bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Geometry of Large Tundra Lakes Observed in Historical Maps and Satellite Images
Authors: Sudakov Ivan , Essa Almabrok , Mander Luke , Gong Ming , Kariyawasam Tharanga
Published: October 2017

The climate of the Arctic is warming rapidly and this is causing major changes to the cycling of carbon and the distribution of permafrost in this region. Tundra lakes are key components of the Arctic climate system because they represent a source of methane to the atmosphere. In this paper, we aim to analyze the geometry of the patterns formed by large (> 0.8 km 2 ) tundra lakes in the Russian High Arctic. We have studied images of tundra lakes in historical maps from the State Hydrological Institute, Russia (date 1977; scale 0.21166 km/pixel) and in Landsat satellite images derived from the Google Earth Engine (G.E.E.; date 2016; scale 0.1503 km/pixel). The G.E.E. is a cloud-based platform for planetary-scale geospatial analysis on over four decades of Landsat data. We developed an image-processing algorithm to segment these maps and images, measure the area and perimeter of each lake, and compute the fractal dimension of the lakes in the images we have studied. Our results indicate that as lake size increases, their fractal dimension bifurcates. For lakes observed in historical maps, this bifurcation occurs among lakes larger than 100 km 2 (fractal dimension 1.43 to 1.87 ). For lakes observed in satellite images this bifurcation occurs among lakes larger than ∼100 km 2 (fractal dimension 1.31 to 1.95 ). Tundra lakes with a fractal dimension close to 2 have a tendency to be self-similar with respect to their area–perimeter relationships. Area–perimeter measurements indicate that lakes with a length scale greater than 70 km 2 are power-law distributed. Preliminary analysis of changes in lake size over time in paired lakes (lakes that were visually matched in both the historical map and the satellite imagery) indicate that some lakes in our study region have increased in size over time, whereas others have decreased in size over time. Lake size change during this 39-year time interval can be up to half the size of the lake as recorded in the historical map.
Using Satellite Data for the Characterization of Local Animal Reservoir Populations of Hantaan Virus on the Weihe Plain, China
Authors: Yu Pengbo , Li Yidan , Xu Bo , Wei Jing , Li Shen , Dong Jianhua , Qu Jianhui , Xu Jing , Huang Zheng , Ma Chaofeng , Yang Jing , Zhang Guogang , Chen Bin , Huang Shanqian , Shi Chunming , Gao Hongwei , Liu Feng , Tian Huaiyu , Stenseth Nils , Xu Bing , Wang Jingjun
Published: October 2017

Striped field mice (Apodemus agrarius) are the main host for the Hantaan virus (HTNV), the cause of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS) in central China. It has been shown that host population density is associated with pathogen dynamics and disease risk. Thus, a higher population density of A. agrarius in an area might indicate a higher risk for an HFRS outbreak. Here, we surveyed the A. agrarius population density between 2005 and 2012 on the Weihe Plain, Shaanxi Province, China, and used this monitoring data to examine the relationships between the dynamics of A. agrarius populations and environmental conditions of crop-land, represented by remote sensing based indicators. These included the normalized difference vegetation index, leaf area index, fraction of photosynthetically active radiation absorbed by vegetation, net photosynthesis (PsnNet), gross primary productivity, and land surface temperature. Structural equation modeling (SEM) was applied to detect the possible causal relationship between PsnNet, A. agrarius population density and HFRS risk. The results showed that A. agrarius was the most frequently captured species with a capture rate of 0.9 individuals per hundred trap-nights, during 96 months of trapping in the study area. The risk of HFRS was highly associated with the abundance of A. agrarius, with a 1–5-month lag. The breeding season of A. agrarius was also found to coincide with agricultural activity and seasons with high PsnNet. The SEM indicated that PsnNet had an indirect positive effect on HFRS incidence via rodents. In conclusion, the remote sensing-based environmental indicator, PsnNet, was highly correlated with HTNV reservoir population dynamics with a 3-month lag (r = 0.46, p < 0.01), and may serve as a predictor of potential HFRS outbreaks.
Transfer-Efficient Face Routing Using the Planar Graphs of Neighbors in High Density WSNs
Authors: Cho Eun-Seok , Yim Yongbin , Kim Sang-Ha
Published: October 2017

Face routing has been adopted in wireless sensor networks (WSNs) where topological changes occur frequently or maintaining full network information is difficult. For message forwarding in networks, a planar graph is used to prevent looping, and because long edges are removed by planarization and the resulting planar graph is composed of short edges, and messages are forwarded along multiple nodes connected by them even though they can be forwarded directly. To solve this, face routing using information on all nodes within 2-hop range was adopted to forward messages directly to the farthest node within radio range. However, as the density of the nodes increases, network performance plunges because message transfer nodes receive and process increased node information. To deal with this problem, we propose a new face routing using the planar graphs of neighboring nodes to improve transfer efficiency. It forwards a message directly to the farthest neighbor and reduces loads and processing time by distributing network graph construction and planarization to the neighbors. It also decreases the amount of location information to be transmitted by sending information on the planar graph nodes rather than on all neighboring nodes. Simulation results show that it significantly improves transfer efficiency.
Separation and Analysis of Adherent and Non-Adherent Cancer Cells Using a Single-Cell Microarray Chip
Authors: Yamamura Shohei , Yamada Eriko , Kimura Fukiko , Miyajima Kumiko , Shigeto Hajime
Published: October 2017

