bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
For the Greater Good: When Visionary Leadership Fosters Follower Moral Elevation and Unethical Prosocial Behavior
Authors: Buss Martin , Kearney Eric
Published: November 2024

While previous research has mostly focused on visionary leadership's positive effects, real‐world examples suggest that such leadership might sometimes also cause followers to engage in unethical prosocial behavior to contribute to a vision's noble cause. However, the process and the conditions under which this occurs are poorly understood. We draw on the theory of motivated moral reasoning to argue that visionary leadership promotes follower moral elevation and, in turn, follower unethical prosocial behavior, but that this effect is contingent on the follower's dispositional tendency for perspective‐taking. In two experimental studies, we show that visionary leadership only has a positive effect on unethical prosocial behavior through moral elevation among followers with a high dispositional tendency for perspective‐taking. Our work identifies the specific mechanism through which visionary leadership is related to unethical prosocial behavior as well as an important boundary condition of this effect. Moreover, it integrates the respective literatures on visionary leadership, moral emotions, and moral judgment.
Development of Machine Learning Algorithms for Identifying Patients With Limited Health Literacy
Authors: Koole Dylan , Shen Oscar , Lans Amanda , de Groot Tom M. , Verlaan J. J. , Schwab J. H.
Published: November 2024

Rationale

Limited health literacy (HL) leads to poor health outcomes, psychological stress, and misutilization of medical resources. Although interventions aimed at improving HL may be effective, identifying patients at risk of limited HL in the clinical workflow is challenging. With machine learning (ML) algorithms based on readily available data, healthcare professionals would be enabled to incorporate HL screening without the need for administering in‐person HL screening tools.

Aims and Objectives

Develop ML algorithms to identify patients at risk for limited HL in spine patients.

Methods

Between December 2021 and February 2023, consecutive English‐speaking patients over the age of 18 and new to an urban academic outpatient spine clinic were approached for participation in a cross‐sectional survey study. HL was assessed using the Newest Vital Sign and the scores were divided into limited (0–3) and adequate (4–6) HL. Additional patient characteristics were extracted through a sociodemographic survey and electronic health records. Subsequently, feature selection was performed by random forest algorithms with recursive feature selection and five ML models (stochastic gradient boosting, random forest, Bayes point machine, elastic‐net penalized logistic regression, support vector machine) were developed to predict limited HL.

Results

Seven hundred and fifty‐three patients were included for model development, of whom 259 (34.4%) had limited HL. Variables identified for predicting limited HL were age, Area Deprivation Index‐national, Social Vulnerability Index, insurance category, Body Mass Index, race, college education, and employment status. The Elastic‐Net Penalized Logistic Regression algorithm achieved the best performance with a c‐statistic of 0.766, calibration slope/intercept of 1.044/−0.037, and Brier score of 0.179.

Conclusion

Elastic‐Net Penalized Logistic Regression had the best performance when compared with other ML algorithms with a c‐statistic of 0.766, calibration slope/intercept of 1.044/−0.037, and a Brier score of 0.179. Over one‐third of patients presenting to an outpatient spine center were found to have limited HL. While this algorithm is far from being used in clinical practice, ML algorithms offer a potential opportunity for identifying patients at risk for limited HL without administering in‐person HL assessments. This could possibly enable screening and early intervention to mitigate the potential negative consequences of limited HL without taxing the existing clinical workflow.
Shared decision‐making about autologous stem cell transplantation: A qualitative study of older patients and physicians
Authors: Liu Qian , Li Jianfang , Wang Lixiu , Shan Chuyue , Wang Li , Ye Dan , Luo Dan , Zou Huijing , Yang Bing Xiang , Wang Xiao Qin , Zhang Jingjing , Zhou Fuling
Published: November 2024

Background

The decision‐making process between autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplant (autoHSCT) and less‐intensive treatments necessitates shared decision‐making between older patients with hematological malignancies and healthcare providers. However, there is limited knowledge from both perspectives. This qualitative study aimed to comprehensively understand the experiences of shared decision‐making regarding autoHSCT among older patients with hematological malignancies and physicians.

Methods

Older patients and physicians were recruited from the hematology department at one of the affiliated general hospitals of Wuhan University. They participated in semi‐structured, in‐depth face‐to‐face individual interviews from August 2022 to March 2023. The interviews explored their experiences with shared decision‐making about autoHSCT. Interviews were transcribed verbatim and analyzed using Colaizzi's phenomenological method.

Results

Thirteen older patients and eight physicians were recruited. Two themes were identified: (1) Factors influencing AutoHSCT recommendations and decision‐making: Seven factors were categorized into three groups: physician‐driven factors (pretransplant assessments, experience‐based judgment, and communication approaches), patient‐driven factors (perceived benefits and risks, financial challenges, and family involvement), and mutual trust between patients and physicians, which is a bidirectional factor relying on both physicians' trust and the active participation of patients in the decision‐making process. (2) Treatment planning and outcome expectations: Regardless of treatment choices, patients focused on engaging in self‐management and prioritizing quality of life, and maintaining hope for positive outcomes.

