness: Redesigning a Biomedical Informatics Research Data Management Pipeline
Authors: Parciak Marcel , Bender Theresa , Sax Ulrich , Bauer Christian Robert
Published: April 2020

Background Managing research data in biomedical informatics research requires solid data governance rules to guarantee sustainable operation, as it generally involves several professions and multiple sites. As every discipline involved in biomedical research applies its own set of tools and methods, research data as well as applied methods tend to branch out into numerous intermediate and output data objects, making it very difficult to reproduce research results.

Objectives This article gives an overview of our implementation status applying the Findability, Accessibility, Interoperability and Reusability (FAIR) Guiding Principles for scientific data management and stewardship onto our research data management pipeline focusing on the software tools that are in use.

Methods We analyzed our progress FAIRificating the whole data management pipeline, from processing non-FAIR data up to data usage. We looked at software tools for data integration, data storage, and data usage as well as how the FAIR Guiding Principles helped to choose appropriate tools for each task.

Results We were able to advance the degree of FAIRness of our data integration as well as data storage solutions, but lack enabling more FAIR Guiding Principles regarding Data Usage. Existing evaluation methods regarding the FAIR Guiding Principles (FAIRmetrics) were not applicable to our analysis of software tools.

Conclusion Using the FAIR Guiding Principles, we FAIRificated relevant parts of our research data management pipeline improving findability, accessibility, interoperability and reuse of datasets and research results. We aim to implement the FAIRmetrics to our data management infrastructure and—where required—to contribute to the FAIRmetrics for research data in the biomedical informatics domain as well as for software tools to achieve a higher degree of FAIRness of our research data management pipeline.
Leveraging Electronic Dental Record Data for Clinical Research in the National Dental PBRN Practices
Authors: Thyvalikakath Thankam Paul , Duncan William D. , Siddiqui Zasim , LaPradd Michelle , Eckert George , Schleyer Titus , Rindal Donald Brad , Jurkovich Mark , Shea Tracy , Gilbert Gregg H. ,   National Dental PBRN Collaborative Group
Published: April 2020

Objectives The aim of this study is to determine the feasibility of conducting clinical research using electronic dental record (EDR) data from U.S. solo and small-group general dental practices in the National Dental Practice-Based Research Network (network) and evaluate the data completeness and correctness before performing survival analyses of root canal treatment (RCT) and posterior composite restorations (PCR).

Methods Ninety-nine network general dentistry practices that used Dentrix or EagleSoft EDR shared de-identified data of patients who received PCR and/or RCT on permanent teeth through October 31, 2015. We evaluated the data completeness and correctness, summarized practice, and patient characteristics and summarized the two treatments by tooth type and arch location.

Results Eighty-two percent of practitioners were male, with a mean age of 49 and 22.4 years of clinical experience. The final dataset comprised 217,887 patients and 11,289,594 observations, with the observation period ranging from 0 to 37 years. Most patients (73%) were 18 to 64 years old; 56% were female. The data were nearly 100% complete. Eight percent of observations had incorrect data, such as incorrect tooth number or surface, primary teeth, supernumerary teeth, and tooth ranges, indicating multitooth procedures instead of PCR or RCT. Seventy-three percent of patients had dental insurance information; 27% lacked any insurance information. While gender was documented for all patients, race/ethnicity was missing in the dataset.

Conclusion This study established the feasibility of using EDR data integrated from multiple distinct solo and small-group network practices for longitudinal studies to assess treatment outcomes. The results laid the groundwork for a learning health system that enables practitioners to learn about their patients' outcomes by using data from their own practice.
Posicionamento atual sobre vitamina D na prática clínica: Posicionamento da Associação Brasileira de Nutrologia (Abran)
Authors: Ribas Filho Durval , de Almeida Carlos Alberto Nogueira , de Oliveira Filho Antônio Elias
Published: April 2020

Objetivo Estabelecer um posicionamento a fim de padronizar as recomendações da Associação Brasileira de Nutrologia quanto ao manejo da deficiência de vitamina D na prática clínica, em relação aos critérios de investigação, diagnóstico, tratamento e prevenção.

