bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effect of heavy metal emission on the immune response of sheep with experimental fasciolosis
Authors: BOROŠKOVÁ Z. , BENKOVÁ M. , ŠOLTÝS J. , KRUPICER I.
Published: October 2007

The effect of industrial heavy metal emission on immune reactions was studied in lambs subsequently infected with Fasciola hepatica. The heavy metal emission (Cu,Hg,Pb,Cd,Cr,Zn) was collected from grass at 5km distance from a mercury plant. Administration of the emission for 28 days prior to infection of the animals reduced the percent circulating T‐ and B‐cell populations when compared with untreated animals and animals infected with F. hepatica only. The administration of emission had no suppressive effects on the levels of circulating antibodies to F. hepatica following infection. The intensity of liver infection with mature F. hepatica in the emission‐fed and infected lamb group increased by 21·5%. This difference in comparison with control infected animals was not significant.
Cellular and humoral responses to antigenic subunits of Echinococcus granulosus cyst fluid in hydatid patients
Authors: PROFUMO E. , ORTONA E. , RIGANO R. , GIOIA I. , NOTARGIACOMO S. , IOPPOLO S. , SIRACUSANO A.
Published: October 2007

The hydatid fluid antigenic subunits which stimulate the proliferative response of T cells in PBMC isolated by hydatid patients were identified. In the same subjects, the serum IgG antibody profiles were determined by immuno‐blotting to compare T cell activation and IgG production. The study was carried out on 18 patients with clinically and serologically diagnosed hydatidosis and on ten healthy blood donors. To assess the proliferative response to the different antigenic subunits, sheep hydatid fluid was separated by the SDS‐PAGE and the fractions were blotted onto nitrocellulose and solubilized. The comparison between immunoblotting and PBMC proliferation assay shows that the 55 and 65kDa subunits of antigen 5 and the 12kDa subunit of antigen B are the most reactive subunits in the two techniques. The 16 and 20 kDa subunits of antigen B are more reactive in PBMC proliferation assay than in immunoblotting, thus assigning a specific role to antigen B in cellular response.
Increased CD4+ T cell‐dependent anti‐erythrocyte antibody levels following the onset of parasite egg production in Schistosoma mansoni infected mice
Authors: HUMPHRIES DEBBIE , T. VELLA ANTHONY , J. PEARCE EDWARD
Published: October 2007

Anaemia has been reported to be a symptom of schistosomiasis mansoni. In other chronic infectious diseases, antired blood cell (RBC) antibodies have been suggested or shown to play a role in anaemia by participating in either complement or macrophage‐dependent RBC elimination. To examine whether such a situation could be contributing to the anaemia of schistosomiasis, we examined RBC taken from infected mice for surface‐bound antibodies. Our data show that prior to the onset of egg production infected mice have plasma haemoglobin levels that are indistinguishable from age matched controls (AMC). However, consistent with previous reports, following the initiation of egg laying, infected mice have significantly lower haemoglobin levels than AMC. Surface‐bound IgM, IgG1 and IgG3 on RBC from infected mice increased markedly after egg laying began. Levels of RBC‐associated IgG2b were similar on RBC from infected and normal mice. Antibody production against RBC was Th cell‐dependent since it did not occur in mice depleted of CD4+ cells. Antibodies eluted from RBC of infected mice bound to isolated membranes of RBC from AMC and to a soluble extract of schistosome eggs. Furthermore, antibodies in serum from mice carrying patent infections bound to the membranes of RBC from normal mice. Taken together, these data suggest that schistosome eggs induce an antibody response which may cross react with a RBC surface antigen.
Interferon‐gamma and the induction of protective lgG2a antibodies in non‐lethal Plasmodium berghei infections of mice
Authors: WAKI S. , UEHARA S. , KANBE K. , NARIUCH H. , SUZUKI M.
Published: October 2007

Mice treated with anti‐IFN‐gamma monoclonal antibodies were unable to recover from infection with an attenuated variant of P. berghei (Pb XAT) which causes non‐lethal malaria in normal mice. On the other hand, treatment with anti‐lL‐4 monoclonal antibodies had no effect on the course of infection. IFN‐gamma was produced by spleen cells in vitro during the early phase of the infection. Treatment with anti‐IFN‐gamma suppressed development of an anti‐plasmodial IgG2a immunoglobulin isotype in the serum of infected mice whereas anti‐IL‐4 interfered with the IgGl response. An lgG2a fraction of immune serum collected from mice that had recovered from Pb XA T transferred immunity to naive mice but the IgGl fraction did not. When glutaraldehyde fixed parasitized erythrocytes were incubated with immune serum in suspension, specific IgG2a antibodies were detected by fluorescein staining on the membranes of cells infected with mature stages of parasites. These results indicate that IFN‐gamma is a key to inducing B cells to produce the protective anti‐plasmodial IgG2a immunoglobulin isotype. Antibody‐dependent cell‐mediated parasite killing seems to be involved in the mechanism of recovery from infection with Pb XAT.
Detection and characterization by immunoblot analysis of potentially diagnostic Leishmania infantum polypeptides in human visceral leishmaniasis
Authors: CARDENOSA N. , RIERA C. , CORTES P. , MARCH F. , MUNOZ C. , PORTUS M. , PRATS G.
Published: October 2007

Humoral immune responses were studied in 53 sera from 18 patients with visceral leishmaniasis by immunoblot analysis. Sera from visceral leishmaniasis patients recognized antigens with molecular weights ranging from < 14kDa to more than 100 kDa. Bands ranging between 49 and < 14 kDa were the most specific. The 40, 33 and 17kDa antigens were recognized by 90%, 79% and 79% of the patients sera, respectively. Sera from one patient with Chagas' disease identified 8 of 11 antigens of the specific region. Treatment with periodate eliminated the cross‐reaction in three of these antigens (40, 29, 26 kDa). The study of serial sera collected from the different patients showed a decrease in intensity or dissappearance in some of the diagnostic bands, particularly the 17 kDa band. The band of 17 kDa seems to be useful to study the clinical evolution, for post‐treatment control and also for epidemiologic purposes. (It has been identified in 7% of control sera from endemic areas.) Immunoblot could be a valuable tool in the diagnosis of visceral leishmaniasis, being more sensitive and specific than other serologic tests.
Humoral immune response of children with chronic schistosomiasis. Isotype recognition of adult worm antigens
Authors: NOYA O. , FERMÍN Z. , NOYA B. ALARCÓN DE , LOSADA S. , COLMENARES C. , HERMOSO T.
Published: October 2007

