bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Evaluation Of The Arterial Folding Point During Flexion Of The Hip: about 37 dynamic angiographies
Authors: MARTIN Théodore , MATHY Marie , FEUGIER Patrick , VISTE Anthony
Published: November 2022

Purpose
The aim was to determine the location of the folding point of the arterial ilio-femoral axis and his angulation.
Materials and methods
Forty-five dynamic arteriographies were analyzed and 37 were included in the current study. Different lengths were measured, based on specific anatomical landmarks: the departure of the external iliac artery, the inguinal ligament and the bifurcation of the femoral artery. These lengths were measured in extension and during flexion of the hip in order to determine the folding point.
Results
In extension, some physiological angulations of the external iliac artery were measured.
During flexion of the hip joint, the distance from the folding point to the bifurcation of the common iliac artery was respectively 82 +/- 21 mm (range 48-116) on the right and 95 +/- 20 mm (range 59-132) on the left side. The distance from the folding point to the inguinal ligament was respectively 38 +/- 40 mm (range 12-138) on the right and 26 +/- 23 mm (range 8-136) on the left side. The distance from the folding point to the bifurcation of the femoral artery was respectively 45 +/- 29 mm (range 15-107) on the right and 27 +/- 12 mm (range 10-66) on the left side. During flexion, the angulation of the folding point of the ilio-femoral axis was 114 +/- 18 ° (range 81-136°).
Conclusions
The folding point was located cranially to the inguinal ligament and below the departure of the external iliac artery.
A facile approach for preparing nanofabricated cellulose from bleached corn stalk with tailored surface functions
Authors: Tian Jiarong , Qian Shaoping , Chen Jing , Zhang Zhaoyan , Wan Yi
Published: November 2022

This study proposed a facile, efficient, and energy-saving one-pot strategy to produce nanofabricated cellulose (NFC) from bleached corn stalk along with concurrent modifications of the surface. High-speed mechanical shearing and mechanochemical activation (urea/NaOH, oxalic acid, citric acid, and mercaptopropyl trimethoxysilane) were involved in the strategy. The effects of different surface functionalization on the morphological, crystalline, chemical, and thermal properties of the NFC were investigated. The results suggested that the bleached corn stalk fibers were separated into microfibrils associated with abundant branched and networked cellulose nanofibrils through intensive mechanical shearing. NFC showed an average diameter of 23 nm and an average length of 1530 nm, with an aspect ratio of 67. The hydroxyl groups on the NFC surface were functionalized and modified by forming amide (urea/NaOH), carboxyl (oxalic acid/citric acid), and hydrogen bond (mercaptopropyl trimethoxysilane), respectively. This novel one-pot strategy could open up new application areas for production and surface functionalization of nanocellulose.
A record of seed germination, distribution pattern and effect of premonsoon season variability on quantitative leaf anatomy of Mollugo nudicaulis Lam. a C2 species from tropical Desert Climate
Authors: Meena Barupal , Choudhary Sumitra K , Kataria Vinod
Published: November 2022

In rapid climate change how C3-C4 plants will respond this is the question of study. Here, we present Mollugo nudicaulis Lam., a C3-C4 intermediate species known for C2 type photosynthesis as a model plant in the tropics. Therefore, to know the functionality and habit of M. nudicaulis in ambient climate, we analyzed the leaf anatomy quantitatively, recorded the local dispersion variance pattern of species, seed production potential (seed output per plant) and seed germination pattern. Natural and man-altered sites were explored to see the distribution of the plant. Seed output per plant was calculated. Cross-sections of mature leaves were observed. We compared ex vivo and in vitro seed germination profile by applying of primary dormancy breaking methods including –imbibition, scarification, and cold stratification to different time regime. M. nudicaulis follows the clump distribution in natural area due to hydrochory dispersion of seeds. In nature plant thrives in high organic rich sites. In ex situ germination, the acid scarification (physical change) and the cold stratification (physiological change) showed significant enhancement in germination after breaking of dormancy. The leaf anatomy showed variations in the number and the area of leaf mesophyll cells and the thickness of leaf as per fluctuation in average temperature, pressure, and humidity in a year. More palisade cells found in the leaves cross-section when the year recorded for average high temperature and more frequent rainfall. We found a correlation between the mesophyll cells in leaves and pre-monsoonal season variability for C3-C4 intermediate plant. The study adds supportive results in climate change impact on plant physiology and adaptation.
A extracellular secretion of miR-1825 wrapped by exosomes increases CLEC5A expression: a potential oncogenic mechanism in ovarian cancer
Authors: Wu Qiaoling , Cui Zhaolei , Xia Hongmei , Jiang Shan , Bai Jing , Shao Zhuo , Sun Yang
Published: November 2022

Background: Ovarian cancer (OC) is an important cause of gynecologic cancer-related mortality worldwide. ExosomalmiR-1825and its target geneCLEC5Ahave been shown to have a significant association with tumorigenesis in other cancers. Methods: ExosomalmiR-1825expression and its ability in overall survival(OS) prediction were determined using GEO and TCGA data. Target genes ofmiR-1825were searched in five prediction databases, and differentially expressed prognostic genes were identified. We performed GO and KEGG enrichment analyses. The ability ofCLEC5Ain OS prediction was assessed using univariate and multivariate Cox regression and Kaplan-Meier curves. Immunohistochemistry was applied to validate theCLEC5Aexpression pattern in OC. The immune cell landscape was compared using the CIBERSORT algorithm, and the results were validated in a GEO cohort. Finally, the predicted IC50 of five common chemotherapy agents was compared. Results:MiR-1825was elevated in exosomes derived from OC cells and served as a tumor suppressor. TheCLEC5Agene was confirmed as a target ofmiR-1825, whose upregulation was correlated with a poor prognosis. M2 macrophage infiltration was significantly enhanced inCLEC5Ahigh expression group, and T follicular helper cell infiltration was reduced in it. The predicted IC50 for cisplatin and doxorubicin was higher inCLEC5Ahigh expression group, and that for docetaxel, gemcitabine, and paclitaxel was lower. Conclusion:MiR-1825may promote OC progression by increasingCLEC5Aexpression through exosome-mediated efflux from tumor cells and could be a promising biomarker for OC.
Translation Strategies for English-Language Movies Under the Application of Mobile Cloud Computing Combined with Deep Learning
Authors: Liu Yang
Published: November 2022

