bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Top 50 Most Cited Publications in Disability Sport: A Bibliometric Analysis
Authors: Khoo Selina , Li Chunxiao , Ansari Payam
Published: February 2018

Despite increasing publications in disability sport, no bibliometric analysis has been conducted to evaluate their impact.We conducted a systematic search of theWeb of Science Core Collection citation index on June 26, 2017 for publications published since 1980 to identify the top 50 most cited publications in disability sport. The top 50 cited publications were mainly articles and reviews published in the English language between 1993 and 2014. Most of the 148 authors who contributed to these publications were based in Europe and North America. The majority of the publications can be categorized as sociological and psychological as well as training and competition effects. The most researched events were the Paralympics and Special Olympics. These top-cited publications have contributed to the development of disability sport research.
Changing the Channel: Class Conflict, Everyday State Formation, and Television in Venezuela
Authors: Schiller Naomi
Published: February 2018

The formation of new state television outlets in Venezuela during the Chávez era was a process of dismantling and remaking hierarchies among social classes and between the fields of state and community media production. An analysis of the involvement of community media producers in creating a new state television outlet in Caracas and the collaboration between community and state producers in the first decade of the twenty-first century suggests that the influx of community media producers into state media projects and vice versa was mutually transformative. Such an analysis brings to the fore what vertical topographies of power obscure: the conflict and cooperation between different social sectors that were central to the making of both official and unofficial media projects aligned with the Chávez-led Bolivarian Revolution. In these joint efforts we see the state as an unfolding process of negotiation and struggle.

La formación de nuevos medios televisivos en Venezuela durante la era de Chávez implicó desmantelar y rehacer jerarquías entre clases sociales, así como las áreas de producción de medios estatal y comunitaria. Un análisis de la participación de productores de medios comunitarios en la creación de una nueva emisora televisiva en Caracas y la colaboración entre productores estatales y la comunidad en la primera década del siglo XXI sugiere que el influjo de productores de medios comunitarios en los medios estatales y viceversa dieron lugar a transformaciones mutuas. Dicho análisis pone en evidencia algo que las topografías verticales del poder ocultan: el conflicto y cooperación entre los diferentes sectores sociales fundamentales a la creación, tanto oficial como extraoficial, de los proyectos de medios asociados a la Revolución Bolivariana chavista. Es en estos esfuerzos que el estado se nos revela como un proceso asentado en la lucha y la negociación.
Modeling and analyzing gas supply characteristics and development mode in sweet spots of Sulige tight gas reservoir, Ordos Basin, China
Authors: Ji Guang , Zhang Jing , Lv Zhikai , Liu Pengcheng , Yu Qingyan
Published: February 2018

In order to study the characteristics of the gas supply and development mode in sweet spots of Sulige tight gas reservoir in Ordos Basin, China, a mathematical model was developed for the typical lenticular reservoirs in tight gas reservoirs, and its analytical solution was obtained. The ideal model was calculated by using the analytical solution. Analysis of the production data indicated a clear boundary between the high- and low-permeability regions of the lenticular reservoir, and the boundary will supply gas to the low-permeability region. The reliability of this finding was validated by real production data. The development mode of the lenticular reservoir was obtained, that is the high-permeability area was first used during the initial production; when the pressure wave reached the boundary in the high-permeability region, the production showed a pseudo-steady state; further increase of the production pressure exceeding the threshold of the surrounding low-permeability region triggered the utilization of the low-porosity and low-permeability regions. The established model can provide useful guidance for the development of similar tight gas reservoirs.
Innovations for Evaluation Research: Multiform Protocols, Visual Analog Scaling, and the Retrospective Pretest–Posttest Design
Authors: Chang Rong , Little Todd D.
Published: February 2018

In this article, we review three innovative methods: multiform protocols, visual analog scaling, and the retrospective pretest–posttest design that can be used in evaluation research. These three techniques have been proposed for decades, but unfortunately, they are still not utilized readily in evaluation research. Our goal is to familiarize researchers with these underutilized research techniques that could reduce personnel effort and costs for data collection while producing better inferences for a study. We begin by discussing their applications and special unique features. We then discuss each technique’s strengths and limitations and offer practical tips on how to better implement these methods in evaluation research. We then showcase two recent empirical studies that implement these methods in real-world evaluation research applications.
How Turkey’s repetitive elections affected the populist tone in the discourses of the Justice and Development Party Leaders
Authors: Erçetin Tuğçe , Erdoğan Emre
Published: February 2018

Perceived uncertainty and anger lead people to investigate with respect to the establishment, and politicians who are seen as reckless within society. In this sense, populist discourse paved a way to respond by glorifying one group of people and scapegoating others that emerge as group differentiation. Critical moments especially illustrate mutual constructive identification through the discourse of political actors. This article explores a contextual change in the populist discourse of the Justice and Development Party (JDP) leaders by observing the successive elections that occurred in 2015. It argues that the leaders mainly expressed an “us–them distinction,” “in-group superiority,” and “the people” populist themes; as well as these themes, the electoral speeches made for the second election presented scapegoating and exclusionary statements even more.
The contemporary significance of the moral economy: Is housing a home or an asset?
Authors: Susser Ida
Published: February 2018

