bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of Glycologic Point-of-Care Infection Test Kit for Diabetic Foot Ulcers in Relation to Bacterial Presence: A Prospective Cohort Study
Authors: Jonker Leon , Mark Emma , Singleton Laura , Smith Danielle , Fisher Stacey , Gratwohl Doug
Published: March 2022

Background: Point-of-care testing for infection might help podiatric physicians optimize management of diabetic foot ulcers (DFUs). Glycologic’s proprietary GLYWD product has been developed to detect changes in a patient’s immunologic/inflammatory response related to wound infection. We evaluated how bacterial presence in DFUs relates to GLYWD test outcome.

Methods: This was a single-organization, prospective, controlled cohort study of clinical opinion versus GLYWD test result for DFU infection status and the appraisal of bacterial presence in the wounds and semiquantitative microbiology swab at weeks 0, 3, 6, 12, and 18. Spearman correlation, backward elimination linear regression, and principal components analysis were applied to determine which variables, including degree of bacterial load, are associated with a positive clinical opinion or GLYWD result for DFU infection.

Results: Forty-eight patients were enrolled, and 142 complete wound appraisals were conducted; a consensus outcome between clinical opinion and GLYWD result was achieved in most (n = 122, 86%). Clinical opinion significantly correlated with a higher bacterial load (Spearman rho = 0.38; P < .01), whereas GLYWD did not (rho = –0.010; P = .91). This observation was corroborated with logistic regression analysis, in which a previous observation of both clinical opinion and GLYWD associating with wound purulence and erythema was also confirmed.

Conclusions: Podiatric physicians are guided by hallmark signs of DFU infection, such as erythema and purulence; furthermore, we found that clinical opinion of infection correlates with increased bacterial load. GLYWD test results match clinical opinion in most cases, although the results obtained with this point-of-care method suggest that the degree of bacterial presence might not necessarily mean a higher chance of inducing an immunologic/inflammatory host response to said bacteria.
Beyond Coding
Authors: Bers Marina Umaschi
Published: March 2022

Why children should be taught coding not as a technical skill but as a new literacy—a way to express themselves and engage with the world.

Today, schools are introducing STEM education and robotics to children in ever-lower grades. In Beyond Coding, Marina Umaschi Bers lays out a pedagogical roadmap for teaching code that encompasses the cultivation of character along with technical knowledge and skills. Presenting code as a universal language, she shows how children discover new ways of thinking, relating, and behaving through creative coding activities. Today's children will undoubtedly have the technical knowledge to change the world. But cultivating strength of character, socioeconomic maturity, and a moral compass alongside that knowledge, says Bers, is crucial.

Bers, a leading proponent of teaching computational thinking and coding as early as preschool and kindergarten, presents examples of children and teachers using the Scratch Jr. and Kibo robotics platforms to make explicit some of the positive values implicit in the process of learning computer science. If we are to do right by our children, our approach to coding must incorporate the elements of a moral education: the use of narrative to explore identity and values, the development of logical thinking to think critically and solve technical and ethical problems, and experiences in the community to enable personal relationships. Through learning the language of programming, says Bers, it is possible for diverse cultural and religious groups to find points of connection, put assumptions and stereotypes behind them, and work together toward a common goal.
Intracholecystic Papillary Neoplasm with Low-grade Intraepithelial Neoplasia: A Rare Entity
Authors: Gupta Vertika , Devdhar Sarita , Gautam Rashmi , Chaudhary Arun , Adhlakha Bhuvan
Published: March 2022

Intracholecystic Papillary Neoplasm (ICPN) is a recently described, rare, mass forming, epithelial neoplasm originating in the mucosa of the gall bladder. It usually protrudes in the lumen and is generally noninvasive but may show dysplastic changes which may be low-grade or high-grade or may be associated with invasive carcinoma. Authors hereby describe a case of ICPN in a 57-year-old female patient who reported to Surgery Outpatient Department (OPD) with the chief complaint of pain in abdomen since last five days. On ultrasonography, gall stones were detected for which she underwent cholecystectomy. Histopathological Examination (HPE) revealed a papillary growth in the body of gall bladder measuring 1.0 cm in diameter. Sections from the growth showed back-to-back arranged glands exhibiting a papillary pattern. The glands were lined by columnar epithelium with basally located nuclei. Pyloric metaplasia was noted focally. No foci of invasion were seen. Papillary hyperplasia was noted in adjacent areas along with features consistent with chronic cholecystitis. Thus, a diagnosis of ICPN with low-grade intraepithelial neoplasia was made. The patient recovered well postsurgery and is on regular follow-up.
ENTREPRENEURIAL MARKETING START-UP MEDIA SIBER LOKAL KEMPALAN.COM DI JAWA TIMUR: STRATEGI MENUJU SUSTAINABILITY?
Authors: Mutiara Freddy
Published: March 2022

