bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Impact of Knowing the Profile of Online Shoppers on Online Shopping: Evidence From City of Berat, Albania
Authors: Buhaljoti Ana , Habili Mateus , Abazi Arjan
Published: July 2022

Electronic commerce is a type of business in which all transactions are carried out online and the seller and buyer do not meet in person, as in traditional commerce. E-commerce has been steadily increasing over the last decade, and it is now a popular method of shopping in many parts of the globe. As more businesses are switching to online sales, their sales strategies are adapting to the needs of their online customers, including customers demographic and psychographic characteristics. Therefore, in an effort to understand and compare the segments of online shoppers, this research aims on understanding the profile of online shoppers and their implications on online shopping in Albania. The particular interest of this study is to understand the characteristics and profiles of the online shoppers for marketers in virtual business in Albania. The target respondents of the study were internet users located in the city of Berat and a survey questionnaire was used to collect the data from 389 respondents. The sample selection is probabilistic with 95% reliability level and 5% margin of error as the total population of the city of Berat is 119,450 inhabitants. The reliability analysis based on Cronbach Alpha test and Chi square test were used to test the hypotheses and the statistical program Spss 24 for data processing and analysis. The findings reveal that most of the online shoppers are females, between the age of 20 to 24 years old, have a university degree, and an average monthly income of up to 61. 000 All and tend to buy products at average prices. The research findings on online shoppers profile further indicate that gender does not affect the frequency of online shopping ; trust does not affect the frequency of online shopping; but price affects the frequency of online purchases. Thus, online businesses should focus on convenience, price, branding to impact online shoppers. The implications of the findings for practice are further discussed.
Plataformas digitales como herramientas para el Marketing de Afiliados
Authors:   Instituto Tecnológico Universitario Rumiñahui, Santillán Gustavo , Ortega Ricardo , Bravo Willman
Published: July 2022

El 2020 fue uno de los años donde sucedieron las transformaciones más abruptas de las últimas décadas, producto de la pandemia. Es por ello que, los emprendedores digitales aceleraron las ideas de negocios para promover y comercializar bienes y servicios usando canales online, que generen considerables comisiones económicas y no requieran de mayores inversiones. Desde esta perspectiva surge la necesidad de incentivar el uso de plataformas E-Commerce de marketing de afiliados para vender productos digitales (videos, e-books, podcasts), descargables o consumibles de forma online empleando un dispositivo móvil, computador o tablet. El objetivo del presente estudio es determinar si las plataformas digitales están generando ganancias a los emprendedores (El alojador-el creador del contenido digital y el vendedor o marketers) y comprobar si este modelo de negocios es una alternativa viable postpandemia. El Marketing de afiliados en Ecuador está en un proceso incipiente, no obstante, se evidencia un repunte favorable hacia el crecimiento y la consolidación de estas nuevas formas de comercializar. Se espera comprobar con el análisis documental y bibliográfico la factibilidad para todos los implicados en el proceso de transacción del marketing de afiliados: En el que el consumidor gana tiempo y conocimientos, además puede valorar y evaluar los diferentes productos alojados en la plataforma y comprar el que más se ajuste a sus necesidades e intereses. De igual forma, el alojador, el realizador y el vendedor obtienen experiencias y comisiones, que se traducen en ingresos económicos.
APPLICATION OF THE LEGAL POSITIONS OF THE EUROPEAN COURT OF HUMAN RIGHTS IN THE JUSTICE OF UKRAINE
Authors: Zavhorodnii Vitalii
Published: July 2022

The article examines the peculiarities of the application of the legal positions of the European Court of Human Rights in the national justice.

According to the results of the study, the proposed algorithm of application legal positions of the Council of Europe Court: 1) in order to comply with current legislation to take into account the practice of the Strasbourg court. 2) first of all, it is necessary to single out those of them that were adopted against Ukraine; 3) in the absence of such judgments of the Council of Europe Court, it is necessary to determine those which have recently been adopted against other States Parties to the Convention which are closest in the circumstances of the case to the case before the judge; 4) in the presence of a pilot and ordinary decision of the European Court of Human Rights with similar circumstances of the case, national judicial authorities should take into account the legal position of the decision that is closest in its context to Ukraine.

The criteria of relevance of taking into account the legal positions of the Strasbourg court in the administration of national justice are proposed, namely: a) similarity of the subject of regulation (relations related to violation of convention rights and / or human freedoms), b) similarity of conflict situations, ways of committing violations of convention norms by public authorities; c) the similarity of the current national legislation (both substantive and procedural law) and the practice of its interpretation and application by the authorized subjects of the respondent state; d) similarity of procedures that provide for the possibility of restoration of the violated right at the national level (possibility to appeal, appeal against actions or decisions, appeal, etc.).