Conclusions

The shared decision‐making process for autoHSCT between older patients with hematological malignancies and physicians is shaped by physician‐driven factors, patient‐driven factors, and mutual trust. These findings provide a foundation for developing patient‐centered care strategies, including decision aids and enhanced communication training for physicians, aimed at improving outcomes for older patients facing complex treatment choices. Future research should explore how these factors interact over time, through longitudinal studies, to assess their long‐term impact on patient outcomes and quality of life.
Characterization of national eco‐industrial park projects in China, Korea, and Japan: Bibliometric analysis and systematic literature review
Authors: Putra Agusta Samodra , Dong Liang , Park Yujin , Park Hung‐Suck
Published: November 2024

Eco‐industrial parks (EIPs) promote sustainable industrial development by integrating environmental, economic, and social objectives. China, Japan, and Korea have reported significant achievements on EIPs. This paper conducted an integrated bibliometric analysis and systematic literatures review to characterize their national EIP initiatives and draw out their success factors. The bibliometric analysis was conducted on EIP research articles from 1998 to 2022, with keywords related to locally specified EIPs plus the country name. Three hundred and sixty‐one peer‐reviewed articles (China: 300; Korea: 30; and Japan: 31) are analyzed. Keywords analysis highlighted “environmental benefit,” “carbon emission,” and “eco‐industrial development” for China; “symbiosis,” “society,” and “recycling industry” for Japan; and “symbiosis network,” “emission,” and “eco‐industrial parks” for Korea. These results well match with the fact that China's EIP was featured as establishing centralized industrial infrastructure facilitated by circular economy and environmental policies. Korean EIP focused on building industrial symbiosis (IS) networks by business model, emphasizing EIP transition. Eco‐town program in Japan emphasized waste recycling and landfill minimization to promote eco‐innovation with environmental technology advancement. The in‐depth literature review of these EIP programs based on the evolution, planning, implementation, and evaluation presents the specific characteristics of the EIP program in each country. All the programs are incorporated into national policy and development strategy with specific financial support and incentives for project incubation, enabling scheme and business model for project scale up, as well as collaborative government (central and local) and public–private partnership in their contexts. These lessons are expected to be customized based on the target countries’ situations to scale up and mainstream EIP implementation globally.
Social traps and the wicked problem of single‐use plastics: A marketing, policy, and consumer‐citizen perspective
Authors: Shultz Clifford J. , Mason Marlys J. , Fehl Amy Greiner , Baker Stacey Menzel , Barakat Karine Aoun , Bone Sterling A. , Thomas Meredith Rhoads
Published: November 2024

Wicked problems pose both immediate and existential threats. Within this article we explore the underlying nature of wicked problems, including the social traps embedded in them. We deconstruct the ecosystem surrounding single‐use plastics to make key points regarding controversies and conflicting interests surrounding wicked problems. We propose that wicked problems may be reframed by unpacking the relationships between individuals and collectives and how social traps are understood in terms of time horizon, ownership, responsibility, and involvement. We argue that resolutions to social traps are paramount to resolving wicked problems in the case of single‐use plastics and to wicked problems more generally. We draw from marketing, psychology, public policy, and consumer research literature to suggest specific ways marketing can mitigate or perhaps eliminate the insidious dynamic of social traps and wicked problems, and in turn affect positive outcomes to enhance the short‐term and long‐term well‐being for many consumers and stakeholders.
Efficacy and Safety of Combination Therapy of Microneedling Radiofrequency, In‐Office and Home‐Based Topical Cysteamine in Refractory Melasma: A Split Face, Vehicle‐Control, Randomized Control Trial
Authors: Tsai Ya‐Wen , Lin Jeng‐Hsien , Lai Yi‐Jing , Liu Tzu‐Li , Ng Chau Yee
Published: November 2024

Background

Refractory melasma remains a challenge in dermatology, necessitating the exploration of innovative treatments.

Aims

This study aims to evaluate the efficacy and safety of combining radiofrequency microneedling (RFM) with Cysteamine cream, applied both in‐office and as a part of a home‐care regimen, to treat refractory melasma.

Patients/Methods

A vehicle‐controlled, split‐face trial was conducted on 30 Fitzpatrick skin types III and IV participants. Subjects received RFM and Cysteamine serum on one side of the face and RFM with saline on the contralateral side. Additionally, a random half‐added Cysteamine cream was applied at home. The modified Melasma Area and Severity Index and VISIA skin analysis were used for assessment.

Results

Significant improvement in melasma severity and skin texture was noted on the sides treated with RFM and Cysteamine, including observable benefits from both in‐office and home‐based Cysteamine use with minimal adverse effects.

Conclusions

The combined approach of RFM with Cysteamine provides a promising and safe modality for managing refractory melasma, showing notable improvements.
Revealing the Therapeutic Potential: Investigating the Impact of a Novel Witch Hazel Formula on Anti‐Inflammation and Antioxidation
Authors: Liu Xue , Hage Tamer‐Whittle , Chen Li‐Chi , Wang Eddy Hsi Chun , Liao I‐Chien , Goldberg Jodi , Gosto Sabina , Cziryak Paula , Senna Maryanne , Chen Ying , Zheng Qian
Published: November 2024

Background

Skin barrier health is crucial for preventive and corrective skincare across all skin types. Witch hazel (Hamamelis virginiana) extracts show potential in addressing skin issues, but their efficacy in treating chronic inflammation, improving skin barrier function, and combating UV‐induced oxidation requires further investigation.

