bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
PENINGKATAN KEMAMPUAN GURU DALAM MEMBUAT RENCANA PELAKSANAAN PEMBELAJARAN (RPP) TEMATIK 1 HALAMAN MELALUI WORKSHOP DARING DENGAN VARIASI MODEL JIGSAW DI UNIT PELAKSANA TEKNIS DAERAH (UPTD) SEKOLAH DASAR (SD) NEGERI GENTENG 2 BANGKALAN
Authors: Arifin Zainal
Published: July 2021

This research is a school action research with the main instrument being the task of making 1-page thematic lesson plans. There are 2 coaching cycles and the results of the study show that the teacher's ability to make 1-page thematic lesson plans can be improved through online workshops with variations of the jigsaw model. This is evidenced in the implementation of school action research which consists of 2 cycles showing an increase from cycle I to cycle II based on the results of assignments carried out in making thematic lesson plans, namely from 7 teachers there are 3 teachers or 42.86% in the low category, every 2 teachers or 28.57% in the medium and high categories. After the second cycle was carried out, the data obtained from the teacher's ability to make 1-page thematic lesson plans as follows that there were no teachers in the low category, 1 teacher or 14.28% in the medium category, and 6 teachers or 85.71% in the high category, therefore the cycle was stopped, because it has reached the expected success indicator, which is more than 75% in the high category. Teachers should continue to improve their competence in making 1-page Thematic lesson plan.
STRATEGI KEPALA SEKOLAH DALAM MEWUJUDKAN LEMBAGA PENDIDIKAN YANG UNGGUL DI PAUD AL-MUNAWAROH PAMEKASAN
Authors: Norhayati Siti , Usman Jamiludin
Published: July 2021

The main discussion in this study is the strategy of the PAUD head in realizing superior PAUD, the social capital owned by the school, and the inhibiting factors for the principal in realizing superior PAUD in PAUD Al-Munawwarah Pamekasan. This research uses a case study design with a qualitative approach. The results of the study indicate that the principal's strategy in realizing superior PAUD is that a principal must have a clear vision and mission, and a principal is friendly to teachers, parents, and also to students. In addition, a school principal must provide a good service to his guests. Institutions must have social capital by establishing a good relationship with the community around the institution or the outside community and collaborating with several agencies, as well as providing a good service to guests. The inhibiting factor is from the personal head who must know the character of all teachers and must also balance the guardians of students well, and the guardians of students do not agree with the school program.
ANALISIS GAYA KEPEMIMPINAN KHARISMATIK DALAM MEMELIHARA NILAI-NILAI TRADISI KEPESANTRENAN TRADISIONAL DI PONDOK PESANTREN NURUL HUDA KAMUNDUNG SAMPANG
Authors: Hasanah Risalatul , Kosim Mohammad
Published: July 2021

This study examines the charismatic leadership style at the Pondok Pesantren Nurul Huda Kamundung Omben Sampang. This study uses a qualitative approach with the type of field research. Sources of data were obtained using interviews, observation, and documentation. The results show that: first, the application of a charismatic leadership style in maintaining traditional pesantren traditional values ​​still maintains the salaf Islamic boarding school which still maintains the teachings of previous scholars whose teaching uses the yellow book using the sorogan and wetonan teaching methods. And its management does not ask for funds from the government but asks for donations from students, asking for donations from the community to meet the needs of Islamic boarding schools. Second, the way to maintain traditional values ​​in charismatic leadership in Islamic boarding schools is by maintaining the traditions of salaf Islamic boarding schools, meaning that the salaf is still following the teachings of the scholars, namely reciting the yellow book, praying in congregation, learning to read the Qur'an, khidmah, and seek the approval of the teacher, and the method used is deliberation.
PENINGKATAN KEMAMPUAN GURU DALAM PENGGUNAAN TEKNOLOGI INFORMASI DAN KOMUNIKASI (TIK) UNTUK PEMBELAJARAN DARING MELALUI WORKSHOP DI UPTD SDN AENGSAREH 1 KECAMATAN SAMPANG KABUPATEN SAMPANG
Authors: Nizar Moh.
Published: July 2021

The Covid-19 pandemic requires online learning through various information technology-based media. The fact is that not all teachers at UPTD SDN Aengsareh 1 Sampang District can use it. Therefore, the implementation of this school action research aims to solve these problems. The results showed that the workshop activities could improve the ICT skills of teachers in online learning at UPTD SDN Aengsareh 1 Sampang District. This is evidenced in the implementation of school action research consisting of 2 cycles showing in the first cycle after the workshop the test results obtained are 1 out of 9 teachers or 11.11% in the low category, 5 out of 9 teachers or 55.56 in the medium category, and 3 teachers or 33.33% categorized as high. This situation must be continued in cycle II, because it has not reached the expected success indicator, which is 70% in the high category. After the second cycle was carried out, the following data were obtained: From 9 teachers there were 0 teachers or 0% in the low category, 2 teachers or 22.22% in the medium category, and 7 teachers or 77.78% in the high category. Therefore, the cycle was stopped, because it had reached the expected success indicator, which was 70% in the high category. This shows that the workshop can improve the ability of teachers in mastering ICT for online learning.
Notas preliminares sobre o arquivamento digital da Covid-19
Authors: Marino Ian Kisil
Published: July 2021

