bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Bronze Vessels from Mutin Necropolis Reconsidered (on the German Warriors on the Sejm River and German-Sarmatian Contacts on the Eve of the New Era)
Authors:   German Archaeological Institute, Treister Mikhail
Published: January 2022

The author attempts to attribute bronze vessels found on the late 1st century BC burial-ground near the village of Mutin on the right bank of the Sejm river in the north-east of the Ukraine. In particular, he offers a detailed discussion on the Beaucaire situla, belonging to a rare type of Late Republican vessels, distributed mainly in the south of France and northern Italy, which in the European Barbaricum, until now, was represented only by a find from the Ehestorf-Vahrendorf cemetery on the Lower Elbe. He studies traces of repairs on the Mutin vessels. These observations make it possible to specify possible origin of the warriors cremated in Mutin, about 2,000 km east of the Lower Saxony. The find in one of the burials of a round-bottomed cauldron with a spherical body is compared with the cauldrons from the Sarmatian burials of the 1st century BC — 1st century AD in the Don region, the interfluve of Don and Volga and the Kuban region. Such cauldrons are unknown either in the Roman Empire or in Germania magna, thus, allowing to suggest that the warrior, who was cremated in the burial-ground on the Sejm river could get it as a result of contacts with the Sarmatians. Other arguments support the hypothesis that the contacts of the Germans with the Sarmatians could have taken place much earlier than previously assumed, in the last decades of the 1st century BC and that such contacts could be mostly in the military context.
A Rare Type Fibula from the Nikolskoye XVII Burial Ground on the Suda River
Authors:   Saint Petersburg State University, Mikhailova Elena
Published: January 2022

The article discusses an iron pincer fibula, originating from the excavations led by A. N. Bashenkin on the Suda river. The fibula comes from a partially destroyed burial ground with cremations Nikolskoye XVII, dating from the 2nd—3rd centuries up to 9th—10th centuries. Pincer fibulae are a rather rare variety of Roman provincial hinged brooches, most common in Northern Italy, Eastern Gaul and the Balkans. On the territory of Eastern Europe, finds of pincer fibulae are rare. According to the author, pincer fibulae could have entered the Sheksna basin from the south, from the side of the Oka basin, most likely in the 3rd century.
A Roman Denarii Hoard from the Village Khmelivka, Zhytomyr Oblast (Ukraine)
Authors:   Faculty of Archaeology, University of Warsaw, Myzgin Kyrylo , Petrauskas Andrii ,   Institute of Archaeology, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine
Published: January 2022

In spring 2020, a hoard of Roman silver coins was discovered near the village of Khmelivka in the north of the Zhytomyr Oblast (Ukraine). In the summer and autumn of the same year, archaeological research was carried out on the site, and another coin was found. The hoard consists of 63 Roman imperial denarii, issued by seven emitters: Vespasian, Trajan, Hadrian, Antoninus Pius, Marcus Aurelius, Commodus and Septimius Severus. The chronological pattern of the hoard is typical for the territory of the Chernyakhiv Culture. It is of type D, subtype D-3 according to A. Dymowski and K. Mygin’s typology, and finds analogies in other parts of Barbaricum. However, the hoard is unique in other ways: firstly, it is one of the few finds in Eastern Europe that have been examined archaeologically; secondly, it is one of the most northern finds from the Roman Period in Eastern Polesye. This region has traditionally been considered particularly important for studying cultural genesis in Eastern Europe in the first half and middle of the first millennium AD.
Two Concepts of Early Slavic Archaeology of the Dnieper Left Bank Area. The Vicissitudes of the Method
Authors:   Institute of Archaeology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Oblomskiy Andrei
Published: January 2022

The article critically examines M. V. Lyubichev’s concept of ethnocultural history of the 1st—4th centuries of the foreststeppe zone population between the Dnieper and the basin of the Seversky Donets river. The full text of this concept was published in a monograph in 2019. Particular attention is paid to the problems of origin, chronology and distinction of cultural and chronological groups of the late Zarubintsy horizon, the time of the appearance of the Chernyakhov culture population in the region, correlation of antiquities of the so-called Boromlia horizon and Kiev culture. As a result, it was concluded that the research method used by M. V. Lyubichev, which is based mainly on chronology, led to the simplification of a rather complex historical picture.
A Warrior and a Warhorse among the Aestians: the first results of a study of the “equestrian” burial of Roman times at the Romanovo-Pugachevsky Prud cemetery
Authors:   Institute of Archaeology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Mastykova Anna , Dobrovolskaya Maria ,   Institute of Archaeology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Antipina Ekaterina ,   Institute of Archaeology of the Russian Academy of Sciences
Published: January 2022

