bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Cultural identity and heteroglossia
Authors: Argenter Joan A.
Published: April 2008

The assumption that language and cultural identity can be identify has been questioned with empirical data. However, an exclusive and excessive static and taxonomic concept of socio-cultural identity, a concept that would be vaguely correlated to linguistic variation, understood—at the same time—as a simple juxtaposition of verbal codes still persists. If we conceive socio-cultural identity not only as a historically determinated result, but at the same time as a process under construction and as a consequence of the agents' reactions before new situations, we must direct our research towards the discovering of the function that several varieties fulfill in the dynamic construction of identities. Members of a community must face the question of heteroglossia in daily life and they do it through the management of some codes and voices produced by individuals and social groups. Such codes and voices, built from available verbal resources and through local communicative practices, express particular identities and social positions, revealing speakers' social identifications and exclusions, securities and conflicts, believes and ideologies.
Identity among bilinguals
Authors: Nelde Peter H.
Published: April 2008

Identity building among speakers of 'lesser used languages' is, in many aspects, incomparable among european minority groups, since many differing research approaches characterize the ethnolinguistic and cultural identities of minorities. In the same way, as contact linguistics by means of the Euromosaic report has revealed, there are several entirely different european language policies within the EU, and as a consequence, the identity of minority speakers has been defined in different ways depending on the nation state concepts of the EU member states. We would like to discuss some internal and external aspects of identity conflicts which can be observed among autochtonous minority members in Europe. It will be shown that these features are of prime importance for the construction of a cultural-linguistic identity within those minority groups who are trying to avoid assimilation through identity building, meanwhile they are trying to be socialized citizens, and accepted by the majority speakers. Can such identity conflicts be overcome by means of effective language planning?
Access to linguistic resources
Authors: Pavlenko Aneta
Published: April 2008

Until recently, sociolinguistic approaches to the study of second language learning focused on the role of language variation and linguistic interaction in the learning process. In the past few years, several scholars argued for the broadening of the scope of sociolinguistic inquiry in SLA. In accordance with this call and with recent developments in the field of sociolinguistics, the present paper examines the issue that remains ignored in mainstream SLA -access to linguistic resources of the second language. It is argued that the L2 learners' and users' linguistic, racial, ethnic, gender, cultural and social identities mediate access to linguistic resources and interactional opportunities in the L2.
socio-communicative function of two discourse markers in Spanish
Authors: Serrano María José
Published: April 2008

In this article I present an analysis of the discourse markers la verdad -’the truth’- and pues -‘well’- in everyday Spanish conversation from a corpus of 32 native speakers selected by random sample from the metropolitan area of Madrid (Spain). Results show that these markers convey coordinative properties during conversation as well as social and expressive meaning. My research indicates that sex is the most salient group factor which may be related to assertiveness and to the expression of causality-opposition in coherence and negotiating options. It is also worth of being remarked that gender is correlated with sociocultural levels (the lower to la verdad and the higher to pues) suggesting that men and women differ in their socio-communicative behaviour and that this would be due to both the social structure of the speech community and the parameters of linguistic interaction.
El portavoz da su palabra
Authors: Villanueva Graciana Vázquez
Published: April 2008

The aim of this paper is to analyze the development of the political character in Alfonso R. Castelao's discourse (Galician nationalist leader in the 30s and 40s, mythical figure for Galician nationalist discourse), in the context of his first years of exile in Argentina (as a consequence of the defeat of the Spanish Republic in the Spanish Civil War), using a specific corpus: the articles he published in the newspaper El Orensano (Buenos Aires, 1944). His role as a spokesman, the discourse action, the verbal marks he uses, become the construction of the political, rational and passionate, ethical and legitimate subject, with whom Castelao institutes a new discourse foundation and a tradition for the Galician nationalism. The statement, a device that constructs meaning, is the basis for our work. El Orensano establishes, in a historical moment of emergency characterized by a struggle against Franco's dictatorship, an ideological knowledge and a particular kind of political characters. The questions are: how does a character appear as a spokesman and a bearer of group values?, how is his language?, which are the components of his discourse to create a community of discourse and, by extension, a political community?, why does this character appear as an example of discourse ethos given that he 'adds' a particular voice, body and tone to his discourse? To analyze the construction of the activist character, concepts as spokesman, community of discourse, and discourse ethos show us how a speaker expresses his voice, body and temper (undissociating these from the determinants that govern them), and they also open ways to analyze the strategic character of ideology and the effectiveness of discourse.
Linguaxe e personalidade
Authors: Siguan Miquel
Published: April 2008

This paper analyses the relationship between language and personality describing some of the main functions language can play, being understood as an instrument for rational knowledge, as a device for social communication, as a means for socialization or as an inner device that let us be conscious of our personal intimacy. Nevertheless, taking into account language functions we can see some descriptive limitations that often determine the interpretative significance of the relationship between language and personality.
Langues minoritaires et espaces publics
Authors: Boudreau Annette , Dubois Lise
Published: April 2008