A new single-cell microarray chip was designed and developed to separate and analyze single adherent and non-adherent cancer cells. The single-cell microarray chip is made of polystyrene with over 60,000 microchambers of 10 different size patterns (31–40 µm upper diameter, 11–20 µm lower diameter). A drop of suspension of adherent carcinoma (NCI-H1650) and non-adherent leukocyte (CCRF-CEM) cells was placed onto the chip, and single-cell occupancy of NCI-H1650 and CCRF-CEM was determined to be 79% and 84%, respectively. This was achieved by controlling the chip design and surface treatment. Analysis of protein expression in single NCI-H1650 and CCRF-CEM cells was performed on the single-cell microarray chip by multi-antibody staining. Additionally, with this system, we retrieved positive single cells from the microchambers by a micromanipulator. Thus, this system demonstrates the potential for easy and accurate separation and analysis of various types of single cells.
A High-Temperature MEMS Surface Fence for Wall-Shear-Stress Measurement in Scramjet Flow
Authors: Ma Chengyu , Ma Binghe , Deng Jinjun , Yuan Weizheng , Zhou Zitong , Zhang Han
Published: October 2017

A new variant of MEMS surface fence is proposed for shear-stress estimation under high-speed, high-temperature flow conditions. Investigation of high-temperature resistance including heat-resistant mechanism and process, in conjunction with high-temperature packaging design, enable the sensor to be used in environment up to 400 °C. The packaged sensor is calibrated over a range of ~65 Pa and then used to examine the development of the transient flow of the scramjet ignition process (Mach 2 airflow, stagnation pressure, and a temperature of 0.8 MPa and 950 K, respectively). The results show that the sensor is able to detect the transient flow conditions of the scramjet ignition process including shock impact, flow correction, steady state, and hydrogen off.
Optical Methods in Fingerprint Imaging for Medical and Personality Applications
Authors: Wang Chia-Nan , Wang Jing-Wein , Lin Ming-Hsun , Chang Yao-Lang , Kuo Chia-Ming
Published: October 2017

Over the years, analysis and induction of personality traits has been a topic for individual subjective conjecture or speculation, rather than a focus of inductive scientific analysis. This study proposes a novel framework for analysis and induction of personality traits. First, 14 personality constructs based on the “Big Five” personality factors were developed. Next, a new fingerprint image algorithm was used for classification, and the fingerprints were classified into eight types. The relationship between personality traits and fingerprint type was derived from the results of the questionnaire survey. After comparison of pre-test and post-test results, this study determined the induction ability of personality traits from fingerprint type. Experimental results showed that the left/right thumbprint type of a majority of subjects was left loop/right loop and that the personalities of individuals with this fingerprint type were moderate with no significant differences in the 14 personality constructs.
The SAR Payload Design and Performance for the GF-3 Mission
Authors: Sun Jili , Yu Weidong , Deng Yunkai
Published: October 2017

This paper describes the C-band multi-polarization Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) sensor for the Gaofen-3 (GF-3) mission. Based on the requirement analysis, the design of working modes and SAR payload are given. An accurate antenna model is introduced for the pattern optimization and SAR performance calculation. The paper concludes with an overview of predicted performance which was verified by in-orbit tests.
Optimizing Green Computing Awareness for Environmental Sustainability and Economic Security as a Stochastic Optimization Problem
Authors: Okewu Emmanuel , Misra Sanjay , Maskeliūnas Rytis , Damaševičius Robertas , Fernandez-Sanz Luis
Published: October 2017

The role of automation in sustainable development is not in doubt. Computerization in particular has permeated every facet of human endeavour, enhancing the provision of information for decision-making that reduces cost of operation, promotes productivity and socioeconomic prosperity and cohesion. Hence, a new field called information and communication technology for development (ICT4D) has emerged. Nonetheless, the need to ensure environmentally friendly computing has led to this research study with particular focus on green computing in Africa. This is against the backdrop that the continent is feared to suffer most from the vulnerability of climate change and the impact of environmental risk. Using Nigeria as a test case, this paper gauges the green computing awareness level of Africans via sample survey. It also attempts to institutionalize green computing maturity model with a view to optimizing the level of citizens awareness amid inherent uncertainties like low bandwidth, poor network and erratic power in an emerging African market. Consequently, we classified the problem as a stochastic optimization problem and applied metaheuristic search algorithm to determine the best sensitization strategy. Although there are alternative ways of promoting green computing education, the metaheuristic search we conducted indicated that an online real-time solution that not only drives but preserves timely conversations on electronic waste (e-waste) management and energy saving techniques among the citizenry is cutting edge. The authors therefore reviewed literature, gathered requirements, modelled the proposed solution using Universal Modelling Language (UML) and developed a prototype. The proposed solution is a web-based multi-tier e-Green computing system that educates computer users on innovative techniques of managing computers and accessories in an environmentally friendly way. We found out that such a real-time web-based interactive forum does not only stimulate the interest of the common man in environment-related issues, but also raises awareness about the impact his computer-related activities have on mother earth. This way, he willingly becomes part of the solution to environment degradation in his circle of influence.
Is Strategic Proactivity a Driver of an Environmental Strategy? Effects of Innovation and Internationalization Leadership
Authors: Suarez-Perales Ines , Garces-Ayerbe Concepción , Rivera-Torres Pilar , Suarez-Galvez Cristina
Published: October 2017

