bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Engineering Dual CO2‐ and Photothermal‐Responsive Membranes for Switchable Double Emulsion Separation
Authors: Liu Haohao , Wang Yangyang , Zhu Bo , Li Hao , Liang Lijun , Li Jian , Rao Dewei , Yan Qiang , Bai Yunxiang , Zhang Chunfang , Dong Liangliang , Meng Hong , Zhao Yue
Published: February 2024

Stimulus‐responsive membranes demonstrate promising applications in switchable oil/water emulsion separations. However, they are unsuitable for the treatment of double emulsions like oil‐in‐water‐in‐oil (O/W/O) and water‐in‐oil‐in‐water (W/O/W) emulsions. For efficient separation of these complicated emulsions, fine control over the wettability, response time, and aperture structure of the membrane is required. Herein, dual‐coated fibers consisting of primary photothermal‐responsive and secondary CO2‐responsive coatings are prepared by two steps. Automated weaving of these fibers produces membranes with photothermal‐ and CO2‐responsive characteristics and narrow pore size distributions. These membranes exhibit fast switching wettability between superhydrophilicity (under CO2 stimulation) and high hydrophobicity (under near‐infrared stimulation), achieving on‐demand separation of various O/W/O and W/O/W emulsions with separation efficiencies exceeding 99.6%. Two‐dimensional low‐field nuclear magnetic resonance and correlated spectra technique are used to clarify the underlying mechanism of switchable double emulsion separation. The approach can effectively address the challenges associated with the use of stimulus‐responsive membranes for double emulsion separation and facilitate the industrial application of these membranes.
Reversible Optical Control of Polarization in Epitaxial Ferroelectric Thin Films
Authors: Sarott Martin F. , Müller Marvin J. , Lehmann Jannis , Burgat Benjamin J. , Fiebig Manfred , Trassin Morgan
Published: February 2024

Light is an effective tool to probe the polarization and domain distribution in ferroelectric materials passively, that is, non‐invasively, for example, via optical second harmonic generation (SHG). With the emergence of oxide electronics, there is now a strong demand to expand the role of light toward active control of the polarization. In this work, optical control of the ferroelectric polarization is demonstrated in prototypical epitaxial PbZrxTi1−xO3 (PZT)‐based heterostructures. This is accomplished in three steps, using above‐bandgap UV light, while tracking the response of the polarization with optical SHG. First, it is found that UV‐light exposure induces a transient enhancement or suppression of the ferroelectric polarization in films with an upward‐ or downward‐oriented polarization, respectively. This behavior is attributed to a modified charge screening driven by the separation of photoexcited charge carriers at the Schottky interface of the ferroelectric thin film. Second, by taking advantage of this optical handle on electrostatics, remanent optical poling from a pristine multi‐domain into a single‐domain configuration is accomplished. Third, via thermal annealing or engineered electrostatic boundary conditions, a complete reversibility of the optical poling is further achieved. Hence, this work paves the way for the all‐optical control of the spontaneous polarization in ferroelectric thin films.
A Metal Coordination Number Determined Catalytic Performance in Manganese Borides for Ambient Electrolysis of Nitrogen to Ammonia
Authors: Mushtaq Muhammad Asim , Kumar Anuj , Liu Wei , Ji Qianqian , Deng Yonggui , Yasin Ghulam , Saad Ali , Raza Waseem , Zhao Jie , Ajmal Saira , Wu Yanyan , Ahmad Muhammad , Lashari Najeeb ur Rehman , Wang Yan , Li Tingshuai , Sun Shengjun , Zheng Dongdong , Luo Yongsong , Cai Xingke , Sun Xuping
Published: February 2024

A new strategy that can effectively increase the nitrogen reduction reaction performance of catalysts is proposed and verified by tuning the coordination number of metal atoms. It is found that the intrinsic activity of Mn atoms in the manganese borides (MnBx) increases in tandem with their coordination number with B atoms. Electron‐deficient boron atoms are capable of accepting electrons from Mn atoms, which enhances the adsorption of N2 on the Mn catalytic sites (*) and the hydrogenation of N2 to form *NNH intermediates. Furthermore, the increase in coordination number reduces the charge density of Mn atoms at the Fermi level, which facilitates the desorption of ammonia from the catalyst surface. Notably, the MnB4 compound with a Mn coordination number of up to 12 exhibits a high ammonia yield rate (74.9 ± 2.1 µg h−1 mgcat−1) and Faradaic efficiency (38.5 ± 2.7%) at −0.3 V versus reversible hydrogen electrode (RHE) in a 0.1 m Li2SO4 electrolyte, exceeding those reported for other boron‐related catalysts.
Heterocyclic Diammonium Dion‐Jacobson Perovskite Blue Light‐Emitting Diodes with Nonshift Emission Peak Under High Bias Voltage
Authors: Zou Shibing , Fan Kezhou , Wu Xiao , Yuan Ligang , Wang Jiarong , Wang Kangyang , Li Jiong , Wei Jianwu , Xu Shuang , Zou Feilin , Wong Kam Sing , Lu Xinhui , Xu Jianbin , Yan Keyou
Published: February 2024