In areas of low transmission of schistosomiasis, the evaluation of the success of control depends on reliable diagnostic tests. Under such conditions, some of the serological tests better estimate the real prevalence of this parasitosis than the classical stool examinations. On the search of highly sensitive and specific antigenic fractions for use in serological tests, an immunoblot technique with a luminescent substrate was used in order to evaluate, under dissociating and reducing conditions, the Schistosoma mansoni adult worm antigen (A WA). The sera of 30 infected Venezuelan children were assayed for specific recognition of A WA by IgG, IgM, IgE, IgA, and the four IgG subclasses. Eight highly specific polypeptide molecules from the parasite of 118,114,105, 74, 71,45,36, and 30 kDa were recognizedby total IgG. Additionally, IgGl and IgG2 recognized a molecule of 100 kDa and IgM one of 77 kDa. The present data suggests that certain molecules from the adult worm, specially the 36 kDa, might be relevant in the specific immunodiagnosis of this parasitic disease. The fact that the children antibodies were able to recognize the primary structure of these antigens, will allow us to chemically synthesize the relevant linear epitopes.,
Isotype‐specific characterization of antibody responses to Onchocerca volvulus in putatively immune individuals
Authors: STEWART GRAHAM R. , ELSON LYNNE , ARAUJO EDMUNDO , GUDERIAN RONALD , NUTMAN THOMAS B. , BRADLEY JANETTE E.
Published: October 2007

Isotypejsubclass‐specific antibody responses to adult Onchocerca volvulus extract (OvAg) were assessed by both ELISA and immunoblotting for a group of putatively immune individuals (PIs, n = 29) from a hyperendemic area in Ecuador and for a group of infected individuals (INFs, n = 47) from the same region. As a group, the Pis have been previously shown to possess lower levels of OvAg specific IgG1, IgG2, IgG3 and IgG4 than INFs but semiquantitative analysis revealed that the relative proportions of these subclasses differs between the two groups. The IgG of the PI group contained a higher proportion of IgG3 and a lower proportion of IgG4 than the INF group. The frequency distribution of IgG3 responses was similar for the PI and INF groups. The frequency distributions for IgG1, IgG4 and IgE were significantly different between the PI and INF groups. A subgroup of the Pis were identified from frequency distributions and multivariate plots of individual isotype responses as having antibody responses (mainly IgG4) possibly indicative of cryptic infection. High IgE responses were exclusive to INF individuals, and a rare response type of high IgG3 with negligible levels of other isotypes/subclasses was seen only in the PI group. However, the majority of the Pis had negligible responses for all antibody classes. Immunoblots demonstrated no obvious differences in qualitative recognition between the PIs and INFs.
NK and LAK functions in human chronic Chagas disease
Authors: STRACIERI A.B.P.L. , VOLTARELLI J.C.
Published: October 2007

Natural killer (NK) and lymphokine activated killer (LAK) functions were measured in 40 patients with chronic Chagas disease divided into asymptomatic/indeterminate (18) and symptomatic forms (22) and in 24 healthy controls. A chromium release assay was used employing K562 or P815 cell lines as targets. There was no difference in either NK or LAK activity between the three groups. A small number of patients in each group showed results above or below the normal range for controls. However, there was no correlation between NK and LAK values in the same individual. In conclusion, NK and LAK functions do not seem to be involved in the immunosuppression associated with human chronic Chagas disease.
Temporal changes in the humoral immune response of cattle during experimental infections with Onchocerca lienalis
Authors: KUO YIEN‐MING , BIANCO ALBERT E.
Published: October 2007

In order to gain insights into the immune response in onchocerciasis during early infection, laboratory‐reared calves were infected with 1000 Onchocerca lienalis infective larvae and examined serologically over a period of 508 days. Levels of serum antibodies measured by ELISA against adult worm extract revealed a multiphasic response, characterized by a broadly similar profile of peaks in individual animals arising at 15–30, 79 and >266 days after infection. Timings of these changes in responsiveness closely mirrored parasite development, coinciding with larval moults and with the onset of a patent infection. The levels of individual antibody isotypes directed against parasite antigens was strongly skewed. The dominant response was of IgG1, although limited reactivities were also found for IgG2 and IgM: No parasite‐specific IgA antibodies were detected. Immuno‐blots of adult worms extracts revealed a pattern of antigen recognition over time that matched the results obtained by ELISA. Again, the IgGl response was strongest, although certain lgG2 and IgM specificities were well represented. In general, there was a steady increase in the number of individual antigens recognized as the infection progressed, with a striking expansion of antibody specificities from day 79 following the fourth larval moult. Antibodies to a 16kDa component were a prominent feature of the response following development of a patent infection. These data reveal the strong influence of parasite biology on the development of the immune response in onchocerciasis.
Cellular and humoral immune responses to recombinant antigens in sheep infected with Toxoplasma gondii
Authors: COUGHLAN S. N. , SAMAN E. , JACOBS D. , MERCIER C. , CESBRON‐DELAUW M. F. , TREES A. J.
Published: October 2007

Immune responses to recombinant fragments of the Toxoplasma gondii antigens ROP2 and GRA2 were investigated in sheep naturally and experimentally infected with T. gondii oocysts. Specific serum antibodies to C‐terminal fragments were detected by ELISA. Cell‐mediated responses in peripheral blood mononuclear cells were demonstrated by proliferation and interferon‐gamma production following in vitro stimulation with the ROP2 fragment. This data indicates the presence of epitopes for sheep B cells in the recombinant GRA2 fragment and for both B and T cells in the ROP2 fragment.
Protective immunity against malaria: cellular changes in the liver vary according to the method of immunization
Authors: FAURE PATRICK , HULIER ELISABETH , MILTGEN FRANCOIS , RENIA LAURENT , MAZIER DOMINIQUE
Published: October 2007

