bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The role of sociomateriality in the formalisation and legitimation practices of openness paradox
Authors: Heinzen Cassia Goulart , Lavarda Rosalia Aldraci Barbosa , Bellucci Christiane
Published: August 2024

Purpose

This study seeks to comprehend how sociomateriality influences the openness paradox within the context of open strategising.

Design/methodology/approach

We adopted a qualitative approach and developed a case study as a research method. The data included 10 semi-structured interviews, direct observation and documentary analysis, including virtual documents, collaborative platforms and communication systems.

Findings

We found that sociomateriality influences the transition between openness and closure in open strategy (OS) dimensions, namely inclusion, participation and transparency, once organisational practitioners actively build on social relationships and engage with material elements within this paradoxical context.

Research limitations/implications

The primary limitation was the challenge of managing extensive data, especially tracking all meetings and interactions. Nonetheless, we aimed to provide a comprehensive view and meaningful insights from the data. Future research could employ mixed methods to achieve a more holistic understanding of the phenomenon.

Practical implications

By understanding the role of formalisation and legitimation played by sociomateriality during open strategising, practitioners can navigate the complexities of balancing openness and closure, fostering innovation and engagement while ensuring the legitimacy of strategising. Recognising the coexistence of exclusions in social practices enables society to comprehend this paradox and highlight the need to address it, fostering an inclusive environment and promoting balanced openness in various social contexts.

Originality/value

Our study contributes to the OS literature by highlighting the role of sociomateriality in shaping the openness and closure interplay. Additionally, we emphasise the importance of formalisation and legitimation practices involving materiality in the balance between openness and closure in a context where openness is deemed essential for strategic success.
Disruptive technologies for knowledge management: bibliometric review and patent analysis
Authors: Lim Jihye , Hwang Junseok
Published: August 2024

Purpose

Technological tools for knowledge management (KM) actively support and enhance knowledge acquisition and sharing in organizations. However, technology for KM has been understudied, especially in terms of disruptive technologies (DTs). There is a need to identify how DTs, which are becoming increasingly important in industry and society, are applied to KM and their impact. This paper aims to examine the current state of technology and DT adoption in KM.

Design/methodology/approach

The analysis involves four steps. First, we examine the current status of DT in academia through a keyword co-occurrence network of literature. Second, we analyze the technological convergence (TC) of KM technology through the cooperative patent classification code co-classification analysis of patents. Third, we explore the main topics of KM technologies using BERTopic, and finally, we explore the introduction of DT into KM technologies and suggest potential TC combinations for the future.

Findings

KM technologies can be categorized into four main topics (knowledge acquisition, sharing, searching, and transfer), and DT is most often applied to knowledge transfer and acquisition. The DTs that are attracting attention from academia and industry are artificial intelligence, augmented and virtual reality, and blockchain, which have applications in healthcare, supply chain management, and human resource management.

Originality/value

The findings provide useful insights for organizations to build a technology roadmap for KM. They can also improve the rigid mindset of organization employees toward DT adoption and innovation. By adopting a KM system that leverages DT, organizations will be able to manage and operate efficiently and systematically.
Research on personal digital hoarding behaviors of college students based on personality traits theory: the mediating role of emotional attachment
Authors: Xie Xiao , Song Tianci , Li Li , Jiang Weihan , Gao Xinyuan , Shu Liwang , Liu Yongmei
Published: August 2024

Purpose

This study investigates the influence of personality traits on the personal digital hoarding behaviors of college students. Emotional attachment is included as a mediating variable, thereby enhancing the relevant theoretical frameworks associated with such behaviors.

Design/methodology/approach

A total of 370 college students were investigated using the Big Five personality scale, the digital hoarding behaviors scale, and a self-compiled emotional attachment scale. The collected data were analyzed using SPSS26.0 software.

Findings

Personality traits exerted a significant influence on individual digital hoarding behaviors, among which neuroticism (r = 0.526**), extroversion (r = 0.232**), and agreeableness (r = 0.233**) demonstrated notable effects. However, no significant correlation was found to link conscientiousness and openness with personal digital hoarding behaviors. Emotional attachment (r = 0.665**) significantly impacted personal digital hoarding behaviors. Regression analysis further showed that personality traits also affect personal digital hoarding behaviors through the partial mediating effect of emotional attachment. Dependency security was identified as a partial mediator of the effects of agreeableness and neuroticism on personal digital hoarding behaviors. Possession attachment was observed to be another partial mediator of the relationship between neuroticism and personal digital hoarding behaviors. Furthermore, fear of missing out was observed to partially mediate the effects of agreeableness and neuroticism on personal digital hoarding behaviors.

Research limitations/implications

The generalizability of the self-compiled emotional attachment scale requires further verification in future research, as the selection of participants was relatively simplistic.

Practical implications

Our study showed the distinctive personality traits of individuals and their relationship with personal digital hoarding behaviors, along with the mediating role of emotional attachment. Our findings provide valuable insights for future personal information management and digital hoarding de-cluttering.

