bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Shallow-water Magnetohydrodynamics for Westward Hotspots on Hot Jupiters
Authors: Hindle A. W. , Bushby P. J. , Rogers T. M.
Published: February 2019

Westward winds have now been inferred for two hot Jupiters (HJs): HAT-P-7b and CoRoT-2b. Such observations could be the result of a number of physical phenomena such as cloud asymmetries, asynchronous rotation, or magnetic fields. For the hotter HJs magnetic fields are an obvious candidate, though the actual mechanism remains poorly understood. Here we show that a strong toroidal magnetic field causes the planetary-scale equatorial magneto-Kelvin wave to structurally shear as it travels, resulting in westward tilting eddies, which drive a reversal of the equatorial winds from their eastward hydrodynamic counterparts. Using our simplified model we estimate that the equatorial winds of HAT-P-7b would reverse for a planetary dipole field strength

, a result that is consistent with three-dimensional magnetohydrodynamic simulations and lies below typical surface dipole estimates of inflated HJs. The same analysis suggests the minimum dipole field strength required to reverse the winds of CoRoT-2b is

, which considerably exceeds estimates of the maximum surface dipole strength for HJs. We hence conclude that our magnetic wave-driven mechanism provides an explanation for wind reversals on HAT-P-7b; however, other physical phenomena provide more plausible explanations for wind reversals on CoRoT-2b.
Are We Ready for the CARE Act?: Family Caregiving Education for Health Care Providers
Authors: Badovinac Lisa M. , Nicolaysen Lori , Harvath Theresa A.
Published: February 2019

The CARE Act, law in 40 states and territories in the United States, requires hospitals to identify and include family caregivers during admission and in preparation for discharge. Although the number of family caregivers has been steadily increasing, health care providers are ill-prepared to address their needs, and caregiving remains a neglected topic in health care providers' education. A market analysis was performed to explore the availability of and interest in interprofessional courses and programs focused on preparing health professionals to support family caregivers. Although nurses and chief nursing officers agreed on the importance of supporting caregivers, they were less likely to endorse formal educational preparation for this complex role. The current study elucidates a gap between what caregivers report they need and the preparation of health care professionals to advance family-centered approaches to care. [
Journal of Gerontological Nursing, 45
(3), 7–11.]
Hypercholesterolemia Management in Older Adults: A Scoping Review of Recent Evidence
Authors: Buck Harleah G. , Mcghee Stephen , Polo Randall L. , Zambroski Cheryl
Published: February 2019

Given the high co-occurrence of age and hypercholesterolemia, there is a critical need for age-appropriate evidence for achieving normal cholesterol levels. The purpose of the current review was to map recent evidence (i.e., past 5 years) on hypercholesterolemia management in older adults and identify gaps in the evidence. Electronic searches in PubMed, CINAHL, and Scopus were conducted. Inclusion criteria were age 65 or older and lipid panel outcome. Exclusion criteria were a mixed age sample and familial hypercholesterolemia. An initial pool of 3,176 unique records resulted in 26 articles that met inclusion criteria. Arksey and O'Malley's scoping study framework was used. Sample sizes ranged from 12 to 1,010 (
N
= 8,509) adults ages 65 to 96. Evidence supports the use of exercise, diet, and statins in older adults. Laboratory, intervention, and methodological gaps were identified. Much remains to be examined in safely managing older adults with hypercholesterolemia, including determining time to behavior change in nonpharmacological interventions and contextual factors influencing adherence. [
Journal of Gerontological Nursing, 45
(3), 31–42.]
La méthode liste. Textualité et créativité
Authors: Mahrer Rudolf
Published: February 2019

Pourquoi certains scripteurs dressent-ils des listes lorsqu’ils préparent un texte ? Pour répondre à cette question, l’auteur envisage la liste comme une pratique langagière graphique, caractérisable par sa forme textuelle et l’action qu’elle effectue (l’énumération). À partir d’une définition de l’énumération et d’une description linguistique de la liste, comme trace et ressource de l’action énumérative, cette contribution propose de dégager les propriétés (fixation, prédisposition, dérivation) qui rendent compte de son usage en contexte d’invention. En conclusion, à partir d’un corpus d’une trentaine de cas, s’esquisse une répartition des usages génétiques de la liste sur deux axes (liste native vs tardive, locale vs globale), puis une typologie d’usages fréquents (liste d’invention, liste sélective, liste documentaire et liste récapitulative).
Indian Tourism
Authors: Katta Rama Mohana Rao , Patro Chandra Sekhar
Published: February 2019

Tourism is one of the largest service industries in terms of gross revenue and foreign exchange earnings in many countries, including India. Its role and importance in fostering economic development of a country and creating greater employment opportunities has been well recognized worldwide. Tourism involves the exchange of ideas and leads to better understanding of people belonging to different cultures, traditions, lifestyles, heritage, customs, habits, regions and different countries. The tourism sector is facing the problem of an acute shortage of skilled personnel, and experience feedback from tourists (both foreign & domestic) about the services, like the basic facilities for tourists, safety and security, hospitality, tour guides, transport, entertainment, and other infrastructural services. Greater thrust and greater investment to correct these shortcomings is the need of the hour. This article aims to analyze the status of the tourism sector in India and explores the ways through which this sector can be promoted to its potential, both in domestic and international markets.
Modeling the Role of Service Quality, Customer Satisfaction and Customer Loyalty in Building Service Brand Equity
Authors: Zameer Hashim , Wang Ying , Yasmeen Humaira , Ahmed Waqas
Published: February 2019

