bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of postural steadiness in below-knee amputees when wearing different prosthetic feet during various sensory conditions using the Biodex® Stability System
Authors: Arifin Nooranida , Abu Osman Noor Azuan , Ali Sadeeq , Gholizadeh Hossein , Wan Abas Wan Abu Bakar
Published: May 2015

In recent years, computerized posturography has become an essential tool in quantitative assessment of postural steadiness in the clinical settings. The purpose of this study was to explore the ability of the Biodex® Stability System (BSS) to quantify postural steadiness in below-knee amputees. A convenience sample of 10 below-knee amputees participated in the study. The overall (OSI), anterior–posterior (APSI) and medial–lateral (MLSI) stability indexes as well as the percentage of time spent in left and right quadrants and four concentric zones were measured under altered sensory conditions while standing with solid ankle cushion heel (SACH), single-axis (SA) and energy storage and release (ESAR) feet. Significant difference was found between sensory conditions in SACH and ESAR feet for OSI (SACH, p = 0.002; ESAR, p = 0.005), APSI (SACH, p = 0.036; ESAR, p = 0.003) and MLSI (SACH, p = 0.008; ESAR, p = 0.05) stability indexes. The percentage of time spent in Zone A (0°–5°) was significantly greater than the other three concentric zones (p < 0.01). The loading time percentage on their intact limb (80%–94%) was significantly longer than the amputated limb (20%–6%) in all conditions for all three prosthetic feet. Below-knee amputees showed compromised postural steadiness when visual, proprioceptive or vestibular sensory input was altered. The findings highlight that the characteristics of postural stability in amputees can be clinically assessed by utilizing the outcomes produced by the BSS.
Rethinking the spread of agriculture to the Tibetan Plateau
Authors: d’Alpoim Guedes Jade
Published: May 2015

New data from the Tibetan Plateau allow us to understand how populations dealt with the challenges of moving crops into altitudinally constrained environments. Despite the interest in explaining the timing and the mechanisms via which agricultural products spread to the roof of the world, current models for the spread of agriculture to this region have been simplistic and the presence of crop domesticates is often straightforwardly interpreted as indicating the existence of an agricultural system at the site. This is largely due to a fundamental lack of understanding of where crops could be grown in prehistory on the Plateau. Although it has generally been assumed that moving agriculture into this area was challenging, little work has specifically addressed the constraints imposed on humans as they moved crops into this area. Employing an agro-ecological niche model, I formally model the constraints that were faced by humans as they moved a series of crops into the Tibetan Plateau between the 4th and 1st millennium cal. BC. Based on the results of this analysis, I argue that the end of the climatic optimum meant that millet agriculture was no longer a viable strategy in many parts of the Eastern Himalayas. The arrival of frost tolerant crops in the 2nd millennium BC provided new opportunities in the cooler post climatic optimum world. These models further reveal that sites that have been previously considered as engaged directly in agricultural production may have been more distantly connected to an agricultural lifestyle than previously thought.
Learning to feel, learning to fear? Emotions, imaginaries, and limits in the politics of securitization
Authors: Van Rythoven Eric
Published: May 2015

Despite a growing interest in the role of emotions in world politics, the relationship between emotion and securitization remains unclear. This article shows that persistent, if sporadic, references to fear and emotion in securitization studies remain largely untheorized and fall outside conventional linguistic and sociological ontologies. The tendency to discuss emotion but deny it ontological status has left securitization theory incoherent. This article offers a theoretical reconstruction of securitization where emotion, specifically collective fears, serve as the locus of an audience’s judgment for the practice of securitization. Yet rather than simply accepting that fear facilitates securitizing moves, the article draws on appraisal theory from psychology to argue that collective fear appraisals are often fragile cultural constructs. The generation of these emotional appraisals is often constrained by the limited symbolic resources of the local security imaginary and how agents contest and employ these resources. When the capacity to generate collective fears is constrained, so too is the practice of securitization. An empirical discussion of threat images in US foreign policy is used to explore these constraints. The tendency for securitizing moves to be interpreted as comic underscores the precariousness of social practices seeking to elicit particular collective emotions.
Enhancing the Referral-Making Process to 12-Step Programs
Authors: Dennis Cory B. , Davis Thomas D.
Published: May 2015

Objectives:

This study examines three preparatory strategies that can be used during treatment sessions to bridge the gap between clinician recommendations for client participation in 12-step programs (TSPs) and client adherence to such recommendations.

Methods:

A sample of 284 clinicians completed an online survey. Clinicians responded to items measuring their willingness to motivate client participation in TSPs, integrate 12-step principles into sessions, and form positive attitudes toward 12-step culture. Analysis was conducted using structural equation modeling (SEM).

Results:

Clinician attitudes toward 12-step culture had a significant effect on clinician willingness to motivate client participation in TSPs. Clinician attitudes toward 12-step culture also mediated the effect of integrating 12-step principles into treatment sessions on willingness to motivate client participation in TSPs.

