bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
College faculty experiences with online teaching during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Rogers Jennifer , Reid Kristin , Byers Dina , Cross Summer , Fowler Anna , Thurmond Janice , Todd Dana
Published: November 2022

Objective: The COVID-19 pandemic led to a rapid transition in operations for higher education institutions. The delivery of traditional teaching methods shifted to online instruction. Much of the research has explored student experiences during COVID-19 pandemic. The purpose of this project was to explore faculty experiences with COVID-19 in a Midwest state within the United States.Methods: The team utilized a convenience sample of faculty employed at colleges and universities in a Midwest state that taught in the spring of 2020. An email was sent to the faculty, informing them about the nature and purpose of the study and the criteria for participation along with a link to the survey. The survey was a 33-item online survey utilizing Qualtrics®.Results: The sample size for this study was N = 329. Majority of respondents (n = 89) felt that the transition to online learning was difficult. Lastly, common challenges reported were communication with students and peers and isolation.Conclusions: Understanding faculty experiences during the COVID-19 pandemic is essential to future teaching curriculum. The majority of faculty felt that transition to online learning was difficult and affected their mental wellbeing. Communication with students was identified as the biggest challenge for faculty. Yet, faculty felt as though student grades were not affected. As future curriculum and faculty experiences are explored, an emphasis on improving student-faculty communication must be priority. Exploration regarding mental wellness services and resources should be considered for faculty within higher education institutions.
Pot do samostojnega uporabnika spletnih arhivskih informacijskih sistemov
Authors: Maršič Eva
Published: November 2022

Arhivi niso namenjeni sami sebi, arhivistova tradicionalna vloga se z objavo arhivskih zbirk podatkov na spletu počasi spreminja, vedno bolj se poudarja samostojnost uporabnika spletnih arhivskih zbirk podatkov. Spletne podatkovne zbirke so namenjene prav temu, ne glede na vrsto uporabnika in ne glede na namen, zaradi katerega uporabnik informacije išče. Avtorica je z metodo kompilacije povzela rezultate raziskav, ki so bile do zdaj glede uporabnikov in spletnih arhivskih zbirk opravljene v Sloveniji.
Pengaruh Pembelajaran Kooperatif Informal TWPS terhadap Kemampuan Berpikir Kritis Peserta Didik Berbantuan Utapps LMS Schoology
Authors: Ummah Rakhmatul , Fiqry Rizalul
Published: November 2022

Adanya perkembangan teknologi informasi secara tidak langsung mempengaruhi proses pembelajaran dengan menggunakan proses pembelajaran berbasis TIK, oleh karenanya penggunaan internet dalam pembelajaran sangat penting. Penggunaan internet dalam kegiatan pembelajaran dikenal dengan istilah blended learning dengan memadukan pertemuan tatap muka dan pertemuan secara daring. Salah satu media pembelajaran yang menerapkan metode pembelajaran blended learning adalah Schoology. Schoology adalah suatu Learning management system (LMS) yang menggabungkan fitur social media sehingga dapat berinteraksi sosial sambil belajar, peneliti percaya bahwa dengan memadukan pembelajaran kooperatif dengan menggunakan LMS maka akan membantu proses pembelajaran, pembelajaran kooperatif yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah Think Write pair Share, penelitian ini merupakan penelitian eksperimen dengan menggunakan model desain pre-test post-test control group design. Subjek penelitian terdiri dari dua kelompok yaitu kelompok eksperimen dan kelompok kontrol. Semua kelompok diberikan pre-test dan postest (instrumen untuk mengukur kemampuan berpikir kritis), Tahap terakhir adalah pengolahan data dan analisis data menggunakan ANCOVA, berdasarkan hasil analisis data pembelajaran kooperatif TWPS berbantuan Utaaps LMS Schoology dapat meningkatkan kemampuan berpikir kritis peserta didik dengan taraf signifikansi 0,005.
Efektivitas Media Audio-Visual terhadap Keterampilan Menyimak Pembelajaran Tematik Tema 8 Subtema 3 Pembelajaran 1 Peserta Didik Kelas V SD
Authors: Nabila Salma , Winanto Adi
Published: November 2022

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui efektivitas penggunaan media audio-visual dan media konvensional terhadap peningkatan keterampilan menyimak peserta didik kelas V SD. Penelitian ini termasuk penelitian eksperimen. Metode dalam penelitian ini menggunakan desain nonequivalent control group design dengan subjek penelitian seluruh pesera didik kelas V SD Negeri Plumbon 01 sebagai kelas eksperimen dan kelas kontrol. Kelas eksperimen diberi perlakuan dengan menggunakan media audio-visual dan kelas kontrol diberi perlakuan dengan media konvensional. Teknik pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan observasi dan tes. Uji prasyarat menunjukkan kedua kelas homogen dan berdistribusi normal. Uji t menggunakan uji t Independent Sample Test yang menunjukkan thitung 3,255 dan siginifikan 0,003 < 0,05 yang artinya H0 ditolak dan Ha diterima. Hal ini menunjukkan adanya perbedaan efektivitas yang signifikan. Selanjutnya dilakukan uji normalitas gain yang menunjukkan media audio-visual lebih efektif dibanding dengan media konvensional.
Implementasi Blended Learning dalam Meningkatkan Pemahaman pada Mata Kuliah Pembelajaran IPA SD
Authors: Bua Agustinus Toding , Agustina Degi Alrinda , Permatasari Nikmah , Ayuni Medianisa , Retnaningati Dewi
Published: November 2022

