bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Mother Katharine Drexel’s Benevolent Empire: The Bureau of Catholic Indian Missions and the Education of Native Americans, 1885–1935
Authors: Bresie Amanda
Published: September 2014

Between 1885 and her retirement from ministry due to ill health in 1935, Mother Katharine Drexel had a significant impact on the effort to educate and evangelize Native Americans. While historians have acknowledged her monetary donations, the full scope of her partnership with the Bureau of Catholic Indian Missions (BCIM) has remained unexplored, in part because Drexel preferred to keep much of her work secret. Drawing heavily from BCIM correspondence, this article chronicles Drexel’s financial contributions, highlighting her guidance of the bureau’s work. Drexel provided the BCIM with millions of dollars to finance construction projects, insure churches and schools, publish reports and fundraising magazines, spread Catholic material culture, pay missionaries’ salaries, and establish a Catholic presence at government Indian schools. Promotion of strict accounting practices and attentiveness to her investments enabled Drexel to closely monitor her vast benevolent empire. These policies created tensions in a church not accustomed to such behavior from a female religious. This work examines the intersection of money and mission in the late nineteenth- and early twentieth-century Church in the United States.
A Saint of Their Own: Native Petitions Supporting the Canonization of Kateri Tekakwitha, 1884–1885
Authors: Hogue Kellie Jean
Published: September 2014

Between 1884 and 1885 members of Native North American tribes sent twenty-seven letters of petition to Pope Leo XIII in support of Kateri Tekakwitha’s cause for canonization. The petitions were published in 1916 along with documentation related to the canonizations of Isaac Jogues and Jean de Brébeuf, seventeenth century Jesuits martyred while ministering to Native Americans. As a collection, the petitions illustrate the demographic and geographic range of Native Catholic devotion to Kateri in the late nineteenth century and document the growth of Native Catholicism at a time when Catholic efforts to evangelize Native peoples had been affected by the exclusion of Catholics from President Grant’s Peace Policy. To explain the continued growth of devotion, a close reading of the first biographies of Kateri by Jesuits Claude Chauchetière (ca. 1680–1695) and Pierre Cholenec (1696) reveals that Native people were co-participants in the same saint-making effort the petitioners attempted. The early presence of Native people in the narratives, when combined with the petitions, is evidence of a Native-based independent oral tradition that paralleled the early stories of her life and enabled the growth of devotion to Kateri prior to her cause’s formal introduction in 1932.
Friend and Father to the Fatherless: Monsignor Nelson Baker’s Ministry to Youth
Authors: Gribble Richard
Published: September 2014

Venerable Monsignor Nelson Baker (1842–1936) built an iconic reputation through his supervision of St. Joseph Orphan Asylum and St. John’s Protectory, and his establishment of an infant home for unwed mothers in Lackawanna, New York, just south of Buffalo. For more than fifty years, Baker, who always preferred the more familiar title of Father Baker, served thousands of male youth, young mothers, and their children through a ministry of outreach and compassion. His institutions, locally known as the “Second Holy City,” educated, trained in trades, and gave proper religious formation to orphans and wayward boys who had no other place to go. Well known in his day, both locally through his work, and nationally through his two chief organs, the Annals and the Victorian , his work and holiness have been noted through his elevation to the ranks of “venerable” by Pope Benedict XVI in January 2011. His legacy remains today through Our Lady of Victory Homes of Charity and Baker Victory Services, as well as the Basilica of Our Lady of Victory.
“We find our sanctity in the middle of the world”: Father José Luis Múzquiz and the Beginnings of Opus Dei in the United States, 1949–1961
Authors: Requena Federico M.
Published: September 2014

Servant of God Father José Luis Múzquiz de Miguel helped found and consolidate Opus Dei in the United States between 1949 and 1961. Having worked closely with Opus Dei ’s founder, St. Josemaría Escrivá, during the 1930s and 1940s in Spain, Múzquiz was prepared to introduce Opus Dei in the context of 1950s U.S. Catholicism. While showing great fidelity to the foundational charism, Múzquiz strove to “Americanize” Opus Dei . This study of Múzquiz’s role in spreading the message of the universal call to holiness and Opus Dei ’s teachings on the sanctification of work and society highlights continuities and discontinuities between Opus Dei ’s message and pre-conciliar U.S. Catholicism.
Through Romanticism’s Looking Glass: Nostalgia, Taboos, and Cinematic Exorcisms in Josef Winkler’s The Cinemascreenwalker
Authors: Daffner Carola
Published: September 2014

Controversial Austrian writer Josef Winkler (born 1953) has continually criticized homophobic and xenophobic tendencies in Carinthia since the beginning of his writing in 1979. Informed by recent discussions of “Habsburg nostalgia” in contemporary Austrian culture, this study analyzes Josef Winkler’s literary road movie The Cinemascreenwalker (Focusfilm 2009) as a self-refl exive portrait of the artist. This investigation reveals that the writer’s cultural pessimism is deeply embedded in an awareness of Western cultural dominance influenced by Romantic creations of trademark and identity. At the same time, The Cinemascreenwalker negotiates its own immersion in commodified nostalgic attitudes through performative disruptions of spectatorial expectations, radicalizations of genre dictations, and aesthetic exorcisms of collective repressions. Winkler’s art experiment not only exposes oppressive social dynamics inherent in the perversion of Romantic idylls, it also mobilizes the Romantic trajectories in the context of their critical potentials.
From Purkersdorf to Peking: Tourism and Globalization in Ingeborg Bachmann’s Malina and Elfriede Jelinek’s Gier
Authors: Fleishman Ian Thomas
Published: September 2014

