bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effect Of Amlodipine In Amelioration Of Global Cerebral I/R Injury In Rat
Authors: Kadhim Al-Hassani Zahraa , Raiesh Al-Mousawi Najah , Abd Al-Raheem Shukri Mahmud , Mahboba Waddah
Published: January 2024

Background: Cerebral ischemiaâ€“reperfusion injury (IRI) is a complex process resulting in cellular damage and death. Ischemia and reperfusion in the brain, as in other organs, induces an inflammatory response which may exacerbate initial levels of tissue injury.Objectives: This study was undertaken to investigate the possible neuroprotective activity of amlodipine in amelioration of global cerebral I/R injury in rat model.Materials and Methods: Adult sprague-dawley rats were randomized in to 4 groups as follow: group I, sham group, rats underwent the same anesthesia and surgical procedure as the control group with out bilateral common carotid artery occlusion (BCCAO) ; group 2 control group (induced-untreated), rats underwent 30 min of global cerebral ischemia via ( bilateral common carotid artery occlusion (BCCAO) followed by 1 hour of reperfusion ; group 3, Control â€“ Vehicle, as control group but rats received daily for 10 days before the surgery the vehicle of amlodipine drug normal saline intraperitoneally (IP),the dose of vehicle was (0.9% Nacl) ,(1 ml/kg/day) ; group 4, amlodipine treated group, as control goup ,but rats received daily amlodipine intraperitoneally (IP), the dose of amlodipine was (10 mg/kg /day) for 10 days before the surgery .Results: Compared with the sham group, levels of cerebral ICAM-1, increased significantly (p<0.05), amlodipine, significantly oppose the increase in cerebral level of ICAM-1 (P < 0.05). Histological analysis revealed that amlodipine markedly reduced (P < 0.05) the severity of brain injury in the rats underwent bilateral common carotid artery occlusion (BCCAO) .Conclusions: The results of the present study revealed that pretreatment with amlodipine may ameliorate the global cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury by anti-inflammatory effect.
Neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio & cervical length for prediction of spontaneous preterm delivery in threatened preterm labour
Authors: M. Mubark Amal , Saad Zeiny Luma , M. Sadiq Alaa
Published: January 2024

Background: Being able to predict preterm birth is important, as it may allow a high-risk population to be selected for future interventional studies. As inflammation represents a crucial pathogenic process of preterm delivery, the aim of this study is to define the role of serum inflammatory markers in the prediction of spontaneous preterm delivery & to combine these markers with cervical length to increase the diagnostic accuracy.Methods: Eighty pregnant women with threatened preterm labour (group I) were compared with 40 women at term (group II (, subdivided into 2 subgroups (20 of them were not in labour & the other 20 were in labour). Neutrophils to lymphocytes ratio (NLR) & C-reactive protein (CRP) level were measured & compared for all study subjects. For group I, transvaginal cervical length was measured & combined marker (defined as NLR divided by the cervical length) was estimated & they were subdivided into: (group Ia) who delivered before 37 weeks (n=30) & (group Ib) who delivered at term (n=50.)Results: The levels of NLR (P<0.001), CRP (P<0.016) in group Ia were significantly different from those in group Ib & they were also significantly higher in group IIa than in group IIb (P<0.001). The cervix length (P< 0.001) & combined marker (P<0.001) in group Ia were significantly different from those of group Ib. It has been shown that the combined marker has higher sensitivity (65%) & specificity (87%) for prediction of preterm delivery, as compared to cervical length or systemic inflammatory markers each alone .Conclusions Combined marker is useful for identifying women at risk of preterm delivery in patients with threatened preterm labour .
The association of diastolic dysfunction with anaemia in patients with type 2 diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Hadi Alessami Alaa , Saddam Sahan Uday
Published: January 2024

Background:Anaemia is a common finding in patients with DM and constitutes an additional burden in patients with advancing age and co-morbid vascular disease. This study examines the association between diastolic dysfunction and anaemia in patients with type 2 DM.Methods:This is a cross-sectional study for diabetic patients who were attending the diabetic clinics in Ad Diwaniyah teaching hospital (number of patients was 37) and Al-sadir teaching hospital (number of patients was 28), Najaf from December 2009 to September 2010 to study the occurrence of adverse cardiac findings (diastolic dysfunction) in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and anaemia. A 65 type 2 diabetes patients were investigated using transthoracic echocardiography. Recordings and measurements were obtained according to the recommendations of the American Society of Echocardiography. The echocardiographic findings were correlated with Hb level. The patients with and without anaemia were compared.Aim of the study:This study was undertaken to show the relationship between anemia and diastolic dysfunction in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.Results:Diastolic dysfunction was diagnosed in 17 (81 %) of 21 diabetic patients with anaemia compared to 29 (66 %) out of 44 patients with a hemoglobin within the normal range.Conclusion:There is significant association between diastolic dysfunction and anaemia in type 2 diabetes patients, consequently this can be used to identify diabetic patients at increased risk of cardiac dysfunction.
The natural courses of keratometric, pachymetric and visual acuity outcomes during 1year follow up after corneal collagen cross-linking
Authors: Amana Rattan Suzan , Kadhim Mutashar Mahir
Published: January 2024

