bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
NOTATION TOOLS OF BUSINESS MODELING OF THE SERVICES ON REAL ESTATE MARKET
Authors: Mishlanova Marina Yur’evna
Published: September 2016

The article is devoted to the development of the main provisions of realtor business modeling. In the paper the development of notational complex is presented, which is involved in the design of the conceptual model, the formation of a reference model of real estate business and basic rules for the implementation of the model. In the construction of the proposed model important notational aspects are highlighted. Functional orientation of real estate business for rendering services reflects a functional approach to business modeling. In order to ensure the assessment of the offered services it is proposed to implement a nested model of the object. A reasonable functional approach using object-based elements allows optimizing the processes of business modeling and assessment of the results. The article discusses functional modeling of business, focusing on the results. Synchronizing the functional model with the models of business processes and sub-models of objects, in particular, the model of business result, contributes to the improvement of the notations tools. The article presents the adaptation of the template of the business model to the conditions of the realtor activity. The proposed reference model specifies the logical scheme of decomposition activity, which detaches economic, social and other values. The decomposition of services into functional groups with account for individual values and functional modules is presented: buying and selling real estate; mortgages and loans; rent of residential and commercial property; an independent evaluation of real estate; consultations concerning the issues of real estate transactions. In the focus of the results of business processes and performance standards of realtor organizations transitional notation to the evaluation system efficiency of business performance is developed. The simplest method of feedback for assessing customer satisfaction and, consequently, system efficiency is offered. This method can become the basis for the development of metrics processes, which are implemented to meet customers’ demands and achieve business objectives of a realtor organization.
Apresentação.
Authors: Rosas Suzana Cavani , Christillino Cristiano Luís , Cabral George Félix
Published: September 2016

Apresentação.
Monarquia federativa e democrática: O Congresso Liberal de 1889 e os sentidos do reformismo nos momentos finais do Império
Authors: Nicoletti Ribeiro Filipe
Published: September 2016

No presente artigo, pretende-se abordar o projeto reformista esposado pelo Partido Liberal em fins da década de 1880. Tal projeto, levando em consideração as tradicionais bandeiras do partido e as exigências de um momento de profunda conflagração social e tensão política, ganhou tons acentuadamente reformistas e, nas palavras dos próprios contemporâneos, “democráticos”. Assentado após o Congresso do partido, que ocorreu em maio de 1889, na capital do Império, previa, entre outras reformas, a vigorosa expansão do sufrágio, a ampliação da autonomia provincial, a reforma do Estado, a plena liberdade de manifestação e de cultos, o casamento civil obrigatório e a facilitação do acesso à terra.
Does Incentive-Based Compensation for Chief Internal Auditors Impact Objectivity? An External Audit Risk Perspective
Authors: Chen Lucy Huajing , Chung Hyeesoo H. (Sally) , Peters Gary F. , Wynn Jinyoung P. (Jeannie)
Published: September 2016

This paper considers the potential impact of internal audit incentive-based compensation (IBC) linked to company performance on the external auditor's assessment of internal audit objectivity. We posit that external auditors will view IBC as a potential threat to internal audit objectivity, thus reducing the extent of reliance on the work of internal auditors and increasing the assessment of control risk. The increase in risk and external auditor effort should result in higher audit fees. We hypothesize that the form of incentive-based compensation, namely stock-based versus cash bonuses, moderates the association between IBC and external audit fee. Finally, we consider whether underlying financial reporting risk mitigates the external auditor's potential sensitivity to IBC. We find a positive association between external audit fees and internal audit compensation based upon company performance. The association is acute to IBC paid in stock or stock options as opposed to cash bonuses. We also find evidence consistent with the IBC associations being mitigated by the company's financial reporting risks.

Data Availability: Individual survey responses are confidential. All other data are derived from publicly available sources.
Antimicrobial resistance of Neisseria gonorrhoeae isolates in south-west Germany, 2004 to 2015: increasing minimal inhibitory concentrations of tetracycline but no resistance to third-generation cephalosporins
Authors: Regnath Thomas , Mertes Thomas , Ignatius Ralf
Published: September 2016

Increasing antimicrobial resistance of Neisseria gonorrhoeae, particularly to third-generation cephalosporins, has been reported in many countries. We examined the susceptibility (determined by Etest and evaluated using the breakpoints of the European Committee on Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing) of 434 N. gonorrhoeae isolates collected from 107 female and 327 male patients in Stuttgart, south-west Germany, between 2004 and 2015. During the study period, high proportions of isolates were resistant to ciprofloxacin (70.3%), tetracycline (48.4%; increasing from 27.5% in 2004/2005 to 57.7% in 2014/2015; p = 0.0002) and penicillin (25.6%). The proportion of isolates resistant to azithromycin was low (5.5%) but tended to increase (p = 0.08). No resistance and stable minimum inhibitory concentrations were found for cefixime, ceftriaxone, and spectinomycin. High-level resistance was found for ciprofloxacin (39.6%) and tetracycline (20.0%) but not for azithromycin; 16.3% of the isolates produced betalactamase. Thus, cephalosporins can still be used for the treatment of gonorrhoea in the study area. To avoid further increasing resistance to azithromycin, its usage should be limited to patients allergic to cephalosporins, or (in combination with cephalosporins) to patients for whom no susceptibility testing could be performed or those co-infected with chlamydiae.
ESPON FIT: Functional Indicators for Spatial-Aware Policy-Making
Authors: Commenges Hadrien , Giraud Timothée , Lambert Nicolas
Published: September 2016

