bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
H
ibernia
Authors: Gallagher Niav
Published: June 2017

Hibernia is the classical Latin name for the island known as Ireland. Julius Caesar was among the first to record the name in his writings, and it is possible that the more modern name “Érin” is a contraction of either the Greek name Iberiu or Iveriu, or the Latin name Hibernia.
N
eckam,
A
lexander
Authors: Black Winston
Published: June 2017

Alexander Neckam (1157–1217) was an English Augustinian canon and abbot and the author of numerous works in Latin prose and verse on grammar, theology, and natural philosophy. He is best known for his scientific–religious treatise
De naturis rerum
(c. 1200), which survives in many manuscripts and reflects his diverse interests in theology, law, philosophy, physics, and medicine. Neckam was among the first European authors to know the new Latin translations of Aristotle's scientific works. His verse fables and satiric poetry were also popular and influential in later medieval England.
SirLandevale
Authors: McLoone Katherine
Published: June 2017

“Sir Landevale,” a short Middle English fourteenth‐century Breton lay, is an intermediary text between Marie de France's Anglo‐Norman “Lanval” and Thomas Chestre's Middle English “Sir Launfal.”
Rhyming Poem, The
Authors: Updegraff Derek
Published: June 2017

The Rhyming Poemis an Old English elegy noted more for its unique structure than its conventional content. The speaker recalls his former state of joy, declares his current state of sorrow, and then urges the reader or listener to abstain from sin and focus on the constancy of heaven's bliss. While the poem is important as a work that contributes to our understanding of the Old English elegiac tradition, its linguistic features have been the main attractors of commentary, primarily because this poem is the only vernacular Anglo‐Saxon text to employ rhyme in a structurally governing rather than decorative manner.
Tochmarc Étaíne
Authors: Parsons Geraldine
Published: June 2017

Tochmarc Étaíne(The wooing of Étaín) is an Irish‐language tale that was written in the ninth century and reworked in the eleventh century. It can be considered a single work in three parts or three linked tales (TÉI,TÉII, andTÉIII); its complicated transmission and multivalent story have excited a good deal of comment. The three elements are lent coherence by the theme of the Otherworldly Midir's efforts to woo the woman Étaín. InTÉI, the pair are driven apart by Midir's jealous wife, who transforms Étaín into a pool of water which eventually becomes a fly. In the form of a fly, Étaín is swallowed by a woman who subsequently gives birth to Étaín's second incarnation.TÉII andTÉIII detail Midir's attempts to win the reborn Étaín from her husband, Eochaid Airem, king of Ireland. Taken as a whole, the tale reflects on a variety of forms and consequences of romantic love and sexual desire. The narrative includes significant mythological reflexes, including ideas about a sovereignty goddess and cosmogony. Its plot linksTochmarc Étaíneto a number of other significant early Gaelic literary works, includingTogail Bruidne Da Derga.
Clemence ofBarking
Authors: Hughes‐Edwards Mari
Published: June 2017

Clemence of Barking (fl. late twelfth century) wrote a notable Anglo‐Norman verse life of St. Catherine of Alexandria, translated in a large part from a widely disseminated Latin life which dates from the eleventh century but with important additions and observations of her own which articulate her interest in theology and the tensions between secular and ecclesiastical power of her own day. She is important as an early example of a learned female writer whose true significance has been recognized only in the last 100 years.
Humanism
Authors: Rundle David
Published: June 2017

Humanism is a cluster of activities which have at their core an emulation of a classical past. It is not, however, simply another word for classicism. It is marked out by the elements of the classical world that it prized and the determination to provide as a living model a past it believed had been lost and was in need of a rebirth.
Anonimalle Chronicle
Authors: King Andy
Published: June 2017

The
Anonimalle Chronicle
is a compilation preserved in a single manuscript, copied probably at St. Mary's Abbey, York, in the late fourteenth century. Written in Anglo‐Norman French, it covers mainly British (and more particularly English) history. It comprises a chronicle from the biblical flood until the end of Edward I's reign, probably originally composed at the Cistercian Byland Abbey, Yorkshire; a version of the “Short Continuation” of the Anglo‐Norman prose
Brut
, covering the period 1307–33; a section covering the period 1333–69, partially translated from a version of the Latin “Lanercost” chronicle; and a final added section, covering the period 1369–82, that includes vivid, possibly eyewitness accounts of the “Good Parliament” of 1376 and the Great Revolt of 1381. It provides a fascinating example of a historical work stitched together from a variety of disparate sources, covering the entire history of England from the Flood to the (then) present day.
Ceredigion
Authors: Griffiths Ralph A.
Published: June 2017

Ceredigion was a small, coastal kingdom in west Wales of uncertain origins which survived until the early thirteenth century when it was transformed into the English county of Cardigan.
M
organnwg
Authors: Griffiths Ralph A.
Published: June 2017

Morgannwg was the most important kingdom in southeast Wales, consisting of two different landscapes, Bro (lowland) and Blaen (upland) Morgannwg. It emerged from the earlier kingdom of Glywysing, probably in the tenth century, and lasted until the Anglo‐Norman conquests of the twelfth century.
Tudur Aled
Authors: Lewis Barry James
Published: June 2017

