bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Characterization of Factors Affecting Stripping Voltammetry on Thermoplastic Electrodes
Authors: McMahon Catherine J. , Martinez Brandaise , Henry Charles S.
Published: September 2023

Thermoplastic carbon electrodes (TPEs) are an alternative form of carbon composite electrodes that have shown excellent electrochemical performance with applications in biological sensing. However, little has been done to apply TPEs to environmental sensing, specifically heavy metal analysis. The work here focuses on lead analysis and based on their electrochemical properties, TPEs are expected to outperform other carbon composite materials; however, despite testing multiple formulations, TPEs showed inferior performance. Detailed electrode characterization was conducted to examine the cause for poor lead sensing behavior. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) was used to analyze the surface functional groups, indicating that acidic and alkaline functional groups impact lead electrodeposition. Further, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and electrochemical characterization demonstrated that both the binder and graphite can influence the surface morphology, electroactive area, and electron kinetics.
Deep Learning‐Based Wildfire Image Detection and Classification Systems for Controlling Biomass
Authors: Prakash M. , Neelakandan S. , Tamilselvi M. , Velmurugan S. , Baghavathi Priya S. , Ofori Martinson Eric
Published: September 2023

Forests are essential natural resources that directly impact the ecosystem. However, the rising frequency of forest fires due to natural and artificial climate change has become a critical issue. A revolutionary municipal application proposes deploying an artificial intelligence‐based forest fire warning system to prevent major disasters. This work aims to present an overview of vision‐based methods for detecting and categorizing forest fires. The study employs a forest fire detection dataset to address the classification difficulty of discriminating between photos with and without fire. This method is based on convolutional neural network transfer learning with Inception‐v3. Thus, automatic identification of current forest fires (including burning biomass) is a critical field of research for reducing negative repercussions. Early fire detection can also assist decision‐makers in developing mitigation and extinguishment strategies. Radial basis function Networks (RBFNs) with rapid and accurate image super resolution (RAISR) is a deep learning framework trained on an input dataset to detect active fires and burning biomass. The proposed RBFN‐RAISR model’s performance in recognizing fires and nonfires was compared to earlier CNN models using several performance criteria. The water wave optimization technique is used for image feature selection, noise and blurring reduction, image improvement and restoration, and image enhancement and restoration. When classifying fire and no‐fire photos, the proposed RBFN‐RAISR fire detection approach achieves 97.55% accuracy, 93.33% F‐Score, 96.44% recall, 94.19% precision, and an error rate of 24.89. Given the one‐of‐a‐kind forest fire detection dataset, the suggested method achieves promising results for the forest fire categorization problem.
Characterization of Polylysine Enriched Self-Adhesive Resin Cements
Authors: Mansi Zainab M. , Al-Shamma Abdulla MW
Published: September 2023

Aim. The aim of this study is to add polylysine (PLS) particles to two different types of self-adhesive resin cement (RelyXU200 and Breeze) and to characterize them before and after PLS incorporation. Materials and Methods. Four PLS concentrations (0.2%, 1%, 2%, and 5%) were selected for incorporation into two self-adhesive resin cements (RelyXU200 and Breeze), thus the groups of this study include one control group and four experimental groups for each cement type. Different characterization tests were performed including Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), degree of conversion (DC), compressive strength (CS), and ISO tests 4049-2019 that include: film thickness, setting time, water sorption (WS), and solubility (SL). The statistical procedure used includes analysis of variance test (ANOVA) and multiple pairwise comparisons Tukey post hoc test which was used for multifactorial analysis. Results. FTIR showed that PLS addition did not change the functional groups’ peaks for either cement type indicating that no chemical reaction with and/or alteration within the cement has occurred. In general, PLS addition increased the water sorption, solubility, and film thickness, it also increased the setting time for Breeze while decreasing it for RelyXU200 and all these parameters were within 4049-2019 ISO Specification. Statistically, PLS addition did not significantly change these properties compared to the control groups except for 5% PLS. Similarly, the degree of conversion and compressive strength was slightly reduced with no significant difference to the control cement groups except for 5% PLS concentration. Conclusions. Newly developed PLS incorporated self-adhesive resin cement exhibited remarkable mechanical and physical properties compared to control self-adhesive resin cement and passed the ISO standardization. PLS-incorporated resin cement with less than 5% have no negative impact on the physical and mechanical properties of the studied cement.
TABLE 1 from Accelerating Cancer Histopathology Workflows with Chemical Imaging and Machine Learning
Authors: Falahkheirkhah Kianoush , Mukherjee Sudipta S. , Gupta Sounak , Herrera-Hernandez Loren , McCarthy Michael R. , Jimenez Rafael E. , Cheville John C. , Bhargava Rohit
Published: September 2023

Pathologists review from the survey for assigning section and stain quality score, where we report mean ± SD of the scores that have been assessed by pathologists to each domain
Supplementary Figure 5 from Accelerating Cancer Histopathology Workflows with Chemical Imaging and Machine Learning
Authors: Falahkheirkhah Kianoush , Mukherjee Sudipta S. , Gupta Sounak , Herrera-Hernandez Loren , McCarthy Michael R. , Jimenez Rafael E. , Cheville John C. , Bhargava Rohit
Published: September 2023

