Dynamics of Changes in Surface Electromyography Parameters in Patients Prosthesised with Implant-Supported Structures
Authors: Frantsuz Uliana , Rozhko Mykola 
Published: December 2024

Surface electromyography remains one of the main methods of monitoring the treatment of the maxillofacial area.
Purpose. To study the dynamics of changes in surface electromyography parameters in patients with unilateral end defects of small length, who were treated with orthopaedic structures supported by implants using standard and improved methods.
Methods. We treated 63 patients aged 40-50 years with existing tooth loss, final unilateral defects of Kennedy class 2 in the lower jaw, who were treated with 63 metal-ceramic bridge prostheses supported by implants, which were divided into two groups: group 1 (n=31) – patients with unilateral final defects of the dentition in the lower jaw, who underwent orthopaedic treatment and preventive measures according to the standard method and group 2 (n=32) – patients who received an improved algorithm of treatment and preventive measures during the treatment stages and for the next 9 months after the fixation of orthopaedic structures. Patients of the main groups and the control group (n=30) underwent electromyographic examination of the m.masseter and m.temporalis by the method of surface electromyography.
Results. An electromyographic study of the m. masseter and m. temporalis in the state of maximum jaw compression was performed. It was found that before treatment, the electromyographic parameters of the m.masseter on the side of the dentition defect were lower than on the intact side and in the control group. A surge in activity, a sharp increase in the numerical data, was observed a week after fixation, which is associated with adaptation processes and screw unwinding. The next trend was the presence of a mutually compensatory mechanism, characterised by a simultaneous change in the indicators (decrease and increase) on the defective side for m.masseter and m.temporalis on the intact side. Long-term results demonstrated effective adaptation to orthopaedic structures in patients of both main groups, but indicators closer to those of the control group were observed in patients of group 2, indicating the effectiveness of the proposed method of impression taking and fixation of the orthopaedic structure using A-silicone impression material of increased density for reinforcement of transfers and the use of oxygen-containing gel for fixation of the orthopaedic structure.
Conclusion. It has been established that the manufacture of implant-supported bridge prostheses significantly affects the functioning of the dentoalveolar system. The most optimal is the use of the proposed method of taking impressions with the reinforcement of transfers using A-silicone impression mass to fix the occlusal relations and fixation of the orthopaedic structure using oxygen-containing gel to fill the implant shafts after dental manipulations and sterile Teflon tape. In this case, there is no significant screw loosening, adaptation to the orthopaedic structure is more efficient and faster, there is no imbalance of the masticatory muscle group, which indicates the absence of a negative adaptation reaction from the dentoalveolar system.