This study comprehends a framework for measuring strength of service brands in service industry of Pakistan using three fundamental pillars in building service brand equity i.e. service quality, customer satisfaction and customer loyalty. The results validated through the structural equation modeling (SEM) indicates the significance of customer loyalty that is contingent to satisfied customers. Moreover, in the context of service sector organizations, customer satisfaction is highly dependent on service quality. The mediation testing further indicates that customer satisfaction mediates and strengthens the relationship between service quality and customer loyalty, while, the latter fully mediates the relationship between customer satisfaction and service brand equity. Based upon the findings, this study develops a pyramid of building service brand equity. Finally, theoretical and managerial implications have been discussed.
Mobile Wallets in India
Authors: Phutela Nidhi , Altekar Shrirang
Published: February 2019

Adoption of technology by the Indians is setting an example for the others. Considering the penetration of mobile phones and its usage success stories all over the world, a good number of companies are exploring new uses of mobile technology. Many companies have come up with a new use of mobile technology, mobile wallets. This research article has been undertaken to understand the previous research work on the adoption of mobile technology in the developed countries and the factors that are influential to understand the reasons for such adoption. The Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology (UTAUT) Model has been taken as a base for understanding the adoption by Indian consumers and two factors namely – Trust in mobile wallet services and trust in mobile wallet service providers have been examined for their impact on its adoption. A survey was conducted across Delhi NCR to examine attitude of Indian consumers for mobile wallets adoption.
Online Auction Market of Preannounced Product
Authors: Tu Yanbin , Shock James R. , Shangguan Joe Z.
Published: February 2019

This article examines how an online auction of a preannounced product, the Microsoft Xbox 360, proceeds and performs before its official launch on eBay. Data from the eBay marketplace is examined after the date of the preannouncement in May 2005 until the launch in November 2005. Specifically, the authors look to see if auction success rates from one day affect the success rates on the following day. They also examine if the winning bid prices of one day affect the winning bids on the following day. The results show that auction success rates on one day do not have a significant impact on the following day's success rates. Regarding winning bid prices, there is strong evidence that the winning price series is a nonstationary process, and daily prices show a reverse trending pattern. The authors discuss the managerial implications of their findings.
Investigating the Use and Acceptance of Technologies by Professors in a Higher Education Institution
Authors: Costa Carolina , Alvelos Helena , Teixeira Leonor
Published: February 2019

This article analyses the use and acceptance of technologies by professors in the teaching and learning context in a higher education institution. In the empirical study, a questionnaire based on the technology acceptance model was applied. The results indicated that the most used technologies are Moodle, Facebook and YouTube and it was concluded that in general, those technologies are well accepted. Few statistically significant differences between respondents' gender, scientific areas or ages were found, revealing that the use of those technologies is already widespread in the studied institution. Results also showed that perceived usefulness and perceived ease of use are two important determinants of Moodle acceptance, and that the majority of respondents did not know the MOOC concept. This article is valuable for researchers in the area and for professors that want to implement the use technologies in the teaching and learning context.
Evaluating the Use of an Online Video Training Program to Supplement a Graduate Course in Applied Behavior Analysis
Authors: Lee Gabrielle T. , Chang Tzu-Fen
Published: February 2019

The primary purpose of the present article was to evaluate the effects of a supplemental online video program on student quiz performance for an online course in applied behavior analysis. Nineteen graduate students, in ages ranging from 22 to 40, agreed to participate in this study. A within-subject group design was used. The control condition contained textbook readings and accompanied self-guided notes, while an online video training program was added to supplement the experimental condition. Results indicated that the students scored significantly higher in their weekly quizzes under the condition supplemented with the online video training program. The students perceived the video training program as equally helpful as the textbook, but they enjoyed the online videos significantly more than the textbook. Students' self-reported enjoyment of the online videos was also positively correlated to their quiz performance under the condition supplemented with the videos.
The Use of Systems Thinking, Systems Practice, to Elicit the Effectiveness of Cancer Support Services in the Southwest of England
Authors: Evans Gary , Hamerston Layne , Cherrett Lynn Marie , Sadd Debbie J.
Published: February 2019

This article summarises the findings of a systemic analysis of Living Well and Active's coordination and delivery of physical activity, health and well-being interventions for those living with cancer in the Southwest of England. The 16-month analysis was informed by cancer charities, consultants, healthcare professionals, local government officers, patients and physical activity health and well-being deliverers. Whilst the findings proved there were pockets of good practice such as interventions delivery, organisations were found to be operating in a fragmented way, were resource starved and struggling to make sense of the top-down imposed healthcare policy changes. This meant the cancer referral process only captured 1:10 cancer survivors who could be assisted on their pathway to normalisation. However, participants' conceptualised a different cancer referral process and a hub of practice similar to Living Well and Active to lead physical activity, health and well-being interventions, to improve the 1:10 cancer referral process.
Phytoplankton responses to an extreme drought season: A case study at two reservoirs from a semiarid region, Northeastern Brazil
Authors: Oliveira Carlos Y. B. , Oliveira Cicero D. L. , Almeida Ayanne J. G. , Gálvez Alfredo O. , Dantas Danielli M.
Published: February 2019

