bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Phylogenetic diversity of cacao (Theobroma cacao L.) genotypes in Colombia
Authors: González-Orozco Carlos E. , Osorio-Guarín Jaime A. , Yockteng Roxana
Published: February 2023

Theobroma cacao L. (cacao) is an important tropical crop used to produce chocolate. Evolutionary relationships between cultivated and wild cacao genotypes and their genetic diversity are poorly understood. Exploring phylogenetic diversity and spatial patterns of both cultivated and crop wild relatives can improve the knowledge of the evolutionary history of a crop, giving insights into its cultivation, breeding programmes and conservation. This study identifies biodiversity priority areas in Colombia by calculating phylogenetic diversity indices using a set of 87 single nucleotide polymorphism markers. These were sourced from 279 genotypes conserved in the Corporación Colombiana de Investigación Agropecuaria (Agrosavia) germplasm collection. The Caribbean and North Andes areas exhibited the highest phylogenetic diversity and significantly high relative phylogenetic diversity. We propose that those regions where wild cacao occurs should be prioritized as conservation areas. Besides, cacao lineages that have recently diverged and are present in Arauca, Huila and Nariño areas, with significantly low relative phylogenetic diversity, should be prioritized for breeding programmes. The Amazonia genotypes were closer to the root of the phylogenetic tree, suggesting an older origin than those found in the Andes region. Our study highlights the importance of using T. cacao germplasm from the Amazonia region as a priority to recover relict diversity in breeding programmes and broaden the gene pool of modern cultivated cacao.
Are Ocean Reanalyses Useful for Earth Rotation Research?
Authors: Börger L. , Schindelegger M. , Dobslaw H. , Salstein D.
Published: February 2023

Oceanic circulation and mass‐field variability play important roles in exciting Earth's wobbles and length‐of‐day changes (ΔΛ), on time scales from days to several years. Modern descriptions of these effects employ oceanic angular momentum (OAM) series from numerical forward models or ocean state estimates, but nothing is known about how ocean reanalyses with sequential data assimilation (DA) would fare in that context. Here, we compute daily OAM series from three 1/4° global ocean reanalyses that are based on the same hydrodynamic core and input data (e.g., altimetry, Argo) but different DA schemes. Comparisons are carried out (a) among the reanalyses, (b) with an established ocean state estimate, and (c) with Earth rotation data, all focusing on the period 2006–2015. The reanalyses generally provide credible OAM estimates across a range of frequencies, although differences in amplitude spectra indicate a sensitivity to the adopted DA scheme. For periods less than 120 days, the reanalysis‐based OAM series explain ∼40%–50% and ∼30%–40% of the atmosphere‐corrected equatorial and axial geodetic excitation, similar to what is achieved with the state estimate. We find mixed performance of the reanalyses in seasonal excitation budgets, with some questionable mean ocean mass changes affecting the annual cycle in ΔΛ. Modeled excitations at interannual frequencies are more uncertain compared to OAM series from the state estimate and show hints of DA artifacts in one case. If users are to choose any of the tested reanalyses for rotation research, our study points to the Ocean Reanalysis System 5 as the most sensible choice.
Liquid Cohesion Induced Particle Agglomeration Enhances Clogging in Rock Fractures
Authors: Zhang Renjun , Yang Zhibing , Detwiler Russell , Li Dongqi , Ma Gang , Hu Ran , Chen Yi‐Feng
Published: February 2023

Suspended particle transport is frequently involved in many geophysical processes and subsurface engineering applications. Although common and important, the effect of liquid cohesion on particle clogging has been overlooked in previous studies. We conduct visualized experiments of dilute suspension flow in a rough fracture and find a dramatic enhancement of clogging by a tiny amount of additional immiscible wetting liquid, even at weight percentage ω ≤ 0.5%. An experimental phase diagram of clogging patterns is obtained in the space of secondary liquid content and flow rate. The combined effect of suspension composition and hydrodynamic condition on the clogging behavior is analyzed to explain transitions of clogging regimes. A theoretical model of agglomerate size is proposed to quantify the capillary cohesion effect. This work improves the understanding of fines migration and particle‐clogging behaviors in the subsurface and paves the way for possibility of controlling particle transport and clogging in various applications.
Controls on Wintertime Ventilation in Southern Drake Passage
Authors: Dove Lilian A. , Viglione Giuliana A. , Thompson Andrew F. , Flexas M. Mar , Cason Taylor R. , Sprintall Janet
Published: February 2023

Drake Passage is a key region for transport between the surface and interior ocean, but a mechanistic understanding of this exchange remains immature. Here, we present wintertime, submesoscale‐resolving hydrographic transects spanning the southern boundary of the Antarctic Circumpolar Current and the Polar Front (PF). Despite the strong surface wind and buoyancy forcing, a freshwater lens suppresses surface‐interior exchange south of the PF; ventilation is instead localized to the PF. Multiple lines of the analysis suggest submesoscale processes contribute to ventilation at the PF, including small‐scale, O(10 km), frontal structure in water mass properties below the mixed layer and modulation of a surface eddy diffusivity at sub‐50 km scales. These results show that ventilation is sensitive to both submesoscale properties near fronts and non‐local processes, for example, sea‐ice melt, that set stratification and mixed layer properties. This highlights the need for adaptive observing strategies to constrain Southern Ocean heat and carbon budgets.
Rocket‐Released Neutral Clouds in the Ionosphere: Formation, Evolution, and Detection
Authors: Fletcher Alex C. , Crabtree Chris , Ganguli Gurudas , Siefring Carl , Soto‐Chavez Angel Rualdo , Netwall Chris
Published: February 2023

