bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Hubungan Kontrol Diri Dengan Kenakalan Remaja
Authors: Rahmadani Sari , Okfrima Ria
Published: May 2022

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk  melihat hubungan antara kontrol diri dengan kenakalan remaja.Variabel independent dalam penelitian ini adalahkontrol diri dan variabel dependent adalah kenakalan remaja.Alat ukur yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah skalakontrol diri dan Skalakenakalan remaja.Teknik pengambilan sampel yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah Purposive Sampling dengan  jumlah sampel penelitian  sebanyak 66 orang.Uji validitas dan reliabilitas menggunakan teknik Alpha Cronbach.Hasil koefisien validitas pada skala kontrol diri berkisar dari 0,799 sampai 0,913, sedangkan koefisien reliabilitasnya sebesar 0,780.Hasil koefisien validitas pada skala kenakalan remaja berkisar dari 0,783 sampai 0,949, sedangkan koefisien reliabilitasnya sebesar 0,992. Hasil analisis data menunjukkan besarnya koefisien korelasi sebesar 0,644  dengan taraf signifikan p = 0,000. Artinya ada hubungan signifikan dengan arah positif antara kontrol diri dengan kenakalan remaja pada SMA X Padang.Sehingga dapat diartikan bahwa hipotesis dalam penelitian ini diterima. Sumbangan efektif variabel kontrol diri terhadap kenakalan remaja adalah sebanyak 41,47%.
Carcinoma adrenocortical: presentación y desenlaces en una institución oncológica
Authors: Fierro Maya Luis Felipe , González Clavijo Angélica María , Imitola Madero Angélica , Cuellar Cuellar Andrés Arturo , Carreño Dueñas José Alexander
Published: May 2022

El carcinoma adrenocortical es una neoplasia endocrina infrecuente pero con un comportamiento altamente agresivo y pobre pronóstico. Dado su baja prevalencia, la experiencia de los centros de referencia es fundamental para caracterizar los factores asociados a esta entidad.

Métodos: Se elaboró una serie de casos de pacientes con diagnóstico confirmado de carcinoma adrenal, tratados en una institución oncológica de referencia entre enero de 2007 y diciembre de 2017. Se describieron las características clínicas e histopatológicas de los pacientes. Se estimó el tiempo de supervivencia libre de progresión y tiempo de supervivencia global (SG) de forma gráfica y con funciones de tiempo al evento mediante la función de Kaplan-Meier

Resultados: Se identificaron 19 pacientes, 14 de los cuales fueron mujeres con edad media del diagnóstico de 43.4 años (rango 20 – 65). El 58% de los pacientes tuvo secreción hormonal, siendo el síndrome de Cushing el predominante. 7 pacientes tuvieron compromiso metástasico al momento del diagnóstico. Todos los pacientes fueron llevados a adrenalectomía, el estado postquirúrgico en 10 pacientes fue R0. 11 pacientes estaban vivos al momento de finalización del estudio. La mediana promedio de supervivencia libre de progresión fue de 18 meses +/- 7.86 y la mediana de supervivencia global fue de 30 meses +/-19.80. Se encontró asociación del Ki 67 con mortalidad y progresión (p=0.01)

Conclusión: Las características clínicas e histológicas en nuestros pacientes son similares a los estudios de cohorte publicados. El Ki67 >10 fue un factor asociado a progresión y mortalidad.
Development of a hat style recognition system based on image processing
and machine learning
Authors: YU FNAG , LIU CHENGXIA , HONG YAN
Published: May 2022

The purpose of this paper is to investigate the recognition mechanism of hat styles and develop a corresponding hat
style recognition system (HSRS). An image processing and machine learning integrated method (IPML) is proposed and
validated for automatic hat style recognition. First, 4 kinds of hat styles (borderless knitted hats, berets, top hats and
peaked hats) with 800 pictures are employed as research objects and divided into two categories: the first 400 serve as
the training set and the rest 400 as the test set. Then, IPML is proposed to obtain a hat silhouette. Curvature feature
points are extracted from hat silhouette and further used as parameters for the automatic hat style recognition. In the real
recognition process, a new case is compared with the pre-set 400 samples in the training set regarding these characteristic
parameters. A Hausforff distance-based similarity measurement tool is used in the comparison process. The experimental
results show that when the curvature feature points are 70 and the output results are 3, the average recognition accuracy
rate can reach 90.5%, of which the value of borderless knitted hats is the highest with 98% and followed by the top hats
with 95%. This work can be used for hat recommendation systems. It can also be extended to support the area of
personalized industrial product design such as fashion design, furniture design and advertisement design.
أثر المعتقدات الدينية في عمارة المعابد والزقورات العراقية القديمة (زقورة بابل انموذجاً)
Authors: Ass. Prof. Dr. Ahmed Laftah Rahma Al-Qassir
Published: May 2022

يعد موضوع المعتقدات الدينية من المواضيع المهمة في حقل الدراسات الاثارية والتاريخية القديمة، إذ شغلت المعتقدات والعبادات والطقوس الدينية حيزاً كبيراً ومهما في حياة الشعوب القديمة وتركت آثارا واضحة على مسيرتها الحضارية. ولعلنا لانكون مخطئين اذا قلنا ان الجانب الديني كان من ابرز العوامل المؤثرة في حضارات الامم القديمة، فهو يسهم في تحديد الاطر العامة للعادات والتقاليد والاعراف والقوانين وله اثره في الحياة الاقتصادية والفنية والادبية. ومهما اختلفت الديانات وتباينت فيمكن القول بصورة عامة انها تفترض وجود قوة أو قوى عليا في الكون يسعى الانسان دائما للتقرب اليها عن طريق عبادات وطقوس معينة تقام في اماكن مخصصة عرفت "بالمعبد" في حضارة بلاد الرافدين. تناول البحث محورين اساسيين، كان الاول منهما: اثر المعتقدات الدينية في عمارة معبد وزقورة بابل القديمة "برج بابل" وتم فيه تناول وتوثيق تاريخ بناء المعبد وزقورته المشهورة، واستعراض اهم الآراء والفرضيات التي طرحت بخصوص اصل تسميته والتاريخ الزمني الصحيح لبنائه وتجديده من قبل ملوك وحكام بلاد الرافدين عبر عصور تاريخية مختلفة في ضوء المصادر المسمارية والادلة الاثارية التي كشفت عنها نتائج التنقيبات الاثارية  في مدينة بابل وما يجاورها من مدن قديمة في القرن الماضي المنصرم. في حين تناول المحور الثاني، برج بابل ومدينة بورسبا (برس نمرود) ، وتم فيه تناول العلاقة الجدلية بين برج بابل وزقورة برس نمرود في مدينة بورسبا. كما تم الاشارة الى اهم ما نسج عن زقورة بورسبا وعلاقتها ببرج بابل من قصص خيالية وروايات اسطورية وردت في المصادر التاريخية وغيرها متأثرة بما ورد في روايات كتاب العهد القديم "التوراة" مما اثار ذلك الكثير من التساؤلات والجدل بين اوساط الباحثين والمختصين بل وحتى عامة الناس على ان زقورة بورسبا هي برج بابل. من هنا حاولت هذه الدراسة تقديم بعض الاجوبة على تلك التساؤلات من خلال الاستعانة بالمصادر المسمارية والدراسات ونتائج التنقيبات الاثارية التي جرت في موقع المدينة وما جاورها.
الأدباء والشعراء الاتراك ودورهم في التنوع الثقافي في تركيا
Authors: Assist. Prof. Dr. Hamid Mohammad Taha Al-Suwadani;
Published: May 2022

