bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Vibration-Based Non-Destructive Evaluation of Internal Damage in Foam Cored Sandwich Structures Using Wavelet Analysis
Authors: Katunin Andrzej
Published: March 2019

Modern mechanical and civil structures are increasingly designed using polymeric composites that ensure great
strength-to-mass ratio and are resistant to various environmental interactions, like corrosion. The application of
sandwich structures in the design of mechanical and civil constructions is determined by their good stiffness properties and very low mass, which is a very attractive combination. Due to their wide applicability, these structures
should be properly maintained and diagnosed, and thus, appropriate non-destructive testing (NDT) methods should
be developed in order to detect and identify various types of damage. Special attention should be paid to internal
damage (damage to the core of a sandwich structure), which cannot be detected during a visual inspection. In the
paper, an NDT method based on modal analysis and further processing of modal shapes using a wavelet transform is proposed. Three sandwich structures with damage to the core of various types were experimentally tested
using modal analysis, the damage positions were detected and identified using wavelet analysis, and verified by
comparing the results of previously performed thermographic tests. The obtained results show a high effectiveness
of the proposed approach, which could find an application in the industrial inspection of sandwich structures in a
non-destructive and non-contact manner.
Using a New Size Dependent Orthotropic Elastic Shell Model for the Investigation of Free Vibration of Protein Microtubules
Authors: Tadi Beni Yaghoub , Karimi Zeverdejani Mehran
Published: March 2019

Protein microtubules are one of the most effective intracellular components. The microtubules structure is in a
manner that their behaviour is similar to that of the orthotropic materials. Therefore, in this paper, size-dependent
vibration of the anisotropic protein microtubule is studied. For this purpose, using a first shear deformable shell
model and based on couple stress theory, new equations are developed for the dynamic behavior of anisotropic
protein microtubule. After solving the governing equations of microtubule motion, the effects of cytoplasm environment, microtubule dimensions and its mechanical properties, and material length scale parameters on the
natural frequency of microtubules are investigated.
Protein-Encoding RNA-to-RNA Information Transfer in Mammalian Cells: Principles of RNA-Dependent mRNA Amplification
Authors: Volloch Vladimir
Published: March 2019

The transfer of protein-encoding genetic information from DNA to RNA to protein, a process formalized as the “Central Dogma of Molecular Biology”, has undergone a significant evolution since its inception. It was amended to account for the information flow from RNA to DNA, the reverse transcription, and for the information transfer from RNA to RNA, the RNA-dependent RNA synthesis. These processes, both potentially leading to protein production, were initially described only in viral systems, and although RNA-dependent RNA polymerase activity was shown to be present, and RNA-dependent RNA synthesisfound to occur, in mammalian cells, its function was presumed to be restricted to regulatory. However, recent results, obtained with multiple mRNA species in several mammalian systems, strongly indicate the occurrence of protein-encoding RNA to RNA information transfer in mammalian cells. It can result in the rapid production of the extraordinary quantities of specific proteins as was seen in cases of terminal cellular differentiation and during cellular deposition of extracellular matrix molecules. A malfunction of this process may be involved in pathologies associated either with the deficiency of a protein normally produced by this mechanism or with the abnormal abundanceof a protein or of its C-terminal fragment. It seems to be responsible for some types of familial thalassemia and may underlie the overproduction of beta amyloid in sporadic Alzheimer’s disease. The aim of the present article is to systematize the current knowledge and understanding of this pathway. The outlined framework introduces unexpected features of the mRNA amplification such as its ability to generate polypeptides non-contiguously encoded in the genome, its second Tier, a physiologically occurring intracellular PCR, iPCR, a Two-Tier Paradox and RNA Dark Matter. RNA-dependent mRNA amplification represents a new mode of genomic protein-encoding information transfer in mammalian cells. Its potential physiological impact is substantial, it appears relevant to multiple pathologies and its understanding opens new venues of therapeutic interference, it suggests powerful novel bioengineering approaches and its further rigorous investigations are highly warranted.
Quantum Mechanical Explanation for Dark energy, Cosmic Coincidence, Flatness, Age and Size of Universe
Authors: Dikshit Biswaranjan
Published: March 2019

In this paper, by taking the structure of universe to be a 3-sphere and assuming that the zero-point oscillator for all particles is same, we derive an analytical expression for  vacuum (or dark) energy density and eliminate the discrepancy of ~10123 between quantum mechanical prediction and astronomical observation. Thus, we solve the cosmological constant problem. Then, using the analytical expression of the dark energy, we derive the expression for non-vacuum contribution to energy density (ordinary/dark matter, radiation) and show that ratio between non-vacuum to vacuum energy is ~1/2, thus solving the cosmic coincidence problem which questions why the matter energy density is of the same order as the vacuum energy density. Finally, using the above expressions for energy density, observed flatness of space is explained, Hubble’s constant is proved to be exactly equal to the reciprocal of the age of universe and size of universe is estimated. The calculated age and radius of universe comes out to be ~14.4 billion years and ~50 billion light years respectively which match well with the astronomically observed data.
Deflection Angle of Photon Through Dark Matter by Black Holes/Wormholes Using the Gauss-Bonnet Theorem
Authors: Övgün Ali
Published: March 2019

