bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Electronic legislative initiative as a Tool to improve Citizens’ Public activity in Cyberspace: Common issues in the BriCs Countries, europe and the russian Federation
Authors: Ivanova K.
Published: February 2019

Around the world, parliaments, governments, civil society organizations and even individual parliamentarians are taking measures to make the legislative process more participatory. A key instrument of such measures is e-democracy. In the 1980s, a number of pilot projects on electronic voting and online discussions were introduced. However, only since 2000, with the active development of the Internet, has considerable interest in utilizing electronic initiatives to advance democracy emerge.

Today, researchers warn that despite all the talk about “e-democracy,” the circle of actual decision makers is likely to remain as small as it has been heretofore.

In this article, the author analyzes the pros and cons of electronic initiatives in the BRICS countries, Europe and the Russian Federation, and provides practical information for improvement.

The author suggests that the next step needed to improve civil activity in filing legislative initiatives is the application of a regular mechanism to establish the possibility of organizing the process of civil legislative initiative nomination and the collection of signatures in electronic form, in particular via the Internet, with the possible use of crowd sourcing technologies.
Trends and Prospects for legislative regulation of legal responsibility for environmental oﬀenses in BriCs Countries: Comparative law
Authors: Anisimov A. , Kayushnikova Ju.
Published: February 2019

This article provides a comparative analysis of the features of the national legislation of the BRICS countries that regulates the issues of legal responsibility for environmental offenses. The authors consider aspects of the normative consolidation of the rights and obligations of citizens in the field of environmental protection, the types of legal liability and the applicable sanctions for violations of environmental standards provided for by the national legislation of all BRICS countries. The study of the environmental legislation of the BRICS countries (Brazil, Russia, India, China and South Africa) reveals a number of general and specific directions in environmental policy with the aim of enriching the said countries with positive experience, overcoming difficulties in the organization of environmental management and environmental protection, the prevention of possible errors in the context of global economic and environmental crises, and making recommendations for environmental improvement. Improving the legislation of the BRICS countries in the field of legal liability for environmental offenses by taking into account the positive experience of these countries will help increase the effectiveness of prevention and rectification of negative consequences for the environment in both the Russian Federation and the BRICS association as a whole. Consequently, a comparative legal analysis of national environmental legislation of BRICS countries suggests that the general principles of responsibility for environmental offenses are inherent in all these countries, despite their fundamental differences in history, culture and geographical location.
Pilot Study of Probiotic Supplementation on Uremic Toxicity and Inflammatory Cytokines in Chronic Kidney Patients
Authors: Roth-Stefanski Cristina T. , Dolenga Carla , Nakao Lia S. , Pecoits-Filho Roberto , de Moraes Thyago P. , Moreno-Amaral Andrea N.
Published: February 2019

Background:

Bacterial metabolism contributes to the generation of uremic toxins in patients
with chronic kidney disease (CKD). It has been investigated the use of probiotics in the reduction
of uremic toxins intestinal production.

Objective:

The aim of this pilot study was to evaluate the effect of probiotic supplementation on reducing
the production of uremic toxins and the inflammatory profile of CKD patients.

Methods:

We performed a randomized, blind, placebo-controlled, crossover study on patients with
CKD stages 3 and 4. The intervention was a probiotic formulation composed of Lactobacillus
acidophilus strains given orally three times a day for 3 months. Changes in uremic toxins
(p-Cresylsulfate and Indoxyl Sulfate) and serum inflammatory cytokines were the primary endpoints.

Results:

Of the 44 patients randomized, 25 completed the study (mean age 51 ± 9.34, 64% female,
mean eGFR 36 ± 14.26 mL/min/1.73m², mean BMI 28.5 ± 5.75 kg/m²). At 3 months, there were no
significant changes in any of the studied biomarkers including p-cresylsulfate (p = 0.57), Indoxyl sulfate
(p = 0.08) and interleukin-6 (p = 0.55).

Conclusion:

Lactobacillus acidophilus strains given as probiotic were not able to reduce serum levels
of uremic toxins and biomarkers of inflammation in CKD patients in stage 3 and 4.
Preliminary Phytochemical Screening, Evaluation of the Phenolic Compositions and Antioxidant Activities of Four Iranian Alyssum Species
Authors: Golkar Pooran , Fotoohi Ahmad , Frezza Claudio
Published: February 2019

Background:

Alyssum L. is a genus of herbaceous perennial or annual plants belonging to the
Brassicaceae family. Little is known about biochemical properties of Alyssum species, specially endemics
to Iran. In particular, the species were A. homolocarpum (Fisch. & C.A.Mey.) Boiss., A. lepidotum
Boiss., A. maritimum (L.) Lam. (now syn. of Lobularia maritima (L.) Desv.) and A. simplex Rudolph. and
eight accessions were studied. These diverse species accessions were collected in six different areas.

Materials and Methods:

In this work, the Total Phenolic Content (TPC), the Total Flavonoid Content
(TFD), the Total Flavonol Content (TFL), the Carotenoid content (Car) and the Anthocyanin content
(Ant) of the leaf methanolic extracts of four Alyssum L. species collected in Iran, were assessed. The
antioxidant activity assay for every extract obtained from the eight accessions was also carried out according
to three distinct methodologies including three different methods including: DPPH, Beta carotene/
linoleic acid and phosphomolibdate assays.

Results:

The highest TPC, TFD and TFL values were separately observed in two different accessions of
A. lepidotum whereas the highest carotenoid content was observed in one accession of A. homolocarpum
and the highest anthocyanin content was observed in A. maritimum. Different results were observed
for different methodolies for antioxidant evaluations methods and some of them were found to
have values, expressed in mg/mL, much lower with respect to the control. The least DPPH activity and
the highest total antioxidant activity with phosphomolybdate assay was found in A. lepidotum.

