bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
La question du patrimoine au Québec. État des lieux et mise en perspective
Authors: Bergeron Yves
Published: April 2012

Cet article esquisse en première partie un bilan des effets du rapport Arpin sur le patrimoine au Québec. Ce rapport présenté à la ministre de la Culture devait conduire à une refonte de la loi sur les biens culturels. Bien que le Gouvernement du Québec tarde encore à adopter le projet de loi 82 sur le patrimoine, les universités et les centres de recherche se sont structurés depuis le dépôt du rapport en 2000, renouvelant le discours sur le patrimoine et proposant une lecture pluridisciplinaire. L’auteur démontre que la question du patrimoine revient périodiquement depuis 1944 et suscite de nouveaux questionnements à l’égard de ces objets matériels et immatériels qui servent en quelque sorte à définir l’identité nationale. À la lumière de la dernière enquête menée par l’Observatoire de la culture et des communications du Québec sur l’univers du patrimoine, l’article démontre que le patrimoine n’est plus simplement une affaire de culture, mais que les législations qui encadrent sa reconnaissance et sa mise en valeur en font un enjeu politique fondamental.
Apport de l’étude de la performance à la compréhension d’une pratique musicale
Authors: Pichette Marie-Hélène
Published: April 2012

La musique gwoka de Guadeloupe se compose de trois éléments indissociables : le chant, le tambour et la danse. Pour tenter de comprendre cette pratique musicale, l’ethnomusicologue ne peut se limiter à une simple analyse de la structure sonore, il doit prendre en considération tous les éléments qui entourent la pratique musicale, tels le contexte sociohistorique, la danse et la participation du public. L’étude du gwoka en tant que performance permet de montrer l’interaction entre ces diverses composantes.
Techno-imaginaires du corps à l’ère des technosciences. Art contemporain et utopie de la transformation
Authors: Maestrutti Marina
Published: April 2012

Le récit, l’oeuvre d’art, la performance participent de la « mise en culture » des technosciences en en fournissant des clés de lecture, de réflexion, de provocation. La caractéristique de la technoscience est surtout la création d’un « techno-imaginaire » qui, de manière très significative, semble se développer autour du corps comme lieu d’exercice, d’expérimentation, de mutation du vivant et de l’organique et aussi comme lieu de construction d’une identité aux possibilités inédites. L’article se propose d’analyser la relation entre certaines tendances de l’art contemporain et les utopies du corps qui sont à la base des pratiques de l’amélioration humaine, des perspectives transhumanistes, de l’idéologie des technologies convergentes. Entre fascination du corps en devenir et visions « subversives » de la modification proposées par certains artistes contemporains, les possibilités de « créer une nouvelle vision morale » du posthumanisme restent entièrement ouvertes.
De Socialisme 64 à Socialisme québécois ou l’invention du marxisme au Québec
Authors: Angenot Marc , Gagné Tremblay Tanka
Published: April 2012

À partir du dépouillement de la revue Socialisme (1964-1974), cet article propose d’examiner où et comment, à travers la mutation discursive qui s’y effectue au fil des numéros, apparaissent graduellement dans le discours dominant de la gauche québécoise les traces d’un discours marxiste proprement québécois susceptible de répondre de la question nationale. Il s’agit de comprendre comment l’invention d’un marxisme québécois, au plus fort de la fièvre révolutionnaire des décennies 1960 et 1970, soumis aux aléas d’une horde d’excitateurs syndicalistes et réformistes en crise identitaire, a pu paraître salutaire et sympathique à la bonne résolution de la question québécoise.
La lexicographie et l’analyse de corpus : nouvelles perspectives
Authors: Bertels Ann , Verlinde Serge
Published: April 2012

L’objectif du présent article est de montrer comment les descriptions lexicographiques traditionnelles peuvent être enrichies à partir des nouvelles techniques d’analyse et d’exploitation de corpus. Nous étudions des verbes dénotant la notion de hausse, en anglais, en français et en néerlandais, et à cet effet, nous procédons à des analyses de corpus parallèles et de corpus monolingues ciblés. Les corpus parallèles fournissent des indications sur la fréquence d’emploi et sur l’équivalence des traductions. Ces données quantitatives sont soumises à des analyses MDS (MultiDimensional Scaling ou positionnement multidimensionnel) afin d’établir les profils de traduction des verbes. Les corpus monolingues ciblés permettent d’affiner ces informations et de relever les collocatifs pertinents, afin de montrer les propriétés combinatoires des verbes. Les résultats des différentes analyses de corpus, en termes de profils de traduction et de profils combinatoires, contiennent des indications précieuses pour enrichir les descriptions lexicographiques traditionnelles des dictionnaires de traduction. La méthodologie et les résultats des analyses de corpus, ainsi que les défis pour la lexicographie, seront exposés.
Les corpus publicitaires : nouvelles approches et méthodes pour le traducteur
Authors: Guidère Mathieu
Published: April 2012

Il y a quelques années, la constitution et l’exploitation des corpus publicitaires n’étaient pas une tâche aisée, mais la généralisation de l’internet comme outil de communication sociale, commerciale et institutionnelle a révolutionné ce champ d’études en rendant accessibles des sources d’information riches et variées. Les messages publicitaires sont désormais accessibles en ligne et en plusieurs langues, sur un même site web. Ils forment un corpus virtuel, multilingue et intersémiotique, offrant des textes parallèles et simultanés. Cette accessibilité autorise le traducteur à envisager de nouvelles approches et méthodes d’analyse. Tout d’abord, pour la constitution même des corpus d’étude, l’internet offre aujourd’hui la possibilité de réunir en un temps record des corpus multilingues et multimédias sans équivalent. Ensuite, pour leur exploitation, la comparaison des éléments constitutifs de ces corpus offre de nouvelles méthodes de recherche qui permettent d’envisager le traducteur comme un véritable communicateur. Enfin, en ce qui concerne la conceptualisation, une approche interdisciplinaire de ces corpus ouvre des perspectives inédites en matière d’études traductologiques et communicationnelles. Nous aborderons ces différents niveaux d’analyse en partant d’études de cas réalisées à une décennie d’intervalle à partir de corpus publicitaires multilingues. Notre objectif est d’expliquer l’évolution qui s’est opérée ces dernières années dans le domaine de la traduction publicitaire et de montrer l’intérêt d’une approche diachronique des corpus pour la traductologie.
On Going Beyond the Literal: Translating Metaphorical Conceptualizations in Financial Discourse
Authors: Nicaise Laurent
Published: April 2012

