bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Diagnostic Value of Combined High-resolution Computed Tomography and Artificial Intelligence-Aided Diagnosis System in Prediction of Benign and Malignant Pulmonary Ground-Glass Nodules
Authors: Zou Zhenyu , Niu Haiya , Cha Yongjiang , Yang Jianli , Han Wenqian
Published: June 2024

Background: The widespread use of high-resolution computed tomography (HRCT) in lung cancer screening has allowed for an increased detection rate of ground-glass nodules (GGNs) in the lung. Hence, obtaining the correct clinical diagnosis of benign and malignant GGNs has become crucial. Objectives: Most artificial intelligence and computer-aided diagnosis (AI-CAD) systems for the classification of pulmonary GGNs fail to extract CT features. This study used HRCT and AI to analyze the CT features of GGNs to improve the prediction of benign and malignant pulmonary GGNs. Patients and Methods: This case-control study was performed on a malignant group consisting of patients and a benign group consisting of controls. A total of 204 patients with GGNs were recruited and divided into 2 groups according to their pathological results. Group A consisted of 69 cases with precursor glandular lesions (atypical adenomatous hyperplasia [AAH] and adenocarcinoma in situ [AIS]), inflammatory nodules, and benign nodules. Group B consisted of 135 cases with invasive lesions (minimally invasive adenocarcinoma [MIA], invasive adenocarcinoma [IAC], and other malignant lesions). Various CT features were compared between the 2 groups. The diagnostic efficacy of an AI-CAD system and radiologists’ reports for benign and malignant nodules were analyzed. A multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed to determine independent predictors of malignant GGN. A model that combined the AI system and manual extraction of radiological features was constructed. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was used to evaluate the diagnostic efficiency of the model. Results: Significant differences were found between malignant and benign groups according to the following 7 CT features: The GGN size (long and short diameters), vacuole sign, air bronchogram sign, vascular convergence sign, vascular perforator sign, interlobular septal obstruction sign, and spiculation (P < 0.05). The volume and mean CT values of precursor glandular lesions of the lungs were significantly different from those of invasive lesions (P < 0.05). The logistic regression model showed that the sensitivity and specificity of the AI system in diagnosing malignant groups were 0.756 and 0.696, respectively. The sensitivity and specificity of radiologists’ reports in diagnosing the malignant groups were 0.726 and 0.783, respectively. The combination of the 2 had a sensitivity of 0.768 and a specificity of 0.793. Conclusion: Prediction of the nature of GGNs based on CT features, including the vacuole sign, vascular perforator sign, and interlobular septal obstruction sign, were relatively accurate for a preliminary diagnosis. The AI system had a poorer diagnostic accuracy for GGNs than radiologists’ reports of CT images. The combination of AI and radiologists’ reports showed the highest diagnostic efficacy.
General properties of verbs of movement in English
Authors: Хидирова Г.А. , Курбанова П.Г.
Published: June 2024

в статье анализируются общие свойства глаголов движения в английском языке. Глаголы движения представляют собой слова с широким значением, передающим обобщенный характер понятия движения. Слова широкого значения уточняются в контексте, реализуясь в лексических вариантах. Из ряда этих вариантов выделяется главный лексический вариант, который не ограничен сочетаемостью и может реализоваться в нескольких дистрибутивных формулах. В английском используется один и тот же глагол широкой семантики, тогда как в русском приходится выбирать новый глагол в зависимости от других слов. В связи с этим, конкретное значение английских глаголов движения зависит от контекста в значительной мер, чем в русском, где английскому глаголу широкой семантики соответствуют слова с более конкретной семантикой. Такие формулы дополняют толкование глаголов, помогая воспринимать их семантику. В отдельных случаях сложно описать лексические варианты, не указывая, на характерные им, синтаксические связи. В отдельных случаях единственным признаком для них является синтаксическая связь. На нее приходится опираться при выделении семантики в дистрибутивных формулах.

the article analyzes the general properties of verbs of movement in the English language. Verbs of movement are words with a broad meaning that conveys the generalized nature of the concept of movement. Words of broad meaning are clarified in context, being realized in lexical variants. From a number of these variants, the main lexical variant stands out, which is not limited by compatibility and can be implemented in several distributive formulas. In English, the same verb is used in a wide range of semantics, whereas in Russian you have to choose a new verb depending on other words. In this regard, the specific meaning of English verbs of movement depends on the context to a large extent than in Russian, where the English verb of broad semantics corresponds to words with more specific semantics. Such formulas complement the interpretation of verbs, helping to perceive their semantics. In some cases, it is difficult to describe lexical variants without pointing out their characteristic syntactic connections. In some cases, the only sign for them is a syntactic connection. It is necessary to rely on it when allocating semantics in distributive formulas.
Aplikasi Metode DMAIC untuk Meminimasi Cacat Produk Kantong Semen Jenis Kraft
Authors: Raodah Raodah
Published: June 2024

