bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
An Application of Genetic Algorithms on the Synthesis Technique of Musical Instrument Tones
Authors: Jiang Kun , Shao Ling Chun , Guo Rui
Published: December 2014

Genetic algorithms are optimum algorithms which depend little on questions and are able to find global optimum.In order to implement the synthesis of musical instrument tones and modify its results,this paper proposes to use genetic algorithms to find and optimize the parameters of discrete summation synthesis.Finally,the synthesis result of Erhu instrument tones is given out in comparison with other methods.
Effect of the Fixation Treatment on the Staining Results of Reactive Dyes for Dyeing Bamboo
Authors: Wang Chun , Li Xian Jun , Li Yun , Cheng Xi Yi , He Xia
Published: December 2014

In this article, the crushed bamboo bundles were pre-treated with dilute alkali were used as raw materials and then treated with reactive dyes. The influence of the fixing process including Na2CO3 concentration and processing time was studied systematically and an optimized fixing process for dyeing bamboo bundles was obtained. The results showed that:1）These two treatment conditions all can improve the dye uptake and fixation rate; 2）With the increasing of Na2CO3 concentration, the dye uptake and fixation rate are rises gradually and all be increased 20% most, then get the stabilizing when it is 20g / L; The fixation treatment time has little effect on the staining results with the variation range under 7%; 3）The most satisfactory effect could be obtained: The Na2CO3 concentration and processing time is 20g/L and 30min, respectively.
IPA Recycling by Hydrolysis Reaction of TDI Residue
Authors: Zhang Lian Ming , Hu Yang Dong , Wu Lian Ying , Wang Xi , Wang Zhong Min
Published: December 2014

Thousands of tons of tar residue are gained as by-products in the production of toluene diisocyanate (TDI) using heavy solvent. It is very necessary to recycle the residue. In view of residue composition’s diversity, high purity isophthalic acid (IPA) was obtained as product by hydrolysis of diethyl isophthalate (DEIP) in the residue. Multiple factors which affected the yield of isophthalic acid were investigated. Suitable reaction conditions for industrial production were summarized: the tar residue was grinded to 100 mesh, mass ratio (NaOH: material) was 0.3:1, react in water for 3 hours at 90°C.
Determination of Henry Constants of Azelnidipine Enantiomers on Chiralpak AD Column at Different Temperatures
Authors: Fang Ying Ying , Zha Xiao Ling , Li Hui , Yu Wei Fang
Published: December 2014

Simulated moving bed (SMB) chromatographic separation has become a highly promising method for chiral separation due to the less solvent consumption and efficient utilization of stationary phase. As reported, Azelnidipine exists two isomeric forms, it is necessary to product azelnidipine single enantiomer for medical safety and drug developmen. However, the separation of azelnidipine enantiomers on SMB is complex, requiring many operating parameters. And the SMB processes with temperature gradient (non-isotherm) mode may have significant advantages over the traditional isothermal mode. In this article, the Henry constants of azelnidipine enantiomers were determined with pulse experiments on Chiralpak AD column at different temperatures. It provided important references for the production of azelnidipine single enantiomer with non-isotherm SMB.
Synthesis and Application of 1-(2,5-dimethyl-3-thiazolyl)-2-[2-methyl-5-phenyl-(4-vinyl)-3-thiophene]perfluorocyclopentene
Authors: Duan Fang , Liu Gang , Zhang Qing
Published: December 2014

A new unsymmetrical photochromic diarylethene 1-(2,5-dimethyl-3-thiazolyl)-2-[2-methyl-5-phenyl-(4-vinyl)-3-thiophene] perfluorocyclopentene (1o) was designed and constructed successfully. And its photochromic reactivity, HPLC, kinetics were also investigated systematically. Upon alternating irradiation with UV and visible light in solution, this compound exhibited reversible photochromism, undergoing reversible cyclization and cycloreversion reactions. Diarylethene 1 changed the color from colorless to orange, in which absorption maxima were observed at 596 nm in acetonitrile. What is more, the photoconversion ratio of 1 is 37%.
Parametric Investigations into Bore Honing through Response Surface Methodology
Authors: Kapoor Jatinder
Published: December 2014

In the existing literature, the effect of various process parameters of Bore Honing on some of the quality characteristic has been reported, but the information as to how these parameters interact with each other during the operation is inadequate. Therefore, it is required to study the combined effect of the input process parameters on the performance of honing operation in order to develop parametric relationships. In the present paper, parametric relationships have been developed between three input process parameters namely, Reciprocating Speed, Over-run, and Rotational speed and three response parameters i.e. Taper, Out of Roundness, and Surface finish by the application of Response surface methodology (RSM). Strong interaction was observed between various input parameter while affecting the performance of the process. The study of response surfaces revealed some interesting facts about Bore Honing Process.
Surface Topography and Kerf Study of Nimonic 80A Using Wire-Cut EDM
Authors: Goswami Amitesh , Kumar Jatinder
Published: December 2014

