bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
To See or Not to See: Importance of Sensemaking in Employee Self-direction
Authors: Bäcklander Gisela
Published: June 2019

Being self-directed is one of the most sought-after employee attributes. The present study examines managers’ approaches to and conceptualization of employee self-directedness through semi-structured interviews with 13 managers from five companies in the Stockholm area. Analysis suggests two different emphases in trying to increase self-direction, with differing underlying assumptions: an evaluation emphasis where self-direction is conceptualized as an inherent property of the individual, and a cultivation emphasis suggesting a more interactionist perspective of self- direction as an emergent behavior based on the interaction of individual and situational characteristics. Further, a ‘seeing work’-skill emerged in all interviews, implicating situational judgment and attention as core to what is ultimately seen as successful self-direction. Managers with a cultivation emphasis mentioned as viable tactics those focused on supporting sensemaking and thus enriching the working situation to enable better discretionary situational judgments
Welfare-to-work Policies Meeting Complex Realities of Unemployed Citizens: Examining Assumptions in Welfare
Authors: Boulus-Rødje Nina
Published: June 2019

This paper draws on a longitudinal ethnographic study conducted at one of the largest municipal jobcenters in Denmark. It investigates what happens when welfare-to-work policies meet the complex lived realities of unemployed citizens. I examine the nature of welfare policies, and show how these inscribe neoliberal economic discourse, which are not easily applicable to the lived reality of unemployed citizens. Findings from this study illustrate that there are incongruences between the nature of policies and the policies-in-use. I argue that these incongruences are a result of myriad of assumptions that are inscribed in the welfare apparatus, constituting tools, people, policies, and practices. I, therefore, unpack assumptions about caseworkers as well as benefit recipients, appointments they must attend, and activation programs assigned to them. This way, the paper aims at initiating a discussion about finding ways to develop policies that are better applicable to the citizen’s lived realities
Understanding the Role of Sodium Lauryl Sulfate on the Biorelevant Solubility of a Combination of Poorly Water-Soluble Drugs Using High Throughput Experimentation and Mechanistic Absorption Modeling
Authors: Bahr Matthew Nathan , Modi Dimple , Patel Sarsvatkumar , Campbell Gossett , Stockdale Gregory
Published: June 2019

This study investigates the influence of surfactant sodium lauryl sulfate (SLS) on the solubility of poorly-water soluble drug substances, model Compound X and Compound Y, used in a fixed dose combination oral solid dosage form. To determine the impact of SLS concentration on the solubility of compounds X and Y, we experimentally determined the critical micelle concentration (CMC) of SLS in water, simulated gastric fluid (SGF), and fed state simulated intestinal fluid (FeSSIF) in the presence of Compound X and Compound Y using UV/Visible spectrophotometry at 25°C. The aggregation of SLS was characterized by calculating the standard Gibbs free energy of micellization in all the media investigated.  To enhance the understanding of SLS aggregation, high throughput experiments and in-vivo mechanistic modelling were used to determine the effect of increasing levels of SLS on the solubility of compounds X and Y as both single agent and combination products to be formulated into a suitable oral solid dosage form. Micellar formation of SLS is a spontaneous process as shown by the negative values of the standard free energy of micellization. The CMC of SLS in the various media investigated in the presence of compounds X and Y decreases in the following order: water> FeSSIF> SGF. However, the aggregation of SLS in the various media is overall more spontaneous in the following order: SGF>FeSSIF>water. Using high throughput experimentation and in-vivo mechanistic modelling, it was determined that a combination oral solid product of compounds X and Y will have optimum solubility and in-vivo absorption if 2 mg of SLS was used in the oral solid dosage form.  The results obtained from this study will help broaden the understanding of the micellization process involving SLS and poorly-water soluble drugs used in combination oral solid dosage forms.
Configuração urbana indutora de dinamismo e deterioração urbana
Authors: Pinheiro Julyana S. , Bezerra Maria C. L. , Martins Gisele C.
Published: June 2019

As políticas urbanas veem, em diferentes contextos, priorizando projetos de intervenção urbana em áreas de reconhecida condição de deterioração. Entretanto, ações realizadas após o processo já instalado requerem volumosos investimentos públicos e trazem risco de gentrificação. Diante dessa problemática, a pesquisa visou identificar aspectos relativos à configuração urbana que demonstrem potencial de instalação de processos deterioração urbana, antevendo os elementos que devem sofrer intervenções de modo a promovê-los em bases sustentáveis. Como método foi construído um quadro analítico, fundado em ampla base bibliográfica, relacionando elementos configuracionais às condições de dinamismo e deterioração urbana para posterior validação em estudo empírico. Como resultado se obteve um conjunto de aspectos que pode tanto sinalizar que uma área está em processo de deterioração, quanto identificar o que os projetos de intervenção devem priorizar para dotá-la de dinamismo. Contribui para balizar decisões projetuais para uma atuação mais assertiva em relação à promoção do dinamismo urbano.
Saberes maternos en el cuidado del niño: Un estudio desde las representaciones sociales
Authors: Chulle Llenque Cecilia Maura , Santos Falcón Gladys Carmela
Published: June 2019