This study analyses strategic proactivity as a driving factor in the implementation of an advanced environmental strategy in a firm. Strategic proactivity is defined as a firm’s tendency to initiate voluntary changes instead of reacting to events in the environment and according to previous literature, can be interpreted as a combination of internal factors that characterise a firm’s business strategy as that of a prospector firm. In this study, we measured this through innovation, with two variables related to the firm’s entire production cycle: R&D expenditure and patents. However, we also considered two more strategic proactivity indicators: innovation proactivity and internationalisation proactivity. These two proactivity variables take into account the innovative and international actions of the firms, going beyond the actions usually taken by firms in the same sector. Using panel data methodology, we obtained results that show that firms who invest in R&D and patent their innovations achieve more advanced positions in their environmental strategies. Empirical evidence also shows that firms with a greater innovation effort throughout the production cycle (product, process, organisation and marketing) than their competitors also attain more advanced positions (proactivity) in environmental matters. In other words, innovation proactivity is a driver of environmental strategy. In relation to internationalization, the results also showed that firms that operate in a larger geographical area than their competitors adapt to the most demanding environmental legislation, placing them in a position of environmental leadership in their respective sectors. The inclusion of internationalization as an indicator of strategic proactivity, the measurement of proactivity variables and the correction of firms’ specific unobserved aspects are some of this paper’s contributions.
Exploring Environmental Inequity in South Korea: An Analysis of the Distribution of Toxic Release Inventory (TRI) Facilities and Toxic Releases
Authors: Yoon D. , Kang Jung , Park Juhyeon
Published: October 2017

Recently, location data regarding the Toxic Release Inventory (TRI) in South Korea was released to the public. This study investigated the spatial patterns of TRIs and releases of toxic substances in all 230 local governments in South Korea to determine whether spatial clusters relevant to the siting of noxious facilities occur. In addition, we employed spatial regression modeling to determine whether the number of TRI facilities and the volume of toxic releases in a given community were correlated with the community’s socioeconomic, racial, political, and land use characteristics. We found that the TRI facilities and their toxic releases were disproportionately distributed with clustered spatial patterning. Spatial regression modeling indicated that jurisdictions with smaller percentages of minorities, stronger political activity, less industrial land use, and more commercial land use had smaller numbers of toxic releases, as well as smaller numbers of TRI facilities. However, the economic status of the community did not affect the siting of hazardous facilities. These results indicate that the siting of TRI facilities in Korea is more affected by sociopolitical factors than by economic status. Racial issues are thus crucial for consideration in environmental justice as the population of Korea becomes more racially and ethnically diverse.
Coordination of Cooperative Knowledge Creation for Agricultural Technology Diffusion in China’s “Company Plus Farmers” Organizations
Authors: Yu Dengke , Zhou Rong
Published: October 2017

Cooperative knowledge creation is important for the promotion of agricultural technology diffusion in “company plus farmers” alliance organizations in China. A coordination mechanism is necessary to improve cooperative knowledge creation. A game model was developed to explain the mechanism. The model’s equilibrium was analyzed in noncoordination and coordination scenarios. Eight propositions and two corollaries were proposed and then verified by numeric analysis. We found that (1) the coordination of cooperative knowledge creation is valuable for increasing profit in agricultural technology diffusion; (2) companies and farmers are playing a game, and subsidy coefficients and degree of effort mainly influence their decisions; (3) key factors in the game are success probability and profit sharing proportion that influence the profits of a company and the farmers; (4) discount factors also influence profits, but do not influence the total profit in the coordination scenario; and (5) enhancing success probability, choosing a proper profit sharing proportion, and improving other parameters would be beneficial to the development of knowledge creation, as well as agricultural knowledge diffusion. This research provides a novel illustration of the coordination mechanism for cooperative knowledge creation for increasing the efficiency of agricultural technology diffusion in the future.
Demystifying the Barriers to Transport Infrastructure Project Development in Fast Developing Regions: The Case of China
Authors: Nie Tianyi , Ye Kunhui
Published: October 2017

Transport infrastructure (TI) has become one of the primary drivers for sustainable economic growth and social progress. However, a wider take-up is currently inhibited in fast developing regions (FDRs) by many barriers, which have not been explored explicitly in previous studies. In this study, a three-dimensional framework (i.e., macro environment, local environment, and the construction process) is proposed to structure the barriers in a reasonable way. Professionals’ opinions on the importance of the barriers are collected through questionnaire survey. The survey results were analyzed by the ranking analysis technique. It is found that the top five barriers are “difficulty in survey and design during the construction process”, “weak support from economy”, “insufficient funding”, “harsh regional climate”, and “cost overrun”. Further analysis, based on a factor analysis, indicates that these critical barriers could be grouped into three clusters: “administration on transport infrastructure”, “construction technology and cost management”, and “geographical and economic conditions”. The research findings demonstrate the usefulness of the proposed framework, and the implication is that a barriers-based checklist favors stakeholders to improve the efficiency and sustainability of TI development in FDRs. Although the study is situated in China, it sheds light on the subject in other developing countries.
Land-Surface Characteristics and Climate in West Africa: Models’ Biases and Impacts of Historical Anthropogenically-Induced Deforestation
Authors: Sy Souleymane , Noblet-Ducoudré Nathalie , Quesada Benjamin , Sy Ibrahima , Dieye Amadou , Gaye Amadou , Sultan Benjamin
Published: October 2017