Nimonic-80A is a nickel based super alloy which is specifically used in aerospace industry for its high strength to weight ratio and corrosion resistance. This paper presents the influence of process parameters of wire cut Electrical Discharge Machining (WEDM) during the machining of Nimonic 80A with brass wire as electrode and optimization of machining parameters on kerf width. Process parameters (pulse-on time, pulse-off time, peak current, spark gap set voltage, wire feed and wire tension) have been investigated using L27orthogonal array. With the assistance of Taguchi quality design, ANOVA and F-test, significant parameters affecting the kerf have been identified. The surface topography of machined samples has been studied in correlation with the rate of input energy into the spark.
Machining of WC-Co Composites - A Review
Authors: Kataria Ravinder , Kumar Jatinder
Published: December 2014

This article aims to present a review on the machining of tungsten carbide-cobalt composite material. WC-Co based materials are extensively used where the demand for high performance materials exists because these have the distinguished set of properties such as high hardness, superior wear resistance, high mechanical strength and good dimensional stability. Due to these excellent properties, it serves most applications in the field of tool and die making. Machining of the WC-Co materials is very difficult with conventional machining processes and results in poor surface finish, low material removal rate, high machining cost. Among all non-conventional machining processes, thermal energy based processes such as Electrical discharge machining, Wire EDM are most widely used to machine these materials. The machining of WC-Co is also affected by various factors such as the cobalt content and grain size and presence of other carbides. This paper attempts to critically review all these aspects of the machining of WC-CO composites.
Virtual Laboratory for Study on Automation and Robotics
Authors: Smater Michał , Zieliński Jacek
Published: December 2014

The paper describes the concept of an Advanced Virtual Laboratory for Automation and Robotics using stereoscopic 3D video transmission augmented with computer generated virtual reality elements supporting students in understanding and constructing their personal conceptual knowledge of designing and controlling robotised and automated facilities. The article presents the assumptions and analysis of a modern virtual laboratory for robotics improving the process of education and responding to the needs of a modern market.
Miniature Tripod with Parallel Kinematics for Use in Clean Room Medical Laboratory Applications
Authors: Zbrowski Andrzej
Published: December 2014

The paper presents the structure of a precise parallel tri-axle manipulator with the functionality of progressing-tilting table. The end effector of the device is a platform, for which three coordinates of position are defined. The manipulator has three degrees of freedom: movement perpendicular to the base and rotation in two mutually perpendicular axes contained in the surface parallel to the base.The concept of the positioning mechanism is based on parallel tripod kinematics where the end effector – the platform – is seated on three active limbs – actuators. The use of parallel kinematics allowed modular construction of the positioning mechanism. The developed modular functional mechanism with minimal number of elements in kinematic chain ensures high positioning resolution. The concept of application of eccentric mechanism for platform positioning is an original idea in this solution. The compact construction allows applying the manipulator in medical devices that require meeting of the hygienic conditions in the medical test and research laboratories. The possibility of the utilisation of the precise manipulator covers wide areas of science and technology where precise positioning of the object is required, e.g. sample positioning for microscopes, scanning systems.
Modelling Multi-Way Planetary Gears by Means of Contour Graphs
Authors: Drewniak Józef , Zawiślak Stanisław , Wieczorek Andrzej
Published: December 2014

The present paper presents multi-way planetary gears modelled by means of contour graphs. The goals of modelling could be versatile: ratio calculating via algorithmic generation of equations, the analysis of forces and acceleration or optimization and structure analysis. The article describes an exemplary gear. Several drives/gears are consecutively taken into account discussing functional schemes, assigned contour graphs and a generated system of equations and their solutions. The advantages of the method include an algorithmic approach and a general approach where particular drives are the cases of the generally created model. Moreover, the method allows further examination and synthesis tasks, e.g. checking the isomorphism of design solutions.
Design of a Synchro-Drive Omnidirectional Mini-Robot
Authors: Tătar Mihai Olimpiu , Haiduc Florin , Mândru Dan
Published: December 2014

Using the synchro-drive principle, the paper presents a new omnidirectional mini-robot with conventional wheels. The synchro-drive principle is achieved applying geared mechanisms: three for steering and another three for displacement. The mini-robot uses two DC motors and three pairs of conventional wheels. The first DC motor controls the rotation of three pairs of the wheels around the horizontal axis thus generating the driving force (traction) to the mini-robot. The second motor controls the rotation of three pairs of the wheels around the vertical axis hence generating their orientation.
Distribution of Hydrodynamic Pressure in Slide Bearings Applying Lubricants of Different Viscosity
Authors: Laber Alicja , Adamczuk Krzysztof
Published: December 2014

The paper presents the results of tests on the distribution of hydrodynamic pressure in relation to the viscosity of a lubricant, the rotational speed of a journal and bearing load. Two different lubricants were selected for taking tests: base oil SN-150 and mineral engine oil. The distribution of hydrodynamic pressure was determined employing a device constructed for this particular purpose. It has been proved that the type of the lubricant, bearing load and, to a lesser extent, the rotational speed of the journal affect the distribution of hydrodynamic pressure.
Numerical Modeling of the Phenomena of Frictional Coupling between Wheel and Rail to Describe and Verify the Operation of Surface Condition Detector
Authors: Niedworok Andrzej , Baier Andrzej
Published: December 2014