This Afterword reviews the diversity of moral economies of housing under the current neoliberal regime. Based on the articles in this theme issue, it considers the ways people’s relationships to their housing have changed as the economy has shifted from a welfare state centered on industrial workers to a financialized economy more reliant on precarious occupations. In the process, the article suggests that struggles over homes and housing have framed the emergence of social movements, both from the left and from the right.
Lessons from exits foreclosed: An exilic interpretation of the Mexican and Russian Revolutions, 1910–1924
Authors: Smolski Andrew R , Sethness Castro Javier , Ross Alexander Reid
Published: February 2018

We apply a typology of exile to factions involved in the Mexican and Russian Revolutions of the early 20th century. Our typology is based on Grubačić and O’Hearn’s theory of exile, which seeks to explain how alternative social institutions based on mutual aid, substantive reproduction, and egalitarian, direct democracy come into being and sustain themselves. We argue for exile as a determinant of revolutionary outcomes and the state (de)formation process and that we must understand exile-in-rupture as a moment when structures are at maximal flux due to the existence of exilic factions. By doing so, we offer a novel approach to understanding revolutions and state (de)formation based upon the alliances between exilic and incorporative factions. Through descriptions of loyalty bargains made, maintained, and broken during the Mexican and Russian Revolutions, we demonstrate how factions representing autonomy and exit are excluded from the resulting political-economic order post-Revolution, while their energy and power are leveraged during revolution itself. Based on this, we argue that exile is a key component of radical strategy, but that it is often precariously based on loyalty bargains that underpin it. Due to exile’s precarity, revolutions are foreclosed by reincorporation into the capitalist world-system as states are (re)formed by incorporative factions. Therefore, exile is both a necessary and contingent component of revolution and state (de)formation.
Video Analysis of Anterior Cruciate Ligament Tears in Professional American Football Athletes
Authors: Johnston Jeffrey T. , Mandelbaum Bert R. , Schub David , Rodeo Scott A. , Matava Matthew J. , Silvers-Granelli Holly J. , Cole Brian J. , ElAttrache Neil S. , McAdams Tim R. , Brophy Robert H.
Published: February 2018

Background:

Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injuries are prevalent in contact sports that feature cutting and pivoting, such as American football. These injuries typically require surgical treatment, can result in significant missed time from competition, and may have deleterious long-term effects on an athlete’s playing career and health. While the majority of ACL tears in other sports have been shown to occur from a noncontact mechanism, it stands to reason that a significant number of ACL tears in American football would occur after contact, given the nature of the sport.

Hypothesis/Purpose:

The purpose was to describe the mechanism, playing situation, and lower extremity limb position associated with ACL injuries in professional American football players through video analysis to test the hypothesis that a majority of injuries occur via a contact mechanism.

Study Design:

Case series; Level of evidence, 4.

Methods:

A retrospective cohort of National Football League (NFL) players with ACL injuries from 3 consecutive seasons (2013-2016) was populated by searching publicly available online databases and other traditional media sources. Of 156 ACL injuries identified, 77 occurred during the regular season and playoffs, with video analysis available for 69 injuries. The video of each injury was independently viewed by 2 reviewers to determine the nature of the injury (ie, whether it occurred via a noncontact mechanism), the position of the lower extremity, and the football activity at the time of injury. Playing surface, player position, and time that the injury occurred were also recorded.

Results:

Contrary to our hypothesis, the majority of ACL injuries occurred via a noncontact mechanism (50 of 69, 72.5%), with the exception of injury to offensive linemen, who had a noncontact mechanism in only 20% of injuries. For noncontact injuries, the most common football activity at the time of injury was pivoting/cutting, and the most common position of the injured extremity included hip abduction/flexion, early knee flexion/abduction, and foot abduction/external rotation. There was no association between injury mechanism and time of injury or playing surface in this cohort.

Conclusion:

In this study of players in the NFL, the majority of ACL tears involved a noncontact mechanism, with the lower extremity exhibiting a dynamic valgus moment at the knee. These findings suggest that ACL injury prevention programs may reduce the risk of noncontact ACL tears in American football players.
Maximum level of mobility with axillary deployment of the Impella 5.0 is associated with improved survival
Authors: Esposito Michele L , Jablonski Janelle , Kras Allison , Krasney Sara , Kapur Navin K
Published: February 2018