Land Use Land-Cover Change (LULCC), such as deforestation, affects the climate system and land-atmosphere interactions. Using simulations carried out within the LUCID (Land Use and Climate, IDentification of robust Impacts) project framework, we first quantify the role of historical land-cover change induced by human activities on surface climate in West Africa. Focusing on two contrasted African regions, we find that climate responses of land-use changes are small but they are still statistically significant. In Western Sahel, a statistically significant near-surface atmospheric cooling and a decrease in water recycling are simulated in summer in response to LULCC. Over the Guinean zone, models simulate a significant decrease in precipitation and water recycling in autumn in response to LULCC. This signal is comparable in magnitude with the effect induced by the increase in greenhouse gases. Simulated climate changes due to historical LULCC could however be underestimated because: (i) the prescribed LULCC can be underestimated in those regions; (ii) the climate models underestimate the coupling strength between West African surface climate and leaf area index (LAI) and (iii) the lack of interactive LAI in some models. Finally, our study reveals indirect atmospheric processes triggered by LULCC. Over the Western Sahel, models reveal that a significant decrease in solar reflection tend to cool down the surface and thus counteract the atmospheric feedback. Conversely, over the Guinea zone, models reveal that the indirect atmospheric processes and turbulent heat fluxes dominate the climatic responses over the direct effects of LULCC.
A Method for Fuzzy Soft Sets in Decision-Making Based on an Ideal Solution
Authors: Liu Zhicai , Qin Keyun , Pei Zheng
Published: October 2017

In this paper, a decision model based on a fuzzy soft set and ideal solution approaches is proposed. This new decision-making method uses the divide-and-conquer algorithm, and it is different from the existing algorithm (the choice value based approach and the comparison score based approach). The ideal solution is generated according to each attribute (pros or cons of the attributes, with or without constraints) of the fuzzy soft sets. Finally, the weighted Hamming distance is used to compute all possible alternatives and get the final result. The core of the decision process is the design phase, the existing decision models based on soft sets mostly neglect the analysis of attributes and decision objectives. This algorithm emphasizes the correct expression of the purpose of the decision maker and the analysis of attributes, as well as the explicit decision function. Additionally, this paper shows the fact that the rank reversal phenomenon occurs in the comparison score algorithm, and an example is provided to illustrate the rank reversal phenomenon. Experiments indicate that the decision model proposed in this paper is efficient and will be useful for practical problems. In addition, as a general model, it can be extended to a wider range of fields, such as classifications, optimization problems, etc.
Chronic Exposure to the Fusarium Mycotoxin Deoxynivalenol: Impact on Performance, Immune Organ, and Intestinal Integrity of Slow-Growing Chickens
Authors: Chen Stephanie , Li Yi-Hung , Lin Mei-Fong
Published: October 2017

This study investigates the long-term effects of deoxynivalenol (DON) consumption on avian growth performance, on the proliferation, apoptosis, and DNA damage of spleen cells, and on intestinal integrity. Two hundred and eight 5-day-old black-feathered Taiwan country chickens were fed diets containing 0, 2, 5, and 10 mg/kg of DON for 16 weeks. Body weight gain of male birds in the 2 mg/kg group was significantly lower than that in the 5 mg/kg group. At the end of trial, feeding DON-contaminated diets of 5 mg/kg resulted in heavier spleens. Moreover, the increase in DON induced cellular proliferation, apoptosis, and DNA damage signals in the spleen, the exception being female birds fed 10 mg/kg of DON showing reduced proliferation. Expression of claudin-5 was increased in jejunum of female birds fed 2 and 5 mg/kg of DON, whereas decreased expression levels were found in male birds. In conclusion, our results verified that DON may cause a disturbance to the immune system and alter the intestinal barrier in Taiwan country chickens, and may also lead to discrepancies in growth performances in a dose- and sex-dependent manner.
Water Quality Considerations on the Rise as the Use of Managed Aquifer Recharge Systems Widens
Authors: Hartog Niels , Stuyfzand Pieter
Published: October 2017

Managed Aquifer Recharge (MAR) is a promising method of increasing water availability in water stressed areas by subsurface infiltration and storage, to overcome periods of drought, and to stabilize or even reverse salinization of coastal aquifers. Moreover, MAR could be a key technique in making alternative water resources available, such as reuse of communal effluents for agriculture, industry and even indirect potable reuse. As exemplified by the papers in this Special Issue, consideration of water quality plays a major role in developing the full potential for MAR application, ranging from the improvement of water quality to operational issues (e.g., well clogging) or sustainability concerns (e.g., infiltration of treated waste water). With the application of MAR expanding into a wider range of conditions, from deserts to urban and coastal areas, and purposes, from large scale strategic storage of desalinated water and the reuse of waste water, the importance of these considerations are on the rise. Addressing these appropriately will contribute to a greater understanding, operational reliability and acceptance of MAR applications, and lead to a range of engineered MAR systems that help increase their effectiveness to help secure the availability of water at the desired quality for the future.
Tourism and Terroir Products From Mountain Summer Farming Landscapes
Authors: Bele Bolette , Sickel Hanne , Norderhaug Ann
Published: October 2017