The emission peak shift caused by ion motion, especially under high bias voltage, is an obstacle to the development of blue perovskite light‐emitting diodes (PeLEDs). In this work, 3‐Aminopiperidine dihydrochloride (3AP) to construct heterocyclic dication Dion‐Jacobson (DJ) PeLEDs is introduced, and found that 3AP incorporation can retard the halide segregation and chloride loss, leading to the improvement of the emission spectral stability. By increasing the amount of 3AP (DJ phase), emission centers can be tuned from green to blue but the excitonic peak abnormally disappears, indicative of exciton delocalization. Photoluminescence quantum yield (PLQY) and ultrafast spectroscopy indicated that the introduction of 3AP can passivate defects and control the exciton delocalization to facilitate interlayer charge transfer. The external quantum efficiencies (EQE) of the obtained green (513 nm), sky blue (488 nm), and blue (478 nm) PeLEDs reached 3.0%, 7.1%, and 4.8%, respectively, and the maximum luminance is 10956, 1093 and 782 cd m−2, respectively. Most importantly, under high operating voltages from 3 to 10 V, the PeLEDs delivered outstanding spectral stability free of peak shift.
Vis‐NIR Modulation in a Dynamically Reversible Single C‐pBPV Biopolymer Electrolyte for Sustainable Systems in Electrochromism
Authors: Chavan Pooja V. , Rathod Pramod V. , Kim Hern
Published: February 2024

In the pursuit of sustainable technology, the synthesis of a novel biopolymer, C‐pBPV, through the polymerization of carboxymethyl cellulose sodium salt (CMC‐Na) and viologen (BPV), with ammonium persulfate as an initiator is presented. This groundbreaking process not only promises an eco‐friendly approach but also opens avenues for advanced applications in electrochromic devices (ECDs), particularly in smart windows, displays, and beyond. Departing from conventional multi‐layered approaches, the study underscores the significance of a single‐layer material. C‐pBPV serves both as an electro‐chrome and an electrolyte, making it a compelling material for ECDs. It is used to create a gel‐based electrochromic device G1 with exceptional bistable properties. Following, a systematically controllable device, G2 is accomplished, to enhance color‐switching capabilities by adding vitamin C as an electron mediator. Both devices exhibited outstanding electrochromic properties, showcasing dual‐band absorption in the Vis‐NIR region, with color transitions from transparency to a striking purple state at low voltages. Embracing an all‐in‐one layer configuration, this study set the stage for next‐generation smart windows that not only regulate solar light for energy conservation but also pioneer a more compact, user‐friendly design, prioritizing visual comfort, sustainability, and a tailored user experience.
Reformulation of processed foods: Mixed effects on salt and saturated fatty acids intake in France
Authors: Spiteri Marine , Narayanane Ghislaine , Réquillart Vincent , Soler Louis‐Georges
Published: February 2024

Encouraging the food industry to reformulate their products is a possible public intervention to improve diet quality. In this paper, we assess the impact of food reformulation on per capita salt and saturated fatty acids (SFAs) intake, in France, for four product categories, namely, potato chips, fresh pizzas, frozen pizzas, and frozen meals, taking into account the changes in products' nutritional quality and consumer choices. Nutrient intake is calculated by matching data on food purchases and nutritional data, collected at the same date. An algorithm is run to disentangle the specific effect of food reformulation. We find that food reformulation, which is based on voluntary individual firm choices or voluntary industry‐wide agreement in our case studies, contributes to decrease SFAs and salt intake in seven out of eight cases. However, the magnitude of the impact is moderate, except in the case of potato chips for which a much stronger impact is observed. Product renewal has an ambiguous effect, depending on the nutrient considered. By contrast, changes in consumer behavior increase the intake of SFAs and salt in all cases. Finally, food reformulation generally benefits all consumers equally, regardless of income or age. For food categories with consumption disparities, product reformulation can reduce heterogeneity in nutrient intake across socioeconomic groups, provided that recipes are greatly and widely improved  [EconLit Citations: D12, D22, I1].
Reversible Self‐Assembly of Nucleic Acids in a Diffusiophoretic Trap
Authors: Katzmeier Florian , Simmel Friedrich C.
Published: February 2024

The formation and dissociation of duplexes or higher order structures from nucleic acid strands is a fundamental process with widespread applications in biochemistry and nanotechnology. Here, we introduce a simple experimental system—a diffusiophoretic trap—for the non‐equilibrium self‐assembly of nucleic acid structures that uses an electrolyte gradient as the driving force. DNA strands can be concentrated up to hundredfold by a diffusiophoretic trapping force that is caused by the electric field generated by the electrolyte gradient. We present a simple equation for the field to guide selection of appropriate trapping electrolytes. Experiments with carboxylated silica particles demonstrate that the diffusiophoretic force is long‐ranged, extending over hundreds of micrometers. As an application, we explore the reversible self‐assembly of branched DNA nanostructures in the trap into a macroscopic gel. The structures assemble in the presence of an electrolyte gradient, and disassemble upon its removal, representing a prototypical adaptive response to a macroscopic non‐equilibrium state.
Enantioselective and Regiodivergent Synthesis of Propargyl‐ and Allenylsilanes through Catalytic Propargylic C−H Deprotonation
Authors: Zhu Jin , Xiang Hengye , Chang Hai , Corcoran James C. , Ding Ruiqi , Xia Yue , Liu Peng , Wang Yi‐Ming
Published: February 2024