Entrepreneurial marketing is marketing practices for small companies and start-ups that grow through entrepreneurial activities in the midst of limited company resources and the uncertainty of business environment. In research using qualitative research methods through descriptive case studies, it was found that entrepreneurial marketing plays an important role in the operational success of cyber media start-up company Kempalan.com. Intuitively, agilely, and innovatively according to the dynamics of business environment faced by cyber media Kempalan.com, entrepreneurial marketing plays a role in building the company's competitiveness in the industry. In addition to carrying out entrepreneurial marketing, Kempalan.com needs to scale-up and achieve business economies of scale for the company's sustainability in the future.
Abstrak:
Entrepreneurial marketing merupakan praktik pemasaran perusahaan kecil dan start-up yang bertumbuh melalui aktivitas kewirausahaan di tengah keterbatasan sumber daya perusahaan dan ketidakpastian lingkungan bisnis. Dalam penelitian menggunakan metode penelitian kualitatif melalui studi kasus deskriptif ditemukan bahwa entrepreneurial marketing berperan penting dalam keberhasilan operasional perusahaan start-up media siber Kempalan.com. Secara intuitif, agile, dan inovatif sesuai dinamika lingkungan bisnis yang dihadapi media siber Kempalan.com, entrepreneurial marketing berperan membangun daya saing perusahaan di dalam industri. Selain menjalankan entrepreneurial marketing, Kempalan.com perlu melakukan scale-up dan mencapai skala ekonomi bisnisnya untuk keberlanjutan perusahaan di masa depan.
ANTECEDENTS OF ONLINE EXPERIENCE ON E-COMMERCE PLATFORM IN INDONESIA
Authors: Marchyta Nony Kezia
Published: March 2022

The developments of online technology in Indonesia had transformed how businesses approach Indonesian customers, leading to the rise of e-commerce. This research was conducted by distributing questionnaires to 196 respondents who are a leading e-commerce platform in Indonesia. Multiple regression analysis had been used to test the hypotheses. The study found that perceived usability, perceived enjoyment, and online social interaction had a significant positive effect on the online experience. This study helps online shopping platforms to understand the opportunity to enhance the online experience of their customers.
Abstrak:
Perkembangan teknologi online di Indonesia telah mengubah cara bisnis dalam memikat pelanggan, yang mengarah pada lahirnya e-commerce. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan mendistribusikan angket penelitian kepada 196 responden dari salah satu platform e-commerce terkemuka di Indonesia. Analisis regresi berganda digunakan untuk menguji hipotesis penelitian. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa perceived usability, perceived enjoyment, dan online social interaction memiliki pengaruh positif terhadap online experience. Hasil penelitian ini membantu platform online shopping untuk memahami kesempatan dalam meningkatkan pengalaman berbelanja online bagi para pelanggan.
PENGARUH BRAND ATTACHMENT TERHADAP REPURCHASE INTENTION DENGAN BRAND COMMITMENT SEBAGAI VARIABEL INTERVENING PADA CUSTOMER CRUNCHAUS SALADS
Authors: Fonny Agnes , Tandijaya Trixie Nova Bella
Published: March 2022

Semakin ketatnya persaingan bisnis saat ini, menjadikan brand harus mampu menjalin hubungan relasi yang dekat dan erat dengan konsumen agar brand dapat memenangkan pasar. Salah satu hubungan relasi antara customer-brand yang mampu mengikat kedua pihak hingga menyentuh sisi psikologis konsumen adalah brand attachment. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisa pengaruh brand attachment terhadap repurchase intention dengan brand commitment sebagai variabel intervening pada customer Crunchaus Salads. Hasil penelitian ini membuktikan bahwa keterikatan dan komitmen konsumen terhadap brand dapat mempengaruhi perilaku pembelian ulang pada brand tersebut.
Wavelength‐Controlled Photocurrent Polarity Switching in BP‐MoS2 Heterostructure
Authors: Jawa Himani , Varghese Abin , Ghosh Sayantan , Sahoo Srilagna , Yin Yuefeng , Medhekar Nikhil V , Lodha Saurabh
Published: March 2022

Layered 2D van der Waals semiconductors and their heterostructures have been shown to exhibit positive photoconductance (PPC) in many studies. A few recent reports have demonstrated negative photoconductance (NPC) as well that can enable broadband photodetection besides multi‐level optoelectronic logic and memory. Controllable and reversible switching between PPC and NPC is a key requirement for these applications. This report demonstrates visible‐to‐near infrared wavelength‐driven NPC and PPC, along with reversible switching between the two, in an air stable, high mobility, broadband black phosphorus field effect transistor covered with a few layer MoS2 flake. The crossover switching wavelength can be tuned by varying the MoS2 bandgap through its flake thickness and the NPC and PPC photoresponsivities can be modulated using electrostatic gating as well as laser power. Recombination‐driven NPC and PPC, as supported by density functional theory calculations, allows for reversible switching. Further, gate voltage‐dependent negative persistent photoconductance is well‐suited for optosynaptic applications.
Pinning Bromide Ion with Ionic Liquid in Lead‐Free Cs2AgBiBr6 Double Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Li Jiangning , Meng Xianghuan , Wu Zhiheng , Duan Yanyan , Guo Ruxin , Xiao Weidong , Zhang Yongshang , Li Yukun , Shen Yonglong , Zhang Wei , Shao Guosheng
Published: March 2022

Lead‐free Cs2AgBiBr6 double perovskite has received widespread attention because of its non‐toxicity and high thermal stability. However, intrinsic bromide ion (Br–) migration limits continuous operation of Cs2AgBiBr6‐based perovskite solar cells (PSCs). Herein, an operational and simple strategy is carried out to improve the power conversion efficiency (PCE) and long‐term stability of Cs2AgBiBr6‐based PSCs by introducing 1‐butyl‐1‐methylpyrrolidinium chloride (BMPyrCl) and 1‐butyl‐3‐methylpyridinium chloride (BMPyCl) ionic liquids (ILs). The higher binding energy between Br– in Cs2AgBiBr6 and cation in IL containing pyrrole can inhibit Br– migration effectively, thereby reducing film defects and improving energy level matching. The optimized PCE of 2.22% is obtained for hole transport layer‐free, carbon‐based PSC, which hardly degrades at 40% ± 5% relative humidity and 25 °C for 40 days. This work highlights an effective method to mitigate the halide migration in Cs2AgBiBr6 perovskite, thus providing an effective route in promoting the development of lead‐free double PSCs.
3D Architecturing Strategy on the Utmost Carbon Nanotube Fiber for Ultra‐High Performance Fiber‐Shaped Supercapacitor
Authors: Kim Jeong‐Gil , Yu Hayoung , Jung Jae Young , Kim Min Ji , Jeon Dae‐Young , Jeong Hyeon Su , Kim Nam Dong
Published: March 2022

