bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A method for evaluation of patient-specific lean body mass from limited-coverage CT images and its application in PERCIST: comparison with predictive equation
Authors: Shang Jingjie , Tan Zhiqiang , Cheng Yong , Tang Yongjin , Guo Bin , Gong Jian , Ling Xueying , Wang Lu , Xu Hao
Published: February 2021

Background

Standardized uptake value (SUV) normalized by lean body mass ([LBM] SUL) is recommended as metric by PERCIST 1.0. The James predictive equation (PE) is a frequently used formula for LBM estimation, but may cause substantial error for an individual. The purpose of this study was to introduce a novel and reliable method for estimating LBM by limited-coverage (LC) CT images from PET/CT examinations and test its validity, then to analyse whether SUV normalised by LC-based LBM could change the PERCIST 1.0 response classifications, based on LBM estimated by the James PE.

Methods

First, 199 patients who received whole-body PET/CT examinations were retrospectively retrieved. A patient-specific LBM equation was developed based on the relationship between LC fat volumes (FVLC) and whole-body fat mass (FMWB). This equation was cross-validated with an independent sample of 97 patients who also received whole-body PET/CT examinations. Its results were compared with the measurement of LBM from whole-body CT (reference standard) and the results of the James PE. Then, 241 patients with solid tumours who underwent PET/CT examinations before and after treatment were retrospectively retrieved. The treatment responses were evaluated according to the PE-based and LC-based PERCIST 1.0. Concordance between them was assessed using Cohen’s κ coefficient and Wilcoxon’s signed-ranks test. The impact of differing LBM algorithms on PERCIST 1.0 classification was evaluated.

Results

The FVLC were significantly correlated with the FMWB (r=0.977). Furthermore, the results of LBM measurement evaluated with LC images were much closer to the reference standard than those obtained by the James PE. The PE-based and LC-based PERCIST 1.0 classifications were discordant in 27 patients (11.2%; κ = 0.823, P=0.837). These discordant patients’ percentage changes of peak SUL (SULpeak) were all in the interval above or below 10% from the threshold (±30%), accounting for 43.5% (27/62) of total patients in this region. The degree of variability is related to changes in LBM before and after treatment.

Conclusions

LBM algorithm-dependent variability in PERCIST 1.0 classification is a notable issue. SUV normalised by LC-based LBM could change PERCIST 1.0 response classifications based on LBM estimated by the James PE, especially for patients with a percentage variation of SULpeak close to the threshold.
Correction to: Memory-dependent derivative approach onmagneto-thermoelastic transversely isotropic medium with two temperatures
Authors: Kaur Iqbal , Lata Parveen , Singh Kulvinder
Published: February 2021

An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via the original article.
Gluteal muscle metastasis with peritoneal dissemination from gastric cancer during postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy: a case report
Authors: Korehisa Shotaro , Kabashima Akira , Ichimanda Michihiro , Umeda Kenji , Koso Hidenori , Yada Kazuhiro , Arakane Motoki , Anai Hideaki
Published: February 2021

Background

Skeletal muscle metastasis from gastric cancer is rare and has a poor prognosis. We reported a case of gluteal muscle metastasis with peritoneal dissemination from gastric cancer during postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy.

Case presentation

A 64-year-old man with gastric cancer underwent distal gastrectomy with D2 lymph node resection. The pathological diagnosis was poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma and signet cell carcinoma, T3N3bM0, Stage IIIC. Metastases were found in all regional lymph nodes, except 11p. The resection margin was negative. S-1 plus docetaxel therapy was administered as postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy. Six month post-operation, the patient presented with right gluteal muscle tenderness and abdominal distension. Computed tomography revealed a solid mass in the right gluteal muscle, a disseminated nodule on the abdominal wall, and massive ascites. Pathological examination of the gluteal muscle revealed signet cell carcinoma, similar to the resected gastric cancer. The tumor was diagnosed as gastric cancer metastases. Ascites cytology was class V. Thereafter, the patient underwent one course of capecitabine plus cisplatin combined with trastuzumab. Radiation therapy was also administered to relieve the pain of gluteal muscle metastasis. However, chemoradiotherapy was ineffective, and the patient died 2 months after the recurrence.

Conclusions

Skeletal muscle metastasis and peritoneal dissemination during adjuvant chemotherapy indicated a poor prognosis.
Correction to: Tea consumption and measures of attention and psychomotor speed in the very old: the Newcastle 85+ longitudinal study
Authors: Okello Edward Jonathan , Mendonça Nuno , Stephan Blossom , Muniz-Terrera Graciela , Wesnes Keith , Siervo Mario
Published: February 2021

An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via the original article.
An internet-based emotion regulation intervention versus no intervention for nonsuicidal self-injury in adolescents: study protocol for a feasibility trial
Authors: Morthorst Britt , Rubæk Lotte , Lindschou Jane , Jakobsen Janus Christian , Gluud Christian , Bjureberg Johan , Hellner Clara , Møhl Bo , Pagsberg Anne Katrine
Published: February 2021

Background

Non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) has gained increased attention in recent years due to increased prevalence, especially among adolescents. Evidence-based interventions for NSSI are sparse. Emotion regulation individual therapy for adolescents (ERITA) is an online intervention that needs investigation. Non-randomised studies suggest ERITA improves emotion regulations skills and reduces NSSI frequency. Before conducting a large pragmatic randomised clinical trial, we aim to investigate the feasibility of ERITA in Denmark.