يعد موضوع الادباء والشعراء الاتراك ودورهم في التنوع الثقافي في تركيا على قدر كبير من الاهمية كونه يسلط الضوء على الادب والشعر وعلاقته بالسياسة وقد قسم البحث الى تمهيد واربعة محاور تحدث التمهيد عن جذور الادب التركي أما المحور الاول فقد سلط الضوء على الشاعر التركي ناظم حكمت وكان المحور الثاني من نصيب المرأة التركية متمثلة ب الرواية خالدة اديب أما المحور الثالث فقد درس حياة شاعر الاسلام محمد عاكف واختتم البحث بالمحور الرابع للشاعر التركي توفيق فكرت وتوصل البحث الى مجموعة من الاستنتاجات التي تخص تاريخ تركيا المعاصر.
التعليم الديني عند الأتراك العثمانيين دُور القراء والحديث ( انموذجا )
Authors: Saad Abdul-Aziz Maslat
Published: May 2022

بدخول الدولة العثمانية حركة التاريخ ، كان الإسلام بشكل عام والتعليم الديني بشكل خاص يشكلان قاعدة انطلاقها ومنهج فلسفتها في إدارة البلاد بكل جوانبه الحضارية ، مما حدا بتلك الدولة أن توجه ذروة اهتمامها بالتعليم الديني بشكل خاص كأحد ركائز اهتماماتها تجاه رعاياها المسلمين ، حتى صبغت حركتها التعليمية بالصبغة الإسلامية ، وذلك بحكم السلطة الدينية التي كانت تصدر من قبل السلطان العثماني . تضمن البحث ثلاث مباحث فضلا عن مقدمة وخاتمة ، جاء المبحث الأول ، لإعطاء نظرة تاريخية موجزة عن التعليم الديني بشكل عام لدى الاتراك العثمانيين وابرز التطورات التي مرت به خلال هذه المرحلة واهتمامات السلاطين العثمانيين به ، فيما تناول المبحث الثاني ، دور القراء لدى العثمانيين ومراحل نشوئها ، أما المبحث الثالث ، فقد سلط الضوء على دور الحديث النبوي الشرف خلال عند العثمانيين وابرز مراحله.
القضية الفلسطينية في قمم منظمة المؤتمر الاسلامي العادية والاستثنائية 2003-2005 - دراسة تاريخية
Authors: Saddam Yousif Abid Al-Jugaify
Published: May 2022

تعد فلسطين ذات اهمية كبرى بالنسبة للعالم بسبب موقعها الديني والجغرافي ؛ فهي حلقة وصل بين القارات الثلاثة ، وتعد مركز الديانات الثلاث اليهودية والمسيحية والاسلامية ، وهذا ما جعلها محط اطماع الدول الاستعمارية التي دعمت الحركة الصهيونية من اجل تحقيق اهدافهما المشتركة.ارتبطت منظمة المؤتمر الاسلامي بالقضية الفلسطينية وحماية الاماكن المقدسة وكان ابرز عوامل قيامها حرق المسجد الاقصى المبارك على يد الصهاينة في 21 آب / اغسطس 1969، وضعت المنظمة لها اهدافاً وميثاقاً خاصاً بها، ومنذ قيامها عقدت مؤتمرات عدة عادية واستثنائية للتصدي لمشاكل المسلمين وهمومهم والعمل على حلها، ولاسيما القضية الفلسطينية وتطوراتها، اذ تناولت مؤتمراتها الدفاع عن القضية الفلسطينية وطالبت بحماية المقدسات الاسلامية. قسمت الدراسة الى اربعة محاور: تطرق المحور الاول الى (بدايات تأسيس منظمة المؤتمر الاسلامي)، وتناول المحور الثاني (منظمة المؤتمر الاسلامي وتطورات القضية الفلسطينية ، في حين تطرق المحور الثالث الى ( منظمة المؤتمر الاسلامي و قضية القدس)، اما المحور الرابع تناول (دعم القضية الفلسطينية ونصرتها).
التحليل الجغرافي للتنمية الصناعية في قضاء الرميثة للعام 2019
Authors: Prof. Dr. Jawad Kazem Al-Hasnawi  , Researcher Shifa Nasser Jubeir
Published: May 2022

تهدف التنمية الصناعية الى استثمار موارد البيئة الطبيعية بشكل مثالي من خلال تصنيع الخامات والمواد الأولية بدلاً من تصديرها، فضلاً عن كون التصنيع يحفز مجالات إنتاجية أخرى على التوسع بالشكل الذي يرفع مساهمتها في تحقيق التنمية الشاملة، وقد تبين ان منطقة الدراسة تمتلك مؤهلات جغرافية لتحقيق التنمية الصناعية الا ان الصناعات الحالية في قضاء الرميثة هي من الصناعات الصغيرة يغلب عليها الطابع التقليدي معظمها صناعات معدنية وغذائية وانشائية وخياطة اغلبها يتركز في مركز قضاء الرميثة، كما اتضح ان عدد المنشآت الصناعية في المنطقة متقاربة فيما بينها مع وجود تفوق للصناعات المعدنية التي بلغ عددها في القضاء حوالي 44 وحدة صناعية.
أثر ستراتيجية حوض السمك بأسلوبيه ( المفتوح والمغلق ) في تحصيل طلاب الصف الخامس التطبيقي في مادة الكيمياء
Authors: M. M . Muhannad Yahya Hassan
Published: May 2022

