bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Eficiência de fixação de n por rizobactérias nativas do semiárido
Authors: Aviz Rhaiana Oliveira de , Silva Nágila Sabrina Guedes da , Santos Wagner Martins dos , Amaral Erison Martins , Santos João Pedro Alves de Souza , Silva José Orlando Nunes da , Salvador Kaique Renan da Silva , Leite Renan Matheus Cordeiro , Leite Maurício Luiz de Mello Vieira , Santos Carolina Etienne de Rosália e Silva
Published: June 2022

A fertilização química por um longo período pode acarretar em vários efeitos negativos para o solo e consequentemente para o desenvolvimento das culturas, por isso é importante buscar formas alternativas de fertilização que proporcione a preservação do ambiente de cultivo e um crescimento vegetal eficiente e sustentável. A inoculação de plantas com bactérias fixadoras de nitrogênio tem mostrado resultados bastante positivos em vários trabalhos científicos com diversas espécies vegetais de interesse econômico. Além disso, é uma fonte de nitrogênio mais barata que o fertilizante nitrogenado, diminuindo custos com mão de obra e uso de maquinário. Entretanto as bactérias de inoculantes comerciais podem ter sensibilidade aos estresses abióticos do local a serem introduzidas, diminuindo a eficiência do produto, principalmente em regiões de clima semiárido devido às altas temperaturas do ar, longos períodos de secas e problemas com salinidade do solo e da água. O uso de estirpes nativas pode apresentar maior eficiência de fixação de nitrogênio e desenvolvimento das plantas em condições adversas, por serem adaptados a essas condições. Estudos em ambientes semiáridos mostraram que essas estirpes possuem eficiência de aquisição de nitrogênio igual ou superior ao uso de inoculantes comerciais ou adubação nitrogenada. A utilização de inoculantes voltados para estirpes adaptadas às condições semiáridas pode promover o desenvolvimento da agricultura local, devido à diminuição com a adubação nitrogenada e possibilidade de inserção de outras culturas no sistema de produção. Entretanto, o processo de formulação de um novo inoculante para o mercado demanda recursos, pesquisas e demora anos para ser concluído.
Análise bacteriológica para avaliação da qualidade da água superficial da sub-bacia do baixo Guamá em Belém do Pará
Authors: Carneiro Carla Renata de Oliveira , Ribeiro Hebe Morganne Campos , Coutinho Eliane de Castro , Pontes Altem Nascimento , Pantoja Danielle Nazaré Salgado Mamede
Published: June 2022

O município de Belém está entre os que possuem pior índice de saneamento básico do país, com destaque para o esgotamento sanitário que eleva a carga de poluentes nos corpos receptores, dentre eles o rio Guamá. Considerando este cenário onde apenas 13% da população possui coleta de esgoto, a situação requer alerta, pois a história nos revela que a saúde da população está relacionada ao nível de saneamento e ao modo como os recursos hídricos são utilizados. Neste sentido, a pesquisa visou determinar as condições das águas superficiais do rio Guamá, na sub-bacia do baixo Guamá em Belém, com análise de parâmetros microbiológicos e identificar quais fatores têm influenciado nos resultados obtidos. Dados primários foram alcançados mediante coleta de água em 08 pontos da sub-bacia, no trecho de Belém, em período chuvoso e não chuvoso de 2020 para posterior análise da concentração de coliformes termotolerantes - CT. Ademais, dados secundários foram obtidos quanto ao número de notificações das principais doenças de veiculação hídrica e relacionadas à falta de saneamento, através do Datasus entre 2007 a 2017. A análise dos dados pautou-se na comparação dos limites legais da Res. CONAMA 357/05, bem como testes estatísticos. Como resultado, os limites legais (1.000 NMP/100ml) foram ultrapassados em diversos pontos, onde no período menos chuvoso obteve média de 3.799,5 NMP/100ml, alcançando máxima de 12.098 NMP/100ml no ponto 05. No período mais chuvoso, apresentou-se resultados maiores que 24.000 NMP/100ml em todos os pontos. Estatisticamente os CT obtiveram diferença significativa na sazonalidade. Os dados secundários indicam um total de 17.304 notificações das doenças pesquisadas no período analisado, tendo a dengue e leptospirose, relacionadas à falta de saneamento, com maiores incidências. Conclui-se que a capital tem tido reflexo tanto na qualidade do corpo receptor, quanto na saúde da população. Fatores socioambientais nos pontos coletados podem ter relação com a alta concentração resultante de CT encontrada e de doenças em decorrência do saneamento precário.
Distribuição natural de Trema micrantha (L.) Blume no presente e nos cenários climáticos futuros
Authors: Flor Brisa , Aguiar Ananda Virgínia de , Wrege Marcos Silveira , Paranatinga Iasmin Laís Damasceno , Souza Diulio Andrew Torres de , Marques Ricardo Livio Santos , Ramos Santiago Linorio Ferreyra , Dequigiovanni Gabriel , Tomaz Jennifer Souza , Lopes Maria Teresa Gomes
Published: June 2022

Considerado o maior bioma de floresta tropical do mundo, a Amazônia contém cerca de 50% da biodiversidade do planeta. Entretanto, este bioma vem sendo ameaçado por vários fatores, dentre os quais o principal é o desmatamento causado por um conjunto de atividades antrópicas. Diante disto, o objetivo do trabalho foi determinar a distribuição natural de Trema micrantha (L.) Blume por biomas e analisar as alterações em sua distribuição no futuro, em função das mudanças climáticas globais. Para este fim, foram usados modelos de nicho ecológico e foram produzidos mapas que podem servir de suporte à tomada de decisão, visando a conservação dos recursos genéticos da espécie e a redução dos riscos de extinção de populações, principalmente as situadas nas zonas marginais de distribuição da espécie, que podem ser as primeiras a sofrer os efeitos das mudanças climáticas. As populações das zonas marginais são as que têm maior diversidade genética, pelo fato de estarem presentes na zona de transição, e não tem similares em outras regiões, devido à condição climática diferenciada que possuem. As informações geradas poderão auxiliar na formulação de políticas públicas que orientem o uso e a conservação dos recursos genéticos da espécie, e de ações que estimulem sua sobrevivência nas próximas décadas, preservando sua diversidade genética e garantindo o suprimento de madeira de qualidade no futuro.
Estimativas da radiação global com base na insolação na Amazônia brasileira
Authors: Martim Charles Campoe , Souza Adilson Pacheco de
Published: June 2022