Burials with horses are known among the Western Balts of the Roman period. It is believed that in this era, horses in the graves accompanied the dead soldiers and were of a symbolic character, they emphasized the high social status of the buried. The conclusions were made exclusively on the basis of archaeological material. These conclusions of archaeologists are quite legitimate, indeed, the presence of weapons in the graves, including “professional”, equestrian equipment and rather expensive metal elements of horse equipment indicates that these burials belong to soldiers of a certain status. It seems appropriate to verify these conclusions with the help of anthropology and archaeozoology. Such an attempt on the example of burial 3.2017 of the Romanovo-Pugachevsky Prud cemetery is undertaken in this work. The burial belonged to a man about 30 years old and a teenager, whose gender has not been established. The radiocarbon date of the burial corresponds to the first half — middle of the 2nd century. The objects found characterize the man as a warrior. The teenager buried with him may have occupied a dependent, subordinate position in relation to this warrior. The results of studying the bone remains of a horse from this burial complex allow us to attribute them to the skeleton of a war horse of 6—8 years old. The presented multidisciplinary data can serve as a good illustration of the hypothesis that the Western Baltic burials of the Roman period could belong to the warriors-horsemen and their war horses.
Dual Fine-Grained Public-Key Searchable Encryption from Lattices
Authors: Jiang Zike , Chen Shixin
Published: January 2022

Fine-grained public key encryption with keyword search (PEKS), allowing users to search on encrypted data with flexible access control policy, has been widely studied recently due to its promising application to real-world scenarios such as cloud computing. However, most of the existing fine-grained PEKS schemes are either only able to support single access control (e.g., attribute-based access control) or susceptible to being attacked or compromised by quantum computers in or after a short time. In this paper, we propose a fine-grained PEKS scheme that o ers dual access control based on lattice. In particular, we first define a dual fine-grained PEKS primitive against chosen keyword attacks under selective security. Subsequently, we adapt the key homomorphic technique and noise rerandomization technique to design a concrete scheme. Particularly, the keyword space in our construction is unlimited. Then, we present a formal security proof against chosen keyword attacks on the learning with errors (LWE) problem in the standard model. Moreover, we demonstrate the theoretical performance and experimental result of our proposed scheme. Finally, we discuss that our scheme can be easily extended to support conjunctive keywords and delegation without incurring complex operations.
An Appraisal Analysis of the English Versions of “Qiang Jin Jiu”
Authors: Chen Muxuan
Published: January 2022

Appraisal meanings, as a crucial feature of classical Chinese poetry, are often conveyed implicitly. Such resources can be misinterpreted due to translators’ subjectivity, and thus mistranslation occurred, which deserves greater attention. “Qiang Jin Jiu”, a classical Chinese poem written by Li Bai, covers rich appraisal resources reflected in multiple images and themes. This study attempts to apply the attitude and engagement systems of the Appraisal Framework developed by Martin and White to analyze the classical Chinese poem “Qiang Jin Jiu” and its three English versions. It aims to investigate the reasons for their appraisal differences and explore their translation quality, hoping to further enrich studies on the translation of classical Chinese poetry.
New Approach to Obtain the Maximum Flow in a Network and Optimal Solution for the Transportation Problems
Authors: Ekanayake E. M. U. S. B. , Daundasekara W. B. , Perera S. P. C.
Published: January 2022

The maximum flow problem is also one of the highly regarded problems in the field of optimization theory in which the objective is to find a feasible flow through a flow network that obtains the maximum possible flow rate from source to sink. The literature demonstrates that different techniques have been developed in the past to handle the maximum amount of flow that the network can handle. The Ford-Fulkerson algorithm and Dinic's Algorithm are the two major algorithms for solving these types of problems. Also, the Max-Flow Min-Cut Theorem, the Scaling Algorithm, and the Push–relabel maximum flow algorithm are the most acceptable methods for finding the maximum flows in a flow network. In this novel approach, the paper develops an alternative method of finding the maximum flow between the source and target nodes of a network based on the "max-flow." Also, a new algorithmic approach to solving the transportation problem (minimizing the transportation cost) is based upon the new maximum flow algorithm. It is also to be noticed that this method requires a minimum number of iterations to achieve optimality. This study's algorithmic approach is less complicated than the well-known meta-heuristic algorithms in the literature. 
Realistic and critical review of the state of systemic antimicrobial peptides
Authors: Wang Guangshun , Mechesso Abraham Fikru
Published: January 2022

Antimicrobial peptide research remains active not only because of the growing antibiotic resistance problem but also our desire to understand the role of innate immune peptides in host defense. While numerous peptides are currently under active development for topical use, this article highlights peptides with systemic efficacy. The scaffolds of these peptides range from linear to cyclic forms. The neutropenic mouse model is well established to illustrate antimicrobial efficacy from direct killing. The majority of tests, however, are conducted using normal mice so that both direct antimicrobial and immune regulatory effects can be characterized. These systemic examples underscore the possibility of adding new candidates to the list of the existing peptide antibiotics to more effectively combat antibiotic-resistant bacteria, fungi, and parasites.
Sunni-centrisme, shia-islamisme og sekterisme
Authors: Valbjørn Morten , Gunning Jeroen
Published: January 2022

Studiet af mellemøstlig islamisme ti år efter de arabiske revolter.
Journalisme, den moderne orientalists levevej
Authors: Hedemann Søltoft Mette
Published: January 2022

Der hersker i alt Fald her til Lands en nær Forbindelse mellem orientalske Studier og verdenspolitiskeInteresser.
The purpose of science education
Authors: Knekta Eva , Almarlind Pia , Ottander Christina
Published: January 2022