Examples demonstrating the virtual sectioning capabilities of the implemented workflow.
Supplementary Figure 2 from Accelerating Cancer Histopathology Workflows with Chemical Imaging and Machine Learning
Authors: Falahkheirkhah Kianoush , Mukherjee Sudipta S. , Gupta Sounak , Herrera-Hernandez Loren , McCarthy Michael R. , Jimenez Rafael E. , Cheville John C. , Bhargava Rohit
Published: September 2023

Method of choosing discrete frequency bands from hyperspectral SRS measurements.
Why are all photos beautiful? On the hedonistic effect of photography eidetics
Authors: Nourkova Veronika V.
Published: September 2023

Background. A growing number of studies on the aesthetic attributes of photography employs inductive methods of big data analysis and psychosemantic methods of identifying superordinate categories relevant to the aesthetic assessment of photo images. However, the question of the causes and mechanisms of the total hedonistic effect in perceiving photographs is still open. Objective. The manuscript aims to review the main results of the psychophysical and psychosemantic approaches to the aesthetics of photography. The author intends to formulate and provide some theoretical evidence for the novel exploration of the total hedonistic effect of photographs perception, based on the interpretation of photography as a cultural means of developing eidetics. Methods. The literature on aesthetic psychophysics and psychosemantics of photography was reviewed. The study employed the optics of cultural-historical psychology to develop a novel hypothesis on the total hedonistic effect of perceiving photographs. Results. The analysis of literature based on psychophysics approach indicated that such image qualities as contrast, sharpness, grain teased, and composing in accord with the golden ratio impact the attractiveness of photography. The use of psychosemantic methods made it possible to identify more specific categories that mediate subjective beauty of a photograph: Familiarity / Predictability, Dynamism, Monochrome, and Time Distance. However, I supposed that the approaches described above do not take into account the status of photography as a cultural means of over-compensation for the biological limitations of visual perception and iconic memory. From this perspective, photography scales the scene to the zone of central vision, eliminates the color overload and, thus, provides optimal conditions for high-quality and economical perception. To compensate for iconic memory deficiencies, photography stabilizes the image and makes repetition possible. In addition, photography returns to the viewer the experience of a “long” iconic image, characteristic of a child, which degrades in adulthood and, thus, provokes nostalgic emotions. Conclusion. It is assumed that the basis of the hedonistic effect of viewing photographs is the optimal complement of visual perception and iconic memory, so that photography not only compensates for its deficiencies, but also implements an ideal project for their development.
Bambuphaga, a new bamboo feeding-leafhopper genus (Cicadellidae: Deltocephalinae: Punctulini) from India
Authors: RAMAIAH MOGILI , MESHRAM NARESH M. , DEY DEBJANI
Published: September 2023

A new genus of bamboo feeding leafhopper, Bambuphaga n. gen. (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae: Delcephalinae) with Bambuphaga balajii n. sp. from India (Andhra Pradesh) as the type species is described, illustrated, placed in the tribe Punctulini and an annotated checklist to the tribe is provided. The type specimens and material examined are deposited in the National Pusa Collection (NPC), Indian Council of Agricultural Research-Indian Agricultural Research Institute (IARI), New Delhi, India.
3. Onderzoeksethiek
Authors: Hens Kristien
Published: September 2023

In dit hoofdstuk stel ik een toenadering voor tussen bio-ethiek en wetenschapsfilosofie, in het bijzonder filosofie van de biologie. Ik beschrijf de casus van Paolo Macchiarini en wat we hieruit kunnen leren over onderzoeksethiek. Ik gebruik de ideeën van Mary Midgley over filosofische loodgieterij om te beargumenteren dat het helpen van wetenschappers om concepten juist te krijgen de eerste ethische stap in de wetenschap is. De praktijken van wetenschapsfilosofen en bio-ethici zijn dus niet zo verschillend, hoewel er een grote kloof lijkt te bestaan tussen deze disciplines.
10. Medische ethiek en milieu-ethiek
Authors: Hens Kristien
Published: September 2023

Ik reflecteer op de ideeën van Van Rensselaer Potter om te pleiten voor een toenadering tussen medische ethiek en milieuethiek.
19. Trouble: Krokodillen en muizen
Authors: Hens Kristien
Published: September 2023

In dit hoofdstuk bespreek ik onderwerpen in de dierenethiek en het belang om ethiek niet als een nulsomspel te zien. Ik gebruik de voorbeelden van vlees eten en dierproeven om te laten zien dat we als bio-ethici de vraag moeten blijven stellen, cui bono, waarom doen we dit? Welke kennis halen we hieruit en is dit wel echte kennis?
Effect of different precoating cleaning processes on the corrosion resistance of WC-Co hard alloy matrix
Authors: Fan Caihe , Ding Liuxin , Ni Yumeng , Gao Jiangxiong , Yang Jianjun , Long Guixiang
Published: September 2023