O objetivo do trabalho foi calibrar e avaliar estatisticamente a equação simplificada de Angström-Prescott (AP) para estimativa da radiação global (Qg) com base na razão de insolação (n/N), em diferentes agrupamentos de dados, na Amazônia brasileira. O modelo AP, baseia-se nas relações entre a transmissividade atmosférica e a razão de insolação (Qg/Qo = a + b (n/N)), e possui dois coeficientes (linear e angular) que demandam calibrações regionais. Para tanto, foram usados dados de 20 estações meteorológicas (automáticas e convencionais) pertencentes a rede de estações do Instituto Nacional de Meteorologia (INMET), inseridas no bioma amazônico; as bases de dados foram separadas em agrupamentos total, anual e sazonal (seca, seca-chuva, chuva e chuva-seca), sendo considerados a proporção de 70 e 30% de dados para calibração e avaliação estatística do desempenho, respectivamente. Foram considerados os indicativos estatísticos erro relativo médio (MBE), quadrado da raiz do erro médio (RMSE) e índice de concordância de Willmott (d). Os coeficientes calibrados no agrupamento total (que considera todas as estações do bioma) geraram os piores desempenhos estatísticos na estimativa de Qg (com diferenças de até 36% entre os valores medidos e estimados), indicando a necessidade de avaliação por estação e não por bioma. Para cada estação, os coeficientes obtidos no agrupamento anual (total de dados da estação) apresentaram desempenhos estatísticos semelhantes aos coeficientes obtidos nos agrupamentos sazonais, independentemente da estação e da época do ano, sendo, portanto, recomendados pela simplicidade e facilidade de aplicação nas estimativas de Qg.
Models for determining the daily average air temperature: evaluation and proposal for Brazil
Authors: Ferreira Thomas Rocha , Silva Bernardo Barbosa da , Silva Leide Pricila da , Ferreira Jéssica Delgado , Serrão Edivaldo Afonso de Oliveira
Published: June 2022

A temperature do ar media diária – TMD (°C) é utilizada em diversas atividades envolvendo pesquisa e planejamento agrícola. O objetivo desta pesquisa foi avaliar a precisão e desempenho de diferentes expressões usadas no cômputo da temperatura do ar média diária (TMD), e a proposição de uma novo modelo para o Brasil. Foram consideradas vinte e uma estações distribuídas em diferentes regiões do país e seis modelos usados no cálculo da TMD: SERRA, AUSTRIA, KAEMTZ, SINOTICO, UFCG e MAXMIN. O desempenho de cada modelo foi analisado por meio do Erro Absoluto Médio (EAM), Raiz do Erro Quadrático Médio (REQM), Índice de Concordância de Wilmott (ICW) e Coeficiente de Correlação de Pearson (CCP). Os resultados indicam que o melhor desempenho/precisão foi obtido pelo modelo UFCG, segundo todas as métricas usadas, tendo apresentado o melhor desempenho em 59, 58, 59 e 43, segundo o EAM, REQM, WIA e CCP, dentre as 84 situações analisadas (21 EMAS x 4 estações do ano), respectivamente. Por outro lado, a pior precisão foi claramente verificada com o modelo MAXMIN, seguido do AUSTRIA e KAEMTZ. Conclui-se que para as condições brasileiras os métodos UFCG, SINOTICO e SERRA se apresentaram como os de melhor desempenho e precisão. No entanto, para a revisão de séries de dados pretéritos da TMD recomenda-se o UFCG pela maior precisão apresentada. Deve-se evitar, sempre que possível, a determinação da TMD com base nas temperaturas do ar máxima e mínima diárias, ainda muito em uso no Brasil e Estados Unidos, pela sua alta imprecisão.
Análise de riscos ambientais e ocupacionais em uma usina de fabricação de asfalto
Authors: Dobke Denise , Gadotti Gizele Ingrid , Franchini Danilo , Franz Luis Antonio dos Santos , Castro Andrea Souza , Bernardy Ruan
Published: June 2022

