bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Rethinking Populism: Peak democracy, liquid identity and the performance of sovereignty
Authors: Blühdorn Ingolfur , Butzlaff Felix
Published: February 2018

Despite the burgeoning literature on right-wing populism, there is still considerable uncertainty about its causes, its impact on liberal democracies and about promising counter-strategies. Inspired by recent suggestions that (1) the emancipatory left has made a significant contribution to the proliferation of the populist right; and (2) populist movements, rather than challenging the established socio-political order, in fact stabilize and further entrench its logic, this article argues that an adequate understanding of the populist phenomenon necessitates a radical shift of perspective: beyond the democratic and emancipatory norms, which still govern most of the relevant literature. Approaching its subject matter via democratic theory and modernization theory, it undertakes a reassessment of the triangular relationship between modernity, democracy and populism. It finds that the latter is not helpfully conceptualized as anti-modernist or anti-democratic but should, instead, be regarded as a predictable feature of the form of politics distinctive of today’s third modernity.
Electronic Information Systems: In search of responsive social work
Authors: Devlieghere Jochen , Roose Rudi
Published: February 2018

The informational context in which social work has been operating over the past decade has gained much more significance. In this context, Electronic Information Systems are often implemented with the aim of being responsive to the needs of children and families. However, research has critically identified some major concerns with using Electronic Information Systems in ways that tend to reduce social work to a technical practice. As a result, practitioners and managers are using their discretion to shape and bend regulations precisely in order to achieve responsive social work practice. In this paper, our aim is to capture the meaning of these strategies for the development of responsive social work. To do so, we interviewed social practitioners working with Electronic Information Systems on a daily basis.

Findings

Our results show how practitioners develop a diversity of strategies to recreate the relational aspect of social work, thereby challenging the hypothesis that this was curtailed by the use of Electronic Information Systems.

Applications

By fleshing out the meaning of the strategies practitioners use in their daily practice, we aim to contribute to the contemporary debate about the use of these strategies in social work practice. At the same time, it is also important to understand the meaning of these strategies in relation to the development of responsive social work as this development cannot be reduced to a mere relational practice where principles of justice, equality and solidarity are not equally considered.
Archaeological ethnography of an indigenous movement: Revitalization and production in a Skolt Sámi community
Authors: Magnani Matthew , Magnani Natalia
Published: February 2018

Indigenous social movements contest histories of relocation, assimilation, and inequality. Archaeologists too have identified such processes in recent and deeper time. But what can ongoing sites of indigenous resistance tell us about those of the archaeological record, and what is the value in the present of linking such phenomena through time? The production of material culture embodies the motivations and constraints of these movements. Objects made and used promise to bridge temporalities, yet have been largely overlooked by anthropologists. To strengthen the ability to theorize such movements, we carry out an archaeological ethnography with the Skolt Sámi community of Arctic Finland. We focus our analysis on revitalization movements—a phenomena recognized at archaeological sites from the Pueblo homelands to western Europe—whereby communities intentionally direct cultural change in response to social stress. We bring anthropological conceptions of revitalization into dialogue with definitions of the term enacted by indigenous communities. The study analyzes the revival of technologies associated with Skolt lifeways: a boat made of planks sewn together with pine roots, and tools used to process inner pine bark. We establish the essential role that production of material culture plays in contemporary indigenous movements, and consider these new insights to critically evaluate and build on archaeological conceptions of revitalization.

Nuõrttsää'mkˇiõll ( Skolt Sámi) Alggmeerlaž liikkõõzz kˇiõtt´tâʹlle kolonialiism da assimilaatio historia. Arkeoloog še lie kaunnâm nåkam proseezzid mõõnnâmääiʹjest. Leâša mâiʹd vuäitt ânn’jõž alggmeerlaž vuâsttlâʹsttmõš čuäʹjted miʹjjid seämmanallšem šõddmõõžži pirr mõõnnâmääiʹjest, da mõõn diõtt lij vääžnai raajjâd õhttvuõđ tuâl’jõž- da ânn’jõžääiʹj kõʹskˇkˇe? Ko kˇiõččâp kääuʹnid, kook lie rajjum da õnnum nåkam liikkõõzzi ääiʹj, vueiʹttep õhtteed tuâl’jõž da ânn’ jõž sosiaalaž proseezzid. Nåkam liikkõõzzi fiʹttjõõzz nâânummuž diõtt muäna tueʹjjeep ânn’jõž arkeoloog projeekt aarktlaž Lääʹddjânnam nuõrttsääʹm-meerin. Muäna kõskkeep analyysân jeäll’tummša - kååʹtt lij vuåinnum arkeolooglaž pääiʹkˇin Pueblo vuuʹdest viõstâr Euroʹppe – koin õhttsažkååʹdd åʹcce muttâz vasttõsân kulttuurlaž da sosiaal stressa. Tuʹtkˇkˇõs analysâstt sääʹmjieʹllemvuâkka õhttneei teknologia jäll’jummuž: pieʹʒʒ vueʹddivuiʹm njõʹđđum võnnâz da tuâjjneävv, koin låʹhteet pieʹʒʒ. Muäna čiõʹlǧǧeep aunnsallaš kulttuur puuttõõzz vääžnai rool alggmeerlaž liikkõõzzin tääʹl, da väʹlddep lokku täid ođđ fiʹttjõõzzid ko ärvvtõõllâp da raajjâp arkeolooglaž jurddi jeäll’tummšest. Muäna eʹtkˇkˇeep, što jeeʹres ääiʹjin da pääiʹkˇin šõddâm vuâsttlâʹsttmõõžži õhttummuš nâânad õhttvuõdid alggmeeri kõõskâst tääʹl pirr maaiʹlm.
Landscapes of Production and Punishment: Convict labour in the Australian context
Authors: Tuffin Richard , Gibbs Martin , Roberts David , Maxwell-Stewart Hamish , Roe David , Steele Jody , Hood Susan , Godfrey Barry
Published: February 2018

