bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Epidemiology of Deaths from Injuries in Nineveh Governorate
Authors: Ahmed Mahmoud M. , Hussein Ahmed A. , Younis Nasir M.
Published: April 2023

Objective: The aim of this study is to determine the epidemiology of deaths of injuries in Nineveh governorate.
Methodology: A retrospective study is applied to determine the epidemiology of deaths of injuries in Ninevehgovernorate. The sample consists of (5707), (4180) male and (1527) female. The period of the study was (5years), in (2008 to 2012). The sample aged between (1_ 65) years old or more. Data collected in ForensicMedicine Center, Primary health care sectors in Nineveh governorate, and Nineveh Health Department, byreviewing the available records. Descriptive and inferential statistical approaches are used for data analysis(Frequency, Percentage).
Results: The results of the study show that the epidemiology of deaths of injuries in Nineveh governorate is inhighest percentage of violence (49.517 %), demonstrating that male injuries are higher than that of femaleinjuries (73,243%).
Conclusion: This study concluded that the high rate of epidemiology of deaths of injuries in Ninevehgovernorate aged between (15-44 years of age) and the majority causes of injury deaths due to the violence.
Recommendation: The study recommends that the procedure of complete study of calculation mortality rate inIraq, of injuries like (violence, explosion and bullet injury), requires the cooperation of Ministry of Health tofacilities data collection for the researchers, which is important to enable them to fulfill their task in this field
Impact Of Social Interaction Anxiety Upon Psychological Well-Being Of Nursing Collegians' In Iraq
Authors: Al-Amarei Hossam M.
Published: April 2023

Objective(s): The aim of this study is to assess the impact of social interaction anxiety upon psychological wellbeingof nursing collegians.
Methodology: descriptive analytic study is carried out at University of Baghdad, Karkuk, Thi-Qar, and Kufa, colleges of nursing in Feb 8th, 2011 to Sep. 25th, 2011. A sample of all first class nursing collegians'(N=330) were selected of a probability sample of nursing colleges by dividing Iraq to three geographical areas (South ,North, and Middle Euphrates) in addition to Baghdad. The data are collected through the use of self-administered questionnaire consists of three parts: First part socio-demographic data form students; the second part contains the Psychological Well-being Instrument which includes: General Health Questionnaire and part three, Social Interaction Anxiety scale. The data was described statistically and analyzed through use of the descriptive and inferential statistical analysis procedures.
Results: The study results showed that the major effect among psychological well-being scales present, in thegeneral health questionnaire (75%), the study results show the effect of the Social Interaction Anxiety was 15%.Social interaction has significant impact upon nursing collegians psychological well-being. gender, age, maritalstatus, residence, nature of residence of nursing collegians have no significant impact on all their psychologicalwell-being scale.
Conclusion: The study concluded that most of the nursing collegians have low level of psychological well-beingand this level was affected by the variable of social interaction anxiety.
Recommendations: The study recommended to provide opportunities for students to participate in organizations,conferences, and study projects to elevate their level of self esteem and constructing and implementing educationalprograms for secondary schools teachers about how to decrease social interaction anxiety among their pupils.Establishing a new counseling programs center and cognitive behavioral programs for university students to promote their psychological well-being.
Reflecting on Teacher’s Authority through Hannah Arendt’s “The Crisis in Education”
Authors: Ruankool Nopparat
Published: April 2023

Child-centered education has become pervasive due to its emphasis on freedom, which is highly valued in modern society. This progressive approach has brought an inquiry into the teacher’s authority which is viewed as traditional and irrelevant for students today. This essay aims to step back and to explore the concept of the teacher’s ‘authority’ more deeply through Hannah Arendt’s writing entitled “The Crisis in Education”. It begins by analyzing what Arendt means by the ‘crisis’ in education, particularly in the American context. Then, by departing from the progressive interpretation, I re-examine the concept of ‘authority’ and its relation to ‘freedom’, based on ancient Greek and Roman understandings. Drawing on these analyses, Arendt asserts that teachers play a significant role because they prepare students to love and care for the world (amor mundi). Nevertheless, I argue that a teacher’s authority must also include attention to the private realm that continues impacting students’ learning at schools. Only in this way are students genuinely prepared for their responsibility as political agents in our society.

Abstrak

Pendidikan yang berpusat pada anak menjadi kian populer karena sangat menekankan kebebasan, sesuatu yang sedemikian dijunjung tinggi oleh masyarakat modern. Pendekatan progresif ini membuat otoritas guru lantas dipertanyakan, karena dianggap terlalu tradisional dan tidak relevan lagi. Artikel ini ingin menelusuri konsep ‘otoritas’ guru secara lebih mendalam melalui tulisan filsuf Hannah Arendt yang berjudul “The Crisis in Education”. Pertama, akan diselidiki makna ‘krisis’ dalam konteks Pendidikan di USA. Kedua, sedikit menyimpang dari tafsiran progresif dan dengan menimba inspirasi dari pemahaman Yunani dan Romawi kuno, artikel ini hendak menilai kembali makna ‘otoritas’ dan relasinya dengan ‘kebebasan’. Ketiga, berdasarkan analisis makna ‘otoritas’ tersebut, Arendt menegaskan bahwa guru memainkan peran krusial karena merekalah yang menyiapkan siswa untuk mencintai dan peduli kepada dunia sekitarnya (amor mundi). Penulis berpendapat lebih lanjut bahwa otoritas guru harus memperhatikan dimensi privat yang sangat memengaruhi proses pembelajaran siswa di sekolah. Hanya dengan demikian siswa dapat sungguh siap untuk kemudian memikul tanggung jawab sebagai aktor-aktor politis dalam masyarakat.

