bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Perlindungan Hukum Terhadap Data Pribadi Nasabah Oleh Bank Dalam Transaksi Melalui Internet Banking
Authors: Denisya Ni Putu , Budiartha I Nyoman Putu , Putra I Made Aditya Mantara
Published: September 2024

Technological advances have been able to give birth to services that facilitate daily activities such as the presence of internet banking services. However, there are still many problems related to the unprotection of customer personal data. The formulation of the problem from this study is how to legally protect the security of customer personal data by banks in internet banking services and how bank accountability in terms of personal data belonging to customers is not protected due to the use of internet banking services. The research method used in this thesis research is a normative type of legal research with a type of statutory and conceptual approach. The data sources used are prime, secondary, and tertiary data sources. The collection of legal materials is carried out through a library study. The results showed that the form of preventive legal protection was carried out by providing socialization through the platform to inform about the protection of customer personal data and the applicability of the ITE Law and the Telecommunications Law which provides a protection to prevent disputes against customers. The form of repressive legal protection is carried out through the existence of the Consumer Protection Law which is the basis for the fulfilment of consumption rights. The form of bank liability to customers in the event of a data leak is that the bank will provide compensation if it is proven that it is true that the data leak is not caused by the customer's negligence or mistake.
Analytical method development and validation of olmutinib bulk drug as per ICH Q2 guidelines by using RP-HPLC Method
Authors: KHANDARE BALU , Musle Atish C. , Arole Sanket S. , Popalghat Pravin V.
Published: September 2024

RP-HPLC is fast, simple, sensitive, precise, and reproducible (liquid chromatography) method, developed and validated to analyseolmutinib bulk dosage form. Using C-18 HPLC column separation was carried out. This was maintained at ambient temperature. During separation mobile phase consist of methanol (100 v/v) was delivered at a rate of 1mL/min. Using UV detector analysis was carried out at the wavelength 267.68 nm. RP-HPLC method was validated by using various parameters like, precision, limit of quantitation (LOQ), linearity and robustness. The RP-HPLC method was found to be linear over the concentration ranges from 50-100 μg/mL (r2 =0.999). Retention time for bulk olmutinib was found to be 9.349 min. LOQ of method was 5.8540 μg/mL and LOD 3.0536μg/mL. Thus, the developed RP-HPLC method was found to be robust and rugged which can be applied for the regular analysis of olmutinib in the bulk as well as pharmaceutical dosage form.
Keywords: C18, RP-HPLC, Methanol, Olmutinib
Phytochemical Investigation and Determination of Total Phenols and Flavonoid Concentration in Leaves Extract of Vitex trifolia Linn
Authors: Parkhe Geeta , Bharti Deepak
Published: September 2024

Medicinal plants have bioactive compounds which are used for curing of various human diseases and also play an important role in healing. Secondary constituents contain alkaloids, flavonoids, phenol, saponin, steroids and tannins. Medicinal plants have anticancer, antimicrobial, antidiabetic, antidiuretic and anti-inflammation activities etc. The increasing interest in powerful biological activity of secondary metabolites outlined the necessity of determining their contents in medicinal plants. Vitex trifolia L. (V. trifolia, syn. Vitex rotundifolia), a member of the family Verbenaceae, is known to produce a variety of diterpenoids and iridoids that display antioxidant, tracheospasmolytic, cytotoxic and trypanosidal activities. The plant species is a deciduous shrub native to Southeast Asia, Micronesia, Australia and East Africa. This plant can be commonly found along the banks of water bodies like canals, rivers and ponds and hence locally known as “Neer Nochi” (“Neer” means water). The leaves of V. trifolia are consumed to improve memory, relieve pain, remove bad taste in mouth and cure fever. The leaf extract is anti-cancerous while fruits are good for amenorrhea. The aim of the present study is to examine leaf of V. trifolia for phytochemical profile. Qualitative analysis of various phytochemical constituents and quantitative analysis of total phenolics and flavonoids were determined by the well-known test protocol available in the literature. Quantitative analysis of phenolic and flavonoids was carried out by Folins Ciocalteau reagent method and aluminium chloride method respectively. Phytochemical analysis revealed the presence of phenols, flavonoids, tannins, saponins, alkaloids, fixed oil and fats. The present study concluded that the crude extract of V. trifolia is a rich source of secondary phytoconstituents which impart significant antioxidant potential. The findings of the present study will be helpful to phytochemists, pharmacologists and pharmaceutical industries.
Keywords: Vitex trifolia, Verbenaceae, Phytochemical, Folins ciocalteau reagent
Edible Vaccines: Trigger of Body’s First Line Defense
Authors: Santosh Kumar Rada , Chandra Kiran Ch.
Published: September 2024

Vaccines are used as protective agents from various diseases. The major reason to prepare vaccines are to digest the macromolecule of proteins in stomach considering of high pH . To overcome this issue a scientist named Arntzen developed the theory of edible vaccines. EVs are developed by genetic technology; in this the genes are introduced directly to the plants in various methods. The developed plant contains coded protein which acts as a vaccine. Purchasing at low cost leads to the prevention of various diseases like malaria, measles, hepatitis B , cholera, HIV and anthrax    
Keywords: Edible vaccines, Antigens, Oral immunization, Immunity.
Desafios e perspectivas na alfabetização como processo histórico-cultural e de letramento em tempos de pandemia da covid-19
Authors: Pinto Juliana Brito Borges , Gusmão Maria Aparecida Pacheco
Published: September 2024

