bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Implications of Using Thermal Desorption to Remediate Contaminated Agricultural Soil: Physical Characteristics and Hydraulic Processes
Authors: O'Brien Peter L. , DeSutter Thomas M. , Casey Francis X. M. , Derby Nathan E. , Wick Abbey F.
Published: April 2016

Given the recent increase in crude oil production in regions with predominantly agricultural economies, the determination of methods that remediate oil contamination and allow for the land to return to crop production is increasingly relevant. Ex situ thermal desorption (TD) is a technique used to remediate crude oil pollution that allows for reuse of treated soil, but the properties of that treated soil are unknown. The objectives of this research were to characterize TD‐treated soil and to describe implications in using TD to remediate agricultural soil. Native, noncontaminated topsoil and subsoil adjacent to an active remediation site were separately subjected to TD treatment at 350°C. Soil physical characteristics and hydraulic processes associated with agricultural productivity were assessed in the TD‐treated samples and compared with untreated samples. Soil organic carbon decreased more than 25% in both the TD‐treated topsoil and the subsoil, and total aggregation decreased by 20% in the topsoil but was unaffected in the subsoil. The alteration in these physical characteristics explains a 400% increase in saturated hydraulic conductivity in treated samples as well as a decrease in water retention at both field capacity and permanent wilting point. The changes in soil properties identified in this study suggest that TD‐treated soils may still be suitable for sustaining vegetation, although likely at a slightly diminished capacity when directly compared with untreated soils.

Core Ideas

Soil from a crude oil spill site was remediated using thermal desorption.

Thermal desorption treatment reduced SOC, SSA, and aggregation.

Changes to physical properties caused increased Ks and decreased water retention.

Soils subjected to TD may be less effective in crop production than native soil.

Adding organic amendments to TD‐treated soil may ameliorate some effects of TD.
How can drinking water treatments influence chlorine dioxide consumption and by-product formation in final disinfection?
Authors: Sorlini Sabrina , Biasibetti Michela , Gialdini Francesca , Collivignarelli Maria Cristina
Published: April 2016

In this study water samples of different origins (subalpine lake, artificial lake and river) were treated by pre-oxidation, coagulation/flocculation, adsorption on granular activated carbon and disinfection. Different laboratory-scale tests were carried out to evaluate the treatment impact on ClO2 consumption in disinfection and on the formation of disinfection by-products (trihalomethanes, adsorbable organic halogen, chlorite and chlorate). The results showed that coagulation/flocculation and activated carbon adsorption have the most significant impact on reducing disinfectant consumption. Pre-oxidation of artificial lake water with KMnO4 and NaClO determines the highest ClO2 consumption. Regardless of the water source, the amount of chlorite produced after disinfection with ClO2 is 40–60% lower using NaClO as the pre-oxidant rather than KMnO4 or ClO2. Otherwise, NaClO leads to a high formation of adsorbable organic halogens and trihalomethanes in artificial lake water (up to 60 μg/L and 20 μg/L respectively), while in the case of ClO2 oxidation, trihalomethane formation is 98% less compared to NaClO. Further, adding ferrous ion in coagulation/flocculation improves the removal of chlorite produced during pre-oxidation, with a 90% removal, mainly due to the reduction of chlorite to chloride. Finally, activated carbon adsorption after pre-oxidation and coagulation/flocculation removes adsorbable organic halogens and trihalomethanes respectively by 50–60% and 30–98%, and completes the chlorite and chlorate removal.
Individual morality and the morality of institutions
Authors: Scanlon Thomas
Published: April 2016

This paper discusses the relationship between moral philosophy and political
philosophy. It holds that political philosophy in some way is part of moral
philosophy as the former deals with the content of moral standards governing
the relations between individuals and institutions. That would be the purpose
of the ?morality of institutions?, while the so-called "individual morality"
would inform the standards applicable to individuals. On the basis of a
conception of individual morality as it relates to contractualism and a
discussion of the morality of institutions that closely follows John Rawls?
theory of justice, the paper addresses the question of the foundations of the
obligation to comply with institution-defined standards that are directed
towards individuals. At the end, it focuses in particular on the difficulty
of rationalizing that obligation in the case of unjust institutions.
Debt resistance: Beyond or within capitalism?
Authors: Caraus Tamara
Published: April 2016

The empirical cases of debt resistance show that the most coherent way of
resisting debt consists mainly in debt cancelation or a jubilee. But is debt
cancellation, even on a mass scale, a sufficient form of debt resistance or
resistance should aim at a deeper restructuring of the economic system that
creates indebtedness? The aim of this paper is to examine if it is possible
to formulate an argument for debt resistance to a financial economy that
creates debt, instead of becoming indebted and then calling for debt
forgiveness, jubilee and cancellation. In order to arrive at such an
argument, this paper analyzes firstly the arguments on debt resistance
formulated by David Graeber in Debt: the First 5,000 Years and by Maurizio
Lazzarato in The Making of the Indebted Man: An Essay on the Neoliberal
Condition, pointing to some common contradictions and shortcomings of
Graeber?s and Lazzarato?s arguments which make debt foundational and inhibit
the debt resistance instead of radicalizing it. The paper argues that an
emphasis on the contingency and contestability of debt enhances resistance to
debt and resistance to the neoliberal system as such.
Denationalization: Neoliberalism after Foucault
Authors: Barison Marcello
Published: April 2016