Maxwell's fish eye has been known to be a perfect lens in optics. In this letter, using the Gibbons-Werner method, namely Gauss-Bonnet theorem on optical geometry of black hole, we extend the calculation of the weak gravitational lensing within the Maxwell's fisheye as a perfect lensing in medium composed of an isotropic refractive index that near-field information can be obtained from far-field distances. Moreover, these results provide an excellent tool to observe compact massive object by weak gravitational lensing within the dark matter medium and to understand the nature of the dark matter that may effect the gravitational waves. Moreover, we show that Gauss-Bonnet theorem is a global effect and this method can be used as a new tool on any optical geometry of compact objects in dark matter medium.
Tunneling of Massive Vector Particles from Types of BTZ-like Black Holes
Authors: Javed Wajiha , Ali Riasat , Babar Rimsha , Övgün Ali
Published: March 2019

In this paper, we analyze the Hawking radiation phenomenon for types of Banados-Teitelboim- Zanelli-like (BTZ-like) black holes. For this purpose, using the Hamilton-Jacobi method, we consider semi-classical WKB approximation to calculate the tunneling probabilities of massive boson particles. For these particles, we use the equation of motion for the Glashow-Weinberg-Salam model. Using quantum tunneling process of charged massive bossons, we compute the corresponding Hawking temperatures. Furthermore, we discuss the effects of rotation parameter on tunneling probability and temperature.
Innovative Data Management in Advanced Characterization: Implications for Materials Design
Authors: Romanos Nick , Kalogerini Maritini , Koumoulos Elias P. , Morozinis Athanasios , Sebastiani Marco , Charitidis Costas
Published: March 2019

This paper describes a novel methodology of data management in materials characterisation, which has as starting point the creation and usage of Data Management Plan (DMP) for scientific data in the field of materials science and engineering, followed by the development and exploitation of ontologies for the harnessing of data created through experimental techniques. The case study that is discussed here is nanoindentation, a widely used method for the determination and/or modelling of mechanical properties on a small scale.The same methodology can be applicable to a large number of techniques that produce big amount of raw data, while at the same time it can be invaluable tool for big data analysis and for the creation of an open innovation environment, where data can be accessed freely and efficiently.Aspects covered include the taxonomy and curation of data, the creation of ontology and classification about characterization techniques, the harnessing of data in open innovation environments via database construction along with the retrieval of information via algorithms. The issues of harmonization and standardization of such novel approaches are also critically discussed.Finally, the possible implications for nanomaterial design and the potential industrial impact of the new approach are described and a critical outlook is given.
Path Analysis of Causal Factors Influencing Marine Traffic Accident via Structural Equation Numerical Modeling
Authors: Hu Shenping , Li Zhuang , Xi Yongtao , Gu Xunyu , Zhang Xinxin
Published: March 2019

Many causal factors to marine traffic accidents (MTA) influence each other and have associated effects. It is necessary to quantify the correlation path mode of these factors to improve accident prevention measures and their effects. In the application of human factors to the accident mechanisms, the complex structural chains on causes to MTA systems were analyzed combining the Human Failure Analysis and Classification System (HFACS) with theoretical Structural Equation Modeling (SEM). First, the accident causation model was established as a human error analysis classification in sight of MTA, and the constituent elements of the causes of accident was conducted. Second, a hypothetical model of Human factors classification was proposed applying the practice of the structural model. Third, with the data resource from ship accident cases, this hypothetical model was discussed and simulated, and as a result the relationship path dependency mode between the latent independent variable of the accident was quantitatively analyzed based on the observed dependent variable of human behaviors. Application examples show that relationships in HFACS are verified and in line with the path developing mode, and resource management factors have a pronounced influence and a strong relevance to the causal chain of the accidents. Appropriate algorithms for the theoretical model can be used to numerically understand the safety performance of marine traffic systems under different parameters through mathematical analysis. Hierarchical assumptions in the HFACS model are quantitatively verified.
Foliar Application of Y-Aminobutyric Acid (GABA) Improves Vegetative Growth, and the Physiological and Antioxidative Potential of Daucus Carota L. under Water Deficit Conditions
Authors: Bashir Rohina , Riaz Hafiza Naila , Shafiq Muhammad , Parveen Nusrat , Alenazi Mekhled Mutiran , Anwar Sumera , Alebidi Abdullah Issa
Published: March 2019

