bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Pengukuran Pergerakan Miniatur Pelampung pada Titik X,Y,Z terhadap Pergerakan Gelombang
Authors: Keinejo Taya Romand , Warpindyasmoro Heri Saptono , Khoswanto Handry
Published: July 2023

Pemanfaatan gelombang air sebagai penggerak pembangkit listrik saat ini sedang banyak di teliti, untuk mendapatkan data pola pergerakan maka dibuat sistem pembaca pola gerak dengan memanfaatkan sensor ultrasonic dan sensor accellerometer. Sistem ini terdiri dari sebuah pelampung, yang terdapat sistem pengambilan data oleh Wemos-D1 dan dilengkapi dengan sensor ultrasonic dan sensor accellerometer sebagai alat untuk mendapatkan data pergerakan pelampung. Didalam sistem terdapat SD card sebagai penyimpan data dan juga ESP8266 sebagai pengirim data secara realtime. Berdasarkan hasil pengujian data yang diterima pada SD card dan ESP8266 adalah sama. sehingga data dapat di olah secara langsung pada saat terjadi pengiriman data melalui ESP8266.
Aplikasi Mobile Untuk Pemantauan Simulasi Ketinggian Permukaan Air Berbasis Internet of Things (IoT)
Authors: Hidayat Andreas Setiawan , Lim Resmana
Published: July 2023

Pada paper ini, dibuat sistem pemantauan ketinggian permukaan air berbasis Internet of Things. Sistem terdiri dari aplikasi mobile, Raspberry Pi, sensor ultrasonik, Pi Camera, dan Cloud. Diharapkan sistem dapat membantu untuk antisipasi banjir. Aplikasi mobile berfungsi sebagai antarmuka pengguna dengan sistem. Raspberry Pi dan sensor ultrasonik berfungsi untuk mengambil dan mengelola data ketinggian permukaan air. Pi Camera berfungsi untuk melihat keadaan perairan secara langsung. Cloud berfungsi untuk menyimpan data ketinggian permukaan air. Dari pengujian, didapatkan bahwa aplikasi mobile dapat melakukan komunikasi dengan Cloud untuk mengambil dan mengirim data. Raspberry Pi dapat melakukan komunikasi dengan Cloud untuk mengirim data. Pi Camera dapat diakses oleh aplikasi. Pembacaan dengan sensor ultrasonik menggunakan 3 filter: tanpa filter, filter median, moving average filter. Pengujian menunjukkan hasil pembacaan terbaik dihasilkan filter median. Ratarata kesalahan pembacaan ketinggian permukaan air menggunakan sensor ultrasonik dengan filter median dibandingkan dengan pembacaan menggunakan meter ukur tanpa gangguan sebesar 6,2%, dan dengan gangguan sebesar 6,3%.
Sistem Pemantauan Meteran Air Berbasis Optical Character Recognition
Authors: Sanjaya Ivan , Sugiarto Indar
Published: July 2023

Petugas pencatat meteran air perlu berkeliling ke rumah pelanggan setiap bulannya untuk mencatat angka meteran air secara manual. Sebagian pelanggan memiliki meteran air yang terletak di bagian dalam rumah. Oleh karena itu pelanggan perlu mencatat angka meteran dan menempelkannya di depan rumah agar petugas dapat melihat angka tersebut. Terkadang pelanggan dapat lupa untuk mencatat meteran mereka secara manual.

Teknologi Optical Character Recognition dapat digunakan untuk mengenali angka yang terdapat pada meteran air. Dengan memanfaatkan teknologi Internet of Things, hasil pengenalan angka meteran air dapat disimpan dalam database melalui koneksi nirkabel. Kedua teknologi tersebut dapat digunakan untuk melakukan pencatatan dan penyimpanan angka meteran air secara otomatis. Kemudian angka meteran tersebut dapat ditampilkan agar petugas pencatat dapat melihat dengan menggunakan 7-segment display. Setelah itu dengan menggunakan dashboard, pelanggan dapat memantau penggunaan air mereka dan dapat mendeteksi kemungkinan kebocoran pipa.

Dari hasil pengujian, pembacaan angka meteran air memiliki akurasi 100% untuk pembacaan bagian m3. Sistem tidak dapat mengkalsifikasikan angka meteran melakukan pembacaan bagian liter. Pengisian baterai 3000mAH dengan arus 1A memerlukan waktu 5 jam.

 

Kata Kunci— ESP32-CAM, Optical Character Recognition, Rspberry Pi Zero, Dashboard, 7-Segment, Meteran Air
Excess Death Rates for Republican and Democratic Registered Voters in Florida and Ohio During the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Wallace Jacob , Goldsmith-Pinkham Paul , Schwartz Jason L.
Published: July 2023

Importance

There is evidence that Republican-leaning counties have had higher COVID-19 death rates than Democratic-leaning counties and similar evidence of an association between political party affiliation and attitudes regarding COVID-19 vaccination; further data on these rates may be useful.

Objective

To assess political party affiliation and mortality rates for individuals during the initial 22 months of the COVID-19 pandemic.

Design, Setting, and Participants

A cross-sectional comparison of excess mortality between registered Republican and Democratic voters between March 2020 and December 2021 adjusted for age and state of voter registration was conducted. Voter and mortality data from Florida and Ohio in 2017 linked to mortality records for January 1, 2018, to December 31, 2021, were used in data analysis.

Exposures

Political party affiliation.

Main Outcomes and Measures

Excess weekly deaths during the COVID-19 pandemic adjusted for age, county, party affiliation, and seasonality.

