bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Association between preoperative concurrent fibular pseudarthrosis and risk of postoperative ankle valgus in patients with congenital pseudarthrosis of the tibia
Authors: Yu Hui , Li Zhuoyang , Tan Qian , Liu Kun , Zhu Guanghui , Mei Haibo , Yang Ge
Published: March 2023

Background

This study evaluated the correlation of preoperative concurrent fibular pseudarthrosis with the risk of ankle valgus deformity in patients with congenital pseudarthrosis of the tibia (CPT) who underwent successful surgical treatment.

Method

The children with CPT who were treated at our institution between 1 January 2013 and 31 December 2020 were retrospectively reviewed. The independent variable was preoperative concurrent fibular pseudarthrosis, and the dependent variable was postoperative ankle valgus. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was performed after adjusting for variables that might affect the risk of ankle valgus. Subgroup analyses with stratified multivariable logistic regression models were used to assess this association.

Results

Of the 319 children who underwent successful surgical treatment, 140 (43.89%) developed ankle valgus deformity. Moreover, 104 (50.24%) of 207 patients with preoperative concurrent fibular pseudarthrosis developed an ankle valgus deformity compared with 36 (32.14%) of 112 patients without preoperative concurrent fibular pseudarthrosis (p=0.002). After adjusting for sex, body mass index, fracture age, age of patient undergoing surgery, surgery method, type 1 neurofibromatosis (NF-1), limb-length discrepancy (LLD), CPT location and fibular cystic change, patients with concurrent fibular pseudarthrosis presented a higher risk of ankle valgus than those without concurrent fibular pseudarthrosis (OR 2.326, 95% CI 1.345 to 4.022). This risk further increased with CPT location at the distal one-third of the tibia (OR 2.195, 95% CI 1.154 to 4.175), age <3 years of patient undergoing surgery (OR 2.485, 95% CI 1.188 to 5.200), LLD <2 cm (OR 2.478, 95% CI 1.225 to 5.015) and occurrence of NF-1 disorder (OR 2.836, 95% CI 1.517 to 5.303).

Conclusion

Our results indicate that patients with CPT and preoperative concurrent fibular pseudarthrosis have a significantly increased risk of ankle valgus compared with those without preoperative concurrent fibular pseudarthrosis, particularly in those with CPT location at the distal third, age <3 years at surgery, LLD <2 cm and NF-1 disorder.
Risk factors for early language delay in children within a minority ethnic, bilingual, deprived environment (Born in Bradford’s Better Start): a UK community birth cohort study
Authors: Cheung Rachael W , Willan Kathryn , Dickerson Josie , Bowyer-Crane Claudine
Published: March 2023

Background

Preschool language skills and language delay predict academic and socioemotional outcomes. Children from deprived environments are at a higher risk of language delay, and both minority ethnic and bilingual children can experience a gap in language skills at school entry. However, research that examines late talking (preschool language delay) in an ethnically diverse, bilingual, deprived environment at age 2 is scarce.

Methods

Data from Born in Bradford’s Better Start birth cohort were used to identify rates of late talking (≤10th percentile on the Oxford-Communicative Development Inventory: Short) in 2-year-old children within an ethnically diverse, predominantly bilingual, deprived UK region (N=712). The relations between known demographic, maternal, distal and proximal child risk factors, and language skills and language delay were tested using hierarchical linear and logistic regression.

Results

A total of 24.86% of children were classified as late talkers. Maternal demographic factors (ethnicity, born in UK, education, financial security, employment, household size, age) predicted 3.12% of the variance in children’s expressive vocabulary. Adding maternal language factors (maternal native language, home languages) and perinatal factors (birth weight, gestation) to the model predicted 3.76% of the variance. Adding distal child factors (child sex, child age) predicted 11.06%, and adding proximal child factors (receptive vocabulary, hearing concerns) predicted 49.51%. Significant risk factors for late talking were male sex (OR 2.07, 95% CI 1.38 to 3.09), receptive vocabulary delay (OR 8.40, 95% CI 4.99 to 14.11) and parent-reported hearing concerns (OR 7.85, 95% CI 1.90 to 32.47). Protective factors were increased household size (OR 0.85, 95% CI 0.77 to 0.95) and age (OR 0.82, 95% CI 0.70 to 0.96).

Conclusions

Almost one in four children living in an ethnically diverse and deprived UK area have early language delay. Demographic factors explained little variance in early vocabulary, whereas proximal child factors held more predictive value. The results indicate further research on early language delay is warranted for vulnerable groups.
SARS-CoV-2 infection in newborn infants: descriptive epidemiological analysis of cases reported to the Colombian national surveillance system during the first pandemic year, March 2020–February 2021
Authors: Avila Greace A , Daza Marcela , Forero-Motta Diana , Rozo-Gutierrez Nathaly , Osorio Johana , Walteros Diana M , Ballesteros Adriana , Ovalle Oscar , Rojas-Devia Mario Augusto , Baez Martha , Martinez-De la Barrera Leslie Ivonne , Beltrán-Higuera Sandra Jaqueline , Galvis Clara , Mercado Marcela , Prieto Franklyn
Published: March 2023

Objective

To describe the clinical and epidemiological characteristics of newborn infants with SARS-CoV-2 infection notified in the Colombian Public Health Surveillance System.

Design

This epidemiological descriptive analysis was conducted using the data of all cases of newborn infants with confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection notified in the surveillance system. Absolute frequencies and central tendency measures were calculated and a bivariate analysis comparing variables of interest with symptomatic and asymptomatic disease was performed.

Setting

Population-based descriptive analysis.

