bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Estimation of Some Population Parameters of Squalius cephalus (Linnaeus 1758) in Tabakane Stream (Ordu-Turkey)
Authors: YEDIER Serdar
Published: January 2022

The purpose of this study is to estimate some population parameters such as length-length and length-weight relationships and condition factor of Squalius cephalus individuals living in Tabakane Stream (Ordu-Turkey). A total of 326 S. cephalus individuals were sampled from Tabakane Stream, located in Ünye district in the Ordu province, by using an electroshocker. It was determined that the mean total, fork and standard lengths of the fish samples were 7.58±0.143 cm, 7.06±0.133 cm, and 6.30±0.121 cm, respectively, and their average weight was 6.05±0.322 g. The length-weight relationship of the species was calculated as W=0.0088TL3.0648 R²=0.993. As a result of our analyzes, it was determined that the S. cephalus population in Tabakane Stream showed a positive allometric growth. In the present study, it was determined that the 95% confidence interval of the b value in the length-weight relationship equation was between 3.0566-3.0678 and there was a strong relationship between body weight and total length. Relationship equations between total, fork and standard lengths were calculated as TL=1.0724FL+0.0086 (r2=0.9978), TL=1.1763SL+0.167 (r2=0.9972), and FL=1.0961SL+0.1529 (r2=0.9979) and it was determined that there are strong relationships between standard, fork and total length measurements of S. cephalus individuals living in Tabakane Stream. It was determined that the condition factor values of S. cephalus ranged between 0.73971 and 1.27570. The average condition factor was 0.99831±0.005. There is no previous study on the population of S. cephalus living in Tabakane Stream. In this study, the condition factor, length-weight and length-length relationships of S. cephalus in this habitat were reported for the first time.
Eine neue bibliographische Sammlung zu europäischen Orts-, Flur- und Gewässernamen – Hinweise zur Benutzung
Authors: Udolp Jürgen
Published: January 2022

In dem Beitrag geht es um eine seit einigen Monaten im Internet frei zugänglichen Datei von mit ca. 450.000 geographischen Namen. Sie ist mit dem Titel Nomina Geographica Europaea. Bibliographische Sammlung zu europäischen Orts-, Flur- und Gewässernamen unter der folgenden Internet-Adresse erreichbar: https://adw-verwaltung.uni-goettingen.de/ortsnamen/images_lightbox.php/. In dem Text wird die Datei näher beschrieben. Es werden Entstehung, Prinzipien und Aufbau näher umrissen und darauf verwiesen, dass die Nutzung völlig frei ist und für alle Interessierten offen steht. Im zweiten Teil des Beitrages wird an einem Beispiel, das der Wanderung slavischer Stämme auf den Balkan gezeigt, wie die Datei mit ihrer großen Fülle von Daten genutzt werden kann: die Sammlung der geographischen Namen erlaubt es dank der darin enthaltenen Angaben, Kartierungen zu erstellen, deren Ergebnisse für die Frage, auf welchen Wegen slavische Stämme den Weg nach Süden genommen haben, wichtig sind.
Obraz pacjenta w opisach przypadku z psychologii / psychiatrii na tle opisów z dziedzin kliniczno-diagnostycznych. Studium kontrastywne wybranych elementów narracyjnych
Authors: Zabielska Magdalena , Żelazowska-Sobczyk Magda
Published: January 2022

Celem niniejszego artykułu jest charakterystyka poszczególnych części jednej / kilku podsekcji kliniczno-diagnostycznych opisów przypadku w porównaniu z opisami z zakresu psychologii i psychiatrii w celu zbadania i przedstawienia charakterystyki narracji jako elementu rozróżniającego oba te mikrogatunki. Jest to fragment, w którym opisywany jest dany przypadek choroby u pacjenta. Pomniejszym zadaniem jest analiza tego, w jaki sposób różnice między tymi dziedzinami wpływają na charakter narracji i użytych w niej środków językowych w opisie pacjenta i jego choroby, co z kolei ma wpływ na jego obraz w całym tekście. Analiza ta została przeprowadzona w dwóch grupach tekstów: w 30 opisach przypadku z czasopism „Pneumonologia i Alergologia Polska” („Advances in Respiratory Medicine”) (18), „Otolaryngologia Polska” (8), „Choroby Serca i Naczyń” (2), oraz po jednym z „Arterial Hypertension” oraz „Folia Cardiologica”, opublikowanych między 2006 a 2021 rokiem i obejmujących różne dziedziny medycyny; oraz w 30 psychiatrycznych i psychologicznych opisach przypadków z trzech polskich czasopism specjalistycznych: „Psychiatria”, „Psychiatria i Psychologia Kliniczna” oraz „Psychiatria Polska”, opublikowanych w latach 2006–2021. Wyniki pokazują zdecydowanie inny charakter narracji oraz różnice w użytej leksyce, które wynikają głównie z rozbieżności strukturalnych tekstów. Te z kolei są pochodną różnic między medycyną kliniczną a psychiatrią i psychologią. W rezultacie mamy do czynienia z narracyjnym i całościowym obrazem pacjenta w tekstach psychiatrycznych i psychologicznych oraz technicznym i częściowym przedstawieniem pacjenta w tekstach kliniczno-diagnostycznych. Wyniki tego typu badań mogą posłużyć jako przyczynek: po pierwsze, do przygotowania poradnika dla lekarzy i studentów – adeptów sztuki medycznej – jak ująć perspektywę pacjenta w „technicznych” opisach; po drugie, w ujęciu dydaktycznym, do stworzenia gotowych list słownictwa / wyrażeń dla studentów medycyny, lekarzy, jak i lingwistów (przyszłych tłumaczy i lektorów) do wykorzystania podczas zajęć z terminologii medycznej.
Linguistic politeness in Polish social media – an overview of the problem
Authors: Kępa-Figura Danuta
Published: January 2022

