bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Intelligent Radiometric Calibration System for Ocean Color Satellite Sensors
Authors: Hu Shixian , Chen Shuguo , Wang Junwei , Li Sicong , Hu Lianbo
Published: September 2024

To achieve the integration of multiple ocean color (OC) sensors’ radiometric calibration tasks into a single system, we have developed an intelligent on-orbit radiometric calibration system called the Generalized Radiometric Calibration Entity for Ocean Color (Grace-OC). The system features real-time data downloading capabilities and integrates three calibration methods: onboard calibration, system vicarious calibration and cross calibration, enabling intelligent selection of on-orbit radiometric calibration methods tailored to the calibration sensors. Compared to other calibration systems, we have improved the universality and efficiency of the system by establishing high-spectral aerosols and Rayleigh lookup tables (LUTs) which are verified consistency through a comparative analysis with operational LUTs releasing by National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) in this paper. Building upon this foundation, we have integrated a comprehensive analysis function for calibration coefficients to automatically construct degradation models of the radiometric measurement performance, and to achieve mutual verification between different calibration methods. We applied Grace-OC to HY1C/D and verified the feasibility of the intelligent selection calibration methods and the stability of the calibration system, achieving a calibration accuracy of up to 0.5%. Simultaneously, the precision of degradation models of the radiometric measurement performance is confirmed through Grace-OC, and the on-orbit radiometric calibration task was ultimately completed within 6 minutes for each per scene. Based on the above applications, Grace-OC has demonstrated its universality for various OC sensors, as well as the stability of on-orbit radiometric calibration tasks and the efficiency of operational speed.
Anomaly Detection Based on Temporal Convolutional Networks in Smart Grid
Authors: Guo Chun , Huang Feng , Luo Zhirong , Huang Zixin , Huang Keng
Published: September 2024

Abnormal power consumption detection is an important means to detect power emergencies in time. It can effectively reduce power loss and residential losses due to electrical failures. This paper presents an anomaly detection method based on temporal convolutional networks and statistics. The predicted power consumption results of subsequent periods are compared with the actual results, and statistical methods are used to determine whether abnormal power consumption exists. If an abnormal result occurs, the system will issue a warning, search the fault location in the database established by the user, and determine the initial fault type. Simulation results show that this method can effectively detect abnormal power consumption.
Wind power prediction method based on Attention-LSTM
Authors: Zhao Xiangyu , Yin Changyong , Zhang Bin , Zhang Qiang , Wang Chao
Published: September 2024

Under the background of realizing the goal of “double carbon”, precise short-term wind power prediction can offer a scientific foundation for the effective integration of wind energy into the grid and the secure and steady functioning of the electricity system. However, the unpredictability of weather conditions causes wind power to be volatile, which makes prediction more difficult. Aiming at this problem, a short-term wind power prediction technique that combines LSTM neural network and attention is suggested, which can make the predictive model more effective in processing the inputs of relevant influencing factors. The outcomes demonstrate the higher accuracy of the Attention-LSTM prediction method., with the mean value of RSME of 6.12, the mean value of MAE of 4.51, and the mean value of MAPE of 18%, when the prediction model is trained with real data.
Operating state identification of hybrid power system based on back propagation neural network
Authors: Wang Jiaqi , Jin Jianxin , Hu Boyong , Han Feng , He Yusheng , Li Enzhang
Published: September 2024

This paper presents a system state identification method based on back propagation (BP) neural network. First, the working modes of the hybrid power system are given. Besides, the method of normalizing training parameters is provided to facilitate the training of neural network. Then, a neural network method is applied to state identification of hybrid power system. Finally, the weights and thresholds of the structure are obtained by the normalized training parameters, and the test results indicate that the trained neural network structure satisfies the system identification requirements.
Influence of the edge effect of the solenoid magnetic field on the discharge process of magnetron sputtering in long and narrow chambers
Authors: Wang Pengcheng , Zhu Bangle , Liu Jiaming , Wang Yigang , Sun Xiaoyang , Liu Shunming , Tan Biao , Huang Tao , Dong Haiyi , Wang Sihui , Wang Yong
Published: September 2024