Pelaksanaan Pendidikan menuntut mahasiswa untuk memahami materi yang diberikan selama pelaksanaan pembelajaran. Namun demikian, mahasiswa masih mengalami kesulitan belajar dalam memahami materi yang diberikan oleh dosen. Untuk itu perlu adanya pemilihan dan penggunaan metode yang tepat dalam menyajikan suatu materi sesuai perkembangan teknologi informasi saat ini, salah satunya dosen dapat menerapkan model pembelajaran Blended Learning, yaitu merupakan pembelajaran yang mengintegrasikan pembelajaran yang menggabungkan berbagai sumber secara fisik dan maya (virtual). Penelitian ini menggunakan jenis penelitian kualitatif dengan rancangan penelitian deskriptif. Teknik yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah teknik pengukuran berupa tes pemahaman konsep. Tes ini berupa soal pilihan ganda untuk mengetahui pemahaman siswa. Analisis hasil tes ini digunakan untuk mengukur pemahaman konsep siswa sesuai dengan indikator-indikator yang sudah ditentukan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan adanya peningkatan pemahaman mahasiswa PGSD UBT terhadap mata kuliah Pembelajaran IPA SD. Persentase mahasiswa yang memiliki tingkat pemahaman kategori sangat baik sebelum penerapan blended learning yaitu sebanyak 13,33%. Adapun Setelah penerapan blended learning, persentase mahasiswa yang memiliki tingkat pemahaman kategori sangat baik pada siklus I yaitu 23,33% dan pada siklus II meningkat menjadi 30%.
Peran Guru pada Pembelajaran Tatap Muka Terbatas
Authors: Ardiansyah Ardiansyah , Mahmud Melizubaida , Panigoro Meyko , Hafid Radia
Published: November 2022

Efek yang ditimbulkan pada pemebelajaran online berakibat pada learning loss pada peserta didik. Penurunan kasus positif covid-19 di kabupaten gorontalo serta upaya untuk mengurangi learning loss pada peserta didik dilakukan dengan melaksanakan pembelajran tatap muka terbatas. Pelaksanakaan pada pembelajaran tatap muka terbatas harus ada penyusaian dan beradaptasi pada kondisi new normal covid-19. Tujuan penilitian ini adalah untuk mengatahui peran guru sebagai variabel intervening dalam memediasi pengaruh pembelajaran tatap muka terbatas terhadapa hasil belajar peserta diddik masa new normal covid-19. Metode penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif dengan metode studi lapangan dan konfirmatori. Analisis data dilakukan dengan pendekatan Structural Equation Modelling (SEM) dengan teknik Partial Least Square. Alat bantu software yang digunakan Smart PLS 3.3.2. Penelitian dilakukan di SMK 2 Paguyaman kabupaten Gorontalo, teknik pengumpulan data dengan purposive sampling. Hasil pada penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa peran guru dapat memediasi pengaruh hubungan pembelajaran tatap muka terbatas terhadap hasil belajar peserta didik di SMK 2 Paguyaman Kabupaten Gorontalo.
Factors Affecting the Service Quality of Lazada in Vietnam
Authors: Trinh Thi Thu Huong , Nguyen Kim Huong , Le Thi Viet Nga
Published: November 2022

In the context of long social distancing during months of the pandemic Covid-19, new trends in commerce and unprecedented consuming behaviors were created. One of them is the exponential growth of e-commerce all over the world. In Vietnam, the market has never observed such a prosperous condition for e-commerce companies before: the number of online shoppers, monthly e-commerce web visits, and consumers’ spending on online purchases doubled or even tripled compared to the previous year. Nonetheless, staying strong in the competition requires companies to possess great differentiation from competitors, which usually comes from service quality. This study is conducted to assess factors influencing the service quality of Lazada, the second leading company in the market, hence suggesting a direction for the company to enhance its service quality factors. To identify and analyze the impact of factors on service quality, responses of 148 Lazada users in Hanoi and Ho Chi Minh City were collected through purposive sampling. Hypotheses will be validated by conducting linear regression analysis with SPSS software. The findings indicate that efficiency, fulfillment, compensation, responsiveness, and contact are all positively influential to Lazada’s service quality.
Impact of the government’s financial support policy on technology innovation decisions of small and medium enterprise in Ho Chi Minh city
Authors: Pham Thi Ngoc Mai , Nguyen Thi Quy , Nguyen Thi Cong Dzung
Published: November 2022

The paper examines the impact of the government's financial support policy on technological innovation decisions in 150 small and medium enterprises (SMEs) in Ho Chi Minh City. The study uses the Binary logistic model to quantify the influence of the government’s financial support policies on the decision to innovate technology of enterprises. The survey was collected directly from 150 small and medium sized enterprises in 6 districts of Ho Chi Minh City. Research results show that the government's financial support policy has a positive impact on the enterprises’ technological innovation decisions. However, this policy is not effective at high-grossing enterprises. Additionally, the technological innovation decisions are affected by other factors, including the operating time and the volumn of the enterprise, and the market competitiveness. The research findings propose suggestions to improve the effectiveness of this policy on technological innovation decisions in SMEs.
PEMBERDAYAAN PERILAKU MEMBUANG SAMPAH DAN PENGGUNAAN SAMPAH PLASTIK DI KAMPUNG BARANGKA KECAMATAN MANGANITU
Authors: Patras Mareike Doherty , Gansalangi Ferdinand
Published: November 2022

