bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Creación de zonas de desarrollo del metapensamiento con la escritura productiva o creativa
Authors: Chávez Zamora Jose M.
Published: September 2017

En este artículo se propone un instrumento para registrar el desarrollo del metapensamiento con tareas de escritura productiva o creativa en la escuela. Se asume el principio de Vigotsky de la zona de desarrollo próximo para efecto de evaluación e intervención de la escritura productiva.
Actions for the participative rehabilitation of the National Monument Forest of Stone “Isabel Rubio”
Authors: Mitjans Moreno Barbarita , Pacheco Escobar Joel
Published: September 2017

El presente trabajo se realizó en el Monumento Nacional Bosque de Piedra “Isabel Rubio”, municipio Guane, provincia Pinar del Río, Cuba. Tuvo como objetivo proponer acciones participativas que contribuyeran a mitigar el proceso de degradación en ese ecosistema. Para ello se recogió información social. Los métodos utilizados fueron el Diagnóstico Rápido Participativo, la Investigación Acción Participativa y la Observación Científica Participativa. Las técnicas usadas para la recogida de información fueron: la entrevista semi-estructurada y la observación participante. Como resultados importantes se encontró que entre las causas que contribuyen en la degradación del ecosistema se encuentran: tala de especies de alto valor comercial, quema del bosque kárstico tropical, construcción de caminos y un insuficiente conocimiento por parte de los actores locales colindantes acerca de los valores patrimoniales y naturales del área de estudio. También se identificaron las consecuencias de estas acciones antrópicas y se diseñó un plan de acción que se fundamenta en cuatro líneas de trabajo (rehabilitación, capacitación, integración y promoción) con la idea base de la participación real de la comunidad en la solución de los problemas presentes en este patrimonio. Concluyese que las causas del deterioro del ecosistema están relacionadas con la acción antrópica desde posiciones negativas, por lo que se precisa de la participación de los actores locales desde una perspectiva comprometida y participativa para su rehabilitación.
The Correlation Between the Perceived Recovery and Migration with Drop Out TB Treatments at Dili and Ermera Districts - Timor-Leste
Authors: Da Silva Valente , Bakta Made , N Wirawan , Suryadhi Tigeh
Published: September 2017

Background: Tuberculosis (TB) is a direct contagious infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. The bacteria commonly affect the lungs with source of transmission is the positive pulmonary TB patientâ€™s sputum or smear. Default patientâ€™s treatment with pulmonary TB BTA (+) was to take medicine for two months or more, respectively in the initial phase and in the continuation phase. According to the WHO report, in 2013, drop out from treatment were experienced by 194 countries as follows: Africa Region (14%); America (25%); Western Mediterranean (13%); Europe (5.3%); Southeast Asia (21%) Western Pacific (3.9%). Timor-Leste drop out problem was caused by migration. According to Ministry of Health of Timor-Leste, 2008, that in the early phase of TB treatment (first 14 days), patients experience dramatic change in symptoms, where they feel better and cured so they stop taking TB drugs. Objective: This study aims to determine whether there was a correlation between variables of perceived recovery, migration to drop out case of TB treatment. Method: This is descriptive study using case-control design. The research samples were randomly chosen with a ratio of (1: 1) namely 57 of the case group and 57 of the control group so that the total number of samples was 114 people, who meet the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Results: There is a significant correlation between the feelings of TB cured with drop out from TB treatment (p < 0.05), and there is a significant correlation between migration with drop out from TB treatment (p < 0.05) Conclusion: There is a significant correlation between the perceived recovery, and migration to the drop out cases of TB treatment.
Subclinical leprosy detection in contact person of multibacillary leprosy patients
Authors: Wardana Made , Swastika Made , Rusyanti Luh Mas
Published: September 2017

Background: Leprosy is a chronic infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium leprae and generally manifest as neurodegenerative disorder which may lead to permanent disability. Whether its prevalence tend to be decreased, new and relaps case, complication such as skin reaction, and disability remain problematic whether in much smaller magnitude. Objective: In this study, we observe the prevalence of subclinical leprosy in population who live with leprosy patients in order to determine the rate of transmission and initiate early treatment for those with subclinical disease as well as providing data for future research. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in dermatology and genital clinic of Sanglah General Hospital from may 2016 to August 2016 which included all patientâ€™ family that agreed to be enrolled. The leprosy status of the sample was evaluated using lateral flow test that detect IgM anti-PGL-1 in the serum. Results: 28 leprosy patients and 73 contact person were enrolled in this study. Among the patients, 21 (75%) were Balinese and 7 (25%) were Javanese. Lateral Flow examination found that almost all results were positive (27; 96.42%) for the patients with just 1 patient showed negative result. Meanwhile, from 73 contact person, 11 appear to be positive (15.06%). Conclusion: lateral flow test was proved to be effective method of detecting M. leprae infection and we found 15.06% of contact person had subclinical leprosy.
Comparing the effects of brain exercise to listening to mozart in improving short term memory
Authors: Wahyuni Nila , Dinata Krisna , Juhanna Vidiari Indira , Nugraha Satria Hendra
Published: September 2017

