bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Relative Risk for Poverty in Kelantan –A Bayesian Approach
Authors: Nawawi Siti Aisyah , Busu Ibrahim , Fauzi Norashikin , Mohd Amin Mohamad Faiz , Nik Yusof Nik Raihan
Published: September 2020

Poverty eradication among poor household head becomes a significant concern. Previous research employed the traditional statistical method to model the poverty data. However, these traditional statistical methods do not consider the spatial elements of poverty data. This study compares the performance of Poisson log-linear Leroux Conditional Autoregressive (CAR) model with difference neighbourhood matrices. A Poisson Log-Linear Leroux Conditional Autoregressive model with different neighbourhood matrices was fitted to the poverty data for 66 districts in Kelantan for 2010. The results show that the performance of the model with the contiguity matrix was nearly similar to the Delaunay triangulation neighbourhood matrix in estimate poverty risk. The variables that are significantly associated with the poverty in Kelantan are the number of non-education, number of female household head and the average age of the household head.
Ecotourism as Tool for Eradicating Rural Poverty in Peninsular Malaysia
Authors: Abdullah Mukrimah , Mamat Mohd Parid , Adnan Norliyana , Tuan Hussain Faten Naseha
Published: September 2020

Ecotourism is one of the strategies in eradicating rural poverty especially for communities living within and adjacent the forest. These communities depend on forest resources both directly and indirectly to generate household income through ecotourism or any forest-related activities. Ecotourism also claimed to be one of conservation strategies which contribute to the long-term conservation of the forest as well as mitigating or reducing conflicts between human and environment. A study was conducted starting from 2016 to 2020 to evaluate socio-economic benefits of forest and its resources towards communities. One of the objectives is to determine whether ecotourism development helps to eradicate rural poverty and improve household income of the local communities in Peninsular Malaysia. However, this paper only focuses on the preliminary result from four states namely Perlis, Kedah, Perak and Negeri Sembilan. A total of 1439 households from 44 villages were successfully interviewed between 2016 and 2018. Data and information were collected through rapid rural appraisal; focus group discussion and household survey guided by structured questionnaire. The impact of ecotourism and forestry related activities towards socio-economic of communities can be assessed through the households’ monthly income. The findings showed there are significant economic benefits and the income received from ecotourism and forestry related activities are important in reducing poverty among local households. Hence, forest conservation strategies should pay more attention to balance the needs for conservation and reducing rural poverty.
Performance Evaluation of Drip Irrigation System and Water Productivity (WP) of Rock Melon Grown inside Netted Rain House Shelter
Authors: Jusoh Mohd Fauzie , Adnan Nurhayatie , Abdul Muttalib Muhammad Firdaus , Katimon Ayob
Published: September 2020

The yield of the crops may be subject to the distribution of water directly to the plant root zone using drippers or emitters. To date, there has not been adequate work to evaluate irrigation system performance and water productivity (WP) specifically for rock melon inside a netted rain house shelter in tropical area. Amongst the problem of this system is the non-functional irrigation components after been used for specific of time, thus reducing the irrigation efficiencies and distribution uniformity. This study evaluates irrigation performance of drip irrigation system and estimates WP of rock melon cultivation in the netted rain house shelter. The results indicate that the operating pressure of the drip irrigation system tested varied from 0.8 to 3.0 psi with a discharge rate between 0.14 and 0.25 Lmin−1. Water application uniformity between laterals varied from 66.06 to 89.72%. The WP of rock melon was around 7.93 kg/m3, which is considerably high and in similar range as demonstrated in previous literature. The field evaluation also reveals that the manipulation of valve controller at lateral based on a few selected scenarios did not provide a significant difference in pressure and discharge at the head, middle, and tail section of the drip irrigation system. Such findings would be a very useful information for a precision water management particularly for rock melon cultivation grown under rain house shelter system.
Factors Explaining Post Harvest Practices Adoption among Fruit Farmers in Johor
Authors: Abu Bakar Tengku Halimatun Sa’adiah T , Man Norsida , Nawi Nolila Mohd , Shah Jasmin Arif , Muhamad Nursalwani , Nor Maryana Mohamad
Published: September 2020

Nowadays, postharvest practices play an important role in the development of fruit production. Thus, this research investigates the relationship between effort expectations, performance expectations, social influence, facilitating conditions, and attitudes towards postharvest practices adoption among fruit farmers in Johor. The Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology (UTAUT) and Theory of Planned Behaviour (TPB) were utilized to explain the purpose of this study. This study has employed a cross-sectional study with a survey method via self-administered questionnaire. A total of 150 fruit farmers in Johor were chosen by a simple random sampling technique. The data collected were analysed by using descriptive analysis and Spearman’s correlation. The analysis indicated that there was a positive significant relationship between performance expectations, effort expectancy, social influence, facilitating conditions, and attitude towards postharvest practices adoption among fruit farmers in Johor. This study will be significant for farmers in order to help them increase the yield by reducing the postharvest losses and for other researchers to understand the level of postharvest technology acceptance.
The Dynamic of Land Use Changes and Regional Development in Bandung Metropolitan Area
Authors: Fuadina Lutfia Nursetya , Rustiadi Ernan , Pravitasari Andrea Emma
Published: September 2020