In New Brunswick, Canada's only officially bilingual province, French and English both vie for dominance on official/formal linguistic markets. In this contact situation, non-standard French varieties have had no place in these markets and have been traditionally relegated to the more informal/private markets. Speakers of these non-standard varieties have long hesitated to speak out on public markets for various reasons. First, the dominant discourse, produced by the press for instance, has systematically denigrated non-standard varieties. Second, the negative image of these varieties projected by the dominant discourse have been interiorised by these speakers who have come to believe that their speech is sub-standard, all the while believing nonetheless that they are French speakers. In recent years, a counterdiscourse has developed in reaction to the ideology of the standard, and new public markets have been created, i.e. community radio stations, where non-standard varieties are accepted, thereby giving new meaning to the concept of linguistic policy.
Confidence in Chabacano
Authors: Forman Michael L.
Published: April 2008

This paper reflects a small set of problems drawn from a 1999 conference concerned with endangerment to Chabacano and held at the Ateneo de Zamboanga, which meetings the author was privileged to attend. Metalinguistic interest there included attention to the Zamboangueño lexicon with respect to origins and orthography. Interest was tilted to the Spanish component away from Philippine sources. Selected difficulties which result are discussed with respect to possible impact on preservation. Concerns raised by contemporary contact with Tagalog have led to proposals for schooling treatment, but questions both unsettled and even not yet addressed about who speaks Zamboangueño and about how Zamboangueño works suggest a need for more descriptive and analytic work. Voice (passive? ergative?) and verb serialization are two exemplifications beyond phonology and orthography of areas needing study. The paper ends with a question about Western history in the labelling of Zamboangueño as Chabacano.
Epistemología, metodología y técnicas del análisis de contenido
Authors: Raigada José Luis Piñuel
Published: April 2008

It is exposed, first, an epistemological review of the analysis of content, as scientific practice in social sciences that studies an object (v.g. a singular communication) for whose representation (scientific and refutable therefore) it is used the selection procedure and analysis of communicative products that belong objectively to that communication that are significant to know it from a theoretical perspective, and that they are valid or pertinent to put on approval the conditions, so much general as matters, for those that these communicative products have been elaborated, or that they can be it, in any communication type similar to the one that has produced them. In second place the method is examined (the procedure rules) that aspires to tie in a valid way the succession of performances that concern to the selection of the corpus, to its segmentation in analysis units and to its exam to elaborate, to register and to treat data of diverse logical orders, thanks to which it is elaborated a speeches able to represent scientifically (or in a refutable way) to the study object that is not the own corpus, but the human practice that has engendered the material object of the analysis: the analyzed communicative product. In third place, the last section exposes the technical alternatives that underlie to any analysis procedure, so much if it is carried out in all its steps by the investigators and analysts, as if it is carried out automatically by the available resources of software, and shortly described following the work of Harald Klein.
¿De onde es?, ¿de quen es?
Authors: Prego-Vázquez Gabriela
Published: April 2008

In this paper I will analyse how traditional Galician naming patterns circulate from discourses produced in traditional networks to the institutional and political speech belonging to the networks that emerge in the process of urbanisation and establishment of a democratic political system in Galicia. Based on the Ethnography of Communication, Interactional Sociolinguistics, Conversational Analysis and Critical Discourse Analysis, I will examine —from a broad interdisciplinary perspective— the social relevance of these discursive practices to the negotiation of local identities. I will observe how politicians, aside from using technical nomination and introduction procedures, characteristic of political jargon, strategically mobilise traditional naming patterns (Prego Vázquez, 2000). Along these lines, I will study how this type of discursive circulation concerns the process of conversationalisation of institutional discourse (Fairclough, 1997) in order to cover the asymmetric interactive relations between institutional representatives and individuals and, in this way, enhance the exercise of persuasion (Prego Vázquez, to appear). The analysis is based on a data corpus collected in Bergantiños (A Coruña): it is composed of haggling in rural markets, regueifas, sung or rhymed verbal challenges in which two individuals face off and, finally, public discourse (political and institutional).
Language shift in Galicia from a socio-linguistic viewpoint
Authors: Neira Modesto A. Rodríguez
Published: April 2008

This study deals with the meaning, intensity and reasons behind language shift in Galicia. Change is taken here to mean a conscious, long-lasting act, involving a considerable degree of self-will, continuance and establishment in new language usage. In order to evaluate the direction of change and the extent to which languages are retained and abandoned, a comparison is made between the “first language” variable (the mother tongue) in 16,273 individuals, who have stated that they have changed language, during their lives, and their normal language usage, in the course of obtaining information. This dimension is supplemented by an analysis of language shift within each generation, according to usages at certain stages in life when this phenomenon is most likely to occur. This study also focuses on the causes behind the change in language, their relationship with the first language and the different groups of speakers. Finally, although this study centres on long-lasting language shift, occasional changes are also dealt with —those more related to the situation in which each language is used— in order to give a more detailed view of the subject matter.
review and synthesis of research on comprehension of the masculine as a generic form in English
Authors: Henley Nancy M. , Abueg Joselito
Published: April 2008