Background:As photochemical reaction that can stiffen the cornea, CXL is the only promising method of preventing progression of keratectasia such as KC and secondary ectasia following refractive surgery. The aim of CXL is to stabilize the underlying condition with a small chance of visual improvement.Setting: Lasik specialty center /Baghdad/Iraq.Purpose: To show the sequences of changes in visual acuity and topographic outcomes during 1 year post CXL for patients with progressive Keratoconus.Patients and methods:CXL procedure was done for 45 eyes with progressive KC. The following parameters had been monitored pre operatively, 1, 3, 6 and 12 months postoperatively: K apex, K2, corneal thickness at thinnest location, anterior and posterior elevation points, BCVA and UCVA. Placido â€“Scheimpflug topography (Sirius) device had been used to monitor the corneal parameters of the study. One â€“way ANOVA and Paired sample T test was used for statistical analysis.Results: At 1 year, an averages flattening of (2.11 D) diopter in K2 and (1.88 D) diopter in K apex were found. Mean BCVA improved by 1 line from (0.18) Log MAR to (0.13) Log MAR and mean UCVA improved by 3.5 lines from (0.89) to (0.64) log MAR. The corneal thickness at thinnest location was 5.71 Mm less than the baseline. All the above mentioned parameters showed a trend of worsening between the baseline and 1 month, and improvement thereafter. We found no statistically significant changes in the anterior elevation points while the posterior elevation point changed (increased) significantly.Conclusions: Corneal collagen cross-linking seems to be effective in decreasing progression of KC , with improvements in optical measures in many patients. Post operative parameters discussed within this review followed a seemingly reproducible trend in there natural course over 12 months .Generally, the trend that observed was immediate worsening between baseline and 1 month resolution at approximately 3 months, and improvement thereafter.
Laparoscopic appendectomy in comparison with open traditional surgery for suspected cases of acute appendicitis
Authors: Adil Abbas Hilmi Mustafa , Jumaah Ali Abdulhameed , F. AL mahdawi Mussa
Published: January 2024

Background For more than a century, open appendectomy remained the gold standard for the treatment of acute appendicitis. Now laparoscopic appendectomy has struggled to prove its superiority of performing general surgical procedure.Objective is to compare the safety and benefits of laparoscopic appendectomy with open appendectomy.Patients &Methods a prospective study has been done in AL- Yarmouk teaching hospital and private hospitals, 130 patients were selected from April, 2013 to April 2014. 30 patients excluded from the study and hundred patients were Divided into two groups, group A ( 40) patients with acute appendicitis treated by laparoscopic appendectomy) and group B ( 60) patients treated by open appendectomy), after taking informed consent. The main outcome measures included was operative time, postoperative complications, return to oral feeding and hospital stay.Results 40 patients treated by laparoscopic appendectomy, there was no significant difference between two groups in age, body build, clinical and laboratory findings. Mean age group was 30 years, male to female ratio was 1.2:1 in compare to 1.3:1 in group B. Operating time was 45 min. with time range (35-55min), while in group B, operating time was 40 min. Postoperative analgesia requirement was 1.1 in group A, and 3.1 in group B. Five patients(12.5%) was converted to OA in group A. Mean hospital stay was one day in group A, and two days in group B. ConclusionLaparoscopic appendectomy is safe and effective, less postoperative pain, early return to normal work and better cosmetic scar than open appendectomy.
Potential Protective Effect of Local Ethanolic Extract of Propolis against Asthma A Biochemical study on Rats
Authors: N. Hussein Meaad , A. Jabir Ferdous
Published: January 2024

The present study is designed to investigate the effect of Local Ethanolic Extract of Propolis to inhibition of free radical , and effect in antioxidant defense in asthmatic rats . Sixty healthy adult Sprague-dawley males rats were used in this study, divided into four groups. Every group contained 15 male rats . The first group received distilled water once time daily for three weeks then injected with (subcutaneous) ( 0.5ml) saline one dose for three time on 1st,3rd,5thday .The second group was received distilled water for three weeks then injected (s.c.)three doses of 100Î¼g of Egg albumin on 1st,3rd,5thday . The third group was received local EEP for three weeks at doses 200mg /kg .after that induced asthma by injected (s.c.) three doses of 100Î¼g of egg albumin on 1st,3rd,5thday . The last group rats received local EEP at doses 200mg /kg for three weeks , then injected ( s.c.) with (0.5ml) saline one doses for three time on 1st,3rd,5thday. After 21 days the experiment finished and the serum samples were collected to determine the MDA content and Catalase activity.This study showed a significantly (P < 0.05) increased in MDA content in asthmatic rats ,but there was significant(P < 0.05) decrease in MDA in third group who treated EEP before induced asthma ,and there activity of Catalase was significantly ( P < 0.05) decreased in asthmatic rats but there was increased in rats who received EEP .This result indicate that EEP had potential to inhibited free radical and it can provided and reactivated antioxidant activates .and can protective from asthma by using it as treatment
High Tibial Osteotomy Open Wedge Osteotomy versus Close Wedge Osteotomy in Relation to Patella Baja as Asequale to this Osteotomy
Authors: Gheni Abd Ali Zuhair
Published: January 2024

