bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Embryology of the acetabular labral-chondral complex
Authors: Cashin M. , Uhthoff H. , O’Neill M. , Beaulé P. E.
Published: July 2008

Damage to and repair of the acetabular labral-chondral complex are areas of clinical interest in the treatment of young adults with pain in the hip and in the prevention of degenerative arthritis of the hip. There are varying theories as to why most acetabular tears are located anterosuperiorly. We have studied the prenatal development of the human acetabular labral-chondral complex in 11 fetal hips, aged from eight weeks of gestation to term.

There were consistent differences between the anterior and posterior acetabular labral-chondral complex throughout all ages of gestation. The anterior labrum had a somewhat marginal attachment to the acetabular cartilage with an intra-articular projection. The posterior labrum was attached and continuous with the acetabular cartilage. Anteriorly, the labral-chondral transition zone was sharp and abrupt, but posteriorly it was gradual and interdigitated. The collagen fibres of the anterior labrum were arranged parallel to the labral-chondral junction, but at the posterior labrum they were aligned perpendicular to the junction.

We believe that in the anterior labrum the marginal attachment and the orientation of the collagen fibres parallel to the labral-chondral junction may render it more prone to damage than the posterior labrum in which the collagen fibres are anchored in the acetabular cartilage. The anterior intra-articular projection of the labrum should not be considered to be a pathological feature.
The evaluation of post-operative alignment in total knee replacement using a CT-based navigation system
Authors: Mizu-uchi H. , Matsuda S. , Miura H. , Okazaki K. , Akasaki Y. , Iwamoto Y.
Published: July 2008

We compared the alignment of 39 total knee replacements implanted using the conventional alignment guide system with 37 implanted using a CT-based navigation system, performed by a single surgeon. The knees were evaluated using full-length weight-bearing anteroposterior radiographs, lateral radiographs and CT scans.

The mean hip-knee-ankle angle, coronal femoral component angle and coronal tibial component angle were 181.8° (174.2° to 188.3°), 88.5° (84.0° to 91.8°) and 89.7° (86.3° to 95.1°), respectively for the conventional group and 180.8° (178.2° to 185.1°), 89.3° (85.8° to 92.0°) and 89.9° (88.0° to 93.0°), respectively for the navigated group.

The mean sagittal femoral component angle was 85.5° (80.6° to 92.8°) for the conventional group and 89.6° (85.5° to 94.0°) for the navigated group.

The mean rotational femoral and tibial component angles were −0.7° (−8.8° to 9.8°) and −3.3° (−16.8° to 5.8°) for the conventional group and −0.6° (−3.5° to 3.0°) and 0.3° (−5.3° to 7.7°) for the navigated group.

The ideal angles of all alignments in the navigated group were obtained at significantly higher rates than in the conventional group. Our results demonstrated significant improvements in component positioning with a CT-based navigation system, especially with respect to rotational alignment.
Ossicles associated with chronic pain around the malleoli of the ankle
Authors: Han S. H. , Choi W. J. , Kim S. , Kim S.-J. , Lee J. W.
Published: July 2008

We undertook a retrospective review of 24 arthroscopic procedures in patients with symptomatic ossicles around the malleoli of the ankle. Most of the patients had a history of injury and localised tenderness in the area coinciding with the radiological findings. Contrast-enhanced three-dimensional fast-spoiled gradient-echo MRI was performed and the results compared with the arthroscopic findings. An enhanced signal surrounding soft tissue corresponding to synovial inflammation and impingement was found in 20 patients (83%). The arthroscopic findings correlated well with those of our MRI technique and the sensitivity was estimated to be 91%. At a mean follow-up of 30.5 months (20 to 86) the mean American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society score improved from 74.5 to 93 points (p < 0.001). Overall, the rate of patient satisfaction was 88%.

Our results indicate that symptomatic ossicles of the malleoli respond well to arthroscopic treatment.
Recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein-2 for grade III open segmental tibial fractures from combat injuries in Iraq
Authors: Kuklo T. R. , Groth A T. , Anderson R. C. , Frisch H. M. , Islinger R. B.
Published: July 2008

This article has been retracted, an editorial will follow.
Femoral impaction bone allografting with an Exeter cemented collarless, polished, tapered stem in revision hip replacement
Authors: Wraighte P. J. , Howard P. W.
Published: July 2008

Femoral impaction bone allografting has been developed as a means of restoring bone stock in revision total hip replacement. We report the results of 75 consecutive patients (75 hips) with a mean age of 68 years (35 to 87) who underwent impaction grafting using the Exeter collarless, polished, tapered femoral stem between 1992 and 1998.

The mean follow-up period was 10.5 years (6.3 to 14.1). The median pre-operative bone defect score was 3 (interquartile range (IQR) 2 to 3) using the Endo-Klinik classification.

The median subsidence at one year post-operatively was 2 mm (IQR 1 to 3). At the final review the median Harris hip score was 80.6 (IQR 67.6 to 88.9) and the median subsidence 2 mm (IQR 1 to 4). Incorporation of the allograft into trabecular bone and secondary remodelling were noted radiologically at the final follow-up in 87% (393 of 452 zones) and 40% (181 of 452 zones), respectively.

Subsidence of the Exeter stem correlated with the pre-operative Endo-Klinik bone loss score (p = 0.037). The degree of subsidence at one year had a strong association with long-term subsidence (p < 0.001). There was a significant correlation between previous revision surgery and a poor Harris Hip score (p = 0.028), and those who had undergone previous revision surgery for infection had a higher risk of complications (p = 0.048). Survivorship at 10.5 years with any further femoral operation as the end-point was 92% (95% confidence interval 82 to 97).
Sural nerve grafting for long defects of the femoral nerve after resection of a retroperitoneal tumour
Authors: Tsuchihara T. , Nemoto K. , Arino H. , Amako M. , Murakami H. , Yoshizumi Y.
Published: July 2008

Most injuries to the femoral nerve are iatrogenic in origin and occur during resection of large retroperitoneal tumours. When the defect is considerable a nerve graft is mandatory to avoid tension across the suture line. We describe two cases of iatrogenic femoral nerve injury which recovered well after reconstruction with long sural nerve grafts.