Presentation of the numerical model describing a design and functionality of the prototype of surface condition detector is the paper subject. The detector, by monitoring the frictional coupling between so-called “tracking wheel” of the dedicated measuring transducer and a rail can analyse the condition of rail surface (presence of any factor that can deteriorate friction coefficient) [1]. Signal generated at the detector outlet, carrying information about local condition of rail surface, can be used to adjust braking torque of vehicles or machines moving on a track. Authors expect that implementation of the method will eliminated dangerous elongation of braking distance of rail vehicles in the result of loss of adhesion. Structure of detector of rail surface condition is described and its principle of operation is presented in a form of numerical model. Results of numerical simulations are given and they are compared with the measurements taken on the testing facility in real conditions.
Health Monitoring of the Aircraft Structure during a Full Scale Fatigue Test with Use of Resistive Ladder Sensors
Authors: Kurnyta Artur , Leski Andrzej , Dragan Krzysztof , Dziendzikowski Michal
Published: December 2014

The paper presents an application of resistive ladder sensors (or resistive crack gages) for health monitoring of an aircraft structure. An experiment was conducted during a Full Scale Fatigue Test (FSFT) of PZL 130 ORLIK TC II turbo-prop military trainer. The sensor can be successively used to detect and quantify fatigue cracks. It is a parametric transducer, similar to foil strain gages. Differences in shape of the measuring grid can be noticed. Principle of operation, sensor’s characteristics as well as block diagram of measurement system is presented in the paper. Also examples, both laboratory and FSFT data are delivered to prove surface crack detection capabilities. Simultaneously with new data collection, some investigation is carried out, connected with customize hardware elaboration, signal processing and structure-sensor integration method, what is briefly described.
CFD Analysis of Hydrodynamic Pressure Distribution in Non-Newtonian Oil in Journal Bearing Lubrication Gap
Authors: Czaban Adam
Published: December 2014

This paper presents the results of CFD analysis of the hydrodynamic pressure distribution in slide journal bearings lubricated by non-Newtonian oil. It was assumed that the oil shear stress varies from shear rate according to the Ostwald–de Waele relationship (power law lubricant). The comparison was related to bearings differences only in properties of lubricating oil – Newtonian and non-Newtonian properties; other parameters for both in each case were the same. The Tables show relative decrease of the maximum hydrodynamic pressure value and bearing lift capacity according to the bearing lubricated with Newtonian oil, for different values of bearing relative eccentricity.
Generating Navigational Audio Instructions Using Fuzzy Logic
Authors: Hrbacek Jan , Singule Vladislav
Published: December 2014

The paper presents the application of fuzzy logic principles to generation of audio instructions. The described subsystem forms a part of an information unit for the visually impaired, which is developed at the Institute of Production Machines, Systems and Robotics at Brno University of Technology. The unit will provide visually impaired users with the localization, navigation and obstacle avoidance functionality as well as enable them to independently traverse through previously unvisited (primarily urban) areas. The majority of sightless persons are able to traverse such areas only with human accompaniment that compensates their missing knowledge of the surrounding environment. The utilization of fuzzy techniques brings the human-like behaviour of the navigational interface and a scalable mechanism for generating navigational instructions.
Modeling and Control of Proportional Valve with Synchronous Motor
Authors: Milecki Andrzej , Rybarczyk Dominik
Published: December 2014

The paper describes the research results of modeling and control of proportional valve with synchronous motor type PMSM (Permanent Magnets Synchronous Motor). In the paper, a simulation model of the proposed valve was developed and described. The model included the square root flow characteristics, nonlinearity of the hydraulic actuator, valve dead zone and saturation of the flow. The study included the investigations of the basic characteristics, such as valve flow characteristic and step responses. In order to determine the basic parameters of the valve, the test stand was built, on which the new valve and the servo drive with this valve were tested. A servo drive control system was based on PLC with touch panel and inverter module. In the paper, the chosen investigations results of the valve and the servo drive system are presented and shortly discussed.
Intelligent Machine Tool – Vision Based 3D Scanning System for Positioning of the Workpiece
Authors: Pajor Mirosław , Grudziński Marek
Published: December 2014

The presented innovative vision system is a new solution for quick matching the workpiece reference point using non-contact 3D scanning method, based on structural light patterns [1, 2]. The vision system uses special reference markers [3] and flexible calibration procedure [4] in order to integrate with the CNC machine workspace. Based on 3D geometry of the workpiece, placed on CNC table, the new object coordinate system for tooling process is precisely aligned.At present, the system is in the final phase of laboratory tests confirmed its functionality. In this paper, the results of several tests for 3D scanning quality, scanning recurrence and for positioning recurrence using CNC table will be presented. All the most critical stages of integration with CNC machine will be showed and discussed. The obtained results revealed far improvement in terms of time and simplicity of use, as well as good stability of the system.
Tensile Stress Sensor with Amorphous Ring Shape Core
Authors: Salach Jacek , Szewczyk Roman , Bieńkowski Adam , Nowicki Michał
Published: December 2014