Study design :Our study is aretrospective study to asses the level of the patella after valgus high tibial osteotomy in 2 groups of patients group A perform to them open wedge valgus high tibial osteotomy and groupB perform to them close wedge valgus high tibial osteotomy.material and method :Our study include 18 patients perform to them valgus high tibial osteotomy from January 2004 â€“ October 2008 in multi center in Baghdad and alnajaf cities ,age between 40-60 years average 45 years 9 of them perform to them open wedge valgus high tibial osteotomy and 9 of them perform to them close wedge high tibial osteotomy.Result:The mechanical hip-knee-ankle angle improved from average 168 degree to average184 degree . patella baja observed in both groups of patients but it is more sever in group A than in group B i.e it is more sever in patients with open wedge valgus high tibial osteotomy than in close wedge valgus high tibial osteotomy .conclusion :Patella baja is common after valgus high tibial osteotomy , it is more sever in patient with open wedge valgus high tibial osteotomy than close wedge valgus high tibial osteotomy ,according to the blackburne â€“ peel index and insall salvati index , this effect the function of the joint according to the severity of the patella baja in both groups of patients .
Findings of magnetic resonance imaging of lumbosacral spine in chronic lower back pain
Authors: Hasan Obaid Al.Shami Jabir , Majeed Hameed Amjaad
Published: January 2024

*Background :Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the lumbar spine is a safe and painless scan  that uses a magnetic field and radio waves to produce detailed pictures of the lumbar spine (the bones, disks, and other structures in the lower back),  MRI of the lumbar spine can be useful in evaluating symptoms such as lower back pain, leg pain, numbness, tingling or weakness  or problems with bladder and bowel control. It can also help to diagnose tumors, bleeding, swelling, developmental or structural abnormalities  and infections or inflammatory conditions in the vertebrae or surrounding tissues.

Aim of study  :To detect the cause of chronic lower back pain in patients referring from different departments in our hospital like Orthopaedics, Rheumatology , Surgery & neurology. *Patients & method : About 50 patients   selected  from February 2011 to December 2011 all of them are complaining from chronic lower back pain referring from different departments. Average age from 23  to 70 year, 31 were male &19 were female,  the patients were classified according to their age,  sex, occupation, past history of trauma, medical disease & previous surgery.

*Results  Twenty sex  of patients (52%) were diagnosed as a PIVD (prolapsed intervertebral discs)  at the level of L4-5 & L5-S1, ten(20%)  of them  diagnosed as degenerative disease of the discs, five  patients (10%) diagnosed as Straitening of Spine ( Muscular Spasm), 2 (4%) of them diagnosed as secondary  metastases in L1& 2 vertebral bodies,  3 (6%) of them  diagnosed as infected disk  with gibbus deformity in lower dorsal spines & 4 (8%) had normal lumbosacral spine .

*Conclusion: 1.High incidence of abnormal MRI study in patients with chronic  low back pain .

2.Highest percent  of patients  with chronic back pain had disc herniation follow by other pathology .
The Prevalence of Thyroid Disorders in Patients with Melasma
Authors: MH Al-Shamma Yesar , Abed Hadi Al-Wakeel Hadi , Jawad Mahdi  Al-Awadi Iman
Published: January 2024

Background: Melasma is an acquired hyper pigmentation disorder recognized by blotchy, light-to-dark brown color macules distributed symmetrically in the sun-exposed parts in the body especially the face due to multiple causing factors including hormonal imbalance.

Aim of study: To detect the pravelance of thyroid disorderes in iraqi patients with melasma and its effect on cardiovascular variables, and to detect the relationship between autoimmune thyroid disorders with melasma.

Materials and methods :The design of the study is a case control study which included 122 subjects (82 melasma patients and 40 control group) where eighty two consenting  patients  (8 male and 74 female)  clinically  diagnosed  to have  melasma  and  aged 15-45 years (32.05Â±8.51 years) were  included  in  the  study, and fourty  healthy  volunteer  of controls group are  included   in  the  study aged 15-45 years (31.6Â±8.35 years). The males and females were classified into three age groups for each one, fifteen years interval  was considered to be suitable for classifying  subjects. Patients were investigated for levels of (T3,T4,TSH,TgAb,and TPO).

Results: Melasma  were more common in  females than  males . Also thyroid autoimmunity were more common in females than  males. There was no significant difference in (heart rate, blood pressure, mean blood pressure, pulse pressure, and double product) between patients of melasma and control groups. The melasma group value of  TSH  is  significantly  higher  than that of control group and  also the melasma group value of  both TgAb, and TPO are significantly higher than that of control group .While  no  significant  difference  in T3 and T4.

Conclusion: There were considerable association between melasma and autoimmune thyroid disorders, mostly in females.
Gene Expression of Biofilm Regulatory Protein A (Brp A) in Streptococcus mutans Isolated from Oral Cavity
Authors: H. Al-hamadani Adnan , K. Al-Yasiri Rahi , Ahmed shihad Nizar
Published: January 2024

A total of 100 oral swabs were collected from patients  suffering from dental caries and priodontal infections, ranging from 15-65 years old of both genders whom admitted to the Al-Diwaniyah Teaching Special Center of Dentistry within the period from December 2012 to March 2013, in order to  quantify the gene expression of biofim regulatory protein (Brp A) in Streptococcus mutans (S. mutans) isolates by using the Real Time polymerase chain reaction. The gene expression of biofilm regulatory protein A(Brp A) was quantified in comparison with housekeeping gene 16s rRNA as a reference gene of biofilm S.mutans by using reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR).The results revealed that the expression (absolute) of BrpA gene is decreased in the test treatment (S.mutans with 1% glucose+ 50% curcumine) in comparison with control  (S.mutans grown in 1% glucose only).

