bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Topochemical synthesis of phase-pure Mo2AlB2 through staging mechanism
Authors: Kim Kijae , Chen Chi , Nishio-Hamane Daisuke , Okubo Masashi , Yamada Atsuo
Published: June 2019

Phase-pure Mo2AlB2 with a single Al layer, a possible precursor for MBenes, was synthesized topochemically by the removal of an Al layer from MoAlB.
Selective C–H acylation of indoles with α-oxocarboxylic acids at the C4 position by palladium catalysis
Authors: Zhang Jitan , Wu Manyi , Fan Jian , Xu Qiaoqiao , Xie Meihua
Published: June 2019

The first catalytic C–H acylation of indoles at the C4 position with α-oxocarboxylic acids by palladium catalysis is described.
Interplay between conformational and solvent effects in UV-visible absorption spectra: curcumin tautomers as a case study
Authors: Puglisi Alessandra , Giovannini Tommaso , Antonov Liudmil , Cappelli Chiara
Published: June 2019

We present a combined theoretical and experimental study on the UV-vis spectra of enol–keto (EK) and keto–keto (KK) tautomeric forms of curcumin dissolved in aqueous solution.
The effects of H+, NH3OH+ and NH4+ on the thermal decomposition of bistetrazole N-oxide anion
Authors: Zhao Chuande , Chi Yu , Xiong Ying , Yu Qian , Wang Xinfeng , Fan Guijuan , Yu Kun
Published: June 2019

Dihydroxylammonium 5,5′-bistetrazole-1,1′-diolate (TKX-50) has attracted great interest as it breaks through the limitations of the traditional nitro group, high detonation velocity and moderate impact sensitivity.
Neuronal damage induced by nanopolystyrene particles in nematodeCaenorhabditis elegans
Authors: Qu Man , Kong Yan , Yuan Yujie , Wang Dayong
Published: June 2019

Our observations highlight the potential of nanoplastics in inducing damage on both development and functions of nervous system after long-term exposure.
In search of bioinspired hydrogels from amphiphilic peptides: a template for nanoparticle stabilization for the sustained release of anticancer drugs
Authors: Mehra Radha Rani , Tiwari Priyanka , Basu Anindya , DuttKonar Anita
Published: June 2019

This report presents the efficiency of palmitic acid-based proteolytically stable, biocompatible hydrogelators for the sustained release of anticancer drugs.
Phytic acid-based copper(ii) ion-selective electrode on graphene oxide for potentiometric immunoassay of breast cancer antigen 15-3
Authors: Zheng Min , Cao Yong-Jin , Cai Wei-Hua , Shi Xi , Wang Mou-Feng , Deng Yu-Jie
Published: June 2019

A potentiometric immunoassay based on a copper(ii) ion-selective electrode (Cu-ISE) was designed for the quantitative determination of carbohydrate antigen 15-3 (CA 15-3; a tumor marker associated with breast cancer).
Palladium-catalyzed selectiveN-allylation of indoles assisted by PEG–water system
Authors: Peng Bai-Jing , Huang Yi-Ting , Fülöp Ferenc , Lin I-Ling , Yang Shyh-Chyun
Published: June 2019

The synthesis ofN-allylic indoles is of great interest because of their potential biological properties.
New methodology of nucleophilic substitution at three different centers of a seleniranium intermediate in reactions of 2-bromomethyl-1,3-thiaselenole with mercapto benzazoles
Authors: Amosova Svetlana V. , Filippov Andrey S. , Makhaeva Nataliya A. , Albanov Alexander I. , Potapov Vladimir A.
Published: June 2019

Regio- and stereoselective reactions accompanied by rearrangements with ring extension or contraction.
Tailored nanoplateau and nanochannel structures using solution-processed rutile TiO2 thin films for complementary and bipolar switching characteristics
Authors: Abbas Yawar , Ambade Rohan B. , Ambade Swapnil B. , Han Tae Hee , Choi Changhwan
Published: June 2019

Nanoplateau and nanochannel structured RRAM and the corresponding electric characteristics with BRS and CRS properties.
Thiol substrate-promoted dehydrogenative cyclization of arylmethyl thiols with ortho-substituted amines: a universal approach to heteroaromatic compounds
Authors: Zhang Jinli , Qiao Mengjun , Chen Ling , Dong Yibo , Jiao Chengkang , Liao Shengqi , Wu Yangjie
Published: June 2019

A thiol substrate-promoted one-pot synthesis of a library of heteroaromatic compounds was developed.
High capacity vanadium oxide electrodes: effective recycling through thermal treatment
Authors: Huang Jianping , Housel Lisa M. , Wang Lei , Bruck Andrea M. , Quilty Calvin D. , Abraham Alyson , Lutz Diana M. , Tang Christopher R. , Kiss Andrew , Thieme Juergen , Takeuchi Kenneth J. , Takeuchi Esther S. , Marschilok Amy C.
Published: June 2019

The current paper demonstrates that thermal regeneration is an effective approach to recover material crystallinity, restore functional delivered capacity of the degraded phases, while retaining the integrity of the parent electrode.
Carbon nitride as a new way to facilitate the next generation of carbon-based supercapacitors
Authors: Ghaemmaghami Mostafa , Mohammadi Rahim
Published: June 2019

As an earth-abundant material, graphitic carbon nitride has become a new research hotspot and drawn broad interdisciplinary attention in the area of energy storage and conversion and it showed great potential for application in supercapacitors.
Highly efficient fullerene and non-fullerene based ternary organic solar cells incorporating a new tetrathiocin-cored semiconductor
Authors: Krishnan Jagadamma Lethy , Taylor Rupert G. D. , Kanibolotsky Alexander L. , Sajjad Muhammad Tariq , Wright Iain A. , Horton Peter N. , Coles Simon J. , Samuel Ifor D. W. , Skabara Peter J.
Published: June 2019