The fourth-generation light source or future particle
accelerators have compact vacuum systems, resulting in a small flow
conductance of the beam chamber. The development of NEG
(Non-Evaporable Getters) films technology with distributed pumping
is a good solution. This technology can obtain a pressure
distribution with a small pressure gradient and an ultra-high vacuum
of 10-8 Pa inside the vacuum chambers. In the magnetron
sputtering process for NEG coating, the inhomogeneity of the
magnetic field at the edge of the solenoid is a key parameter for
affecting the stability of the magnetron sputtering discharge
process. The influence mechanism of the edge magnetic field on the
plasma discharge process and discharge uniformity was studied to
optimize the coating parameters, which is very important. The
Particle-In-Cell/Monte Carlo Collision (PIC/MCC) method was employed
to simulate plasma discharge in a narrow vacuum chamber under
various edge magnetic field conditions. The potential distribution,
charged particle density distribution, and particle density
distribution on the target were acquired for four sets of discharge
parameters, followed by data processing and analysis. The electric
field distribution during the discharge process is closely linked to
the non-uniformity of the magnetic field at the solenoid's edge. The
smaller Br (the radial component of the magnetic field) component of
the magnetic field, the more uniform distribution of Ar+ on the
target surface, and the smaller the difference along the length of
the vacuum chamber. A smaller radial component (Br) of the magnetic
field results in a more uniform distribution of Ar+ on the
target surface and reduces variations in film thickness along the
length of the vacuum chamber. This is attributed to the small
distance between the inner wall of the vacuum chamber and the
cathode target. The change in the edge magnetic field will result in
the rapid migration of electrons to the inner wall of the vacuum
chamber and insufficient collision with the discharge gas, making it
challenging to sustain the discharge process. Moreover, fluctuations
in the edge magnetic field of the solenoid induce gradient drift and
curvature drift in charged particles, resulting in rapid electron
loss and alterations in the density and potential distribution of
charged particles at the ends of the vacuum chamber, ultimately
leading to discharge instability. The research results show the
importance of the edge magnetic field effect on the magnetron
sputtering coating of the slender vacuum chambers, which provides an
important reference for the segmented coating process of similar
vacuum chambers in future accelerators.
Training neural networks with structured noise improves classification and generalization
Authors: Benedetti Marco , Ventura Enrico
Published: September 2024

The beneficial role of noise-injection in learning is a consolidated concept in the field of artificial neural networks, suggesting that even biological systems might take advantage of similar mechanisms to optimize their performance. The training-with-noise (TWN) algorithm proposed by Gardner and collaborators is an emblematic example of a noise-injection procedure in recurrent networks, which can be used to model biological neural systems. We show how adding structure to noisy training data can substantially improve the algorithm performance, allowing the network to approach perfect retrieval of the memories and wide basins of attraction, even in the scenario of maximal injected noise. We also prove that the so-called Hebbian Unlearning rule coincides with the TWN algorithm when noise is maximal and data are stable fixed points of the network dynamics.
Reduced form of statistical equilibrium equations and radiative transfer equations
Authors: Chichinin A I
Published: September 2024

An extension of the vector algebra for irreducible spherical tensor operators (ITOs) is proposed, which involves coupling two ITOs into a third one (

V

(

k
v

)

=

T

(

k
t

)

⊗

U

(

k
u

)
∗

), with the additional condition that one of the operators is a complex conjugate and therefore is not an ITO. The correctness condition is considered for this extension. The new coupling rule treats the density matrices

ρ

(

K
l

)

and all tensors related to light polarization (

J

(

K
r

)

or

T

(
K
)

) equally. This approach has been applied to rewrite the fundamental statistical equilibrium equations and radiation transfer equations relevant to astrophysical polarimetry. The revised equations are more concise and eliminate the need for the nj symbols. Instead, they utilize vector and scalar products of ITOs. All rate coefficients in the equations consist of two independent factors, the reduced matrix element from dipole moments and the product (vector or scalar) of the tensors

ρ

(

K
l

)

and

J

(

K
r

)

(or

T

(
K
)

).
Exploring exhaled breath volatile organic compounds in occupational asthma: a pilot cross-sectional study
Authors: Heiro Hilde , Hildre Tonje Trulssen , Craster Amy , Grimmett Liam , Tardelli Matteo , Hammarström Bato
Published: September 2024

Occupational asthma (OA) is divided into allergic asthma and irritant-induced asthma (IIA). IIA can be divided further into three different phenotypic subtypes. Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in exhaled breath can reflect metabolic changes in the body, and a wide range of them have been associated with various diseases in the last two decades. This is the first known study to explore breath VOCs in subjects with OA, aimed to identify potential biomarkers to distinguish OA from healthy controls, as well as between different OA subgroups. In a cross-sectional investigation, exhaled breath from 40 patients with OA and 45 respiratory healthy healthcare workers were collected with ReCIVA® breath sampler. Samples were analyzed through an untargeted approach using thermal desorption-gas chromatography mass spectrometry, and VOCs were identified according to tier classification. The data underwent analysis using both non-parametric and parametric statistical methods. 536 VOCs were identified. Significance (p < 0.05) was observed in several emitted VOCs. Among these, compounds such as 1-hexadecanol, 2,3-butanediol, phenol, xylene, acetone, 3-methylhexane, methylcyclohexane, and isoprene have biological implications or are associated with exposures linked to OA. These VOCs may reflect metabolic changes in the body and the microbiome, as well as external exposures due to occupation. In particular, 1-hexadecanol, 2,3-butanediol, phenol and xylene are associated with reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide and production of reactive oxygen species, mechanisms that can be linked to asthmatic diseases and therefore suggests its potential as biomarkers. This study demonstrates that VOCs detected in exhaled breath could serve as indicators of occupational exposure and enhance diagnostic accuracy for asthma.
Mapping spatial analysis of fish disease incidence and antibiotic resistance trends in selected provinces of Indonesia
Authors: Wiratama N , Uchuwittayakul A , Susanto Y , Utari H B , Muna N , Satriagasa M C
Published: September 2024