Aims

To evaluate the efficacy of a novel formula containing witch hazel extracts in treating chronic inflammation, improving skin barrier function, and combating UV‐induced oxidation.

Methods

We employed a novel ex vivo chronic inflammation model to assess anti‐inflammatory effects, measuring key pro‐inflammatory cytokines. Barrier function markers, such as loricrin and transglutaminase‐1, were analyzed. An ex vivo model with UV‐induced Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) elevation was used to evaluate antioxidant properties, measuring specific ROS markers like 4‐Hydroxynonenal and carbonylated protein.

Results

The novel witch hazel formula significantly reduced pro‐inflammatory cytokines in both 2D and ex vivo models, including IL‐6 and IL‐8, demonstrating potent anti‐inflammatory effects. Barrier function markers showed notable improvements compared to the inflamed condition. In the UV‐induced ROS model, the formula remarkably decreased ROS levels, specifically 4‐Hydroxynonenal and carbonylated protein, indicating strong antioxidant properties.

Conclusions

Our findings demonstrate that the novel witch hazel formula exhibits potent anti‐inflammatory and antioxidant properties while enhancing skin barrier function. This natural, well‐tolerated ingredient offers a promising treatment option for improving overall skin health, presenting new opportunities in skincare formulation and treatment strategies.
Mobile Health to Improve Efficacy of Interdental Brushing Among Periodontitis Patients: A Randomized Clinical Trial
Authors: Yadav Jyoti , Tanwar Nishi , Sharma Rajinder Kumar , Sangwan Aditi
Published: November 2024

Aim

Compliance with plaque control measures in open interdental spaces, an essential element in management of periodontitis, is reported to be poor. Mobile health (mHealth) approach is an effective approach for behavior change. This study aimed to assess the effectiveness of mHealth in improving plaque control in type 2 embrasures.

Methods

Stage II or III, grade B periodontitis patients (n = 76) with type 2 embrasures were enrolled. Phase I therapy was provided in both groups. In the control group, interdental brushing instructions were given only at baseline and follow‐up appointments. In the test group, interdental brushing was also reinforced by regular text messages for 3 months. Clinical parameters including plaque index (PI), papillary bleeding index (PBI), probing pocket depth (PPD), clinical attachment level (CAL), gingival index (GI), bleeding on probing (BOP), and interdental papillary height (IPH) were measured at baseline, 1, 3, and 6 months.

Results

Intergroup comparison from baseline to 6 months showed a statistically significant difference (p < 0.05) between groups in all parameters with more reduction in mean values in test group. Intergroup comparison from 3 to 6 months showed a statistically significant difference (p < 0.05) in mean values of PI, PBI, GI, PPD, CAL, and IPH with higher reduction in test group. Intragroup comparison from 3 to 6 months showed statistically significant reduction in mean values in PI, PBI, PPD, CAL, and IPH only in test group (p < 0.05).

Conclusion

Cue to action through mobile text messages effectively augments compliance with the use of interdental brush, improves plaque control, and manages stage II or stage III periodontitis following subgingival instrumentation.

Trial Registration

ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT05565404
Salivary peptidomic profiling of chronic gingivostomatitis in cats by matrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionization‐time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry and nanoscale liquid chromatography‐tandem mass spectrometry
Authors: Ploypetch Sekkarin , Pornthummawat Apisit , Roytrakul Sittiruk , Jaresitthikunchai Janthima , Phaonakrop Narumon , Wardhani Sabrina Wahyu , Lacharoje Sitthichok , Techangamsuwan Somporn
Published: November 2024

Background

Chronic gingivostomatitis in cats (FCGS) is a moderately to severely painful condition, potentially caused by inadequate immune response to oral antigenic stimulation. Salivary peptidome analysis can identify inflammatory protein mediators and pathways involved in oral mucosal immune activation and may indicate potential therapeutic options for FCGS.

Objective

Evaluate the diversity and abundance of salivary peptides in cats with FCGS using matrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionization‐time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry (MALDI‐TOF MS) and nanoscale liquid chromatography‐tandem mass spectrometry (nano LC‐MS/MS).

Animals

Thirty‐two cats with FCGS and 18 healthy controls.

Methods

Case‐control cross‐sectional study. We compared the salivary peptide profiles of diseased and healthy cats. The diagnosis of FCGS was confirmed by histopathology. Saliva samples were analyzed for viral infections using polymerase chain reaction (PCR), peptide mass fingerprint (PMF) using MALDI‐TOF MS, and peptide identification using nano LC‐MS/MS.

Results

Distinct clusters of peptide profiles were observed between groups. In FCGS, 26 salivary peptides were altered, including apolipoprotein A1, nuclear receptor subfamily 1 group I member 3, fibrinogen alpha chain, interleukin 2 receptor gamma, interleukin 23 receptor, hemoglobin subunit alpha, and serpin peptidase inhibitor clade A (alpha‐1 antiproteinase, antitrypsin) member 12, protein‐tyrosine‐phosphatase, and cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 10 subunit. Protein‐anti‐inflammatory drug interaction networks were observed.