Key words: application, legal positions, European Court of Human Rights, relevance, established case law, interpretation of convention rules.
THE ROLE OF THE STATE JUDICIAL ADMINISTRATION OF UKRAINE IN THE ORGANIZATIONAL SUPPORT OF JUSTICE
Authors: Lopushynskyy Taras
Published: July 2022

In recent years, due to numerous transformations of the legal framework for the functioning of the judiciary, the scientific community has focused on the fundamentals of the judiciary, the legal status of courts, the features of judicial protection of human rights and other important aspects of judicial law. Naturally, the issue of organizational support of justice is a derivative compared to the issues of the judiciary and the legal status of courts and judges. However, we should not forget that even in the context of reforms, the courts continue to operate and the bodies responsible for the organizational support of justice operate. And in this case, the problems of ineffective legal regulation and the implementation of organizational support of justice often make it impossible to achieve the effectiveness of any reforms, and often nullify them. Considering the above, it is critical to revive the scientific discussion on the issues of organizational support of the judiciary. The purpose of the article is to substantiate the role of the State Judicial Administration in the organizational support of justice. The article reviews the role of the State Judicial Administration in the organizational support of justice. Emphasis is placed on the European integration discourse of the study of the legal status of the SJA. Conceptual -categorical, structural-functional and organizational aspects of determining the role of the SJA in the organizational support of justice are described. The importance of further research into the role of the SJA in the financial provision of full and independent justice, analysis of the communicative activity of the SJA in the system of organizational support of justice, as well as finding ways to stimulate innovation activity was emphasized.

Key words: State Judicial Administration of Ukraine, organizational support of justice, full and independent justice, system of subjects of organizational support of justice, innovation activity.
High-fidelity eye, head, body, and world tracking with a wearable device
Authors: DuTell Vasha , Gibaldi Agostino , Focarelli Giulia , Olshausen Bruno A. , Banks Martin S.
Published: July 2022

We describe the design and performance of a high-fidelity wearable head-, body-, and eye-tracking system that offers significant improvement over previous such devices. This device’s sensors include a binocular eye tracker, an RGB-D scene camera, a high-frame-rate scene camera, and two visual odometry sensors, for a total of ten cameras, which we synchronize and record from with a data rate of over 700 MB/s. The sensors are operated by a mini-PC optimized for fast data collection, and powered by a small battery pack. The device records a subject’s eye, head, and body positions, simultaneously with RGB and depth data from the subject’s visual environment, measured with high spatial and temporal resolution. The headset weighs only 1.4 kg, and the backpack with batteries 3.9 kg. The device can be comfortably worn by the subject, allowing a high degree of mobility. Together, this system overcomes many limitations of previous such systems, allowing high-fidelity characterization of the dynamics of natural vision.
Development of Conceptual Design for Wheel Hub Retainer Tool
Authors: Jusoh Mohd Hanapi , Ismail Mohd Fais , Mamat Mohd Sailuddin
Published: July 2022

A wheel hub retainer tool is a tool used to facilitate maintenance and drive shaft replacement. The drive shaft will suffer from wear and tear as the age of a car increases and the driving style is relatively rugged. on the side of the road. The method of opening the drive shaft nut manually requires a special tool as a hub retainer when the nut is opened so that the hub will not also rotate in the same direction as the nut rotation. The absence of special tools to hold the hub when opening the drive shaft nut led to the existence of various techniques and ways to open the drive shaft nut by mechanics. However, it is feared that this situation could cause damage to other components such as broken or bent bold studs that could slow down maintenance work or drive shaft replacement. The conceptual design for designing this tool involves a morphology chart and design selection based on Weighing Result Matrix Table. There are four design concept options that have been studied. Based on the selection of the best concept, a selected design concept involves five components that can be stitched together. As a result of this study, a concept design has been produced with the appropriate dimensions.
Danshen decoction in the treatment of heart failure: a systematic review and meta-analysis protocol of randomized controlled trials
Authors:   The Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, P.R. China.The Affiliated TCM Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Liu Mengnan , Wang Raoqiong , Li Ziyi , Mazhar Maryam , Luo Gang , Yang Sijin
Published: July 2022

Review question / Objective: HF (heart failure) is considered to be the clinical endpoint and the leading cause of death of CVD (cardiovascular diseases). With people's growing desire for a healthy and better life, TCM (traditional Chinese medicine) as an alternative in the prevention and treatment of HF is becoming more popular. The basic and clinical research related to TCM has also been widely concerned by the cardiovascular community of scientists/clinicians. In recent years, a large number of preclinical (in vivo/in vitro) experiments and clinical observation studies have proved the therapeutic efficacy of Danshen decoction in the treatment of HF. However, systematic evaluation and review of the clinical treatment of Danshen decoction is insufficient, leaving objective and quantitative evaluation indicators of Danshen decoction to be inadequate. Therefore, evidence-based studies are urgently needed to demonstrate its efficacy and safety.
E-FILING OF INCOME TAX RETURNS IN INDIA- AN OVERVIEW
Authors:   DOS in Commerce, Manasagangothri, University of Mysore,  Mysuru, Karnataka, India., Kumraswamy M , B Shivakumara ,   DOS in Commerce, Manasagangothri, University of Mysore,  Mysuru, Karnataka, India.
Published: July 2022

In the present world day by day new technologies are introduced and improved very fast in all fields. Now new technology gifted to tax payers for filing their income tax return through online is e-filing. The e-filing is the new effective method of filing income tax return through online and make e-payment tax. It saves our golden time, energy and cost and reduces our tension. So, the tax payers are required to use e-filing facilities. This study reveals that the existing users are satisfied with the e-filing facilities but most of the individual tax payers are not aware of the e-filing procedures so sufficient steps are required for create more awareness in the minds of tax payers regarding e-filing of income tax. Keywords; e-filing, assessees, income tax
A Validated RP-HPLC Technique for the Determination of Obeticholic Acid in Bulk and Pharmaceutical Dosage Form
Authors:   Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, GITAM Institute of Pharmacy, GITAM (Deemed to be University), Visakhapatnam, Pincode - 530 045, Andhra Pradesh (State), India, Hemanth Randhi , Sundararajan Raja ,   Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, GITAM Institute of Pharmacy, GITAM (Deemed to be University), Visakhapatnam, Pincode - 530 045, Andhra Pradesh (State), India
Published: July 2022

