bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
System analysis of digital economy virtualization processes
Authors:   V.I. Vernadsky Crimean Federal University, Simchenko Natalia A. , Apatova Natalia V. ,   V.I. Vernadsky Crimean Federal University, Korolev Oleg L. ,   V.I. Vernadsky Crimean Federal University
Published: May 2021

The virtualization of socio-economic processes is expressed in the development of various types of economic activities in the Internet computer network, acting as the infrastructure of the modern economic system, a catalyst for globalization processes, and the main means of communication between computers, information systems of various purposes and complexity, and people. The study of the theoretical and methodological problem of digital economy virtualization processes is due to the importance of determining the structure of virtualization as a set of interconnected industries, consumption, markets, and finance on the Internet. The elements of the system combine the types of economic activities, which include entrepreneurship on the Internet, as well as information and intellectual activities. The study of this problem was carried out using empirical methods of cognition of the structure of the system analysis of digital economy virtualization processes, along with the use of scientometric methods for reviewing the methodology of the educational process for training digital economy personnel and improving their qualifications as a precursor to the design of production processes, consumption, market and financial processes occurring in a digital environment. The conducted studies make it possible to obtain scientific results in the field of structuring the socio-economic processes of virtualization, namely: a dichotomy of virtualization processes in the digital economy is proposed, taking into account the factor of education; the positive and negative consequences of virtualization for the economy and society as a whole are identified. It was concluded in the course of the study that the system analysis of digital economy virtualization processes should be based on the development of the educational component and reflect the environment of virtualization processes, including digital platforms, which, first, form the global infrastructure of the world economy; second, they contribute to the development of entrepreneurship; third, they provide production, consumer, market and financial functions and corporate governance; fourth, they are a source of network externalities that create new social and economic problems. The prospect for further research is the development of a model for assessing the impact of the structure of virtualization processes on economic growth in the digital economy.
Dynamics of the anxiety level of Moscow students during the educational process in the setting of the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors:   Lomonosov Moscow State University, Zimina Sofya N. , Khafizova Ainur A. ,   Lomonosov Moscow State University, Yudina Anastasia M. ,   Lomonosov Moscow State University, Sineva Irina M. ,   Lomonosov Moscow State University
Published: May 2021

The COVID-19 pandemic and the unprecedented measures to contain it have disrupted the daily life of most people and affected their psychological well-being negatively. Despite the increasing worldwide relevance of exploring the psychological consequences of COVID-19, this study is one of the first Russian papers on this subject. In order to study the changes in the level of anxiety of students, that took shape during the forced self-isolation regime, the authors carried out two surveys involving the students of Moscow universities, according to Spielberger’s State-Trait Anxiety Inventory and a socio-demographic questionnaire. The primary testing took place on March 2-16, 2020 in the face-to-face format; the subsequent online testing during the second stage was held from May 25 to May 30, 2020. The testing covered 13 young men and 29 girls aged from 18 to 25. The survey results showed that over 70% of the respondents regularly infringed the forced stay-at-home regime; 26.8% did not leave their place of residence with the exception of permitted absence cases; 12.2% strictly followed the established prescriptions and did not leave their place of residence at all. The average values of personal anxiety indicators before and during the introduction of restrictive measures did not differ significantly and amounted to 45.1 and 44.9 points respectively (p = 0.94). The level of situational anxiety increased markedly among the majority of respondents (from 38.0 to 45.6 points on the average, p = 0.0002). The intensity of changes in situational anxiety depended on its initial level – the respondents from the group showing the lowest original degree of anxiety suffered from stress most of all. The specific features of compliance with the forced self-isolation regime and the level of labour engagement did not affect the anxiety indicators; however, the stress connected with the examinations and the presentation of qualifying graduation papers was an additional factor affecting the psychoemotional state of the students during the pandemic.
Dynamics of the influence of forced self-isolation on the emotional state of university students and teachers
Authors:   Belgorod State National Research University, Gut Yulia N. , Tkachenko Nadezhda S. ,   Belgorod State National Research University, Doronina Natalia N. ,   Belgorod State National Research University, Lanskikh Marina V. ,   Belgorod State National Research University, Khudaeva Maya Yu. ,   Belgorod State National Research University, Ovsyanikova Elena A. ,   Belgorod State National Research University
Published: May 2021