The probable reasons for success were that we performed the grafting soon after the injury, the patients were not too old, the nerve repairs were reinforced with fibrin glue and electrical stimulation of the quadriceps was administered to prevent muscle atrophy. Good functional results may be obtained if these conditions are satisfied even if the length of a nerve graft is more than 10 cm.
The safety and efficacy of bilateral simultaneous total hip replacement
Authors: Tsiridis E. , Pavlou G. , Charity J. , Tsiridis Ev. , Gie G. , West R.
Published: July 2008

Comparison of the safety and efficacy of bilateral simultaneous total hip replacement (THR) and that of staged bilateral THR and unilateral THR was conducted using DerSimonian-Laird heterogeneity meta-analysis. A review of the English-language literature identified 23 citations eligible for inclusion. A total of 2063 bilateral simultaneous THR patients were identified. Meta-analysis of homogeneous data revealed no statistically significant differences in the rates of thromboembolic events (p = 0.268 and p = 0.365) and dislocation (p = 0.877) when comparing staged or unilateral with bilateral simultaneous THR procedures. A systematic analysis of heterogeneous data demonstrated that the mean length of hospital stay was shorter after bilateral simultaneous THR. Higher blood transfusion requirements were expected following bilateral simultaneous THR than staged or unilateral THR, and surgical time was not different between groups. This procedure was also found to be economically and functionally efficacious when performed by experienced surgeons in specialist centres.
Computer-assisted and conventional total knee replacement
Authors: Lützner J. , Krummenauer F. , Wolf C. , Günther K.-P. , Kirschner S.
Published: July 2008

After obtaining informed consent, 80 patients were randomised to undergo a navigated or conventional total knee replacement. All received a cemented, unconstrained, cruciate-retaining implant with a rotating platform. Full-length standing and lateral radiographs and CT scans of the hip, knee and ankle joint were carried out five to seven days after operation.

No notable differences were found between computer-assisted navigation and conventional implantation techniques as regards the rotational alignment of the femoral or tibial components. Although the deviation from the transepicondylar axis was relatively low, there was a considerable range of deviation for the tibial rotational alignment. There was no statistically significant difference regarding the occurrence pattern of outliers in mechanical malalignment but the number of outliers was reduced in the navigated group.
Pre-operative injections of epoetin-α versus post-operative retransfusion of autologous shed blood in total hip and knee replacement
Authors: Moonen A. F. C. M. , Thomassen B. J. W. , Knoors N. T. , van Os J. J. , Verburg A. D. , Pilot P.
Published: July 2008

This prospective randomised clinical trial evaluated the effect of alternatives for allogeneic blood transfusions after total hip replacement and total knee replacement in patients with pre-operative haemoglobin levels between 10.0 g/dl and 13.0 g/dl. A total of 100 patients were randomly allocated to the Eprex (pre-operative injections of epoetin) or Bellovac groups (post-operative retransfusion of shed blood). Allogeneic blood transfusions were administered according to hospital policy.

In the Eprex group, 4% of the patients (two patients) received at least one allogeneic blood transfusion. In the Bellovac group, where a mean 216 ml (0 to 700) shed blood was retransfused, 28% (14 patients) required the allogeneic transfusion (p = 0.002). When comparing Eprex with Bellovac in total hip replacement, the percentages were 7% (two of 30 patients) and 30% (nine of 30 patients) (p = 0.047) respectively, whereas in total knee replacement, the percentages were 0% (0 of 20 patients) and 25% (five of 20 patients) respectively (p = 0.042).

Pre-operative epoetin injections are more effective but more costly in reducing the need for allogeneic blood transfusions in mildly anaemic patients than post-operative retransfusion of autologous blood.
Transfer of pectoralis major for the treatment of irreparable tears of subscapularis
Authors: Elhassan B. , Ozbaydar M. , Massimini D. , Diller D. , Higgins L. , Warner J. J. P.
Published: July 2008

Transfer of pectoralis major has evolved as the most favoured option for the management of the difficult problem of irreparable tears of subscapularis. We describe our experience with this technique in 30 patients divided into three groups. Group I comprised 11 patients with a failed procedure for instability of the shoulder, group II included eight with a failed shoulder replacement and group III, 11 with a massive tear of the rotator cuff. All underwent transfer of the sternal head of pectoralis major to restore the function of subscapularis.

At the latest follow-up pain had improved in seven of the 11 patients in groups I and III, but in only one of eight in group II. The subjective shoulder score improved in seven patients in group I, in one in group II and in six in group III. The mean Constant score improved from 40.9 points (28 to 50) in group I, 32.9 (17 to 47) in group II and 28.7 (20 to 42) in group III pre-operatively to 60.8 (28 to 89), 41.9 (24 to 73) and 52.3 (24 to 78), respectively.

Failure of the tendon transfer was highest in group II and was associated with pre-operative anterior subluxation of the humeral head. We conclude that in patients with irreparable rupture of subscapularis after shoulder replacement there is a high risk of failure of transfer of p?ctoralis major, particularly if there is pre-operative anterior subluxation of the humeral head.
Identification of nanometre-sized ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene wear particles in samples retrieved in vivo
Authors: Richards L. , Brown C. , Stone M. H. , Fisher J. , Ingham E. , Tipper J. L.
Published: July 2008

Nanometre-sized particles of ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene have been identified in the lubricants retrieved from hip simulators. Tissue samples were taken from seven failed Charnley total hip replacements, digested using strong alkali and analysed using high-resolution field emission gun-scanning electron microscopy to determine whether nanometre-sized particles of polyethylene debris were generated in vivo. A randomised method of analysis was used to quantify and characterise all the polyethylene particles isolated.