Taking a WC-Co cemented carbide substrate as the research object, this study analyzes the roles of pH value and temperature in the corrosion action of the alloy substrate by electrochemical test. The surface morphology of the samples before and after retest was observed by scanning
electron microscope. Comparative research on the corrosion behavior of different pH values at room temperature demonstrates that the alloy matrix has the best self-corrosion potential when the solution pH is 11, and the charge transfer resistance Rct is an order of magnitude
higher than that in other pH solutions. Therefore, the best corrosion stability of the alloy matrix is realized at pH = 11. Comparative research on the corrosion behavior of different immersion liquid temperatures under the condition of pH = 11 is also conducted. The results show that the
sample has the highest corrosion potential at 50 °C, suggesting the best corrosion stability of the alloy. The measurement results of scanning electron microscopy and atomic absorption spectrometry show that galvanic corrosion occurs. The binder phase Co is used as the anode for corrosion,
and the corrosion product is mainly Co(OH)2.
A test study of different nanofibre scaffolds in tracheal cartilage repair
Authors: Qin Song , Su Shan , Zhang Guanzhu , Lin Na
Published: September 2023

Tracheal abnormalities occur in situations such as tracheal stenosis and bronchitis, causing serious adverse effects on the normal life of patients. Tracheal cartilage is one of the important tissues that maintain airway patency, but it is difficult to repair by itself. The electrospinning technology can be combined with growth factors, which has a certain positive effect on the repair of cartilage tissue. The study utilized coaxial electrospinning technology to prepare nanofiber scaffolds loaded with Kartogenin, and analyzed the effects of different nanofiber scaffolds on tracheal cartilage repair through experiments such as inducing bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell differentiation,in vitrorelease, andin vitrodegradation. The results showed that within 87 seconds, the contact angle of the nanofiber scaffold corresponding to Kartogenin decreased from 121.94° to 50.14°. Kartogenin of 10±3μM does not cause cytotoxicity to chondrocytes after 7 days of cultivation, and can maintain its phenotype well. As the transcription level of chondrocyte marker genes gradually increases, Kartogenin can induce bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells to differentiate into chondrocytes. The above results verify the good mechanical properties of Kartogenin after successfully loading into nanofibers, as well as its good cell compatibility, promoting chondrocyte differentiation, and providing a new method reference for tracheal cartilage repair.
Nanomagnetic bead-based nucleic acid isolation to examine the correlation of serum TRAP1 and MDSC levels with clinical treatment efficacy and prognosis in nonsmall cell lung cancer
Authors: Dai Shan , Dai Nan , Zhang Jie
Published: September 2023

To explore the correlation of tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated protein (TRAP1) and myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) in peripheral blood with clinical treatment efficacy and prognosis in nonsmall-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). The study cohort comprised 112 patients with
NSCLC who were treated between March 2020 to December 2022, including 45 and 67 patients with stage I–II and III–VI NSCLC, respectively, and 90 healthy individuals as controls. Peripheral blood samples of study participants before and after chemotherapy were collected. Serum MDSC
and TRAP1 levels were compared in patients categorized according to the NSCLC stage by nanomagnetic bead-based separation method. Flow cytometry was used to further analyze the expression levels of MDSCs and TRAP1 in cells before and after chemotherapy in patients with NSCLC. Chemotherapy
efficacy was evaluated according to the World Health Organization objective evaluation criteria for tumor efficacy, and the relationship of chemotherapy efficacy with serum MDSC and TRAP1 levels was analyzed. Multivariate Cox regression analysis was conducted to evaluate factors associated
with prognosis. The serum levels of TRAP1 and MDSCs were significantly higher in patients with NSCLC than in healthy controls (P <0.05). Serum TRAP1 and MDSC levels were positively correlated with TNM stage. Serum levels of TRAP1 and MDSCs after chemotherapy were significantly lower
than those before chemotherapy in the overall cohort, serum levels of TRAP1 after chemotherapy were significantly lower than those before chemotherapy in patients with partial response, and serum levels of MDSCs after chemotherapy were significantly higher than those before chemotherapy in
patients with progressive disease (P < 0.05). Multivariate Cox regression analysis revealed that high serum levels of TRAP1 and MDSCs were associated with poor prognosis. Serum levels of TRAP1 and MDSCs should be considered as potential predictive biomarkers for chemotherapy efficacy
and prognosis in NSCLC.
Impact of Sea Surface Temperature in the Extratropical Southern Indian Ocean on Antarctic Sea Ice in Austral Spring
Authors: Dou Juan , Zhang Renhe
Published: September 2023

