bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Health Service Quality and its Relationship to Team Collaboration and Communication during the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Šimec Mateja , Krsnik Sabina , Erjavec Karmen
Published: May 2023

BACKGROUND: In the search for innovative methods to improve the quality and efficiency of health services, integrated clinical pathways (ICPs) have been introduced. AIM: As there is a gap in research on ICP efficiency, the aim of the study was to investigate the role and impact of collaboration and communication among three interprofessional ICP teams on the self-assessment of efficiency of ICPs. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted using a descriptive quantitative with a survey (N = 152) and qualitative methods with a focus group (N = 27) and in-depth interviews (N = 22) in a typical general hospital in Slovenia. RESULTS: The results showed that health care professionals found patient health care and the work of health care professionals’ better quality with ICP than without ICP. The ICPs team members assessed communication, cooperation and effectiveness in the ICP team as relatively good but identified the lack of staff as the main reason for their limitations. The impact of ICP team collaboration and communication on ICP safety exists but it does not explain a sufficient proportion of the variance and the corelation is medium strong. The result also revealed that the Covid-19 pandemic did not primarily affect ICP team members' fear of possible infection, as studies have shown in the first wave of the Covid-19 pandemic, but rather staff shortages leading to increased fear of errors and possible complaints and lawsuits from patients and relatives. CONCLUSION: Measures are needed for the additional employment of team members and the retention of current staff through financial compensation and the promotion of supportive workplace characteristics.
Giant cell tumor of the patellar tendon sheath in childhood: case report
Authors: Skarentzos Konstantinos , Panteli Dimitra , Moustafa Reichan Molla , Tottas Stylianos , Kougioumtzis Ioannis E. , Drosos Georgios I.
Published: May 2023

The aim of this study was to report a rare case of a giant cell tumor of the patellar tendon sheath. This indicates the diagnostic procedures and treatment options for giant cell tumors of the patellar tendon. This study reported a case of a 13-year-old male patient with a giant cell tumor of the tendon sheath. In our case, open arthrotomy was performed with complete surgical excision of the lesion. Histopathological examination revealed a giant cell tumor. At the last follow-up, 2 years after surgery, no complications were reported. The giant cell tumor of the patellar tendon sheath is an uncommon benign tumor. It mimics common knee symptoms. A differential diagnosis is definitely a challenge. Available operation approaches have demonstrated similar results, which lead to symptom relief and a low recurrence rate.
Comparative evaluation of fracture resistance and failure modes in endodontically treated molars restored with zirconia endocrown and onlays
Authors: Amjadi Mehrak , Heidari Soolmaz , Jafari Maryam , Jabbari Amin
Published: May 2023

Introduction: Developments in dental materials, CAD/CAM technologies and adhesive dentistry have improved the application of conservative restorations such as endocrowns and onlays. Among ceramics, zirconia has properties such as high strength, transformation toughening, chemical and structural durability, and biocompatibility, which enable zirconia to be used in the posterior area.

Aim: This study is a comparative evaluation of fracture resistance and failure modes in endodontically treated molars restored with zirconia endocrown and onlays.

Materials and methods: This study was performed on 20 human mandibular first molars with similar dimensions. After root canal treatment, the samples were divided into two groups: endocrowns and onlays (n=10). Restorations were made using a CAD-CAM milling machine with zirconia CAD blocks and, after cementation, subjected to 10,000 thermocycling and 500,000 fatigue cycle procedures, respectively. Each specimen was placed on a Universal Testing Machine and subjected to axial compressive force applied at a crosshead speed of 0.5 mm/min. The mean loads of failure of each group were statistically compared using the Student t-test. Chi-square tests were used to compare frequencies of failure modes among groups.

Results: Fracture resistance showed a statistically significant difference between endocrown (5374.6810±670.03445 N) and onlay (3312.5000±804.01428 N) (p<0.001). No statistically significant difference was detected in the distribution of failure types among the groups (p>0.05).

Conclusions: The fracture resistance of endocrown is substantially higher than that of onlay, and failure type does not differ in both restorations. Zirconia is a reliable material to use in conservative restorations.
Arterial sleeve lobectomy for lung cancer invading chest wall
Authors: Kiełbowski Kajetan , Ostrowski Piotr , Kubisa Michał , Pieróg Jarosław , Wójcik Janusz , Kubisa Bartosz
Published: May 2023

Lung cancer is a leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide. Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is a predominant subtype and treatment may include immunotherapy, radiotherapy, chemotherapy, and surgery. Tumors of bigger size infiltrating large bronchi and vessels require more invasive resection such as pneumonectomy. To save lung parenchyma, sleeve lobectomy can be performed in certain patients.

We report the case of a patient with NSCLC infiltrating the chest wall who underwent arterial sleeve lobectomy with rib resection. Furthermore, we discuss other surgical treatment strategies.

A 58-year-old female patient was admitted to the hospital in 2020 with pain in her left posterolateral chest. Radiological imaging revealed a tumor (5.0×3.5×4.8 cm) in the top of the left lung, infiltrating pulmonary artery and ribs. Therefore, left upper sleeve lobectomy together with resection of rib blocks II to V was performed. The surgery was uncomplicated, but a few weeks postoperatively, the patient experienced repeated episodes of consciousness disturbances. Contrast CT revealed a cerebral malformation in the patient who died 3.5 months after surgery.

