bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
An Investigation of Stimulant Effects on the EEG of Children With Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder
Authors: Clarke Adam R. , Barry Robert J. , Baker Iris E. , McCarthy Rory , Selikowitz Mark
Published: August 2016

Stimulant medications are the most commonly prescribed treatment for Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (AD/HD). These medications result in a normalization of the EEG. However, past research has found that complete normalization of the EEG is not always achieved. One reason for this may be that studies have used different medications interchangeably, or groups of subjects on different stimulants. This study investigated whether methylphenidate and dexamphetamine produce different levels of normalization of the EEG in children with AD/HD. Three groups of 20 boys participated in this study. There were 2 groups with a diagnosis of AD/HD; one group, good responders to methylphenidate, and the second, good responders to dexamphetamine. The third group was a normal control group. Baseline EEGs were recorded using an eyes-closed resting condition, and analyzed for total power and relative delta, theta, alpha, and beta. Subjects were placed on a 6-month trial of methylphenidate or dexamphetamine, after which a second EEG was recorded. At baseline, the children with AD/HD had elevated relative theta, less relative alpha and beta compared with controls. Baseline differences were found between the two medication groups, with the dexamphetamine group having greater EEG abnormalities than the methylphenidate group. The results indicate that good responders to methylphenidate and dexamphetamine have different EEG profiles when assessed before medication, and these differences may represent different underlying central nervous system deficits. The 2 medications were found to result in substantial normalization of the EEG, with no significant differences in EEG changes occurring between the 2 medications. This indicates that the degree of pretreatment EEG abnormality was the major factor contributing to the degree of normalization of the EEG. As good responders to the 2 medications appear to have different central nervous system abnormalities, it is recommended that stimulant medications be treated independently and not used interchangeably in research and treatment of AD/HD.
An improved artificial bee colony algorithm for vehicle routing problem with time windows: A real case in Dalian
Authors: Yu Shaoqiang , Tai Cuicui , Liu Yanan , Gao Linjie
Published: August 2016

This study has been motivated from a real western-style food delivery problem in Dalian city, China, which can be described as a vehicle routing problem with time windows. An integer linear model for the problem is developed, and an improved artificial bee colony algorithm, which possesses a new strategy called an adaptive strategy, a crossover operation, and a mutation operation, is proposed to solve the problem. Then, the effectiveness of the proposed improved artificial bee colony is first validated by some benchmark instances. Furthermore, results obtained on a real-case instance for western-style food delivery problem in Dalian city are also discussed. In this case, the results indicate that the improved artificial bee colony algorithm is a feasible method to solve the real vehicle routing problem with time windows such as western-style food delivery.
Asparagine improves intestinal integrity, inhibits TLR4 and NOD signaling, and differently regulates p38 and ERK1/2 signaling in weanling piglets after LPS challenge
Authors: Chen Shaokui , Liu Yulan , Wang Xiuying , Wang Haibo , Li Shuang , Shi Haifeng , Zhu Huiling , Zhang Jing , Pi Dingan , Hu Chien-An Andy , Lin Xi , Odle Jack
Published: August 2016

Asparagine (Asn), an activator of ornithine decarboxylase (ODC), stimulates cell proliferation in intestinal epithelial cells. We hypothesized that Asn can mitigate LPS-induced injury of intestinal structure and barrier function by regulating inflammatory signaling pathways. We executed the following experiment using weanling pigs for each of the groups: (1) non-challenged control; (2) LPS-challenged control; (3) LPS + 0.5% Asn; (4) LPS + 1.0% Asn. After 21-d feeding, pigs received an i.p. injection of either saline or LPS. Four h after injection, the mid-jejunum and mid-ileum samples were collected. We found that Asn restored ODC expression that was decreased by LPS treatment. Asn also restored intestinal morphology and barrier function that were impaired by LPS treatment. In addition, Asn down-regulated intestinal caspase-3 protein expression and TNF-α concentration, and decreased the mRNA expression of intestinal TLR4, TLR4 downstream signals (myeloid differentiation factor 88, IL-1 receptor-associated kinase 1 and TNF-α receptor-associated factor 6 and NOD1, NOD2 and their adaptor molecule (receptor-interacting serine/threonine-protein kinase 2). Moreover, Asn decreased p38 phosphorylation but increased ERK1/2 phosphorylation. Our results suggest that Asn improves intestinal integrity during an inflammatory insult, which appears to be related to the decrease of intestinal pro-inflammatory cytokine (via TLR4, NODs and p38) and of enterocyte apoptosis (via p38 and ERK1/2).
Primary and key secondary results from the ROCKET AF trial, and their implications on clinical practice
Authors: Shah Rohan , Patel Manesh R.
Published: August 2016

Background:

The safety and efficacy of the oral anticoagulant rivaroxaban were studied in the Rivaroxaban Once Daily Oral Direct Factor Xa Inhibition Compared with Vitamin K Antagonism for Prevention of Stroke and Embolism Trial in Atrial Fibrillation (ROCKET AF trial). A number of subanalyses of the ROCKET AF trial have subsequently analyzed the use of rivaroxaban in special patient populations.