Patients

Laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 cases in newborn infants (aged ≤28 days of life) reported to the surveillance system from 1 March 2020 to 28 February 2021.

Results

879 newborns were identified, corresponding to 0.04% of all reported cases in the country. The mean age at diagnosis was 13 days (range 0–28 days), 55.1% were male and most (57.6%) were classified as symptomatic. Preterm birth and low birth weight were identified in 24.0% and 24.4% of the cases, respectively. Common symptoms were fever (58.3%), cough (48.3%) and respiratory distress (34.9%). A higher prevalence of symptomatic newborns was seen in individuals with low birth weight for gestational age (prevalence ratio (PR): 1.51, 95% CI: 1.44 to 1.59) and newborns with underlying conditions (PR: 1.33, 95% CI: 1.13 to 1.55).

Conclusions

There were a low proportion of confirmed COVID-19 cases in the newborn population. A substantial number of newborns were classified as symptomatic, having low birth weight and being preterm. Clinicians caring for COVID-19-infected newborns should be aware of population characteristics that potentially contribute to disease manifestations and severity.
Ensuring excellence in patient care, research, and education: thoughts on leadership and teamwork
Authors: Spain David A
Published: March 2023

There are many ways to develop your leadership skills and many ways to be an effective leader. This is one perspective. The best style is the one that works for you and your environment. I would encourage you to spend some time and effort exploring your leadership style, develop new leadership skills, and look for opportunities to serve others.
Alcohol withdrawal syndrome in trauma patients: a study using the Trauma Quality Program Participant User File
Authors: Jones Tyler J , Bhattacharya Bishwajit , Schuster Kevin M , Becher Robert D , Kodadek Lisa M , Davis Kimberly A , Maung Adrian A
Published: March 2023

Objective

To identify the rates and possible predictors of alcohol withdrawal syndrome (AWS) among adult trauma patients.

Methods

This is a retrospective review of all adult patients (18 years or older) included in the 2017 and 2018 American College of Surgeons Trauma Quality Program Participant User File (PUF). The main outcomes were rates and predictors of AWS.

Results

1 677 351 adult patients were included in the analysis. AWS was reported in 11 056 (0.7%). The rate increased to 0.9% in patients admitted for more than 2 days and 1.1% in those admitted for more than 3 days. Patients with AWS were more likely to be male (82.7% vs. 60.7%, p<0.001), have a history of alcohol use disorder (AUD) (70.3% vs. 5.6%, p<0.001) and have a positive blood alcohol concentration (BAC) on admission (68.2% vs. 28.6%, p<0.001). In a multivariable logistic regression, history of AUD (OR 12.9, 95% CI 12.1 to 13.7), cirrhosis (OR 2.1, 95% CI 1.9 to 2.3), positive toxicology screen for barbiturates (OR 2.1, 95% CI 1.6 to 2.7), tricyclic antidepressants (OR 2.2, 95% CI 1.5 to 3.1) or alcohol (OR 2.5, 95% CI 2.4 to 2.7), and Abbreviated Injury Scale head score of ≥3 (OR 1.7, 95% CI 1.6 to 1.8) were the strongest predictors for AWS. Conversely, only 2.7% of patients with a positive BAC on admission, 7.6% with a history of AUD and 4.9% with cirrhosis developed AWS.

Conclusion

AWS after trauma was an uncommon occurrence in the patients in the PUF, even in higher-risk patient populations.

Level of evidence

IV: retrospective study with more than one negative criterion.
Paenibacillus terrae NK3-4 regulates the transcription of growth-related and stress resistance-related genes in rice
Authors: Liu Wen Zhi , Li Ze Yu , Liu Cheng , Yu Xi Tao , Yu Wen Qing , Li Peng
Published: March 2023

Paenibacillus terrae NK3-4 is a plant growth-promoting rhizobacterium. In this study, the effects of NK3-4 on rice growth and gene transcription were determined. The results indicated that a seed soaking treatment and a pre-germination seed treatment using NK3-4 promoted rice growth, especially spraying rice seedlings with NK3-4 increased the root number and root length by 34.2% and 34.1%, respectively. Moreover, NK3-4 induced the differential transcription of genes annotated with gene ontology (GO) terms; the number of up-regulated genes was 4.38-times higher than the number of down-regulated genes. The NK3-4 treatment induced the differential transcription of genes in 1794 GO functional groups, with 1531 functional groups containing up-regulated genes. Specific growth-related genes up-regulated by NK3-4 are involved in biological processes, including responses to auxin, hormone biosynthesis, cellular component biogenesis, root system development, and other functions. Furthermore, stress resistance-related genes were up-regulated, some of which encode WRKYs, NPK1-related protein kinase, NPR1-like 4, CaM-like proteins, MYBs, ERFs, TIFYs, NACs, EL5s, PR1s, PR2, PR8, PODs, and PAD4. Considered together, these findings imply that NK3-4 may promote plant growth and enhance stress resistance by regulating gene expression, making it a potentially useful microbe for regulating rice growth and stress resistance.
A Critical Review On Nanotechnology: A Technique in Cancer Detection and Prophylaxis
Authors: Bharadwaj Alok , Gupta Mansi , Shakya Akankasha
Published: March 2023

