bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Plight of Kerala's Small Farmers and Christian Minorities: A Shared Struggle for Dignity and Equity
Authors: - Evin Varghese
Published: February 2024

Kerala, often lauded as a beacon of social progress in India, harbours concealed challenges within the overlooked narratives of its small farmers and Christian minorities. This article ventures into the intricacies of their struggles, unveiling intersecting vulnerabilities that demand collective attention for a more inclusive future. Central to this exploration are the shared predicaments of precarious livelihoods, discriminatory practices, and inadequate representation. Small farmers grapple with the uncertainty of their economic sustenance, while Christian minorities encounter barriers through discriminatory practices and limited access to resources. By shedding light on these shared threads, the article underscores the urgency for a comprehensive, multi-pronged approach. It advocates for empowering both communities, ensuring their equitable participation in Kerala's ongoing development journey. Through recognizing and addressing these challenges, the article contends that Kerala can truly embody its reputation as a model of social progress, fostering a future where the struggles of its diverse constituents are acknowledged, dismantled, and replaced with a more equitable and harmonious societal framework.
Comparative Investigation Between Library Personnel Anxiety and Information Seeking Anxiety among Students of Tertiary Institutions
Authors: - Ahmad Muhammad , - Mustapha Usman , - Adline Benjozo
Published: February 2024

The aim of this study is to analyze the perceived relationship that exist between Library Personnel Anxiety and Information Seeking Anxiety among college students how does the two components (antecedents) contributed to Library avoidance syndrome. A structured questionnaire was adapted and modified to fit the study for data collection in which five research questions guided the research. The research design adopted was a survey method. The population for this study comprises 270 students in two colleges of Education. Data were analyzed, simple percentage were used to answer the research question. The study revealed that students with Library Personnel Anxiety due encounter Information Seeking Anxiety and the two are antecedent of library avoidance. The study recommends therefore that teaching library skills at the beginning and end of each study program should be adopted to ameliorate the situation.
Pregnancy Induced Hypertension and It’s Associated Factors among Women Attending Delivery Center
Authors: - Meena Gyawali , - Ravi Roshan Khadka , - Sushmita Jada , - Kashian Haider
Published: February 2024

Background: Pregnancy-induced hypertension (PIH) is a dangerous condition that can arise during pregnancy and has been associated with a number of negative outcomes for both the mother and the fetus. According to estimates from the World Health Organization, the effects of hypertensive diseases during pregnancy claim the lives of at least one woman every seven minutes. Examining pregnancy-induced hypertension and associated risk factors in women receiving prenatal treatment at Jalalabad Hospital is the aim of this study.
Method: During two months, from October 1 to November 30, 2023, a cross-sectional survey was conducted in the maternity hospitals located in Jalalabad. The hospital provided a proportionate amount of the total sample size (620). Using a systematic sampling procedure, study participants were chosen. A p-value of less than 0.05 was deemed statistically noteworthy.
Result: Out of a total of 620 pregnant women, only 8% (50/620) of pregnant women had Hypertensive Disorders in Pregnancy (HDP). The average age of the respondent who visited outpatient department of a maternity hospital in Jalalabad was 27.5± 2 years with the majority 42% in years 25-30. The findings from our study indicate that hypertensive disorder in pregnancy has a significant relationship with risk factors such as increasing maternal age (p<0.041), body mass index (BMI) (P<0.007), and family history of hypertension in pregnancy (p<0.026). Whereas other risk factors assessed in our study had no significant association with HDP.
Conclusion: The findings of our study highlight the importance of factors including obesity, advancing pregnancy age, and a family history of hypertension as risk factors for HDP. It also emphasizes the necessity of appropriate preconceptional counseling, regular ANC monitoring, and HDP treatment in order to minimize morbidity and death associated with this condition.
Heats of Adsorption in Molecules
Authors: - Dr. Anupama Sharma
Published: February 2024