Results

Between January 1, 2018, and December 31, 2021, there were 538 159 individuals in Ohio and Florida who died at age 25 years or older in the study sample. The median age at death was 78 years (IQR, 71-89 years). Overall, the excess death rate for Republican voters was 2.8 percentage points, or 15%, higher than the excess death rate for Democratic voters (95% prediction interval [PI], 1.6-3.7 percentage points). After May 1, 2021, when vaccines were available to all adults, the excess death rate gap between Republican and Democratic voters widened from −0.9 percentage point (95% PI, −2.5 to 0.3 percentage points) to 7.7 percentage points (95% PI, 6.0-9.3 percentage points) in the adjusted analysis; the excess death rate among Republican voters was 43% higher than the excess death rate among Democratic voters. The gap in excess death rates between Republican and Democratic voters was larger in counties with lower vaccination rates and was primarily noted in voters residing in Ohio.

Conclusions and Relevance

In this cross-sectional study, an association was observed between political party affiliation and excess deaths in Ohio and Florida after COVID-19 vaccines were available to all adults. These findings suggest that differences in vaccination attitudes and reported uptake between Republican and Democratic voters may have been factors in the severity and trajectory of the pandemic in the US.
Population-Based Incidence of Influenza-Associated Serious Neuropsychiatric Events in Children and Adolescents
Authors: Antoon James W. , Williams Derek J. , Bruce Jean , Sekmen Mert , Zhu Yuwei , Edwards Kathryn M. , Grijalva Carlos G.
Published: July 2023

This cohort study assesses the incidence of influenza-associated serious neuropsychiatric events among US children and adolescents.
The glycolytic enzymes glyceraldehyde‐3‐phosphate dehydrogenase and hexokinase interact with cell cycle proteins in maize
Authors: Vargas‐Cortez Teresa , Guerrero‐Molina Estefany Damaris , Axosco‐Marin Javier , Vázquez‐Ramos Jorge Manuel , Lara‐Núñez Aurora
Published: July 2023

Cyclin/cyclin‐dependent kinase (CDK) heterodimers have multiple phosphorylation targets and may alter the activity of these targets. Proteins from different metabolic processes are among the phosphorylation targets, that is, enzymes of central carbon metabolism. This work explores the interaction of Cyc/CDK complex members with the glycolytic enzymes hexokinase 7 (HXK7) and glyceraldehyde‐3‐phosphate dehydrogenase (GAP). Both enzymes interacted steadily with CycD2;2, CycB2;1 and CDKA;1 but not with CDKB1;1. However, Cyc/CDKB1;1 complexes phosphorylated both enzymes, decreasing their activities. Treatment with a CDK‐specific inhibitor (RO‐3306) or with lambda phosphatase after kinase assay restored total HXK7 activity, but not GAP activity. In enzymatic assays, increasing concentrations of CDKB1;1, but not of CycD2;2, CycB2;1 or CycD2;2/CDKB1;1 complex, decreased GAP activity. Cell cycle regulators may modulate carbon channeling in glycolysis by two different mechanisms: Cyc/CDK‐mediated phosphorylation of targets (e.g., HXK7; canonical mechanism) or by direct and transient interaction of the metabolic enzyme (e.g., GAP) with CDKB1;1 without a Cyc partner (alternative mechanism).
Research Progress of Laminated Composite Ceramic Cutting Tools
Authors: Du Chongzhen , Huang Chuanzhen , Li Shijie , Liu Hanlian
Published: July 2023

The design of the lamination structure based on bionic shell pearl layer is a successful method for toughening ceramics. Lamination with strong bonding interfaces is used to improve the mechanical property and low fracture toughness of ceramic cutting tools. Based on the idea of demand–design–preparation–analysis–failure, the development and research progress of laminated ceramic tools are reviewed herein. The research status of design, interlayer diffusion reaction, residual stress, toughening mechanism, and crack propagation path of the biomimetic laminated ceramic composite tool materials is mainly introduced. The major topics of current research include the creation of material systems, the evolution of microstructure, and the assessment of macroscopic mechanical properties. The entire mechanical properties of laminated ceramic tools are significantly influenced by the multicomposition design of the ceramic material system and the optimization design of structural parameters of layer number and layer thickness ratio. However, the research on the practical cutting application of laminated ceramic tools is limited. Cutting tool wear characteristics vary between laminated and homogeneous ceramic tools. The development of useful laminated ceramic cutting tools can greatly benefit from the study on failure mechanisms of laminated ceramic tools.
Antimicrobial Studies of Black Silicon and Black Diamond Using Gram‐Positive Bacteria
Authors: Norouzi Neda , Woudstra Willem , Smith Edmund J.W. , Zulpukarova Gulnur , Yao Kaili , Damle Viraj G. , Schirhagl Romana , May Paul W. , Kamp Tom
Published: July 2023

Herein, it is investigated if black diamond is useful in a bactericidal surface. Black diamond is derived from black silicon, a silicon surface structured into nanosized needles. Black diamond is obtained by coating black silicon with a thin diamond film, rendering the nanostructures more robust. The bactericidal and antibacterial properties of fluorine‐terminated and hydrogen‐terminated black diamonds with those of black silicon and for flat surfaces of diamond (on silicon) with the same terminations are studied. The ability to repel and kill Gram‐positive Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis is evaluated, which have a thicker cell wall and are more mechanically robust than the bacteria that are studied before. The initial adhesion as well as long‐term 24 h biofilm formation is studied. The number of bacteria that initially adhere to the fluorine‐terminated black diamond surface is reduced and has the highest dead bacterial ratio. Biofilm formation after 24 h shows that while all surfaces outperform glass over the long term, diamond‐coated surfaces with both fluorine and hydrogen termination have a significant inhibiting biofilm formation effect. In conclusion, fluorinated and hydrogenated diamond‐coated surfaces with and without nanoneedles have repelling, bactericidal, and biofilm‐inhibiting effects on Gram‐positive bacterial strains and are promising antimicrobial surfaces.
A 3d‐4d‐5d High Entropy Alloy as a Bifunctional Oxygen Catalyst for Robust Aqueous Zinc–Air Batteries
Authors: He Ren , Yang Linlin , Zhang Yu , Jiang Daochuan , Lee Seungho , Horta Sharona , Liang Zhifu , Lu Xuan , Ostovari Moghaddam Ahmad , Li Junshan , Ibáñez Maria , Xu Ying , Zhou Yingtang , Cabot Andreu
Published: July 2023

