bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Energy-Saving D2D Wireless Networking Based on ACO and AIA Fusion Algorithm
Authors: Li Jiatong , Li Zhibo , Li Xuanying , Wang Cheng
Published: September 2021

Lower energy consumption and higher data rate have been becoming the key factors of modern wireless mobile communication for the improvement of user experiences. At present, the commercialization of 5G communications is gradually promoting the development of Internet of things (IoT) techniques. Due to the limited coverage capability of direct wireless communications, the indirect device-to-device (D2D) communications using information relay, in addition to the single 5G base station deployment, have been introduced. Along with the increase of information nodes, the relay devices have to undertake the nonnegligible extra data traffic. In order to adjust and optimize the information routing in D2D services, we present an algorithmic investigation referring to the ant colony optimization (ACO) algorithm and the artificial immune algorithm (AIA). By analyzing the characteristics of these algorithms, we propose a combined algorithm that enables the improved the iterative convergence speed and the calculation robustness of routing path determination. Meanwhile, the D2D optimization pursuing energy saving is numerically demonstrated to be improved than the original algorithms. Based on the simulation results under a typical architecture of 5G cellular network including various information nodes (devices), we show that the algorithmic optimization of D2D routing is potentially valid for the realization of primitive wireless IoT networks.
[Retracted] Taxonomy of Adaptive Neuro‐Fuzzy Inference System in Modern Engineering Sciences
Authors: Chopra Shivali , Dhiman Gaurav , Sharma Ashutosh , Shabaz Mohammad , Shukla Pratyush , Arora Mohit
Published: September 2021

Adaptive Neuro‐Fuzzy Inference System (ANFIS) blends advantages of both Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs) and Fuzzy Logic (FL) in a single framework. It provides accelerated learning capacity and adaptive interpretation capabilities to model complex patterns and apprehends nonlinear relationships. ANFIS has been applied and practiced in various domains and provided solutions to commonly recurring problems with improved time and space complexity. Standard ANFIS has certain limitations such as high computational expense, loss of interpretability in larger inputs, curse of dimensionality, and selection of appropriate membership functions. This paper summarizes that the standard ANFIS is unsuitable for complex human tasks that require precise handling of machines and systems. The state‐of‐the‐art and practice research questions have been discussed, which primarily focus on the applicability of ANFIS in the diversifying field of engineering sciences. We conclude that the standard ANFIS architecture is vastly improved when amalgamated with metaheuristic techniques and further moderated with nature‐inspired algorithms through calibration and tuning of parameters. It is significant in adapting and automating complex engineering tasks that currently depend on human discretion, prominent in the mechanical, electrical, and geological fields.
Incentive or Punitive Measure? Analysis of Environmental Regulations in Construction and Demolition Waste Recycling
Authors: Yang Jingsong , Zhang Jing , Guo Chunxiang , Tan Ruwen , Yu Minjiu
Published: September 2021

In order to investigate the formulation of appropriate environmental regulations in construction and demolition waste (CDW) recycling, this paper establishes a CDW recycling decision-making system consisting of a contractor, a developer, and the government and analyses the decision-making results and influencing factors of the various stakeholders. Three different types of environmental regulations have been considered in the model: (i) no regulation, (ii) incentive regulation, and (iii) punitive regulation. The research shows that the incentive regulation offers the constructor greater incentives to recycle CDW and yields higher profits for members of the system, and however, when recycling is very costly and CDW is highly damaging, punitive regulation should be implemented, as the incentive regulation leads to lower social welfare. In addition, governments should be more cautious when adopting incentive regulation, because social welfare may be negative under this condition whereas there is no such possibility under the punitive regulation.
An EFQM-Fuzzy Network Data Envelopment Analysis Model for Efficiency Assessment in Organizations
Authors: Khosravi Alireza , Fallah Mohammad , Najafi Seyyed Esmaeil
Published: September 2021

One of the new concepts that have found a considerable position in many countries of the world is organizing EFQM organizational excellence models. Different organizations and institutions have been evaluated and compared on its basis, and the move towards improvement and promotion is strengthened in them due to creation of competitive space. The EFQM organizational excellence model cannot remove the managers’ and users’ need for the levels of quantitative goals’ operation solely. Thus, requirement for a tool which considers quantitative goals and present environment was felt, and in this manner, various assessment processes were created to be used in different organizations; one of the most important ones is the technique for Data Envelopment Analysis. Evaluating organization efficiency based on the EFQM model is one of the strategic managerial tools in many organizations. The classic DEA models were designed to work with deterministic data and cannot deal with uncertainties in their inputs. The techniques developed so far for fuzzy performance evaluation are also very limited. Given that the inputs and outputs of a real system are not always definite and accurate and that some data can only be expressed in vague verbal and subjective terms, the use of fuzzy sets in modeling is inevitable (Ali et al., 2019). In this paper, a Network Data Envelopment Analysis Model is proposed in fuzzy conditions for assessing units of an organization based on an organizational excellence model. The suggestive model utilizes the privileges of both Fuzzy Network Data Envelopment Analysis and EFQM organizational excellence models simultaneously in order to assess organization’s efficiency. The Fuzzy Network Data Envelopment Analysis model is able to calculate the whole organization’s efficiency as well as organization’s efficiency separately for various phases of the organizational excellence model. Another privilege of the suggested model is that it utilizes fuzzy theory and concepts for modeling and observance of existing noncertainties in the experts’ views while assessing organization’s excellence criteria. The EFQM-fuzzy network DEA model is applied for assessing a holding’s organizational units within the discipline of “project management.”
The Immunomodulatory Properties of Mesenchymal Stem Cells Play a Critical Role in Inducing Immune Tolerance after Liver Transplantation
Authors: Li Shao-wei , Cai Yue , Mao Xin-li , He Sai-qin , Chen Ya-hong , Yan Ling-ling , Zhou Jing-jing , Song Ya-qi , Ye Li-ping , Zhou Xian-bin
Published: September 2021