Os riscos inerentes ao processo produtivo do asfalto estão relacionados, entre outros aspectos, também às emissões atmosféricas de poluentes químicos, podendo afetar também a saúde dos trabalhadores que atuam em sua produção e uso. É nesse contexto que se desenvolve a presente pesquisa, na qual se realizou a avaliação de riscos ambientais e ocupacionais em uma usina de fabricação de asfalto, localizada no Município de Pelotas, Região Sul do Estado do Rio Grande do Sul, situada na região portuária desta cidade. Essa usina produz em média cerca de 450 ton. por mês de asfalto. Toda produção é aplicada diariamente nas manutenções das vias municipais da cidade, em projetos de pavimentação e requalificação de vias pavimentadas. Para tanto, foi realizada uma análise dos riscos no processo, tanto em termos ambientais quanto ocupacional. Utilizou-se algumas ferramentas típicas de gestão, como a Análise Preliminar de Riscos (APR) e aplicação do Diagrama de Ishikawa, Planos de Ação (5W1H), no âmbito das quatro principais etapas do fluxo produtivo da usina de fabricação de asfalto do estudo: agregados, operação da usina, manutenção da usina e descarga do asfalto. A APR trouxe em evidência direta os riscos e suas probabilidades. Já o Diagrama de Ishikawa auxiliou na identificação dos riscos nas etapas dos processos. Essas duas ferramentas utilizadas de forma integrada evidenciaram os principais problemas durante a execução das atividades que fazem parte do processo sob estudo. A necessidade de padronização na realização das atividades e de programas de treinamentos aos trabalhadores, tanto relacionados ao processo produtivo quanto a Saúde e Segurança no Trabalho (SST) para reconhecimento dos riscos que ficam expostos, sobressaíram na utilização das duas ferramentas de análise de riscos. O método de APR contribuiu fortemente no levantamento e avaliação de riscos. A técnica 5W1H, por sua vez, auxiliou na organização e planejamento das ações voltadas à mitigação dos riscos, por meio de melhorias no processo.
An investigation of the performance of the use of ethanol-butanol-diesel mixtures in a compression ignition industrial engine
Authors: Pereira Roberto Guimarães , Rangel Ithamar Ribeiro
Published: June 2022

Several ethanol-butanol-diesel mixtures were used in an industrial compression ignition engine (MWM 229/3).   The butanol is used like a co-solvent because the low solubility of ethanol in the diesel. The volume proportions of  butanol, ethanol and diesel for each fuel tested were, respectively: 3.0%, 3.9% and 93.1%; 2.8%, 5.8% and 91.4%; 1.3%, 7.9% and 90.8%; 2.8%, 7.8% and 89.4%; 3.7%, 8.8% and 87.5%; 5.4%, 9.6% and 85.0%; 7.7%, 12.9% and 79.4%; 8.4%, 12.8% and 78.8%. The results obtained in a dynamometric test bench for brake power, brake specific fuel consumption and brake thermal efficiency are presented. The mixture with 5.4 % of butanol, 9.6% of ethanol and 85% of diesel showed the higher medium value of brake thermal efficiency at full and 40% load in the range from 1200 to 2000rpm.  Physicochemical characterization of diesel and the mixture that has the higher medium value of the brake thermal efficient was done.
Qualidade ambiental de riacho no nordeste brasileiro e alternativas às paisagens de rios urbanos: revisão
Authors: Sá Brenda Tamires Conceição e , Moreira Priscilla Barbosa de Araújo , Meireles Ana Célia Maia , Brito Maria Gorethe de Sousa Lima
Published: June 2022

A presente pesquisa objetivou, através de revisão bibliográfica, levantar dados da qualidade ambiental do Riacho dos Macacos e as possíveis alternativas de recuperação de rios urbanos, seguindo duas etapas metodológicas: 1. Levantamento de dados de análise e monitoramento ambiental desse riacho no período de 2010 a 2020; e 2. Identificação das alternativas de revitalização de rios urbanos que estão sendo discutidas, no mesmo período, em diferentes bases de indexação, através de Revisão Integrativa Sistemática. Estudos sobre o riacho identificaram que, apesar de ser um dos principais pontos de recarga do aquífero que abastece o município de Juazeiro do Norte, Ceará, Brasil, o mesmo vem sendo contaminado por efluentes domésticos e industriais, bem como o acúmulo irregular de resíduos sólidos urbanos no entorno, ressaltando a necessidade urgente de aplicar medidas de controle tanto estruturais como não estruturais que visem a melhoria da qualidade da água e das condições ambientais, proporcionando o uso sustentável desse espaço. Logo, a partir dos relatos e experiências analisados, para que alcance uma qualidade socioambiental ideal, propõe-se três aspectos como fundamentais para serem considerados na construção de um plano de revitalização desse espaço: I. Infraestrutura sanitária da Microbacia; II. Característica socioambiental da população de interesse; e III. Estudo Hidrogeomorfológico do espaço.
Valoração econômica das emissões de GEE oriundas de incêndios na terra indígena Tadarimana, MT
Authors: Ramalho Agda Alves , Luiz Anderson , Silva Jennifer Nogueira Feitosa , Vasconcelos Monalisa Janaya Castelo da Silva , Macedo Luís Otávio Bau
Published: June 2022

O trabalho propõe valorar as emissões de Gases de Efeito Estufa oriundas das queimadas na Reserva Indígena Tadarimana em 2020. Como abordagem metodológica, trata-se de um estudo de caso, com caráter exploratório e descritivo, com natureza quantitativa, sendo os dados coletados com a utilização de técnicas de geoprocessamento que propiciaram quantificar as emissões e perda de cobertura arbórea. Os resultados permitiram identificar que a Terra Indígena Tadarimana foi diretamente afetada por essa intensa temporada de fogo nos meses de julho a setembro de 2020, com 69,92% de sua área de cobertura arbórea consumida pelos incêndios. O valor econômico estimado em termos de créditos de carbono foi de R$ 7.788.677,03 (sete milhões, setecentos e oitenta e oito mil, seiscentos e setenta e sete reais e três centavos) de perdas ambientais do bioma Cerrado.
NUEVAS TIPOLOGÍAS DE ALOJAMIENTOS TURÍSTICOS EN LAS CIUDADES PATRIMONIO MUNDIAL DE CASTILLA-LA MANCHA
Authors: Aparicio Guerrero Ana Eulalia , Serrano Gil Óscar
Published: June 2022

The aim of this article is to quantify, typify and locate tourist rental accommodation in the World Heritage Sites of Castilla-La Mancha. The methodology used has focused on the search of bibliography; the analysis and interpretation of data obtained from statistical and documentary sources; territorial analysis; fieldwork; and the use of the local press. The results obtained confirm the starting hypothesis that the offer of flats and dwellings for tourist use in the cities analysed has grown exponentially over the last decade.

