bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effects of growth hormone on lipid metabolism and sexual development in pubertal obese male rats
Authors: Guo Shujuan , Zheng Juan , Li Guimei
Published: November 2022

To investigate the effects of growth hormone (GH) on pubertal obese male rats, a rat model of high-fat diet-induced obesity was established in juvenile male rats. The model rats were divided into the treatment group (GH) and the non-treatment group (physiological saline). After 4 weeks, we measured the levels of alanine transaminase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TGs), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), estrogen (E2), testosterone (T), and insulin-like growth factor (IGF-1). The morphological changes of the liver and testis were assessed, and the expression of aromatase was detected. The levels of ALT, AST, TC, TG, LDL-C, E2, and IGF-1 in the treatment group were significantly lower than in the non-treated model rats (P < 0.001). The levels of HDL-C and T of GH-treated rats were significantly higher than those of the non-treatment group (P < 0.001). Compared with non-treated model rats, GH-treated model rats showed reduced liver steatosis, improved morphological structure of the testicular seminiferous tubules, and an increased number of spermatogenic cells. The treatment group also showed lower expression of aromatase in the liver and testis compared with the non-treatment group. GH partially protected pubertal male rats from obesity-induced lipid metabolic disorder and sexual retardation.
Register in corpus linguistics: the role and legacy of Douglas Biber
Authors: Conrad Susan
Published: November 2022

This article provides an overview of Douglas Biber’s work on register and his central role in establishing register as both an empirical focus and a theoretical construct in corpus linguistics. I identity four general phases of his work. Each has a slightly different emphasis, but each also advances intertwined threads of research that lead to an increased understanding of register variation. Biber’s work has made major contributions to distinct areas within the study of registers, from cross-linguistic speech-writing differences to English grammar, but he has advanced the field especially by integrating the findings from different areas. He has offered conceptualizations of register that account for findings from multiple areas of study, and he continues to refine the conceptualization as he engages in new lines of inquiry today.
Erotizing Nabokov’s Lolita in Arabic: How Translation Strategies Shift Themes and Characterization of Literary Works
Authors: Al Saideen Bassam , Haider Ahmad S. , Al-Abbas Linda S.
Published: November 2022

Given the conservative nature of Arab societies, Vladimir Nabokov’s English novel Lolita (1955) poses considerable challenges to Arab translators because of its pornographic nature and controversial themes: pedophilia, incest, and young teenage sex. This study mainly examines the translation of Lolita by Mola with occasional references to Jubaili’s translation of the novel. It also investigates the translation strategies employed by the two translators. The findings showed that Jubaili followed the literal approach of translation with no significant deviation from the novel’s themes and characterization. On the other hand, Mola dysphemized the expressions and eroticized the events, which were more euphemistic in the original. Mola’s utilization of some translation strategies such as omission, addition, and substitution affected the representation of the main characters, namely, Humbert (stepfather) and Lolita (stepdaughter), by shifting their roles as victim and victimizer, making Humbert’s actions less culpable, and removing any traces of Lolita’s innocence. In so doing, Mola reinforces sexual norms for young American women and diminishes the pedophile/incest angle. This study is significant, particularly within the context of translators’ training and for those interested in literary translation.
Improve the performance of solar thermal collectors by varying the concentration and nanoparticles diameter of silicon dioxide
Authors: Hasan Husam Abdulrasool , Sherza Jenan S. , Abed Azher M. , Sultan Hakim S. , Sopian Kamaruzzaman
Published: November 2022

The influence of different concentrations and nanoparticles’ diameter of silicon dioxide nanoparticles on the Nusselt number enhancement ratio and friction factor for solar thermal collector (STC) was examined numerically. The CFD model was designed to show the influence of the flow of water/SiO2 and pure water inside the pipe on the enhancement of the performance of the STC. Different concentrations of SiO2 nanoparticles are used (ϕ = 1–4%) with several nanoparticle diameters (dp = 20–50 nm). The water/SiO2 and pure water flow under different Reynolds numbers ranging from 5,000 to 30,000. The average Nusselt numbers Nuavg improved by increasing the Reynolds numbers for both fluids. The Nuavg increases with the increase in the concentration of SiO2 nanoparticles. The water/SiO2 with nanoparticle concentration of (ϕ = 5%) and nanoparticle diameter of (dp = 20 nm) has the highest Nusselt number. The Nuavg enhances 25% with water/SiO2 nanofluid flow at Re = 5,000 and 15% flow at Re = 30,000. It is noted that the skin friction factor decreases with the increase in the Reynolds number for both fluids. Water/SiO2 nanofluid has a higher skin friction factor than pure water. The Nuavg improved by 31% at the lowest Reynolds number by using water/SiO2 nanofluid as the working fluid with a change in the concentration of SiO2 nanoparticles from (ϕ = 1%) to (ϕ = 4%) and improved by 42% at the highest Reynolds number of 30,000. The decrease in the nanoparticle diameter led to an increase in the Nusselt number across all Reynolds numbers. The lowest size SiO2 nanoparticles (dp = 20 nm) provides the highest Nusselt number. The lowest size SiO2 nanoparticles (dp = 20 nm) provide the highest ratio of enhancement for the Nusselt number in STC. This investigation has confirmed that the flow of water/SiO2 with AL2O3 nanoparticles of 5% (diameter of 20 nm) has a significant influence on heat transfer enhancement to improve the thermal efficiency of STC.
Enhancement of evaporative cooling system in a green-house by geothermal energy
Authors: Essa Essa Ahmed , Kamil Qusay , Mohmmed Noah
Published: November 2022