Although liver transplantation is considered to be the best choice for patients with end-stage liver diseases, postoperative immune rejection still cannot be overlooked. Patients with liver transplantation have to take immunosuppressive drugs for a long time or even their entire lives, in which heavy economic burden and side effects caused by the drugs have become the major impediment for liver transplantation. There is a growing body of evidences indicating that mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) transplantation, a promising tool in regenerative medicine, can be used as an effective way to induce immune tolerance after liver transplantation based on their huge expansion potential and unique immunomodulatory properties. MSCs have been reported to inhibit innate immunity and adaptive immunity to induce a tolerogenic microenvironment. In in vitro studies, transplanted MSCs show plasticity in immune regulation by altering their viability, migration, differentiation, and secretion in the interactions with the surrounding host microenvironment. In this review, we aim to provide an overview of the current understanding of immunomodulatory properties of MSCs in liver transplantation, to elucidate the potential mechanisms behind MSCs regulating immune response, especially in vivo and the influence of the microenvironment, and ultimately to discuss the feasible strategies to improve the clinical prognosis of liver transplantation. Only after exhaustive understanding of potential mechanisms of the MSC immunomodulation can we improve the safety and effectiveness of MSC treatment and achieve better therapeutic effects.
Influence of the Heating Temperature and Fineness on the Hydration and Mechanical Property of Recycled Gypsum Plaster
Authors: Li Zhixin , Xu Kaidong , Peng Jiahui , Wang Jina , Zhang Jianwu , Li Qingxiao
Published: September 2021

Influence of the heating temperature and fineness on the hydration and mechanical property of recycled gypsum plaster was investigated to find the suitable heating temperature and fineness. According to the results, the setting time of recycled gypsum plaster increased with the increase of heating temperature, and the mechanical strength increased first and then decreased at a temperature of 165°C. Therefore, the suitable heating temperature was 165°C, and at this time, the initial setting time and final setting time were 8 min and 12.5 min, respectively, which met the requirements of the Chinese standard of GB/T 9776‐2008. The strength of recycled gypsum plaster increased with the increase of specific surface area, and the low water to plaster ratio and high strength were achieved when the specific surface area was 1526 m2/kg. Therefore, it can be concluded that the suitable heating temperature was 165°C and the suitable specific surface area was 1526 m2/kg considering the properties and economics of recycled gypsum plaster.
Feedback Finite‐Time Stabilization of Impulsive Linear Systems over Piecewise Quadratic Domains
Authors: Huang Jing , Li Jianxing , Bu Linshan , Xu Honglei
Published: September 2021

This paper investigates the state feedback stabilization problem for a class of impulsive linear time‐varying systems over specified time intervals and piecewise quadratic domains (PQDs). First, concepts related to finite‐time stability and PQDs are given. Second, finite‐time stability analysis over PQDs is implemented, and a variety of stability conditions involving differential linear matrix inequalities are investigated. Then, computationally tractable stability conditions are established for the control design. Finally, an illustrative example is presented to show the effectiveness of the designed state feedback control.
An Experimental Investigation on the Mechanical Properties including Strength and Flexural Toughness of Mortar Reinforced with Steel‐Carbon Hybrid Fibers
Authors: Heo Gwang-Hee , Park Jong-Gun , Seo Dong-Ju , Jun Hyung-Min , Koh Sung-Gon
Published: September 2021