We report a highly enantioselective intermolecular C−H bond silylation catalyzed by a phosphoramidite‐ligated iridium catalyst. Under reagent‐controlled protocols, propargylsilanes resulting from C(sp3)−H functionalization, as well the regioisomeric and synthetically versatile allenylsilanes, could be obtained with excellent levels of enantioselectivity and good to excellent control of propargyl/allenyl selectivity. In the case of unsymmetrical dialkyl acetylenes, good to excellent selectivity for functionalization at the less‐hindered site was also observed. A variety of electrophilic silyl sources (R3SiOTf and R3SiNTf2), either commercial or in situ‐generated, were used as the silylation reagents, and a broad range of simple and functionalized alkynes, including aryl alkyl acetylenes, dialkyl acetylenes, 1,3‐enynes, and drug derivatives were successfully employed as substrates. Detailed mechanistic experiments and DFT calculations suggest that an η3‐propargyl/allenyl Ir intermediate is generated upon π‐complexation‐assisted deprotonation and undergoes outer‐sphere attack by the electrophilic silylating reagent to give propargylic silanes, with the latter step identified as the enantiodetermining step.
The effectiveness of adjustable trans‐obturator male system (ATOMS) in radiated patients is reduced: A propensity score‐matched analysis
Authors: Angulo Javier C. , Giammò Alessandro , Queissert Fabian , Schönburg Sandra , González‐Enguita Carmen , Gonsior Andreas , Romero Antonio , Martins Francisco E. , Antunes‐Lopes Tiago , González Raquel , Szczesniewski Juliusz , Téllez Carlos , Cruz Francisco , Rourke Keith F.
Published: February 2024

Objectives

This study aimed to compare the effectiveness and safety of the adjustable trans‐obturator male system (ATOMS®) to treat post‐prostatectomy incontinence (PPI) in radiated patients compared with non‐radiated patients, using propensity score‐matching analysis to enhance the validity of the comparison.

Patients and methods

Consecutive men with PPI treated with silicone‐covered scrotal port ATOMS (A.M.I., Feldkirch, Austria) in nine different institutions between 2016 and 2022 were included. Preoperative assessment evaluated 24‐h pad usage, urethroscopy and urodynamics, if indicated. Propensity score‐matching analysis was based on age, length of follow‐up, previous PPI treatment, previous bladder neck stricture, androgen deprivation and pad usage. The primary endpoint was dry rate, defined as no pads post‐operatively with a security pad allowed. The secondary endpoints were complications, device removal and self‐perceived satisfaction with the Patient Global Impression of Improvement (PGI‐I) scale.

Results

Of the 710 included patients, 342 were matched, and the study groups were balanced for the baseline matched variables. The mean baseline 24‐h pad was 4.8 in both groups (p = 0.48). The mean follow‐up was 27.5 ± 18.6 months, which was also equivalent between groups (p = 0.36). The primary outcome was achieved in 73 (42.7%) radiated patients and in 115 (67.3%) non‐radiated patients (p < 0.0001). The mean pad count at the last follow‐up was 1.5 and 0.8, respectively (p < 0.0001). There was no significant difference in complications (p = 0.94), but surgical revision and device explant rates were higher (p = 0.03 and p = 0.01, respectively), and the proportion of patients highly satisfied (PGI‐I = 1) was lower in the radiated group (p = 0.01). At sensitivity analysis, the study was found to be reasonably robust to hidden bias.

Conclusion

ATOMS implantation significantly outperformed in patients without adjuvant radiation over radiated patients.
Does entrepreneurship hold the key? Steering through income inequality towards happiness
Authors: Sedeh Amirmahmood Amini , Caiazza Rosa
Published: February 2024

In accordance with the theoretical underpinning that subjective well‐being (SWB) is influenced by a multifaceted array of contextual determinants, this study aims to dissect these intricate connections. Utilizing national business system (NBS) framework and implementing fuzzy‐set qualitative comparative analysis (fsQCA), we scrutinize the collective impact of entrepreneurial endeavors, institutional structures, and income equality on SWB. Through this analysis, we aimed to uncover the equifinal ways in which these elements synergistically contribute to SWB. To be more precise, our study seeks to explore how environmental conditions harness the advantages of both social and commercial entrepreneurial initiatives to alleviate the negative impacts of income inequality, thereby fostering SWB. In line with this perspective, the overarching finding of our study underscores the significance of institutional coherence in fostering the ability of entrepreneurial activities to generate SWB.
The Internet is a scary place: How does evidence source and examinee race or ethnicity influence determinations of threat?
Authors: Lord Madison R. , Batastini Ashley B. , Smith Colin J. , Vitacco Michael J. , Eddy Tom
Published: February 2024

Violent rhetoric online is becoming increasingly relevant to the practice of forensic mental health assessment as examinee's virtual lives may transform into real‐world acts of violence. With the rise of a diverse subculture of violent online communities, the aim of the present study was to inform how concerns with online sources of collateral data and racial/ethnic biases may influence determinations of violence potential. Using an experimental design, jury‐eligible participants (N = 278) and forensic mental health experts (N = 78) were presented with mock Twitter (now referred to as X) posts that varied by data source (i.e., how information was accessed) and the examinee's race/ethnicity. Results showed no differences in participants' ratings of data credibility, how much weight they would place on the posts in a threat assessment, or how likely the examinee was to act violently against his intended target. Implications regarding the interpretation of social media evidence, relevant limitations, and future research are discussed.
Critical analysis of the use of extended reality XR for training in civil engineering
Authors: Proboste Martinez Mathias , Muñoz La Rivera Felipe , Serrano Javier Mora
Published: February 2024

