bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Acute Psychosis Associated with Septo-Optic Dysplasia (De Morsier Syndrome)
Authors: Goyal Dharmendra K , Singal Ashish , Goyal Amandeep , Sandhu Gauravjot
Published: January 2019

Background: Septo-optic dysplasia (SOD), a variable combination of abnormalities of cerebral midline structures, is a clinically heterogeneous syndrome. Psychiatric symptoms in SOD were implicated in one case due to abnormal regulation of neuroendocrine structures.Objective: Discussion of a case of SOD associated with psychosis and depression, exploring the role of anatomical and endocrine abnormalities in producing psychiatric symptoms.Methods: Literature was reviewed on the PubMed, Medline, and Web of Science. One case of SOD with psychosis was reported in 2008.Conclusions: Disruption of complex neural pathways, including the septum pellucidum and other limbic structures may have been involved in the psychiatric disturbances in this case. Further reporting of similar cases is needed for more understanding of these associations.
Estimación del impacto económico de los Juegos Panamericanos Guadalajara 2011: análisis de insumo-producto
Authors: Avalos Antonio
Published: January 2019

Empleando un análisis de insumo-producto, el estudio estima el impacto económico de corto plazo que los Juegos Panamericanos producirán en la economía del estado de Jalisco en 2011. El estudio utiliza el método RAS para actualizar y estimar la matriz de insumo-producto del estado a partir de la matriz de insumo-producto nacional. Los resultados muestran que el impacto acumulado de la inversión en los Juegos en el PIB del estado desde 2007 es de cerca del 5 por ciento, mientras que el número total de empleos generados en el 2011 ascenderá a cerca de 50,000. La estimación también muestra que las industrias de la construcción y el comercio experimentarán beneficios substanciales. Se concluye que la inversión realizada para el evento ha contribuido a suavizar los efectos de la recesión mundial y ha contribuido a la recuperación económica de Jalisco.
Nursing: An evolutionary concept analysis
Authors: Raiesifar Afsaneh , Parvizy Soroor , Bozorgzad Parisa , Poortaghi Sarieh , Davoudi Nayereh , Masoumi Masoumeh
Published: January 2019

Background & Aim: Mo‍re clarification of the concept of nursing helps to review policies, standards, codes of ethics, professional values and nursing roles. The purpose of this study was to analyze nursing concept using Rodgers evolutionary method.
Materials & Methods: With employing a rigorous evolutionary concept analysis approach, the concept of nursing was examined. After an extensive search, about 6706 articles were found; 43 articles and 6 related books published in English from 1980 were reviewed vigorously. Then data about the nursing concept was analyzed using evolutionary concept analysis approach.
Results: The definition of attributes, antecedents, as well as consequences of nursing was performed through concept analysis. Core attributes (the goal of nursing, nursing scope, dimensions, practice and interventions, roles, audience, and professional values) were studied. The antecedents of nursing include getting a degree and nursing qualification, standards, and ethical codes. In addition, it led to health promotion. Care was an interchangeable concept of nursing. Missed and individualized nursing care, advanced nursing practice, holism and health improvement were obtained as nursing related concepts.
Conclusion: Recognition of main attributes boundaries and professional differences in health care context prevents perplexity in nursing and leads to professional development and self-confidence.
Otimização Multiobjetivo para Controle Robusto Aplicado a Inversores Conectados à Rede
Authors: Osório Caio R. D. , Koch Gustavo G. , Cleveston Iury , Borin Lucas C. , Dupont Fabrício H. , Oliveira Ricardo C. L. F. , Montagner Vinícius F.
Published: January 2019

Este artigo propõe um novo procedimento de projeto para controladores por realimentação de estados com aplicação prática em inversores conectados à rede, levando a resultados em conformidade com a norma IEEE 1547, inclusive para o caso de implementação utilizando um número reduzido de sensores. O procedimento baseia-se na otimização de objetivos considerando estabilidade, erro de rastreamento e atenuação de distúrbios. Um algoritmo genético é utilizado para buscar, orientado por modelos simples, os ganhos de controle, levando a um conjunto de soluções viáveis (fronteira de Pareto). O ganho de controle escolhido possui estabilidade robusta contra incertezas e variações paramétricas, certificada por meio de análise baseada em desigualdades matriciais lineares. Restrições no espaço de busca permitem encontrar, de forma automática, ganhos por realimentação total ou parcial de estados, superando limitações de desigualdades matriciais de sínteses e levando a resultados experimentais de boa qualidade, o que torna este procedimento uma alternativa útil no projeto de controladores robustos para conversores de potência.
Los niños del pueblo originario en el sureste mexicano y la educación intercultural bilingüe
Authors: Carpio-Ovando Karla Del
Published: January 2019

En este artículo describimos la situación actual de algunos programas bilingües implementados en regiones habitadas por pueblos originarios en México. Asimismo se discuten las deficiencias y las graves consecuencias que dichos programas han tenido en los pueblos originarios al igual que en sus lenguas y culturas. En este texto se enfatiza la importancia, el valor y la urgencia de otorgar una educación intercultural bilingüe de calidad a los niños indígenas mexicanos es por ello que en el presente se proporcionan las características de verdaderos programas bilingües y se compara el tipo de educación bilingüe implementada a niños indígenas mexicanos con el programa de inmersión canadiense (o mejor conocido como programa de inmersión en francés) por ser un modelo educativo que podría usarse y adaptarse al contexto de México.

Palavras-chave

Educación bilingüe. Educación indígena. Niños. México.

 

Bilingual Education in the Mexican Context: Indigenous Children’s Reality

Abstract

This article describes the current situation of some bilingual programs implemented in regions inhabited by indigenous peoples in Mexico. Also, the deficiencies and the negative effects that these programs have had on indigenous communities, their languages and cultures are mentioned. On the other hand, the importance, the value and the urgency to implement quality intercultural bilingual education for Mexican indigenous children are also emphasized. This work underlines some of the key characteristics that bilingual programs need to have. In addition, the type of bilingual education Mexican indigenous children have received is compared to Canadian Immersion Programs (better known as French Immersion Programs) since some aspects of this model could be used and adapted to bilingual education in Mexico.

