bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Seroprevalence of Hepatitis E Among Boston Area Travelers, 2009–2010
Authors: Barbre Kira A. , Jentes Emily S. , Drobeniuc Jan , Kamili Saleem , Hamer Davidson H. , Barnett Elizabeth D.
Published: January 2017

We determined the prevalence of IgG antibodies to hepatitis E virus (anti-HEV IgG) among travelers attending Boston-area travel health clinics from 2009 to 2010. Pre-travel samples were available for 1,356 travelers, with paired pre- and post-travel samples for 450 (33%). Eighty of 1,356 (6%) pre-travel samples were positive for anti-HEV IgG. Compared with participants who had never lived in nor traveled to a highly endemic country, the pre-travel prevalence odds ratio (POR) of anti-HEV IgG among participants born in or with a history of previous travel to a highly endemic country was increased (POR = 4.8, 95% CI = 2.3–10.3 and POR = 2.6, 95% CI = 1.4–5.0, respectively). Among participants with previous travel to a highly endemic country, anti-HEV IgG was associated with age > 40 years (POR = 3.7, 95% CI = 1.3–10.2) and travel history to ≥ 3 highly endemic countries (POR = 2.7, 95% CI = 1.2–5.9). Two participants may have contracted HEV infection during their 2009–2010 trip.
Effect of Home Modification Interventions on the Participation of Community-Dwelling Adults With Health Conditions: A Systematic Review
Authors: Stark Susan , Keglovits Marian , Arbesman Marian , Lieberman Deborah
Published: February 2017

OBJECTIVE. This systematic review investigated the role of home modification interventions to improve participation outcomes for community-living adults and older adults.

METHOD. Thirty-six articles met the inclusion criteria. The majority of the studies investigated older adult populations and used occupational therapists as interventionists.

RESULTS. Strong evidence was found for home modification interventions to improve function for people with a variety of health conditions and for both single and multicomponent interventions that included home modifications to reduce the rate and risk of falls among older adults. Moderate evidence was found for improved caregiving for people with dementia.

CONCLUSION. Comprehensive, higher intensity interventions demonstrated greater efficacy to improve occupational performance. Emerging evidence was also found for the role of occupational therapy in providing effective home modification interventions. Implications for occupational therapy practice, education, and research are discussed.
Wet precipitation in northern Argentina: chemical characterization of soluble components in the Lerma Valley, Salta.
Authors: Romero Orué María , Gaiero Diego , Paris Marta , Fórmica Stella , Murray Jesica , De la Hoz Mauro , López Emilce , Kirschbaum Alicia
Published: January 2017

Soluble components in rainwater were studied in Valle de Lerma (Salta-Argentina). The studied area is located in the central south area of Salta Province in the Cordillera Oriental region, Northwest Argentina. The largest urban area corresponds to Salta city, where sample collection and analysis of rainwater were performed between 2009 and 2012 periods. Conductivity and pH were measured on each sample, and major (Cl-, NO3-, SO42-, Na, Mg, K, Ca) and trace elements (Al, Mn, Co, Cu, Zn, As, Sb, Ba and Pb) were analyzed. Multivariate statistical calculation and enrichment factor were applied to the obtained data. Atmospheric dust collected on the same sampling stations were used as reference for enrichment factors calculations. The local rainwater presents significant enrichment in Ca, Cu, Zn, As, Sb and Pb while statistical analyses indicate a direct correlation between them. The association of elements in the rainwater is similar to those for the polymetallic ore deposits outcropping in the Puna-Altiplano region, which are located to west of the study area. Satellite images as well as previous research indicates transport of atmospheric dust from the Puna-Altiplano to the East, where Valle de Lerma is suited. We conclude that this phenomenon gives a particular print to the chemistry of the rainwater in this area. This work corresponds to the first study of the rainwater’s chemical composition in this region. As Salta city lacks of significant air pollution or major sources from anthropogenic activities, the data on this paper establish the background of the Valle de Lerma rainwater geochemistry.
Critical Literacy for Information Professionals
Authors: Wickline Mary A.
Published: January 2017

Not applicable
Evaluación de la probabilidad de impacto de la Tierra con el Asteroide 2011 AG5
Authors: Schöngarth Carías Roberto
Published: February 2017

El objeto NEA 2011AG5 es un asteroide de unos 140 metros de diámetro, descubierto el 8 de enero de 2011 desde el Monte Lemmon en Estados Unidos. Tiene una órbita que lo convierte en un asteroide potencialmente peligroso, o sea un objeto cuya órbita tiene una distancia menor a 0.05UA respecto a la órbita de la Tierra en su punto más cercano. Por sus características orbitales, se trata de un objeto tipo Apolo, o sea asteroides que cruzan la órbita de la Tierra con un perihelio menor a 1.0167UA. En este trabajo se modeló el movimiento orbital del objeto NEA 2011AG5 para un período aproximado de 28 años, que abarca desde el año 2012 hasta el año 2040 utilizando el integrador numérico EVORB, un programa basado en arquitectura FORTRAN para modelar la dinámica de los objetos en un sistema estelar. Se realizaron 100 corridas del programa con base en los parámetros orbitales estimados al 18 de abril de 2013. Después de asegurar que los parámetros orbitales de entrada, obtenidos aleatoriamente, cumplen con una distribución normal dado su Jarque Bera menor a 5.991 para un α=0.05, se estimó que el máximo acercamiento ocurrirá el 4 de febrero de 2040. Para este acercamiento se estima una distancia media de 1,087,412 Km con una desviación estándar de 46,637 Km, en un acercamiento probable calculado para el 4 de febrero de 2040 a las 8h37m hora universal, con una desviación estándar de 48m04s. La probabilidad de impacto se concluye nula.
Una mirada al Ordenamiento Territorial en Venezuela en el Marco del Ecosocialismo
Authors: García Rosa Corina
Published: February 2017

