bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Fracture toughness of RC beams on the shear, strengthening by FRCM system
Authors: Blikharskyy Zinoviy , Vegera Pavlo , Vashkevych Rostyslav , Shnal Taras
Published: July 2018

This research paper present the experimental study of reinforce concrete beams strengthened by FRCM system in the shear area. All samples are without transverse reinforcement at the shear distance. First beams tested as control sample, with shear distance a/d=2. Another three beams tested with strengthening by FRCM system. Variable parameter is the level of initial load, before strengthening. The initial load values were 0, 0.3, 0.5 from carrying capacity of control samples. All RC beams were designed to fail in shear, even strengthened samples. In the result of this research we determined that fracture toughness of RC beams increases with a decrease of span to the effective depth ratio. Results are comparable with the increasing of bearing capacity. The first inclined crack opend in mid-height cross section at the load 50 kN at an angle equal to 450 and it does not depend on the shear span. The maximum width of inclined cracks decrease with decreasing of shear span. The maximum width of inclined cracks decrease with decreasing of the shear span. The maximum values of width of inclined cracks are fixed at the value of 0.55 - 0.85 mm. Using the limit crack opening width as criteria of exhaustion of serviceability (SLS) we saw that about 16 - 29% of bearing capacity still remains before the danger of shear failure of the beam.
The analysis of friction properties after laser texturizing of the silicon carbide surface layer
Authors: Radek Norbert , Szczotok Agnieszka , Dwornicka Renata
Published: July 2018

The modification of the surface properties is a desired technological procedure. One of the possible method is the electro-spark deposition (ESD). Unfortunately, ESD process produces a surface with high roughness. The laser beam machining (LBM) has been involved to lower roughness of the coating made by ESD. The elements coated by ESD have been tested to determine tribological properties and they were compared before and after LBM. To achieve high reliability of the results, the test has been conducted in accordance with design of experiments methodology and the results which were obtained have been processed by a statistical analysis. The description of such an experiment performed for a silicon carbide SiC coating, the obtained results and the conclusions are included in this paper.
The effect of the addition of polypropylene fibres on improvement on concrete quality
Authors: Pietrzak Alina , Ulewicz Małgorzata
Published: July 2018

Concrete serves as one of the most important construction materials, which thanks to its resistance and durability, gives total freedom in using it in building industry, and by extension in defining urban areas. Despite numerous advantages (ease of handling, high compressive strength, low production cost, heat resistance) it also has many disadvantages, including low tensile strength as well as sensitivity to destructive action of chemical agents. A constant growth in expectations concerning increasing the quality of concrete led to its polymer modification, whose aim was to eliminate above-mentioned disadvantages. The scope of the present research involved designing and making of concrete mixtures modified by 19, 30, 40 and 60 mm long polypropylene fibres. For the experiment the authors used: Portland cement CEM I 42.5R, sand, gravel aggregate of the 2-8 and 8-16 fractions, water, Master Pozzolith STD plasticizer and polypropylene fibres of various length. The authors made 4 series of concrete samples modified by fibres, for which the following factors have been assigned: compression strength after 7, 28 and 56 days of maturing as well as absorptivity, volumetric density and frost resistance after 100 cycles of freezing and thawing.
Using 5W-1H and 4M Methods to Analyse and Solve the Problem with the Visual Inspection Process - case study
Authors: Knop Krzysztof , Mielczarek Krzysztof
Published: July 2018

The article presents a case study on the use of specially prepared 5W-1H and 4M sheets for the analysis of the problem during the visual inspection process of the electric device, in order to solve it. The identified problem was related to inconsistent assessments during the visual (alternative) inspection of chamber gaps of the electric switch. The research methodology was presented the same as results confirming the effectiveness of the problem analysis in the area of quality control by using these two methods of Lean and WCM concepts. The article aimed to show that a skilful and pragmatic approach to the problem supported by appropriate tools can contribute to its effective solution.
Application of function of quality losses G. Taguchi for study of roller burnishing parameters
Authors: Pacana Andrzej
Published: July 2018

The results of roller burnishing parameters analysis with selfacting feed are presented in this paper. Method of parameter process design based on the quality losses G. Taguchi function was applied. The following controlled parameters were assumed: Ra - roughness parameter before roller burnishing process, w - interference between a roller and a burnished sample. k - multiplication factor of each sample point deformation, V - burnishing velocity. The following factors were assumed as process disturbances: treated material hardness and lubrication of burnished surface. Basing on experimental results it was found that strongest influence (in tested range of parameters variations) on roller burnished surface roughness has initial surface roughness and burnishing velocity. These factors also showed have the smallest resistance to process disturbances.
The idea of fuzzy logic usage in a sheet-based FMEA analysis of mechanical systems
Authors: Filo Grzegorz , Fabiś-Domagała Joanna , Domagała Mariusz , Lisowski Edward , Momeni Hassan
Published: July 2018

