bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Human motion reconstruction from monocular images using genetic algorithms
Authors: Zhao Jianhui , Li Ling
Published: June 2004

This paper proposed an optimization approach for human motion recovery from the un‐calibrated monocular images containing unlimited human movements. A 3D skeleton human model based on anatomy knowledge is employed with encoded biomechanical constraints for the joints. Energy Function is defined to represent the deviations between projection features and extracted image features. Reconstruction procedure is developed to adjust joints and segments of the human body into their proper positions. Genetic Algorithms are adopted to find the optimal solution effectively in the high dimensional parameter space by simultaneously considering all the parameters of the human model. The experimental results are analysed by Deviation Penalty. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A moving planar mirror based approach for cultural reconstruction
Authors: Jang Kyung Ho , Lee Dong Hoon , Jung Soon Ki
Published: June 2004

Modelling from images is a cost‐effective means of obtaining virtual cultural heritage models. These models can be effectively constructed from classical Structure from Motion algorithm. However, it's too difficult to reconstruct whole scenes using SFM method since general oriental historic sites contain a very complex shapes and brilliant colours. To overcome this difficulty, the current paper proposes a new reconstruction method based on a moving planar mirror. We devise the mirror posture instead of scene itself as a cue for reconstructing the geometry. That implies that the geometric cues are inserted into the scene by compulsion. With this method, we can obtain the geometrical details regardless of the scene complexity. For this purpose, we first capture image sequences through the moving mirror containing the interested scene, and then calibrate the camera through the mirror's posture. Since the calibration results are still inaccurate due to the detection error, the camera pose is revised using frame‐correspondence of the corner points that are easily obtained using the initial camera posture. Finally, 3D information is computed from a set of calibrated image sequences. We validate our approach with a set of experiments on some cultural heritage objects. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The virtual interaction panel: an easy control tool in augmented reality systems
Authors: Yuan M. L. , Ong S. K. , Nee Andrew Y. C.
Published: June 2004

In this paper, we propose and develop an easy control tool called Virtual Interaction Panel (VirIP) for Augmented Reality (AR) systems, which can be used to control AR systems. This tool is composed of two parts: the design of the VirIPs and the tracking of an interaction pen using a Restricted Coulomb Energy (RCE) neural network. The VirIP is composed of some virtual buttons, which have meaningful information that can be activated by an interaction pen during the augmentation process. The interaction pen is a general pen‐like object with a certain color distribution. It is tracked using a RCE network in real‐time and used to trigger the VirIPs for AR systems. In our system, only one camera is used for capturing the real world. Therefore, 2D information is used to trigger the virtual buttons to control the AR systems. The proposed method is real‐time because the RCE‐based image segmentation for a small region is fast. It can be used to control AR systems quite easily without any annoying sensors attached to entangling cables. This proposed method has good potential in many AR applications in manufacturing, such as assembly without the need for object recognition, collaborative product design, system control, etc. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A viscous paint model for interactive applications
Authors: Baxter William , Liu Yuanxin , Lin Ming C.
Published: June 2004

We present a viscous paint model for use in an interactive painting system based on the well‐known Stokes' equations for viscous flow. Our method is, to our knowledge, the first unconditionally stable numerical method that treats viscous fluid with a free surface boundary. We have also developed a real‐time implementation of the Kubelka‐Munk reflectance model for pigment mixing, compositing and rendering entirely on graphics hardware, using programmable fragment shading capabilities. We have integrated our paint model with a prototype painting system, which demonstrates the model's effectiveness in rendering viscous paint and capturing a thick,impasto‐like style of painting. Several users have tested our prototype system and were able to start creating original art work in an intuitive manner not possible with the existing techniques in commercial systems. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Morphing based on strain field interpolation
Authors: Yan Han‐Bing , Hu Shi‐Min , Martin Ralph
Published: June 2004

Strain fields provide a method of deformation measurement based on physics. Using these as a tool, we can analyze deformation of objects in a measurable way. We have developed a new morphing technique based on strain field interpolation. Shape shaking and squeezing, which often happen when using linear interpolation for morphing, do not arise in our approach. We have also developed a new method to create isomorphic meshes from corresponding objects in two images. Meshes generated by this method have much fewer triangles than other methods, which greatly decreases calculation loads in the morphing process. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Shape and texture preserved non‐photorealistic rendering
Authors: Wang Haitao , Zhang Jian J. , Li Stan Z. , Wang Yangsheng
Published: June 2004

Two approaches, image‐space and object‐space, exist for non‐photorealistic rendering (NPR). The object‐space approach has an advantage that it is able to access the 3D shape information of the scene with a 3D model. In this paper, we present a non‐stroke based image‐space technique that has the strength similar to that of the object‐space approach, but without involving explicit 3D models. The basic idea is to factorise the Lambertian model to obtain the shape and texture information implicitly contained in the image. We also develop a specific anisotropic low‐pass image filter, which can smooth an image without blurring important features. With the developed techniques, we present two NPR styles, the sketching style and the painting style. Although our work does not aim to mimic any specific existing art form, the sketching style can generate effects similar to those of the pen‐and‐ink and the painting style is able to produce the colour permeating effects of watercolour. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Combining light animation with obscurances for glossy environments
Authors: Méndez‐Feliu Àlex , Sbert Mateu
Published: June 2004