Mobility is an important prognostic indicator for patients with cardiogenic shock. No studies have quantified peak mobility for patients with cardiogenic shock who are supported with the Impella 5.0 acute mechanical circulatory support device. The purpose of our study was to evaluate mobility levels among patients with cardiogenic shock being treated with an axillary Impella 5.0 pump. We retrospectively analyzed data from 19 patients receiving an Impella 5.0 device for cardiogenic shock at our institution from 2013 to 2016. We used the Johns Hopkins Highest Level of Mobility Scale to quantify maximum mobility level achieved during active Impella 5.0 support. Higher scores on a scale of 1–8 indicated more mobility. Activity Measure for Post Acute Care Scores were quantified for each patient to assess activity limitations, with a maximum score 24. The mean age of the total cohort was 60 ± 12 years, and the mean left ventricular ejection fraction was 16% ± 6%. In-hospital mortality was 47% (n = 9). Of the 19 Impella 5.0 implants, 10 survived, 6 died from withdrawal of care, and 3 died from worsening heart failure/cardiogenic shock. Similar rates of mobilization during the time of Impella implant were seen between groups. Compared to non-survivors, survivors achieved a higher maximum Johns Hopkins Highest Level of Mobility level, but similar Activity Measure for Post Acute Care scores. In conclusion, maximum mobility after Impella 5.0 implantation may be associated with improved survival. The clinical utility of exercise as a therapeutic intervention for patients requiring prolonged acute mechanical circulatory support requires further study.
Understanding how and why people participate in crowd events
Authors: Torres Eduardo Cintra , Moreira Sérgio , Lopes Rui Costa
Published: February 2018

The participation and collective effervescence in crowd events is a perennial issue in social sciences, however it has scarcely been researched from the point of view of the attendees. This article helps to fill the gap with an exploratory descriptive study based on a sample of 1,553 respondents from 40 countries. The authors analyse seven different types of events and also describe the various participation levels, whether people go there alone or in company, and their reasons for attending. Globally, the results show several specific patterns: (a) the majority of the participants often go to collective events, but different events have different levels of participation; (b) people rarely go alone to collective events, but the company depends on the type of event; (c) although the results show it is not necessary to like the event to trigger participation, people have different reasons for going to different events. The article concludes with a cluster analysis that details the links between attendance, company, and reasons to attend, according to the socio-demographic factors.
Dividend Smoothing and Business Groups: Evidence from Indian Companies
Authors: Labhane Nishant B. , Mahakud Jitendra
Published: February 2018

This article examines the determinants of dividend smoothing behaviour of business group-affiliated firms relative to unaffiliated firms in India during the period from 1994–1995 to 2012–2013. The study is based on 240 sample firms listed on the National Stock Exchange (NSE) that has continuous dividend data for the entire period. The business group-affiliated firms tend to smooth their dividend payments more than that of standalone firms and the actual payout ratio as well as the target payout ratio of business group-affiliated firms is higher than that of standalone firms. For the determinants of dividend smoothing, the investment opportunities and the financial leverage are the significant factors influencing the dividend smoothing behaviour of business group-affiliated firms and standalone firms, respectively. For the entire sample, the firms with high investment opportunities, low leverage, high business risk and that are smaller in size tend to smooth their dividend payments more. As for the macroeconomic factors, the high dividend distribution tax (DDT) imposed by government tends the firms to smooth their dividend payments more. Overall, the results support the information asymmetry and agency-based explanation of dividend smoothing behaviour.
Motives for Reporting Fixed Assets at Revalued Amount: Evidence from a Developing Economy
Authors: Nijam Habeeb Mohamed
Published: February 2018

The purpose of this study is to examine firms’ motives for reporting fixed assets at revalued amount. The study analysed 30 manufacturing firms listed in Colombo Stock Exchange (CSE) for a period of two years from 2012 to 2013, employing Mann–Whitney U test and bivariate and multivariate logistic regression. It is found that manufacturing firms tend to report their property, plant and equipment (PP&E) at revalued amount, when land and building dominates their fixed assets, and firms whose PP&E is dominated by plant and machinery are inclined towards reporting fixed assets at historical cost. However, all such other factors investigated as firm size, carrying amount of PP&E ( ppe), intensity of PP&E ( ippe), returns on total assets ( roa) and return on equity ( roe) fail to explain the accounting choice between cost and revaluation models. The probability for a revaluation to occur, on the other hand, is found to be significantly and positively associated to financial leverage, indicating that highly levered manufacturing firms tend to revalue their assets, may be with the expectation of creating possibilities for additional borrowing. Further, no other variables investigated associate with the probability for a revaluation to occur, though prior researches support such association. Findings reveal that fixed assets revaluation motives may be characterized by the nature of fixed assets and their market dynamics characterized by the nature of economy in which firms operate. Findings also suggest that fair value accounting is relevant to manufacturers with high levels of land and building within their asset structure. Fixed assets revaluation motives may differ across countries which should accordingly be valued by financial analyst and investors. Future research should focus on value relevance of revaluation decision of firms in developing countries. Revaluation decisions should be analysed as first-time revaluation and frequency of subsequent revaluations. This is the first study in Sri Lanka reporting the evidence for fixed asset revaluation motives.
Conceptual blending, creativity, and music
Authors: Zbikowski Lawrence M.
Published: February 2018