Sleeve lobectomy can be safely performed in patients with lung tumors infiltrating larger bronchi and vessels who would not tolerate pneumonectomy.
Description of the advertisement call of Boulenophrys nanlingensis (Anura, Megophryidae), with a case of individual identification using its dorsum pattern
Authors: Qian Tianyu , Deng Guoxing , Li Yonghui , Yang Daode
Published: May 2023

We describe the advertisement call of the Nanling horned frog, Boulenophrys nanlingensis for the first time, based on recordings obtained from four individuals. One of these individuals, which was identified using its dorsum pattern, was recorded twice after nine months. Distinct shifts in the temporal parameters and call rate were observed from calls of the re-captured individual, which was suspected to be related to temperature and social context. However, due to the limited sample size, further research is needed to confirm these findings. We highlight the potential of mark-recapture method using dorsum pattern for studying and monitoring the Nanling horned frog and other megophyinid frogs.
First record of Rhizomatophora aegopodioides (Apiaceae) in Italy
Authors: Pennesi Riccardo , Cunto Emilia , Ballelli Sandro
Published: May 2023

The occurrence of Rhizomatophora aegopodioides, a species distributed in the Balkan Peninsula, Greece, southern Caucasus, Turkey and southern Russia, is reported here for the first time in Italy. It was discovered in Calabria (southern Italy) in the Argentino River Valley and along the Abatemarco River (municipality of Cosenza), localities partly included within the Pollino National Park. Information about taxonomy, nomenclature, habitat, phytosociology and distribution of this species in Italy are provided.
Claustra
Authors: Barat Orliaguet Charlotte
Published: May 2023

Les mouvements à l’œuvre dans la thérapie analytique d’une jeune adolescente présentant une brutale décompensation symptomatique d’anorexie mentale pendant le confinement, illustrent les ressorts de l’enfermement psychique de cette pathologie : lutte contre les excitations, répression des affects et entrave à l’élaboration fantasmatique, à l’image d’un corps gelé dans son développement psychosexuel. C’est en appui sur la dynamique transférentielle réactualisant perceptions et éprouvés que l’activité de représentation peut se déployer de nouveau.
Le retrait social entre deux cultures
Authors: Tajan Nicolas
Published: May 2023

L’étude de cas d’une adolescente en retrait social ( hikikomori ) incluant des entretiens avec les parents est présentée. L’entretien de formulation culturelle (EFC – version informant ) ainsi que la grille d’entretien sur les récits de maladie de l’université de McGill (McGill Illness Narrative Interview – MINI) sont utilisés. L’auteur souligne la nécessité de prise en charge précoce, via des visites à domicile, et insiste sur le sentiment d’abandon des jeunes et de leurs parents.
Le juge administratif et le corps de l’étranger
Authors: Klausser Nicolas
Published: May 2023

Le droit au séjour pour raisons médicales, comme les dispositions qui protègent les mineurs étrangers isolés, induisent une « biopolitique » de contrôle des flux migratoires. Dans ces affaires où il est question de contrôle des corps, le contentieux administratif révèle une propension des juges, lorsqu’il s’agit des personnes étrangères, à exercer directement leur « biopouvoir » en effectuant leur propre évaluation médicale, sans être éclairés par une expertise.
Compassion Fatigue Education: What Is Available Online for Nurses? A Consumer Website Review
Authors: Yee Angela
Published: May 2023

Background:

Nurses have been identified as the most vulnerable health care profession to experience compassion fatigue. Currently, not much is known about the availability and credibility of online compassion fatigue resources for nurses. This systematic review of consumer websites explores the prevalence and quality of compassion fatigue educational resources available online to nurses.

Method:

A descriptive, cross-sectional, nonexperimental design was used. Findings were collected from the websites of the top 20 hospitals in the United States, all professional nursing organizations in the United States, and the top three most used social media platforms. Web-sites were evaluated for quality using the
Journal of the American Medical Association
(
JAMA
) benchmarks and Health on the Net Foundation certification.

Results:

A total of 143 websites were evaluated. Of these, three websites were identified as having the most credible, comprehensive educational resources on compassion fatigue.

Conclusion:

There is a need for more hospitals, professional nursing organizations, and social media websites to provide high-quality compassion fatigue educational resources for nurses.