The main objective of this article is to formulate the principles of linguistic politeness that are operative in Polish social media (SM). The analysis focuses on the most popular SM in Poland – Facebook. The research has shown that the form of linguistic politeness operative in SM depends on: technical functionality; talking about oneself and using indirect speech acts is a commonly accepted behaviour in SM; verbal and non-verbal messages are considered equivalent acts of linguistic politeness; the most important cultural principles underlying linguistic politeness in SM are an orientation towards sincerity of conversation and a ridiculing attitude towards reality. Although the manifestations of the traditional and the social media model of linguistic politeness differ, both use the same communication script: conforming to the expectations of the recipient.
Czy to słowa (wyłącznie) białostockie? Rozważania o statusie leksykalnym wyrazów uznawanych za regionalizmy w Białymstoku i okolicach
Authors: Popławski Emil
Published: January 2022

Autor artykułu, na podstawie dostępnych danych leksykalnych (ze słowników języka polskiego oraz Słownika gwar polskich PAN i jego kartoteki), weryfikuje status wyrazów (i kilku frazeologizmów) uznawanych za regionalizmy białostockie (łącznie 83 jednostki). Przedstawiono je w artykule Piotra Wróblewskiego Regionalizmy w języku inteligencji białostockiej (1981), stanowiącym swoisty raport z wieloletnich obserwacji bezpośrednich badacza. Autor niniejszego artykułu zadaje następujące pytania: Czy te leksemy występują (występowały) poza badanym obszarem i w jakiej odmianie języka? Okazuje się, że tylko nieliczne (w sumie 12) można bez większych wątpliwości uznać za regionalizmy, np.: dętka ‘rodzaj ozdoby na choinkę, bombka’, pacan ‘człowiek niskiego wzrostu’, sokotać ‘gderać’. Z drugiej strony – niektóre wyrazy (w sumie 14) zalicza się do tej grupy intuicyjnie. Znaczna część leksemów poddanych analizie jest w języku znana – z innych odmian, czasów, stylów czy terenów występowania. Przeprowadzona weryfikacja po raz kolejny potwierdziła tezę o niewielkim zróżnicowaniu regionalnym polszczyzny w zakresie leksyki. Taki stan rzeczy utrudnia identyfikację regionalizmów. Ukazuje jednak polszczyznę jako język względnie jednolity, nieprzysparzający większych kłopotów w komunikacji między mieszkańcami poszczególnych regionów Polski. Ta sytuacja zasługuje na podkreślenie, zwłaszcza na tle (nieraz znacznych) różnic regionalnych w języku obecnych w wielu krajach. Ponadto autor dołącza do badaczy, którzy wskazują na dużą potrzebę precyzowania terminu regionalizm w odniesieniu do języka polskiego. Do artykułu dodano obszerny aneks zawierający dane o analizowanych wyrazach i frazeologizmach pozyskane z uwzględnionych źródeł leksykograficznych.
Satellite-framed or verb-framed? Towards a typology of motion events in English as a lingua franca
Authors: Piątkowska Katarzyna
Published: January 2022

The present paper analyzes English as a lingua franca (ELF) from the perspective of Talmy’s (2000b) typology, which divides languages into S- and V-types. S-languages express the path of motion in a verb particle and the manner of motion in a verb, while V-languages encode the path in a verb and manner in an adverbial. Talmy’s (2000b) typology has been felicitously applied in research on standard languages. However, studies on dialects (Berthele 2004) have shown that a division into S- and V-categories may not be sufficient in the case of contact languages. To test this hypothesis, we apply Talmy’s (2000b) typological distinction to English as a lingua franca. Based on the results of a qualitative pilot study among Polish users of English, we demonstrate that although Polish and English are both classified as S-languages according to Talmy’s (2000b) typology, ELF – a contact language between them – reveals characteristics not yet classified as belonging to either S- or V-types. We thus conclude that Talmy’s (2000b, 2017) dichotomous distinction is in need of further refinements to be applicable in the context of ELF.
„Stopnie wojskowe to nie rzeczowniki, dlatego też nie mają rodzaju” . Socjolingwistyczne aspekty dyskusji o feminizacji stopni wojskowych w Niemczech
Authors: Mikołajczyk Beata
Published: January 2022