We isolated nanometre-sized particles from the retrieved tissue samples. The smallest identified was 30 nm and the majority were in the 0.1 μm to 0.99 μm size range. Particles in the 1.0 μm to 9.99 μm size range represented the highest proportion of the wear volume of the tissue samples, with 35% to 98% of the total wear volume comprised of particles of this size. The number of nanometre-sized particles isolated from the tissues accounted for only a small proportion of the total wear volume. Further work is required to assess the biological response to nanometre-sized polyethylene particles.
The myofascial compartments of the foot
Authors: Ling Z. X. , Kumar V. P.
Published: July 2008

Compartment syndrome of the foot requires urgent surgical treatment. Currently, there is still no agreement on the number and location of the myofascial compartments of the foot. The aim of this cadaver study was to provide an anatomical basis for surgical decompression in the event of compartment syndrome. We found that there were three tough vertical fascial septae that extended from the hindfoot to the midfoot on the plantar aspect of the foot. These septae separated the posterior half of the foot into three compartments. The medial compartment containing the abductor hallucis was surrounded medially by skin and subcutaneous fat and laterally by the medial septum. The intermediate compartment, containing the flexor digitorum brevis and the quadratus plantae more deeply, was surrounded by the medial septum medially, the intermediate septum laterally and the main plantar aponeurosis on its plantar aspect. The lateral compartment containing the abductor digiti minimi was surrounded medially by the intermediate septum, laterally by the lateral septum and on its plantar aspect by the lateral band of the main plantar aponeurosis. No distinct myofascial compartments exist in the forefoot.

Based on our findings, in theory, fasciotomy of the hindfoot compartments through a modified medial incision would be sufficient to decompress the foot.
Infant imitation from television using novel touch screen technology
Authors: Zack Elizabeth , Barr Rachel , Gerhardstein Peter , Dickerson Kelly , Meltzoff Andrew N.
Published: July 2008

Infants learn less from a televised demonstration than from a live demonstration, the video deficit effect. The present study employs a novel approach, using touch screen technology to examine 15‐month olds' transfer of learning. Infants were randomly assigned either to within‐dimension (2D/2D or 3D/3D) or cross‐dimension (3D/2D or 2D/3D) conditions. For the within‐dimension conditions, an experimenter demonstrated an action by pushing a virtual button on a 2D screen or a real button on a 3D object. Infants were then given the opportunity to imitate using the same screen or object. For the 3D/2D condition, an experimenter demonstrated the action on the 3D object, and infants were given the opportunity to reproduce the action on a 2D touch screen (and vice versa for the 2D/3D condition). Infants produced significantly fewer target actions in the cross‐dimension conditions than in the within‐dimension conditions. These findings have important implications for infants' understanding and learning from 2D images and for their using 2D media as the basis of actions in the real world.
Videobasierte Handgestenerkennung: Anforderungen und Umsetzung für die Interaktion an horizontalen Anzeigen (Video-Based Hand Gesture Recognition: Requirements and Realization for the Interaction at Tabletops)
Authors: Bader Thomas
Published: July 2008

Der Einsatz großflächiger tischartiger Anzeigen ermöglicht durch die Bereitstellung einer gemeinsamen interaktiven Plattform die computergestützte kooperative Zusammenarbeit eines Teams an einem gemeinsamen Arbeitsplatz. Herkömmliche Eingabegeräte, wie beispielsweise Maus und Tastatur, sind für die Interaktion an solchen Arbeitsplätzen nicht geeignet. Die Eingabe per Handgestik ermöglicht hingegen eine intuitive gleichzeitige Interaktion durch mehrere Benutzer für bestimmte Interaktionsaufgaben. In diesem Beitrag wird die zur videobasierten Erfassung der Hand zu Eingabezwecken an großflächigen tischartigen Anzeigen durchzuführende maschinelle Wahrnehmungsaufgabe definiert. Dabei werden die ergonomischen Anforderungen an eine solche Mensch-Maschine-Schnittstelle berücksichtigt. Es werden effiziente Verfahren zur Handgestenerkennung vorgestellt und gezeigt, wie durch ansichten- und konturbasierte Repräsentation von Handsymbolen Anforderungen hinsichtlich Umfang, Genauigkeit und Verarbeitungsgeschwindigkeit der definierten Wahrnehmungsaufgabe erfüllt werden können.
Fahrspurerkennung in der Innenstadt mit probabilistischen und evidenztheoretischen Modellen (Lane Detection in Urban Environments Using Models of Probability and Evidence Theory)
Authors: Duchow Christian , Friedl Martin
Published: July 2008

Dieser Beitrag stellt zwei Verfahren zur videobasierten innerstädtischen Fahrspurerkennung vor. Diese Verfahren werden den besonderen Herausforderungen innerstädtischer Verkehrsszenarien durch eine probabilistische bzw. evidenztheoretische Modellierung in Kombination mit einem flexiblen Spurmodell gerecht. Als Merkmal wird die lokale Orientierung und die Anisotropie des Videobilds verwendet. Die Wahrscheinlichkeitsdichten bzw. Massefunktionen werden aufgestellt, die Fusionsstrategien diskutiert und Ergebnisse vorgestellt.
Fusion kombinierter Stereo- und Fokusserien zur 3D-Rekonstruktion (Fusion of Combined Stereo and Focus Series for 3D Reconstruction)
Authors: Gheta Ioana , Heizmann Michael , Beyerer Jürgen
Published: July 2008