Kata-kata kunci: otoritas, kebebasan, pendidikan-berpusat-pada-anak, dimensi privat, dimensi politis, amor mundi
Dynamic performance of a point absorber WEC considering nonlinear hardening spring under irregular waves
Authors: Chang Zongyu , Hou Zhenhua , Zheng Zhongqiang
Published: April 2023

Wave energy is a kind of clean renewable energy that is huge and still need further research. Point absorber wave energy converter (PA-WEC) is widely utilized for offshore power devices. The PA-WEC utilizes the heave motion to drive linear electric generator or a hydraulic motor to generator using power take off (PTO) system. And the PTO system usually is assumed to be a linear spring and a linear damper. Because of the larger motion, the PTO system, which exhibited non-linear behavior, is considered as linear spring with the nonlinear hardening spring and a linear damper. Through the time domain method, the dynamic model of the PA-WEC is developed under irregular waves. The state space model replaced the convolution term in the frequency domain equation. The dynamic response of the PA-WEC is researched considering different environmental parameters by Runge-Kutta method. Then the power and power ratio performance of the system is obtained. Compare with the linear WEC, the results show that the nonlinear WEC can increase the power captured in irregular waves.
Kajian Terjemahan Takarir Verdictives Dengan Pendekatan Multi Semiotika
Authors: Sulistyo Chendy , Felayati Safrina
Published: April 2023

A film has a complex narrative and relates to coherence between the caption (a lingual unit) and moving images (a visual context). A narrative approach is needed in analyzing the film to see the context of the situation when the caption appears in the scene. This is a consideration in making captions so that the translation is acceptable and not literal. The subtitle of this film is studied by looking at the illocution speech acts that are present without consideration in the narrative and audio-visual interplay that plays in it. There have been a lot of research on film subtitles before, but only focused on the linguistic unit. Some of them have tried to see the speech act in film subtitles. The studies that have been carried out have not considered the audio-visual element when the caption appears so that it only sees it as a linguistic unit and only sees the environment linguistically. One form of speech act that appears in the film caption F.R.I.E.N.D.S is the illocution speech act. According to Anggraeni & Sari (2021:213) illocution speech acts are speech acts that aim to state something or also called The Act of Saying Something. The problems studied in this study are; 1) how are the subtitles translated in the F.R.I.E.N.D.S film, 2) how are the subtitles translated in the F.R.I.E.N.D.S film with time constraints. Based on the data analysis that has been carried out, it can be concluded that illocution speech acts are also included in the film's caption but have not considered the visual context. In the film, the role of characters and narrative theory becomes important to be able to express illocution speech acts in conveying their speech
O kolonializmie niezachodnim
Authors: Adamczak Marcin
Published: April 2023

Tekst jest recenzją książki Krzysztofa Loski W cieniu Imperium Wschodzącego Słońca. Japoński projekt kolonialny i kultura filmowa w Azji Wschodniej (2022) poświęconej planowi imperialnemu realizowanemu przez Japonię od końca XIX w. do 1945 r. Znaczącą rolę odgrywało w nim kino. Zaletą publikacji jest ukazanie projektu kolonialnego prowadzonego przez mocarstwo niezachodnie w odniesieniu do wspólnot pokrewnych kulturowo hegemonowi. W książce omówiono dzieje japońskiego planu kolonizacyjnego realizowanego względem podbitych społeczeństw Tajwanu, Korei oraz Chin. Istotnym elementem analiz jest przedstawienie polityki pamięci. Wywód historyczny uzupełniają interludia poświęcone współczesnym filmom traktującym o wydarzeniach historycznych związanych z japońskimi próbami mocarstwowymi.
Ograniczenia wiekowe dla widzów w świetle ustawodawstwa II Rzeczpospolitej i ich wpływ na rynek filmowy
Authors: Rogowski Grzegorz
Published: April 2023

Autor bada zmiany w polskim ustawodawstwie w zakresie dostępności filmów dla nieletnich w okresie międzywojennym. Analizuje następujące po sobie akty prawne oraz Ustawę o filmach i ich wyświetlaniu, okoliczności ich powstania oraz zmiany, jakie ze sobą niosły. Opisuje dyskurs medialny, jaki toczył się wokół tych zmian, zaznaczając główne głosy sporu, czyli Kościół katolicki, publicystów filmowych, nauczycielstwo oraz samą młodzież, i nakreślając ich motywacje oraz argumenty. Przybliża także wpływ toczącej się dyskusji na realne działania państwa związane z dostępem młodzieży do kina. Zestawia kwestię sposobu działania polskiego rynku filmowego z odczuwalnym brakiem filmów młodzieżowych na ekranach oraz wyraźną niechęcią producentów do inwestowania w tego typu obrazy, starając się odpowiedzieć na pytanie, dlaczego w przedwojennej Polsce praktycznie nie wyświetlano produkcji dla młodzieży i w jaki sposób starano się wypełnić tę lukę na rynku dystrybucyjnym.
STRENGTHENING OF RC BEAM USING CARBON FIBER REINFORCED POLYMER LAMINATES
Authors: Sebastin Vimalan Dr .P. Maria Antony , Gandhi Dr.A.G.MohanDas , Dr.K.Krishnamoorthy  , Ms.k.Renu  , Raja A Mahesh
Published: April 2023