The relationship between the seasonal Antarctic sea ice concentration (SIC) variability and the extratropical southern Indian Ocean (SIO) sea surface temperature (SST) is explored in this study. It is found that the Antarctic SIC in a wide band of the SIO, Ross Sea, and Weddell Sea is significantly related to an SIO dipole (SIOD) SST anomaly on the interannual time scale during austral spring. This relationship is linearly independent of the effects of El Niño–Southern Oscillation, the Indian Ocean dipole, and the Southern Hemisphere annular mode. The positive phase of the SIOD, with warm SST anomalies off of western Australia and cold SST anomalies centered around 60°E in high latitudes, stimulates a downstream wave train that induces large-scale cyclonic circulations over the SIO and the Ross and Weddell Seas. Subsequently, anomalous horizontal moisture advection causes water vapor divergence, changes the surface energy budget, and cools the underlying ocean, which leads to the increased SIC over the region in the SIO, Ross Sea, and Weddell Sea. This SIOD SST anomaly reached a record low during the austral spring of 2016 and promoted the prominent wave pattern at high latitudes, contributing to the dramatic decline of sea ice in the 2016 spring. In addition, the proportion of the SIC trend that is linearly congruent with the SIOD SST trend during austral spring is quantified. The results indicate that the trend in the SIOD SST may account for a significant component of the 1979–2014 SIC trend in the Ross Sea with the congruency peaking at 60%.
Does a Negative Event Impact Legitimacy?
Authors: Manfredi Luciana Carla , Sayago-Gomez Juan Tomas , Cabanelas Pablo
Published: September 2023

Legitimacy is a must for organizational success. Hence, those organizations able to gain legitimacy can increase effectiveness during periods of crisis or threats. Based on organizational perception management, which focuses its attention on those actions that aim to influence audiences’ perceptions of an organization. This paper presents multiple experiments to understand how different strategies executing verbal accounts can influence people’s perceptions of legitimacy. Results demonstrate that a threatening event will negatively affect legitimacy perception, whatever the response of the organization is. However, verbal accounts are also an important organizational perception management tactic to impact the perceptions of legitimacy during these threatening situations, as a defensive response will have a worse behavior on perceived legitimacy than the accommodative one. Furthermore, the type of event will also have a direct influence on certain dimensions of legitimacy, opening a wide range of actions to be taken depending on the characteristics of the event.
Accommodating Students with Disabilities: Fieldwork Educators’ Experiences
Authors: Dhillon Shaminder K. , Moll Sandra E. , Stroinska Magda , Solomon Patricia E.
Published: September 2023

Background. Fieldwork is an essential part of experiential learning in occupational therapy education. Fieldwork educators identify limits on reasonable accommodation and difficulty implementing disability-related accommodations. Student occupational therapists with disabilities report discrimination from within the profession, including inflexible fieldwork environments. Purpose. To understand the experiences of occupational therapy fieldwork educators in Canada in accommodating students with disabilities and to develop action-oriented practice recommendations. Method. In this interpretive description study, we interviewed 11 fieldwork educators about their experiences accommodating students with disabilities. Interviews were recorded, transcribed, and analyzed using a constant comparative approach. Findings. Educators emphasized a meta-theme of “Learning” when asked about disability-related accommodations. Three subthemes about student learning emerged: 1. Educators focused on “Student Learning in Preparation for Professional Practice” rather than their fieldwork setting only; 2. Educators were “Using Occupational Therapy Skills for Student Learning” in fieldwork; and 3. Educators recognized that their professional and personal “Context Influences Student Learning.” Conclusion. Fieldwork educators can work with students to align their accommodations with required learning outcomes for professional practice and use their occupational therapy skills to assist with implementation. Fieldwork educators require time and other supports to work effectively with all students.
Childhood Obesity Is Associated With Subclinical Left Ventricular Dysfunction Detected by Speckle Tracking Echocardiography
Authors: Dehghan Bahar , Sedighi Mohsen , Rostampour Noushin , Hashemi Elham , Hovsepian Silva , Sabri Mohammad Reza , Ghaderian Mehdi , Mahdavi Chehreh , Ahmadi Alireza , Esnaashari Azadeh
Published: September 2023

Childhood obesity is related to cardiac structural and functional changes, increasing the risk of heart disease. Sixty normotensive children were assigned based on body mass index (BMI) into normal weight, overweight, and obese groups and examined by two-dimensional speckle tracking echocardiography (2D-STE). Weight ( P = .001) and BMI ( P = .001) differed significantly among the 3 groups. Left ventricular (LV) strain ( P = .001) and strain rate ( P = .002) in overweight and obese children ( P = .001) were significantly lower compared to normal weight group. LV mass in obese children was notably larger compared to overweight children ( P = .047). LV strain was associated with age ( P = .031), weight ( P = .001), and height ( P = .022). There was an association between LV strain rate with weight ( P = .001) and between left atrial area and height of children ( P = .007). Obesity in normotensive obese children is associated with subclinical alteration of LV dimension and myocardial longitudinal strain recognized by 2D-STE.
Online Disinformation Predicts Inaccurate Beliefs About Election Fairness Among Both Winners and Losers
Authors: Mauk Marlene , Grömping Max
Published: September 2023