Releasing diffuse artificial clouds into the space environment using a rocket or spacecraft can modify the natural plasma state. This uses space itself as a laboratory for studying plasma phenomena that cannot be reproduced on the ground. The Space Measurement of A Rocket‐released Turbulence (SMART) mission will inject a beam of barium neutral vapor into the ionosphere and perpendicular to the Earth's magnetic field. Barium atoms will be photoionized, forming an ion ring distribution that is unstable to lower hybrid waves. Large amplitude lower hybrid waves nonlinearly scatter to whistler and magnetosonic waves that can propagate out to the magnetosphere. This paper details the theory, modeling, and simulation we used to design this release experiment to optimize the energy in the plasma waves under a variety of constraints. A product of this analysis is quantitative predictions for some in situ and remote measurements. Hydrocode simulations of barium vapourization and acceleration via shaped charge provide the initial state of the neutral beam. We optimize the apogee, orientation, and position of the payload and instruments. Cloud dynamics are simulated with a direct simulation Monte Carlo technique, which includes photoionization with metastable barium states, collisions with the neutral background atmosphere, optical line emission, gravity, and electromagnetic forces. We predict the plasma density measured by the instrument payload and the remotely measured optical intensity. We also examine how the plasma wave growth differs at the measurement location compared to the bulk of the barium cloud.
Informed Multi‐Scale Approach Applied to the British Columbia Fires of Late Summer 2017
Authors: Reisner Jon M. , Josephson Alexander J. , Gorkowski Kyle J. , Koo Eunmo , Thompson Daniel K. , Schroeder Dave , Dubey Manvendra K.
Published: February 2023

Pyrocumulonimbus (PyroCb) clouds have a complex origin dependent on fire dynamics and meteorological conditions. When a pyrocumulonimbus cloud develops and is maintained over a period of time, it can inject significant aerosol into the troposphere and lower stratosphere, resulting in a longer‐term (months to years) occurrence of aerosol in the stratosphere. In this work, we investigate the British Columbia wildfires on 12–13 August 2017 using a multi‐scale simulation framework. We use the output of a physics‐based wildfire model (FIRETEC) with parameterized energy, particle, and gas emissions to drive the upper atmospheric aerosol mass injection within a regional cloud resolving model (HIGRAD). We demonstrate that vertical motions produced by latent heat release of the condensation of ice and cloud particles within the PyroCbs induce another 5 km of lifting of the simulated aerosol plume. Primary black carbon and organic aerosols (OAs) alone may not be enough to explain the observed aerosol burden, thus we show that secondary OA produced via condensation of gases by the fires, ash, and possibly dust can enhance lofted aerosol mass. A simulation with all emission mechanisms active, driven by the observed fuel load and environmental conditions, reasonably reproduces an aerosol profile inferred from observational data.
Acoustic Emissions of Nearly Steady and Uniform Granular Flows: A Proxy for Flow Dynamics and Velocity Fluctuations
Authors: Bachelet V. , Mangeney A. , Toussaint R. , de Rosny J. , Arran M. I. , Farin M. , Hibert C.
Published: February 2023

The seismic waves emitted during granular flows are generated by different sources: high frequencies by interparticle collisions and low frequencies by global motion and large scale deformation. To unravel these different mechanisms, an experimental study has been performed on the seismic waves emitted by dry, dense, quasi‐steady granular flows. The emitted seismic waves were recorded using shock accelerometers and the flow dynamics were captured with a fast camera. The mechanical characteristics of the particle collisions were analyzed, along with the intervals between collisions and the correlations in particles' motion. The high‐frequency seismic waves (1–50 kHz) were found to originate from particle collisions and waves trapped in the flowing layer. The low‐frequency waves (20–60 Hz) were generated by particles' oscillations along their trajectories, that is, from cycles of dilation/compression during coherent shear. The profiles of granular temperature (i.e., the mean squared value of particle velocity fluctuations) and average velocity were measured and related to each other, then used in a simple steady granular flow model, in which the seismic signal consists of the variously attenuated contributions of shear‐induced Hertzian collisions throughout the flow, to predict the rate at which seismic energy was emitted. Agreement with the measured seismic power was reasonable, and scaling laws relating the seismic power, the shear strain rate and the inertial number were derived. In particular, the emitted seismic power was observed to be approximately proportional to the root mean square velocity fluctuation to the power 3.1 ± 0.9, with the latter related to the mean flow velocity.
Persistence of resistance: a panel data analysis of the effect of antibiotic usage on the prevalence of resistance
Authors: Rahman Sakib , Kesselheim Aaron S. , Hollis Aidan
Published: February 2023

The use of antibiotics promotes the emergence of resistant bacteria in the patient and the environment. The extent of this well-documented biological relationship is, however, not well characterized at an ecological level. To make good policy around antibiotic use, it is important to understand the empirical connection between usage and resistance. We provide a consistent approach to estimate this relationship using national-level surveillance data. This paper estimates the effect of antibiotic usage on antibiotic resistance using an 11-year panel of data on both usage and resistance for 26 antibiotic–bacteria combinations in 26 European countries. Using distributed–lag models and event-study specifications, we provide estimates of the rate at which increases in antibiotic usage at the national level affect antibiotic resistance nationally and internationally. We also calculate the persistence of resistance and analyze how resistance behaves asymmetrically with respect to increases and decreases in usage. Our analysis finds the prevalence of resistant bacteria increases immediately after usage and continues to increase for at least 4 years after usage. We show that a decrease in usage has little identifiable impact on resistance over the same period. Usage in neighboring countries increases resistance in a country, independent of usage in that country. Trends in usage-related resistance vary across European regions and across bacterial classifications.
Prenatal genetic analysis of fetal aberrant right subclavian artery with or without additional ultrasound anomalies in a third level referral center
Authors: Xue Huili , Zhang Lin , Yu Aili , Lin Min , Guo Qun , Xu Liangpu , Huang Hailong
Published: February 2023