The temporal phytoplankton biomass variation at two Neotropical reservoirs during an extreme drought season were analyzed. Here we sought to evaluate the main abiotic factors involved in dynamics of phytoplankton during this drought period. The main difference between the reservoirs was the intensive fish and shrimp farming in one of the reservoirs. For quantitative analysis, sampling with bottles were carried out at an average depth of 0.5m. Water temperature, pH and electrical conductivity parameters were measured in situ and water samples were collected for dissolved inorganic nitrogen and soluble reactive phosphorus analyses. Aquaculture was probably one among the causes for the reservoirs were so different in the physical and chemical variables, as shown by the principal components analysis. The results showed specific groups dominance in both reservoirs. In the Cachoeira II reservoir, an invasive dinoflagellate, Ceratium furcoides, was present in all analyzed months, while, in the Saco I reservoir, cyanobacteria group represented more than 50% of phytoplankton biomass, mainly Microcystis aeruginosa and Dolichospermum sp. In two reservoirs precipitation, soluble reactive phosphorus and electrical conductivity were positively related with phytoplankton. Phytoplankton biomass was considerably larger in the Cachoeira II reservoir, due to the greater size and biovolume of the dominant dinoflagellate. These findings suggest that species dominance in extreme drought events may be favored.
The retrosigmoid approach: Workhorse for petroclival meningioma surgery
Authors: Singh Neha , Singh Deepak , Ahmad Faran , Kumar Rakesh
Published: February 2019

Background: Petroclival meningiomas (PCMs) are technically challenging lesions. We retrospectively analyzed our experience with retrosigmoid approach between 2009 and 2015 in 17 patients with PCM to evaluate changes in management strategy. In this study, we evaluated the possible risk factors and challenges for unfavorable clinical outcomes with retrosigmoid approach. Materials and Methods: A total of nine patients (53%) of PCM were treated through the retrosigmoid approach in Dr. Ram Manohar Lohia Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow. The patients received postoperative neurological and radiological follow-up. The primary difficulty in complete resection and outcomes including postoperative neurological deficits were evaluated, and all potential risk factors were assessed. Results: The mean follow-up time was 24 months. The maximum diameter of the tumors ranged from 2.0 cm to 6.8 cm (mean, 3.8 cm). Gross total resection (Simpson Grade II) was achieved in 6 (66%) patients, subtotal resection (Simpson Grade III) in 3 (33%). Two patients (22%) had new neurological deficits or worsening of preexisting deficits. No patient died after surgery. Within the follow-up period, there was no radiographic recurrence in patients with Simpson Grade II excision. Postoperative radiosurgery was administered to three patients who had residual tumors, and no further progression was found in them. Conclusions: Tumor characteristics played a critical role in identifying postoperative functional status. The retrosigmoid approach is suitable for treatment of majority of PCMs. It offers Simpson Grade II excision if the main part of the tumor is located in the posterior fossa in the cerebellopontine angle and the lower clivus, and only a minor part of the tumor extends to middle fossa or the posterior wall of the cavernous sinus. With incising tentorium or suprameatal extensension middle fossa extension can also be removed. Overall retrosigmoid approach provides a low degree of surgical difficulty and a low complication rate.
Lateral semi-sitting position: A novel method of patient's head positioning in suboccipital retrosigmoid approaches
Authors: Velho Vernon , Naik Harish , Bhide Anuj , Bhople Laxmikant , Gade Prashant
Published: February 2019

Background: The most common methods of positioning patients for suboccipital approaches are the lateral, lateral oblique, sitting, semisitting, supine with the head turn, and park bench. The literature on the positioning of patients for these approaches does not mention the use of lateral semisitting position. This position allows utilization of the benefits of both semisitting and lateral position without causing any additional morbidity to the patient. Aims: The aim of the present study is to highlight the advantages of the lateral semisitting position while operating various cerebellopontine angle (CPA) and posterior fossa lesions. Materials and Methods: The position involved placing the patient in a lateral position with torso flexed to 45° and head tilted toward opposite shoulder by 20°. The most common approach taken was retrosigmoid suboccipital craniotomy. Results: The advantages of lateral semisitting position were early decompression of cisterna magna, and the surgical field remained relatively clear, due to gravity-assisted drainage of blood and irrigating fluid. We could perform all the surgeries without the use of any retractors. The position allowed better delineation of surrounding structures resulting in achieving correct dissection plane and also permitted early caudal to cranial dissection of tumor capsule, thereby increasing chances of facial nerve preservation. Importantly, there is less engorgement of the cerebellum as the venous outflow is promoted. We have not experienced any increased rate of complications, such as venous air embolism, tension pneumocephalus with this lateral semisitting position. Conclusions: Lateral semisitting position is a relatively safe modification, which combines the benefits of semisitting and lateral position, and avoids the disadvantages of sitting position in operating CPA tumors. This position can provide quick and better exposure of the CPA without any significant complications.
Endoscope-assisted microneurosurgery for neurovascular compression syndromes: Basic principles, methodology, and technical notes
Authors: Luzzi Sabino , Del Maestro Mattia , Trovarelli Donatella , De Paulis Danilo , Dechordi Soheila , Di Vitantonio Hambra , Di Norcia Valerio , Millimaggi Daniele , Ricci Alessandro , Galzio Renato
Published: February 2019