The framework of this paper is the development of an online application that displays various maps based on the concept of functional indicators. Target users are European stakeholders who are not familiar with statistical procedures or spatial analysis. The proposed tool is conceived to fulfill three main needs: (1) producing a simplified and coherent representation of spatial patterns, (2) computing indicators in a context-aware approach, (3) embedding those functionalities in a user-friendly platform.
Validating the Predictive Accuracy of the Static Factors Assessment (SFA) Risk Scale for Federally Sentenced Offenders in Canada
Authors: Helmus L. Maaike , Forrester Trina
Published: September 2016

The Static Factors Assessment (SFA) is used by the Correctional Service of Canada to assess criminal risk. It includes 137 items in three sub-components: the Criminal History Record (CHR), Offence Severity Record (OSR), and Sex Offence History Checklist; the first two sub-components are examined in this study (109 items). Although the SFA has been used for all federal offenders for nearly 20 years, there are no studies examining its ability to predict community outcomes. This study included 8,767 federal offenders within a five-year follow-up period, and it examined revocations without an offence, readmissions for any offence, and readmissions for a violent offence. The overall SFA, CHR, and OSR were related to recidivism outcomes, although the sum of the items in the CHR significantly out-predicted the overall SFA rating. Most items in the CHR had significant predictive accuracy, whereas roughly half the OSR items were predictive; nonetheless, the OSR added positive incremental validity to the CHR. The SFA overall rating and the CHR and OSR sub-components are valid for offender risk assessment with Canadian federal offenders, although the current results suggest that improvements to the SFA should be undertaken.
Aetiology and Outcome of Acute Kidney Failure In Bangladeshi Children  Dhaka Medical College Hospital Experience
Authors: Afroz Shireen , Simi Maliha Alam , Sharmim Shanjida , Khanum Rokeya , Yeasmin Laila , Kundo LC , Ahmed Abu Saleh , Rahman Farzana
Published: September 2016

Background: Acute Kidney Failure (AKF) is the acute loss of kidney function over hours or days, the aetiology of which varies in different countries.Objectives: The study was aimed to find out the aetiology and see the immediate outcome of AKF in children in a tertiary level teaching hospital in Bangladesh.Methods: This prospective observational study was conducted from June 2011 to December 2012 in the Paediatric Nephrology Department of Dhaka Medical College Hospital, Dhaka. AKF was evidenced by presence of any two: serum creatinine raised >3 fold from the baseline, urine output <0.3ml/kg/hr for 24 hours or anuria for 12 hours. A total of 50 children with AKF were evaluated regarding their socio-demographic and clinical data. All underwent intermittent peritoneal dialysis and other necessary supportive care as needed. They were followed up for 3 months after enrolment.Results: Age of the children ranged from 5 days to 12 years. Among them, 33 were male and 17 female. Majority of the patient were from rural area and from a poor socioeconomic status. Out of 50 children majority (76%) were under 5 year age. The aetiology of AKF was mainly prerenal 66%, followed by renal 32 %, post renal 2%children. Among the pre-renal AKF 68% were due to diarrheal complications,12% neonatal AKF were due to severe perinatal asphyxia (PNA). Haemolytic uraemic syndrome, wasp envenomation and acute glomerulonephritis were the common renal causes of AKF. Post-renal cause of AKF was due to posterior urethral valve. The overall 38(76%) survived with normal renal functions, 10(20%) died and 2(4%) developed chronic kidney disease. The higher mortality rate was due to late referral, multi organ failure and severe degree of renal failure.Conclusion: This study suggests that diarrhoeal disease was the major cause of paediatric AKF. AKF is more common in infancy and associated with increased mortality. Common cause of neonatal AKF is severe perinatal asphyxia.J Dhaka Medical College, Vol. 24, No.2, October, 2015, Page 86-91
Surgical Outcome of Chronic Subdural Haematoma: An Analysis of 300 Cases
Authors: Das Sukriti , Sarkar Asit Chandra , Islam Md Rafiqul , Islam Md Manirul
Published: September 2016

Chronic Subdural Heamatoma (CSDH) is defined as collection of blood in the brains surface, subdural space between dura and arachnoid. It is one of the most common clinical entities in daily neurosurgical practice among the elders, several weeks after the head injury. CSDH doesnt always produce symptoms but when it does, it generally requires surgical treatment. The diagnosis and treatment are well established, but the cause of recurrence, complications and related factors are not completely understood. This study evaluated the clinical features, radiological findings and surgical results in a large series of patients treated at the Neurosurgery department of Dhaka Medical College Hospital. 300 consecutive patients (250 men and 50 women) age ranging from 30-85 years, GCS 5-15, volume of blood >25cc, symptomatic with CSDH were treated by one or two burr hole craniostomies. Haematoma cavity was irrigated with normal saline and closed system subdural drainage was continued for 1-2 days from January 2012 to December 2015. The clinical outcome was measure on 1st, 3rd, 5th and 7th POD using GCS scoring and GOS after 4 and 8 weeks of operations. Most patients 94%(282) had good recovery (GOS 5,4,3), 4%(12) showed no changes (GOS 2) and 2%(6) worsened (GOS 1). Recurrence of haematoma was recognized in 5%(15) patients 1-8 weeks after the first operation. 4%(12) patients suffered post operative complications of which 1.33%(4)patients were acute subdural haematoma caused by incomplete haemostasis of the scalp wound, 1.33%(4)patients were tension pneumocephalus and remaining due to hypertension, use of anticoagulants, poor general health and medical problems. Careful haemostasis and complete replacement of subdural haematoma with normal saline to prevent influx of air into the subdural space will further improve the surgical outcome for patients with CSDH.J Dhaka Medical College, Vol. 24, No.2, October, 2015, Page 126-131
Criss-Cross: Identity and Transformation in Re-reading Billy Elliot
Authors: Miller Jacqui
Published: September 2016