In this article we survey studies providing empirical tests of questions related to the comprehension of masculine generics; these are categorized by experimental paradigm. Findings are aggregated and weighted Stouffer combined tests are performed to assess the probabilities of the findings across studies. The evidence indicates that not only are masculine forms more likely to lead to male-oriented than to other responses, but also that this tendency is strongly evidenced in both children and adults, and that females are more likely than males to interpret masculine forms generically (p .00001 for each combined test). The evidence is mixed on whether sex-neutral or sex-inclusive forms provoke more generic interpretation, but may favor the inclusive forms. Many children, and 10% or more of adults tested, were unable to explain the masculine generic rule satisfactorily. Processing time studies indicate that a male-related response is more cognitively available than other responses following a masculine generic antecedent. Finally, there is a residual tendency to make male-oriented responses regardless of the stimulus.
Models of gay male identity and the marketing of “gay language” in foreign-language phrasebooks for gay men
Authors: Barrett Rusty
Published: April 2008

This paper examines two models that have been used in theoretical discussions of language and sexuality. The two models, the culture-based model and the desire-based model, view the gay community as formed through a shared culture or based solely on sexual desire. The impact of the models in works by Leap (1996) and Kulick (2000) is discussed, and the models are used to demonstrate competing views of gay language found in foreign-language phrasebooks intended for gay men. Strict adherence to either of these models masks the reality of “gay language” and impedes the progress of research into the relationships between language, gender and sexuality.
representation of feminine agency in the political sections of four Spanish newspapers
Authors: Bengoechea Mercedes
Published: April 2008

In this article I present the findings of an analysis of a press sample which comprises the national and international political sections of four of the major daily Spanish newspapers (El País, El Mundo, ABC and La Vanguardia) during a week (1-7 April 2000). The study focuses on the linguistic treatment of women politicians’ agency, and covers four aspects: the representation of women’s political activity; the discursive agency (basically the point of view, and the subject and focus of the clause); the treatment of feminine sexual agency, when this appears in the public sphere; and the discursive handling of sexual harassment to public women. The analysis concludes that the discourse of the political media is still unwilling to textualize women politicians as capable agents, and tends to hide their achievements and represent them by means of stereotypes. Discursively, the point of view is usually that of one of the male protagonists of the news, whereas women are not the active subject, or the focus of the clause.
Geolinguistic patterns of diffusion in a Spanish Region
Authors: Hernández-Campoy Juan Manuel
Published: April 2008

A paradigm whose existence is older than that of the covariation of linguistic and social phenomena is the possible relationship between the regional transmission of linguistic phenomena and geographical factors. Nevertheless, its systematic observation and the application of models from human geography is rather recent and sporadic. In the same way as the Region of Murcia has historically been a transition area of South-eastern Spain where many different cultures and civilizations have met, the Spanish spoken in Murcia is a transition variety, sharing features with Valencian Catalan, Castilian, Aragonese and Andalusian Spanish, and having a traditional characterisation as an eminently non-standard speaking region. With all this in mind, the aim of this article is to show and analyse the relationship between the geolinguistic patterns of diffusion of the standard Castilian Spanish over the Murcian territory and the (increasingly) actual use of standard forms in these traditionally non-standard areas. The real presence or absence of some degree of standardisation as well as its intra-regional variation will reveal to us whether the detected geolinguistic patterns of linguistic uniformisation are applicable to the Region of Murcia.
interdisciplinary perspective on language and gender
Authors: Acuña-Ferreira Virginia , Álvarez-López Sonia
Published: April 2008

Research on language and gender is characterized nowadays by its interdisciplinary nature. The studies included within this field focus on very different aspects and come from disciplines as linguistics, sociolinguistics, social psychology or anthropology. In this monograph of Estudios de Sociolingüística we try to show precisely this diversity of approaches. The articles we present here address the study of this relationship through the analysis of such diverse aspects as the sexist uses of language, talk in interaction, sexuality, mass-media discourse, and women’s and men’s communicative styles at work. In this introduction we present each of the articles in relation to the area of study within they fall, whilst we review briefly the beginnings, development and current state of research on language and gender.
Standardization, functional shift and language change in Basque
Authors: Haddican William
Published: April 2008

This paper presents a quantitative variationist analysis of data collected in sociolinguistic interviews in the Basque town of Oiartzun in an effort to gauge the influence of a generation of language planning eff o rts on the local Basque ve rn a c u l a r. In part i c u l a r, this paper makes the following three claims about these processes. First, the data provide strong apparent-time evidence of change in progress toward standard features. For two morphological variables and one lexical variable, young speakers show significantly lower frequencies of nonstandard forms than middle-aged and older speakers. Second, the changing functional distribution of Basque vs. Spanish in Oiartzun also appears to have had an important impact on younger speakers’ speech. In particular, younger speakers show significantly lower frequencies than older speakers for two informal phonological features. This difference plausibly reflects the fact that younger speakers, unlike their elders, have grown up using Basque in high-register domains –especially schools and the media–where these phonological processes are least common. Third and finally, quantitative variation data together with speake r s ’ metalinguistic comments in sociolinguistic and ethnographic interviews suggests support for Echeverria’s (2000) proposal that masculinity is iconically linked to informal/low-prestige forms through their association with ‘traditional’ rural Basque spheres.
Recent contributions to Estonian sociolinguistics
Authors: Verschik Anna
Published: April 2008