To evaluate the correlation between chromosomal abnormalities and fetal aberrant right subclavian artery (ARSA) with or without additional ultrasound anomalies (UAs). A total of 340 fetuses diagnosed with ARSA by ultrasound between December, 2015, and July, 2021, were included. All cases were subdivided into three groups: (A) 121 (35.6%) cases with isolated ARSA, (B) 91 (26.8%) cases with soft markers, and (C) 128 (37.6%) cases complicated with other UAs. Invasive testing was performed via amniotic fluid or cord blood karyotyping and chromosomal microarray analysis (CMA) in parallel, and pregnancy outcomes were followed. Karyotype abnormalities were identified in 18/340 (5.3%) patients. Karyotype abnormalities in Groups A, B, and C were 0/121 (0.0%), 7/91 (7.7%), and 11/128 (8.6%), respectively. CMA abnormalities with clinically significant variants were detected in 37/340 (10.9%) cases, of which 22q11.2 deletion syndrome and trisomy 21 accounted for 48.6% (18/37). The overall abnormal CMA with clinically significant variant detection rates in Groups A, B, and C were 3/121(2.5%), 13/91 (14.3%), and 21/128 (16.4%), respectively. There were significant difference in clinically significant CMA anomalies detection rate between Groups A and C (p < 0.05), as well as Groups A and B (p < 0.05). Comparing CMA to karyotyping showed a clinically significant incremental yield in Group C (7.8%, 10/128) compared to Groups A (2.5%, 3/121) and B (6.6%, 6/91) (p > 0.05). Fetal ARSA with additional UAs, concurred with cardiac and extra-cardiac anomalies, constitutes a high-risk factor for chromosomal aberrations, especially for pathogenic or likely pathogenic copy number variants.
Distribution of energy in the ideal gas that lacks equipartition
Authors: Naplekov Dmitry M. , Yanovsky Vladimir V.
Published: February 2023

The energy and velocity distributions of ideal gas particles were first obtained by Boltzmann and Maxwell in the second half of the nineteenth century. In the case of a finite number of particles, the particle energy distribution was obtained by Boltzmann in 1868. However, it appears that this distribution is not valid for all vessels. A round vessel is a special case due to the additional integral of motion, the conservation of the gas angular momentum. This paper is intended to fill this gap, it provides the exact distribution of particle energy for a classical non-rotating ideal gas of a finite number of colliding particles in a round vessel. This previously unknown distribution was obtained analytically from the first principles, it includes the dependence on all the particle masses. The exact mean energies of gas particles are also found to depend on the system parameters, i.e., the distribution of energy over the degrees of freedom is not uniform. Therefore, the usual ideal gas model allows for the uneven energy partitioning, which we study here both theoretically and in simple numerical experiments.
Integrated molecular and clinical analysis of BRAF-mutant glioma in adults
Authors: Schreck Karisa C. , Langat Pinky , Bhave Varun M. , Li Taibo , Woodward Eleanor , Pratilas Christine A. , Eberhart Charles G. , Bi Wenya Linda
Published: February 2023

BRAF mutations are a significant driver of disease in pediatric low-grade glioma, but the implications of BRAF alterations on the clinical course and treatment response in adult glioma remain unclear. Here, we characterize a multi-institutional cohort of more than 300 patients (>200 adults) with BRAF-mutated glioma using clinical, pathological/molecular, and outcome data. We observed that adult and pediatric BRAF-mutant gliomas harbor distinct clinical and molecular features, with a higher prevalence of BRAFV600E (Class I) and BRAF fusions in pediatric tumors. BRAFV600E alterations were associated with improved survival in adults with glioma overall, though not in glioblastoma. Other genomic alterations observed within functional classes were consistent with the putative roles of those BRAF mutation classes in glioma pathogenesis. In our adult cohort, BRAFV600E alterations conferred sensitivity to targeted therapies. Overall, this large cohort of BRAF-altered adult gliomas demonstrates a broad range of molecular alterations with implications for treatment sensitivity and survival.
Recent progress in homogeneous immunosensors based on fluorescence or bioluminescence using antibody engineering
Authors: Rani Abdul Qawee , Zhu Bo , Ueda Hiroshi , Kitaguchi Tetsuya
Published: February 2023

Homogeneous immunosensors integrate the advantages of both biosensors and immunoassays; they include speed, high sensitivity, and accuracy.
Lanthanide-based luminescent probes for biological magnesium: accessing polyphosphate-bound Mg2+
Authors: Pinto-Pacheco Brismar , Lin Qitian , Yan Claudia W. , de Melo Silva Symara , Buccella Daniela
Published: February 2023

New Eu(iii)-based indicators enable luminescence-based detection of polyphosphate-bound Mg2+ species, a highly dynamic pool of biomolecule-bound magnesium in cells.
Multifaceted folding–unfolding landscape of the TrpZip2 β-hairpin and the role of external sub-piconewton mechanical tensions
Authors: Chathoth Nayana Edavan , Nair Aparna G , Anjukandi Padmesh
Published: February 2023