Mountain tourism depends intensively on the quality of the landscape. In recent years, the Norwegian Trekking Association has focused on local food products at their staffed lodges and it uses the slogan "eat the view." Such a strategy raises the focus on the agricultural use of the
land and the quality of the products. Several Norwegian studies were carried out to investigate the quality of different mountain products and connections with vegetation types and grazing behavior. The results show that milk and meat products from animals grazing on alpine rangelands have
improved quality compared to "normal" products. A healthier fatty acid composition and a higher content of secondary plant metabolites were characteristic of mountain products. Furthermore, grazing is of the utmost importance for the maintenance of open mountain landscapes and the biodiversity
that is dependent on such landscapes. Maintaining traditional grazing systems also secures the preservation of traditional ecological knowledge about utilizing natural resources. Mountain tourism experiences could be improved and enhanced by documenting and telling the unique story of these
complex connections between mountain landscapes, biodiversity, agricultural traditions, and local food products.
Phylogenetic patterns of foliar mineral nutrient accumulation among gypsophiles and their relatives in the Chihuahuan Desert
Authors: Muller Clare T. , Moore Michael J. , Feder Zoë , Tiley Helene , Drenovsky Rebecca E.
Published: October 2017

PREMISE OF THE STUDY:

Gypsum endemism in plants (gypsophily) is common on gypsum outcrops worldwide, but little is known about the functional ecology of Chihuahuan Desert gypsophiles. We investigated whether leaf chemistry of gypsophile lineages from the northern Chihuahuan Desert are similar to leaves of related nonendemic (gypsovag) species relative to their soil chemistry. We expected widely distributed gypsophiles (hypothesized to be older lineages on gypsum) would have distinct leaf chemistry from narrowly distributed, relatively younger lineages endemic to gypsum and gypsovags, reflecting adaptation to gypsum.

METHODS:

We collected leaves from 23 gypsophiles and related nonendemic taxa growing on nongypsum soils. Soils and leaves were analyzed for Ca, S, Mg, K, N, and P. Leaf gypsum was assessed using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy.

KEY RESULTS:

Most widespread gypsophile lineages that are hypothesized to be relatively old accumulate foliar S, Ca, and gypsum, but younger gypsophile lineages and closely related gypsovags do not. Young, narrowly distributed gypsophile lineages have leaf chemical signatures similar to nonendemic congeners and confamilials.

CONCLUSIONS:

Our data suggest multiple adaptive mechanisms support life on gypsum in Chihuahuan Desert gypsophiles. Most widespread gypsophiles are specialized for life on gypsum, likely due to shared abilities to accumulate and assimilate S and Ca in leaves. In contrast, narrowly distributed gypsophiles may have mechanisms to exclude excess S and Ca from their leaves, preventing toxicity. Future work will investigate the nutrient accumulation and exclusion patterns of other plant organs to determine at what level excess S and Ca uptake is restricted for young‐lineage gypsophiles and gypsovags.
New insights into the population biology of endoparasitic Rafflesiaceae
Authors: Twyford Alex D.
Published: October 2017

Parasitic plants demonstrate a diversity of growth strategies, life histories, and developmental and physiological characteristics. Most research to date has focused on a narrow range of parasitic taxa, particularly in the Orobanchaceae, while the other independent origins of parasitism have largely gone unstudied. One type of parasite that has received relatively little attention are the endophytic parasites, which have a fascinating growth strategy where the parasite is embedded within the host tissue, with the flower the only externally visibly plant part. Endophytic growth makes it challenging to understand basic aspects of species biology, such as the size of a given parasite, the number of parasites per host, and the genetic diversity of populations. Recent studies by Barkman et al. (2017) and Pelser et al. (2017) have used microsatellite genotyping to investigate the population biology of endoparasitic Rafflesiaceae species in Asia. They show the potential for extensive parasite spread within a host vine and the strong partitioning of genetic diversity by host. These species are also shown to have an outcrossing mating system. However, these studies suggest different reproductive strategies, one supporting monoecy and one suggesting dioecy. Overall, these studies partly “lift the lid” on the cryptic biology of Rafflesia and the Rafflesiaceae and open the door for future comparative studies between endophytic and free‐living parasitic plants.
Conjugated nitrosoalkenes as Michael acceptors in carbon–carbon bond forming reactions: a review and perspective
Authors: Boyko Yaroslav Dmitrievich , Dorokhov Valentin Sergeevich , Sukhorukov Alexey Yu , Ioffe Sema Leibovich
Published: October 2017

Despite of their chemical instability and high reactivity, conjugated nitrosoalkenes are useful intermediates in target-oriented organic synthesis. The present review deals with carbon–carbon bond forming reactions involving Michael addition to α-nitrosoalkenes with a particular focus on recent developments in this methodology and its use in total synthesis.
Forward Modeling of Large-scale Structure: An Open-source Approach with Halotools
Authors: Hearin Andrew P. , Campbell Duncan , Tollerud Erik , Behroozi Peter , Diemer Benedikt , Goldbaum Nathan J. , Jennings Elise , Leauthaud Alexie , Mao Yao-Yuan , More Surhud , Parejko John , Sinha Manodeep , Sipöcz Brigitta , Zentner Andrew
Published: October 2017

