bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Hydra I cluster core
Authors: Hilker M. , Richtler T. , Barbosa C. E. , Arnaboldi M. , Coccato L. , Mendes de Oliveira C.
Published: September 2018

Context. NGC 3311, the central galaxy of the Hydra I cluster, shows signatures of recent infall of satellite galaxies from the cluster environment. Previous work has shown that the line-of-sight velocity dispersion of the stars and globular clusters in the extended halo of NGC 3311 rises up to the value of the cluster velocity dispersion. In the context of Jeans models, a massive dark halo with a large core is needed to explain this finding. However, position dependent long-slit measurements show that the kinematics are still not understood.

Aims. We aim to find kinematic signatures of sub-structures in the extended halo of NGC 3311.

Methods. We performed multi-object spectroscopic observations of the diffuse stellar halo of NGC 3311 using VLT/FORS2 in MXU mode to mimic a coarse “IFU”. The slits of the outermost masks reach out to about 35 kpc of galactocentric distance. We use PPXF to extract the kinematic information of velocities, velocity dispersions and the high-order moments h3 and h4.

Results. We find a homogeneous velocity field and velocity dispersion field within a radius of about 10 kpc. Beyond this radius, both the velocities and the velocity dispersion start to depend on azimuth angle and show a significant intrinsic scatter. The inner spheroid of NGC 3311 can be described as a slow rotator. Outside 10 kpc the cumulative angular momentum is rising, however, without showing an ordered rotation signal. If the radial dependence alone is considered, the velocity dispersion does not simply rise but fills an increasingly large range of dispersion values with two well defined envelopes. The lower envelope is about constant at 200 km s−1. The upper envelope rises smoothly, joining the velocity dispersion of the outer globular clusters and the cluster galaxies. We interpret this behaviour as the superposition of tracer populations with increasingly shallower radial distributions between the extremes of the inner stellar populations and the cluster galaxies. Simple Jeans models illustrate that a range of mass profiles can account for all observed velocity dispersions, including radial MOND models.

Conclusions. The rising velocity dispersion of NGC 3311 apparently is a result of averaging over a range of velocity dispersions related to different tracer populations in the sense of different density profiles and anisotropies. Jeans models using one tracer population with a unique density profile are not able to explain the large range of the observed kinematics. Previous claims about the cored dark halo of NGC 3311 are therefore probably not valid. This may in general apply to central cluster galaxies with rising velocity dispersion profiles, where infall processes are important.
Planetary tidal interactions and the rotational evolution of low-mass stars
Authors: Gallet F. , Bolmont E. , Bouvier J. , Mathis S. , Charbonnel C.
Published: September 2018

Context. The surface angular velocity evolution of low-mass stars is now globally understood and the main physical mechanisms involved in it are observationally quite constrained. However, while the general behaviour of these mechanisms is grasped, their theoretical description is still under ongoing work. This is the case, for instance, about the description of the physical process that extracts angular momentum from the radiative core, which could be described by several theoretical candidates. Additionally, recent observations showed anomalies in the rotation period distribution of open cluster, main sequence, early K-type stars that cannot be reproduced by current angular momentum evolution models.

Aims. In this work, we study the parameter space of star-planet system’s configurations to investigate if including the tidal star-planet interaction in angular momentum evolution models could reproduce the anomalies of this rotation period distribution.

Methods. To study this effect, we use a parametric angular momentum evolution model that allows for core-envelope decoupling and angular momentum extraction by magnetized stellar wind that we coupled to an orbital evolution code where we take into account the torque due to the tides raised on the star by the planet. We explore different stellar and planetary configurations (stellar mass from 0.5 to 1.0 M⊙ and planetary mass from 10 M⊕ to 13 Mjup) to study their effect on the planetary orbital and stellar rotational evolution.

Results. The stellar angular momentum is the most impacted by the star-planet interaction when the planet is engulfed during the early main sequence phase. Thus, if a close-in Jupiter-mass planet is initially located at around 50% of the stellar corotation radius, a kink in the rotational period distribution opens around late and early K-type stars during the early main sequence phase.

Conclusions. Tidal star-planet interactions can create a kink in the rotation period distribution of low-mass stars, which could possibly account for unexpected scatter seen in the rotational period distribution of young stellar clusters.
Arabinogalaktan-Proteine (AGPs) aus dem kurzzeiterhitzten Presssaft von Echinacea purpurea
Authors: Classen Birgit
Published: September 2018

Presssäfte der oberirdischen Teile von Echinacea purpurea (L.) Moench werden als unspezifische Immunstimulanzien eingesetzt. Als potenzielle Wirkstoffe werden hoch molekulare Polysaccharide bzw. Glykoproteine, insbesondere Arabinogalaktan-Proteine (AGPs), diskutiert. Aus dem kurzzeiterhitzten Presssaft von Echinacea purpurea wurde daher eine hochmolekulare Arabinogalaktan-Protein-Fraktion durch spezifische Fällung mit Yariv‘s Reagenz isoliert und charakterisiert. Es konnte gezeigt werden, dass die Hauptstrukturelemente des Polysaccharidanteils der AGPs denen des unbehandelten Presssaftes entsprechen und dass der AGP-Gehalt im Vergleich zu Ethanol-stabilisierten Presssäften um ein Vielfaches erhöht ist. Für Arabinogalaktan-Proteine aus den oberirdischen Teilen des Roten Sonnenhuts konnten in vitro bereits verschiedene immunmodulierende Aktivitäten nachgewiesen werden.
Ein Spital für Traditionelle Thailändische Medizin
Authors: Burri Josef
Published: September 2018

