bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Hubungan Beban Dengan Depresi pada Keluarga yang Merawat Pasien Stroke
Authors: Pahria Tuti , Mambang Sari Citra Windani
Published: January 2020

ABSTRAKStroke menyebabkan pasien mengalami kecacatan sehingga memerlukan keluarga dalam memenuhi kebutuhan aktivitas sehari-hari. Tugas keluarga sebagai caregiver dapat menimbulkan beban. Beban menjadi salah satu faktor yang dianggap berhubungan dengan depresi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi hubungan antara beban dan depresi pada keluarga yang merawat pasien stroke di Rumah Sakit Al-Islam Bandung. Penelitian dengan metode deskriptif korelasi dilakukan kepada 92 keluarga. Pengukuran beban dilakukan menggunakan instrumen the Zarit Burden Interview dan pengukuran depresi dilakukan menggunakan instrumen Beck Depression Inventory-II. Analisis hubungan ditunjukan melalui korelasi Spearman rank. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukan bahwa 69,6% keluarga memiliki sedikit atau hampir tidak ada beban, 26,1% beban ringan, dan 4,3% beban sedang. Kemudian 71,7% keluarga mengalami gangguan perasaan yang normal, 20,7% gangguan perasaan ringan, 4,3% depresi ringan, 2,2% depresi sedang, dan 1,1% depresi berat. Hasil uji korelasi menunjukan terdapat hubungan positif antara beban dengan depresi, dengan p value 0,000 (r=0,547). Simpulan dalam penelitian ini yaitu semakin tinggi beban yang dirasakan oleh keluarga dalam merawat pasien stroke maka semakin berat depresi yang terjadi.ABSTRACT Stroke can lead to a physical disability that results in need of family assistance to complete a patient’s activity daily living. The duty of care to the disabled stroke patient often create a burden to the family members Rumah Sakit Al-Islam Bandung. Research with descriptive correlation method on 92 families. Family burden measured using the Zarit Burden Interview, while the depression measured using Beck Depression Inventory-II. Correlation between the two variables will be examined by Spearman correlation analysis. The result shows that 69,6% of caregiver perceived little or no burden, 26,1% perceived mild burden, and 4,3% perceived moderate burden. Then 71,7% of caregivers perceived normal mood disturbance, 20,7% perceived mild mood disturbance, 4,3% perceived mild depression, 2,2% perceived moderate depression, and 1,1% perceived severe depression. The result correlation test show there is a positive. correlation between burden and depression had p-value of 0,000 (r=0,547). The conclusion in this study is that the higher the burden felt by the family caregiver of stroke patients, the more severe the depression will occur. Nursing practices are expected to provide appropriate interventions, one of which is support to reduce burden so as to prevent depression.
External Evaluation of the Educational Process and Learning Evaluation in Mathematics Classes: Notes from an Investigative Practice
Authors: Santos Solange Mariano da Silva , Mendes Marcele Tavares , Rocha Zenaide De Fátima Dante Correia
Published: January 2020

Anchored in an evaluation perspective in the service of learning, this article brings a discussion of the relationship of external evaluation of the educational process and evaluation of learning in the classroom context from an analysis of written productions of students in dealing with routine issues of written math class exams and external evaluation questions. This is a qualitative research of an interpretative nature, in which, through an investigative practice in a 2nd grade high school class of a public school in which the students solved four questions about the study of sequences - Arithmetic Progression (A.P.). We sought to highlight the potential of using external evaluation questions to feed pedagogical actions that favor reflection on the curriculum developed in the classroom, and vice versa. In this research, it was possible to show that the difficulty of the students to understand the statement of the questions and the fact that they cannot relate the content to the daily practices can be aspects that influence the Brazilian students' performance in external mathematical evaluations; as can be presumed that students have shown poor performance in external tests not because they are unaware of mathematical knowledge, but because the type of problem to which they are exposed differ substantially from those of their classroom teaching and evaluative practices.
The Committee of Fifteen and the First Movements about the Teaching of Algebra in the Brazilian Primary School
Authors: Rodriguês Jeremias Stein , Costa David Antonio da
Published: January 2020

At the end of the XIX century, movements that propose the reform of the primary school in the United States are started. The aim of this paper is to find out what changes proposed to the American teaching of mathematics are, specifically about the teaching of algebra and the knowledge related to it, while seeking indications of the circulation of those ideas in Brazil. To perform an historiographic research, which aims to the writing of a historic narrative, we use the theoretical contributions of the Cultural History based on Burke and Chartier and the studies about the circulation and appropriation of ideas by Oliveira and Warde. As sources of the research are the reports of those movements, textbooks on algebra and arithmetic teaching, notes from a conference given by Othello S. Reis about the insertion of algebra in the primary school, and other documents. It was found that a Committee of fifteen was created to propose changes in the U.S. primary school because of a previous study, done by the Committee of ten. One of the proposals of both committees can be highlighted: the teaching of algebra topics in the two last years of the primary school. The ideas of the committee about algebra were brought to Brazil, in an explicit way, in one conference presented by Othello S. Reis, and it was revealed that those ideas had already been presented in Antonio Trajano’s textbooks, in editions that preceded the committee’s study.
CAESAREAN SECTION RATE AND INDICATIONS AT SULAIMANI MATERNITY TEACHING HOSPITAL WITH REVIEW OF LITERATURE
Authors: Mustafa Chnur , Mahmood Maryam
Published: January 2020

