bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Stretchable structural colors with polarization dependence using lithium niobate metasurfaces
Authors: Xu Yanli , Wang Yulin , Yang Yinye , Yang Shengyi , Li Linfu , Xiang Rong , Liu Jiangtao
Published: February 2024

Independently tunable biaxial color pixels, composed of isolated nanosquare dimers, are demonstrated in this study. These pixels are capable of displaying a full range of colors under a linear-polarization dependent reflection mode. The metasurface is constructed by arranging LiNbO3 nanodimers on a PDMS substrate. By exciting a strong magnetic dipole (MD) resonance and effectively suppressing other multipolar resonances using surface lattice resonances, the researchers achieved a single reflection peak with a bandwidth of less than 9 nm and a reflective efficiency of up to 99%. Additionally, the stretchability of the PDMS substrate allows for active and continuous tuning of the metasurface by up to 40% strain, covering almost 150 nm of the visible light spectrum and enabling changes in reflection color. This metasurface holds potential applications in various fields, such as color displays, data storage, and anti-counterfeiting technologies.
High-speed impulsive stimulated Brillouin microscopy
Authors: Li Jiarui , Le Taoran , Zhang Hongyuan , Wei Haoyun , Li Yan
Published: February 2024

Brillouin microscopy, which maps the elastic modulus from the frequency shift of scattered light, has evolved to a faster speed for the investigation of rapid biomechanical changes. Impulsive stimulated Brillouin scattering (ISBS) spectroscopy has the potential to speed up measurement through the resonant amplification interaction from pulsed excitation and time-domain continuous detection. However, significant progress has not been achieved due to the limitation in signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and the corresponding need for excessive averaging to maintain high spectral precision. Moreover, the limited spatial resolution also hinders its application in mechanical imaging. Here, by scrutinizing the SNR model, we design a high-speed ISBS microscope through multi-parameter optimization including phase, reference power, and acquisition time. Leveraging this, with the further assistance of the Matrix Pencil method for data processing, three-dimensional mechanical images are mapped under multiple contrast mechanisms for a millimeter-scale polydimethylsiloxane pattern immersed in methanol, enabling the identification of these two transparent materials without any contact or labeling. Our experimental results demonstrate the capability to maintain high spectral precision and resolution at a sub-millisecond integration time for one pixel. With a two-order improvement in the speed and a tenfold improvement in the spatial resolution over the state-of-the-art systems, this method makes it possible for ISBS microscopes to sensitively investigate rapid mechanical changes in time and space.
Survival according to the site of metastasis in triple-negative breast cancer patients: The Peruvian experience
Authors: Piedra-Delgado Luis , Chambergo-Michilot Diego , Morante Zaida , Fairen Carlos , Jerves-Coello Fernando , Luque-Benavides Renato , Casas Fresia , Bustamante Eduarda , Razuri-Bustamante Cesar , Torres-Roman J. Smith , Fuentes Hugo , Gomez Henry , Narvaez-Rojas Alexis , De la Cruz-Ku Gabriel , Araujo Jhajaira
Published: February 2024

Background

Evidence regarding differences in survival associated with the site of metastasis in triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) remains limited. Our aim was to analyze the overall survival (OS), distant relapse free survival (DRFS), and survival since the diagnosis of the relapse (MS), according to the side of metastasis.

Methods

This was a retrospective study of TNBC patients with distant metastases at the Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Neoplasicas (Lima, Peru) from 2000 to 2014. Prognostic factors were determined by multivariate Cox regression analysis.

Results

In total, 309 patients were included. Regarding the type of metastasis, visceral metastasis accounted for 41% and the lung was the most frequent first site of metastasis (33.3%). With a median follow-up of 10.2 years, the 5-year DRFS and OS were 10% and 26%, respectively. N staging (N2-N3 vs. N0, HR = 1.49, 95%CI: 1.04–2.14), metastasis in visceral sites (vs. bone; HR = 1.55, 95%CI: 0.94–2.56), the central nervous system (vs. bone; HR = 1.88, 95% CI: 1.10–3.22), and multiple sites (vs. bone; HR = 2.55, 95%CI:1.53–4.25) were prognostic factors of OS whereas multiple metastasis (HR = 2.30, 95% CI: 1.42–3.72) was a predictor of MS. In terms of DRFS, there were no differences according to metastasis type or solid organ.

Conclusion

TNBC patients with multiple metastasis and CNS metastasis have an increased risk of death compared to those with bone metastasis in terms of OS and MS.
The optimal window for reconstruction of the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) with respect to quadriceps atrophies lies within 21 to 100 days
Authors: Widhalm Harald K. , Draschl Alexander , Horns Jannike , Rilk Sebastian , Leitgeb Johannes , Hajdu Stefan , Sadoghi Patrick
Published: February 2024

Purpose

The study’s objective was to determine the optimal window for anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction with respect to quadriceps atrophies and clinical outcome.