In the present scenario, cancer is found to be one of the distressing diseases that accounts for huge number of deaths all around the world. Till now, several conventional treatments like radiation therapy, chemotherapy and immunotherapy were available but due to certain restrictions like scarcity of specificity, cytotoxicity and multi-drug resistance which were the major issues that pose the hurdle in successful cancer treatment. Owing the presence of toxicity and resistance to immunity with traditional treatment procedures, some effective technology like nanotechnology is being used to efficiently treat the cancer and reduce the chances of risk. In the past, nanotechnology-based immunotherapeutic agents have been employed to treat cancerous cells by separating normal cells from the target site. With this special feature, nanotechnology might be the ray of hope for rapid, cheap and secured technique for the identification and treatment of cancer cells and cancer biomarkers. This technique involves certain nanomaterials like carbon nanotubes, liposomes and polymeric micelles that help in the formulation of cancer drugs that have been found to have a significant pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic application in the diagnosis and prophylaxis of cancer. In this review, our prime focus is on the utility of nanoparticles (NPs) in cancer diagnosis and prophylaxis. Apart from this, we also discuss about the challenges that hamper the utility of NPs and also give suitable remedial approaches for the same.
Does IFRS adoption enhance foreign ownership? Empirical evidence from French listed companies
Authors: Garrouch Hela
Published: March 2023

This paper examines the moderating role of corporate governance mechanisms on the relationship between mandatory international financial reporting standards (IFRS) and foreign investors’ ownership. This study is based on a sample of French firms listed on the SBF 120 stock index with an observation period from 2002 to 2012. The results show that IFRS adoption leads to an increase in foreign equity in the French firms. This is consistent with the idea that international accounting harmonization improves financial statements comparability and transactions transparency which attracts more foreign investors. We also show the role of governance mechanisms as means of IFRS enforcement. In fact, the increase in foreign investors’ ownership depends on effective enforcement. However, for the French case, only BIG four auditors are efficient in enforcing IFRS adoption while independent board members have close relationship with managers which results in a passive attitude. Our findings imply that information quality has an important role in decision making. But they also show that IFRS adoption should be joined by efficient enforcement tools to conduct presumed benefits.
Taking Wireless Underground: A Comprehensive Summary
Authors: Pal Amitangshu , Guo Hongzhi , Yang Sijung , Akkas Mustafa Alper , Zhang Xufeng
Published: March 2023

The tremendous potential of sensing and communication technologies has been explored and implemented for different remote event monitoring applications over the past two decades. However, the applicability of sensing and communication technologies is not necessarily limited to aboveground environments—it is also implementable and applicable for subterranean, underground scenarios. However, as opposed to air medium, underground communication medium is quite harsh due to the presence of heterogeneous underground materials along with underground aqueous components. In this article, we provide a technical overview of different underground wireless communication technologies, namely radio, acoustic, magnetic, and visible light, along with their potentials and challenges for several underground applications. We also lay out a detailed comparison among these technologies along with their pros and cons using detailed experimental results.
Expanding the Monolayer Scope for Nucleic Acid-Based Electrochemical Sensors Beyond Thiols on Gold: Alkylphosphonic Acids on ITO
Authors: Shaver Alexander , Arroyo-Currás Netzahualcóyotl
Published: March 2023

Electrochemical biosensors are a powerful and rapidly evolving molecular monitoring technology. Evidenced by the success of the continuous glucose monitor in managing Type 1 Diabetes, these sensors are capable of precise, accurate measurements in unprocessed biological environments. Nucleic acid-based electrochemical sensors (NBEs) are a specific type of biosensor that employs the target binding and conformational dynamics of nucleic acids for signal transduction. Currently, the vast majority of NBEs are fabricated via self-assembly of alkylthiols on Au electrodes. However, this architecture is limited in scope, as Au electrodes are not universally deployable for all potential NBE applications. Here, to expand the repertoire of materials on which NBEs can be made, we describe the multistep procedure for creating sensing monolayers of alkylphosphonic acids on a conductive oxide surface. Using such monolayers on indium tin oxide (ITO)-coated glass slides, we couple redox reporter-modified nucleic acids and demonstrate signaling of procaine-binding NBE sensors in buffer and human serum. We investigate the operational stability of these NBE sensors to reveal faster signal loss relative to benchmark thiol-on-gold sensing layers, a result that arises due to poor stability of the underlying ITO. Finally, we discuss future directions to continue expansion of NBE sensor materials and applications.
New era of medical education: asynchronous and synchronous online teaching during and after COVID-19
Authors: Mao Shuangfa , Guo Linghong , Li Pengjie , Shen Kui , Jiang Mingxia , Liu Yin
Published: March 2023

The COVID-19 pandemic has led to a massive temporary conversion of offline education to online education worldwide. Previous studies have noted that more students believed they had better learning experience in face-to-face learning. However, with our method of online teaching, we still showed a relatively similar performance result compared with offline education.
Investigation of Behavior on Solutions of Lane–Emden Complex Differential Equations by a Random Differential Transformation Method
Authors: Merdan Mehmet , Merdan Merve , Şahin Rıdvan
Published: March 2023

In this study, Lane–Emden complex differential equations have been randomized by selecting random variables for the coefficients, initial conditions, and force functions of complex differential equations. In addition, by finding the solutions of the obtained random complex differential equations, the probability characteristics of the solutions are examined. The random version of the differential transformation method (DTM) is used to obtain an analytical solution close to the solution of the random differential equation. Approximate expected values and variances are calculated using the approximate solution method. The solutions of some random complex differential equations obtained by using random probability characteristics with gamma, normal, and beta distributions were obtained by the DTM method. The probability characteristics obtained are shown graphically with the help of the MAPLE program.
Time-Domain Structural Damage Identification Using Ensemble Bagged Trees and Evolutionary Optimization Algorithms
Authors: Mahdavi Seyed Hossein , Xu Chao
Published: March 2023