This article, through a bilingual French-Dutch corpus, looks at how identical financial-economic concepts are articulated distinctively in the two language communities. The article shows that understanding why an author makes a particular (metaphorical) choice in the lexical repertoire of the discipline could provide language learners and translators with knowledge that will foster their understanding of financial-economic discourse and raise their awareness of ideological, pragmatic and cognitive differences between languages in the role of metaphors. The data indicate that a corpus analysis may contribute to explaining the impact of culture and other communication variables on the lexical realizations of financial-economic concepts in the press.
Fantasies of Immediacy, or, the Boundaries of the Book in Eighteenth Century Travel Narratives
Authors: Buschmeier Matthias
Published: April 2012

This article explores a structural shift in techniques of representation in eighteenth-century travel literature as a reaction to the changing needs of cameralist governance, one in which space is no longer grasped as enyclopedic and all-encompassing. Instead of being understood as static territory, space is increasingly represented as a dynamic and continually updatable dataset. As a consequence, travel literature itself goes in search of new representational modes appropriate to this new understanding of space. And as I show, the medium of the book becomes increasingly problematic in this regard. As early modern travel literature (ars Apodemica) largely splits in the eighteenth century into statistics and geography on the one hand and literary travel experiences on the other, each of these categories requires new forms of mediation for their successful presentation. Common to both, however, remains a desire to communicate an immediacy of perception through representation. Taking Friedrich Nicolai’s Beschreibung einer Reise durch Deutschland und die Schweiz im Jahre 1781 as my primary example, I show how the medium of the book arrives at its own media boundary, one whose transgression necessarily results in failure because it can no longer account for an epistemological divide that has already transpired. This difference has far-reaching implications for the place of the book within the humanistic sciences today.
La reconfiguration de l’espace mondial et les stratégies de localisation des firmes multinationales
Authors: Colovic Ana , Mayrhofer Ulrike
Published: April 2012

L’accélération du processus de globalisation a conduit les firmes multinationales à réviser leurs stratégies de localisation. Les auteurs de cet article montrent que les changements effectués se traduisent par une plus forte dispersion géographique des activités et la fragmentation de la chaîne de valeur. Trois questions clés liées aux décisions de localisation dans un espace mondial élargi sont plus spécifiquement développées : les bénéfices de la co-localisation, les déterminants de la localisation et l’attractivité des territoires.
La légitimation discursive des stratégies de localisation à l’international : une étude de cas comparée de deux groupes agroalimentaires français
Authors: Sergot Bertrand , Claret Nathalie
Published: April 2012

Les firmes multinationales (FMN) font face à une contestation publique croissante de leurs stratégies de localisation. Cette contestation, qui s’appuie notamment sur la mobilisation du terme délocalisation, incite leurs dirigeants à produire un discours de légitimation de ces stratégies. Le présent article étudie, à partir de l’analyse comparative et longitudinale des cas des groupes Bonduelle et Bel sur la période 2001-2009, dans quelle mesure la typologie des stratégies discursives de Vaara et al. (2006) constitue une grille d’analyse pertinente pour rendre compte des configurations discursives élaborées par les FMN pour préserver la légitimité de leur stratégie de localisation à l’international.
Les stratégies de localisation des firmes multinationales et leurs rapports au territoire local étranger : une approche par les ressources
Authors: Le Gall Sébastien
Published: April 2012

L’enjeu de cet article est d’analyser les stratégies de localisation basées sur les ressources, dont l’objectif est moins l’exploitation d’un avantage spécifique détenu ex ante par la FMN que l’activation de nouvelles ressources sur un territoire étranger. Il vise à caractériser le choix de localisation de l’investissement étranger qui s’appuie sur cette stratégie. Les propositions de la recherche sont confrontées à l’analyse de 92 projets orientés vers la France dans le secteur des TIC. Les résultats témoignent de la spécificité de cette stratégie qui suppose de la FMN une capacité à activer les ressources en local au sein d’un réseau de proximité.
Stratégie de contrôle des activités internationales : la GIRH comme levier clé d’intégration et de coordination des firmes multinationales
Authors: Grillat Marie-Laure , Mérignac Olivier
Published: April 2012

A l’heure où la plupart des grands groupes ont opté pour des stratégies d’internationalisation de plus en plus élaborées, cet article propose d’étudier les enjeux du contrôle des activités étrangères sous un angle nouveau, celui de la gestion internationale des ressources humaines. L’analyse comparative de quatorze firmes multinationales permet d’identifier un ensemble de pratiques de Gestion Internationale des Ressources Humaines (GIRH) déployées dans une optique de coordination et d’intégration des filiales internationales. La contribution propose ainsi une grille d’analyse des pratiques de contrôle par la GIRH.
Sur les conséquences du brevet d’invention dans la science : résultats d’une enquête auprès des inventeurs académiques français
Authors: Pénin Julien
Published: April 2012