Methods

A randomised, parallel group feasibility trial comparing ERITA as add on to treatment as usual versus treatment as usual in 30 adolescents age 13–17 years with recurrent NSSI referred to outpatient clinics in The Child and Adolescent Mental Health Services in the Capital Region of Denmark. Feasibility outcomes are (1) completion of follow-up, (2) the fraction of eligible participants who consent to inclusion and randomisation and (3) compliance with the intervention. Clinical outcomes such as self-injury frequency and the ability to regulate emotions will be investigated exploratorily.

Discussion

Internet-based interventions are assumed to be appealing to adolescents by being easily accessible and easy to navigate by tech natives. Disclosure of self-injury behaviour may be facilitated by an online intervention. The evidence for self-injury specific treatment needs to be extended but prior to a large clinical trial, the feasibility of methods and procedures must be assessed.

Trial registration

ClinicalTrials.Gov Identifier: NCT04243603.
Behavior-analytic intervention for women with fibromyalgia and insomnia: a single subject design
Authors: de Fátima Kirchner Luziane , de Jesus Dutra dos Reis Maria
Published: February 2021

This study evaluated the effects in the pain and sleep, and the clinic significance after an analytic-behavioral intervention to manage the condition of the physical and interpersonal environment related to pain. Four women with fibromyalgia and insomnia participated in a study with intervention withdrawal multiple baseline design and initial, intermediate, final, and follow-up assessments. Self-report instruments were used to assess pain intensity and disability, sleep quality, and insomnia severity, besides the actigraphy. Data showed that the intervention (20 sessions) was effective in reducing the sleep and pain problems in all participants by shifting two participants from clinical to non-clinical status in sleep indicators. The gains were maintained or increased in follow-up measures. However, the results should take into consideration the clinical condition and other variables that may have individually impacted the results.
Egyptian school children awareness and precautions in Covid19 pandemic: a cross sectional survey study
Authors: Shehata Manal A. , Adel Ahmed , Armaneous Ayman F. , EL-Sonbaty Mohamed M. , Abdel Atti Mohamed , El-Hariri Hazem Mohamed , Kamel Iman H.
Published: February 2021

Background

COVID-19 (Corona Virus Disease 2019) is showing a wide global spread, and urgent joint international efforts is required to the control of this pandemic, the awareness of people towards infectious viruses still the main factor to limit the widespread of disease. The aim of this study is to assess the level of awareness and attitude towards COVID-19 among a sample of Egyptian school children, using a web-based questionnaire.

Results

A total of 708 participants were involved in this online survey study, representing different areas in Egypt, 378 males (53.4%), 330 females (46.5%); their age range between 6 and 18 years. Regarding the residence, 576 (81.4%) were from urban areas, the remaining 132 (18.6%) were from non-urban areas. Internet and media were more frequent used as a source of information in urban students. The knowledge level score of risk and prevention of the disease were significantly higher in urban students than in non-urban students. Healthy practice score ≥ 50 were significantly more frequent in urban students. Healthy practice score was non-significantly higher in urban students.

Conclusions

Most of the study participants of school students are knowledgeable about basic information, and have cautious preventive practices towards COVID-19, denoting the efficacy of the public health efforts. However, the lower level of awareness in non-urbans, indicating a need to address alternative channels to communicate with these populations
The skin microbiome of Xenopus laevis and the effects of husbandry conditions
Authors: Piccinni Maya Z. , Watts Joy E. M. , Fourny Marie , Guille Matt , Robson Samuel C.
Published: February 2021

Background

Historically the main source of laboratoryXenopus laeviswas the environment. The increase in genetically altered animals and evolving governmental constraints around using wild-caught animals for research has led to the establishment of resource centres that supply animals and reagents worldwide, such as the EuropeanXenopusResource Centre. In the last decade, centres were encouraged to keep animals in a “low microbial load” or “clean” state, where embryos are surface sterilized before entering the housing system; instead of the conventional, “standard” conditions where frogs and embryos are kept without prior surface treatment. DespiteXenopus laevishaving been kept in captivity for almost a century, surprisingly little is known about the frogs as a holobiont and how changing the microbiome may affect resistance to disease. This study examines how the different treatment conditions, “clean” and “standard” husbandry in recirculating housing, affects the skin microbiome of tadpoles and female adults. This is particularly important when considering the potential for poor welfare caused by a change in husbandry method as animals move from resource centres to smaller research colonies.

Results

We found strong evidence for developmental control of the surface microbiome onXenopus laevis; adults had extremely similar microbial communities independent of their housing, while both tadpole and environmental microbiome communities were less resilient and showed greater diversity.