Ülle Rannut (2005). Keelekeskkonna mõju vene õpilaste eesti keele omandamisele ja integratsioonile Eestis [Impact of the language environment on integration and Estonian language acquisition of Russian-speaking children in Estonia] (= Tallinn University Dissertations on Humanities 14). Tallinn: Tallinn University Press. Pp. 215. ISSN 1406-4391. ISBN 9984-48-394-9 (paperback).
Anastassia Zabrodskaja (2005). Vene-eesti koodivahetus Kohtla-Järve vene emakeelega algkoolilastel [Russian-Estonian code-switching among Russian-speaking primary school students in Kohtla-Järve] (= Tallinna Ülikooli eesti filoloogia osakonna toimetised 6). Tallinn: Tallinn University Press. Pp. 150. ISBN 9985-58-403-1 (paperback).
Nocturnal Feeding of Pacific Hake and Jack Mackerel off the Mouth of the Columbia River, 1998‐2004: Implications for Juvenile Salmon Predation
Authors: Emmett Robert L. , Krutzikowsky Gregory K.
Published: April 2008

Predation by piscivorous marine fishes has been hypothesized to be a primary source of marine mortality for Pacific Northwest juvenile salmon. During the springs and summers of 1998‐2004, we collected predator and prey fishes (forage and juvenile salmonids) at the surface at night off the mouth of the Columbia River. Pacific hake Merluccius productus had relatively low percentages of empty stomachs during cool‐ocean years (2000 through 2002) and high percentages during 1998, a warm‐ocean year. Euphausiids and fishes were the most commonly eaten prey for both species. Pacific hake and jack mackerel Trachurus symmetricus appeared to show some diet selectivity, eating some fish, including salmonids, in a higher proportion than found in the environment. Both Pacific hake and jack mackerel ate juvenile salmonids, but at very low amounts. After considering population sizes in the study area, these two predators do not appear to be responsible for the death of large numbers of Columbia River juvenile salmon smolts. However, we may have underestimated the number of salmonids eaten by hake and mackerel due to the limitations of our study. More work needs to be done to identify and quantify predation of juvenile salmon off the Pacific Northwest.
Hepatic Heat Shock Protein 70 and Plasma Cortisol Levels in Rainbow Trout after Tagging with a Passive Integrated Transponder
Authors: Feldhaus Joseph W. , Heppell Scott A. , Mesa Matthew G. , Li Hiram
Published: April 2008

This study examined the potentially stressful effects of tagging juvenile rainbow troutOncorhynchus mykisswith passive integrated transponder (PIT) tags by measuring short‐term (<120‐h) changes in plasma concentrations of cortisol and hepatic heat shock protein 70 (hsp70). In a laboratory experiment, plasma cortisol levels were measured in fish before they were tagged (0 h) and at 2, 6, 24, and 120 h after being tagged. Hepatic hsp70 levels were measured at 0, 24, and 120 h. All results were compared with those for fish that were handled but not tagged. Plasma cortisol levels were significantly higher in both treatment groups (tagged and handled but not tagged) at 2 h than in the pretreatment groups (0 h). Plasma cortisol levels in the treatment groups returned to near pretreatment levels by 6 h. However, there was a significant difference in plasma cortisol levels between treatment groups at 6 h. There were no significant differences in hepatic hsp70 levels among the two treatment groups, and hepatic hsp70 levels did not change through time. Our results suggest that PIT tagging is a low‐impact tagging procedure for juvenile salmonids.
Modeling Stream Fish Assemblages with Niche Apportionment Models: Patterns, Processes, and Scale Dependence
Authors: Higgins Christopher L. , Strauss Richard E.
Published: April 2008

Understanding patterns in terms of the mechanistic processes that produce them is the essence of ecology. However, many studies merely document nonrandom patterns of species coexistence without providing insight into the structuring mechanisms and their scale dependence. Moreover, few studies address the mechanisms driving functional diversity. The objectives of this study were to document empirical patterns of species coexistence within stream fish assemblages across a broad geographic region, addressing both the functional and taxonomic organization of those assemblages, and to determine whether the structuring mechanisms are scale dependent. We gathered data from a report published by the Texas Parks and Wildlife Department that provided empirical species abundance distributions for 62 assemblages from 7 ecoregions and 18 river basins. For each assemblage, we simulated expected species abundances using five previously published models of niche apportionment. These models generate relative abundances in proportion to niche breadth and are constrained to maintain observed species richness, but they do not include information on species identity. These models included four stochastic variants of a geometric series (dominance preemption, random fraction, broken stick, and dominance decay) in which species abundances relate directly to niche breadth and one model (random assortment) in which abundances are independent of niche partitioning altogether. To assess scale dependence, we repeated the analyses after pooling assemblages by ecoregion, river basin, and the entire state. The patterns of niche apportionment for assemblages pooled according to river basin are more consistent with local assemblages than with assemblages pooled according to ecoregions or the entire state. These results suggest that niche apportionment plays a crucial role in structuring stream fish assemblages and that functional groups divide niche space more evenly than do species.
Alianças e coalizões internacionais do governo Lula: o Ibas e o G-20
Authors: Oliveira Marcelo Fernandes de
Published: April 2008

O objetivo deste artigo é demonstrar que o protagonismo internacional do governo Lula busca ressuscitar a questão do desenvolvimento tendo como base tanto o regionalismo, quanto a recuperação da clivagem Norte/Sul na política internacional em benefício das novas demandas dos países em desenvolvimento. Baseado nessa constatação, indagamos se as estratégias internacionais e o diálogo Sul-Sul presente na retórica e na ação da política externa do governo Lula representam alianças duradouras ou coalizões efêmeras nas relações internacionais contemporâneas entre os países em desenvolvimento e menor desenvolvidos.
China: a ascensão pacífica da Ásia Oriental
Authors: Pinto Paulo Antônio Pereira
Published: April 2008