Beginning with an off-color and seemingly off-topic parenthetical joke near the conclusion of Elfriede Jelinek’s novel Gier (2000), this article reads that book beside a draft fragment of Ingeborg Bachmann’s 1971 novel Malina called “Besichtigung einer alten Stadt” in order to reveal how both authors simultaneously resist but neverthe-less participate in international literary tourism relating to their native Austria. Both authors grapple with what it means to write of a national home in an apparently postnational era, but whereas Bachmann’s work is still marked by a nostalgia for the inherently transnational Austro-Hungarian Empire, Jelinek comes to understand the postnational as the very occasion for the construction of national identity.
From the Island of the Blessed to Hades: Transforming Austria’s Global Image in Gerhard Roth’s Orkus
Authors: McChesney Anita
Published: September 2014

Positive myths have long defined Austria’s national image. Throughout the 1970s and 1980s the country projected itself as an “Island of the Blessed,” a secluded cultural paradise untouched by global concerns. Gerhard Roth’s works criticize this longstanding Austrian myth by exposing the underlying historical distortions. His Orkus cycle (1995–2011) offers an alternate national image by transforming Austria from the secluded blessed island into the global underworld Orcus. Roth’s contrasting image deconstructs the idealized elements of previous representations and reveals the historical manipulations inherent in all processes of creating national mythologies.
False Economy
Authors: McQuillan Martin
Published: September 2014

When we speak of the credit crunch of 2008-14, we are really referring to a debt crisis. Far from the aberrant outcome of an economic failure, however, debt is a necessary condition of all economy. This essay opens up the present banking crisis through a reading of Jacques Derrida’s Given Time . It addresses issues such as Credit Default Swaps and inter-bank lending through an understanding of finance as counterfeit money, and examines the question of credit as a problem of both faith and fiction. It concludes by attending to Baudelaire’s “ Assommons les pauvres! ” which Derrida describes as a “symmetrical counterpoint” to “ La fausse monnaie ,” the Baudelaire text that guides his own seminar.
Politics of the Debt
Authors: Balibar Étienne
Published: September 2014

This essay attends to the specifics of the debt economy within contemporary finance capital: its production of profit, credit, money, taxes, and derivatives; its control of institutions and its organizational techniques; its relation to the State, to banks, to industry, to labor, and to consumption; its management of risk and of cycles of boom and bust; and so forth. It offers a detailed account of debt as a generalized means of control and a powerful mechanism for generating, maintaining, and multiplying inequalities. Yet “debt” is not so much “sovereign” as characteristic of a quasi-sovereignty that remains susceptible to conflicts and contradictions. Thus, the essay asks questions about the limits of debt and debt accumulation. It also debates the possibility of debt cancellation, notably in the context of intensifying instabilities surrounding both the concept and practice of ownership or property.
What We Owe to Retroactivity: The Origin and Future of Debt
Authors: Wortham Simon Morgan
Published: September 2014

This essay examines recent writings on debt, notably those by Maurizio Lazzarato and David Graeber. I ask whether Graeber’s Debt: the First 5000 Years is able to resist the insidious logic of a retroactive interpretation of debt that it seeks to overturn. Meanwhile, Lazzarato’s notion of a catastrophic future-without-future of unending debt relies on an understanding of the ever-intensifying asymmetry of power. While this suggestion may derive from a strand of Nietzschean thought, the further implication of a debt so all-pervasive that it leaves no creditor intact opens up the possibility of rigorous thinking about the divisible limits of sovereignty and sovereign debt (an opportunity Lazzarato does not pursue). One can also excavate from Nietzsche the idea that the retroactivity so pivotal to the very possibility of debt is based on a false continuity between past and present, ‘origin’ and ‘aim’, which implies in turn that debt itself aggresses against temporal continuity in general. As such, debt’s ostensible sponsorship of neoliberalism’s violence against all future time itself becomes questionable and resistible.
Timing of seed dispersal in Pinus sylvestris stands in central Sweden
Authors: Hannerz Mats , Almqvist Curt , Hörnfeldt Roland
Published: October 2014

The objective of the study presented here was to describe the variation in timing of seed dispersal from Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) seed trees in central Sweden. Seeds were collected in traps at two sites, for three years at one, and four years at the other . The traps were emptied from March to August each year at 1â2 week intervals during the main period of seed dispersal. The annual seed fall varied between 200Â 000 and 1.6 million seeds per hectare. The seed fall started in mid to late April, shortly after the heat sum had started to accumulate. The most intensive seed fall took place in early to mid May. The peak period, when 50% of the total seed dispersal occurred, lasted for 18â28 days at the different sites and years. The variation in timing among years seemed to be mainly due to climatic factors â high temperatures promoted seed dispersal, for instance. The results may be useful for planning the time of scarification to optimise the natural regeneration of Scots pine. The data suggest that scarification in the spring, no later than mid-May, would generally create a good seed-bed for most of the current yearâs seeds, whereas scarification in late May or June would bury a large proportion of this cohort.
Site index conversion equations for mixed trembling aspen and white spruce stands in northern British Columbia
Authors: Nigh Gordon
Published: October 2014

