bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Walk on the Retrograde Side (WRS) project
Authors: Ceccarelli E. , Massari D. , Mucciarelli A. , Bellazzini M. , Nunnari A. , Cusano F. , Lardo C. , Romano D. , Ilyin I. , Stokholm A.
Published: January 2024

Relics of ancient accretion events experienced by the Milky Way are predominantly located within the stellar halo of our Galaxy. However, debris from different objects display overlapping distributions in dynamical spaces, making it extremely challenging to properly disentangle their contribution to the build-up of the Galaxy. To shed light on this chaotic context, we initiated a program aimed at the homogeneous chemical tagging of the local halo of the Milky Way, focusing on the component in retrograde motion, since this is expected to host a large fraction of stars accreted from past mergers. The A Walk on the Retrograde Side (WRS) project targets retrograde halo stars in the solar neighborhood with accurate 6D phase space information available, measuring the precise chemical abundance of several chemical elements from high-resolution spectroscopy. In this first paper, we present the project and the analysis of high-resolution spectra obtained with UVES at VLT and at LBT for 186 stars. We obtained accurate radial velocity and chemical abundances for several elements for all the target stars. In particular, we focus on the chemical composition of a specific subset of substructures that have been dynamically identified in the literature. Our study reveals that two among the more recently discovered structures in the retrograde halo, namely, Antaeus/L-RL64 and ED-3, have identical chemical patterns and similar integrals of motion, suggesting a common origin. In turn, the abundance patterns of this unified system differ from that of Gaia-Enceladus, confirming that it is an independent structure. Finally, Sequoia exhibits a different chemistry with respect to that of Gaia-Enceladus at [Fe/H] < −1.5 dex, showcasing an excess of stars with lower Mg and Ca in the common metallicity range.
Locked differential rotation in core-helium burning red giants
Authors: Mosser B. , Dréau G. , Pinçon C. , Deheuvels S. , Belkacem K. , Lebreton Y. , Goupil M.-J. , Michel E.
Published: January 2024

Context. Oscillation modes of a mixed character are able to probe the inner region of evolved low-mass stars and offer access to a range of information, in particular, the mean core rotation. Ensemble asteroseismology observations are then able to provide clear views on the transfer of angular momentum when stars evolve as red giants.

Aims. Previous catalogs of core rotation rates in evolved low-mass stars have focussed on hydrogen-shell burning stars. Our aim is to complete the compilation of rotation measurements toward more evolved stages, with a detailed analysis of the mean core rotation in core-helium burning giants.

Methods. The asymptotic expansion for dipole mixed modes allows us to fit oscillation spectra of red clump stars and derive their core rotation rates. We used a range of prior seismic analyses, complete with new data, to get statistically significant results.

Results. We measured the mean core rotation rates for more than 1500 red clump stars. We find that the evolution of the core rotation rate in core-helium-burning stars scales with the inverse square of the stellar radius, with a small dependence on mass.

Conclusions. Assuming the conservation of the global angular momentum, a simple model allows us to infer that the mean core rotation and envelope rotation are necessarily coupled. The coupling mechanism ensures that the differential rotation in core-helium-burning red giants is locked.
The splashback radius and the radial velocity profile of galaxy clusters in IllustrisTNG
Authors: Pizzardo Michele , Geller Margaret J. , Kenyon Scott J. , Damjanov Ivana
Published: January 2024

We used 1697 clusters of galaxies from the TNG300-1 simulation (mass M200c > 1014 M⊙ and redshift range 0.01 ≤ z ≤ 1.04) to explore the physics of the cluster infall region. We used the average radial velocity profile derived from simulated galaxies, vrad(r), and the average velocity dispersion of galaxies at each redshift, σv(r), to explore cluster-centric dynamical radii that characterize the cluster infall region. We revisited the turnaround radius, the limiting outer radius of the infall region, and the radius where the infall velocity has a well-defined minimum. We also explored two new characteristic radii: (i) the point of inflection of vrad(r) that lies within the velocity minimum, and (ii) the smallest radius where σv(r) = |vrad(r)|. These two, nearly coincident, radii mark the inner boundary of the infall region where radial infall ceases to dominate the cluster dynamics. Both of these galaxy velocity based radii lie within 1σ of the observable splashback radius. The minimum in the logarithmic slope of the galaxy number density is an observable proxy for the apocentric radius of the most recently accreted galaxies, the physical splashback radius. The two new dynamically derived radii relate the splashback radius to the inner boundary of the cluster infall region.
Rotation in stellar evolution: Probing the influence on population synthesis in high-redshift galaxies
Authors: Sun Weijia
Published: January 2024

