bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Hematological changes in pregnancy induced hypertension in their third trimester at Jhalawar Medical College, Jhalawar, India
Authors: Jhajharia Neelam , Verma Madhureema
Published: August 2019

Background: Pregnancy induced hypertension (PIH) is one of the most common and potential life-threatening complications of pregnancy. This study is aimed to investigate and correlate the hemoglobin, haematocrit, white blood cell count, lymphocytes and platelets in PIH patients in their third trimester.Method: Total 126 subjects were studied out of them 63 patients (case) and 63 healthy pregnant women (control) visiting the Obstetrics and Gynaecology department Jhalawar Medical College, Jhalawar were registered in the study and followed during their pregnancy. Two millilitre of blood sample was drawn aseptically using the 5ml syringe from the median ante cubital vein of all the cases and control participants into EDTA-anticoagulated tubes. Haematological parameter calculated by using Sysmex XN-9100™ Automated Haematology System.Results: The mean hemoglobin level of the case group (8.8206±2.53779) was significantly lower than that of the control group (9.7289±2.47033) (p<0.05). The mean platelet count of the case group (131.4937±62.05999) was significantly lower than that of the control group (324.9683±230.78764) (p<0.05). The mean lymphocytes level of case group (1.2510±0.56369) was significantly lower than that of the control group (1.9295±1.4150) (p<0.05). The mean WBC level of case group (36.3467±119.90635) was significantly high than control group (11.5260±4.83059) (p<0.05). The mean haematocrit level of case group (32.6851±7.29789) was significantly high than control group (30.0424±23.38116) (p<0.05).Conclusion: The mean hemoglobin, mean platelets and mean lymphocytes are lower in PIH patients. The mean WBC and haematocrit are higher in PIH patient.
Association of new-born birth weight with maternal parameters
Authors: Kashyap Anshika , Kaur Pushpinder , Srivastava Puneet , Singh Veena
Published: August 2019

Background: Birth weight is the single largest determinant of the neonatal survival and wellbeing. Maternal anaemia is the commonest medical disorder in pregnancy and is associated with significant maternal morbidity and mortality. The effect of haemoglobin levels of the mother on the foetus however remains unclear. This study aims at evaluating the effect of maternal anaemia on neonatal birth weight. It also evaluates the effect of parity, gestational age and maternal age on the new-born birth weight.Methods: A retrospective study was carried out on patients who had delivered in Al Falah hospital, a newly setup medical college in rural Haryana. The population was studied for maternal age, gestational period, and parity and haemoglobin levels. These parameters were correlated with neonatal birth weight. The study was carried out on deliveries which occurred over a period of six months from November 2018 to April 2019.Results: The low birth weight new-borns were 10.5%. Maternal anaemia was present in 79.74 % of women in the study group. Amongst all parameters studied, only higher parity and greater period of gestation had a positive correlation with neonatal birth weight. Haemoglobin levels or maternal age didn’t show a significant impact on the neonatal birth weight. Anaemic mothers didn’t have a higher incidence of low birth weight babies.Conclusion: The most significant contributor to improved neonatal weight is the gestational age of the foetus. All efforts to ensure better neonatal outcome must primarily concentrate on prevention of preterm births. Maternal haemoglobin levels do not directly impact the neonatal birth weight. However, as anaemia is a risk factor for preterm delivery, anaemia indirectly impacts on the neonatal birth weight and outcome.
A retrospective study to assess prevalence of gestational diabetes mellitus among those who delivered in Saveetha Medical College and Hospital
Authors: Gopalan Sharmila Kumar , Kalimuthu Kohila
Published: August 2019

Background: Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) defined as any degree of carbohydrate intolerance with onset or first recognition during pregnancy contributes to about 90% of diabetes complicating pregnancy. GDM imposes risks for both mother and fetus, some of which continues throughout the life of mother and child. The objective of the present study was to determine the prevalence of gestational diabetes mellitus and the associated risk factors among those who delivered in Saveetha medical college and hospital.Methods: A retrospective study was conducted by analysing the medical records of the patients who were admitted in the Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology over a period of 1 year at Saveetha medical college and hospital, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India. The diagnosis of GDM was made mainly by 75gm one step oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT). The guideline endorses 2-hours 75-gm OGTT, irrespective of last meal timings with a cut off value of ≥140 mg/dl. All data was analysed by simple descriptive statistics and percentage method.Results: In the present study, the total number of deliveries for 1 year from April 2018 - March 2019 were 511 and among those the total number of antenatal mothers with GDM who delivered were 46. Therefore the prevalence of GDM was calculated to be 9% or 90 per thousand deliveries. In the present study, 37 (65.1%) pregnant women of GDM group were seen in the age group of above 25 years, 27 (58.59%) were multiparous, 25(54.25%) pregnant females with GDM were found to have overweight and obese out of 46 cases.Conclusions: Our current study concludes the Prevalence of GDM in Saveetha Medical College Hospital is 9% between April 2018-March 2019. We have identified the following risk factors for developing GDM: multiparity≥2; previous history of diabetes mellitus; age ≥ 25; BMI ≥25; and family history of diabetes.
Shock index as a predictor of vasopressor use in patients with sepsis
Authors: N. Prashanth V. , . Sneha
Published: August 2019