Translation strategies make the individual feel convenient in visualising movies in different languages. The challenge in this translation is in mapping the language words in relation to the language presented in the movie. It is also necessary to consider the mode utilised for viewing the movie. In this research, individuals are considered to make use of mobile devices to visualise the movie with the choice of language translation. In this perspective, Software-as-a-Service (SaaS) cloud computing technology is utilised for storing the data in the cloud environment and making it available as on-demand data. To make an effective translation of the English movie, Multi-Layer Perceptron (MLP), which is a basic deep learning model, is considered for training the translator system for the video data available in the cloud. The proposed model of SaaS with MLP is compared with the regular Recurrent Neural Network (RNN) model for accuracy in translation of the language. The comparative analysis shows that the proposed model has obtained an accuracy of 83%, which is higher than the RNN model.
Magnetic Reconnection as the Driver of the Solar Wind
Authors: Raouafi Nour , Stenborg Guillero , Seaton Daniel , Wang Haimin , Wang Jiasheng , DeForest Craig , Bale Stuart , Drake James , Uritsky Vadim , Karpen Judy , DeVore C. Richard , Chitta Lakshmi Pradeep , Horbury Timothy , Harra Louise , Bourouaine Sofiane , Kasper Justin , Kumar Pankaj , Phan Tai , Sterling Alphonse , Velli Marco
Published: November 2022

Solar and stellar winds are ubiquitous flows of charged particles (i.e., electrons, protons, and heavier ions) permeating the astral spheres1. Through these winds, stars lose angular momentum, slow down their rotation as they age, shape planetary systems, and affect the composition and the physical and chemical evolution of planetary atmospheres and, consequently, the habitability of these planets2,3. How the solar wind is generated at the source, heated, and accelerated, and what determines its variability, are long-standing fundamental questions. Here we argue that the physical mechanism that heats and drives the solar wind at its source is ubiquitous magnetic reconnection in the form of small-scale jetting activity4. Jetlets, like the solar wind and the heating of the coronal plasma, are ubiquitous regardless of the solar cycle phase. Each event arises out of small-scale reconnection of opposite polarity magnetic fields producing a short-lived jet of hot plasma and Alfvén waves into the corona. The discrete nature of these jetlet events leads to intermittent outflows from the corona, which homogenize as they propagate away from the Sun and form the solar wind. This discovery establishes the importance of small-scale magnetic reconnection in solar and stellar atmospheres in understanding ubiquitous phenomena such as coronal heating and solar wind acceleration.
Improved adsorption and catalysis performance of biomorphic porous TiO2 with wood template size scaling
Authors: Xia Guangda , Yang Tianyu , Liu Yu , Zhu Xiaodong , Zhou Hui , Wu Ruiying
Published: November 2022

Biomorphic TiO2 photocatalysts with hierarchical porous structures by templating with different size scales of wood processing residues (lignocellulose, wood flour, and solid wood as biological templates) through a simple sol-gel method is proposed for photocatalytic degradation applications. Compared with template-free TiO2, the biomorphic TiO2 had a good adsorption capacity and photocatalytic performance with methylene blue (MB) and phenol. The lignocellulose-templated TiO2 reached adsorption equilibrium within 60 min because of the hierarchical structure of the complex interlaced wood. It exhibited 98.9% and 84.3% degradation of MB and phenol within 60 min under visible light conditions. The multiscale structure of the wood templates enhanced light absorption and mass transfer efficiency due to the presence of additional surface hydroxyl groups and a reduced bandgap. This research proposes a convenient synthesis method to obtain biomorphic TiO2 using wood residues, and construct the physical- chemical interaction between wood and TiO2 to enhance visible light response and transfer of photogenerated charge carriers.
Myeloid CCN3 protects against aortic valve calcification
Authors: Tu Peinan , Xu Qian , Zhou Xianming , Villa-Roel Nicolas , Kumar Sandeep , Dong Nianguo , Jo Hanjoong , Ou Caiwen , Lin Zhiyong
Published: November 2022

