bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
GEOINFORMATION SYSTEMS IN FOREST RESOURCES MONITORING
Authors: Savkov P. , Levinskova N. , Bondarchuk G. , Postarnichenko N.
Published: October 2021

The total area of the forest fund of Ukraine is 10400000 hectares, of which 9600000 hectares are covered with forest vegetation. In total, 15.9 % of the country's area is covered by forests. This figure is growing: in 50 years the area of forests increased by 21 %, almost three times increased stock of wood – it is estimated within 2102 million cubic meters. But this is not enough. Today there are a number of problems connected with forestry, for example: mass destruction of forests, lack of forest development strategy, low level of forest resources use, lack of reliable information about the biomass condition, forest fires. According to the State Agency of Forest Resources of Ukraine, the volume of unauthorized felling has been steadily decreasing for a long time, during 2005-2010. However, already in 2011 it was 25,100 cubic meters, which is 2.2 thousand more than in the previous year, 2007. However, this statistic, too, is mostly about illegal logging by local people, so it reflects very small volumes. The largest number of poached logging is recorded in the Lviv region. For example, in 2018 in the region 12,047 cubic meters of wood were illegally cut, and the figures do not stand still. As a consequence, this situation over time can lead to environmental degradation, increased water and wind erosion, degradation of agricultural land. The forest industry is one of the promising industries in Ukraine, for which it is advisable to use the tools of geographic information systems that provide detailed and necessary information, which greatly simplifies the work in research, analysis and prediction of the dynamics of the forestry fund of Ukraine. With the help of geospatial analysis tools we open up new horizons in the development and organization of forestry production, control and management of forests at all levels. This is why in today's conditions the introduction of geoinformation technologies can not only save money, but also save large areas of the forest fund and hundreds of diligent villages, settlements and cities. The events that took place in April 2020 showed that the lack of active monitoring of burning areas has painful consequences. The fire destroyed almost 40 houses in the resettled villages, Lichmans Srednyaya Rudnya, Nizhnyaya Rudnya and Verkhnyaya Rudnya, 45 buildings were saved, about 5 % of the protected area, 11500 hectares in the southwestern part of the Chernobyl Reserve were affected. These villages in Zhytomyr region were resettled after Chernobyl. More than 2000 people and 120 units of equipment were involved in extinguishing the fireі.
Scarab Amulet-Beads from 1st–2nd Century Children’s Burials at a Necropolis on the Iluraton Plateau, Eastern Crimea
Authors: Tarasenko M. O. , Khanutina Z. V.
Published: October 2021

We describe a group of Egyptian faience scarabs unearthed from the necropolis on the Iluraton Plateau, Eastern Crimea, by the expedition from the State Museum of the History of Religion (St. Petersburg) in 1987–1990. Artifacts made of so-called Egyptian faience were found in eight of the sixty-two burials—those of g irls aged below 1.5, dating to the 1st to early 2nd centuries AD. The most numerous among the faience items were beads in the form of scarabs. The analysis shows them to fall into three groups in terms of presence and nature of images on the reverse side: those without images (3 spec.), those with abstract images (3 spec.), and those with anthropo-zoomorphic images (2 spec.). In two cases, representations point to specifi c Egyptian workshops. Scarabs in girls’ burials of the Roman period elaborate on the thanatological imagery, which originated among the Scythian-Saka tribes of Eurasia in the mid-1st millennium BC.
Traces of the Dahaean and Sarmatian Cultural Legacy in Ancient Turan and Old Rus
Authors: Suleimanov R. H.
Published: October 2021

This study examines the migrations of the Dahae and Sarmatians—the two related early nomadic peoples of Middle Asia and Eastern Europe—directed to the south and west of their homeland. Archaeological, written, and folkloric sources make it possible to trace the migrations of the Dahae and Sarmatians over several centuries preceding the spread of Islam in Central Asia and of Christianity in Old Rus. The study focuses on mortuary monuments, temples, and sanctuaries, cross-shaped in plan view, of migrants and their descendants. A detailed analysis of the major southward migration of Dahae from the Lower Syr-Darya in the late 3rd to early 2nd BC is presented. This migration had a considerable effect on ethnic and cultural processes in Middle Asia. The migration aimed at conquering the lands of Alexander the Great’s descendants, who were rapidly losing control over them. Features of Dahaean culture are noticed in town planning, architecture, mortuary rites, armor, etc. over the entire territory they had captured. Southward migration of the descendants of the Dahae—people of the Kaunchi and Otrar cultures—from the Syr-Darya, led by the Huns, was part of the Great Migration. The Kaunchi people headed toward the oases of Samarkand and Kesh, the Otrar people toward the oasis of Bukhara, and those associated with the Dzhetyasar culture toward the Qarshi oasis. It is demonstrated that while the cross-shaped plan view of religious structures turned into the eight-petaled rosette, the fu neral rite did not change, remains of burials and charcoal are observed everywhere. Relics of the ScythoSarmatian legacy are seen in the culture of Old Rus. For instance, remains of the sanctuaries of Perun are walls and ditches arranged in a cruciform or eight-petaled fashion, fi lled with charcoal and bones of sacrifi ced animals, with a statue of the supreme Slavic deity, in the center. Early sanctuaries of Perun in Kiev and Khodosovichi were cruciate in plan view, while later ones on the banks of the Zbruch and the Volkhov rivers had octopetalous plans. Apparently they were infl uenced by the architectural traditions of Dahae and Sarmatians, who took part in the ethnogenetic processes in both Old Rus and Turan.
Endosülfan ve Metabolitlerinin Su Örneklerinde Vorteks Destekli Sıvı-Sıvı Mikro Ekstraksiyon ve Yüksek Performanslı Sıvı Kromatografi Kullanılarak Analizi
Authors: TÜRKYILMAZ Mehmet , KÜÇÜKÇONGAR Sezen
Published: October 2021