Bandung Metropolitan Area (BMA) is the third largest metropolitan area in Indonesia. It also represents the type of metropolitan in Asia which has massive urbanization characteristic, caused by increasing economic growth. The objectives of this study are: (1) to analyse the dynamic of land use change in Bandung Metropolitan Area, (2) to analyse the regional development in Bandung Metropolitan Area, (3) to analyse the diversity of land use type in Bandung Metropolitan Area. Land use was classified visually using Erdas Imagine software and Arc-GIS tools. Analysis of the development of the region using the sub-district development index values obtained by scalogram techniques. The diversity of land use types was identified using entropy analysis. The data used in this study were secondary data consisting of Landsat satellite imageries and facilities data obtained from the Central Board of Statistics in the year of 2003 and 2014. The results of the analysis showed that the built up area and mix gardens were continue to increase from year to year, while rice fields continue to decline. In the period 2003 -2014, there was an increase in the value of the sub-district development index which showed by an increase in the number of types of facilities. The spread of land use types tends to be more homogeneous in Bandung City and Cimahi City, whereas outside of those areas, the types of land use were more diverse and evenly distributed.
The Impact of Joint Community Forest Management (PHBM) on Local Community Income in Upstream of Ciliwung Watershed, Bogor Regency-Indonesia
Authors: Veriasa Thomas Oni , Rustiadi Ernan , Kinseng Rilus A
Published: September 2020

Forest area in the upstream of Ciliwung watershed is one of the last remaining forests in the hinterland of Jakarta metropolitan. Forest degradation and the rapid pressure of land use change are serious issues in the Greater Jakarta area that need to be addressed. In 2009, Joint Community Forest Management (PHBM) was initiated by Perum Perhutani in the upstream area of Ciliwung watershed at Kampung Cibulao, Tugu Utara Village, Bogor Regency. This PHBM program involved a forest farmer group in managing village forests, particularly through the management of shade-grown coffee and mountain bike trails. This study investigates the impact of the PHBM program on the local economy improvement using the latest datasets of financial management of forest farmer group in 2017. The aims of this study are to analyse: 1) farmers income from PHBM activities; 2) feasibility of shaded-grown coffee and mountain bike trails activities by using benefit and cost analysis (NPV, IRR, Nett B/C Ratio). The results show that there has been a significant increase of income namey 16.55% or IDR 248,333/hectare/month of cherry and 47.77% or IDR 716,563/hectare/month of green beans. Meanwhile, the management of mountain bike trails has increased the farmers’ income by 32% or IDR 480,000/person/month. The finding of feasibility study shows that Mountain Bike Trails Management is financially not feasible for communal business if it uses the current proportion of business sharing. Therefore, it is necessary to renegotiate the proportion of sharing in order to provide more economic benefits for the local people.
Bird Diversity Patterns along Urbanization Gradients: Some Recommendations for Landscape Planner
Authors: Mardiastuti Ani , Putra M S K , Mulyani Yeni A
Published: September 2020

Birds in an urban area often being used to indicate the quality of the city. The objective of this study was to analyze the response of birds to different intensities of urban-rural change. The high variation of house size and arrangement within housing clusters in the residential area of Sentul City (Bogor, West Java) was used as a model to mimic urbanization gradients in a city landscape. Five housing clusters were selected to represent the degree of urbanization gradients. Build to unbuild land ratio and density of mature trees were used to designate urbanization gradients in the chosen observation sites. Birds were observed using a standard point count method. Bird diversity was the highest in low urbanization (33 species) and diminishing in the higher urbanization grades (15 species). Sites with the highest urbanization rate still able to function as bird habitat, although the species number was low. The persistent bird species against urban-rural were mostly insectivores, nectarivores, and granivores (seed-eaters), while species that we’re unable to cope with urbanization were generally raptors, bush dependent species (e.g. babbler group) and thick canopy dependent species (e.g. green pigeon). The results indicate that (i) there is a negative relationship between degree of urbanization and bird species persistence in urban areas; (ii) efforts for bird conservation should not only focus on regreening but also be directed toward plant functional diversity to accommodate more diverse birds; (iii) urban landscape planner should consider maintaining or creating patch(es) of semi-nature areas as a refuge habitat for birds and other city-persistent species.
The allometric growth and condition index comparison of white shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) from fishpond and juata laut waters, Tarakan (Indonesia)
Authors: Salim Gazali , Indarjo Agus , Zein Mufrida , Yudho Prakoso Lukman , Suhirwan  , Achmad Daengs GS , Rukisah
Published: September 2020