Scarcity of water is one of the most serious concerns in plant biology with diverse implications at all the levels of molecular, biochemical, and physiological phenomena of plant growth, development, and consequently the productivity. Most of the strategies to induce or enhance drought tolerance in plants are unreasonably expensive and/or time-consuming. Some studies conducted in the recent past have shown that plant growth regulators (PGRs) may induce/improve physiological tolerance in plants to cope with adverse environmental conditions including drought. The present study was aimed at investigating the effects of foliar spray of GABA (0, 1, 2, and 4 mM) applied 20 days following the germination of seeds, on vegetative growth, morphological characteristics, integrity of cell-membrane, and the levels of photosynthetic pigments and enzymatic antioxidants in carrot cvs. Supertaj and Bharat, grown under 100% and 50% field capacity of soil moisture. The treated and untreated (control) carrot plants were harvested and analyzed 2 weeks following the GABA application. The results revealed that foliar application of GABA improved the vegetative growth and significantly increased the levels of free amino acids, plastid pigments, enzymatic antioxidants, and the relative water content in the root crop grown under 50% field capacity of soil moisture, compared to control. Additionally, the GABA application decreased the electrolyte leakage of ions and melondialdehyde (MDA) content in carrot leaves. The carrots harvested from GABA-treated or untreated (control) plants were not significantly different for their protein contents. In conclusion, the incorporation of GABA in the production management of carrots may help plants to mitigate the adverse effects of water deficit stress.
Mosquitoes as a Potential Vector for the Transmission of the Amphibian Chytrid Fungus
Authors: Gould John , Valdez Jose , Stockwell Michelle , Clulow Simon , Mahony Michael
Published: March 2019

The amphibian chytrid fungus, Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis (Bd), is an infectious disease responsible for the worldwide decline of amphibian species. To mitigate these declines, it is necessary to identify the various vectors by which the fungus can be transmitted between individuals and populations. The objective of this study was to determine whether adult female mosquitoes can carry and transfer Bd fungal cells. Mosquitoes were exposed to net soaked in a live Bd zoospore suspension to determine whether they are able to externally acquire the fungus. Another group was placed into containers with a sterile and Bd-inoculated agar plate to determine whether mosquitoes could transfer Bd between these surfaces. Bd DNA was found to be present on mosquito legs exposed to inoculated netting and agar plates suggesting that Bd can be transmitted by the mosquito over short distances This is the first study to demonstrate that an insect host may be a mechanical vector of Bd and suggests that we should begin to consider the role of mosquitoes in the dissemination and control of the fungus.
Convergence in Quantum Field Theory without Use of Renormalization
Authors: Dikshit Biswaranjan
Published: March 2019

In quantum field theory (QFT), it is well known that when Feynman diagrams containing loops are evaluated to account for self interactions, probability amplitude comes out to be infinite which is physically not admissible. So, to make the QFT convergent, various renormalization methods are conventionally followed in which an additional (infinite) counter term is postulated which neutralizes the original infinity generated by diagram. The resulting finite values of amplitudes have agreed with experiments with surprising accuracy. However, proponents of renormalization methods acknowledged that this ad-hoc procedure of subtraction of infinity from infinity to reach at a finite value is not at all satisfactory and there is no physical basis for bringing in the counter term. So, it is desirable to establish a method in QFT which does not generate any infinite term (thus not requiring renormalization), but which predicts same results as conventional methods do. In this paper, we describe such a technique taking self interaction quantum electrodynamics diagram representing electron or photon self energy. In our method, no problem of infinity arises and hence renormalization is not necessary. Still, the dependence of calculated probability amplitude on physical variables in our technique comes out to be same as conventional methods. Using similar procedure, we hope, the problem of non-renormalizability of quantum gravity may be solved in future.
Carrier Dynamics in InGaN/GaN on the Basis of Different In Concentrations
Authors: Ye Zhi Ting , Nguyen Hong Thai , Feng Shih-Wei , Wang Hsiang-Chen , Chou Hwei-Ling
Published: March 2019

InGaN/GaN samples grown on c-plane sapphire substrate with different In concentrations by metal organic chemical vapor deposition are demonstrated. The subsequent capping GaN layer growth opens a possibility for dislocation reduction due to the lateral strain relaxation in growth geometry. We present the further growth optimization and innovative characterization of InGaN layers overgrown on different structures with varying In concentrations. The photoelectrical and optical properties of the InGaN layers with or without capping GaN layer were investigated by time-resolved picosecond transient grating and temperature dependence photoluminescence. We note a 10-fold increase in carrier lifetime in the InGaN layers when the sample structure changes from PIN to single InGaN layer.
Entropy of Reissner-Nordström 3D Hole in Roegenian Economics
Authors: Udriste Constantin , Ferrara Massimiliano , Tevy Ionel , Zugravescu Dorel , Munteanu Florin
Published: March 2019

The subject of this paper is to analyse the Math Principia of Economic 3D Black Holes in Roegenian economics. This idea is totally new in the related literature, excepting our papers. In details, we study two special problems: (i) math origin of economic 3D black holes, (ii) entropy and internal political stability depending on national income and the total investment, for economic RN 3D black hole. To solve these problems, it was necessary to jump from macroeconomic side to microeconomic side (a substantial approach so different), to complete the thermodynamics-economics dictionary with new entities, to introduce the flow between two macroeconomic systems, to study the Schwarzschild type metric properties on an economic 4D system, together with Rindler coordinates, Einstein 4D PDEs, and economic RN 3D black hole. In addition, we introduce some economic Ricci type flows or waves, for further research.
An Ensemble Method of the Relationship between Diffusion Coefficient and Entropy in the Classical Brownian Motion
Authors: Liao Yi , Gong Xiao-Bo
Published: March 2019