[
J Contin Educ Nurs.
2023;54(5):216–224.]
An adaptive type-2 fuzzy sliding mode tracking controller for a robotic manipulator
Authors: Zhang Qianqian , Mu Mingye , Ji Heyuan , Wang Qiushi , Wang Xingyu
Published: May 2023

With the wide application of intelligent manufacturing and the development of diversified functions of industrial manipulator, the requirements for the control accuracy and stability of the manipulator servo system are also increasing. The control of industrial manipulator is a time-varying system with nonlinear and strong coupling, which is often affected by uncertain factors, including parameter changing, environmental interference, joint friction and so on. Aiming at the problem of the poor control accuracy of the manipulator. Under the complex disturbance environment, control accuracy of the manipulator will be greatly affected, so this paper proposes an adaptive type-2 fuzzy sliding mode control (AT2FSMC) method applied to the servo control of the industrial manipulator, which realizes the adaptive adjustment of the boundary layer thickness to suppress the trajectory error caused by the external disturbance and weakens the chattering problem of the sliding mode control. The simulation results on a two-axis manipulator indicate that, with the presence of external disturbances, the proposed control method can help the manipulator maintain control signal stability and improve tracking accuracy. It also suppressed chattering produced by sliding mode control (SMC) and strengthening the robustness of the system. Compared with other conventional trajectory tracking control methods, the effectiveness of the proposed method can be reflected. Finally, the proposed method is tested in an actual manipulator to complete a practical trajectory to prove its feasibility.
Numerical investigation of non-transient comparative heat transport mechanism in ternary nanofluid under various physical constraints
Authors: Adnan  , Abbas Waseem , Eldin Sayed M. , Bani-Fwaz Mutasem Z.
Published: May 2023

Significance

The study of non-transient heat transport mechanism in mono nano as well as ternary nanofluids attracts the researchers because of their promising heat transport characteristics. Applications of these fluids spread in industrial and various engineering disciplines more specifically in chemical and applied thermal engineering. Due of huge significance of nanofluids, the study is organized for latest class termed as ternary nanofluids along with induced magnetic field.

Methodology

The model development done via similarity equations and the properties of ternary nanoparticles, resulting in a nonlinear mathematical model. To analyze the physical results with parametric values performed via RKF-45 scheme.

Study findings

The physical results of the model reveal that the velocity $ F{'}\left(\eta \right) $ increased with increasing $ m = 0.1, 0.2, 0.3 $ and $ {\lambda }_{1} = 1.0, 1.2, 1.3 $. However, velocity decreased with increasing $ {\delta }_{1} $. Tangential velocity $ G{'}\left(\eta \right) $ reduces rapidly near the wedge surface and increased with increasing $ {M}_{1} = 1.0, 1.2, 1.3 $. Further, the heat transport in ternary nanofluid was greater than in the hybrid and mono nanofluids. Shear drag and the local thermal gradient increased with increasing $ {\lambda }_{1} $ and these quantities were greatest in the ternary nanofluid.
Image classification of hyperspectral remote sensing using semi-supervised learning algorithm
Authors: Ye Ansheng , Zhou Xiangbing , Weng Kai , Gong Yu , Miao Fang , Zhao Huimin
Published: May 2023

Hyperspectral images contain abundant spectral and spatial information of the surface of the earth, but there are more difficulties in processing, analyzing, and sample-labeling these hyperspectral images. In this paper, local binary pattern (LBP), sparse representation and mixed logistic regression model are introduced to propose a sample labeling method based on neighborhood information and priority classifier discrimination. A new hyperspectral remote sensing image classification method based on texture features and semi-supervised learning is implemented. The LBP is employed to extract features of spatial texture information from remote sensing images and enrich the feature information of samples. The multivariate logistic regression model is used to select the unlabeled samples with the largest amount of information, and the unlabeled samples with neighborhood information and priority classifier discrimination are selected to obtain the pseudo-labeled samples after learning. By making full use of the advantages of sparse representation and mixed logistic regression model, a new classification method based on semi-supervised learning is proposed to effectively achieve accurate classification of hyperspectral images. The data of Indian Pines, Salinas scene and Pavia University are selected to verify the validity of the proposed method. The experiment results have demonstrated that the proposed classification method is able to gain a higher classification accuracy, a stronger timeliness, and the generalization ability.
Pobreza energética y vivienda: una perspectiva de justicia social
Authors: Tirado-Herrero Sergio
Published: May 2023

El acceso equitativo a la energía y a la vivienda es una preocupación básica de la justicia social. A pesar de los numerosos vínculos entre estos dos bienes esenciales, los marcos teóricos de la justicia y la pobreza energética se han referido casi exclusivamente a la cuestión de la vivienda en términos de la eficiencia energética de los edificios residenciales. En respuesta a esta carencia conceptual, se propone la reintegración del factor vivienda en el marco de la justicia y pobreza energética a lo largo de los siguientes tres ejes: dimensiones materiales y temporales; dimensiones políticas; y dimensiones éticas y legales. Como ejemplo empírico de la importancia del nexo vivienda-energía en la práctica de la justicia social, se presenta el caso de dos movimientos sociales surgidos en Barcelona que trabajan con una perspectiva conjunta de derecho a la vivienda y a la energía: la Plataforma de Afectados por la Hipoteca (PAH) y la Aliança contra la Pobresa Energètica (APE). El artículo subraya la importancia de la vivienda y la energía como fundamentos materiales de una vida digna y su naturaleza conflictiva como necesidades esenciales y bienes de mercado.
Técnica, cultura y patrimonio marítimo: la herencia de los carpinteros de ribera del Mediterráneo
Authors: Chaín-Navarro Celia , Sánchez-Baena Juan José , Hoces-García Alberto
Published: May 2023