A China tem procurado associar sua emergência econômica e política atual a um processo de paz que beneficiaria os países vizinhos e relações com o exterior. Busca, também, identificar a Ásia Oriental como o espaço regional que favorece sua ascensão. Nesse sentido, resgata experiência histórica de relacionamento com o Sudeste Asiático que segundo Pequim teria sido pacífica e justificaria a expectativa de que a China rise, no século XXI, não representaria ameaça. Tal desenvolvimento coincide com esforço dos países membros da Asean para maior integração com a RPC.
As relações Colômbia, países vizinhos e Estados Unidos: visões em torno da agenda de segurança
Authors: Villa Rafael Duarte , Ostos Maria del Pilar
Published: April 2008

Este artigo trabalha a tese de que a agenda de segurança dos EUA para Colômbia, que adquire expressão concreta em mecanismos como o Plano Colômbia e a Iniciativa Regional Andina, continuará sendo o eixo central da política de segurança na região sul-americana. No entanto, a noção de segurança que têm em mente os decisions makers dos EUA no caso colombiano reflete uma visão nas percepções de ameaças na que se misturam fortemente elementos novos ("as novas ameaças"), como o tráfico de drogas e fatores clássicos.
Uma nova 'arquitetura' diplomática? - Interpretações divergentes sobre a política externa do governo Lula (2003-2006)
Authors: Almeida Paulo Roberto de
Published: April 2008

Levantamento bibliográfico e discussão das principais linhas argumentativas em torno da diplomacia do governo Lula, com base em três categorias de autores: as "vozes autorizadas", os "aliados benevolentes" e os "independentes ou críticos". Para cada um desses grupos são identificados os principais temas destacados pelos autores e referenciados os títulos mais importantes na bibliografia de referência.
Revisitando a Escola Inglesa
Authors: Saraiva José Flávio Sombra
Published: April 2008

Neste artigo se tem como objetivo avaliar criticamente a evolução recente da Escola Inglesa das Relações Internacionais, procurando situá-la no espectro mais amplo do debate interparadigmático da disciplina.
Mundos pequenos, produção acadêmica e grafos de colaboração: um estudo de caso dos Enanpads
Authors: Braga Mauro Joaquim da Costa , Gomes Luiz Flavio Autran Monteiro , Ruediger Marco Aurélio
Published: April 2008

Utilizando a base de dados dos trabalhos publicados nos Enanpads realizados em 2002-04, este artigo focaliza a área de administração da informação para realizar um estudo exploratório sobre a formação de padrões nas estruturas de disseminação do conhecimento acadêmico no Brasil, apoiado nos conceitos oriundos da análise das redes sociais e conjugados com a base proveniente da teoria dos grafos e em recursos computacionais. Procurou-se mapear os fluxos de informações que possibilitam as trocas de conhecimento através das ligações existentes no meio acadêmico. Os resultados indicam a necessidade de ampliar e estreitar os laços entre os autores, notadamente os que possuem algum grau de centralidade local, no intuito de obter o fortalecimento das instituições de ensino, de forma a quebrar as resistências à produção conjunta entre elas, em detrimento do padrão de reprodução endógena detectado.
Compatibilidade de Dicyma pulvinata com defensivos agrícolas e eficiência do biocontrole do mal-das-folhas da seringueira em campo
Authors: Melo Débora Ferreira , Mello Sueli Corrêa Marques de , Mattos Carlos Raimundo Reis , Cardoso Saulo Emilio Almeida
Published: April 2008

O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar quatro isolados do fungo antagonista Dicyma pulvinata quanto à compatibilidade com defensivos agrícolas e adjuvantes, e a eficiência desses isolados no controle do mal-das-folhas (Microcyclus ulei) da seringueira (Hevea sp.) em campo. A compatibilidade dos isolados com defensivos e adjuvantes foi avaliada com base no crescimento micelial e na esporulação do fungo, em testes conduzidos in vitro. Para avaliação da eficiência do antagonista contra M. ulei, em campo, os quatros isolados do antagonista foram comparados ao controle exercido pelo tratamento com os fungicidas propiconazol + mancozeb. Os ensaios conduzidos em laboratório indicaram a incompatibilidade de D. pulvinata com os fungicidas benomyl, carbendazim, mancozeb, propiconazol e, ainda, com o inseticida acaricida endosulfan. Dois dos adjuvantes testados (Tween 20 e Tween 80) não afetaram o desenvolvimento do fungo. Foi comprovada a ação do antagonista D. pulvinata sobre M. ulei, em campo, com destaque para os isolados CEN 62 e CEN 93, que apresentaram eficiência de controle semelhante ao tratamento fungicida padrão.
Allohexaploid pearl millet x elephantgrass population potential for a recurrent selection program
Authors: Reis Matheus Costa dos , Sobrinho Fausto Souza , Ramalho Magno Antônio Patto , Ferreira Daniel Furtado , Ledo Francisco José Silva , Pereira Antônio Vander
Published: April 2008