Construction 4.0 promotes digital transformation through automation, robotisation, and the integration of systems and processes into digital environments, with direct links to real systems, using a wide range of technologies. The risk here is centred on having very advanced machines with people not prepared to use them. If the training is centred on teaching people, however, the risk is transferred to having overqualified equipment. In search of this balance, the study, analysis, and evaluation of human–machine interaction are crucial, as are correctly identifying the tools through which this interaction is achieved. Extended reality (XR), emerging technology within Construction 4.0, seems to be a tool that offers an environment conducive to achieving these interactions and meeting the objectives sought. In civil engineering, efforts have been directed towards the study and development of applications of XR experiences rather than the application of this technology in a transcendental way in civil engineering training. This research identifies developments in XR experiences and analyses their use, application methodologies, and training areas that include immersive training, as well as the relationship between XR and construction industry methodologies and technologies, such as building information modelling.
Digital assessment of supracrestal tissue attachment and its correlation with dentogingival components
Authors: Abdulkarim Hesham H. , Antoine Nathan M. , Wang Mary Ying‐Fang , Rosales Elio Reyes , Miley D. Douglas
Published: February 2024

Background

The aim of this study is to measure, in vivo, the supracrestal tissue attachment dimensions (STADs) by means of a noninvasive digital method and to investigate the association between STADs and gingival thickness (GT), tooth position, tooth length, tooth width, keratinized tissue width (KTW), buccal bone thickness (BBT), and bone crest (BC) level.

Methods

Nineteen periodontally healthy subjects who previously received full mouth periodontal charting, cone beam computed tomography, and intraoral scan for the purpose of implant planning were included in the study. A digital imaging software was used for the superimposition of Digital Imaging and Communications in Medicine and stereolithography files, along with hard and soft tissue measurements. Pearson's correlation and ANOVA statistical analyses were used to investigate potential trends between STADs and other dentogingival components.

Results

A total of 203 teeth were assessed, with an average STADs of 2.05 mm (±0.99 mm). STADs were larger in mandibular than maxillary teeth (p‐value <0.001) and decreased from anterior to posterior teeth. STADs exhibited an inverse relationship with BBTs and GTs (p‐value <0.001) and the KTW (p‐value = 0.05). Positive correlations were found between GT and BBT (p‐value <0.001), whereas both were negatively correlated with the distance between the cementoenamel junction and BC (p‐values 0.019 and 0.006, respectively) and positively correlated with KTW (p‐value <0.001).

Conclusions

This study highlighted the dynamic nature of STA relative to tooth position. Additionally, it explored the intricate relationships of STADs with various dentogingival components.

Key points

To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this study represents the first application of CBCTs, intraoral scans, and clinical probe depths for noninvasive supracrestal tissue attachment measurements.

This study advocates for a personalized assessment of supracrestal attachments, incorporating tooth position and other dentogingival components.

The study emphasizes the importance for practitioners to consider the specific patient gingival phenotypes during restorative or surgical planning to avoid adverse outcomes.
Guest editorial overview: ‘Mapping the future of consumer behaviour using disruptive technologies’
Authors: Behl Abhishek , Nigam Achint , Vrontis Demetris
Published: February 2024

Businesses of the 21st century are utilizing technology in developing offerings for the growth of their businesses. From taking a minor role in formulating business decisions, technologies now have a larger stake. Disruptive technologies like artificial intelligence, virtual reality, robotics, blockchain, 3D printing, 5G, Internet‐of‐Things, digital twins and augmented reality are changing how marketing strategies are developed and consumer behaviour is shaped. Our special issue contributes to enhancing the academic and industry‐relevant knowledge of such new‐age technologies and their marketing implications. The papers in this issue focus on the changing consumer behaviour in sectors like healthcare, apparel, footwear to highlight the critical role played by disruptive tech in shaping the modern world marketing and business plans.
Impact of processing and storage on rancidity markers in commercial and novel cultivar candidates of intermediate wheatgrass (Thinopyrum intermedium)
Authors: Loehr Leslie A. , Bajgain Prabin , Selfridge Coleman , Annor George , Ismail Baraem P.
Published: February 2024

Background and Objectives

Breeding of intermediate wheatgrass (Thinopyrum intermedium, IWG) culminated in the release of a commercial cultivar (MN‐Clearwater) with attractive environmental and nutritional benefits. Determining the impacts of ambient storage and common postharvest processing on the stability of IWG flour is essential to promote it as a food ingredient. Accordingly, MN‐Clearwater and two other potential cultivars, selected for their unique chemical composition, were subjected to extrusion and germination followed by 8 months of storage. Antioxidants, lipase and lipoxygenase activity, free fatty acid (FFA), peroxide value (PV), and volatile odor compounds (VOC) were analyzed at different timepoints.