Introduction. The relevance of studying the human psychological reactions caused by the unpredictable aggravation of the worldwide epidemiological situation caused by the COVID-19 pandemic is growing. The purpose of the research is to analyse the dynamics of impact of forced self-isolation and the situation engendered by the spread of COVID-19 on the psycho-emotional state of the students and the teaching staff of the Institute of Pedagogy under Belgorod State National Research University, and their treatment of this situation. Materials and methods. The research was carried out in remote mode through the online service “Google Forms” in April and October 2020. The number of students and teachers of the Institute of Pedagogy under Belgorod State National Research University that took part in the questioning was 1620. The questionnaire consisted of 3 blocks, including the feedback forms: “My emotional state” (Gut, Doronina); “Actual mental state” (Kulikov); Spielberger’s State-Trait Anxiety Inventory. The processing of the research results was carried out with the use of the statistical package SPSS 25.0. Results. It was revealed that most of the respondents, during both the first and the second diagnostic assessment periods, complied entirely with the coronavirus prevention measures and did not visit crowded public places: 79.1% and 70%, respectively. Following the study of the actual emotional state of the tested people during the first and second waves, some reliably significant differences in terms of indicators were revealed: “Physical well-being” (temp=-2.7; р≤0.01), “Tranquility-anxiety” (temp = -4.2; p≤0.01), “Emotional excitement” (temp = -3.1; p≤0.01). Discussion and conclusion. The results of the comparative analysis of the respondents’ answers in respect of the first and second waves of the coronavirus spread made it possible to conclude that the tested people had revaluated the COVID situation and started treating this phenomenon in more prudent and serious terms. In addition, the prolonged stay-at-home regime, along with limited communication and relocation, results in cumulation of psychological fatigue, increased emotional strain, which conditions the need for informational and psychological support of university students and teachers during the pandemic and after it.
Cognitive basis of emotional burn-out syndrome in students on ordinature programs
Authors:   P.G. Demidov Yaroslavl State University, Savelyeva Lyudmila A. , Kashapov Mergalyas M. ,   P.G. Demidov Yaroslavl State University, Savelyeva Marina I. ,   Russian Medical Academy of Continuing Professional Education
Published: May 2021

Introduction. Post-graduate education of residents is the basis of the professional activity of doctors. Therapeutic activities involve emotional load and a lot of stress factors. Emotional burnout syndrome (EBS) is the response of the organism to prolonged negative exposure to professional stresses. Psychological overwork is considered to be the main cause of EBS. This article is devoted to the study of resource possibilities of the individual and to the search for ways to prevent the development of EBS in residents at the postgraduate stage of education. Materials and methods. The EBS analysis (V.V. Boyko’s method), conflict competence (method "Diagnostics of leading type of response" by M.M. Kashapov and T.G. Kiseleva), communicative competence (method "Professional communicative competence of the doctor" by N.V. Yakovleva and L.P. Urvantsev), creativity (test "Creativity" by N.F. Vishniakova) and creative characteristics of personality (Questionnaire of abilities of creative personality by O.A. Shliapnikova and M.M. Kashapov) were used to examine 130 persons (100 residents of surgical and therapeutic specialties and 30 doctors of general practice) in comparison groups with correlation analysis. Results. The obtained data support the hypothesis that 1) differences in the choice of conflict resolution strategy contribute to the development of EBS symptoms; 2) residents experience a shortage of professional communicative competence, which leads to the development of EBS; 3) there are relationships between the parameters of creativity and the expression of EBS; 4) the chosen medical specialty is related to the degree of expression of creative abilities of the individual. Discussion and conclusion. The reasons for the identified psychological disadvantage are analyzed. A comparative analysis of conflict and communication competencies, as well as creative characteristics of the person, which play a role in the development of the EBS has been carried out. It has been established that creativity and creative abilities manifest themselves as resource opportunities whose targeted development can serve as a means of preventing EBS in residents.
The influence of the multicultural educational environment on the formation of students’ moral position
Authors:   Voronezh State Pedagogical University, Trofimova Natalia B. , Stepanova Galina S. ,   Voronezh State Pedagogical University, Zhukova Annelia M. ,   Voronezh State Pedagogical University, Goncharenko Elena S. ,   Voronezh State Pedagogical University
Published: May 2021