This paper presents the results of an experimental investigation conducted to evaluate the mechanical properties, including strength and flexural toughness of hybrid fiber‐reinforced mortar (FRM) containing various combinations of steel and carbon fibers with different material characteristics. The mortar specimens were mixed with steel and carbon fibers in the mix proportions of 100 + 0%, 75 + 25%, 50 + 50%, 25 + 75%, and 0 + 100% by volume at a total volume fraction of 1.0%. The flexural performance (flexural strength and toughness) of the mortar specimens was obtained using the third‐point loading arrangement stipulated in the test methods of ASTM C 1609/C 1609/M and KS F 2566. In addition, compressive strength was also measured according to the KS F ISO 679 test method. Their mechanical properties were examined and compared with plain mortar (PM) at the age of 28 days. The test results showed the highest compressive and flexural strengths in the hybrid FRM reinforced with 75% steel fibers + 25% carbon fibers, confirming the synergistic reinforcing effect of the steel and carbon hybrid fibers. However, the hybrid FRM reinforced with 50% steel fibers + 50% carbon fibers has obtained slightly low flexural strength but owned the highest flexural toughness and hence can be judged as the most appropriate combination to be employed in hybrid FRM to improve the flexural toughness. Moreover, the fractured FRM surface was also observed via scanning electron microscopy (SEM) after platinum coating in vacuum. These results would be of great help in establishing the microstructural mechanism of hybrid reinforcing fibers in the cement matrix.
Optimization of Distribution Path considering Cost and Customer Satisfaction under New Retail Modes
Authors: Wang Dengqing , Yang Yuting , Wang Yanhu
Published: September 2021

One of the top issues in logistics management and related research is to establish an effective distribution system that is adaptive to new retail and capable of lowering the cost of logistics while enhancing consumer satisfaction. Aimed at reversing the weak points of current logistics distribution patterns, a dual-objective bipolar model with optimal logistics cost and consumer satisfaction by restraining distribution time and load is tested in this paper to figure out the proper nodes and vehicle routes. Data from general and front warehouses of PuPu mall, a Fuzhou-based online retail enterprise, are made into a case study. Moreover, the immune algorithm and genetic algorithm are adopted to achieve the model solution. It is found that the immune algorithm is more efficient than the genetic algorithm in searching solutions, thus having better adaptivity and effectiveness, and also that the type of distribution vehicle plays a significant role in determining the total distribution cost.
Chronic Kidney Disease-Associated Pruritus: A Review
Authors: Makar Maria , Smyth Brendan , Brennan Frank
Published: September 2021

Background: Chronic kidney disease-associated pruritus (CKD-aP), also known as uraemic pruritus, is a disabling symptom for patients and a challenging condition for clinicians. Despite being common amongst end-stage kidney disease (ESKD) patients, it remains underestimated and underdiagnosed. The exact pathogenesis remains largely elusive, which hampers the synthesis of a definite treatment approach. Summary: Chronic pruritus (lasting 6 weeks or more in duration) is a common and potentially disabling symptom in patients with advanced CKD. A unified hypothesis of pathogenesis has not yet been concluded. Studies have shown changes in the immunochemical milieu of the skin in patients with CKD-aP with several inciting stimuli identified. However, other unrecognized factors are likely to be involved. This article will review the current observations and understanding of the postulated pathogenesis of CKD-aP, as well as the evidence for current management strategies. Key Messages: CKD-aP is a common and troubling symptom amongst ESKD patients that is associated with decreased quality of life and poor prognosis. Its exact pathogenesis, at the time of writing, is not well-understood. A stepwise approach is recommended for management. Systematic reviews show the largest body of evidence was found for the effectiveness of gabapentin. Comparison is needed between newly emerging pharmacological agents such as kappa-opioid receptor agonists and more established agents, such as the gabapentinoids. Finally, renal transplantation should be considered in severe and refractory cases who are suitable transplant candidates as it has shown an excellent outcome in most cases.
Is Normothermia Maintained in the Operating Room?
Authors: Cavdar Ikbal , Kandemir Didem , Seyhan Ak Ezgi , Akyuz Nuray
Published: September 2021

Background: Inadvertent hypothermia is one of the most common problems in the perioperative period. Providing and maintaining normothermia is very important in preventing inadvertent perioperative hypothermia as well as complications. Purpose: The aim of the study was to determine the knowledge and practices of operating room nurses to prevent hypothermia. Methods: A cross-sectional descriptive study was carried out in the operating rooms of 4 hospitals in Istanbul between July 2016 and September 2017. The sample consisted of a total of 95 participants who met the inclusion criteria. Data were collected by using a data collection form. Data collection forms were filled with face-to-face interview techniques. Results: According to this study, 84.2% of the participants did not receive any training to prevent hypothermia, 85.3% stated that it was very important to protect the patients from hypothermia, and 88.4% stated that there was no protocol on hypothermia in the hospital. Conlusions: The majority of the operating room nurses who participated in this study about determining the practices in maintaining normothermia in the operating room environment stated that they did not receive any training to prevent hypothermia, and the prevention of hypothermia was important. There was no common protocol used.
Paper, Plaster, Strings: Exploratory Material Mathematical Models between the 1860s and 1930s
Authors: Friedman Michael
Published: September 2021

Does the materiality of a three-dimensional model have an effect on how this model operates in an exploratory way, how it prompts discovery of new mathematical results? Material mathematical models were produced and used during the second half of the nineteenth century, visualizing mathematical objects, such as curves and surfaces—and these were produced from a variety of materials: paper, cardboard, plaster, strings, wood. However, the question, whether their materiality influenced the status of these models—considered as exploratory, technical, or representational—was hardly touched upon. This article aims to approach this question by investigating two case studies: Beltrami’s paper models vs. Dyck’s plaster ones of the hyperbolic plane; and Chisini’s string models of braids vs. Artin’s and Moishezon’s algebraization of these braids. These two case studies indicate that materiality might have a decisive role in how the model was taken into account mathematically: either as an exploratory or rather as a technical or pedagogical object.
On the Exploratory Function of Agent-Based Modeling
Authors: Kuhlmann Meinard
Published: September 2021