Monitoring and visiting farmers affected by fish mortality is imperative. It offers insights into fish disease mapping and the trend of antibiotic resistance, serving as a fundamental for future strategies for preventing and treating fish diseases. The data collection was carried out by visiting farmers who suffered from fish mortality in 2022 in East Java, South Kalimantan, and Bali provinces. A total of 128 samples of infected fish were collected and analyzed using PCR and standard microbiological methods, and the findings were analyzed using spatial analysis and visual interpretation. Based on PCR results, the prevalence of fish diseases showed 65% iridovirus cases in gourami and tilapia, 31% in tilapia was TiLV, and 4% were Francisella sp. infection in tilapia. According to the results of microbiological tests, 86% of Edwardsiella tarda samples in pangasius were resistant to Oxytetracycline. Aeromonas sp. infection was the highest case in catfish, 58% were sensitive to Sulfamethoxazole. Streptococcosis was a typical tilapia disease that was 62% susceptible to Enrofloxacine and Sulfamethoxazole. Cases of Nocardia sp. and Staphylococcus sp. infection in gourami were found to be 71% intermediate to Enrofloxacine and Oxytetracycline, respectively.
The influence of different stocking density on growth rate and survival rate koi larvae (Cyprinus carpio)
Authors: Azizah D , Dewi N N , Amin M , Fauzan A L
Published: September 2024

Stocking density has an important role in the survival and growth of fish larvae. The purpose of this study was to determine the optimal stocking density level for larval rearing with improved feed. Tubifex sp. which has a high protein content of about 57% and fat as much as 13%. The method used was the experimental method with a completely randomized design (CRD) on 4 different treatments of stocking density with 3 replications. The treatments given were P0/Control (1 individual/L), P1 (2 individuals/L), P2 (3 individuals/L), and P3 (4 individuals/L) maintained for 49 days. The results obtained during the study were the growth rate values of P0 (0.021 gram/day), P1 (0.017 gram/day), P2 (0.016 gram/day), and P3 (0.017 gram/day). The survival rates are P0 (90.00%), P1 (91.00%), P2 (90.33%), and P3 (87.50%). Absolute length values P0 (1.94cm ), P1 (1.70cm ), P2 (1.70cm), and P3 (1.77 cm) The quality of the water obtained is that the temperature ranges from 26–29, the pH is 6.8–8.1, and the DO is 5–6. The results showed that different stocking densities had no significant effect (p > 0.05) on the survival and growth rate of koi fish.
The antibacterial activity test of salt gel face mask with chitosan extract against propionibacterium acnes and staphylococcus aureus bacteria as antiacne preparations
Authors: Febriyanti M D , Alamsjah M A , Saputra E
Published: September 2024

Salt is a collection of chemical compounds with the main content in the form of NaCl. The mineral content in salt provides health functions for the body, one of which is acne. Salt gel face mask with chitosan extract has the potential to be used as an antibacterial (antiacne) preparation. The purpose of this study was to determine the effective antibacterial activity and concentration of salt used as an antiacne preparation against Propionibacterium acnes and Staphylococcus aureus bacteria in salt gel face masks. The research method used was a laboratory scale experimental method with a completely randomized design (CRD) consisting of 5 treatments and 4 repetitions. The treatment consists of a gel face mask with the addition of a salt concentration of 0%, 10%, 15%, 20% and 25%. The main parameters of this study were antibacterial activity, while the supporting parameters included pH, homogeneity, viscosity, organoleptic and SEM-EDX analysis. The results showed that the addition of different salt concentrations to the salt gel face mask had an effect on the antibacterial activity of the salt gel face mask. The best formulation is in the F4 treatment with a salt concentration of 25%.
The effect of different salt concentrations on the physical properties of preparations gel face scrub gracilaria sp.
Authors: Mutiara L , Alamsjah M A , Saputra E
Published: September 2024

Human skin is often exposed to sunlight and pollution so it looks dull and lacks shine. This causes a buildup of dead skin cells so it is necessary to exfoliate using a Scrub. The Scrub material that can be used is salt. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of adding salt concentration on the physical properties of the face Scrub gel preparation Gracilaria sp. The method used in this study was a completely randomized design (CRD) experiment with four treatments and five replications. The treatment used was administration with different salt concentrations, namely P0 (0%), P1 (10%), P2 (20%) and P3 (30%). The main parameters observed were the physical properties of the facial Scrub gel preparation which included pH test, homogeneity test, viscosity test, organoleptic test, specific gravity test. While the supporting parameters are irritation test and SEM-EDX test. The results showed that the administration of different salt concentrations had a significant effect on the physical properties of the facial Scrub gel preparation. The best formulation was in the P2 treatment (20% salt).
First Record of the invasive Banded jewel cichlid Hemichromis elongatus (Guichenot, 1861) (Teleostei: Cichlidae) on Bangka Island, Indonesia
Authors: Insani L , Jatayu D. , Valen F S , Hasan V
Published: September 2024