Background 
Caesarean section (C-section) is a frequent obstetric intervention for saving the lives of women and their newborns from childbirth-related complications.
Objectives
The aim was to know the rate and indications of C-section in the Kurdistan-Iraq. 
Patients and Methods
Retrospectively-collected data from a single large public institution, Maternity Teaching Hospital, in Kurdistan-Iraq was analysed. All women giving birth in 2016 with a known birth outcome were included. Those who underwent C-section were identified, and indications were recorded. Data analysed using descriptive statistics. A review of literature looking at rate and indication of C-section was performed.
Results
Five thousand and eight hundred sixty (38.4%) of mothers who gave birth from 15235, required C-section. The total number of born-baby was 18573; of them, 259 babies died (1.4%)—(192, 74.1%) following Normal Vaginal Delivery and (67, 25.9%) during C-section. 27% of mothers were primigravida, and the rest were multigravida. Emergency C-section was performed in 4106 (70.1%). The history of ≥2 C-sections was the main indication for C-section (25.7%) followed by breech presentation (13.9%), fetal distress (12.5%), failure of progress (11.9%), failure of induction (11.8%), antepartum haemorrhage (8.3%) and pre-eclampsia (6.8%). There were three maternal mortalities (0.01%), but no maternal mortality following C-section
Conclusion
With the continued war against the Islamic state and economic turmoil, health service in Kurdistan suffered most, but with the goodwill of healthcare professionals, our institution showed comparable results to places elsewhere. Monitoring of clinical indications of C-section is needed to ensure the rational use of the procedure.
Selecting a k-ε turbulence model for investigating n-decane combustion in a diesel engine combustion chamber
Authors: Avramenko Andrii
Published: January 2020

The results of a comparative numerical simulation of combustion and formation of toxic substances in a diesel engine combustion chamber are given. Experimental findings were used to identify the mathematical models. The impact of the standard, RNG and realizable k-ε turbulence models on the accuracy of numerical simulation of combustion and the formation of toxic substances was studied. The realizable k-ε turbulence model was shown to provide a closer agreement of computational and experimental data during simulation of the diesel engine process when turbulent flows are described.
Fitness to drive in seizure and epilepsy: A protocol for Iranian clinicians
Authors: Tabrizi Nasim
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Driving restriction is a well-known undesirable consequence of epilepsy and causes significant problems regarding independence and employment for epileptic patients. Many countries all over the world have provided comprehensive protocols in this regard with the aim of providing the possibility of less restricted, but safe driving for epileptic patients and also providing the opportunity for uniform decision-making for clinicians. However, the available fitness to drive protocol in Iran still lacks sufficient details and clinicians might encounter serious problems in terms of the driving issue in epileptic patients. In order to provide a uniform protocol containing adequate practical data, a systematic review of literature addressing guidelines about driving and epilepsy and driving laws of different countries for epileptic patients was performed and, after consideration of cultural issues, a practical protocol for Iranian neurologists was suggested.
Introduction
The negative impact of seizures on the quality of life (QOL) of epileptic patients has been acknowledged. Seizures particularly influence the social aspects of life including work, driving, interpersonal relations, and education.1-10 One of the most restricting factors of epilepsy is prohibition of driving that might have adverse effects on QOL, independence, and working capabilities.11-15 The main rationale behind limited rules for driving in epileptic patients is obviously the risk of occurrence of seizure during driving that might lead to significant injuries in patients and others. The first traffic accident due to a seizure has been reported in 1906,16 and for a few decades after that, a permanent driving ban law was enforced for all epileptic patients.17 Gradually, with the initiation of diagnostic advances and more common use of first antiepileptic drugs (AEDs), the conditional driving license in certain circumstances was allowed and some countries started to provide a comprehensive protocol to cover different types of seizures with the aim of providing the
Thrombolytic treatment in stroke mimic, inevitable but fortunately safe: An observational study from Iran
Authors: Esmaeili Sara , Afrakhteh Motahareh , Bahadori Maryam , Shojaei Seyedeh Fahimeh , Ashayeri Rezan , Mehrpour Masoud
Published: January 2020

Background: A number of patients with symptoms of acute cerebral ischemia may have other causes called stroke mimics (SM). The prevalence of SM can be as high as 31% in some reports, and these patients are potentially at the risk of intravenous thrombolysis (IVT) therapy and its complications. This study was designed to determine the prevalence of our center’s SM (Firoozgar Hospital) among patients who received IVT, their baseline characteristics, final diagnoses, and outcomes.
Methods: We reviewed the medical records of all patients who received IVT between June 2015 and May 2018. The following variables were collected: demographic characteristics, past medical history, onset-to-needle (OTN) time, door-to-needle (DTN) time, National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) score at admission, brain imaging, and all paraclinic findings. Functional outcome at discharge based on modified Rankin Scale (mRS) was also assessed.
Results: 10 out of 165 (6.0%) patients including 8 men and 4 women were finally diagnosed with SM. The median age and NIHSS score at presentation were 60 years and 7, respectively. Final diagnoses were seizure (n = 6), hemiplegic migraine (n = 2), conversion (n = 1), and alcohol intoxication (n = 1). All patients were discharged with a mRS score of 0 and 1 without experiencing any thrombolytic adverse effects.
Conclusion: None of the patients with SM experienced any adverse effect of tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) including hemorrhage and all of them reached good mRS score. This shows that tPA is generally safe and the risk of treating patients with SM is very low and making a vital treatment decision may outweigh the risk of neglected cases in a time-sensitive setting.
A survey from Turkey and Iran on comparison of risk factors and etiology in ischemic stroke
Authors: Senel Gulcin Benbir , Elmali Ayse Deniz , Mehrvar Kaveh , Farhoudi Mehdi , Aboutalebi Mohammad , Rezaei Mahsa , Ince Birsen
Published: January 2020