A dual-chain structural motif provides a new promising material for ternary OPV devices.
Carbon dioxide photo/electroreduction with cobalt
Authors: Li Caihong , Tong Xin , Yu Peng , Du Wen , Wu Jiang , Rao Heng , Wang Zhiming M.
Published: June 2019

This review summarizes the recent progress made in using cobalt-based catalysts for photo/electrocatalytic CO2reduction.
Integrating amino groups within conjugated microporous polymers by versatile thiol–yne coupling for light-driven hydrogen evolution
Authors: Wang Xuepeng , Zhao Xiaodong , Dong Wenbo , Zhang Xiaohu , Xiang Yonggang , Huang Qiaoyun , Chen Hao
Published: June 2019

Photocatalytic H2 evolution activity of conjugated microporous polymers were enhanced significantly by the versatile thiol–yne coupling post-modification.
Lead-free low-dimensional tin halide perovskites with functional organic spacers: breaking the charge-transport bottleneck
Authors: Ju Ming-Gang , Dai Jun , Ma Liang , Zhou Yuanyuan , Liang Wanzhen , Zeng Xiao Cheng
Published: June 2019

A new family of 2D OIHPs that may potentially break the charge-transport ‘bottleneck’ are designed by introducing π-conjugation organic species as the spacers. Their electronic structures are predicted to exhibit type-II band alignment.
Another Temporal Processing Deficit in Individuals With Developmental Dyslexia: The Case of Normalization for Speaking Rate
Authors: Gabay Yafit , Najjar Inaas-Jana , Reinisch Eva
Published: June 2019

Purpose

Developmental dyslexia (DD) has mostly been attributed to arise from phonological impairments; however, several theories indicate a temporal processing deficit as the underlying cause of DD. So far, research examined the influence of temporal cues on concurrent speech sound categorization in DD, but effects of temporal information from a context (e.g., speaking rate) on the perception of subsequent sounds (i.e., “rate normalization”) have not been considered. This study examined whether individuals with DD are capable of implicitly extracting temporal information embedded in context and use it for phoneme categorization to the same extent as healthy readers.

Method

Fifteen individuals diagnosed with DD and 16 healthy readers, all native speakers of Hebrew, listened to context sentences followed by target words. They had to indicate whether the target word sounded more like
taam
(“taste”; a long-vowel response) or
tam
(“naïve”; a short-vowel response). Temporal information of the context was manipulated (slow vs. fast speaking rate sentences) as well as the vowel duration of the target in a 5-step continuum.

Results

Listeners with DD did use the rate context to inform their decisions but to a significantly lesser extent than healthy listeners. In addition, their categorization of the vowel duration continuum was somewhat less distinct than that of the control group.

Conclusions

Individuals with DD are impaired not only in tasks involving direct temporal processing, as shown in previous studies but also in the use of temporal information of a context that impacts the perception of subsequent target words. This inability to fully utilize rate normalization processes may influence the formation of abstract phonological representations in individuals with DD.
Compressive domain spatial–temporal difference saliency‐based realtime adaptive measurement method for video recovery
Authors: Li Honggui
Published: June 2019

This study proposes an adaptive compressed sensing (CS) method for video recovery based on spatial–temporal difference saliency in compressive domain. Firstly, the theoretical framework of realtime adaptive CS for video restoration is established, which includes two components: on‐chip and off‐chip. Secondly, the computation model of compressive domain spatial–temporal difference‐based saliency detection is built, which merely depends on the intra‐frame and inter‐frame similarities of compressive measurements. Thirdly, binary‐group approximation algorithm of subrate allocation is presented to achieve a quasi‐optimal solution. Finally, simulation experiments are designed to evaluate the performance of the proposed method, and it is indicated by the experimental results that the proposed method is suitable for realtime implementation and holds higher peak signal to noise ratio compared with the state‐of‐the‐art methods.
X‐band compact coaxial power combiner for high‐power applications
Authors: Meng Ru , Xia Yulong , Guo Letian , Guo Yuanyue , Zhu Qi
Published: June 2019

A four‐way power combiner with small cross‐sectional size and high power capacity is investigated in this study. The design is based on the cascaded structure of three rectangular hybrid rings and one coaxial‐to‐waveguide transition. The combiner consists of coaxial and waveguide structures to ensure high power capacity. The compact cross‐sectional size (0.71 λ × 0.74 λ at the centre frequency) is achieved by employing transverse electric magnetic (TEM)‐mode coaxial line structures. A prototype power combiner is fabricated and tested to verify the design results. It has been demonstrated that the proposed power combiner has a power capacity of 16 kW. The return loss is better than 25 dB, isolation degree higher than 27 dB, and amplitude imbalance within 0.16 dB limits in the operating band 8–9 GHz, validated with both simulations and experiments. The proposed structure is suitable for kW‐level power combining and it can also be implemented in planar forms for a wider range of applications.
Temporal analysis of Sand and Dust Storms (SDS) between the years 2003 and 2017 in the Central Asia
Authors: Dundar Cihan , Gokcen Isik Ayse , Oguz Kahraman
Published: June 2019