This paper presents an interdisciplinary project that uses archaeological and historical sources to explore the formation of a penal landscape in the Australian colonial context. The project focuses on the convict-period legacy of the Tasman Peninsula (Tasmania, Australia), in particular the former penal station of Port Arthur (1830–1877). The research utilises three exceptional data series to examine the impact of convict labour on landscape and the convict body: the archaeological record of the Tasman Peninsula, the life course data of the convicts and the administrative record generated by decades of convict labour management. Through these, the research seeks to demonstrate how changing ideologies affected the processes and outcomes of convict labour and its products, as well as how the landscapes we see today were formed and developed in response to a complex interplay of multi-scalar penological and economic influences.

Areas of inquiry: Australian convict archaeology and history. The archaeology and history of Australian convict labour management. The archaeology and history of the Tasman Peninsula.
Patterns of use, survival and prognostic factors in patients receiving home mechanical ventilation in Western Australia: A single centre historical cohort study
Authors: Tan Geak Poh , McArdle Nigel , Dhaliwal Satvinder Singh , Douglas Jane , Rea Clare Siobhan , Singh Bhajan
Published: February 2018

Home mechanical ventilation (HMV) is used in a wide range of disorders associated with chronic hypoventilation. We describe the patterns of use, survival and predictors of death in Western Australia. We identified 240 consecutive patients (60% male; mean age 58 years and body mass index 31 kg m−2) referred for HMV between 2005 and 2010. The patients were grouped into four categories: motor neurone disorders (MND; 39%), pulmonary disease (PULM; 25%, mainly chronic obstructive pulmonary disease), non-MND neuromuscular and chest wall disorders (NMCW; 21%) and the obesity hypoventilation syndrome (OHS; 15%). On average, the patients had moderate ventilatory impairment (forced vital capacity: 51%predicted), sleep apnoea (apnoea-hypopnea index: 25 events h−1), sleep-related hypoventilation (transcutaneous carbon dioxide rise of 20 mmHg) and daytime hypercarbia (PCO2: 54 mmHg). Median durations of survival from HMV initiation were 1.0, 4.2, 9.9 and >11.5 years for MND, PULM, NMCW and OHS, respectively. Independent predictors of death varied between primary indications for HMV; the predictors included (a) age in all groups except for MND (hazard ratios (HRs) 1.03–1.10); (b) cardiovascular disease (HR: 2.35, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.08–5.10) in MND; (c) obesity (HR: 0.28, 95% CI: 0.13–0.62) and oxygen therapy (HR: 0.33, 95% CI: 0.14–0.79) in PULM; and (d) forced expiratory volume in 1 s (%predicted; HR: 0.93, 95% CI: 0.88–1.00) in OHS.
Minimising failure in critical lower limb ischaemia intervention: Adjuvant capillary bed recruitment is the missed opportunity
Authors: Sultan Sherif , Kavanagh Edel Patricia , Hynes Niamh
Published: February 2018

Critical limb ischaemia is the end stage of peripheral arterial disease before limb loss. Contemporary interventions to restore blood flow have high morbidity and mortality and fail to provide sustained restoration of peripheral circulation. Cell-based therapies designed to promote neovascularisation or angiogenesis have been shown in trials to be safe but clinically ineffective. Notwithstanding endless research in the area, no headway has been made in identifying a successful therapy designed specifically to target muscle disease in critical lower limb ischaemia. Thus, the quest to find an effective, lasting solution for critical lower limb ischaemia continues and requires more innovative therapeutic tactics. Our aim is to highlight the crucially interlinked role of the capillary bed, skeletal muscle mass and mitochondria in critical lower limb ischaemia patients and to identify novel therapeutic mechanisms that the vascular interventionalist can add to their armamentarium.
Kinect v2 infrared images correction
Authors: Bobovský Zdenko , Krys Václav , Mostýn Vladimír
Published: February 2018

This article presents a novel correction filter for infrared images captured by Kinect v2 sensor. Intended application areas are described and the basic concept of proposed sensory subsystem as well. Preliminary tests of the sensor Kinect v2 in real conditions gave promising results, therefore in-depth analysis of its applicability was performed. In the framework of the analysis, a relation between infrared value and a distance of captured surface was evaluated for different colors of the surface. Based on that relation and on additional information about the depth of a pixel, a correction filter was created. The filter allows improving infrared image in order to increase the success rate probability to be able to detect specific features and key points by algorithms more easily. Outputs from the filter on real conditions data sets are also presented in the article.
The Role of Environmental Design in Cancer Prevention, Diagnosis, Treatment, and Survivorship: A Systematic Literature Review
Authors: Gharaveis Arsalan , Kazem-Zadeh Mahshad
Published: February 2018