Methods

For this retrospective, comparative study, 115 patients aged under 35 were included, who received an ACL reconstruction between 2011 and 2016. They were divided into four groups, depending on the time to surgery, to determine the optimal window for reconstruction: (group 1: ≤21 d, group 2: <21d-56d≥, group 3: >56d-100d≥, group 4: >100d). Follow-up was performed one month postoperatively, after a mean of 4.9 (±5.3) months, and after a mean of 3.5 (±1.4) years. Primary endpoints included quadriceps muscle status, range of motion (ROM), pain, swelling, the International Knee Documentation Committee Subjective Knee Form (IKDC), the Lysholm-Score, the Knee Injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS), and the Tegner-Activity-Scale (TAS).

Results

Significantly more quadriceps atrophies were observed in group 1 and group 4, representing reconstructions earlier than 21 and later than 100 days (29% and 41% vs. 9%; p = 0.032). The measurements of knee extension (p = 0.082) and ROM (p = 0.123) were comparable in all groups. Group 1 showed the least pain (0% vs. 15%; p = 0.285) and swelling (0% vs. 23%; p = 0.077) compared to all other groups one month postoperatively. A comparison of postoperative clinical scores revealed no significant differences, with group 1 exhibiting the lowest TAS levels.

Conclusion

In patients who underwent ACL reconstruction within three weeks or after more than 100 days, a significantly higher incidence of quadriceps atrophy was observed, possibly attributable to the initial inflammatory phase or the delayed reconstruction affecting quadriceps function. However, this impairment may not be observable in elite athletes who undergo reconstruction within hours of the injury.
Factors affecting young doctors’ choice of medical specialty—A qualitative study
Authors: Michalik Beniamin , Kulbat Mateusz , Domagała Alicja
Published: February 2024

Background

Young doctors’ choice of medical specialty is essential to maintaining a sufficient health workforce and developing a sustainable healthcare system. The choice of specialization is the result of numerous factors, including doctors’ preferences, population needs, and the number of available residency slots. The aim of this article is to explore the factors taken into consideration by young Polish physicians in choosing their future specialty.

Methods

We have conducted 30 structured interviews with randomly selected recent medical school graduates (17 female and 13 male). The study was conducted from December 2022 until February 2023 using online platforms. Data from in-depth interviews were coded using NVivo Release 1.6.1. Then thematic analysis was performed.

Results

Respondents indicated remuneration and career-associated factors as the main determinants, emphasizing that work-life balance, personal motivations, and the flexibility to choose the type of workplace (hospital vs. outpatient clinic) were even more important. Young doctors expect flexibility in working hours and better working conditions in future work, and these factors are important when choosing a medical specialty. Significant difficulties during the selection of medical specialty include limited residency slots in preferred specializations and lack of knowledge concerning the everyday aspects of work in a particular specialty.

Conclusions

Factors and limitations influencing the choice of medical specialty should be taken into account by policymakers to address the shortages of doctors in deficit specialties. Knowledge about doctors’ preferences regarding their medical specialty could support the development of targeted policies to increase the attractiveness of deficit specialties and reduce the uneven distribution of medical staff.
Assessing inequalities in urban water security through geospatial analysis
Authors: Marçal Juliana , Shen Junjie , Antizar-Ladislao Blanca , Butler David , Hofman Jan
Published: February 2024

Water security, which is key for sustainable development, has been broadly investigated through different spatial scales, time frames and perspectives, as a multi-dimensional concept. Fast growth and the diversity of the urban environment add to the challenges of reaching good levels of water security in cities. Yet, few studies have focused on evaluating the heterogeneous distribution of water security in urban areas, which is a key step to highlight where inequalities in large cities are present and how to best guide interventions. The objective of this research is to investigate the spatial heterogeneity of urban water security as well as quantifying inequalities using the new assessment presented in this paper. A holistic indicator-based evaluation framework to intra-urban sectors of the city of Campinas in Brazil is applied, followed by an inequality analysis to describe the distribution of water security aspects. A spatial correlation analysis is then carried out to identify patterns for high inequality indicators. Results show that even though Campinas has established good overall water security conditions, spatial heterogeneity is still noticeable in the urban area. Quantification of inequality by the Theil index highlighted aspects, such as vegetation cover, social green areas, and wastewater collection, that are inequitably distributed in the urban area. The subsequent analysis of spatial patterns exposed areas on the outskirts of the city where infrastructure challenges and social vulnerability coincide. This novel approach has been therefore successfully validated in a city in Brazil, and it has been demonstrated that our water security assessment framework identifies what are the main water security challenges and where they are in the city. For the first time we show that associating spatial and inequality analysis with conventional evaluation of urban water security has the potential to help target areas in need and tackle specific water security issues in the urban area. This is crucial to inform urban planning and policy making for a sustainable and inclusive urban water management strategy.
De la Espacialidad Psicodélica en las Experiencias Virtuales. Un acercamiento a los espacios inmersivos de la contracultura para entender las nuevas experiencias digitales
Authors: Collado Arpia Manuel
Published: February 2024