Obscurances is a powerful technique that approximates indirect global illumination in a much faster way than classic methods as radiosity or path tracing. In this method, the local environment of a point or a patch is sampled to estimate the amount of occlusion that surrounds it. Fine effects as color reflection can be added and visually pleasant rendering of corners and soft shadows are easily computed. Combined with ray tracing techniques, non‐diffuse and specular effects can be added to the surfaces, obtaining thus beautiful and realistic rendered images. Since direct and indirect illumination are decoupled, obscurances are very useful to render animation frames for moving light sources, as they have to be computed only for the first frame and then reused. Ambient light intensity can also be decoupled from obscurances and estimated for every frame, resulting in beautiful color‐changing effects. Light animation help in light design and to convey shape and features of the objects in the scene. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Au32: A 24‐Carat Golden Fullerene.
Authors: Johansson Mikael P. , Sundholm Dage , Vaara Juha
Published: June 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Yttrium Rhenium Oxide, Y7ReO14‐δ: A Cubic Fluorite Superstructure.
Authors: Ehrenberg Helmut , Hartmann Thomas , Bramnik Kirill G. , Miehe Gerhard , Fuess Hartmut
Published: June 2004

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APSe6 (A: K, Rb, and Cs): Polymeric Selenophosphates with Reversible Phase‐Change Properties.
Authors: Chung In , Do Junghwan , Canlas Christian G. , Weliky David P. , Kanatzidis Mercouri G.
Published: June 2004

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Synthesis and Crystal Structure of Barium Thioborate Ba7(BS3)4S.
Authors: Kim Youngsik , Martin Steve M.
Published: June 2004

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Synthesis, Crystal Structures, and Optical Properties of Two New Layered Quaternary Tantalum Thiophosphates and the Thermal Conversion of Cs4Ta4P4S24 into Cs2Ta2P2S12.
Authors: Gutzmann Andreas , Naether Christian , Bensch Wolfgang
Published: June 2004

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Ba3YB3O9: Phase Transition and Crystal Structure.
Authors: Li X. Z. , Chen X. L. , Wu L. , Cao Y. G. , Zhou T. , Xu Y. P.
Published: June 2004

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Thermal Conductivity of Aqueous Sr(NO3)2 and LiNO3 Solutions at High Temperatures and High Pressures
Authors: Abdulagatov Ilmutdin M. , Akhmedova‐Azizova Lala A. , Azizov Nazim D.
Published: June 2004

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Red Photoluminescence Properties and Crystal Structure of Sodium Rare Earth Oxyborate.
Authors: Zhang Yue , Li Ya Dong
Published: June 2004

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Multinuclear NMR Investigations of the Oxygen, Water, and Hydroxyl Environments in Sodium Hexaniobate
Authors: Alam Todd M. , Nyman May , Cherry Brian R. , Segall Judith M. , Lybarger Leslie E.
Published: June 2004

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Chiral 2,2′‐Binaphthyldiimine—Nickel(II) Complexes as Lewis Acid Catalysts for Enantioselective Diels—Alder Reactions.
Authors: Suga Hiroyuki , Kakehi Akikazu , Mitsuda Masashi
Published: June 2004

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Synthesis of a New Chiral Nonracemic C2‐Symmetric 2,2′‐Bipyridyl Ligand and Its Application in Copper(I)‐Catalyzed Enantioselective Cyclopropanation Reactions.
Authors: Lyle Michael P. A. , Wilson Peter D.
Published: June 2004

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Diastereo‐ and Enantioselective Synthesis of anti‐1,3‐Mercapto Alcohols from α,β‐Unsaturated Ketones via Tandem Michael Addition—MPV Reduction.
Authors: Ozeki Minoru , Nishide Kiyoharu , Teraoka Fumiteru , Node Manabu
Published: June 2004

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Direct Catalytic Asymmetric Aldol Additions of Methyl Ynones. Spontaneous Reversal in the Sense of Enantioinduction.
Authors: Trost Barry M. , Fettes Alec , Shireman Brock T.
Published: June 2004

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New Developments in Zinc‐Catalyzed Asymmetric Hydrosilylation of Ketones with PMHS.
Authors: Bette Virginie , Mortreux Andre , Savoia Diego , Carpentier Jean‐Francois
Published: June 2004

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Metallophosphites as Umpolung Catalysts: The Enantioselective Cross Silyl Benzoin Reaction.
Authors: Linghu Xin , Potnick Justin R. , Johnson Jeffrey S.
Published: June 2004

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BINOL Derived Monodentate Acylphosphite Ligands for Homogeneously Catalyzed Enantioselective Hydrogenation.
Authors: Korostylev Andrei , Monsees Axel , Fischer Christine , Boerner Armin
Published: June 2004

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Asymmetric Michael Reaction Between a Chiral α,β‐Dimethyl‐β‐enamino Ester and α‐Substituted Acrylates.
Authors: Hendra Frederic , Nour Mohammed , Baglin Isabelle , Morgant Georges , Cave Christian
Published: June 2004

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Cyclopenta[b]thiophene‐alkyloxazolines: New Nitrogen—Sulfur Hybrid Ligands and Their Use in Asymmetric Palladium‐Catalyzed Allylic Alkylation.
Authors: Bonini Bianca‐Flavia , Giordano Laurent , Fochi Mariafrancesca , Comes‐Franchini Mauro , Bernardi Luca , Capito Elena , Ricci Alfredo
Published: June 2004

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Influence of the Metal and Chiral Diamine on Metal(II)salen Catalyzed, Asymmetric Synthesis of α‐Methyl α‐Amino Acids.
Authors: Belokon Yuri N. , Fuentes Jose , North Michael , Steed Jonathan W.
Published: June 2004

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How Does Lipase Flexibility Affect Its Enantioselectivity in Organic Solvents? A Possible Role of CH×××π Association in Stabilization of Enzyme—Substrate Complex.
Authors: Watanabe Keiichi , Uno Tetsuya , Koshiba Takashi , Okamoto Takashi , Ebara Yasuhito , Ueji Shin‐ichi
Published: June 2004