In conclusion, the present study established the role of Brp A gene in biofilm formation and recommended to possibility of using the curcumine  as adddative material in composition of toothpaste due to their inhibitory and reduction effect on biofilm S.mutans isolates.
Detection of Serotype Gene of Klebsiella Pneumoniae Isolated from Different Clinical Cases of Hospitalized Infections in Al-Diwaniya city
Authors: H. Al Hamadani Adnan , K. Al Khafaji Hazem , S.Abed Ahmed
Published: January 2024

This study aimed to identify serotype of Klebsiella Pneumonia  isolated from different clinical cases of hospitalized infections( urinary tract infection, respiratory infection, burns & wounds) by using polymerase chain reaction(PCR).A total of 110 clinical specimens from in-patients with nosocomial infections(including 47 respiratory infection,37  UTI , burns  & wound infections 26) in Al-Diwaniya Teaching Hospital during the period from December 2012 –March 2013 were collected. K. Pneumonia  isolated from 35.4% of the specimens distributed as 18.18% sputum specimens,10.90% urine specimens & 6.36% burns & wounds specimens.

K1,K2,K5,K20,K54 & K57 serotypes of K. Pneumonia  were successfully detected in multiplex PCR.The results revealed that 28 specimens(25.4%) were type able including 7 positive K1(Amplicon size 1046bp) serotype isolates ( 4 from sputum,2 from urine & 1 from burn), 6 positive of K2(Amplicon size1121) serotype isolates (3 from urine,2 from sputum & 1 from wound),3 positive for K5(Amplicon size 999bp) serotype isolates( 2 from sputum & 1 from urine),2 positive for K20(Amplicon size 1116bp) serotype isolates from urine 2 positive of K54(Amplicon size 881bp) serotype isolates were one from sputum & the other from urine& finally 8 positive of K57(Amplicon size 1182bp) serotype isolates(4 from sputum,2 from urine & 2 from burns & wounds).

However, among 11 (10%) specimens, K. Pneumonia  were non type able.

This study revealed that there were predominance of K1,K2 & K57 serotype isolates in sputum, urine burns & wounds of patients with nosocomial infections.
Cultivation of Entamoeba species in Lockâ€™s -egg medium and differentiation of E.moshkoviskii ,E.dispar and Ehistolytica by using single round polymerase chain reaction
Authors: N.AL-Shamari Ma'ani , Sh.alkafaji Arshed , M. Alwaily Abbas
Published: January 2024

The genus Entamoeba contains many species, three of which are  identical (Entamoeba histolytica, Entamoeba dispar and  Entamoeba moshkovskii ) reside in the human intestinal lumen. Entamoeba histolytica is the causative agent of amebiasis and mortality worldwide in humans. Although recent studies highlight the recovery of E. dispar andE. moshkovskii from patients with gastrointestinal symptoms. The  cultivation  of  three identical   Entamoeba  species   was  done  successfully  in   Lockâ€™s-egg medium  , a high  number  of  trophozoite   were  found   in  culture .these  three identical Entamoeba  species did  not  differentiation by  using  microscope .but  the  devolution of  scientific  they  could  differentiation  by  using  PCR  technique when  extraction the  DNA in  stool  samples by  using  specific bands  and  primers
Evaluation of the applicability and usefulness of Myocardial Performance Index in predicting the development of heart failure in comparison with other cardiac indices
Authors: Kadhim Abood AL-Hamdany Ahlam
Published: January 2024

Back ground: The myocardial performance (MPI) is a combined index of systolic and diastolic dysfunction and has been shown to be a predictor of cardiovascular outcome in heart diseases.

Aim : Evaluate the role of MPI in assessment of heart failure in comparison with other echocardiographic parameters. Methods : By M-mode echocardiography, measurement of ejection fraction (EF) and  stroke volume (SV) had been done, then measurement of left ventricular mass (LVM ) by measurement of left ventricular internal dimension in diastole (LVIDd) and systole (LVIDs), posterior wall thickness in diastole (PWTd), and interventricular septal thickness in diastole (IVSd). Left ventricular mass (LVM) was calculated from the measurements of the left ventricle (LV) using the equation: LVM (g) = 0.81 [1.04 (interventricular septal thickness + posterior wall thickness + LV end-diastolic internal dimension)3 â€“ (LV end-diastolic internal dimension)3] + 0.6. Left ventricular mass index calculated by dividing LVM on body surface area. Measurement of MPI by the apical five-chamber view with Doppler study . the sum of the isovolumic relaxation time (IVRT) and isovolumic contraction time (IVCT) divided by the left ventricular ejection time (LVET) obtained from the left ventricular inflow and outflow. Results: The percentage of abnormal MPI in this study is about 82% (normal value is 0.39Â±0.05) in comparison to EF and SV which are 39% and 54.2% respectively. MPI showed weak but negative correlation with EF and SV ( r = -0.163,          -0.044) respectively, and positive correlation with LVM and LVMI (r = 0.416 , 0.413) respectively. EF showed negative correlation with LVET, IVCT and IVRT( r = -0.03 , -0.028 , -0.25 ) respectively . Conclusion  : Use of MPI for assessing cardiac performance has a potential clinical advantage over the use of other classical echocardiographic indices
The role magnetic resonance imaging and myelogram in the cervical spondylitis radiculopathy (prospective study)
Authors: A. Hadi Taj-Aldean Kassim , Mohammed Altaee Saffa
Published: January 2024