Objetivo: Describir y comprender las representaciones sociales maternas respecto a los saberes para el cuidado del niño menor de 2 años. Material y método: Estudio cualitativo, descriptivo con enfoque de la Teoría de las Representaciones sociales de Moscovici. Se realizaron entrevistas semi-estructuradas a 9 madres mayores de 18 años, vinculadas a la asistencia al Consultorio de Control de crecimiento y desarrollo en un Centro de salud de Lima Sur, determinándose la muestra por el nivel de saturación. Los discursos se analizaron según el Contenido de Bardin, modalidad Análisis Temático. Resultados: Los saberes maternos se agrupan en dos subcategorías “saberes culturales”: describe al origen de los conocimientos culturales para cuidar a sus niños y el uso de plantas medicinales, amuletos y rezos para la sanación de la gripe, tos, diarrea, cólicos y mal de ojo. La segunda es “saberes científicos”, describe el origen de estos conocimientos, la importancia que le dan al Control de Crecimiento y Desarrollo del niño, aprenden la estimulación temprana de tutoriales de internet y señalan que, en caso de enfermedad, recurren a los servicios de salud solo si la medicina tradicional no es efectiva. Conclusiones: Los saberes maternos anclados se estructuran en culturales, provenientes del contexto sociocultural, utilizando la medicina tradicional y rituales míticos religiosos para sanar la enfermedad, y los saberes científicos, aprendidos de los profesionales de la salud, en el cual dan importancia al Control de Crecimiento y desarrollo del niño. Recurren a la medicina convencional, cuando la tradicional no es efectiva.
Comentario sobre la música y el desarrollo integral del niño
Authors: Vaiz Bonifaz Rosa , Bolaños Sotomayor Nidia
Published: June 2019

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Effect of in ovo Injection of L-Arginine in Different Chicken Embryonic Development Stages on Post-Hatchability, Immune Response and Muscle Development Proteins
Authors: Subramaniyan Sivakumar , Kang Da Rae , Park Jin Ryong , siddiqui Sharif Hasan , Ravichandiran Palanisamy , Na Chong Sam , Shim Kwan
Published: June 2019

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of in ovo injection of L-arginine (L-Arg) into Ross broiler eggs at different embryonic developmental stages on their survival, hatchability, and body weight (BW). Additionally, we have analyzed the levels of serum glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase (SGOT) and serum glutamic-pyruvic transaminase (SGPT), protein expression of heat shock proteins (HSPs), also we have the determined micronuclei (MN) and nuclear abnormality (NA). Results showed that survival and hatching rates as well as body weight were increased on the 14th day incubation compared to 8th and 18th day incubation at lower concentration of L-Arg. Moreover, the levels of SGOT and SGPT were also significantly (P < 0.05) increased at 14th day incubation at the same concentration (100μg/μl/egg) of injection. In addition, IgM levels were increased on the 14th day incubation compared to other days. The protein expressions of HSP-47, HSP-60, and HSP-70 in the liver were significantly down-regulated whereas the expression of myogenin and MyoD were significantly up-regulated on the 14th day after incubation in treated with all different doses such as 100μg, 1000μg and 2500μg/μl/egg namely 3T1, 3T2 and 3T3 respectively. However, the treatment with low dose of L-Arg down-regulated expression levels of those proteins on the 14th day incubation. Histopathology of liver by hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) straining showed that the majority of liver damage, specifically intracytoplasmic vacuoles, were observed in 3T1, 3T2, and 3T3. The minimum dose of 100 μg/ml/egg on the 14th day of incubation significantly prevented intracytoplasmic vacuole damages. These results demonstrate that in ovo administration of L-Arg at (100μg/μl/egg) may be an effective method to increase chick BW, hatch rate, increasing muscle growth related proteins and promote the immune response through increasing IgM on the 14th day of incubation period.
Waste to Carbon: Preliminary Research on Mushroom Spent Compost Torrefaction
Authors: Syguła Ewa , A. Koziel Jacek , Białowiec Andrzej
Published: June 2019

Mushroom production in Poland is an important and dynamically developing element of diverse agriculture. Mushroom spent compost (MSC) is major waste generated during production, i.e., MSC: mushrooms is ~5:1. To date, the main use of MSC is soil application as organic fertilizer. To date, several methods of MSC treatment have been researched and developed including production of compost, bioethanol, biogas, enzyme lactase, xylo-saccharides, and hydrogen. Torrefaction may be considered a novel approach for biomass valorization. Thus, we are pioneering the potential use of MSC valorization via torrefaction. We explored valorizing the waste biomass of MSC via thermal treatment – torrefaction (‘roasting’) to produce biochar with improved fuel properties. Here for the first time, we examined and summarized the MSC torrefaction thermogravimetric analyses, fuel properties data of raw biomass of MSC and biochars generated from MSC via torrefaction. The effects of torrefaction temperature (200~300 °C), process time (20~60 min), on fuel properties of the resulting biochars were summarized. The dataset contains results of thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) as well as proximate analyses of MSC and generated biochars. The presented data are useful in determining MSC torrefaction reaction kinetics, activation energy and to further techno-economical modeling of the feasibility of MSC valorization via torrefaction. MSC torrefaction could be exploited as part of valorization resulting from a synergy between an intensive mushroom production with the efficient production of high-quality renewable fuel.
EFEKTIVITAS DAN EFEK SAMPING PENGGUNAAN GABAPENTIN PADA PASIEN NEUROPATI DIABETIK DI RSUP DR. WAHIDIN SUDIROHUSODO MAKASSAR
Authors: Zhulhajsyirah Zhulhajsyirah , Wahyudin Elly , Tammas Jumriani
Published: June 2019