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Enantioselective Synthesis of 1‐Aryl‐2‐propenylamines: A New Approach to a Stereoselective Synthesis of the Taxol® Side Chain.
Authors: Castagnolo Daniele , Armaroli Silvia , Corelli Federico , Botta Maurizio
Published: June 2004

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Captodative Formyl‐ and Acyl(amino)alkenes Containing a Terminal Double Bond or a Weakly Basic Tertiary Amino Group.
Authors: Rulev A. Yu. , Fedorov S. V. , Chuvashev Yu. A. , Voronkov M. G.
Published: June 2004

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Effect of Microwave Irradiation on the Direction and Stereochemistry of Rodionov and Michael Reactions.
Authors: Romanova N. N. , Gravis A. G. , Kudan P. V. , Leshcheva I. F. , Zyk N. V.
Published: June 2004

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Rhodium‐Catalyzed Carbonylative [3 + 2 + 1] Cycloaddition Reaction: Catalytic Formation of Bicyclic Cyclohexenones from Trienes and Carbon Monoxide.
Authors: Lee Sang Ick , Park Ji Hoon , Chung Young Keun , Lee Sueg‐Geun
Published: June 2004

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Synthesis of N‐Vinyloxyalkyl Imines.
Authors: Kukharev B. F. , Stankevich V. K. , Klimenko G. R.
Published: June 2004

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Facile Acid‐Catalyzed Condensation of Ninhydrin with Enols and Aromatic Compounds and Microwave Enhanced Condensation of Ninhydrin with Hydroxy Aromatic Systems in Solid State.
Authors: Kundu Sandip Kumar , Patra Amarendra , Pramanik Animesh
Published: June 2004

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Silicon and Tin‐Directed Tiffeneau—Demjanov Reaction
Authors: Chow Leonie , McClure Melanie , White Jonathan
Published: June 2004

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Intramolecular 1,5‐Hydride Shift in Products of Stevens 3,2‐Rearrangement of Ammonium Salts Containing 3‐Phenyl‐2‐propynyl Group.
Authors: Babakhanyan A. V. , Ovsepyan V. S. , Kocharyan S. T. , Panosyan G. A.
Published: June 2004

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Efficient, Copper‐Catalyzed, Aerobic Oxidation of Primary Alcohols.
Authors: Marko Istvan E. , Gautier Arnaud , Dumeunier Raphael , Doda Kanae , Phillippart Freddi , Brown Stephen M. , Urch Christopher J.
Published: June 2004

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Chemoselective Reduction of α,β‐Unsaturated Aldehydes, Ketones, Carboxylic Acids, and Esters with Nickel Boride in Methanol—Water.
Authors: Khurana Jitender Mohan , Sharma Purnima
Published: June 2004

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Reductive Activation of Arenes. Part 16. Anionic Products from Reduction of p‐Tolunitrile with Sodium in Liquid Ammonia and Their Reaction with Butyl Bromide.
Authors: Vaganova T. A. , Starokon' E. V. , Shteingarts V. D.
Published: June 2004

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Chemoselective Reduction of α,β‐Unsaturated Carbonyl Compounds by Sodium Hydrogen Telluride. Part 1.
Authors: Geethamalika G. , Sundari A. Suguna , Shanmugam P. , Rajendran S. P.
Published: June 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Generation of Electrophilic Iodine from Iodine Monochloride in Neutral Media. Iodination and Protodeiodination of Carbazole.
Authors: Filimonov V. D. , Krasnokutskaya E. A. , Lesina Yu. A.
Published: June 2004

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Ruthenium‐Catalyzed anti‐Markovnikov Hydroamination of Vinylarenes.
Authors: Utsunomiya Masaru , Hartwig John F.
Published: June 2004

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Preparation of Aminals in Water.
Authors: Jurcik Vaclav , Wilhelm Rene
Published: June 2004

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Reactions of Aroxy‐ and Arylsulfanylacetic Acids and Their Esters with N‐(2,2,2‐Trichloro‐1‐hydroxyethyl)sulfonamides and ‐carboxamides.
Authors: Rudyakova E. V. , Levkovskaya G. G. , Rozentsveig I. B. , Mirskova A. N. , Albanov A. I.
Published: June 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
A Convenient Synthesis of Olefins via Deacylation Reaction.
Authors: Nakatsu Shogo , Gubaidullin Aider T. , Mamedov Vakhid A. , Tsuboi Sadao
Published: June 2004

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Efficient Hydration of Nitriles to Amides in Water, Catalyzed by Ruthenium Hydroxide Supported on Alumina.
Authors: Yamaguchi Kazuya , Matsushita Mitsunori , Mizuno Noritaka
Published: June 2004

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A Mild and Efficient Selective Tetrahydropyranylation of Primary Alcohols and Deprotection of THP Ethers of Phenols and Alcohols Using PdCl2(MeCN)2 as Catalyst.
Authors: Wang Yan‐Guang , Wu Xiao‐Xing , Jiang Zhi‐Yong
Published: June 2004

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Ruthenium(III) Chloride Catalyzed Acylation of Alcohols, Phenols, Thiols, and Amines.
Authors: De Surya Kanta
Published: June 2004

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Zn‐Promoted Regioselective and Sequence‐Selective One‐Pot Joining Reaction of Three Components: Alkyl Iodides, α,β‐Unsaturated Esters (or Nitriles), and Acylating Agents.
Authors: Yamamoto Yoshimasa , Nakano Seiji , Maekawa Hirofumi , Nishiguchi Ikuzo
Published: June 2004

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Regio‐ and Enantioselective Control in the Reactions of α‐(N‐Carbamoyl)alkylcuprates with Allylic Phosphates.
Authors: Dieter R. Karl , Gore Vinayak K. , Chen Ningyi
Published: June 2004