The diffusion coefficient--a measure of dissipation, and the entropy--a measure of fluctuation are found to be intimately correlated in many physical systems. Unlike the fluctuation dissipation theorem in linear response theory, the correlation is often strongly non-linear. To understand this complex dependence, we consider the classical Brownian diffusion in this work. Under certain rational assumption, i.e. in the bi-component fluid mixture, the mass of the Brownian particle $M$ is far greater than that of the bath molecule $m$, we can adopt the weakly couple limit. Only considering the first-order approximation of the mass ratio $m/M$, we obtain a linear motion equation in the reference frame of the observer as a Brownian particle. Based on this equivalent equation, we get the Hamiltonian at equilibrium. Finally, using canonical ensemble method, we define a new entropy that is similar to the Kolmogorov-Sinai entropy. Further, we present an analytic expression of the relationship between the diffusion coefficient $D$ and the entropy $S$ in the thermal equilibrium, that is to say, $D =\frac{\hbar}{eM} \exp{[S/(k_Bd)]}$, where $d$ is the dimension of the space, $k_B$ the Boltzmann constant, $\hbar $ the reduced Planck constant and $e$ the Euler number. This kind of scaling relation has been well-known and well-tested since the similar one for single component is firstly derived by Rosenfeld with the expansion of volume ratio.
Uji Aktivitas Antibakteri Ekstrak Dan Getah Pelepah Serta Bonggol Pisang Kepok Kuning (Musa paradisiaca Linn.) Terhadap Bakteri Pseudomonas aeruginosa dan Klebsiella pneumoniae Dengan Metode Difusi Agar
Authors: Azizah Rumaisya , Antarti Anif Nur
Published: March 2019

Tanaman pisang kepok kuning (Musa paradisiaca Linn.) dipercaya memiliki aktivitas antibakteri karena mengandung senyawa saponin, flavonoid dan alkaloid. Ekstrak pelepah dan bonggol pisang kepok kuning terbukti mampu menghambat pertumbuhan S. aureus dan E. coli. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk melihat potensi antibakteri ekstrak dan getah pelepah serta bonggol pisang kepok kuning terhadap bakteri Pseudomonas aeruginosa dan Klebsiella pneumoniae. Sampel ekstrak dibuat dengan metode ekstraksi maserasi menggunakan pelarut etanol 96% dan sampel getah dibuat dengan proses pemarutan dan penyaringan, dilanjutkan dengan uji aktivitas antibakteri menggunakan metode difusi agar. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian deskriptif. Daya aktivitas antibakteri didapatkan dengan mengukur diameter zona hambat yang terbentuk dengan 6 variasi konsentrasi yaitu 200 mg/mL, 250 mg/mL, 300 mg/mL, 350 mg/mL, 400 mg/mL dan 450 mg/mL. Kontrol positif menggunakan amoxicillin 25 µg/disk dan kontrol negatif menggunakan aquadest. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan ekstrak dan getah pelepah serta bonggol pisang kepok kuning memiliki aktivitas antibakteri. Diameter daya hambat paling besar terhadap Pseudomonas aeruginosa dihasilkan oleh ekstrak bonggol dengan kategori kuat (10,57 mm ± 0,35) sedangkan pada Klebsiella pneumoniae dihasilkan oleh ekstrak pelepah dengan kategori sedang (8,62 mm ± 0,45).
Uji Stabilitas dan Aktivitas Gel andsanitizer Ekstrak Daun Kemangi
Authors: Rohmani Sholichah , Kuncoro Muhammad A.A.
Published: March 2019

Daun kemangi memiliki potensi kuat yang beraktivitas untuk menghambat pertumbuhan bakteri S.aureus. Untuk meningkatkan keefektifitasan dalam pemanfaatan potensi ekstrak daun kemangi, maka dibuat dalam bentuk sediaan yang praktis dan mudah digunakan. Salah satu bentuk sediaan yang efektif untuk terapi topikal adalah handsanitizer gel. Faktor yang mempengaruhi kualitas sediaan gel salah satunya adalah penggunaan bahan tambahan seperti gelling agent, dimana pemilihan jenis dan konsentrasi gelling agent akan menentukan kestabilan gel yang terbentuk, sehingga penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh konsentrasi CMC Na sebagai gelling agent terhadap stabilitas fisik dari gel handsanitizer ekstrak daun kemangi sebagai antibakteri. Ekstrak daun kemangi diperoleh dengan metode maserasi menggunakan pelarut etanol 96%. Ekstrak yang dihasilkan diformulasikan dalam sediaan  gel dengan penambahan CMC Na 1%(F1), 2%(F2), 3%(F3). Setiap formula dilakukan pengujian stabilitas fisik meliputi uji organoleptis, uji homogenitas, uji daya sebar, uji daya lekat, uji pH, dan cycling test selama 6 siklus serta uji aktivitas antibakteri. Dari hasil penelitian diketahui bahwa perbedaan konsentrasi CMC Na sebagai gelling agent berpengaruh terhadap konsistensi, daya lekat, daya sebar, dan aktivitas antibakteri dari sediaan gel handsanitizer ekstrak daun kemangi, dimana peningkatan konsentrasi CMC Na maka konsistensi semakin meningkat, daya lekat semakin lama, daya sebar semakin kecil, dan aktifitas antibakterinya semakin menurun, namun perbedaan konsentrasi CMC Na tidak berpengaruh terhadap pH dan homogenitasnya. Gel handsanitizer ekstrak daun kemangi memiliki stabilitas yang baik sebelum maupun sesudah cycling test.
The Validity of Central Venous to Arterial Carbon Dioxide Difference to Predict Adequate Fluid Management during Living Donor Liver Transplantation. A prospective observational study.
Authors: Elayashy Mohamed , Hosny Hisham , Hussein Amr , Mahmoud Ahmed Abdelaal Ahmed , Mukhtar Ahmed , ElKhateeb Amira , Wagih Mohamed , AboulFetouh Fawzia , Abdelaal Amr , Said Hany , Abdo Mostafa
Published: March 2019