We present the first stable release of Halotools (v0.2), a community-driven Python package designed to build and test models of the galaxy-halo connection. Halotools provides a modular platform for creating mock universes of galaxies starting from a catalog of dark matter halos obtained from a cosmological simulation. The package supports many of the common forms used to describe galaxy-halo models: the halo occupation distribution, the conditional luminosity function, abundance matching, and alternatives to these models that include effects such as environmental quenching or variable galaxy assembly bias. Satellite galaxies can be modeled to live in subhalos or to follow custom number density profiles within their halos, including spatial and/or velocity bias with respect to the dark matter profile. The package has an optimized toolkit to make mock observations on a synthetic galaxy population—including galaxy clustering, galaxy–galaxy lensing, galaxy group identification, RSD multipoles, void statistics, pairwise velocities and others—allowing direct comparison to observations. Halotools is object-oriented, enabling complex models to be built from a set of simple, interchangeable components, including those of your own creation. Halotools has an automated testing suite and is exhaustively documented on http://halotools.readthedocs.io, which includes quickstart guides, source code notes and a large collection of tutorials. The documentation is effectively an online textbook on how to build and study empirical models of galaxy formation with Python.
The Solar Neighborhood. XLII. Parallax Results from the CTIOPI 0.9 m Program—Identifying New Nearby Subdwarfs Using Tangential Velocities and Locations on the H–R Diagram
Authors: Jao 饒惟 Wei-Chun 君 , Henry Todd J. , Winters Jennifer G. , Subasavage John P. , Riedel Adric R. , Silverstein Michele L. , Ianna Philip A.
Published: October 2017

Parallaxes, proper motions, and optical photometry are presented for 51 systems consisting of 37 cool subdwarf and 14 additional high proper motion systems. Thirty-seven systems have parallaxes reported for the first time, 15 of which have proper motions of at least 1″ yr−1. The sample includes 22 newly identified cool subdwarfs within 100 pc, of which three are within 25 pc, and an additional five subdwarfs from 100 to 160 pc. Two systems—LSR 1610-0040 AB and LHS 440 AB—are close binaries exhibiting clear astrometric perturbations that will ultimately provide important masses for cool subdwarfs. We use the accurate parallaxes and proper motions provided here, combined with additional data from our program and others, to determine that effectively all nearby stars with tangential velocities greater than 200 km s−1 are subdwarfs. We compare a sample of 167 confirmed cool subdwarfs to nearby main sequence dwarfs and Pleiades members on an observational Hertzsprung–Russell diagram using M

V
versus (V − K

s
) to map trends of age and metallicity. We find that subdwarfs are clearly separated for spectral types K5–M5, indicating that the low metallicities of subdwarfs set them apart in the H–R diagram for (V − K

s
) = 3–6. We then apply the tangential velocity cutoff and the subdwarf region of the H–R diagram to stars with parallaxes from Gaia Data Release 1 and the MEarth Project to identify a total of 29 new nearby subdwarf candidates that fall clearly below the main sequence.
K2-114b and K2-115b: Two Transiting Warm Jupiters
Authors: Shporer Avi , Zhou George , Fulton Benjamin J. , Vanderburg Andrew , Espinoza Nestor , Collins Karen , Ciardi David , Bayliss Daniel , Armstrong James D. , Bento Joao , Bouchy Francois , Cochran William D. , Cameron Andrew Collier , Colón Knicole , Crossfield Ian , Dragomir Diana , Howard Andrew W. , Howell Steve B. , Isaacson Howard , Kielkopf John F. , Murgas Felipe , Sefako Ramotholo , Sinukoff Evan , Siverd Robert , Udry Stephane
Published: October 2017

We report the first results from a search for transiting warm Jupiter exoplanets—gas giant planets receiving stellar irradiation below about 108 erg s−1 cm−2, equivalent to orbital periods beyond about 10 days around Sun-like stars. We have discovered two transiting warm Jupiter exoplanets initially identified as transiting candidates in K2 photometry. K2-114b has a mass of

, a radius of

, and an orbital period of 11.4 days. K2-115b has a mass of

, a radius of

, and an orbital period of 20.3 days. Both planets are among the longest-period transiting gas giant planets with a measured mass, and they are orbiting relatively old host stars. Both planets are not inflated, as their radii are consistent with theoretical expectations. Their position in the planet radius–stellar irradiation diagram is consistent with the scenario where the radius–irradiation correlation levels off below about 108 erg s−1 cm−2, suggesting that for warm Jupiters stellar irradiation does not play a significant role in determining the planet radius. We also report our identification of another K2 transiting warm Jupiter candidate, EPIC 212504617, as a false positive.
Long-term Variability of H2CO Masers in Star-forming Regions
Authors: Andreev N. , Araya E. D. , Hoffman I. M. , Hofner P. , Kurtz S. , Linz H. , Olmi L. , Lorran-Costa I.
Published: October 2017