O isolamento social provocado pela pandemia da Covid-19 acelerou a presença das mídias digitais no cotidiano, em escala global. Tentando reagir ao inesperado e trágico evento provocado pelo novo coronavírus, surgiram diversas iniciativas de arquivamento digital, registrando as experiências vividas durante a pandemia. Esses projetos encamparam técnicas e preceitos que já existiam. Entretanto, pela primeira vez, um único evento disruptivo impulsionou iniciativas semelhantes por todo o mundo. Compreender os problemas teóricos decorrentes do arquivamento digital é um desafio ao qual a historiografia deve conseguir responder. Este artigo defende que os arquivos digitais da pandemia da Covid-19 apresentam-se como uma oportunidade ideal para que esses problemas sejam observados em escala comparativa e global. Discutindo a dimensão teórica da categoria “arquivo digital” e observando uma amostra de arquivos da pandemia pelo mundo, oferecem-se apontamentos introdutórios sobre essa questão, sugerindo caminhos de pesquisa para humanistas interessados no assunto.
A trajetória da água
Authors: Schmidt Augusto Frederico Junqueira , Ojima Ricardo
Published: July 2021

Os desafios em equacionar a demanda por água para seus diversos usos vem sendo cada vez mais recorrentes, e colocam a pressão das atividades econômicas e o crescimento populacional sobre os recursos naturais ao centro do debate. Este artigo busca sintetizar parte da pesquisa sobre a dinâmica demográfica relacionada aos recursos hídricos dentro da ampla produção acadêmica de Daniel Hogan no campo de População e Ambiente (P-A). Para tal foram analisados dez artigos que tratam da relação entre água e demografia extraindo os principais temas abordados nestes textos. Na primeira parte discutem-se alguns argumentos críticos a abordagens malthusianas no seu pensamento para, num segundo momento, trazer à tona as relações entre os padrões de distribuição populacional e o uso dos recursos hídricos, um dos aspectos centrais apontados por Hogan. São elencadas algumas conexões entre a disponibilidade de água e os serviços de saneamento no marco dos processos de mobilidade espacial da população. A terceira parte aborda os avanços metodológicos no decorrer da década de 1990 que abrem possibilidades para construção de diferentes recortes espaciais na análise de dados populacionais e ambientais. Assim, o recorte de bacias hidrográficas constituiu-se um importante marco, pois possibilitou a articulação entre escalas, integrando processos demográficos, sociais e ambientas. Por fim, destaca-se a produção de Hogan como um legado acadêmico que estabelece parcerias institucionais importantes para estudos sobre água no âmbito da P-A no Brasil e quais questões têm sido trabalhadas na área de 2010 até 2021.
Japanese Honeybees (Apis Cerana Japonica Radoszkowski, 1877) May Be Resilient to Land Use Change
Authors: Donkersley Philip , Covell Lucy , Ota Takahiro
Published: July 2021

Pollinators are being threatened globally by urbanisation and agricultural intensification, driv-en by a growing human population. Understanding these impacts on landscapes and pollinators is critical to ensuring a robust pollination system. Remote sensing data on land use attributes have previously linked honeybee nutrition to land use in the Western Honeybee (Apis mellifera L.). Here, we instead focus on the less commonly studied Apis cerana japonica – the Japanese Honeybee. Our study presents preliminary data comparing forage (honey and pollen) with land use across a rural-urban gradient from 22 sites in Kyushu, southern Japan. Honey samples were collected from hives between June 2018 and August 2019. Pollen were collected and biotyped from hives in urban and rural locations (n = 4). Previous studies of honey show substantial vari-ation in monosaccharide content. Our analysis of A. cerana japonica honey found very little varia-tion in glucose and fructose (which accounted for 97% of monosaccharides), despite substantial differences in surrounding forage composition. As expected, we observed temporal variation in pollen foraged by A. cerana japonica, likely dependent on flowering phenology. These prelimi-nary results suggest that the forage and nutrition of A. cerana japonica may not be negatively af-fected by urban land use. This highlights the need for further comparative studies between A. cerana japonica and A. mellifera as it could suggest a resilience in pollinators foraging in their na-tive range.
Ethics of Digital Animal Farming
Authors: Neethirajan Suresh
Published: July 2021

The demand for animal products is expected to continue to rise, which requires the development of efficient livestock farming systems. Environmental, societal and economic concerns regarding this industry are however accumulating, addressing the large resource demand, pollutants and greenhouse gas emissions and health concerns that the livestock industry is responsible for. Precision livestock farming systems allow the continuous automatic monitoring of various physiological, behavioural and phenotypic parameters of animals in order to increase productivity and animal welfare while controlling and minimizing the environmental impact. There is a high potential for digital farming to be the solution for responsibly and ethically feeding the growing and urbanizing population. However, many problems and concerns are still present in this developing industry and remain relatively unaddressed, starting with the ethical aspects in regard to the animal, including its objectification, human-animal relationships and welfare and ending with the societal implications of this digitalization. Concrete frameworks, inter-disciplinary studies and global legislation need to be put in place in order to ensure the safety and protection of the animals, farmer and society. Here, implications of digital farming for the animals, farmers, society and the planet are critically reviewed with the future outlook of digital farms.
Nonlinear Elastic Deformation of Mindlin Torus
Authors: Sun Bohua
Published: July 2021