Tudur Aled is the most significant Welsh poet of the early Tudor period. The standard edition of his works contains 169 poems. He was chiefly a praise poet. Most of his work relates to North Wales, and especially northeast Wales, but he also served Sir Rhys ap Thomas in the south. Some of his patrons were abbots of Cistercian monasteries. He also composed a poem for St. Winefride (Gwenfrewy) of Holywell. In 1523 he won a silver chair at the Eisteddfod of Caerwys. He died around 1525 in Carmarthen and was buried in the church of the Franciscan friars there; he had taken the Franciscan habit before death. Nine elegies were composed in his honor.
G
uto'r
G
lyn
Authors: Lewis Barry James
Published: June 2017

Guto'r Glyn is perhaps the best‐known Welsh poet of the later Middle Ages. He flourished from the 1430s to the 1480s. His full name was Guto ap Siancyn y Glyn, and he came from North Wales. He was mainly an author of praise poems and elegies addressed to patrons all over Wales. Particularly important patrons of his were the Herberts of Raglan, especially William Herbert, 1st Earl of Pembroke (d. 1469). Guto served as an archer in the English armies in Normandy, probably in 1436 and definitely in 1441. Toward the end of his life he remained active around Iâl (Yale) in northeast Wales, and may have resided for periods at the abbey of Valle Crucis.
D
rystan
ac E
syllt/
T
ristan and
I
solde
Authors: Fulton Helen
Published: June 2017

Drystan and Esyllt are the Welsh versions of the names of the romance figures Tristan and Isolde (or Isolt). Although the two names are linked together in some literary sources, there is no medieval Welsh version of the romance as it has survived in other medieval vernaculars. The names of Drystan, Esyllt, and March (later Mark, Isolde's husband) are found in early Welsh poetry and prose, particularly the Welsh Triads and the Black Book of Carmarthen.
Hagiographic Romance
Authors: Radulescu Raluca L.
Published: June 2017

“Hagiographic romance” is a label used to define a subgroup of medieval vernacular romances, usually focused on the deserved penitent suffering of a male protagonist of high social status (lord or king) or the undeserved patient endurance of trials and tribulations by a female protagonist. The protagonists walk a difficult path to sainthood or are very close to becoming role models for sainthood. While the narrative does not seem to require miracles as a precondition to considering these romances “hagiographic” the lives of the protagonists do not fall short of miraculous coincidences or turns of events, satisfying the expectations of romance in general. The female protagonists of hagiographic romances tend to be cast in the role of wronged/calumniated daughter/wife, and their testing is more strongly related to challenges to their obedience, constancy, and innocence. Hagiographic romances remained the most popular subcategory of Middle English romance throughout the late medieval and early modern period, transitioning well from manuscript to early print. Their middle‐class audiences clearly appreciated their combination of education and entertainment, as the extant evidence attests.
Kenning
Authors: Tedford Margaret
Published: June 2017

A kenning is a metaphorical device in Old Norse and Old English poetry that is a substitution for a name or noun. This usually consists of a two‐term compound or short phrase with a base word and determinant. Kennings are more common and complex in Old Norse skaldic verse but are most notably used in Old English heroic poetry such as
Beowulf
. There are, in particular, many examples used to refer to the sea.
Canterbury
Authors: Younge George
Published: June 2017

Between the sixth and the thirteenth centuries, Canterbury was one of Britain's most significant centers of book production and monastic literary culture. The two Benedictine monasteries in Canterbury, Christ Church Cathedral Priory and Saint Augustine's Abbey, assembled vast libraries and provided a home for major medieval authors, including Aldhelm, Anselm of Canterbury, and the glittering circle of intellectuals surrounding Thomas Becket.
G
oscelin of
S
aint‐
B
ertin
Authors: Reid Rachel
Published: June 2017

Goscelin of Saint‐Bertin was one of the foremost hagiographers of female saints' lives in eleventh‐century England. Of Flemish birth, Goscelin arrived in England to serve as secretary to his patron and friend Henry, bishop of Sherborne. He traversed England's monastic centers in search of materials for his writings, presumably visiting and living in these monastic communities for years at a time.
Henry ofHuntingdon
Authors: Echard Siân
Published: June 2017

Henry of Huntingdon was an Anglo‐Latin/Anglo‐Norman historian and poet, chiefly known for hisHistoria Anglorum(History of the English). TheHistoriacovers the period from the first Roman invasions up to Henry's own day, with Henry revising several times to keep it up to date. The first, seven‐book, version ran to 1129, while the final version, in ten books, concluded in 1154 with the coronation of the Angevin King Henry II. Henry also wrote eight books of epigrams, only two of which survive, and a versified herbal and lapidary called theAnglicanus ortus(only recently discovered). It is thought that Henry died between 1156 and 1164.
G
ervase of
T
ilbury
Authors: Echard Siân
Published: June 2017

Gervase of Tilbury (c. 1150s–c. 1222) was a university‐educated courtier‐cleric, who spent much of his life in association with the courts of figures such as Henry the Young King, Henry II, and the Emperor Otto IV. For Otto he wrote
Otia imperialia
(Recreations for an emperor), a description of the world filled with observations and accounts of wonders associated with various places. His work is of interest to cartographers, historians of geography, and folklorists.
B
enedictional of
St
.
Æ
thelwold
Authors: Weaver Erica
Published: June 2017

One of the most lavish surviving Anglo‐Saxon manuscripts, Æthelwold's Benedictional (London, British Library, Add. MS 49598) is a collection of blessings and images created for the personal use of the bishop of Winchester between 971 and 984. With 28 full‐page miniatures, it is a masterpiece of the Winchester School of art and blends English and Continental styles in both its text and iconography.
SmithfieldDecretals
Authors: Echard Siân
Published: June 2017