Although various advancements have been made to control incidence of stroke, the overall incidence, and the rate of morbidity of stroke, still increase in developing countries.1-3 In last years, the epidemiologic studies on ischemic stroke have been widely increased in Turkey and Iran.1-3 These two countries are located in similar geography with a similar historical background, though the environmental factors and lifestyle of general population in these two neighboring countries show peculiar differences. In this study, we aimed to make a comparison between data from Turkey and from Iran, in terms of etiologies and risk factors of ischemic stroke, to reveal region-related similarities or country-related differences.
We reviewed the files of 2534 patients with ischemic stroke followed up for 15 years in our Cerebrovascular Outpatient Clinics in Faculty of Neurology, Istanbul University (Cerrahpasa), Istanbul, Turkey. Data collection in Iran was made from 2314 patients with ischemic stroke followed up for 6 years in Stroke Unit, Neurosciences Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran. In the etiological classification, both centers used the Trial of ORG 10172 in Acute Stroke Treatment (TOAST) criteria4 upon clinical data, neurological examinations findings, and neuroimaging characteristics. Risk factors were recorded in detail, the statistical analyses were performed with the SPSS software (version 21, IBM Corporation, Armonk, NY, USA). Statistical tests used in the analysis were as χ2 or Fisher’s test for independent categorical variables, Student’s t test for normally distributed independent numerical variables, and Mann-Whitney U for not normally distributed independent numerical variables. The effects of covariates and independent variables were investigated by logistic regression.
Amyotrophic onset in GCH1 dopa-responsive dystonia
Authors: Habibi Seyed Amir Hasan , Albanese Alberto , E. Elia Antonio , Arfa-Fatollahkhani Paria , Hashemi Neda
Published: January 2020

Dopa-responsive dystonia (DRD) belongs to combined dystonia syndrome (dystonia-plus syndrome)1 which encompasses non-degenerative and neurometabolic disorders characterized by combination of dystonia as the prominent sign, with another movement manifestation. Parkinsonism and myoclonus are the main disturbances accompany dystonia in the combined dystonia syndrome. Dystonia with parkinsonism includes DRD [DYT5, tyrosine hydroxylase (TH), and sepiapterin reductase (SPR)], dopamine agonist-responsive dystonia, rapid-onset dystonia parkinsonism (DYT12), and early-onset dystonia with parkinsonism (DYT16). However, dystonia combined with myoclonus is just classified as myoclonus dystonia (DYT11).2 DRD can be inherited in either autosomal dominant or autosomal recessive patterns. The autosomal dominant inheritance results in the typical phenotype of DRD, known as DYT5 or Segawa disease, which is caused by heterozygous mutations of guanosine triphosphate (GTP) cyclohydrolase I gene (GCH1). Mutations of the TH and SPR genes are responsible for autosomal recessive types of DRD.3
DYT5 is represented as progressive lower limbs dystonia with childhood-onset at the common age of 2-5 years. It shows diurnal fluctuations, which are aggravated toward the evening and alleviated by sleeping. Excellent and sustained response to the low dose of levodopa is the marked feature of DYT5 disease. Additional parkinsonism and spasticity may present later in life.4
Moreover, hemiatrophy of the brain, body, or both has been reported in patients with DRD, associated with a biochemical lesion located in basal ganglia.5 However, focal atrophy and muscle weakness rarely accompanies DRD. Interestingly, we aimed to introduce weakness and focal muscle atrophy as the onset manifestations of DRD in an elderly man misdiagnosed for about 70 years.
“Disability Grief”: A patient’s allegorical expression of her disability
Authors: Naser Moghadasi Abdorreza
Published: January 2020

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune disabling disease of the central nervous system, and can lead to a wide range of symptoms. Although the most common form of MS is relapsing-remitting, most of the patients also will develop disability in the future due to the natural course of the disease.1,2 The disease onset mostly occurs in 27 years of age.3 Therefore, considering the symptoms and complications of the disease, it can virtually affect the whole life of the patient. Unfortunately, there is not any accurate study of the opinions of patients with MS regarding their illness. However, in the daily work of treatment, one of the well-known cases of severe discomfort expressed by patients is the fear of future disability. This issue is aggravated when a person starts to lose abilities. When the patient experiences disability in walking and a decrease in his/her daily activities, thinking about the future becomes one of his/her major concerns.
Most patients express these concerns in their visits. However, a patient who has other abilities such as poetry, writing a story, or painting, can more effectively portray concerns.
The painting reported here is the allegorical view of a patient about her disability.
The patient is a 37-year-old woman who has had MS for 15 years. Her illness started with the right eye optic neuritis. She has had six attacks during this period and, after 9 years, her disease entered the secondary progressive phase. Her symptom in this stage was the weakness of the right lower extremity, which was gradually deteriorating such as difficulty in walking. Now, she is unable to walk without help. This disability has affected all aspects of her life, and has greatly diminished her quality of life. She has been interested in drawing since childhood, and has drawn as a non-professional artist. One of her paintings reported here (Figure 1), according to the patient herself, reflects her perception and grief over her progressive disability. She believes that she should say goodbye to her ability and good days of the past. She painted herself as someone (when she could walk unrestrictedly) moving away along with a balloon
Sulfur dioxide: Behaviour and trends at the industrial city of Araucaria/Brazil
Authors: Castelhano Francisco Jablinski
Published: January 2020