Mineral dust particles play a vital role in climate and the Earth's energy budget and can have impact on weather systems. It has both direct (dust-radiation effect) and indirect (dust-microphysical effect) impacts on the energy budget effect. The most important sources of dust aerosols are located in the Northern Hemisphere, primarily over the Sahara in North Africa, the Middle East, Central and South Asia respectively and Central Asia is under the influence of mineral dust. The objective of this study to carry out intensity and frequency analysis of sand and dust storm in Central Asia for the period 2003-2017 and compare the results with global values as well as the values of the Middle East region. The AOD and AE parameters can be used to differentiate between coarse and fine particles of aerosols. To investigate average annual and monthly AOD (aerosol optical depth) and AE (angstrom exponent) for the period 2003-2017, AOD and AE data of MODIS Aqua is obtained from Giovanni website. In summary, for the last years (2013-2017), annual mean AOD is comparably lower than the other periods while the values are the highest between 2008 and 2012 for both Central Asia and Middle East. The results point out that there is no increasing trend in AOD values for the recent years and annual Central Asia AOD values show a similar trend with the Middle East AOD values.
Vertical profiles of dust and other aerosol types above a coastal site
Authors: Althausen Dietrich , Mewes Silke , Heese Birgit , Hofer Julian , Schechner Yoav , Aides Amit , Holodovsky Vadim
Published: June 2019

Monthly mean vertical profiles of aerosol type occurrences are determined from multiwavelength Raman and polarization lidar measurements above Haifa, Israel, in 2017. This contribution presents the applied methods and threshold values. The results are discussed for one example, May 2017. This month shows more often large, non-spherical particles in lofted layers than within the planetary boundary layer. Small particles are observed at higher altitudes only when they are observed in lower altitudes, too.
Classification of aerosols using multiple clustering techniques over Zanjan, Iran, during 2010-2014
Authors: Gharibzadeh Maryam , Alam Khan , Abedini Yousefali , Bidokhti Abbasali Aliakbari
Published: June 2019

A more detailed study and identification of aerosol types can help to better understand the sources and effects of aerosols. In the present study, a number of optical properties of aerosols have been investigated seasonal for discrimination of aerosol types during 2010-2014 over Zanjan, Iran. Also using AERosol RObotic NETwork (AERONET) data, aerosol was classified by multiple clustering techniques. Both fine and coarse modes particles were seen in seasonal averaged of Aerosol Volume Size Distribution (AVSD). Single Scattering Albedo (SSA) variations indicate the presence of scattering aerosol like dust in the spring, summer and fall, and dominance of absorbing type aerosols in the winter. The maximum value of the phase function was observed in the summer and in small scattering angle which can be due to presence of coarse mode dust particles. The scatter plot of Aerosol Optical Depth (AOD) versus Angstrom Exponent (AE) is one of the most effective methods to find aerosol types. Extinction Angstrom exponent (EAE) versus SSA and EAE versus absorption Angstrom exponent (AAE) are other ways to classification of aerosol types. Graphs show abundance of dust in the spring, summer and fall in Zanjan's atmosphere. Also presence of urban/industrial aerosols is in all seasons, especially in the fall and winter. In addition mixed aerosols exist in all seasons. On the other hand, no biomass burning aerosols found in Zanjan's atmosphere.
CADEX and beyond: Installation of a new PollyXT site in Dushanbe
Authors: Engelmann Ronny , Hofer Julian , Makhmudov Abduvosit N. , Baars Holger , Hanbuch Karsten , Ansmann Albert , Abdullaev Sabur F. , Macke Andreas , Althausen Dietrich
Published: June 2019

During the 18-month Central Asian Dust Experiment we conducted continuous lidar measurements at the Physical Technical Institute of the Academy of Sciences of Tajikistan in Dushanbe between 2015 and 2016. Mineral dust plumes from various source regions have been observed and characterized in terms of their occurrence, and their optical and microphysical properties with the Raman lidar PollyXT. Currently a new container-based lidar system is constructed which will be installed for continuous long-term measurements in Dushanbe.
Modelling transportation of desert dust to the South Caucasus using WRF Chem model
Authors: Davitashvili Teimuraz
Published: June 2019

The problem of the ongoing climate change resulting from natural and growing anthropogenic factors acquires a particular importance for the territory of the Caucasus. Dust aerosol represent one of the main pollutants on the territory of Georgia and impact on regional climate. In this study, the WRF Chemistry model with dust module is used to study transportation of dust to the territory of the South Caucasus from the Sahara and Sahel in Africa, Arabian and ar-Rub’ al-Khali deserts located in the Middle East, Kyzylkum, Karakum in the Central Asia. The results of calculations have shown the WRF model was able to simulate dust aerosols transportation to the Caucasus reliably in conditions of the complex topography and that dust aerosol is an important factor in the climate system of the South Caucasus.
Stellenwert des Procalcitonins als Sepsismarker
Authors: Kleinbrahm Kathrin , Wappler Frank , Sakka Samir G.
Published: June 2019

Bei einer Sepsis sind eine adäquate Diagnostik und Therapie von wesentlicher prognostischer Bedeutung. Neben der Blutkulturanalyse werden u. a. Biomarker wie das Procalcitonin (PCT) in der Diagnostik und zur Steuerung der antibiotischen Therapie eingesetzt. Aktuelle Daten legen nahe, dass eine PCT-gesteuerte Therapie auch das Outcome verbessern kann. Das PCT als diagnostisches Instrument ist jedoch mit einigen Einschränkungen verbunden.
Synkope, epileptischer oder psychogener Anfall? Der Weg zur richtigen Diagnose
Authors: Baumgartner Tobias , Surges Rainer
Published: June 2019

Transient loss of consciousness (TLOC) is a frequent cause of referral to an emergency room. In view of the impact on treatment and the patients’ daily life activities (e. g. profession, driving license), an accurate and timely diagnosis is of uttermost importance. This article provides key features and suggests a practical step-by-step approach of how to differentiate syncope, epileptic and psychogenic non-epileptic seizures as the commonest causes of nontraumatic TLOC.
Blutgerinnungsstörungen unter ECMO- und LVAD-Therapie
Authors: Straub Andreas
Published: June 2019