El concepto de experiencia inmersiva se infiltró y fue creciendo dentro los programas del habitar contracultural que se iniciaron en los años 60 hasta aproximadamente mediados de los años 70, disolviendo y ampliando las geometrías que condicionaban las nuevas visiones psicodélicas. Estas visiones eran el resultado de ciertas prácticas como el consumo de sustancias psicoactivas que condujeron a la juventud hacia la idea de un despertar de la conciencia. Comprender los mecanismos que llevaron a la contracultura a modificar su espacialidad para lograr reproducir la riqueza de sus visiones, pasa por describir algunas de sus tipologías espaciales más relevantes. Empezando por diluir las paredes de los lugares que albergaron a la contracultura, y terminando por incorporar el repertorio tecnológico que desarrollaba la intensa experiencia de las discotecas en algunas tiendas de los años 60, los espacios de la psicodelia buscaron trascender su realidad física para sumergir al usuario en nuevas dimensiones. Cuando nos sumergimos precisamente en las actuales realidades virtuales digitales, encontramos experiencias muy simétricas con la mayoría de las tipologías visionarias de los años 60, incorporando por ejemplo, superficies animadas dotadas de nuevas propiedades o portales para acceder a otras realidades. En este sentido tanto los videojuegos como la ciencia ficción emplean esas mismas herramientas inmersivas que coinciden con los anhelos de la espacialidad psicodélica. Entender los mecanismos de navegación por una espacialidad digital, pasa por el análisis de algunos de los episodios más determinantes de la fenomenología espacial que desarrolla la contracultura en los años 60 y servirá para dotarnos de ciertas herramientas perceptivas gracias a la enorme coincidencia encontrada entre las experiencias psicodélicas y los nuevos espacios inmersivos digitales.
Are There Advantages in Cervical Intrafacetal Fusion With Minimal Posterolateral Fusion (PLF) Compared to Conventional PLF in Posterior Cervical Fusion?
Authors: Jang Sun Woo , Lee Sang Hyub , Joo Jeong Kyun , Shin Hong Kyung , Park Jin Hoon , Roh Sung Woo , Jeon Sang Ryong
Published: February 2024

Objective: We propose that cervical intrafacetal fusion (cIFF) using bone chip insertion into the facetal joint space additional to minimal PLF is a supplementary fusion method to conventional posterolateral fusion (PLF).Methods: Patients who underwent posterior cervical fixation accompanied by cIFF with minimal PLF or conventional PLF for cervical myelopathy from 2012 to 2023 were investigated retrospectively. Radiological parameters including Cobb angle and C2–7 sagittal vertical axis (SVA) were compared between the 2 groups. In cIFF with minimal PLF group, cIFF location and PLF location were carefully divided, and the fusion rates of each location were analyzed by computed tomography scan.Results: Among enrolled 46 patients, 31 patients were in cIFF group, 15 in PLF group. The postoperative change of Cobb angle in 1-year follow-up in cIFF with minimal PLF group and conventional PLF group were 0.1° ± 4.0° and -9.7° ± 8.4° respectively which was statistically lower in cIFF with minimal PLF group (p = 0.022). Regarding the fusion rate in cIFF with minimal PLF group in postoperative 6 months, the rates was achieved in 267 facets (98.1%) in cIFF location, and 244 facets (89.7%) in PLF location (p < 0.001).Conclusion: Postoperative sagittal alignment was more preserved in cIFF with minimal PLF group compared with conventional PLF group. Additionally, in cIFF with minimal PLF group, the bone fusion rate of cIFF location was higher than PLF location. Considering the concerns of bone chip migration onto the spinal cord and relatively low fusion rate in PLF method, applying cIFF method using minimized PLF might be a beneficial alternative for posterior cervical decompression and fixation.
contribuições da Educação Ambiental Freireana (EAF) para formação crítica dos estudantes
Authors: Ramos Mairtes de Fátima , Sander Nilo Leal
Published: February 2024

The contributions of Freirean Environmental Education (EAF) to the critical training of students
Os problemas ambientais na sociedade brasileira, exigem um comprometimento coletivo de todos. O primeiro passo é o investimento em educação e formação crítica. Neste sentido, o objetivo deste artigo é discutir as contribuições da Educação Ambiental Freireana (EAF) para formação dos estudantes da Educação Básica. A metodologia utilizada foi uma pesquisa de revisão bibliográfica, de natureza qualitativa. Conclui-se que a EAF contribui para a formação de indivíduos mais críticos e conscientes do seu papel em relação a crise socioambiental, mediante o diálogo, a utilização de temas geradores, debate e a proposição de intervenções na realidade, que vão além do ativismo simples da causa ambiental, mas sim, a intervenção transformadora na realidade.
Estudos de percepção ambiental em Unidades de Conservação
Authors: Rodrigues Karlen , Aparecida de Oliveira Sereia Diesse , Tiyomi Obara Ana
Published: February 2024

Environmental perception studies in Conservation Units: a systematic literature review O estudo da percepção ambiental, aliado à Educação Ambiental (EA), pode auxiliar no funcionamento efetivo das Unidades de Conservação (UCs). À vista disso, essa pesquisa teve como objetivo, identificar como estão sendo realizados os estudos de percepção ambiental em UCs brasileiras. A constituição do corpus se deu através do Portal CAPES, utilizando os descritores “percepção ambiental” e “unidades de conservação”, buscando artigos publicados nos últimos 10 anos. Os 33 artigos selecionados foram submetidos à Análise de Conteúdo  e à testes Qui-quadrado Exato de Fisher (p < 0,05). Os resultados evidenciaram que as pesquisas estão sendo realizadas em todo o país e com público variado, mas principalmente com moradores que vivem no entorno dessas áreas. A percepção ambiental varia de acordo com o conhecimento e admiração que estes possuem sobre as UCs. Destaca-se que, esta pesquisa, pode subsidiar ações de EA e Gestão Ambiental que promovam a participação social.
Manaus e a poluição de seus corpos d'água
Authors: Barro Andre Gama , Santiago Junior Aristides Felipe , Pedrosa da Silva Junior Washington Luiz
Published: February 2024