Conclusions:

Because positive attitudes toward 12-step culture play a central role in the referral-making process, it is recommended that clinicians cultivate positive attitudes toward 12-step culture.
“We forgive”: A group’s act of forgiveness and its restorative effects on members’ feelings of justice and sentiments towards the offender group
Authors: Wenzel Michael , Okimoto Tyler G.
Published: May 2015

Although typically conceptualized as a reconciliation outcome, we propose that intergroup forgiveness can also be construed as a decision or course of action that advances justice and positive intergroup sentiments among members of the victimized group. However, the process through which this occurs depends on the perceived differentiation between the groups. Following intergroup transgressions staged in the laboratory (Study 1) or reported in news article scenarios (Study 2), participants whose victimized ingroup expressed forgiveness perceived less injustice than those whose group did not forgive, which indirectly improved intergroup sentiments. Among high ingroup identifiers and in victim groups with low relative status (i.e., more salient intergroup boundaries), forgiveness diminished feelings of injustice by reducing the perceived threat to the ingroup’s status/power. In contrast, among low ingroup identifiers and in groups with high relative status, forgiveness diminished feelings of injustice by reducing the perceived threat to collectively shared values.
Effect of elastohydrodynamic lubrication on the dynamic analysis of ball bearing
Authors: Dong Guihua , Liu Yao , Jing Minqing , Wang Fengtao , Liu Heng
Published: May 2015

A numerical dynamic analysis of ball bearing is presented. The normal contact forces between balls and races are calculated, respectively, based on Hertz contact theory and elastohydrodynamic lubrication theory, and the results are compared to study the effect of elastohydrodynamic lubrication on the simulation. The dynamic model of ball bearing is developed with the assumptions that outer race is fixed in space and other elements have six degrees of freedoms. The lubricant film between balls and races is equivalent as the spring–damper system when elastohydrodynamic lubrication effect is considered. The equations of motion are solved by the fourth-order Runge-Kutta integration method with variable steps. The results indicate that the effect of elastohydrodynamic lubrication has great influence on the dynamic analysis result when the load is slight. As the load increases, the effect of elastohydrodynamic lubrication becomes small.
Accounting for combustion mode switch dynamics and fuel penalties in drive cycle fuel economy
Authors: Nüesch Sandro , Gorzelic Patrick , Jiang Li , Sterniak Jeff , Stefanopoulou Anna G
Published: May 2015

A methodology is introduced to analyze the drive cycle fuel economy of a vehicle equipped with a multimode combustion engine, utilizing commercial cam phasers and two-step cam profile switching. The analysis is based on a longitudinal vehicle model with manual transmission. The engine model employs a finite state machine describing mode switches between two distinct combustion modes, namely, spark-ignited and homogeneous charge compression ignition. Preliminary combustion mode switch experiments were used to parameterize the model. The influence of mode switch fuel penalties on drive cycle fuel economy was quantified through application of the model to the federal test procedure (FTP-75), the highway fuel economy test (HWFET) and the US06 supplemental federal test procedure. The mode switches were analyzed individually in terms of their benefit on fuel economy and a distinction was made between harmful and beneficial mode switches. Mode switches were defined as harmful whether their fuel penalty is greater than the benefits originating from spending time in the subsequent homogeneous charge compression ignition mode. A parametric study was conducted to investigate the impact of harmful mode switches on fuel economy as a function of the fuel penalties during the switch. In the case of high fuel penalties, supervisory control becomes an important tool for minimizing the number of harmful mode switches. One possible supervisory strategy discussed is a smoothing strategy, in which a mode switch is delayed by introducing a dwell time.
Whose culture?: Monolithic cultures and subcultures in early childhood settings
Authors: Halttunen Leena
Published: May 2015

In Finland, day care centre directors have traditionally led only a single unit, but after the recent merging of many units, most directors simultaneously lead several, physically separate units. These organizations are called distributed organizations. This study was carried out in two distributed day care organizations. The findings are based on interviews with and observations of the staff members. When organizational mergers occur, they raise questions about culture. The findings show that part of the culture should have been shared by all members across the organization, but staff also emphasized the importance of subcultures. Two of Meyerson and Martin’s paradigms were found to exist in parallel: integration and differentiation.
Feminist Framework Plus
Authors: McPhail Beverly A.
Published: May 2015

The radical–liberal feminist perspective on rape posits that the assault is motivated by power and control rather than sexual gratification and is a violent rather than a sexual act. However, rape is a complex act. Relying on only one early strand of feminist thought to explain the etiology of rape limits feminists’ understanding of rape and the practice based upon the theory. The history of the adoption of the “power, not sex” theory is presented and the model critiqued. A more integrated model is developed and presented, the Feminist Framework Plus, which knits together five feminist theories into a comprehensive model that better explains the depth and breadth of the etiology of rape. Empirical evidence that supports each theory is detailed as well as the implications of the model on service provision, education, and advocacy.
The Fans’ Perception of Competitive Balance and Its Impact on Willingness-to-Pay for a Single Game
Authors: Nalbantis Georgios , Pawlowski Tim , Coates Dennis
Published: May 2015