O artigo apresenta os resultados de uma pesquisa que procurou responder as seguintes questões: como ocorreu o ensino da alfabetização durante a suspensão das aulas presenciais em decorrência da pandemia de Covid-19? Houve indícios dessa alfabetização como processo sociocultural e de letramento? O objetivo foi identificar indícios da alfabetização como processo sociocultural e de letramento em turmas do 3º ano do ensino fundamental, no município de Vitória da Conquista, Bahia, no contexto de aulas remotas. As bases teóricas são os estudos do letramento de Magda Soares (1985, 2003, 2004, 2007), Kleiman (2005), Street (1984, 2014) e no sócio-interacionismo do psicólogo e filósofo Lev Vygotsky (1998, 2000, 2001). A metodologia utilizada foi a pesquisa bibliográfica e a pesquisa de campo numa abordagem qualitativa. O estudo teve como lócus três escolas da Rede municipal de Ensino de Vitória da Conquista — BA, com três professoras alfabetizadoras, quinze estudantes e quinze pais/responsáveis desses estudantes. Os dados foram produzidos no segundo semestre letivo do ano de 2022, por meio da aplicação de questionários e a análise desses dados possibilitou compreender como ocorreu o processo de alfabetização durante as aulas remotas, porém, não identificamos indícios de que a alfabetização tenha ocorrido na perspectiva do letramento. Os resultados da pesquisa apontam para uma reflexão acerca das práticas das professoras alfabetizadoras e para a necessidade de articulação entre as práticas de leitura e de escrita desenvolvidas na escola e os letramentos relacionados à realidade social na qual os alunos estão inseridos.
CULTURA CIENTÍFICA EN LA EDUCACIÓN. ANÁLISIS BIBLIOMÉTRICO SEGÚN WoS (2000-2022)
Authors: Perez Rodríguez Francisco Javier , Hernández González Osvaldo , Donoso Díaz Sebastián
Published: September 2024

El objetivo del estudio fue describir y caracterizar las tendencias de la producción intelectual a nivel de rendimiento y desarrollo temático en artículos que abordan el constructo “cultura científica” en el contexto educativo en el periodo 1998-2022. Para este análisis bibliométrico se hizo una búsqueda en la base de datos Web of Science con los descriptores “scientific culture” y “education” lo cual arrojó un total de 100 artículos (n=100), tras el cribaje y estudio de idoneidad de los documentos, se consideró finalmente 87 artículos (n= 87). Para la visualización y análisis se empleó estadística descriptiva apoyada en las herramientas Excel 365, Biblioshine by Bibliométrix,y VOSviewer. Las variables abordadas fueron: producción anual, categorías WoS, revistas e impacto, autores, países y palabras clave. Los hallazgos muestran que entre los años 2017 y 2020 se ha dado la mayor producción de artículos. La categoría WoS que más aborda el tema es Education Educational Research (9,08%). La principal revista es de habla inglesa: Public Understanding of Science y en relación con los países, España, Brasil y Estados Unidos son los de mayor producción. Las palabras clave de mayor relevancia son epistemología, educación, educación científica, formación docente, aprendizaje. Se concluye que esta producción intelectual es interdisciplinaria estimándose que ha sido influenciada por políticas públicas, con una marcada influencia anglosajona y europea; y con una escasa relación con temas vinculados con la didáctica de las ciencias naturales.
EPISTEMOLOGÍAS INTUITIVAS EN PROFESORES UNIVERSITARIOS DE CIENCIAS NATURALES Y SOCIALES
Authors: Monroy-Nasr Zuraya , León-Sánchez Rigoberto
Published: September 2024

La investigación educativa ha destacado el papel mediador de las epistemologías intuitivas de los profesores en los procesos de enseñanza-aprendizaje de la ciencia. Sin embargo, la investigación sobre este tema es escasa, a pesar de su importancia para promover cambios en la enseñanza de las ciencias naturales y sociales. El presente estudio tiene como objetivo examinar las posiciones epistemológicas de los docentes en los campos de la ciencia y la filosofía, con el fin de determinar si las posiciones epistemológicas que sostienen varían en función del dominio de conocimientos. Para llevar a cabo esta investigación, utilizamos un instrumento que consta de dos partes: 1) ítems adaptados de cuestionarios existentes sobre epistemologías intuitivas, además de reactivos de elaboración propia, y 2) ítems del cuestionario Literature Epistemic Cognition Scale (LECS) adaptados para evaluar la cognición epistémica en el contexto de la filosofía. Los datos recopilados indican que las y los participantes en esta investigación mantienen una orientación epistemológica constante tanto en el dominio de la ciencia como en el de la filosofía.
EDUCOMUNICACIÓN SOCIOAMBIENTAL EM EL MUSEO: EXPOSICIÓN, SABERES AMBIENTALES Y COLABORACIÓN
Authors: Rodríguez Iván Borroto
Published: September 2024