The number of chemical reactions proceed by the phenomenon of adsorption of organic molecules the heat is liberated which is called the heat of adsorption and this can be calculated by using the mathematical chemistry and gauss Bonett Theory differential geometry. When the molecules is absorbed on the interacting surfaces of organic molecules the phenomenon is called adsorptionThe physico-chemical properties of organic molecules depends on the nature of catalytic surfaces of organic molecules. The importance of this methods used in the study of bio-chemical reaction and catalytic reaction proceed on the surfaces of organic molecules.
Robotis Can Create Numerical Inverse Kinematic Problems Because Continuously Replace Humans
Authors: - Mr D RAJENDRA , - Dr.J.KATYAYANI
Published: February 2024

Robotic process automation is an smart way to manage work across those machines which AI can easily be categorize. Robot Automation is a sequence of steps that gives result in a meaningful action without interference of human being. robotics, design, construction, and use of machines (robots) to perform tasks done traditionally by human beings. Robots are widely used in such industries as automobile manufacture to perform simple repetitive tasks, and in industries where work must be performed in environments hazardous to humans. Medical robotics is an interdisciplinary field that focuses on developing electromechanical devices for clinical applications. The goal of this field is to enable new medical techniques by providing new capabilities to the physician or by providing assistance during surgical procedures. robotics is revolutionizing the future of work in a variety of industries. From manufacturing and logistics to healthcare and education, robots are improving efficiency, productivity, and safety. The application of the inverse kinematics method will herald a new approach in the robot nondestructive testing industry. Meanwhile, complicated matrix operations greatly limit traditional inverse kinematics methods.
Breeding bird inventory of Petroglyph National Monument, with special emphasis on species associated with rocky escarpment habitat
Authors: Jones Harrison , Walter Chanteil , Cox Emma , Schofield Lynn , Johnson Matthew , Calvo Christopher
Published: February 2024

Petroglyph National Monument, located in Albuquerque, New Mexico, hosts numerous bird communities. In 2019, a Visitor Use Management Plan formalized a sustainable trail system to manage public access and use on the monument?s trails. This necessitates an understanding of how trails will impact birds along a 27-kilometer-long rocky escarpment, which may provide nesting habitat for raptors and habitat-specialist songbirds. Continued urban expansion around the monument?s boundaries and climate change are additionally likely to impact bird populations. We therefore used (1) point-count surveys to inventory breeding birds across the full extent of the monument and (2) area searches to understand if proposed escarpment trail-crossing locations would affect nesting habitat. We conducted 196 point-count surveys and 15 area searches, detecting 57 species in over 1200 detections; using these data, we estimated breeding densities for nine species. We found distinct bird communities in grassland, shrubland, and rocky escarpment habitat, and at least 27 species of open-habitat and pinyon-juniper passage migrants. However, suburban expansion showed pronounced effects on bird spatial distributions: non-native and generalist species were most common near the suburban boundary, while grassland-specialist species showed an aversion to non-grassland edges. We found no evidence of raptor breeding behavior during area searches, likely because the nearby riparian corridor provides superior nesting habitat, and many areas of the escarpment are subject to high human disturbance. The proposed trail network will likely reduce the negative impacts of social trails on breeding birds and is unlikely to significantly affect raptor and songbird nesting habitat on the escarpment.
Percepciones docentes respecto a la innovación para desarrollar habilidades musicales en estudiantes peruanos
Authors:   FACULTAD DE HUMANIDADES, UNIVERSIDAD SANTO TORIBIO DE MOGROVEJO, Chiclayo, Perú, León Jibaja Allyson Armando , Aponte León Elvis Manuel ,   ACULTAD DE HUMANIDADES, UNIVERSIDAD SANTO TORIBIO DE MOGROVEJO, Chiclayo, Perú, Carrasco Lucero Dario ,   ACULTAD DE HUMANIDADES, UNIVERSIDAD SANTO TORIBIO DE MOGROVEJO, Chiclayo, Perú
Published: February 2024

