bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Scoping Review of Current Costing Literature on Interventions to Reach Zero-Dose Children in Low- and Middle-Income Countries
Authors: Levin Ann , Fisseha Teemar , Reynolds Heidi W. , Corrêa Gustavo , Mengistu Tewodaj , Vollmer Nancy
Published: December 2024

Introduction: A limited number of studies focus on estimating the costs of interventions to increase childhood immunization coverage in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). Existing reviews often compare estimated costs but lack information on the methods used. The objective of this review is to summarize the methods used in costing studies that assessed interventions to reach zero-dose (ZD) children. Methods: We conducted a review of existing studies that estimate the costs of increasing childhood vaccination and reducing prevalence of ZD children in LMICs. We conducted searches of PubMed using terms including “immunization”, “cost”, “coverage increase”, “zero-dose”, and “LMIC”, and further extended our search to bibliographies and gray literature from organizations working to reach ZD children. We only included articles that estimated the cost of interventions to increase childhood vaccination and/or reach ZD children and not articles about introducing new vaccines or other age groups. We categorized each article according to their costing methods, cost components, types of costs calculated, and presence of uncertainty analysis. Results: Eleven articles met our inclusion criteria. Interventions costs varied from USD 0.08 per additional dose for SMS reminders in Kenya to USD 67 per dose for cash transfers in Nicaragua. Most of the studies were from South Asia: India (4), Pakistan (2), and Bangladesh (1). The rest were from Africa (3) and Latin America (1). Most articles did not include a description of their costing methods. Only three described their methods in detail. Conclusions: Few studies have estimated the costs of increasing childhood vaccination coverage and reducing the number of ZD children in LMICs. The wide variation in intervention costs underscores the need for standardized costing methodologies to enhance comparability across studies. Only three studies detailed their costing methods, making comparisons challenging. Establishing research principles for costing ZD interventions could strengthen future evidence for policymaking.
Enhanced Multi-Target Detection in Complex Traffic Using an Improved YOLOv8 with SE Attention, DCN_C2f, and SIoU
Authors: Wang Li , Jiang Fengfan , Zhu Feiyang , Ren Lei
Published: December 2024

This paper presents an enhanced YOLOv8 model designed to address multi-target detection challenges in complex traffic scenarios. The model integrates the Squeeze-and-Excitation attention mechanism, the deformable convolution C2f module, and the smooth IoU loss function, achieving significant improvements in detection accuracy and robustness in various complex environments. Experimental results show that the enhanced YOLOv8 model outperforms existing YOLO solutions across multiple metrics, particularly in precision and recall. Specifically, the enhanced model achieves 83.8% precision and 82.7% recall, improving 1.05 times in precision and 1.1 times in recall compared to the average precision (79.7%) and recall (75.4%) of other YOLO series models. In terms of mAP_0.5, the enhanced model achieves 89%, representing a 1.05-fold improvement over the average mAP_0.5 (84.4%) of YOLO series models. For mAP_0.5:0.95, the enhanced model reaches 76.5%, which is a 1.1-fold improvement over the average mAP_0.5:0.95 (69.7%) of YOLO series models. These improvements demonstrate the superior performance of the proposed model in multi-scale and complex scenarios, providing strong support for intelligent transportation systems and autonomous driving.
Pobaudžiavinio kaimo savivaldos iššūkiai, patirtys ir galių demonstravimas. XIX a. 7 dešimtmetis – XX a. pradžia
Authors: Bairašauskaitė Tamara
Published: December 2024

Straipsnyje aiškinamasi, kaip valstiečių savivalda veikė pobaudžiavinį kaimą. Analizei pasirinkti trys kaimo kismo aspektai, svarbūs dėl įtampų ir konfliktinių situacijų, kylančių kuriant naujus buvusių baudžiauninkų santykius su valdžia ir savivaldos pareigūnais. Remiantis
pranešimais apie nesankcionuotus viršaičių ir kaimo seniūnų perrinkimus, valstiečių prašymais valdžiai ir skundais, kuriuose viršaičiai kaltinami įvairiais piktnaudžiavimais, parodoma, kad pobaudžiavinis kaimas demonstravo pasirengimą spręsti apie išsirinktos valsčių valdžios tinkamumą ir įvertinti jos veiklą. Nagrinėjama valsčiaus raštininko sociokultūrinė pozicija, nederanti su jo neaukštu socialiniu statusu, priklausymu nuo taikos tarpininko ir draudimu šias pareigas Vakarų gubernijose užimti katalikams. Atkreipiamas dėmesys į feodalinės pastotės prievolės virtimą smulkiu verslu, tapusiu rimtos valstiečių ir žydų konkurencijos objektu ir savivaldos pareigūnų
neteisėtu pajamų šaltiniu.
JAV lietuvių politinės veiklos vienybės atkūrimas 1947–1948 metais: tautininkų apsisprendimas sugrįžti į Amerikos Lietuvių Tarybą
Authors: Skirius Juozas
Published: December 2024

Straipsnyje nagrinėjama viena svarbiausių ir sudėtingiausių problemų išeivijos istorijoje, kai Antrojo pasaulinio karo, Šaltojo karo pradžios ir okupuotos Lietuvos laikotarpiu (1941–1948) buvo suskilusi JAV lietuvių politinė veikla: Lietuvos laisvinimo darbą atskirai vykdė Amerikos lietuvių taryba (toliau – ALT) ir JAV lietuvių tautininkų organizacijos. 1947 m. pabaigoje šioms konkuruojančioms organizacijoms pavyko susitarti – gautas pritarimas JAV lietuvių tautininkų sugrįžimui į ALT kaip ketvirtai ideologinei srovei. Straipsnyje aptariama tautininkų pozicijų kaita, darant esmines nuolaidas, analizuojamas tautininkų organizacijų pasiruošimas įsilieti į ALT sudėtį, ALT vadovų požiūris ir Vyriausiojo Lietuvos išlaisvinimo komiteto (toliau – VLIK) vaidmuo šiuo klausimu. Deja, ALT priklausę įtakingi JAV lietuviai socialistai, kitaip nei katalikai ar santariečiai, nepritarė tautininkų sugrįžimui į bendrą organizaciją. Tai buvo pagrindinis stabdys. Be to, dėl tautininkų iniciatyva iškeltų antraeilių dalykų derinimo jų pačių priėmimas užsitęsė dar metus. Analizuojamas 1948 m. lapkričio 21–22 d. Niujorke įvykęs ALT suvažiavimas, siekiant išsiaiškinti, kokiomis sąlygomis JAV lietuvių tautininkai kaip ketvirta grupė (šalia katalikų, socialistų ir sandariečių) galutinai įsiliejo į bendrą organizaciją.
Redução do espaço de busca para o problema de unit commitment térmico através de uma matriz de relevância
Authors:   , Oliveira Layon Mescolin de
Published: December 2024

