bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Effects of IFN-γ and IL-4 Expression on PCNA Expression in Transplanted Bone Tumors
Authors: Lv Jiaxing , Zhao Li , Bai Leipeng , Xu Ying , Jin Yu , Li Zhehong , Su Zhenyan
Published: August 2021

Objective: The rabbit VX2 bone tumor model is an ideal experimental animal model for studying malignant bone tumors, but few studies on cytokines and tumor proliferation. This paper is aimed to study the effect of interferon-γ (IFN-γ) and interleukin-4 (IL-4) on the expression of proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) in tumor tissue. Methods: The experiment included 30 Japanese white rabbits divided into an experimental group (n=15) and a control group (n=15) according to the random number method. Peripheral blood and tumor tissue were collected at 1 and 2 weeks after tumor implantation. We used enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay to detect the expression levels of IFN-γ and IL-4 in peripheral blood and PCNA in tumor tissue. After the rabbits were euthanasia, the tissues were taken for pathological examination. Results: After tumor implantation, the expression level of IFN-γ in the experimental group in the 2nd week was significantly lower than that in the 1st week and 2nd week in the control group (p-value<0.005). In contrast, the expression level of IL-4 in the experimental group in the 2nd week was significantly higher than that in the 1st week and 2nd week in the control group (p-value<0.005). The expression level of PCNA in the experimental group in the 2nd week was significantly higher than that in the 1st week (P<0.005), and the PCNA expression in the 1st and 2nd week in the experimental group was higher than that in the 1st and 2nd week in the control group (p-value<0.005). In the 1st and 2nd week of tumor implantation, the correlation between IFN-γ and PCNA was negatively correlated(r=－0.566, p-value=0.028; r=－0.604, p-value=0.017), while the correlation between IL-4 and PCNA was positively correlated(r=0.583, p-value=0.023; r=0.884, p-value<0.005). Conclusion: In the VX2 bone tumor model of rabbit, with the extension of time after tumor implantation, there was a negative correlation between IFN-γ and PCNA and a positive correlation between IL-4 and PCNA.
Assessing equity and the determinants of socio-economic impacts of COVID-19: results from a cross-sectional survey in three counties in Kenya
Authors: Oyando Robinson , Orangi Stacey , Mwanga Daniel , Pinchoff Jessie , Abuya Timothy , Muluve Eva , Mbushi Faith , Austrian Karen , Barasa Edwine
Published: August 2021

Background: COVID-19 mitigation measures have major ramifications on all aspects of people’s livelihoods. Based on data collected in February 2021, we present an analysis of the socio-economic impacts of COVID-19 mitigation measures in three counties in Kenya.Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional phone-based survey in three counties in Kenya to assess the level of disruption across seven domains: income, food insecurity, schooling, domestic tension/violence, communal violence, mental health, and decision-making. An overall disruption index was computed from the seven domains using principal component analysis. We used a linear regression model to examine the determinants of vulnerability to disruptions as measured by the index. We used concentration curves and indices to assess inequality in the disruption domains and the overall disruption index.Results: The level of disruption in income was the highest (74%), while the level of disruption for domestic tension/violence was the lowest (30%). Factors associated with increased vulnerability to the overall disruption index included: older age, being married, belonging in the lowest socio-economic tertile and receiving COVID-19 related assistance. The concentration curves showed that all the seven domains of disruption were disproportionately concentrated among households in the lowest socio-economic tertile, a finding that was supported by the concentration index of the overall disruption index (CI = - 0.022; p = 0.074).Conclusion: The COVID-19 mitigation measures resulted in unintended socio-economic effects that unfairly affected certain vulnerable groups, including those in the lowest socio-economic group and the elderly. Measures to protect households against the adverse socio-economic effects of the pandemic should be scaled up and targeted to the most vulnerable, with attention to the constantly evolving nature of the pandemic.
Predictive value of erythrocyte sedimentation rate and C-reactive protein in Behcet's disease activity and manifestations: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Parsaei Amirhossein , Moradi Soroush , Masoumi Maryam , Davatchi Fereydoun , Najafi Anahita , Kooshki Ashkan Mohammadi , Hajighadery Abdolkarim , Akhlaghi Massoomeh , Faezi Tahereh , Kavosi Hoda
Published: August 2021