The RP-HPLC methodology was used to produce a simple, precise, and accurate method for estimating obeticholic acid. Successful elution of the drug was achieved using STD BDS C18 (150mm*4.6mm 5µm) column with 0.01N KH2PO4: acetonitrile in a 70:30 % v/v ratio as mobile phase. The ultraviolet detection was monitored at a wavelength of 215 nm at flow rate 1.0 mL/min. The validation of proposed method was carried for linearity, precision, accuracy, limit of detection, limit of quantification and robustness were determined in accordance with ICH guidelines. The system suitability parameters were investigated by injecting the standard six times, with the results falling into the acceptance standards. Between 25 and 150 percent levels, a linearity study was done, and the R2 value was found to be 0.999. Precision for repeatability was determined to be 0.8% and 0.7% for moderate precision. The LOD and LOQ values were 0.15 µg/ml and 0.44 µg/ml, respectively. The marketed formulation was assayed using the aforesaid method, and 99.50 % of it was present. Obeticholic acid degradation investigations were performed under all situations, the purity threshold was more than the purity angle and within the suitable range. The developed HPLC method provides short analysis time, high reproducibility and high sensitivity. Key Words: Obeticholic acid, RP-HPLC, Buffer, Validation
Un-Interrupted Dispatching Schedule of RMC
Authors:   Civil Engineering Department, College of Engineering, Pune, A K Gaikwad , Mohite N M ,   Civil Engineering Department, College of Engineering, Pune
Published: July 2022

One of the key responsibilities of the RMC batch plant manager is to provide Ready Mixed Concrete (RMC) to construction sites. The manager of the RMC batch plant must create a productive schedule for deploying RMC trucks in order to maximize operations both at the batch plant and on construction sites. The current dispatching schedule is primarily influenced by the preferences of the site and the dispatching manager's past experiences. Check to see if the RMC plant manager sends more and more RMC trucks to the necessary construction site. This may cause a line­up of RMC trucks at one site and keep other sites waiting for RMC truck arrivals, which is referred to as a "interruption." In this research, we try to use evolutionary genetic algorithm optimization to decrease the interruption time. Key words: GA’s applications, Un­interrupted Dispatching, dispatching time of RMC trucks, Optimization of Dispatching schedule.
The Mysterious Affair of the H2 in AU Mic
Authors: Flagg Laura , Johns-Krull Christopher M. , France Kevin , Herczeg Gregory , Najita Joan , Youngblood Allison , Carvalho Adolfo , Carptenter John , Kenyon Scott J. , Newton Elisabeth , Rockcliffe Keighley
Published: July 2022

Molecular hydrogen is the most abundant molecule in the galaxy and plays important roles in planets, their circumstellar environments, and many of their host stars. We have confirmed the presence of molecular hydrogen in the AU Mic system using high-resolution FUV spectra from HST-STIS during both quiescence and a flare. AU Mic is a ∼23 Myr M dwarf that hosts a debris disk and at least two planets. We estimate the temperature of the gas at 1000–2000 K, consistent with previous detections. Based on the radial velocities and widths of the H2 line profiles and the response of the H2 lines to a stellar flare, the H2 line emission is likely produced in the star, rather than in the disk or the planet. However, the temperature of this gas is significantly below the temperature of the photosphere (∼3650 K) and the predicted temperature of its starspots (≳2650 K). We discuss the possibility of colder starspots or a cold layer in the photosphere of a pre-main-sequence M dwarf.
Spatial Distribution of Dark Matter in and Around Galaxy Clusters Traced by Galaxies, Gas, and Intracluster Stars in a Simulated Universe
Authors: Shin Jihye , Chul Lee Jong , Seong Hwang Ho , Song Hyunmi , Ko Jongwan , Smith Rory , Kim Jae-Woo , Yoo Jaewon
Published: July 2022

To understand how well galaxies, gas, and intracluster stars trace dark matter in and around galaxy clusters, we use the IllustrisTNG cosmological hydrodynamical simulation and compare the spatial distribution of dark matter with that of baryonic components in clusters. To quantify the global morphology of the density distribution of each component in clusters, we fit an ellipse to the density contour of each component and derive shape parameters at different radii. We find that the ellipticity of dark matter is better correlated with that of galaxy mass-weighted number density, rather than with that of galaxy number density or galaxy velocity dispersion. We thus use the galaxy mass-weighted number density map as representative of the galaxy maps. Among three different density maps from galaxies, gas, and intracluster stars, the ellipticity of dark matter is best reproduced by that of the galaxy map over the entire radii. The virialized galaxy clusters show a better correlation of spatial distribution between dark matter and other components than the unvirialized clusters, suggesting that it requires some time for each component to follow the spatial distribution of dark matter after merging events. Our results demonstrate that galaxies are still good tracers of dark matter distribution even in the nonlinear regime corresponding to the scales in and around galaxy clusters, being consistent with the case where galaxies trace well the matter distribution on cosmologically large scales.
The Variability Behavior of NGC 925 ULX-3
Authors: Earnshaw Hannah P. , Brightman Murray , Harrison Fiona A. , Heida Marianne , Jaodand Amruta , Middleton Matthew J. , Roberts Timothy P. , Walton Dominic J.
Published: July 2022