Berdasarkan data yang disampaikan oleh Meteri Lingkungan Hidup dan Kehutanan (LHK) menyebutkan bahwa timbunan sampah di Indonesia tahun 2020 mencapai 67,8 ton. Pertumbuhan jumlah penduduk juga diperkirakan akan membuat jumlah ini terus meningkat. Sampah plastik di Indonesia mencapai 64 juta ton per tahun 3,2 ton yang dibuang ke laut dan yang dibuang dilingkungan sebanyak 10 miliar lembar sampah pertahun atau sebanyak 85.000 per tahun. Permasalahan sampah yang begitu kompleks disebabkan karena kurangnya pengetahuan masyarakat tentang pentingnya kebersihan dan kesehatan lingkungan, disebabkan karena kurangnya informasi yang diterima, ditunjang dengan bagaimana masyarakat bersikap dan bertindak. Berdasarkan survey masyarakat pesisir pantai Kampung Barangka mempunyai kebiasaan membuang sampah di pantai. Tujuan penelitian ingin mengetahui Perilaku Masyarakat dalam Membuang Sampah di Pesisir Pantai Kampung Barangka Kecamatan Manganitu Kabupaten Kepulauan Sangihe. Jenis penelitian deskriptif metode survey. Hasil penelitian masyarakat pesisir pantai Kampung barangka berpengetahuan baik, bersikap baik namun bertindak kurang baik dalam melakukan perilaku hidup bersih sehat.

Based on data submitted by the Ministry of Environment and Forestry (LHK) it is stated that the landfill in Indonesia in 2020 reached 67.8 tons. Population growth is also expected to make this number continue to increase. Plastic waste in Indonesia reaches 64 million tons per year, 3.2 tons are dumped into the sea and 10 billion pieces of waste are thrown into the environment per year, or as much as 85,000 per year. The problem of waste is so complex due to a lack of public knowledge about the importance of environmental hygiene and health, due to the lack of information received, supported by how people behave and act. Based on a survey, the coastal community of Barangka Village has a habit of throwing garbage on the beach. The purpose of the study was to find out about Community Behavior in Disposing of Garbage on the Coastal Coast of Barangka Village, Manganitu District, Sangihe Islands Regency. This type of research is the descriptive survey method. The results of the research of the coastal community of Barangka Village have good knowledge, and behave well but act poorly in carrying out clean and healthy living behavior.
ANALISIS HUBUNGAN FAKTOR PSIKOSOSIAL TERHADAP TINDAKAN TIDAK SELAMAT PEKERJA PADA PROYEK KONSTRUKSI PADA KETINGGIAN DI TANGERANG
Authors: Simanjorang Chandrayani , Daud Alfani Ghutsa
Published: November 2022

Kontruksi merupakan sektor yang identik dengan risiko kecelakaan kerja yang tinggi. Kegiatan yang terdapat dalam proyek konstruksi dapat menjadi sumber berbagai bahaya. Pada bulan Maret 2022 terdapat 4 dari 10 pekerja di proyek konstruksi X yang melakukan tindakan tidak selamat dan satu diantaranya mengalami kecelakaan dari ketinggian. Adapun faktor-faktor risiko yang mempengaruhi tindakan tidak selamat diantaranya usia, masa kerja, pengetahuan, pendidikan, keluhan fisiologis, dan keluhan kebiasaan sehari – hari. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan faktor psikososial dengan tindakan tidak selamat pada pekerja proyek konstruksi pada ketinggian di Tangerang. Desain penelitian yang digunakan adalah desain studi cross-sectional. Analisis statistik menggunakan uji chi square dimana sampelnya sebanyak 102 pekerja yang dipilih menggunakan metode simple random sampling. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian terdapat 42 dari 102 pekerja (41,2%) melakukan tindakan tidak selamat. Variabel pengetahuan, keluhan fisiologis, keluhan kebiasaan sehari-hari berhubungan dengan tindakan tidak selamat. Dengan demikian perusahaan dapat melakukan sosialisasi/edukasi kepada pekerja terkait materi tindakan tidak selamat serta penerapan tindakan selamat sehingga para pekerja lebih safety dalam bekerja.

Construction work is an identical sector with a high risk of work accidents. Activities involved in construction projects can be a source of various hazards. In March 2022, 4 out of 10 workers committed unsafe acts and one of them had an accident from a height. Age, years of service, knowledge, education, physiological complaints, and complaints of daily habits have been known to be risk factors and causes of a tendency towards unsafe actions. This study aims to analyze the relationship between psychosocial factors and unsafe acts on constructio n project height workers in Tangerang. This research uses quantitative analytics with a crosssectional design study. Data were analyzed using chi-square with a sample of 102 workers selected by a simple random sampling method. This study showed that 42 of 102 workers (41,2%) performed unsafe actions. Results from this study indicate that there is a significant relationship between knowledge, physiological disorders, and disorders of daily habits. Socializing and educating workers about dangerous acts and applying safety measures to make workers safer at work.
Length-Weight Relationship and Relative Condition Factor of Hilsa (Tenualosa Ilisha) Fishes in the Bay of Bengal, Bangladesh
Authors: Flura  , Moniruzzaman Md , Alam Mohammad Ashraful , Rahman Md Hashibur , Didar Md Abu Kawser , Ali Azhar , Rashid Md Harunor , Rahman Md Anisur , Mahmud Yahia
Published: November 2022