The main purpose of the work which was carried out and is presented in this paper was to examine the possibility of using fuzzy logic inference for conducting a risk analysis with the help of a sheet-based Failure Mode and Effects Analysis method (FMEA). At the beginning, the main features of the analysed method were presented, with particular emphasis put on the Risk, Priority and Number parameters. Then, a proposal has been made which suggests using Matlab Fuzzy Logic Toolbox package in order to convert the factors into the form of fuzzy sets and to define rules for fuzzy inference process has been made. Finally, the created fuzzy logic model was used to present an example analysis of a turbocharger failure in the fuzzified form.
Improvement of quality by using an integrated management system of construction processes
Authors: Sobczyk Andrzej , Pobędza Janusz , Sobczyk Małgorzata
Published: July 2018

The subject of the article is the concept of an innovative integrated construction management process connecting Building Information Modelling (BIM) and construction equipment with unique control systems. It would require developing an advanced software application allowing data exchange and keeping track of costconsumption, efficiency, use of building materials, as well as many other essential parameters, which would facilitate the improvement of quality of the technological process of construction works.
Analysis of production incompatibilities and risk level in series production of assembly elements for the automotive industry
Authors: Mazur Magdalena
Published: July 2018

The paper presents issues connected to risk analysis of production incompatibilities occurrence. Low-pressure cords thermoforming process analysis was presented, as well as analysis of types of incompatibilities during the phase of marking product (pad printing). The risk analysis is based on three factors: occurrence, detection, and severity of a specific incompatibility. 6 incompatibility types were defined and their various causes were determined. One critical incompatibility was determined, as well as 4 severe production problems. Presented analysis is an element of implementation of project of new products into the existing thermoforming processes.
Comparison of Approaches to Gauge Repeatability and Reproducibility Analysis
Authors: Mikulová Pavlína , Plura Jiří
Published: July 2018

The paper presents approaches to Gauge Repeatability and Reproducibility (GRR) analysis. The aim of the paper is to compare three methods of GRR analysis - A&R method, ANOVA and EMP III. The first part gives insight to use of Measurement System Analysis (MSA) since properly planned and executed measurement systems can provide a good basis for decision making in companies. One of the new approaches will be presented that is different from the others described by AIAG or VDA guide. Compared to known A&R method and ANOVA, EMP III interpret the results in more detail. Beyond the information about variability of measurement process, the approach provides other useful parameters as attenuation of process signals, change of detecting error shift and an ability to track process improvements. Wider use of the results is illustrated by an example of measuring the dimensions of fasteners.
Improvement of the production system functioning with using quality management tools in the metallurgical enterprise
Authors: Daroń Marta , Górska Monika , Dunay Anna
Published: July 2018

Quality management tools undoubtedly influence the production processes in the company, by the creation of favorable conditions for its improvement. The proper selection and proper use of these tools is essential to improve the functioning of the company. Therefore, the main goal undertaken at work was to assess the situation related to the selection and effectiveness of methods used by a selected company operating in the metal industry. Moreover, it was necessary to determine to what extent these methods are applied and which of them have the greatest impact on the effectiveness of the process of improving the functioning of the enterprise.
Quality of project financed by the European Union structural funds
Authors: Kozień Ewa
Published: July 2018

The European Union structural funds even out the chances of development of particular regions in the European Union. Entities applying for additional financing from structural funds for various actions implemented in a form of projects must meet specific criteria. For this reason, the quality of prepared and implemented projects is of key importance. This paper draws the attention to meeting the requirements of a project at a stage of its preparation and implementation, taking into account the formal, contents-oriented and technical criteria and application of methodology of management, for effective absorption of European Union structural funds.
Assessment of production processes functioning in the case of air bag production
Authors: Mielczarek Krzysztof , Knop Krzysztof
Published: July 2018

In the chapter was presented enterprise producing air bags. described. Toyota’s management principles by Jeffrey Liker were pointed out, which refers to production process (second). An innovative BOST questionnaire survey was characterized as a tool for transformation of Toyota’s management principles into questions. Survey and research method determined as BOST (the name of the is an acronym created from the first two letters of the name and surname of his creator i.e. Stanislaw Borkowski, professor of technical and economic sciences, the acronym is legally protected). Results of the questionary were introduced. It was made an analysis in the range of the principle 2 of Toyota. It was shown analysis of respondent’s characteristics. Next structure of assessments was determined and some statistical graphs were built.
Optimizing the control system of a single-axis sun tracking mechanism
Authors: Alexandru Cătălin
Published: July 2018

The work shows the optimization of the control system for the single-axis solar tracker that equips a solar panel, with the aim to increase the energetic efficiency of the system by maximizing the quantity of incident solar radiation that is captured - absorbed by the panel. The single-axis solar tracker is driven by a linear actuator, the optimization study intending to determine the optimal configuration (in terms of tuning factors) of the controller, which is a PID (Proportional-Integral-Derivative) device, in order to accurately achieve the motion (tracking) law imposed on the solar panel. The solar tracker was approached as a mechatronic system, the mechanical device (developed in ADAMS - Automatic Dynamic Analysis of Mechanical Systems) and the control system (developed in EASY5 - Engineering Analysis System) being integrated at the level of virtual prototype, in the concurrent engineering concept.
Optimization of shifting strategy for a dual clutch transmission through mathematical model
Authors: Bagameri Norbert , Varga Bogdan , Csato Aron , Moldovanu Dan
Published: July 2018