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(2‐Vinyloxyethyl)hydrazines.
Authors: Kukharev B. F. , Stankevich V. K. , Lobanova N. A. , Tiunov M. P.
Published: June 2004

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Reactions of Heterocumulenes with Organometallic Reagents. Part 7. Reactions of Carbanions Derived from Alkoxy‐ and Alkylthioethenes with Isocyanates as a Simple Route to N‐Substituted 2‐Alkoxy‐ and 2‐(Alkylthio)acrylamides.
Authors: Nedolya N. A. , Brandsma L. , Shlyakhtina N. I. , Ushakov I. A. , Albanov A. I.
Published: June 2004

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An Unusual 1,2‐N→C Acyl Migration in Urea Derivatives of α‐Aminoorganolithiums.
Authors: Kells Kevin W. , Ncube Adela , Chong J. Michael
Published: June 2004

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Synthesis of (E)‐α,β‐Unsaturated Esters with Total Diastereoselectivity by Using Chromium Dichloride.
Authors: Concellon Jose M. , Rodriguez‐Solla Humberto , Mejica Carmen
Published: June 2004

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Practical Synthesis of S‐Alkyl Thiocarbamate Herbicides by Carbonylation of Amines with Carbon Monoxide and Sulfur.
Authors: Mizuno Takumi , Iwai Toshiyuki , Ito Takatoshi
Published: June 2004

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Titanium‐Mediated Alkylidenation of Substituted Cycloalkenones: Scope and Limitations.
Authors: Dauvergne Jerome , Happe Alan M. , Roberts Stanley M.
Published: June 2004

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Tandem Reactions Catalyzed by Lanthanoid Iodides. Part 1. Tandem Mukaiyama—Michael Iminoaldol Reactions.
Authors: Jaber Nada , Assie Martine , Fiaud Jean‐Claude , Collin Jacqueline
Published: June 2004

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Cycloalkane C10H18 Formation During Skeleton Isomerization of endo‐1,7,7‐Trimethyl‐2‐chloro‐bicyclo[2,2,1]heptane by AlCl3.
Authors: Vishnyakova E. V. , Utsal' V. A. , Vatlina L. P. , Ponomarev D. A.
Published: June 2004

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Selective Hydrolysis of Pentafluorobenzotrichloride.
Authors: Shipilov A. I. , Kolpashchikova L. A. , Igumnov S. M.
Published: June 2004

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Arylation of Substituted Anilines Catalyzed by Palladium.
Authors: Artamkina G. A. , Petrov A. R. , Serushkina O. V. , Dutov M. D. , Shevelev S. A. , Beletskaya I. P.
Published: June 2004

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A Simple and Efficient Method for the Dehydrogenation of Symmetric Hydrazo Compounds with NaNO2—Ac2O.
Authors: Li Xiaochuan , Wang Yulu , Wang Jinye
Published: June 2004

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New Synthetic Approach to α‐Chlorocinnamates: First Example of Synthesis of Functionally Substituted Alkenes Using Catalytic Olefination Reaction.
Authors: Nenajdenko Valentine G. , Lenkova Olesya N. , Shastin Alexey V. , Balenkova Elizabeth S.
Published: June 2004

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Enantioselective Mannich‐Type Reaction Catalyzed by a Chiral Broensted Acid.
Authors: Akiyama Takahiko , Itoh Junji , Yokota Koji , Fuchibe Kohei
Published: June 2004

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Intermediates in Reactions of Diacyl Peroxides with Tertiary Aliphatic Amines.
Authors: Turovskii N. A. , Opeida I. A. , Kushch O. V.
Published: June 2004

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Variation of Xantphos‐Based Ligands in the Palladium‐Catalyzed Reaction of Aryl Halides with Ureas.
Authors: Sergeev A. G. , Artamkina G. A. , Beletskaya I. P.
Published: June 2004

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Guanylation of Aromatic Amines Catalyzed by Vanadium Imido Complexes.
Authors: Montilla Francisco , Pastor Antonio , Galindo Agustin
Published: June 2004

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Ruthenium‐Catalyzed Functionalization of Aryl Carbon—Oxygen Bonds in Aromatic Ethers with Organoboron Compounds.
Authors: Kakiuchi Fumitoshi , Usui Mayumi , Ueno Satoshi , Chatani Naoto , Murai Shinji
Published: June 2004

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Room‐Temperature Ni(0)‐Catalyzed Cross‐Coupling Reactions of Aryl Arenesulfonates with Arylboronic Acids.
Authors: Tang Zhen‐Yu , Hu Qiao‐Sheng
Published: June 2004

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Sulfilimine Palladacycles: Stable and Efficient Catalysts for Carbon—Carbon Coupling Reactions.
Authors: Thakur Vinay V. , Kumar N. S. C. Ramesh , Sudalai A.
Published: June 2004

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Towards a Facile Synthesis of Triarylethanones: Palladium‐Catalyzed Arylation of Ketone Enolates under Homogeneous and Heterogeneous Conditions.
Authors: Churruca Fatima , SanMartin Raul , Carril Monica , Tellitu Imanol , Dominguez Esther
Published: June 2004

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Oxidation of Aromatic Compounds. Part 11. Oxidation of Methyl 3‐(4‐Methoxyphenyl)propynoate in the System CF3COOH—CH2Cl2—PbO2.
Authors: Vasilyev A. V. , Fundamenskii V. S. , Savchenkov P. Yu. , Rudenko A. P.
Published: June 2004

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First Use of a Palladium Complex with a Thiosemicarbazone Ligand as Catalyst Precursor for the Heck Reaction.
Authors: Kovala‐Demertzi Dimitra , Yadav Paras N. , Demertzis Mavroudis A. , Jasiski Jerry P. , Andreadaki Fotini J. , Kostas Ioannis D.
Published: June 2004