The introduction of non-native species into an ecosystem has been found to have a notable detrimental effect on the environment. Hemichromis elongatus, in particular, is recognized as one of the more problematic invasive species. In fact, Hemichromis elongatus introductions are linked to human activities, primarily associated with the aquarium trade. This study examines the presence of Hemichromis elongatus on Bangka Island, where it was inadvertently introduced into the aquatic environment by the indigenous population. During the field trip that we undertook between the months of August and September 2023, in the Jebus River, West Bangka Regency, we discovered at least one hundred live specimens of Hemichromis elongatus in a single round of sampling using the fish trap. This is a significant number that represents a significant level of invasion. However, invasive alien species are most harmful to freshwater ecosystems, which are prone to biodiversity loss. Due to this fact, it is strongly advised that the foreign fish and the effect they have on the ecology be continuously monitored.
Management of the frozen cunning fish (Caesio cunning) meatball products in UD. Family Food Gresik
Authors: Audrynachristie B S , Puteri D C H , Purbaningrum Y T T , Diyah  , Samara S H
Published: September 2024

Frozen food is the result of food processing using a method of lowering the temperature to freezing point which aims to extend the shelf life of food products. Initially, frozen food products were created for someone who was unable, unwilling, or had no time to prepare food for themselves, but people’s lifestyles have changed from conventional to modern. The aimed of this research was to find out the Personal Hygiene of workers in the cunning fish (Caesio cuning) meatball production and identification of its dangers at UD. Family Food Gresik. The work method used is a descriptive method by collecting primary and secondary data. Primary data was obtained by active participation, observation and interviews. Meanwhile, secondary data was obtained through library research and other supporting data/information/information. Process of processing fish meatballs at UD. Family Food overall was in compliance. Every stage of processing had implemented Personal Hygiene for its workers, and identified the dangers in each processing process quite well.
Study of energy consumption improvement for electric vehicles in platoon driving
Authors: Constantin C , Rențea C , Bățăuș M , Frătilă G
Published: September 2024

It is known that platoon driving has a large impact on fuel economy for conventional vehicles and using current available technologies, could be implemented especially on highway driving. Since the transition to electric vehicles is in progress, it is important to evaluate its applicability to this type of vehicles which have different characteristics than conventional ones equipped with an internal combustion engine. This paper aims to investigate the energy consumption improvement for a platoon of up to 7 electric passenger vehicles using a validated detailed model created in LMS Imagine. Lab AMESim, an industrial modelling and simulation environment. The energy consumption of individual vehicles and also the platoon’s will be calculated for several stabilized speeds and also on a standardized high-speed cycle (HWFET). The analysis will show how the special characteristics of an electric vehicle (lower drag coefficient, increased mass, regenerative braking, etc.) have an influence on the vehicle’s energy consumption when driving in a platoon. This will allow us to also evaluate the platoon driving efficacity in increasing the vehicle’s driving range.
Comparative study on rolling resistance force in tire-ice interaction with a variation of tread rubber compound
Authors: Shenvi M N , Sandu C
Published: September 2024

The complex phenomenon involved in the tire-ice interaction can be better understood by studying the tire and ice properties. A significant force at the contact patch is the rolling resistance force. To study the effect of tire characteristics on rolling resistance forces, data collected from a free-rolling tire can be used as there is no tractive or braking torque applied to the wheel and thus the data representing the longitudinal forces is only related to resistive forces viz. friction and rolling resistance force. Although a lot of research and literature has been developed for tire-ice interaction over the years, there is a significant lack of work in the subsection of free-rolling tires specifically to study the effect of ice parameters on rolling resistance forces. To fulfill the aim of this study, several sets of experiments for 16 winter tires of 8 different rubber compounds in free-rolling conditions were conducted. The experimental data was compared with predictions of 4 well-known formulations from the literature. Based on the findings and the relative error between the predicted and measured values, it was proposed that the high error percentage could be due to the variation in the viscoelastic properties of the tread rubber. The longitudinal force generated during those tests would thus be a combination of frictional forces due to adhesion between the tread rubber and its viscoelastic nature in addition to the contribution from the remaining sections of the tire. The data collected from the experiments and results from implementing the existing models to obtain frictional force will further help in analyzing the relation between the rolling resistance force with variation in normal load, inflation pressure, and change in camber angle once a generic formulation considering the rubber compound effects is incorporated. Another significant finding of this work is that formulations in literature used for finding the rolling resistance coefficient of radial passenger car tires were found to highly underestimate the coefficient when compared to the equivalent coefficient of friction found from experimental results. The future scope may include the development of a model which will incorporate the viscoelastic properties, especially the loss moduli and loss tangent to evaluate the coefficient of friction and rolling resistance force in the free-rolling condition of a winter tire on ice as the rolling resistance losses are found to be highly correlated to these two properties.
Multibody Dynamics and Terramechanics-based modeling and simulation of Quarter-Car with Suspension
Authors: Chaturvedi E , Mukherjee J , Sandu C
Published: September 2024