This paper presents a two-step vibration-based strategy for damage identification of framed structures using ensemble bagged trees known as a well-known supervised machine learning (ML) paradigm in conjunction with evolutionary optimization algorithms. The proposed model incorporates the actual response, wavelet coefficients, and wavelet energy to extract damage-sensitive features from the time-domain of the measured and simulated signals. Unlike available studies in this scope, the key objective of this research is to identify damage with a localization precision down to a single structural member, rather than limiting the evaluation to the group of elements. In order to increase the training performance in contributing to extremely large datasets with numerous class labels, the proposed strategy involves the artificial generation of features. Additionally, a modified genetic algorithm is proposed for fast damage localization. It is deduced that the damage locations are confidently detected within a fast computational time. Subsequently, damage identification is followed by the application of evolutionary optimization algorithms. For comparison purpose, the employment of the water cycle optimization algorithm (WCA) is comparatively investigated with the other three state-of-the-art optimizers, i.e., particle swarm optimization (PSO), imperialist competitive algorithm (ICA), and differential evolution algorithm (DE). The numerical and experimental validation studies evidence satisfactorily reliable identification results with no false detection in dealing with multiple damage scenarios in large-scale and real-world applications. It is concluded that developing the most damage-sensitive features and using the proposed data fusion strategy lead to informative features with a reasonably small size and significantly improve the ML performance.
Attitudes of Physical Therapy Students in Israel toward People Identifying as Lesbian, Gay, or Bisexual: A Cross-Sectional Survey
Authors: Elboim-Gabyzon Michal , Ofek Hadas , Klein Roei
Published: March 2023

This study aimed to explore the attitudes of physical therapy (PT) students in Israel toward people who identify as lesbian, gay, or bisexual (LGB) and to identify the characteristics associated with the said attitudes. This multiinstitutional study is used as an observational design. Participants were 245 PT students (average age, 25.59 ± 3.10 years), who completed anonymous online questionnaires that included demographic characteristics; the Hebrew version of the Attitudes Toward Homosexuality Scale (ATHS); questions on learning about LGB, trans, queer, intersex, asexual, and other sexual and gender minorities (LGBTQIA+); healthcare issues in the entry-level PT; and previous clinical encounters with patients who identified as LGBTQIA+. The median ATHS score was 107 out of 110 (range, 48–110; higher score indicating more positive attitudes), and multivariate logistic regression analyses indicated that identifying as a woman and secular were predictors of positive attitudes toward LGB individuals. All students reported that they had no course on the LGBTQIA+ community in their undergraduate PT studies’ curriculum. Most (80.88%) of those who had a clinical practice reported that they had not had a clinical encounter with a patient identifying as LGBTQIA+. PT students in Israel demonstrated positive attitudes toward LGB individuals, as reflected by their ATHS scores. PT students who identify as men and religious are more likely to hold negative attitudes toward LGB individuals. There is a need to expand the curricula on LGBTQIA+ healthcare and increase students' experiences with LGBTQIA+ patients to increase cultural competence.
Effects of Gyroscope on Arm Swing and Gait in Healthy Volunteers
Authors: Şipal Meriç Selim , Yalçın Elif , Karaduman Aynur Ayşe
Published: March 2023

Background. Arm swing has a crucial role in gait. It is essential in terms of regulating gait parameters and balance during walking. In the case of bradykinesia, the arms act as a generator to maintain lower extremity movement while walking. The way gyroscopes work makes them useful in arm swings. In this study, the arm swing is facilitated by a new type of gyroscope. As a main purpose, a gyroscope was used to increase arm swing during pendulum exercise and walking. Methods. Thirty healthy volunteers were included in the study. The study covered three situations. The first evaluation was performed without the gyroscope. The second evaluation was performed while the gyroscope was installed but not activated. The final evaluation was made while the gyroscope was installed and powered up. The effect of the gyroscope on the arm swing was evaluated by the Dartfish®, and the gait was evaluated with the Zebris® force distribution measurement analysis system. Results. According to the results, the gyroscope increases the arm swing in the pendulum exercise (

p
<
0.05

). Furthermore, using the gyroscope, the step width decreased, and the gait cycle time increased (

p
<
0.05

). Conclusions. The gyroscope is suitable for facilitating arm swings in healthy volunteers. This study is essential to demonstrate the effect of a gyroscope on extremity movements for the first time. In the future, a medical device that has the features of a gyroscope can be designed for its use in the treatment of Parkinson’s disease and Senile Bradykinesia.
Epidemiological Investigation of the 2019 Dengue Outbreak in Dhaka, Bangladesh
Authors: Yesmin Sabrina , Sarmin Shahnoor , Ahammad Alamgir Mustak , Rafi Md. Abdur , Hasan Mohammad Jahid
Published: March 2023

Introduction. Bangladesh experienced its largest dengue epidemic in 2019. Our objective was to investigate the epidemiological, clinical, and laboratory characteristics of the hospital-admitted dengue patients during this epidemic. Methods. This cross-sectional study was conducted among 369 adult dengue patients admitted to two tertiary care hospitals in Dhaka, Bangladesh, from June to September 2019. The disease severity was determined according to the WHO’s 2009 classification. Results. The average age of the patients was 33.3 (SD 14) years with a predominance of men. Almost 10% developed severe dengue (plasma leakage 67%, clinical bleeding 25%, and organ involvement 25%). Fever, headache, retro-orbital pain, diarrhea, and warning signs such as abdominal pain, clinical fluid accumulation, and persistent vomiting were the most common clinical presentations. Thrombocytopenia, leukopenia, elevated HCT levels, and ALT/AST were common laboratory findings. Conclusions. Severe dengue was mostly attributable to plasma leakage with warning signs, especially abdominal pain, clinical fluid accumulation, persistent vomiting, and altered hematological parameters which might assist in the early prediction of severe dengue.
Smallholders' Conservation Agriculture Adoption Decision in Arba Minch and Derashe Districts of Southwestern Ethiopia
Authors: Lejissa Lemlem Tajebe , Wakjira Feyera Senbeta , Tanga Agena Anjulo , Etalemahu Tesfaye Zeleke
Published: March 2023

