bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Antioxidant status of the different sweet maize hybrids under herbicide and foliar fertilizer application
Authors: Mesarovic Jelena , Srdic Jelena , Mladenovic-Drinic Snezana , Dragicevic Vesna , Simic Milena , Brankov Milan , Milojkovic-Opsenica Dusanka
Published: February 2019

The chemical method of weed control is an indispensable step in cropping
practices of sweet maize. Application of the herbicides can induce the
abiotic stress which affects the non-enzymatic antioxidants in the crops,
especially on the sensitive one, like sweet maize is. Antioxidant profile,
through the measurement of the soluble phenolic, carotenoids, phytic acid
and glutathione concentration, in the grain of the three sweet maize hybrids
after application of herbicides, foliar fertilizer, as well as their
combinations, in field experiment, conducted over a two-year period, was
determined. The content of tested antioxidant parameters was dependent on
hybrids, growing season, as well as of the applied treatment. Sulfonylurea
herbicides significantly increased the antioxidant status of sweet maize
fresh grain, compared to the herbicide from triketone group, without
affecting the fresh grain yield. Combination of herbicide plus foliar
fertilizer expressed a various impact on antioxidant profile of the maize
grain. Furthermore, significant correlations (positive and negative) between
fresh grain yield and analyzed antioxidants in grain of three sweet maize
hybrids were noticed.
Evaluation of maize grain yield and yield stability by AMMI analysis
Authors: Brankovic-Radojcic Dragana , Babic Vojka , Girek Zdenka , Zivanovic Tomislav , Radojĉic Aleksandar , Filipovic Milomir , Srdic Jelena
Published: February 2019

Significant genotype x environment interaction for quantitative traits, such
is grain yield, reduces the usefulness of genotype means, over all
environments, for selecting superior genotypes. AMMI model is a valuable
statistical tool in identifying systemic variation contained in the
interaction effect. Obtained data could be applied in maximizing yield
potential in every environment based on both narrow and wide genotype
adaptability, without the necessity of developing breeding programs for
smaller targeted environments. Precise assortment of superior genotypes,
with the assistance of AMMI model, leads to the better recommendation of
newly bred hybrids, and thus increasing maize grain yield in a targeted
environment. In this research genotype x environment interaction and yield
stability of 36 maize hybrids of FAO 300-700 maturity group was
investigating. The trial was set according to Randomized Complete Block
Design (RCBD). Data were processed in order to obtain average estimates of
grain yield, and yield stability was assessed by the method of AMMI
analysis. The highest average grain yield was achieved in 2011 (11.62 t/ha),
and the lowest in the most stressful and dry 2012 (6.90 t/ha). In the region
Loznica L2 the highest average yield was noticed (13.81 t/ha), while at L7
(Sremska Mitrovica) average grain yield was the lowest (6.97 t/ha). Results
of AMMI analysis gave precise recommendation for production of maize hybrids
in certain environments, by determining winning areas of hybrids H20, H11
and H36. Medium early maturing and high yielding hybrids (H11 and H20) are
therefore considered more favorable for production in environments with
lower precipitation, while high yielding and more stable hybrids H21 and H35
are suitable for a wider range of environments. Hybrid H36 (FAO 700) showed
its full potential at L2, and L3 which did not suffer from a lack of
moisture. This hybrid also expressed its best potential in environments with
favorable conditions.
Non-parametric approach to the analysis of phenotypic stability of two half-sib maize populations
Authors: Mitrovic Bojan , Stanisavljevic Dusan , Franeta Filip , Mikic Sanja , Canak Petar , Vujosevic Bojana , Nikolic-Djoric Emilija
Published: February 2019

One of the most important phases in commercial maize breeding programs is the
assessment of the value of newly-developed progeny by testing in hybrid
combinations. In this study, non-parametric stability measures were applied
to analyze the genotype ? environment interaction and to assess phenotypic
stability of two half-sib maize populations, each consisting of 40
genotypes, across 9 variable environments. Non-parametric tests of
significance determined the presence of qualitative interaction for grain
yield in both observed populations. Results of the stability analysis showed
no significant differences between the two progeny groups indicating that
the used testers did not bring significant increase in stability in either
of the analyzed half-sib populations. Individual genotypes were also
compared based on grain yield stability within both progeny groups using the
stability parameters Si(1), Si(2), Si(3) and Si(6). Association between the
grain yield and stability indices Si(1) and Si(2) of the analyzed genotypes
was presented graphically enabling the identification of genotypes which can
be recommended for further breeding process as the most promising ones. The
correlations between grain yield and stability parameters were tested by
Spearman?s rank correlations. Both progeny groups (HS1 and HS2) showed no
significant correlations between the grain yield and stability parameters
Si(1) and Si(2), but the rank correlations between Si(1) and Si(2) values
were very strong and highly significant. Highly significant negative
correlations were found between grain yield and stability indices Si(3) and
Si(6) in both progeny groups, and very strong and highly significant
correlations were found between Si(3) and Si(6) values.
Genetic trend of functional productive life in the population of black and white cattle in Serbia
Authors: Stanojevic Dragan , Djedovic Radica , Bogdanovic Vladan , Raguz Nikola , Kucevic Denis , Popovac Mladen , Stojic Petar , Samolovac Ljiljana
Published: February 2019

This research was conducted with the aim ?f estimating genetic trend for a
functional length of productive life (FLPL) in the population of Black and
White cattle in Serbia. Research and bulls genetic evaluation for functional
longevity were performed on a set of data provided by Agricultural
Corporation Belgrade AD (PKB) which contained data on longevity and origin
of 22109 cows out of which 26% records were right-censored. Functional
length of productive life (FPLP) represents a time period from the first
calving to culling or censoring corrected for milk production. Breeding
values were estimated using Weibull method of proportional risks within
survival analysis a genetic trend for FLPL was calculated using of a
regression analysis. The cows included in the analysis were on average first
calved in the age of 809 days and had an average share of 81.9% genes of
Holstein Friesian breed. An average length of productive life was 1267 days
(41.6 months). Distribution of bull standardised breeding values did not
statistically significantly differ from normal distribution. An average
standardised breeding value was 99. A slightly positive genetic trend was
determined, that is, the length of functional productive life was by
selection increased by 0.021 day at an annual level while a reliability of
estimated breeding values showed a negative trend.
Contemporary urban folk music in the Balkans: Possibilities for regional music history
Authors: Dumnic-Vilotijevic Marija
Published: February 2019