W artykule przedstawiono analizę komentarzy internetowych odnoszących się do feminizacji rzeczowników tytularnych w ramach dyskusji, która przetoczyła się przez niemieckie media we wrześniu 2020 roku na temat planów Federalnego Ministerstwa Obrony dotyczących wprowadzenia żeńskich odpowiedników dotychczasowych stopni wojskowych. Na zebranym obszernym materiale badawczym pokazano i przedyskutowano argumenty natury społecznej oraz lingwistycznej, przy czym wskazano te, które nie dopuściły do wprowadzenia zmian planowanych odgórnie. Analiza dotyczyła relewantnych aspektów socjolingwistycznych, w tym – relacji między procesami zachodzącymi współcześnie zarówno w niemieckim społeczeństwie, jak i w języku ogólnym a rozwojem socjolektu wojskowego. Ponadto wskazano na istotne związki wartości konstututywnych dla wspólnoty wojskowej i praktyk komunikacyjnych w jej obrębie. Te zależności wpływają – z jednej strony – na wybór form językowych używanych w codziennej praktyce komunikacji w wojsku, z drugiej natomiast – determinują czynniki istotnie wpływające na rozwój socjolektu (jego form językowych oraz skryptów zachowań). W dyskusji zarysowano również historyczne determinanty stosunku do feminatywów w wojsku. Podkreślono specyfikę wspólnoty komunikatywnej, która stwarza możliwość formalnego, odgórnego wprowadzenia istotnych zmian także w rutynach językowych (jak choćby omawiana feminizacja stopni wojskowych). Przeprowadzona analiza komentarzy sformułowanych online wykazuje dużą świadomość językową członków wspólnoty wojskowej, także w odniesieniu do – trudno poddających się zmianom – skryptów zachowań. Przeprowadzona analiza pozwoliła nakreślić specyfikę funkcjonowania sytemu adresatywnego w socjolekcie wojskowym oraz sformułować wnioski na temat jej wpływu na feminizację rzeczowników tytularnych.
Emergent Literacy in Bilingual Children
Authors: Dębski Robert , Rabiej Agnieszka
Published: January 2022

The objective of the article is to (1) explain the role of emergent literacy in the community language in developing literacy in the additional language and biliteracy, and (2) demonstrate the need to develop resources supporting emergent reading skills in community languages in Australia. A critical review of literature in the field of emergent literacy and bilingual language development shows that the interaction between languages in the development of biliteracy is complex, but overall it demonstrates a positive impact of emergent literacy in the community language on the development of literacy skills in the additional language in later years. The article presents emergent literacy example materials, targeting bilingual children in Australia with Polish backgrounds, and explains the design considerations underpinning their development. A particular emphasis is on explaining how the materials have been designed to (1) stress the presence of different cultures and languages in the children’s environment (2) teach how to transfer reading skills and behaviours from Polish into English, and (3) emphasise those specific grapheme-phoneme relations in Polish which present difficulties for children acquiring Polish and English. The authors conclude that opportunities for transfer of early reading skills and behaviours from a community language to an additional language can be enhanced by designing reading materials for positive transfer, because learners who are acquiring an additional language use the strategies which they find most useful in their first language. It may be equally important to develop reading materials and instruction in the mainstream language in a way that community-language-speaking children are able to draw upon the skills which they bring with them into the reading learning process at school from home.
Języki publikacji w polskiej humanistyce i w naukach społecznych
Authors: Zakrajewski Paweł , Warchał Krystyna
Published: January 2022

Transformacje społeczno-gospodarcze, przynależność do międzynarodowych wspólnot oraz aspiracje do osiągnięcia wysokiego poziomu badań naukowych i rozpoznawalności w świecie często wiążą się z publikowaniem w językach obcych. Celem artykułu jest omówienie wyników badania dotyczącego praktyk językowych stosowanych przez polskich badaczy reprezentujących dyscypliny nauk społecznych i humanistycznych. Badanie przeprowadzono przy pomocy kwestionariusza internetowego wśród naukowców z dwudziestu ośrodków akademickich w Polsce. Wyniki pozwoliły ustalić główne języki publikacji, określić udział publikacji w językach obcych w ich dorobku naukowym oraz poznać zamiary dotyczące dalszych wyborów językowych wraz z określeniem powodów jakimi kierują się przy podejmowaniu decyzji.
Handles of Early Iron Age Cauldrons from Southwestern Siberia
Authors: Borodovsky A. P.
Published: January 2022

Handles of Early Iron Age bronze cauldrons from southwestern Siberia are described with reference to their ritual meaning. Typological features, such as knobs, arcuate, or square shape, are relevant for dating. Two chronological groups are established: the Tagar (second half of the 1st millennium BC) and Xiongnu-Xianbei (late 1st millennium BC to early 1st millennium AD). The interpretation of handles depends on the context. At settlements (Turunovka-4) and in certain hoards (First Dzhirim) of the Late Bronze Age, they can belong to foundry scrap. However, handles occur in long-term ritual sites such as Aidashenskaya Cave, suggesting a different interpretation. Indeed, at Eastern European forest-steppe sites of the Xiongnu era, handles of cauldrons had been intentionally buried, most often near water sources, where the summer camps of nomadic herders were situated. A similar situation is observed in southwestern Siberia, from the Baraba forest-steppe to the Middle Yenisei valley.
The Pazyryk Style
Authors: Polosmak N. V.
Published: January 2022

This study demonstrates that certain similarities in the domestic artifacts, clothing, and weapons in the Pazyryk burials of the Altai, those in the oases of Xinjiang (Subashi, Yanghai, Jumbulak Kum, Wupu, Keriya, etc.), and those in the piedmont of the southern Altai Mountains, do not evidence a single culture. Such parallels in basic items are caused only by spatial proximity and contacts. Personal ornaments, decoration of utensils, weapons, and horse harness, and signs such as tattoos are more reliable cultural indicators. Every member of the Pazyryk society, regardless of age, was marked by a set of outward signs, distinguishing him or her from the neighbors. This set included tattoos, and also ornaments worn on the clothing, headgear and belt, and decorating the horse. The elaborate Pazyryk traditions of woodcarving enabled everyone to have equally meaningful ornaments, which, like the artistic tattoos, made him or her recognizable. The term “Pazyryk style” is proposed. Being the most exact cultural indicator, it extends to all elements of culture, uniting the Pazyryk people despite the fact that their lifestyle, subsistence, etc., were identical to those of their neighbors.
Criminal law policy of countering animal cruelty:a comparative study
Authors: Aseev Andrey Yu. , Chekmezova Elena I.
Published: January 2022