Originality/value

This research explores the influence of personality traits on the personal digital hoarding behaviors of college students and examines the mediating role of emotional attachment.
A comparison of gambling behaviours among sport-based and non-sport-based students in the UK
Authors: McGivern Paul , Mierzwinski Mark
Published: August 2024

Purpose

In recent years, gambling among university students has received significant focus as it may be viewed as an attractive and exciting form of income whilst studying. Given this, stakeholders in protection from gambling-related harm need to better understand student gambling behaviours. This understanding should include students on sports-based programmes given their closer connection to sporting events, and a heightened sense of competition among such often gendered cohorts. This study aims to provide greater insights into gambling behaviours among these cohorts.

Design/methodology/approach

The present pilot study comprised 210 university students on sports-based and non-sport-based programmes. Participants self-reported frequencies of gambling activity and expenditure via an online survey.

Findings

Results showed a significantly greater frequency of female student non-gamblers on non-sports-based degree programmes and a high frequency of male student gamblers on sports-based degree programmes (p = 0.02). Sports-based students also reported significantly higher scores on the Problem Gambling Severity Index (PGSI) than non-sports students (p < 0.01). Finally, gambling expenditure (p < 0.01) and regularity (p < 0.01) were significantly lower among students studying non-sports degree programmes.

Originality/value

The findings of the present study provide evidence to warrant further investigation into gambling perceptions and behaviours among students on sports-based programmes, with a view to assessing the potential need for targeted awareness, tailored support and how both can most effectively be provided.
Privacy? What’s that? Differences in privacy boundaries
Authors: Heinrich Matthew , Gerhart Natalie
Published: August 2024

Purpose

While research on privacy concerns is rich in understanding and depth, there is still not a clear understanding of why people express having privacy concerns, but do not behave consistently with their concern. We propose that this misalignment derives from a diverse set of privacy boundaries, depending on the user. This research builds on prior Communication Privacy Management Theory research to further define individual privacy boundaries. Beyond that, we evaluate the relationship between the privacy boundaries people set, and their ability to protect themselves.

Design/methodology/approach

A survey was conducted to assess how private individuals find twenty items. Along with measuring the sensitivity of information, we collected responses on the Online Privacy Information Literacy test to measure differences in sensitivity based on privacy knowledge. 285 participant’s responses were evaluated using exploratory factor analysis and K-means clustering.

Findings

We identify five different groups of privacy indicators. Our findings also suggest that users have limited understanding of how to keep data private, even if they have high privacy concerns.

Originality/value

We contribute to theory by offering guidance on how to better apply theoretical understanding, based on our results. More explicitly, we offer analysis that suggests boundary conditions might be absent from current theoretical understanding. Practically, we offer guidance for understanding privacy differences, which is important to understanding how to implement privacy protection laws.
Increased demand for in-home aged care impeded by a lack of HRM supports for in-home care workers: a scoping review
Authors: Cavanagh Jillian , Meacham Hannah , Pariona-Cabrera Patricia , Bartram Timothy
Published: August 2024

Purpose

The purpose of the scoping review is to develop understandings around the high demand for in-home healthcare for the aged and how to find ways to better support declining numbers of in-home care workers and healthcare professionals. The scoping review highlights the role of human resource management (HRM) in this sector.

Design/methodology/approach

This scoping review of literature takes a systematic approach to identify themes on the aged care sector and levels of support for in-home care. We map the literature from specific databases to find themes.

Findings

It is important for HRM of aged care service providers to understand the key issues around homecare workers and healthcare professionals. There are key issues for stakeholders, such as clients’ health needs, organizations struggling to recruit and retain healthcare workers, and it is critical to know how such issues impact on clients and the healthcare workforce.

Originality/value

There is a dearth of literature on in-home care for the aged, and therefore, we contribute to understandings about the competing pressures surrounding the demand for in-home care versus the declining number of homecare workers and professional healthcare workers in this sector. We highlight the lack of HRM support from aged care providers and the impact on homecare workers.
Estimation of speed-related car body acceleration limits with quantile regression
Authors: Cong Jianli , Zhang Hang , Wei Zilong , Yang Fei , Ke Zaitian , Lu Tao , Chen Rong , Wang Ping , Li Zili
Published: August 2024

Purpose

This study aimed to facilitate a rapid evaluation of track service status and vehicle ride comfort based on car body acceleration. Consequently, a low-cost, data-driven approach was proposed for analyzing speed-related acceleration limits in metro systems.

Design/methodology/approach

A portable sensing terminal was developed to realize easy and efficient detection of car body acceleration. Further, field measurements were performed on a 51.95-km metro line. Data from 272 metro sections were tested as a case study, and a quantile regression method was proposed to fit the control limits of the car body acceleration at different speeds using the measured data.

Findings

First, the frequency statistics of the measured data in the speed-acceleration dimension indicated that the car body acceleration was primarily concentrated within the constant speed stage, particularly at speeds of 15.4, 18.3, and 20.9 m/s. Second, resampling was performed according to the probability density distribution of car body acceleration for different speed domains to achieve data balance. Finally, combined with the traditional linear relationship between speed and acceleration, the statistical relationships between the speed and car body acceleration under different quantiles were determined. We concluded the lateral/vertical quantiles of 0.8989/0.9895, 0.9942/0.997, and 0.9998/0.993 as being excellent, good, and qualified control limits, respectively, for the lateral and vertical acceleration of the car body. In addition, regression lines for the speed-related acceleration limits at other quantiles (0.5, 0.75, 2s, and 3s) were obtained.