Characterization of cells present in the extravascular compartment of murine liver was performed after different immunization procedures against the malaria parasite Plasmodium yoelii. Mice were immunized with live or irradiated sporozoites or with parasitized erythrocytes. Whatever the immunization protocol used, the mice were protected against a sporozoite challenge but each immunization procedure induced a specific profile of cell types. Immunization with irradiated sporozoite induce a significant increase in CD8+ lymphocytes, parasitized erythrocytes stimulates production of monocytes/macrophages and CD8+ lymphocytes while, after live sporozoites immunization, polymorphonuclear cells, macrophages/ monocytes, B cells and a range of T cell subsets were increased in number.
Cytotoxicity in human mucosal and cutaneous leishmaniasis
Authors: BARRAL‐NETTO M. , BARRAL ALDINA , BRODSKYN CLAUDIA , CARVALHO E. M. , REED S. G.
Published: October 2007

CD8+ T cells and lysis of parasitized macrophages seem to be important in the resistance to murine leishmaniasis. In the present study, we evaluated peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) from patients with either cutaneous (CL) or mucosal (ML) leishmaniasis in cell lysis assays using 51‐Cr‐labeled Daudi or K562 cells, or autologous antigen‐pulsed macrophages as targets. Results are reported as lytic units (number of cells required for 30% lysis) per million PBMC. Exposure of patient PBMC (n= 12) to lysate from Leishmania amazonensis promastigotes led to an increase in cytotoxic activity compared to unstimulated patient cells against Daudi (81.8 ± 14.9 vs 13.6 ± 5 lytic units (LU) per million PBMC; mean ± SEM) and K562 (65.7 ± 8.4 vs 13.1 ± 5 LU/106 PBMC). ML had higher responses than CL in both targets (80–4 ± 11.0 vs 46.4 ± 11.6 LU/106 PBMC for K562, and 104.3 ± 23.8 vs 59.3 ± 14.3 LU/106 PBMC for Daudi). Normal control PBMC, stimulated with L. amazonensis antigen had 6.32 ± 3.72 LU/106 PBMC against Daudi cells and 9.06 ± 2.78 LU/106 PBMC against K562. The cell responsible for lysis of the K562 cells was characterized as NK, by means of cell separation employing magnetic beads coupled to antibodies. Addition of recombinant TGF‐β or recombinant human IL‐10 reduced L. amazonensis‐mdwcec? cytotoxicity by 90% and 70%, respectively. Cytotoxicity of antigen‐stimulated PBMC was also demonstrated against autologous L. amazonensis antigen‐pulsed macrophages in the range of 6.7 to 41.7LU/106 PBMC. In this system TGF‐β and IL‐10 also decreased the antigen‐induced cytotoxic response.
Immunohistochemical localization of excretory/secretory antigens in adult Ancylostoma caninum using monoclonal antibodies and infected human sera
Authors: SAWANGJAROEN N. , OPDEBEECK J. P. , PROCIV P.
Published: October 2007

Human eosinophilic enteritis (EE) may result from hypersensitivity to the excretory I secretory (ES) antigens of adult Ancylostoma caninum. The origin of several antigens were identified by probing adult A. caninum with mouse monoclonal antibodies (MoAbs), sera from mice vaccinated with ES antigens and sera from human EE patients. Six MoAbs (AC/ES1–6) were produced against ES antigens, two being IgG3 and four IgM. Western blots demonstrated four different antigen specificities: MoAb AC/ES 1 bound strongly to an ES product at about 30kDa; AC/ES 2 recognized a broad band ranging from 50–200kDa; AC/ES 3, AC/ES 5 and AC/ES 6 reacted at about 68 kDa, and AC/ES 4 at about 97kDa. Sections of formalin‐fixed, paraffin embedded adult A. caninum were then incubated with these MoAbs and immunostained by the peroxidase‐anti‐peroxidase (PAP) technique. The target epitope of MoAb AC/ES 1 was found mainly in the oesophageal, amphidial and excretory glands; AC/ES 2 reacted weakly with many structures in the sections; AC/ES 3, AC/ES 5 and AC/ES 6 were specific for excretory glands only, and AC/ES 4 bound to amphidial glands. Sera from immunized mice reacted with all three (especially the excretory) glands and the cuticle. In an indirect assay, worm sections probes with three human EE patient sera demonstrated maximal staining in the amphidial glands. Our findings confirm that ES products of A. caninum include immunogenic glandular secretions which may be involved in the pathogenesis of human EE.
Immunological studies on an Onchocerca volvulus intermediate‐filament protein
Authors: ZHANG DAN , MILLER DAVID J.
Published: October 2007

We report the complete sequence of the cDNA encoding an intermediate filament (IF) protein from Onchocerca volvulus. The OVIF cDNA encodes a protein of 613 amino acid residues, which has a predicted molecular weight of approximately 70 kD. The size of the protein encoded by the O VIF cDNA corresponds well with estimates obtained in Western blotting experiments, but these same experiments suggest that Onchocerca sp. may contain at least two IF proteins. To identify the domain(s) of the O VIF protein responsible for immunogenicity in human filariasis patients, fragments of the OVIF cDNA were subcloned into the appropriate pGEX vector and Western blots of the corresponding fusion proteins probed with human sera. Pooled sera from general onchocerciasis or Bancroftian filariasis patients reacted only with the C‐terminal region of the OVIF protein, whereas sowda onchocerciasis sera reacted 1–2 orders of magnitude more strongly and with a number of other epitopes. Immunolocalization experiments implied that the OVIF protein is associated with both muscle and a number of specific membrane layers. These studies provide the basis for evaluation of the protective potential of the OVIF protein.
Immunity to a challenge infection ofStrongyloides stercoralisthird‐stage larvae in the jird
Authors: NOLAN THOMAS J. , ROTMAN HARRIS L. , BHOPALE VEENA M. , SCHAD GERHARD A. , ABRAHAM DAVID
Published: October 2007

Jirds support the entire life‐cycle of Strongyloides stercoralis. We therefore used this host as a model to define the mechanism of the immune response to a challenge infection, as well as the parasite stage effected by the response. Jirds given a primary infection of S. stercoralis are resistant to re‐infection. The use of implanted diffusion chambers containing larvae showed that the immune response killed the third‐stage larvae, and this was confirmed by subcutaneous infections. The larvae of a challenge infection are killed within 48 h, a time period too short to allow for the development of L4 and adult worms. The immune response is dependent on both a serum factor and cells, suggestive of an ADCC type response.
The specificity of the human IgE response to Necator americanus
Authors: PRITCHARD D. I. , WALSH E. A.
Published: October 2007