Introduction. The modern educational environment in universities (including pedagogical ones) is both mono- and multicultural in nature, which involves students’ understanding of the unity and diversity of cultures. One of the conditions for the formation of individual moral position as an indicator of the spiritual-moral development of students – future teachers is the multicultural environment of a university. The purpose of the article is to study the influence of the multicultural environment on the formation of students’ moral position in the context of intercultural interaction. Materials and methods. The study involved two groups of students of the Voronezh State Pedagogical University (N = 95) in mono- and multicultural environments. A set of methods was used: “Diagnostics of Benevolence” questionnaire (according to the Campbell scale); value questionnaire by Schwartz; “Diagnostics of Individual Socio-Psychological Attitudes in the Motivational Sphere” by Potemkina; “Scale of Emotional Response” by Mehrabian and Epstein; “Questionnaire DUMEOLP – Diagnostics of the Level of Moral and Ethical Responsibility of the Personality” by Tymoshchuk. A statistical method – a nonparametric Mann-Whitney U test – was also used. Results. It was shown that students studying in a multicultural environment have more developed indicators of moral position, such as emotional response (U = 74.88, p ≤ 0.01), the level of benevolence (U = 5.82, p ≤ 0.05), the value of universalism (U = 4.46, p ≤ 0.01), as well as a less pronounced focus on selfishness (U = 3.24, p ≤ 0.01). The organization of communication and the peculiarities of presenting educational information determine the level of intercultural dialogue and the formation of more pronounced indicators of moral position. Conclusion. In accordance with the results obtained, it is proposed to create a program of psychological-pedagogical support for the formation of students’ moral position in the multicultural environment of a university.
Methods and tools for analysing students’ digital footprint in the course of work under educational programmes
Authors:   Herzen State Pedagogical University of Russia, Baranova Evgeniya V. , Shvetsov German V. ,   Herzen State Pedagogical University of Russia
Published: May 2021

Collecting and analysing a student’s digital footprint is an integral part of the Russian education development in the conditions of the digital economy. This activity is connected, among the other things, with the assessment of the students’ formed competencies in the course of blended learning in the educational process. The purpose of the research is development of approaches, methods and tools for analysing the data generated in the digital educational environment (DEE), with a view to assessing the correlation between the structure and content of educational programmes and the results of the students’ educational activities under these programmes. The methodology of the essay is based on the Educational Data Mining (EDM), along with the methods for design and development of information systems and databases. The following data processing methods were used: correlation analysis and Distillation of Data for Human Judgment. The analysis used extensive detailed data on various aspects of the educational process, accumulated for over more than 10 years on the basis of Herzen State Pedagogical University of Russia. The authors have developed a tool for collecting and analysing the students’ digital footprint in a blended learning environment, using EDM methods. A series of calculations was made in accordance with the EDM methods, that make it possible to draw preliminary conclusions about the nature of relationship of some selected indicators (number of actions during the course, students’ activity in the course chat(s), final grade for the course work, attendance time at the course), obtained as part of the student work in the Moodle distance teaching system (DTS), with the interim certification results. For instance, the extent of interrelation between the final e-learning course grade and the results of interim certification is 0.7108, which is evidence of close interdependence. The extent of interrelation between the scope of course activities and the interim certification grade (0.314) shows only slight interdependence. Such calculations serve a basis for the assumptions in respect of assessing the impact of student activities on academic success, on the efficiency of e-learning courses and recommendations for modifying the educational resources with a view to improving their quality. The experience, approaches and results presented by the authors testify to expediency of using EDM methods for the analysis of the educational process.
Promising plans and practical use of ICT in education: Sub-Saharan Africa perspectives
Authors:   Institute for African Studies of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Ulanova Natalya S.
Published: May 2021

Introduction. Information and communication technologies (ICT) in the field of education have become indispensable for many countries. Digital transformation of school has conquered the minds of many educationists in Sub-Saharan Africa which long suffered from low attendance rates and lack of qualified teachers. This is a developing region with unstable educational opportunities and ICT use is believed to be a central form solution for the future effective functioning of learning programmes. Materials and methods. General scientific theoretical methods and comparative analysis were used to analyze actual statistical data, take insight into existing online learning platforms, expert’s accounts. Results. Both the general problems of ICT application in education and its functioning in the context of national educational systems in such countries as Uganda and Kenya were analyzed. Unique evidence from this rapidly developing region underscores the need of a balanced and comprehensive approach to the strategies of the digital education reforms at school. Сonclusions. ICT introduction risks not to be an effective factor in the management of educational process without taking into account behavioral and sociocultural context as well as without thorough development of all levels of educational system. Though the article is addressed to the experts in the field of education and African studies, it will be of considerable interest to all practitioners concerned with the implementation of ICT in teaching practice.
On the state of internal systems for assessing the quality of education in Russian schools: data-driven management perspectives
Authors:   Academy of Social Management, Savinykh Galina P. , Ilyukhin Boris V. ,   The Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration, Masharova Tatiana V. ,   Moscow City Pedagogical University
Published: May 2021