Background
Cellular communication network factor 3 (CCN3) has been implicated in the regulation of osteoblast differentiation. However, it is not known if CCN3 can regulate valvular calcification. While macrophages have been shown to regulate valvular calcification, the molecular and cellular mechanisms of this process remain poorly understood. In the present study, we investigated the role of macrophage-derived CCN3 in the progression of calcific aortic valve disease.
Methods
Myeloid-specific knockout of CCN3 (Mye-CCN3-KO) and control mice were subjected to a single tail intravenous injection of AAV encoding mutant mPCSK9 (rAAV8/D377Y-mPCSK9) to induce hyperlipidemia. AAV-injected mice were then fed a high fat diet for 40 weeks. At the conclusion of high fat diet feeding, tissues were harvested and subjected to histologic and pathologic analyses. Echocardiography was performed prior to the termination of experiments to assess cardiac and valvular function. In vitro, bone marrow–derived macrophages (BMDMs) from both control and Mye-CCN3-KO were utilized to explore how myeloid CCN3 affects the calcification process. To assess the impact of macrophage CCN3 deficiency on valvular intersititial cells (VIC) calcification, human VICs were cultured with conditioned media from CCN3-deficient BMDMs, followed by Alazarin red staining and gene expression analysis.
Results
Echocardiography revealed that both male and female Mye-CCN3-KO mice displayed compromised aortic valvular function accompanied by exacerbated valve thickness and cardiac dysfunction. Histologically, Alizarin-Red staining revealed a marked increase in aortic valve calcification in Mye-CCN3-KO mice when compared to the controls. In vitro, CCN3 deficiency augmented BMP2 production and secretion from bone marrow-derived macrophages. In addition, human valvular interstitial cells cultured with conditioned media from CCN3-deficient BMDMs resulted in exaggerated pro-calcifying gene expression and the consequent calcification.
Conclusion
Our data uncovered a novel role of myeloid CCN3 in the regulation of aortic valve calcification. Modulation of BMP2 production and secretion in macrophages might serve as a key mechanism for macrophage-derived CCN3’s anti-calcification function in the development of CAVD.
Transcription Start Site Mapping and Small RNA Profiling of Leptospira biflexa serovar Patoc
Authors: Cheah Hong Leong , Ahmed Siti Aminah , Tang Thean Hock
Published: November 2022

Leptospirosis is an emerging zoonotic disease caused by bacterial species of the genus Leptospira. However, the regulatory mechanisms and pathways underlying the adaptation of pathogenic and non-pathogenic Leptospira spp. in different environmental conditions remain elusive. Leptospira biflexa is a non-pathogenic species of Leptospira that lives exclusively in a natural environment. It is an ideal model not only for exploring molecular mechanisms underlying the environmental survival of Leptospira species but also for identifying virulence factors unique to Leptospira’s pathogenic species. In this study, we aim to establish the transcription start site (TSS) landscape and the small RNA (sRNA) profile of L. biflexa serovar Patoc grown to exponential and stationary phases via differential RNA-seq (dRNA-seq) and small RNA-seq (sRNA-seq) analyses, respectively. Our dRNA-seq analysis uncovered a total of 2,726 TSSs, which are also used to identify other elements, e.g., promoter and untranslated regions (UTRs). Besides, our sRNA-seq analysis revealed a total of 603 sRNA candidates, comprising 16 promoter-associated sRNAs, 184 5’UTR-derived sRNAs, 230 true intergenic sRNAs, 136 5’UTR-antisense sRNAs, and 130 open reading frame (ORF)-antisense sRNAs. In summary, these findings reflect the transcriptional complexity of L. biflexa serovar Patoc under different growth conditions and help to facilitate our understanding of regulatory networks in L. biflexa. Besides, the TSS and sRNA landscapes of L. biflexa can also be compared with its pathogenic counterparts, e.g., L. borgpetersenii and L. interrogans, to identify features contributing to their environmental survival and virulence.
YOLOOD: An Arbitrary-Oriented Flexible Flat Cable Detection Method in Robotic Assembly
Authors: Bai Yuxuan , Wei Shimin , Dong Mingshuai , Li Jian , Yu Xiuli
Published: November 2022

Flexible Flat Cable (FFC) detection is the premise of robot 3C assembly and is challenging because FFCs are often non-axis aligned with arbitrary orientations having cluttered surroundings. However, to date, the traditional robotic object detection methods mainly regress the object horizontal bounding box (HBB), in which the size and aspect ratios do not reflect the actual shape of the target object and hardly separate the FFCs in dense. In this paper, rotated object detection was introduced into FFC detection, and a YOLO-based arbitrary-oriented FFC detection method named YOLOOD was proposed. Firstly, oriented bounding boxes (OBB) are used to reflect the object's physical size and angle information and better separate the FFCs from the dense background. Secondly, the circular smooth label (CSL) angular classification algorithm is adopted to obtain the angle information of FFCs. Finally, the head point regression branch is introduced to distinguish between the head and the tail of the FFC and expand the range of FFC detection angle to [0°,360°] The proposed YOLOOD can reach the detection performance with an average precision of 90.82% and a detection speed of 112 FPS on an FFC dataset. Meanwhile, an actual FFC grasping experiment demonstrated the proposed YOLOOD's effectiveness and feasibility in practical assembly scenarios. In conclusion, this paper innovatively introduces rotating object detection into robot object detection, and the proposed YOLOOD solves the problem of detecting and locating non-axis aligned FFCs and has particular significance for robot 3C assembly.
Effect of risk factor score on early recurrence after pancreatectomy for invasive pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma
Authors: Matsumoto Michinori , Shirai Yoshihiro , Abe Kyohei , Futagawa Yasuro , Haruki Koichiro , Furukawa Kenei , Onda Shinji , Marukuchi Rui , Okamoto Tomoyoshi , Ikegami Toru
Published: November 2022