Billy Elliot (2000) has been widely recognised as an important British film of the post-Thatcher period. It has been analysed using multiple disciplinary methodologies, but almost always from the theoretical frameworks of class and gender/sexuality. The film has sometimes been used not so much as a focus of analysis itself but as a conduit for exploring issues such as class deprivation or neo-liberal politics and economics. Such studies tend to use the film's perceived shortcomings as a starting point to critique society's wider failings to interrogate constructions of gender and sexuality. This article argues that an examination of the identity formation of some of the film's subsidiary characters shows how fluidity and transformation are key to the film's opening up of a jouissance which is enabled by but goes beyond its central character.
Unbearable Lightness: Some Modern Instances in Auden, Stevens and Eliot
Authors: Sharpe Tony
Published: September 2016

In this essay I examine the implicit paradox that, although in conventional consideration ‘light’ is good and ‘darkness’, by antithesis, bad, the antithesis itself implies interconnection and, especially in poetry, the evocation of light can equally imply the possibility of darkness. Further, I suggest that poets have found intermediate or qualified illumination to be a more productive resource than light unmoderated by shadow, whose erasure of uncertainty is potentially disabling. My principal examples are drawn from modern poetry, in W. H. Auden, Wallace Stevens and T. S. Eliot, preceded by a consideration of some nineteenth-century precursors; by means of these I show how their verse takes animation from the transient and transitional aspects of light, rather than from its plenitude. The implications of this, in a culture shaped by traditional Christian associations between ‘God’ and ‘light’, are suggestive throughout the essay, but become especially resonant in the case of Eliot's overtly Christian poetry.
The Rescue and Rehabilitation of Koalas (Phascolarctos cinereus) in Southeast Queensland
Authors: Burton Emily , Tribe Andrew
Published: September 2016

Koala populations in southeast Queensland are under threat from many factors, particularly habitat loss, dog attack, vehicle trauma and disease. Animals not killed from these impacts are often rescued and taken into care for rehabilitation, and eventual release back to the wild if deemed to be healthy. This study investigated current rescue, rehabilitation and release data for koalas admitted to the four major wildlife hospitals in southeast Queensland (Australia Zoo Wildlife Hospital (AZWH), Currumbin Wildlife Sanctuary Hospital (CWH), Moggill Koala Hospital (MKH) and the Royal Society for the Prevention Against Cruelty to Animals Wildlife Hospital at Wacol (RSPCA)), and suggests aspects of the practice that may be changed to improve its contribution to the preservation of the species. It concluded that: (a) the main threats to koalas across southeast Queensland were related to urbanization (vehicle collisions, domestic animal attacks and the disease chlamydiosis); (b) case outcomes varied amongst hospitals, including time spent in care, euthanasia and release rates; and (c) the majority (66.5%) of rescued koalas were either euthanized or died in care with only 27% released back to the wild. The results from this study have important implications for further research into koala rescue and rehabilitation to gain a better understanding of its effectiveness as a conservation strategy.
Image Segmentation for Cardiovascular Biomedical Applications at Different Scales
Authors: Danilov Alexander , Pryamonosov Roman , Yurova Alexandra
Published: September 2016

In this study, we present several image segmentation techniques for various image scales and modalities. We consider cellular-, organ-, and whole organism-levels of biological structures in cardiovascular applications. Several automatic segmentation techniques are presented and discussed in this work. The overall pipeline for reconstruction of biological structures consists of the following steps: image pre-processing, feature detection, initial mask generation, mask processing, and segmentation post-processing. Several examples of image segmentation are presented, including patient-specific abdominal tissues segmentation, vascular network identification and myocyte lipid droplet micro-structure reconstruction.
Characterization and Monitoring of a Self-Constructible Photovoltaic-Based Refrigerator
Authors: Del Pero Claudio , Butera Federico , Piegari Luigi , Faifer Marco , Buffoli Maddalena , Monzani Paolo
Published: September 2016

At present, in the developing countries, the power grids do not reach every small town and, even when they do, they are not reliable. For this reason, preservation of food and medicines is a sensitive issue for a large number of people. This work introduces the characterization of a new, self-constructible refrigerator, powered by photovoltaic (PV) energy, suitable for the preservation of food in rural villages, with a specific focus on Africa’s tropical-equatorial belt. A thermally-insulated envelope, equipped with thermal energy storage, has been designed to be built on-site, by using local materials, and assembled with technical components (direct current (DC) compressor, heat exchangers, photovoltaic module). The monitoring activity presented in this work was carried out on a first prototype of the system and enabled the validation of numerical simulations, aimed at assessing its appropriate operability under laboratory conditions. In particular, the work demonstrates that the basic module of the refrigerator, with a net capacity of 250 L and an ice storage of 12.5 kg, is able to maintain an internal temperature below 10 °C also in critical boundary conditions.
The Potential of CO2 Capture and Storage Technology in South Africa’s Coal-Fired Thermal Power Plants
Authors: Yoro Kelvin , Sekoai Patrick
Published: September 2016