Background: to assess the validity of Central and Pulmonary CO2 gaps to predict and guide fluid management during liver transplantation.
Methods: Intraoperative fluid management was guided by pulse pressure variations (PPV). PPV of ≥15% triggered fluid resuscitation with 250 ml albumin 5% boluses to restoret PPV to <15%. Simultaneous blood sampling from central venous and pulmonary artery catheters (PAC) were clolected to calculate central and pulmonary CO2 gap. Patients were considered Fluid Responsive (FRS) if fluid boluses restored PPV to <15% and Fluid non-Responsive (FnRS) if not. CO and lactate and their correlation to CO2 gaps were also recorded.
Results: The discriminative ability of Central and Pulmonary CO2 gaps between the two statuses (FRS and FnRS) was poor. AUC of ROC were 0.698 and 0.570 respectively. The Central CO2 gap was significantly higher in FRS than FnRS (P=0.016), with no difference in Pulmonary CO2 gap between both statuses.
conclusion: Central and the Pulmonary CO2 gaps cannot be used alone as valid tools to predict fluid responsiveness and guide fluid management during liver transplantation. CO2 gaps do not correlate well with the changes in PPV or CO
Trial registration: Clinicaltrials.gov NCT03123172. Registered on 31-march-2017
Soil Amendments Affect Soil Health Indicators and Crop Yield in Perennial Strawberry
Authors: Gannett Maria , Pritts Marvin P. , Lehmann Johannes
Published: March 2019

Soil amendments with varying carbon:nitrogen (C:N) ratios [grass clippings, wheat (Triticum aestivum), straw, sawdust] were pre-plant incorporated into 12 × 15-ft field plots at ≈4 tons/acre in fall and then planted to perennial strawberry (Fragaria ×ananassa) the following spring and grown 4 years. These amendments were intended to alter soil biological activity as measured by a suite of soil tests referred to as “soil health indicators” which, in turn, were hypothesized to affect strawberry plant growth and yield. In addition, plots were either tilled deeply or shallowly to determine if intensity of tillage affected soil health indicators. After the first and second years, amendments were reapplied between rows and soil and plant variables continued to be monitored. Soil respiration was consistently higher in plots with higher C:N amendments, with up to a 189% increase in respiration in sawdust-amended plots over unamended plots. The respiration rate was highest in sawdust-amended shallow-tilled plots; however, in most cases, tillage depth had no effect on other soil or plant variables. Potentially mineralizable N was higher in sawdust-amended plots in May both years, but not throughout the rest of the season. Soil moisture and pH were 21% and 2% higher, respectively, between the rows of strawberries than within the rows by September of the planting year, and remained that way throughout the next year. Neither the C:N ratio of the soil nor the foliar nutrient concentration of strawberry leaves was affected by the C:N ratio of the amendments. Most significantly, plant density and yield were depressed up to 42% and 26%, respectively, by planting into straw-amended soil, but planting into other amendments did not have this effect. After the second fruiting year (the third growing season), only straw was incorporated into half of the plots after harvest to mimic winter straw mulch incorporation, and yield was measured again the following spring. However, incorporation of straw between rows after plants were established did not affect yield. This study corroborates the general recommendation to avoid new strawberry plantings in locations that were recently planted to strawberry, as old fields likely harbor pathogens and contain undecomposed straw residue from previous years’ mulching that could depress yield. Despite differences in soil health indicators between amendment and tillage treatments, yield differences were not correlated with them. These observations suggest that alternative soil health indicators may be better suited for perennial strawberry.
Genetic Diversity as Revealed by Intersimple Sequence Repeat Polymorphism in Narcissus Accessions to Identify the Tolerant Genotypes for Deficit Irrigation
Authors: Zangeneh Mozhgan , Salehi Hassan
Published: March 2019