objective:The objective of this study was to prospectively evaluate the accuracy of MRI and myelogram for the demonstration of foramina nerve root impingement in cervical spondylitis radiculopathyPatients And MethodsBetween January 2012 and May 2014. Eighty five patients referred to the department of Hilla teaching hospital with. cervical spondylitis radiculopathy were imaged with conventional MM and with MR myelogram . The diagnostic accuracy of these imaging strategies for the demonstration of exit foraminal stenosis was calculated relative to a gold standard of the combination of conventional MRI and MR myelogramResults:Conventional MRI had a sensitivity of 88.9%, specificity of 99.1%, and diagnostic accuracy of 94.5% for the demonstration of exit foraniinal disease. MR myelography alone had a sensitivity of 84.4%, a specificity of 90.1%, and diagnostic accuracy of 88%.Conclusion:However, the addition of MR myelography increased the diagnostic yield of the MR examination for the detection of forantinal stenotic disease. MR myelography is a useful adjunct to conventional MN in the investigation of cervical spondylotic radiculopathy.
Studying Profile Of HLA-DQB1 In Patients With Alopecia Areata In Basrah Province
Authors: K. Al-Rebaye Kadhim , S. Al-Ammar Nibras , A. Al-Kashwan Thekra
Published: January 2024

A total of 100 individuals were included in this study, 50 patients with alopecia areata and 50 healthy controls. There was no significant difference between alopecia areata patients and controls according to gender and age groups. No significant difference between alopecia areata patients and controls according to age groups. HLA-DQB1 alleles were studied in those patients and compared with HLA-DQB1 in healthy controls. A significant decreased frequency of HLA-DQB1*020101 and HLA-DQB1*030201 alleles in patients with alopecia areata comparing with healthy controls (P < 0.05, OR= 0.76, 95% CI= 0.65-0.89) and (P < 0.05, OR= 0.72, 95% CI= 0.61-0.86) respectively. HLA-DQB1*030101, HLA-DQB1*060101 and HLA-DQB1*060201 showed significant increased frequencies in alopecia areata patients comparing with healthy controls, (< 0.05, OR= 0.24, 95% CI= 0.06-1.10), (P < 0.05, OR= 1.23, 95% CI= 0.97-1.56) and (P < 0.05, OR= 1.46, 95% CI= 1.05-2.02) respectively. There was no significant difference in HLA-DQB1 alleles in patients with family history of alopecia areata and patients without family history of alopecia areata. Patients with alopecia areata showed increased homozygousity in HLA-DQB1 when compared with controls (P <0.005, OR= 0.05, 95% CI= 0.01-0.23). Combination of HLA-DQA1*0103 â€“ HLA-DQB1*0301 showed higher frequency in comparison with other HLA-DQA1-HLA-DQB1 alleles combinations
Evaluation of liquorice extract protective activity against organ damage induced by nandralone in mice.
Authors: Mansour jasim Adnan
Published: January 2024

Abstract

Anabolic androgenic steroids(AAS) standing between  the drugs most widely abused with the goal of improving athletic ability, appearance or muscle mass.  NandroloneDecanoate (N.D) is being abused commonly by  athletes and  coaches. physicians should be aware of their harmful side effects .Liquorice extract consider important medical plant due to  rich in antioxidants, Flavonoids, phenolic and alkaloids that supports the general  health of the body. Thirty   male mice  were randomly divided into 5 groups, each with 6 animals. Group (1) was given 0.5 ml distilled water/day (vehicle) and kept as control normal. mice of group (2) were injected with 15mg/kg bw. three times weekly, group 3,4 received  injected with 15mg/kg of nandralone three times weekly(TID) with 100  and 300 mg/kg orally of  Liquorice extract while group 5 given liquorice extract 300 mg/kg and study was persistence   for 8 weeks. Results reveal that  normal control live sperm  record  of  83.66%±2.43 , while other groups showed sharply decrease in group  N .D to 32.83% ±5.18 , while groups N.D –LI-300, N.D –LI-100 and LI showed there is no significant differences  between groups at    (P < 0.0001) (64.16% ±3.15, 68%±2.35 , 60.83% ±3.51) respectively .Dead sperm parameters record highly significant increase in all groups injected with nandralone and extract (65.50%±6.09 , 35.66%±3.16, 35.33%±2.30, 40.83%±3.15 ) as compared with control (18%± 3.62) which showed low  percent of dead sperm. Nandralone injected female show there is low number of birth with small size and length .Histological  study showed that N.D group cause severe  destruction in all body organ (liver, kidney ,heart ,lung and reproductive system) ,in actually liquorice extract with high dose N.D –LI-300 have less protective activity to modulate N.D toxicity there is only prominent improvement  in lung tissue include formation hyperplasia of lymphoid tissue with mild changes showed increase interstitial space between seminiferous tubules in testes , on the other aspect liquorice in low dose N.D –LI-100  reveal improvement in histological of tissue organ  specially in lung and tests such as stimulated of lymphoid tissue hyperplasia and increase in the germinal cell and spermatogenesis . other ways extract alone  LI-300 showed improvement in tissue organ ( lung ,testes ,kidney ) but reveal some damage in liver and heart there for extract should be not used more than 10mg/kg b.w and contraindicated in patients with liver and heart problems.
Comparison between dome and wedge osteotomy in management of hallux valgus deformity
Authors: Amin Mirza Haider , Sh. Al- Iedani Mohammed , Latteef Al-Shamari Ahmed , H. Majeed Ghadeer
Published: January 2024