Numerous factors, including I the need to upgrade existing structures as a result of infrastructure development, (ii) excessive deflection, cracking, and insufficient ultimate strength, (iii) the need to carry higher permissible loads, (iv) design flaws, (v) subpar building techniques, (vi) poor durability, etc., have made structural strengthening of reinforced concrete (RC) structural elements necessary. Structures or components may occasionally be overloaded, which results in increased cracking and decreased stiffness/strength. The repair and retrofitting of RC structural components can be handled using a number of well-liked procedures, including externally bonded steel plates, concrete jacketing, fiber-reinforced laminates or sheets, external pre-stressing, and external bar reinforcement techniques. Because to a significant mismatch in the tensile strength and stiffness of that material, strengthening employing CFRP has recently been found to be susceptible to unfavourable brittle failures. These restrictions are essential for selecting the right technology and material for strengthening. Each method or retrofit material has advantages and disadvantages of its own. Low strength to weight ratios, compatibility challenges between the parent and repair materials, corrosion and durability problems, and failure modes are the main drawbacks of these techniques.
AUTOMATION OF STUDENTS INFORMATION SYSTEM USING PHP
Authors: Ranjith Dr.N.
Published: April 2023

The faculty members in the college departments maintain the data manually using the hardcopy and a few basic technologies. However, the limitation is that neither the students nor the parents have access to this information. While following the manual system, the staff members contact the parents to inform the grades of their wards, test results and attendance history. This leads to extra consumption of time and employed parents are unable to take time off their busy schedule. This research article is a study on automating the student information system to be accessed outside the organization in order to minimize the time involved and increase the range of accessibility. The system's user interface is simple, and data administration is efficient. The system has four components. Student attendance, result analysis, tracking placement information, and faculty attendance system are among them. Students, HOD’s, and tutors are the users. Results are sent to the students in the PDF format.
ANALYSIS OF SHELL AND TUBE HEAT EXCHANGER USING CFD”
Authors: Rajeswari D  , A.Nandhakumar  , J.Muthukumar  , P.Ramesh
Published: April 2023

Our paper's main goal is to design the Heat Exchanger by adjusting many variables to improve its performance and efficiency, to find the best solutions, and to prepare it for use in challenging and dangerous situations. The heat exchanger, which involves both fluid flow and heat transfer, is simulated using the CFD technique. Through this procedure, we discover the pressure distributions, velocity vectors, and temperature gradients. This analysis demonstrates that the temperature values between the simulated and experimental values differ.
The COVID-19 Conundrum and the Lived Experiences of Indonesian Final Year University Students
Authors: Rahmawati Aulia
Published: April 2023

The overarching research on the COVID-19 pandemic is dominated by the science-medical research area. There is a lacuna of research addressing the social dimension of the pandemic in relation to everyday lives. This research has utilized Heideggerian hermeneutic phenomenology to address the question of “How do Indonesian final-year students deal with the pandemic, and how do they make sense of it through their lived experiences?”. Focus group discussions and in-depth interviews were generated in order to interview 24 final-year university students. The findings and discussion revealed that two major themes emerged: challenges and disappointments. The participants cited supervision problems along with unsupportive home situations and loneliness/isolation as the challenges during this pandemic. This research also explored the way in which a sense of disappointment lies within the displacement of their living events, such as the loss of a spatial identity which is represented by the university spaces, through to the missed chance of having a graduation ceremony. The COVID-19 pandemic is a spiraling conundrum wherein the physical dimension of health often eclipses the mental-psychological dimension. This research demonstrates that the lasting effect of the pandemic stretches beyond the materiality discourses of public health. The social dimensions of everyday living experiences should be taken into consideration by policymakers, including university boards, when formulating higher education policies during the pandemic.
Unity Schools, National Integration and Development in Nigeria: An Appraisal
Authors: Gobo Prisca Abiye , Bolaji David
Published: April 2023

This article interrogates Unity Schools in the wider context of national integration and nation-building. In a bid to foster the bonds of unity among Nigerians, the government established many national Integration programmes and institutions including the Unity Schools. The study examines the importance of these schools to national cohesion. So as to unravel the ways in which these schools embraced Nigerian pluralism and cultural diversities in strengthening national unity. It is an important institution for discovering, exploring, and analysing the nature of cultural diversities, religious tolerance, and engendering oneness. This is imperative for Nigerian unity rather than uniformity. The methodology for this research is multidisciplinary in approach and historical in nature. Findings reveal that Unity Schools exemplify how new kinds of self-representation emerged and dissolved in these institutions and by extension, Nigeria. In doing so, this article contributes to remapping the historical significance of Unity Schools in national development. Traditionally segmented and distributed forms of knowledge were brought together in these schools to constitute more general history. Despite current challenges, the enduring legacies of Unity Schools remain sacrosanct. The experiment became an actual success story with some unexpectedly relevant benefits that were found by broadening search terms. The study concludes by acknowledging the relevance of institutional history to nation-building
Analysis of the Factors Influencing the Participation of Women's Papalele Fishermen to Improve the Family Economy
Authors: Sahertian Merlin Chrisbel , Tupamahu Maria , Nikijuluw Jeanee Belthia
Published: April 2023

