bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Determination of Refractive Error and Strabismus in Two Primary Schools
Authors:   Department of Optical Techniques, Al- Al-Mustaqbal University, 51001 Hillah, Babylon, Iraq, Mohammed Marrwan Hisham , Halboos Mustafa Tawfeeq ,   Department of Surgery College of Medicine, Babylon University, Babylon, Iraq, Jenabi Ziyad Kamel Al ,   Department of Surgery College of Medicine, Babylon University, Babylon, Iraq, Hamad Noor ,   Department of Optical Techniques, Al- Al-Mustaqbal University, 51001 Hillah, Babylon, Iraq
Published: January 2024

Refractive errors are frequently found among school children due to various factors such as genetics and lack of parental attention toward regular eye check-ups by an ophthalmologist. It is crucial to conduct visual examinations in schools to identify and address any eye-related issues promptly. Aim: The objective is to evaluate the level of refractive error and strabismus among students in two primary schools located in Babylon City, Iraq. Method: From October 20, 2021, to February 1, 2022, cross-sectional, retrospective research was conducted at two primary schools, Al-Nidal and Al, in Babylon, Iraq, for children aged 7 to 12 years. Result: One thousand twenty pupils. We excluded eight students from this study. They participated (2028 eyes) at two primary schools in the Iraqi city of Babylon. There were 422 male students (41.3 %) and 592 female students (57.9%), mean age was 9.7 ± 1.6 (range, 5-12) years. Congenital, acquired, and normal eyes were found in 78 (7.6%), 62 (6.1%), and 874 (85.5%) students, respectively (P<.001). We found emmetropic most common in two primary schools; myopia was more than Hypermetropia, astigmatism, and amblyopia was 80.0%, 9.0%, 7.2%, 2.9%, and 4.1%students, respectively. Conclusion: A study conducted in Babylon; Iraq revealed a high occurrence of uncorrected refractive errors in elementary school students. This finding highlights a significant health issue for young individuals, which calls for immediate action to address and rectify. Regular visual acuity tests should be conducted annually to identify and correct any refractive errors.
Would You Mind Sharing Your Opinion About the Covid-19 Vaccination?
Authors: Link Elena , Scheper Jule , Memenga Paula
Published: January 2024

The present study investigates predictors of opinion expression about the Covid-19 vaccination. Health-related opinion expressions, which can be understood as a specific type of information sharing, are highly relevant since opinions are influential sources for individuals’ health-related attitude formation and decision-making and shape public opinion about health topics. Guided by extensive research on political opinion expression and the current state of research addressing health information sharing, we apply theoretical assumptions of the risk information seeking and processing model (RISP) to opinion expression about vaccination in different social contexts. We conducted an online survey in Germany (N = 833) and empirically analysed our model using regression analyses. A higher likelihood to express one’s opinion was contextual-independently facilitated by more positive attitudes towards sharing, injunctive norms, and sharing efficacy. Context-specific patterns were found for descriptive norms, cognitive risk perceptions, and information seeking. Our results revealed the RISP to be a step towards a theoretically sound framework explaining opinion expression, but demand more specific frameworks developed for opinion expression.
Prevalence of HIV P24 Antigen; A Sensitive Marker among Seronegative Antibody Blood Donors in Some Hospitals Within Kaduna Metropolis, Nigeria
Authors: Adamu Fauziyya , Abdulfatai K , Musa F
Published: January 2024

Detecting and monitoring HIV infection is crucial for effective disease management. The p24 antigen serves as an early viral marker in HIV diagnosis. Despite advancements in diagnosis and monitoring, there is a need for a comprehensive assessment of p24 antigen prevalence in HIV cases. Therefore, this study aims to ascertain the prevalence of p24 antigen among a diverse population of blood donors in Kaduna metropolis. The study recruited 261 blood donors aged between 18 and 55 from various blood bank units in the metropolis. Initial HIV status determination utilized the Immune-Chromatographic Determine® HIV rapid test kit, followed by re-screening with UnigoldRecombigen HIV 1 and 2, boasting 99.70% specificity and 100% sensitivity. HIGHTOP (HIV) ELISA test kit was employed to screen HIV antibodynegative blood donors for HIV p24 antigen. Additionally, demographic factors like gender, residency, age, and marital status were taken into account. Results indicated p24 antigen detection in 9 out of 261 blood samples, yielding a prevalence of 3.5%. Conversely, 252 samples tested negative for the antigen, resulting in a prevalence of 96.5%. The study's findings support the assertion that HIV p24 antigen serves as a sensitive marker, advocating for its integration into routine blood donor screening within Kaduna metropolis to enhance HIV infection detection rates.
DEVELOPMENT OF PUBLIC SPEAKING COMPETENCE IN A FOREIGN LANGUAGE AMONG STUDENTS OF NON-LANGUAGE SPECIALTIES AT UNIVERSITY
Authors: Bobykina Irina A. , Pilipenko Bogdan S.
Published: January 2024