This research aims to analyze the allometric growth and condition index of white shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) from fishpond and Juata Laut waters, Tarakan (Indonesia). The study was conducted for 3 months, from January to March 2020. The objective method was descriptive quantitative with a case study approach. The determination of the research area by using purposive sampling from fishpond and the catches of trawl fishermen from Juata Laut waters, Tarakan (Indonesia). A sampling of white shrimp (L.vannamei) used survey methods in those two locations. The data collection was done by using a laboratory scale in the Biology Laboratory of Faculty of Fisheries and Marine Science, University of Borneo Tarakan. The data instead of sex, total length, carapace length, and the total weight of white shrimp (L.vannamei). The research variables were sex ratio, allometric growth, and condition index of the male and female white shrimp (L.vannamei). The results study showed that white shrimp (L.vannamei) from ponds had a sex ratio for males and females of 1:3 with a percentage of males by 25% and females by 75%. The allometric growth,i.e.total length, and total weight for both of sex were negative, condition index with a thinner body was not found for male and 1,9% for females; thin body shape was 50% and 53.7%; ideal body shape was 5.6% while females were not found; the fat body was 44.4% and 40.7%; the fatter body for male was not found and females by 3.7%. The results from Juata Laut waters obtained the sex ratio for males and females was 1.68:1 with the percentage of males was 62.71%, and females were 37.29%. The allometric growth like total length and a total weight of males and females was negative with condition index of males and females for thin body shapes were 48.6% and 45.5%; ideal body shape were 2.7% and 9.1%; fat body shape was 45.9% and 45.5%; fatter body shape was 2.7%, respectively and females were not found.
Some population parameters of Longhorn Cowfish Lactoria cornuta (Linnaeus, 1758) in Laikang Bay, Takalar District, South Sulawesi, Indonesia (preliminary study)
Authors: Tresnati J , Dolo R , Suwarni  , Aprianto R , Tuwo A
Published: September 2020

Longhorn cowfish Lactoria cornuta is a boxfish species from the Ostraciidae family which inhabit in Indo-Pacific waters. This fish can reach lengths up to 50 cm. This fish has high economic value and traded as ornamental and fresh fish. Longhorn cowfish is a favorite fish at the seafood restaurants. It is caught by many fishermen in the waters of the Gulf of Laikang. Although of high economic value, Longhorn cowfish has not been studied in many aspects of its bioecology. This study aims to analyze some population parameters, such as sex ratio, length-weight relationship, growth, and ponderal index of longhorn cowfish in Laikang Bay Waters. The results of this study indicate that there was more male than female. The total length range of male was between male 65 - 155 mm, and female was 83 - 250 mm. The range of body weight of the male was 11.84 - 56.85 gr and female was 16.56 - 155.82 gr. Male and female growth curve were hypoalometric. The female ponderal indexwas greater than male.
Decline in seagrass carbon uptake on Bonebatang Island, Spermonde Archipelago, Indonesia during the period of 2001-2017
Authors: Mashoreng S , Isyrini R , Inaku D F
Published: September 2020

The activities of coastal and small islands communities can have an impact on the condition of the adjacent aquatic ecosystems. The magnitude of the impact depends on the type and intensity of the activities carried out. One ecosystem that is prone to be affected is the seagrass ecosystem due to its presence in shallow waters and proximity to the coast. The study was conducted to examine changes in seagrass carbon uptake on Bonebatang Island over a period of 16 years from 2001 to 2017. Estimation of carbon uptake of seven species of seagrasses, i.e., Enhalus acoroides, Thalassia hemprichii, Cymodocea rotundata, Halodule uninervis. Halophila ovalis, Halophila minor, and Syringodium isoetifolium were carried out using the oxygen change method that utilized clear bottles. The percentage of seagrass coverage was calculated using a 50cm x 50cm plot. The average composition of seagrass species from all plots and the capability of each seagrass species to uptake carbon was used as a basis to estimate the capability of seagrass to uptake the carbon per unit area. Changes in carbon uptake were determined using an approach that estimates changes in the seagrass bed areas. Landsat image analysis was used to estimate the area of seagrass in 2001, 2009, and 2017. The results showed that the area of seagrass beds in the period of 2001-2017 decreased by 8.62 ha, from 37.08 ha in 2001 to 28.46 ha in 2017 or decreased by approximately 1.54% per year. As a result of this diminishing in the area, carbon uptake by seagrasses was estimated to decrease by 19.67 MgCO2 per year from 79.62 MgCO2 per year in 2001 to 59.95 MgCO2 per year in 2017. The average decrease in a year reached 1.23 MgCO2.
Fatty acid profiles of Paper Squid (Loligo edulis, Hoyle)
Authors: Apituley D A N , Loppies C R M , Tentua E
Published: September 2020

Squid is one of the fisheries products with high production volume. It has the same characteristics as other fishery products, which is highly perishable in nature. Therefore it is important to optimize squid utilization. Diversification of squid products can be done into value-added products such as paper squid. The aim of this study was to investigate the fatty acids profile contained in paper squid (Loligo edulis, Hoyle). Analysis of fatty acids composition in squid was done by the gas chromatography method. The results showed that the fatty acids detected in paper squid consisted of 10 types of saturated fatty acids, 7 types of monounsaturated fatty acids, and 8 types of polyunsaturated fatty acids. The highest content of saturated fatty acids is palmitic acid, which is 7.45%. The highest content of monounsaturated fatty acid is oleic acid, which is 0.79%. The highest content of polyunsaturated fatty acids is docosahexaenoic acid, which is 22.57%.
Kinetics of quality changes and shelf life estimation of frozen coated Tumpi-Tumpi using accelerated shelf-life testing (ASLT) method with Arrhenius approach
Authors: Syahrul  , Syarief R , Hermanianto J , Nurtama B
Published: September 2020