Purpose
This study aimed to identify the risk factors after pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) resection to create a novel scoring system for early recurrence (ER) and analyze their effect on the recurrent pattern.
Methods
This retrospective study included 60 patients with PDAC who underwent pancreatectomy. The predicted risk factors for ER which recurred within 12 months, were analyzed. The scoring system included significantly predictive factors. The cutoff values were determined using the receiving operating characteristic (ROC) curve. A score was added by one point for each anomaly. Overall survival (OS) was compared according to the score. The relationship between the score and the recurrent pattern was investigated.
Results
ER was determined in 26. Independent predictors included preoperative maximum carbohydrate antigen 19 − 9 (CA19-9) of ≥ 147 U/mL, lymph node ratio (LNR) of ≥ 0.1277, and no adjuvant chemotherapy (AC). The 5-year OS rates with a score of 0, 1, and 2 were 55.8%, 11.0%, and 0%, respectively. The classified subgroups using the two factors, except for AC, initiated AC at ≤ 58 postoperative days, which was determined as a cutoff value using a ROC curve, and the number of recurrent regions significantly reduced in the higher-risk groups and the prognosis significantly improved in the moderate risk group.
Conclusions
Preoperative maximum CA19-9 of ≥ 147 U/mL, LNR of ≥ 0.1277 and no AC could be ER predictors. OS was significantly stratified using the scoring system with the three factors. Early AC initiation in the moderate-risk group of ER might suppress multiregional metastasis recurrence and improve the prognosis.
Digitalisierung als Daueraufgabe
Authors: Viertel Michael , Breiter Andreas , Zeising Anja , Detlof Denise
Published: November 2022

Der vorliegende Beitrag widmet sich der Frage, inwieweit durch das Förderprogramm Digitalpakt bzw. die Schulschliessungen aufgrund der Corona-Pandemie Anzeichen bzw. Tendenzen eines tief(er)greifenden Transformationsprozesses der Digitalisierung für Schulen beschrieben werden können. Im Kern der qualitativen Untersuchung stand die Organisationsentwicklung im Bereich der schulischen Kommunikation und Kollaboration an zehn Bremer Schulen, verbunden mit der Frage, inwieweit dort Entwicklungen über einen technik-induzierten Wandel hinausreichen. Hierzu wurden 26 Interviews bzw. Gruppendiskussionen mit Schulleitungen, Medienbeauftragten und Lehrkräften geführt und qualitativ-inhaltsanalytisch ausgewertet. Die vorgestellten Ergebnisse geben Einblicke, wie ein solcher digitaler Transformationsprozess als Ausdruck einer veränderten Erwartungshaltung an die Schule beschrieben werden kann, sich verbindlich an der digitalen Kommunikation und Kollaboration zu beteiligen. Dabei steht diese neue Verbindlichkeit im Spannungsfeld einer Erleichterung und Optimierung organisationaler Prozesse einerseits, andererseits einer zunehmenden Arbeitsverdichtung für Lehrkräfte. Hieraus ergeben sich Herausforderungen für die zukünftige Organisationsentwicklung der Schule, die wir mit Blick auf den digitalen Transformationsprozess als Daueraufgabe diskutieren.
Knee Extensor Muscle Strength to Measure the Ability of Five Times Sit to Stand Independently in Patients with Incomplete Spinal Cord Injury
Authors:   School of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand, Mato Lugkana ,   Improvement of Physical Performance and Quality of Life (IPQ) Research Group, Khon Kaen University, Thailand, Chankavee Nanniphada ,   School of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand,   Improvement of Physical Performance and Quality of Life (IPQ) Research Group, Khon Kaen University, Thailand, Amatachaya Sugalya ,   School of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand,   Improvement of Physical Performance and Quality of Life (IPQ) Research Group, Khon Kaen University, Thailand, Thaweewannakij Thiwabhorn ,   School of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand,   Improvement of Physical Performance and Quality of Life (IPQ) Research Group, Khon Kaen University, Thailand
Published: November 2022

Background: Patients with incomplete spinal cord injury (iSCI) and lower extremity muscle weakness often fall while standing up from a chair. The sit-to-stand (STS) task primarily uses the strength of the knee extensor muscles. The five times sit-to-stand test (FTSST) is often applied to determine lower limb function and the results are related to lower extremity muscle strength. This study explored the cut-off point for knee extensor muscle strength in patients with iSCI to independently determine their FTSST results and the correlation between knee extensor muscle strength and FTSST results. Methods: Forty-four participants were assessed for knee extensor muscle strength using a hand-held dynamometer (HHD) and the FTSST. Results: The data indicated that knee extensor muscle strength ≥ 53.06 Newton was the best independent predictor of the FTSST results (sensitivity 72.7%, specificity 72.7%). Moreover, knee extensor muscle strength was significant and correlated with the FTSST results (r = ─0.45, P = 0.035). Conclusion: The findings offer a cut-off point for the knee extensor muscle strength measured while standing up from a chair that may help medical professionals set rehabilitation goals for patients with iSCI.
Sistem Peringatan Dini Rawan Bencana Longsor Di Kota Ambon menggunakan IoT
Authors: Dasmasela Chrisdano Ryan Chandra , Sembiring Irwan , Purnomo Hindriyanto Dwi
Published: November 2022

Landslide disasters not only cause property losses but also have a multidimensional impact, for example people's psychology becomes disrupted, relocation of residential settlements and even disruption of investment as capital for economic development in Ambon City. This research aims to design a early warning system for landslide prone disastersin Ambon city and analysis using IoT.The results of the analysis use satellite landsat imagery as supporting spatial data with overlay indicators for landslide causes, including: rainfall, soil type, slope, population and land cover combined with placing IoT devices in landslide prone areas resulting in an early warning system for landslides. This IoT device uses a soil moisture sensor to read soil moisture and an MPU6050 accelerometer sensor to read soil movements. The results of the two sensors if they meet the criteria for landslide prone will be processed and sent as a notification to the smartphone. This research produces a landslide detection system starting from the analysis of landslide hazard maps to using sensors to detect landslide symptoms and then sending notification as a danger sign.
ÖMÜR BOYU GELİR SÖZLEŞMESİ
Authors: ŞAHİN Turan
Published: November 2022