The subject of the research is the phenomenon of criminal law protection of animals from abuse. The purpose of the research is to provide likely analysis of the experience of establishing criminal liability for animal abuse in the post-Soviet countries, Western Europe and the United States. The methodological basis of the research consists of comparative legal, formal legal and systematic methods. In the course of the research, the specifics of the construction of criminal law norms providing for liability for animal abuse in foreign countries are determined. The focal points of the criminal law policy of countering animal cruelty in the sphere of criminalization of acts encroaching on public relations in the field of animal welfare are considered. The authors substantiate the possibility of assimilation into the Russian criminal law of a number of provisions of the criminal laws of foreign countries in terms of establishing liability for encroachment on the life of animals in order to ensure effective protection of social relations from negative development in the field of animal treatment.
Theoretical and methodological formationof the personal concept of a penitentiary criminal
Authors: Khokhrin Sergey A.
Published: January 2022

Introduction. The development of measures for the prevention and prevention of crime of convicts in correctional institutions implies the study of the personality of the penitentiary offender. The article attempts to generalize and periodize scientific trends about the personality of the criminal as a biological and sociological phenomenon.

Purpose: to analyze the formation of the concept of the personality of a penitentiary offender.

Methods: The article uses such general scientific research methods as: generalization, analysis and synthesis, concretization.

Results: The time indicators of the formation of the opinion of researchers about the need for in-depth development of problems associated with the concept of the personality of a criminal were determined. The stage of formation of a significant volume of criminal law and criminological knowledge about the personality of the criminal is subjected to a detailed analysis.

Conclusions: The author believes that the central element of any type of crime is the personality of the offender as a carrier of criminal behavior.
On the applicability of ARPS models in modelingand forecasting the dynamics of new cases of COVID-19 infection
Authors: Korotkov Mikhail G. , Petrov Aleksey A. , Kurkina Maria V.
Published: January 2022

The aim of the work is to study the applicability of the methodology for constructing ARIMA models in the problem of modeling and predicting the dynamics of new cases of coronavirus infection in the autumn-winter period of 2020 in the KhMAO-Yugra.
Development of a virtual reality simulator replacingthe check valve on christmas tree
Authors: Safonov Egor I. , Sokolkov Oleg I.
Published: January 2022

The article describes the process of designing and creating a software environment that allows in automatic mode to create a realistic landscape. A review of existing approaches to landscape generation is carried out, which have a set of disadvantages taken into account when developing a software environment. A diagram of components and main classes is described. The developed subroutine that implements the polygon mesh generation algorithm provides an interface for creating and editing a mesh of hexagons on a plane, used for simplified work with biomes, as well as detailing the boundaries of polygons to give the landscape elements of randomness and, as a result, realism. The process uses the Diamond Square noise generation algorithm. The docking algorithm is designed to reduce the gaps between the heights of different biomes. The erosion algorithm uses particles generated on a height mapto carry soil particles in accordance with physical laws. The user interface of the application and the results of the algorithms are presented.
Emergence of Low-Frequency Aftershocks of the 2019 Ridgecrest Earthquake Sequence
Authors: Tsuchiyama Ayako , Taira Taka’aki , Nakajima Junichi , Bürgmann Roland
Published: January 2022

Low-frequency earthquakes (LFEs) generally have relatively stronger spectral components in the lower frequency range compared with what is expected for regular earthquakes based on their magnitude. LFEs generally occur in volcanic systems or deep (>∼15 km) in plate boundary fault zones; however, LFEs have also been observed in nonvolcanic, upper crustal settings. Because there are few studies that explore the spatiotemporal behaviors of LFEs in the shallow crust, it remains unclear whether the shallow-crustal LFEs reflect local attenuation in their immediate vicinity or differences in their source mechanism. Therefore, it is important to identify shallow-crustal LFEs and to characterize their spatiotemporal activity, which may also improve our understanding of LFEs. In this study, we focus on detecting shallow-crustal LFEs and explore the possible generation mechanisms. We analyze 29,646 aftershocks in the 2019 Ridgecrest, California, earthquake sequence, by measuring the frequency index (FI) to identify candidate low-frequency aftershocks (LFAs), while accounting for the magnitude dependency of the FI. Using small earthquakes (ML 1–3) recorded in the borehole stations to minimize the attenuation effects in near-surface layers, we identify 68 clear LFAs in total. Based on their distribution and comparisons with other seismic parameters measured by Trugman (2020), the LFAs possess distinct features from regular events in the same depths range, including low corner frequencies and low stress drops. Events in the close vicinity of LFAs exhibit lower average FI values than regular aftershocks, particularly if the hypocentral distance between an LFA and its neighbors is less than 1 km. Our results suggest that LFAs are related to local heterogeneity or a highly fractured fault zone correlated with an abundance of cross faults induced by the aftershock sequence at shallow depths. Zones of high pore-fluid pressure in intensely fractured fault zones could cause the bandlimited nature of LFAs and LFEs in general.
Paisajes rurales: Identificación y caracterización de componentes de paisaje. Parroquia Cotaló. Tungurahua.
Authors: Miranda Paredes Linda Elizabeth , Peñaherrera Pachar Paula Belén , Nahim Jorgge Patiño Alexis
Published: January 2022