Endosülfan ve metabolitlerinin doğada bozunmaya karşı mukavemetinin yüksek oluşu, canlılarda biyobirikim özelliği ve çevresel taşınımı nedeniyle, yasal kullanımlarının sınırlandırılması/durdurulması sonrasında bile çevresel örneklerde tayin edilebilmekte, çevre ve halk sağlığı açısından risk oluşturmaktadır. Bununla birlikte endosülfan, izomerlerine benzer toksik özelliklere sahip farklı metabolitlere parçalanabilmektedir. Bu nedenle endosülfan kaynakları ve uzaklaştırma yöntemlerinin belirlenmesinde endosülfan ve metabolitlerinin birlikte analiz edilmesi ve bozunmalarının izlenmesi önemlidir. Bu çalışmada endosülfan ve metabolitlerinin birlikte analizlerinin yapılmasında vorteks destekli sıvı-sıvı mikroekstraksiyon (VALLME) ve sıvı kromatografi analizi yöntemi uygulanarak geri kazanım çalışmalarının optimizasyonu yapılmıştır. Endosülfan izomerlerinin ve metabolitlerinin ayrılması ve saptanması için GL science C18 reversed phase kolon ve UV/VIS/PDA ikili absorbans detektörü içeren Shimatzu Prominence-i 2030- 3d sıvı kromatograf cihazı kullanılmıştır. 1 mL/dk akış hızında asetonitril:su karışımı (70:30, v:v) mobil faz olarak kullanılmıştır. Endosülfan lakton, endosülfan sülfat, endosülfan eter, β-endosülfan ve α-endosülfan, sırasıyla 214 nm'de kolonda tutulma sürelerine göre belirlenmiştir. HPLC analizinden sonra en iyi kromatogram n-hekzan solventi ile elde edilmiş; bu nedenle bu solvent için en yüksek geri kazanım değerlerinin elde edilmesinde numune hacminin, solvent hacminin ve ekstraksiyon süresinin etkileri deneysel olarak araştırılmış ve değişkenler için optimal koşullar sırasıyla 10 mL, 200 µL ve 3 dakika olarak elde edilmiştir. Optimum koşullar altında, endosülfan lakton, endosülfan sülfat, endosülfan eter, β-endosülfan ve α-endosülfan için geri kazanım oranları sırasıyla %115.31, %91.1, %96.79, %103.06 ve %99.06 olarak belirlenmiştir.
Role of miR-6814-5p for the formation of T5, a heparanase variant, in renal cell carcinoma
Authors: ÖZZENGİN Berfin , ERGÜN Sercan
Published: October 2021

Purpose: The aim of this study is to investigate whether the overexpression of human heparanase protein (HPSE) alternative variant protein called T5 is caused by increased expression of miR-6814-5p in human renal cell carcinoma (RCC) cases. In addition, the possible correlation between the clinical parameters of RCC cases and the expression levels of T5 and miR-6814-5p was evaluated.

Materials and Methods: T5 and miR-6814-5p expression analysis was performed on ready-to-use RCC cDNA panel by qPCR method. This panel included 48 cDNA samples obtained from tumor tissues of 10 stage-1, 5 stage-2, 13 stage-3 and 11 stage-4 RCC patients and normal kidney tissues from 9 healthy individuals.

Results: There was no significant correlation between TNM stages, Fuhrman nuclear grade and histological type and miR-6814-5p and T5 expressions. The expression level of miR-6814-5p in RCC tumor tissues was about 8-fold higher and the T5 expression level about 5-fold higher than healthy controls. MiR-6814-5p and T5 expression changes were statistically significantly correlated with neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio of RCC cases.