The economics literature related to the uncertainty of outcome hypothesis reopens the discussion of whether the fans’ perceptions of competitive balance (CB) are in line with Rottenberg’s and Neale’s theory. This article contributes to the literature by analyzing the effect of fans’ perceptions of suspensefulness on their willingness-to-pay for a single-game ticket and evaluating monetarily the (un)importance of CB. Results suggest that fans’ notions of competitiveness influence their spending behavior, rising as perceived balance rises, at least up to high levels of competitiveness.
Countermeasures for Mitigating Fatigue in Motor Vehicle Operators
Authors: Wesensten Nancy J. , Balkin Thomas J. , Belenky Gregory
Published: May 2015

Sleep debt and time of day/night (circadian rhythm) exert substantial effects on commercial motor vehicle (CMV) operator (e.g. truck and bus/motor coach, railroad engineer, aviation pilot) performance—and, therefore, safety. In this chapter, the influence of sleep debt and circadian effects on operator performance are described. Efficacy of various countermeasures is reviewed, and the influence of individual operator traits (genetic factors) is briefly discussed. It is concluded that sleep (napping) remains the best strategy for restoring and maintaining CMV operator neurobehavioral performance. Results from ongoing research will lead to occupation-specific and individualized strategies for managing sleepiness and fatigue in operational environments.
A Systems-Based Framework to Measure, Predict, and Manage Fatigue
Authors: Lehrer Andrew M.
Published: May 2015

Transportation operator fatigue is a pervasive cross-modal risk, still largely unmitigated, costly, and underreported. Effectively predicting fatigue risk can help stem this trend and improve transportation safety, performance, and well-being. Not surprisingly, there is growing interest in applying fatigue models to support and evaluate safety-critical initiatives, such as scheduling, accident investigation, and hours-of-service rule making and compliance. Yet there is limited empirical data about whether current fatigue models are used as intended, how effectively they predict fatigue, and how they might be improved. Though current models typically focus on two or three biological processes that impact fatigue, the literature presents many internal and external variables that influence fatigue, and current models largely neglect this more comprehensive suite of contributing factors needed to assess individual employee risk across variable work environments. The U.S. Department of Transportation Safety Council has recognized the need to assess the strengths and weaknesses of existing biomathematical fatigue models and to explore how to maximize efficacy, reliability, and validity. In this chapter, we review a sample of current fatigue models, identify performance gaps, and describe an overarching framework to guide next-generation fatigue model development. The proposed eight-state model offers a novel systems-based approach to integrate contributing internal and external fatigue factors and better measure, predict, and manage fatigue risk across transportation and other safety-critical operations.
Evolving Regulatory Approaches for Managing Fatigue Risk in Transport Operations
Authors: Gander Philippa H.
Published: May 2015

Fatigue is a physiological state of reduced performance capability resulting from sleep loss or extended wakefulness, circadian phase, or workload (mental and/or physical activity) that can impair a transport worker’s alertness and ability to work safely. Fatigue is affected by all waking activities, not only those that are work related. Consequently, fatigue management must be a shared responsibility of regulators, employers, and employees. Prescriptive hours-of-service limits, the traditional regulatory approach for managing fatigue, are increasingly being challenged with regard to their effectiveness in delivering safety and their cost to industry. Fatigue risk management systems (FRMSs) are a new regulatory approach that combines advances in the understanding of worker fatigue and accident causation with advances in safety management. FRMSs are data driven, are based on combined scientific and operational expertise, and include processes for monitoring their safety performance and for continuous improvement. Prescriptive hours-of-work limits are familiar and are arguably adequate in circumstances where fatigue-related safety risk is low. On the other hand, economic pressures are expected to continue to push transport companies to maximize use of vehicles/locomotives/vessels/aircraft with minimum safe manning levels. These pressures will drive the need for more tailored and flexible approaches to fatigue management, such as FRMSs.
From Transportation Fatigue Research to Effective Practice: The Case for Evaluation
Authors: Coplen Michael K. , Snow Juna Z.
Published: May 2015

A golden age of research in the fields of sleep, circadian rhythms, and shift work has arrived. Each of these seemingly independent scientific disciplines has rendered tremendous progress over the past few decades that converge into a core body of research with direct applications for mitigating transportation fatigue and fatigue-related accidents. A common understanding now exists regarding key factors associated with transportation fatigue and related accidents across transportation domains. A variety of validated countermeasures and practical tools known to mitigate fatigue and accident risk have been developed. Despite this common knowledge of fatigue risk factors and known effective countermeasures among the research community, numerous challenges remain in bridging the gap between transportation fatigue research and effective real-world practice. Tracing the history of evaluation in response to the federal mandate for evaluation, including its roles, theories and methods, and evidence from the 2009 International Conference on Fatigue Management in Transportation, we propose the transdiscipline of evaluation as a mechanism for bridging this gap. Each chapter in this volume of Reviews of Human Factors and Ergonomics was reviewed using an evaluative framework that focused on five broad evaluative question areas: (a) authors’ main points, arguments, and conclusions with respect to context, program design, implementation, and impact; (b) authors’ key recommendations; (c) gaps and deficiencies, if any, in authors’ recommendations; (d) the most promising approaches for practical use; and (e) evaluation considerations for facilitating research use and practical applications. These evaluative question areas then were synthesized across chapters for common themes, gaps and deficiencies, and most promising approaches. The extent to which chapters respond to the federal evaluation mandate with respect to context, program design, implementation, and impact is discussed. In conclusion, drawing from the vast knowledge and experience in the evaluation field, a case is made for using five key evaluation principles to help bridge the gap between transportation fatigue research and effective practice, including core evaluation questions, stakeholder engagement, utilization-focused data and information gathering, valid and relevant findings, and targeted reporting.
Intrathecal drug delivery for the management of pain and spasticity in adults: an executive summary of the British Pain Society’s recommendations for best clinical practice
Authors: Duarte Rui , Raphael Jon , Eldabe Sam
Published: May 2015