Methods:

The outcomes of the ROCKET AF trial were reviewed. The use of rivaroxaban in higher risk populations, as determined by the presence of co-morbidities included in the CHADS2 criteria, was analyzed. Requirements for dose adjustment in patients with renal impairment and in East Asian patients were described. Finally, clinical management challenges, including interruptions in therapy, drug discontinuation, management of bleeding events, drug interactions, and management of patients requiring cardioversion/ablation were reviewed.

Results:

Rivaroxaban is efficacious in high-risk populations, including elderly patients, patients with diabetes, heart failure, history of stroke, prior myocardial infarction, or peripheral arterial disease (PAD). Patients with PAD have a higher risk of bleeding with rivaroxaban compared with warfarin. East Asian populations do not require a dose adjustment for rivaroxaban, while a reduced dose of 15 mg daily is required for patients with moderate renal impairment. Rivaroxaban remains effective with temporary interruptions in therapy and in patients requiring cardioversion/ablation. Rates of major bleeding and subsequent outcomes were similar in patients on warfarin and rivaroxaban, although rates of gastrointestinal bleeding were higher with rivaroxaban. Concurrent use of antiarrhythmic therapy was not associated with adverse outcomes.

Conclusions:

Rivaroxaban represents an efficacious alternative to warfarin in high-risk patients with AF. Dose adjustment is required for patients with moderate renal impairment. Rivaroxaban can be used safely in a number of challenging clinical management scenarios although the concurrent use of amiodarone requires more study.
Touching and Hearing Unseen Objects: Multisensory Effects on Scene Recognition
Authors: Hazenberg Simon J. , van Lier Rob
Published: August 2016

In three experiments, we investigated the influence of object-specific sounds on haptic scene recognition without vision. Blindfolded participants had to recognize, through touch, spatial scenes comprising six objects that were placed on a round platform. Critically, in half of the trials, object-specific sounds were played when objects were touched (bimodal condition), while sounds were turned off in the other half of the trials (unimodal condition). After first exploring the scene, two objects were swapped and the task was to report, which of the objects swapped positions. In Experiment 1, geometrical objects and simple sounds were used, while in Experiment 2, the objects comprised toy animals that were matched with semantically compatible animal sounds. In Experiment 3, we replicated Experiment 1, but now a tactile-auditory object identification task preceded the experiment in which the participants learned to identify the objects based on tactile and auditory input. For each experiment, the results revealed a significant performance increase only after the switch from bimodal to unimodal. Thus, it appears that the release of bimodal identification, from audio-tactile to tactile-only produces a benefit that is not achieved when having the reversed order in which sound was added after having experience with haptic-only. We conclude that task-related factors other than mere bimodal identification cause the facilitation when switching from bimodal to unimodal conditions.
Ethical leadership’s potential and boundaries in organizational change: A moderated mediation model of employee silence
Authors: Bormann Kai C , Rowold Jens
Published: August 2016

In this present study, we develop a model in which four forms of employee silence (acquiescent, quiescent, prosocial and opportunistic silence) mediate the relationship between ethical leadership and affective commitment to change. We argue that ethical leadership lowers all four forms which in turn influence employees’ commitment to change initiatives. We also examine the role of politics perceptions and personal change impact as moderators. The sample consisted of 263 employees from different organizations and occupations in Germany all facing organizational changes. Our results indicate that ethical leadership lowers only acquiescent silence, which in turn predicts affective commitment change. However, the effect diminished with high levels of politics perceptions and high levels of personal change impact. We discuss implications for theory, future research and organizational practice.
Cytoskeletal abnormalities and neutrophil dysfunction in WDR1 deficiency
Authors: Kuhns Douglas B. , Fink Danielle L. , Choi Uimook , Sweeney Colin , Lau Karen , Priel Debra Long , Riva Dara , Mendez Laura , Uzel Gulbu , Freeman Alexandra F. , Olivier Kenneth N. , Anderson Victoria L. , Currens Robin , Mackley Vanessa , Kang Allison , Al-Adeli Mehdi , Mace Emily , Orange Jordan S. , Kang Elizabeth , Lockett Stephen J. , Chen De , Steinbach Peter J. , Hsu Amy P. , Zarember Kol A. , Malech Harry L. , Gallin John I. , Holland Steven M.
Published: August 2016

Key Points

Mutations in Aip1, encoded by WDR1, alter regulation of the neutrophil cytoskeleton, causing neutrophil dysfunction.
In vivo transduction of primitive mobilized hematopoietic stem cells after intravenous injection of integrating adenovirus vectors
Authors: Richter Maximilian , Saydaminova Kamola , Yumul Roma , Krishnan Rohini , Liu Jing , Nagy Eniko-Eva , Singh Manvendra , Izsvák Zsuzsanna , Cattaneo Roberto , Uckert Wolfgang , Palmer Donna , Ng Philip , Haworth Kevin G. , Kiem Hans-Peter , Ehrhardt Anja , Papayannopoulou Thalia , Lieber André
Published: August 2016