Electoral disinformation is feared to variously undermine democratic trust by inflaming incorrect negative beliefs about the fairness of elections, or to shore up dictators by creating falsely positive ones. Recent studies of political misperceptions, however, suggest that disinformation has at best minimal effects on beliefs. In this article, we investigate the drivers of public perceptions and misperceptions of election fairness. We build on theories of rational belief updating and motivated reasoning, and link public opinion data from 82 national elections with expert survey data on disinformation and de facto electoral integrity. We show that, overall, people arrive at largely accurate perceptions, but that disinformation campaigns are indeed associated with less accurate and more polarized beliefs about election fairness. This contributes a cross-nationally comparative perspective to studies of (dis)information processing and belief updating, as well as attitude formation and trust surrounding highly salient political institutions such as elections.
A Model of the Home Literacy Environment and Family Risk of Reading Difficulty in Relation to Children’s Preschool Emergent Literacy
Authors: Esmaeeli Sara
Published: September 2023

This study extends the research on the preschool home literacy environment (HLE) in the context of the family risk (FR) of reading disability (RD) by examining a multiple-deficit model of RD. A total of 1,171 six-year-old Norwegian children were assessed at school entry, the onset of formal reading instruction in Norway. Their parents completed a questionnaire regarding their own RD, education, and the HLE. The final sample after applying the inclusion criteria was 794 children and their parents. The findings suggest, first, that two HLE factors (access to print and reading-related activities) should be distinguished rather than treated as a single factor (“exposure to print”) as the majority of previous studies have done. This finding suggests a three-factor HLE model that includes parents’ reading interests and habits, reading-related activities, and access to print. Second, family risk of RD is related to some extent to the HLE, even after controlling for parents’ education. Third, children’s experiences in their home environments and their emergent literacy may not be independent of their family risk of RD. More importantly, this study highlights the potential protective role of the HLE, especially when there is a history of RD within the family. The reason is that the positive association between the HLE and children’s code-related emergent literacy remains significant when controlling for family risk of RD (access to print → emergent literacy: 0.39 [0.01, 0.68], p < 0.01; reading-related activities → emergent literacy: 0.37 [0.02, 0.35], p < 0.01; parents’ reading interests and habits → emergent literacy: 0.26 [0.001, 0.15], p < 0.01). This finding supports that children’s emergent literacy can be improved via a modifiable, dynamic factor such as the HLE.
An Assimilative Effect of Stimulus Co-Occurrence on Evaluation Despite Contrasting Relational Information
Authors: Nudler Yahel , Moran Tal , Bar Anan Yoav
Published: September 2023

The co-occurrence of a neutral stimulus with affective stimuli typically causes the neutral stimulus’s evaluation to shift toward the affective stimuli’s valence. Does that assimilative effect occur even when one knows the co-occurrence is due to an opposition relation between the stimuli (e.g., Batman stops crime)? Previous evidence tentatively supported that possibility, based on results compatible with an assimilative effect obscured by a larger contrast effect of the opposition relation (e.g., people like Batman less than expected, perhaps due to his co-occurrence with crime). We report three experiments ( N = 802) in which participants preferred stimuli that stopped positive events over stimuli that stopped negative events—an assimilative effect of co-occurrence, unobscured by a contrast effect, despite comprehending the opposition relation and its evaluative implications. Our findings suggest that the assimilative effect of co-occurrence is potentially ubiquitous, not limited only to co-occurrence due to relations that suggest valence similarity.
Managing Asymmetric Events With Anticipatory and Reactive Strategies
Authors: Short Cole E. , Pfarrer Michael D.
Published: September 2023

Impression management refers to the strategies a firm uses to influence how evaluators view the firm, a key factor that impacts firm outcomes and that is particularly salient when negative events are disclosed. Research to date has investigated how firms manage evaluator impressions either before or after such events, but considerations of how firms use anticipatory and reactive impression management together remains less developed. To address this limitation, we build on event-oriented perspectives in management and leverage theory from organizational impression management to first delineate how information asymmetric negative events—salient and damaging occurrences known first to firm insiders—enable firms to use anticipatory and reactive impression management strategies as an interrelated effort. We then investigate the degree to which evaluators’ reactions to anticipatorily managed events moderate reactive strategy selection following asymmetric events. We conclude by assessing the relative effectiveness of different strategic combinations on firm stock responses following an asymmetric event. Using a comprehensive sample of 238 late-stage, publicized clinical trial termination events in the pharmaceutical industry from 2003 to 2017, we find strong support for our hypotheses. Overall, this study seeks to demonstrate how firm impression management may be more nuanced and interrelated than previously theorized and how a greater understanding of these strategies can fundamentally shape how firms manage asymmetric events.
Measuring Cultural Diversity in Text with Word Counts
Authors: Wood Michael Lee
Published: September 2023