Conclusions

Our findings suggest that the adultXenopus laevismicrobiome is controlled and selected by the host. This indicates that the surface microbiome of adultXenopus laevisis stable and defined independently of the environment in which it is housed, suggesting that the use of clean husbandry conditions poses little risk to the skin microbiome when transferring adult frogs to research laboratories. This will have important implications for frog health applicable toXenopus laevisresearch centres throughout the world.
Vulnerabilities and integrity of precise point positioning for intelligent transport systems: overview and analysis
Authors: Du Yujun , Wang Jinling , Rizos Chris , El-Mowafy Ahmed
Published: February 2021

The implementation of Intelligent Transport System (ITS) technology is expected to significantly improve road safety and traffic efficiency. One of the key components of ITS is precise vehicle positioning. Positioning with decimetre to sub-metre accuracy is a fundamental capability for self-driving, and other automated applications. Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) Precise Point Positioning (PPP) is an attractive positioning approach for ITS due to its relatively low-cost and flexibility. However, GNSS PPP is vulnerable to several effects, especially those caused by the challenging urban environments, where the ITS technology is most likely needed. To meet the high integrity requirements of ITS applications, it is necessary to carefully analyse potential faults and failures of PPP and to study relevant integrity monitoring methods. In this paper an overview of vulnerabilities of GNSS PPP is presented to identify the faults that need to be monitored when developing PPP integrity monitoring methods. These vulnerabilities are categorised into different groups according to their impact and error sources to assist integrity fault analysis, which is demonstrated with Failure Modes and Effects Analysis (FMEA) and Fault Tree Analysis (FTA) methods. The main vulnerabilities are discussed in detail, along with their causes, characteristics, impact on users, and related mitigation methods. In addition, research on integrity monitoring methods used for accounting for the threats and faults in PPP for ITS applications is briefly reviewed. Both system-level (network-end) and user-level (user-end) integrity monitoring approaches for PPP are briefly discussed, focusing on their development and the challenges in urban scenarios. Some open issues, on which further efforts should focus, are also identified.
The role of MDCT in the assessment of cardiac and extra-cardiac vascular defects among Egyptian children with tetralogy of Fallot and its surgical implementation
Authors: Elshimy Ahmed , Khattab Rasha Tolba , Hassan Hend Galal Eldeen Mohamed Ali
Published: February 2021

Background

Tetralogy of Fallot (TOF) is considered the most common form of cyanotic congenital heart diseases (CHD), accounting for about 10% of cases. It includes four main cardiac defects, in addition to various extra-cardiac anomalies.

Aim

This study aimed to evaluate cardiac and extra-cardiac vascular defects associated with TOF among Egyptian children, regarding frequency and types with assessment of multi-slice or multi-detector computed tomography (MDCT) role in their diagnosis. Definitely, full detection of these vascular anomalies has utmost importance when evaluating such patients particularly before surgical intervention.

Methods

This study included 60 pediatric patients diagnosed as TOF, who underwent MDCT examination in our institute during period of 6 months from (March to September 2020), to confirm their trans-thoracic echocardiography (TTE) findings and detect other vascular abnormalities which cannot be precisely detected with TTE before their surgical interventions.

Results

The incidence of different extra-cardiac vascular defects diagnosed by MDCT among our patients was 85% which was significantly higher than that detected by TTE (55%). Moreover, MDCT was superior to TTE assessment as regards its diagnostic accuracy (96.6% vs. 80%), sensitivity (98% vs. 76.9%), and specificity (88.9% vs. 85.7%), in addition to both positive and negative predictive values. The most common anomalies detected were affecting the pulmonary artery (80%), followed by aorto-pulmonary vessels (45%), then aortic artery (40%), coronary arteries (20%), and lastly vena cava connection (6.7%). Patients’ demographic characteristics and clinical presentations were also presented.

Conclusion

This study confirmed that many extra-cardiac vascular defects are commonly associating cardiac lesions in TOF and emphasizing the great value of MDCT in their diagnosis. Certainly, proper detection of these anomalies will help decision-making during preoperative evaluation, corrective interventions, and further management of these cases.
Endoscopic-assisted epitympanic approach: a feasible technique for cochlear implantation
Authors: Badr-El-dine Mohamed Mostafa , Fathalla Mohamed Fawzy , Eid Mohamed , Mehanna Ahmed Mohamed
Published: February 2021

Background

The aim of this study is to discuss the detailed surgical steps of the endoscopic-assisted epi-tympanic approach (EAEA) to the round window (RW) as a safe, precise, and reliable approach for cochlear implantation (CI) and also to evaluate possible problems and limitations faced, their management strategies, and how to overcome.

Results

This study was carried on 40 patients admitted for cochlear implantation (CI). The patients were divided into two equal groups; the first group underwent CI via the endoscopic-assisted epitympanic approach (EAEA), while the second group was a comparison group and underwent CI via the classic posterior tympanotomy. There was a statistical significant difference as regards scalar location of CI electrodes; all EAEA cases were inserted through ST in comparison to 45% of conventional cases. There was no statistical significant difference as regards linear and angular insertion depth between the two groups. The EAEA group needed shorter time to finish the procedure taking from 90 to 195 min, whereas the conventional group consumed longer time ranging from 120 to 185 min; a difference that was found to be statistically significant. No facial nerve injury was reported in the endoscopic approach.