The global atmospheric concentration of anthropogenic gases, such as carbon dioxide, has increased substantially over the past few decades due to the high level of industrialization and urbanization that is occurring in developing countries, like South Africa. This has escalated the challenges of global warming. In South Africa, carbon capture and storage (CCS) from coal-fired power plants is attracting increasing attention as an alternative approach towards the mitigation of carbon dioxide emission. Therefore, innovative strategies and process optimization of CCS systems is essential in order to improve the process efficiency of this technology in South Africa. This review assesses the potential of CCS as an alternative approach to reducing the amount CO2 emitted from the South African coal-fired power plants. It examines the various CCS processes that could be used for capturing the emitted CO2. Finally, it proposes the use of new adsorbents that could be incorporated towards the improvement of CCS technology.
Antibiotic Resistance of Bacteria Involved in Urinary Infections in Brazil: A Cross-Sectional and Retrospective Study
Authors: Rodrigues Wellington , Miguel Camila , Nogueira Ana , Ueira-Vieira Carlos , Paulino Tony , Soares Siomar , De Resende Elisabete , Lazo-Chica Javier , Araújo Marcelo , Oliveira Carlo
Published: September 2016

Empirical and prolonged antimicrobial treatment of urinary tract infections caused by Escherichia coli is associated with the emergence of bacterial resistance, and not all countries have strict policies against the indiscriminate use of drugs in order to prevent resistance. This cross-sectional and retrospective study (2010–2015) aimed to evaluate the sensitivity and resistance of patient-derived E. coli to different drugs broadly used to treat urinary infections in Brazil: ampicillin + sulbactam, cephalothin, ciprofloxacin, norfloxacin, and nitrofurantoin. We obtained 1654 E. coli samples from ambulatory patients with disease symptoms of the urinary tract from a Brazilian public hospital. While all antibiotics were effective in killing E. coli to a large degree, nitrofurantoin was the most effective, with fewer samples exhibiting antibiotic resistance. We assessed the costs of generic and brand name versions of each antibiotic. Nitrofurantoin, the most effective antibiotic, was the cheapest, followed by the fluoroquinolones (ciprofloxacin and norfloxacin), ampicillin + sulbactam and, lastly, cephalothin. Finally, assessment of antibiotic resistance to fluoroquinolones over the study period and extrapolation of the data led to the conclusion that these antibiotics could no longer be effective against E. coli-based urinary infections in approximately 20 years if their indiscriminate use in empirical treatment continues.
DengueME: A Tool for the Modeling and Simulation of Dengue Spatiotemporal Dynamics
Authors: De Lima Tiago , Lana Raquel , De Senna Carneiro Tiago , Codeço Cláudia , Machado Gabriel , Ferreira Lucas , De Castro Medeiros Líliam , Davis Junior Clodoveu
Published: September 2016

The prevention and control of dengue are great public health challenges for many countries, particularly since 2015, as other arboviruses have been observed to interact significantly with dengue virus. Different approaches and methodologies have been proposed and discussed by the research community. An important tool widely used is modeling and simulation, which help us to understand epidemic dynamics and create scenarios to support planning and decision making processes. With this aim, we proposed and developed DengueME, a collaborative open source platform to simulate dengue disease and its vector’s dynamics. It supports compartmental and individual-based models, implemented over a GIS database, that represent Aedes aegypti population dynamics, human demography, human mobility, urban landscape and dengue transmission mediated by human and mosquito encounters. A user-friendly graphical interface was developed to facilitate model configuration and data input, and a library of models was developed to support teaching-learning activities. DengueME was applied in study cases and evaluated by specialists. Other improvements will be made in future work, to enhance its extensibility and usability.
ER Stress-Mediated Signaling: Action Potential and Ca2+ as Key Players
Authors: Bahar Entaz , Kim Hyongsuk , Yoon Hyonok
Published: September 2016

The proper functioning of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is crucial for multiple cellular activities and survival. Disturbances in the normal ER functions lead to the accumulation and aggregation of unfolded proteins, which initiates an adaptive response, the unfolded protein response (UPR), in order to regain normal ER functions. Failure to activate the adaptive response initiates the process of programmed cell death or apoptosis. Apoptosis plays an important role in cell elimination, which is essential for embryogenesis, development, and tissue homeostasis. Impaired apoptosis can lead to the development of various pathological conditions, such as neurodegenerative and autoimmune diseases, cancer, or acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS). Calcium (Ca2+) is one of the key regulators of cell survival and it can induce ER stress-mediated apoptosis in response to various conditions. Ca2+ regulates cell death both at the early and late stages of apoptosis. Severe Ca2+ dysregulation can promote cell death through apoptosis. Action potential, an electrical signal transmitted along the neurons and muscle fibers, is important for conveying information to, from, and within the brain. Upon the initiation of the action potential, increased levels of cytosolic Ca2+ (depolarization) lead to the activation of the ER stress response involved in the initiation of apoptosis. In this review, we discuss the involvement of Ca2+ and action potential in ER stress-mediated apoptosis.
Quantum Measurements, Stochastic Networks, the Uncertainty Principle, and the Not So Strange “Weak Values”
Authors: Sokolovski Dmitri
Published: September 2016