Los paisajes rurales en la serranía ecuatoriana guardan rasgos diversos, comunes, singulares. Sin embargo, cada sector tiene su propia identidad y características que los hacen únicos e irrepetibles; en el caso de Cotaló, parroquia del cantón Pelileo se encuentran paisajes de extraordinaria belleza y de alto valor escénico, como las cuencas visuales que permiten admirar el volcán Tungurahua. La problemática detectada es el desaprovechamiento de estos recursos en actividades turísticas, recreativas o contemplativas, que permitan un desarrollo social sostenible. De hecho, el objetivo es evidenciar el potencial de las áreas naturales. Cabe destacar que, el levantamiento de información del contexto se elaboró con la Metodología de Análisis y tratamiento de paisaje; uso de matrices de caracterización y valoración del territorio, a más de encuestas a la población y entrevistas a autoridades y expertos, En lo esencial, el resultado de la investigación es el reconocimiento e identificación de los diferentes componentes de paisaje: visuales, los biofísicos y los antrópicos. Así mismo, hay que destacar los recursos identitarios tangibles e intangibles. Finalmente, promover el cuidado ambiental, la protección, gestión y ordenamiento del Paisaje rural natural.
Yunus Emre Döneminde Anadolu’nun İktisadi Çöküşü ve Vergi Zulmü
Authors: ÖKDE Burak
Published: January 2022

Yunus Emre Türk Dünyası’nın yetiştirmiş olduğu saygın şair ve düşünce insanlarından biridir. Yetiştiği dönemin zor şartlarına rağmen hoşgörü ve barış dilini şiirlerinde temel alan bir üslup belirlemiştir. Bu üslup onu yüzyıllar boyunca hatırlanan ve saygı gören bir isim hâline getirmiştir. Özellikle yaşadığı dönem göz önüne alındığında Yunus’un dili daha çok takdir görmektedir. 13. yüzyılda Anadolu tarihte örneği az rastlanır bir değişim yaşamıştır. Bu yüzyılın ilk yarısı bolluk, refah ve huzur dönemi olmuştur. Yunus’un yaşadığı ikinci yarısı ise savaşlar, isyanlar, yağmalar ve Moğol baskısı ile geçen, can ve mal güvenliğinin olmadığı bir dönemdir. Çalışmanın amacı da 13. yüzyılın ikinci yarısında ve 14. yüzyılın başlarında yani Yunus’un yaşadığı dönemde, Anadolu’da meydana gelen iktisadi ve ticari hayatın değişimi ortaya koymaktır. Çalışma sonucunda Anadolu’da halk üzerinde yoğun bir vergi yükünün olduğu, huzur ve refahın yerini sefalet ve savaşların aldığı ve iktisadi hayatın sistemsel olarak çöktüğü ortaya koyulmaktadır. Ortaya çıkan yeni durum Anadolu’da büyük göçlerin yaşanmasına, batı bölgelerinde yer alan uç beyliklerinin nüfusunun artmasına neden olmuştur. Beyliklerin doğu tarafından Moğol baskısı ve işgali ile kuşatıldıklarını göz önüne alırsak, Türkler’in batıya doğru olan fetih ve yerleşme politikalarını da daha iyi anlayabiliriz. Devlet otoritesinin olmadığı, yokluk, kıtlık, savaş, yağma ve isyanların olduğu bir dönemde, Yunus’un sevgi ve hoşgörü yaklaşımı, O’nu daha değerli kılmaktadır.
Andreas Tietze’nin Tarihî ve Etimolojik Türkiye Türkçesi Lugati Işığında Yunus Emre’nin Söz Varlığı Üzerine Notlar
Authors: YILMAZ Emine
Published: January 2022

Yunus Emre’nin şiirlerinin güvenilir bir akademik yayınının eksikliğinden ötürü bu şiirlerin dili üzerine akademik bir değerlendirme yapmak çok zordur. Öncelikle Yunus Emre’nin eserlerine ait nüshaların çoğu tarihsizdir ve en eski nüshanın hangisi olduğu belli değildir. Ayrıca nüshalarda imla ve harekeleme tutarlı değildir, bu da araştırmaları güçleştirmektedir. Karaman nüshası (Uysal 2014a) dışındaki yayınlarda yazı çevrimi yetersizdir. Bir diğer sorun ise yayınlarda kullanılabilir dizinler olmayışıdır. Bu durum Yunus Emre şiirlerinin söz varlığı çalışmalarını da zorlaştırmaktadır. Yunus Emre şiirlerinde okunuşu, anlamı, kökeni vb. tartışmalı epeyce sözcük yer alır. Bunların bazıları Tarama Sözlüğü’nde tek örnek olarak gösterilmiştir. Yunus Emre Divanı nüshalarının ayrı ayrı akademik yayınları yapılmadıkça söz varlığının incelenmesi çok mümkün olmasa da, bu yazıda, Andreas Tietze’nin 2020’de yayımlanmış olan Tarihî ve Etimolojik Türkiye Türkçesi Lugati’nin tanıklığıyla bazı sorunlara ışık tutulmaya çalışılmıştır.
Noticias del BID: Vol. 8, no. 9, noviembre 1981
Authors:   Banco Interamericano de Desarrollo
Published: January 2022

Noticias del BID, publicación mensual que tiene por objetivo informar acerca de las actividades del Banco Interamericano de Desarrollo.
Noticias del BID: Vol. 8, no. 6, agosto 1981
Authors:   Banco Interamericano de Desarrollo
Published: January 2022

Noticias del BID, publicación mensual que tiene por objetivo informar acerca de las actividades del Banco Interamericano de Desarrollo.
Vivências da Pandemia em uma Instituição de Ensino Superior do Norte de Portugal - Lições para o Presente e para o Futuro
Authors: E Almeida Clarisse de Mendonça
Published: January 2022