White spruce and trembling aspen are two important commercial species in British Columbia. They often grow in association, particularly in the Boreal White and Black Spruce and Sub-Boreal Spruce biogeoclimatic zones. Site index conversion equations are useful for estimating the site index of one species from the site index of another species. This study fills a need for site index conversion equations for mixed spruce/aspen stands. Seventy 0.01 ha study plots were established in mixed spruce/aspen stands. One site tree of each species was selected from each plot. The height and breast height ages of the site trees were measured and the site index was estimated with these data. The correlation between the site index of spruce and aspen was 0.6. Geometric mean regression was used to estimate the parameters of a linear site index conversion equation. The analysis did not reveal any differences in the conversion equations across the three major biogeoclimatic units (BWBSmw1, BWBSmw2, and SBS) that were sampled. Therefore, only one conversion equation is required.
The opportunity costs of forest conservation in a local economy
Authors: Kniivilä Matleena , Saastamoinen Olli
Published: October 2014

Costs generated by nature conservation are repeatedly under discussion. Most often the costs of conservation are estimated as aggregate figures at the national or regional level or alternatively, for a forest owner. In this study they were examined at the local level, in the forestry dependent municipality of Ilomantsi in Eastern Finland. The estimations of lost net revenues (stumpage income less silvicultural costs), wages, entrepreneurial income and profits, employment and value added were based on alternative forest management plans calculated for conservation areas. The annual losses as regards employment during the first decade were estimated to be 5.7â20.4 jobs. Later, the employment effects were estimated to be 2.4â6.3 lost jobs. Although the value added lost during the first decade was estimated to be at maximum only 3.4% of the present total value added of the municipality, the share of the value added of forestry was estimated to be higher than the mere protected forest land share would indicate. The use of conservation areas for forestry would create a moderate increase of employment in forestry, i.e. 3.8â14%, during the first decade, but it would later stabilise at a much lower level. Employment impacts at the municipal level were estimated as very small (at maximum 0.9%), but on the other hand, for some villages even single jobs may matter. The main reasons for the minor impacts were the high mechanisation rate of logging and the major flow of stumpage income outside the locality.
The role of moose as a disturbance factor in managed boreal forests
Authors: Edenius Lars , Bergman Margareta , Ericsson Göran , Danell Kjell
Published: October 2014

We review the interactions between moose (Alces alces) and native tree species in Fennoscandia. The Fennoscandian boreal forests have been intensively managed for wood production over decades. Moose population density is also relatively high in these northern forests. Forest management affects habitat characteristics and food resources from regeneration to final harvest, with the most significant effects occurring early in the stand development. The plant-animal interactions found in such a situation may be different from what has been observed in natural boreal forests with low densities of moose (e.g. in North America). The strong focus on Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris) in forest regeneration in conjunction with a homogenisation of the landscape structure by clear-cutting has favoured moose. Forest development is controlled by man from regeneration to final harvest, and in relation to human-induced disturbances the disturbance by moose is relatively small, but occurs on different spatial levels. At the landscape level, the most prominent effects of moose seem to be suppression and/or redistribution of preferred browse species. At the forest stand level moose primarily induce spatial heterogeneity by browsing patchily and exploiting existing gaps. At the tree level, moose damage trees and lower timber quality, but also create substrate types (e.g. dead and dying wood) valuable for many organisms. Co-management of moose and forest requires good monitoring programmes for both plants and animals, as well as extensive ecological knowledge on the relations between moose and their food plants on different spatial levels.
Silvicultural disturbance severity and plant communities of the southern Canadian boreal forest
Authors: Haeussler Sybille , Bedford Lorne , Leduc Alain , Bergeron Yves , Kranabetter J.
Published: October 2014

Boreal forest ecosystems are adapted to periodic disturbance, but there is widespread concern that conventional forest practises degrade plant communities. We examined vegetation diversity and composition after clearcut logging, mechanical and chemical site preparation in eight 5- to 12-yr old studies located in southern boreal forests of British Columbia and Quebec, Canada to find useful indicators for monitoring ecosystem integrity and to provide recommendations for the development and testing of new silvicultural approaches. Community-wide and species-specific responses were measured across gradients of disturbance severity and the results were explained in terms of the intermediate disturbance hypothesis and a simple regeneration model based on plant life history strategies. Species richness was 30 to 35% higher 5 to 8 years after clearcut logging than in old forest. Total and vascular species diversity generally peaked on moderately severe site treatments, while non-vascular diversity declined with increasing disturbance severity. On more-or-less mesic sites, there was little evidence of diversity loss within the range of conventional silvicultural disturbances; however, there were important changes in plant community composition. Removing soil organic layers caused a shift from residual and resprouting understory species to ruderal species regenerating from seeds and spores. Severe treatments dramatically increased non-native species invasion. Two important challenges for the proposed natural dynamics-based silviculture will be 1) to find ways of maintaining populations of sensitive non-vascular species and forest mycoheterotrophs, and 2) to create regeneration niches for disturbance-dependent indigenous plants without accelerating non-native species invasion.
Regularities and patterns in the spring phenology of some boreal trees
Authors: Linkosalo Tapio
Published: October 2014