Starting with Maria Todorova?s landmark study Imagining the Balkans (Todorova
1997), numerous authors have raised their voices against stereotypical
images of the Balkans. Over twenty years after the publication of this book,
the term ?the Balkans? seems to have lost some of its negative connotations
related to wars in favour of characteristics with positive overtones, such
as the Balkan peoples? joie-de-vivre and entertainment strongly related to
music. The areal ethnomusicology drawing from fieldwork throughout the
Balkan peninsula has been a fruitful topic for numerous local and foreign
ethnomusicologists and the very term ?the Balkans? has raised a special
interest in the ethnomusicological research of ?outsiders?, as well as in
the music industry. This paper is written from the perspective of an
?insider? ethnomusicologist from the Balkans. I raise the question of the
definition of the ?Balkan? popular music label and discuss its main
structural characteristics. I offer a new possibility of (re)considering a
specific musical genre of the region based on the research of urban folk
music practices. I present characteristics of urban folk music practices
from the second half of the nineteenth and the first half of the twentieth
century in the countries of the Balkans, with special attention paid to
their common aspects. Also, contemporary urban folk music, which is often
criticized as a specific popular music form, is considered.
The Trieste Philharmonic in Serbia
Authors: Sukljan Nejc
Published: February 2019

This paper discusses the Trieste Philharmonic Orchestra?s tour in Serbia in
the spring of 1946 and its political connotations. A sketch of the
orchestra?s foundation in the context of the concurrent political efforts to
solve the Trieste question is then followed by a detailed outline of the
journey itself, presented from the two points of view. First, the
perspective of the Yugoslav authorities is illustrated and then an insight
into musician?s everyday life during the tour is given.
Possible implementation of Heinrich Christoph Koch’s analytical terminology in contemporary analytical practice
Authors: Veljanovic Jasna
Published: February 2019

This paper aims to interpret two capital works of Heinrich Christoph Koch,
the most important theorist of the eighteenth century: Musical Lexicon
(Musikalisches Lexikon) and Introductory Essay on Composition (Versuch einer
Anleitung zur Composition) in three volumes, from the viewpoint of his
analytical terminology. For better understanding of the piece, and bearing
in mind that his Introductory Essay is a textbook, and therefore has a
pedagogical nature, his view on the composer?s relation with his work is
discussed, and with it, creating a piece based on three parameters:
conception, realization and elaboration, as well as the concepts of feeling,
genius, fervour, impression and taste. Koch?s relationship to the work from
the viewpoint of the analysis of musical form and its dissection is
considered. Some concepts, which have always been used in the analysis of
form, whose meaning is understood by default, are explained: character,
genre, style. This paper arises from the necessity of re-examining Koch?s
analytical terminology and to introduce it into today?s analytical practice,
especially for the better understanding of music of the baroque and
classical periods and its more logical explication. Special emphasis has
been given to sonata form, which is necessary to be seen in a different way,
in accordance with the stylistic period in which it was created. Koch?s
music theory is completely neglected in the textbook literature and
therefore the contribution of this scientific work is twofold: the analysis
of Koch?s postulates as well as an attempt to implement them in todays?
practice.
The politicization of music during the period of totalitarian rule in Bulgaria (1944-1989)
Authors: Dermendzhieva Stanimira
Published: February 2019

Since this is a phenomenon of recent times, the significance of the
politicization of music during the period of totalitarian rule in Bulgaria
(1944-1989) is still unexplored. This paper focuses on the interplay between
the political regime, musical life in Bulgaria, and the status of Bulgarian
composers. Many books, articles, conferences and PhDs have been presented
recently in the field of cultural studies, promoting a multidisciplinary
approach in several fields. A new approach tothis dynamic period would
clarify the overall development of Bulgarian musical culture in the
twentieth century.
The compass revisited: Rewriting histories of music in the south
Authors: Moody Ivan
Published: February 2019

The history of music in the countries of Southern Europe has, in general,
been examined either from the West or from the East. This has had to do with
traditional and univestigated assumptions of divisions on religious and
linguistic grounds, amongst others, and a lack of familiarity with the
relevant literatures which it self derives in large part from a lack of
familarity with the relevant languages. Thus, there has been very little
comparison of aesthetics in the context of emerging or newly-established
nations, and the vital and simultaneous investigation of modernism in those
countries, that takes into account both the countries of the Mediterranean
and of the Balkans, rather than viewing them as peripheries and discussing
them almost exclusively in relation to a theoretical centre. In a number of
recent publications and papers, I have aimed to break down some of the
seborders precisely by confronting the question of tradition and modernism
and bycomparing and contrasting the music of the Latin/ Roman Catholic
South-West with that of the Slavic and Greek/Orthodox East, at the same time
endeavouring todiscuss this problem in a very broad sense, which I believe
to be necessary in establishing the groundwork for future investigation in
this area. In this article I discuss this approach and examine the problems
inherent in its implementation, given both the need for breadth of
historical and geographical vision (i.e., denationalizing music histories)
and for the avoidance of a musicology of cliche, born of ideology rather
than unbiased curiosity.
Universal organising principles of music and fairy tales
Authors: Ivanovic-O’Brien Nada
Published: February 2019