The Smithfield Decretals is the name given to London, British Library, MS Royal 10 E IV, a glossed copy of the Decretals of Gregory IX. It was produced in France, probably in Toulouse, around 1300, and had some decoration done then, but the 600bas‐de‐pageillustrations for which it is famous were done in England, probably in London, around 1340. The illustrations include religious and secular narratives, and feature such popular vernacular stories as those of Reynard the Fox, Guy of Warwick, and Bevis of Hampton.
LongesMacnUislenn
Authors: Parsons Geraldine
Published: June 2017

The strikingly memorable opening scene ofLonges Mac nUislenn(The exile of the sons of Uisliu) depicts the Ulaid in characteristic feasting mode. As her unnamed mother serves the king and other notable men, the girl Derdriu cries out from within the womb. This weird moment heralds a lifelong ability to disturb the martial, androcentric community into which she is born. A prophecy is made concerning her extraordinary beauty and the destruction that she will cause, but the king, Conchobar mac Nessa, ignores advice to kill the baby in order that he might have this beauty as his wife in the future. The narrative's next memorable set‐piece is a tableau of a raven feeding on blood on snowy ground that causes the young woman Derdriu to wish for a lover distinguished by such vibrant coloring. Such a man is the warrior Noísiu, and Derdriu compels him to elope with her in defiance of the king. The couple and Noísiu's two brothers go into exile in Scotland but there too the desire that Derdriu's beauty sparks in men causes problems.
G
wenhwyfar/
G
uinevere
Authors: Wood Juliette
Published: June 2017

Gwenhwyfar (Guinevere) is the wife of King Arthur. In wider Arthurian sources, her love affair with Sir Lancelot du Lac, Arthur's chief knight, motivates the central conflicts of the romance tradition. However, in native Welsh sources, the dominant theme revolves around her abduction and rescue, and the conflict with Gwenhwyfach which brings about the battle of Camlann.
Owein, neu Chwedl Iarlles y Ffynnawn/
Owain, or the Tale of the Lady of the Fountain
Authors: Fulton Helen
Published: June 2017

The Welsh prose tale,
Owein, neu Chwedl Iarlles y Ffynnawn
(Owain, or the tale of the Lady of the Fountain), is one of three Welsh Arthurian romances composed in the first half of the thirteenth century. The tale corresponds closely to the twelfth‐century French narrative poem,
Yvain
, by Chrétien de Troyes. It recounts the story of a well‐known Welsh hero who has to reconcile the conflicting obligations of marriage and knighthood.
B
ook of
K
ells
Authors: Tilghman Benjamin C.
Published: June 2017

The Book of Kells is a decorated manuscript containing the four Gospels. It has been dated to c. 800 and localized variously to Ireland, Scotland, and Northumbria. It is notable for the richness and variety of its decoration, for the problems posed by its unusual iconography, and for its continuing fame as an icon of Irish identity.
B
iket,
R
obert (
Lai du Cor
)
Authors: Rector Geoff
Published: June 2017

Robert Biket is the author of the
Lai du cor
, a short Arthurian romance or
lai
dating from the end of the twelfth century. The manuscript and the story both suggest that this otherwise unknown Robert is British, and may have had a particular connection to Cirencester. The story, which features the Welsh hero Caradoc, has close connections to the
Lai du cort mantel
and yet may also reveal echoes of romance's fascination with the east and an eastern story‐world.
Wallace,The
Authors: Caughey Anna
Published: June 2017

An extended narrative poem relating the adventures of William Wallace (d. 1305) during the Scottish Wars of Independence, theWallace(c. 1470s) depicts its hero's struggles against the forces of Edward I, the important moment in which the Scottish knight encourages Robert Bruce to take up his role as defender of the nation, his adventures at the French court, and his eventual betrayal and death. While little is known about the poet, identified only as “Blind Hary,” the text's substantial afterlife in the form of early modern print editions, translations, and adaptations has cemented Wallace's popularity as a key figure in discourses regarding Scottish identity.
Introduction: Biochemistry, Role and Biotechnology of Secondary Metabolites (FromAPRVolume 2)
Authors: Wink Michael
Published: June 2017

The sections in this article are

Introduction

Biosynthesis

Transport, Storage and Turnover

Costs of Secondary Metabolism

Role of Secondary Metabolites and their Application in Biotechnology
Biochemistry and Physiology of Alkaloids and Betalains
Authors: Roberts Margaret F. , Strack Dieter
Published: June 2017

The sections in this article are

Introduction

Nicotine and Tropane Alkaloids

Pyrrolizidine Alkaloids

Benzylisoquinoline Alkaloids

Monoterpene Indole Alkaloids

Ergot Alkaloids

Acridone Alkaloid Biosynthesis

Purine Alkaloids

Taxol

Betalains

Conclusions

Acknowledgements
The Jasmonate Cascade and the Complexity of Induced Defence Against Herbivore Attack
Authors: Baldwin Ian T.
Published: June 2017

The sections in this article are

Introduction: A Comparison with Pathogen‐Induced Defences

Induced Resistance and Tolerance

Conclusions and Future Directions

Acknowledgements

Note Added in Proof
Plant‐Microbe Interactions and Secondary Metabolites with Antiviral, Antibacterial and Antifungal Properties
Authors: Reichling Jürgen
Published: June 2017

The sections in this article are

Introduction

Induced Local Defence by Means of Phytoalexins

Antibacterial and Antifungal Agents of Higher Plants

Secondary Metabolites from Higher Plants with Antiviral Properties

Conclusions
Genetic Analysis and Evolution of Plant Disease Resistance Genes
Authors: Dodds Peter N. , Lawrence Gregory J. , Pryor A. , Ellis Jeffrey G.
Published: June 2017

The sections in this article are

Introduction

Features of Cloned Resistance Genes

Control of Resistance Gene Specificity

Do Resistance Proteins Interact Directly with Avirulence Determinants?