Current protocols for hematopoietic stem/progenitor cell (HSPC) gene therapy, involving the transplantation of ex vivo genetically modified HSPCs are complex and not without risk for the patient. We developed a new approach for in vivo HSPC transduction that does not require myeloablation and transplantation. It involves subcutaneous injections of granulocyte-colony-stimulating factor/AMD3100 to mobilize HSPCs from the bone marrow (BM) into the peripheral blood stream and the IV injection of an integrating, helper-dependent adenovirus (HD-Ad5/35++) vector system. These vectors target CD46, a receptor that is uniformly expressed on HSPCs. We demonstrated in human CD46 transgenic mice and immunodeficient mice with engrafted human CD34+ cells that HSPCs transduced in the periphery home back to the BM where they stably express the transgene. In hCD46 transgenic mice, we showed that our in vivo HSPC transduction approach allows for the stable transduction of primitive HSPCs. Twenty weeks after in vivo transduction, green fluorescent protein (GFP) marking in BM HSPCs (Lin−Sca1+Kit− cells) in most of the mice was in the range of 5% to 10%. The percentage of GFP-expressing primitive HSPCs capable of forming multilineage progenitor colonies (colony-forming units [CFUs]) increased from 4% of all CFUs at week 4 to 16% at week 12, indicating transduction and expansion of long-term surviving HSPCs. Our approach was well tolerated, did not result in significant transduction of nonhematopoietic tissues, and was not associated with genotoxicty. The ability to stably genetically modify HSPCs without the need of myeloablative conditioning is relevant for a broader clinical application of gene therapy.
Interpreting transcriptional changes using causal graphs: new methods and their practical utility on public networks
Authors: Fakhry Carl Tony , Choudhary Parul , Gutteridge Alex , Sidders Ben , Chen Ping , Ziemek Daniel , Zarringhalam Kourosh
Published: August 2016

Background

Inference of active regulatory cascades under specific molecular and environmental perturbations is a recurring task in transcriptional data analysis. Commercial tools based on large, manually curated networks of causal relationships offering such functionality have been used in thousands of articles in the biomedical literature. The adoption and extension of such methods in the academic community has been hampered by the lack of freely available, efficient algorithms and an accompanying demonstration of their applicability using current public networks.

Results

In this article, we propose a new statistical method that will infer likely upstream regulators based on observed patterns of up- and down-regulated transcripts. The method is suitable for use with public interaction networks with a mix of signed and unsigned causal edges. It subsumes and extends two previously published approaches and we provide a novel algorithmic method for efficient statistical inference. Notably, we demonstrate the feasibility of using the approach to generate biological insights given current public networks in the context of controlled in-vitro overexpression experiments, stem-cell differentiation data and animal disease models. We also provide an efficient implementation of our method in the R package available to download from Bioconductor.

Conclusions

In this work, we have closed an important gap in utilizing causal networks to analyze differentially expressed genes. Our proposed Quaternary test statistic incorporates all available evidence on the potential relevance of an upstream regulator. The new approach broadens the use of these types of statistics for highly curated signed networks in which ambiguities arise but also enables the use of networks with unsigned edges. We design and implement a novel computational method that can efficiently estimate p-values for upstream regulators in current biological settings. We demonstrate the ready applicability of the implemented method to analyze differentially expressed genes using the publicly available networks.
Cidades inteligentes no nordeste brasileiro: análise das dimensões de trajetória e a contribuição da população
Authors: Câmara Samuel Façanha , Carvalho Hermano José Batista , Silva Francisca Adaliny Alves , Souza Lucas Lopes Ferreira , Souza Elnivan Moreira
Published: August 2016

Este trabalho teve o objetivo de identificar de que forma a população das cidades de Barbalha, Maranguape e Mauriti, pertencentes ao Nordeste brasileiro, percebem o caminho que podem seguir para se tornar mais inteligentes. Utilizou-se o modelo de Giffinger, Haindlmaier e Kramar (2010) para analisar as dimensões economia, pessoas, governança, mobilidade, meio ambiente e qualidade de vida. Realizou-se uma survey e aplicaram-se 575 questionários aos moradores das cidades. Os dados foram tratados por meio de estatística descritiva e análise fatorial exploratória. Dessa análise foram obtidos cincos fatores: dimensões relacionadas ao grupo social; dimensões relacionadas à vizinhança; dimensões relacionadas à cidade; dimensão sobre o meio ambiente; dimensões sobre mobilidade e tecnologia da informação e comunicação (TICs). Para implementar cidades inteligentes, observou-se ser necessário conhecer o contexto social, cultural e econômico do local, sendo essencial a avaliação desses fatores, pois o seu conhecimento é de extrema relevância para captar a possibilidade de se implementar uma cidade inteligente.
Circadian influences on dopamine circuits of the brain: regulation of striatal rhythms of clock gene expression and implications for psychopathology and disease
Authors: Verwey Michael , Dhir Sabine , Amir Shimon
Published: August 2016