Background: Doing a brain exercise or listening to Mozart are believed to improve short term memory. We examined whether these methods may differently improve the cognitive function. Methods: We conducted an experiment with pre-test and post-test involving two groups of 24 subjects each. The first group had a brain exercise and the second group listened to Mozart. Both groups had the treatment for four weeks, four times a week. The pre-test and post-test were a digit span test. The test scores were compared within the group and between the two groups. Result: The results indicated brain exercise and listening to Mozart improving the short term memory (p<0.05). However, the improvement was not significantly different between the two methods (p>0.05). Conclusion: One method showed no superiority against another in improving short term memory.
THE EFFECT OF MASSAGE STIMULATION TO REDUCTION OF TUMOR NECROTIC FACTOR-ALFA (TNF-Î±) AND INTERLEUKIN-6 (IL-6) IN PRETERM, LOW BIRTH WEIGHT APPROPRIATE WITH GESTATIONAL AGE INFANTS
Authors: Trisna-Windiani I G. A. , Soetjiningsih Soetjiningsih , Mantik-Astawa N. , Rusmil Kusnandi
Published: September 2017

Preterm condition gives a new stressful environment to infants. This condition needs a good and gradual adaptation. External environmental conditions, treatment, care and good nutrition are needed. Massage stimulation in preterm infants is a method that can prepare preterm infantsâ€™ adaptation through the critical post-birth period. A good adaptation of the system will provide better organ homeostasis including the immune system.There are three paths of mechanisms that can explain how massage stimulation can regulate pro-inflammatory cytokines TNF-Î± and IL-6. The first: the hypothalamus pathway, massage stimulation act as a comfort stimulation that can control (inhibit) the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines TNF-Î±Â  and IL-6 by macrophages; second: through activation of vagus nerve, massage stimulation act as a tactile stimulation which activates vagal system and the immune system; third: the hypothalamic-pituitary pathway, massage stimulation act as a kinesthetic stimulation that activates the hypothalamic-pituitary to release cortisol, GH (Growth hormone) and IGF-1 (Insulin-like Growth Factor 1). A randomized controlled trial about massage stimulation on preterm infants was performed in Sanglah Hospital Denpasar on 2011. The study revealed a different level of cytokine pro-inflammation TNF-Î± (p=0.025) and IL-6 (p=0,001) comparing before and after condition massage stimulation. Outcome of body weight were also different at before and after massage stimulation, with p value 0.042.Mechanisms of massage stimulation affect the immune system of preterm infants through regulation of inhibition the release of pro-inflammatory cytokine TNF-Î±, IL-6 by macrophages, through three main pathways: the hypothalamic; activation of the vagus nerve and the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis.
INCREASING LEVELS OF INTERLEUKIN-1ï¢, INTERLEUKIN-1 RECEPTOR ANTAGONIST IN BALINESE IDIOPATHIC GRANDMAL EPILEPSY
Authors: Anna-Marita Gelgel , Sudewa-Djelantik A. A. G. , Purwata Thomas Eko , Junitha Ketut
Published: September 2017

Purpose. To asses the level of proinflammatory and anti inflammatory cytokines in Balinese children with idiopathic grandmal epilepsy (IGE)Â Method and Results.We studied 25 Â patients with idiopathic grandmal epilepsy aged.., (and control with match age and sex) admitted to. In each patient, serum levels of interleukin-1 b and interleukin-1 receptor antagonist were measured at entry and compare to healthy control.In group case, mean IL-1 v and IL-1RA. In control group;Â Conclusions.This finding may suggest novel therapeutic approaches to children with IGE
Optimization of Annealing Temperature for Amplification of 507 bp fragment of rpoB Gene of Clinical Multidrug-Resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis Isolate 86
Authors: Rusyanthini E.P. , Wirajana I N. , Yowani S. C.
Published: September 2017

The gene of rpoB is the primary gene that is well known as a surrogate marker in MDR-TB (Multidrug-Resistant Tuberculosis) detection. The mutation of rpoB was studied around the world in its core region called RRDR (Rifampicin Resistance Determining Region). To learn the mutation in this fragment, PCR (Polymerase Chain Reaction) is the most common method used. This study was purposed to optimize the annealing temperature in amplifying the 507 bp fragment of rpob gene containing RRDR of isolate 86.DNA of MDR-TB isolate 86 was isolated by using Boom method for further amplified by PCR. The oligonucleotide primers used in this study were FrTB and RrTB. Eight different annealing temperature were used to optimize the amplification of rpoB gene : 53, 55, 57, 58, 59, 60, 61, and 63oC. Detection of PCR products was done with 1,5% agarose gel electrophoresis.Agarose gel electrophoresis of PCR products showed that 507 bp of rpoB gene could be produced at all annealing temperatures. A faint amplified product was observed at temperature 53 and 55oC. However, at temperature 58 and 60oC more intense bands were observed. In conclusion, the best annealing temperature was at 60oC in producing the 507 bp fragment.
ANALISIS ALIRAN DAYA UNTUK PENENTUAN LOKASI PENYALURAN DAYA PLTN DI SISTEM KALIMANTAN BARAT
Authors: Candranurani Citra , Setya Budi Rizki Firmansyah , Lumbanraja Sahala Maruli
Published: September 2017