The paper presents the possibility of using amorphous materials as cores of tensile stress sensors. Application of thermal annealing of the core to increase magnetoelastic sensitivity is presented. Important parts of measuring system are the signal processing circuit of the sensor and the sensor control system. The results of measurements of the characteristics of the sensors with signal processing circuit are presented.
The Influence of Plastic Deformation Performed before and after Electron Beam Irradiation on Mechanical Properties and Wear of UHMWPE
Authors: Barylski Adrian , Maszybrocka Joanna , Cybo Jerzy
Published: December 2014

The paper compares the modification methods of polymers GUR 1050 and GUR 1020 by means of plastic deformation before (ON) and after (NO) irradiation with an electron beam (N). Evaluation of the effectiveness of the modification methods applied was carried out by means of micromechanical examinations and tribological tests on T-01 and T-05 testers (polymer/Vitalium alloy). The results of micromechanical, sclerometric and tribological tests indicate unequivocally the effectiveness of the modifications applied, as compared to the polymer modification through irradiation with an electron beam only. A decrease in hardness and elasticity modulus was found for materials subjected to the ON and NO technology as compared to N, while maintaining the growing trend of these values along with the applied radiation dose. There was also noted a large increase of the wear resistance coefficient, Wβ, and an increase of the microploughing component’s share in the wear mechanism β, which had a direct influence on the reduction of the linear wear by 2.5–3 times and a nearly twofold decrease of the mass wear. The surface subjected to friction processes became smoother and free of lamella fragments which were visible for the base material not subjected to any modifications. This was documented with the observations performed on a scanning microscope and in the stereometric examination of the surface.
The Analysis of Finishing Tooling Influence on Corrosion Properties of Stainless Steel
Authors: Labuda Wojciech , Charchalis Adam
Published: December 2014

Angular momentum pumps are very often applied on-board ships. These pumps are used in cooling circuits of medium and high power engines, power plant boilers and in bilge, ballast and fire installations. Very extensive use of angular momentum pumps on board is linked with their numerous advantages. During operation, the wear of the marine hull, the rotor and the shaft seals takes place. The research attempts to increase the service life of shafts. The article presents the research results referring to the analysis of the influence of finish treatment (turning, grinding and burnishing) on the corrosion properties of steel applied to marine pump shafts. The research was performed on a roller of 40 mm in diameter made of X5CrNi18-10 (AISI 304 L) stainless steel. The turning process was carried out by means of a WNMG WF 080408 Sandvik Coromant cutting tool with replaceable inserts. The grinding process was performed by grinding attachment for lathes. The 1 – 80×10×32 – 99C 80-N V grinding wheel was used for the process. The process of burnishing was done by SRMD burnisher from Yamato. In addition, the influence of the burnisher passes number on the corrosion properties was determined. The paper will present the results of electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and potentiodynamic research. To conduct the survey, the Atlas 0531 EU & IA potentiostat was used. Determination of the corrosion process parameters was performed by the computer programs: AtlasLab 2.0, EIS Spectrum Analyzer and Elfit2.
The Influence of Plastic Deformation Performed before and after Electron Beam Irradiation on the Morphology and Structural Properties of UHMWPE
Authors: Maszybrocka Joanna , Barylski Adrian , Cybo Jerzy
Published: December 2014

The paper presents changes in UHMWPE morphology and structure caused by irradiation with an electron beam and plastic deformation. The input material consisted of two grades of polyethylene, i.e. GUR 1050 and GUR 1020 (Poly Hi Solidur Medi TECH), used for producing the bearing components of endoprostheses applied in total joint alloplasty. Tests involved three groups of samples: the ones subjected to modification through radiation (N) only, those modified by plastic deformation before (ON) and after (NO) irradiation with an electron beam (N). The obtained variants were subjected to comprehensive morphological and structural tests, which made it possible to document changes in the lamellar structure (SEM) and orientation of the crystalline structure (SAXS) as well as to determine the content of the crystalline phase (DSC) and to define crosslinking density.
The Research of Thermal Arc Sprayed Coatings Tribological Properties by Using Rubber Wheel Test
Authors: Gargasas Justinas , Valiulis Algirdas Vaclovas , Gedzevicius Irmantas , Pokhmurska Hanna
Published: December 2014

This paper present the result obtained from new experimental STEIN-MESYFIL 953 V; STEIN-MESYFIL 954 V coatings. The surfacing material was wires of 1.6 mm diameter. The tests aimed at determining wear resistance of coatings sprayed on steel substrate. The investigation shows that the tribological behaviour of new experimental thermal arc sprayed coatings is greatly affected by its microstructural constituents such as porosity, oxide inclusions, and microhardness of coatings. Results show that increasing porosity of coatings twice, it doubles the mass loss. Results for thermal sprayed coatings of all experiments showed their high wear resistance and are discussed.
An Estimation Method for the Torsional Vibration of the Marine Propulsion System
Authors: Murawski Lech , Charchalis Adam
Published: December 2014