En este artículo se reflexiona sobre la dimensión educomunicativa y socioambiental de las exposiciones colaborativas con los pueblos indígenas, así como también se identifica y analiza esa dimensión en una exposición con participación indígena. La metodología es de tipo cualitativo, y como métodos de investigación se utilizan la entrevista semiestructurada y el análisis documental. En la exposición objeto del análisis, se identificó un proceso colaborativo en el cual los indígenas actuaron como consultores culturales de las representaciones museográficas construidas por los científicos occidentales. Por otra parte, se identificaron saberes ambientales indígenas en la exposición. Estos resultados permiten argumentar sobre el potencial educomunicativo y socioambiental de las exposiciones colaborativas con indígenas.
Regression Analysis of Dimensions Event Volunteer Motivation Towards Intention to Volunteer
Authors: Mohd Rashid Norhidayah , Ramli Nurakmal , Ghazali Ayu Rohaidah , Nordin Azzura , Zamzuri Norol Hamiza , Saridan Shazril
Published: September 2024

Volunteerism at events, from small to large-scale festivals such as sporting competitions, is critical to their success. Understanding event volunteers' motivations is crucial for organizers in terms of recruiting, retaining, and managing volunteer resources efficiently. This study aims to examine the relationship between dimensions of event volunteer motivation which include leisure motivation, purposive motivation, egoistic motivation and external influence on the intention to volunteer. Previous studies have found that these multi-dimensional motivational factors are essential for fostering an individual’s decision-making process towards volunteering at an event. Positive effects on volunteer motivation will be analyzed using regression analysis in this research. In general, the results derived from the study will assist event organizers in understanding how their volunteers make decisions about taking part in the festivals they organize as well as designing ways of recruiting, managing and holding onto them for attaining ultimate success during such occasions.
The Cultural Event Typology in Bali
Authors: Suroto Peni Zulandari , Hartono Yudo
Published: September 2024

There is limited research focusing on festivals and cultural events. This study aims to enrich previous research on event typology, particularly in cultural events. Additionally, the findings of this research can be applied by event practitioners. The results of this research can be practically applied by event practitioners. This is particularly valuable for organizers from outside Bali who may not be familiar with local wisdom and regulations. A qualitative approach was used to have a better understanding of ritual practices and culture. The researcher observed three cultural events in 2024: the Piodalan and Pengerupukan ceremonies in a village in Gianyar Regency, and the Ogoh-ogoh competition in Depasar city. In addition, in-depth interviews were conducted with the village head and unstructured interviews with the participants of the ceremonies. Thematic analysis was conducted to obtain dimensions. Four dimensions of cultural events were found: (1) management – who manages and how the event is managed, (2) function – the purpose of the performing arts, (3) objective – the goal of the event, and (4) audience – who attends the event. This domain was then combined with the typology of performing arts according to Balinese local wisdom, broadly divided into sacred and profane performances, which include Wali, Bebalih, and Balih-balihan dances. This combination was reflected in  matrix of event typologies in Bali. Further research could explore  audience's or the artists' perspectives on presenting each type of dance. Expanding the number of villages could also provide insights into different rituals in other villages in Bali.
Spontaneous upper urinary tract rupture due to urolithiasis
Authors: Yotovski Valentin , Kotova Slavina , Milushev Metodi , Lazarov Tzvetan , Krastanov Alexandar
Published: September 2024

Introduction. The spontaneous rupture of the upper urinary tract?s cavity system, which includes the pelvicalyceal system and ureter, is sporadic. This phenomenon, where urine unexpectedly leaks out of the cavity system without any apparent cause of trauma or medical intervention, is a fascinating and puzzling aspect of urology. This condition is typically attributed to obstructive uropathy, which leads to increased pressure within the urinary tract. This article illustrates the sporadic occurrence of spontaneous ruptures within the pelvicalyceal system. It underscores the importance of prompt diagnosis and timely treatment to restore wall integrity without significant stenosis. Outlines of cases. We have recorded four cases of spontaneous rupture in urolithiasis, with a median patient age of 47.5 years. The clinical symptoms mimic those of renal colic. Ultrasound, computed tomography scans, and retrograde pyelography were used to diagnose the condition. Treatment consisted of inserting a JJ stent for an average duration of 2.5 months. In all cases, prompt diagnosis and treatment have led to a remarkable restoration of the pelvicalyceal system and the ureter?s wall, with spontaneous absorption of the extravasation and without significant ureteral strictures. Conclusion. The positive outcome underscores the importance of early diagnosis and treatment and offers hope for future cases.
Trends in Racial and Ethnic Disparities in Early Glycemic Control Among Veterans Receiving Care in the Veterans Health Administration, 2008–2019
Authors: Hua Simin , Kanchi Rania , Anthopolos Rebecca , Schwartz Mark D. , Pendse Jay , Titus Andrea R. , Thorpe Lorna E.
Published: September 2024

OBJECTIVE

Racial and ethnic disparities in glycemic control among non-Hispanic Black (NHB) and non-Hispanic White (NHW) veterans with type 2 diabetes (T2D) have been reported. This study examined trends in early glycemic control by race and ethnicity to understand how disparities soon after T2D diagnosis have changed between 2008 and 2019 among cohorts of U.S. veterans with newly diagnosed T2D.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS

We estimated the annual percentage of early glycemic control (average A1C <7%) in the first 5 years after diagnosis among 837,023 veterans (95% male) with newly diagnosed T2D in primary care. We compared early glycemic control by racial and ethnic group among cohorts defined by diagnosis year (2008–2010, 2011–2013, 2014–2016, and 2017–2018) using mixed-effects models with random intercepts. We estimated odds ratios of early glycemic control comparing racial and ethnic groups with NHW, adjusting for age, sex, and years since diagnosis.