El presente documento tiene por finalidad hacer referencia al proceso de ordenación del territorio en Venezuela, su vinculación con la nueva visión planteada que confiere el Plan Patria 2013-2019 y los patrones de desarrollo que exige actualmente el país. En tal sentido, primeramente se hace referencia al marco legal que rige la ordenación del territorio en Venezuela, el proceso de ordenación territorial, los instrumentos de ordenación del territorio que se han construidopara su gestión en el extinto Ministerio del Poder Popular para el Ambiente (MINAMB), (hoy Ministerio del Ecosocialismo y Aguas-(MINEA), los ámbitos que abarca la ordenación del territorio, tanto en espacios denominados áreas ordinarias, como en los espacios protegidos; los enfoques metodológicos seguidos en dicho proceso y su relación con los paradigmas del Ecosocialismo y Ecodesarrollo, lo que justifica su divulgación en el marco de los esquemas de ordenación territorial. La investigación es de carácter ontológico, ya que se encuentra subyacente la experiencia habida como funcionaria en las actividades de ordenación territorial a nivel técnico y gerencial en el extinto MINAMB; también es de carácter descriptivo y documental lo que permitió realizar un análisis situacional que condujeron a unas conclusiones sobre la materia presentada, en las cuales se destaca,que la metodología de ordenamiento territorial integral y participativa seguida en el MINAMB, derivó en un espiral de aprendizaje colectivo e implicó un replanteamiento epistemológico, político y metodológico, con instrumentos de planificación elaborados desde una óptica holística con y para la comunidad, en concordancia con el entorno ambiental.
Editorial Edición especial
Authors: Castillo Herrera Beverly
Published: January 2017

Revista Científica de FAREM-Estelí
Laparoscopic management of biliary obstruction secondary to sarcoidosis
Authors: Hamby P. , Reizenman A. , Walker J. Patrick
Published: February 2017

Evaluation of the patient presenting with an elevated bilirubin often involves a study of the biliary tract for potential obstruction. Potential etiologies for obstruction of the common bile duct (CBD) include choledocholithiasis, pancreatic or ampullary neoplasm, cholangiocarcinoma, or extrinsic compression. Extrinsic compression can be from the gallbladder itself (Mirizzi’s syndrome) or a neoplasm in adjacent lymph nodes. We describe an unusual cause of CBD obstruction – sarcoidosis; as well as the workup, and the laparoscopic treatment of regional sarcoidosis.
The Psychological Effect of Errors in Standardized Language Test Items on EFL Students’ Responses to the Following Item
Authors: Khaksefidi Saman
Published: January 2017

This study investigates the psychological effect of a wrong question with wrong items on answering to the next question in a test of structure. Forty students selected through stratified random sampling are given 15 questions of a standardized test namely a TOEFL structure test in which questions number 7 and number 11are wrong and their answers to the next question is being analyzed. Three way ANOVA determines whether the total scores of the students, also their age, and gender affect the students’ responses to the upcoming question or it is just a psychological factor affecting students’ responses. The results showed that only 20 percent provided true answers; among them were only very proficient and proficient students. Age and gender were not considered significant factors in this regard. The correct answers were attributed to their full mastery over the structure and their personality type rather than the psychological factor. Most of the students were psychologically affected by a wrongly given item. Thus, it is suggested that test givers and teachers ignore the wrongly given question and also the upcoming one in order to prevent the psychological factor that makes students provide unsure and false answers to the question.
Impact of Knowledge Sharing and Leakage on Innovative Performance
Authors: Adaileh Mohammad J , Abu AlZeat Hasan Z
Published: February 2017

Organizations share knowledge in order to achieve its strategic objectives and enhance innovative performance, most important business process and critical knowledge are subjected to unwanted leakage. This study focused on the aspects and concerns associated with knowledge sharing within and outside organizations. To achieve this objective, the study construct, validate, and test the structure equation modeling for knowledge sharing, knowledge leakage, and innovation performance. A survey was designed and the data were collected in 2015 from managers and owners of 600 industrial companies in KSA. The total responses were 276. Confirmatory factor analysis was used to validate the constructs, then subjected to structure equation modeling to test hypothesis. Model fit parameters indicated normal fit and suitability as the research model. Finding indicated that knowledge leakage negatively mediate the positive impact of knowledge sharing on innovation performance, and some of leakage may be beneficial and have a positive impact, especially when sharing knowledge with customers and competitors in order to develop market innovation. Theoretical implication supplement few empirical studies that shown knowledge leakage as mediator leads to minimize positive results of knowledge sharing. Since KSA recently began the transition to knowledge economy, where much of knowledge sharing occurs dramatically, the study provides analytical framework for Managerial and practical implication about important aspects of knowledge sharing, the method and measures proposed by this study allow organizations to map, formalize and measure their knowledge activities, model can be applied in corporate level to identify the specific impact among organizational units and company's networks.
Explorations of Universal Order and Beauty in Paul Hindemith’s Symphony Die Harmonie der Welt
Authors: Bruhn Siglind
Published: January 2017