Traditionelle Thailändische Medizin (TTM) fließt ins Behandlungsangebot der Krankenhäuser ein. Neben dem Ausbau von Lehre und Forschung und ergänzend zur weit verbreiteten Anwendung von TTM im Alltag der Thai hält das überlieferte und weiterentwickelte lokale Heilwissen auch Einzug in die Spitäler. Federführend bei diesem Prozess war ein Provinzspital, das den unaussprechlichen Namen Abhaibhubejhr-Hospital trägt. Es spielte auch eine Pionierrolle bei der Forschung und Konfektionierung von phytotherapeutischen Zubereitungen.
The Protective Effect of Heparin in a Dog Model of Rethrombosis Following Pharmacologic Thrombolysis
Authors: Voytik Sherry , Badylak Stephen F , Burke Sandra , Klabunde Richard E , Henkin Jack , Simmons Abby
Published: September 2018

Rethrombosis is an important clinical problem for patients who have benefitted from pharmacologic thrombolysis. The present study describes a dog model of arterial thrombosis, which includes endothelial denudation, intimal damage, and stenosis, and is suitable for studying the phenomena of both thrombolysis and subsequent rethrombosis. The model was used to determine the effect of tissue-type plasminogen activator (t-PA), high and low dose heparin, and saline upon the incidence of rethrombosis after t-PA-induced thrombolysis. Initial thrombolysis with reflow was achieved with 0.4 mg/kg t-PA, intravenous bolus injection, followed immediately by 0.4 mg/kg t-PA, 30 min infusion, in 40 of 42 dogs (95%) that had an occlusive, 125I-labelled thrombus created in a segment of femoral artery. The 40 dogs in which reperfusion was achieved were randomly sorted into 4 groups of 10 each which then received either saline, t-PA (0.4 mg kg−1 infused over 1 h), low dose heparin (500 U bolus injection then 250 U h−1 for 24 h), or high dose heparin (1,500 U bolus injection then 500 U h−1 for 24 h). Sixty percent (6/10) of the saline treated dogs showed occlusive rethrombosis at 24 h. The incidence of occlusive rethrombosis was 9/10 in the t-PA treated group (p = NS), 3/10 in the lowdose heparin treated group (p = NS), and 0/10 in the high dose heparin treated group (p <0.01). Two smaller groups consisting of 5 dogs each were treated with either saline or high dose heparinalone (no t-PA). None of the dogs in either group showed thrombolysis with reflow. All of the high dose heparin treated dogs and half of the low dose heparin treated dogs had prolonged values for the prothrombin time, activated partial thromboplastin time, and thrombintime through 24 h. All dogs treated with t-PA followed by additional t-PA had transient prolongations of the coagulation test values and also had a decrease in the plasma α2-antiplasmin concentration. These results suggest that heparin, when givenin high enough doses to cause risk of hemorrhage, provides protection against arterial rethrombosis following t-PA induced thrombolysis in a dog model of this clinically relevant problem.
Recurrent Chronic Subdural Hematoma: Clinical and Imaging Risk Factors
Authors: Abdennebi Benaissa , Al Shamiri Maher
Published: September 2018

Background Chronic subdural hematoma (CSDH) is a major cause of neurosurgical emergencies in the elderly. Despite the use of routine surgical practices, recurrence of this condition is expected. This study was conducted to identify the risk factors (RF) for recurrent CSDH.

Methods Between January 2016 and July 2017, 103 consecutive patients suffering from CSDH were admitted to our department. The no-recurrence group (NRG) consisted of 91 patients, and the recurrence group (RG) consisted of 12 patients. To identify the RF involved in recurrent CSDH, we analyzed multiple factors, including patient comorbidities and imaging data.

Results Between the two groups, there were no statistical differences (p > 0.05) for head trauma, diabetes mellitus (DM), high blood pressure, heart diseases, anticoagulation agents, or seizures; however, DM was associated with one of the above-mentioned factors. In contrast, there were significant differences for antiplatelet agents (APA) (p < 10–6) and the right side of the hematoma location (p = 0.03).

Conclusion Although the literature highlights the controversy regarding RF for CSDH, we detected APA and the right side as RF, whereas DM alone or associated with another comorbidity does not affect the CSDH outcome.
Dexmedetomidine for Sedation of Neonates with HIE Undergoing Therapeutic Hypothermia: A Single-Center Experience
Authors: O'Mara Keliana , Weiss Michael
Published: September 2018

Hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) is a significant cause of morbidity and mortality in neonates. Therapeutic hypothermia reduces the risk of death or disability. Providing optimal sedation while neonates are undergoing therapeutic hypothermia is likely beneficial but may present therapeutic challenges. There are limited data describing the use of dexmedetomidine for sedation in patients undergoing therapeutic hypothermia. The objective of this study is to evaluate the efficacy and short-term safety of dexmedetomidine infusion for sedation in term neonates undergoing therapeutic hypothermia for HIE.
Two-cluster spiking activity induced by a subthreshold periodic stimulus in homogenous neuronal ensembles
Authors: Liang Xiaoming
Published: September 2018