La presente investigación se enfoca en el análisis de las percepciones docentes sobre la innovación en el desarrollo de habilidades musicales en estudiantes de primer ciclo de una Escuela Superior de Formación Artística Pública. Utilizando entrevistas a profundidad como método principal, este estudio explora dos categorías fundamentales: habilidades musicales e innovación. La información se obtuvo de cuatro docentes y se complementó con una exhaustiva revisión bibliográfica para contrastar los datos. Los resultados revelan que las percepciones de los docentes sobre el desarrollo de habilidades musicales en futuros profesionales de la música no solo están bien fundamentadas teóricamente, sino que también destacan la integración de prácticas innovadoras en su enseñanza para alcanzar el perfil deseado de egresado.
Peran Sektor Pertanian terhadap Penurunan Jumlah Penduduk Miskin di Provinsi Aceh
Authors: Furqansyah M. Danil , Zahara Silvia
Published: February 2024

Sektor pertanian merupakan sektor yang berperan penting dalam perekonomian di Provinsi Aceh. Sekitar 40,5% mayoritas penduduk Provinsi Aceh bekerja pada pada sektor pertanian dan sekitar 58,8% rumah tangga miskin mengandalkan pertanian sebagai sumber pendapatan utamanya. Oleh karena itu, tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk menganalisis keeratan hubungan sektor pertanian terhadap tingkat kemiskinan di Provinsi Aceh. Dalam penenlitian ini digunakan data sekunder meliputi data Produk Domestik Regional Bruto (PDRB) sektor pertanian menurut lapangan usaha (milyar rupiah) dan data jumlah penduduk miskin (ribu jiwa) selama tahun 2010 – 2020. Untuk melihat keeratan hubungan (korelasi) antar variabel penelitian, maka digunakan metode analisis Korelasi Pearson. Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa PDRB sektor pertanian memiliki hubungan yang signifikan dan hubungan korelasinya termasuk dalam kategori yang kuat terhadap penurunan jumlah penduduk miskin Provinsi Aceh (dilihat dari arah hubungan yang negatif).
A Analysis of Time and Cost Optimization in Building Contruction Using Time Cost Trade Off Method
Authors:   Universitas Mangku Wiyata, Nabila Firyaal
Published: February 2024

The construction of both buildings and roads has several success factors. One of the influencing factors is the timely completion of the project and the costs incurred in accordance with the Budget Plan (RAB) that was prepared during planning. Many projects experience problems with delays in completion time, if the project is completed late then they will be subject to fines. So it is necessary to carry out appropriate calculations so that construction implementation can proceed based on the initial planning. For this reason, this research was carried out by analyzing time and cost optimization using one method, namely Time Cost Trade Off, by calculating the fastest implementation time and the minimum costs incurred. The results obtained from this research are that, by increasing the working hours by 1 hour, the project duration is reduced to 106 days and the cost decreases to Rp. 2,722,750,086, 05. Meanwhile, if workers are added equivalent to an additional 1 hour of working hours, the project duration is reduced to 106 days and costs also decrease to Rp. 2,720,684,806.69. For additional working hours of 3 hours, the project duration becomes 59 days and the cost becomes Rp. 2,552,212,214, 71. Meanwhile, if you add workers equivalent to adding 3 hours of work, the project duration will be 59 days, but the cost will decrease to Rp. 2,545,208,046.33. It can be concluded from this research that by speeding up the project completion time, total costs will decrease and it is most efficient to increase labor rather than increase working hours (overtime). This is done so that the project does not experience delays and incur fines.
Analysis of Parkir Area Requirements at Universitas Internasional Batam
Authors:   Universitas Internasional Batam, Adam Apis Indica , Sari Yusra Aulia ,   Universitas Internasional Batam
Published: February 2024