Keywords

Bilingual education. Indigenous education. Mexico.
Programa Mais Educação e PNE: o representativo caso de Minas Gerais
Authors: Ramalho Bárbara Bruna Moreira , Leite Lúcia Helena Alvarez , Gomes Mariana Marilack
Published: January 2019

Até o ano de 2016, o Programa Mais Educação (PME) subsidiava o desenvolvimento de atividades de educação integral nos estados e municípios brasileiros. Considerando-se a quase uma década de vigência do Programa e a proposição, em 2014, da meta de atendimento de 50% das escolas públicas e de 25% de seus estudantes em tempo integral no Brasil no Plano Nacional de Educação (PNE 2014-2024), objetiva-se apresentar neste artigo um retrato da incidência do PME nas escolas públicas estaduais e municipais de ensino fundamental do estado de Minas Gerais no primeiro ano de vigência do PNE. Embora tenha alcançado êxito no que tange à ampliação de atendimento em oito dos seus nove anos de vigência, observa-se atualmente uma queda nas matrículas na educação integral. Uma realidade que pode se agravar a partir da reformulação do Programa, que passou, em 2016, a denominar-se Novo Mais Educação (PNME).

Palavras-chave

Educação integral. Programa Mais Educação. Programa Novo Mais Educação. Plano Nacional de Educação.

 

The More Education Program and the PNE: The Representative Case of Minas Gerais

Abstract

Until 2016, the More Education Program (Programa Mais Educação - PME) supported full-time education activities in Brazilian states and municipalities. The program has been in place for nearly a decade and, in 2014, the National Education Plan (PNE 2014-2024) proposed to make fulltime education available for 50% of public schools and 25% of their students in Brazil. In the light of these facts, the present article aims to present a portrait of the PME’s incidence in public state and municipal schools in the state of Minas Gerais for the first year that the PNE has been in place. Although it was successful with regards to expanding offer for eight of its nine years in place, today there is a decrease in full-time education enrollments. This situation can be aggravated by the reformulation of the program, which was renamed the New More Education Program (Programa Novo Mais Educação - PNME) in 2016.

Keywords

Full-time education. More Education Program (Programa Mais Educação). New More Education Program (Programa Novo Mais Educação). National Education Plan.
Editorial
Authors: Buarque de Gusmão Joana , Souza de Alencar Edvonete
Published: January 2019

Educação matemática é o tema do especial deste número da Cadernos Cenpec. A aprendizagem da matemática é um grande desafio para o país: na edição da Prova Brasil de 2015, apenas 39% dos alunos aprenderam o adequado na competência de resolução de problemas no 5º ano e 14% no 9º ano. Os artigos aqui reunidos lançam luzes sobre o ensino dessa disciplina: englobam levantamentos de pesquisas produzidas na área, propostas para o currículo escolar, pesquisas com foco em professores e equipe pedagógica e formação inicial e continuada de educadores. No primeiro artigo, “Colaboração: uma ação para legitimar as pesquisas da própria prática de professores de matemática”, Patrícia Sandalo Pereira, Edinalva Teixeira da Cruz Sakai e Kely Fabrícia Pereira Nogueira analisam as dissertações e teses centradas no professor que ensina matemática produzidas entre 2001 e 2016 no âmbito dos programas de pós-graduação stricto sensu das áreas de Educação e Ensino da Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (Capes). As autoras traçaram uma síntese da estrutura teórico-metodológica que sustenta as pesquisas que se baseiam na prática do próprio pesquisador e na colaboração como uma das ações para a legitimação do processo investigativo. Elas indicam que, apesar de o termo “própria prática” estar presente nas pesquisas, ainda são poucas as produções nas quais as ações para a legitimação do processo configuram-se como colaboração.
Colaboração: uma ação para legitimar as pesquisas da própria prática de professores de matemática
Authors: Sandalo Pereira Patrícia , Teixeira da Cruz Sakai Edinalva , Fabrícia Pereira Nogueira Kely
Published: January 2019

Este artigo tem como objetivo apresentar uma síntese da estrutura teórico-metodológica que sustenta as dissertações e as teses produzidas entre 2001 e 2016, envolvendo a pesquisa da própria prática, e que possuem a colaboração como uma das ações para a legitimação do processo investigativo. O caminhar metodológico possui características da pesquisa colaborativa, com o subsídio dos estudos bibliográficos. A análise dos dados revelou que, embora o termo “própria prática” esteja presente nas pesquisas, ainda são poucas as produções nas quais as ações para a legitimação do processo configuram-se como colaboração.

Palavras-chave

Educação matemática. Pesquisa da própria prática. Colaboração.

 

Collaboration: An Action to Legitimize Research by Mathematics Teachers on Their Own Practice

Abstract

This article aims to summarize the theoretical and methodological framework of dissertations and theses produced between 2001 and 2016 which involve research of own practice and include collaboration as one of the actions that legitimize the investigation process. Our methodological approach has characteristics of collaborative research and relies on of bibliographic studies. By analyzing data, we found that although the term “own practice” appears in research, few studies actually use collaboration as an action to legitimize the process.

Keywords

Mathematics education. Own practice research. Collaboration.

 

Colaboración: una acción para legitimar las investigaciones de la propia práctica de los profesores de matemáticas

Resumen

Este artículo tiene como objetivo presentar una síntesis de la estructura teórico-metodológica que fundamenta las disertaciones y las tesis producidas entre 2001 y 2016, relacionadas con la investigación de la propia práctica, en las cuales la colaboración se constituye como una de las acciones para legitimar el proceso investigativo. El caminar metodológico tiene características de la investigación colaborativa, con el auxilio de los estudios bibliográficos. El análisis de los datos reveló que, aunque el término «propia práctica» esté presente en las investigaciones, aún hay pocas producciones en las que las acciones para legitimar el proceso se configuren como colaboración.