Conclusion:

The preliminary phytochemical screening and the evaluation of their antioxidant activities
were reported here for the first time for Iranian Alyssum species. The findings eventually recommends,
the use of those accessions in the ethnopharmacological and nutraceutical fields.
A Survey of Multistage Interconnection Networks
Authors: Prakash Amit , Yadav Dilip K. , Choubey Arvind
Published: February 2019

Background:

Multistage interconnection networks are being used in computer and communications.
Multiprocessor architectures for parallel computing exercise these interconnection
networks for connecting various processing elements and transfer data between sub-systems of a
digital system. The vast diversity of the field poses an obstacle to realize different kinds of interconnection
networks and their relationship.

Methods:

This paper consists of an extensive survey of multistage interconnection networks.

Results:

A broad classification of multistage interconnection networks based on network functionality,
reliability and fault tolerance is presented in order to emphasize the important principles which
differentiate the network architectures. For each class of network, significant results are given and
the basic design principles are explained.

Conclusion:

The various multistage interconnection networks design provide high performance,
availability, throughput, lower latency, less power consumption along with improved fault-tolerance
and reliability. However, there is a rising demand for new fault-tolerant and reliable multistage interconnection
networks.
The Vessels Shaping Mental Health or Illness
Authors: Baruah Jugajyoti , Vasudevan Anju
Published: February 2019

The mammalian brain receives the lion’s share of the body’s blood supply and is a highly vascularized organ. The vascular and nervous systems arise at two distinct time points of embryogenesis; however, their functions tend to overlap or complement each other in the growth promoting milieu of the embryonic Central Nervous System (CNS). The pre-existing idea that mental disorders are a direct result from defects solely in neuronal populations and networks is gradually changing. Several studies have implicated blood vessel pathologies and blood flow changes in mental health disorders. Our own studies provide new perspectives as to how intrinsic defects in periventricular endothelial cells, from the earliest developmental time points can lead to the origin of mental health disorders such as schizophrenia, autism spectrum disorders (ASD), anxiety, and depression, thereby establishing direct links. In this article, we provide an overview of how the endothelial cell compartment in the brain is now gaining attention in the context of mental health disorders.
Flow Test for Ground Granulated Blast Furnace Slag-Fly Ash Inorganic Polymer Mix Designed for Pre-Placed Gravel Pavement
Authors: Al-Chaar Ghassan , Landi Matthew
Published: February 2019

Objective:

For the purpose of inexpensive and accelerated creation of corrosive resistive load bearing environments, the concept of combing pre-placed aggregate construction methods with Inorganic Polymer (IP) binder was explored.

Methods:

In this study the concept of combing pre-placed aggregate construction methods with Inorganic Polymer (IP) binder was explored by using laboratory scale experiments.

Conclusion:

Laboratory scale experiments demonstrate mechanical properties of the constructed bed as well as provide a useful range of component ratios, and ascertain the optimal operating conditions.
Nrf2/HO-1 Mediated Antioxidant Activities, Cytotoxicity Analysis and LCESI/ MS Profiling of Eulophia nuda L.
Authors: Nanekar Vikas , Shriram Varsha , Khare Tushar , Kumar Vinay
Published: February 2019

Background:

Eulophia nuda, is a highly medicinal orchid with strong antioxidant and
anticancer potentials in traditional systems of medicine. But few reports are available on the scientific
validation. The aim of the study was to investigate phytochemical constituents, antioxidant and
cytotoxic efficacies of extracts of Eulophia nuda, and the underlying mechanisms-of-action via upregulation
of nuclear transcription factor-erythroid-2 related factor (Nrf2) and hemeoxygenase-1
(HO-1) pathways.

Methods:

Petroleum Ether (PEE), Ethyl Acetate (EAE), Methanol (ME) and Aqueous Methanol
(AqME) extracts of shade dried tubers were obtained and concentrated in vacuo. Total phenols, flavonoids,
condensed tannins, ascorbic acid and carotenoids were estimated from the extracts using
standard methods. Antioxidant activities of extracts were determined by total antioxidant, FRAP,
ABTS, DPPH, OH, H2O2, NO, O2
·- radical scavenging assays. Cytotoxicity of EAE and ME were
assessed against MCF7 cells in vitro. LC-ESI/MS profiling of EAE was carried out. Quantitative
Real-Time (qRT) PCR was used for the expression analysis of Nrf2 and HO1 genes in EAE-treated
MCF7 cells.

Results:

In vitro models confirmed strong dose-dependent antioxidant and free-radical scavenging
potencies of E. nuda tuber extracts. Overall antioxidant efficacies were in the order EAE > ME >
AqME > PEE. EAE showed striking cytotoxicity followed by ME (0.86% and 5.17% cell survival
at 1000 µg ml-1, respectively). LC-ESI/MS profiling of most potent extract EAE revealed 37 identified
compounds including catechin, taxifolin, tocopherol, trigallic acid and chlorogenic acid, all
known for their strong antioxidant/anticancer properties. Expression levels of Nrf2 and HO1 genes
were up-regulated in MCF7 cells beyond 50 μg ml-1 extract concentration with > 2-fold increase at
200 µg ml-1 EAE.