Background: Sepsis is life-threatening organ dysfunction caused by a dysregulated host response to infection. Sepsis and septic shock are major healthcare problems affecting millions of people around the world each year and killing as many as one in four. The documented incidence of sepsis worldwide is 1.8 million each year with mortality rate of almost 30%. Sepsis is the 10th leading cause of death in the United States. Shock index (SI) is defined as “Heart rate divided by Systolic blood pressure (HR/SBP)”. Normal range is 0.5 to 0.7 in healthy adults.Methods: A Prospective study was conducted between August 2018 to March 2019 comprising of 100 consecutive patients presenting to emergency department and ICU with sepsis. Subjects were identified by having evidence of infection presenting with cardiovascular collapse or organ failure with help of q-SOFA(quick- sepsis related  organ failure assessment )  and SOFA scores (sequential organ failure assessment score).Cases with clear alternative diagnosis were excluded. Vital signs were recorded, and Shock index was calculated. Primary outcome, which was use of Vasopressor therapy was analysed. Results : A Total of 100 cases were studied, of which 70 patients were males and 30 females with mean age of 48.5 ±16.2 yrs. Most of the cases were between 35 to 60 years. Patients were classified into 3 categories based on shock index:1. <0.8 (normal, n=16) 2. 0.8 to <1.2 (n=29)  3. >1.2 (n=55).  The use of vasopressor therapy within first 24 hours for each group was 18%, 34%, and 78%. This difference was statistically significant (p=<0.05).Conclusion : In patients with sepsis an elevated shock index was indicator of early vasopressor therapy in the first 24hours. It is a simple bedside tool to identify septic patients in need for early vasopressor therapy thereby preventing further clinical deterioration.
An assessment of utilization of postnatal care services in urban area Jabalpur district
Authors: Pandey Dhruvendra , Meshram Priyanka , Sharma Arvind , Tiwari Rajesh , Kasar P. K.
Published: August 2019

Background: Postnatal period is a vulnerable time, because most maternal and new born deaths occur during this period, especially immediately after childbirth. Postnatal care in the first hours and days after childbirth could prevent the great majority of these deaths. The objective of study was to assess the utilization of post-natal care and associated factors for low utilization in urban area of Jabalpur district.Methods: A community based cross-sectional study was carried 360 mothers who delivered in last one year in urban area of Jabalpur district. Sampling method was multistage sampling method. A total 36 wards with 10 mothers from each ward was selected. The questionnaire included information related to mode of delivery, post-natal checkups and visits of health care providers.Results: Among 360 mothers, 93.9% mothers received first postnatal check-up within 24 hrs. 1.11% of mothers between 2-3 days and 1.67% of mothers received first postnatal check-up between 4-7 days while 3.33% of mothers didn’t receive any postnatal check-up. Regarding number of post-natal visits, 58.33% mothers received 3 or more postnatal visits, 35% of mother received 2 PNC visits, while 3.3% did not receive a single postnatal visit. The education of mothers, joint type of family, high socioeconomic status, early registration of pregnancy, minimum 4 ANC visits and institutional deliveries were found significantly associated with utilization of postnatal check-up.Conclusions: Utilization of postnatal services is still poor in the urban areas even though the physical accessibility was adequate. In the present study, it was concluded that the role of education, especially of female education, is important contributing factor associated with utilization of postnatal care.
Cost–benefit analysis of controlling rabies: prioritizing areas in rural setting of Maner: a cross sectional study
Authors: Prasad Nidhi , Kumar Binay , Chaudhary Sanjay Kumar , Kumar Sanjay
Published: August 2019

Background: Rabies being a preventable disease with no treatment available once onset starts but can be easily prevented by post-exposure among all animal bite victims. So it is essential to take the full course of vaccination for complete protection.Methods: The present study was a hospital based cross sectional study and was carried out in rural health training centre in Maner, Patna.Results: Our study included 340 patients who attended anti rabies clinic for post exposure prophylaxis. Among them 65% were children (<15 years) comprising mostly males (69%) and mostly of category III exposure. Direct cost of post exposure vaccination when compared with the cost of pre exposure prophylaxis is one-third (approx).Conclusions: Compliance to anti-rabies vaccination for post-exposure prophylaxis is still low and they are still at risk of developing rabies. Reasons being irregular supply of vaccine and immunoglobulin in government hospitals, loss of wages, forgotten dates, cost incurred to buy from outside and distance from the hospital if referred to other centre. Seeing the current scenario, planning and prioritizing areas to achieve our goal and lessen economic burden is need of the hour. We infer that pre exposure prophylaxis may be a cost effective strategy which can aid in the control and elimination of rabies in endemic settings.
Reconhecimento de Congestionamento de Veículos em Semáforos Empregando Análise de Componentes Principais
Authors: Santos Jairo Norberto , Gusmão Mírian Sandra , Coelho Clarimar José
Published: August 2019

O objetivo do trabalho é reconhecer congestionamento de veículos em semáforos. A análise de componentes principais (Principal Component Analysis, PCA) é usada para análise de imagens digitais multiespectrais obtidas por câmera fotográfica. Inicialmente é feito um pré-processamento das imagens com objetivo convertê-las em imagens monocromáticas e padronizadas. Depois é aplicado a PCA para classificar o congestionamento nas imagens a partir da comparação com imagens de referência. Os resultados mostram 70,7% de acerto nas detecções. Conclui-se que a técnica de PCA tem uso promissor na detecção de congestionamento. A construção de um banco de imagens padronizadas pode reduzir a taxa de erros.
Depression, Anxiety, Stress among Postgraduate Medical Residents: A Cross sectional Observation in Bangladesh
Authors: Shibli Sadiq Mohammad , Mahjabin Morshed Nahid , Rahman Wasima , Chowdhury Nafia Farzana , Yasir Arafat S M , S.I. Mullick Mohammad
Published: August 2019