Background
Behcet’s disease (BD) as a chronic inflammatory condition that affects the eyes, skin, central nervous system, gastrointestinal tract and vessels. According to the literature, the exact value of C-reactive protein (CRP) and erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) in predicting active manifestations of BD remains controversial. In this study, we aim to assess and compare values of ESR and CRP between BD patients with active/ inactive BD and active/inactive manifestations of the disease. Moreover, we try to determine the predictive value of ESR and CRP for disease activity.
Methods
Participants (n = 514) were drug-naïve BD patients; Based on last two visits, ESR and CRP values, disease activity, and active manifestations were recorded. The Man-Whitney U test measured the associations, and the binomial logistic regression evaluated the predictive value of ESR and CRP for active disease and each active manifestation. The sensitivity and specificity and the area under the curve (AUC) for each model were determined using receiver operating characteristic curves (ROC). Multiple regressions were run to predict BD activity score from ESR and CRP.
Result
Patients with active ocular, oral, genital, joint and dermal manifestations had higher ESR and CRP values (Mann-Whitney U test, p < 0.05 for all). Binomial logistic regressions showed that ESR had valuable predictive value for active BD (OR = 1.09[1.04–1.13], AUC = 0.79[0.74–0.83], p < 0.001) and active vascular manifestations (1.03[1.01–1.05], AUC = 0.85[0.79–0.92], p < 0.001). CRP had good predictive value for active vascular manifestations (OR 1.98[1.45–2.72], AUC = 0.86[0.8–0.91], p < 0.001,). The optimal value of ESR ≥ 10.5 and ESR ≥ 42.5 could predict active BD and active vascular manifestations with Sensitivity,Specificity = 71%,75% and = 81%, 83% respectively.
Conclusions
ESR and CRP are both associated with active BD and most manifestations of the diseases. They can be used for the prediction of active BD and active vascular manifestations in BD patients. Further studies can help to confirm the findings of the current research.
Density determination of liquid iron-nickel-sulfur at high pressure
Authors: Kawaguchi Saori I. , Morard Guillaume , Kuwayama Yasuhiro , Hirose Kei , Hirao Naohisa , Ohishi Yasuo
Published: August 2021

The density of liquid iron-nickel-sulfur (Fe46.5Ni28.5S25) alloy was determined at pressures up to 74 GPa and an average temperature of 3400 K via pair distribution function (PDF) analysis of synchrotron X-ray diffraction (XRD) data obtained using laser-heated diamond-anvil cells. The determined density of liquid Fe46.5Ni28.5S25 at 74 GPa and 3400 K is 8.03(35) g/cm3, 15% lower than that of pure liquid Fe. The obtained density data were fitted to a third-order Vinet equation of state (EoS), and the determined isothermal bulk modulus and its pressure derivative at 24.6 GPa are KTPr = 110.5(250) GPa and KTPr′ = 7.2(25), respectively, with a fixed density of rPr = 6.43 g/cm3 at 24.6 GPa. The change in the atomic volume of Fe46.5Ni28.5S25 upon melting was found to be ~10% at the melting temperature, a significantly larger value than that of pure Fe (~3%). Combined with the above EoS parameters and the thermal dependence reported in the literature, our data were extrapolated to the outer core conditions of the Earth. Assuming that S is the only light element and considering the range of suggested Ni content, we estimated a 5.3–6.6 wt% S content in the Earth’s outer core.
Optimal volume selection of air vessels in long-distance water supply systems
Authors: Shi Lin , Zhang Jian , Yu Xiao-dong , Wang Xing-tao , Chen Xu-yun , Zhang Zhe-xin
Published: August 2021

The use of air vessels is an effective measure to control water hammers, and its volume selection has a certain blindness. This paper aims to reveal the surge wave characteristics and provide design guidelines for air vessels in long-distance water supply systems. First, the analytical formulas of water-level oscillations in the air vessel are derived based on the Krylov–Bogoliubov–Mitropolsky method. Then, an optimization model is constructed for selecting the optimal volume of the air vessels. Finally, the validation of the analytical formulas and the optimization of the model are conducted through two actual projects. The results show that the calculation error of the analytical formulas can be controlled within a very small range, and the process of selecting air vessel volume can be simplified with the provided model. In addition, increasing the air chamber height within its range can reduce the volume of air vessels with the same protection requirements. The optimization analysis results of the air vessel can provide guidance and reference for the design of actual projects.
Insights into the prediction capability of roughness coefficient in current ripple bedforms under varied hydraulic conditions
Authors: Roushangar Kiyoumars , Shahnazi Saman
Published: August 2021

Ubiquitous flow bedforms such as ripples in rivers and coastal environments can affect transport conditions as they constitute the bed roughness elements. The roughness coefficient needs to be adequately quantified owing to its significant influence on the performance of hydraulic structures and river management. This work intended to evaluate the sensitivity and robustness of three machine learning (ML) methods, namely, Gaussian process regression (GPR), artificial neural network (ANN), and support vector machine (SVM) for the prediction of the Manning's roughness coefficient of channels with ripple bedforms. To this end, 840 experimental data points considering various hydraulic conditions were prepared. According to the obtained results, GPR was found to accurately predict the Manning's coefficient with input parameters of Reynolds number (Re), depth to width ratio (y/b), the ratio of the hydraulic radius to the median grain diameter (R/D50), and grain Froude number (). Moreover, sensitivity analysis was implemented with proposed ML approaches which indicated that the ratio of the hydraulic radius to the median grain diameter has a considerable role in modeling the Manning's coefficient in channels with ripple bedforms.
Environmental surveillance of Legionella pneumophila in hot water systems of hotels in Morocco
Authors: Assaidi Abdelwahid , Soummane Afaf , Ellouali Mostafa , Latrache Hassan , Timinouni Mohammed , Zahir Hafida , Mliji El Mostafa
Published: August 2021

