bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Monte Carlo Simulations of Diamond-based Thermal Neutron Detector
Authors: Lin Shuxian , Wu Zhengxin , Yan Qiang
Published: November 2024

Diamond materials are known for their exceptional high-temperature resistance and radiation hardness, and thus offer significant promise for use in applications that operate in extreme environments , including nuclear reactors. In this study, we use Geant4 Monte Carlo simulations to develop a physical model of a diamond-based neutron detector. We systematically optimized the key parameters of both the fast and thermal neutron detectors, and assessed the impact of the materials of the neutron conversion layer (Lithium-6 fluoride (6 LiF), 10 B) and its thickness,the electrode materials (Al, Au, Ag), and the thickness of the electrodes and diamond on the performance of the detectors. The findings revealed that 6 LiF was the most effective material for the neutron conversion layer, with an optimal thickness of approximately 28 µm. Moreover, the highest efficiency of neutron detection was achieved when using Al electrodes with a thickness of 0.1 mm. The efficiency of thermal neutron detection reached 8.36% when using diamond materials with dimensions of 5 mm × 5 mm × 0.5 mm, while the efficiency of detection of 14 MeV fast neutrons was 0.94%. We used the Geant4 simulations to identify the ideal combination of the type of material of the neutron conversion layer and its thickness, the electrode material and its thickness, and the thickness of diamond to significantly enhance the performance of the detector. The results show that the optimized diamond-based neutron detectors can efficiency detect both thermal and fast neutrons, and offer important theoretical support for the deployment of diamond neutron detectors in practical engineering applications.
PACS numbers: 14.65.Ha
Balancing Efficiency and Security: PRNGs in Resource-Constrained MANET Environments
Authors: Dhamodharan Sathiya
Published: November 2024

This study explores data security in Mobile Ad Hoc Networks (MANETs) through the use of Pseudorandom Number Generators (PRNGs). MANETs, known for their dynamic topology and decentralized structure, are increasingly utilized in applications ranging from emergency rescue operations to civilian communications and military use. However, these features also expose MANETs to significant security risks, such as eavesdropping, data interception, and unauthorized access, due to their reliance on shared wireless media and lack of stable infrastructure. Ensuring the confidentiality and integrity of data transmitted across MANET nodes is critical for secure communication. To address these challenges, this research proposes using PRNGs as a cryptographic method to enhance data security in MANETs. PRNGs are employed for data encryption, integrity checking, and cryptographic key generation by producing numerical sequences that simulate randomness. This study evaluates the performance of various PRNG algorithms, including Linear Congruential Generators (LCGs), in resource-constrained MANET nodes. Key metrics assessed include resilience to attacks, computational efficiency, and the quality of randomness. Additionally, the integration of PRNG-based methods with existing security frameworks—such as hash functions, digital signatures, and symmetric and asymmetric encryption—is explored. Practical considerations like key management, synchronization, and overhead are also examined to ensure viability in real-world MANET environments. Simulations demonstrate that the use of LCGs and other PRNGs can improve computational efficiency by 20%, while maintaining strong resistance to eavesdropping and other attacks.
From clicks to green choices: the impact of social media content type on green consumption intentions
Authors: Peng Zhenzhen , Su Ziduo , Dong Mingfang
Published: November 2024

This study investigates the impact of different types of information in short videos on bilibili on consumers' green consumption intentions. By selecting four short videos with varying content characteristics, an empirical study was conducted using situational experiments to test the proposed research model. Experiment 1 examined the interactive effects of information type and agent type on green purchase intention, revealing that content highlighting individual behaviour and positive messages is more effective in promoting green consumption compared to content focused on collective behaviour or negative messages. Experiment 2 identified the mediating roles of social identity and self-identity, elucidating distinct pathways to forming green purchase intention. Experiment 3 confirmed the moderating role of construal level in these processes. The findings highlight the significance of social media video content as a precursor to green consumption intentions, demonstrating the alignment effect between agent type and video content type. These insights can assist researchers and marketers in understanding and leveraging the influence of social media video content to foster green consumption.
Improving CNC Lathe machine Precision through Vibration Analysis for Clamping Error Detection Employing PCA
Authors: Ullah Aman , Chan Tzu-Chi , Xie Zhong-yan
Published: November 2024

The vibration generated during mechanical manufacturing can lead to unpredictable variations in product quality, increasing production costs. Extensive research has been conducted to establish standard vibration coefficients and optimize efficient production processes. Various health monitoring methods have been explored, such as dynamic feature detection, machine tool state detection, cutting chatter analysis, and health state feedback for specific machine components. This study focuses on vibration analysis and health diagnostics for NC and traditional lathes, based on vibration signals under different clamping conditions. Five experiments were conducted, increasing spindle speed from 0 to 2000 rpm in 250-rpm increments across three clamping states. Vibration signals were collected using an intelligent prediction and diagnostic system, analyzed in the frequency domain, and validated through root mean square calculations and vibration eigenvalue assessment. Digital filtering was applied to remove outliers, followed by feature extraction and matching. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) was employed to evaluate 37 features and reduce data dimensionality, resulting in a vibration data distribution map across different speeds for each clamping state. The findings demonstrate that the PCA approach effectively identifies changes in vibration patterns, enabling the establishment of a health state feedback dataset for NC lathes based on vibration characteristics
Supporting Students through the COVID-19 Pandemic: The Perspectives of Food Pantry Workers
Authors: Tran Alvin , Kohli Muskan , Sreeniva Aishwarya , Chom Selena , Dhaani Dhaani , Rosette Neeko
Published: November 2024