The present study describes the associated relationship between the length-weight, sex ratio and related condition factor of Tenualosa ilisha based on the length and weight data collected from the commercial landing station of BFDC, Cox’s Bazar, from January 2019 to December 2019. The work was carried out on 866 specimens (307 male and 559 female) ranging from 8.4 to 53.6 cm in length and weight of fishes ranging from 7 to 1977g, respectively. The reproductive attributes of T. ilisha appeared in the sex proportions (M: F=1:2) which revealed the prevalence of females in comparison with males. The external observation was taken into consideration to determine the gender of Hilsa. The relationship of length-weight was fitted with the pooled data for males and females independently of all month-to-month samples which results the BW=0.0104TL2.9795 (R2=0.9636) and BW=0.0019TL3.4689 (R2=0.8461) respectively. The results expressed a higher correlation in between the length-weight (r>0.91). The length wise relative condition factor of T. ilisha was estimated as 1.02, 0.9, 1.05, 1.03, and 1.02 at the length group of 0-20, 21-30, 31-40, 41-50, 51-60 respectively indicating fluctuation of condition factor within the size group. The overall KR for T. ilisha was 0.9-1.22 in which maximum KR was found in July while the minimum was in March. The KR was strongly correlated with TL and BW.
Pregnancy diagnosis by laparoscopy in free range rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta)
Authors: Kumar V , No author No author , Raj A , Kumar P
Published: November 2022

The present study involved 50 adult female rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatto) of age ranging between 4 to 15 years. Pregnancy diagnosis was done by using laparoscopic method. Anesthesia was achieved by using xylazine (2mg/kg) and ketamine (10mg/kg) intramuscularly. The gravid uterus was located close to the urinary bladder in early pregnancy and in abdominal cavity in the mid and late stage of pregnancy. The procedure was completed within 10 - 12 minutes. There were no complications after the surgery and recovery of animal was smooth and uneventful. The results of this study showed that laparoscopic method is also one of the methods of pregnancy diagnosis in rhesus macaques and it can be a precise and a reliable method of pregnancy diagnosis in rhesus macaques.
Ovine rotaviruses
Authors: Gazal S , Mir I , Iqbal A , No author No author , Taku A , Kumar B , Bhat M
Published: November 2022

Rotavirus has been recognized as a predominant cause of acute diarrhea in young animals and humans. Rotavirus has segmented genome composed of 11 segments of double stranded RNA. The virus has a triple layered protein shell consisting of a core, an inner capsid and an outer capsid. The inner capsid protein is responsible for group specificity and based on it rotaviruses are classified into seven groups. Ovine rotavirus strains have only been identified into two serogroups (A and B). The two outer capsid proteins (VP7 and VP4) are responsible for G and P typing of rotavirus, respectively. Although rotavirus has been frequently reported in many animal species, data regarding ovine rotavirus strains is very scanty and limited. Only a few ovine rotaviruses have been isolated and characterized so far. Recently, the G and P types circulating in ovines have been identified. The ovine rotavirus strain NT isolated from a diarrheic lamb in China is being considered as a promising vaccine candidate for human infants.
Role of bovine herpesvirus type 5 (BoHV-5) in diseases of cattle. Recent findings on BoHV-5 association with genital disease
Authors: Favier P , No author No author , Marin M , rez and , No author No author
Published: November 2022

Bovine herpesvirus type 5 (BoHV-5) belongs to the family Herpesviridae, subfamily Alphaherpesvirinae, genus Varicellovirus. This virus is a major causative agent of non-suppurative meningoencephalitis in young cattle. It was first isolated in 1962 from a neurological disease outbreak in Australia. BoHV-5 is genetically and antigenically related to bovine herpesvirus type 1 (BoHV-1), a highly prevalent virus responsible for respiratory and genital disease in cattle. Initially, BoHV-5 was considered a subtype of BoHV-1 (BoHV-1.3). However, the exclusive presentation of outbreaks of neurological disease suggested that the virus was a new agent with characteristics of neuropathogenicity. Even though both are neurotropic viruses, only BoHV-5 is capable of replicating extensively in the central nervous system and inducing neurological disease. Occasionally, encephalitis caused by BoHV-1 has been reported. Like other alpha-herpesviruses, BoHV-5 can establish latency in nervous ganglia and, by stress factors or glucocorticoid treatment, latent virus can be reactivated. During episodes of reactivation, the virus is excreted in nasal, ocular and genital secretions and transmitted to other susceptible hosts. Recently, BoHV-5 has been associated with infection of the reproductive tract. The virus has been isolated and the presence of viral DNA has been demonstrated in semen samples from Brazil and Australia and natural transmission of the virus through contaminated semen has also been described. Embryos and oocytes are permissive for BoHV-5 infection and BoHV-5 DNA has been detected in the central nervous system of aborted fetuses. The objective of this review is to compile the limited information on the recent association between BoHV-5 and reproductive disorders in cattle.
Efficacy of a combined protocol for re-insemination of open cows after early pregnancy diagnosis using ultrasonography and its effect on fertility
Authors: Gaja A , No author No author , Dahash S , Kubota C , Hatazoe T
Published: November 2022