The significant increase in the number of students at Batam International University. Along with the increase in good accreditation in all faculties, Batam Internasional University has become one of the campuses that is of interest to the community, especially the people of Batam city. This causes density to continue to increase, especially in campus parking areas. The method used is observation of research objects and secondary data collection from the campus. There are parking characteristics consisting of the number of vehicles on two-wheeled vehicles totaling 896 motorbikes, average duration = 0.25 hours, parking index = 62%, parking space requirement = 56 SRP, estimated land area = Â±1440 . With that, the land area required is 1344 and has reached the excisting area. In the charasteristics of class I car vehicles, it was found the number of incoming vehicles was 702, average duration = 0.18 hours, parking index = 18.84%, parking space requirement = 31 SRP, estimated land area = Â±3726 . With that, the land area required is 8073 and does not yet meet the available area.
A Comparison of Reinforcement Planning for Basement Wall Shelter Based on SS EN 1990: 2008 (2015) with Technical Requirements for Household Shelter 2023
Authors:   Universitas Internasional Batam, Nikmah Fenia Hayatun , Hayadi Umar Usmanul ,   Universitas Internasional Batam
Published: February 2024

Singapore is an example that applies the concept of household housing, namely buildings that are used as evacuation places. One of the buildings that applies the household residential concept is a detached type of residential house with a basement located at 102 Jalan Langgar Bedok, Bedok Planning Area, Singapore in an HDB housing block. The technical guidebook used as a guideline for building household shelters is "2023 Household Shelter Technical Requirements". The aim of this research is to compare household reinforcement shelter planning based on SS EN 1990: 2008 (2015) with the 2023 Household Shelter Technical Requirements. The method used in this research is a quantitative method using secondary data, namely the dimensions of the household shelter building and the results on-site survey. The results of this research show that when planning reinforcement using SS EN 1990: 2008 (2015), the diameter of the reinforcement used is larger, namely H16-100, compared to the 2023 Household Shelter Technical Requirements guidebook, namely H10-100. This is because the walls of household shelters are also used as basement walls.
Geoelectric Method for Groundwater Identification in Pangkalarang
Authors:   Universitas Muhammadiyah Bangka Belitung, Tresna Wiati Irene , Wahyuningsih Eka ,   Universitas Muhammadiyah Bangka Belitung
Published: February 2024

Meeting the need for clean water is one of the supporting conditions for creating good public health. Clean water can be obtained from several sources, including ground water, river water, dug well water, and so on. Likewise, people in the Pangkalarang area are experiencing a clean water crisis. They have difficulty getting clean water and can only rely on dug well water which is brownish red in color, similar to tea water and has a slight metallic smell. And of course this water is not suitable for consumption and can only be used for watering plants, washing clothes and bathing. The condition of clean water may be influenced by the condition of the Pangkalarang area which has swamps and is a coastal area, so it is possible that water pollution from dug wells may occur. The Pangkalarang area has a source of clean water in the form of groundwater whose existence needs to be known to make it easier for the community to determine the position of the drilled well. Therefore, researchers consider it necessary to investigate the existence of groundwater which is a source of clean water using Geoelectric methods in the Pangkalarang area. This Geoelectric method uses a Schlumberger electrode configuration to obtain information on the position and depth of the aquifer. This electrode configuration has the advantage of good vertical resolution so that it can represent groundwater depth conditions in detail along with information on the types of silt or rock layers in or around the aquifer. The results of observations and research data processing using IPI2Win software show that there is a very Geoelectric point position that can be used as a reference for determining the drilled well point, namely at a depth of 87 m it is estimated that water can be found, but it is still very likely to be mixed with sea water. Therefore, researchers recommend that groundwater drilling be carried out to a depth of 87 - 164 meters.
Performance Analysis of Signalized Intersections on Jalan Trunojoyo - Jalan Teja Pamekasan Using The 2014 PKJI Method
Authors:   Universitas Madura, Fairus Fairus Zabadi , Yuwana Wahyu ,   Universitas Madura
Published: February 2024