El objetivo de este artículo es cuantificar, tipificar y localizar los alojamientos turísticos de alquiler en los recintos declarados Patrimonio Mundial de Castilla-La Mancha. La metodología utilizada se ha centrado en la consulta de bibliografía; el análisis e interpretación de los datos obtenidos de fuentes estadísticas y documentales; el análisis territorial; el trabajo de campo; y la utilización de la prensa local. Los resultados obtenidos permiten corroborar la hipótesis de partida, constatando que la oferta de los apartamentos y viviendas de uso turístico en las ciudades analizadas ha crecido de forma exponencial en la última década.
About the theorem that partially solves the Navarrete–Orellana Conjecture
Authors:   Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Federal University of São João del-Rei, Avila Jorge Andrés Julca , de Andrade Gabriel Silva ,   Professional Master Degree Program in Mathematics in National Network – PROFMAT,
Published: June 2022

The Navarrete–Orellana Conjecture states that “given a large prime number a sequence is generated, in such a way that all odd prime numbers, except the given prime, are fixed points of that sequence”. In this work, we formulated a theorem that partially confirms the veracity of this conjecture, more specifically, all prime numbers of a given line segment are fixed points of this sequence.
Paragraph-level attention based deep model for chapter segmentation
Authors: Virameteekul Paveen
Published: June 2022

Books are usually divided into chapters and sections. Correctly and automatically recognizing chapter boundaries can work as a proxy when segmenting long texts (a more general task). Book chapters can be easily segmented by humans, but automatic segregation is more challenging because the data is semi-structured. Since the concept of language is prone to ambiguity, it is essential to identify the relationship between the words in each paragraph and classify each consecutive paragraph based on their respective relationships with one another. Although researchers have designed deep learning-based models to solve this problem, these approaches have not considered the paragraph-level semantics among the consecutive paragraphs. In this article, we propose a novel deep learning-based method to segment book chapters that uses paragraph-level semantics and an attention mechanism. We first utilized a pre-trained XLNet model connected to a convolutional neural network (CNN) to extract the semantic meaning of each paragraph. Then, we measured the similarities in the semantics of each paragraph and designed an attention mechanism to inject the similarity information in order to better predict the chapter boundaries. The experimental results indicated that the performance of our proposed method can surpass those of other state-of-the-art (SOTA) methods for chapter segmentation on public datasets (the proposed model achieved an F1 score of 0.8856, outperforming the Bidirectional Encoder Representations from Transformers (BERT) model’s F1 score of 0.6640). The ablation study also illustrated that the paragraph-level attention mechanism could produce a significant increase in performance.
Evaluación de la conciencia fonológica en párvulos de nivel transición 2 y escolares de primer año básico, pertenecientes a escuelas de sectores vulnerables de la provincia de Concepción, Chile
Authors:   Universidad Católica de la Santísima Concepción (Chile), Bizama M Marcela , Arancibia G Beatriz ,   Universidad Católica de la Santísima Concepción (Chile), Sáez S Katia ,   Universidad de Concepción (Chile)
Published: June 2022

Este artículo presenta los resultados de un estudio sobre la conciencia fonológica realizado en preescolares de nivel transición 2 y escolares de primer año básico de dos escuelas municipales de sectores vulnerables. El trabajo forma parte de una investigación mayor, cuyo objetivo fue el diseño y validación de un programa de intervención destinado al desarrollo de la conciencia fonológica como habilidad metalingüística subyacente al aprendizaje de la lectura. La muestra consideró 85 sujetos: 43 preescolares y 42 escolares de primer año básico. Se evaluó el desarrollo de la conciencia fonológica a través de la Prueba de Segmentación Lingüística de Orellana y Ramaciotti (2007), estandarizada para la población chilena. Se establecieron relaciones con las variables edad, sexo, memoria de trabajo verbal y discriminación auditiva. Los resultados muestran rendimientos bajo el promedio esperado para la edad en segmentación lingüística y memoria verbal en ambos grupos etarios. A su vez, el análisis intragrupo del desempeño en conciencia fonológica muestra diferencias asociadas a la complejidad de las tareas. Existe correlación positiva entre memoria verbal y segmentación silábica en los niños de nivel transición 2 y entre memoria verbal, discriminación auditiva y las distintas tareas de segmentación lingüística evaluadas, en los escolares de primer año básico.
Virtus Romana bajo la dinastía Julio-Claudia: la visión de Tácito en sus Annales
Authors:   Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Balmaceda Catalina
Published: June 2022

Este trabajo intenta dar cuenta de cómo y por qué el cambio político que significó el paso de la República romana al Principado trajo un cambio también en las categorías morales con las que se redefiniría la virtus romana en el futuro. Se intentará demostrar que Tácito, tradicionalmente considerado como un autor que se ha concentrado en los vicios de los actores del nuevo régimen político, nos provee a través de la narración histórica de sus Annales también de los exempla virtutis (ejemplos de virtud) para el nuevo modelo de ciudadano romano bajo los emperadores de la dinastía Julio-Claudia.
Knowledge, Attitude and Practices in Treating Children with Special Healthcare Needs among Dental Practitioners in Mumbai Metropolitan Region: A Questionnaire-based Survey
Authors: Patil Harshali , Winnier J Jasmin , Haradwala Zaineb MF
Published: June 2022