Findings

While germination caused a significant increase in lipase activity (~threefold in MN‐Clearwater), extrusion resulted in complete lipase degradation. Additionally, lipase activity was more consequential to hydrolytic rancidity than fat content. Regardless, results indicated that the endogenously abundant antioxidants can combat rancidity facilitated by enzymes and autoxidation as evidenced by significant losses in carotenoids between 3 and 6 months of storage (with 70%–80% reduction after 6 months of storage), when steep increases in FFA (up to 40% oleic acid/100 g fat), PV (two‐fourfolds increase after 6 months of storage), and VOC (hexanal and 2‐pentyl‐furan) occurred.

Significance and Novelty

The findings of this work serve as an impetus for IWG breeding advancements since enzymes and antioxidants can be traits that breeders may consider when selecting cultivar candidates. Results can be also utilized to understand the impact of postharvest processing of the grain on the storage stability of its flour.
Effects of cooking temperature on technological properties and in vitro digestibility of quick‐cooking black and brown rice
Authors: de Souza Batista Cristian , Dittgen Caroline L. , da Silva Lindemann Igor , Wang Ya‐Jane , Elias Moacir C. , Vanier Nathan L. , Colussi Rosana
Published: February 2024

Background and Objectives

The performance of brown (INOV CL) and black (AE 153045 and IAC 600) rice was evaluated at three different cooking temperatures (80°C, 90°C, and 100°C) for the production of quick‐cooking unpolished rice (QCR). The samples were analyzed for physical and pasting properties, bioactive compounds, phenolics bioaccessibility, and in vitro starch digestibility.

Findings

The highest temperature used to prepare the QCR (100°C) promoted the shortest cooking time of the QCR end products and low damaged grain content and bulk density. The anthocyanin content reduced on QCR grains and that of the bioaccessible phenolics increased. As the cooking temperature of QCR preparation increased, the peak viscosities decreased for all studied cultivars as well as starch digestibility.

Conclusions

The results provided scientific, nutritional, and technological evidence concerning the production of quick‐cooking pigmented and unpigmented unpolished rice proving to be an excellent technology to add value to these grains.

Significance and Novelty

This study optimized the method for QCR production, transforming this highly nutritious food into a more convenient and practical product that retains its health benefits.
Descending aorta to right atrial fistula: Transcatheter embolization of a very rare anomaly with coils
Authors: Despotopoulos Stefanos , Apostolopoulou Sotiria , Vagenakis George , Kanakis Meletios , Samanidis George , Zachos Panagiotis , Chatziantoniou Anastasios , Papagiannis John , Rammos Spyridon , Tsoutsinos Alexandros
Published: February 2024

Key Clinical Message

Descending aorta to right atrial (RA) fistula is a rare and distinct clinical entity mimicking patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) and it may lead to rapid development of pulmonary vascular disease. Correct diagnosis and treatment, especially in the presence of other congenital heart defects, is very important. Interventional management is the treatment of choice.

We present a case report of a trisomy 21 infant with atrial and ventricular septal defects and small patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) complicated by the presence of descending aorta to right atrial (RA) fistula with large left to right shunt leading to rapid increase in pulmonary vascular resistance. Transcatheter occlusion of the fistula followed by closure of the PDA with Nit‐Occlud coil systems led to decreased pulmonary pressure and resistance permitting successful surgical repair of the patient's intracardiac defects with good outcome over 3 years of follow‐up. Descending aorta to RA fistula is a rare and distinct clinical entity mimicking PDA and its correct diagnosis and treatment, especially in the presence of other congenital heart defects, is very important as it may lead to rapid development of pulmonary vascular disease.
Transition Metals Based Dual Single‐atom Catalysts for Oxygen Electrocatalysis: Stunning Advances and Future Prospects
Authors: Ajmal Saira , Zhao Yulin , Yasin Ghulam , Boakye Felix Ofori , Tabish Mohammad , Alam Mohammed Mujahid , Al‐Sehemi Abdullah G. , Zhao Wei
Published: February 2024

During the past few years, single‐atom catalysts (SACs) have attracted considerable attention in electrolysis due to their outstanding catalytic performance and efficient atomic utilization. SACs exhibit a simple structure, high catalytic activity, consistent scaling relationships for single sites, and low metal content but their practical applications are still limited. Dual single‐atom catalysts (DACs), which feature excellent selectivity, high atomic utilization efficiency, and remarkable stability, are emerging as new frontiers in heterogeneous electrocatalysis. They increase catalytic activity by promoting synergistic effects between metal‐active sites. In this paper, we present a comprehensive overview of the latest developments in dual‐atom catalysts for oxygen evolution reaction (OER) and oxygen reduction reaction (ORR). In addition, we explore the differences between homonuclear and heteronuclear configurations, the emergence of single/dual‐site metal catalysts, and the methods currently used for their synthesis. Lastly, this review discusses several perspectives for advancing the development of dual‐atom catalysts for OER and ORR electrocatalysis.
Family's socioeconomic and demographic factors on elements of children's dental and oral health: A scoping review
Authors: Fadila Wisnu , Rahardja Mugia B. , Prasetyoputra Puguh , Suwargiani Anne A. , Prasetyo Yanu E. , Riyanti Eriska
Published: February 2024

Background

Family plays a significant role in children's dental and oral health (DOH) elements, such as children's DOH knowledge and practice, the development of children's dental fear and anxiety (DFA), children's dental visits, and children's DOH status. The study aims to address the interrelationship of these elements based on individual and familial socioeconomic and demographic (SED) attributes.