The nonlinear deformation and stress analysis of a circular torus is a difficult undertaking due to its complicated topology and the variation of the Gauss curvature. A nonlinear deformation (only one term in strain is omitted) of Mindlin torus was formulated in terms of the generalized displacement, and a general Maple code was written for numerical simulations. Numerical investigations show that the results obtained by nonlinear Mindlin, linear Mindlin, nonlinear Kirchhoff-Love, and linear Kirchhoff-Love models are close to each other. The study further reveals that the linear Kirchhoff-Love modeling of the circular torus gives good accuracy and provides assurance that the nonlinear deformation and stress analysis (not dynamics) of a Mindlin torus can be replaced by a simpler formulation, such as a linear Kirchhoff-Love theory of the torus, which has not been reported in the literature.
Time Optimal Control for Semilinear Stochastic Functional Differential Equations With Delays
Authors: Kang Yong Han , Jeong Jin-Mun
Published: July 2021

The purpose of this paper is to find the time optimal control to a target set for semilinear stochastic functional differential equations involving time delays or memories under general conditions on a target set and nonlinear terms even though the equations contain unbounded principal operators. Our research approach is construct a fundamental solution for corresponding linear systems and establish variations of constant formula of solutions for given stochastic equations. The existence result of time optimal controls for one point target set governed by the given semilinear stochastic equation is also established.
Positive Impact on the Environment of an Outdoor Sport
Authors: Farran Inmaculada , Silvente Pilar
Published: July 2021

Abstract: The concept of sustainability applied to sports activities means ensuring that the economic benefits brought about by their development are not obtained at the expense of causing ecological damage or interference in local cultural habits. A cable-ski is a nautical ski system whereby a motorboat is substituted by a cable traction system powered by an electric motor. The effect on the quality of the water in those places that can boast cable-ski facilities has been described in cold freshwater lakes. Objective: Our purpose was to study the evolution of water quality in a ten-year period after the installation of a cable-ski facility in a warm, salted, semi-stagnant pond. Material and Method: Review of the data gathered from the routine test carried out by the Laboratory of the Council of Alcúdia from 2010 to 2019 Results: The levels of dissolved oxygen have increased, being significantly higher in the period 2016 – 2019 than in that of 2010 – 2015. The turbidity of the water has also seen a reduction in the second period with respect to the first. Conclusion: It seems that cable-ski improves the quality of water even warm, high-conductivity, semi-stagnant conditions
Microfluidic Surgery in Single Cells and Multicellular Systems
Authors: Zhang Kevin , Nadkarni Ambika , Paul Rajorshi , Martin Adrian , Tang Sindy
Published: July 2021

Microscale surgery on single cells and small organisms have enabled major advances in fundamental biology and in engineering biological systems. Examples of applications range from wound healing and regeneration studies to the generation of hybridoma to produce monoclonal antibodies. Even today, these surgical operations are often performed manually, but they are labor-intensive and lack reproducibility. Microfluidics has emerged as a powerful technology to control and manipulate cells and multicellular systems at the micro- and nanoscale with high precision. Here, we review the physical and chemical mechanisms of microscale surgery, and the corresponding design principles, applications, and implementations in microfluidic systems. We consider four types of surgical operations: 1) Sectioning, which splits a biological entity into multiple parts, 2) ablation, which destroys part of an entity, 3) biopsy, which extracts materials from within a living cell, and 4) fusion, which joins multiple entities into one. For each type of surgery, we summarize the motivating applications and the microfluidic devices developed. Throughout the review, we highlight existing challenges and opportunities. We hope that this review will inspire scientists and engineers to continue to explore and improve microfluidic surgical methods.
Effects of MicroRNAs in Valvular Heart Diseases: From Molecular Pathways to Clinical Effects and Therapeutical Strategies
Authors: Nappi Francesco , Iervolino Adelaide , Avtaar Singh Sanjeet Singh , Chello Massimo
Published: July 2021

Micro-RNAs have been recently investigated in preclinical and clinical research as regulators of valvulopathies pathogenesis, diagnostic biomarkers and therapeutical targets. Evidences from in-vivo and in-vitro studies demonstrated stimulatory or inhibitory roles in mitral valve prolapse, aortic leaflet fusion and calcification pathways, specifically osteoblastic differentiation and transcription factors modulation. Tissue expression assessment and comparison between physiological and pathological phenotypes or different disease entities, including mitral valve prolapse and mitral chordae tendineae rupture, emerged as the best strategies to address mi-RNAs over or under-representation. In this review we discuss the fundamental intracellular homeostatic and cardiogenetic pathways regulated by mi-RNAs leading to defects in mitral and aortic valves, congenital heart diseases and the possible therapeutical strategies targeting them. Mi-RNAs inhibitors comprise antisense oligonucleotides and sponge vectors while mi-RNA mimics, mi-RNA expression vectors and small molecules are possible practical strategies to increase their activity. Advantages and technical limitations, including instability and complex pharmacokinetics are also presented.
Novel strategies, such as nanoparticles and liposomes, are conclusively described to improve knowledge on these molecules delivery and establish future personalized treatment directions.
GLIB: Towards Automated Test Oracle for Graphically-Rich Applications
Authors: Chen Ke , Li Yufei , Chen Yingfeng , Fan Changjie , Hu Zhipeng , Yang Wei
Published: July 2021