Human IgE responses to helminth infections have been described as both problematic and beneficial, in that type 1 hypersensitivity to parasite infections can reputedly cause pathology and/or parasite expulsion, (Pritchard, Quinnell & Walsh 1995). In the present communication, we can report that the IgE response to helminth infections may be beneficial in a diagnostic sense, in that antibodies of this isotype showed minimal cross‐reactivity against antigens from the parasites tested. This information may be of benefit to workers attempting to establish ELISA assays for the specific diagnosis of zoonotic hookworm infections, for example, Ancylostoma caninum (Croese 1988), particularly in regions where human hookworm infection is endemic.
B cell mitogenic activity of Toxocara canis adult worm antigen
Authors: WANG MEI QI , JIANG HONG JIE , INOUE HIROKO , MYOZAKI MITSURU , YAMASHITA UKI
Published: October 2007

The effect of Toxocara (T.) canis antigen (TcAg) on lymphocytes was studied in vitro using normal murine spleen cells and human peripheral blood lymphocytes. TcAg prepared from adult worms stimulated murine spleen cells to proliferate at concentrations of 1–125 μg/ ml. The responder cells for TcAg are B cells, because the response was depleted by the treatment of spleen cells with anti‐immunoglobulin (Ig) antibody and complement and after separation on a nylon wool column. This response was not due to the contamination of lipopolysaccharide (LPS), because TcAg could stimulate C3 HI He J spleen cells which are low responders to LPS. Not only the proliferative response but also polyclonal IgG and IgE production were stimulated with TcAg. TcAg also stimulated macrophages to produce interleukin‐1 and could stimulate human B cells. These results suggest that TcAg is a potent B cell mitogen and this activity may be relevant to the alteration of immunological functions in hosts infected with T. canis.
Immunogenicity of recombinant Plasmodium falciparum rhoptry associated proteins 1 and 2
Authors: STOWERS ANTHONY , PRESCOTT NICOLE , COOPER JUAN , TAKACS BELA , STUEBER DIETRICH , KENNEDY PETER , SAUL ALLAN
Published: October 2007

Mice and rabbits immunized with recombinant forms of malaria vaccine candidate antigens rhoptry‐associated proteins 1 and 2 (RAP‐1, RAP‐2 and rRAP‐l, rRAP‐2) produce antibodies at litres equivalent to monoclonal antibody ascites fluid raised against the native proteins. Sera from animals immunized with rRAP‐l contain antibodies which recognize the native protein by indirect immunofluorescence and immunoblotting, partially inhibit erythrocyte invasion in vitro and are long lasting. Epitope mapping shows these antibodies predominantly recognize epitopes in the N‐terminal third of rRAP‐l, some of which coincide with the targets of inhibitory monoclonal antibodies. By contrast, sera from animals immunized with rRAP‐2 contain antibodies which recognize the recombinant but not the native protein
Influence of humoral immunity on leukotriene B4 production by neutrophils in response to Trichomonas vaginalis stimulation
Authors: SHAIO MEN‐FANG , LIN PEY‐RU
Published: October 2007

Neutrophils are the predominant inflammatory cells found in vaginal discharges from patients with Trichomonas vaginalis infection. In this study, we investigated the effect of humoral immunity on leukotriene B4 (LTB4) generation by neutrophils in the inflammatory response of vaginal trichomoniasis. As quantitated by a radioimmunoassay, no release of LTB4 was detected from neutrophils (5 x l06/ml) interacted with trichomonads (1 times 106/ml). However, specific immunoglobulin G(IgG) but not F(ab1)2, at a titre of 1:256 directed against T. vaginalis, augmented LTB4 production (1·4 ± 0·4 ng/ml, n= 5) by neutrophils, suggesting that this enhancement is Fey receptor‐mediated. Moreover, addition of the specific IgG (1 mglml) to C2‐deficient serum or Factor B‐deficient serum, but not C5‐deficient serum, significantly increased LTB4 production by neutrophils in response to trichomonad stimulation. This indicates that the complement common pathway activation is crucial for the amplification of host defence mechanisms against T. vaginalis. An LTB4 receptor antagonist, SC‐41930, completely abolished neutrophil chemotactic activity induced by LTB4. Taken together, these results indicate that humoral immunity could promote the interaction of neutrophils with T. vaginalis and augment the inflammatory response through the amplification of LTB4 production.
Malaria: toxins, cytokines and disease
Authors: JAKOBSEN P. H. , BATE C. A. W. , TAVERNE J. , PLAYFAIR J. H. L.
Published: October 2007

In this review the old concept of severe malaria as a toxic disease is re‐examined in the light of recent discoveries in the field of cytokines. Animal studies suggest that the induction of TNF by parasite‐derived molecules may be partly responsible for cerebral malaria and anaemia, while hypoglycaemia may be due to direct effects of similar molecules on glucose metabolism. These molecules appear to be phospholipids and we suggest that when fully characterized they might form the basis of antitoxic therapy for malaria.,
Epitopes in the 19kDa fragment of the Plasmodium falciparum major merozoite surface protein‐1 (PfMSP‐119) recognized by human antibodies
Authors: SHAI SHAFRIRA , BLACKMAN MICHAEL J. , HOLDER ANTHONY A.
Published: October 2007

The antibody response to two different epitopes located in the C‐terminal 19 kDa fragment of the Plasmodium falciparum merozoite surface protein‐1 (MSP‐119) has been studied using a competitive ELISA based on the inhibition of monoclonal antibody (MoAb) binding by serum samples. Sera from children aged three to eight years who suffered clinical symptoms of malaria, or were partially immune with an asymptomatic infection, and from adults all living in The Gambia, West Africa were tested. The results suggest that the antibody response to MSP‐1 iQ has a role in naturally‐acquired immunity in Gambian individuals.,
Zur Frage der willkürlichen Beeinflussung des Geschlechts bei Säugetieren
Authors: Schilling Von E.
Published: October 2007

Inhalt:

In einer Literaturübersicht werden die experimentellen Arbeiten zur Geschlechtsbeeinflussung bei Säugetieren besprochen. Die Sedimentationsverfahren zur Trennung von X‐ und Y‐Spermien finden dabei besondere Beachtung. Über eigene Untersuchungsergebnisse beim Rind wird kurz berichtet.