Quality changes during storage are greatly affected by storage temperatures and food factors. Kinetic quality changes during storage are important to know as one of the parameters in determining the shelf life of a foodstuff. Determination of shelf life can be done by Accelerated Shelf Life Test (ASLT) through a semi-empirical approach with the help of the Arrhenius equation, which is an approach that used kinetics theory which generally has zero-order or first-order reaction for a food product. The kinetics of the frozen coated tumpi-tumpi quality change was assessed by storage at (-10, -5, 0 °C). Observations were made every 7 days until day 35. The quality parameters that were analyzed included the thiobarbituric acid (TBA). This study aims to determine the frozen coated tumpi-tumpi product quality change at various storage temperatures based on the value of TBA and estimation of shelf life. The frozen coated tumpi-tumpi product quality change parameters based on the changes in the TBA were not yet able to determine the zero-order reaction or first-order kinetics. The results of the activation energy (Ea) calculation of the frozen coated tumpi-tumpi product based on the TBA value critical parameter revealed that the lowest activation energy was 8 537 kcal mol−1, causing this parameter to determine the frozen coated tumpi-tumpi product shelf life. The results of the calculation revealed that the higher the frozen coated tumpi-tumpi storage temperature, the shorter the product shelf life is. The shelf life for the frozen coated tumpi-tumpi at a storage temperature of -18 °C was 284 days.
The effect of several types of mangrove exctracs on tiger shrimp Penaeus monodon survival rate challenged with White Spot Syndrome Virus (WSSV)
Authors: Muliani  , Nurbaya  , Ayu Khairanah Kadriah Ince
Published: September 2020

This experiment was aimed to determine the survival rate of tiger shrimp on the use of several types of mangrove extracts challenged with the White Spot Syndrome Virus (WSSV). The experiment was conducted in November 2015 at the Research Institute for brackish water Aquaculture and Fisheries Extension (RIBAFE), Maros. The plastic container of 40 L volume was filled with 30 L of seawater at a salinity of 28 ppt which had been disinfected with chlorine powder of 150 ppm and neutralized with Sodium Thiosufateof 75 ppm, stocked with 10 ind of tiger shrimps with the size of 5-7 g/pcs. The challenge test of mangrove extract with WSSV was done by mixing 5 μL of WSSV suspension with 10 μL of mangrove extract solution (500 mg/100 mL of NTE buffer). The mixing solution was then incubated at 29 oC for 3 hours and then infected to tiger shrimp by intramuscular injection. The experimental design used was Completely Randomized Design with treatments; A). butanol extract of Sonneratia alba; B). butanol extract of Sonneratia caseolaris; C). butanol extract of Sonneratia lanceolata; D). butanol extract of Bruguiera gymnorrhiza; E). diethyl ether extract of S. alba; F). diethyl ether extract of Bruguiera gymnorrhiza; G). Control (shrimps injected with WSSV suspension without mangrove extract. Each treatment was repeated 3 (three) times and tiger shrimp were reared for 10 days. Observations of tiger shrimp mortality were performed daily, while Total Hemocyte Count (THC), Differential Hemocyte Count (DHC), ProPO values and WSSV infection were observed at the end of the study. Analysis of variance, which was followed by Least Significant Difference test were conducted on the survival rate of tiger shrimp. The results showed that over 50% of tiger shrimp relative survival was obtained by the treatment that used butanol extract of S.alba, butanol extract of S.caseolaris, butanol extract of B. gymnorrhiza, and diethyl ether extract of S. alba. These experiments showed that the four extracts of mangrove effectively increased the survival of tiger shrimp. The highest average survival rate of tiger shrimp was obtained by the treatment that used diethyl ether extract of S. alba, while the lowest was found in the positive control, and both treatments were significantly different (P <0.05).The result indicated that diethyl ether extract of S. alba was found to be the most potential extract to control WSSV disease in tiger shrimp.
Sustainability index of the seaweed farmers household economy in Serewe Bay, West Nusa Tenggara, Indonesia
Authors: Zamroni Achmad , Apriliani Tenny , Rosyidah Lathifatul , Muliawan Irwan , Hatanaka Katsumori
Published: September 2020

The economic behavior of household seaweed farmers in Serewe Bay can be a direct or indirect stimulus that affects behavioral changes and increase work productivity. The objectives of this research were: (1) to examine the characteristics of the seaweed farming business; (2) to analyze the economic sustainability index; and (3) Formulating alternative livelihoods strategy for seaweed farming. The study was conducted from February to December 2018 in Serewe Bay, Jerowaru District, East Lombok District, West Nusa Tenggara Province using a structured questionnaire. Data were analyzed using the Sustainable Livelihood Approach as well as financial analysis. The finding shows that about 80% of the people in Serewe Bay utilize coastal resources for marine cultivation. E. cottonii seaweed cultivation dominates in marine and fisheries households. The household economic sustainability index (iKERT) of seaweed farmers in Serewe Village is relatively low (32.56). This is due to the low index of human, financial, and physical capitals, and basic infrastructure facilities for the people in Serewe Village to the marketing area. Therefore, there are main aspects to be concerned to improve household economy sustainability, namely infrastructure, role of local economy institutions, change the mind of seaweed farmers to be smart businessmen, and improving the asset management and investment.
Comparison of propeller thrust based on the purse seiner body shape
Authors: Farhum St Aisjah , Jaya Ilham , Iqbal Quraisyin Muh , Dwiyanti Risa Resky
Published: September 2020