Background
College students in the United States are disproportionately impacted by food insecurity, which is associated with diminished health outcomes and poor academic performance. One key resource to support students through periods of food insecurity are on-campus food pantries, which distribute food, personal hygiene products, and other essential items. But as colleges and universities navigated through the COVID-19 pandemic, many campuses closed their food pantries as the demand for their services among students grew. Few studies, however, have assessed how food pantries at academic institutions navigated through the COVID-19 pandemic to support students. With this knowledge gap in mind, our study objectives included the following: 1) to compare staff members’ perceptions on the impact of COVID-19 on food pantries of academic institutions; and 2) to provide recommendations to improve campus food pantries in navigating through future public health threats.
Methods
The research team conducted a qualitative study involving semi-structured interviews with staff members, including directors and supervisors, of food pantries located on the campuses of colleges and universities in the state of Connecticut. Participants also completed a short post-interview survey assessing demographic information and perspectives on food insecurity-related issues impacting their respective college or university. A template organizing approach was used to allow members of the research team to create a codebook of both inductive and deductive codes and identify emergent themes from the qualitative data.
Results
Twelve interviews were conducted, of which 7 participants represented four-year and 5 from 2-year institutions. Based on our thematic analysis if the interviews, we identified four central themes: 1) Persistent Pre-COVID-19 Pandemic Barriers to Food Pantry Utilization; 2) Innovative responses to the COVID-19 pandemic; 3) Two- and Four-Year Colleges and Universities: Similarities and Differences; and 4) Demand for Non-Food-Related Items.
Conclusions
Our research underscores the importance of lessons gleaned by the COVID-19 pandemic, particularly through the lens of on-campus food pantry workers. Their unique insight and lessons learned ought to be considered when academic institutions deliberate allocating resources and making key decisions to help mitigate food insecurity concerns on their campuses.
Establishing Baseline Photogrammetric Maps of Corals for Reef Health Assessment and Conservation in Malvan Marine Sanctuary, Maharashtra
Authors: NANDA SATYA SWAROOP , CHATRAGADDA RAMESH , DALVI NARAYAN , ROKKARUKALA SAMSON , KUMAR ASHISH ASWIN
Published: November 2024

Coral reefs in the Indian subcontinent are increasingly threatened by human activities and climate change, yet the dynamics of reef topography and resilience remain largely untracked due to the absence of permanent markers and reef maps. This study aims to establish permanent coral reef monitoring sites in the Malvan Marine Sanctuary (MMS), Maharashtra, using 3D photogrammetry to assess both the current and long-term health of these reefs. Two transects were surveyed, revealing a live coral (LC) cover of 39.74% ± 11.75 SE, dead coral (DC) and substrate cover of 65.23% ± 0.03 SE, dead coral with algae (DCA) at 3.77% ± 3.03 SE, and sponge-infested coral (SIC) at 4.37% ± 3.08 SE. The reef assemblage was dominated by Turbinariaspecies, along with Porites, Favites, and others. Coral bleaching stands out as the major threat, as consecutive pulses of heat stress cause the loss of photo symbionts, significantly reducing the corals' energy acquisition and weakening their immune function, making them more susceptible to diseases. Observed stress indicators included White Plaque Disease (WPD), Skeletal Tissue growth Abnormalities (STAs), Vermetid snail infestations, widespread bioerosion caused by Cliona sponges, and smothering by turf algae and seaweeds. These findings underscore the importance of continuous monitoring through photogrammetric mapping to track changes in reef structure over time and to guide timely conservation efforts.
Forbush decreases in cosmic rays during intensegeomagnetic storms
Authors: Ahmed Osman , Badruddin Badr , Derouich Moncef
Published: November 2024

We present the relationship between Forbush decreases (FDs) andassociated geomagnetic storms (GSs), along with their connections to interplanetary (IP) solar wind (SW) parameters, using both hourly and minute time bins.We have classified the data into groups and employed superposed epoch analysis(SEA) for each. A fast, turbulent high-field shock/sheath structure formed beforethe FD onset and passed through during CME-driven events. In contrast, CIR-driven events show delayed amplification and more perturbed dynamics. Thetime-lag between the onset of FDs and GSs were calculated and majority of the events show a time-lag of 1.5 to 4.5 hours, which is crucial for space weatherforecasting. Correlation analysis between FD amplitude and the peak values ofvarious IP SW parameters have been performed and FD amplitude is best repre-sented by the SW speed and three-parameter derivative of the perturbed IMF,merged with the IP electric field function [(σB/B)×B×v]. For CME-inducedevents, the correlation between FD amplitude and both Dst minimum and Dstamplitude shows that moderate and strong storms exhibit a better relationshipcompared to extreme CME-driven storms. We correlated the characteristics ofICME transient speed, transient period, and angular size with FD amplitudefrom the point of ejection to arrival at Earth’s orbit. Our findings indicate thattransit velocity has a stronger correlation with FD amplitude. Additionally, ICME events accompanied by a fast forward shock ahead of the compressionsheath region show a stronger correlation than those without a shock. The FDamplitude and cutoff rigidity as well as energy spectra were correlated for theselected events for various neutron monitor (NM) stations located with differentlatitudes and altitudes. The FD amplitude increases linearly with the decreaseof rigidity magnitude.
The effect of xenon on the voltage‒current characteristics of tethered lipid bilayers
Authors: Alobeedallah Hadeel , Cornell Bruce , Coster Hans
Published: November 2024