Palabras clave

Educación matemática. Investigación de la propia práctica. Colaboración.
Alfabetización estadística y probabilística: primeros pasos para su desarrollo desde la Educación Infantil
Authors: Vásquez Ortiz Claudia , Díaz-Levicoy Danilo , Coronata Claudia , Alsina Ángel
Published: January 2019

Resumen

En este trabajo indagamos sobre las ideas fundamentales vinculadas a alfabetización estadística y probabilística que se pueden desarrollar desde la Educación Infantil. Para ello, analizamos las expectativas de aprendizaje explícitas en las directrices curriculares americanas y chilenas para dicho nivel educativo, las cuales se contrastan con los componentes cognitivos y de disposición presentes en el modelo de alfabetización estadística y probabilística. Asimismo, se ejemplifican diferentes situaciones para el desarrollo de la alfabetización estadística y probabilística en las primeras edades, como una forma de iniciar a los niños en el pensamiento crítico. Finalizamos con algunas orientaciones que pueden servir de apoyo a la formación del profesorado.

Palabras clave

Educación estadística. Formación del profesorado. Enseñanza preescolar.

 

Statistical and Probabilistic Literacy: First Steps to Developing It from Early Childhood Education

Abstract

This study explores the fundamental ideas linked to statistical and probabilistic literacy which can be developed since early childhood education. To that end, we analyze the explicit learning expectations found in the American and Chilean curricular guidelines for this level and compared them with the cognitive and disposition components described in the statistical and probabilistic literacy model. Likewise, we provide examples of different contexts for developing statistical and probabilistic literacy at youngest school ages, as a way of initiating children into critical thinking. Finally, the study offers some guidelines that can be used to support teacher education.

Keywords

Statistical education. Continuing education. Infant Education.

 

Alfabetização estatística e probabilística: primeiros passos para o desenvolvimento desde a educação infantil

Resumo

Neste trabalho, indagamos sobre as ideias fundamentais ligadas à alfabetização estatística e probabilística que podem ser desenvolvidas desde a educação infantil. Para isso, analisamos as expectativas de aprendizado explícitas nas diretrizes curriculares americanas e chilenas para o referido nível educativo, as quais contrastam com os componentes cognitivos e de disposição presentes no modelo de alfabetização estatística e probabilística. Além disso, são exemplificadas diferentes situações para o desenvolvimento da alfabetização estatística e probabilística nas primeiras idades, como uma maneira de iniciar as crianças no pensamento crítico. Concluímos com algumas orientações que podem servir de apoio para a formação de professores.

Palavras-chave

Educação estatística. Formação de professores. Educação infantil.
CARACTERIZA��O DA PESCA ARTESANAL NO MUNIC�PIO DE PORTO DO MANGUE � RN, BRASIL (Col�nia de Pescadores Z-17)
Authors: Soares Danyela Carla Elias
Published: January 2019

O conhecimento da frota pesqueira de um munic�pio � de fundamental import�ncia para o gerenciamento do setor. Diante disso, o objetivo deste trabalho foi caracterizar a frota pesqueira artesanal da Col�nia de pescadores (Z-17) do munic�pio de Porto do Mangue no Rio Grande do Norte, descrevendo as embarca��es utilizadas segundo a denomina��o local e identificando os petrechos de pesca utilizados assim como as principais esp�cies capturadas pela atividade pesqueira artesanal do munic�pio. A pesca artesanal do Munic�pio de Porto do Mangue apresenta uma frota pesqueira constitu�da predominantemente por canoas a vela ou remo, que atuam, sobretudo na regi�o estuarina, seguidas dos botes a vela e/ou motorizados, que operam principalmente na regi�o costeira. S�o, na maioria das vezes, constru�das pelos pr�prios pescadores com material de madeira. As esp�cies alvo capturadas s�o geralmente esp�cies de baixo valor comercial, sendo os peixes vermelhos as esp�cies que contribuem com o maior volume de produ��o. O camar�o representa, em volume de produ��o, a segunda esp�cie mais importante da regi�o. Outra esp�cie da regi�o que representa um importante recurso econ�mico � a tainha. A frota pesqueira do munic�pio n�o � t�o diversificada se comparada a outras regi�es. As artes de pesca mais utilizadas no munic�pio s�o a rede de arrasto com porta, a linha de currico, a linha de fundo e a ca�oeira. Quando ao produto final, o pescado � armazenado em caixas de isopor com gelo e a fauna acompanhante devolvida ao mar, viva ou morta ou desembarcada quando possuir interesse econ�mico ou tamanho de comercializa��o.
Cálculo de un indicador de calidad de vida básico para Bogotá por secciones censales mediante análisis factorial
Authors: Garcia Garcia Diva Marcela , Mayorga Henao José Mario , Barrera Gutiérrez Rafael Andrés
Published: January 2019

El artículo tiene como objetivo calcular y espacializar un indicador de calidad de vida básico por secciones censales para Bogotá, según la información disponible del censo del año 2005. Para ello se utiliza un análisis factorial para establecer un índice que agregue las variables seleccionadas y un análisis espacial que permita definir si existe una correlación espacial del índice. Lo anterior se enmarca en una reflexión sobre los indicadores para medir la calidad de vida y la importancia de su espacialización en una escala que permita entender patrones de diferenciación de los grupos sociales en el espacio urbano. Como hallazgos, se identifican agrupaciones de baja calidad de vida que superan el ámbito de la localidad, y en otros casos, se registra amplia diversidad al interior de dicha entidad.
Estimación de Trayectorias de Crecimiento Poblacional en Colombia a Partir de Imágenes Satelitales Nocturnas DMSP-OLS
Authors: Rodríguez Mariaca Diego Alejandro , Hernández Torres Francisco Luis
Published: January 2019