The article discusses the organization of the process of developing the ability of public speaking on the basis of an online learning resource. It is one of the pedagogical solutions aimed to improve the effectiveness of teaching a foreign language to students of non-linguistic specialties at the university. To determine the relationship between the ability of public speaking in a foreign language and foreign language communicative
competence, formed in accordance with the federal state educational standards of higher education, various approaches to the defi nition of the concepts of «competence» and «public speech» are analyzed. The features of public speech, the essence of communication technologies and methodological aspects of the development of an online training module have been studied. The results of a theoretical analysis of scientifi c and educational literature on the research topic allowed us to come to the conclusion that it is advisable to introduce an online module as an additional means of teaching a foreign language. The application of the ADDIE (Analysis, Design, Development, Implementation, Evaluation) pedagogical design model in the development of an online learning resource on the Google Classroom web service is substantiated. The content of the online training module is professionally oriented and is a set of exercises for teaching group interviews and group counseling. Thematically presented module is intended for students in the specialty program 44.05.01 Pedagogy and psychology of deviant behavior. To solve the problems of professional activity during foreign language training, it is proposed to use modeling and execution of business games in oral communication and situational communicative tasks with writing different types of text in written communication. The developed online questionnaires are of practical importance for the implementation of the assessment stage according to the
pedagogical design model of the online educational process ADDIE. The main research methods at the control stage of experimental research work are subject testing. The theoretical results of the study can be recommended to foreign language teachers at non-linguistic universities.
RESOURCE-ACTIVATING TECHNOLOGIES AS TOOLS FOR ACTIVATING SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY OF THE STATE AND SOCIETY
Authors: Antipova Evgenia I.
Published: January 2024

The paper represents the innovative capacity of social protection in conditions of upgrading the sphere of social services and analyzes the contemporary resource-activating technologies (as instruments of increasing the effi ciency of social protection) in application to various categories of citizens. The author highlights the need to promote social responsibility among all social categories and to shift to the active forms of social safety net while remaining in the paradigm of special attitude to people with various levels of resource potential. The article focuses on comprehensive rehabilitation of mobility-impaired people, including museum and circus teaching methods. The author emphasizes the importance of transition from project approach to various forms of organizing rehabilitation events to systematic government measures based on innovations and citizen initiatives. “National Social Initiative” is described as the crucial tool of approaching the national goals of social development of the country. The aforementioned review and analysis of several points of view of Russian and foreign researchers, along with the unique Russian regional experience in the area of adopting resource-activating social technologies, allowed the author to prove the potential of using such technologies as alternatives to the practices approved in the “traditional” model of social safety net, and to highlight interrelation and mutual enrichment of the social sphere branches. Using the example of the activities of social organizations in the cities of Moscow, St. Petersburg and Chelyabinsk, the article describes the experience of introducing and functioning of the social technology of assisted living for persons with disabilities and other social practices. Examples allow us to highlight the features of resource-activating technologies, namely: the use of diagnostic tools, caring attitude towards limited resources, equalization of opportunities in the realization of rights, increasing the social activity of citizens.
INCONSISTENT REALITIES OF ONLINE-EDUCATION
Authors: Napso Marianna D.
Published: January 2024

The article discusses some issues related to the transformation of the education system, which is largely due to the penetration of digital tools into the educational environment. The demand for IT technologies is emphasized, on the one hand, by the requirements of digitalization of the economy, which needs highly qualifi ed information specialists, and on the other hand, by methodological and didactic teaching practices, which are largely based on the use of electronic resources. The analysis of the contradictory nature of online education is given, the positive and negative consequences of its use in the educational process are investigated, its role in the processes of adaptation to the rapidly changing social and educational context is considered, its importance as the most important factor of socialization is emphasized.
It is emphasized that distance learning is not only qualitatively new, but also a suffi ciently productive and fl exible form of learning that can be applied in various educational settings, and this is its universality. Attention is drawn to the fact that the success and relevance of distance education depend on the degree of use of traditional forms of education, the use of educational methods and practices that have become
classical. The role of digitalization in strengthening the processes associated with the individualization of learning is emphasized, which is dictated by the requirements of industry 4.0. Digitalization creates conditions for self-realization, the formation of a space of competencies and skills that are in demand in post-industrial times. At the same time, negative psycho-emotional consequences of excessive fascination with IT
tools are revealed, which often become mechanisms of manipulation of individual and collective consciousness. These problems taken together determine the objectives of the study – to draw attention to the ambiguous nature of online education, to show its relevance to the realities of socio-economic and educational time, to demonstrate the benefi ts and advantages that are provided by real-time learning, but based on the
use of electronic resources. Being essentially an innovative pedagogical practice, distance learning meets the requirements of a transforming education system in which increased attention is paid to the issues of individualization of learning. Personalization as one of the leading trends allows us to expand the range of additional knowledge, as well as digital competencies demanded by modern modernization processes,
which are somehow caused by the digitalization of the economy. The results of the study allow us to identify objective factors contributing to the disclosure of the contradictory nature of online education, the defi nition of the main trends in its development, the need to use it as an educational technology. The scientifi c novelty consists in identifying and analyzing those factors that ensure the effectiveness of digitalization of education, taking into account its possible consequences.
PROFESSIONALLY ORIENTED FOREIGN LANGUAGE TRAINING IN THE SYSTEM OF SECONDARY VOCATIONAL EDUCATION ON THE BASIS OF CLIL APPROACH
Authors: Pavlova Lyubov V. , Omelenchuk Christina A.
Published: January 2024