Phenological time series of flowering and bud burst of Populus tremula (L.) and Betula sp., and the flowering of Pinus sylvestris (L.), Alnus glutinosa (L.) and Alnus incana (L.) were constructed from data collected in Finland during the period 1896â1955. The resulting combined time series were examined with two aims in mind: first, to determine the phenological regularities between different species and, second, to detect patterns of spring advancement over a geographically large area. The results indicate that the geographical pattern of spring advancement is rather uniform from year to year, and between different species. Furthermore, the mechanisms regulating the timing of phenological events in different species seem to function in a similar way, suggesting an unanimous optimal response to climatic conditions.
Effects of clone and fertilization on the seed and foliar chemical composition of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris) grafts
Authors: Savonen Eira-Maija , Saarsalmi Anna
Published: October 2014

Effects of clone and fertilization on the seed and foliar nutrient concentrations of Scots pine grafts were investigated in a seed orchard in southern Finland. The seed and foliar samples for chemical analyses were collected during winters 1985â86 and 1988â89 from 39 grafts per clone fertilized in spring 1986. There were 6 clones and 13 treatments for each clone with three replications. The treatments consisted of N, P, K in various combinations, micronutrients, wood ash and grass control. Macro- (N, P, K, Ca, Mg) and micronutrients (Cu, Zn, B) were analysed. There were statistically significant differences between the clones in seed nutrient concentrations. The variation of the K, Mg, Ca, Zn and Cu concentrations between the two study years was considerably larger in the seeds than in the needles. The concentrations of these elements in the seeds were low in the year of an abundant seed crop in spite of fertilization. This had, however, no negative effects on germination of seeds. The proportions of crude fat and crude protein were high in both years (34% and 35% in 1985 ; 33% and 38% in 1988). Fertilization had only minor or no effect at all on the seed chemical composition in the orchard with a satisfactory nutrient status of the soil. Also on the foliar nutrient concentrations the effect of the clone was stronger than that of fertilization. Grafts with large needles produced heavy seeds, which had more storage proteins than the lighter seeds.
Predicting the value of grey alder (Alnus incana) logs based on external quality
Authors: Kärki Timo
Published: October 2014

The quality of grey alder logs (Alnus incana) was studied by sawing sample logs from two different forests in November 1995âFebruary 1996. For grading of grey alder logs and sawn timber the proposed system of KeinÃ¤nen and Tahvanainen (1995) plus the reject -grade was used. In general, grey alder logs have knots from the base to the top. All types of knots appear, and the length of the knot-free section is small at the base. In small-dimensioned logs there are fewer knots than in larger logs. Especially in large top logs, there were many more fresh knots than in other types of logs. Evidently, in different types of logs the different grades of sawn timber are located in comparable sections along the length. It also seems that the worse the grade class was, the longer was also the length of the class. The most common reasons for decreasing grade were dry knots and discoloration.
Utilizing a multipoint measuring system of photosynthetically active radiation in photosynthetic studies within canopies
Authors: Palva Lauri , Garam Eero , Palmroth Sari , Sepponen Raimo , Hari Pertti
Published: October 2014

A novel multipoint measuring system of photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) has been constructed and operated within a Scots pine canopy. A regular grid of 800 measuring points has been incorporated into a cuvette to observe the spatial and temporal distribution of PAR incident on the needles of a twig along with simultaneous measurements of the CO2 exchange in order to determine the dependence of photosynthesis on PAR. It was shown that large errors can result if the photosynthetic rate is estimated using the mean value of PAR instead of the instantaneous values of PAR detected at given points in the region of the needles. The results demonstrate that the obtained regression between the CO2 exchange rate estimated using the multipoint PAR measuring system and the measured CO2 exchange rate is as good within a canopy as in unshaded conditions.
An analysis of successful natural regeneration of downy and silver birch on abandoned farmland in Sweden
Authors: Karlsson Anders , Albrektson Arne , Forsgren Anders , Svensson Lennart
Published: October 2014

To improve our understanding of factors influencing the success of natural regeneration with downy birch (Betula pubescens Ehrh.) and silver birch (Betula pendula Roth) on abandoned farmlands, a survey was conducted to analyse the effects of site conditions and site preparation characteristics. The study was based on a sample plot inventory conducted in one northern and one southern district of Sweden, in which 29 successfully established, naturally regenerated stands, about to be cleaned or thinned, were assessed. Radical site preparation increased stand density and uniformity of established regeneration, and gave faster initial development, than establishment without site preparation on former leys or meadows. Large proportions of the total sample area were classified as moist, and soils consisting of sandâfine sand or peat were frequent. The frequency of birch stems was highest in mesic sites, and on soils consisting of sand, sandâfine sand or peat. Distances to seed-trees were generally shorter than 80 m, and downy birch was the dominant species in most stands.
Nursery and field response of sissoo plants (Dalbergia sissoo) to Rhizobium inoculation
Authors: Sah S. , Dutta I. , Haque M.
Published: October 2014