The husband’s limited income as a fisherman causes the wife to play a role in supporting the economic life of the household. Working as papalele is the choice of fisherman’s wives besides marketing the results of  their husband’s response, this job is easier and quicker to generate income. The purpose of this study was to determine the factors the influence papalele fishing women to improve the family economy in the nusaniwe sub-District, Ambon City. The research method used is descriptive quanitative. The sampling technique for respondents in this study was random sampling. The number of samples from this study were 120 respondents (women papalele fishermen). This respondent represents another respondent who also works as a papalele. The sample calculation can use the Slovin formula, so the number of samples used in this study is 84,567 respondents rounded up to 85 respondents. Data collection techniques used in research are using questionnaires and interviews. Multiple linear regression analysis was used in this study. The results of the study obtained simultaneously the factors of education level, husband’s income and age have a significant effect on the role of fisherwomen in supporting the family economy in Nusaniwe District, Ambon City, while other factors, namely, education level, number of family dependents and age do not significantly influence the role of fisherwomen in supporting the family economy in the District Nusaniwe City of Ambon.
The Influence of Gymnastics on Disminore Inadolescent Women
Authors: Wulandari Priharyanti
Published: April 2023

Dysmenorrhea is a condition that occurs when menstruation can interfere with activity and require treatment. Handling of dysmenorrhea is divided into two pharmacologically can be handled with analgesic therapy while non-pharmacologically can be treated with relaxation techniques such as gymnastics. Gymnastics is one of the non-pharmacological methods to reduce dysminorea. Method Quasi experimental research design with one group pre-test - post test design without control group. The number of samples 33 people. Data collection using observation sheets by examining the scale of dysmenorrhea before and after given the exercise intervention. Results In this study using the Wilcoxon signed rank analysis method. . Z value = -4.893 and p value 0.000 ≤ 0.05 Ho is rejected Ha is accepted, which means that there is an effect of gymnastics on decreasing the disminore pain scale between before Gymnastics and after Gymnastics.
In House Training 3S (SDKI. SLKI, SIKI) to Improve Nurses' Knowledge of 3S-Based Nursing Care
Authors: Purnamasari Ika , Raharyani Anisa Ell , Karim Yahya
Published: April 2023

Nurses are obliged to carry out nursing practice in accordance with established standards. The standards set by PPNI (Indonesian Nation Nurses Association) as standards in carrying out nursing care are SDKI (Indonesian Nursing Diagnosis Standards), SLKI (Indonesian Nursing Output Standards), and SIKI (Indonesian Nursing Intervention Standards). In-House Training is one of the efforts to increase nurses' knowledge and skills in conducting 3S-based nursing documentation in accordance with the standards set by PPNI.  This training aims to increase nurses' knowledge about 3S-based nursing care. This study is a quantitative study with a pre - posttest design approach without control sample consisting of 131 nurses in a private hospital taken via total sampling. The instrument used was a knowledge questionnaire that had been tested for validity using judgment validity with the result > 0,3 that the all items were valid. Data normality test with Kolmogorov Smirnov with a significance value of 0.000 (abnormal data distribution). Data analysis using Wilcoxon test (sig 0.000). The mean value of the pretest was 43.84 and the mean value of the post test was 89.12. the lowest pretest value was 16 and the highest was 84, while the lowest posttest value (64), the highest posttest (100). A total of 130 nurses (99.23%) experienced an increase in post test scores. There was an increase in nurses' knowledge about 3S-based nursing care before and after training.
Knowledge and Interests of Women of Childbearing Age (PUS) about Acetic Acid Visual Inspection (IVA)
Authors: Komariyah Siti , Rosidah Lely Khulafa'ur , Sucipto Sucipto , Kristanto Heni
Published: April 2023

Reproductive health is a complete physical, mental and social condition, not only free from disease or disability in all aspects related to the reproductive system, its functions and processes. Cervical cancer is a primary malignant tumor originating from squamous epithelial cells, cancer that occurs in the cervix or cervix which is located between the uterus and the vaginal opening. Overcoming this problem requires efforts to solve the problem with other screening methods that are more capable, cost-effective and possible to be carried out in Indonesia. One of the alternative methods of cervical cancer screening that can answer these requirements is IVA (Visual Inspection with Acetic Acid Overlay). Women of Childbearing Age (PUS) about Acetic Acid Visual Inspection (IVA) In RW 05, Campurejo Village, Mojo Subdistrict, Kediri The research design used in this research is correlation research. The approach in this study uses a Cross Sectional approach. This research was conducted to find a relationship between the knowledge of Women of Childbearing Age (PUS) about Acetic Acid Visual Inspection (IVA) with an interest in Acetic Acid Visual Inspection (IVA).Results: Based on the results of the Spearman Rank test, P value = 0.007 <0.05 from a significant level of 5%, then H0 is rejected and H1 is accepted, meaning that there is a relationship between women's knowledge of IVA about IVA with interest in doing IVA in RW 05 Kelurahan Campurejo District City of Kediri. From results can be concluded that H1 is accepted, meaning that there is a relationship between knowledge of women of childbearing age (IVA) about Visual Inspection of Acetic Acid (IVA) with an interest in conducting Visual Inspection of Acetic Acid (IVA).
Assessing Halal Tourism Literacy: A Conceptual Framework
Authors: Supryadi Didy Ika , Sudiro Achmad , Rohman Fatchur , Sumiati Sumiati
Published: April 2023