We study the spiking activity of globally coupled excitable neurons in the presence of a subthreshold periodic stimulus. We find that the neuronal ensemble may spontaneous form two synchronized clusters of spiking activity, though it is impossible for an isolated neuron spiking under the same stimulus. We further reveal that the different initial states of the neurons and the coupling strength are two essential components for the onset of the two-cluster spiking activity. We finally analyze the mechanism behind the subthreshold periodic stimulus-sustained activity.
High performance top gate a-IGZO TFT utilizing siloxane hybrid material as a gate insulator
Authors: Kulchaisit Chaiyanan , Bermundo Juan Paolo Soria , Fujii Mami N. , Ishikawa Yasuaki , Uraoka Yukiharu
Published: September 2018

We demonstrated gate insulators (GI) fabricated by solution process with the aim of replacing traditional vacuum processed GI. We selected solution siloxane-based material due to its extremely high thermal resistance, excellent transparency, flexibility, and simple cost-effective fabrication. We made top gate TFT by depositing a siloxane gate insulator through spin-coating technique on a-IGZO. For comparison, we measured a conventional a-IGZO TFT using SiO2 as a GI for a reference. The TFTs with siloxane GI showed extremely high mobility (µ= 22±3 cm2·V-1·s-1), ultra-smooth interface (no hysteresis), and including other suitable electrical characteristics that are promising to enable the possibility to fabricate high performance all-solution processed devices in the future.
Effect of rectangular grooves and checkerboard patterns on the electron emission yield
Authors: Pierron J. , Inguimbert C. , Belhaj M. , Puech J. , Raine M.
Published: September 2018

The effect of rough structures on the electron emission under electron impact between 10 eV and 2 keV is investigated with a new version of the low energy electromagnetic model of GEANT4 (MicroElec). The inelastic scattering is modeled, thanks to the dielectric function theory and the Mott's model of partial waves to describe the elastic scattering. Secondary electron emission is modeled for grooved and checkerboard patterns of different dimensions for aluminum and silver. The analyses are performed according to two shape parameters h/L and d/L, h being the height, L the width of the structures, and d the spacing between two neighboring structures. The secondary electron emission is demonstrated to decrease when h/L and d/L ratios increase. When the height reaches 10 times the lateral dimensions, the electron emission yield is divided by two compared to that of a flat sample. The optimization of the two aspect ratios leads to a reduction of the electron emission yield of 80% for grooved patterns and of 98% for checkerboard patterns. This purely geometric effect is similar for aluminum and silver materials. A simple analytical model, capable of reproducing the effect on the electron emission yield of checkerboard and grooved patterns, is proposed. This model is found to be in good agreement with the Monte Carlo simulations and some experimental measurements performed in our irradiation facility.
A quasi-coaxial HV rolled pulse forming line
Authors: Yu Bin-Xiong , Su Jian-Cang , Li Rui , Cheng Jie , Zheng Lei , Bo Zeng , Xu Xiu-Dong , Gao Peng-Cheng
Published: September 2018

A quasi-coaxial high-voltage (HV) rolled pulse forming line (rolled PFL) is researched in this paper. The PFL is rolled n circles on a support cylinder simultaneously by two layers of copper foil electrodes and two layers of insulation dielectrics. The first circle of the two electrodes are elicited in opposite directions along the axis, acting as the quasi-coaxial output structure of the PFL, and the left n − 1 circles of the PFL form a complete rolled strip line of n − 1 circles. The rolled PFL is convenient to realize HV insulation and is able to output a pulse with good quality. Characteristic parameters of the PFL are designed theoretically. Besides, the pulse discharge process of the PFL is simulated by computer simulation technology (CST) modeling, and the simulation result verifies the correctness of theory design. Furthermore, a rolled PFL with a characteristic impedance of 4.4 Ω is developed. The test characteristic impedance of the developed PFL by the incident pulse method confirms to the theory design. The discharge voltage waveform with a full width at half maximum of 57 ns of the PFL is acquired, which has a rise time of 6.8 ns. The HV test of the rolled PFL is carried out, and a discharge current pulse with an amplitude of 7 kA is acquired when the PFL is charged to 70 kV. It is calculated that the developed PFL has an energy storage density of 2.5 J/l. A Tesla generator based on 13 stages of rolled PFLs is designed, which is expected to output a 450 kV pulse with a duration of 100 ns on a 40-Ω match load. The discharge waveform of the generator is simulated by the CST software. The simulative output pulse has a rise time of 5 ns, with a flattop jitter less than 5%.
Sensitive detection schemes for small variations in the damping coefficient based on the Duffing-Holmes oscillator with a potential application in magnetic sensing
Authors: Aledealat K. , Khasawinah K. , Obeidat A. , Gharaibeh M. , Jaradat A. , Hasan (Qaseer) M. K. , Rousan A. A.
Published: September 2018

In this work we proposed two detection schemes based on the non-linear properties of the Duffing-Holmes oscillator for the detection of small variations in the damping coefficient. Theoretically, variations in the damping coefficient up to 0.001% with the possibility to be pushed further can be detected based on our model. A potential on-off magnetic sensor suitable for biomedical applications is suggested by implementing these two schemes with Giant Magnetoresistance based magnetic sensors.
Ultrahigh detection sensitivity exceeding 105 V/W in spin-torque diode
Authors: Zhang Like , Fang Bin , Cai Jialin , Carpentieri Mario , Puliafito Vito , Garescì Francesca , Amiri Pedram Khalili , Finocchio Giovanni , Zeng Zhongming
Published: September 2018