O crescente aumento das demandas energética e elétrica mundial implica na necessidade do aumento da capacidade de geração de energia. Sendo assim, a utilização de fontes não poluentes e renováveis tem se intensificado, se tornando um grande campo de estudo na engenharia. Apesar do aumento da capacidade de geração por estas fontes, alguns países recorrem a geração através de termoelétricas, que apesar de mais caras, proporcionam uma maior confiabilidade no atendimento à demanda. A independência de condições climáticas faz com que a utilização de geração provenientes de termoelétricas seja atrativa para períodos de escassez hídrica ou aumento repentino da demanda. O elevado número de empreendimentos de geração termoelétricos e a complexidade inerente à operação destes são os focos de estudo deste trabalho, onde objetivou-se obter uma nova metodologia de apoio a resolução do problema conhecido na literatura como Thermal Unit Commitment (TUC). A explosão combinatória inerente ao TUC, referente as decisões de operação das Unidades Geradoras (UG) e ao acoplamento temporal entre estas unidades, tornam o planejamento diário da operação de unidades termoelétricas um problema de difícil solução. Diante desse cenário, a principal contribuição deste trabalho é a proposição de uma Matriz de Relevância (MR) que tem por objetivo a redução do espaço de busca de soluções através da indicação da relevância de acionamento de cada unidade geradora ao longo de todo o período de planejamento em estudo. Essa redução proporciona a diminuição do número de variáveis de decisão, redução do tempo de processamento e até garantir a convergência em algumas situações. A MR é obtida através de um procedimento heurístico construtivo, levando-se em conta índices de sensibilidade difundidos na literatura para formação de Listas de Prioridades Híbridas (LPHs). As LPHs são responsáveis por indicar quais unidades geradoras possuem maior e menor relevância para o planejamento diário da operação. A metodologia desenvolvida foi validada e comparada através de sistemas termoelétricos de geração amplamente difundidos na literatura especializada para um período de vinte e quatro horas de planejamento. Estes sistemas de geração consideram entre outros pontos: rampa de geração, penetração de fontes renováveis e consideração de linhas de transmissão. Os resultados obtidos demonstraram a eficiência da utilização da MR ao reduzir drasticamente o esforço computacional além de obter reduzidos custos de planejamento em um algoritmo híbrido de simples implementação.
Investigação das interações da molécula de DNA com elementos terras-raras
Authors:   , Batista Josiane Aparecida Duarte
Published: December 2024

Os óxidos de Európio (Eu2O3), Érbio (Er2O3), Itérbio (Yb2O3) e Neodímio (Nd2O3) foram usados para avaliar a afinidade destes elementos de terras raras na interação com moléculas de DNA de fita dupla. Para realizar o estudo, utilizamos espectroscopia de força de molécula única com pinças ópticas e ensaios de eletroforese em gel. Os ensaios de espectroscopia de força mostram que todas as quatro terras raras estudadas apresentaram uma forte interação com o DNA de fita dupla. A interação entre o Eu2O3 e a molécula de DNA é independente da força iônica usada no ambiente circundante. O Eu2O3 tende a se ligar de forma cooperativa, formando aglomerados de moléculas (∼ 3) e apresenta uma alta constante de ligação de associação de equilíbrio da ordem de 105 M− 1 . Além disso, a eletroforese em gel confirma o caráter eletrostático fraco da interação e mostra explicitamente que o Eu2O3 não interfere na intercalação na dupla hélice. O Er2O3 apresenta uma forte interação com o DNA de fita dupla, condensando-o fortemente para concentrações acima de 0,04 µM, levando a uma redução de mais de 50% do seu comprimento de contorno. Observamos também que essa condensação é reversível, pois para experimentos de altas forças em uma concentração de 0,1 µM do óxido podemos atingir novamente o comprimento do contorno original do DNA. A capacidade de compactação da estrutura da molécula de DNA apresentada pelo Er2O3 torna-o promissor para a aplicabilidade na terapia gênica, por exemplo. Vimos que o Er2O3, o Yb2O3 e o Nd2O3 impedem a desnaturação induzida por força na cadeia da dupla hélice. Além de possuírem alta afinidade com a molécula, pois possuem uma constante de ligação de associação de equilíbrio da ordem de 106 M-1 a 107 M-1 . Para o Yb2O3 e o Nd2O3, observamos que além de alta afinidade, eles são também cooperativos, indicando que quando se ligam à molécula de DNA, colaboram com a próxima ligação que acontecerá, formando aglomerados de moléculas semelhantes ao Eu2O3. A cooperatividade é medida pelo expoente de Hill, que é obtido através do comprimento de persistência em função da concentração dos metais estudados separadamente. Tais resultados demonstram o potencial das terras raras para interagir com ácidos nucléicos e sugerem fortemente que esses elementos de terras raras possam ser considerados para o projeto de novos fármacos anticancerígenos à base de metais.
FrameNet annotation for multimodal corpora: devising a methodology for the semantic representation of text-image interactions in audiovisual productions
Authors:   , Belcavello Frederico
Published: December 2024