This article?s focus is the universal organising principles underlying the
energy transformation process in music and fairy tales. Taking into account
relevant research in Jungian analytical psychology and music analysis, a
comparative study of energy transformation processes in fairy tales and
music is given. This yields an outline for a potential new meta-analysis of
music introducing the symbolic and psychoid nature of music and its
relevance for psychological development.
Theoretical And Mathematical Analysis Of Double- Circuit Solar Station With Thermo Siphon Circulation
Authors: AMİRGALİYEV Yedilkhan , KUNELBAYEV Murat , KALİZHANOVA Aliya , AUELBEKOV Omirlan , KATAYEV Nazbek , KOZBAKOVA Ainur
Published: February 2019

This article
discusses the mathematical models of the individual structures and modes of
operation of a double-circuit solar collector with thermo siphon circulation.
To perform this task, we considered a new design of a flat solar collector with
thermo siphon circulation, in which the heat transfer coefficient was increased
by eliminating additional partitions between the panel and thermal insulation.
The efficiency of the solar collector is achieved due to the presence of the
metering tank and the heat pump in the tank, where the condenser and evaporator
are made in the form of a “spiral in a spiral” type heat exchanger, and the
heat exchanger pipelines are placed one above the other, which allows increasing
the area and intensity of heat exchange. The result of this work is a
theoretical and mathematical analysis of the unsteady thermal regime of flat
solar collectors on the modes of operation under consideration. Based on the
results of the analysis, it is possible to optimize individual structural
elements, as well as to predict the thermal regime and select alternative
solutions for the design of flat solar collectors and the choice of operating
modes.
Um serviço socioassistencial da cidade de São Paulo em conflito com as demandas da população em situação de rua: uma análise a partir da entrevista aplicada
Authors: Cordeiro Diego Borges
Published: February 2019

Este artigo tem como objetivo analisar um serviço socioassistencial da cidade de São Paulo, conhecido como Tenda Bela Vista, cujo equipamento volta-se para o atendimento da população em situação de rua. A análise mira exclusivamente nos atendimentos conflitantes da Tenda para compreender a sua qualidade, suas demandas e necessidades, bem como seus limites e capacidade. A pesquisa é fundamentada por uma bibliografia das Ciências Sociais que aborda ou estabelece relações teóricas sobre o assunto. Também foi realizada uma entrevista com quinze (15) pessoas em situação de rua, estas atendidas pelo serviço no ano de 2016.
Sequestro internacional de crianças: uma análise da Convenção de Haia de 1980
Authors: Cidrão Taís Vasconcelos , Muniz Antônio Walber , Sobreira Sérgio Adriano Ribeiro
Published: February 2019

Atualmente, uma das consequências do processo de “globalização”, além da intensificação das relações comerciais entre empresas e Estados, é que se tem formado, cada vez mais, famílias bi ou multinacionais. Nesses casos, a família normalmente fixa residência no país de um dos cônjuges. Todavia, após o divórcio, um dos cônjuges toma a decisão unilateralmente de voltar a residir no seu país de origem, levando consigo os filhos resultantes do casamento, ainda que menores, sem a autorização do outro genitor e nem sequer do Poder Judiciário competente. Nestas situações, e em outras nas quais a(s) criança(s) é (são) subtraída(s) do seu “habitat” natural por um dos genitores sem a devida autorização do outro genitor e nem o seu suprimento judicial, aplica-se a Convenção sobre os Aspectos Civis do Sequestro Internacional de Crianças com o objetivo precípuo de repatriar e reinserir a criança no seu meio original, restabelecendo-se o status quo. Todavia, há alguns aspectos e exceções previstas na referida Convenção que têm sido alvo de discussões nos Tribunais e no meio acadêmico. O que se pretende com o referido estudo é, através de um estudo bibliográfico e documental (principalmente através de análise legislativa) examinar os pormenores dessa problemática.
É possível consumir um filme, um telejornal e desfrutar de um sabonete? Empregos linguístico-discursivos referentes ao ato de consumir
Authors: Palacios Annamaria da Rocha Jatobá , Serra Joaquim Paulo Mateus
Published: February 2019

O texto discute empregos linguístico-discursivos do termo consumo derivados de flexões do verbo consumir. Parte da premissa de que o emprego da palavra consumo tem adquirido evidência nos enunciados em recentes trabalhos acadêmicos publicados no Brasil. A fim de tentar explicar tal ocorrência o texto aborda algumas modalidades de consumo de bens simbólicos midiáticos e de bens não simbólicos e suas relações com a cultura material na atualidade. Procura relacionar a concepção do produto ou bem, usos sociais e funcionalidades com designações verbais existentes na língua portuguesa relativas a atos de consumo. Discorre sobre o caráter precípuo da seguinte interrogação: quais formas usuais da língua portuguesa marcam ou refletem os modos de contato e de utilização de bens de materiais e de bens simbólicos?
Evidence of Co-Evolution of Technology-Centered Knowledge Networks and Capabilities in a Latecomer Enterprise: The Case of Petrobras Distribuidora in Developing the Automotive Lubricant Product Line
Authors: Andersen Paul Marius , Vasconcellos Eduardo Pinheiro Gondim de , Bruno Marcos Alberto Castelhano
Published: February 2019

This paper aims to verify the suitability of DANTAS & BELL (2011) framework, applied on the case of the development of the automotive lubricant product line at the subsidiary Petrobras Distribuidora. Using a single technology example as an exploratory pilot-study in a latecomer firm confirmed the existence of a self-reinforcing, accumulative and non-recursive relationship between capabilities and networks. Moreover, the construct also enabled the assessment of the capability level of the lubricant business and permitted the elaboration of practical managerial considerations aiming at the development of world leading products on the innovation frontier.
A Bibliometric Review of Institutional Theory on Higher Education Institutions
Authors: Hsu Pang Lien , Maccari Emerson Antonio , Mazieri Marcos Rogério , Storopoli José Eduardo
Published: February 2019

