bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Visual Outcome and Prognostic Factors of Optic Neuritis: A Perspective from the East
Authors: Singh Digvijay , Saxena Rohit
Published: March 2016

Optic neuritis is an inflammatory disorder of the optic nerve often resulting in a demyelination process. In the west and in Caucasian populations, the optic neuritis treatment trial demonstrated good recovery and excellent visual outcomes with a significant risk of conversion into multiple sclerosis. However recent reports from the Asian and African continents have noted a significantly different clinical profile and outcomes are reported to be worse than the West. Prognostic factors for visual recovery in optic neuritis have been found to include visual acuity at presentation, clinical signs in the form of retrobulbar pain and disc edema, race and ethnicity, age and retinal thinning on OCT. The risk of conversion to multiple sclerosis is low and values ranging from 0-5% have been reported in various studies. This review collates information about optic neuritis from the Eastern part of the world with regard to clinical profile, visual outcome, prognostic factors and risk of conversion to multiple sclerosis.
Eyelid Basal Cell Carcinoma Reconstruction and Outcome
Authors: Gupta Saroj , Khan Nida , Agarwal Prakash , Tigga Marry
Published: March 2016

A 60 year old female presented with an ulcerative lesion of lower eyelid that was slowly increasing in size over the past 6 months. The patient was provisionally diagnosed as a basal cell carcinoma of lower lid. First incision biopsy was done for confirmation followed by complete excision of the lesion combined with primary reconstruction of lower eyelid by superficial temporal artery based island forehead flap. At two year follow up the patient was symptom free and complete eyelid closure was maintained.
Smile Incision: An Innovation in Glaucoma Surgery
Authors: Singh Kirti , Bhattacharyya Mainak , Wali Keerti , Kumar Sumit
Published: March 2016

The success of trabeculectomy is dependent on various factors like patient age, ethnicity, type of glaucoma, status of conjunctiva, ocular co-morbidities, postoperative healing, postoperative adverse events, use of antifibrotic agents and tissue handling. Of these factors only the last is under control of surgeon and thereby needs to be mastered. We describe a surgical innovation in trabeculectomy in an attempt to influence the course of healing towards a more successful outcome.
The Latest Research About Paxlovid: Effectiveness, Access, and Possible Long COVID Benefits
Authors: Rubin Rita
Published: September 2024

This Medical News article discusses the latest research about the use of nirmatrelvir-ritonavir, sold as Paxlovid, to treat COVID-19 and, possibly, to prevent or treat long COVID.
AI-Powered Clinical Documentation and Clinicians’ Electronic Health Record Experience
Authors: Liu Tsai-Ling , Hetherington Timothy C. , Stephens Casey , McWilliams Andrew , Dharod Ajay , Carroll Tracey , Cleveland Jeffrey A.
Published: September 2024

This nonrandomized clinical trial investigated the electronic health record (EHR) experiences of clinicians before and after implementation of an artificial intelligence (AI)–powered clinical documentation tool.
Cerebellar transcranial magnetic stimulation improves motor function in Parkinson's disease
Authors: Grobe‐Einsler Marcus , Baljasnikowa Viktoria , Faikus Aline , Schaprian Tamara , Kaut Oliver
Published: September 2024

Objective

To determine whether an accelerated protocol of 48 Hz cerebellar repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation results in improved motor function in individuals with Parkinson's disease.

Methods

In this double‐blind randomized sham‐controlled study, 35 individuals with Parkinson's disease and stable medical treatment were randomized to either sham or verum transcranial magnetic stimulation. The stimulation was applied bilaterally and medial over the cerebellum and comprised a novel accelerated protocol encompassing two sessions per day on 5 consecutive days. Patients were assessed at baseline, on day 5 after the last stimulation and 1 month post intervention. Measurements included dynamic posturography, UPDRS III, 8‐Meter walk test, and Timed Up and Go test.

Results

The accelerated protocol was safe and feasible in an outpatient setting. Patients in the verum group showed significant improvement (p < 0.001) of motor symptoms as measured in the UPDRS III. Improvement was mainly carried by the domains rigor, bradykinesia, and gait and persisted after 1 month (p = 0.009), whereas tremor remained unchanged.

Interpretation

The effect of a high‐dose transcranial magnetic stimulation in patients with Parkinson's disease is encouraging and comparable to other studies using much longer stimulation protocols. This short‐term intervention of 5 days facilitates the future application in an outpatient setting. Reduction in hospitalization rates directly benefits patients with motor impairment.
Serum glial fibrillary acidic protein predicts disease progression in multiple sclerosis
Authors: Madill Evan , Healy Brian C. , Molazadeh Negar , Polgar‐Turcsanyi Mariann , Glanz Bonnie I. , Weiner Howard L. , Chitnis Tanuja
Published: September 2024

Objective

Glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) is expressed in astrocytes and may be a useful marker of non‐active progressive multiple sclerosis (MS). We evaluate serum GFAP (sGFAP) in a large cohort of MS patients to determine if it predicts progression independent of relapse activity (PIRA), future gait aid, and conversion to secondary progressive disease (SPMS).

Methods

Adults with clinically isolated syndrome or any subtype of MS who were listed in the Brigham MS Center Research Database and had at least one sGFAP result were included. All clinic visits following first sample were analyzed for PIRA, future gait aid, and conversion to SPMS. Future cognitive dysfunction and fatigue were evaluated as secondary outcomes.