Originality/value

The proposed method is expected to serve as a reference for further studies on speed-related acceleration limits in rail transit systems.
Integration of smart cities technologies for future urban development planning
Authors: Ali Jamshid
Published: August 2024

The study investigated how cutting‐edge smart city technologies (SCT) contribute to developmental strategies and foster sustainable, efficient, and technologically advanced urban ecosystems. The study is based on multi‐qualitative methods. In the first phase, comprehensive literature was reviewed using the systematic literature review (SLR). Based on the literature recommendations in the second phase, structured interviews were conducted with the professionals based on snowball and purposive sampling techniques. The data were collected from NEOM's working professionals for the interviews. In the third phase, the conclusions of the case studies were also added to generalize the findings comprehensively. The study proclaims that SCT plays a significant role in developing the smart ecosystem in smart cities. The study also investigated the NEOM's potential to elevate urban sustainability. Moreover, the study found that implementing the SCT enhances operational efficiencies, creates new job opportunities, and improves mobility and quality of life. The study also contributed to the equitable theory and presented the shared resources concept. The integration of SCT enhances the quality of life and attracts investment. The study also emphasized the availability of robust data infrastructure and stakeholder engagement to integrate SCT in urban planning and development successfully.
A detox dilemma beyond benzodiazepines; clonidine's quandary in alcohol withdrawal management
Authors: Johnson Matthew , Cosentino Danielle , Fuehrlein Brian
Published: August 2024

Background and Objectives

Benzodiazepines are the primary method of treatment of alcohol withdrawal, though the American Society of Addiction Medicine guidelines also include alternative agents for consideration. Observations in a Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) psychiatric emergency room noted consistent benzodiazepine use with an overall lack of use of alternative agents, even with low Clinical Institute Withdrawal Assessment for Alcohol (CIWA) scores and in the absence of other concerning symptoms. Due to concerns of potential more‐than‐necessary benzodiazepine use, we analyzed adjunctive clonidine use for elevated blood pressure/pulse in alcohol withdrawal among this Veteran population.

Methods

This is a single‐site VA retrospective chart review of the psychiatric emergency room from July 1, 2022, to June 30, 2023, focused on patients with alcohol withdrawal managed on a CIWA protocol. Excluding concurrent opioid withdrawal and clonidine as home medication, 167 patient charts were analyzed for this study.

Results

Among 167 patients, 99 (59.3%) had comorbid hypertension. A total of 614 medication doses were given for elevated CIWA (373, 60.8%) and elevated blood pressure/pulse (241, 39.2%). Of the 241 doses for elevated blood pressure/pulse, only 2.5% were clonidine. Among all benzodiazepine doses, 75.3% were given to patients with comorbid hypertension. Clonidine was administered to 3.0% of patients, making up 2.5% of total dosing.

Discussion and Conclusions

Alcohol withdrawal management lacks optimization. Integrating adjunctive medications could reduce potential benzodiazepine overuse effectively addressing elevated blood pressure/pulse.

Scientific Significance

This study sheds light on the potential underutilization of clonidine and its potential role in improving alcohol withdrawal syndrome management. By addressing elevated blood pressure/pulse and curbing potential overuse of benzodiazepines, it may contribute to further optimizing patient care.
Appropriateness of ChatGPT as a resource for medication‐related questions
Authors: Grossman Sara , Zerilli Tina , Nathan Joseph P.
Published: August 2024

With its increasing popularity, healthcare professionals and patients may use ChatGPT to obtain medication‐related information. This study was conducted to assess ChatGPT's ability to provide satisfactory responses (i.e., directly answers the question, accurate, complete and relevant) to medication‐related questions posed to an academic drug information service. ChatGPT responses were compared to responses generated by the investigators through the use of traditional resources, and references were evaluated. Thirty‐nine questions were entered into ChatGPT; the three most common categories were therapeutics (8; 21%), compounding/formulation (6; 15%) and dosage (5; 13%). Ten (26%) questions were answered satisfactorily by ChatGPT. Of the 29 (74%) questions that were not answered satisfactorily, deficiencies included lack of a direct response (11; 38%), lack of accuracy (11; 38%) and/or lack of completeness (12; 41%). References were included with eight (29%) responses; each included fabricated references. Presently, healthcare professionals and consumers should be cautioned against using ChatGPT for medication‐related information.
Radiological follow‐up of osteonecrosis lesions in children and adolescents with Hodgkin lymphoma
Authors: Aarnivala Henri , Giertz Mia , Michelsen Sascha Wilk , Björklund Caroline , Englund Annika , Grönroos Marika , Hjalgrim Lisa Lyngsie , Huttunen Pasi , Niinimäki Tuukka , Penno Eva , Pokka Tytti , Pöyhönen Tuuli , Raittinen Päivi , Ranta Susanna , Svahn Johan E. , Törnudd Lisa , Harila Arja , Niinimäki Riitta
Published: August 2024