The purpose of this literature review is to provide a better understanding of the impact that environmental design can have on the process of cancer prevention, diagnosis, treatment, and survivorship. Cancer is considered a chronic disease in the United States, and more than 1.6 million new cases are diagnosed annually. New strategies of cancer care propose patient-centered services to achieve the best outcome, and researchers have found that environmental design can be an important part of improving this care. Searches were conducted in the PubMed and Google Scholar databases as well as in specific healthcare design journals such as Health Environments Research & Design, Environmental Psychology, and Environment and Behavior. The criteria for articles included in the review were (a) English-language articles related to facility design, which addressed (b) the topics of built environment in relation to cancer diagnosis, treatment, and survivorship, and were (c) published in peer-reviewed journals between 2000 and 2017. Finally, 10 articles were selected, and the contents were analyzed. The selected articles demonstrate that environmental design is one of the critical factors for success throughout the whole continuum of cancer care from diagnosis to end-of-treatment. Some of the specific conclusions from the review are that “neighborhood-oriented” design strategies can be beneficial (by providing accessibility to all facilities along the patient’s path), that access to nature for patients, staff, and visitors alike is associated with better outcomes, and that provisions for natural lighting and noise reduction are associated with cancer patients’ well-being.
Orbital apex disorders: Imaging findings and management
Authors: Goyal Pradeep , Lee Steven , Gupta Nishant , Kumar Yogesh , Mangla Manisha , Hooda Kusum , Li Shuo , Mangla Rajiv
Published: February 2018

Orbital apex disorders include orbital apex syndrome, superior orbital fissure syndrome and cavernous sinus syndrome. These disorders result from various etiologies, including trauma, neoplastic, developmental, infectious, inflammatory as well as vascular causes. In the past, these have been described separately based on anatomical locations of disease process; however, these three disorders share similar causes, diagnostic evaluation and management strategies. The etiology is diverse and management is directed to the causative process. This imaging review summarizes the pertinent anatomy of the orbital apex and illustrates representative pathological processes that may affect this region. The purpose of this review is to provide an update on the current status of diagnostic imaging and management of patients with orbital apex disorders.
Indolylarylsulfones, a fascinating story of highly potent human immunodeficiency virus type 1 non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors
Authors: Famiglini Valeria , Silvestri Romano
Published: February 2018

Indolylarylsulfones are a potent class of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors. In this review, the structure activity relationship (SAR) studies to improve the profile of sulfone L-737,126 discovered by Merck AG have been analysed with focus on introduction of the 3′,5′-dimethyl groups at the 3-phenylsulfonyl moiety, the 2-hydroxyethyl tail at the indole-2-carboxamide nitrogen, coupling of the carboxamide nitrogen with one or two glycinamide and alaninamide units, a fluorine atom at position 4 of the indole ring and correlation between configuration of the asymmetric centre and linker length. IAS derivatives look like promising drug candidates for the treatment of AIDS and related infections in combination with other antiretroviral agents.
Early detection of myocardial dysfunction using two-dimensional speckle tracking echocardiography in a young cat with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
Authors: Suzuki Ryohei , Mochizuki Yohei , Yoshimatsu Hiroki , Niina Ayaka , Teshima Takahiro , Matsumoto Hirotaka , Koyama Hidekazu
Published: February 2018

Case summary

A 5-month-old intact female Scottish Fold cat was presented for cardiac evaluation. Careful auscultation detected a slight systolic murmur (Levine I/VI). The findings of electrocardiography, thoracic radiography, non-invasive blood pressure measurements and conventional echocardiographic studies were unremarkable. However, two-dimensional speckle tracking echocardiography revealed abnormalities in myocardial deformations, including decreased early-to-late diastolic strain rate ratios in longitudinal, radial and circumferential directions, and deteriorated segmental systolic longitudinal strain. At the follow-up examinations, the cat exhibited echocardiographic left ventricular hypertrophy and was diagnosed with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy using conventional echocardiography.

Relevance and novel information

This is the first report on the use of two-dimensional speckle tracking echocardiography for the early detection of myocardial dysfunction in a cat with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy; the myocardial dysfunction was detected before the development of hypertrophy. The findings from this case suggest that two-dimensional speckle tracking echocardiography can be useful for myocardial assessment when conventional echocardiographic and Doppler findings are ambiguous.
The Residue Effects of Parental Corporal Punishment on Young Adults’ Psychological Adjustment: Evidence From Malaysia
Authors: Chong Chee-Huay , Yeo Kee-Jiar
Published: February 2018

The potential impacts of corporal punishment continue to be debated among scholars and policy makers, yet no clear picture has emerged. This study examined the relationship between parental corporal punishment and psychological adjustment among young adults ( n = 271) aged 19 to 25 years at a Malaysian public university. Participants completed measures of the ADULT PPQ: Physical Punishment Questionnaire and the ADULT PAQ: Personality Assessment Questionnaire. The findings revealed that parental corporal punishment is a prevalent phenomenon in Malaysia. All parental punishment variables, that is, harshness, justness, and forms of punishment, correlate significantly with the psychological adjustment. The study also showed that perceived parental harshness and maternal justness were found to be the strongest predictors of one’s psychological adjustment for each parent. Paternal and maternal punishment, however, do not differ significantly in predicting young adults’ psychological development. Besides that, the parental prediction model only accounted for 13% to 15% of the variance in psychological adjustment, suggesting that not every child perceived corporal punishment as parental rejection. The results showed that remembered corporal punishment is associated with greater or lesser psychosocial adjustment, depending on whether that corporal punishment was perceived as harsh or just.
Local Buzz, Global Pipelines and Hallyu: The Case of the Film and TV Industry in South Korea
Authors: Berg Su-Hyun
Published: February 2018

While the local buzz and global pipeline approach has provided a useful platform for understanding knowledge creation and diffusion in the creative industries, little attention has been paid to the complex dynamics of knowledge flows through time and space. This article examines how the dynamics of local buzz and global pipelines supported Hallyu (translated into English as the ‘Korean Wave’, which refers to the increased popularity of South Korean cultural goods outside of Korea) by analysing the Korean film and TV industry. It is argued that changes in extra-local knowledge linkages offer opportunities for the expansion of the industry, both in domestic and international markets. The main findings indicate that not only did the dynamics of local buzz and global pipelines reconfigure Hallyu but also public support policies, private sector’s exertion and increased demand in the global market promoted Hallyu.
Heart and Soul: Transferring ‘Socio-emotional Wealth’ (SEW) in Family Business Succession
Authors: Makó Csaba , Csizmadia Péter , Heidrich Balázs
Published: February 2018

The importance of the family business (FB) is not only stable but it is also improving its position in the global economy and playing a key role in the European economy. They represent 60 per cent of the employment and more than 60 million jobs in the private sector. But they face many internal challenges, of which the importance of ‘company succession’ is growing together with the need for technology renewal and attracting the right skills/talents ( PwC, 2014 ).