Contents:

A review of literature is given about experiments of sex‐control in mammals. Separation of X‐ and Y‐spermatozoa by sedimentation is discussed in details. First results about deviation of sex‐ratio in cattle by own experimental investigations are shortly reported.
Untersuchungen über die Verbesserung der Sperma‐Qualität von „Problem‐Bullen” durch Beifütterung von „Miragest”
Authors: Müller Von E. , Szilagyi J.
Published: October 2007

Inhalt:

Es wurde untersucht, ob es möglich set, durch die Beifütterung von täglich 100 g des Vitamin‐Mineralstoff‐Spuren‐Element‐Präparates „Miragest” 6 Wochen hindurch, die Samenqualität und die Sprunglust von „Problembullen” soweit zu verbessern, daß die Bullen der Besamung erhalten bleiben.

Bei allen Bullen trat etwa 6 Wochen nach Beginn der Beifütterung eine statistisch gesicherte Verbesserung der Motilität und Haltbarkeit der Ejakulate ein. Außerdem wurde ein merkbarer Rückgang pathologischer Spermien beobachtet. Der Behand‐lungserfolg war in einigen Fällen von Dauer, in anderen verschlechterte sich die Samenqualität 2—3 Monate nach dem Aussetzen der Behandlung wieder, ließ sich aber durch eine neuerliche Beifütterung von Miragest günstig beeinflussen.

Die Beifütterung von Miragest ging in allen Fällen mit einer Verbesserung der Futteraufnahme, der Lebhaftigkeit und des Haarkleides sowie der Sprunglust der Stiere einher.

Auf Grund des Zeitpunktes, in welchem sich der Behandlungserfolg einstellte, und der Verdnderungen, die normalisiert werden konnten, wird angenommen, daß die Miragest‐Wirkung auf einer Stimulierung der neurohumoralen Regulation der Spermiogenese und auf der allgemein diätetisch roborierenden Wirkung des Präparates beruhte.

Contents:

Tests were made into the effects of administering a daily amount of 100 g of the vitamin mineral trace element preparation “Miragest” for a period of 6 weeks to bulls to improve the quality of the sperm and, service of “problem” bulls so that they can continue in use for insemination.

In all bulls, about 6 weeks after beginning this treatment, there was a statistically certified improvement in motility and stability of the ejaculates. A noticeable lessening of pathological sperms was also observed. The success in treatment was permanent in some cases, but in others the quality of the sperm deteriorated again 2—3 months after ending treatment, but showed that it could be favourably affected again when dosage was resumed.

Adding “Miragest” to the fodder improved the appetite and liveliness of the bulls, the appearance of their coats and the inclination for service, in all cases.

Considering the period of time in which treatment was successful and the changes which could be normalised, it is assumed that the effect of “Miragest” is based on stimulation of neuro‐humoral regulation of spermiogenesis and the generally dietetic roborative effect of the preparation.
Erfahrungen mit dem Samentiefgefrierverfahren mit flüssigem Stickstoff beim Rind
Authors: Haeger Von O.
Published: October 2007

Inhalt:

Es wird über Erfahrungen bei der Umstellung vont CO2‐ auf das TGN2‐Samenkonservierungs‐Verfahren berichtet:

I. Zur Technik des Einfrierens:

Die Zugabe des Zitrat‐Fruktose‐Eidotterverdünners erfolgt bei Zimmertemperatur, dre des 2. Verdünners mit Tropfpipetten innerhalb von 30 bis 35 Minuten. Nach dem Abkühlen des Samen von + 20° C auf + 5° C in etwa 1 1/2 Stunden beträgt die Gesamtadaptionszeit 6 bis 7 1/2 Stunden. Samen mit einem Auftauergebnis von weniger als 40 % Vorwärtsbewegung wird, von Ausnahmen abgesehen, nicht verwendet. 10,9 % der eingefrorenen Ejakulate waren nicht brauchbar. Von 36 Bullen waren 31 für das TGN2‐Verfahren geeignet. Eingefrorener Samen soll bei +38° C aufgetaut und innerhalb von 30 bis 45 Minuten verbraucht werden.

II. Besamungsergebnisse:

Bei über 25 000 TGN2‐Erstbesamungen trat ein Befruchtungsabfall von 1,5 % gegenüber CO2‐Frischsamen ein. Bei 6 von 24 Bullen lag das Besamungsergebnis mit TGN2‐Sperma unter 60 %. Von 8 Altbullen wurde gleichzeitig CO2‐ bzw. TGN2‐Samen eingesetzt. 4 Bullen hatten annähernd gleiche, 2 auffallend schlechtere und 2 auffallend bessere Ergebnisse. Die Verbesserung wird auf die kurze Adaptionszeit zurückgeführt. Nur 0,5 % mehr Nachbesamungen mußten zwischen dem 60. bis 90. Tag beim TGN2‐gegenüber CO2‐Samen durchgeführt werden. Dieses ergibt keinen Hinweis auf vermehrt auftretenden frühembryonalen Fruchttod durch den TGN2‐Samen.

Contents:

A report on experiments in the transference of CO2 in the TGN2 sperm conservation procedure:

I. The freezing method:

The addition of the citrate fructose egg yolk dilution is made at room temperature, that of the 2nd dilution with drop pipette within 30‐35 minutes. After cooling the sperm from + 20° C to + 5° C in about 1 1/2 hours the total adaptation time is 6 to 7 1/2 hours. Sperm with a thawing result of less than 40 % forward movement are not used, with certain exceptions. 10.9 % of the frozen ejaculate could not be used. 31 out of 36 bulls were suitable for the TGN2 procedure. Frozen sperm should be thawed at + 38° C and used within 30—45 minutes.

II. Results of insemination

In over 25.000 first inseminations there was a drop in impregnation of 1.5 % in comparison with CO2 fresh sperm. In 6 of 24 bulls the insemination results were under 60 %. In 8 old bulls CO2 or TGN2 sperm was used at the same time. 4 bulls had roughly the same results, 2 were notably worse and 2 notably better. The improvement was due to she short adaption time. Only 5 % more post‐inseminations had to be made between the 60th and the 90th day, as compared with CO2 sperm. This gives no indication of increased fatalities to early embryos by TGN2 sperm.
Pränataler Fruchttod und Mumifikation eines Kalbes infolge abdominaler Nabelstrangumschlingung
Authors: Bähr Von H.
Published: October 2007

Inhalt:

Ein nach 321 Tagen geborener, mumifizierter Fetus eines Kalbes im 6. oder 7. Monat der Graviditat durch eine in der Regio lumbalis und um nahezu 270 Grad verlaufende Nabelschnurumschlingung abgestorben, wird näher beschrieben.