This study examines smallholder farmers’ conservation agriculture (CA) adoption decisions from a soil management perspective in two semiarid areas of southwestern Ethiopia. The analysis was based on a survey of 392 household heads in each of the mixed maize/sorghum/teff + Moringa stenopetala of Derashe district and maize/teff + banana fruit tree in Arba Minch Zuriya district farming systems. Two groups of smallholders that practice different land management, i.e., conservation agriculture and conventional tillage, were selected. A binary logistic regression model was used to answer the question of factors that determine smallholders’ initial decision to adopt CA. Nine explanatory variables including the age of the household head, level of formal education, family size, size of total landholding in hectares, size of livestock owned in the tropical livestock unit, farming experience, net income from annual + perennial crops, provided extension service by development agents, and lack of access to small-scale irrigation were included in the analysis. The study result revealed that nonpracticing groups have higher schooling, farmland holding, and livestock relative to CA-practicing households. Households with increasing age, schooling, total livestock holding, and higher net per annum income were less likely to practice CA. However, the CA practicing decision was high with an increase in extension service and lack of access to small-scale irrigation. Though CA with the Targa-na-Potayta mulching technique is an age-old practice in the Derashe area, the impact of extension service has indispensable benefits in extending the knowledge to younger smallholders.
IOA-244 is a Non–ATP-competitive, Highly Selective, Tolerable PI3K Delta Inhibitor That Targets Solid Tumors and Breaks Immune Tolerance
Authors: Johnson Zoë , Tarantelli Chiara , Civanelli Elisa , Cascione Luciano , Spriano Filippo , Fraser Amy , Shah Pritom , Nomanbhoy Tyzoon , Napoli Sara , Rinaldi Andrea , Niewola-Staszkowska Karolina , Lahn Michael , Perrin Dominique , Wenes Mathias , Migliorini Denis , Bertoni Francesco , van der Veen Lars , Di Conza Giusy
Published: March 2023

PI3K delta (PI3Kδ) inhibitors are used to treat lymphomas but safety concerns and limited target selectivity curbed their clinical usefulness. PI3Kδ inhibition in solid tumors has recently emerged as a potential novel anticancer therapy through the modulation of T-cell responses and direct antitumor activity. Here we report the exploration of IOA-244/MSC2360844, a first-in-class non–ATP-competitive PI3Kδ inhibitor, for the treatment of solid tumors. We confirm IOA-244’s selectivity as tested against a large set of kinases, enzymes, and receptors. IOA-244 inhibits the in vitro growth of lymphoma cells and its activity correlates with the expression levels of PIK3CD, suggesting cancer cell–intrinsic effects of IOA-244. Importantly, IOA-244 inhibits regulatory T cell proliferation while having limited antiproliferative effects on conventional CD4+ T cells and no effect on CD8+ T cells. Instead, treatment of CD8 T cells with IOA-244 during activation, favors the differentiation of memory-like, long-lived CD8, known to have increased antitumor capacity. These data highlight immune-modulatory properties that can be exploited in solid tumors. In CT26 colorectal and Lewis lung carcinoma lung cancer models, IOA-244 sensitized the tumors to anti-PD-1 (programmed cell death protein 1) treatment, with similar activity in the Pan-02 pancreatic and A20 lymphoma syngeneic mouse models. IOA-244 reshaped the balance of tumor-infiltrating cells, favoring infiltration of CD8 and natural killer cells, while decreasing suppressive immune cells. IOA-244 presented no detectable safety concerns in animal studies and is currently in clinical phase Ib/II investigation in solid and hematologic tumors.

Significance:

IOA-244 is a first-in-class non–ATP-competitive, PI3Kδ inhibitor with direct antitumor in vitro activity correlated with PI3Kδ expression. The ability to modulate T cells, in vivo antitumor activity in various models with limited toxicity in animal studies provides the rationale for the ongoing trials in patients with solid tumors and hematologic cancers.
IL11 (Interleukin-11) Causes Emphysematous Lung Disease in a Mouse Model of Marfan Syndrome
Authors: Ng Benjamin , Xie Chen , Su Liping , Kuthubudeen Fathima F. , Kwek Xiu-Yi , Yeong Daryl , Pua Chee Jian , Cook Stuart A. , Lim Wei-Wen
Published: March 2023

Background:

Marfan Syndrome (MFS) is an inherited connective tissue disorder caused by mutations in the FBN1 (fibrillin-1) gene. Lung abnormalities are common in MFS, but their pathogenesis is poorly understood. IL11 (interleukin-11) causes aortic disease in a mouse model of MFS and was studied here in the lung.

Methods:

We examined histological and molecular phenotypes in the lungs of
Fbn1
C1041G/+
mice (mouse model of Marfan Syndrome [mMFS]), an established mouse model of MFS. To identify IL11-expressing cells, we used immunohistochemistry on lungs of 4- and 16-week-old
Fbn1
C1041G/+
:
Il11
EGFP/+
reporter mice. We studied the effects of IL11 inhibition by RT-qPCR, immunoblots and histopathology in lungs from genetic or pharmacologic models: (1) 16-week-old IL11 receptor (IL11RA) knockout mMFS mice (
Fbn1
C1041G/+
:
Il11ra1
−/−
mice) and (2) in mMFS mice administered IgG control or interleukin-11 receptor antibodies twice weekly from 4 to 24 weeks of age.