This article focuses on the transfer of socio-emotional wealth (SEW) as a key intangible asset during intergenerational changes in the FB ( Debicki, Kellermanns, Chrisman, Pearson, & Spencer, 2016 ; Gómez-Mehija, Takács Haynes, Núnez-Nickel, Jackobson, & Moyano-Fuentes, 2007 ; Martinez-Romero & Rojo-Ramírez, 2016). Using empirical experiences based on multi-site company case studies in three countries (Hungary, Poland and the UK), the analysis presents the transfer of the following key components of the SEW to the next generation: a trust-based social-system, generic human values (namely, openness, mutual respect, correctness, reliability and responsibility) and ‘practice based–embedded collective knowledge’. We find that a key lesson is that transferring physical assets in the succession process seems to be less important than the transfer of the intangible ones embedded in the company’s culture because of the complex, informal and dynamic nature of the transferring mechanisms and of the role they play in sustaining entrepreneurial willingness and economic success over generations.
Thermal conductivity of textile reinforcements for composites
Authors: El-Hage Yue , Hind Simon , Robitaille François
Published: February 2018

Thermal conductivity data for dry carbon fibre fabrics are required for modelling heat transfer during composites manufacturing processes; however, very few published data are available. This article reports in-plane and through-thickness thermal conductivities measured as a function of fibre volume fraction ( Vf) for non-crimp and twill carbon reinforcement fabrics, three-dimensional weaves and reinforcement stacks assembled with one-sided carbon stitch. Composites made from these reinforcements and glass fibre fabrics are also measured. Clear trends are observed and the effects of Vf, de-bulking and vacuum are quantified along with orthotropy ratios. Limited differences between the conductivity of dry glass and carbon fibre fabrics in the through-thickness direction are reported. An unexpected trend in the relationship between that quantity and Vf is explained summarily through simple simulations.
Ventilatory response to exercise in cardiopulmonary disease: the role of chemosensitivity and dead space
Authors: Weatherald Jason , Sattler Caroline , Garcia Gilles , Laveneziana Pierantonio
Published: February 2018

The lungs and heart are irrevocably linked in their oxygen (O2) and carbon dioxide (CO2) transport functions. Functional impairment of the lungs often affects heart function andvice versa. The steepness with which ventilation (V′E) rises with respect to CO2production (V′CO2) (i.e.theV′E/V′CO2slope) is a measure of ventilatory efficiency and can be used to identify an abnormal ventilatory response to exercise. TheV′E/V′CO2slope is a prognostic marker in several chronic cardiopulmonary diseases independent of other exercise-related variables such as peak O2uptake (V′O2). TheV′E/V′CO2slope is determined by two factors: 1) the arterial CO2partial pressure (PaCO2) during exercise and 2) the fraction of the tidal volume (VT) that goes to dead space (VD) (i.e.the physiological dead space ratio (VD/VT)). An alteredPaCO2set-point and chemosensitivity are present in many cardiopulmonary diseases, which influenceV′E/V′CO2by affectingPaCO2. Increased ventilation–perfusion heterogeneity, causing inefficient gas exchange, also contributes to the abnormalV′E/V′CO2observed in cardiopulmonary diseases by increasingVD/VT. During cardiopulmonary exercise testing, thePaCO2during exercise is often not measured andVD/VTis only estimated by taking into account the end-tidal CO2partial pressure (PETCO2); however,PaCO2is not accurately estimated fromPETCO2in patients with cardiopulmonary disease. Measuring arterial gases (PaO2andPaCO2) before and during exercise provides information on the real (and not “estimated”)VD/VTcoupled with a true measure of gas exchange efficiency such as the difference between alveolar and arterial O2partial pressure and the difference between arterial and end-tidal CO2partial pressure during exercise.
Evolution of respiratory function in Duchenne muscular dystrophy from childhood to adulthood
Authors: LoMauro Antonella , Romei Marianna , Gandossini Sandra , Pascuzzo Riccardo , Vantini Simone , D'Angelo Maria Grazia , Aliverti Andrea
Published: February 2018

In Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD), it is still to be determined if specific timepoints can be identified during the natural evolution of respiratory dysfunction from childhood to adulthood and if scoliosis, steroid therapy and nocturnal noninvasive mechanical ventilation (NIMV) have any effect on it.

In a 7-year retrospective study performed on 115 DMD patients (6–24 years), evaluated once or twice per year, with 574 visits in total, evolution mean curves of spirometry, lung volumes, spontaneous breathing and thoraco-abdominal pattern (measured by optoelectronic plethysmography) parameters were obtained by nonlinear regression model analysis.

While predicted values of forced vital capacity, forced expiratory volume in 1 s, and peak expiratory flow decline continuously since childhood, during spontaneous breathing the following parameters become significantly different than normal in sequence: abdominal contribution to tidal volume (lower after 14.8 years), tidal volume (lower after 17.2 years), minute ventilation (lower after 18.1 years) and respiratory rate (higher after 22.1 years). Restrictive lung pattern and diaphragmatic impairment are exacerbated by scoliosis severity, slowed by steroids treatment and significantly affected by NIMV.