Introduction: It is known that the levels of sulfur dioxide have a close rela- tionship to the industrial emissions and they are also related to the climate, but it’s dispersion its mainly caused by the wind dynamics. The goal of this paper is to analyze the behaviour of this compound in two stations at Araucária city, in the state of Paraná, Southern Brazil, the city which is located in the indus- trial zone of Curitiba, the capital of the state.
Materials and methods: Measurements of SO2 were done in two monitoring stations in different regions of the city; one was located in the industrial zone
and the other one was a residential zone. A basic statistical treatment was per- formed the R, which includes the construction of time series plots, histograms and analysis of SO2 levels and wind direction. The Theil-Sen trend estimator was applied on both time series in order to understand the past and present behaviour of the pollutant.
Results: The analysis of wind and SO2 levels revealed a straight relationship between the location of the industrial zone and air pollution. The trend calcu- lation revealed for both stations, similar situations, in which the sulfur dioxide levels are decreasing.
Conclusion: During this research, it was possible to notice that there is an environmental problem on the suburbs of the city with a direct result from urban growth and the lack of planning for the suburban areas. This study reinforces the importance of urban planning policies as well as monitoring and fiscalization
National and sub-national estimation of benzene emission trend into atmosphere in Iran from 1990 to 2013
Authors: Shamsipour Mansour , Aghaei Mina , Kalteh Safa , Hassanvand Mohammad Sadegh , Gohari Kimiya , Yunesian Farzad , Amini Heresh
Published: January 2020

Introduction: Exposure to benzene has been associated with a range of acute and long-term adverse health effects. We aimed to estimate national and provincial level of benzene emissions from 1990 to 2013 in Iran.
Materials and methods: Benzene emission was estimated through two main sources: unburned benzene content of fuel and evaporated benzene. Unburned benzene content of fuel estimated by gasoline consumption rate, kilometers traveled by non-diesel-based cars, and benzene emission factor. Evaporated benzene estimated by evaporated gasoline and volumetric percentile of benzene.      
        Results:
The estimated provincial annual mean benzene estimation range was between 5.9 (ton) and 1590 (ton) from 1990 to 2013. Our results showed that maximum benzene emission over the past 24 years occurred in Tehran, (Mean± SD) (1147.2±308.5) (ton)), Isfahan (423.4±132) (ton)), Khorasan Razavi (410.4±122.2) (ton)) provinces, respectively. There was an upward trend in the benzene emission into atmosphere at national and subnational level from 1990 to 2007. Also a significant decrease trend is observed from 2008 to 2013.
Conclusion: The findings of this study will provide an insight into the extent of emitted benzene in the atmosphere at different regions of Iran for policy makers and scientists and may be a groundwork for field studies on benzene concentration estimation.
Identification allergen Cladosporium spores concentration in the ambient of Ahvaz wastewater treatment plant and their relationship with meteorological variables, Ahvaz, Iran
Authors: Talepour Nastaran , Hassanvand Mohammad Sadegh , Abbasi-Montazeri Effat , Latifi Seyed Mahmoud , Jaafarzadeh Haghighi Fard Neamat
Published: January 2020

Introduction: Airborne Cladosporium spores in different regions of the world are known as the main cause of allergic diseases. This study aimed to identify the Cladosporium species airborne fungi in Ahvaz wastewater treat- ment plant area and its adjacent places and check the effect of some meteoro- logical parameters on their emissions.
Materials and methods: Cladosporium spores were cultured on Sabouraud`s dextrose agar (SDA) medium in both cold and warm seasons. The passive sampling method was performed and after incubation, colonies were counted as CFU/Plate/h. Then, according to the macroscopic and microscopic charac- teristics of the genus, the fungal was studied. The meteorological parameters including temperature, humidity, air pressure, dew point, wind speed, and ultraviolet index were measured.
Results: At least, 3358 colonies were counted. 1433 colonies were related  to the Cladosporium species. The amount of Cladosporium in indoor air was 46% of the total Cladosporium. The average of meteorological parameters includes temperature, humidity, air pressure, dew point, wind speed and UV index during the study were 27.8 °C, 32.9%, 548.7 °Kpa, 3.6°, 9.1 km / h and 3.9 respectively. 42.6% of the total number of colonies was related to the Cladosporium species. Cladospiromes had a direct correlation with the dew point, temperature, humidity, air pressure, wind speed, and ultraviolet index (Pvalue<0.05). Primary sludge dewatering has the greatest role in the Cladospo-
rium spores emission.
Conclusion: Considering the importance of Cladosporium spores in the ap- pearance of allergic diseases, and given that wastewater treatment workers spend most of their time outside, observing health and preventive measures is necessary in this regard.
From Prussia to Russia: Russian critics of “Aerztliche Ethik”
Authors: Lichterman Boleslav
Published: January 2020