Osteonecrosis (ON) is a common complication of glucocorticoid‐based Hodgkin lymphoma (HL) treatment, but the natural evolution and prognosis of ON lesions remain poorly understood. We describe the radiological evolution of ON lesions identified in a Nordic population‐based cohort of paediatric HL patients. Magnetic resonance images of suspected ON lesions were centrally reviewed to confirm ON diagnosis and grade the ON lesions according to the Niinimäki classification. The study included 202 ON lesions in 46 patients, of which 77 were joint lesions. Follow‐up images were available for 146/202 lesions, with a mean follow‐up time of 28 months. During follow‐up, 71% of the lesions remained stable, 26% improved or resolved, and 3% progressed. A higher ON grade at diagnosis was associated with a lower likelihood of spontaneous resolution. The likelihood for resolution of ON decreased by 50% for each year of added patient age, when adjusted for sex, ON location, and symptoms. Hip ON showed less spontaneous improvement compared with other joints, and the risk for surgery was 13‐fold in hip ON. Grades 3–4 joint ON has the potential to either progress or resolve, warranting follow‐up in patients with severe symptoms. Research on secondary prevention should be directed at grade 3–4 joint ON.
Scoping review on natural language processing applications in counselling and psychotherapy
Authors: Laricheva Maria , Liu Yan , Shi Edward , Wu Amery
Published: August 2024

Recent years have witnessed some rapid and tremendous progress in natural language processing (NLP) techniques that are used to analyse text data. This study endeavours to offer an up‐to‐date review of NLP applications by examining their use in counselling and psychotherapy from 1990 to 2021. The purpose of this scoping review is to identify trends, advancements, challenges and limitations of these applications. Among the 41 papers included in this review, 4 primary study purposes were identified: (1) developing automated coding; (2) predicting outcomes; (3) monitoring counselling sessions; and (4) investigating language patterns. Our findings showed a growing trend in the number of papers utilizing advanced machine learning methods, particularly neural networks. Unfortunately, only a third of the articles addressed the issues of bias and generalizability. Our findings provided a timely systematic update, shedding light on concerns related to bias, generalizability and validity in the context of NLP applications in counselling and psychotherapy.
The impact of response type on affordance and spatial compatibility effects in human and object interactions
Authors: Demir Pınar , Sandıkçı Melda , Demir Eda , Soyman Efe
Published: August 2024

Everyday social interactions or goal‐directed actions towards objects activate action plans appropriate to their affordances. The spatial compatibility of a stimulus and a response might interfere with the activation of these action plans. In the present study, we examined how framing of interactions affects the interplay between affordance and spatial compatibility effects towards humans and objects in two separate experiments. In a motor priming task designed to simultaneously assess these two effects, participants were presented with interactive hand gestures and objects with a single handle. Participants responded either with their left or right hand according to the colour mask of the stimulus, regardless of the spatial position or the affordance‐related orientation of the stimulus. In Experiment 1, when responses were given by keypresses, we found independent affordance and spatial compatibility effects towards objects. Surprisingly, interactive hand gestures induced a reversed affordance effect, that is, imitative action tendencies. Changing the responses from keypresses to the performance of grasping actions in Experiment 2 drastically altered these findings, resulting in the enhancement of affordance and the elimination of spatial compatibility effects for both human and object interactions. These findings highlight the importance of contextual influences on the emergence of automatic action tendencies.
The (in)effectiveness of training domain‐general skills to support early math knowledge
Authors: Fyfe Emily R. , Borriello Giulia A.
Published: August 2024

Researchers agree that both domain‐general skills and domain‐specific skills contribute to mathematics knowledge, but questions arise as to which skills can and should be trained to improve children's learning outcomes. In this article, we synthesize research on training three domain‐general constructs in early childhood (patterning skills, working memory, and spatial reasoning) and their causal links to mathematics knowledge. The results are clear: Practice with these domain‐general tasks is unlikely to transfer to higher scores on measures of mathematics knowledge, especially for preschool‐aged children. Based on this evidence, we argue against using isolated domain‐general training to enhance math knowledge in early childhood. We offer recommendations for researchers and practitioners to optimize best practices in this area.
Fracture rate and risk factors associated with the fracture of narrow diameter implants: A long‐term retrospective analysis
Authors: Lustosa Romulo M. , Garcez‐Filho João , Seabra Marcos , de Oliveira Ricardo Puziol , Matarazzo Flávia , Araújo Maurício G.
Published: August 2024

Objectives

The objective of this long‐term retrospective study was to evaluate the fracture rate and the risk factors associated with the fracture of 3.3 mm narrow diameter implants (NDIs).

Materials and Methods

A total of 524 records of patients rehabilitated with 3.3 mm NDIs between 1997 and 2015 were assessed. Data on patients, implants, and prostheses were collected, and descriptive analysis of the variables was performed. NDIs were separated into 2 groups: “fractured” and “non‐fractured”, and a multilevel logistic regression model was applied to identify the risk factors associated with NDI fracture.