The objective of the present field study was to establish the beneficial effects of re-insemination of non-pregnant cows using ultrasonography 20 to 23 days after the artificial insemination. A total of 245 Japanese Black cows were artificially inseminated and early pregnancy diagnosis (EPD) was performed on 92 cows 20 days after insemination, using ultrasonography. The remaining 153 cows were considered as negative controls in which routine rectal palpation was performed for pregnancy diagnosis 45-50 days post-insemination. EPD revealed that eleven of the 92 cows (12%) were infertile due to ovarian abnormalities and were thus excluded from the rest of the study. Forty-eight (59%) of the remaining 81 cows were diagnosed as pregnant, while the other 33 (41%) were diagnosed as non-pregnant. Of these non-pregnant cows, 17 of them received a dose of an analogue of the gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH analogue) and were then timed-inseminated, while the other 16 were observed for estrus signs, and 13 of them (81%) were artificially inseminated. Rates of conception were 35% and 38% in the GnRH and the artificially inseminated groups, respectively (P>0.05). Total pregnancy rate for the EPD group increased significantly (74%) (P<0.01) when compared to the control cows (54%) within the same period. In conclusion, our field study demonstrated that re-insemination of non-pregnant cows following EPD is highly efficacious not only in improving the rate of fertility via reducing inter-insemination and inter-calving intervals, but also aids in the early detection of ovarian disorders.
Frequency and type of toenail tumors in the dromedary camel
Authors: Siddiqui M , Kubati S , Telfah M , Hashmi J
Published: November 2022

A total of 275 dromedary camels (16 males and 259 females) of local “Arabiyat” breed suffering from different types and degrees of severity of toenail tumors were surgically treated. Histopathological examination of the tissue samples removed from 50 tumor-like growths (2 males and 48 females) revealed three types of tumors; squamous cell carcinoma (70%), spiny keratoderma (22%) and fibroma (8%). An increased incidence of tumors was recorded in the medial when compared to the lateral toenails in both sexes. In females, the incidence in the medial toenails was 90/259 (34.75%) and 71/259 (27.41%) in the right and left forelimbs respectively when compared to the lateral toenails which was 25/259 (9.65%) and 5/259 (1.93%) for the respective right and left forelimbs. In the hind limbs, this ratio was 29/259 (11.20%) and 20/259 (7.72%) for right and left medial toenails respectively, whereas it was 17/259 (6.56%) and 2/259 (0.77%) for the right and left lateral toenails respectively. Similar to the observations in female camels, male camels also showed a higher incidence of these tumors in the medial when compared to the lateral toenails in both fore and hind limbs. Based on these findings, we conclude that in the dromedary camels, the medial toenails of the fore limbs are most commonly affected with tumors; with the most common tumor being the squamous cell carcinoma.
A comparison of surgical outcomes of perineal urethrostomy plus penile resection and perineal urethrostomy in twelve calves with perineal or prescrotal urethral dilatation
Authors: Marzok M , khodery and , No author No author
Published: November 2022

The clinical diagnosis, ultrasonographic findings, surgical management, outcome, and survival rate of perineal or prescrotal urethral dilatation in 12 male calves are described. All calves were crossbred and intact males. The most noticeable clinical presentations were perineal (n= 10) or prescrotal (n= 2) swellings and micturition problems. The main ultrasonographic findings were oval shaped dilatation of the urethra in all animals with dimensions of 40-75 X 30-62 mm. The calves with perineal urethral dilatation were treated by perineal urethrostomy (n= 4) and partial penile transection including the dilated urethra and urethral fistulation (n= 6). Prescrotal urethral dilatations were treated by penile transection proximal to the dilatation site (n= 2). Cystitis and stricture of the urethra were recorded postoperatively for two of the calves that underwent perineal urethrostomy. Nine animals were slaughtered at normal body weight approximately 6-8 months after the surgical treatment. Three animals were slaughtered after approximately three to four months, two of them having gained insufficient body weight. Our study shows that ultrasonography is a useful tool for the diagnosis of urethral dilatation in bovine calves. Our study also shows that the partial penile transection may be a suitable and satisfactory choice of surgical treatment for correcting the urethral dilatation in bovine calves.
Endocardiosis and congestive heart failure in a captive ostrich (Struthio camelus)
Authors: Azreg M
Published: November 2022

A seven-year-old blue-necked male ostrich was found dead after a few days of illness. The animal was living in an open yard of 25 square meters along with three other females. They were given concentrate-rich ration with free access to green leaves and water. Autopsy revealed cardiac enlargement due to left ventricular hypertrophy and right ventricular dilatation. The left aterioventricular valves were irregularly thickened and contracted. The lungs were engorged with blood and the liver had nutmeg appearance. The small intestine showed segmental sub-serosal petechial hemorrhages. Histological examination revealed myxomatous degeneration of the left aterioventricular valves, pulmonary congestion and edema, congestion of periacinar hepatic zone and fatty degeneration of outer zones, renal glomerulosclerosis and arteriosclerosis. The affected parts of the small intestine showed villous atrophy with lacteal distention. The venules in the affected intestinal segment were severely dilated while the arterioles had narrow lumen and irregular wall thickening with hyaline deposition. The current article reports an endocardiosis in ostrich and discusses other vascular disorders.
Involvement of a putative intercellular signal-recognizing G protein-coupled receptor in the engulfment of Salmonella by the protozoan Tetrahymena
Authors: Agbedanu P , No author No author , Brewer M , No author No author , Day T , Kimber M , Anderson K , Rasmussen S , Carlson M
Published: November 2022