تتهم مادة الكيمياء – شأنها شأن باقي المواد العلمية الأخرى –بالجمود وتعقد موضوعاتها ،وتفرعها في أحيان عديدة بحيث تحتاج إلى المزيد من الشرح والتفصيل لتوضيح فكرتها ، وهذا مما قد لا يتوفر عند عرضها من قبل مدرسيها ؛ لضيق الوقت أو لازدياد عدد طلبتهم ، وخصوصا في مدارسنا المكتظة ، مما يصعب عليهم معالجة جميع فقراتها ؛ بسبب انشغالهم بمسألة مراعاة الفروق الفردية، فضلا على انشغالهم بضبط بيئتهم الصفية ، وبالتالي فإن هذه المسائل قد تنعكس سلبا على تحصيل طلبتهم .  ومن خلال خبرة الباحث المتواضعة في تدريس هذه المادة والتقائه بمجموعة من زملائه في الاختصاص ، تبيين أنهم وعلى الرغم من كل ما أثير ويثار حولها ، فإن مستوى ما يحصل عليه متعلميهم قليل جدا على مستوى التحصيل ؛ وذلك لكونهم يتبعون سبلا وطرقا لعرض مادتهم ، اتسمت بالجمود والنمطية المفرطة ، لذلك لجأ الباحث إلى الاطلاع على الأدبيات التربوية لمعالجة هذه المشاكل ، ودرء التهم عن مادته التي يقوم بتدريسها ،وقام بطرح مشكلة بحثه بالإجابة عن السؤال التالي : هل لإستعمال ستراتيجية  حوض السمك بأسلوبيها ( المفتوح والمغلق ) أثرا في زيادة مستوى التحصيل لدى طلاب الصف الخامس التطبيقي في مادة الكيمياء ؟!
تقانات الري الحديثة ودورها في التوسع الزراعي لإنتاج محصول القمح ( محافظة كربلاء المقدسة إنموذجاً )
Authors: د. شهلة ذاكر توفيق  , م .م. علاء عبد الاله فيصل
Published: May 2022

تستند هذه الدراسة إلى معرفة أهم تقانات الري الحديثة المستخدمة في زراعة وإنتاج محصول القمح  في محافظة كربلاء المقدسة ومعرفة مدى دورها في التوسع الزراعي لإنتاجه فضلا عن معرفة مدى توفيرها لكميات المياه المستخدمة إذا ما قورنت بطرائق الري التقليدية, والتي قد تبين من خلالها إن أهم تقنات الري الحديثة المستخدمة في إنتاج محصول القمح هي ( الري بالرش الثابت والمحوري ) وإنَّ حجم الاستهلاك المائي للمناطق المستخدمة لتقانات الري الحديثة كان أقل من حجم الاستهلاك المائي لطرائق الري التقليدية بنسبة (67%)  وإنه لو استخدمنا طرائق الري الحديثة بدلاً عن طرائق الري التقليدية في منطقة الدراسة سنستطيع أن نوفر كميات من المياه لمساحة يبلغ قدرها (9846) دونم والسبب في ذلك يعود إلى كفاءة طرائق الري الحديثة التي يمكن من خلالها التحكم في كمية المياه المضافة التي يصعب التحكم فيها عند استخدام طرائق الري التقليدية , إضافة إلى ما تمتاز به من عدم وجود فاقد للماء عند نقله من المصدر إلى الحقل , لأنه يتم عن طريق الأنابيب , بينما ينقل الماء بطرائق الري التقليدية بوساطة القنوات المبطنة أو الترابية المفتوحة والتي بسببها في كلا الحالتين يتعرض الماء إلى التبخر والنضح، فضلاً عن كمية من المياه الممتصة من النباتات والحشائش التي تنمو في هذه القنوات . ونتيجة لما تمتاز به هذه التقنات الحديثة من كفاءة إروائية فإن ذلك ساعد على التوسع في زيادة المساحات المزروعة قمحا فيها , فبينما كانت المساحة المزروعة قمحا تقدر بـ (16370)دونم خلال الموسم الزراعي (2010-2011) والذي يعد الموسم الأول لاستخدام طرائق الري الحديثة ( الري بالرش ) ، أصبحت تقدر بـ (66924) دونم خلال الموسم الزراعي (2018-2019) ونتيجة لذلك زادت كمية الإنتاج بشكل ملحوظ حيث إنها وصلت إلى (68713) طن بعد إذ كانت تبلغ (9586)طن خلال الموسم الزراعي (2010-2011) .
مستقبل المدن الذكية وأثارها البيئية
Authors: ا.م. د. خالد جواد سلمان
Published: May 2022

تتنافس الدول المتطورة لإنشاء مناطق حضرية جديدة وتوسيع القديمة لاستيعاب هذه الزيادة الهائلة حيث ظهرت فئة من المعماريين  الأكثر ابتكاراً وجرأة في تصميم أفكارهم للمدن المستقبلية, النمو السريع لحجم سكان العالم أصبحت المدن أكثر ازدحامًا، على توظيف التكنولوجيا وتحليل البيانات بشكل واضح، فالتحكم في الحشود المتجمهرة داخل مكان واحد هو أحد الأوجه التي اسُتخدمت بها البيانات الضخمة وحققت نجاحًا كبير, وعلى هاذ الأساس تسعى العديد من الدول المتقدمة في العالم لتطبيق مفهوم المدن الذكية وهي المدن التي تمتلك تكنولوجيا رقمية مدمجة عبر جميع وظائف المدن, مدن المستقبل تستخدم التكنولوجيا بشكل كبير في كل نواحي الحياة المختلفة، فمع تنامي استخدام شاشات اللمس والهواتف الذكية لن يكون هذا الأمر صعب، إذ سيستخدم نظام تحديد المواقع (GBS) على نطاق واسع في المدينة بحيث لن يضل أحد طريقه بعد ذلك، فباستخدام الشاشات الذكية ، يجد الشخص الاتجاه السهل للوصول الى  الموقع  الذي يرغب الذهاب إليه وإذا كان سائقي السيارات في المدن الحالية يعانون في ركنها في مكان ما قد يأخذ منهم وقت كثير بسبب الازدحام فإن المجسات الإلكترونية في مدن المستقبل ، فضلا عن انتشار السيارات الذكية والصغيرة الحجم، والتطبيقات الإلكترونية التي يمكن من خلالها بسهولة العثور على مكان كما من الممكن أن تنتشر الطائرات الصغيرة الحجم ذات الاستخدام المدني كبديل عن السيارات, سيتم التحكم بالمناخ أكثر بحيث تكون المدن مغطاة بغطاء بلازمي شفاف أو غلاف مثل الغلاف الجوي لإتاحة التحكم بالطقس وربما سيتم التحكم بالمناخ أكثر بحيث تكون المدن مغطاة بغطاء بلازمي شفاف أو غلاف مثل الغلاف الجوي وماكينات ضخمة على أطراف المدينة تتحكم بالحرارة وقوة سطوع الشمس المرغوب بها وتولد الرياح أو تسمح لها بالمرور بعد تصفيتها وترشيحها من كل المواد الضارة القادمة من الخارج. على كل حال كل ما ذُكر أعلاه البعض منه مطبق والبعض الآخر لا تزال عبارة عن خطط للمستقبل
التحليل الشمولي للاخاديد والانبعاجات للمستوى (500) ملليبار وعلاقتها بتساقط الامطار في العراق للمدة (2018-2007)
Authors: سهاد عبد الساده مزهر التميمي  , أ.م.د. سولاف عدنان جابر النوري
Published: May 2022