European Union legislation sets mandatory emission and fuel consumption reduction targets for new vehicles and therefore economy remains a key challenge for automotive engineers. Optimizing the transmission shift schedule for an automatic transmission with double clutch is an important part of improving fuel economy. Using simulation and optimization algorithms can ensure that a truly optimal shift schedule is implemented. The main objective of this paper focuses on study the performance of a vehicle with a dual clutch transmission (DCT), with special emphasis on optimizing the shifting schedule using optimization algorithms. In order to study and simulate the shifting strategy the dynamic model is developed based on an existing model in MATLAB Simulink software. In the first phase of the paper a detailed description of the DCT technology, its main functional components and dynamic characteristics are explored. In the second phase model development and simulation concerns the major part of this work, to find the optimal shift schedule for different engine speed and engine torque as it accelerates through the transmission gears by engaging the dual clutches. Finally, the simulation results were evaluated and presented which successfully demonstrate the performance improvement of a dual clutch transmission with an optimized shifting strategy.
Mechatronical system used for the recovery of motor functions
Authors: Andreiaş Roxana , Mariana Barbu Daniela
Published: July 2018

Robotics of medical recovery represent a subject of great interest among various research centers that are trying to develop different complex systems dedicated to the recovery of motor functions through fulfilling the required tasks imposed by applied therapy programs. In order to implement the concept of 'robotical therapy' it is required to use a robotic system specially designed to adhere to medical protocols and to meet the requirements of therapeutic exercises by programming the command and control unit. This paper is in the field of mechatronic systems used in medicine because the purpose of this kind of equipment is to help patients who underwent surgery in the lower limbs regain the mobility of the affected joints as soon as possible. The proposed objective is to improve an exising concept so that a patient may be able to use it in the comfort of their own house, but still being 24/7 monitorized using various sensors and even being able to contact medical care assistance in case of emergency.
Considerations on the automation of a natural gas compressor station
Authors: Maria Gligor Alina
Published: July 2018

Natural gas compressor stations are very important components of a natural gas life cycle. Unfortunately, in Romania most of the existing natural gas compressor stations are equipped only with old-type automation systems, with a high degree of physical and moral wear. The current paper describes the main elements and functions of an automation system that was implemented in a natural gas compressor station, offering an improved pressure control function, but also the possibility to control the compressors from a distance, for example from a central dispatching station.
Sensitivity of indicators used in cost-volume-profit analysis
Authors: Stoenoiu Carmen-Elena
Published: July 2018

The need for cost-volume-profit analysis (CVP) starts from the need to optimize and manage costs due to unforeseen events that accompany economic activity in all areas. In this paper, the dependency relationship between the three cost-volume-profit indicators was analyzed to highlight the need to permanently track and optimize these variables so that managers' decisions can be supported by adaptive analyzes to concrete needs. The study also includes a sensitivity analysis that has shown that the magnitude and meaning of changes occurring when changes occur to one or more variables may be different due to direct and inverse relationships that are established between these variables.
Value co – creation through crowdsourcing: The case of Squadhelp competition platform
Authors: Galateanu (Avram) Elena , Avasilcai Silvia
Published: July 2018

The increasing attention for open innovation processes within organizational development context is materialized through new product and/or services development. The main approach into this direction is to enhance the crowdsourcing features within internal innovation processes, especially value co–creation. The emerging industries, such as creative ones, are using this approach in order to innovate and to enhance collaborative power of creative co–producers. By shifting the co–creation from customers only to multiple stakeholders’ engagement there can be observed the actors’ evolution within the innovation ecosystems. Thus, in this paper there will be assessed the key features of crowdsourcing processes in terms of the most relevant transitions in value co–creation theory. The use of case study approach will reveal relevant insights from the Squadhelp competition platform in terms of innovation, crowdsourcing activities and creative co–producers.
Blockchain technology – a new approach in business environment
Authors: Bucovetchi Olga , Badea Dorel , Stanciu Radu D.
Published: July 2018

Given the newest trends in business and the growing interest towards Internet of Things, it became natural that economic environment switched the paradigm of classical business model. Blockchain technology is a very timely topic of discussion both in academic environment and outside it. This element was proven by authors when analyzing the topic towards the number of publication releases and the search engine queries. Furthermore, the authors shaped the framework of blockchains‘ development highlighting the main advantages and disadvantages for Industry 4.0.
Study on the degree of use and knowledge of digital marketing elements in Romanian small and medium enterprises
Authors: Mihai Dobrescu Răzvan , Petronela Simion Cristina , Grecu Iuliana , Aurelian Popescu Cristian
Published: July 2018

This paper aims to identify digital marketing elements, to analyze and to study the industry‘s degree of knowledge regarding digital marketing, as well as the degree of use of digital technology in the marketing mix of small and medium enterprises(SME‘s) in Romania. First of all, the basic concepts of digital marketing will be defined and analyzed: e-bussines, e-commerce and e-marketing, and then, in order to identify the degree of knowledge of these elements as well as the degree of use in the promotion process, a statistical research was carried out which had the following objectives: to determine the degree to which SMEs in Romania know the concepts of digital marketing; to identify whether these organizations have developed digital marketing strategies; to identify whether there are people or groups of people who are responsible for digital marketing activities at the organization level.
Measuring the Innovation of Economy throught Global and European Tools
Authors: Marcela Pop Delia , Teodor Pop Mircea
Published: July 2018