This article provides a summary of the updated British Pain Society Guidance on Intrathecal Drug Delivery for the management of pain and spasticity in adults. We aim to highlight the areas of the guidance that have been updated and to provide a concise summary.
Low-Magnitude, High-Frequency Vibration Fails to Accelerate Ligament Healing but Stimulates Collagen Synthesis in the Achilles Tendon
Authors: Thompson William R. , Keller Benjamin V. , Davis Matthew L. , Dahners Laurence E. , Weinhold Paul S.
Published: May 2015

Background:

Low-magnitude, high-frequency vibration accelerates fracture and wound healing and prevents disuse atrophy in musculoskeletal tissues.

Purpose:

To investigate the role of low-magnitude, high-frequency vibration as a treatment to accelerate healing of an acute ligament injury and to examine gene expression in the intact Achilles tendon of the injured limb after low-magnitude, high-frequency vibration.

Study Design:

Controlled laboratory study.

Methods:

Complete surgical transection of the medial collateral ligament (MCL) was performed in 32 Sprague-Dawley rats, divided into control and low-magnitude, high-frequency vibration groups. Low-magnitude, high-frequency vibration started on postoperative day 2, and rats received vibration for 30 minutes a day for 12 days. All rats were sacrificed 2 weeks after the operation, and their intact and injured MCLs were biomechanically tested or used for histological analysis. Intact Achilles tendons from the injured limb were evaluated for differences in gene expression.

Results:

Mechanical testing revealed no differences in the ultimate tensile load or the structural stiffness between the control and vibration groups for either the injured or intact MCL. Vibration exposure increased gene expression of collagen 1 alpha (3-fold), interleukin 6 (7-fold), cyclooxygenase 2 (5-fold), and bone morphogenetic protein 12 (4-fold) in the intact Achilles tendon when compared with control tendons ( P < .05).

Conclusion:

While no differences were observed in the mechanical or histological properties of the fully transected MCL after low-magnitude, high-frequency vibration treatment, significant enhancements in gene expression were observed in the intact Achilles tendon. These included collagen, several inflammatory cytokines, and growth factors critical for tendons.

Clinical Relevance:

As low-magnitude, high-frequency vibration had no negative effects on ligament healing, vibration therapy may be a useful tool to accelerate healing of other tissues (bone) in multitrauma injuries without inhibiting ligament healing. Additionally, the enhanced gene expression in response to low-magnitude, high-frequency vibration in the intact Achilles tendon suggests the need to further study its potential to accelerate tendon healing in partial injury or repair models.
A versatile reporter system for CRISPR-mediated chromosomal rearrangements
Authors: Li Yingxiang , Park Angela I. , Mou Haiwei , Colpan Cansu , Bizhanova Aizhan , Akama-Garren Elliot , Joshi Nik , Hendrickson Eric A. , Feldser David , Yin Hao , Anderson Daniel G. , Jacks Tyler , Weng Zhiping , Xue Wen
Published: May 2015

Although chromosomal deletions and inversions are important in cancer, conventional methods for detecting DNA rearrangements require laborious indirect assays. Here we develop fluorescent reporters to rapidly quantify CRISPR/Cas9-mediated deletions and inversions. We find that inversion depends on the non-homologous end-joining enzyme LIG4. We also engineer deletions and inversions for a 50 kb Pten genomic region in mouse liver. We discover diverse yet sequence-specific indels at the rearrangement fusion sites. Moreover, we detect Cas9 cleavage at the fourth nucleotide on the non-complementary strand, leading to staggered instead of blunt DNA breaks. These reporters allow mechanisms of chromosomal rearrangements to be investigated.
Do wage subsidies for disabled workers reduce their non-employment? - evidence from the Danish Flexjob scheme
Authors: Datta Gupta Nabanita , Larsen Mona , Thomsen Lars Stage
Published: May 2015

We evaluate the potential of wage subsidy programs for reducing non-employment of the disabled by exploiting a reform of the Danish Flexjob scheme targeted towards employing the long-term (partially) disabled. Firms received a salary reimbursement for all employees granted a Flexjob. We examine whether a change from full to partial reimbursement to governmental units affected the share of Flexjobs allocated to retained (insiders) versus non-employed hirees (outsiders). After the reform, the composition of hires changed substantially in favor of insiders, both in absolute and relative terms. A reduction in subsidies thus leads to a decrease in the hiring of the non-employed disabled.