Pamekasan is one of the districts currently developing on Madura Island. This is characterized by a strategic location and also being the center of the crowd. The aim of this research is to determine the performance of signalized intersections on Jalan Trunojoyo - Jalan Teja Pamekasan as well as alternatives for dealing with problems at these intersections using the PKJI 2014 method. This method is used to determine the performance of signalized intersections, namely capacity, queue length, delays and degree of saturation. From the results of the analysis and calculation of the capacity value on Jalan Trunojoyo it is 1789.18 cur/hour while on Jalan Teja it is 227.31 cur/hour, from the results of the analysis and calculation the value of the queue length on Jalan Trunojoyo is 4.9m while on Jalan Teja it is 3.4m. The results of the analysis and calculation of the delay value on Jalan Trunojoyo are 2.72 seconds/cur while on Jalan Teja it is 24.2 seconds/cur, from the results of the analysis and calculation of the value of the degree of saturation on Jalan Trunojoyo it is 0.36 while on Jalan Teja it is 0.36. The alternative is to change the two phases of the road from the south of Trunojoyo and from the west of Teja during peak hours so as to reduce congestion and delays that occur on the road.
The Role of Hypoxia Inducible Factor (HIF) 1α in the Pathogenesis of Liver Cirrhosis: A Narrative Literature Review
Authors: Sari Anita Revera , Suyata
Published: February 2024

The small changes in oxygen tension that occur during viral hepatitis, metabolic disorders, steatohepatitis, inflammation, and carcinogenesis are sufficient to increase hypoxic response, namely an increase in HIF. HIF is a protein that belongs to the PAS (period circadian protein-aryl hydrocarbon receptor nuclear translocator-single-minded protein) family. HIF regulates the adaptation of cells to oxygen. HIF is a transcription factor containing α and β subunits. The expression of the α subunit is oxygen-dependent, while the β subunit is expressed continuously and independently of oxygen. HIFs regulate various signaling events by binding to specific DNA sequences known as hypoxia response elements (HREs) in target genes, leading to an increase or decrease in their transcription. HIF-1α is a key regulator of hypoxia signaling.
Pengaruh Kinerja Keuangan dan Kinerja Lingkungan terhadap Penerapan Green Accounting
Authors: Dianty Astari , Yulistian Serly
Published: February 2024

Permasalahan lingkungan hidup sengaja maupun tidak disengaja disebabkan oleh kegiatan yang tidak memperhatikan keberlanjutan lingkungan. Perusahaan yang tidak memperhatikan keberlanjutan lingkungan akan berdampak pada kerusakan lingkungan, tetapi juga mempengaruhi keuangan perusahaan karena perusahaan yang tidak mengelola lingkungan dengan baik, maka perusahaan juga harus mengeluarkan biaya untuk memperbaiki lingkungan. Penelitian ini memiliki tujuan untuk mengetahui keterkaitan antara pengaruh Kinerja Keuangan dan Kinerja Lingkungan terhadap penerapan Green Accounting secara parsial maupun simultan yang terjadi pada perusahaan sektor pertambangan. Penentuan sampel menggunakan teknik purposive sampling. Peneliti mengambil sampel penelitian pada periode 2018 - 2022 dengan jumlah observasi sebanyak 50 pada perusahaan pertambangan yang terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia. Teknik pengujian data menggunakan Analisis Statistik Deskriptif, Uji Multikolinearitas, Analisis Regresi Logistik Biner, Uji Hipotesis. Hasil pengujian secara parsial menunjukkan bahwa Kinerja Keuangan berpengaruh terhadap penerapan Green Accounting, sedangkan Kinerja Lingkungan tidak berpengaruh terhadap penerapan Green Accounting. Hasil pengujian secara simultan menunjukkan bahwa Kinerja Keuangan dan Kinerja Lingkungan secara bersama-sama berpengaruh terhadap penerapan Green Accounting.
Fabrication of a Sustainable Biodegradable Packaging Alternative for the Fashion Industry from Banana Waste
Authors: Musombi Stephanie Kobehlo , Wanduara Mercy , Kisato Jacqueline
Published: February 2024