A long-standing concern in the study of culture is understanding how culture is distributed, often discussed in terms of cultural “coherence.” Cultural diversity, defined as the degree to which people share beliefs or meanings, is one dimension of cultural coherence that has been associated with many social outcomes. This article contributes to this area of research by considering how to measure cultural diversity in text and introducing a simple approach that uses word counts and sets of diversity indices (called “diversity profiles”). Text is useful for social-psychological analysis because as an artifact of individual thought, it provides a way to measure how beliefs and meanings are distributed and made salient across groups. The measurement approach outlined here contrasts to many contemporary computational approaches to measuring culture in text, which employ a relational logic of meaning based on word co-occurrences. While these more sophisticated approaches are well suited to measuring diversity in many instances, I show that there are some cases for which simpler measures based on word counts are ideal. After discussing the measurement of cultural diversity using word counts, I present a computational analysis of interview transcripts of American religious parents discussing the ages at which it is appropriate for children to participate in different practices often considered inappropriate for young children. The analysis points to the homogenizing influence of institutions on discussions of age appropriateness. I conclude by discussing implications for cultural analysis more generally.
Explicit cognate instruction facilitates vocabulary learning by foreign language learners with developmental language disorder
Authors: Tribushinina Elena , Niemann Geke , Meuwissen Joyce
Published: September 2023

This article is one of the first attempts to study the mechanisms of foreign language learning by children with DLD. We test the effectiveness of a cognate intervention aiming to enhance cross-linguistic awareness of Dutch-speaking primary-school pupils with DLD, as part of their English as a Foreign Language (EFL) curriculum. The participants were learning English as a school subject in the last three years of special primary education in the Netherlands (ages 8;11–13;8). The intervention group ( n = 41) received 12 short lessons on cognate relationships over the course of 14 weeks. The control group ( n = 46), matched to the intervention group on the amount and intensity of foreign language instruction, received their regular English lessons that were mainly implicit and skill-based. The study used a pre-test–post-test design and compared the development of English word recognition in the two groups, at the same time controlling for the amount of prior EFL instruction and out-of-school exposure to English. The performance at pre-test was already high, particularly on cognates. Word recognition in the control group did not improve over the course of the 14 weeks. The performance of the intervention group showed significant improvement from pre-test to post-test. After the intervention, they recognized not only more of the words practised in the lessons but also more nontreated cognates, which demonstrates that the intervention participants developed a cognate strategy that allowed them to recognize more English words based on similarity to Dutch. We conclude that explicit cognate instruction implemented in a regular classroom setting facilitates the development of EFL vocabulary in special primary education.
Long-term results and predictors of failure after mechanochemical endovenous ablation in the treatment of primary great saphenous vein incompetence
Authors: Witte Marianne E , Holewijn Suzanne , van der Veen Daphne , Reijnen Michel MPJ , Zeebregts Clark J
Published: September 2023

Background

Mechanochemical endovenous ablation (MOCA) was introduced to treat superficial venous insufficiency of the lower leg with less pain and haematoma. Long-term outcome is still lacking. The purpose was to report long-term outcome and to analyse possible predictors for failure.

Methods

The study was a retrospective pooled analysis of two prospective cohorts previously reported, but with prolonged long-term outcome up to 5-years follow-up.

Results

163 treated legs were analysed. Mean follow-up was 5.4±0.6 years, in which 33 total failures occurred. Four procedures were partially successful. VCSS improved significantly and remained stable after 1 and 2-years, but significantly rose again after 5-years. AVVQ dropped significantly, but increased after 1 year to 4.3 and 6.1 at 5-years follow-up.

Conclusion

MOCA was effective with minimal pain perioperative. However, anatomical success deteriorated after 1-year and showed even less results after 5-years, mainly due to partly recanalization, while clinical results were less affected. There were no clear clinical predictors for failure.
Exercise treatments for lumbar spinal stenosis: A systematic review and intervention component analysis of randomised controlled trials
Authors: Comer Christine , Williamson Esther , McIlroy Suzanne , Srikesavan Cynthia , Dalton Sally , Melendez-Torres GJ , Lamb Sarah E
Published: September 2023

Objective

To analyse the components used in exercise interventions for people with symptoms of neurogenic claudication due to lumbar spinal stenosis and identify components associated with successful interventions.

Data sources

Eligible papers published up to April 2023 from MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL, PEDro, CENTRAL, Web of Science, and trial registry websites.

Review methods

Literature searches were performed by an Information Specialist. We searched for randomised trials evaluating exercise interventions for people with neurogenic claudication symptoms (the primary symptom of lumbar spinal stenosis). Two authors independently performed study selection, data extraction, and quality assessments using the Cochrane Risk of Bias tool Version 2 and the TIDieR checklist for intervention reporting. Details of intervention components were extracted, tabulated, and synthesised using an intervention component analysis approach.

Results

We found thirteen trials reporting 23 exercise interventions delivered to 1440 participants. These featured 60 different components. Most exercise interventions included supervision and flexion-based exercises. Balance exercises were rarely included. Exercise components featured more frequently in successful interventions included stretches, strength or trunk muscle exercises, fitness exercises, especially cycling, and psychologically informed approaches. Interpretation is limited by low study numbers and heterogeneity. No conclusions could be drawn about exercise supervision or dose.