Stellar population synthesis (SPS) is essential for understanding galaxy formation and evolution. However, the recent discovery of rotation-driven phenomena in star clusters warrants a review of uncertainties in SPS models caused by overlooked factors, including stellar rotation. In this study, we investigated the impact of rotation on SPS specifically using the PARSEC V2.0 rotation model and its implications for high-redshift galaxies with the JWST. Rotation enhances the ultraviolet (UV) flux for up to ∼400 Myr after the starburst, with the slope of UV increasing as the population becomes faster rotating and metal-poorer. Using the Prospector tool, we constructed simulated galaxies and deduce their properties associated with dust and star formation. Our results suggest that rapid rotation models result in a gradual UV slope up to 0.1 dex higher and an approximately 50% increase in dust attenuation for identical wide-band spectral energy distributions. Furthermore, we investigated biases if the stellar population was characterized by rapid rotation and demonstrate that accurate estimation can be achieved for rotation rates up to ωi = 0.6. Accounting for the bias in the case of rapid rotation aligns specific star formation rates more closely with predictions from theoretical models. Notably, this also implies a slightly higher level of dust attenuation than previously anticipated, while still allowing for a “dust-free” interpretation of the galaxy. The impact of rapid rotation SPS models on the rest-UV luminosity function is found to be minimal. Overall, our findings have potentially important implications for comprehending dust attenuation and mass assembly history in the high-redshift Universe.
Hunting young stars in the Galactic centre
Authors: Nogueras-Lara F.
Published: January 2024

Context. The Galactic centre stands out as the most prolific star-forming environment of the Galaxy when averaged over volume. In the last 30 million years, it has witnessed the formation of ∼106 M⊙ of stars. However, crowding and high extinction hamper their detection and, up to now, only a small fraction of the expected mass of young stars has been identified.

Aims. We aim to detect hidden young stars at the Galactic centre by analysing the stellar population in Sagittarius (Sgr) C. This is a region at the western edge of the nuclear stellar disc whose HII emission makes it a perfect candidate to host young stars.

Methods.We built dereddened luminosity functions for Sgr C and a control field in the central region of the nuclear stellar disc, and fitted them with a linear combination of theoretical models to analyse their stellar population.

Results. We find that Sgr C hosts several 105 M⊙ of young stars. We compared our results with the recently discovered young stellar population in Sgr B1, which is situated at the opposite edge of the nuclear stellar disc. We estimated that the Sgr C young stars are ∼20 Myr old, and likely show the next evolutionary step of the slightly younger stars in Sgr B1. Our findings contribute to addressing the discrepancy between the expected and the detected number of young stars in the Galactic centre, and shed light on their evolution in this extreme environment. As a secondary result, we find an intermediate-age stellar population in Sgr C (∼50% of its stellar mass with an age of between 2 and 7 Gyr), which is not present in the innermost regions of the nuclear stellar disc (dominated by stars > 7 Gyr). This supports the existence of an age gradient and favours an inside-out formation of the nuclear stellar disc.
Comparative analysis of the SFR of AGN and non-AGN galaxies, as a function of stellar mass, AGN power, cosmic time, and obscuration
Authors: Mountrichas G. , Masoura V. A. , Corral A. , Carrera F. J.
Published: January 2024

This study involves a comparative analysis of the star formation rates (SFRs) of active galactic nucleus (AGN) galaxies and non-AGN galaxies and of the SFRs of type 1 and 2 AGNs. To carry out this investigation, we assembled a dataset consisting of 2677 X-ray AGNs detected by the XMM-Newton observatory and a control sample of 64 556 galaxies devoid of AGNs. We generated spectral energy distributions (SEDs) for these objects using photometric data from the DES, VHS, and AllWISE surveys, and we harnessed the CIGALE code to extract measurements for the (host) galaxy properties. Our dataset encompasses a diverse parameter space, with objects spanning a range of stellar masses from 9.5 < log [M*(M⊙)] < 12.0, intrinsic X-ray luminosities within 42 < log[LX,2−10 keV(erg s−1)] < 45.5, and redshifts between 0.3 < z < 2.5. To compare SFRs, we calculated the SFRnorm parameter, which signifies the ratio of the SFR of an AGN galaxy to the SFR of non-AGN galaxies sharing similar M* and redshift. Our analysis reveals that systems hosting an AGN tend to exhibit elevated SFRs compared to non-AGN galaxies, particularly beyond a certain threshold in LX. Notably, this threshold increases as we move toward more massive galaxies. Additionally, for AGN systems with the same LX, the magnitude of the SFRnorm decreases as we consider more massive galaxies. This suggests that in galaxies with an AGN, the increase in SFR as a function of stellar mass is not as prominent as in galaxies without an AGN. This interpretation finds support in the shallower slope that we identify in the X-ray star-forming main sequence in contrast to the galaxy main sequence. Employing CIGALE’s measurements, we classified AGNs into type 1 and type 2. In our investigation, we focused on a subset of 652 type 1 AGNs and 293 type 2 AGNs within the stellar mass range of 10.5 < log[M (M⊙)] < 11.5. Based on our results, type 1 AGNs display higher SFRs than type 2 AGNs, at redshifts below z < 1. However, at higher redshifts, the SFRs of the two AGN populations tend to be similar. At redshifts z < 1, type 1 AGNs show augmented SFRs in comparison to non-AGN galaxies. In contrast, type 2 AGNs exhibit lower SFRs when compared to galaxies that do not host an AGN, at least up to log[LX,2−10 keV(erg s−1)] < 45.
3D NLTE modelling of Y and Eu
Authors: Storm N. , Barklem P. S. , Yakovleva S. A. , Belyaev A. K. , Palmeri P. , Quinet P. , Lodders K. , Bergemann M. , Hoppe R.
Published: January 2024

Context. Abundances of s- and r-process elements in Sun-like stars constrain nucleosynthesis in extreme astrophysical events, such as compact binary mergers and explosions of highly magnetised rapidly rotating massive stars.