The engine on a fishing vessel is the main equipment that is assembled in a vessel’s machining system. The vessel’s engine, as the main driving force, is coupled with a propeller, which functions to provide thrust to the vessel. The efficiency and effectiveness of the propeller used on fishing vessels depend on the dimensions of the propeller and the type of fishing gear used, as well as the shape and size of the hull. The correlation between vessels, engines, and propellers in vessel planning determines the successful fishing operation. The objective of this study was to examine the geometrical relationship of the purse seine hull to the effectiveness and efficiency of the propeller. The analysis was conducted on nine samples of purse seiner operating in the Flores Sea through numerical simulations. The sample vessel designs were drawn from the vessel offset data using the max surf software to obtain the shape of the hull. Furthermore, the vessel shape specifications were simulated with the propeller technical specifications to obtain propeller efficiency values based on the shape of the hull. The results showed that the pressure value on the propeller used on purse seiners with round bottom was lower than the pressure experienced by the propeller on a U-bottom. Propeller efficiency values were higher on round bottom purse seiners than U-bottom forms. This value illustrates that the propeller thrust was greater in round-bottom vessels. This is probably indicated that the value of resistance on the U-bottom hull form was greater than the round bottom hull shape.
Seasonal changes of potential fishing ground formation for Skipjack Tuna in the Bone Gulf, Indonesia
Authors: Zainuddin Mukti , Hidayat Rachmat , Rani Sahni Putri Andi , Ridwan Muhammad , Safruddin  , Farhum St Aisjah
Published: September 2020

Skipjack tuna (Katsuwonus pelamis) plays an important role by pole and line fishery in the Bone Gulf, Indonesia, since it has a high economic value and wide market acceptance. The purpose of this paper was to assess the seasonal changes of skipjack tuna potential fishing ground in the Bone Gulf. We used pole and line fishery and oceanographic data of sea surface temperature (SST) and chlorophyll-a derived from satellite to figure out the seasonal formation of the potential fishing areas. We developed the spatial model to determine the potential fishing ground based on different levels of oceanographic preferences. The results showed that potential fishing grounds were mostly formed in the first transition season (particularly in May) as well as the west season (especially in November), which have a good association with the specific SST and chlorophyll-a of near 30 Deg C and 0.2 mg m-3, respectively. Most of the potential skipjack fishing ground formation developed along with the specific oceanographic signatures. It was likely that the potential seasonal changes of fishing grounds corresponded with enhanced feeding opportunity distribution pattern for skipjack schools. This suggested that these potential areas play an important for conservation and skipjack fishing management within the study area.
Statistical Characterisation of tropical seagrass bed sediment and adjacent unvegetated sediment in Lae-Lae Island of Makassar (Indonesia)
Authors: Lanuru Mahatma
Published: September 2020

The statistical characteristic of sediment is useful in interpretation of the past or future processes acting on the sediments. This paper reports the statistical characteristic of small island sediment taken from seagrass bed and adjacent unvegetated area. Surface sediment samples were collected from four sites using a sediment corer (PVC pipe with a diameter of 6 cm and a length of 15 cm) and dry sieved in the laboratory to determine grain size distribution. The grain size measurement in mm were converted into the phi (§) unit before calculating the statistical parameters of the sediment including mean grain size, sorting, skewness, and kurtosis using a GRADISTAT (a grain size distribution and statistics package for the analysis of unconsolidated sediments). The results show that both seagrass bed sediments and adjacent unvegetated sediments in the study site are characterized by medium to coarse-grained sand fractions, mostly poorly sorted, symmetrical to very coarse skewed, and have platykurtic, mesokurtic, and leptokurtic kurtosis. These findings highlight the practical use of grain size analysis to classify sedimentary environments and elucidate transport dynamics in the Lae-Lae Island.
Low salinity reduces survival rate of a commercially important sea cucumber (Sandfish: Holothuria scabra)
Authors: Tuwo A , Yasir I , Syafiuddin  , Aprianto R , Yanti A , Bestari A D , Tresnati J
Published: September 2020

Sandfish culture had been implemented for more than 20 years but has frequently failed to yield the expected results due to low survival rates. A decrease in salinity during the rainy season was suspected as a cause of sandfish mortality. This study aimed to assess the influence of salinity on sandfish survival rates. Treatments included sudden shock and gradual acclimation trial methods. Even though the results of this study indicate a mean survival rate of 50% at 14.6 ppt, the survival rate fell drastically as water salinity was reduced below the salinity of saltwater bony fish body fluids (around 18 ppt). Sandfish cannot live in water with salinity lower than the osmotic body fluid of freshwater bony fish (around 14 ppt). Therefore, for the cultivation of sandfish in coastal ponds, salinity should not be allowed to fall below a minimum of 18 ppt.
CBR behavior of sandy soil reinforced by geofiber material
Authors: Mughieda Omer
Published: September 2020