RESULTS

The average annual percentage of veterans who achieved early glycemic control during follow-up was 73%, 72%, 72%, and 76% across the four cohorts, respectively. All racial and ethnic groups were less likely to achieve early glycemic control compared with NHW veterans in the 2008–2010 cohort. In later cohorts, NHB and Hispanic veterans were more likely to achieve early glycemic control; however, Hispanic veterans were also more likely to have an A1C ≥9% within 5 years in all cohorts. Early glycemic control disparities for non-Hispanic Asian, Native Hawaiian/Pacific Islander, and American Indian/Alaska Native veterans persisted in cohorts until the 2017–2018 cohort.

CONCLUSIONS

Overall early glycemic control trends among veterans with newly diagnosed T2D have been stable since 2008, but trends differed by racial and ethnic groups and disparities in very poor glycemic control were still observed. Efforts should continue to minimize disparities among racial and ethnic groups.
Heart rate variability activity in soccer athletes after a musculoskeletal injury
Authors: Flores Gonçalo , Monteiro Diogo , Silva Fernanda , Duarte-Mendes Pedro
Published: September 2024

Objectives: The aim of this study is to analyse the adaptations of the autonomic nervous system after a musculoskeletal injury, obtained by measuring heart rate variability in athletes. It was hypothesized that there is an alteration in heart rate variability after a musculoskeletal injury.
Study design: Cohort study.
Subjects: 15 semi-professional soccer players from three football teams, aged between 21 and 33 (mean age: 29.4 ± 3.31 years), with a recent musculoskeletal injury.
Methods: Heart rate variability was collected using the Polar m200 and the chest strap H10 in two moments: within 72 h after the injury and between 5 and 7 days after full return-to-play.
Results: Results show differences between T1 and T2 (p ≤ 0.05) in low-frequency power (n.u.) (p = 0.001) and high-frequency power (n.u.) (p = 0.001), in low-frequency/high-frequency ratio (p = 0.001) and in high-frequency power (ms2) (p = 0.017) measures. No statistical differences were found in low-frequency power (ms2) (p = 0.233). The low frequency power (n.u.) was significantly lower after injury compared with LF power (n.u.) values after full return-to-play. In high-frequency power there was a significant difference between both moments with high values after injury.
Conclusions: The use of heart rate variability therefore seems to be promising to detect an imbalance in the autonomic nervous system and help clinical departments to identify a possible non-traumatic musculoskeletal injury. Further research should be performed considering a wide range of musculoskeletal injuries and to establish baseline values of the athletes.
Optimizing laser ablation in liquid: The role of ablation region confinement
Authors: Mehta Kavil , Kumar Prashant , Kushawaha Rajesh K. , Baruah Prahlad K.
Published: September 2024

In the present work, pulsed laser ablation in liquid (PLAL) experiments have been conducted on a disk-shaped copper (Cu) target with a confined ablation region. Nanoparticles (NPs) are synthesized by employing a flat target and targets with valley (channel) widths of 4 and 3 mm to investigate the effect of confinement on properties of NPs. On the flat target, Cu NPs exhibiting bimodal size distribution with average sizes of 8 and 23 nm have been produced. In contrast, monomodal NPs are synthesized in confined valleys, with average sizes decreasing to 4 and 6 nm for 4 and 3 mm valleys, respectively. To understand the influence of confinement on cavitation bubble dynamics, shadowgraphy investigation is employed. The study revealed that the bubble size increases as the valley width decreases. The Gilmore model has been used to estimate the temperature and pressure within the bubble, indicating that both the parameters enhance with confinement. The shadowgraphy results suggest that the reheating of the ablation region due to shockwave interaction with the valley walls is the primary factor influencing the NP properties and cavitation bubble dynamics.
Desarrollo Psicológico Infantil: Factores Clave en el Primer Año de Vida
Authors:   Universidad Técnica Estatal de Quevedo, Betancourt Zambrano Shirley Vanessa , Verdezoto Michuy Carmen Lisbeth ,   Universidad Técnica Estatal de Quevedo, Quijije Chávez Vilma Rocío ,   Universidad Técnica Estatal de Quevedo, Macías Sánchez Karen Gabriel ,   Universidad Técnica Estatal de Quevedo
Published: September 2024

