bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Cytocompatibility by MTT Assay and Platelet Adhesion of Ti and Ti-6Al-4V coated with Hydroxyapatite in different Plasma Gas Atmospheres
Authors: Kotian Ravindra , Rao P Prasad , Madhyastha Prashanthi , Shobha KL , Rao BS Satish
Published: December 2016

Aim

This study was performed to evaluate the biocompatibility of pure titanium and Ti-6Al-4V metals coated with hydroxyapatite (HA) by plasma spray using different plasma gas atmospheres.

Materials and methods

The cell viabilities for each HA-coated sample in an atmosphere of argon, argon—hydrogen, nitrogen, and nitrogen—hydrogen were studied using MTT assay and platelet adhesion test.

Results

The mean cell viabilities by MTT [3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol- 2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide] assay of samples coated with HA in argon—hydrogen plasma atmosphere showed maximum cell viability at different time intervals compared with other coating atmospheres of argon—hydrogen, nitrogen, and nitrogen—hydrogen. A statistically significant value of cell viability (p < 0.001) was observed between and within the groups of argon, argon—hydrogen, nitrogen, and nitrogen—hydrogen plasma gas atmosphere. The platelet adhesion study showed agglomerates of platelet cells in some isolated regions of HA for all atmospheres.

Significance

The results obtained in this study can serve as a guide for the development of new Ti-based HA-coated implants in different plasma gas atmospheres.

How to cite this article

Kotian R, Rao PP, Madhyastha P, Shobha KL, Rao BSS, Ginjupalli K. Cytocompatibility by MTT Assay and Platelet Adhesion of Ti and Ti-6Al-4V coated with Hydroxyapatite in different Plasma Gas Atmospheres. World J Dent 2017;8(1):28-36.
Comparative evaluation of Fracture Resistance of Endodontically Treated Teeth Obturated with Pozzolan-based MTA Sealer and Epoxy Resin-based Sealer: An in vitro Study
Authors: Upadhyay Sree Theja , Purayil Tina Puthen
Published: December 2016

Aim

To evaluate and compare the effect of epoxy resin-based sealer and a pozzolan-based mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) sealer on the fracture resistance of endodontically treated teeth.

Materials and methods

Thirty single-rooted mandibular premolars were decoronated to a standardized root length of 15 mm. ProTaper rotary files up to a master apical file size of F3 were used for cleaning and shaping the root canals followed by 2.5% sodium hypochlorite irrigation. The teeth were randomly divided into three groups (n = 10 each), and the obturation was completed using gutta-percha with Endoseal MTA (group I) and AH Plus (group II) as root canal sealers. Group III served as control (instrumented and unfilled). Each specimen was then subjected to fracture testing by using a universal testing machine at a crosshead speed of 1.0 mm/minute until fracture. The force required to fracture each specimen was recorded and the data were subjected to statistical analysis using one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA), followed by pairwise comparison using post hoc Games-Howell test (p < 0.05).

Results

The fracture resistance of groups I and II were significantly higher than those of group III. No significant difference in the fracture resistance was observed between group I (Endoseal MTA) and group II (AH Plus) groups.

Conclusion

It can be concluded that the new root canal sealer, Endoseal MTA, is able to reinforce the tooth against fracture as good as AH Plus.

Clinical significance

Endoseal MTA is a sealer for the reinforcement of endodontically treated teeth.

How to cite this article

Upadhyay ST, Purayil TP, Ginjupalli K. Comparative evaluation of Fracture Resistance of EndodonticallyTreated Teeth Obturated with Pozzolan-based MTA Sealer and Epoxy Resin-based Sealer: An in vitro Study. World J Dent 2017;8(1):37-40.
Comparison of Dentinal Defects induced by Hand Files, Multiple, and Single Rotary Files: A Stereomicroscopic Study
Authors: Choudhary Bharat , Jain Atul , Bhadoria Kanchan , Patidar Nakul
Published: December 2016

Aim

This study was carried out to compare the dentinal defects induced by single rotary file system, multiple rotary file system, and hand files.

Materials and methods

Sixty single-rooted premolars were selected based on predetermined criteria. They were divided into three groups: Group I (hand K files), group II (Hero Shaper), and group III (One Shape). Biomechanical preparation was carried out as per the manufacturer's instructions. Each specimen was sectioned horizontally and divided into apical, middle, and coronal sections. These sections were visualized under stereomicroscope to evaluate the dentinal defects using predetermined criteria.

Results

Roots prepared with Hero Shaper showed more number of defects than One Shape, whereas in roots prepared with hand files lowest percentage of dentinal defects were present. There was statistically significant difference between the Hero Shaper group and the One Shape group (p < 0.05).

Conclusion

All rotary files induce defects in root dentin, whereas the hand instruments induce minimal defects.

Clinical significance

With single rotary file system, preparation time is reduced and it is easier for patients to accept the treatment. Moreover, the potential of root fracture is reduced.