Conclusions and Clinical Importance

Peptide mass fingerprint and peptide profiles identified distinct clusters between FCGS and healthy cats. The 9 novel salivary peptide markers were associated with the JAK/STAT and PI3K/Akt pathways and immune responses. These potentially noninvasive biomarkers may facilitate understanding of FCGS pathophysiology and guide future therapeutic research.
An opportunity for abolition: McCleskey, innocence, and the modern death penalty decline
Authors: Drummond Clayton B. , Norris Robert J.
Published: November 2024

For more than two decades after Gregg v. Georgia (1976), use of the death penalty greatly expanded across the United States. Since 2000, however, it has declined significantly. Perhaps the most notable explanation for this decline is the contemporary focus on wrongful convictions. In this paper, we aim to contextualize the modern death penalty decline, and its connection with innocence, through the theoretical lens of social movements and collective action. We argue that dual opportunities reshaped the modern anti‐death penalty movement. First, the McCleskey v. Kemp (1987) ruling affirmed the federal courts' resistance to abolition and inspired activists to begin shifting toward state‐level political abolitionism. Activists then took advantage of the developing interest in wrongful convictions. Specifically, innocence‐related abolitionist activities in Illinois reinvigorated the anti‐death penalty movement, expanded the advocacy network, and fundamentally reframed the debate around capital punishment in the United States. We suggest that, collectively, these dual opportunities reshaped the anti‐death penalty movement into one that emphasized strategies reaching beyond constitutionality and propelled the movement into the twenty‐first century with a foundation for successful political abolitionism.
Preoperative anxiety and depressive symptoms predicted higher incidence of delirium post coronary artery bypass graft surgery
Authors: Aburuz Mohannad Eid , Maloh Haya Ibrahim Ali Abu , Ahmed Fatma Refaat
Published: November 2024

Background

Anxiety, depressive symptoms and delirium are common among patients undergoing coronary artery bypass graft surgery (CABG). Postoperative delirium is associated with diverse negative outcomes among those patients, including delayed extubation and prolonged length of stay (LoS). Existing literature has recorded the incidence and associated risk factors with delirium among patients undergoing CABG, but limited studies have checked the particular impacts of preoperative anxiety and depressive symptoms (ADS) on the incidence of postoperative delirium.

Aim

To determine the impact of ADS on the incidence of postoperative delirium among patient undergoing elective CABG.

Study design

This was a prospective cohort study among 400 patients, 220 (55%) males and 180 (45%) females, who underwent elective CABG. The sample was recruited from six major hospitals in Jordan. ADS were measured prior to the operation using the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale. Delirium was screened using the Confusion Assessment Method for the Intensive Care Unit by trained research assistants twice daily from the second to the fifth day postoperatively. Data were analysed using logistic and multiple regression analyses.

Results

160 patients (40%) developed delirium postoperatively. Regression analysis showed that older age, female sex, duration of surgery ≥7 h, depressed, anxious, and anxious and depressed categories were independent predictors for higher incidence rates of delirium. Additionally, the occurrence of delirium was an independent predictor for longer hospital/ICU LoS.

Conclusions

CABG patients may experience delirium more frequently and require a longer hospital stay if they have prior anxiety or depression. Controlling ADS might decrease delirium incidence and shorten the LoS.

Relevance to clinical practice

Our findings underscore the critical role nurses play in identifying and addressing psychological issues before CABG. By recognising and managing preoperative ADS, nurses can potentially reduce the risk of delirium following CABG.
Molecular and functional adaption of Arabidopsis villins
Authors: Li Xin , Zhuang Yuhui , Zhao Wanying , Qu Xiaolu , Wang Juan , Chang Ming , Shen Jiangfeng , Chen Naizhi , Huang Shanjin
Published: November 2024

Villins are versatile, multifunctional actin regulatory proteins. They promote actin stabilization and remodeling mainly via their actin bundling and Ca2+‐dependent severing activities, respectively. Arabidopsis subclass II and III villins normally coexist in cells, but the biological significance of their coexistence remains unknown.

Here we demonstrate that subclass II villin binds to Ca2+ with high affinity and exhibits strong severing but weak bundling activity compared to subclass III villin. Subclass II villin plays a dominant role in promoting actin remodeling, which requires its Ca2+‐dependent severing activity. Subclass II villin is also strictly required for physiological processes including oriented organ growth and stress tolerance. By comparison, subclass III villin binds to Ca2+ with low affinity and exhibits weak severing but strong bundling activity, and acts as the major player in controlling actin stabilization and organization.

Thus, we demonstrate that multifunctional villin isovariants have diverged biochemically to ensure exquisite control of the actin cytoskeleton to meet different cellular needs in plants.