High entropy alloys (HEAs) are highly suitable candidate catalysts for oxygen evolution and reduction reactions (OER/ORR) as they offer numerous parameters for optimizing the electronic structure and catalytic sites. Herein, FeCoNiMoW HEA nanoparticles are synthesized using a solution‐based low‐temperature approach. Such FeCoNiMoW nanoparticles show high entropy properties, subtle lattice distortions, and modulated electronic structure, leading to superior OER performance with an overpotential of 233 mV at 10 mA cm−2 and 276 mV at 100 mA cm−2. Density functional theory calculations reveal the electronic structures of the FeCoNiMoW active sites with an optimized d‐band center position that enables suitable adsorption of OOH* intermediates and reduces the Gibbs free energy barrier in the OER process. Aqueous zinc–air batteries (ZABs) based on this HEA demonstrate a high open circuit potential of 1.59 V, a peak power density of 116.9 mW cm−2, a specific capacity of 857 mAh gZn−1, and excellent stability for over 660 h of continuous charge–discharge cycles. Flexible and solid ZABs are also assembled and tested, displaying excellent charge–discharge performance at different bending angles. This work shows the significance of 4d/5d metal‐modulated electronic structure and optimized adsorption ability to improve the performance of OER/ORR, ZABs, and beyond.
Synthesis of Zwitterionic CsPbBr3 Nanocrystals with Controlled Anisotropy using Surface‐Selective Ligand Pairs
Authors: Zhu Hua , Kick Matthias , Ginterseder Matthias , Krajewska Chantalle J. , Šverko Tara , Li Ruipeng , Lu Yongli , Shih Meng‐Chen , Van Voorhis Troy , Bawendi Moungi G.
Published: July 2023

Mechanistic studies of the morphology of lead halide perovskite nanocrystals (LHP‐NCs) are hampered by a lack of generalizable suitable synthetic strategies and ligand systems. Here, the synthesis of zwitterionic CsPbBr3 NCs is presented with controlled anisotropy using a proposed “surface‐selective ligand pairs” strategy. Such a strategy provides a platform to systematically study the binding affinity of capping ligand pairs and the resulting LHP morphologies. By using zwitterionic ligands (ZwL) with varying structures, majority ZwL‐capped LHP NCs with controlled morphology are obtained, including anisotropic nanoplatelets and nanorods, for the first time. Combining experiments with density functional theory calculations, factors that govern the ligand binding on the different surface facets of LHP‐NCs are revealed, including the steric bulkiness of the ligand, the number of binding sites, and the charge distance between binding moieties. This study provides guidance for the further exploration of anisotropic LHP‐NCs.
In‐Situ‐Generated Electron‐Blocking LiH Enabling an Unprecedented Critical Current Density of Over 15 mA cm−2 for Solid‐State Hydride Electrolytes
Authors: Wei Yiqi , Yang Yaxiong , Chen Zichong , Gao Panyu , Ma Qihang , Gao Mingxi , Yan Chenhui , Wu Zhijun , Jiang Yinzhu , Chen Jian , Yu Xuebin , Li Zhenglong , Zhang Xin , Liu Yongfeng , Gao Mingxia , Sun Wenping , Pan Hongge
Published: July 2023

LiBH4 is a promising solid‐state electrolyte (SE) due to its thermodynamic stability to Li. However, poor Li‐ion conductivities at room temperature, low oxidative stabilities, and severe dendrite growth hamper its application. In this work, a partial dehydrogenation strategy is adopted to in situ generate an electronic blocking layer dispersed of LiH, addressing the above three issues simultaneously. The electrically insulated LiH reduces the electronic conductivity by two orders of magnitude, leading to a 32.0‐times higher critical electrical bias for dendrite growth on the particle surfaces than that of the counterpart. Additionally, this layer not only promotes the Li‐ion conductance by stimulating coordinated rotations of BH4− and B12H122−, contributing to a Li‐ion conductivity of 1.38 × 10−3 S cm−1 at 25 °C, but also greatly enhances oxidation stability by localizing the electron density on BH4−, extending its voltage window to 6.0 V. Consequently, this electrolyte exhibits an unprecedented critical current density (CCD) of 15.12 mA cm−2 at 25 °C, long‐term Li plating and stripping stability for 2700 h, and a wide temperature window for dendrite inhibition from −30 to 150 °C. Its Li‐LiCoO2 cell displays high reversibility within 3.0–5.0 V. It is believed that this work provides a clear direction for solid‐state hydride electrolytes.
Enriching Metal–Oxygen Species and Phosphate Modulating of Active Sites for Robust Electrocatalytical CO2 Reduction
Authors: Zhang Bo , Chang Yuan , Zhai Panlong , Wang Chen , Gao Junfeng , Sun Licheng , Hou Jungang
Published: July 2023