Sözleşmelerin amaç ve içerik bakımından ayrımında sonuçları talih ve tesadüfe bağlı olan sözleşmeler söz konusudur. Bu tür sözleşmelerde edimin kapsamı ve süresi talihe bağlıdır. Ömür boyu gelir sözleşmesinde de gelir ödeme edimi, anlaşmaya göre gelir alacaklısının, gelir borçlusunun veya üçüncü kişinin ömrü boyunca sürmektedir. Buradaki ömrün ne kadar süreceğinin belli olmaması, sözleşmeyi sonuçları talih ve tesadüfe bağlı sözleşme haline getirmektedir. Ömür boyu gelir; tarafların yapacakları sözleşme ile ortaya çıkabileceği gibi mahkeme kararına da (TBK m.51/II, TMK m.175, TMK m.176) dayanabilir. Ayrıca hâkim ölünceye kadar bakma sözleşmesinde tarafların istemi üzerine ya da kendiliğinden bakım alacaklısına ömür boyu gelir bağlayabilir (TBK m.617/II). Mirasbırakanın yaptığı ölüme bağlı tasarrufla da ömür boyu gelir belirlenebilir (TBK m.516). Ömür boyu gelir sözleşmesi ile ulaşılmak istenen gelir alacaklısının geçimini sağlamaktır. Gelir ödeme borcunu üçüncü kişi de ifa edebilir. Sözleşme, Türk Borçlar Kanununda ömür boyu gelir sözleşmesi başlığı ile düzenlenmiştir. Ömür boyu gelir sözleşmesine ilişkin literatürde çok az sayıda çalışma vardır.
KLASİK DÖNEM OSMANLI HUKUKUNDA HAYVAN SAHİBİNİN SORUMLULUĞU
Authors: AYDIN Melikşah
Published: November 2022

Hayvan sahibinin sorumluluğu İslam hukukunda düzenlenmiş olan sorumluluk türlerinden biridir. Dolayısıyla İslam hukukunun uygulandığı, Osmanlı devletinin klasik devrinde de; padişahların koyduğu kanunnamelerde, şeyhülislamların fetva kitaplarında veya uygulamadan bizzat örnek olarak kadı sicillerinde hayvan sahibinin sorumluluğu ile ilgili hükümlere rastlanmaktadır. İslam hukuku, hayvan sahibinin hayvanının verdiği belirli zararlardan sorumlu, belirli zararlardan ise sorumsuz olduğunu belirtmektedir. Hayvan sahibinin sorumluluğu, İslam hukukunda mali bir sorumluluk olarak düzenlenmiş, zarar görene tazminat ödenmesi yeterli görülmüştür. Osmanlı hukukunda ise kanunnamelerde, hayvan sahibinin tazmin sorumluluğunun yanı sıra tazir cezası kapsamında olarak dayak ve para cezası ile cezalandırılması da öngörülmüştür. Bu çalışmada İslam hukukunda hayvanların verdikleri zarardan, sahibinin sorumlu olup olmadıkları haller incelenecektir. İslam hukuku hükümleri ile çatışmayan, Osmanlı hukukunun klasik devrindeki uygulamalar; fetvalar, kadı sicilleri ve kanunnameler temelinde incelenecektir. Mezhep görüşlerinin farklılaştığı durumlarda, sadece temel noktalar üzerinde durulacaktır. Osmanlı’da Hanefi mezhebi uygulaması esas olduğu için, diğer mezheplerin görüşlerinin belirtilmediği yerlerde Hanefi görüşü açıklanmıştır. Makalenin amaçlarından biri, fıkıh kurallarının Osmanlı klasik devri uygulamasındaki yansımasını hayvan sahibinin sorumluluğu konusu özelinde göstermektir.
MİLLETLERARASI ÖZEL HUKUKTA LIBEL TOURISM
Authors: TEKİN Esra
Published: November 2022

Bilgi ve iletişim teknolojilerindeki gelişmeler sonucunda kişiler, coğrafî sınırlardan bağımsız olarak dünyanın öteki ucundaki kişilerle kolayca iletişim kurabilmektedirler. Ancak bu durum, yabancılık unsuru içeren kişilik hakkı, özellikle şeref ve haysiyet ihlâllerinin artmasına sebep olmaktadır. İnternet ortamındaki bir içeriğin dünya üzerinde her yerde erişilebilir olması da ihlâlin sonuçlarını ağırlaştırmaktadır. Kişilik haklarının ihlâl edildiğini iddia eden davacı, çoğu zaman içeriğin her yerde erişilebilir olduğu gerekçesiyle kendi lehine sonuç alabileceği mahkemelerde davasını ikame etmektedir. Nitekim internet ortamında ihlâlin herhangi bir coğrafî bölgeye lokalize edilmesinin zor olması sebebiyle, bazı devletler kendi mahkemelerinin milletlerarası yetkisini kolaylıkla tesis etmektedirler. Davacının kendi lehine sonuç alacağı mahkemeleri tercih etmesi olağan bir durum olsa da, dava ve taraflarla zayıf ve geçici irtibatlara sahip bir mahkemede dava açılması milletlerarası özel hukuk açısından kabul edilebilir bir durum değildir. Forum shoppingin özel bir türü olan libel tourism, davacının, kendi lehine sonuç alacağı mahkemelerde davasını ikame etmesidir. İfade hürriyeti ve kişilik hakları arasındaki çatışma sonucunda hukuk düzenlerinin farklı tercihlere sahip olması, kişilik haklarının ihlâline uygulanacak maddî hukuk kurallarının farklılaşmasına yol açmaktadır. İnternet ortamında kişilik haklarının sözleşme dışı ihlâlinde uygulanacak hukuk konusunda yeknesak bir uygulamanın bulunmaması ve devletlerin kendi millî hukuklarını uygulama eğiliminde olmaları davacının işini kolaylaştırarak en lehe maddî hukuk kurallarına sahip hukuk düzenlerini tercih etmesine yol açmaktadır. Ne var ki, bu hukuk düzenlerinden alınan ilâmların ifade hürriyeti korumasının üstün tutulduğu ülkelerde tenfizi talep edildiğinde çoğu zaman kamu düzenine aykırılık sebebiyle bu talepler reddedilmektedir. Çalışmamızın temel amacı libel tourismin sebep ve sonuçlarını açıklamak ve söz konusu soruna ilişkin yabancı doktrin tarafından öne sürülen çözüm önerilerine yer vermektir.
Impact of Alien Genes on Disease Resistance, Drought Tolerance, and Agronomic Traits in Winter Wheat Commercial Varieties
Authors: Motsnyi Ivan I. , Моlоdchenkоvа Оlga О. , Nargan Tetiana P. , Nakonechnyy Mykola Yu. , Mishchenko Ivan A. , Lyfenko Saveliy Ph. , Smertenko Аndrii P. , Міshchеnkо Lidiya Т.
Published: November 2022