Um 3D-Information aus Bildern auch für Szenen mit schwacher oder periodischer Struktur mit hoher Robustheit zu erzeugen, werden kombinierte Stereo- und Fokusserien fusioniert. Dazu wird eine Kombination von depth from stereo und depth from (de)focus verwendet. Zur Analyse des Problems wird ein Signalmodell vorgestellt, das die Abbildung durch ein Kamera-Array bei Defokussierung strahlenoptisch beschreibt. Zur Formulierung der Fusionsaufgabe dient ein Energiefunktional, das mittels numerischer Standardverfahren minimiert wird. Die erzielten Ergebnisse der Fusionsmethode an unterschiedlichen Szenen zeigen eine erhebliche Verbesserung der Tiefenschätzung gegenüber Standardverfahren.
Correlação dos fatores condicionantes básicos para o autocuidado dos pacientes pós-revascularização do miocárdio
Authors: Lima Francisca Elisângela Teixeira , Araújo Thelma Leite de
Published: July 2008

Objetivou-se correlacionar ações de autocuidado desenvolvidas por pacientes que realizaram revascularização do miocárdio (RM) com as variáveis: gênero, idade, ocupação, estado civil e antecedentes familiares para alterações cardiovasculares. Estudo exploratório-descritivo, realizado em um hospital de cardiologia, Fortaleza-CE, com 52 pacientes que haviam realizado há pelo menos um ano, a cirurgia pela primeira vez. Os pacientes apresentaram como perfil: maioria homens (53,84%), com idade > a 65 anos (59,61%), aposentados (71,15%), casados (63,46%), com antecedentes familiares para alterações cardiovasculares (67,30%). Correlacionando a prática de autocuidado e variáveis independentes, verificou-se correlação maior com o sexo feminino, idade elevada, casados e com antecedentes familiares de alterações cardiovasculares. Conclui-se que os pacientes avaliados mantêm um grau satisfatório de autocuidado, reforçando a importância do processo de orientação desenvolvido em equipe, de forma contínua e com diferentes abordagens para proporcionar ao paciente após RM condições para realizar a prática de autocuidado.
Qualidade de vida e severidade da doença em idosos renais crônicos
Authors: Souza Fabiana Ferreira de , Cintra Fernanda Aparecida , Gallani Maria Cecília B. Jaime
Published: July 2008

O objetivo da pesquisa foi verificar, em uma população de idosos com Insuficiência Renal Crônica Terminal (IRCT) em hemodiálise ambulatorial, a relação entre uma medida genérica de qualidade de vida (WHOQOL-breve) e a medida de severidade da IRCT (ESRD-SI Índice de Severidade da IRCT). Trata-se de um estudo correlacional de corte transversal, realizado em duas clínicas de terapia renal substitutiva, com 100 idosos portadores de IRCT, em tratamento hemodialítico há pelo menos seis meses. A análise mostrou que os domínios do WHOQOL-breve correlacionaram-se negativamente com a severidade da ICRT, exceto os domínios psicológico e meio ambiente. Além disso, todos os domínios do WHOQOL-breve mostraram poder de discriminar os sujeitos em relação à severidade da doença.
O estresse da equipe multiprofissional na Sala de Cirurgia
Authors: Caregnato Rita Catalina de Aquino , Lautert Liana
Published: July 2008

Este artigo é um estudo de caso que apresenta os estressores comuns, respostas, manejos individuais e coletivos dos profissionais que atuam na sala de cirurgia. Os dados foram coletados por entrevistas com 32 sujeitos da equipe multiprofissional, submetidas à análise de conteúdo, emergindo seis categorias: vivências significativas do estresse; situações que geram estresse; comportamento individual na sala de cirurgia; manejo do estresse; responsabilidades e comprometimentos; manifestações comportamentais. Embora intercorrências com pacientes gerem vivências marcantes, o paciente foi considerado menor gerador de estresse nos profissionais, sendo as relações interpessoais os estressores mais freqüentes e significativos. Para o enfrentamento das situações de estresse os profissionais utilizam o manejo centrado no problema, centrado na emoção, manobras de alívio e desenvolvimento das relações sociais.
Instrumento para mensuração de atitudes frente ao processo de avaliação de desempenho
Authors: Gonçalves Vera Lúcia Mira , Leite Maria Madalena Januário
Published: July 2008

O artigo descreve a construção de um instrumento do tipo Escala Likert para mensuração de atitudes dos enfermeiros que vivenciam o processo de avaliação de desempenho desenvolvido no Departamento de Enfermagem do Hospital Universitário da Universidade de São Paulo. O instrumento construído permitiu conhecer as crenças, sentimentos e capacitação dos enfermeiros participantes da pesquisa. Os resultados dos testes de confiabilidade, validação de juizes, Alpha de Cronbach e Correlação de Spearman-Brown, mostraram que o instrumento é confiável podendo ser aplicado a outras populações.
Refletindo sobre a malformação congênita
Authors: Santos Rosângela da Silva , Dias Iêda Maria Vargas
Published: July 2008

O estudo constituiu-se em uma revisão bibliográfica sobre malformações congênitas. Os objetivos consistem em fazer um levantamento da produção de enfermagem sobre o tema, apresentando as atuais contribuições referente às questões relacionadas as malformações congênitas e propiciar uma reflexão da atuação dos profissionais de enfermagem frente esta situação. Como resultados a revisão localizou estudos que foram categorizados em unidades temáticas: percepção materna, questões familiares, projeto de monitorização e assistência de enfermagem nas anomalias específicas. A conclusão aponta que a assistência adequada a ser prestada à criança com malformação congênita, demanda além de treinamento técnico, habilidade e sensibilidade da equipe multidisciplinar, o que a torna capaz de perceber e intervir na dimensão bio psicossocial e espiritual da criança e da família.
Administração de medicamentos por via subcutânea: convenção ou controvérsia para a enfermagem?
Authors: Reichembach Mitsy Tânnia , Meier Marineli Joaquim , Aschidamini Ione Maria
Published: July 2008