This study provides new insights into the role of villins in fine‐tuning actin dynamics and plant development.
The impact of retrotransposons on zygotic genome activation and the chromatin landscape of early embryos
Authors: Solberg Therese , Kobayashi‐Ishihara Mie , Siomi Haruhiko
Published: November 2024

In mammals, fertilization is followed by extensive reprogramming and reorganization of the chromatin accompanying the transcriptional activation of the embryo. This reprogramming results in blastomeres with the ability to give rise to all cell types and a complete organism, including extra‐embryonic tissues, and is known as totipotency. Transcriptional activation occurs in a process known as zygotic genome activation (ZGA) and is tightly linked to the expression of transposable elements, including endogenous retroviruses (ERVs) such as endogenous retrovirus with leucine tRNA primer (ERVL). Recent studies discovered the importance of ERVs in this process, yet the race to decipher the network surrounding these elements is still ongoing, and the molecular mechanism behind their involvement remains a mystery. Amid a recent surge of studies reporting the discovery of various factors and pathways involved in the regulation of ERVs, this review provides an overview of the knowns and unknowns in the field, with a particular emphasis on the chromatin landscape and how ERVs shape preimplantation development in mammals. In so doing, we highlight recent discoveries that have advanced our understanding of how these elements are involved in transforming the quiescent zygote into the most powerful cell type in mammals.
Jack Surgery: Reconstructing Collapsed Femoral Head in Association Research Circulation Osseous Stage III Osteonecrosis: A Series of 13 Cases
Authors: Zhong Ying , Gong Yichen , Lv Shuaijie , Du Wenxi , Liu Xun , Zhang Jianhua , Tong Peijian
Published: November 2024

Objective

According to Association Research Circulation Osseous (ARCO) staging, patients with ARCO III osteonecrosis of femoral head (ONFH) have joint pain and dysfunction due to the collapse of femoral head. Current hip preservation surgeries are not satisfying in the treatment of ARCO III ONFH according to the long‐term follow‐up. In our practice, we focused on reconstructing femoral head by restoring the round shape of femoral head and subsequently preventing the development of hip arthritis. To lift the collapsed femoral head and postpone the potential total hip arthroplasty, we practiced Jack surgery, combining surgical hip dislocation, removal of necrotic bone, impaction bone grafting, and lifting the cartilage of femoral head.

Methods

From February 2019 to July 2022, 13 patients (15 hips) who received Jack surgery in the research center were included in this retrospective study. Follow‐up was conducted every 3 months after surgery for imaging and clinical evaluation. The differences between visual analogue scale (VAS) and Harris hip score (HSS) before and after surgery were compared to observe whether the femoral head collapsed and whether osteotomy healed after surgery. Severe collapse of the femoral head ( > 2 mm) or receiving total hip arthroplasty (THA) was defined as failure of hip preservation therapy. An Independent sample t‐test was used to compare the data, and the chi‐square test was used for categorical data.

Results

All the 13 patients successfully completed the surgery and were followed up. The average time of follow‐up was 36.46 ± 16.87 months (ranging from 14 to 66 months). HSS was assessed 12 months after surgery: excellent in 1 patient with 1 hip; good in 9 patients with 11 hips; modest in 3 patients with 3 hips. To the last follow‐up, the VAS scores decreased from 6.17 ± 1.02 to 2.08 ± 0.90 (p < 0.001), HSS increased from 46.69 ± 4.15 to 89.77 ± 2.86 (p < 0.001). No deep infection, fracture, osteotomy nonunion, nerve injury, deep vein thrombosis, pulmonary embolism, or other complications occurred.

Conclusion

For young patients with ONFH of ACRO III, this surgical technique can effectively restore the original shape of the femoral head and achieve satisfactory hip function in the short term. The mechanism is similar to jacking the roof of a house; thus, we named it “Jack surgery”.
High Inter‐Specific Diversity and Seasonality of Trunk Radial Growth in Trees Along an Afrotropical Elevational Gradient
Authors: Plavcová Lenka , Tumajer Jan , Altman Jan , Svoboda Miroslav , Stegehuis Annemiek Irene , Pejcha Vít , Doležal Jiří
Published: November 2024

Understanding mechanisms driving tropical tree growth is essential for comprehending carbon sequestration and predicting the future of tropical forests amid rapid deforestation. We conducted a natural experiment in Mount Cameroon to identify climatic factors limiting diurnal and seasonal growth in dominant tree species across a 2200‐m elevation gradient, from lowland rainforests to montane mist forests with distinct wet and dry seasons. Using high‐precision automatic dendrometers, we recorded radial growth rates of 28 tropical tree species from 2015 to 2018, correlating them with rainfall (11 100–2500 mm) and temperatures (23–14°C) across elevations. Significant growth limitations were suggested at both extremes of water availability. Tree growth peaked during the dry and prewet seasons at humid lower elevations and during wet seasons at drier higher elevations. Growth rates increased with soil moisture at higher elevations and peaked at medium soil moisture at lower elevations. Trees grew fastest at lower temperatures relative to their elevation‐specific means, with growth limited by high daytime temperatures and promoted by nighttime temperatures. Our results revealed significant interspecific diurnal and seasonal growth variations hindered by both water scarcity and excess in West African rainforests, essential for forecasting and modelling carbon sinks.
The Ammonium Transporter SpAMT1;2 Contributes to Nitrogen Utilisation and Cadmium Accumulation in the Hyperaccumulator Sedum Plumbizincicola
Authors: Yu Yan‐Xuan , Wang Meng‐Qi , Fang Zi‐Jun , Li Hui , Gong Ji‐Ming
Published: November 2024