Aims. We measure solar abundances of yttrium (Y) and europium (Eu) using 3D non-local thermal equilibrium (NLTE) models. We use the model to determine the abundance of Y, and also explore the model’s ability to reproduce the solar centre-to-limb variation of its lines. In addition, we determine the Eu abundance using solar disc-centre and integrated flux spectra.

Methods. We developed an NLTE model of Eu and updated our model of Y with collisional data from detailed quantum-mechanical calculations. We used the IAG spatially resolved high-resolution solar spectra to derive the solar abundances of Y across the solar disc and of Eu for integrated flux and at disc centre using a set of carefully selected lines and a 3D radiation-hydrodynamics model of the solar atmosphere.

Results. We find 3D NLTE solar abundances of A(Y)3D NLTE = 2.30 ± 0.03stat ± 0.07syst dex based on observations at all angles and A(Eu) = 0.57 ± 0.01stat ± 0.06syst dex based on the integrated flux and disc-centre intensity. 3D NLTE modelling offers the most consistent abundances across the solar disc, and resolves the problem of severe systematic bias in Y and Eu abundances inherent to 1D LTE, 1D NLTE, and 3D LTE modelling.
Modeling the gas and liquid flow in the channels of the microplasmatron that is a plasma unit for applying fine coatings
Authors: Soboleva Yuliya , Mikhailov Maxim , Sariev Eduard
Published: January 2024

This article describes a mathematical model of the flow of working gas and coolant in the channels of the microplasmatron of an industrial unit for the plasma application of fine coatings to confirm the performance of the installation. The unit is designed for applying protective coatings that make it possible to strengthen the surface of a certain part, which subsequently makes it possible to increase its service life. For convenience, the study is carried out in the universal Ansys Fluent software module, which has a wide range of capabilities for modeling the flow of liquids and gases, allowing one to identify the dominant physical phenomena occurring in the installation. As a result, calculation results were obtained in the form of distributions of temperatures, velocities and pressures within the volume of the working area of gas and liquid, and the operability of the installation element was confirmed.
Automated evaluation models and algorithms for optimizing exercise assessments in food production training complexes
Authors: Polevshchikov Ivan , Litvinova Elena
Published: January 2024

The article is devoted to the development of models and algorithms of intelligent training complexes for training engineering specialists in the food industry. A method has been developed for comprehensive assessment of the quality of performing exercises on optimization problems in virtual environment. The method differs from the known ones in many parameters that determine the structure and specificity of these problems. It is formalized based on of fuzzy sets that describe incomplete knowledge when comparing the mathematical model of the problem created by the student with the reference one. The use of intelligent training complexes, in the software of which the presented method is implemented, will allow for ongoing monitoring and self-monitoring of students’ knowledge and skills when studying disciplines in the field of developing software for automated control systems for production processes. The use of intelligent training complexes ensures the collection and analysis of data on the dynamics in the formation of professional knowledge and skills among students in the development of mathematical software for automated control systems. Accordingly, the time for conducting control activities for the teacher is reduced, and the accuracy of the results of monitoring the formation of knowledge and skills among students is increased.
Determining the energy efficiency indicators of the diesel train DPKr-2 and the rail bus 620M based on traction calculations using the numerical method of solving the equation of train movement
Authors: Kapica Mihajlo , Bobyr Dmytro , Hryshchenko Mykola , Kyslyi Dmytro , Desiak Andrii
Published: January 2024

The purpose of the article is to compare the technical and energy parameters of the diesel train DPKr-2 and the railbus 620M based on traction calculations using mathematical modeling when solving the train movement equation. The mathematical model of the train is adapted to determine the movement parameters of the specified rolling stock units according to different variable phase coordinates for different movement modes. To achieve this purpose, the authors used methods of system analysis, nonlinear programming, and numerical methods for solving differential equations. The accuracy of the calculations was verified using simulation modeling methods and compared with experimental data. To analyze the results, the obtained indicators of traction calculations – technical speed and specific consumption of diesel fuel – were compared. As a result of the comparison, the specific fuel consumption per ton-kilometer meter, a significant saving of energy resources is observed. Comparative specific fuel consumption per passenger-kilometer meter, on the contrary, indicates an increase in the consumption of energy resources. The mathematical model of the train is adapted to determine the movement parameters of diesel trains and rail buses according to different variable phase coordinates for different drive modes. The practical significance lies in determining the efficiency indicators of the use of different types of rolling stock on the railways of Ukraine, taking into account economic, social and migration factors.
Optimality criteria for the process of technical operation of locomotives
Authors: Kapica Mihajlo , Bobyr Dmytro , Kyslyi Dmytro , Bohomolov Andrii , Desiak Andrii
Published: January 2024