Objective: Medical training has been reported as being stressful, and postgraduate medical training environment has always been regarded as highly stressful, which may lead to different psychiatric disorders. In this study, it was aimed to determine the extent of depression, anxiety, and stress among the postgraduate medical residents of Bangladesh.
Method: This cross sectional study was conducted at the Department of Psychiatry of Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University, Dhaka, Bangladesh. Data were collected from 200 residents through face to face interview which was conducted by a psychiatrist using research instruments. Initially, respondents were approached by cluster sampling. Then, they were selected from each cluster using simple random sampling method (lottery method). Sample size was calculated by considering the prevalence of 50%; however, 200 residents were interviewed due to time constraints. The questionnaire consisted of 3 parts: (1) demographic variable, (2) the structured clinical interview for DSM-IV Axis-I disorders, and (3) Bangla Depression Anxiety Stress Scale (DASS-21). Data were analyzed using software Statistical Package for Social Sciences version 16.0.
Results: Distribution of depression, anxiety, and stress revealed that 11.5% of the residents had depressive disorders, 11% anxiety disorders, and 10.5% stress disorders. Also, it was found that 14.5% of the respondents were found to have at least one of three disorders. The DASS-21 score revealed that 6% of the residents had severe to extremely severe depression, 3.5% severe to extremely severe anxiety, and 6.5% severe to extremely severe stress disorder.
Conclusion: The study revealed that one in every seven residents has been suffering from at least one disorder from depression, anxiety, and stress related disorders. A large-scale multicenter study is recommended to validate the findings of the present study.
Breaking Bad News: A Valid Concern among Clinicians
Authors: Biazar Gelareh , Delpasand Kourosh , Farzi Farnoush , Sedighinejad Abbas , Mirmansouri Ali , Atrkarroushan Zahra
Published: August 2019

Objective: Delivering bad news is the duty of specialist physicians. However, they find it very difficult due to insufficient experience. In this study, the way faculty and residents of Guilan University of Medical Sciences (GUMS) delivered bad news to the patients was investigated.
Method: This study was conducted at hospitals affiliated to GUMS during 2017. A questionnaire containing 18 items on environmental and psychical support was filled through a face to face interview. The ﬁrst 10 questions evaluated psychical support and the next eight environmental supports. The scoring of each question ranged from 10 to 50, with 10 indicating “never” and 50 “always”.
Results: According to the analysis of 235 questionnaires, only 32 (13.6%) of the participants had been taught to deliver bad news and 195(83%) felt they need educational courses. Also, 40 (17%) believed that they had enough ability to deliver these massages. No significant differences were observed among physicians who had taken teaching courses in breaking bad news to patients.
Conclusion: This study revealed that educational courses to improve physicians’ communication skill to break bad news to patients are strongly warranted.
Bullying and Victimization among Students Bears Relationship with Gender and Emotional and Behavioral Problems
Authors: Mohseny Maryam , Zamani Zahra , Akhondzadeh Basti Shahin , Sohrabi Mohammad-Reza , Najafi Ali , Zebardast Jayran , Tajdini Farzad
Published: August 2019

Objective: Bullying and victimization are common and serious problems in schools resulting in development of emotional and behavioral disorders in adolescents. This study aimed at examining the prevalence of bullying behavior and some of its associated factors among students.
Method: This was a cross sectional analytic study involving junior high schoolers in grades seven, eight and nine. This study was part of an international study that used a questionnaire as a tool for data collection. The questionnaire investigated some of the characteristics and qualities possessed by most juveniles and some occasional problems which they may experience. Also, it was used to examine participants’ experiences with bullying and victimization. This questionnaire comprised of 15 sections on demographic characteristics, individual health, family status and types of bullying experiences at school and outside of school, along with the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ), which is an instrument for screening emotional and behavioral problems in children and adolescents. A multistage cluster sampling from five regions, consisting of the north, south, west, east, and central regions of Tehran, was conducted and 1456 questionnaires were completed by the students.
Results: According to the results of this study, prevalence rate for bullying and victimization was 17.4% and 25.8%, respectively. The results indicated that gender had a significant relationship with bullying and victimization, with boys being more likely to be bullies and also more prone to victimization than girls (p < 0.001). Other parameters such as emotional, behavioral, and environmental influence also had a significant relationship with bullying and victimization.
Conclusion: Bullying is more prevalent in boys than in girls, and boys are more likely to be victimized as well. Emotional and behavioral problems are identified as risk factors, and future interventions should focus on these risk factors to develop preventive measures.
Sensory and Affective Dimensions of Pain and Anxiety Like Behaviors Are Altered in an Animal Model of Pain Empathy
Authors: Nazeri Masoud , Chamani Goli , Abareghi Fatemeh , Mohammadi Fatemeh , Talebizadeh Mohammad-Hosseyn , Zarei Mohammad-Reza , Shabani Mohammad
Published: August 2019