Agent-based models (ABM) derive the behavior of artificial socio-economic entities computationally from the actions of a large number of agents. One objection is that highly idealized ABMs fail to represent the real world in any reasonable sense. Another objection is that they at best show how observed patterns may have come about, because simulations are easy to produce and there is no evidence that this is really what happens. Moreover, different models may well yield the same result. I will rebut these objections by focusing on an often neglected, but crucial function of ABMs. Building on Gelfert’s (2016) account of the exploratory uses of scientific models I show that, in the absence of an accepted underlying theory, successful ABMs lend inductive support to assumptions concerning certain structural feutures of the behavioral rules employed. One core step towards this goal is what I call multiple-model robustness analysis.
“The Presence of Improper Females” Reforming Theater in Boston and Providence, 1820s–1840s
Authors: Lampert Sara E.
Published: September 2021

This article examples the class and gender politics of theater reform in Boston, MA and Providence, RI of the 1820s-1840s focused on the third tier and sex work or prostitution in theaters. Both regulatory campaigns and Christian or moral reform mobilized constructions of the prostitute as predator while encouraging new policing of working women.
A Demand Survey on the Priority of Agricultural College Students’ Core Competencies Required by Agriculturel Companies: A case study on G University
Authors: Park Yumin , Shin Yong-Wook
Published: September 2021

Background and objective As the agricultural industry becomes a more convergent industry, it is believed that the demand for human resources by companies will change. Therefore, a survey was conducted to investigate the human resources required by agriculture companies. Methods In the survey on 77 agriculture companies, 98.7% of respondents answered that new employees with a college degree needed additional training to adapt to practical affairs. Results The first priority of education was “community spirit” (22.1%) and the second priority was “convergence capability” (15.6%). The most important educational goal desired by agricultural companies was “cultivating human resources with community spirit and ethical judgment”, followed by “cultivating human resources with serious communication and problem-solving skills”, and “cultivating human resources with scientific thinking and unique creative imagination.” Sub-competencies that companies want agricultural colleges to strengthen were “community spirit” 4.32(SD=0.96), “desirable values” 4.30 (SD = 1.05), “sympathy” 4.28 (SD = 0.95), “convergence capability” 4.16 (SD = 0.88), “creativity” 4.11 (SD = 0.83), “civic spirit” 4.10 (SD = 0.91), and “rational/critical thinking” 3.94 (SD = 1.04). There was a significant difference in sub-competencies that require reinforcement depending on the number of full-time employees. “Creativity” was most necessary in companies with less than 3 employees (4.39), and 4~7 employees (4.33), and “aesthetics”“ in companies with less than 3 employees (3.94), and 4–7 employees (3.61) “Civic spirit” was most necessary in companies with 31 employees or more (4.33). Conclusion The most important educational goal desired by companies was “cultivating human resources with community spirit and ethical judgment”.
Scale-bearing beauty: Intertidal scale-worms (Polychaeta: Polynoidae) from Punta Blanca (Arequipa, Peru)
Authors: VALENCIA-SOTO DAVID
Published: September 2021

Three species of polynoid polychaetes were collected during an exploratory sampling on the rocky shore of Punta Blanca in Arequipa, Peru. Lepidonotus aff. crosslandi peruana Hartmann-Schröder, 1962 differed from the nominal species by the presence of jaws without denticles and bidentate neurochaetae in the third parapodium while Harmothoe aff. hirsuta Johnson, 1897, differed by a disparate distribution of elytral ornamentations. Halosydna parva Kinberg, 1856 is newly recorded for the locality. Comparative tables between Lepidonotus, Halosydna and Harmothoe species recorded for Peru and the Pacific Coast of South America are provided.
A new species of Paralaophonte Lang 1948 (Harpacticoida: Laophontidae), with notes on the phylogeny of the genus and its relationships with Loureirophonte Jakobi 1953 using Bayesian inference
Authors: GÓMEZ SAMUEL , NAZARI FATEMEH
Published: September 2021

Early studies during the 1990’s supported a close relationship between the genera Paralaophonte and Loureirophonte. Subsequent studies carried out during the first decade of the 2000’s suggested the monophyly of the latter and that it could be nested within Paralaophonte, rendering the latter paraphyletic. However, efforts to synonymize these two genera were hampered by the lack of phylogenetic analyses at the species level. Here we describe a new species of Paralaophonte from north-western Mexico, P. ullama sp. nov., and we formally synonymize Loureirophonte with Paralaophonte for which we propose two monophyletic subgenera, Pa. (Paralaophonte) and Pa. (Loureirophonte).