Greenhouse is one of the most recent agricultural systems that provides an economic resource by increasing production and allowing crops to be grown all year. In Iraq, this approach encounters an impediment during the summer. As a result of the rapid rise in temperatures, greenhouses are becoming increasingly ineffective. In this season, it is unusable. A two-stage evaporative cooling system was used in this study, with one indirect evaporative cooling heat exchanger and three direct evaporative cooling pads. The performance of the proposed indirect–direct evaporative cooling (IDEC) unit with various settings was tested during the summer season in Kirkuk, with dry bulb temperatures ranging from 45 to 50°C. The results reveal that using groundwater increased the IDEC unit’s efficiency to 98.3%, compared to 67.5% when using direct evaporative cooling. When covering layers were used, solar intensity entering the greenhouse was lowered from 11.4% for a single layer to 28.4% for two layers with one layer of green mesh. In comparison to ambient circumstances and according to the parameters analyzed, the IDEC system employing groundwater results in a decrease in greenhouse temperature and an increase in greenhouse relative humidity. The IDEC unit was verified using TRANSYS software and experimental measurements from a test greenhouse. For the same ambient temperature, simulated and experimental findings revealed that the simulated temperature is lower than the experimental temperature. The percentage difference in greenhouse temperature between the TRANSYS simulation and experimental measurements reached a maximum of 9.43%.
Migraine management: Non-pharmacological points for patients and health care professionals
Authors: Haghdoost Faraidoon , Togha Mansoureh
Published: November 2022

Migraine is a highly prevalent disorder with an enormous burden on societies. Different types of medications are used for controlling both acute attacks and prevention. This article reviews some non-pharmacological recommendations aiming to manage migraine disorder better and prevent headache attacks. Different triggers of migraine headache attacks, including environmental factors, sleep pattern changes, diet, physical activity, stress and anxiety, some medications, and hormonal changes, are discussed. It is advised that they be identified and managed. Patients should learn the skills to cope with the trigger factors that are difficult to avoid. In addition, weight control, management of migraine comorbidities, lifestyle modification, behavioural treatment and biofeedback, patient education, using headache diaries, and improving patients’ knowledge about the disease are recommended to be parts of migraine management. In addition, using neuromodulation techniques, dietary supplements such as riboflavin, coenzyme Q10 and magnesium, and acupuncture can be helpful. Non-pharmacological approaches should be considered in migraine management. Furthermore, the combination of pharmacological and non-pharmacological approaches is more effective than using each separately.
Analisis Kualitas Suminagashi pada Kain Poliester Satin, Campuran Poliester, dan Crepe
Authors: Widyaningrum Afifah , Syamwil Rodia
Published: November 2022

Teknik marbling merupakan salah satu teknik pewarnaan yang memiliki potensi pengembangan yang sangat besar karena belum popular di masyarakat. Teknik marbling yang digunakan adalah suminagashi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kualitas motif marbling dan ketahanan luntur warna terhadap pencucian pada jenis kain poliester satin, campuran poliester dan crepe. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian eksperimen. Objek penelitian ini adalah jenis kain, zat warna dan pengental CMC. Pengujian kualitas motif marbling dan ketahanan luntur warna menggunakan uji organoleptik. Hasil analisis deskriptif menunjukkan bahwa kualitas motifÂ  marbling dengan kriteria baik adalah kain crepe. Ketiga jenis kain memiliki ketahanan luntur warna dengan kriteria baik. Simpulan dari penelitian ini adalah pewarnaan suminagashi memiliki kualitas motif marbling baik sampai sangat baik, ketahan luntur warna yang dihasilkan baik pada semua jenis kain. Saran dalam penelitian ini adalah mencetak motif marbling pada permukaan kain diperlukan ketelitian agar motif yang dibentuk tidak berubah.
Penerapan Manipulating fabric dengan Teknik Tucking pada Busana Pesta
Authors: Handayani Puspita , Ruhidawati Cucu
Published: November 2022

Tucking merupakan lipatan kain yang berfungsi untuk mengurangi ukuran kain, terkadang dibuat dalam satu atau dua arah, sebelum melipat perlu ditambahkan ukuran kain, setelah membuat lipatan dapat memvariasikan dengan beberapa metode tucks yang ada. Tucking hampir sama seperti pleats, yang membedakan adalah tucks pada bagian lipatan-lipatannya dijahit sehingga lipatan tersebut tidak bergerak. Tucking dapat menambahkan ketebalan atau volume pada kain. Tucking merupakan salah satu teknik manipulating fabric. Tucks sangat populer digunakan pada pertengahan abad 19, terutama pada kain linen atau katun untuk chemisette (hiasan pada bagian dada dan leher), blus, busana dalam, gaun musim panas, dan busana anak-anak. Metode yang digunakan dalam penulisan ini adalah Project Based Learning (PBL), metode pembelajaran berbasis proyek yang dalam kegiatan pemecahan masalah dengan cara merancang produk, melaksanakan pekerjaan produksi dan mengevaluasi produk hasil karya guna mendapatkan produk yang digunakan. Penerapan tucking pada busana pesta masih kurang digemari, dikarenakan minat konsumen yang jarang menggunakan busana pesta dengan teknik tucking. Undulating tucks dipilih dalam teknik pembuatan busana pesta ini karena bentuknya yang menyerupai gelombang air laut, hal tersebut pula yang menjadi sumber ide terciptanya busana pesta dengan teknik tucking.
Adaptasi Bunga Anggrek Bulan dengan Teknik Crochet sebagai Garniture pada Busana Pesta
Authors: Nabila Nabila , Astuti Astuti
Published: November 2022