Conclusion:

The data demonstrated that E. nuda extracts possess strong free radical scavenging and
antioxidant efficacies and the mechanism of action may be via inducing Nrf2 and HO-1.
Effect of Polypropylene Imine Nanocomposite on Gram-Positive and Gram-Negative Bacteria
Authors: Mohammadpour Bashir , Boshagh Mohammad A. , Hayati Bagher , Farhadi Leila , Kashefi Hajar , Salimizand Himen
Published: February 2019

Background:

Nosocomial infection is a serious threat to hospitalized patients in healthcare
when last-resort antibiotics do not act against pathogenic bacteria.

Aims:

The aim of this study was to study the effect of Polypropylene imine nanocomposite (PPI/CNT) on
Gram-Positive and Gram-Negative bacteria.

Methods:

PPI/CNT component was produced. Surface morphology and structure of PPI/CNT were analyzed
by Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SAM) and Transmission
Electron Microscopy (TEM). Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) of PPI/CNT was determined
against various bacteria.

Results:

FTIR showed strong and wider peak binding molecules in the CNT/COOH and PPI/CNT component.
PPI/CNT component was denser in comparison to low carbon nanotube according to SAM test. TEM
images showed that carbon nanotube was covered by PPI dots. The lowest MIC concerns polymer particles
for Staphylococcus epidermidis were 0.0025 μM/ml and Mycobacterium smegmatis 0.005 μM/ml.

Conclusion:

Our result indicated that PPI/CNT nanocomposite had good activity against Gram-positive
and Gram-negative bacteria. Some of the gram-negative bacteria were tolerant up to highest concentration.
With more investigations, it can be used as a new antibacterial component.
Synergistic Extraction of Gold by Di-(2-ethylhexyl)phosphoric Acid - Isodecanol
Authors: Jalil Mohd Jumain , Afwanisa Nurul , Suhada Intan , Rani Noor Hidayu Abdul
Published: February 2019

Objective and Background:

Synergistic extraction was introduced to replace single
extraction due to enhanced extraction efficiency of heavy metal.

Methodology:

In order to improve extraction efficiency, di-(2-ethylhexyl) phosphoric acid
(D2EHPA) was mixed with isodecanol to provide a synergistic effect together with leaching
solution which is thiourea. From the single extraction system, the optimum temperature is
found at 30°C producing the highest yield of %E of 91.30%. The single extraction also happened
better with the presence of Fe(III) solution and thiourea as the %E is at 91.23%.

Results and Conclusion:

It was found that the synergistic D2EHPA-isodecanol extraction is
successful as it yields higher %E than the single D2EHPA extraction.
Happiness Measurement Via Classroom Based on Face Tracking
Authors: Al-Ani Muzhir Shaban
Published: February 2019

Teaching and learning are important factors in our life, so, increasing the happiness during class cause raising the ability of learning. This research focused on the evaluation of the learning process via classroom before and after applying the proposed method. One of the big challenge during classroom lesson, the students after a short period of time (about 10-15 minutes) at the beginning of the session, turn off their minds and remain absolutely out of understanding. Our goal is to revitalize the classroom environment so that you are always attentive to the lecture. The proposed approach aims to track and detect the emotional facial expression and transient from emotional facial expression to raise the happy expression in order to reach the classroom happiness. Image processing issue is an important part of this approach in which based on face recognition and tracking, then evaluates the students’ happiness according to the proposed mode that located in the classroom. This model is implemented from Raspberry Pi device, tracking camera and high definition screen. The implemented algorithm allows you to continue of face tracing and make rising of happiness as possible. Increasing happiness is an important factor in making students more attractive and more understanding for the classroom lecture. This approach is implemented to cover both software and hardware, so, it is acceptable to work in real time.
Usefulness and Usability of a Personal Health Record and Survivorship Care Plan for Colorectal Cancer Survivors: Survey Study
Authors: Tarver Will L , Robb Bruce W , Haggstrom David A
Published: February 2019

Background

As a result of improvements in cancer screening, treatment, and supportive care, nearly two-thirds of individuals diagnosed with colorectal cancer (CRC) live for 5 years after diagnosis. An ever-increasing population of CRC survivors creates a need for effective survivorship care to help manage and mitigate the impact of CRC and its treatment. Personal health records (PHRs) and survivorship care plans provide a means of supporting the long-term care of cancer survivors.

Objective

The purpose of this study is to characterize the usefulness of a CRC PHR and survivorship care plan and to describe the usability of these technologies in a population of CRC survivors. To our knowledge, this is the first study to assess a PHR and survivorship care plan specifically targeting CRC survivors.

Methods

Twenty-two patients with CRC were recruited from surgery clinics of an academic medical center and Veterans Affairs hospital in Indianapolis and provided access to an online Colorectal Cancer Survivor’s Personal Health Record (CRCS-PHR). Survey data were collected to characterize the usefulness of the CRCS-PHR and describe its usability in a population of CRC survivors. CRC survivors were surveyed 6 months after being provided online access. Means and proportions were used to describe the usefulness and ease of using the CRC website. Open-ended questions were qualitatively coded using the constant comparative method.

Results

CRC survivors perceived features related to their health care (ie, summary of cancer treatment history, follow-up care schedule, description of side effects, and list of community resources) to be more useful than communication features (ie, creating online relationships with family members or caregivers, communicating with doctor, and secure messages). CRC survivors typically described utilizing traditional channels (eg, via telephone or in person) to communicate with their health care provider. Participants had overall positive perceptions with respect to ease of use and overall satisfaction. Major challenges experienced by participants included barriers to system log-in, lack of computer literacy or experience, and difficulty entering their patient information.