                The detection of the species most closely related to P. ullama sp. nov. is controversial. Our Bayesian analysis indicates that the new species might be related to Pa. (Pa.) gurneyi, and to Pa. (Pa.) ormieresi and Pa. (Pa.) septemarticulata, with which they form a larger clade supported by a very low Bayesian Posterior Probability value. However, the precise nature of the relationship between the new species and Pa. (Pa.) gurneyi is hampered by the gap in our knowledge of the armature formulae of the swimming legs of the latter, and by the lack of the male of the new species. On the other hand, the new species share several characters with Pa. (Pa.) problematica, Pa. (Pa.) pacificavicinum, Pa. (Pa.) pacificaemulator, and Pa. (Pa.) pacifica, with which it might be related. Our Bayesian analysis of forty-two morphological characters at the species level confirmed earlier suspicions about the relationships between Paralaophonte and Loureirophonte, the latter being nested within the former, and showed the monophyly of the Paralaophonte-Loureirophonte clade with high Bayesian Posterior Probability value, thus confirming the synonymy of these genera. The Paralaophonte-Loureirophonte clade is defined by the synapomorphic dimorphism in the second endopodal segment of the second swimming leg of the male. We did not detect any (aut)apomorphy for Pa. (Paralaophonte). Paralaophonte (Loureirophonte) is defined by the presence of one seta only on the second endopodal segment of the second swimming leg, and the one-segmented endopod of the fourth swimming leg.
Symmetric Instability in Cross-Equatorial Western Boundary Currents
Authors: Goldsworth Fraser W. , Marshall David P. , Johnson Helen L.
Published: September 2021

The upper limb of the Atlantic meridional overturning circulation draws waters with negative potential vorticity from the Southern Hemisphere into the Northern Hemisphere. The North Brazil Current is one of the cross-equatorial pathways in which this occurs: upon crossing the equator, fluid parcels must modify their potential vorticity to render them stable to symmetric instability and to merge smoothly with the ocean interior. In this work a linear stability analysis is performed on an idealized western boundary current, dynamically similar to the North Brazil Current, to identify features that are indicative of symmetric instability. Simple two-dimensional numerical models are used to verify the results of the stability analysis. The two-dimensional models and linear stability theory show that symmetric instability in meridional flows does not change when the nontraditional component of the Coriolis force is included, unlike in zonal flows. Idealized three-dimensional numerical models show anticyclonic barotropic eddies being spun off as the western boundary current crosses the equator. These eddies become symmetrically unstable a few degrees north of the equator, and their PV is set to zero through the action of the instability. The instability is found to have a clear fingerprint in the spatial Fourier transform of the vertical kinetic energy. An analysis of the water mass formation rates suggest that symmetric instability has a minimal effect on water mass transformation in the model calculations; however, this may be the result of unresolved dynamics, such as secondary Kelvin–Helmholtz instabilities, which are important in diabatic transformation.
Unified ensemble mean forecasting of tropical cyclones based on the feature-oriented mean method
Authors: Zhang Jing , Feng Jie , Li Hong , Zhu Yuejian , Zhi Xiefei , Zhang Feng
Published: September 2021

Operational and research applications generally use the consensus approach for forecasting the track and intensity of tropical cyclones (TCs) due to the spatial displacement of the TC location and structure in ensemble member forecasts. This approach simply averages the location and intensity information for TCs in individual ensemble members, which is distinct from the traditional pointwise arithmetic mean (AM) method for ensemble forecast fields. The consensus approach, despite having improved skills relative to the AM in predicting the TC intensity, cannot provide forecasts of the TC spatial structure. We introduced a unified TC ensemble mean forecast based on the feature-oriented mean (FM) method to overcome the inconsistency between the AM and consensus forecasts. FM spatially aligns the TC-related features in each ensemble field to their geographical mean positions before the amplitude of their features is averaged.

We select 219 TC forecast samples during the summer of 2017 for an overall evaluation of the FM performance. The results show that the TC track consensus forecasts can differ from AM track forecasts by hundreds of kilometers at long lead times. AM also gives a systematic and statistically significant underestimation of the TC intensity compared with the consensus forecast. By contrast, FM has a very similar TC track and intensity forecast skill to the consensus approach. FM can also provide the corresponding ensemble mean forecasts of the TC spatial structure that are significantly more accurate than AM for the low- and upper-level circulation in TCs. The FM method has the potential to serve as a valuable unified ensemble mean approach for the TC prediction.
The Working of Cooperative and Collaborative Federalism in India: Understanding Intergovernmental Relations
Authors: Saxena Rekha
Published: September 2021

A federal constitution is based on at least two levels of governments— federal/union and provincial/state—which are generally constitutionally assigned exclusive as well as concurrent dominions, in addition to the residual powers. Consequently, union–state coordination is indispensable to negotiate and devise joint policies in field of shared jurisdictions. Moreover, such coordination is also essential for exclusive jurisdiction apparently because in the eras of ‘cooperative federalism’ and ‘collaborative federalism’, the federal government frequently utilises its usually bigger revenues to introduce centrally sponsored schemes of development and social policies with approval of state governments. These schemes may be entirely or partially financed by the union and executed by the states. Besides, residual powers or new policy areas that may emerge also need union–state cooperation, even though they are judicially adjudicated to go to any of the two levels of government. In an era of intergovernmental and global interdependence, functional link of governance may require cooperative action by different levels of governments besides the civil society organisations.
Research on the process planning and multi-method integration strategy of product conceptual design with cognitive mechanisms
Authors: Yan-Jian Wan , Jun Wang , Yong-Wei Wang , Xin-Fa Du , Sheng-Long Xie , Zi-Liang Chen
Published: September 2021