Starting from Michel Foucault?s considerations dedicated to economic
knowledge (especially in Il faut d?fendre la soci?t? and Naissance de la
biopolitique), this paper is about setting up a possible theoretical
framework in which to situate the relationship between political power and
neoliberalism as they appear in their modern articulation, analyzing in
depth how international governmental organizations - such as, for example,
the European Central Bank, the European Union and the International Monetary
Fund - are involved in this process.
After Boyology, Or, Whence and Whither Boyhood Studies?
Authors: Janssen Diederik F.
Published: April 2016

I am most excited to be announcing the first issue of Boyhood Studies: An Interdisciplinary Journal. The journal continues Thymos: Journal of Boyhood Studies, seven volumes of which were published between 2007 and 2013 by The Men’s Studies Press. Boyhood Studies will complement Berghahn’s prize-winning title Girlhood Studies: An Interdisciplinary Journal, published as of 2008.
Quality of life is maintained using Gamma Knife radiosurgery: a prospective study of a brain metastases patient cohort
Authors: Skeie Bente Sandvei , Eide Geir Egil , Flatebø Marianne , Heggdal Jan Ingeman , Larsen Elisabeth , Bragstad Sidsel , Pedersen Paal-Henning , Enger Per Øyvind
Published: April 2016

OBJECTIVE

Gamma Knife radiosurgery (GKRS) is increasingly used in the management of brain metastases (BMs), but few studies have evaluated how GKRS impacts quality of life (QOL). The aim of this study was to monitor QOL as the primary end point following GKRS in a patient cohort with BM.

METHODS

The study included 97 consecutive patients with 1–6 BMs treated with GKRS between May 2010 and September 2011. QOL was assessed at baseline and at 1, 3, 6, 9, and 12 months postoperatively using the Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy–Brain (FACT-BR) questionnaire with the brain cancer subscale (BRCS) questionnaire. Factors predicting QOL were identified by mixed linear regression analyses. Local control and toxicity were evaluated according to Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors (RECIST) and the European Organisation for Research and Treatment/Radiation Therapy Oncology Group (EORTC/RTOG) criteria of late effects, respectively.

RESULTS

Compliance was high from baseline (97%) to 12-month follow-up (78%). Mean BRCS scores remained high during follow-up: they improved in 66% of patients and remained unchanged in 6% at 9 months. Local control (p = 0.018), improved symptoms (p = 0.005), and stable extracerebral disease (p = 0.001) correlated with high QOL-BRCS score. High baseline recursive partitioning analysis class predicted improved QOL (p = 0.031), whereas high Karnofsky Performance Scale score (p = 0.017), asymptomatic BMs (p = 0.001), and no cognitive deficits (p = 0.033) or seizures (p = 0.040) predicted high, stable QOL-BRCS during the 12-month follow-up.

CONCLUSIONS

QOL remained stable for up to 12 months following GKRS for the total cohort. High QOL was reported if local control occurred, cerebral symptoms improved/stabilized, or the need for steroids declined, which all reflected successful GKRS. Conversely, low QOL accompanied progression of intra- and extracerebral disease. Based on the study findings, GKRS appears to be a safe and effective treatment option for patients with BMs.
Intramedullary spindle cell hemangioma: case report
Authors: Nasser Rani , Ashayeri Kimberly , Legatt Alan D. , Houten John K.
Published: April 2016

The authors describe the case of a 48-year-old man found to have the first reported intramedullary spinal cord spindle cell hemangioma. Previous research indicates that spindle cell hemangiomas are rarely found in the spine. Only 3 previous cases exist, all in the intradural, extramedullary space. In the present case, gross-total resection of the tumor was possible with no loss of function from baseline. This report presents the successful resection of the first reported intramedullary spindle cell hemangioma and reports 4-month follow-up, demonstrating the biological behavior of this rare tumor.
Posterior convex release and interbody fusion for thoracic scoliosis: technical note
Authors: Mac-Thiong Jean-Marc , Asghar Jahangir , Parent Stefan , Shufflebarger Harry L. , Samdani Amer , Labelle Hubert
Published: April 2016

Anterior release and fusion is sometimes required in pediatric patients with thoracic scoliosis. Typically, a formal anterior approach is performed through open thoracotomy or video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery. The authors recently developed a technique for anterior release and fusion in thoracic scoliosis referred to as “posterior convex release and interbody fusion” (PCRIF). This technique is performed via the posterior-only approach typically used for posterior instrumentation and fusion and thus avoids a formal anterior approach. In this article the authors describe the technique and its use in 9 patients—to prevent a crankshaft phenomenon in 3 patients and to optimize the correction in 6 patients with a severe thoracic curve showing poor reducibility. After Ponte osteotomies at the levels requiring anterior release and fusion, intervertebral discs are approached from the convex side of the scoliosis. The annulus on the convex side of the scoliosis is incised from the lateral border of the pedicle to the lateral annulus while visualizing and protecting the pleura and spinal cord. The annulus in contact with the pleura and the anterior longitudinal ligament are removed before completing the discectomies and preparing the endplates. The PCRIF was performed at 3 levels in 4 patients and at 4 levels in 5 patients. Mean correction of the main thoracic curve, blood loss, and length of stay were 74.9%, 1290 ml, and 7.6 days, respectively. No neurological deficit, implant failure, or pseudarthrosis was observed at the last follow-up. Two patients had pleural effusion postoperatively, with 1 of them requiring placement of a chest tube. One patient had pulmonary edema secondary to fluid overload, while another patient underwent reoperation for a deep wound infection 3 weeks after the initial surgery.

