bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Phyto-prophylactic Potentials of Dietary Ipomoea-batatas Leaves on Clarias gariepinus Exposed to Psedomonas aeruginosa: Biochemical Analysis and Liver Histopathology
Authors: I. O. K Ukwe, , M. Benson,
Published: November 2024

Ipomoea batatas aqueous extracts was examined for it's phyto-prohylatic effects on the enzymes, bilirubin, metabolites, electrolytes and liver histopathology of Clarias gariepinus challenged with Pseudomonas aeruginosa. One hundred and fifty (150) C. gariepinus were distributed into five groups in triplicates and fed accordingly with 0ml/kg (DO), 50ml/kg (D1), 100ml/kg (D2) and 150ml/kg (D3) I. batatas supplemented diets. Two groups were fed with 0ml/kg (D0+v and D0-ve). At the end of feeding period, the fish fed D0-ve (negative control) and D1-D3 were infected with 1.5ml of 1.5 × 10¹⁰cfu/ml overnight grown Pseudomonas aeruginosa while the fish fed D0+ve was unfected. After seven (7) days post infection period, blood samples were collected from all groups to determine enzyme activities [Aspartate aminotransferase (AST), Alanine transaminase (ALT) and (ALP), Bilirubin activities [Total Bilirubin (TB) and Conjugated Bilirubin (CB)], Metabolites activities [Total Protein (TP), Albumine (ALB), Globulin (GLB), Urea (UR) and creatinine (CR)] and Electrolytes activities [Sodium (Na+), Potassium (K+), calcium (Ca2+), chloride (CL-) and bicarbonate (HCO-3)]. The fish livers were also harvested for histopathological analysis. The results revealed that the highest values of all enzymes and bilirubin activities were recorded in the fish fed D-ve (negative control) when compared to the fish fed D1 to D3 (treated groups) and D+ve (positive control). TB and GLB were lower while UR and CR were higher in the fish fed D-ve when compared to the fish fed D1-D3 and D+ve.  ALB values were similar in the fish fed D+ve and D3. Na+ and CL- were significantly lower in the fish fed D-ve and the highest values of Ca2+ and K+ were also recorded in the fish fed D-ve. However, the values of HCO-3 had no significant difference. The histopathological analysis shows that the liver of the fish fed D+ve, D2 and D3 had exact same features suggestive of a cultured fish. However, the liver of the fish fed D-ve and D1 had no vacuoles and there was a mild infiltration by lymphocytes. Sequel to these results, it is evidential that I. batatas possess the potentials of maintaining normal biochemical activities, and safeguard fish liver against Pseudomonas aeruginosa. It is therefore recommended that aquaculturist should embrace and apply this great discovery to maintain fish health especially in harsh environment.
Metabolic Evaluation of the Combined Effect of Acute Cadmium Chloride and Restraint Stress Exposure in Female Wistar Rats
Authors: Owolabi Gbenga Opeyemi , Adiamo Adedoyin Esther , Lawal Onaopepo Abdulwakeel , Okanlawon David Ibukunoluwa , Osinloye Omorolade Oluwatobi
Published: November 2024

Cadmium is a heavy metal that has been shown to induce metabolic changes while restraint stress is a model of psychological stress used to induce behavioural and physiological changes. This study investigated the combined effect of cadmium chloride administration and restraint stress exposure on metabolic profile of female Wistar rats. Twenty four female Wistar rats were randomly divided into four groups containing six rats per group; Control (CTL) was given only feed and water. Cadmium alone (CCC) and Restraint stress alone(RSS), respectively, were orally administered 100 mg/kg b.w of cadmium chloride and subjected to restraint stress using wire mesh for 30 minutes daily while Cadmium+Restraint stress (RSC) was administered 100 mg/kg b.w of cadmium chloride and restrained for 30 minutes daily. Body weights of the animals were recorded daily throughout the experiment. Twenty-four hours after the last cadmium administration and restraint stress exposure, all animal were anesthetized and sacrificed. Blood was collected via cardiac puncture for biochemical analysis. Results showed significant (p<0.05) increase in serum glucose and cortisol levels but not significant in insulin level of CCC group when compared to control. Serum glucose, insulin, cortisol showed significant (p<0.05) increase in RSS group when compared to control. In RSC group, glucose and insulin was significantly (p<0.05) increased when compared to CCC but not significant when compared with RSS. Cortisol was significantly (p<0.05) increased in RSC group when compared with other groups. Result showed significant (p<0.05) increase in CHO, LDL and TAG of CCC and RSS groups when compared with control. RSC showed significant (p<0.05) increase in CHO, LDL and TAG when compared with CCC and RSS groups. Serum HDL levels showed no significant difference across all groups. Conclusively, cadmium chloride and restraint stress exposure individually lead to metabolic dysfunction and dyslipidemia while the combined exposure exacerbated these effects in female rats.
Efficient Imputation Methods for Estimating Population Proportion in Diagonal Systematic Sampling
Authors: Ahmad Jabir , Audu Ahmed , Usman Umar , Jibril A. H.
Published: November 2024