Conclusion: MiR-6814-5p may play a role in the formation mechanism of T5 in RCC.
Solución analítica de la ecuación de Richards en suelos no saturados basada en el modelo de Gardner. Caso de difusividad constante
Authors: Sánchez Quispe Hugo Rolando , Chipantiza Juan Gabriel , Bonilla Amanda , Mendoza Julio Cesár
Published: October 2021

The main objective of this research was to find the analytical solution of the Richards equation, which is used to model the movement of water in an unsaturated porous medium, restricting the study to the downward vertical circulation of the fluid, with sources of moisture null and constant diffusivity in the soil.  The results indicate that using  Gardner's relationship, a solution for the moisture content in the soil of an exponential type is achieved, both in the spatial and temporal component,  reliant on the self-value, which restricts the particular solutions from  Gardner's model to a certain set of values. The main objective of this work was to find the analytical solution of the Richards equation, which is used to model the movement of water in an unsaturated porous medium, restricting the study to the downward vertical circulation of the fluid, with sources of moisture null and constant diffusivity in the soil. The constitutive relationship of Gardner was used. The results show that, using the Gardner relationship, a solution for the moisture content in the soil of an exponential type is achieved, both in the spatial and temporal component and dependent on the self-value γ, which restricts the particular solutions from the Gardner model to a certain set of values.
Empleo de VANT para determinar fallas superficiales en pavimentos flexibles
Authors: Peña Sotomayor María Paula , Zárate Torres Belizario Amador
Published: October 2021

The objective of this study is to evaluate the surface faults present in a flexible pavement of approximately 500 m  length through the use of UAV and to demonstrate the capacity of the images captured with it. This is an applied technological research and the quantitative approach was usedfor its development  The methodology focused on three stages, planning the study area, data collection and processing, and analysis of results. The sample was random, with 13 types of potholes and fissures. Data were obtained at an elevation of 40 meters high, capturing images every 2 seconds. The processing was done through photogrammetric software based on the SfM (Structure from Motion) algorithm. As a result, it is observed that the difference between measurements ranges from 0.17 to 5 cm. The standard deviation of the set of samples was 2.32 cm. The ability of UAV imaging for surface fault extraction was demonstrated. This system provides precise measurements of deterioration geometry, which  allows the improvement of road condition monitoring.
Inquiry-Based Learning Implementation to Improve Critical Thinking of Prospective Teachers
Authors:   Universitas Negeri Malang, Indonesia, Dewi Damajanti Kusuma , Ardhana Wayan , Irtadji  , Chusniyah Tutut , Sulianti Ambar
Published: October 2021

Teachers must possess critical thinking skills to become good facilitators in the education process to produce students with high-order thinking skills. This research aims to evaluate the implementation of the inquiry-based learning (IBL) method in improving the critical thinking (CT) skills of prospective teachers with their own learning styles. An experimental study is the research method used in this research with the matching-only pretest–posttest with a control group design. The selected participants consisted of two groups of prospective teachers, a total of 76 people with low critical thinking skills and 50 people with very low skills. The experimental group was given the IBL method, while the control group was given the problem-based learning method, which refers to the latest curriculum. Treatment is given for 8 weeks. The statistical analysis used includes Wilcoxon, Mann–Whitney, and Kruskal–Wallis followed by post hoc. The results of this study show an increase in critical thinking in both the experimental group and the control group. However, the increase in the experimental group was significantly higher than the control group. The increase in experimental group with low and very low CT group did not differ significantly. On the other hand, in the control group, the increase in CT in the low group was significantly higher than the very low group. Furthermore, the Kruskal–Wallis difference test in the experimental group based on learning styles showed that prospective teachers with converging learning styles were more able to follow the IBL method compared to other learning styles.
Why do Generative Learning Strategy Improve Memory in VR? — Based on ICALM
Authors:   the Faculty of Education, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin, China, Yang Wenya , Wang Xue
Published: October 2021

Generative learning strategies interconnect with cognition and emotion. Based on one-factorial experimental design, 75 participants were randomly assigned to study a chemical Virtual Reality (VR) lesson in one of three conditions: VR, VR+ summarizing, and VR+ self-testing. An emWave system was used to record the learners’ emotional state during learning. The learners’ learning outcomes were measured with retention tests, learning experiences were measured with instruments. The results showed that compared to the students were given a VR lesson without generative learning strategy, 1) the students who engaged in generative self-testing strategy during learning displayed more positive emotions in the cognition process, more positive ratings after learning, and higher memory test scores; 2) the students who engaged in generative summary strategy during learning showed more positive emotions in the cognition process, but lower immediate memory scores. These findings give new evidence to explaining how generative summarizing and self-testing learning strategies affect learning based VR.
Perancangan Blanking Compound Dies pada Mesin Press Sinao Kapasitas 250 kN untuk Proses Pembuatan Ring M20
Authors: Erwanto Erwanto , Hidayat Taufiq , Lestari Nidia , Waluyo Joko
Published: October 2021

In this design, the product we want to make is a die for the M 20 ring because the die we designed is helpful for student learning (practicum) at the Mechanical Technology Laboratory. The ring manufacturing process is carried out using one blanking compound dies. The blanking and piercing processes are carried out in one operation, thus saving time and money. This dies planning includes the process of designing dimensions and other supporting tools using the SolidWorks 2017 application. This design aims to produce blanking compound dies designs on press machines for the M20 ring manufacturing process with little or no defects and estimate the cost of making blanking compound dies. The method of analysis using Solidworks 2017 software includes displacement, von misses stress, safety factor. The results obtained from the 2017 SolidWorks analysis are to estimate the wear life of the punch and die to anticipate product failures. The material used in this ring is SAPH440 as defined in JIS 3113, starting from 2 mm to 14 mm. At the same time, the one we use for the M20 ring has a thickness of 2 mm. Based on the dies design calculations and data analysis that has been carried out, it is concluded that the use of blanking compound dies can reduce product defects due to dimensional accuracy in the dies and accelerate the production process of ring making.
A comparative study on feto-maternal outcome in patients with meconium stained liquor versus clear liquor
Authors: Patel Kalpesh , Rastogi Radha
Published: October 2021