ANALISIS ALIRAN DAYA UNTUK PENENTUAN LOKASI PENYALURAN DAYA PLTN DI SISTEM KALIMANTAN BARAT. Kondisi kelistrikan di Kalbar diketahui dalam situasi krisis akibat jumlah kapasitas daya pembangkit yang hampir sama dengan beban puncak. Sistem tidak memiliki cadangan pembangkitan sehingga mengakibatkan defisit  listrik ketika ada pembangkit yang tidak beroperasi. Kebijakan perencanaan listrik hingga tahun 2022 adalah dengan membangun PLTU untuk mengganti PLTD yang telah ada. Untuk perencanaan jangka panjang diperlukan peranan energi baru terbarukan guna mengurangi ketergantungan pemakaian bahan bakar fosil, diantaranya adalah pemanfaatan PLTN. Aspek kelistrikan, salah satunya untuk mengetahui lokasi penyaluran daya PLTN yang optimum, maka diperlukan analisis aliran daya. Lokasi Gardu Induk (GI) yang dianalisis adalah keseluruhan GI di Kalbar yaitu sejumlah 20 unit. Metoda perhitungan aliran daya pada penelitian ini menggunakan perangkat lunak ETAP 12.5. Perencanaan pengoperasian PLTN digunakan untuk memikul beban dasar, sehingga agar optimum maka faktor kapasitasnya diatas 80%. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan 3 lokasi yang dapat membangkitkan daya diatas 80%, yaitu: GI Mempawah, GI Singkawang, dan GI Sambas. Lokasi paling optimum berada di GI Mempawah dengan faktor kapasitas 83,5%. Letak ketiga GI ini sejalan dengan salah satu syarat untuk pembangunan PLTN, yaitu tersedianya sumber air pendingin karena lokasi tersebut dekat dengan pinggir pantai.   Kata kunci: Aliran daya, lokasi optimum, PLTN, Kalimantan Barat
A SPEECH ACT ANALYSIS OF TEACHER TALK IN AN EFL CLASSROOM
Authors: Basra Sri Meiweni , Thoyyibah Luthfiyatun
Published: September 2017

The inappropriate use of speech act in EFL classroom may lead to misunderstanding due to the distinct cultures between the origin of language and the users. The purposes of the research are to find out speech act classification mostly used by an EFL teacher while teaching, the reason of why certain classification was preferred and the implication of the selected speech act classification toward the teaching and learning process. This research is a case study research involving an English teacher teaching an EFL class. The study uses Searle’s taxonomy of speech act classification as the instrument. The findings of the research show the frequency of each classification found as the following: 70% for directives, 21% for representative, 6% for expressive and 3% for commissive. Directive speech acts are used mostly by the teacher because the teacher adopts the principle of Communicative Language Teaching. The use of directive speech act apparently make implication towards the improvement of the students’ productive skills. The study concludes that the choice of speech acts classification determine the teaching approach and vice versa. It is recommended for English teachers wishing to help students to achieve communicative competence to use more directive speech acts.
STUDENTS’ ABILITIES TO SOLVE MATHEMATICAL PROBLEMS ACCORDING TO ACCREDITATION LEVELS
Authors: Mairing Jackson Pasini
Published: September 2017

Problem solving is important for mathematical learning because it enables students to enhance high thinking skills and positive attitudes. This research aimed at describing and comparing the abilities of junior high school students in grade VIII from one of the regencies/cities in Central Kalimantan (Indonesia) in solving mathematical problems based on schools’ accreditations (A, B, C, and unaccredited), and schools’ status (public and private). The researcher gave three mathematical problems to the students from 20 samples of schools. The schools were randomly selected from the population consisting of 62 junior high schools. Each student’s solution was scored using a holistic rubric. The scores were summarized using some statistics represented in tables and graphics and were analyzed using a Kruskal-Wallis nonparametric test because the data were not normally distributed. The finding indicated that the average scores of the public and private schools’ students were 4.71 and 3.49 (scale 0-12), respectively. Based on the percentages, namely 1.91% and 39.66%, the students were classified as good and naive problem solvers, respectively. Further test revealed that the students from the A-accredited public schools significantly achieved the highest score for problem solving skills. Meanwhile, the students in the A-accredited and the unaccredited private schools did not show a significant difference in the skills. Similar result was also found in the public schools which were accredited B and C, and unaccredited.
Judicious Use of L1: A Sociocultural Investigation of Teachers’ Use of L1 in L2 Classrooms
Authors: Khonamri Fatemeh
Published: September 2017

This study is a sociocultural investigation of the reasons why teachers use L1 in L2 classes through different classroom “modes” (Walsh, 2011). So far, a few studies regarding L1 have focused on L1 use in different classroom contexts, and none have used Walsh’s model of classroom modes. To this end, the present study used Walsh’s model which quarters the classroom context along with the Conversation Analysis techniques, to meticulously examine the classroom interactions. The classes were chosen from three different teachers in Mazandaran, Iran. A total of 6 sessions were recorded and transcribed. Results suggest that teachers use L1 mostly for managing purposes: drawing students’ attention, and making sure they have comprehended what they are supposed to do, and educational purposes: explaining difficult grammar and vocabulary, and eliciting desired structures or utterances. These findings might help teachers use L1 more efficiently and judiciously, instead of avoiding it when and where it might benefit the learners, as well as minimizing it in their classes as much as possible.
Language Beliefs among Adult Learners: Individual Differences
Authors: Johari Aiza
Published: September 2017