Cet article s’intéresse aux conséquences du brevet d’invention dans la science. Une enquête par questionnaire menée auprès de 280 inventeurs académiques français conduit à de nouveaux résultats concernant l’impact du brevet sur la diffusion des connaissances académiques et le transfert de technologie universités-entreprises. En particulier, notre travail suggère que si, dans certains secteurs, breveter les inventions académiques favorise leur transfert vers l’industrie (surtout dans la pharmacie et les sciences de la vie), cela engendre aussi un retard quasiment systématique de la publication des recherches académiques et est susceptible d’affecter l’agenda de la recherche scientifique (en incitant les chercheurs à s’orienter vers des domaines où les recherches sont brevetables).
Enjeu familial et redéfinitions de la famille
Authors: Ouellette Françoise-Romaine
Published: April 2012

Cet article introductif met l’accent sur les redéfinitions conceptuelles et normatives qui accompagnent les remises en cause de l’institution familiale et l’émergence de nouvelles configurations familiales. Cet angle de discussion permet de tracer des liens transversaux entre les différents articles du numéro d’Enfances, Familles, Générations qui explore la question familiale en tant qu’enjeu sociétal et, partant, objet politique mobilisant l’État et les divers acteurs de la société civile concernés par l’indispensable travail reproductif (procréation, soins et assistance, éducation, socialisation...) accompli au sein des familles. Les thématiques abordées sont : la sociologie de la famille, le mouvement pour une politique familiale, l’homoparenté, les procréations médicalement assistées, la notion de revenu familial, l’encadrement légal du mariage et l’union libre, l’attraction des familles en milieu rural.
L’union libre, le mariage romain et le mariage chrétien
Authors: Laplante Benoît
Published: April 2012

Au Québec, l’union de fait est un dispositif juridique d’encadrement de la relation conjugale dont l’essentiel se trouve en creux dans le Code civil. Les provinces canadiennes de droit anglais encadrent explicitement la solution de rechange au mariage dans les lois qu’elles consacrent aux « relations domestiques » ou familiales. En France, le PACS et même le concubinage sont traités dans le Code civil. La situation québécoise est originale. Nous proposons de l’expliquer en montrant que l’union de fait, telle qu’elle existe aujourd’hui dans le droit québécois, est très proche du mariage tel qu’il existait dans le droit romain de l’époque classique. Cet examen nous permet de suggérer que le Québec a réinventé, ou redécouvert, le mariage romain de l’époque classique sous la forme de l’union de fait telle qu’elle s’y pratique. Il nous permet également de suggérer que l’« union de fait à la québécoise » est peut-être une construction plus cohérente que le mariage dans sa forme actuelle.
Solid Facial Edema
Authors: Mansilla-Polo Miguel , Morgado-Carrasco Daniel
Published: June 2024

This case report describes nonpitting erythematous edema on the forehead, glabella, nose, and cheeks.
Dermoscopic Features of Melanocytic Nevi in Cardiofaciocutaneous and Costello Syndromes
Authors: Vaughn Alexandra R. , Meyer Summer N. , Nazir Zaeem H. , Tavernetti Jennifer , Simmons Elanee , Li Hong , Rybak Irina , Rauen Katherine A. , Marghoob Ashfaq A. , Kiuru Maija
Published: June 2024

Importance

Somatic variants in the RAS/MAPK pathway genes are commonly associated with melanocytic nevi and melanoma, whereas germline variants in these genes are associated with RASopathies, syndromes involving multiple organs, including the skin. Nevi counts may be higher in some RASopathies, but studies on features observed through dermoscopy are limited.

Objective

To determine the distinguishing dermoscopic features of melanocytic nevi and how the RAS pathway influences them by comparing nevi in patients with cardiofaciocutaneous syndrome (CFC) and Costello syndrome (CS).

Design, Setting, and Participants

In this prospective cohort study, patients with CFC and CS, 2 RASopathies caused by variants in the downstream and upstream components of the RAS/MAPK pathway, were recruited from the international CFC and CS family conferences. Some patients with CFC also elected to participate in a longitudinal follow-up study.

Main Outcomes and Measures

The main outcomes were dermoscopic features and, in the longitudinal follow-up study, nevi counts, which were recorded over time.

Results

A total of 39 patients, 16 with CFC and 23 with CS, were enrolled (overall cohort: 26 [66.7%] female; median [IQR] age, 13.0 [7.6-22.0] years). The 112 nevi overall frequently displayed an organized dermoscopic pattern (CFC, 61 [84.7%]; CS, 34 [85.0%]) rather than a disorganized pattern (CFC, 6 [8.3%]; CS, 1 [2.5%]). Of the organized nevi, homogenous brown was the most common pattern (CFC, 41 [67.2%]; CS, 22 [64.7%]), followed by reticular (CFC, 11 [18.0%]; CS, 7 [20.6%]) and globular (CFC, 9 [14.8%]; CS, 5 [14.7%]). Pigmented networks occurred in 12 nevi in CFC (16.7%) and 6 nevi in CS (15%; P > .99). Of these, 6 CFC-associated nevi (50%) and no CS-associated nevi had atypical networks (P = .05). Six patients with CFC in the follow-up study developed significantly more nevi within 5 years (median [IQR] increase, 24.5 [10-120] nevi; P = .04).

Conclusions and Relevance

In this cohort study, the findings suggest that nevi in patients with CFC and CS commonly display organized homogenous brown dermoscopic patterns, and the number of nevi may significantly increase over time in those with CFC. A disorganized pattern and atypical networks may be more frequent in patients with CFC. Future studies are needed to determine the risk of melanoma in individuals with CFC or CS.
Performance of Large Language Models on Medical Oncology Examination Questions
Authors: Longwell Jack B. , Hirsch Ian , Binder Fernando , Gonzalez Conchas Galileo Arturo , Mau Daniel , Jang Raymond , Krishnan Rahul G. , Grant Robert C.
Published: June 2024

Importance

Large language models (LLMs) recently developed an unprecedented ability to answer questions. Studies of LLMs from other fields may not generalize to medical oncology, a high-stakes clinical setting requiring rapid integration of new information.