Bei Patienten mit schwerem respiratorischem und kardialem Versagen eignen sich die extrakorporale Membranoxygenierung (ECMO) und linksventrikuläre Herzunterstützungssysteme (LVAD) zur Stabilisierung der Vitalparameter. Deshalb sind ECMO- und LVAD-Systeme zu wichtigen Werkzeugen der modernen Medizin geworden. Sie können jedoch eine Koagulopathie induzieren, die durch hämorrhagische und thromboembolische Komplikationen geprägt ist.
Traumaassoziierte Koagulopathie: Pathophysiologie und Therapie
Authors: Schlömmer Christine , Meier Jens
Published: June 2019

Die anhaltende unkontrollierte Blutung ist eine der führenden Todesursachen bei polytraumatisierten Patienten 1, 2, 3, 4, 5. Hypoperfusion durch große Blutverluste führt zu Gewebeschäden, generalisierter Immunantwort sowie Aktivierung des Gerinnungssystems und damit zu einer traumaassoziierten Koagulopathie (TAK) 4, 5. Durch eine adäquate, frühzeitige Behandlung der TAK können Morbidität und Mortalität signifikant reduziert werden.
Diagnose und Differenzialdiagnose von peripheren und zentralen Schwindelsyndromen
Authors: Strupp Michael , Feil Katharina , Zwergal Andreas
Published: June 2019

The diagnosis of the various peripheral and central vestibular disorders is mainly based on the patient history (time course, type of symptoms, modulating factors, and accompanying symptoms) and a systematic clinical examination of the vestibular, ocular motor, and cerebellar systems (examination for nystagmus, head impulse test, positional maneuvers, Romberg test and examination for central ocular motor signs). The two most important laboratory tests are the “video-head impulse test” and caloric irrigation. Fortunately, the diagnosis of vestibular disorders has become easier and more precise as a result of the very clinically oriented diagnostic criteria of the Bárány Society (www.jvr-web.org/ICVD.html).
Perioperative Gerinnungsstörungen: Diagnostik und Therapie
Authors: Keller Marius , Magunia Harry
Published: June 2019

Die Behandlung von Blutungen im Rahmen einer Operation ist eine der Kernaufgaben des Anästhesisten. Neben der ständigen Kommunikation mit dem Operateur ist hierfür ein fundiertes Verständnis der vielfältigen Ursachen essenziell, um einen schnellstmöglichen Behandlungserfolg zu erzielen. Der Beitrag stellt die wichtigsten Zusammenhänge zur Diagnostik und Therapie perioperativer Blutungen dar.
Schwindel bei kardiologischen Erkrankungen
Authors: Jilek Clemens , Lewalter Thorsten
Published: June 2019

Dizziness is a symptom that may be of cardiac origin. Diagnosis and treatment of cardiac diseases is of important prognostic impact. Dizziness may be caused due to two different cardiac disorders: (1) as symptom of a cardioembolic event or (2) as a symptom of a low cardiac output leading to an intermittent global cerebral hypoperfusion. This review article presents diagnostic as well as therapeutic pathways in a comprehensive tabular overview.
Die Bedeutung der Arbeit
Authors: Meyer Thorsten
Published: June 2019

Liebe Leserinnen und Leser,

einen essentiellen Aspekt der Teilhabe am gesellschaftlichen Leben als Ziel von Rehabilitation stellt das Erwerbsleben dar. Die Erwerbsarbeit nimmt „…eine zentrale Stellung im Leben eines Menschen ein. Sie dient der materiellen Existenzsicherung, kann sinn- und identitätsstiftend sein, bestimmt zu einem entscheidenden Anteil die ‚soziale Platzierung‘ […] einer Person in der Gesellschaft und stellt aus sozialpolitischer Sicht ein Medium sozialer Integration dar“. – so formuliert es einleitend Susanne Bartel in ihrem Beitrag. Zu dieser Platzierung gehört auch die Strukturierung des Lebenslaufs der meisten erwachsenen Menschen durch die Arbeit. Sie stellt einen fundamentalen gesellschaftlichen Orientierungsrahmen dar. So gibt es eine Zeit, in der von uns erwartet wird, zu arbeiten, und eine Zeit, in der das nicht (mehr) erwartet wird. Diese Grenze verändert sich gerade – vgl. die aktuelle Erhöhung des Renteneintrittsalters auf 67 Jahre – und sie wird unschärfer – vgl. Flexi-Rentengesetz. In der Logik der Leistungsgesellschaft hat die Rehabilitation von Menschen im erwerbsfähigen Alter die Aufgabe, die Erwerbsfähigkeit der Menschen zu erhalten bzw. wiederherzustellen, um sie – nicht zuletzt zur Stabilisierung unserer Sozialversicherungssysteme – möglichst lange im Erwerbsleben zu halten. Rehabilitation setzt dabei auf individueller Ebene an, wohlwissend, dass viele Gründe für eine Gefährdung der Erwerbstätigkeit auf struktureller, gesellschaftlicher Ebene zu finden sind. Der zunehmende Druck auf unsere Sozialversicherungssysteme findet also in dem Druck auf Erwerbstätige, länger im Arbeitsleben zu verbleiben, ihren Aus-druck – und damit auch in den gesellschaftlichen Ansprüchen an die Rehabilitation.
Trockene AMD – zelluläre und gentherapeutische Behandlungsansätze
Authors: Johnen Sandra , Koutsonas Antonis
Published: June 2019