Objective: Environmental monitoring of Legionella in hot water systems of hotels in Morocco was performed during the period from January 2016 to April 2018. A total of 149 water samples from 118 different hotels were analyzed. Methods: A total of 149 water samples from 118 different hotels were analyzed. Possible risk factors were prospectively recorded, and data were analyzed in connection with building and plumbing systems characteristics. Data about building and risk factors were collected through a questionnaire survey. Results: Out of the 149 samples, 77(51.7%) were positive for L. pneumophila. Serological typing of the isolates revealed that 54 (70.1%) are L. pneumophila serogroup 2–15 and 23 (29.9%) are L. pneumophila serogroup 1. 56.8% of all buildings were colonized by L. pneumophila. Counts were over 1,000 CFU/L in 44%. Contamination was strongly correlated with temperature in the circulation, the age of the premise plumbing and the size of the building. Conclusions: The results showed a relevant exposure to L. pneumophila in the community and the identified risk factors can serve as indicators for risk assessment and relevant actions.
Economic valuation meta-analysis of freshwater improvement in developed and developing countries. Are they different?
Authors: Roldán Diego , Sarmiento Juan P. , Roldán-Aráuz Francisco
Published: August 2021

The quality of drinking water differs across countries, so households show different levels of willingness to pay (WTP) to improve it, which is also influenced by their income levels. This study presents a meta-analysis using studies from 30 developed and developing countries, representing 4.7 billion inhabitants. At the international level, by standardizing these values (PPP) to international US dollars of 2011, developing countries show, on average, a greater WTP than developed countries relative to their income and an inverse correlation between their water footprint and their WTP.
The impact of exogenous estrogens on biochemical markers of endothelial dysfunction in diabetic rats with hypoestrogenia
Authors: Kiprich Tetiana , Gorbenko Nataliia , Borikov Oleksii , Ivanova Olha , Taran K. V.
Published: August 2021

It was investigated the impact of selective estrogen receptor modulator PE0607 comparing to 17β-estradiol on the biochemical markers of endothelial dysfunction in ovariectomized rats with type 2 diabetes. It was established that injection of PE0607 as well as 17β-estradiol decreases lipid peroxidation first products in serum and increases serum whole antioxidant activity and NO-synthase activity in vessels of experimental rats. These results justify the perspectives of compound PE0607 use as a potential gender-specific agent for prevention and treatment of diabetic cardiovascular disorders in women with hypoestrogenia.
SEX DIFFERENCES OF ENDOTHELIAL DYSFUNCTION MARKERS — NITRIC OXIDE SYNTHASE AND HEME OXYGENASE IN RATS WITH 2 TYPE DIABETES MELLITUS
Authors: Borikov Oleksii , Gorbenko Nataliia , Ivanova Olha , Taran K. V. , Litvinova T. S. , Kiprich Tetiana
Published: August 2021

The effect of type 2 diabetes on the markers of endothelial dysfunction — nitric oxide synthase and heme oxygenase has been studied in rats, depending on sex. It was established that the activity of nitric oxide synthase in the blood vessels of female rats is significantly higher in comparison with males under physiological conditions. Type 2 diabetes leads to the different depression of the nitric oxide synthase activity in the blood vessels of females and males, which eliminates sexual differences in the activity of this enzyme. It was found that in contrast to nitric oxide synthase, the activity of heme oxygenase in vascular homogenate does not depend on the sex of intact animals. Type 2 diabetes leads to more expressive increase in heme oxygenase activity in female blood vessels compared to male rats. We can suppose that a more pronounced elevation of the heme oxygenase activity in case of a decrease the nitric oxide synthase activity is a compensatory mechanism for reducing of endothelial dysfunction in women with type 2 diabetes.
Efficacy and Safety of Remote Cardiac Rehabilitation in the Recovery Phase of Cardiovascular Diseases: Protocol for a Multicenter, Nonrandomized, Single-Arm, Interventional Trial
Authors: Itoh Hidetaka , Amiya Eisuke , Narita Koichi , Shimbo Mai , Taya Masanobu , Komuro Issei , Hasegawa Takashi , Makita Shigeru , Kimura Yutaka
Published: August 2021

Background

Conventional group-based outpatient cardiac rehabilitation through monitoring and center-based approaches for patients in the recovery phase has shown strong evidence for the prevention of cardiovascular diseases. However, there are some cases in which maintaining attendance of center-based cardiac rehabilitation is difficult.

Objective

This study aims to ascertain the safety and efficacy of remote cardiac rehabilitation (RCR) in the recovery phase in patients with cardiovascular disease.

Methods

Patients satisfying the study criteria will be recruited from multiple institutions (approximately 30) across Japan. In total, 75 patients (approximately 2 or 3 patients from each institution) are proposed to be recruited. Patients enrolled in the RCR group will be lent devices necessary for RCR (including calibrated ergometers and tablets). Patients will perform anaerobic exercise at home using ergometer for 30-40 minutes at least 3 times weekly. During exercise, an instructor will monitor the patient in real time (using interactive video tools and monitoring tools for various vital data). Moreover, educational instructions will be given 3 times weekly using e-learning methods.

Results

The primary endpoint is the peak oxygen uptake 2-3 months from the start of exercise or 6-min walk test. The extracted data will be compared between RCR patients and controls without RCR.

Conclusions

The establishment of the system of RCR proposed in this study will lead to the development of more extensive applications, which have been insufficient through conventional interventions.