Results

In total, 741 patients were included (average age: 42.3, average disease duration: 3.7 years, median EDSS: 2, and median follow‐up duration: 10.0 years). Of 643 patients (86.8%) without progressive disease at baseline, 15.9% developed SPMS. Among all 741, 50.5% had PIRA and 18.6% developed a gait aid requirement. sGFAP level predicted PIRA, future gait aid, and conversion to SPMS in univariable models (p < 0.001, <0.001, and 0.002). sGFAP remained predictive for PIRA and future gait aid in multivariable models in those younger than 50 (p = 0.048, 0.003). Change in sGFAP level over time was not predictive. There was no association between sGFAP and future fatigue or cognitive dysfunction.

Interpretation

sGFAP helps to predict PIRA, future gait aid, and conversion to SPMS in a large cohort of MS patients. Our data suggest that baseline levels may be more useful than the change over time.
Scalable Equals Sustainable: The Infrastructural Imperative of Earthen Construction
Authors: Feringa Jelle
Published: September 2024

Building with earth seems a sensible ambition in our troubled climatic times. A fundamental problem, though, is being able to make larger, more complex structures from earth without jettisoning its unique sustainable and artisan qualities at the domestic and sub‐domestic scales. Architecture and robotics specialist and co‐founder of EZCT Architecture & Design Research Jelle Feringa considers the concepts and issues involved.
Concrete Patents: Innovative Building Materials and Construction Processes
Authors: Langenberg Silke , Schlachetzki Sarah M , Rehm Robin
Published: September 2024

The world of patents has always expanded exponentially in line with innovative inventions and materials, and this has been particularly true in the first few decades of the 21st century, which have delivered numerous construction materials and jointing and bonding techniques. ETH Zurich's Silke Langenberg, Sarah M Schlachetzki and Robin Rehm draw attention to the fact that within the academic field of construction heritage, little research has been done to review historical patents for possible sustainable construction materials and methods left by the wayside in the pursuit of industrialised architectural modernism.
Opioid settlement funds: Supplanting?
Authors: Knopf Alison
Published: September 2024

“Supplement, don't supplant” has long been the watchcry of public interest, and all interest, groups when it comes to funding. Whether for health issues, education or other public‐interest issues, new funding is not supposed to take the place of what is already there, with the end result that there is no increase at all. The taxpayer is, in effect, robbed of the good that was supposed to be done by the new funds. Yet that has happened, time and time again, as states, for example, use new funding to supplant existing funding, taking the money and putting it towards another purpose — the general fund, salaries and benefits, or whatever. It takes solid and dedicated reporting to ferret out this kind of problem.
Lykos cuts workforce, revamps in wake of FDA decision
Authors: Knopf Alison
Published: September 2024

When the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) turned down Lykos Therapeutics' application for its MDMA drug to treat post‐traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) (see ADAW https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/adaw.34219), the company seemed optimistic about the future. A couple weeks later, reality apparently set in. The company, which had been known as the for‐profit arm of MAPS, reorganized.
Construction of Through‐Space Charge‐Transfer Nanoparticles for Facilely Realizing High‐Performance NIR‐II Cancer Phototheranostics
Authors: Lee Ka‐Wai , Gao Yijian , Chou Shu‐Hua , Wan Yingpeng , Hsu Allen Chu‐Hsiang , Tan Ji‐Hua , Li Yuqing , Guan Zhiqiang , Chen Huan , Li Shengliang , Wong Ken‐Tsung , Lee Chun‐Sing
Published: September 2024

Phototheranostics with second near‐infrared (NIR‐II) emissions show great potential for disease diagnosis and imaging‐guided phototherapy owing to deep tissue penetration, high imaging resolution, and excellent tumor eradication. Recently, molecular conjugation engineering and J‐aggregation have been used to construct organic NIR‐II materials. However, these molecules generally have extensive conjugation and large molecular weight in the range of 700–1700 g mol−1, requiring complicated molecular design and synthesis. Herein, a NIR‐II emissive through‐space charge‐transfer (TSCT) nanoparticle (NP) using short‐conjugated donor‐acceptor (D‐A) molecules (TTP) is reported for high‐performance bioimaging and cancer phototheranostics. Owing to the short conjugation of the TTP molecule with a small molecular weight of only 518 g mol−1, the TTP monomer possesses visible absorption and first near‐infrared (NIR‐I) emission. Upon forming NPs in water, the efficient TSCT between TTP monomers leads to significantly red‐shifted absorption to the NIR‐I and emission to the NIR‐II region with a tail that extends to 1400 nm. TTP NPs are employed in NIR‐II in vivo blood‐vessel bioimaging and cancer phototheranostics successfully. This work introduces a facile strategy to construct NIR‐II emissive NPs based on short‐conjugated D‐A molecules for high‐performance biomedical applications.
MoS2/GaN Junction Field‐Effect Transistors with Ultralow Subthreshold Swing and High On/Off Ratio via Thickness Engineering for Logic Inverters
Authors: Zhou Yao , Li Fei , Li Wenfeng , Chen Jianru , Gao Jiahao , Huang Jianming , Zhao Liang , Zhao Tu , Li Jiabin , Zheng Tao , Pan Zhidong , Zheng Zhaoqiang , Huo Nengjie , Luo Dongxiang , Yang Mengmeng , Wang Xingfu , Chen Wenlong , Sun Yiming , Gao Wei
Published: September 2024