The aim of this paper is to compare “Zapiski Vracha” (“Confessions of a Physician”, first published in 1901) by Vikenty Veresaev to “Aerztliche Ethik” (“Doctors’ Ethics”, first published in 1902; two Russian editions were published in 1903 and 1904) by Albert Moll. It starts with an overview of medical ethics in Russia at the turn of the 20th century in relation to zemstvo medicine, followed by reception of Veresaev’s “Confessions of a Physician” by Russian and German physicians, and of Moll’s “Doctors’ Ethics” in Russia. Comparison of these two books may serve as a good example of a search for common philosophical foundations of medical ethics as well as the impact of national cultural traditions.
Methods used in mobile applications for the diagnosis of hearing loss: A systematic mapping study
Authors: Vizcaíno Hebert Leonidas Atencio , Perdomo Verónica Paulina Tintín , Caizabuano José Rubén Caiza , Altamirano Fernando Sebastián Caicedo
Published: January 2020

Hearing loss is one of the most common health problems today, it can appear at any age and the causes are varied, in order to prevent it or adapt to the changes brought about by the hearing impairment, it is necessary to diagnose it in time. The technology in terms of applications for health care smartphones has constantly evolved, so that today play an important role and are among the most downloaded from application stores, several of these applications are the diagnosis of hearing loss and use the method of pure tones. In this study a Systematic Mapping of Literature SMS (Systematic Mapping Study) is made to look for mobile applications that use other diagnostic methods that offer similar or better results, of the 13 applications found, 11 used the method of pure tones and in only 2 of them was implemented the speech audiometry (word recognition), concludes that diagnostic hearing loss tests based on mobile applications are reliable alternatives to conventional audiometric systems, and that pure tone thresholds alone are an incomplete assessment of hearing, and there is a need to develop new hearing measurement methods and combine them with other methods to complement the diagnosis.
Resumen: La pérdida de la audición es uno de los problemas de salud más comunes en la actualidad, puede aparecer a cualquier edad y las causas son variadas, para poder prevenirla o adaptarse a los cambios que conlleva la deficiencia auditiva, es necesario diagnosticarla a tiempo. La tecnología en cuanto a aplicaciones para smartphones de asistencia de salud ha evolucionado constantemente, tal es así que hoy en día juegan un papel importante y son de las más descargadas de las tiendas de aplicaciones, varias de esas aplicaciones son las de diagnóstico de pérdida auditiva y utilizan el método de los tonos puros. En este estudio se hace un Mapeo Sistemático de Literatura SMS (Systematic Mapping Study) para buscar aplicaciones móviles que utilicen otros métodos de diagnóstico que ofrezcan similares o mejores resultados, de las 13 aplicaciones encontradas, 11 utilizaron el método de los tonos puros y en solo 2 de ellas se implementó la logoaudiometria (reconocimiento de palabras), por lo que se concluye que las pruebas de diagnóstico de pérdida auditiva basadas en aplicaciones móviles, son alternativas confiables a los sistemas de audiometría convencionales,  y que los umbrales de tonos puros por sí solos son una evaluación incompleta de la audición, y existe la necesidad de desarrollar nuevos métodos de medición de audición y combinarlos con otros métodos para complementar el diagnóstico.
Application of Genetic Algorithms Technique in the Generation of Academic Schedules
Authors: Gómez Jason , Arcos-Medina Gloria , Pástor Danilo
Published: January 2020

This paper presents an application to solve the problem of low efficiency in the generation of academic schedules for an educational institution through metaheuristic techniques. The agile SCRUM methodology was used for the planning and development of the system, in addition a sample of four processes for the evaluation of system efficiency was determined. In the planning phase, 15 user stories, 13 technical stories and 19 system sprints were identified. In the development phase the design of the architecture, interfaces, database was carried out. The process for working the genetic algorithms in the generation of schedules through the processes of initialization, selection, crossing, mutation and recombination was carried out until compliance with an objective function thus obtaining an academic schedule with the conditions that the educational institution requires. To evaluate the efficiency of the system, the ISO/ IEC 25010 standard was used through the sub-characteristics of time behavior and resource utilization. The results obtained in time behavior reveal that with the use of the system it is reduced by 99.12%, compared to the manual processes thus showing a total efficiency of 93.75%.
Resumen. Este trabajo presenta una aplicación para resolver el problema de la poca eficiencia en la generación de horarios académicos para una institución educativa    a través de técnicas metaheurísticas. Se utilizó la metodología ágil SCRUM para la planificación y desarrollo del sistema, además se determinó una muestra de cuatro procesos para la evaluación de eficiencia del sistema. En la fase de planificación se identificaron 15 historias de usuario, 13 historias técnicas y 19 sprints del sistema. En la fase de desarrollo se realizó el diseño de la arquitectura, interfaces, base de datos, además se señaló el proceso de como los algoritmos genéticos trabajan en  la generación de horarios mediante los procesos de inicialización, selección, cruce, mutación y recombinación hasta cumplir con una función objetivo obteniendo así   un horario académico con las condiciones que la institución educativa requiere.  Para evaluar la eficiencia del sistema se utilizó la norma ISO/IEC 25010 a través de las subcaracterísticas de comportamiento de tiempos y utilización de recursos. Los resultados obtenidos en cuanto a tiempos revelan que con el uso del sistema se reduce en un 99.12% en comparación a los procesos manuales, mostrando así una eficiencia total del 93.75%.
Luis Jimena Quesada, Devaluación y blindaje del Estado social y democrático de derecho, Editorial Tirant lo Blanch, Valencia, 2017, 100 pp., ISBN 9788491199960
Authors: Al Hasani Maturano Amir
Published: January 2020