The relevance of the research is due to the need to modernize foreign language (FL) training in the system of secondary vocational education (herein after referred to as SVE) as part of the implementation of the new Federal State Educational Standards in the context of strengthening the career guidance potential of FL learning. Accentuating the FL learning professional bias in college is aimed at developing students’ FL communicative competence in situations of professional communication and also for the sake of developing students’ professional self-determination. However, the development of the foundations of professionally-oriented FL training of SVE students has not been the subject of a separate study, which determines the urgency of the presented work. The purpose of the study is to work out the content and organizational foundations of professionally-oriented FL training, based on the CLIL approach. The study identifi es principles, requirements, didactic tools and materials that ensure the students’ mastering FL professional communication and the professional self-determination of students in the process of specialized FL training in the SVE system. It has been established that the electronic educational training manual on information technology and telecommunication systems, based on the CLIL approach, developed in the course of study has proven its effectiveness. The proposed principles, stages and content of teacher and student activities ensure the integrity of educational and personality developmental aspects of professionally-oriented FL training of SVE students, parallel and simultaneous mastery of all types of speech activity in the process of solving problem quasi-professional tasks in a specialized fi eld, and can be successfully used in a real educational process in a FL class at a SVE institution.
TOWARDS THE CRITERIA FOR THE QUALITY OF INFORMATION IN THE NEWS MEDIA TEXT
Authors: Negryshev Andrej A.
Published: January 2024

The article discusses theoretical aspects of the quality of information in modern news media texts.The goal of the work is to specify the existing criteria for the quality of news information and the linguistic approachesto their identifi cation.The attributes of the high-quality news are analyzed,which are used today in the scientifi c and educational discourse and in journalistic practice.Accordingto the results of the analysis, the lack of methodological unity of theapproaches to their classifi cationis noted.That is thenumber of typologically heterogeneous characteristics are combined into some sets corresponding to various parameters, such as factual, linguistic design, compliance with the communicative needs of the recipient, institutional and economic conditionsof news production.The multidirectionality of a number of attributes is shown, which is most evidentin theparameters«factuality» and «institutional and economic conditionsof news production», which in turn gives the antagonistic character to of credibility and sensationalism. It is proposed to solve the problem of the non-homogeneity of criteria for the quality of news information by relying on the principle of cooperation suggested byH.P.Grice.With this approach, the system-forming status takes the criterion of credibility, and the criterion of sensationalism shifts to the periphery of the system up to the complete exclusion from the existing lists of the criteria for the quality of the news.The identifying of the degree of credibility of the text is proposed to be carried out in terms of the discursive-linguistic approach by the method of macrostructural text analysis, which allows to identify the referential density of the news media text as a kind of linguistic “dimension” of its credibility. The degree of referential density is described through the types of referential focus of the text: concentrated, shifted, diff use.The text with a concentratedreferential focus has thegreatest degree of referential density, that’s why we suggest to useits macrostructural characteristics as the diagnostic criteria of the quality of information in the news media text.
PREDICATIVATION OF WORD FORMS WITH THE MEANING OF EMOTIONAL GRADES IN THE MODERN RUSSIAN LANGUAGE
Authors: Glazkova Svetlana N.
Published: January 2024

More than 400 predicatives with evaluative semantics have been identifi ed by corpus method, models by which transformants are formed have been analyzed. The part-of-speech indicators of predication are evaluated. The criterion for the completion of this process are identifi ed. It is stated that the process of predicativation in the modern Russian language is alive and active. The relevance of the trend towards the transformation of lexemes of high quality into static ones is proved: adverbs (adverbialization), predicatives (predicativation). The methods of differentiation of functional homonyms according to basic and optional features are argued. It is proved that predication proceeds according to its own not always explainable linguistically discursive rules. The mechanism that includes the process of predicativation, on the one hand, is justifi ed by semantics, on the other hand, it is not exhausted and cannot be explained only by it.
STONES CALLANISH – ARKAIM – TRANSIT
Authors: Gay Marina , Korneeva Marina A.
Published: January 2024

The article is based on a comparative analysis of the perception of the landscape of Arkaim and the megalithic complexes of Scotland. The authors’ analysis is based on
personal observations in these places.
KEBOLEHAN PEMIMPIN PEREMPUAN DALAM POLITIK DI INDONESIA PERSPEKTIF ISLAM
Authors: Kusmastuti Ines Prasheila , Al Muazzami
Published: January 2024

This research further examines women's leadership in politics in Indonesia from an Islamic perspective by examining Surah An-Nur verse 55 and Hadith Nasai Number 5293. This type of research is library research with qualitative data analysis and presented descriptively. This research uses a ta'lily approach and a normative approach. The results of this research state that Surah An Nur verse 55 legitimizes that to be a leader you must do pious deeds. This pious deed is not only limited to men, so women who do pious deeds are certainly worthy of being leaders. On the other hand, Nasai hadith Number 5293 only applies specifically to Persia at that time. As times change, women now have a lot of access to education, leadership, and so on. Women's leadership in Indonesia can be seen from the many great women who become leaders. From a juridical perspective, the law also facilitates women's leadership in the political realm by giving women the right to representation. Therefore, women's leadership in politics in Indonesia from an Islamic perspective is permissible.
VISUALISASI BENDA PENINGGALAN KERAJAAN PEUREULAK SEBAGAI INOVASI SUMBER BELAJAR SEJARAH DI SMA NEGERI I IDI RAYEUK
Authors: Bi Abdullah Usman
Published: January 2024