There are many species of Narcissus in diverse areas of the world in natural or cultured form and there is no complete information about their genetic status, especially the relatedness within a species. Thus, the current study applied intersimple sequence repeat (ISSR) markers to estimate the genetic diversity of 31 accessions, including 30 accessions of Narcissus tazetta, collected from 16 regions of Iran and one known exotic narcissus species that is being cultivated in Iran, and identification of tolerant genotypes for deficit irrigation by evaluation of their morpho-physiological characteristics. Seventeen anchored ISSR primers from a total of 19 tested ISSR primer pairs were used and produced 206 bands of different sizes. The average percentage of polymorphic bands was 96.02%. The maximum resolving power (8.32), polymorphic information content average (0.44), and marker index values (5.61) were observed for the primers of 811, 828, and 811, respectively. The unweighted pair group method with arithmetic mean based on Jaccard’s coefficients was used to assign the genotypes to one of two major clusters. Both clusters were divided into two subclusters, with single and double flowers separating into subgroups. The results showed that ISSR markers can be used as a diagnostic tool to evaluate genetic variation in Narcissus genotypes and reveal their relationships. The results of screening study identified drought-tolerant accessions. They were clustered into two major groups: drought-tolerant accessions with single flowers and drought-sensitive accessions having double and semidouble flowers. The findings presented can be used in breeding programs for different Narcissus genotypes.
Bispecific Antibodies in Clinical Practice and Clinical Trials (Literature Review)
Authors: Solopova O.N. , Misyurin Vsevolod Andreevich
Published: March 2019

Therapeutic monoclonal antibodies have long been an effective tool deployed by physicians of different specialties, particularly by oncologists. Bispecific antibodies opened up new horizons in the treatment of cancer as they allow to involve a patient’s endogenous immunity in his or her fight against tumor. The present review covers all the formats and strategies used in engineering of bispecific antibodies which reached the stage of clinical trials and also focuses on the available results of these clinical trials.
Intermediate Results of Prospective Observational Study: The 2-year Experience of Ibrutinib Therapy in Relapsed/Refractory Mantle Cell Lymphoma in Clinical Practice
Authors: Vorob'ev Vladimir Ivanovich , Zherebtsova V.A. , Dubrovin E.I. , Bychenkova L.A. , Kochkareva Yu.B. , Mukha L.A. , Ivanova V.L. , Khuazheva N.K. , Ptushkin V.V.
Published: March 2019

Aim. To assess efficacy and toxicity of ibrutinib monotherapy in patients with relapsed/refractory mantle cell lymphoma (MCL). Materials & Methods. In this group of patients ibrutinib has been used since April 2016. Ibrutinib administration criteria were the age > 18 years and the confirmed MCL diagnosis with nuclear hyperexpression of cyclin D1 and t(11;14) (q13;q32) translocation. Poor physical status, pancytopenia, infectious complications (except for life-threatening conditions), blastoid variant, and the number of previous treatment lines were not regarded as contraindications to ibrutinib therapy. Oral ibrutinib was administered once a day at a dose of 560 mg before progression and until intolerable toxicity was observed. Results. From April 20, 2016 to April 6, 2018 ibrutinib therapy was provided to 42 patients with relapsed/refractory MCL. The median age was 69 years (range 40-81); 64 % of patients were men; ECOG > 2 was registered in 14 % of patients; 38 % of patients had blastoid variant; the median number of previous treatment lines was 2 (range 1-11). The overall response rate was 85 % (35 % were in complete remission); 57 % (24/42) of patients remain on ibrutinib treatment for the period of 4-667 days. The median event-free survival (EFS) was 365 days (95% confidence interval was 31-698 days). The median overall survival was not achieved. In blastoid variant the median EFS was 92 days, in the alternative group the median was not achieved and EFS was 76 % for 12 months (p < 0.001). In the majority of cases ibrutinib was well tolerated by patients. The most common complications were myalgia and muscle cramps (57 % cases), diarrhea (46 %, and grade 3 in 5 % cases), hemorrhagic complications (63 %, all of them of grade 1-2), and arrhythmia (7 %). Infectious complications were reported in 31 % of patients. In one case the start of ibrutinib treatment appeared to be problematic due to neutropenia of grade 4. Relative dose intensity was > 98 % (range 91.6-100 %). In 10 (24 %) patients ibrutinib treatment had to be adjusted (dose reduction or treatment interruption) due to toxicity and planned surgeries. None of ibrutinib recipients had to completely discontinue ibrutinib therapy due to complications. Conclusion. These data on the use of ibrutinib in actual clinical practice are comparable with the results of international multicenter studies (PCYC-1104, SPARK, and RAY). Reduced toxicity profile and rather high speed of antitumor response allow for ibrutinib administration in cases of poor physical status, low blood count, and even infectious complications. However, some adverse effects are manifested not earlier than after 6-month treatment, which calls for continuous monitoring, especially when preparing for surgeries.
Overcoming Resistance in Relapsed Anaplastic Large-Cell Lymphoma, ALK-Positive (Literature Review and Clinical Experience)
Authors: Vinogradova Yuliya Eikhenovna , Chernova N.G.
Published: March 2019