How to cite this article

Jain A, Bhadoria K, Choudhary B, Patidar N. Comparison of Dentinal Defects induced by Hand Files, Multiple, and Single Rotary Files: A Stereomicroscopic Study. World J Dent 2017;8(1):45-48.
Retiring the Historical Net Discount Rate
Authors: Krueger Kurt V.
Published: December 2016

The methodology of using a net discount rate (“NDR”) to calculate the present value of future labor earnings is now over 50 years old. First found in public health economics, the earnings NDR later reached forensic economics where it was adapted to other calculations such as the present value of medical costs. At first, some forensic economists embraced the historically determined wage NDR arguing that it was simple, fair, and 0% since annual wage growth and interest rates had been fairly equal to that time. The 0% wage NDR did not sit well with some other forensic economists, and so a discourse began in the literature regarding its numeric value. Largely missing from the debate has been an analysis of the historically determined NDR, as it has been constructed and used, as a legitimate present value methodology. Building upon the initial criticisms of the NDR by Jones (1985, 1986) and the recent work of Foster (2015), this article examines the historical wage NDR method and concludes that, for several reasons, it is theoretically faulty, empirically inconsistent, and not relevant to forensic economics.
An Alternative Estimation Technique for Determining Discount Rates and Earnings Growth Rates in Wrongful Death and Personal Injury Cases
Authors: Mason Paul M. , Gallo Andres
Published: December 2016

Regardless of the time period studied since the 1970s ended, without adjustments for structural factors, both real and nominal interest rates across the spectrum of maturities exhibit non-stationary processes with a unit root. Consequently, simply employing past means of either real or nominal yields losses a degree of credibility. Focusing on the period of the “Great Moderation,” employing structural break analysis can remove the non-stationarity so that forensic economists can chose not to use more complex ARIMA models, stochastic properties of interest rates, or estimating methods more complex than these. Rather, following the analysis in this paper, forensic economists can employ one of a small number of discount rates from a not too distant past time period that reflect systematic variations more likely to be consistent with predictable future interest rates.
Assessing Economic Damages in Personal Injury and Wrongful Death Litigation: The State of Nebraska
Authors: Rosenbaum David I. , Richardson Mark
Published: December 2016

This article presents a framework for computing damages in Nebraska personal injury and wrongful death cases. The analysis is based on statute, common law, case law, jury instructions and practice. Elements unique to personal injury and wrongful death cases are discussed, as well as elements common to both. The role and requirements for damage experts are examined, as are the work product and likelihood of deposition and testimony.
Direito à educação e política pública do ProUni
Authors: Ferreira Maria Gorete , Filho Elias Kallás
Published: December 2016

O estudo discutiu a implementação de políticas públicas que asseguram o direito ao acesso no ensino superior, como meio de inserção na sociedade, buscando responder à seguinte questão: até que ponto o ProUni, como política pública contribui para o acesso ao ensino superior e a formação para a atuação profissional? Mediante o objetivo de conhecer os significados de ser estudante universitário beneficiado pelo ProUni, como política pública que pretende articular o efetivo exercício da igualdade. O trabalho desenvolveu-se em quatro capítulos. No primeiro, faz-se uma apresentação geral do direito à educação, fundamentado na CR e na LDB. No segundo, busca-se uma contextualização sobre o Programa, como política pública de ação afirmativa voltada à ampliação do acesso ao ensino superior. No terceiro, são demonstrados os resultados do estudo; no quarto capítulo, tratou-se da discussão. O estudo foi de abordagem qualitativa, do tipo descritivo, de campo e transversal. Empregou-se o método do DSC. A amostra compôs por 30 alunos de ambos os gêneros, bolsistas ProUni, com idade entre 23 e 40 anos. A conclusão aponta para o fato de que o ProUni, contribuiu de maneira significativa para os bolsistas, que pertencem a população de baixa renda, possibilitando o efetivo exercício da igualdade.

Palavras-chave: Educação. Políticas Públicas. ProUni. Ensino Superior.

Abstract

RIGHT TO EDUCATION AND PUBLIC POLICY PROUNI

The study discussed the implementation of public policies that ensure the right of access to higher education as a means of integration into society, seeking to answer the following question: to what extent ProUni, as public policy contributes to access to higher education and training for professional practice? By the aim of knowing the meanings of being college student benefited by ProUni, as a public policy that articulates the effective exercise of equality. The work developed in four chapters. In the first, an overview is made of the right to education, based on the CR and LDB. In the second, we seek a contextualization of the program, as a public policy of affirmative action aimed at broadening access to higher education. In the third, they are shown the results of the study; in the fourth chapter, this was the discussion. The study was a qualitative approach, descriptive, field and cross. We used the DSC method. The sample was composed by 30 students of both genders, ProUni fellows, aged between 23 and 40 years. The finding points to the fact that ProUni, contributed significantly to the stock, which belong to the low income population, enabling the effective exercise of equality.

Keywords: Education. Public policy.ProUni.Higher education.
Direito como tecnologia de gênero: a tortura contra as mulheres nos inquéritos militares (1964-1979)
Authors: Prando Camila Cardoso de Mello , Duque Ana Paula Del Vieira
Published: December 2016

Partindo da hipótese de que o direito, como campo de poder discursivo, atribui valores e imputa diferenças criadoras de hierarquias e assimetrias a corpos sexuados como femininos ou masculinos, problematizou-se os sistemas jurídicos enquanto mecanismos hábeis a produzir e representar sujeitos. O objeto de análise foram os discursos sobre tortura sofridas por mulheres registrados em 252 processos do Superior Tribunal Militar, nas Auditorias Militares, entre os anos de 1964 e 1979. A mediação de poder que se construiu entre os relatos e os registros discursivos nos inquéritos revelou a produção de um discurso jurídico vetorizado, tendente a representar e construir como vítimas as mulheres violadas em suas condições de “honestas” e “cuidadoras”.
A eficácia da função social na propriedade pública
Authors: Freitas Filho Roberto , Camargos Pereira Flora Regina
Published: December 2016