Indonesia memiliki beragam spesies flora dan fauna. Salah satu fauna endemik Indonesia yang disenangi masyarakat yaitu Anggrek Bulan. Anggrek Bulan dijuluki sebagai “Puspa Pesona” dan menjadi salah satu bunga nasional Indonesia. Melihat pesona akan keindahan bunga Anggrek Bulan menjadikan Anggrek Bulan sebagai salah satu bunga nasional Indonesia, sangat disayangkan jika masih banyak generasi muda tidak mengetahuinya. Salah satu upaya dalam memperkenalkan bunga Anggrek Bulan kepada masyarakat umum dan khususnya kepada kaum milenial adalah dengan mengadapatasi bentuk bunga Anggrek Bulan agar bisa dikomunikasikan pada produk busana pesta.  Selain itu, pesona bunga Anggrek Bulan memiliki potensi untuk dijadikan ide dalam pembuatan busana pesta di Indonesia. Teknik yang digunakan dalam memvisualisasikan bentuk bunga Anggrek Bulan adalah teknik crochet. Karena pada perkembangannya teknik crochet banyak dijadikan teknik untuk membuat bentuk bunga . Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini yaitu metode kualitatif deskriptif. Penggunaan metode kualitatif deskriptif adalah upaya dalam memberikan gambaran pembuatan busana dengan mengadaptasi bentuk bunga Anggrek Bulan dengan teknik crochet. Busana yang dihasilkan adalah busana pesta siang dengan  pemilihan kain yang lembut, tidak berkilau serta mudah menyerap keringat. Model busana yang digunakan adalah long dress dengan lengan bishop dan menonjolkan bentuk bunga Anggrek Bulan dengan teknik crochet sebagai garniture yang diletakkan pada bagian depan busana. Pemilihan warna broken white menjadikan busana pesta siang dengan mengadaptasi bunga Anggrek Bulan dengan teknik crochet akan terlihat bersih, feminin dan elegant.
Impacto de la movilidad urbana en la calidad del aire de la zona metropolitana de San Luis Potosí, México.
Authors: Hernández Cerda Claudia Nalleli , Ávila Galarza Alfredo , Cerda Alonso Diana Gabriela
Published: November 2022

[Introduction]: The current urban mobility is producing a series of environmental conflicts noticed at a global level; most of these are linked to the use of motorized transport, responsible for energy consumption, the fragmentation and occupation of the territory due to the construction of roads, as well as noise and atmospheric pollution. Air quality is monitored in some cities of the world, but in Latin America, particularly in Mexico, the number of cities that attends this environmental affectation are the least amount, while the negative impacts on human health and ecosystems increase. The lack of data regarding air quality is due to the complexity of monitoring methods and the costs of their application. [Objective]: This publication presents a methodology formulated to quantify the emissions of some criteria pollutants and precursors (CO, NOx, SO2, VOC, PM10 and PM2.5) produced by the vehicle fleet that circulates in the Metropolitan Area of San Luis Potosí, México, [Methodology]: based on the analysis of the modal distribution of the population's daily trips, the analysis of vehicular activity and the calculation of emissions using the MOVES model. [Conclusions]: Identifying that motorized mobility contributes with the 56 % of the total criteria pollutant emissions and precursors generated by the mobile sources identified, so it is important to follow up on the analysis of air quality, make rational use of the car and promote policies for monitoring, control, and reduction of atmospheric pollution.
Baltìstikos platýbėse. Baltų kalbotyros straipsnių rinkinys, skirtas prof. Bonifaco Stundžios 70 metų jubiliejui
Authors: Navickaitė-Klišauskienė Agnė , Rinkevičius Vytautas , Sinkevičiūtė Daiva , Villanueva Svensson Miguel
Published: November 2022

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A few observations about the links between Lithuanian Calvinist texts and Prussian Lithuania
Authors: Kabašinskaitė Birutė
Published: November 2022

This article continues the research of the 19th-century Lithuanian Calvinist texts. A hypothesis was raised regarding the unusual structure of Mykolas Cerauskas Seanas katechismas (1803), i.e. the sequence of parts of the catechesis. This sequence could have been determined by the 18th-century catechism compiler (whose work was taken over by Cerauskas) relying on the first catechism of Jan Seklucjan, published in East Prussia, or perhaps the traditional structure of early German catechisms (the works of Georg Major), which was closely related to the education of children in the late Middle Ages. Another Calvinist work is even more closely related to Prussian Lithuania and children’s education – the primer ABC knigeła (1861). It was detected that it was not an original work, but a text (a small fragment) taken from Friedrich Kurschat’s (1841) publication of the translation of the catechism and its comments prepared by Johann Gottlieb Weiß. The primer cannot be considered solely borrowed from the Prussian Lithuanian Lutheran writings, because the Calvinist editor made numerous spelling and lexical corrections, which brought it very close to the Calvinist writing tradition. In the middle of the 19th century, there were more Calvinist publications, whose authors included the texts of the Lutherans of Prussian Lithuania that were rearranged in their own way.
Prosody of F. W. Haack’s dictionary
Authors: Rinkevičius Vytautas
Published: November 2022