Circadian clock proteins form an autoregulatory feedback loop that is central to the endogenous generation and transmission of daily rhythms in behavior and physiology. Increasingly, circadian rhythms in clock gene expression are being reported in diverse tissues and brain regions that lie outside of the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN), the master circadian clock in mammals. For many of these extra-SCN rhythms, however, the region-specific implications are still emerging. In order to gain important insights into the potential behavioral, physiological, and psychological relevance of these daily oscillations, researchers have begun to focus on describing the neurochemical, hormonal, metabolic, and epigenetic contributions to the regulation of these rhythms. This review will highlight important sites and sources of circadian control within dopaminergic and striatal circuitries of the brain and will discuss potential implications for psychopathology and disease. For example, rhythms in clock gene expression in the dorsal striatum are sensitive to changes in dopamine release, which has potential implications for Parkinson’s disease and drug addiction. Rhythms in the ventral striatum and limbic forebrain are sensitive to psychological and physical stressors, which may have implications for major depressive disorder. Collectively, a rich circadian tapestry has emerged that forces us to expand traditional views and to reconsider the psychopathological, behavioral, and physiological importance of these region-specific rhythms in brain areas that are not immediately linked with the regulation of circadian rhythms.
Perfectionism as a warning sign for postnatal mental health difficulties
Authors: Rosan Camilla , Finnis Sarah , Biaggi Alessandra , Pawlby Susan , Pariante Carmine
Published: August 2016

There is a growing evidence base indicating that maladaptive perfectionism is a risk factor for later mental health difficulties, such as postnatal depression. Perfection is defined as a state where an individual determinedly pursues self-imposed, personally demanding standards, despite adverse consequences. The article gives an overview of the links between clinical perfectionism and perinatal mental health difficulties, drawing on current research and models of best practice. Front-line health professionals such as health visitors are well placed to identify perfectionism early by assessing personality traits and other risk factors for depression and anxiety, and work with women and their families to prevent the onset of later, more severe, presentations.
Stigma and Openness
Authors: Mills Claudia
Published: August 2016

Moving from the social and political arena to the choices we face in our own private lives, Claudia Mills asks how information about someones mental illness should be shared with others. Whileopen communication about mental illness works toward the important goal of reducing its unfair stigma, it can cause harm or embarrassment, violate privacy, and challenge an individuals ownpreferred self-representation. She offers tentative guidelines for how to proceed on this sensitive and morally charged issue.
The Conscience of a Prosecutor
Authors: Luban David
Published: August 2016

Should a prosecutor throw a case to avoid keeping men he thinks are innocent in prison? The startling case of justice gone awry in the Palladium nightclub murder raises new questions about the role that conscience should play in lawyers ethics, when conscience presses one way but professional rules press the other.
A landscape of art-based therapeutic practices in Iran
Authors: Van Lith Theresa , Bullock Lindsay , Rahimian Elahe , Moghaddam Kaveh
Published: August 2016

This article examines a number of factors that influence how the use of art for mental health is practised in Iran. Historical and cultural causes as well as political upheaval, economic downturn, and scepticism of western values have meant that mental health services cater only to a small population. As a result, these issues have created disparate attitudes towards the role of art as a therapeutic means of healing. While art therapy is seen as a relatively new profession, art therapists in Iran have been striving to make it an impactful modality for treating mental health issues. This article demonstrates how western models of art-based practices have been applied with children in Iran. It concludes by highlighting the need for more culturally sensitive models of art-based therapeutic practices that serve to work with the existing cultures and beliefs of the Iranian people.
Comparison of urine Gram stain and urine culture to diagnose urinary tract infection in children
Authors: Putri Amalia Utami , Rina Oke , Rosmayanti Rosmayanti , Ramayati Rafita , Rusdidjas Rusdidjas
Published: August 2016

Background Urinary tract infection (UTI) are due to pathogeninvasion of the urinary tract. The upper or lower tract may beaffected, depending on the presence of infection in the kidney,or bladder and urethra. Infection of urinary tract affect up to10% of children and are the most common bacterial infection ininfants and young children worldwide. The prevalence of UTI is3-5% in girls and 1 % in boys. Urine culture is considered to bethe gold standard diagnostic test for UTI. However, Gram stainsof uncentrifuged urine have been done in rural health centers andlaboratories in peripheral areas that lack facilities to evaluate urinespecimens. Gram stains of urine may be an effective method forruling out UTI in rural health center patients, thus saving timeand money in impoverished settings.Objective To compare urine Gram stain and urine culture asdiagnostic tests for UTI in children.Methods This cross-sectional study was held in H. Adam MalikHospital from May to June 2010. The 54 participants were aged0 - 14 years, suspected to have UTI and recruited by consecutivesampling. Urine was collected after the external urethral orificewas cleaned. A drop of the urine specimen was Gram stainedand examined by a light microscope, while the remainder of thespecimen was used for laboratory urine cultures. If Gram negativebacteria were observed by Gram stain, we considered the subjectto have UTI.Results The sensitivity and specificity of urine Gram staincompared to urine culture were 88% and 100%, respectively. Thepositive predictive value (PPV) and negative predictive value(NPV) were 100% and 90%, respectively.Conclusion Urine Gram stain may be a good alternative to urineculture for diagnosing UTI in children living in areas with limitedhealth care facilities.
Impact of Bifidobacterium lactis supplementation on fecal microbiota in infants delivered vaginally compared to Caesarean section
Authors: Yuniaty Tetty , Kadi Fiva , Sukandar Hadyana , Novikasari Mifta , Kosuwon Pensri , Rezzonico Enea , Piyabanditkul Paiboon , Lestarina Leilani , Turini Marco
Published: August 2016