Sedum plumbizincicola (Sp) is a cadmium (Cd) hyperaccumulator found specifically in abandoned ancient mines where N is regularly deficient while Cd presents in excess. How Sp got adapted to this unique habitat remains unknown. Here, we reported relative abundant presence of NH4+ in mine areas for Sp, and the isolation and functional characterisation of a putative NH4+ transporter gene AMT1;2, which is highly expressed in Sp roots and encodes a pH‐dependent dual affinity ammonium uptake transporter. Compared to SaAMT1;2, the homologous gene in the nonhyperaccumulating control Sedum alfredii (Sa), SpAMT1;2 expression is much higher and not inhibited by Cd. Only eight amino acid sequence polymorphisms were observed between SpAMT1;2 and SaAMT1;2, and the in‐vitro NH4+ uptake activity and subcellular localisation are identical between them with or without Cd stress. Moreover, in contrast in Sa, NH4+ uptake in Sp is not inhibited by Cd, and NH4+ at ambient level promotes Cd accumulation. These data suggest that SpAMT1;2 is likely an essential gene contributing to nitrogen nutrition and the interaction between NH4+and Cd uptake in Sp, which might represent a novel N utilisation pathway evolved in mines for the hyperaccumulator Sp.
Detection of offshore oil slicks utilizing a novel joint feature extraction technique that integrates limited hyperspectral image data
Authors: Gou Tao , Li Ying , Liu Bingxin , Wang Zi
Published: November 2024

The marine environment is facing severe threats from oil spills, and hyperspectral remote sensing image technology holds great potential for rapid detection of such incidents. However, the limited sample sizes and insufficient extraction of feature information currently hinder accurate identification of offshore oil spills. To address this issue, we present the first implementation of a meta‐learning model in marine remote sensing observations using the meta‐learning–based perceptual attention generative adversarial network model (meta‐PAGAN) method. This approach integrates a perceptual attention‐based generation adversarial network to effectively detect offshore oil films despite the scarcity of hyperspectral sample data. By simultaneously executing the meta‐learning model and employing the perceptual attention network mechanism, reliance on sample data is reduced while overall generalization capability is enhanced, thereby significantly improving detection accuracy. We conducted experiments using airborne visible light/infrared imaging spectrometer (AVIRIS) hyperspectral data collected during the Deepwater Horizon incident on 9 July 2010 to evaluate our meta‐PAGAN model's performance in detecting offshore oil spills with limited hyperspectral data samples. The experimental results demonstrate that our model outperforms other existing models with an impressive identification accuracy rate of 98.4%. Our proposed approach possesses substantial application value in marine environment observation and navigation safety protection.
Metabolomic insights into the multiple stress responses of metabolites in major oilseed crops
Authors: Kefale Habtamu , You Jun , Zhang Yanxin , Getahun Sewnet , Berhe Muez , Abbas Ahmed A. , Ojiewo Chris O. , Wang Linhai
Published: November 2024

The multidimensional significance of metabolomics has gained increasing attention in oilseeds research and development. Sesame, peanut, soybean, sunflower, rapeseed, and perilla are the most important oilseed crops consumed as vegetable oils worldwide. However, multiple biotic and abiotic stressors affect metabolites essential for plant growth, development, and ecological adaptation, resulting in reduced productivity and quality. Stressors can result in dynamic changes in oilseed crops' overall performance, leading to changes in primary (ex: saccharides, lipids, organic acids, amino acids, vitamins, phytohormones, and nucleotides) and secondary (ex: flavonoids, alkaloids, phenolic acids, terpenoids, coumarins, and lignans) major metabolite classes. Those metabolites indicate plant physiological conditions and adaptation strategies to diverse biotic and abiotic stressors. Advancements in targeted and untargeted detection and quantification approaches and technologies aided metabolomics and crop improvement. This review seeks to clarify the metabolomics advancements, significant contributions of metabolites, and specific metabolites that accumulate in reaction to various stressors in oilseed crops. Considering the response of metabolites to multiple stress effects, we compiled comprehensive and combined metabolic biosynthesis pathways for six major classes. Understanding these essential metabolites and pathways can inform molecular breeding strategies to develop resilient oilseed cultivars. Hence, this review highlights metabolomics advancements and metabolites' potential roles in major oilseed crops' biotic and abiotic stress responses.
The triangle of bureaucratic policy analysis and the professional types of high‐level civil servants: Empirical evidence from Southern Europe
Authors: Capano Giliberto , Cavalieri Alice , Pritoni Andrea
Published: November 2024