As consumers in the halal tourism market, Muslim tourists are expected to follow clear guidelines in consuming a product, but not everyone does so. A possible reason for this is that they have a low understanding of halal tourism literacy. This study explores the concept of halal tourism and proposes an instrument and indicators to measure halal tourism literacy among Muslim tourists. This study proposes two methods: a) an instrument with 19 test-based questions and 2) an instrument with eight perception-based questions. The questionnaires consist of Likert scales and true-false questions, developed based on past research and validated using focus group discussions (FGDs). The ratio of correct and incorrect answers is used to determine the level of difficulty of each question item. After the construct validity was tested using confirmatory factor analysis (CFA), the scores were used to categorize respondents into high, medium, and low literacy groups. Meanwhile, the concurrent validity test looks at the correlation between the actual halal tourism literacy and the perceived halal tourism literacy. The CFA results declared valid the 17 out of 19 test-based questions and all the eight perception-based questions. Meanwhile, the correlation test results showed that perceived halal tourism literacy positively correlates with actual halal tourism literacy. This research seeks to contribute to the body of knowledge, especially in proposing measurement items for halal tourism literacy.
What the Heller is Going on With the Second Amendment: Are Licensing Requirements Living up to the Heller Standard?
Authors: Barron Josue
Published: April 2023

The full extent and guarantees of the Second Amendment have yet to be understood in light of modern advances in weaponry. Further, there is little Supreme Court precedent to aid in defining the scope of the Second Amendment. With challenges to restrictions on concealed carrying of firearms in public, the Second Amendment requires much clarification. Federal circuit courts are divided on how to apply the Second Amendment to firearm licensing schemes and differ on the interpretation of the Heller decision. This Note provides guidance on understanding the core protection of the Second Amendment and the presumptions left by the Supreme Court’s Heller decision. Additionally, this Note will discuss the traditional understanding of the Second Amendment and whether the scrutiny analysis applies to Second Amendment cases.
The Marathon Continues: Texas NIL Has Room to Grow
Authors: Blaine Johnathon
Published: April 2023

College athletes are now permitted to profit off their name, image, and likeness. However, while a hodgepodge of different regulations exists state-by-state and Congress continues to drag its feet to pass a federal framework, Texas restricts college athletes from maximizing their name, image, and likeness earning potential. This Comment proposes improvements to Senate Bill 1385 that would allow college athletes in Texas to partner with the same categories of “taboo” products as their respective university and to endorse products from competing brands, provided such endorsement is outside of a university-sponsored event, with an exception allowing unrestricted endorsement of footwear. This Comment encourages Texas to develop a trust system that holds group licensing revenues in trust until the respective students leave the university. College athletes would not only maximize their name, image, and likeness earning potential but also connect with local businesses. At the same time, universities in Texas would continue to position themselves as attractive destinations for top athletes nationwide. These suggested improvements are inspired by existing state and proposed federal legislation and suggestions from federal judges and a Supreme Court Justice.
Species Survival or the “3S Method”? How the Endangered Species Act Disincentivizes Landowner Cooperation and Threatens the Species It Supposedly Saves
Authors: Mahaffy William Edward
Published: April 2023

The Endangered Species Act (ESA) places restrictions on landowners when their property harbors endangered species. Though well-intentioned as a method of promoting species recovery, these restrictions actually have the reverse effect. Instead of accepting ESA regulations, landowners secretly eliminate endangered species from their property in what is colloquially known as “shoot, shovel, and shut up.” Collaboration between landowners and agencies is essential for species preservation. This Article illustrates the collaboration options, some within the limits of the ESA and others requiring its reform. The four options analyzed are (1) landowner peer review of species listing procedures, (2) congressional clarification of listing standards, (3) creation of a public trust for endangered species stewardship, and (4) formation of landowner-run regulatory entities with established standards reviewable by agencies.
Hacking or Hatching the Skinny Label: How the Federal Circuit’s Decision in GSK v. Teva Threatens Generics and Induced Infringement
Authors: McCallum Kayla
Published: April 2023

This Note focuses on the recent precedential decision handed down by the Federal Circuit in GlaxoSmithKline LLC v. Teva Pharmaceuticals USA, Inc., which impacts “one of the greatest public health inventions of the 21st century”: generic drugs. An invention that rose to prominence when former President Ronald Reagan signed into law the Hatch-Waxman Act (“the Act”), formally known as the Drug Price Competition and Patent Term Restoration Act of 1984. The Act aimed to increase competition between brand-name and generic manufacturers while balancing two seemingly opposing interests: (1) encourage and reward innovation by pioneer drug companies and (2) increase access to low-cost alternatives. This in-depth analysis will evaluate how the Federal Circuit’s decision has jeopardized the Act’s purpose and conflicts with present U.S. policy under the Biden administration. Additionally, it will offer a critical analysis of Katherine Eban’s book, Bottle of Lies, which chronicles the generic drug boom that transpired after the Act’s passage. Eban’s often one-sided account fails to provide depth and context to an industry vital to public health.
Ethnocratic state in Latvia as a threat to Russia’s national interests in the Baltic region
Authors: Frolov Vasily
Published: April 2023