El primer año de vida es una etapa crucial en el desarrollo psicológico infantil, influenciada por factores como el apego seguro, el entorno familiar, la estimulación temprana, la salud mental de los cuidadores, la nutrición y los factores genéticos y epigenéticos. Este artículo revisa la evidencia sobre estos aspectos, destacando la importancia de un entorno enriquecedor y de apoyo para el desarrollo óptimo del niño. El apego seguro entre el cuidador y el infante se presenta como un pilar fundamental para el desarrollo emocional y social, favoreciendo la confianza y la regulación emocional. El entorno familiar armonioso y las interacciones positivas promueven el desarrollo cognitivo y social, mientras que los entornos conflictivos pueden tener efectos adversos. La estimulación temprana, adecuada en cantidad y calidad, apoya el neurodesarrollo, destacando la necesidad de programas educativos accesibles para los cuidadores. La salud mental de los cuidadores, especialmente en madres con depresión posparto, impacta directamente en la capacidad de respuesta hacia el infante, subrayando la necesidad de apoyo integral. La nutrición, particularmente la lactancia materna, se asocia con beneficios para el desarrollo cerebral. Finalmente, los factores genéticos y epigenéticos muestran la interacción compleja entre la biología y el entorno, destacando la necesidad de intervenciones tempranas. Este análisis resalta la importancia de un enfoque integral para optimizar el desarrollo infantil en sus primeros años de vida.
How Are Linkage Results Using Privacy-Preserving Record Linkage Different?
Authors: Jarrett Michael , Hills Brent , Zhao Yinshan , Brown Adrian , Randall Sean , Boyd James , Ferrante Anna , McGrail Kimberlyn
Published: September 2024

IntroductionPrivacy-Preserving Record Linkage (PPRL) presents opportunities to improve privacy protection when performing record linkage on the most sensitive data. Currently our linkage agency performs all linkages in clear text, but expansion of data sources is now including extremely sensitive data, such as justice data. Understanding that specific circumstances may demand different approaches to linkage, we evaluated a PPRL algorithm implemented through the LinXmart software. This is the first real-world evaluation of PPRL in British Columbia and among the first in Canada.
Objectives and ApproachOur standard linkage method is probabilistic and relies on rules established by analysts to determine accepted links. Datasets are linked to a population spine (N=8,440,442) containing all current and past residents of the province. LinXmart was configured to link to the top weighted candidate above a predetermined confidence threshold. We evaluated performance by comparing the standard method to PPRL for three increasingly complex (messy) datasets. Initial results on the simplest/cleanest dataset informed an iterative process to improve implementation of PPRL.
ResultsOverall linkage rates were lower for standard linkage (81%) compared to PPRL (90%). Records with a unique ID linked at similarly high rates in clear-text and PPRL, while the performance of PPRL with records without the unique ID varied depending on the exact parameters chosen for the match threshold and field comparisons.
Conclusion / ImplicationsThis work suggests that for datasets that include a well-populated unique identifier, PPRL can be implemented in real-world linkages without a substantial drop-off in linkage quality. Messier data require careful tuning of linkage parameters to match the performance of clear linkage. PPRL may best be used in cases where clear text identifiers cannot be shared, and where some degradation in linkage rates is acceptable.
Epidemiology of Infection-Related Hospitalisations in High-Income Countries: An International Data Linkage Study
Authors: Miller Jessica Eden , Nassar Natasha , Zeltzer Justin , Goldacre Raphael , Knight Marian , Wood Rachael , Morris Carole , Nowell Sian , Håberg Siri E , Magnus Maria Christine , Moore Hannah , Fathima Parveen , Carter Kim , De Klerk Nicholas , Strunk Tobias , Li Jiong , Pedersen Lars Henning , Burgner David
Published: September 2024

IntroductionChildhood infection is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide, however, the epidemiology of infection-related hospitalisations (IRH) across high-income countries is not well described. Population-level data are valuable resources for studying the epidemiology of severe infections.
Objectives and ApproachWe used data from our multi-country total population-based cohort study to describe the patterns of IRH across six populations in five countries. Our cohort study contains birth and hospitalisation data on all singleton live births from 1996-2015 from Australia (New South Wales and Western Australia), Denmark, Norway, Scotland, and England. Children were classified as having an IRH if they had an inpatient hospital admission that incurred at least one primary or secondary infectious disease discharge ICD code, at least one day after the birth-related discharge date and if they were less than five years of age at discharge. IRH were classified as overall and by clinical group. Here we present interim analyses from Denmark and Scotland, n=1,593,008 (further results will be presented at the conference).
ResultsMore boys than girls had an IRH by 5 years of age (boys 26%, girls 21%). By 1 year, 12% of boys and 9% of girls experienced their first IRH, whereas between 1-5 years of age, 14% of boys and 12% of girls experienced their first IRH. Overall, 7% of children had >1 IRH. The majority of infections were lower and upper respiratory tract infections, followed by viral and gastrointestinal infections. Infection was commoner in the lowest socio-economic status groups.
Conclusion / ImplicationsIRH remains a leading cause of hospitalisation in preschool children. Understanding the epidemiology of IRH in high-income countries is important for targeting appropriate interventions and reducing disease burden.
Integrating Data to Measure Seriocomic Position (SEP) Among New Zealand’s Population Aged ≥65
Authors: Exeter Daniel J , Lee Arier , Kerse Ngaire , Browne Michael
Published: September 2024