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui dan menganalisis efektivitas  penggunaan gabapentin  terhadap penurunan derajat nyeri pada  pasien neuropati diabetik di  RSUP Wahidin Sudirohusodo Makassar  yang diukur dengan menggunakan instrumen  Numerical Pain Rating Scale (NPRS) efek samping  penggunaan  gabapentin   pada  pasien neuropati diabetik di  RSUP DR. Wahidin Sudirohusodo Makassar. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan di Poliklinik Saraf dan Poliklinik Endokrin Instalasi Rawat Jalan RSUP DR. Wahidin Sudirohusodo Makassar pada bulan april-juni 2018. Jenis penelitian ini adalah penelitian observasional non eksperimental dengan  desain penelitian  cros sectional. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah dengan melakukan wawancara dan pengukuran skala nyeri pada pasien neuropati diabetik. Data dianalisis dengan menggunakan analisis statistik uji Wicoxon Signed Ranks Test. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa efek terapi gabapentin sebelum dan sesudah   pemberian pada 21 pasien neuropati diabetik menunjukkan adanya penurunan skala nyeri  dengan penurunan rata-rata sebesar 2,14 dengan nilai  p-value<0,05 yang berarti  berbeda secara signifikan dalam menurunkan nyeri neuropati. Sedangkan Efek Samping yang terjadi setelah pemberian gabapentin yaitu, mengantuk dan pusing 14%, mengantuk 29%, pusing 5% dan tidak mengalami efek samping 52%.
ANALISIS EFEKTIVITAS DAN EFEK SAMPING PENGGUNAAN ANTIBIOTIK PADA PASIEN INFEKSI SALURAN KEMIH DI INSTALASI RAWAT INAP RSUP DR. WAHIDIN SUDIROHUSODO MAKASSAR
Authors: Hashary A Rufaidah , Manggau Marianti A , Kasim Hasyim
Published: June 2019

Infeksi saluran kemih dapat muncul sebagai beberapa sindrom yang terkait dengan respon inflamasi terhadap invasi mikroba dan dapat berkisar dari bakteriuria asimtomatik hingga pielonefritis dengan bakteremia atau sepsis. Pilihan lini pertama terapi antibiotik pada pasien infeksi saluran kemih adalah trimethoprim–sulfamethoxazole (TMP–SMX) dan atau golongan fluoroquinolone, lini kedua golongan nitrofurantion, dan lini ketiga golongan beta-laktam. Namun pada penelitian ini, antibiotik yang paling banyak digunakan adalah antibiotik beta-laktam golongan sefalosporin generasi ketiga yaitu ceftriaxone. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis efektivitas penggunaan obat antibiotik,interaksi antara obat antibiotik dengan obat lain, dan efek samping yang ditimbulkan dalam pemberian antibiotik pada pasien ISK dalam mengurangi infeksi pada pasien ISKdi RSUP Dr. Wahidin Sudirohusodo Makassar. Data yang diperoleh diuji deskriptif antara penggunaan antibiotik terhadap penurunan bakteri, WBC, dan neutrofil. Penggunaan dan dosis obat antibiotik pada pasien infeksi saluran kemih di instalasi rawat inap RSUP DR. Wahidin Sudirohusodo Makassar menunjukkan hasil yang efektif dalam mengurangi dan atau menyembuhkan infeksi saluran kemih. Efek samping yang terjadi setelah pemberian antibiotik ceftriaxone yaitu mual 9%, nyeri perut 4,5%, dan pemberian antibiotik ceftazidime mengalami diare 4,5%. Interaksi yang terjadi pada pemberia antibiotik yaitu antara ceftriaxon dan furosemid, Penggunaan ceftriaxone (sefalosporin) bersamaan dengan furosemid (diuretik) dapat meningkatkan konsentrasi plasma atau menurunkan klirens dari ceftriaxon. Manajemen yang sebaiknya dilakukan adalah memonitoring fungsi ginjal
ANALISIS EFEKTIVITAS BIAYA PENGGUNAAN RISPERIDONE KOMBINASI DAN HALOPERIDOL KOMBINASI PADA PASIEN SKIZOFRENIA DI RSJ. DR. V. L. RATUMBUYSANG PROVINSI SULAWESI UTARA
Authors: Karaeng Nety Daud , Makhmud Andi Ilham , Liaury Kristian
Published: June 2019

Skizofrenia adalah gangguan jiwa berat dan kronis yang signifikan dihubungkan dengan masalah kesehatan jangka panjang, sosial dan beban keuangan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melakukan analisis efektivitas biaya penggunaan risperidone kombinasi dan haloperidol kombinasi pada pasien skizofrenia di RSJ. Prof. DR. V. L. Ratumbuysang Provinsi Sulawesi Utara pada bulan April-Juli 2018. Data dikumpulkan secara retrospektif dan prospektif. Efektifitas pengobatan diukur menggunakan instrumen Positive and Negative Scala Score (PANSS). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa rerata biaya total kelompok risperidone kombinasi maupun haloperidol kombinasi secara statistik tidak menunjukkan perbedaan yang signifikan (p=1,35). Outcome kilinik kelompok risperidone kombinasi berdasarkan persen penurunan PANSS signifikan lebih baik dibandingkan kelompok haloperidol kombinasi dengan nilai p = 0,002. Berdasarkan perolehan Rasio Efektifitas Biaya (REB) risperidone kombinasi menjadi pilihan yang dominan dibandingkan kelompok haloperidol kombinasi.
IDENTIFIKASI SENYAWA KIMIA DAN UJI AKTIVITAS ANTIOKSIDAN EKSTRAK ETANOL KULIT JERUK BALI (Citrus maxima Merr.)
Authors: Suryanita Suryanita , Aliyah Aliyah , Djabir Yulia Yusrini , Wahyudin Elly , Rahman Latifah , Yulianty Risfah
Published: June 2019