Artikel ini membahas pengembangan media pembelajaran sejarah di SMA Negeri 1 Idi Rayeuk berbasis kearifan lokal. Tujuannya adalah mengembangkan metode dan efektifitas pembelajaran sejarah di SMA Negeri 1 Idi Rayeuk. Artikel ini mengunakan metode analisis deskriptif kualitatif, sejarah, dan metode tindakan kelas. Data dikumpulkan dengan metode observasi, wawancara, dan dokumentasi. Pendekatan analisis menggunakan elaborasi ilmu pendidikan, antropologi, dan museologi. Kajian artikel ini menunjukkan bahwa; (1) Kerajaan Peureulak merupakan salah satu bentuk kearifan lokal Aceh Timur yang bernilai sejarah tinggi. (2) Terdapat enam jenis benda peninggalan Kerajaan Peureulak yang dapat dijadikan sumber belajar sejarah di SMA Negeri 1 Idi Rayeuk. (3) Pengembangan pembelajaran sejarah di SMA Negeri 1 Idi Rayeuk dilakukan dengan inovasi media belajar berbasis video slide show. (4) Siswa lebih mudah memahami sejarah melalui visualisasi digital berupa video slide show. Berdasarkan temuan-temuan tersebut, artikel ini menyimpulkan bahwa visualisasi benda peninggalan sejarah berbentuk video slide show merupakan inovasi efektif pengembangan pembelajaran sejarah di sekolah.
This article discusses the development of history learning media at SMA Negeri 1 Idi Rayeuk based on local wisdom. The aim is to develop methods and effectiveness of history learning at SMA Negeri 1 Idi Rayeuk. This article uses qualitative descriptive analysis methods, history, and class action methods. Data was collected using observation, interviews and documentation methods. The analytical approach uses elaboration of educational science, anthropology, and museology. The study of this article shows that; (1) The Peureulak Kingdom is a form of local wisdom in East Aceh which has high historical value. (2) There are six types of heritage objects from the Peureulak Kingdom which can be used as sources for learning history at SMA Negeri 1 Idi Rayeuk. (3) The development of history learning at SMA Negeri 1 Idi Rayeuk was carried out with innovative video slide show-based learning media. (4) It is easier for students to understand history through digital visualization in the form of a video slide show. Based on these findings, this article concludes that the visualization of historical relics in the form of a video slide show is an effective innovation in developing history learning in schools
Religious Moderation in Indonesia: Implementation by National Christian Institution to Strengthen National Resilience
Authors: Kaur Kumari Nihal , Puspitasari Maria
Published: January 2024

Religious moderation is a program introduced by the Indonesian Ministry of Religious Affairs to promote unity and harmony as a response to frequent intolerance incidents in the country that risks national resilience. This research begins by identifying how religious moderation is poured into a nationwide strategy through a presidential regulation and Ministry of Religious Affairs’ roadmap, which then progresses to how PGI as a Christian organisation implements religious moderation into their own strategy. The results of this research suggest that PGI has contributed to religious moderation for decades by initiating interfaith networks, launching tolerance programs and advocating vulnerable groups. These measures are considered as coping and adaptive strategies in strengthening national resilience but have yet to touch on a transformative level that would be deemed more effective as intolerance incidents are still recurring in the present.
Translation of Al-Fuzai’s Story ‘The Strike’
Authors: Dohal Gassim
Published: January 2024

Al-Fuzai portrays a dispute between a wife and her husband’s mother in ‘The Strike.’1  Every newlywed couple encounters this issue because a bridegroom typically likes to remain with his parents and is socially encouraged to do so in many Arab communities. As a result, the problem is cultural; translation may help in portraying new cultures. In ‘The Strike,’ Al-Fuzai discusses this social issue while criticizing the social setting a new bride is placed in.  An environment that is conducive to everyone in the family exercising their rights and living comfortably and prosperously should be created; however, this is not the case in the story. One of Al-Fuzai's literary works is ‘The Strike.’  It has been translated to introduce the writer to the readers of this journal. It also addresses a social issue that some individuals might not give enough thought to. Moreover, translation is a way to communicate and bridge the gaps among different cultures.
An Investigation of the Transformation Process from Manual to E-Recruitment in Tanzania Public Service
Authors: Saad Azah , Itika Josephat
Published: January 2024

Purpose: The innovation of e-recruitment was to embrace the flow of recruitment and selection of young people in Tanzania public service. Currently, e-recruitment has not yet achieved the intended objectives. As a result, the wellbeing of the country human capital is being compromised. The extant studies have not examined the effectiveness of e-recruitment transformation process. In line with the existing gap, investigating the transformation process from manual to e-recruitment in Tanzania Public Services Recruitment Secretariat remains is the focus of this study. Specifically, the study examined why e-recruitment was an alternative to the manual recruitment, the regulatory frameworks governing e-recruitment, e-recruitment implementation strategies, and processes and finding out how the management of forces for change   may explain the reasons why e-recruitment does not meet the intended objectives.