Direct electrochemical reduction of CO2 (CO2RR) into value‐added chemicals is a promising solution to reduce carbon emissions. The activity of CO2RR is influenced deeply by the reaction microenvironment and electronic properties of the catalysts. Herein, the surface PO43− anions are tuned to modulate the local microenvironment and the electronic properties of the indium‐based catalyst with abundant metal–oxygen species enabling efficient electrochemical conversion of CO2 to HCOO−. Indium nanoparticles coupled with PO43− anions (PO43−‐In NPs) achieve a high selectivity of HCOO− up to 91.4% at a low potential of −0.98 V versus reversible hydrogen electrode (versus RHE) and a high HCOO− partial current density of 279.3 mA cm−2 at −1.1 V versus RHE in the electrochemical flow cell. In situ and ex situ characterizations confirm the PO43− anions keep stable on the surface of indium during CO2RR, accelerating the generation of OCHO* intermediate. From density functional theory calculations, PO43− anions enrich the metal–oxygen species on the substrate to optimize the electronic structure of the catalysts and induce a local microenvironment with massive K+ ions on the interface, thus reducing the activation energy barrier of CO2RR.
Solution Processed Semi‐Transparent Organic Solar Cells Over 50% Visible Transmittance Enabled by Silver Nanowire Electrode with Sandwich Structure
Authors: Sun Shaoming , Zha Wusong , Tian Chenyang , Wei Zhixiang , Luo Qun , Ma Chang‐Qi , Liu Wuyue , Zhu Xiaozhang
Published: July 2023

Photovoltaic windows with easy installation for the power supply of household appliances have long been a desire of energy researchers. However, due to the lack of top electrodes that offer both high transparency and low sheet resistance, the development of high‐transparency photovoltaic windows for indoor lighting scenarios has lagged significantly behind photovoltaic windows where privacy issues are involved. Addressing this issue, this work develops a solution‐processable transparent top electrode using sandwich structure silver nanowires, realizing high transparency in semi‐transparent organic solar cells. The wettability and conducting properties of the electrode are improved by a modified hole‐transport layer named HP. The semi‐transparent solar cell exhibits good see‐through properties at a high average visible transmittance of 50.8%, with power conversion efficiency of 7.34%, and light utilization efficiency of 3.73%, which is the highest without optical modulations. Moreover, flexible devices based on the above‐mentioned architecture also show excellent mechanical tolerance compared with Ag electrode counterparts, which retains 94.5% of their original efficiency after 1500 bending cycles. This work provides a valuable approach for fabricating solution‐processed high transparency organic solar cells, which is essential in future applications in building integrated photovoltaics.
Investigating the Potential of Cuboidal Nanometals as Protein Subunit Vaccine Carriers In Vivo
Authors: Yavuz Emine , Walters Adam A. , Chudasama Bhavnesh V. , Han Shunping , Qin Yue , Al‐Jamal Khuloud T.
Published: July 2023

Metal nanoparticles (NPs) are suggested as a vaccine delivery platform. At present, there is limited description of cuboidal Ag nanocubes (AgNCs; nonporous) and Au nanocages (AuNCs; porous) as a protein carrier for vaccination. Here, the intrinsic protein binding ability of AgNC and AuNC is first investigated, using ovalbumin (OVA) as a model antigen, to determine its suitability as a vaccine carrier. Next, the effect of AgNCs and AuNCs on bone‐marrow‐derived dendritic cells (BMDCs) is assessed in vitro. Finally, in vivo humoral and cellular immune responses of AgNC–OVA and AuNC–OVA following intramuscular immunization and their prophylactic effects in B16F10‐OVA mice tumor model are investigated. In terms of OVA loading efficiency, AgNCs are superior to AuNCs. Both nanomaterials are found not to induce BMDC maturation at subtoxic doses. After administration of nanovaccines, serum immunoglobulin G (IgG) responses are comparable between groups. However, there are slight alterations in relative frequencies of lymphocyte subpopulations, with AgNC–OVA‐immunized mice exhibiting lower memory T cells and reduced B cell and T follicular helper cell populations in spleen. Overall, AgNC–OVA and AuNC–OVA immunizations do not alter tumor growth. This study characterizes the intrinsic immunomodulatory properties of AgNCs and AuNCs, as protein subunit vaccine carriers.
Surface Heterogeneity Affects Adsorption Selectivity for CO2 Over CH4 in Bare Mesostructured Silica with 2D Hexagonal Symmetry and Different Pore Size
Authors: Carta Paola , Scorciapino Mariano Andrea
Published: July 2023

Mesoporous silica‐based materials are used as sorbents and supports in many fields. The ordered pore architecture of MCM‐41, and the absence of interconnections, make it suitable as a model system. The surface is natively functionalized by many silanol groups, endowing the material with a polar surface to directly interact with the target species or to mount additional functional groups. Either bare or functionalized, surface silanol arrangement is crucial to material performance. In the case of CO2 capture with amine‐functionalized silica, silanol groups are responsible for fundamental H‐bonds during chemisorption, but they also modulate the effect and weight of humidity on the material performance. In addition, the silanol groups can also tune the weight of physisorption over chemisorption. The relationship between these aspects and the textural features of mesostructured silica has not been addressed in detail. In this study, computer models are employed to investigate the adsorption capacity and selectivity of bare mesostructured silica with three different pore sizes. Results are rationalized in terms of silanol surface density and pore curvature. The importance of the energetic inequivalence between Q3 and Q2 sites on the silica surface is emphasized, as this causes adsorption behavior to deviate from ideality.
Toward Development of CdZnTe and CdMnTe Thin Film‐Based Solar Cells: Optimized Properties and a Comparative Performance Exploration
Authors: Chander Subhash , Tripathi Surya Kant
Published: July 2023