La profesión de carpintero de ribera, sus técnicas, las herramientas utilizadas, los productos finales: los barcos, así como los conocimientos necesarios para su fabricación forman parte del patrimonio cultural marítimo universal. La construcción en madera es un oficio milenario que está en peligro de desaparición, y con ella uno de los elementos identitarios más importantes de las regiones costeras europeas. La escasa historiografía académica sobre los carpinteros de ribera como protagonistas es el principal motivo de este trabajo, que se adentra en sus raíces, dando a conocer algunos de los aspectos más relevantes que definen e identifican la importancia del tema, como las principales actividades desarrolladas, su contextualización histórica, las técnicas, herramientas y la lengua franca marinera que compartían. Por ello, el fin último es proporcionar una fuente de referencia a quiénes apuesten, tanto de manera teórica como práctica, por la recuperación y la conservación de esta profesión ancestral sobre la que apenas existe información e investigación. Se concluye que la recuperación y gestión de este patrimonio, con vinculaciones amplias con otras actividades relacionadas, puede abrir perspectivas de consolidación patrimonial y económica en espacios marítimos poco desarrollados, ya que puede servir para sentar las bases de un futuro turismo cultural en el que estas técnicas sean protagonistas y sirvan para potenciar la identidad marítima en las regiones litorales.
De la voûte à la Roussillon a la voûte à la notre maniere. La fortuna de la bóveda tabicada en la Francia Ilustrada
Authors: Lluis i Ginovart Josep , Lluis-Teruel Cinta , Gómez-Val Ricardo
Published: May 2023

El mariscal de Belle Isle (1684-1761) construyó el Château Bizy (1741-1743), con voûte à la Roussillon, como también lo hará el Comandante de Espié (1708-1792) en el Hôtel de Espié (1750). Queriendo patentar este sistema para construir cubiertas incombustibles, lo intentó justificar en la Maniere de rendre toutes sortes d'édifices incombustibles (1754). Los intentos para homologarlo en la Académie royale d’architecture (1755) fracasaron, imponiendo sus miembros la notre maniere, cambiando la disposición plana del ladrillo en la calota, a la de canto. La bóveda tabicada tuvo poca fortuna entre los arquitectos ilustrados franceses, pero su utilización será sancionada por los ingenieros militares en la Académie royale des sciences. A parte de las ediciones de la obra de Espié, y mucho antes que en el Cours d'architecture (1777) de Blondel y Patte, la obra será ampliamente difundida por autores de la Orden de la Compañía de Jesús.
L’Europe constitutionnelle : une ou divisée ?
Authors: Nussberger Angelika
Published: May 2023

Le 24 février 2022, la Russie envahissait l’Ukraine, pays géographiquement et historiquement ancré à l’est du continent, mais qui proclama son indépendance du bloc soviétique en 1991 et se rapprocha peu à peu de l’Europe de l’Ouest. C’est dans le contexte brûlant des prémices de cette guerre qu’Angelika Nussberger a prononcé les quatre conférences qui composent ce livre. Au regard de la réception des idées des Lumières, des espoirs de construction d’une « maison commune européenne » (Mikhaïl Gorbatchev) et de la phase de désillusion après 2000, elle explore l’histoire de l’Europe sous l’angle du droit, montre en quoi la diversité non seulement des héritages juridiques – notamment constitutionnels – mais aussi des positions idéologiques peut représenter un obstacle à l’unité de l’Europe, et trace des voies possibles pour un avenir commun.

Alors que le conflit russo-ukrainien cristallise aujourd’hui le clivage Est-Ouest, cet ouvrage éclaire l’actualité en analysant les divergences sur les valeurs fondamentales, à savoir la démocratie, les droits de l’homme et l’État de droit, qui fragilisent les relations entre l’Europe orientale et l’Europe occidentale depuis leur rencontre durant la décennie qui suivit la chute du mur de Berlin.
Lunéville au miroir de Versailles : reflets d’un regard distancié (1698-1737)
Authors: Franz Thierry
Published: May 2023

Dès le xviiie siècle, le château de Lunéville est considéré comme le « Versailles » de la Lorraine, duché alors indépendant de son voisin le royaume de France, auquel il sera officiellement rattaché en 1766, à la mort du dernier duc, Stanislas Leszczyński (1677-1766), ancien roi de Pologne et beau-père de Louis XV. Pourtant, l’étude des chantiers des résidences reconstruites par ses prédécesseurs conduit à nuancer l’idée d’une copie servile du modèle français. Le duc Léopold (1679-1729), formé à la cour impériale à Vienne, et son épouse la duchesse Élisabeth-Charlotte d’Orléans (1676-1744), nièce de Louis XIV qui a grandi à Versailles, ont uni ces références culturelles dans leurs aspirations pratiques, matérialisées dans leurs appartements des palais de Nancy et plus encore de Lunéville. L’architecture et le mobilier mettent en exergue un cérémonial du quotidien élaboré par le duc et la duchesse, comme une symbiose entre les références française et impériale. La préservation de leur vie intime, selon un exemple venu de Vienne, était contrebalancée par une exposition très significative de la personne de la duchesse, en particulier lors de la cérémonie de sa toilette publique, trait distinctif de la culture de cour originale développée en Lorraine au début du xviiie siècle.
Versailles in England: Culture, Commerce and Diplomacy, from Charles II to Louis XVI
Authors: Mansel Philip
Published: May 2023