The technique is primarily indicated in skeletally immature patients with open triradiate cartilage and/or severe scoliosis. It can be particularly useful if there is significant vertebral rotation because access to the disc and anterior longitudinal ligament from the convex side will become safer. The PCRIF is an alternative to the formal anterior approach and does not require repositioning between the anterior and posterior stages, which prolongs the surgery and can be associated with an increased complication rate. The procedure can be done in the presence of preexisting pulmonary morbidity such as pleural adhesions and decreased pulmonary function because it does not require mobilization of the lung or single-lung ventilation. However, PCRIF can still be associated with pulmonary complications such as a pleural effusion, and care should be taken to avoid iatrogenic injury to the pleura. Placement of a deep wound drain at the level of the PCRIF is strongly recommended if postoperative bleeding is anticipated, to decrease the risk of pleural effusion.
Cone Beam Computed Tomography (CBCT) Evaluation of Age-related Upper Airway Changes
Authors: Moradi Elham , Sheikh Mahnaz , Vaezi Touraj
Published: April 2016

Background: Upper airway morphology is associated with facial development and occlusion. Treatment of maxillofacial and occlusal disorders requires sufficient knowledge of related functional variables, including upper airway morphology. In order to determine upper airway obstruction and its exact site, three-dimensional (3D) reconstruction of the airway can be beneficial. The aim of the current study was to determine the age-related changes of upper airway morphology.Materials: The pharyngeal area of 87 patients was assessed using Cone Beam Computed Tomography (CBCT), and no artifacts were detected. The subjects were within the age range of 6-60 years, with normal body mass index (BMI) of 18-25 kg/m2. In the CBCTs, in addition to volumetric measurements of nasopharynx, oropharynx, and hypopharynx, distances between pharyngeal wall and posterior nasal spine, uvula, or valcula in anteroposterior and horizontal planes were measured (2D measurement). In addition, the shortest distance between tongue base and posterior pharyngeal wall was calculated in the anteroposterior plane. Data were analyzed in three age groups of 6-20, 21-40, and 41-60 years old via SPSS analysis.Results: Various values of upper airway and variables which measure anteroposterior dimensions of pharynx were significantly higher in the 21-40 years old group, compared to 6-20 years old group. Although these variables were higher in the 21-40 years old group, compared to the 41-60 years old group, the difference was statistically insignificant. The transverse variables had the highest value in the 21-40 years old group, but the difference with the other two groups was insignificant. No significant difference was observed between males and females.Conclusion: According to the results of the current study, upper airway changes in 2D and 3D models may be age-dependent and become more significant by the age of 20 years. In addition, gender has no effect on the development of upper airways.Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science Vol.15(1) 2016 p.78-83
Frequency of Hepatitis B Virus carrier by Detecting AntiHBc Antibody among HBsAg Negative Blood Donors
Authors: Islam Kashfia , Hoque Mazharul , Nahar Samsun , Md. Taimur Syed Dawood , Rahman Zeenat Farzana , Sultana Nahid
Published: April 2016

Background & Objective: Transfusion associated hepatitis B virus (TAHBV) infection continues to be a major problem despite mandatory screening for hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg). This is because HBsAg is not detected during the window period of the infection. This study was designed to assess the frequency of anti HBc antibody among HBsAg negative donor and also to determine the demographic profile of healthy blood donors.Material & Method: This cross sectional observational study was carried out in the Department of Transfusion Medicine, BSMMU, Dhaka during the period of May 2014 to April 2015. A total number of 100 consecutive healthy blood donors who were clinically and physically healthy and serologically found to be free from HBsAg, HCV and HIV by rapid chromographic test were included in this study.Results: Within the 100 patients among them history of jaundice was found in 17(17.0%). There all (100.0%) subjects had negative HBsAg and 14(14.0%) subjects had positive anti HBc-Ab. Anti HBc-Ab was statistically significant (p<0.001) in Z-test.Conclusion: This study was undertaken to assess the prevalence of anti HBc antibody among healthy blood donors with HBsAg negative in rapid chromatography method. The prevalence of anti HBc antibody was about 14 (14.0%) among 100 HBsAg negative blood donors. History of blood donation was found in almost two third 65 (65.0%). So, anti HBc antibody screening is an useful tool for estimating the risk of transfusion transmitted HBV infection.Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science Vol.15(1) 2016 p.66-69
The metabolic syndrome in normal weight Malay subjects
Authors: Al-Mahmood Abu Kholdun , Ismail A A , R Faridah A , Wan Bebakar Wan Mohamed , Tai E Shyong
Published: April 2016