Análises multimodais vêm crescendo em importância em várias abordagens da Linguística Cognitiva e em diversas áreas de aplicação, como o da Compreensão de Linguagem Natural. No entanto, há significativa carência de representações semânticas refinadas de objetos multimodais, especialmente em termos de integração de áreas como Processamento de Linguagem Natural e Visão Computacional, que são fundamentais para a implementação de multimodalidade no campo da Linguística Computacional. Nesta tese, propomos uma metodologia para estender o método de anotação da FrameNet ao domínio multimodal, uma vez que a FrameNet pode fornecer representações semânticas refinadas, particularmente com um banco de dados enriquecido por Qualia e outras relações interframe e intraframe, como é o caso do FrameNet Brasil. Para tornar a FrameNet Brasil capaz de realizar análises multimodais, delineamos a hipótese de que, assim como as palavras em uma frase evocam frames e organizam seus elementos na localidade sintática que os acompanha, os elementos visuais nos planos de vídeo também podem evocar frames e organizar seus elementos na tela ou trabalhar de forma complementar aos padrões de evocação de frames das sentenças narradas simultaneamente ao seu aparecimento na tela, proporcionando diferentes perfis e opções de perspectiva para a construção de sentido. O corpus anotado para testar a hipótese é composto por episódios de um programa televisivo de viagens brasileiro aclamado pela crítica como um exemplo de boas práticas em composição audiovisual. O gênero televisivo escolhido também configura um novo conjunto experimental para a pesquisa em imagem integrada e compreensão textual, uma vez que, neste corpus, o texto não é uma descrição direta da sequência de imagens, mas se correlaciona com ela indiretamente em uma miríade de formas diversa. A Tese também relata um experimento de rastreamento ocular realizado para validar a abordagem proposta para uma anotação orientada por texto. O experimento demonstrou que não é possível determinar que o texto impacta diretamente o direcionamento do olhar e foi tomado como um reforço para a abordagem de valorização da combinação de modos. Por fim, apresentamos o conjunto de dados Frame2, produto da tarefa de anotação realizada para o corpus seguindo a metodologia e as diretrizes propostas. Os resultados obtidos demonstram que, pelo menos para esse gênero de TV, mas possivelmente também para outros, uma anotação semântica refinada que aborde as diversas correlações que ocorrem em um ambiente multimodal oferece uma nova perspectiva na modelagem da compreensão multimodal. Além disso, a anotação multimodal também enriquece o desenvolvimento de FrameNets, na medida em que as correlações encontradas entre as modalidades podem atestar as escolhas de modelagem feitas por aqueles que criam recursos baseados em frames.
Optimizing propeller performance: a comprehensive constrained multi-objective design approach using blade element theory and evolutionary algorithms
Authors:   , Oliveira Nícolas Lima
Published: December 2024

Atualmente são crescentes as preocupações com eficiência energética, sustentabilidade e com o meio ambiente, como proposto pela ONU através do The Global Goals (Goal 9 - Industry, Innovation and Infrastructure), e a busca por novas soluções mais eficientes e limpas é notória em todos os campos da engenharia. Com o avanço de novas técnicas de manufatura, descoberta e desenvolvimento de novos materiais e ampliação das capacidades computacionais surgem novas oportunidades de estudo no campo da engenharia aeronáutica. O presente trabalho propõe a elaboração de uma nova metodologia a ser utilizada no projeto e otimização de hélices, bem como os algoritmos e acoplamentos necessários. Foi realizada uma busca por perfis aerodinâmicos e composto um banco de dados com cerca de 1500 desses. Tais perfis tiveram suas coordenadas padronizadas e refinadas. Todos os perfis aerodinâmicos foram analisados através do método dos painéis utilizando o código XFOIL. Utilizando os algoritmos evolucionários AGEMOEA, ARMOEA, MSOPSII, NSGAII e NSGAIIARSBX presentes na plataforma de otimização PlatEMO acoplada ao programa de análise de hélices JAVAPROP, além do acoplamento de um código de análise estrutural, foram realizadas otimizações para diferentes objetivos. Esse conjunto de elementos foi adicionado ao PlatEMO como um problema e batizado de OptProp. Inicialmente, foram realizadas análises levando em conta apenas os parâmetros adimensionais das hélices, através de sete diferentes problemas de otimização multiobjetivo para dois diferentes grupos motopropulsores. Em seguida, é realizada uma otimização que busca a minimização da potência requerida para dois diferentes pontos de voo e uma hélice é selecionada da frente de Pareto obtida. Com tal hélice selecionada, busca-se uma otimização operacional para uma determinada missão através da variação da velocidade rotacional do conjunto motopropulsor. Em todas as otimizações são consideradas restrições geométricas e, na otimização operacional, é utilizado também restrições estruturais através de frequências naturais e diagrama de Campbell. Foram encontrados economias de energia próximas de 1, 4% após a otimização operacional.
Une seule santé en pratique : une réflexion critique sur l’élimination de l’échinococcose alvéolaire dans les comtés de Zhang et Min, dans la province du Gansu, Chine.
Authors: Giraudoux Patrick , Vuitton Dominique Angèle , Craig Philip Simon
Published: December 2024

Le concept-cadre « Une seule santé » (One Health) fait l’objet d’un intérêt croissant, tant des organismes internationaux des Nations Unies que des gouvernements nationaux et leurs agences régionales. Nous avons conduit des recherches multidisciplinaires sur un foyer d’échinococcose alvéolaire des comtés de Zhang et Min, en Chine, pendant plus d’un quart de siècle. En nous appuyant sur cet exemple, nous soutenons que le concept-cadre Une seule santé ne doit pas se limiter à une approche réduite qui n’en embarquerait qu’une partie (il existe d’autres termes pour, comme Une seule médecine, etc.). La multidisciplinarité qui le sous-tend n’est pas en elle-même une fin en soi, mais bien un moyen d’embrasser toutes les dimensions, humaines, animales et écologiques d’une approche systémique qu’Une seule santé implique, telles que définies par la quadripartite OMS, OMSA, FAO, PNUE.
ANALISIS PENDAPATAN MINA PADI DI DESA PLOSO (Studi Kasus di Desa Ploso Kecamatan Selopuro)
Authors: Zamrodah Yuhanin , Aditya Prayudhi Luhur
Published: December 2024

Mina padi is one way to overcome the problem of food security and low farmer income, where they can cultivate agriculture in one land with 2 different types of agricultural commodities, in this case fish and rice. The purpose of this study was first to analyze the income of the mina padi business. The analysis method used was to use the analysis of costs, income and efficiency. The results of the study showed that the income was Rp. 28,760,000, - and income was Rp. 16,035,000, -. While the results of the R / C Ratio were (1.79) > 1. Thus, this mina padi farming business is feasible to be cultivated because it can increase the income and welfare of farmers.
RESPON PENGGUNAAN AGENS HAYATI SEBAGAI BIOMATRICONDITIONING BENIH DIINTEGRASIKAN DENGAN MEDIA TANAM BERBEDA TERHADAP PERTUMBUHAN DAN HASIL TANAMAN KYURI (Cucumis sativus L.)
Authors: Endrawati Tri , Sekar Sarjani Alvita , Puspitorini Palupi , Kurniastuti Tri
Published: December 2024