Semen merupakan salah satu bagian penting dari material konstruksi. Proses pembuatan semen terdiri dari bahan baku batu kapur dan tanah liat serta bahan penunjang lainnya. Kantong semen merupakan kemasan yang digunakan oleh Perusahaan semen untuk melakukan packing produk akhir. Pada proses produksi kemasan, sering terjadi cacat pada kemasan sehingga menyebabkan kerugian pada Perusahaan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk meminimasi tingkat cacat produk kantong semen menggunakan metode Define, Measure, Analysis, Improve, Control (DMAIC). Hasil penelitian diperoleh bahwa pada proses produksi kantong semen kraft terdapat tiga jenis penyebab defect yang menjadi Critical to Quality (CTQ), antara lain pengeleman tidak sempurna, lipatan mulut tidak sejajar dan kantong robek. Berdasarkan diagram pareto diketahui penyebab defect paling dominan dan dari hasil perhitungan nilai Sigma, diperoleh rata-rata Tingkat Sigma sebesar 4,35 dengan DPMO sebesar 2.263 unit. Dengan menggunakan Cause and Effect diagram dapat ditemukan faktor-faktor penyebab defect kantong semen dan memberikan usulan tindakan perbaikan agar dapat mengurangi kegagalan produk kantong semen, meningkatkan mutu kantong semen dan diharapkan dapat mencapai zero defect.
Perhitungan Volume Produksi Menggunakan Break Even Point (UMKM Tahu XYZ)
Authors: Alan Roso Dewanto  , David Mulyana  , Leo Deby Eko Saputra  , Joko Sutopo
Published: June 2024

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis Break Even Point (BEP) sebagai alat perhitungan yang diperlukan untuk menentukan volume penjualan yang harus dicapai oleh UMKM Produksi Tahu XYZ. BEP merupakan titik impas di mana total biaya sama dengan total pendapatan, di mana laba bersihnya adalah nol. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk membantu pemilik UMKM Tahu XYZ dalam mengetahui titik di mana usaha mereka mencapai titik impas dan mulai mencapai keuntungan. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode analisis deskriptif dengan mempertimbangkan biaya tetap sebesar Rp 90.450, biaya variable sebesar Rp 279.000, dan harga jual per unit tahu kuning sebesar Rp 200.000 sedangkan untuk tahu putih Rp 170.000. Data yang digunakan untuk analisis BEP dikumpulkan dengan cara wawancara dan juga dari catatan keuangan dan laporan penjualan UMKM Produksi Tahu XYZ. Tujuan penerapan teknologi informasi khususnya POM for Windows untuk memaksimalkan pendapatan produksi UMKM XYZ adalah untuk memperkirakan keuntungan maksimal yang dapat diperoleh dari setiap produksi tahu dalam satu hari dengan lebih tepat sehingga perhitungannya lebih tepat. Hal ini dapat dilakukan dengan menerapkan metode BEP.
Transformasi Kualitas Pelayanan E-Commerce Lazada Pendekatan Inovatif dengan Metode Importance Performance (IPA) di Kecamatan Sinjai Barat
Authors: Nur Ihwan Safutra  , Asrul Fole  , Muhammad Dahlan  , Rahmat Yusuf
Published: June 2024

Kemajuan teknologi telah mengakibatkan peningkatan jumlah pengguna internet. Fenomena ini memiliki dampak signifikan terhadap pola interaksi dalam transaksi jual-beli melalui internet (E-Commerce). Penelitian ini bertujuan mengidentifikasi dan memberikan rekomendasi perbaikan mengenai persepsi pelanggan terhadap kualitas pelayanan Lazada di Sinjai Barat, Sulawesi Selatan, Indonesia. Metode yang digunakan adalah Analisis Importance Performance (IPA). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa perlu peningkatan kualitas pelayanan Lazada. Atribut penting pada kuadran A menunjukkan kepuasan rendah, sehingga perbaikan harus dilakukan pada atribut tersebut. Saran yang diberikan adalah meningkatkan layanan dengan fokus pada atribut penting, memahami perbaikan yang diperlukan secara mendalam, dan melibatkan kuadran B, C, dan D untuk kepuasan pelanggan menyeluruh. Penelitian berikutnya dapat mempertimbangkan faktor loyalitas pelanggan. Dalam konteks ini, kecepatan pengiriman dan ketepatan produk dengan gambar adalah masalah utama yang perlu diatasi. Dengan meningkatkan kualitas pelayanan, Lazada dapat meningkatkan kepuasan pelanggan dan memperoleh kepercayaan yang lebih kuat dari pelanggan. Penting bagi Lazada untuk fokus pada atribut-atribut yang dianggap penting oleh pelanggan, memperbaiki sistem pengiriman, dan meningkatkan komunikasi dengan pelanggan. Dengan melakukan perbaikan yang tepat, Lazada dapat memperbaiki reputasinya dan memperkuat posisinya di pasar e-commerce Sinjai Barat, Sulawesi Selatan, Indonesia.
RECENT ADVANCES IN FOOD ANALYSIS
Authors: S. R Ramyashree , B Rekha , Giri Snehal , S. L Swetha
Published: June 2024

Hippocrates' proverb says "Let food be thy medicine and medicine be thy food" indicates the significance of food for human health. Scientists can now prove the impact of food on human health rather than just speculating about it because to recent advancements in analytical techniques. Food science has also advanced significantly in recent years, creating new food products, finding methods for producing them, and enhancing packaging materials, food shelf-life, and sensory properties. Food physical chemistry, which studies both physical and chemical interactions in foods, food microbiology, and food chemistry—all of which are concerned with evaluating the molecular composition of food and its involvement in chemical reactions—all benefited greatly from the new analytical techniques
TRUST-BASED CROSS-LAYER SECURITY MECHANISMS AGAINST ATTACKS IN MANETS
Authors: Kumar Dr.R.Naveen , Bapuji Dr. V.
Published: June 2024