Graphically-rich applications such as games are ubiquitous with attractive visual effects of Graphical User Interface (GUI) that offers a bridge between software applications and end-users. However, various types of graphical glitches may arise from such GUI complexity and have become one of the main component of software compatibility issues. Our study on bug reports from game development teams in NetEase Inc. indicates that graphical glitches frequently occur during the GUI rendering and severely degrade the quality of graphically-rich applications such as video games. Existing automated testing techniques for such applications focus mainly on generating various GUI test sequences and check whether the test sequences can cause crashes. These techniques require constant human attention to captures non-crashing bugs such as bugs causing graphical glitches. In this paper, we present the first step in automating the test oracle for detecting non-crashing bugs in graphically-rich applications. Specifically, we propose GLIB based on a code-based data augmentation technique to detect game GUI glitches. We perform an evaluation of GLIB on 20 real-world game apps (with bug reports available) and the result shows that GLIB can achieve 100\% precision and 99.5\% recall in detecting non-crashing bugs such as game GUI glitches. Practical application of GLIB on another 14 real-world games (without bug reports) further demonstrates that GLIB can effectively uncover GUI glitches, with 48 of 53 bugs reported by GLIB having been confirmed and fixed so far.
K.A. Semendyaev. Life and scientific achievements
Authors: Afendikova Nadezhda Gennadievna , Bogdanov Andrey Nikolaevich
Published: July 2021

The preprint is devoted to the life and scientific work of the outstanding Soviet scientist in the field of applied mathematics Konstantin Semendyaev (1908–1988). As a recognized authority on carrying out massive computational work on the basis of manual counting, he was involved in the numerical calculations of the tasks of creating atomic weapons. Based on documentary materials, the significant contribution of K.A. Semendyaev to the creation of methods for numerical solution and the necessary calculations in the Atomic Project is shown.
Recommendation System Based on Generative Adversarial Network with Graph Convolutional Layers
Authors: Sasagawa Takato ,   Department of Intelligent Interaction Technologies, Graduate School of Systems and Information Engineering, University of Tsukuba 1-1-1 Tennoudai, Tsukuba, 305-8573 Ibaraki, Japan, Kawai Shin , Nobuhara Hajime
Published: July 2021

A graph convolutional generative adversarial network (GCGAN) is proposed to provide recommendations for new users or items. To maintain scalability, the discriminator was improved to capture the latent features of users and items, using graph convolution from a minibatch-sized bipartite graph. In the experiment using MovieLens, it was confirmed that the proposed GCGAN had better performance than the conventional CFGAN, when MovieLens 1M was employed with sufficient data. The proposed method is characterized in such a manner that it can learn domain information of both, users and items, and it does not require to relearn a model for a new node. Further, it can be developed for any service having such conditions, in the information recommendation field.
Protocol-Independent Data Acquisition for Precision Farming
Authors: Alejandrino Jonnel D. ,   De La Salle University 2401 Taft Avenue, Malate, Manila 1004, Philippines, II Ronnie S. Concepcion , Almero Vincent Jan D. , Palconit Maria Gemel , Vicerra Ryan Rhay P. , Bandala Argel , Sybingco Edwin , Dadios Elmer P.
Published: July 2021

This paper proposes an optimal design of network and a routing mechanism that is independent from fixed protocols. It provides an optimized route for diversified mesh network, which can support interorganizational communication in a large-scale operation. Decentralization of the system ensures that every protocol acts independently and selects the best optimal path during transmission of data without modifying their architecture and technology. Incorporation of definite source configuration improves the mobility of the systems. Each sensor is individually processed to balance the data load and prevent congestion. Simple transmit-receive test is performed by circulating messages of increasing size between end sensors and network destination. The proposed technique is considered to be effective in terms of interoperability speed, data accuracy and bit error rate (BER) with an increment of 27.13%, 99.98%, and 15.12%, respectively. Finally, the test demonstrates its expediency in terms of adaptability and scalability.
An Elderly Monitoring System Based on Multiple Ultra-Sensitive Vibration and Pneumatic Sensors
Authors: Shao Shuai ,   Graduate School of Systems Design, Tokyo Metropolitan University 6-6 Asahigaoka, Hino, Tokyo 191-0065, Japan, Yamamoto Kouhei , Kubota Naoyuki
Published: July 2021