Will a protein respond to small forces of the order of piconewtons in terms of its folding mechanism? In an uneven solvation environment, TrpZip2 β-hairpin experiences an uneven force exerted by solvent molecules that alters its folding mechanism.
Organometallic chemistry confined within a porphyrin-like framework
Authors: Białek Michał J. , Hurej Karolina , Furuta Hiroyuki , Latos-Grażyński Lechosław
Published: February 2023

Studies on carbaporphyrins and other macrocycles preserving a fundamental porphyrin framework that confines a metal centre in the proximity of a carbon fragment enforcing a plethora of interactions and reactivities are reviewed.
Cyclic iron tetra N-heterocyclic carbenes: synthesis, properties, reactivity, and catalysis
Authors: Schlachta Tim P. , Kühn Fritz E.
Published: February 2023

Cyclic iron tetracarbenes structurally resemble iron porphyrins, but the strong equatorial σ-donation results in a different electronic structure and reactivity.
Accurate prediction of carbon dioxide capture by deep eutectic solvents using quantum chemistry and a neural network
Authors: Mohan Mood , Demerdash Omar , Simmons Blake A. , Smith Jeremy C. , K. Kidder Michelle , Singh Seema
Published: February 2023

We report the development of machine learning model for the calculation of carbon dioxide solubilities in deep solvent solvents. This model helps to predict and accelerate the development of carbon capture solvents with ideal experimental conditions.
Excellent regeneration, easy separation and high capacity of 3D chitosan–melamine sponge composites for anionic dye removal
Authors: Zeng Yang , Liu Xin , Zhang Yimo , Qin Yan , Tang Xiangtao , Zhang Wenqing , Zhang Lingfan
Published: February 2023

3D chitosan melamine-sponge composite with high capacity and excellent reusability was successfully prepared via a simple cross-linking strategy.
Preparation of CuO nanosheet array thin film with controlled morphology for SERS and photocatalysis
Authors: Wu Haoran , Yang Qiong , Wang Jingjing , Zhou Huayu , Qin Shaoxiong , Pan Jiaqi , Li Chaorong
Published: February 2023

A CuO nanosheet array thin film was synthesized by one-step electrochemical anodic oxidation, exhibiting SERS and photocatalytic performance.
Electrochemical detection of fluoride ions in water with nanoporous gold modified by a boronic acid terminated self-assembled monolayer
Authors: Novak Lara Marie , Steyskal Eva-Maria
Published: February 2023

A detection strategy for fluoride ions in water with a nanoporous gold electrode surface-modified by a boronic acid terminated self-assembled monolayer is presented, based on a variation of the electrode's surface potential upon fluoride binding.
New C2h phase of group III monochalcogenide monolayers AlX (X = S, Se, and Te) with anisotropic crystal structure: first-principles study
Authors: Tran Tuan-Anh , Hai Le S. , Nguyen Cuong Q. , Vi Vo T. T. , Linh Tran P. T. , Hieu Nguyen N.
Published: February 2023

In this paper, we introduce a new phase of two-dimensional aluminum monochalcogenide, namely C2h-AlX (X = S, Se, and Te).
Torsion-induced stick-slip phenomena in the delamination of soft adhesives
Authors: Venkatadri Tara K. , Henzel Thomas , Cohen Tal
Published: February 2023

Propagation of stick-slip waves along the circumference of soft adhesive cylinders under combined torsion and compression is shown experimentally and explained by a theoretical model.
Aramid-based aerogels for driving water evaporation through both photo-thermal and electro-thermal effects
Authors: Wang Min , Zhang Xuezhong , Chen Chuanliang , Wen Yong , Wen Qichao , Fu Qiang , Deng Hua
Published: February 2023

In this work, a 3D porous network water evaporator of ANF/CNT/PPy aerogel was prepared by freeze-drying and in situ polymerization of PPy, with high evaporation rate based on the photo-electro-thermal effect.
Hierarchical superparamagnetic metal–organic framework nanovectors as anti-inflammatory nanomedicines
Authors: Zhao Heng , Sene Saad , Mielcarek Angelika M. , Miraux Sylvain , Menguy Nicolas , Ihiawakrim Dris , Ersen Ovidiu , Péchoux Christine , Guillou Nathalie , Scola Joseph , Grenèche Jean-Marc , Nouar Farid , Mura Simona , Carn Florent , Gazeau Florence , Dumas Eddy , Serre Christian , Steunou Nathalie
Published: February 2023

We report a novel superparamagnetic stimuli-responsive nano-object coupling MIL-100(Fe) and maghemite, which, once combined with two complementary drugs (MTX and Dox), leads to a multifunctional theranostic platform to treat inflammatory diseases.
A therapeutic probe for detecting and inhibiting ONOO− in senescent cells
Authors: Huang Ping , Li Zihong , Nong Li , Cheng Jie , Lin Weiying
Published: February 2023

A new therapeutic probe for detecting and inhibiting ONOO− in senescent cells.
Highly stretchable, injectable hydrogels with cyclic endurance and shape-stability in dynamic mechanical environments, by microunit reformation
Authors: Li Meiru , Zhou Yuwei , Li Xueping , Li Sidi , Zhao Jin , Hou Xin , Yuan Xubo
Published: February 2023