O direito de propriedade é inerentemente ligado à sua função social. Consagrada no ordenamento jurídico brasileiro, a função social condiciona o exercício do direito de propriedade. Quando se fala em propriedade privada, a aplicação da função social é mais bem aceita. Porém, no que se refere à propriedade pública há grande controvérsia sobre a aplicação. Assim, o presente artigo se propõe em primeiro lugar a determinar qual o espaço ocupado no ordenamento jurídico brasileiro pela função social, para na sequência apresentar suas formas de aplicação e, por fim, perquirir a respeito de sua eficácia quando se trata dos vários tipos de propriedades públicas. Ressalta-se que este estudo se foca apenas nas propriedades públicas imóveis. Ao final, a conclusão confirma que o modelo adotado pelo Estado brasileiro exige que se dê a maior abrangência possível à aplicação da função social, mesmo quando se trate de propriedades públicas. A função social deve ser aplicada aos imóveis públicos, na medida do possível, para, com isso, ajudar a garantir a consecução dos fins almejados pelo Estado Democrático de Direito brasileiro.
Editorial
Authors: Yasukawa Keiko
Published: December 2016

In recent years many of us in the field of adult literacy and numeracy have become used to grieving the loss of university based teacher development programs and centres promoting research, professional development and debates in our field. Eighteen months ago, we learnt of the closure of the Centre for Literacy in Montreal, and twelve months ago, the effective closure of the National Research and Development Centre for Adult Literacy and Numeracy in the UK, both of which made major contributions to promoting and giving public access to resources, research findings and policy debates in the field of adult literacy and numeracy. Each year a few more researchers in the field ‘retire’ from their institutions, and while many are remaining active in publishing research, there is a sense of fear about who and what will be left in our field when they decide to really retire!
Modelling bidirectional fluxes of methanol and acetaldehyde with the FORCAsT canopy exchange model
Authors: Ashworth Kirsti , Chung Serena H. , McKinney Karena A. , Liu Ying , Munger J. William , Martin Scot T. , Steiner Allison L.
Published: December 2016

Abstract. The FORCAsT canopy exchange model was used to investigate the underlying mechanisms governing foliage emissions of methanol and acetaldehyde, two short chain oxygenated volatile organic compounds ubiquitous in the troposphere and known to have strong biogenic sources, at a northern mid-latitude forest site. The explicit representation of the vegetation canopy within the model allowed us to test the hypothesis that stomatal conductance regulates emissions of these compounds to an extent that its influence is observable at the ecosystem scale, a process not currently considered in regional- or global-scale atmospheric chemistry models.We found that FORCAsT could only reproduce the magnitude and diurnal profiles of methanol and acetaldehyde fluxes measured at the top of the forest canopy at Harvard Forest if light-dependent emissions were introduced to the model. With the inclusion of such emissions, FORCAsT was able to successfully simulate the observed bidirectional exchange of methanol and acetaldehyde. Although we found evidence that stomatal conductance influences methanol fluxes and concentrations at scales beyond the leaf level, particularly at dawn and dusk, we were able to adequately capture ecosystem exchange without the addition of stomatal control to the standard parameterisations of foliage emissions, suggesting that ecosystem fluxes can be well enough represented by the emissions models currently used.
An upper-branch Brewer–Dobson circulation index for attribution of stratospheric variability and improved ozone and temperature trend analysis
Authors: Ball William T. , Kuchař Aleš , Rozanov Eugene V. , Staehelin Johannes , Tummon Fiona , Smith Anne K. , Sukhodolov Timofei , Stenke Andrea , Revell Laura , Coulon Ancelin , Schmutz Werner , Peter Thomas
Published: December 2016

Abstract. We find that wintertime temperature anomalies near 4 hPa and 50° N/S are related, through dynamics, to anomalies in ozone and temperature, particularly in the tropical stratosphere but also throughout the upper stratosphere and mesosphere. These mid-latitude anomalies occur on timescales of up to a month, and are related to changes in wave forcing. A change in the meridional Brewer–Dobson circulation extends from the middle stratosphere into the mesosphere and forms a temperature-change quadrupole from Equator to pole. We develop a dynamical index based on detrended, deseasonalised mid-latitude temperature. When employed in multiple linear regression, this index can account for up to 60 % of the total variability of temperature, peaking at  ∼  5 hPa and dropping to 0 at  ∼  50 and  ∼  0.5 hPa, respectively, and increasing again into the mesosphere. Ozone similarly sees up to an additional 50 % of variability accounted for, with a slightly higher maximum and strong altitude dependence, with zero improvement found at 10 hPa. Further, the uncertainty on all equatorial multiple-linear regression coefficients can be reduced by up to 35 and 20 % in temperature and ozone, respectively, and so this index is an important tool for quantifying current and future ozone recovery.
Multidecadal variations of the effects of the Quasi-Biennial Oscillation on the climate system
Authors: Brönnimann Stefan , Malik Abdul , Stickler Alexander , Wegmann Martin , Raible Christoph C. , Muthers Stefan , Anet Julien , Rozanov Eugene , Schmutz Werner
Published: December 2016