Objective: Pain is a unique and subjective experience that has a prominent function in animals’ survival. Observation of pain in others leads to alterations in pain sensation and affection, termed “Empathy for pain”. The present study aimed to evaluate the effect of empathy on sensory and affective dimensions of pain and its effect on anxiety-like behaviors.
Method: In this study, male Wistar rats were used. Two cage mates were selected, one of which underwent administration of a noxious stimuli for 10 days and the other observed the conspecific in pain. Hot plate, tail flick, and conditioned place aversion were used to evaluate sensory and affective dimensions of pain, respectively. Anxiety-like behavior was assayed using elevated plus maze paradigm and time spent in open and close arms and number of entrance into each arm was recorded as the anxiety indicator within a 5-minute framework.
Results: Rats observing the cage mate in pain had a lower threshold to noxious stimuli in comparison to controls. They also had an increased aversion from painful stimuli, demonstrating heightened affective response to pain. Anxiety-like behavior was also enhanced in the observers.
Conclusion: Results of this study demonstrate that both sensory and affective dimensions of pain are altered following observation of pain in a conspecific. Further studies evaluating the underlying mechanisms are encouraged to elucidate the role of different neurotransmitters in this phenomenon.
Recognition of Famous and Unfamiliar Faces among Patients Suffering from Amnesia Mild Cognitive Impairment (AMCI) and Alzheimer’s Disease
Authors: Rahmani Fahimeh , Fathi Majdoddin , Kazemi Maryam
Published: August 2019

Objective: Memory assessment for the early diagnosis of cortical dementia is a complicated process which depends on important factors such as facial recognition and naming. These factors could be considered to carry a predictive power to detect neurodegenerative disorders. The present study aimed to study and compare naming or recognizing famous faces with the recognition of newly learned faces among patients with Amnesia Mild Cognitive Impairment (AMCI) and Alzheimer’s disease.
Method: To collect data, 60 AMCI patients, 62 patients suffering from Alzheimer’s disease, and 63 cognitively healthy individuals were assessed using Wechsler Memory Scale-III Faces test (WMS-III faces) and Famous Faces test.
Results: The results of one-way ANOVA indicated that the patients suffering from AMCI and Alzheimer’s disease scored significantly worse than the control group on naming (p < 0.001), recognition (p < 0.001) section of the Famous Faces test, and immediate or delayed recognition on the WMS-III Faces test (p < 0.001). Also, the obtained results showed that the patients groups received lower scores on WMS-III Faces compared to the Famous Faces test.
Conclusion: The results of this study suggested that the unfamiliar and Famous Faces tests allow the quantification of patients’ face recognition and name recall abilities which, in turn, makes it possible to make more accurate predictions about cases of dementia. These tests can be used for clinical and research purposes to screen those who may be prone to dementia and need further neuropsychological assessment.
Objective radiographic evaluation of cardiac size in clinically normal Zaraibi goats
Authors: Abdelgalil Ahmed I. , Hassan Elham A. , Torad Faisal A.
Published: August 2019

Radiographic evaluation plays a crucial role in the prediction and diagnosis of cardiac disease. Vertebral heart score (VHS) and cardiothoracic ratio (CTR) provide an objective measure to evaluate cardiac size. The aim of the present study was to establish the normal reference values of VHS and CTR in 25 clinically normal Zaraibi goats with homogenous age and body weight. Complete clinical, electrocardiographic, echocardiographic and radiographic examinations were included. The VHS and CTR were calculated from right lateral inspiratory radiographs. The VHS ranged from 7.3 to 8.8 (mean ± SD 8.0 ± 0.4) vertebrae and the CTR ranged from 17.1 to 24.6 (mean ± SD 20.1 ± 2.2) %. Significant weak correlation was recorded between VHS and CTR. Vertebral heart score and cardiothoracic ratio are clinically useful tool to evaluate cardiac size in Zaraibi goats.
Polymorphism of Keratin - Associated Protein (KAP) 6.1 gene and its association with wool traits of Sandyno and Nilagiri breeds of sheep
Authors: Bharathesree R. , Murali N. , Saravanan R. , Anilkumar R.
Published: August 2019

Polymorphic variants of keratin-associated protein (KAP) 6.1 gene with wool traits of Sandyno and Nilagiri breeds of sheep were investigated in this study. Genomic DNA was isolated from blood samples of 125 Sandyno, Nilagiri and Dorset x Nilagiri breeds of sheep along with 76 numbers of wool samples. A 528 bp segment was amplified by PCR using ovine specific primers for KAP 6.1 gene. SSCP analysis of KAP 6.1 gene in Dorset x Nilagiri crossbred sheep resulted in two genotypes for the A/B with no polymorphism. KAP 6.1 gene locus revealed allele frequencies of A, B, C, D and E in Sandyno sheep were 0.67, 0.23, 0.04, 0.01 and 0.04 and in Nilagiri were 0.75, 0.06, 0.11, 0.04 and 0.04 respectively. KAP 6.1 gene revealed departure from Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. KAP 6.1 genes were found to have high degree of homozygosity (0.6667) in Nilagiri sheep. The effective number of alleles (Ne) for KAP 6.1 gene was 1.1690 and 1.7006 respectively in Sandyno and Nilagiri breeds of sheep. The PIC values for KAP 6.1 gene was 0.1341 and 0.3909 in Sandyno and Nilagiri breeds of sheep respectively. FIS values for KAP 6.1 gene was positive (0.1909) in Nilagiri breed and it was negative (– 0.0110) in Sandyno breed. Least squares analysis of variance showed significant (P less than 0.05) effect between genotypes and between sexes for wool traits like GFW (kg), CWY (%) and FD (µ). Significant (P less than 0.05) effect of breed (Sandyno and Nilagiri) was observed for all the wool traits (GFW, CWY, FD, SL and Medullation %). Significant (p less than 0.05) higher CWY production was recorded for AC genotype (62.00 ± 1.73 %) while low value was recorded for BB genotype (56.25 ± 1.74 %). FD was found to be high in genotype AC (24.29 ± 1.17 µ) than in AA genotype (23.24 ± 0.49 µ). The homozygote AA was found to have more Medullation (%) and SL. Genotypes BB had higher GFW and lower CWY. The heterozygous genotype AC yielded more FD and CWY with lower most Medullation (%) and SL values. From the study, it may be concluded that KAP 6.1 gene might be a potential molecular marker for genetic selection of wool traits in Sandyno and Nilagiri breeds of sheep.
Testicular biometry and its relationship with age and body weight in young Deoni males
Authors: Varghese Minu Rachel , Kataktalware Mukund A , Jeyakumar Sakthivel , Das D. N. , Ramesha Kerekoppa P. , Wankhade Pratik   R.
Published: August 2019