Conceptual scheme of as reformed PA-N and potential applications (partly drawn by Figdraw).
Swelling induced mechanically tough starch–agar based hydrogel as a control release drug vehicle for wound dressing applications
Authors: Sarmah Dimpee , Borah Munmi , Mandal Manabendra , Karak Niranjan
Published: February 2023

A synthetic monomer free, polysaccharide-based swelling induced mechanically tough hydrogel for wound dressing applications.
Orthorhombic undoped κ-Ga2O3 epitaxial thin films for sensitive, fast, and stable direct X-ray detectors
Authors: Girolami Marco , Bosi Matteo , Serpente Valerio , Mastellone Matteo , Seravalli Luca , Pettinato Sara , Salvatori Stefano , Trucchi Daniele M. , Fornari Roberto
Published: February 2023

X-ray photoresponse of κ-Ga2O3 is investigated for the first time. Results show that κ-Ga2O3 is a versatile material for the development of high-performance direct X-ray detectors.
Circularly polarized activity from two photon excitable europium and samarium chiral bioprobes
Authors: Mizzoni Silvia , Ruggieri Silvia , Sickinger Annika , Riobé François , Guy Laure , Roux Margaux , Micouin Guillaume , Banyasz Akos , Maury Olivier , Baguenard Bruno , Bensalah-Ledoux Amina , Guy Stéphan , Grichine Alexei , Nguyen Xuan-Nhi , Cimarelli Andrea , Sanadar Martina , Melchior Andrea , Piccinelli Fabio
Published: February 2023

Circularly polarized luminescence activity from new cationic water soluble Sm(iii) and Eu(iii) complexes is triggered by one- and two-photon absorption processes. The Eu(iii) complex is shown to be an efficient NIR-to-RED probe in cellulo.
A photo-responsive organic electrochemical transistor
Authors: Turetta Nicholas , Danowski Wojciech , Cusin Luca , Livio Pietro Antonio , Hallani Rawad , McCulloch Iain , Samorì Paolo
Published: February 2023

OECTs capable of undergoing a reversible modulation of ON current by up to 30% via irradiation with UV and visible light were realised via blending of a mixed ionic–electronic polymer (pgBTTT) and a photoswitching spiropyran derivative (OEG-SP).
Miniature mass spectrometer-based point-of-care assay for measuring phosphatidylethanol in blood
Authors: Pandey Sangeeta , Hu Yanyang , Anderson Peter L. , Kiser Jennifer J. , Cooks R. Graham
Published: February 2023

We demonstrate proof-of-concept for point-of-care assessment of long-term alcohol consumption by measuring phosphatidylethanol in blood/dried blood spots with nano-electrospray ionization and MS/MS using a miniature mass spectrometer.
Controlled synthesis of twinning β-form anhydrous guanine nanoplatelets in aqueous solution
Authors: Guo Dongmei , Hao Jingyan , Hou Xiubin , Ren Yujing , Zhang Ying , Gao Juan , Ma Yurong
Published: February 2023

Controlled synthesis of twinning β-phase anhydrous guanine nanoplatelets is realized for the first time in an aqueous solution via ammonia volatilization.
Rapid and stable hydrogen detection based on Pd-modified WO3 nanosheets
Authors: Lv Jianxin , Zhang Linghui , Si Lianxi , Li Hui , Zhao Wenbo , An Fei , Feng Xia , Hu Shi
Published: February 2023

The combination of the 2D ultrathin structure of WO3 and the catalytic effect of Pd endow Pd/WO3 with rapid and stable hydrogen detection.
Fluorine-functionalized 2D covalent organic frameworks withkgdtopology for efficient C2H2/CO2separation
Authors: Chen Jinxin , Jiang Chuanhai , Xing Zhihao , Li Jiahao , Dai Fangna , Peng Yongwu
Published: February 2023

A novel fluorine-functionalized 2D covalent organic framework, withkgdtopology and improved C2H2/CO2separation over its fluorine-free counterpart, is reported.
Pushing the limit of synergy in SnTe-based thermoelectric materials leading to an ultra-low lattice thermal conductivity and enhanced ZT
Authors: Kihoi Samuel Kimani , Shenoy U. Sandhya , Kahiu Joseph Ngugi , Kim Hyunji , Bhat D. Krishna , Lee Ho Seong
Published: February 2023

Enhanced phonon scattering and band structure engineering improve the thermoelectric properties of SnTe-based thermoelectric materials.
Regulating the electronic structure of single-atom catalysts for electrochemical energy conversion
Authors: Ma Wei , Deng Zhe , Zhang Xinjie , Zhang Zhang , Zhou Zhen
Published: February 2023

We provide comprehensive analyses of various methods to regulate the electronic structure of single-atom catalysts, which have shown great promise for optimizing electrochemical energy conversion efficiency.
Computing metasurface capable of broad-band switchable anisotropic edge-enhanced imaging
Authors: Hao Qun , Wang Wenli , Wang Jing , Li Qianhui , Hu Yao , Zhang Shaohui , Yu Liandong
Published: February 2023

We reported a novel all-optical imaging device based on a designed 2D material (metasurface) for anisotropic 2D edge enhancements. This metasurface can work as a switchable anisotropic edge filter at broadband wavelengths.
A dual-band graphene/silicon nanowire array heterojunction photodetector induced by leaky mode resonances
Authors: Lin Di-Hua , Wan Fang , Gong Shu-Chang , Fu Can , Liang Feng-Xia , Luo Lin-Bao
Published: February 2023