Background: Meconium is sterile, thick, black-green, odourless material, formed by accumulation of debris in the fetal intestine. This meconium, when leaks out intra-natally, due to hypoxia, can change the whole scenario, increasing intra-natal foetal risk, morbidity, and possibly causing mortality, depending upon the operative factors. Aims and objectives were to know the perinatal outcome in patients with meconium stained amniotic fluid. To study the complications of meconium stained amniotic fluid in the neonates.Methods: Reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (RTPCR) negative women, gestational age >37 weeks with cephalic presentation and singleton pregnancy with meconium stained liquor (grade I, II, and III) after spontaneous or artificial rupture of membranes during labour. Delivery was expedited, when fetal heart rate abnormalities were detected, by safest mode of delivery. The Apgar score of neonates, neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) admission, number of days of hospitalization and birth asphyxia were recorded.Results: A Total 11 patients with pre-eclampsia which presented with meconium stained liquor (MSL). 6 patients with prolonged labour presented with MSL. 8 had thin, 15 had thick MSL and 3 patients of clear liquor. 2 children developed persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn (PPHN) in case of MSL group. 25 children required oxygen support and antibiotics after delivery. Mean hospital stay was 2.81 days in MSL and 1.33 days in clear liquor group.Conclusions: Chronic hypoxia is more damaging and dangerous than acute hypoxia, due to longer time it has continued the damage. This can be very effectively achieved by improving the Antenatal care, and intra natal vigilance. Proper monitoring of patients in intrapartum period of following parameters like fetal heart sound, uterine contractions, fetal movements.
Maternal and fetal outcome in preterm premature rupture of membrane
Authors: Sharma Mamta , Agrwal Monika , Goudappagoudra Hemavati
Published: October 2021

Background: The objective was to study the maternal and fetal outcome in women with premature rupture of membranes.Methods: It was a prospective analytic hospital based study, study population include 100 obstetrics cases of singleton pregnancy with gestational age of 28 week to 36 week with spontaneous rupture of membranes over a period of 2 years, 100 pregnant women without PROM upto 36 completed week taken as control. Detailed clinical examination of the patient was done to see any co-morbidity. Data was collected using a performa. Detailed workup including history, general physical examination, abdominal and pelvic examination and relevant specific investigation were noted.Results: PROM occurs more frequently in primigravida compared to that of multigravida (p=0.679). Risk factors unknown factors 71% and history of coitus 5% UTI (p=0.001) which was highly significant, incidence of LSCS were found higher in PROM than in controls (p<0.05) which was statistically significant. Out of all vaginal deliveries, percentage of patients who had spontaneous labour were 69.86%, while 30.14% were induced, 60% of cases was spontaneous out of which 51% delivered successfully vaginally and, 9% landed in cesarean section. 16% were given prostaglandin gel out of which 10% delivered successfully. 8% were augmented by oxytocin of which 6% delivered successfully and 2% landed in cesarean section. Out of 100 cases studies, 24% accounted for respiratory distress syndrome, while 6% in control group. 12% septicemia in study group (p=0.001) which was highly significant value, while conjunctivitis, neonatal jaundice (hyperbilirubinaemia) and intraventricular haemorrhage accounted for 2%, 3%, and 2% each.Conclusions: Present study concluded that most common cause of PPROM was unknown. Most common maternal morbidity was puerperal fever and neonatal morbidity was respiratory distress. Maternal and fetal morbidity increases with increase in duration between rupture of membranes and delivery of fetus, so augmentation of labour should be done.
A randomized control study of titrated and oral misoprostol solution for induction of labor at term
Authors: Sharma Barbie , Dhar Tapasya , Goyal Sunita
Published: October 2021

Background: Quest for an induction method with safety, efficacy, feasibility, low cost, and patient preference is a constant pursuit for all obstetricians. Oral misoprostol is one such method which has been shown to be effective in achieving vaginal birth and has been recommended by WHO (2011) and FIGO (2012) for induction of labor. This study aimed to evaluate effectiveness and safety of hourly titrated oral misoprostol solution in comparison with two hourly static-dose oral misoprostol solution for induction of labor at term.Methods: Single centre interventional single-blinded randomized controlled trial conducted in a tertiary care centre in Ludhiana. 264 term pregnant women were randomly given titrated (group A) or static oral misoprostol solution (group B) till the onset of active labor. Induction to delivery time was the primary outcome measure while the secondary outcome measures pertained to efficacy and safety of the regimens.Results: 268 women were randomized, 4 patients were excluded from analysis because of drop out, leaving 264 women for intention to treat analysis. The mean interval between induction and delivery was 16.19±10.48 hours in group A and 15.28±8.34 hours in group B (p>0.10, NS). 71 women (53.8%) in group A and 72 women (54.5%) in group B had vaginal delivery within 24 hours (p>0.10, NS). 40.9% women in group B required more than 8 hours to receive the required number of doses as compared with 8.3% women in dose group A (p<0.01, SS). Oxytocin requirement was significantly higher in group A (76.5%) as compared to group B (59.8%) (p<0.05, SS). Incidence of fetal and maternal complications, rate of cesarean section and instrumental delivery was comparable between the two groups (p>0.10, NS).Conclusions: Titrated oral misoprostol, considering its efficacy, safety and time saving is comparable to WHO recommended static oral misoprostol.
Non-erosive gastroesophageal reflux disease determination criteria by functional tests: a predictive model based on multivariate analysis
Authors: Aponte Raúl , Daulabani Nefertiti , De Jesús Zuleyma , Rengifo Soberanía , Pérez-Ybarra Luis
Published: October 2021