The present study was designed to analyse the relationship between age, body weight and testicular biometry in young Deoni males. A total of 36 young Deoni males were monitored for body weight and testicular biometry measurements monthly. The average (Mean±S.D.) scrotal circumference (cm) and testicular volume (cm3) in less than 7 months, 7-12 months, >12-18 months, >18-24 months and >24 months age groups were 10.79±1.99, 13.4±2.25, 17.47±3.48, 21.19±2.64 and 25.9±1.71, respectively and 22.75±13.23, 43.05±18.32, 98.30±67.38, 174.46±89.20 and 258.01±89.23, respectively. The maximum increase in body weight, scrotal circumference, testicular volume and testicular weight was observed from nine to 16 months of age in young Deoni males. Age of the bulls had a significant (P less than 0.05) effect on the testicular biometry parameters. The correlation of age and body weight with all testicular parameters was positive and significant (P less than 0.05). It is concluded that age, body weight and testicular biometry are positively and significantly correlated with each other.
Genetic polymorphism in TLR2 genes of HF cross bred cattle through PCR SSCP
Authors: Jadhav P. V. , Das D. N. , Tarate S. B.
Published: August 2019

TLRs are cell-surface receptors which recognize a broad class of pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) that activates innate and adaptive immune responses. Thorough perusal of literature suggests a possible role of TLR2 gene in resistance to infection due to gram positive bacteria. Bovine TLR2 assigns to Bos taurus (BTA) chromosome 17 it spans over 13.2 kb of genomic DNA which includes 2 exons. The first exon is spread over 179bp while the second one is 3333bp. Molecular characterization of TLR2 gene, carried out by PCR- SSCP analysis, revealed presence of six SNPs viz., A827G (exon 2.2), C1088G (exon 2.3), C2155A (exon 2.5), G2281C (exon 2.5), G2410A (exon 2.6) and C2600T (exon 2.6). Gene and genotypic frequencies were determined by values for allele frequencies and hetrozygosity. The degree of heterozygosities, c2 (Chi-square) test for Hardy Weinberg (HW) equilibrium and F statistics were performed for the HF crossbred population. Population genetic analysis demonstrated high degree of genetic differentiation in the population. The studied population displayed a deviation from the HW equilibrium.
Efficacy of closantel against benzimidazole resistant Haemonchus contortus infection in sheep
Authors: Parmar Dipali , Chandra Dinesh , Prasad Arvind , Sankar Muthu , Nasir Abdul , Khuswaha Bhawana , Khare Ravi , Kaur Navneet
Published: August 2019

Benzimidazoles are widely used and readily available ovine anthelminthics across the country. However, widespread resistance to this drug class has been documented, primarily in Haemonchus spp. The present study was conducted to determine the efficacy of closantel against benzimidazole resistant Haemonchus contortus infection in sheep. Naturally infected sheep (n=34) were divided into four groups on the basis of fecal egg counts (FEC) using modified McMaster technique with a lower detection limit of 8.3 eggs per gram of faeces (EPG) viz. Group-A (500-10000), Group- B (>10,000-20,000), Group-C (>20,000-30,000) and Group-D (>30,000). Generic differentiation of larvae was carried out by coproculture performed on pooled faeces which showed the presence of Haemonchus, Trichostrongylus, Oesophagostomum and Strongyloides larvae. To ascertain the evidence of benzimidazole resistance, Egg Hatch Assay (EHA) was performed. All animals were treated with Closantel @ 10mg\kg body weight and EPG was determined on 7th and 11th day post treatment. Animals of different groups had mean EPG range of 400 -760 at 11th day of treatment. In group A, B, C and D mean per cent efficacy of closantel was 91.24±3.49, 95.15±1.72, 97.73±0.72, 98.23±0.86 respectively. Efficacy of closantel against Haemonchus and other gastrointestinal nematodes was further confirmed by performing coproculture 11th day post treatment. Post treatment coproculture revealed presence of Trichostrongylus, Oesophagostomum and Strongyloides larvae and were devoid of Haemonchus larvae. To clear the left out infection of Trichostrongylus, Oesophagostomum and Strongyloides animals were further treated with Fenbendazole @5mg/kg body weight and EPG 14 days post treatment became zero. The results of the study suggested that closantel can be used for Targeted Selective Treatment (TST) in sheep primarily infected with Haemonchus. Since closantel is highly efficacious against Haemonchus its use as an alternative to benzimidazoles group may be helpful to decrease pasture contamination. Overall control of gastrointestinal nematodiasis may therefore be possible by use of closantel along with benzimidazoles.
Ultrasonographic and pathological findings of grade III cervico vaginal prolapse in a pregnant buffalo
Authors: Ahuja Ankit Kumar , Singhal Sumit , Singh Randhir , Deshmukh Siddhartha
Published: August 2019