The objective of this work was to evaluate the potential of allohexaploid pearl millet x elephantgrass (HGL) population for a recurrent selection program through open-pollinated progenies. Seventy-eight progenies, one representative sample of the population, and two commercial cultivars, Pioneiro and Paraíso, were evaluated in a 9x9 triple lattice design, in two sites. Plant height and dry matter yield were evaluated in three and four cuts, respectively. For plant height, the 17 best progenies were similar to both commercial controls, while for dry matter yield they were higher than 'Paraíso' and lower than 'Pioneiro'. The correlation between progenies and cuts indicated that the fourth cut represents the mean of all cuts, and the possibility of using early selection. Heritability estimates considering cuts and sites were 56.9% for plant height and 58.8% for dry matter yield, and the expected response to selection was 23.4% for dry matter yield and 18.1% for plant height. These results demonstrate the promising HGL population potential for a recurrent selection program.
Digestibilidade aparente de dietas práticas com diferentes relações energia: proteína em juvenis de pirarucu
Authors: Ono Eduardo Akifumi , Nunes Érica da Silva Santiago , Cedano Jimmy Carlos Campos , Pereira Filho Manoel , Roubach Rodrigo
Published: April 2008

O objetivo deste trabalho foi determinar a digestibilidade aparente de nutrientes e energia de dietas para juvenis de pirarucu, Arapaima gigas. Foram testadas oito dietas, contendo quatro relações energia:proteína (11, 10,1, 9, 8 kcal energia digestível por grama de proteína bruta) e duas fontes de energia não-protéica (óleo de soja e gordura de aves), em esquema fatorial 4x2, com três repetições. Foram estocados 240 juvenis de pirarucu com peso de 96,8±2,3 g, distribuídos em 24 tanques cilíndricos com fundo cônico, adaptados para a coleta de fezes (sistema Guelph modificado). Os peixes foram alimentados duas vezes ao dia até a saciedade aparente com as dietas experimentais contendo 0,5% de óxido de cromo, como marcador inerte para determinação dos coeficientes de digestibilidade aparente. As dietas com a relação energia:proteína de 9 kcal energia digestível por grama de proteína bruta apresentaram os menores coeficientes de digestibilidade aparente da matéria seca, proteína bruta e extrativo não nitrogenado. O maior coeficiente de digestibilidade aparente da gordura foi obtido com o uso do óleo de soja. A relação energia:proteína na dieta influencia os coeficientes de digestibilidade aparente dos macronutrientes e energia no pirarucu.
Atributos físicos do solo e produtividade de milho em resposta a culturas de pré-safra
Authors: Sousa Neto Eurico Lucas de , Andrioli Itamar , Beutler Amauri Nelson , Centurion José Frederico
Published: April 2008

O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar os atributos físicos de um Latossolo Vermelho distrófico argiloso e a produtividade de milho em sistemas de manejo que incluem plantas de cobertura cultivadas em pré-safra (setembro a novembro). Foram utilizadas, durante quatro anos, as seguintes plantas de cobertura: crotalária (Crotalaria juncea); milheto (Pennisetum americanum sin. tiphoydes); lab-lab (Dolichus lablab) em sistema de semeadura direta; e pousio cultivado em sistema de preparo convencional, antecedendo o cultivo de milho. O delineamento experimental foi de blocos ao acaso com parcelas subdivididas e quatro repetições. Amostras de solo indeformadas foram coletadas para determinações físicas e avaliou-se a produtividade de milho em área de 22,5 m². As plantas de cobertura no sistema de semeadura direta promoveram maior estabilidade de agregados e maior densidade do solo na camada superficial, sem alteração do conteúdo de água disponível às plantas. A utilização de lab-lab, em pré-safra, promoveu a menor produtividade de milho. A utilização de plantas de cobertura em pré-safra no sistema de semeadura direta de milho é viável no Estado de São Paulo.
Apparent digestibility of ingredients in diets for Salminus brasiliensis
Authors: Braga Luís Gustavo Tavares , Borghesi Ricardo , Cyrino José Eurico Possebon
Published: April 2008

The objective of this work was to determine the nutritional value of different protein sources for "dourado" (Salminus brasiliensis). Thirty juveniles per group (33.51±1.4 g) were hand fed on a reference diet (70%) added of tested ingredients (30%) and chromium oxide III (0.1%). Apparent digestibility coefficients of the gross energy (ADC GE), crude protein (ADC CP) and amino acids of the tested ingredients were evaluated. Corn gluten meal yielded the best results for ADC GE and ADC CP (95.7 and 96.9%, respectively) amongst plant ingredients. Spray-dried blood meal yielded the best values of ADC GE and ADC CP amongst animal ingredients (94.1 and 96.3%, respectively). Wheat bran yielded poorest ADCs coefficients (77 for ADC GE and 88.2% for ADC CP).
Latex production with depolymerizing compounds of actin cytoskeleton in rubber trees
Authors: Zheng-Quan Gao , Chun-Xiao Meng , Nai-Hao Ye
Published: April 2008