Results

Eighty‐four patients were removed from the analysis for interrupting follow‐up or presenting failures other than fractures. Of the 440 patients included (64.66 ± 13.4 years), 272 were females (61.8%), and 168 males (38.2%), and mean follow‐up time was 129 ± 47.1 months. Of the 1428 NDIs, 15 (1.05%) in 9 patients (2.04%) fractured during the studied period. Ten fractures (66.66%) happened in 6 patients (66.66%) showing signs of parafunction. NDI with modified sandblasted, large grit, acid‐etched surface was the only implant variable to show a protective statistical significance (p = .0439).

Conclusions

NDI fracture was a rare event in the studied sample. NDIs manufactured with modified sandblasted, large grit, acid‐etched surface may provide extra protection against NDI fracture. Patient‐specific factors and implant characteristics should be carefully considered to limit the risk of fracture of 3.3 mm NDIs.
Meta‐analytical evidence for frequency‐dependent selection across the tree of life
Authors: Gómez‐Llano Miguel , Bassar Ronald D. , Svensson Erik I. , Tye Simon P. , Siepielski Adam M.
Published: August 2024

Explaining the maintenance of genetic variation in fitness‐related traits within populations is a fundamental challenge in ecology and evolutionary biology. Frequency‐dependent selection (FDS) is one mechanism that can maintain such variation, especially when selection favours rare variants (negative FDS). However, our general knowledge about the occurrence of FDS, its strength and direction remain fragmented, limiting general inferences about this important evolutionary process. We systematically reviewed the published literature on FDS and assembled a database of 747 effect sizes from 101 studies to analyse the occurrence, strength, and direction of FDS, and the factors that could explain heterogeneity in FDS. Using a meta‐analysis, we found that overall, FDS is more commonly negative, although not significantly when accounting for phylogeny. An analysis of absolute values of effect sizes, however, revealed the widespread occurrence of modest FDS. However, negative FDS was only significant in laboratory experiments and non‐significant in mesocosms and field‐based studies. Moreover, negative FDS was stronger in studies measuring fecundity and involving resource competition over studies using other fitness components or focused on other ecological interactions. Our study unveils key general patterns of FDS and points in future promising research directions that can help us understand a long‐standing fundamental problem in evolutionary biology and its consequences for demography and ecological dynamics.
The interaction between warming and enrichment accelerates food‐web simplification in freshwater systems
Authors: Bonnaffé Willem , Danet Alain , Leclerc Camille , Frossard Victor , Edeline Eric , Sentis Arnaud
Published: August 2024

Nutrient enrichment and climate warming threaten freshwater systems. Metabolic theory and the paradox of enrichment predict that both stressors independently can lead to simpler food‐webs having fewer nodes, shorter food‐chains and lower connectance, but cancel each other's effects when simultaneously present. Yet, these theoretical predictions remain untested in complex natural systems. We inferred the food‐web structure of 256 lakes and 373 streams from standardized fish community samplings in France. Contrary to theoretical predictions, we found that warming shortens fish food‐chain length and that this effect was magnified in enriched streams and lakes. Additionally, lakes experiencing enrichment exhibit lower connectance in their fish food‐webs. Our study suggests that warming and enrichment interact to magnify food‐web simplification in nature, raising further concerns about the fate of freshwater systems as climate change effects will dramatically increase in the coming decades.
Anxiety in the family: A five‐wave random‐intercept cross‐lagged panel analysis of dynamic reciprocal associations between father, mother, and child anxiety
Authors: Liu Li , Qian Jingxuan , Zheng Wenjie
Published: August 2024

This five‐wave longitudinal study examined the between‐ and within‐family dynamic associations between father, mother, and child anxiety and the moderating effects of child gender in Chinese culture. Five hundred and twenty‐two father–mother dyads of children (59% boys; M
age T1 = 8.34 years) completed measures of father, mother, and child anxiety at five time points, 6 months apart. Between‐family associations suggested that children whose parents had more anxiety symptoms showed higher anxiety levels, and mothers or fathers whose partners had more anxiety symptoms showed higher anxiety levels. At the within‐family level, after periods with higher child anxiety symptoms, mothers reported higher anxiety symptoms and vice versa. However, no reciprocal associations were found between father and child anxiety and between father and mother anxiety. Finally, the associations between father, mother, and child anxiety did not differ across boys and girls. Our findings highlight the importance of distinguishing among between‐family and within‐family associations and help to develop effective programs to prevent anxiety disorders in families.
Orthodontic extrusion with fixed appliances for treatment of intrusive luxation injuries: A prospective study of 28 permanent maxillary incisors
Authors: Zhang Jingjing , Wang Nan , Gao Xuemei , Qin Man
Published: August 2024

Background

Limited evidence exists on the treatment options of tooth repositioning after intrusive luxation.

Aim

The study aimed to investigate the outcomes and complications of orthodontic extrusion in treating intruded maxillary permanent incisors.

Design

A prospective study was conducted involving 28 intruded maxillary permanent incisors treated with orthodontic extrusion, compared with a retrospective control group of 29 teeth that underwent spontaneous re‐eruption. The success rate of tooth repositioning, as well as pulp condition, periodontal healing, and root development were assessed and compared.