To develop the quality of language learning and utilise learning opportunities in and out of a classroom, it is vital to understand individual's beliefs in language learning. White (2008) affirmed that an individual’s belief plays a key role in the learning process and language acquisition, especially the beliefs the learners have about themselves, language and language learning, and about the settings in which they contribute as language learners and users. This study identifies the English language learning beliefs of adult learners (between 45-50 years of age) in a local university in Sarawak. Questionnaire was the instrument  to collect the data and the data were analysed using SPSS Version 21. The study showed that these adult learners have various levels of language beliefs. The results obtained can be used to enhance the teaching and learning of English language where language instructors can learn more about their learners and the learners’ language beliefs can further enhance learning process in the classroom.
SPIRITUAL PEDAGOGY: AN ANALYSIS OF THE FOUNDATION OF VALUES IN THE PERSPECTIVE OF BEST PERFORMING TEACHERS
Authors: Syihabuddin Syihabuddin
Published: September 2017

The welfare of a nation is determined by the quality of its education. The quality of education is in turn determined by the quality of teachers, and the quality of teachers by the values that guide them in performing their profession. Teachers who perform their profession based on values are best performing teachers. The question is what spiritual values guide them in fulfilling their job as a teacher? This is the main question in describing the values that become the foundation, guidelines, and motivation for teachers in performing their profession; the values that are apparent in daily life behaviors as the educational principles that become the authentic character of the teachers. To meet this goal, narrative inquiry method was employed to analyze the thoughts, feelings, and ideas of best performing teachers from the story, history or activities they recount. In order to answer the main question of this research, 24 best performing teachers from various levels of education from West Java and other provinces were gathered. Data were collected through in-depth interviews with the researcher that plays the role of research instrument. Then, the data were transcribed so that each respondent has his or her own ”narration”. After getting coded and numbered, the sentences were processed with monocorn version 1.3 to find the frequency of keywords that will narrow down to certain themes potential to be the research findings. The findings were then analyzed, compared, and contrasted to tendencies as conclusions strengthened with discussion from theoretical perspectives.
Effect of population sources and clones to growth variation of Shorea leprosula Miq shoot cuttings
Authors: Mashudi Mashudi
Published: September 2017

Vegetative propagation has an important role in production of high quality planting stocks. Through vegetative propagation, the genetic potential of a mother tree will totally be inherited to the off-springs.This study aimed to determine the effects of population sources and clones on growth variation of Shorea leprosula Miq shoot cuttings. Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) was used as an experimental design; which consists of two factors, i.e population sources (Muara Wahau, Berau, Kenangan, Ketapang and Carita) and clones (40 clones). In this study clone was nested in the population. The results showed that the clones and population sources influenced the rooting percentage, height growth, number of root, length of root and number of leaves of S. leprosula shoot cuttings. Rooting percentage of clones ranged between 66.7 – 100.0% (2 groups difference), height growth ranged between 2.60 – 6.80 cm (6 groups difference), number of root ranged between 2.1 – 5.7 (9 groups difference), length of root ranged between 4.3 – 15.8 cm (8 groups difference) and number of leaves ranged between 1.17 – 3.57 (5 groups difference).
Efforts to resolve the problem of forest area conservation on the national park in the island of Sumatra
Authors: Desmiwati NFN , Surati NFN
Published: September 2017

In the frame of the implementation of good forest management, the certainty of the factually and legally forest area it is needed in order in order to have solid legal foundation. This means the stability on forest boundary areas it is required. This study aimed to carry out scrutiny of the stability of 11 national parks areas in Sumatra, and to recognize the development of stabilization of national parks. The study is conducted in 11 national parks in Sumatra consisting of 7 national parks as conservation forest management unit (CFMU) and 4 parks are not CFMU. The analysis approach used for the research was qualitative descriptive. The results showed that out of 11 national parks only 27.27% which has been structuring the outer boundary from end to end, meanwhile 72.72% have not done. This is because there are some boundaries areas that will be regulated still have problems with the community. Zonation structuring has been conducted by 10 National Park (90.91%) but 1 TN (9.09 have not done the zonation structuring yet). There are some national parks has not been define the boundary properly. Out of number of issues, some efforts  that need to be done are to clarify boundary markers on the national parks that can be recognized by all stakeholders, the the acceleration of zone marking and carried out in accordance with the interests of all stakeholders, as well as the need for community involvement in the management of national parks.
Muerte descendente de Prunus sp. asociada a Armillaria spp. en huertas comerciales de Michoacán, México
Authors: Rivas-Valencia Patricia , Almaraz-Sánchez Alejandra , Cano-Salgado Adriana , Hernández-Ramos Lervin , Alanís-Martínez Iobana , Fernández-Montes Mario Rafael
Published: September 2017