In this study, we explore how institutional theory and its many subareas contributes, are utilized and applied to the area of higher education management’s research by their scholars. For this purpose, we performed a bibliometric analysis on 659 papers extracted from Web of Science database. As results we indicate five main clusters as foundation to the field: institutional theory; economic impact of entrepreneurship and universities; competitiveness of universities as businesses; service quality and; measurement and development of models for higher education. And 7 main clusters as subfields of research: Institutional Multiplicity; Institutional pressures on Higher Education; Higher Education Efficiency; Leadership in Higher Education; Entrepreneurial Higher Education; Academy & Professional relations and; Quality and Satisfaction in Higher Education.
Coping with Lexical Gaps: Use of Compensatory Strategies by Iranian EFL Students
Authors: Hojati Alireza , Mirzaee Akbar
Published: February 2019

Learners of English as a non-native anguage unavoidably confront situations in which insufficiency of their linguistic knowledge presents them with difficulties. There are also case in which the absence of some native-language lexical items in the target language is the source of problems the learners have to grapple with. This  study focused on the phenomenon known as ˜lexical gap .The aim was to identify and examine the use of compensatory strategies employed by Iranian EFL students in coping with lexical gaps.To this end, number of Iranian undergraduate EFL students were selected and then split into two groups of intermediate-level and advanced-level. Both groups were given two written tasks requiring them to introduce eight Farsi words with no English counterparts to a typical native speaker of English. The analysis of data revealed  well as the existence of some surprising differences between the frequencies of strategy use by the two groups.
Eastern Afromontane Ecosystem Profile Summary: English to Arabic translate booklet
Authors: Misned Othman
Published: February 2019

About CEPF:Â Established in 2000, the Critical Ecosystem Partnership Fund (CEPF) is a globalÂ leader in enabling civil society to participate in and influence the conservation ofÂ some of the worldâ€™s most critical ecosystems. CEPF is a joint initiative of lâ€™AgenceÂ FranÃ§aise de DÃ©veloppement (AFD), Conservation International, the GlobalEnvironment Facility (GEF), the Government of Japan, the John D. and CatherineÂ T. MacArthur Foundation and the World Bank. CEPF is unique among fundingÂ mechanisms in that it focuses on high-priority biological areas rather thanÂ political boundaries and examines conservation threats on a landscape scale.Â From this perspective, CEPF seeks to identify and support a regional, rather thana national, approach to achieving conservation outcomes and engages a wideÂ range of public and private institutions to address conservation needs throughcoordinated regional efforts.Ù†Ø¨Ø°Ø© Ø¹Ù† ØµÙ†Ø¯ÙˆÙ‚ Ø´Ø±Ø§ÙƒØ© Ø§Ù„Ø£Ù†Ø¸Ù…Ø© Ø§Ù„Ø¨ÙŠØ¦ÙŠØ© Ø§Ù„Ù‡Ø§Ù…Ø©ØªØ£Ø³Ø³ ØµÙ†Ø¯ÙˆÙ‚ Ø´Ø±Ø§ÙƒØ© Ø§Ù„Ø£Ù†Ø¸Ù…Ø© Ø§Ù„Ø¨ÙŠØ¦ÙŠØ© Ø§Ù„Ù‡Ø§Ù…Ø© Ø¹Ø§Ù… 2000 ØŒ ÙˆÙŠØ¹ØªØ¨Ø± Ù…Ù† Ø§Ù„Ø±ÙˆØ§Ø¯ Ø§Ù„Ø¯ÙˆÙ„ÙŠÙŠÙ† ÙÙŠ ØªÙ…ÙƒÙŠÙ† Ø§Ù„Ù…Ø¬ØªÙ…Ø¹Ø§Ù„Ù…Ø¯Ù†ÙŠ Ù…Ù† Ø§Ù„Ù…Ø´Ø§Ø±ÙƒØ© ÙˆØ§Ù„ØªØ£Ø«ÙŠØ± ÙÙŠ Ø§Ù„Ø­ÙØ§Ø¸ Ø¹Ù„Ù‰ Ø¨Ø¹Ø¶ Ø§Ù„Ø£Ù†Ø¸Ù…Ø© Ø§Ù„Ø¨ÙŠØ¦ÙŠØ© Ø§Ù„Ø£ÙƒØ«Ø± Ø£Ù‡Ù…ÙŠØ© ÙÙŠ Ø§Ù„Ø¹Ø§Ù„Ù…. ÙŠÙ…Ø«Ù„Ø§Ù„ØµÙ†Ø¯ÙˆÙ‚ Ù…Ø¨Ø§Ø¯Ø±Ø© Ù…Ø´ØªØ±ÙƒØ© Ø¨ÙŠÙ† Ø§Ù„ÙˆÙƒØ§Ù„Ø© Ø§Ù„ÙØ±Ù†Ø³ÙŠØ© Ù„Ù„Ø¥Ù†Ù…Ø§Ø¡ Ùˆ Ù…Ù†Ø¸Ù…Ø© Ø§Ù„Ø­Ù…Ø§ÙŠØ© Ø§Ù„Ø¯ÙˆÙ„ÙŠØ© Ùˆ Ù…Ø±ÙÙ‚ Ø§Ù„Ø¨ÙŠØ¦Ø©Ø§Ù„Ø¹Ø§Ù„Ù…ÙŠ ÙˆØ­ÙƒÙˆÙ…Ø© Ø§Ù„ÙŠØ§Ø¨Ø§Ù† Ùˆâ€Ù…Ø¤Ø³Ø³Ø© Ø¬ÙˆÙ† Ø¯. ÙˆÙƒØ§Ø«Ø±ÙŠÙ† Øª. Ù…ÙƒØ¢Ø±Ø«Ø±â€ ÙˆØ§Ù„Ø¨Ù†Ùƒ Ø§Ù„Ø¯ÙˆÙ„ÙŠ.ÙŠØªÙ…ÙŠØ² ØµÙ†Ø¯ÙˆÙ‚ Ø´Ø±Ø§ÙƒØ© Ø§Ù„Ø£Ù†Ø¸Ù…Ø© Ø§Ù„Ø¨ÙŠØ¦ÙŠØ© Ø§Ù„Ù‡Ø§Ù…Ø© Ø¹Ù† ØºÙŠØ±Ù‡ Ù…Ù† Ø¢Ù„ÙŠØ§Øª Ø§Ù„ØªÙ…ÙˆÙŠÙ„ Ø¨ØªØ±ÙƒÙŠØ²Ù‡ Ø¹Ù„Ù‰ Ù…Ù†Ø§Ø·Ù‚Ø§Ù„ØªÙ†ÙˆØ¹ Ø§Ù„Ø­ÙŠÙˆÙŠ Ø°Ø§Øª Ø§Ù„Ø£ÙˆÙ„ÙˆÙŠØ© Ø§ÙƒØ«Ø± Ù…Ù† ØªØ±ÙƒÙŠØ²Ù‡ Ø¹Ù„Ù‰ Ø§Ù„Ø­Ø¯ÙˆØ¯ Ø§Ù„Ø³ÙŠØ§Ø³ÙŠØ© Ø¨Ø§Ù„Ø¥Ø¶Ø§ÙØ© Ø§Ù„Ù‰ Ø§Ø®Ø°Ù‡ Ø¨Ø¹ÙŠÙ† Ø§Ù„Ø¥Ø¹ØªØ¨Ø§Ø±Ø§Ù„ØªÙ‡Ø¯ÙŠØ¯Ø§Øª Ø§Ù„Ø¨ÙŠØ¦ÙŠØ© Ø¹Ù„Ù‰ Ù†Ø·Ø§Ù‚ Ø¬ØºØ±Ø§ÙÙŠ ÙˆØ§Ø³Ø¹. ÙˆÙ…Ù† Ù‡Ø°Ø§ Ø§Ù„Ù…Ù†Ø¸ÙˆØ±ØŒ ÙŠØ³Ø¹Ù‰ Ø§Ù„ØµÙ†Ø¯ÙˆÙ‚ Ø¥Ù„Ù‰ ØªØ·ÙˆÙŠØ± ÙˆØ¯Ø¹Ù…Ù†Ù‡Ø¬ Ø¬Ø¯ÙŠØ¯ Ø¹Ù„Ù‰ Ø§Ù„Ù…Ø³ØªÙˆÙ‰ Ø§Ù„Ø¥Ù‚Ù„ÙŠÙ…ÙŠ ÙˆÙ„ÙŠØ³ Ø¹Ù„Ù‰ Ø§Ù„Ù…Ø³ØªÙˆÙ‰ Ø§Ù„Ù…Ø­Ù„ÙŠ Ù„ØªØ­Ù‚ÙŠÙ‚ Ø£Ø«Ø§Ø± Ø¥ÙŠØ¬Ø§Ø¨ÙŠØ© Ù„Ø­Ù…Ø§ÙŠØ© Ø§Ù„ØªÙ†ÙˆØ¹Ø§Ù„Ø­ÙŠÙˆÙŠ ÙˆØ¨Ù…Ø´Ø§Ø±ÙƒØ© ÙˆØ§Ø³Ø¹Ø© Ù…Ù† Ù‚Ø¨Ù„ Ø§Ù„Ù…Ø¤Ø³Ø³Ø§Øª Ø§Ù„Ø¹Ø§Ù…Ø© ÙˆØ§Ù„Ø®Ø§ØµØ© Ù„ØªÙ„Ø¨ÙŠØ© Ø§Ø­ØªÙŠØ§Ø¬Ø§Øª Ø§Ù„Ø­Ù…Ø§ÙŠØ© Ù…Ù† Ø®Ù„Ø§Ù„ Ø¬Ù‡Ø¯Ø¥Ù‚Ù„ÙŠÙ…ÙŠ Ù…Ù†Ø³Ù‚.
The Capitalized society subjugates the weak: Perspectives; Death of a Salesman
Authors: Azam Azmi
Published: February 2019