Introduction. The information policy in the field of education has updated the issue of accounting, processing and use of data contained in open educational environments. Assessment information becomes separate the objects themselves and of the internal system of education quality assessment (hereinafter – IEQAS) begin to be a factor changing the environment and transfer of state orders in educational purpose of the school. Materials and methods. A review of foreign and domestic sources on the problems of data-based quality assessment is undertaken. Developed and tested a questionnaire to identify the factors of updating of current practices IEQAS. The sample of respondents was 228 people. The sample included heads and deputy heads of schools from 34 general education organizations (schools). The sample consists of 12 regions of the Russian Federation. Most of the respondents were interviewed remotely, using the technical capabilities of the website of the autonomous non-profit association "Association of Heads of Educational Organizations". Results. The scientific novelty of the research consists in the substantiation of the actual components of the WSSCO and their interrelation in the process of data-based management. It is proved that the design and organizational culture of IEQAS acts as a resource for working with data. The current state of internal systems for assessing the quality of education in Russian schools can be characterized as progressive, overcoming the inertia of mass declarative control of the quality of education and implementing the idea of data-based management. Discussion. Special approaches to their organization are required in order for the WSSS to function in the designated direction. There should be a transition from mass declarative quality control of education to quality management, taking into account the uniqueness of the school infrastructure and the characteristics of the student body. The prospects are related to the subordination of the IEQAS to the humanitarian methodology, in which the nature of the data is related to the personal trajectories of education.
Institutional identity of pedagogical education: problems and development trends
Authors:   Kozma Minin Nizhny Novgorod State Pedagogical University (Minin University), Ilaltdinova Elena Yu. , Frolova Svetlana V. ,   Kozma Minin Nizhny Novgorod State Pedagogical University (Minin University), Sergeeva Tatiana N. ,   Kozma Minin Nizhny Novgorod State Pedagogical University (Minin University)
Published: May 2021

Introduction. The ongoing geopolitical and socio-economic global changes, undoubtedly, have a strong impact on educational systems in general and on the paradigm of pedagogical education in particular. The ability of educational ecosystems to anticipate possible changes, respond to them in a timely manner, and, ideally, to make these changes manageable, seems to be relevant. Materials and methods. Content analysis of pedagogical literature, source study method, comparative description, binary analysis, linguistic analysis. Results. The analysis of socio-cultural and educational tendencies, as well as the university trends and the actual trends in pedagogical education, let the authors conclude that pedagogical education faces an institutional crisis. Discussion. The post-critical phase of development of the pedagogical university’s institutional identity is represented by a stage of formation and implementation of a new institutional model of pedagogical education – Open Pedagogical Education of the Future (OPEF). The open transregional project-based educational institution trains personnel for constructing a knowledge economy; it is an innovational basic centre for improving pedagogues’ professional mastery, as well as a resource centre for advanced educational projects providing systemic training of innovation agents. Conclusion. The open pedagogical education of the future should become a basis for creating a new manageable educational and pedagogical reality which, in turn, will become a foundation of the new pedagogy.
Ecological education in the conditions of digital realities: the Russian national aspect
Authors:   Russian State Social University, Avtsinova Galina I. , Buchnev Evgeny V. ,   Russian State Social University
Published: May 2021

Introduction. The relevance of the research is accounted for by the need to form a person’s supra-professional skills that are in demand in the context of the development of digitalisation of the living environment. The environment-focused mentality and lean production, along with other factors, are recognised by the employers as basic elements that can develop the employee’s professional flexibility, ability for interdisciplinary learning, generation of innovative ideas and actions, being in demand in the labour market. The purpose of this paper is to analyse the essential features of ecological education in the context of digitalisation of the Russian economy and the role of regional political structures therein. Materials and methods. Over 300 Russian citizens aged 18 to 65, residing in central Russia and the Far East, took part in the online survey. Results. It was revealed that 55% of the respondents assess the ecological state of their region as troubled and requiring concern, 3% estimate the ecological state of the region as excellent, 90% believe that schools need to introduce a special discipline dealing with environmental safety, 42% believe that they have been taught the fundamentals of environmental safety within the framework of the school curriculum. The study showed the need to extend the range of eco-oriented programmes within the education system, as well as the willingness of the population to acquire competencies aimed at changing the human impact on the environment. Prospects for further research. The research results can be used in the process of development of preschool and basic-school educational programmes, in supplementary and extracurricular education for primary and secondary school learners, to cultivate the ecological principles as basic guidelines for the living environment of the society.
Analysis of the problem of legal literacy of technical university students
Authors:   Moscow Aviation Institute  (National Research University), Stepnova Olga V. , Eremenskaya Lyudmila I. ,   Moscow Aviation Institute  (National Research University)
Published: May 2021