Organisation of Resistance Gene Loci

Evolution of Resistance Genes by Divergent Selection

Evolution of Resistance Genes by Recombination

Concluding Remarks
Signalling in Plant Disease Resistance
Authors: Parker Jane E.
Published: June 2017

The sections in this article are

Introduction

Resistance Proteins as Signalling Molecules

Early Cellular Reprogramming

Genetic Dissection of Disease Resistance Pathways

Concluding Remarks

Acknowledgements
Programmed Cell Death in Plants in Response to Pathogen Attack
Authors: Birch Paul R.J. , Avrova Anna O. , Dellagi Alia , Lacomme Christophe , Cruz Simon Santa , Lyon Gary D.
Published: June 2017

The sections in this article are

Introduction

Comparison of the Morphologies of Apoptosis in Animals andPCDin the Plant Hypersensitive Response

Comparison of the Molecular Bases of Apoptosis in Animals andPCDin the Plant Hypersensitive Response

Conclusion: is the Plant Hypersensitive Response Apoptosis?

Acknowledgements
Systemic Acquired Resistance
Authors: Barker Claire
Published: June 2017

The sections in this article are

Introduction

Biochemical Analysis of Systemic Signalling

Genetic Analysis of theSARPathway

SA/NPR1Independent Resistance Pathways

Concluding Remarks

Acknowledgements
Transgenic Approaches to Disease Resistant Plants as Exemplified by Viruses
Authors: Walsh John A.
Published: June 2017

The sections in this article are

Introduction

Pathogen‐Derived Resistance to Plant Viruses

Prokaryotic Genes

Non‐Plant Eukaryotic Genes

Plant Genes

Perceived Risks Associated with Transgenic Resistance

Concluding Remarks

Acknowledgements
Emerging Technologies and their Application in the Study of Host‐Pathogen Interactions
Authors: Dietrich Robert A.
Published: June 2017

The sections in this article are

Introduction

Genetic Approaches

Genomics‐Based Approaches

Bioinformatics

Conclusions
Multifunctional Polymeric Micelles for Combining Chelation and Detection of Iron in Living Cells
Authors: Liu Zhi , Purro Max , Qiao Jing , Xiong May P.
Published: June 2017

Multifunctional self‐assembled micelles composed of Pluronics F127 polymer chains are developed and investigated for chelation and selective detection of iron(III) in vitro and in iron‐overloaded cells. Tetraphenylethene (TPE) is encapsulated into the micelle core and the iron chelate drug deferoxamine (DFO) is conjugated to micelles to generate a fluorescence quenching detection system termed DFO‐TFM for short, where T stands for TPE, F for F127, and M for micelle. The key to the successful formation of this fluorescence quenching system is due to the near‐ideal overlap between the absorption spectrum of the DFO:iron(III) complex and fluorescence spectrum of TPE. DFO‐TFM can retain the iron‐chelation properties of DFO and exhibits negligible cytotoxicity compared to free DFO. Furthermore, this fluorescence “turn‐off” system can be utilized to detect the presence of iron and to monitor the chelation process in an iron overload cell model. This study serves as an effective proof‐of‐concept model for designing future in vivo systems capable of combining the features of iron chelation with iron detection and efforts toward the development of such detection systems are currently underway.
Efficient Skin Temperature Sensor and Stable Gel‐Less Sticky ECG Sensor for a Wearable Flexible Healthcare Patch
Authors: Yamamoto Yuki , Yamamoto Daisuke , Takada Makoto , Naito Hiroyoshi , Arie Takayuki , Akita Seiji , Takei Kuniharu
Published: June 2017

Wearable, flexible healthcare devices, which can monitor health data to predict and diagnose disease in advance, benefit society. Toward this future, various flexible and stretchable sensors as well as other components are demonstrated by arranging materials, structures, and processes. Although there are many sensor demonstrations, the fundamental characteristics such as the dependence of a temperature sensor on film thickness and the impact of adhesive for an electrocardiogram (ECG) sensor are yet to be explored in detail. In this study, the effect of film thickness for skin temperature measurements, adhesive force, and reliability of gel‐less ECG sensors as well as an integrated real‐time demonstration is reported. Depending on the ambient conditions, film thickness strongly affects the precision of skin temperature measurements, resulting in a thin flexible film suitable for a temperature sensor in wearable device applications. Furthermore, by arranging the material composition, stable gel‐less sticky ECG electrodes are realized. Finally, real‐time simultaneous skin temperature and ECG signal recordings are demonstrated by attaching an optimized device onto a volunteer's chest.
Separation Characteristics of Crystalline Amino Acids with Regard to the Modularization Idea
Authors: Löbnitz Lisa , Singer Jan , Anlauf Harald , Nirschl Hermann
Published: June 2017