A leaky mode resonance induced dual-band photodetector is fabricated using graphene/silicon nanowire array heterojunctions, which exhibit two peak responsivities at 430 nm and 660 nm.
TLR2 and 4 signaling pathways are altered in macrophages from V30M TTR mice with down-regulated expression of chemokines
Authors: Moreira João , Martins Helena , Saraiva Margarida , Saraiva Maria João
Published: February 2023

Hereditary amyloid transthyretin (ATTRv) amyloidosis is a fatal neurodegenerative disorder, first identified in Portugal. The most common transthyretin (TTR) mutation in ATTRv results from an exchange of a methionine for a valine at position 30 (V30M). ATTRv is characterized by the extracellular deposition of aggregates and fibrils of mutant forms of TTR, particularly in the nerves and ganglia of the peripheral nervous system (PNS). This phenotype is often accompanied by the lack of inflammatory infiltrates, despite the importance of macrophages in removal of TTR deposits in ATTRv patients. The mechanisms underlying this impairment of inflammatory responses in ATTRv patients are poorly understood.

Here, we show a significant down-regulation in the expression of several chemokines by bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDM) generated from V30M TTR mice upon stimulation with toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) and TLR2 agonists. The phosphorylation of the MAP kinase p38, important for TLR4 and TLR2 signaling pathways, was also down-regulated in V30M macrophages, as compared with wild-type (WT) ones.

The present study contributes with new insights to unravel the molecular mechanisms underlying the lack of inflammatory immune responses observed in ATTRv patients and may help in the development of new immune therapeutic strategies for the disease.
Carte du Ciel andGaia
Authors: Lehtinen K. , Prusti T. , de Bruijne J. , Lammers U. , Manara C. F. , Ness J.-U. , Siddiqui H. , Poutanen M. , Muinonen K. , Morrison O.
Published: February 2023

Context.The Carte du Ciel archive at the University of Helsinki enables us to see the sky as it was about 120 yr ago. The archive consists of single-exposure and triple-exposure plates between epochs 1896.8–1925.8.

Aims.Our main aim is to find binary and multiple stars by combining Carte du Ciel andGaiadata.

Methods.The plates were digitised with a commercial digital camera. We usedGaiadata to calculate predicted coordinates of stars at the epoch of each plate. These stars were used as reference stars to fit astrometry for each plate, giving fitted coordinates for stars on the Carte du Ciel plates. If the predicted and fitted coordinates differed at a significant level, we classified the star as a non-single star, for which the proper motion values given in theGaiacatalogue can be unreliable.

Results.We find that several astrometric quality indicators ofGaiaindicate that the uncertainties ofGaia’ssingle-star model fit are, in general, larger for our non-single-star candidates. The percentage of our non-single-star candidates, which are in the catalogues of known binary stars, is relatively low, ~10% at maximum.

Conclusions.The combination of the Carte du Ciel andGaiadata can be used to identify candidates of non-single stars. We propose that the sources with a significant difference between the predicted and fitted coordinates are long-period binaries, although astrophysical and/or instrumental effects as origin for the coordinate difference cannot be excluded for individual cases.
Metrological supply of water pumping in oil and gas fields
Authors: Khabibullaev S. , Tangirov J. , Amirkulov N. , Daminov T.
Published: February 2023

In the article, the instructions for the Metrological provision of survey driving in oil and gas fields and the Metrological provision carried out in oil fields,instruments used in the fields and the principle of their operation, the analysis of the main problems of the Metrological calculation of the quantity and quality of oil and oil products, the Prohibition of modern means of Water treatment for oil and gas folding, methods of water treatment for oil and gas folding, water treatment for oil and gas folding (pile), modern methods of exposure to piles aimed at increasing the ultimate oil permeability, standards for thermometers, pressure meters, flow meters, moisture meters, density meters and resistivity meters used in oil and gas fields, well consumption meters АPU-011/630 terms of reference, SIEMENS SITRANS F M MAG 5000/6000 eletromagnetni digital consumption meter test result, the results from the SKJ30М10.00.010PS consumption gauges, which were struck in wells, were highlighted.
Analysis of the proportions of pollutions in cotton by weight and number
Authors: Parpiev Azimjon , Shorahmedova Mamura , Saidbekova Saida
Published: February 2023

The article provides an analysis of the proportions of different selections and industrial varieties, harvest type in terms of size and number of pollutions in the cotton. The problem of the formation of the force of binding of pollutions with the fiber was analyzed, and it was suggested that the main reason was the adhesion of the fiber to the bumps formed along the perimeter of the pollution. The experiments are based on the fact that the contamination and the contamination of cotton determined on the basis of cotton weights are the same, but their proportions are different in size. The possibility of separating fine pollutions in the cotton from the pile drums used in ginning plants was studied, and it was found that they can extract up to 93% of the total fine pollutions. Based on the comparative analysis, it was found that there is a significant difference in the weight and number fractions of pollutants by size. The effects of cotton selection and industrial variety, initial contamination, harvest type on the proportions of pollution by size. It was noted that the determination of cotton pollution by their weight ratio does not fully characterize cotton as an object of ginning, and on this basis there is a need to reconsider the issue of determining the plan of ginning of cotton based on the initial pollution.
Appearance of biological and productivity indicators of foreign breeds and hybrids of bombyx mori l. propagated in seed enterprises in different conditions
Authors: Batirova Aziza , Umarov Shavkat
Published: February 2023