Xenon is a widely used noble gas general anaesthetic that has various pharmacological benefits. Xenon has unique properties that give this molecule exceptional affinity for interactions with membrane proteins and affects the properties of lipid membranes. In this study, we describe the effect of xenon on the electrical properties of tethered lipid membranes, including the effect of xenon on the activation energy for electrical conduction through lipid bilayers.
A Theory-based Educational Intervention to Promote Physical Activity Participation in Older Adults
Authors: Mardany Zahra , Tarrahi Mohammad Javad , Dastgerdi Zohre Fathian
Published: November 2024

Background
Promoting physical activity (PA) behavior can help older adults create and maintain an active lifestyle.
Methods
The study was conducted to determine the effect of an educational intervention based on social cognitive theory (SCT) on PA among Iranian older adults. 88 elderly people referred to health centers in Isfahan in 2024 were randomly selected. 6 training sessions were conducted in the intervention group (N: 44). Questionnaires were distributed in the intervention and control groups at the immediate, 3, and 12-month follow-ups, and were analyzed by independent t-tests, RM-ANOVA, and MANCOVA.
Results
Immediate, three, and 12 months after the intervention, the mean scores of all the constructs including self-efficacy, social support, perceived expectations, and perceived values significantly increased in the intervention group compared to the control (P < 0.001). Three and 12 months after the intervention, the participation rate in PA improved significantly in the intervention group (P < 0.001).
Conclusion
The findings suggest that interventions guided by SCT, improve older adults' PA participation, which offers great potential for broader application in other settings.
Preliminary techno-economic assessment of the capability of an oil field in Egypt for carbon dioxide geologic storage
Authors: Elmezain Ahmed , Abdel-Monem Nabil , Shimi Hassan
Published: November 2024

Carbon capture and storage (CCS) is promoted a promising decarbonization strategy. It is argued to be a potential solution for Egypt’s greenhouse gas emissions that have substantially grown over the past three decades. A widely recognized method of CCS is carbon geologic storage which means CO2 injection in petroleum reservoirs. However, there is no single carbon geologic storage project in Egypt, and there is a remarkable lack of research in this field. This research aims to assess the storage of a pure source of CO2 emitted from a gas process plant in oil an oilfield in Egypt. To do so, this paper performed a preliminary site characterization then presented a technical model to select the required machinery and infrastructure, finally, it proposed a financial model. The findings showed that assuming 3333 barrels/day condensate recovery from injection, the project would yield an internal rate of return of 147%, net present value (NPV) of 431 million$ and a payback period of 1 year. A sensitivity analysis found that the NPV increases sharply with oil prices’ increase and the adoption of $60/ton CO2 carbon price. Since most of the research in this area focuses on subsurface investigation, the nobility of this paper comes from its interdisciplinarity by combining surface, subsurface and financial data for a more holistic approach. The study implies that the oil sector has the relative advantage of the lowest injection cost. The research can be generalized so that it can be adopted by other similar oil enterprises that have CCS plans.
OCAC: A Dynamic Operation-Centric Access Control Model for Fine-Grained Cloud Security
Authors: Routh Aman Kumar , Ranjan Prabhat
Published: November 2024

As cloud computing systems grow more complex, traditional access control models like Role-Based Access Control (RBAC) and Attribute-Based Access Control (ABAC) often fail to provide the required granularity and adaptability to secure dynamic, distributed environments. This paper proposes an innovative Operation-Centric Access Control (OCAC) model designed to address these limitations by implementing fine-grained, context-aware, and task-oriented access control mechanisms. The OCAC model emphasizes the importance of activity context and user behavior in defining access policies, offering a novel approach that goes beyond static roles or attributes. By focusing on activities as the core component, this model dynamically adapts to various contexts, scenarios, and constraints, allowing real-time access management and enhancing security in cloud environments where tasks often span multiple devices, users, and locations.
The OCAC model introduces unique elements such as scenario-based constraints and context-specific roles, which allow access decisions to be tailored to the current state and needs of the system. These features enable a fine-grained approach to access control, making it more flexible and secure than traditional models. The model's task-oriented nature aligns with modern collaborative workflows, where task security is as critical as user or role-based security. Moreover, OCAC’s scalability and adaptability make it highly suitable for critical applications in IoT, healthcare, and collaborative cloud ecosystems, where robust access control is essential to safeguarding sensitive operations.
Our model represents a significant advancement in access control for cloud systems by aligning access policies with real-time activities, providing a comprehensive framework for secure, scalable, and context-sensitive access management in today's rapidly evolving cloud environments.
A new multi-stage method for the numerical solutions of fully implicit nonlinear differential systems
Authors: Benhammouda Brahim
Published: November 2024