This study used a quantitative deductive approach based on Biesta’s functions of education and Roberts’ curriculum emphases to analyse the purposes that are stressed in the Swedish science syllabuses in lower and upper secondary school. The study shows that the syllabuses advocate multiple purposes both with respect to functions of education and curriculum emphases. Most sentences stressed the function of qualification, indicating that the overall purpose of science education is to provide students with knowledge and skills, while transmitting certain norms or creating independent critical thinking skills is less prioritised. The extent to which the different curriculum emphases were stressed differed both between different science syllabuses and between different parts of the syllabuses. Possible consequences of these differences are discussed in relation to teachers’ design of teaching and students’ possibilities to develop knowledge and skills necessary for active participation in science-related issues as citizens.
Comparison and analysis on sheep meat quality and flavor under pasture-based fattening contrast to intensive pasture-based feeding system
Authors: Zhang Zhichao , Wang Xiaoqi , Jin Yan , Zhao Kai , Duan Ziyuan
Published: January 2022

Objective: The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of 4-month intensive feeding on the meat quality, fatty acid profile, flavor, and growth performance of grazing Hulunbuir sheep (HBS).Methods: The HBS were selected 4-months after birth in a pasture rearing system as the experimental animals (n = 44, female, average body weight 23.8±2.2 kg) then divided equally into pasture-based grazing fattening (PAS) and concentrate-included intensive fattening (CON) groups for another 4-month finishing. When finished fattening, all animals were slaughtered to collect musculus longissimus dorsi subcutaneous adipose tissue and to investigate the influences on meat quality, fatty acid profile, flavor and growth performance.Results: The results showed lambs in CON group got significantly higher live weight, hot carcass weight, and dressing percentage. The CON group had significantly higher value of redness (a*), lightness (L*) and water holding capacity (p<0.05), significantly lower value of Warner-Bratzler shear force than the PAS group (p<0.05). The subcutaneous fat from CON group lambs demonstrated a significantly higher content of C18:1 and C18:2 (p<0.05), but lower C14:0 and C16:0, indicating an increased degree of unsaturated fatty acid. The content of 4-methyloctanoic acid, 4-ethyloctanoic acid and 4-methylnonanoic acid had increased 2 to 4 times, representing a more intense odor in the CON group. However, the values were still lower than most sheep breeds reported, indicating the indoor feeding system could not fundamentally deteriorate the excellent meat characteristic of HBS.Conclusion: It was evident that lambs in CON group exhibited a better meat production performance, improved in meat color, texture and healthier fatty acid profile through pastureweaned concentrate included intensive fattening system, which offers a good alternative regimen for lamb finishing and has a wide prospection in the HBS meat industry.
Screening and functional validation of lipid metabolism-related lncRNA-46546 based on the transcriptome analysis of early embryonic muscle tissue in chicken
Authors: Chen Ruonan , Liao Kai , Liao Herong , Zhang Li , Zhao Haixuan , Sun Jie
Published: January 2022

Objective: The study was conducted to screen differentially expressed long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) in chickens by high-throughput sequencing and explore its mechanism of action on intramuscular fat deposition.Methods: Herein, Rose crown and Cbb broiler chicken embryo breast and leg muscle lncRNA and mRNA expression profiles were constructed by RNA sequencing. A total of 96 and 42 differentially expressed lncRNAs were obtained in Rose crown vs Cobb broiler chicken breast and leg muscle, respectively. lncRNA-ENSGALT00000046546, with high interspecific variability and a potential regulatory role in lipid metabolism, and its predicted downstream target gene 1-acylglycerol-3-phosphate-O-acyltransferase 2 (AGPAT2), were selected for further study on the preadipocytes.Results: lncRNA-46546 overexpression in chicken preadipocyte 2 cells significantly increased (p<0.01) the expression levels of AGPAT2 and its downstream genes diacylglycerol acyltransferase 1 and diacylglycerol acyltransferase 2 and those of the fat metabolism-related genes peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ, CCAAT/enhancer binding protein α, fatty acid synthase, sterol regulatory element-binding transcription factor 1, and fatty acid binding protein 4. The lipid droplet concentration was higher in the overexpression group than in the control cells, and the triglyceride content in cells and medium was also significantly increased (p<0.01).Conclusion: This study preliminarily concludes that lncRNA-46546 may promote intramuscular fat deposition in chickens, laying a foundation for the study of lncRNAs in chicken early embryonic development and fat deposition.
Integrated analysis of transcriptome and milk metagenome in subclinical mastitic and healthy cows
Authors: Zhang Jinning , Liu Xueqin , Usman Tahir , Tang Yongjie , Mi Siyuan , Li Wenlong , Yang Mengyou , Yu Ying
Published: January 2022