Background: the condition of hallux valgus is considered as the most common deformities affecting females more than males, characteristically manifested as lateral deviation of the big toe and widening of first and second inter -metatarsal angle with a deformity of second toe in some severe cases.Objective: to make a radiological and clinical assessment of two surgical methods of osteotomy used in treatment of hallux valgu and to compare between them: first one is the distal dome osteotomy, and second one is a distal wedge metatarsal osteotomy. Patients and methods: a total of 36 feet of 28 patients suffer from hallux valgus, with mean age of 50.3 years were included in this study, followed for 6- 30 months ( mean follow-up of 8.8 months). Nineteen feet treated by dome osteotomy and seventeen feet treated by wedge osteotomy. All the cases were evaluated by the american orthopedics foot and ankle society (aofas) score, also, through the hallux valgus angle and intermetatarsal angle, both before and after surgery. Results: by dome osteotomy, the preoperative mean result of aofas score was about 45.7, with hallux valgus angle (hva) of 33.2o and intermetatarsal angle (IMA) of 11.7Âº. Postoperatively, the mean result of AOFAS score was 82.8, with HVA of 14.3Âº and IMA of 7Âº, with about 94.7% satisfactory results. In the other hand, the method of wedge osteotomy showed a preoperative mean result for AOFAS score of 45.2, with HVA of 34Âº and IMA of 12.8Âº , compared with postoperative mean result of AOFAS score of about 80.7, with HVA of 15.8Âº and IMA of 7.7Âº, with about 82.8 % satisfactory results.Conclusions: the two methods of osteotomy were used with very good outcome in radiological and clinical treatment of hallux valgus.
Detection of Extended Spectrum Î²-lactamases Producing by Klebsiella pneumonia Isolated from Urinary tract Infection Patients by Using mPCR Technique
Authors: Abdelwahed Jaheel Al-Kaaby Wafaa
Published: January 2024

Objective: In this study Klebsiella pneumonia where isolated from urine samples and detection of extended spectrum Î²-Lactamases by using mPCR technique.Method: This isolated subjected to the antimicrobial susceptibility test (Disc diffusion) for some antibiotics following by multiplex PCR techniques for detection extended spectrum Î²-Lactamase genes (bla TEM, bla SHV, bla CTX-M and bla AMPC).Results: The extended spectrum Î²-Lactamase genes by PCR techniques were given bla CTX-M (30/93.75%), bla SHV (25/78.12%), bla TEM (18/56.25%) and bla AMPC (22/68.15%), respectively.Conclusion: K. pneumonia isolates of urinary tract infection patients highly associated with the emergence of bla CTX-M Î²-Lactamase that provides useful good treatment.
Comparative study of Helicobacter pylori best diagnosis methods and the Effect of some Risk Factors associated with infection
Authors: Al-Nami Nadia A. , H. Authman Sawsan , S. Al-kawaz Hayder
Published: January 2024

The present review is an attempt to find the best diagnosis method of H. pylori infection in patients with Peptic Ulcer Disease (PUD), as well as, determined the effect of some risk factors associated with this infection.These prospective cesses included, Ten H. pylori isolates were isolated out of 110 tissue gastric biopsies specimens existed from the patient's stomach that were suffering from dyspeptic symptoms, whom attended to Gastroenterology Centre in AL-Yarmook Teaching Hospital. With an age range 15-85 years from both genders. These biopsies subjected to, bacterial Cutler test for investigate the presence of H. pylori spp. and other biopsy test is Urease test that was performed by Two methods (slant urea agar base and Rapid Urease Test Kit). A further 30 healthy volunteers individual, uninfected with H. pylori were involved as a control group. Besides that, 140 venous blood specimens were collected from patients and control group for Enzyme Linked Immuno Sorbent Assay, also for ABO blood group test. And the results obtained clearly showed increase the frequency prevalence of H. pylori distribution to reach 60 (54.55%) patients.
Evaluation of Retinal Changes in preclinical chlorouquine maculopathy using spectral domain optical coherence tomography
Authors: H.Attar Hassanain
Published: January 2024

Purpose: evaluation of retinal changes using spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) in early detection of Chloroquine maculopathy in Iraqi patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Methods: ninty six patients were included in this study .They were divided into two groups . First group compose of (46) patients with RA(rheumatoid arthritis) who received chloroquine therapy for more than two years. All patients had no clinical feature of Chloroquine retinopathy. Second group (control group)were (50)normal female. They were evaluated using SD-OCT. Results:The mean central foveal thickness(CFT) was less in the Chloroquine group (228.94?µm ± 4.71) compare to normal controls (255.12?µm ± 11.54), which was statistically significant ( p value 0.001). The mean parafoveal thickness was thinner in the Chloroquine group than other group in superior,inferior and temporal quadrants . Conclusions: In the preclinical stage, chloroquine toxicity might result in early thinning involving mainly central fovea and parafoveal zone ,this changes can be detected by SD-OCT
Improved endometrial thickness and vascularity following vitamins E and C administration in infertile women undergoing controlled ovarian stimulation
Authors: Abdulamer Nasir Shaimaa
Published: January 2024