The paper presents an estimation analysis methopd for the natural mode and frequency of the torsional vibrations of a marine power transmission system. A typical merchantman marine propulsion system is made up of a slow speed main engine connected to a directly driven propeller by a relatively short shaft line. Although all classification societies require calculating the operating parameters of the propulsion system, however, they have no simplified formulas. The torsional vibrations of the marine power transmission system are usually the most dangerous for the shaft line and crankshaft. Numerical algorithms based mostly on the Finite Element Method (FEM) are unobtainable and not useful for a ship crew. The chief of marine engineers should have checked a possibility of the analysis and measurements of torsional vibrations. The authors have investigated an estimation method of the torsional vibrations of the system. The article deals with a simulation method for more difficult parameters of the propulsion system like propeller water added mass moment of inertia. The paper also briefly describes the advantages and disadvantages of the undercritical and overcritical propulsion system and discusses calculation results included in the final part of the work. The introduced calculation method has been verified comparing detailed FEM estimations and the measurements of real ships.
Structural-Hierarchical Mechanism for Cracking Reactor Steel after Preliminary Thermomechanical Loading
Authors: Okipnyi Igor , Maruschak Pavlo , Prentkovskis Olegas
Published: December 2014

The article studies the effect of PTL modes on structural and mechanical regularities in material deformation at the crack tip using the parameters of fracture mechanics. The obtained results are the basis for a more precise definition of the guaranteed strength of structural elements with crack-like defects.
The Application of the Extended Jiles-Atherton Model for Simulating the Magnetic Characteristics of X30CR13 Steel
Authors: Szewczyk Roman , Jackiewicz Dorota
Published: December 2014

The application of magnetic-property oriented methods for non-destructive testing is very promising due to its low cost and robustness. This paper presents the methodology of simulating the magnetic properties of martensitic X30Cr13 steel applying the extended Jiles-Atherton model. On the basis of experimental measurements, the parameters of the Jiles-Atherton model were determined by an evolutionary strategy together with gradient optimisation. A very good agreement between experimental hysteresis loops and the model was confirmed by a high value of determination coefficient. The presented results open new possibilities of developing methods for non-destructive testing of energetic turbines made of X30Cr13 stainless steel. Moreover, quantitative simulation gives a possibility of a better understanding of magnetisation processes.
Determination of the Cracking Susceptibility of Steel S355J2G3 during the Continuous Casting Process
Authors: Laber Konrad Błażej , Dyja Henryk
Published: December 2014

The paper presents the results of physical modelling aimed at determining the cracking susceptibility of the selected steel grade under conditions characteristic of the continuous casting process. The material used for investigation was steel grade S355J2G3 [1]. For a study on the physical modelling of the continuous steel casting process, the GLEEBLE 3800 [2, 3], a metallurgical process simulator, was employed. The obtained results allowed establishing conditions for a continuous steel casting process that could cause cracks to form in the material being cast. Research on one of technological conditions for steelworks was carried out taking into account the problem of cracking during rolling in the initial group of the bar rolling mill.
The Analysis of Process Parameters for Turning Cobalt-Based Super Alloy Haynes 25 / L 605 Using Design of Experiment
Authors: Sarikaya Murat , Güllü Abdulkadir
Published: December 2014

Haynes-25 alloy (also known as L-605 alloy) is extensively used in the applications of aerospace industry, turbine and furnace parts, power generators and heat exchangers and petroleum refining components due to its excellent properties. However, machining this alloy is more difficult compared to normal steel or even stainless one because of its characteristics of hardness and strength. This paper presents experimental investigation into machining parameters in the turning process of Haynes 25 alloy using uncoated carbide tools. Design of experiment (DOE) has been used for studying the effect of the main turning parameters such as cooling condition, cutting speed and feed rate on the arithmetic average surface roughness (Ra) of Haynes-25 alloy. Tests are designed according to Taguchi’s orthogonal array. Experiments have been performed under dry cutting and conventional wet cooling. Minimum surface roughness was obtained in turning using uncoated tools under wet cooling condition at the cutting speed of 45 m/min and feed rate of 0.12 mm/rev.
The Model of Estimating the Loss of Maintenance Potential the High Mobility Wheeled Vehicle
Authors: Kosobudzki Mariusz , Smolnicki Tadeusz , Stańco Mariusz
Published: December 2014

In the paper, the model of estimating the loss of maintenance potential of high mobility wheeled vehicles within proving ground tests is presented. This problem is up-to-date, especially important for military vehicles. The authors have analysed the selected requirements directed to this class of vehicles. In the main body of the paper, some model that could be applied in on-line system of prognostic Health and Usage Monitoring System (pHUMS) was presented. This model can be used to analyse information about the maintenance process of vehicle before some maintenance decision would be made.
Numerical Modelling and Experimental Verification of Interdigital Transducers for Lamb Wave Generation
Authors: Mańka Michał , Martowicz Adam , Rosiek Mateusz , Ambroziński Łukasz , Uhl Tadeusz
Published: December 2014