Manaus and the pollution of its water bodies: a look at the Igarapé do Mindu
Nos últimos tempos, o meio ambiente tem sido alvo de discussões constantes e acaloradas, estando no centro desses debates a enorme quantidade de lixo e resíduos sólidos que agridem a natureza e prejudicam a saúde das pessoas. Geralmente são resultado do consumismo desenfreado, da urbanização acelerada, do adensamento das cidades e da industrialização que a todo momento produz uma série de substâncias que começam a poluir a atmosfera, o solo e os rios. Levando em conta esta abordagem, o presente estudo tem como objetivo apresentar um conjunto de considerações sobre os principais fatores de contaminação e poluição do Igarapé do Mindu na cidade de Manaus e sobre as ações para a recuperação deste importante recurso hídrico.
A biopsychosocial perspective of mental health risk in Italy during phase two of the COVID-19 lockdown
Authors: Rossi Martina , Jarego Margarida , Ferreira-Valente Alexandra , Miró Jordi , Sánchez-Rodríguez Elisabet , Ciaramella Antonella
Published: February 2024

Abstract: Introduction: Research into the first phase of the COVID-19 lockdown in Italy showed an association with an increased susceptibility to adverse mental health (MH) in the general population. We investigated in the same population the correlations between the various demographic, socioeconomic, biological/clinical history and psychological dimensions and MH in the second,“opening-up”, phase of the lockdown. Methods: An anonymous online survey collected data from 26 May to 4 July 2020 on demographic, socioeconomic, perceived risk, general health and quality of life appraisals, worry, interference in life, life satisfaction, perceived happiness and MH by using Mental Health Inventory-5 (MHI-5). Results: Of the 300 participants, only 195 responded to MH questions. Older age was positively associated with better MH (r=.15), as was education (r=.19). A negative correlation with MH, with medium-high effect size, was found with quality of life (r=.40) and health (r=.34) appraisals, and the factors “worry about sustenance” (r=.23) and “interference with life” (r=.32). A positive correlation, with strong effect size, was found between MH and life satisfaction (r=.53) and perception of happiness (r=.64). Discussion: During phase two of the lockdown, rather the real impact of COVID-19 restrictions on employment or economic resources, it was worry about finances that was associated with worse MH. Mental distress was associated with the loss of some positive psychological factors. From a homeostatic and biopsychosocial perspective of MH, life satisfaction and perceivedhappiness represent important mental resources for counteracting the effects of lockdown on MH.
Psychometric properties of the Angolan version of the Reflective Functioning Questionnaire – 8 (RFQ-8): An exploratory study
Authors: Martins Karina , Benedito Luís , Farate Carlos , Daniel Fernanda , Vicente Henrique Testa
Published: February 2024

Abstract: The Reflective Functioning Questionnaire (RFQ-8) is a brief self-report psychometric instrument designed to assess an individual’s reflective functioning abilities. This study aimed to examine the psychometric properties of the Angolan version of the RFQ-8, namely, to assess its factor structure and to examine its correlations with related constructs and clinical variables in a sample of the general population of Angola.A cross-sectional study was conducted with 132 participants (aged ≥18 years) with Angolan residency and nationality, recruited through non-probability, convenience and snowball sampling procedures. The online research protocol included a Portuguese translation of the RFQ-8 and a battery of self- report measures (Brief Symptom Inventory; Adult Attachment Scale – Revised; Beck Cognitive Insight Scale).Consistent with previous research, results supported a two-factor structure for the RFQ-8 (assessing certainty and uncertainty about mental states; RFQc and RFQu subscales) with satisfactory internal consistency. RFQ-8 scores also showed significant correlations to psychopathological symptoms, suggesting a close relation between uncertainty about mental states and clinical problems, consistent with the mentalization framework; statistically significant relationships with different attachment patterns that support mentalization’s developmental schema; significant correlations with cognitive insight, a construct closely related to reflective functioning. Even though the RFQ-8 was designed to assess two impairments in reflective functioning (hypermentalization and hypomentalization), it seems that only hypomentalization is adequately addressed by this instrument. Further research is thus needed to analyze the probable unidimensionality of the RFQ-8 and the viability of different scoring procedures.In conclusion, this study offers preliminary evidence on the reliability and validity of the Angolan version of this scale. Besides its usefulness in clinical assessment, it could also contribute to developing research on mentalization and the efficacy of psychotherapeutic interventions, including patients’ responses to mentalization-based treatments.
Penerapan Sistem Manajemen Keamanan Informasi ISO 27001 pada Perpusnas RI dalam mendukung Keamanan Tata Kelola Teknologi Informasi
Authors: Fattah Ys Moh. Abdul , Parga Zen Bita , Wasitarini Dewi Endah
Published: February 2024