Global and European innovation assessment and measurement represents a means by which relevant analyses of the innovative process can be carried out, as well as long-term strategies that aim at sustainable economic development. Measurement of innovation is carried out by specialized bodies through specialized studies, using relevant indicators whose number and definition have been modified over time as needed. This paper proposes a comparative analysis of the assessments of a country performances in innovation by means of a global measurement tool (Global Innovation Index) and of a European one (European Innovation Scoreboard).
Microstructure and mechanical properties of pure copper subjected to skin pass asymmetric rolling
Authors: Luo Dongzhi , Lu Cheng , Su Lihong
Published: July 2018

Pure copper after 300°C annealing has been processed by skin pass asymmetric rolling up to small and medium total reductions in this work to study the evolution of microstructure, mechanical properties and texture. Subsequent EBSD characterization shows that after 300 °C annealing, the grains equiaxed but the texture is still typical rolling texture. At small rolling reductions (5.0% and 11.8%), the microstructure did not change much, the stress increased, and the ductility were still high (>20%), and the texture remained the same. At higher rolling reduction (32.0%), the grains were refined, the stress increased but the ductility decreased at the same time, and the texture remained the same. At medium rolling reduction (63.6%), the grains were further refined, the stress further increased, and the ductility further decreased, and the texture changed from typical rolling texture to shear texture at the edge and rolling texture at the centre.
Evaluation of the sinking processes for high-pressure-gas cylinders
Authors: Lin Heng-Sheng , Lee Chien-Yu , Lin Chia-Jung , Fu Ho-Chung
Published: July 2018

High-pressure-gas cylinders are used in broad applications. Cracks on the open end would occur during the riveting stage. Such forming defects are caused by excessive hardening, although the open end has been annealed with induction heating prior to the sinking operation. Therefore, a proper design for the sinking dies is essential to the forming production of the HPG cylinders. In this paper, two die-design concepts were examined which included the conventional design for six-stage sinking with fixed die radius, and the economic design for five-stage sinking with incremental die radii. Finite element software DEFORM 2D was used to investigate the two sinking schemes. The effect of the sinking schemes on the sinking load, strain distribution, and lip thickness were analysed. The results show that the economic five-stage sinking with a large increment of die radii can provide less strain hardening as compared to other sinking schemes. Although the forming load level is acceptable and the change of lip thickness is insignificant, the production cost of the five-stage scheme is still high. A more economic measure by sinking with one-stage rotary swaging can provide an alternative scheme with advantages of simple die design and saving the lead for annealing.
Artificial intelligence in safety system
Authors: Chen Li-Shan , Tseng Yen-Ming , Lin Xiao-Na
Published: July 2018

This research aims to study learning environment, and let the learning environment become smart. Swarm intelligence, cloud computing, and active Ultra-High Frequency RFID were used on it. We built friendly human-computer-interface software for users to use as pad phone. The Extensible Markup Language (XML) and C sharp language were used in this research. If the users begin to search, the kernel safety learning system automatically communicates with other RFID readers by agents, and the agents can search the closer camera for users. This study’s result has successfully implemented to Chin-Huo educational organization, and it would be helpful for the paterfamilias to hold all situations about their children at Chin-Huo educational organization. Paterfamilias can understand their children’s learning, going to Chin-Huo and leaving Chin-Huo through personal computers, or notebooks simultaneously or asynchronously by the computer-mediated communication. That will be great help in the grip of whole after-school remedial education, teaching and learning situation.
Analyses of contact forces and kinetic motion on heavy load ball-screw
Authors: Wei Chin-Chung , Kao Wen-Hsien
Published: July 2018

Effects of contact angle and groove factor of a heavy load ball-screw are discussed with the variation of contact forces at eight ball circulations. Contact forces are varying as a sinusoidal function of each circulation owing to the variation of phase angle. With the increase of contact angles, contact forces at each ball circulation are decreased and variation in each ball circulation. The decrease of the contact forces means that the contact stresses of contact areas are reduced. Fatigue life of raceways can thus be extended. Low groove factor can reduce skidding speed and friction coefficient. By the analyzing results, optimal transmission performance can be achieved in a heavy-loaded ball-screw.
A novel flexible tool with rotary ultrasonic spindle for fine grinding of tungsten carbide
Authors: Hsue Albert Wen-Jeng , Zheng Yi-Zhong
Published: July 2018

Tungsten carbide is a typical difficult-to-cut material by conventional machining processes. In this paper, a novel design of flexible abrasives tool combined with a rotary ultrasonic machining (RUM) spindle is conducted to reduce the labor force significantly. The newly designed flexibility of tool-tip is aimed at preventing overcutting from the CNC grinding. The grinding conditions with resulted surface morphology of the tungsten steel were investigated through Taguchi design of experiment and ANOVA analysis. The machining capability of the novel flexible tool is compared with conventional tools through specific grinding paths under proper operational conditions.
Study on forging process and die design of parking sensor shell
Authors: Yang Tung-Sheng , -Yuan Li Jhong
Published: July 2018