Background: The most frequently used treatment to induce ovulation is clomiphene citrate which, unfortunately has the disadvantage of causing impaired endometrial growth. For successful conception to be achieved, optimal endometrial conditions are mandatory. The idea of giving vitamin C and E to infertile women on clomiphene citrate has been raised in published literature; however the subject is still controversial. Aim of the study: To study the effect of adding vitamins C and E supplementation to infertile women undergoing controlled ovarian stimulation, on endometrial thickness and vascularity. Patients and methods: The present case control study included 80 infertile women visiting infertility unit at Maternity and children hospital / Al-Dewaniyha city/ Iraq. From June 2014 to June 2016. Their age range was 20 to 35 years. They were classified into two groups: the first one included 40 patients and were treated using combine therapy of clomiphine citrate and vitamin E and C and the second group included 40 infertile women treated with clomiphine citrate only. Results: Median endometrial thickness was significantly greater in group 1 than that of group 2, 4.5 mm versus 3.1 mm on day 2 and 8.3 m versus 5.9 mm on day 12, respectively (P<0.001). Median endometrial vascular resistance was not significantly different in day 2; however it was significantly lower in group 1 compared to that of group 2 when assessed in day 12, 0.4 versus 0.6, respectively (P<0.001). Conclusion: Administration of vitamins E and C to subfertile women undergoing controlled ovarian stimulation causes significant improvement in endometrial thickness and vascularity through anti-oxidant mechanism
Optimization of silver nanoparticle biosynthesis process using cell-free filtrate of Aspergillus niger
Authors: Hamad Uobeed Al-Hamadani Adnan , Abbas Kareem Aqeel
Published: January 2024

Nanotechnology and nanoparticle (NPs) research has attracted a lot of interest in recent decades, and there is growing attention to find more effective ways for their synthesis. The use of biological organism as bionanofactories provides a clean and promising alternative process for the fabrication of silver nanoparticles. This study confirmed the production of silver nanoparticles (SNPs) by a cost effective, safe and environment-friendly technique using silver nitrate and cell free filtrate of the fungus Aspergillus niger as the reducing agent. The optimization of different parameters, including the culture media, pH, reaction temperature, concentration of silver nitrate solution and reduction time, were carried out to achieve better control of size, shape, stability, and to increase the yield of SNPs production. The UV-visible spectrophotometric analysis of the biosynthesized silver nanoparticles by Aspergillus niger cell-free filtrate showed characteristic surface plasmon absorption peak at 420 nm. The presence of proteins as viable reducing agents for the formation and stability of SNPs was recorded using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopic analysis (FTIR) .Further scanning electron microscopy (SEM) micrograph showed the formation of spherical, well-dispersed nanoparticles with size ranging between 15 and 50 nm in diameter. The element composition of the mixture sample was obtained from the Energy Dispersive Analysis of X-ray (EDX). It concluded that the optimum condition for biosynthesis of SNPs were the use of Potato dextrose broth medium at pH 9, 30°C for 120 h with 1mM silver nitrate.
Evaluation of the management of obstructive jaundice in Diwaniyia Teaching Hospital
Authors: Raoof Alammar Nahedh
Published: January 2024

Background:Obstructive Jaundice is a common surgical problem with variable causes ranging from benign causes like choledocholithiasis to malignant causes like carcinoma of head of pancrease,its clinical features vary according to its causes and the treatment vary from curative to palliative procedures. Many factors may affect the morbidity and mortality like the age of patients, depending etiology and the presence of associated comorbid diseases.Aim of the studyTo evaluate the management of obstructive jaundice in patient admitted to Al-Diwanyia Teaching Hospital.Patients and Methods:Prospective study was done in Al-Diwanyia Teaching Hospital between January 2011 and December 2014. 90 patients presented with obstructive jaundice admitted in AL-Dewanyia Teaching Hospital were included in this study. Data were collected regarding to the presenting clinical features, the diagnostic techniques, operative procedures and the causes of hospital mortality and morbidity and were analyzed so that a complete picture of these details can be assessed for obstructive jaundice in Al-Diwanyia teaching hospital.ResultA total of 90 patients were studied. Female out numbered male by ratio of 1.5: 1. The majority of cases found in the age group 50-59 years. Most common etiology was choledocholithiasis.Most patients with obstructive jaundice presented with jaundice and upper abdominal pain. The most frequent applied investigation was the liver function test which was done to all patients. Imaging techniques were applied variably with the U\S was the most applied while MRCP was the next; however, the accuracy was higher with the latter technique Intervention depends on the main etiology: for the choledocholithiasis, most common intervention was ERCP, for CA head of pancreas the most common operation done was by pass procedure and for complicated hepato biliary hydatid disease the CBD exploration with T-tube was the common.The post-operative morbidity was 13.33% mostly due to respiratory complications, while mortality was 3.33 %mostly due to sepsis .Conclusion:Most common cause of obstructive jaundice in patients referred to AlDiwanyia teaching hospital was choledocholithiasis and biliary stricture comes second.U/S and MRCP are the most common applied imaging techniques in diagnosis of obstructive jaundice. The threshold for their application was high.The most common applied intervention to treat obstructive jaundice was the therapeutic ERCP, while the least applied intervention was open surgical procedures
Antibiotics Resistance and Integron Class 1 among Commonsal Escherichia coli
Authors: M. khadhim Manal , A. Kazaal Meraim
Published: January 2024