Background It has been reported that infants born by Caesareansection have altered gut microbiota, with lower n umbers ofbifidobacteria and Bacteroides, compared to that of infants whowere delivered vaginally. Probiotic supplementation has beenreported to have beneficial effects on the immune response,generally in relation to allergies.Objective To assess the effect of Bifidobacterium lactis (B. lactis)supplementation on the presence of B. lactis and bifidobacteriacounts in stool of infants during the first 2 months of life .Methods We conducted an observational study of 122 healthy,breast-fed infants delivered vaginally or by Caesarean section.Infants assigned to the test group received breast milk and formulasupplemented with the B. lactis probiotics. Infants in the controlgroup received breast milk and formula without probiotics.The presence of B. lactis and stool bifidobacteria counts weredetermined at 1 month and 2 months of age. Growth, morbidity,serum immune markers, and stool immunoglobulin (lg) A werealso assessed.Results B. lactis was more frequently detected in the stool ofinfants who received breast milk and probiotic-supplementedformula than in stool of infants who received breast milk andnon-supplemented formula, both at 1 month and 2 months ofage (OR 1,263; 95%Cl 11 to 15 1,030; P=0.003) . Of infants whoreceived probiotic-supplemented formula, B. lactis was detected in80% of those delivered by Caesarean section and in 3 8% of thosedelivered vaginally, at the 1-month mark. In infants delivered byCaesarean section, the mean stool bifidobacteria level at 1 monthwas significantly higher in the probiotic-supplemented groupcompared to that of the non-supplemented group (P=0.021) .Conclusion Early bifidobacteria supplementation of infants,particularly those delivered by Caesarean section, is associatedwith higher levels of stool bifidobacteria. Anthropometric datasuggests beneficial effect s of bifidobacteria supplementationon infant growth, though most are not statistically significant.
Effect of lansoprazole on quality of life in adolescents with recurrent abdominal pain
Authors: Harahap Sri Yanti , Nafianti Selvi , Sofyani Sri , Supriatmo Supriatmo , Sinuhaji Atan Baas
Published: August 2016

Background Recurrent abdominal pain (RAP) is one of the mostcommon complaints in adolescents. Treatment for RAP dependson the etiology. Lansoprazole has been shown to be effective ongastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), but further study isneeded to assess the effects of lansoprazole on RAP.Objective To assess quality of life (QoL) of RAP patients whoreceived lansoprazole compared to placebo treatment.Methods This randomized, clinical trial was conducted in theSecanggang District, Lan gkat Regency, North Sumatera, fromAugust to October 2009. Patients who met the Apley criteria forRAP diagnosis were enrolled in the study. Subj ects were dividedinto two groups: those who received 30 mg lansoprazole daily andthose who received placebo, for 14 days. Quality oflife was assessedusing the Pediatrics Quality of Life (PedsQL) version 4.0 beforeadministration oflansoprazole/placebo and reassessed 30 days aftertreatment. Efficacy of treatment was assessed by comparing theQoL before and after treatment in the two groups.Results A total of 98 adolescents, aged 12 - 18 years, wereenrolled in the study and divided into two groups: lansoprazoleand placebo. There was no significant difference QoL in physicalhealth (mean differences 95%CI -109.19 to 1.02; P=0.054),emotional health (mean differences 95%CI -29.26 to 45.48;P=0.666), social functioning (mean differences 95%CI -42.91to 31.69; P=0.766), and sch ool functioning (mean differences95%CI -56.97 to 24.32; P= 0.430), before and after treatmentin the two groups.Conclusion There is no significant difference in QoL between thetwo groups of adolescents with RAP before and after lansoprazoletreatment.
Phytochemical screening, FT-IR analysis and antimicrobial activity of Wattakaka volubilis
Authors: Selvaraj Venkatesan , M. Anithakumari , V. Balamurugan , Arjunan Sundaresan , Perumal Susindren , K. Vasanthi
Published: August 2016

The present study was evaluated the phytochemical analysis and antibacterial activity of Wattakaka volubilis leaf extract. The Wattakaka volubilis is medicinal plant used in the treatment of various diseases (Wound, diabetics, rheumatic and diarrhea). The ethanol, methanol, petroleum ether and DMSO extract from the leaf of Wattakaka volubilis were screened on their phytochemicals analysis. Among thesePhytochemicals were alkaloids, anthroquione, caumarin, flavanoids, phenols, saponins, steroids, tannins and terpenoids for present in the following extracts ethanol, methanol. The petroleum ether and DMSO only present in several phytochemicals like alkaloid, anthroquinone, terpenoids and tannins. Wattakaka volubilis against the antibacterial like E. coli, B. pumilus, Enterobacter aerogens, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The zone of inhibition of Wattkaka voulubilis leaf extract against the bacteria was maximum inhibition Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Enterobacter aerogens, Bacillus pumilis. The least zone of inhibition was recorded against E.coli. The characterization of the plant extract and the functional groups was analyzed in Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR). The absorbance bands analysis were observed in the region of 4000-400cm-1 are 23 compounds derived. The compounds represented the ranges from 3905.21 to 436.41 peaks were shown. This study which is the primary report on the phytochemicals analysis and antibacterial properties of Wattakaka volubilis supports its traditional uses in the treatment of infectious and non- infectious diseases.
Dissimilar sequence: similar structure of proteins
Authors: Banach Mateusz , Konieczny Leszek , Roterman Irena
Published: August 2016