Perpustakaan Nasional RI (Perpusnas) merupakan sebuah institusi yang menyimpan dan mengelola informasi dan pengetahuan nasional, harus memastikan bahwa teknologi informasi yang digunakan dalam operasinya aman dan terlindungi dari serangan siber dan ancaman lainnya. Saat ini manajemen risiko tata kelola teknologi informasi (TI) pada Perpusnas belum diterapkan seperti Standar ISO 27001 tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah menyusun dampak risiko yang ada di Perpustakaan Nasional RI menggunakan standar ISO 27001. Penelitian ini mengadopsi pendekatan kualitatif dan data diperoleh melalui wawancara dengan Ketua Tim Audit Perpusnas yang terlibat dalam manajemen TI. Hasil dari penelitian adalah menemukan beberapa risiko yang masih belum terbaiki. Yang saya temukan diantara adalah atap ruangan yang rusak tidak diperbaiki, beberapa aset yang tidak teridentifikasi, pegawai yang merangkap tugas, dan kekurangannya pegawai. peneliti berharap dengan adanya penelitian ini pihak perpusnas segera diperbaiki untuk pelayanan yang lebih bagus kembali.
Kata kunci: ISMS, ISO 27001, Perpustakaan Nasional RI
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The National Library of Indonesia (Perpusnas) is an institution that stores and manages national information and knowledge, must ensure that the information technology used in its operations is safe and protected from cyber attacks and other threats. Currently, information technology (IT) governance risk management at the National Library has not been implemented according to the ISO 27001 standard. The purpose of this research is to compile the impact of risks that exist in the National Library of Indonesia using the ISO 27001 standard. This study adopted a qualitative approach and the data was obtained through interviews with the chairman. National Library of Indonesia Audit Team involved in IT management. The result of the research is to find some risks that are still not resolved. Researcher find that among them was the damaged roof of the room that was not repaired, several unidentified assets, employees who had multiple tasks, and a shortage of employees With this research, ideally, the National Library of Indonesia will immediately improve it for better service again.
Keywords: ISMS, ISO 27001, RI National Library
Diffractive swimming: Learning though a Robben Island crossing SPECIAL ISSUE
Authors:   Stellenbosch University, Stevens Marion
Published: February 2024

This is an experimental piece following 30 years of implementation work in sexual and reproductive justice. In 2021, I started my PhD and wild water swimming. While separate initiatives, my time in the sea enabled deep, slow, focused diffractive process in which my thoughts, connections, obstacles, engagements, relationships, memories, and writing flowed with the human embodiment of ocean watery swimming. After my proposal was finalised, I ventured further, wanting to spend time swimming distances. I joined a group training to do a Robben Island crossing. This paper documents the slow journey of my mind and body in regular practice and process. I remember some who have passed on known and unknown as Robben Island evokes ideas of individual and collective struggle. On the day of the crossing, it was clear then cloudy and rough. I was left with mist and turbulence and yet, I came to shore and my PhD continues.
Why does female voters prefer vote buying in local head elections?
Authors: Yanti Mery , Malinda Febrimarani , Tamsyah Indra
Published: February 2024

This study aims to analyze the determinants of vote buying preferences among female voters in local head elections. We identify eight independent variables (education, income, welfare, happiness, risk-taking attitude, place of residence, age, and marital status) as a predictor of Y. This research used the 5th Indonesian Family Life Survey (IFLS) data, which was collected by Rand Corporation, Ltd., during 2014 – 2015 in 13 (thirteen) provinces in Indonesia. The data were analyzed by logistic regression technique using STATA 15. The results showed that only four independent variables had a statistically significant relationship with Y: education level, risk-taking attitude, income level, and marital status. These four independent variables can explain Y by 2.48% significantly, X2 (4) = 357.23, p < 0.01. At the variable level, all variables have a negative relationship with Y, except for marital status (142%) which has the largest contribution to explain Y. The effect of income, risk-taking attituted, and education on Y respectively is 90.62%, 80.90%, 31.11%. The final model of logistic regression produces the characteristics of female voters who tend to choose candidates local head election due to money politics: education below senior high school/equivalent, married, poor, and not willing to take risks. The author recommends all governments at all levels continue the modernization process in all aspects of the social life of Indonesian citizens.
Mobility Restriction Policy and Poverty Impact of Covid-19 in Indonesia: Evidence from District-Level Data
Authors: Wiryawan Bangkit A.
Published: February 2024

This paper analyze the poverty impact of Covid-19 on regions of Indonesia using district-level data. Six provinces employed non-pharmaceutical measure namely PSBB (Pembatasan Sosial Berskala Besar) mobility restriction are set as the treated group. Meanwhile, our poverty variable is the share of population living below the poverty line against district total, calculated based on the basic needs approach. We employ difference-in-difference (DID) estimator to explore the poverty impact. Results state that while the Covid-19 impact is significant in the more industrialized and globally connected regions such as Java and Bali, provinces implementing PSBB policy suffer from 0.07 – 0.09 percentage points higher poverty incidence compared to the control. The impact is observed to be larger in the urban (city) area compared to the non-urban (districts). The finding suggests inadequacies of the government’s complementary responses in controlling poverty increase, suggesting the need for a more inclusive strategy such as implementing Universal Basic Income.
The Existence of Classical Malay Literature in the Era of Industrial Revolution 4.0
Authors: Effendy Chairil , Muhammad Asrori
Published: February 2024