Trial Registration

University Hospital Medical Information Network—Clinical Trials Registry UMIN–CTR UMIN000042942; https://upload.umin.ac.jp/cgi-open-bin/ctr_e/ctr_view.cgi?recptno=R000048983

International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID)

DERR1-10.2196/30725
Framing of and Attention to COVID-19 on Twitter: Thematic Analysis of Hashtags
Authors: Tahamtan Iman , Potnis Devendra , Mohammadi Ehsan , Miller Laura E , Singh Vandana
Published: August 2021

Background

Although past research has focused on COVID-19–related frames in the news media, such research may not accurately capture and represent the perspectives of people from diverse backgrounds. Additionally, research on the public attention to COVID-19 as reflected through frames on social media is scarce.

Objective

This study identified the frames about the COVID-19 pandemic in the public discourse on Twitter, which voices diverse opinions. This study also investigated the amount of public attention to those frames on Twitter.

Methods

We collected 22 trending hashtags related to COVID-19 in the United States and 694,582 tweets written in English containing these hashtags in March 2020 and analyzed them via thematic analysis. Public attention to these frames was measured by evaluating the amount of public engagement with frames and public adoption of those frames.

Results

We identified 9 frames including “public health guidelines,” “quarantine life,” “solidarity,” “evidence and facts,” “call for action,” “politics,” “post-pandemic life,” “shortage panic,” and “conflict.” Results showed that some frames such as “call for action” are more appealing than others during a global pandemic, receiving greater public adoption and engagement. The “call for action” frame had the highest engagement score, followed by “conflict” and “evidence and facts.” Additionally, “post-pandemic life” had the highest adoption score, followed by “call for action” and “shortage panic.” The findings indicated that the frequency of a frame on social media does not necessarily mean greater public adoption of or engagement with the frame.

Conclusions

This study contributes to framing theory and research by demonstrating how trending hashtags can be used as new user-generated data to identify frames on social media. This study concludes that the identified frames such as “quarantine life” and “conflict” and themes such as “isolation” and “toilet paper panic” represent the consequences of the COVID-19 pandemic. The consequences could be (1) exclusively related to COVID-19, such as hand hygiene or isolation; (2) related to any health crisis such as social support of vulnerable groups; and (3) generic that are irrespective of COVID-19, such as homeschooling or remote working.
Correction: Census Tract Patterns and Contextual Social Determinants of Health Associated With COVID-19 in a Hispanic Population From South Texas: A Spatiotemporal Perspective (Preprint)
Authors: Bauer Cici , Zhang Kehe , Lee Miryoung , Fisher-Hoch Susan , Guajardo Esmeralda , McCormick Joseph , de la Cerda Isela , Fernandez Maria E , Reininger Belinda
Published: August 2021

UNSTRUCTURED

REMOVE
The Effects of Manganese Dopant Content and Calcination Temperature on Properties of Titania-Zirconia Composite
Authors: Muslim Muhamad Imam , Kurniawan Rian , Pradipta Mokhammad Fajar , Trisunaryanti Wega , Syoufian Akhmad
Published: August 2021

The effects of dopant content and calcination temperature on Mn-doped TiO2-ZrO2 structure and properties were successfully investigated. Composite of Mn-doped titania-zirconia was synthesized by sol-gel method. Titanium(IV) isopropoxide was used as the precursor of TiO2, while zirconiapowder was used as another semiconductor. MnCl2∙4H2O was used as the source of dopant in this study. Various amounts of manganese were incorporated into TiO2-ZrO2 and calcination was performed at temperatures of 500, 700 and 900 °C. Synthesized composites were characterized by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), specular reflectance UV-Vis spectroscopy (SR UV-Vis), X-ray diffraction method (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy equipped with X-ray energy dispersive spectroscopy (SEM-EDX). The results showed that Mn-doped TiO2-ZrO2 with the lowest bandgap (2.78 eV) was achieved with 5% of Mn dopant and calcined at 900 °C, while Mn-doped TiO2-ZrO2 with the highest bandgap (3.12 eV) was achieved with 1% of Mn dopant content calcined at 500 °C.
Various Adsorbents for Removal of Rhodamine B Dye: A Review
Authors: Saigl Zainab Mohammad
Published: August 2021

Lately, there has been an increase in dye manufacturing, resulting in increased environmental pollution. Recent studies show a wide availability of usage adsorbents, including banana peels, potatoes, algae, etc. Food and Drug Administration prohibited the use of Rhodamine B (RhB) for its toxicity and harmful effects. Therefore, this study presents a wide range of non-conventional low-cost alternative adsorbents to remove RhB dye from wastewater. It has been observed that the mechanism of the dye adsorption is focused on kinetics, isotherm, and thermodynamics models, which depend on the chemical nature of the materials and various physicochemical experimental conditions such as solution pH, initial dye concentration, adsorbent dosage, and temperature of the system. The kinetic data of adsorption of RhB dye usually follow the pseudo-first-order and pseudo-second-order kinetic models. Several studies revealed that Langmuir and Freundlich adsorption isotherm models are frequently used to evaluate the adsorption capacity of the adsorbents. Furthermore, thermodynamic examination showed that RhB adsorption was endothermic and unconstrained in nature. Thus, both photocatalytic degradation and adsorption methods offer good potential to remove RhB dye from industrial effluents. The work is in progress to evaluate the possibility of using other modified waste biomass for industrial pollution control.
Green Synthesis of Silver Nanoparticles using Lantana camara Fresh Leaf Extract for Qualitative Detection of Hg2+, Cu2+, Pb2+, and Mn2+ in Aqueous Solution
Authors: Aritonang Henry Fonda , Kojong Talita , Koleangan Harry , Wuntu Audy Denny
Published: August 2021