Tanaman Kyuri (Cucumis sativus L.) adalah sayuran populer kaya gizi dan memiliki beragam manfaat kesehatan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi respon pertumbuhan dan hasil tanaman Kyuri (Cucumis sativus L.) terhadap penggunaan agens hayati sebagai biomatriconditioning benih, yang diintegrasikan dengan media tanam berbeda. Agens hayati yang digunakan, seperti Mikoriza sp., Trichoderma sp. dan Beauveria sp. berperan sebagai pemacu pertumbuhan dengan meningkatkan penyerapan nutrisi serta meningkatkan resistensi tanaman terhadap patogen. Media tanam yang diuji meliputi campuran blotong, abu ketel, arang sekam, tanah, cocopeat dan pupuk kandang.
Penelitian ini menggunakan metode Rancangan Acak Kelompok (RAK) secara faktorial, di mana faktor pertama adalah perlakuan biomatriconditioning, sedangkan faktor kedua adalah jenis media tanam. Dari kedua faktor ini diperoleh 12 kombinasi perlakuan dan diulang sebanyak 3 kali.
Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa perlakuan terbaik adalah kombinasi B2M2, yaitu penggunaan agens hayati Trichoderma sp. yang dikombinasikan dengan arang sekam sebagai biomatriconditioning, dan diintegrasikan dengan media tanam blotong + arang sekam. Berdasarkan hasil ini, dapat disimpulkan bahwa integrasi antara agens hayati biomatriconditioning dan media tanam yang berbeda memberikan pengaruh signifikan terhadap semua parameter pertumbuhan dan hasil tanaman Kyuri (Cucumis sativus L.), sehingga dapat direkomendasikan sebagai metode optimal dalam budidaya tanaman Kyuri.
Vídeo formativo para la recuperación de la técnica artística de elaboración de la cartelería cinematográfica de gran formato
Authors: Vázquez Jiménez Elena , Bautista Durán Antonio , Nogueroles Núñez Teresa , Torres Carrasco Mónica , Arquillo Avilés David , Bueno Vargas Javier
Published: December 2024

La elaboración de la cartelería cinematográfica tradicional consistía en un proceso artístico realizado con pigmentos aglutinados sobre un tejido de gran formato. Sobre las fachadas de los cines eran colocadas grandes piezas de tela sobre las que el artista realizaba esta obra de carácter efímero.

Aplicación: reproducir el proceso de manufactura de esta técnica artística mediante un vídeo formativo supone un beneficio tanto para el alumnado del Grado en Bellas Artes desde un punto de vista creativo, como para el alumnado del Grado en Conservación y Restauración desde una perspectiva investigadora, contribuyendo a su preservación tanto desde un enfoque material como etnológico e inmaterial.

El objetivo principal de esta propuesta es la recuperación y la difusión tanto de la técnica, como de los materiales empleados en su manufactura. La facultad de Bellas Artes cuenta aún con los testimonios y experiencias de Antonio Bautista Durán, profesor de la Universidad de Sevilla y colaborador en el proyecto, quien tuvo la fortuna de formar parte de una de las empresas familiares encargadas de la elaboración de los carteles que adornaban las fachadas de los cines.
الدور السياسي للإيزيديين في العراق
Authors: Maki Dina Hatif
Published: December 2024

الأهداف: يهدف البحث لمعرفة أسباب تراجع دور الإيزيديين السياسي في العراق رغم كونهم جزء من المجتمع العراقي بحيث أضحوا كمجتمع منسي لولا اجتياح تنظيم داعش لمناطقهم، وأدى ذلك إلى تسليط الضوء على وجودهم، وبالتالي ضرورة معرفة كيفية إمكانية تجاوز هذا التراجع.
المنهجية :تم استخدام المنهج التاريخي في تتبع وجود الإيزيديين في البلد عبر الزمن، والمنهج التحليلي في معرفة أسباب تراجع دورهم السياسي في ظل المتغيرات التي مر بها البلد  .
النتائج : توصل البحث إلى أنه من أجل أن يكون الإيزيديين عنصرا فاعلا ومشاركا سياسياً لابد من أن يشعروا بالانتماء إلى الدولة، فهم  رغم الاعتراف بها قانوناً إلا أنه نظراً لموقع تواجدهم الجغرافي الحرج بالقرب من إقليم كردستان ،الذي يدعي انتماء الإيزيديين إليه كأكراد، وبالتالي لابد أن يكونوا جزءا منه، جعلهم يعانون من سياسات النظام في مواجهة الأكراد قبل 2003  وعانوا بعد هذا التاريخ من الصراع بين الحكومة الاتحادية وحكومة الإقليم فكل منهما يدعي عائدية مناطقهم إليه مما أثرعلى وضع الإيزيديين، ومع أول مواجهة حقيقية مع تنظيم داعش وانسحب الطرفان، وترك الإيزيديين في مواجهتهم دون أي سلاح الأمر الذي دفعهم للتفكير جدياً في مستقبلهم .
الخلاصة :لابد من إجراء تغييرات في القانون والسياسة العراقية من أجل حفظ حقوق الإيزيديين، واتخاذ إجراءات فعلية لوضع القوانين موضع التطبيق، وإعطاء الإيزيديين مزيدا من الفرص للمشاركة السياسية في مناطق تواجدهم كي يستطيعوا تمثيل أنفسهم وتحقيق مصالحهم، ولابد من إشعارهم بالأمان وتجهيز قواتهم المحلية بالأسلحة والتدريب الكافيين كي يساهموا في حماية أنفسهم، وقبل كل هذا لابد من حل الصراع مع إقليم كردستان حول ادعاء كل منهما بعائدية مناطقهم إليه؛ لأن هذا سبب كبير لمشاكل الإيزيديين.
Olof Rönling, First Swedish Consul in the Regency of Tunis (1738-1759): A Diplomatic and Commercial Agent
Authors: Jerad Mehdi Ahmed
Published: December 2024