While tires only compress when acted upon by a load in on-road scenarios, in off-road conditions, on the other hand, the tires not only undergo compression but also sinkage into the ground, in a manner that depends on the terrain. The tire-ground contact, in turn, affects the forces acting on the suspension system. Hence, it is necessary to study the vertical dynamic response of a system in off-road conditions by accounting for the terramechanics phenomenon (tire-terrain interface). The forces acting at the tire and terrain interface in off-road conditions have been studied in terramechanics separately; however, their integration with multibody systems is relatively less explored. In this paper, a multibody dynamic-based modeling and simulation of a quarter car with a linear spring-damper suspension system for off-road vehicles is presented. The generalized external forces are obtained using the Bekker-Wong based soil pressure-sinkage approach for two different kind of multibody systems interacting with sandy loam terrain. This model is integrated with the Tangent Space Ordinary Differential Equations of the quarter car and suspension system and solved using numerical integration techniques. Thus, by accounting for the terramechanics in the multibody system, the technique provides a more realistic response of the system in off-road scenarios.
Aerodynamic evaluation of a commercial bus structure
Authors: Balcau M C
Published: September 2024

This article focuses on the aerodynamics evaluation of a commercial intercity bus used on the highway. The research begins with a brief introduction to the state-of-the-art vehicle aerodynamic assessment using the iterative CFD (computational fluid dynamics) method. The second part presented the method to generate the basic CAD model of a commercial bus using the blueprint images. The boundary conditions and the discretization of computational volume are presented in the third part of this document. The aerodynamic evaluation is performed at a velocity of 33.34 m/s, highlighting the velocity distribution around the bus structure and the air pressure on the bus and road surface. For high accuracy of the simulation results, a movable road surface and a rotation zone is introduced around the wheels, according to the simulation case. After analysing the results of the original model is proposed a geometrical improvement by adding the air deflectors to the bus model. The improved bus model is simulated under the same boundary conditions as the base model. The last part of the document presents the comparison study and its conclusions.
Heavy-duty vehicles with solar panels as a regenerative power source
Authors: Popa D.M. , Popa D. , Tabacu S.
Published: September 2024

Road transportation represents more than a third of all CO2-producing sources on Earth, being the main producer of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. Nowadays, continuous development of technology has reduced fossil-fuel consumption by integrating clean energy sources as a range extender. Solar energy has the largest potential of all renewable energy sources worldwide. The photovoltaic and energy storage research fields have grown exponentially during the last decade and, forced by the current energy crisis, had a great contribution to the hybrid solar vehicles (HSV) industry. Vehicle Integrated Photovoltaics (VIPV) comply with requirements on vehicles aesthetics, and they convert solar energy into electric energy to supply the low-voltage and high-voltage battery packs onboard HSV. Heavy-load road transportation by commercial vehicles equipped with PV-integrated modules or retrofit installation will contribute to global decarbonization. A study is done on a configuration of a heavy-duty vehicle with its cuboid cargo body covered with solar panels and a regulated driving route during different weather conditions [3]. The energy management system is designed to maximize solar energy conversion in order to reduce fuel consumption and extend the vehicle’s total driving distance.
Development of a coupled process - design numerical model for an automotive assembly
Authors: Stirosu M , Badea A , Sandu A I , Tabacu S
Published: September 2024

The product development process is a very challenging one, especially in the case of the automotive industry. The actual constructions require performance and quality while focusing on mechanical performance, lightweight and cost-effective. Thus, the virtual development stage is critical. Once the product is validated according to its geometrical definition and features, it is necessary to evaluate its mechanical performance. This process is usually performed using numerical simulation methods. In this paper, the numerical process performed for the validation of a safety part is discussed. As a specific feature, the assembly is finished using a riveting process. The manufacturing process’s influence on the assembly’s mechanical performance is further investigated. A discussion of the methods available for the design validation summarizes the finding of this specific work.
Case study of optimization of junction for the access to Iulius Mall Suceava
Authors: Vilcan A , Nicolae V , Martin I , Ionescu E , Istrate M
Published: September 2024

The impact of new commercial developments in urban areas is twofold, first one is given by the increased economic activity and increasing number of working places, and secondly increasing traffic in the area of development might lead to congestion. Therefore, it is of high importance the optimisation of access and junctions and street network in the area, to balance the two aspects mentioned before.
Speckle autocorrelation separation method based on frequency intensity for tracking moving object beyond optical memory effect
Authors: Shi Shigong , Cui Guangmang , Liu Yang , Xiang Qinlei , Zhao Jufeng , Liao Fu , Cui Weize
Published: September 2024