بين البحث التحليل الشمولي للأخاديد والانبعاجات من خلال تحليل الخرائط الطقسية السنوبتيكية للمستوى500) ملليبار) للرصدة (  (GMT1200النهارية لدورة مناخية صغرى (أحدى عشر سنة) تبدأ من2018-2007)) واختيرت أربع محطات مناخية (موصل ،رطبة ، بغداد ، بصرة ) تمثل اقسام سطح منطقة الدراسة ( الشمال، الشرق، الغرب، الجنوب) وأظهر البحث تباين مناخ منطقة الدراسة زمانياً ومكانياً في كمية الامطار حيث سجلت الاخاديد اعلى معدل لعدد ايام البقاء وغزارة الامطار في محطة الموصل ، اما ادنى معدل لعدد ايام البقاء والامطار سجلت محطة البصرة خلال الموسم المطير ويرجع ذلك لانخفاض درجات الحرارة وتراجع منظومات الضغط العالي شبه المداري واندفاعها نحو الجنوب بعيداً عن منطقة الدراسة مما يسمح بتقدم وزيادة حركة الاخاديد ،واظهرت العلاقة بين الاخاديد وكمية الامطار لجميع المحطات علاقة ارتباط موجباً طردياً، اما الانبعاجات فقد سجلت ادنى معدل من الاخاديد  لعدد ايام البقاء ومجموع الامطار لجميع المحطات (الموصل ،الرطبة ، بغداد ، البصرة )خلال الموسم المطير بسبب تراجع الضغط العالي الشبه المداري نحو الجنوب ،وبينت العلاقة الاحصائية ما بين الانبعاجات وكمية الامطار ارتباطاً عكسياً اذ تقل بزيادة تكراره وتزاد بتناقص تكراره .
TO EVALUATE RADIOLOGICAL AND FUNCTIONAL OUTCOMES OF INTRAMEDULLARY OSTEOSYNTHESIS OF SUBTROCHANTERIC FEMUR FRACTURES IN ADULTS WITH LONG PROXIMAL FEMORAL NAIL
Authors: Berwal Ankush , Chhabra Anurag , Kumar Ashok , Kulveer Kulveer , Kumar Manish
Published: May 2022

Background: The subtrochanteric fractures accounts for 10-34% of hip fractures. Operative treatment is gold standard
in adults in view of anatomical location, deforming forces & vascularity issues. Intramedullary device are less invasive,
more biological & mechanically stable whereras extramedullary methods achieves better anatomical reduction but at the expense of vascularity.
However, there is still no consensus over the methodology for being the best for these fractures.
Objective: To evaluate clinical, functional and radiological outcomes of intramedullary osteosynthesis of subtrochanteric femur fractures in
adults with long PFN.
Methods: A prospective randomized control study was conducted on total 30 patients of subtrochanteric fractures and treated with long
proximal femoral nail (PFN). All the patients were followed up for a maximum of 24 weeks. Outcomes were observed & analysed such as tip
apex distance, duration of surgery, complications, functional and radiological outcomes.
Results: The average age of patients was 43.6 years ±13.26. Left sided fracture were more than right sided fracture. The most common type of
fracture as per AO-ASIF classication was 32-C3 (53.33%). In 21 patients compression screw used was 95mm or above. Derotation screw of
size 85mm or above were inserted in 19 patients. Mean TAD of compression screw and derotation screw was 11.59 and 13.81 respectively.
Closed reductions was achieved in 27 patients. Mean surgical time was 157 minutes. Mean radiological union time of fracture was 14.16 weeks.
Mean Harris hip score at 24 weeks was 84.56.
Conclusions: It is concluded that intramedullary xation by long PFN is a sound and effective modality for the subtrochanteric fractures.
Subchondral xation of both proximal screws probably has led to better stable xation with hundred percent union rates and no implant failure.
A STUDY ON PTERION IN ADULT DRY HUMAN SKULL BONES IN RAYALASEEMA POPULATION
Authors: Kareddy Prathiba , Sreekanth C. , Venkataramana C. , Naik.I Vinayaka , Reddy J.Vasudeva
Published: May 2022

Introduction: The knowledge of the variations of pterion & its surgical anatomy are important for surgeons in operating
the elds. This study also contribute additional information as skull bone fractures in infancy & early childhood which
may be associated with large inter sutural bones giving false appearance of fracture radiologically. 100 dry human skulls Materials & Methods:
which were obtained from the Departments of Anatomy, SVIMS - SPMCW; SV Medical college, Department of Anthropology, SV University,
Tirupati; RIMS Medical college, Kadapa. Results: The sphenoparietal type of variety is seen in 71%, Frontotemporal - 20 %, Epipteric - 6 %,
Stellate - 3%. The knowledge of location of pterion and its types in relation to important internal Conclusion & Key Message: landmarks are
really very essential for the neurosurgeon in their routine surgical approach.
STRATEGIES FOR ENHANCING EMOTIONAL INTELLIGENCE FOR THE STUDENT WITH VISUAL IMPAIRMENT
Authors: Silamboli S. , Sujathamalini J.
Published: May 2022