Accurate estimation of proportions is essential for effective decision-making, resource management, and ensuring the reliability of statistical analyses. It underpins many critical processes across various domains, making it a foundational aspect of data analysis and interpretation. In this paper, we have proposed a regression-type and exponential type imputation methods which are free of unknown parameters for estimating missing values or non-responses while estimating population proportion under diagonal systematic sampling design. Imputation methods are crucial in data analysis and machine learning because they address the issue of missing data. Some key significance includes improved data quality, preservation of sample size, bias reduction and enhanced predictive power. The estimators of the proposed imputation methods were derived. The properties (biases and MSEs) of the class of estimators of the proposed imputation methods were derived up to first order approximation. Results of numerical illustration using simulated data revealed that the proposed estimators are more efficient and practicable than exiting estimators considered in the study.
Rose Plant Leaf Disease Recognition Using Machine Learning Methodologies
Authors: Reddy Egamamidi Rishika , Satturi Sai Durga , Harshini Medavarapu , Shaik Subhani
Published: November 2024

The most popular flowers in the world are roses, not only cheer people up but also support livelihoods. Diseases, however, can harm these priceless flowers' health and negatively affect both their quality and the growers' livelihoods. The increased occurrence of ailments in rose plants poses a severe danger to the ornamental flower industry and agricultural productivity. In this paper, we describe a novel deep learning-based method for the automated diagnosis of leaf diseases in rose plants. A big dataset containing images of both healthy and damaged rose leaves was carefully picked to illustrate different disease types and stages. To analyze and identify the visual characteristics that correspond to various illnesses, we used a Convolutional Neural Network architecture, Support Vector Machine, and K-Nearest Neighbors architectures specifically intended for picture classification tasks. We address the interpretability and explainability of the model's predictions in addition to performance indicators, offering insights into the decision-making process. This work addresses a fundamental requirement for effective and long-lasting disease management in rose cultivation by bridging the gap between deep learning and plant pathology. CNNs are often the preferred choice due to their ability to automatically learn relevant features from raw pixel values.
Assessment of Packaging Materials for Bulk Packaging of Mustard
Authors: Dewangan Badal , Bhattacharjee Donal
Published: November 2024

A study was conducted to develop effective bulk packaging solutions for mustard, focusing on testing various packaging materials with liners and analysing shelf life for export purposes. To maintain the quality of spices, it is crucial to have oxygen and gas barrier properties to preserve aroma. To address this, a novel liner combination has been introduced to evaluate its effectiveness in extending the shelf life of mustard. Mustard was packed in nine types of packaging materials selected based on sustainability aspects and subjected to accelerated climatic conditions (38±1°C and 90±2% RH) for six months. Physico-chemical parameters were measured in triplicate. Throughout the exposure period, moisture content and water activity in the mustard increased exponentially. Significant changes in colour, aroma, and microbial growth were observed in samples packaged in PP woven bags without liners and multiwall paper bags. However, no damage to the packaging materials was noted during transport testing. The maximum shelf life was recorded for mustard packed in PP woven bags with liners and multiwall paper bags with aluminium foil. Hence, the results indicated that exploring advanced liner combinations can significantly enhance the shelf life and maintain the quality of mustard.
Extraction of Genomic DNA from Different Plant Tissues through Phenol-chloroform Method
Authors: Dawodu Olufunke , Erinle Quawiy
Published: November 2024

Background: DNA extraction is a fundamental technique in molecular biology that involves isolating DNA from biological samples for various downstream applications, including PCR and sequencing. Phenol-chloroform DNA extraction is an alternate method of the CTAB method for genomic DNA extraction. This method typically yields more DNA than the CTAB with high purity. It is useful for high molecular weight/long fragment DNA determinations. This study aims to extract DNA from plant tissues using the phenol-chloroform method and compare the response of different plant leaves to this method.
Methods: In this study, we provide a step-by-step guide to DNA extraction from five different plant species, including Ficus capensis (Cape fig or Cape banyan),  Ficus exaspirata (Forest Sandpaper), Mangifera indica (Mango),  Gmelina arborea (Gamhar), and  Bauhinia purpurea (Butterfly tree). The DNA isolation protocol involved several steps, such as grinding the plant tissue, adding NaCl solution, using a chloroform-isoamyl alcohol mixture to extract DNA, and further purification with phenol-chloroform-isoamyl alcohol. Isopropanol was used to precipitate the DNA, and ethanol was used to wash the DNA pellet to remove any remaining contaminants. Finally, the DNA pellet was dissolved in TE buffer for storage.
Results: The results showed the successful implementation of the phenol chloroform method for isolating DNA from selected plant tissues. Overall, this study provides a comprehensive protocol for DNA extraction from plant tissue using readily available laboratory reagents and equipment.
Conclusion: The protocol can be modified to accommodate different plant species and sample types and can facilitate further research in plant genetics and biotechnology.
Expression Study of Bmlipase in Silkworm Bombyx mori midgut against BmNPV
Authors: M Thanmaya , E Bhuvaneswari , G Mallikarjuna , MS Ranjini , N Chandrakanth , B Manjunath , KN Madhusudhan , V Shyamkumar , SM Moorthy , S Gandhi Doss
Published: November 2024

Silkworms are susceptible to various pathogens, including bacteria, fungi, viruses, and protozoa. The present study focused on the viral disease known as nucleopolyhedrosis virus, which causes severe infections in silkworms. Silkworms possess several antiviral proteins that play a crucial role in preventing the spread of infection. One protein, which is found in the digestive juice produced in the silkworm's midgut, was focused, and it is lipase. This protein is responsible for controlling the virus infection. To investigate the role of lipase expression in silkworm for virus control, its concentration after post-infection was measured. This was quantified and analysed using SDS-PAGE. The band of interest, with a molecular weight of 29 kDa, was further analysed through MALDI-TOF/MS, and it showed 70% homology to the lipase enzyme.
The Relationship between Eczema and Asthma Control among Atopic and Non-atopic Patients
Authors: Priyawardhana Dasun , Toro Omar , Ch’en Peter , Jariwala Sunit
Published: November 2024