Las imágenes nocturnas se han empleado desde la década de los 90, permitiendo estudiar dinámicas de asentamientos urbanos. La generación de censos poblacionales regularmente es un proceso costoso, por ende no pueden ser replicados constantemente. Por esta razón se presenta como alternativa el uso de imágenes DMSP-OLS para determinar las trayectorias de crecimiento poblacional de las cuatro principales ciudades colombianas. Dichas trayectorias fueron estimadas a partir de los valores digitales de píxel de las imágenes antes y después de la calibración temporal, así como con los datos de la radiancia relativa. Las estimaciones de Cali y Barranquilla resultaron cercanas a las trayectorias de crecimiento poblacional proyectadas por el DANE para el año 2005, por el contrario, los datos en Bogotá y Medellín presentaron distorsiones que sobreestimaron los tamaños poblacionales. Los hallazgos reafirman el potencial de dichas imágenes para monitorear las dinámicas poblacionales en Colombia.
Identificación de áreas potenciales para beneficios múltiples del bosque en el pacífico colombiano: una propuesta metodológica empleando SIG
Authors: Prieto Salamanca Daniel Esteban , Olarte Riaño José Ricardo
Published: January 2019

En este artículo se propone una metodología utilizando sistemas de información geográfica, para la identificación de áreas potenciales para beneficios múltiples del bosque; aplicándose al caso de estudio del Pacífico colombiano. Se construye a partir de la superposición de coberturas que integran la voluntad político-social, con aspectos naturales del bosque, generando así un modelo SIG replicable en distintas zonas del país con condiciones similares. Esto permite facilitar la ejecución de políticas ambientales, en particular las relacionadas con la conservación de los ecosistemas.
JuanGa/Aguilera: una figuración "queer" del "homosexual" en América Latina = JuanGa/Aguilera: A Queer Figuration of the “Homosexual” in Latin America
Authors: Díaz Calderón Julio César
Published: January 2019

Resumen. Este artículo presenta un estudio de las figuraciones del “homosexual” en América Latina. Se inspira en el trabajo de Cynthia Weber sobre teoría queer en Relaciones In­ternacionales y en el análisis latinoamericano queer de Carlos Figari. Se propone una manera plural de contestar a tres interrogantes: ¿quién es el “homosexual” en América Latina?, ¿qué es el Estado-nación moderno que se presupone “soberano”? y ¿cómo el “homosexual” participa en la construcción del Estado-nación “soberano”? Las dos primeras preguntas no se contestan, pero se explora su potencial para los estudios “queer” y de Relaciones Internacionales.Para contestar la tercera pregunta se introduce una figuración plural del “homosexual” que rompe con la dicotomía entre normal y perverso en el contexto latinoamericano: Juan­Ga/Aguilera. Se justifica por qué JuanGa/Aguilera crea un Estado-nación soberano plural que complica (quizá hasta hace imposibles) las nociones tradicionales dicotómicas de soberanía. Se utiliza este resultado para dar una serie de perspectivas de investigación que abre el en­tendimiento de las figuraciones plurales como hombre soberano, tanto en los estudios lati­noamericanos de teoría queer como en los de Relaciones Internacionales.Palabras clave: Queer, Relaciones Internacionales, sexualidad, homosexualidad, sober­anía, política internacional.Abstract. This article presents a study about Latin American figurations of the “homo­sexual”. It was inspired by the work of Cynthia Weber in Queer International Relations (Queer IR) and the Latin American Queer analysis of Carlos Figari. It proposes a new pluralistic way to answer to three interrogatives: who is the “homosexual” in Latin America?, what is the modern nation-state that is assumed to be “sovereign”? and, how does the “homosexual” participates in the construction of the “sovereign” nation-state? The first two questions are not answered, rather they are explored for their potential to produce new insights to Queer and IR theories.To answer the third question, it will be introduced a new plural figuration of the “homo­sexual” that breaks apart with the either normal or perverse dichotomy: JuanGa/Aguilera. It is justified why JuanGa/Aguilera creates a plural “sovereign” nation state that makes more difficult (even impossible) to sustain traditional binary understandings of sovereign. This last result will be used to give new research possibilities that can be achieved in Latin American Queer Studies and International Relations through the understanding of plural figurations of sovereign man.Keywords: queer, International Relations, sexuality, homosexuality, sovereignty, inter­national politics.
Las primeras mujeres de letras en España: disidencia, aceptación y olvido = The first women of letters in Spain: disidency, acceptance and forgetfulness
Authors: Velasco Molpeceres Ana María
Published: January 2019

Resumen. El objetivo de este trabajo es el estudio del rol de las primeras autoras de España. La lista de escritoras que desarrollaron una obra que fue publicada, leída y admirada (así como también cuestionada) es extensa; pero sus nombres han caído en el olvido. Entre la Antigüedad y el siglo XVI, las mujeres de letras desafiaron las convenciones asociadas a su sexo aunque también se inscribieron en una nueva sociedad que permitió su admiración, a menudo desde el escepticismo. Este texto pretende recuperar a estas escritoras marginales, en el pasado y sobre todo en el presente. Para ello se propone hacer un recorrido biobibliográfico por las primeras autoras españolas y un análisis del contexto histórico en que desarrollaron su labor. Acercarse a las mujeres autoras es un tema interesante porque tradicionalmente, e in­cluso hoy, se ha cuestionado la capacidad intelectual femenina. Pero el debate sobre el papel de la mujer en la sociedad y acerca de su educación viene igualmente de lejos. En particular, desde la Baja Edad Media, un nuevo sentir cristiano que fomenta la devoción mariana y la cultura de los trovadores y el amor cortés abrieron nuevos caminos para las féminas. El objetivo de este trabajo es estudiar estos fenómenos, y sus ejemplos más destacados, en la España cristiana.Palabras clave: Escritoras, España, Historia de las mujeres, Historia de la literatura.Abstract. The aim of this work is to study the role of Spain’s first female authors. The list of writers who developed a work that was published, read and admired (as well as questioned) is extensive; but their names have fallen into oblivion. Between Antiquity and the 16th century, women of letters defied the conventions associated with their sex although they also joined a new society that allowed their admiration, often from skepticism. This text tries to recover these marginal writers, in the past and especially in the present. In order to do so, it is pro­posed to make a biobibliographical journey through the first Spanish authors and an analysis of the historical context in which they developed their work. Approaching women authors is an interesting subject because traditionally, and even today, the intellectual capacity of women has been questioned. But the debate about the role of women in society and about their educa­tion also comes from afar. In particular, since the Late Middle Ages, a new Christian sentiment that fosters Marian devotion and the culture of troubadours and courteous love opened new paths for women. The aim of this work is to study these phenomena, and their most prominent examples, in Christian Spain.Keywords: Women writers, Spain, History of women, History of literature.
Sexo, identidad y hermafroditas en el mundo ibérico, 1500-1800.
Authors: Seoane Cegarra José Benito
Published: January 2019