Contents:

A case of coiling of the umbilical cord in regio lumbalis is discussed. This led to death and mumification of a calf, born after 321 days.
Vorkommen und Bedeutung der sog. nichthaemolysierenden Streptokokken im Genitaltrakt von Rindern
Authors: Winkenwerder Von W.
Published: October 2007

Inhalt:

Bei der kulturellen Untersuchung von 2962 Proben aus den Geschlechtswegen von Rindern konnten in 2% der Proben von Bullen und 23,2% der Proben von weiblichen Rindern anhaemolysierende Streptokokken nachgewiesen werden. Die Differenzierung von 24 Streptokokkenstämmen ergab das Vorhandensein der Arten S. viridans I, II und III, S. milleri, S. MG, S. uberis (Gruppe E), S. der Gruppe K, S. glycerinaceus (Gruppe D), S. agalactiae und atyp. S. agalactiae (Gruppe B) in den Geschlechtswegen des Rindes. Nach den Schrifttumsangaben und eigenen Beobachtungen treten die nichthaemolysierenden Streptokokken als Saprophyten im Genitaltrakt des Rindes auf und entfalten nur unter resistenzmindernden Einflüssen eine pathogene Wirkung beim Wirtstier.

Contents:

Cultural tests made on 2,962 samples from the sexual organs of cattle showed anhaemolytic streptococci in 2% of the samples from bulls and 23.2% from cows. Differentiation of 24 strains of streptococcus showed the presence of types S. viridans I, II and III, S. milleri, S. MG, S. uberis (group E), S. of group K, S. glycerinaceus (group D), S. agalactiae and atypical S. agalactiae in the sexual organs. According to literature on the subject and the writer's own observation, the nonhaemolytic streptococci enter the sexual organs of cattle as saprophytes and only develop under weakened resistance into having a pathogenic effect on the host animal.
Zur Technik des TG‐N2‐‐Samens; hier Handhabung und Temperaturverhaltnisse der Stickstoffbehälter
Authors: Hahn Von Rudolf
Published: October 2007

Inhalt:

Es werden die Temperaturverhältnisse im Hals der in der Praxis gebräuchlichen Stickstoffbehälter untersucht und Hinweise gegeben, wie die Stickstoffbehälter zu handhaben sind, um eine Erwärmung des Samens zu vermeiden.

Contents:

The temperatures in the neck of the liquid‐nitrogen‐containers, which are used in the praxis, were examined and directions were given, how to handle the containers, to avoid a warming of the semen.
Untersuchungen zur Brunstfeststellung beim Rind: 2. Mitteilung: Viskosität und Fließelastizität von Brunstschleimen
Authors: Schilling E. , Zust J.
Published: October 2007

Inhalt:

Proben von Vaginalschleimen aus 55 Brunstzyklen (23 Kühe) wurden 1 Tag vor bis 3 Tage nach der Ovulation in halbtägigen Abständen untersucht. Die Viskositätsmessungen erfolgten mit einem Mikro‐Viskosimeter (Brookfield), die Elastizitätsmessungen rnit dem Oestroskop nach Scott‐Blair et al (1941). 1 Tag vor Brunstbeginn gingen die Viskositätswerte schon zurück, die tiefsten Werte wurden unmittelbar vor der Ovulation ermittelt. Bei brünstigen Weidekühen waren die Schleime dünnflüssiger rnit Viskositätswerten zwischen 50–1300 cP, während der Stallperiode zäher, rnit Werten zwischen 100–2000 cP. Nicht konzipierende Kühe batten häufiger zähe Schleime aufzuweisen; pathologisch veränderte Schleime waren dünnflüssig rnit sehr niedrigen Viskositätswerten. Die Elastizitätsmessung rnit dem Oestroskop war zu ungenau, um den Brunstverlauf sicher zu kennzeichnen.

Contents:

Samples of vaginal mucus have been investigated twice a day in 55 oestruscycles (23 cows) beginning 3 days before until 2 days after ovulation. Viscositiy was measured by a Brookfield‐Microviscosimeter, the elasticity by the oestroscope (Scott‐Blair et al).

1 day before onset of heat the viscosity of the mucus decreased, the deepest values could be observed immediately before ovulation. On pasture cows in heat showed more liquid mucus, the viscosities ranging between 50–1300 cP, during winter‐period the mucus was more viscous, ranging between 100–2000 cP. The viscosity was high in cows which did'nt conceive and very low in cows with pathological mucus. The measurements of elasticity by the oestroscope were not as precise as to mark sufficiently a distinct stage of oestrus‐period.
Erfahrungen mit dem Cornell University Extender als Mehrzweckverdünner*
Authors: Merkt Von H. , Grove D. , Richter O.
Published: October 2007

Inhalt: In Besamungsversuchen wurden die konservierenden Eigenschaften des Cornell University Extender untersucht. Geprüft worden sind die Eignung des Verdünners bei Kühlschranktemperaturen (5° C) und bei Raumtemperaturen (15–25° C), wobei Verdünnungsraten von 1 : 50–70 zur Anwendung gelangten. Verglichen wurde nach dern Split sample‐Prinzip mit SPERMASOL‐MILCH Verdünner (Fa. Mack), der im Verhältnis 1 : 20–40 und nur bei Kühlschranktemperaturen eingesetzt wurde. Während CUE (5°) dem Kontrollverdünner im Befruchtungsergebnis geringfügig unterlegen war, zeigte sich CUE (RT) leicht überlegen. Im ganzen konnte rnit dern Cornell University Extender ein guter Befruchtungserfolg erzielt werden. Erheblich störend wirkte jedoch eine bei CUE (5°) auftretende Neigung zur Sedimentbildung, die längeres Aufschütteln vor der Insemination erforderte. In vitro‐Untersuchungen der Spermienmotilität wiesen aus, daβ beim RT‐Verfahren eine Konservierungstemperatur von 15 bis 25° Celsius eingehalten werden sollte.
Milchproduktion und Rinderbesamung in Kenia
Authors: Grove Von D.
Published: October 2007