This article explores the use of conceptual blending theory for the study of creativity, especially as creativity is manifested in musical utterances. The first part of the article offers an overview of blending theory and describes two aspects of the theory that present challenges to the study of creativity in general, and to music in particular. The second part of the article offers an application of blending theory to Dido’s lament from Henry Purcell’s Dido and Aeneas, with an emphasis on the ways concepts prompted by language and music blend together to create a rich, and highly creative, world for the imagination.
Conceptual integration of sound and image: A model of perceptual modalities
Authors: Athanasopoulos George , Antović Mihailo
Published: February 2018

Based on Conceptual Blending Theory and Conceptual Metaphor Theory, and drawing on a rich body of empirical material from music psychology and ongoing fieldwork research data collected in three countries, we review visual representations of music as a blended domain between music and 2d images, giving rise to the concept of musical shape. As we describe the mechanisms that seem to influence this blend, based on physiological parameters (primary sensory motor skills) and variable cultural denominators with a particular emphasis on the representation of time, we put forward a “Model of Perceptual Modalities”. Here, music interacts with components of other domain spaces (imagery) while being informed by cognitive metaphors (both culturally specific and human-universal) so as to provide a simple but enriched theoretical understanding of the relation between music and shape.
A network approach for provisional assay recognition of a Hendra virus antibody ELISA: test validation with low sample numbers from infected horses
Authors: Colling Axel , Lunt Ross , Bergfeld Jemma , McNabb Leanne , Halpin Kim , Juzva Susan , Newberry Kim , Morrissy Chris , Loomes Cameron , Warner Simone , Diallo Ibrahim , Kirkland Peter , Broder Christopher C. , Carlile Gemma , Loh Mai Hlaing , Waugh Caryll , Wright Lynda , Watson James , Eagles Debbie , Zuelke Kurt , McCullough Sam , Daniels Peter
Published: February 2018

Obtaining statistically sound numbers of sera from Hendra virus (HeV)-infected horses is problematic because affected individuals usually die or are euthanized before developing a serum antibody response. As a consequence, test validation becomes a challenge. Our approach is an extension of OIE principles for provisional recognition and included 7 validation panels tested across multiple laboratories that provided estimates for test performance characteristics. At a 0.4 S/P cutoff, 16 of 19 sera from HeV-infected horses gave positive results in the HeV soluble G, indirect ELISA (HeVsG iELISA; DSe 84.2% [95% CI: 60.4–96.6%]); 463 of 477 non-infected horse sera tested negative (DSp 97.1% [95% CI: 95.1–98.4%]). The HeVsG iELISA eliminated almost all false-positive results from the previously used HeV iELISA, with marginally decreased relative sensitivity. Assay robustness was evaluated in inter-laboratory and proficiency testing panels. The HeVsG iELISA is considered to be fit for purpose for serosurveillance and international movement of horses when virus neutralization is used for follow-up testing of positive or inconclusive serum samples.
A Qualitative Investigation of the Role of Gender in Young Women’s Dating Violence in the United States
Authors: Lehrner Amy , Allen Nicole E.
Published: February 2018

The relevance of gender has been a central debate in the intimate partner violence (IPV) literature. The current qualitative study explored the role of gender in shaping the social context, meaning, and reception of young women’s IPV in the United States. A total of 36 undergraduate women were recruited from a larger sample for in-depth interviews. Emergent themes suggest that women’s violence was construed as nonequivalent to men’s violence, including the perceived triviality of women’s violence, contingencies under which women’s violence is deemed acceptable, and the status of male IPV as unacceptable. Gender was important for participants and bystanders in determining whether they interpreted behaviors as meaningful acts of violence.
Effectiveness of GonaCon as an immunocontraceptive in colony-housed cats
Authors: Fischer Amy , Benka Valerie AW , Briggs Joyce R , Driancourt Marc-Antoine , Maki Joanne , Mora Darcy SO , Morris Kevin N , Myers Kayla A , Rhodes Linda , Vansandt Lindsey M , Weedon George Robert , Wolf Julie , Levy Julie K
Published: February 2018

Objectives

Non-surgical contraceptive management of free-roaming cat populations is a global goal for public health and humane reasons. The objectives of this study were to measure the duration of contraception following a single intramuscular injection of a gonadotropin-releasing hormone-based vaccine (GonaCon) and to confirm its safe use in female cats living in colony conditions.

Methods

GonaCon (0.5 ml/cat) was administered intramuscularly to 20 intact female cats (queens), and saline was administered to 10 queens serving as sham-treated controls. Beginning in late February, 4 months after injection, all cats were housed with fertile male cats in a simulated colony environment. Time to pregnancy, fetal counts and vaccine-elicited injection-site reactions were evaluated.

Results

All control cats (n = 10/10) and 60% (n = 12/20) of vaccinated cats became pregnant within 4 months of the introduction of males. Two additional vaccinates became pregnant (70%; n = 14/20) within 1 year of treatment. Average fetal counts were significantly lower in vaccinated cats than in control cats. Vaccinates had a significantly longer ( P = 0.0120) median time to conception (212 days) compared with controls (127.5 days). Injection-site reactions ranging from swelling to transient granulomatous masses were observed in 45% (n = 9/20) of vaccinated cats.