Background: Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) in 2009 presented a prevalence of 11.5% in Venezuela. It is a complex, multifactorial disease that is difficult to define, since it consists of several signs and symptoms that may or may not coexist together, both in the presence and absence of the disease.Methods: A prospective study was conducted that consisted of a group of 85 patients diagnosed with non-erosive gastroesophageal reflux disease (NERD) and 20 asymptomatic volunteers. Functional tests were conducted on both groups that included high resolution manometry, 24-hour pH-metry - impedance study. The chi-square independence test, principal component analysis and multiple correspondence analysis were applied to identify which variables showed greater association and importance for the diagnosis of NERD.Results: The results indicated that it is possible to establish a rapid diagnostic test based on the solid drink test, distal contraction index, peristaltic jumps and presence of heartburn with a sensitivity of 96% and specificity of 90%.Conclusions: It is possible to establish a NERD rapid diagnostic test based on functional tests.
Prevalence of co-morbidities in hospitalized patients with COVID-19 in a COVID dedicated hospital
Authors: Kinge Kirti Vinayak , Chavan Smita Santosh , Adsul Balkrishna , Kumbhar Maharudra
Published: October 2021

Background: A novel corona virus causing severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection become a public health emergency of international concern. The infection has increased and caused pandemic. Underlying co-morbidities may worsen the clinical outcome. So, more attention is to be given to COVID patients with co-morbidities. Few studies have been conducted on the prevalence of predominant chronic diseases with COVID-19. Taking into consideration the above factors, a study has been undertaken to assess the prevalence of co-morbidities in a COVID dedicated hospital.Methods: A centre based retrospective study was carried out at a COVID dedicated hospital, Mumbai. All admitted patients of COVID 19 in a COVID dedicated hospital, Mumbai were selected in 4 and half months (19th March 2020 to 31st July 2020) by universal sampling technique. Patients above 20 years were included in the study and patients below 20 years were excluded from the study. Ethics Committee approval taken from an institutional ethics committee.Results: All 6072 patients who were above 20 years were included in the study. Mean age was 48 years and 67.7% were male. The prevalence of various co-morbidities was 25% for hypertension, 22.3% for diabetes mellitus, 5.2% for chronic kidney disease, 1.7% for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, 0.9% for cerebrovascular disease and 0.3% for one or the other malignancy.Conclusions: It has been concluded that various co-morbidities are present in patients with COVID-19 which may worsen the clinical outcome. So, more attention is to be given to COVID patients with co-morbidities.
A study on awareness on allergic disorders and allergen immunotherapy among medical practitioners
Authors: Gowda Giriyanna , S. Pruthvi , Phaneendra M. S. , Nagaraj Chitra
Published: October 2021

Background: Allergy is a common ailment affecting more than 20% of the population worldwide. Allergic patients suffer from a debilitating disease with a major impact on their quality of life, work and school performance. Allergic disorders can be debilitating, with a major impact on their quality of life, work and school performance. AIT (Allergen immunotherapy), modify the natural history of allergic disease and prevent the progression of allergic respiratory diseases by maintaining a long-lasting effect. Since the awareness among medical practitioners plays very important role in advising AIT for allergy patients, we attempted to conduct this study.Methods: This was a descriptive study done for a period of three months from December 2016 to February 2017. The 110 study subjects were recruited through purposive sampling. Doctors of various specialties and general practitioners were interviewed using self-administered, semi-structured questionnaire.Results: There were 73 (66.36%) males and 37 (33.64%) females. Mean age of the medical practitioners was 35.73±13.07 (Mean±SD). 98 (89.09%) of the practitioners were aware of skin prick test for the diagnosis of allergy, 70 (63.3%) subjects had heard term AIT, 59 (84.28%) were aware about subcutaneous immunotherapy (SCIT) and 25 (35.71%) of sublingual immunotherapy (SLIT). Forty-four (62.96%) were not advising immunotherapy for their patients in spite of having awareness on immunotherapy. The common reasons for not advising immunotherapy were long duration of treatment, high cost, less effective, not available in India, fear of side effects and others.Conclusions: Though the awareness among medical practitioners on AIT was good, majority are not advising because of long duration of treatment, high cost, less effective, not available in India, fear of side effects and others.
A comparative assessment of flexibility of backline and strength of lower limb in bharatnatyam dancers and non-dancers
Authors: Otari Shreya M. , Puntambekar Anjali
Published: October 2021