The English fascination for Versailles and the French court was reflected not only in numerous visits to the palace in France, but also in gardens, architecture, decoration and manners in England. Diplomats, such as Ralph Montagu, later Master of the Great Wardrobe in England, craftsmen such as Daniel Marot, a Huguenot refugee who had worked for Louis XIV, and travellers brought their direct experience of Versailles to England. Particularly in its use of frescoes with monarchical themes and in the prominence and furnishings of the King’s Bedchamber, Versailles was one of the models (although not the only one) for Hampton Court Palace, Boughton and Chatsworth, among other houses. Recent work by Anna Keay, Simon Thurley and others confirms that some rituals and fashions followed at Versailles also influenced the English court: especially under Charles II, the first English king to have a lever and a coucher; William III, who planned his own Trianon beside Hampton Court; and the future George IV, who filled Carlton House with furniture like that at Versailles. The influence of Versailles in England shows the power of court culture to outweigh wars and national rivalries.
A Multi-Faceted Myth: Versailles in the Collective Memories of Europe and Beyond
Authors: Spangler Jonathan
Published: May 2023

This brief afterword pulls together the various strands of the research presented in the chapters of this volume to generate a synthesis of the varieties of experience across Europe (and beyond) of visitors to Versailles in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries. A common theme is that the influence of the myth of Versailles varied greatly from individual to individual, and was re-packaged and re-presented back home usually according to the visitor’s own desires. In other words, there was no one single vision of Versailles. Some made use of their experiences in visiting Versailles to balance their own political affiliations between France and Germany, others to reflect their own status through display of their personal connections there, or to show off their good taste in the objects they collected. Some viewed Versailles as the best embodiment of state authority and moral order, while others saw it as a symbol of the worst excess and decadence. Visitors to Versailles from the United States imported elements of its myth, such as its concern for etiquette and exclusivity of access, and the value of its sheer size and splendour. But in the end, these influences were varied: Americans emulated not just Versailles, but other French palatial residences as well. The myth was perpetuated, but it took on many forms.
Le mythe de Versailles (xviie-xixe siècle)
Authors: Sabatier Gérard
Published: May 2023

Versailles fut pendant les xviiie et xixe siècles le phare de l’Europe des cours. Non un paradigme, mais un mythe, élaboré par des strates successives de visiteurs étrangers, originaires principalement des mondes britanniques et germaniques. Se constitua ainsi un imaginaire fait de déférence envers un style de pouvoir, un mode de sociabilité, une esthétique du cadre de vie, puis peu à peu d’une recherche du temps perdu, nostalgie, ou simple curiosité. Le mythe ne fut pas uniquement construction mentale, il eut des effets concrets. L’instrumentalisation se retrouve dans le costume de cour espagnol comme dans la distribution des appartements palatiaux en Lorraine. Il peut enfin « se retourner », et passer d’une acception à son contraire, du positif au négatif si, comme dans l’exemple italien, on en suit le devenir sur le long terme. Abordé de l’extérieur, le mythe de Versailles fait la preuve de sa grande plasticité.
L’habit à la française en Espagne : le modèle vestimentaire versaillais à la cour de Philippe V
Authors: Giorgi Arianna
Published: May 2023

Pour les Espagnols, le début du xviiie siècle marque l’avènement d’une nouvelle dynastie sur le trône d’Espagne, celle des Bourbons. L’arrivée du duc d’Anjou entraîne un changement dans le cérémonial et l’étiquette de la Maison royale, ainsi que le transfert culturel de l’habit à la française. Interprétée comme une initiation, une assimilation ou même une adoption, la question vestimentaire intéresse depuis des années l’historiographie, qui voit dans le sacre du premier Bourbon un jalon dans la modernisation du fonctionnement et des apparences de la cour espagnole. Cette étude analyse l’arrivée et l’influence de ce modèle vestimentaire à la cour de Philippe V. Le costume versaillais fait polémique et divise la noblesse. En nous appuyant sur les archives royales et nationales espagnoles, nous verrons comment, après l’intronisation du premier Bourbon, cette tenue est devenue un élément déterminant pour accéder au monarque et à ses faveurs. Elle incarnait, à l’instar des usages en vigueur à Versailles, une forme de distinction réservée à une certaine élite au sein du palais.
Un juge activiste ? Les choix du Conseil constitutionnel dans les décisions n° 2023-4 RIP et n° 2023-849 DC du 14 avril 2023
Authors: Bottini Eleonora , Bouaziz Margaux , Hennette-Vauchez Stéphanie
Published: May 2023