Spirometry, lung volumes, breathing pattern and thoraco-abdominal contributions show different evolution curves over time. Specific timepoints of respiratory impairment are identified during disease progression. These should be considered when defining outcome measures in clinical trials and treatment strategies in DMD.
Intravenous magnesium sulfate for acute wheezing in young children: a randomised double-blind trial
Authors: Pruikkonen Hannele , Tapiainen Terhi , Kallio Merja , Dunder Teija , Pokka Tytti , Uhari Matti , Renko Marjo
Published: February 2018

Magnesium sulfate has been shown to be an effective treatment in older children with asthma exacerbations, but it has not been investigated in acute severe virus-induced wheezing in young children.

The study enrolled 61 children aged 6 months to 4 years. Inclusion criteria were severe wheezing, classified as a score of ≥6 points as assessed by the Respiratory Distress Assessment Instrument (RDAI) after initial treatment with salbutamol, and the symptoms of acute viral infection. The children were randomly allocated to receive either an infusion of magnesium sulfate (40 mg·kg−1) or 0.9% sodium chloride as a placebo infusion for 20 min. Primary outcome measure was mean change in RDAI scores from baseline to 6 h after the treatment.

Change in the severity of wheezing from baseline to 6 h after the treatment, as measured by mean±sdRDAI scores, was 4.7±2.6 in the magnesium sulfate group and 4.2±4.2 in the placebo group (difference 0.5, 95% CI −1.3 to 2.3, p=0.594).

Intravenous magnesium sulfate was ineffective in treating acute severe virus-induced wheezing in young children, in contrast to the previous efficacy demonstrated in older children.
E-cigarette vapour enhances pneumococcal adherence to airway epithelial cells
Authors: Miyashita Lisa , Suri Reetika , Dearing Emma , Mudway Ian , Dove Rosamund E , Neill Daniel R. , Van Zyl-Smit Richard , Kadioglu Aras , Grigg Jonathan
Published: February 2018

E-cigarette vapour contains free radicals with the potential to induce oxidative stress. Since oxidative stress in airway cells increases platelet-activating factor receptor (PAFR) expression, and PAFR is co-opted by pneumococci to adhere to host cells, we hypothesised that E-cigarette vapour increases pneumococcal adhesion to airway cells.

Nasal epithelial PAFR was assessed in non-vaping controls, and in adults before and after 5 min of vaping. We determined the effect of vapour on oxidative stress-induced, PAFR-dependent pneumococcal adhesion to airway epithelial cellsin vitro, and on pneumococcal colonisation in the mouse nasopharynx. Elemental analysis of vapour was done by mass spectrometry, and oxidative potential of vapour assessed by antioxidant depletionin vitro.

There was no difference in baseline nasal epithelial PAFR expression between vapers (n=11) and controls (n=6). Vaping increased nasal PAFR expression. Nicotine-containing and nicotine-free E-cigarette vapour increased pneumococcal adhesion to airway cellsin vitro. Vapour-stimulated adhesionin vitrowas attenuated by the PAFR blocker CV3988. Nicotine-containing E-cigarette vapour increased mouse nasal PAFR expression, and nasopharyngeal pneumococcal colonisation. Vapour contained redox-active metals, had considerable oxidative activity, and adhesion was attenuated by the antioxidant N-acetyl cysteine.

This study suggests that E-cigarette vapour has the potential to increase susceptibility to pneumococcal infection.
Incidence and predictive factors of lung cancer in patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis
Authors: Kato Eisuke , Takayanagi Noboru , Takaku Yotaro , Kagiyama Naho , Kanauchi Tetsu , Ishiguro Takashi , Sugita Yutaka
Published: February 2018

The incidence and risk factors of lung cancer in patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) have been poorly investigated.

We conducted a retrospective study of 632 patients with IPF to assess the incidence and risk factors of lung cancer development.

Seventy patients developed lung cancer over a median follow-up period of 3.8 years. The incidence density of lung cancer development was 25.2 cases per 1000 person-years. The most frequent type was squamous cell carcinoma (30%), the majority developed lung cancer in the peripheral lung (82.9%) and adjacent to usual interstitial pneumonia (75.7%). In a multivariate Cox regression hazard model, pack-years of smoking ≥35 and coexisting emphysema were associated with lung cancer development. The 1-, 3- and 5-year all-cause mortality rates after lung cancer diagnosis were 53.5%, 78.6% and 92.9%, respectively.

The incidence density of lung cancer is high in IPF patients and occurs more frequently in patients with smoking history of pack-years of smoking ≥35 and with coexisting emphysema. The majority of lung cancers develop adjacent to usual interstitial pneumonia. Knowledge of these factors may help direct efforts for early detection of lung cancer and disease management.
The protein kinase D1-mediated classical protein secretory pathway regulates the Ras oncogene-induced senescence response
Authors: Su Yuanyuan , Wang Pengfeng , Shen Hong , Sun Zhaomeng , Xu Chenzhong , Li Guodong , Tong Tanjun , Chen Jun
Published: February 2018