Methodology: With the sample size of 25 respondents, five respondents were purposively interviewed and nine responded to questionnaires, and the remaining 16 respondent were conveniently distributed into two FGDs basing on their willingness, availability, willingness, and accessibility. Qualitative data were analysed using thematic and content analysis.

Findings: The findings revealed that the adoption of e-recruitment was due to challenges facing manual recruitment such as diseases, unfairness, insecurity of applicants’ information, the cost of running the recruitment process and time. The e-government Act of 2019, e-government regulations of 2020 and the PSRS Rules of operations of 2021 were identified as the regulatory frameworks governing e-recruitment. The PSRS uses both human capital sand technological strategies in facilitating e-recruitment. Finally, the inability of using e-recruitment system, limited reach, budget constraints, and inadequate system integration were the reasons why e-recruitment does not meet the intended objectives.

Unique Contribution to Theory, Practice and Policy: The study recommend for the government to ensure integration and interoperability of between e-recruitment system and other government systems for accurate data sharing and verification purposes.
The Types, Transition Patterns, and Influencing Variables of Emotional and Behavioral Problems for Learners who Perceive Themselves as Low Achiever during Middle and High School
Authors:   The Korea Learning Disabilities Association, Heo Yu-Sung , Kim Min-Seong
Published: January 2024

The purpose of this study was to analyze the level, type, transition pattern, and influencing variables of emotional and behavioral problems during middle and high school in learners who perceived themselves as low achievers. For this purpose, we used the 3rd and 5th years (2020, 2022) of the 3rd and 5th year of middle school panel data of the ‘Korea Children and Youth Panel Survey 2018’. The subjects of the study were 1,990 students who participated in the 3rd and 5th years of the survey (3rd year of middle school and 2nd year of high school). 351 (17.64%) low-achieving students were in middle school and 318 (15.98%) were in high school. According to the results, first, among the emotional and behavioral problems of middle and high school students, withdrawal and attention problems were found to be relatively severe. Second, the types of emotional and behavioral problems were classified into five types: emotional and behavioral stability type, externalizing problem dominant type, attention․withdrawal problem dominant type, emotional and behavioral problem attention type, and emotional and behavioral problem concern type. Third, smartphone dependence was consistently shown to be a negative factor in all types of emotional and behavioral problems. Fourth, there was a high rate of movement between the externalizing problem dominant type and the attention․withdrawal dominant type, and between the emotional and behavioral concern type and the emotional and behavioral problem attention type.
Effectiveness of Consecutive Versus Premixed Administration of Fentanyl and Bupivacaine in Subarachnoid Block for Total Abdominal Hysterectomy
Authors: Chhanda CS  , Rashid MSU  , Mondal SK  , Begum M  , Shimu AA  , Boby N  , Ali MS
Published: January 2024

Background: Subarachnoid block (SAB) was a common regional anaesthetic technique, with opioids as adjuvants to enhance effectiveness and reduce hypotension.

Objective: Comparison of the effectiveness of consecutive versus premixed administration of fentanyl and hyperbaric bupivacaine in subarachnoid block for TAH.

Methods: This Quasi experimental study was carried out in 70 patients divided into two groups of 35 each: Group A received 0.5% hyperbaric bupivacaine 15mg (3ml) premixed with fentanyl 25µg (0.5ml) in a same syringe and Group Breceived fentanyl 25µg (0.5ml) in one syringe followed by 0.5% hyperbaric bupivacaine 15mg (3ml) in a separate syringe. The study compared the onset of sensory and motor block, reaching maximum sensory level, and complete motor block, as well as the time required for analgesia and ephedrine. Statistical significance was determined at a P-value < 0.05.

Results: The study found that group B had significantly less time for onset of sensory block(3.45±0.41 vs 2.65±0.32min), motor block (4.51±0.53 vs 3.31±0.46min), and total ephedrine consumption (15.29±6.52 vs 11.86±5.95mg)compared to group A. Additionally, the time of sensory (236.8±21.7 vs 269.6±24.3 min) and motor block regression (203.8±18.6 vs 237.5±20.8min), and first required analgesia (248.2±23.3 vs 283.8±23.4 min)was longer in group B.

Conclusion: Consecutive administration of fentanyl and hyperbaric bupivacaine is more effective than premixed administration in subarachnoid block for total abdominal hysterectomy.
Biochemical Findings of Neonatal Seizures: a hospital-based study
Authors: Bhattacherjee A  , Akther N  , Hasan MR  , Haque R  , Noor ZB  , Akter S
Published: January 2024

Background: Neonatal seizures are seizures that happen within the first 28 days of life; they are serious emergency that need to be quickly diagnosed in order to start immediate treatment.

Methodology: This cross-sectional study was conducted in the Department of Paediatrics of the Jalalabad Ragib-Rabeya Medical College Hospital in Sylhet. The study* was done from July 2013 to December 2013. The study included 100 neonates who experienced seizure episodes. A detailed history was taken and thorough physical examinations were performed after acquiring written consent. A complete blood count, urine R/M/E (routine microscopic examination), blood glucose, total serum calcium, and serum electrolytes (sodium, potassium, and chloride) levels were done in all 100 neonates.