We report the results of a 2019–2021 monitoring campaign with Swift and associated target-of-opportunity observations with XMM-Newton and NuSTAR, examining the spectral and timing behavior of the highly variable ultraluminous X-ray source (ULX) NGC 925 ULX-3. We find that the source exhibits a 127–128-day periodicity, with fluxes typically ranging from 1 × 10−13 to 8 × 10−13 erg s−1 cm−2. We do not find strong evidence for a change in period over the time that NGC 925 ULX-3 has been observed, although the source may have been in a much lower flux state when first observed with Chandra in 2005. We do not detect pulsations, and we place an upper limit on the pulsed fraction of ∼40% in the XMM-Newton band, consistent with some previous pulsation detections at low energies in other ULXs. The source exhibits a typical ULX spectrum that turns over in the NuSTAR band and can be fitted using two thermal components. These components have a high temperature ratio that may indicate the lack of extreme inner disk truncation by a magnetar-level magnetic field. We examine the implications for a number of different models for superorbital periods in ULXs, finding that a neutron star with a magnetic field of ∼1012 G may be plausible for this source. The future detection of pulsations from this source would allow for the further testing and constraining of such models.
Description of the antipredatory head-wobble behaviour in Chilean rear-fanged snakes Tachymenis peruviana Wiegmann, 1835 and Tachymenis chilensis coronellina Werner, 1898 (Serpentes, Dipsadidae)
Authors: Reyes-Olivares Claudio , Vera-Quispe Alex , Zúñiga Alejandro , Urra Félix A.
Published: July 2022

In this work, we describe the first records of head-wobble behaviour for Tachymenis peruviana and T. chilensis coronellina. We analyse this behaviour (occurrence, frequency) and accompanying displays in both species. Of particular note is that T. ch. coronellina exhibited more frequent head-wobbling than T. peruviana and, in both records, wind activity was observed during this antipredatory behaviour.
A review of the Phyllanthus genus plants: Their phytochemistry, traditional uses, and potential inhibition of xanthine oxidase
Authors: Husnunnisa Husnunnisa , Hartati Rika , Mauludin Rachmat , Insanu Muhamad
Published: July 2022

Hyperuricemia is a risk factor for gout and other cardiovascular diseases. One of the therapies used is Allopurinol. Unfortunately, it has unwanted side effects. These conditions made researchers continue to seek and develop alternative treatments from natural products. One of which is from plants of the Phyllanthus genus. One of their contents was polyphenols, especially flavonoids. It is an alternative treatment for hyperuricemia because of its minimal side effects. The flavonoids in this genus were reported to have xanthine oxidase inhibitory: quercetin, kaempferol, rutin, apigenin, luteolin, myricetin, catechin, epicatechin, and epigallocatechin with IC50 values ​​from 0.44 M to > 100μM. The presence of π-π interactions between planar rings A and C on flavones with phe 1009 and phe 914 and the addition of hydroxyl groups on flavonoid compounds plays a crucial role in inhibiting xanthine oxidase.
Taxonomic study on Sinopoda Jäger, 1999 (Araneae, Sparassidae, Heteropodinae), with three new species from Korea
Authors: Chae Junho , Lee Jun-Gi , Kim Sam-Kyu
Published: July 2022

The genus Sinopoda Jäger, 1999 is a group of huntsman spiders (Araneae: Sparassidae: Heteropodinae), and currently seven species have been reported in Korea. In this study, three new species are described from Korea, Sinopoda bigibbasp. nov., Sinopoda bogilsp. nov., and Sinopoda pantherinasp. nov.; Sinopoda jirisanensis Kim & Chae, 2013 is revalidated with neotype designation, and had been formerly synonymized with Sinopoda forcipata (Karsch, 1881). Additionally, all previous records of Sinopoda stellatops Jäger & Ono, 2002 and S. forcipata from Korea are deemed misidentifications of S. jirisanensis and S. bogilsp. nov., respectively.
Factors associated with the risk of colorectal neoplasia in young adults under age 40
Authors: Kim Ilsoo , Lee Han Hee , Ko Young Jae , Chang Ho Eun , Cheung Dae Young , Lee Bo-In , Cho Young-Seok , Kim Jin Il , Choi Myung-Gyu
Published: July 2022

Background/Aims: Recent epidemiologic studies have shown a continued increase in colorectal cancer incidence among younger adults. Little is known about the factors that contribute to the development of young-onset colorectal neoplasia (CRN).Methods: A cross-sectional analysis was performed for individuals younger than 40 years who underwent colonoscopy in Seoul St. Mary’s Hospital and its affiliated health screening center. High-risk CRN was defined as adenoma or sessile serrated lesion ≥ 10 mm, with three or more adenomas, villous histology, high grade dysplasia, or carcinoma.Results: Of these 13,621 included participants, 2,023 (14.9%) had one and more CRN. Young patients with CRN tended to be elderly, male, obese, smoker, having a habit of drinking, and having comorbidities such as hypertension, dyslipidemia, diabetes, and chronic kidney disease. In a multivariate analysis adjusted for age, sex, obesity, smoking status, and alcohol intake, old age (odds ratio [OR], 1.086; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.054 to 1.119), male sex (OR, 1.748; 95% CI, 1.247 to 2.451), obesity (OR, 1.439; 95% CI, 1.133 to 1.828), and smoking (OR, 1.654; 95% CI, 1.287 to 2.127) were independent risk factors for overall CRN. Obesity and smoking as two modifiable factors increased the risk for high-risk CRN even more than for overall CRN (OR, 1.734; 95% CI, 1.168 to 2.575 and OR, 1.797; 95% CI, 1.172 to 2.753, respectively).Conclusions: Obesity and smoking were modifiable risk factors for CRN in young adults. They increased the risk for highrisk CRN even more than for overall CRN. A colonoscopy might be beneficial for young individuals with these factors.
Parametric Study and Analysis of Modified Electromagnetic Band Gap in Frequency Notching of Ultra-Wide Band Antenna
Authors: Fadehan Gabriel , Adedeji Kazeem Bolade , Olasoji Yekeen O.
Published: July 2022