The process of precision forging has been developed recently because of its advantages of giving high production rates and improved strength. For complete filling up, predicting the power requirement and final shape are important features of the forging process. A finite element method is used to investigate the forging force, the final shape and the stress distribution of the parking sensor shell forging. The stress-strain curve of AL-6082 is obtained by the computerized screw universal testing machine. The friction factor between AL-6082 alloy and die material (SKD11) are determined by using ring compression test. Stress-strain curve and fiction factor are then applied to the finite element analysis of the parking sensor shell forging. Maximum forging load, effective stress distribution and shape dimensions are determined of the parking sensor shell forging, using the finite element analysis. Then the parking sensor shells are formed by the forging machine. Finally, the experimental data are compared with the results of the current simulation for the forging force and shape dimensions of the parking sensor shell.
Bee colony optimization with Taguchi method for solving the dynamic economic dispatch
Authors: Tu Chia-Sheng , Huang Hsi-Shan , Tsai Ming-Tang , Cheng Fu-Sheng
Published: July 2018

Dynamic economic dispatch is to minimize the cost of power production of all the participating generators over a time horizon of 24 hours in one day. The dynamic economic dispatch with non-smooth cost functions, for which is formulated the optimal dispatch model of generations by considering the ramp up/down scheduling of power. This paper presents a Bee Colony Optimization (BCO) that applies the Taguchi Method (TM) to solve the Dynamic Economic Dispatch problem. The Taguchi method that involves the use of orthogonal arrays in estimating of the non-smooth cost function and Bee Colony Optimization is used to find the objective function under the operational of system constraints. The Taguchi method can global optimization for fast local convergence by minimizing the cost function in a few iterations. The effectiveness and efficiency of the TM-BCO is demonstrated by using a 10 unit of IEEE case with non-smooth fuel cost functions and is more effective than other previously developed algorithms. Moreover, the proposed approach presents significant computational benefits than traditional random search method especially for multi-unit systems with larger numbers of non-smooth cost functions and more complicated dynamic economic dispatch.
The implementation of an interactive gaming machine of “Mafia Wars”
Authors: Tsai Jsung-Ta , Tseng Yen-Ming , Muzakki Firmansyah Andrian
Published: July 2018

This article describes the implementation of a gaming machine of “Mafia Wars” using Arduino UNO board and some other electrical components for the construction. The gaming machine is designed by the following items, such as game story setting, interactive elements for the game play, game art, state machine for the game process, coding, electrical components, and hardware construction, etc. There are INTRO, ROULETTE, SLAP, WAR and End Round states in this game. Some important interactive mechanisms with Arduino board for the gaming machine are designed and illustrated in this study. The hardware of the gaming machine consists of an Arduino UNO, a LCD screen, a photo resistor, several resistors, LEDs, buttons, plastic coins, game art decoration and the wood shielding box. Finally, the resultant functions of the gaming machine are tested by playing and the testing results demonstrate the good working performance.
Myokardinfarkt bei jungem Seminompatient während Chemotherapie mit Cisplatin, Etoposid und Bleomycin (PEB-Schema)
Authors: Brinkmann Mathias , Tallone Ezequiel Marcelo , Würschmidt Florian , Wülfing Christian , Dieckmann Klaus-Peter
Published: July 2018

Einleitung Die Keimzelltumoren des Hodens können durch Chemotherapie mit Cisplatin, Etoposid und Bleomycin (PEB) in weit über 90 % aller Fälle geheilt werden. Die Chemotherapie wird von den zumeist jungen Männern ohne schwerwiegende Komplikationen toleriert. Kardiovaskuläre Komplikationen sind äußerst selten, sind aber in den letzten Jahren zunehmend in den Fokus geraten.

Fallbericht Ein 33-jähriger Mann mit testikulärem Seminom im klinischen Stadium 2b wurde einer PEB-Chemotherapie unterzogen. Am Ende des ersten Zyklus dieser Therapie ereignete sich ein akuter ST-Hebungs-Infarkt (STEMI). Die Koronarangiografie zeigte eine umschriebene Stenose im proximalen Ramus circumflexus der linken Koronararterie mit einer Dissektion und thrombotischer Auflagerung bei sonst unauffälligem Gefäßstatus. Die Stenose konnte durch Stenteinlage versorgt werden. Die Seminomtherapie wurde fortgesetzt durch Strahlentherapie mit 30 Gy. Es wurde eine komplette Remission erreicht. 6 Monate später ist der Patient herzgesund und rezidivfrei.