Results

The success rate of orthodontic extrusion was 96.4%, excluding one tooth that was ankylosed before treatment. There were no significant differences in pulp condition between the orthodontic extrusion and control groups for teeth with immature root development. Teeth with mature root development in the orthodontic group, however, showed a significantly higher rate of pulp necrosis (100%, p < .05). Periodontal healing outcomes were similar across both groups, regardless of the maturity of root development. The root length continued increasing during orthodontic extrusion treatment.

Conclusions

Orthodontic extrusion treatment could effectively reposition moderately to severely intrusive permanent incisors, without increasing the risk of complications compared with spontaneous re‐eruption.
Health and oral health literacy: A comprehensive literature review from theory to practice
Authors: Alzahrani Ahmed Y. , El Meligy Omar , Bahdila Dania , Aljawi Rabab , Bamashmous Nada O. , Almushayt Abdullah
Published: August 2024

Background

Health literacy (HL) refers to an individual's ability to access, understand, and apply health information to make informed decisions about their health. On the contrary, oral health literacy (OHL) focuses on an individual's ability to understand and utilize oral health information to maintain good oral health.

Aim

This study presents a comprehensive literature review that explores the theoretical foundations and practical applications of HL and OHL.

Design

A comprehensive search was conducted using keywords on the following databases: PubMed, Google Scholar, and Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews.

Results

The existing literature on various aspects of HL, including the most common used definitions of HL, conceptual frameworks, and consequences of limited health and OHL, was summarized. Additionally, the review discussed the significance of HL and OHL. Also, the relation between parent level of OHL and children's oral health was described. It further highlights modern approaches that have been shown in previous studies to improve the OHL of primary caregivers.

Conclusions

Understanding the significance of HL and OHL is crucial in developing effective interventions that can address disparities and improve oral health outcomes for individuals of all backgrounds.
Nosema bombycis: A remarkable unicellular parasite infecting insects
Authors: Huang Qingyuan , Hu Wanying , Meng Xianzhi , Chen Jie , Pan Guoqing
Published: August 2024

Microsporidia are opportunistic fungal‐like pathogens that cause microsporidiosis, which results in significant economic losses and threatens public health. Infection of domesticated silkworms by the microsporidium Nosema bombycis causes pébrine disease, for which this species of microsporidia has received much attention. Research has been conducted extensively on this microsporidium over the past few decades to better understand its infection, transmission, host–parasite interaction, and detection. Several tools exist to study this species including the complete genome sequence of N. bombycis. In addition to the understanding of N. bombycis being important for the silkworm industry, this species has become a model organism for studying microsporidia. Research on biology of N. bombycis will contribute to the development of knowledge regarding microsporidia and potential antimicrosporidia drugs. Furthermore, this will provide insight into the molecular evolution and functioning of other fungal pathogens.
Effect of low‐intensity pulsed ultrasound on the mineralization of force‐treated cementoblasts and orthodontically induced inflammatory root resorption via the Lamin A/C‐Yes associated protein axis
Authors: Zheng Fu , Wu Tong , Wang Feifei , Tang Hongyi , Cui Xinyu , Liu Duo , Chen Peng , Fu Jiangfeng , Li Cuiying , Jiang Jiuhui
Published: August 2024

Aims

Orthodontic treatment commonly results in orthodontically induced inflammatory root resorption (OIIRR). This condition arises from excessive orthodontic force, which triggerslocal inflammatory responses and impedes cementoblasts' mineralization capacity. Low‐intensity pulsed ultrasound (LIPUS) shows potential in reducing OIIRR. However, the precise mechanisms through which LIPUS reduces OIIRR remain unclear. This study aimed to explore the effects and mechanisms of LIPUS on the mineralization of force‐treated cementoblasts and its impact on OIIRR.

Methods

We established a rat OIIRR model and locally administered LIPUS stimulation for 7 and 14 days. We analyzed root resorption volume, osteoclast differentiation, and the expression of osteocalcin and yes‐associated protein 1 (YAP1) using micro‐computed tomography (micro‐CT), hematoxylin and eosin, tartrate‐resistant acid phosphatase, immunofluorescence and immunohistochemistry staining. In vitro, we applied compressive force and LIPUS to the immortalized mouse cementoblasts (OCCM30). We assessed mineralization using alkaline phosphatase (ALP) staining, alizarin red staining, real‐time quantitative polymerase chain reaction, Western blotting and immunofluorescence staining.

Results

In rats, LIPUS reduced OIIRR, as evidenced by micro‐CT analysis and histological staining. In vitro, LIPUS enhanced mineralization of force‐treated OCCM30 cells, as indicated by ALP and alizarin red staining, upregulated mRNA expression of mineralization‐related genes, and increased protein expression of mineralization markers. Mechanistically, LIPUS activated YAP1 signaling via the cytoskeleton‐Lamin A/C pathway, supported by immunofluorescence and Western blot analysis.