Objective

To evaluate the accuracy and safety of LLM answers on medical oncology examination questions.

Design, Setting, and Participants

This cross-sectional study was conducted between May 28 and October 11, 2023. The American Society of Clinical Oncology (ASCO) Oncology Self-Assessment Series on ASCO Connection, the European Society of Medical Oncology (ESMO) Examination Trial questions, and an original set of board-style medical oncology multiple-choice questions were presented to 8 LLMs.

Main Outcomes and Measures

The primary outcome was the percentage of correct answers. Medical oncologists evaluated the explanations provided by the best LLM for accuracy, classified the types of errors, and estimated the likelihood and extent of potential clinical harm.

Results

Proprietary LLM 2 correctly answered 125 of 147 questions (85.0%; 95% CI, 78.2%-90.4%; P < .001 vs random answering). Proprietary LLM 2 outperformed an earlier version, proprietary LLM 1, which correctly answered 89 of 147 questions (60.5%; 95% CI, 52.2%-68.5%; P < .001), and the best open-source LLM, Mixtral-8x7B-v0.1, which correctly answered 87 of 147 questions (59.2%; 95% CI, 50.0%-66.4%; P < .001). The explanations provided by proprietary LLM 2 contained no or minor errors for 138 of 147 questions (93.9%; 95% CI, 88.7%-97.2%). Incorrect responses were most commonly associated with errors in information retrieval, particularly with recent publications, followed by erroneous reasoning and reading comprehension. If acted upon in clinical practice, 18 of 22 incorrect answers (81.8%; 95% CI, 59.7%-94.8%) would have a medium or high likelihood of moderate to severe harm.

Conclusions and Relevance

In this cross-sectional study of the performance of LLMs on medical oncology examination questions, the best LLM answered questions with remarkable performance, although errors raised safety concerns. These results demonstrated an opportunity to develop and evaluate LLMs to improve health care clinician experiences and patient care, considering the potential impact on capabilities and safety.
Feasibility of Extended Postoperative Follow-Up in Patients With Gastric Cancer
Authors: Lee Ju-Hee , Kim Jiyeong , Choi Ji Yoon
Published: June 2024

Importance

Conventional research and guidelines on postgastrectomy follow-up for gastric cancer often restrict their focus to the first 5 years after surgery.

Objective

To evaluate the association of extended regular follow-up after 5 years postgastrectomy in patients with gastric cancer with overall and postrecurrence survival rates.

Design, Setting, and Participants

This population-based, retrospective cohort study used Korean National Health Insurance claims data extracted between January 1, 2005, and December 31, 2014, with follow-up data examined until December 31, 2021. Patients without recurrence or other cancers at 5 years postgastrectomy were divided into 2 groups: those who had extended regular follow-up visits and those who did not. The data were analyzed between August 15 and November 15, 2023.

Exposures

Regular follow-up vs irregular follow-up after 5 years postgastrectomy.

Main Outcomes and Measures

The main outcome was whether extended regular follow-up after 5 years postgastrectomy was independently associated with overall and postrecurrence survival rates using Cox proportional hazards regression. Postrecurrence survival rates were also compared across different follow-up methods and intervals.

Results

A total of 40 468 patients with gastric cancer were included, with 14 294 in the regular follow-up group (mean [SD] age, 61.3 [11.7] years; 9669 male [67.8%]) and 26 174 in the irregular follow-up group (mean [SD] age, 58.1 [11.1] years; 18 007 male [68.8%]). Late recurrence or gastric remnant cancer (GRC) was identified in 3138 patients (7.8%), including 1610 of 40 468 patients (4.0%) between 5 and 10 years postgastrectomy and 1528 of 16 287 (9.4%) patients after 10 years postgastrectomy. Regular follow-up was associated with a significantly decreased overall mortality rate after 5 years postgastrectomy (from 49.4% to 36.9% in 15-year mortality rate; P < .001), as well as significant improvement of postrecurrence survival rate after occurrence of late recurrence or GRC (from 32.7% to 71.1% in 5-year postrecurrence survival rate; P < .001). Comparison of follow-up methods revealed that the combination of endoscopy and abdominopelvic computed tomography (CT) (only abdominopelvic CT in total gastrectomy subgroup) yielded the highest 5-year postrecurrence survival rate (endoscopy alone vs abdominopelvic CT alone vs a combination of both, 54.5% vs 47.1% vs 74.5%, respectively). A time interval of more than 2 years between previous endoscopy or abdominopelvic CT and late recurrence and GRC diagnosis was associated with a significantly reduced postrecurrence survival rate (hazard ratio, 1.72 [95% CI, 1.45-2.04] and 1.48 [95% CI, 1.25-1.75], respectively).

Conclusions and Relevance

These findings suggest that extended regular follow-up after 5 years postgastrectomy should be implemented clinically and that current practice and value of follow-up protocols in postoperative care of patients with gastric cancer be reconsidered.
Diffusion kurtosis imaging‐based habitat analysis identifies high‐risk molecular subtypes and heterogeneity matching in diffuse gliomas
Authors: Yang Xiangli , Niu Wenju , Wu Kai , Li Xiang , Hou Heng , Tan Yan , Wang Xiaochun , Yang Guoqiang , Wang Lei , Zhang Hui
Published: June 2024

Objective

High‐risk types of diffuse gliomas in adults include isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) wild‐type glioblastomas and grade 4 astrocytomas. Achieving noninvasive prediction of high‐risk molecular subtypes of gliomas is important for personalized and precise diagnosis and treatment.