A administração correta e segura de medicamentos, independentemente da forma, é de responsabilidade da equipe de enfermagem. A essa equipe são necessários conhecimentos e habilidades específicos, bem como atualização contínua dos processos que envolvem tais cuidados. Este artigo tem como objetivo tecer considerações com base em conhecimentos sobre o tema, adequando-os à prática comum dos enfermeiros. Para isso, apresentamos uma revisão da literatura que aborda os principais métodos de aplicação de fármacos por via subcutânea. Em seguida, discutimos alguns aspectos para o aprimoramento dos profissionais, a fim de que a administração de medicamentos seja satisfatória e segura no processo de cuidar.
Cuidar-educando em enfermagem: passaporte para o aprender/educar/cuidar em saúde
Authors: Ferraz Fabiane , Silva Luzia Wilma Santana da , Silva Luiz Anildo Anacleto da , Reibnitz Kenya Schimidt , Backes Vânia Marli Schubert
Published: July 2008

Trata-se de um ensaio sobre o cuidar e o educar em enfermagem a partir de uma abordagem convergente integrativa entre os enfoques, elucidando que o processo dialógico entre o sujeito cuidador e sujeito-cidadão do cuidado deve ocorrer numa perspectiva problematizadora, contextualizada e transversalizada entre os dois mundos conceituais que envolvem a relação do ser humano. Mostra ainda, que para o profissional exercer o cuidar e o educar, ele precisa usar um "passaporte" que o conduza a diferentes "escalas" de saberes de forma criativa, estética, ética, política e técnica. Na qual o educar potencializa a capacidade do cuidar e a utilização deste, o capacita para intervir de forma construtiva/reflexiva, singular/plural, dinâmica/flexível, num determinado contexto histórico cultural de relações entre os sujeitos.
Versatilidade do retalho musculocutâneo do tensor da fáscia lata
Authors: Ramos Rogério dos Santos , Cunha Marcelo Sacramento , Jesus Rodolfo Oliveira de , Basílio Igor de Almeida , Figuerêdo Adson , Fadul Luiza Cavalcanti
Published: July 2008

OBJETIVO: Relatar a experiência com a utilização do retalho musculocutâneo do tensor da fáscia lata (TFL em diferentes situações clínicas, evidenciando suas diversas aplicações, analisando e discutindo as indicações, resultados e complicações. MÉTODO: Entre janeiro de 2003 e dezembro de 2005 dezessete retalhos miocutâneos do TFL foram realizados para cobertura cutânea em uma variedade de defeitos em quinze pacientes.Durante o ato operatório a equipe optou pelo posicionamento do paciente em decúbito lateral em oposição ao lado da lesão a ser reparada. RESULTADOS: Houve sucesso com cobertura cutânea adequada em todos os casos. Em quatro destes ocorreu necessidade de enxerto de pele parcial na área doadora. Em dois casos houve isquemia distal do retalho e em um aconteceu pequena deiscência de sutura em zona doadora. CONCLUSÃO: O retalho miocutâneo do tensor da fáscia lata, portanto, possibilita uma excelente cobertura cutânea para tratamento de defeitos em diversos segmentos anatômicos com pouca morbidade em área doadora.
Indicações e resultados da ressecção cirúrgica do hemangioma hepático: indications and results
Authors: Leonardi Marília Iracema , Ataíde Elaine Cristina de , Boin Ilka de Fátima Santana Ferreira , Leonardi Luiz Sérgio
Published: July 2008

OBJETIVO: Apresentar os resultados do tratamento cirúrgico em pacientes portadores de hemangioma hepático. MÉTODO: Foram estudados 20 pacientes portadores de hemangioma hepático cavernoso, operados entre fevereiro de 1991 e fevereiro de 2005. A idade dos pacientes variou de 16 a 72 anos (média de 42 anos) com predomínio do sexo feminino (80%), sendo que 85% deles eram sintomáticos. Todos os pacientes foram submetidos à ultrassonografia abdominal (US) e à tomografia computadorizada contrastada (TC). Utilizou-se incisão abdominal subcostal bilateral associada à incisão mediana. RESULTADOS: Durante o período de seguimento clínico não se constataram recidiva de sintomas ou de hemangioma. A morbidade pós-operatória representada por infecção da ferida cirúrgica foi observada em um (5%) paciente, insuficiência hepática leve em 40% e moderada em 15% que apresentaram evolução clínica satisfatória com o tratamento clínico instituido; em um (5%) verificou-se a ocorrência de bilioma que necessitou drenagem por punção abdominal. A maioria dos pacientes retornou as atividades habituais até o 3º. mês de pós-operatório. Não ocorreram óbitos nesta série de pacientes. CONCLUSÃO: A ressecção cirúrgica do hemangioma hepático, gigante ou sintomático, é opção de tratamento segura e eficaz, sendo que a extensão da ressecção varia de acordo com a localização e tamanho.
Efeitos da aplicação tópica do mel de Melipona subnitida em feridas infectadas de ratos
Authors: Alves Diego Felipe Sampaio , Cabral Júnior Francisco das Chagas , Cabral Pedro Paulo de Arruda Câmara , Oliveira Junior Ruy Medeiros de , Rego Amália Cínthia Meneses do , Medeiros Aldo Cunha
Published: July 2008