Introduction. The socio-economic and political processes taking place in modern Russia pose new challenges to the student youth, as the most active subject of these processes. Ten years ago, it was enough for a qualified engineer to have professional knowledge, skills and abilities, but today, according to the requirements of higher education, he must have a management culture, information competence and legal literacy. The purpose of the study is to study the legal literacy of students of a technical university. Materials and methods. The materials of the study were the data of an anonymous sociological survey of 124 respondents – students of the Stupino branch of the Moscow Aviation Institute (National Research University) of the 2nd, 3rd and 4th courses of full-time and part-time education by filling out Google forms. The obtained data allowed us to study the knowledge of the students of the technical university in the field of the basics of legal literacy. Results. Analysis of the data of a sociological survey of students' opinions showed that the overwhelming majority (96.5%) support the introduction of in-depth study of law enforcement practice in the educational process of a technical university. Students admitted (94.4% of respondents) that knowledge of the basics of civil, labor, tax, administrative and other branches of law will help them in their professional activities; 38.4% believe that they need additional knowledge in the field of law, while 62.9% had experience in concluding a civil contract (purchase and sale of an apartment, car, contract, delivery, provision of services, etc.), but 41.5% used the services of specialists (realtor, labor dispute commission, lawyers, etc.). Conclusion. Today, legal literacy of students determines the understanding of their role, opportunities and responsibilities in society, knowledge of their rights and obligations. Obtaining the necessary legal knowledge and skills for professional activity will allow students to independently understand the current laws, legal norms, understand them and apply them in their professional activities.
A Method for Design of Modular Reconfigurable Machine Tools
Authors: Xu Zhengyi , Liu Lilan , Chen Li , Xi Fengfeng (Jeff)
Published: May 2021

Presented in this paper is a method for the design of modular reconfigurable machine tools (MRMTs). An MRMT is capable of using a minimal number of modules through reconfiguration to perform the required machining tasks for a family of parts. The proposed method consists of three steps: module identification, module determination, and layout synthesis. In the first step, the module components are collected from a family of general-purpose machines to establish a module library. In the second step, for a given family of parts to be machined, a set of needed modules are selected from the module library to construct a desired reconfigurable machine tool. In the third step, a final machine layout is decided though evaluation by considering a number of performance indices. Based on this method, a software package has been developed that can design an MRMT for a given part family.
The role of adaptive reuse in building resilience urban communities : a case-based review of praxis in Toronto, Ontario
Authors: Faria Katherine
Published: May 2021

Support for adaptive reuse as an urban sustainability strategy has been strengthened in response to recent discussions concerning resource management, environmental protection, and urban revitalization. Studies conducted throughout Europe, North America and Australasia have demonstrated the advantages and procedural barriers of successful adaptive reuse. This study explores the praxis of adaptive reuse in Toronto, Canada, through an analysis of three project case studies: the Distillery Historic District, the Don Valley Brick works, and Wychwood Barns. In addition to a review of site history and function, this study assesses the roles of stakeholders, the diversity and distribution of benefits, project inclusivity, and community impact. This research confirms the role of adaptive reuse in achieving cost savings, ecological preservation, heritage conservation, equity and empowerment, while noted barriers include complexities, funding uncertainty, and design and safety concerns. Finally, options for public incentive programs are included as a strategy for streamlining the reuse process.
An Urban Planning Approach to Digital Inequality: Proposed Methods and Lessons from a Case Study of Toronto
Authors: Liu Teresa J.
Published: May 2021

Disparities in the access of digital resources and opportunities have been a concern since the early days of the internet, yet most jurisdictions do not currently have comprehensive and detailed datasets to support planning and policy. This study seeks to develop a practical approach for exploring intra-community digital inequalities from an urban planning perspective, in particular through the lenses of digital engagement and governance, and the redistribution of resources. Lessons from a scan of issues, existing frameworks, and examples in academic and grey literature show the importance of local context in understanding digital inequality, contribute to the development of a toolbox of possible practices, and reveal suggestions for data collection and sharing. These findings are applied to a case study of Toronto, which finds both concerns regarding digitally excluded groups as well as opportunities for more equitable engagement practices through digital platforms.
Assessing Toronto's minimums parking requirements for condominiums
Authors: Haines Graham
Published: May 2021