The present study records ultrasonographic (USG) and pathological findings of grade III cervico vaginal prolapse in a buffalo. There was a rare involvement of urinary bladder and intestines in the prolapsed mass. Urinary bladder appeared as anechoic region surrounded by hyperechoic circumferential, whereas intestines appeared as brief hypoechoic area in USG. Intriguingly, the histopathological investigation correspondingly showed marked discontinuation of uterine musculature especially of inner circular layer of tunica muscularis. Hyaline degeneration characterized by swollen and eosinophilic fibres and early necrobiotic changes characterized by few mononuclear cells infilteration.
Increase nutritional content and in vitro digestibility of forage legumes by adding molybdenum with foliar spray methods
Authors: Susilawati Iin , Indriani Nyimas Popi , Khairani Lizah , Tanuwiria U. Hidayat
Published: August 2019

Legumes as a source of protein is one of the most important nutrients for the ruminants. The experiment was carried out in the field of Forage Crop Laboratory of Padjadjaran University from october 2016 until January 2017, to study the effect of molybdenum fertilization on quality and in vitro digestibility on legumes. The design used was randomized block design with six treatment combinations consisting two levels of molybdenum (0 and 1.5 kg Mo ha-1) with foliar spray methods and three species of legumes (Pueraria phaseoloides, Calopogonium mucunoides and Centrosema pubescens) replicated four times. The results showed that the type of legume and molybdenum fertilizer had significant effect on crude protein content, ash content and in vitro digestibility but no significant effect on crude fiber content of forage legume.
Transferability of newly developed genomic lentil SSR markers to Cicer species
Authors: Bakır Melike
Published: August 2019

Development of microsatellite markers requires a great effort, expertise and research infrastructure. Therefore, cross genera or species transferability of already developed markers has constituted a significant alternative. In this study, transferability of newly developed 53 genomic lentil (Lens culinaris Medik.) SSR markers to 32 accessions of Cicer species including C. arietinum L., C. bijugum K.H. Rech., C. echinospermum P.H. Davis, C. reticulatum Ladiz., C. pinnatifidium Jaub. and Sp., C. anatolicum Alef. was investigated. Of these markers, 33.09% were found to be transferrable to C. arietinum, 37.7% to C. echinospermum, 35.8% to C.reticulatum, 39.6% to C. bijugum, 18.8% to C. pinnatifidium and finally 15.09% to C. anatolicum species. From these markers, 11.3% were found to be transferable to all Cicer species. Transferable 6 polymorphic SSR primers had 19 alleles in 32 accessions with a mean of 3.16 alleles per locus. Polymorphic information content (PIC) values varied between 0.375 (Lc_MCu21) and 0.587 (Lc_MCu53) with an average value of 0.528. Transferable SSR markers were thought to provide significant contributions to inter and intra-specific studies in Cicer species.
Preliminary morphological characterization and evaluation of selected Bambara groundnut [Vigna subterranea (L.) Verdc.] genotypes for yield and yield related traits
Authors: Mohammed M. S. , Shimelis H. A. , Laing M.D. D.
Published: August 2019

Forty nine (49) Bambara groundnut genotypes derived from single plant selection of diverse origin were evaluated for yield and yield components using 26 yield and yield related traits. Highly significant (P<0.001) differences were detected among the genotypes for canopy spread, petiole length, weight of biomass, seed weight and seed height, while seedling emergence, pod weight, seed length and seed width were significantly different (P<0.05). Principal component analysis identified nine influential components whereby PC1 and PC2highly contributed to the total variation at 19% and 14%, respectively. Leaf colour at emergence, petiole colour, leaf joint pigmentation and calyx colour were highly correlated with PC1, while seed length, seed width and seed height had strong association with PC2. Both the principal component and cluster analyses displayed common association among most of the genotypes for agronomic and seed yield traits. Genotypes that showed high seed yield performance and greater biomass production can be tested for large-scale production, breeding or germplasm conservation.
Antipsikotik İlaç Kullanımının Elektrokardiyografi Parametreleri ile İlişkisi
Authors: DEMİRKOL Mehmet Emin , TAMAM Lut , ÇAKMAK Soner , YEŞİLOĞLU Caner
Published: August 2019

Antipsikotik ilaçların bilinen birçok metabolik ve kardiyak etkisi bulunmaktadır. Bu çalışmanın amacı yatarak tedavi görmüş psikotik bozukluk tanılı hastaların elektrokardiyografik parametreleri ile antipsikotik ilaç kullanımı arasındaki ilişkiyi değerlendirmektir. Bu amaçla kliniğimizde yatmış olan 200 psikotik bozukluk hastasının elektokardiyografileri (EKG) incelenerek, QTc aralığı, R-R mesafesi ve PR aralığı ile kullanılan antipsikotik ilaç sayısı ve antipsikotiklerin QTc üzerine etkisinin gücünün ilişkisi araştırılmıştır. Elde edilen verilere göre çoklu antipsikotik ilaç kullananların QTc aralıklarının monoterapi kullananlara göre anlamlı olarak daha uzun olduğu saptanmıştır. Antipsikotik ilaçlar QTc üzerine etki güçlerine göre sınıflandırıldığında, orta şiddette etkili ilaç alanların düşük etkili ilaç alanlara göre QTc aralıklarının anlamlı olarak daha uzun olduğu saptanmıştır. Sonuç olarak psikotik bozukluk tanılı hastaların takibi ve tedavisinde kardiyovasküler yan etki sıklığı dikkate alındığında, çoklu antipsikotik ilaç kullanımından mümkün oldukça kaçınılmalı ve ilaç seçimine önem verilmelidir.
Active learning through community outreach: A case study of service-learning in a natural hazard, vulnerability and risk class
Authors: Brand Brittany , Sass Margaret , Brascia Kara
Published: August 2019