Objectives : The purpose of this research is to shed light on the diplomatic, maritime, and commercial role of the first Swedish consul in Tunisia in the Mediterranean.
Methods: Swedish documents have been utilised as a source of study, specifically Consul Olof Rowling’s correspondence between Hussein Ben Ali and Ali Pasha between 1738 and 1742 amidst the civil war that took place in the Eyalet (Regency) of Tunis, and were analysed using historical research methodologies. The study aims to reveal the consul’s commercial transactions, whether from the Swedish capital or through the Mediterranean Sea and the city of Izmir, based on documentary sources consisting of correspondence.
Results: The study concluded that the Swedish consul in Tunisia played a substantial part in trade and maritime transport, facilitating shipping opportunities for Swedish captains to many Mediterranean ports. Furthermore, the consul negotiated the peace treaty and sent appropriate gifts to the Eyala, demonstrating that the consular institution supported Swedish trade and seafaring.
Conclusions: The study recommended numerous studies on the diplomatic relations and interactions between Maghribi’s provinces (Eyalet/Regency) and Scandinavian countries, which rely on a wide range of sources, both local and Scandinavian, to correlate against one another.
Traditional and Postmodern Perspectives: Samiha Khrais's The Tree Stump as a Historical Novel
Authors: Yousef Nisreen T.
Published: December 2024

Objectives: This article aims to analyze The Tree Stump (1998; trans. 2019), a modern realist novel by the award-winning Jordanian writer Samiha Khrais, from both a historical-novel and postmodern perspective.
Methods: The analysis is conducted against the backdrop of the viewpoints of key theorists of the historical novel, utilizing critical analysis and comparative analysis methods.
Results: The results show that Khrais’s novel deploys as its main strategy of representing its historical events the techniques of the traditional/classic historical novel often associated with Walter Scott and his Waverly novels. Although The Tree Stump draws on myth, legend, and local folklore and mixes historical realism and magical realism, its main concern is the historical authenticity and factual accuracy of the events it describes.
Conclusions: The Tree Stump contains the main characteristic features of a typical traditional historical novel as defined by the major theorists of historical fiction. It also combines elements of historical realism and magical realism without being impacted by the experimental writings of postmodernism.
The Declining Impact of Product Advertising Photography on Consumer Purchase Decisions
Authors: Harsanto Prayanto Widyo , Wisetrotomo Suwarno , Prasetya Hanggar Budi
Published: December 2024

Objectives: The visual phenomenon in the digital era makes the issue of public perception of advertising necessary to re-read its effectiveness. Photography, which has long been believed to be a medium that can form a positive image in the minds of consumers, has experienced a decline in influence. This paper aims to describe and analyze the degradation of the influence of photography in advertising on consumer purchasing decisions.
Methods: The study uses a quasi-experimental method with a causal and descriptive format in continuity with aesthetic analysis (design appeal). Data collection was carried out using observation, interviews, and questionnaires. Causality study is an effort to test the truth of this causal relationship (cause-and-effect), namely the relationship between the independent variable (which influences) and the dependent variable (which is influenced) in purchasing decisions.
Results: The study results show that videography for advertising is able to present the quality and specifications of products compared to the visuality of photography.
Conclusion: With the ability of advertising videography which has elements of images, sounds, and movements, which means become more capable of persuading purchasing decisions than still photography. Therefore, photography for advertising can no longer persuade and influence someone's decision to make a purchase (Specifically, that advertising photography on social media and digitalization era is only a conveyor of product reminder messages).
دور الإعلان التلفزيوني في تعزيز الوعي الصحي للأطفال خلال جائحة كورونا
Authors: Al-Azawi Rana Abdul-Latif
Published: December 2024

الأهداف: تناقش هذه الدراسة فعالية الإعلان التلفزيوني في تقوية وتعزيز حملات التوعية الصحية الموجهة للأطفال خلال جائحة كورونا.
المنهجية: الدراسة اعتمدت على تحليل 11 إعلانا صحيا يتعلق بجائحة كورونا، تم الإعلان عنه من قبل قناة ال MBC3 خلال الفترة من مارس إلى أغسطس 2020 باستخدام تحليل الجرد الشامل.
النتائج: أظهرت النتائج أن حملة التوعية الصحية استخدمت ثلاثة أنواع من المحتوى الإعلاني للتثقيف ضد الفيروس: المحتوى الخاص بتعليمات الوقاية، وقد حصل على أعلى نسبة (55%) ، يليه محتوى المعلومات الاحترازية الذي حاز على نسبه (35%). أما محتوى التعليمات العامة حول الحفاظ على العادات الصحية؛ فقد حصل على نسبه (10%). ركزت استراتيجية الترويج للحملة الصحية على إيصال رسالة الوقاية والحذر من الفايروس من خلال توضيح أساليب الوقاية من المرض عن طريق تقديم المعلومات العامة عن ماهية الفايروس وكيفية انتشاره والأعراض المصاحبة له. استخدمت الإعلانات خطوات بسيطة لتوجيه الأطفال، وشرحت طرائق ووسائل انتشار الفايروس. بالإضافة الى تعزيز أهمية الالتزام بالبقاء في المنزل والتباعد الاجتماعي. أشارت النتائج إلى عدم وجود فروق ذات دلالة إحصائية بين فعالية الإعلانات الطويلة والقصيرة في إيصال الرسالة إلى الأطفال. استخدمت الإعلانات شخوص كارتونية فعالة ومؤثرة لدى الأطفال والنصوص المؤثرة والموسيقى القوية. وحددت الدراسة وسائل الشرح الأكثر فعالية للأطفال، مثل استخدام الصور والرسومات وإدراج الصوت البشري.
الخلاصة: استنتجت الدراسة أن قناة ال MBC3 نجحت في اختيار وتصميم إعلانات هادفة خلال مرحلة جائحة كورونا، كما أن استخدام لغة بسيطة وأحرف جذابة ووسائل شرح مناسبة يمكن أن يعزز فعالية إعلانات التوعية الصحية. إن لنتائج هذه الدراسة انعكاساتها على تصميم حملات التوعية الصحية المستقبلية، وخاصة تلك الموجهة للأطفال، لتعزيز فعاليتها في إيصال الرسائل المتعلقة بالصحة.
The Relationship of Dental Malformation with Bullying and the Level of Self-Esteem among a Sample of Adolescents in Amman– Jordan
Authors: Smadi Entisar Yosef , Smadi Rania Jamil
Published: December 2024