The efficiency of a locomotive fleet as a complex system depends significantly on the mode and conditions of its operation, which, in many cases, are determined both by its own condition and by the state of the maintenance system. In reality, changes in the state of the system, and its further behaviour in most cases can be described by the Markov process. It should be noted the excessive rigidity of the hypothesis about the Markov character of the behaviour in the process of technical operation of the locomotive fleet that makes the resulting model insufficiently adequate. The article proposes a methodology to assess the efficiency in the functioning of the locomotive fleet as a semi-Markov system. Relationships for calculating the main statistical characteristics of the efficiency indicators in the process of technical operation of locomotives have been obtained. The choice of optimality criteria for the process is justified. A procedure for constructing an ordered sequence of enhancing maintenance and repair strategies, considering the condition of a particular locomotive has been offered. Determining the optimality criteria for the technical operation process of the locomotive fleet based on the research of stochastic estimates in the efficiency of the semi-Markov model. Obtaining a sequence of maintenance and repair strategies. The efficiency of locomotive fleet operation significantly depends on the quality of service. The quality of service is determined by the effectiveness of diagnostic tools for technical conditions. The process of operating a locomotive fleet is described by a semi-Markov model. The semi-Markov model used makes it possible to more fully take into account, in the general case, the diagnostic support of the locomotive and the restoration process. The unit cost function the average unit cost, the average unit loss coefficient the coefficient of average, and operating factor was selected as target functions. A procedure has been proposed for constructing an ordered sequence of improving maintenance and repair strategies, considering the condition of a particular locomotive.
A review of the problem of modeling the aerodynamics of small-sized ekranoplanes
Authors: Sokhatskyi Anatolii , Dreus Andrii , Radovskyi Mykhailo , Horbonos Svitlana
Published: January 2024

A characteristic trend in the development of modern transport systems is the widespread introduction of unmanned technologies. One of the new vehicles that are promising for use as high-speed unmanned aerial vehicles are ekranoplanes (WIG crafts). Such devices use the principle of dynamic support above the surface. Therefore, the processes of aerodynamics are decisive for their reliable and effective operation. The presented work considers the problem of modeling aerodynamic processes during the movement of the vehicle near the surface. In contrast to studies in an unrestricted flow, the presence of a surface leads to a number of features that determine the need for special approaches to both physical and mathematical experiments. It is established that each of the methods can ensure the similarity of the modeled processes to the real ones within the defining limits. A brief review of methods of numerical modeling of ekranoplan aerodynamics is presented. The approaches, which based on the Navier-Stokes equations and method of discrete singularities, are considered. There are examples of calculation of the processes of wing aerodynamics herein. The advantages and disadvantages of viscous and inviscid models for research are shown.
Bounded scheduling two-component jobs simultaneously or hierarchically
Authors: Li Yijie
Published: January 2024

This paper studies the multi-objective problem of scheduling n two-component jobs on a fabrication machine with bounded batch capacity in terms of the number of jobs. Each job consists of two components, one is common among all jobs (called standard component) and the other is unique to itself (called specific component). The machine processes all components so that it might become a capacitated bottleneck machine. Standard components have equal processing times. They are fabricated in batches sequentially on the machine, and a setup time is required to fabricate a batch. Each batch contains the standard components of at most b(b < n) jobs. Specific components are manufactured individually, therefore their associated setup times could be absorbed into their processing times. Standard components in a batch are not available until all these components are completed (meaning that the processing time of a batch is equal to the total processing time of the standard components in it), whereas a specific component is available on completion of its processing. A job is completed when both its two components are completed and available. For simultaneous optimization of makespan and maximum lateness, an O(n3)-time algorithm is obtained. Through a careful use of the heap data structure, the time bound can be improved to O(n2 log n). For hierarchical optimization of two maximum lateness objectives and makespan, an O(n5)-time algorithm is obtained, which can be improved to run in time O(n4).
Lebensalltag und psychosoziale Gesundheit älterer Menschen
mit kognitiven Beeinträchtigungen während der
COVID-19-Pandemie
Authors: Nikelski Angela , Trompetter Eva M. , Boekholt Melanie , Schumacher-Schönert Fanny , Rädke Anika , Michalowsky Bernhard , Vollmar Horst Christian , Hoffmann Wolfgang , Driessen Martin , Thyrian Jochen René , Kreisel Stefan H.
Published: January 2024

Ziel Ziel ist die Analyse pandemiebedingter Auswirkungen auf den Alltag
und die psychosoziale Gesundheit der bislang wenig untersuchten vulnerablen
Gruppe zu Hause lebender, kognitiv beeinträchtigter älterer
Menschen.

Methodik Mittels strukturierter Telefoninterviews 2020
(n+=+141) und 2021 (n+=+107)
wurden über 65-Jährige mit kognitiven Beeinträchtigungen
(MMSE Ø 23,4) befragt. Die hier vorgestellten Ergebnisse aus 2021
reflektieren Erfahrungen und Einstellungen, Auswirkungen auf den Alltag und die
Versorgung sowie psychosoziale Belastungen und Ressourcen. Für
n+=+66 erfolgt eine längsschnittliche Analyse
ausgewählter Belastungsindikatoren.

Ergebnisse Auch in Anbetracht moderater Auswirkungen auf den Alltag und
die Versorgung und zunehmender Sorgen erweist sich die psychosoziale Gesundheit
insgesamt als gut und im zeitlichen Verlauf als relativ stabil.