This paper presents parametric study of dual band notch ultra wideband (UWB) antenna using modified electromagnetic band gap. The Electromagnetic Band Gap (EBG) comprises of two strip patched and an edge-located via with respect to ground for dual notch band. The study was presented in order to have an improved knowledge of EBG characteristics and its effect on the notching band of a small squared ultra wideband antenna of size 24 by 31 mm2 dual band notch using HFSS software. The antenna operates within the return loss (s11< -10dB) 3.2 to 12.3 GHz. The simulation results show that the notched band between 4.57 – 4.99 GHz and 7.96 – 8.32 GHz corresponding to WLAN and ITU respectively was achieved. The effect of gap distance between the field line and EBG was demonstrated as well and the position of via with respect to the ground as a means for notched band centre frequency tuning. The antenna could be considered a good candidate for any UWB applications that must avoid narrow band interference. The research gives ideas on the best placement position of EBG structure along field line in UWB antenna frequency notching technique.
Talaromyces marneffei Influences Macrophage Polarization and Sterilization Ability via the Arginine Metabolism Pathway in Vitro
Authors: Shen Lin-xia , Yang Di , Chen Ri-feng , Liu Dong-hua
Published: July 2022

The opportunistic fungal pathogen Talaromyces marneffei, which is endemic across a narrow band of tropical Southeast Asia and southern China, is an intracellular pathogen that causes systemic and lethal infection through the mononuclear phagocyte system. The mechanisms by which T. marneffei successfully replicates and escapes the immune system remain unclear. To investigate the role of arginine metabolism in the escape of T. marneffei from killer macrophages, we assessed inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and arginase expression, nitric oxide (NO) production, arginase and phagocytic activity, and the killing of T. marneffei in a coculture system. Our results indicate that T. marneffei induced macrophage polarization toward the M2 phenotype and regulated the arginine metabolism pathway by prolonging infection, thereby reducing antimicrobial activity and promoting fungal survival. Moreover, inhibiting T. marneffei–induced macrophage arginase activity with Nω-hydroxy-nor-arginine restored NO synthesis and strengthened fungal killing. These findings indicate that T. marneffei affects macrophage polarization and inhibits macrophage antimicrobial function via the arginine metabolism pathway.
Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practices toward COVID-19 and Vaccines among Chinese Small-Town Residents: A Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Yu Si-Yi , Luo Jun-Jun , Cui Hong-Yao , Shan Ke-Shu , Xu Lei , Ding Ling , Chen Xue-Qin
Published: July 2022

China has basically controlled the COVID-19 epidemic as a result of widespread vaccination and other containment strategies, despite localized outbreaks, as of September 2021. This study investigates the knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAP) of COVID-19 and COVID-19 vaccines among Chinese small-town residents to provide suggestions for public health policy. Residents who were vaccinated against COVID-19 were asked to complete a paper questionnaire on KAP in Xidian, Zhejiang. The knowledge questionnaire consisted of 12 questions regarding COVID-19 and 12 questions regarding COVID-19 vaccines. Attitude and practice evaluation included agreement on the eventual control of COVID-19 and having recently worn a mask outside. Of 405 survey responders, 52.3% were male, 71.4% had middle school education or less, and 59.0% engaged in physical labor as an occupation. The correct answer rates of the COVID-19 section and the vaccine section were 79.2% and 71.7%, respectively. Age groups of 18 to 29 years and > 50 years, occupations of physical labor and unemployment, and primary school education and less were associated with lower knowledge scores. The majority of participants (91.6%) believed that COVID-19 will eventually be controlled, whereas women, students, and patients with chronic held relatively negative attitudes toward epidemic control. Most participants (87.4%) wore masks outside recently. In conclusion, Chinese small-town residents have a medium level of knowledge regarding COVID-19 and vaccines, hold positive attitudes, and have appropriate practices. Health education should be provided to the target populations to enrich their knowledge of COVID-19 and vaccines, and to improve their attitudes toward epidemic control.
Sensitivity and Specificity of the Remote Evaluation of Therapeutic Response in Cutaneous Leishmaniasis Using Photographs from a Mobile Application
Authors: Del Castillo Alejandra Maria , Castro Maria del Mar , Cossio Alexandra , García Luna Jonny Alejandro , Rincón Domiciano , Castillo Ruth Mabel , Prieto Miguel Darío , Rebellón-Sánchez David Esteban , Navarro Andrés , Alexander Neal
Published: July 2022

Cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) primarily affects people in remote settings with limited access to health services. mHealth tools offer an opportunity to overcome knowledge gaps about clinical response to treatment. We evaluated the validity of the Guaral+ST mobile application for the remote assessment of therapeutic response in patients with CL, through photographs of lesions captured with the app by community health volunteers. Patients with confirmed CL were followed at weeks 13 and 26 after completion of treatment to assess therapeutic response in two clinical settings in southwest Colombia. Direct evaluation of lesions performed by an experienced physician was considered the reference standard. Photographs of lesions taken by CHV or nurse assistants with the mobile app, were independently evaluated by three physicians to define clinical response. A summary measure of clinical outcome defined by the three physicians was considered the index test. Sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative predictive values were estimated. Interrater reliability (kappa) was calculated. Among 53 participants with CL who had at least one follow-up visit, the sensitivity of therapeutic response evaluation through photographs taken with the Guaral+ST app, compared with direct evaluation by an expert physician, had high validity with sensitivity of 100% (95% confidence interval: 80.5–100%) and specificity of 97.2% (95% confidence interval: 85.5–99.9%). The chance-adjusted agreement (κ) was > 0.8, which is conventionally characterized as almost perfect. The high accuracy of the remote evaluation of photographs for the assessment of therapeutic response supports the use of mHealth tools for improving access to treatment follow-up for CL.
Laser-Based In-Exhaust Gas Sensor for On-Road Vehicles
Authors: Sur Ritobrata , Peng Wen Yu , Kempema Nathan
Published: July 2022

A novel laser-absorption gas sensing apparaOn-vehicle Testing at VERtus capable of measuring NO directly within vehicle exhaust was developed and tested. The sensor design was enabled by key advances in the construction of optical probes that are sufficiently compact for deployment in real-world exhaust systems and can survive the harsh, high-temperature, and strongly vibrating environment typical of exhaust streams. Prototype test campaigns were conducted at high-temperature flow facilities intended to simulate exhaust gas conditions and within the exhaust of vehicles mounted on a chassis dynamometer. Results from these tests demonstrated that the sensor prototype is fundamentally free of cross-interference with competing species in the exhaust stream, can achieve a 1 ppmv NO detection limit, and can be operated across the full range of thermodynamic conditions expected for typical vehicle exhausts. These features address the key technological drawbacks associated with electrochemical NOx sensors widely used in current aftertreatment systems while enabling an on-board diagnostic capable of determining NOx output at the tailpipe at a level of accuracy comparable to laboratory-grade instrumentation. Broadly, this novel sensor provides high-quality emissions data needed to help vehicle manufacturers develop powertrains and aftertreatment systems that meet future, more stringent emissions regulations.
Development of a Ceramic EHC
Authors: Sadamitsu Takahiro , Oki Toshinori , Korenaga Shingo , Hirooka Shigemasa , Iwasaki Shingo , Iida Tatsuo
Published: July 2022

In recent years, electrically heated catalysts (EHCs) have been developed to
achieve lower emissions. In several EHC heating methods, the direct heating
method, which an electric current is applied directly to the catalyst substrate,
can easily activate the catalyst before engine start-up. The research results
reported on the use of the direct heating EHC to achieve significant exhaust gas
purification during cold start-up [1].
From the perspective of catalyst loading, ceramics is considered to be a better
material for the substrate than metal due to the difference in coefficient of
thermal expansion between the catalyst and the substrate, but the EHC made of
ceramics has difficulties such as controllability of the current distribution,
durability and reliability of the connection between the substrate and the
electrodes. This paper reports about the hardware configuration of the direct
heating EHC made of ceramics, including the catalytic substrate as an electric
circuit, its electrode, and the insulation structure between pipe and them,
which can solve these difficulties.
Reduction of Ammonia Emission using Deceleration Cylinder Cutoff in a Gasoline Spark Ignition Engine
Authors: luo Xi , Yang Xiaojian , Wilcutts Mark , Ortiz-Soto Elliott
Published: July 2022

The newly proposed Euro 7 emission standards have added regulations limiting ammonia emissions for gasoline vehicles. This paper proposes a new emissions-control strategy to satisfy the regulated ammonia emission levels, using deceleration cylinder cut-off (DCCO) to reduce or eliminate conventional deceleration fuel cutoff (DFCO) and the associated lean-rich excursions in the three-way catalyst during oxygen saturation and desaturation. The improved air-fuel ratio management closer to stoichiometry lowers the ratio of CO to NOx and thus the ammonia (NH3) formation rate inside catalytic converter. Tests show more than 80% reduction of ammonia emission on the WLTC drive cycle without increasing other regulated emissions.
Manual Clínico de Prótese Total
Authors:   Uningá – Centro Universitário Ingá, Maringá, PR, Ferruzzi Fernanda , Coutinho Rosa Kátia ,   Uningá – Centro Universitário Ingá, Maringá, PR, Trindade Kátia ,   Uningá – Centro Universitário Ingá, Maringá, PR, Müller de Quevedo Henrique ,   CPO – Centro de Pós-graduação, Bauru, SP, Byron Benalcázar Jalkh Ernesto ,   Faculdade de Odontologia de Bauru, Universidade de São Paulo, SP, Ataíde Saldanha Alberto ,   Uningá – Centro Universitário Ingá, Maringá, PR
Published: July 2022