Background:

Global climate change facilitates the spread of diseases of the winter bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and increases the yield losses caused by a combination of these diseases and drought. Prevention of the yield losses depends on the identification of the resistance genes and the introduction of these genes into commercial cultivars.

Objective:

The objective of the study was to evaluate resistance to widespread diseases, drought and other agricultural traits amongst the members of diversity panel consisting of introgression wheat lines derived from complex interspecies crosses.

Materials and Methods:

The field trials were conducted during 2018-2019 and 2019-2020 seasons. The winter wheat diversity panel consists of seventy-eight introgression lines and two check cultivars developed for the arid climate zone of southern Ukraine. The data on nine agronomic (quantitative scores) and five-pathogen response (point scores) traits were collected and subjected to both variance and correlation analysis to determine the contribution of the individual genetic backgrounds towards plant resiliency.

Results:

Most lines were found resistant to rust species. The distribution of responses in the analyzed lines was bimodal in response to rusts and unimodal in response to powdery mildew or septoria. The resistance traits showed no correlation with heading date, plant height, and protein content. The yield traits did not correlate with the resistance to diseases except for stem rust (Rsp = 0.34**) and Septoria blight (Rsp = −0.23*). A negative correlation was observed between quality traits and grain yield, but quality traits correlated positively with each other.

Conclusion:

High diseases resistance trait correlates with low yield, reduced protein content or small grain. The frequency of lines combining pathogen resistance as measured by total yield with grain quality is low. The introgression lines provide a source of genes for improving disease and drought resistance of winter wheat.
Herb and Plant-derived Supplements in Poultry Nutrition
Authors: Saeed Muhammad , Khan Muhammad S. , Sultan Rizwana , Aqib Amjad I. , Naseer Muhammad A. , Muzammil Iqra , Farag Mayada R. , Abd El-Hack Mohamed E. , Di Cerbo Alessandro , Alagawany Mahmoud
Published: November 2022

Modern poultry industry faces the everlasting challenge of the growing
demand for high-quality, low-priced food without compromising general hygiene,
health, and welfare standards. To exploit optimal growth potential, antibiotic supplemented feeds were implemented in the past decades. But later on, alternative
strategies to trigger the productive characteristics of birds were proposed, including the
use of phytochemicals. Phytobiotics are herbs and their derivatives, endowed with
many beneficial effects. Herbs and their products enhance feed intake by mitigating
intestinal damage, strengthening intestinal integrity, compensating nutritional needs for
local and general immune response, reducing the concentration of pathogenic
microflora, and preventing local inflammatory response. This form of feed
manipulation recently gained interest in the poultry sector due to the lack of side
effects, immune system modulation boosting, and stress tolerance. On the other hand,
several types of research highlighted the potentially harmful effects of some herbs and
their metabolites. This raised concerns among consumers about their safety and
implications as feed supplements or medicines. This chapter will provide insights into
phytobiotics, their role in immunity and growth, and the possible risks of herbal
supplemented feeds in the poultry sector. 
Use of Cinnamon and its Derivatives in Poultry Nutrition
Authors: Bilal Rana M. , Hassan Faiz ul , Rafeeq Majed , Farag Mayada R. , Abd El-Hack Mohamed E. , Madkour Mahmoud , Alagawany Mahmoud
Published: November 2022

The recent trend toward banning the use of antibiotics in poultry feed as a
growth promoter directs the scientific community to look for natural alternatives with
potential growth-promoting and immunomodulating properties. Phytogenic feed
additives have attracted significant attention as alternatives to antibiotics to improve
growth performance and enhance immune responses. They have anti-inflammatory,
antioxidant, antiviral, and antifungal properties, depending on their chemical structure
and composition. Scientists are using these non-conventional ingredients as feed
additives in the form of oil or powder. Essential oils (EO) are volatile liquids produced
from aromatic plants. Their application has gained momentum in controlling
cholesterol as free radical scavengers, anti-microbials, antifungals, and stimulants of
digestive enzymes. EO's possible antimicrobial features against harmful pathogens are
primarily associated with the high content of volatile components in oils. The current
chapter highlights the beneficial impact of cinnamon oil as a feed additive on poultry
growth performance, meat quality, carcass traits, and its hypo-cholesterolaemic impact,
antioxidant act, microbiological aspects, and immunomodulatory effects.
Pomegranate (Punica Granatum L): Beneficial Impacts, Health Benefits and Uses in Poultry Nutrition
Authors: Attia Youssef A. , Taha Ayman E. , Abd El-Hack Mohamed E. , Abdo Mohamed , Abo-Ahmed Ahmed I. , Emam Mahmoud A. , Naggar Karima El , Abdel-Latif Mervat A. , Abdelsalam Nader R. , Alagawany Mahmoud
Published: November 2022