At the global level, special attention is paid to the care of the mulberry silkworm Bombyx mori L. in different climatic conditions, the adaptation of monovoltine breeds and hybrids to different ecological regions, and the production of high-quality raw silk that meets the requirements of the international standard 2A, 3A, 4A. being directed. Today, creating a new generation of mulberry silkworm breeds and hybrids and improving the technological properties of cocoons and silk raw materials obtained from them, determining the effects of various environmental factors and objectively evaluating the physical and mechanical properties of cocoons are considered as urgent problems on a global scale. Currently, some of the mulberry silkworm seeds, which are not enough for farms in our country, are imported from the People's Republic of China. The economic value of these imported elite and industrial hybrids, namely silkworm egg viability, worm viability, length of larval larval period, biological factors such as mulberry silkworm, cocoon and shell weight, cocoon yield, silkiness and cocoon productivity such as fertile and non-fertile cocoons. It is scientifically based on the extent to which the natural climatic conditions of the regions of Uzbekistan affect productivity indicators such as percentage, dry weight of cocoons, percentage of defective cocoons.
Antagonistic activity of pigment-forming streptomycets isolated from various anthropogenic zones of Tashkent, Uzbekistan
Authors: Bekmukhamedova Nigora , Zainitdinova Lyudmila , Mamiev Mukhiddin
Published: February 2023

Actinomycetes play an important role in soil formation and soil fertility. Improvement of soils is connected with their activity. they transform and destroy complex organic compounds (cellulose, chitin, lignin, and others) that are inaccessible to many other microorganisms. Actinomycetes are of the greatest interest for biotechnology as producers of antibiotic substances. Antagonistic activity to phytopathogens of local strains of pigment-forming actinomycetes of the genus Streptomyces isolated from various anthropogenic zones of Tashkent was shown. Active strains with high antagonistic activity to plant pathogens were selected. The results showed that the significant was the antagonistic effect of Streptomyces sp.15 to the studied phytopathogens, while the zone of no growth of pathogens reached from 22 mm to 26 mm.
Types of soybean pests and measures against them
Authors: Ergasheva Nilufar , Makhmudova Shakhnoza
Published: February 2023

The article observes that soybean crops are damaged by a number of specialized and omnivorous pests in the field, during the storage of grain in warehouses and private homes.These pests are mainly noctudae,TetranychusurticaeKoch,beetles, aphids, caterpillars, long-nosed beetles, cicadas (cancers), which have been found to cause severe damage to soybean crops.The study included 21 species of pests belonging to different families, includingEuxoa agricolaB.,Agrotis segetumSchiff,Heliothis armigeraHb.,Tettigonia viridissimaL.,Tettigonia caudateCharp.,Setona crinitusHbst.,Setona cylindricollisFahr.,Setona cylindricollisFahr.,Lethrus pygmaecusBall.,Opatrum SabulasumL.,Mulovzis bigutkataGelb.,Acanthoscelides altectusSag,Callosebruchus maculatesZ.,Colliptamus italicusL.,Colliptamus turanicusTarb.,Dociostaurus maroccanusThumb.,Agrotis meticulosusCond.,Cloncerambycinus Sem., Blaps halophilaF.W.,Dailognatha nasuteMen.,Gryllotalpa gryllotalpaL.,have been reported to damage the plant to varying degrees during young germination and growth.The main pest of the soybean crop is the Avalanche 70% n.kuk 5kg/t consumption rate and the cruiser 35% s.k. Consumption of 4 l/t at the rate of at least 20 days before sowing of seeds is protected from the long snouts for 25-35 days after germination, preventing the damage caused by these pests.In addition, plant growth and development have also improved relative to control.
Invitro rearing of parasitoids
Authors: Jumaev Rasul
Published: February 2023

Since 2015, the studies on in vitro rearingBraconidaeandTrichogrammatidae(B. habetorSay,B. greeniandT. pintoe, T. evanescens, T. chilonis) have been conducted successfully in Uzbekistan. For these parasites, cooking and the three main types of media were made from the hemolymph of the wax moth (G. melonnella) and cotton wormHelicoverpa armigera (Heliothis armigera), egg yolk, natural milk 10%. The simulated "host-eggs" and "larvae" are made of polyethylene or polypropylene semi spherical capsules, containing artificial diets, in which insectan pupal hemolymph is the main component. Mass production of in vitro rearedBraconidaeandTrichogrammatidaeits utilization in the fields showed good effectiveness in controlling cotton bollworm. In the article researches were given about creating artificial medium of diets in order to growbraconand choosing effective medium of diets. In our researches medium of diets which consists of some components was created and they were harmed withbracongenerations. According to it, generation of bracon’s nutrition and developing three main types of medium were produced in order to rear bracon parasite that was composed wax moths (G.melonnellan) and (heliothis armigera) hemolymph, egg yolk, natural milk.
Calculation of gas supply pressure using plastic pipes for preventing accidental emissions
Authors: Musaev Marufjan , Khodjaeva Sevarakhon , Boboev Azizjon
Published: February 2023