Suppose we make a series of measurements on a chosen quantum system. The outcomes of the measurements form a sequence of random events, which occur in a particular order. The system, together with a meter or meters, can be seen as following the paths of a stochastic network connecting all possible outcomes. The paths are shaped from the virtual paths of the system, and the corresponding probabilities are determined by the measuring devices employed. If the measurements are highly accurate, the virtual paths become “real”, and the mean values of a quantity (a functional) are directly related to the frequencies with which the paths are traveled. If the measurements are highly inaccurate, the mean (weak) values are expressed in terms of the relative probabilities’ amplitudes. For pre- and post-selected systems they are bound to take arbitrary values, depending on the chosen transition. This is a direct consequence of the uncertainty principle, which forbids one from distinguishing between interfering alternatives, while leaving the interference between them intact.
Utilization of a Porous Cu Interlayer for the Enhancement of Pb-Free Sn-3.0Ag-0.5Cu Solder Joint
Authors: Jamadon Nashrah , Tan Ai , Yusof Farazila , Ariga Tadashi , Miyashita Yukio , Hamdi Mohd
Published: September 2016

The joining of lead-free Sn-3.0Ag-0.5Cu (SAC305) solder alloy to metal substrate with the addition of a porous Cu interlayer was investigated. Two types of porous Cu interlayers, namely 15 ppi—pore per inch (P15) and 25 ppi (P25) were sandwiched in between SAC305/Cu substrate. The soldering process was carried out at soldering time of 60, 180, and 300 s at three temperature levels of 267, 287, and 307 °C. The joint strength was evaluated by tensile testing. The highest strength for solder joints with addition of P25 and P15 porous Cu was 51 MPa (at 180 s and 307 °C) and 54 MPa (at 300 s and 307 °C ), respectively. The fractography of the solder joint was analyzed by optical microscope (OM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The results showed that the propagation of fracture during tensile tests for solder with a porous Cu interlayer occurred in three regions: (i) SAC305/Cu interface; (ii) inside SAC305 solder alloy; and (iii) inside porous Cu. Energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) was used to identify intermetallic phases. Cu6Sn5 phase with scallop-liked morphology was observed at the interface of the SAC305/Cu substrate. In contrast, the scallop-liked intermetallic phase together with more uniform but a less defined scallop-liked phase was observed at the interface of porous Cu and solder alloy.
Enhanced Compositional Mapping through Integrated Full-Range Spectral Analysis
Authors: McDowell Meryl , Kruse Fred
Published: September 2016

We developed a method to enhance compositional mapping from spectral remote sensing through the integration of visible to near infrared (VNIR, ~0.4–1 µm), shortwave infrared (SWIR, ~1–2.5 µm), and longwave infrared (LWIR, ~8–13 µm) data. Spectral information from the individual ranges was first analyzed independently and then the resulting compositional information in the form of image endmembers and apparent abundances was integrated using ISODATA cluster analysis. Independent VNIR, SWIR, and LWIR analyses of a study area near Mountain Pass, California identified image endmembers representing vegetation, manmade materials (e.g., metal, plastic), specific minerals (e.g., calcite, dolomite, hematite, muscovite, gypsum), and general lithology (e.g., sulfate-bearing, carbonate-bearing, and silica-rich units). Integration of these endmembers and their abundances produced a final full-range classification map incorporating much of the variation from all three spectral ranges. The integrated map and its 54 classes provide additional compositional information that is not evident in the VNIR, SWIR, or LWIR data alone, which allows for more complete and accurate compositional mapping. A supplemental examination of hyperspectral LWIR data and comparison with the multispectral LWIR data used in the integration illustrates its potential to further improve this approach.
Real-Time Intraoperative MRI Intracerebral Delivery of Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell-Derived Neurons
Authors: Vermilyea Scott C. , Lu Jianfeng , Olsen Miles , Guthrie Scott , Tao Yunlong , Fekete Eva M. , Riedel Marissa K. , Brunner Kevin , Boettcher Carissa , Bondarenko Viktorya , Brodsky Ethan , Block Walter F. , Alexander Andrew , Zhang Su-Chun , Emborg Marina E.
Published: September 2016

Induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-derived neurons represent an opportunity for cell replacement strategies for neurodegenerative disorders such as Parkinson's disease (PD). Improvement in cell graft targeting, distribution, and density can be key for disease modification. We have previously developed a trajectory guide system for real-time intraoperative magnetic resonance imaging (RT-IMRI) delivery of infusates, such as viral vector suspensions for gene therapy strategies. Intracerebral delivery of iPSC-derived neurons presents different challenges than viral vectors, including limited cell survival if cells are kept at room temperature for prolonged periods of time, precipitation and aggregation of cells in the cannula, and obstruction during injection, which must be solved for successful application of this delivery approach. To develop procedures suitable for RT-IMRI cell delivery, we first performed in vitro studies to tailor the delivery hardware (e.g., cannula) and defined a range of parameters to be applied (e.g., maximal time span allowable between cell loading in the system and intracerebral injection) to ensure cell survival. Then we performed an in vivo study to evaluate the feasibility of applying the system to nonhuman primates. Our results demonstrate that the RT-IMRI delivery system provides valuable guidance, monitoring, and visualization during intracerebral cell delivery that are compatible with cell survival.
CKLF-Like MARVEL Transmembrane Domain-Containing Member 3 (CMTM3) Inhibits the Proliferation and Tumorigenisis in Hepatocellular Carcinoma Cells
Authors: Li Wujun , Zhang Shaobo
Published: September 2016