A prótese total é um dispositivo que tem por objetivo substituir os dentes perdidos e recuperar o volume alveolar em uma arcada totalmente edêntula. Para tanto, são necessários diversos procedimentos clínicos para a confecção da prótese total. O objetivo deste trabalho é apresentar um manual de confecção de prótese total para a Clínica Integrada Restauradora da Uningá. Este manual foi desenvolvido com o intuito de ser um instrumento de apoio e de prévia consulta aos atendimentos clínicos a serem executados por alunos de graduação, pois trata-se de um material didático de fácil leitura, mostrando técnicas e materiais que devem ser utilizados. As etapas do tratamento com Prótese Total são divididas em sessões clínicas, de modo a orientar o aluno nos procedimentos preconizados na Clínica Integrada Restauradora, trazendo mais segurança aos alunos e maior conforto aos pacientes.
Erosive lesions of the esophagus in schoolchildren
Authors: Latyshev Dmitry Y. , Lobanov Yuri F. , Tekutyeva Nadezhda A. , Prokudina Marina P. , Martirosyan Marina S. , Pimenova Daria V. , Mikheeva Natalia M. , Strozenko Ludmila A.
Published: July 2022

Introduction. Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is a common disease characterized by the ingestion of stomach contents into the esophagus, causing symptoms and/or complications. According to various authors, the prevalence of signs of erosive esophagitis in GERD children patients, is 10-50%. Further study of the prevalence and clinical manifestations of erosive esophagitis in children is an urgent task. Purpose: to study the prevalence of erosive esophagitis in schoolchildren with clinical manifestations of dyspepsia. Materials and methods. We examined five hundred ninety six children patients who underwent primary gastroenterological examination for persistent signs of dyspepsia. The comparison group consisted of 30 children aged to 18 years. All children underwent endoscopic examination using a GIF XP-20 apparatus from Olympus (Japan). Esophagitis was diagnosed according to the Los Angeles classification. Results. The prevalence of erosive changes in the esophagus in the examined patients was 17.4%. Erosive lesions of the esophagus occurred with equal prevalence in patients of primary and secondary school age. Boys predominate among patients with erosive esophagitis. Erosive esophagitis at the stage A was detected more often - 90.4%, less often at stages B - 7.7% and C - 1.9%, esophagitis in stage D was not detected in any of the cases. Conclusion. The main clinical manifestations of erosive esophagitis are abdominal pain, heartburn, belching, and nausea. The features of the clinical course depending on the stage of esophagitis were established.
Vitamin D and COVID-19. Two years of research
Authors: Fisenko Andrey P. , Makarova Svetlana G. , Yasakov Dmitry S. , Pronina Irina Yu. , Ereshko Oksana A. , Gordeeva Irina G. , Galimova Albina A. , Chumbadze Tamara R. , Emelyashenkov Evgeny Е. , Lebedeva Ayina M.
Published: July 2022

The important role of the micronutrient status of the body for the formation of an adequate immune response, including to respiratory viruses, is currently beyond doubt. In connection with the beginning of the pandemic caused by SARS-CoV-2, numerous publications have appeared on the supposedly protective effect of many micronutrients, especially vitamin D in relation to the prevention of COVID-19 disease. Later, the results of most studies confirmed this assumption. From 2020 to early 2022, there were published 17 analytical reviews and meta-analyses summarizing the results of various studies evaluating both the preventive potential of vitamin D provision in various population groups and the role of vitamin D in reducing the incidence of severe forms of COVID-19 and mortality. The analysis of literature data presented in this review suggests vitamin D currently to have the greatest evidence base as a micronutrient promoting reduction the risk of disease and severe forms of COVID-19. Current recommendations on vitamin D subsidies, including in pediatric practice, are given.
Sobrevida y principales causas de morbilidad y mortalidad en prematuros en Ecuador.
Authors: Ortega Barrionuevo Nathaly Alexandra , Vasco Santiago
Published: July 2022

Resumen
Introducción: La prematuridad es una de las principales causas de morbimortalidad en neonatos en el Ecuador y el mundo; en los últimos 20 años se ha observado un incremento en su incidencia con las consiguientes complicaciones y riesgos asociados.
Objetivo: Analizar las principales causas de morbimortalidad en prematuros en el Ecuador, mediante la revisión de literatura actual publicada en el período 2015 a 2020 con la meta de mejorar la sobrevida en este grupo etario.
Metodología:  Este estudio es un metaanálisis con abordaje cualitativo - cuantitativo, se realizó una búsqueda manual en repositorios digitales RRAAE, COBUEC, universidades del país y memorias de congresos. Se incluyeron estudios del 2015 – 2020. Para el análisis de calidad se utilizó herramientas del Instituto Joanna Briggs, la extracción de datos se realizó en una hoja de cálculo. Se ejecutó un análisis cualitativo, de heterogeneidad y se obtuvo proporción única (prevalencia) utilizando el programa R.
Resultados: se reportan los resultados neonatales y maternos, se evidencia alta heterogeneidad y sesgo de publicación, probablemente por los diferentes diseños de estudio y poblaciones analizadas,  los datos homogéneos reportan que el 55% prematuros son de sexo masculino, en la instrucción de la madre 0% ninguna y 23% primaria.
Conclusiones: Existe un predominio del sexo masculino, probalemente se trata de un equilibrio natural, reportado por expertos debido a que el sexo masculino tiene una menor esperanza de vida, una de cada 4 madres cuenta con instrucción primaria.  Es necesario realizar estudios bien diseñados y de preferencia multicéntricos.
PIROLISIS PLASTIK MENJADI BAHAN BAKAR CAIR MENGGUNAKAN KATALIS ZEOLIT TERAKTIVASI
Authors: Sapril Sapril , Kusuma Aldi Try , Aswan Arizal , Zikri Ahmad , Hajar Ibnu
Published: July 2022