Death of a Salesman is centered on one man trying to reach the American dream and taking his family along for the ride. Loman's life from beginning to end is a troubling story based on trying to become successful, or at least happy. Throughout their lives, the family encounters many problems and the end result is a tragic death caused by stupidity and the need to succeed. During his life, Willy Loman caused his wife great pain by living a life not realizing what he could and couldn't do. Linda lived sad and pathetic days supporting Willy's unreachable goals. Being brought up in this world caused his children to lose their identity and put their futures in jeopardy. At the end, we certainly realize what are the forces that led Loman towards his death. His society enforces him to embrace death as the possible solution, and society helps him to act like a brute. His family is brutally treated to its doom and uncertainty though he sacrifices himself in the alter of a capitalist society that brutally holds the oppressive guillotine of manipulation, exploitation and profit-making attitude.
The Psychosocial Dimensions of Religious Language and Metaphors from a Linguistic Viewpoint
Authors: El-Sharif Ahmad
Published: February 2019

It has become common in linguistic research to consider metaphorical language as matter of thought rather than of language. Herein, a metaphor is understood as a conceptual source domain by which an idea about a notion (a conceptual target domain) is conveyed on the basis of human experiential knowledge which is constructed through a set of social and psychological dimensions in a given society. Research in contemporary metaphor analysis emphasises that scrutinising the conceptual components a frequent metaphorical representations in a given discourse can reveal the different psychological and social dogmatic constituents of the discourse of the society where these metaphorical representations emerge. In this paper, I argue that the analysis of religious metaphors in the Prophet Muhammads tradition as a linguistic and conceptual phenomenon can reveal how their deliberate and indispensible choice induces some of five key psychosocial dimensions of early Islamic society. These dimensions are mostly concerned in introducing the Muslims identity, the appeal to authority and power through well-guided rulership and Islamic laws, showing affiliation through the prescribed rituals, the conflict with an evil, and finally, the dichotomy of us versus them.
Akokoid Comparative Wordlist
Authors: Fadoro J.O.
Published: February 2019