The article examines the peculiarities of building an ethnocratic state in the Republic of Latvia in the post-Soviet period, which sees in the Russian Federation, Russians, the «Russian world» a threat to its integrity and sovereignty.
The work notes that in post-Soviet Latvia, the Russian and Russian-speaking population is subjected to the most severe discrimination by the local Latvian authorities, who have been implementing the idea of building an ethnocratic state for three decades.
In this Baltic state, Russians are confronted with the following most acute and egregious problems: massive statelessness, anti-Russian language policy, lack of the main part of «non-citizens» of political rights, falsification of national history. At the same time, the Latvian political elite in the most active way continues to carry out the processes of Latvianization and assimilation of the Russian population of the republic. One of the directions of such a policy is linguistic and ethnocultural assimilation, expressed in attempts to spread the Latvian language among the non-Latvian (Russian) population with the subsequent adoption of the Latvian ethnic identity.
To a large extent, such an anti-Russian and anti-Russian policy in the Republic of Latvia is being pursued by the local authorities to please their new «elder brother» and ally – the United States of America. Latvia has long been in economic and political dependence on Washington and the countries of the European Union. That is why this Baltic republic, in its relations with Russia, has to act with an eye on the «elder brother», his opinion.
Based on the results of the study, it is concluded that the presence of a state at its borders, in which a conscious anti-Russian and anti-Russian policy has been pursued for a long period of time, cannot but cause anxiety and concern in the Russian Federation. That is why it will be quite logical if in the near future Russia takes a number of steps in the political arena with regard to Latvia, aimed at protecting its national interests in the Baltic region.
Position of Russia on cooperation with the USA in the field of education (1992–2022)
Authors: Kosau Alexandr
Published: April 2023

The article analyzes the development of Russian-American cooperation in the post-bipolar period. For Russia, it had a dual character. On the one hand, the Russian education sector was integrated into the international educational system, received access to Western achievements and funding, and on the other hand, there was a “brain drain and brainwashing”, the imposition of Western standards in the education and upbringing of Russians, the use of education as a tool for “soft strength”. It is concluded that the cooperation between the Russian Federation and the United States in the field of education was the least politicized part of bilateral relations.
Determining the Transmission Capacity of Existing Transmission Lines Under High Wind Generation Conditions
Authors: Pavičić Ivan , Župan Alan , Žmire Marija , Holjevac Ninoslav
Published: April 2023

Determining the transmission capacity of existing transmission lines is determine by the conductor current. Transmission line can withstand current below thermal standpoint limit to avoid irreparable damage to conductor. The maximum value of current can be determined with static approach (STR – Static Thermal Rating) and dynamic approach (DTR - Dynamic Thermal Rating). STR is defined by simple calculations and does not change often throughout the year where the DTR is calculated for in time conditions taking into account atmospheric conditions, conductor geometry and conductor current. Most common approach to calculate conductor temperature is done by applying IEEE standard (IEEE 738, 2012) or CIGRE (TB601, 2014). Most congestion in the transmission network occurs during the higher production from wind farms when the wind have significant speed. It is to be expected that similar meteorological conditions (wind speed and direction) will occur on transmission lines in the immediate geographical area of wind power plants.
In this paper, analysis of relations between atmospheric parameters (wind speed and direction, ambient temperature and solar radiation) and ampacity is described as functional dependence. Taking historical weather data from meteorological stations, atmospheric conditions on transmission line corridors and taking account the frequency of occurrence of individual meteorological variations ampacity of conductor will be determined. For such determined conditions that are influenced by a certain parameters variation of ampacity have a different rating scales. The obtained results will provide an insight into the current ampacity and the possibilities of the transmission line capacity during the high engagement of wind power plants.
MELCOR-To-MELCOR Coupling Method in Severe Accident Analysis Involving Core and Spent Fuel Pool
Authors: Lopez Hector , Petruzzi Alessandro , Giannotti Walter , De Luca Domenico
Published: April 2023

A lot of effort has been spent to prevent the occurrence of SA in nuclear plant and to develop Severe Accidents (SA) Management to mitigate the consequences of a SA. Those consequences are mainly related to limit the release of fission product to the environment. The core in the vessel is not the only source of fission products as the Spent Fuel Pool (SFP) hosting the fuel removed by the core is, in some NPP, inside the containment and SA conditions can also occur. This is especially important in reactors having proximity between the RPV and SFP such as the VVER-1200. This close proximity implies that any SA occurring in the SFP potentially affects the RPV and vice-versa. This potential combination might cause unexpected evolution in the SA progression to whom the safety systems are not able to contain. MELCOR code is a widely used, flexible powerful SA code but it is incapable (due to the uniqueness of the COR package use inside the same input) to reproduce a situation in which both the fuel in vessel core and the fuel in the SFP, inside the same containment, are going to experience a severe accident scenario. The current study presents a MELCOR-to-MELCOR coupling method to simulate simultaneously scenarios with both, core and SFP, as sources capable of H2 generation, fuel damage and FP release in a VVER-1200 NPP. The coupling is performed by running two simulations in parallel and with the data exchange supervised and managed by a dedicated Python coupling supervising script developed at NINE.
Evaluación formativa por medio de gamificación en el aprendizaje de las ciencias sociales
Authors: Defas Ayala Roberto Vinicio , Fanny Patricia Gavilanes Cahuasqui  , Molina Herrera Silvana Margoth , Sánchez Buenaño Carlos César , Carabajo Quiñonez Marianita de Jesús
Published: April 2023