Conclusions and relevance

A single dose of GonaCon provided contraception lasting for a minimum of 1 year in 30% (n = 6/20) of treated cats. The level of contraception induced by this GonaCon dose and vaccine lot was not sufficiently effective to be recommended for use in free-roaming cats.
Expression of Sestrin Genes in Radiotherapy for Prostate Cancer and Its Association With Fatigue: A Proof-of-Concept Study
Authors: Gonzalez Velda J. , Abbas-Aghababazadeh Farnoosh , Fridley Brooke L. , Ghansah Tomar , Saligan Leorey N.
Published: February 2018

Genetic factors that influence inflammation and energy production/expenditure in cells may affect patient outcomes following treatment with external beam radiation therapy (EBRT). Sestrins, stress-inducible genes with antioxidant properties, have recently been implicated in several behaviors including fatigue. This proof-of-concept study explored whether the sestrin family of genes ( SESN1, SESN2, and SESN3) were differentially expressed from baseline to the midpoint of EBRT in a sample of 26 Puerto Rican men with nonmetastatic prostate cancer. We also examined whether changes in expression of these genes were associated with changes in fatigue scores during EBRT.

Method:

Participants completed the 13-item Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy—Fatigue subscale, Spanish version. Whole blood samples were collected at baseline and at the midpoint of EBRT. Gene expression data were analyzed using the limma package in the R (version R 2.14.0.) statistical software. Linear models and empirical Bayes moderation, adjusted for radiation fraction (total number of days of prescribed radiation treatment), were used to examine potential associations between changes in gene expression and change in fatigue scores.

Results:

Expression of SESN3 (adjusted p < .01, log fold change −0.649) was significantly downregulated during EBRT, whereas the expressions of SESN1 and SESN2 remained unchanged. After adjustment for radiation fraction, change in SESN3 expression was associated with change in fatigue during EBRT (false discovery rate <.01).

Conclusions:

Downregulation of SESN3, a novel pharmacoactive stress response gene, was associated with fatigue intensification during EBRT. SESN3 may serve as an interventional target and a biomarker for the cellular and molecular events associated with EBRT-related fatigue.
Pediatric Lip Adhesion Following Bullous Erythema Multiforme and Review of Similar Oral Complications
Authors: Ashton Rosalind , Wong Karen W. , Weinstein Miriam
Published: February 2018

Background:

Erythema multiforme (EM) is a mucocutaneous disease most often associated with preceding herpes simplex virus or Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection. It is characterized by targetoid lesions occurring on the limbs and head and neck. Mucosal involvement can be extensive.

Objective:

We report a case of lip adhesion as a complication of EM in a child who required corrective surgery and review similar oral commissure complications.

Methods:

We completed a review of the literature for similar cases using PubMed and Medline.

Conclusions and Relevance:

We present the youngest report of lip adhesion due to striking mucositis related to EM. Sequelae of erythema multiforme can be significant, in our case requiring surgery. Meticulous oral hygiene should be encouraged when mucosal lesions are identified.
Report and deport: Public vigilance and migration policing in Australia
Authors: Walsh James
Published: February 2018

Recent escalations in migration control involve the criminalization of non-citizens. In assessing this punitive turn criminologists have highlighted drastic expansions in state sovereignty and coercion. Focusing on the Australian context, this article examines a less noticed trend: the civilianization of migration policing. To facilitate irregular migrants’ removal the government has created tip-lines that encourage private citizens to conduct surveillance and anonymously ‘dob-in’ or report unlawful non-citizens. Approaching the initiative as a distinct responsibilization strategy that enrolls the entire citizen body as policing agents, this article explores its instrumental and symbolic goals, whether expanding official gazes or restoring an exclusive sense of national citizenship. Assessing the functions and effects of public vigilance reveals important tensions and ambiguities within the responsibilization process. In particular the case of participatory surveillance demonstrates how ‘adaptive’ approaches to order maintenance are not external to, but potentially promote and perpetuate, punitive forms of sovereign power.
Punishing crimes of the mind: Sanctions for scientific misconduct as a case for the cultural theory of punishment
Authors: Hesselmann Felicitas
Published: February 2018

The present article is concerned with the symbolism of punishment, using sanctions for scientific misconduct as an exemplary case. By looking at a case not traditionally an object for criminology, it seeks to extend existing cultural theories of punishment to incorporate settings that are not defined by penal law but that nonetheless feature phenomena of deviance and punishment. The article outlines how sanctions for misconduct, much like state punishment, appeal to themes of sacred and evil, uncertainty and disorder. It argues that this appeal to the sacred is both symbolic and instrumental, in that it serves to create and legitimize a position of authority for the journals taking action against scientific misconduct, illustrating how symbolic aspects of punishment relate to aspects of power.
Pookey,poory, power: An agentic powerformance
Authors: Srinivasan Prasanna
Published: February 2018