The popularity of service-learning is increasing, especially at a time where college students want to make a greater impact in their communities.  One place we found that students can make a meaningful impact in their communities is promoting community resiliency to natural hazard events through a community outreach project.  This article provides a case study of how incorporating service-learning through a community outreach project can increase student engagement, enhance the depth of understanding of a given topic, build communication and teamwork skills, and contribute meaningfully to the students’ community. This article shares how the instructor of a Natural Hazards, Vulnerability and Risk course implement service-learning through a community outreach project, and provides evidence for how such outreach can enhance student learning and address the common problem of student apathy and disengagement. We also discuss the transferability of our approach to other STEM and social science related courses.
Acıgöl Grabeni Kuzeyindeki Pliyo-Kuvaterner Yaşlı Karasal Çökellerin Fasiyes Özellikleri ve Bölgenin Paleoortamsal Gelişimi, GB-Türkiye
Authors: Taglıasacchı Ezher , Yağmurlu Fuzuli
Published: August 2019

Denizli’nin
65 km kuzeydoğusundaki Pliyosen ve Kuvaterner yaşlı karasal  çökellerin sedimantolojik özellikleri ve bu
çökellerin tektono-sedimanter gelişimi bu çalışmanın ana konusunu
oluşturmaktadır. Çalışma alanında yüzlek veren bu tortullar,  Acıgöl Grabeni’nin kuzeyinde Oligosen
yaşlı  molas karakterindeki kaba
kırıntılı tortulları uyumsuz bir şekilde üzerlemektedir. Pliyo-Kuvaterner yaşlı
bu karasal sedimanlar, kahverengimsi kırmızı renkli, kaba kırıntılı  çakıltaşı, kumtaşı ve çamurtaşı ara
katkılarından oluşan alüvyal yelpaze çökelleri, sarımsı kahverenkli çakıllı kumtaşı
ve su altı kayma-oturma yapılarının belirgin olarak gözlendiği
kilttaşı-silttaşından oluşan delta çökelleri ve beyazımsı gri renkli killi
kireçtaşları, marn ve travertenlerden oluşan gölsel çökellerden oluşmaktadır.
Bu  çalışmada, 8 litofasiyes birimi
tanımlanmıştır. Çalışma alanının güney kesiminde Acıgöl grabeni’ni
sınırlayan  KD-GB gidişli düşey atımlı
Maymundağı Fayı “Çardak Fayı”, GB- Anadolu’daki Neotektonik dönemi yansıtan en
belirgin yapısal unsurlardan biridir. Bu ana faya paralel sintetik ve
antitetik  faylar sonucu yüzeye ulaşan
termal sular, beyaz, masif ve sıkı dokulu, yer yer kırıklı ve çatlaklı
traverten oluşumuna neden olmuştur. Ayrıca, 
bölgede en genç  çökeller
olarak  yüzlek veren alüvyal  yelpazelerin yanal  ve düşey yöndeki  gelişimi, grabeni  sınırlayan 
genç  faylar tarafından günümüze
dek  denetlenmektedir.
Kayaçlarda Doku Katsayısı ile Kesilebilirlik Özellikleri Arasındaki Bağıntıların İncelenmesi
Authors: Hiçyılmaz Güzel Dilara , Yılmaz Kamil
Published: August 2019

Kayaçların
kesilebilirlik özelliklerini etkileyen en önemli faktör kayaçların
dayanımlarıdır. Kayaç dayanımı ise kayacın doku özellikleri ve kayaç oluşturan
mineral tanelerinin kayaç içinde bulunma durumuna bağlıdır. Verimi yüksek
kesimler yapabilmek adına kesilecek kayaçların mineralojik içeriğinin bilinmesi
gerekmektedir. Bu sebeple, doku ve mineral tanelerinin geometrik şekillerinin
bir bütün olarak ele alındığı doku katsayısı parametresi (TC) ile birim hacim
başına harcanan enerji miktarı olarak tanımlanan spesifik enerji (SE)
arasındaki ilişki araştırılmıştır. Çalışmalarda Afyon ve Isparta bölgelerinden
alınan 7 farklı türde toplamda 41 adet numune kullanılmıştır. Numuneler ilgili
standartlara bağlı olarak fiziksel ve mekanik deneylere tabi tutulmuştur. Her
numunenin mineralojik ve petrografik özellikleri mikroskop altında
incelenmiştir. Görüntü analiz programı kullanılarak bilgisayar ortamında
mikroskop görüntüleri üzerinden partikül analizi yapılmıştır. Çalışma sonucunda
spesifik enerji ile doku katsayısı arasında anlamlı bir ilişki elde edilmiştir.
Böylece kayaçların doku özelliklerinin sayısallaştırılması için doku katsayısının
kullanılabileceği gözlenmiştir. Buna ek olarak, mineral tanelerin geometrik
şekilleri, büyüklükleri, idiomorf veya hipidiyomorf mineraller, kayadaki
minerallerin varlığı ve mineraller arasındaki artan sınır ilişkilerinin kayaç
mukavemetini ve özgül enerji kullanımını etkilediği gösterilmiştir.
Penulisan Karya Ilmiah dalam Pengembangan Profesi Guru di SMPN Sentani Kabupaten Jayapura
Authors: I.Y Palit Epiphani , Hutabarat Ida Mariati , Gultom Monika
Published: August 2019