OBJETIVO: Avaliar efeitos do uso tópico do mel da abelha silvestre Melipona subnitida na evolução de feridas infectadas de pele. MÉTODO: Ratos Wistar foram distribuídos aleatoriamente em grupos de 6, anestesiados com tiopental sódico 20mg/Kg IP e cetamina 30mg/Kg IM e submetidos a exérese de segmento de 1 cm² de pele total do dorso. Os ratos do grupo C (não infectado) foram tratados com solução salina sobre a ferida diariamente e no grupo MEL (não infectado) as feridas foram tratadas com mel uma vez por dia. Nos grupos C/I e MEL/I as feridas foram inoculadas com solução polimicrobiana. Culturas foram feitas 24 horas após. Caracterizada a infecção, as feridas foram tratadas com solução salina e mel, respectivamente. No terceiro dia de tratamento foi feita nova cultura. Após epitelização foi contado o tempo de cicatrização e as feridas foram biopsiadas para histopatologia e dosagem de TNF-α, IL-1β e IL-6 no tecido. RESULTADOS: O tempo médio de cicatrização do grupo MEL/I foi menor que nos demais grupos (P<0,05). Verificou-se que a densidade de colágeno, leucócitos, fibroblastos e dosagem de citocinas (especialmente TNF) foi maior no grupo infectado e tratado com mel que nos demais grupos. Houve significante redução de bactérias Gram-negativas e positivas nas feridas após o tratamento com mel. CONCLUSÃO: O uso tópico de mel de Melipona subnitida em feridas infectadas da pele de ratos estimulou a resposta imunológica, reduziu a infecção e o tempo de cicatrização.
O cirurgião e a atual conjuntura
Authors: Schanaider Alberto
Published: July 2008

A formação profissional do cirurgião demanda longos anos e se estende muito além do Curso de Graduação. A aquisição de destrezas para o exercício da prática profissional será aperfeiçoada na Residência Médica, mas tão somente a atuação nos diversos cenários que se apresentam no campo cirúrgico irá prepará-lo para as intempéries do campo operatório. A realização de uma pós-graduação stricto sensu não lhe trará bagagem para a atividade assistencial, mas desenvolverá o gosto pelo ensino, pesquisa e quiçá servirá de estímulo para uma opção a carreira docente.
Behavior of humpback whales, Megaptera novaeangliae (Cetacea: Balaenopteridae): comparisons between two coastal areas of Brazil
Authors: Lunardi Diana G. , Engel Márcia H. , Macedo Regina H. F.
Published: July 2008

Behavior of humpback whales was observed during the reproductive period off the northern coast of the state of Bahia (NB, n = 378 groups) and at the Abrolhos Bank (AB, n = 919) to compare patterns and group composition between the two locations. Alone individuals and dyads were most often encountered in both areas, although mother-calf pairs were more common in AB. While these two regions comprise distinct concentrations of humpback whales, with intrinsic environmental differences, behavior patterns were quite similar. The only behavioral differences found where for "tail up" and "resting". The patterns found here may reflect differences in the protection status of the areas or intrinsic environmental differences.
Site fidelity of Sotalia guianensis (Cetacea: Delphinidae) in Sepetiba Bay, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
Authors: Nery Mariana F. , Espécie Mariana de A. , Simão Sheila M.
Published: July 2008

Estuarine dolphins, Sotalia guianensis (Van Bénéden, 1864), were identified in Sepetiba Bay (22º35'S, 44º03'W), state of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, between February 1994 and July 2006 using the photo-identification method. A total of 72 surveys resulted in the identification and cataloguing of 217 individual dolphins. Seventy-nine (36%) were resighted at least once during the study period. The average interval between resightings was 40,6 ± 31,1 months. Large numbers of mother-and-calf pairs were recorded during the 12 years and new individuals were frequently encountered in the photographic records. These results suggest that part of the dolphin population is more consistently found in Sepetiba Bay, probably for feeding and reproduction, while other individuals use the Bay only sporadically.
Biologia do caranguejo-uçá, Ucides cordatus (Crustacea: Decapoda: Brachyura), na Baía da Babitonga, Santa Catarina, Brasil
Authors: Wunderlich Alison C. , Pinheiro Marcelo A. A. , Rodrigues Ana Maria T.
Published: July 2008

O objetivo deste estudo é caracterizar pela primeira vez alguns aspectos da reprodução do caranguejo-uçá em manguezais da Baía da Babitonga (Santa Catarina). Além disso, a densidade e o tamanho do estoque deste recurso pesqueiro foram também estimados. Os exemplares foram coletados mensalmente, de maio de 2002 a abril de 2003, em duas áreas distintas: Iperoba e Palmital; um total de 2265 espécimes (1623 machos e 642 fêmeas) foi analisado. Os machos com gônadas maturas foram registrados durante todo o ano, enquanto as fêmeas com gônadas maturas ocorreram em apenas cinco meses. As fêmeas ovígeras foram registradas apenas em dezembro e janeiro. O etograma do fenômeno de migração reprodutiva ("andada") esteve em concordância com a maior atividade de caranguejos associada às luas cheias e novas, com maior intensidade em dezembro e janeiro, relacionados ao verão austral. A densidade total no Manguezal de Iperoba foi de 2,05 ± 0,97 ind./m², não diferindo significativamente daquela registrada para o Manguezal do Palmital (2,06 ± 1,08 ind./m²) (p < 0,05). A média global para a estimativa de densidade na Baia da Babitonga foi de 2,05 ± 1,00 ind./m², correspondendo a 1,42 ± 0,89 ind./m² com base nas galerias abertas e 0,64 ± 0,63 ind./m² para as galerias fechadas.
Nine-year demography of the black-eared opossum Didelphis aurita (Didelphimorphia: Didelphidae) using life tables
Authors: Kajin Maja , Cerqueira Rui , Vieira Marcus V. , Gentile Rosana
Published: July 2008