In recent years, aging of the population has become a major social problem. Various types of sensor networks have been applied to elderly monitoring for addressing the care problems of the elderly living alone. We have also proposed elderly monitoring systems based on wireless sensor network devices. However, vision-based sensors can also cause a mental burden on the elderly’s privacy. Furthermore, the number of sensors must be reduced, if possible. Therefore, this study proposes an elderly monitoring system composed of two vibration sensors placed on the floor and a pneumatic sensor placed on the bed. Because both sensors include considerable measurement noise, we propose a human behavior estimation method that includes anomaly detection from time-series measurement data using an autocorrelation coefficient. Finally, we discuss the effectiveness and usability of the proposed system through several experimental results. The accuracy of walking detection reaches 94.4%, while the error of heartbeat detection is 3.01 bpm.
Behavior Estimation Based on Multiple Vibration Sensors for Elderly Monitoring Systems
Authors: Shao Shuai , Kubota Naoyuki , Hotta Kazutaka , Sawayama Takuya ,   Graduate School of Systems Design, Tokyo Metropolitan University 6-6 Asahigaoka, Hino, Tokyo 191-0065, Japan,   Kansai Electric Power Co., Inc. 3-11-20 Nakouji, Amagasaki, Hyogo 661-0974, Japan,   New Sensor Incorporated 1-24-3 Yuyamadai, Kawanishi, Hyogo 666-0137, Japan
Published: July 2021

Aging has become a global social issue nowadays. We want to provide an elderly care system for older people who live alone. Based on the perspective of an informationally structured space (ISS), we have developed a monitoring system by using high-precision vibration sensors. In preliminary experiments, we observed that the autocorrelation coefficient reflected periodic human activities to a certain extent. Therefore, we propose a time delay neural network (TDNN) with autocorrelation as the input to analyze the vibration data. The system can estimate the current state of the elderly. When the system observes any abnormal situation of the elderly, the system can confirm by voice or notify the caregiver, if necessary. In the experiments, we compared the proposed method with traditional TDNNs using raw data as the input. The results demonstrated that proposed methods had performed well when using vibration sensors to measure user behaviors in the bathroom and living room.
Treemap-Based Cluster Visualization and its Application to Text Data Analysis
Authors: Takama Yasufumi ,   Tokyo Metropolitan University 6-6 Asahigaoka, Hino, Tokyo 191-0065, Japan, Tanaka Yuna , Mori Yoshiyuki , Shibata Hiroki
Published: July 2021

This paper proposes Treemap-based visualization for supporting cluster analysis of multi-dimensional data. It is important to grasp data distribution in a target dataset for such tasks as machine learning and cluster analysis. When dealing with multi-dimensional data such as statistical data and document datasets, dimensionality reduction algorithms are usually applied to project original data to lower-dimensional space. However, dimensionality reduction tends to lose the characteristics of data in the original space. In particular, the border between different data groups could not be represented correctly in lower-dimensional space. To overcome this problem, the proposed visualization method applies Fuzzy c-Means to target data and visualizes the result on the basis of the highest and the second-highest membership values with Treemap. Visualizing the information about not only the closest clusters but also the second closest ones is expected to be useful for identifying objects around the border between different clusters, as well as for understanding the relationship between different clusters. A prototype interface is implemented, of which the effectiveness is investigated with a user experiment on a news articles dataset. As another kind of text data, a case study of applying it to a word embedding space is also shown.
Key Factors Contributing to the Anchorage Loss of Maxillary First Molars: A Retrospective Study of 726 Extraction Cases
Authors: Su Hong , Xu Kaiyuan , Han Bing , Chen Gui , Xu Tianmin
Published: July 2021

Background: Anchorage control is one of the key components in the treatment of extraction cases. However, why anchorage loss happens is still an unanswered question. The purpose of this study was to investigate the most important factors contributing to the anchorage loss of maxillary first molars in premolar extraction cases. Methods：The study enrolled 726 upper premolar extraction cases, including 214 male patients and 512 female patients, and the average age was 14 (range: 9-45 years old).Factors including physiological characteristics, treatment mechanics and cephalometric variables were collected and their influences on the angulation changes of maxillary first molars were analyzed. Results: The average angulation change of maxillary first molar after treatment was 2.81°, meaning the molar tipped forward during treatment by 2.81°. The change of UM/PP showed statistically significant difference in different sex ( male 3.84°±5.26 ° vs female 2.38°±5.10°), age (adult -0.05°±4.73 ° vs teenager 3.46°±5.07°), and molar relationship(Class II 3.28°±5.15°vs Class I 2.36°±5.19°). There are six variables accounted in the regression analysis (R=0.608, R²=37.0%). Among them, the pre-treatment molar tipping (Standardized Coefficients：-0.65) and the pre-treatment incisor/molar height ratio (Standardized Coefficients：-0.27)were the most important factors influencing anchorage loss during treatment.Conclusion: Compared with treatment-related factors, the patient’s physiological characteristics play a more important role in anchorage loss. The pre-treatment angulation of the maxillary first molar is the most contributing factor of the maxillary molar angulation changes, which are often predisposing anchorage loss.
Expressway Traffic Accidents Involving Human Injuries and Fatalities in Ethiopia: Negative Binomial Regression Model
Authors: Mustefa Yesuf Abdela , Belayhun Addis
Published: July 2021

Objective

The purpose of this study is to provide insights and to model significant determinants of accidents involving injuries and fatalities using Ethiopian Toll Roads Enterprise data. Besides, we utilized recent dataset recorded from September, 2014 to December, 2019. We applied the most appropriate but forwent statistical model. Moreover, we examined the significance of the effects of drivers’ age and gender that have not been the cases in the literatures.
Results