This article highlights the strategies that help students with visual disabilities to enhance their emotional intelligence and psychological well-being. This article reviewed studies related to strategies that improve the emotional intelligence for the student with visual impairment. Students with visual impairment implied solutions to face problems in handling their emotions. Emotional intelligence helps the students with visual disabilities to understand their emotions and others and manage them effectively which in-turn build better condence and better relationship skills. This article discussed many strategies like Self-determination of emotion, PATHS, conict management strategies, problem-solving strategy, and RULER approach. These strategies are the evidence-based approach which enriches the social and emotional well of students with visual impairment and its help to overcome their emotional and behavioral problems. These strategies are improving emotional intelligence and build pro-social behaviors among students with visual disabilities and promote better relationships with others and achieve both academic and life success.
RETROSPECTIVE STUDY TO CORRELATE THE HRCT LUNG CHANGES IN RTPCR POSITIVE PATIENTS WITH VACCINATION STATUS
Authors: Patel Vishakha , Pasoria Sanjay , Sawant Rohan
Published: May 2022

The rst case of the notorious ongoing SARS-CoV-2 aka. COVID 19
pneumonitis was conrmed on 6th January, 2019.1 Clinically, the
patient can present with symptoms like fever, chills, cough, shortness
of breath, difculty in breathing, anosmia, body ache and few severe
presentation like acute respiratory distress syndrome.2 RTPCR is the
gold standard laboratory investigation for conrmation of COVID 19
infection.3 Radiologically, typical pulmonary changes can be seen on
HRCT chest study.4 Vaccination has led to a reduction in the
transmission of the viral infection with decrease in the severity of
infection in affected individuals. Two vaccines have been approved in
India at the time of the study i.e. COVAXIN and COVISHIELD, both
of which require two doses for complete vaccination. The aim of this
study is to determine lung changes with respect to their vaccination
status (partially vaccinated or completely vaccinated).
CROWN LENGTHENING: DECISIVE FOR SUSTENANCE OF BIOLOGICAL WIDTH
Authors: Shaifali Shaifali , Aamir Mohammad , A Pant Vandana
Published: May 2022

A majority of periodontal procedures performed today are related with clinical crown extension for esthetic or functional needs related to varied etiologies. Difculty in maintaining appropriate gingival biological width is a frequent problem which is encountered in such type of reconstruction. Various techniques are used for crown lengthening. Techniques such as gingivectomy, ap with osseous resection, apically positioned ap with or without the osseous resection have been used for crown lengthening procedure. Methodology: Article consists of a case report of a female patient with the requirement of crown lengthening. Bone mapping under LA was done using the Goldman fox probe. Inverse- beveled incision was given followed by sulcular incision and the gingival collar was removed. In this case to perform osseous resection, ap was elevated and bone cutting was done. Result: In this case the desired lengthening of crown was achieved with the good healed surrounding. Conclusion: Crown Lengthening is a surgical procedure that requires exposure of adequate tooth structure for restorative procedures. The scope of crown lengthening procedure is really wide and renement in the treatment modalities are needed.
REHABILITATION PALLIATIVE CARE FOR METASTATIC SPINAL DISEASE BASED ON TOKUHASHI-TOMITA SCORE: A CASE REPORT
Authors: Nur Hidayati Evi Rachmawati , Asri Yusviani Hafizia
Published: May 2022

Metastatic spinal disease is considered a terminal stage of primary cancer and palliative treatment focuses around
symptom control and reducing spinal complications such as cord compression. A 60 years man with complete spinal cord
injury AIS A post laminectomy with Th2-Th4 decompression and tumor biopsy due to canal stenosis et causa Th3 compression fracture. Patient
has history of paraparesis in level Th4-Th8, also bladder and bowel incontinence. The prognosis of patients with epidural metastasis is not
promising and difcult to predict. Tokuhashi and Tomita scores are one of tools that used widely to predict the patient’s survival prognosis, in
particularly for spinal metastatic treatment decision. These scores provide guidance decision whether aggressive operative or palliative.
Tokuhashi score in this patient indicated the survival rate was below 6 months and Tomita score referred to palliative treatment. Physical medicine
and rehabilitation treatment focus on palliative treatment for this patient include diminished pain, maintain vertebral stability, improve physical
tness and mobility to reduce further complication of prolonged bedridden and improve quality of life. Other treatment was given according to
complaint and symptom. Patient was died less than 2-month post-surgery after readmission to the hospital due to bed ridden complications.
ANALYSIS OF THE FUNCTIONAL AND RADIOLOGICAL OUTCOME OF TIBIAL PLATEAU FRACTURES TREATED BY OPEN REDUCTION INTERNAL FIXATION WITH LOCKING COMPRESSION PLATE BASED ON 3D CT THREE COLUMN FOUR SEGMENT SPECIFIC FIXATION - A PROSPECTIVE STUDY
Authors: Kumar S. , eshan N.Prasannavenkat , Shankar S.Siva
Published: May 2022

Introduction: Tibial plateau fractures are caused by high-energy trauma. Historically, the Schatzker and AO/OTA
classication systems are widely used, In 2010 Luo et al in china has developed Three-Column Four segment specific
fixation for complex Tibial plateau fractures.
Aim & Objective: To analyse the functional outcome and radiological outcome of Tibial plateau fractures treated by Open Reduction Internal
Fixation (ORIF) with Locking Compression Plate (LCP) based on Three-Column Four segment specic xation.
Materials and Methods: This is a prospective study of 33 patients with Tibial plateau fractures with column specic involvement based on
preoperative CT were selected for the study after getting ethical clearance in duration from Dec 2019 to June 2021. Outcome of surgery was
evaluated using knee society scoring system and Modied Rasmussen Radiological Assessment criteria.
Results: In our study we had all 100% study population (33 patients) had RTA as mode of injury with male predominance of 81% with age range
of 20–60. In this, 73% had more than one column fracture. 2 patients temporarily stabilized with external xation while others with above knee
slab, then denitive management by column specic xation by ORIF with LCP. We achieved union in all cases within range of 10-15 weeks of
post operative period with few complications. We allowed full weight bearing after clinical and radiological signs of union at an average of 12-14
weeks. About 85% had good functional range of movements and able to perform their daily activities.
Conclusion: Column based concept makes the surgeon to prepare better for the choice in approach, implant selection and column specic
xation which gives better biomechanical strength and rigid construct than unilateral plating. Early joint mobilization and weight bearing was
started around 2-3 months and contributes to better nal knee range of motion.
QUALITY OF CARE PROVIDED TO MOTHERS DURING LABOR AND DELIVERY ASSESSED BY LABOR AND DELIVERY SATISFACTION INDEX (LADSI)
Authors: Shaji Anisha , B S Kala , B Sajini , Krishna Kurup Karishma
Published: May 2022