Background: Bharatnatyam is an Indian classical dance form which have been practiced for a long period of time and is equivalent to any sporting activity. The postures attained during this dance form require good amount of muscle strength and flexibility among the dancers. There is lack of research on flexibility of backline and lower limb strength in bharatnatyam dancers. The overall function of the superficial backline is to support the body in full upright extension and impacts musculoskeletal dynamics. The lumbar lordosis angle and the pelvic inclination angle in bharatnatyam dancers is more than the non-dancers which can affect the backline flexibility. This study analysed if there is any difference, in the lower limb strength and flexibility of backline as compared to participants of same age group.Methods: 10 bharatnatyam dancers and 10 non-dancers between 15 to 30 years participated in this study. Triple hop distance test for both sides and toe touch test was used to check the strength of lower limb and flexibility of backline respectively.Results: There was significant difference in the triple hop distance of right lower limb between bharatnataym dancers and non-dancers. There was no significant difference in the triple hop distance of left lower limb between the two groups. There was not quite significant difference in the toe touch test of between the two groups.Conclusions: There was significant difference in the strength and power of right lower limb of dancers as compared to right lower limb of non-dancers. There was no statistical difference in the left lower limb of both the groups. There was no statistical difference between the flexibility of backline of bharatnatyam dancers and non-dancers.
The relationship between Apgar score and gender with the incidence of neonatal sepsis: systematic review
Authors: Lidya Merry , Fetriyah Umi Hanik , Rahmayani Dini , Ariani Malisa
Published: October 2021

Neonatal sepsis is a cause of mordibity and mortality in newborns that causes long-term complications that can lead to death. One of risk factors for neonatal sepsis in infants is the Apgar score and gender. The aim of the study was to analyze the relationship between Apgar score and gender with the incidence of neonatal sepsis. This study was systematic review, in searching sourced from six databases (EBSCO, Clinicalkey Nursing, PubMed, ProQuest, Science Direct and Springer Link). In searching for studies using the PICOS framework, the selection study used The Joanna Brigss Guideline Critical Appraisal. The literature used was 14 studies. The results of this study were from 14 literatures used, the average total incidence of neonatal sepsis was 0.356 (35.6%).10 of the 14 literatures stated that the 5th minute Apgar score of less than seven (<7) could be an independent predictor of the risk of neonatal sepsis with a mean risk of 16.9% (p value<0.01) and there were 8 from 14 literatures which states that there is a significant relationship between gender and the incidence of male gender morbidity with a risk of 1.02 (p value=0.00). The results showed that there was a relationship between Apgar scores and gender with the incidence of neonatal sepsis. Therefore, nurses or birth attendants need to be vigilant and take preventive measures if they find babies have Apgar scores and male sex as signs of a possible higher risk of neonatal sepsis in newborns.
Second wave COVID crisis, social responsibility and social stigma in India
Authors: Madheswaran Manoj
Published: October 2021

India, the second most populous country in the world and home of 1.30 billion population sees sudden emergence of Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) since 2020. Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) is the virus that is responsible for this global pandemic. The origin of this virus is still unknown. This pandemic causes heavy impact on its health infrastructure. Although this pandemic hit at global level, this review is particularly highlight the pandemic situation and how it is being tackled in India. During April and May 2021, due to the high surge of cases, India had reported several million numbers of COVID-19 affected people. During this course of tackling this pandemic, India sees a huge surge of vaccine hesitancy due to various factors. Data suggests that the virus affects younger age groups as well. This review tends to highlight the actual situation and major factors contributed to COVID-19 pandemic in India, also to highlight India’s vaccine policy. To shed light on what went wrong and what can be learned from COVID-19 crisis in India. This data presents important results regarding the COVID‐19 pandemic in India.
Dermatological manifestations in COVID-19 positive patients in a tertiary care center at Kanchipuram: an observational study
Authors: Duvvuru Vaishnavi , Sadagopan K. , Sneha M.
Published: October 2021

Background: Among the other systemic manifestations of COVID-19, cutaneous manifestations are also seen increasingly, but literature about those are significantly less. The skin manifestations in COVID are polymorphic according to studies. The aim of the study was to determine the cutaneous manifestations in COVID-19 positive patients at a tertiary care centre in Kanchipuram.

Methods: The ethics committee approved this study in our institution. The study period was 6 months (May 2020-October 2020) and those found to be SARS‐CoV‐2 positive after testing with RT‐PCR test were enrolled.

Results: In 200 patients, 20 (10%) patients had dermatological manifestations, of which urticaria was present in 7 patients (35%), pruritus was present in 4 patients (20%), 2 (10%) had urticarial vasculitis, 3 (15%) had miliaria rubra, 2 (10%) had mask induced acne and 2 (10%) had maculopapular rash. The presence of dermatological manifestations did not show any significant association between asymptomatic and symptomatic cases.