The article deals with the notation of prosodic features of Lithuanian words in F. W. Haack’s Lithuanian-German and German-Lithuanian dictionary (1730). First, the place of stress (in some cases also tone) is shown by Haack’s diacritical marks. Second, in some cases the place of stress is indirectly reflected by orthographic devices used to mark vowel quantity, e.g., the use of two different letters  and  for the long vowel y or the use of double consonants to mark the brevity of the preceding vowel. Finally, a separate valuable source of data for Lithuanian historical accentology is constituted by hand-written diacritical marks placed above some words in the copy of the dictionary held at Vilnius University Library.
The ā-stem genitive singular in Old Prussian
Authors: Villanueva Svensson Miguel
Published: November 2022

Root stress in the Old Prussian ā-stem gen. sg. ālg-as was taken from the homonymous o-stem gen. sg. deiw-as (Lith. lángo, Sl. *vȏrna). This analogy took place after the reshuffling of the Balto-Slavic o-stem gen. sg. *-ā as *-ās in the prehistory of Old Prussian. The shortening *-ās > -as was most probably conditioned by the fact that this ending was always unstressed.
Baltic *kalu̯ā “hill”
Authors: Blažek Václav
Published: November 2022

The purpose of this contribution is to separate Baltic *kalu̯ā “hill” from Baltic *kalnas “mountain” and to connect it with Indo-Aryan *kū́lva-, Iranian *karu̯a- „thin-haired“; Greek *κόλϝος “docked, hornless”; Italic *kalau̯o- & *kalau̯ā “bald (head)”, and the Pre-Romance oronym *kalauos, besides the Gaulish cognomen calaua. The semantic shift from “bald” to “hill” is supported by numerous examples of “bald hills”.
What has not yet been said about Prussian proper names in Polish lands
Authors: Blažienė Grasilda
Published: November 2022

The research of historical proper names reveals the necessity to emphasize and link the cultural, social and political aspects that play a role in the development of onyms. It should be noted that the language and the names of inhabited settlements reflecting it developed within a certain single system of life, which can be divided only hypothetically. The oikonymy of the extinct language, when viewed as the development of linguistic phenomena, should be addressed from a systematic perspective. It is impossible to draw the line that would divide the starting point and the end point of the development of historical proper names. The rich empirical data, mostly coming from historical manuscript sources, show an ongoing process. We cannot tell the exact date when the Old Prussian language became extinct. However, it is clear that the Old Prussian names of inhabited settlements outlived the language and were more resistant to the processes of Germanization and Polonization than it has been thought to this day. Linguistic, social and cultural phenomena occur in the same domain and are mutually dependent. Politics has the power to change the name. The replacement of some of East Prussia’s native toponyms with Russian ones is a sad proof of that power put into practice. Nevertheless, some indigenous toponyms had enough strength to survive. The dimension of historical time has been introduced to the research and the significance of change for the survival of Old Prussian proper names in the processes of Germanization and Polonization has been highlighted. Polish onomasticians also study the extralinguistic meaning of onyms through the heritage of the Teutonic Order, as onyms are the witnesses of history in the environment of language contacts. The monumental work of Polish researchers Nazwy miejscowe Polski (Eng. Polish Place Names) is also noteworthy, however, the material that is included or excluded occasionally poses quite a few questions for the researchers of Old Prussian proper names. The article discusses more interesting cases of Old Prussian oikonymy on the territory of present-day Poland.
The role of frequency in language acquisition: input-output relationship
Authors: Dabašinskienė Ineta
Published: November 2022

Children acquire the language system very fast and rather easily due to their sensitivity to lexical and grammatical structures and their distribution. Additionally, a stable distribution of linguistic structures in the input could help children to recognize these structures. We are aware of the fact that in many languages children start with nouns followed by verbs, therefore the distribution of the main parts of speech could signal important information about the syntactic structure of the early child speech.

The primary aim of this study is to investigate the frequency distribution of parts of speech in child speech and input in Lithuanian. The analysis focuses on nouns, verbs, adjectives, adverbs, and pronouns, as these are the main elements constructing the syntactic relations of the utterance. The Lithuanian corpora have been studied that included the data of two children of different sex and their input. The main findings come from the analysis of the data of approximately one year (from the age of 1;7 to 2;8) and demonstrate an interesting result: a high degree of stability in the distribution of the target categories in the input data and a close correlation between input and output in later stages of children’s language development.
Žurnalo „Taikomoji kalbotyra“ dešimtmetis. Publikacijų apžvalga
Authors: Ramonienė Meilutė , Geben Kinga
Published: November 2022

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REMITTANCES TO LDCS: CURSE OR PANACEA?
Authors: Rodríguez Ennio
Published: November 2022