Results:

mMFS lungs showed progressive loss and enlargement of distal airspaces associated with increased proinflammatory and profibrotic gene expression as well as matrix metalloproteinases 2, 9, and 12. IL11 was increased in mMFS lungs and localized to smooth muscle and endothelial cells in young mMFS mice in the
Fbn1
C1041G/+
:
Il11
EGFP/+
reporter strain and in fibroblasts, in older mice. In mMFS mice, genetic (
Fbn1
C1041G/+
:
Il11ra1
−/−
) or pharmacologic (anti-interleukin-11 receptor) inhibition of IL11 signaling reduced lung emphysema, fibrosis, and inflammation. This protective effect was associated with reduced pathogenic ERK1/2 signaling and lower metalloproteinase 2, 9, and 12 expression.

Conclusions:

IL11 causes lung disease in mMFS. This reveals a shared IL11-driven disease mechanism in lung and aorta in MFS and suggests inhibition of IL11 signaling as a holistic approach for treating multiorgan morbidity in MFS.
Intracardiac Echocardiography–Guided Implantation for Proximal Left Bundle Branch Pacing
Authors: Kuang XiaoHui , Zhang Xi , Cui YanJu , Wei FeiYu , Wu Peng , Gao XiaoLong , Xiang Hong , Wu HaiYan , Wang Li-Lin , Zhou Xiaohong , Huang Weijian , Fan Jie
Published: March 2023

Background:

Multiple screw-in attempts under fluoroscopy are often needed to place the pacing lead tip near or at the left bundle branch (LBB). This study was conducted to evaluate the feasibility of implanting an LBB pacing lead in the proximal LBB (PLBB) guided by intracardiac echocardiography (ICE).

Methods:

The distribution of the LBB was initially determined by ICE anatomic imaging and 3-dimensional electrical mapping of His and LBB potentials in 20 patients in the first parts of the study. In the second part, 101 consecutive pacemaker-indicated patients were randomized into the ICE-guided and non-ICE groups for LBB pacing implantation. The procedural details and electrophysiological characteristics of the 2 groups were compared.

Results:

In the first part of the study, PLBB was identified at 10 to 20 mm from the tricuspid annulus toward the apex with an area of 4.5±1.1 cm
2
. In the second part, the number of lead screw-in attempts in the septum was fewer in the ICE group than in the non-ICE group (1.43±0.62 versus 1.98±0.75,
P
=0.0002). The duration of the procedure (26±8 versus 43±9 minutes,
P
<0.001) and fluoroscopy for LBB pacing implantation (7.4±1.8 versus 10.7±2.4 minutes,
P
<0.001) in the ICE group was significantly shorter than those in the non-ICE group. LBB pacing in the ICE group generated a lesser QRS duration with more cases of LBB trunk pacing (46.8% versus 25%,
P
=0.031) and PLBB (91.5% versus 72.7%,
P
=0.0267) pacing compared with that in the non-ICE group.

Conclusions:

The basal left ventricular septum can be better visualized using ICE. ICE-guided PLBB pacing is feasible and safe, with a shorter duration required for the procedure and fluoroscopy, and generates greater LBB trunk pacing and PLBB pacing.
Safety and Efficacy of MCA‐M2 Thrombectomy in Delayed Time Window: A Propensity Score Analysis From the STAR Registry
Authors: Limaye Kaustubh , Koo Andrew B. , Havenon Adam de , Kasab Sami Al , Bohnstedt Bradley , Maier Ilko L. , Psychogios Marios‐Nikos , Wolfe Stacey , Arthur Adam , Kan Peter , Kim Joon‐Tae , Leacy Reade De , Osbun Joshua , Rai Ansaar , Jabbour Pascal , Park Min , Crosa Roberto , Mascitelli Justin , Levitt Michael R. , Polifka Adam , Casagrande Walter , Yoshimura Shinichi , Williamson Richard W. , Gory Benjamin , Mokin Maxim , Fragata Isabel , Romano Daniele G. , Chowdry Shakeel , Shaban Amir , Moss Mark , Behme Daniel , Spiotta Alejandro M. , Matouk Charles ,   For the Stroke Thrombectomy and Aneurysm Registry (STAR) Collaborators
Published: March 2023

Background

Mechanical thrombectomy of middle cerebral artery M2 segment occlusion of the middle cerebral artery has reported safety and efficacy in recent post‐hoc and observational studies. However, there is no known benefit of mechanical thrombectomy for patients with M2 segment occlusions in the delayed time window (>6 hours).

Methods

The Stroke Thrombectomy and Aneurysm Registry (STAR) is a prospective, multicenter, nonrandomized observational study registry for acute ischemic stroke thrombectomy and aneurysm treatment. We analyzed all patients who underwent mechanical thrombectomy within the late time window (>6 hours from symptom onset) involving isolated M2 occlusions. We used propensity score matching to select a comparison group of patients who underwent mechanical thrombectomy for M1 occlusion in the same time window.

Results

Of 1083 consecutive patients analyzed, propensity matching yielded 180 well matched M1 and M2 pairs. Baseline demographics were well balanced between the groups (M1 and M2). Alberta stroke program early CT score (7.6±1.7 versus 8.3±1.5;
P
<0.001) was higher in the M2 group. There was a trend towards less complete recanalization (Thrombolysis in Cerebral Infarction 3) 46.1% versus 39.9% (
P
=0.053) in the middle cerebral artery M2 segment cohort. However, successful recanalization (Thrombolysis in Cerebral Infarction 2b‐3) was better in middle cerebral artery M2 segment cohort (85% versus 90.5%;
P
=0.053). Postprocedural asymptomatic hemorrhage rates were similar (29.4% versus 27.8%;
P
=0.816), but symptomatic hemorrhage rates were higher in the M1 group (7.2% versus 2.2%;
P
=0.047). Rates of good clinical outcome (modified Rankin scale 0–2) were similar at final follow‐up (43.9% versus 46.7%;
P
=0.672). The overall mortality was also similar between the cohorts (12.8% versus 13.9%;
P
=0.877).