This research explores whether Toronto’s minimum parking requirements for condominiums are actively and
effectively implementing policy goals expressed by the Province and the City and if Toronto’s parking requirements are acting as a barrier to development. Through a review of existing literature, an analysis of the
process used to set Toronto’s current parking requirements, and field interviews with condominium developers
it is determined that the current requirements actively work against policies aimed at reducing car dependence and have harmful impacts to development. On the basis of these findings recommendations are made to planners and developers in order to improve parking management and policy
Growing Ontario Responsibly: a Look at the Impact of the Growth Plan for the Greater Golden Horseshoe on Ontario's Economic Environment
Authors: O'Hanlon Kelly
Published: May 2021

This Major Research Paper (MRP) will examine the consequences of the proposed Growth Plan for the Greater Golden Horseshoe (GGH) on the economic trends of southern Ontario. As a type of regulatory tool, the Growth Plan has inevitable market impacts that must be studied, understood, and mitigated when making policy decisions. Increasing evidence has pointed towards housing affordability, and supply of land and housing types, as two broad market impacts of regulatory tools that fall under the branch of ‘growth management’, ‘urban containment’, and ‘smart growth’. The subject of this MRP is the economic impact of the Growth Plan for the Greater Golden Horseshoe, imposed by the provincial government, and implemented on a municipal level. In 2015, the province initiated its first ten-year review of the 2006 Growth Plan for the GGH. The province released proposed amendments to the Growth Plan in the summer of 2016 following an analysis by a selected panel of experts and input from community consultations. It is anticipated that these proposed amendments will exasperate the widespread affordability issues of the GGH, create a more homogenous built form and building typology, and ignore the diversity of municipalities across the impacted area. A thorough analysis of these adverse effects will be provided along with recommendations on how the province can better balance the environmental, social, and economic goals of the Greater Golden Horseshoe.
BRT omnibus : how bus rapid transit enhances mobility
Authors: Niezgoda Michael
Published: May 2021

Bus Rapid Transit (BRT) has emerged in the 21st century as a leading form of building rapid transit in urban environs due to their ability as a rapidly implementable, relatively low-cost, flexible, and high-quality transit mode. While the popularity of the BRT mode continues to grow worldwide, there remains a degree of uncertainty over what designing for success looks like for BRT systems. This paper sought to determine whether there was a "correct" design approach for BRT implementation through literature review and case study. The case study revealed that despite differences in design and implementation, the cases successfully attained their respective planning and performance objectives. The inherent flexibility of the BRT mode allowed for BRT systems to be scaled to a wide array of operating and ridership contexts, as well as allow for incremental enhancements to the system as the passenger demands, available financing, and political will for upgrades arise. 
From community institution to condo conversion: adaptive reuse within neighbourhood gentrification in cities in Ontario
Authors: Abramowicz Emma
Published: May 2021

What role do school and church condominium conversions play in processes of
neighbourhood change? This paper examines 40 residential condominium conversions of
former neighbourhood institutions in Ontario’s three largest urban municipalities to
determine their role within local gentrification processes. The research analyzes indicator
data over time in each conversion neighbourhood to identify gentrification trends and the
points at which the conversions are proposed within or outside them. The research finds
that post-institutional conversions can fall at any point before, during, after or outside
neighbourhood gentrification. This paper concludes that such conversions do not play a
universal driving or reactive role, however they have the power to foster further
gentrification where they occur early in the process. Planners are thus encouraged to
consider facilitating alternatives to private conversion in particular neighbourhood
contexts. Further research is recommended on the intersection of heritage conservation,
adaptive reuse and neighbourhood gentrification.
A Resurrection Of Laneways: Toronto's Activation Of Public Space Through Lanes
Authors: Carrie-Mattimoe Holly
Published: May 2021

The intention of this research is to examine the viability in activating Toronto’s neglected laneways. Behind the densely populated streets of Toronto’s downtown core, lie arguably one of its most underutilized assets: its laneways. Dimly lit, and typically filled with rubbish, these are spaces with potential. This research focuses on Toronto’s possibilities in the creation of laneways as a legitimate urban space; forgotten spaces with the potential to stimulate growth and create lively, safe communities. The literature will examine current policies that may hinder the widespread use of, or lead to the neglect of these spaces, as well as draw conclusions about possible policy and cultural shifts with the potential to revive and create an adaptive laneway culture.
Children's activity and transportation choices: exploring socio-demographic correlates and health outcomes
Authors: Cantello Ian D.
Published: May 2021