We found that the number of injuries in accidents were significantly determined by type of vehicles, ownership status of vehicles, accident time weather condition, driver-vehicle relationship, drivers’ level of education, and drivers’ age. Heavy trucks were more likely to cause more number of injuries than medium or small vehicles. Hot and windy weather conditions were associated with higher probability of the number of injuries. The likelihood of the number of injuries were lower when drivers are owner of the vehicle; drivers level of education is above secondary school; and the age of the driver is between 18 and 23 years old. Moreover, due concern needs to be given for traffic road rules.
Robust tracking control design for fractional-order interval type-2 fuzzy systems
Authors: Ramasamy Kavikumar , Rathinasamy Sakthivel , O.M Kwon , Palanisamy Selvaraj
Published: July 2021

In this paper, a robust control strategy is proposed to deal with the state tracking problem of fractional-order interval type-2 fuzzy system with external disturbance, model uncertainties and state delay. In particular, footprints of uncertainty of the underlying fuzzy system is taken into account to capture and model different level of uncertainties. The uncertainty and disturbance estimator is used to promote the tracking behavior of rejecting disturbance in the control system. First, by applying Lyapunov approach, we focus on the examination of stability and performance of the fractional-order tracking error system. Next, unknown system uncertainties, external disturbances and nonlinearities are accurately estimated via an appropriate filter design. Especially, the proposed control technique does not require any prior knowledge about above said unknown factors and it only require the bandwidth information about low-pass filter.Finally, the feasibility and advantages of the proposed design scheme are confirmed by three numerical examples.
Agent-based Multi-tier SLA Negotiation for Intercloud
Authors: Li Lin , Lin Kaibiao , Zhu Shunzhi
Published: July 2021

The evolving intercloud enables idle resources to be traded among cloud providers to facilitate optimizing utilization and to improve the cost-effectiveness of service for cloud consumers. However, several challenges are raised for this multi-tier dynamic market, where cloud providers not only compete for consumer requests but also cooperate with each other. To establish a healthier and more efficient intercloud ecosystem, this paper proposed a multi-tier agent-based fuzzy constraint-directed negotiation (AFCN) model for a fully distributed negotiation environment without a broker to coordinate the negotiation process. The novelty of AFCN is the use of a fuzzy membership function to represent imprecise preferences of the agent, which not only reveals the opponent’s behavior preference but can also specify the possibilities prescribing the extent to which the feasible solutions are suitable for the agent’s behavior. Moreover, this information can pass and guide each tier of negotiation to generate a more favorable proposal. Thus, the multi-tier AFCN can not only improve the performance of negotiation, but also enforce global consistency to improve the integrated solution capacity in the intercloud. The experimental results demonstrate that the proposed multi-tier AFCN model outperforms other agent negotiation models and gives full play to the efficiency and scalability of the intercloud in terms of the level of satisfaction, the ratio of successful negotiation, the average revenue of the cloud provider, and the buying price of the unit cloud resource.
Random World and Quantum Mechanics
Authors: Król Jerzy , Bielas Krzysztof , Asselmeyer-Maluga Torsten
Published: July 2021

Quantum mechanics (QM) predicts probabilities on the fundamental level which are, via Born probability law, connected to the formal randomness of infinite sequences of QM outcomes. Recently it has been shown that QM is algorithmic 1-random in the sense of Martin-Löf. We extend this result and demonstrate that QM is algorithmic ω-random and generic precisely as described by the ’miniaturisation’ of the Solovay forcing to arithmetic. This is extended further to the result that QM becomes Zermelo-Fraenkel Solovay random on infinite dimensional Hilbert spaces. Moreover it is more likely that there exists a standard transitive model of ZFC M where QM is expressed in reality than in the universe V of sets. Then every generic quantum measurement adds the infinite sequence, i.e. random real r ∈ 2ω , to M and the model undergoes random forcing extensions, M[r]. The entire process of forcing becomes the structural ingredient of QM and parallels similar constructions applied to spacetime in the quantum limit. This shows the structural resemblance of both in the limit. We discuss several questions regarding measurability and eventual practical applications of the extended Solovay randomness of QM. The method applied is the formalization based on models of ZFC, however, this is particularly well-suited technique to recognising randomness questions of QM. When one works in a constant model of ZFC or in axiomatic ZFC itself the issues considered here become mostly hidden.
Understanding Precipitation Characteristics of Afghanistan at Provincial Scale
Authors: Suryavanshi Shakti , Joshi Nitin , Maurya Hardeep Kumar , Gupta Divya , Sharma Keshav Kumar
Published: July 2021