Despite the growing interest in the policy work and analytical capacities of bureaucracies, these dimensions have not been treated as central to characterizing and understanding the role of senior civil servants in policymaking, which is usually conceptualized in terms of their relationship with policymakers or other organizational and societal factors. This article fills this gap by proposing an analytical framework that allows the empirical classification of high‐level civil servants according to the “triangle of bureaucratic policy analysis”, which consists of possible links between their policy work, their policy analytical capacities, and the types of information they use. We apply this analytical lens to the results of a large survey of approximately 1000 senior civil servants in Greece, Italy, Portugal, and Spain. Our findings consist of three empirical professional types of top bureaucrats, the “political generalist”, the “manager”, and the “legal advisor”, each characterized by a particular combination of specific policy analytical capacities, sources and types of information used, and policy work. The proposed framework thus offers a promising conceptual lens for comparative research and demonstrates how a focus on the policy dimensions of high‐level officials' activities can provide a novel perspective on their roles.
A new class of nonparametric tests for second‐order stochastic dominance based on the Lorenz P–P plot
Authors: Lando Tommaso , Legramanti Sirio
Published: November 2024

Given samples from two non‐negative random variables, we propose a family of tests for the null hypothesis that one random variable stochastically dominates the other at the second order. Test statistics are obtained as functionals of the difference between the identity and the Lorenz P–P plot, defined as the composition between the inverse unscaled Lorenz curve of one distribution and the unscaled Lorenz curve of the other. We determine upper bounds for such test statistics under the null hypothesis and derive their limit distribution, to be approximated via bootstrap procedures. We then establish the asymptotic validity of the tests under relatively mild conditions and investigate finite‐sample properties through simulations. The results show that our testing approach can be a valid alternative to classic methods based on the difference in the integrals of the cumulative distribution functions, which require bounded support and struggle to detect departures from the null in some cases. The same approach can be extended to a family of fractional‐degree stochastic orders, including the first order as a limiting case.
Same gender typicality, risky technology use, and disordered eating among adolescents
Authors: Salomon Ilyssa , Brown Christia Spears
Published: November 2024

This cross‐sectional study explored the moderating role of self‐perceived same gender typicality in the relationship between risky technology use and disordered eating outcomes among adolescents. The sample consisted of early adolescents (N = 147; Mage = 14.54, SDage = .57; 75 boys, 69 girls, and 3 missing) who completed a written survey at their public high school. Participants identified as 68% White, 14.3% mixed‐race/more than one race, 4.1% Black/African American, 4.8% Hispanic/Latinx, .7% Asian, 1.4% American Indian/Alaskan Native, and .7% Native Hawaiian/Pacific Islander (eight missing). The study found that higher risky technology use was associated with higher eating disorder risk and behavior regardless of gender. Results also indicated that the relationship between risky technology use and disordered eating outcomes was the strongest among adolescents with low self‐perceived same gender typicality compared to peers. Overall, the findings suggest that adolescents who feel less gender typical than their peers may be more vulnerable to the impact of technology on body‐related outcomes. Findings, limitations, and implications are discussed.
Impact of information shortcuts on preferential voting: Gender and ballot position effects in Luxembourg and Switzerland
Authors: Ortega Carmen , Oñate Pablo
Published: November 2024

Free party lists provide voters with greater freedom of choice than other electoral systems, allowing them to select candidates within and between parties. Given that free party lists are cognitively highly demanding, voters have incentives to use shortcuts to discriminate between candidates. This study uses multilevel linear regression models to analyze the effect of candidates' gender and ballot position on preference voting in Luxembourg and Switzerland. Our results show that both candidates' gender and ballot position have a significant effect on their preference voting share and provide evidence on how they interact in intraparty competition. Candidates' ballot position has an inverse J‐shaped effect on their preference vote share. This effect varies with candidates' gender in both countries but works in different directions. Our findings have important implications for electoral system design, outlining the potential consequences of alphabetical and party‐ordered lists for candidates' chances and for electoral gender quotas' effectiveness under intraparty preference voting procedures.
Not Just an Oxymoron: The Utilitarian's Guide to Antimicrobial Stewardship in Transplant Infectious Diseases
Authors: Gorsline Chelsea A. , Sharma Divisha , Harris Courtney E. , Hand Jonathan , Imlay Hannah , Stohs Erica J. , So Miranda , Kumar Rebecca N.
Published: November 2024

Solid organ transplant and hematopoietic cell transplant patients face an increased risk of infectious diseases, greater exposure to antibiotics, and heightened risk of multidrug‐resistant organisms (MDROs) due to their immunosuppressed state. Antimicrobial stewardship programs (ASP) are essential in reducing the incidence of MDRO by conserving antimicrobial use, minimizing treatment durations, and improving the appropriate use of diagnostic testing. However, the role of ASP in transplant infectious diseases (TID) is still evolving, necessitating greater collaboration between ASP and transplant programs. This collaboration will mitigate infection risks, reduce infection‐associated costs, and improve outcomes. This article reviews the key components for implementing ASP in TID, especially for those that are establishing or growing their ASP to include TID, including specific goals, structure and funding, ASP initiatives (including antibiotic allergy delabeling, diagnostic stewardship, and antiviral/antifungal stewardship), metrics, and educational opportunities.
Laser dissection‐assisted phloem transcriptomics highlights the metabolic and physiological changes accompanying clubroot disease progression in oilseed rape
Authors: Blicharz Sara , Stefanowicz Karolina , Truman William , Basińska‐Barczak Aneta , Singh Deeksha , Kasprzewska Anna , de Diego Nuria , Vrobel Ondřej , Ćavar Zeljković Sanja , Tarkowski Petr , Malinowski Robert
Published: November 2024