Discussion

Exercise interventions for people with neurogenic claudication typically feature multiple components. Common features such as supervision, lumbar flexion, and aerobic fitness exercises and also less common features such as stretches, strengthening exercises, and psychologically informed approaches warrant consideration for inclusion when designing and optimising exercise interventions for people with lumbar spinal stenosis.
Response of Strain-Gauge-Based Tie Reaction Measurement Circuits under Dynamic Loading and Variable Support Conditions
Authors: Rabbi Md. Fazle , Alturk Rakan , Bruzek Radim , Sussmann Theodore R. , Thompson Hugh B. , Mishra Debakanta
Published: September 2023

Strain gauges are often used to measure vertical wheel loads in a railroad track. This approach is based on the concept of differential-shear-strain (DSS) measurement: The difference in vertical shear force between two points along a beam equals the magnitude of the resultant of applied vertical forces in between. With a slight modification to the strain-gauge positions and installation of an additional set of strain gauges, this concept can be extended to measure the vertical rail–tie interface reaction forces, thus assessing the tie support conditions. Although the application of DSS measurements for vertical-wheel-load quantification is widely prevalent in the railroad community, the validity of this approach for tie reaction measurement has been relatively unexplored. Conceptually, the approach is similar to the vertical-wheel-load measurement system, with the only difference being the placement of the strain gauges along the rail. Nevertheless, several questions have been raised about how different track and loading configurations can affect the accuracy of such a measurement system. To address some of these concerns and establish this approach as a viable method for tie support condition assessment, a field-validation effort was undertaken. Under the scope of this research effort, the strain-gauge-based DSS measurement system for rail–tie interface reaction-force measurement was evaluated in the field under static as well as dynamic loading. The study showed that the strain-gauge-based measurement approach is as accurate as other conventional methods of tie reaction-force measurement.
Active Transportation for Underrepresented Populations in the United States: A Systematic Review of Literature
Authors: Sadeghvaziri Eazaz , Javid Ramina , Jeihani Mansoureh
Published: September 2023

To provide an equitable transportation system for the public, it is vital to fully understand underrepresented populations’ active transportation needs and their challenges. This study is designed to identify the active transportation studies that focus on underrepresented populations, evaluate the quantification approaches used in the literature, and uncover barriers to the use of active transportation among underrepresented populations in the United States. We used PRISMA guidelines to systematically review relevant publications. After screening and reviewing the literature, some 60 articles were included in the review. The most frequent results when reviewing the literature include that active travel and daily transport trips decreased from younger to older age groups; bicycling was more popular among men, White, and individuals with higher education, whereas walking was more popular among women; bike usage was found to be low among minorities, and those with lower incomes. Furthermore, communities with poor accessibility to bike infrastructure had a larger concentration of African Americans, Hispanics, Asians, low-wage employees, individuals with lower education, and older adults.
Cadaveric Biomechanical Study of Partial Glenoid Arthroplasty Versus the Latarjet Procedure for Anterior Glenoid Bone Loss
Authors: Kim Yong Tae , Lee Kyung Jae , Jang Young Hoon , Yang Sook , Lee Thay Q. , McGarry Michelle , Kim Sae Hoon
Published: September 2023

Background:

For severe anterior glenoid bone loss due to recurrent shoulder instability, the Latarjet procedure offers a dynamic sling effect in addition to bone augmentation. Yet, it heavily alters the surrounding anatomy, while fixation and graft union issues are also common.

Purpose/Hypothesis:

The purpose of this study was to compare a novel printed 3-dimensional (3D) partial glenoid arthroplasty (PGA) implant with the classic Latarjet procedure. It was hypothesized that by replicating the original glenoid geometry and preserving soft tissue anatomy, PGA may better reproduce normal joint kinematics. In addition, the locking screw construct may offer stronger fixation.

Study Design:

Controlled laboratory study.

Methods:

A total of 14 matched cadaveric shoulders were tested. The PGA implant was 3D printed in titanium based on preoperative computed tomography. The intact, 25% anterior glenoid bone loss, and postoperative states were tested in the scapular and coronal planes. The following parameters were measured: articular surface area and stepoff, rotational range of motion and the humeral head apex position during rotation, and load and linear stiffness at 25% anterior translation and at 2-mm construct displacement.

Results:

The baseline dimensions of the glenoid articular surface were comparable between the groups. The articular surface area after PGA was significantly larger ( P = .006) with less articular stepoff ( P = .030). PGA better approximated the intact state’s external ( P = .006) and total ( P = .019) rotational range of motion in the scapular plane. The course of the humeral head apex after PGA better followed that of the intact state ( P < .001). Resistance against anterior translation after PGA was not significantly different compared with after the Latarjet procedure. Greater linear stiffness ( P = .031) and loading ( P = .002) at 2-mm construct displacement were demonstrated in the PGA group.

Conclusion:

In addressing anterior glenoid bone loss, PGA better approximated intact glenohumeral joint kinematics compared with the Latarjet procedure with less articular stepoff in a cadaveric model. PGA was comparable in resisting anterior translation while being significantly stronger against loading at 2-mm construct displacement. Further clinical studies are warranted to validate this novel procedure.