In recent years, 2D/3D heterojunction electronic devices have attracted considerable attention. As the size decreases, enhancing the speed of MOSFETs, reducing the subthreshold swing (SS), and lowering the power consumption (P) have become challenging. Therefore, in the post‐Moore era, in response to the continuation of Moore's law, junction field‐effect transistors (JFETs) based on mixed‐dimensional MoS2/GaN heterojunctions are proposed via thickness engineering. Accordingly, flat hetero interface and large potential barrier height of 5 eV across the heterojunction, an ultra‐low SS of 60.9 mV dec−1 (The Boltzmann limit is 60 mV dec−1) is achieved at Vds = 0.1 V when the MoS2 thickness is 10 nm. Additionally, a high Ion/Ioff ratio of 107 and a saturation current density (Jds) of 0.16 µA µm−1 is achieved. As the thickness of MoS2 increased from 6 to 16 nm, the working mode transitioned from enhancement mode to depletion mode. The depletion region across the channel is verified using computer‐aided design technology. Finally, an N‐type load inverter with a maximum voltage gain of 4 and a minimum static P of 25 nW is applied. Overall, the work provides a universal strategy for constructing a series of high‐performance transition metal dichalcogenide/GaN JFETs.
One‐Pot Synthesis of 2,4,6‐Trialkoxy‐ and Triaryloxybenzoates by Cs2CO3‐Mediated Tandem Dimerization/(3+3) Cyclocondensation of 1,3‐Acetonedicarboxylates
Authors: Chang Meng‐Yang , Ho Chin‐Huey
Published: September 2024

In this study, Cs2CO3‐mediated one‐pot tandem dimerization/(3+3) cyclocondensation of 1,3‐acetonedicarboxylates followed by substitution of alkyl or aryl halides was developed to construct functionalized 2,4,6‐trialkoxy‐ and triaryloxybenzoates. In the effective reaction, the core benzene system was formed in a single‐step process under open‐vessel conditions. A plausible mechanism for this reaction is proposed and discussed herein.
Tracking climate vulnerability across spatial distribution and functional traits in Magnolia gentryi in the Peruvian tropical montane cloud forest
Authors: Rodríguez‐Ramírez Ernesto C. , Arroyo Frank , Ames‐Martínez Fressia N. , Andrés‐Hernández Agustina Rosa
Published: September 2024

Premise

Understanding the responses of functional traits in tree species to climate variability is essential for predicting the future of tropical montane cloud forest (TMCF) tree species, especially in Andean montane environments where fog pockets act as moisture traps.

Methods

We studied the distribution of Magnolia gentryi, measured its spatial arrangement, identified local hotspots, and evaluated the extent to which climate‐related factors are associated with its distribution. We then analyzed the variation in 13 functional traits of M. gentryi and the relationship with climate.

Results

Andean TMCF climatic factors constrain M. gentryi spatial distribution with significant patches or gaps that are associated with high precipitation and mean minimum temperature. The functional traits of M. gentryi are limited by the Andean TMCF climatic factors, resulting in reduced within‐species variation in traits associated with water deficit.

Conclusions

The association between functional traits and climate oscillation is crucial for understanding the growth conditions of relict‐endemic species and is essential for conservation efforts. Forest trait diversity and species composition change because of fluctuations in hydraulic safety‐efficiency gradients.
Digital cognitive assessments as low‐burden markers for predicting future cognitive decline and tau accumulation across the Alzheimer's spectrum
Authors: Vanderlip Casey R. , Stark Craig E. L. ,   for the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative
Published: September 2024

BACKGROUND

Digital cognitive assessments, particularly those that can be done at home, present as low‐burden biomarkers for participants and patients alike, but their effectiveness in the diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease (AD) or predicting its trajectory is still unclear. Here, we assessed what utility or added value these digital cognitive assessments provide for identifying those at high risk of cognitive decline.

METHODS

We analyzed >500 Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative participants who underwent a brief digital cognitive assessment and amyloid beta (Aβ)/tau positron emission tomography scans, examining their ability to distinguish cognitive status and predict cognitive decline.

RESULTS

Performance on the digital cognitive assessment was superior to both cortical Aβ and entorhinal tau in detecting mild cognitive impairment and future cognitive decline, with mnemonic discrimination deficits emerging as the most critical measure for predicting decline and future tau accumulation.

DISCUSSION

Digital assessments are effective at identifying at‐risk individuals, supporting their utility as low‐burden tools for early AD detection and monitoring.

Highlights

Performance on digital cognitive assessments predicts progression to mild cognitive impairment at a higher proficiency compared to amyloid beta and tau.

Deficits in mnemonic discrimination are indicative of future cognitive decline.