The CKLF-like MARVEL transmembrane domain-containing 3 (CMTM3), a member of the CMTM family, was found in several human tumors and plays an important role in the development and progression of tumors. However, the role of CMTM3 in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) remains largely unknown.
Thus, in the present study, we explored its expression pattern in human HCC cell lines, as well as its functions in HCC cells. Our results demonstrated that the expression of CMTM3 is lowly expressed in HCC cell lines. In vitro, we found that overexpression of CMTM3 obviously inhibited the
proliferation, invasion, and EMT process in HCC cells. Furthermore, overexpression of CMTM3 significantly downregulated the expression levels of phosphorylation of JAK2 and STAT3 in HepG2 cells. In vivo, overexpression of CMTM3 attenuated the tumor growth in Balb/c nude mice. In conclusion,
we demonstrated that CMTM3 could play an important role in HCC metastasis by EMT induction via, at least partially, suppressing the JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway. Therefore, CMTM3 may serve as a potential molecular target in the prevention and/or treatment of HCC invasion and metastasis.
Intratumoral Photodynamic Therapy With Newly Synthesized Pheophorbide a in Murine Oral Cancer
Authors: Ahn Mee-Young , Yoon Hyo-Eun , Moon Seong-Yong , Kim Yong-Chul , Yoon Jung-Hoon
Published: September 2016

Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a therapeutic alternative for malignant tumors that uses a photosensitizer. Our group recently synthesized photosensitizer pheophorbide a (Pa) from chlorophyll-a. The present study investigated the therapeutic effect of PDT using intratumoral administration
of the synthetic photosensitizer Pa in an in vivo murine oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) animal model. Pa accumulation was measured using the fluorescence spectrum and imaging in living C3H mice. Intratumoral treatment of Pa-PDT (IT Pa-PDT) significantly inhibited the growth of transplanted
OSCC cells. Histopathological examination of tumor tissues showed that PCNA expression was significantly decreased, while TUNEL-stained cells were markedly increased in the IT Pa-PDT group compared to controls. IT Pa-PDT-induced apoptosis was confirmed by immunoblot. Reduction of Bcl-2 and
cleavage of caspase 3 and PARP were observed in IT Pa-PDT. These data demonstrate that IT Pa-PDT inhibited tumor cell proliferation and induced apoptosis, which is correlated with the anticancer activity of IT Pa-PDT. These potent antitumor activities of IT Pa-PDT were observed in both the
immunohistochemistry and Western blot experiments. Our findings suggest the intratumoral therapeutic potential of Pa-PDT on OSCC. Additionally, demonstrated detection of Pa using a fluorescence spectroscopy system or molecular imaging system provides a means for simultaneous diagnosis and
treatment of OSCC.
TYPE I SUPERLUMINOUS SUPERNOVAE AS EXPLOSIONS INSIDE NON-HYDROGEN CIRCUMSTELLAR ENVELOPES
Authors: Sorokina Elena , Blinnikov Sergei , Nomoto Ken’ichi , Quimby Robert , Tolstov Alexey
Published: September 2016

A number of Type I (hydrogenless) superluminous supernova (SLSN) events have been discovered recently. However, their nature remains debatable. One of the most promising ideas is the shock interaction mechanism, but only simplified semi-analytical models have been applied so far. We simulate light curves for several Type I SLSN (SLSN-I) models enshrouded by dense, non-hydrogen circumstellar (CS) envelopes, using a multi-group radiation hydrodynamics code that predicts not only bolometric, but also multicolor light curves. We demonstrate that the bulk of SLSNe-I including those with relatively narrow light curves like SN 2010gx or broad ones like PTF09cnd can be explained by the interaction of the SN ejecta with the CS envelope, though the range of parameters for these models is rather wide. Moderate explosion energy (∼(2–4) × 1051 erg) is sufficient to explain both narrow and broad SLSN-I light curves, but ejected mass and envelope mass differ for those two cases. Only 5–10 M
⊙ of non-hydrogen material is needed to reproduce the light curve of SN 2010gx, while the best model for PTF09cnd is very massive: it contains almost 50 M
⊙ in the CS envelope and only 5 M
⊙ in the ejecta. The CS envelope for each case extends from 10 R
⊙ to ∼105
R
⊙ (7 × 1015 cm), which is about an order of magnitude larger than typical photospheric radii of standard SNe near the maximum light. We briefly discuss possible ways to form such unusual envelopes.
HIGH-VELOCITY BIPOLAR MOLECULAR EMISSION FROM AN AGN TORUS
Authors: Gallimore Jack F. , Elitzur Moshe , Maiolino Roberto , Marconi Alessandro , O’Dea Christopher P. , Lutz Dieter , Baum Stefi A. , Nikutta Robert , Impellizzeri C. M. V. , Davies Richard , Kimball Amy E. , Sani Eleonora
Published: September 2016

We have detected in ALMA observations CO

emission from the nucleus of the Seyfert galaxy NGC 1068. The low-velocity (up to ±70 km s−1 relative to systemic) CO emission resolves into a 12 × 7 pc structure, roughly aligned with the nuclear radio source. Higher-velocity emission (up to ±400 km s−1) is consistent with a bipolar outflow in a direction nearly perpendicular (≃80°) to the nuclear disk. The position–velocity diagram shows that in addition to the outflow, the velocity field may also contain rotation about the disk axis. These observations provide compelling evidence in support of the disk-wind scenario for the active galactic nucleus obscuring torus.
FRAGMENTATION KINEMATICS IN COMET 332P/IKEYA–MURAKAMI
Authors: Jewitt David , Mutchler Max , Weaver Harold , Hui Man-To , Agarwal Jessica , Ishiguro Masateru , Kleyna Jan , Li Jing , Meech Karen , Micheli Marco , Wainscoat Richard , Weryk Robert
Published: September 2016