To increase the network efficiency among the different layers a cross-layer design concept is used to protect from various attacks. A trust based cross layer defense framework is designed to detect the vulnerability of attacks at different layers. A cross-layer attack is a collection of attack activities that are conducted coordinately in multiple network layers in order to achieve specific attack goals. A trust based packet forwarding scheme detecting and isolating the malicious nodes using the routing layer information. It uses trust values to favor packet forwarding by maintaining a trust counter for each node. A node is punished or rewarded by decreasing or increasing the trust counter. If the trust counter value falls below trust threshold, the corresponding intermediate node is marked as a malicious. The experimental results show the proposed framework can efficiently minimize the attacks. A cross-layer attack is a collection of attack activities that are conducted coordinately in multiple network layers in order to achieve specific attack goals
EVENT DETECTION BASED ON IMAGES
Authors: Venkateshwarlu Dr. P. , Manjula Dr. B.
Published: June 2024

Multimedia event-detection had acquired a great deal of interest in regards with progress of video-technology and increase in multi-media data. The video content complexities including repeated individuals interaction, different scenes and noisy overlapping becomes tedious to characterise the event concepts and subjects. However in assuming, dynamic data nature, imbalanced data issue, higher volume in image streams, it becomes impractical to determine and classify the events based on features.The study propounded to determine such events from multiple image classes using convolutional neural networks, ReLu and Softmax activation functions
THE RELEVANCE OF PHENOMENOLOGY IN THE ANALYSIS OF LITERATURE: A SCHOLARLY EXPLORATION
Authors: Kotte Mr. Rupesh
Published: June 2024

This article explores the profound relevance of phenomenology in literature analysis. Phenomenology is a philosophical approach based on an understanding of subjective experience, offering a unique lens for exploring literary works. Based on an extensive literature review, discussion, theoretical frame work, detailed analysis, and concrete case studies, this article explores how phenomenology delves into the depth of interplay between character consciousness, emotional landscape, and perception. Explains how it enriches the interpretation of literature and reality. Synthesis of phenomenology and literary analysis reveals a complex relationship between human experience and creative expression. This article explores the close relationship between phenomenology and literary analysis. Phenomenology, a philosophical framework grounded in the study of human experience, offers a unique lens for understanding and interpreting literature. This article examines the theoretical foundations of phenomenology and its application in literary analysis, presenting in-depth analyzes and case studies that demonstrate the wealth of insight it brings to the field of literary studies. Phenomenology, a philosophical approach that seeks to understand human experience and its underlying structure, has emerged as a valuable lens for analyzing literary works. This article discusses the importance of phenomenology in literature analysis. Through a detailed literature review, discussion of theoretical frameworks, and examination of case studies, this article explores how phenomenology enhances our understanding of literary texts, enriches their interpretation, and explores the complex interactions between readers and texts.
ELEMENTS OF ALIENATION AND EXISTENTIALISM IN DOSTOEVSKY’S NOTES FROM UNDERGROUND
Authors: Singh Dr. Santosh
Published: June 2024

Alienation is considered as a recent phenomenon in the arena of literature. The approach of alienation as central theme can be traced in early 20th century but its root is before 19th century. Alienation can be term as a form of rootlessness, loss of identity, or a state of isolation, which provides the perfect platform of literary studies. It is a major theme of human predicament in the prevailing epoch. It is a powerful force which can move either way, humans may have influenced negatively, vulnerability, and violence, on the other hand it also provides one to introspect and intellectual independency. These features make it natural to leave such an indelible impact upon the contemporary literature. The theme of alienation has a close association with existentialism or absurdity. The theme finds a prominent place in literature and is dealt with persistence in contemporary literature. Modernisation and advancement of science and technology, one can clearly see how individuals are shifting from rural community to isolated urban life. European novelists explore these relationships with each other and with social institutions, leading us to be increasingly individualistic in our thinking and thus alienated. Human finds isolated in this hostile world and fails to understand the very purpose of the life. The researcher through this study will discuss and analyse the theme of alienation in Dostoevsky’s ‘Notes from Underground’. It is a novel written by Fyodor Dostoevsky, published in 1864. It is considered one of the first existentialistic work of the fiction, exploring the themes of nature, free will and the consequences of living in a society that values rationality and progress. Throughout the novel the narrator struggles with his own sense of alienation and tries to find some kind of purpose or meaning to live the life which he fails.
THE QUEBEC NOVEL IN MULTI PERSPECTIVES
Authors: Priya A Ms. Banu , Thiyagarajan Dr. K.
Published: June 2024