Objective: Abnormally increased somatic cell counts (SCCs) in milk is usually a sign of bovine subclinical mastitis. Mutual interaction between the host and its associated microbiota plays an important role in developing such diseases. The main objective of this study was to explore the difference between cows with elevated SCCs and healthy cattle from the perspective of host-microbe interplay.Methods: A total of 31 milk samples and 23 bovine peripheral blood samples were collected from Holstein dairy cattle to conduct an integrated analysis of transcriptomic and metagenomics.Results: The results showed that Ralstonia and Sphingomonas were enriched in cows with subclinical mastitis. The relative abundance of the two bacteria was positively correlated with the expression level of bovine transcobalamin 1 and uridine phosphorylase 1 encoding gene. Moreover, functional analysis revealed a distinct alternation in some important microbial biological processes.Conclusion: These results reveal the relative abundance of Ralstonia and Sphingomonas other than common mastitis-causing pathogens varied from healthy cows to those with subclinical mastitis and might be associated with elevated SCCs. Potential association was observed between bovine milk microbiota composition and the transcriptional pattern of some genes, thus providing new insights to understand homeostasis of bovine udder.
Shape Memory Alloy (SMA)-Based Exoskeletons for Upper Limb Rehabilitation
Authors: Copaci Dorin , Arias Janeth , Moreno Luis , Blanco Dolores
Published: January 2022

This contribution presents the advances in the use of flexible Shape Memory Alloy (SMA)-based actuators for the development of upper limb rehabilitation exoskeletons that have been carried out by our research group. The actuator features developed by our research group maintain the SMA wire characteristics (low-weight, low-cost, noiseless operation, compact, and simplicity) and additionally presents the flexibility and its increase the work frequency. These characteristics make that its integration in rehabilitation exoskeletons provides the user more comfort, easy to use, and freedom of movement. The chapter describes some different rigid and soft rehabilitation exoskeletons for different joints such as the elbow, wrist, and hand in which this type of actuator has been successfully integrated. This gives the possibilities to expand the research line with the actuated soft exosuits systems, in a future development perspective.
Recent Progress in District Heating with Emphasis on Low-Temperature Systems
Authors: Khosravy Mostafa
Published: January 2022

District heating plays an important role in future sustainable energy system by integrating any available heat source, including waste heat and renewable heat sources such as geothermal or solar heat. The low-temperature district heating system is the latest generation of district heating. It was introduced less than ten years ago in adaption to the need for lower heat demand of energy-efficient buildings. The low-temperature district heating system provides an infrastructure for a higher share of renewable energy sources while reduces heat loss in pipes. Several small-scale projects were commissioned since the introduction of the technology, and many existing district heating systems are in the process of adaptation. The recent progress of low-temperature district heating systems has been discussed here. First, the fundamental knowledge that is required to understand the main advantages of a low-temperature district heating system was explained briefly. Then the most recent and important projects were discussed with emphasis on solar and geothermal district heating systems. The results of case studies show that the low-temperature solution has the lowest capital costs and has a unique position to be the primary source for building heating demand.
New records of Pisidium tenuilineatum Stelfox, 1918 (Bivalvia, Sphaeriidae) from Slovakia
Authors: Beran Luboš , Čejka Tomáš
Published: January 2022

So far, Pisidium tenuilineatum has been reported from Slovakia only from four sites. Six new sites of this pea mussel have been found during the last twenty years in Slovakia in both small karstic watercourses (e.g. rivulets, brooks and small rivers) and large lowland rivers. These new records show that P. tenuilineatum should be still considered as a rare species in Slovakia but some new populations are still likely to be discovered especially in lower elevations and in the areas of low anthropogenic influence.
Vodní měkkýši Oslavy [Aquatic molluscs of the Oslava River]
Authors: Beran Luboš
Published: January 2022

This paper presents results of a malacological survey of the Oslava River, a tributary of the Jihlava River (Czech Republic, Southeastern Moravia). Sixteen species of aquatic molluscs (8 gastropods, 8 bivalves) were found at 14 sites during the research conducted from 2010 to 2018. The research was focused on the endangered bivalve Unio crassus. Its population was confirmed at the lower river section and is connected with the population in the Jihlava River.
Accounting policies in corporate governance practice and their impact on the financial position and business performance of company
Authors: Raičević Jelena , Filipov Jelena
Published: January 2022

The primary role of financial statements is to provide information to users, both internal and external, to make business decisions. The preparation of financial statements includes a number of methods and procedures that have different effects on the values ​​reported in the financial statements. The domain of accounting policies is precisely those methods and procedures, in fact rules related to the recognition and valuation of balance sheet items, as well as the preparation of financial statements. The choice of accounting policies achieves objectives that are mainly oriented towards the financial result and financial position of the reporting entity. The responsibility for the choice of accounting policies belongs to the management of the company. Their adequate choice by the management leads to a realistic view of the financial and profitable position of the company, as well as business success. The impact of applied accounting policies on the performance of companies is shown in a study conducted in companies in the Republic of Serbia, which showed differences in individual balance sheet items in groups of companies depending on the applied accounting policy.
Analysis of trade efficiency in Serbia based on the MABAC method
Authors: Lukić Radojko
Published: January 2022