The present research work aims to demonstrate the rehabilitation of a degraded forest land by afforestation of sissoo plants (Dalbergia sissoo Roxb.) inoculated with nitrogen fixing bacteria sp. In this study, effects of the three different Rhizobium isolates from three localities such as i. Kotre-isolate, ii. Pokhara-isolate and iii. Syangaza-isolate were assessed both in nursery and in the field. It was noted that the growth and biomass increment of seedlings in nursery as well as in the field after rhizobial inoculation were significantly high compared to control one. Among these 3-isolates, Kotre-isolate was found to be superior to others. Soil improvement around the root of inoculated seedlings was remarkable high. Nitrogen content of the soil increased in the range of 20â40% compared to control (only 10â20%). Kotre-isolate, in general, caused more soil improvement than the other isolates. The nutrient content in the green foliage, particularly nitrogen, increased in the range of 30â50%, compared to control one. The considerable increase in nutrients content of soil as well as in the foliage indicates the improvement in the quality of site.
Wybory językowe a złożona tożsamość – na przykładzie Żydów z dziewiętnastowiecznego Wrocławia
Authors: Rybińska Agata
Published: October 2014

The purpose of this article is to illustrate the process of language change in the 19th-century Breslau. The analysis of four areas: education, literature, liturgy and onomastic data from grave inscriptions point to choices between two languages and partial linguistic acculturation, as well as testify to the complex identity of Breslau Jews.
Wybór Ambrożego Aureliusza na biskupa Mediolanu: cud, czy celowe działanie Walentyniana I?
Authors: Spychała Dariusz
Published: October 2014

Aurelius Ambrosius is a characteristic example of an official of the imperial administration who made a clerical career in the early days of Christianization of the Empire. His life was full of unexpected events. Born into a Christian family, he still put off the moment of baptism – a common custom, yet not recommended by the Church. His stable career path changed radically when Ambrosius was elevated to the rank of Bishop of Milan.
述宾黏合结构和定中黏合结构的单双音组配问题
Authors: 应 学凤
Published: October 2014

提要

本文认为1+2和2+1并不分别对应着“松”和“紧”，两者不是一一对应关系，1+2和2+1不是镜像关系，2+1的“1”具有粘附性，但1+2的“1”并不意味着有分离性，只是相对2+1来说，1+2结合得更为松散，这个松散就有程度的差异，有可能是仅仅比2+1松，但总体还是比较紧，也有可能确实就是很松。基于这样的事实提出：2+1是“重轻模式”，1+2不是“轻重模式”，而是“中重模式”。我们提出，音节组合1+2和2+1与结构、语义之间是一种扭曲对应关系，利用这个扭曲关系可以解释述宾黏合结构单双音节组配规律和定中黏合结构单双音节组配规律。
Translational Control of the Oogenic Program by Components of OMA Ribonucleoprotein Particles in Caenorhabditis elegans
Authors: Spike Caroline A , Coetzee Donna , Nishi Yuichi , Guven-Ozkan Tugba , Oldenbroek Marieke , Yamamoto Ikuko , Lin Rueyling , Greenstein David
Published: September 2014

The oocytes of most sexually reproducing animals arrest in meiotic prophase I. Oocyte growth, which occurs during this period of arrest, enables oocytes to acquire the cytoplasmic components needed to produce healthy progeny and to gain competence to complete meiosis. In the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans, the major sperm protein hormone promotes meiotic resumption (also called meiotic maturation) and the cytoplasmic flows that drive oocyte growth. Prior work established that two related TIS11 zinc-finger RNA-binding proteins, OMA-1 and OMA-2, are redundantly required for normal oocyte growth and meiotic maturation. We affinity purified OMA-1 and identified associated mRNAs and proteins using genome-wide expression data and mass spectrometry, respectively. As a class, mRNAs enriched in OMA-1 ribonucleoprotein particles (OMA RNPs) have reproductive functions. Several of these mRNAs were tested and found to be targets of OMA-1/2-mediated translational repression, dependent on sequences in their 3′-untranslated regions (3′-UTRs). Consistent with a major role for OMA-1 and OMA-2 in regulating translation, OMA-1-associated proteins include translational repressors and activators, and some of these proteins bind directly to OMA-1 in yeast two-hybrid assays, including OMA-2. We show that the highly conserved TRIM-NHL protein LIN-41 is an OMA-1-associated protein, which also represses the translation of several OMA-1/2 target mRNAs. In the accompanying article in this issue, we show that LIN-41 prevents meiotic maturation and promotes oocyte growth in opposition to OMA-1/2. Taken together, these data support a model in which the conserved regulators of mRNA translation LIN-41 and OMA-1/2 coordinately control oocyte growth and the proper spatial and temporal execution of the meiotic maturation decision.
The TRIM-NHL Protein LIN-41 and the OMA RNA-Binding Proteins Antagonistically Control the Prophase-to-Metaphase Transition and Growth of Caenorhabditis elegans Oocytes
Authors: Spike Caroline A , Coetzee Donna , Eichten Carly , Wang Xin , Hansen Dave , Greenstein David
Published: September 2014