Abstract. Effects of the Quasi-Biennial Oscillation (QBO) on tropospheric climate are not always strong or they appear only intermittently. Studying them requires long time series of both the QBO and climate variables, which has restricted previous studies to the past 30–50 years. Here we use the benefits of an existing QBO reconstruction back to 1908. We first investigate additional, newly digitized historical observations of stratospheric winds to test the reconstruction. Then we use the QBO time series to analyse atmospheric data sets (reconstructions and reanalyses) as well as the results of coupled ocean–atmosphere–chemistry climate model simulations that were forced with the reconstructed QBO. We investigate effects related to (1) tropical–extratropical interaction in the stratosphere, wave–mean flow interaction and subsequent downward propagation, and (2) interaction between deep tropical convection and stratospheric flow. We generally find weak connections, though some are statistically significant over the 100-year period and consistent with model results. Apparent multidecadal variations in the connection between the QBO and the investigated climate responses are consistent with a small effect in the presence of large variability, with one exception: the imprint on the northern polar vortex, which is seen in recent reanalysis data, is not found in the period 1908–1957. Conversely, an imprint in Berlin surface air temperature is only found in 1908–1957 but not in the recent period. Likewise, in the model simulations both links tend to appear alternatingly, suggesting a more systematic modulation due to a shift in the circulation, for example. Over the Pacific warm pool, we find increased convection during easterly QBO, mainly in boreal winter in observation-based data as well as in the model simulations, with large variability. No QBO effects were found in the Indian monsoon strength or Atlantic hurricane frequency.
Improved identification of primary biological aerosol particles using single particle mass spectrometry
Authors: Zawadowicz Maria A. , Froyd Karl D. , Murphy Daniel M. , Cziczo Daniel J.
Published: December 2016

Abstract. Measurements of primary biological aerosol particles, especially at altitudes relevant to cloud formation, are scarce. Single particle mass spectrometry (SPMS) has been used to probe aerosol chemical composition from ground and aircraft for over 20 years. Here we develop a method for identifying bioaerosols using SPMS. We show that identification of bioaerosol using SPMS is complicated because phosphorus-bearing mineral dust and phosphorus-rich combustion by-products such as fly ash produce mass spectra with peaks similar to those typically used as markers for bioaerosol. We have developed a methodology to differentiate and identify bioaerosol using machine learning statistical techniques applied to mass spectra of known particle types. This improved method provides far fewer false positives compared to approaches reported in the literature. The new method was then applied to ambient data collected at Storm Peak Laboratory to show that 0.04–0.3 % of particles in the 200–3000 nm aerodynamic diameter range were identified as bioaerosol.
Improvements to the OMI O2–O2 operational cloud algorithm and comparisons with ground-based radar–lidar observations
Authors: Veefkind J. Pepijn , de Haan Johan F. , Sneep Maarten , Levelt Pieternel F.
Published: December 2016

Abstract. The OMI (Ozone Monitoring Instrument on board NASA's Earth Observing System (EOS) Aura satellite) OMCLDO2 cloud product supports trace gas retrievals of for example ozone and nitrogen dioxide. The OMCLDO2 algorithm derives the effective cloud fraction and effective cloud pressure using a DOAS (differential optical absorption spectroscopy) fit of the O2–O2 absorption feature around 477 nm. A new version of the OMI OMCLDO2 cloud product is presented that contains several improvements, of which the introduction of a temperature correction on the O2–O2 slant columns and the updated look-up tables have the largest impact. Whereas the differences in the effective cloud fraction are on average limited to 0.01, the differences of the effective cloud pressure can be up to 200 hPa, especially at cloud fractions below 0.3. As expected, the temperature correction depends on latitude and season. The updated look-up tables have a systematic effect on the cloud pressure at low cloud fractions. The improvements at low cloud fractions are very important for the retrieval of trace gases in the lower troposphere, for example for nitrogen dioxide and formaldehyde. The cloud pressure retrievals of the improved algorithm are compared with ground-based radar–lidar observations for three sites at mid-latitudes. For low clouds that have a limited vertical extent the comparison yields good agreement. For higher clouds, which are vertically extensive and often contain several layers, the satellite retrievals give a lower cloud height. For high clouds, mixed results are obtained.
Retrievals of heavy ozone with MIPAS
Authors: Jonkheid Bastiaan , Röckmann Thomas , Glatthor Norbert , Janssen Christof , Stiller Gabriele , von Clarmann Thomas
Published: December 2016

Abstract. A method for retrieval of 18O-substituted isotopomers of O3 in the stratosphere with the Michelson Interferometer for Passive Atmospheric Sounding (MIPAS) is presented. Using a smoothing regularisation constraint, volume mixing ratio profiles are retrieved for the main isotopologue and the symmetric and asymmetric isotopomers of singly substituted O3. For the retrieval of the heavy isotopologues, two microwindows in the MIPAS A band (685–970 cm−1) and six in the AB band (1020–1170 cm−1) are used. As the retrievals are performed as perturbations on the previously retrieved a priori profiles, the vertical resolution of the individual isotopomer profiles is very similar, which is important when calculating the ratio between two isotopomers. The performance of the method is evaluated using 1044 vertical profiles recorded with MIPAS on 1 July 2003. The mean values are separated by latitude bands, along with estimates of their uncertainties. The asymmetric isotopomer shows a mean enrichment of  ∼ 8 %, with a vertical profile that increases up to 33 km and decreases at higher altitudes. This decrease with altitude is a robust result that does not depend on retrieval settings, and it has not been reported clearly in previously published datasets. The symmetric isotopomer is considerably less enriched, with mean values around 3 % and with a large spread. In individual retrievals the uncertainty of the enrichment is dominated by the measurement noise (2–4 %), which can be reduced by averaging multiple retrievals; systematic uncertainties linked to the retrieval are generally small at  ∼ 0.5 %, but this is likely underestimated because the uncertainties in key spectroscopic parameters are unknown. The variabilities in the retrieval results are largest for the Southern Hemisphere.
Crop water stress maps for an entire growing season from visible and thermal UAV imagery
Authors: Hoffmann Helene , Jensen Rasmus , Thomsen Anton , Nieto Hector , Rasmussen Jesper , Friborg Thomas
Published: December 2016