We present results of a multi-epoch monitoring program on variability of 6 cm formaldehyde (H2CO) masers in the massive star-forming region NGC 7538 IRS 1 from 2008 to 2015, conducted with the Green Bank Telescope, the Westerbork Radio Telescope , and the Very Large Array. We found that the similar variability behaviors of the two formaldehyde maser velocity components in NGC 7538 IRS 1 (which was pointed out by Araya and collaborators in 2007) have continued. The possibility that the variability is caused by changes in the maser amplification path in regions with similar morphology and kinematics is discussed. We also observed 12.2 GHz methanol and 22.2 GHz water masers toward NGC 7538 IRS 1. The brightest maser components of CH3OH and H2O species show a decrease in flux density as a function of time. The brightest H2CO maser component also shows a decrease in flux density and has a similar LSR velocity to the brightest H2O and 12.2 GHz CH3OH masers. The line parameters of radio recombination lines and the 20.17 and 20.97 GHz CH3OH transitions in NGC 7538 IRS 1 are also reported. In addition, we observed five other 6 cm formaldehyde maser regions. We found no evidence of significant variability of the 6 cm masers in these regions with respect to previous observations, the only possible exception being the maser in G29.96−0.02. All six sources were also observed in the

isotopologue transition of the 6 cm H2CO line;

absorption was detected in five of the sources. Estimated column density ratios [

]/[

] are reported.
Charge Exchange of Highly Charged Ne and Mg Ions with H and He
Authors: Lyons D. , Cumbee R. S. , Stancil P. C.
Published: October 2017

Cross sections for single electron capture (SEC), or charge exchange (CX), in collisions of Ne(8–10)+ and Mg(8–12)+ with H and He, are computed using an approximate multichannel Landau–Zener (MCLZ) formalism. Final-state-resolved cross sections for the principal (n), orbital angular momentum (ℓ), and where appropriate, total spin angular momentum (S) quantum numbers are explicitly computed, except for the incident bare ions Ne10+ and Mg12+. In the latter two cases,

-resolution is obtained from analytical ℓ-distribution functions applied to n-resolved MCLZ cross sections. In all cases, the cross sections are computed over the collision energy range 1 meV/u to 50 keV/u with LZ parameters estimated from atomic energies obtained from experiment, theory, or, in the case of high-lying Rydberg levels, estimated with a quantum defect approach. Errors in the energy differences in the adiabatic potentials at the avoided crossing distances give the largest contribution to the uncertainties in the cross sections, which are expected to increase with decreasing cross section magnitude. The energy differences are deduced here with the Olson–Salop–Tauljberg radial coupling model. Proper selection of an ℓ-distribution function for bare ion collisions introduces another level of uncertainty into the results. Comparison is made to existing experimental or theoretical results when available, but such data are absent for most considered collision systems. The

-resolved SEC cross sections are used in an optically thin cascade simulation to predict X-ray spectra and line ratios that will aid in modeling the X-ray emission in environments where CX is an important mechanism. Details on a MCLZ computational package, Stueckelberg, are also provided.
Probing the Outflowing Multiphase Gas ∼1 kpc below the Galactic Center
Authors: Savage Blair D. , Kim Tae-Sun , Fox Andrew J. , Massa Derck , Bordoloi Rongmon , Jenkins Edward. B. , Lehner Nicolas , Bland-Hawthorn Joss , Lockman Felix J. , Hernandez Svea , Wakker Bart P.
Published: October 2017

Comparison of interstellar medium (ISM) absorption in the UV spectrum of LS 4825, a B1 Ib−II star d = 21 ± 5 kpc from the Sun toward l = 1.°67 and b = −6.°63, with ISM absorption toward an aligned foreground star at d < 7.0 ± 1.7 kpc, allows us to isolate and study gas associated with the Milky Way nuclear wind. Spectra from the Space Telescope Imaging Spectrograph show low-ionization absorption out to d < 7 kpc (e.g., O i, C ii, Mg ii, Si ii, Fe ii, S ii) only between 0 and 40 km s−1, while absorption at d > 7 kpc, ∼1 kpc below the Galactic plane, is complex and spans −290 to +94 km s−1. The intermediate and high ions Si iii, C iv, Si iv, and N v show extremely strong absorption with multiple components from −283 to 107 km s−1, implying that the ISM ∼1 kpc below the Galactic center has a substantial reservoir of plasma and more gas containing C iv and N v than in the Carina OB1 association at z = 0 kpc. Abundances and physical conditions are presented for many absorption components. The high ion absorption traces cooling transition temperature plasma probably driven by the outflowing hot gas, while the extraordinarily large thermal pressure, p/k ∼ 105 cm−3 K−1, in an absorption component at −114 km s−1 probably arises from the ram pressure of the outflowing hot gas. The observations are consistent with a flow whose ionization structure in the high ions can be understood through a combination of nonequilibrium radiative cooling and turbulent mixing.
Quelle transmission pour nos enfants ?
Authors: Marcelli Daniel
Published: October 2017