This paper presents a novel technique for solving fully implicit nonlinear systems of ordinary differ-ential equations, which are typically challenging to address using existing numerical methods and symbolic tools like Mathematica, Matlab or Maple. Our approach applies the Differential Transform Method (DTM) directly to the im-plicit differential system and utilizes an important property of Adomian polynomials, leading to a simple and efficient algorithm. The main advantage of our method is that it require the solution of only one algebraic system compared to implicit numerical method which require the solution of nonlinear algebraic system at every step. Furthermore, our technique does not require the differential system to be in an explicit form. The DTM generates the exact solution as a convergent power series. To enlarge the interval of convergence, we have developed a multistage DTM algorithm that enables accurate numerical solutions over larger intervals. The effectiveness of our method is demonstrated through several numerical examples that conventional tools cannot solve, showcasing its ability to compute both exact and numerical solutions for implicit nonlinear differential systems efficiently.
An Assessment of the Ifc Interoperability for Geodetic and Geotechnical Specification in a Geophysical Context
Authors: ANTUNES MARIA LUISA RIBEIRO
Published: November 2024

Among the existing geotechnical exploration processes for bridges and dams, geophysics seems to be one of the most advantageous investigation methods. It contributes to worker safety during the prospecting process in submerged (or partially submerged) structures, precise identification of the terrain subsurface, and avoids the interpolation of geotechnical results. These factors can impact the efficiency of decision-making and resource allocation during the operational phase of assets. Using the Design Science Research approach (DSR), this article explores the potential of Industry Foundation Classes (IFC) to evaluate the interoperability of geotechnical data. Through the Standard for The Exchange of Product (STEP) and using an earth dam as the object of study, the results revealed a high semantic level of the IFC 4.3 data schema. The study also addresses the specification of geodetic data using a bridge model highlighting the importance of operating between coordinate systems, an essential aspect of collaborative processes throughout the infrastructure project lifecycle.
Enzymatic Profiles of Streptomyces Isolates from Soil Samples: Biodegradation and Environmental Applications
Authors: ZAKARI David Adeiza , KAREEM Sarafadeen Olateju , OBUOTOR Tolulope Mobolaji , Adeboye AKINLOYE Oluseyi , EGBEJA Tsobaza Idris , BELLO Kizito Eneye , Moyosore ADEFILA Adebimpe , Zainab AZEEZ , Olubunmi EMUROTU Marvelous , EDEGBO Emmanuel , ISOJA Stephen Ojochegbe , Boniface MOMOH Theophilus , Danjuma SHUIAB Yusuf
Published: November 2024

This study examines the enzymatic profiles, biochemical characteristics, morphological traits, and molecular identification of ten Streptomyces isolates from soil samples in Kogi State, Nigeria, with an emphasis on their potential in biodegradation and environmental biotechnology. Enzymatic assays revealed that isolate S4 exhibited the highest cellulase activity (12 mm zone of clearance), while isolate S3 showed significant ligninase activity (absorbance of 0.85 at 530 nm). Notably, isolate S7 demonstrated pronounced protease activity (15 mm zone of clearance).
Biochemical tests revealed diverse metabolic capabilities, with most isolates positive for starch and casein hydrolysis, and five demonstrating gelatin liquefaction. Hydrogen sulfide production was noted in isolates S3 and S4, suggesting their roles in biogeochemical cycling. Morphological analysis indicated considerable diversity in colony color, texture, and shape, aligning with typical Streptomyces characteristics.
Molecular identification through 16S rRNA sequencing confirmed high similarity (≥ 99%) to known species such as Streptomyces coelicolor and Streptomyces griseus. A phylogenetic tree constructed from sequence data illustrated the evolutionary relationships among the isolates.
The findings suggest that the Streptomyces isolates possess significant enzymatic capabilities, highlighting their potential for biotechnological applications in biodegradation and bioremediation. This research enhances the understanding of Streptomyces' ecological roles in soil ecosystems and underscores the need for further exploration of microbial diversity for sustainable environmental management. Future studies should investigate the specific mechanisms underlying the enzymatic activities of these isolates and their practical applications.
Inhibition of Galectin-1 and androgen receptor axis enhances enzalutamide treatment in
enzalutamide resistant prostate cancer
Authors: Shih Tsung-Chieh
Published: November 2024

Prostate cancer (PCa) remains a prevalent and deadly disease, particularly in its advanced stages. Despite various available treatments, resistance to drugs like enzalutamide continues to present significant challenges. This study demonstrated the significant upregulation of Galectin-1 (Gal-1) in enzalutamide-resistant PCa cells. Specific siRNA-mediated knockdown of Gal-1 inhibited proliferation in enzalutamide-resistant prostate cancer cells and resensitized them to enzalutamide treatment in an orthotopic mouse model. Elevated levels of androgen receptor full length and AR-V7 are key mechanisms underlying resistance to enzalutamide in PCa. Our findings showed that Gal-1 knockdown suppressed AR and AR-V7 expression and their transcriptional activity. In addition, pharmacological targeting of Gal-1 using LLS30 significantly suppressed the growth of enzalutamide-resistant PCa cells and exhibited synergistic effects when combined with enzalutamide. Notably, this combination significantly inhibited the growth of enzalutamide-resistant xenografts in vivo. Furthermore, RNA-seq analysis further revealed that LLS30 modulates AR and AR-V7 signaling through the inhibition of associated target genes. These findings highlighted Gal-1 as a promising therapeutic target for combating enzalutamide resistance in PCa. Importantly, targeting the Gal-1/AR/AR-V7 axis with LLS30 emerges as a promising strategy to enhance the efficacy of enzalutamide treatment and address enzalutamide resistance in PCa.
Interactive Ebook to Help Young Adults Face Quarter Life Crisis in Modern Era
Authors: Tan Liana
Published: November 2024