THE QUEBEC NOVEL of the last decade in many ways radically different from those of present -classic texts of the 1960s that first attracted the attention of American critics. Those novels seemed borne on the wave of a new sense of national identity associated with Quebec’s Quiet Revolution. A bursting of the forth creative activity made names like Marie-Claire Blais, Hu-bert Aquin, Michel Tremblay, Jacques Godbout, Anne Hébert, and Réjean Ducharme familiar even to an American public. Together, these writers produced a sense of a lively new Quebec, satirizing the complacent of old ways and looking toward new, even revolutionary forms of political and artistic expression. Following closely on their heels, a generation of feminists translated this sense of newly-emerging identity from nationalism to gender, and writers like Nicole Brossard, France Theoret, Madeleine Gag- non, and Louky Bersianik became the spokespersons for an active feminist movement that broke with traditional generic models and experimented with language as a means of representing difference. Emerging from a remarkably close-knit intellectual community located primarily in Montreal, the major Quebec novelists of the 1960s and 1970s seemed to share similar concerns, often ideological as well as artistic, and to participate in a homogeneous society, whereas one undergoing rapid change.
THE THEME OF SOCIAL STRUGGLE IN MULKRAJ ANAND’S “UNTOUCHABLE”
Authors: Rajan Dr. V. Gurudev , Kannan Dr. K.
Published: June 2024

India's revolutionary writer of the 20th century, Mulk Raj Anand, altered the way people wrote and thought about Indian fiction. Prior to him, novelists who had created fiction tended to focus on the idealized and romantic aspects of life. The problems in society were less in number. The field of fiction writing underwent a transformation thanks to the writing of Mulk Raj Anand. For the benefit of the underprivileged and untouchables, he penned the novels. Through his works, he addressed problems such as casteism, capitalism, feudalism, colonialism, and imperialism. He confronts one of the main social ills in Indian society—a stain on Indian society, culture, and legacy that has colonised 85% of the population—in Untouchable, a topic that has gone unaddressed by other authors. The Indian people's inventiveness has suffered because of this sensibility. Untouchability and casteism are stains on humanity's good name. Anand appears to be standing up for the untouchables' and oppressed peoples' rights to justice, equality, and freedom. In colonial and post-independence India, he worked to advance basic human rights and needs. Among all essential rights, he believed that respect for human dignity was the most important. The main character, Bakha, harboured grudges but suppressed them out of caste-related dread. Every untouchable person in India is symbolised by the Hindu god Bakha.
CONFLUENCE OF INTELLIGENCE: AI AND IOT IN THE TAPESTRY OF FUTURISTIC NETWORK AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES
Authors: Shaik Prof. Dr. Amjan , Shaik Nazeer
Published: June 2024

The technological landscape is on the cusp of a profound evolution, marked by the convergence of Artificial Intelligence (AI), the Internet of Things (IoT), and cutting-edge advancements in network and communication technologies. This paper navigates through the transformative journey toward Connectivity 2030, unraveling the promises and challenges that lie ahead. Key components such as 5G evolution, quantum networking, edge computing, AI integration, blockchain security, and IoT orchestration are examined. Through comparative analysis and mathematical scrutiny, we quantify the performance metrics, offering objective insights. Ethical considerations in the intelligent ecosystem are explored, emphasizing privacy, algorithmic bias, and responsible deployment. As we embark on this journey, the goal is to equip stakeholders with a comprehensive understanding of the intricate web of technologies shaping the future of connectivity.
UNEARTHING THE ENVIRONMENT IMPACTS OF AGRICULTURE: A COMPREHENSIVE ANALYSIS
Authors: Gururani Deepika , Jamwal Avani , Saini Rashmi
Published: June 2024

Environment and agriculture are interdependent. Both positive and negative effects of agriculture on the environment are significant. Not only does agriculture have an impact on the environment, but also environmental changes pose a threat to agriculture. Changes and fluctuations in the climate pose a severe threat to world agriculture. It is widely accepted that changes in temperature, distribution of rainfall, sea level, and concentrations of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere would have the worst consequences on agricultural production.The chapter focuses on the manner in which agriculture affects the environment and how to mitigate those consequences. so that we might fulfil the rising demand for food supply as the population expands. Agriculture also provides people a livelihood while destroying other fauna’s habitat. Environment plays a significant role in determining agricultural productivity. A third of the planet's land area is devoted to agriculture, which is reliant on the natural ecosystem as a whole. Due to global warming, catastrophic occurrences like floods, tornadoes, and water shortages will become more powerful and frequent in the upcoming years. The water balance and farm production will suffer as a result of these occurrences. Through the production of greenhouse gases including nitrous oxide, methane, and carbon dioxide, agriculture is impacted by climatic change. The direct causes of these emissions are the use of tillage techniques, fossil fuels, livestock dung, and, to a great extent, fertilised agricultural soils. Research of this kind examines possible physical effects of environmental change on agriculture.
SURFACE DRAINAGE MANAGEMENT FOR PROFITABLE SESAME CULTIVATION IN A HUMID SUBTROPIC ENVIRONMENT
Authors: Ali M. H. , Biswas P.
Published: June 2024