Fiber‐shaped supercapacitors (FSSCs) are the most state‐of‐the‐art power supplies suitable for wearable devices, but the intrinsically limited cylindrical space of fibers restricts their high electrochemical performance, which must be overcome with a delicate and systematic architectural process. Here, a simple but effective 3D architectural strategy for fabricating FSSCs with high performance and flexibility is proposed. Highly conductive liquid crystal spun carbon nanotube fiber (CNTF) is an excellent 1D core fiber for the electrophoretic deposition of graphene oxide (GO). The deposited GO forms a vertical 3D structure on the CNTF (VG@CNTF), which can be successfully preserved by a consecutive coating of pseudocapacitive active materials onto the surface of VG. Notably, a solid‐state asymmetric FSSC shows an outstanding performance of 65 Wh kg−1 at 100 kW kg−1 and exceptional stability and flexibility (capacitance retention of 98.60% at bending angles of 90° and 93.1% after 5000 bending cycles). This work can provide new insight into the development of high‐performance FSSCs for practical wearable applications.
Inkjet‐Printed rGO/binary Metal Oxide Sensor for Predictive Gas Sensing in a Mixed Environment
Authors: Ogbeide Osarenkhoe , Bae Garam , Yu Wenbei , Morrin Ewan , Song Yungyu , Song Wooseok , Li Yu , Su Bao‐Lian , An Ki‐Seok , Hasan Tawfique
Published: March 2022

Selectivity for specific analytes and high‐temperature operation are key challenges for chemiresistive‐type gas sensors. Complementary hybrid materials, such as reduced graphene oxide (rGO) decorated with metal oxides enables realization of room‐temperature sensors with enhanced sensitivity. However, sensor training to identify target gases and accurate concentration measurement from gas mixtures still remain very challenging. This work proposes hybridization of rGO with CuCoOx binary metal oxide as a sensing material. Highly stable, room‐temperature NO2 sensors with a 50 ppb of detection limit is demonstrated using inkjet printing. A framework is then developed for machine‐intelligent recognition with good visibility to identify specific gases and predict concentration under an interfering atmosphere from a single sensor. Using ten unique parameters extracted from the sensor response, the machine learning‐based classifier provides a decision boundary with 98.1% accuracy, and is able to correctly predict previously unseen NO2 and humidity concentrations in an interfering environment. This approach enables implementation of an intelligent platform for printable, room‐temperature gas sensors in a mixed environment irrespective of ambient humidity.
A Computational Framework to Accelerate the Discovery of Perovskites for Solar Thermochemical Hydrogen Production: Identification of Gd Perovskite Oxide Redox Mediators
Authors: Bare Zachary J. L. , Morelock Ryan J. , Musgrave Charles B.
Published: March 2022

A high‐throughput computational framework to identify novel multinary perovskite redox mediators is presented, and this framework is applied to discover the Gd‐containing perovskite oxide compositions Gd2BB′O6, GdA′B2O6, and GdA′BB′O6 that split water. The computational scheme uses a sequence of empirical approaches to evaluate the stabilities, electronic properties, and oxygen vacancy thermodynamics of these materials, including contributions to the enthalpies and entropies of reduction, ΔHTR and ΔSTR. This scheme uses the machine‐learned descriptor τ to identify compositions that are likely stable as perovskites, the bond valence method to estimate the magnitude and phase of BO6 octahedral tilting and provide accurate initial estimates of perovskite geometries, and density functional theory including magnetic‐ and defect‐sampling to predict STCH‐relevant properties. Eighty‐three promising STCH candidate perovskite oxides down‐selected from 4392 Gd‐containing compositions are reported, three of which are referred to experimental collaborators for characterization and exhibit STCH activity. The results demonstrate that the high‐throughput computational scheme described herein—which is used to evaluate Gd‐containing compositions but can be applied to any multinary perovskite oxide compositional space(s) of interest—accelerates the discovery of novel STCH active redox mediators with reasonable computational expense.
Fast‐Charging Halide‐Based All‐Solid‐State Batteries by Manipulation of Current Collector Interface
Authors: Deng Sixu , Jiang Ming , Rao Adwitiya , Lin Xiaoting , Doyle‐Davis Kieran , Liang Jianwen , Yu Chuang , Li Ruying , Zhao Shangqian , Zhang Li , Huang Huan , Wang Jiantao , Singh Chandra Veer , Sun Xueliang
Published: March 2022

Poor rate capability is a significant obstacle for the practical application of inorganic all‐solid‐state lithium‐ion batteries (ASSLIBs). The charge transfer kinetics at the interface of current collectors is crucial for high‐rate capacity, but is typically neglected. In this paper, the interfacial evolution between Al foil current collectors and composite cathodes is studied in the LiCoO2/Li3InCl6 (LCO/LIC) ASSLIBs at both 25 and −10 °C. The results indicate that the side reactions between Al foil and LIC are the main challenges for the interfacial stability of current collector at 25 °C. The design of a graphene‐like carbon (GLC) coating for the modification of Al avoids side reactions at the interface of current collector, resulting in improved cycling stability and high‐rate capacity. GLC Al ASSLIB exhibits a high initial capacity of 102.9 mAh g–1 with a capacity retention of 89.1% after 150 cycles at 1 C. A high‐rate capacity of 69 mAh g–1 is also achieved at 5 C. At −10 °C, the low Li+/electron transfer kinetics along with side reactions is the key limitation for the rate capability. Thanks to the GLC coating, the improved electrochemical performance is achieved with the enhanced charge transfer kinetics at the interface of current collector.
Magnesium Ions Direct the Solid‐State Transformation of Amorphous Calcium Carbonate Thin Films to Aragonite, Magnesium‐Calcite, or Dolomite
Authors: Zhang Shuheng , Nahi Ouassef , Chen Li , Aslam Zabeada , Kapur Nikil , Kim Yi‐Yeoun , Meldrum Fiona C.
Published: March 2022