Conclusions

Endoscope-assisted epitympanic approach (EAEA) is a reliable and safe approach for soft surgery CI. Visualization of the RW and insertion of the electrode under endoscopic control was significantly reliable and successful in all cases.
Association of serum uric acid with clinical and radiological severity of knee osteoarthritis in non-gouty patients
Authors: Bassiouni Sherine Abdel Rahman Abdel Karim , El Adalany Mohamed Ali , Abdelsalam Maha , Gharbia Ola Mohammad
Published: February 2021

Background

A growing body of evidence suggested that uric acid (UA) may contribute in the pathways underlying osteoarthritis (OA) pathogenesis; however, studies that investigated the relationship between UA and OA emerged inconclusive results. The purpose of the study was to explore the association of serum uric acid (sUA) levels with clinical severity, radiological severity of knee osteoarthritis (KOA) based on Kellgren-Lawrence (KL) grading system, and MRI changes in non-gouty patients.

Results

WOMAC scores: pain, stiffness, function, and total score are significantly higher in H-sUA group than L-sUA group (p = 0.004, p = 0.019, p = 0.018, p = 0.008 respectively). Joint space width (JSW) is significantly narrower in H-sUA group than L-sUA group (p = 0.013). H-sUA group had more frequent KL grade 4 (p < 0.001), osteophytes grade 4 (p < 0.001), focal bone erosion (p < 0.001), bone marrow lesions (p = 0.023), and synovitis (p = 0.011) than L-sUA group. Female KOA patients in H-sUA group had significantly higher pain, stiffness, and function and total WOMAC scores than L-sUA group (p = 0.003, p = 0.015, p = 0.008, p = 0.004), more frequently had KL grade 4 and osteophytes grade 4 (p = 0.003, p < 0.001), significantly narrower JSW (p = 0.016), more frequently show focal bone erosion (p = 0.002), bone marrow lesions (p = 0.019), and synovitis (p = 0.004) than L-sUA group. In regression analysis, female sex (p = 0.035), duration of KOA (p = 0.031), and sUA level (p = 0.025) were associated with KL severity. For female patients with KOA, KL severity is associated with duration of KOA (p = 0.045) and sUA (p = 0.009).

Conclusion

Higher sUA level is associated with higher clinical severity, higher radiographic KL grades, and more frequent MRI findings in patients with primary KOA patients. Our results also indicated that sUA level was significantly associated with KOA severity in female patients, but not in male patients. More studies are warranted to explore whether the two conditions exist simultaneously or there is a direct causal relationship between the two conditions.
American Society of Clinical Oncology (ASCO) Cervical Cancer Prevention Program: A Hands-On Training Course in Nepal
Authors: Phoolcharoen Natacha , Kremzier Megan , Eaton Vanessa , Sarchet Vanessa , Acharya Sandhya Chapagain , Shrestha Eliza , Carns Jennifer , Baker Ellen , Varon Melissa Lopez , Karmacharya Saujanya , Aryal Binod , Richards-Kortum Rebecca , Salcedo Mila Pontremoli , Schmeler Kathleen M. , Pariyar Jitendra
Published: February 2021

Cervical cancer is the leading cause of death among women in Nepal. The American Society of Clinical Oncology (ASCO) and The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center collaborated with international and local experts to hold a cervical cancer prevention course in Nepal in November 2019. The course included didactic lectures and a hands-on workshop. The didactic lectures included the epidemiology of cervical cancer globally and locally, cervical cancer screening guidelines, human papillomavirus vaccination, colposcopy and visual inspection with acetic acid (VIA), cervical dysplasia, and cervical cancer treatment. The hands-on workshop consisted of four stations: (1) VIA; (2) colposcopy, cervical biopsy, and endocervical curettage; (3) thermal ablation; and (4) loop electrosurgical excision procedure (LEEP). A train-the-trainer model short course was held by the international faculty to assist six local faculty to become familiar with the instruments, procedures, and models used in the hands-on training stations. Forty-two people (84% gynecologist, 8% radiation oncologist, and 8% other) attended the course. Following the course, the international faculty visited the regional hospitals for additional educational activities. Increased knowledge in cervical cancer screening guidelines and ability in performing VIA, colposcopy and cervical biopsy, thermal ablation, and LEEP were reported by 89%, 84%, 84%, 87%, and 84% of participants, respectively, from the postcourse on-site evaluations. From the 6-month follow-up survey, all respondents reported that they had made practice changes based on what they learned in the course and had implemented or tried to implement the cervical cancer screening guidelines presented at the course. In conclusion, the course evaluations suggested an improvement in participants' ability to perform cervical cancer screening and diagnostic procedures and reported the changes in practices after training.
Benefits of the Involvement of Dentists in Managing Oral Complications Among Patients With Oral Cavity and Oropharyngeal Cancer: An Analysis of Claims Data
Authors: Choi Sung Eun , Choudhary Abhishek , Sonis Stephen , Villa Alessandro
Published: February 2021

PURPOSE:

Patients with oral cancer and oropharyngeal cancer frequently develop treatment-related oral complications that negatively affect patients' quality-of-life, cost, and health outcomes. We investigated whether the provider specialty affected the costs and treatment duration of managing oral complications.