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Reaction of Tetramethylcalix[4]resorcinolarene with 3,5‐Di‐tert‐butyl‐4‐hydroxybenzyl Acetate.
Authors: Bukharov S. V. , Nugumanova G. N. , Mukmeneva N. A. , Teregulova E. A. , Burilov A. R. , Pudovik M. A. , Nikolaeva I. L. , Kasymova E. M. , Konovalov A. I.
Published: June 2004

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Synthesis of Novel 1‐Aryl‐Substituted 8‐Methoxynaphthalenes and Their Tendency for Atropisomerization.
Authors: Yoshikawa Seiji , Odaira Jun‐ichi , Kitamura Yuki , Bedekar Ashutosh V. , Furuta Takumi , Tanaka Kiyoshi
Published: June 2004

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Synthesis of Indenes by Ytterbium‐Catalyzed Carboalkoxylation/Friedel—Crafts Reaction of Arylidenecyclopropanes with Acetals.
Authors: Nakamura Itaru , Kamada Michiru , Yamamoto Yoshinori
Published: June 2004

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Direct Synthesis of γ‐Substituted Phthalides by Cyclization of Benzyl Radicals Generated from o‐(Arylmethyl)benzoic Acids.
Authors: Mahmoodi N. O. , Salehpour M.
Published: June 2004

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Synthesis of Dibenzofuran‐1,4‐diones Using the Doetz Benzannulation.
Authors: Anderson James C. , Denton Ross M. , Hickin H. Gwen , Wilson Claire
Published: June 2004

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An Efficient Phosphine‐Free Palladium Coupling for the Synthesis of New 2‐Arylbenzo[b]thiophenes.
Authors: Fournier Dit Chabert Jeremie , Joucla Lionel , David Emilie , Lemaire Marc
Published: June 2004

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Organolanthanoid‐Catalyzed Intramolecular Hydroamination/Cyclization/Bicyclization of Sterically Encumbered Substrates. Scope, Selectivity, and Catalyst Thermal Stability for Amine‐Tethered Unactivated 1,2‐Disubstituted Alkenes.
Authors: Ryu Jae‐Sang , Marks Tobin J. , McDonald Frank
Published: June 2004

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First Synthesis of Methyl 3‐Amino‐4‐(het)aryl‐1H‐pyrrole‐2‐carboxylates as Useful Scaffolds in Medicinal Chemistry.
Authors: Rochais Christophe , Lisowski Vincent , Dallemagne Patrick , Rault Sylvain
Published: June 2004

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Efficient Stereoselective Alkenylation Through a Homolytic Domino Reaction Involving a 1,5 Sulfur‐to‐Carbon Translocation.
Authors: Korshin Edward E. , Bilokin Yaroslav V. , Zheng Hailin , Bachi Mario D.
Published: June 2004

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Radical Cyclization of O‐Pentafluorobenzoyloximes Having a (Cyclohexadiene)Fe(CO)3 Moiety.
Authors: Tanaka Kenichi , Yukimura Noriaki , Narasaka Koichi
Published: June 2004

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Gold(III)‐Catalyzed Annulation of 2‐Alkynylanilines: A Mild and Efficient Synthesis of Indoles and 3‐Haloindoles.
Authors: Arcadi Antonio , Bianchi Gabriele , Marinelli Fabio
Published: June 2004

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Intramolecular Reactions of 2‐Indolylacyl Radicals: Access to 1,2‐Fused Ring Indole Derivatives.
Authors: Bennasar M.‐Lluisa , Roca Tomas , Ferrando Francesc
Published: June 2004

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Palladium‐Catalyzed Carbon Dioxide Elimination—Fixation Reaction of 4‐Methoxycarbonyloxy‐2‐buten‐1‐ols.
Authors: Yoshida Masahiro , Ohsawa Yusuke , Ihara Masataka
Published: June 2004

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Oxidative Rearrangement of Imidazoles with Dimethyldioxirane.
Authors: Lovely Carl J. , Du Hongwang , He Yong , Dias H. V. Rasika
Published: June 2004

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Synthesis and Reactivity of 3‐Aralkoxy‐4‐imino‐imidazolidin‐2‐ones: A Novel Class of 4‐Iminohydantoins.
Authors: Kurz Thomas , Geffken Detlef , Widyan Khalid
Published: June 2004

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A Rapid and Efficient Synthesis of 2‐Butyl‐5‐chloro‐3H‐imidazole‐4‐carboxaldehyde.
Authors: Srinivas K. , Nair C. K. Snehalatha , Ramesh S. , Pardhasaradhi M.
Published: June 2004

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Base‐Promoted Reactions of Bridged Ketones and 1,3‐ and 1,4‐Haloalkyl Azides: Competitive Alkylation vs Azidation Reactions of Ketone Enolates.
Authors: Yao Lei , Smith Brenton T. , Aube Jeffrey
Published: June 2004

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Synthesis of Fused Tetrazole Derivatives via a Tandem Cycloaddition and N‐Allylation Reaction and Parallel Synthesis of Fused Tetrazole Amines.
Authors: Ek Fredrik , Manner Sophie , Wistrand Lars‐Goeran , Frejd Torbjoern
Published: June 2004

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Recent Development of Organic Conductors Containing Selenium Atoms: New Synthetic Methods, Electron Donors, and Conductors
Authors: Takimiya Kazuo , Otsubo Tetsuo , Aso Yoshio
Published: June 2004

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Research and Development of the Free Radical Scavenger Edaravone as a Neuroprotectant
Authors: Watanabe Toshiaki , Tanaka Masahiko , Watanabe Kazutoshi , Takamatsu Yasuo , Tobe Akihiro
Published: June 2004