Thin‐film solar cells (TFSCs) are garnering attention for their unstoppable growth as a sustainable energy source as well as their innovations and indispensability. TFSCs' efficiency has plateaued, necessitating the development of novel, practical, and inexpensive alternative energy sources. CdTe material lacks the band gap for the top layer. It can still be used as an absorber top layer in tandem photovoltaic cells by forming two new, promising materials, Cd1–xZnxTe (CZT) and Cd1–xMnxTe (CMT). Consequently, CZT and CMT based PV cells have been explored, and an attempt has been made to provide an alternative to cadmuim telluride. After exploring the physical properties of CZT and CMT thin films, CZT and CMT based photovoltaic cells were fabricated using the vacuum evaporation method. Both devices (with low absorber layer thickness, 1.05 µm) showed a power conversion efficiency of 6.67% and 6.11%, respectively. The depletion layer width and dopant densities of both photovoltaic cells were also determined by capacitance–voltage measurements. The quantum efficiencies were measured to identify the specific losses that are causing the measured short circuit current density to deviate from its ideal value. The reproducibility of the devices was also tested, and it is found to be good with an 8–12% deviation.
Glass Fiber Reinforced Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene Composite Gears by FDM 3D Printing
Authors: Bodaghi Mahdi , Sadooghi Ali , Bakhshi Mohammadreza , Hashemi Seyed Jalal , Rahmani Kaveh , Keshavarz Motamedi Mehdi
Published: July 2023

3D printing of gears via fused deposition modeling (FDM) has been recently introduced as a low‐cost efficient manufacturing method. Different materials have been 3D printed and Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene (ABS) with excellent mechanical properties has been found to be promising. However, 3D printed ABS gears possess a high level of abrasion rate. This paper introduces a new class of ABS‐based gears reinforced by different amounts of milled E‐glass fibers and 3D printed by FDM with acceptable thermo‐mechanical properties and performance. A set of thermo‐mechanical tests is carried out to provide an insight into the influence of adding glass fibers on the glass transition temperature (Tg), hardness and teeth bending strength, teeth failure force, weight lost, abrasion resistance, mechanical wear, and performance of composite gears. The mechanical behaviors of driving and driven gears are examined in high and room temperatures with or without lubrication. Microstructure and gear profile analysis of 3D printed layers, worn surfaces, and fracture locations are also conducted by SEM images and profile projector. The newly developed glass fiber reinforced ABS gears reveal a high level of thermo‐mechanical performance in terms of hardness, mechanical strength, bending force, abrasion and wear resistance compared to pure 3D printed ABS gears.
Hydrogel‐Gated Silicon Nanotransistors for SARS‐CoV‐2 Antigen Detection in Physiological Ionic Strength
Authors: Parichenko Alexandra , Choi Wonyeong , Shin Seonghwan , Schlecht Marlena , Gutierrez Rafael , Akbar Teuku Fawzul , Werner Carsten , Lee Jeong‐Soo , Ibarlucea Bergoi , Cuniberti Gianaurelio
Published: July 2023

The recent Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID‐19) outbreak strongly propels advancements in biosensor technology, leading to the emergence of novel methods for virus detection. Among them, those using nanostructured field‐effect transistors (FETs) provide an ultrasensitive approach toward point‐of‐care diagnostics. However, the application of these biosensors in analyzing biofluids has been limited by their reduced screening length in high ionic strength liquids. To address this challenge, a solution is presented involving the surface modification of FETs with a hydrogel based on star‐shaped polyethylene glycol. This hydrogel is loaded with specific antibodies against the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) spike protein. By incorporating the hydrogel, the effective Debye length is effectively increased, thereby preserving the sensitivity in biofluids. The efficacy of this approach is demonstrated by employing silicon nanonet‐based FETs for the detection of viral antigens in both buffer and saliva, as well as cultured viral particle dispersions. Moreover, positive and negative patient samples are successfully differentiated, showcasing the practical application of this method. Finally, a theoretical frame is proposed to elucidate the underlying mechanism behind the preservation of sensitivity.
Harnessing the Power of the De Mayo Reaction: Unveiling a Photochemical and Photocatalytic Masked [2+2] Methodology for Organic Synthesis
Authors: Salaverri Noelia , Alemán José , Marzo Leyre
Published: July 2023

In 1962, Paul J. de Mayo initially described the photochemical reaction involving 1,3‐diketones and double bonds, resulting in the formation of 1,5‐diketones. Since then, this reaction has been extensively utilized for the synthesis of a wide range of fascinating natural products. Over time, this synthetic methodology has been applied to various carbonyl systems, including locked enol‐tautomers of diketones, β‐keto esters, and β‐enaminones. Additionally, it has found application in other unsaturated systems such as allenes and alkynes. In this review article, we provide a comprehensive overview of the classical de Mayo reaction, highlighting its scope and potential. Furthermore, we focus on recent advances achieved through photocatalytic conditions. Special emphasis is placed on the regioselectivity of the process and the underlying reaction mechanism, particularly within the context of photocatalysis.
Absence of Spin‐Orbit Torque and Discovery of Anisotropic Planar Nernst Effect in CoFe Single Crystal
Authors: Liu Qianbiao , Lin Xin , Zhu Lijun
Published: July 2023

Exploration of exotic spin polarizations in single crystals is of increasing interest. A current of longitudinal spins, the so‐called “Dresselhaus‐like” spin current, which is forbidden in materials lacking certain inversion asymmetries, is implied to be generated by a charge current at the interface of single‐crystal CoFe. This work reports unambiguous evidence that there is no indication of spin current of any spin polarizations from the interface or bulk of single‐crystalline CoFe and that the sin2φ second harmonic Hall voltage, which is previously assumed to signify Dresselhaus‐like spin current, is not related to any spin currents but rather a planar Nernst voltage induced by a longitudinal temperature gradient within the sample. Such sin2φ signal is independent of large applied magnetic fields and interfacial spin‐orbit coupling, inversely correlated to the heat capacity of the substrates and overlayers, quadratic in charge current, and appears also in polycrystalline ferromagnets. Strikingly, the planar Nernst effect (PNE) in the CoFe single crystal has a strong fourfold anisotropy and varies with the crystalline orientation. Such strong, anisotropic PNE has widespread impacts on the analyses of a variety of spintronic experiments and opens a new avenue for the development of PNE‐based thermoelectric battery and sensor applications.
Rechargeable Solid‐State Na‐Metal Battery Operating at −20 °C
Authors: Jin Haibo , Xiao Xiong , Chen Lai , Ni Qing , Sun Chen , Miao Runqing , Li Jingbo , Su Yuefeng , Wang Chengzhi
Published: July 2023