El dominio que el autor presenta de los derechos sociales se constata perfectamente en la obra, al asumir un encaje práctico. Por ende, se confirma de manera impecable en la obra, su experiencia como miembro en la European Social Charter Academic Network del Consejo de Europa y en el ejercicio como miembro del Comité Europeo de Derechos Sociales del Consejo de Europa. Habiendo sido parte activa en el contexto doctrinal europeo.
Las compañías extranjeras en la tecnificación de la ciudad a comienzos del siglo XX
Authors: Salazar-Marulanda Carolina
Published: January 2020

El presente trabajo enmarca el proceso de tecnificación de las ciudades a partir del planeamiento y diseño de obras públicas para tender redes de agua y sanear las infraestructuras urbanas en los inicios del siglo XX. Desde los adelantos conseguidos en la Revolución Industrial y la transformación técnica de los procesos por medio de nuevos materiales y procesos científicos, los profesionales se alejaron de los sistemas artesanales para incorporar normativas y herramientas en la búsqueda de ambientes saludables, libres de epidemias y enfermedades. Así, los avances alcanzados por la ciencia fueron aplicados por compañías europeas y norteamericanas que, mediante el desarrollo de infraestructuras enfocadas en conseguir productividad, eficiencia y comodidad, tomaron la ciudad como escenario para introducir masivamente tecnologías y herramientas de vanguardia. De esta manera, la compañía inglesa Pearson & Son evidencia la intervención extranjera como el medio a través del cual se desarrollaron las redes de servicios públicos, que desencadenaron los mayores procesos de urbanización en las primeras décadas del siglo XX.
Entre a cura e a prevenção
Authors: Mota André
Published: January 2020

A medicina social e a saúde pública, nascidas entre os séculos XVIII e XIX, buscaram na normatização da doença, pelo campo da observação clínica e laboratorial, um estado desviante do corpo que deveria ser recomposto dentro dos padrões de normalidade e do cumprimento de suas funções vitais num todo orgânico. Num sentido alargado do indivíduo para a sociedade, coligiam-se o estado normal em função da maior ou menor manifestação de sintomas, que nada mais eram, de acordo com essa posição, que a demonstração de desvios patológicos. Esses desvios seriam balizados por um “estado-padrão normativo”, uma ordem reguladora.
Politika straha i uzlet „novog despotizma“
Authors: Podunavac Milan
Published: January 2020

Demokratski optimizam devedestih godina prošlog veka zamenjuje osobita forma javnog razočarenja u demokratiju. Kriza demokratije praćena institucionalnim deficitima, konfuzijom, niskim stepenom upravljačke sposobnosti da se rešavaju pitanja siromaštva, nezaposlenosti, imigracije, korupcije, simptomi su ovoga stanja. Globalni val populizma najizoštreniji je izraz ove političke patologije. Početak novoga veka rađa uzlet otvorenog neprijateljstva prema demokratiji. Deskriptivni pristupi oslonjeni na proceduralnu dimenziju režima moći („hibridni režimi“, „ograničena demokratija“ „iliberalna demokratija“, „kompetitivni autoritarizam“ ) pokazuju se nedostatnim. U ovome radu autor se vraća klasičnom konceptu „despotizma“ i pokazuje normative i teorisjke prednosti ovoga koncepta („novi despotizam“) u analizi novoga režima moći koji izrasta na pretpostvkama sve šireg nepoverenja u demokratske instituciije.
Rapid Removal of Azophloxine via Catalytic Degradation by A Novel Heterogeneous Catalyst under Visible Light
Authors: Wu Di , Xia Kequan , Fang Chengzhu , Chen Xuegang , Ye Ying
Published: January 2020

Azo dyes are the most widely used synthetic dyes in the printing and dyeing process. However, the discharge of untreated azo dyes poses potential threat for human health and aqueous ecosystem. Herein, we fabricated a novel heterogenous catalyst - activated carbon fiber-supported ferric alginate (FeAlg-ACF) . Together with peroxymonosulfate (PMS) and visible light, this photocatalytic oxidation system was used to remove an azo dye - azophloxine. The results indicated that the proposed catalytic oxidation system can remove 100% azophloxine within 24 min, while under the same system, the removal rate was only 92 % and 84 % when ferric alginate was replaced with ferric citrate and ferric oxalate respectively, which showed the superiority of activated carbon fiber-supported ferric alginate. The degradation of azophloxine is achieved by the active radicals (SO4•− and •OH) released from PMS and persistent free radicals from activated carbon fiber. After treating for 24 min, the total organic carbon of azophloxine solution (50 μmol/L) decreased from 1.82 mg/L to 79.3 μg/L and the nitrate concentration of ions increased from 0.3 mg/L to 8.6 mg/L. That is, up to 93.5% azophloxine molecules were completely degraded into inorganic compounds. Consequently, potential secondary contamination by intermediate organic products during catalytic degradation was prohibited. The azophloxine removal ratio was kept almost constant after seven cycles, indicating the recyclability and longevity of this system. Furthermore, the azophloxine removal was still promising at high concentrations of Cl-, HCO3-, CO32-. Therefore, our proposed system is potentially effective to remove dye pollutants from seawater. It provides a feasible method for the development of efficient and environmental friendly PMS activation technology combined with FeAlg-ACF, has significant academic and application value.
Recovery of Copper from Leached-Tailing Solutions by Biosorption
Authors: Cortés Sonia , Soto Elizabeth E. , Ordóñez Javier I.
Published: January 2020