The objective of this work was to assess stimulated latex flow from rubber trees (Hevea brasiliensis) with saturated macrolide (latrunculin A), 1, 5, and 10% potassium iodide in 2% methylcellulose compared with 0.3% ethylene in 2% methylcellulose (check) and 2% methylcellulose (blank). Latex output and contents of pure rubber, total solid, sucrose, inorganic phosphorus, thiol, and Mg2+ were measured. The treatments containing 1% KI or saturated macrolide increased latex yields compared to the blank with 2% methylcellulose alone. The 1% KI or saturated macrolide treatments were equal to that of 0.3% ethylene check treatment. However, 5 and 10% KI were harmful to bark of rubber trees, even caused prolonged tapping panel dryness.
Utilização de penas de galinha para produção de queratinase por Aspergillus carbonarius
Authors: Sales Marilia Ribeiro , Cavalcanti Maria Taciana Holanda , Lima Filho José Luiz de , Motta Cristina Maria de Souza , Porto Ana Lúcia Figueiredo
Published: April 2008

O objetivo deste trabalho foi estudar a produção de queratinase por Aspergillus carbonarius URM 1546, tendo-se como substrato penas de galinha, por meio de planejamento fatorial completo 2³. Todos os parâmetros estudados e as interações de segunda ordem foram estatisticamente significativos. A maior atividade queratinolítica (48,9 U mL-1) foi obtida com 120 rpm, 0,5% (p/v) de penas de galinha e sete dias de cultivo.
Produtividade agregada brasileira (1970-2000): declínio robusto e fraca recuperação
Authors: Ferreira Pedro Cavalcanti , Ellery Jr Roberto , Gomes Victor
Published: April 2008

Este artigo discute o comportamento da Produtividade Total dos Fatores (PTF) no Brasil entre 1970 e 1998. É feita uma análise de quanto da queda da PTF pode ser explicado a partir de mudanças na forma tradicional de cálculo desta variável. Entre as variações serão consideradas: utilização da capacidade instalada, modificações no uso do capital, mensuração do capital por meio do consumo de eletricidade, distorções no preço relativo, capital humano e investimento específico à determinada tecnologia. O único caso no qual a PTF apresenta uma modificação em seu comportamento é o de correção de distorções no preço relativo, em que a PTF se recupera mais rapidamente.
O custo de bem-estar da inflação: cálculo tentativo com o uso de um modelo de equilíbrio geral
Authors: Rossi José W.
Published: April 2008

O custo de bem-estar da inflação tem sido calculado usando-se basicamente dois tipos de abordagem: o do Equilíbrio Parcial e do Equilíbrio Geral. Apesar da abordagem do Equilíbrio Geral ser considerada analiticamente superior e que em alguns casos produz valores maiores do que com o uso da análise de Equilíbrio Parcial - por exemplo, Dotsey e Ireland (1996) para os Estados Unidos e Yoshino (2002) para o Brasil - há também vários exemplos nos quais são comparáveis os resultados com os dois procedimentos metodológicos - ver, por exemplo, Rossi (2003) com Equilíbrio Parcial contra Polato e Fava e Rocha (2003), com Equilíbrio Geral, ambos os estudos com aplicação ao caso brasileiro. A abordagem de Equilíbrio Geral deste estudo segue o procedimento metodológico de Abel (1997) e contempla certos aspectos não levados em conta em aplicações anteriores para o Brasil. Mais precisamente, o papel que a inflação tem no bem-estar do indivíduo em vista de a tributação incidir sobre os valores nominais, ao invés de valores reais, dos seus rendimentos.
Ação de inseticidas naturais no controle de Spodoptera frugiperda (J.E. Smith, 1797) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) em milho cultivado em agroecossistema de várzea
Authors: Lima José Farid Maia , Grützmacher Anderson Dionei , Cunha Uemerson Silva da , Porto Marilda Pereira , Martins José Francisco da Silva , Dalmazo Gabriel Olle
Published: April 2008

Estudou-se a eficiência de inseticidas naturais no controle de Spodoptera frugiperda (J.E. Smith, 1797) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), na cultura do milho em agroecossistema de várzea, sob infestação natural. O experimento foi conduzido a campo na área experimental da Embrapa Clima Temperado - Estação Experimental Terras Baixas, no ano agrícola 2005/2006. O delineamento experimental foi de blocos ao acaso em esquema fatorial (9x2), com 9 tratamentos: T1- NeemAzal-T/S (0,25%); T2- NeemAzal-T/S (0,5%); T3- Rotenat CE (0,5%); T4- Natuneem agrícola (0,5%); T5- Rotenat CE + Natuneem agrícola (0,25+0,25%); T6- Dalneem emulsionável (0,5%); T7- Organic neem (0,5%); T8- Match CE (0,1%) (padrão) e T9- Água (testemunha) com duas épocas de semeadura e quatro repetições. Realizaram-se três aplicações dos tratamentos por época, determinando-se a porcentagem de plantas atacadas oito dias após cada aplicação e o rendimento de grãos em kg ha-1. Obteve-se diferença significativa no controle da lagarta-do-cartucho entre épocas de semeadura com maior eficiência de controle para a primeira época, destacando-se dentre os inseticidas naturais o NeemAzal-T/S (0,5%) e o Dalneem emulsionável (0,5%), com grande potencial de uso em semeaduras realizadas no mês de novembro. O rendimento de grãos entre épocas não diferiu estatisticamente, destacando-se dentre os inseticidas naturais o NeemAzal - T/S a 0,5%, tornando-se uma alternativa no controle da S. frugiperda. Há uma correlação negativa e significativa entre plantas atacadas e rendimento de grãos em kg ha-1, com maior potencial de controle para a primeira época de semeadura.
Produção de frutos e incidência de cancro cítrico em laranjeiras "Monte Parnaso" enxertadas sobre sete porta-enxertos
Authors: Reis Bernadete , Koller Otto Carlos , Schwarz Sergio Francisco , Theisen Sergiomar , Sartori Ivar Antônio , Nichele Fernanda Severo , Lorscheiter Rafael , Petry Henrique Belmonte
Published: April 2008