Punica Grantum L is an ancient, magical and distinctive fruit. It is local to the Mediterranean basin and has been broadly utilized in traditional pharmaceuticals in numerous nations. The extracts collected from various parts (peels, seeds, juice and flowers) of this natural fruit can be used as multiple additives for practice because of its polyphenolic contents. Polyphenols found in P. Grantum have been shown to have various pharmacological activities such as anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antimicrobial, anti-diarrheal, immunomodulatory, anti-carcinogenic, and wound healing promotors. Moreover, they are reported to have anti-cestodial, anti-nematodal and anti-protozoan activities. P. Grantum L or its by-products supplementation can play a major role in poultry nutrition by enhancing immunity, scavenging free radicals, and inhibiting antimicrobial activity, leading to improved poultry performance. Owing to its functions above, it can be a potential substitute for modulating immune functions and gut microbiota to relieve diarrhea and enteritis, preventing colibacillosis and coccidiosis in chickens. Moreover, it is reported that polyphenols and tannins of P. Grantum act as an antioxidant by scavenging reactive oxygen species and preventing lipid oxidation and inflammatory molecule production. This chapter highlights the work done in the recent past on P. Grantum. Despite the voluminous pharmacological properties of P. Grantum, its usage in the chicken ration is limited. So, this chapter aims to broaden the information of researchers, veterinary advisors, and poultry nutritionists to recommend P. Grantum as a safe, natural added substance in poultry feed to substitute the synthetic additives for nourishment purposes.
Use of Chicory (Cichorium intybus) and its Derivatives in Poultry Nutrition
Authors: Saeed Muhammad , Siddique Faisal , Sultan Rizwana , El-Sayed Sabry A.A. , Ahmed Sarah Y.A. , Farag Mayada R. , Abd El-Hack Mohamed E. , Shehata Abdelrazeq M. , Alagawany Mahmoud
Published: November 2022

Chicory (Cichorium intybus) is a perennial herb that belongs to the
Asteraceae family. Certain species are grown and used as fried, dry salad leaves, roots,
or chicons as a substitute for coffee additives. It is also cultivated as forage that can be
used in animal feeding. In addition, chicory has significant effects on animal and
human health and has various biological activities, such as immunostimulant,
antimicrobial, antioxidant, hyperlipidemic, anti-inflammatory, and antidiabetic activity.
Chicory extracts protect the liver by lowering the levels of liver enzymes, e.g.,
aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), and alkaline
phosphatase (ALP). The chicory plant plays a key role in protecting hepatocytes and
other liver cells. It is used as an antimicrobial agent in vitro and in vivo against certain
pathogenic bacteria species. Chicory improves immunity and feed efficacy by reducing
pathogenic microorganisms in the gastrointestinal tract. Cichorium intybus roots were
also used to alleviate slight intestinal disturbances, including the sense of flatulence,
full abdomen, transient appetite loss, and indigestion. This chapter describes the role of
chicory plants in promoting growth when used as feed additives in poultry feed. It also
explains the mechanisms of action of chicory extracts and their role as a liver protector
for poultry.
Use of Psyllium Husk (Plantago ovata) in Poultry Feeding and Possible Application in Organic Production
Authors: Alagawany Mahmoud , Bilal Rana Muhammad , Batool Fiza , Attia Youssef A. , Abd El-Hack Mohamed E. , Abdelnour Sameh A. , Farag Mayada R. , Swelum Ayman A. , Madkour Mahmoud
Published: November 2022

Herbs or medicinal plants have gained significant attention due to their
bioactive compounds that could act as antioxidants, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial,
anticancer agents, etc. Psyllium husk (Plantago ovata) is an Indian native herb. The
water-loving (hydrophilic) mucilloid and water-soluble fiber derived from Plantago
ovata have been used in traditional Indian Ayurvedic medicine as a crucial remedial
mediator of constipation. Psyllium is a rich source of fiber and has many other remedial
properties, including lowering the level of cholesterol, raising energy, relaxing
inflammation, serving as an antidiarrhoeal, antidiabetic, laxative, and also used in
hemorrhoid therapy, and as weight loss agent. The blood serum cholesterol-lowering
property of the psyllium husk had drawn the researchers' main focus; thus, Psyllium is thought to be a plausible herbal agent helpful in treating hyperlipidemia. In various
animal models, cholesterol levels are reduced by binding Psyllium husk with bile acids
in the intestinal, thereby lowering its absorption rate. Screening literature has
demonstrated that Psyllium husk could be utilized as an antidiarrheal mediator to cope
with the diarrheal symptoms associated with poultry farming disorders. Additionally,
Psyllium may also benefit various poultry species' production and growth traits. The
present chapter explored Psyllium's potential responsibility for coping the
hypercholesterolemia and the uses of psyllium husk as a safe feed additive in poultry
farming for organic production and lowering cholesterol in meat and for production of
functional foods.
Dandelion Herb: Chemical Composition and Use in Poultry Nutrition
Authors: Farag Mayada R. , Alagawany Mahmoud , Abd El-Hack Mohamed E. , Abdelnour Sameh A. , Dhama Kuldeep , Swelum Ayman A. , Di Cerbo Alessandro
Published: November 2022