Methods

We retrospectively collected data from 116 patients diagnosed with adult diffuse gliomas. Multiple high‐risk molecular markers were tested, and various habitat models and whole‐tumor models were constructed based on preoperative routine and diffusion kurtosis imaging (DKI) sequences to predict high‐risk molecular subtypes of gliomas. Feature selection and model construction utilized Least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) and support vector machine (SVM). Finally, the Wilcoxon rank‐sum test was employed to explore the correlation between habitat quantitative features (intra‐tumor heterogeneity score，ITH score) and heterogeneity, as well as high‐risk molecular subtypes.

Results

The results showed that the habitat analysis model based on DKI performed remarkably well (with AUC values reaching 0.977 and 0.902 in the training and test sets, respectively). The model's performance was further enhanced when combined with clinical variables. (The AUC values were 0.994 and 0.920, respectively.) Additionally, we found a close correlation between ITH score and heterogeneity, with statistically significant differences observed between high‐risk and non‐high‐risk molecular subtypes.

Interpretation

The habitat model based on DKI is an ideal means for preoperatively predicting high‐risk molecular subtypes of gliomas, holding significant value for noninvasively alerting malignant gliomas and those with malignant transformation potential.
Pd(II)‐TADF Emitters Featuring Multiple Intramolecular Noncovalent Interactions: Toward Organic Light‐Emitting Diodes with EQEs up to 31.5% and Operational Half‐Lifetimes Exceeding 1600 h at 3000 cd m−2
Authors: Zhang Jingling , Song Xiu‐Fang , Xu Yulin , Yang Jian‐Gong , Zhang Yi , Miao Jingsheng , Li Kai
Published: June 2024

The second‐row transition metal complexes have been much less exploited as emitters for organic light‐emitting diodes (OLEDs). Despite the considerable efforts to develop phosphorescent Pd(II) complexes by ligand design, the triplet excited states of Pd(II) complexes usually have very long lifetimes because of their ligand‐centered nature. Hereina panel of sandwich‐type mononuclear Pd(II) complexes is reported, namely PdDDBPZ, PdDTRZ, and PdDPYR, which exhibit strong yellow to red thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) with photoluminescence quantum yields (PLQYs) of 87–94% in doped films. The metal ion plays a perturbing role in the intraligand charge transfer excited state dynamics, giving rise to accelerated reverse intersystem crossing (RISC). Owing to the space‐confined sandwich configuration, there are multiple noncovalent interactions within the molecules, which are qualitatively and quantitatively analyzed by theoretical calculations. The Pd(II) complexes show high device efficiencies with external quantum efficiencies (EQEs) up to 31.5%. The ultralow efficiency roll‐off is as low as 1% at 1000 cd m−2. The device operational stability test for PdDTRZ reveals a half‐lifetime (LT50) of 1615 h at an initial luminance of 3000 cd m−2. The leverage of metal‐promoted TADF mechanism together with intramolecular noncovalent interactions proves feasible for developing practical Pd(II)‐TADF emitters toward OLEDs.
The Key Role of Grain Boundary Dynamics in Revolutionizing the Potential of Solid Electrolytes
Authors: Wang Yangyang , Thomas Charlotte , Garman Kaitlin , Kim Hwangsun , Chen Zonghai , Chi Miaofang , Ban Chunmei
Published: June 2024

Solid electrolytes (SEs) have the potential to enhance the safety and performance of Li‐metal batteries. However, the existence of grain boundaries in polycrystalline SEs presents a significant challenge for both ionic and electronic migration, promoting the propagation of detrimental lithium dendrites. This study compares the roles of grain boundaries in electrical properties of three distinct SEs including garnet‐type Li6.5La3Zr1.5Ta0.5O12 (LLZO), argyrodite‐type Li6PS5Cl (LPSC), and NASICON‐type Li1+x+yAlx(Ti,Ge)2‐xSiyP3‐yO12 (LATP). Results demonstrate that the electronic and ionic conductivities of solid‐state electrolytes are affected differently by grain boundaries, depending on the specific type of electrolyte. For instance, LLZO and LATP experience dielectric breakdown at 3.7 and 5.3 V, respectively, while LPSC does not exhibit such behavior. Here, a new chemical modification is proposed that simultaneously alters the composition of both the surface and grain boundaries of SEs, ultimately reducing electronic conductivity for the LLZO SEs. Consequently, the proposed LLZO exhibits unprecedented dendrite‐free cycling stability, achieving a remarkable 12 000‐h lifetime at room temperature, surpassing conventional strategies such as surface coatings in dendrite mitigation. This study highlights the significance of modifying grain boundaries to design safe and durable Li‐metal batteries. It provides new insights for developing SEs that are highly resistant to dendrite formation.
Gate‐Switchable BST Ferroelectric MoS2 FETs for Non‐Volatile Digital Memory and Analog Memristor
Authors: Tan Chao , Wu Haijuan , Zhao Minmin , Jili Xiaobing , Yang Lei , Gao Libin , Wang Zegao
Published: June 2024