On 11 August 1957, the Munich Opera Festival premiered a recently completed opera by the celebrated German composer Paul Hindemith, Die Harmonie der Welt. Hindemith bases the dramaturgical and musical features of this opera on the scientific and spiritual content found in the writings of the 17th-century mathematician, astronomer and philosopher Johannes Kepler. Six years before he started working on this opera, the composer responded to a commission received from the Swiss conductor and patron of contemporary composers, Paul Sacher, by quickly composing and sending off the Symphony Die Harmonie der Welt which, as the composer writes in the program book for the first performance, “develops passages from the opera” in three movements entitled with terms taken from Boethius: I Musica instrumentalis, II Musica humana, and III Musica mundana. What are we to make of the explanation that the symphony “develops passages” from a work of which as yet nothing, neither libretto nor music, existed on paper? I want to show that it is tempting to assume a creative process that matures from the spiritual and aesthetic idea through a composition of musical material into components that would later serve both an instrumental and a music-dramatic representation of the subject.
On Architecture as a Spatial Art
Authors: Sauchelli Andrea
Published: January 2017

I present and evaluate various criticisms against the view that architecture and architectural value are to be understood solely in terms of internal space. I conclude that the architectural value of a building should not be limited to its internal spatial effects because the value of other elements, such as (non-spatial) function, materials, ornamentation, and so on cannot all be reduced to spatial values.
Between Signsystems and Affects
Authors: Sjöholm Cecilia
Published: January 2017

Gotthold Ephraim Lessing’s Laocoon (1766) saw that the signification of art cannot be dissociated from its media. A visual work of art and a literary work originates in different spatial and temporal conditions, Lessing argued, serving thereby to liberate art from the tradition of ut pictura poesis. Lessing’s impact has been discussed in the tradition of modernism through Babbitt, Eisenstein and Greenberg, and there been associated with the notion that the work of art is autonomous. In Lessing’s own text, however, there is no clear conception of a work of art “an sich”. Instead, the work of art is characterized in an indirect manner, through the sense perception of the reader or viewer. Lessing’s Laocoon can be rethought from the perspective of affect. In his text, the human body has a central place, and Lessing’s investigation into the signification of the Laocoon can be formulated as the question: How does the embodied mind respond to the image of a human body? Departing from this concern, Lessing’s text does not only look at the object of aesthetics; it constructs an aesthetic subject, in which the embodied conditioning of sense perception and the question of affect is central. Making the statue of Laocoon a primary example in his study, Lessing inserts himself in a long tradition of the study of affects where Laocoon represents the most pain that a human can bear, whether that pain is corporeal or emotional.
Nomadic Performativity and the Immanent Ethics of Life
Authors: Žukauskaitė Audronė
Published: January 2017

This essay discusses Gilles Deleuze and Félix Guattari’s notion of nomadology, which can be used as the basis for an ontological and aesthetic alternative to our understanding of representational theatre. Referring to different meanings of nomadology, the essay argues for the notion of nomadic performativity, which can be applied to recent non-representational performative practices. For this purpose the essay makes an indirect comparison between Deleuze and Guattari’s philosophical ideas and their sporadic insights into art, such as Francis Bacon’s paintings and Antonin Artaud’s theatre. Deleuze discusses theatre in “One Less Manifesto”, his only text directly dedicated to theatre and to Carmelo Bene’s productions. Referring to the structural deformations in Bene’s work, Deleuze argues for non-representational theatre, based not on representation and identity but on continuous variation and differentiation. In other words, if theatre as a form of representation creates a striated and hierarchized space that embodies and increases power, the non-representational theatre creates a nomadic smooth space of continuous variation, which transposes everything into a constant becoming. In this respect nomadic performativity covers these meanings: first, it is a distribution of intensities, which come to replace forms, bonds, organized hierarchies; second, it refers to fusional multiplicities rather than self-identical subjects; and third, it opens up the potential for change and “becoming-minor” instead of representing major figures of power.
How to Address Politics of the Body in Participatory Performance? On the Possibilities of Sensory Fields and Collective Body Techniques as Analytical Tools
Authors: Lahtinen Joonas
Published: January 2017

This article discusses the importance of and challenges in analyzing and contex- tualizing the ways of bodily participation in participatory performance practices. The writer suggests that the crucial ideological assumptions, as well as the processes of exclusion and inclusion of any participatory project, are not to be seen solely in their “goals” or “themes”, but, even more distinctly, in the modes of bodily participation that they employ. The writer presents a novel performance analytical framework that takes the bodily dimension – what is actually done to and expected from the bodies of the participants during the performance event – as the starting point for critical analysis. Drawing especially from Jacques Rancière’s and Marcel Mauss’s views of human perception and experience, the main concepts of this framework are ‘sensory fields’ and ‘collective body tech- niques’. The writer also shows how these concepts have informed his research on Lois Weaver’s performance What Tammy Needs to Know About Getting Old and Having Sex (2008).
Cultural Encounters in Modern Productions of Greek Tragedy
Authors: Wilmer S.E.
Published: January 2017

The exiled character in need of asylum is a recurrent theme in ancient Greek tragedy. In many of these plays, we see uprooted and homeless persons seeking sanctuary, and for the ancient Greeks, hospitality was an important issue. Many of these plays have been updated to comment on the current social and political conditions of refugees and often reflect on the notion of hospitality, something which both Emmanuel Levinas and Jacques Derrida considered to be fundamental to ethics.