Kommentar Bei etwa 0,3 % aller Chemotherapien bei Hodentumorpatienten treten schwerwiegende kardiovaskuläre Komplikationen auf. Als Ursache wird ein direkter Endothelschaden durch Cisplatin mit konsekutiver thrombotischer Auflagerung vermutet. Aufgrund fehlender Komorbidität ist die Prognose dieser Komplikationen zumeist günstig. Die behandelnden Personen sollen von dieser seltenen Komplikationsmöglichkeit wissen, damit im gegebenen Fall eine unverzügliche Diagnostik und Therapie eingeleitet werden kann.
Der Pflegekomplexmaßnahmen-Score: Paradigmenwechsel im G-DRG System oder Tropfen auf den heißen Stein? Eine Sekundäranalyse auf Basis von
Abrechnungsdaten
Authors: Olivier Matthias , Boeker Martin , Hanser Susanne , Hehn Philip , Kaier Klaus
Published: July 2018

Ziel der Studie Die Einführung des Pflegekomplexmaßnahmen-Score (PKMS) wird oft als Paradigmenwechsel im G-DRG-System bezeichnet. Ziel dieser Arbeit war
es, die durch das PKMS entstehende Anreizwirkung innerhalb des G-DRG-Systems zu analysieren.

Methodik Mit Hilfe einer Sekundäranalyse mit Routine-Abrechnungsdaten wurden dazu alle im Jahr 2014 am Universitätsklinikum Freiburg behandelten
PKMS-Fälle untersucht.

Ergebnisse Die durchschnittliche Mittlere Verweildauer der abgerechneten DRGs wurde von den PKMS-Patienten deutlich überschritten (16,5 Tage oder um 77,8
%, p < 0.001). Bei Annahme durchschnittlicher Krankenhauskosten reichen die im PKMS-System vorgesehenen Zusatzentgelte bei weitem nicht aus, um die Kosten
der Verweildauerüberschreitungen zu kompensieren.

Schlussfolgerung Obwohl ein gewisser kompensatorischer Effekt des Zusatzentgeltes nicht ausgeschlossen werden kann, muss davon ausgegangen werden, dass
die durch das PKMS-E-System gewährten Zusatzentgelte schlicht zu niedrig sind, um einen Einfluss auf die im G-DRG-System enthaltenen Anreize zur
Verweildauerreduktion zu entfalten.
Über das Gehirn hinaus
Authors: Walter H.
Published: July 2018

Mentale Prozesse sind Hirnprozesse – das ist das Credo der kognitiven Neurowissenschaft. Entgegen dieser internalistischen Sichtweise werde ich dafür argumentieren, dass mentale Prozesse über das Gehirn hinausgehen. Der Grund dafür ist, dass der Gehalt eines mentalen Prozesses, seine Bedeutung, nicht allein durch gehirninterne, sondern durch externe Faktoren mitbestimmt ist. In diesem Artikel werde ich zwei philosophische Argumente dafür erörtern, das Argument der Gleichwertigkeit und ein teleosemantisches Argument. Kognitive Prozesse sind ihrer Natur nach Vorgänge, die über das Hirn hinausgehen, da sie durch einen handelnden, verkörperten, in seiner Umwelt situierten Organismus realisiert werden. Ich werde dann zwei aktuelle Diskussionsstränge aus Philosophie und Neurowissenschaft darstellen, die unser herkömmliches Verständnis des Mentalen in Frage stellen: den radikalen Enaktivismus einerseits und die These der vorausschauenden Verarbeitung (predictive processing) andererseits. Dabei wird sich zeigen, dass überraschenderweise der radikale Enaktivismus eliminative Tendenzen aufweist, während die These der vorausschauenden Verarbeitung zwar mit externalistischen Thesen kompatibel ist, aber internen Hirnprozessen eine entscheidende Rolle für eine Theorie des Mentalen zuweist.
Gedankenlesen aus der Hirnaktivität?
Authors: Haynes J.-D.
Published: July 2018

Kann man auf der Basis der Gehirnaktivität einer Person bestimmen, was sie gerade denkt und fühlt? Im Forschungsgebiet des „Brain-Reading” (wörtlich: Gehirnlesen) wird untersucht, inwiefern es möglich ist, aus den Hirnprozessen einer Person auf ihre Gedankeninhalte zu schließen. Die Grundidee ist, dass jeder Gedanke mit einem charakteristischen Aktivierungsmuster im Gehirn einhergeht. Trainiert man einen Computer darauf, solche Muster zu erkennen, wird es möglich, die Gedanken einer Person allein aus der Hirnaktivität auszulesen. Bereits heute sind eine Reihe verschiedener Gedanken ausgelesen worden. Dazu zählen visuelle Wahrnehmungen und Vorstellungen, Erinnerungen, Absichten, Gefühle und Trauminhalte. Es ist bisweilen sogar möglich, aus der Hirnaktivität mehr über die mentalen Prozesse einer Person auszulesen, als ihr selbst bewusst ist. So kann man in bestimmten Situationen Absichten, bereits mehrere Sekunden bevor sie das Bewusstsein erreichen, auslesen. Trotz der erheblichen Erfolge in den letzten Jahren stößt das „Brain-Reading” jedoch auch schnell an Grenzen. So ist es zum Beispiel aus prinzipiellen Gründen schwierig, beliebige Gedanken auszulesen oder Erkenntnisse von einer Person auf andere zu übertragen. Es ist also noch ein langer Weg bis zu einer hypothetischen „universellen Gedankenlesemaschine”, bei der die beliebigen Gedanken einer beliebigen Versuchsperson auf Anhieb ausgelesen werden können. Es zeichnen sich mit heute verfügbaren Ansätzen bereits zwar einige Anwendungsmöglichkeiten ab, wie etwa in der Forensik und Kriminologie, in der Steuerung von Computern und künstlichen Prothesen mittels der Hirnaktivität, oder auch im „Neuromarketing”. Allerdings sind diese Techniken weit von der Anwendungsreife entfernt. Außerdem stellen sich vor ihrem Einsatz erhebliche ethische Fragen.
Enormes professionelles Unverständnis gegenüber Traumatisierten
Authors: Gerke J. , Rassenhofer M. , Fegert J. M.
Published: July 2018