Senescent cells develop a senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP). The factors secreted by cells with a SASP have multiple biological functions that are mediated in an autocrine or paracrine manner. However, the status of the protein kinase D1 (PKD1; also known as PRKD1)-mediated classical protein secretory pathway, from the trans-Golgi network (TGN) to the cell surface, during cellular senescence and its role in the cellular senescence response remain unknown. Here, we show that the activities or quantities of critical components of this pathway, including PKD1, ADP-ribosylation factor 1 (ARF1) and phosphatidylinositol 4-kinase IIIβ (PI4KIIIβ), at the TGN are increased in senescent cells. Blocking of this pathway decreases IL-6 and IL-8 (hereafter IL-6/IL-8) secretion and results in IL-6/IL-8 accumulation in SASP-competent senescent cells. Inhibition of this pathway reduces IL-6/IL-8 secretion during Ras oncogene-induced senescence (OIS), retards Ras OIS and alleviates its associated ER stress and autophagy. Finally, targeting of this pathway triggers cell death in SASP factor-producing senescent cells due to the intracellular accumulation of massive amounts of IL-6/IL-8. Taken together, our results unveil the hyperactive state of the protein secretory pathway in SASP-competent senescent cells and its critical functions in mediating SASP factor secretion and the Ras OIS process, as well as in determining the fate of senescent cells.
Phosphorylation of ARHGAP19 by CDK1 and ROCK regulates its subcellular localization and function during mitosis
Authors: Marceaux Claire , Petit Dominique , Bertoglio Jacques , David Muriel D.
Published: February 2018

ARHGAP19 is a hematopoietic-specific Rho GTPase-activating protein (RhoGAP) that acts through the RhoA/ROCK pathway to critically regulate cell elongation and cytokinesis during lymphocyte mitosis. We report here that, during mitosis progression, ARHGAP19 is sequentially phosphorylated by the RhoA-activated kinases ROCK1 and ROCK2 (hereafter ROCK) on serine residue 422, and by CDK1 on threonine residues 404 and 476. The phosphorylation of ARHGAP19 by ROCK occurs before mitosis onset and generates a binding site for 14-3-3 family proteins. ARHGAP19 is then phosphorylated by CDK1 in prometaphase. The docking of 14-3-3 proteins to phosphorylated S422 protects ARHGAP19 from dephosphorylation of the threonine sites and prevents ARHGAP19 from relocating to the plasma membrane during prophase and metaphase, thus allowing RhoA to become activated. Disruption of these phosphorylation sites results in premature localization of ARHGAP19 at the cell membrane and in its enrichment to the equatorial cortex in anaphase leading to cytokinesis failure and cell multinucleation.
Sexual dimorphism in the width of the mouse synaptonemal complex
Authors: Agostinho Ana , Kouznetsova Anna , Hernández-Hernández Abrahan , Bernhem Kristoffer , Blom Hans , Brismar Hjalmar , Höög Christer
Published: February 2018

Sexual dimorphism has been used to describe morphological differences between the sexes, but can be extended to any biologically related process that varies between males and females. The synaptonemal complex (SC) is a tripartite structure that connects homologous chromosomes in meiosis. Here, aided by super-resolution microscopy techniques, we show that the SC is subject to sexual dimorphism, in mouse germ cells. We have identified a significantly narrower SC in oocytes and have established that this difference does not arise from a different organization of the lateral elements nor from a different isoform of transverse filament protein SYCP1. Instead, we provide evidence for the existence of a narrower central element and a different integration site for the C-termini of SYCP1, in females. In addition to these female-specific features, we speculate that post-translation modifications affecting the SYCP1 coiled-coil region could render a more compact conformation, thus contributing to the narrower SC observed in females.
Anatomic distribution of hematoma following pelvic fracture
Authors: Uludag Narin , Tötterman Anna , Beckman Mats O , Sundin Anders
Published: February 2018

Objective:

To assess the extent of pelvic hemorrhage on CT and to estimate its significance on outcome in patients with blunt high-energy pelvic trauma.

Methods:

576 patients with blunt high-energy pelvic fractures in 2005–2011 were identified in the hospital’s Trauma Registry (a major Trauma Center). 60 of these met our further inclusion criteria of initial systolic blood pressure ≤100 mmHg and pelvic-related hemorrhage. CT scans of the patients were reviewed with regard to pelvic and abdominal retroperitoneal hemorrhage, type of fracture (Tile classification) and associated injuries. Extent of hemorrhage was correlated to 30-day mortality, transfusion requirements and need of angiography. Statistical methods include Pearson’s Χ  2 test and Fisher’s exact test.

Results:

Pelvic hemorrhage extended beyond the pelvis to the abdominal area in 47% of the patients, to the thighs in 25% and to the gluteal areas in 81%. The extent of hemorrhage was significantly associated with the need for blood transfusions (p = 0.011) and angiography (p < 0.001), but not with 30-day mortality.

Conclusion:

Traumatic pelvic bleeding frequently extends beyond the true pelvis. Extrapelvic hemorrhage correlates with an increased need of transfusions, but not with 30-day mortality. Further studies are needed to assess whether present techniques to control pelvic bleeding need to be modified in order to further reduce mortality in traumatic pelvic hemorrhage.