O presente estudo se propõe a apresentar a experiência de uma universidade pública do Norte de Portugal no momento da adequação ao cenário e às urgências da pandemia provocada pela disseminação do vírus Covid-19. Conjuntamente com a articulação com referenciais teóricos relevantes e recentes sobre o tema, o texto traz vivências passíveis de reflexão e de aprendizado para momentos presentes e futuros. A partir do relato aqui apresentado, percebe-se um novo olhar sobre a atuação docente que reverbera pela questão da formação continuada para a docência. Note-se que, ao optar pela implantação do ensino remoto de emergência (HODGES ET AL, 2020), lacunas foram evidenciadas no que se refere ao uso e ao enquadramento dos recursos advindos das tecnologias digitais junto aos processos educativos.  
Palavras-chave: Tecnologias digitais. Ensino remoto de emergência. Pandemia. Formação docente. Atuação docente.
Piecing together human adult comparative pharmacokinetic trials and rodent studies: What happens to drug clearance in obesity?
Authors: Brocks Dion , Al Nebaihi Hamdah , Parvin Shamima , Hamza Amel
Published: January 2022

In many comparative trials examining the effects of adult obesity on pharmacokinetics of drugs, conclusions were made based on values that were either not adjusted to total body weight or adjusted to non-obese body mass (e.g., ideal or lean body weight). In many cases these values were higher in the obese subjects. We have reviewed the data from comparative human trials, and it is apparent that in examining clearance normalization to total body weight (as typically done in studies involving pediatric obese patients), the clearances are often reduced in the obese. We have also reviewed the results of experimental obese versus non-obese rodent models. Those studies have mostly found that the systemic exposures to the same dose per body weight are increased, with obesity-related decreases in clearance. Furthermore, the expression of a number of important drug metabolizing enzymes are reduced in the experimental obese state. There is also evidence that obesity causes increases in the measured mass of eliminating organs such as liver and kidney. Human clearance normalized to total body weight appears to better reflect the underlying changes reported in the expression of protein and functional activity of drug clearance mechanisms.
Essential Academic Journals Tend to Be of Universal Importance, While Many Journals Available on For-Profit Platforms Appear to Be Ancillary
Authors: DuBroy Michelle
Published: January 2022

A Review of:
Mongeon, P., Siler, K., Archambault, A., Sugimoto, C. R., & Larivière, V. (2021). Collection development in the era of big deals. College & Research Libraries, 82(2), 219–236. https://doi.org/10.5860/crl.82.2.219
 Abstract
Objective – (1) Present a method of journal appraisal that combines reference list, article download, and survey data. (2) Gauge journal usage patterns across selected universities.
Design – Analysis of reference lists, article downloads, and survey data.
Setting – 28 Canadian universities.
Subjects – 47,012 distinct academic journal titles.
Methods – Download data for the 2011-2015 period was sourced from standard Journal Report 1 (JR1) usage reports as supplied by the vendors. Download figures were summed for journals that were available through multiple platforms. Reference list data (i.e., the number of times documents published in each journal were cited by authors affiliated with a participating institution) was sourced from Clarivate Analytics’ Web of Science, limiting for the years 2011-2015. An unknown number of researchers at 23 of the 28 participating universities were invited by email to complete a survey. The survey asked respondents to list the scholarly journals they considered essential for their research and teaching (up to 10 journals for each purpose).
The three datasets (download, reference list, and survey data) were then merged. Duplicates and non-academic journals were removed. Journals were then grouped into broad discipline areas. A list of “core journals” (p. 228) was created for each institution. These journals produce 80% of downloads, 80% of citations, or 80% of survey mentions at each institution. A journal only had to reach the threshold in one category (i.e., in either downloads, citations, or mentions) to make it onto the core journals list. A “low” (p. 228) survey response rate meant “one mention [was] generally enough" (p. 228) for a journal to be classified as core.
Main results – Fewer than 500 titles (n=484, ~1%) made it to the core journals list at all 28 universities. Two thirds (66%, n unknown) of journals did not make it onto the core list of any university. Of the journals deemed to be core, most (60%, n unknown) were shared across all institutions. On average, platforms from not-for-profit organizations and scientific societies contain a higher proportion of core journals than for-profit platforms. Notably, 63.6% of Springer journals, 58.9% of Taylor & Francis journals, and 45.8% of Elsevier’s journals do not appear on the core journal list of any university.
Conclusion – Libraries should consider ways to share resources and work more cooperatively in their negotiations with publishers. Further, libraries may be able to cancel entire journal bundles without this having a “sizable” (p. 233) impact on resource access.
Library Workers Experiencing or Observing Sexual Harassment in University of California Libraries is Commonplace and Commonly Unreported
Authors: Kaplan Samantha J.
Published: January 2022