A population of the black-eared opossum, Didelphis aurita Wied-Neuwied 1826, was studied during 1997-2006 by capture-mark-recapture in the Atlantic Forest in the state of Rio de Janeiro. Cohorts were established with females marked still in the pouch, classified into five age classes. Population parameters were estimated using life tables. Survival was type III and mortality was greatest in age classes I and II, just after weaning. Fecundity was inversely correlated with survival, reproductive value was inversely correlated with mortality and residual reproductive value was inversely correlated with fecundity. The intrinsic rate of increase was always close to zero and tended to be slightly negative. The black-eared opossum can be considered a good model species for this type of study.
Use of space by neotropical marsupial Didelphis albiventris (Didelphimorphia: Didelphidae) in an urban forest fragment
Authors: Almeida Alex J. de , Torquetti Camila G. , Talamoni Sônia A.
Published: July 2008

A population of the Neotropical marsupial Didelphis albiventris (Lund, 1840) living in an urban forest fragment was studied. Population structure and the influence of sex and age on two variables related to habitat use (Daily home range - MCP and Habitat use intensity - UI) obtained by the spool-and-line technique were analysed. There were 20 males and 29 females studied (N = 49). No sexual dimorphism was apparent in adult individuals. There were 16 males and 24 females tracked using the spool-and-line device. There were significant differences found in the mean size of the daily home range, which was greater in adults than in sub-adults. Regarding the habitat use intensity there were also significant differences related to age. There were no significant differences in MCP and UI related to the sex of the individuals. Besides the analyzed factors, the variables related to habitat use are possibly influenced by other factors, especially, the ones related to the conservation status of the fragment.
Development and reproduction in Bulimulus tenuissimus (Mollusca: Bulimulidae) in laboratory
Authors: Silva Lidiane C. , Meireles Liliane M. O. , Junqueira Flávia O. , Bessa Elisabeth C. A.
Published: July 2008

Bulimulus tenuissimus (d'Orbigny, 1835) is a land snail of parasitological importance with a poorly understood biology. The goal of this laboratory study was to determine development and reproductive patterns in B. tenuissimus. Recently hatched individuals in seven groups of 10 were maintained in the laboratory for two years. To test for self-fertilization, 73 additional individuals were isolated. After 180 days the isolated snails showed no signs of reproduction. Subsequently, 30 of these snails were paired to test fertility. We noted the date and time of egg-laying, the number of eggs produced, the number of egg-layings per individual, the incubation period and hatch success. This species shows indeterminate growth. Individuals that were maintained with others, as compared to isolated individuals, laid eggs sooner, laid more eggs and had a greater hatching success. This species can self-fertilize, however, with lower reproductive success. Bulimulus tenuissimus has a well-defined reproductive period that is apparently characteristic for this species.
The influence of diet and isolation on growth and survival in the land snail Bulimulus tenuissimus (Mollusca: Bulimulidae) in laboratory
Authors: Meireles Liliane M. O. , Silva Lidiane C. , Junqueira Flávia O. , Bessa Elisabeth C. A.
Published: July 2008

Feed influences directly growth and survival in land snails. Here, we investigate the influence of diet and isolation on growth and survival in Bulimulus tenuissimus (d'Orbigny, 1835) in the laboratory. Animals were maintained individually and in groups and three different types of diets: lettuce, ration and both lettuce and ration (mixed diet) for 210 days. Isolated animals, in all diet types, grew more rapidly than grouped animals. Also, snails fed with lettuce grew most slowly in isolated or grouped treatments. Within isolated or grouped treatments, growth rates were similar for the ration and the mixed diet. Mortality rate was higher in animals fed on lettuce only, in both density treatments. Thus, diet and density are important components of the population dynamics of B. tenuissimus.
Feeding overlap in two sympatric species of Rhinella (Anura: Bufonidae) of the Atlantic Rain Forest
Authors: Sabagh Leandro T. , Carvalho-e-Silva Ana M. P. T.
Published: July 2008

A clear understanding of the relationships between overlapping, similarity, and competition is necessary to understand many of the questions about the structure and operation of a community. Rhinella icterica (Spix, 1824) and Rhinella crucifer (Wied Neuwied, 1821) are sympatric species of toads occurring in the National Park of Serra dos Órgãos in southeastern Brazil. The aim of the present study was to assess the dietary overlap of these two species. Ninety-four stomachs were analyzed, and 2245 prey items were found. Common prey were Hymenoptera, Coleoptera, Diptera, Lepidoptera larvae, Blattaria, Orthoptera, Hemiptera, Opiliones, and Aranaea. Ants were the most important prey in both diets, followed by beetles and cockroaches. The niche breadth of R. icterica was 1.76 and of R. crucifer was 1.28. The dietary overlap between the species was 98.62%. A positive correlation was observed between jaw width and prey size consumed by R. icterica.
A new species of Benthana (Crustacea: Isopoda: Philosciidae) from southern Brazil
Authors: Sokolowicz Carolina C. , Araujo Paula B. , Boelter Juliana F.
Published: July 2008

A new species of Benthana Budde-Lund, 1908 is described from southern Brazil. Benthana cairensis sp. nov. is distinguished from the other species in the genus by having 17 aesthetascs on the antennula and the elongated male pleopod 1 exopod with a lobe on the inner lateral margin and up to six setae on the outer lateral margin. The new species most resembles B. olfersii (Brandt, 1833), but may be distinguished by lacking the lobe with six setae on the internal margin of the proximal extremity of the merus of pereiopod 7. Furthermore, we include B. olfersii in the subgenus Benthanoscia based on the examined material as described herein.
Range extension for Thomas' Mastiff bat Eumops maurus (Chiroptera: Molossidae) in northern, central and southeastern Brazil
Authors: Sodré Miriam M. , Rosa Adriana R. da , Gregorin Renato , Guimarães Maricélio M.
Published: July 2008