Rationale: There are few previous studies exploring the relationship between eczema and asthma status in the context of atopy. The purpose of this study is to investigate this relationship in a region with a high prevalence of asthma, within the New York City borough of the Bronx.
Methods: We reviewed 120 charts of asthma patients at Montefiore’s Asthma Center (MAC) at their initial evaluation and last evaluation, with asthma severity assessed by Asthma Control Test (ACT) scores. Patient criteria for atopy included 1 positive skin prick test and/or positive specific immunoglobulin E test, and eczema status was determined by the presence of eczema history at the time of patients’ initial evaluation. Demographic factors including BMI and healthcare utilization were also assessed. Linear regression and t-tests were used for analyses.
Results: We observed no significant association between eczema status and baseline ACT scores in a high-risk population (p = 0.1364). However, significant improvements in ACT scores from baseline to the last visit were observed in both eczema (p < 0.0001) and atopic patients (p < 0.0001). No significant change in ACT scores was noted in non-atopic patients.
Conclusions: There appears to be an association between eczema and asthma status in the context of atopy. The findings demonstrate that early identification and management of eczema within this context are vital for adequate asthma control. Further understanding of this relationship can aid in providing tailored treatment strategies to treat both diseases, optimizing health care outcomes and improving quality of life for affected individuals.
Physico-Chemical and Sensory Characterization of Biscuits Enriched with Persea americana (Avocado Pit Flour)
Authors: Júnior Abel Alberto Massingue , Massie Bernabé Bernardo , Machalela Angélica Agostinho , José António Elísio , Moiane Enoque Bene Francisco , Couve Orlando Albertino
Published: November 2024

Biscuit is the product that essentially results from mixing wheat flour, egg, butter, milk and baking powder. Avocado pit flour is obtained through the milling process, contributes around 5% protein, 2% ash, 3% lipids and 3% crude fiber, as well as some functional properties, such as anti-cancer, anti-inflammatory, anti-diabetic and anti- hypertensive potential. The aim of this study was to assess the quality of biscuits produced with the partial addition of avocado pit flour, this flour promotes satiety and intestinal health, preventing diseases has anti-inflammatory proprieties. Four formulations (A), biscuits without avocado pit flour; (B), biscuits with 10% avocado pit flour; (C), biscuits with 20% avocado pit flour and (D), biscuits with 25% avocado pit flour were produced. Physico-chemical analyses were determined in terms of pH by potentiometry, titratable acidity by titrimetry, moisture content by desiccation at 105ºC, lipids by the Soxhlet method, proteins by the biuret method, ash by incineration at 550ºC, carbohydrates by difference calculation and calorific value by artwater conversion, and (ii) sensory analysis carried out with affective method, where 50 untrained tasters using 9-point hedonic scale. The results of physico-chemical parameters shown pH ranging from 6.39 to 6.93, titratable acidity from 1.20 to 2.24%, moisture around 8.03 to 8.50%, ash from 2.18 to 2.80%, lipids from 7.78 to 8.05%, protein from 6.53 to 7.11%, carbohydrates from 74.03 to 75.20% and calorific value ranging from 395.49 to 398.42 Kcal. In terms of taste, the intention buys shown that 66% of tasters would buy formulation (A) and 28% would buy formulation (B). The acceptability index shown that formulations A and B were accepted with averages ≥70% of around 85.8 and 73.6%, respectively. It can be concluded that the production of biscuits enriched with avocado pit flour is a viable and technological alternative for treating food waste.
Diagnostic Challenges in Hematological Malignancies in Nigeria and their Impact on Treatment Outcome
Authors: Obu Sylvia Ifeoma , Dibigbo–Ibeaji Ndudi , Obu Gabriel Obisike , Ilikannu Samuel Okwuchukwu
Published: November 2024

Haematological magnificence constitutes a major public health disease burden globally due to the degree of mortality and morbidity they cause.
Aim: This review was aimed at exploring and reporting some of the difficulties that hinder early/accurate diagnosis and management of haematological malignancies in Nigeria emphasizing a single centre experience and to further highlight how they affect treatment outcome.
Methodology: Google scholar, Pubmed and African Journals online sites were explored in July 2024. Relevant articles were selected. The most senior consultant haematologist in the single centre in South South Nigeria being studied was interviewed and account was documented.
Results: The difficulties encountered in the prompt/proper diagnosis and management of haematological malignancies reported by the studies and the clinician interviewed include, visiting orthopaedic and other specialists as well as herbalists and spiritualists  for several months before reporting to the haematology clinic, mis – and/or missed diagnosis due to inadequate diagnostic equipment and techniques like use of morphological studies alone for Rowmanawsky stained blood picture examination and histological diagnosis without cytogenetics, immunophenotyping, polymerase chain reaction fluorescent insitu hybridization, poverty, cultural and religious beliefs. Poor treatment outcome as a result of these challenges were also reported.
Conclusion: Enlightenment campaigns on the benefits of early diagnosis and prompt presentation to the hospital should be encouraged. Provision of up-to-date advanced technologies for early/accurate diagnosis and sub classification of haematologiacl malignancies should be made in main health facilities across the country. Diagnosis and treatment of haematological malignancies should be built into the National Health Insurance scheme to strengthen the system in this regard.
Evaluation of Foxtail Millet Varieties for Thermotolerance at Seedling Stage using Temperature Induction Response Technique (TIR)
Authors: Jyothi Karanam Navya , Sumathi V. , Subramanyam D. , Sudhakar P. , Krishna T. Giridhar
Published: November 2024