Background: Microscopic microvascular decompression (MVD) has a low but not negligible failure rate due to some missed conflicts, especially in case of multiple offending vessels. The reported study is aimed to assess the principles, methodology, technical notes, and effectiveness of the endoscope-assisted (EA) MVD for neurovascular compression syndromes (NVCS) in the posterior fossa. Materials and Methods: A series of 43 patients suffering from an NVCS and undergone to an EA MVD were retrospectively reviewed. Syndromes were trigeminal neuralgia in 25 cases, hemifacial spasm in nine cases, positional vertigo in six cases, glossopharyngeal neuralgia in two cases, and spasmodic torticollis in one case. In all cases, a 0°–30° specially designed endoscope was inserted into the surgical field to find/treat those conflicts missed by the microscopic exploration. Each procedure was judged in terms of the effectiveness of the adjunct of the endoscope according to a three types classification system: Type I – improvement in the visualization of the nerve's root entry/exit zone; Type II – endoscopic detection of one or more conflicts involving the ventral aspects of the nerve and missed by the microscope; Type III – endoscope-controlled release of the neurovascular conflict otherwise difficult to treat under the only microscopic view. Results: A total of 55 conflicts were found and treated. Twenty-eight procedures were classified as Type I, nine as Type II, and six as Type III. All the patients had a full recovery from their symptoms. Conclusions: In selected cases, EA MVD offers some advantages in the detection and treatment of neurovascular conflicts in the posterior fossa.
Contrecoup extradural hematoma without fracture: A case report and review of literature
Authors: Musali Siddartha , Manne Srikrishnaditya , Butkuri Nagarjuna , Gollapudi Prakash , Kumar Thatikonda
Published: February 2019

Extradural hemorrhages are commonly seen in coup head injuries, rarely seen in contrecoup head injuries. Acute extradural hemorrhage in the coup head injuries associated with a fracture is common, but the incidence of acute contrecoup extradural hemorrhage not associated with the fracture is extremely rare. Only 21 cases have been reported previously. A 28-year-old male patient presented to the emergency department with complaints of sustaining injuries in a road traffic accident by fall from a two-wheeler. No history of loss of consciousness, vomiting, seizures, and ear/nose bleed. On examination, the patient was conscious and coherent with a Glasgow Coma Scale score of 15/15 and a laceration on the right frontotemporal region which was sutured. Contrast tomography of the brain revealed an extradural hemorrhage of 10 mm thickness in the left parieto-occipital region with soft tissue swelling in the right temporoparietal region, without any evident fractures in the calvarium. The patient was managed conservatively. Contrecoup extradural hematoma is a rare entity, and those without fracture are extremely rare. Early diagnosis, careful observation, and management lead to a good outcome.
Management and surgical approaches of brainstem cavernous malformations: Our experience and literature review
Authors: Cannizzaro Delia , Sabatino Giovanni , Mancarella Cristina , Revay Martina , Rossi Marco , Pecchioli Guido , Cardia Andrea , Maira Giulio , D'Angelo Vincenzo , Fornari Maurizio
Published: February 2019

Introduction: Brainstem cavernous malformations (BSCMs) are clusters of dilated sinusoidal channels. Clinical presentation is characterized by focal neurological deficits and/or hemorrhage. The goal of this study is to analyze surgical indications and approaches in a series of patients with BSCM and review pertinent literature and suggest prognostic factors related to the anatomical, clinical, and surgical data collected. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the clinical data of 55 patients with BSCM, treated at three centers, from January 2006 to March 2016. We collected anagraphic data, pre and postoperative neurological status, pre and postradiological images, surgical procedures, and follow-up results. We summarized the anatomical, clinical, and surgical aspects of the lesions and identified two large groups based on the chosen approach: lateral and medial. Clinical and radiological results were then compared. Results: The series comprised 55 patients. Hemorrhagic onset was observed in all patients. Suboccipital, retrosigmoid, anterior, subtentorial, subtemporal, transvermian, telovelar, far lateral and trans, and infratentorial approaches were performed. Neurological status improved postoperatively in 34 cases at last follow-up. Five patients showed clinical neurological worsening. Total resection was achieved in 46 cases and, during a mean follow-up of 63.4 months, no recurrence or re-bleeding occurred in those patients. The mean follow-up was 63.9 months. The mean modified Rankin Scale at final follow-up was used to analyze the results and draw our conclusions. Conclusions: A reasonable surgical approach, selection, and gentle handling of the surrounding structures are required to prevent impairment of neurologic function and avoid partial resection.
Women in Wartime
Authors: Howell Geraldine
Published: February 2019

Picture Post magazine was made famous by its pioneering photojournalism, which vividly captured a panorama of wartime events and the ordinary lives affected. This book is the first to examine this fascinating primary source as a cultural record of women’s dress history. Reading the magazine’s visual narratives from 1938 to 1945, it weaves together the ways in which design, style and fashion were affected by, and responded to, the state of being at war - and the new gender roles it created for women.