El aprendizaje de las Ciencias Sociales, representa un reto para los docentes, a su vez los estudiantes presentan dificultades para aprender y aprehender sus conceptos más relevantes, añadiendo a esto la desmotivación hacia el proceso de evaluación. Por ello, se tuvo como objetivo general determinar a la gamificación como una estrategia efectiva de evaluación en el aprendizaje del área de ciencias sociales en el bachillerato de la unidad educativa “Educar 2000”. Se desarrolló bajo la modalidad aplicada de tipo documental y descriptiva. Se aplicó la muestra no probabilística a cincuenta y tres personas que fueron sometidas a una encuesta. Se obtuvo como resultados que, el nivel de aprendizaje de los estudiantes en el área de ciencias sociales fue bajo con el 64%, evidenciándose dificultades para la construcción de conocimientos, y por ende, en la apropiación de los contenidos, por lo que es indispensable que el docente emplee formas más divertidas y efectivas de evaluar el conocimiento en esta área, por cuanto los estudiantes evidencian dificultades en el aprendizaje de las ciencias sociales, por esta razón se aportó la gamificación como herramienta para fomentar la evaluación formativa.
Evaluación formativa y sumativa en el Proceso Educativo: Revisión de Técnicas Innovadoras y sus efectos en el Aprendizaje Del Estudiante
Authors: Chacón Tapia Paúl Trajano , Yánez Soria Jenny Elizabeth , María Concepción Soria Vásquez  , Caillagua Robayo Dorys Aleida , Siza Moposita Claudia Mercedes
Published: April 2023

El presente artículo de revisión se enfocó en analizar la importancia de la evaluación formativa y sumativa en el proceso educativo y sus efectos en el aprendizaje del estudiante. Se utilizaron bases de datos como Scopus, Scielo y Latindex para seleccionar artículos de revisión y originales publicados en los últimos 5 años por autores de diferentes partes del mundo, incluyendo América Latina. En cuanto a los resultados obtenidos, se encontró que la evaluación formativa y sumativa son técnicas de evaluación complementarias que pueden mejorar significativamente el proceso educativo y el aprendizaje del estudiante. Diferentes autores destacaron la importancia de utilizar la evaluación formativa de manera efectiva para mejorar el aprendizaje de los estudiantes y se encontró que su uso efectivo puede mejorar el rendimiento académico de los estudiantes. Además, los autores latinoamericanos también destacaron la importancia de utilizar la evaluación formativa de manera efectiva para mejorar el proceso educativo y el aprendizaje de los estudiantes en diferentes niveles educativos, desde la educación primaria hasta la educación superior.
Calidad de vida y estrés en estudiantes de medicina en Cajamarca-Perú-2023
Authors: Diaz Sánchez F. , Medina Rafael E. , Potosí Ucancial J. , Quiñones Caballero H. , Santos Irigoín M. , Bazualdo Fiorini E.
Published: April 2023

Objetivos: Determinar la influencia de la calidad de vida en el estrés de los estudiantes de medicina de una universidad de Cajamarca durante el 2023. Identificar el nivel de calidad de vida y el grado de estrés, y establecer las dimensiones de calidad de vida y otros factores que influyen en el estrés. Materiales y métodos: El presente estudio fue tipo básico con enfoque cuantitativo, de tipo transversal con método correlacional. La población de estudiantes fue de 175 estudiantes, y la muestra fue de 106 estudiantes. Se usó el cuestionario SISCO SV-21 con alfa de Cronbach del 0.85 y el cuestionario WHOQOL-BREF 26 con alfa de Cronbach del 0.89. Para el tratamiento de la información recolectada, se usó la estadística descriptiva e inferencial con un nivel de significancia p<0.05 usando para ello el paquete estadístico Excel y el sistema Epi Info. Resultados: Encontramos un 71,70% altos niveles de estrés y 96% de una calidad de vida baja. Se halló un valor de p = 0.317 con respecto a la relación de las dos variables. Con respecto a las dimensiones de la calidad de vida que predispone a tener estrés alto, se encontró significativo a la salud psicológica (p = 0.0025) y RP de 2.88; y las relaciones sociales (p= 0.036). Finalmente, en relación a sexo y presentación de estrés (p significativo de =0,0084) con RP de 1.37.