Recently, intensive research activity in the application of guided waves (GWs) for structural health monitoring (SHM) has been observed. Interdigital Transducer (IDT) is one of the types of transducers used for generating GWs. The main advantages of such transducers include their ability in generating directional and mode-selective waves. The parameters of IDTs have to be adjusted for the excited wavelength. Some geometric parameters as well as the properties of materials used for manufacturing transducers may be defined using widely known analytical relationships [1]. However, in order to accurately determine the parameters of the IDT, numerous simulations and their experimental verification are required [2]. The paper presents a novel, time efficient approach to the virtual prototyping of complex shaped transducers. The proposed procedure consists of the following four steps: (1) designing a transducer based on analytical relations, (2) approximate numerical simulations of designed transducers with a custom-made, computationally efficient code for screening tests, (3) detailed numerical tests employing the multiphysics Finite Element Method (FEM) for the developed IDT design and (4) experimental tests.
Analysis of Influence of Different Kinds of Drills on Production Results
Authors: Marcinkevičius Andrejus Henrikas
Published: December 2014

There at machining of parts on machining centers, different kinds of drills can be used for the same purpose. The best of them cannot be selected without necessary analysis. For that reason, different drills and their possibilities at machining of different length holes in parts are explored and their influence on machining results is showed in the paper. Because not only kind of a drill, but also the possibilities of a machine tool influence the final results, interaction of these components is analyzed.
The Influence of the Temperature of the Elements of the Lapping Machine Executory System on the Results of the Lapping Process
Authors: Molenda Justyna , Charchalis Adam
Published: December 2014

Commonly used as a finishing operation, lapping has been applied for achieving ultra-high finishes and close tolerances between mating pieces. It can be carried out by applying loose abrasive grains between work and lap surfaces, and causing relative motion between them resulting in the finish of a multi-directional lay.The activity of grains (sliding and rolling) in the working gap causes not only the removal of the material but also a rise in the temperature of the lap plate. The authors of this work analyse the influence of the temperature of the elements of the lapping machine executory system on the results of the lapping process stimulated applying ABRALAP 380 lapping machine the executory system of which consisted of three working conditioning rings. The temperature of the elements of the executory system was measured employing Thermo Gear G100 infrared camera. The workpieces were ceramic (Al2O3) valve sealing parts. After grinding, they were being lapped during 15 and 20 minutes. Machining was started following 10, 140, and 270 minutes of the working time of the machine (tp). The abrasive mixture was boron carbide powder with grain number F400/17, mixed with kerosene and machine oil with grain concentration equal to m = 0.25. Two sets of lapping parameters were executed:lapping pressure p = 0.051 MPa, and lapping speed v = 27 m/min;lapping pressure p = 0.03 MPa, and lapping speed v = 38 m/min.The rate of material removal in g and mm and roughness parameters Raand Rkof the surface were analysed.The conducted studies showed that the temperature of the elements of the machine executory system affected only parameter Rawhich is higher for the surfaces that were processed starting from the 270thminute of the working time of the machine. Only a slight increase in the values of parameter Rawas observed. It can be caused by a change in conditions for the process of material removal due to different properties of grain carrier under a higher temperature. Its viscosity decreases with an increase in temperature, which implies direct interactions between the plate and workpiece surface. Normally those two surfaces interact indirectly via abrasive grains. The rest of the tested lapping results were independent of the temperature of the elements of the lapping machine executory system. The values obtained under different temperatures were almost the same.
Rolling of Al-Cu Bimetallic Bars in Modified Elongating Grooves
Authors: Mróz Sebastian , Szota Piotr , Wąsek Seweryn , Stefanik Andrzej
Published: December 2014

In order to enhance the uniformity of cladding copper layer distribution over the bimetallic bar perimeter and length, the shape of the classical horizontal and vertical oval passes were modified. The rolling was carried out in the designed modified elongating grooves. The round Al-Cu bimetallic bars with an outer diameter of 22 mm and a copper layer share of 15 and 30%, after explosive cladding, were rolled on a D150 two-high shape mill. As a result of rolling in 4 passes, bars of a diameter of about 16.0 mm were obtained. By applying the modified grooves to the rolling of Al-Cu bimetallic bars, the stability of the rolling process was improved, whereby, finished bars with a uniform and tight cladding layer distribution over the core and small diameter dimensional deviations was obtained.
Influence of Temperature Change on the Energy Parameters during Round Bars Rolling Process
Authors: Sygut Piotr
Published: December 2014