This project aims to help Indonesian young adults gain knowledge on how to overcome quarter-life crisis through Filosofi Teras Interactive eBook while also using interactivity as a strength to gain their interest. The method used is In-depth interview (qualitative) with the target market and the experts. The results is proven that the target market has a level of interest towards quarter life crisis and reading however traditional books is not enough to keep their attention. Interactive eBook therefore is suitable to convey the content of the books with its illustration, animation, audio, and interactivity. Interactive eBook can help the target market to focus and enjoy reading by looking at the animation and keep their attention by curiosity what will happen on the next page.
Rebranding Destination Branding of Pontianak
Authors: Tanjaya Vania
Published: November 2024

Pontianak is known as a city where equator line crosses, this has been the identity of Pontianak over the past decades. Pontianak needs a branding rejuvenations as it has a lot to offer from culinary to its cultural events. This project discuss about the new brand identity made for Pontianak: Beyond Equator. The objectives is to help Pontianak in rejuvenate and rebrand their identity which in hope could gain exposure and attract more tourist. The method used in this project is qualitative method with Literature review, interviews with head of tourism department of Pontianak and a branding expert, and observational analysis on the city current conditions. The results is Pontianak has a lot to offer which does not translate in the current branding. Create a new brand identity that is contemporary but still hold the cultural root along the branding. The brand identity should be beneficial to the city alongside with an effective and strong promotional online and on-site.
Antiproliferative Activity of New Bis-Thionaphthoquinones in Cervical Cancer
Authors: C. Thurler-Júnior Julio , S. Moreira Caroline , C. Castiglione Raquel , L. Simões Rafael , G. G. Rando Daniela , F. T. R. Martins Felipe , M. Cogo Ramon , C. B. Ribeiro Ruan , F. Ferreira Vitor , D. B. Pascoal Vinicius , C. R. F. Pascoal Aislan , R. da Rocha David
Published: November 2024

Over the past decades, natural products have been a primary source of anticancer agents. Naphthoquinones, a large class of secondary metabolites, exhibit known anticancer activity. Thionaphthoquinones, which are naphthoquinones with added thiol groups, have demonstrated similar potential to their precursors. Cervical cancer is the third most common and fourth most lethal type of cancer among women worldwide. This study aimed to investigate the antiproliferative activity of new bis-thionaphthoquinones in cervical cancer cells. Five new molecules (D1-D5) were synthesized via multicomponent reaction and characterized by mass spectrometry, infrared spectroscopy, and nuclear magnetic resonance. The 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay was used to evaluate antiproliferative activity in HeLa and NIH3T3 cells. Flow cytometry was employed to analyze deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) fragmentation. PharmMapper was utilized for target fishing. Among the tested molecules, bis-thionaphthoquinone D4 exhibited the highest potency and selectivity, with a half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) of 42.7 μM and a selectivity index of 2.05. Additionally, it also induced DNA fragmentation, suggesting its potential to induce cell death. Carbonic anhydrase II was identified as the most likely target for D4. Therefore, bis-thionaphthoquinone D4 demonstrated both potency and selectivity, making it a promising drug candidate for the treatment of cervical cancer.
Possible Influence of Shipping Emissions on PAHs in Size-Segregated Particulate Matter in Guanabara Bay (Rio de Janeiro, Brazil)
Authors: S. Silveira Renata , M. Corrêa Sergio , de Magalhães Neto Newton
Published: November 2024

Most goods in the world are transported by ships, which are powered by fossil fuels and responsible for atmospheric emissions. This study carries out an evaluation of particulate matter (PM) in the atmosphere of Guanabara Bay, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. It involves using a MOUDI (Micro-Orifice Uniform Deposit Impactor) cascade impactor, followed by solvent extraction and subsequent chemical analysis by gas chromatography, for the determination of anthracene (ANT), benzo(a)anthracene (BaA), benzo(b)fluoranthene (BbF), benzo(k)fluoranthene (BkF), chrysene (CRY), fluoranthene (FLT), phenanthrene (PHE) and pyrene (PYR). Samples (57) were collected from October 2019 to January 2021 during 24 h. The average values of coarse particles ranged from 0.46 ng m-3 for FLT to 6.07 ng m-3 for PHE; in fine particles, it was from 0.518 to 4.20 ng m-3 for PHE; no FLT was detected in the ultrafine and the maximum value generated was 4.77 ng m-3 for PHE. FLT was also not detected in the nanoparticles, where the maximum value was 2.43 ng m-3 for PHE.
Automatic detection of water pipeline leakage via unsupervised learning applied on ground penetrating radar data
Authors: Yu Zhenwei , Ye Zihao , Zheng Feifei , Zhang Yiping , Shen Yonggang
Published: November 2024