A Review of:
Barr-Walker, J., Hoffner, C., McMunn-Tetangco, E., & Mody, N. (2021). Sexual harassment at University of California Libraries: Understanding the experiences of library staff members. College & Research Libraries, 82(2), 237. https://doi.org/10.5860/crl.82.2.237
Abstract
Objective – To identify whether academic library workers at the University of California Libraries (UCL) system experienced or observed sexual harassment and to measure their reporting and disclosure behavior.
Design – Anonymous online survey with open and closed-end questions.
Setting – All UCL system campuses (Berkeley, Davis, Irvine, Los Angeles, Merced, Riverside, Santa Barbara, Santa Cruz, San Diego, and San Francisco).
Subjects – All 1610 non-student employees working in UCL system were invited to participate, 579 (36%) responded.
Methods – The authors engaged multiple stakeholder groups to refine and promote this census of UCL non-student workers. The survey was distributed via REDCap and remained open for six weeks of November to December 2018. All questions were optional. Certain demographic information was not collected because respondents might have been identified via deductive disclosure. The first author conducted descriptive statistical analysis and pairs of authors conducted thematic analysis.
Main Results – More than half of respondents experienced or observed sexual harassment in the workplace; women were more likely to experience than observe and vice versa for men. Harassment was most likely to be exhibited by a coworker. Less than half of respondents felt that the UCL system administration considered the issue important. Nearly three out of every four respondents who had experienced harassment at work chose not to report or disclose; this did not vary significantly between women and men.
Conclusion – Sexual harassment of library workers, often by other library workers, is widespread. Staff training and policies should incorporate the reality of gender harassment and commenting on a person's appearance—the two most common forms of harassment exhibited and observed.
Library Staff Need More Support in Order to Alleviate Teaching Anxiety
Authors: Koos Jessica A.
Published: January 2022

A Review of:
Lundstrom, K., Fagerheim, B. & Van Geem, S. (2021). Library teaching anxiety: Understanding and supporting a persistent issue in librarianship. College & Research Libraries, 82(3), 389-409. https://doi.org/10.5860/crl.82.3.389
Abstract
Objective – To determine academic librarians’ attitudes towards their teaching, how teaching anxiety manifests itself, and how teaching anxiety affects these attitudes.
Design – Online Survey.
Setting – The survey was distributed through various library science listservs.
Subjects – Any library staff with a teaching component in their role were invited to respond. There was a total of 1,035 initial responses.
Methods – The survey questions were based on a previously published survey about teaching anxiety by Davis (2007). However, the survey for this study added questions about formal and self-diagnosis of other types of anxieties, physical and psychological anxiety symptoms, and how teaching anxiety impacts other areas of the respondents’ lives. There were also questions on potential supports to reduce teaching anxiety, as well as potential barriers to these supports.
Main Results – It was found that approximately 65% of respondents experience teaching anxiety. Approximately 40% of those respondents were formally diagnosed with anxiety, and approximately 42% were self-diagnosed. There was a significant association between a formal diagnosis of anxiety, and teaching anxiety. There were also significant associations between past training, preparation, and teaching anxiety, with anxiety occurring less with increased training and preparation.
Conclusion – Teaching anxiety is a significant issue among library staff. Supports in the form of workshops on teaching as well as coping with anxiety can possibly help to reduce this phenomenon.
Does Corporate Governance and other Factors Influence Earnings Management? A Study on Indonesia’s Banking Sector
Authors: Handoyo Sigit , Kusumaningrum Inneke Tri Tri
Published: January 2022

The issue of misreporting financial data and earnings management has become more prominent in recent years. Several studies have been conducted determining the influences of the mechanisms of corporate governance and earnings management in various countries. In this study, it was proven that the existence of a good corporate governance (GCG) mechanism did not suppress earnings management practices in the banking sector industry in Indonesia. However, another factor, dividend policy, can prove effective in suppressing earnings management. The measurement of earnings management in this study was carried out using the Modified Jones model with a population of 43 conventional banks from which research data were taken using a purposive sampling technique sourced from the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX). The analysis was carried out using multiple linear regression. The implication of this research is that the implementation of good corporate governance by an entity must be considered given that earnings management practices in Indonesia are still relatively high.
Patterns of Social Media Usage among Malaysians During the Covid-19 Pandemic
Authors: Meri Aisah , Ahmad Syahruddin Awang , Yusoff Sitinurbayu Mohd , Zakaria Noor Syakirah , Sarjono Fauzie , Maraining Amrullah , Baco Zainuddin
Published: January 2022

This paper explores the use of social media among Malaysians during the Covid-19 pandemic. Questionnaires were distributed to 424 people in Malaysia who were directly affected by the Covid-19 pandemic. The research findings revealed that the main reasons that drove people to use social media were cognitive aspects, escapism, affective factors, and social integration. The data also shows that Malaysians frequently employed social media to search for information, for diversion purposes, and due to habit. Meanwhile, the highest levels of gratifications were derived from factors of convenience, surveillance, and interpersonal discussion. This study concludes that social media plays a crucial role for Malaysians while confronting the Covid-19 pandemic, alongside other media components. It cannot be denied that technology also influenced uses and gratifications among the audiences. The uniqueness of social media, coupled with the smartphone, gives it a distinct advantage over other media forms. The audiences had at their disposal a multitude of information that could bring numerous usages and forms of gratifications.
Risk Management and Financial Performance of Manufacturing Firms in Nigeria
Authors: Akinleye Gideon Tayo , Olanipekun Comfort Temidayo
Published: January 2022

The current study investigated risk management and financial performance of manufacturing firms. Specifically, the study analyzed liquidity risk and market risk effect on after tax profit of manufacturing establishment in Nigeria. The study employed panel data over the period spanning from 2010-2019 across 10 firms. Secondary data were gathered through the annual reports of the selected firms. Correlation analysis and panel-based estimation techniques were used. The outcome showed that liquidity risk positively and significantly affect profit after tax while market risk (measured by interest rate risk) negatively and insignificantly affect profit after tax of sampled firms quoted in Nigeria. This study concluded that efficient and effective risk management will positively affect performance of quoted firms in Nigeria, most specially management of internal risk such as the liquidity risk. Hence, firms should build an internal control system flexible in nature to harness the benefit of internal risk management and also normalize the negative effect of external risk such as the interest rate on performance.
Control cinético del salado, con sabor a humo, de filetes de tilapia (Oreochromis sp)
Authors: Girón-Hernández Joel , Rivera Valencia Francisco Javier , Betancourt Sambony Federman
Published: January 2022