Sequence-to-structure relation is one of the major objects of the analysis of protein folding problem. The pair of two small proteins (domains) of similar structure (β-hairpin/α-helix/β-hairpin) generated by the chains of similar length (about 60 amino acids) with very low sequence similarity (15%) is the object of the comparable analysis of 3D structure. The criterion for similarity estimation is the status of polypeptide chain with respect to the hydrophobic core structure. The fuzzy oil drop model is applied to reveal the differentiated status of fragments of the well-defined secondary structure. This analysis allows the interpretation of the structure in other than the geometric form as it is made based on secondary structure classification. The two compared highly similar proteins appear to be different with respect to the hydrophobic core structure.
From “Possible Worlds” to “Possible Experience”. Real Possibility in Leibniz and Kant
Authors: Ottaviani Osvaldo
Published: August 2016

This paper moves from a disagreement with those interpreters who explain Kant’s doctrine of real possibility in terms of possible worlds. It seems to me that a possible world framework is too much indebted to the Leibnizian metaphysics of modality and, therefore, cannot serve to make sense of Kant’s theses. Leibniz’s theory of possibility, indeed, has been deeply criticized in Kant’s Critique of Pure Reason (CPR). Interestingly enough, however, Kant’s principal argument for rejecting that the field of what is possible is greater than the field of what is real was already anticipated by Leibniz. However, Leibniz employed it to demonstrate that there cannot be more than one actual world only (the others being purely possible ones). Moving from this fact, I argue that there is a certain tension between what Leibniz says about the actual world and his commitment to a plurality of possible worlds conceived as ideas in God’s mind. The first part of my paper is devoted to show that such a tension can be traced back to Leibniz’s claims about the relation between the possible and the real. In the second part, then, I maintain that Kant’s theory of real possibility grows from a dissatisfaction with (and a rejection of) Leibniz’s attempted solution to the problem of characterizing a kind of possibility narrower than the merely logical one and, nonetheless, not identical with existence. Finally, I present a short account of Kant’s theory of real possibility, based on the notion of transcendental conditions as conditions of possibility of experience, showing how it works in the case of the forms of intuition.
Kant, Rational Psychology and Practical Reason
Authors: Saunders Joe
Published: August 2016

In his pre-critical lectures on rational psychology, Kant employs an argument from the I to the transcendental freedom of the soul. In the (A-edition of the) first Critique, he distances himself from rational psychology, and instead offers four paralogisms of this doctrine, insisting that ‘I think’ no longer licenses any inferences about a soul. Kant also comes alive to the possibility that we could be thinking mechanisms - rational beings, but not agents. These developments rob him of his pre-critical rationalist argument for freedom. In the Groundwork, this is a serious problem; if we are not free, morality will be a phantasm for us. In Groundwork III, Kant attempts to overcome this by offering a new argument for our freedom, involving the standpoint of practical reason. In this paper, I detail these developments and present a practical and phenomenological reading of Kant’s approach in Groundwork III. I also venture a defence of this new argument.
An Objection to Kant’s Second Analogy
Authors: Lambeth Morganna
Published: August 2016

In the Second Analogy of the Critique of Pure Reason (CPR), Kant attempts to address Hume’s causal skepticism. Kant argues that the concept of cause must be employed in order to identify objective changes in the world, and that, therefore, all events are caused. In this paper, I will challenge Kant’s argument in the Second Analogy, arguing that we can identify objective changes without using the concept of cause, but by using the concept of logical condition instead. Rather than objectively ordering our perceptions through the idea that one thing that was perceived is the cause of the next thing that was perceived, the first necessitating the second, we can objectively order our perceptions through the idea that the first thing perceived is the logical condition of the second. In terms of Kant’s debate with Hume, I find that, though my objection undermines some of Hume’s own conclusions, it does allow Hume to avoid Kant’s argument against his causal skepticism
Reason in Kant and Hegel
Authors: Ferrarin Alfredo
Published: August 2016

In this paper I want to compare and contrast Kant and Hegel on reason. While both emphasize the close connection between reason and its ends, motivations and needs, and denounce a futile understanding of reason as a formal, instrumental, or simply logical reasoning, they diverge on how to interpret reason’s restlessness, teleology and life. After a section illustrating some uncritical assumptions widespread among readings of Kant, I move to a treatment of their respective views on reason’s self-realization (the relation between thought and the I, concepts and intuitions, faith and history), and conclude by showing the main differences in their respective understandings of method, dialectic, limit and ideas.
In Defence of Reinhold’s Kantian Representationalism: Aspects of Idealism in Versuch einer neuen Theorie des menschlichen Vorstellungsvermögens
Authors: Schulting Dennis
Published: August 2016