Early childhood curricular documents in countries such as Australia position children’s voice and agency as central to all early childhood practices. Children’s choices expressed by their voices are regarded as children’s exhibition of their agency. Hence, early childhood educators are urged to listen and respond to children’s voices, and such ‘listened’ responses are applauded as educators’ acknowledgement of children’s agency. Moreover, recognition of children’s agency is also seen as accepting children as individuals capable of making preferences and choices, like adults. In this article, the author argues that children’s agency and voice cannot be conceptualised in their absolute, individualistic terms, and such simplistic consideration only results in diminishing children’s capacity as political enactors. In doing so, the author does not obliterate the presence of agency and voice. However, it is suggested that children’s agency and voice should be viewed as performances attached to power.
Party Rules and Equitable Representation in U.S. Presidential Nominating Contests
Authors: King James D.
Published: February 2018

Party rules for determining allocation of delegates to the Democratic and Republican national conventions once again drew criticism in 2016. Analyses of the effects of various rules indicate that the inclusion of party leader and elected official delegates (“superdelegates”) within the Democratic Party and use of winner-take-all primary elections by Republicans bias the representativeness of states’ delegations to national conventions; neither the choice of primary election or caucuses nor of open or closed events affect representativeness. The choice of primary election or caucuses did affect vote percentages of candidates, but the choice of open or closed events had no effect on candidates’ vote percentages in recent nominating contests. The basic conclusion is that the party rules that created biased, unrepresentative state delegations to national conventions and that benefited certain candidates in the 1980s continue to do so in the 21st century.
Pattern Analysis of Lower Extremity Venous Thrombosis: Implications for Point of Care Ultrasound (POCUS) Protocols
Authors: Angelson Mary E. , Wooster Douglas L. , Wooster Elizabeth M.
Published: February 2018

Introduction

Emergency department point-of-care ultrasound (POCUS) can identify lower extremity venous thrombosis (LEVT) with a published accuracy is 85–90%. The aim of this study was to compare the patterns of LEVT with protocol results and determine the clinical impact of the study results.

Methods

Patterns of superficial venous thrombosis(SVT) and deep venous thrombosis (DVT) were collated from positive venous duplex ultrasound (VDU) studies. Each pattern was mapped to the potential findings by the described POCUS protocols. Analysis of the literature was used to identify the potential clinical impact of the findings and the functional efficacy of each strategy and a numerical result was developed.

Results

One hundred six studies were positive for DVT (42), SVT (44), or both (20) on VDU. Patterns for DVT (single or multiple levels and unilateral or bilateral) and SVT (great saphenous vein above and/or below knee or small saphenous vein in single, multiple or bilateral and juxta-junctional) were noted. The patterns covered by the “two-area” protocol showed DVT = 80% and SVT = 38%, and by “three-point compression” DVT = 74% and SVT = 0%. Particular areas not covered included proximal disease (iliac and vena cava) and calf DVT and SVT in all areas except juxta-junctional. The potential impact for DVT is high, whereas for SVT it is moderate to low. The functional efficacy of the “two-area” protocol (5.9) exceeds the “three-point compression” strategy (3.7) but falls short of the “gold standard” VDU (10).

Conclusion

Pattern analysis of venous thrombosis identifies weakness in POCUS strategies; the clinical implications allow for an assignment of the functional efficacy of each study. Knowledge of these findings should inform emergency room POCUS strategies.
Interference alignment based on adaptive eigenmodes in a multiple-input, multiple-output cognitive radio network
Authors: Li Yibing , Diao Xueying , Dong Qianhui , Tang Chunrui
Published: February 2018

This article aims to optimize the information rate of a cognitive radio network with multiple secondary users. A primary user rate optimization approach based on dichotomy of the degree of freedom is proposed, where the primary users’ eigenmodes are adjusted according to its rate requirement. In order to provide a higher sum rate of secondary users, two interference alignment schemes are presented. The first one is an interference sub-space alignment scheme, which aims to align the sub-spaces spanned by interference from other secondary users with the sub-space spanned by interference from primary user. However, interference sub-space alignment may not be favorable in low signal-to-interference ratio region due to the negligence of the influence of noise. Thus, an iterative interference alignment scheme which maximizes the secondary system sum rate based on Grassmann manifold is developed. To accelerate the convergence speed, the objective function in Grassmann manifold is transformed into two parts without the inversion operation using the extensions of the Minkowski inequality. Simulation results show that interference sub-space alignment is more effective than Grassmann manifold to mitigate interference in the system with more secondary users. We further validate the effectiveness of Grassmann manifold and interference sub-space alignment in comparison with the existing schemes employing a water filling algorithm.
Distal Scaphoid Excision in Treatment of Symptomatic Scaphoid Nonunion: Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Authors: Mayfield Cory K. , Gould Daniel J. , Dusch Marie , Mostofi Amir
Published: February 2018