Mining is one of the main economic activities of several developing countries as Chile. Due to the progressive fall of the ore grades and the increasingly refractory composition of minerals, concentrating plants have increased that has led to an increase in the generation of tailings. Tailings, especially those obtained in the past, have remaining copper and other valuable species in quantities that can potentially be recovered, such as gold, silver, vanadium and rare earth elements. This transforms this abundant waste into a potential source of precious or strategic metals for secondary mining. One of the techniques of solid-liquid separation that allows the processing of solutions with low concentrations of metals corresponds to the adsorption, and more recently the biosorption, which is based on the use of biological matrices that do not constitute an environmental liability after application. Biosorption occurs as a consequence of the wide variety of active functional groups present in the different types of biomass. Bacterial, fungal, plant and algal biomasses have been described as biosorbents, mainly for the treatment of diluted and simple solutions. This work aims to recover copper from leached tailings using biomass of the red algae Gracilaria chilensis as a biosorbent. The tailing samples were taken from an abandoned deposit in the north of Chile and after an acid leaching copper was biosorbed, for which the kinetics of adsorption and the equilibrium isotherms were studied, applying the Freundlich and Langmuir models. Operational parameters such as adsorbent dose, pH and initial metal concentration were studied.
Modification Tests to Optimize the Compaction Quality Control in Core Slate Random Embankments for Highways
Authors: Teijón-López-Zuazo Evelio , Benta Agostinho , Vega-Zamanillo Angel , Calzada- Pérez Miguel Ángel , Robles-Miguel Ángel
Published: January 2020

Particle size can pose a challenge to random embankment compaction control methods, where practical techniques have hardly been developed and procedural control is used instead. In order to develop new quality control procedures for slate random fill, the necessary fieldwork and laboratory tests were carried out. This involved the revision of certain methods such as the wheel-tracking or topographic settlement tests. More than four thousand five hundred in-situ density and moisture content measurements were carried out for this research. In addition, more than five hundred and eighty topographic settlements and nine hundred and sixty wheel-tracking carriage tests were performed. The quality control processes were completed with more than one hundred and thirty plate bearing tests. Possible evidence of statistical correlations between compaction control tests were identified. An analysis of variance (ANOVA) was performed. When testing proved relationships between them, the replacement of one of them by the other was assessed by deduction. Finally, the study suggests new procedures for compaction quality control of random slate fill used in core area.
Reflection Analysis of Impermeable Slopes under Bimodal Sea Conditions
Authors: Orimoloye Stephen , Karunarathna Harshinie , Reeve Dominic
Published: January 2020

Understanding of reflection characteristics of coastal seawalls is crucial for design. Wave reflection can cause difficulties to small vessel manoeuvring at the harbour entrance and constitute damaging scouring at the toe of coastal structures. Previous studies have considered reflection characteristics of coastal seawalls under wind-generated random waves without paying attention to the effects of wave bimodality created by the presence of swell waves. The present study focuses on the influence of random wave bimodality on reflective characteristics of coastal seawalls. More than eight hundred experimental tests have been conducted to examine the reflection performance of impermeable sloping seawalls under bimodal waves. Reflection coefficients were computed from each test. Analysis of results suggests that both unimodal and bimodal waves give similar reflection characteristics. However, the reflection coefficient in bimodal sea states seems to be more prolonged than in the unimodal sea states. It was found that the reflection coefficient of coastal seawalls is strongly influenced by the seawall slope, the wave steepness, relative water depth, and the surf similarity parameters. A new empirical reflection equation to describe the influence of wave bimodality on the reflection characteristics of coastal seawalls has been formulated based on this study.
Stem Cell Therapy for Diabetes: Beta Cells versus Pancreatic Progenitors
Authors: Abdelalim Essam , Memon Bushra
Published: January 2020

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is one of the most prevalent metabolic disorders. In order to replace the function of the destroyed pancreatic beta cells in diabetes, islet transplantation is the widely practiced treatment; however, it has several limitations. As an alternative approach, human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) can provide an unlimited source of pancreatic cells that have the ability to secrete insulin in response to high blood glucose level. However, determination of the appropriate pancreatic lineage candidate for the purpose of cell therapy for treatment of diabetes is still debated upon. While hPSC-derived beta cells are perceived as the ultimate candidate, the efficiency needs further improvement in order to obtain a sufficient number of glucose responsive β-cells for transplantation therapy. On the other hand, hPSC-derived pancreatic progenitors can be efficiently generated in vitro and can further mature into glucose responsive beta cells in vivo after transplantation. Herein, we discuss the advantages and predicted challenges associated with the use of each of the two pancreatic lineage products for diabetes cell therapy. Furthermore, we address co-generation of functionally relevant islet cell subpopulations and structural properties contributing to glucose responsiveness of beta cells, as well as the available encapsulation technology for these cells.
Possibilities of PRECISE-DAPT Score for Risk Prediction of Ischemic and Hemorrhagic Events in ST-Elevated Myocardial Infarction (According to the Data of the Registry Study in Kemerovo)
Authors: Sedykh D. Yu. , Kashtalap V. V. , Velieva R. M. , Barbarash O. L.
Published: January 2020

Aim.We aimed to study in real clinical practice the clinical and anamnestic characteristics, the peculiarities of double antiplatelet therapy (DAPT) prescription as well the incidence of ischemic and hemorrhagic events in patients with ST-elevated myocardial infarction (MI) during a year of follow-up, taking into account the baseline PRECISE-DAPT scores.