Abu Dhabi sand lacks the required engineering properties to suffice as pavement base course, subbase course, subgrade and as a foundation-support layer under buildings and various structures. Low bearing capacity is manifested on the roadways as differential settlement, waviness and undulations. Stabilization of this type of sand is one of the major geotechnical challenges in practice. In this study the sandy soil was improved by mixing with geofiber. Three different levels of geofiber was added to the sandy soil; 0.1, 0.2 and 0.4% by dry weight of sand. The results showed great increase in shear strength as indicated by the CBR values. The CBR values have increased from 19 to 55 for 0 and 0.4% geofiber content respectively.
Energy efficient, no firing, air binder. Recommendations for the processing of phosphogypsum waste
Authors: Bakhriev N F , Buriboev Sh A , Buriboev A
Published: September 2020

The article presents data on the results of research and processing of phosphogypsum waste from the Samarkand Chemical Plant, over many years stored on a vast territory. Phosphogypsum contains up to 94% contains two water sulfates of calcium, which is the most valuable raw material to produce gypsum binders. However, phosphogypsum contains some chemical compounds that are harmful to human life and for this reason, it is difficult to use in industrial production without neutralization. The article presents the results of research and recommendations for solving this problem.
A comparison of diurnal variation of pavement albedo between vertical and horizontal surfaces under tropical climatic condition of Thailand
Authors: Srivanit M , Jareemit D
Published: September 2020

Albedo is an important indicator of radiation reflectance of pavement surfaces for the building envelope and on the ground level, and their resultant impacts on human comfort and the urban environment in outdoor spaces. Usually, albedo is generally accepted only for horizontal surfaces. This study developed an experimental test set-up for the albedo measurement system with pyranometers and automatic meteorological data acquisition system, which used it to conduct field measurements of albedo on horizontal and vertical surfaces of the used concrete block. The results show that albedo measured on a horizontal surface is not proportional to irradiance on a vertical surface. The albedo value between the two surfaces depend upon time of day, and the horizontal surface also received significantly more incident solar radiation than the vertical surface during all but the central hours of the day, while at reflected solar radiation on vertical irradiances were less than the horizontal. These results can help reduce the uncertainty in understanding and evaluating the thermal behaviour of the building and environmental impacts of pavement surfaces with different albedos in the outdoor urban space.
Risk-assessment of hydropower plant susceptible to seismic hazard by 3D spectrum analysis
Authors: Roslan L , Ahmadi R , Lau K K F , Trinh L T , Rosyadi M
Published: September 2020

Recently, new fault zones are identified in central Borneo due to the ongoing geomorphological anomalies along the Rajang-Crocker Belt. The Kapit-Belaga region along the Rajang River system are located in between active trending strike-slip faults. By 2025, this region will have 3 operational large hydropower dams namely, Bakun, Murum and Baleh which are approximately 120 km apart in radius. Even though central Borneo is known to be a stable area, the assessment of seismic risk for existing dams is vital. The seismic failure of Konya Dam, India in 1967 proved that occurrences of catastrophic earthquake in low seismicity region is possible. Furthermore, earthquake frequency model shows that it is plausible for the Crocker fault system to produce seismic ruptures of magnitudes ≥7.0. The research of risk-assessment for hydropower in this work is motivated by the possibility of larger seismic hazard within the Crocker fault system. Hypothetical seismic loadings from Tosya and Aydin earthquakes’ records are adopted as inputs to replicate long-distance waves for the Response Spectrum Analysis (RSA) by ANSYS© ACADEMIC. Results show that tensile zone develops at the reservoir bed, extending to the dam foundation. When the seismic load is at 0.625 g Peak Ground Acceleration (PGA) – which is equivalent to magnitude 6.0 earthquake, the mechanical responses of the dam body excitation and hydrodynamic pressure from the impact of the reservoir due to seismic excitation triggers structure failure at the mid crest and bottom of the dam.
Direct Displacement-Based Design (DDBD) applied to dual wall-frame buildings and steel concentric braced frames
Authors: Ccahuana W. , Coronel J. , Soto J.
Published: September 2020

One of the most efficient seismic design methodologies is Direct Displacement Based Design (DDBD) because it considers the inelastic range of the structure. There are several investigations on the application of this methodology in frames, structural wall and bridges, but those related to steel structures with concentric bracing are scarcer. The objective of this investigation is to determine the damping parameters and the seismic responses of a dual concrete building and one of concentrically braced steel frames, to later compare their base loads and displacements. The procedure first determines the design offset for the 1GDL model; then the desired responses are obtained by this displacement. This methodology uses an effective stiffness, which is composed of an elastic and an inelastic state of the structure to determine seismic responses.
Theme park of renewable energies for mitigation of CO2 in the urban area of the district of Chorrillos, Peru
Authors: Rodriguez Ciro , Esenarro Doris , Alburquerque Celso , Vega Michelle , Ramirez Valeri
Published: September 2020