Métodos Foi realizada revisão da literatura nas bases de dados PubMed, Lilacs e SciELO, até julho de 2019.

Resultados Considerando-se as novas informações obtidas da literatura em relação aos guidelines americanos e brasileiros já conhecidos, os autores redigiram o presente posicionamento que foi aprovado pela diretoria da Associação Brasileira de Nutrologia.

Conclusões Após extensa análise crítica da literatura recente, foi apresentada uma atualização científica sobre a hipovitaminose D, que resultou no presente posicionamento e recomendações da Associação Brasileira de Nutrologia sobre o manejo da deficiência de vitamina D no Brasil.
Novel Mutations Involved in Charcot-Marie-Tooth 4C and Intrafamilial Variability: Let's Not Miss the Forest for the Trees
Authors: Gogou Maria , Pavlou Evangelos , Kimiskidis Vasilios , Kouskouras Konstantinos , Pavlidou Efterpi , Papadopoulos Theophanis , Haidopoulou Katerina , Fidani Liana
Published: April 2020

Charcot-Marie-Tooth 4C is characterized by early-onset, rapid progression, and mainly associated with SH3TC2 gene mutations. We reported a male patient carrying a novel heterozygous nonsense mutation in SH3TC2 gene along with a heterozygous known pathogenic mutation. Symptoms began at 15 months and by 14 years, he presented significant motor impairment. Both parents exhibited one of the mutations in the heterozygous state, while his 8-year-old brother carried the same compound heterozygosity, showing only a mild phenotype. In our case, we discussed the contribution of compound heterozygosity to intrafamilial variability in Charcot-Marie-Tooth and the role of modifying genes.
Microsurgical Strategies for Prophylaxis of Cancer-Related Extremity Lymphedema: A Comprehensive Review of the Literature
Authors: Rodriguez Jose Ramon , Fuse Yuma , Yamamoto Takumi
Published: April 2020

Background Cancer-related lymphedema represents the first cause of noninfectious secondary extremity lymphedema. This entity is a progressive and debilitating disease with no curative treatment available. With the advent of lymphedema microsurgery, focus has turned into risk reduction and prevention of the disease progression.

Methods Literature review was conducted to clarify current microsurgical approach to prophylaxis of cancer treatment-related extremity lymphedema.

Results Prophylactic approach could be classified into primary and secondary prevention; microsurgical procedures were performed simultaneously with cancer ablation in primary prevention, and secondary prevention was performed secondarily after cancer treatment for selected high-risk subclinical cases. Indocyanine green lymphography was the most useful method for lymphedema screening after cancer treatment and to diagnose subclinical lymphedema. Several lymphovenous shunt operations were performed as prophylactic procedures, and classified into microsurgical lymphovenous implantation and supermicrosurgical lymphovenous intima-to-intima coaptation. Both showed clinically significant prophylactic effects.

Conclusion This review provides a comprehensive overview of the literature regarding microsurgical interventions for the prevention of cancer-related extremity lymphedema. There are several methods for lymphedema prophylaxis and further studies are required to clarify indication of each method.
Hypercoagulation and Antithrombotic Treatment in Coronavirus 2019: A New Challenge
Authors: Violi Francesco , Pastori Daniele , Cangemi Roberto , Pignatelli Pasquale , Loffredo Lorenzo
Published: April 2020

The novel coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) is clinically characterized by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), which is responsible for a high number of patients needing mechanical ventilation or intensive care units treatment and for the elevated mortality risk. A link between COVID-19 and multiorgan failure may be dependent on the fact that most COVID-19 patients are complicated by pneumonia, which is known to be associated with early changes of clotting and platelet activation and artery dysfunction; these changes may implicate in thrombotic-related events such as myocardial infarction and ischemic stroke. Recent data showed that myocardial injury compatible with coronary ischemia may be detectable in SARS-CoV-2 patients and laboratory data exploring clotting system suggest the presence of a hypercoagulation state. Thus, we performed a systematic review of COVID-19 literature reporting measures of clotting activation to assess if changes are detectable in this setting and their relationship with clinical severity. Furthermore, we discussed the biologic plausibility of the thrombotic risk in SARS-CoV-2 and the potential use of an antithrombotic treatment.
Converging–diverging ducts for efficient utilization of low-grade wind energy: Numerical and experimental studies
Authors: Anbarsooz M. , Mazloum M. , Moghadam D. G.
Published: April 2020