Abstract. This study investigates whether a water deficit index (WDI) based on imagery from unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) can provide accurate crop water stress maps at different growth stages of barley and in differing weather situations. Data from both the early and late growing season are included to investigate whether the WDI has the unique potential to be applicable both when the land surface is partly composed of bare soil and when crops on the land surface are senescing. The WDI differs from the more commonly applied crop water stress index (CWSI) in that it uses both a spectral vegetation index (VI), to determine the degree of surface greenness, and the composite land surface temperature (LST) (not solely canopy temperature).Lightweight thermal and RGB (red–green–blue) cameras were mounted on a UAV on three occasions during the growing season 2014, and provided composite LST and color images, respectively. From the LST, maps of surface-air temperature differences were computed. From the color images, the normalized green–red difference index (NGRDI), constituting the indicator of surface greenness, was computed. Advantages of the WDI as an irrigation map, as compared with simpler maps of the surface-air temperature difference, are discussed, and the suitability of the NGRDI is assessed. Final WDI maps had a spatial resolution of 0.25 m.It was found that the UAV-based WDI is in agreement with measured stress values from an eddy covariance system. Further, the WDI is especially valuable in the late growing season because at this stage the remote sensing data represent crop water availability to a greater extent than they do in the early growing season, and because the WDI accounts for areas of ripe crops that no longer have the same need for irrigation. WDI maps can potentially serve as water stress maps, showing the farmer where irrigation is needed to ensure healthy growing plants, during entire growing season.
Last Interglacial climate and sea-level evolution from a coupled ice sheet–climate model
Authors: Goelzer Heiko , Huybrechts Philippe , Loutre Marie-France , Fichefet Thierry
Published: December 2016

Abstract. As the most recent warm period in Earth's history with a sea-level stand higher than present, the Last Interglacial (LIG,  ∼  130 to 115 kyr BP) is often considered a prime example to study the impact of a warmer climate on the two polar ice sheets remaining today. Here we simulate the Last Interglacial climate, ice sheet, and sea-level evolution with the Earth system model of intermediate complexity LOVECLIM v.1.3, which includes dynamic and fully coupled components representing the atmosphere, the ocean and sea ice, the terrestrial biosphere, and the Greenland and Antarctic ice sheets. In this setup, sea-level evolution and climate–ice sheet interactions are modelled in a consistent framework.Surface mass balance change governed by changes in surface meltwater runoff is the dominant forcing for the Greenland ice sheet, which shows a peak sea-level contribution of 1.4 m at 123 kyr BP in the reference experiment. Our results indicate that ice sheet–climate feedbacks play an important role to amplify climate and sea-level changes in the Northern Hemisphere. The sensitivity of the Greenland ice sheet to surface temperature changes considerably increases when interactive albedo changes are considered. Southern Hemisphere polar and sub-polar ocean warming is limited throughout the Last Interglacial, and surface and sub-shelf melting exerts only a minor control on the Antarctic sea-level contribution with a peak of 4.4 m at 125 kyr BP. Retreat of the Antarctic ice sheet at the onset of the LIG is mainly forced by rising sea level and to a lesser extent by reduced ice shelf viscosity as the surface temperature increases. Global sea level shows a peak of 5.3 m at 124.5 kyr BP, which includes a minor contribution of 0.35 m from oceanic thermal expansion. Neither the individual contributions nor the total modelled sea-level stand show fast multi-millennial timescale variations as indicated by some reconstructions.
Application of ground-penetrating radar technique to evaluate the waterfront location in hardened concrete
Authors: Rodríguez-Abad Isabel , Klysz Gilles , Martínez-Sala Rosa , Balayssac Jean Paul , Mené-Aparicio Jesús
Published: December 2016

Abstract. The long-term performance of concrete structures is directly tied to two factors: concrete durability and strength. When assessing the durability of concrete structures, the study of the water penetration is paramount, because almost all reactions like corrosion, alkali–silica, sulfate, etc., which produce their deterioration, require the presence of water. Ground-penetrating radar (GPR) has shown to be very sensitive to water variations. On this basis, the objective of this experimental study is, firstly, to analyze the correlation between the water penetration depth in concrete samples and the GPR wave parameters. To do this, the samples were immersed into water for different time intervals and the wave parameters were obtained from signals registered when the antenna was placed on the immersed surface of the samples. Secondly, a procedure has been developed to be able to determine, from those signals, the reliability in the detection and location of waterfront depths. The results have revealed that GPR may have an enormous potential in this field, because excellent agreements were found between the correlated variables. In addition, when comparing the waterfront depths calculated from GPR measurements and those visually registered after breaking the samples, we observed that they totally agreed when the waterfront was more than 4 cm depth.
Sensitivity analysis of point and parametric pedotransfer functions for estimating water retention of soils in Algeria
Authors: Touil Sami , Degre Aurore , Chabaca Mohamed Nacer
Published: December 2016