Die zunehmende Anzahl degenerativer Erkrankungen ist zurückzuführen auf unsere immer älter werdende Gesellschaft sowie die diffizile Etablierung definierter Therapiekonzepte. Im Fall der trockenen altersbedingten Makuladegeneration (AMD) und dem späten Stadium der geografischen Atrophie (GA) existieren bislang lediglich verschiedene Behandlungsformen, die eine verzögerte Progression des Krankheitsverlaufs bewirken, jedoch keine Therapie, die in der Lage ist, die geschädigten retinalen Pigmentepithel (RPE) und/oder Photorezeptorzellen wiederherzustellen. Demgegenüber verfolgen zell- und/oder genbasierte Behandlungsansätze das Ziel der Regeneration des geschädigten Gewebes und/oder der kontinuierlichen Sezernierung zellschützender Agenzien. Der Artikel beschreibt die aktuell in der klinischen Austestung befindlichen Ansätze, die auf der Verwendung von zellbasierten Drug-Delivery-Systemen, Stammzellen unterschiedlichen Ursprungs und virusbasierten Gentherapieverfahren beruhen. Abschließend wird ein Ausblick auf verschiedene Therapieweiterentwicklungen gegeben und es werden eigene Forschungsarbeiten vorgestellt, die auf einer Kombination aus Pigmentepithelzelltransplantation und additiver nicht viraler Gentherapie zur Behandlung degenerativer Netzhauterkrankungen basieren.
A Rare Intrasplenic Varix in a Patient with Chronic Liver Disease and Portal Hypertension
Authors: Kumarasamy Sivasundhar , Sekhar Karumuri Srinivas , Vaithyanathan Malathi , Sengottaiyan Saravanakumar , Shanmugasundaram Saravanan Thangam
Published: June 2019

We present a rare case of spontaneous intrasplenic varix in a patient with chronic liver disease and portal hypertension. The venous collaterals and presence of portal hypertension was incidentally detected by abdominal contrast-enhanced computed tomographic imaging during evaluation of a suspected abdominal trauma following a road traffic accident. There have been a few reports of splenic vein aneurysms in the extrasplenic location. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first reported case of intrasplenic varix that developed in an adult with chronic liver disease and portal hypertension which is a rare manifestation of a well-known disease.
Small Bowel Diverticulosis Causing Pneumoperitoneum without Peritonitis: A Case Report
Authors: Benjamin Geena , Thomas Agnes , Koshy Mathew
Published: June 2019

Small bowel diverticulosis is a rare finding, with varied clinical presentations, which make the diagnosis difficult and delayed. Many cases are asymptomatic. However, it is an entity that can present with fatal complications. Here, we present a case of a 79-year-old male patient with diffuse small bowel diverticulosis, who presented with loose stools and acute exacerbation of chronic abdominal pain. Plain abdominal X-ray showed dilated bowel loops and pneumoperitoneum, which raised the possibility of bowel perforation. Computed tomography images revealed diffuse small bowel diverticulosis and pneumoperitoneum. Subsequent explorative laparotomy revealed no bowel perforation. Small bowel diverticulosis is a well-known cause of chronic/recurrent pneumoperitoneum without peritonitis or surgery.
Multidetector Computed Tomographic Characterization of a Rare Retroperitoneal Mass in the Left Psoas Compartment
Authors: Ramanan Rochita Venkata , Krishnan Elankumaran , Menon Maya , Shivanandan Ponneyinchelvi
Published: June 2019

We discuss a case of a rare, large, left-sided retroperitoneal mass that presented a diagnostic difficulty in characterization both radiologically and pathologically. We analyze the imaging findings in a step-by-step manner to understand its structure of origin, components, and tissue characterization. Intraoperative images are correlated with multidetector computed tomographic (CT) scan images to demonstrate spatial orientation. A discussion of the pathological findings, and conclusions are made. This discussion highlights the methodology by which radiologic diagnosis is made on multidetector CT scans.
Radiation defect dynamics in SiC with pre-existing defects
Authors: Bayu Aji L. B. , Wallace J. B. , Kucheyev S. O.
Published: June 2019

The influence of pre-existing lattice disorder on radiation defect dynamics in SiC remains unexplored. Here, we use a pulsed ion beam method to study dynamic annealing in Ar-ion-bombarded 3C-SiC at 200 °C with different levels of pre-existing lattice disorder. Results reveal a nonmonotonic dependence of the defect relaxation time constant on the level of pre-existing disorder, exhibiting a maximum of ∼4 ms at a level of relative initial disorder of ∼0.4, while crystals without pre-existing damage are characterized by a time constant of ∼1.4 ms. These observations demonstrate that radiation defect dynamics in SiC can be controlled by defect engineering.
Optimized reconstructions of compressively sampled two-dimensional infrared spectra
Authors: Humston Jonathan J. , Bhattacharya Ipshita , Jacob Mathews , Cheatum Christopher M.
Published: June 2019

Compressive sampling has the potential to dramatically accelerate the pace of data collection in two-dimensional infrared (2D IR) spectroscopy. We have previously introduced the Generic Iteratively Reweighted Annihilating Filter (GIRAF) reconstruction algorithm to solve the reconstruction in 2D IR compressive sampling. Here, we report a thorough assessment of this method and comparison to our earlier efforts using the Total Variation (TV) algorithm. We show that the GIRAF algorithm has some distinct advantages over TV. Although it is no better or worse in terms of ameliorating the impacts of compressive sampling on the measured 2D IR line shape, we find that the nature of those effects is different for GIRAF than they were for TV. In addition to assessing the impacts on the line shape of a single oscillator, we also test the ability of the algorithm to reconstruct spectra that have transitions from more than one oscillator, such as the coupled carbonyl oscillators in rhodium dicarbonyl. Finally, and perhaps most importantly, we show that the GIRAF algorithm has a distinct denoising effect on the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of the 2D IR spectra that can increase the SNR by as much as 4× without any additional signal averaging and collecting fewer data points, which should further enhance the acceleration of data collection that can be achieved using compressive sampling and enable even more challenging experimental measurements.
Creating a microsphere ‘molecule’ in a magneto-gravitational trap
Authors: Larter Raima
Published: June 2019