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Cell Biology of Heavy Metal Toxicity in Vascular Tissue
Authors: Kaji Toshiyuki
Published: June 2004

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Supramolecular Metal Complex Systems Based on Crown‐Substituted Tetrapyrroles
Authors: Tsivadze A. Yu.
Published: June 2004

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Tools for Antiinflammatory Drug Design: In vitro Models of Leukocyte Migration
Authors: Frow Emma K. , Reckless Jill , Grainger David J.
Published: June 2004

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Ruthenium‐Catalyzed Carbenoid Cyclopropanation Reactions with Diazo Compounds
Authors: Maas Gerhard
Published: June 2004

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Metal Ion Complexes of Antivirally Active Nucleotide Analogues. Conclusions Regarding Their Biological Action
Authors: Sigel Helmut
Published: June 2004

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Melanocortin Ligands: 30 Years of Structure—Activity Relationship (SAR) Studies
Authors: Holder Jerry Ryan , Haskell‐Luevano Carrie
Published: June 2004

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Peptide‐Based Radiopharmaceuticals: Future Tools for Diagnostic Imaging of Cancers and Other Diseases
Authors: Okarvi S. M.
Published: June 2004

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Asymmetric Transfer of Carbenes with Phenyliodonium Ylides
Authors: Mueller Paul
Published: June 2004

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Organic Photochemistry within Zeolites: Selectivity Through Confinement
Authors: Sivaguru Jayaraman , Shailaja Jayaramachandran , Ramamurthy Vaidhyanathan
Published: June 2004

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Solid‐Phase Synthesis of Deglycobleomycin and Bleomycin
Authors: Leitheiser Christopher J. , Hecht Sidney M.
Published: June 2004

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Highlights of the Chemistry of Enantiomerically Pure Aziridine‐2‐carboxylates
Authors: Lee Won Koo , Ha Hyun‐Joon
Published: June 2004

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Synthetic Glycopolymers
Authors: Ladmiral Vincent , Melia Emma , Haddleton David M.
Published: June 2004

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Nucleotides and Nucleic Acids: Oligo‐ and Polynucleotides
Authors: Loakes D.
Published: June 2004

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Nucleic Acids and Nucleotides: Mononucleotides
Authors: Migaud M.
Published: June 2004

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Sesquiterpene Pyridine Alkaloids
Authors: Liao Luciano M.
Published: June 2004

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The Manzamine Alkaloids
Authors: Hu Jin‐Feng , Hamann Mark T. , Hill Russell , Kelly Michelle
Published: June 2004

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Synthesis of New Polyfused Heterocycles of Biological Importance by Means of Pd(0) Catalysis
Authors: Hajos Gy. , Riedl Zs. , Timari G. , Matyus P. , Maes B. U. W. , Lemiere G. L. F.
Published: June 2004

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Catalytic Functionalization of Naturally Occurring Monoterpenes
Authors: Gusevskaya Elena V. , dos Santos Eduardo Nicolau
Published: June 2004

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Electron Transfer Reactions: From Electrons to Drugs
Authors: Vanelle P. , Terme T. , Gellis A. , Rathelot P.
Published: June 2004

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Exploring Different Approaches for the Stereoselective Synthesis of Amino Acid Derived 4‐Alkyl‐4‐carboxy‐2‐azetidinones
Authors: Gonzalez‐Muniz Rosario , Gerona‐Navarro Guillermo , Bonache Ma. Angeles , Garcia‐Aparicio Carlos , Martin‐Martinez Mercedes , Garcia‐Lopez Ma. Teresa , Royo Miriam , Albericio Fernando
Published: June 2004

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Reactions of Sulfenyl, Sulfinyl, and Sulfonyl Halides with Conjugated Dienes and Enynes: Synthesis of Unsaturated Sulfides, Sulfoxides, and Sulfones
Authors: Stadnichuk M. D.
Published: June 2004

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Organic Functionalization of Carbon Nanotubes
Authors: Tasis Dimitrios , Tagmatarchis Nikos , Georgakilas Vasilios , Pantarotto Davide , Vaccari Lisa , Bianco Alberto , Guldi Dirk M. , Prato Maurizio
Published: June 2004

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Microwave‐Supported Organic Synthesis. Applications. Part 21.
Authors: Keller Walter E.
Published: June 2004

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The State of the Art and Perspectives in Catalysis by Heterogenized Polymer‐Bound Metal Complexes
Authors: Pomogailo Anatolii
Published: June 2004

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Merging Solid‐Phase and Solution‐Phase Synthesis: The “Resin‐Capture‐Release” Hybrid Technique
Authors: Kirschning Andreas , Wittenberg Ruediger
Published: June 2004

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Catalytic Asymmetric Olefin Metathesis
Authors: Hoveyda Amir H. , Schrock Richard R.
Published: June 2004

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Improving Enantioselective Fluorination Reactions: Chiral N‐Fluoro Ammonium Salts and Transition Metal Catalysts
Authors: Muniz Kilian
Published: June 2004

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Keratocyte‐like locomotion in amiB‐null Dictyostelium cells
Authors: Asano Yukako , Mizuno Takafumi , Kon Takahide , Nagasaki Akira , Sutoh Kazuo , Uyeda Taro Q. P.
Published: June 2004