In this paper, I want to zero in on the Kantian idea that,whilst things in themselves must logically be presupposed as the ground underlying appearances and things are not reducible to their representations, (1) objects as appearances are not properties of things in themselves, and (2) things in themselves or the thing in itself cannot properly be represented or even thought. To do this, I turn to one of the earliest defenders and champions of the Kantian philosophy, Karl Leonhard Reinhold, and specifically to his first major work Versuch einer neuen Theorie des menschlichen Vorstellungsvermögens, published in 1789. I am here interested neither in the extent to which Reinhold’s interpretation of Kant is correct or even adequately represents Kant’s thought in all of its aspects, nor whether Reinhold’s attempt to present a systematic philosophy based on a rigorous deduction from a single principle (his strong foundationalism) stands up to scrutiny. I am here solely interested in some of Reinhold’s positive insights, in the Versuch, concerning elements of his representationalism that may shed light on Kant’s idealism, specifically, the relation between appearances (as objects of knowledge) and things in themselves, i. e., points (1) and (2) described above. I read the early Reinhold of the Versuch as confirming the Kantian view that objects as appearances are not properties of things in themselves and that we are radically ignorant of things in themselves, in the sense that we can neither know things in themselves (through the senses) nor even intellectually grasp things in themselves through the understanding alone.
Is Kant (W)right? – On Kant’s Regulative Ideas and Wright’s Entitlements
Authors: Briesen Jochen
Published: August 2016

This paper discusses a structural analogy between Kant’s theory of regulative ideas, as he develops it in the Appendix to the Transcendental Dialectic, and Crispin Wright’s theory of epistemic entitlements. First, I argue that certain exegetical difficulties with respect to the Appendix rest on serious systematic problems, which - given other assumptions of the Critique of Pure Reason - Kant is unable to solve. Second, I argue that because of the identified structural analogy between Kant’s and Wright’s views the project Kant pursues in the Appendix can be rehabilitated by recourse to Wright’s theory.
“Taking Something That Is Not Your Right”: Egyptian Students’ Perceptions of Academic Integrity
Authors: Click Amanda B.
Published: August 2016

This study explores the perceptions of Egyptian undergraduate students at The American University in Cairo, an American-style private university in Egypt, as related to academic integrity. The research questions were developed in order to discover how these students perceive the scholarly environment in which they learn, if they engage in dishonest behaviors, and if so, why. The qualitative results of this mixed-method study were collected via online survey and photovoice interviews, an ethnographic method in which participants take photographs in response to prompts provided by the investigator. In the survey, students were asked to define academic integrity and explain how they learned about the concept, and also respond to statements about the scholarly environment on campus. The photovoice participants took photographs in response to the following prompts, and others related to their research processes: something that shows how you feel about plagiarism, something that shows how you feel about cheating, something that shows how you learned about academic integrity. The results include the responses to 114 completed surveys, supported by the photographs and content of the eight photovoice interviews. The qualitative data was coded line by line, and larger themes were identified. Students indicate that their colleagues engage in academically dishonest behavior regularly, and pointed to poor time management, pressure for high grades, and helping friends as reasons for this. The paper argues that academic librarians are in a unique position to promote academic integrity on campus, and provides some suggestions for advocacy.
Coverage of Print Monographs at the Swiss National Library: A Preliminary Study
Authors: Landry Patrice
Published: August 2016

This paper reports on the study conducted by the Swiss National Library (NL) in 2012 on its coverage of the acquisition of printed monographs published in Switzerland in 2010. Since the NL had never conducted a study of its acquisition coverage, a pilot project was set up to evaluate list checking techniques that would be the most appropriate in the context of the bibliographic tools available in Switzerland. After considering the methods proposed in ISO/TR 28118:2009, the study tested the list checking method developed at the Koninklijke Bibliotheek (KB) in the Netherlands to evaluate the results of the list produced by Swissbib, the Swiss union catalogue. The study found that the rate of coverage for commercial publications (with an ISBN) was 97.05% and that of grey literature (without an ISBN) was 93.96%. These results are discussed in the context of an analysis of a random sample of the Swissbib list which resulted in a high rate of rejection of records. It found that the search query used did not appropriately and efficiently select records that corresponded to the collection criteria of the NL. The relevance of valid records used in the study to establish the rate of coverage is discussed and arguments are put forward to support the validity of the results. The methodological findings of the pilot project will be integrated in the planning of an official study to be conducted later in 2014.
Ambiguous storytelling in three texts: unsettling the perception of reality
Authors: Karaosmanoğlu Defne , Varmazi Eleni , Hepdinçler Tolga
Published: August 2016

Some texts offer to the reader/viewer ambiguity and in-betweenness and they effectively contradict reality within the world of the story and within the world of the reader/viewer. In this paper we look at three distinct fictitious texts as our case studies (Blow-Up [fiction film], Austerlitz [novel] and Mindgame [theatrical play]), which confuse the reader/viewer with their particular ways of contradicting reality. In other words, we elaborate texts in relation to their capacity to raise critical thinking through the working notions of ambiguity, in-betweenness and unreliability. We argue that our case studies not only surprise and disturb the reader/viewer with plot twists, reverse chronology, unreliable narrators, ambiguous perceptions of the protagonists and so on, but they also bring a critical eye to the dominant concepts and the working institutions of the society; and also to the dominant ways of perceiving reality. In other words, these texts through the use of all the above-mentioned literary devices in their storytelling enable the reader/viewer to think critically.
Investigations on the Film Cooling of Counter-Inclined Film-Hole Row Structures for Turbine Vane Leading Edge
Authors: Liu Cun-Liang , Zhao Dan , Zhai Ying-Ni , Zhu Hui-Ren , He Yi-Hong , Zhou Zhi-Xiang
Published: August 2016