Conclusions

For CRC, survivors may find the greater value in a PHR’s medical content than the communication functions, which they have available elsewhere. These findings regarding the usefulness and usability of a PHR for the management of CRC survivorship provide valuable insights into how best to tailor these technologies to patients’ needs. These findings can inform future design and development of PHRs for purposes of both cancer and chronic disease management.
Factors Affecting Non-Adherence to Secondary Stroke Prevention Therapy in Ischemic Stroke Patients
Authors: Cholisoh Zakky , Karuniawati Hidayah , Azizah Tanti , Zaenab Zaenab , Hekmah Laila Nur
Published: February 2019

Stroke is cardiovascular disease that causes the world's highest disability and is the most prevalence disease after heart disease and cancer. Stroke is caused by circulatory disorders with 80% of the sufferers are diagnosed with ischemic stroke and 20% of them are diagnosed with hemorrhagic stroke. Patients who survive from the first stroke have high risk to have recurrent stroke. American Heart Association/American Stroke Association and Perhimpunan Dokter Spesialis Syaraf Indonesia recommend secondary stroke prevention therapy including antiplatelet/anticoagulant, antihypertensive agents, and antidislipidemia to minimalize the risk of recurrent stroke. Secondary stroke prevention therapy is only the first step. Patients need to be adhere to those therapies. The non-adherence will increase the risk of recurrent stroke. The study aimed to determine factors which causing the non-adherence to secondary prevention therapy in patients with ischemic stroke. This was a case control study with concecutive sampling method by interviewing patients who met the inclusion criterias i.e., had been diagnosed and were inpatients due to ischemic stroke, but in the time of interview patients were outpatients, patients were able to communicate and agree to participate in the study.Data was analized by bivariate / chi square test and multivariate logistic regression test. During the study period, 184 respondents met the inclusion criterias. Factors affecting non-adherence in the use of secondary prevention therapy were No one reminded to take medicine p = 0.03; OR 4.51, denial of the disease p = 0,036 OR 214, and tired of taking medicine p = 0,045 OR 1,97.
Evaluation of Compounding Sterile Preparations for Hospitalized Pediatric Patients in "X" Hospital Semarang City, Indonesia
Authors: Sudianto Melviya , Ayuningputri Dina Christin , Yuliani Sri Hartati
Published: February 2019

Compounding sterile preparation, especially for hospitalized pediatric patients, needs more concern due to dose adjustment. Things to be concerned about are compounding personnel, utilization of aseptic technique, and facilitation that affects the quality of sterile preparations. The aims of this study were to observe compounding process and to quality the sterile preparations for hospitalized pediatric patients in “X” Hospital, Semarang City, Indonesia. This research is an observational analitic with incidentally sampling research. Subject in this research was personnel who performed sterile preparations for hospitalized pediatric patients. Results from 114 sterile preparations which were observed in pediatric ward showed that compounding personnel (100%), facilities & infrastuctures, and sterile preparations procedure were not suitable with the Mixing Guideline for injectable drug and cytostatic (2009), hence it could impact the quality of sterile preparations. In addition, even after implementing appropriate solvent, compounding procedures, and aseptic technique had been utilized (100%), the physical incompatibility occurred was 8.77%. The pH of Ceftriaxone and Cefotaxime was similar with those in the literature, but for Omeprazole’s pH and based on sterility test, there were no bacterial growth.
The Relation between Knowledge and Belief with Adult Patient’s Antibiotics Use Adherence
Authors: Nuraini April , Yulia Rika , Herawati Fauna , Setiasih Setiasih
Published: February 2019

The inappropriate use of antibiotics has resulted in bacterial resistance to antibiotics. One of the factors supporting this phenomenon is the lack of patient knowledge and belief of antibiotics. The study aimed to know the relationship between knowledge and belief with adherence in using antibiotics in adult patients at Syarifah Ambami Rato Ebu Hospital, Bangkalan, based on the Health Belief Model theory. This research is observational analysis using cross-sectional study. There were 103 patients chosen by incidental sampling. Data collection about knowledge was obtained through questionnaires containing 13 questions, while one about belief used a questionnaire containing 30 valid and reliable questions. Adherence was measured by the pill count method. The relationship between knowledge and belief to adherence was analyzed using logistic regression test. The relationship between demography and adherence was analyzed using Spearman correlation test with α = 0.05. The result of this research shows that most patients had sufficient knowledge (57,2%), sufficient belief (69,9%) and adherence (55,3%). There was a significant relationship between knowledge with adherence in the use of antibiotics (p = 0.011) and a significant relationship between belief and adherence in the use of antibiotics (p = 0.046). In terms of belief, perceived benefits have a significant effect on adherence. The conclusions of this study is that there is a relationship between knowledge and belief with adherence in the use of antibiotics and in accordance with health belief model (HBM) theory.
Factors Affecting Pharmaceutical Care Implementation by Community Pharmacist: A Discrete Choice Experiment
Authors: Sholihat Nia Kurnia , Suryoputri Masita Wulandari , Martinus Ade
Published: February 2019

Even though pharmaceutical care has been proven increasing patients’ quality of life, pharmacists still have barriers to implement it. Our study aims to examine factors affecting pharmacists in the community to implement pharmaceutical care using a Discrete Choice Experiment (DCE). The study was a cross-sectional study. A structured DCE questionnaire was administered to 90 community pharmacists in Banyumas district, Indonesia. Respondents were chosen using a simple random sampling method. According to the literature review and expert opinions, the following six attributes were selected: pharmacists’ confidence; willingness to implement pharmaceutical care; communication skill; knowledge and professional skill; availability of time; and availability of space in pharmacy. Eighteen choice sets were developed. Each choice sets comprised of two scenarios. Respondents were asked to choose the scenario they preferred the most. Data were analyzed using multinomial logit model. Of 90 questionnaires distributed, 67 were analyzed. Based on multinomial logit, all attributes had a significant effect on pharmacists’ preferences to implement pharmaceutical care. The findings suggested that pharmacist association should train their member to increase professional skills, as well as the management of pharmacy should provide enough space to perform pharmaceutical care.
Correlation Between Total Flavonoid Contents and Macrophage Phagocytosis Activity of Fractions From Faloak (Sterculia quadrifida R.Br.) Barks Ethanolic Extract In Vitro
Authors: Munawaroh Rima , Siswadi Siswadi , Setyowati Erna Prawita , Murwanti Retno , Hertiani Triana
Published: February 2019