Este artículo reseña:  Vázquez García, Francisco y Cleminson, Ri­chard: “Sexo, identidad y hermafroditas en el mundo ibérico, 1500-1800”. Madrid: Cátedra, His­toria/Serie Menor, 2018. 297 páginas
Aktivitas Penghambatan Ekstrak Etanol Daun Cassia Spectabilis Terhadap Pertumbuhan Plasmodium falciparum dan Plasmodium berghei
Authors: Ekasari Wiwied , Tresiana Nindya , Iryani Suciati , Wahyuni Tutik Sri , Arwaty Heny
Published: January 2019

Background: Antimalarial screening against nine species of the genus Cassia showed that the methanol extract of leaves Cassia spectabilis have the highest activity. Since it will be used as a traditional medicine, hence it is needed further studies of antimalarial activity of these plants by choosing a safer solvent, namely ethanol. Objective: In vitro anti-malarial activity against Plasmodium falciparum was conducted using the method of Trager and Jensen. Methods: The serial solution tested were: 100, 10, 1,  0.1 and 0.01 µg/ mL, while the in vivo test was performed based on Peter’s test (The days suppressive test) that using P. berghei (strain ANKA) infected mice. Results: The results showed that ethanolic extract of C. spectabilis leaves has inhibitory activity against P. falciparum with IC50 value of 12.52 µg/ mL and against P. berghei with ED50 value of 131.5 mg/kg body weight. Conclusions: A further study to see the potential of ethanol extract from C. Spectabilis leaves as anti-malaria is warranted.
Karakterisasi Self-Nanoemulsifying Drug Delivery System (SNEDDS) Minyak Buah Merah (Pandanus conoideus Lam.)
Authors: Huda Nurul , Wahyuningsih Iis
Published: January 2019

Pendahuluan: Kanker payudara di Indonesia menempati posisi kedua yang banyak diderita khususnya oleh kaum wanita setelah kanker serviks. Salah satu penemuan obat baru yang berasal dari bahan alam yang menunjukkan efek farmakologis dalam mengatasi kanker adalah Minyak Buah Merah (Pandanus conoideus Lam.). Minyak Buah Merah mengandung banyak senyawa antioksidan yang membantu proses penyembuhan penyakit kanker dengan mencegah dan menekan perkembangan sel-sel kanker. Namun, pemberian Minyak Buah Merah secara langsung per oral tidak acceptable sehingga diperlukan pengembangan sistem penghantaran seperti SNEDSS (Self-Nanoemulsifying Drug Delivery System). Tujuan: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendapatkan karakteristik SNEDDS pada Minyak Buah Merah. Metode: Untuk mendapatkan karakter SNEDDS yang baik perlu dicari perbandingan minyak, surfaktan dan ko-surfaktan yang sesuai. Dibuat 4 formula dengan variasi perbandingan Minyak Buah Merah, tween 80, propilen glikol pada formula 1 (9:62:29), formula 2 (9:68:23), formula 3 (11:64:25) dan formula 4 (12:65:23). Selanjutnya SNEDDS dibuat dengan mencampur ketiga komponen tersebut. Kemudian keempat formula ditentukan % Transmitan, waktu emulsifikasi dan nilai IC50 untuk menilai karakter SNEDDS yang baik. Hasil: Hasil dari penelitian diperoleh %Transmitan dari 4 formula berturut-turut yaitu 99,21%; 99,34%; 98,69% dan 98,27%. Hasil yang diperoleh untuk waktu emulsifikasi dari 4 formula berturut-turut adalah 16,51; 15,40; 17,64 dan 18,67 detik. Nilai IC50 untuk 4 formula diperoleh hasil berturut-turut sebesar 176,81; 58,99; 6832,02 dan 514,84 µL/mL. Kesimpulan: Dilihat dari hasil pengujian tersebut didapatkan formula yang menghasilkan SNEDDS paling baik yaitu pada formula 2 karena mempunyai %Transmitan paling besar, waktu emulsifikasi paling cepat dan nilai IC50 paling kecil.
Simultaneous Determination Of Sodium Benzoate And Sodium Cyclamate In Soft Drink Using High Performance Liquid Chromatography
Authors: Putra Ariya Wijaya , Darmawati Asri , Mochtar Juniar
Published: January 2019