Conclusion

This study demonstrates that LIPUS promotes mineralization in force‐treated cementoblasts and reduces OIIRR by activating YAP1 through the cytoskeletal‐Lamin A/C signaling pathway. These findings provide fresh insights into how LIPUS benefits orthodontic treatment and suggest potential strategies for preventing and treating OIIRR.
The Role of Cognates and Language Distance in Simultaneous Bilingual Children's Productive Vocabulary Acquisition
Authors: Koutamanis Elly , Kootstra Gerrit Jan , Dijkstra Ton , Unsworth Sharon
Published: August 2024

This study examined the influence of cognate status and language distance on simultaneous bilingual children's vocabulary acquisition. It aimed to tease apart effects of word‐level similarities and language‐level similarities, while also exploring the role of individual‐level variation in age, exposure, and nontarget language proficiency. Children simultaneously acquiring two closely related languages (n = 203) or two more distant languages (n = 109) performed extended versions of the LITMUS Cross‐Linguistic Lexical Task (Haman et al., 2015), a productive vocabulary test with words varying in their phonological similarity to their translation equivalents. Children speaking closely related languages obtained higher vocabulary scores than children speaking more distant languages, who showed a stronger positive effect of phonological similarity. The effect of language distance on vocabulary was not solely driven by the presence of (near‐)identical cognates in the test. These findings show that similarities beyond specific test items and/or beyond the phonological level play a role in vocabulary acquisition.
Racial and ethnic disparities in the natural history of alcohol‐associated liver disease in the United States
Authors: Ayares Gustavo , Díaz Luis Antonio , Fuentes‐López Eduardo , Idalsoaga Francisco , Cotter Thomas G. , Dunn Winston , Simonetto Douglas , Shah Vijay H. , Kamath Patrick S. , Lazarus Jeffrey V. , Bataller Ramon , Arrese Marco , Wong Robert J. , Singal Ashwani K. , Arab Juan Pablo
Published: August 2024

Background

Outcomes in alcohol‐associated liver disease (ALD) are influenced by several race and ethnic factors, yet its natural history across the continuum of patients in different stages of the disease is unknown.

Methods

We conducted a retrospective cohort study of U.S. adults from 2011 to 2018, using three nationally representative databases to examine potential disparities in relevant outcomes among racial and ethnic groups. Our analysis included logistic and linear regressions, along with competing risk analysis.

Results

Black individuals had the highest daily alcohol consumption (12.6 g/day) while Hispanic participants had the largest prevalence of heavy episodic drinking (33.5%). In a multivariable‐adjusted model, Hispanic and Asian participants were independently associated with a higher ALD prevalence compared to Non‐Hispanic White interviewees (OR: 1.4, 95% CI: 1.1–1.8 and OR: 1.5 95% CI:1.1–2.0, respectively), while Blacks participants had a lower ALD prevalence (OR: .7 95% CI: .6–.9), and a lower risk of mortality during hospitalization due to ALD (OR: .83 95% CI: .73–.94). Finally, a multivariate competing‐risk analysis showed that Hispanic ethnicity had a decreased probability of liver transplantation if waitlisted for ALD (SHR: .7, 95% CI: .6–.8) along with female Asian population (HR: .40, 95% CI: .26–.62).

Conclusions

After accounting for key social and biological health determinants, the Hispanic population showed an increased risk of ALD prevalence, even with lower alcohol consumption. Additionally, Hispanic and Asian female patients had reduced access to liver transplantation compared to other enlisted patients.
Dynamic soil hydraulic resistance regulates stomata
Authors: Manandhar Anju , Rimer Ian M. , Soares Pereira Talitha , Pichaco Javier , Rockwell Fulton E. , McAdam Scott A. M.
Published: August 2024

The onset of stomatal closure reduces transpiration during drought. In seed plants, drought causes declines in plant water status which increases leaf endogenous abscisic acid (ABA) levels required for stomatal closure. There are multiple possible points of increased belowground resistance in the soil–plant atmospheric continuum that could decrease leaf water potential enough to trigger ABA production and the subsequent decreases in transpiration.

We investigate the dynamic patterns of leaf ABA levels, plant hydraulic conductance and the point of failure in the soil–plant conductance in the highly embolism‐resistant species Callitris tuberculata using continuous dendrometer measurements of leaf water potential during drought.

We show that decreases in transpiration and ABA biosynthesis begin before any permanent decreases in predawn water potential, collapse in soil–plant hydraulic pathway and xylem embolism spread.