El área productora de durazno (Prunus persica) y ciruelo (Prunus domestica) en Michoacán, se localiza en el municipio de Zinapécuaro. Recientemente se han presentado síntomas de un deterioro progresivo de los árboles que les ocasiona la muerte, poniendo en riesgo la producción de fruta. El objetivo de este estudio fue identificar y caracterizar molecularmente el patógeno responsable. En las localidades de Ucareo, Jeráhuaro, Huajúmbaro, San Joaquín y La Galera con antecedentes del problema, se colectaron muestras de raíz, tronco y suelo. Se identificaron signos característicos del hongo Armillaria spp., confirmado por secuenciación molecular del gen Tef-1α (translation elongation factor 1α). El análisis filogenético agrupó las secuencias como dos especies nuevas, filogenéticamente emparentada en el mismo clado que A. mellea, que es una especie patógena agresiva. En México no se cuenta actualmente con portainjertos tolerantes, y por tanto, se recomienda continuar con estudios de búsqueda de resistencia genética y manejo de la enfermedad en las huertas.
Resistencia de Vasconcellea cauliflora al Virus de la mancha anular de la papaya-potyvirus (PRSV-P) y su introgresión en Carica papaya
Authors: Ordaz-Pérez Daniela , Gámez-Vázquez Josué , Hernández-Ruiz Jesús , Espinosa-Trujillo Edgar , Rivas-Valencia Patricia , Castro-Montes Ivonne
Published: September 2017

El cultivo de papaya (Carica papaya L.) posee gran importancia económica, la cual es afectada por enfermedades causadas por virus, principalmente transmitidas por áfidos vectores. Aunque las prácticas convencionales de control de vectores parecen mantener al margen la propagación del virus, no es suficiente para evitar pérdidas en la producción. Existen desarrollos de la ingeniería genética que permiten obtener plantas resistentes a las enfermedades virales. En la presente revisión, se aborda la problemática asociada a los virus con mayor impacto para el cultivo de la papaya: Papaya ringspot potyvirus (PRSV-P) y el Papaya mosaic virus (PapMV), su variabilidad genética y las estrategias de mejoramiento genético que han permitido la generación de poblaciones resistentes a través de la recombinación de especies del género Vasconcellea con variedades comerciales de Carica papaya.
Etiología de la pudrición de cormos de gladiolo en almacén en Cuautla Morelos, México
Authors: Hernández-Moreno Areli Mitshu , Bautista-Baños Silvia , Hernández-López Mónica , Barrera-Necha Laura Leticia , León-Rodríguez Renato , García-Barrera Laura
Published: September 2017

Las ventajas de México como productor florícola recaen en su diversidad de climas y su cercanía al mercado norteamericano. Actualmente la exportación de flores y plantas ha quedado consolidada, tal como es el caso del gladiolo al estar libre de arancel. Los principales estados productores son Puebla, Estado de México y Morelos. La producción comercial de la flor de corte de gladiolo se inicia a través de la plantación del cormo; el cual es afectado por diversos patógenos que ocasionan su pudrición, como los del género Penicillium que ataca durante el almacenamiento, provocando desarrollo limitado de raíces y aborto floral. Éste provoca infecciones a través de heridas y sitios de ruptura; se encuentra presente en un 90% de material vegetal aparentemente sano. Los objetivos de este trabajo fueron aislar e identificar cultural, morfológica y molecularmente, así como realizar pruebas de patogenicidad para determinar las especies de Penicillium causantes de la pudrición. A partir de cormos variedad GrandPrix® (10/12) con diferentes niveles de deterioro morfológico y de acuerdo a una escala hedónica visual de siete puntos. Se aisló e identificó a P. verrucosum Dierckx y P. rugulosum Thom como causantes de la pudrición de cormos, este último reportado por primera vez como fitopatógeno en gladiolo.
Técnicas para el aislamiento, identificación y caracterización molecular de cepas de Ralstonia solanacearum relacionadas a Moko del plátano
Authors: Obrador-Sánchez José Abraham , Tzec-Simá Miguel , Canto-Canché Blondy , Higuera-Ciapara Inocencio
Published: September 2017

Ralstonia solanacearum es uno de los fitopatógenos más destructivos en la agricultura; en el  cultivo de plátano la raza 2 causa la enfermedad denominada Moko del plátano, la cual en México está restringida a algunas áreas y provoca pérdidas cuando ocurren brotes epidémicos. La raza 2 comprende subgrupos (secuevares), los cuales usualmente son identificados mediante PCR de tipo Multiplex. El aislamiento de R. solanacearum es usualmente difícil, aún sobre medios semiselectivos, debido a su crecimiento lento y a la frecuente contaminación con bacterias Pseudomonas, Klebsiella y Erwinia, que presentan fenotipos similares. En este trabajo se presenta una estrategia que facilita el aislamiento, identificación y clasificación de R. solanacearum raza 2. El protocolo comprende inmunodiagnóstico del material vegetal sospechoso, confirmación mediante PCR, aislamiento sobre medios semiselectivos SMSA y B-King, y genotipificación de los secuevares mediante reacciones de PCR sencillas, específicas. En el presente trabajo se aislaron 25 cepas de muestras obtenidas del estado de Tabasco, las cuales genotipificaron en el secuevar 6. Su previa genotipificación mediante Multiplex fue confusa, lo que evidencia que ese ensayo puede llevar a conclusiones erróneas. Por lo tanto no es válido proponer divergencia genética y emergencia de nuevas cepas con base en su resultado, como se ha hecho en algunos reportes recientes.
Reducción en la incidencia de la pudrición gris en uva de mesa por el efecto de volátiles de un extracto de ajo
Authors: Campa-Siqueiros Paola , Vallejo-Cohen Socorro , Corrales-Maldonado Consuelo , Martínez-Téllez Miguel Ángel , Vargas-Arispuro Irasema , Ávila-Quezada Graciela
Published: September 2017