Information regarding the prevalence of features of Metabolic Syndrome (MS) in Malaysia has not been previously reported. There are also difficulties in using Western cut-off criteria to define MS in this Asian population. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of features of MS in normal body weight normoglycemic Malay subjects. An additional aim was to determine the optimal waist circumference cut-off which best identified MS in this population. We used data from a cross-sectional study carried out in Malay descendants in Kota Bharu a city on east coast peninsular Malaysia. The prevalence of different features of MS was determined using the AHA/NHLBI and IDF criteria. The results showed that even after excluding subjects with diabetes mellitus, impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) or impaired fasting glucose (IFG), hypertension, a first degree relative with diabetes mellitus and obesity (BMI >25 kg/m2), the features of metabolic syndrome were still highly prevalent in this population. Furthermore, the features of the metabolic syndrome were associated with reduced insulin sensitivity in an additive manner. The metabolic syndrome is a biologically relevant construct for the identification of the insulin resistant individual in a Malaysian population.Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science Vol.15(1) 2016 p.123-128
Art Cinema and The Arbor: Tape-recorded Testimony, Film Art and Feminism
Authors: Johnson Beth
Published: April 2016

In this article I discuss the award-winning work of artist and film-maker Clio Barnard, specifically focusing on her 2010 docu-fiction film The Arbor. Analysing the verbatim techniques so central to the film (techniques that originated in theatre), this article suggests that Barnard's visual arts background inspired and informed her textual mixing of verbatim, lip-sync, re-enactment and digital imaging, the result of which is a radical and feminist art-film. Focusing on the site-specific location of The Arbor as well as the significance of emotional, textual and temporal layering, this article also suggests that while Barnard's work seeks, on the surface, to question the relationship between representation and the real in the genre of documentary, The Arbor also provokes and invites a radical reimagining of the hitherto male-dominated legacy of British art cinema by bringing the voices and visions of women, past and present, into the contemporary frame.
When Peter Met Sergei: Art Cinema Past, Present and Future inEisenstein in Guanajuato
Authors: Hoyle Brian
Published: April 2016

Peter Greenaway has established himself as one of British cinema's most distinctive film-makers. Yet he also remains one of its most controversial and problematic figures. In the 1980s and early1990s, alongside Derek Jarman, Greenaway came to embody British art cinema. He subsequently has taken on the paradoxical status of a major film-maker who simultaneously exists on the margins. He has also become a self-imposed exile who believes that his unique brand of art cinema is best appreciated on the continent. In effect, Greenaway has become British art cinema's prodigal son. This article focuses on Eisenstein in Guanajuato (2015), a semi-fictionalised account of the ten days that Eisenstein spent in the city of Guanajuato while filming the uncompleted Que Viva Mexico! The article argues that what makes Eisenstein in Guanajuato so resonant is the way in which Greenaway both celebrates cinema's past while also daring to suggest a possible future. Indeed, while this article will show that the film is part of a new phase in Greenaway's career which is devoted to biographical films about artists, Eisenstein in Guanajuato is no simple biopic of Eisenstein. Rather, it offers a complex fusion of both the Russian and British film-makers’ theories about the cinema, particularly their shared interest in film aspect ratios and the concept of the total art work. Furthermore, it stands as a superb illustration of Greenaway's vision of cinema as an interactive and encyclopaedic medium. As this is a co-production between the Netherlands, Belgium, France, Finland and Mexico, which featured no British investment and, at the time of writing, has yet to be shown in the UK, this article will also show that we require new ways of theorising art cinema not only in British but also in international contexts.
Recent Advances in the Analysis of Phenolic Compounds in Unifloral Honeys
Authors: Ciulu Marco , Spano Nadia , Pilo Maria , Sanna Gavino
Published: April 2016

Honey is one of the most renowned natural foods. Its composition is extremely variable, depending on its botanical and geographical origins, and the abundant presence of functional compounds has contributed to the increased worldwide interest is this foodstuff. In particular, great attention has been paid by the scientific community towards classes of compounds like phenolic compounds, due to their capability to act as markers of unifloral honey origin. In this contribution the most recent progress in the assessment of new analytical procedures aimed at the definition of the qualitative and quantitative profile of phenolic compounds of honey have been highlighted. A special emphasis has been placed on the innovative aspects concerning the extraction procedures, along with the most recent strategies proposed for the analysis of phenolic compounds. Moreover, the centrality of validation procedures has been claimed and extensively discussed in order to ensure the fitness-for-purpose of the proposed analytical methods. In addition, the exploitation of the phenolic profile as a tool for the classification of the botanical and geographical origin has been described, pointing out the usefulness of chemometrics in the interpretation of data sets originating from the analysis of polyphenols. Finally, recent results in concerning the evaluation of the antioxidant properties of unifloral honeys and the development of new analytical approaches aimed at measuring this parameter have been reviewed.
Navigating the Chemical Space of Multitarget-Directed Ligands: From Hybrids to Fragments in Alzheimer’s Disease
Authors: Prati Federica , Cavalli Andrea , Bolognesi Maria
Published: April 2016