Innovative product design is essentially an activity involving creative cognitive thinking. Therefore, research on the innovative design process and of methods, computer-aided innovation tools should be conducted based on systematic exploration based on the principles of innovative cognitive thinking. We aim to uncover some general principles that can serve as a systematic thinking framework for product designers, provide a feasible framework and method of innovative thinking for designers, and provide theoretical and methodological support for further development of computer-aided innovation platforms. This paper summarizes the sources and content of studies on the idea generation and design processes behind product innovation. Specifically, we break down the general innovative design process of products, outlining the cognitive mechanisms and propose an integrated application strategy that incorporates multiple methods. And taking “the solution program to the coking of oily sludge pyrolysis equipment” as an example, this paper demonstrated and verified the effectiveness and practicability of the method and strategy proposed. Based on the results on improvements in the equipment, the designers put forward some creative and implementable design schemes. The entire thinking process was relatively smooth and efficient. The example presented in this paper shows that the proposed method can effectively guide/assist/motivate designers to think creatively.
Godly Diversions and Gifted Teachers: Learning Joyful Stewardship from the Birds and the Lilies with Søren Kierkegaard
Authors: Marcar G. P.
Published: September 2021

In Matthew 6 and Luke 12, Christ instructs his listeners to consider the “birds of the air” and “lilies of the field.” For Martin Luther, this instruction essentially amounts to a reprimand: as human beings are naturally dominant over non-rational animals, Christ’s instruction to learn from these creatures is intended to elicit guilt and shame. Against this backdrop, I explore a fundamentally different interpretation in Søren Kierkegaard’s “Godly,” “Upbuilding,” and “Christian” discourses with normative implications for humanity’s reciprocity with other animals.
From Luminosity to Love: Metaphysics and Empathy in Hearer of the Word
Authors: Duns Ryan
Published: September 2021

Can a metaphysical argument for God’s existence warrant affirming not only that God is but that God is, and creates out of, love? In Hearer of the Word, Karl Rahner makes such an argument. After reaffirming the distinctively metaphysical character of Rahner’s philosophy of religion, the article revisits his cosmological argument’s attempt to ground the intelligibility of being in God’s love. Drawing on the work of Edith Stein, I identify an implicit “empathic logic” at work in Rahner’s metaphysics, a logic that enables him to recognize the givenness and intelligibility of creation as an expression of God’s love.
Health Disparities in Otology: A PRISMA‐Based Systematic Review
Authors: Lovett Braeden , Welschmeyer Alexandra , Johns James Dixon , Mowry Sarah , Hoa Michael
Published: September 2021

Objective

Social determinants of health (SDOHs), including but not limited to sex, race, socioeconomic status, insurance status, and education level, play a significant role in health disparities and affect health outcomes. The purpose of this systematic review is to examine health disparities in otology within the United States and highlight areas warranting further research.

Data Sources

PubMed, Ovid MEDLINE.

Review Methods

Our search encompassed all years through January 10, 2021. All peer‐reviewed primary literature of any design and publication date regarding health disparities and otology outcomes in the United States was eligible for inclusion. Eligibility assessment was performed via 3 independent investigators.

Results

Of the 6326 unique abstracts identified, 188 studies underwent full‐text review, and 52 remained in the final review. The most frequently examined otologic condition was hearing loss (36.5%), followed by cochlear implantation (28.8%) and infection/effusion (15.4%). Vertigo/dizziness (1.9%), Ménière’s disease (1.9%), and tinnitus (1.9%) were the least represented otologic conditions. Comprehensive articles on multiple disparity topics were the most common (n = 18), followed by articles on race/ethnicity (n = 11) and socioeconomic status (n = 9). Language (n = 2), education (n = 2), and gender (n = 1) were the least discussed. Over 5‐fold the number of articles were published between 2011 and 2020 compared to the preceding decade (42 vs 8).