In recent times, as it is well known, various methods of multi-criteria analysis are increasingly used in order to evaluate the efficiency of companies more accurately. One of them is the MABAC method. With this in mind, this paper analyzes trade efficiency in Serbia on the basis of this method. Trade in Serbia was the most efficient in the observed period (2013-2020) in 2020. The general conclusion is that recently, under the positive influence of numerous macro and micro factors, trade efficiency in Serbia has increased. The impact of Covid-19 on trade efficiency in Serbia is negligible. It has been largely compensated by increased electronic sales.
The application of geographic information systems in destination marketing
Authors: Popović Milica , Milićević Snežana
Published: January 2022

Contemporary business trends influence tourism destinations to use advantages that modern information technology provides. Geographic information systems (GIS) could be used for those purposes, especially in area of marketing management. In this regard, the subject of this paper is to determine if GIS application in destination marketing has positive impact for tourism offer and demand. The paper is based on secondary data, gathered from academic publications from different scientific fields: tourism and hospitality, marketing and ICT. Research results confirmed the primary hypothesis, which indicated that GIS application could be beneficial for both tourism offer and demand. The significance of the research results is reflected as a contribution to theoretical framework of GIS in the tourism, as well as in making a foundation for implementation of those systems in practical marketing activities on the level of the tourism destination.
The process of globalization: Good and bad sides
Authors: Micić Ivana , Krstić-Ranđić Jelena
Published: January 2022

The purpose of the paper is to point out the factual state of the globalization process, the positive and negative aspects of this process, which relate to the aspirations of world powers to shape the world in technological, economic, informational, political and cultural terms. Globalization encourages the spread of integration, market openness, capital transfer, but at the same time the emergence of spiritual and material superficialities and gaps. Therefore, many point out the downsides of this process. On the other hand, globalization has a multiple impact on the economy of all countries, and it concerns foreign direct investment and the movement of people and capital from country to country. As production at the global level is rationalized and new technologies spread, countries can increase production, and thus the level of wages and living standards, and due to the unification of various regulations between countries, trade becomes easier and more useful for all participating countries. For this and similar reasons, some authors point out the advantages of globalization over disadvantages. The aim of the paper is to point out that the advantages should not be denied, but the greater presence of disadvantages should be noticed.
Water soluble biomolecules from Nepeta nuda regulate microbial growth: A case study of apple juice preservation
Authors: Gašić Uroš , Stojković Dejan , Ivanov Marija , Miletić Milica , Mišić Danijela , Veljić Milan , Soković Marina
Published: January 2022

The following study was designed to explore antimicrobial properties of the by-product obtained in a hydro-distillation process of essential oil from Nepeta nuda L. We strived to develop a novel drink with antimicrobial self-preserving properties based on two components, N. nuda decoct and apple juice. By using 96-well plate microdilution assay it was shown that the N. nuda decoct has antimicrobial potential towards 8 bacterial and 6 fungal species, with the range of minimal inhibitory concentrations 10-300 mg/mL. By using actual food system, such as apple juice, in combination with and without short thermal treatment, we have shown that the decoct of N. nuda can inhibit the growth of food contaminant fungus Penicillium aurantiogriseum. It was determined that 3 volumes of decoct (500 mg/mL) and 22 volumes of apple juice should be mixed in order to obtain self-preserving drink resistant to P. aurantiogriseum contamination. Likewise, when thermal treatment (80 °C for 10 s) is included, self-preserving mixture of decoct and apple juice should be made in volume ratios 3:47, respectively. The designed product maintained the pleasant taste as determined by panelists during the sensorial evaluation. Chemical investigations (UHPLC-Orbitrap MS analysis) of N. nuda decoct showed that the most abundant compound was 1,5,9-epideoxyloganic acid (0.410 mg/g of dried decoct). Since N. nuda is traditionally used as a tea, we presented the novel formulation of the drink with antimicrobial properties based on the its decoct and apple juice.
Hawthorn (Crataegus spp.) from botanical source to phytopreparations
Authors: Đorđević Sofija , Ćujić-Nikolić Nada
Published: January 2022

The usage of hawthorn preparations has a long history in the traditional treatment of heart failure, which is considered as the inability of a weakened heart to supply peripheral tissues with the required amount of oxygen and nutrients. The leaf, flower, and fruit of the hawthorn, due to the presence of bioactive compounds such as flavonoids, procyanidins, organic acids, amines, etc., are showing a wide range of the effects on the cardiovascular system. The leaf and flower have a positive monograph in Commission E, as well as the EMA monograph, but only for traditional use. Numerous clinical studies have been conducted to evaluate the beneficial effects of dry hawthorn extracts on heart diseases. There are a large number of phytopreparations in various galenic forms on the market trade. According to the recent guidelines, usage of hawthorn preparations as a monotherapy in heart failure is not recommended. Instead, it should be used as an adjunct therapy.
Comprehensive combined chemical and pharmacognostic approach in the investigation of Montenegrin flora, with emphasis on endemic species: Past performance and future potential
Authors: Menković Nebojša , Tadić Vanja
Published: January 2022