Low-grade wind energy, commonly referred to wind speeds lower than 6 m/s, is not suitable for the currently developed horizontal-axis wind turbines. One of the efficient methods to increase the wind speed passing through the wind turbine is enclosing the turbine inside a suitably designed shroud. In the current study, extensive numerical studies are carried out on a flanged converging–diverging duct to reach the maximum possible velocity increment. The effects of several geometrical parameters on the velocity increment and fluid dynamics of the shroud are investigated in detail. The effects of the diffuser opening angle, flange height, length of the inlet converging section, length of a constant-cross-section tube between the converging and diverging sections, and the presence of a wind turbine inside the shroud are examined. The results show that for a diffuser with a length to diameter ratio of 1.0, the velocity increment is maximum for a diameter ratio of 1.66 and a flange height to diameter ratio of 0.15. Adding a converging and a constant-cross-section tube to the flanged diffuser, a maximum velocity increment of 1.57 with an almost uniform velocity is achieved. This means that the available wind energy is 3.87 times the incident wind energy; hence, it is suitable for mounting more than one wind turbine. The optimum duct design is also subjected to wind tunnel measurements, where a good agreement with the numerical data is observed.
Dielectric and conducting properties of unintentionally and Sn-doped β-Ga2O3 studied by terahertz spectroscopy
Authors: Blumenschein Nick , Kadlec Christelle , Romanyuk Oleksandr , Paskova Tania , Muth John F. , Kadlec Filip
Published: April 2020

Dielectric and conducting properties of unintentionally doped bulk and Sn-doped thin film β-Ga2O3 samples were studied using time-domain terahertz spectroscopy. Complex permittivity and optical conductivity spectra from 0.25 to 2.5 THz were obtained experimentally over a broad temperature range. The low-temperature spectra of the unintentionally doped sample were fit using a model involving two oscillators. The parameters of one of them show an unusual temperature dependence, in particular, a pronounced increase in the oscillator strength upon heating above 50 K. This is interpreted as an absorption due to thermally activated charge carriers moving in localized potential minima linked to the unintentional doping. Upon heating, the influence of this optical conductivity mechanism strongly increases, and the sample becomes opaque in the THz range near 100 K. The nanocrystalline Sn-doped Ga2O3 thin film sample exhibits a much higher optical conductivity than the unintentionally doped bulk sample, and its spectra are remarkably stable over a broad temperature range (4–750 K). This first study of β-Ga2O3 based on phase-sensitive THz spectroscopy reveals how the impurities influence the high-frequency conductive properties of the material.
Crystal and cavity combine into wavelength converter
Authors: Patrick Chris
Published: April 2020

A method of microwave-to-telecom transduction brings hybrid quantum technology one step closer to reality.
Impact of the surface phase transition on magnon and phonon excitations in BiFeO3 nanoparticles
Authors: Aupiais Ian , Hemme Pierre , Allen Marc , Scida Alexis M. , Lu Xiao , Ricolleau Christian , Gallais Yann , Sacuto Alain , Wong Stanislaus S. , de Sousa Rogério , Cazayous Maximilien
Published: April 2020

We have performed Raman scattering measurements on bismuth ferrite (BiFeO3) nanoparticles and studied both magnetic and lattice modes. We reveal strong anomalies between 140 K and 200 K at the frequency of magnon and E(LO1), E(TO1), and A1(LO1) phonon modes. These anomalies are related to a surface expansion and are enhanced for nanoparticle sizes approaching the spin cycloidal length. These observations point out the strong interplay between the surface, the lattice, and the magnetism for sizes of BiFeO3 nanoparticles close to cycloid periodicity.
Interferometric two-photon-absorption spectroscopy with three entangled photons
Authors: Ye Lyuzhou , Mukamel Shaul
Published: April 2020