Starved Dictyostelium amoebae continuously change their shape and they are elongated along the front‐rear axis during locomotion. In contrast, we found that disruption of the amiB gene, which had been identified as a gene required for the aggregation process during development, caused these cells to move in a manner similar to fish keratocytes. Starved amiB− cells were elongated laterally and had one large lamellipodium along the front side arc of the cell. These cells moved unidirectionally for long distances maintaining the half‐moon shape, and this movement followed the predictions of the graded radial extension model, which was originally developed to describe the keratocyte movements. Furthermore, the distributions of actin, Arp2, and myosin II in amiB− cells were similar to those in keratocytes. Therefore, locomotion by keratocytes and amiB− cells appears to be driven by similar mechanisms of cytoskeletal regulation. Double knockout cells lacking both AmiB and myosin II were still able to move unidirectionally in a keratocyte‐like manner, although the frequency of those movements was lower. Thus, myosin II is dispensable for the unidirectional movement, though it likely functions in the maintenance of the characteristic half‐moon shape. This mutant cell can be a useful tool for further molecular genetic analysis of the mechanism of cell locomotion. Cell Motil. Cytoskeleton 59:17–27, 2004. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Strip element method for shape discrimination of strip rolling
Authors: Liu Hong‐Min , Yan Peng , Yu‐Peng Chu , Ying‐Rui Wang
Published: June 2004

A new method—the strip element method for discriminating the shape or the stability of the rolled strip subjected to the residual stress is proposed. The rolled strip is divided into a number of strip elements, and the deflection function model is constructed with the third‐power spline function and the sine function. Based on the minimum potential energy principle, the shape discrimination is transformed into the solution of eigenvalue. The computed examples verify the reliability and the practicality of this method. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Generation of shape functions for rectangular plate elements
Authors: Augarde Charles E.
Published: June 2004

This paper describes a procedure for the generation of shape functions for a family of rectangular plate elements from Lagrangian polynomials. A novel generation procedure is developed from previous work for straight beam elements, where level one Hermitian polynomials were derived from simpler Lagrangian polynomials. A number of examples are provided to illustrate the technique. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A limit shape theorem for periodic stochastic dispersion
Authors: Dolgopyat Dmitry , Kaloshin Vadim , Koralov Leonid
Published: June 2004

We consider the evolution of a connected set on the plane carried by a space periodic incompressible stochastic flow. While for almost every realization of the stochastic flow at time t most of the particles are at a distance of order $\sqrt{t}$ away from the origin, there is a measure zero set of points that escape to infinity at the linear rate. We study the set of points visited by the original set by time t and show that such a set, when scaled down by the factor of t, has a limiting nonrandom shape. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Wave packet pseudomodes of twisted Toeplitz matrices
Authors: Trefethen Lloyd N. , Chapman S. J.
Published: June 2004

The pseudospectra of banded, nonsymmetric Toeplitz or circulant matrices with varying coefficients are considered. Such matrices are characterized by a symbol that depends on both position (x) and wave number (k). It is shown that when a certain winding number or twist condition is satisfied, related to Hörmander's commutator condition for partial differential equations, ε‐pseudoeigenvectors of such matrices for exponentially small values of ε exist in the form of localized wave packets. The symbol need not be smooth with respect to x, just differentiable at a point (or less). © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Prognostic classification of relapsing favorable histology Wilms tumor using cDNA microarray expression profiling and support vector machines
Authors: Williams Richard D , Hing Sandra N. , Greer Braden T. , Whiteford Craig C. , Wei Jun S. , Natrajan Rachael , Kelsey Anna , Rogers Simon , Campbell Colin , Pritchard‐Jones Kathy , Khan Javed
Published: June 2004

Treatment of Wilms tumor has a high success rate, with some 85% of patients achieving long‐term survival. However, late effects of treatment and management of relapse remain significant clinical problems. If accurate prognostic methods were available, effective risk‐adapted therapies could be tailored to individual patients at diagnosis. Few molecular prognostic markers for Wilms tumor are currently defined, though previous studies have linked allele loss on 1p or 16q, genomic gain of 1q, and overexpression from 1q with an increased risk of relapse. To identify specific patterns of gene expression that are predictive of relapse, we used high‐density (30 k) cDNA microarrays to analyze RNA samples from 27 favorable histology Wilms tumors taken from primary nephrectomies at the time of initial diagnosis. Thirteen of these tumors relapsed within 2 years. Genes differentially expressed between the relapsing and nonrelapsing tumor classes were identified by statistical scoring (t test). These genes encode proteins with diverse molecular functions, including transcription factors, developmental regulators, apoptotic factors, and signaling molecules. Use of a support vector machine classifier, feature selection, and test evaluation using cross‐validation led to identification of a generalizable expression signature, a small subset of genes whose expression potentially can be used to predict tumor outcome in new samples. Similar methods were used to identify genes that are differentially expressed between tumors with and without genomic 1q gain. This set of discriminators was highly enriched in genes on 1q, indicating close agreement between data obtained from expression profiling with data from genomic copy number analyses. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Tumor necrosis factor reduces cAMP production in rat microglia
Authors: Patrizio Mario
Published: June 2004