Schlussfolgerung Die Befragten verfügen über ein hohes
Maß an personalen und sozialen Ressourcen und ihr Umgang mit
Einschränkungen ist durch Akzeptanz und Anpassungsbereitschaft
gekennzeichnet.
Continuous Flow Multigram-Scale Synthesis of Cetylpyridinium Chloride
Authors: Patel Kashyap , Kapdi Anant R. , Shinde Manish Manohar , Veeramani Karuna , Oruganti Srinivas
Published: January 2024

Cetylpyridinium chloride is popularly employed as an antimicrobial agent in high-volume commodity and consumer products. Given its high tonnage requirements annually, challenges in its synthesis using conventional batch manufacturing involving higher reaction temperatures at scale, lower yields and purity, and excessively long reaction times could be circumvented by adopting continuous flow as a safe and sustainable approach. We herein report a facile, gram-scale continuous flow protocol for the synthesis of cetylpyridinium chloride (CPC) that reduces reaction time from ≥24 hours to 30 minutes with an isolated product yield of >90% and an HPLC purity of >99%.
Reference Ranges for Regional Cerebral Oxygen Saturation with Masimo O3 after Birth and Differences with Other Devices
Authors: Carnicero Luis Bachiller , Carbonero Sonia Caserío
Published: January 2024

Objective Cerebral oximetry using near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) is a noninvasive optical technology widely used in neonatology. The present study aimed to define reference ranges for cerebral tissue oxygen saturation (crSO2) with a new four-wavelength NIRS device, Masimo O3 oximeter, during immediate transition after birth and compare values with those obtained previously with NIRO 200NX®.

Study Design This was a prospective observational study using Masimo O3 device to measure crSO2 and regional cerebral fractional tissue oxygen extraction (cFTOE) in healthy term newborns delivered by primary cesarean section, during the 15 minutes after cord clamping. The neonates who required any medical support were excluded. The NIRS sensor was placed on the right forehead. Peripheral oxygen saturation and heart rate were continuously measured by pulse oximetry. Previous studies which established centiles for crSO2 with NIRO 200NX were used for comparison.

Results A total of 44 newborns were included. The median crSO2 and cFTOE (interquartile range) at 2, 5, and 7 minutes was 54% (49–54), 71% (64–86), and 79% (73–84) and 0,25 (0,18–0,33), 0,19 (0,15–0,23), and 0,16 (0,12–0,21), respectively, with no further changes afterwards. The crSO2 measurements were significantly higher with Masimo O3 compared with NIRO-200NX.

Conclusion The present observational study presented reference ranges for crSO2 and cFTOE measured with Masimo O3 oximeter during the immediate neonatal transition. Values obtained with O3 were higher than those obtained with other oximeters. For this reason, crSO2 is device-specific so there must be known reference values for each oximeter to define therapeutic interventions based on crSO2 and assess cerebral oxygenation in clinical studies.

Key Points
ADAMTS13 or Caplacizumab Reduces the Accumulation of Neutrophil Extracellular Traps and Thrombus in Whole Blood of COVID-19 Patients under Flow
Authors: Yada Noritaka , Zhang Quan , Bignotti Antonia , Ye Zhan , Zheng X. Long
Published: January 2024

Background Neutrophil NETosis and neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) play a critical role in pathogenesis of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)-associated thrombosis. However, the extents and reserve of NETosis, and potential of thrombus formation under shear in whole blood of patients with COVID-19 are not fully elucidated. Neither has the role of recombinant ADAMTS13 or caplacizumab on the accumulation of NETs and thrombus in COVID-19 patients' whole blood under shear been investigated.

Methods Flow cytometry and microfluidic assay, as well as immunoassays, were employed for the study.

Results We demonstrated that the percentage of H3Cit + MPO+ neutrophils, indicative of NETosis, was dramatically increased in patients with severe but not critical COVID-19 compared with that in asymptomatic or mild disease controls. Upon stimulation with poly [I:C], a double strain DNA mimicking viral infection, or bacterial shigatoxin-2, the percentage of H3Cit + MPO+ neutrophils was not significantly increased in the whole blood of severe and critical COVID-19 patients compared with that of asymptomatic controls, suggesting the reduction in NETosis reserve in these patients. Microfluidic assay demonstrated that the accumulation of NETs and thrombus was significantly enhanced in the whole blood of severe/critical COVID-19 patients compared with that of asymptomatic controls. Like DNase I, recombinant ADAMTS13 or caplacizumab dramatically reduced the NETs accumulation and thrombus formation under arterial shear.