Inhalt: Die Milchwirtschaft Kenias hat sich in den vergangenen 20 Jahren auf der Grundlage europäischer Rinderrassen stark entwickelt. Seit der Unabhängigwerdung des Landes im Jahre 1963 sind Milchproduktion und Rinderbesamung mehr denn je miteinander verzahnt. Der bisher auf den Farmen relativ weniger europäischer Siedler konzentrierte Milchrinderbestand ist durch die Bodenreform über weite Gebiete auf eine Vielzahl von Kleinhaltungen verteilt worden. Für die Erzeugung hochwertiger Kälber ist bier die Künstliche Besamung unentbehrlich geworden, da die für die natürliche Bedeckung erforderliche Zahl von Bullen nicht beschaffbar ist. Der Aufbau von Besamungsorganisationen in diesen Gebieten war und ist jedoch häufig von Mißerfolgen begleitet, und es besteht die Gefahr, daß das Verfahren als solches in Mißkredit gerät. Ah Beweis dafür, daß es möglich ist, auch in Kenia mit Erfolg zu besamen, wurden Unterlagen von drei buchführenden Besamungsvereinigungen europäischer Farmer ausgearbeitet und die Ergebnisse graphisch dargestellt. Ein Erstbesamungsergebnis von 45–55%, sowie ein Trächtigkeitsindex von 2,0–2,6 muß sowohl für Flüsrig‐ als auch für TG‐Samen unter den dortigen Verhältnissen als normal und tragbar angesehen werden.
„Pelleting” von Rinder‐, Pferde‐ und Schafsperma mittels flüssiger Luft
Authors: Seifert Von Horst S. H. , Beller Karl A.
Published: October 2007

Inhalt: Eine einfache Vorrichtung wird beschrieben, mittels der Rindemperma auf einer rnit flüssiger Luft gekühlten V2A Blechplatte den Prinzipien der Nagase‐Technik folgend, in Pellets gefroren wird. Die Besamungsergebnisse liegen höher als bei “konventionellen” TG‐Sperma. Das Verfahren soll besonders der Verbreitung der T.G. Besamung in unerschlossenen Gebieten der Entwicklungsländer dienen. Es werden Vorversuche zur Pelletbesamung bei Schaf und Pferd beschrieben, die beweisen, daß diese Technik prinzipiell auch bei diesen Tierarten eingesetzt werden kann.
Wirkung von Gestagenen auf die Eiabgabe von Karpfen nach Hypophysierung
Authors: Von Kossmann H.
Published: October 2007

Inhalt: Bevor Karpfenrogner durch die Injektion von aufgescbwemmten Hypophysen zum Ablaicben gebracbt wurden, bekamen sie ca. 14 Tage davor Substanzen mit gestagener Wirkung oral oder intramuskulär verabreicht. Während Rogner, die ganzjährig in einer Warmwasserumlaufanlage gehalten werden, nach der einfacben Hypophysierungsmetbode in der Zeit von Februar bis Juli über 3 Jahre zu etwa 50% zui Eiabgabe gebracht werden konnten, bewirkte die Vorbehandlung mit Gestagenen Ablaicherfolge von über 90%. Verschiedene Karpfenrogner konnten im gleichen Versuchszeitraum durch die Behandlung mit Gestagenen und anschließender Hypophysierung zum zweiten Male zur Eiabgabe gebracht werden.
Vergleich zwischen einem Zitrat‐und einem Trisverdünner in der Rinderbesamung
Authors: Kupferschmied H.
Published: October 2007

Inhalt: 69 Ejakulate von 13 Stieren wurden jeweils in zwei Fraktionen aufgeteilt, mit einem Zitrat‐bzw. Trispuffer verdünnt, in Pailletten zu 0,5 ml abgefüllt und tiefgefroren. 4009 Erstbesamungen mit dem Zitratverdünner bracbten eine Nonreturnrate von 71,5 %, während bei 4010 Erstbesamungen mit dem Trisverdünner 70,5 % erzielt wurden. Der Unterschied von 1 % ist nicht signifikant.
Embryonaler Fruchttod bei einer Kuh im Anschluß an eine Nachbesamung — nachgewiesen mit Hilfe der Progesteronbestimmung im Blut
Authors: Hoffmann B.
Published: October 2007

Inhalt: Mit Hilfe der kompetitiven Proteinbindungsreaktion wurde Progesteron im peripheren Blut einer Kuh vom 16. his 56. Tag nach der Erstbesamung bestimmt. Die hohen Progesteronwerte, zum Teil über 10 ng/ml Plasma, his zum Tag der 2. künstlichen Insemination (Tag 27) lassen den Schluβ zu, daβ bereits die Erstbesamung zu einer Konzeption geführt hatte und zum Zeitpunkt der Zweitbesamung ein lebender Embryo vorlag. Die 2. Insemination, die aufgrund äuβerer Brunstsymptome durchgeführt wurde, hatte ein Absinken des Progesteronhlutspiegels auf Werte unter 1 ng/ml Plasma zur Folge. Daran schloβ sich ein normaler Zyklus von 20tägiger Dauer an. Dieser hormonanalytisch belegte Fall eines durch Nachbesamung ausgelösten embryonalen Fruchttodes unterstreicht die Forderung der Kliniker, vor Nachbesamungen die Eierstöcke auf das Vorhandensein eines Corpus luteum graviditatis zu kontroilieren.
Das Zellbild der Hodenkulturen von Rinderfeten und Kalbern
Authors: Hoffmann R. , Stieger H. , Etreby M. F. El
Published: October 2007

Inhalt:

Heim mannlichen Partner uon Rinderzwicken werden im Hoden haufig XX‐Zellen gefundcn. Es ist aber in Chromosomenpräparaten nicht möglich zu bestimmen, von welcher Zellart die vorgefundunen Mitosen stammen. Es wurde daher wersucht zu bestimmen, welche Zellarten bei Kurzzeitzellkulturen aus Hoden von trypsinized culture. Byull. cksp. Biol. Med. 55, 96–101. Kussisch‐cnglische Zusammenfassung.
Die künstliche Besamung beim Schwein in der Bundesrepublik Deutschland
Authors: Von Scmmsr L.
Published: October 2007

Inhalt:

Es wird die Entwicklung und der gegenwärtige Stand der Schweinebesamung in der BRD dargelegt. Itn Jahre 1969 wwrden von den bestehenden 6 Stationen über 20 000 Erstbesamungen durchgeführt.