 Taraxacum officinale, also known as dandelion herb, is a popular medicinal and therapeutic herb used for many years and is mostly raised in Europe, Asia, North and South America. It contains several nutrients and bioactive substances, especially the leaves and roots of this herb, which are a rich source of fiber, lecithin, choline, and micronutrients such as minerals (potassium, magnesium, calcium, zinc, etc., iron) and vitamins (A, C, K, and B-complex). The root has been commonly used for digestive and liver problems due to its stimulatory effects on the production of bile and detoxification functions. The leaves of dandelion have stimulatory functions on the digestive system and possess diuretic effects. Furthermore, several studies have shown that dandelion leaves can enhance the growth and productivity of poultry. Various functions on the intestinal mucosa have been reported, including the effects on the architecture of villi, villus height/crypt depth ratio, and cellular infiltration. This herb also has various beneficial functions, such as immunomodulatory effects, stimulation of the digestive system and insulin activation, enhancing the metabolism of androgens, and acting as a probiotic, antiangiogenic, antineoplastic and demulcent. Moreover, the dandelion herb can treat indigestions and hepatitis B infection. Due to the lack of studies on the effects of dandelion, further research has to be conducted to exploit the medicinal properties of this herb for its beneficial health impact on humans, pet and livestock animals (e.g., poultry) nutrition.
Fabrication Approaches for Piezoelectric Materials
Authors: Padha B.
Published: November 2022

After decades of study and development, piezoelectric materials have been used in various applications. Piezoelectric material is highly acknowledged as one of the primary functional materials in precision and acoustic engineering fields. Researchers are being pushed to explore novel materials and device combinations for new applications due to increasing demand, notably from the electrical, energy, and biomedical sectors. On the other hand, engineers are always working to enhance existing technology. Since the field has such a broad reach, it is vital to present an overview of the many areas of piezoelectric materials. This chapter focuses on the fabrication of different piezoelectric materials, applications, and challenges.
Piezoelectric Materials based Phototronics
Authors: Singh M.
Published: November 2022

In 2010, the fundamentals of piezo-phototronics were introduced. By applying stress, a piezo potential is formed in a non-central symmetrical crystal due to ion polarisation. Due to the co-existence of semiconductor and piezoelectricity characteristics, piezo potential induced in the crystal is of significant impact on charge transfer at the junction/interface. The phototronic product uses the piezo capability to manage carrier formation, separation, transportation, and recombination to improve the performance of optoelectronic devices such as photon detectors, solar cells and LED. Today, most of the unique applications in this field can be found in sensing, human-computer interfacing, actuating nanorobotics by effectively integrating piezo-phototronic devices and piezotronic with silicon-based CMOS technology. This chapter gives an insight into the fundamentals of piezo-phototronics.
Combining near-complete characterization with quantitation for lipid analysis in matrix using electron activated dissociation
Authors:   SCIEX, Pearson Mackenzie , Norris Paul , Anderson Ryan
Published: November 2022

EAD has become a valuable tool for comprehensively characterizing glycerophospholipids and neutral lipidsâ€”from lipid class to double bond configurationâ€”on the ZenoTOF 7600 system. However, lipid mediators remain to be fully characterized using EAD analysis. This dissociation tool utilizes electron capture and excitation to provide richer molecular structure information compared to conventional CID. Limited information is often provided by CID, conversely the EAD cell produces diagnostic fragmentation that can be used to quantify, identify, and characterize lipid mediators. Lipid mediators are diverse in terms of the number of possible double bond and functional group positions and geometries; however, the number of distinct parent masses and fragment ion masses is relatively small due to these compounds being derived from a limited set of fatty acid precursors and having many shared structural features (e.g., conjugated dienes, trienes, and tetrataenes; usually 1-3 hydroxyl groups). As a result, liquid chromatography methods for lipid mediator profiling generally demands a longer run time on the order of 15 â€“ 20 minutes (or longer) to achieve sufficient separation of the hundreds of distinct mediators and their numerous epimers and other isobaric species.Â  IDA was initially used with an inclusion list to trigger and collect spectra for a library of lipid mediator standards. Then, using scheduled MRMhr analysis, diagnostic fragments were monitored for PGE2 and PGD2 to quantify these two isoelemental compounds at the same chromatographic retention time.
This newly described methodology for the characterization and quantitation of lipid mediators uses EAD on a ZenoTOF 7600 System. The rich MS/MS data produced by EAD contains unique fragment ions with patterns and intensities that can be used for complete lipid structural Â confirmation. Additionally, the scheduled MRMhr EAD experiment is sensitive, reproducible, and fast, enabling quantitation from diagnostic fragments from complex mixtures during rapid LC separation.
Innovations in high performance, environmentally acceptable lubricants (EALs) in
lubricant applications
Authors:   Biosynthetic
            Technologies, Miller Mark
Published: November 2022

Not available.
Correlating viscosity of 2-ethylhexyl oleic estolide esters to their molecular
weight
Authors:   USDA/ARS, Bantchev Grigor , Cermak Steven ,   USDA
Published: November 2022

Estolides are a relatively new class of biobased materials, and their viscosity
properties are not thoroughly investigated.Â  The viscosity of thirteen 2-ethylhexyl
oleic estolide esters was measured at six temperatures between 20 and 100 Â°C.Â  The
data was fitted with a dozen literature viscosity models. Most of the models were
three-parameters models, some were two-parameters, and one was four-parameter.Â  Five of
the three-parameter models are theory-based, the rest are empirical.Â  The jackknife
procedure was used to estimate the uncertainty of the fitted parameters. The
Mauro-Yue-Ellison-Gupta-Allan (MYEGA) model fitted best the experimental data.Â  For the
theory-based models, correlations were derived between the fitted coefficients and the
molecular weight of the sample. The results allowed for simple prediction of the
viscosity of estolide esters as a function of the temperature, based only on
number-average molecular weight (or on the estolide number). The best model required
additional knowledge of the weight-average molecular weight.