JEL Codes: I38, J14, C21
MicroRNA-193b Controls Adiponectin Production in Human White Adipose Tissue
Authors: Belarbi Yasmina , Mejhert Niklas , Lorente-Cebrián Silvia , Dahlman Ingrid , Arner Peter , Rydén Mikael , Kulyté Agné
Published: May 2015

Context:

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are posttranscriptional regulators of gene expression. In white adipose tissue (WAT), recent studies suggest that miRNA levels are altered in various metabolic diseases, including obesity.

Objective:

The objective of the study was to determine whether adipocyte-expressed miRNAs altered by obesity can regulate adiponectin expression/secretion in fat cells.

Design:

Eleven miRNAs previously shown to be altered in obese human WAT were overexpressed in human in vitro-differentiated adipocytes followed by assessments of adiponectin levels in conditioned media.

Setting:

This was cohort study (n = 56) in an academic hospital.

Patients:

Subcutaneous WAT was obtained from nonobese and obese individuals.

Interventions:

There were no interventions in this study.

Main Outcome Measure(s):

Protein and mRNA levels of adiponectin were measured.

Results:

Of the 11 investigated miRNAs, three (miR-193b/-126/-26a) increased adiponectin secretion when overexpressed in human adipocytes. However, in human WAT only miR-193b expression correlated with adiponectin gene expression and homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance. Moreover, quantitative PCR of miR-193b in both WAT and isolated adipocytes showed a significant association with serum adiponectin levels. Overexpression of miR-193b altered the gene expression of seven known adiponectin regulators. 3′-untranslated region reporter assays confirmed binding to cAMP-responsive element binding protein 5, nuclear receptor interacting protein 1, and nuclear transcription factor Yα. The effects of miR-193b on nuclear transcription factor Yα expression were confirmed at the protein level. Transfection with individual miRNA target protectors selective for nuclear transcription factor Yα and nuclear receptor interacting protein 1 abolished the stimulatory effect of miR-193b on adiponectin secretion.

Conclusions:

In human adipocytes, miR-193b controls adiponectin production via pathways involving nuclear transcription factor Yα and possibly nuclear receptor interacting protein 1.
Shifts in temperature within the physiologic range modify strand-specific expression of select human microRNAs
Authors: Potla Ratnakar , Singh Ishwar S. , Atamas Sergei P. , Hasday Jeffrey D.
Published: May 2015

Previous studies have revealed that clinically relevant changes in temperature modify clinically relevant gene expression profiles through transcriptional regulation. Temperature dependence of post-transcriptional regulation, specifically, through expression of miRNAs has been less studied. We comprehensively analyzed the effect of 24 h exposure to 32°C or 39.5°C on miRNA expression profile in primary cultured human small airway epithelial cells (hSAECs) and its impact on expression of a targeted protein, protein kinase C α (PKCα). Using microarray, and solution hybridization-based nCounter assays, with confirmation by quantitative RT-PCR, we found significant temperature-dependent changes in expression level of only five mature human miRNAs, representing only 1% of detected miRNAs. Four of these five miRNAs are the less abundant passenger (star) strands. They exhibited a similar pattern of increased expression at 32°C and reduced expression at 39.5°C relative to 37°C. As PKCα mRNA has multiple potential binding sites for three of these miRNAs, we analyzed PKCα protein expression in HEK 293T cells and hSAECs. PKCα protein levels were lowest at 32°C and highest at 39.5°C and specific miRNA inhibitors reduced these effects. Finally, we analyzed cell-cycle progression in hSAECs and found 32°C cells exhibited the greatest G1 to S transition, a process known to be inhibited by PKCα, and the effect was mitigated by specific miRNA inhibitors. These results demonstrate that exposure to clinically relevant hypothermia or hyperthermia modifies expression of a narrow subset of miRNAs and impacts expression of at least one signaling protein involved in multiple important cellular processes.
Xenopus CAF1 requires NOT1-mediated interaction with 4E-T to repress translation in vivo
Authors: Waghray Shruti , Williams Clay , Coon Joshua J. , Wickens Marvin
Published: May 2015