Thomas' Mastiff bat, Eumops maurus (Thomas, 1901) is known from northern South America in Ecuador, Venezuela and Guiana and so it probably occurs in Brazil, yet it has not been reported. Here, we present the first record for E. maurus in Brazil. Captures were from the Brazilian states of Tocantins and Goiás (northern and midwestern Cerrado region of the country), and São Paulo (southeastern Brazil, Atlantic Forest). In the first two locations, all bats were roosting in palm leaves while in the later location, a single animal was found alive in a 15th-storey apartment in the city of São Paulo. This bat inhabits savannas with swamps dominated by the palm Mauritia flexuosa (buriti) and gallery forests. This record is the first of E. maurus in an urban area. Brazilian specimens are apparently larger than those from northern South America.
O Brasil nos relatos de viajantes ingleses do século XVIII: produção de discursos sobre o Novo Mundo
Authors: Domingues Ângela
Published: July 2008

O conhecimento científico do Brasil é anterior ao período da abertura dos portos brasileiros ao comércio e navegação das nações europeias. Embora seja inegável a importância e a novidade trazidas pelas obras de John Mawe, Thomas Lindley, Henry Koster, Maximiliano de Wied-Neuwied ou do barão de Eschwege, há que considerar que o Brasil tornou-se mais conhecido dos europeus do Setecentos graças aos roteiros, diários de viagens, mapas e vistas de marinheiros e traficantes, corsários e piratas que percorreram o litoral brasileiro durante o século XVIII. Assim como pelos registos produzidos por homens ilustrados como George Anson, James Cook, Joseph Banks, Charles Solander e Arthur Bowes Smith. O objectivo de muitos desses relatos produzidos ao longo do século XVIII define-se claramente do seguinte modo: corrigir a geografia do globo terrestre, diminuir os perigos da navegação e tornar mais conhecidos os costumes, artes e produtos da colónia brasileira.
Floresta, política e trabalho: a exploração das madeiras-de-lei no Recôncavo da Guanabara (1760-1820)
Authors: Cabral Diogo de Carvalho
Published: July 2008

O artigo procura contribuir para o adensamento da historiografia acerca das operações de extração das madeiras-de-lei, espécies de árvores particularmente propícias à construção naval e por isso legalmente reservadas à apropriação preferencial por parte da Coroa portuguesa no território colonial. O recorte espaço-temporal abarca os sertões do Recôncavo da Guanabara (Capitania do Rio de Janeiro) e, em particular, a bacia do rio Macacu no final do período colonial. Usa-se documentação variada (crônicas oficiais, descrições de viajantes, correspondência, lista nominativa de habitantes e inventário post-mortem) com o objetivo de mostrar que as relações socioeconômicas dos atores envolvidos (funcionários reais, proprietários fundiários, fabricantes, serradores etc.) entre si e com a floresta eram ditadas por negociações cotidianas que viabilizavam a 'letra fria' das leis metropolitanas.
Mapeamento do risco de homicídio com base na co-krigeagem binomial e simulação: um estudo de caso para São Paulo, Brasil
Authors: Camargo Eduardo Celso Gerbi , Druck Suzana , Monteiro Antônio Miguel Vieira , Freitas Corina Costa , Câmara Gilberto
Published: July 2008

O impacto da violência sobre o perfil de saúde da população nos grandes centros urbanos brasileiros é uma realidade e tem sido incorporado na agenda das ações de saúde. Embora o crescimento dos crimes contra a vida seja sentido por toda a população, a sua distribuição pela cidade ocorre de modo desigual. Nesse contexto, ferramentas de análise que permitam produzir uma avaliação do risco de homicídio e de sua distribuição espacial potencializam os meios de vigilância e prevenção. Este artigo oferece uma contribuição nessa direção. Uma metodologia geoestatística é empregada para a estimação e mapeamento do risco de homicídio, sob o enfoque de um novo estimador de semivariograma, e tem sua aplicação avaliada na cidade de São Paulo, Brasil, para o período de 2002 a 2004. Cenários para o risco de homicídio são gerados com base na co-krigeagem binomial e de procedimentos de simulação estocástica, possibilitando a delimitação de áreas com maior ou menor risco, que podem ser usados para estudar condicionantes espaciais da violência e auxiliar para um melhor entendimento dos problemas por meio da análise de suas diferenças ao longo dos territórios das cidades.
Giardia duodenalis infection and anthropometric status in preschoolers in Salvador, Bahia State, Brazil
Authors: Matos Sheila Maria Alvim , Assis Ana Marlúcia Oliveira , Prado Matildes da Silva , Strina Agostino , Santos Lenaldo Azevedo dos , Jesus Sandra Rêgo de , Barreto Maurício Lima
Published: July 2008

The aim of this study was to estimate the association between Giardia duodenalis infection and anthropometric deficits, as measured by weight-for-age and height-for-age. This cross-sectional study included 629 children from 12 to 48 months of age, selected from 30 geographic areas in the city of Salvador, Bahia State, Brazil. Poisson regression and linear regression were used for the multivariate statistical analyses. G. duodenalis was diagnosed in 13.5% of the children. The children's breastfeeding duration and living conditions (garbage collection and paved streets or sidewalks) modified the effect of G. duodenalis infection on anthropometric status. Among infected children, there were statistically significant associations between weight deficit and shorter breastfeeding (PR = 2.22; 95%CI: 1.56-3.14) and inadequate paving of streets and sidewalks (PR = 2.00; 95%CI: 1.37-2.92), while height deficit was associated with deficient public garbage collection (PR = 2.21; 95%CI: 1.31-2.51). In the linear regression, the association with the anthropometric indicators remained positive and statistically significant. The child's unhealthy living environment aggravated the negative effect of G. duodenalis infection on anthropometric status, and breastfeeding was a protective factor in the outcome.