Aging urban water supply pipelines are facing significant leakage issues. Ground penetrating radar (GPR) is an effective non-destructive method for leakage localization, but its image analysis mainly relies on interpreter experience, leading to uncertainty and inefficiency. To address this issue, an unsupervised learning method based on GPR data attributes is proposed for automatic leakage detection. First, velocity and energy attributes are extracted from B-Scan profiles to differentiate wet areas caused by leakage from normal areas. Then, the density-based spatial clustering of applications with noise (DBSCAN) clustering method is applied to automatically classify these two types of areas. The proposed method was evaluated on an experimental platform with constant water pressure and pre-drilled leakage points. Experiments show that the velocity and energy attributes decrease by 25.2 and 26.6% after leakage. Using velocity attributes yields better results, and suggestions for DBSCAN hyperparameters are provided. Feature importance analysis indicates that two-way-travel-time with a score of 46.1 and energy attribution index with a score of 32.7 significantly influence leakage identification. This method can also estimate affected leakage areas with an error not exceeding the spacing of three measurement lines, and is available across various underground conditions without needing well-labeled training data.
Evaluation of pilot-scale drinking water treatment trains using a panel of bioassays
Authors: Hoondert Renske , Dingemans Milou M. L. , Slootweg Tineke , Bertelkamp Cheryl , Kramer Franca , Oorthuizen Wim , Martijn Bram , Scholte Petra , Schurer Rinnert , Houtman Corine
Published: November 2024

Chemical water quality monitoring is increasingly complemented with bioassays. The performance of drinking water treatment technologies was evaluated with bioassays. CALUX bioassays and the Ames fluctuation bioassay for mutagenicity were used to analyze the responses of raw feed water with and without a spiking mixture of organic contaminants in different pilot-scale water treatment trains applying advanced oxidation processes, reverse osmosis and filtration with activated carbon for the preparation of drinking water. In general, CALUX responses in the spiked feed water were in the same range as in the unspiked feed water, indicating that spiking did not significantly elevate the activity measured in the feed water. This observation was in line with a calculation of the combined additive behavior of the spiking mixture using bioactivities of the spiked chemicals in analog bioassays from ToxCast. This calculation gave no indication of a measurable response in the bioassays to be expected by the spiking, except for oxidative stress. Responses in the Ames fluctuation assay in most feed water were in some cases increased by advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) and mostly removed by active concentrations. The bioassay responses demonstrate the removal of emerging chemicals with different mechanisms of action by different water treatment technologies.
Memória e patrimônio enquanto elementos de potência da educação patrimonial: formas de leitura e escrita historiográfica
Authors: Souto Dias Neto Fernando
Published: November 2024

Esta pesquisa circunscreve-se nos estudos que buscam pensar o patrimônio e a memória, focalizando o acervo do Museu Gama d’Eça (Santa Maria – RS) como um espaço que possa vir a comunicar, informar e produzir saberes pela prática educativa. A discussão gira em torno de como a memória funciona por intermédio de monumentos e acervos presentes na cidade, refletindo sobre como um acervo museológico pode ser analisado por uma perspectiva crítica e emancipatória. Dessa forma, o autor acredita que o patrimônio possa ser escrito e lido de maneira que contemple as diversas identidades locais, regionais e nacionais, além de dar visibilidade aos elementos que não estejam explícitos nas fontes.
Effectiveness of Essential Oils from Leaves of Two Plant Species in the Control of Anopheles gambiae
Authors: Enwemiwe Victor N. , Ojianwuna Chioma C. , Egwunyenga Andy O.
Published: November 2024

Background:

The current method of controlling malaria vectors using synthetic chemicals
has caused serious problems for human health and the environment. Hence, a need for alternative,
cheap, readily available, and acceptable mosquito control methods.

Objective:

To evaluate the bioinsecticidal efficacy of Ocimum gratissimum and Mesosphaerum
suaveolens against Anopheles gambiae using the bioassay method.

Methods:

Oil extracts in 5 ml, 25 ml, and 75 ml serially diluted twice in 100 ml of olive oil
formed 0.05%, 0.25%, and 0.75%, while 1 m in 100 ml formed 1%. Olive oil only served as a
control. Twenty-five female Anopheles mosquitoes, aged 2-4 days, were blown into tubes containing
filter paper-coated essential oils of various concentrations in quadruplicates.

Results:

Over 50% mortality was recorded in mosquitoes exposed to 0.75% and 1% O. gratissimum
compared to others (p <0.05). Knockdown time (KDT) was higher in mosquitoes exposed to
1% O. gratissimum compared to others (p <0.05). Generalized linear regressions showed that the
essential oils of O. gratissimum and M. suaveolens contributed 4% (f2 = 0.042) and 14% (f2 =
0.167) to the variability of mortality with time. KDT50 (9.34 - 131.5 minutes) and KDT95 (77.6 -
275 minutes) of O. gratissimum as well as KDT50 (162.8 - 233.6 minutes) and KDT95 (302.8 -
415 minutes) of M. suaveolens were recorded. Stigmastane; 4,22-Stigmastadiene-3-one (Area:
45.88%) in O. gratissimum and gamma-Sitosterol (16.02%) in M. suaveolens were identified by
Gas Chromatogram as the highest dose of chemical compounds.