Normal intestinal microbiota are a reservoir for antibiotic resistance (genes) especially Escherichia coli (E. coli). The goal of this study was to investigate the prevalence of integrons class 1 and antibiotic resistance among commensal E. coli isolates and detect the association of integron class 1 with antibiotic resistance (single or multiple drug resistance) that may be transport horizontally to other bacteria. Three hundred one E. coli isolates from stools were obtained from healthy individuals (age from 1to 80 years). All isolates were tested for their susceptibility against 16 antimicrobial agents using standard disc diffusion method and for the presence of class 1 integrons by PCR. Integrase genes detected in 112 isolates (37%) out of 301 tested isolate. High resistance observed for most antibiotics especially ampicilln, amoxcillin, lincomycin, cephalexin while resistance to amikacin and gentamicin was less common. Furthermore resistance to cefotaxime, ciprofloxacin, oxytetracyclin, tetracycline and trimethoprim significantly associated (p < 0.05) with IntI1 gene positive isolates. All integrons positive isolates are resist to more than five antibiotics and significantly associated with many resistance patterns. In conclusion, increase antibiotic resistance among commensal E. coli in this population that companied with increase frequency of integron class 1 that significantly associated with resistance for single or multiple antibiotic agents.
Reproductive health awareness among Al-Qadisiyah medical students
Authors: Jabor Suhail Hadi
Published: January 2024

Background:Regenerative wellbeing focused on Millennium Development Goals won't be accomplished without enhancing information and mindfulness and access to conceptive wellbeing. Most of the youngsters have almost no information on what sexual rights they are qualified for. This review was expected to survey learning of regenerative and sexual rights and in addition related elements among Al-Qadisia medicinal understudies.Objectives:1-To evaluate the consciousness of regenerative wellbeing among Al-Qadisia medicinal undergraduate medical students.

2-To distinguish the socio-statistic variables adding to sexual and regenerative wellbeing and family arranging.Material and MethodsA cross sectional review was directed from December 2015 up to the March 2016 with a specific end goal to know familiarity with Al-Qadisia restorative understudies about the regenerative wellbeing.A disproportional strata randomization sample of (387) students was taken from the six departments of the college.Questionnaire was designed to measure the phenomena " knowledge and awareness of students in college of medicine about the reproductive health" the final copy of the questionnaire consists of twelve main parts, the first part concerning of demographic characteristics, while the second part of the checklist contain age of marriage and conception ,the third part contain knowledge about reproductive health and family planning ,and other parts contain awareness regarding factors related to infertility, knowledge about abortion and reproductive health, knowledge about route of transmission of STIs, etc … .ResultsThe vast majority of the study sample (50%) with age ranging (<21) years ,about (78%) were female, (98%) of students were single , on other hand the level of ‘awareness’ was (86%) regarding age of marriage and (80%) regarding conception , also about the importance of the premarital investigations, the most important investigation they know was ABO compatibility.Regarding sexual transmitted diseases about fifty percent know and other fifty percent they didn’t know the transmission of some disease between couples through sexual contact., one quarter nominated AIDS as the disease that could be transmitted sexually and about two thirds they don’t know any other diseases, 42.4% they believed that STDs could cause infertility and 52.7% they don’t know about that. More than half ( 56.6% ) believed that contraceptive uses cause infertility.Conclusions and Recommendations:The study found that the level of ‘awareness’ was ‘good’ regarding age of marriage and conception , also about the importance of the premarital investigations, the most important investigation they know was ABO compatibility. fifty percent know and other fifty percent they didn’t know sexual transmitted disease, more than half believed that contraceptive cause infertility .Based on the finding of this study the researcher recommended further studies should be conducted with a wide range sample and hold Programs that provide information about the reproductive health awareness.
Association of HLA-DR3, DR4, and B27 gen in autoimmune hepatitis patients
Authors: A. Alhilali Hammadi , Abaulla Taher Abdulrazzaq , T. Al-Obeidy Osama
Published: January 2024

AIH so far thought to be an auto-immune disease. One of the genetic predisposing factors is thought to be HLA-DR3 and DR4 genes. The present study aimed at investigation the frequencies of HLA-DR3, DR4 and HLA-B27 genes among the Real-time PCR were used for the HLA-genes. The age of the patients were ranged from 7- 69 years in AIH group and from 8-67 years in healthy controls group. On the context of genotyping of HLA- genes, DR3, DR4, and B27 were found to be differed in their frequencies significantly among AIH patients that creating high etiological fraction of 0.504, 0.583, and 0.129 respectively compared to healthy controls, with odd ratio (OR) 7.35 for DR3, high OR 8.0 for DR4 and 2.23 for B27. The frequencies of these genes in AIH patients, highly significant differed between patient group, for DR3 compared to healthy group which 58.3% and 16% respectively, and very high significantly differed between patient group for DR4 compared to healthy group which 66.7% and 20% respectively, while no significant differed between patient group compared to healthy group for B27 which 23.3% and 12% respectively.