Methods

Given the possibility that the COVID‐19 epidemic might alter oral health and disrupt dental care, a systematic literature search from the Scopus and Web of Science library database was limited to the 2017–2019 peer‐reviewed published literature, which includes quantitative studies that investigated at whether SED status contributed to children's DOH elements. Four sets of keywords are combined in both library database literature searches. Using the PRISMA‐ScR Checklist as a reference, we conduct this scoping review.

Results

A total of 15 studies were included. Studies were from Brazil, Iran, China, India, Indonesia, Peru, Portugal, and UK. The socioeconomic characteristics include parental education, income, employment, assets and home ownership, type of residence, and health insurance coverage. The demographic characteristics include parent's age, children's age, the number of family members, and family type. There were 13 studies observing parent's education, seven examining family income, four identifying parental employment, three measuring family assets, six assessing the type of residence, and one recording health insurance coverage. Few studies assessed socioeconomic proxies such as school type, free school lunches, and social networks. In addition, race, the number of household members, the number of children, and family type were measured in at least one of the literature.

Conclusion

Family SED characteristics may define a pathway to children's DOH elements.
Excitation of nonlinear longitudinal structures in spin‐1/2 quantum plasma in the presence of ion beam
Authors: Iqbal Z. , Abbas G. , Rozina Ch. , Nadeem N. , Murtaza G.
Published: February 2024

The formation of longitudinal, nonlinear structures in an interacting ion beam, spin‐1/2 quantum, electron‐ion plasma is reported by employing a separate spin evolution quantum hydrodynamic model (SSE‐QHD). The reductive perturbation method is followed to develop the KdV equations. In the presence of an ion beam and keeping the finite electron inertial effects, ion acoustic (IA) soliton and spin electron acoustic (SEA) soliton are found. The critical values of beam speed and spin polarization, required for the existence of solitary structures, are highlighted. It is prescribed that the present model supports rarefactive and compressive SEA soliton and compressive IA soliton. It is shown that the ion beam is essential for the existence of a compressive SEA solitary structure. We have also calculated and compared the energy densities of  both solitons. Furthermore, the dependence of the nonlinear structures on the beam parameters and spin polarization are also examined. Our findings would be useful to understand the new spin‐dependent nonlinear structures as well as the features of nonlinear IA waves in ion beam–plasma interactions.
Effect of nonthermal and nonextensive electrons on dust acoustic waves in planetary rings
Authors: Li Zhong‐Zheng , Gao Dong‐Ning , Fan Zheng‐En , Liang Sheng‐De , Xie Li‐Qiang
Published: February 2024

Dust acoustic waves (DAWs) in plasmas are influenced by many plasma parameters, such as, ion temperature, electron number density, nonthermal and nonextensive parameters, and dust cyclotron frequency. The plasma system is described by plasma fluid equations. The Zakharov–Kuznetsov equation and instability growth rate of DAWs have been obtained by reductive perturbation method and small‐ expansion method, respectively. The effects of plasma parameters on the linear dispersion relation, phase velocity, amplitude, width, soliton energy, and three‐dimensional instability of DAWs have been carried out. It is obvious that the incremental nonextensive (nonthermal) parameter leads to the shrinking (incremental) soliton energy and phase velocity. These results are useful for understanding dusty plasma dynamics with Cairns–Tsallis electrons in planetary rings.
Chrononutrition in cardiometabolic diseases: Current evidence and future perspectives
Authors: Carbone Salvatore , Pozzilli Paolo
Published: February 2024

Chrononutrition is the field of nutritional science that investigates the relationship between food intake, timing of food intake, and their effects and influence on circadian rhythms and overall health. By aligning eating patterns with body's internal clock, optimisation of metabolic processes, improvements of various aspects of health can be achieved. Cardiovascular (CV) and metabolic diseases remain the leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Notably, in the US alone, approximately half of all cardiometabolic deaths are attributed to modifiable dietary factors, suggesting that dietary changes could result in dramatic increases in lifespan and its related quality of life. Social media have also a great impact on chrononutrition and their role cannot be neglected. The impact of social media on chrononutrition can be multifaceted: information dissemination, influence on eating habits, digital detox challenges, cultural influence and social jet lag. This special issue will provide novel insights and clarifications on chrononutrition, but also on additional controversial topics. The articles we selected should promote future preclinical and clinical studies to ultimately identify the most appropriate approaches to reduce the unacceptable high burden of CV and metabolic diseases.
Prevalence of nandrolone preparations with endogenous carbon isotope ratios in Australia
Authors: Polet Michael , Van Eenoo Peter , Brooker Lance , Edey Claire , Agon Vanessa , Grainger Janelle , Payne Gemma , Goebel Catrin
Published: February 2024