Multitarget drug discovery is one of the hottest topics and most active fields in the search for new molecules against Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Over the last 20 years, many promising multitarget-directed ligands (MTDLs) have been identified and developed at a pre-clinical level. However, how to design them in a rational way remains the most fundamental challenge of medicinal chemists. This is related to the foundational question of achieving an optimized activity towards multiple targets of interest, while preserving drug-like properties. In this respect, large hybrid molecules and small fragments are poles apart. In this review article, our aim is to appraise what we have accomplished in the development of both hybrid- and fragment-like molecules directed to diverse AD targets (i.e., acetylcholinesterase, NMDA receptors, metal chelation, BACE-1 and GSK-3β). In addition, we attempt to highlight what are the persistent needs that deserve to be improved and cared for, with the ultimate goal of moving an MTDL to AD clinical studies.
Integration of Hyperspectral Shortwave and Longwave Infrared Remote-Sensing Data for Mineral Mapping of Makhtesh Ramon in Israel
Authors: Notesco Gila , Ogen Yaron , Ben-Dor Eyal
Published: April 2016

Hyperspectral remote-sensing in the reflected infrared and thermal infrared regions offers a unique and efficient alternative for mineral mapping, as most minerals exhibit spectral features in these regions, mainly in the shortwave and longwave infrared. Airborne hyperspectral data in both spectral regions, acquired with the AisaFENIX and AisaOWL (Specim) sensors over Makhtesh Ramon in Israel, were analyzed. Calculating the reflectance and emissivity spectra of each pixel in the shortwave infrared and longwave infrared region images, respectively, and determining mineral indices enabled identifying the dominant minerals in this area—kaolinite, calcite, dolomite, quartz, feldspars and gypsum—and mapping their spatial distribution in the surface. The benefit of using hyperspectral data from both reflected infrared and thermal infrared regions to improve mineral identification was demonstrated.
Geiger-Mode Avalanche Photodiode Arrays Integrated to All-Digital CMOS Circuits
Authors: Aull Brian
Published: April 2016

This article reviews MIT Lincoln Laboratory's work over the past 20 years to develop photon-sensitive image sensors based on arrays of silicon Geiger-mode avalanche photodiodes. Integration of these detectors to all-digital CMOS readout circuits enable exquisitely sensitive solid-state imagers for lidar, wavefront sensing, and passive imaging.
Managing Water and Soils to Achieve Adaptation and Reduce Methane Emissions and Arsenic Contamination in Asian Rice Production
Authors: Wichelns Dennis
Published: April 2016

Rice production is susceptible to damage from the changes in temperature and rainfall patterns, and in the frequency of major storm events that will accompany climate change. Deltaic areas, in which millions of farmers cultivate from one to three crops of rice per year, are susceptible also to the impacts of a rising sea level, submergence during major storm events, and saline intrusion into groundwater and surface water resources. In this paper, I review the current state of knowledge regarding the potential impacts of climate change on rice production and I describe adaptation measures that involve soil and water management. In many areas, farmers will need to modify crop choices, crop calendars, and soil and water management practices as they adapt to climate change. Adaptation measures at the local, regional, and international levels also will be helpful in moderating the potential impacts of climate change on aggregate rice production and on household food security in many countries. Some of the changes in soil and water management and other production practices that will be implemented in response to climate change also will reduce methane generation and release from rice fields. Some of the measures also will reduce the uptake of arsenic in rice plants, thus addressing an important public health issue in portions of South and Southeast Asia. Where feasible, replacing continuously flooded rice production with some form of aerobic rice production, will contribute to achieving adaptation objectives, while also reducing global warming potential and minimizing the risk of negative health impacts due to consumption of arsenic contaminated rice.
Le site du Limon-Raspail à Bédoin dans le Vaucluse et le Néolithique final de moyenne vallée du Rhône
Authors: Cauliez Jessie , Blaise Émilie , Bressy Céline , Convertini Fabien , Gilabert Christophe , Hamon Caroline , Lazard Nathalie , Negroni Sabine , Ollivier Vincent , Pellissier Muriel , Pétrequin Pierre , Piatscheck Clara , Provenzano Noëlle , Renault Stéphane
Published: April 2016

À Bédoin dans le Vaucluse, la fouille de sauvetage urgent du Limon-Raspail dirigée par J. Cauliez en 2005 a livré, sur une surface de 250 m2, une trentaine d’aménagements creusés révélant l’existence d’un habitat relativement bien préservé et implanté en position privilégiée à près de 350 m d’altitude. Le site est daté du Néolithique final, entre 2880 et 2580 av. J.-C. Cette trentaine de structures en creux offre la vision d’une zone d’activités, là où se concentrent des foyers et des aménagements liés à la conservation, tous réutilisés comme dépotoirs. Voisin de sites éponymes à l’origine de l’identification de trois des quatre principales cultures du Néolithique final du sud-est de la France – les groupes Rhône-Ouvèze, de Fraischamp et du Nord-Vaucluse –, le gisement du Limon-Raspail ne s’accorde pas, sur le plan chronoculturel, avec l’un ou l’autre de ces ensembles. L’originalité du site peut s’expliquer par sa localisation dans une zone tampon. Il est à la limite nord des aires d’extension reconnues pour les groupes provençaux. Il s’inscrit également dans des flux de circulations alimentés par le Piémont italien ; il pourrait être enfin en liaison avec des groupes de régions plus septentrionales, tels que ceux de l’axe Saône-Rhône, dont les influences seraient perceptibles, au Néolithique final, jusque dans la moyenne vallée du Rhône.
Selection and assessment of the relevant data for reducing the number of red-light running
Authors: Vujanić Milan , Pešić Dalibor , Antić Boris , Marković Nenad
Published: April 2016