In many animals, oocytes enter meiosis early in their development but arrest in meiotic prophase I. Oocyte growth, which occurs during this arrest period, enables the acquisition of meiotic competence and the capacity to produce healthy progeny. Meiotic resumption, or meiotic maturation, involves the transition to metaphase I (M phase) and is regulated by intercellular signaling and cyclin-dependent kinase activation. Premature meiotic maturation would be predicted to diminish fertility as the timing of this event, which normally occurs after oocyte growth is complete, is crucial. In the accompanying article in this issue, we identify the highly conserved TRIM-NHL protein LIN-41 as a translational repressor that copurifies with OMA-1 and OMA-2, RNA-binding proteins redundantly required for normal oocyte growth and meiotic maturation. In this article, we show that LIN-41 enables the production of high-quality oocytes and plays an essential role in controlling and coordinating oocyte growth and meiotic maturation. lin-41 null mutants display a striking defect that is specific to oogenesis: pachytene-stage cells cellularize prematurely and fail to progress to diplotene. Instead, these cells activate CDK-1, enter M phase, assemble spindles, and attempt to segregate chromosomes. Translational derepression of the CDK-1 activator CDC-25.3 appears to contribute to premature M-phase entry in lin-41 mutant oocytes. Genetic and phenotypic analyses indicate that LIN-41 and OMA-1/2 exhibit an antagonistic relationship, and we suggest that translational regulation by these proteins could be important for controlling and coordinating oocyte growth and meiotic maturation.
International Perspectives: Varying International Approaches to Prevention of Neonatal Early-Onset Group B Streptococcal Disease
Authors: Shinwell Eric S. , Portnov Igor
Published: October 2014

Neonatal group B streptococcal disease has become less common but still constitutes a major cause of morbidity and mortality. Around the world, a variety of preventive strategies are in place with varying degrees of implementation and success. This article reviews these approaches and looks to the future.
Penicillium antifungal protein (PAF) is involved in the apoptotic and autophagic processes of the producer Penicillium chrysogenum
Authors: Kovács Barbara , Hegedűs Nikoletta , Bálint Mihály , Szabó Zsuzsa , Emri Tamás , Kiss Gréta , Antal Miklós , Pócsi István , Leiter Éva
Published: September 2014

PAF, which is produced by the filamentous fungus Pencicillium chrysogenum, is a small antifungal protein, triggering ROS-mediated apoptotic cell death in Aspergillus nidulans. In this work, we provide information on the function of PAF in the host P. chrysogenum considering that carbon-starving cultures of the Δpaf mutant strain showed significantly reduced apoptosis rates in comparison to the wild-type (wt) strain. Moreover, the addition of PAF to the Δpaf strain resulted in a twofold increase in the apoptosis rate. PAF was also involved in the regulation of the autophagy machinery of this fungus, since several Saccharomyces cerevisiae autophagy-related ortholog genes, e.g. those of atg7, atg22 and tipA, were repressed in the deletion strain. This phenomenon was accompanied by the absence of autophagosomes in the Δpaf strain, even in old hyphae.
Novel and sensitive qPCR assays for the detection and identification of aspergillosis causing species
Authors: Paholcsek Melinda , Leiter Éva , Markovics Arnold , Biró Sándor
Published: September 2014

Despite concerted efforts, diagnosis of aspergillosis is still a great challenge to clinical microbiology laboratories. Along with the requirement for high sensitivity and specificity, species-specific identification is important. We developed rapid, sensitive and species-specific qPCR assays using the TaqMan technology for the detection and identification ofAspergillus fumigatusandAspergillus terreus. The assays were designed to target orthologs of theStreptomycesfactor C gene that are only found in a few species of filamentous fungi. Fungi acquired this gene through horizontal gene transfer and divergence of the gene allows identification of species. The assays have potential as a molecular diagnosis tool for the early detection of fungal infection caused byAspergillus fumigatusandAspergillus terreus, which merits future diagnostic studies. The assays were sensitive enough to detect a few genomic equivalents in blood samples.
Computational vaccinology and epitope vaccine design by immunoinformatics
Authors: Khalili Saeed , Jahangiri Abolfazl , Borna Hojat , Ahmadi Zanoos Kobra , Amani Jafar
Published: September 2014

Human immune system includes variety of different cells and molecules correlating with other body systems. These instances complicate the analysis of the system; particularly in postgenomic era by introducing more amount of data, the complexity is increased and necessity of using computational approaches to process and interpret them is more tangible.Immunoinformatics as a subset of bioinformatics is a new approach with variety of tools and databases that facilitate analysis of enormous amount of immunologic data obtained from experimental researches. In addition to directing the insight regarding experiment selections, it helps new thesis design which was not feasible with conventional methods due to the complexity of data. Considering this features immunoinformatics appears to be one of the fields that accelerate the immunological research progression.In this study we discuss advances in genomics and vaccine design and their relevance to the development of effective vaccines furthermore several division of this field and available tools in each item are introduced.
Diversity and morphological structure of bacterial communities inhabiting the Diana-Hygieia Thermal Spring (Budapest, Hungary)
Authors: Anda Dóra , Büki Gabriella , Krett Gergely , Makk Judit , Márialigeti Károly , Erőss Anita , Mádl-Szőnyi Judit , Borsodi Andrea
Published: September 2014