Abstract. Improving the accuracy of pedotransfer functions (PTFs) requires studying how prediction uncertainty can be apportioned to different sources of uncertainty in inputs. In this study, the question addressed was as follows: which variable input is the main or best complementary predictor of water retention, and at which water potential? Two approaches were adopted to generate PTFs: multiple linear regressions (MLRs) for point PTFs and multiple nonlinear regressions (MNLRs) for parametric PTFs. Reliability tests showed that point PTFs provided better estimates than parametric PTFs (root mean square error, RMSE: 0.0414 and 0.0444 cm3 cm−3, and 0.0613 and 0.0605 cm3 cm−3 at −33 and −1500 kPa, respectively). The local parametric PTFs provided better estimates than Rosetta PTFs at −33 kPa. No significant difference in accuracy, however, was found between the parametric PTFs and Rosetta H2 at −1500 kPa with RMSE values of 0.0605 cm3 cm−3 and 0.0636 cm3 cm−3, respectively. The results of global sensitivity analyses (GSAs) showed that the mathematical formalism of PTFs and their input variables reacted differently in terms of point pressure and texture. The point and parametric PTFs were sensitive mainly to the sand fraction in the fine- and medium-textural classes. The use of clay percentage (C %) and bulk density (BD) as inputs in the medium-textural class improved the estimation of PTFs at −33 kPa.
Unmanned Aerial System nadir reflectance and MODIS Nadir BRDF-Adjusted surface Reflectances intercompared over Greenland
Authors: Burkhart John Faulkner , Kylling Arve , Schaaf Crystal B. , Wang Zhuosen , Bogren Wiley , Storvold Rune , Sølbo Stian , Pedersen Christina A. , Gerland Sebastian
Published: December 2016

Abstract. Albedo is a fundamental parameter in earth sciences. Many datasets are developed from the MODIS BRDF/Albedo (MCD43) Algorithms. While derivative albedo products have been evaluated over Greenland, we present a novel direct intercomparison with nadir surface reflectance collected from an Unmanned Aerial System (UAS). The UAS was flown from Summit, Greenland on 200+ km transects coincident with the MODIS sensor overpass on board the Aqua and Terra satellites on 5 and 6 August, 2010. Clear sky acquistions were available from the overpasses within two hours of the UAS flights. The UAS was equipped with updward and downward looking spectrometers (300–920 nm) with a spectral resolution of 10 nm allowing to integrate directly to the MODIS bands 1, 3 and 4. The data provides a unique opportunity to directly compare UAS nadir reflectance with the MODIS Nadir BRDF-Adjusted surface Reflectance (NBAR) products. The data show UAS measurements are slightly higher than the MODIS NBARs for all bands, but agree within their stated uncertainties. Differences in variability are observed as expected due to different footprints of the platforms. The UAS data demonstrate potentially large sub-pixel variability of MODIS reflectance products and the potential to explore this variability using the UAS as a platform. It is also found that even at the low elevations flown typically by UAS, reflectance measurements may be influenced by haze if present at and/or below the flight altitude of the UAS. This impact could explain some differences between data from the two platforms.
Interculturalidad en el aula de música de Educación Primaria. Un estudio de caso desde una perspectiva postcolonial.
Authors: Aróstegui Plaza José Luis , Espigares Alejandro Wolfgang
Published: December 2016

Este artículo refiere un estudio de caso realizado en un aula de música en un Centro Público de Educación Primaria. Nuestro foco de atención estuvo tanto en la maestra de música y su método de enseñanza como en el alumnado y en los aprendizajes explícitos e implícitos producidos, con el propósito de estudiar desde una perspectiva intercultural el proceso de enseñanza-aprendizaje dentro del aula. Tras la recogida de datos y su posterior estudio encontramos que el interés por la transmisión de los aspectos técnicos de la música mediante la motivación del alumnado que emplea la maestra acaban dejando en un segundo plano la autenticidad de la experiencia musical, a pesar del interés que también tiene por la musicalidad y la participación del alumnado.
De Avicena a Galeno: un epigrama latino del médico valenciano Miguel Jerónimo Ledesma (1547)
Authors: Santamaría Hernández María Teresa
Published: December 2016

Este artículo trata sobre un epigrama latino que publicó el médico valenciano Miguel Jerónimo Ledesma en 1547. Este epigrama, que introducía la traducción latina de Ledesma de la primera parte del Canon de Avicena (Prima primi Canonis Auicennae Sectio, Valentiae, Ioannes Mey), constituye un buen testimonio de poesía liminar latina en escritos médicos, y ejemplifica bien las funciones desempeñadas por esta poesía, aportando datos complementarios para valorar la obra que introduce. En este poema, el médico persa se dirige a Galeno reconociendo la influencia de su doctrina. Se analizan las características formales del epigrama y su temática en el contexto de los principios fundamentales del Humanismo médico renacentista. Se aclara también la relación existente entre el poema y la condición ideológica y las circunstancias profesionales del autor.
VECTOR ASPECTS IN RISK AREAS FOR SYLVATIC YELLOW FEVER IN THE STATE OF MATO GROSSO DO SUL, BRAZIL
Authors: De Almeida Paulo Silva , Da Silva José Oliveira , Ramos Ezequiel Pereira , Batista Paulo Mira , Faccenda Odival , De Paula Marcia Bicudo , De Oliveira Monteiro Hamilton Antônio , Mucci Luis Filipe
Published: December 2016