Recently there has been a series of demonstrations and occupations of public spaces by asylum seekers that has gained considerable news coverage. In Austria a group of about sixty refugees (from the Afghanistan-Pakistan border area) occupied the famous Votiv church in the middle of Vienna in 2012 and went on hunger strike. In Germany a large group of asylum seekers marched from various parts of the country to Berlin where they occupied the square at the Brandenburg Gate before being allowed to establish a tent community in Kreuzberg. In Hamburg a group of 80 asylum seekers who came to Germany via Lampedusa found refuge in St Pauli church, and it was there that Nicholas Stemann presented a first reading of Elfriede Jelinkek’s play Die Schutzbefohlenen in September 2013. More recently right-wing groups have mounted weekly marches through Dresden to call for a halt to immigration, and these have been contested by simultaneous counter-demonstrations in favour of immigrants and refugees. In this paper I will consider several adaptations of Greek tragedy that highlight cultural encounters between the local population and those arriving from abroad who are looking for asylum. In particular I will examine Stemann’s production that has been running at the Thalia Theater in Hamburg since September 2014, and features asylum seekers from Lampedusa on stage who beg the audience for the right to remain in Germany.
Beyond the Gaze. Translations as a Norm-Critical Praxis in Theatre for Children and Young.
Authors: Lundberg Anna
Published: January 2017

This article is based on the project Experimental theatre:. Intersectional encounters between dramatic art, school and academia, financed by the Swedish Research Council. It is an action research project on interactive dramatic art based at ung scen/öst (Östgötateatern), an experimental theatre group for children and young people..  with Malin Axelsson is the group’sas artistic director. Project manager Anna Lundberg has a background in drama studies and gender studies.The troika of dramatic art-school-academia provides an empirical focus, coupled with a closer analysis of the artistic processes between children and adults based on productions by ung scen/öst.What happens with the staging when the method involves open collaboration and shared learning? How is knowledge and meaning negotiated in artistic endeavours The project includes two performances and a publication. The project received financial support from the Swedish Research Council for the period 2012–2013.This article focuses on translation practices at ung scen/öst, the creative processes within the project built by the group as a form, i.e. director, ensemble (actors), researcher and other members of the artistic team exploring ideas and expressions and creating theatre together.
Los foros de Internet como espacios de la migración mediatizada de argentinos
Authors: Busso Mariana Patricia
Published: February 2017

En este artículo se presenta un análisis de los foros de Internet como interfaces privilegiadas para analizar los procesos migratorios contemporáneos y, en especial, el fenómeno de la emigración reciente de argentinos del período 2001-2005, a la que se caracteriza como mediatizada. Reconociendo la especificidad de los foros como un espacio donde se dota de sentido y se problematiza la migración a partir de la participación discursiva de los propios actores, se presentarán las modalidades específicas de construcción de colectivos de identificación de migrantes directamente vinculados con la participación en tales espacios.
Microinfiltração marginal em restaurações classe V de resina composta, associada a adesivo com e sem carga
Authors: Aquino Cintia , Sokolonski Ana Rita , Mathias Paula , Araújo Roberto Paulo Correia de
Published: January 2017

Objetivo: avaliar, comparativamente, a infiltração marginal de restaurações em resina composta, nas quais foi utilizado um sistema adesivo sem carga, Adper Scotchbond Multi-Uso® (3M ESPE), e de outros três sistemas adesivos com carga Optbond FL® (Kerr), Adper Single Bond 2® (3M ESPE), Prime & Bond NT® (Dentsply). Metodologia: cavidades classe V, com dimensões preestabelecidas, envolvendo esmalte e dentina, foram confeccionadas nas superfícies vestibulares e linguais de 40 molares humanos hígidos. Os dentes foram divididos aleatoriamente em quatro grupos de 10. Após a profilaxia, cada grupo foi restaurado com um dos sistemas adesivos e com resina composta Filtek Z-250®, inserida em três incrementos e fotoativada por 20 segundos, com o aparelho Optilight Plus®, emitindo luz halógena com intensidade de 400mw/cm2. Os corpos de prova foram submetidos à termociclagem em água (50C ±20C a 550C ± 20C) com 30 segundos de imersão e 5 segundos de intervalo entre cada banho, num total de 500 ciclos. Em seguida, foram imersos em solução de nitrato de prata a 50%, por 2 horas. Os dentes foram seccionados na direção mesiodistal, usando-se disco diamantado dupla face, e avaliados com uma lupa estereoscópica 50X de aumento. A extensão da penetração do corante na interface da restauração foi mensurada com o auxilio de um paquímetro digital. Os dados obtidos foram submetidos ao teste ANOVA. Resultados: não foram encontradas diferenças estatísticas significativas entre os grupos. Conclusão: o Adper Single Bond 2® e o Prime & Bond NT® demonstraram menores medidas de microinfiltração.
Crianças com microcefalia associada a infecção congênita pelo vírus Zika: características clinicas e epidemiológicas num hospital terciário
Authors: Abreu Thais Titonel , Novais Michelli Christina Magalhães , Guimarães Isabel Cristina Britto
Published: January 2017