From the working class of Whitechapel to the beach sets of the Bahamas, and from well-heeled Mayfair to middle-class New York, Women in Wartime takes a wide-angled lens to the fashions and lifestyles of the women featured in Picture Post. Exploring the nature of femininity and the struggle to be fashionable during the war, the book reveals critical connections between clothing and social culture.

Drawing on a unique range of photographs, Women in Wartime presents a living history of how women’s clothing choices reflect changing perceptions of gender, body, and class during an era of unprecedented social change.
Design Culture
Authors: Julier Guy , Munch Anders V. , Nygaard Folkmann Mads , Jensen Hans-Christian , Skou Niels Peter
Published: February 2019

The concept of 'design culture' is a new and important idea within academic design. But what is this emergent discipline? Why does it matter? Featuring an impressive range of international case studies, Design Culture looks at everything from the function of a Danish clothing company and the evolution of New Zealand's resource-based economy to the introduction of 'design culture' in Jordan. The book interrogates what this emergent discipline is, its methodologies, its scope and its relationships with other fields of study. The work's interdisciplinary approach brings fresh thinking to this fast-evolving field of study
Jewellery in the Age of Modernism 1918–1940
Authors: Bliss Simon
Published: February 2019

Why has jewellery and body adornment often been marginalized in studies of modernist art and design? This study explores the relationship between jewellery, modernism and modernity from the ‘jazz age’ to the second world war in order to challenge the view that these portable art forms have only a minor role to play in histories of modernism.

From the masterworks of the Parisian jewellery houses to the film and photography of Man Ray, this study seeks to present jewellery in a new light, where issues of representation and display are considered to be as important in the creation of a modern ‘jewellery culture’ as the objects themselves.

Drawing on material from museums, archives, contemporary journals, memoirs, literary and theoretical texts, this study shows how the emergence of modern jewellery began to seriously question conventional notions of body adornment.
Policy and Practice of Participatory Extension in Indonesia: A Case Study of Extension Agents in East Java Province
Authors: Cahyono Edi Dwi , Agunga Robert
Published: February 2019

Participatory extension approach, also called demand-driven or pluralistic extension approach is gaining widespread popularity as a democratic process of getting smallholder farmers involved in decision-making. The approach was heavily promoted in Indonesia as a law enacted in 2006. This study, conducted in 2013, almost eight years after its introduction, was carried out to determine how effective the policy was being implemented. A survey of 159 extension agents in 33 sub-regencies of Malang Regency in East Java Province in Indonesia revealed that while extension workers were familiar with the participatory extension policy and were actually practicing it they felt that it was not successful. They also felt that they the communication skills to implement it. Lastly, they felt that while social media can enhance extension communication with farmers, they needed training in the use of Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs) in extension. Our recommendation was that training extension workers in communication and development was critical to helping them undertake the complex process of implementing the participatory extension approach while at the same time facilitating integrated rural development.
Capacity Development in Agricultural Education and training in Cambodia: A SWOT Analysis
Authors: Gill Thomas , Ricciardi Vincent , Bates Ricky , James Dana
Published: February 2019

This paper examines the current state of the agricultural education and training (AET) system in Cambodia and provides recommendations for Cambodian institutions and policymakers for enhancing the AET system. We conducted two assessment trips in June 2013 and January 2014 to analyze the state of the Cambodian AET system. Data were collected in 53 interviews and five focus groups using a modified-SWOT analysis framework. Stakeholder-identified strengths of the Cambodian AET system include the current political and economic stability of Cambodia, the young labor force, the increased educational enrollments, new agricultural education schools and curricula, good AET leadership, and the wide applicability of AET skillsets. Weaknesses of the Cambodian AET system include weak infrastructure, pedagogical stagnation, skills supply, the disconnect between the supply and workforce demand, and weak institutional administrative expertise. Meanwhile, threats to strengthening the Cambodian AET system include limited public investment, the gap between agriculture and education, low status of agriculture, and poor access to higher education. Recommendations for institutional capacity development in the Cambodian AET system include enhancing skill development and furthering links with NGOs and the private sector, while policy recommendations include welcoming prudent regional integration and enhancing investment across the whole AET system. Comparing our findings to other recent AET system studies indicates that Cambodia is facing similar challenges yet has its own unique path to forge when developing a cohesive AET system capacity development strategy.
Water limitation may restrict the positive effect of higher temperatures on weathering rates in forest soils
Authors: Belyazid Salim , Akselsson Cecilia , Zanchi Giuliana
Published: February 2019