Objectives:  Dental deformities are associated with an unacceptable appearance and subsequent psychological effects. This is what the research found through work, and therefore they sought to identify the impact of this on the occurrence of bullying and the level of self-esteem.
 Methods: The study sample included108 teenagers aged between 12-20 years who suffer from dental deformities, to identify the extent of their exposure to bullying, and to study the effect of this on their level of self-esteem. The sample was taken from the orthodontic clinic affiliated with the Royal Medical Services. The study scale consisted of two parts, one to measure bullying and the other to measure self-esteem applied to a sample of patients. The descriptive correlational method was used to achieve the purposes of the study.
 Results: The results of the statistical analysis showed that adolescents who suffer from dental malformation are subjected to bullying, and they suffer from low self-esteem, the statistical analysis did not show statistically significant difference for the gender variable or the type of dental distortion in bullying or self-esteem.
Conclusions: As a result of the study sample suffering from dental deformities and its impact on their low level of self-esteem and their exposure to bullying, they need to obtain psychological counseling services that contribute to improving their level of self-esteem and raising the efficiency of their ability to self-assertive.
نسقياتُ القَبْرِ في نماذجَ من الشِّعرِ العبَّاسيّ: دراسة في ضوءِ المنهجِ الثّقافيّ
Authors: Al-Dahoon Ibrahim Mustafa
Published: December 2024

الأهداف: تهدفُ هذه الدِّراسةُ إلى الوقوفِ على نسقياتٍ ثقافيّةٍ منفردةٍ لظاهرةٍ عميقةِ الغور انعكستْ في صورةِ القبرِ المركوزةِ في إنتاجِ الشَّاعرِ العبّاسيّ، فقد مضى يشحنها بمضامينَ خصبةٍ، أخفتْ وراءها خصائص معرفيّة مهمّة، ذات مسكوكات لفظيّة متميزة، وأخيلة شعريّة فيّاضة بالدِّلالاتِ.
المنهجية: استعانَ الباحثُ بالمنهجِ الثّقافي فضلاً عن المنهجِ الوصفي التّحليلي كي يجلّي الظاهرة. وقد اتّسقتِ الدِّراسةُ بعد المفتتحِ في مبحثينِ اثنينِ تلتهما خاتمة، هما: المبحث الأوّل: أنساقُ القبرِ الثّقافيّة والوظيفة الإضماريّة. والمبحث الثّاني: التّشكلاتُ اللّغويّة والفنّيّة لصورةِ القبرِ.
النتائج: أبانتِ الدِّراسةُ أنَّ الشَّاعرَ العبّاسيَّ وظّفَ الظاهرةَ الشِّعريّةَ/القبر توظيفاً فنّيّاً راقياً، فانزاحَ بها عن سياقها الدِّينيّ الموروث إلى سياقاتٍ إضماريّة مخاتلة أكثر شموليّةً، ذات إفاضة مزدوجة: جماليّة ودلاليّة. كما أفاد الشُّعراءُ العبّاسيون من القبرِ وما وراء الموت في بناءِ التّشاكلاتِ الإضماريّةِ رغبةً في الفكاك من عذاباتهم وأوجاعهم الواقعيّة في الدّنيا واغترابهم في معيشتهم الحضاريّةِ
الخلاصة: يوصي البحثُ الدَّارسينَ مستقبلاً التّنقيب والبحث في صورةِ القبرِ عند الشِّعراء العبّاسيين الذين لم تقفْ عليهم الدراسة، ولاسيما من انغمسَ في ملذاتِ الدّنيا وشهواتها، فضلاً عن النَّظرِ، والّتفسيرِ لهويةِ القبرِ، ومدلولاتها الجاثيّة في قراطيسِ النُّثّارِ العبّاسيينَ.
تقنين قائمة اضطراب سرعة طلاقة الكلام التنبؤية على البيئة العربية
Authors: Esmaeil Mahmoud Atteia Mahmoud
Published: December 2024

الأهداف: هدفت هذه الدراسة إلى تقنين قائمة سرعة طلاقة الكلام التنبؤية، والتحقق من خصائصها السيكومتريه من صدق وثبات ومعايير وآلية تصحيح؛ ليتسنى استخدامها كأداة علمية صالحة للتطبيق بالبيئة العربية من جانب المتخصصين في التشخيص والمتابعة، وبرامج التدخل.
المنهجية: اعتمدت الدراسة على المنهج الوصفي حيث قام الباحث بترجمة قائمة سرعة طلاقة الكلام التنبؤية بدقة، وتطبيقها على عينة التقنين (130) أخصائي بعلاج اضطرابات الكلام واللغة بالعالم العربي تم اختيارهم بالطريقة العشوائية وتتراوح أعمارهم ما بين 25-55عام، ولديهم خبرة في التعامل مع حالات سرعة طلاقة الكلام، وبعد تطبيق قائمة سرعة طلاقة الكلام التنبؤية تم تطبيق المعالجات الإحصائية المناسبة للبيانات.
النتائج: أظهرت النتائج تمتع طلاقة الكلام التنبؤية بمستويات صدقٍ ظاهري/وبنائي/ وتمييزي/وتلازمي مناسبة، كما أظهرت النتائج ارتفاع معاملات ثبات ألفا كرونباخ/ والتجزئة النصفية/وإعادة التطبيق؛ مما يشير إلى صلاحية وموثوقية طلاقة الكلام التنبؤية للتطبيق من جانب المتخصصين لقياس وتشخيص ومتابعة اضطراب سرعة طلاقة الكلام بالبيئة العربية، وقد تم مناقشة نتائج الدراسة في ضوء أدبيات الدراسة.
الخلاصة: توصي الدراسة بتطبيق المتخصصين لقائمة سرعة طلاقة الكلام التنبؤية كأداةٍ تشخيصية عربية مقننة، وإجراء مزيد من الدراسات للتحقق من الخصائص السيكومترية لقائمة سرعة طلاقة الكلام التنبؤية، واستخدامها في التشخيص والمتابعة، وبرامج التدخل في البيئة العربية.
Family Interactions as Indicators of Personality Traits: A Predictive Study on a Sample of Saudi Adolescents
Authors: Al-Sheri Saleh bin Saeed
Published: December 2024