To overcome the von Neumann bottleneck between memory and computing, the novel architectures with computing in‐memory are paid much attention and expected to be compatible with digital logic computing and/or analog brain‐inspired neuromorphic computing. Herein, by combining the Ba0.6Sr0.4TiO3 (BST) ferroelectric film and MoS2 layered semiconductor, a non‐volatile memory is constructed, which deliver the gate‐switchable function between the digital and analog functionality modes. The on/off ratio, subthreshold swing, and carrier mobility of MoS2/BST ferroelectric field‐effect transistor (FeFET) are 4.95×106, 68 mV dec−1, and 16.7 cm2 V−1 s−1, respectively. By a small electrical stimulation, the device demonstrates remarkable non‐volatile memory properties, including robust long‐term retention of ≈3000 s, superior endurance over 34 000 cycles, low operating energy at ≈0.3 pJ per spike. By a large electrical stress, it exhibits well memristive behavior and gating history dependent accumulation/diminution effect, which is attributed to the charge dynamic trapping/de‐trapping activation at the MoS2/BST interface. Following the historic memory behaviors, a cryptosystem is developed with auto‐generated reading log which is tamper‐resistant at hardware level. Moreover, the synaptic functions are realized on the device such as the short‐term potentiation/depression and gating‐depending synaptic plasticity. This study shows the opportunities of multi‐functionalities integration in a single FeFET device.
Remote‐Controllable Lateral Electropolymerization of Conducting Polymers via Dual‐Electrode ADC‐Bipolar Electrochemistry
Authors: Lee Jiyun , Yoon Tae Woong , Chung Sein , Cho Kilwon , Zhang Guobing , Kang Boseok
Published: June 2024

The electrolysis of aromatic molecules is a useful method for the synthesis and deposition of conducting polymers. However, this method cannot be applied to diverse large‐area electronic devices because films grow vertically on the surface of an electrically connected working electrode. Herein, the remote‐controllable lateral electropolymerization of 3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene using direct‐current voltage superimposed alternating‐current voltage (ADC)‐bipolar electrochemistry is reported. The use of shape‐designed dual bipolar electrodes and systematic optimization of the process parameters led to the fabrication of uniform poly(3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT) films on 2‐inch glass wafers and flexible plastic substrates. The oxidation levels and microstructures of ADC‐electropolymerized PEDOTs with various supporting electrolytes are investigated and correlated with their thermoelectric properties. A soft thermocouple and resistive‐type gas sensor based on an ADC‐electrodeposited PEDOT are demonstrated to monitor cerebral temperature in a brain replica and to sense nitrogen dioxide gas, respectively.
Fouling Release Mechanism of an Octopus‐Inspired Smart Skin
Authors: Mamman Rabiu Onoruoiza , Johnson Tatum , Weerakkody Thilina , Lamuta Caterina
Published: June 2024

This work proposes an octopus‐inspired smart skin for fouling release. The skin consists of twisted spiral artificial muscles (TSAMs) embedded between two layers of elastomer. Upon electro‐thermal actuation, TSAMs undergo vertical displacement (similarly to octopus’ papillae dermal muscles) and mechanically deform the top layer of the skin where the biofilm is attached. The release is achieved by generating a critical strain on the skin's top layer. In this paper, a physics‐based mechanical model is proposed to describe the fouling release mechanism of the smart skin. The model relates the critical strain to the mechanical properties of the biofilm, as well as the mechanical and electro‐thermal properties of the TSAMs. The model is experimentally validated, and a robust controller is implemented to achieve the desired critical strain and then perform release for two different types of biofilms: bacterial‐based Escherichia coli and diatom‐based Amphora coffeaeformis.
Covalently Merging Ionic Liquids and Conjugated Polymers: A Molecular Design Strategy for Green Solvent‐Processable Mixed Ion–Electron Conductors Toward High‐Performing Chemical Sensors
Authors: Lee Junwoo , Shin Joonchul , An Jung‐Won , He Jiawei , Jang Ji‐Soo , Zhong Mingjiang
Published: June 2024

Polymeric mixed ionic–electronic conductors hold great potential for advancing high‐performance organic electronics due to their exceptional electrical conductivity achieved through ion–electron coupling. However, the widespread adoption of these conductors faces obstacles due to their reliance on environmentally harmful solvents during processing and the potential performance degradation under various conditions. In this study, a practical solution to these challenges is proposed by incorporating monomers with ionic liquid‐behaving pendant groups into conjugated polymers. The copolymerization of these charged monomers not only improves solubility in environmentally friendly solvents but also imparts long‐term stability against humidity, high temperatures, and mechanical deformation. The immobilized ion species foster highly selective interactions of these polymers with nitrogen dioxide, paving the way for the development of stretchable sensing devices capable of functioning at exceptionally high temperatures.
Octahedral Nanocrystals of Ru‐Doped PtFeNiCuW/CNTs High‐Entropy Alloy: High Performance Toward pH‐Universal Hydrogen Evolution Reaction
Authors: Wang Chaohui , Zhang Jun , Miao Kanghua , Long Mairui , Lai Siyuan , Zhao Shijun , Kang Xiongwu
Published: June 2024

Integrating high‐entropy philosophy and nanocrystal‐specific orientation into a single catalyst represents a promising strategy in development of high‐performance catalysts. Nonetheless, shape‐controlled synthesis of high‐entropy alloy (HEA) nanocrystals is challenging owing to the distinct redox potentials and growth dynamics of metal elements. Herein, a one‐pot co‐reduction method is developed to fabricate ruthenium (Ru)‐doped PtFeNiCuW octahedral HEA nanocrystals onto carbon nanotubes (Ru–PtFeNiCuW/CNTs). It is demonstrated that Ru dopants and W(CO)6 promote the concurrent reduction and growth of other metal precursors to obtain higher yield and larger size of HEA nanocrystals, despite low Ru content in Ru–PtFeNiCuW/CNTs. As an electrocatalyst toward hydrogen evolution reaction (HER), Ru–PtFeNiCuW/CNTs exhibits low overpotentials of 9, 16, and 34 mV at a current density of 10 mA cm−2 and Tafel slopes of 19.2, 27.9, and 23.1 mV dec−1 in acidic, alkaline, and neutral electrolytes, respectively. As a cathodic catalyst, Ru–PtFeNiCuW/CNTs operates for up to 1500 and 1200 h in acidic and alkaline electrolyte, respectively, at a current density of 50 mA cm−2 in a two‐electrode system for full water splitting. Theoretical calculations reveal accelerated kinetics of H2O dissociation on W sites and *H desorption on hollow Cu–Cu–Cu and Cu–Cu–Pt sites.
An Ion‐Mediated Spiking Chemical Neuron based on Mott Memristor
Authors: Ren Huihui , Li Fanfan , Wang Min , Liu Guolei , Li Dingwei , Wang Rui , Chen Yitong , Tang Yingjie , Wang Yan , Jin Ran , Huang Qi , Xing Lixiang , Chen Xiaopeng , Wang Juan , Guo Chengchen , Zhu Bowen
Published: June 2024