La pudrición gris en racimos de uva causada por Botrytis cinerea, es la enfermedad que más afectan al mercado de la uva de mesa. Su control es mediante almohadillas liberadoras de dióxido de azufre (SO2) y fungicidas sistémicos, actualmente en revisión regulatoria. En este trabajo se planteó evaluar en forma volátil un extracto de ajo (EHA), alicina, dialildisulfuro (DADS) y dialiltrisulfuro (DATS), sobre la incidencia de pudrición gris en racimos de uva variedad Flame seedless. Los tratamientos fueron impregnados en celulosa, que permitió la liberación de los compuestos sobre los racimos de uva inoculados con 1 x 106 esporas de B. cinerea/mL. Los resultados mostraron que los volátiles emitidos por alicina y DADS tienen menor efecto que el EHA y DATS, los cuales inhibieron de manera similar (P≤0.05) el desarrollo de la enfermedad en los racimos durante 14 días a 4 y 25 °C, presentando mejor efectividad a bajas temperatura (4°C). Resultado de particular relevancia en la problemática de esta enfermedad, que se presenta durante el almacenamiento en frío de la uva. La efectividad mostrada por los compuestos derivados de ajo, aplicados en su forma volátil, abre la posibilidad de su utilización como una alternativa a los fungicidas tradicionales para el control de enfermedades postcosecha.
Diagnostic Accuracy: The Wellspring of EBVM Success, and How We Can Improve It
Authors: Mills David
Published: September 2017

Therapy and prognosis are entailed by the diagnosis: the holistic success of the EBVM approach there­fore firmly and critically rests on diagnostic accuracy.Unfortunately, medical professionals do not appear to be very accurate with diagnoses. In human medi­cine, there is 30-50% discordance reported between doctors’ ante- (presumptive) and post-mortem (defin­itive) diagnoses, with no significant change in the last 100 years (Goldberg et al 2002). This is attenuated by attaching a degree of certainty – ‘very certain’ shows 16% discordance, ‘probable’ 33% and ‘uncertain’ 50% – and some body systems are more difficult (e.g. respiratory) than others (Shojania et al 2002; Sing­ton and Cottrell 2002).Veterinary surgeons do not perform much better, although it is a chronically under-researched area. The single study that exists – from a respected referral institution – shows discordance between ante- and post-mortem diagnoses of ranging from 15% (oncology) to 45% (ECC), with internal medicine (44%), neu­rology (35%), surgery (33%) and cardiology (21%) lying in between (Kent et al 2004). Incorrect diagnoses are therefore common; the potential for subsequent incorrect or harmful therapy and/or prognosis is great; the quality of interventional evidence is immaterial if the wrong disease is being treated.How can we do better? Human EBM shows that technology, big data and further evidence does not guar­antee improvement; these are unlikely realisations for EBVM in the near future in any case. The answer may lie in the fields of psychology and social science. Studies indicate that diagnostic success may rest largely with the individual: expert clinicians consistently perform better. But how?Experts are marked out by the use of ‘illness scripts’, which are mental knowledge networks against which the presenting patient – history, signs, clinical data – are checked and hypotheses entertained or refuted until (with the addition of more clinical data) a diagnosis is reached (Custers 2015). Experts rapidly ap­praise relevant data, embracing and exploring inconsistencies in the clinical picture, largely ignore patho­physiology and make far fewer errors than novices.It appears we would do well to harness and teach these skills – however, current problem-based learning methods fail to do so. To maximise the impact on clinical performance, it seems explicit recognition, teach­ing and integration of illness scripts and pathways to expertise are fundamental steps for EBVM. This would require a ground-shift change in veterinary teaching and professional development, but may well prove to be the greatest positive difference EBVM can make to the veterinary profession.
Relooking at the Common Core Standards Through the Lens of Equity – Closing the Achievement Gap
Authors: Rathee N. K.
Published: September 2017

On the failure of No Child Left Behind (NCLB) to close the “achievement gap” between whites and minorities, the Common Core State Standards were heralded as the best way of raising academic standards for all children around the country and closing the achievement gap. Numerous reports have emerged questioning the efficacy of the Common Core Standards to deliver what was promised. Public disillusion is apparent. This paper is an attempt to revisit the Common Core Standards through the lens of data generated by its implementation. Quantitative data available from the National Assessment of Educational Progress (NAEP) for 4th, 8th and 12th grade students and their achievements scores for mathematics and reading for the years 2009, 2011, 2013 and 2015 were taken into consideration. Results have revealed no increase, much less significant, in the average achievement scores and no indication that the achievement gap was being narrowed. Recommendations have been made for having a relook at the content and the implementation of the standards.
Alternative off school Business Models that Enhance Multiple Intelligences in Kenyan Schools
Authors: Nassiuma David Maboko , Kindiki Jonah N. , Chumba Sammy K.
Published: September 2017