The “Pantanos de Villa” is a natural habitat that conserves the high biodiversity of species and acts as the lung of the city, which is considered a wetland of international importance. This is being threatened by an inadequate infrastructure existing in the Lucchetti factory that attempts against the biodiversity of wetlands, for which the following project is proposed whose main objective is the mitigation of CO2 caused by polluting gases. Along with this, the integration of the neighbors with the swamps will be encouraged, through the design of an ecological and bio-sustainable park destined for recreational practices and sports, being a pleasant meeting point for families and tourists. With the theme park of clean technologies, the importance of these technologies for the sustainable development of the district will be reflected, without neglecting the natural beauty of the swamps located in front of the park. It will have spaces to enjoy nature, as well as the application of renewable energies. With the construction of this project, more significant economic development will be obtained. Visits to both the park and the swamps will be generated and increased, contributing and motivating the care and conservation of our environment and environmental awareness.
Aggregation of Thai arborist judgments on urban tree hazard inventories used to determine tree health at single-tree level
Authors: Kaewkhow S , Srivanit M
Published: September 2020

Tree risk assessment has evolved greatly in recent years, from ground-based visual hazard inspection methods. In this paper, we focus on Thai arborist judgment aggregations on the common optimization of urban tree hazard inventories by using the visual tree assessment (VTA) method to develop qualitative risk assessments for tree risk mitigation. The aim of this study was to develop a tree hazard inventory identifies at single-tree level based on 35 parameters with interviewing arborist experts. And then to assess parameters that are relevant to the VTA method, content validity analysis used as the basis for screening the optimal tree inventories. The results showed that VTA inventories as having 11 parameters and the definition was clarified on tree health assessment at single-tree level. Understanding the tree inventories and tree hazard level can promote management decisions that will improve public health and environmental quality in urban areas of Thailand.
Distribution of permethrin on laminated bamboo after the preservative treatment using SC-CO2 as a carrier solvent
Authors: Uslinawaty Z , Muin M , Suhasman
Published: September 2020

This study was conducted to determine the presence of the insecticide permethrin and its retention gradients within the structure of laminated bamboo after treatment using supercritical carbon dioxide (SC-CO2) as the carrier solvent. the presence of permetrin was based on functional group differences indicated by FT-IR analyses before and after the preservative treatment. Permethrin retentions in the treated bamboo materials ranged from 0.0020 to 0.0022%. This result indicated that the preservative treatment of laminated bamboo using SC-CO2 as a carrier solvent produced evenly distributed chemical an effective level. There was no signicant distribution gradient of the preservative observed over the layers of the treated laminated bamboo arranged with outer-inner surface laminations. The current treatment condition is potential to produce laminated bamboo products completely resistant to biodegradation.
Potential use of fully wood based sandwich panel for house component in Indonesia for disaster mitigation and rapid built: A review
Authors: Malik J , Trisatya D R , Abdurachman
Published: September 2020

Indonesia is one of the most disaster-prone countries on the earth. The disasters, particularly earthquake and landslide, ussualy result in loss and damage of human shelters. In regards to the housing, mitigation or disaster risk reduction by selecting proper house component materials is important. This paper discuss on fully wood based sandwich panel that could replace other materials for wall part of the house. The study shows that wood in various forms of derivative products remain preferable building material for housing due to several advantages. Wood-based sandwich panels with veneer or plywood at the facing (face/back) and solid or laminated board for the core are promising products to be used to rapid-built houses for the mitigation and reconstruction of disaster areas.
Adaptability of Ganitri (Elaeocarpus ganitrus) on degraded land of community forests in Tasikmalaya Distric, West Jawa Province
Authors: Sudomo A , Dendang B
Published: September 2020

Elaeocarpus ganitrus is one of the prospective Non-Timber Forest Product (NTFP) species in the community forest. The wood can be used for building and music tool raw material. Specific products in the form of seeds are used as medicine, handicrafts, and traditional ceremonies. The aim of the research was to study the adaptability of A. ganitrus on degraded land of community forests in Tasikmalaya. Plot establishment was conducted in Gunungtandala Village, Kawalu Sub District and Tasikmalaya District, West Java Province. The spacing of this trial is 3 × 3 m with 2300 number of seedlings. The research showed that the survival of A. ganitrus in the total area reached 70.6%. The percentage of A. ganitrus life starting from the largest is 98% on flat land, 96% on slope land and 18% on steep land. Survival and growth prove that A. ganitrus are able to grow in this site. The slope factor greatly affects the vegetative and generative growth of E. ganitrus. There is a tendency that he stressed vegetative growth of E. ganitrus on steep land encourages generative growth with the appearance of flowers. Most of the E. ganitrus plants start flowering at the age of 3.5 years. The recommendation of this study is the use of A. ganitrus species in NTFP development on marginal lands in community forests. This species is also used in the restoration of the conservation area.
Quality of rattan board with lamination process using tannin-based adhesives
Authors: Santoso A , Pari R
Published: September 2020

The use of rattan with a diameter of more than 30 mm as rattan laminated board has prospective opportunities in the market. This paper presents research results on the quality of theCalamus zollingerirattan board glued using tannin adhesive fromAcacia mangiumbark extract. Rattan boards were laminated with 3 glue spread (100, 150, and 200 g/m2surface) and 2 pressing temperature (60°C and 100°C). The quality of gluing was analyzed by testing the bonding strength and formaldehyde emission. Results showed that the best quality of rattan laminated board was observed in 150 g/m2surface glue spread and 60°C pressing temperature application. The formaldehyde emission of products was still within safe level comply with JAS 234-2003 standards.
Changes in the density, specific gravity and dimensional stability of candlenut wood (Aleurites moluccanus (L.) Willd.) from several variation temperatures with oil-heat treatment
Authors: Azis A , Yunianti A D , Agussalim A
Published: September 2020