Akokoid, in this paper, refers to the nine speech forms which are spoken in Akoko North-West Local Government Area of Ondo State in South-Western Nigeria. These speech forms are Arigidi, Erushu, Afa, Oge, Aje, Udo, Oyin, Igashi and Uro. Since the 1970's, scholars have lumped these speech forms together as dialects of the same language without any detailed lexicostatistic investigation. Thus, the major objective of this paper is to determine whether the speech forms are really dialects of the same language through lexicostatistic analysis. Data were collected from 34 informants spread across the nine geographical areas where the speech forms are spoken through the direct interview method. In analyzing these data, Swadesh's principles of lexicostatistics were used. The lexicostatistic figures reveal that Arigidi and Erushu are 88.5% cognate, so they are classified as dialects of Arigidi. Afa, Oge, Aje, Udo, Oyin, Igashi and Uro are 81% cognate, so they are classified as dialects of the same language called Owon (meaning tongue). Two distinct but fairly related languages were identified within the nine speech forms. These are Arigidi and Owon, jointly referred to as Akokoid by virtue of their Akoko root. Therefore, there is no justification for lumping them together as dialects of a single language.
Sri Guru Granth Vich Prastut Mull Vidhant
Authors: Kaur Arjinder
Published: February 2019

Sri guru granth sahib bharat di dharmik ate darshnik prampra da oh vadmulla sarmaya hai, jis vich chintan ate phalasphe nu satkare'a gaya hai. Eh guru sahiban ji di maulik ate and alukik vichaar dhara da sarup hai.
The Pragmatic Role Of Meta-Discourse Markers In The Attainment Of Persuasion: A Study Of An Iranian Newspaper Advertisement Headlines
Authors: Shahab Sara , Assadi Nader
Published: February 2019

The present study aimed at investigating the persuasive role of metadiscourse markers in an Iranian newspaper advertisement headlines; say, Hamshari. To achieve the afore-mentioned purpose, the study adopted Fuertes-Olivera, et. al. (2001)s framework of pragmatic elements of advertising which is, in turn, adapted based on Jakobsonian communication model of the advertising discourse, and Fuertes-Olivera et al. (2001)s framework suggesting different functions of metadiscourse in advertising English. The selected examples showed that while textual metadiscourse helps addressees to interpret headlines within the constraints of genre and epistemology, interpersonal metadiscourse provides a kind of balance between informing and persuading the addressees. Moreover, the findings indicated a variety of metadiscourse strategies used by the advertisers in order to persuade prospective customers, including person markers, hedges, emphatics, endophoric markers and evidents. Regarding pedagogical implications, the present study attempted to broaden the pragmatics of advertising discourse and to stress the important role of metadiscourse in EFL courses.
Exploring the Development of Communication Abilities of Intermediate-High Spanish Learners during Online Chatting
Authors: D'Amico Melanie
Published: February 2019

This project explores how intermediate-high learners of Spanish communicate during a real-world style chatting conversation. Further, this study investigates these learners' ability to improve their communication over time as they are moving away from the effort of learning their L2 and toward the effort of applying that knowledge as they use the L2. To explore the use and development of communication abilities, online conversations (chats) were used due to their reduced-pressure contexts (Sun, 2007). Participants were 32 intermediate-high Spanish learners from an advanced grammar course. Learners completed five open topic online chatting sessions. These chats were analyzed for the use of twelve communication tactics: openings, closings, pre-closing devices, direct requests, indirect requests, mitigated speech, circumlocution, follow-up questions, message abandonment, code switching, self-correction, and other-correction. Results found a significant increase in closings and follow-up questions along with a significant decrease in code switching from Chat 1 to Chat 3. Following Chat 3, these significant changes were maintained in Chats 4 and 5 (despite a slight increase in code switching during Chat 5). Additionally, from Chat 1 to Chat 4, significant increases were seen in circumlocution and self-correction and from Chat 1 to Chat 5, a significant decrease was seen for topic abandonment. These results show positive development over time to higher quality conversations with a desire to better maintain and explore topics. Further, learners attempted to remain in Spanish using less code switching and greater circumlocution to convey their meaning. At the same time, learners worked toward greater accuracy through their increased self-corrections.
Strategies For Translating Metaphorical Collocations In The Holy Qur'an
Authors: Alshaje'a Hilal
Published: February 2019

A lot of research addresses to the definitions of collocations, their properties, and how they are different from other language forms like metaphors and idioms concerning the transparency of its adjacent constituents in contributing to meaning, both intra- and interlingually. Collocations in all languages including in Arabic, reflect conventional uses and fixed patterns, but the Qur'anic collocations show distinguished uses that are different from those existed in other Arabic genres. Thus, translating Qur'anic collocations in particular brings about a challenge because of linguistic, cultural, and communicative reasons. The present paper clarifies the distinguished characteristic of collocation in the Qur'an that makes its discourse incomparable in other languages such as English, and discusses the most appropriate strategies for rendering metaphorical collocations in the Holy Qur'an as well. Some translations of the Qur'anic text including collocation have been chosen as they display linguistic problems produced by cling on the part of the translators to the word order of the Arabic source text, thus causing eccentricity in the target language.
Language and Context in Inter-Cultural Communication
Authors: Abushihab Dr. Ibrahim
Published: February 2019