As epidemias e epizootias de febre amarela ocorridas em 2008 no Brasil, Paraguai e Argentina marcaram um expressivo avanço da doença para o sul do continente, afetando populações humanas não vacinadas. O estado de Mato Grosso do Sul encontra-se na transição entre a região endêmica tropical e a epidêmica subtropical e, apesar de ser considerado área de recomendação para vacinação desde a década de 1980, ainda registra casos humanos e epizootias. O objetivo deste trabalho foi apresentar os resultados de levantamentos entomológicos em locais de casos humanos e epizootias notificados como suspeitos em 2008, descrevendo geograficamente essas áreas. Foram investigadas 13 localidades em nove municípios, tendo sido obtidas 305 fêmeas dos gêneros Haemagogus e Sabethes, além de cinco espécimes de Aedes albopictus. O gênero Haemagogus foi mais abundante, mas Sabethes apresentou o dobro de espécies (3 x 6) e maior distribuição entre os pontos de coleta. A espécie mais abundante foi Hg. janthinomys, porém com 102 indivíduos em um único local. As demais espécies encontradas foram: Hg. leucocelaenus, Hg.spegazzinii, Sa. albiprivus, Sa. belisarioi, Sa. chloropterus, Sa. glaucodaemun, Sa. intermedius e Sa. soperi. Não foi possível identificar tendências de preferência das espécies em relação aos atributos ambientais e geográficos descritos para os pontos de coleta. Dos nove casos humanos, oito corresponderam a pessoas não residentes no estado, sendo sete turistas. O estado de Mato Grosso do Sul reúne grande diversidade de atrativos turísticos relacionados com ambientes rurais e silvestres, onde o homem pode entrar em contato com os vetores da febre amarela encontrados neste trabalho. Nesse sentido, o monitoramento da cobertura vacinal e do fluxo de pessoas não vacinadas é fundamental para o controle da doença.
PERFIL DE PACIENTES COM LINFEDEMA ATENDIDOS NO SERVIÇO DE REFERÊNCIA NACIONAL EM FILARIOSES DA FUNDAÇÃO OSWALDO CRUZ, PERNAMBUCO, BRASIL
Authors: De Santana Juliana Rodrigues , Lima Souza Mayara Marcelly , Brandão Eduardo , Dos Santos Soares Helen Pereira , Lagos de Melo Cristiane Moutinho , Rocha Abraham , Da Silva Fernando Leonel
Published: December 2016

A filariose linfática é uma parasitose endêmica em 73 países e afeta, aproximadamente, 120 milhões de pessoas em todo o mundo. Este trabalho buscou traçar o perfil de pacientes com linfedema que residem em áreas endêmicas de filariose, com ou sem diagnóstico comprovado de doença prévia. Trata-se de um estudo transversal que envolveu pacientes com linfedema, cadastrados no SRNF-CPqAM-FIOCRUZ-PE, residentes nas principais cidades da região metropolitana de Recife, capital do estado de Pernambuco, aos quais foi aplicado um questionário para avaliação do perfil sociodemográfico e epidemiológico. Foram selecionados 35 pacientes, sendo 80% do sexo feminino, a maioria com idade entre 40 e 59 anos (48,6%). Do total examinado, 40% apresentaram linfedema bilateral de membros inferiores e presença de dor moderada no membro afetado. Além disso, dos indivíduos atendidos, apenas 20% receberam diagnóstico de filariose e 68% relataram morar em ruas pavimentadas com disponibilidade de coleta regular de lixo e acesso à água potável. Os resultados deste estudo propiciaram um conhecimento mais abrangente do perfil dos pacientes com linfedema atendidos pelo serviço de referência e poderão auxiliar no aprimoramento das políticas públicas de saúde.
FORTALECIMENTO DA VIGILÂNCIA EM SAÚDE NO BRASIL: REDE DE MONITORAMENTO DA RESISTÊNCIA DOS TRIATOMÍNEOS AOS INSETICIDAS
Authors: Dávila Pessoa Grasielle Caldas , Alburquerque e Silva Rafaella , Alves Renato Vieira , Da Costa Veruska Maia , Leite Jardim Cavalcante Karina Ribeiro , Diotaiuti Liléia
Published: December 2016

Em 2010 foi criada no Brasil, pelo Ministério da Saúde e pelo Laboratório de Referência em Triatomíneos e Epidemiologia da Doença de Chagas da Fundação Oswaldo Cruz a “Rede de Monitoramento da Resistência de Triatomíneos aos Inseticidas” com vistas a: 1) caracterizar e monitorar a suscetibilidade/resistência das populações triatomínicas brasileiras aos inseticidas, 2) desenvolver métodos destinados ao diagnóstico da resistência dos triatomíneos aos inseticidas e 3) contribuir na avaliação e melhoria das atividades desenvolvidas junto ao controle químico dos triatomíneos. A implantação desta iniciativa, que possui hoje reconhecimento internacional junto a Organização Mundial de Saúde, está apresentada neste trabalho de forma detalhada
Education as a Tool of Change Among Gujjars: A Case Study Pulwama
Authors: Ali Andrabi Syed Damsaz
Published: December 2016

Illiteracy is the social evil and can be removed through the appropriate system of education. Gujjars of district Pulwama are in social delima because they are lagging behind in the field of peace and prosperity. Their orthodoxy is the main hurdle in the way of progress. The community is lacking the trained working force. In the district they are among the backwards and same can be realized and marked because of their poor performance in the field of education. Because of lack advancements, their health conditions are very poor in comparison to national level. The standard rate of literary is below the normal level in both the sexes. The condition of women is very miserable. Proper change among them can be brought through proper intervention and mediation of religious preachers.
“This is the School I Want” Young Adults with Intellectual Disability Describe Their Perceptions of a Good Vocational School
Authors: Hermanoff Anneli , Määttä Kaarina , Uusiautti Satu
Published: December 2016