Penyakit degenerative disebabkan karena antioksidan yang ada didalam tubuh tidak mampu menetralisir peningkatan konsentrasi radikal bebas, sehingga perlu adanya antioksidan dari luar untuk menghancurkan radikal bebas yang dapat menyebabkan kerusakan sel. Kulit buah jeruk Bali merupakan salah satu tanaman yang diketahui memiliki kandungan senyawa flavonoid yang bersifat antioksidan. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui kandungan senyawa kimia dan aktivitas antioksidan ekstrak etanol kulit buah jeruk Bali. Identifikasi kandungan senyawa kimia dilakukan secara kualitatif dan kuantitatif, sedangkan uji aktivitas antioksidan dilakukan dengan menggunakan metode penangkapan radikal 2,2- difenil-1-pikrilhidrazil (DPPH) dengan asam askorbat sebagai pembanding. Hasil penelitian memperlihatkan esktrak etanol kulit buah jeruk Bali mengandung Flavanoid, Saponin, Alkaloid, Triterpenoid/Steroid, dan Tanin, sedangkan hasil uji kuantitatif fenolik total dan flavonoid total masing-masing diperoleh hasil 4,96% dan 0,34%. Hasil uji aktivitas antioksidan ekstrak kulit buah jeruk Bali dan asam askorbat masing-masing menunjukkan nilai IC50 574,02 bpj dan 4,63 bpj. Hasil ini memperlihatkan bahwa ekstrak kulit buah jeruk Bali memiliki aktivitas antioksidan yang lemah jika dibandingkan asam askorbat.
PENGARUH BAHAN TAMBAHAN MALTODEXTRIN DAN GOM ARAB TERHADAP KADAR TOTAL POLIFENOL DARI EKSTRAK TEH HIJAU (Camellia sinensis) SETELAH PENYIMPANAN
Authors: Rahmasia Rahmasia , Sartini Sartini , Marzuki Asnah
Published: June 2019

Teh hijau (Camellia sinensis) mengandung senyawa polifenol utamanya epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG), epigallatocatechin (EGC), epicatechin-3-gallate (ECG), dan epicatechin (EC) yang dapat berfungsi sebagai antioksidan. Senyawa polifenol tidak stabil pada temperatur, pH dan oksigen, sehingga ditambahkan bahan enkapsulasi maltodextrin dan gom arab untuk mempertahankan kadar polifenol selama masa penyimpanan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui perbandingan bahan maltodextrin dan gom arab sebagai pengenkapsulasi dalam mempertahankan kadar polifenol dari ekstrak teh hijau selama masa penyimpanan. Ekstraksi dilakukan secara remaserasi menggunakan pelarut etanol 70 % dengan perbandingan 1:5. Enkapsulasi ekstrak teh hijau menggunakan maltodextrin dan gom arab, perbandingan ekstrak teh hijau dengan enkapsulasi yaitu 1:5, 1:1 dan 1:2. Pengujian kadar total polifenol menggunakan metode spektrofotometri UV-Vis  dengan larutan standar asam galat. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa enkapsulasi ekstrak teh hijau dapat mempengaruhi kadar total polifenol.
POTENSI FRAKSI AKTIVITAS ANTIBAKERI DAN ANTIRADIKAL DARI KULIT BATANG FALOAK (Sterculia quadrifida R.Br)
Authors: Susanto FX Haryanto
Published: June 2019

Penduduk Nusa Tenggara Timur memanfaatkan kulit batang tumbuhan Faloak (Sterculia quadrifida R.Br.) sebagai tumbuhan obat untuk mengobati penyakit liver, gastroentritis, dan penambah stamina. Kulit batang Faloak mengandung senyawa fenol, flavonoid, dan terpenoid. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis daya antibakteri dan antioksidan dari fraksi hasil pemisahan ekstrak etanol kulit Faloak. Fraksi 3 menunjukan aktivitas antibakteri yang tinggi (IC50) pada bakteri B. subtilis (90.51 µg/mL), E. coli (80.12 µg/mL), S.aureus (77,87 μg/mL), dan S.thypi (61.23 µg/mL). Uji aktivitas antioksidan menunjukan bahwa fraksi 2 mempunyai aktivitas antioksidan dan kandungan fenolik total yang paling tinggi (34,16 ± 0,76 mg GAE).
Local Public Health Policymakers’ Views on State Preemption: Results of a National Survey, 2018
Authors: Rutkow Lainie , McGinty Meghan D. , Wetter Sarah , Vernick Jon S.
Published: June 2019

Objectives. To learn about local health policymakers’ experiences and responses to preemption—the ability of a higher level of government to limit policy activity at a lower level.

Methods. Between March and June 2018, we conducted an anonymous Web-based survey of mayors and health officials in US cities with populations of 150 000 or more. We used descriptive statistics to analyze multiple-choice responses. We analyzed open text responses qualitatively.

Results. Survey response rates were 28% (mayors) and 32% (health officials). Nearly all respondents found preemption to be an obstacle to local policymaking. When faced with preemption, 72% of health officials and 60% of mayors abandoned or delayed local policymaking efforts.

Conclusions. Preemption is viewed as an impediment across a range of public health issues and may stifle local policy activity (i.e., have a chilling effect). Those working at the local level should consider the potential for preemption whenever seeking to address public health concerns in their communities.