Las remesas reducen directamente la pobreza de los hogares receptores, estimulan el aumento de sus gastos en educación y salud, les proven un seguro contra shocks adversos, y financian sus inversiones en vivienda y capital. Sin embargo, no se centran en los países más pobres o los hogares y regiones geográficas más pobres, dado que los costos de la migración parecen discriminar en contra de los más pobres, y los entornos de los beneficiarios son clave para maximizar su potencial de desarrollo. Por lo tanto, las remesas no son ni un sustituto de la asistencia para el desarrollo, la condonación de deudas, ni de las políticas públicas dirigidas a las familias y las regiones pobres, sino que pueden ser un complemento útil. La ayuda al desarrollo y las políticas públicas pueden ser importantes para obtener los beneficios potenciales de las remesas, estas intervenciones se pueden realizar en los niveles macro, meso y micro. Las remesas pueden ser utilizadas para asegurar el acceso a los mercados financieros a través de: titularización de flujos futuros de remesas, y la organización de préstamos sindicados de mediano a largo plazo basado en las remesas futuras.
EL EMPLEO INFORMAL EN COSTA RICA: CARACTERÍSTICAS DE LOS OCUPADOS Y SUS PUESTOS DE TRABAJO
Authors: Jiménez Francisco Delgado
Published: November 2022

El objetivo principal de este artículo consiste en determinar, por medio de un modelo con variable dependiente dicotómica, las características de los trabajadores con una incidencia mayor a tener un empleo informal. Se analiza la dinámica del mercado de trabajo por medio de las Encuestas Continuas de Empleo, a partir de las cuales se determinó que el empleo informal tiene una tendencia creciente en los últimos trimestres que se estudian. Un mayor nivel de informalidad se asocia con puestos de trabajo no permanentes y trabajos ocasionales. Además, el modelo logit estimado sugiere que ser mujer, no ser jefe de hogar, tener más edad y vivir en la zona rural, son condiciones que aumentan la probabilidad de contar con un empleo informal. Por el contrario, un mayor nivel educativo, lo cual está también asociado a actividades profesionales u ocupaciones calificadas, implica una menor probabilidad de tener un empleo informal.
Ildikó Enyedi: Testről és lélekről •
Authors: Müller-Funk Wolfgang
Published: November 2022

This article is about Ildiko Enyedi's film “Testről és lélekről”. It proposes a semiotic analyse. Its thematic frame is a theory of the fantastic literature and film and refers to Tzvetan Todorov (part 1). Following Roand Barthes “S/Z” it discusses the codes in the film, the sequences and spaces in the film (part 2). In the next part the composition of the film comes into play (e. g. repetition, analogy). The fourth part is dedicated to the uncanny and fantastic element that are created by a lack of knowledge about the world in the and the figures of the movy. The article refers to Freud's “Traumdeutung”. Part 5 analyses the funktion of silence in the film on several levels (level of narrating, communication of the figures in the film). The film is seen in a post-romantic tradition which is in-written in “classical modernism”.
The remembrance of dismembered bodies
Authors: Ellrod Bryan
Published: November 2022

For nearly three decades, the United States has pursued a border security strategy that has precipitated the deaths of thousands of migrants. Most of these deaths transpire unseen in remote stretches of the Sonoran Desert, where individuals are reduced to disarticulated bones. Endeavoring to overcome political indifference to these deaths, religious leaders, artists, and activists have joined in public works of mourning. These works strive to lend visibility to an otherwise invisible crisis and to grieve otherwise ungrieved lives. Thus, they usher the dead back into the polis and confound the boundaries between insiders and outsiders. However, the effort to re-present the dead runs the risk of making a spectacle out of the violence perpetrated against migrant bodies, inuring us to their witness or, worse, eliciting a perverse enjoyment. This article seeks first to offer a theological justification for political acts of mourning, before going on to articulate a strategy for resisting the dangers implicit in the remembrance of dismembered bodies.
Physiotherapists’ perceptions of implementing STarT Back in New Zealand: A thematic analysis of focus group data
Authors: Chapple Cathy M. , McKenna Claudia , Hill Julia , Ellis Richard , Reid Duncan , Mani Ramakrishnan , Tumilty Steve , Baxter G. David
Published: November 2022

STarT Back is a stratified care approach to identify and manage psycho-social factors for persisting low back pain and associated disability. A STarT Back course was held at the School of Physiotherapy, University of Otago, in June 2019, introducing a small cohort of physiotherapists (n = 20) to the approach, including psychologically informed interventions. The study aim was to gain insight into these physiotherapists’ perceptions of the feasibility of implementing STarT Back in their own practice and more widely in New Zealand. Semi-structured focus group interviews were conducted with 14 physiotherapists who attended the training course and had subsequently used STarT Back to different extents in their own practice. Data were analysed using reflexive thematic analysis. Six themes were identified: confidence in current practice; STarT Back as a useful framework; concerns over the low-risk group; difficulties in translation; education is essential; and behaviour change. The need for behaviour change was a unifying theme with interpretation aided by the Capability, Opportunity, and Motivation Behaviour (COM-B) model. Practical suggestions to enhance implementation were made, with participants identifying strategies that promoted use of STarT Back in their practice. Issues identified included concerns about care for low-risk patients, health system structure and funding, and resistance to changing usual practice. Participants were cautious about the feasibility of wider implementation of STarT Back in New Zealand.
Insights about instructional design features of an interprofessional education initiative involving clinical reasoning with physiotherapy and medicine students
Authors: Kennedy Ewan , Anakin Megan
Published: November 2022