Conclusions: COVID-19 positive patients asymptomatic or symptomatic with mild to moderate symptoms can have less dermatological manifestations.
Homologous autoimplantation; an effective modality in the treatment of multiple warts; a non-randomized interventional study at a tertiary care hospital in North-Eastern India
Authors: Chhangte Mary Zothanpuii , Verma Shikha , Marak Anita , Thakur Binod Kumar
Published: October 2021

Background: Although there are multiple treatment options, viral warts are known for their persistence and recurrence. Surgical autoimmunization is believed to work by inducing a cell-mediated immune response to clear verrucae-inducing human papillomavirus from the body.

Methods: The study was conducted as a non-randomized interventional study at a Tertiary Care Hospital in North Eastern India. All patients above 18 years of age attending the Dermatology Clinic who were diagnosed as having multiple warts were included in the study. Autoinoculation was performed after taking patient’s consent and patients were followed up monthly for 3 months. Photographs were taken at each visit to have an objective comparison, and results assessed at the end of 3 months.

Results: Out of 65 patients, 18 patients were lost to follow up and 47 patients completed the study. Complete resolution was found in 17 patients and 10 patients had partial resolution at the end of the study. The response was higher in those from the rural population compared to those from the urban areas and also in those with a short duration of the disease.

Conclusions: Autoinoculation is an effective and safe treatment modality especially in palmoplantar warts. Early intervention is required as the response was better in patients with a short duration of the disease, which was statistically significant. Further studies should be done in other clinical variants of warts to see for significant response.
Hyperbaric oxygen therapy as an adjunctive treatment for pyoderma gangrenosum: a case report
Authors: Katz Alan A. , Thomson Kristin , Amin Ursa
Published: October 2021

Pyoderma gangrenosum is an uncommon inflammatory dermatosis associated with chronic wounds. Diagnosis and management can be challenging to clinicians due to the relapsing nature of the disorder, atypical presentations, and exclusion of other conditions before diagnosis. Hyperbaric oxygen therapy is not a mainstay of treatment for pyoderma gangrenosum, but it is used for non-healing wounds associated with diabetes and vascular insufficiency due to its primary mechanism of tissue hyperoxia, resultant angiogenesis, and reduction of edema and inflammation. This case report presents two patients with pyoderma gangrenosum who were provided adjunctive therapy with hyperbaric oxygen with favorable outcomes.
Sexual abuse leading to secondary syphilis in an intellectually disabled person: a case report
Authors: Munusamy Rajesh , Nagaraja Nithin
Published: October 2021

Syphilis is a sexual transmitted infection (STI) caused by a spirochete, Treponema pallidum. Condylomata lata is a characteristic lesion seen in secondary syphilis. Here we reported a case of 24 year old unmarried male with intellectual disability who presented with condyloma lata over the scrotum, prepuce and perianal region and with moth eaten alopecia over scalp since 1 month. Here the patients mother revealed he had promiscuous relationship with multiple friends, which is a sexual abuse since the patient is intellectually disabled. Clinically diagnosed as secondary syphilis. Venereal disease research laboratory (VDRL) test titre was reactive at 1:32 and Treponema pallidum hemagglutination test (TPHA) was positive. Biopsy was also done, which confirmed diagnosis. Single dose of injection benzathine penicillin G, 2.4 million units was administered intramuscularly. Patient did not develop a Jarisch-herxheimer reaction. On follow up his lesions healed and VDRL titres also came down and non-reactive at 3 months. Here in this case sexual abuse lead to secondary syphilis since patient was intellectually disabled so he couldn’t address his complaints clearly. Hence counselling was done to the patient and family members by dermatologist and psychiatrist.

 
DNA fountain: As storage system
Authors: Patel Sohan , Patel Darshan
Published: October 2021

There are some new technologies introduced by scientist named “DNA Fountain”. This is a way to secureand keep data safely as long as possible. 455EB of data can be encoded in1 gm of single std. DNA. Atearly 20th century researchers did they effort to developed new technology for storing data it should be eco-friendly which does not produce any waste however that the development of that is very struggling andtedious but with the constant effort in this area make that possible. Castillo states that ‘all the informationin the entire internet could be located in device which is lesser than unit cubic inch. Goldman’s and someresearcher’s took a data file and that it was converted into the binary code and that they created effective andefficient relationship between binary code (0, 1) and genetic code (A, C, G, T) and then they synthesizedthe New DNA from the freshly made nucleotide sequences according to the binary code they also achievedsuccess however that, bigger problem is to retrieved the encoded data from DNA that problem solved bythe Bronholt. They developed efficient process for decoding the data from DNA finally, they achieve theall data which is encoded in DNA and also, they developed the calibrated and accurate method for that andthat technology named “DNA Fountain” Now a days that technology is on progress for more innovation inthis area.
Biomedical applications and therapeutic potential of marine natural products and marine algae
Authors: Khanam Sofia , Prakash Aman
Published: October 2021