Nandrolone and its prohormones, including 19‐norandrost‐4‐ene‐3,17‐dione and 19‐norandrost‐4‐ene‐3β,17β‐diol, are anabolic steroids forbidden at all times in sports according to the World Anti‐Doping Code Prohibited List and its metabolite 19‐norandrosterone (19NA) is the preferred urinary target compound to identify their abuse. In recent years, an increasing number of 19NA isotope ratio mass spectrometry (IRMS) cases have arisen that, based on the initial testing procedure, were likely to result in an adverse analytical finding but were concluded negative after IRMS analysis. The current study was therefore set up to gain a better insight on the prevalence of nandrolone preparations with endogenous carbon isotope ratio values in Australia. Suitable workplace (non‐athlete) urine samples that had previously been reported positive for 19NA were identified and analysed on IRMS. A total of 82% of the samples that were analysed were reported with enriched carbon isotope ratios of 19NA (i.e., 19NA greater than −26‰). This indicates that there is a high prevalence of nandrolone‐containing anabolic androgenic steroid preparations in Australia that have ‘endogenous’ carbon isotope ratios which reduces the ability to identify exogenous nandrolone.
Heat stress conditions affect the social network structure of free‐ranging sheep
Authors: Borthwick Zachary , Quiring Katrin , Griffith Simon C. , Leu Stephan T.
Published: February 2024

Extreme weather conditions, like heatwave events, are becoming more frequent with climate change. Animals often modify their behaviour to cope with environmental changes and extremes. During heat stress conditions, individuals change their spatial behaviour and increase the use of shaded areas to assist with thermoregulation. Here, we suggest that for social species, these behavioural changes and ambient conditions have the potential to influence an individual's position in its social network, and the social network structure as a whole. We investigated whether heat stress conditions (quantified through the temperature humidity index) and the resulting use of shaded areas, influence the social network structure and an individual's connectivity in it. We studied this in free‐ranging sheep in the arid zone of Australia, GPS‐tracking all 48 individuals in a flock. When heat stress conditions worsened, individuals spent more time in the shade and the network was more connected (higher density) and less structured (lower modularity). Furthermore, we then identified the behavioural change that drove the altered network structure and showed that an individual's shade use behaviour affected its social connectivity. Interestingly, individuals with intermediate shade use were most strongly connected (degree, strength, betweenness), indicating their importance for the connectivity of the social network during heat stress conditions. Heat stress conditions, which are predicted to increase in severity and frequency due to climate change, influence resource use within the ecological environment. Importantly, our study shows that these heat stress conditions also affect the animal's social environment through the changed social network structure. Ultimately, this could have further flow on effects for social foraging and individual health since social structure drives information and disease transmission.
Biogeography and assembly processes of abundant and rare soil microbial taxa in the southern part of the Qilian Mountain National Park, China
Authors: Feng Zhilin , Li Na , Deng Yanfang , Yu Yao , Gao Qingbo , Wang Jiuli , Chen Shi‐long , Xing Rui
Published: February 2024

Soil microorganisms play vital roles in regulating multiple ecosystem functions. Recent studies have revealed that the rare microbial taxa (with extremely low relative abundances, which are still largely ignored) are also crucial in maintaining the health and biodiversity of the soil and may respond differently to environmental pressure. However, little is known about the soil community structures of abundant and rare taxa and their assembly processes in different soil layers on the Qinghai‐Tibet Plateau (QTP). The present study investigated the community structure and assembly processes of soil abundant and rare microbial taxa on the northeastern edge of the QTP. Soil microbial abundance was defined by abundant taxa, whereas rare taxa contributed to soil microbial diversity. The results of null model show that the stochastic process ruled the assembly processes of all sub‐communities. Dispersal limitation contributed more to the assembly of abundant microbial taxa in the different soil layers. In contrast, drift played a more critical role in the assembly processes of the rare microbial taxa. In addition, in contrast to previous studies, the abundant taxa played more important roles in co‐occurrence networks, most likely because of the heterogeneity of the soil, the sparsity of amplicon sequencing, the sampling strategy, and the limited samples in the present study. The results of this study improve our understanding of soil microbiome assemblies on the QTP and highlight the role of abundant taxa in sustaining the stability of microbial co‐occurrence networks in different soil layers.
Advancing isotope‐enabled hydrological modelling for ungauged calibration of data‐scarce humid tropical catchments
Authors: Watson Andrew , Kralisch Sven , Miller Jodie , Vystavna Yuliya , Gokool Shaeden , Künne Annika , Helmschrot Jörg , Arciniega‐Esparza Saul , Sanchez‐Murillo Ricardo , Birkel Christian
Published: February 2024

Realistic projections of the future climate and how this translates to water availability is crucial for sustainable water resource management. However, data availability constrains the capacity to simulate streamflow and corresponding hydrological processes. Developing more robust hydrological models and methods that can circumvent the need for large amounts of hydro‐climatic data is crucial to support water‐related decisions, particularly in developing countries. In this study, we use natural isotope tracers in addition to hydro‐climate data within a newly developed version of the spatially‐distributed J2000iso as an isotope‐enabled rainfall‐runoff model simulating both water and stable isotope (δ2H) fluxes. We pilot the model for the humid tropical San Carlos catchment (2500 km2) in northeastern Costa Rica, which has limited time series, but spatially distributed data. The added benefit of simulating stable isotopes was assessed by comparing different amounts of observation data using three model calibration strategies (i) three streamflow gauges, (ii) three gauges with stream isotopes and (iii) isotopes only. The J2000iso achieved a streamflow Kling–Gupta efficiency (KGE) of 0.55–0.70 across all the models and gauges, but differences in hydrological process simulations emerged when including stable water isotopes in the rainfall‐runoff calibration. Hydrological process simulation varied between the standard J2000 rainfall‐runoff model with a high simulated surface runoff proportion of 37% as opposed to the isotope version with 84%–89% simulated baseflow or interflow. The model solutions that used only isotope data for calibration exhibited differences in simulated interflow, baseflow and model performance but captured bulk water balances with a reasonable match between the simulated and observed hydrographs. We conclude that J2000iso has shown the potential to support water balance modelling for ungauged catchments using stable isotope, satellite and global reanalysis data sets.
Perrotta Integrative Clinical Interviews‐3 (PICI‐3): Development, regulation, updation, and validation of the psychometric instrument for the identification of functional and dysfunctional personality traits and diagnosis of psychopathological disorders, for children (8–10 years), preadolescents (11–13 years), adolescents (14–18 years), adults (19–69 years), and elders (70–90 years)
Authors: Perrotta Giulio
Published: February 2024