On Timor island, Nusa Tenggara Timur, faloak barks (Sterculia quadrifida R.Br.) has been used empirically to restore stamina. Faloak bark ethanolic extract proved to have immunomodulatory activity in vitro, which can increase macrophage phagocytosis activity. This research aimed: (i) to determine the immunomodulatory active fraction of faloak bark ethanolic extract, (ii) to determine the total flavonoid contents of faloak extract and fractions, and (iii) to evaluate the correlation of the total flavonoid contents of those extract and fractions with their macrophage phagocytosis activity. The simplisia powder is macerated with 96% ethanol. The extract was dissolved in methanol:water (9:1v/v) was then subsequently partitioned with n-hexane, ethyl acetate, and water to obtain n-hexane fraction, ethyl acetate fraction, water fraction, and insoluble fraction. Faloak extract and fractions at concentration 62,5; 125; 250; 500μg/mL were tested for their effect on the peritoneal macrophage phagocytosis of Balb/c mice in vitro by the latex beads method. Phagocytosis capacity and phagocytosis index were analyzed using one-way anova and post hoc Tukey HSD test with 95% confidence level. The results showed that ethyl acetate fraction had the highest macrophage phagocytosis capacity and the highest total flavonoid content compared to other fractions. The highest macrophage phagocytosis capacity of ethyl acetate fraction at concentration of 250 μg/mL was 51,94±4,67%, this value was significantly different from cell control (7,50±1,29%), negative controls of 0,0625% dimethylsulphoxide (6,25±0,36%), as well as positive control of 200 μg/mL echinaceae extract syrup® (9,97±0,33%). The total flavonoid content of ethyl acetate fraction determined by aluminum chloride method was 4,290±0.029 mg of quercetin equivalent/g fraction. There was a positive and strong correlation between the total flavonoid content of these extract and fractions with their macrophage phagocytosis capacity (Pearson correlation coefficient of 0,781) and showing linear relationship y=4,721x+19,663; R2=0,61.
The Effect of Pegagan (Centella Asiatica (L.) Urban) Ethanol Extracts on Hippocampal PSD-95 Protein Expression in Male Wistar Rats
Authors: Ferhad Adibah , Suri Auliyani Andam , Handayani Astri , Redjeki Sri , Kodariah Ria
Published: February 2019

One effort to overcome the decline in memory function is through herbal medicine. Pegagan (Centella asiatica (L.) Urban) contain the active components of triterpenoid and flavonoids, has been known to be able to improve memory function. Synaptic plasticity is the basis of memory formation which is strongly influenced by synapse proteins such as PSD-95. Loss of PSD-95 protein can cause memory function decline. This study aims to determine the effect of 70% ethanol extract of pegagan toward PSD-95 protein expression on hippocampus of male Wistar rat. Eighteen male Wistar rats were randomly divided into 3 groups, 6 rats/group: group (1) given ethanol extract of pegagan with dose 300 mg / kgBW / day (CA300), (2) given ethanol extract of pegagan with dose 600 mg / kgBW / day (CA600), and (3) control group (K), given daily aquadest. All three groups were treated for 28 consecutive days. At the end of the treatment period, rats were decapitated and the hippocampus was isolated from the brain. Analysis of protein was done by immunohistochemical method. Statistical analysis was performed by One Way ANOVA parametric test followed by Post-Hoc Bonferroni. The results showed that there was no significant difference between group K and group CA300 (P = 0.123), whereas there were significant differences between CA600 group and K group and CA300 group (P = 0.000). From this research, it can be concluded that 70% ethanol extract of pegagan with dose 600mg / kgBW / day can increase expression of PSD-95 protein on hippocampus of male Wistar rat.
Optimization Formula Tablet Extract of Bengkuang (Pachyrrhizus erosus) Variation Avicel® Ph 101 and Crospovidone
Authors: Kharisma Rizki , Sari Ika Puspita , Bestari Angi Nadya
Published: February 2019

Bengkuang (Pachyrrhizus erosus) contains daidzein which is pro-estrogenic compound, suppressing bone restoration by directing mechanism in bone estrogen receptor. Bengkuang can be developed into a useful source of phytoestrogens as a supplement in menopausal women. This study aims to determine the stability and influence of Avicel® PH 101 and crospovidone on granular flow properties and physical properties of Bengkuang tuber extract. Bengkuang tuber extracts were made into tablet preparations by wet granulation method. Variation of crospovidone composition was between 2-5%, while Avicel® PH 101 was between 38.86 to 41.86%. The tablet formulation is optimized using the Simplex Lattice Design method. The results show that the addition of Avicel® PH 101 can improve the index of determination, water absorption, moisture content, hardness, time of disintegration, and friability of the tablet, as well as crospovidone addition. Avicel® PH 101 and crospovidone interactions increase water content, decrease hardness, and tablet friability. The optimum tablet formula consists of composition of 293 mg of Avicel® PH 101 and 14 mg of crospovidone per tablet. Testing of optimum formula results with SLD method did not differ significantly to the response of the compression index, hardness and friability of the tablet. The tablet was stable at room temperature (30ºC ± 2 ºC) for four weeks.
Antifibrotic Effect of Ethanolic Extract of Nerium indicum Mill. Standardized 5α-Oleandrin on Keloid Fibroblasts Cells
Authors: Wahyuningsih Mae Sri Hartati , Yuliani Fara Silvia , Rahmawati Dwiki Yuliya , Pratiwi Annisa Nurul
Published: February 2019