Using data gathered from children aged 9-12 from Toronto (n=628), a cluster analysis was performed seeking to identify children's lifestyle activity and transportation choices, and associated physical activity accumulation. This research sought to identify whether activity and transportation choices could be combined in the same analysis and produce a composite profile. It also sought to determine if specific choice profiles could be associated with children's health outcomes as measured by Moderate to Vigorous Physical Activity (MVPA). A two-step cluster analysis was performed which identified five distinct clusters, namely Screeners, Artists, Athletes, Scholars and Mobiles. Athletes, with a high amount of sports participation had the best physical health outcome while Screeners, with little active activity engagement, had the worst. Socio-economic analyses were performed on all resultant clusters, identifying statistically significant patterns in household income, built form and gender.
Regulations in Planning Understanding the Relationship of the Growth Plan for the Greater Golden Horseshoe and Housing Affordability
Authors: Pister Benjamin
Published: May 2021

This research paper explores what impacts regional regulation, and the resulting planning process, has on ground-related housing. The Growth Plan for the Greater Golden Horseshoe (Growth Plan) is a significant regulation requiring evaluation. It has been suggested that density targets mandated by the Growth Plan have continuously decreased the supply of ground-related housing in the Greater Golden Horseshoe (GGH). The combination of regional regulations and the time of processing development applications play an important role in understanding changes in housing supply. A case study of York Region displayed this concept, such that the requirements of the Province, and the resulting changes to the planning system for the Region, has contributed to decreases in supply of ground-related housing. Prices continue to rise due to increasing demand for the housing type. This research suggests four recommendations for the Proposed Growth Plan to increase the inventory of ground-related housing: 1) reducing density targets, 2) realigning the planning process to reduce time lag, 3) observing market demand, and 4) removing a one-size-fits-all policy which currently exists within the Growth Plan.
Taking Youth Engagement to the Next Generation: Lessons from Best Youth Engagement Practices Toward Food Sustainability
Authors: Hoang Daniel
Published: May 2021

Food is one of life’s most basic necessities. Yet the problems of our food system are becoming increasingly worse: global food security is in jeopardy, health related diseases are epidemic, and generations are increasingly disconnected from their food. The youth population, in particular, is largely missing from the food engagement and decision--making process. Yet it is this group that will inherit the problems of the food system, and constitute the next generation of eaters, policy--makers, and planners. This paper aims to fill this gap by examining ways to improve youth engagement in food sustainability by making it more widespread, meaningful and effective. Using a scan and analysis of best practice research, this paper offers recommendations –including cases, tools, principles and techniques – for stakeholders (such as NGOs, local governments and municipal planners) to improve their youth engagement strategies in food sustainability.
Affordable housing in Ontario : Challenging the Current Paradigm
Authors: Dickinson Christopher William
Published: May 2021

Currently municipalities in Ontario lack the necessary legal and financial powers to secure a wide selection of affordable housing types, ranging in price and tenure. In other provinces in Canada, such as British Columbia, municipalities possess a greater degree of authority and flexibility to meet the housing needs of local residents. One mechanism which has proven quite successful is inclusionary zoning - a land use planning ordinance which attempts to secure a certain amount of affordable housing units at every new development. This paper advocates for a philosophical shift in the way affordable housing is conceptualized in Ontario. Since affordable housing is an increasingly complex issue with no simple solution, all tools and options must be surveyed and utilized to lessen the affordability squeeze.
Exploring the resilience movement through an urban planning and water management lens
Authors: Gorlova Mariya
Published: May 2021

Land use planning recognizes the need for incorporating climate change adaptation strategies to address natural disaster reoccurrence. In 2013, the Rockefeller Foundation developed the 100 Resilient Cities (100RC) model to support initiatives related to climate change and resilience. Globally through the model, cities appointed Chief Resilience Officers (CROs) to develop a vision, lead implementation and establish long-term city resilience. Three major cities in Canada (Toronto, Vancouver and Montreal) are now RC100 cities and subsequently introduced the positions of CROs. The purpose of this research paper is to highlight the current state of interventions in Toronto water management strategies to emphasize the role land use planning can have in Resilience Strategy development. Recommendations will be made based on literature review, policies and best practices scan, as well as stakeholders’ interview analysis. Safety and wellbeing of citizenry are at the forefront of the urban agenda, requiring utmost attention to climate change and precautionary measures against natural disaster.