Introduction: Understanding maternal expectations is an important ingredient in making childbirth a safe and satisfying
experience. Knowledge gained from the study will assist to identify aspects of care that produce a high degree of patient
satisfaction. Knowledge gained from the study can also lead to improved communications and relationships between mothers and providers of
maternity care.
Objective: To study level of satisfaction regarding quality of care provided to mothers during labor and delivery.
Method: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 1035 mothers admitted in in post-partum wards of Obstetrics & Gynecology department
of Government Medical College, Kottayam. Socio demographic details were recorded and maternal satisfaction was assessed using LADSI six
point likert scale-(strongly agree-agree-mildly agree-strongly disagree-disagree-mildly disagree).
Results: The overall satisfaction of quality of care provided to mothers during labor and delivery in Kottayam medical college came to be as
64.8%. A signicant association between variables like age, income, occupation, parity, hours spent in labor room, place to overall satisfaction
Conclusion: Care givers need to fully understand the expectations the mothers have and provide care that is consistent with those
expectations. The Prenatal, antenatal, delivery and postnatal care should be enhanced to increase maternal satisfaction in the health services and
provide maternal-friendly outcome.
ASSOCIATION BETWEEN PLATELET AGGREGATION PARAMETERS AND PRIMARY OPEN ANGLE GLAUCOMA
Authors: S Maiya Anitha , C Prakruthi
Published: May 2022

Glaucoma is the leading cause of irreversible blindness in the world. Being a progressive optic neuropathy,
understanding multiple mechanisms playing a part in its progression is of vital importance. Among them, vascular theory
states that it occurs as a consequence of insufcient blood supply. To know if this insufciency occurs due to thrombosis in the blood vessels,
platelet aggregation parameters can be used as a guide.
Aims: To compare the association between platelet aggregation parameters in patients with and without primary open angle glaucoma and also
to co-relate it with the severity of glaucoma.
Design: Randomized, Cross-sectional, hospital-based observational study.
Methods: A total 53 consecutive patients with POAG and 53 controls were recruited in the study.
The cases were grouped as mild, moderate and severe based on the clinical optic nerve head ndings and mean deviation (MD) value of visual
elds. In bilateral cases, the eye with worse MD was selected.
Complete blood count was done to assess Platelet count (PLT), Platelet distribution width (PDW), Plateletcrit (PCT), Mean platelet volume
(MPV). These platelet aggregation parameters were compared between the two groups.
Results: In the POAG group, PDW (16.29±1.10 fL) and MPV (8.48±0.83 fL) values were signicantly higher (p <0.05) than those of the control
group (PDW 15.85±0.74 fL, MPV 8.17±0.76 fL). In POAG patients, PLT counts were lower (276.1±43.5) compared to controls (291.2±53.0)
though not statistically signicant. MPV (8.80±0.55), PDW (16.65±1.25) was highest in the moderate group but no statistically signicance
found.
Conclusions: PDW and MPV values were found to be higher in POAG patients, suggesting the possibility of platelet activation and hence
increased platelet aggregation leading to insufcient blood supply to the optic nerve head and hence development of POAG. Role of antiplatelet
drugs in delaying the development of glaucoma can be considered based on the above evidence.
BILATERAL TEMPOROMANDIBULAR JOINT ANKYLOSIS – A CASE REPORT
Authors: Raghupathy L.P. , Santhosh v.kalaiselvi , Sushanth Anu
Published: May 2022

Ankylosis of the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) involves fusion of the mandibular condyle to the base of the skull.
Trauma and infection are the leading causes of ankylosis. The rst sign of a signicant problem may be increasing
limitation of jaw opening, and it is usually not associated with pain. Early diagnosis and treatment are crucial if the worst sequelae of this condition
are to be avoided. We present a case report of bilateral TMJ ankylosis in a 34-year-old female patient.
ROLE OF MULTI-DETECTOR COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY IN CHARACTERIZATION OF OVARIAN MASSES WITH CYTOHISTOPATHOLOGICAL CORRELATION
Authors: Gupta Vibhu , Rajeev Verma Sameer , Singh Satyarth
Published: May 2022

Aims & Objectives- To evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of MDCT to differentiate between benign and malignant
ovarian masses and to compare the ndings with cytohistopathological results. Material & Methods- This prospective
observational study was conducted at SRMS, Institute of Medical Sciences, Bareilly from November 2019 to April 2021. CT imaging ndings
of 50 patients with ovarian masses diagnosed clinically or on pelvic sonography were compared with cyto-histopathological results. Ovarian
masses were classied as benign or malignant based on scan ndings. Sensitivity, specicity, positive predictive value (PPV), negative
predictive value (NPV), and diagnostic accuracy of MDCT were calculated. 50 c Results- ases were evaluated by computed tomography, total 60
lesions were found (10 bilateral / 50 unilateral). On the basis of computed tomography 28 patients were found to have benign ovarian lesions
whereas malignant ovarian lesions were present in 22 patients. Cyto/histopathological correlation revealed benign lesions in 30 patients and
malignant lesions in 20 patients. The sensitivity, specicity, PPV, NPV and diagnostic accuracy of Computed Tomography was found to be
90.0%, 86.6%, 89%, 85% and 90.0%. MDCT imaging offers a safe, accurate and non-invasive modality tdif Conclusion- ferentiate between
benign and malignant ovarian masses.
RETROSPECTIVE STUDY OF DIFFERENT APPROACHES TO MANAGEMENT OF CHOLEDOCHOLITHIASIS AMONG PATIENTS ADMITTED IN TERTIARY CARE HOSPITAL
Authors: Ariwala Rohan , Patel Amit , Chaudhary Devendra
Published: May 2022

A common entity in Western societies, gallstones are found in approximately 15% of adults. CBD stones have been noted
in 10–15% of patients with cholelithiasis, and this incidence increases with age. Such patients present with biliary colic,
bile duct obstruction, bilirubinuria (or tea-colored urine), pruritus, acholic stools, jaundice. Various diagnostic modalities used were
ultrasonography, CT scan, MRCP. The treatment options available were ERCP and surgical biliary drainage. Here we have studied various modes
of presentation of CBD calculi, identied various treatment options available for the disease and determine its outcomes, determined the
effectiveness of our surgical treatment by studying recurrence or various complications and identied the treatment modality associated with the
least hospital stay
SCREENING FOR POST-PARTUM DEPRESSION USING EDINBURGH SCALE IN A TERTIARY CARE CENTRE.
Authors: Rupam Rupam , Ranjan Megha
Published: May 2022