Abstract. Climate change is generally expected to have a positive effect on weathering rates, due to the strong temperature dependence of the weathering process. There are, however, a number of feedback effects, both positive and negative, that can affect the weathering response to climate change, but that have not been fully taken into account in previous estimates. Important feedback mechanisms are the direct effect of changes in soil moisture, and the indirect effects through tree growth and decomposition on weathering rates. In this study, the dynamic forest ecosystem model ForSAFE, with mechanistic descriptions of tree growth, decomposition, weathering, hydrology and ion exchange processes, is used to investigate the effects of future climate scenarios on weathering rates in a more holistic way than has been done before. 544 productive coniferous forest sites, part of the Swedish National Forest Inventory, are modelled, and differences in weathering responses to changes in climate from two Global Climate Models are investigated. The study shows that weathering rates are likely to increase, but not to the extent predicted by a direct response to elevated air temperatures. The simulations show that increases in soil temperatures are less evident than those in air temperature, thereby dampening the effect of warming on weathering. Most importantly, the study shows that soil moisture availability has a strong potential to limit the expected response to increased temperature. While changes in annual precipitation may not indicate further risk for more severe water deficits, seasonal differences show a clear difference between winters and summers. Taking into account the seasonal variation, the study shows that reduced soil water availability in the summer seasons will strongly limit the expected gain in weathering associated with higher temperatures.
Global joint assimilation of GRACE and SMOS for improved estimation of root-zone soil moisture and vegetation response
Authors: Tian Siyuan , Renzullo Luigi J. , van Dijk Albert I. J. M. , Tregoning Paul , Walker Jeffrey P.
Published: February 2019

Abstract. The lack of direct measurement of root-zone soil moisture poses a challenge
to the large-scale prediction of ecosystem response to variation in soil
water. Microwave remote sensing capability is limited to measuring moisture
content in the uppermost few centimetres of soil. The GRACE (Gravity Recovery
and Climate Experiment) mission detected the variability in storage within
the total water column. However, root-zone soil moisture cannot be separated
from GRACE-observed total water storage anomalies without ancillary
information on surface water and groundwater changes. In this study, GRACE
total water storage anomalies and SMOS near-surface soil moisture
observations were jointly assimilated into a hydrological model globally to
better estimate the impact of changes in root-zone soil moisture on
vegetation vigour. Overall, the accuracy of root-zone soil moisture estimates
through the joint assimilation of surface soil moisture and total water
storage retrievals showed improved consistency with ground-based soil
moisture measurements and satellite-observed greenness when compared to
open-loop estimates (i.e. without assimilation). For example, the correlation
between modelled and in situ measurements of root-zone moisture increased
by 0.1 (from 0.48 to 0.58) and 0.12 (from 0.53 to 0.65) on average for
grasslands and croplands, respectively. Improved correlations were found
between vegetation greenness and soil water storage on both seasonal
variability and anomalies over water-limited regions. Joint assimilation
results show a more severe deficit in soil water anomalies in eastern
Australia, southern India and eastern Brazil over the period of 2010 to 2016
than the open-loop, consistent with the satellite-observed vegetation
greenness anomalies. The assimilation of satellite-observed water content
contributes to more accurate knowledge of soil water availability, providing
new insights for monitoring hidden water stress and vegetation conditions.
Remote sensing for the Spanish forests in the 21st century: a review of advances, needs, and opportunities
Authors: Gómez Cristina , Alejandro Pablo , Hermosilla Txomin , Montes Fernando , Pascual Cristina , Ruiz Luis Angel , Álvarez-Taboada Flor , Tanase Mihai , Valbuena Ruben
Published: February 2019

Forest ecosystems provide a host of services and societal benefits, including carbon storage, habitat for fauna, recreation, and provision of wood or non-wood products. In a context of complex demands on forest resources, identifying priorities for biodiversity and carbon budgets require accurate tools with sufficient temporal frequency. Moreover, understanding long term forest dynamics is necessary for sustainable planning and management. Remote sensing (RS) is a powerful means for analysis, synthesis and report, providing insights and contributing to inform decisions upon forest ecosystems. In this communication we review current applications of RS techniques in Spanish forests, examining possible trends, needs, and opportunities offered by RS in a forestry context. Currently, wall-to-wall optical and LiDAR data are extensively used for a wide range of applications—many times in combination—whilst radar or hyperspectral data are rarely used in the analysis of Spanish forests. Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) carrying visible and infrared sensors are gaining ground in acquisition of data locally and at small scale, particularly for health assessments. Forest fire identification and characterization are prevalent applications at the landscape scale, whereas structural assessments are the most widespread analyses carried out at limited extents. Unparalleled opportunities are offered by the availability of diverse RS data like those provided by the European Copernicus programme and recent satellite LiDAR launches, processing capacity, and synergies with other ancillary sources to produce information of our forests. Overall, we live in times of unprecedented opportunities for monitoring forest ecosystems with a growing support from RS technologies.
Mapeamento geomorfológico da Bacia Hidrográfica do Arroio Pelotas, RS
Authors: Megiato Érica Insaurriaga , Moura Nina Simone Vilaverde
Published: February 2019