Packaging has both functional and aesthetic purposes. Kenya requires more sustainable biodegradable packaging options after a plastic ban was introduced in 2017 affecting numerous industries such as fashion. Banana stems and peels are part of the waste produced in Kenyan farms, suggested for the construction of biodegradable paper packaging material for the fashion industry. The objectives of this study were: to extract banana stem (BS) fibres using a decorticating machine; pulp the BS fibres using banana peel lye (KOH); and construct samples of paper packaging material from the pulp treated with KOH. The research design for this study was experimental. Kiganda banana stems collected from Kisii County were used in this study. The paper packaging material was constructed by pulping the BS using the KOH as a delignification reagent and then converting the pulp to paper by mounting it on mesh frames to dry. The findings reveal that in BS fibre extraction, decorticating one banana stem takes 10 minutes yielding 105 g of dry BS fibre. It also revealed that the handmade paper-making process takes 8 hours and 12 minutes including drying time to create an A4 size paper with the majority of the time (8 hours) being used for drying. The yield from the KOH pulped BS fibre was determined to be 68%. It was clear from the findings that KOH is comparable to commercial industrial alkalis like Sodium Hydroxide (NaOH) as a delignification reagent for BS fibres as it yields much pulp which produces good packaging material. Part of the recommendations for further research include the exploration of an industrially scaled paper-making process by the paper packaging manufacturing industry using KOH to pulp BS fibres. It is also suggested that research be done on using non-decorticated stems and varied concentrations of KOH to establish the most economical method
Spectrum, Pattern and Outcome of Trauma patients admitted to Tertiary care hospital in North India
Authors: Mohammad Abdurrahman Khan  , Manisha Verma  , Syed Fiza Mustaqueem  , Anoop Kumar Verma  , Syed Belal Hassan  , Iram Khan
Published: February 2024

Introduction: Trauma is foremost reason behind the mortality and morbidity worldwide among all age groups. Trauma remains the vital public health issues worldwide and is independent of socioeconomic condition of a country. Incidence of trauma is still increasing with increase in incidence of violence, road traffic accident, assault and violence. Trauma will still remain if all medical and surgical diseases are overcome. Aims and Objectives: The aims and objective of our study was to evaluate the spectrum, pattern, mechanism and outcome of trauma patient presenting at tertiary care hospital. Results: Trauma patient visited to tertiary care hospital were 1926 (with 73% male and 27% female). Most common age group was 21-30 years. Most common mechanism of trauma was RTA which include 60% patient followed by fall. Most common site of injury was extremities followed by head and neck injuries. 28% of trauma patient were hospitalized. 66% of hospitalized patients were managed conservatively while 34% of the were managed surgically. 92% of the trauma patients were survived while mortality was only 8%. Conclusions: RTA is most common form of trauma affecting most commonly young male in their third decade of life. Health education and behaviour change among the youngster about trauma may reduce the trauma injuries.
Profile of Autopsy Cases at Government Medical College Kanpur: A Retrospective Study
Authors: Soni Verma
Published: February 2024

Background: The profiling of medico-legal cases is imperative in order to avert preventable casualties in the future and to analyze the authentic crime rate within a specific region. Presently, road traffic accidents are the primary cause of casualties, resulting in numerous fatalities. Objective: The objective is to establish a comprehensive profile of deaths caused by either natural or unnatural factors, thereby enabling us to channel rigorous efforts towards mitigating their occurrence. Materials and Methods: A retrospective analysis was conducted on the mortality cases subjected to medico-legal postmortem examination at the Mortuary, Government Medical College, Kanpur, U.P., India, during the year 2022. Throughout this duration, a total of 2326 autopsy cases were conducted. Results: October had the highest number of autopsy cases. Males accounted for 63.23% of cases, with most falling in the 21-30 age group. Injury-related deaths were the largest proportion (47.36%), followed by natural deaths (19.93%), violent asphyxial deaths (10.48%), thermal injuries (9.89%), and poisoning (9.04%). Conclusion: The analysis reveals that road traffic accidents are the most common cause of death, potentially due to the increased frequency of transportation. Specifically, vehicular accidents resulting in head injuries were the leading cause of death.
Aortic Rupture Due to Blunt Force Trauma: A Case Report
Authors: Pankaj Sahu  , Nikhil Mehta  , Niranjan Kumar Gunjan
Published: February 2024