Betroffene fortgesetzter sexueller Gewalt und schwer belastete, multiplen frühen Kindheitsbelastungen ausgesetzte Personen empfinden die aussagepsychologische Methode der Glaubhaftigkeitsbegutachtung häufig als Zumutung.

Klinische und neuropsychologische Befunde zu Gedächtnisleistungen nach kindlicher Traumatisierung implizieren, dass gerade für Menschen, die fortgesetzte, chronische Misshandlungs- und Missbrauchserfahrungen gemacht haben, die Anwendung der kriterienbasierten aussagepsychologischen Begutachtung nicht angemessen ist. Strukturelle Veränderungen in Nervensystem und Stressachse führen zu Einschränkungen der Gedächtnisleistung, die es in Kombination mit häufig zusätzlich vorliegenden komplexen psychischen Traumafolgestörungen unmöglich machen, einzelne, zumeist lange zurückliegende Ereignisse als distinkte Einzeltaten zu beschreiben. Zudem ist die im Strafrecht gebotene Ausrichtung auf maximale Spezifität und Verhinderung von falsch positiven Feststellungen in anderen Rechtsgebieten inadäquat. Ein wissenschaftliches aber auch rechtspolitisches Hinterfragen dieses deutschen Sonderwegs erscheint angezeigt.
Local causal states and discrete coherent structures
Authors: Rupe Adam , Crutchfield James P.
Published: July 2018

Coherent structures form spontaneously in nonlinear spatiotemporal systems and are found at all spatial scales in natural phenomena from laboratory hydrodynamic flows and chemical reactions to ocean, atmosphere, and planetary climate dynamics. Phenomenologically, they appear as key components that organize the macroscopic behaviors in such systems. Despite a century of effort, they have eluded rigorous analysis and empirical prediction, with progress being made only recently. As a step in this, we present a formal theory of coherent structures in fully discrete dynamical field theories. It builds on the notion of structure introduced by computational mechanics, generalizing it to a local spatiotemporal setting. The analysis’ main tool employs the local causal states, which are used to uncover a system’s hidden spatiotemporal symmetries and which identify coherent structures as spatially localized deviations from those symmetries. The approach is behavior-driven in the sense that it does not rely on directly analyzing spatiotemporal equations of motion, rather it considers only the spatiotemporal fields a system generates. As such, it offers an unsupervised approach to discover and describe coherent structures. We illustrate the approach by analyzing coherent structures generated by elementary cellular automata, comparing the results with an earlier, dynamic-invariant-set approach that decomposes fields into domains, particles, and particle interactions.
Structure, microparameters and properties of crosslinked DGEBA/MTHPA: A molecular dynamics simulation
Authors: Xie Qing , Liang Shaodong , Liu Bowen , Fu Kexin , Zhan Zhenyu , Lu Lu , Yang Xueming , Lü Fangcheng , Huang Zhengyong
Published: July 2018

Investigating the relationship between microstructure and macroscopic properties of epoxy resin (EP) materials for high-voltage insulation at the molecular level can provide theoretical guidance for the synthetic design of EP. Here, using diglycidyl ether (DGEBA) as the resin matrix and methyl tetrahydrophthalic anhydride (MTHPA) as the curing agent, a set of crosslinked EP molecular models at different curing stages were constructed based on the proposed crosslinking method. We studied the influences of crosslinking density on micro-parameters and macro-properties employing molecular dynamics (MD) simulations. The results indicate that crosslinking of DGEBA/MTHPA is a contraction and exothermic process. The structural parameters and macroscopic properties are closely related to the degree of crosslinking. With the increase of crosslinking density, the mean square displacement (MSD) of the system decreases, and the segment motion in the models is weakened gradually, while, the fractional free volume (FFV) first decreases and then increases. In addition, the thermal and mechanical properties of DGEBA/MTHPA have a significant dependence on the crosslinking density. Increasing crosslinking density can improve the glass transition temperature (Tg), reduce the coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE), and enhances the static mechanical properties of DGEBA/MTHPA system. Furthermore, the relationship between microparameters and properties has been fully investigated. Free volume is an important factor that causes thermal expansion of DGEBA/MTHPA. Moreover, there is a negative correlation between MSD and mechanical moduli. By elevating temperature, the decline in mechanical moduli may be due to the exacerbated thermal motion of the molecules and the increasing MSD values.
Improved bilayer phosphorene TFET inverter performance by reduction of ambipolarity
Authors: Paul Dip Joti , Khosru Quazi D. M.
Published: July 2018