Imaging objects behind a scattering medium beyond the optical memory effect (OME) range is vital in various imaging scenarios. Despite numerous proposed imaging methods aimed at separating objects, effectively tracking moving objects remains challenging. In this paper, we present a non-invasive scattering imaging method to reconstruct target beyond the OME range and track moving objects using a speckle separation and position estimation technique. A speckle autocorrelation separation method based on frequency intensity is proposed to eliminate the noise from the cross-correlation and to separate the objects from the mixed speckles. A position estimation technique is proposed to determine the positional relationships of the objects using speckle deconvolution using the point spread function of imaging regions. A non-invasive imaging system is designed to track the moving object without prior knowledge of the shape and distribution of objects. Experimental validation shows the efficiency of the method for separation and localization, allowing for the reconstruction of the target behind the scattering medium and tracking of the moving object behind the scattering medium. Moreover, the method is capable of separating and tracking a moving object when multiple objects are in the background.
Band alignments, conduction band edges and intralayer bandgap renormalisation in MoSe2/WSe2 heterobilayers
Authors: Graham A J , Nguyen P V , Park H , Nunn J , Kandyba V , Cattelan M , Giampietri A , Barinov A , Xu X , Cobden D H , Wilson N R
Published: September 2024

Stacking two semiconducting transition metal dichalcogenide (MX2) monolayers to form a heterobilayer creates a new variety of semiconductor junction with unique optoelectronic features, such as hosting long-lived dipolar interlayer excitons. Despite many optical, transport, and theoretical studies, there have been few direct electronic structure measurements of these junctions. Here, we apply angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy with micron-scale spatial resolution (µARPES) to determine the band alignments in MoSe2/WSe2 heterobilayers, using in-situ electrostatic gating to electron-dope and thus probe the conduction band edges. By comparing spectra from heterobilayers with opposite stacking orders, that is, with either MoSe2 or WSe2 on top, we confirm that the band alignment is type II, with the valence band maximum in the WSe2 and the conduction band minimum in the MoSe2. The overall band gap is E
G = 1.43 ± 0.03 eV, and to within experimental uncertainty it is unaffected by electron doping. However, the offset between the WSe2 and MoSe2 valence bands clearly decreases with increasing electron doping, implying band renormalisation only in the MoSe2, the layer in which the electrons accumulate. In contrast, µARPES spectra from a WS2/MoSe2 heterobilayer indicate type I band alignment, with both band edges in the MoSe2. These insights into the doping-dependent band alignments and gaps of MX2 heterobilayers will be useful for properly understanding and ultimately utilizing their optoelectronic properties.
Influence of process parameters on the organization and properties of 316L-SCBCC bracket formed by selective zone laser melting
Authors: Ju Xiaoyu , Song Xiujuan , Xu Shubo , Hu Xinzhi , Liu Renhui , Sun Kangwei
Published: September 2024

316L porous skeletal scaffolds prepared by selective laser melting (SLM) technology are currently widely used in bone injuries. Its successful implantation is predicated on having properties that match those of natural bone. The process parameters significantly influence the performance of SLM-316L porous scaffold. In this study, the nine-group shaping process parameters were determined by orthogonal method. The 316L porous scaffolds were tested in compression, electrochemistry, XRD and microstructure. The influence of process parameters on the performance of body-centered cubic peripheral square structure bracket was investigated. The influence laws of process parameters on microstructure, mechanical properties and corrosion resistance were obtained. The results show that process parameters have a significant effect on the microstructure, properties and defect distribution. The reduction of defects and grain refinement in the stent is conducive to the improvement of compressive properties and hardness of the stent. The magnitude of the hardness is inversely related to the grain size. The corrosion current density of porous scaffolds are also affected by their microscopic defects and grain size. At an energy density of 78.70 J mm−3 presents the least defects and obtains smaller grains, resulting in the best mechanical properties and corrosion resistance.
Effect of Cu/Bi ratio on the photoelectrochemical performance of CuBi2O4/CuO nanocomposite films for CO2 reduction
Authors: Gonzaga Ian Lorenzo E , Mercado Candy C
Published: September 2024

Solar energy is free, clean, and virtually limitless; however, its conversion into a storable form presents technological challenges. One avenue towards solar energy utilization is the photoelectrochemical (PEC) reduction of CO2 to one- or two-carbon fuels, employing a semiconductor configured as an electrode. A potential material for this application is the p-type copper bismuth oxide (CuBi2O4) with a band gap capable of visible light absorption and a conduction band edge position suitable for CO2 reduction. In this study, CuBi2O4 nanocomposite films of varying Cu/Bi ratios (0.25, 0.51, 0.68, 0.94, 2.04) were prepared via an electrodeposition-spray deposition-annealing route. Where the Cu/Bi ratio exceeded the stoichiometric value of 0.5, a bilayered film composed of a copper (II) oxide (CuO) phase on top of CuBi2O4 was formed, creating a planar heterojunction between the two oxide layers. With increasing Cu/Bi ratio, the light absorption range of the films broadened due to the CuO phase. Analysis of the photocurrent–potential behavior of the films under visible-light illumination showed a 4–7-fold increase in the photocurrent from an inert electrolyte to a CO2-saturated electrolyte, confirming potential activity for CO2 reduction of the CuBi2O4/CuO films. A higher Cu/Bi ratio resulted to an improved charge separation efficiency, enhancing the photocurrent generation. However, the transient photocurrent response of the films showed a 70%–80% decrease in the photocurrent after only 15 min of testing. When tested in an electrolyte with an electron scavenger, the percent decrease was lowered to <10%, indicating that the instability of the films resulted from poor interfacial kinetics. While the CuBi2O4/CuO nanocomposite films can accomplish CO2 reduction, further strategies to improve their efficiency and stability are needed to realize practical application.
Enhancing phosphorus removal: the impact of alkaline environment in eutrophic water systems
Authors: Zhang Yi , Liu Benhong , Liu Lei , Wang Jue
Published: September 2024