Introdução: um aumento do número de recém-nascidos com microcefalia tem ocorrido no Brasil. Este aumento tem sido associado à infecção congênita pelo vírus Zika. Devido a brevidade da identificação do vírus no país, aspectos que podem estar associados à gravidade da condição de doença destes recém-nascidos ainda carecem de ser mais estudados. Objetivo: Descrever a idade gestacional, peso ao nascer, Apgar e tempo de internamento de recém-nascidos com microcefalia associados a possível infecção congênita pelo vírus Zika num hospital terciário de Salvador.  Metodologia: estudo descritivo, transversal; referente a crianças com microcefalia associada a possível infecção congênita pelo vírus  Zika, nascidas em um hospital terciário, público, da cidade de Salvador, Bahia, Brasil. Resultados: foram selecionadas 18 recém-nascidos com microcefalia e possível infecção congênita pelo Zika. Destes, 12 (66,6%) eram do sexo feminino e 6 do sexo masculino. A idade gestacional média da amostra foi de 37(2,9) semanas; perímetro cefálico 27,8(2,2) centímetros; peso ao nascer 2079,8 (560,9) gramas. O Apgar médio apresentado no primeiro minuto foi de 7, assim como no quinto minuto. O tempo médio de internamento foi de 30 dias. Três crianças (16,6%) evoluíram ao óbito em menos de 24 horas após o nascimento. Conclusão: observa-se a presença de fatores de morbidades na amostra estudada. Estudos que dimensionem o quantitativo de recém-nascidos comprometidos podem evidenciar suas necessidades e auxiliar no direcionamento de ações de planejamento público.

 
Aposentadoria Especial para Profissionais de Saúde
Authors: Falcão Antonio Fernando Pereira
Published: January 2017

A Aposentadoria foi instituída e reconhecida Legal e Constitucionalmente como um Direito dos Trabalhadores. Para os segurados que exercem atividades sob as condições que prejudiquem a saúde ou a integridade física, definidas em Lei Complementar é assegurada a denominada Aposentadoria Especial prevista nos artigos 57 e 58, Lei 8.213/91, que dispõe sobre a Aposentadoria Especial:

Subseção IV - Da Aposentadoria Especial
Art. 57. A aposentadoria especial será devida, uma vez cumprida à carência exigida nesta Lei, ao segurado que tiver trabalhado sujeito a condições especiais que prejudiquem a saúde ou a integridade física, durante quinze, vinte ou vinte e cinco anos, conforme dispuser a lei. § 1º A aposentadoria especial, observado o disposto no art. 33 desta Lei, consistirá numa renda mensal equivalente a 100% (cem por cento) do salário de benefício. 

...
Bright, Stable, and Biocompatible Organic Fluorophores Absorbing/Emitting in the Deep Near‐Infrared Spectral Region
Authors: Lei Zuhai , Li Xinran , Luo Xiao , He Haihong , Zheng Jing , Qian Xuhong , Yang Youjun
Published: January 2017

Small‐molecule organic fluorophores spectrally active in the 800–950 nm region are sought‐after for their broad potential in biomedical and material applications. We have developed a new family of brightly fluorescent dyes (ECX) to meet this challenge. ECX dyes are transparent to the visible region, while strongly absorbing in the NIR region at approximately 880 nm. They emit at around 915 nm with a fluorescence quantum yield up to 13.3 %. ECX dyes exhibit high chemostability, high photostability, and low tendency to aggregate. Other merits of ECX dyes include low degree of solvatochromism and facile post‐synthetic derivatization. ECX dyes potentially make available the 800–950 nm region for spectroscopic and microscopic applications and are also expected to find broad material applications.
Synthesis and characterization of bromine source immobilized on diethylenetriamine‐functionalized magnetic nanoparticles: A novel, versatile and highly efficient reusable catalyst for organic synthesis
Authors: Shiri Lotfi , Rahmati Sadegh , Ramezani Nejad Zahra , Kazemi Mosstafa
Published: January 2017

Bromine source immobilized on magnetic nanoparticles functionalized with diethylenetriamine was successfully synthesized and characterized using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, vibrating sample magnetometry, thermogravimetric analysis and X‐ray diffraction. The catalytic activity in the synthesis of 2,3‐dihydroquinazoline‐4(1H)‐one and polyhydroquinoline derivatives and in Knoevenagel condensation was studied. The bromine catalyst can be magnetically recovered and reused several times without significant loss of its catalytic activity. All products were obtained in high to excellent yields.
Preparation and characterization of nanomagnetic piperidinium benzene‐1,3‐disulfonate ionic liquid as a novel, green and heterogeneous catalyst and its use in the synthesis of 1H–pyrazolo[1,2‐b]phthalazine‐5,10‐diones and 1H–pyrazolo[1,2‐a] pyridazine‐5,8‐diones under solvent‐free conditions
Authors: Ghorbani‐Vaghei Ramin , Mahmoodi Jafar , Maghbooli Yaser
Published: January 2017