This study examines the pattern and trend of seasonal and annual precipitation along with extreme precipitation events in a data scare, south Asian country, Afghanistan. Seven extreme precipitation indices were considered based upon intensity, duration and frequency of precipitation events. The study revealed that precipitation pattern of Afghanistan is unevenly distributed at seasonal and yearly scales. Southern and Southwestern provinces remain significantly dry whereas, the Northern and Northeastern provinces receive comparatively higher precipitation. Spring and winter seasons bring about 80% of yearly precipitation in Afghanistan. However, a notable declining precipitation trend was observed in these two seasons. An increasing trend in precipitation was observed for the summer and autumn seasons, however; these seasons are the lean periods for precipitation. A declining annual precipitation trend was also revealed in many provinces of Afghanistan. Analysis of extreme precipitation indices reveals a general drier condition in Afghanistan. Large spatial variability was found in precipitation indices. In many provinces of Afghanistan, a significantly declining trends were observed in intensity-based (Rx1-day, RX5-day, SDII and R95p) and frequency-based (R10) precipitation indices. The duration-based precipitation indices (CDD and CWD) also infer a general drier climatic condition in Afghanistan. This study will assist the agriculture and allied sectors to take well-planned adaptive measures in dealing with the changing patterns of precipitation, and additionally, facilitating future studies for Afghanistan.
Performance measurement of small-cells deployed under a heterogeneous network: an analysis of the co-existence of small-cells with the macro‑cell in 5G NR
Authors: Mahbub Mobasshir , Barua Bobby
Published: July 2021

Advancements of cellular networks such as 4G and 5G proposed the collaboration of small-cell technologies in mobile networks and constructed a heterogeneous network (HetNet) for collaborative connectivity. There are many benefits of small-cell-based collective communication such as the increase of device capability in indoor/outdoor locations, enhancement of wireless coverage, improved signal efficiency, lower implementation costs of gNB (Next-generation Base Station introduced in 5G), etc. The integration of small-cells by deploying low-power BSs (base stations) in conventional macro-gNBs was investigated as a convenient and economical way of raising the potentials of a cellular network with high demand from consumers. The fusion of small-cells with macro-cells offers increased coverage and capacity for heterogeneous networks. Therefore, the research aimed to realize the performance of a small-cell deployed under a macro-cell in a two-tier heterogeneous network. The research first modified the reference equation for measuring the received power by introducing the transmitter and receiver gain. The paper then measured the SINR, throughput, spectral efficiency, and power efficiency for both downlink and uplink by empirical simulation. The research further enlisted the notable outcomes after examining the simulation results and discussed some relevant research scopes in the concluding sections of the paper.
Visual Assessment of Coronary Artery Calcium in Non-ECG Gated Chest CT: A Multicenter Study
Authors: Yamamoto Hideya , Fujimoto Shinichiro , Aoshima Chihiro , Minamino Tohru , Fujii Takashi , Wakabaayshi Shinichi , Urabe Yoji , Ueda Hironori , Kunita Eiji , Abe Mitsunori , Higashino Hiroshi
Published: July 2021

Purpose: We sought to evaluate the visual measurements of coronary artery calcium (CAC) in chest CT without ECG gating, and to compare their predictive abilities for obstructive coronary artery disease (CAD). Methods: We analyzed 163 subjects who underwent both coronary and chest CT examinations at 6 centers within 3 months. Agatston scores were calculated on standard ECG-gated scans and then classified into none (0), mild (1–99), moderate (100–400), and severe (>400) grades. Chest CT images were reconstructed with standard 5.0 mm axial slices. CAC in chest CT scans was measured using two methods: Weston score (sum of the assigned score of each vessel, range: 0–12) and number of slices showing CAC (Ca-slice#). Results: We found excellent inter-observer agreement in the estimates of the Weston score and Ca-slice# (R² = 0.913 and 0.955, respectively). When each of the two scores was divided into four levels, good agreement with the 4-grade Agatston score was observed (kappa value = 0.604 and 0.794, respectively). Of the 155 patients remaining after excluding non-diagnostic studies, obstructed CAD, defined as the presence of ≥70% stenosis on CT angiography, was found in 43 (27%). Receiver-operator characteristic curves of 4-grade hierarchies of Agatston score, Weston score, and Ca-slice# provided similar diagnostic powers to detect obstructed CAD (0.722, 0.706, and 0.718, respectively).Conclusion: The visual assessments of CAC detected by ECG non-gated chest CT scans were in good agreement with the ECG-gated Agatston score and also provided equivalent power to detect obstructive CAD. This study was registered at UMIN-CTR (identifier: UMIN000039178; registered date; Jan 16, 2020)
Designing LoRaWAN Network For Unbiased Communication Between Nodes and Gateway
Authors: Maurya poonam , Singh Aatmjeet , Kherani Arzad Alam
Published: July 2021

Proper cell designing is required to achieve a target system performance in Long Range Wide Area Network (LoRaWAN). This paper addresses a suitable selection of network designing parameters problem, such as the dimension of different spreading factors’ annuli (zones or SF boundaries) in a LoRaWAN cell. We propose a mathematical framework for designing the LoRaWAN network. The main objective is to ensure that distributed end devices in the network can have the same success probability, irrespective of the spreading factor usage and their locations, unlike Equal Area Based (EAB) based network. We further enhance the performance of the network based on the proposed dimensions by adopting the k-tolerance algorithm. When the network follows the proposed dimensions, simulation results show an improvement in overall success probability over the traditional EAB scheme. In the later part of the paper, we address urbanization issues that degrade the system performance. In our approach to recoup the degradation in the system performance, we implement k−tolerance algorithm in the network.
Investigating The Efficiency of Photothrombosis-Associated Focal Cerebral Ischemia By Monitoring Histopathological Changes and Neurobehavioral Performance in Model of Mouse
Authors: Shabani Zahra , Farhoudi Mehdi , Rahbarghazi Reza , Karimipour Mohammad , Mehrad Hossein
Published: July 2021