Objectives: The aim of the current study was to uncover the relationship between family interactions and positive personality traits, identify the extent to which family interactions contribute to predicting positive personality traits, and explore gender differences in personality traits.
Methods: The researcher used a list of personality traits and a list of family interactions on a sample of adolescents consisting of 181 secondary school students. The study followed a predictive descriptive approach.
Results: The study found statistically significant positive correlations between family interactions and personality traits. Additionally, it revealed the ability of family interactions to predict personality traits. The study found no significant gender differences in wisdom, justice, and moderation, while statistically significant differences were found in courage and transcendent human differences, favoring females.
Conclusions: The study recommends fostering positive family interactions and enhancing aspects of personality traits among adolescents through counseling programs. Further research on personality traits and family interactions is encouraged.
ألفاظ الطعام في كتاب مجمع الأمثال للميداني دراسة دلالية
Authors: Abdeldeen Mahmoud Talab
Published: December 2024

الأهداف: يهدف البحث إلى استقصاء ألفاظ الطعام في الأمثال، وجمع شتاتها للمح المزايا الدلاليّة لهذه الألفاظ؛ لتكون على شكل معجم لغوي في هذا الموضوع.
المنهجية: يعتمد البحث المنهج الإحصائي التحليلي أساسًا لدراسة ألفاظ الطعام في كتاب "مجمع الأمثال" وبلغت عيّنة الأمثال 131 مثلًا.
النتائج: عمل البحث على جمع ألفاظ الطعام، وربطها ببعض من خلال مكوّنات دلالية للألفاظ، فبيّن أن بعض ألفاظ الطعام مشترك يستعمل في الطعام والشراب كـ: طعم، وذاق، بينما هناك ألفاظ لتناول المأكول فحسب، وأعمّها "أكل" ومنها ما يدلّ على طريقة تناول الطعام أو على تناول طعام مخصوص، ثم وسّعت دلالتها لتستعمل بمعنى "أكل". ومن ألفاظ الطعام ما يستعمل في سياق النفي فقط. وتعدّدت أسماء الطعام للدلالة على حال الآكل كـ"الزاد والسفرة والعُجَالة"، ومنها ما يرتبط بمناسبات اجتماعية أو بالوقت الذي يقدّم فيه الطعام. وبيّن البحث ما يدلّ على طرائق إعداد الطعام من ألفاظ، وأعمها "طبخ"، وهناك ألفاظ أخرى كـ" قلى وشَوى، ويُخْثِر ويُذِيب". وتعدّدت الألفاظ الدالة على الحاجة لتناول الطعام، وأعمها "الجوع"، وهناك ألفاظ وكنايات أخرى تعبّر عن درجة هذه الحاجة. إضافة إلى الألفاظ التي تدلّ على الامتلاء بالطعام وأعمها "الشبع".
الخلاصة: أظهر البحث أنّ تعدد الألفاظ للتعبير عن معنى واحد جاء محمّلًا بفروق ذات دلالة، وليس دالًا على الترادف. وأنّ بعض ألفاظ الطعام أصابها تطوّر دلالي، وبعضها استعمل بمعناه المجازي، مما أسهم في غنى المعجم التداوليّ للطعام واتّساعه في كتاب مجمع الأمثال، فوفّر ذلك مادة ثرية لمعاجم اللغة التي استقت منه شواهد الأمثال على المعاني اللغوية المختلفة.
Transformative Leadership in Islamic Religious Education at Raudhatul Athfal: Advancing Competitive Islamic Management in Probolinggo, Indonesia
Authors: Islamiyah Devi Fitriah , Benny Prasetiya  , Sain Zohaib Hassan
Published: December 2024

This study explores the transformational leadership strategies implemented by the principal of Raudhatul Athfal (RA) Nawa Kartika in Probolinggo, focusing on their impact on the quality of early childhood Islamic education. The method used is descriptive qualitative, examining the principal's approach to Islamic curriculum development, human resource management, facility improvement, and relationships with the community and parents. The results show that the principal's leadership, based on Islamic values and transformational leadership principles, has significantly improved the quality of education. The integration of Islamic values into the curriculum has shaped students' character and enhanced their cognitive development. Furthermore, continuous human resource management through teacher training and development has positively impacted the quality of teaching. Overall, the transformational leadership strategies applied by the principal of RA Nawa Kartika have proven effective in enhancing the quality of Islamic education. This study provides valuable insights for other educational institutions regarding the importance of visionary, inclusive leadership rooted in Islamic values in achieving educational goals, particularly in early childhood Islamic education.
The Impact of Quran Recitation Habits Before Class on Students’ Mental Readiness for Learning
Authors: Kurnia Muhammad Kurnia Sandy , Edi Suresman  , Jenuri  , Zaman Akhmad Roja Badrus
Published: December 2024

This study examines the impact of Quran recitation habits at the beginning of learning sessions on students’ mental readiness. Employing a quantitative approach and simple linear regression analysis, the research explores the relationship between Quran recitation and students’ preparedness for learning. A sample of 153 eleventh-grade students from SMAN 8 Bandung was selected through simple random sampling, with data collected via a closed-ended questionnaire assessing Quran recitation habits and mental readiness indicators. The findings reveal a significant positive relationship between Quran recitation and mental readiness, with an R-squared value of 0.556, indicating that 55.6% of the variance in mental readiness is accounted for by Quran recitation. These results underscore the potential of integrating spiritual practices, such as Quran recitation, into educational routines to enhance students’ focus and emotional preparedness, thereby fostering improved academic engagement.
Implementation of the Project-Based Experiential Learning Model in Religious Education at Elementary Schools
Authors: Zakiyah BZ  , Wiwis Rohmatul Ummah  , Zulfa Umi Zakiyah  , Lailatul Muarifah  , Agoro Samira
Published: December 2024

This article explores the application of the project-based experiential learning cycle (ELC) model in religious education subjects at MI Nurul Mun'im, Karanganyar, Paiton, Probolinggo, Indonesia. The ELC model, emphasizing experiential processes, facilitates education and fosters a deeper understanding of Islamic religious studies. The implementation involves six stages: the preliminary (opening stage), experiencing (experience), reflection, discussion, exploration, and concluding (closing stage). This study employs a qualitative descriptive approach with action research as the research type, where the researcher serves as both a key instrument and an active participant. Data collection methods include interviews, documentation, and observations. The research was conducted at Madrasah Ibtidaiyah Nurul Mun'im, Paiton, Probolinggo, using a random sampling technique to select students from grades V and VI. The study also highlights the dynamic and innovative development processes, curriculum advancements, and the transformation of scientific approaches at Elementary Schools.
Building Harmony in Diversity: Pesantren Strategies to Resolve Cultural Conflicts in Non-Muslim Communities
Authors: Afida Rintan Arikda Dwi , Aimah Siti , Hussen Bannaga Taha Elzubair
Published: December 2024