Peripheral T-cell lymphomas (PTCL) are characterized by unfavorable prognosis and poorer survival in comparison with B-cell lymphomas. Probability of remission on first-line PTCL therapy is not higher than 60 % with high relapse rate. Longterm remission in PTCL relapses/progression cases typically fails to be achieved. The present article provides literature review and the authors’ own clinical experience in the management of anaplastic large-cell lymphoma, ALK-positive with primary skin and soft tissue lesions in an 65-year old female patient. After NHL-BFM-90 intensive chemotherapy the first 5,5-year complete remission was achieved in this patient. Afterwards a СНОР therapy-resistant relapse was identified. Chemotherapy-resistance of tumor was successfully overcome by adding of epigenetic drugs to cytostatic antitumor therapy. The duration of second complete remission is 3 years. Oncohematological diseases with either initial chemotherapy-resistance or the resistance acquired during antitumor therapy are most efficiently treated by various drug combinations including monoclonal antibodies, epigenetic drugs, and cytostatic therapy.
The role of insurance in the management of disaster risk: the case of the Italian cathedrals
Authors: Porrini Donatella , De Masi Francesco
Published: March 2019

The aim of this article is to analyze the role of insurance for the coverage of damages deriving from natural disasters, focusing on the specific case of the Italian cathedrals. In this sense, a survey was conducted among the Italian Dioceses asking them to complete a questionnaire, through which the data useful for the analysis of the spread of insurance contracts and for other qualitative and quantitative elements linked to the decisional process of being insured were collected. The achieved coverage is equal to 29.02% of the Italian Dioceses, corresponding to 65 answers of a total of 224 contacts. In particular, the questionnaires investigate insurance presence, perception and awareness, willingness to pay and future prospects. An in-depth analysis about all the data deriving from the survey is provided, trying to compare some results and finally some considerations are presented on future research perspectives. What emerges is in some aspects surprising, because it allows to identify a significant financial culture and knowledge of the importance covered by insurance in the governance of disaster risk: for 62% of the cases analyzed, they have already underwritten this type of contract.
Modern principles of the radiation protection from sources of ionizing radiation in medicine. Part 1: Trends, structure of x-ray diagnostics and doses from medical exposure
Authors: Onischenko G. G. , Popova A. Yu. , Romanovich I. K. , Vodovatov A. V. , Bashketova N. S. , Istorik O. A. , Chipiga L. A. , Shatsky I. G. , Repin L. V. , Biblin A. M.
Published: March 2019

Implementation of modern highly informative methods of X-ray diagnostics (computed tomography, interventional examinations, nuclear medicine), associated with the increase of doses to the public and patients, requires the development and improvement of the existing system of the radiation protection from medical exposure. Despite the prevalence of the traditional imaging modalities in the structure of X-ray diagnostics in the Russian Federation (radiography and fluorography compose up to 95% out of 280 mln. X-ray examinations performed in 2017), the major contribution into the collective dose from medical exposure is due to the computed tomography (50,5%). Comparison of the structure of X-ray diagnostics in the Russian Federation with European Union indicates the absence of fluorography examinations and significantly (up to a factor of 5) higher contribution of computed tomography in European countries. An average collective dose from medical exposure in European countries is composed of 80% of computed tomography and of 10% of nuclear medicine; a mean effective dose per X-ray examination are higher up to a factor of 3 compared to Russia. The analysis of the trends of the development of the X-ray diagnostic in the Russian Federation allows predicting a further increase of the number of computer tomography, interventional and nuclear medicine examinations as well as an increase of the collective dose from medical exposure up to a factor of two in the  next decade. This will be associated with changes in the structure of the X-ray diagnostics and an increase of the mean effective doses from X-ray examinations.
Competencias mediáticas en jóvenes universitarios. Análisis de saberes para producir contenido digital en una IES mexicana
Authors: Grijalva Verdugo Abel Antonio , Lara Rivera José Alejandro
Published: March 2019

El estudio de competencias mediáticas y digitales de las ciudadanías contemporáneas, ha cobrado gran fuerza en el campo de la educación formal e informal a razón de los vertiginosos avances tecnológicos en materia de interconexión y que, diversos autores han convenido llamar era Post-Web. Así, esta investigación analiza los niveles de competencia mediática asociadas, específicamente, a los saberes de los universitarios para crear y manipular contenido digital. El caso es una universidad mexicana (UAdeO); la muestra es probabilística aleatoria simple compuesta por 346 estudiantes divididos por área de conocimiento. Se ejecutaron pruebas no paramétricas (Chi-Cuadrada) para identificar posibles diferencias estadísticas a razón del área de conocimiento de los estudiantes, los hallazgos dan cuenta de niveles de competencia mediática diferenciados intergrupos.
Competencia digital de futuros docentes para efectuar un proceso de enseñanza y aprendizaje mediante realidad virtual
Authors: López Belmonte Jesús , Pozo Sánchez Santiago , Morales Cevallos María Belén , López Meneses Eloy
Published: March 2019

La competencia digital de los futuros docentes está adquiriendo un valor añadido en la educación debido a la naturaleza tecnológica de la sociedad. El objetivo de este estudio se centra en conocer la competencia digital de discentes universitarios para la creación de contenidos mediante realidad virtual. Para su consecución, se ha seguido un diseño descriptivo y correlacional en una muestra de corte transversal de 169 estudiantes de la Facultad de Educación, Economía y Tecnología de Ceuta (España), utilizando como instrumento de recogida de datos un cuestionario. Los resultados revelan que los alumnos analizados disponen de un nivel medio de competencia digital, hallándose diferencias estadísticamente significativas entre el Grado universitario y el curso académico de los estudiantes.
Innovation and Design
Authors: Балабанов Павел , Balabanov Pavel , Зауэрвайн Лариса , Sauerwein Larisa
Published: March 2019