METHODS:

Using deidentified claims from a commercial insurer from 2008 to 2019, we compared costs and duration of common oral complication management between patients whose care included a dentist, with those whose care did not include a dentist. Our primary outcomes were treatment cost and duration. Multivariate linear regression models were used to evaluate the relationship between the primary outcomes and involvement of dentists. Separate analyses were conducted for acute and chronic oral complications.

RESULTS:

Involvement of dentists in oral complications management resulted in lower costs and shorter treatment duration for acute complications on average. For chronic complications, when dentists were involved, the average cost was higher by $1,672 (USD) (95% CI, 1,124 to 2,219), but the average treatment duration was shorter by 74 days (95% CI, 62 to 84). When complications were acute, dentists’ intervention was beneficial for dentofacial functional abnormalities, disorders of teeth and supporting structures, stomatitis and mucositis (ulcerative), and thrush, in terms of both costs and duration. Among chronic complications, dental caries was the only complication type that resulted in lower cost and shorter treatment duration with dentists’ involvement.

CONCLUSION:

Oral complications of cancer therapy incur a significant financial and clinical burden. Involvement of dentists results in shorter treatment duration, while lowering the financial burden of care for certain complication types.
Impact of CT convolution kernel on robustness of radiomic features for different lung diseases and tissue types
Authors: Denzler Sarah , Vuong Diem , Bogowicz Marta , Pavic Matea , Frauenfelder Thomas , Thierstein Sandra , Eboulet Eric Innocents , Maurer Britta , Schniering Janine , Gabryś Hubert Szymon , Schmitt-Opitz Isabelle , Pless Miklos , Foerster Robert , Guckenberger Matthias , Tanadini-Lang Stephanie
Published: February 2021

Objectives:

In this study, we aimed to assess the impact of different CT reconstruction kernels on the stability of radiomic features and the transferability between different diseases and tissue types. Three lung diseases were evaluated, i.e. non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM) and interstitial lung disease related to systemic sclerosis (SSc-ILD) as well as four different tissue types, i.e. primary tumor, largest involved lymph node ipsilateral and contralateral lung.

Methods:

Pre-treatment non-contrast enhanced CT scans from 23 NSCLC, 10 MPM and 12 SSc-ILD patients were collected retrospectively. For each patient, CT scans were reconstructed using smooth and sharp kernel in filtered back projection. The regions of interest (ROIs) were contoured on the smooth kernel-based CT and transferred to the sharp kernel-based CT. The voxels were resized to the largest voxel dimension of each cohort. In total, 1386 features were analyzed. Feature stability was assessed using the intraclass correlation coefficient. Features above the stability threshold >0.9 were considered stable.

Results:

We observed a strong impact of the reconstruction method on stability of the features (at maximum 26% of the 1386 features were stable). Intensity features were the most stable followed by texture and wavelet features. The wavelet features showed a positive correlation between percentage of stable features and size of the ROI (R2 = 0.79, p = 0.005). Lymph node radiomics showed poorest stability (<10%) and lung radiomics the largest stability (26%). Robustness analysis done on the contralateral lung could to a large extent be transferred to the ipsilateral lung, and the overlap of stable lung features between different lung diseases was more than 50%. However, results of robustness studies cannot be transferred between tissue types, which was investigated in NSCLC and MPM patients; the overlap of stable features for lymph node and lung, as well as for primary tumor and lymph node was very small in both disease types.

Conclusion:

The robustness of radiomic features is strongly affected by different reconstruction kernels. The effect is largely influenced by the tissue type and less by the disease type.

Advances in knowledge:

The study presents to our knowledge the most complete analysis on the impact of convolution kernel on the robustness of CT-based radiomics for four relevant tissue types in three different lung diseases.
Πολιτισμός και υγεία: σύγχρονες προσεγγίσεις σε μια διαρκή σχέση
Authors: Χ. Καραδήμας Ευάγγελος
Published: February 2021

The abstract is available in the PDF
Η ανάδυση των πρωτολέξεων: εμπειρικά δεδομένα για τη σταδιακή σύγκλιση παραμέτρων της λέξης
Authors: (Αλεξάνδρα Καρούσου) Alexandra Karousou , Κατή Δήμητρα , Σταμπουλιάδου Χρυσούλα
Published: February 2021

The abstract is available in the PDF
Measuring trait emotional intelligence: development and psycgometric properties of the Greek Emotional Intelligence Scale (GEIS)
Authors: Tsaousis Ioannis
Published: February 2021

THE ABSTRACT IS AVAILABLE IN THE PDF
Η αξιολογηση της αναγνωστικής ευχέρειας για τον εντοπισμό αναγνωστικών δυσκολιών
Authors: Πρωτόπαπας Αθανάσιος , Σκαλούμπακας Χρήστος
Published: February 2021