IntroductionThe proportion of New Zealand’s population aged ≥65 is projected to increase significantly over the next 50 years. Many studies of health inequalities among the population ≥65 years use conventional measures of socioeconomic position (SEP), such as income, occupational class and/or educational attainment, or area-level deprivation indices, to represent the social circumstances of their population. However, there is growing consensus that these measures fail to represent the socioeconomic conditions experienced by older people.
Objectives and ApproachThe objective of this research was to produce an index of multiple deprivation that better reflects the social conditions of New Zealand’s population aged ≥65 years. We used the Integrated Data Infrastructure (IDI) – a large research database containing microdata about people and households maintained by Statistics New Zealand – to capture socioeconomic indicators of relevance to those aged ≥65. Initially 33 person-specific indicators of SEP from routine administrative datasets including the Ministry of Social Development, Ministry of Health, Inland Revenue, the NZ Transport Association, and the 2013 Census, in addition to various spatial data providers. After quality assessment, 15 indicators were selected for our final analyses.
ResultsIn this presentation, we provide an overview of how we grouped the selected indicators into domains, weighted and combined them to create a deprivation score for individuals aged ≥65, known as the Older Person’s Index of Multiple Deprivation (OPIMD). We demonstrate associations between the OPIMD and health outcomes, comparing these to established working-age measures of SEP and deprivation.
Conclusion / ImplicationsThe utility of linked administrative data for measuring socioeconomic status of the older population in New Zealand provides a tool for policy makers, researchers and agencies to develop policies and interventions that support the positive ageing of our older population.
The Need to Rebuild the Foundations of Public Health Systems Data
Authors: Evans Michelle
Published: September 2024

IntroductionPublic health organisations capture, report on and distribute large amounts of data. This data has many purposes – it may be used to make decisions; drive the funding to be received; or benchmark against peers. This data is trusted, quoted, shared and compared, but is only valid when the foundation information (staffing, costs, activity) in the systems is correct. It has been identified that the foundation information may not reflect the operational structure of many units, and as such the data provided will not be accurate.
Objectives and ApproachWhile it’s relatively simple to identify the major systems that are involved in capturing this information, it is complex to correct each of these aspects to reflect the intended business model. The greater challenge lies is identifying those systems that aren’t well known – what they are, who maintains them, and critically, what their impact is on the organisation. Correcting the foundation information is not a singular responsibility, as the information belongs with the Divisions and the management of these systems belongs to various corporate departments.
ResultsIncorrect foundation information can have significant and long-term financial consequences on a Unit. In a recent example, Health Round Table indicated the cost per NWAU for Unit A was more expensive than their peers. While the initial reaction is to suggest inefficiencies, an investigation found that Unit A was paying the salary of a doctor in Unit B, with data reporting incorrect numbers for both. This error is likely to impact the Price Weights and NWAU targets of both units.
Conclusion / ImplicationsIn order to make better decisions regarding the operational outcomes of our health services, we need to ensure that the foundations of our data systems are accurate. Efforts must be made to rebuild these foundations, and ensure that all stakeholders become responsible for maintaining them.
Predicting Childhood Overweight in Linked Administrative Data: Are There Lessons for Targeting Early Years Interventions?
Authors: Chislett Louis , Henery Paul , Gray Linsay , Leyland Alastair , Dundas Ruth , Wood Rachael , Pearce Anna
Published: September 2024

IntroductionMany early years interventions, e.g. UK’s Family Nurse Partnership, aim to provide additional support to higher need families to prevent poor health and development. Most prediction studies using cohort surveys have had limited success in identifying which families to target for such interventions.
Objectives and ApproachTo examine whether the breadth and volume of information available in linked administrative data can predict childhood overweight (defined using International Obesity TaskForce cut-offs) at age 5 years. Data for all children born in Scotland 2011-2012 (n~120,000) were sourced from: birth registration records, maternity hospital records, health visitor and school health checks, immunisation records, prescription data. Predictors spanned socio-economic (e.g. neighbourhood deprivation, occupational status), demographic (e.g. mother’s age, number of children), birth (e.g. birthweight, APGAR score), service planning (allocation to core/additional services), and health (e.g. smoking in pregnancy, overweight at age 3y). Sensitivity, specificity and positive predictive values (PPV) for each predictor was considered. The collective predictive power of >20 variables (selected a-priori) (complete case sample, n~22000) was examined using conventional area under the curve (AUC) and three machine learning methods: decision tree classification, random forest, gradient boosted trees.
ResultsOverweight at 3y was the strongest predictor of overweight at 5y (sensitivity:0.53; specificity:0.89; PPV:0.51). AUC and the machine learning approaches prioritised different sets of predictors, but all included overweight at 3y. All produced ‘Moderate-Good’ predictive power, falling to ‘Poor-Moderate’ when overweight at 3y was excluded. Multiple imputation will be carried out to address item missingness.
ConclusionOverweight at 3y was the most informative predictor, yet 49% who were overweight at 3y were not by 5y. Models excluding overweight at 3y had poor predictive power, indicating the challenge of targeting interventions to prevent overweight. Thus, universal interventions addressing the upstream determinants of childhood overweight are likely to have greatest success in supporting child health.
Potentially burdensome care at the end-of-life for people who had a death from cancer: A retrospective population-level cohort study
Authors: Mitchell Rebecca , Delaney Geoffrey P , Arnolda Gaston , Liauw Winston , Phillips Jane , Lystad Reidar , Harrison Reema , Braithwaite Jeffrey
Published: September 2024