We propose an interferometric pump-probe technique that employs three entangled photons generated by cascaded spontaneous parametric downconversion. A Mach–Zehnder interferometer made of two three-port waveguide arrays is inserted in the optical path. Two independent phases introduced to manipulate the entangled photon state serve as control parameters and can selectively excite matter pathways. Compared to two-photon-absorption of an entangled photon-pair, the three-photon signals are significantly enhanced by frequency-dispersed photon-counting detection.
Access to shade reduces DNA damage of Holstein cows under mild heat stress
Authors: de Abreu A. S. , Fischer V. , Thaler A. , Stumpf M. T. , Petronilho F. , Florentino D. S. , Hlavac N. R. , Uczay M. , Paludo E. , Weiss P. H. E. , Vogel C. I. G.
Published: April 2020

Context
The effect of heat stress on the production and physiology of lactating dairy cows is well documented in literature. However, little is known about the effect of the provision of shade on DNA damage.

Aims
The present study aimed to evaluate the effects of shade provision on physiological, oxidative-stress, and DNA-strand damage in dairy cows exposed to mild heat stress.

Methods
The study was conducted at Lages, SC, Brazil, during 15 days in a southern hemisphere summer (January and February), with 14 lactating Holstein (n = 10) and Holstein × Jersey crossbreed (n = 4) dairy cows. Animals were randomly allocated to two groups of seven animals each (named as shaded and unshaded). These two groups were evaluated in the following three different periods: pre-stress period (5-day duration), stress period (4-day duration) and post-stress period (6-day duration). Shaded cows had free access to shade throughout the study; unshaded cows were prevented from accessing shade only in the stress period. Physiological (rectal temperature, heart and respiratory frequencies and panting score) and DNA-damage parameters (through Comet assay), as well as oxidative stress (in blood: carbonyl content, nitrite:nitrate ratio, thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances, TBARS) were evaluated.

Key results
In the stress period, shade deprivation resulted in higher values of respiratory rate, indicating that cows were under heat stress. In addition, DNA-damage levels were higher in this circumstance, probably due to inhibition of the DNA-repair systems by the thermal stress as well as thermal stress acting as a DNA-damage agent.

Conclusions
In a high-altitude subtropical region, during the hot season, shade provision decreases solar radiation heating effects and, thus, reduces DNA damage and the negative effects on cow metabolism and cell structure.

Implications
Shade effects on cow metabolism and cell structure must be taken into consideration in the planning of dairy farms and our results suggest that shade availability must not be disregarded, even in situations of mild heat stress.
Utilizing the Combined Power of Theory and Experiment to Understand Molecular Structure – Solid-State and Gas-Phase Investigation of Morpholine Borane
Authors: Ja'o Aliyu M. , Wann Derek A. , Rankine Conor D. , Polson Matthew I. J. , Masters Sarah L.
Published: April 2020

The molecular structure of morpholine borane complex has been studied in the solid state and gas phase using single-crystal X-ray diffraction, gas electron diffraction, and computational methods. Despite both the solid-state and gas-phase structures adopting the same conformation, a definite decrease in the B–N bond length of the solid-state structure was observed. Other structural variations in the different phases are presented and discussed. To explore the hydrogen storage potential of morpholine borane, the potential energy surface for the uncatalyzed and BH3-catalyzed pathways, as well as the thermochemistry for the hydrogen release reaction, were investigated using accurate quantum chemical methods. It was observed that both the catalyzed and uncatalyzed dehydrogenation pathways are favourable, with a barrier lower than the B–N bond dissociation energy, thus indicating a strong propensity for the complex to release a hydrogen molecule rather than dissociate along the B–N bond axis. A minimal energy requirement for the dehydrogenation reaction has been shown. The reaction is close to thermoneutral as demonstrated by the calculated dehydrogenation reaction energies, thus implying that this complex could demonstrate potential for future on-board hydrogen generation.
Mathematical modeling of human oocyte aneuploidy
Authors: Tyc Katarzyna M. , McCoy Rajiv C. , Schindler Karen , Xing Jinchuan
Published: April 2020