RNA-regulatory factors bound to 3′ UTRs control translation and stability. Repression often is associated with poly(A) removal. The deadenylase CAF1 is a core component of the CCR4–NOT complex. Our prior studies established that CAF1 represses translation independent of deadenylation. We sought the mechanism of its deadenylation-independent repression in Xenopus oocytes. Our data reveal a chain of interacting proteins that links CAF1 to CCR4–NOT and to Xp54 and 4E-T. Association of CAF1 with NOT1, the major subunit of CCR4–NOT, is required for repression by CAF1 tethered to a reporter mRNA. Affinity purification-mass spectrometry and coimmunoprecipitation revealed that at least five members of the CCR4–NOT complex were recruited by CAF1. The recruitment of these proteins required NOT1, as did the ability of tethered CAF1 to repress translation. In turn, NOT1 was needed to recruit Xp54 and 4E-T. We examined the role of 4E-T in repression using mutations that disrupted either eIF4E-dependent or -independent mechanisms. Expression of a 4E-T truncation that still bound eIF4E alleviated repression by tethered CAF1, NOT1, and Xp54. In contrast, a mutant 4E-T that failed to bind eIF4E did not. Repression of global translation was affected only by the eIF4E-dependent mechanism. Reporters bearing IRES elements revealed that repression via tethered CAF1 and Xp54 is cap- and eIF4E-independent, but requires one or more of eIF4A, eIF4B, and eIF4G. We propose that RNA-binding proteins, and perhaps miRNAs, repress translation through an analogous chain of interactions that begin with the 3′ UTR-bound repressor and end with the noncanonical activity of 4E-T.
A Case Study of the Impediments to the Commercialization of Research at the University of Kentucky
Authors: Vanderford Nathan L. , Marcinkowski Elizabeth
Published: May 2015

The commercialization of university-based research occurs to varying degrees between academic institutions. Previous studies have found that multiple barriers can impede the effectiveness and efficiency by which academic research is commercialized. This case study was designed to analyze the status of the commercialization activity at the University of Kentucky via a survey and interview with a successful academic entrepreneur in order to determine the impediments the individual perceived during the commercialization process. The study also garnered insight from the individual as to how the commercialization process could be improved. Issues with infrastructure were highlighted as the most significant barrier faced by the individual. The research subject also suggested that commercialization activity may generally increase if a number of factors were mitigated. Such insight can be communicated to the administrative leadership of the commercialization process at the University of Kentucky. Long term, improving university-based research commercialization will allow academic researchers to be more active and successful entrepreneurs such that intellectual property will progress more freely to the marketplace for the benefit of inventors, universities, and society.
Dwa lata po Fukushimie. Sektor energetyczny, strategia rządu i przyszłość Japonii
Authors: Bieliszczuk Bartosz
Published: May 2015

Two years after the Fukushima disaster: Japan’s future, policy and energy industry

In 2011, Japan was hit by an unprecedented disaster – an earthquake and a tsunami that led to one of the biggest nuclear accidents in world’s history. This paper analyses Japan’s energy situation before and after the event, focusing on whether or not – and if, how – this tragedy changed the country’s energy policy. To achieve this aim, the author focuses on Japan’s energy profile, energy mix and characterises the country’s accessibility to natural resources including natural gas, oil and hard coal. The article also discusses the country’s electric energy production, warehousing and transmission infrastructure. It provides a detailed analysis of legal regulations and competencies of relevant ministries, as well as governmental policies, strategies and aims. Another significant issue raised is the inclusion of renewable energy sources in Japan’s future energy mix. The paper also takes into consideration the Japanese public’s reaction to the Fukushima disaster and traces the changing attitude of the Japanese to nuclear energy. The conclusions describe possible future energy scenarios and their consequences for the country’s energy and economic security.
Przeciwdziałanie nielegalnej imigracji w Unii Europejskiej
Authors: Lercel Jakub
Published: May 2015

Preventing illegal immigration in the European Union since the coming into force of the Lisbon Treaty. The legislation in force after the Treaty of Lisbon

The article analyses the activities of the European Union aimed at preventing illegal immigration. The author describes the legal basis for immigration policy prior to and after the Treaty of Lisbon came into force. The most important elements of the multiannual programs for justice and home affairs adopted by the European Council between 1999 and 2009 are also discussed. Chronologically, these were: The Tampere, The Hague and The Stockholm Programs. Finally, the article presents statistical data related to the number of illegal third country citizens in the EU Member States.
The Diseconomies of Queue Pooling: An Empirical Investigation of Emergency Department Length of Stay
Authors: Song Hummy , Tucker Anita L. , Murrell Karen L.
Published: May 2015

We conduct an empirical investigation of the impact of queue management on patients’ average wait time and length of stay (LOS). Using an emergency department’s (ED) patient-level data from 2007 to 2010, we find that patients’ average wait time and LOS are longer when physicians are assigned patients under a pooled queuing system with a fairness constraint compared to a dedicated queuing system with the same fairness constraint. Using a difference-in-differences approach, we find the dedicated queuing system is associated with a 17% decrease in average LOS and a 9% decrease in average wait time relative to the control group—a 39-minute reduction in LOS and a four-minute reduction in wait time for an average patient of medium severity in this ED. Interviews and observations of physicians suggest that the improved performance stems from the physicians’ increased ownership over patients and resources that is afforded by a dedicated queuing system, which enables physicians to more actively manage the flow of patients into and out of ED beds. Our findings suggest that the benefits from improved flow management in a dedicated queuing system can be large enough to overcome the longer wait time predicted to arise from nonpooled queues. We conduct additional analyses to rule out alternate explanations for the reduced average wait time and LOS in the dedicated system, such as stinting and decreased quality of care. Our paper has implications for healthcare organizations and others seeking to reduce patient wait time and LOS without increasing costs.