Porta-enxertos de citros podem exercer influência sobre a produção de frutos e suscetibilidade das plantas ao cancro cítrico. Este trabalho objetivou selecionar porta-enxertos que induzam elevado índice de produtividade e menor suscetibilidade das copas de laranjeiras-de-umbigo "Monte Parnaso"(Citrus sinensis) à bactéria Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. citri, causadora do cancro cítrico (CC). O experimento foi desenvolvido em um pomar experimental com 10 anos de idade, plantado em espaçamento de 2,5 x 6,0m, no município de Butiá, no Estado do Rio Grande do Sul. O delineamento experimental foi em blocos ao acaso, com sete tratamentos e quatro repetições, usando duas plantas por parcela. Os tratamentos constaram dos seguintes porta-enxertos: limoeiros "Cravo" (C. limonia) e "Volkameriano" (C. volkameriana.), trifoliata "Flying Dragon" (Poncirus trifoliata.), laranjeira "Caipira" (C. sinensis), citrangeiro "Troyer" (C. sinensis x P. trifoliata), tangerineira "Sunki" (C. sunki.) e citrumeleiro "Swingle" (C. paradisi x P. trifoliata). Os parâmetros avaliados foram: incidência de CC em folhas e frutos em toda a planta e em ramos previamente selecionados, em diversas épocas. Verificou-se que as plantas enxertadas sobre citrumeleiro "Swingle" apresentaram o maior índice de produtividade e, à semelhança do "Flying Dragon", a menor incidência de CC, tanto nas folhas como nos frutos. Além disso, verificou-se também que as plantas enxertadas sobre os limoeiros "Cravo" e "Volkameriana", apesar de produzirem as mais elevadas cargas de frutos, foram as mais suscetíveis ao CC.
Regiões homogêneas e tamanho de amostra para atributos do clima no Estado de São Paulo, Brasil
Authors: Martin Thomas Newton , Dourado Neto Durval , Storck Lindolfo , Burauel Peter , Santos Eduardo Alvarez
Published: April 2008

Os objetivos deste trabalho foram demarcar regiões homogêneas e estimar o número de anos de avaliações para as variáveis insolação, radiação solar global e radiação fotossinteticamente ativa para o Estado de São Paulo. Utilizaram-se dados da média mensal de insolação, radiação solar e radiação fotossinteticamente ativa de 18 locais do Estado de São Paulo. A homogeneidade das variâncias entre os meses do ano para os 18 locais (variabilidade temporal) e a homogeneidade das variâncias entre os locais em cada mês (variabilidade espacial) foram testadas pelo teste de homogeneidade de Bartlett. Estimou-se o tamanho de amostra para cada local durante o ano. Como resultados há variabilidade temporal e espacial para as estimativas de insolação, radiação solar e radiação fotossinteticamente ativa para os 18 municípios avaliados. Além disso, a variabilidade do tamanho de amostra para a insolação, radiação solar e radiação fotossinteticamente ativa depende do local e da época do ano no Estado de São Paulo.
Variabilidade espacial das frações granulométricas e da salinidade em um Neossolo Flúvico do semi-árido
Authors: Souza Edivan Rodrigues de , Montenegro Abelardo Antônio de Assunção , Montenegro Suzana Maria Gico Lima , Santos Thaís Emanuelle Monteiro dos , Andrade Tafnes da Silva , Pedrosa Elvira Régis
Published: April 2008

A análise dos atributos físicos e da salinidade de solos em áreas irrigadas é de extrema importância para elaboração e implantação de propostas de manejo. Com o objetivo de avaliar a dependência espacial das frações granulométricas e da condutividade elétrica do extrato de saturação, foi desenvolvido um estudo em área aluvial irrigada no semi-árido de Pernambuco, em que se adotou uma malha regular de 5 x 5m, correspondendo a um total de 98 pontos amostrais, e foram coletadas amostras de solo na profundidade de 0-20cm. As variáveis foram submetidas à análise estatística clássica, seguida de análise geoestatística. A variabilidade dos dados foi classificada como média para todas as variáveis estudadas, com coeficientes de variação respectivamente de 26,08; 14,81; 16,01 e 28,00% para areia, argila, silte e condutividade elétrica do extrato de saturação. A dependência espacial foi considerada alta para as frações granulométricas e moderada para a condutividade elétrica, com alcances de 56, 50, 55 e 35m, respectivamente. A condutividade elétrica está fortemente correlacionada espacialmente com o teor de silte, apresentando alcance de 52m para o semivariograma cruzado. Os resultados ressaltam a importância da fração silte na distribuição espacial da salinidade, bem como na relevância para o manejo racional do solo estudado.