Besides drought, the most detrimental abiotic factor that impacts sesame production is water-logging. Drainage may remove surplus moisture from the ground, enhancing plant root development, plants stand, and consequently results in higher seed yield. To find out optimum drain spacing for sesame, a study was undertaken at four sesame growing areas of Bangladesh, during two consecutive years (2020 and 2021). Control (regular flat ground, no special drain) (T1), 200 cm wide beds and then a 30 cm drain (10 cm depth) (T2), 150 cm wide beds and then a 30 cm drain (T3), and 100 cm wide beds and then a 30 cm drain (T4), were the drainage treatments. Binatil-2 (V1), Binatil-3 (V2), and Binatil-4 (V3) were the test varieties. Sesame beds with a 30 cm drain and a width of 100 cm (T4) produced the best seed output. However, from an economic standpoint, a bed that is 150 cm broad and has a 30 cm drain between the beds (T3) is the best since it has the highest BCR (1.43) and net profit. Hence, a 150 cm broad bed with a 30 cm drain between the beds is recommended for profitable sesame cultivation in the studied areas. The results can also be extended for the similar soil and climatic areas.
CURRENT ADVANCES AND FUTURE PROSPECTS IN AGRICULTURE ENGINEERING
Authors: Tyagi Vatsala , Saini Rashmi
Published: June 2024

Agricultural engineering has essential role in handling the growing problems the agricultural sector is facing globally, including food security, sustainability, and environmental impact. This chapter explores the future trends in agricultural engineering, with a focus on emerging technologies and innovative practices that have the potential to transform conventional farming systems. It investigates key areas such as bee vectoring technologies, indoor vertical farming, precision agriculture, farm management software, livestock farming technologies, real-time kinematic (RTK) technology, farm automation, laser scarecrows, minichromosome technology, water management technology, robotics and automation, data analytics and agricultural informatics, biotechnology, and the integration of the Internet of Things (IoT) and blockchain in agriculture. By shedding light on these future trends, this chapter seeks to offer insightful information to researchers, stakeholders, and policymakers, assisting them to envision and embrace sustainable and technologically advanced solutions for the future of agriculture which is also in consonance the Sustainable Development Goal 2 (SDG 2).
WORLD BREAD MAP
Authors: Cinar Zeynep , YAVUZ Sevtap , Yaman Hulya
Published: June 2024

While ancient civilizations consumed mixtures of water and various seeds, the progress of humanity has led to a widespread array of ingredients and improved production techniques for bread-making. The utilization of fire marked a shift to settled living and agriculture. Cultivating wheat and milling it into flour introduced the concept of bread. The revolutionary discovery of yeast transformed traditional bread, allowing the creation and consumption of soft, fluffy, and substantial loaves. Over time, diverse types of bread have emerged, influenced by distinct cultures, geographical locations, religions, dietary preferences, climates, and ways of life. Originating in Mesopotamia, bread embarked on a journey of diversification and enrichment as it traversed through different countries and societies, ultimately resulting in the abundance of bread varieties in today's global culinary landscape.
MANGROVE ECOSYSTEMS AND THEIR CONSERVATION
Authors: Bhattacharya Rayan , Chanda Sayani , Mondal Anwesha , Ankuria Animesh
Published: June 2024

Mangrove ecosystems are arguably the most productive and diversified ecosystems present on the planet. Coastal ecosystems vary from the dense mangrove forests near the river mouth to the coastal dunes of the beach and the seagrass beds to the beautiful coral reefs just to name a few. Mangrove ecosystems are one of the most productive ecosystems in the planets, ecosystems like mangrove forests and seagrass beds are the best carbon sinks in the planets. Moreover, the high nutritive content in the mangrove areas makes the ecosystems coming under this banner the ideal site for breeding and nursery for many a marine finfish, shellfishes, reptiles and mammals. Also, the high biological productivity of the mangroves ecosystems also made these areas the center of human activities for millennia. Mangrove ecosystems provide an extensive spectrum of goods and services: they are primarily responsible for the production of fish, shellfish, and seaweed for both human and animal consumption; and they are a significant source of fertilizer, pharmaceuticals, cosmetics, household products, and construction supplies. Apart from diversity and productivity and services to human society, mangrove ecosystems are one the fastest depleting ecosystems of the globe at present. This chapter mainly focuses on the mangrove ecosystems, the threats they face and their conservation aspects.
GREEN SYNTHESIS OF SILVER NANOPARTICLES USING AQUEOUS EXTRACT OF LYCOPERSICON ESCULENTUM L. VAR. PKM 1
Authors: S Manjula Devi. , Gayathri V. , Allen Princy A.P. , Anitha R.
Published: June 2024

Green synthesis is a low-cost and environmentally friendly method of producing silver nanoparticles on a big scale. Silver nanoparticles were created in this study using an aqueous leaf powder extract of Lycopersicon esculentum L. var PKM 1. Characterization of silver nanoparticles at optimum condition was done using SEM analysis. This showed the presence of silver nanoparticles at a higher range in tomato plants treated with mixture of organic fertilizer and biofertilizer rather than the control plant. EDAX analysis showed the presence of various elements at different concentration levels. The elements present in the control tomato plant were Carbon, Oxygen, Silver, Chlorine and Gold. Apart from these elements, the mixture of organic fertilizer and biofertilizer treatment showed the presence of Silicon at 2% level. The percentage of silver in tomato plants treated with mixture of organic and biofertilizers was found to be higher (9%) when compared to the control plant (4%). The percentage of Gold was equal (2%) in both control plants and plants treated with mixture of organic and biofertilizers. The presence of silver in the tomato plants treated with mixture of organic and biofertilizer shows that the plant could be used for the production of particles at nano scale that has a wide range of application in industry.
WASTE MANAGEMENT IN FOOD AND AGRICULTURAL INDUSTRIES
Authors: Shital Vipin Pagey Dr.
Published: June 2024