Interprofessional education aims to prepare students in health professional programmes for collaborative practice. Because of its ubiquity in healthcare, clinical reasoning can be used as a vehicle for designing interprofessional education initiatives. However, little is known about how design features of interprofessional education initiatives involving clinical reasoning are experienced by students from different professions. This evaluation study aimed to identify design features from feedback provided by students from two health professions after participating in an interprofessional education workshop involving clinical reasoning. Content analysis was used to analyse written responses from 88 fourth-year undergraduate medicine and physiotherapy students (80% response rate). Eight design features were identified and three of them were represented disproportionately when professions were compared. More medicine students requested practice presenting cases, whereas more physiotherapy students suggested emphasis on management reasoning and expressed appreciation for exchanging professional perspectives and working collaboratively. Features common to both groups of students were requests for a greater focus on case discussions, guidance about how to think about case information, explanations about how to apply knowledge to the cases, more demonstrations of how experienced clinicians think, and opportunities to learn how to be open to possibilities and consider the bigger picture. These insights can be used by educators when they design interprofessional education initiatives featuring clinical reasoning.
Research Challenges Concerning Employees Doing Enforced Remote Work
Authors: Wojtkowiak Grzegorz , Skowron-Mielnik Beata , Gołembski Marcin
Published: November 2022

Objective: To identify the research challenges faced by scientists and practitioners looking for effective solutions to address the behaviour of employees required to work remotely.Research Design & Methods: Literature review and analysis, the results of surveys and thematic workshops with groups of managers.Findings: A definition of enforced remote work and an indication of proposed research areas and methodological limitations.Implications / Recommendations: The article adopts a thesis about the significant difference between the conditions affecting the way employees work: during remote work and during enforced (unplanned) remote work. In addition to the attempt to characterise and organise the conditions influencing the behaviour of employees doing enforced remote work, the article identifies practical challenges which managers managing remote employees face.Contribution: The authors formulate future research challenges in the area of employee management tools used for enforced remote work and hybrid work, and in the search for a relationship between the conditions of such work and its effectiveness.
Misja i wartości jako instytucja wewnętrznej architektury przedsiębiorstwa
Authors: Kamosiński Sławomir
Published: November 2022

Objective: The aim of the research is to analyse the attitudes of entrepreneurs towards the importance of a company mission and values. Sources of inspiration for entrepreneurs were searched for in the implementation of this intangible element of the company’s internal architecture. The impact of the mission and values on the sustainability of economic organisations is discussed.Research Design & Methods: The goal was achieved on the basis of qualitative research in the form of interviews conducted among entrepreneurs from the micro, small and medium-sized enterprise sector. During the interviews, entrepreneurs were given the opportunity to speak freely. The calls were recorded in the years 2017–2019 and 2020–2021.Findings: Entrepreneurs often accept their company’s mission and values as part of its legacy. These aspects of the business are often a natural outgrowth of the process of taking over a family business from the previous generation. Some entrepreneurs consider them to be a “sentimental” factor that disturbs business, and therefore dismiss them as an unnecessary burden. Despite this, the mission and values are evident in these companies, and implemented and honored through developed rules of conduct. In the second group of companies, these intangible elements of the company’s internal architecture are implemented under the influence of external factors that result from the need to enrich the company’s marketing message.Implications / Recommendations: The results of the research lead to the conclusion that, in the light of consumer awareness of the need to respect Earth’s resources, entrepreneurs accept their company’s mission and values as an intangible element supporting the efficiency of managing today and contributing to the future.Contribution: The research supplements the disciplines of economics, finance, and management and quality science with its analysis of the intangible (cultural) factor of internal company architecture.
Изменение цитокинового профиля капиллярной и венозной крови больных псориазом в зависимости от лечения
Authors: Сенникова Светлана Валерьевна , Топтыгина Анна Павловна , Колобов Алексей Александрович , Симбирцев Андрей Семенович
Published: November 2022

РЕЗЮМЕ. Псориаз – хроническое аутоиммунное заболевание кожи, с вовлечением Т-клеточного звена иммунитета. Цитокиновая ось интерлейкин (IL)-23/IL-17/IL-22 является ключевой в иммунопатогенезе псориаза. Показана роль подсемейства IL-36, регулирующего воспаление в коже. Для лечения псориаза используют топические препараты. Цель работы: изучение изменений в цитокиновом профиле венозной и капиллярной крови, взятой вблизи очага псориатического воспаления в зависимости от лечения топическими препаратами. Обследованы 40 пациентов с диагнозом псориаз, средний возраст 43,7 лет, Группа 1а (20 чел.) получала местное лечение мометазоном, Группа 1б (20 чел.) получала местно гель, содержащий  рецепторный антагонист IL-36.  20 здоровых, средний возраст 46,6 года, составили контрольную группу 2. Капиллярную кровь собирали из пальца кисти, у больных рядом с очагом поражения 200 мкл в микровету с ЭДТА. Венозную кровь отбирали из локтевой вены 3 мл в вакуумную пробирку с ЭДТА. Концентрацию 15-и цитокинов в плазме крови тестировали мультиплексным методом (MagPix, BioRad, США). Эффективность терапии оценивали с помощью индексов PASI и DLQI. На момент окончания лечения (14-й день) в обеих группах индексы PASI и DLQI значимо снизились. На 28-й день индекс PASI в Группе 1а вернулся к исходному уровню, в группе 1б остался стабильно сниженным. До лечения в капиллярной крови больных псориазом уровни всех цитокинов кроме IL-10 были значимо повышены по сравнению с Группой 2, в венозной крови были повышены уровни 5-и цитокинов. Через 14 дней в Группе 1а в капиллярной крови значимо снизились уровни IL-1, IL-4, IL-6, IL-21, IL-22, IL-23, IL-25, IL-33, а в венозной крови – только IL-17F, IL-21, IL-33 и TNF. На 28-й день концентрации практически всех цитокинов вернулись к исходному уровню. В Группе 1б на 14-й день в капиллярной крови значимо снизились уровни IFN-γ, IL-1, IL-4, IL-17F, IL-21, IL-22, IL-23, IL-25, IL-33, а в венозной крови – IFN-γ, IL-21, IL-22, IL-23, IL-33. На 28-й день продолжалось снижение концентрации, либо сохранялся сниженный уровень указанных цитокинов, в вене значимо снизился IL-6. Таким образом, метод определения профиля цитокинов капиллярной крови из зоны псориатического поражения можно использовать для мониторинга эффекта лечения у больных псориазом.
Leptospirosis in Vietnam
Authors: Tokarevich N. K. , Blinova O. V.
Published: November 2022