Impaired mnemonic discrimination predicts future entorhinal and inferior temporal tau.
Enhancing Anion‐Selective Catalysis for Stable Lithium Metal Pouch Cells through Charge Separated COF Interlayer
Authors: Zhao Peiyu , Zhang Yanhua , Sun Baoyu , Qiao Rui , Li Chao , Hai Pengqi , Wang Yingche , Liu Feng , Song Jiangxuan
Published: September 2024

Regulating the composition of solid‐electrolyte‐interphase (SEI) is the key to construct high‐energy density lithium metal batteries. Here we report a selective catalysis anionic decomposition strategy to achieve a lithium fluoride (LiF)‐rich SEI for stable lithium metal batteries. To accomplish this, the tris(4‐aminophenyl) amine‐pyromeletic dianhydride covalent organic frameworks (TP‐COF) was adopted as an interlayer on lithium metal anode. The strong donor‐acceptor unit structure of TP‐COF induces local charge separation, resulting in electron depletion and thus boosting its affinity to FSI−. The strong interaction between TP‐COF and FSI− lowers the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) energy level of FSI−, accelerating the decomposition of FSI− and generating a stable LiF‐rich SEI. This feature facilitates rapid Li+ transfer and suppresses dendritic Li growth. Notably, we demonstrate a 6.5 Ah LiNi0.8Co0.1Mn0.1O2|TP‐COF@Li pouch cell with high energy density (473.4 Wh kg−1) and excellent cycling stability (97.4 %, 95 cycles) under lean electrolyte 1.39 g Ah−1, high areal capacity 5.7 mAh cm−2, and high current density 2.7 mA cm−2. Our selective catalysis strategy opens a promising avenue toward the practical applications of high energy‐density rechargeable batteries.
C60 Fullerene‐Induced Reduction of Metal Ions: Synthesis of C60‐Metal Cluster Heterostructures with High Electrocatalytic Hydrogen‐Evolution Performance
Authors: Yang Wenhao , Huang Qi , Yan Yingying , Li Yaozhou , Xu Tingting , Yu Ao , Zhao Yihang , Peng Ping , Wang Ying , Echegoyen Luis , Li Fang‐Fang
Published: September 2024

Metal clusters, due to their small dimensions, contain a high proportion of surface atoms, thus possessing a significantly improved catalytic activity compared with their bulk counterparts and nanoparticles. Defective and modified carbon supports are effective in stabilizing metal clusters, however, the synthesis of isolated metal clusters still requires multiple steps and harsh conditions. Herein, we develop a C60 fullerene‐driven spontaneous metal deposition process, where C60 serves as both a reductant and an anchor, to achieve uniform metal (Rh, Ir, Pt, Pd, Au and Ru) clusters without the need for any defects or functional groups on C60. Density functional theory calculations reveal that C60 possesses multiple strong metal adsorption sites, which favors stable and uniform deposition of metal atoms. In addition, owing to the electron‐withdrawing properties of C60, the electronic structures of metal clusters are effectively regulated, not only optimizing the adsorption behavior of reaction intermediates but also accelerating the kinetics of hydrogen evolution reaction. The synthesized Ru/C60‐300 exhibits remarkable performance for hydrogen evolution in an alkaline condition. This study demonstrates a facile and efficient method for synthesizing effective fullerene‐supported metal cluster catalysts without any pretreatment and additional reducing agent.
Event‐triggered shared control for Euler–Lagrange systems with actuator fault and unknown control direction
Authors: Feng Xiaoying , Zhang Xiaoyu
Published: September 2024

Security is of paramount importance in the operation of human‐controlled mechanical systems. In the unfortunate event of an accident, the operator may find themselves in a state of distress. This research focuses on the study of adaptive event‐triggered shared control techniques for uncertain Euler–Lagrange systems afflicted by actuator faults and the presence of unknown disturbances. Unlike existing results on shared control, the uncertain Euler–Lagrange system considered in this study contains both an unknown control direction and actuator faults, making it more practical. Furthermore, the controller we have designed demonstrates enhanced stability in the face of these challenges. To counteract the impact of unknown control direction, we introduce a state feedback controller employing Nussbaum functions. Additionally, the devised event‐triggered mechanism serves to reduce the system's network communication resource utilization. The implementation of our shared control strategy ensures asymptotic tracking of target trajectories by the system's outputs while maintaining consistent operation within a defined safe region. Finally, a simulated example is presented to validate the effectiveness of our proposed methodologies.
Near infrared aggregation‐induced emission fluorescent materials for lipid droplets testing and photodynamic therapy
Authors: Wu Jiang , Zhang Yao , Wu Xiaoxiao , Chen Tu , Yan Miao , Shi Shijing , Zhang Fei , Fan Baolei , Zhao Baoqing , Cheng Hong
Published: September 2024

Near‐infrared (NIR) fluorescent probes with aggregation‐induced emission (AIE) properties are of great significance in cell imaging and cancer therapy. However, the complexity of its synthesis, poor photostabilities, and expensive raw materials still pose some obstacles to their practical application. This study reported an AIE luminescent material with red emission and its application in in vitro imaging and photodynamic therapy (PDT) study. This material has the characteristics of simple synthesis, large Stokes shift, good photostabilities, and excellent lipid droplets‐specific testing ability. Interestingly, this red‐emitting material can effectively produce reactive oxygen species (ROS) under white light irradiation, further achieving PDT‐mediated killing of cancer cells. In conclusion, this study demonstrates a simple approach to synthesize NIR AIE probes with both imaging and therapeutic effects, providing an ideal architecture for constructing long‐wavelength emission AIE materials.
Exploring eco‐innovation capability and operational performance of energy service companies: Does ownership structure make a difference?
Authors: Munodawafa Russell Tatenda , Johl Satirenjit Kaur
Published: September 2024