The text is considered as a final product which exists in the mind as the result of a mental activity. It is a unit of human action, interaction, communication and cognition which are based on the context. Background knowledge of the social context and its cultural norms and the power of contextual inference help in finding the particular meaning of the text. Context is an idealized abstraction of the required meaning from the communicative situation whereas contextualization, as defined by Brelsford and Rogers (2008:1) is international effort to extend learning beyond the classroom into relevant contexts in the real world, and it also entails bringing realities of those extra academic comments into the classroom. Students who belong to a different culture often find themselves out of touch with the content of the topic being taught. Context and contextualization are essential in solving such issues.
Towards a Semantic Prosodies Approach in the Study of Irony
Authors: Benna Sameh
Published: February 2019

The advent of large corpora such as the LOB, Brown¦made it possible for readers to perceive consistencies in the influence of collocation on the behaviour of particular linguistic forms. Irony as a stylistic phenomenon procedure relies heavily and draws its effect from a collocative clash. However, in order to be able to identify a potential collocative clash, there must be a sufficiently consistent background of expected collocation against which the depiction of irony becomes clear. The consistent meaning that a form has is referred to in this paper as semantic prosody. Semantic prosodies proved to be largely unaccessible to human intuition about language and they cannot be deduced reliably through introspection. In this paper irony in Hemingways A Farewell to Armswas depicted using a collocational approach. The BNC corpus will be used to depict the semantic prosody of some words in the novel and how through their collocates they yield an ironical meaning.
Narrative Anacrusis: A Descriptive Analysis in Healthy Adults Speaking English
Authors: Rangarathnam Balaji , Bhaskaran Sreejyothi , Manjula R
Published: February 2019

Anacrusis is the tendency to produce one or more unstressed syllables at the beginning of an utterance in a language. Such syllables are often pronounced rapidly and strongly reduced in duration. Anacrusis has been reported extensively in music, while studies related to spoken language are sparse. This study aimed to analyze the occurrences of anacrusis in narrative speech of healthy Asian-Indian adults speaking English. This was carried out by perceptually identifying the intonation groups and to identify anacrustic and non-anacrustic occurrences with reference to the primary stress and to acoustically verify the presence of â€˜anacrusis using the measure verage syllable duration index. Ten healthy Asian-Indian adults [5 males and 5 females] within the age range of 18-25 years, proficient in English, participated in the study. The task was to narrate on a topic (college life) for 1 minute. The samples were audio recorded and perceptually analyzed for primary stress. Further, the average syllable duration of each utterance was calculated. Results suggest that anacrusis was often noticed in the initial part of the intonation groups but there were few instances where the anacrustic segments occurred in the medial or final positions also. More identifications of primary stress were observed in the non-anacrustic utterances compared to the anacrustic utterances. Average syllable duration increased as the word position moved from first word position to the final word position in an intonation group suggesting the presence of anacrusis. The anacrustic and non-anacrustic segments in each intonation groups on an average exhibited a 1/3rd: 2/3rd representation.
The contribution of phonological awareness and naming speed to reading vowelized and unvowelized texts in Arabic
Authors: Jabbour Maysa , Ibrahim Raphiq , Shany Michal
Published: February 2019

The aim of this study is to assess the contribution of and phonological awareness and naming speed abilities to reading in the Arabic language. For this purpose, 117 third and fifth grade Arabic-speaking children with intact verbal abilities were given measures of phonological awareness and naming speed, as well as reading measures of vowelized and unvowelized texts. The results revealed a modest correlation between phonological awareness and naming speed (NS) measures. Also, as predicted, a significant relationship was found between phonological awareness measures and reading accuracy; and between naming speed measures and fluency. Following, Hierarchal regression analyses revealed that, phonological awareness measures contributed significantly to variance in  reading accuracy, and naming speed measures contributed a unique variance in reading fluency. Further analysis revealed that naming speed measures explain more variance in fluency and explained more variance in third grade than in fifth grade while phonological awareness measures explained more variance in fifth grade than in third grade. These results reveal that both abilities are key components in reading acquisition in Arabic, and that their relative contribution to reading not only depends on the orthographic transparency, but to other features as well.
CRITICAL REVIEW ABOUT THE DIFFERENCES OF THE LINGUISTIC MOOD BETWEEN ARABIC AND ENGLISH LANGUAGES
Authors: FATHI DHUHA ABDULJABBAR
Published: February 2019

This article presents an exhaustive review of these studies and suggests a direction for future developments. This current study shed light on the meaning of mood in Arabic and English Languages. Also, the differences between them and effect of this mood on the linguistic an speech act. This papers have been takled the type of mood in Arabic and English languages.
The Morpho-Syntax of Clausal Negation in Rural Jordanian Arabic
Authors: AL-DEAIBES MUTASIM
Published: February 2019

In this paper, I argue that the Neg particles head their projections, and the negation in a hierarchical representation occurs between TP and VP. In future tense, I argue that the Aux can move to the Neg head just to pick the negation and then the negative particle and the Aux moves to T. I also show that speakers of RJA use different negation constructions depending on the structure and tense of the sentence. For example, the negative particle ma is a preverbal particle used with present and past verbs evenly. The negative particleÂ ma¦-ƒ is a pre and post-verbal particle where ma is a proclitic and -ƒ is an enclitic. This particle is used with present verbs and past verbs. However, when used with present tense verbs, the proclitic ma becomes optional, whereas with past tense verbs the deletion of the procliticÂ maÂ results in an ungrammatical sentence. As for copular sentences, the particle miƒ is used to negate verbless copular sentences where there is a covert present tense verb. But, when the copular sentence is formed via a past tense verb, miƒ is no longer used. Instead, the negative construction maâ¦-ƒ  is used.
Critical Review about the Differences of the Linguistic Mood between Arabic and English Languages
Authors: FATHI DHUHA ABDULJABBAR , Juminganc Muhammed Fauzi , Othmand Muhd Suki
Published: February 2019

This article presents an exhaustive review of these studies and suggests a direction for future developments. This current study shed light on the meaning of mood in Arabic and English Languages. Also, the differences between them and effect of this mood on the linguistic an speech act. This papers have been takled the type of mood in Arabic and English languages.
Some remarks on the semantics of ir + Infinitive in European Portuguese
Authors: Cunha Luis Filipe
Published: February 2019