Leptospirosis poses a serious public health problem in many countries because about 1 million people suffer annually from this severe, often fatal, infection. At present, its importance has been increasing due to development of integration processes, globalization and intensification of economic activities, inevitable anthropogenic transformation of landscapes as well as rise in number of people with occupational risk of pathogen exposure. The burden of human leptospirosis is expected to rise with demographic shifts and climate change that result in heavy rainfall and flooding. Regarding leptospirosis, Southeast Asia, including Vietnam, is among the most vulnerable global regions. The objective of the review was to analyze available published data on the spread of leptospirosis in Vietnam. More than 100 research articles were analyzed allowing to state that in Vietnam synanthropic rodents (rats), agricultural (buffaloes, cattle, pigs) and domestic animals (cats, dogs) are the main sources of leptospirosis infection in humans. It is essential that rats (cats and dogs also) in Vietnam are used for food. Among all farm animals, pigs are of maximal importance as a source of infection in humans. In Vietnam, Leptospira prevalence in pigs varies widely, up to 73%. It depends significantly on the location, farm size, age and gender of animals, etc. A large variety of Leptospira serovars have been identified in pigs in Vietnam: Tarassovi, Bratislava, Australis, Javanica, Autumnalis, Grippotyphosa, and some others. Official Vietnam reporting of leptospirosis cases based on clinical data does not reflect the real-life incidence rate in humans. However, the available seroprevalence studies reveal that, on average, about 10% of the Vietnamese population are infected with Leptospira. Work in agriculture is the dominant risk factor for acquiring this infection. The highest Leptospira seroprevalence rates were detected in farmers, 63.2%. Serovar diversity is typical for pathogenic Leptospira circulating in Vietnam. In humans, the most frequent are antibodies to Hebdomadis, Wolffi and Icterohaemorrhagiae, but the frequency varied markedly across the country depending on the site, possibly with relation to the environment, as well as with economic activity of the local population. In Vietnam, geographic, climatic and social differences between northern, central and southern regions contribute to the specificity of local leptospirosis epidemiology. This emphasizes the advisability of developing special measures for leptospirosis prevention taking into account regional peculiarities.
Microbiological monitoring of nasal lavage fluid as a method for early detection and prevention of bacterial lung complications in a patient with cystic fibrosis
Authors: Kondratenko Olga V. , Lyamin A. V. , Ereshchenko A. A. , Antipov V. A.
Published: November 2022

The severity of complications in cystic fibrosis are determined by microorganisms colonizing the lower airways. Paranasal sinuses can be a reservoir of aggressive pathogens. We have developed a method for collection and primary inoculation of nasal lavage fluid from cystic fibrosis patients for microbiological investigation. As a clinical case illustrating the feasibility of this technique, we describe the dynamics of the microflora composition in a patient with cystic fibrosis. The patient had a clinical and microbiological picture of P. aeruginosa eradication from the lung tissue, owing to which the antibacterial therapy was stopped. Six months later, the microflora in the nasal lavage fluid and sputum were assessed in parallel. The growth of P. aeruginosa (102 CFU/mL) but not P. aeruginosa in sputum was detected. To determine origin of this strain, the degree of genetic relationship between 5 strains obtained from the patient from 2008 to 2016 was assessed based on bacterial protein profiling. A typical strain of P. aeruginosa ATTS 27853 was used as a control. Strains isolated from the patient in 2009 and 2016 were identical suggesting that the antibacterial therapy led to eradication of P. aeruginosa in the lungs, but not in the upper airways. Four months later, the growth of P. aeruginosa was found in sputum. The patient was prescribed to use antibacterial drugs inhaled into paranasal sinuses. Repeated test performed 3 months later resulted in growth of P. aeruginosa 101 CFU/mL from nasal lavage fluid, but not from sputum. The patient was referred to a risk group on airway colonization by pathogen strains derived from the upper airway tract. The clinical example illustrates relevance of conducting a regular microbiological study of nasal lavage fluid in order to early identify clinically significant pathogens to prevent their spread to the lower airway tract.
Predictive value of specific cytokines for lethal COVID-19 outcome
Authors: Arsentieva N. A. , Liubimova N. E. , Batsunov O. K. , Korobova Z. R. , Kuznetsova R. N. , Rubinstein A. A. , Stanevich O. V. , Lebedeva A. A. , Vorobyev E. A. , Vorobieva S. V. , Kulikov A. N. , Gavrilova E. G. , Pevtcov D. E. , Polushin Yu. S. , Shlyk I. V. , Totolian A. A.
Published: November 2022