Aneuploidy is the leading contributor to pregnancy loss, congenital anomalies, and in vitro fertilization (IVF) failure in humans. Although most aneuploid conceptions are thought to originate from meiotic division errors in the female germline, quantitative studies that link the observed phenotypes to underlying error mechanisms are lacking. In this study, we developed a mathematical modeling framework to quantify the contribution of different mechanisms of erroneous chromosome segregation to the production of aneuploid eggs. Our model considers the probabilities of all possible chromosome gain/loss outcomes that arise from meiotic errors, such as nondisjunction (NDJ) in meiosis I and meiosis II, and premature separation of sister chromatids (PSSC) and reverse segregation (RS) in meiosis I. To understand the contributions of different meiotic errors, we fit our model to aneuploidy data from 11,157 blastocyst-stage embryos. Our best-fitting model captures several known features of female meiosis, for instance, the maternal age effect on PSSC. More importantly, our model reveals previously undescribed patterns, including an increased frequency of meiosis II errors among eggs affected by errors in meiosis I. This observation suggests that the occurrence of NDJ in meiosis II is associated with the ploidy status of an egg. We further demonstrate that the model can be used to identify IVF patients who produce an extreme number of aneuploid embryos. The dynamic nature of our mathematical model makes it a powerful tool both for understanding the relative contributions of mechanisms of chromosome missegregation in human female meiosis and for predicting the outcomes of assisted reproduction.
Ek […]wraitalaþo
Authors: Poulsen Simon
Published: April 2020

Scholars have previously interpreted the sequencewraitalaþoon the Trollhättan II Bracteate aswrait alaþō‘I wrote the magical formula’,wrait ā laþō‘I wrotelaþuin(to)’ orwraita laþō‘I wrote as an invitation’. The first and second interpretations are improbable for semantic, morphological and syntactic reasons. The third interpretation does not consider the linguistic consequences of the strong preterite 1sgending being retained as -ain Proto-Norse (PN). I will argue that final -awas preserved in early PN after a stressed syllable, but was lost after an unstressed one. I will reconsider the group of PN inscriptions that attest strong preterite verbs. Finally, I will conclude that all definite evidence of the loss of -abelongs to a later period. One exception, however, is the much-debated inscription on the Reistad Stone, which lacks the syncope and has an original word-final -ainunnam(ʀ̣) wraita.
The early Celtic epigraphic evidence and early literacy in Germanic languages
Authors: Stifter David
Published: April 2020

This paper outlines the individual histories of the attested ancient Celtic epigraphic traditions, Cisalpine
Celtic, Celtiberian, Gaulish and Ogam-Irish. It discusses the types of literacy in each of them and presents them as examples of
how and under which conditions literacy arose and grew, and finally disappeared, in non-classical languages of antiquity. Where
possible, the Celtic languages are viewed against an early Germanic background, to highlight similarities and parallels between
the two philological areas, but also to contrast the differences between them and to give an account of where and when
opportunities of literate interaction may have arisen between the two groups. These zones of potential interaction, as well as
uncommon shapes of letters in some Celtic writing systems, are of relevance for the concluding section where observations from a
Celtologist’s point of view will be made that may have a bearing on the origins of Runic writing.
Chlamydomonas PKD2 organizes mastigonemes, hair-like glycoprotein polymers on cilia
Authors: Liu Peiwei , Lou Xiaochu , Wingfield Jenna L. , Lin Jianfeng , Nicastro Daniela , Lechtreck Karl
Published: April 2020

Mutations in the channel protein PKD2 cause autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease, but the function of PKD2 in cilia remains unclear. Here, we show that PKD2 targets and anchors mastigonemes, filamentous polymers of the glycoprotein MST1, to the extracellular surface of Chlamydomonas cilia. PKD2–mastigoneme complexes physically connect to the axonemal doublets 4 and 8, positioning them perpendicular to the plane of ciliary beating. pkd2 mutant cilia lack mastigonemes, and mutant cells swim with reduced velocity, indicating a motility-related function of the PKD2–mastigoneme complex. Association with both the axoneme and extracellular structures supports a mechanosensory role of Chlamydomonas PKD2. We propose that PKD2–mastigoneme arrays, on opposing sides of the cilium, could perceive forces during ciliary beating and transfer these signals to locally regulate the response of the axoneme.
A classical to quantum transition via key experiments
Authors: Scholz Ruediger , Wessnigk Susanne , Weber Kim-Alessandro
Published: April 2020