We find that a dynamic but recoverable increases in hydraulic resistance in the soil in close proximity to the roots is the most likely driver of declines in midday leaf water potential needed for ABA biosynthesis and the onset of decreases in transpiration.
The association between excess weight and COVID‐19 outcomes: An umbrella review
Authors: Matu Jamie , Griffiths Alex , Shannon Oliver M. , Jones Andrew , Day Rhiannon , Radley Duncan , Feeley Alison , Mabbs Lisa , Blackshaw Jamie , Sattar Naveed , Ells Louisa
Published: August 2024

This umbrella review assessed the association between excess weight and COVID‐19 outcomes. MEDLINE, PsycINFO, and CINAHL were systematically searched for reviews that assessed the association between excess weight and COVID‐19 outcomes. A second‐order meta‐analysis was conducted on the available data for intensive care unit admission, invasive mechanical ventilation administration, disease severity, hospitalization, and mortality. The quality of included reviews was assessed using the AMSTAR‐2 appraisal tool. In total, 52 systematic reviews were included, 49 of which included meta‐analyses. The risk of severe outcomes (OR = 1.86; 95% CI: 1.70 to 2.05), intensive care unit admission (OR = 1.58; 95% CI: 1.45 to 1.72), invasive mechanical ventilation administration (OR = 1.70; 95% CI: 1.57 to 1.83), hospitalization (OR = 1.82; 95% CI: 1.61 to 2.05), and mortality (OR = 1.35; 95% CI: 1.24 to 1.48) following COVID‐19 infection was significantly higher in individuals living with excess weight compared with those with a healthy weight. There was limited evidence available in the included reviews regarding the influence of moderating factors such as ethnicity, and the majority of included reviews were of poor quality. Obesity appears to represent an important modifiable pre‐infection risk factor for severe COVID‐19 outcomes, including death.
Resistance of pistachio grafted on different Pistacia rootstocks against Verticillium wilt under field conditions
Authors: Antón‐Domínguez Begoña I. , Arquero Octavio , Lovera María , Trapero Antonio , Agustí‐Brisach Carlos , Trapero Carlos
Published: August 2024

Verticillium wilt of pistachio (Pistacia vera), caused by Verticillium dahliae, is one of the most important diseases in this crop. The most effective and economical control measure is the use of resistant rootstocks. The main objective of this work was to evaluate the resistance of five rootstocks commonly used in pistachio against the disease under field conditions. Pistachio plants (cv. Kerman) grafted on the rootstocks Pistacia atlantica, Pistacia integerrima, Pistacia terebinthus and cv. Platinum and UCBI hybrids, were planted in a field with high inoculum density of V. dahliae in the soil. Plants grafted on P. terebinthus, followed by P. integerrima, showed significantly higher disease severity values than the rest of the rootstocks almost 53 months after planting; also, plants grafted on P. atlantica were more resistant than those grafted on P. integerrima. These results highlighted the intraspecific variability in resistance to the disease. In addition, the disease was monitored in pistachios grafted onto P. terebinthus or UCBI in an established commercial field with three different zones of V. dahliae inoculum density in the soil (none, low or high). In the high‐density zone, the percentage of diseased plants was significantly lower for plants grafted on UCBI than for those grafted on P. terebinthus. The results indicate the importance of rootstock species and specific genotype or seed population used, concentration of V. dahliae inoculum in the soil, and previous history of crops on the plot, on the development of the disease under natural conditions.
Religion and Development in Africa: History, Status, and Future Prospects
Authors: Ng'etich Elias Kiptoo
Published: August 2024

The burgeoning field of religion and development has continued to gain scholarly attention globally, especially recently. The article explores and reviews the study of religion and development in Africa by drawing on multiple literature and theoretical approaches. Structured around the history and survey of the current status of the study of religion and development in Africa, the article maps and projects its potential future. Religion, a significant tool for (de)development in Africa, holds immense potential to bring about positive social transformation for the common good. Being a complex process that focuses on improving both the material and immaterial aspects of human life, development can pivot on religion to create a better future for Africa. There is a need for robust and nuanced discourses on the academic study of religion and development that interrogate development theories and practice and their relevance to the African context. In the long run, this will address contemporary contentions and contestations on the role of religion and development, especially in Africa.
Ambulatory assessment of suicidal ambivalence: The temporal variability of the wish to live and the wish to die and their relevance in the concurrent and prospective prediction of suicidal desire
Authors: Ernst Mareike , Gemke Theresa J. , Olivi L. Julian , O'Connor Rory C.
Published: August 2024

Introduction

Suicidal ambivalence is increasingly understood as the result of the interplay of two conflicting motivational orientations, the wish to die (WTD) and wish to live (WTL). However, research is scarce regarding the nature of their relationship, their temporal structure, and their relevance in predicting suicidal desire.

Methods

Fifty psychosomatic/psychiatric inpatients (17 reporting suicide attempts) took part in an intensive longitudinal design with 10 signal‐contingent prompts per day over 10 days; assessing WTD, WTL, and suicidal desire. We calculated mean values and variability of WTD, WTL, suicidal ambivalence, and suicidal desire and tested mixed‐effects models of suicidal desire.

Results

The mean number of answered prompts was 40.98 (SD = 21.68). Repeated‐measures correlation of WTD and WTL was r = −0.60. Patients with a history of suicide attempts reported higher WTD, lower WTL, more suicidal ambivalence, stronger suicidal desire, and showed higher variability in all constructs. At the same assessment, WTD was the strongest statistical predictor of suicidal desire. Only WTL and the interaction of WTD and WTL predicted suicidal desire prospectively.

Conclusion

Wish to die and WTL are likely two distinct (although correlated) constructs that should not be reduced to a single ambivalence score. A stronger focus on WTL holds potential for suicide research and practice.