Amorphous calcium carbonate (ACC) is a common precursor to crystalline calcium carbonate, and is of particular importance in biomineralization, where its crystallization in privileged environments ensures a pseudomorphic transformation. While organisms regulate this process using organic molecules and magnesium ions to selectively form calcite or aragonite, it has proven highly challenging to replicate this polymorph selectivity synthetically. Here, it is demonstrated that remarkable control can be achieved over the chemical composition and structure of crystalline calcium carbonate by using heat to drive a pseudomorphic transformation of ACC thin films. The crystal polymorph can be tuned from low magnesium‐calcite to pure aragonite, high magnesium‐calcite, and ultimately dolomite according to the magnesium content of the ACC, and mosaics of large single crystals are generated at elevated temperatures rather than the spherulitic structures formed at room temperature. This methodology also enables an in situ investigation of the ACC crystallization mechanism using transmission electron microscopy. Finally, the approach can be combined with templating methods to generate arrays of large aragonite single crystals with preselected morphologies. These results demonstrate that exceptional control can be achieved through the solid‐state transformation of Mg‐ACC, which has relevance to both synthetic and biological systems.
An Intelligent Nanovehicle Armed with Multifunctional Navigation for Precise Delivery of Toll‐Like Receptor 7/8 Agonist and Immunogenic Cell Death Amplifiers to Eliminate Solid Tumors and Trigger Durable Antitumor Immunity
Authors: Hao Yanyun , Li Hui , Zhao Huajun , Liu Yutong , Ge Xiaoyan , Li Xia , Chen Hongfei , Yang Ailu , Zou Jing , Li Xue , Sun Xuechun , Zhang Xinke , Wang Xiao , Li Zepeng , Zhang Qilu , Wu Hao , Wang Guan , Zhang Jian , De Geest Bruno G. , Zhang Zhiyue
Published: March 2022

Cancer immunotherapy is revolutionary in oncology and hematology. However, a low response rate restricts the clinical benefits of this therapy owing to inadequate T lymphocyte infiltration and low delivery efficiency of immunotherapeutic drugs. Herein, an intelligent nanovehicle (folic acid (FA)/1‐(4‐(aminomethyl) benzyl)‐2‐butyl‐1H‐imidazo[4,5‐c]quinolin‐4‐amine (IMDQ)‐oxaliplatin (F/IMO)@CuS) armed with multifunctional navigation is designed for the accurate delivery of cargoes to tumor cells and dendritic cells (DCs), respectively. The nanovehicle is based on a near infrared‐responsive inorganic CuS nanoparticles, acting as a photosensitizer and carrier of the chemotherapeutic agent oxaliplatin, and enters tumor cells owing to the presence of folic acid on the surface of CuS upon intratumoral injection. Furthermore, a toll‐like receptor (TLR) 7/8 agonist‐conjugated polymer, anchored on the surface of CuS, is modified with mannose to bind with DCs in the tumor microenvironment. Upon exposure to laser irradiation, nanovehicles disassemble, releasing oxaliplatin, to ablate tumor cells and amplify immunogenic cell death in combination with photothermal therapy. Mannose‐modified polymer‐TLR7/8 agonist conjugates are subsequently exposed, leading to the activation of DCs and proliferation of T cells. Collectively, these intelligent nanovehicles reduce tumor burden, exert a robust antitumor immune response, and generate long‐term immune protection to prevent tumor recurrence.
Biomaterial Scaffolds Made of Chemically Cross‐Linked Gelatin Microsphere Aggregates (C‐GMSs) Promote Vascularized Bone Regeneration
Authors: Wang Peiyan , Meng Xinyue , Wang Runze , Yang Wei , Yang Lanting , Wang Jianxun , Wang Dong‐An , Fan Changjiang
Published: March 2022

Various scaffolding systems have been attempted to facilitate vascularization in tissue engineering by optimizing biophysical properties (e.g., vascular‐like structures, porous architectures, surface topographies) or loading biochemical factors (e.g., growth factors, hormones). However, vascularization during ossification remains an unmet challenge that hampers the repair of large bone defects. In this study, reconstructing vascularized bones in situ against critical‐sized bone defects is endeavored using newly developed scaffolds made of chemically cross‐linked gelatin microsphere aggregates (C‐GMSs). The rationale of this design lies in the creation and optimization of cell–material interfaces to enhance focal adhesion, proliferation, and function of anchorage‐dependent functional cells. In vitro trials are carried out by coculturing human aortic endothelial cells (HAECs) and murine osteoblast precursor cells (MC3T3‐E1) within C‐GMS scaffolds, in which endothelialized bone‐like constructs are yielded. Angiogenesis and osteogenesis induced by C‐GMSs scaffold are further confirmed via subcutaneous‐embedding trials in nude mice. In situ trials for the repair of critical‐sized femoral defects are subsequently performed in rats. The acellular C‐GMSs with interconnected macropores, exhibit the capability to recruit the endogenous cells (e.g., bone‐forming cells, vascular forming cells, immunocytes) and then promote vascularized bone regeneration as well as integration with host bone.
Soft Wireless Bioelectronics Designed for Real‐Time, Continuous Health Monitoring of Farmworkers
Authors: Kim Yun‐Soung , Kim Jihoon , Chicas Roxana , Xiuhtecutli Nezahualcoyotl , Matthews Jared , Zavanelli Nathan , Kwon Shinjae , Lee Sung Hoon , Hertzberg Vicki S. , Yeo Woon‐Hong
Published: March 2022