Promotion of individual development and self-fulfillment amongst students in Kenya is among the national goals of education. To accomplish this goal it is imperative that, development of Multiple Intelligences in schools is put into perspective. To date, relatively little research has investigated the ways students Multiple Intelligences should be enhanced in Kenya. Consequently, this study was devised to examine alternative off school business management models that enhance Multiple Intelligences among secondary students in Kenya. The study was guided by the Multiple Intelligence Theory and Management Competency Framework. The study target population was 150 secondary schools in Elgeyo Marakwet. Data was collected using questionnaire, document analysis and interview. The data was analyzed qualitatively using thematic approach and quantitatively using percentages, means, standard deviation and simple linear regression. Data was presented in tables. The findings indicated that schools management was managing traditional models of enhancing multiple intelligences thus majority of the students’ abilities were not developed. Alternative off school business management models were found to be effective in enhancing multiple intelligences among students though majority of the schools had not adopted them. The study recommends that managing and facilitating entrepreneurship programmes should be promoted to enable students to show case abilities in different intelligences.
Entornos Virtuales 3D Con Juegos De Rol Y Diálogos Para Desarrollar La Comunicación Oral Del Idioma Inglés
Authors: Hernán Salazar Calderón Edison , Rolando Armas Pesántez Paul , Geovanny Armas Pesántez Washington , Oswaldo Guadalupe Bravo Luis , Isaac Orozco Yánez Gabriel , Eduardo Allauca Peñafiel Marcelo
Published: September 2017

The present research aims at the application of a conversational English course in 3D virtual environments, to develop oral communication of the language in the students of the sixth level "G" at the Faculty of Engineering of the National University of Chimborazo, from March to August of 2014, inasmuch as, little interest in and outside the classroom was detected, which inhibited the learning process. Therefore, the use of listening and speaking skills was proposed, using communicative techniques such as role play and discussion. The development of the research was based on a quasi-experimental and qualitative design, applied type, causal, in situ and bibliographic. The method used was the hypothetical - deductive one that allowed to verify that the oral communication of the English language was developed. It was essential to develop the activities contained in the conversational course, which allowed the collection of information through evaluations with an observation sheet and qualifications scale applied to an experimental group, represented by the sample in two scenarios: before and after applying communicative strategies; the same ones that were tabulated, analyzed, interpreted and compared, these determined that the techniques, role play and dialogue, allowed to develop the oral language skill of the students through the English course.
Da memória e do esquecimento: o Instituto Ponte Nova
Authors: Nascimento Ester Fraga Vilas-Bôas Carvalho do
Published: September 2017

Este artigo trata do Instituto Ponte Nova durante as três primeiras décadas de funcionamento. Instituição presbiteriana, fundada na cidade baiana de Wagner, funcionou principalmente como centro irradiador de professoras no hinterlandbrasileiro.
As linhagens do samba
Authors: Zan José Roberto
Published: September 2017

Este número da Revista Resgate traz um conjunto de artigos dedicado ao samba, gênero musical popular cujas origens remontam ao período colonial da História do Brasil e que consquistou reconhecimento nacional e internacional ao longo do século XX.
O samba paulista e suas histórias: textos, depoimentos orais, músicas e imagens na reconstrução da trajetória de uma manifestação da cultura popular paulista
Authors: Simson Olga Rodrigues de Moraes von
Published: September 2017

A origem do samba rural, uma manifestção tipicamente paulista, estaria no Jongo, dança ritual realizada nas fazendas de cana desde o século XVIII, mesclado ao samba de roda, trazido por escravos crioulos importados do Nordeste pelos cafeicultores da região de Campinas, após 1850. Dessa junção surgiram tanto o batuque de umbigada de Piracicaba, Tietê e Capivari como o samba de bumbo campineiro. Focaliza-se a manutenção dessa tradição, através de associações de várias cidades dedicadas ao batuque de umbigada e por grupos mais recentes, que recriam as danças ou cantam e passam a compor sambas baseados na ancestralidade afro-brasileira.
KEADILAN DALAM HUBUNGAN HUKUM ANTARA DOSEN PERGURUAN TINGGI SWASTA DENGAN BADAN PENYELENGGARA PERGURUAN TINGGI
Authors: Huda Miftakhul
Published: September 2017

The position of the lecturer as a professional educator who runs the college tridharma causes the legal relationship of the lecturer of Private Higher Education with the Private University Administration Board to have its own distinct characteristic from the legal relationship in the labor law which is characterized by a limited relationship or sub-ordinate (dienstverhovding) Which characterizes the relationship between the government/the authorities and the people. The construction of these different legal relationships causes the courts in Indonesia to have no strong foothold regarding the absolute authority to adjudicate disputes or disputes arising in the legal relations of Private University lecturers with the Private University Organizing Body. Thus, it is necessary to create a new concept of legal relationship in parallel position whose basic rights and obligations are determined by the Law because the implementation of education should be the obligation of the government so that the people who assist its implementation should be given optimal protection both in terms of freedom of academic pulpit and welfare protection of lecturers
PELIMPAHAN TUGAS DAN WEWENANG KEPADA PRESIDEN MANDATARIS MPR DALAM RANGKA PENYUKSESAN DAN PENGAMANAN PEMBANGUNAN NASIONAL
Authors: M. Hadjon Philipus
Published: September 2017

Ketetapan MPR No VI/MPR/1988 masih menganggap perlu melimpahkan tugas dan wewenang secara khusus kepada Presiden dengan pertimbangan yang dapat dilihat dalam konsideran Menimbang huruf asdf.Article lengkap klik disini
Cancer Etiology: Variation in Cancer Risk among Tissues is Poorly Explained by the Number of Gene Mutations
Authors: Lopez-Lazaro Miguel
Published: September 2017