This study aims to investigate the structure of Syair Gulung that are still being created, the materials, themes, the publics’ acceptance and the effectiveness of syair gulung. The Syair Gulung were studied from three books, namely Syair Bunga Jambu, Syair Gulung Ketapang and Kumpulan Naskah Lomba Syair Gulung. The heuristic and hermeneutic reading methods were used in this study. The findings indicate that the structure of Syair Gulung was relatively similar to the hundred-years-old general verse pattern: the opening and closing stanzas were formulaic, consisting of four words, rhyming a-a-a-a. Some of the materials that were processed into poetry came from folklore and some from daily social activities. The themes of Syair Gulung were related to love, greed, preservation of Malay culture, love for Islam and the Prophet of Muhammad as well as effort to create and maintain the harmonization of the nation and state. At the same time, given the fact that until present, Syair Gulung are still being created and sung on various occasions, even being contested among students and the general public. It can interpreted that Syair Gulung are still effective in carrying out the function as a medium for conveying certain messages.
Konsekwencje agresji Rosji na Ukrainę dla Afryki
Authors: Kaczmarek Filip
Published: February 2024

Celem badawczym jest ukazanie w jakich obszarach i w jaki sposób wojna na Ukrainie wpływa na Afrykę. Niektóre aspekty oddziaływania konfliktu na ten region są szeroko komentowane (dyplomacja, bezpieczeństwo żywnościowe). Inne są analizowane rzadziej. Należą do nich takie zagadnienia, jak: zmiany na rynku handlu bronią, polityka energetyczna Afryki, wpływ na pomoc rozwojową czy ewolucja aktywności militarnej mocarstw w Afryce. Pytania badawcze, na które próbowano odpowiedzieć to: na czym polegały ewentualne zmiany w tych obszarach i jakie mogą być konsekwencje tych zmian dla Afryki w przyszłości? W badaniach wykorzystano m.in. metodę analizy instytucjonalnej, systemowej i statystycznej. W badaniu wykorzystano dane wtórne dostępne do połowy lutego 2022 r.
Design and investigation of filterless sixtuple RoF upconversion system with improved sideband to carrier suppression ratio using MZM extinction ratio variance
Authors: Kumar Ajay , Singla Shelly , Kedia Deepak
Published: February 2024

In this work, millimeter wave generation of sixtuple frequency scheme using dual parallel Mach–Zehnder modulator configuration has been investigated. The proposed scheme is mathematically analyzed and its performance is evaluated using software optisystem v.18. The vital parameters of both Mach–Zehnder modulator and phase of radio frequency local oscillator are properly adjusted for upconversion of 10 GHz radio frequency drive signal into 60 GHz mm wave. The impact of Mach–Zehnder modulator extinction ratio on radio frequency sideband suppression ratio, optical sideband suppression ratio and third sideband to carrier suppression ratio, is evaluated. An improved 63 dB third sideband to carrier suppression ratio is achieved at increased extinction ratio of Mach–Zehnder modulator. Impact of bias point drift and electrical phase shift on sideband suppression ratios are evaluated. Further, millimeter wave signal of 6–60 GHz tunability is realized by applying radio frequency local oscillator signal from 1 to 10 GHz.
Self-hybridisation between interband transitions and Mie modes in dielectric nanoparticles
Authors: Tserkezis Christos , Stamatopoulou P. Elli , Wolff Christian , Mortensen N. Asger
Published: February 2024

We discuss the possibility of self-hybridisation in high-index dielectric nanoparticles, where Mie modes of electric or magnetic type can couple to the interband transitions of the material, leading to spectral anticrossings. Starting with an idealised system described by moderately high constant permittivity with a narrow Lorentzian, in which self-hybridisation is visible for both plane-wave and electron-beam excitation, we embark on a quest for realistic systems where this effect should be visible. We explore a variety of spherical particles made of traditional semiconductors such as Si, GaAs, and GaP. With the effect hardly discernible, we identify two major causes hindering observation of self-hybridisation: the very broad spectral fingerprints of interband transitions in most candidate materials, and the significant overlap between electric and magnetic Mie modes in nanospheres. We thus depart from the spherical shape, and show that interband–Mie hybridisation is indeed feasible in the example of GaAs cylinders, even with a simple plane-wave source. This so-far unreported kind of polariton has to be considered when interpreting experimental spectra of Mie-resonant nanoparticles and assigning modal characters to specific features. On the other hand, it has the potential to be useful for the characterisation of the optical properties of dielectric materials, through control of the hybridisation strength via nanoparticle size and shape, and for applications that exploit Mie resonances in metamaterials, highly-directional antennas, or photovoltaics.
A mixed perturbative-nonperturbative treatment for strong light-matter interactions
Authors: Sánchez Martínez Carlos J. , Feist Johannes , García-Vidal Francisco J.
Published: February 2024