La cinética del salado de una matriz muscular expresa el movimiento de la sal mediante modelos difusionales, esto permite predecir el resultado final del producto procesado. Este trabajo estudió el salado de filetes de tilapia utilizando NaCl y sal ahumada, con envasado al aire y al vacío. Se midieron los cambios de masa, de agua y de sal en los filetes después del salado. Adicionalmente, se les realizó la determinación de pH, color, textura, aw, humedad, grasa y cloruros. La información se procesó mediante: i) modelos matemáticos para determinar la cinética de la sal, ii) ANOVA multifactorial para observar el efecto de los factores en las variables respuesta y iii) la metodología de superficie de respuesta para optimizar el proceso. Los resultados obtenidos mostraron un transporte pseudo-difusional de la sal. En el ANOVA multifactorial, el factor tiempo presentó la mayor influencia en las variables respuesta. Finalmente, la modelización del proceso determinó que el mejor salado se obtiene a los 161 minutos para conseguir una aw de 0,95 y un contenido de sal en base seca de 0,17 g empleando sal ahumada y el envasado al vacío. El producto obtenido cumplió lo establecido por el Codex Alimentarius para pescado salado.
Students’ Conceptions—and Misconceptions—of Social Research
Authors: Kawulich Barbara , Garner Mark W. J. , Wagner Claire
Published: January 2022

How knowledge of students’ conceptions of social research can influence the pedagogy of research methods is the focus of this article. This study explains how students’ conceptions of social research changed over the course of a two-semester research programme. Twenty-nine graduate students participated in focus groups, interviews, and open-ended surveys to inform the instructor’s pedagogical decisions in developing the course. Data were analyzed phenomenographically, and the categories that were identified defined changes in their conceptions of research related to affect and attitudes, the processes involved with conducting research, and the end products of their research projects. Pedagogical inferences were derived from the findings, and implications for future research were outlined.
“Hi, Madam, I have a small question.” Teaching QM online: Guide to a successful cross-cultural master-course
Authors: Ryen Anne
Published: January 2022

A few years ago Centre of Development Studies at my Faculty, Faculty of Economics and Social Sciences, started an online Master’s Programme in Development Management. The programme was implemented by a network of universities from the North (University of Agder/UiA) and the South (Sri Lanka, Tanzania, Ethiopia, Uganda, Ghana) recruiting students from across the world. The evaluation is very positive characterising it as a big success. I will now look into one particular element of this study, teaching the qualitative methodology (QM) courses with a special focus on the South context. Each course QM included has been sectioned into modules based on a variety of students` activities including student-student and student-tutor/teacher interaction, plus a number of hand-ins across topics and formats. Evaluation of the students` performance is based on both online group activity and written material submitted either into the individual or the group portfolio. My focus is twofold. First, how did we teach qualitative methodology and how did that work? Second, what about the contemporary focus on neo-colonial methodology and our QM courses? In a wider perspective the study is part of foreign aid where higher education is a means to transfer competence to the South. As such this study works to enable and to empower people rather than being trapped in the old accusation of sustaining dependency (Asad 1973, Ryen 2000 and 2007a). This study then is embedded in a wider North-South debate and a highly relevant illustration of the potentials, success and hazards, inherit in teaching QM.
“I’ve found more difficulties than I expected to”: Raising questions from field experience
Authors: Brandão Ana Maria
Published: January 2022

Sociology students in Portugal have usually been taught methodology and epistemology in a classical, scholastic way. If students are provided with practical contact early on, this can help them to better understand and apply theoretical concepts conveyed through lectures. During their last graduate year, Sociology students of the University of Minho are expected to design a full research project and to conduct exploratory research, completed by the last semester, and this includes either a residence period or a research seminar. To ensure this works well, methodology units are organised on a weekly basis, according to two types of classes: 1) theoretical and 2) theoretical-practical, with the purpose of gradually enabling students to develop the competencies they will need to graduate. Focusing on the teaching experience of qualitative methodologies, and using as an example the teaching of observation techniques, the purpose of this article is to illustrate the advantages of offering the students early contact with the “field”, and prepare them for future full-scale research. These advantages are acknowledged by students, as evidenced in their written evaluations of their field experiences. However, it is important to note that this type of learning is most fruitful when students have been previously trained in the use of the written language – namely aiming to develop their ability to describe – and social theories.
Explanatory Models of Illness and Psychiatric Rehabilitation: A Clinical Sociology Approach
Authors: Sévigny Robert , Chen Sheying , Chen Elaina Y.
Published: January 2022

The notion of explanatory models of illness (EMI) epitomizes the theme of social representation in social psychiatry. This article illustrates a clinical sociology approach to the subject by revisiting the seminal work of Kleinman and reflecting on the use of EMI in studying severe mental illnesses, particularly in China. A general literature review is provided to show the complexity of the subject, and the work of clinical sociologist Sévigny over the past two decades is summarized. A case analysis is conducted to illuminate the many social factors that came to play in affecting the experiences and perceptions of schizophrenic patients and their significant others in the nation’s capital Beijing in the 1990s. Diverse “explanations” in the experience of schizophrenia are explored, including the medical, the psychogenic, and the psychosocial models, among such others as inheritance and religious beliefs. Implications for research and clinical practice are discussed, including extending EMI study beyond illness interpretation to emphasize social rehabilitation.