Keloid is a skin lesion caused by an abnormal proliferation of fibroblasts and the deposition of collagen in the wound healing process. Therapy for keloids is relatively limited and mostly has side effects. Recent studies show that 5α-oleandrin from N. indicum Mill. (N. indicum) has anti-keloid effect by inhibiting (proliferation, migration activity and TGF-β1 expression) keloid fibroblast. Further studies with N. indicum extract standardized 5α-oleandrin should be conducted to develop it as an anti-keloid agent by performing at proliferative effects, collagen accumulation, and keloid fibroblast migration. The antifibrotic activity of N. indicum extract on the proliferation of keloid fibroblasts was measured by MTT assay, whereas collagen deposits were observed by Sirius Red method. Observation of keloid fibroblast migration by scratch assay is according to Liang et al. (2009). Ethanol extract of N. indicum standardized 5α-oleandrin can inhibit the proliferation of keloid fibroblas with IC50 0.458 μg/mL, also inhibited collagen deposits with IC50 0.055 μg/mL at incubation for 72 hours. In incubation 48 hours after treatment with ethanol extract of 1.0 μg/mL occurred inhibition of migration significantly compared with control.
Yoghurt Fortified Formulation of Lakum Fruit (Cayratia trifolia (L.) Domin) Extract as an Antioxidant
Authors: Puspita Weni , Nurkhasanah Nurkhasanah , Kumalasari Ika Dyah
Published: February 2019

Lakum (Cayratia trifolia (L.) Domin) contains a lot of anthocyanin. Anthocyanin in Lakum fruit has a high stability if stored at low temperatures, acidic conditions, and without light. The acidic product such as yogurt can provide an optimum condition for anthocyanin stability and antioxidant activity. The purpose of this study was to optimize yogurt formulation fortified by lakum fruit extract as an antioxidant according to the requirements of the Indonesian National Standard (SNI). Lakum fruit extract was formulated in yogurt with various concentrations at 0%, 5%, 7.5% and 10%. Evaluations were carried out including tests of physical, chemical and microbiological properties and anthocyanin test and antioxidant of yogurt. The results showed that the yogurt formula fortified lakum fruit extract at 7.5% concentration resulted highest anthocyanin stability and antioxidant activity that fulfilled SNI requirements and the preferred level of respondents' preference with anthocyanin levels of 53.35±1.04 mg/L, antioxidant activity 69.15±0.24%, t90 7.97 days, total of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) 48.2x107 colony/gram, fat 3.72±0.03%, pH 3.87±0.03, total acid 0.83±0.06%, viscosity 639.07±2.06 cP, protein of 4.90±0.11%, hedonic test, 6.88 (like), and organoleptic purple (5), the distinctive aroma of lakum fruit (4.95), sour taste (4.85), fine texture (4.9) and slightly liquid viscosity (4.85).
Optimization of Water Fraction Gel Formula of Binahong Leaf (Anredera cordifolia (Ten.) Steen) With Gelling Agent of Sodium Alginate and Carboxymethyl Chitosan Combination
Authors: Edityaningrum Citra Ariani , Kintoko Kintoko , Zulien Feby , Widiyastuti Lina
Published: February 2019

Water fraction of binahong (Anredera cordifolia (Ten.) Steen)  leaf has been proven to heal ulcus diabetic. In order to make the use easier and more practical, in this study the water fraction of binahong leaves is formulated in gel preparation form. This study was conducted to obtain a comparison of the amount of sodium alginate and carboxymethyl chitosan as gelling agent to produce gel that meets the good physical requirements. The method used to determine the amount of comparison of sodium alginate and carboxymethyl chitosan is to use Simplex Lattice Design (SLD). Eight variations of gel formula are designed with the ratio of sodium alginate:  carboxymethyl chitosan as follows: F1 (0:3% w/w), F2 (0:3% w/w), F3 (0.75:2.25% w/w), F4 (1.5:1.5 % w/w), F5 (1.5:1.5% w/w), F6 (2.25:0.75% w/w), F7 (3:0% w/w), F8 (3:0% w/w). Physical parameters observed included pH, viscosity, dispersion, and adherence. Data obtained compared with the actual conducted by researchers using one sample test t-test with 95% confidence level. Based on the results of the study, increased sodium alginate concentration can increase viscosity and adhesiveness and decrease the pH and spreadability of the gel. One sample t-test analysis shows that there is no significant difference between predicted parameter value and actual result so SLD equation can be used to construct gel formula of water fraction of binahong leaf. The conclusion is a combination of sodium alginate 1.546% w/w and carboxymethyl chitosan 1.454% w/w yield gel optimum. Physical parameter response of optimum formula is pH 5.86; viscosity 2000 cps; spreadability of 21,96 cm2; and adhesiveness of 19,81 seconds.
Effect of Leaf Syzygium aromaticum on Lymphocytes and Macrophages Mice Balb/c
Authors: Wael Syahran , Watuguly Theopilus Wilhelmus , Wahyudi Didik
Published: February 2019