We present initial time-resolved observations of the split comet 332P/Ikeya–Murakami taken using the Hubble Space Telescope. Our images reveal a dust-bathed cluster of fragments receding from their parent nucleus at projected speeds in the range 0.06–3.5 m s−1 from which we estimate ejection times from 2015 October to December. The number of fragments with effective radii

m follows a differential power law with index γ = −3.6 ± 0.6, while smaller fragments are less abundant than expected from an extrapolation of this power law. We argue that, in addition to losses due to observational selection, torques from anisotropic outgassing are capable of destroying the small fragments by driving them quickly to rotational instability. Specifically, the spin-up times of fragments

m in radius are shorter than the time elapsed since ejection from the parent nucleus. The effective radius of the parent nucleus is

275 m (geometric albedo 0.04 assumed). This is about seven times smaller than previous estimates and results in a nucleus mass at least 300 times smaller than previously thought. The mass in solid pieces,

, is about 4% of the mass of the parent nucleus. As a result of its small size, the parent nucleus also has a short spin-up time. Brightness variations in time-resolved nucleus photometry are consistent with rotational instability playing a role in the release of fragments.
TWO SMALL PLANETS TRANSITING HD 3167
Authors: Vanderburg Andrew , Bieryla Allyson , Duev Dmitry A. , Jensen-Clem Rebecca , Latham David W. , Mayo Andrew W. , Baranec Christoph , Berlind Perry , Kulkarni Shrinivas , Law Nicholas M. , Nieberding Megan N. , Riddle Reed , Salama Maïssa
Published: September 2016

We report the discovery of two super-Earth-sized planets transiting the bright (V = 8.94, K = 7.07) nearby late G-dwarf HD 3167, using data collected by the K2 mission. The inner planet, HD 3167 b, has a radius of 1.6 R
⊕ and an ultra-short orbital period of only 0.96 days. The outer planet, HD 3167 c, has a radius of 2.9 R
⊕ and orbits its host star every 29.85 days. At a distance of just 45.8 ± 2.2 pc, HD 3167 is one of the closest and brightest stars hosting multiple transiting planets, making HD 3167 b and c well suited for follow-up observations. The star is chromospherically inactive with low rotational line-broadening, ideal for radial velocity observations to measure the planets’ masses. The outer planet is large enough that it likely has a thick gaseous envelope that could be studied via transmission spectroscopy. Planets transiting bright, nearby stars like HD 3167 are valuable objects to study leading up to the launch of the James Webb Space Telescope.
¿Como flotan los submarinos?
Authors: Reyes Juan Carlos Sánchez , Fernández Maria José Torres , Ramirez Adriana Carolina Vasquez
Published: September 2016

El proceso mediante el cual flotan los cuerpos obedece a leyes físicas muy bien establecidas, pero al tratarlas de manera independiente parecieran entrar en conflictos y se contradicen. El fenómeno de la flotabilidad de un submarino nos permite integrar y convalidar todos los principios y leyes de la física hidrostática de una manera muy formal, sustentada con experiencias alternativas y de fácil elaboración en el aula de clase y con materiales de bajo costo. Este artículo ofrece experimentos hidrostáticos simples con el fin de responder a las preguntas yconceptos a los estudiantes. Los resultados se produjeron a partir de la utilización de estos experimentos con estudiantes de Licenciatura en Ciencias Físicas.
Desenvolvimento de um sistema Blow-Spinning de baixo custo: obtenção de microfibras e nanofibras poliméricas e compósitas.
Authors: Cena Cicero Rafael , Larios Gustavo Sander , Bica Marcos R R , Freitas Gustavo Quereza , Canassa Thalita Antoniassi , Torsoni Guilherme Botega
Published: September 2016

Neste trabalho, apresentamos a construção e utilização de um equipamento de baixo custo para obtenção de micro e nanofibras. Em ensaios iniciais realizados com este equipamento foram obtidos resultados promissores para produção de microfibras, nanofibras poliméricas e compósitos. Nestes ensaios foram investigadas a formação de nanofibras de Poli(vinil álcool) e do Poli(vinil pirrolidona), além de microfibras compósitos de polímero e nanopartículas cerâmicas. As nanofibras poliméricas foram caracterizadas quanto sua morfologia, forma e diâmetro, revelando uma morfologia e diâmetro médio distintos para cada sistema estudado. Análises dos espectros no infravermelho das fibras poliméricas revelaram a presença das típicas bandas observadas para os polímeros comerciais. As microfibras compósitos foram investigadas com base em imagens de microscopia eletrônica, tais imagens possibilitaram avaliar a dispersão da fase cerâmica na matriz. A dispersão observada foi regular e as microfibras que formam a matriz apresentaram uma morfologia também irregular, com diversos pontos de fusão e descontinuidade.
Desenvolvimento de bionegócios e conhecimento tradicional: uma análise de suas influências nas populações tradicionais no Brasil
Authors: Wandscheer Clarissa Bueno
Published: September 2016

O presente artigo pretende abordar como o desenvolvimento dos bionegócios afeta as populações tradicionais no Brasil. Para isso o texto está estruturado em três partes principais: na primeira serão discutidos o conceito e a identificação das populações tradicionais, conhecimento tradicional e bionegócios; na segunda parte será apresentado a forma legal para o acesso ao conhecimento tradicional e os impactos no desenvolvimento de bionegócios, e; na última parte serão discutidos alguns casos de acesso ao conhecimento tradicional e repartição de benefícios e a difícil avaliação sobre a efetividade da repartição justa e equitativa de custos e benefícios em termos de bionegócios e conhecimento tradicionais.
Análise das características dos contratos no agronegócio do Brasil
Authors: Rocha Jr. Weimar Freire da , Bittencourt Maurício Vaz Lobo , Ribeiro Marcia Carla Pereira
Published: September 2016