Introduction: Dentistry for children with Special Healthcare Needs (SHCN) is challenging and it is essential to understand the barriers faced by dentists in managing such patients. Aim: The aim of this survey was to assess the knowledge, attitude and practice of dental practitioners in Mumbai Metropolitan Region (MMR) in treating children with Special Healthcare Needs (CSHCN). Materials and Methods: An observational, cross-sectional Questionnaire-based study was conducted in Mumbai Metropolitan Region (MMR) from January 2021 to August 2021. A 19-item questionnaire was sent to 1624 dentists through email and/ or whatsapp. The age, gender, years of clinical practice, the type of special children encountered, the behaviour management modalities and treatment done for these children were recorded. Data collected was entered into the software International Business Management (IBM) Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) statistics version 20.0 and analysed. Microsoft word and excel (year 2019) were used to generate tables. Results: Of the 1624 surveys sent, 650 responses were received making it to 40% response rate. Majority of respondents 67% (n=433) were general dental practitioners and 64% (n=416) had their own private practice. Only 39% (n=251) dentists had treated CSHCN in their practice. The most commonly encountered disability was mental retardation and cerebral palsy 23% (n=151). Amongst the clinicians referring the case, most of them, 148 (59%) preferred to refer to paediatric dentists. Regarding the method of management, 78% (n=197) of respondents were confident in treating special children with non pharmacological behaviour management methods and 58% (n=146) were confident with pharmacological methods. The frequently performed treatment procedures were restorative and preventive methods. A total 61% (n=399) of respondents had not encountered CSHCN. Among them, 65% (n=261) felt they had inadequate training in their curriculum, 59% (n=157) wished to treat such patients in future and 56% (n=223) were interested in continuing dental education programmes on the same. Conclusion: Majority of the dentists had treated children with mental retardation, cerebral palsy and physical disabilities than emotional disabilities. Non pharmacological behaviour management methods were preferred, and preventive and restorative procedures were frequently preformed. Most of the dentists in the present study reported themselves to lack knowledge in treating children with SHCN.
Design and Development of a Two-row Power Operated Maize Dibbler
Authors: Padmanathan P. K. , Meena Govind , Nithya S. , Shonali R. , Ajith S. , Kailashkumar B.
Published: June 2022

Seed sowing is an essential and time-bound process agriculture. The basic objective of the sowing operation is to put the seed in rows at the desired depth and maintain seed to seed spacing, covering the seeds with soil and providing proper compaction over the seed. Early or postponed sowing adversely disturbs the crop yield. Therefore, the sowing of seeds in the optimum level is important to ensure more outcomes and high quality of crops. At present, the maize planting is done manually by broadcasting, dibbling, putting seed behind the plough, and other methods or with the help of animal or tractor-drawn seed drills/planters. Though, these techniques have many problems, such as worse efficiency and reduced quality seed placement. Currently among different sowing methods, dibbler planter delivers more uniform and adaptable seed spacing than other approaches for sowing hybrid seeds. But available dibbler planter has some shortcomings of lower field capacity. By considering the apparent advantage of the dibbler planter mechanism, the power-operated dibbler planter for pulse crop was modified and improved to minimize the problems of the existing dibbler planter. Henceforth, the two-row power-operated dibbler was designed and developed to promote mechanization of maize planting operation among small and marginal farmers.
ArabidopsisRAN GTPases are critical for mitosis during male and female gametogenesis
Authors: Qin Zheng , Wu Ya‐Nan , Sun Tian‐Tian , Ma Ting , Xu Meng , Pang Chen , Li Shan‐Wei , Li Sha
Published: June 2022

The development of male and female gametophytes is a prerequisite for successful propagation of angiosperms. The small GTPases RAN play fundamental roles in numerous cellular processes. Although RAN GTPases have been characterized in plants, their roles in cellular processes are far from understood. We report here that RAN GTPases in Arabidopsis are critical for gametophytic development. RAN1 loss‐of‐function showed no defects in gametophytic development likely due to redundancy. However, the expression of a dominant negative or constitutively active RAN1 resulted in gametophytic lethality. Genetic interference of RAN GTPases caused the arrest of pollen mitosis I and of mitosis of functional megaspores, implying a key role of properly regulated RAN activity in mitosis during gametophytic development.
SIRT6 promotes mitochondrial fission and subsequent cellular invasion in ovarian cancer
Authors: Bandopadhyay Shreya , Prasad Parash , Ray Upasana , Das Ghosh Damayanti , Roy Sib Sankar
Published: June 2022

Ovarian cancer ranks fifth in terms of cancer mortality in women due to lack of early diagnosis and poor clinical management. Characteristics like high cellular proliferation, EMT and metabolic alterations contribute to oncogenicity. Cancer, being a “metabolic disorder,” is governed by various key regulatory factors like metabolic enzymes, oncogenes, and tumor suppressors. Sirtuins (SIRT1‐SIRT7) belong to the group of NAD+ deacetylase and ADP‐ribosylation enzymes that function as NAD+ sensors and metabolic regulators. Among sirtuin orthologs, SIRT6 emerges as an important oncogenic player, although its possible mechanistic involvement in ovarian cancer advancement is still elusive. Our data indicated a higher expression of SIRT6 in ovarian cancer tissues compared with the non‐malignant ovarian tissue. Further, we observed that overexpression of SIRT6 enhances glycolysis and oxidative phosphorylation in ovarian cancer cells. The energy derived from these processes facilitates migration and invasion through invadopodia formation by reorganization of actin fibers. Mechanistically, SIRT6 has been shown to promote ERK1/2‐driven activatory phosphorylation of DRP1 at serine‐616, which has an obligatory role in inducing mitochondrial fission. These fragmented mitochondria facilitate cell movement important for metastases. siRNA‐mediated downregulation of SIRT6 was found to decrease cellular invasion through compromised mitochondrial fragmentation and subsequent reduction in stress fiber formation in ovarian cancer cells. Thus, the present report establishes the impact of SIRT6 in the regulation of morphological and functional aspects of mitochondria that modulates invasion in ovarian cancer cells.
Islamic Movements
Authors: Bayat Asef
Published: June 2022