Conclusion Significantly increased neutrophil NETosis, reduced NETosis reserve, and enhanced thrombus formation under arterial shear may play a crucial role in the pathogenesis of COVID-19-associated coagulopathy. Recombinant ADAMTS13 or caplacizumab may be explored for the treatment of COVID-19-associated thrombosis.
A Simple and Efficient Approach for the Synthesis of Aryl-3-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-1,2,4-triazol-5(4H)-one Derivatives
Authors: Darehkordi Ali , Kazemi Elham , Zeinali Najmeh
Published: January 2024

In this work, a series of 4-aryl-3-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-1,2,4-triazol-5(4H)-one derivatives is synthesized through nucleophilic intramolecular cyclization reactions of ethyl 2-(2,2,2-trifluoro-1-(arylimino)ethyl)hydrazine-1-carboxylate intermediates, which are themselves prepared in high yields via reactions of ethyl chloroformate and N-aryl-2,2,2-trifluoroacetimidoyl chloride derivatives. Some of the merits of the reported procedure are an operationally simple and concise method, the ready availability of starting materials, excellent product yields, no formation of harmful by-products and easy purification of the products.
Repercussions of the Emergency neurological life support on scientific literature: a bibliometric study
Authors: Ramos Miguel Bertelli , Rech Matheus Machado , Telles João Paulo Mota , Moraes Willian Medeiros , Teixeira Manoel Jacobsen , Figueiredo Eberval Gadelha
Published: January 2024

Background In 2012, the Neurocritical Care Society launched a compilation of protocols regarding the core issues that should be addressed within the first hours of neurological emergencies – the Emergency neurological life support (ENLS).

Objective We aim to evaluate this repercussion through a bibliometric analysis.

Methods We searched Scopus on October 2022 for articles mentioning ENLS. The following variables were obtained: number of citations; number of citations per year; number of publications per year; year of publication; research type; research subtype; country of corresponding author and its income category and world region; journal of publication and its 5-year impact factor (IF); and section where ENLS appeared.

Results After applying eligibility criteria, we retrieved 421 articles, published from 2012 to 2022. The mean number of citations per article was 17.46 (95% Confidence Interval (CI) = 8.20–26.72), while the mean number of citations per year per article was 4.05 (95% CI = 2.50–5.61). The mean destiny journal 5-year IF was 5.141 (95% CI = 4.189–6.093). The majority of articles were secondary research (57.48%; n = 242/421) of which most were narrative reviews (71.90%; n = 174/242). High-Income countries were the most prominent (80.05%; n = 337/421 articles). There were no papers from low-income countries. There were no trials or systematic reviews from middle-income countries.

Conclusion Although still low, the number of publications mentioning ENLS is increasing. Articles were mainly published in journals of intensive care medicine, neurology, neurosurgery, and emergency medicine. Most articles were published by authors from high-income countries. The majority of papers were secondary research, with narrative review as the most frequent subtype.
Hepatocellular Carcinoma from a Hepatologist's Perspective
Authors: Roldan Giovanni A. , Blomker Jacquelin , Aby Elizabeth S.
Published: January 2024

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), the most common type of primary liver cancer, represents a growing health challenge worldwide. The incidence of HCC is rising, which, in turn, has led to a corresponding increase in the associated number of deaths. HCC will become the third leading cause of cancer-related deaths in the United States by 2030. HCC usually develops in the setting of chronic liver disease. Individuals at increased risk of HCC are recommended to undergo surveillance with ultrasound every 6 months along with serum α-fetoprotein testing. Computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) are considered alternatives based on specific patient factors. Lesions suspicious for HCC are recommended to undergo a diagnostic testing, which includes contrast-enhanced multiphase CT or MRI and liver biopsy when findings are indeterminate. The Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer prognosis and treatment strategy is the most used assessment for patients with HCC (Fig. 2). Curative therapies include resection, liver transplantation, and ablation. Locoregional therapies, such as transarterial chemoembolization and radioembolization, can be used for patients with intermediate-stage HCC. For patients with advanced-stage HCC, systemic therapy is often used. This review aims to provide an overview of HCC from a hepatologist's perspective, including epidemiology, screening, surveillance, diagnosis, and management.
Anaesthesia for Cleft Lip and Palate Operations: A Modification of Orotracheal Connection—Report on 1,500 Patients
Authors: Guha Dr. B.
Published: January 2024

Development of different types of endotracheal tubes and connections used for cleft lip and palate operations, their merits and demerits are discussed. A further attempt at modification of these tubes and connections in respect of cleft lip and palate operations is discussed. A modification of endotracheal connection which satisfied all the requirements of an set up for operation on cleft lip and palate is described.
Production of a Functional Claw in Mutilated Hands
Authors: Williams Harry W.
Published: January 2024

In Handly mutilated bands, a general line of treatment is the production of a functional claw between thumb and one digit. Various means of achieving this end are discussed and the value to industry of such men, when rehabilitated is stressed.
New Classification of Congenital Malformation of Hand
Authors: Sharma L. K.
Published: January 2024

158 patients of various malformation of hands have been studied and a new classification of congenital malformation of hand is presented. The classification is simple specifying the rays affected and the grade of affection without using terms long winded and difficult to define precisely Literature on the subject is reviewed.
Primary Forked Flap in Bilateral Cleft Lip
Authors: Sethi S. S.
Published: January 2024

A preliminary report and the personal experience, with primary use of forked flap 10 elongate the columella in bilateral cleft lip is given. This method is a single stage procedure in suitable cases.
Research on human gait sensing based on triboelectric nanogenerator
Authors: Yang Gang , Wang Lifang , Tian Jiayun
Published: January 2024