Hotter summers caused by global warming and increased workload and duration are endangering the health of farmworkers, a high‐risk population for heat‐related illness (HRI), and deaths. Although prior studies using wearable sensors show the feasibility of employing field‐collected data for HRI monitoring, existing devices still have limitations, such as data loss from motion artifacts, device discomfort from rigid electronics, difficulties with administering ingestible sensors, and low temporal resolution. Here, this paper introduces a wireless, wearable bioelectronic system with functionalities for continuous monitoring of skin temperature, electrocardiograms (ECG), heart rates (HR), and activities, configured in a single integrated package. Advanced nanomanufacturing based on laser machining allows rapid device fabrication and direct incorporation of sensors with a highly breathable substrate, allowing for managing excessive sweating and multimodal stresses. To validate the device's performance in agricultural settings, the device is applied to multiple farmworkers at various operations, including fernery, nursery, and crop. The accurate data recording, including high‐fidelity ECG (signal‐to‐noise ratio: >20 dB), accurate HR (r = 0.89, r2 = 0.65 in linear correlation), and reliable temperature/activity, confirms the device's capability for multiparameter health monitoring of farmworkers.
Sequential Phase Conversion‐Induced Phosphides Heteronanorod Arrays for Superior Hydrogen Evolution Performance to Pt in Wide pH Media
Authors: Yang Hongyuan , Guo Peifang , Wang Ruirui , Chen Ziliang , Xu Hongbin , Pan Hongge , Sun Dalin , Fang Fang , Wu Renbing
Published: March 2022

Developing an efficient and non‐precious pH‐universal hydrogen evolution reaction electrocatalyst is highly desirable for hydrogen production by electrochemical water splitting but remains a significant challenge. Herein, a hierarchical structure composed of heterostructured Ni2P‐Ni12P5 nanorod arrays rooted on Ni3S2 film (Ni2P‐Ni12P5@Ni3S2) via a simultaneous corrosion and sulfidation is built followed by a phosphidation treatment toward the metallic nickel foam. The combination of theoretical calculations with in/ex situ characterizations unveils that such a unique sequential phase conversion strategy ensures the strong interfacial coupling between Ni2P and Ni12P5 as well as the robust stabilization of 1D heteronanorod arrays by Ni3S2 film, resulting in the promoted water adsorption/dissociation energy, the optimized hydrogen adsorption energy, and the enhanced electron/proton transfer ability accompanied with an excellent stability. Consequently, Ni2P‐Ni12P5@Ni3S2/NF requires only 32, 46, and 34 mV overpotentials to drive 10 mA cm−2 in 1.0 m KOH, 0.5 m H2SO4, and 1.0 m phosphate‐buffered saline electrolytes, respectively, exceeding almost all the previously reported non‐noble metal‐based electrocatalysts. This work may pave a new avenue for the rational design of non‐precious electrocatalysts toward pH‐universal hydrogen evolution catalysis.
Anion‐Exchange Driven Phase Transition in CsPbI3 Nanowires for Fabricating Epitaxial Perovskite Heterojunctions
Authors: Li Jing , Xu Jiao , Bao Yanan , Li Jianliang , Wang Hengshan , He Chengyu , An Meiqi , Tang Huayi , Sun Zhiguang , Fang Yurui , Liang Shuang , Yang Yiming
Published: March 2022

Anion‐exchange in halide perovskites provides a unique pathway of bandgap engineering for fabricating heterojunctions in low‐cost photovoltaics and optoelectronics. However, it remains challenging to achieve robust and sharp perovskite heterojunctions, due to the spontaneous anion interdiffusion across the heterojunction in 3D perovskites. Here, it is shown that the anionic behavior in 1D perovskites is fundamentally different, that the anion exchange can readily drive an indirect‐to‐direct bandgap phase transition in CsPbI3 nanowires (NWs) and greatly lower the phase transition temperature. In addition, the heterojunction created by phase transition is epitaxial in nature, and its chemical composition can be precisely controlled upon postannealing. Further study of the phase transition dynamics reveals a threshold‐dominating anion exchange mechanism in these 1D NWs rather than the gradient‐dominating mechanism in 3D systems. The results provide important insights into the ionic behavior in halide perovskites, which is beneficial for applications in solar cells, light‐emitting diodes (LEDs), and other semiconductor devices.
A Family of Frost‐Resistant and Icephobic Coatings
Authors: Chatterjee Rukmava , Bararnia Hassan , Anand Sushant
Published: March 2022

Anti‐icing and icephobic materials play a crucial role in demanding applications ranging from energy to transportation systems operating in frigid climates. Despite remarkable advancements in the development of such surface coatings, the use of anti/de‐icing chemicals remains one of the go‐to solutions for ice management. However, they are notoriously prone to removal by shear forces and dissolution. Herein, the design rationale for developing a family of cryoprotectant and phase‐change material (PCM)‐based compositions in the form of mixtures, non‐aqueous emulsions‐creams, and gels that can substantially overcome such challenges is reported. This is achieved through the sustenance of an in‐situ‐generated surface hydration layer that protects the underlying substrate from a variety of foulants, varying from ice to disease‐causing bacteria. Each formulation utilizes unique chemistry to curtail the embodied cryoprotectant loss and can be easily applied as an all‐in‐one sprayable/paintable coating capable of significantly outperforming untreated industrial materials in terms of their ability to delay condensation‐frosting and shed ice simultaneously. Concomitantly, an array of formulation‐specific functionalities is observed in the family, which includes optical transparency, mechanical durability, high shear‐flow stability, and self‐healing characteristics.
Production of Large‐Area Nucleus‐Free Single‐Crystal Graphene‐Mesh Metamaterials with Zigzag Edges
Authors: Tian Bo , Li Junzhu , Samad Abdus , Schwingenschlögl Udo , Lanza Mario , Zhang Xixiang
Published: March 2022