This research was focused on the discovery of new environmentally friendly sensors based on nanoscale materials whose main purpose was to detect the presence of heavy metals in aqueous solutions. The environmentally friendly extracellular biosynthetic technique was applied to produce silver nanoparticles (AgNps). The reducing agents used were distilled water and ethanol extract obtained from fresh leaves of Lantana camara. The silver-containing extracts (Ag-extract) were then used to detect the presence of Hg2+, Cu2+, Pb2+, and Mn2+ in aqueous solutions by the colorimetric method using UV-visible spectroscopy. The colloidal synthesis of AgNPs was then monitored by the same method. The spectrum obtained showed peaks between 430 and 450 nm according to the Plasmon absorbance of AgNP. AgNPs' size and shape were characterized using the Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) technique, which showed the average size varies from 1.6 to 25 nm. The colorimetric data showed that Ag-extract, both of distilled water or ethanol solvents, was the best for detecting the presence of Hg2+ followed by Mn2+. On the other hand, Ag-extract in distilled water cannot detect Cu2+, Pb2+, and Mn2+ ions, while almost all Ag-extracts in ethanol solvents could identify the presence of these metals.
The Risk of Acute Kidney Injury with Oral Anticoagulants in Elderly Adults with Atrial Fibrillation
Authors: Harel Ziv , McArthur Eric , Jeyakumar Nivethika , Sood Manish M. , Garg Amit X. , Silver Samuel A. , Dorian Paul , Blum Daniel , Beaubien-Souligny William , Yan Andrew T. , Badve Sunil V. , Smyth Brendan , Jun Min , Jandoc Racquel , Kitchlu Abhijat , Wald Ron
Published: August 2021

Background and objectives

Anticoagulation with either a vitamin K antagonist or a direct oral anticoagulant may be associated with AKI. Our objective was to assess the risk of AKI among elderly individuals with atrial fibrillation newly prescribed a direct oral anticoagulant (dabigatran, rivaroxaban, or apixaban) versus warfarin.

Design, setting, participants, & measurements

Our population-based cohort study included 20,683 outpatients in Ontario, Canada, ≥66 years with atrial fibrillation who were prescribed warfarin, dabigatran, rivaroxaban, or apixaban between 2009 and 2017. Inverse probability of treatment weighting on the basis of derived propensity scores for the treatment with each direct oral anticoagulant was used to balance baseline characteristics among patients receiving each of the three direct oral anticoagulants compared with warfarin. Cox proportional hazards regression was performed in the weighted population to compare the association between the prescribed anticoagulant and the outcomes of interest. The exposure was an outpatient prescription of warfarin or one of the direct oral anticoagulants. The primary outcome was a hospital encounter with AKI, defined using Kidney Disease Improving Global Outcomes thresholds. Prespecified subgroup analyses were conducted by eGFR category and by the percentage of international normalized ratio measurements in range, a validated marker of anticoagulation control.

Results

Each direct oral anticoagulant was associated with a significantly lower risk of AKI compared with warfarin (weighted hazard ratio, 0.65; 95% confidence interval, 0.53 to 0.80 for dabigatran; weighted hazard ratio, 0.85; 95% confidence interval, 0.73 to 0.98 for rivaroxaban; and weighted hazard ratio, 0.81; 95% confidence interval, 0.72 to 0.93 for apixaban). In the subgroup analysis, the lower risk of AKI associated with each direct oral anticoagulant was consistent across each eGFR strata. The risk of AKI was significantly lower among users of each of the direct oral anticoagulants compared with warfarin users who had a percentage of international normalized ratio measurements ≤56%.

Conclusions

Direct oral anticoagulants were associated with a lower risk of AKI compared with warfarin.
De virus a pandemia: la lógica del valor como fundamento de la crisis sanitaria por coronavirus
Authors: Serrano Sánchez Alejandro
Published: August 2021

Tras la declaratoria de pandemia por coronavirus a principios del 2020, a escala mundial se ha desarrollado una vasta literatura que reflexiona sobre las causas que derivaron en la conformación de la crisis sanitaria y del papel que desempeñan las acciones humanas en la misma. En este sentido, el artículo discute sobre la compleja relación sociedad-naturaleza y, en particular, sobre la subsunción que el capitalismo ejerce sobre las prácticas humanas que, guiadas por la lógica del valor, producen un metabolismo social que manifiesta la forma en la que las sociedades modernas participan en la producción de un medio ambiente natural, cuya trama material y cultural, no posibilita el mantenimiento de la salud humana en su convivencia con los organismos que en él habitan. De esta manera, se sostiene que la actual pandemia es resultado del metabolismo social, como Marx lo llamara, que el capitalismo produce en fu afán de acumulación de valor. La dislocación que la lógica del valor introduce en la estructura de reproducción social ha conducido a la emergencia de prácticas sociales que, a través del desarrollo médico y farmacéutico, la actividad agroindustrial y agroalimentaria, asimismo el abandono de los sistemas de salud pública, entre otras, han producido un orden espacial en el que la aparición del nuevo coronavirus encontró las condiciones materiales que potenciaron su dinámica y que finalmente derivaron en la conformación de una fractura metabólica que hoy se manifiesta en forma de pandemia.
El colofón en el libro y la imprenta en México siglos XVI al XXI
Authors:   Instituto de Investigaciones Bibliotecológicas y de la Información, Fernández Ezquivel Rosa María
Published: August 2021