The paper presents results of experimental studies on the effect of non-uniform temperature distribution over the metallic charge length on the energy parameters change during round bars rolling process. Experimental tests were conducted on the D370 Continuous Shape Mill in industrial works. From the tests carried out, it has been found that the main cause of occurrence of the non-uniform distribution of temperature over the charge length is the process of heating the metallic charge in the walking beam furnace. During rolling of bars from metallic charge with non-uniform temperature distribution over its length, changes in friction conditions in the zone of contact between the band and the rolls and in the plastic properties of steel being rolled occur. For decrease temperature during metallic charge rolling process about 100 °C (Fig. 2) in walking beam furnace, increase of rolling torque and total rolling power about 30% during rolling process metallic charge in first continuous shape mill stand was observed.
Application of Electric Subsystem as Implementation of Reduction of Mechanical Vibrations
Authors: Białas Katarzyna , Buchacz Andrzej , Gałęziowski Damian
Published: December 2014

This work presents methods of reduction of the vibration of mechanical systems by means of active elements as well as examples of implementation of active reduction of vibration by means of electrical elements [1], [2]. This work also describes a structural and parametric synthesis, which can be defined as the design of systems meeting specific requirements. These requirements refer to the frequency values of the systems’ vibration. The presented approach i.e. a non-classical synthetic method applied in designing mechanical systems with elements reducing unwanted vibrations. As a result of the synthesis, one can obtain the structure and parameters of the system of required properties. The synthesis may also be applied to modify the already existing systems in order to achieve a desired result [1–3].
A System for Graphic Personalisation of Cards and Paper Sheets
Authors: Zbrowski Andrzej , Samborski Tomasz , Matras Eugeniusz
Published: December 2014

The article presents the structure and operation of the developed system for graphic personalisation of cards and paper sheets. The system is responsible for the input of unique graphics in the form of prints corresponding with suitable data recorded in the memory of a microprocessor. In the verification process, an electronic record is compared with alphanumerical information, and the conformity of digital graphics with the print is checked. The system was used in the construction of a process line for producing RFID-secured documents. The system has a modular structure and is composed of two modules responsible for the prints and automatic verification of graphic personalisation. The printing module enables the application of the print in the form of alphanumerical signs or unique graphic symbols and a barcode, which is conducted according to the structure of the database from which information on personalisation is obtained. The verification module compares the electronic record from the microprocessor with alphanumerical information and checks whether digital graphics agree with the print. Printing is performed using an inkjet printhead, whereas for the verification process, a digital line scan camera is applied. Mechatronic positioning systems enable the printhead and camera shift freely along the print and inspection area and allow changes in positioning speed parameters.
Identification of the Prints Elastic Parameters Using Vibrational Methods
Authors: Ragauskas Paulius , Grigaliūnienė Simona , Sidaravicius Jonas , Turla Vytautas , Kilikevičius Artūras
Published: December 2014

One of the indirect tensile identification methods is the measurement of the structure of the response to the vibration excitation. Then this response is simulated using digital methods. If the similarity to the response structure is achieved, the elasticity parameters can be determined. Using the methodology discussed in this work, the problem of the determination of the elasticity parameters of prints as a consisting of the paper and several layers of inks is solved. The determined parameters of prints will be used for the modeling of the printing process in web printing presses.
Deformation of the Structural Details of the Components Created by the Rapid Prototyping Method
Authors: Dzionk Stefan
Published: December 2014

The paper presents the results of preliminary research and describes the deformation of construction details within the process of producing small elements employing a stereolitography system. The article discusses a scheme for changes in data conversion. Variations in construction details have been described on the basis of analysing photographs.
High-Efficiency Internal Combustion Engine Used in the Unmanned Aircraft
Authors: Tiimus Kristjan , Murumäe Mikk , Väljaots Eero , Tamre Mart
Published: December 2014

Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) are used predominately for military applications, despite a growing number of emerging civilian tasks. One of the key tasks for increasing the advantages over a manned aircraft are to extend the flight duration of the UAV. Long endurance flights demand an engine that adapts to variable weather and atmospheric conditions as well as to changes in altitude. Varying demand of the UAV for power is compared to determine the needs for our mid-class test platform. The paper presents a solution to a high-efficiency engine and suggests a test layout for assessing reliability and optimal performance.
Motion and Energy Efficiency Parameters of the Unmanned Ground Vehicle
Authors: Väljaots Eero , Sell Raivo , Kaeeli Mati
Published: December 2014

The paper investigates the data acquisition method and a system of wheeled mobile unmanned ground vehicles (UGV) for characterization and optimization of motion and energy efficiency. This enables to conduct real-time and conditional field tests. The obtained results are used for an advanced methodology framework for robotic design targeted on the development, simulation and testing of vehicle platforms along the entire design process.
Educational Model of Line Follower Robot LINA 2010
Authors: Kelemen Michal , Colville Daniel John , Kelemenová Tatiana , Virgala Ivan , Miková Ľubica
Published: December 2014

The paper deals with an educational model of line following robot LINA 2010. The model of the robot has been designed at the Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Technical University of Kosice and is currently used in the educational process. The students also attend competition for the best designed algorithm for the robot, which helps with broadening skills and experience in this field of study.
3D cell culture - Methods and protocols
Authors: Redi Carlo Alberto
Published: December 2014

3D cell culture - Methods and protocols
DNA damage detection In situ, ex vivo and In vivo - Methods and protocols
Authors: Redi Carlo Alberto
Published: December 2014