In the present scenario of climate change, Foxtail millet is the best crop of choice and an indispensable component of dryland farming due to its C4 plant type and tolerance against the abiotic stresses. However, all the foxtail millet varieties may not sustain under severe temperature stress particularly at germination and seedling growth stages. Therefore, screening of varieties is required to identify the stress tolerant varieties in foxtail millet which can combat temperature stress at seed germination and early seedling growth stages which is the need of the hour under ever changing climatic conditions. Hence, A lab experiment was conducted to standardize the temperature induction response (TIR) protocol for foxtail millet seedlings using WGC-450 programmable plant growth chamber. Temperatures were standardized as sub lethal i.e. challenging temperatures as 38°C – 54°C for 5 hours and lethal temperatures as 56°C for 3 hours. Seven foxtail millet varieties (Suryanandi, SiA 3156, Srilakshmi, SiA 3085, Narasimharaya, Krishnadevaraya and Prasad) were screened for intrinsic tolerance using the standardized Thermo Induced Response (TIR) protocol. Out of the seven varieties evaluated, SiA 3085, Prasad, Suryanandi, Srilakshmi were identified to possess high level of thermo tolerance in terms of higher seedling survival with less reduction in root and shoot growth. The varieties with intrinsic heat tolerance can be explored for the development of heat stress tolerant varieties.
Processing and Evaluation of Paneer from Coconut Milk and Cow Milk Blends
Authors: K.P. Sivakumar, , B.Nallakurumban  , A.Vijayakumar  , A.Kalaiselvan  , T.Balaji
Published: November 2024

Paneer is an Indian traditional milk product which occupies an important place as a base product for the production of various culinary preparations. Paneer is a nutritious and wholesome food. It provides one of the methods of conserving, preserving and prolonging shelf life of milk solids in a highly concentrated form.For coagulation of milk 1% of lime juice, which contains citric acid.  The shelf life of the developed product during room temperature (3 days) and refrigerated condition. The present study was under taken with different levels (90:10, 80:20, 70:30) of cow milk and coconut milk. Chemical quality (moisture, fat, protein, and yield) and microbial quality (TPC, yeast and mould, coliform) were also analyzed. The coconut paneer with 90:10 ratio of cow milk and coconut milk was found to be best among others. Thus as far as product acceptability judged by organoleptic evaluation the treatment can be rated as P0 > P1> P2> P3. The fresh cow milk paneer (P0) chemical constituents were 50.78 g of   moisture, 0.22% of acidity, 5.3 of pH, 20.39 g of protein, 22.8 g of fat, 0 g of fibre, 198 mg /100 g of calcium, 2.2 mg /100 g of iron respectively. The coconut paneer prepared by 10% coconut milk blending with 90% cow milk, the P1 sample chemical constituents were 52.05 g of moisture, 0.20% of acidity, 5.6 of pH, 20.55 g of protein, 23.75 g of fat, 0 g of fibre, 192mg /100 g of calcium, 3.12 mg of iron respectively.  The overall acceptability score was observed as highly acceptable with score point of 8.4±0.70in P1 when compared to control P0 was 8.1±0.73. The unit cost production of 100 g of the functional coconut paneer was Rs.25/100gwhereas control was Rs.22/100 g of packets respectively.
An Assessment of Irrigation Requirements for Summer Paddy Cultivation on Vertisols in Raipur, Chhattisgarh, India
Authors: Kumar Nilesh , Agrawal Narendra , Naidu Diwakar , V Harithalekshmi
Published: November 2024

Water scarcity is a significant challenge in agriculture, particularly for summer crop production in central India. The long-term sustainability of the summer crop depends on the effective utilization of available water resources through proper irrigation management. This requires precise data on evapotranspiration, crop water requirements, and irrigation scheduling. The study focuses on the assessment of water requirements and its scheduling for summer paddy production on vertisols soil in the Raipur district of Chhattisgarh. The field experiments were observed during the summer seasons of 2023 and 2024 at the Department of Soil Science and Agricultural Chemistry, Indira Gandhi Krishi Vishwavidyalaya, Raipur, Chhattisgarh, India. The FAO-CROPWAT 8.0 model was employed for the study, which utilized FAO Penman-Monteith method to analyze meteorological data and evaluate reference evapotranspiration (ET₀). The crop evapotranspiration (ETc) was computed using crop coefficient (Kc) values associated with various developmental stages. A comprehensive water balance model for summer paddy was developed, incorporating soil, climate, and crop variables. The findings indicated that the crop evapotranspiration (ETc) and irrigation water requirement (Irr Req) for both seasons were 714 mm and 723 mm, and 772 mm and 793 mm, respectively. Upon adjusting for field losses, the total net irrigation requirement (TNIR) was assessed as 988 mm and 1009 mm for 2023 and 2024, whereas combining the irrigation efficiency, the total gross irrigation requirement was evaluated at 1411 mm and 1443 mm, respectively. The study offers essential insights for managing traditional irrigation practices for paddy cultivation, fostering sustainable agriculture, and resource distribution. Employing CROPWAT 8.0 to optimize irrigation schedules and enhance water consumption efficiency facilitates comprehensive decision-making in water resource management, highlighting the necessity for customized methods to meet distinct agricultural water requirements.
Impact of Training Techniques and Hybrid Varieties on Tomato Yield in Shade Net House Cultivation
Authors: Yadav Monika , Wilson Deena
Published: November 2024