Excessive phosphorus input leads to poor water quality and eutrophication. However, limited research has directly explored the influence of pH on phosphorous in actual aquatic systems. This study investigated the effect of pH on phosphorus removal in synthetic, eutrophic, and black-odorous water. The pH levels ranging from 3.5 to 12.0 were adjusted using H2SO4, NaOH, and cement with a 0.5 ± 0.03 interval, followed by a 25 ± 1 °C static water bath for 24 h. Results showed that NaOH-adjusted pH removed >65% TP from eutrophic water (pH ≥9.50) and black-odorous water (pH ≥11.0). Meanwhile, cement-adjusted pH removed >84%, >90%, and >82% TP from the synthetic solution (pH ≥11.0), eutrophic water (pH ≥9.5), and black-odorous water (pH ≥9.5), respectively. The alkaline environment enhanced the formation of Ca-P in eutrophic water and black-odorous water, and cement strengthened the chemical precipitation of phosphorus by providing additional Ca2+. This study lays the groundwork for pH adjustment strategies in eutrophic water, holding significant implications for water resource management and environmental protection.
Immobilization of Pb, Cd, and Cr in contaminated soil around mining areas using Mg/Al LDH-zeolite and evaluation of maize growth
Authors: Nguyen Thi Bich Hanh , Van Huu-Tap , Dang Van Minh , Hoang Van Hung , Nguyen Thu Huong , Hoang Trung Kien
Published: September 2024

This study conducted simultaneous adsorption of Pb, Cd, and Cr ions using Mg/Al LDH-zeolite on contaminated soils from lead-zinc and tin mining areas. The optimal conditions were a 3% adsorbent-to-soil ratio, a 30-day incubation period, and 70% soil moisture. Characterization of the materials revealed that Mg/Al LDH-zeolite has superior physicochemical properties to natural zeolite, with a higher surface area and better adsorption capacity. Results indicated significant reductions in exchangeable heavy metal content: in lead-zinc mining area soil, exchangeable Pb decreased from 139.79 mg kg−1 to 10.95 mg kg−1, Cd−1 from 1.518 mg kg−1 to 0.533 mg kg−1, and Cr from 2.636 mg kg−1 to 0.461 mg/kg using Mg/Al LDH-zeolite. In tin mining area soil, exchangeable Pb decreased from 583.97 mg kg−1 to 48.22 mg kg−1, Cd−1 from 0.498 mg kg−1 to 0.122 mg kg−1, and Cr from 106.095 mg kg−1 to 38.038 mg/kg. Maize cultivation on post-adsorption soil showed improved growth performance, with plants exhibiting increased height and ear and reduced heavy metal accumulation in roots, shoots, and grains. Pb, Cd, and Cr concentrations in maize roots decreased significantly, with Pb reducing to 0.113 mg kg−1 in the lead-zinc area and 0.203 mg kg−1 in the tin area, Cd reducing to 0.061 mg kg−1 and 0.037 mg kg−1, respectively, and Cr reducing to 0.036 mg kg−1 and 0.243 mg kg−1 respectively. Mg/Al LDH-zeolite consistently demonstrated higher efficiency in reducing the bioavailability and translocation of heavy metals in maize tissues, confirming its potential as an effective adsorbent for soil remediation. Key mechanisms, including adsorption, surface complexation, ion exchange, precipitation, and structural incorporation, reduce metal mobility and bioavailability.
MC-VMD-CNN-BiLSTM short-term wind power prediction considering rolling error correction
Authors: Kuang Ming , Liu Xiang , Zhao Meng , Zhang Haonan , Wu Xin , Tian Youwen
Published: September 2024

Wind energy is a clean and renewable source that has the potential to alleviate the global fossil fuel crisis and environmental pollution by generating electricity. However, accurately predicting wind energy output remains challenging due to its inherent uncertainty. To enhance the accuracy of wind power prediction, a short-term wind power forecasting method for power systems, MC-VMD-CNN-BiLSTM, is proposed, which considers error rolling correction. The method begins with feature selection and outlier handling using the quadrature method. Then, wind power data is decomposed into multiple sub-sequences using the Variational Mode Decomposition (VMD) technique to reduce the raw volatility of wind power. Then, a Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) followed by a Bidirectional Long Short-Term Memory (BiLSTM) model is used for wind power prediction. Finally, the proposed method utilizes the Monte Carlo method for rolling error correction by using known errors from previous time frames to correct subsequent predictions. The MC-VMD-CNN-BiLSTM proposed in this paper considering error rolling correction is compared with ELM, SVM, PSO-BP and ARIMA models through an example analysis of the data of a city, and the proposed model in this paper reduces 61.78%, 50.35%, 62.30% and 73.05% in the NRMSE index in the spring as an example, respectively. The results show that the prediction model proposed in this paper has higher prediction accuracy compared with the traditional prediction model.
On the predictability of possible storylines for forced complex systems
Authors: Lohmann Johannes , Wuyts Bert , Ditlevsen Peter D , Ashwin Peter
Published: September 2024