In addition to conventional monolayer or bilayer graphene films, graphene‐mesh metamaterials have attracted considerable research attention within the scientific community owing to their unique physical and optical properties. Currently, most graphene‐mesh metamaterials are fabricated using common lithography techniques on exfoliated graphene flakes, which require the deposition and removal of chemicals during fabrication. This process may introduce contamination or doping, thereby limiting their production size and application in nanodevices. Herein, the controlled production of wafer‐scale high‐quality single‐crystal nucleus‐free graphene‐mesh metamaterial films with zigzag edges is demonstrated. The 13C‐isotopic labeling graphene‐growth approach, large‐area Raman mapping techniques, and a uniquely designed high‐voltage localized‐space air‐ionization etching method are utilized to directly remove the graphene nuclei. Subsequently, a hydrogen‐assisted anisotropic etching process is employed for transforming irregular edges into zigzag edges within the hexagonal‐shaped holes, producing a large‐scale single‐crystal high‐quality graphene‐mesh metamaterial film on a Cu(111) substrate. The carrier mobilities of the fabricated field‐effect transistors on the as‐produced films are measured. The findings of this study enable the large‐scale production of high‐quality low‐dimensional graphene‐mesh metamaterials and provide insights for the application of integrated circuits based on graphene and other 2D metamaterials.
A Bi‐Layer Hydrogel Cardiac Patch Made of Recombinant Functional Proteins
Authors: Jiang Xiaoyu , Feng Teng , An Bolin , Ren Susu , Meng Jufeng , Li Ke , Liu Suying , Wu Haiying , Zhang Hui , Zhong Chao
Published: March 2022

The development of minimally invasive cardiac patches, either as hemostatic dressing or treating myocardial infarction, is of clinical significance but remains a major challenge. Designing such patches often requires simultaneous consideration of several material attributes, including bioabsorption, non‐toxicity, matching the mechanic properties of heart tissues, and working efficiently in wet and dynamic environments. Using genetically engineered multi‐domain proteins, a printed bi‐layer proteinaceous hydrogel patch for heart failure treatments is reported. The intrinsic self‐healing nature of hydrogel materials physically enables seamless interfacial integration of two disparate hydrogel layers and functionally endows the cardiac patches with the combinatorial advantages of each layer. Leveraging the biocompatibility, structural stability, and tunable drug release properties of the bi‐layer hydrogel, promising effects of hemostasis, fibrosis reduction, and heart function recovery on mice is demonstrated with two myocardium damage models. Moreover, this proteinaceous patch is proved biodegradable in vivo without any additive inflammations. In conclusion, this work introduces a promising new type of minimally invasive patch based on genetically modified double‐layer protein gel for treating heart‐related injuries or diseases.
Conjugated Oligoelectrolytes for Long‐Term Tumor Tracking with Incremental NIR‐II Emission
Authors: Zhou Cheng , Li Zeshun , Zhu Ziyue , Chia Geraldine W. N. , Mikhailovsky Alexander , Vázquez Ricardo Javier , Chan Samuel J. W. , Li Kai , Liu Bin , Bazan Guillermo C.
Published: March 2022

The design and synthesis of the near‐infrared (NIR)‐II emissive conjugated oligoelectrolyte COE‐BBT are reported. COE‐BBT has a solubility in aqueous media greater than 50 mg mL−1, low toxicity, and a propensity to intercalate lipid bilayers, wherein it exhibits a higher emission quantum yield relative to aqueous media. Addition of COE‐BBT to cells provides two emission channels, at ≈500 and ≈1020 nm, depending on the excitation wavelength, which facilitates in vitro confocal microscopy and in vivo animal imaging. The NIR‐II emission of COE‐BBT is used to track intracranial and subcutaneous tumor progression in mice. Of relevance is that the total NIR‐II intensity increases over time. This phenomenon is attributed to a progressive attenuation of a COE‐BBT self‐quenching effect within the cells due to the expected dye dilution per cell as the tumor proliferates.
Electrochromic Displays Manufactured by a Combination of Vapor Phase Polymerization and Screen Printing
Authors: Brooke Robert , Petsagkourakis Ioannis , Wijeratne Kosala , Andersson Ersman Peter
Published: March 2022

Smart label technology such as indicators is a growing field due to society's demand for Internet of Things devices. New materials and technologies are continuously being discovered and developed in order to provide better resolution, better performance, or more environmentally friendly devices. Within this report, screen printing technology is combined with vapor phase polymerization to synthesize three conductive polymers; poly(3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT), polypyrrole (PPy), and polythiophene (PTh). The conductive polymers are created in micrometer resolution and investigated for their electrochromic properties. PEDOT and PPy samples are combined into printed, laminated, transmissive electrochromic displays. The technology is further advanced to establish separate PEDOT, PPy, and PTh all‐printed electrochromic displays using several screen printed layers. The PEDOT displays show improved color retention as compared to displays created with commercially available PEDOT:poly(styrene sulfonate) (PSS) with comparable contrast and switching behavior. All‐printed PPy and PTh electrochromic displays with impressive electrochromic behavior are demonstrated. More complex patterns of 7‐segment displays are created, thereby highlighting flexibility and individually switched sections of the conductive polymers. This research extends the screen printing and vapor phase polymerization combination to other conductive polymers and the potential commercialization of multicolor electrochromic displays that has been otherwise dominated by monochromatic PEDOT:PSS.
Efficient Interfacial Synthesis Strategy for Perovskite CsPbBr3 Nanorods in the Biphase Solution
Authors: Xie Jinfeng , Wu Linzhong , Cao Muhan , Zhong Qixuan , Zeng Ying , Ni Chuanxin , Qian Qingyi , Zhang Xiaohong , Huang He
Published: March 2022