Although traffic light controlled intersections separate, the traffic flows by time and space, road traffic accidents still occur, usually due to Red-Light Running (RLR). In order to define countermeasures to solve this problem, it is necessary to collect and analyze certain data that will indicate type of measures, which should be applied. In this paper, it was done on the example of one 3-leg and one 4-leg intersection where citizens provided information about frequent RLR to the City Administration of Belgrade (Serbia). The statistical significance of differences between the collected data was tested by ANOVA analysis and by PostHoc Tukey test, which showed that forecasting of second of RLR after red-light onset could effectively be conducted by Cubic distribution. In order to define the so-called RLR risk indicator for the intersection, the use of the Danger Degree (DD) indicator, that presents the rate between the number of dangerous situations caused by RLR and the total number of RLR, was proposed.
FIRST DETECTION OF GALACTIC LATITUDE DEPENDENCE OF NEAR-INFRARED DIFFUSE GALACTIC LIGHT FROM DIRBE RENALYSIS
Authors: Sano K. , Matsuura S. , Tsumura K. , Arai T. , Shirahata M. , Onishi Y.
Published: April 2016

Observational study on near-infrared (IR) scattering properties of interstellar dust grains has been limited due to its faintness. Using all-sky maps obtained from the Diffuse Infrared Background Experiment, we investigate the scattering property from diffuse Galactic light (DGL) measurements at 1.25, 2.2, and

3.5

μ
m

, in addition to our recent analyses of diffuse near-IR emission. As a result, we first find that the intensity ratios of near-IR DGL to

100

μ
m

emission increase toward low Galactic latitudes at 1.25 and

2.2

μ
m

. The derived latitude dependence can be reproduced by a scattered light model of interstellar dust with a large scattering asymmetry factor

g
≡
〈
cos
θ
〉

of

0.8

−
0.3

+
0.2

at 1.25 and

2.2

μ
m

, assuming an infinite Galaxy disk as an illuminating source. The derived asymmetry factor is comparable to the values obtained in the optical, but several times larger than that expected from a recent dust model. Since a possible latitude dependence of ultraviolet-excited dust emission at 1.25 and

2.2

μ
m

would reduce the large asymmetry factor to the reasonable value, our result may indicate the first detection of such an additional emission component in the diffuse interstellar medium.
COLLISION-INDUCED MAGNETIC RECONNECTION AND A UNIFIED INTERPRETATION OF POLARIZATION PROPERTIES OF GRBs AND BLAZARS
Authors: Deng (邓巍) Wei , Zhang (张昊成) Haocheng , Zhang (张冰) Bing , Li (李晖) Hui
Published: April 2016

The jet composition and energy dissipation mechanism of gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) and blazars are fundamental questions that remain not fully understood. One plausible model is to interpret the γ-ray emission of GRBs and optical emission of blazars as synchrotron radiation of electrons accelerated from the collision-induced magnetic dissipation regions in Poynting-flux-dominated jets. The polarization observation is an important and independent information to test this model. Based on our recent 3D relativistic MHD simulations of collision-induced magnetic dissipation of magnetically dominated blobs, here we perform calculations of the polarization properties of the emission in the dissipation region and apply the results to model the polarization observational data of GRB prompt emission and blazar optical emission. We show that the same numerical model with different input parameters can reproduce well the observational data of both GRBs and blazars, especially the 90° polarization angle (PA) change in GRB 100826A and the 180° PA swing in blazar 3C279. This supports a unified model for GRB and blazar jets, suggesting that collision-induced magnetic reconnection is a common physical mechanism to power the relativistic jet emission from events with very different black hole masses.
DYNAMICS OF TURBULENT CONVECTION AND CONVECTIVE OVERSHOOT IN A MODERATE-MASS STAR
Authors: Kitiashvili I. N. , Kosovichev A. G. , Mansour N. N. , Wray A. A.
Published: April 2016