Herein, we have reviewed the comparative analysis relating pharmacognostic and chemical approaches in the investigation of the chosen plants from Montenegrin flora known for the constituents recognized as carriers of different biological activities. In addition, some of the mentioned extensively studied plants were with uncertain status in the systematics, as not being recognized as new species. The results of pharmacognostic studies with the thorough chemical analyses addressing the problem in positioning some of the investigated plants from Swertia, Gentiana and Gentianella genera belonging to family Gentianaceae in systematics, performed within the collaboration of two research groups from Institute for Medicinal Plants Research "Dr. Josif Pančić" and Faculty of Chemistry, the University of Belgrade under the leadership of Dr. Nebojša Menković and Prof. Dr. Slobodan Milosavljević were summarized. In addition, the complete chemical structure elucidation of sesquiterpene lactones present in Anthemis sp. as potential anti-inflammatory agents, applying the sophisticated 2D NMR techniques was reviewed. Further, the parthenolide content determination in Tanacetum larvatum revealed the possibility of the successful application of 1 H NMR techniques in quantification studies. The findings presented in the published literature stressed the importance of a combined chemical and pharmacognostic approach in the investigation of natural products originating from plants.
Prahu oca Srpske agronomije i utemeljivaču selekcije i semenarstva
Authors: Mirić Mladen
Published: January 2022

Đorđe Radić (1839-1922) je poznat kao prvi srpski doktor agronomskih nauka, mada on nije samo u tome čelni agronom Srbije, pa je to uzeto za opštu temu članka, sa posebnim osvrtom na oplemenjivanje i semenarstvo kulturnih biljaka. Radić je bio utemeljivač srpske agronauke, osnivač prvih poljoprivrednih škola, pisac kompleksne knjiške i časopisne literature, u koje je uveo crtež i kolor. Autor je prvih monografija o gajenju najvažnijih kulturnih biljaka i živine, suosnivač i čelnik srpskog Društva za poljsku privredu (DPP), njegov sekretar i urednik glasila, zatim prvi agro-prosvetitelj i agroistoričar, prvi citiran u svetskoj literaturi. Bio je član više od 60 društava, prvi je odnegovao sorte biljaka i meleze ovaca, jedan od prvih genetičara, oplemenjivača i semenara u svetu, a prvi u Srba. Prvi je među agronomima postao član Srpskog učenog društva i počasni član Srpske kraljevske akademije. Kralj Milan ga je 1889. godine odlikovao ordenom Sv. Save. Jednom rečju, Đorđe Radić je bio prvi, jedini i najzaslužniji za više od 50 prvina u srpskoj agronomiji, po čemu je jedinstven. Kada bi postojala vaga koja meri veličinu naučnika, onda bi on svakako ušao u vrh plejade najvećih ili najobrazovanijih, najkorisnijih, najproduktivnijih, najumnijih i najsvestranijih srpskih agronoma svih vremena. Članak obelodanjuje i ogrešenja o dr Radića.
Validity, reliability and factor analysis of the Serbian version of Kogan's attitude towards old people scale
Authors: Adamović Milosav , Bar Zoran , Todorović Vojislav
Published: January 2022

Introduction. As the number of older persons continues to increase, there is a need to validate a reliable instrument to examine attitudes towards this population in Serbia. This research aimed to examine the validity and reliability and to determine the factor structure, that is, to adapt the Serbian version of the Kogan's Attitude towards the Old People scale. Method. The research was conducted on a planned sample of 321 respondents, students of social science and humanities, mostly gathered in the territory of Belgrade and Novi Sad. Results. Achievements at the level of the whole scale ranged from 67 to 121 (M = 100, SD = 7.83).The obtained Content Validity Index (CVI = 0.90) indicated a high level of validity in this assessment domain. The Cronbach's Alpha Coefficient of reliability for items given in a positive connotation was a = 0.77, while slightly higher value was obtained for the items given in a negative connotation (a = 0.83). At the level of the entire instrument, after recoding the inversely defined items, the value a = 0.88 was calculated, indicating a high level of reliability of the scale used. Except for item 13, statistically significant correlation (p<0.000) between the whole scale and individual attitudes about the elderly was found in all 33 items. The factor analysis identified five latent dimensions with the eigenvalue of 1 or more (KMO = 0.798), explaining 34.58% of total variance: Social desirability (a = 0.69), Hygiene (a = 0.73), Criticism (a = 0.60). Equality (a = 0.59) and Communication (a = 0.73). Conclusion. The Serbian version of the Kogan's Scale can be considered as a valid and reliable instrument in the study of attitudes toward the elderly.
The hidden foundation of polis in Hobbes's theory of liberalism
Authors: Koljević-Grifit Bogdana , Grifit Džejms
Published: January 2022

In the article the author reflects upon the issue of the basis of Hobbes's theory of liberalism i.e. examines the way how a par excellence theory of Modernity shifts from being a political ontology into apolitical haunt logy proper. In this light, the first part of the paper - beginning from Hobbes's concept of politics as a technique - the concepts of appearance, representation, theatre and imagination are reflected as the foundations of sovereignty. Considering the conditions of possibility for a despotic techno, the second part of the paper puts an emphasis on the structural relation between polis and oikos, and on the unclear, hidden element of oikos, i.e. the figure of the mother and the matter of authorization. The specificity of the mother's role in the Commonwealth - as well as before the establishment of the state and the sphere of the political - is first and foremost contained within the dialectics of her permanent absence and the fact that the figure of the mother represents the very principle of beginning of life and of its sustainability. In conclusion, there is an outline of the potentialities of different thinking of sovereignty and politics of freedom.
The death instinct and spiritual culture
Authors: Govedarica Milanko
Published: January 2022