Durante la época de los incunables, el colofón cumplía a veces las funciones de la portada pues proporcionaba los datos que hoy figuran en ella. Martínez de Souza menciona que como todos esos datos aparecieron en la portada, el colofón fue adquiriendo sólo una función de adorno. Así, el colofón floreció hasta que la portada lo reemplazó en el siglo XVI y hasta que la prensa privada inició un movimiento en el siglo XIX en el que ganó importancia nuevamente en el libro impreso. El objetivo general de ese libro es dar a conocer la presencia del colofón en México desde el siglo XVI hasta el siglo XXI, los aspectos legales y en especial el colofón como expresión artística, ya que varios impresores desde el siglo XVI se esmeraron para que el colofón tuviera un valor artístico al darle diferentes formas
Turismo de naturaleza en comunidades indígenas en México
Authors:   Instituto de Investigaciones Económicas, López Pardo Gustavo
Published: August 2021

Como ocurrió en otros lugares del mundo, en nuestro país el turismo se ha convertido en un mercado emergente para las poblaciones rurales y es una oportunidad para paliar, en parte, la crisis del sector agrario, al generar empleos y conformar un mercado adicional para los productos agrícolas; sin embargo, para las comunidades y los pueblos indígenas, constituye una oportunidad inesperada para mejorar sus condiciones de vida y aspirar al desarrollo. Por ejemplo, el ecoturismo, como modalidad del turismo de naturaleza, no solo revaloriza sus territorios (depositarios de una enorme diversidad biológica y paisajística), sino les permite una reapropiación y reúso de los recursos naturales básicos para su existencia de los que fueron privados al decretarse muchos de sus territorios como “áreas naturales protegidas” y modificar su tradicional vinculación desventajosa con el mercado nacional.
Assessment of Factor Affecting the Customization Process In Real Estate Sector
Authors: Ahmad Md Meezan
Published: August 2021

In construction industry, real estate sector in northern India (specially Lucknow Uttar Pradesh) has been on peak point recently and maximizing the productivity of project delivery and provide a Customization has been a attraction point around the circle of real estate sector. Customization is defined as a customer integrated process for providing a product design, manufacturing, marketing and delivery service, and this one has become a main competitive factor. In real estate industry construction and customization of housing being a remarkable example of providing a amenity has various key concern which a interpoint factors on together. Any gap break between the time of construction of housing destroys and customer satisfaction get affected. The strange and genuine problem of connection communication gap has been observed between the customer and developer, which causes many obstacles or hurdle at the time of delivery of project. The paper presents customization of housing in the field of real estate sector at the time of delivery on the basis of customer needs after the positive agreement of developer and find a way to obstacles or hurdles of communication gap between the customer and developer.
Plant Disease Detection Using Leaf Images
Authors: . Shishira
Published: August 2021

Identification of the plant diseases is that the key to prevent the losses within the yield and quantity of the agricultural product. The studies of the plant diseases mean the studies of visually observable patterns seen on the plant. Health monitoring and disease detection on plant is incredibly critical for sustainable agriculture. It’s very difficult to watch the plant diseases manually. It requires tremendous amount of labor, expertise within the plant diseases, and also require the excessive quantity. Hence, image processing is used for the detection of plant diseases by capturing the pictures of the leaves and comparing it with the data sets. The data sets comprise of different plant within the image format. Except detection users are directed to an e-commerce website where different pesticides with its rate and usage directions are displayed. This website is efficiently used for comparing the MRP’s of varied pesticides and buy the desired one for the detected disease. This paper aims to support and help the green house farmers in an efficient way.
Drone with LiDAR System
Authors: Govekar Subhashish
Published: August 2021

Although the use of both drones and LiDAR (light detection and ranging) has become common in geology in recent years, LiDAR scanning from drones is still in its infancy. The technological development related to drones as well as laser scanner instruments has gradually reached the point where these can be integrated. A modest improvement of detection success was found, but was not as convincing as one would perhaps expect given the relatively large increase in terms of ground points. This has led us to the conclusion that very dense vegetation obstructs laser beams from reaching all the way to the bare earth. As regards accuracy in documenting geological features, the study showed more significant improvements. The last part of the paper is dedicated to a discussion of the pros and cons of using LiDAR from drones compared to conventional airborne laser scanning from aero planes or helicopters. The main advantages concern flexibility, low flight altitude and small laser footprint as well as the advantages of a far‐reaching field of view. The disadvantages are related to price, battery capacity, size of area and especially the requirement of line of sight between the drone operator and the drone, a fact that restricts the efficiency in terms of mapping large areas. Nevertheless, the final conclusion is that LiDAR from drones has the potential to make a substantial improvement to geological remote sensing.
Virtual Environment for Labs & Projects
Authors: . Sushmitha
Published: August 2021