Conclusion

In our analysis of the Stroke Thrombectomy and Aneurysm Registry, M2 occlusions not only achieved similar rates of recanalization and good functional outcome compared with M1 occlusions in a delayed time window (6–24 hours from last normal) but also had less symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage.
مسميات الحرس الملكي في النصوص المصرية
Authors: عباس محمد رأفت
Published: March 2023

The state in Ancient Egypt depended on the central domination of the king in the political, administrative, military and economic affairs. Therefore, the importance of the Royal Guards appeared as they were responsible for the safety and protection of the king, who was the axis of domination in the Egyptian civilization. The great importance of the Royal Guards appeared clearly in the Egyptian texts; for example, we found it in the famous instructions of King Kheti to his son "Meri-ka-re" from the Tenth Dynasty of the First Intermediate Period. Also, it was found in the various texts of the New Kingdom, as in the famous epic text of King Ramesses II on the battle of Kadesh from the Nineteenth Dynasty, where the guards of the king succeed in saving the King's life in the harsh moments of fighting. Hence, I aimed in my research to browse the various names and titles of the Royal Guards, mentioned in the Egyptian texts and titles, from the beginning of the Old Kingdom to the end of the New Kingdom.

I divided my research paper into four parts, the first one discussed the principal name of the Royal Guards in the Egyptian texts Smsw, meaning retainers, followers or servants, besides referring to the principal name of the royal guards in the Egyptian texts, ranging from the beginning of the First Intermediate Period and the Middle Kingdom to the various periods of the New Kingdom. In the other three parts of my research paper, I discussed the various names and tides of the Royal Guards in the Old Kingdom, Middle Kingdom and New Kingdom in the different texts and titles of these respective historical periods.
استخدام النقوش الكتابية كمصدر لتاريخ مدن غرب الأندلس في العصر الإسلامي
Authors: سالم سحر السيد عبد العزيز
Published: March 2023

Inscriptions are considered to be the most important source of information in Islamic history. Historians depend on inscriptions and original documents when dating events, because those inscriptions are neutral and non-biased. They are also contemporary witnesses to those events that they record.

This research is dealing with some inscriptions of 5 cities in the West of Andalusia; Badajoz, Merida, Caceres, Trujillo, and Reina. One of those inscriptions has corrected a title of a very distinguished person; others has filled in the gaps of some historical events, which we r e not mentioned in the sources. In addition, they mentioned some people who played a major role, whether politically or scientifically, in the society of this part of Andalusia.
كتابات المسند وكتابات الزبور في اليمن القديم
Authors: الصلوي إبراهيم محمد
Published: March 2023

The Classical Arabian sources, such as (kitab Al-Iklìl, viii), mentioned that Himyar had two types of pre-Islamic texts. One type was called (Masānid), written in (Musnad script). The other type was called (Zubur), and was written in (Zabûr script). But those sources did not mention the differences between the two types of texts. A first reply of such queries appeared in modern period, after the deciphering of more than thousands of monumental inscriptions and number of texts written on wood.

Through comparing the script, writing-materials, language, and contents of the two types of inscriptions, this study aimed to answer the question: Why did the ancient Yemeni used two types of texts?
الأخطاء الكتابية علا الكتابات الشاهدية في اليمن
Authors: الحداد عبد الله عبد السلام
Published: March 2023

Sadah is located in the western north of San' a, the capital of Yemen, and is considered to be the country's first city as regards number of tomb stones scattered in the northern Cemetery known as El 'Arar and in its Southern Cemetery known as El Qaredeen. These 2 Cemeteries contain thousands of tombstones. In addition, there are some 60 tombstones inside Al-Emam Al-Hady Mosque.

This research studies 85 tombstones of Sadah Cemetery and Al Emam Al Hady Mosque. Many previous studies have been concerned more about the context, type of calligraphies and its decorative styl es , names and titles of the deceased, its Quranic verses and religious sentences. However, none of those studies were concerned with the grammatical mistakes in the inscription of these tombstones.
Study on the Property and Mechanism of Low Content Cement-Industrial Waste Residue Silt Solidification
Authors: Dong Wanying , Gu Weiyang , Zhan Qiwei , Wang Anhui , Zhou Juanlan
Published: March 2023

In this paper, industrial waste residue was used as the main cementing material instead of Portland cement to solidify the silt, which was in contrast with the single cement solidified silt. Firstly, the mechanical properties and influence laws of single cement and different mix ratio
cement-industrial waste solidified silt were carried out. Secondly, the optimal mix ratio of solidified silt was obtained as: Portland cement: blast furnace slag: phosphogypsum = 3:6:1. Compared with the solidified silt with single cement, the compressive strength of the solidified silt with
composite curing agent reached 517.19 kPa after curing for 28 days, which was 80.09% higher than that of the solidified silt with single cement. Finally, X-ray diffractometer (XRD), scanning electron microscope (SEM), thermogravimetric analyzer (TG) and nitrogen adsorption pore analyzer were
used to study the composition, quantity, microstructure and pore characteristics of the minerals generated during the solidification process of the composite curing agent, so as to reveal the mechanism of the effective solidification of the silt by the composite curing agent. The test results
showed that the secondary hydration reaction of blast furnace slag can be co-stimulated by the cement hydration products Calcium hydroxide and phosphogypsum, and the hydration products formed Hydrated calcium silicate colloid and Ettringite crystal. The hydration products with colloid properties
were added to the solidified silt system, which will significantly improve the solidified silt performance of the composite curing agent. Hydrated calcium silicate colloid and Ettringite crystal played an important role in the skeleton and filling, and the structure of the silt solidified
by the compound curing agent was more compact.
A Sensitive Electrochemical Aptasensor Based on Black Phosphorus Nanosheet for Carbaryl Detection
Authors: Zhang Chuanxiang , Huang Hao , Zhou Jie , Hu Changchun , Li Shuo , Wei Dan , Tan Yimin , Deng Yan
Published: March 2023