Eco‐innovation capability's enhancement of the operational competitiveness of Energy Service Companies (ESCOs) remains under explored in emerging markets. Furthermore, limited evidence exists on the influence of ownership structure on eco‐innovation capability and operational performance. This study therefore examines the relationship between eco‐innovation capability, ownership structure and operational performance of ESCOs. Questionnaires are electronically distributed to Operations Managers of 287 ESCOs registered by the Energy Commission in Malaysia. To test the direct and moderating effects, Partial Least Square‐Structural Equation Modeling (PLS‐SEM) is applied on 136 valid responses. Results suggest Eco‐innovation Capability significantly enhances ESCOs operational performance, with the model explaining 66% (R2 = 0.656) of the variance. Furthermore, a concentrated ownership structure resulted in higher eco‐innovation capability and operational performance. These results provide pathways for industry practitioners to improve sustainable development contributions and operational performance whilst providing policymakers with a benchmark towards evaluating the effectiveness of the National Energy Policy.
Which social determinants of health have the highest impact in community oncology to advance patient care equity and improve health outcomes? A scoping review
Authors: Majercak Kayleigh R. , Gorman Emily F. , Robert Nicholas J. , Palmer Barbara , Antwi Henry Asante , Mullins C. Daniel
Published: September 2024

Introduction

To better understand the SDOH‐health equity landscape within a community oncology setting to answer the research question, “Which SDOH can have the highest impact in community oncology to advance patient care equity and improve health outcomes?”

Methods

Arksey and O'Malley's scoping review framework was used to identify evidence related to SDOH and health equity in community oncology. The study was guided by the “10‐Step Framework for Continuous Patient Engagement” and a Community Advisory Board to assure relevance to patients and community providers. Literature was retrieved from literary databases and oncology organizations' websites. Eligible studies included discussion of SDOH and health equity as outlined by the World Health Organization and Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, respectively, and involved community oncology/cancer care in outpatient settings. Studies were excluded if the SDOH‐health equity relationship was not discussed.

Results

The review resulted in 61 exploratory and 17 confirmatory “intervention” studies addressing the impact of SDOH on health equity in community oncology settings. The most frequently SDOH‐health equity pairs identified were the SDOH categories, social inclusion and non‐discrimination, income and social protection, and structural conflict, all paired with the health equity category, access to care/treatment. Confirmatory studies focused on income and social protection (SDOH) and access to care/treatment (health equity); the SDOH categories, social inclusion and non‐discrimination and health/general literacy–patient, paired with the health equity category, and adherence/compliance.

Conclusions

Literature highlights the SDOH and health equity relationship within the realm of oncology. Most studies on SDOH/health inequities in the community oncology setting are exploratory. There is the need to shift from documentation of cancer inequities to implementing solutions.
Impact of thoracic radiotherapy on first‐line treatment outcomes in ES‐SCLC patients
Authors: Mu Xiaoli , Zhou Yixin , Liu Qing , Wang Jiantao , Xu Feng , Luo Feng , Wang Ke , Li Lu , Tian Panwen , Li Yalun , Liu Jiewei , Zhang Yan , Liu Jiyan , Li Yan
Published: September 2024

Background

The therapeutic advantage of thoracic radiotherapy (tRT) as an adjunct to first‐line immunotherapy and chemotherapy in patients with extensive‐stage small cell lung cancer (ES‐SCLC) remains unclear. We sought to elucidate this in a retrospective cohort study comparing the effectiveness and safety of tRT in combination with first‐line immunotherapy and chemotherapy.

Methods

Our retrospective study included patients with ES‐SCLC, treated at the West China Hospital between January 2019 and December 2022. They received first‐line immunotherapy and chemotherapy and were categorized into two cohorts based on the administration of tRT. The primary outcomes were overall survival (OS) and progression‐free survival (PFS). Cox regression analysis was utilized to identify potential independent predictors of prognosis and to compare the treatment outcomes across various patient subgroups. Treatment‐related toxicities across both cohorts were compared using the Chi‐squared test.

Results

A total of 99patients were eligible for the study, out of which 55 received tRT. The medianduration of follow‐up was 39 months. Remarkably, patients who received tRTdemonstrated superior OS and PFS in comparison to those who did not (P < 0.05). Subgroup analysis further confirmed these findings. Multivariate analysisidentified treatment group and liver metastasis as independent prognosticfactors (P < 0.05). The incidence of grade 3‐4 adverse events showed nostatistically significant difference between the two cohorts.

Conclusions

Thus, weconfirmed that the addition of tRT to the conventional regimen of first‐linechemotherapy and immunotherapy yields better survival outcomes without asignificant increase in toxicity.
Temperament in Early Childhood Is Associated With Gut Microbiota Composition and Diversity
Authors: Ueda Eriko , Matsunaga Michiko , Fujihara Hideaki , Kajiwara Takamasa , Takeda Aya K. , Watanabe Satoshi , Hagihara Keisuke , Myowa Masako
Published: September 2024