To address the problem of frequent battery replacement for wearable sensors applied to fall detection among the elderly, a portable and low-cost triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG)-based self-powered sensor for human gait monitoring is proposed. The main fabrication materials of the TENG are polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) film, aluminum (Al) foil, and polyimide (PI) film, where PTFE and Al are the friction layer materials and the PI film is used to improve the output performance. Exploiting the ability of TENGs to monitor changes in environmental conditions, a self-powered sensor based on the TENG is placed in an insole to collect gait information. Since a TENG does not require a power source to convert physical and mechanical signals into electrical signals, the electrical signals can be used as sensing signals to be analyzed by a computer to recognize daily human activities and fall status. Experimental results show that the accuracy of the TENG-based sensor for recognizing human gait is 97.2%, demonstrating superior sensing performance and providing valuable insights for future monitoring of fall events in the elderly population.
An inverse nodal problem for a fourth-order self-adjoint binomial operator
Authors: Yang Chuan-Fu , Xu Xin-Jian , Guan Ai-Wei
Published: January 2024

In this work we deal with inverse nodal problems of reconstructing a fourth-order self-adjoint binomial operator d4dx4+q with Dirichlet boundary conditions. We prove that a dense subset of nodal points uniquely determines the potential function q.
Ion-collection characteristics of photoplasma for atomic vapor laser isotope separator module in electrostatic fields
Authors: Majumder Abhinandan , Pulhani Anil Kumar
Published: January 2024

The laser-based isotope separation process is currently pursued to enrich precursor medical isotopes like lutetium-176 and ytterbium-176. India has successfully produced radionuclide lutetium-177 for clinical use by neutron activation. Atomic vapor laser isotope separation (AVLIS) is used as the enrichment technology. Understanding the physics and technology of processes, like atomic-beam generation, photoplasma production, and ion collection, is essential to designing any AVLIS module. So, a stand-alone research facility was developed before the production plant. This article describes the facility and the experimental and theoretical studies of ion collection in electrostatic fields using barium as the working element. Two types of ion extractors, plate–photoplasma–plate and plate–photoplasma–grid–plate, were designed and fabricated. A model of photo-ion collection in these electrostatic ion extractors was arrived at. Scaling of the initial photo-ion densities and the electric fields is crucial to photoplasma evolution spanning single-particle to collective regimes. Estimates of ion-collection rates of the Indian AVLIS modules for lutetium-176 and ytterbium-176 were carried out. By invoking plasma physics, the technological aspect of producing enriched isotopes was solved by judiciously integrating the atom source, laser system, photoplasma, and ion-extractor geometries. Limitations of the electrostatic ion extractors were also flagged.
A 64-pixel mid-infrared single-photon imager based on superconducting nanowire detectors
Authors: Hampel Benedikt , Mirin Richard P. , Nam Sae Woo , Verma Varun B.
Published: January 2024

A large-format mid-infrared single-photon imager with very low dark count rates would enable a broad range of applications in fields like astronomy and chemistry. Superconducting nanowire single-photon detectors (SNSPDs) are a mature photon-counting technology as demonstrated by their figures of merit such as high detection efficiencies and very low dark count rates. However, scaling SNSPDs to large array sizes for mid-infrared applications requires sophisticated readout architectures in addition to superconducting materials development. In this work, an SNSPD array design that combines a thermally coupled row-column multiplexing architecture with a thermally coupled time-of-flight transmission line was developed for mid-infrared applications. The design requires only six cables and can be scaled to larger array sizes. The demonstration of a 64-pixel array shows promising results for wavelengths between 3.4 μm and 10 μm, which will enable the use of this single-photon detector technology for a broad range of new applications.
Study on the flooding characteristics of a deep-water submarine based on
δ
plus-smoothed particle hydrodynamics method and graphic processing units acceleration
Authors: Chen Hao , Ming Fu-Ren , Sun Shi-Li , Zhang A-Man
Published: January 2024

The process of a damaged ship flooding is a complicated free surface flow problem. There is a complex coupling effect between the ship cabin and the flow inside and outside of the cabin. In this paper, a GPU (graphic processing unit)-δ+-SPH (smoothed particle hydrodynamics) numerical model for the cabin flooding in deep-water environments is developed based on GPU parallel acceleration technology and Nvidia's CUDA (compute unified device architecture). First, the computational accuracy and efficiency of this numerical model are verified by experiments results on the water flooding of a simple damaged cabin model. Furthermore, the flooding characteristics of a submarine cabin are analyzed, considering different numbers of damaged cabins, depths, and opening positions. Finally, the progressive flooding and the dynamic response characteristics of a full-scale submarine model are investigated. The results show that the process of progressive flooding in a submarine cabin is characterized by its rapidity and intensity. Different factors, for example, damaged cabin numbers, cabin depths, and opening positions, have great influences on the process of flooding and the motion of the submarine cabin. This study can offer valuable technical assistance in the post-damage remediation process.
A finite element implementation of the incompressible Schrödinger flow method
Authors: Riva Stefano , Introini Carolina , Cammi Antonio
Published: January 2024