We present results of realistic three-dimensional (3D) radiative hydrodynamic simulations of the outer layers of a moderate-mass star (1.47 M
⊙), including the full convection zone, the overshoot region, and the top layers of the radiative zone. The simulation results show that the surface granulation has a broad range of scales, from 2 to 12 Mm, and that large granules are organized in well-defined clusters, consisting of several granules. Comparison of the mean structure profiles from 3D simulations with the corresponding one-dimensional (1D) standard stellar model shows an increase of the stellar radius by ∼800 km, as well as significant changes in the thermodynamic structure and turbulent properties of the ionization zones. Convective downdrafts in the intergranular lanes between granulation clusters reach speeds of more than 20 km s−1, penetrate through the whole convection zone, hit the radiative zone, and form an 8 Mm thick overshoot layer. Contrary to semi-empirical overshooting models, our results show that the 3D dynamic overshoot region consists of two layers: a nearly adiabatic extension of the convection zone and a deeper layer of enhanced subadiabatic stratification. This layer is formed because of heating caused by the braking of the overshooting convective plumes. This effect has to be taken into account in stellar modeling and the interpretation of asteroseismology data. In particular, we demonstrate that the deviations of the mean structure of the 3D model from the 1D standard model of the same mass and composition are qualitatively similar to the deviations for the Sun found by helioseismology.
SHORT GAMMA-RAY BURSTS FROM THE MERGER OF TWO BLACK HOLES
Authors: Perna Rosalba , Lazzati Davide , Giacomazzo Bruno
Published: April 2016

Short gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) are explosions of cosmic origins believed to be associated with the merger of two compact objects, either two neutron stars or a neutron star and a black hole (BH). The presence of at least one neutron star has long been thought to be an essential element of the model: its tidal disruption provides the needed baryonic material whose rapid accretion onto the post-merger BH powers the burst. The recent tentative detection by the Fermi satellite of a short GRB in association with the gravitational wave signal GW150914 produced by the merger of two BHs has challenged this standard paradigm. Here, we show that the evolution of two high-mass, low-metallicity stars with main-sequence rotational speeds a few tens of percent of the critical speed eventually undergoing a weak supernova explosion can produce a short GRB. The outer layers of the envelope of the last exploding star remain bound and circularize at large radii. With time, the disk cools and becomes neutral, suppressing the magnetorotational instability, and hence the viscosity. The disk remains “long-lived dead” until tidal torques and shocks during the pre-merger phase heat it up and re-ignite accretion, rapidly consuming the disk and powering the short GRB.
Learning GIS in Architecture
Authors: Garcia-Almirall Pilar , Domínguez Ernest Redondo , Dalmau Francesc Valls
Published: April 2016

The introduction of Information and Communication Technology tools in the architectural practice can be challenging. This chapter discusses an educational approach to teach Geographic Information Systems to architecture students in the Barcelona School of Architecture. The methodology uses a combination of theory lectures, worked-out examples with faded guidance using a real-world case of study, and self-directed discovery in a project-based learning activity. The results of pre-course and post-course surveys are also discussed to illustrate the workflow of students when using spatial data, their perception on using GIS applications, and their impressions regarding the development the course. Finally, the possible reasons for the limited adoption of these tools in the architectural field are also discussed.
What We Know and Do Not Know About Mobile App Usage and Stickiness
Authors: Furner Christopher P. , Racherla Pradeep , Babb Jeffrey S.
Published: April 2016

Mobile applications (apps) have transformed the way firms and consumers communicate with each other, and have now become integral to firms' marketing strategies. However, in a marketplace characterized by myriad choices, one of the biggest challenges that Marketers face is to foster continued and frequent use, or stickiness. This brings forth two important questions: what factors affect consumers' decision to use and “stick” to apps? What are the key outcomes of stickiness for both consumers and firms? This study maps the conceptual and research issues underlying consumers' decision journey and outcomes with respect to mobile app use. We build a framework based on the central tenets of interactivity combined with the insights gleaned from a survey of interdisciplinary literature. We discuss the implications for research and practice in this emerging area of interest.
Designing and Implementing E-Government Projects in India
Authors: Virkar Shefali
Published: April 2016

The recent, rapid global proliferation of the new Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs) has sparked an explosive increase in an already steadily-growing stream of scholarly and practitioner literature on the applicative potential of e-government initiatives for development. Attracted by the potential intrinsic to these innovative digital technologies, platforms, and applications, political actors across the world have adopted computer-based network-systems for strategic use in government; as a means of reforming inefficiencies in public administration, and in public service provision. This research chapter, through the delineation of an electronic property tax collection system, deployed in Bangalore, India, analyses and unravels the strategic actor interactions shaping similar e-government initiatives, globally; predominantly, through a detailed scholarly examination of prevailing actor behaviours, motivations, and interactions. The research presented herein considers, thus, not only the interplay of local contingencies and external influences acting upon the project, but also the disjunctions apparent within these relationships which inhibit the effective exploitation of ICTs in the given context.
Geospatial Technology Curriculum Development
Authors: Bryant Lara M. P.
Published: April 2016

The final project for students enrolled in Geospatial Technologies for the K-12 Classroom (GEOG 321) is the development of a lesson for their future classroom. An obstacle to implementing geospatial technologies in public classrooms is lack of relevant curriculum and data. After reviewing the limited existing curriculum, students design age-appropriate lessons for possible publication on the New Hampshire Geographic Alliance website. The objectives for this final project were: 1) students will determine age-appropriate skills that utilize geospatial technologies to support instruction in their intended discipline, 2) students will demonstrate the appropriate skills needed to design feasible lessons for the K-12 classroom, 3) students can integrate geospatial technology skills into a variety of disciplines and age levels, and 4) students can employ the geographic inquiry method in their lessons. Students presented their lessons to peers and outside reviewers to receive feedback. The students had the option to submit their lessons to the New Hampshire Geographic Alliance for pilot testing and dissemination to help fill the need for relevant curriculum and data.
Digital Tools for Urban and Architectural Heritage
Authors: Cigola Michela
Published: April 2016