In the chemical and pharmaceutical industry, a fast and efficient market launch is important to withstand global competition. Apart from the innovation of new products, the development of an appropriate production line is time‐consuming. Modularization can accelerate the design and commissioning of a production plant. Herein, representative of a pharmaceutical process, the production, precisely the solid‐liquid separation, of amino acids is considered. Therefore, the separation behavior of different amino acid systems and variations within solid systems are examined. With this information, a production plant is designed and differences regarding the amino acid systems are identified.
Copper‐Catalyzed Direct Oxyphosphorylation of Enamides with P(O)‐H Compounds and Dioxygen
Authors: Liang Wu , Zhang Zhijie , Yi Dong , Fu Qiang , Chen Suyuan , Yang Lu , Du Fengtian , Ji Jianxin , Wei Wei
Published: June 2017

A simple and convenient copper‐catalyzed direct oxyphosphorylation of enamides with P(O)‐H compounds and dioxygen has been developed under mild conditions. This methodology can allow the synthesis of a series of valuable β‐ketophosphine oxides/β‐ketophosphonates in moderate to good yields with a broad substrate scope simply by using readily‐available starting materials.
Acid‐Functionalised Magnetic Ionic Liquid [AcMIm]FeCl4 as Catalyst for Oxidative Hydroxylation of Arylboronic Acids and Regioselective Friedel–Crafts Acylation
Authors: Saha Arijit , Payra Soumen , Dutta Dipa , Banerjee Subhash
Published: June 2017

An acid‐functionalised, magnetic, room‐temperature ionic liquid, 1‐acyl‐3‐methylimidazolium tetrachloroferrate ([AcMIm]FeCl4), was synthesised and its optical, magnetic, and thermal properties were investigated. The magnetic moment (0.05402 emu in 2 T magnetic fields) showed strong paramagnetic behaviour, and thermogravimetric analysis indicated very good thermal stability with a decomposition temperature higher than 230 °C. Additionally, [AcMIm]FeCl4 efficiently catalysed the oxidative ipso‐hydroxylation of arylboronic acids and regioselective Friedel–Crafts acylation without external organic solvent or additives, such as acids, base, and ligands. This functionalised ionic liquid, [AcMIm]FeCl4, was recycled and reused at least six times without significant loss of its catalytic properties and stability.
Beyond temperature coupling: Effects of temperature on ectotherm signaling and mate choice and the implications for communication in multispecies assemblages
Authors: Symes Laurel B. , Rodríguez Rafael L. , Höbel Gerlinde
Published: June 2017

Many organisms share communication channels, generating complex signaling environments that increase the risk of signal interference. Variation in abiotic conditions, such as temperature, may further exacerbate signal interference, particularly in ectotherms. We tested the effects of temperature on the pulse rate of male signals in a community of Oecanthus tree crickets, and for one focal species we also assessed its effect on female pulse rate preferences and motivation to seek mates. We confirm prior findings of temperature‐dependent signals that result in increasing signal similarity at lower temperatures. Temperature also affected several aspects of female preferences: The preferred pulse rate value was temperature dependent, and nearly perfectly coupled with signal pulse rate; the range of pulse rate values that females found attractive also increased with temperature. By contrast, the motivation of females to perform phonotaxis was unaffected by temperature. Thus, at lower temperatures the signals of closely related species were more similar and females more discriminating. However, because signal similarity increased more strongly than female discrimination, signal interference and the likelihood of mismating may increase as temperatures drop. We suggest that a community approach will be useful for understanding the role of environmental variability in the evolution of communication systems.
Drivers of landscape evolution: multiple regimes and their influence on carbon sequestration in a sub‐tropical peatland
Authors: Newman Susan , Osborne Todd Z. , Hagerthey Scot E. , Saunders Colin , Rutchey Ken , Schall Ted , Reddy Konda R.
Published: June 2017

Typically, restoration goals target a point in history, i.e., the pre‐human‐influence state, however, ecosystems are dynamic and restoration goals must consider the potential evolution of the system, along with primary causes of landscape degradation and the resultant resilience. Using the Everglades as a case study, known disturbances were linked to biogeochemical and vegetation patterns to compare the divergence of the anthropogenically impacted landscape from that expected during natural peatland evolution. Specifically, landscape soil biogeochemistry of ~1,100 sites was examined in context of hydroperiod, spatial and temporal trends in water quality from the 1940s through present, elevation, and vegetation communities. This provided a link between carbon (C) accumulation and the influence of anthropogenic alterations. The network of canals created to manage water resulted in a greater ratio of surface water to rainfall contribution to the water budget, restored connectivity of groundwater to surface water, and facilitated overdrainage and mineral and nutrient enrichment of the ecosystem, causing multiple regime shifts and evidence of C loss. This study suggests that restoration can promote the accumulation of minerotrophic peats, but it is difficult to recreate the trajectory towards the ombrotrophic peatland, one of the end members and most C rich portions of the ecosystem, given changes in source waters and connectivity. In addition, a comparison with the literature and paleoecological data confirmed that while phosphorus (P) and C accumulation are positively related, even relatively small increases in P content reduced the proportional C content of peat soils. Overall, this study highlights the need to consider the potential natural trajectories of landscape development, the multiple coexisting resultant regimes, and the importance of soil biogeochemical properties when establishing and prioritizing restoration goals. Given the resilience and feedback loops of the anthropogenically impacted areas, active management of these areas may be necessary if we are to restore the vegetation community composition and biogeochemical characteristics to those of natural regimes, however, some legacy effects will constrain future restoration efforts.
Parametric optimum design criteria of a thermophotovoltaic cell
Authors: Yang Zhimin , Wang Junyi , Chen Xiaohang , Lin Guoxing
Published: June 2017