Broadly “Islamic movements” refer to the diverse religious trends in the Muslim world that want to reorganize society with reference to Islam. The complex and multifaceted nature of the phenomenon has stirred multiple designations, including “Islamic radicalism,” “fundamentalism,” “revivalism” or “resurgence,” “Islamic activism,” and “political Islam,” each stressing particular aspects of these movements. Thus, “fundamentalism” highlights the scripturist essentialism, pointing to the traditionalism of the movements, or a belief in the exclusive possession of a unique truth. “Revivalism” and “resurgence” underline the religious at the expense of the political content of these movements, and “Islamic activism” is intended to account for the inclusion of various types of activities – political, social, and cultural – that emerge under the rubric of Islamic movement.
Vinylidene Complexes
Authors: Iwamoto Takahiro , Ishii Youichi
Published: June 2022

The parent vinylidene CCH
2
and its substituted analogs CCRR′ are highly unstable isomers of the corresponding alkyne, HCCH and RCCR′, respectively. However, vinylidene complexes, which can be denoted as MCCRR′ in the mononuclear case, are often more stable than η
2
‐alkyne complexes, and in fact, the most common preparation method for vinylidene complexes is the direct reaction of alkynes (terminal alkynes in most cases) with coordinatively unsaturated metal complexes, although the relative stability of vinylidene and η
2
‐alkyne complexes depends on the nature of the metal center. The vinylidene ligand may be viewed as an α,β‐unsaturated type of carbene, and the MCCRR′ backbone may also be regarded as a metallaallene. The vinylidene ligand often exhibits a π‐acidic nature, and its character somewhat resembles Fischer‐type carbenes. As a result, vinylidene complexes are widely seen with middle to late transition metals, most typically groups 6, 7, 8, and 9 metals in relatively low oxidation state (typically 0 to III). Owing to its versatile reactivities, vinylidene complexes work as intermediates in many catalytic and stoichiometric conversions of alkynes. Surface vinylidene species are also considered to take part in heterogeneous catalysis such as Fischer–Tropsch reaction, and multinuclear vinylidene complexes are expected to serve as molecular models for such surface species. This article summarizes bonding and structure, physicochemical properties, synthesis, and reactivities including catalytic applications of vinylidene complexes.
Applications of Germylenes in Catalysis
Authors: Gour Kritika , Sen Sakya S.
Published: June 2022

With the development of the synthesis of compounds with heavier group 14 elements, their applications in catalysis was the next logical target. The past few years have witnessed tremendous headway in the field of catalysis by compounds with heavier group 14 elements, which can be seen from the exponential number of recent publications in high‐impact journals. In this article, recent developments in the utilization of well‐defined germylenes in catalysis will be presented, which has been the starting point for rich and exciting chemistry, with the prospect of numerous remarkable contributions from synthetic, theoretical, and materials chemistry. Emphasis has been given in elucidating the mechanism of the germylene‐catalyzed reactions.
Biallelic loss of EMC10 leads to mild to severe intellectual disability
Authors: Kaiyrzhanov Rauan , Rocca Clarissa , Suri Mohnish , Gulieva Sughra , Zaki Maha S. , Henig Noa Z. , Siquier Karine , Guliyeva Ulviyya , Mounir Samir M. , Marom Daphna , Allahverdiyeva Aynur , Megahed Hisham , van Bokhoven Hans , Cantagrel Vincent , Rad Aboulfazl , Pourkeramti Alemeh , Dehghani Boshra , Shao Diane D. , Markus‐Bustani Keren , Sofrin‐Drucker Efrat , Orenstein Naama , Salayev Kamran , Arrigoni Filippo , Houlden Henry , Maroofian Reza
Published: June 2022

The endoplasmic reticulum membrane protein complex subunit 10 (EMC10) is a highly conserved protein responsible for the post‐translational insertion of tail‐anchored membrane proteins into the endoplasmic reticulum in a defined topology. Two biallelic variants in EMC10 have previously been associated with a neurodevelopmental disorder. Utilizing exome sequencing and international data sharing we have identified 10 affected individuals from six independent families with five new biallelic loss‐of‐function and one previously reported recurrent EMC10 variants. This report expands the molecular and clinical spectrum of EMC10 deficiency, provides a comprehensive dysmorphological assessment and highlights an overlap between the clinical features of EMC10‐and EMC1‐related disease.
Dissecting the limited genetic overlap of Parkinson's and Alzheimer's disease
Authors: Stolp Andersen Maren , Tan Manuela , Holtman Inge R. , Hardy John ,   International Parkinson's Disease Genomics Consortium, Pihlstrøm Lasse
Published: June 2022

Parkinson's disease and Alzheimer's disease show overlapping features both clinically and neuropathologically and elucidating shared mechanisms could have important implications for therapeutic strategies. Evidence for genetic overlap is limited, although enrichment of heritability in genomic regions relevant to microglia has been demonstrated in both disorders. Using summary statistics from genome‐wide association studies, we assessed genetic covariance stratified by cell types and local genetic correlation between Parkinson's and Alzheimer's disease. Significant covariance was observed for neurons only (p = 0.00046), and local genetic correlation was significant only in the human leukocyte antigen region (p = 1.0e‐05). Our findings support a minor genetic overlap between these two disorders.
Medical research center opens at Caron
Authors: Knopf Alison
Published: June 2022

With a focus on genetic markers associated with increased risk for addiction and relapse, as well as how to repurpose existing medications to treat other diseases, a new research center opened at Caron Treatment Centers in Wernersville, Pennsylvania last week.
Recent Progress in Smart Polymeric Gel‐Based Information Storage for Anti‐Counterfeiting
Authors: Sun Yu , Le Xiaoxia , Zhou Shiyu , Chen Tao
Published: June 2022