DNA damage detection In situ, ex vivo and In vivo - Methods and protocols
Mark A. Smith: Scholar and Innovator
Authors: Castellani Rudy , Perry George , Lee Hyoung-gon , Zhu Xiongwei
Published: December 2014

Mark A. Smith: Scholar and Innovator
Ocean bottom seismometer experiment on the Beaufort shelf and slope region conducted during Expedition ARA04C on the IBRV Araon
Authors: Riedel M , Ulmi M , Conway K W , Standen G , Rosenberger A , Hong J K , Jin Y K , Kim H S , Dallimore S R
Published: December 2014

Expedition ARA04C (conducted from September 10 - September 26, 2013 in Canadian waters) on the Korean icebreaker IBRV Araon was laid out to investigate the Beaufort Sea shelf and slope region and collect geo-scientific data for various aspects relevant to the
GSC's mandated regional geo-hazard assessment of the offshore Beaufort region. A critical element of the geohazards is the distribution of permafrost across the submerged shelf. To address this question a set of six Ocean Bottom Seismometers (OBS) were deployed in a grid pattern across the near
shelf-edge zone, and a set of three OBS was used in a second deployment along a central shelfcrossing north-east to south-west oriented line. Initial data processing was carried out, which is required for any follow-up detailed velocity analysis. The processing included definition of exact shot
times, geometry calculation, OBS position re-location, and OBS orientation analysis. A preliminary analysis of the hydrophone and vertical-component data from the OBS stations reveals a P-wave-velocity structure with values ranging from 1800 m/s to over 4000 m/s indicative of wide-spread ice-bearing
sediments. This open-file report also contains the digital OBS data for all stations in standard SEGY format, together with the required raw and processed geometry information.
2012 Haida Gwaii Mw 7.7 earthquake response - ocean bottom seismometer relocation and geophone orientation analysis and quality control of wide-angle P-wave refraction data
Authors: Riedel M , Côté M M , Neelands P J , Middleton G , Standen G , Iuliucci R , Ulmi M , Stacey C D , Murphy R , Manning D , Brillon C , Spence G
D
Published: December 2014

Canada's second largest instrumentally recorded earthquake occurred on October 27th, 2012, off the west coast of Moresby Island, Haida Gwaii. Analysis of seismic waveforms and the pattern of aftershocks indicate that it was a thrust earthquake with a magnitude of
Mw = 7.7. To accurately locate earthquakes, recording stations need to be positioned such that they surround the epicenter and the sound speed at which seismic waves travel through the earth's crust must be known. The land stations on Haida Gwaii are all to the east of the aftershock sequence, thus
making these offshore earthquake locations uncertain and making depths for those events almost impossible to calculate accurately. Only sparse information from seismic refraction work conducted in the early 1980ies on the offshore velocity structure around the epicenter is known. Therefore, a series
of 14 ocean bottom seismometers (OBS) were deployed for the duration of 1 month between December 6, 2012 and January 5, 2013 to record a portion of the aftershock sequence. An active source seismic program was conducted in January 2013 prior to the OBS recovery to acquire information on the
sediment- and crustal structures to aid in the earthquake location analyses. However, the initial refraction data were not recorded on any of the 14 OBS as the batteries on all of the OBS stations had drained by the time of the survey. An extra set of six OBS was re-deployed and a total of four
single-channel seismic profiles were acquired across these six OBS stations for a smaller-scale detailed refraction velocity experiment. Using the active source seismic data, each of the six OBS of the second deployment were re-located on the ocean floor, which is a critical pre-requisite for any
velocity analysis. The OBS instruments drifted on average by 200m to the NW of the deployment drop-position. New offset information for the relocated OBS stations were calculated, and used for an initial exemplary but non-ray-tracing based 1D refraction velocity analysis on selected OBS stations to
demonstrate the general utility of the OBS refraction data. Additional particle motion analyses were conducted for five of the six OBS stations of the second refraction survey to define the geophone orientation. One of these six stations (OBS-5) appeared to have identical horizontal components and
therefore could not be used for a geophone-orientation determination. Long-range refraction seismic arrivals from the active-source experiment with a single 520 cubic inch G-gun were identified on some of the Haida Gwaii land-stations with offset ranges of up to 58 km. This information can
potentially be used for a deep-crustal refraction velocity analysis. At this stage, only basic information on these land-station data is documented for potential future analyses.
Salivary Fistula with a Calculus!!
Authors: Rangappa Vidya Bhushan , Soumya MS , Sreenivas V
Published: December 2014

Orocutaneous fistula is a pathologic communication between the oral cavity and cutaneous surface. Orocutaneous fistula can occur because of dental infections, salivary gland lesions, neoplasms, or branchial fistula. Overwhelming majority comprises of parotid fistula, submandibular fistula is indeed a rare finding. We report a very unusual case of a large calculus in submandibular gland with a communicating neck fistula.

How to cite this article

Rangappa VB, Soumya MS, Sreenivas V. Salivary Fistula with a Calculus!! Int J Head Neck Surg 2014;5(2):96-98.