Results: 100 hospitalized newborns were evaluated, of which 43% were born to primi mothers and 57% to multipara mothers, 37% of newborns were delivered at home while 63% were born in a hospital. The majority (60%) of births were through normal vaginal delivery (NVD) and 73% of the mothers reported being in good health in the antenatal period. Biochemical study of these patients revealed that 20% of newborns experienced hypoglycemia, 13% of patients had hypokalemia, 30% had hypornatremia, 27% of newborns had hypochloremia, while 43% had hypocalcaemia.

Conclusion: The most frequent biochemical abnormality in neonatal seizure according to this study was hypocalcemia (43%) and hyponatremia (30%).
Relationship between Etiology and Radiological Findings in Case of Moderate and Severe Head Injury Patients.
Authors: Talha KA  , Ahmed MT  , Ahmed SN  , Choudhury MMK  , Sulaiman M  , Selina F  , Begum K  , Depok NH
Published: January 2024

Introduction: Traumatic brain injury (TBI) or head injury is one of the leading causes of mortality and disability in the world. The common causes of TBI are usually motor vehicle accident, fall and physical assault.

Methodology: This was a prospective cohort study to find out the relationship between etiology and the radiological findings in moderate and severe head injury patients. The places of the study were the Neurosurgery department of Sylhet M A G Osmani Medical College Hospital, Sylhet Women’s Medical College Hospital (SWMCH) and King Faisal Hospital (KFH), Taif, KSA. The Sample size was 104. The study period was 3 years (July 2021 to December 2022). On the basis of radiological findings, the participants were divided into three groups or arms. The different arms were diffused traumatic brain injury (arm-1), focal traumatic brain injury (arm-2) and both (diffused and traumatic) types traumatic brain injury (arm-3).

Results: Mean age was significantly higher in female (51.83%). Overall mean age was 40.28 year. Highest frequency (23%) was in the below 20-year age group followed by the 41-50-year age group (20.2%). Road traffic accident (RTA) was the commonest (63.5%) etiology followed by fall (21.2%). At the end of 1 month 68.3% of participants showed improvement.

Conclusion: Post head injury disability is a huge psychological and financial burden for any nation or family. RTA contributes the major risk for the moderate and severe head injury
Immunoexpression of p53 and Ki-67 in Urinary Bladder Carcinoma and Their Association with Tumor Grade and Muscle-invasiveness
Authors: Chowdhury AS  , Hye AQMA  , Mimi SA  , Jahan S  , Mahmud R  , Jui FJ
Published: January 2024

Background: Urinary bladder carcinoma is one of the threatening causes of human morbidity and mortality. Various molecular studies and prognostic biomarkers are helpful to assess the outcome of urinary bladder carcinoma. High expression of p53 and Ki-67 represents the aggressiveness of the disease and indicates poor prognosis.

Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted at the Department of Pathology, Sylhet MAG Osmani Medical College from September 2018 to July 2020 to observe the immunoexpression of p53 and Ki-67 in urinary bladder carcinoma and their association with tumor grade and muscle-invasiveness. Total 57 transurethral resection (TURBT) samples of radiologically and clinically suspected bladder tumor cases were diagnosed histopathologically included in the study.

Results: Age of the study patients ranged from 35 to 80 years with a mean of 60.60 ± 11.14 and male to female ratio was 4.7:1. There were 31 (54.4%) high grade and 26 (45.6%) low grade urinary bladder carcinomas on histopathological examination. Thirty (52.6%) cases were histopathologically muscle invasive bladder carcinoma (MIBC) and 27 (47.4%) cases were non-muscle invasive bladder carcinoma (NMIBC). Positive p53 expression was observed in 24 (77.4%) cases of high grade carcinoma while only in 6 (23.1%) cases of low grade urinary bladder carcinoma. Positive p53 expression was seen in 22 (73.3%) cases of MIBC and 8 (29.6%) cases of NMIBC. Ki-67 expression was found positive in 27 (87.1%) cases of high grade carcinoma while only in 7 (26.9%) cases of low grade urinary bladder carcinoma. Positive Ki-67 expression was seen in 25 (83.3%) cases of MIBC and 9 (33.3%) cases of NMIBC. Statistically significant association (P<0.05) was observed in histopathological grades and muscle invasiveness of UBC with p53 and Ki-67 expression.

Conclusion: p53 and Ki-67 immunomarker may be helpful to provide additional prognostic information in urinary bladder carcinoma.
Study of Serum Magnesium Level in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Chowdhury MR  , Begum RA  , Khatun S  , Ahmed J  , Islam MB
Published: January 2024

Background: Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (DM) is the most prevalent metabolic disease associated with magnesium deficiency. Renal magnesium wasting can be made worse by insulin resistance and hyperglycemia increases the osmotic urinary excretion of magnesium. High incidence of hypomagnesaemia in Type 2 DM has been reported in different studies.