In an effort to investigate the molecular basis of protozoa engulfment-mediated hypervirulence of Salmonella in cattle, we evaluated protozoan G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) as transducers of Salmonella engulfment by the model protozoan Tetrahymena. Our laboratory previously demonstrated that non-pathogenic protozoa (including Tetrahymena) engulf Salmonella and then exacerbate its virulence in cattle, but the mechanistic details of the phenomenon are not fully understood. GPCRs were investigated since these receptors facilitate phagocytosis of particulates by Tetrahymena, and a GPCR apparently modulates bacterial engulfment for the pathogenic protozoan Entamoeba histolytica. A database search identified three putative Tetrahymena GPCRs, based on sequence homologies and predicted transmembrane domains, that were the focus of this study. Salmonella engulfment by Tetrahymena was assessed in the presence of suramin, a non-specific GPCR inhibitor. Salmonella engulfment was also assessed in Tetrahymena in which expression of putative GPCRs was knocked-down using RNAi. A candidate GPCR was then expressed in a heterologous yeast expression system for further characterization. Our results revealed that Tetrahymena were less efficient at engulfing Salmonella in the presence of suramin. Engulfment was reduced concordantly with a reduction in the density of protozoa. RNAi-based studies revealed that knock-down of one the Tetrahymena GPCRs caused diminished engulfment of Salmonella. Tetrahymena lysates activated this receptor in the heterologous expression system. These data demonstrate that the Tetrahymena receptor is a putative GPCR that facilitates bacterial engulfment by Tetrahymena. Activation of the putative GPCR seemed to be related to protozoan cell density, suggesting that its cognate ligand is an intercellular signaling molecule.
First report of blood parasites in fishes from Kashmir and their effect on the haematological profile
Authors: Shahi N , No author No author , Yousuf A , Rather M , Yaseen F
Published: November 2022

Cyprinus carpio communis Linnaeus, Carassius carassius Linnaeus, Schizothorax curvifrons Heckel and Triplophysa marmorata species of fishes were captured from Anchar Lake and river Jhelum of Kashmir Himalaya for hematological and parasitological analysis. During the investigation haemoflagellates from the genus Babesiosoma and Trypanosoma were recorded in the blood smears. Trypanosomes were present in all the species except C. carpio, whereas Babesiosoma were only found in T. marmorata. Haematological analysis revealed a significant (p<0.01) reduction in red blood cell count in the fishes infected with Babesiosoma and Trypanosoma. A significant decrease (p<0.05) was recorded in haemoglobin value and packed cell volume in the infected fishes in comparison to the non-infected fishes.
Histopathologic and Radiographic evaluation of the electroacupuncture effects on ulna fracture healing in dogs
Authors: Naddaf H , No author No author , Baniadam A , Esmaeilzadeh S , Ghadiri A , Pourmehdi M , Falah H , Hosseini O , Sabiza F
Published: November 2022

Acupuncture can affect bone healing by stimulation of sensory nerves and releasing of local and systemic neuropeptides. The purpose of this experimental study was to evaluate the effects of electroacupuncture on ulna fracture healing in dogs. In this study, 12 healthy dogs were randomly divided in to four equal groups, where group 1 was kept as control group and evaluated for 45 days, group 2: treatment group and evaluated for 45 days, group3: control group of 90 days and group 4: treatment group of 90 days. After induction of anesthesia, the ulna was cut with Gigli wire saw in each groups, 10 days after operation, the treatment (acupuncture) group was treated with 10 minutes electroacupuncture stimulations on the acupoints Kid1, Kid3, Kid6 and Kid7, for 10 days. Histopathologic samples of all dogs were harvested from bone osteotomized site in 45 and 90 days after surgery. Indices like, count of inflammatory cells, cartilaginous tissue, fibrotic tissue and deposition of collagen were evaluated on samples and classified with 0, 1, 2, and 3 degrees. Also, radiographic evaluation of the patients was applied using radiographic scoring system on days: 7, 15, 30, 45, 60 and 90 after surgery. This study revealed that, acupuncture had no effect on bone healing (p>0.05). Cause of non-significant difference changes between the control and treatment groups, and lack of complete healing in both groups may be due to lack of ulna bone fixation. Alternatively, selection of other acupoints in acupuncture could have a better healing role.
Type 1 Achilles tendon rupture caused by grooming trauma in a young dog
Authors: Isaka M , No author No author , Befu M , Matsubara N , Ishikawa M , Namba H
Published: November 2022

Achilles tendon rupture is uncommon in small animal practice. A 9-month-old, female, mixed breed dog (weighing 2.2kg) was referred to our hospital with a primary complaint of right hind limb lameness. Complete right Achilles tendon rupture was diagnosed by physical examination and radiography. The tendon was surgically repaired the next day by using a three-loop and single near-far-far-near suture methods. Complete healing was achieved by 97 days post-surgery. This report describes the surgical technique used for complete Achilles tendon rupture repair in a young dog.
Affections of the salivary ducts in buffaloes
Authors: Misk N , No author No author , Misk T , Ahmed M
Published: November 2022

The aim of the present study was to determine different affections of the salivary ducts in buffaloes with special reference to diagnosis and treatment. The study was carried out on 39 buffaloes suffering from different affections of the salivary ducts. The recorded affections of the salivary ducts in buffaloes include; ectasia of the parotid duct (21 cases), parotid duct fistula (15 cases) and sialocele (3 cases). Each case was subjected to full study including case history, clinical examination, diagnosis, and treatment whenever possible. Exploratory puncture and radiography were used for confirmation of diagnosis. Intraoral marsupialization was performed for treatment of parotid duct ectasia. Salivary fistula was corrected by one of two successful techniques; the first by reconstruction of the parotid duct and the second by ligation of the parotid duct just caudal to the fistula opening. Sialoceles were corrected by removal of the mandibular salivary gland of the affected side.
Evaluation of bovine (Bos indicus) ovarian potential for in vitro embryo production in the Adamawa plateau (Cameroon)
Authors: Kouamo J , No author No author , Dawaye S , Bah A
Published: November 2022