This paper presents an educational concept for promoting quantum teaching and learning via an educational structured quantum optical experiment. The experiment is designed to demonstrate the striking differences between classical physics and quantum physics, for example quantum interference of unbreakable photons (the ability of probabilities to interfere due to a phase sensitive superposition of states) and quantum nonlocality (there is no way to locate photonic states without a fundamental loss of information about the characteristics and a complete change of the state). For this proposal, we developed an experimental setup straightforward enough to be used in advanced physics courses even in secondary school student labs. To explain, or in a more quantum-semantic way, to interpret the experimental results quantitatively, we provide an appropriately rigorous quantum optical theory. Our model combines Laplace statistics (to access the statistical behaviour of photon counting) and basic vector calculus to calculate probabilities from the phase sensitivity of probability amplitudes. This article aims to contribute to further discussion and empirical research into novel teaching strategies for a more deeply conceptual approach to quantum theory.
Theory and modeling of under-critical millimeter-wave discharge in atmospheric air induced by high-energy excited neutral-particles carried via photons
Authors: Nakamura Yusuke , Komurasaki Kimiya
Published: April 2020

Past experiments have shown an ionization front propagation in the millimeter-wave whose intensity was one order lower than the critical intensity of breakdown. Propagation in such a low-intensity region is inexplicable by past theories because no mechanism can enhance ionization sufficiently in the precursor region ahead of bulk plasma. This study examines a new propagation theory incorporating excited neutral particles. The excited neutral particles are carried to the precursor region repeating radiative decay and reabsorption of a photon created by that decay process. Ionization occurs with collisions of an electron and that excited neutral particle. One-dimensional computations were conducted for various power densities of an incident beam to reproduce propagation. The obtained propagation velocities were around 50% of experimental values for quenching frequencies lower than 106 s−1.
Investigation of Surface Roughness in Incremental Sheet Forming of AA 2014-T6 using Taguchi’s Method
Authors: Kumar Vikas , Kumar Rupesh
Published: April 2020

Aluminium alloy “AA 2014-T6” has widespread applications in aerospace industry and also used for making military weapons. This paper proposes incremental sheet forming as newer and cost effective approach over the conventional die forming for making AA 2014-T6 components in lesser time. The quantitative effects of three levels of seven input parameters namely — type of tool path (profile and spiral), sheet thickness (1.2 mm, 2 mm and 2.3 mm), spindle speed (0 rpm, 100 rpm and 200 rpm), tool diameter (16 mm, 18 mm and 20 mm), step size (0.3 mm, 0.5 mm and 0.7 mm), feed rate (1500 mm/min, 2000 mm/min and 3000 mm/min) and type of lubrication (coolant, oil and grease) are analysed over the “surface roughness”. Further, Taguchi technique has been utilized for designing the experimentation, mathematical analysis and finding the trends of variation in output response with change in individual factor. Sheet thickness and spindle speed emerged as the most influencing parameters in determining the final quality of fabricated parts. Zero spindle speed (free tool rotation) turned out most critical because at this level wear particles are stuck between sheet and tool, which degraded the surface due to unwanted abrasion.
Intelligent Classification of Wear Particles Based on Deep Convolutional Neural Network
Authors: Jia Fengguang , Yu Fulin , Song Lei , Zhang Shaojun , Sun Hongyuan
Published: April 2020

The intelligent classification of wear particles has remained a high priority research area for ferrography technology and industrial tribology. In this study, five deep convolutional neural network (DCNN) models are used for identification of seven kinds of wear particles. Instead of manually designing and selecting the features, the proposed DCNN realizes an end-to-end processing. Wear particles’ dataset is built by various kinds of tribology experiments. The experimental results show that the accuracy of DenseNet121 on the test set is 88.39%. A conclusion can be drawn that DCNN is suited for wear particles’ classification and can be put into practical use in condition monitoring systems in the future.