Public Health Implications. Local governments should engage with advocates, practitioners, and public health lawyers to learn about successful and failed efforts to meet public health objectives when faced with preemption.
Tibiofemoral Kinematics During Compressive Loading of the ACL-Intact and ACL-Sectioned Knee
Authors: Wang Dean , Kent Robert N. , Amirtharaj Mark J. , Hardy Brendan M. , Nawabi Danyal H. , Wickiewicz Thomas L. , Pearle Andrew D. , Imhauser Carl W.
Published: June 2019

Background:

Tibial geometry and knee laxity have been identified as risk factors for both noncontact anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) rupture and instability in the setting of ACL insufficiency via clinical studies; yet, their biomechanical relationships with tibiofemoral kinematics during compressive loading are less well understood. The purpose of this study was to identify the relative contributions of sagittal tibial slope, medial tibial eminence volume, and anterior knee laxity to tibiofemoral kinematics with axial compression in both ACL-intact and ACL-sectioned cadaveric knees.

Methods:

Computed tomography (CT) data were collected from 13 human cadaveric knees (mean donor age, 45 ± 11 years; 8 male). Validated algorithms were used to calculate the sagittal slope of the medial and of the lateral tibial plateau as well as volume of the medial tibial eminence. Specimens were then mounted to a robotic manipulator. For both intact and ACL-sectioned conditions, the robot compressed the knee from 10 to 300 N at 15° of flexion; the net anterior tibial translation of the medial and lateral compartments and internal tibial rotation were recorded. Simple and multiple linear regressions were performed to identify correlations between kinematic outcomes and (1) osseous geometric parameters and (2) anterior laxity during a simulated Lachman test.

Results:

In ACL-intact knees, anterior tibial translation of each compartment was positively correlated with the corresponding sagittal slope, and internal tibial rotation was positively correlated with the lateral sagittal slope and the sagittal slope differential (p ≤ 0.044). In ACL-sectioned knees, anterior tibial translation of the medial compartment was positively associated with medial sagittal slope as well as a combination of medial tibial eminence volume and anterior laxity; internal tibial rotation was inversely correlated with anterior knee laxity (p < 0.05).

Conclusions:

Under compressive loading, sagittal slope of the medial and of the lateral tibial plateau was predictive of kinematics with the ACL intact, while medial tibial eminence volume and anterior laxity were predictive of kinematics with the ACL sectioned.

Clinical Relevance:

The relationships between tibial osseous morphology, anterior laxity, and knee kinematics under compression may help explain heightened risk of ACL injury and might predict knee instability after ACL rupture.
Medial Unicompartmental Knee Arthroplasty for the Treatment of Focal Femoral Osteonecrosis
Authors: Greco Nicholas J. , Lombardi Adolph V. , Hurst Jason M. , Morris Michael J. , Berend Keith R.
Published: June 2019

Background:

Previous research has indicated that unicompartmental arthroplasty may be an effective treatment for focal osteonecrosis in the knee; however, these reports have been composed of small patient cohorts and without characterization of the osteonecrotic lesions. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of unicompartmental arthroplasty for the treatment of focal osteonecrosis within the medial femoral condyle including an assessment of lesion size.

Methods:

A consecutive series of >5,000 unicompartmental knee arthroplasties performed at a single institution was retrospectively reviewed to identify cases of medial femoral condyle osteonecrosis with a minimum 2-year follow-up. Lesion size was classified according to the ratio of lesion width to condylar width, as well as lesion depth relative to condylar depth. Patient-reported outcome measures and need for a revision procedure were studied.

Results:

Sixty-four patients (32 males, 32 females; 65 knees) with a mean age of 64 years were included. The mean patient follow-up was 5.3 years (range, 2 to 12 years). The mean ratio of lesion width to condylar width was 64%, the mean lesion depth was 1.11 cm, and 82% of cases demonstrated subchondral collapse. At the time of the latest follow-up, patients demonstrated substantial improvements in the pain, function, and clinical components of the Knee Society Score, by 36, 25, and 51, respectively. Four patients (6%) required a revision, of which only 1 was for aseptic loosening of the femoral component.

Conclusions:

Unicompartmental arthroplasty is an effective treatment for advanced-stage focal osteonecrosis of the medial femoral condyle. Loss of component fixation to the femoral condyle did not appear to be a substantial concern because there was only 1 femoral failure as a result of aseptic loosening, despite lesions affecting a significant portion of the femoral condyle.

Level of Evidence:

Therapeutic Level IV. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
Cardiopulmonary Function in Patients with Congenital Scoliosis
Authors: Lin Youxi , Shen Jianxiong , Chen Lixia , Yuan Wangshu , Cong Hui , Luo Jinmei , Kwan Kenny Yat Hong
Published: June 2019

Background:

Patients with congenital scoliosis often have restrictive pulmonary dysfunction on static pulmonary function testing (PFT). Although frequently asymptomatic during daily activities, these patients are generally assumed to have reduced exercise capacity. The aim of this study was to use dynamic cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET) to investigate exercise capacity and its association with spinal deformity in patients with congenital scoliosis.

Methods:

Sixty patients with congenital scoliosis who underwent preoperative spinal radiography, PFT, and CPET were included from January 2014 to November 2017. The impact of thoracic spinal deformity and rib anomalies on pulmonary function and physical capacity was investigated.