Information security protection has a tremendous impact on human life, social stability and national security, leading to the rapid development of anti‐counterfeiting materials and related techniques. However, the traditional stored information on hard or dry media is often static and lacks functions, which makes it challenging to deal with increasing and powerful counterfeiting technologies. Modified intelligent polymeric gels exhibit color changes and shape morphing under external stimuli, which give them great potential for applications in information storage. This paper provides an overview of the latest progress in polymeric gel‐based information storage materials in relation to counterfeiting. Following a brief introduction of anti‐counterfeiting materials, the preparation methods for intelligent gels with adjustable colors (e.g., chemical colors and physical colors) and various encryption/decryption modes involving dimensions and diverse colors are outlined. Finally, the challenges and prospects for information storage and anti‐counterfeiting based on smart gels are discussed.
Synergistic Cr2O3@Ag Heterostructure Enhanced Electrocatalytic CO2 Reduction to CO
Authors: Fu Huai Qin , Liu Junxian , Bedford Nicholas M. , Wang Yun , Sun Ji Wei , Zou Yu , Dong Mengyang , Wright Joshua , Diao Hui , Liu Porun , Yang Hua Gui , Zhao Huijun
Published: June 2022

The electrocatalytic CO2RR to produce value‐added chemicals and fuels has been recognized as a promising means to reduce the reliance on fossil resources; it is, however, hindered due to the lack of high‐performance electrocatalysts. The effectiveness of sculpturing metal/metal oxides (MMO) heterostructures to enhance electrocatalytic performance toward CO2RR has been well documented, nonetheless, the precise synergistic mechanism of MMO remains elusive. Herein, an in operando electrochemically synthesized Cr2O3–Ag heterostructure electrocatalyst (Cr2O3@Ag) is reported for efficient electrocatalytic reduction of CO2 to CO. The obtained Cr2O3@Ag can readily achieve a superb FECO of 99.6% at −0.8 V (vs RHE) with a high JCO of 19.0 mA cm−2. These studies also confirm that the operando synthesized Cr2O3@Ag possesses high operational stability. Notably, operando Raman spectroscopy studies reveal that the markedly enhanced performance is attributable to the synergistic Cr2O3–Ag heterostructure induced stabilization of CO2•−/*COOH intermediates. DFT calculations unveil that the metallic‐Ag‐catalyzed CO2 reduction to CO requires a 1.45 eV energy input to proceed, which is 0.93 eV higher than that of the MMO‐structured Cr2O3@Ag. The exemplified approaches in this work would be adoptable for design and development of high‐performance electrocatalysts for other important reactions.
Composition‐Dependent Enzyme Mimicking Activity and Radiosensitizing Effect of Bimetallic Clusters to Modulate Tumor Hypoxia for Enhanced Cancer Therapy
Authors: Hua Yue , Huang Jia‐Hong , Shao Zi‐Hui , Luo Xi‐Ming , Wang Zhao‐Yang , Liu Jun‐Qi , Zhao Xueli , Chen Xiaoyuan , Zang Shuang‐Quan
Published: June 2022

Alloying is an efficient chemistry to tailor the properties of metal clusters. As a class of promising radiosensitizers, most previously reported metal clusters exhibit unitary function and cannot overcome radioresistance of hypoxic tumors. Here, atomically precise alloy clusters Pt2M4 (M = Au, Ag, Cu) are synthesized with bright luminescence and adequate biocompatibility, and their composition‐dependent enzyme mimicking activity and radiosensitizing effect is explored. Specifically, only the Pt2Au4 cluster displays catalase‐like activity, while the others do not have clusterzyme properties, and its radiosensitizing effect is the highest among all the alloy clusters tested. By taking advantage of the sustainable production of O2 via the decomposition of endogenous H2O2, the Pt2Au4 cluster modulates tumor hypoxia as well as increases the efficacy of radiotherapy. This work thus advances the cluster alloying strategy to produce multifunctional therapeutic agents for improving hypoxic tumor therapy.
Exogenous 6‐benzyladenine treatment alleviates cold stress in early japonica rice at booting in Northeast China
Authors: Wang Shiqiang , Yang Shanwei , He Dengmei , Yi Yuzhuo , Fu Yongming , Yin Dawei , Zhao Haihong , Xiao Changliang
Published: June 2022

Rice (Oryza sativa L.) plants are most sensitive to chilling injury at booting, where cold affects a substantial decline in the seed‐setting rate (SSR). 6‐Benzyladenine (6‐BA) alleviates cold stress in seedlings; however, little is known about the effects of 6‐BA on alleviating cold stress at booting. Plants of early japonica rice cultivars Kenjiandao6 (K6) and Kongyu131 (K131) were sprayed with 6‐BA at concentrations of 0, 0.2, 2, 20, 200, and 500 mg L−1 at booting and were then subjected to cold water stress (16 °C) for 5 d. The optimal 6‐BA concentration was found to be 20 mg L−1. 6‐Benzyladenine treatment improved the peroxidase (POD) activity in two cultivars and superoxide dismutase activity in K6, delayed chlorophyll degradation, maintained the K, P, and N contents in the two cultivars and the soluble protein content in K6, and suppressed the accumulation of malondialdehyde (MDA) under cold stress. 6‐Benzyladenine increased the N and P contents and POD activity to greater degree in K6 than in K131. 6‐Benzyladenine increased yield in K131, mainly by improving the SSR in the distal and middle parts of the panicle, and the number of filled grains (NFG) from the middle and basal parts of the panicle. However, 6‐BA increased yield in K6 mainly by improving the SSR and the NFG per panicle. Exogenous 6‐BA is effective for maintaining rice physiology and yield under cold stress at booting. The less cold‐tolerant cultivar K6 was more sensitive to the effects of 6‐BA and displayed better results than did the more cold‐tolerant cultivar K131.
Corn grain yield forecasting by satellite remote sensing and machine‐learning models
Authors: Pinto Antonio Alves , Zerbato Cristiano , Rolim Glauco de Souza , Barbosa Júnior Marcelo Rodrigues , Silva Luis Fernando Vieira da , Oliveira Romário Porto de
Published: June 2022