Background: Current treatment options for persistent scaphoid nonunion are limited to salvage procedures such as proximal row carpectomy (PRC) or 4-corner fusion (4CF). Several small studies have demonstrated that distal scaphoid excision may provide a simpler alternative with faster recovery. The purpose of this study was to determine the efficacy of distal scaphoid excision as a treatment option for symptomatic scaphoid nonunion. Methods: The MEDLINE and PubMed databases were searched for the use of distal scaphoid excision in scaphoid nonunions. Studies included reported on either the functional or patient-centered outcomes following distal scaphoid excision for symptomatic scaphoid nonunion. Results: Six articles described the outcomes of 70 patients with an average of 11.7 patients per study. Functional outcomes including flexion-extension arc, radial-ulnar deviation, and grip strength improved by an average of 98.95%, 58.96%, and 131.08%, respectively. Patient-derived outcomes included the Modified Mayo Wrist Score, which improved by 92.6%, and the Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand, which improved by 137.17%. An average of 68.75% of patients experience complete relief of pain with 20.83% of patients experiencing pain with strenuous activity. The average postoperative visual analog scale (0-10) was 0.71. On average, 93.33% of patients returned to work with an average time of return being 6.89 weeks. Complete satisfaction was reported by 87.80% of patients. Complications included progression into 4CF or PRC and newly developed midcarpal arthritis. Conclusions: Given favorable outcomes, our analysis suggests that distal scaphoid excision may be a favorable, low-risk treatment for scaphoid nonunion without eliminating more extensive options such as 4CF and wrist arthrodesis.
The empirical evaluation of monetary policy shock in dynamic stochastic general equilibrium model with financial frictions
Authors: Palić Irena
Published: February 2018

Large body of empirical literature points to the tight integration of financial and credit markets with real economic activity as well as the need for inclusion of financial frictions into macroeconomic modelling. After the recent mortgage loan crisis which spilled over into the global financial crisis, the assessment of relationship of monetary policy and house prices gained in importance. The aim of this article is to test the compliance of monetary policy shock in calibrated dynamic stochastic general equilibrium (DSGE) model which includes financial frictions with the empirical impact of monetary policy shock in Croatia estimated using vector autoregression (VAR) model. After the DSGE model is calibrated, the VAR model is estimated for Croatia. The comparative analysis of impulse response functions of DSGE and VAR model is conducted. In both models, monetary policy shock has positive initial impact on interest rate and negative initial impact on house prices and output gap. Results indicate that empirical impact of the monetary policy shock adequately reflects the impact of monetary shock in DSGE model with financial frictions.
Evaluation of load-carrying capacity of full-scale falling protection net using distinct element method
Authors: Horiguchi Toshiyuki , Takahashi Toshinobu , Takamori Kiyoshi , Katsuki Satishi
Published: February 2018

This article presents a simulation of a full-scale falling protection net using three-dimensional distinct element method. First, an application of distinct element method utilized cylinder rigid body element for collision response analysis of a flexible structure that has a long and slender shape similar to wire rope. Second, contact spring normally obtain contact force between the cylindrical element and spherical element in the case of distinct element method. However, connect spring that expresses axial stiffness like tension or compression and bending stiffness of the flexible structure was indicated as a fresh approach of the analysis method. Third, it is suggested to simulate large deformation program using connect spring of three-dimensional distinct element method and examine the application of reproducibility to analyze a full-scale falling protection net. Finally, the analysis result evaluated the performance of falling protection net using distinct element method which utilized connect spring and cylindrical model.
Dibs on that Sexy Piece of Ass: Hegemonic Masculinity on TFM Girls Instagram Account
Authors: Rodriguez Nathian Shae , Hernandez Terri
Published: February 2018

The study examines how the TFM Girls Instagram account, along with its followers, shapes and maintains dominant discourses of masculinity. Mixed-method analyses revealed that women were depicted more in bikinis, posed in overtly sexually suggestive poses, excluded the women’s eyes and faces, and included predominately White, fit, big-breasted women. There was a positive correlation between the number of likes/comments with breast size. There were also instances of misogyny and objectification manifested in the men’s comments attached to the photographs. The results highlight Instagram as a digital extension of fraternal social spaces. TFM Girls reinforces hegemonic masculinity on a macro-level by allowing virtual linkages among fraternity members across the United States and by fostering a national online frat house ripe with misogyny and objectification.
RETRACTED ARTICLE: Laparoscopic repair of vesicovaginal fistulae with a transperitoneal approach at Universitas Gadjah Mada Urological Institute: a case report
Authors: Soeroharjo Indrawarman , Khalilullah Said Alfin , Danarto Raden , Yuri Prahara
Published: February 2018

Background

A vesicovaginal fistula is an abnormal fistulous tract extending between the bladder and the vagina that allows the continuous involuntary discharge of urine into the vaginal vault. In addition, the sequelae from these fistulae have a profound effect on the patients in view of their physical, psychological, and social dimensions. The treatment of vesicovaginal fistula is surgical in most cases and the choice of the repair technique is controversial. We evaluated the benefits of a laparoscopic approach in a patient with vesicovaginal fistulae. Here, we present our first experience using a simplified laparoscopic approach technique to repair vesicovaginal fistulae in our country.