Conclusion:

The low bioinsecticidal activities of these plant extracts could be attributed to the
low occurrence of terpenoids and alkaloids.
One-Dimensional Convolutional Neural Network for Data Classification
Authors: Dutta Dipankar , Porel Soumya , Tah Debabrata , Dutta Paramartha
Published: November 2024

CNN has emerged as the de-facto standard for several machine learning
(ML) and computer vision applications. It is known for its classification and feature
extraction capabilities. Many ML techniques require separate handcrafted feature
extraction steps before classification, which are “sub-optimal” in nature. Unlike these,
CNN extracts “optimal” features directly from raw data, enabling it to enhance
classification accuracy. Two-dimensional CNN (2D-CNN) is the most common one,
where inputs to the CNNs are 2D in nature, such as images. Here, we used 1D-CNN for
data classification as we used 1D inputs. 1D-CNN has lower computational complexity
than 2D-CNN. Mainly for this, we preferred 1D-CNN over 2D-CNN. To demonstrate
the superiority of the proposed generic classifier, we compared its classification
accuracies with several other generic classifiers. We used 21 benchmark data sets from
the UCI machine learning repository to achieve this. Tests prove the superiority of the
proposed 1D-CNN-based generic classifier. Many 1D-CNN-based application-specific
classifiers are proposed in the literature, but the proposed classifier is applicable for
many types of tabular data i.e., it is a generic classifier.
Transmission Electron Microscopy and its Applications in Secondary Batteries
Authors: Bao Lixia , Shao Ruiwen , Song Tinglu , Yang Yong , Xu Fan
Published: November 2024

Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) has been widely employed as an
important technique for detecting morphology in various secondary battery applications.
When integrated with diverse accessories, TEM could attain sub-angstrom level
detection, cryogenic TEM (cryo-TEM), and other functionalities, which enables the
observation and comprehension of the microstructure of secondary battery materials, as
well as structural variations during battery charging and discharging processes. In this
chapter, essential structures, main functions, and sample preparation methods of TEM
are introduced. Additionally, applications of TEM in characterizing materials used in
secondary batteries are discussed and summarized. The aim is to provide essential
guidance for employing TEM and to facilitate its future development.
Synchrotron Radiation X-ray Tomography Technique and its Applications in Secondary Batteries
Authors: Wang Shuo , Li Xiaodong , Wang Jun , Xue Gang , Zou Meishuai
Published: November 2024

Electrode materials undergo complex structural variations during the
operation of secondary batteries. Three-dimensional characterization of these changes
offers researchers a more in-depth and comprehensive insight into the dynamically
evolving complex interactions compared to the conventional two-dimensional
characterization. Synchrotron radiation X-ray tomography technology, which is
capable of non-destructively conducting multi-scale and 3D imaging of battery
components in both static and operational states, has emerged as an indispensable tool
for enhancing further understanding of secondary battery research in recent years.
Here, in this chapter, the integration of synchrotron radiation X-ray tomography
technology and pertinent knowledge within the context of secondary battery research is
undertaken, which is aimed at advancing the application of synchrotron radiation X-ray
tomography technology in future secondary battery research. This chapter initiates by
elucidating the essential principles and experimental apparatus of synchrotron X-ray
tomography technology, followed by exploring its applications in both positive and
negative electrode materials of secondary batteries. Last, typical application software
and cases of data processing are presented and introduced. We anticipate that this
chapter will enhance the readers' understanding of synchrotron X-ray tomography
technology, and provide novel insights to inspire its application in secondary battery
investigations.
Holistic approach to treating Vipadika (Palmoplantar Psoriasis) with Ayurvedic Therapies: A Case Report
Authors: Anita Lalwani  , Rajesh Gupta
Published: November 2024

In Ayurveda all skin disease has been considered under the headings of Kushta. Vipadika is one among such disease which has been included under the heading of Kshudra Kushta. It is characterized by Panipada Sphutanam (fissures), Teevravedana (severe pain) either in palms or soles or in both.[1] Its symptoms can be correlated with palmar-plantar psoriasis which is a chronic skin disease which mainly affects palms and sole region and is characterized by hyperkeratosis, fissures, erythema and occasionally inflammation and pustules. In present, case report a patient with complaint of dryness and cracking of both palms associated with burning and pain in the past 2-3 years, was successfully treated with Shodana (Virechana) and Shamana Aushadhi’s like Manjishthaadi Kashya, Kaishore Gugullu and Jatyadighrit externally for a period of one month. This is an effort to show the brighter side of Ayurvedic treatment not just in alleviating the symptoms but also in improving the immune strength and causing no recurrence of disease. Shodhana helps remove the root cause of the disease, and prevent from recurrence.
Panchakarma in Parinaama Shoola - A Review Article
Authors: Sri Lakshmi M  , Seethadevi P  , Jyoti
Published: November 2024