The full information about the interaction between a quantum emitter and an arbitrary electromagnetic environment is encoded in the so-called spectral density. We present an approach for describing such interaction in any coupling regime, providing a Lindblad-like master equation for the emitter dynamics when coupled to a general nanophotonic structure. Our framework is based on the splitting of the spectral density into two terms. On the one hand, a spectral density responsible for the non-Markovian and strong-coupling-based dynamics of the quantum emitter. On the other hand, a residual spectral density including the remaining weak-coupling terms. The former is treated nonperturbatively with a collection of lossy interacting discrete modes whose parameters are determined by a fit to the original spectral density in a frequency region encompassing the quantum emitter transition frequencies. The latter is treated perturbatively under a Markovian approximation. We illustrate the power and validity of our approach through numerical simulations in three different setups, thus offering a variety of scenarios for a full test, including the ultra-strong coupling regime.
Photoelectric tunable-step terahertz detectors: a study on optimal antenna parameters, speed, and temperature performance
Authors: Chen Ran , Xia Ruqiao , Griffiths Jonathan , Beere Harvey E. , Ritchie David A. , Michailow Wladislaw
Published: February 2024

Field effect transistors have shown promising performance as terahertz (THz) detectors over the past few decades. Recently, a quantum phenomenon, the in-plane photoelectric effect, was discovered as a novel detection mechanism in gated two-dimensional electron gases (2DEGs), and devices based on this effect, photoelectric tunable-step (PETS) THz detectors, have been proposed as sensitive THz detectors. Here, we demonstrate a PETS THz detector based on GaAs/AlGaAs heterojunction using a dipole antenna. We investigate the dependence of the in-plane photoelectric effect on parameters including the dimensions and the operating temperature of the device. Two figures of merit within the 2DEG, the maximum electric field and the radiation-induced ac-potential difference, are simulated to determine the optimal design of the PETS detector antenna. We identify the optimal antenna gap size, metal thickness, and 2DEG depth, and demonstrate the first PETS detector with a symmetric dipole antenna, which shows high-speed detection of 1.9 THz radiation with a strong photoresponse. Our findings deepen the understanding of the in-plane photoelectric effect and provide a universal guidance for the design of future PETS THz detectors.
Kinetic and Kinematic Characteristics Underpinning Change of Direction Performance in Basketball: A Comparative Study Between Sexes and Tests
Authors: Baena-Raya Andrés , Díez-Fernández David M. , Martínez-Rubio Carlos , Conceição Filipe , López-Sagarra Andrés
Published: February 2024

Baena-Raya, A, Díez-Fernández, DM, Martínez-Rubio, C, Conceição, F, and López-Sagarra, A. Kinetic and kinematic characteristics underpinning change of direction performance in basketball: A comparative study between sexes and tests. J Strength Cond Res XX(X): 000–000, 2023—This study (a) evaluated the sex-specific kinetic and kinematic outcomes underpinning change of direction (COD) performance, (b) compared these outcomes across 3 different COD tests, and (c) examined the sex-specific and test-specific outcome most strongly related to COD performance in basketball players. Thirty young basketball players (17 males and 13 females) competing at the national level were assessed for the modified 505 test, modified T test, and V-cut test. The Local Positioning System technology (WIMU PRO, Realtrack Systems S.L., Almería, Spain) was used to measure the maximum values of acceleration (ACCmax), deceleration (DECmax), velocity (VELmax), and centripetal force (CentFmax) in each COD test. Male players displayed greater ACCmax, VELmax, DECmax, and CentFmax outputs for each section of the 505 test, T test, and V-cut test (all p < 0.05), resulting in a faster COD performance than females across tests (all ES > −1.42; 95% CI = −3.45 to −0.57). The 505 test demanded significantly greater kinematic outputs than T test and V-cut test for both sexes (p < 0.01). The ACCmax explained ∼26–58% of the variability in COD time for males across tests (p < 0.05) and 40% in females' modified 505-test time (p < 0.05). Likewise, in females, DECmax explained 38% of the modified T-test time variability, whereas VELmax explained 53% in the V-cut test time (both p < 0.05). These findings suggest that (a) COD data should not be used interchangeably across sexes, (b) test specificities should be considered for designing COD training, and (c) the kinematic outcomes explaining COD performance might vary across sexes.
Cypin Inhibition as a Therapeutic Approach to Treat Spinal Cord Injury–Induced Mechanical Pain
Authors: Singh Nisha K. , Gandu Srinivasa R. , Li Lun , Ni Li , Acioglu Cigdem , Mirabelli Ersilia , Hiester Liam L. , Elkabes Stella , Firestein Bonnie L.
Published: February 2024