Microwave detection has a huge number of applications in physics and engineering. It has already been shown that biased spin torque diodes have performance overcoming the CMOS counterpart in terms of sensitivity. In this regard, the spin torque diodes are promising candidates for the next generation of microwave detectors. Here, we show that the optimization of the rectification process based on the injection locking mechanism gives an ultrahigh sensitivity exceeding 200 kV/W with an output resistance below 1 kΩ while maintaining the advantages over other mechanisms such as vortex expulsion or non-linear resonance, to work without a bias magnetic field.
Inhibition of cIAP1 as a strategy for targeting c-MYC–driven oncogenic activity
Authors: Li Haoyan , Fang Yanjia , Niu Chunyi , Cao Hengyi , Mi Ting , Zhu Hong , Yuan Junying , Zhu Jidong
Published: September 2018

Significance

Dysregulated expression of master transcription factor c-MYC has been shown to promote proliferation and cell survival programs in cancer cells to mediate resistance to anticancer therapies and promote metastasis. Development of pharmacological agents to inhibit c-MYC as an anticancer therapy is a longstanding but elusive goal in the cancer field. Our study provides a potential widely applicable pharmacological strategy for targeting c-MYC–driven oncogenic activity by inhibiting cIAP1 E3 ubiquitin ligase activity as a treatment for cancers. Furthermore, we demonstrate the pharmacological interference in the dynamic interaction of an E3 ubiquitin ligase with its E2s as a strategy for inhibiting ubiquitination reactions.
VarSelLCM: an R/C++ package for variable selection in model-based clustering of mixed-data with missing values
Authors: Marbac Matthieu , Sedki Mohammed
Published: September 2018

VarSelLCM allows a full model selection (detection of the relevant features for clustering and selection of the number of clusters) in model-based clustering, according to classical information criteria. Data to be analyzed can be composed of continuous, integer and/or categorical features. Moreover, missing values are managed, without any pre-processing, by the model used to cluster with the assumption that values are missing completely at random. Thus, VarSelLCM also allows data imputation by using mixture models. A Shiny application is implemented to easily interpret the clustering results.

Availability and implementation

VarSelLCM is available to download at https://CRAN.R-project.org/package=VarSelLCM/.

Tutorial

vignette is available online at http://varsellcm.r-forge.r-project.org/

Supplementary information

Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Acute kidney injury associated with lymphangitic carcinomatosis
Authors: Sannier Aurélie , Dupuis Emmanuel , Berger Anne Katrin , Bischofs Christian , Massy Ziad A , Seidowsky Alexandre
Published: September 2018

Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a major complication in patients with cancer, associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Only two cases of kidney lymphangitic carcinomatosis associated with AKI have been reported, in gastric and colorectal adenocarcinoma. Here, we report on a 53-year-old man with pancreatic adenocarcinoma who developed AKI as a result of kidney lymphangitic carcinomatosis. The patient rapidly became anuric and required haemodialysis. Kidney lymphangitic carcinomatosis should be considered as a cause of AKI in patients with cancer and may become a more frequent clinical finding as patients with metastatic carcinoma survive for longer.
Appendectomy for Therapy-Refractory Ulcerative Colitis Results in Pathological Improvement of Colonic Inflammation: Short-Term Results of the PASSION Study
Authors: Sahami S , Wildenberg M E , Koens L , Doherty G , Martin S , D’Haens G R A M , Cullen G , Bemelman W A , Winter D , Buskens C J
Published: September 2018

Background and Aims

The objective of this study was to examine the modulating effect of an appendectomy on the disease course of therapy-refractory ulcerative colitis [UC] patients, and to analyse appendiceal pathological characteristics predictive of pathological response.

Methods

Patients with therapy-refractory UC, and referred for proctocolectomy, were invited to undergo laparoscopic appendectomy first. The primary end points were clinical response after 3 and 12 months. Secondary end points were endoscopic remission, failure, and pathologic response. Appendiceal specimens, and pre- and post-operative biopsies were histologically graded according to the validated Geboes score.

Results

Thirty patients [53% male] with a median age of 40 (interquartile range [IQR], 33–47) underwent appendectomy, with a median preoperative total Mayo score of 9 [IQR, 8–11]. After 12 months, 9 patients [30%] had lasting clinical response, of whom 5 [17%] were in endoscopic remission. Pathological evaluation was possible in 28 patients. After a median of 13.0 weeks [range 7–51], pathological response was seen in 13 patients [46%], with a median decrease of 2 points [range 1–3]. Appendiceal inflammation was highly predictive of pathological response when compared with no inflammation or extensive ulcerations [85% vs 20%, p = 0.001].