Recent evidence indicates that the risk of being diagnosed with cancer in a tissue is strongly correlated (0.80) with the number of stem cell divisions accumulated by the tissue. Since cell division can generate random mutations during DNA replication, this correlation has been used to propose that cancer is largely caused by the accumulation of unavoidable mutations in driver genes. However, no correlation between the number of gene mutations and cancer risk across tissues has been reported. Because many somatic mutations in cancers originate prior to tumor initiation and the number of cell divisions occurring during tumor growth is similar among tissues, here I use whole genome sequencing information from 22,086 cancer samples and incidence data from the largest cancer registry in each continent to study the relationship between the number of gene mutations and the risk of cancer across 33 tissue types. Results show a weak positive correlation (mean = 0.14) between these two parameters in each of the five cancer registries. The correlation became stronger (mean = 0.50) when gender-related cancers were excluded. Results also show that 1,003 samples from 29 cancer types have zero mutations in genes. These data suggest that cancer etiology can be better explained by the accumulation of stem cell divisions than by the accumulation of gene mutations. Possible mechanisms by which the accumulation of cell divisions in stem cells increases the risk of cancer are discussed.
Comparison and Screening of NFC Options in View of Sustainable Performance and Waste Management
Authors: Schwenk-Ferrero Aleksandra , Andrianov Andrey
Published: September 2017

Is it true that the nuclear technology applied to electric energy generation offers a clean, safe, reliable and affordable i.e. sustainable alternative? Yes it is, but its impact on the environment strongly depends on the implementation bearing residual risks due to a human factor, technical failures or natural catastrophes. A full response is therefore difficult and can first be given when the wicked multi-disciplinary problems get well formulated and “solved”. These problems have multi-dimensional nature lying at the interface between: necessary R&D effort, the industrial deployment and the technology impact in view of the environmental sustainability including the management of produced hazardous waste. This enormous complexity indicates that just a description of the problem might represent a problem. The paper proposes a holistic approach to assess the nuclear energy systems potential with respect to sustainable performance applying Multi-criteria decision analysis with a suitable objective tree and a multi-level criteria structure and examines the trading-off techniques for ranking of the alternatives. The framework proposes a multi-criteria and multi-stakeholders treatment which can be used as a pre-decisional support towards an implementation of nuclear fuel cycles adapted to national preferences and priorities. Proposed approach addresses some aspects of the environmental footprint of nuclear energy systems. Advanced nuclear fuel cycles, previously investigated by the NEA/OECD expert group WASTEMAN, are analyzed as a case study. Sustainability facets of waste management, resource utilization and economics are in focus.
Strengthening of Existing Bridge Structures for Shear and Bending with Carbon Textile Reinforced Mortar
Authors: Herbrand Martin , Adam Viviane , Classen Martin , Kueres Dominik , Hegger Josef
Published: September 2017

Increasing traffic loads and changes in code provisions lead to deficits in shear and flexural capacity of many existing highway bridges. Therefore, a lot of structures in Europe and North America are expected to require refurbishment and strengthening in the future. This projection is based on the current condition of many older road bridges. Different strengthening methods for bridges exist to extent their service life, all having specific advantages and disadvantages. By applying a thin layer of carbon textile reinforced mortar (CTRM) to bridge deck slabs and the webs of prestressed concrete bridges, the fatigue and ultimate strength of these members can be increased significantly. The CTRM-layer is a combination of a corrosion resistant carbon fibre reinforced polymer (CFRP) fabric and an efficient mortar. In this paper, the strengthening method and the experimental results obtained at RWTH Aachen University are presented.
A Rare Case of Aicardi-Goutières Syndrome Who Showed a Positive Evolution after Being Treated with Growth Hormone, High Doses of Melatonin and Neurorehabilitation
Authors: Devesa Jesús , Alonso Alba , Porto Patricia , Quintana Ana , Carrillo María , Devesa Pablo , Puell Carlos Israel
Published: September 2017

1) Background: The Aicardi-Goutières syndrome (AGS) is a rare congenital disease which courses with severe psychomotor delay in neurodevelopment. We studied a 3-years and 4-months old child with very important growth and weight affectation, microcephaly and loss of his developmental skills from 16-months of age, in which previous metabolic and genetic studies discarded any abnormality. Therefore diagnosis was cerebral palsy of unknown etiology. He presented spastic paraparesia, poor fine motricity, cognitive impairment and absence of oral communication. One year after discharge, a de novo mutation was detected in a single nucleotide in the gene IFIH1: c.2317G>C, being then diagnosed of AGS. 2) Methods: Blood analysis showed very low IGF-1 and slightly elevated liver transaminases. Treatment consisted in GH (0.04 mg/kg/day), melatonin (20 mg/day, and after 3-months 50 mg/day), and daily intense neurorehabilitation (5 days/week). Tests for evaluating childhood developmental milestones (GMFM-88, BDIST and the WeeFim test) were carried out every 3-months. 3) Results: The equivalent age at admission (10-months) increased to 24-months at discharge. There were clear improvements in spasticity, fine motor function, swallowing, cognition and autonomy as well as in communication, growth and weight. 4) Conclusion: Most likely melatonin blocked or decreased the interferon signature, allowing GH and neurorehabiltation to act on neurodevelopment.