ObjectivesTo examine factors associated with indicators of potentially burdensome care provided in hospital, and use of hospital services in the last 12 months of life for people who had a death from cancer.
ApproachA population-based retrospective cohort study of people aged ≥20 years with a cancer-related cause of death during 2014-2019 in New South Wales, Australia using linked hospital, cancer registry and mortality records. Ten indicators of potentially burdensome care were examined.  Multinominal logistic regression examined predictors of a composite measure of potentially burdensome care, derived by summing 4 indicators: >1 ED presentation; >1 hospital admission; ≥1 ICU admission within 30 days of death; died in acute care (scored as 0, 1 ≥2).
ResultsOf the 80,005 cancer-related deaths, 69.1% had none, 20.0% had 1 indicator, and 10.9% had ≥2 indicators of potentially burdensome care.  Compared to having no indicators of potentially burdensome care, people who smoked, lived in rural areas, were most socially economically disadvantaged, and had their last admission in a private hospital were more likely to experience potentially burdensome care. Older people (≥55 years), females, people with 1 or ≥2 Charlson comorbidities, people with neurological cancers, and people who died in 2018-2019 were less likely to experience potentially burdensome care.
Conclusions and implicationsThis study shows the challenge of delivering health services at end-of-life.  Opportunities to address potentially burdensome EOLC could involve taking a person-centric approach to integrate oncology and palliative care around individual needs and preferences.
Expanding a cohort of children who had a response to the Household Food Security Survey Module: A novel approach using linked ICES administrative data
Authors: Le Britney , Clemens Kristin , Shariff Salimah
Published: September 2024

ObjectiveThe Canadian Community Health Survey (CCHS) is a national cross-sectional survey, rich with household, health-related measures. Through linkage with administrative health services data, we aimed to investigate the relationship between household food-insecurity in childhood, and incident health conditions (asthma and diabetes). Linking mothers with children and children with siblings, provided a unique opportunity to expand our child cohort.
ApproachWe linked five cycles of the CCHS with ICES administrative databases, to conduct longitudinal cohort studies of children <18 years who had a household response to the Household Food Security Survey Module (HFSSM). Three approaches were used to increase our sample of children: we included children who personally completed the HFSSM; the children of mothers who completed the HFSSM (via a unique database linking mothers with biological children); and the siblings of children who completed the HFSSM. We examined the characteristics of children from food secure and insecure households, accounting for the clustering of children living within the same home. In addition, we investigated the incidence of health outcomes using marginal time-to-event regression analysis to adjust for clinical and socio-economic confounders.
Results and ConclusionsUsing novel linkages and multiple data sources we were able to study a large cohort of children (20,023 children whose mothers completed the HFSSM, 5,199 siblings of child respondents, 8,820 children who personally responded to the survey).  This creative approach built capacity to investigate household-level determinants of health in a large cohort of Canadian children.
Linking Education Data in Wales (UK) – Methodology and Lessons Learned
Authors: Robinson Lucy
Published: September 2024

There are separate data collections across education phases in Wales (UK). Each use a different unique learner identifier. The matched education dataset project used advanced data linking methods to produce a set of pseudo identifiers for each learner that can be matched back to the original datasets to undertake specific, de-identified analysis.
The first phase of the project involved data cleaning, preparation, and the creation of new derived variables. The second phase established the linking methodology, developing and advanced data linking techniques and algorithms including frequency matching and phonetic string comparators. At each stage of the project the data linking was sequential, ranging from exact to more fuzzy matching. During the code development the approach was uniquely tailored to each data set and constantly fine-tuned to ensure the highest possible match rate while reducing potential for false matches.
The resulting linked education data sets are used in a number of ways for statistical and research purposes to support the formation of evidence-based policies. This has included research into raising the compulsory education age and the evaluation of learner journeys during the pandemic.
Robust linked data facilitates analysis examining the progression of learners through the education system in Wales. There is a broad scope of future analysis planned and the matched education outputs will be used extensively in the evaluation of learner journeys post pandemic to inform Welsh Government policy.
The matched education dataset project involved researching and upskilling in data linkage methodology, we hope to disseminate the lessons learned widely.
Building a Historic Population Platform
Authors: Nanayakkara Charini , Christen Peter , Dibben Chris , Williamson Lee , Garrett Eilidh
Published: September 2024