This study investigates the impact of training systems and hybrid selection on the yield of tomato (Solanum Lycopersicon) grown under a shade net house environment. The experiment, conducted at the Hi-Tech Horticulture Unit, Centre of Excellence for Vegetables, Karnal, utilized a Factorial Randomized Block Design with three replications. Two training systems (one-stem and two-stem) and four indeterminate hybrids (STH-39, STH-901, STH-801, and STH-701) were evaluated for their influence on key vegetative and reproductive parameters. Results revealed that the two-stem system significantly improved yield per plant (6.93 kg) and per square meter (15.36 kg) due to increased cluster formation and fruit set percentage. Conversely, the one-stem system promoted larger fruit size, with an average fruit weight of 105.50 g, indicating its suitability for markets valuing larger produce. Hybrid STH-801 exhibited superior performance, recording the highest yield per plant (6.52 kg) and yield per square meter (15.68 kg), along with the greatest number of fruits per cluster (7.75) and highest fruit set percentage (93.17%). Additionally, the STH-39 hybrid produced the largest fruits with an average diameter of 6.30 cm and volume of 157 cc. The findings underscore the importance of selecting appropriate training systems and hybrids to optimize productivity and fruit quality under protected cultivation. This research offers practical insights for growers seeking to enhance profitability through sustainable agricultural practices, particularly during off-season periods under challenging climatic conditions.
Omega Fatty Acids and Its Role in Amelioration of Canine Dermatological Disorders
Authors: Kar Payel , Rajesh J B , Behera S. K. , Konwar Bedanga , Samanta A. K. , Prasad H. , Sarma Kalyan , Tolenkhomba T C
Published: November 2024

Omega-3 and omega-6 fatty acids (FA) are crucial dietary components for dogs, playing a vital role in maintaining healthy skin.  Omega-3 FA possess anti-inflammatory properties, potentially aiding in managing conditions like allergies and atopic dermatitis that cause itching and irritation. Omega-6 FA contribute to healthy skin barrier function, protecting against environmental allergens and pathogens. However, excessive omega-6 intake can promote inflammation. An optimal ratio of omega-3 to omega-6 fatty acids in a dog's diet is essential. Omega-3s are found in fatty fish (salmon, mackerel) and fish oil, while omega-6s are abundant in vegetable oils (sunflower, soybean). If homemade foods are not properly balanced, they may easily be deficient in many essential nutrients. Various skin problems like alopecia, scaly skin, dry, pruritic and skin infections can result from this. Proper dietary management with balanced omega-3 and omega-6 intake can significantly benefit dogs suffering from skin conditions. A well-balanced diet is essential for maintaining the health of the skin.
Managing High Anisometropia with Blended Refractive Surgery: A Comparative Study on Patient Outcomes
Authors: Gupta Tanmay , Gupta Harshvardhan
Published: November 2024

Purpose: To compare patient-reported outcomes (PROs) and satisfaction results after blended refractive surgery with one eye Lasik laser/ PRK and another eye ICL.
Patients and Methods: A Quality of life and Patient reported spectacle independence (PRISQ) questionnaire was administered to patients who had undergone blended Refractive surgery at 2 months of follow-up.
Results: Overall PROs and satisfaction was similar among all the groups. Refractive outcome and accuracy were similar among the groups, Refractive outcome differences were not meaningful among the groups and were not a differentiating factor in PROs. Substantially fewer patients in the third group noticed glare and halo compared with the 3.0/3.0 group (P<0.0001. chi-square test). No new safety concerns were reported.
Conclusion: The choice of blended refractive surgery resulted in a higher percentage of patients who were deemed unfit for LVC being satisfied with Near, intermediate, and distance vision, overall the fewer PRO differences were not statistically significant.
Customer Satisfaction and Service Quality: A Study on BRELA in Tanzania
Authors: Mihayo Nehemia
Published: November 2024

This study focused on assessing customer satisfaction with the quality of services provided by Tanzania's Business Registrations and Licensing Agency (BRELA), particularly its Communication Unit in Dar es Salaam. The research had three main objectives: identifying frequently inquired services at the Communication Unit, evaluating customer satisfaction levels, and gathering customer perspectives. The study aimed to assess the level of customer satisfaction and service quality as the result of BRELA's efforts to enhance services and introduce online options in 2018. Using the SERVQUAL scale, the study examined seven service quality dimensions: Tangibles, Reliability, Responsiveness, Competence, Access, Communication, and Understanding. A quantitative approach was adopted, involving a survey with convenience sampling to gather data from diverse respondents, including entrepreneurs, company owners, and prospective business starters in Tanzania. To ensure a balanced representation, the study received 20 calls daily at the call center for 19 days. Data collection involved a coded Excel questionnaire installed on call center computers. Analysis was conducted using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) and Microsoft Excel. Among the findings, Company Registrations emerged as the most requested service, with 242 out of 384 respondents seeking it. Respondents generally reported satisfaction with BRELA's services across the seven quality dimensions, and 79.2% held a positive perception of BRELA. The study recommended transforming the Communication Unit into the Directorate of Corporate Communications and Customer Service, enhancing the call center system, conducting awareness campaigns, and emphasizing adherence to the Client Service Charter. These recommendations aimed to improve BRELA's service quality, customer satisfaction, and the public.
Challenges to Economic Development in Developing Countries: Case Study of Sudan's Economic Conundrum
Authors: Khan Ruby , Mihaisi Sara Mohamed Kheir Ali
Published: November 2024