Vocational education is a remarkable phase of life for all young people, including the ones with intellectual disability (ID). In addition to vocational skills and knowledge, vocational special education provided to people with ID has to meet their needs and enhance their life-management skills. However, their own perceptions of the quality of education has been less studied. The purpose of the research at hand was to give voice to young adults with ID themselves and ask how they would describe their ideal vocational school. In this qualitative study, 14 Finnish young adults with ID (aged 17-23) were interviewed. The study employed a narrative approach to reach the participants’ voices and experiences. According to the findings of this research, the location of the study place, company of same-aged peers, supportive teachers and tutors, and varied teaching arrangements typified a good study place. As the conclusion of the study, the ideal school according to the perceptions of young adults with ID is presented as a combination of the physical, pedagogical, and social learning environments. Education that can be molded according to individual needs and provides sufficient and tailored support and guidance services—in addition to hearing the young adults’ own hopes and wishes—strengthen personal sense of responsibility, and transition toward adulthood and as independent life as possible.
VIABILIDADE DE Toxoplasma gondii EM CARNE OVINA APÓS TRATAMENTOS TÉRMICOS COM DIFERENTES TEMPERATURAS
Authors: Federle Michelle , Ossani Renata Arruda , De Souza Antonio Pereira , De Moura Anderson Barbosa , Weiss Paulo Henrique Exterchoter
Published: December 2016

A carne ovina possui grande potencial de transmissão do Toxoplasma gondii para os seres humanos e demais animais carnívoros, principalmente quando consumida crua ou mal passada. Com o objetivo de avaliar o efeito do resfriamento e congelamento sobre a viabilidade de cistos deste parasito em tecido muscular ovino, foram utilizados cortes cárneos de um cordeiro naturalmente infectado por T. gondii, com titulação de 1:256 na RIFI. Coração, fígado, diafragma e cérebro foram coletados em formol 10% para histopatológico. Coração e cortes musculares da paleta, costela e pernil foram usados nos tratamentos “in natura”, resfriados a 7°C por 24h e congelados a -10°C por 12h, 60h e 120h. Após cada tratamento, foram coletados 50g dos cortes e 16g do coração para realização do bioensaio em camundongos e PCR. Após oito semanas, os camundongos foram eutanasiados e coletados órgãos para histopatológico, cérebro para “squash” e PCR e soro para RIFI. Foram positivos dois camundongos inoculados com amostras “in natura” e um inoculado com amostra após o resfriamento.  Não foi possível verificar o efeito do congelamento sobe a viabilidade do T. gondii.
INCIDÊNCIA DE SÍNDROME CÓLICA OCASIONADAS POR CORPOS ESTRANHOS EM CAVALOS CARROCEIROS DE CURITIBA
Authors: Castro Monalisa Lukascek , Araújo Frederico Fernandes , Silva Jéssica Rodrigues da , Laskoski Luciane Maria , Vilani Ricardo Guilherme D´Otaviano de Castro , Dornbusch Peterson Triches
Published: December 2016

As obstruções ocasionadas por corpos estranhos em equinos de tração são causadoras de síndrome cólica. Nestes animais esta incidência dá-se ao fato destes viverem em locais de más condições sanitárias e possuírem manejo nutricional ineficiente. O presente trabalho relata os achados de corpos estranhos intestinais ocasionando síndrome cólica em seis animais atendidos no Hospital Veterinário da Universidade Federal do Paraná. Foram encontrados nos animais sacos plásticos e enterólitos em cólon menor, cólon maior, reto ou cólon transverso. A resolução foi cirúrgica para cinco animais e clínica em um. Demonstra-se a incidência de obstruções causadas pela ingestão de corpos estranhos nestes animais, enfatizando suas causas, principais locais e os métodos de diagnóstico auxiliares. A frequência de desconforto abdominal devido esta causa mostrou-se alta devido ao erro de manejo destes.
As mudanças no Código Florestal Brasileiro: uma análise de gênero, ideologia partidária e financiamento de campanha das bancadas parlamentares
Authors: Horochovski Rodrigo Rossi , Junckes Ivan Jairo , Tiepolo Liliani Marília , Camargo Neilor Fermino , Marques Paulo Henrique Carneiro
Published: December 2016

O artigo analisa a votação, na Câmara dos Deputados, do Substitutivo do Senado ao Projeto de Lei (PL) Nº 1.876/1999, que se converteu no Código Florestal em vigência no Brasil (Lei nº 12.651/2012). O referido substitutivo foi rejeitado, o que, na prática, significou a aprovação de uma legislação mais flexível em relação às restrições de uso do solo, atendendo os interesses de grupos favoráveis à ampliação tanto de sua exploração, quanto da própria fronteira agrícola brasileira. O principal procedimento metodológico consistiu no cruzamento dos dados de votação da matéria com uma série de atributos dos deputados presentes – gênero, ideologia partidária, pertencimento à bancada ruralista e financiamento de campanha, especialmente o recebimento de doações de empresas ligadas ao agronegócio. A partir de análises descritivas, da aplicação de testes de razão de chances e da geração de redes de financiamento eleitoral, obtivemos, como resultado principal, que o posicionamento dos deputados está relacionado aos atributos investigados. Em síntese, deputados homens, não filiados a partidos de esquerda, ruralistas e financiados por empresas ligadas ao agronegócio apresentaram chances significativamente maiores de votar contra o substitutivo do Senado e, em consequência, manter o PL aprovado antes de ir à Câmara Alta. Como ocorre em outros temas, as características das bancadas importam nos processos decisórios relacionados à questão ambiental.
Desafios epistemológicos para o pensamento socioambiental contemporâneo: a produção do conhecimento institucional e sua relação com os demais saberes e práticas
Authors: Foriani Dimas
Published: December 2016

Conferência de abertura do III Seminário de Projetos de Pesquisa do Programa de Pós-Graduação em Desenvolvimento Territorial Sustentável(PPGDTS), da Universidade Federal do Paraná, realizada em 30 de junho de 2016, na cidade de Matinhos (PR)