A comprehensive study on the degradation of inverter output voltage based on double-gated (DG) bilayer Phosphorene complementary tunnel-FETs is presented. This degradation occurs for supply voltage (VDD) larger than the bandgap value of the channel material. Simulated load-lines of n-TFET and p-TFET confirm that this degradation happens due to the high ambipolarity of homojunction DG tunnel-FETs. But ambipolarity can be suppressed effectively in both homojunction n-TFET and p-TFET using dual-material gate (DMG) structure. It is shown that by appropriately choosing the gate materials of DMG TFET, improved voltage transfer characteristics (VTC) can be obtained for DMG TFET based inverter.
Circadian control of
ORE1
by PRR9 positively regulates leaf senescence in
Arabidopsis
Authors: Kim Hyunmin , Kim Hyo Jung , Vu Quy Thi , Jung Sukjoon , McClung C. Robertson , Hong Sunghyun , Nam Hong Gil
Published: July 2018

Significance

The circadian clock is involved in aging in animals, where mutations in core clock genes accelerate aging. However, little is known about the relationship between aging and the circadian clock in plants. Using the well-studied process of leaf senescence in
Arabidopsis
, a higher plant, as a model for aging, we show that the circadian clock has a critical role in regulating the aging process in plants. Specifically, we show that PSEUDO-RESPONSE REGULATOR 9 (PRR9), a core clock component, positively regulates leaf senescence.
ORESARA 1
(
ORE1
), an aging regulator, is controlled by PRR9 via direct transcriptional activation and indirectly by suppressing
miR164
, a posttranscriptional repressor of
ORE1
, thus forming a coherent feed-forward regulatory loop.
The acquisition of relative clauses in Russian and Polish in monolingual and bilingual children
Authors: Peeters-Podgaevskaja Alla V. , Janssen Bibi E. , Baker Anne E.
Published: July 2018

In this paper, we present the results on (re)production of relative clauses in a sentence repetition task by Russian and Polish monolingual and bilingual children (3;6–6;6 years). Russian and Polish both involve overt case marking in the relative clause formation, but the case marking in Polish is more regular and transparent. Our results suggest that, when case marking is the only disambiguating cue, its transparency and regularity contributes to a significantly better performance. This explains why the Polish children, both monolingual and bilingual, were more successful in reproduction of subject and object relatives compared to their Russian peers.
Anthropometric profiles are associated with long‐term career attainment in elite junior rowers: A retrospective analysis covering 23 years
Authors: Winkert Kay , Steinacker Jürgen M. , Machus Katja , Dreyhaupt Jens , Treff Gunnar
Published: July 2018

Introduction:Successful rowers are heavier and taller than their opponents, but the effect of these variables on long‐term career attainment in juniors has not been examined. We therefore analysed this in a large sample of elite German junior rowers.Methods: Former German Junior National Team rowers (N= 910; 399 females) were grouped according to their highest career attainment, i.e., participation in U19‐, U23‐, Senior World Championships or Olympic Games (OG). Differences in standing height (SH), body mass (BM) and body mass index (BMI) between groups were analysed using unpairedt‐tests and magnitude‐based inferences (MBI), effects of anthropometrics on career attainment were analysed with a proportional odds model. Interquartile ranges of the OG group were used to define normative data ranges.Results: SH and BMIvery likelydiffered between career attainment in females. The same was found in males for SH and BM. BM (odds ratio (OR) = 0.958,P= .0171) and BMI (OR= 0.787,P= .0004) had a significant effect on career attainment in females as SH (OR= 1.072,P= .0002) and BM (OR= 1.049,P= .0004) had in males. Interquartile ranges of SH and BM were 178–184 cm and 68–73 kg in females, 190–196 cm and 84–93 kg in males.Conclusion: Anthropometric characteristics at junior age affect long‐term career attainment even within elite U19 National Team rowers, underlining the relevance of anthropometric assessments and their consideration for talent identification and development programmes in rowing. We provide evidence‐based normative data that rule out an anthropometric limitation of junior rowers for career progression to Olympic level.
Interaction between pollution and climate change augments ecological risk to a coastal ecosystem
Authors: Lu Yonglong , Wang Ruoshi , Shi Yajuan , Su Chao , Yuan Jingjing , Johnson Andrew C. , Jenkins Alan , Ferrier Robert C. , Chen Deliang , Tian Hanqin , Melillo Jerry , Song Shuai , Ellison Aaron M.
Published: July 2018

Pollution and climate change are among the most challenging issues for countries with developing economies, but we know little about the ecological risks that result when these pressures occur together. We explored direct effects of, and interactions between, environmental pollution and climate change on ecosystem health in the Bohai Sea region of Northern China. We developed an integrated approach to assess ecological risks to this region under four scenarios of climate change. Although ecological risks to the system from pollution alone have been declining, interactions between pollution and climate change have enhanced ecological risks to this coastal/marine ecosystem. Our results suggest that current policies focused strictly on pollution control alone should be changed to take into account the interactive effects of climate change so as to better forecast and manage potential ecological risks.