Results:

A significant deterioration in pulmonary function with increases in the severity of the major thoracic curve was demonstrated by the forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1), forced vital capacity (FVC), and total lung capacity (all p < 0.001). The ratio of FEV1 to FVC was similar regardless of thoracic curve severity. A smaller tidal volume during exercise testing reflected restrictive dysfunction in the patients with the most severe curves. CPET also revealed a significant trend of faster breathing by patients with a severe thoracic curve (p < 0.001). Exercise capacity indicators such as work rate (p = 0.019), heart rate (p = 0.015), and oxygen saturation (p = 0.006) were significantly reduced only in patients with a thoracic curve of >100°. Pulmonary dysfunction was the major contributor to exercise intolerance. Compared with mild pulmonary dysfunction, moderate and severe dysfunction was associated with an abnormal breathing pattern and lower work rate (p = 0.032) and peak oxygen intake (p = 0.042), indicating worse exercise tolerance.

Conclusions:

Congenital scoliosis leads to restrictive pulmonary dysfunction, which reduces the tidal volume and forces patients to accelerate respiratory rates during exercise. Patients with a thoracic curve of >100° are unable to compensate and have significantly reduced exercise capacity.

Level of Evidence:

Prognostic Level II. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
Factors Related to Patient Dissatisfaction Versus Objective Failure After Arthroscopic Shoulder Stabilization for Instability
Authors: Park In , Kang Jun-Seok , Jo Yoon-Geol , Shin Sang-Jin
Published: June 2019

Background:

After arthroscopic stabilization procedures for recurrent anterior shoulder instability, patients are not always satisfied with their shoulder, even when the operation successfully restored stability. The aim of this study was to evaluate the factors associated with subjective patient dissatisfaction after arthroscopic stabilization procedures for recurrent anterior shoulder instability and to compare these factors with those associated with objective surgical failure.

Methods:

A total of 195 patients who underwent an arthroscopic stabilization procedure for recurrent anterior shoulder instability were included in this study. At the 2-year postoperative visit, subjective patient dissatisfaction was assessed with a 15-point scale. Objective surgical failure was defined as postoperative dislocation or subluxation events requiring revision surgery. Several factors, including age at the first dislocation, age at the time of the operation, presence of an off-track Hill-Sachs lesion, width of the Hill-Sachs lesion, size of the glenoid bone defect, and number of instability events, were recorded. Multivariable linear regression analysis and multivariable logistic regression analysis were performed using a backward stepwise procedure as the variable selection method.

Results:

Fifteen patients (7.7%) had recurrent instability requiring revision surgery. In the group of 180 patients without surgical failure, the width of the Hill-Sachs lesion (regression coefficient: 0.052, p = 0.011) and number of instability events (regression coefficient: 0.103, p = 0.029) were positively correlated with subjective patient dissatisfaction, whereas concomitant repair of a SLAP (superior labrum anterior-posterior) lesion showed negative correlation (regression coefficient: −0.926, p = 0.004). In the total cohort of patients, objective surgical failure was correlated with the age at the time of the operation (odds ratio [OR]: 0.851, p = 0.042), size of the glenoid bone defect (OR: 1.172, p < 0.001), and number of instability events (OR: 1.147, p = 0.048). Other variables, including an off-track Hill-Sachs lesion or a concomitant remplissage procedure, were not correlated with subjective patient dissatisfaction or objective surgical failure.

Conclusions:

Factors related to subjective patient dissatisfaction differed from those related to objective surgical failure. For a better understanding of the clinical outcomes after surgery, surgeons should assess the factors that correlate with subjective patient dissatisfaction and objective surgical failure.

Level of Evidence:

Prognostic Level IV. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
Osteochondral Allograft Transplantation for Knee Cartilage and Osteochondral Defects
Authors: Cavendish Parker A. , Everhart Joshua S. , Peters Nicholas J. , Sommerfeldt Mark F. , Flanigan David C.
Published: June 2019

» Osteochondral allograft (OCA) transplantation is a versatile treatment option for patients with cartilage and osteochondral defects. Indications for this procedure include young active patients with large focal defects, failure of previous cartilage repair, osteonecrosis, osteochondritis dissecans, and/or posttraumatic osteochondral defects.

» OCA transplantation is a uniquely useful treatment option for patients with large high-grade osteochondral defects and for athletes who have substantial incentives to return to sport as quickly as possible.

» Early reoperation after OCA transplantation is relatively common. Revision options for graft failure are limited. Thus, patients with contraindications such as a body mass index that is >35 kg/m2, uncorrectable malalignment of the knee joint, concomitant knee pathology, or a history of corticosteroid and/or tobacco use should be appropriately counseled.
Rancang Bangun Modul Pembelajaran Bengkel Listrik
Authors: Sonong Sonong , Nauwir Herman , Djalal Muhammad Ruswandi
Published: June 2019

Electric motor is an electric machine that has a function as a converter of electrical energy into mechanical energy. Electric motors are widely used as movers because they are better in terms of technical and economical, but have disadvantages such as large initial currents so that they cannot last long, to overcome this can be used Y-utan star starting method both manually and automatically created in a panel box. In the operation and manufacture of a protection system for a 3 phase induction motor, some supporting equipment can be arranged in a panel box so that motor performance can be maximized. The results of this tool design are in the form of a panel box in which there are three types of circuits, namely: 3 phase induction motor operation circuit with the starting Y-∆ automatically, reversing the direction of 3 phase induction motor rotation, and 3 phase induction motor operation in two places. Where the series is equipped with a protection system and can be operated manually and automatically.
Algoritma Persaingan Imperialis Sebagai Optimasi Kontroler PID dan ANFIS Pada Mesin Sinkron Magnet Permanen
Authors: Ali Machrus , Raikhani Agus , Budiman Budiman , Sopian Hendi
Published: June 2019