Pelatihan penulisan karya tulis ilmiah merupakan salah satu upaya untuk pengembangan profesi guru di SMPN 2 dan SMPN 7 Sentani. Pelatihan ini bertujuan untuk (1) membekali  kepada guru dalam hal menyusun karya tulis ilmiah secara benar sesuai dengan pedoman penulisan, (2) membekali guru dalam prosedur publikasi karya tulis ilmiah dalam jurnal, dan (3) membekali guru dalam menganalisis data menggunakan software SPSS. Metode yang digunakan untuk menjawab tujuan tersebut adalah dalam bentuk ceramah, tanya jawab, demonstrasi dan latihan / praktek.   Peserta yang telah mengikuti pelatihan nantinya akan mempraktekkan langsung hasil pelatihan yang mereka dapatkan serta membuat karya tulis ilmiah dengan pendampingan dari TIM PKM sehingga peserta dapat membuat karya tulis ilmiah dengan baik.  Hasil pelaksanaan kegiatan PKM dirasakan oleh TIM maupun peserta pelatihan sangat memuaskan. Dengan indikator kedatangan peserta dalam setiap pertemuan dan antusias peserta.  Faktor pendukung terlaksananya kegiatan PKM ini adalah ketersediaan sumber daya dari TIM, antusiasme peserta, dukungan kepala sekolah tempat penyelenggaraan, dan dana pendukung dari Kemenristek Dikti.
Outcomes of 360° Osteotomy in the Cervicothoracic Spine (C7-T1) for Congenital Cervicothoracic Kyphoscoliosis in Children
Authors: Wang Shengru , Lin Guanfeng , Yang Yang , Cai Siyi , Zhuang Qianyu , Tian Ye , Zhang Jianguo
Published: August 2019

Background:

There have been many reports on the treatment of congenital kyphoscoliosis. However, congenital deformities in the cervicothoracic spine (C7-T1) have not been well described because of the rarity of these conditions.

Methods:

The medical records and imaging studies of 25 children who were treated with 360° osteotomy for congenital deformities in the cervicothoracic spine (C7-T1) at a mean age of 11.4 years were reviewed.

Results:

All 25 children presented with torticollis; 4 presented with neck pain; 10, with facial asymmetry; and 3, with preoperative neurological deficits. Twenty-three patients had congenital deformities in other regions of the spine. Six patients had a total of 8 intraspinal deformities. On average, the cervicothoracic curve was corrected from 53° preoperatively to 14° at the latest follow-up, the segmental kyphosis was corrected from 25° to 12°, and the head tilt improved from 25° to 5°. Nineteen patients had a total of 28 complications, including 1 transient cord injury together with a permanent C8 nerve root injury, 11 transient nerve root injuries, 1 transient Horner syndrome, 9 cases of decompensation of a compensatory curve, 2 implant failures, 2 cases of hemothorax, 1 dural tear, and 1 case of delayed wound-healing.

Conclusions:

Most congenital cervicothoracic deformities are fixed, and early surgical intervention may be needed. A 360° osteotomy is indicated for this type of rigid deformity and may provide satisfactory correction. However, 360° osteotomy in the cervicothoracic spine (C7-T1) is technically demanding with a higher risk of nerve root injuries, although most injuries tend to be transient. If the compensatory thoracic curve is severe and rigid, 1-stage or staged surgery in this region may be required.

Level of Evidence:

Therapeutic Level IV. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
Modeling of Production Decline Caused by Fines Migration in Deepwater Reservoirs
Authors: Tan Yunhui , Li Yan , Rijken Margaretha C. M. , Zaki Karim , Wang Bin , Wu Ruiting , Karazincir Oya , Williams Wade
Published: August 2019

Many deepwater wells experience steep productivity declines. Some field observations indicate that this decline is partly attributable to fines-migration effects. In this paper, we present a numerical workflow to simulate the effect (over time) of flow-induced fines migration on production decline in deepwater reservoirs. A permeability-reduction function was extracted from long-term coreflood tests and implemented into a reservoir simulator. Using the permeability-reduction function, production degradation caused by fines migration was simulated in a detailed single-well model. From previous research, it was understood that fines migration does not start until the flow velocity is greater than the critical velocity. After many long-term coreflood tests, or extended fines-migration (EFM) tests, we concluded that the permeability damage induced by fines migration is a function of the pore-volume (PV) throughput (fluid volume flowing through the core divided by the PV of the core). To address these observations, the numerical model was updated such that the interstitial flow velocity was tracked in each individual cell. When the interstitial velocity is greater than the critical velocity, the cell's permeability follows the permeability-reduction trend obtained from laboratory data. Validation of the workflow is performed using a cylinder model to match the laboratory test core-plug data. A detailed 3D model was constructed to study the fines-migration effect in each part of the near-wellbore (e.g., perforation, fracture) region and the reservoir. As expected, fines migration started near the perforation where the flow velocity was the highest. Depending on the permeability-decline rate, the production asymptotes eventually reached a constant value after a certain period. Both the decline rate and the ultimate residual permeability had a strong effect on the final production. Sensitivities were run to study the effect of fines migration in different completions. To the authors’ understanding, this is the first time that laboratory-based fines-migration data were incorporated into a reservoir simulator to predict the production decline using experiment-based fines-migration functions. This workflow will help reservoir engineers predict the damage caused by fines migration, predict production decline, and plan for remediation.