An abattoir study was conducted to evaluate the ovarian potential of 201 local zebu cattle from Ngaoundere, Adamawa region (Cameroon) for in vitro embryo production (IVEP). The ovaries were excised, submerged in normal saline solution (0.9%) and transported to the laboratory for a detailed evaluation. Follicles on each ovary were counted, their diameters (F) measured and were grouped into 3 categories: small (F < 3 mm), medium (3 = F = 8 mm) and large (F > 8 mm). Each ovary was then sliced into a petri dish; the oocytes were recovered in Dulbecco’s phosphate buffered saline, examined under a stereoscope (x10) and graded into four groups based on the morphology of cumulus oophorus cells and cytoplasmic changes of the oocytes. Grade I (GI): oocytes with more than 4 layers of bunch of compact cumulus cells mass with evenly granulated cytoplasm; grade II (GII): oocyte with at least 2–4 layers of compact cumulus cell mass with evenly granulated cytoplasm; grade III (GIII): oocyte with at least one layer of compact cumulus cell mass with evenly granulated cytoplasm; grade IV (GIV): denuded oocyte with no cumulus cells or incomplete layer of cumulus cell or expanded cells and having dark or unevenly granulated cytoplasm. The effects of both ovarian (ovarian localization, corpus luteum, size and weight of ovary) and non-ovarian factors (breed, age, body condition score (BCS) and pregnancy status of cow) on the follicular population and oocyte recovery rate were determined. There were an average of 16.75±0.83 follicles per ovary. The small, medium and large follicles were 8.39±0.60, 8.14±0.43 and 0.21±0.02 respectively. Oocyte recovery was 10.97±0.43 per ovary (65%). Oocytes graded I, II, III and IV were 3.53±0.19 (32.21%), 2.72±0.15 (24.82%), 2.24±0.15 (20.43%) and 2.47±0.20 (22.54%) respectively. The oocyte quality index was 2.26. Younger non pregnant cows having BCS of 3 and large ovaries presented higher number of follicles and oocyte quality (P < 0.05) compared with other animals. Oocytes with quality (grade I and II) acceptable for IVEP constituted 57.15% of the harvest. This study indicated that factors such as age, pregnancy status, BCS and ovarian size must be taken into account to increase the potential of the ovary for IVEP.
The physicochemical properties and antioxidative potential of raw thigh meat from broilers fed a dietary medicinal herb extract mixture
Authors: Shirzadegan K , Falahpour and
Published: November 2022

A 6-wk feeding study was conducted to evaluate the antioxidative potential, indices such as quality of the thigh meat and liver of broiler chickens fed with a dietary medicinal herb extract mixture (HEM, consisting: Iranian green tea, cinnamon, garlic and chicory at a ratio of 25:15:45:15). A total of 320, one-d-old Ross (male) broiler chickens were used to investigate the effects of 0.0, 2.5, 5.0 and 7.5 g/kg HEM in the diet, on aforementioned factors. The HEM supplementation did not influence the composition of raw thigh meat except for the total phenols and crude ash (P<0.05). Furthermore, pH, water-holding capacity (WHC) and acceptability of thigh meat were affecting by administration of HEM in diets (P<0.05). Meat flavor increased in the supplemented groups (P<0.05). According to our data, HEM supplementation decreased the amount of thiobarbituric acid reactive substance (TBARS) in various times of storage and improved the liver lipid peroxides and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities at week 6 (P<0.05), but did not influence the catalase activity. Our results reveal that the addition of 7.5 g/kg or higher HEM in diet could be sufficient to increase the antioxidative activity and 2.5 g/kg for meat taste of broilers in maximum levels.
Histopathological alterations in spleen of freshwater fish Cyprinus carpio exposed to sublethal concentration of sodium cyanide
Authors: Kartheek M
Published: November 2022

Aquatic ecosystems in areas with intense mining activity are often subject to cyanide contamination; the present study was aimed to evaluate the harmful effects of sodium cyanide on histoarchitechtural aspect of spleen of freshwater fish Cyprinus carpio using an in vivo approach. The fishes were exposed to a sublethal concentration of 0.2 mg/L of sodium cyanide for duration of 10 and 20 days and were further allowed to undergo recovery for 14 days in a toxicant free medium. From the present investigation findings like occurrence of haemosiderin pigment, melanomacrophage centers, vacuolation and necrotic eosinophils were evident in all the fishes exposed to sodium cyanide. However, changes were more pronounced in fish subjected to 10 days of exposure, which was followed by 20 days of exposure and 14 days of recovery. The study revealed that there seemed to be the presence of homeostatic mechanism in fish that allows them to stabilize and overcome stress, which in present case is caused by sublethal concentration of sodium cyanide. Since the recovery phenomenon may be adaptive and even strategic, the present investigation also throws a light on adaptive behaviour of fish under stressful environments.
Expression of Bcl-2 in canine osteosarcoma
Authors: Leonardi F
Published: November 2022

Osteosarcoma (OS) is the most common primary malignancy of bone. It is responsible for 80-85% of the primary bone tumors affecting dogs and it is characterized by aggressive and invasive behavior, with a high metastatic potential. Several studies on cancer and related tumorigenesis, show an involvement of the mechanisms of programmed cell death and cell survival. Many signals seem to be involved in the related mechanism of autophagy and in particular, our interest is focused on the expression of a family of Bcl-2 that seems to be involved either in the control of biomolecular mechanisms like autophagy and apoptosis. In this study we investigated the expression of Bcl-2 in different cases of spontaneous canine osteosarcoma and the related preliminary results are described. We found Bcl-2 activity was increased in OS tissue compared to normal bone tissue. These results suggested that Bcl-2 activity may play an important role in the formation of OS and as a diagnostic for neoplastic activity. However, further research is needed to confirm the role of Bcl-2 activity in OS in canines.
Comparative studies between four chemicals for long-term preservation of Trichinella spiralis larvae’s
Authors: Dinkova D
Published: November 2022