Temperament is a key predictor of human mental health and cognitive and emotional development. Although human fear behavior is reportedly associated with gut microbiome in infancy, infant gut microbiota changes dramatically during the first 5 years, when the diversity and composition of gut microbiome are established. This period is crucial for the development of the prefrontal cortex, which is involved in emotion regulation. Therefore, this study investigated the relationship between temperament and gut microbiota in 284 preschool children aged 3–4 years. Child temperament was assessed by maternal reports of the Children's Behavior Questionnaire. Gut microbiota (alpha/beta diversity and genera abundance) was evaluated using 16S rRNA sequencing of stool samples. A low abundance of anti‐inflammatory bacteria (e.g., Faecalibacterium) and a high abundance of pro‐inflammatory bacteria (e.g., Eggerthella, Flavonifractor) were associated with higher negative emotionality and stress response (i.e., negative affectivity, β = −0.17, p = 0.004) and lower positive emotionality and reward‐seeking (i.e., surgency/extraversion, β = 0.15, p = 0.013). Additionally, gut microbiota diversity was associated with speed of response initiation (i.e., impulsivity, a specific aspect of surgency/extraversion, β = 0.16, p = 0.008). This study provides insight into the biological mechanisms of temperament and takes important steps toward identifying predictive markers of psychological/emotional risk.
One becomes three: An integrative morphological and molecular analysis of the windowpane oyster Placuna (Bivalvia: Pectinida) reveals new species
Authors: Lin Yi‐Tao , Li Yi‐Xuan , Loke Hai‐Xin , Han Xiao , Qiu Jian‐Wen
Published: September 2024

For decades, many marine animals have been considered to exhibit cosmopolitan or transoceanic distribution. This situation is prevalent in Asia, where many species were collected and named by American or European experts in the 1700s to early 1900s. Using the windowpane oysters Placuna—a small genus of bivalves with five recognized species—we show that careful analysis is required to reassess the validity of these species. Currently, only two species of Placuna (P. placenta and P. ephippium) widely reported in the Indo‐Pacific region have been recorded from Chinese coastal waters. Here, we described two new species of Placuna from China. Placuna vitream sp. nov. can be distinguished from P. placenta by its larger ridge angle. Phylogenetic analysis using five gene fragments fully supported that P. vitream sp. nov. is a sister to the specimen from Singapore identified as P. placenta and more distant from other Placuna species with available molecular data. Besides, based on subfossil shells, we describe Placuna aestuaria sp. nov. that differs from its congeneric species by its broad hinge, medium ridge angle, and nearly straight ridges. Finally, we suggest a combination of hinge structure and ridge angle that can be used for identifying Placuna species and preparing a key to this genus. Our findings of two new species expand the diversity of Placuna and prompt reassessment of the many presumably widely distributed marine species in Asia.
Benefits of extended colostrum feeding in dairy calves and how to implement it on farm
Authors: Denholm Katie
Published: September 2024

Background: Excellent colostrum management in dairy calves is paramount to their future health and productivity. Feeding colostrum in an extended manner is an emerging research area of interest which could provide health benefits to growing calves.

Aim of the article: This article explains the potential benefits of extended colostrum (or transition milk feeding) to dairy calves and how to practically implement it on farm.
The developmental trajectory of prosocial behavior in economically disadvantaged children: General tendencies and heterogeneity
Authors: Hu Yiqiu , Zhao Xian , Li Zhihua
Published: September 2024

Introduction

This study explored the general tendencies and heterogeneous developmental trajectory of prosocial behavior and predictors.

Method

The present study conducted latent growth model and growth mixture model analyses in a sample of 814 students (Mage = 13.79 years old at baseline; 57% girls) from economically disadvantaged families, classified as being below the local income threshold in China, with four follow‐up surveys administered during the following 2 years.

Results

The general tendency in the developmental trajectory of prosocial behavior showed a linear decrease. A gender difference in initial levels was observed, with girls showing a higher initial level of prosocial behavior than boys. Family functioning, subjective support, and support utilization significantly affected the intercept, but objective support significantly negatively affected the slope. Heterogeneity in the development of prosocial behavior was best classified with a 3‐class solution, including C1 (Rapid–decrease, 10.6%), C2 (Medium–stable, 42.5%), and C3 (High–increase, 46.9%). The patterns of prosocial behavior development in economically disadvantaged children with higher family functioning were more likely to be in the High‐increase Class than in the Rapid‐decrease Class.

Conclusion

The present study revealed an average decline in the trajectories of prosocial behavior development in economically disadvantaged children. However, it also captured heterogeneous developmental trajectories. Furthermore, the study revealed that family functioning, subjective support, and support utilization all served as protective factors for prosocial behavior among economically disadvantaged children.
Collagen binding and mimetic peptide‐functionalized self‐assembled peptide hydrogel enhance chondrogenic differentiation of human mesenchymal stem cells
Authors: Pulat Günnur , Gökmen Oğuzhan , Özcan Şerife , Karaman Ozan
Published: September 2024