The abstract is available in the PDF
Ψυχομετρική διερεύνηση μιας ορθογραφικής δοκιμασίας για μαθητές του δημοτικού σχολείου
Authors: Δ. Σιδερίδης Γεώργιος , Μουζάκη Αγγελική , Πρωτόπαπας Αθανάσιος , Σίμος Παναγιώτης
Published: February 2021

The abstract is available in the PDF
Perceptions of Surrogacy Within the Yoruba Socio-Cultural Context of Ado-Ekiti, Nigeria
Authors: Alabi Oluwatobi Joseph
Published: February 2021

Background: Surrogacy might be a reproductive process that brings joy and fulfilment to many but it also brings with it numerous ethical and legal concerns; it raises questions about the fundamental human rights, welfare and wellbeing of women and infants especially within a context where it is barely regulated. This article examines the perception of surrogacy within the Yoruba socio-cultural context in Ado-Ekiti, Nigeria. It brings to the fore various socio-cultural concerns that questions the influence of surrogacy as a reproductive process on womanhood, motherhood and parenthood. It discusses by analysing the narratives of participants how surrogacy process is a dereliction of the sacredness and cultural sanctity of the family system, most especially in an African context.

Methods: 15 stakeholders (traditional birth attendants and gynaecologists) were engaged in an in-depth interview to unravel the challenges surrogacy might or is encountering within the socio-cultural context of Ado-Ekiti.

Results: There are various social, cultural and religious beliefs that police the reproductive sphere of the Yoruba socio-cultural group, which has grave implications on fertility treatment. These socio-cultural and religious factors do not provide a fertile ground for surrogacy to thrive within the study location. Hence, it is important that the socio-cultural framing of reproduction within this cultural context become receptive to medical reproductive solutions and innovations if at all the processes are to thrive or at least become less stigmatised.

Conclusions: The process of surrogacy is very complex and people’s attitude towards the practice is greatly influenced by their culture, religion and social belief systems about what is considered appropriate for procreation. Also, it is important to have clear-cut policy regulating surrogacy and all forms of ARTs in Nigeria, as this will protect women and infants, as well as, ensure that they are not to exposed abuse, commercialization and exploitation.
ОЦЕНКА ЭЛАСТИЧНОСТИ ТРАНСПОРТНОГО СПРОСА НА ОСНОВЕ МОДЕЛЕЙ ВЫБОРА СПОСОБА ПЕРЕДВИЖЕНИЯ В ГОРОДАХ
Authors: Litvinov Alexander Vladimirovich , Donchenko Vadim Valerianovich
Published: February 2021

При разработке мероприятий по управлению транспортным спросом возникает потребность в оценке эластичности спроса на передвижения определенным способом по стоимости или характеристике качества транспортного обслуживания. Оценка эластичности транспортного спроса может быть осуществлена на основе моделей выбора способа передвижения.Цель исследования – описание и применение подхода к оценке эластичности транспортного спроса на основе моделей выбора способа передвижения в городах.Материалы и методы исследования: подход к оценке эластичности транспортного спроса основывается на математическом моделировании выбора способа передвижения в городах. Эмпирической базой для разработки моделей и проведения модельных экспериментов являлись результаты социологического исследования подвижности населения города Южно-Сахалинска, а также данные о стоимости передвижений и характеристиках качества транспортного обслуживания каждым способом передвижения.Результаты: описан и апробирован подход к оценке эластичности спроса по стоимостным и качественным характеристикам транспортного обслуживания на краткосрочную перспективу (до двух лет).Применение результатов исследования: результаты исследования могут использоваться для оценки эластичности транспортного спроса при разработке мероприятий по управлению транспортным спросом в городах.
MiRNA expression profile in serum of osteoarthritis patients
Authors: Szala Dariusz , Czech Joanna , Skrzypa Marzena , Kopanska Marta , Hanf-Osetek Dorota , Gargasz Krzysztof , Guzik Grzegorz , Snela Slawomir , Zawlik Izabela
Published: February 2021

Introduction: Osteoarthritis (OA) is the most common form of arthritis that affects millions of people worldwide. Despite advances in medicine, OA still remains incurable. Scientists are still seeking candidates for biomarker-based risk stratification and the early detection of disease. Measurement of miRNAs in the serum may become a powerful tool in the development of diagnostic biomarker. Purpose: The aim of this study was to examine the expression profiles of 20 miRNAs in the serum of patients with OA.Methods: We used RT-qPCR method to measure the expression profile of selected miRNAs.Results: Six miRNAs showed differential expression between OA and normal serum samples. miR-146a-5p and miR-98-5p were significantly upregulated (P < 0.05), while miR-222-3p, miR-22-3p, miR-27a-3p and miR-93-5p were downregulated (P < 0.05) compared to the control group. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first work that shows that expression of these six miRNAs is different between serum OA samples and healthy controls. However, we did not find any statistically significant relationship between the miRNAs expression and clinical characteristics.Conclusions: Our findings suggest that miRNAs can be used as potential biomarkers for OA, but further research is needed to assess the usefulness of serum miRNAs in miRNA-based prognostic and therapeutic approaches.
Development and study of perspective clinical properties of biologically active matrix composed of decellularized lyophilized human amniotic membrane in combination with platelet-derived growth factors and hyaluronic acid
Authors: Vyshnevska H. O. , Kakabadze Z. Sh. , Schnayder S. A. , Tiron O. I. , Dzygal O. F.
Published: February 2021