Industrialization and rapid urbanization, results in decrease in global food production and agricultural and farming sectors. Though production food and agricultural products is declined there is production of waste and its harmful repercussions. . The levels of surplus in food and agriculture have already reached critical proportions. Many countries have already taken steps to reduce this surplus. But it is necessary to apply the principles of reduction, conservation, recycling, repurposing, and reuse to manage the waste produced due to food and agricultural industries. For this purpose waste management hierarchy should be implemented. Categories and source of waste should be identified. Then sustainable technologies in Food and Agricultural Waste Management should be developed.
ISOCHORIC FREEZING: AN INNOVATIVE TECHNOLOGY FOR FRUITS AND VEGETABLES PRESERVATION
Authors: Bisht Charu , Semwal Deeksha
Published: June 2024

Low-temperature preservation of food is a well-established technique. Despite the fact that traditional methods for food preservation are based on isobaric (constant pressure), it is often found that they produce a number of irrevocable modifications that considerably affect the characteristics of foods that have been frozen. The perishability of fruits and vegetables makes them susceptible to degradation. The shelf life of different fruits and vegetables must be extended while maintaining their physical and nutritional characteristics, thereby requiring a reliable preservation method. In recent years, there has been growing attention from both the research and commercial sectors towards isochoric freezing, which is proving to be a successful method for preserving food by maintaining a constant volume. Food is preserved longer during isochoric processing since it is carried out at a sub-zero temperature. This sustainability will reduce price fluctuations, solve issues of food safety and security, reduce post-harvest losses, and improve market viability. Additionally, poultry and other meat products with improved keeping qualities have proved the potentiality of this technique. The problems encountered during preservation can be solved by the technique of isochoric freezing. This freezing technique has the potential to substitute for every other method of preservation because it uses less energy to maintain the quality of food. It is an emerging area of food preservation that needs more attention from researchers as well as food manufacturers.
GENOME ENGINEERING WITH CRISPR/CAS9 FOR CROP IMPROVEMENT
Authors: Mote Gopika K , Jadhav Pravin V , Mahobia Arpita , Moharil Mangesh P , Kharche Vilas
Published: June 2024

Targeted genome engineering, commonly referred to as genome editing, a recent development in the life sciences, is one of the best instances of a technology used to investigate the biological phenomenon. Over a decade ago, among the existing genome editing technologies like Zinc Finger Nucleases (ZFNs) and TAL effector nucleases (TALENs), the CRISPR/Cas9. (Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats/CRISPR-associated) have gain importance due to its simplicity, accessibility, low cost and flexibility. This chapter is addressing details about genome engineering with the use of CRISPR/Cas9 in crop improvement. It also glimpse on the history of genome engineering, variants of CRISPR/Cas system, components of CRISPR/Cas system, advances in CRISPR/cas technology like base editing, prime editing, CRISPR multiplexing, epigenome editing, challenges in use of CRISPR/Cas9.
CRISPR-CAS9: REVOLUTION IN GENE EDITING
Authors: Saha Mou , Roy Sreayosi S. , Chakraborty Piali
Published: June 2024

CRISPR-Cas9 is one of the most used genetic tools with which we can edit parts of genome by adding, removing or replacing DNA sequences. Another advantage of CRISPR editing is we can observe this mechanism in bacteria as their natural defense mechanism. This chapter explains the background research works and the hypothesis that was made by Eugene Koonin, a researcher of the US National Centre for Biotechnology Information that CRISPR system might be a revolution in DNA editing. Also we explained how with time CRISPR gets into genetic engineering and established itself as a potential genetic tool to geneticists and medical researchers. The in-detailed study and explanation related to CRISPR and Cas-9 protein is also included in this chapter-making it an outstanding source to understand the molecular mechanisms related to CRISPR-Cas9 system. The classification of Cas-9 system and the potential applications of it will provide the learners enormous insights and will guide them to focus on the application part of CRISPR Cas-9 system in further researches.
DEVELOPMENT OF IMPROVED Z SOURCE CONVERTER FOR SVPWM BASED PMSM
Authors: Rahiman Riyaz A , Devi, P S. Sri , Karuvelam Subha , Kavin K. S.
Published: June 2024

Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motors (PMSM), which operate at extremely high speeds, are frequently used in a broad range of industrial applications today that demand high levels of precision and efficiency, including robots numerical control machines and broad speed range and high efficiency. The performance of a photovoltaic (PV) panel is enhanced by the employment of a improved Z-Source Converter (ZSC) driving mechanism for PMSM in this work.When the PMSM has to function at a fast speed, the ZSC offers a programmable boost voltage. Utilizing Space Vector Pulse Width Modulation (SVPWM) control methods, the PMSM drive's speed is managed. The SVPWM Technique is one of the essential PWM methods for regulating PMSM using a three-phase voltage source inverter (VSI). The PMSM is driven by analysis and simulation using Matlab-Simulink. The PMSM's speed at 2000 and 2500 RPM remains steady after 0.35 and 0.45 seconds, respectively.
AN ANALYTICAL REVIEW ON COGNITIVE TRAINING FOR BEHAVIORAL IMPROVEMENT, BRAIN REWIRING AND MEMORIZATION DURING ADOLESCENCE PERIOD USING NEURAL PLASTICITY
Authors: Pratyasha Prateek , Gupta Saurabh , Prasad Padhy Aditya
Published: June 2024