This paper deals with the semantics of the European Portuguese structure ir  + Infinitive, in particular when it occurs with the Pret©rito Perfeito (a terminative past tense) and the Presente do Indicativo (Simple Present). We will argue for the hypothesis that, indeed, in this language there are two different semantic configurations behind the ir + Infinitive sequence. In fact, we will begin describing a first reading in which ir  seems to retain most of its basic lexical properties, imposing strong restrictions to the situations that can combine with it, concerning particularly their aspectual profile and the presence or absence of the agentive feature; then, we will explore a second interpretation in which ir  behaves like a pure temporal operator of futurity, exhibiting the characteristics of a semi-auxiliary and imposing no relevant constraints to the eventualities that co-occur in the whole structure.
Similarities and differences between papal discourses and presidential speeches: wishes, values, scenarios, spaces and agents
Authors: Maldavsky David , Plut SebastiÃ¡n
Published: February 2019

The paper details in the first place the frequency distributions in the analysis of wishes in words in papal speeches and then compares them with the frequency distributions in the analysis of wishes in words in presidential speeches. The differences detected between both analyses let us infer that words such as truth, love and beauty are more relevant in papal speeches, whereas the ideals of winning, justice and dignity prevail in presidential speeches. Moreover, there are differences between these speeches in terms of the kind of scenario narrated, the spatial concept, the colleagues, etc.
Influence of Second Language (L2) Proficiency on the Measure of Spatiotemporal Index of Bilabial Utterances in Typical Kannada (L1) English (L2) Bilingual Speakers
Authors: BVM Mahesh , R Manjula
Published: February 2019

The Spatiotemporal Index (STI) of Lower lip (LL) across L1 (Kannada) and L2 (English) in High Proficient (HP)/Early and ˜Low Proficient (LP)/Late typical Kannada (L1)-English (L2) bilinguals was analyzed. A bilabial utterance pair matched for syllable structure and length, phonetic complexity, and overall duration across L1 and L2 were uttered 10 times in each language randomly using language switching paradigm by HP/Early  (n = 7) and LP/Late (n = 7) bilinguals. The mean STI was significantly different across languages and L2 language proficiency, supporting the use of differential speech motor control strategies by participants to maintain phonetic distinctiveness across languages. The STI was more variable in HP/Early bilinguals across L1 and L2 than LP/Late bilinguals and HP/Early bilinguals showed higher variability in Kannada (L1), reflecting higher organizational flexibility and movement control along with successful suppression of the non target language (L2). The mean STI in LP/Late bilinguals did not differ significantly across languages suggesting reduced movement flexibility and inability to suppress the interfering effect of L1 on L2.  The results are discussed in the perspective of the measure of STI reflecting an intra articulatory global movement variability that is sensitive in understanding the movement control differences in the speech production of bilinguals. The findings are also discussed in the backdrop of bilingual speech production models and possible influence of âcross Linguistic Interference on articulatory movement stability across L1 and L2.
Demotivational Factors among Secondary School EFL Teachers in Iran
Authors: Nazari Abolhassan , Taki Saeed
Published: February 2019

Demotivating factors negatively influence teachers attitudes and behaviors and hence lead to undesired teaching outcomes. The endeavor of this thesis was to scrutinize some sources of demotivational factors among Iranian English language teachers junior and senior high schools. To begin with, 100 junior and senior high school teachers in Chaharmahal Va Bakhtiari province, South West of Iran participated in this study. Two instruments (questionnaire and interview) were used for collecting data. Descriptive and inferential statistics for all questions and categories were generated and reported. The overall results showed that five out of six top items are related to working conditions and class facilities. The lowest number of demotivating factors related to lack of communication among teachers, lack of expression of straight opinion by colleagues, heterogeneity of learners in one class, students' forgetting to do homework, students' forgetting to bring textbook. The results also showed that recognizing and eradicating such impeding factors serve promising attention to learning, teaching and attainment.
Conceptual Metaphors and Proverbs as Interactive Communicative Strategies in a XVII-century Ballad
Authors: Borgogni Daniele
Published: February 2019

The article analyzes the presence of Conceptual Metaphors (CMs) in a XVII-century ballad in their interaction with popular proverbs as supplementary symbolizing patterns. The article will try to show the complexity of the mental processing involved in a special case of love disputation, in which CMs are made to interact with proverbs in order to produce implicatures. The use of CMs in the text and their interplay with proverbs and popular wisdom produce some unpredictable perlocutionary effects, which are not only significant indicators of the speakersâŸ ideology and point of view, but also trigger communicative effects and a âœproliferation of meaningsâ  which confirm, or disrupt, certain socially âžinheritedâŸ conceptual structures both reflecting and shaping the thought patterns of a community.
The Impersonal ‘you’ and Other Indexicals
Authors: Predelli Stefano
Published: February 2019

In this essay I propose a semantic analysis of impersonal uses of ‘you’, and related uses of other indexical expressions. The framework I employ is Kaplan’s classic analysis of indexical languages, enriched with independently motivated hypotheses about the identification of the semantically relevant context, and about the employment of generic expressions.
Mitigating Risks of Hybrid War: Search for an Effective Energy Strategyin The Baltic States
Authors: Molis Arūnas , Palazzo Claudia , Ainsalu Kaja
Published: February 2019

Meanwhile, energy security is threatened in new domains – maritime and cyber. In the maritime domain, military operations target construction works of the new objects as well as operating interconnectors, cables, LNG terminals, and other strategic assets. Regular situational awareness in the Baltic Sea region is lacking, as is sufficient naval and civilian maritime cooperation. In the cyber realm attacks become more frequent and more complex, critical infrastructure being the main target. As cyber security expertise and exercise are lacking and integration into European natural gas and electricity systems is not completed, blackout scenario in the Baltic States remains possible.