The Buda Thermal Karst System is an active hypogenic karst area that offers possibility for the analysis of biogenic cave formation. The aim of the present study was to gain information about morphological structure and genetic diversity of bacterial communities inhabiting the Diana-Hygieia Thermal Spring (DHTS). Using scanning electron microscopy, metal accumulating and unusual reticulated filaments were detected in large numbers in the DHTS biofilm samples. The phyla Actinobacteria, Firmicutes and Proteobacteria were represented by both bacterial strains and molecular clones but phyla Acidobacteria, Chlorobi, Chlorofexi, Gemmatimonadetes, Nitrospirae and Thermotogae only by molecular clones which showed the highest similarity to uncultured clone sequences originating from different environmental sources. The biofilm bacterial community proved to be somewhat more diverse than that of the water sample and the distribution of the dominant bacterial clones was different between biofilm and water samples. The majority of biofilm clones was affiliated with Deltaproteobacteria and Nitrospirae while the largest group of water clones was related to Betaproteobacteria. Considering the metabolic properties of known species related to the strains and molecular clones from DHTS, it can be assumed that these bacterial communities may participate in the local sulphur and iron cycles, and contribute to biogenic cave formation.
Metabolic activity and genetic diversity of microbial communities inhabiting the rhizosphere of halophyton plants
Authors: Bárány Ágnes , Szili-Kovács Tibor , Krett Gergely , Füzy Anna , Márialigeti Károly , Borsodi Andrea
Published: September 2014

A preliminary study was conducted to compare the community level physiological profile (CLPP) and genetic diversity of rhizosphere microbial communities of four plant species growing nearby Kiskunság soda ponds, namely Böddi-szék, Kelemen-szék and Zab-szék. CLPP was assessed by MicroResp method using 15 different substrates while Denaturing Gradient Gel Electrophoresis (DGGE) was used to analyse genetic diversity of bacterial communities. The soil physical and chemical properties were quite different at the three sampling sites. Multivariate statistics (PCA and UPGMA) revealed that Zab-szék samples could be separated according to their genetic profile from the two others which might be attributed to the geographical location and perhaps the differences in soil physical properties. Böddi-szék samples could be separated from the two others considering the metabolic activity which could be explained by their high salt and low humus contents. The number of bands in DGGE gels was related to the metabolic activity, and positively correlated with soil humus content, but negatively with soil salt content. The main finding was that geographical location, soil physical and chemical properties and the type of vegetation were all important factors influencing the metabolic activity and genetic diversity of rhizosphere microbial communities.
Application of office hysteroscopy in gynaecological practice
Authors: Török Péter
Published: September 2014

Introduction: Nowadays minimally invasive techniques are a leading factors in medicine. According to this trend, hysteroscopy has been used in gynecology more and more frequently. Office hysteroscopy gives opportunity for a faster examination with less costs and strain for the patient. Aim: The aim of this work was to get familiar with the novel method. The author examined the level of pain during hysteroscopy performed for different indications with different types of instruments. In addition, the novel method invented for evaluating tubal patency was compared to the gold standard laparoscopy in 70 tubes. Method: Office hysteroscopy was performed in 400 cases for indications according to the traditional method. All examinations were performed in University of Debrecen, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology in an outpatient setting. A 2.7 mm diameter optic with diagnostic or operative sheet was used. Hysteroscopies were scheduled between the 4th and 11th cycle day. For recording pain level VAS was used in 70 cases. Comparison of hysteroscopic evaluation of tubal patency to the laparoscopic method was studies in 70 cases. Results: It was found that office hysteroscopy can be performed in an outpatient setting, without anesthesia. Pain level showed no difference among subgroups (nulliparous, non-nulliparous, postmenopausal, diagnostic, operative) (mean±SD, 3.5±1.01; p=0.34). For the evaluation of tubal patency, office hysteroscopy showed 92.06% accuracy when compared to laparoscopy. Conclusions: Office hysteroscopy has several advantages over traditional method. This procedure is fast, it has less strain for the patient. The novel method, rather than traditional hysteroscopy, should be used in the work-up of infertility as well. Orv. Hetil., 2014, 155(40), 1589–1597.
Administração pública no Brasil: reflexões sobre o campo de saber a partir da Divisão Acadêmica da Associação Nacional de Pós-Graduação e Pesquisa em Administração (2009-2013)
Authors: Fadul Élvia , Coelho Fernando de Souza , Costa Frederico Lustosa da , Gomes Ricardo Corrêa
Published: October 2014

Este artigo nasceu de uma reflexão de membros do Comitê Científico da Divisão Acadêmica de Administração Pública da Associação Nacional de Pós-Graduação e Pesquisa em Administração (ANPAD) - a partir de seu trabalho no período de 2009 a 2012 - sobre o desenvolvimento desse campo de saber no Brasil. O texto descreve e analisa os fatores que influenciam a produção acadêmica em administração pública no país, destacando a sua significação como área no âmbito da ANPAD; o sistema de ensino, tanto em nível de graduação e de pós-graduação, como nas escolas de governo; e, finalmente, a organização dos grupos de pesquisa e de publicação científica (eventos e periódicos) que sustentam a investigação. Como resultado, o trabalho: (i) apresenta a trajetória da área de administração pública na ANPAD desde 1985 e sua agenda de pesquisa nos últimos anos; (ii) atualiza o panorama do ensino superior de administração pública no país, sobretudo dos programas de pós-graduação; e (iii) mapeia os congressos e revistas da área. Desse modo, o trabalho constitui per se um balanço sobre os avanços, as lacunas e os desafios do campo de saber da administração pública em nível nacional.
PADRÃO DE CONSUMO E PRESSÃO AMBIENTAL NO BRASIL
Authors: Freitas Lucio Flávio da Silva
Published: October 2014