O agronegócio, ao longo dos últimos anos, passou por profundas transformações que repercutiram na coordenação e no desempenho de todos os atores participantes desse sistema. Neste sentido, este trabalho usou o arcabouço teórico da Nova Economia Institucional focado nos contratos e procurou evidenciar as salvaguardas contratuais, classificando-as segundo os atributos da transação (especificidade do ativo, frequência e incerteza). Estas serviram de base para categorizar 29 contratos do agronegócio das mais diferentes áreas e produtos. Aplicou-se a técnica estatística da análise fatorial de correspondência, procurando agrupar  cada contrato em um dos três grupos supracitados. Este  modelo conseguiu explicar 77,38% do fenômeno observado com duas dimensões que representam os autovetores. Com relação aos contratos, nesta análise, observou-se similaridade entre alguns deles principalmente, nos contratos de integração entre agroindústria e produtores, os quais  buscaram resguardar as especificidades do ativo da matéria-prima. Também, há contratos que tentam resguardar a  especificidade do ativo, comoas relações contratuais entre agroindústrias e parceiros (aves e suínos). Já, os  contratos de embalagem plástica para agroindústria e óleo semi refinado, bem como contratos de arrendamento de cana-de-açúcar, prestação de serviço e entrega de produto para a agroindústria tentam resguardar a frequência. Os contratos que visam mitigar a incerteza foram contratos de cédula de produtor rural, compra e venda de soja e laranja. Conclui-se que os contratos nem sempre são utilizados com a função de coordenadores do sistema agroindustrial, tendo,às vezes, a função de  documentos formais  com a finalidade de   esboçar as responsabilidades entre as partes, gerando restrição de conduta e maior responsabilidade e comprometimento entre elas.
The use of fruit fly infested mamey fruit as human food
Authors: Melo-Ruíz V. , Vargas-Martínez N. , Sánchez-Herrera K. , Rodríguez-Diego J. , Díaz-García R.
Published: September 2016

The fruits of mamey,Calocarpum mammosum L., are often infested by theAnastrepha ludens L. fruit fly. The wasted fruits cause huge economic losses. The aim of this study was to investigate the nutritional value of mamey fruits when infested with larvae, and to propose their consumption. Mamey fruits were collected with and without the larvae in the city of Coatlán del Río, in Morelos, Mexico. A proximal nutrient analysis of the mamey pulp andA. ludens larvae were conducted. The organoleptic properties of ice cream from the mamey fruits with and without the larvae were tasted by a panel. The results obtained showed that the presence of larvae in the mamey fruits increases their nutritional value and the organoleptic study showed no difference between the clean and the infested products.
Factors that affect entomophagical practices in Ghana
Authors: Anankware P.J. , Osekre E.A. , Obeng-Ofori D. , Khamala C.M.
Published: September 2016

This study evaluated the social and ecological factors that affect entomophagy in Ghana with a view to instigate the initiation of programmes for the use of insects for human and poultry nutrition in Africa. Two thousand questionnaires were administered to randomly selected respondents in all the ten regions of Ghana. With regards to social factors, entomophagy was found to be influenced by age, gender, education and occupation. Entomophagy is practiced across all age groups and gender in Ghana. Proportionally, 90, 78 and 74% of the aged (60+), middle aged (31-50) and the youth (18-30), respectively, were observed to consume various insect species. Ecologically, entomophagy was more pronounced in rural than urban areas. Over 87% of respondents who consume edible insects acquire them through harvesting/trapping. Four insect species were identified as feed for animals. The majority (81.6%) of the respondents consume insects as a source of protein, 9.6% for cultural reasons, 5.6% for medicinal values and 3.0 and 0.2%, respectively, for recreational and religious reasons. Gender has the least influence on entomophagy. Considering the economic, ecological and nutritional importance of edible insects in traditional Ghanaian foods, attention should be given to sustainable environmental harvesting practices.
Small-Gauge Pars Plana Vitrectomy With SF6 Gas for the Repair of Primary Rhegmatogenous Retinal Detachment With Multiple Breaks
Authors: Mimouni Michael , Flores Victor , Blumenthal Eytan Z. , Barak Yoreh
Published: September 2016

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE:

To compare outcomes of 25-gauge pars plana vitrectomy (PPV) and sulfur hexafluoride (SF6) gas for primary rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RRD) associated with multiple-quadrant versus single-quadrant breaks.

PATIENTS AND METHODS:

A retrospective study of patients with RRD who underwent 25-gauge PPV with breaks involving multiple quadrants (Group A) or versus a single quadrant (Group B).

RESULTS:

One hundred eighteen eyes of 118 patients with a mean age of 60.4 years ± 11.8 years were reviewed, 27 with multiple-quadrant breaks and 91 with single-quadrant breaks. Single surgery anatomical success was achieved in 92.6% of Group A versus 93.4% of Group B patients (
P
= .88). The location and number of quadrants did not account for the variation in single surgery success or visual outcome.

CONCLUSIONS:

RRD with multiple-quadrant breaks is not associated with worst outcomes than single-quadrant breaks when treated with 25-gauge PPV and SF6 gas.

[
Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging Retina
. 2016;47:820–827.]