Carbaryl is a broad-spectrum carbamate insecticide widely used to control pests on crops, trees and ornamental plants. Carbaryl residues in fruits and vegetables and other foods can accumulate in the human body and damage human health. Therefore, it is very essential to establish a
sensitive and reliable method for determination of carbaryl. Black phosphorene nanosheets (BPNPs) modified glassy carbon electrode was herein prepared using poly(3,4-dioxyethylenethiophene)-poly(styrene sulfonate) (PEDOT: PSS) as both membrane and stabilizer. The nanocomposites (BP-PEDOT:
PSS) were synthesized by combining BP at the ratio of PEDOT: PSS, which improved conductivity and stability of BP. In order to enhance the electrochemical signal and build the carbaryl aptamer sensor, the surface of BP-PEDOT: PSS was modified by Au nanoparticles (Au NPs). The carbaryl aptamer
modified with sulfhydryl groups was immobilized in the outer layer of Au NPs, and the target carbaryl was specifically recognized and captured by carbaryl aptamer and adsorbed on the electrode surface, thus causing changes in the interfacial electrochemical signal. The conditions were optimized
and characterized by cyclic voltammetry (CV), and linear equation was obtained as ΔI(μA) = −11.35logC−29.70, R2 = 0.997. The detection range was 0.01 ng/mL–10 μg/mL, with a limit of detection of 7.0 pg/mL.
Long-Term Synergistic Analgesic Effect Analysis of Co-Delivery Bupivacaine and Dexmedetomidine Loaded by Nano Multilayer Liposome
Authors: Pan Feng , Huang Chunyan , Sha Chunhe , Huang Kai
Published: March 2023

Local anesthetic (LA) is widely used in the treatment of acute or chronic pain. However, due to its short half-life, it is not suitable for long-term effective analgesia and has major toxic and side effects, so its clinical application is limited. Nanoliposomes (NPs) can locally sustain
and control drug release, prolonging drug action time and reducing drug side effects. In this study, BUP-DEX-NPs containing bupivacaine (BUP) and dexmedetomidine (DEX) was prepared by multi-layer liposome encapsulation technology, so as to control the orderly release of the two drugs, so as
to enhance the analgesic effect and prolong the analgesic time. Microscopical properties were analyzed by particle size, potential and morphology, encapsulation ratio, drug loading and in vitro release performance were determined by High performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), cytotoxicity
was tested by CCK8 method, and in vivo analgesic effect was tested by rat plantar incision model. The results showed that BUP-DEX-NPs was a multilayer liposome structure with an average particle size of 209.4±5.8 nm, and low cytotoxicity. BUP encapsulation ratio was 92.15±0.28%
and drug loading was 15.85±0.38%. The encapsulation ratio of DEX was 91.36±0.44% and the drug loading was 17.15±0.32%. The drug can be released slowly in vitro and in vivo to prolong the analgesic time, and the synergistic effect of BUP and DEX is better
than that of BUP alone. These results indicated that BUP-DEX-NPs had good drug loading performance and long-term analgesic ability. Therefore, the novel double-loading nano-liposomes prepared by multi-layer liposome encapsulation technology in this study show a good application prospect in
postoperative long-term synergistic analgesia.
Push-Out Bond Strength Failure Analysis of Gutta-Percha and Martens Hardness of Radicular Dentin Disinfected Using Rose Bengal, Er, Cr: YSGG, Sealed with a Novel Bio-Ceramic Sealer
Authors: AlGhamdi AbdulRahman Saeed , Almutairi Nawaf , Alotaibi Badi , Alsalhi Hanin , Barakat Ali , Abdouh Ismail , Abdoh Roqia , Elgendy Nadia
Published: March 2023

Push-out bond strength (POBS) and failure analysis of gutta-percha and Martens hardness (MH) of canal dentin sealed with Bio-ceramic sealer (BCS). Specimens underwent endodontic treatment. Based on the method of disinfectants, specimens were classified into 4 groups. Group 1:5.25% NaOCl+Q-mix,
group 2:ECYL+Q-mix, group 3:LGE+Q-mix, and group 4:RBP+Q-mix. Before obturation MH was assessed using a microhardness tester. Canals were obturated, and sealed with Bio-Root RCS. Each root was cut horizontally in 2 mm thickness and placed under the indenter of the universal testing machine.
One-way analysis of variance and the Post Hoc Tukey test for group comparisons as statistical analysis. Samples with (5.25% NaOCl+Q-mix) displayed the highest bond integrity of BCS (8.00±0.24 MPa). The lowest POBS was demonstrated by the apical section of group 4 (RBP+Q-mix 2 in 1)
(4.10±0.94 MPa) specimens. Group 2 (ECYL+Q-mix) and group 3 (LGE+Q-mix) exhibited comparable outcomes of bond scores to group 1 specimens (p > 0.05). MH was significantly lower in group 4 compared to group 1, group 2, and group 3 (p <0.05). The bond strength of BCS
and MH of canal dentin is influenced by the type of irrigation.