This paper was accepted by Serguei Netessine, operations management.
Rotten roots: root surface caries risks and management
Authors: Tilling Elaine
Published: May 2015

In this article, Elaine Tilling discusses the causes of root surface caries, the risk factors associated with this type of caries, the challenges involved, and how to manage them effectively
Becoming a locum dental nurse
Authors: Groves Wendy
Published: May 2015

In this article, Wendy Groves describes her journey from working in a practice to becoming a locum dental nurse
Holiday pay: how court rulings may affect you
Authors: Russell Kate
Published: May 2015

Recent court rulings have changed the way in which holiday pay is calculated. Employers could now have to pay considerably more. In this article, Kate Russell explores the recent rulings and how they may affect how holiday pay is calculated
Reflection. Part 4: reflective management and learning
Authors: Fowler John
Published: May 2015

This series is exploring reflective practice as it relates to dental nursing. This article examines how you can use reflection to enhance your management role and how you learn from your experiences
Microchipping: how legislation will impact your practice
Authors: Walsom Celia
Published: May 2015

It's now less than a year until microchipping of dogs becomes compulsory by law. This article looks at how the legislation that will accompany compulsory microchipping will impact on veterinary practices.
How to conduct a nurse-led senior clinic part 2 — patient assessment and diagnostic testing
Authors: Kerrigan Lynne
Published: May 2015

Introduction

The recent passing of the new Royal Charter, formally recognising veterinary nursing as a profession by underpinning veterinary nursing regulation and granting veterinary nurses the status of associate members of the Royal College of Veterinary Surgeons, represents a huge step forward for the UK veterinary nursing profession. Veterinary nurses are qualified, registered, highly skilled and accountable professionals who possess the knowledge and skills to educate owners regarding many aspects of preventative care, including senior wellness. The second of this two-part article examines the role of the qualified veterinary nurse in the assessment of an ageing dog or cat during a nurse-led senior clinic.
Invasion of the brown dog tick…
Authors: Stokes Laura
Published: May 2015

The brown dog tick, Latin name Rhipicephalus sanguineus, is primarily a tick of southern Europe, but recently there have been a number of news stories reporting the increased number of cases of this tick in the UK. So what is going on? Where are these ticks coming from and are changes to the Pet Travel Scheme (PETS) really to blame? And what role does climate change play?
Venous Structural Angulations and their Relationship with Insufficiency
Authors: Tosun Alptekin , Hancerliogullari Kadir Oymen , Serifoglu Ismail , Keskin Ozlem , Ozkaya Enis
Published: May 2015

Objective: The venous insufficiency of lower limb is a common complaint in the population. The natural history of CVD is not clear enough to satisfy. We have investigated the venous anatomy and reflux existence of the lower limb by using the structural angulations of the venous outlets and related this to the occurrence of venous reflux in the superficial, deep and perforator venous system, demonstrated on CDS.
Methods: We investigate 44 limbs of 22 healthy subjects and 46 limbs of 23 patients with chronic venous disease (CVD). The participants were evaluated with duplex scanning for venous reflux. The CDS examination performed in the upright and supine position. Compression on gray-scale and color Doppler were employed to assess the absence of venous thrombosis. 
Result: 45 patients (31 female, 14 male) were examinated on doppler ultrasonography. The mean age was 54.5 years (41 to 79 years). All subjects were in normal range of body-mass-index and had no significant disease. We measured the vascular angulations on gray-scale ultrasonography. The measured the angulations of common femoral vein-saphenofemoral junction, saphenofemoral junction-vena saphena magna, common femoral vein-superficial femoral vein, common femoral vein-deep femoral vein and bifurcation of superficial femoral vein-deep femoral vein, respectively. Anatomical structural angulations were measured at 5 levels on sonography.
Conclusion: The CDS is a definitive, economical and noninvasive safe diagnostic method in the diagnosis of CVD. This method appears to suggest a new imaginative approach with the measure of the angulations between venous vessel connections, consequently may predictive further CVD in early periods.
Interview: Kate Granger
Authors: Ghabina Sarah
Published: May 2015

How one doctor's distressing experiences as a terminal cancer patient drove her to launch a national campaign to improve compassionate care.
Necropolitical Debris: The Dichotomy of Life and Death
Authors: Shalhoub-Kevorkian Nadera
Published: May 2015