Case presentation

A 46-year-old Javanese woman presented with urinary incontinence following an abdominal hysterectomy 3 months earlier and received laparoscopic repair. A cystoscopy was performed to confirm the fistula orifice and a stent was inserted into the fistula tract from her bladder to her vagina. A tamponade was inserted into her vagina up to the vaginal apex, to be able to identify the vagina. She had adhesions; therefore, adhesiolysis was performed using a combination of sharp and blunt dissection to expose the vaginal stump and the superior aspect of her bladder. A simple cystotomy was performed and extended to include the fistulae site, and then the defect was repaired by using a running stitch. A second layer of closure was performed in an imbricating fashion with the same suture. The vagina defect was not closed separately but covered with an omental flap. This procedure takes approximately 2.5 hours; estimated blood loss was minimal and there were no intraoperative complications. She had no recurrent symptoms 6 months after surgery.

Conclusion

Our case report concludes that the simplified laparoscopic approach to vesicovaginal fistulae is a viable option for successful repair and that it reduces the size of bladder opening, causes minimal bleeding, and gives successful relief.
Merging perspectives: genotype‐directed molecular therapy for hereditary diffuse gastric cancer (HDGC) and E‐cadherin–EGFR crosstalk
Authors: Li Dandan , Lo Winifred , Rudloff Udo
Published: February 2018

Hereditary diffuse gastric cancer is a cancer predisposition syndrome associated with germline mutations of the E‐cadherin gene (CDH1; NM_004360). Male CDH1 germline mutation carriers have by the age of 80 years an estimated 70% cumulative incidence of gastric cancer, females of 56% for gastric and of 42% for lobular breast cancer. Metastatic HDGC has a poor prognosis which is worse than for sporadic gastric cancer. To date, there have been no treatment options described tailored to this molecular subtype of gastric cancer. Here we review recent differential drug screening and gene expression results in c.1380del CDH1‐mutant HDGC cells which identified drug classes targeting PI3K (phosphoinositide 3‐kinase), MEK (mitogen‐activated protein kinase), FAK (focal adhesion kinase), PKC (protein kinase C), and TOPO2 (topoisomerase II) as selectively more effective in cells with defective CDH1 function. ERK1‐ERK2 (extracellular signal regulated kinase) signaling measured as top enriched network in c.1380delA CDH1‐mutant cells. We compared these findings to synthetic lethality and pharmacological screening results in isogenic CDH1−/− MCF10A mammary epithelial cells with and without CDH1 expression and current knowledge of E‐cadherin/catenin–EGFR cross‐talk, and suggest different rationales how loss of E‐cadherin function activates PI3K, mTOR, EGFR, or FAK signaling. These leads represent molecularly selected treatment options tailored to the treatment of CDH1‐deficient familial gastric cancer.
The IRB structure and medical research reform
Authors: Babyar Julie
Published: February 2018

Optimal Independent Review Board (IRB) structure encompasses ongoing process improvement, ethics policies and continuous relationship building, all sound in evidence. With optimal IRB structure, a global research infrastructure will flourish. Evidence for IRB structure must be detailed and expert operational recommendations should guide. Too, health service research oversight should assist in funding as well as collaboration. A national and international research agenda will only benefit from best operations, guided in evidence, supported in best regulatory and research leadership practice. It is imperative that the IRB structure be reformed.
FGF2-dependent mesenchyme and laminin-111 are niche factors in salivary gland organoids
Authors: Hosseini Zeinab F. , Nelson Deirdre A. , Moskwa Nicholas , Sfakis Lauren M. , Castracane James , Larsen Melinda
Published: February 2018

Epithelial progenitor cells are dependent upon a complex 3D niche to promote their proliferation and differentiation during development, which can be recapitulated in organoids. The specific requirements of the niche remain unclear for many cell types, including the proacinar cells that give rise to secretory acinar epithelial cells that produce saliva. Here, using ex vivo cultures of E16 primary mouse submandibular salivary gland epithelial cell clusters, we investigated the requirement for mesenchymal cells and other factors in producing salivary organoids in culture. Native E16 salivary mesenchyme, but not NIH3T3 cells or mesenchymal cell conditioned medium, supported robust protein expression of the progenitor marker Kit and the acinar/proacinar marker AQP5, with a requirement for FGF2 expression by the mesenchyme. Enriched salivary epithelial clusters that were grown in laminin-enriched basement membrane extract or laminin-111 together with exogenous FGF2, but not with EGF, underwent morphogenesis to form organoids that displayed robust expression of AQP5 in terminal buds. Knockdown of FGF2 in the mesenchyme or depletion of mesenchyme cells from the organoids significantly reduced AQP5 levels even in the presence of FGF2, suggesting a requirement for autocrine FGF2 signaling in the mesenchyme cells for AQP5 expression. We conclude that basement membrane proteins and mesenchyme cells function as niche factors in salivary organoids.