Eine stärkere Verbreitung dieser Zuchtmethode ist erst dann zu erwarten, wenn noch bessere Methoden der Samenkonservierung, der Brunstdiagnose, der Zyklussynchronisatiora zur Verfügung stehen und wenn die Besamung von den Tierhaltern selbst vorgenommen werden kann.

Es wird vorgescblagen, die Besamung in den Herdbuchzuchten und den Ferkelerzeugerbetrieben in Zukunft stärker und gezielter mit geprüften Altebern und eigenleistungsgeprüften Jungebern anzuwenden, um dadurch den züchterischen Fortschritt zu verbessern und zu beschleunigen bzw. den züchterischen Fortschritt der Herdbuchzucht schneller als bisher auf die Landeszucht zu übertragen.
Die testikuläre Feminisierung beim Rind als Sterilitätsursache von Färsen
Authors: Von Rieck G. W.
Published: October 2007

Inhalt:

1. Als Beitrag zur Kenntnis der Anöstrieursachen von Färsen wird über einen Fall von testikulärer Feminisierung beim schwarzbunten Rind berichtet. Es ist dies der erste Fall dieser eigenartigen Intersexform bei deutschen Rinderrassen.

2. Das genitale Syndrom “testikuläre Feminisierung” entsteht bei genotypisch männlichen Tieren bei fetaler Testisinsuffizicnz mit mangelbafter oder fehlender Androgenproduktion.

Dabei entwickeln sich trotz männlichem Karyotyp phänotypisch weibliche Individuen mtt normalem äuβeren weiblichen Genitale aber fehlendem Uterus und mit m.o. w. kurzem Vaginalsturnpf. Auch fehlen die inneren rnännlichen Genitalorgane auβer den groβen, intraabdominal gelegenen Hoden.

3. Hodenparencbym und Tubulusepithel befinden sich im Zustand der embryonalen Arretierung mit m. o. w. hochgradigen Degenerationserscheinungen des Tubulusepithels, das keine Zellen der hoheren Spermiogenesestufen besitzt.

4. Die testikulära Feminisierung ist genetisch bedingt und beruht auf einem rezessiven, gescblechtsgekoppelten Gen, dessen Weitergabe durch die weiblichen Tiere erfolgt. Dernentsprechend scheint die Genfrequenz und damit die Vorkommenshäufigkeit des Defektes in den Populationen gering zu sein.
Scimulation der inaktiven Ovarien anöstrischer Schafe und praepuberaler Jungschafe durch niedrig dosiertes Östradiol
Authors: Schilling E. , Düsing E. A.
Published: October 2007

Mit 3 Tabellen

Inhalt:

3tägige Behandlungen von 49 anöstriscben Mutterschafen rnit je 0,1 mg Östradiolvalerianat (ÖV), die Hälfte der Schafe zusätzlich mit 500 I. E. und 750 I. E. HCG am 4. Tag, bewirkten intensives Follikelwachstum und bei 65% der Tiere Ovulationen 24 bis 48 h nach der letzten Injektion. Durch HCG konnte das Ovulationsergebnis und aucb die Ovulationsrate (1,3 Corp. lut./Tier) nicht verbessert werden. Gegen Ende der Anöstrusperiode war die Stimulationswirkung etwas besser. Brunstsymptome waren deutlicb, das Sexualverbalten jedoch gestört, da sich die meisten Scbafe von Böcken nicht belegen lieβen.

84 anöstriscbe Mutterscbafe wurden in den Monaten April, Mai und Juli nacb gleicber Methode behandelt und bei der ersten Brunst belegt. 84% der Scbafe nahmen den Bock an, 40 % der bebandelten Schafe lammten, davon konzipierten 20 % bei der 1. Brunst, ca. 10 % bei der regelmäβig einsetzenden 2. Brunst, 10 % 4 bis 9 Wochen spater. Nur 20 % der 48 Kontrolltiere lammten.

Bei 6 bis 7 Monate alten praepuberalen Jungschafen wurden durch psycbiscbe Fak‐toren (Paarungsspiel, Treiben, Transport, usw.) Ovulationen innerbalb von 24 h provoziert. Diese Ovulationen liefen obne äuβere Brunsterscbeinungen ab. Auf dreimal 0,05 mg ÖV batten im August 66 % der praepuberalen Scbafe rnit Ovulationen reagiert; die brünstigen Tiere lieβen sich aber nicht belegen. Im Oktober genügten schon einmalig 0,05 mg ÖV, um bei allen 11 praepuberalen Jungschafen Ovulationen zu induzieren. Alle Tiere lieβen sich belegen. Die Befrucbtungsrate der Eier war gering.
Untersuchungen über die Umstellung von mittleren auf feine Pailletten in der Rinderbesamung
Authors: Kupferschmied H.
Published: October 2007

Inhalt Ejakulate von 13 Stieren wurden in zwei Fraktionen geteilt und so verdünnt, daβ feine (0,25 ml) and mittlere Pailletten (0,5/ml) vor dem Tiefgefrieren jeweilen 25 Mio. vorwärtsbewegliche Spermien enthielten. Mit den Dosen zu 0,25 ml wurden 4118 Erstbesamungen mit einer Nonreturnrate von 69,37% ausgeführt, während bei 3797 Erstbesamungen mit den Dosen zu 0,5 ml 69,87% erzielt wurden. Die Differenz von 0,50% ist nicht signifikant. Im weiteren wurden die Ergebnisse nach Monaten, Stieren und Besamern ausgewertet und durch eine Umfrage ergänzt.

Contents Ejaculates from 13 bulls were split in two fractions and filled in fine (0,25 ml) medium (0,5 ml) french straws. Each dose contained 25 million motile spermatozoa before freezing. 4118 first inseminations with fine straws attained a nonreturn rate at 60–90 days of 69,37% compared with 69,87% for 3797 first inseminations made with medium straws. The difference of 0,50% is not significant. Furthermore the results were evaluated with regard to months, and technicians and a questionnaire completed the experiment.