Recently there is an increase in the interest in the secondary or non-primary metabolites produced by the marine flora and fauna. It has become the center of attraction of chemists and pharmacologists in the previous decades. Stakeholders of the natural viewpoint emphasize that the examination of new and unusual organic molecules from marine organisms while the synthetic stakeholders' faiths in targeting these novel structures for the development of new analogs and new synthetic strategies and methodologies. The chemistry of marine organisms has changed dramatically in concern of investigating rationale. Analogous to the examination of terrestrial plants, many of the recent research and studies have concentrated on the potential application of marine extracted products in the treatment, curing of human diseases, and various other works. Marine products are the major components having biomedical-oriented natural products which can be used for various purposes. Marine natural products have enough potential to work prominently and also assisting in various kinds of human needs and works. In this review, we will be focusing on prominently their works, role in biomedical-related aspects.
Protective effect of human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes on rat retinal neurons in hyperglycemia through the brain-derived neurotrophic factor/TrkB pathway
Authors:   College of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China, Gao Xiang , Zhang Xiao-Tian ,   Tianjin Eye Hospital, Tianjin 300020, China; Clinical College of Ophthalmology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300020, China, Chen Song ,   College of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China; Tianjin Eye Hospital, Tianjin 300020, China; Clinical College of Ophthalmology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300020, China
Published: October 2021

AIM: To explore whether human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cell (hUCMSC)-derived exosomes (hUCMSC-Exos) protect rat retinal neurons in high-glucose (HG) conditions by activating the brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF)-TrkB pathway.
METHODS: hUCMSC-Exos were collected with differential ultracentrifugation methods and observed by transmission electron microscopy. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs) was used to quantify BDNF in hUCMSC-Exos, and Western blot was used to identify surface markers of hUCMSC-Exos. Rat retinal neurons were divided into 4 groups. Furthermore, cell viability, cell apoptosis, and TrkB protein expression were measured in retinal neurons.
RESULTS: hUCMSCs and isolated hUCMSC-Exos were successfully cultured. All hUCMSC-Exos showed a diameter of 30 to 150 nm and had a phospholipid bimolecular membrane structure, as observed by transmission electron microscopy. ELISA showed the BDNF concentration of hUCMSCs-Exos was 2483.16±281.75. hUCMSCs-Exos effectively reduced the apoptosis of retinal neuron rate and improved neuron survival rate, meanwhile, the results of immunofluorescence verified the fluorescence intensity of TrKB in neurons increased. And all above effects were reduced by treated hUCMSCs-Exos with BDNF inhibitors. hUCMSC-Exos effectively reduced the apoptosis rate of retinal neurons by activating the BDNF-TrkB pathway in a HG environment.
CONCLUSION: In the HG environment, hUCMSC-Exos could carry BDNF into rat retinal neurons, inhibiting neuronal apoptosis by activating the BDNF-TrkB pathway.
Incidence, prevalence, and demographic characteristics of ocular cicatricial pemphigoid in Colombia: data from the National Health Registry 2009-2019
Authors:   Neuroscience Research Group, Escuela de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad del Rosario, Bogotá 111221, Colombia, Cifuentes-González Carlos , Reyes-Guanes Juliana ,   Escuela Barraquer Research Group, Escuela Superior de Oftalmología del Instituto Barraquer de América, Bogotá 110111, Colombia, Uribe-Reina Pilar ,   Neuroscience Research Group, Escuela de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad del Rosario, Bogotá 111221, Colombia; Escuela Barraquer Research Group, Escuela Superior de Oftalmología del Instituto Barraquer de América, Bogotá 110111, Colombia, de-la-Torre Alejandra ,   Neuroscience Research Group, Escuela de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad del Rosario, Bogotá 111221, Colombia
Published: October 2021

AIM: To provide an epidemiological characterization of ocular cicatricial pemphigoid (OCP) in Colombia.
METHODS: We conducted a cross-sectional study using SISPRO. We applied the specific code of the International Classification of Diseases for Ocular Pemphigoid, from 2009-2019 to estimate prevalence, incidence, and the demographic status of the disease in Colombia.
RESULTS: The estimated average prevalence was 0.22 per 1 000 000 inhabitants, and the estimated average incidence was 0.24 per 1 000 000 inhabitants. With a female predominance of 62.5%, and a male/female ratio of 1:1.6. The group of patients diagnosed with the disease after the age of 80 presented the highest prevalence. The departments with the highest prevalence were Antioquia, Bogotá, and Santander.
CONCLUSION: There are important differences between worldwide and Colombian prevalence and incidence data, which may be related to genetic and epigenetic factors, and the possible underdiagnosis of the disease. According to the results, OCP is an extremely rare disease in Colombia. Nevertheless, it is important to encourage awareness of the disease due to its devastating consequences.
Los límites materiales de la consulta popular en el Ecuador
Authors: Yépez María , Guerrero del Pozo Juan Francisco
Published: October 2021

El presente artículo analiza los límites constitucionales de la consulta popular, reconocida en el artículo 104 de la Constitución ecuatoriana. Para ello, primero se examina la importancia de la consulta popular, pero también se identifican algunas de sus desventajas, que nos llevan a cuestionar su eficacia para hacer realidad la participación ciudadana. Posteriormente, se justifica la necesidad de realizar una interpretación sistemática de la Constitución para poder determinar el alcance de la consulta popular y se analizan los límites materiales de este mecanismo de participación, sobre la base de una lectura integral del texto constitucional y de una mirada crítica a la jurisprudencia de la Corte Constitucional.