Projection of neural connectivity occurs after some critical synaptic alteration during adolescence period. However, the adolescent brain is yet to be relied on pre-frontal cortex. On the other hand, hormonal changes, emotions, impulsive behaviors affect the brain maturity harshly which ultimately resists the development of brain. Hence, the adolescent brain needs to be rewired during such crucial impulsive age. Memories are associated with brain-rewiring; hence its potentiality needs to be retrieved efficiently for memory preservation. Till date, there is no reliability of diagnosis or medication to improve the potentiality of brain. Therefore, Neural Plasticity is the most approachable way to reorganize the neural pattern and boost up brain rewiring. This article is intended towards analyzing the hormonal and psychological attributes of brain during adolescence period and implicating neural plasticity as a cognitive training process to facilitate synaptic activities in neurons. For a holistic neuro-anatomical improvement, neural plasticity is served as the driving force to rewire brain functionality. It brings an immense change in neural pattern, there by triggers the synaptic activities. Although an inflicted fluctuate in plasticity level may impair the growth of rewiring, adolescent brain can regain its plasticity no sooner. Instead of any pharmacy dependent technique, brain stimulation can be followed on the basis of cognitive trainings for the overall development of adolescents.
ENHANCING MOBILITY AND FUNCTIONALITY: AN EXPLORATION OF KNEE JOINT ASSISTIVE DEVICES
Authors: Mythili Dr. C. , Ponram P.
Published: June 2024

An Exploration of Knee Joint Assistive Devices," provides a comprehensive exploration of these innovative devices and their profound impact on individuals with knee joint conditions. Knee joint assistive devices are designed to enhance mobility, alleviate pain, and improve the quality of life for those facing knee-related challenges. The core purpose of these devices is to restore and enhance knee joint functionality by providing external support, stability, and mobility assistance. They alleviate pain and promote proper alignment during movement, reducing stress on the knee joint. This chapter emphasizes the versatility of knee joint assistive devices, which benefit individuals with various knee issues, including chronic pain, osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, ligament injuries, and post-surgery recovery. They are equally valuable for individuals with muscle weakness or paralysis affecting the knee joint.The transformative impact of these devices is evident in the lives of those with knee joint conditions. They reduce pain, enhance functionality, and promote independence. Additionally, they play a preventive role by ensuring proper alignment and weight distribution, reducing the risk of further knee damage. In summary, this chapter highlights the pivotal role these devices play in improving the well-being and independence of individuals with knee joint impairments. They offer external support, stability, and mobility assistance, with the ultimate aim of alleviating pain, enhancing functionality, and improving the overall quality of life for those affected by knee-related issues. Proper selection, fitting, and usage of these devices can significantly enhance individuals' lives dealing with knee joint challenges.
AN APPROACH OR TORQUE RIPPLE MINIMIZATION IN BLDC MOTOR USING CASCADED H-BRIDGE MULTILEVEL INVERTER
Authors: M Murugan.
Published: June 2024

This work proposes a cascaded H-bridge multilevel inverter design for reducing torque ripple in brushless direct current (BLDC) motor drives. Efficiency and affordability are the main challenges for low power motor drives in residential applications. These applications often employ BLDC motor drives because to its high efficiency, minimal maintenance, and simple structure. Due to design and manufacturing constraints, the produced EMF is not perfectly trapezoidal and the current is not inactive. This causes ripples in the load torque, affecting the motor's performance. Using a multilayer inverter reduces the ripple in load torque. The CHB multilevel inverter is used for this purpose and its simulation results are examined in MATLAB/Simulink. The suggested architecture is confirmed using a hardware experimental setup that performs well over a broad range of speeds.
IMPROVEMENT OF SOLAR PV UNIT COMPETENCE THROUGH NEEM OIL AS COOLANT
Authors: Saravanapandian M. , Athimoolam S. , Manoharan L. , Sivakumar S.
Published: June 2024

The Solar PV cells are used to convert the sunlight into electricity and Sunlight radiation also have heat which is reduced to efficiency of the panel. The heat should be controlling the limited value or otherwise reduced the performance of the panel so that, heat is move to the cooling medium thus maintaining the heat in functioning limit. The proposed method is explained in the probability of cooling themonocrystalline and polycrystalline structure is used as neem oil throughincorporatedoilcontainer fitted into backside of the unit. The neem oil is not polluted the environment, thus also used to exchange noxious mineral oil. The neem oil moved from depository tank to backside of the unit and together in an additional depositor tank, thus be able to reuse. The proposed method is detailed investigated and functioning comparison takes place different PV type such as monocrystalline and polycrystalline module with various kind of edible oil. Thus, the important outcomes of method are decrease the panel temperature and enhance efficiency of the PV panel. The viscosity and calorific value are important parameter of cooling oil.
TRANSPARENT CONCRETE BLOCK
Authors: Halakatti Vijayakumar , Azam Mohammed , Shashank B , M Shwetha , D C Pavan
Published: June 2024