Key words: land use planning, urban water management, Canada, resilient cities
What I Should Have Learned In School : Making The Connection Between Land Use Planning & The Duty To Consult
Authors: Fraser Clara M.
Published: May 2021

This major research paper examines whether land use planning in Canada incorporates Aboriginal and treaty rights into its processes, by way of integrating the duty to consult, as well as to examine whether planning education teaches students about these issues. By examining literature and policy, and conducting interviews with planners, planning faculty, archaeologists and legal practitioners, this research sheds light on where the duty to consult First Nations intersects with land use planning in Ontario. The paper concludes with two recommendations: first, changes must be made to municipal land use planning in Ontario, and by extension the rest of Canada; second, foundational planning curriculum must provide planning students with knowledge of Aboriginal and treaty rights and land use planning.
An Economic Feasibility Analysis Of Inclusionary Zoning In Toronto, Ontario
Authors: Kikuchi Ryo
Published: May 2021

The Government of Ontario has recently introduced legislation which would allow municipalities to implement inclusionary zoning, a policy tool which would require developers to include affordable housing units in new residential developments. This study examines the potential impacts that implementing an inclusionary zoning program would have on the decision making process of developers operating in the Toronto housing market. The author found that without sufficient incentives inclusionary zoning policies impact the financial returns new developments are able to generate. This paper concludes that in order for inclusionary zoning to be successfully implemented without causing financial hardship on developers, incentives such as density bonuses should be offered.
Planning tools for improving food access : lessons for Ontario's Municipal Planners
Authors: Whyte Bronwyn
Published: May 2021

Until recently, the scope of practice for urban planners has not included issues related to the food system. However, as a result of increased pressure at global and local levels to address the failures of the current food system, municipal planners are being urged to rethink their relationship with the food system. This paper will focus on the role municipal planners can play in the provision of healthy food in urban environments. A variety of planning tools – including general plans and zoning by-laws – have been used in innovative ways to address the growing disparities in urban food access. However, most of these examples are found in the United States. Drawing from these examples, this paper demonstrates how these tools can be used within Ontario’s planning context to address urban food accessibility.
How to get the salamander across the road: exploring the policy intersection of biodiversity conservation and road projects in Ontario
Authors: Wise Joshua
Published: May 2021

Connecting landscapes around roads is an important element in a broader strategy to help protect and recover biodiversity. In regions like southern Ontario and the Greater Golden Horseshoe, growing urban footprints are leading to an expansion of road networks. Road planning and design has historically fragmented natural habitat and created barriers for wildlife movement. The negative impacts of roads can be mitigated through the creation of wildlife crossing structures that enable safe passage of wildlife over or under roads. This Major Research Paper will investigate key Ontario land use and regulatory policies that intersect with both road projects and biodiversity recovery to evaluate their effectiveness in recognizing biodiversity values and enabling the creation of wildlife crossing structures.

Key words: landscape connectivity, wildlife crossing, safe passage, biodiversity, conservation, policy, planning, Ontario, Greater Golden Horseshoe
Exploring The Nexus Between Heritage And Sustainability: How Business Improvement Areas (BIAs) Can Contribute To The Process
Authors: Zambri Matthew
Published: May 2021

Toronto has been undergoing rapid growth and development, dramatically changing the skyline of this city. Although this growth is exciting, it plays a hand in the threat against some of Toronto’s oldest buildings, sitting on prime real estate seen as ripe for redevelopment. Toronto needs to be more assertive when protecting its heritage assets, but has become largely reactive rather than proactive due to an overburdened Heritage Preservation Service department. The system needs to provide for more vigilance over threats to heritage and increase public awareness regarding the many benefits to protecting heritage properties. This paper explores how Business Improvement Associations can take on this role and stimulate the conversation of heritage conservation with property owners, developers, and other stakeholders, providing the support and vision over alternatives to demolition. This report also looks at the potential role the private sector has in heritage conservation, seeing it not as a barrier to development but something that needs to be commemorated because it is what makes Toronto unique.
Overcoming obstacles to parkland acquisition: an analysis of the City of Toronto's parkland acquisition tools, why they have failed the downtown, and what can be done about it
Authors: Knowles Sophie  Lewis
Published: May 2021

Since the mid-1900s, municipal parkland acquisition in North America has occurred largely through the development process. This paper asks how well Toronto’s existing acquisition tools and policies are meeting the needs of present and future populations in the downtown. Research was conducted through a review of the literature, policy and budgetary analysis, and twelve key informant interviews with municipal parks staff, councillors, developers, a planning consultant, and community advocates. The research finds that there are many factors that have impeded parkland acquisition in the downtown, including lack of a strong planning framework, historical disbursal of cash-in-lieu funds city-wide, governance challenges, underfunding of existing operations, limited land supply, a perception of land as overpriced, inability to purchase at market price and in a timely fashion, and limited knowledge of existing tools. The paper acknowledges what has worked and concludes with recommendations to improve the City’s parkland acquisition and development framework.