The one‐pot four‐component synthesis of 1H–pyrazolo[1,2‐b]phthalazine‐5,10‐diones and 1H–pyrazolo[1,2‐a]pyridazine‐5,8‐diones was carried out from the reaction between various aldehydes, malononitrile, hydrazine hydrate and phthalic anhydride or maleic anhydride at 110 °C in solvent‐free conditions using piperidinium benzene‐1,3‐disulfonate nanomagnetic ionic liquid (NMIL) as a novel and reusable catalyst. Some advantages of the presented procedure are a significant reduction in cost, effective catalysis and reusability of the catalyst. NMIL was thoroughly characterized using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X‐ray diffraction, scanning and transmission electron microscopies, thermogravimetry, derivative thermogravimetry, B
runauer–Emmett–Teller analysis, vibrating sample magnetometry and energy‐dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy. The technique is developed as a suitable and safe method for the synthesis of 1H–pyrazolo[1,2‐b]phthalazine‐5,10‐diones and 1H–pyrazolo[1,2‐a]pyridazine‐5,8‐diones making use of an efficient and reusable green catalyst.
Bio‐based thermoplastic polyurethane and polyamide 11 bioalloys with excellent shape memory behavior
Authors: Rashmi B. J. , Loux C. , Prashantha K.
Published: January 2017

Bio‐based blends of commercially available polyester based bio thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) and castor oil based polyamide 11 (PA11) of different ratios are prepared by melt processing. The blends properties such as shape memory behavior through unconstrained and constrained recovery, interfacial interaction, morphology, dynamic mechanical, rheological, and mechanical behavior are studied. A strong interface between the two polymeric phases due to hydrogen bonding observed through morphology indicates that TPU and PA11 are well compatible. The complex viscosity of blends ranges between that of neat PA11 and TPU. Thermal analysis shows that higher the TPU content lower the melting point (Tm) corresponding to PA11 and the crystallization temperature (Tc) remains unaltered. Adding TPU to PA11 ductility and impact strength of the blends increases significantly with the small reduction in their tensile strength. Shape memory behavior investigation reveals that, blends recover almost 95% of the applied deformation when heated at zero load and they recovered a stress of 1.8–3.2 MPa in constrained recovery during three consecutive thermomechanical cycles. The reported results on bioalloys promotes the usage in multidisciplinary field of intelligent devices, such as ergonomic grips and sports shields. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2017, 134, 44794.
The impact of water management practices on subtropical pasture methane emissions and ecosystem service payments
Authors: Chamberlain Samuel D. , Groffman Peter M. , Boughton Elizabeth H. , Gomez‐Casanovas Nuria , DeLucia Evan H. , Bernacchi Carl J. , Sparks Jed P.
Published: January 2017

Pastures are an extensive land cover type; however, patterns in pasture greenhouse gas (GHG) exchange vary widely depending on climate and land management. Understanding this variation is important, as pastures may be a net GHG source or sink depending on these factors. We quantified carbon dioxide (CO2) and methane (CH4) fluxes from subtropical pastures in south Florida for three wet‐dry seasonal cycles using eddy covariance, and estimated two annual budgets of CO2, CH4, and GHG equivalent emissions. We also estimated the impact of water retention practices on pasture GHG emissions and assessed the impact of these emissions on stakeholder payments for water retention services in a carbon market framework. The pastures were net CO2 sinks sequestering up to 163 ± 54 g CO2‐C·m−2·yr−1 (mean ± 95% CI), but were also strong CH4 sources emitting up to 23.5 ± 2.1 g CH4‐C·m−2·yr−1. Accounting for the increased global warming potential of CH4, the pastures were strong net GHG sources emitting up to 584 ± 78 g CO2‐C eq.·m−2·yr−1, and all CO2 uptake was offset by wet season CH4 emissions from the flooded landscape. Our analysis suggests that CH4 emissions due to increased flooding from water management practices is a small component of the pasture GHG budget, and water retention likely contributes 2–11% of net pasture GHG emissions. These emissions could reduce water retention payments by up to ~12% if stakeholders were required to pay for current GHG emissions in a carbon market. It would require at least 93.7 kg CH4‐C emissions per acre‐foot water storage (1 acre‐foot = 1233.48 m3) for carbon market costs to exceed water retention payments, and this scenario is highly unlikely as we estimate current practices are responsible for 11.3 ± 7.2 kg CH4‐C emissions per acre‐foot of water storage. Our results demonstrate that water retention practices aimed at reducing nutrient loading to the Everglades are likely only responsible for a minor increase in pasture GHG emissions and would have a small economic consequence in a carbon market.
Impact of sample preparation on physical quantification of filling fats and oils in fresh and stored chocolate
Authors: Rothkopf Isabell , Kind Janina , Zuber Johannes , Danzl Wolfgang , Ziegleder Gottfried
Published: January 2017

Filling fat and oil migration in filled chocolate products often cause quality loss, such as fat bloom or changes in texture. Therefore, and due to legal restrictions, the detection and quantification of filling fats and oils in chocolate is of interest. Common methods are fatty acid or triacylglycerol (TAG) analysis by GC or HPLC. Additionally, NMR and DSC are used to evaluate migration especially in stored products. Using DSC, the melting and crystallization peak of a filling oil can be detected directly, while NMR turns the reduction of solid fat content (SFC) caused by filling fats and oils to account. However, fat and oil migration is not the only effect during storage, which might affect NMR and DSC measurements. Post‐crystallization is also of interest. Therefore, DSC and NMR methods were used to observe and to evaluate the detectable amount over time. Dark chocolate was mixed with hazelnut oil, butterfat, and coconut oil. Samples were stored and analyzed using NMR and DSC. Additionally, methods to destroy thermal history of the sample were investigated. We found that post‐crystallization, which occurs during the first 2 wk after production, has a major impact on detectability of filling fats and oils using physical methods. However, standardized sample preparation was successfully applied and amounts below 1 g per 100 g sample were detectable and amounts above 1–2 g were quantifiable with slender time and effort.