Background: Photothrombotic (PT) stroke model is a reliable, reproducible, noninvasive and accessible method to induce ischemic stroke in the target site using excitation of photosensitive agents such as Rose Bengal (RB) dye after light illumination. Methods: The thirty animals were assigned into three groups of Laser irradiation, RB, and Laser irradiation+RB. We assessed ischemic stroke outcomes through multiple cellular and behavioral approaches. Laser irradiation+ RB promoted pale ischemic changes after 7 days. Microscopic staining revealed neural tissue degeneration and demarcated necrotic site and neuronal injury plus prominent astrogliosis in the periphery of irradiated sites. We performed (BrdU/NeuN) staining to examine the neurogenesis on day 28. The volume of the lesion site was calculated using unbiased stereological study and Cavalier’s principle. To assess the efficiency of ischemic stroke, modified neurological severity score (mNSS) and cylinder tests were done on days 1, 7, 14, and 28. Results: BrdU+/NeuN+ staining showed a significant increase in the number of proliferating cells in the Laser irradiation+ RB group compared to the other groups (p<0.05), while the percent of NeuN+ cells reduced. In Laser irradiation + RB group, we found the largest infarct cavity volume and functional deficits during post ischemic days 1-7 that reduced thereafter. Conclusion: Our study revealed that the PT although increased the cell proliferating in the periphery of the lesion site, but due to an undesirable microenvironment, the neurogenesis decreased concomitantly with the functional and infarct size alleviation.
Development of a Functional and Psychosocial Evaluation Toolkit Using Mixed Methodology in a Community-Based Physical Activity Program for Childhood Cancer Survivors
Authors: Shank Jena , Chamorro-Viña Carolina , Guilcher Gregory , Schulte Fiona , Culos-Reed S. Nicole
Published: July 2021

Purpose

The evidence demonstrating the benefits of exercise and PA in patients and survivors of childhood cancer has been translated into a handful of community-based programs, such as the Pediatric cancer patients and survivors Engaging in Exercise for Recovery Program (PEER). In order to support the translation of research to practice, the next step in knowledge translation is to evaluate program effectiveness. An evaluation must consider the goals of the PEER program, feedback from key stakeholders and logistics of this program. Thus, the purpose of this study was to develop an evaluation toolkit with an algorithm for implementation for the PEER program.
Methods

Semi-structured interviews were conducted with three different groups (stakeholders in pediatric oncology, PEER parents and PEER participants). The interviews were transcribed and coded by two independent reviewers.
Results

Key themes extracted from the interviews were split into physical and psychosocial themes. The most commonly reported psychosocial themes were QOL, fatigue/energy levels, fun and confidence levels; and physical themes included motor skills, physical literacy and physical activity levels. Tools were compiled into the evaluation based on key themes identified as well as logistics of PEER. An algorithm was developed to tailor the evaluation to participants based on age, cognitive ability and mobility.
Conclusion

To date, this is the first evaluation toolkit and algorithm developed for a specific community-based PA program, the PEER program. The next step in knowledge-translation will be to implement the evaluation to assess feasibility, and share the evaluation for adoption within other developing programs.
Comparison of 3-Factor Versus 4-Factor Prothrombin Complex Concentrate For Emergent Warfarin Reversal: A Systematic Review And Meta-Analysis
Authors: Margraf David , Brown Sarah J , Blue Heather L , Bezdicek Tamara L , Wolfson Julian , Chapman Scott A
Published: July 2021

Background: Patients requiring emergent warfarin reversal (EWR) have been prescribed three-factor prothrombin complex concentrate (PCC3) and four-factor prothrombin complex concentrate (PCC4) to reverse the anticoagulant effects of warfarin. There is no existing systematic review and meta-analysis of studies directly comparing PCC3 and PCC4. Methods: The primary objective of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to determine the effectiveness of achieving study defined target INR goal after PCC3 or PCC4 administration. Secondary objectives were to determine the difference in safety endpoints, thromboembolic events (TE), and survival during the patients’ hospital stay. Random-effects meta-analysis models were used to estimate the odds ratios (OR), and heterogeneity associated with the outcomes. The Newcastle-Ottawa Scale was used to assess study quality, and Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines were followed. Results: Ten full-text manuscripts and 5 abstracts provided data for the primary and secondary outcomes. Patients requiring emergent warfarin reversal had more than three times the odds of reversal to goal INR when they were given PCC4 compared to PCC3 (OR = 3.61, 95% CI: 1.97-6.60, p < 0.001). There was no meaningful clinical association or statistically significant result between PCC4 and PCC3 groups in TE (OR = 1.56, 95% CI: 0.83-2.91, p = 0.17), or survival during hospital stay (OR = 1.34, 95% CI: 0.81-2.23, p = 0.25). Conclusion: PCC4 is more effective than PCC3 in meeting specific predefined INR goals, and has similar safety profiles in patients requiring emergent reversal of the anticoagulant effects of warfarin.