Permanent Magnet Syschronous Machine (PMSM) has low torque, so good control is needed to be stable quickly. PMSM uses the principle of faraday experiments which is rotating a magnet in a coil or vice versa. When a magnet moves in a coil, there is a change in magnetic flux in the coil and penetrates perpendicular to the coil so that there is a potential difference between the ends of the coil, regarding this due to changes in magnetic flux. Magnetic flux can be changed by moving a magnet in a coil or vice versa by utilizing other energy sources. To get a good optimization result, the right control constants are needed. So that the best output is obtained. To get the right constants, a suitable and good method is needed, including using artificial intelligence. In this study using the Imperialist Competitive Algorithm (ICA) method. From the simulation results it was found that the best controller design in this study was ANFIS-ICA with the best profile, torque profile, voltage profile, and rotation profile. The largest current is 2.45 A, the smallest overshot torque is 0.48 pu, the largest voltage frequency is 9.84 khz, and the best rotation (close to the reference) is 700.02 rpm. The results of this study will be continued with the use of other artificial intelligence.
An Optimised Method for Fetching and Transforming Survey Data based on SQL and R Programming Language
Authors: Et al. Hasan
Published: June 2019

The development of information systems in recent years has contributed to various methods of gathering information to evaluate IS performance. The most common approach used to collect information is called the survey system. This method, however, suffers one major drawback. The decision makers consume considerable time to transform data from survey sheets to analytical programs. As such, this paper proposes a method called ‘survey algorithm based on R programming language’ or SABR, for data transformation from the survey sheets inside R environments by treating the arrangement of data as a relational format. R and Relational data format provide excellent opportunity to manage and analyse the accumulated data. Moreover, a survey system based on structured query language and R programming language is designed to optimize methods to manage survey systems by applying large features offered via combining multi data science languages. The experiments verified enhancements of flexibility, technical tools, and data visualization features employed to process the collected data from different aspects; therefore, the proposed approach demonstrates a simple case study to enhance the evaluation requirements of the proposed technique. Finally, the estimated results of this research can be used to improve the methods of information management on different aspects such as survey systems and other data models that hold the relational and non-relational models using SABR. This method demonstrated improved accuracy of data collected, reduced data processing time and arranged data to the willing model.
Taxonomy of Memory Usage in Swarm Intelligence-Based Metaheuristics
Authors: Et al. Yasear
Published: June 2019

Metaheuristics under the swarm intelligence (SI) class have proven to be efficient and have become popular methods for solving different optimization problems. Based on the usage of memory, metaheuristics can be classified into algorithms with memory and without memory (memory-less). The absence of memory in some metaheuristics will lead to the loss of the information gained in previous iterations. The metaheuristics tend to divert from promising areas of solutions search spaces which will lead to non-optimal solutions. This paper aims to review memory usage and its effect on the performance of the main SI-based metaheuristics. Investigation has been performed on SI metaheuristics, memory usage and memory-less metaheuristics, memory characteristics and memory in SI-based metaheuristics. The latest information and references have been further analyzed to extract key information and mapped into respective subsections. A total of 50 references related to memory usage studies from 2003 to 2018 have been investigated and show that the usage of memory is extremely necessary to increase effectiveness of metaheuristics by taking the advantages from their previous successful experiences. Therefore, in advanced metaheuristics, memory is considered as one of the fundamental elements of an efficient metaheuristic. Issues in memory usage have also been highlighted. The results of this review are beneficial to the researchers in developing efficient metaheuristics, by taking into consideration the usage of memory.
Social Worked-Examples Technique to Enhance Student Engagement in Program Visualization
Authors: Et al. Al-Sakkaf
Published: June 2019

Learning programming is among the top challenges in computer science education. A part of that, program visualization (PV) is used as a tool to overcome the high failure and drop-out rates in an introductory programming course. Nevertheless, there are rising concerns about the effectiveness of the existing PV tools following the mixed results derived from various studies. Student engagement is also considered a vital factor in building a successful PV, while it is also an important part of the learning process in general. Several techniques have been introduced to enhance PV engagement; however, student engagement with PV is still challenging. This paper employed three theories—constructivism, social constructivism and cognitive load to propose a technique for enhancing student engagement with program visualisation. The social worked-examples (SWE) technique transforms the traditional worked-example into a social activity, whereby a greater focus is placed on the collaboration role in constructing students’ knowledge. This study identified three principles that could enhance student engagement through the SWE technique: active learning, social collaboration and low-load activity.
Design and Development of Smart List: A Mobile App for Creating and Managing Grocery Lists
Authors: Et al. Katuk
Published: June 2019