1D APbX3 (A = Cs, MA, FA, X = Cl, Br, I) nanorods (NRs) show potential for the future integrated optoelectronic devices as the ideal building blocks due to their outstanding optoelectronic performances. However, there is still a lack of high‐efficiency controllable strategies to synthesize CsPbX3 NRs. An interfacial synthesis strategy is shown here to fabricate CsPbBr3 NRs by inserting Pb2+ into postsynthetic CsBr nanocrystals in vortex method at the water‐hexane interface. The water phase can intrinsically separate from the hexane phase in such a system and take away excess Pb2+ and other side reaction salts. Additionally, without additional ligand assisted growth, the whole reaction system could result in a very clean surface of CsPbBr3 NRs, eliminating the further purification process. The new approach for interfacial synthesis paves the way for efficient synthesis of CsPbBr3 nanorods.
Tunable Thermofluorochromic Sensors Based on Conjugated Polymers
Authors: Bellacanzone Christian , Otaegui Jaume Ramon , Hernando Jordi , Ruiz‐Molina Daniel , Roscini Claudio
Published: March 2022

Even though thermofluorochromic materials are eternal candidates for their use in multiple applications, they are still limited as they require complex synthetic strategies to accomplish tunable optical properties and/or provide optical changes only over a very wide temperature range. By taking advantage of the high sensitivity of the optical properties of conjugated polymers and oligomers to the external environment, herein phase change material (PCM)‐based thermofluorochromic mixtures are created, where the solid‐to‐liquid transition of the PCM host triggers a sharp fluorescence color change of the dispersed polymers/oligomers. Fluorophore conjugation length, concentration, and PCM nature can be used to vary the spectral properties of the resulting materials along the visible region, covering a large part of the CIE 1931 color space. For the preparation of functional devices, this behavior can be directly transferred to the solid state by soaking or printing cellulose papers with the obtained thermofluorochromic mixtures as well as by structuring them into solid lipid particles that can be dispersed within polymer matrices. The resulting materials show very promising features as thermal sensors and anticounterfeiting labels.
Cascade Resonance Energy Transfer for the Construction of Nanoparticles with Multicolor Long Afterglow in Aqueous Solutions for Information Encryption and Bioimaging
Authors: Mo Luoqi , Liu Hao , Liu Zhiming , Xu Xiaokai , Lei Bingfu , Zhuang Jianle , Liu Yingliang , Hu Chaofan
Published: March 2022

There are still huge challenges in the development of carbon dots (CDs) based long afterglow materials with multicolor emissions, especially in aqueous solutions. This work reports a novel strategy of achieving of multicolor long afterglow in aqueous solution by incorporating phosphorescent CDs and fluorescent dyes into sub‐20 nm monodispersed silica nanoparticles. The silica matrix not only stabilizes the triplet excitons of CDs but also facilitates the efficient cascade Förster resonance energy transfer between the phosphorescent donor (CDs) and the energy acceptor (fluorescent dyes), which enables intensive multicolor long afterglow with adjustable wavelength from 510 to 610 nm and the largest Stokes shift of 255 nm. Based on these multicolor long afterglow nanoparticles, some time‐resolved, color multiple information encryptions are designed. By eliminating background noise, the signal‐to‐noise ratio of in vivo afterglow imaging is as high as 155.1 in the in vivo imaging system. Interestingly, the afterglow signal in mice can be easily and conveniently collected by the camera of cell phones, which may make in vivo bioimaging portable and inexpensive. This study will provide new ideas for the synthesis of multicolor CDs‐based long afterglow materials in solutions.
Impacts of CsPbBr3/PbSe Heterostructures on Carrier Cooling Dynamics at Low Carrier Density
Authors: Ghosh Goutam , Biswas Raju K , Marjit Kritiman , Ghosh Srijon , Ghosh Arnab , Pati Swapan K , Patra Amitava
Published: March 2022

Metal halide perovskite nanocrystals have recently emerged as a front‐runner material for high‐performance solar cells. However, slowing down the hot carrier (HC) cooling of perovskites at carrier densities comparable to the sun‐illumination level (≈1017 cm−3) is still a thriving challenge. A new strategy is presented to retard the HC cooling via charge localization at the CsPbBr3/PbSe heterostructure interface. Ultrafast transient absorption study reveals two times slower HC relaxation time (from 770 fs to 1.4 ps) and much higher initial HC temperature, TC (1663 K, compared to 900 K) for the heterostructure compared to the pure CsPbBr3 at 3.64 eV excitation, under 1.86 × 1017 cm−3 carrier density. Furthermore, a combination of an electron‐phonon coupling model and first‐principles calculations confirm the slow relaxation through the Klemens channel due to a large energy gap between the longitudinal optical (LO) and longitudinal acoustic (LA) phonon modes. The localization of charge density near the heterojunction is responsible for the up‐conversion of LO modes to the higher energy and retards the HC relaxation. The findings highlight a new protocol for achieving long‐lived HCs in perovskites at low carrier densities, which would benefit the future of HC photovoltaics.
Antidepressant Drug Discovery and Development: Mechanism and Drug Design Based on Small Molecules
Authors: Yao Chuansheng , Jiang Xiaoying , Ye Xiang‐Yang , Xie Tian , Bai Renren
Published: March 2022