Parinama Shoola is a chronic, recurrent, and non-fatal gastrointestinal (GIT) condition, accounting for 25% of patient visits to clinics and hospitals in India.[1] In Ayurveda, Madhavakara was the first to describe Parinama Shoola, characterizing it as pain during digestion, and categorizing it as a Vata-Pradhana Tridoshaja Vyadhi.[2] Samprapti: The development of Shoola begins with the consumption of incompatible foods (Viruddhahara), such as hot and spicy rich fatty diets, junk foods, and habits like tobacco chewing, smoking, and alcohol consumption. Physical inactivity and mental stress further exacerbate the condition, leading to digestive impairment (Agnimandya) and the formation of toxins (Ama). This sequence of events progresses through stages of:  Ajeerna (indigestion), Amlapitta (hyperacidity), finally culminating into Shoola (pain).[3] The causes, progression, and symptoms of Parinama Shoola are remarkably similar to those of duodenal ulcers in modern medical science. Management of duodenal ulcers typically involves: Educating the patient, Avoiding known causative factors, Prescribing bland diets, Using antacids and acid-blocking medications, Administering antibiotics for H. pylori infection. Despite these treatments, high recurrence rates and unwanted side effects are common. In Ayurvedic treatment for Parinama Shoola includes: Samshodhana (purification), Samshamana (pacification), Nidana Parivarjana (avoidance of causative factors), Pathya-Apathya (dietary and lifestyle modifications) and Prevention of recurrences. Ayurvedic medicines are noted for being cost-effective, easily available, and safe for long-term use.
Management of Charmakeela by Viddha Karma followed by Arka Ksheeradi Lepa externally and Vidanga Churna orally
Authors: L. Manonmani  , Veena Arun
Published: November 2024

Introduction: Charmakeela is one of the most common skin disorders affecting the children and teenage group by and large. It can be correlated to warts according to modern science owing to signs and symptoms. The incidence rate of EGW (extra genital warts) =10% Approx. Globally, 2-25% approx. India. The Incubation period of warts is around 90 days and the high recurrence rate in various modern treatment modalities. Aim: To evaluate the efficacy of Viddha Karma followed by Teekshna, Lekhana, Ropana, Krimighna properties of Arka Ksheera and Haridra Churna externally and Vidanga Churna Orally. Objectives: To arrive at a cost effective result oriented medication with least recurrence. Materials and Methods: A lean built Female patient, presenting with multiple warts on both the palms was selected from T.M.A.E’S AMC Hospital, Hospet. The patient was treated with Vidanga Churna (0-0-5mg) with hot water bed time and with aseptic precautions a 2ml syringe needle was taken and random pricks were made on the surface and surrounding the warts. This was followed by application of Arka Ksheera mixed with Haridra Lepa and was bandaged. The procedure was repeated once a week for 5 weeks. Results: A significant reduction in the size and other symptoms of warts was seen by 2 weeks and by the end of 5weeks the palms were completely clear and appeared normal. After a regular follow upto 8 weeks with oral medication alone no recurrence was noticed. Conclusion: The treatment was successful in warding off recurrence and effectively curing all warts with economical, noninvasive technique.
The role of Yoga in Preventing Lifestyle Disorders among Children
Authors: Pooja Rajpurohit  , Bhrahmanand Sharma  , Gajendra Kumar Dubey  , Hemant Rajpurohit
Published: November 2024

This article is meant to deal with stress, sedentary lifestyle and keep oneself happy because today's lifestyle is causing many types of diseases and these diseases are increasing rapidly in children. On an average, 60% of children are suffering from overweight/obesity. Many have at least one additional risk factor for cardiovascular disease, such as high blood pressure, or hyperinsulinemia. Yoga is a medium through which you can stay healthy and happy. Yoga gives you the strength to fight physical diseases, heals your mental health and helps in developing and strengthening the self.  and it also has a positive effect on motor, physical, cognitive and social aspects. Surya Namaskar should be done to improve the current life style in children and it helps in improving the physical and mental health of children and also Surya Namaskar is effective in pulmonary functions, respiratory pressure, handgrip strength, endurance and cardiovascular diseases.
Dampak Kebijakan Domestik Terhadap Produski Dan Harga Jagung Domestik Di Indonesia
Authors: Fitriana Ayu , Hanani Nuhfil , Fahriyah Fahriyah
Published: November 2024

Jagung merupakan salah satu komoditas tanaman pangan yang penting selain gandum dan padi. Seiring berjalannya waktu permintaan jagung dalam negeri digunakan untuk memenuhi bahan baku industri. Guna meningkatkan produksi jagung nasional agar mencapai swasembada jagungÂ  dan menjaga stabilitas harga jagung domestik maka pemerintah berupaya menerapkan kebijakan domestik seperti subsidi harga pupuk dan harga acuan pembelian pemerintah. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis dampak kebijakan domestik terhadap produksi dan harga jagung domestik di Indonesia. Untuk mencapai tujuan tersebut, telah dilakukan estimasi model persamaan simultan perdagangan jagung Indonesia dengan menggunakan metode Two Stage Least Squares (2SLS) dengan data time series dari tahun 1990 hingga 2021. Penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa, kebijakan subsidi pupuk dapat meningkatkan produksi jagung nasional tetapi menurunkan harga jagung domestik baik tingkat petani, konsumen maupun pedagang besar. Di sisi lain, kebijakan HPP dapat meningkatkan harga jagung domestik dan produksi jagung nasional, sehingga menurunkan permintaan jagung nasional. Untuk mengantisipasi kelebihan pasokan jagung nasional, Pemerintah Indonesia sebaiknya melakukan intensifikasi penggunaan jagung lokal sebagai bahan baku industri pakan.