Numerical simulations have been performed on the film cooling characteristics of counter-inclined structures, which have advantage in manufacturing relative to the usually used parallel-inclined film-hole row structure, on a turbine vane leading edge model. Single row structure and dual-row structure with counter-inclined film holes were applied in the simulation of leading edge film cooling of turbine vane. The effect of jet-interaction between counter-inclined film-hole rows was studied. The distributions of film cooling effectiveness and heat transfer coefficient were obtained at blowing ratios of 1.0 and 2.0. The results of single row structure show that the film cooling performances of counter-inclined film-hole row are not weakened compared to the traditional parallel-inclined film-hole row structure. The film cooling effectiveness of the counter-inclined film-hole row structure decreases with the increase of blowing ratio, while the heat transfer coefficient increases. The jet-interaction in the dual-row film cooling structure has more notable influence on the film cooling effectiveness than the heat transfer coefficient. Compared to the single row case, the interactions between the upstream counter-blowing jets and the downstream jet improve the film coverage performance and reduce the heat transfer intensity of this downstream jet under larger blowing ratio condition.
Composition of bioactive secondary metabolites and mutagenicity of Sambucus nigra L. Fruit at different stages of ripeness
Authors: Koss-Mikołajczyk I. , Lewandowska A. , Pilipczuk T. , Kusznierewicz B. , Bartoszek A.
Published: August 2016

The relationship between the content of bioactive compounds and mutagenic activity of elderberry fruit at different stages of ripeness was investigated. Significant differences in the antioxidant profiles (TLC, HPLC with post-column derivatization) and antioxidant activity (ABTS, DPPH, and FC tests) were observed for studied elderberry extracts. The more ripen the fruit at the time of harvest were, the higher the content of anthocyanins (increase from 0 to 7.8 mg g−1d.w.) and antioxidant activity of the extracts (about 5-fold increase) were. Cyanogenic glycosides were not detected at any stage of ripeness. Accordingly, Ames MPF test (Xenometrix) did not reveal any mutagenicity. Our study suggests that instability of cyanogenic glycosides ensures safety of food/pharmaceutical products based on even not fully ripen elderberry fruit.
Natural occurrence of Alternaria toxins in pomegranate fruit and the influence of some technological processing on their levels in juice
Authors: Elhariry H.M. , Khiralla G.M. , Gherbawy Y. , Abd ElRahman H.
Published: August 2016

Alternaria species produce several mycotoxins that are of particular health concern. The natural occurrence of three Alternaria toxins; alternariol (AOH), alternariol methyl ether (AME), and tenuazonic acid (TA) in pomegranate fruit was considered. A. alternata and A. tenuissima were identified by analysis of partial sequence of ITS-region. All studied strains produced high quantities of AOH in vitro on rice. A. tenuissima produces high quantities of AME and TA compared with A. alternata. In rotten tissues AME was the highest determined toxin with frequency percentage of 95.6%, followed by AOH and TA. All toxins were detected in the healthy tissues surrounding the infected tissues but at low levels. No visible changes were noted in Alternaria toxins after pasteurization of pomegranate juice, but they appeared after clarification. In conclusion, pasteurization and/or clarification are not sufficient to reduce Alternaria toxins in juice. The removal of the rotten parts does not ensure excluding Alternaria toxins.
Social constructions of ‘authenticity’ and the sounds of the Kid Thomas Valentine Band
Authors: Ekins Richard
Published: August 2016

The Kid Thomas Band (1926–1987) may lay legitimate claim to be the most significant of all the old-style New Orleans jazz bands, in terms of ‘authenticity’, longevity and contemporary significance. This article seeks to illuminate social constructions of authenticity in New Orleans revivalist jazz through an analysis of major aspects of the musical detail of selected recordings of ‘Basin Street Blues’ by the Kid Thomas Band. It compares and contrasts the Kid Thomas Band New Orleans ‘dance hall’ sound of 1957 with the ‘concert hall’ sound of 1971, with particular reference to social constructions of authenticity embedded within second-wave New Orleans jazz revivalism of the 1960s and 1970s, as supplemented by the current views of selected New Orleans revivalist jazz enthusiasts, musicians, writers, promoters and record producers with over half a century’s participation within worldwide New Orleans revivalist jazz social worlds.
Silent revolutions
Authors: Heyman Matthias
Published: August 2016

Jimmie Blanton (1918-1942), best known for his tenure with Duke Ellington between 1939 and 1941, is by many considered to be one of the most influential bassists in jazz history. He has been widely studied, resulting in a paradigmatic depiction of his life and music. But a closer look reveals that all studies on Blanton focus on a single year, from November 1939 and November 1940, of his six-year career as a performer. Thus, a paradox is born. While many believe to profoundly understand Blanton’s music through the writings that abound, many of its aspects remain ‘hidden’, and only a partial and unnuanced narrative of this musician surfaces. Using 1941, Blanton’s final year with Ellington, as a case study, I will unravel the reasons, several of which are extra-musical, behind this period’s omission and detail its far-reaching consequences, which continue to pervade literature on the bassist to this day.
1939 Ferriday archtop
Authors: Johanis Paul
Published: August 2016

In 2015, the Canadian author is gifted a mystery guitar made in London, August 1939. The article tracks down its origin and story, which is interwoven with the development of the early jazz scene in England.