Conclusion

This study captures the existing literature regarding health disparities and outcomes in otology. The lack of robust data suggests the need for future quality studies aimed at investigating disparities in otologic care, as well as a broader push for recording and reporting SDOHs.
Pathologic characterization of canine multiple system degeneration in the Ibizan hound
Authors: St. Jean Samantha C. , Jortner Bernard S. , Doan Ryan N. , Dindot Scott V. , Johnson Gary S. , Bullock Garrett , Whitley Derick B. , Levine Jonathan M. , Hancock Sandra K. , Ambrus Andy , Porter Brian F.
Published: September 2021

Canine multiple system degeneration (CMSD) is a progressive hereditary neurodegenerative disorder commonly characterized by neuronal degeneration and loss in the cerebellum, olivary nuclei, substantia nigra, and caudate nuclei. In this article, we describe 3 cases of CMSD in Ibizan hounds. All patients exhibited marked cerebellar ataxia and had cerebellar atrophy on magnetic resonance imaging. At necropsy, all cases showed varying degrees of cerebellar atrophy, and 2 cases had gross cavitation of the caudate nuclei. Histologic findings included severe degeneration and loss of all layers of the cerebellum and neuronal loss and degeneration within the olivary nuclei, substantia nigra, and caudate nuclei. Pedigree analysis indicated an autosomal recessive mode of inheritance, but the causative gene in this breed is yet to be identified. CMSD resembles human multiple system atrophy and warrants further investigation.
Departure Time Choice in Schedule-Based Transit Assignment
Authors: Friedrich Markus , Schmaus Matthias , Sauer Jonas , Zündorf Tobias
Published: September 2021

This paper investigates existing departure time models for a schedule-based transit assignment and their parametrization. It analyzes the impact of the temporal resolution of travel demand and suggests functions for evaluating the adaptation time as part of the utility of a path. The adaptation time quantifies the time between the preferred and the scheduled departure times. The findings of the analysis suggested that travel demand should be discretized into intervals of 1 min, with interval borders right between the full minute, that is, ±0.5 min. It was shown that longer time intervals led to arbitrary run volumes, even for origin–destination pairs with just one transit line and a fixed headway. Although a linear relationship between adaptation time and adaptation disutility is a common assumption in several publications, it cannot represent certain types of passenger behavior. For some trip purposes, passengers may be insensitive to small adaptation times, but highly sensitive to large adaptations. This requires a nonlinear evaluation function.
Comparison of Impella 5.0 and extracorporeal left ventricular assist device in patients with cardiogenic shock
Authors: Kondo Toru , Morimoto Ryota , Mutsuga Masato , Fujimoto Kazuro , Okumura Takahiro , Shibata Naoki , Kazama Shingo , Kimira Yuki , Oishi Hideo , Kuwayama Tasuku , Hiraiwa Hiroaki , Usui Akihiko , Murohara Toyoaki
Published: September 2021

Introduction:

Choice of mechanical circulatory support to stabilize hemodynamics until cardiac recovery or next treatment is a strategic cornerstone for improving outcomes in patients with severe cardiogenic shock. We aimed to clarify the difference in treatment course and outcomes with the use of Impella 5.0 and an extracorporeal left ventricular assist device (eLVAD) in patients with cardiogenic shock refractory to medical therapy or other mechanical circulatory support.

Methods:

We performed a retrospective medical record review of consecutive patients who were implanted with Impella 5.0 or eLVAD as a bridge to decision at our medical center.

Results:

A total of 26 patients (median age 40 years, 16 males) were analyzed. Of seven patients managed with Impella 5.0, the Impella 5.0 was removed successfully in two patients and five patients underwent surgery for durable LVAD implantation. Of 19 patients managed with eLVAD, the eLVAD was successfully removed in 3 patients, 9 patients required durable LVAD, and 7 patients died during eLVAD management. The period between Impella 5.0 or eLVAD implantation to durable LVAD surgery was significantly shorter with Impella 5.0 (58 vs 235 days, p = 0.001). Cardiopulmonary bypass time was significantly shorter and a significantly smaller amount of red blood cell transfusion was required with Impella 5.0 (149 vs 192 min, p = 0.042; 7.0 vs 15.0 units, p = 0.019). There were four massive stroke events with eLVAD, but no massive stroke event with Impella 5.0.

Conclusion:

Impella 5.0 facilitates smoother management as a bridge to decision and reduces surgical invasiveness during durable LVAD implantation.
When Industry Diversity Meets Walkability: An Analysis of Innovation in Baltimore, United States, and Melbourne, Australia
Authors: Fang Li , Rao Fujie
Published: September 2021

We tested Jane Jacobs’ seminal finding—industry diversity and walkability contribute to urban innovation—at the walkable scale using the cases of Baltimore, United States, and Melbourne, Australia. We found that walkable urban form stimulates knowledge spillovers among workers of different industries, leading to innovation. One standard deviation increase in industry diversity in one-square-kilometer grids is associated with 1.3 to 3.4 more patent applications in Baltimore, and 0.4 to 0.9 more in Melbourne. If combined with a standard deviation increase in walkability, these benefits can be further magnified by 0.5 to 1.1 patent applications in Baltimore, and 0.2 in Melbourne.
Victimization and Resilience: Experiences of Rural LGBTQ+ Youth Across Multiple Contexts
Authors: Wike Traci L. , Bouchard Leah M. , Kemmerer Aaron , Yabar Mauricio P.
Published: September 2021