AIM:To determine the need to screen post-partum women for post-partum depression using 10 item-EPDS score.
OBJECTIVE: To determine the prevalence of an Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale(EPDS) score of ≥ 13 in postpartum women and to evaluate the association of different sociodemographic and obstetric factors with post-partum depression.
MATERIAL AND METHODS : All females delivered at Sharda hospital during the study period of 90 days were recruited for the research after
looking for exclusion criteria and obtaining written and informed consent. They were screened using 10 item EPDS score questionnaire and score
was given accordingly after third postpartum day.
STUDY DESIGN : Prospective observational study.
RESULTS : Prevalence in our study population was found to be in the range that is seen across the globe. Most of the women with EPDS score
of ≥ 13 belonged to age group of 20-35 years, were from urban sectors, had female child and delivered by caesarean section. Intra-uetrine death
and preeeclampsia were among high risk factors which had signicant association with post-partum depression.
CONCLUSION: Routine screening for post-partum depression has signicant impact on improving mental health of postpartum females by
early diagnosis and prompt treatment of any underlying psychiatric illness.. This improves the postpartum health of a female and ultimately helps
to improve the infants well-being.
CLINICAL PROFILE OF RHINO-OCULO-CEREBRAL MUCORMYCOSIS PATIENTS IN TERTIARY HEALTH CARE CENTRE.
Authors: Desai Trushna , Patel Manisha , Desai Roopalee
Published: May 2022

BACKGROUND- The objective of this study was to determine the clinical prole and risk factors associated in the
patients of mucormycosis. – It was a descriptive hospital-based study in conducte METHODS d in tertiary health care for
a period of 5 months Detailed history, clinical examination, laboratory investigations were documented and SION score was calculated for each
patient The study group consisted of 70 male (59%) and 49(41%) female, with mean age being 55 years RESULTS – 80 (67%) patients were
known case of diabetes mellitus patients. 99 (83%) patients had history of covid 19 infection, while history of steroid administration was seen in
36 (6%) patients. Most common presenting symptom was facial, nasal followed by orbital complains. It was observed that patient with history of
steroid intake had higher SION score compared to those who did not and showed a positive corelation between steroid administration and SION
score(1) with p value being 0.043. Uncontrolled diabetes and over use of steroids in COVID CONCLUSION- management are two main risk
factors associated with post covid 19 mucormycosis. A strong suspicion based on clinical features helps in early diagnosis and treatment and
therefore a better outcome.
Management of patients with heart failure and type 2 diabetes
Authors: De Luca, Mariarosaria
Published: May 2022

The management of patients with cardiometabolic diseases is particularly complex and involves multiple professionals. Cardiologists  and diabetologists, the coordinators of this process, should cooperate in the implementation of a joint treatment and care plan. Based on these premises, a group formed by ARCA (Regional Association of Ambulatory Cardiologists) cardiologists and AMD (Association of Diabetes Physicians) diabetologists, operating in Campania, was set up to define the critical points and create shared diagnostic and therapeutic processes. The document reviews the current evidence and gathers the opinions of the group regarding the identification of patients at higher risk of diabetes and/or heart failure and the management of patients with a known diagnosis of diabetes mellitus and heart failure. PAROLE CHIAVE diabetes; heart failure; cardiovascular risk.
The therapeutic inertia in T2 Diabetes management during Covid-19 pandemic
Authors: Cimino, Elena
Published: May 2022

La pandemia COVID-19 ha profondamente modificato la presa in carico e la gestione delle patologie croniche non trasmissibili, non ultimo il diabete mellito. Nell’ambito della iniziativa Annali AMD, è stata condotta un’approfondita analisi circa gli effetti dell’emergenza sanitaria originata dalla diffusione epidemica di SARS-CoV-2 sui servizi di Diabetologia Italiani. Sono stati analizzati, confrontandoli con i dati del 2019, i dati dell’anno 2020 estraibili mediante la cartella informatizzata diabetologica di tutti i pazienti che presentassero una prescrizione farmacologica. Per poter valutare anche i pazienti seguiti da remoto con sistemi di telemedicina, sono stati inclusi nell’analisi anche coloro che hanno ricevuto una prescrizione farmacologica indipendentemente dalla rilevazione di altri parametri (es peso o pressione). Pur nell’estrema difficoltà dei primi mesi di lockdown, il numero totale di pazienti seguiti in presenza e da remoto nel 2020 è risultato solo lo 0.8% inferiore a quello del 2019. Nel 2020 si è assistito ad un incremento nella prescrizione di farmaci cardio-nefro protettivi (SGLT2i e GLP1RA) a fronte di una riduzione di quella di secretagoghi. Il livello medio di Hba1c è, seppur di poco, peggiorato nel 2020. Molte sono state le difficoltà nell’implementare la terapia anche in soggetti con HbA1c elevata (HbA1C > 9%) dove si è assistito ad un ulteriore ritardo dell’inizio della terapia insulinica. Anche le complicanze sono state indagate in misura minore per le ovvie conseguenze del forte ridimensionamento degli accessi nelle strutture sanitarie per esami clinici e di laboratorio non urgenti. In definitiva, nonostante gli sforzi della comunità diabetologica italiana per continuare con tutti i mezzi a disposizione la presa in carico dei soggetti affetti da diabete, la pandemia COVID-19 ha rappresentato un ulteriore motivo di peggioramento dell’inerzia terapeutica. Ha, contestualmente, fornito l’occasione per sperimentare sistemi di telemedicina/televisita che dovranno rappresentare, in un contesto tecnologico e normativo adeguato, nell’immediato futuro, ulteriori strumenti a disposizione per incentivare una presa in carico sempre più globale della persona con diabete. PAROLE CHIAVE diabete mellito tipo 2; inerzia terapeutica; pandemia; Covid 19; telemedicina; SGLT2i; GLP1RA; insulina.
"Deep state" of Turkey from Ataturk to the present day
Authors: Senchenko Mykola
Published: May 2022

The article examines the origin and activities of the "deep state" in republican Turkey, which, according to the author, was the main organizer of coup attempts in the country.