As first proposed by Madelung in 1926, the analogy between quantum mechanics and hydrodynamics has been known for a long time; however, its potentialities and the possibility of using the characteristic equations of quantum mechanics to simulate the behavior of inviscid fluids have not been thoroughly investigated in the past. In this methodology, the incompressible Euler equations are thus substituted by the Schrödinger equation, turning a quasi-linear Partial Differential Equation into a linear one, an algorithm known in the literature as Incompressible Schrödinger Flow. Previous works on the subject used the Fast Fourier Transform method to solve this problem, obtaining promising results, especially in predicting vortex dynamics; this paper aims to implement this novel approach into a Finite Element framework to find a more general formulation better suited for future application on complex geometries and on test cases closer to real-world applications. Simple case studies are presented in this work to analyze the potentialities of this method: the results obtained confirm that this method could potentially have some advantages over traditional Computational Fluid Dynamics method, especially for what concerns computational savings related to the required time discretization, whilst also introducing new aspects of the algorithm, mainly related to boundary conditions, not addressed in previous works.
Investigation of fluid added mass matrix during hydroelastic slamming of wedges
Authors: Feng Song , Zhang Guiyong , Jiang Changqing , Jiang Shengchao , Moctar Ould el , Ma Yuxiang
Published: January 2024

The investigation of the fluid added mass (FAM) matrix during the water entry of an elastic structure is crucial for understanding the mechanism of hydroelastic slamming, as it characterizes the fluid–structural interaction process. In this paper, we excavate a model for directly estimating the FAM matrix during hydroelastic slamming and employ this model to study the limitations and optimized values of the relaxation factor for a partitioned coupling solver. Our simulation of hydroelastic slamming couples the Wagner theory with the modal superposition method (MSM), and the FAM matrix is computed using a monolithic coupling scheme. We conduct a series of parametric studies to analyze how the modal number, hydroelasticity, deadrise angle, and structural boundary condition influence the eigenvalues of the FAM matrix. Based on these studies, we then propose an analytical model to directly express the eigenvalues of the FAM matrix, demonstrating their linear relationship with the wetted ratio. Furthermore, we apply this analytical model to analyze the relaxation factor in the partitioned coupling scheme, theoretically explaining its strong connection to the FAM effect. The limitations and optimized values of the relaxation factor are theoretically presented, and these results are verified through our numerical tests.
Predicting fluid–structure interaction with graph neural networks
Authors: Gao Rui , Jaiman Rajeev K.
Published: January 2024

We present a rotation equivariant, quasi-monolithic graph neural network framework for the reduced-order modeling (ROM) of fluid–structure interaction systems. With the aid of an arbitrary Lagrangian–Eulerian (ALE) formulation, the system states are evolved temporally with two sub-networks. The movement of the mesh is reduced to the evolution of several coefficients via complex-valued proper orthogonal decomposition (POD), and the prediction of these coefficients over time is handled by a single multi-layer perceptron (MLP). A finite element-inspired hypergraph neural network is employed to predict the evolution of the fluid state based on the state of the whole system. The structural state is implicitly modeled by the movement of the mesh on the solid–fluid interface; hence, it makes the proposed framework quasi-monolithic. The effectiveness of the proposed framework is assessed on two prototypical fluid–structure systems, namely, the flow around an elastically mounted cylinder and the flow around a hyperelastic plate attached to a fixed cylinder. The proposed framework tracks the interface description and provides stable and accurate system state predictions during roll-out for at least 2000 time steps and even demonstrates some capability in self-correcting erroneous predictions. The proposed framework also enables direct calculation of the lift and drag forces using the predicted fluid and mesh states, in contrast to existing convolution-based architectures. The proposed reduced-order model via the graph neural network has implications for the development of physics-based digital twins concerning moving boundaries and fluid–structure interactions.
Incident component extraction from disturbed waves around large fixed cylindrical structures
Authors: Song Hong , Zhu Mintao , Tai Peng , Liu Fushun
Published: January 2024

The parameters of incident waves are critical for real-time wave load estimation of structures in service. Nonetheless, it is challenging to characterize incident waves accurately using the measured wave surface elevation around large fixed cylindrical structures due to the interaction with the structure in the wave field. To provide a better understanding of incident waves, which are usually buried in directly measured waves, a new time-domain method for the extraction of first-order and second-order incident waves around large fixed cylindrical structures is proposed. In contrast to most existing separation methods that are suitable for structures with equal reflection coefficients, the amplitude and phase changes of near-field waves around cylindrical structures can be determined by considering the significant diffraction effect, and then the time-frequency characteristic of the wavelet transform is employed, which enables the extraction of incident waves in the time domain. The accuracy of the proposed method is studied using several examples with known incident waves which are generated with the OpenFOAM. The numerical results show that the deviations between the exact and extracted incident waves change from 6.16% to 16.77% for different wave conditions. To further investigate the performance of the proposed method, an experimental study on waves around a mono-pile offshore wind turbine (OWT) is conducted in the laboratory of the Ocean University of China. The predicted results basically agree well with the target waves in terms of amplitude and phase. The deviations between predicted waves using the proposed method and target waves are 110% smaller than those between directly experimental measured waves and target waves for all tested conditions. Finally, 48 h of measured wave data were obtained during calm and typhoon periods around a mono-pile OWT located near Rudong County, Jiangsu Province, in the Yellow Sea of China. There are almost 150% and 30% differences between the extraction results and measured data in the time series and statistical wave heights, respectively, which means that employing disturbed wave data as the input for calculating real-time wave loads leads to deviations that cannot be ignored.