The avascular structure and low cell migration to the damaged area due to the low number of cells do not allow spontaneous repair of the articular cartilage tissue. Therefore, functional scaffolds obtained from biomaterials are used for the regeneration of cartilage tissue. Here, we functionalized one of the self‐assembling peptide (SAP) scaffolds KLD (KLDLKLDLKLDL) with short bioactive motifs, which are the α1 chain of type II collagen binding peptide WYRGRL (C1) and the triple helical collagen mimetic peptide GFOGER (C2) by direct coupling. Our goal was to develop injectable functional SAP hydrogels with proper mechanical characteristics that would improve chondrogenesis. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used to observe the integration of peptide scaffold structure at the molecular level. To assure the stability of SAPs, the rheological characteristics and degradation profile of SAP hydrogels were assessed. The biochemical study of the DNA, glycosaminoglycan (GAG), and collagen content revealed that the developed bioactive SAP hydrogels greatly increased hMSCs proliferation compared with KLD scaffolds. Moreover, the addition of bioactive peptides to KLD dramatically increased the expression levels of important chondrogenic markers such as aggrecan, SOX‐9, and collagen Type II as evaluated by real‐time polymerase chain reaction (PCR). We showed that hMSC proliferation and chondrogenic differentiation were encouraged by the developed SAP scaffolds. Although the chondrogenic potentials of WYRGRL and GFOGER were previously investigated, no study compares the effect of the two peptides integrated into 3‐D SAP hydrogels in chondrogenic differentiation. Our findings imply that these specifically created bioactive peptide scaffolds might help enhance cartilage tissue regeneration.
Fabrication of anodic and atomic layer deposition‐alumina coated titanium implants for effective osteointegration applications
Authors: Erturk Pinar Alpaslan , Altuntas Sevde , Irmak Gulseren , Buyukserin Fatih
Published: September 2024

Biomimicking the chemical, mechanical, and topographical properties of bone on an implant model is crucial to obtain rapid and effective osteointegration, especially for the large‐area fractures of the skeletal system. Titanium‐based biomaterials are more frequently preferred in clinical use in such cases and coating these materials with oxide layers having chemical/nanotopographic properties to enhance osteointegration and implantation success rates has been studied for a long time. The objective of this study is to examine the high and rapid mineralization potential of anodized aluminum oxide (AAO) coated and atomic layer deposition (ALD)‐alumina coated titanium substrates on large deformation areas with difficult spontaneous healing. AAO‐coated titanium (AAO@Ti) substrates were fabricated via anodization technique in different electrolytes and their osteogenic potential was analyzed by comparing them to the bare titanium surface as a control. In order to investigate the effect of the ionic characters gained by the surfaces through anodization, the oxidized nanotopographic substrates were additionally coated with an ultrathin alumina layer via ALD (ALD@AAO@Ti), which is a sensitive and conformal coating vapor deposition technique. Besides, a bare titanium sample was also coated with pure alumina by ALD (ALD@Ti) to investigate the effect of nanoscale surface morphology. XPS analysis after ALD coating showed that the ionic character of each surface fabricated by anodization was successfully suppressed. In vitro studies demonstrated that, among the substrates investigated, the mineralization capacity of MG‐63 osteosarcoma cells were highest when incubated on ALD‐treated and bare AAO@Ti samples that were anodized in phosphoric acid (H3PO4_AAO@Ti and ALD@H3PO4_AAO@Ti). Mineralization on these substrates also increased consistently beginning from day 2 to day 21. Moreover, immunocytochemistry for osteopontin (OPN) demonstrated the highest expression for ALD@H3PO4_AAO@Ti, followed by the H3PO4_AAO@Ti sample. Consequently, it was observed that, although ALD treatment improves cellular characteristics on all samples, effective mineralization requires more than a simple ALD coating or the presence of a nanostructured topography. Overall, ALD@H3PO4_AAO@Ti substrates can be considered as an implant alternative with its enhanced osteogenic differentiation potential and rapid mineralization capacity.
Critical role of apoptosis in MeCP2‐mediated epithelial–mesenchymal transition of ARPE‐19 cells
Authors: Zhang Yongya , Wu Fei , Guo Sibei , Yin Ruijie , Yuan Min , Li Xue , Zhao Xueru , Li Xiaohua
Published: September 2024

Proliferative vitreoretinopathy (PVR) is a complex disease that significantly contributes to recurrent retinal detachment. Its development is notably affected by epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT), where apoptosis plays a crucial role as a regulator of EMT. However, the function of MeCP2 in governing apoptosis and EMT in retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cells and its implications for PVR development have remained inadequately understood. Thus, we investigated the impact of MeCP2 on proliferation, migration, apoptosis and EMT in ARPE‐19 cells to provide a fresh perspective on the etiology of PVR. The morphological changes in ARPE‐19 cells induced by recombinant human MeCP2 protein and MeCP2 knockdown were observed. Wound healing assay were performed to verify the effects of recombinant human MeCP2 protein and MeCP2 knockdown on ARPE‐19 cell migration. Furthermore, cell proliferation was assessed using the CCK‐8 assay and flow cytometry. Western blot analysis, quantitative reverse transcriptase‐polymerase chain reaction (qRT‐PCR), and immunofluorescence analysis were conducted to measure the protein levels associated with apoptosis, cell cycle and EMT. Western blot analysis and immunofluorescence assays confirmed that MeCP2 promoted EMT formation in ARPE‐19 cells. The CCK‐8 assay revealed that MeCP2 treatment enhanced the proliferation of ARPE‐19 cells, whereas MeCP2 knockdown inhibited ARPE‐19 cell proliferation. Treatment with recombinant human MeCP2 protein and MeCP2 knockdown altered the morphology of ARPE‐19 cells. Wound healing assay demonstrated that MeCP2 knockdown inhibited ARPE‐19 cell migration, and MeCP2 treatment promoted ARPE‐19 cell migration. MeCP2 knockdown induced a G0/G1 phase block, inhibiting cell growth, and qRT‐PCR data indicated reduced expression of cell cycle‐related genes. Increased apoptosis was observed after MeCP2 knockdown in ARPE‐19 cells. Overall, MeCP2 treatment stimulates cell proliferation, migration and EMT formation; conversely, MeCP2 knockdown inhibits EMT, cell proliferation, migration and cell cycle G1/S phase transition, and induces apoptosis.
Algorithmic management in the gig economy: A systematic review and research integration
Authors: Kadolkar Imran , Kepes Sven , Subramony Mahesh
Published: September 2024