Este artigo examina as conexões entre o consumo das famílias e a pressão ambiental no Brasil. O objetivo é investigar como o aumento do consumo das famílias brasileiras nas últimas duas décadas modificou a pressão ambiental do sistema econômico. A avaliação é feita a partir da decomposição estrutural de um modelo de insumo produto associado aos dados das Pesquisas de Orçamentos Familiares. Exclusive os efeitos da Mudança de Uso da Terra e Florestas, o nível de emissão continua subindo com o aumento da produção e do consumo. O efeito composição diminuiu as emissões do consumo, quase exclusivamente devido ao setor agropecuário. O efeito tecnológico também reduziu o conteúdo de gases do efeito estufa (GEE) por unidade do PIB, entretanto, estas reduções foram superadas pelo efeito escala do consumo.
INTERAÇÕES UNIVERSIDADE-EMPRESA E A INFLUÊNCIA DAS CARACTERÍSTICAS DOS GRUPOS DE PESQUISA ACADÊMICOS
Authors: Garcia Renato , Araújo Veneziano , Mascarini Suelene , Santos Emerson Gomes dos , Costa Ariana Ribeiro
Published: October 2014

As interações universidade-empresa vêm ganhando papel de destaque nas investigações na área dos estudos da inovação, uma vez que a universidade pode ser uma importante fonte de informações para os esforços inovativos das empresas. Com base nesse contexto, este artigo tem como objetivo avaliar como as características dos grupos acadêmicos de pesquisa influenciam suas interações com as empresas. A partir dos dados de um survey com os grupos de pesquisa no Brasil, foi estimado um modelo empírico que avalia como as características dos grupos de pesquisa impactam suas interações com empresas. Os principais resultados mostram que grupos de pesquisa com melhor desempenho acadêmico, de maior tamanho e que estão ligados departamentos universitários maiores, possuem maior número de interações. Ainda, grupos de pesquisa das áreas de Engenharia e Ciências Agrárias interagem mais com empresas. Assim, este trabalho tem como principal contribuição auxiliar a melhor compreensão dos fatores que conformam as interações universidade-empresa no Brasil e como as características dos grupos de pesquisa influenciam a interação.
Las imágenes inadecuadas de ciencia y de científico como foco de la naturaleza de la ciencia: estado del arte y cuestiones pendientes
Authors: Patricio Pujalte Alejandro , Bonan Leonor , Porro Silvia , Adúriz-Bravo Agustín
Published: October 2014

La presente reseña pretende dar cuenta del estado del arte en la línea de investigación didáctica denominada naturaleza de la ciencia, en particular en lo referente a las imágenes de ciencia y de científico sustentadas por diferentes audiencias. Entre los insumos tenidos en cuenta para esta elaboración se cuenta con las aportaciones surgidas de un curso de posgrado, en el sentido de haber permitido la apropiación de herramientas metadisciplinares destinadas a la redefinición y redimensionamiento del objeto de estudio en el proceso de investigación doctoral. La intención del proyecto es indagar cómo las ideas del profesorado de ciencias acerca de la ciencia y su enseñanza pueden ser obstáculos a la hora de conseguir buenos aprendizajes en estudiantes que acceden a la escuela con desventaja en términos de capital cultural. En este sentido, cobra importancia el grado de profundidad en la comprensión de la naturaleza de la ciencia que posee el profesorado.
Percepção sobre meio ambiente por alunos das séries iniciais do Ensino Fundamental: considerações à luz de Marx e de Paulo Freire
Authors: Garrido Luciana dos Santos , Meirelles Rosane Moreira Silva de
Published: October 2014

A Educação Ambiental tem sido apontada há algum tempo como uma grande aliada para solucionar a crise ambiental vivida atualmente. Esse estudo teve como objetivo discutir a percepção de meio ambiente apresentada por alunos dos 1º e 5º anos do Ensino Fundamental com referência na Educação Ambiental Crítica. Os instrumentos de coleta de dados foram desenhos, entrevistas e análise de gravuras. Os resultados mostraram que os alunos de 1º e 5º anos do Ensino Fundamental apresentam uma percepção naturalista de meio ambiente. Entretanto, os alunos também demonstraram perceber problemas ambientais presentes no cotidiano. Portanto, os resultados apontaram que, embora os alunos ainda tenham percepção fragmentada de meio ambiente, eles percebem muitos aspectos relacionados às suas vidas. Esperamos que este estudo possa fomentar a discussão do trabalho efetivo sobre a Educação Ambiental Crítica desde os primeiros anos de escolaridade.
As escalas local e global apresentadas em teses e dissertações brasileiras de educação ambiental
Authors: Dias Glaucia de Medeiros , Bonotto Dalva Maria Bianchini
Published: October 2014

Partindo da perspectiva de que as reflexões sobre os problemas ambientais, bem como sobre as possibilidades de enfrentamento dos mesmos devem considerar a relação inerente entre as escalas local e global referentes a esses problemas, interessou-nos mapear e discutir a produção acadêmica voltada para estas escalas em trabalhos de educação ambiental (EA), a partir de teses e dissertações constantes no Banco de Teses da CAPES, um relevante instrumento de divulgação do conhecimento científico brasileiro. Identificou-se um número considerável de trabalhos acadêmicos que apresentam referências a essas escalas, especialmente a local. Porém, o modo como a maioria dessas menções é feita pode ser caracterizado como difuso e desarticulado, o que pode comprometer as contribuições da EA para o enfrentamento da crise ambiental vigente. Isto aponta para a necessidade de novos esforços que possam elucidar e efetivar as articulações entre as escalas local, global e EA.