Material and methods.The study included 680 patients with MI from the database of Kemerovo observational registry for acute coronary syndrome (ACS). All the patients retrospectively underwent an individual calculation using the PRECISE-DAPT score. Then, depending on the number of the points, all the patients were divided into the low (less than 25 points) and high (25 or more points) risks groups. Differences in clinical and anamnestic parameters, the peculiarities of DAPT prescription, as well as the incidence of ischemic and hemorrhagic outcomes during a year of follow-up after MI were estimated in the groups.

Results.The Russian patients with ST-elevated MI and the high PRECISE-DAPT hemorrhagic risk score had a history of renal pathology (р=0.010), multivessel coronary artery disease and polyvascular disease (р=0.002), prior angina pectoris (р=0.001), as well as the course of the index event with the manifestations of acute coronary failure (р=0.001) more often than the patients from the low-risk group. The patients of the high-risk group less often underwent coronary angiography with stenting (р=0.001), as well as coronary artery bypass grafting (р=0.010) at hospitalization and had a higher in-hospital mortality rate (р=0.002). The patients at high hemorrhagic risk according to the PRECISE-DAPT score were less often prescribed with DAPT within a year after MI (р=0.001) and aspirin monotherapy was preferred more often (р=0.001). At the same time, the patients at high hemorrhagic risk on the PRECISE-DAPT score had more often major bleedings, recurrent MI and deaths (р=0.001) within a year after MI.

Conclusion.In the present study, the possibilities of risk assessment with the PRECISE-DAPT score were retrospectively tested on the sample of patients with MI from the ACS registry in Kemerovo city. Good identification of patients with the high risks of hemorrhagic events and ischemic outcomes within 12 months of the follow-up after index MI has been shown, which allows to recommend the PRECISE-DAPT score for a clinical practice in order to rationalize the approaches to DAPT prescription and to optimize the existing approaches to the comprehensive risk assessment of patients with ACS along with existing scales.
Herpetofauna from two municipalities of southwestern Colombia
Authors: Pinto-Erazo María Alejandra , Calderón Espinosa Martha Lucía , Medina Rangel Guido Fabian , Méndez Galeano Miguel Ángel
Published: January 2020

Se presenta un listado preliminar de la herpetofauna de los municipios de Tumaco y Francisco Pizarro, departamento de Nariño, Colombia, ubicados al sur del Chocó biogeográfico, basado en datos de campo y búsquedas en base de datos y literatura. Registramos 25 especies de anfibios y 55 de reptiles, siendo las familias Hylidae y Craugastoridae (anfibios) y las familias Colubridae y Dactyloidae (reptiles) las de mayor riqueza, patrón similar al observado a escala global. Se reportan dos nuevos registros de especies para Colombia (Pristimantis walkeri y Scinax tsachila), así como extensiones de distribución geográfica (Allobates talamancae, Anolis auratus, Dendropsophus ebraccatus, Gonatodes albogularis y Scinax sugillatus). Las curvas de acumulación de especies y la cobertura de muestreo revelan que se necesitan más estudios de campo para complementar esta lista, especialmente los estudios que utilizan metodologías enfocadas en especies acuáticas y fosoriales, y que podría haber un efecto de la deforestación en la diversidad de la herpetofauna, lo cual concuerda con la falta de anfibios de dosel y la presencia exclusiva de especies asociadas a la hojarasca o al interior del bosque en las localidades con mejor cobertura vegetal.
Aves del Parque Nacional Natural Chingaza y zona de amortiguación, Cordillera Oriental de Colombia
Authors: Linares Luis Guillermo
Published: January 2020

Describimos la composición de especies de aves del Parque Nacional Natural (PNN) Chingaza y su zona de amortiguación, a partir de la revisión de 10 estudios ornitológicos, trabajo de campo entre 2008–2017 y la expedición Colombia Bio en 2018. Reportarmos para el PNN Chingaza y su zona de amortiguación un total de 531 especies, agrupadas en 339 géneros y 57 familias. Seis especies presentes en el parque son endémicas de Colombia, 14 casi endémicas, 1 en peligro crítico, 6 en peligro, 4 vulnerables, 3 casi amenazadas y 37 migratorias. Esta lista incluye 149 especies adicionales a la información previamente conocida por datos publicados y colecciones ornitológicas. Adicionalmente, generamos códigos de barras genéticos, con base en secuencias del gen mitocondrial COI, para 74 especies y presentamos los primeros registros genéticos de Colombia en la plataforma para códigos de barra genéticos Barcode of Life Datasystems (BOLD) para Dysithamnus leucostictus, Chamaeza turdina, Rupicola peruvianus, Atlapetes semirufus, Euphonia mesochrysa y Chlorospingus flavopectus olsoni.  El presente listado es una herramienta para incentivar el estudio y conservación de las aves en este sector de la Cordillera Oriental colombiana.