Aims and Objectives: To assess status of serum magnesium level in patients with Type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional analytical study was conducted in the Department of Biochemistry, Sylhet MAG Osmani Medical College, Sylhet between January 2021 and December 2021. Fifty-five type-2 diabetics and age and sex matched 55 healthy volunteers were included by applying non probability convenient sampling technique. Diabetics with acute complications, diarrhoea or other malabsorptive states, those taking alcohol or drugs such as amino glycosides, thiazide diuretics and pregnant women were excluded. All underwent fasting plasma glucose, serum magnesium and HbA1c levels.

Results: The mean serum magnesium level was 1.67 ± 0.41 mg/dl and 2.02 ± 0.40 mg/dl in diabetics and non-diabetics respectively; difference was statistically significant (p=0.001). Hypomagnesaemia was more frequent in diabetic group [22 (40.0%) versus 2 (3.6%), p<0.001] compared to non-diabetics.

Conclusion: Serum magnesium level is lower and hypomagnesaemia is more frequent in diabetics compared to the healthy subjects.
Legal Analysis of Challenges and Obstacles to Implementing Policies for Preventing and Handling Sexual Violence in Higher Education
Authors: Hijriani Hijriani , Ode Bariun La , Agus Agus , Marlin Marlin
Published: January 2024

Universities must provide an environment that is safe, inclusive, and free from all forms of violence. Unfortunately, reality shows that sexual violence also occurs in the tertiary environment. Therefore, the problem is the factors that influence the effectiveness of the Policy for Preventing and Handling Sexual Violence in Higher Education and legal approaches and strategies in overcoming obstacles to implementing the Policy for Preventing and Handling Sexual Violence (PPKS) in the tertiary environment. The aim of this research is to explore and analyze the challenges and obstacles that arise in the PPKS Policy in the higher education environment. The research method used is normative legal research, which will be supported by empirical data. This research uses literature study and document analysis. The research results found that factors influencing the effectiveness of the PPKS Policy in Higher Education include: clear policies and regulations and the application of appropriate and effective sanctions. Then the legal approach and strategy in overcoming obstacles to implementing the PPKS Policy in the Higher Education Environment using a criminal law approach and an administrative law approach. Strategies that can be implemented include reviewing and mapping situations that have the potential for violent acts, identifying factors that trigger sexual violence in the tertiary environment; increasing community awareness and involvement regarding sexual violence; as well as improving the implementation of PPKS policies through training and human resource development, as well as improving the quality of services for victims of sexual violence.
Navigating Land Acquisition Hurdles in Ghana’s Real Estate Development
Authors: Mohammed Abubakar Sadiq , Abbas Jannat , Dzimale Augustine
Published: January 2024

Purpose – This study focuses on investigating the challenges associated with land acquisition for real estate development in the Ashanti Region of Ghana. The aim is to identify these challenges and propose ways to mitigate them, thereby facilitating the growth of the nation’s real estate market. Design/Method/Approach – The study employed the use of structured questionnaire to gather data from caretaker chiefs, land officers, and real estate developers in the Ashanti Region of Ghana. Secondary data were also gathered from various literary sources. Data analysis was conducted using the Relative Importance Index (RII), with Microsoft Excel serving as the primary analytical tool. Findings – The study unveiled several difficulties in land acquisition, salient among which include boundary conflicts, delays in title registration, high registration costs, issues with multiple transactions, and fragmented title registration processes. Research Limitations/Implications – This study is confined to the Ashanti Region of Ghana, and therefore may not fully represent the challenges encountered in other regions. To better understand regional disparities, the research accentuates the necessity for additional comparative investigations across different regions. The proposed solutions may need adjustments to accommodate specific regional circumstances. Originality – The study provides recommendations for alleviating the obstacles related to land acquisition in Ghana’s real estate sector and offers insights into these challenges. The suggested remedies include the introduction of technology, the establishment of a one-stop shop for land services, expedited land acquisition and payment system, the selection of trustworthy chiefs, and educational initiatives. Implementing these recommendations could enhance secure land rights, stimulate economic growth, and simplify the land acquisition process in Ghana’s real estate development industry. Further research in this field is encouraged to develop tailored solutions for different regions of the nation.
Typology of Introductive Formulas in Kwakum Proverbs
Authors: Josephine Digbwa Dimbélé
Published: January 2024

Kwaèkuàm is a Bantu language of zone A according to Guthrie (1967: 496). It is listed A90. Its code is [463], Binam Bikoï (2012:141). Generally, when we want to produce a proverbial statement, the speaker does not surprise his audience. He prepares it using various introductory formulas. The same is true in the kwaèkuàm community. In doing so, our paper examines the formal introductory structures found in kwaèkuàm proverbs and which make it possible to delimit the “proverbial mold” and to identify a sentence as a proverb in a speech. Five hundred proverbs collected from ten speakers aged 50 and over constitute our corpus. From the categorization of the recurring motifs of the forms and rhythms of the proverbial saying, it emerges that the paremic initiation formulas are in the initial position of the proverbial sentence. The specificity of the proverbial statement is that it constitutes a “fixed” genre of oral literature. Moreover, this is what makes it recognized in a statement.
Chile Piquín (Capsicum annuum var. Glabriusculum) Tesoro Picante de la Naturaleza
Authors: Balderas Quezada Keiry Itzel , Piña Ramírez Francisco Javier , García Muñoz Silvia Amanda , Soto Parra Juan Manuel , Yáñez Muñoz Rosa María
Published: January 2024