This paper primarily elucidates various connotations of Freud's idea of the death instinct: striving to restore the inorganic condition, repetition compulsion, (self-) destructive behaviour and morality rigour. It further presents Scheler's critique of psychoanalysis and, in this context, it also explains the purpose of his definition of human's essence as an ascetic being and a bearer of spirituality. It notes certain similarities between Freud and Scheler, but it also expresses the position that it is not justifiable to reduce spiritual culture merely to psychoanalytical dynamics of the death instinct, it is not justifiable either to reduce it to a combination of self-destruction and erotic instincts. Theoretical and practical advantages of the presented position of this German philosopher are illustrated by an example of Frankl's logotherapy, by which it was influenced. Finally, it sheds light on the crucial point of Scheler's sociology of knowledge.
Understanding the public and common good in the contemporary environmental policy
Authors: Nadić Darko
Published: January 2022

In this paper, the idea of the public and common good is analyzed from the standpoint of the environmental policy as a sort of public policy. The analysis and considerations start from the postulate that public goods in the academic public are most commonly observed as natural resources and that their function is to be used for economic and particularly industrial development. What needs redefining, and what should be changed by the environmental policy, is taking the status of the public good to a higher status, having in mind its general characteristic - irreversibility. That dimension of the future to be possessed by the public good is the basis for the survival of the modern society. The work illustrates the distinction of the idea of the public and common good in practice using the example of the Republic of Serbia in the case of the environmental-political problem caused by the construction of a mini-hydropower plant, i.e. the administrative management of the public and common good.
DOES FOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENT LEAD TO ECONOMIC GROWTH? EVIDENCE FROM DEVELOPED COUNTRIES, DEVELOPING COUNTRIES, AND LEAST DEVELOPED COUNTRIES
Authors: Marjanac Dražen , Grujić Miloš
Published: January 2022

This paper investigates the impact of foreign direct investment on economic growth, on a sample of three groups of countries, classified according to the criterion of economic development. The research problem that seeks to be solved is defined by the question: Do foreign direct investment affect the economic growth of targeted countries and in what way? The objectives of the research are to explain the mechanism of functioning of foreign direct investment and the implications for macroeconomic growth parameters, ceteris paribus. The results of the research show the existence of correlation and determination of the dependent variable with the variations of the independent variable. In this way, the main hypothesis of the paper was confirmed, that foreign direct investment has a stimulating effect on economic growth and the effect of investment is a priori determined by the defined economic policy and the appropriate institutional and legislative framework of the countries, ceteris paribus. The methods used in this paper are regression analysis, i.e. simple linear regression, and analysis and synthesis of previous research and theoretical findings, in order to draw conclusions by induction. The analysis of the data confirms that foreign direct investments have an impact on the economic growth of each group of countries individually, but that in certain groups this connection is present. Thus, the results of the research showed the existence of a relation between FDI and economic growth, i.e. they emphasized FDI as a significant predictor of economic growth in the targeted groups of countries ceteris paribus. The paper represents the author's contribution to economic theory and practice, and to the general public, but also to decision-makers in developing countries. Further research should be directed towards whether it is possible to influence the increase of GDP by "copying" a certain country in terms of attracting foreigners.
Correlation of rights and interests of the circumpolar and other states in the use of the Arctic region
Authors: Shinkaretskaya Galina Georgievna , Rednikova Tatiana Vladimirovna
Published: January 2022

The severe natural conditions of the Arctic have impeded the economic development of the region for centuries. The norm for the recognition of special rights of circumpolar states to establish their own legal order in the region was established as a result of international custom. The application the generally accepted United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea allowed the Arctic countries to establish the own zones of jurisdiction, which enables the extraction of natural living and mineral resources. Such jurisdiction was also extended to shipping routes that require constant maintenance and significant investments; thus the shipping routes are close to acquiring the status of canals. However, the climate warming and ice melt have turned the Arctic from the isolated region with limited geopolitical and geoeconomic significance to the next frontier of opportunities for the world’s countries. There is currently no single all-encompassing treaty on the use of the Arctic. The legal order consists of the regional and subregional agreements, national legislation, and soft law. The circumpolar states actively and extensively used the provisions of the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (1982) for establishing the limits and legal regime of the zones of own jurisdiction in the Arctic Ocean. In May 2008, five Arctic coastal states signed the so-called Ilulissat Declaration, acclaiming the current trends in the development of legal order in the Arctic. For ensuring the political, economic interests of the Arctic states in the region, as well as global security and protection of regional environmental sensitive to detrimental effects, it is necessary to develop a uniform position of the coastal states on the entirety of regional problems in view of the growing activity of the non-Artic states that declare their national interests in the Arctic region.
Wissenstransfer in Online-Diskursen am Beispiel des multimodalen Textes Demotivator
Authors: Siewert-Kowalkowska Katarzyna
Published: January 2022