The aim of this chapter is focusing on experiences that combine an analysis on territorial, urban and architectural scale with computerized techniques of representation. These experiments (conducted in PRIN 2006 and 2008 national researches) had as focus the use and development of information systems to test their efficiency as an aid to analysis and survey of the Cultural Heritage, specially Urban and Architectural Heritage. Particularly, the aim of this chapter is focusing on experiences that combine an analysis on territorial, urban and architectural scale with computerized techniques of representation.
Cloud Computing Location-Based Services for Quality Health Care Services Delivery
Authors: Akaichi Jalel
Published: April 2016

This chapter proposes a cloud computing location-based services system able to query points of interest, according to mobile users' preferences and contexts, under dynamic changes of locations. The contribution consists of providing software as a service based on Delaunay Triangulation on road (DTr) able to establish the Continuous k-Nearest Neighbors (CkNNs) on road, while taking into account the dynamic changes of locations from which queries, enhanced by users' preferences and contexts, are issued. The proposed software, implemented on a mobile cloud and exploited by mobile physicians for healthcare institutions localization and selection, considerably improves the quality of services provided for patients in critical situations by permitting real time localization of adequate resources that may contribute to save patients' lives.
Online Flood Information System
Authors: Chen Xiannian , Ye Xinyue , Carroll Michael C. , Li Yingru
Published: April 2016

This chapter implements a cyber-platform which visualizes and analyzes spatial patterns of flooding with a user-oriented spatial intelligence. The chapter is organized from three perspectives: first, why representation and modeling of flooding data set is vital; second, how the design of flooding analysis involves spatial intelligence; third, why flooding analysis should be integrated into Cyber-infrastructure. The flood is one of the most common and devastative disasters. Flood disasters bring huge damages to the affected communities and beyond. Hence, a fast and effective flood information inquiry system is critical to reduce the loss. REST-based Web Service illustrates its great advantages in web map re-rendering, attribute information retrieving, and advanced GIS functions. This research introduces how to use REST-based Web Service to build a user-friendly online flood information inquiry system.
Aggregating GIS and MCDM to Optimize Wave Energy Converters Location in Tasmania, Australia
Authors: Le Phuc , Fischer Andrew , Penesis Irene , Rahimi Rahman
Published: April 2016

The aim of this chapter is to develop a framework to guide Wave Energy Converters (WECs) sites using the coastal waters of Tasmania as a case study. This chapter proposes a combined two-stage Multi-Criteria Decision Making (MCDM) methodology to determine suitable locations for WECs siting with overlapping and minimal conflicting uses. A methodology combining MCDM and Geographic Information Systems (GIS) was developed combining the Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution (TOPSIS) and the Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP). Priority rankings for each of the human uses and ocean features were prioritized using AHP and were then applied to TOPSIS analyses. A chain of optimal locations were determined, stretching from the southwest to southeast coast of Tasmania, where presently low densities of human activities overlap with high wave height. The result shows that suitable areas for harnessing WECs may not always be located in the highest wave energy areas.
Basics for Hydraulic Modelling of Flood Runoff Using Advanced Hydroinformatic Tools
Authors: David Ioan , Beilicci Erika , Beilicci Robert
Published: April 2016

The first part of the chapter presents general and specific issues concerning the use of hydroinformatic tools in hydraulic modeling as important step in decision-making activities in extreme situations such as floods. The special importance of these issues is the fact that currently cannot conceive a project related to water management without the use of computer modeling / simulation. It is shortly presented the usual simplified schematizations of real flow systems which are applied usually for flood modeling: one-dimensional (1D), two-dimensional (2D) or her combination. Based on the general principles of continuum mechanics the fundamental equations of hydrodynamics are deducted which stay on base of the river modeling. For the 1D schemes discussed the particular forms of the basic equations. To illustrate the above explanations in the next section modeling applications for several representative case studies will be presented using three known hydrodynamic/ hydrological modeling packages, namely DUFLOW, HEC-RAS, MIKE-11.
Using the Retrospective Approach to Commemorate AutoCarto Six
Authors: Wellar Barry
Published: April 2016

This chapter outlines the bases for using a retrospective approach to re-visit papers published 30 years ago (1983) in the proceedings of the Sixth International Symposium on Automated Cartography. “AutoCarto Six”, as it is popularly known, is credited with making numerous, significant contributions to the evolution of automated cartography, geographic information systems (GIS), and a number of related fields. In these remarks I discuss how comments by authors on such topics as Thoughts shaping the design of the papers, Derivative attributions, Original contributions, Impacts, What was new in the papers?, and What was different in the papers? represent an innovative, insightful and instructive way to commemorate conference proceedings and other significant productions.