Conclusión: No existe correlación significativa entre el estrés y la calidad de vida de los estudiantes de medicina, Existen elevados niveles de estrés y de sensación de mala calidad de vida entre los estudiantes. El sexo femenino, la salud mental y las relaciones sociales se relacionan significativamente con elevados de estrés.
Análisis de riesgos psicosociales en una empresa mexicana del giro manufacturero
Authors: Castillo Villalba Rocio Anayeli
Published: April 2023

El objetivo del presente trabajo fue identificar los riesgos psicosociales a los que están expuestos los operadores de una empresa manufacturera mexicana por medio de una aplicación del Cuestionario Psicosocial de Copenhague debido a que son preguntas estandarizadas que pueden permitir una adaptación a la necesidad de la empresa. La recolección de datos fue con 57 personas en total del área de producción, así mismo, para analizar los datos se utilizó una ponderación. Logrando identificar que los operadores se sienten presionados en sus actividades al tener poco tiempo de distracción en sus actividades, lo cual representa el 59.64% a diferencia de la dimensión de seguridad laboral pues representa un 26.31%. También se encontró que se tienen jornadas largas y con poco tiempo de descanso. Este trabajo aporta a la literatura como analizar el cuestionario, así como una visualización a una empresa mexicana.
El aprendizaje basado en proyectos: una experienciade la EBC en la carrera de ingeniería industrial en calidad de la universidad la Salle Noroeste
Authors: Covarrubias Couder María Anabell , Jiménez López Eusebio , Amavizca Valdez Laura Olivia , Tolano Gutiérrez Helga Karina , Vázquez Moreno Erika Ercilia , Gaytán Martínez Lilia Zulema
Published: April 2023

La Educación Basada en Competencias se perfila como un enfoque educativo para apoyar a la Educación 4.0. De la misma manera, las metodologías activas son técnicas que se están aplicando para poder formar a los ingenieros en el contexto de la Industria 4.0. En este sentido, la Universidad La Salle Noroeste desde el año 2011 tiene implementado un programa de competencias en todos sus programas académicos y capacita a sus profesores mediante un diplomado abierto. En este artículo se presentan algunos resultados de la aplicación del modelo por competencias aplicado a las carreras de ingeniería de la Universidad La Salle Noroeste. Se describe la definición del modelo de competencias lasallistas y la aplicación de las metodologías activas en materias de ingeniería. Para mostrar un caso de estudio, se tomará en cuenta el Aprendizaje Basado en Proyectos el cual fue utilizado para impulsar los aprendizajes de la materia de Automatización en la carrera Ingeniería Industrial en Calidad logrando resultados importantes. El tema tratado se refiere a la sincronización de sistemas productivos.
General hygiene and human ecology
Authors: Magomedov M. G. , Magomedova A. A. , Ibnumaskhudova P. M.
Published: April 2023

The manual, taking into account the modern requirements of medical science, discusses the main issues of the organization of sanitary and hygienic control and assessment of the impact of environmental and hygienic factors on the health of the population in the sections «Air environment as an environmental factor», «water Hygiene and water supply», «Nutrition of a healthy and sick person». Much attention is paid to illustrations of devices at the stages of laboratory studies of the studied hygienic factors, which is designed to facilitate the development of the discipline by students. All sections end with the final lesson, outlining the main questions on the theoretical and practical part of the topics covered, situational problems, approximate topics of reports, questions for independent work and tests. The manual has been approved and recommended for publication and use in the learning process by the decision of the Central Coordination Methodological Council of the DSMU.
Retorno da educação técnica no Brasil : um estudo em painel e cross-section de 2007 a 2018
Authors: Rosa Thiago Mendes , Cruz Bruno de Oliveira , Araújo Luiz Rubens Câmara de
Published: April 2023

Estimam os efeitos sobre a remuneração de trabalhadores em ocupações relacionadas ao ensino técnico no mercado formal, utilizando um painel com os trabalhadores formais da Relação Anual de Informações Sociais (Rais) para o período 2007-2018. Como um teste de robustez nos modelos, utilizou-se também as estimativas, controlando para seleção no mercado de trabalho, dos suplementos de educação e qualificação profissional das PNADs 2007 e 2014, para avaliar a consistência dos resultados em painel.
TD 2864 - Financiamento externo e transição energética nos países do BRICS
Authors: Mousinho Maria Cândida Arrais de Miranda , Coelho André Pires Batista
Published: April 2023

Apesar dos desafios para seu desenvolvimento, a transição energética é crucial não somente para se atingir a segurança energética e diminuir a dependência energética em regiões instáveis politicamente, mas – sobretudo pós-pandemia – para se cumprirem as metas estabelecidas na Agenda 2030. Nesse contexto, os países considerados desenvolvidos são fundamentais na trajetória para uma transição energética global segura, e os países do BRICS também adquirem inquestionável relevância: pela representatividade econômica, ambiental e social que detêm, estes Estados estão no centro de gravidade da produção e do consumo de energia. Nessa conjuntura, cabe inquirir como as principais economias globais se intercruzam com os países que compõem o BRICS em relação ao financiamento para a transição energética nesses países. Dessa forma, a questão norteadora deste trabalho foi a de conhecer quem são os principais financiadores – no âmbito da Organização para a Cooperação e Desenvolvimento Econômico (OCDE) – dos países que compõem o BRICS, para uma economia de baixo carbono. A metodologia adotada se pautou na revisão de literatura, que se aliou aos dados obtidos na prospecção das três bases de dados escolhidas para a realização de análises quantitativas, mediante a sumarização de cálculos estatísticos. Entre os resultados, pode-se apontar que, dos países do BRICS, a Índia foi o que mais recebeu financiamentos de países da OCDE para transição energética, e a Alemanha foi o principal financiador individual direto dos BRICS. Deve-se salientar que, relativamente às organizações multilaterais, o Banco Mundial teve papel de destaque no financiamento para a transição energética.