A quadrupole magnet arrangement with an inherent asymmetry traps two charged silica microspheres, creating a model of a diatomic molecule.
Regulation of nuclear architecture, mechanics, and nucleocytoplasmic shuttling of epigenetic factors by cell geometric constraints
Authors: Alisafaei Farid , Jokhun Doorgesh Sharma , Shivashankar G. V. , Shenoy Vivek B.
Published: June 2019

Significance

Growing evidence suggests that cytoskeleton-mediated transmission of mechanical forces from the extracellular matrix (ECM) to the nucleus alters nuclear mechanics and architecture and these alterations can, in turn, impact the ability of the cell to respond to its mechanical microenvironment by regulating important nuclear functions including gene expression in both normal and diseased cells. Using a chemomechanical model together with micropatterning experiments, we elucidate how the physical properties of the microenvironment impact the properties of the nucleus by regulating the mechanisms through which mechanical forces are directly and indirectly transmitted from the ECM to the nucleus. This information can be used to understand how chromosome configurations are altered in response to changes in nuclear mechanical properties following cues from the microenvironment.
Persistence of the permeability transition pore in human mitochondria devoid of an assembled ATP synthase
Authors: Carroll Joe , He Jiuya , Ding Shujing , Fearnley Ian M. , Walker John E.
Published: June 2019

Significance

Mitochondria generate the cellular fuel, adenosine triphosphate, or ATP, to sustain complex life. Production of ATP depends on the oxidation of energy-rich compounds to produce a chemical potential difference for hydrogen ions (or proton motive force, pmf), across the inner mitochondrial membrane (IMM). Disruption of the IMM, dissipation of the pmf, and cell death occur if the total concentration of calcium inside mitochondria is elevated sufficiently to open a pore in the IMM. It has been proposed that the pore is in the membrane sector of the ATP synthase. Here, we show that five membrane proteins associated with the enzyme’s stator are not involved in the pore, and that the pore persists in the absence of the enzyme complex.
How to delete
Authors: McCarthy John J.
Published: June 2019

Using data from Arabic and other languages, this chapter argues that segmental deletion processes are gradual in the sense that segments are lost through attrition rather than all at once. The argument is framed within Harmonic Serialism, a derivational version of Optimality Theory that allows deletion processes to be decomposed into successive reduction steps.
On complex adjectival phrases in Standard Arabic
Authors: Aldholmi Yahya , Ouali Hamid , Trinh Tue
Published: June 2019

In this paper, we present three puzzling observations concerning a class of adjectival constructions in Standard Arabic: (i) pleonastic definiteness, where an instance of definite morphology is semantically transparent, (ii) required resumption, where the absence of a resumptive pronoun leads to deviance, and (iii) case and agreement misalignment, where the domain for structural case assignment does not coincide with that for agreement marking. We then propose a resolution for these puzzles. Our proposal takes seriously the idea that semantics is purely interpretive, i.e. that the truth condition of the sentence is to be computed compositionally from its syntactic structure. The proposal includes two generalizations about case and agreement which turn out to concur to a large degree with widely accepted views on syntactic relations concerning these phenomena. The generalizations are (i) that arguments of 2-place predicates receive Accusative case and arguments of one-place predicates receive Nominative case, and (ii) that sentential nodes are barriers for agreement. Another conclusion of our proposal is that indices on pronouns can undergo movement which results in predicate abstraction and which exhibit properties of Ᾱ-movement.
Resumption ameliorates different islands differentially
Authors: Tucker Matthew A. , Idrissi Ali , Sprouse Jon , Almeida Diogo
Published: June 2019

Two acceptability experiments are presented which assess whether resumptive pronouns freely alternate with gaps and/or ameliorate island violation effects in wh-questions in Modern Standard Arabic. Both experiments test Complex Noun Phrase Constraint violations, adjunct island violations, and whether island violations. The results indicate that resumption is largely only acceptable with structurally complex DP fillers (which-NP) and is generally preferred to gapped structures in long-distance dependencies. Resumption is also shown to ameliorate the grammatical component of some island violations (adjunct and whether islands), but in different quantitative amounts across different islands. The overall picture which emerges is one in which resumption is quantitatively, but perhaps not qualitatively, helpful in repairing grammatical constraint violations in Modern Standard Arabic.
A probabilistic approach to stress assignment in Arabic
Authors: Lin Cheng-Wei
Published: June 2019

Unlike previous rule/constraint-based analyses, this study approaches the stress system in Arabic from a completely probabilistic perspective. In this view of language, the stress system can be understood as interaction between various relevant types of conditioning factors for stress, which is given comprehensive quantitative description in this study. Using this statistical information, a probabilistic language model is constructed to simulate and examine whether stress could be acquired purely by learning from the statistical information without any presumed rules or constraints. The simulation results show that the probabilistic language model is very successful in acquiring stress in Arabic, which in turn gives strong support for a probabilistic view on stress acquisition and its viability as a language learning mechanism in general.
Diminutive formation in a Libyan dialect with some phonological implications
Authors: Gadoua Abdulhamid , Davis Stuart
Published: June 2019