Conclusions

Appendectomy was effective in one-third of therapy-refractory UC patients, with a substantial proportion of patients demonstrating complete endoscopic remission after 1 year. Pathological response was seen in almost 50% of patients and was related to active inflammation in the appendix, limited disease, and shorter disease duration. These early results suggest that there is a UC patient group that may benefit from appendectomy.
Aortic stenosis exacerbates flow aberrations related to the bicuspid aortic valve fusion pattern and the aortopathy phenotype
Authors: Shan Yan , Li Jun , Wang Yongshi , Wu Boting , Barker Alex J , Markl Michael , Wang Chunsheng , Wang Xiaolin , Shu Xianhong
Published: September 2018

OBJECTIVES

A bicuspid aortic valve (BAV) is characterized by variable phenotypic manifestations, as well as longitudinal evolution of valve dysfunction and ascending aorta dilatation. The present study investigated the impact of severe aortic stenosis (AS) on the flow patterns and wall shear stress (WSS) distribution in BAV patients with right–left (RL) and right-non-coronary (RN) cusp fusion types, and the study aimed to reveal whether aortic dysfunction could further alter intrinsic aortic haemodynamic aberrations generated by abnormal BAV cusp fusion patterns.

METHODS

Four-dimensional flow magnetic resonance imaging was performed in 120 BAV subjects and 20 tricuspid aortic valve controls. BAV patients were evenly categorized into 4 cohorts, including RL and RN BAV with no more than mild aortic dysfunction as well as RL and RN BAV-AS with isolated severe AS.

RESULTS

BAV subjects exhibited eccentric outflow jets resulting in regional WSS elevation at the right-anterior position of the ascending aorta in the RL group and the right-posterior location in the RN group (P < 0.005). The presence of severe AS resulted in accelerated outflow jets and more prominent flow and WSS eccentricity (P < 0.005) by marked helical (P = 0.014) and vortical flow formation (P < 0.005), as well as increased prevalence of tubular and transverse arch dilatation. The changes to the flow jet in BAV-AS subjects blurred the differences in peak flow velocity and WSS distribution between RL and RN BAV. Differences in the phenotypes of aortopathy were associated with changes in functional haemodynamic parameters such as flow displacement and WSS eccentricity.

CONCLUSIONS

Severe AS markedly exacerbated aortic flow aberrations in BAV patients and masked the existing distinct flow features deriving from RL and RN fusion types. Longitudinal studies are needed to investigate the evolution of ascending aortic dilatation relative to the interaction between intrinsic cusp fusion types and acquired severe valve dysfunction.
Generalized notions of sparsity and restricted isometry property. Part I: a unified framework
Authors: Junge Marius , Lee Kiryung
Published: September 2018

The restricted isometry property (RIP) is an integral tool in the analysis of various inverse problems with sparsity models. Motivated by the applications of compressed sensing and dimensionality reduction of low-rank tensors, we propose generalized notions of sparsity and provide a unified framework for the corresponding RIP, in particular when combined with isotropic group actions. Our results extend an approach by Rudelson and Vershynin to a much broader context including commutative and non-commutative function spaces. Moreover, our Banach space notion of sparsity applies to affine group actions. The generalized approach in particular applies to high-order tensor products.
Acute Abdomen in Pediatric Patients With Lassa Fever: Prevalence and Response to Nonoperative Management
Authors: Akpede George O , Adetunji Adewale E , Udefiagbon Ernest O , Eluehike Sylvester O , Odike Angela I , Ewah-Odiase Rosemary O , Omosofe Folorunso O , Akerele Johnbull M , Atafo Rebecca O , Okonofua Martha O , Onyeke Imonifome , Oyedeji Omobolaji A , Mbanefo Kaine , Ogbaini-Emovon Ephraim , Okokhere Peter O , Günther Stephan , Dongo Andrew E
Published: September 2018

Few reports on the prevalence of acute abdomen (AAbd) in pediatric patients with Lassa fever (LF) are available, and no firm policy on its management exists. Here, we report on its prevalence in and the response to treatment among a cohort of children with confirmed LF. Six (10.3%) of 58 children with LF had AAbd, whereas 6 (2.8%) of 215 children with AAbd had LF. Nonoperative treatment was successful in 5 of the 6 children with both AAbd and LF. We conclude that AAbd is not uncommon in pediatric patients with LF, and it could be responsive to nonoperative treatment. Testing for LF in all children with febrile AAbd might be justified in areas in which LF is endemic.
Resources, Values, Identity: Young Cosmopolitans and the Referendum on British Membership of the European Union
Authors: Ehsan Rakib , Sloam James
Published: September 2018

In the aftermath of the global financial crisis, we have witnessed a resurgence in nationalism, Euroscepticism and populist politics in Europe and the United States. Young people have borne the brunt of this crisis. Yet, in the 2016 UK referendum, the vast majority of younger citizens voted for Britain to remain in the European Union. But why did they do so? Drawing upon a bespoke survey of 1351 18- to 30-year-olds, this article investigates the relative importance of socio-demographic factors, post-materialist values and primary self-identification. It finds that positive views about cultural diversity and being a full-time student were the greatest predictors of a young person voting Remain, whilst no significant association is found between higher educational attainment and voting Remain at the multivariate level. Setting the EU referendum within the broader context of youth politics, the article also identifies the existence of cosmopolitan values amongst young Remainers. This has major implications for both our understanding of the success of Jeremy Corbyn and the Labour Party amongst young voters in the 2017 general election, and the challenges the Conservative Party faces with regard to establishing support among Britain’s young cosmopolitans for future elections.
Identifying “real-world” initiatives for knowledge translation tools: a case study of community-based physical activity programs for persons with physical disability in Canada
Authors: D’Urzo Katrina A , Man Kristiann E , Bassett-Gunter Rebecca L , Latimer-Cheung Amy E , Tomasone Jennifer R
Published: September 2018