This article examines the Nakba Bill as a site to uncover dispossession, surveillance and control over Palestinians. To begin, the article argues that the Palestinian Nakba is both a historical event in which the majority of the Palestinian nation was forced into exile, and a larger, ongoing settler colonial structure that continues to mark the everyday lives of Palestinians inside Israel, the Occupied Territories and in exile. My examination of the Nakba Bill suggests that the Bill represents a harmful weapon that operates to distinguish between a human group that has the right to commemorate its losses and a non-human group that has no right to historical memory or commemoration. The Nakba Bill carries with it the power to provoke psychological damage, as it aims at erasing Palestinian history and rejecting the right to mourn the unacknowledged and continuous injustice and abuses against the Palestinian nation. The article concludes by arguing that the Bill is a continuation of the Zionist legal history that has evicted Palestinians from their homeland, both physically and psychologically, and as such, it attempts to deny a Palestinian narrative of exile, dispossession and collective trauma.
Mothers Make Art: Using participatory art to explore the transition to motherhood
Authors: Hogan Susan
Published: May 2015

This article explores the use of visual methods to explore women’s experience of pregnancy, childbirth and the adjustment to motherhood in a British context; it is particularly interested in thinking about whether visual methods can help deliver new insights into these experiences and what forms these might take. The work is not making universal claims about maternal experience, but rather is interested in the vibrancy, intensity and freshness that visual methods can bring to elucidate human experience.
A review of the concept of Salutogenesis and its significance for promoting mental health recovery through participatory arts
Authors: Stickley Theodore , Hoare Michaela
Published: May 2015

This review article seeks to strengthen the theoretical basis for the use of community-based arts programmes to promote mental health and well-being. This is done by introducing the Salutogenic Model of health promotion and the recovery approach in mental health and applying their relevance to social and political trends in the United Kingdom today. Salutogenesis has much to offer the theory and practice of health promotion, and in particular arts-based approaches. Mental health outcomes are difficult to define and prescribe for, though community-based arts approaches may help to strengthen individuals and communities. Community-based arts programmes are well placed to meet these various agendas and are able to contribute to meeting the social and identity needs of people with mental health problems.
Strongly Traditional Judaism: A Selective Guide to World Wide Web Resources in English
Authors: Shulman Jacob
Published: May 2015

Annotated list of about forty selected World Wide Web sites in English that are relevant to understanding the more traditionally religious Jewish community. The sites include resource indexes and information about kosher food, Jewish calendars, music, communities, and Torah learning. The sites are classified into 13 categories. The article concludes with a glossary, references, and an index. Updated mid-January 1998.
Selected Topics on Hebraica Cataloging from the Heb-NACO Listserv
Authors: Holt Caroline , Biella Joan
Published: May 2015

The Hebrew NACO (Name Authority Cooperative Program) Funnel Project, which began in October 1994, was the catalyst for creating the HebNACO listserv. Although the listserv was specifically designed to cover only Hebraic authority issues, it functions as a discussion group for all issues pertaining to Hebraica cataloging.
Cataloguing the Cairo Genizah
Authors: Brody Robert
Published: May 2015

The Cairo Genizah collections are an extraordinarily important resource for many fields of Jewish Studies. Some of the difficulties confronted by scholars in exploiting these materials are described, and the importance of producing a series of reliable catalogues of the various collections is emphasized.
Epistle from Israel (2000)
Authors: Aronson Yaakov
Published: May 2015

Activities of the Judaica Librarians' Group, the Jewish National aחd Uחiversity Library, and other Judaica libraries in Israel during 1995–1996 are surveyed. Also, lsraeli World Wide Web sites with important information for Judaica librarians, and new Judaica publications of special importance to libraries are described .
Compiling a Bibliography סf American Jewish Liturgy through 1925
Authors: Wachs Sharona
Published: May 2015

The experience of compiling a bibliography of American Jewish liturgy from the establishment of the press through 1925 is discussed. The parameters of the bibliography are detailed as well as its contents. The present lack of complete or systematic documentation of American Jewish liturgy in Judaica libraries is noted. Also discussed is the significance of liturgy for the study of American Jews, their religious and cultural identity, as well as their demographics.
This paper details the experience of compiling a bibliography of American Jewish liturgy through 1925, and describes some of the parameters and contents of the bibliography. This bibliography was published by Hebrew Union College Press in late 1997 under the title American Jewish Liturgies: A Bibliography of American Jewish Liturgy from the Establishment of the Press in the Colonies through 1925.
Using Women's Studies/ Feminist Periodicals as a Resource for Researching Jewish Women
Authors: Holman Weisbard Phyllis
Published: May 2015

Articles on Jewish women are frequently published in women's studies/ feminist periodicals, where they may not readily come to the attention of Judaica researchers owing in large measure to the difficulties inherent in the indexing of this new interdisciplinary field. From her vantage point as publisher of Feminist Periodicals: A Current Listing of Contents and with a background in Judaica librarianship, the author has taken note of a wealth of material on Jewish women, covering both religious and secular aspects of Jewish women's identity, upbringing, and psyche; the status of Israeli women and feminism in Israel; the Holocaust, antisemitism, and women (including antisemitism within the women's movement); and creative expression by Jewish women on Jewish themes in the form of short stories, poetry, and art work. Examples from this material are provided, in order to encourage consideration of these periodicals as a resource in studying Jewish women.
The Aristocrats!: Comedy, grotesqueries and political inversions of the masculine code
Authors: Deveau Danielle Jeanine
Published: May 2015

In the film