Detailed studies of diminutives in Arabic dialects are uncommon. In this article, after discussing the diminutive in Classical Arabic, Coastal Dhofari Arabic, and Moroccan Arabic, we present a detailed description of diminutives in Asābʽā Arabic, a rural Libyan dialect. We note two diminutive templates in Asābʽā Arabic: CCeeC and CCayX. Further, we document a subtype of the CCeeX template applicable to base words that begin with a labial consonant followed by a long vowel, e.g. [faar] ‘mouse’, which has the diminutive [ʔuf.feer] rather than [fweer]. We suggest that this is an OCP effect influencing (non-identical) adjacent labials. We also discuss other implications of the diminutive in Asābʽā Arabic, including the nature of its diachronic relationship with the Classical Arabic diminutive.
Dialect contact in the Tunisian diaspora
Authors: D’Anna Luca
Published: June 2019

The Tunisian community of Mazara del Vallo (Sicily) is the oldest Tunisian community in Italy, its first immigrants arriving at the end of the 1960s. The linguistic dynamics of the community differ from those observed in other Arab communities in the European and American diaspora. Many second-generation speakers are still Arabic-dominant, and active competence is also demonstrated by third-generation speakers. This situation provides a rare opportunity to study dialect contact outside of mainland Tunisia, where the phenomena of leveling and accommodation have already been studied by Gibson (1998, 2002). The demographic structure of the Tunisian community of Mazara del Vallo shows a clear prevalence of speakers from the town of Mahdiyya, followed by Chebba and other Tunisian towns. This paper focuses on Tunisian speakers hailing from Chebba (in the governorate of Mahdiyya), whose village dialect is distinguished from the varieties spoken in both Mahdiyya and Tunis by a set of clearly recognizable isoglosses. The analysis focuses on the realization of the uvular /q/, the interdentals /θ, ð, ðˤ/ and the diphthongs /ay, aw/. The results are compared with Gibson’s (2002) findings concerning dialect leveling in Tunisian Arabic to ascertain whether language change in mainland Tunisia and in the diaspora follows similar trends.
Speaker-oriented attitude datives as authority indexicals
Authors: Haddad Youssef A.
Published: June 2019

Most, if not all, Arabic dialects license the use of optional dative pronouns that index or point to the speaker as an authority figure in relation to the hearer and the activity that the speaker and hearer are involved in. I refer to these pronouns as speaker-oriented attitude datives and analyze the social conditions on their use as authority indexicals. I focus on directives (e.g., orders, requests) used during family talk in the Syrian soap opera ba:b l-ħa:ra ‘the neighborhood gate.’
Interactions between temporal acoustics and indexical information in speech rate perception
Authors: Aldholmi Yahya , Park Hanyong
Published: June 2019

This study examines the interplay between a number of factors that affect speech rate perception. Three factors were investigated: pause type/length (short, long, and non-silent), actual speech rate (accelerated vs. decelerated), and utterance type (native Arabic, accented Arabic, and unfamiliar language). A group of Arabic speakers judged whether the sentences they heard were slow or fast, and rated their speed on a 1–7 scale (1 = extremely slow, 7 = extremely fast). The findings show that all three factors influence speed judgments and ratings and that they interact with one another on different levels. Our results testify that perceived speech rate is the outcome of an interaction between the actual linguistic and acoustic properties of an utterance along with a listener’s indexical knowledge about the speaker.
Switch-reference in Kobon and Haruai
Authors: Davies John , Comrie Bernard
Published: June 2019

Kobon and Haruai are two neighboring unrelated Papuan languages with similar syntactic typology. Within the overall space of cross-linguistic variation, their switch-reference systems are remarkably similar, though not identical, for instance strictly tracking the referent of the grammatical subject. Kobon uses same-subject marking when the referent of the controller is properly included in that of the target, and also in the inverse configuration when both noun phrases are of the same grammatical person; different-subject marking is only used when the referent of the target is properly included in that of the controller and the two noun phrases are of different persons. Haruai has essentially the same system, but allows more variation to express subjective assessment of degrees of coreferentiality.
Grammaticalization of the linking devices with ka in Purepecha
Authors: Chamoreau Claudine
Published: June 2019

This paper describes, in synchrony, the use, form, and position of the linking devices with ka in coordinating phrases and clauses and in subordinate clauses. This study also explores the relation between the different occurrences of ka and investigates a diachronic common source. Taking into account such parameters as weight, cohesion, and variability (Lehmann 2002), I advance the hypothesis that there have been two routes of grammaticalization. These two routes include the free coordinator ka which has given rise to a dependent marker -ka that forms subordinators, and the subjunctive mood -ka which seems to be the grammaticalization of the assertive mood marker -ka used for speech-act participants.
Designed for inclusion: André Delbecq’s approach in multi-faith environments
Authors: Williams Peter , Allen Stuart
Published: June 2019

In this article and the accompanying video of André Delbecq, readers gain a glimpse of his respectful, hospitable posture towards others in the multi-faith classroom and workplace. The video provides the viewer with evidence of André’s wisdom and insight into the
importance of listening and being hospitable to those of other faiths (or non-faiths), including his approach to this topic in higher education. The article includes a review of his writings throughout his career demonstrating that his respect for all members of a diverse community since his
earliest work.
Peripheral and central auditory function in adults with epilepsy and treated with carbamazepine
Authors: Hamed Sherifa A. , Oseily Amira M.
Published: June 2019

Purpose of the study:

Epilepsy is a chronic medical disease in one third of patients. Chronic epilepsy and its antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) therapy are commonly associated with comorbid adverse somatic conditions. This study aimed to evaluate auditory function in patients with idiopathic epilepsy and on treatment with carbamazepine (CBZ).