Achieving satisfactory performance for a solid‐state Na‐metal battery (SSNMB) with an inorganic solid electrolyte (SE), especially under freezing temperatures, poses a challenge for stabilizing a Na‐metal anode. Herein, this challenge is addressed by utilizing a Natrium super ionic conductor (NASICON) NASICON‐type solid electrolyte, enabling the operation of a rechargeable SSNMB over a wide temperature range from −20 to 45 °C. The interfacial resistance at the Na metal/SE interface is only 0.4 Ω cm2 at 45 °C and remains below 110 Ω cm2 even at −20 °C. Remarkably, long‐term Na‐metal plating/stripping cycles lasting over 2000 h at −20 °C are achieved with minimal polarization voltages at 0.1 mA cm−2. Further analysis reveals the formation of a uniform Na3−xCaxPO4 interphase layer at the interface, which significantly contributes to the exceptional interfacial performance observed. By employing a Na3V1.5Al0.5(PO4)3 cathode, the full battery system demonstrates excellent adaptability to low temperatures, exhibiting a capacity of 80 mA h g−1 at −20 °C over 50 cycles and retaining a capacity of 108 mAh g−1 (88.5% of the capacity at 45 °C) at 0 °C over 275 cycles. This research significantly reduces the temperature threshold for SSNMB operation and paves the way toward solid‐state batteries suitable for all‐season applications.
3D‐Printed Artificial Cilia Arrays: A Versatile Tool for Customizable Mechanosensing
Authors: Glass Phillip , Shar Andy , Pemberton Charles , Nguyen Ethan , Park Sung Hyun , Joung Daeha
Published: July 2023

Bio‐inspired cilium‐based mechanosensors offer a high level of responsiveness, making them suitable for a wide range of industrial, environmental, and biomedical applications. Despite great promise, the development of sensors with multifunctionality, scalability, customizability, and sensing linearity presents challenges due to the complex sensing mechanisms and fabrication methods involved. To this end, high‐aspect‐ratio polycaprolactone/graphene cilia structures with high conductivity, and facile fabrication are employed to address these challenges. For these 3D‐printed structures, an “inter‐cilium contact” sensing mechanism that enables the sensor to function akin to an on‐off switch, significantly enhancing sensitivity and reducing ambiguity in detection, is proposed. The cilia structures exhibit high levels of customizability, including thickness, height, spacing, and arrangement, while maintaining mechanical robustness. The simplicity of the sensor design enables highly sensitive detection in diverse applications, encompassing airflow and water flow monitoring, braille detection, and debris recognition. Overall, the unique conductive cilia‐based sensing mechanism that is proposed brings several advantages, advancing the development of multi‐sensing capabilities and flexible electronic skin applications in smart robotics and human prosthetics.
Spin State Disproportionation in Insulating Ferromagnetic LaCoO3 Epitaxial Thin Films
Authors: Chen Shanquan , Chang Jhong‐Yi , Zhang Qinghua , Li Qiuyue , Lin Ting , Meng Fanqi , Huang Haoliang , Si Yangyang , Zeng Shengwei , Yin Xinmao , Duong My Ngoc , Lu Yalin , Chen Lang , Guo Er‐Jia , Chen Hanghui , Chang Chun‐Fu , Kuo Chang‐Yang , Chen Zuhuang
Published: July 2023

The origin of insulating ferromagnetism in epitaxial LaCoO3 films under tensile strain remains elusive despite extensive research efforts are devoted. Surprisingly, the spin state of its Co ions, the main parameter of its ferromagnetism, is still to be determined. Here, the spin state in epitaxial LaCoO3 thin films is systematically investigated to clarify the mechanism of strain‐induced ferromagnetism using element‐specific X‐ray absorption spectroscopy and dichroism. Combining with the configuration interaction cluster calculations, it is unambiguously demonstrated that Co3+ in LaCoO3 films under compressive strain (on LaAlO3 substrate) is practically a low‐spin state, whereas Co3+ in LaCoO3 films under tensile strain (on SrTiO3 substrate) have mixed high‐spin and low‐spin states with a ratio close to 1:3. From the identification of this spin state ratio, it is inferred that the dark strips observed by high‐resolution scanning transmission electron microscopy indicate the position of Co3+ high‐spin state, i.e., an observation of a spin state disproportionation in tensile‐strained LaCoO3 films. This consequently explains the nature of ferromagnetism in LaCoO3 films. The study highlights the importance of spin state degrees of freedom, along with thin‐film strain engineering, in creating new physical properties that do not exist in bulk materials.
Highly Efficient and Air‐Stable Inorganic Perovskite Solar Cells Enabled by Polylactic Acid Modification
Authors: Xiao Hanrui , Zuo Chuantian , Yan Keyou , Jin Zhiwen , Cheng Yuanhang , Tian He , Xiao Zuo , Liu Fangyang , Ding Yong , Ding Liming
Published: July 2023