cAMP has been reported to exert a neuroprotective role in several in vivo and in vitro models of brain pathologies, mainly by regulating microglial activation and orienting these cells toward a neuroprotective phenotype. In order to elucidate the intracellular pathways regulated by tumor necrosis factor (TNF) in glial cells, I have studied the modulation of cAMP accumulation by TNF in microglia and astrocyte cultures obtained from the neonatal rat brain. Pre‐treatment of microglia with TNF reduced in a dose‐ and time‐dependent manner cAMP accumulation induced by forskolin (FSK), in the presence of the phosphodiesterase inhibitor 3‐isobutyl‐1‐methyl‐xanthine (IBMX). The TNF inhibitory action was 90% reverted by a neutralizing polyclonal anti‐TNF antibody and was not prevented by a 16 h pre‐treatment of microglial cultures with the Gi protein inhibitor pertussis toxin (PTx). These results suggest that TNF acts at a step of the cAMP transduction pathway other than receptors, G proteins, and phosphodiesterases. The target of TNF appeared to be adenylyl cyclase, whose ability to synthesize cAMP was markedly reduced (up to 50%) in membranes prepared from TNF‐treated microglial cells, both in basal conditions and after stimulation with FSK. TNF induced a time‐dependent degradation of IκB‐α in microglial cells that was reverted by two inhibitors of nuclear factor κB activation, N‐tosyl‐L‐phenylalanine chloromethyl ketone (TPCK) and N‐CBZ‐Leu‐Leu‐Leu‐al (MG132). The same inhibitors also markedly prevented the reduction of FSK‐evoked cAMP accumulation by TNF, suggesting the involvement of NFκB in the regulation of adenylyl cyclase by TNF in microglia. Conversely, cAMP accumulation in astrocytes was not affected by TNF. Based on these findings, it is proposed that the ability of TNF to inhibit cAMP synthesis in microglia may exacerbate its response and contribute to cell damage in neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration, possibly through enhanced release of proinflammatory and/or cytotoxic factors. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Glial expression of the 90‐kDa heat shock protein (HSP90) and the 94‐kDa glucose‐regulated protein (GRP94) following an excitotoxic lesion in the mouse hippocampus
Authors: Jeon Gye Sun , Park Sang Wook , Kim Dong Woon , Seo Je Hoon , Cho Jaeyoung , Lim So Young , Kim Seong Deok , Cho Sa Sun
Published: June 2004

Heat shock proteins (HSPs) are immediately expressed in neuronal and glial cells under various stressful conditions and play a protective role through molecular chaperones. Although several studies have been focused on the expression of HSPs, little is known about HSP90s expression in glial cells under neuropathological conditions. In this study, we evaluated the expression pattern of the glial cell‐related HSP90 and GRP94 proteins, following the induction of an excitotoxic lesion in the mouse brain. Adult mice received an intracerebroventricular injection of kainic acid; the brain tissue was then analyzed immunohistochemically for HSPs and double labeling using glial markers. HSPs expression was quantified by Western blot analysis. Excitotoxic damage was found to cause pyramidal cell degeneration in the CA3 region of the hippocampus. In the injured hippocampus, reactive microglia/macrophages expressed HSP90 from 12 h until 7 days postlesion (PL), showing maximal levels at day 1. In parallel, hippocampal reactive astrocytes showed the expression of GRP94 from 12 h until 7 days PL. In general, HSPs expression was transient, peaked at 1–3 days PL and reached basal levels by day 7. For the first time, our data demonstrate the injury‐induced expression of HSP90 and GRP94 in glial cells, which may contribute to the mechanism of glial cell protection and adaptation in response to damage, thereby playing an important role in the evolution of the glial response and the excitotoxic lesion outcome. HSP90 may provide antioxidant protective mechanisms against microglia/macrophages, whereas GRP94 may stabilize the astroglial cytoskeleton and participate in astroglial antioxidant mechanisms. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Voltage‐dependent potassium currents in hypertrophied rat astrocytes after a cortical stab wound
Authors: Anděrová Miroslava , Antonova Tatiana , Petřík David , Neprašová Helena , Chvátal Alexandr , Syková Eva
Published: June 2004

Changes in the membrane properties of reactive astrocytes in gliotic cortex induced by a stab wound were studied in brain slices of 21–28‐day‐old rats, using the patch‐clamp technique and were correlated with changes in resting extracellular K+ concentration ([K+]e) measured in vivo using K+‐selective microelectrodes. Based on K+ current expression, three types of astrocytes were identified in gliotic cortex: A1 astrocytes expressing a time‐ and voltage‐independent K+ current component and additional inwardly rectifying K+ currents (KIR); A2 astrocytes expressing a time‐ and voltage‐independent K+ current component and additional delayed outwardly rectifying K+ currents (KDR); and complex astrocytes expressing KDR, KIR, and A‐type K+ (KA) currents and Na+ currents (INa). Nestin/bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU)‐negative A1 astrocytes were found further than ∼100 μm from the stab wound and showed an upregulation of KIR currents within the first day post‐injury (PI), correlating with an increased resting [K+]e. Their number declined from 62% of total astrocytes in control rats to 41% in rats at 7 days PI. Nestin/BrdU‐positive A2 astrocytes were found only within a distance of ∼100 μm from the stab wound and, in comparison to those in control rats, showed an upregulation of KDR currents. Their number increased from 8% of the total number of astrocytes in control rats to 39% 7 days PI. Both A1 and A2 astrocytes showed hypertrophied processes and increased GFAP staining, but an examination of cell morphology revealed greater changes in the surface/volume ratio in A2 astrocytes than in A1 astrocytes. Complex astrocytes did not display a hypertophied morphology; KIR currents in these cells were upregulated within 1 day PI, while the KDR, KA, and INa currents were increased only 6 h PI. We conclude that two electrophysiologically, immunohistochemically, and morphologically distinct types of hypertrophied astrocytes are present at the site of a stab wound, depending on the distance from the lesion, and may have different functions in ionic homeostasis and/or regeneration. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Synaptic and extrasynaptic neurotransmitter receptors in glial precursors' quest for identity
Authors: Belachew Shibeshih , Gallo Vittorio
Published: June 2004

It is widely established that neurotransmitter receptors are expressed in non‐neuronal cells, and particularly in neural progenitor cells in the postnatal central nervous system. The functional role of these receptors during development is unclear, but it needs to be revisited now that cells previously considered restricted to glial lineages have been shown to generate neurons. The present review integrates recent advances, to shed new light on how neurotransmitter receptors may, alternatively, serve as excitable mediators of neuron‐glia and neuron‐neuroblast interactions. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.