Advances in knowledge:

The study shows localization of pelvic hemorrhage in trauma patients. It may help to select patients in need of further interventions to control bleeding.
Oncoprotein AEG-1 is an endoplasmic reticulum RNA-binding protein whose interactome is enriched in organelle resident protein-encoding mRNAs
Authors: Hsu Jack C.-C. , Reid David W. , Hoffman Alyson M. , Sarkar Devanand , Nicchitta Christopher V.
Published: February 2018

Astrocyte elevated gene-1 (AEG-1), an oncogene whose overexpression promotes tumor cell proliferation, angiogenesis, invasion, and enhanced chemoresistance, is thought to function primarily as a scaffolding protein, regulating PI3K/Akt and Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathways. Here we report that AEG-1 is an endoplasmic reticulum (ER) resident integral membrane RNA-binding protein (RBP). Examination of the AEG-1 RNA interactome by HITS-CLIP and PAR-CLIP methodologies revealed a high enrichment for endomembrane organelle-encoding transcripts, most prominently those encoding ER resident proteins, and within this cohort, for integral membrane protein-encoding RNAs. Cluster mapping of the AEG-1/RNA interaction sites demonstrated a normalized rank order interaction of coding sequence >5′ untranslated region, with 3′ untranslated region interactions only weakly represented. Intriguingly, AEG-1/membrane protein mRNA interaction sites clustered downstream from encoded transmembrane domains, suggestive of a role in membrane protein biogenesis. Secretory and cytosolic protein-encoding mRNAs were also represented in the AEG-1 RNA interactome, with the latter category notably enriched in genes functioning in mRNA localization, translational regulation, and RNA quality control. Bioinformatic analyses of RNA-binding motifs and predicted secondary structure characteristics indicate that AEG-1 lacks established RNA-binding sites though shares the property of high intrinsic disorder commonly seen in RBPs. These data implicate AEG-1 in the localization and regulation of secretory and membrane protein-encoding mRNAs and provide a framework for understanding AEG-1 function in health and disease.
Biological effects of amniotic membrane on diabetic foot wounds: a systematic review
Authors: Paggiaro André Oliveira , Menezes Andriws Garcia , Ferrassi Alexandra Donizetti , De Carvalho Viviane Fernandes , Gemperli Rolf
Published: February 2018

Objective:

The amniotic membrane has biological properties that are beneficial to the wound healing process of diabetic foot ulcers (DFU). Our aim is to analyse the scientific evidence found in literature on the use of the amniotic membrane to stimulate DFU healing.

Method:

A systematic review of amniotic membrane's influence was undertaken, using the search terms ‘placenta’ ‘diabetic foot’ ‘amnion’ and biological dressing’, assessing the outcomes ‘wound healing’ and ‘wound healing time’, in DFU. Following the inclusion and exclusion criteria, randomised controlled trials (RCT) were identified, and the risk of bias was analysed according to the Cochrane risk of bias tool. We conducted a meta-analysis of the two outcomes to evaluate the level of evidence.

Results:

We identified six clinical trials, with a total of 331 patients. The most common risks of bias in the studies were selection, attrition, and detection biases. From the meta-analysis, the difference of the intervention group (amnion) in relation to the control group was statistically significant. We found that wound healing in the group treated with amniotic membrane occurs 2.32 times more often and is 32 days faster in comparison with the group that used conventional dressings.

Conclusion:

There is statistical evidence to support the effectiveness of amniotic membrane in comparison with other conventional dressings. In addition, there is a clear tendency for the use of amniotic membrane treatment to result in a larger number of DFUs healing at a quicker rate.
QUALIDADE MICROBIOLÓGICA DO LEITE CAPRINO EM PROPRIEDADES RURAIS DA REGIÃO DE MACAÍBA/RN
Authors: Silva Joyce Bruna Paiva , Macêdo Cláudia Souza , Oliveira Sâmara Monique da Silva , Rangel Adriano Henrique do Nascimento , Mürmann Lisandra
Published: February 2018

O leite de cabra é um excelente alimento que pode garantir efeitos benéficos à saúde humana, porém suas características são facilmente alteradas pela ação de microrganismos e pela manipulação. O presente estudo teve como objetivo avaliar a qualidade microbiológica do leite caprino em 11 propriedades rurais da região de Macaíba/RN. As amostras de leite e dos swab das mãos dos ordenhadores, utensílios e tetos caprinos foram coletadas e transportadas em caixa térmica (10 ºC – 12 ºC) para o Laboratório de Engenharia de Alimentos da UFRN. Os microrganismos pesquisados foram as bactérias aeróbias mesófilas, psicrotróficos, estafilococos coagulase positiva e negativa, coliformes a 35 ºC e a 45 ºC. Com relação às mãos dos ordenhadores, 56% apresentaram contaminação por bactérias aeróbias mesófilas. Nos utensílios analisados foram encontrados, em 18,2%, coliformes a 45 ºC e estafilococos coagulase positiva, bem como estafilococos coagulase negativa (63,6%) e coliformes a 35 ºC em 27,3% das amostras. Para o leite caprino cru resfriado, 10% das amostras apresentaram contaminação por psicrotróficos e 17% apresentaram coliformes a 45 ºC. Com relação aos tetos caprinos, 52% das amostras apresentaram contagem de bactérias aeróbias mesófilas acima de 103 UFC/teto, 61% apresentaram estafilococos coagulase negativa e 10% estafilococos coagulase positiva, sendo este um dos principais agentes causadores da mastite. Assim, estes valores traduzem que medidas higiênicas precisam ser adotadas adequadamente na coleta do leite caprino cru, necessitando de orientações que capacitem os produtores para obtenção de leite de maior qualidade.
Výchova urozených dětí v českých zemích pozdního středověku v díle čtyř dobových autorů
Authors: Vašek Zdeněk
Published: February 2018

Education of Children of Noble Birth in the Czech Lands During the Late Middle Ages in the Works of Four Contemporary Authors

This study deals with fourteenth and fifteenth century (1360–1470) literary compositions which originated in the Czech Lands and deal with the education and instruction of children of royal and noble birth. The works of Emperor Charles IV, Tomáš Štítný ze Štítného (Thomas of Stitny), Pavel Žídek (Paulus Paulirinus de Praga), and Aeneas Silvius Piccolomini are compared and placed in context of the time when they were written. Emphasis is placed on features these works share regarding their contents, form, and genre.