Artificial spiking neurons capable of interpreting ionic information into electrical spikes are critical to mimic biological signaling systems. Mott memristors are attractive for constructing artificial spiking neurons due to their simple structure, low energy consumption, and rich neural dynamics. However, challenges remain in achieving ion‐mediated spiking and biohybrid‐interfacing in Mott neurons. Here, a biomimetic spiking chemical neuron (SCN) utilizing an NbOx Mott memristor and oxide field‐effect transistor‐type chemical sensor is introduced. The SCN exhibits both excitation and inhibition spiking behaviors toward ionic concentrations akin to biological neural systems. It demonstrates spiking responses across physiological and pathological Na+ concentrations (1–200 × 10−3 m). The Na+‐mediated SCN enables both frequency encoding and time‐to‐first‐spike coding schemes, illustrating the rich neural dynamics of Mott neuron. In addition, the SCN interfaced with L929 cells facilitates real‐time modulation of ion‐mediated spiking under both normal and salty cellular microenvironments.
Cordycepin Modulates Microglial M2 Polarization Coupled with Mitochondrial Metabolic Reprogramming by Targeting HKII and PDK2
Authors: Zhong Xin , Gong Shiqiang , Meng Linghui , Yao Weifan , Du Ke , Jiao Linchi , Ma Guowei , Liang Jingwei , Wei Binbin , Jin Xin , Tong Junhui , Dong Jianru , Liu Mengyu , Gao Menglin , Jia Huachao , Jiang Wenjuan , Yu Zhihua , Wang Yanzhe , Sun Xiaohong , Wei Minjie , Liu Mingyan
Published: June 2024

The microenvironment mediated by the microglia (MG) M1/M2 phenotypic switch plays a decisive role in the neuronal fate and cognitive function of Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, the impact of metabolic reprogramming on microglial polarization and its underlying mechanism remains elusive. This study reveals that cordycepin improved cognitive function and memory in APP/PS1 mice, as well as attenuated neuronal damage by triggering MG‐M2 polarization and metabolic reprogramming characterized by increased OXPHOS and glycolysis, rather than directly protecting neurons. Simultaneously, cordycepin partially alleviates mitochondrial damage in microglia induced by inhibitors of OXPHOS and glycolysis, further promoting MG‐M2 transformation and increasing neuronal survival. Through confirmation of cordycepin distribution in the microglial mitochondria via mitochondrial isolation followed by HPLC‐MS/MS techniques, HKII and PDK2 are further identified as potential targets of cordycepin. By investigating the effects of HKII and PDK2 inhibitors, the mechanism through which cordycepin targeted HKII to elevate ECAR levels in the glycolysis pathway while targeting PDK2 to enhance OCR levels in PDH‐mediated OXPHOS pathway, thereby inducing MG‐M2 polarization, promoting neuronal survival and exerting an anti‐AD role is elucidated.
Organic Passivation‐Enhanced Ferroelectricity in Perovskite Oxide Films
Authors: Meng Hao , Chen Bingbing , Dai Xiuhong , Guo Jianxin , Li Wenheng , Bai Yuhua , Chang Xuan , Zhang Xuning , Chen Jingwei , Gao Qing , Liu Baoting , Chen Jianhui
Published: June 2024

Perovskite oxides and organic–inorganic halide perovskite materials, with numerous fascinating features, have been subjected to extensive studies. Most of the properties of perovskite materials are dependence on their ferroelectricity that denoted by remanent polarization (Pr). Thus, the increase of Pr in perovskite films is mainly an effort in material physics. At present, commonplace improvement schemes, i.e., controlling material crystallinity, and post‐annealing by using a high‐temperature process, are normally used. However, a simpler and temporal strategy for Pr improvement is always unavailable to perovskite material researchers. In this study, an organic coating layer, low‐temperature, and vacuum‐free strategy is proposed to improve the Pr, directly increasing the Pr from 36 to 56 µC cm−2. Further study finds that the increased Pr originates from the suppression of the oxygen defects and Ti defects. This organic coating layer strategy for passivating the defects may open a new way for the preparation of higher‐performance and cost‐effective perovskite products, further improving its prospective for application in the electron devices field.
Optimization Design of Fluoro‐Cyanogen Copolymer Electrolyte to Achieve 4.7 V High‐Voltage Solid Lithium Metal Battery
Authors: Xu Weijian , Dong Weiliang , Lin Jianzhou , Mu Kexin , Song Zhennuo , Tan Jiji , Wang Ruixue , Liu Qiang , Zhu Caizhen , Xu Jian , Tian Lei
Published: June 2024