“Real-world” initiatives represent an important source of information for evidence-based practice; however, accessing information about initiatives is often challenging. Casebooks are an innovative knowledge translation (KT) tool for researchers, practitioners, and end-users to address “research-to-implementation gaps” through sharing “real-world” experiences. Several casebooks have been published; yet, they remain inconsistent in their methodological approach for identifying “real-world” initiatives. The purpose of this project is to describe and apply systematic scoping study methods for the identification of “real-world” initiatives relevant for the development of KT tools. Specifically, systematic scoping study methods were developed to identify community-based physical activity (PA) programs for persons with physical disabilities across Canada. To identify PA programs, a search strategy was developed and included five distinct search approaches: (i) peer-reviewed literature databases, (ii) grey literature databases, (iii) customized Google search engines, (iv) targeted websites, and (v) consultation with content experts. Title screening and hand searching identified 478 potentially relevant PA programs. Full record review identified 72 PA programs that met KT tool criteria. The most comprehensive search approach was targeted websites, which identified 25 (35%) unique PA programs, followed by content experts (n = 12; 17%). Only four (5.6%) unique PA programs were identified via custom Google searching. No PA programs were uniquely identified through peer- or grey literature database searches. This study describes and applies a systematic scoping study methodology that serves as a basis for identifying and selecting “real-world” initiatives that are central to the development of evidence-based KT tools.
Inflammasomes: An Emerging Mechanism Translating Environmental Toxicant Exposure Into Neuroinflammation in Parkinson’s Disease
Authors: Anderson Faith L , Coffey Madeleine M , Berwin Brent L , Havrda Matthew C
Published: September 2018

Evidence indicates that complex gene-environment interactions underlie the incidence and progression of Parkinson’s disease (PD). Neuroinflammation is a well-characterized feature of PD widely believed to exacerbate the neurodegenerative process. Environmental toxicants associated with PD, such as pesticides and heavy metals, can cause cellular damage and stress potentially triggering an inflammatory response. Toxicant exposure can cause stress and damage to cells by impairing mitochondrial function, deregulating lysosomal function, and enhancing the spread of misfolded proteins. These stress-associated mechanisms produce sterile triggers such as reactive oxygen species (ROS) along with a variety of proteinaceous insults that are well documented in PD. These associations provide a compelling rationale for analysis of sterile inflammatory mechanisms that may link environmental exposure to neuroinflammation and PD progression. Intracellular inflammasomes are cytosolic assemblies of proteins that contain pattern recognition receptors, and a growing body of evidence implicates the association between inflammasome activation and neurodegenerative disease. Characterization of how inflammasomes may function in PD is a high priority because the majority of PD cases are sporadic, supporting the widely held belief that environmental exposure is a major factor in disease initiation and progression. Inflammasomes may represent a common mechanism that helps to explain the strong association between exposure and PD by mechanistically linking environmental toxicant-driven cellular stress with neuroinflammation and ultimately cell death.
First Report of Tomato Necrotic Spot Virus Infecting Tomato in Indiana
Authors: Bratsch Sara A. , Creswell Tom C. , Ruhl Gail E.
Published: September 2018

During the 2017 growing season, high-tunnel-grown fresh market tomatoes from an Indiana producer were identified with virus-like symptoms. Foliar symptoms included necrotic spotting and flecking, and stems had necrotic streaks. Fruit had an extensive pattern of necrotic concentric lines, spots, and scabbing, making them unsaleable. Around 5% of the plants exhibited symptoms. Degenerate Ilarvirus group-specific primers identified the virus as belonging to the Ilarvirus group. Primers designed to amplify the coat protein identified the virus as tomato necrotic spot virus, previously only reported in processing tomatoes in California.
Need for Thorough Standardization of CO2 Laser Evoked Potential Procedure
Authors: Tudor Katarina I. , Petravić Damir , Krbot Skorić Magdalena , Išgum Velimir
Published: September 2018

Purpose:

The objective of this study was to determine normative values of laser evoked potentials and anthropometric correlations in a healthy middle-aged working population.

Methods:

In 51 subjects, CO2 laser stimulation was applied bilaterally onto dorsal surface of the feet, hands, and neck using constant duration of stimulus and beam diameter, changing just the intensity of stimulation. Amplitudes and latencies of the laser evoked potential negative–positive complex were recorded, and relationship with height, age and gender was statistically analyzed.

Results:

There was a significant correlation between the latencies obtained for feet, hands, and height. P2 amplitudes for feet, hands, and neck, and negative–positive pk-pk amplitudes for hands and neck correlated negatively with age. The values obtained did not differ significantly between male and female gender, except for N2 latencies for hands.