Syzygium aromaticum as an immunomodulator contains main active compound eugenol which is able to stimulate lymphocyte proliferation and the production of macrophages. Lymphocytes have a very important role to provide protection in the body against infection. This study aims to prove the effects of extract Syzygium aromaticum leaf against increased proliferation of lymphocytes, lymphoblast and macrophages of mice Balb/c of induced Salmonella typhimurium. The method used in this study was experimental with post test only control group. Mice Balb/c were divided into 4 groups as a control group and treatment induced of Salmonella typhimurium. The first treatment group were administrated extracts of 15mg /kgbw, the second treatment 75mg/kgbw, the third treatment of 150mg/kgbw for 12days. ANOVA test showed a significant difference in lymphocyte proliferation but not lymphoblast and macrophages.
Optimized Entanglement Purification
Authors: Krastanov Stefan , Albert Victor V. , Jiang Liang
Published: February 2019

We investigate novel protocols for entanglement purification of qubit Bell pairs. Employing genetic algorithms for the design of the purification circuit, we obtain shorter circuits achieving higher success rates and better final fidelities than what is currently available in the literature. We provide a software tool for analytical and numerical study of the generated purification circuits, under customizable error models. These new purification protocols pave the way to practical implementations of modular quantum computers and quantum repeaters. Our approach is particularly attentive to the effects of finite resources and imperfect local operations - phenomena neglected in the usual asymptotic approach to the problem. The choice of the building blocks permitted in the construction of the circuits is based on a thorough enumeration of the local Clifford operations that act as permutations on the basis of Bell states.
MELHORIA DA EFICIÊNCIA ENERGÉTICA NO PROCESSO DE ROTOMOLDAGEM EM UMA EMPRESA
Authors: Bertoldi Everton , Bertoldi Evandro
Published: February 2019

Este estudo tem como objetivo melhorar a eficiência energética de um processo produtivo de rotomoldagem, otimizando o consumo de energia elétrica e gás liquefeito de petróleo (GLP), e mantendo a qualidade dos produtos produzidos. Foi desenvolvida uma investigação prática para acompanhar e entender o processo produtivo, e com base no referencial teórico, foi proposto ações para que o objetivo pudesse ser alcançado. As ações auxiliaram na definição dos parâmetros do processo, enfatizando o tempo de forno, identificado como principal causa dos problemas de peças não conformes. A partir da análise dos resultados referentes à peça estudada, observou-se que do total de 192.000 peças produzidas no período de um ano, 1,2%, ou seja, 2.304 peças não puderam ser aproveitadas, pois não estavam em conformidade. Além disso, das 2.304 peças não conformes, 67%, ou 1.544 peças, apresentaram problemas de imperfeições devido à falta de tempo no forno. A partir dos problemas com o processo de forno, foi possível comparar os custos consumidos em relação aos programados. Considerando a soma do custo do processo das peças não conformes (energia elétrica e GLP), o polietileno desperdiçado, o custo envolvido na trituração do polietileno desperdiçado, o custo do novo processo das peças a fim de atender ao pedido, e o polietileno para este novo processo, chegou-se ao custo total consumido. Desta forma, observou-se um desperdício de 39% nos custos de fabricação gastos devido aos problemas evidenciados no processo de forno. Através dos resultados obtidos, concluiu-se que a eficientização energética de um processo produtivo não necessariamente precisa de altos investimentos. E além dos fatores econômicos, o estudo permitiu a realização de ajustes no procedimento interno dos setores da empresa envolvidos no processo produtivo.
ELABORAÇÃO DE PÓRTICO DE CONCRETO ARMADO AO CONCURSO APARATO DE PROTEÇÃO AO OVO
Authors: Trevisol Loss Gabriela , Valduga Marina , Diehl Roberta , Poleto Zanon Willian
Published: February 2019

O presente artigo relata a construção de um pórtico espacial de concreto armado, com dimensões definidas e volume limitado, cujo nome é Aparato de Proteção ao Ovo (APO), sendo parametrizado segundo as normas e técnicas estabelecidas pelo concurso de mesmo nome, promovido pelo Instituto Brasileiro

do Concreto (IBRACON). O pórtico foi desenvolvido com o intuito de suportar o maior número de cargas possíveis, além de apresentar uma baixa deformação. Para sua confecção foi utilizado o cimento CP V ARI, sílica ativa, areia fina, aditivo superplastificante e microfibra de polipropileno. Além da confecção do pórtico, foram moldados dois corpos de prova, para posteriormente conhecer suas resistências através do ensaio de compressão. A estrutura construída passou pelo ensaio de carregamento dinâmico com cargas crescentes de impacto, até a sua ruptura, resistindo a golpes de até 2,0 metros de altura, com uma carga de 15kg. Os dois corpos de prova realizados e rompidos no mesmo dia do APO obtiveram as resistências de 49,28 MPa e 75,61 MPa.
CONCEPÇÃO DA ESTRUTURA DO APARATO DE PROTEÇÃO AO OVO (APO), CONFORME A COMPETIÇÃO DO IBRACON
Authors: Inéia Adriano , Salvi Chanalisa Ruggini , Revoredo Amanda , Sfoglia André Luis
Published: February 2019