A comparative evaluation of four conservation chemicals (96% ethanol, 1% sodium benzoate, 10% formalin and glycerol), used to preserve Trichinella spiralis larvae’s over 120 days, was performed. The results obtained after conservation with 96% ethanol, 1% sodium benzoate and glycerol showed no statistically significant differences in both the shape and the diameter in coiled Trichinella spiralis larvae’s over the tested period. Additional advantage of glycerol as conservation liquid toward formalin is a lack of toxicity.
Microscopic analysis of MTT stained boar sperm cells
Authors: Berg B
Published: November 2022

The ability of sperm cells to develop colored formazan by reduction of MTT was used earlier to develop a spectrophotometric assay to determine the viability of sperm cells for several mammalian species. It was the objective of the present study to visualize microscopically the location of the formazan in boar sperm cells. The MTT staining process of boar sperm cells can be divided into a series of morphological events. Incubation of the sperm cells in the presence of MTT resulted after a few min in a diffuse staining of the midpiece of the sperm cells. Upon further incubation the staining of the midpiece became more intense, and gradually the formation of packed formazan granules became more visible. At the same time, a small formazan stained granule appeared medially on the sperm head, which increased in size during further incubation. After incubation for about 1 h the midpiece granules were intensely stained and more clearly distinct as granules, while aggregation of sperm cells occurred. Around 90% of the sperm cells showed these staining events. At the end of the staining the formazan granules have disappeared from both the sperm cells and medium, whereas formazan crystals appeared as thin crystal threads, that became heavily aggregated in the incubation medium. It was concluded that formazan is taken up by lipid droplets in the cytoplasm. Further, the use of the MTT assay to test for sperm viability should be regarded as a qualitative assay, whereas its practical use at artificial insemination (AI) Stations is limited.
Determination of cadmium, lead and mercury residual levels in meat of canned light tuna (Katsuwonus pelamis and Thunnus albacares) and fresh little tunny (Euthynnus alletteratus) in Libya
Authors: Abolghait S , Garbaj A
Published: November 2022

Surveillance for mercury (Hg), lead (Pb) and cadmium (Cd) contamination in tuna products is crucial for consumer food safety. Hg, Pb and Cd contaminants were monitored in a total of 60 specimens of fresh little tunny (Euthynnus alletteratus) and popular brands of skipjack and yellowfin (Katsuwonus pelamis and Thunnus albacares) canned tuna commercially available in Tripoli, Libya. Direct Mercury Analyzer (DMA-80) was implemented for determination of total Hg level and graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry (GFAAS) was employed for determination of Cd and Pb concentrations. The results indicated that Hg had the highest concentration level and Cd had the lowest concentration level either in tested canned tuna or fresh little tunny samples. The average concentration of Hg in fresh little tunny samples was 1.185 ± 0.968 mg kg-1 wet weight (ww) and often exceeded the standard permissible limit. In addition, canned yellowfin tuna had the lowest levels of Cd (0.027 ± 0.026 mg kg-1 ww), Pb (0.075 ± 0.071) and Hg (0.163 ± 0.122 mg kg-1 ww). Results of the current surveillance indicated that canned skipjack and yellowfin tuna sold in Tripoli markets show contaminant levels well under the European thresholds adopted for Cd, Pb and Hg. However, consumption of large quantities of Mediterranean little tunny products significantly increases human exposure to the risk of Hg toxicity.
Early detection of Haemonchus contortus infection in sheep using three different faecal occult blood tests
Authors: guez A , Goldberg V , Viotti H , Ciappesoni G
Published: November 2022

Haemonchus contortus is a blood-sucking parasite causing the presence of faecal occult blood (FOB). The objective was to study three different FOB tests in order to have a new indicator of H. contortus infection in sheep that could be included in the genetic evaluation system as an alternative selection criterion to faecal worm egg count (FEC). A total of 29 Corriedale lambs were experimentally infected with 10.000 larvae of H. contortus. Stool samples were recorded for FEC and FOB tests (Hexagon, Hematest® and Multistix®), blood for packed cell volume (PCV), haemoglobin, white and red blood cell count (RBC), and FAMACHA© for scoring anaemia. At the end of the experiment lambs were slaughtered to worm burden count. Field infection was achieved in 309 Merino lambs under natural parasite challenge. FEC data were normalized through logarithmic transformation (LnFEC). Pearson correlation was estimated to examine the relationship between all traits. The three tests were able to detect the presence of FOB at day 11. FEC, PCV and RBC decreased to sub-normal values from day 18. FAMACHA© score 3 was considered to be indicative of anaemia. Most of the correlations were of high magnitude, with the exception of Multistix® test that was moderately correlated with haematological parameters, LnFEC and FEC. In field infection, most samples were negative to FOB tests and the correlations were lower than those calculated under experimental infection. In conclusion, FOB tests were able to detect haemonchosis earlier than FEC under high experimental parasite challenge. However, they were not able to detect FOB under natural mixed parasite challenge. FAMACHA© and PCV demonstrated to be good indicators of Haemonchosis, having moderate to high correlations with FEC.