Sampah plastik umumnya diolah dengan metode pembakaran yang menghasilkan gas berbahaya bagi bumi. Hampir polimer termoplastik seperti polistirena dan polipropilen tidak dapat terurai secara hayati. Pirolisis merupakan metode yang tepat untuk mengatasi masalah tersebut dengan mengubah Polistirena dan polipropilena menjadi bahan bakar cair dengan menggunakan thermal cracking. Pada penelitian ini, proses pirolisis dilakukan dengan metode catalytic cracking menggunakan zeolit ​​aktif 25%. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh variasi temperatur terhadap persentase rendemen, sifat fisik,dan kandungan senyawa  bahan bakar cair dengan variabel yang divariasikan adalah temperatur 300-500oC. Hasil menunjukkan % yield tertinggi pada temperatur 350oC untuk  polistirena dan 450oC untuk senyawa campuran polistirena dan polipropilena 1:1 untuk katalis zeolit ​​teraktivasi 25% .
PRAVNA SIGURNOST I SLOBODA PRUŽANjA USLUGA
Authors:   University of Montenegro, Faculty of Law, Miladinović Snežana
Published: July 2022

In this research study the author is dealing with the legal certainty in the sfere of services. The rules that lead to legal security in such a sensitive area should be clear and precise, but also effective. On the other hand, they must not restrict the freedom to provide services. In the paper we will first discuss the notion of legal certainty and the basic principles on which it is based. Then we will analyze the contemporary mechanisms that provide the appropriate quality of services and security of the service subjects. The subject of our attention, namely, will be agreements on the Services level agreement and Code of professional conduct.
O USLOVNOM USLUŽNOM PRAVU
Authors:   University of Kragujevac, Faculty of Law, Mićović Miodrag
Published: July 2022

The legal norms with postponed applicability, which regulate the situations that will occur pro futuro, fall within the category of conditional legal norms and constitute the content of the conditional law. Unlike conditional legal norms, with clearly defined date of application, there are others, which are the subject of an analysis in the article, for which there is absolute uncertainty whether they will be applied or, at least, when their application will begin. The reason for this is that the possibility for their implementation is related to the occurrence of a certain event, i.e., to the membership of Serbia in the European Union. As application of conditional service law relates to the emergence of a future uncertain circumstance, author analyzes its meaning and purpose. General considerations are followed by the conditional rules laid down for regulated professions, due to the importance they have for the creation and preservation of social infrastructure. Consenquently, author points out the rules that set the framework for performing regulated professions, i.e., the rules on pre-contractual notification of service users, business communications and provision of mixed services.
ULOGA TRANSPORTA U SNABDEVANjU RIMA
Authors:   University of Kragujevac, Faculty of Law, Stanković Emilija
Published: July 2022

At the time of its establishing, Rome was a city – state with not such a large number of citizens and of restricted territory. Thanks to historical circumstances, as well as to skills and pragmatism of the ancient Romans, the city was soon turned into a powerful empire. During the reign of the Emperor Augustos, Rome became a city with over one million inhabitants and with around hundred public baths and other numerous public buildings and parks, while the Coloseum itself could accommodate 55 000 spectators. All of this attracted people from other places to come to Rome, just for a visit, or to seek jobs and remain there. Whatever was the purpose of their comings and goings, this required organized transportation via well built roads or established sea routes. Also, it was necessary to organize the provision of food and other basic supplies. Certain Roman provinces specialized in the production of certain crops and goods they mutually exchanged – which, again, required an organized road and sea transportation. In one word, vivacious trading and exchanging of goods resulted in developed transportation system without which Rome could never have reached such an extent of expansion.
НАПЛАТА ПОТРАЖИВАЊА БАНКЕ ПО ОСНОВУ УГОВОРА О КРЕДИТУ БАЗИРАН НА МЕНИЦИ И ИСПЛАТА ПОВЕРИЛАЦА У СТЕЧАЈУ ДУЖНИКА
Authors:   University “Ss. Cyril and Methodius”, Skopje, Faculty of Law “Justinianus Primus”, Manoleva Mitrovska Danče
Published: July 2022

Payment security upon the Loan Agreement has an important role in the execution of the liabilities which result from the Loan Agreement. Those age legal instruments which those legal instrument have undergone. The bill of exchange in the Macedonian low is an instrument of payment security which enhances the debtor ‘s liability and supports the creditor’s claim. The bill of exchange as an instrument of payment security has many advantages which make it special and which should bring to every creditor enhancement of the claim and increase the chances for collection.This is especially manifested by the increase of the number of solvent and financial sound signatories of the bill of exchange. The main shortcomings of the bill of exchange as payment security are the severity of the procedure and the impossibility of direct collectionfrom a bank accont. Naemely, the bill of exchange is personal – legal instrument for payment security and its major shortcoming is the characteristic which is common for all personal – legal instruments, that’s is, the fact that it is aimed to the entire property of the debtor, instead of certain tangibles from which the creditor would be able to collect the debit with a priority in reation to the other creditors.