O presente estudo apresenta uma concepção do pórtico desenvolvido para competição do 11º CCTEC da Universidade do Vale do Taquari UNIVATES. O principal objetivo do artigo consistiu em colocar em prática os conceitos internalizados durante a disciplina de Estruturas de Concreto Armado II, a fim de obter êxito no preparo, execução e ensaio do APO. Nessa perspectiva, tendo como plano de fundo, a submissão de um caso real de responsabilidade da profissão de engenheiro civil. No que se refere ao projeto experimental, o Aparato de Proteção ao Ovo foi desenvolvido seguindo rigorosamente as normas do IBRACON (Instituto Brasileiro de Concreto), posteriormente submetendo o pórtico ao ensaio de compressão e carregamento dinâmico, na qual a cada golpe recebe-se um acréscimo de carga até a sua ruína. Para validação do estudo todo o comportamento desde o projeto, execução até as causas da ruptura foram analisados, tendo como fundamento o de melhorar o protótipo para torna-lo mais competitivo para um futuro trabalho ou estudo.
PROPOSTAS METODOLÓGICAS PARA ENQUADRAMENTO DE RECURSOS HÍDRICOS: ESTUDO DE CASO DE UMA ANÁLISE DISTINTA PARA O ENQUADRAMENTO DE CORPOS HÍDRICOS URBANOS
Authors: Skovronski Vrandrieli Jucieli , Francieski Adriana Paula , Bender Saraiane Eluise , Fuzinatto Cristiane Funghetto
Published: February 2019

As propostas metodológicas para os corpos hídricos e seus respectivos enquadramentos são determinadas pelo nível de qualidade da água e para os usos em que o corpo hídrico será destinado. O embasamento para o enquadramento é realizado a partir de Resoluções e Leis de âmbito ambiental, visando aplicar instrumentos de gestão e planejamento dos corpos hídricos levando-se em consideração os aspectos qualitativos, quantitativos e outros que afetem os recursos hídricos. O processo de enquadramento dos recursos hídricos, e em especial as consultas públicas possibilitam uma proximidade entre o sistema de gestão dos recursos hídricos e a população da bacia, pois através destas podem ser modificadas, com base nos usos preponderantes de água para cada trecho dos corpos hídricos da bacia, por isso da necessidade de divulgação, além de abrir espaços para discussões com a sociedade a respeito de questões ambientais. A discussão do processo do enquadramento dos recursos hídricos deve proporcionar o exercício da representatividade e contribuir para o fortalecimento do Comitê de Bacia, no seu papel de gestor das águas. Sendo assim, é necessário que se reflita e se aprofunde as metodologias participativas, para que a participação pública no processo de enquadramento seja satisfatória.
MOBILIDADE URBANA SUSTENTÁVEL ESTUDO DE CASO NO MUNICÍPIO DE TEUTÔNIA
Authors: Stahlhöfer Juliane Elisa , Heck Marcelo Arioli
Published: February 2019

O trabalho tem como tema um estudo sobre as características da mobilidade urbana sustentável nas cidades, realizando um estudo de caso no município de Teutônia. Através de pesquisas gerais sobre a cidade, é elaborado um diagnóstico do local, assim como também, são estudadas as propostas do Plano de Mobilidade Urbana para o município. A partir da comparação dos conceitos estudados sobre urbanismo sustentável, densidades, vias permeáveis, usos do solo, distribuição de equipamentos urbanos e espaços abertos pela cidade com os problemas encontrados no município de Teutônia em relação a mobilidade urbana, são elaboradas estratégias para resolver a dificuldades deste sistema no município. Como resultado dos estudos, conclui-se que para aprimorar a sustentabilidade é necessário um centro urbano com espaços de convivência e facilidade de acessos, tornando mais próximos a moradia, o trabalho e o lazer, facilitando as possibilidades de deslocamento dos pedestres. Para tanto, é importante aprimorar a mobilidade urbana, integrando esta ao planejamento urbano.
OLHARES SOBRE A EXTENSÃO UNIVERSITÁRIA: PERCEPÇÕES DOS BOLSISTAS DO PROJETO REDES INTERDISCIPLINARES
Authors: Gonzatti Sônia Elisa Marchi , Da Silva Alessandro Avila , Chemin Augusto Pretto , Lazzari Uélinton Medeiros , De Maman Andréia Spessatto , Bergmann Adriana Belmonte , Magedanz Adriana , Herber Jane
Published: February 2019

No contexto contemporâneo, a extensão universitária é compreendida como um espaço diferenciado de aprendizagens e tem papel estratégico na missão educadora das universidades. Por meio da interação dialógica e da inserção em diferentes contextos socioculturais, vem produzindo impactos relevantes no que diz respeito à transformação e desenvolvimento social. Neste estudo, são apresentadas as potenciais contribuições da extensão para a formação dos estudantes universitários e seus impactos sociais, a partir da percepção de estudantes bolsistas de um projeto de extensão universitária da Univates com ênfase na divulgação e educação científicas. A recolha de dados ocorreu por meio de questionário on-line, respondido pelos bolsistas do projeto Redes Interdisciplinares: desvendando as Ciências Exatas e Tecnológicas. Foram analisadas três questões, as quais envolviam as percepções dos bolsistas sobre o projeto e também acerca da extensão universitária. Quanto à abordagem de pesquisa, trata-se de uma pesquisa qualitativa. A partir da análise do material, é possível perceber que a avaliação dos respondentes acerca dos impactos da extensão é positiva. No que se refere à formação, destacam uma série de vivências que contribuem a expansão da formação acadêmica e também para a ampliação da visão de mundo, pois a extensão oportuniza vivências de sensibilização, solidariedade e alteridade. Em relação aos impactos sociais, a percepção é de que a extensão oportuniza maior integração entre universidade e comunidade, contribuindo para a construção de uma sociedade melhor por meio da interação dialógica entre diferentes sujeitos e da troca de saberes. Por último, há um olhar de reconhecimento e oportunidade de vivências diferenciadas em relação ao projeto Redes, com destaque para as experiências pedagógicas e para a interação com diferentes contextos escolares.