The purpose of the Virtual Lab project is to provide students with online access to a variety of engineering control experiments, located in the laboratory control of several laboratories. Three German universities are currently developing the Virtual Lab as a network of remote access laboratories to establish a pilot testing facility. Assumed students are usually located in an area that is geographically distributed (e.g. at home) and are able to access far from our tests. Virtual Lab is based on the concept of grade learning because some students (e.g. professionals) may be interested in studying even in the most remote areas of the campus which eliminates the need for personal presence. In Virtual Lab they are able to acquire some practice of controlling theory in their own time saving time and travel costs. A Java-based client / server-based approach is proposed. This paper discusses the requirements for remote testing and presents the technical structure and initial results of the project.
Digital Fuel Measuring Techniques: A Review
Authors: Patel Heet
Published: August 2021

Abstract: There have been significant advancements in gasoline metering technology during the last few years. In any event, a key difficulty that all drivers encounter is the inability to obtain volumetric data for the remaining gasoline level, primarily while refuelling the car or driving at reserved fuel levels. As a result, customers find up paying for fuel they don't have. This paper gives an overview of several approaches involving numerous sensors that have been designed to generate a consistent indication of the amount of fuel available. In this study, capacitive, potentiometric, fibre optic, electromagnetic, ultrasonic, and load cell sensors are explored. The aim of this study is to present a report on fuel monitoring strategies that rely on these six sensors. This investigation will aid other researchers working in this field in selecting a sensor for their project. Keywords: fuel measuring, capacitive, electromagnetic, potentiometric, fibre optic, ultrasonic, and load cell.
Design Optimization of Radiator Fan Blade Using Fiber-Reinforced Plastic Material
Authors: Patil Rajhans
Published: August 2021

Abstract: The Aim of this paper is to study failures in radiator fan blades due to Resonance and optimization in design, which will withstand the failure conditions. The Modal Analysis is carried out in ANSYS and it is validated through Experimental Techniques. The correlation between modal analysis and experimental analysis is determined. Suitable material which withstands the resonance is determined and validated in ANSYS and FFT Analyzer. In absence of design data, the reverse engineering process is considered as a major tool for modeling. Using the data the solid model of the radiator blade is created in CAD. We have used modal analysis to calculate the natural frequencies and mode shapes of a Radiator fan. The natural frequencies and mode shapes are critical components in the design of any structure. Experimental Analysis is accomplished using FFT Analyzer with DEWESOFT software. The final results of CAE model and Experimental tested model are correlated. Keywords: Natural Frequency, Mode Shapes, FFT, FEA.
Preliminary Design of Wellhead Spacer Spool Based On the API Acceptance Criteria
Authors: Baharudin Budi , Hakim Rahman , Hidayat Rahmat , Fikri Mohammad Anas , Wilujeng Auliana Diah
Published: August 2021

In the case of assembly wellhead, a spacer spools was used to provide space and connect between parts of the wellhead. In order to design spacer spool with specified material should comply the standards and procedures of the oil and gas industry. The results of the material calculation were using the ASME BPVC guidelines. These three materials strengths were calculated if used as a body spacer spool. Based on acceptance criteria on API 6A 21st Edition, these three materials were categorized as acceptable to be used as a body spacer spool for this specification. These three materials strengths were also calculated the stress of the flange and flange rigidity criteria. Based on the acceptance criteria on ASME BPVC guidelines, the results showed that these materials can be used for flange because it had stress value under yield strength of material which was flange rigidity criteria for operating condition has 0.59 and 0.66 for testing condition because had value of rigidity that met with minimum acceptance criteria.
Measuring Feed Force in Machining Using a Strain Gage
Authors: Siregar Salman Al Farisi , Triono Agus , Darsin Mahros , Mulyadi Santoso
Published: August 2021

Measuring the forces that work during machining has been being concerned by researchers for years. There are three main forces that work in turning: thrust  force, axial force, and radial force. Thus, feeding force measurement is needed in machine manufacturing. This research attempts to develop measurement method through feeding force, using strain gauge sensor. The aim of measurement of feeding force in this research is to find out the influence parameter of machine towards feeding force. The research used experimental method with design experiment Taguchi to know the influence of machine parameters to feeding force in turning process. The measurement tool is strain gauge sensor connected to cutting tool. The workspace is alluminium 6061 with 15 mm in diameter and 150 mm in length. The  parameters for this research are speed rate (140 rpm, 215 rpm, and 330 rpm), feed rate (0,043 mm/r , 0,065 mm/r , and 0,081 mm/r), and depth of cut (0,2 mm, 0,4 mm, and 0,6 mm). The result showed that speed rate is the most significant parameter, with the contribution percentage is 92 %. Speed rate and feed rate parameter have insignificant influence. The contribution percentage of speed rate is 2% while the feed rate has % contribution percentage. The conclusion of the research is that the bigger number of speed rate, the bigger feeding force it will have.
Literature Studies on Maintenance Management
Authors: Soesatijono Soesatijono , Darsin Mahros
Published: August 2021

The purpose of this paper is to review from early days until recent time the development of maintenance management methods from maintenance textbooks to give a glance view for researcher and practitioner where maintenance start until recent development and practical application of maintenance management. The methodology approach is by reviewing an early age maintenance management, maintenance management on eighties, maintenance management on nineties and recent maintenance management. Comparing and categorizing maintenance management methods along with time will increase knowledge how to choose the right maintenance for practical application. From this review it found that the paper also revealed from time to time, maintenance management adapt and improve to gain more sustainable maintenance, including the new shift of paradigm of maintenance itself. The originality and contribution of this research is that the paper contains many maintenance management methods from maintenance textbooks, maintenance management methods elaborated in an easy way. Therefore, the importance of maintenance management could be properly understood. For further study, the paper suggest that research needed to study or apply on methods found in this paper on practical application whether will give a proper result or just nice on theoretical only.
Utilization of Air Conditioning Heat Waste as Cloth Drying Energy Source
Authors: Widodo Sarono , Rubianto Gatut
Published: August 2021