This study analyzes pesantren strategies for managing cultural conflicts in non-Muslim communities. Using a qualitative approach with a case study method, data were collected through interviews, observations, and documentation, then analyzed using an interactive model, including data reduction, data presentation, data depiction, and conclusion drawing. The results showed that the pesantren implemented various strategies, such as intercultural dialogue, joint social activities, synergy in religious social activities, collaboration with government agencies, and image enhancement through achievements. These strategies play a significant role in preventing and resolving cultural conflicts, as well as building harmonious relationships with the surrounding community. This research reveals that pesantren not only function as religious education institutions, but also as social agents that contribute to intercultural integration and harmony, especially in plural societies. This finding confirms the important role of pesantren in promoting cross-cultural dialogue and collaboration to create more inclusive and harmonious relationships in non-Muslim communities.
The basic monochromatic photovoltaic properties of a photodiode for laser power conversion
Authors: Hanakuma Ryota , Asahi Shigeo , Harada Yukihiro , Kita Takashi
Published: December 2024

We studied the photovoltaic properties of a conventional silicon photodiode under monochromatic illumination conditions to clarify the loss mechanisms that are important for application as a laser power converter. While the short-circuit current increases linearly with the excitation power, the power dependence of the open-circuit voltage consists of two regions with different slopes as a result of the Joule heating. At higher excitation power densities, thermal effects play a key role in the current–voltage characteristics, and therefore the maximum conversion efficiency is achieved at a certain excitation-power density. Furthermore, the optimum excitation wavelength shifts towards longer wavelengths as the excitation power density increases, because the optimum value is determined by a trade-off between the optical absorption strength and the excitation power density.
Free electron mobility limited by fixed charges and trapped electrons in 4H-SiC(11

2
¯

0) and (1

1
¯

00) MOSFETs annealed in NO
Authors: Ito Koji , Tanaka Hajime , Horita Masahiro , Suda Jun , Kimoto Tsunenobu
Published: December 2024

The impact of Coulomb scattering by fixed charges and trapped electrons on the free electron mobility (μ
free) of SiC(11

2
¯

0) and (1

1
¯

00) MOSFETs annealed in NO was quantitatively discussed through numerical calculations. The fixed charge density for MOSFETs on (11

2
¯

0) and (1

1
¯

00) annealed in NO was estimated to be 1.0 × 1013 cm−2, which is four times higher than that for (0001) MOSFETs previously reported. Calculation of μ
free can well reproduce the experimental Hall mobilities for all MOSFETs on (11

2
¯

0) and (1

1
¯

00) within the wide range of effective normal field (0.08 MV cm−1 ≤ E
eff ≤ 0.78 MV cm−1).
Tunneling magnetoresistance and spin-orbit torque magnetization switching in ferrimagnetic Gd-Fe-Co based magnetic tunnel junction
Authors: Yunokizaki M. , Hibino Y. , Idzuchi H. , Tsai H. , Ishibashi M. , Miwa S. , Hayashi M. , Nakatsuji S.
Published: December 2024

Spin–orbit torque magnetization switching is studied in three-terminal magnetic tunnel junctions with a ferrimagnetic Gd-Fe-Co free layer. Pt is used as a spin current generation layer and a Co-Fe-B synthetic antiferromagnet is used as the reference layer. A thin Fe-B layer is inserted between the Gd-Fe-Co free layer and the MgO barrier. The thickness of the Fe-B layer is varied from 4 to 12 Å. We find the tunnel magnetoresistance ratio increases with increasing Fe-B layer thickness until it saturates at ∼14%, while the current density needed to reverse the magnetization of the Gd-Fe-Co/Fe-B layer via spin–orbit torque remains almost unchanged. The results highlight the effectiveness of the thin Fe-B layer in obtaining sizable tunneling magnetoresistance and efficient spin–orbit-torque switching.
Pengadaan Bak Sampah Sebagai Upaya Dalam Mengatasi Pencemaran Sungai Barito di Desa Malawaken
Authors: Zahra Fatimatuz , Rifky Haidar , Alfajri Muhamad Alaihun , Nasrullah Muhammad Pazri , Maimunah Nurul Ayatul , Sarniwatie
Published: December 2024

This study discusses the program of providing trash bins as an effort to overcome pollution of the Barito River in Malawaken Village. The problem of waste polluting the river is mainly caused by the habit of local people to dispose of domestic waste and plastic carelessly. In the framework of the Real Work Lecture (KKN) program, three trash bins were procured which were placed in strategic locations, namely in the village government office, mosque, and prayer room. This program aims to increase public awareness in waste management and maintaining environmental cleanliness. The implementation of the program includes observation, preparation, implementation, and handover of trash bins. The results of this program are expected to increase community participation in maintaining the cleanliness of the river and its surrounding environment.
Pemanfaatan Lumpur Limbah Tahu di Dusun Sugihmanik sebagai Upaya Konservasi Air untuk Mewujudkan Green Econom
Authors: Ramadan Bimastyaji Surya , Sarminingsih Anik , Elawati Nunung Eni
Published: December 2024

Sugihmanik Village in Grobogan Regency, Central Java, has many people who work as tofu producers. However, this village is experiencing an environmental management crisis, one of which is the management of sludge resulting from the liquid waste processing process at their wastewater treatment plant (IPAL). One of the proposed solutions is the use of tofu waste sludge as maggot feed, which can provide economic benefits and reduce environmental pollution. The Krida Manik Waste Bank is expected to be a pioneer in managing and utilizing tofu mud to feed maggots which can later be used as animal feed. This study uses a qualitative descriptive method where data is extracted as much as possible to obtain information regarding program management. The results of the activity show that there is potential for managing IPAL sludge using maggots. With the abundant potential of mud, people can use it as a renewable resource. However, capacity development and ongoing assistance need to be carried out to get maximum results.