In our study, we aimed to evaluate the significance of specific cytokines in blood plasma as predictive markers of COVID-associated mortality. Materials and methods. In plasma samples of 29 patients with PCR-confirmed COVID-19 we measured the concentrations of 47 molecules. These molecules included: interleukins and selected pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-1, IL-1, IL-2, IL-3, IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, IL-7, IL-9, IL-12 (p40), IL-12 (p70), IL 13, IL-15, IL-17A/CTLA8, IL-17-E/IL-25, IL-17F, IL-18, IL-22, IL-27, IFN2, IFN, TNF, TNF/Lymphotoxin-(LTA)); chemokines (CCL2/MCP-1, CCL3/MIP-1, CCL4/MIP-1, CCL7/MCP-3, CCL11/Eotaxin, CCL22/MDC, CXCL1/GRO, CXCL8/IL-8, CXCL9/MIG, CXCL10/IP-10, CX3CL1/Fractalkine); anti-inflammatory cytokines (IL-1Ra, IL-10); growth factors (EGF, FGF-2/FGF-basic, Flt-3 Ligand, G-CSF, M-CSF, GM-CSF, PDGF-AA, PDGFAB/BB, TGF, VEGF-A); and sCD40L. We used multiplex analysis based on xMAP technology (Luminex, USA) using Luminex MagPix. As controls, we used plasma samples of 20 healthy individuals. Based on the results, we applied Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) analysis and Area Under Curve (AUC) values to compare two different predictive tests and to choose the optimal division point for disease outcome (survivors/non-survivors). To find optimal biomarker combinations, we as used cytokines concentrations as dependent variables to grow a regression tree using JMP 16 Software.Results. Out of 47 studied cytokines/chemokines/growth factors, we picked four pro-inflammatory cytokines as having high significance in evaluation of COVID-19 outcome: IL-6, IL-8, IL-15, and IL-18. Based on the results received, we assume that the highest significance in terms of predicting the outcome of acute COVID-19 belongs to IL-6 and IL-18. Conclusion. Analyzing concentrations of IL-6 and IL-18 before administering treatment may prove valuable in terms of outcome prognosis.
Static and dynamic mechanical analyses of E-glass–polyester composite used in mass transit system
Authors: Ojha Somanath , Bisaria Himanshu , Mohanty Smita , Kanny Krishnan
Published: November 2022

Composite materials have distinct properties such as a high strength-to-weight ratio, high corrosion resistance, a high modulus-to-weight ratio and wear resistance. The potential, strong mechanical properties and lower cost of E-glass fiber motivated the authors to carry out this work. Tensile, flexural and Izod impact tests were used in the current study to conduct a static analysis of an E-glass-reinforced isophthalic polyester composite and an E-glass-reinforced general-purpose (GP) or orthophthalic polyester composite. The thermal–mechanical behavior was investigated using thermogravimetric analysis and dynamic mechanical analysis tests. Furthermore, the surface morphology of the tested composites was examined using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). When compared with the E-glass-reinforced GP polyester composite, the E-glass–isophthalic polyester composite demonstrated superior flexural properties and thermal stability. However, the tensile and impact properties of the E-glass–GP polyester composite were found to be higher than those of the E-glass–isophthalic polyester composite. SEM images show fiber pullout, matrix cracking and fiber breakage, among other things. The loss modulus and damping values of the E-glass-reinforced GP polyester composite were found to be greater than those of the E-glass-reinforced isophthalic polyester composite. The current composite can be used in marine applications, particularly the hull frame or body of the boat.
Overview of Lithium Disilicate as a restorative material in dentistry
Authors: Streit Günther , Sykes Leanne
Published: November 2022

Lithium disilicate was first introduced to the dental field as an indirect restorative material in 1998. It was marketed under the name IPS Empress 2, and was intended for use with press technology. It was later replaced by modified versions including IPS e.max® Press and IPS e.max® CAD. Newer versions have since emerged,namely Amber Mill GC Initial and CEREC Tesseratwo.The latter has part crystal composition of lithium disilicate,embedded in a glassy zirconia matrix. The CAD versionis provided in a meta-silicate state, characterised by40% platelet-shaped lithium meta-silicate crystals and aglassy matrix that is bluish in colour. To obtain the desired lithium disilicate structure and tooth shades, a process ofcrystallization is required. This involves firing at 840 °C,for 25 minutes. The resulting glass-ceramic material has the benefit of providing maximum aesthetic translucency along with good fracture resistance of about 2MPa, and mechanical strength of 360MPa. Developments in the all-ceramic dental materials have led to improvements in their physical properties and aesthetic appeal, leading to a substantial increase in their clinical use. This paper present a review of lithium disilicate with particular reference to its chemical composition, aesthetic versatility, and durability for use in crowns, veneers, and implant retained restorations. It also covers the recommended techniques prescribed to ensure predictable bonding and cementation. An electronic literature search on the use of lithium disilicate in dentistry was carried out using EBSCOhost search engine. This included all papers relating to its use for conventional veneers, crowns and bridge work, for CAD/CAM restorations, dentine bonding procedures and luting agents. It covered all papers published in peer reviewed journals from 1988 to 2021. The review indicates that lithium disilicate can be a useful and versatile material in dentistry providing it is handled correctly and the recommended tooth and restoration surface preparations and bonding procedures are carried out. The latter involves tooth etching and silane treatment of the fitting surfaces of restorations prior to cementation to improve adhesion and fracture resistance.
Editorial
Authors: Graf Maiorov Roy E
Published: November 2022

Editorial