O objetivo deste trabalho foi mapear a geomorfologia da Bacia Hidrográfica do Arroio Pelotas (BHAP) a partir da metodologia da compartimentação do relevo até o 3° táxon, onde foram mapeadas as Unidades dos Padrões de Formas Semelhantes do Relevo. O mapa de geomorfologia da BHAP apresentou oito classes distintas, das quais cinco foram mapeadas na morfoestrutura do Escudo Sul-riograndense, ocupando as respectivas porcentagens da área total da bacia: Morros com Topos Planos (11%), Morros com Topos Convexos e Vertentes Suaves (35%), Morros com Topos Convexos e Vertentes Íngremes (13%), Colinas com Topos Convexos (15%) e Planície Flúvio-coluvial (3%). Na unidade morfoestrutural da Bacia Sedimentar de Pelotas foram mapeadas três classes, ocupando as respectivas porcentagens da área de estudo: Planície Lagunar e Planície Lagunar com Dunas e Banhados (15%) e Planície Flúvio Lagunar (8%).
Gestão integrada dos recursos hídricos e a problemática das inundações urbanas
Authors: Peixoto Filipe da Silva , Rodrigues João Paulo Bezerra , Albuquerque Paulo Igor de Melo
Published: February 2019

As inundações e enchentes urbanas têm sido um dos principais problemas em muitas cidades. O presente ensaio busca delimitar esse fenômeno através das abordagens metodológicas mais utilizadas: perigo (hazards), susceptibilidade e vulnerabilidade socioambiental, além de indicar medidas de controle, possíveis caminhos e desafios para soluções propostas pela evolução e desenvolvimento da Gestão Integrada dos Recursos Hídricos - GIRH. Concepções integradas das inundações e enchentes urbanas vêm apontando para a necessidade de gestão dos riscos e identificação das vulnerabilidades socioambientais para a minimização das perdas de vidas e materiais. A GIRH possui potencial de fundamentar meios eficazes de equacionamento dos problemas das inundações e enchentes urbanas, tendo capacidade axial de integração entre políticas de recursos hídricos e uso do solo. No nível institucional, no caso brasileiro, o principal desafio é articular os interesses do município nas políticas de uso e ocupação do solo aos planos estaduais ou nacional dos recursos hídricos. Para superar esse desafio são necessários estudos na perspectiva holística do problema, de modo a subsidiar e justificar perante às autoridades a necessidade de políticas de uso e ocupação do solo vinculadas à gestão hídrica gerando maior participação dos municípios nos processos de efetivação da GIRH.
A TV Multimídia nas Práticas Pedagógicas dos Professores nas Escolas Públicas do Estado do Paraná: um diagnóstico a partir da Teoria da Atividade
Authors: Bianchessi Cleber , Mendes Ademir Aparecido Pinhelli
Published: February 2019

O artigo apresenta o resultado de uma investigação a respeito do uso da TV Multimídia nas práticas pedagógicas dos professores da Rede Pública Estadual do Paraná. Identifica a importância e a contribuição do aparelho para o processo de ensino e aprendizagem, bem como analisa a percepção docente acerca da permanência do equipamento no espaço escolar. Trata-se de uma pesquisa de abordagem metodológica quantiqualitativa com aplicação de questionário aos professores pelo formulário Google. Os dados coletados foram analisados por meio da Teoria da Atividade (LEONTIEV, 2014) a fim de compreender o processo em sua totalidade. Na pesquisa foram encontradas evidências de que os docentes que fazem uso do equipamento atribuem significação à sua experiência pedagógica mediada pelo instrumento tecnológico. Constatou-se que grande parte dos professores que responderam ao questionário utiliza a TV Multimídia, já que é o único equipamento multimídia disponível em sala de aula.
Dinâmicas do território em redes: o advento da ferrovia em Ipameri (GO)
Authors: Brandão Amanda Dias , Melo Mychelle Priscilla de , Mendes Estevane de Paula Pontes
Published: February 2019

A inserção de um território em redes suscita transformações na sua dinâmica. Nesta perspectiva, o presente trabalho objetiva analisar a instauração da Estrada de Ferro de Goiás em Ipameri e identificar os grupos hegemônicos responsáveis por sua efetuação. Para a realização deste artigo, a metodologia utilizada foi a pesquisa teórica e a pesquisa documental. No ano de 1913, a integração de Ipameri à Região Sudeste do país, por meio da ferrovia, resultou em seu pioneirismo e urbanização em face dos demais municípios goianos. Assim, Ipameri foi o primeiro do estado a ser contemplado com energia elétrica, telégrafo, agência do Banco do Brasil e cinema. Entretanto, no período de 1950-1980 o trecho da ferrovia que ligava Ipameri a Anápolis tornou-se obsoleto, em virtude da maior eficiência dos veículos automotivos, o que contribui para a estagnação de Ipameri. Portanto, ao longo do século XX, a dinâmica territorial deste município esteve articulada com a implementação da rede ferroviária.
Análise dos impactos dos vazios urbanos na produção do espaço da cidade de Terra Boa (PR), Brasil
Authors: Gusmão Paulo Sérgio , Bovo Marcos Clair
Published: February 2019