Conclusions:

Clinically useful reference values for laser evoked potentials in a healthy middle-aged population were provided, which are interesting from the physiological point of view.
c-Myc inhibition is critical for HSC expansion and Rad51 expression
Authors: Aksoz Merve , Albayrak Esra , Aslan Galip Servet , Turan Raife Dilek , Alyazici Lamia Yazgi , Siyah Pinar , Tuysuz Emre Can , Canikyan Serli , Yucel Dogacan , Meric Neslihan , Gulbas Zafer , Sahin Fikrettin , Kocabas Fatih
Published: September 2018

c-Myc plays a major role in the maintenance of glycolytic metabolism and hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) quiescence. Targeting modulators of HSC quiescence and metabolism could lead to HSC cell cycle entry with concomitant expansion. Here we show that c-Myc inhibitor 10074-G5 treatment leads to 2-fold increase in murine LSKCD34low HSC compartment post 7 days. In addition, c-Myc inhibition increases CD34+ and CD133+ human HSC number. c-Myc inhibition leads to downregulation of glycolytic and cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor (CDKI) gene expression ex vivo and in vivo. In addition, c-Myc inhibition upregulates major HDR modulator Rad51 expression in hematopoietic cells. Besides, c-Myc inhibition does not alter proliferation kinetics of endothelial cells, fibroblasts or adipose derived mesenchymal stem cells, however; it limits bone marrow derived mesenchymal stem cell proliferation. We further demonstrate that a cocktail of c-Myc inhibitor 10074-G5 along with tauroursodeoxycholic acid (TUDCA) and i-NOS inhibitor L-NIL provides a robust HSC maintenance and expansion ex vivo as evident by induction of all stem cell antigens analyzed. Intriguingly, the cocktail of c-Myc inhibitor 10074-G5, TUDCA and L-NIL improves HDR related gene expression. These findings provide tools to improve ex vivo HSC maintenance and expansion, autologous HSC transplantation and gene editing through modulation of HSC glycolytic and HDR pathways.
Functional implications of impaired dynamic cerebral autoregulation in young healthy women; a comparative investigation
Authors: Labrecque Lawrence , Rahimaly Kevan , Imhoff Sarah , Paquette Myriam , Blanc Olivier Le , Malenfant Simon , Drapeau Audrey , Smirl Jonathan D. , Bailey Damian M. , Brassard Patrice
Published: September 2018

Women exhibit higher prevalence of orthostatic hypotension with presyncopal symptoms compared to men. These symptoms could be influenced by an attenuated ability of the cerebrovasculature to respond to rapid changes in blood pressure (BP) [dynamic cerebral autoregulation (dCA)]. However, the influence of sex on dCA remains equivocal. We compared dCA in 11 women (25 ± 2 y) and 11 age-matched men (24 ± 1 y) using a multimodal approach including a sit-to-stand maneuver and forced oscillations (5 min of squat-stand performed at 0.05 and 0.10 Hz). The prevalence of initial orthostatic hypotension (IOH; decrease in systolic ≥ 40 mmHg and/or diastolic BP ≥ 20 mmHg) during the first 15 sec of sit-to-stand was determined as a functional outcome. In women, the decrease in mean middle cerebral artery blood velocity (MCAvmean) following the sit-to-stand was greater (−20 ± 8 vs. -11 ± 7 cm sec-1; p=0.018) and the onset of the regulatory change (time lapse between the beginning of the sit-to-stand and the increase in the conductance index (MCAvmean/mean arterial pressure(MAP)) was delayed (p=0.007). Transfer function analysis gain during 0.05 Hz squat-stand was ∼48% higher in women (6.4 ± 1.3 vs. 3.8 ± 2.3 sec; p=0.017). The prevalence of IOH was comparable between groups (4/9 vs. 5/9, p=0.637). These results indicate the cerebrovasculature of healthy women has an attenuated ability to react to large and rapid changes in BP in the face of preserved orthostasis, which could be related to a higher cerebrovascular reserve to face a rapid transient hypotension.

NEWS & NOTEWORTHY

The novel findings of this study are that healthy women have impaired dynamic cerebral autoregulation, although the prevalence of orthostatic intolerance was similar in women and men. These results indicate the cerebrovasculature of healthy women has an attenuated ability to react to large and rapid changes in blood pressure in the face of preserved orthostasis, which could be related to a higher cerebrovascular reserve to face a rapid transient hypotension.
Estimation of task-based modulations in functional connectivity with MEG: a comparison of methods
Authors: Soto Juan L.P. , Jerbi Karim
Published: September 2018

For the assessment of functional interactions between distinct brain regions there is a great variety of mathematical techniques, with well-known properties, relative merits and shortcomings; however, the methods that deal specifically with task-based fluctuations in interareal coupling are scarce, and their relative performance is unclear. In the present article, we compare two approaches used in the estimation of correlation changes between the envelope amplitudes of narrowband brain activity obtained from magnetoencephalography (MEG) recordings. One approach is an implementation of semipartial canonical correlation analysis (SP-CCA), which is formally equivalent to the psychophysiological interactions technique successfully applied to functional magnetic resonance data. The other approach, which has been used in recent electrophysiology studies, consists of simply computing linear correlation coefficients of signals from two experimental conditions and taking their differences. We compared the two approaches with simulations and with multi-subject MEG signals acquired during a visuomotor coordination study. The analyses with simulated activity showed that computing differences in correlation coefficients (DCC) provided better discrimination between true coupling changes and spurious effects; on the other hand, SP-CCA resulted in significant effects around the reference location which were not found with DCC, and which may be due to field spread. Based on our findings, we recommend the use of DCC for the detection of task-based changes in connectivity, as it provided better performance than SP-CCA.
Label free 3D analysis of organelles in living cells by refractive index shows pre-mitotic organelle spinning in mammalian stem cells
Authors: Sandoz Patrick A. , Tremblay Christopher , Equis Sebastien , Pop Sorin , Pollaro Lisa , Cotte Yann , van der Goot F. Gisou , Frechin Mathieu
Published: September 2018