Methods:

This is a cross-sectional case-control study. It included 50 patients with idiopathic epilepsy (mean age = 34.56 ± 7.11 and duration of illness = 17.84 ± 7.21years) and 40 healthy subjects. Hearing was evaluated using pure tone audiometry and brainstem auditory evoked potentials (BAEPs) analyses.

Results:

Mild bilateral hearing impairment and abnormal acoustic reflex (but normal tympanometry) were reported in more than one third of patients. Compared to controls, BAEPs of patients had prolonged waves I, III, V latencies and I–III, III–V and I–V interpeak latencies (IPLs) particularly at high repetition frequencies. Significant correlations were identified between CBZ dose, serum level and duration of treatment with waves I, III and V and I–III, III–V and I–V latencies at high repetition frequencies.

Conclusions:

Long-term treatment with CBZ may result in delayed auditory conduction within the peripheral pathways and brainstem. This should be taken into account during drug selection and monitoring of patients with epilepsy.
New Semantics for Bayesian Inference: The Interpretive Problem and Its Solutions
Authors: Vassend Olav Benjamin
Published: June 2019

Scientists often study hypotheses that they know to be false. This creates an interpretive problem for Bayesians because the probability assigned to a hypothesis is typically interpreted as the probability that the hypothesis is true. I argue that solving the interpretive problem requires coming up with a new semantics for Bayesian inference. I present and contrast two new semantic frameworks, and I argue that both of them support the claim that there is pervasive pragmatic encroachment on whether a given Bayesian probability assignment is rational.
Ab initio computational study of electronic structure part-1: reaction mechanism of peptide bond formation between amino acid alanine and glycine
Authors: Dzikrullah A , Cahyono B , Laksitorini M D , Siahaan P
Published: June 2019

The porosity of the peptide delivery pathway to the brain is hindered by the presence of tight junctions which are intercellular cadherin interactions, but this can be overcome by modulating the cadherin molecule using peptide derived synthesis, one of which is ADT-10 (Ac-QGADTPPVGV-NH2)’ where there are amino acids glycine (G) and alanine (A). Formation reaction of the peptide is one of the most important chemical reactions, one way to probe the reaction of peptide synthesis is the computational method. The purpose of this research is to determine which mechanism of the reaction is most preferred to the synthesis of peptide bond formation between alanine and glycine from four pathways of the reaction mechanism, as well as glycine and glycine from two pathway of reaction mechanisms by ab initio computational approach. The calculations were carried out by theory and basis set HF/6-31g**. The results show the most preferred reaction of peptide synthesis of amino acid glycine and alanine is on the mechanism IV which result in Ac-GA-NH2 with activation energy 759.614 kJ⋅mol−1, while in glycine and glycine is on the mechanism II with an activation energy of 933.550 kJ⋅mol−1.
Pathogenic WDFY3 variants cause neurodevelopmental disorders and opposing effects on brain size
Authors: Le Duc Diana , Giulivi Cecilia , Hiatt Susan M , Napoli Eleonora , Panoutsopoulos Alexios , Harlan De Crescenzo Angelo , Kotzaeridou Urania , Syrbe Steffen , Anagnostou Evdokia , Azage Meron , Bend Renee , Begtrup Amber , Brown Natasha J , Büttner Benjamin , Cho Megan T , Cooper Gregory M , Doering Jan H , Dubourg Christèle , Everman David B , Hildebrand Michael S , Santos Francis Jeshira Reynoso , Kellam Barbara , Keller-Ramey Jennifer , Lemke Johannes R , Liu Shuxi , Niyazov Dmitriy , Payne Katelyn , Person Richard , Quélin Chloé , Schnur Rhonda E , Smith Brooke T , Strober Jonathan , Walker Susan , Wallis Mathew , Walsh Laurence , Yang Sandra , Yuen Ryan K C , Ziegler Andreas , Sticht Heinrich , Pride Michael C , Orosco Lori , Martínez-Cerdeño Verónica , Silverman Jill L , Crawley Jacqueline N , Scherer Stephen W , Zarbalis Konstantinos S , Jamra Rami
Published: June 2019

The underpinnings of mild to moderate neurodevelopmental delay remain elusive, often leading to late diagnosis and interventions. Here, we present data on exome and genome sequencing as well as array analysis of 13 individuals that point to pathogenic, heterozygous, mostly de novo variants in WDFY3 (significant de novo enrichment P = 0.003) as a monogenic cause of mild and non-specific neurodevelopmental delay. Nine variants were protein-truncating and four missense. Overlapping symptoms included neurodevelopmental delay, intellectual disability, macrocephaly, and psychiatric disorders (autism spectrum disorders/attention deficit hyperactivity disorder). One proband presented with an opposing phenotype of microcephaly and the only missense-variant located in the PH-domain of WDFY3. Findings of this case are supported by previously published data, demonstrating that pathogenic PH-domain variants can lead to microcephaly via canonical Wnt-pathway upregulation. In a separate study, we reported that the autophagy scaffolding protein WDFY3 is required for cerebral cortical size regulation in mice, by controlling proper division of neural progenitors. Here, we show that proliferating cortical neural progenitors of human embryonic brains highly express WDFY3, further supporting a role for this molecule in the regulation of prenatal neurogenesis. We present data on Wnt-pathway dysregulation in Wdfy3-haploinsufficient mice, which display macrocephaly and deficits in motor coordination and associative learning, recapitulating the human phenotype. Consequently, we propose that in humans WDFY3 loss-of-function variants lead to macrocephaly via downregulation of the Wnt pathway. In summary, we present WDFY3 as a novel gene linked to mild to moderate neurodevelopmental delay and intellectual disability and conclude that variants putatively causing haploinsufficiency lead to macrocephaly, while an opposing pathomechanism due to variants in the PH-domain of WDFY3 leads to microcephaly.