A new model of the thermophotovoltaic cell (TPVC) including internal and external irreversible losses is proposed. Expressions for the efficiency and power output of the TPVC are analytically derived. The curves of the temperatures of the emitter and the photovoltaic (PV) cell, two heat flows of the TPVC, and current density of the PV cell varying with the voltage output are presented through numerical calculation. The effects of the voltage output of the PV cell and the band gap energy of the semiconductor material in the PV cell on the efficiency and power output are discussed in detail. The maximum efficiency and power output density are calculated. The choice criteria of some key parameters are supplied. The influence of the temperature of the heat source on the performance of the TPVC is revealed. The lower and upper bounds of the optimized parameters are determined. The results obtained here may provide some theoretical guidance for the optimal design of practical TPVCs. © 2017 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Environ Prog, 37: 513–517, 2018
Analysis of gas holdup and bubble behavior in a biopolymer solution inside a bioreactor using tomography and dynamic gas disengagement techniques
Authors: Khalili Fariba , Jafari Nasr MR , Kazemzadeh Argang , Ein‐Mozaffari Farhad
Published: June 2017

BACKGROUND

The interfacial mass transfer rate in an aerated system vessel in which the liquid phase is in contact with the gas phase is closely related to the interfacial area between two phases. The gas–liquid interfacial area strongly depends on the bubble size, bubble size distribution, and the gas holdup. For the first time, in this study the performance of the ASI impeller was assessed by determining the bubble classes, bubble size distribution, local gas holdup, and global gas holdup in an aerated mixing system containing a highly viscous and non‐Newtonian biopolymer solution. The effects of the volumetric gas flow, impeller speed, and fluid rheology on the gas dispersion attained by the ASI impeller were investigated.

RESULTS

Electrical resistance tomography (ERT) was coupled with the dynamic gas disengagement (DGD) technique to determine the bubble classes, to measure the gas holdup, and to calculate the Sauter mean bubble diameter. The performance of the ASI impeller was compared with those of the pitched blade turbine and the Rushton impeller in terms of the bubble size distribution and gas holdup. The experimental data revealed that three classes of bubbles were formed within the aerated system. An empirical correlation for the gas holdup as a function of the gas flow number and apparent viscosity of fluid was developed for the aerated mixing tank equipped with the ASI impeller.

CONCLUSION

The ASI impeller effectively enhanced the breakage of the bubbles and gas holdup at the higher gas flow rates in a yield‐pseudoplastic fluid. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry
Evaluation of bacteria isolated from textile wastewater and rhizosphere to simultaneously degrade azo dyes and promote plant growth
Authors: Shafqat Mateen , Khalid Azeem , Mahmood Tariq , Siddique Muhammad T , Han Jong‐In , Habteselassie Mussie Y
Published: June 2017

BACKGROUND

The release of untreated textile effluent to the environment and its subsequent application to cropland poses a serious threat to human health. Various bacterial species contained in the effluent can degrade azo dyes; however, no work has been done to elucidate the role of these bacteria for plant growth promotion (PGP). This study was designed to isolate and evaluate bacterial strains carrying dual traits for azo dye degradation and PGP.

RESULTS

About 468 bacterial isolates were collected from textile effluent, sludge and dye‐contaminated soil through enrichment in mineral salt medium (MSM) containing reactive black‐5 dye (100 mg L‐1). Seven isolates (I‐15, S‐10, 7.3, 11.4, AE‐5, AE‐7 and AE‐8) with promising potential to treat the dye (100% color removal in 12–24 h) also exhibited significant production of indole acetic acid (9–21 μg mL‐1) and halo ring formation (diameter 6–11 mm), which is indicative of phosphate solubilization (P‐solubilization). Inoculation of the isolates to maize (Zea mays) plants grown in water and MSM containing the dye resulted in decolorization of the dye while significantly improving plant biomass compared with the control plants.

CONCLUSIONS

Our findings show that bacterial isolates possessing dual traits could be used simultaneously for textile effluent treatment and PGP. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry
Reverse engineering development: Crosstalk opportunities between developmental biology and tissue engineering
Authors: Marcucio Ralph S. , Qin Ling , Alsberg Eben , Boerckel Joel D.
Published: June 2017