This study explores the challenges to economic development in Sudan, a country endowed with substantial natural resources yet struggling to achieve sustainable growth. By utilizing time series data from 2002 to 2022, the research analyzes the relationship between Sudan’s GDP growth rate and key economic indicators, including inflation rate, unemployment rate, FDI inflows, and net exports. Despite these factors' recognized significance, empirical analysis reveals a weak correlation between these variables and GDP growth, suggesting the presence of other underlying influences. The findings highlight that political instability, ineffective governance, and external economic pressures might be critical barriers to Sudan's development. Strategic recommendations are proposed to address these issues, focusing on improving policy frameworks, enhancing economic diversification, and fostering regional cooperation.
The Evolution Of Self-Service For Tax Declarations On EGov Platforms: A Comparative Analysis Between 2019 And 2023
Authors: Dias Geísa Martins Cruz , Dias Gilmara Aparecida De Freitas , Santos Ailana Fernanda Silva Dutra , Júnior Agnaldo Gonçalves Reis , Oliveira Ramon Alves De , Timotio João Guilherme Magalhaes
Published: November 2024

Background: Aiming to foster a discussion on the provision of public self-services to citizens through e-gov platforms, this study seeks to: gain an overview of the self-service for individual income tax declarations in 2019 and 2023, comparing the e-gov platforms of countries ranked with the highest UN e-participation indices. Materials and Methods: This research adopts qualitative, quantitative, exploratory, and retrospective approaches. The analysis was conducted in 2019 and repeated in 2023, rigorously investigating the e-gov portals of 54 countries ranked with the highest e-participation indices by the UN in 2016. Scientific articles from Google Scholar and secondary data from the UN's E-Government Knowledge Base related for the years 2014, 2016, 2018, 2020, and 2022 were analyzed. The number of e-gov services, types of services, countries, and continents were quantified. Results: Brazil moved up from the 37th to the 11th position in the UN's e-participation ranking, according to analyses from 2019 and 2023. A 17% increase was observed in the number of countries offering the individual income tax declaration service in fully transactional (online self-service) form. Conversely, a 13% reduction was noted among countries providing a mixed service (online and in-person), with 2% of this group adopting a fully online process. The number of countries that do not reference individual tax self-service on their platforms remained at 9% in both 2019 and 2022. Conclusion: This study compares the individual income tax declaration service in fully transactional self-service in 2019 and 2023 among countries with the highest UN e-participation indices, highlighting that the transition to electronic tax self-services is progressing slowly, with many countries still not utilizing e-gov platforms for this purpose. Brazil improved its e-participation ranking and expanded services on digital platforms. This underscores the potential shift to electronic self-services, promoting discussions on the topic and suggesting improvements in public service delivery and potential access policies.
Avaliação Da Qualidade Dos Serviços De Saúde Em Clínicas Universitárias: Construção De Conhecimento Com Base Na Literatura Internacional
Authors: Santos Augusto César Dos , Dutra Ademar , Mussi Clarissa Carneiro , Parma Gabriel Oscar Cremona
Published: November 2024

O objetivo deste artigo foi destacar as características das publicações internacionais relacionadas aos processos de avaliação de desempenho e avaliação da qualidade nos serviços de saúde, com um foco específico nas clínicas universitárias, por meio de uma análise da literatura internacional. Método utilizado: foi o Knowledge Development Process – Constructivist (ProKnow-C), que segue uma abordagem construtivista. A pesquisa permitiu a seleção de um portfólio bibliográfico representativo, uma análise bibliométrica e a identificação de lacunas de conhecimento para direcionar futuras pesquisas. Os resultados incluem a constituição de um Portfólio Bibliográfico (PB) com 29 artigos relevantes, incluindo a autora Anderson-Fletcher como referência em Gestão da Qualidade de Serviço e Gestão da Qualidade em Saúde, e a identificação do artigo "Measuring service quality in a university clinic" como o mais citado no PB. Além disso, foram identificados periódicos de destaque, como o "International Journal of Health Care Quality Assurance", bem como a predominância das palavras-chave "patient satisfaction", indicando um enfoque consistente nos estudos sobre satisfação do paciente e sua relação com a qualidade dos serviços de saúde. Conclusão: Por fim, esta pesquisa, recomenda estudos comparativos entre instituições de saúde acadêmicas e não acadêmicas para oferecer insights sobre práticas de gestão da qualidade. Este estudo proporciona uma base sólida para pesquisas futuras visando aprofundar a compreensão da colaboração acadêmica e da gestão da qualidade em serviços de saúde, especialmente em clínicas universitárias
Technology Complexity And Utilization Of Alternative Banking Channels
Authors: Towett Wesley , Waweru Dr. Fredrick Warui
Published: November 2024