It is well-known that even for fairly simple deterministic nonlinear systems, exact prediction of future state is, on average, impossible beyond some small multiple of the Lyapunov time that quantifies the rate of separation of trajectories within an attractor. Nonetheless, it may be possible to find a physical measure that is the distribution of a trajectory within the attractor. In that sense, there can be a still weaker form of predictability. In this paper, we show that this can also fail but an even weaker form of predictability can appear for non-autonomous (i.e. forced) systems in the presence of tipping points. The predictability of possible storylines appears when one can interpret the frequencies of runs within an ensemble arriving at one of several possible future attractors (storylines) in a probabilistic manner. As predictability is a major concern and a challenge in climate science, we illustrate this notion of predictability with two climate-related examples: a chaotic energy balance model and a global ocean model featuring a tipping point of the Atlantic meridional overturning circulation.
Multimodel regional frequency analysis of CMIP extreme precipitation
Authors: Le Gall P , Favre A C , Tuel A , Naveau P
Published: September 2024

A recurrent question in climate risk analysis is determining how climate change will affect heavy precipitation patterns. Dividing the globe into homogeneous sub-regions should improve the modeling of heavy precipitation by inferring common regional distributional parameters. In addition, biases due to model errors in global climate models (GCMs) should be considered to understand the climate response to different forcing effects. Within this context, we propose an efficient clustering algorithm that, compared to classical regional frequency analysis (RFA) techniques, is covariate-free and accounts for dependence. It is based on a new non-parametric dissimilarity that combines both the RFA constraint and the pairwise dependence. We derive asymptotic properties of our dissimilarity estimator, and we interpret it for generalized extreme value distributed pairs. As an application, we cluster annual daily precipitation maxima of 16 GCMs from the coupled model intercomparison project. We combine the climatologically consistent subregions identified for all GCMs. This improves the spatial clusters coherence and outperforms methods either based on margins or on dependence. Finally, by comparing the natural forcings partition with the one with all forcings, we assess the impact of anthropogenic forcing on precipitation extreme patterns.
Return to the Planetary Technosphere
Authors: Peoples Columba
Published: September 2024

This chapter returns to the subject of spheres of (in)security: technosphere, biosphere, ecosphere. It does so as part of wider consideration of the sociotechnical imagination of planetary crisis management in relation to ‘other Earths’—worlds in which fixes for planetary emergency are proposed to be found in designed solutions and infrastructures that variously seek to model, mimic, or even alter ‘nature’. Such proposals, so the chapter argues, are often outgrowths of modes of geoengineering and ‘active planetary management’ as discussed in previous chapters of the book. They work by articulating expanded conceptions of what might constitute human, natural, and technological worlds, sometimes seeking to challenge or remove conventional distinctions between those worlds. Planetary-international politics also often returns in such considerations and proposals too, though, as the chapter seeks to argue—with the limits of modern politics often seen to pose an obstacle to the imagination of future planetary security.
Conclusion
Authors: Peoples Columba
Published: September 2024

This concluding chapter revisits key themes of the book, with a particular focus on the themes of crisis and (re)emergence. Drawing on the work done in the previous chapters, it also reflects on an emergent theme of how planetary crisis and emergency are often bound up with (vexed) questions and considerations of how ‘we’ might manage to survive in the future. These questions and considerations, it is suggested, are at least as notable for the ways in which they ‘co-produce’ a sense of who ‘we’ are as much as for the substance of the answers and fixes they are sometimes accompanied by. By way of ending, the chapter puts forward a concept of ‘fixations’ to denote this aspect of the technopolitics of planetary crisis management.
Automated seminal root angle measurement with corrective annotation
Authors: Smith Abraham George , Malinowska Marta , Ruud Anja Karine , Janss Luc , Krusell Lene , Jensen Jens Due , Asp Torben
Published: September 2024

Measuring seminal root angle is an important aspect of root phenotyping, yet automated methods are lacking. We introduce SeminalRootAngle, a novel open-source automated method that measures seminal root angles from images. To ensure our method is flexible and user-friendly we build on an established corrective annotation training method for image segmentation. We tested SeminalRootAngle on a heterogeneous dataset of 662 spring barley rhizobox images, which presented challenges in terms of image clarity and root obstruction. Validation of our new automated pipeline against manual measurements yielded a Pearson correlation coefficient of 0.71. We also measure inter-annotator agreement, obtaining a Pearson correlation coefficient of 0.68, indicating that our new pipeline provides similar root angle measurement accuracy to manual approaches. We use our new SeminalRootAngle tool to identify single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) significantly associated with angle and length, shedding light on the genetic basis of root architecture.