Die Erziehung vornehmer Kinder in den böhmischen Ländern des Spätmittelalters anhand der Werke von vier zeitgenössischen Autoren

Die Studie zielt auf Schriften ab, die im 14. und 15. Jh. in böhmischem Milieu verfasst wurden und von der Erziehung von Königs- und Adelskindern handeln. Die meisten zeitgenössischen Schriften zu diesem Thema bieten vor allem eine Übersicht über die Eigenschaften und Fähigkeiten, die sich diese Kinder und jungen Menschen anzueignen haben, wenn sie ihrer Stellung in der Gesellschaft mit Erfolg gerecht werden wollen. Eingangs dieser Studie werden auch ältere einheimische Arbeiten erwähnt, die zeitgenössische Vorstellungen über die passenden Eigenschaften verzeichnen. Eine typische literarische Gattung, die der Erziehung von Adligen diente, war der Fürstenspiegel. Doch wird er durch weitere literarische Formen ergänzt, die in dieser Studie gleichfalls vorgestellt werden. Der Text konzentriert sich auf Werke Karls IV., Thomasʼ von Štítné, Paulus Paulirinusʼ de Praga (Pavel Žídek) und Enea Silvio Piccolominis. Ihre Empfehlungen und Ratschläge werden miteinander verglichen und in den Kontext ihrer Entstehungszeit gestellt. Die aus einheimischer Tradition hervorgegangenen Werke heben vor allem auf Frömmigkeit ab bzw. auf die Einhaltung religiöser Grundsätze und Regeln als wichtigste Voraussetzung einer richtigen Erziehung, und zwar auch im Falle von Paulus Paulirinus, der seine Bildung auch im Ausland erhielt. Demgegenüber zeigt die Schrift von Enea Silvio Piccolomini beispielhaft einen ganz anderen Zugang, der sich dem zeitgenössischen italienischen Humanismus verdankt.
Dva dokumenty k počátkům přípravy oslav univerzitního jubilea 1948. Generační pokus o syntézu dějin pražského vysokého učení
Authors: Sekyrková Milada , Ďurčanský Marek
Published: February 2018

Two Documents Related to Early Stages in the Preparation of Celebrations of University Jubilee in 1948. Generational Attempt at a Synthetic History of the Charles University in Prague

Our contribution deals with the genesis of organisation of celebrations of the 600th anniversary of foundation of the Charles University, which fell to April 1948. Early stages of planning can be traced all the way to the first half of the 1930s, when the highest university bodies started dealing with the issue based on the initiative of historians Jaroslav Prokeš, Otakar Odložilík, Václav Vojtíšek, František Michálek Bartoš, and Karel Kazbunda. By the time the Second World War broke out, the relevant bodies had discussed mainly the preparation of publications which were supposed to appear in connection with the jubilee. The war had severely disrupted the preparatory works and after its end, the whole process became politicised and was placed under state supervision. In appendices to the article, authors include documents which reflect the original proposed conception of a history of the university which was supposed to be written in connection with the jubilee.

 Zwei Dokumente über die beginnenden Vorbereitungen der Universitätsjubiläumsfeiern von 1948. Der Versuch einer Generation, eine Geschichte der Prager Hohen Schule zusammenzustellen

Die Materialstudie befasst sich mit der Genese der Organisation der Feiern zum 600. Jahrestag der Gründung der Karlsuniversität, die auf den April 1948 fielen. Mit den Vorbereitungen dafür wurde bereits in der ersten Hälfte der dreißiger Jahre begonnen, als sich die höchsten Universitätsorgane damit zu befassen begannen, und zwar auf Anregung der Historiker Jaroslav Prokeš, Otakar Odložilík, Václav Vojtíšek, František Michálek Bartoš und Karel Kazbunda. Bis zum Ausbruch des II. Weltkrieges hatte man insbesondere die Vorbereitung von Publikationen besprochen, die im Zusammenhang mit dem Jubiläum verfasst werden sollten. In die Vorbereitungen griff dann der Krieg spürbar ein, und nach Kriegsende wurden die Vorbereitungen politisiert und unter breitere staatliche Aufsicht gestellt. Im Anhang zu dieser Studie finden sich zwei Schlüsseldokumente ediert, die mit der ersten Vorbereitungsphase der Jubiläumsfeierlichkeiten zusammenhängen. Es handelt sich dabei einerseits um den Vorschlag der genannten Historiker, der von ihnen in der Frage der Abfassung einer Universitätsgeschichte dem Akademischen Senat der Karlsuniversität im November 1935 unterbreitet wurde, andererseits um das Sitzungsprotokoll der Kommission, die vom Professorenkollegium der Philosophischen Fakultät der Karlsuniversität zur Beurteilung des erwähnten Vorschlags delegiert worden war.
„In limine cizího světa“. Jak se v Praze vzdělávala šlechta z polsko-litevského soustátí v poslední čtvrtině 17. století
Authors: Markiewicz Anna
Published: February 2018

This study focuses on the role and importance of Prague in the education of young elite from the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth in the last quarter of the 17th century. Its aim is to outline the place this city occupied in the itineraries of educational travels, the grand tour. The author follows a select group of young polish noblemen and magnates, who studied in Prague, studied at Jesuit colleges, attended lectures at the university, and took private lessons. Based on preserved sources, especially diaries and correspondence, the study provides information concerning the education of young noblemen and follows their stay and everyday life in Prague.
„Věda a moc. Věda jako moc“. 7. mezinárodní konference Evropské společnosti pro dějiny vědy v Praze
Authors: Sekyrková Milada , Ďurčanský Marek
Published: February 2018

Conference report