La transmission est au coeur de nombreux débats. Entre le « devoir de mémoire » activement soutenu par les Autorités comme par de multiples associations et le « droit à l’oubli » revendiqué par de nombreux individus, par où passe cette transmission et que veut-on transmettre ? La transmission collective, celle qui va d’une génération à l’autre, au sein d’une population, d’un groupe ethnique, d’une famille et la transmission individuelle qui concerne la singularité d’une personne, quels sont les points communs, les divergences ? Aujourd’hui, dans l’éducation de leur enfant, les parents ne sont plus guidés par la tradition mais ont au contraire le souci de s’adapter à chaque enfant pour que son potentiel, véritable juge de paix de la parentalité, se développe au mieux. Or le potentiel ne se transmet pas ! Que peuvent bien vouloir transmettre les parents et comment font-ils ? Entre la conscience de ce qu’ils veulent transmettre et ce que l’enfant gardera en lui, où est le filtre/philtre ? Qu’est-ce qui se transmet le mieux, une parole ou un silence, un énoncé ou une intonation ? Ce qu’on sait d’un côté, ce qu’on ignore ou plutôt ce qu’on sait qu’on ignore, de l’autre, n’agit pas sur les mêmes instances psychiques, moi/surmoi d’un côté, inconscient de l’autre ? On le pratique chaque jour, l’être humain ne s’identifie pas tant à ce qu’il sait mais bien plus à ce qu’il ignore (ou sait qu’il ignore). Le « savoir de l’ignorance » possède sur la psyché un pouvoir énigmatique d’attraction, ces fameux « secrets de famille » ! Or, pour vivre en paix avec soi-même, il faut pouvoir assumer son héritage ! Affaire d’une vie, c’est la transmission qui en détient la clé.
Su et insu de la transmission
Authors: Douville Olivier , Le Fourn Jean-Yves
Published: October 2017

La question de la transmission se pose à nouveaux frais de nos jours avec l’avènement du numérique qui modifie le rapport établi du disciple au Maître. De plus, la numérisation et la médicalisation de nos existences font la part belle à de nouvelles formes de classifications, où le sujet se dissout en tant que question et risque, de ne plus être appréhendé que comme une machine atteinte de troubles ou de pannes divers. L’échange entre Jean-Yves le Fourn et Olivier Douville part d’une inquiétude ; la transmission clinique aurait-elle changée à notre insu, et serait-elle devenue qu’une simple transmission d’un « savoir » sans la notion d’expérience par la clinique du sujet ? Quelle est alors notre responsabilité pour rétablir une clinique contemporaine du sujet référée à la notion d’inconscient ?
Sons et représentations symboliques. Thérapie par la création de paysages sonores pour des enfants présentant des troubles envahissants du développement
Authors: Entat Marianne
Published: October 2017

L’art-thérapie a pour base l’expression artistique mise en oeuvre dans le cadre d’une relation entre un enfant et un thérapeute. L’art considéré ici est celui de la création sonore. Au-delà de l’univers traditionnellement considéré comme musical, les matériaux sont puisés dans l’environnement quotidien ou lointain, ou enregistrés par l’enfant lui-même. Après une brève présentation de l’évolution artistique et technologique, seront décrits quelques cas cliniques sélectionnés pour les différentes réflexions qu’ils peuvent susciter. Ce travail a été effectué de mars à décembre 2016 dans un Centre d’activité thérapeutique à temps partiel parisien, en relation avec les autres membres de l’équipe soignante. À ma connaissance, il n’existe pas encore de protocole semblable décrit dans la littérature et ceci est un prélude à des recherches approfondies.
Villes et réseaux : les jeunes changent la donne
Authors: García Canclini Néstor , Labarthe Sunniva
Published: October 2017

La vie urbaine a été profondément modifiée par les nouvelles technologies qui offrent de multiples formes alternatives de communication, de travail, de consommation, d’expression et de création. Les jeunes et les adolescents en font un usage intensif dans les grandes villes d’Amérique latine où anciens et nouveaux problèmes se juxtaposent. L’article montre comment l’usage des TIC est renouvelé dans ce contexte, et il souligne leur potentiel. Ainsi, les changements identifiés dans l’économie urbaine sont alimentés par des jeunes hautement qualifiés. Indépendamment ou articulés de manière flexible à travers des réseaux, ces jeunes puisent leur valeur ajoutée aussi bien dans la créativité que dans la connaissance, l’innovation culturelle ou les circuits alternatifs des produits du design, du bio, de l’art, pour n’en citer que quelques-uns. En même temps, la pauvreté, l’injustice spatiale, la violence et l’insécurité urbaine sapent les espaces de coexistence sociale et vident les espaces publics qui sont indispensables pour ces niches économiques urbaines. L’article rend compte des nouvelles expériences urbaines que les jeunes des villes latino-américaines font dans le travail ou les arts, et il explore ce qui les rapproche ou les distingue de leurs homologues des pays centraux.
Anatomie de la révolution sandiniste
Authors: Bataillon Gilles
Published: October 2017

Révolutionnaire de la première heure, membre du premier gouvernement révolutionnaire nicaraguayen, Moisés Hassan fut un des premiers cadres sandiniste à prendre ses distances avec le Front sandiniste et ses prétentions à devenir un parti-État en surplomb de la révolution. Son essai La malédiction du Güegüense est l’une des tentatives les plus abouties de penser la révolution sandiniste et sa défaite puis la transformation de son leader, Daniel Ortega, en un nouveau dictateur à l’image de celui renversé en 1979. Son livre est tout à la fois une réflexion sur la culture politique nicaraguayenne et son caudillisme dont ne s’est jamais affranchi le mouvement révolutionnaire. Moisés Hassan offre aussi des vues nouvelles sur la façon dont le Front sandiniste imposa son hégémonie sur les autres composantes de la révolution. Il offre ensuite une analyse novatrice des mécanismes du pouvoir révolutionnaire et des phantasmes totalitaires.