Quality of inferior woods can be improved with wood modification technology. There are some wood modification technologies available, one of them is oil-heat treatment. Candlenut wood (Aleurites moluccanus(L.) Willd.) is one of low-quality wood species with limited utilization. Efforts to improve the properties of wood are needed for more optimal utilization. This research was conducted to improve physical properties of candlenut wood namely density, specific gravity, and dimensional stability by applying oil-heating treatment at various temperatures (160, 180 and 200°C) for one hour. Physical properties of wood were tested according to ASTM D143-94. The result showed candlenut wood in oil-heat treatment as better than control. Density and specific gravity of wood increased by 25.13% and 26.97%, respectively, and the dimensional stability also increased as well, shown by the reduction of hygroscopic properties of wood at tangential and radial directions by 22%. The best treatment selected for candlenut wood with temperature of 160°C.
Determination of optimum formulation of tusam (Pinus merkusii) tannin bark with resorcinol and formaldehyde
Authors: Hajriani S , Yunianti A D , Suhasman S
Published: September 2020

Adhesive is the one of main components that used for producing composite wood. The quality of the adhesive can affect the strength of the composite wood. However, adhesives which commonly used are synthetic adhesives that contain a lot of formaldehyde emissions and have negative impact on our health. To reduce its use, we need an alternative adhesive from natural raw materials. Tannin is a phenolic compound has been widely studied that can be used as a bio adhesive for wood composites. The main source of tannin for adhesive is derived from bark. One type of wood bark that contains tannins is tusam wood bark. Tannins have a high reactivity against formaldehyde. This study aims to determinate the optimum formula of tannin which is copolymerized with resorcinol and formaldehyde. Tannin is obtained by extracting wood bark with hot water. The optimum formula of tannins and resorcinol (TR) result is determined by the stiasny numbers, while the optimum formula of tannins and formaldehyde (TF) are determined by identification of solid content. The addition of resorcinol affects the percentage of stiasny number, the greater the formula of resorcinol added, the higher value of stiasny number, wherein the reactivity of tannin to formaldehyde increases. The addition of formaldehyde also affects the results of tannin formaldehyde solid content, the more addition of formaldehyde, the percentage of solid content decreases.
Variation in density and shrinkage of six eucalyptus species and interspecific hybrid combinations at three sites in Northern New South Wales
Authors: Listyanto T , Nichols J D , Glencross K , Schoer L
Published: September 2020

The study aimed to investigate the variation of density and shrinkage at radial and axial directions of nine eucalypt taxas at three different sites (Muller, Convery, and Ironbolt). The data used in this research was collected from six years old trials of nine Eucalyptus taxa at those three sites. Density and shrinkage were collected from 145 selected trees based on British Standard (BS 373 1957). A two-way analysis of variance and Tukey HSD were used to analysis density and shrinkage parameters. The effect of site, taxa, and interaction between sites and taxas on oven-dry density and shrinkage were statistically significant different (p<0.05). In terms of density, Corymbia variegata provenance Wodum had the highest oven-dry density at 781 kg/m3 (CV=11.7%). There was a significant variation in oven-dry density at the radial and axial directions. The oven-dry density at Diameter at Breast Height (DBH) of all taxas, except E. cloeziana and the hybrid E. grandis x E. camaldulensis, tended to be lower than at the top point of measurement (TMS). In terms of variation in the radial direction, there were three types of trends of oven-dry density from pith outward. In terms of shrinkage, C. variegata provenance Richmond and Wodum, and E. saligna had the lowest radial shrinkage, tangential shrinkage and T/R ratio, while E. dunnii and E. pilularis showed the highest one. Another important finding is that the hybrid between E. grandis x E. camaldulensis and E. urophylla x E. grandis showed higher radial and tangential shrinkage than their parent species (E. grandis).
Comparing wood anatomy of root and stem of Syzygium sp from natural tropical forest of Papua
Authors: Rahayu Y , Husodo S B
Published: September 2020

Root and stem wood anatomy of Syzygiumspfrom the natural tropical forest of Fakfak Districts, Papua Barat, Indonesia were studied. The study focused on vessel, fiber and parenchyma. Growth increments are not distinct, yet we observed that Syzygiumsphas diffuse porosity and predominantly paratracheal with winged aliform of axial parenchyma in the wood of both root and stem. Many qualitative features were varying in the same way in both root and stem: simple perforation plates in vessel elements; large areas of axial parenchyma in both root and stem wood. Quantitative features differing between root and stem wood were evaluated using t-test, and vessel frequency, vessel element length, vessel diameter, percentage of tree wood’s tissues, and vulnerability are differed. Root wood had vessels density/frequency, narrower and longer vessel elements. We assumed that root wood is less vulnerability of embolism compared to the stem wood as the narrower of the vessel diameter and the higher percentage of parenchyma area. Roots seem to be more susceptible to water stress and the stain than the stem as seen in the percentage and the dimension of the vessel and parenchyma.