The present research features the relationship between the two processes in design. First, more and more areas of culture reveal their design character. Second, design activity is getting more and more innovative. This is due to the increasing attention to design in science and practice, in particular, in cultural studies. This relationship is interpreted as a separate subject of research, which has the following constituents: a) cultural conditions and factors, b) the process of implementation of technical and technological innovations in the socio-cultural fabric of society and man. Thus, there is a problem of their mutual determination, which can be investigated by such methods of analysis as idealization and modeling. Creativity is represented as one of the manifestations of culture as a whole and is expressed in the conceptual vision of design and continuity of socio-cultural design. The authors focus on the matter of socio-cultural support and effective implementation and assimilation technical and technological innovations by culture, society, and man by creating certain conditions and factors. The concept of the design configurator is used here as a model of the process represented in the problem. The paper enumerates the functional features of management objectivity, pragmatism, efficiency, creativity, heuristics, etc., which make it possible to focus on methodological approaches not only in problem solving but also to argue the importance of the design approach in the understanding of the relationship of these socio-cultural sides of human existence. The design configurator is not only a synthesis of different types of subject knowledge, but rather a starting point in the methodological work on the formation of epistemological portrait of the created artifact, i.e. technological innovations using such methodological tools as socio-cultural and design approach.
Suffering as an Ontological Property of the Human Condition
Authors: Грицков Юрий , Gritskov Yuriy
Published: March 2019

In this article, suffering is considered as 1) a phenomenon of existential reality that results from the interaction of individual consciousness with the collective unconscious; 2) a sociocultural phenomenon that influences the content and character of anthropo-, socio-, and cultural genesis. The author proceeds from the notion of suffering as an unavoidable characteristic of human existence, caused by collisions between inborn unconsciously irrational and culture-generated conceptual and rational behavior programs. Through suffering one experiences one’s relationship with the universe and with oneself as unprecedented, dysfunctional, and requiring a radical change: it turns one’s being into a problem both for the individual and for others. The author believes that cultural identity of any social community, as well as its viability and historical perspectives, are linked with the local practices of overcoming suffering. The paper covers the key points of the doctoral dissertation "The Phenomenon of Suffering and Ways of its Development in Culture" (2006).
Humanity, or Childhood Forever
Authors: Казаков Евгений , Kazakov Eugeniy
Published: March 2019

The article deals with the problem of metaphysics of childhood, which is considered in the context of the search for human identity, through the identification of its proportionality to the world. Childhood is considered not so much as a stage of growing up, but as an essential characteristic of man, integral to him throughout the existence of both ontogenesis and phylogenesis. Children feel organically in the "era of equipment", staying in the Universal House. Since Modern times, people live in the "era of homelessness." He destroys the House, considering himself an Adult, able to do without a House. Adequate Parent-Child relationships with the world are destroyed. Abandoning the Child, man did not become an Adult but faced infinity of loneliness and insignificance. Man overthrew the walls of the House, feeling a big, strong, and independent Adult. Facing the absurd immensity of helplessness, he suddenly woke up a Baby again. "Adulthood" (more precisely, "teenage revolt") was manifested only in the ability to destroy the old House; ignorance, immaturity was manifested as a lack of understanding of the need and inability to build a new Home. A person can found a new House (scientific picture of the world), but cannot live in it. The modern man is a lost Child on the ruins of a destroyed and unfinished House. The largest gap between the eternal childishness (its essence) and the illusion of its own super-adulthood (its quasi-existence) is amplified by the fact that the "historical pendulum", at present, "froze" on Childishness. The eternal (essential) and specific historical Childishness of man is opposed to the simulacrum his super-adulthood (which appears as a crisis of identification). The theme of "the return of the Prodigal Son", which is widely included in the world culture, appears to denote the way of resolving the identity crisis. An adequate the end of this path is expressed in the image of Madonna and Child. The centuries-old involvement of man in this image lies in the fact that he identifies himself with the eternal Divine Child in the native hands of the eternal Mother of God. These Divine Faces embody the metaphysical ideal of building a harmonious Child-Parent relationship between man and the world.
The Paradox Position of Nuncupative Will in Russian Law and its Perspectives
Authors: Паничкин Вячеслав , Panichkin Vyacheslav
Published: March 2019

The paper contains an overview of the contemporary opinions of Russian civil law scientists on nuncupative will. The author reveals some scientific arguments in favor of parol will despite its formal legislative prohibition in Russian law. A thorough analysis of domestic laws proves that Russian law partially recognizes nuncupative will. The first reason is that a written will compiled in extraordinary circumstances may not contain all the required details and has to be proved by witnesses in court: otherwise the court cannot validate such a will. Second, Article 5 of the Law on Burial and Funerals states that consent or disagreement to organ donation can be made orally in presence of witnesses. The same procedure can be used to state one’s last will concerning burial place and customs, cremation, and appointment of testamentary executor.