Une lecture croisée des deux décisions RIP et DC rendues par le Conseil constitutionnel le 14 avril 2023 dans le cadre de la réforme des retraites fait ressortir son activisme plus que sa retenue. Si le label du « juge activiste » est souvent utilisé pour qualifier l’audace interprétative et le fait de ne pas reculer face à des grandes questions sociales et politiques, il peut aussi décrire un autre aspect du travail du juge, notamment constitutionnel : la distribution des pouvoirs. En exerçant le contrôle de constitutionnalité de la loi, le Conseil constitutionnel contribue en effet à délimiter (et donc, répartir) les pouvoirs des institutions qui prennent part au travail législatif. C’est en ce sens que nous proposons ici de considérer que les deux décisions DC et RIP rendues par le Conseil constitutionnel le 14 avril 2023 dans le cadre de la réforme des retraites dénotent une forme d’“activisme”. Loin de s’en tenir à une intervention neutre ne faisant que confirmer ou répliquer un déséquilibre institutionnel inhérent à la Constitution de 1958, nous soutenons qu’il l’a en réalité aggravé. Lues ensemble, les deux décisions illustrent en effet un double mouvement : d’un côté, l’exécutif est soumis à très peu de contraintes et a les coudées franches pour mener des réformes, quelle que soit leur importance, y compris par des voies parlementaires peu orthodoxes ; de l’autre, l’opposition parlementaire est soumise à des contraintes très fortes pour mener à bien tout projet de RIP.
Thick-film – a mature technology at the cutting edge of advances in the electronics industry
Authors: Berube Gregory M.
Published: May 2023

For decades, thick-film technology has proven to be a dependable, cost-efficient method for highly reliable

electronic circuitry and components. Hybrid microelectronics was the first major application for fired thick-film materials, finding its way into military and aerospace applications, where reliability is paramount. Inner

and outer electrodes for passive components have been another traditional thick-film market. One of the

main advantages of thick film is that it is an additive process, where the various conductor, resistor, and

dielectric pastes are screen-printed and fired or cured in succession to form the circuit. This results in cost-efficient processing for the circuit manufacturer. Patterned screens are relatively easy to manufacture,

allowing for flexibility in circuit design, and screen printing allows for flexibility in feature sizes from

hundreds of microns down to 30 microns or less.

The main drivers in electronics today are miniaturization – higher circuit density, adaptation to new forms

such as 3D and flexible substrates, and ecological factors such as reduced energy consumption, waste

reduction, and reduction in the use of toxic substances (RoHS – REACH). Thick film has evolved to address

these main drivers and due to its reliability, flexibility, and adaptability, The technology has found new

applications. 5G telecommunications utilizes highly conductive silver coatings on signal filters for low

losses. Automobiles have historically used thick film technology in fuel/air sensors, air bag deployment

sensors, and electronic control units (ECUs). Current vehicles have become computers on wheels and have

multiple driver assistance sensors (ADAS), e.g. lane departure warning, blind spot monitoring, automatic

braking, regenerative braking, and fully autonomous driving. Both fired and non-fired thick-film technology

is enabling these developments. Also in the automotive space, applications include thick film heaters for

cabin comfort, heaters keeping ADAS sensors free from frost and snow, and heaters for battery management

systems (BMS) in electric vehicles. Polymer thick-film (PTF) pastes for cured (90 – 250o

1. C) electronic

circuitry on temperature sensitive polymers have also been around for decades, used in membrane touch-switch keypads and similar circuity. Recently, new applications have emerged for PTF in printed electronics,

where the ability to develop flexible, highly durable pastes is enabling new applications in flexible displays,

medical monitoring, and performance enhancement in sports.

As the megatrends continue to drive the advancement in technologies, the versatility, reliability, and

adaptability of thick-film technology is expected to continue to facilitate these advancements. Heraeus

Electronics, with its extensive portfolio of thick-film pastes and matched systems, is primed to support these

advancements.
Design of Wafer Level Solder Seals – A Surface Energy Perspective
Authors: Marinis Thomas F. , Soucy Joseph W.
Published: May 2023

Wafer level vacuum packaging of quartz resonators and microelectromechanical system (MEMS) inertial sensors and RF switches

have been successfully demonstrated by a number of investigators. The majority of these devices were sealed using reflow of gold-tin solder because of its superior hermeticity and benign processing conditions as compared to seals made using glass frit or anodic

bonding. These successes have motivated efforts to integrate multiple sensors and active silicon devices within the same package

to achieve improved performance and further reduce system size and cost. Sealing these large, heterogeneous assemblies at wafer

level presents a more challenging problem than sealing small individual sensors, primarily due to wafer bow and irregularities in

the seal surfaces. Wafer bow has been addressed in sealing wafers of individual sensors by plating metal stops adjacent to the seal

rings, which allow the wafers to be pressed together to flatten the seal areas during bonding. This strategy cannot always be applied

to sealing system devices because the amount of wafer bow is greater than that associated with more uniform wafers of sensors

and the larger area of system devices increase the residual stress on the solder seal. An alternative approach to pressing wafers flat

throughout the bond process would be to relax the force during reflow and allow the solder to bridge the nonplanar interface. We

have used analytical and numerical calculations to investigate the interplay between seal width, height and shape of the seal gap,

and solder volume associated with this bonding strategy. A set of soldering experiments were conducted on test articles that allowed

us to independently vary these parameters to evaluate our model predictions.
Double Sided Integrated GaN Power Module with Double Pulse Test (DPT) Verification
Authors: Sinha Sourish S. , Cheng Tzu-Hsuan , Hopkins Dr. Douglas C.
Published: May 2023