Inorganic perovskite solar cells (PSCs) suffer from serious carrier recombination and open‐circuit voltage loss because of surface defects and unfavorable energy level alignment. Herein, a polylactic acid (PLA) modification approach to improve the performance of mixed‐halide inorganic perovskites is reported. First, the surface defects are effectively passivated through strong interaction between C═O in PLA and undercoordinated Pb2+. Second, secondary grain growth is induced by PLA modification, resulting in larger grain sizes. Third, PLA modification makes the surface region of perovskite change from n‐ to p‐type, favoring charge transport from perovskite to the hole transport layer (HTL). The PLA modified films enable PSCs with less nonradiative recombination and lower energy loss. Consequently, record PCEs of 19.12% and 18.05% are achieved for CsPbI2.25Br0.75 and CsPbI2Br PSCs, respectively. The PSC with an active area of 1 cm2 shows a PCE of 16.41%. A PCE of 14.70% is achieved for HTL‐free PSC with carbon electrode. In addition, the PSC with PLA modification shows significantly improved air stability due to the hydrophobic PLA coating. This work suggests that PLA surface modification is an effective approach to achieving efficient, stable, scalable, and low‐cost inorganic PSCs.
Neurofibromatosis‐ and schwannomatosis‐associated tumors: Approaches to genetic testing and counseling considerations
Authors: Goetsch Weisman Allison , Weiss McQuaid Shelly , Radtke Heather B. , Stoll Jessica , Brown Bryce , Gomes Alicia
Published: July 2023

Neurofibromatosis (NF) and schwannomatosis (SWN) are genetic conditions characterized by the risk of developing nervous system tumors. Recently revised diagnostic criteria include the addition of genetic testing to confirm a pathogenic variant, as well as to detect the presence of mosaicism. Therefore, the use and interpretation of both germline and tumor‐based testing have increasing importance in the diagnostic approach, treatment decisions, and risk stratification of these conditions. This focused review discusses approaches to genetic testing of NF‐ and SWN‐related tumor types, which are somewhat rare and perhaps lesser known to non‐specialized clinicians. These include gastrointestinal stromal tumors, breast cancer, plexiform neurofibromas with or without transformation to malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumors, gliomas, and schwannomas, and emphasizes the need for inclusion of genetic providers in patient care and appropriate pre‐ and post‐test education, genetic counseling, and focused evaluation by a medical geneticist or other healthcare provider familiar with clinical manifestations of these disorders.
Centimeter‐Size Single Crystals of Halide Perovskite Photoferroelectric Solid Solution with Ultrahigh Pyroelectricity Boosted Photodetection
Authors: Li Xiaoqi , Zhang Fen , Yue Zengshan , Wang Qianxi , Sun Zhihua , Luo Junhua , Liu Xitao
Published: July 2023

Photoferroelectrics, especially emerging halide perovskite ferroelectrics, have motivated tremendous interests owing to their fascinating bulk photovoltaic effect (BPVE) and cross‐coupled functionalities. However, solid solutions of halide perovskite photoferroelectrics with controllable structure and enhanced performance are scarcely explored. Herein, through mixing cage cation, a homogeneous halide perovskite photoferroelectric PA2FAxMA1−xPb2Br7 solid solution (PA, FA and MA are CH3CH2CH2NH3+, NH2CHNH2+ and CH3NH3+, 0≤x≤1) has been developed, which demonstrates tunable Curie temperature in a wide range of 263–323 K and excellent optoelectrical features. As the component adjusted to x=0.7, the bulk crystal demonstrates ultrahigh pyroelectric coefficient up to 1.48 μC cm−2 K−1 around room temperature. Strikingly, benefiting from the light‐induced pyroelectricity and remarkable BPVE, a self‐powered and sensitive photodetector based solid solution crystals with boosted responsivity and detectivity over than 1300 % has been achieved. This pioneering work sheds light on the exploration of photoferroelectric solid solutions towards high‐performance photoelectronic devices.
Tuning C1/C2 Selectivity of CO2 Electrochemical Reduction over in‐Situ Evolved CuO/SnO2 Heterostructure
Authors: Wang Min , Chen Huimin , Wang Min , Wang Jinxiu , Tuo Yongxiao , Li Wenzhen , Zhou Shanshan , Kong Linghui , Liu Guangbo , Jiang Luhua , Wang Guoxiong
Published: July 2023

Heterostructured oxides with versatile active sites, as a class of efficient catalysts for CO2 electrochemical reduction (CO2ER), are prone to undergo structure reconstruction under working conditions, thus bringing challenges to understanding the reaction mechanism and rationally designing catalysts. Herein, we for the first time elucidate the structural reconstruction of CuO/SnO2 under electrochemical potentials and reveal the intrinsic relationship between CO2ER product selectivity and the in situ evolved heterostructures. At −0.85 VRHE, the CuO/SnO2 evolves to Cu2O/SnO2 with high selectivity to HCOOH (Faradaic efficiency of 54.81 %). Mostly interestingly, it is reconstructed to Cu/SnO2‐x at −1.05 VRHE with significantly improved Faradaic efficiency to ethanol of 39.8 %. In situ Raman spectra and density functional theory (DFT) calculations reveal that the synergetic absorption of *COOH and *CHOCO intermediates at the interface of Cu/SnO2‐x favors the formation of *CO and decreases the energy barrier of C−C coupling, leading to high selectivity to ethanol.
Integrating Achiral and Chiral Organic Ligands in Zero‐Dimensional Hybrid Metal Halides to Boost Circularly Polarized Luminescence
Authors: Liu Yulian , Luo Zhishan , Wei Yi , Li Chen , Chen Yulin , He Xin , Chang Xiaoyong , Quan Zewei
Published: July 2023