Nowadays the development of novel biomaterials which would promote tissue lesions regeneration is one of the crucial tasks of regenerative medicine. In the current research we developed a biological active membrane composed of decellularized, lyophilized human amniotic membrane in combination with growth factors of platelet-rich plasma (PRP) and hyaluronic acid. On the basis of histological examination, scanning electron microscopic examination and DNA content analyses it was drawn a conclusion that Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate (SDS) (Sigma) solution and 1% Triton X-100 solution completely remove all existing cells of placenta and chorionic-amniotic membrane without impairment of their structure. After the processes of decellularization and lyophilization the DNA content was less than 2%. The PRP growth factors as the components biological matrix provide faster regeneration. The latter are fixed on the surface of cellular structure of decellularized, lyophilized human amniotic membrane by the reservoir of gelatinous hyaluronic acid
Research of effects by donators nitrogen of oxygen in complex therapy during experimental peritonitis
Authors: Savytskyi I. V. , Tsypoviaz S. V. , Lenik R. G. , Bilash O. V. , Zashchuk R. H. , Miastkivska I. V.
Published: February 2021

The research was conducted on 175 white rats of reproductive age (3 months), weight of animals - 180-220 g. Animals were divided into 4 groups:Group 1 - 20 intact animals. Group 2 - 50 rats with simulated fecal peritonitis.Group 3 - 50 rats with simulated fecal peritonitis with subsequent antibiotic correction and debridement by chlorhexidine solution. Group 4 - 50 rats with simulated fecal peritonitis with subsequent antibiotic correction, chlorhexidine debridement and endothelial dysfunction  correction with the use of a nitric oxide donor.Fecal peritonitis was modeled using injection of 10% fecal suspension in a dose of 0.5 ml per100 gof animal weight in the abdominal cavity of laboratory animals by puncture method (Lazarenko V.A., et al., 2016, patent No. 233826).The following results were obtained.Histologically confirmed the development of experimental peritonitis in all groups of the experiment. In the group №2 on the third day the deterioration of the studied structures was established. In the group in which the experimental peritonitis was corrected by antibiotic therapy and chlorhexidine remediation, the effectiveness of the correction was morphologically proven. In group 4, macroscopic and microscopic examinations of the intestine, liver, and abdomen did not reveal significant differences from the histological picture we observed in rats of the intact group.
Study of vasodilation processes
Authors: Sirman Ya. V. , Savytskyi I. V.
Published: February 2021

To date, the key role of endothelial dysfunction in the occurrence and progression of diabetes mellitus and diabetic retinopathy has been proven. The study was performed on white Wistar rats weighing 180-200 g. According to the tasks, the animals were divided into 7 groups. Our results indicate a violation of vasodilation on the 30th day of experimental diabetic retinopathy with subsequent progression of pathological changes on the 60th and 180th day of the study, as evidenced by a decrease in the content of S-nitrosothiols in group 2 (p <0,001 ), most pronounced in the 3rd stage. When analyzing the data of group № 3, it was found that the correction of the pathological condition with the help of hypoglycemic agents has some positive effect, but does not allow to significantly adjust the pathological development of reduced vasodilatory potential. The results of the 4th group indicate that the involvement of nitric oxide donor and aflibercept in the correction of diabetic retinopathy corrects the pathological changes and helps to restore the physiological pathway of nitric oxide synthesis and vascular tone, the maximum effect is observed on the 180th day of the experiment, but normative cannot be achieved. It is observed that the correction of the simulated pathological condition by reducing hyperglycemia, administration of aflibercept and bromfenac (group № 5) gives positive results in the first stage, but less pronounced than involvement in the complex correction of L-arginine solution in subsequent stages. It was found that rats in which diabetic retinopathy was simulated with subsequent correction of hyperglycemia, administration of aflibercept, L-carnitine and bromfenac (group № 6) have a pronounced tendency to normalize the studied marker of hypoxia in comparison with the previous methods in the second stage. nitrosothiols at the time of reaching the 3rd stage is reduced. The obtained data suggest that the method of correction chosen in group 7 (correction of hyperglycemia, aflibercept, L-arginine and citicoline solution) more pronouncedly normalizes the content of the vasodilation marker compared to other groups of our experiment, which is pronounced in long-term correction - on 180th day.
The significance of solute carrier group of genes in the pathogenesis and treatment of diabetic microvascular complications
Authors: Singh K. , Yuzvenko T.
Published: February 2021