Rapid growth in the gig economy has been facilitated by the increased use of algorithmic management (AM) in online platforms (OPs) coordinating gig work. There has been a concomitant increase in scholarship related to AM across scientific domains (e.g., computer science, engineering, operations management, management, sociology, and law). However, this literature is fragmented with scholars disagreeing on the conceptualization and measurement of AM, as well as a lack of consensus on the dimensions of AM influencing various gig worker‐related outcomes, the mechanisms through which these influences are exerted, and the relevant boundary conditions. To address these issues, we systematically reviewed the academic literature across scientific disciplines related to the AM of gig workers using natural language processing (NLP)‐based topic modeling. Our analysis yielded 12 topics, which we integrate using an input‐process‐output (IPO) framework to illustrate differing effects of AM on worker‐related outcomes. Based on our findings, we provide a comprehensive definition of AM, including its key dimensions, and highlight main mediating pathways through which the individual dimensions of AM impact various gig worker‐related outcomes. Finally, we provide a roadmap for future research on AM in the gig economy (GE) using an organizational behavior lens.
Radiation Dynamics and Manipulation of Extreme Terahertz Surface Wave on a Metal Wire
Authors: Wang Jianshuo , Zhang Zhijun , Zhou Shiyi , Qin Zhiyong , Yu Changhai , Cao Yuteng , Lv Yan , Chen Jiaming , Huang Huali , Liu Weiwei , Liu Jiansheng
Published: September 2024

Recent reports on sub‐terahertz (THz) generation from a laser‐irradiated wire might have evaded the most essential contents of the wire radiation dynamics. Here, the origin of terahertz generation from a metal wire is revisited and a comprehensive diagnosis of the terahertz radiation from a 100 µm‐diameter tungsten wire irradiated by an intense femtosecond laser is implemented. For the first time, the long‐neglected but more efficient high‐frequency terahertz radiation is experimentally observed of which the spectra, polarization, tunability, and wire‐length‐dependent intensification are investigated comprehensively. A new picture of the wire radiation dynamics is presented to reveal the origin of the extreme terahertz surface wave, its evolution, and radiation mechanism. This extremely intense and ultrashort half‐cycle surface wave is spontaneously induced by a laser‐driven transient charge‐separation field and evolves into a multi‐cycle surface wakefield structure as it propagates along the wire owing to the self‐interaction between the surface wave and its carrier, the surface current. By manipulating the coupling and transport dynamics of the surface wave on the wire, tunable and intensified THz radiation covering a wide range from 0.1 to 20 THz has been realized, paving the way for broad applications such as terahertz acceleration, bio‐medicine, nonlinear THz science and beyond.
VA, Ad Council PSA urges vets to lean on loved ones, seek help
Authors: Canady Valerie A.
Published: September 2024

Declaring that “seeking help is an act of bravery,” both the Veterans Administration (VA) and the Ad Council are continuing their ongoing partnership to help veterans who are struggling. In observance of September as Suicide Prevention Month, both organizations have launched new public service advertisements (PSAs) for their national campaign, “Don't Wait. Reach Out.”
‘We are expected to be problem solvers’—Paramedics' performance expectations through the lens of organizational socialization: An interview study
Authors: Ericsson Christoffer R. , Rudman Ann , Lindström Veronica , Nordquist Hilla
Published: September 2024

Aim

To explore Finnish paramedics' perceptions of work‐related performance expectations in relation to work experience, and understand how organizational socialization contributes to understanding paramedics' performance expectations.

Design

A qualitative design with a deductive‐inductive approach utilizing a social constructivist framework. The organizational socialization framework by Wanberg was used as the theoretical basis.

Methods

Data were collected between May and August 2023, using group and individual interviews of newly graduated (n = 9) and experienced paramedics (n = 13). Participants were recruited via social media channels. Data were first analyzed deductively, according to constructs of the organizational socialization framework (role clarity, task mastery, and social acceptance), then inductively, using codes not utilized in the deductive phase.

Data Sources

Interviewed Finnish paramedics (N = 22), both newly graduated paramedics (n = 9) and experienced paramedics (n = 13). The interviews were performed remotely and then transcribed into text.

Results

Our findings showed comparable performance expectations between newly graduated and experienced paramedics, mismatches in role clarity of paramedic work, challenges in both learning and upholding professional competence, and difficulties of social acceptance into the paramedic community. There were variations in how expectations were perceived between groups, indicating that experience might partly affect how paramedics identify and manage performance expectations. The organizational socialization framework enables the contextualization of these performance expectations.

Conclusions and Implications

Paramedic work involves challenges to upholding clinical competence, aligning to a professional role, and social integration into the professional community. Our research contributes to understanding how paramedics perceive these challenges as performance expectations in different stages of their careers and how they could be managed utilizing a framework for organizational socialization. The socialization of paramedics into the workforce needs to account for these performance expectations, especially considering the changing paradigm of paramedic work, role, and societal expectations.

Patient or Public Contribution

No Patient or Public Contribution.