Alternative Banking Channels have been found to have positive benefits for financial institutions. Financial institutions such as commercial banks and insurance companies have employed alternative banking channels to a great extent but SACCOs which are an important part of the financial system have been left behind in this respect. Technology complexity plays a role in the utilization of any type of IT innovation including alternative banking channels. The current study therefore sought to determine the effect of technology complexity on utilization of alternative banking channels among deposit-taking SACCOs in Nyeri County in Kenya. This research used a descriptive cross-sectional survey approach. Deposit-taking SACCOS in Nyeri county were the unit of analysis while managers are the unit of observation. Information was gathered via the use of a questionnaire. Descriptive and correlation analysis was used to analyse data with the help of Statistical Package for the Social Sciences. The study found that technology complexity in the alternative banking channels among deposit-taking SACCOS was average. Technology complexity was significantly associated utilisation of alternative banking channels. The study showed that technology posed a significant barrier to the adoption and utilization of ABCs, especially among older, less literate, and rural members who may lack access to necessary gadgets. SACCOs should therefore organize training sessions and educational workshops for members, particularly targeting older, less literate, and rural members to teach basic digital literacy skills and how to use ABCs effectively
NME proteins regulate class switch recombination
Authors: Zheng Simin , Kusnadi Anthony , Choi Jee Eun , Vuong Bao Q. , Rhodes Daniela , Chaudhuri Jayanta
Published: November 2018

Class switch recombination (CSR) in B cells involves deletion‐recombination at switch (S) region DNA and is important for the diversification of antibody isotypes during an immune response. Here, we identify two NME [NM23/NDPK (nucleoside diphosphate kinase)] isoforms, NME1 and NME2, as novel players in this process. Knockdown of NME2 leads to decreased CSR, while knockdown of the highly homologous NME1 results in increased CSR. Interestingly, these NME proteins also display differential occupancy at S regions during CSR despite their homology; NME1 binds to S regions prior to stimulation, while NME2 binds to S regions only after stimulation. To the best of our knowledge, this represents the first report of a role for these proteins in the regulation of CSR.
Synergistic effect of PCPE1 and sFRP2 on the processing of procollagens via BMP1
Authors: Zhu Qin , Guo Wei , Zhang Shengjie , Feng Yang , Wang Xiao , Zhou Libin , Huang Guo‐Ru
Published: November 2018

Procollagen processing is essential for organ development and tissue functions. Both procollagen C‐proteinase enhancer 1 (PCPE1) and secreted frizzled‐related protein 2 (sFRP2) play vital roles in collagen formation via regulating the procollagen C‐proteinase activity of bone morphogenetic protein 1 (BMP1). However, whether the two proteins exert a synergistic effect on BMP1 activity remains unclear. Here, simultaneous knockdown of sFRP2 and PCPE1 led to less collagen formation in mouse embryonic fibroblasts and dorsalized phenotypes in zebrafish embryos. Further studies revealed a direct interaction between the Frizzled domain of sFRP2 and the complement/Uegf/BMP‐1 domain of PCPE1, which enhances the cleavage activity of BMP1 on procollagen. These results suggest that double silencing of sFRP2 and PCPE1 may provide a strategy for treating fibrosis diseases caused by collagen deposition.
Assessment of beam‐matched linacs quality/accuracy for interchanging SBRT or SRT patient using VMAT without replanning
Authors: Xu Zhengzheng , Warrell Gregory , Lee Soyoung , Colussi Valdir , Zheng Yiran , Ellis Rodney , Machtay Mitchell , Podder Tarun
Published: November 2018

Purpose

Dosimetric accuracy is critical when switching a patient treated with stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT) or stereotactic fractionated radiotherapy (SRT) among beam‐matched linacs. In this study, the dose delivery accuracy of volumetric modulated arc therapy (VMAT) plans for SBRT/SRT patients were evaluated on three beam‐matched linacs.

Method

Beam data measurements such as percentage depth dose (PDD10), beam profiles, output factors, and multi‐leaf collimator (MLC) leaf transmission factor for 6 MV photon beam were performed on three beam‐matched linacs. The Edge™ diode detector was used for measurements of beams of field size less than 5 × 5 cm2. Ten lung and 15 brain plans were generated using VMAT with the same beam model. Modulation complexity score of the VMAT plan (MCSv) was used as a plan complexity indicator. Doses were measured using ArcCHECK™ and GafChromic™ EBT3 films. The measurements were compared with calculated doses through absolute dose gamma comparison using 3%/2 mm and 2%/2 mm criteria. Correlation between difference in passing rates among beam‐matched linacs and MCSv was evaluated using the Pearson coefficient. Point doses were measured with the A1SL micro ion chamber.

Results

Difference in beam outputs, beam profiles, and MLC leaf transmission factors of beam‐matched linacs were all within ±1%, except the difference in output factor for 1 × 1 cm2 field between linac 1 and 3 (1.3%). For all 25 cases, passing rates of measured doses on three linacs were all higher than 90% when using 2%/2 mm gamma criteria. The average difference in point dose measurements among three beam‐matched linacs was 0.1 ± 0.2% (P > 0.05, one‐way ANOVA).

Conclusion

Minimal differences in beam parameters, point doses, and passing rates among three linacs proved the viability of swapping SBRT/SRT using VMAT among beam‐matched linacs. The effect of plan complexity on passing rate difference among beam‐matched linacs is not statistically significant.
Structure‐Guided Engineering of Cytotoxic Cabazitaxel for an Adaptive Nanoparticle Formulation: Enhancing the Drug Safety and Therapeutic Efficacy
Authors: Wan Jianqin , Qiao Yiting , Chen Xiaona , Wu Jiaping , Zhou Liqian , Zhang Jun , Fang Shijiang , Wang Hangxiang
Published: November 2018