Aim- To study the impact of the solute carrier group of genes on the mechanisms involved in hyperglycemia induced tissue damage and its implication on the treatment of diabetic microvascular complications.Introduction – the estimated figure of people suffering from diabetes worldwide in 2019 was 9.3% (463 million people) and the projected estimates for 2030 is an alarming figure of approximately 578 million people [1]. Various pathological processes are responsible for the development of diabetes, the irreversible factor is the destruction of β-cells in the pancreas leading to insulin insufficiency, or other factors such as obesity and abnormal carbohydrate and fat metabolism which leads to insulin resistance and diminished tissue response to insulin. Defects in insulin secretion and insulin action frequently coexist in diabetics [2].The damaging effects of hyperglycemia are classified into microvascular complications - diabetic retinopathy, neuropathy and nephropathy, and macrovascular complications - coronary artery disease, peripheral artery disease and stroke [3]. The effects of hyperglycemia are not seen in all cells of the body, but are distinct only in certain types of cells: neurons and Schwann cells in peripheral nerves, capillary endothelial cells, mesengeal cells in the renal glomerulus due to their inability to effectively maintain a constant level of glucose, in contrast most cells are able to reduce the transport of glucose when exposed to hyperglycemia [4, 5, 6].
Organization of sorting and surgery of wounds with soft tissue defects during the joint force surgery
Authors: Khomenko I. P. , Lurin I. A. , Korol S. O. , Shapovalov V. Yu. , Hrebennikov K. O. , Halushka A. M. , Tertyshnyi S. V. , Matviichuk B. V.
Published: February 2021

Introduction. The experience of providing medical care during the Anti-terrorist operation in eastern Ukraine showed that in the structure of modern combat surgical trauma gunshot wounds with soft tissue defects are between 64.9-68.2%, of which 36.4-37.5% are small and medium, 28.5-30.7% are large and very large defects.Aim: To improve the results of providing surgical care to the wounded with soft tissue defects by introducing a variety of surgical tactics of wound closure to the medical care levels.Material and Methods. The total array of the study was 2537 wounded with shrapnel, bullet and mine injuries from April 2014 to September 2018. The determination of surgical tactics for closing soft tissue defects was performed at the basis of metric classification taking into account the area, volume and anatomical areas of the lesion.Results. The combination of metric characteristics of wound defects by area, volume with localization of wounds in a single classification allowed the offer of a comprehensive approach to sorting the wounded at the level of medical care and to determine further surgical tactics to close soft tissue defects. In accordance with the sorting and evacuation purposes, the wounded with gunshot wounds to the foot and hand (third zone of injury) were treated in specialised centres to the fourth level of medical care. In the case of medium and large wounds of the thigh, leg, shoulder and forearm, medical care was provided at the second and third levels. And in the case of large and very large wounds of the specified localisation was provided in specialised clinics of the fourth level.Conclusions. The introduction of differentiated surgical tactics in the wounded with soft tissue defects at the levels of medical care has improved functional results: increase the proportion of good from 46.9% to 53.7%, reduce the relative number of unsatisfactory from 18.8% to 11, 6%.
Effect of environmental pollution on indicators of humoral immunity in patients with neonatal sepsis
Authors: Vlasova Olena Vasylivna , Hrytsiuk Mariana Ivanivna
Published: February 2021

The problem of an unfavorable impact of environmental factors on the population's health is becoming significantly important every year and is being actively discussed by leading experts around the world. Therefore, the aim of the study was to determine the indicators of humoral immunity in 260 newborns with neonatal sepsis under different conditions of environmental pollution of their parents' residence. There was a bigger part of prematurely born children among patients with neonatal sepsis living in polluted areas.  The level of immunoglobulins A, M, G in the blood serum of a group of children whose parents lived in polluted areas were established to be significantly lower than in newborns whose parents lived in clean areas. Patients with neonatal sepsis whose parents lived in polluted areas of the city had significantly lower indicators of immunoglobulin levels in blood serum than children whose parents lived in rural areas.
Changes of lipid oxidation products content in ventricles of the rat heart as a result of electrolyte-steroid cardiomyopathy and correction of this condition
Authors: Sverediuk Yu. A. , Pelykh V. Ye.
Published: February 2021

Cardiovascular disease is one of the leading causes of death in the world. One of such pathologies is metabolic cardiomyopathy. This pathology includes dysfunction of amino acids, lipids, mitochondria, and disease of products accumulation. Conditions that can cause such changes include congenital and acquired hormone levels. A good example is the long-term use of dexamethasone for the treatment of patients with allergies or rheumatology diseases. Electrolyte disturbances are often a concomitant consequence of disease or lifestyle. They also contribute to heart damage under these conditions. Cell damage often begins with damage to cell lipid membranes and is accompanied by accumulation of lipid peroxidation products. The purpose of our study was to investigate diene, triene conjugates and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances levels in the animal ventriculs heart tissue of both sex in conditions of long-term action of dexamethasone and high concentration (4%) solution of sodium chloride in drink water. L-carnitine, as an antioxidant and having the ability to influence to energetic metabolism, apoptosis and transcription of DNA may be a promising means for correction disorders. The experiment was performed with the use of 96 mature white nonlinear rats. Dexamethasone with long-term use promotes the accumulation of diene, triene conjugates and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (malondialdehyde is main) in the ventricular myocardium of rats of both sexes, more in animals with high content (4%) of NaCl in drinking water, and in males, compared with females. L-carnitine has the ability to significantly offset the negative effects of dexamethasone on the content of lipoperoxidation products in the ventricular myocardium of rats of both sexes, including against the background of increased salt content in drinking water.