Wide Bandgap devices (WBG) have led to an era of high speed and high voltage operations that were not

previously achievable with silicon devices. However, packaging of these devices in the power module has been

a challenge due to higher switching rates which can cause several amperes of displacement current to flow

through the parasitic capacitance of the package thus impacting the gate driver operation and the switching

ability of the device. The severity of this current increases in thin packaging substrates unlike the traditional

inorganic substrates e.g. DBC and thus a thorough investigation is needed before it can be used with WBG

semiconductors. The objective of this paper is to discuss ways to reduce as well as manipulate the parasitic

capacitance at different locations in the power modules to reduce the magnitude of the peak and RMS value of

the displacement current and have a better gate drive signal and power waveform. To study this, a Double Pulse

Test (DPT) simulation study has been conducted to show how an intelligent distribution of parasitic capacitance

benefits the device functioning. This has been validated through experimental fabrication and DPT of dense

power module following proposed guidelines. A detailed description of the design of a high-speed capable DPT

circuit and measurement setup has been specified to show the steps needed for reliable testing and measurement.
Design to cost Ag free silicon nitride AMB substrate for automotive power module applications
Authors: Mustain Habib , Schwöbel André , Fabian Benjamin , Schnee Daniel , Anton Miric
Published: May 2023

Silver free AMB technology addresses the cost-performance gap between the active metal brazed (AMB)

Si3N4 based metal ceramic substrates (MCS) suitable for automotive applications and the cost-efficient direct

copper bonded (DCB) Al2O3 substrates suitable for applications with lower requirements. The cost-reduction

of the condura®.ultra process is achieved by using a silver free brazing technology combined with an efficient

brazing process. Within this report we will demonstrate the thermal cycling capability, the peel strength of

the condura®.ultra process combined with a design to cost Si3N4 ceramic substrate. Additionally showing

results regarding isolation partial discharge of performance and robustness in thermal resistance

measurements.
A Comprehensive Evaluation of Al Heavy Wire Bonding and Ribbon Bonding Application in high power WBG Power Modules
Authors: Li Yang , Hassan Mustafeez , Wu Yuxuan , Emon Asif Imran , Deng Shiyue , Luo Fang , Deshpande Amol , McKeown Michael
Published: May 2023

Targeting at a comprehensive Multiphysics evaluation for Al wire and ribbon bonding technologies for WBG

power module, this paper investigates and compares the stray inductance, heat dissipation and fatigue life

between these two bonding schemes in an XHP packaging designed in house. During calculation, it was tried

to keep equivalent volume for the Al ribbon when substituting local Al wires for fair comparison. Results of

stray inductance show extremely limit bonding-type dependence in ranges from 1 kHz to 10 MHz, and further

expanding ribbon size to varied levels still presents negligible impact. The two bonding technologies do not

prove their capability in sharing either static or transient thermal loads when the baseplate bottom is

efficiently liquid cooled. Detailed study confirms that heat dissipates dominantly in vertical direction to the

Cu baseplate rather than through Al bonds. Ultimately, the only noticeable benefit of Al ribbon in our

multiscale analysis is its improved reliability during temperature cycling, with data supporting a 2.17× times

longer lifetime of Al ribbon when comparing to its Al wire counterpart.
A novel hybrid method to integrate delicate MEMS components into a FOWLP
Authors: Braun Tanja , Dreissigacker Marc , Wöhrmann Markus , Becker Karl-Friedrich , Schneider-Ramelow Martin
Published: May 2023

A steep increase in IoT- and smart devices fuels the need for ever more miniaturized and highly

integrated microelectronic packages. Fan-Out technology is well suited for this task, as it allows

for heterogeneous (co-)integration of sensor elements and corresponding circuitry. Following a

Chip-First approach in Fan-Out Wafer-Level Packaging (FOWLP), protection of delicate sensor

areas during compression molding and formation of redistribution layers (RDL) becomes a key part

of the manufacturing process chain. Such areas include thin membranes, antireflective coatings, air

bridges or media access for gas sensors.

We demonstrate a novel packaging method for a MEMS pressure sensor with corresponding ASIC

(application-specific integrated circuit). We integrate vertical interconnect elements (VIE), instead

of employing laser drilling for via formation and thereby avoid debris and reduce the overall

package thickness. The hybrid approach, at heart, relies on a structured adhesive layer, onto which

components are placed prior to compression molding. Due to its thermal and mechanical stability,

the patterned thin film adhesive serves as a (first) dielectric layer. Process development includes

warpage management to allow for laser debonding from temporary glass carriers and RDL

processing compatible with delicate MEMS surfaces.

Summarizing, we present a novel process variant to avoid common issues related to sensor surface

integrity using Fan Out technology and thus allow for highly miniaturized System in Package (SiP)

concepts with sensor integration by mold embedding.
Advancing Reliable High-Temperature Electronics through Compatible Material Interfaces
Authors: Kupernik J. , Bakowski M. , Chiolino N. , Barlow M. , Dyer B. , Francis A. M.
Published: May 2023

The need for digital control and observability is continuing to expand into inhospitable environments -

engines, energy exploration systems and space exploration. The limited available selection of components to

fabricate modules for these high temperature environments, both active and passive, force manufacturers into

packaging compromises that limit the performance and reliability of these modules. The lack of selection, as

well as ordering requirements, dramatically slows prototyping cycles and the creation of solutions.