Development of a sophisticated nanotherapeutic platform to deliver potent agents effectively and safely to desired tumor sites remains challenging. Cabazitaxel (CTX) holds particular interest for clinical use because of its ability to overcome the drug resistance caused by other taxane drugs. However, investigations of this potent agent have been met with only limited success due to its high toxicity in patients, and thus the exploration of CTX as a safe chemotherapeutic remains a tremendous challenge. Here, it is reported that CTX can be structurally tailored to make it more compatible with a polymeric platform through chemical derivatization with oligolactide (oLA). Covalent conjugation of CTX to oLAs yields new entities that are sufficiently miscible with exogenous polymer matrices to form injectable nanomedicines (termed o(LA)n‐CTX‐NPs). Utilizing these o(LA)n‐CTX‐NPs, the remarkable increases in tumor accumulation and amelioration of drug toxicity in animals are demonstrated. In a xenograft model of lung cancer, administration of o(LA)18‐CTX‐NPs enhances the antitumor efficacy relative to administration of free CTX. Overall, the data show that precision editing of drug chemical structures can be harnessed to generate better tolerated and more efficient nanomedicines. This approach might be a complementary strategy to simultaneously augment the safety and potency of other anticancer agents.
Dipole‐Switchable Poly(para‐phenyleneethynylene)s: Ferroelectric Conjugated Polymers
Authors: Kushida Soh , Smarsly Emanuel , Bojanowski N. Maximilian , Wacker Irene , Schröder Rasmus R. , Oki Osamu , Yamamoto Yohei , Melzer Christian , Bunz Uwe H. F.
Published: November 2018

Dipolar 2,3‐difluorobenzene units are introduced into the backbone of a poly(para‐phenyleneethynylene) (PPE) to generate a ferroelectric conjugated polymer. The structural features of the partially fluorinated PPE allow for the generation of a remanent polarization in the solid state; the difluorinated benzene rings behave as molecular rotors at high temperature, while at room temperature, stacking of such rings clamps down the ring orientation. The molecular dipoles can still be oriented by moderate external electrical fields at room temperature, and this PPE is then ferroelectric. The concept should be transferable to other poly(aryleneethynylene)s, and novel conjugated ferroelectric conjugated polymers will be accessible using this concept.
Hydrogenation of CO2 to Formate with H2: Transition Metal Free Catalyst Based on a Lewis Pair
Authors: Zhao Tianxiang , Hu Xingbang , Wu Youting , Zhang Zhibing
Published: November 2018

Hydrogenation of CO2 to formate with H2 in the absence of transition metal is a long‐standing challenge in catalysis. The reactions between tris(pentafluorophenyl)borane (BCF) and K2CO3 (or KHCO3) are found to form a Lewis pair (K2[(BCF)2−CO3]) which can react with both H2 and CO2 to produce formate. Based on these stoichiometric reactions, the first catalytic hydrogenation process of CO2 to formate using transition metal free catalyst (BCF/M2CO3, M=Na, K, and Cs) is reported. The highest TON value of this catalytic process is up to 3941. Further research revealed the reaction mechanism in which the Lewis pair enables the splitting of H2 and the insertion of CO2 into the B−H bond.
Different Silver Nanoparticles in One Crystal: Ag210(iPrPhS)71(Ph3P)5Cl and Ag211(iPrPhS)71(Ph3P)6Cl
Authors: Liu Jun‐Yan , Alkan Fahri , Wang Zhi , Zhang Zhen‐Yi , Kurmoo Mohamedally , Yan Zier , Zhao Quan‐Qin , Aikens Christine M. , Tung Chen‐Ho , Sun Di
Published: November 2018

Two pure silver nanoparticles (Ag210(iPrPhS)71(Ph3P)5Cl and Ag211(iPrPhS)71(Ph3P)6Cl labeled as SD/Ag210 and SD/Ag211 (SD=SunDi), were found to co‐crystallize in forming compound 1. Single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction (SCXRD) revealed that they differ by only one Ag(PPh3). Their four‐shell nanoparticles consist of three pure Ag metal shells (Ag19@Ag52@Ag45) shielded by a silver‐organic Ag89(iPrPhS)71Cl[Ag(Ph3P)]n outermost shell. The number (n) of Ag(Ph3P) is five for SD/Ag210 and six for SD/Ag211. The pseudo‐fivefold symmetric Ag nanoparticles exhibit surface plasmon absorption similar to a true metallic state but at the nanoscale. This work exemplifies the important effects of phosphine in stabilizing large silver nanoparticles; and offers a platform to investigate the origin of differences in nanoscale metal materials, even differing by only one metal atom; it also sheds light on the regioselective binding of auxiliary Ph3P on the surface of silver nanoparticles.
Nickel Metal–Organic Framework Monolayers for Photoreduction of Diluted CO2: Metal‐Node‐Dependent Activity and Selectivity
Authors: Han Bin , Ou Xinwen , Deng Ziqi , Song Yao , Tian Chen , Deng Hong , Xu Yi‐Jun , Lin Zhang
Published: November 2018

Photocatalytic conversion of diluted CO2 into solar fuel is highly appealing yet still in its infancy. Herein, we demonstrate the metal‐node‐dependent performance for photoreduction of diluted CO2 by constructing Ni metal–organic framework (MOF) monolayers (Ni MOLs). In diluted CO2 (10 %), Ni MOLs exhibit a highest apparent quantum yield of 1.96 % with a CO selectivity of 96.8 %, which not only exceeds reported systems in diluted CO2 but also is superior to most catalysts in pure CO2. Whereas isostructural Co MOLs is almost inactive in diluted CO2, indicating the performance is dependent on the metal nodes. Experimental and theoretical investigations show that strong CO2 binding affinity of Ni MOLs is the crucial factor, which stabilizes the Ni‐CO2 adducts and facilitates CO2‐to‐CO conversion.