Research in consumer science has proven that grocery shopping is a complex and distressing process. Further, the task of generating the grocery lists for the grocery shopping is always undervalued as the effort and time took to create and manage the grocery lists are unseen and unrecognized. Even though grocery lists represent consumers’ purchase intention, research pertaining the grocery lists does not get much attention from researchers; therefore, limited studies about the topic are found in the literature. Hence, this study aims at bridging the gap by designing and developing a mobile app (application) for creating and managing grocery lists using modern smartphones. Smartphones are pervasive and become a necessity for everyone today. Hence, a smartphone app that can facilitate the process of creating and managing grocery lists for busy and working people is beneficial. The design and development of the app followed the rapid application development methodology. First, the functional requirements were gathered through interviews and content analysis. Then, a prototype named SMART LIST has been developed based on the gathered requirements, and a field study was carried out to evaluate the usability of the prototype. The results of the evaluation suggested that SMART LIST is useful and easy to use. The respondents also satisfied with the functions for managing grocery lists offered by SMART LIST. The study contributes towards an understanding the system requirements and user interface of a mobile app for managing grocery list. It can be a reference model for developers and researchers in the area to develop similar apps or enhancing the capabilities in creating and managing grocery lists.
The Impact of Agile Methodologies and Cost Management Success Factors: An Empirical Study
Authors: Et al. Iqbal
Published: June 2019

Software cost management is a significant feature of project management. As such, it needs to be employed in a project or line of work. Software cost management is integral to software development failures, which, in turn, cause software failure. Thus, it is imperative that software development professionals develop their cost management skills to deliver successful software projects. The aim of this study is to examine the impact of cost management success factors with project management factors and three agile methodologies – Extreme Programming (XP), Scrum and Kanban methodologies which are used in the Pakistani software industry. To determine the results, the researchers applied quantitative approach through an extensive survey on 52 agile software development companies in Pakistan. Statistical techniques, such as Pearson’s correlation and mean and standard deviation were performed to examine the results. Following this analysis, we found that cost management has a positive effect on other project management factors, which are schedule, scope, risk, resources, and quality. Furthermore, it is determined that, in general, Kanban performed better than both, Scrum and XP in the context of project management factors.
Predictive Value of Histologic Characteristics on Hormone Receptor and HER-2 Status of Patients with Invasive Breast Carcinoma, No Special Type, in an Academic Medical Center
Authors: Elomina Kevin , Cagampan Ma. Carmen
Published: June 2019

Objective: This study aims to assess the predictive value of histologic characteristics in determination of hormone receptor (ER/PR) and HER-2/Neu status in patients with invasive breast carcinoma of no special type (NST).Methodology: A 4-year review of histopathology and immunohistochemistry reports of women diagnosed with invasive carcinoma NST, was done. Multiple logistic regression was used to determine the association between histologic characteristics and ER and PR status, while multinomial multiple logistic regression was used to determine the association between histologic characteristics and HER-2 status, and that between ER and PR expression, and HER-2 immunoreactivity. All analyses included age, pathologic tumor size, lymph node stage, and lymphovascular space invasion as covariates. Results: A total of 137 cases were included in the study. Architectural grade is a significant positive predictor of equivocal HER-2 status (P=0.026). Nuclear grade is a significant negative predictor of ER status (P=0.031). Elston score and Nottingham histologic grade showed no significant association with hormone receptor and HER-2 status. ER status demonstrated no significant association with HER-2 expression, but PR status appears to be a significant negative predictor of a strongly positive HER-2 status (P=0.035). Lymph node stage seems to be a significant positive predictor of an equivocal HER-2 status.Conclusion: Histologic characteristics can predict ER, PR, and HER-2 status, and interactions between expression of these markers provide some insights regarding the complex genetic interactions in the pathogenesis of breast cancer, and its translation into different histologic phenotypes.
Buccal Cell Micronuclei among Betel Quid Chewers and Non-Betel Quid Chewers from Selected Barangays in Zamboanga City
Authors: Abdurajak Benkassar , Halili Jr. Servando , Abubakar Al-Zamzam
Published: June 2019

Background. Betel quid chewing has been reported to have carcinogenic properties due to the presence of harmful compounds present in its ingredients. The oral mucosa is directly exposed to these carcinogenic compounds which could cause pathological changes and lead to malignancies. Micronucleus is a biomarker that indicates genetic alteration could form due to exposure from carcinogenic substances that can be attributed from betel quid chewing. Thus, a person’s oral health status can be gauged through the detection of micronucleus in buccal cells.Objective. A cross-sectional study was done to compare the presence of micronuclei in buccal epithelial cells between betel quid chewers and non-betel quid chewers in Zamboanga City.Methodology. Purposive sampling was used to enroll the 104 participants (52 betel quid chewers and 52 non-betel quid chewers). The demographic profiles and betel quid chewing habits of the participants were obtained using a questionnaire. Buccal cells samples were collected using clean and dry tongue depressors and were smeared directly onto pre-cleaned glass slides. Slides were processed for Papanicolaou staining by a medical technologist. For each slide, 1000 buccal cells were examined using a light microscope with an attached camera. Photomicrographs of buccal cells with micronuclei were taken. Two pathologists separately validated the results through the photomicrographs. Intraclass correlation coefficient for inter-rater reliability gave a value of 1 which indicates high reliability among observers. Results. The median of the frequency of micronuclei among betel quid chewers and non-betel quid chewers were 56.5 and 36, respectively. Mann-Whitney U test revealed a significant difference (p=0.031) at α=0.05 in the Micronuclei frequency between the 2 groups. There were 36.5% of betel quid chewers who have Micronuclei frequency above the cut-off value and on the other hand, 15.4% among the non-betel quid chewers. Pearson’s correlation coefficient revealed that there was a very weak negative relationship (r=-0.072) between total Micronuclei frequency and length of time of betel quid exposure among the exposed group.Conclusion. Betel-quid chewers have significantly higher frequency of micronuclei compared to non-betel quid chewers which puts them at higher risk for developing oral malignancies.