Air Conditioning (AC) as an air conditioner has been used on one side only as a room cooling. The cooling process with Air Conditioning produces heat as a result of the work of the condenser component in the AC. This heat can be used as an alternative energy source. This study aims to utilize hot air discharging Air Conditioning as an energy source for drying clothes. This development is based on the Thosiba AC specification. The specification data is used to get the coefficient of performance (COP) and heating effect. Development is also carried out for studies in the form of experiments. The results of the study indicate that the application of AC exhaust heat has the potential to be developed as an alternative energy in the process of drying clothes.
Honeycomb-Shaped Brass Plate Catalyst to Reduce Motor Vehicle Emissions
Authors: Mokhtar Ali , Saifullah Ali , Rahmandhika Andinusa
Published: August 2021

The increasing number of motorized vehicles has a direct impact on exhaust gas air pollution. The air pollution in urban areas is dominated by motorized vehicle emissions, along with pollution problems. This study aims to reduce motor vehicle emissions by using a catalytic converter design made from a brass plate catalyst in the shape of a honeycomb. Honeycomb-shaped brass is suitable for catalysts in the catalytic converter. Besides being easy to obtain and cheap in price, the catalyst can reduce and oxidize exhaust gases well, making it suitable as a catalyst material. The method used in this research is the experimental method. It is started from the design of the catalytic converter house and determining the type of catalyst to the process of making the catalytic converter with a honeycomb-shaped brass plate. Then, testing to determine the emission of exhaust gases produced is required. The last step is to compare it without using a catalytic converter or standard conditions. From the results of the emission test, it was found that the use of a catalytic converter made from a brass plate catalyst in the shape of a honeycomb can reduce HC and CO emissions, while CO2 emissions have increased. A decrease in HC gas emissions by 19.1% for a single catalytic converter and 33.7% for a dual catalytic converter is better compared to without using a catalytic converter or standard conditions. Reduced CO gas emissions by 23.8% for a single catalytic converter and 43.1% for a dual catalytic converter are compared to without using a catalytic converter. Meanwhile, CO2 gas emissions increased by 60.7% for a single catalytic converter, and 81.6% for multiple catalytic converters are compared without using a catalytic converter. This is a result of the addition of oxygen to the oxidation process that running smoothly.
Feasibility Study on a Micro Hydro Power Plant at Coban Jahe Waterfall, Jabung, Malang Regency
Authors: Sudarman Sudarman , Guszolil Wahyu , Daryono Daryono , Lukman Muhammad
Published: August 2021

Micro Hydro Power (MHP) Plant is a small-scale power plant under 100 kW. Generally, MHP is built in a place that the electricity network has not touched. Many waterfalls in Taji Village are only used as tourist attractions. One of them is Coban Jahe waterfall which has a water discharge of 0.60567 m3/s in the dry season. Waterfall in Coban Jahe was used and planned as Micro Hydro Power Plant, it was called as MHP. Potential electric power generated from the MHP Coban Jahe Waterfall is 14.0368 kW with an effective head of 3.4742 m. The results show from the financial analysis, the construction of MHP is quite feasible with NPV of Rp. 45,676,769, BCR of 1.0852, which means it is feasible to be continued, the Payback Period is 9 years which does not exceed the project life, and the IRR obtained is 10,0087% which the projects are feasible and profitable to build.
Cardioprotectant Effect Of Bay Leaf Extract (Syzygiumpolyanthum) On Myocardium Thickness Of Rat Heart
Authors: Lestari Dian Yuliartha , Trimaulidia Rizky
Published: August 2021

High salt diet and prednisone administration will increase blood pressure which chronically causes heart muscle remodeling so that it appears macroscopically as left ventricular hypertrophy. Bay leaf extract contains flavonoids which can lower blood pressure and decrease left ventricular thickening. To determine the effect of bay leaf extract (Syzygiumpolyanthum) on the left ventricle thickening of rat heart (Rattus norvegicus wistar strain) in hypertensive model.  True experimental post-test only controls group design with simple random sampling technique. The subjects of this study were 25 male Wistar rats aged 2-3 months weighing 150-200 grams. Rats were induced with prednisone 1.5 mg/ KgBW / day in 2% NaCl for 6 weeks followed by administration of bay leaf extract at a dose of 70 mg/ KgBW, a dose of 140 mg/ KgBW, and a dose of 280 mg/ KgBW. Data analyzed by One Way ANOVA, Post Hoc Bonferroni, followed by Linear: One Way ANOVA test showed significant differences between treatments (p = 0.000). The Bonferroni Post Hoc test concluded that there were significant differences in the treatment of the P2 and P3 groups. Linear regression test obtained R square 0.663 and obtained the equation Y = 1965.838 - 1.275X. The extract of bay leaf (Syzygiumpolyanthum) has an effect on decreasing the left ventricle thickening of the white male rat heart (Rattus norvegicus wistar strain) hypertension model.