Background: Sodium benzoate and sodium cyclamate are foods additives generally used as preservative and artificial sweeteners, respectively. Monitoring of sodium benzoate and sodium cyclamate need appropriate analytical method. Objective: The main objective of this study was to gain the optimum conditions for simultaneous determination of sodium benzoate and sodium cyclamate in soft drink by High Performance Liquid Chromatography. Methods: Measurement of the additives was performed in µ-Bondapak RP18 column using methanol:phosphate buffer of pH 4 (42:58) as mobile phase with flow rate of 1 mL/minute. Results: It has shown that correlation coefficients (r) of sodium benzoate and sodium cyclamate was 0.9997 and 0.9991 respectively. Recoveries of the two analyst were acceptable. Conclusions: Five out of nine samples tested contained sodium cyclamate higher than the recommended concentration. All sodium benzoate containing samples were within the recommended concentration.
Efek Serbuk Bunga Rosella Merah (Hibiscus sabdariffa L.) terhadap Ekspresi IL-10 pada Sukarelawan Sehat
Authors: Syahrana Nur Azizah , Akrom Akrom , Darmawan Endang
Published: January 2019

Pendahuluan: Bunga rosella merah (Hibiscus sabdariffa L.) mengandung fenol dan flavonoid antosianin yang memiliki aktivitas sebagai antioksidan dan dapat meningkatkan sistem imun. Tujuan: Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui pengaruh kapsul serbuk bunga rosella terhadap ekspresi IL-10 menggunakan metode pre and post test pada 21 sukarelawan sehat yang memenuhi kriteria inklusi dan bersedia mengisi informed consent. Metode: Relawan diberikan serbuk rosella dalam bentuk kapsul dengan dosis 500 mg selama 30 hari dan dilakukan pemeriksaan IL-10 menggunakan metode flowsitometri pada hari ke-0, 30 dan 45. Hasil dianalisis menggunakan SPSS dengan uji wilcoxon. Hasil: Nilai ekspresi IL-10 pada sukarelawan hari ke 0, ke-30 dan ke-45 adalah 0,42 ± 0,24; 0,83 ± 0,47 dan 1,06 ± 0,67. Hasil ini menunjukkan ekspresi IL-10 bepengaruh pada hari ke-0 ke-30 (p < 0,05) dan ekspresi IL-10 tidak berpengaruh hari ke-30 ke-45 (p > 0,05). Kesimpulan: pemberian kapsul serbuk rosella (Hibiscus sabdariffa L.) dosis 500 mg/hari selama 30 hari meningkatkan ekspresi IL-10, tetapi dalam batas nilai normal pada sukarelawan sehat.
Efek Kapsul Ekstrak Etanol Kelopak Bunga Rosella (Hibiscus sabdariffa L.) terhadap Kadar Bilirubin Sukarelawan Sehat
Authors: Azizah Nur , Darmawan Endang , Nurani Laela Hayu
Published: January 2019

Pendahuluan: Hibiscus sabdariffa adalah salah satu ramuan tradisional yang memiliki banyak manfaat termasuk efek imunostimulan, karena banyak mengandung antioksidan di dalamnya termasuk anthocyanin dan flavonoid. Berdasarkan aktivitasnya pada tes praklinis, H.sabdariffa telah memenuhi syarat untuk melanjutkan ke fase uji klinis. Tujuan: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh kapsul ekstrak etanol kelopak bunga rosella (Hibiscus sabdariffa L.) pada kadar bilirubin  11 sukarelawan sehat  pria dan 10 sukarelawan sehat wanita. Metode: Penelitian ini menggunakan rancangan pre-post treatment. Sukarelawan sehat mengkonsumsi kapsul ekstrak etanol kelopak bunga rosella selama 30 hari dengan dosis 500 mg sekali sehari pada malam hari. Tes Bilirubin dilakukan pada hari ke-0; 31 dan 45, menggunakan metode Jendrassik dan Grof. Hasil dianalisis menggunakan SPSS dengan paired t-test dan uji Wilcoxon. Hasil: Perbandingan nilai rata-rata pada hari ke-0 dan 31, dengan hari ke-31 dan 45, dan perbandingan nilai rata-rata antara hari ke-0 dan ke-45 tidak menunjukkan perbedaan yang signifikan pada kadar bilirubin total dan direct (p > 0,05), sedangkan perbandingan nilai rata-rata untuk kadar bilirubin indirect hari ke-0 dan ke-45 menunjukkan adanya perbedaan yang signifikan (p = 0,05) akan tetapi kadar bilirubin indirect tersebut masih dalam rentang nilai normal. Kesimpulan: Kapsul ekstrak etanol kelopak bunga rosella tidak mempengaruhi kadar bilirubin total, direct dan indirect pada sukarelawan sehat.
Efek Kondisi Lingkungan Kultur terhadap Produksi Amilase Termostabil oleh Bacillus sphaericus AK-1 Tanah Api Kayangan Bojonegoro Jawa Timur
Authors: Poernomo Achmad Toto , Isnaeni Isnaeni
Published: January 2019

Pendahuluan: Produksi amilase telah diteliti menggunakan bakteri yang diisolasi dari tanah Api Kayangan Bojonegoro Jawa Timur. Tujuan: Penelitian ini bertujuan mengisolasi dan identifikasi bakteri dan menggetahui efek kondisi kultur pada aktivitas amilase. Metode: Bakteri dikulturkan pada media yang mengandung pati terlarut sebagai sumber karbon tunggal. Penambahan kalsium (15 mM) atau ekstrak yeast (0,5%) dan pepton (2%) ke media pati terlarut dan mineral akan mengurangi waktu fase lag dan memperpanjang pertumbuhan dan produksi amilase. Pemberian glukosa pada kultur mengurangi produksi amilase, sehingga menunjukkan bahwa efek glukosa berpengaruh pada organisme ini. Hasil: pH media awal dan suhu optimum pada produksi amilase oleh organisme masing-masing 7,0 dan 50°C. Suhu dan pH optimal untuk aktivitas masing-masing 50°C dan 6,0. Larutan  enzim dipertahankan aktivitasnya 100% saat diinkubasi pada suhu 90°C selama satu jam dan 40% pada suhu 60°C selama 24 jam. Kesimpulan: Pemberian glukosa pada kultur akan menurunkan produksi amilase.
Drug Utilization Study of Antibiotics in Bacterial Meningitis (A Retrospective Study in Dr. Soetomo General Hospital, Surabaya, Indonesia)
Authors: Andarsari Mareta Rindang , Hasmono Didik , Samirah Samirah , Suharjono Suharjono , Nabilah Dea Ayu , Sugianto Paulus
Published: January 2019