The fields of developmental biology and tissue engineering have been revolutionized in recent years by technological advancements, expanded understanding, and biomaterials design, leading to the emerging paradigm of “developmental” or “biomimetic” tissue engineering. While developmental biology and tissue engineering have long overlapping histories, the fields have largely diverged in recent years at the same time that crosstalk opportunities for mutual benefit are more salient than ever. In this perspective article, we will use musculoskeletal development and tissue engineering as a platform on which to discuss these emerging crosstalk opportunities and will present our opinions on the bright future of these overlapping spheres of influence. The multicellular programs that control musculoskeletal development are rapidly becoming clarified, represented by shifting paradigms in our understanding of cellular function, identity, and lineage specification during development. Simultaneously, advancements in bioartificial matrices that replicate the biochemical, microstructural, and mechanical properties of developing tissues present new tools and approaches for recapitulating development in tissue engineering. Here, we introduce concepts and experimental approaches in musculoskeletal developmental biology and biomaterials design and discuss applications in tissue engineering as well as opportunities for tissue engineering approaches to inform our understanding of fundamental biology. © 2017 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 35:2356–2368, 2017.
Phase IIa trial of fingolimod for amyotrophic lateral sclerosis demonstrates acceptable acute safety and tolerability
Authors: Berry James D. , Paganoni Sabrina , Atassi Nazem , Macklin Eric A. , Goyal Namita , Rivner Michael , Simpson Ericka , Appel Stanley , Grasso Daniela L. , Mejia Nicte I. , Mateen Farrah , Gill Alan , Vieira Fernando , Tassinari Valerie , Perrin Steven
Published: June 2017

Introduction

Immune activation has been implicated in progression of amytrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). Oral fingolimod reduces circulating lymphocytes. The objective of this phase IIa, randomized, controlled trial was to test the short‐term safety, tolerability, and target engagement of fingolimod in ALS.

Methods

Randomization was 2:1 (fingolimod:placebo). Treatment duration was 4 weeks. Primary outcomes were safety and tolerability. Secondary outcomes included circulating lymphocytes and whole‐blood gene expression.

Results

Thirty participants were randomized; 28 were administered a drug (fingolimod 18, placebo 10). No serious adverse events occurred. Adverse events were similar by treatment arm, as was study discontinuation (2 fingolimod vs. 0 placebo, with no statistical difference). Forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1) and FEV1/slow vital capacity changes were similar in the fingolimod and placebo arms. Circulating lymphocytes decreased significantly in the fingolimod arm (P < 0.001). Nine immune‐related genes were significantly downregulated in the fingolimod arm, including forkhead box P3 (P < 0.001) and CD40 ligand (P = 0.003).

Discussion

Fingolimod is safe and well‐tolerated and can reduce circulating lymphocytes in ALS patients. Muscle Nerve 56: 1077–1084, 2017
Benign and malignant tumors in the UK myotonic dystrophy patient registry
Authors: Alsaggaf Rotana , Wang Youjin , Marini‐Bettolo Chiara , Wood Libby , Nikolenko Nikoletta , Lochmüller Hanns , Greene Mark H. , Gadalla Shahinaz M.
Published: June 2017

Introduction

In light of recent evidence indicating that cancer is part of the myotonic dystrophy (DM) phenotype, we assessed the prevalence of benign and malignant tumors among 220 patients enrolled in the UK Myotonic Dystrophy Patient Registry and evaluated factors associated with their development.

Methods

A survey was distributed to collect tumor history and lifestyle information. We used multinomial logistic regression for the analysis.

Results

Thirty‐nine benign (30 patients), and 16 malignant (15 patients) tumors were reported. Increasing age (odds ratio [OR] = 1.13, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.05–1.21, P = 0.001) and earlier age at DM diagnosis (OR = 1.06, 95% CI = 1.00–1.13, P = 0.04) were associated with benign and malignant tumors (OR = 1.20, 95% CI = 1.10–1.30, P < 0.001 and OR = 1.08, 95% CI = 1.01–1.15, P = 0.02, respectively). Female gender was associated with benign tumors only (OR = 6.43, 95% CI = 1.79–23.04, P = 0.004). No associations were observed between tumors and smoking (P = 0.24), alcohol consumption (P = 0.50), or body mass index (P = 0.21).

Discussion

Our results confirm previous findings suggesting a limited role for common lifestyle factors and a potential genetic contribution in DM tumor predisposition. Muscle Nerve 57: 316–320, 2018
The “third abstraction” of the Chinese artist LaoZhu: Neural and behavioral indicators of aesthetic appreciation
Authors: Bao Yan , Yang Taoxi , Zhang Jinfan , Zhang Jiyuan , Lin Xiaoxiong , Paolini Marco , Pöppel Ernst , Silveira Sarita
Published: June 2017

The eminent Chinese artist LaoZhu has created a homogeneous set of abstract pictures that are referred to as the “third abstraction.” By definition, these pictures are meant to be representations of the artist's personal involvement and as such to create an internal point of view in the observer on an implicit level of processing. Aiming at investigating whether the artist's choice of a specific color is experienced in a specific way in the recipient, we assessed both explicit and implicit (i.e. neurocognitive) correlates in naive viewers of LaoZhu's pieces. The behavioral results reveal a preference of the original red paintings over color‐changed counterparts in green or black. Paradoxically and inconsistent with predictions, we found higher levels of neural activation in several brain regions (predominantly in the frontal and parietal cortices) for the color‐changed compared to the original red conditions. These observations add empirically to the complementarity of early visual pathways and higher‐order cognition as well as of explicit and implicit information processing during aesthetic appreciation. We discuss our findings in light of processing effort and top‐down control of the color‐changed paintings. With regard to the third abstraction as defined by LaoZhu, in particular to the distinction between an external and internal point of view when viewing abstract art, our results contribute to an understanding of “abstraction and empathy” as a fundamental part of aesthetic appreciations.
Exploring the convective grey zone with regional simulations of a cold air outbreak
Authors: Field Paul R. , Broz̆ková Radmila , Chen Ming , Dudhia Jimy , Lac Christine , Hara Tabito , Honnert Rachel , Olson Joe , Siebesma Pier , de Roode Stephan , Tomassini Lorenzo , Hill Adrian , McTaggart‐Cowan Ron
Published: June 2017