It was found out what the concept of "deep state" of Turkey encompasses and whether it is a clearly formed structure with all the characteristic units, whether it is a sphere and groups of influence united by a common idea.

Turkish political scientists and historians have been scientifically studying the phenomenon of the "deep state", its genesis and possible role in the country's most high-profile and fateful events since the 1990s. Today, many scholars share the view that, although deep groups of conspirators existed in Byzantium and the Ottoman Empire, in Turkey the formation of a "deep state" as such was associated with the rule of the Young Turks (1908—1918).

The preconditions for the formation of a "deep state" in Turkey through a historical analysis of events of a wide chronological interval are considered. Turkey's "deep state" ties with the Ergenekon organization, whose members include senior officials within the country's armed forces and security forces accused of plotting a coup, have been analyzed.
Turkey's "soft power" policy and tools
Authors: Senchenko Oksana
Published: May 2022

The article considers the issue of using "soft power" tools in the countries of the Eurasian region, raised in previous publications of the author [1—3]. The study was facilitated by the study of the intensification of the influence of the "soft power" of Turkey on the states that fall within the sphere of its geopolitical interests, first of all on the countries of the Caucasus and Central Asia. Over the last two decades, a set of domestic and foreign policy factors has led to a significant transformation of soft power policy in Turkey, which has strengthened its influence on Ukrainian policy, and therefore the proposed study is relevant.

The history of origin and the essence of the concept of "soft power", the content of this concept are analyzed. In particular, the essence of "soft power" is manifested as: the use of intangible assets to realize the interests and strategies of certain groups in the global world; the way to achieve the desired result of foreign policy by peaceful means; a way of non-violent realization of national interests in the global world.

The priorities, goals and objectives of the "soft power" of Turkey, the legal framework for its application in the country, the system of institutions, mechanisms and tools that implement and coordinate activities with the use of "soft power", as well as policy areas "force" of Turkey, one of the most important of which is cultural cooperation.
Journal editions of Ukraine in 1962 in the context of bibliographic research: an analytical review
Authors: Rogaleva Iryna
Published: May 2022

The article highlights one of the results of the scientific work of the Book Chamber of Ukraine in 2020 on the topic "Development of databases of the current state bibliography of Ukraine in 2019—2020 and a retrospective fund of the 1920s, 1950s — 1960s." A multifaceted analysis of 1962 journals published by the State Archives of the Press was carried out.
ACRYLIC OLIGOMER BASED ON BUTADIENE DIMER FOR ANTI-CORROSION SURFACING
Authors: Glazkov D. S. , Kozlov V. A.
Published: May 2022

Statement of the problem. The objective of the work was to assess the effectiveness of the modifying effect of the 4-vinylcyclohexene co-oligomer with methyl methacrylate (OBMMA-50) on the properties of an anticorrosion coating based on KORS copolymer obtained using styrene rectification residues to increase the technological and operational physical and mechanical characteristics of the initial coating. Results. The functional, structural and conformational features of the initial copolymer and oligomeric modifier are established, which ensure their compatibility in the formation of an anticorrosion surfacing. The optimal prescription composition and effective range of the acrylic oligomer content were revealed, where there is an increase in technological and physico-mechanical parameters of the initial anticorrosion surfacing from 15 to 100 %.Conclusions. The features in the structure and composition of the starting polymer and acrylic modifier are shown that provide a significant increase in the physical and mechanical parameters of the coating containing the optimal concentration of acrylic oligomer in its composition.
DESIGN MODEL AS A MEANS OF THINKINGIN ARCHITECTURAL PRACTICE AND THEORY OF RENAISSANCE
Authors: Kapustin P. V.
Published: May 2022

Statement of the problem. Reconstruction of the historical evolution of architectural designing is becoming an urgent need today. The reasons, conditions, processes for the formation of basic ideas and methods that formed the basis of the designing type of thinking and action are still quite poorly understood, especially in a critical aspect. Meanwhile, a considerable part of today's problems and difficulties, as it becomes clear, originates in the era of the emergence of the professional method of designing, in the events of the Modernity. The center of this method is modeling, the evolution of which is considered in this work. Result. The stage of development of design in architectural activity in the Renaissance is considered, most importantly, the methodological contribution of L. B. Alberti. The transformation of the traditional model method of architectural work in the Early Renaissance is shown associated with the isolation of creative actions, personalization of the concept, changes in craft's communications. The craftsman's way of working enters the professional era, which results in a radical change in the nature and place of architectural models. Conclusions. Rethinking, even a reassessment of the importance of modeling in the evolution of designing is required instead of the usual picture of cloudless progress, a critical and problematizing theory should come providing foundations for an instrumental attitude to modeling as one of the methods that is not devoid of shortcomings.
Closing the Regulatory Gap in Michigan's Public Trust Doctrine: Saving Michigan Millions with Statutory Reform
Authors: Breck Kelsey
Published: May 2022

The Great Lakes are some of Michigan's most valuable and important environmental resources. The public trust doctrine requires Michigan to protect and preserve the lands along the shores of the Great Lakes for the use of future generations. Unfortunately, the public trust doctrine in Michigan is in disarray and as a result, public and private rights to the lands along the Great Lakes are poorly delineated. This Note presents an economic argument for why the public trust doctrine should be reformed to better define public and private rights to the land along Michigan's Great Lakes. It also suggests a statutory reform that would solve many of the problems that currently exist with Michigan's public trust doctrine. Without the statutory reform proposed in this Note, or something similar, Michigan stands to lose millions of dollars in valuable environmental resources associated with the Great Lakes.
Put the Town on Notice: School District Liability and LGBT Bullying Notification Laws
Authors: Pierce Yariv
Published: May 2022

Congress could mitigate the problem of lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender (LGBT) student bullying by requiring that teachers and school officials report all bullying incidents to their school district administrators. Many school districts are not aware of the prevalence of LGBT bullying and the extent to which each school protects, or fails to protect, its LGBT students compared to other harassed students. LGBT students often encounter difficulty demonstrating that their school district has a policy or custom of deliberate indifference toward their equal treatment when a school does not equally protect an LGBT student from peer-to-peer bullying because of the student's LGBT status. This Note proposes a federal notification law requiring teachers and school officials to report incidents of bullying to school district administrators. This requirement would enable LGBT students and their allies to pressure school districts for equal protection and to litigate if unequal treatment persists. A notification law would provide a basis for such action because it would create direct evidence that the school district was aware of the problem-an essential element in an equal protection cause of action.