Practical applications: Filling fat and oil migration during production and storage is a major problem with regards to product stability and shelf life. Especially filling migration during storage is reported to be an activator for fat bloom formation. Physical methods are a cost and time efficient way to control and adjust processing. Our results report sample preparation techniques to detect filling fats and oils in fresh and stored chocolate. This provides the possibility of large scale storage tests with focus on fat and oil migration.

Fresh and stored dark chocolate was analyzed with regards to filling fat content using DSC and NMR. Impact of sample preparation on decision and determination limit was evaluated.
Characterising Uncertainty in the Assessment of Medical Devices and Determining Future Research Needs
Authors: Rothery Claire , Claxton Karl , Palmer Stephen , Epstein David , Tarricone Rosanna , Sculpher Mark
Published: January 2017

Decisions about the adoption of medical interventions are informed by evidence on their costs and effects. For a range of reasons, evidence relating to medical devices may be limited. The decision to adopt a device early in its life cycle when the evidence base is least mature may impact on the prospects of acquiring further evidence to reduce uncertainties. Equally, rejecting a device will result in no uptake in practice and hence no chance to learn about performance. Decision options such as ‘only in research’ or ‘approval with research’ can overcome these issues by allowing patients early access to promising new technologies while limiting the risks associated with making incorrect decisions until more evidence or learning is established. In this paper, we set out the issues relating to uncertainty and the value of research specific to devices: learning curve effects, incremental device innovation, investment and irrecoverable costs, and dynamic pricing. We show the circumstances under which an only in research or approval with research scheme may be an appropriate policy choice. We also consider how the value of additional research might be shared between the manufacturer and health sector to help inform who might reasonably be expected to conduct the research needed. © 2017 The Authors.Health Economicspublished by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Challenges in the Assessment of Medical Devices: The MedtecHTA Project
Authors: Tarricone Rosanna , Torbica Aleksandra , Drummond Michael
Published: January 2017

Assessing medical devices (MDs) raises challenges which require us to reflect on whether current methods are adequate. Major features of devices are: (i) device–operator interaction can generate learning curve effects; (ii) incremental nature of innovation needs to be addressed by careful identification of the alternatives for comparative and incremental cost‐effectiveness analysis; and (iii) broader organizational impact in terms of training and infrastructure, coupled with dynamic pricing, requires a more flexible approach to costing.

The objective of the MedtecHTA project was to investigate improvements in HTA methods to allow for more comprehensive evaluation of MDs. It consisted of several work packages concerning (i) the available evidence on the currently adopted approaches for regulation and HTA of medical devices; (ii) the geographical variation in access to MDs; (iii) the development of methodological frameworks for conducting comparative effectiveness research and economic evaluation of MDs; and (iv) the organizational impact of MDs.

This introductory paper summarizes the main results of the project and draws out the main overarching themes. This supplement represents a comprehensive report of all the main findings of the MedtecHTA project, and it is intended to be the main source for researchers and policy makers wanting information on the project. © 2017 The Authors. Health Economics published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Prediction of drug‐induced liver injury using keratinocytes
Authors: Hirashima Rika , Itoh Tomoo , Tukey Robert H. , Fujiwara Ryoichi
Published: January 2017

Drug‐induced liver injury (DILI) is one of the most common adverse drug reactions. DILI is often accompanied by skin reactions, including rash and pruritus. However, it is still unknown whether DILI‐associated genes such as S100 calcium‐binding protein A and interleukin (IL)‐1β are involved in drug‐induced skin toxicity. In the present study, most of the tested hepatotoxic drugs such as pioglitazone and diclofenac induced DILI‐associated genes in human and mouse keratinocytes. Keratinocytes of mice at higher risk for DILI exhibited an increased IL‐1β basal expression. They also showed a higher inducibility of IL‐1β when treated by pioglitazone. Mice at higher risk for DILI showed even higher sums of DILI‐associated gene basal expression levels and induction rates in keratinocytes. Our data suggest that DILI‐associated genes might be involved in the onset and progression of drug‐induced skin toxicity. Furthermore, we might be able to identify individuals at higher risk of developing DILI less invasively by examining gene expression patterns in keratinocytes. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Substance use and depression in home visiting clients: Home visitor perspectives on addressing clients’ needs
Authors: Dauber Sarah , Ferayorni Frances , Henderson Craig , Hogue Aaron , Nugent Jessica , Alcantara Jeannette
Published: January 2017