Depression is one of the most prevalent mental diseases and a primary cause of disability worldwide with high incidence and high recurrence. The current deterioration of the COVID‐19 epidemic also pushes up the incidence of depression. Nevertheless, the currently available treatments remain inadequate response and limited efficacy. Therefore, discoveries of more potent and safer antidepressant drugs are urgently needed. In this review, the current potential physiological and pathological mechanisms of depression, and the clinical research progresses of candidate drugs as well as the recent advances in small‐molecule drug discovery for potential treatments of depression are systematically summarized. More importantly, the structure–activity relationships of compounds from different classes, the statistical analysis of the blood‐brain barrier permeability, the pharmacological targets, and the in vivo models are comprehensively discussed. Further insights on antidepressant drug discovery are also analyzed from multidimensional perspectives.
Poly(Anthraquinonyl Sulfide)/CNT Composites as High‐Rate‐Performance Cathodes for Nonaqueous Rechargeable Calcium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Zhang Siqi , Zhu Youliang , Wang Denghu , Li Chunguang , Han Yu , Shi Zhan , Feng Shouhua
Published: March 2022

Calcium‐ion batteries (CIBs) are considered as promising alternatives in large‐scale energy storage due to their divalent electron redox properties, low cost, and high volumetric/gravimetric capacity. However, the high charge density of Ca2+ contributes to strong electrostatic interaction between divalent Ca2+ and hosting lattice, leading to sluggish kinetics and poor rate performance. Here, in situ formed poly(anthraquinonyl sulfide) (PAQS)@CNT composite is reported as nonaqueous calcium‐ion battery cathode. The enolization redox chemistry of organics has fast redox kinetics, and the introduction of carbon nanotube (CNT) accelerates electron transportation, which contributes to fast ionic diffusion. As the conductivity of the PAQS is enhanced by the increasing content of CNT, the voltage gap is significantly reduced. The PAQS@CNT electrode exhibits specific capacity (116 mAh g−1 at 0.05 A g−1), high rate capacity (60 mAh g−1 at 4 A g−1), and an initial capacity of 82 mAh g−1 at 1 A g−1 (83% capacity retention after 500 cycles). The electrochemical mechanism is proved to be that the PAQS undergoes reduction reaction of their carbonyl bond during discharge and becomes coordinated by Ca2+ and Ca(TFSI)+ species. Computational simulation also suggests that the construction of Ca2+ and Ca(TFSI)+ co‐intercalation in the PAQS is the most reasonable pathway.
New Undisputed Evidence and Strategy for Enhanced Lattice‐Oxygen Participation of Perovskite Electrocatalyst through Cation Deficiency Manipulation
Authors: Xu Xiaomin , Pan Yangli , Zhong Yijun , Shi Chenliang , Guan Daqin , Ge Lei , Hu Zhiwei , Chin Yi‐Ying , Lin Hong‐Ji , Chen Chien‐Te , Wang Hao , Jiang San Ping , Shao Zongping
Published: March 2022

Oxygen evolution reaction (OER) is a key half‐reaction in many electrochemical transformations, and efficient electrocatalysts are critical to improve its kinetics which is typically sluggish due to its multielectron‐transfer nature. Perovskite oxides are a popular category of OER catalysts, while their activity remains insufficient under the conventional adsorbate evolution reaction scheme where scaling relations limit activity enhancement. The lattice oxygen‐mediated mechanism (LOM) has been recently reported to overcome such scaling relations and boost the OER catalysis over several doped perovskite catalysts. However, direct evidence supporting the LOM participation is still very little because the doping strategy applied would introduce additional active sites that may mask the real reaction mechanism. Herein, a dopant‐free, cation deficiency manipulation strategy to tailor the bulk diffusion properties of perovskites without affecting their surface properties is reported, providing a perfect platform for studying the contribution of LOM to OER catalysis. Further optimizing the A‐site deficiency achieves a perovskite candidate with excellent intrinsic OER activity, which also demonstrates outstanding performance in rechargeable Zn–air batteries and water electrolyzers. These findings not only corroborate the key role of LOM in OER electrocatalysis, but also provide an effective way for the rational design of better catalyst materials for clean energy technologies.
In Situ Electrochemical Regeneration of Degraded LiFePO4 Electrode with Functionalized Prelithiation Separator
Authors: Fan Min , Meng Qinghai , Chang Xin , Gu Chao‐Fan , Meng Xin‐Hai , Yin Ya‐Xia , Li Hongliang , Wan Li‐Jun , Guo Yu‐Guo
Published: March 2022

Lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs) are in great demand for their impressive successes in serving people's daily life. Concomitantly, recycling the retired LIBs has also aroused the enthusiasm of widespread studies due to its great significance in the sustainable development of LIBs. Among the spent LIBs, LiFePO4 (LFP) is the main force because of its widespread use in electric vehicles and grids due to its stability and favorable price. However, considering the low cost of LFP manufacture as well as the abundance of Fe and P, traditional metallurgy processes are not economically feasible for recycling LFP because of high energy consumption and tedious steps. Here, this work proposes a green recycling method to directly regenerate the degraded LFP electrode via an in situ electrochemical process with a functionalized prelithiation separator. Compared with the existing recycling strategies for LFP batteries, the proposed method takes full advantage of the degraded cathode scraps without destroying the original structure, greatly reducing the cost of the remanufacture of the cathode electrodes simply via a prelithiation technique.