A pesquisa traz à tona uma temática pouco discutida na área de Geografia, ou seja, trata-se dos vazios urbanos que são espaços ociosos que atingem as cidades pequenas, médias e grandes. A produção desses espaços geram problemas e estão voltados para o atendimento de interesses particulares, especialmente aos dos agentes fundiários, ou para garantir a manutenção da especulação imobiliária por parte dos promotores imobiliários. Diante disso, os vazios urbanos impedem o cumprimento da função social da propriedade, quando não propicia a garantia da qualidade de vida da população. Fato esse que contribui, sobremaneira, para a segregação urbana ao impedir o acesso da maioria da população a esses terrenos devido ao alto custo que é resultado da especulação imobiliária, além de causar problemas ambientais e de proliferação de doenças. Assim sendo, a pesquisa objetiva analisar as condições de produção e de reprodução do fenômeno dos vazios urbanos inseridos na área central da cidade de Terra Boa-PR. Como aporte metodológico utilizou-se: pesquisa bibliográfica, levantamento de campo e referencial técnico. Os resultados indicam que os vazios urbanos, especificamente os especulativos, são uma realidade presente na área central de Terra Boa (PR), sendo que 6,38% dos imóveis são lotes não edificados, conservados com vista à valorização futura, por meio da especulação imobiliária.  Desse modo, constata-se que esse fenômeno ocorre nessa cidade por conter os elementos necessários ao atendimento dos interesses dos agentes produtores do espaço urbano.
Patients Undergoing Revision Microdiskectomy for Recurrent Lumbar Disk Herniation Experience Worse Clinical Outcomes and More Revision Surgeries Compared With Patients Undergoing a Primary Microdiskectomy
Authors: Nolte Michael T. , Basques Bryce A. , Louie Philip K. , Khan Jannat M. , Varthi Arya , Paul Justin , An Howard S.
Published: February 2019

Introduction:

Recurrent disk herniation treatment aims to optimize outcomes. This study compares the demographics and patient-reported outcomes of patients who underwent primary or revision lumbar microdiskectomy surgery for recurrent disk herniation.

Methods:

A retrospective cohort analysis was performed of consecutive patients who underwent primary or revision lumbar microdiskectomies between January 2008 and December 2015. Patients were divided into two groups: primary (primary) and revision (recurrent). Herniated disks were confirmed preoperatively using MRI. Patient-reported outcomes included Visual Analog Scales (VAS) scores for the back and leg, Oswestry Disability Index scores, 12-Item Short Form Mental and Physical Survey scores, and the Veterans RAND 12-Item Health Mental and Physical Survey scores.

Results:

One hundred ten patients met inclusion criteria: 72 from primary cohort and 38 from recurrent cohort. Recurrent patients experienced presurgical symptoms for significantly less time. On bivariate analysis, recurrent patients reported significantly worse preoperative VAS-back and VAS-leg scores. On multivariate analysis, recurrent patients reported significantly worse postoperative VAS-back, VAS-leg, and Oswestry Disability Index scores. Recurrent patients were less likely to be satisfied with surgical outcomes and to feel that surgery had met or exceeded their expectations.

Conclusion:

Patients undergoing revision microdiskectomy are likely to experience worse postoperative symptoms and disability relative to patients undergoing primary microdiskectomy.
Ankle Injuries in Dancers
Authors: Vosseller J. Turner , Dennis Elizabeth R. , Bronner Shaw
Published: February 2019

The term dance encompasses a broad range of different styles; much of the orthopaedic literature has focused on ballet dancers. Injury is common in dancers at all levels, and many serious dancers sustain multiple injuries as they progress through their career. Foot and ankle injuries are among the most common injuries experienced by dancers. These injuries include those that are specific to dancers because of the unique physical maneuvers required to effectively perform, but they can also include common injuries that may require relatively different treatment because of the physical demands of the dancer. Os trigonum syndrome and flexor hallucis longus tenosynovitis generally fall into the former category as they are injuries that are more prevalent in dancers due to the extreme plantarflexion involved in dancing, especially ballet, and the relative demand placed on the toe flexors, most notably the flexor hallucis longus. On the other hand, anterior ankle impingement occurs both in dancers and in the general public. In many cases, a team approach to treatment with knowledgeable physical therapists can obviate the need for surgical treatment. If surgical treatment proves necessary, good results can be achieved with sound surgical technique and a well thought-out rehabilitation program.
Principal Component Analysis and Its Derivation From Singular Value Decomposition
Authors: Cynthia Orumie, Ukamaka , Onyinyechi Ogbonna
Published: February 2019

Generally, today data analysts and researchers are often faced with a daunting task of reducing high dimensional datasets as large volume of data can be easily generated given the explosive activities of the internet. The most widely used tools for data reduction is the principal component analysis. Merely in some cases, the singular value decomposition method is applied. The study examined the application and theoretical framework of these methods in terms of its linear algebra foundation. The study discovered that the SVD method is a more robust and general method for a change of basis and low rank approximations. But.in terms of application, the PCA method is easy to interpret as illustrated in the work.