LGBTQ+ youth experience higher rates of interpersonal violence, such as peer-based bullying and identity-based harassment, than their counterparts. Experiences of victimization can occur across different social contexts including family, school, peers, and community. LGBTQ+ youth in rural communities may be at increased risk for identity-based victimization due in part to geographic isolation and an often conservative value system that may create a hostile environment to LGBTQ+ individuals. However, few studies have examined the experiences of rural LGBTQ+ youth from their perspectives, and how the rural context may affect their experiences with victimization and social support. This qualitative study explores the victimization experiences of rural LGBTQ+ youth, the supports available to them, and ways they show resilience. We conducted qualitative interviews with a sample of 11 young people ages 12-21, recruited in partnership with a local LGBTQ+ agency across a rural five county region in the Southeastern United States. Four themes emerged related to how rural youth navigate bullying, harassment, and victimization across different social contexts and the support that is available to them: (1) conflicting family messages, (2) navigating personal safety at school, (3) connecting through technology, and (4) confronting negative religious sentiment. A fifth theme captures the strengths of young people in the mid of victimization: (5) demonstrating individual and collective resilience. Although rural LGBTQ+ youth experience victimization in similar ways to urban and suburban youth, rural youth may have less access to social supports that buffer effects of victimization. This study highlights the strengths in rural LGBTQ+ young people as well as their commitment to supporting one another and seeing change in their communities. Findings illustrate a need for greater support for LGBTQ+ youth in rural areas while leveraging existing strength of the youth and their community for sustainable support and resources.
Profile vortex shedding from low-speed axial fan rotor blades: a modelling overview
Authors: Daku Gábor , Vad János
Published: September 2021

This paper presents an overview of the characteristics potentially influencing the profile vortex shedding (PVS) phenomenon being relevant in noise and vibration of low-speed axial fan rotor blades. Dimensional analysis has been applied to explore the essential dimensionless quantities in a systematic and comprehensive manner. On this basis, limitations have been established, and simplifying assumptions have been set up in terms of PVS investigation. Groups of dimensionless characteristics playing a role in the semi-empirical model for predicting the PVS frequency were identified. The available semi-empirical model and its unique features related to the measurement evaluation methodology and Reynolds number dependence have been outlined. The presented comprehensive analysis provides guidelines from the perspective of transferability of the literature data on PVS from steady, isolated blade profile models to low-speed axial fan rotors. It also results in the formulation of objectives of future research related to PVS.
Review of standards for near infrared spectroscopy methods
Authors: Yang Zengling , Cai Linwei , Han Lujia , Fan Xia , Liu Xian
Published: September 2021

After half a century of development, near infrared spectroscopy has now reached a relatively mature position. It is widely used in agriculture, food, petrochemical, and pharmaceutical fields and plays an increasingly important role in industrial and agricultural production and commercial trade. The development of Standards based on NIR spectroscopy represents the degree of recognition of the technology and applications. This article reviews domestic and global near infrared spectroscopy Standards in order to collate the myriad of existing standards in one listing.
Book review: Gopal Guru and Sundar Sarukkai, Experience, Caste and Everyday Social
Authors: Pathak Dev Nath
Published: September 2021

Gopal Guru and Sundar Sarukkai, Experience, Caste and Everyday Social. New Delhi: Oxford University Press, 2019, 257 pp., ₹1,100. ISBN: 9780199496051.
Working towards success in the Royal Australian and New Zealand College of Psychiatrists Modified Essay Question Exam
Authors: Parker Stephen , Freier Karen , Gallagher Erin , Cutbush Jimsie , Suetani Shuichi
Published: September 2021

Objective:

To describe an approach to support Royal Australian and New Zealand College of Psychiatrists (RANZCP) trainees achieve success in the Modified Essay Question (MEQ) examination.

Method:

Synthesis of the opinion of the authorship encompassing a range of relevant stakeholders, supported by a qualitative content analysis of published examination feedback from the RANZCP Committee for Examinations.

Results:

In approaching the MEQs, candidates are encouraged to (1) read the scenario and questions carefully, (2) answer questions broadly and with justification, (3) manage time effectively, (4) undertake deliberate practice in preparation, and (5) ‘check your own pulse’ (i.e. limit the detrimental impact of anxiety on performance).

Conclusion:

Preparing for the MEQ examination through deliberate practice will help candidates become competent psychiatrists. The ability to critically think in clinical practice, a key focus of this assessment, is an essential skill all psychiatrists need to develop and maintain.
The effectiveness of a short-term DBT skills group in a ‘real-world’ clinical setting
Authors: Wieczorek Martin , Kacen Tamara , King Bradley , Wilhelm Kay
Published: September 2021

Objective:

This study evaluated the effectiveness of a short-term outpatient DBT (DBT-S) skills group for individuals experiencing pervasive emotion dysregulation (PED).

Method:

Pre-and post-group outcome data consisted of self-report measures and six-month Mental Health admissions and Emergency Department presentations.

Results:

Group completers reported significant improvements in psychological distress, depression, borderline symptomatology and functional impairment, increases in ‘skills use’ and decreases in ‘dysfunctional coping’, associated with symptomatic improvement. There were reduced numbers of Mental Health presentations and admissions between six months pre- and post-group.

Conclusion:

Findings support emerging evidence for DBT-S as an effective, viable treatment for PED.