Clinical Relevance:

A 3D-printed PGA implant may offer an alternative treatment option for severe glenoid bone loss due to shoulder instability, overcoming the previous drawbacks of the Latarjet procedure, including altered kinematics, fixation failure, and hardware issues.
Manipulation Under Anesthesia and/or Lysis of Adhesions After Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction in Female Basketball Players: Does Race Play a Role?
Authors: Crabtree Reaves M. , Barrett Austin M. , Parsell Douglas E. , Ferguson William J. , Replogle William H. , Barrett Gene R.
Published: September 2023

Background:

Arthrofibrosis can limit function and return to sport after anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction. Previously reported risk factors for developing arthrofibrosis after ACL reconstruction include female sex, age <18 years, time from injury to surgery <28 days, concomitant meniscal repair, prolonged immobilization, and genetic factors. There is a lack of evidence regarding whether race plays a significant role.

Hypothesis:

The risk of undergoing manipulation under anesthesia (MUA) and/or lysis of adhesions (LOA) after primary ACL reconstruction with bone–patellar tendon–bone (BTB) autograft in female basketball players is higher in African American players than in White players.

Study Design:

Case-control study; Level of evidence, 3.

Methods:

Using a computerized relational database, the authors identified competitive female basketball players who underwent primary ACL reconstruction with BTB autograft by the senior author over a 13-year period. Data previously entered from examinations and surgical findings were reviewed retrospectively. Univariate statistics and multivariable logistic regression were used to assess the relationship between undergoing subsequent MUA and/or LOA and study predictors.

Results:

A total of 186 knees (114 African American knees and 72 White knees) met inclusion criteria. The overall rate of MUA and/or LOA was 8.6%. Thirteen African American knees (11.4%) and 3 White knees (4.2%) underwent MUA and/or LOA for treatment of arthrofibrosis. No study predictor was found to have a statistically significant relationship with the rate of MUA and/or LOA on univariate analysis. However, when controlling for body mass index and previously described risk factors (age <18 years, time from injury to surgery ≤28 days, and concomitant meniscal repair) in the logistic regression model, the authors found that MUA and/or LOA was more likely in African American (odds ratio, 4.01 [95% CI, 1.01-15.92]; P = .049) than in White female players and in patients who underwent ACL reconstruction within 28 days of injury (odds ratio, 4.01 [95% CI, 1.18-13.57]; P = .026) compared with those with surgery delayed beyond 28 days.

Conclusion:

In female basketball players, the present study found a statistically significantly increased risk for undergoing MUA and/or LOA after primary ACL reconstruction with BTB autograft in African American females compared with White females and in patients who underwent ACL reconstruction within 28 days of injury.
Correlation Between the Location and Distance of Kissing Contusions and Knee Laxity in Acute Noncontact ACL Injury
Authors: Li Junqiao , Mao Yunhe , Wang Duan , Fu Weili , Li Qi , Tang Xin , Chen Gang , Chen Xi , Yao Lei , You Mingke , Xiong Yan , Li Jian
Published: September 2023

Background:

Bone bruise (BB) and kissing contusion are common features of acute anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). The correlation between the location and distance of kissing contusions and knee laxity remains unclear.

Purpose:

To determine the significance of different patterns of BB in acute noncontact ACL injury and assess the correlation between the location and distance of kissing contusions and the severity of knee laxity.

Study Design:

Cross-sectional study; Level of evidence, 3.

Methods:

A total of 205 patients with acute noncontact ACL injury undergoing arthroscopic treatment between January 2021 and May 2022 were included in this retrospective analysis. Patients were grouped according to the different patterns of BB. The type of ACL injury and concomitant injuries were analyzed on MRI and confirmed by arthroscopy. Anterior knee laxity was assessed by the Ligs digital arthrometer and stress radiography, and rotational knee laxity was assessed by the intraoperative pivot-shift test. The MRI parameters of the location and distance of kissing contusions were measured to assess their correlations with the severity of knee laxity.

Results:

Of the 205 patients with acute noncontact ACL injury, 38 were in the non-BB group and 167 were in the BB group, the latter including 32 with the isolated BB on the lateral tibial plateau and 135 with kissing contusions. There was no significant difference in the mean time from initial injury to MRI scan between the non-BB group and the BB group (14.34 ± 2.92 vs 15.17 ± 2.86 days; P = .109) or between the isolated BB subgroup and the kissing contusion subgroup (14.94 ± 2.92 vs 15.23 ± 2.85 days; P = .605). The side-to-side difference (SSD) in anterior knee laxity and the incidences of complete ACL injury, concomitant injuries, and high-grade pivot-shift test were significantly higher in the BB group than in the non-BB group, and in the kissing contusion subgroup compared with the isolated BB subgroup. The kissing contusion index of the lateral femoral condyle (LFC) and the sagittal distance of kissing contusions were significantly correlated with the SSD in anterior knee laxity and the grade of pivot-shift test ( P < .001).

Conclusion:

The presence of BB, in particular the appearance of kissing contusions, was related to greater knee laxity and higher incidences of complete ACL injury and concomitant injuries in acute noncontact ACL injury. For patients with kissing contusions, as the location of BB on the LFC moved forward and the distance between kissing contusions increased, anterior and rotational knee laxity became more serious.