Production of thermally hardened active and passive components that are designed and fabricated with

packaging in mind can extend the operating temperature range of heterogeneously integrated systems. Ozark

IC has demonstrated a wire bonding process that shows reliable powered function of a heterogeneously

integrated system at 200°C for over 7500 hours. Ozark IC has also tested modules packaged with

homogeneous gold metallization that endure powered function at 800°C for 1 to 50 hours, and powered

function at 500°C for more than 100 hours. Increasing the availability of newly manufactured semiconductor

die and passive components with compatible metallization would enable these high temperature packaging

methods to rapidly advance the state of the art for thermally hardened electronics systems. The views,

opinions and/or findings expressed are those of the author and should not be interpreted as representing the

official views or policies of the Department of Defense or the U.S. Government.
Silicone Migration Risks and Mitigation in Thermal Materials
Authors: Misra Sanjay
Published: May 2023

Thermal interface materials (TIMs) are ubiquitous in electronics cooling in a wide variety of applications in

Industrial, Automotive and Consumer electronics. TIMs comprise of a compliant polymeric matrix with

thermally conductive fillers. Silicones are the polymer of first choice due to the special characteristics of

thermal stability and ability to fine tune the modulus across a wide range. Silicone migration can be a concern,

whether real or through perception. Here we describe various types of silicone migration quantitatively in

terms of polymer basics. We will describe analytical methods characterizing migration and provide typical

quantitative ranges. We also address what the real risks are for specific applications, quantitative as well as

qualitative. Finally, we will describe mitigation measures, if needed, through silicone modification or

replacement with other polymers.
Optimization of Additively Manufactured Interposers for DC and RF Applications in Printed Circuit Boards
Authors: Lamport Emily , Luce Andrew , Piro Yuri , Trulli Susan , Akyurtlu Alkim
Published: May 2023

Additive manufacturing (AM) for printed electronics (PE), though still in its infancy, has seen major growth

in the past few years. AM techniques have several benefits over traditional manufacturing, namely the

reduction of waste material and the increased efficiency in producing prototypes. However, there are

disadvantages associated with AM, the most prevalent being a low throughput of parts. Limited research has

been done to increase the throughput to the scale of traditional manufacturing methods. To combine the

benefits of both AM and traditional manufacturing techniques, this paper discusses a hybrid printed circuit

board (PCB) assembly that employs an additively manufactured interposer to serve as a DC interconnect

between the AM structure and the PCB manufactured with traditional methods.
The Science of Adhesion Insights to Understanding Adhesive Performance
Authors: Katze Douglas , Zhao Yuan , Roberts Rose
Published: May 2023

The continued integration of smaller, higher-functioning devices in the Aerospace, Defense & Space

sectors is making it more challenging than ever to minimize assembly failure, especially where reliability is

top priority and fail-safe processes, and materials are the standard. Assembly failures due to poor adhesive

bonding tend to linger causing excessive manufacturing downtime, scrap, costly rework, and delays.

This paper introduces the science behind adhesion. Regardless of the application, the market or the

adhesive technology being used, such as epoxy, silicone, urethane, paste or film, achieving a proper assembly

bond is critical for application success. Adhesion is achieved via two mechanisms, mechanical and chemical

bonding. To optimize this the adhesive must flow (or wet) across the substrate. This maximizes the

interaction between the adhesive and substrate allowing flow into microscopic substrate pores for enhanced

mechanical bonding as well as interaction between adhesive and substrate for chemical bonding. The

molecular force of attraction between an adhesive and the substrate is determined by the surface energy of

the substrates. The substrate surface energy influences the ability of the adhesive to flow and wet the

substrate impacting adhesion. Measuring substrate water contact angle is an easy method to determine the

relative surface energy thereby gaining information about the pending adhesive bond.

This paper reviews these key factors for adhesion and presents results of an application study aimed

at understanding the sensitivity and relationship of substrate water contact angle versus substrate cleanliness.

The goal is to be able to use substrate water contact angle measurements as a predictive tool for adhesion.
Wide process latitude, Pb-free low temperature co-fired ceramic (LTCC)
Authors: Laughlin Brian , Salah Ahmed , Anderson Russell , Yoon Young , Schickling Brad ,   Micromax™
Published: May 2023

Low temperature co-fired ceramics, LTCC, are an established material platform for making high-quality,

high-performance, and high-reliability electronic devices; however, systems exhibiting a sufficiently wide

processing window have traditionally employed Pb-containing glasses. Micromax™ GreenTape™ LF95C

has been introduced as a Pb-free LTCC system with a host of attractive physical, thermal, and electronic

properties including repeatable shrinkage, dielectric loss of <0.005 at 10 GHz, refire stability, and a full Ag-based metallization system. The ceramic densifies by glass viscous flow which provides the ability to co-fire

over a wide process window. The high-conductivity Ag metallization, low Df, and repeatable shrinkage and

Dk make LF95C an excellent material platform for producing high-reliability electronic devices while

advancing sustainability goals and working to satisfy the spirit of the REACH and RoHS initiatives.