Raising the charging voltage and employing high‐capacity cathodes like lithium cobalt oxide (LCO) are efficient strategies to expand battery capacity. High voltage, however, will reveal major issues such as the electrolyte's low interface stability and weak electrochemical stability. Designing high‐performance solid electrolytes from the standpoint of substance genetic engineering design is consequently vital. In this instance, stable SEI and CEI interface layers are constructed, and a 4.7 V high‐voltage solid copolymer electrolyte (PAFP) with a fluoro‐cyanogen group is generated by polymer molecular engineering. As a result, PAFP has an exceptionally broad electrochemical window (5.5 V), a high Li+ transference number (0.71), and an ultrahigh ionic conductivity (1.2 mS cm−2) at 25 °C. Furthermore, the Li||Li symmetric cell possesses excellent interface stability and 2000 stable cycles at 1 mA cm−2. The LCO|PAFP|Li batteries have a 73.7% retention capacity after 1200 cycles. Moreover, it still has excellent cycling stability at a high charging voltage of 4.7 V. These characteristics above also allow PAFP to run stably at high loading, showing excellent electrochemical stability. Furthermore, the proposed PAFP provides new insights into high‐voltage resistant solid polymer electrolytes.
Genetically Designed Living Bacteria with Melanogenesis for Tumor‐Specific Pigmentation and Therapeutic Intervention
Authors: Wang Liying , Wu Qi , Lyu Qi , Lu Dan , Guo Lehang , Zhong Chao , Wang Min , Liu Chang , An Bolin , Xu Huixiong , Huo Minfeng
Published: June 2024

Visual observation and therapeutic intervention against tumors hold significant appeal for tumor treatment, particularly in meeting the demands of intraoperative navigation. From a clinical perspective, the naked‐eye visualization of tumors provides a direct and convenient approach to identifying tumors and navigating during surgery. Nevertheless, there is an ongoing need to develop effective solutions in this frontier. Genetically engineered microorganisms are promising as living therapeutics for combatting malignant tumors, leveraging precise tumor targeting and versatile programmed functionalities. Here, genetically modified Escherichia coli (E. coli) MG1655 bacterial cells are introduced, called MelaBac cells, designed to express tyrosinase continuously. This bioengineered melanogenesis produces melanin capable of pigmenting both subcutaneous CT26 xenografts and chemically induced colorectal cancer (CRC). Additionally, MelaBac cells demonstrate the initiation of photonic hyperthermia therapy and immunotherapy against tumors, offering promising selective therapeutic interventions with high biocompatibility.
CWF19L2 is Essential for Male Fertility and Spermatogenesis by Regulating Alternative Splicing
Authors: Wang Shiyu , Cai Yuling , Li Tongtong , Wang Yan , Bao Ziyou , Wang Renxue , Qin Junchao , Wang Ziqi , Liu Yining , Liu Zhaojian , Chan Wai‐Yee , Chen Xiangfeng , Lu Gang , Chen Zi‐Jiang , Huang Tao , Liu Hongbin
Published: June 2024

The progression of spermatogenesis along specific developmental trajectories depends on the coordinated regulation of pre‐mRNA alternative splicing (AS) at the post‐transcriptional level. However, the fundamental mechanism of AS in spermatogenesis remains to be investigated. Here, it is demonstrated that CWF19L2 plays a pivotal role in spermatogenesis and male fertility. In germline conditional Cwf19l2 knockout mice exhibiting male sterility, impaired spermatogenesis characterized by increased apoptosis and decreased differentiated spermatogonia and spermatocytes is observed. That CWF19L2 interacted with several spliceosome proteins to participate in the proper assembly and stability of the spliceosome is discovered. By integrating RNA‐seq and LACE‐seq data, it is further confirmed CWF19L2 directly bound and regulated the splicing of genes related to spermatogenesis (Znhit1, Btrc, and Fbxw7) and RNA splicing (Rbfox1, Celf1, and Rbm10). Additionally, CWF19L2 can indirectly amplify its effect on splicing regulation through modulating RBFOX1. Collectively, this research establishes that CWF19L2 orchestrates a splicing factor network to ensure accurate pre‐mRNA splicing during the early steps of spermatogenesis.
3D‐hUMSCs Exosomes Ameliorate Vitiligo by Simultaneously Potentiating Treg Cells‐Mediated Immunosuppression and Suppressing Oxidative Stress‐Induced Melanocyte Damage
Authors: Wang Qi , Guo Weinan , Niu Liaoran , Zhou Yuqi , Wang Zeqian , Chen Jianru , Chen Jiaxi , Ma Jingjing , Zhang Jia , Jiang Zhaoting , Wang Bo , Zhang Zhe , Li Chunying , Jian Zhe
Published: June 2024

Vitiligo is an autoimmune disease characterized by epidermal melanocyte destruction, with abnormal autoimmune responses and excessive oxidative stress as two cardinal mechanisms. Human umbilical mesenchymal stem cells‐derived exosomes (hUMSCs‐Exos) are regarded as promising therapeutic choice for autoimmune diseases due to potent immunosuppressive and anti‐oxidative properties, which can be potentiated under 3D cell culture condition. Nevertheless, whether exosomes derived from 3D spheroids of hUMSCs (3D‐Exos) exhibit considerable therapeutic effect on vitiligo and the underlying mechanism remain elusive. In this study, systemic administration of 3D‐Exos showed a remarkable effect in treating mice with vitiligo, as revealed by ameliorated skin depigmentation, less CD8+T cells infiltration, and expanded Treg cells in skin, and 3D‐Exos exerted a better effect than 2D‐Exos. Mechanistically, 3D‐Exos can prominently facilitate the expansion of Treg cells in vitiligo lesion and suppress H2O2‐induced melanocytes apoptosis. Forward miRNA profile analysis and molecular experiments have demonstrated that miR‐132‐3p and miR‐125b‐5p enriched in 3D‐Exos greatly contributed to these biological effects by targeting Sirt1 and Bak1 respectively. In aggregate, 3D‐Exos can efficiently ameliorate vitiligo by simultaneously potentiating Treg cells‐mediated immunosuppression and suppressing oxidative stress‐induced melanocyte damage via the delivery of miR‐132‐3p and miR‐125b‐5p. The employment of 3D‐Exos will be a promising treament for vitiligo.