Cold air outbreaks can bring snow to populated areas and can affect aviation safety. Shortcomings in the representation of these phenomena in global and regional models are thought to be associated with large systematic cloud‐related radiative flux errors across many models. In this study, nine regional models have been used to simulate a cold air outbreak case at a range of grid spacings (1–16 km) with convection represented explicitly or by a parametrization. Overall, there is more spread between model results for the simulations in which convection is parametrized when compared to simulations in which convection is represented explicitly. The quality of the simulations of both the stratocumulus and the convective regions of the domain are assessed with observational comparisons 24 h into the simulation. The stratocumulus region is not well reproduced by the models, which tend to predict open cell convection with increasing resolution rather than stratocumulus. For the convective region the model spread reduces with increased resolution and there is some improvement in comparison to observations. Comparing models that have the same physical parametrizations or dynamical core suggest that both are important for accurately reproducing this case.
Robotic versus thoracoscopic thymectomy: The current evidence
Authors: Buentzel Judith , Heinz Judith , Hinterthaner Marc , Schöndube Friedrich A. , Straube Carmen , Roever Christian , Emmert Alexander
Published: June 2017

Background

The purpose of this study was to analyze all relevant comparative studies comparing robot‐assisted minimally invasive thymectomy (RATS) and video‐assisted thoracic surgery thymectomy (VATS) in terms of surgical and short‐term outcomes.

Methods

A systematic search for articles describing robot‐assisted and video‐assisted thymectomy and addressing surgical outcomes, operation time, length of hospitalization, intra‐operative blood loss, conversion to sternotomy and post‐operative complications was performed using the medical databases.

Results

Of the 478 studies from preliminary screening, five articles were included. By pooling these studies, we found no significant differences between the RATS and VATS (odds ratio 1.24 (95% CI 0.51, 3.03; p = 0.63)).There were no significant differences in comparison of conversion rates, operation time (26.29 min (95% CI –2.57, 55.35; p = 0.07)) and length of hospitalization (–1.58 days (95% CI –4.78, 1.62; p = 0.33)). There was a slightly higher blood loss in the RATS group.

Conclusion

Our meta‐analysis did not detect any statistically significant differences in surgery outcomes between the two groups.
A qualitative study of DevOps usage in practice
Authors: Erich F. M. A. , Amrit C. , Daneva M.
Published: June 2017

Organizations are introducing agile and lean software development techniques in operations to increase the pace of their software development process and to improve the quality of their software. They use the term DevOps, a portmanteau of development and operations, as an umbrella term to describe their efforts. In this paper, we describe the ways in which organizations implement DevOps and the outcomes they experience. We first summarize the results of a systematic literature review that we performed to discover what researchers have written about DevOps. We then describe the results of an exploratory interview‐based study involving 6 organizations of various sizes that are active in various industries. As part of our findings, we observed that all organizations were positive about their experiences and only minor problems were encountered while adopting DevOps.
Be Careful What You Wish For: An Insider's Perspective on Licensure of I-O Psychologists
Authors: Mueller Lorin M. , Alonso Alexander
Published: June 2017

At first blush, licensing industrial and organizational (I-O) psychologists seems like a worthy pursuit. The work we do is important, can affect many lives for better or worse, and (we believe) requires a high level of education, training, and competence. Given a deeper look, however, we believe that the Licensure of Consulting and I-O Psychologists (LCIOP) Joint Task Force (2017) review overestimated the benefits of licensure, which are substantially outweighed by the practical challenges associated with a licensure program. Our response to the LCIOP represents two perspectives that can inform the feasibility of such an undertaking: a view from the inside of a federation of regulatory boards and a view from the world of certification as an alternative approach for ensuring quality in a diverse, complex profession.
Whither I-O Psychology and Legislative Restrictions?
Authors: Allen Tammy D. , Weiss Howard M.
Published: June 2017

We think that before reading our reactions to the focal article, readers should be aware of the history of the Licensure of Consulting and I-O Psychologists (LCIOP) Joint Task Force. The Association of State and Provincial Psychology Boards (ASPPB) initiated the LCIOP, and the objectives of the task force were developed without input from Society for Industrial and Organizational Psychology (SIOP). In June 2013, Don Crowder informed Mark Nagy (SIOP Chair of State Affairs) that the ASPPB approved the establishment of a joint task force related to licensure of consulting and industrial and organizational (I-O) psychologists. The membership composition of the task force was determined by ASPPB, and SIOP was allotted one member. By including a member of SIOP, ASPPB can describe the task force as a cooperative effort and SIOP ostensibly has the opportunity to help shape recommendations made with regard to the licensure of I-O psychologists. Don Crowder now serves as the president of ASPPB. In Crowder's October 2016 ASPPB meeting address, he encouraged jurisdictions to review their statutes, and, if permitted, require licensure for both health service providers (HSPs) and general applied psychologists (GAPs).
The Future Will Be Better Tomorrow
Authors: Morgan Robert F.
Published: June 2017

It was 2012 in Singapore. There I saw a young boy in a mall wearing this hopeful T-shirt message: “The future will be better tomorrow.” This paradox of incidental wisdom suggests that our future path can be changed and we are the artists.