Chiral zero‐dimensional hybrid metal halides (0D HMHs) could combine excellent optical properties and chirality, making them promising for circularly polarized luminescence (CPL). However, chiral 0D HMHs with efficient CPL have been rarely reported. Here, we propose an efficient strategy to achieve simultaneously high photoluminescence quantum yield (PLQY) and large dissymmetry factor (glum), by integrating achiral and chiral ligands into 0D HMHs. Specifically, three pairs of chiral 0D hybrid indium‐antimony chlorides are synthesized by combing achiral guanidine with three types of chiral methylbenzylammonium‐based derivatives as the organic cations. These chiral 0D HMHs exhibit near‐unity PLQY and large glum values up to around ±1×10−2. The achiral guanidine ligand is not only essential to crystallize these hybrid indium‐antimony chlorides to achieve near‐unity PLQYs, but also greatly enhances the chirality induction from organic ligands to inorganic units in these 0D HMHs. Furthermore, the choice of different chiral ligands can modify the strength of hydrogen bonding interactions in these 0D HMHs, to maximize their glum values. Overall, this study provides a robust way to realize efficient CPL in chiral HMHs, expanding their applications in chiroptical fields.
Atomization‐Induced High Intrinsic Activity of a Biocompatible MgAl‐LDH Supported Ru Single‐Atom Nanozyme for Efficient Radicals Scavenging
Authors: Wang Bingqing , Fang Yingyan , Han Xu , Jiang Runtao , Zhao Lin , Yang Xiang , Jin Jing , Han Aijuan , Liu Junfeng
Published: July 2023

Developing efficient nanozymes to mimic natural enzymes for scavenging reactive radicals remains a significant challenge owing to the insufficient activity of conventional nanozymes. Herein, we report a novel Ru single‐atom nanozyme (SAE), featuring atomically dispersed Ru atoms on a biocompatible MgAl‐layered double hydroxide (Ru1/LDH). The prepared Ru1/LDH SAE shows high intrinsic peroxidase (POD)‐like catalytic activity, which outperforms the Ru nanoclusters (NCs) nanozyme by a factor of 20 and surpasses most SAEs. The density functional theory calculations reveal that the high intrinsic POD‐like activity of Ru1/LDH can be attributed to a heterolytic path of H2O2 dissociation on the single Ru sites, which requires lower free energy (0.43 eV) compared to the homolytic path dissociation on Ru NC (0.63 eV). In addition, the Ru1/LDH SAE shows excellent multiple free radicals scavenging ability, including superoxide anion radical (O2⋅−), hydroxyl radical (⋅OH), nitric oxide radical (NO⋅) and 2, 2‐diphenyl‐1‐picrylhydrazyl radical (DPPH⋅). Given the advantages of Ru1/LDH with high enzymatic activities, biosafety, and ease to scale up, it paves the way for exploring SAEs in the practical biological immunity system.
Lithium Promotes Acetylide Formation on MgO During Methane Coupling Under Non‐Oxidative Conditions
Authors: Zhang Seraphine B. X. Y. , Pessemesse Quentin , Berkson Zachariah J. , van Bavel Alexander P. , Horton Andrew D. , Payard Pierre‐Adrien , Copéret Christophe
Published: July 2023

A prototypical material for the oxidative coupling of methane (OCM) is Li/MgO, for which Li is known to be essential as a dopant to obtain high C2 selectivities. Herein, Li/MgO is demonstrated to be an effective catalyst for non‐oxidative coupling of methane (NOCM). Moreover, the presence of Li is shown to favor the formation of magnesium acetylide (MgC2), while pure MgO promotes coke formation as evidenced by solid‐state 13C NMR, thus indicating that Li promotes C−C bond formation. Metadynamic simulations of the carbon mobility in MgC2 and Li2C2 at the density functional theory (DFT) level show that carbon easily diffuses as a C2 unit at 1000 °C. These insights suggest that the enhanced C2 selectivity for Li‐doped MgO is related to the formation of Li and Mg acetylides.
Long‐Life, High‐Rate Rechargeable Lithium Batteries Based on Soluble Bis(2‐pyrimidyl) Disulfide Cathode
Authors: Xing Hansong , Guo Wenlong , Tang Shuai , Si Yubing , Song Jiahan , Fu Yongzhu
Published: July 2023

Organosulfides are promising candidates as cathode materials for the development of electric vehicles and energy storage systems due to their low‐cost and high capacity properties. However, they generally suffer from slow kinetics because of the large rearrangement of S−S bonds and structural degradation upon cycling in batteries. In this paper, we reveal that soluble bis(2‐pyrimidyl) disulfide (Pym2S2) can be a high‐rate cathode material for rechargeable lithium batteries. Benefiting from the superdelocalization of pyrimidyl group, the extra electrons prefer to be localized on the π* (pyrimidyl group) than σ* (S−S bond) molecular orbitals initially, generating the anion‐like intermedia of [Pym2S2]2− and thus decreasing the dissociation energy of the S−S bond. It makes the intrinsic energy barrier of dissociative electron transfer depleted, therefore the lithium half cell exhibits 2000 cycles at 5 C. This study provides a distinct pathway for the design of high‐rate, long‐cycle‐life organic cathode materials.
Atroposelective PIII/PV=O Redox Catalysis for the Isoquinoline‐Forming Staudinger–aza‐Wittig Reaction
Authors: Moser Daniel , Jana Kalipada , Sparr Christof
Published: July 2023

Herein, we describe the feasibility of atroposelective PIII/PV=O redox organocatalysis by the Staudinger–aza‐Wittig reaction. The formation of isoquinoline heterocycles thereby enables the synthesis of a broad range of valuable atropisomers under mild conditions with enantioselectivities of up to 98 : 2 e.r. Readily prepared azido cinnamate substrates convert in high yield with stereocontrol by a chiral phosphine catalyst, which is regenerated using a silane reductant under Brønsted acid co‐catalysis. The reaction provides access to diversified aryl isoquinolines, as well as benzoisoquinoline and naphthyridine atropisomers. The products are expeditiously transformed into N‐oxides, naphthol and triaryl phosphine variants of prevalent catalysts and ligands. With dinitrogen release and aromatization as ideal driving forces, it is anticipated that atroposelective redox organocatalysis provides access to a multitude of aromatic heterocycles with precise control over their configuration.