Cypin (cytosolic postsynaptic density protein 95 interactor) is the primary guanine deaminase in the central nervous system (CNS), promoting the metabolism of guanine to xanthine, an important reaction in the purine salvage pathway. Activation of the purine salvage pathway leads to the production of uric acid (UA). UA has paradoxical effects, specifically in the context of CNS injury as it confers neuroprotection, but it also promotes pain. Since neuropathic pain is a comorbidity associated with spinal cord injury (SCI), we postulated that small molecule cypin inhibitor B9 treatment could attenuate SCI-induced neuropathic pain, potentially by interfering with UA production. However, we also considered that this treatment could hinder the neuroprotective effects of UA and, in doing so, exacerbate SCI outcomes. To address our hypothesis, we induced a moderate midthoracic contusion SCI in female mice and assessed whether transient intrathecal administration of B9, starting at 1 d postinjury (dpi) until 7 dpi, attenuates mechanical pain in hindlimbs at 3 weeks pi. We also evaluated the effects of B9 on the spontaneous recovery of locomotor function. We found that B9 alleviates mechanical pain but does not affect locomotor function. Importantly, B9 does not exacerbate lesion volume at the epicenter. In accordance with these findings, B9 does not aggravate glutamate-induced excitotoxic death of SC neurons in vitro. Moreover, SCI-induced increased astrocyte reactivity at the glial scar is not altered by B9 treatment. Our data suggest that B9 treatment reduces mechanical pain without exerting major detrimental effects following SCI.
Análisis de la reforma del Código Penal llevada a cabo por la L.O. 11/2022, de 13 de septiembre, en materia de imprudencia en la conducción de vehículos a motor o ciclomotor
Authors: Rodríguez Moro Luis
Published: February 2024

La reforma del Código Penal por la LO 11/2022 es consecuencia de las dudas generadas tras la creación de la categoría de imprudencia menos grave, tras la eliminación de las faltas del Código en 2015, momento en el que se recondujo la imprudencia leve al ámbito administrativo. Algunos/as jueces/as siguieron con la inercia de seguir interpretando la leve en los mismos términos con los que se interpretaba antes de dicho cambio lo que generó un aumento de autos de archivo de causas de imprudencia en el ámbito vial. La reforma intenta frenar esta tendencia. Este trabajo efectúa una valoración profunda de esta reforma. También evalúa el hecho de que se haya establecido la pena privativa del permiso de conducir como obligatoria en los delitos de homicidio y lesiones cometidos por imprudencia menos grave, cuando se producen en el ámbito vial. Finalmente, analiza una modificación en el delito de abandono del lugar del accidente.
Child Health and the US Pediatric Subspecialty Workforce: Planning for the Future
Authors: Leslie Laurel K. , Orr Colin J. , Turner Adam L. , Mink Richard , Leonard Mary B. , Sabadosa Kathryn A. , Vinci Robert J.
Published: February 2024

This article opens a multi-article Pediatrics supplement that provides a rigorous analysis of the projected pediatric subspecialty workforce in the United States. Congenital variations, epigenetics, exposures, lifestyle, preventive care, and medical interventions from conception through young adulthood set the stage for health and wellbeing in adulthood. Although care provided by pediatric subspecialists is associated with better outcomes and lower costs compared with adult providers, the authors of recent articles in the lay and medical literature have questioned the capacity of pediatric subspecialists to meet children’s health care needs. This article highlights that, despite numerous advances in prevention, diagnosis, and treatment, the last decade has witnessed increasing numbers of children with acute or chronic physical and mental health disorders, including medical complexity, obesity, type 2 diabetes, anxiety, depression, and suicidality, all of which are exacerbated by poverty, racism, and other social drivers of health. In this article, we then describe the variability in the demographics, practice characteristics, and geographic distribution of the 15 core pediatric subspecialties certified by the American Board of Pediatrics. We then discuss the rationale and approach to the development of a pediatric subspecialty workforce model that forecasts subspecialist supply from 2020 to 2040 for 14 subspecialties at the national and subnational levels (not including the newest subspecialty, pediatric hospital medicine), accounting for US Census Bureau child population projections. The model does not account for the unique physical and mental needs of individual children, nor does it address the increasingly precarious commitment to, and financing of, pediatric subspecialty care in the US health care system impacting market demand.
Child Health Needs and the Pediatric Cardiology Workforce: 2020–2040
Authors: Frank Lowell H. , Glickstein Julie , Brown David W. , Mink Richard B. , Ross Robert D.
Published: February 2024

This article evaluates the pediatric cardiology (PC) workforce and forecasts its future supply. Produced as part of a supplement in Pediatrics, this effort represents a collaboration among the American Board of Pediatrics Foundation, the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill’s Carolina Health Workforce Research Center, the Strategic Modeling and Analysis Ltd., and members of the pediatric subspecialty community. PC is a complex subspecialty including care from fetal life through adulthood and in practice settings that range from the outpatient clinic to procedural settings to the cardiac ICU. Complex subdisciplines include imaging, electrophysiology, heart failure, and interventional and critical care. Using American Board of Pediatrics data, US Census Bureau data, and data from the modeling project, projections were created to model the subspecialty workforce through 2040. Across all modeling scenarios considered, there is considerable projected growth in the supply of pediatric cardiologists by 2040. However, there is significant regional variation in the projected supply of trainees relative to demand in terms of local population growth, with evidence of a likely mismatch between areas surrounding training centers versus areas of greatest workforce need. In addition, this article highlights areas for future focus, including efforts to attract more residents to the subspecialty in general, particularly underrepresented minority members; increased support, more part-time career options, and improved academic career advancement for women in PC; and the development of better “real-time” workforce data to guide trainees and training programs in decisions regarding sub-subspecialty job availability.