Transparent concrete, often referred to as translucent concrete or light transmitting concrete, is a novel type of concrete that was created in today's times. It has the unique ability of transmitting light due to the inclusion of glass rods. It is lighter than normal concrete and has specific properties such as low density and thermal conductivity, with the key advantages of reduced dead weight, faster construction rates, and lower transport and handling costs. Light is transmitted from one surface of the brick wall to the other by glass rods that run the length of the wall and allow light to pass through. An optical glass fiber (or optical fiber) is a flexible, transparent fibre made of glass (silica) or plastic that is slightly thicker than a human hair and can operate as a waveguide or "light pipe" for transferring light between two ends. The study's main goal is to build translucent concrete blocks with sand and cement, then compare their various physical and engineering features to ordinary concrete blocks by inserting glass rods of 1%, 2%, 3%, 4%, and 5% at 1.5 CMS spacing, respectively. According to the study, there is a 5% to 10% rise in initial compressive strength for 7 days and a 10% to 15% increase in initial compressive strength for 28 days to a glass rod mix of up to 3%. Whereas the initial and final characteristic compressive strength will continuously falls as the percentage of glass rods in the concrete mix increases.
SEWAGE WATER TREATMENT USING NANOPARTICLES
Authors: Isha Chhapadia Ms. , Agnus Amilie Musturu Ms. , Rakesh Mr. , Babitha Mrs.
Published: June 2024

Water is a spontaneous and vitally important resource of every living organism on earth for survival. Due to advances in technology in developing countries, the contamination in water increases so as to change the composition of sewage water and to develop a stable and reliable method different research is going on, one among them is the use of nanoparticles. Nanoparticles are used to remove heavy metals, and organic and inorganic pollutants from sewage water and extract purified water. Metal oxides, carbon nanotubes, and graphene are only a few examples of the many nanomaterials that have been researched. Nanoparticles limit the growth of bacteria and viruses in water resulting in suitable conditions for aquatic animals and the environment. The invention of nanomembranes is one of the most important uses of nanoparticles for water filtration. Nanomembranes are nanoparticles filled with thin-film membranes, which contain tiny pores that can effectively filter water of impurities while still enabling water molecules to pass through.
EXAMINING CHALLENGES AND OPPORTUNITIES IN THE COIR INDUSTRY OF TIRUNELVELI DISTRICT
Authors: Karuppasamy Dr. K.
Published: June 2024

This study examines the multifaceted challenges and opportunities within the coir industry of Tirunelveli District. The coir business is well rooted in tradition and plays an important role in the local economy and cultural heritage. The inquiry finds difficulties caused by technology standstill, labor scarcity, and environmental concerns. Simultaneously, growth opportunities are revealed through the use of sophisticated technology, skill training, sustainable practices, and diversity. The abstract captures the nuanced terrain of the coir business in Tirunelveli District, laying the groundwork for further investigation. The findings of this study can be used to guide strategic interventions, policy creation, and sustainable development activities in the coir business.
EFFECT OF GASLIGHTING ON MENTAL HEALTH OF ADOLESCENTS
Authors: Mamta Agarwal Dr.
Published: June 2024

Gaslighting is psychological manipulation of ideas, thought and action of a person over a long period of time. As its negative consequences, victims question the validity of their own thoughts, perception of reality, or memories. It leads to confusion, loss of confidence and self-esteem. The victim become uncertain for their emotional or mental stability. Gaslighting makes a person confused, isolate, powerless, doubtful and depressive. Person who experience gaslighting are at high risk of anxiety depression and suicidal thoughts. This study is an attempt to find the effect of gaslighting on adolescent’s mind because adolescence is the transitional stage of life where many physical and psychological changes occurs. Healthy social and emotional habits are important for their development. Any abusive act of others can make them feel emotionally and mentally ill. This study also suggests the strategies to prevent from this abusive behavior.
COMPUTATIONAL METHODS OF TIME SERIES FORECASTING IN DATA ANALYSIS
Authors: Kumari Prity , Vekariya P. R , Garde Y. A
Published: June 2024

The chapter delves into the crucial role of computational techniques in predicting future trends and patterns from time series data. Time series forecasting has become an indispensable tool across disciplines such as economics, weather prediction, and stock market analysis, where understanding and predicting temporal dynamics are paramount. It begins by elucidating the essence of time series data, which captures observations sequentially over time. To extract valuable insights from such data, advanced computational methods have been devised to model and predict future observations based on historical patterns. The chapter delves into prominent computational methods, including autoregressive integrated moving average (ARIMA), exponential smoothing, and more contemporary approaches like machine learning and deep learning techniques. These methods capitalize on historical data patterns, seasonality, and external factors to generate accurate forecasts. Furthermore, the study recognizes the challenges inherent in time series forecasting, such as non-stationarity, irregular intervals, and noisy data. It emphasizes how computational advancements have addressed these challenges by enabling the development of more robust and adaptable forecasting models. In conclusion, illuminates the critical role of computational techniques in distilling meaningful insights from time series data. By leveraging a spectrum of methodologies, researchers and practitioners can decipher complex temporal patterns, thereby empowering accurate predictions and informed decision-making in a diverse array of fields.