Background: Meningitis defined as an inflammation of the meninges, a membrane that surrounds the brain. The inflammation is a result from bacterial infection. Central nervous system infection is a medical emergency because of the progressivity and potentially life-threatening. Antibiotics usage become crucial to reduce morbidity and mortality. Objective: This study was aimed to assess the use of antibiotics, prescribed for patients with bacterial meningitis in Neurology Department of Dr. Soetomo General Hospital Surabaya from January 2010 until June 2015. Methods: Retrospective study using medical record of inpatients obtained from January 1st 2010 until June 30th 2015. The inclusion criteria were inpatients with bacterial meningitis (diagnosed by physician using CT scan data, lumbal puncture and clinical signs and symptoms) and prescribed with antibiotics. Patients with antibiotics therapy less than 3 days and infection other than bacterials were excluded. Results: From 85 patients, male to female ratio was 1.66. Meningitis appear to be mostly occured in productive age, 39 (45.88%) in 15 - 29 years old and 40 (47.06%) in 30 - 60 years old. Number of antibiotics prescribed were 130 prescriptions, as single and combination therapy. The most prescribed antibiotic was cephalosporins (97 prescriptions), dominated by 2 g twice daily ceftriaxone with 86 (66.15%) from overall prescriptions. Followed by metronidazole and fluoroquinolons,11 (8.46%) and 8 (6.15%) respectively. In addition, there were 26 prescriptions of combination therapy, mostly ceftriaxone and metronidazole. Conclusion: Bacterial meningitis are mostly treated using ceftriaxone which is an appropriate drug of choice.
Is Bankruptcy Risk Tied to Corporate Life-Cycle? Evidence from Pakistan
Authors: Akbar Ahsan , Akbar Minhas , Tang Wenjin , Qureshi Muhammad Azeem
Published: January 2019

In this paper we analyze the relationship between bankruptcy risk and the corporate life cycle in Pakistan from 2005 to 2014. For this purpose, we run a Hierarchical Linear Mixed Model (HLM) for a sample of 301 non-financial listed firms in 12 different sectors. The empirical outcomes reveal that firms during introduction, growth and, decline stages (mature stage) of life-cycle experience higher (lower) bankruptcy risk. Moreover, in juxtaposition with growth stage, bankruptcy risk is higher at the introduction stage of life-cycle. These findings suggest that financial managers should be cautious about the financial fragility of the firm at each stage of corporate life-cycle. The results also entail that Pakistani firms do not follow a sequential pattern in their life-cycle rather they have the tendency to revert to a previous stage or jump to the next stage of life-cycle. This is the first study that empirically examines the association between firm life-cycle stage and corresponding bankruptcy risk and asserts that managers must incorporate the life-cycle effects into their financial planning and decision making for sustainable working of an enterprise.
Stratied Finite Empirical Bernstein Sampling
Authors: Burgess Mark , Chapman Archie
Published: January 2019

We derive a concentration inequality for the uncertainty in stratied random sampling. Minimising this inequality leads to an iterated online method for choosing samples from the strata. The inequality is versatile and considers a range of factors including: the data ranges, weights, sizes of the strata, as well as the number of samples taken, the estimated sample variances and whether strata are sampled with or without replacement. We evaluate the improvement this method reliably offers against other methods over sets of synthetic data, and also in approximating the Shapley value of cooperative games. The method is seen to be competitive with the performance of perfect Neyman sampling, even without prior information on strata variances. We supply a multidimensional extension of our inequality and discuss some future applications.
One-tube RT-PCR for the Simultaneous Detection and Typing Duck Hepatitis A Virus Subtypes 1 and 3
Authors: Chen Xueming , Chen Yuhuan , Liu Chunguo , Li Xiaojun , Liu Hongyu , Bai Xiaofei , Liu Ming , Zhang Yun
Published: January 2019

The co-circulation of duck hepatitis A virus subtypes 1 (DHAV-1) and 3 (DHAV-3) in ducklings has resulted in significant economic losses. Because ducklings infected with DHAV-1 or DHAV-3 show similar clinical signs and gross lesions, it is important to discriminate these subtypes as early as possible for better clinical management. On the basis of multiple alignments of the 5′-noncoding region sequences of strains DHAV-1 and DHAV-3, universal and type-specific primers were designed and synthesized. Using the primers in a one-tube reverse transcription-PCR (RT-PCR) assay, reference strains of DHAV-1 and DHAV-3 (isolated over a span of 60 years and covering many different countries) were successfully amplified, indicating that the primer sequences were completely conserved. The amplicon sequences results and the sizes of amplicons from reference DHAV-1 and DHAV-3 isolates correlated completely with their genotypes. Moreover, with this one-tube RT-PCR system, the amplicon sizes of liver samples of reference DHAV-1- or DHAV-3-infected birds matched perfectly with their respective genotypes, as determined by virus isolation and neutralization tests. No other RNA viruses of duck origin were detected with the synthesized primers. The sensitivity of viral RNA detection was 10 pg. With this system, 20% genotype 1, 45% genotype 3, and 9% co-infection of the two genotypes were detected in 55 clinical samples. This novel approach could be used for the rapid genotyping DHAV-1 and/or DHAV-3 infection in routine clinical surveillance or epidemiologic screening.
The Efficient Application of an Impulse Source Wavemaker to CFD Simulations
Authors: Schmitt Pál , Windt Christian , Davidson Josh , Ringwood John V. , Whittaker Trevor
Published: January 2019

Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) simulations, based on Reynolds Averaged Navier Stokes (RANS) models, are a useful tool for a wide range of coastal and offshore applications, providing a high fidelity representation of the underlying hydrodynamic processes. Generating input waves in the CFD simulation is performed by a numerical wavemaker (NWM), with a variety of different NWM methods existing for this task. While NWMs, based on impulse source methods, have been widely applied for wave generation in depth averaged, shallow water models, they have not seen the same level of adoption in the more general RANS based CFD simulations, due to difficulties in relating the required impulse source function to the resulting free surface elevation for non-shallow water cases. This paper presents an implementation of an impulse source wavemaker, which is able to self-calibrate the impulse source function to produce a desired wave series in deep or shallow water at a specific point in time and space. Example applications are presented, for a numerical wave tank (NWT), based on the opensource CFD software OpenFOAM, for wave packets in deep and shallow water, highlighting the correct calibration of phase and amplitude. Also, the suitability for cases requiring very low reflection from NWT boundaries is demonstrated. Possible issues in the use of the method are discussed and guidance for good application is given.
Improving Soil Moisture Estimates Over the Contiguous US Using Satellite Retrievals and Ensemble Based Data Assimilation Techniques
Authors: Blyverket Jostein , Hamer Paul D. , Bertino Laurent , Albergel Clément , Fairbairn David , Lahoz William A.
Published: January 2019

A number of studies have shown that assimilation of satellite derived soil moisture using the ensemble Kalman Filter (EnKF) can improve soil moisture estimates, particularly for the surface zone. However, the EnKF is computationally expensive since an ensemble of model integrations have to be propagated forward in time. Here, assimilating satellite soil moisture data from the Soil Moisture Active Passive (SMAP) mission, we compare the EnKF with the computationally cheaper ensemble Optimal Interpolation (EnOI) method over the contiguous United States (CONUS). The background error-covariance in the EnOI is sampled in two ways: i) by using the stochastic spread from an ensemble open-loop run, and ii) sampling from the model spinup climatology. Our results indicate that the EnKF is only marginally superior to one version of the EnOI. Furthermore the assimilation of SMAP data using the EnKF and EnOI is found to improve the surface zone correlation with in-situ observations at a 95% significance level. The EnKF assimilation of SMAP data is also found to improve root-zone correlation with independent in-situ data at the same significance level; however this improvement is dependent on which in-situ network we are validating against. We evaluate how the quality of the atmospheric forcing affects the analysis results by prescribing the land surface data assimilation system with either observation corrected or model derived precipitation. Surface zone correlation skill increases for the analysis using both the corrected and model derived precipitation, but only the latter shows an improvement at the 95% significance level. The study also suggest that the EnOI can be used for bias-correction of the atmospheric fields where post-processed data are not available. Finally, we assimilate three different Level-2 satellite derived soil moisture products from ESA Climate Change Initiative (CCI), SMAP and SMOS (Soil Moisture and Ocean Salinity) using the EnOI, and then compare the relative performance of the three resulting analyses against in-situ soil moisture observations. In this comparison, we find that all three analyses offer improvements over an open-loop run when comparing to in-situ observations. The assimilation of SMAP data is found to perform marginally better than the assimilation of SMOS data, while assimilation of the ESA CCI data shows the smallest improvement of the three analysis products.
Analisis Kelayakan Usaha Peternakan Broiler di Kabupaten Malang
Authors: Febrianto Nanang , Putritamara J.A. , Hartono B.
Published: January 2019

Penelitian dilaksanakan di Kecamatan Bululawang Kabupaten Malang dengan
tujuan untuk mengetahui besarnya biaya produksi, penerimaan, pendapatan
dan kelayakan usaha peternakan broiler. Metode yang digunakan adalah metode
survey. Pengambilan sampel secara purposive random sampling terhadap 69 peternak berdasarkan jumlah kepemilikan ternak. Pengumpulan data diperoleh dengan wawancara dan penyebaran kuisioner terstruktur. Data dianalisis menggunakan analisis biaya dan R/C ratio. Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa biaya tetap sebesar Rp. 3.167.031, biaya variabel sebesar Rp. 161.697.460, penerimaan total sebesar Rp. 183.335.616, keuntungan sebesar Rp. 18.471.124. Usaha peternakan broiler di Kecamatan Bululawang layak untuk dikembangkan, dengan nilai analisa R/C ratio yaitu sebesar > 1 (rata-rata 1,11).
Indeks dan Status Keberlanjutan Ketersediaan Tembakau Madura
Authors: Faridz Raden , Ariffin Ariffin , Soemarno Soemarno , Pramoedyo Henny
Published: January 2019

Tembakau merupakan tanaman perkebunan penting yang memberikan devisa tinggi melalui cukai mencapai Rp. 144,64 trilyun tahun 2015.  Akhir-akhir ini produksinya turun dibanding 3-4 tahun sebelumnya rata-rata17 000 ton menjadi 14,435 ton pada tahun 2015. Terdapat ketidak seimbangan antara permintaan dan penawaran yang  berdampak pada keberlanjutan ketersediaan tembakau Madura. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi Indeks dan status keberlanjutan ketersediaan tembakau Madura dari dimensi ekologi, sosial-ekonomi, kelembagaan dan teknologi, faktor-faktor yang sensitif dan bobot prioritas dimensi. Penelitian ini  dianalisis menggunakan  Multi Dimensional Scaling (MDS) RAP-TOBACCO modifikasi dari RAP-FISH Status keberlanjutan ketersediaan tembakau seluruh dimensi cukup berkelanjutan dimana dimensi teknologi memiliki nilai tertinggi 56,375, dimensi ekologi 52,370, dimensi kelembagaan 50,703 dan dimensi sosial ekonomi 50,432. Faktor yang sensitif untuk dimensi teknologi adalah sistem informasi iklim, penggunaan dan pengadaan bibit. Sedangkan bobot prioritas proses keberlanjutan ketersediaan tembakau berdasarkan pakar adalah sosial-ekonomi.