Holo-tomographic microscopy (HTM) is a label-free non-phototoxic microscopy method reporting the fine changes of a cell’s refractive indexes (RI) in 3D. By combining HTM with epifluorescence, we demonstrate that cellular organelles such as Lipid droplets and mitochondria show a specific RI signature that distinguishes them with high resolution and contrast. We further show that HTM allows to follow in unprecedented ways the dynamics of mitochondria, lipid droplets as well as that of endocytic structures in live cells over long period of time, which led us to observe to our knowledge for the first time a global organelle spinning occurring before mitosis.
Modeling slow-processing of toxin messenger RNAs in type-I Toxin-Antitoxin systems: post-segregational killing and noise filtering
Authors: Himeoka Yusuke , Mitarai Namiko
Published: September 2018

In type-I toxin-antitoxin (TA) systems, the action of growth-inhibiting toxin proteins is counteracted by the antitoxin small RNAs (sRNAs) that prevent the translation of toxin messenger RNAs (mRNAs). When a TA module is encoded on a plasmid, the short lifetime of antitoxin sRNA compared to toxin mRNAs mediates post-segregational killing (PSK) that contribute the plasmid maintenance, while some of the chromosomal encoded TA loci have been reported to contribute to persister formation in response to a specific upstream signal. Some of the well studied type-I TA systems such ashok/sokare known to have a rather complex regulatory mechanism. Transcribed full-length toxin mRNAs fold such that the ribosome binding site is not accessible and hence cannot be translated. The mRNAs are slowly processed by RNases, and the truncated mRNAs can be either translated or bound by antitoxin sRNA to be quickly degraded. We analyze the role of this extra processing by a mathematical model. We first consider the PSK scenario, and demonstrate that the extra processing compatibly ensures the high toxin expression upon complete plasmid loss, without inducing toxin expression upon acquisition of a plasmid or decrease of plasmid number to a non-zero number. We further show that the extra processing help filtering the transcription noise, avoiding random activation of toxins in transcriptionally regulated TA systems as seen in chromosomal ones. The present model highlights impacts of the slow processing reaction, offering insights on why the slow processing reactions are commonly identified in multiple type-I TA systems.
Heart evoked brain oscillatory networks and its interruption in early stages of Alzheimer’s disease
Authors: Castellanos Nazareth , Diez Gustavo G. , Pereda Ernesto , López María Eugenia , Bruña Ricardo , Bartolomé Myriam G. , Maestú Fernando
Published: September 2018

Understanding how the heart influences brain dynamics will suppose a deep change for the neuroscience, psychology and medicine. A mainstay questions is the heart modulation of resting state brain networks and its relation with both the cardiac dynamics and the cognitive status. We evaluated the heart evoked basal networks for controls and two groups of mild cognitive impairment patients, stable and progressive to Alzheimer’s disease without cardiovascular alteration symptoms. Our results in controls show that a healthy cognitive performance correlates with the heart modulation of brain dynamics in areas of the default mode network, and that the heart influence on brain networks varies along the cardiac cycle and the spectral band. However, the cognitive deficit produced by dementia correlates with the lack of heart modulation on brain activity. The heart influence on brain networks is disrupted in patients by producing hypersynchronization, accompanied by decreased cardiac complexity. We designed a surrogate and predictive procedure based on machine learning to compare the heart evoked results with the neural activity no locked to heartbeats. Based on our longitudinal data, we conclude that the prediction to progression to Alzheimer’s disease is higher when considering the heart - brain interaction than when taking into account only the brain dynamics. We can conclude that brain networks in control subjects were more responsive to the heart cycle, allowing a wealthier, more complex pattern of oscillations. Our results highlight the role of heart in cognitive neuroscience by showing that basal brain networks are modulated by the cardiac dynamics.
Taxonomic Classification of Ants (Formicidae) from Images using Deep Learning
Authors: Boer Marijn J. A. , Vos Rutger A.
Published: September 2018

The well-documented, species-rich, and diverse group of ants (Formicidae) are important ecological bioindicators for species richness, ecosystem health, and biodiversity, but ant species identification is complex and requires specific knowledge. In the past few years, insect identification from images has seen increasing interest and success, with processing speed improving and costs lowering. Here we propose deep learning (in the form of a convolutional neural network (CNN)) to classify ants at species level using AntWeb images. We used an Inception-ResNet-V2-based CNN to classify ant images, and three shot types with 10,204 images for 97 species, in addition to a multi-view approach, for training and testing the CNN while also testing a worker-only set and an AntWeb protocol-deviant test set. Top 1 accuracy reached 62% - 81%, top 3 accuracy 80% - 92%, and genus accuracy 79% - 95% on species classification for different shot type approaches. The head shot type outperformed other shot type approaches. Genus accuracy was broadly similar to top 3 accuracy. Removing reproductives from the test data improved accuracy only slightly. Accuracy on AntWeb protocol-deviant data was very low. In addition, we make recommendations for future work concerning image threshold, distribution, and quality, multi-view approaches, metadata, and on protocols; potentially leading to higher accuracy with less computational effort.