El chile piquín es una especie que no se cultiva de forma intensiva como cualquier otro cultivo con el que se hace comercio ya que se encuentra de forma silvestre. Este tipo de chile es ampliamente consumido en todo el sureste de México. Para cubrir la demanda, casi la totalidad proviene de recolectas. Nutricionalmente, los frutos son fuente de vitamina A y contienen antioxidantes. Históricamente los pueblos nativos utilizaban el fruto para tratar enfermedades como asma, tos, dolor de garganta, dolores de muelas, entre otras. Diversos artículos señalan que puede llegar a disminuir el riesgo de desarrollar cáncer estomacal, así mismo, puede generar protección estomacal por daño ocasionado por ingesta excesiva de aspirinas. En las cocinas mexicanas el piquín aporta sabor a múltiples recetas, este chile se caracteriza por ser discreto a comparación de otros, de sensación al gusto entre cítrico, ahumado y almendrado, su consumo puede ser verde entero o seco molido para salsas, salmueras y escabeche. La India es el primer competidor directo de México para la exportación de chile piquín hacia Estados Unidos de América, pero China es el principal competidor de producción dentro del mercado interno.
Desempeño reproductivo de hembras bovinas utilizadas unicamente como receptoras en un programa de transferencia de embriones en el trópico cálido-subhúmedo
Authors: Lammoglia-Villagómez Miguel Ángel , Martínez-De la Cruz Caín , Sánchez-Montes Daniel Sokani , Avalos-Rosario Ivan Isaías , Chagoya-Fuentes Jorge Luis
Published: January 2024

La producción de embriones bovinos se ha incrementado exponencialmente en los ultimos años. El número de gestaciones depende de múltiples factores siendo el manejo reproductivo de las receptoras uno de los más importantes. El objetivo fue evaluar el desempeño reproductivo de vacas F1 cebú x suizo europeo utilizadas unicamente para receptoras en un programa de transferencia de embriones. La investigación se realizó en una unidad de producción pecuaria (UPP) en el municipio de Tamiahua, Veracruz. El estudio fue retrospectivo (Abril 2009-Noviembre 2023) y se utilizo la información de 116 receptoras. Los embriones y ovocitos fueron colectados de las donadoras Brahman de la UPP y los embriones fueron producidos in vitro por la empresa ABS en Torreón, Coahuila. El análisis estadístico se realizo utilizando el programa STATISTICA 7. El primer parto fue a los 42.2±9.1 meses de edad. Posteriormente las receptoras tuvieron parámetros reproductivos similares (P>0.05) en los diferentes partos con una media de 1.58±0.80 servicios por concepción (SPC), 193.3±122.5 días abiertos (DA) y 16.0±5.4 meses de intervalo entre partos (IEP) con un total de 4.0±1.6 partos y una estancia en la UPP de 7.9.±1.9 años. El porcentaje de desecho incrementó significativamente (P<0.05) en receptoras de 4 y 5 partos (46.2%) comparado con las de tres y menos partos (6.2%). En conclusión, el desempeño reproductivo de hembras bovinas utilizadas unicamente como receptoras en un programa de transferencia de embriones en el trópico cálido-subhúmedo fue satisfactorio y tuvieron un promedio de 4.0±1.6 partos durante 7.9.±1.9 años. El porcentaje de desecho de receptoras de más de 4 y 5 partos incrementó significativamente comparado con las de tres o menos partos.
Telenomus sp. (hymenoptera: scelionidae) un parasitoide del gusano perro (papilio cresphontes) en huertas de limón persa citrus x latifolia
Authors: Domínguez izquierdo José Ramón , Quevedo Guerrero Aldrin , Velázquez Silvestre María Gisela , Castillo Capitán Guadalupe , Rodríguez Lozano Astrid
Published: January 2024

En el año de 2021 a febrero de 2022, se llevaron a cabo muestreos de plagas en huertas de limón persa del municipio de Sayula de Alemán, Veracruz, México, en esta investigación fueron colectados huevecillos de Papilio cresphontes parasitadas, las cuales fueron mantenidas en contenedores de plástico hasta la emergencia de los parasitoides. Como resultado se obtuvo que en tres de los huevecillos colectados emergieron un total de 57 ejemplares de la avispa parasitoide Telenomus sp. la cual pertenece a la superfamilia Platygastroidea, familia Scelionidae y subfamilia Telenominae (Lubomir y Hanson, 2006a y 2006b, Masner y Arias-Penna 2006a y 2006b). La duración del estado larval varió entre cuatro a siete días a una temperatura de 30 y 15,5 °C respectivamente. La identificación fue corroborada por expertos del departamento de Control Biológico del Centro Nacional de Referencia Fitosanitaria (CNRF) del Servicio Nacional de Sanidad, Inocuidad y Calidad Agroalimentaria (SENASICA). Se concluye que los huertos de limón persa en la región están recién establecidos por lo que tanto las plagas que lo atacan como los organismos parasitoides y depredadores de estas son relativamente nuevas.