Technological (production, operational and repair) risks come to the fore, minimizing which requires optimization of the work of structural units responsible for a reasonable assessment of the technical condition, maintenance and repair of facilities, timely renewal of production facilities with minimization of wear and tear of equipment, which is a risk factor in the failure of the gas transmission system. In addition, based on the noted features of gas transportation enterprises, in the risk management block, logistics risks, safety risks, environmental, social and (in a certain aspect) financial risks should play a significant role. Objectively, in order to establish an acceptable range of risks, it is necessary to collect statistical data on the occurrence of risk factors for the foreseeable period in order to leave for constant monitoring those risk factors that appear regularly in the gas transmission system. The construction and operation of gas pipelines play an important role in the reasonable and technical transportation of gaseous substances. Noteworthy, algorithm for calculating the proposed medium pressure gas pipeline was developed, accordingly, in this research, the gas flow area was determined. The results showed that based on the calculations of underground average pressure of polyethylene pipes, the average gas pressure was 5,733 Pa, withstands pressure was up to 8009.7 Pa, withstands stress on the pipe wall was up to 0.024 MPa, and emission loss was 3964.4 m3 when there was an accident.
Extraction of valuable components from spent cadmium and vanadium-containing catalysts
Authors: Dadakhodzhaev A. , Muratkulov O. , Yakibova D. , Abdutalipova N. , Bobomurodova M.
Published: February 2023

With the help of water-acid leaching methods, studies were carried out on the extraction of vanadium (V) oxide from spent vanadium-containing catalysts of Maksam-Chirchik JSC, AGMK JSC and Ammophos-Maxam JSC. A new, resource-saving technology for the extraction of vanadium compounds from spent vanadium catalysts has been proposed. In order to reduce the consumption of sulfuric acid in the leaching process, a three-stage aqueous acid leaching was proposed, as a result of which the degree of extraction of vanadium into the solution is more than 98%.
Obtaining filter material from natural fiber composition and areas of its use
Authors: Ergashev Y. , Egamberdiev E. , Turabdzhanov S. , Akmalova G. , Isanova R. , Rashidov R. , Sobitov O.
Published: February 2023

For all types of paper and paper products, we must take into account mechanical strength, the use of paper sheet and its processing or non-processing. Taking into account the above points, knowing its relevance and the requirements for the obtained product, we devoted our experiments to the study of the influence of the composition of the composition on the obtaining of filtering materials and its quality. The demand for paper and paper products is increasing today. Further increase of types of paper and production of competitive, import-substituting export products are considered urgent issues. The main components of paper composite materials are reinforcing fiber fillers, binders and reinforcing additives. Filtration materials were obtained from the composition of fibers containing cellulose and the processes of its extraction were analyzed. The results of the study of the effect of the composite composition and the method of obtaining the filter material on its filtering properties and main indicators are presented.
Creating the architectural-landscape space in the major cities as a tool of harmonious personality development in multinational townspeople
Authors: Goryacheva Elena , Vlasova Irina , Dudnik Marina
Published: February 2023

Social issues in the XXI century form a need to change people’s living conditions in the big cities considering the ecological crisis. The art of creating architectural landscape spaces in major cities is characterized by special standards of living conditions in a multinational environment. There is a focus on creating a physiologically comfortable and harmonic environment for the development of personality of everyone in such a multinational city as the capital of the Southern Federal District, Rostov-on-Don, also called “the Caucasus gates”. Such environments are the comfortable living conditions of city dwellings and architectural-landscape environment. The landscape is needed to dominate the count of city buildings. The surrounding grounds are equipped for the comfortable living and leisure activities of different age people. The carbonate composition of the atmosphere, the waste of land transport and factories are minimizing. Such conditions are part of an optimally comfortable stay. The ethnic cultural factor is significant as a component in the visualization of objects and the landscape of the city. The visual perception of the video ecological foundations of the exteriors and interiors of buildings and objects of the urban environment has the same positive effect: the decor of buildings, the characteristics of the texture and texture of surfaces, the configuration of finishing and building materials, the color scheme of this artificial environment created by human hands are of leading importance for human psychophysiology. It affects the feeling of security and calm personality development and its' creative improvement and creativity development. It is of enormous significance for the entire nation in crisis.
Mathematical methods for assessing the investment attractiveness of territories
Authors: Skrynnikova Irina , Skrynnikov Nikita
Published: February 2023

The article is devoted to the use of mathematical methods in assessing the investment attractiveness of territories. The work includes the selection of indicators that are the basis for comparison, their mathematical processing and generalization using such methods as normalization of indicators, correlation analysis, t-SNE visualization method, cluster analysis, principal components analysis, ranking method. Using these methods, it became possible to obtain the rating of municipalities on the example of one of the regions of the Southern Federal District of the Russian Federation - Rostov region. The rating is compiled separately for urban districts and municipal districts. The principal components analysis was used to study the relative importance of indicators, which eliminates the need to interview experts in the course of the research. The use of mathematical methods in assessing the investment attractiveness of municipalities made it possible to obtain a final assessment for each municipality, as well as to identify leaders and underperformers. This approach, which is notable for the availability of the information and less time-consuming calculations, is of interest both to local governments of municipalities and regional authorities. This methodology can be recommended to private investors for the selection of investment objects and the assessment of investment risks.
Agricultural holdings: current state and prospects for digital transformation
Authors: Glyzina Maria
Published: February 2023

An integrated approach is applied in the paper to consider the essence of regional agricultural holdings, characterize their types and possible options of organizational structure. The main advantages of agricultural holdings amongst other forms of management used in national agricultural sector are systematized, the problem field of their current operation is identified. The major strategic directions for improving business processes of agricultural holdings as vertically integrated structures in conditions of innovative economy and its digital component are defined. One of the main areas of the ongoing systemic transformations is the creation of vertically integrated forms of management (agricultural holdings), which by their nature react flexibly to changes in the agricultural market, have great socio-economic importance and demonstrate high performance.