The Perrotta Integrative Clinical Interview, second version (PICI‐2) requires structural and functional updates, based on clinical and academic experience, especially in terms of functional traits and interpretation of psychopathological disorders. The Perrotta Integrative Clinical Interviews‐3 (PICI‐3) was created and structured into four sections, dedicated to dysfunctional traits in children and pre‐adolescents (PICI‐C‐3, 8–13 years) and in adolescents, adults, and the elderly (PICI‐TA‐3, 14–90 years), to common secondary disorders (PICI‐DS‐3, 8–90 years) and functional traits (PICI‐FT‐3, 8–90 years), with the identification of all functional elements and structural aspects of personality according to the model underlying the PICI (IPM). Selecting 1732 subjects, between 8 and 90 years old, the statistical analysis showed that the psychometric test has a well‐defined and stable construct, with the variables well represented and positively correlated with other constructs already validated. In particular: (a) the PICI‐TA‐3 (Section A) was compared with the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory‐2‐Restructured Form (MMPI‐2‐RF), obtaining 99.3% compatibility of results, with a Pearson's coefficient (R) of 0.999 and p < 0.001; (b) the PICI‐C‐3 (Section B) was compared with the Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL), obtaining 94.1% compatibility of results, with a Pearson coefficient (R) of 0.969 and p < 0.001; (c) the PICI‐FT‐3 (Section D) was compared with the Big Five Personality Test (Big5), obtaining 89.4% compatibility of results, with a Pearson coefficient (R) of 0.797 and p < 0.001. The PICI‐3 is a valid, efficient, and effective psychometric tool to identify the functioning or dysfunction of personality traits for psychopathological diagnosis.
Isolation of potentially novel species expands the genomic and functional diversity of Lachnospiraceae
Authors: Lin Xiaoqian , Hu Tongyuan , Wu Zhinan , Li Lingne , Wang Yuhao , Wen Dingyang , Liu Xudong , Li Wenxi , Liang Hewei , Jin Xin , Xu Xun , Wang Jian , Yang Huanming , Kristiansen Karsten , Xiao Liang , Zou Yuanqiang
Published: February 2024

The Lachnospiraceae family holds promise as a source of next‐generation probiotics, yet a comprehensive delineation of its diversity is lacking, hampering the identification of suitable strains for future applications. To address this knowledge gap, we conducted an in‐depth genomic and functional analysis of 1868 high‐quality genomes, combining data from public databases with our new isolates. This data set represented 387 colonization‐selective species‐level clusters, of which eight genera represented multilineage clusters. Pan‐genome analysis, single‐nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) identification, and probiotic functional predictions revealed that species taxonomy, habitats, and geography together shape the functional diversity of Lachnospiraceae. Moreover, analyses of associations with atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ACVD) and inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) indicated that several strains of potentially novel Lachnospiraceae species possess the capacity to reduce the abundance of opportunistic pathogens, thereby imparting potential health benefits. Our findings shed light on the untapped potential of novel species enabling knowledge‐based selection of strains for the development of next‐generation probiotics holding promise for improving human health and disease management.
Inconvenient sampling: Community‐engaged and restorative justice approaches to genetic counseling student research
Authors: Zayhowski Kimberly , Glanton Emily , MacFarlane Ian M. , Pratt Rebekah , Lumpkins Crystal Y. , Zierhut Heather
Published: February 2024

Genetic counseling research requires a comprehensive approach since it frequently serves as the foundation for clinical care practice. Genetic counseling students play a pivotal role in advancing the profession, as they contribute a significant proportion of the research conducted within the genetic counseling community. However, a prevailing trend of convenience sampling of genetic counselors has limited the diversity of perspectives in student research projects. This article promotes a strategy for greater inclusivity and equity in research by emphasizing community‐engaged and empowered research through the perspective of restorative justice. Reflecting on the shadow of the harmful ideologies of eugenics in our profession underscores the need to amplify patients' voices and diverse experiences. Community‐engaged research—in collaboration with individuals, families, and communities directly impacted by genetic counseling—transcends traditional research paradigms, empowering patients and addressing systemic inequities. Incorporating community‐engaged research into genetic counseling student projects aims to empower future professionals to better understand patient perspectives and needs while working toward addressing historical injustices. This article explores the potential benefits and pathways of incorporating community‐engaged research and restorative justice principles into genetic counseling scholarly work, promoting empathy, cultural responsiveness, and ultimately, a more patient‐centered approach to research and clinical care. By embracing this collective journey toward authentic partnership in the production of high‐quality evidence in genetic counseling student research and more broadly, genetic counseling can become a more just and inclusive practice.