Im Fokus des vorliegenden Beitrags stehen Demotivatoren als multimodale Texte. Am Beispiel ausgewählter polnischer Demotivatoren, die Fragmente des Online-Diskurses um den Al-Kaida- Anführer Osama Bin Laden bilden, wird der Versuch unternommen, das darin vermittelte Wissen bzw. Unwissen im Hinblick auf seine biografischen Daten zu rekonstruieren. Da Faktizitätsherstellung für die Wissenskonstituierung im Wissenstransfer eine Rolle spielt, wird auch der Frage nachgegangen, welche Mittel zu ihrer Herstellung eingesetzt werden.
Emergence of behaviour in a self-organized living matter network
Authors: Fleig Philipp , Kramar Mirna , Wilczek Michael , Alim Karen
Published: January 2022

What is the origin of behaviour? Although typically associated with a nervous system, simple organisms also show complex behaviours. Among them, the slime mold Physarum polycephalum, a giant single cell, is ideally suited to study emergence of behaviour. Here, we show how locomotion and morphological adaptation behaviour emerge from self-organized patterns of rhythmic contractions of the actomyosin lining of the tubes making up the network-shaped organism. We quantify the spatio-temporal contraction dynamics by decomposing experimentally recorded contraction patterns into spatial contraction modes. Notably, we find a continuous spectrum of modes, as opposed to a few dominant modes. Our data suggests that the continuous spectrum of modes allows for dynamic transitions between a plethora of specific behaviours with transitions marked by highly irregular contraction states. By mapping specific behaviours to states of active contractions, we provide the basis to understand behaviour’s complexity as a function of biomechanical dynamics.
The effect of classroom lectures and a movie recommendation on pharmacy students' attitudes and social distancing toward people with schizophrenia
Authors: Aluh Deborah Oyine , Amorha Kosisochi Chinwendu , Anthony-Awi Temitayo Adeola
Published: January 2022

Introduction

Stigma and negative attitudes toward people with mental health disorders can impair the provision of pharmaceutical care. The purpose of the study was to assess the effect of classroom lectures on mental health disorders and a movie recommendation on pharmacy students' attitudes and stigma toward persons with schizophrenia (PwS).

Methods

The study consisted of a presurvey and postsurvey carried out among final-year pharmacy students of the University of Nigeria Nsukka. A survey comprising 3 sections on sociodemographic details, attitudes toward PwS, and a social distance scale was given to conveniently sampled students before and after lectures on schizophrenia. Students were encouraged to watch a movie about the experiences of a PwS after the first lecture.

Results

One hundred seventy-nine students (of the 200 sampled, response rate 91.1%) agreed to participate and completed the survey instrument before the clinical lecture, whereas 108 students who took part in the presurvey participated in the postsurvey (response rate of 76.0%). The overall mean negative attitude score reduced from 2.79 ± 0.412 to 2.72 ± 0.357. The overall mean social distance score increased from 2.48 ± 0.415 to 2.49 ± 0.467, indicating increased stigma. In both presurveys and postsurveys, people with a friend or relative with schizophrenia had a lower mean negative attitude score compared with those who did not. People who had watched the movie recommendation (n = 85) had a higher mean negative attitude (2.74 vs 2.67, P = .433) and a lower social distance toward PwS (2.57 vs 2.48, P = .415).

Discussion

Classroom lectures on mental health among pharmacy students might not significantly improve the overall attitudes and social distance toward PwS. Schools of pharmacy should consider alternative formats of teaching mental health–related topics, such as contact with real patients and simulation.
Istradefylline: A novel agent in the treatment of “off” episodes associated with levodopa/carbidopa use in Parkinson disease
Authors: Cummins Lauren , Cates Marshall E.
Published: January 2022

The current gold standard for treatment of Parkinson disease (PD) is levodopa/carbidopa (L/C), but long-term treatment frequently results in motor complications, such as wearing-off and motor fluctuations (eg, dyskinesia, “on-off” phenomenon). Istradefylline is a new drug with a unique pharmacologic profile that was approved by the FDA for use as adjunctive treatment to L/C in adult patients with PD experiencing “off” episodes. The drug was shown to reduce “off” time in 4 randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled studies. The most common adverse effects are dyskinesia, dizziness, constipation, nausea, hallucinations, and insomnia. Unlike many drugs that treat PD, istradefylline is a nondopaminergic drug that exerts its effects via adenosine A2A receptor antagonism. The major drug interactions involve inhibitors or inducers of CYP3A4 as well as tobacco smoking via induction of CYP1A1. Istradefylline is taken once daily as a 20- or 40-mg dose, except in cases involving drug interactions or hepatic impairment. The cost of the drug is relatively expensive, which has implications for Medicare and private insurance coverage. Istradefylline is an alternative option to dopaminergic drugs such as dopamine agonists, monoamine oxidase B inhibitors, and catechol-O-methyltransferase inhibitors as an adjunct to L/C in patients with motor fluctuations, but clinical use will further define its role in treatment of PD.