This study aimed to evaluate the performance of six machine‐learning models in forecasting corn (Zea mays L.) grain yield before harvest using, as input, variables in the models, some of the most‐used vegetation indices (VIs) and spectral bands in the literature, as well as using data at 770 and 980 sum of degree days (SDD). The field study was carried out in a commercial area in the 2017–2018 and 2018–2019 harvests. Spectral data were obtained from Sentinel‐2 satellite images and were used as input variables in the proposed models: artificial neural networks (ANN), k‐nearest neighbors (KNN), random forest (RF), and support vector machine (SVM). The maximum R2 and minimum values of mean absolute error (MAE) and RMSE were 0.89, 0.33, and 0.42 t ha−1, respectively, for the RF algorithm using all input variables. The results obtained in the present study show that it is possible to predict corn grain yield 80 d before harvest using only VIs for the crop. Testing the various combinations of spectral bands and VIs resulted in obtaining the GREEN band and the VI global environment monitoring index (GEMI) as the best predictor variables in the present study. The use of more than one SDD did not improve the performance of the models tested. The models developed using data at 980 SDD obtained the best precision and accuracy performance both in the scenario with all model input variables and with the two best predictors. The KNN algorithm obtained the best performance in the precision and accuracy metrics for most of the scenarios studied in the present work.
Chinese expert consensus on the diagnosis and treatment of chronic heart failure in elderly patients (2021)
Authors: Wang Xiaoming , Zhang Cuntai ,   Cardiovascular Group, Geriatrics Branch, Chinese Medical Association,   Editing Group of the Chinese Expert Consensus on the Diagnosis and Treatment of Chronic Heart Failure in Elderly Patients
Published: June 2022

Heart failure is a clinical syndrome caused by ventricular insufficiency, which results in decreased activity tolerance and repeated hospitalization, seriously affecting quality of life, and it is the main cause of death in elderly people. In recent years, great progress has been made in the treatment of heart failure, but the prevalence, mortality, and readmission rate among elderly patients with heart failure remain high. Because elderly patients have multiple cardiovascular disease risk factors, coexistence of multiple diseases accompanied by multiple syndromes, multiple medications, and natural decline of body functions, the clinical diagnosis, treatment, rehabilitation, and long‐term management of these patients differ from those in other populations. To facilitate clinical practice and application of clinical geriatric medicine, especially among community physicians, experts from the Cardiovascular Group, Geriatrics Branch of the Chinese Medical Association have drafted this consensus to summarize the diagnosis and treatment regimens for elderly patients with chronic heart failure and provide guidance for its clinical diagnosis and treatment in China.
Pain and fatigue in adults with Loeys–Dietz syndrome and vascular Ehlers–Danlos syndrome, a questionnaire‐based study
Authors: Heidi Johansen , Gry Velvin , Lidal Ingeborg B.
Published: June 2022

The purpose was to study self‐reported chronic pain and fatigue symptoms among adults with molecularly verified Loeys–Dietz and vascular Ehlers–Danlos syndrome using a cross‐sectional questionnaire design. Seventy adults were invited through a National Resource Centre for Rare Disorders. A study specific questionnaire including Brief Pain Inventory, Standardized Nordic Questionnaire, Fatigue Severity Scale, Hospital Anxiety & Depression Scale, questions on physical activity, and disease burden was used. Fifty‐two persons participated, n = 34 with Loeys–Dietz and n = 18 with vascular Ehlers–Danlos syndrome, aged 18–68 years, 58% women. Chronic pain (79%) and fatigue (58%) symptoms were common. Half developed pain during childhood/adolescence. Sleep problems and high multi‐organ burden were significantly associated with chronic pain (p = 0.004, p = 0.014) and high fatigue (p < 0.001, p < 0.001). Chronic pain was associated with higher scores of fatigue (p = 0.002). Higher scores of fatigue were associated with lower level of physical activity (p = 0.014), higher cardiovascular burden (p = 0.025), and higher symptoms of anxiety (p = 0.001). In this study, symptoms of chronic pain, fatigue, sleep problems, and disease burden seemed to mutually reinforce each other. Initiatives should consider interventions aimed at postponing the onset and reducing symptoms of pain, fatigue, and sleep problems and thus reduce the total disease burden at an early stage in patients with these complex conditions.
Hydrogen Isotope Separation Using a Metal–Organic Cage Built from Macrocycles
Authors: He Donglin , Zhang Linda , Liu Tao , Clowes Rob , Little Marc A. , Liu Ming , Hirscher Michael , Cooper Andrew I.
Published: June 2022

Porous materials that contain ultrafine pore apertures can separate hydrogen isotopes via kinetic quantum sieving (KQS). However, it is challenging to design materials with suitably narrow pores for KQS that also show good adsorption capacities and operate at practical temperatures. Here, we investigate a metal–organic cage (MOC) assembled from organic macrocycles and ZnII ions that exhibits narrow windows (<3.0 Å). Two polymorphs, referred to as 2α and 2β, were observed. Both polymorphs exhibit D2/H2 selectivity in the temperature range 30–100 K. At higher temperature (77 K), the D2 adsorption capacity of 2β increases to about 2.7 times that of 2α, along with a reasonable D2/H2 selectivity. Gas sorption analysis and thermal desorption spectroscopy suggest a gate‐opening effect of the MOCs pore aperture. This promotes KQS at temperatures above liquid nitrogen temperature, indicating that MOCs hold promise for hydrogen isotope separation in real industrial environments.