ObjectivesWith the increasing digital availability of large population databases of historical census or vital event records, the tasks of storing, cleaning, processing, linking and analysing such data become more challenging. Suitable computing platforms and software systems are required to handle such databases, and facilitate the application of complex record linkage algorithms, for example to reconstruct populations that cover a full country over many decades. We present our efforts to achieve these goals on a database of over 20 million vital event records spanning over 120 years to create a “Historic Population Platform” (HiPP).
ApproachWe created a graph database using the Neo4J software, where each birth, death and marriage certificate is represented as a node. We then generated actor nodes from these certificates which represent individuals (such as birth babies and their parents, or marriage brides and grooms). Data cleaning steps included the correction and imputation of invalid, corrupted, and missing age and date values using information from related certificates.
ResultsOur initial graph database contains over 100 million nodes and nearly 200 million edges, while our data cleaning methods help to substantially increase the number of valid age and date values.
ConclusionThe availability of large historical population databases provides exciting opportunities for social science and health research. However, existing methods have limitations in handling data quality and the sizes of such databases. We presented novel methods to deal with these challenges which we hope will be of use for other projects that aim to build a HiPP.
Efficiency and Privacy in Record Linkage: Evaluating a Novel Blocking Technique Implemented on Cryptographic Longterm Keys
Authors: Resnick Dean , Adell Raventós Núria
Published: September 2024

Efficient privacy-preserving record linkage (PPRL) is essential for integrating data from different providers without exposing personally identifiable information (PII). This study investigates the effectiveness of a novel blocking technique, implemented on Bloom filters (a space-efficient probabilistic data structure), to enhance efficiency and maintain privacy in a real-world evaluation.
This methodology involves the utilization of Anonlink, an open-source Python-based PPRL system which generates a type of Bloom filter, Cryptographic Longterm Keys (CLK), for secure record linkage. Initially, the relevant PII fields of the two datasets undergo anonymization into CLKs. Utilizing the CLK’s property of similarity preservation, we create manageable blocks of records based on bits in common within the Bloom filters. This allows us to reduce the number of comparisons of non-matching records to improve linkage efficiency. Finally, record linkage is performed to identify potential matches within the blocked datasets.
This blocking technique for CLKs is evaluated in terms of efficiency and record matching precision, aiming to determine the optimal balance between the two factors. Preliminary results indicate a significant reduction in computational burden, with recall minimally affected. Moreover, the implemented blocking technique poses no additional risks of privacy breaches.
Preliminary evaluation of the blocking technique shows a promising avenue for secure and efficient data integration, especially in datasets with PII, warranting further investigation for validation and wider application.
Are Métis mothers receiving adequate prenatal care in Ontario? A population-based study
Authors: Boutros Helana , Tsui Noel , Golding Haley , Simms Abigail , Edwards Sarah
Published: September 2024

Objective and ApproachIn Canada, Métis people are one of three distinct Indigenous Peoples whose rights are recognized and affirmed in Section 35 of the federal Constitution Act, 1982. Currently, there is a paucity of health research regarding Métis maternal and prenatal in Canada. Prenatal care is a frequently used health service that can reduce the incidence of perinatal morbidity and mortality and measures of adequate prenatal care have been established in the Canadian context. The objective of our study is to examine the receipt of adequate prenatal care among mothers who are citizens of the Métis Nation of Ontario (MNO) who had a live birth between 2012 and 2022. This population-based study will use the MNO citizenship registry linked to health administrative and demographic databases in Ontario, Canada’s most populous province.
Results and ConclusionThere were 2,615 live births to Métis mothers registered with the MNO between 2012 and 2022. Métis mothers were younger and more likely to live in a rural location relative to other Ontarian mothers. Analysis is still ongoing and results on prenatal care adequacy will be presented.
ImplicationsThe findings may be used to inform MNO’s Healthy Babies Healthy Children program, designed to support Métis mothers, children, and families from prenatal to six years of age across Ontario. The program’s goal is to ensure equitable access to resources, support, and knowledge for Métis families, so their children have the best possible opportunity to thrive.
Equity in practice: Lessons from a cohort-based model for community voice and input in data linkage and use
Authors: Hawn Nelson Amy , Jenkins Adelia , Kemp Deja , Berkowitz Emily , Burnett TC , Rios Benitez Jessie , Zanti Sharon
Published: September 2024

Objective and ApproachCross-sector data sharing and linkage can transform information about individuals into actionable intelligence to build stronger, healthier, and more just communities. Yet, the use of cross-sector data can also reinforce legacies of racist policies and produce inequitable resource allocation, access, and outcomes. To avoid this, we must embed data equity practices throughout the data life cycle and provide mechanisms for community voice and input. However, few integrated data systems are doing this well. 
To combat this challenge, AISP designed a 30-month technical assistance program–the Equity in Practice Learning Community (EiPLC)--to collaboratively develop guidance and models for centering racial equity in data integration. This session provides an overview of our EiPLC Scope & Sequence, a curriculum we designed to guide this work. Currently, 10 jurisdictions in the U.S. are receiving coaching around this curriculum and shifting their data integration practices to advance equity.
ResultsTo date, progress has been nonlinear, with positive results. Work in action across the cohorts includes changes to cross-agency data governance, collaborative research agendas, legal agreements, staffing, and community participation practices including.
ConclusionsWhile these efforts are nascent, progress is evident and site team members indicate growth as individuals and as site teams. Key features of success include a focus on building relationships, establishing working norms, grappling with racialized histories, and interrogating the role of structural racism and systems of power.
ImplicationsThe EiPLC provides a successful model for supporting sites to embed data equity principles throughout the data life cycle.