Plasmodiophora brassicae, a soil‐borne biotroph, establishes galls as strong physiological sinks on Brassicaceae plants including Brassica napus and Arabidopsis thaliana. We compare transcriptional profiles of phloem dissected from leaf petioles and hypocotyls of healthy and infected B. napus plants. Our results highlight how pathogenesis accompanies phloem‐mediated defence responses whilst exerting a strong influence on carbon–nitrogen (C–N) economy. We observe transcriptional changes indicating decreased aliphatic glucosinolate biosynthesis, fluctuating jasmonic acid responses, altered amino acid (AA) and nitrate transport, carbohydrate metabolism and modified cytokinin responses. Changes observed in phloem‐dissected from upper versus lower plant organs point to phloem as a conduit in mediating C–N repartitioning, nutrition‐related signalling and cytokinin dynamics over long distances during clubroot disease. To assess changes in physiology, we measured AAs, sugars and cytokinins, in phloem exudates from B. napus plants. Despite the decrease in most AA and sucrose levels, isopentyl‐type cytokinins increased within infected plants. Furthermore, we employed Arabidopsis for visualising promoter activities of B. napus AA and N transporter orthologues and tested the impact of disrupted cytokinin transport during P. brassicae‐induced gall formation using Atabcg14 mutants. Our physiological and microscopy studies show that the host developmental reaction to P. brassicae relies on cytokinin and is accompanied by intense nitrogen and carbon repartitioning. Overall, our work highlights the systemic aspects of host responses that should be taken into account when studying clubroot disease.
Missed opportunities: Lack of a diagnostic workup of anaemia results in a high prevalence of unidentified anaemia
Authors: Carrier Christian , Meltzer David , Prochaska Micah T.
Published: November 2024

Background and Objectives

Anaemia is a treatable common condition with various aetiologies and is prevalent in hospitalized patients. However, anaemia is inconsistently worked up and treated in the inpatient setting, in part because there is no standardized inpatient diagnostic and treatment approach to anaemia. Therefore, the objective of this study was to examine the diagnostic approach and prevalence of common aetiologies of anaemia in hospitalized patients and test for an association between aetiologies of anaemia and patient characteristics.

Materials and Methods

This study is a prospective observational study of hospitalized adult patients with anaemia. Patient laboratory data were used to assess the frequency of anaemia diagnostic workup and common aetiologies of anaemia.

Results

In a sample of 945 patients (mean age 58 years, 57% female and 72% Black), 30% patients had chronic anaemia, 11% had multifactorial anaemia, 5% had iron deficiency and 37% had insufficient laboratory data to determine their anaemia aetiology (unidentified aetiology). Patients with an unidentified aetiology received fewer transfusions and were more likely to be White, have longer hospital stays and have higher nadir haemoglobin levels.

Conclusion

A significant portion of hospitalized patients with anaemia did not have an identified aetiology. A standardized diagnostic algorithm could decrease this number and help patients receive appropriate treatment.
Aerobic capacity and muscle proteome: Insights from a mouse model
Authors: Plaza‐Florido Abel , Santos‐Lozano Alejandro , López‐Ortiz Susana , Gálvez Beatriz G. , Arenas Joaquín , Martín Miguel A. , Valenzuela Pedro L. , Pinós Tomàs , Lucia Alejandro , Fiuza‐Luces Carmen
Published: November 2024

We explored the association between aerobic capacity (AC) and the skeletal muscle proteome of McArdle (n = 10) and wild‐type (n = 8) mice, as models of intrinsically ‘low’ and ‘normal’ AC, respectively. AC was determined as total distance achieved in treadmill running until exhaustion. The quadriceps muscle proteome was studied using liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry, with the Search Tool for the Retrieval of Interacting Genes/Proteins database used to generate protein–protein interaction (PPI) networks and enrichment analyses. AC was significantly associated (P‐values ranging from 0.0002 to 0.049) with 73 (McArdle) and 61 (wild‐type) proteins (r‐values from −0.90 to 0.94). These proteins were connected in PPI networks that enriched biological processes involved in skeletal muscle structure/function in both groups (false discovery rate <0.05). In McArdle mice, the proteins associated with AC were involved in skeletal muscle fibre differentiation/development, lipid oxidation, mitochondrial function and calcium homeostasis, whereas in wild‐type animals AC‐associated proteins were related to cytoskeleton structure (intermediate filaments), cell cycle regulation and endocytic trafficking. Two proteins (WEE2, THYG) were associated with AC (negatively and positively, respectively) in both groups. Only 14 of the 132 proteins (∼11%) associated with AC in McArdle or wild‐type mice were also associated with those previously reported to be modified by aerobic training in these mice, providing preliminary evidence for a large divergence in the muscle proteome signature linked to aerobic training or AC, irrespective of AC (intrinsically low or normal) levels. Our findings might help to gain insight into the molecular mechanisms underlying AC at the muscle tissue level.