Substance use and depression are prevalent among mothers enrolled in home visiting programs and are significant risk factors for child maltreatment, yet most home visiting programs are staffed by workers who lack the training and clinical skills to address these risks. Emanating from one state network's interest in advancing its practice in this area, the current study surveyed 159 home visitors on their current practices, training, knowledge, and perceived self‐efficacy, and perceived system‐ and client‐level barriers regarding client substance use and depression. Home visitors reported managing maternal depression more extensively than substance use, though overall management of both risk areas was low. More training was associated with more extensive management of both risk domains, as was greater home visitor knowledge and self‐efficacy. Implications for the development of strategies to improve home visitor management of client behavioral health risks, including enhanced skills‐based training and supervision, are discussed.
Raspberry ketone supplement promotes early sexual maturation in male Queensland fruit fly, Bactrocera tryoni (Diptera: Tephritidae)
Authors: Akter Humayra , Mendez Vivian , Morelli Renata , Pérez Jeanneth , Taylor Phillip W
Published: January 2017

BACKGROUND

Raspberry ketone (RK) is highly attractive to sexually mature, but not immature, males of many Bactrocera species, including Queensland fruit fly (‘Qfly’, Bactrocera tryoni), and acts as a metabolic enhancer in a wide diversity of animals. We considered the possibility that, as a metabolic enhancer, RK in adult diet might accelerate sexual maturation of male Qflies.

RESULTS

Recently emerged adult Qfly males (0–24 h old) were exposed to RK‐treated food for 48 h and were then provided only sugar and water. Four doses of RK (1.25, 2.5, 3.75 and 5%) along with control (0%) were tested with two types of food: sugar alone and sugar mixed with yeast hydrolysate (3:1). For flies tested when 4–10 days old all RK doses increased mating probability of flies fed sugar mixed with yeast hydrolysate but did not show any effect on mating probability of flies fed only sugar. No effects of RK were found for flies tested when 10–30 days old for either diet group. There was no evidence that RK affected longevity at any of the doses tested.

CONCLUSION

Feeding of RK together with yeast hydrolysate to immature Qfly increases mating propensity at young ages and accordingly shows significant potential as a pre‐release supplement that might increase the proportion of released flies that attain sexual maturation in Sterile Insect Technique programmes. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry
Meeting the Aichi targets: Pushing for zero extinction conservation
Authors: Funk Stephan M. , Conde Dalia , Lamoreux John , Fa Julia E.
Published: January 2017

Effective protection of the ~19 000 IUCN-listed threatened species has never been more pressing. Ensuring the survival of the most vulnerable and irreplaceable taxa and places, such as those identified by the Alliance for Zero Extinction (AZE) species and their associated sites (AZEs&s), is an excellent opportunity to achieve the Aichi 2020 Targets T11 (protected areas) and T12 (preventing species extinctions). AZE taxa have small, single-site populations that are especially vulnerable to human-induced extinctions, particularly for the many amphibians. We show that AZEs&s can be protected feasibly and cost-effectively, but action is urgent. We argue that the Alliance, whose initial main aim was to identify AZEs&s, must be followed up by a second-generation initiative that directs and co-ordinates AZE conservation activities on the ground. The prominent role of zoos, conservation NGOs, and governmental institutions provides a combination of all-encompassing knowhow that can, if properly steered, maximize the long-term survival of AZEs&s.
Certification of clinical and translational researchers: An ill-conceived notion
Authors: Marantz Paul R. , Selker Harry P. , Meagher Emma A.
Published: January 2017

The National Board of Medical Examiners (NBME) has instituted a new multiple choice examination in order to “certify” clinical and translational investigators. As experienced research educators, we argue that this certification process is unnecessary, values knowledge over competency, may be counter-productive, and is unlikely to achieve any worthwhile outcome. We lay out these arguments in the hope of stimulating a robust discussion among leaders, faculty, and learners engaged in clinical research education and training.
A model of Tell el-Amarna
Authors: Kemp Barry
Published: January 2017

Tell el-Amarna, the short-lived capital built by the pharaoh Akhenaten around 1350 BC, remains the largest ancient city in Egypt which is still above ground. Over the last century a succession of archaeological expeditions has revealed large areas of its plan. During 1999 the Boston Museum of Fine Arts, in connection with a temporary exhibition of Amarna art, commissioned a 1:400-scale model of a major part of the city, based on the survey which, in recent years, the Egypt Exploration Society has carried out. It was designed by Mallinson Architects, with advice from Bany Kemp, field director of the EES expedition to Amarna, and built by a Clapham firm of architectural modelmakers, Tetra (Andy Ingham Associates). The completed model measures 12 x 10 feet (3.7 x 3.0 metres).
Ridge and furrow survival and preservation
Authors: Hall David , Palmer Rog
Published: January 2017

Subdivided strip fields were widespread over most of lowland England before enclosure. Where datable they seem to originate in the late Saxon period and their use survived into the 19th century in some places. In East Anglia and southeast England strips were usually ploughed flat, but in most of the Midlands they were cast up to form ‘ridge and furrow’. This ridging technique was once used in a central band stretching from County Durham in the north to Somerset in the southwest.
Archaeology and education in Australia
Authors: Colley Sarah
Published: January 2017

Aboriginal, Historical and Maritime archaeology have been taught in Australian universities since the 1960s, and archaeology has made major contributions to our understanding of Australia's past. Yet many Australians are still more interested in archaeology overseas than in Australia itself. This partly reflects Australia's history as a former British colony which currently has a minority of indigenous Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people, many of whom regard archaeology as yet another colonial imposition which at best is largely irrelevant to their own understanding of their history. Present government policies empower Aboriginal people to veto certain kinds of archaeological research they do not agree with. At minimum this may require archaeologists to engage in what can become protracted consultation, with uncertain outcomes.