Background: Aortic rupture is one of the most important life-threatening conditions. Aortic rupture can occur by several causes, including trauma and spontaneous rupture. Case Details: A 62-year-old man was brought for an autopsy examination in a mortuary with a history of road traffic accidents. As per history revealed by the police and relatives, the deceased was a retired army officer and was driving a car. Autopsy Finding: The deceased was an elderly male. On external examination, the deceased sustained multiple reddish abraded contusions over the chest and both sides of the chest. On opening the thorax, the following injuries were present. Fracture of sternum was present at junction of body and manubrium associated with extravasations of blood in surrounding area. Multiple fracture of bilateral ribs associated with extravasations of blood in surrounding area. Discussion: All aortic segments are prone to rupture following sudden blunt trauma. In various studies it is found that 92% of aortic rupture occur at isthmus followed by arch of aorta (4%) followed by ascending aorta (3%).
Knowledge and Practice on Dietary Management among Patients with Gallbladder Diseases
Authors: Sahil George Lal
Published: February 2024

Background: The word “Diet” means the food and drink that we habitually consume did not appear in English until thirteen century, but it also had another sense, meaning “a way of life”. The second meaning is more in line with the word’s origins, as it comes from the Greek “diaita via diaitan”. Diaita was a noun that meant a way of living, and also had a more specific meaning, signifying a way of living as advised by a physician, which could include a “food” diet and other daily habits. The literature is increasing on the dietary management for common gallbladder disease issues. Inappropriate knowledge leads to inappropriate practice of diet which increases the problems in gallbladder disease conditions.Objective: The main objective of the study was to assess the knowledge and practice on dietary management among gallbladder disease patients.Method: A quantitative study based on descriptive research design. Patients were recruited from hospital. 124 patients affected with gallbladder disease were included in the study. Knowledge and practice were assessed by using self structured knowledge questionnaires and practice checklist. Data was analyzed by using a thematic analysis.Results: Poor knowledge and practice were present among the patients regarding dietary management of gallbladder diseases.Conclusion: Patients were having low knowledge regarding dietary management for gallbladder diseases which leads them to poor practice. Although they were aware that proper diets give them proper health but they are unaware with the appropriate diet used during gallbladder disease conditions.
Influences of Mindfulness on Career Exploration Behaviors: Exploration of Mediating Role of Career Worry and Procrastination
Authors: Seongsoo Lee
Published: February 2024

Background/Objectives: The purpose of this study is to investigate whether the effects of mindfulness on career exploration behaviors are mediated by personal tendency of career worry and procrastination.Method/Statistical analysis: To accomplish this research purpose, we surveyed four hundred and forty-four students of a university in Asan, Chungnam, Korea. They were asked to indicate their level of mindfulness, career worry, procrastination, and career exploration behaviors on a seven-point Likert-type scale. First, the validities of each measure was examined by performing exploratory factor analysis. Next, mediated moderation analysis was performed using Model 4 of the SPSS Process macro developed by Hayes.Findings: The results of the analysis showed that the direct effect of mindfulness on career exploration behaviors was not significant. And the indirect relationships mediated by career worry and procrastination were significant. Intuitively, mindfulness was expected to have a direct impact on career exploration, but the results of this study did not confirm such an impression. The result of this study can be deduced that mindfulness represents a comprehensive psychological state, while career exploration represents a behavioral state in a limited domain of career.Improvements/Applications: One of the main implications of this study is that college students can improve their career exploration behaviors by receiving a mindfulness training program.
A Study on the Hamate Bone Learning Effect Using DICOM Images and 3D Printing
Authors: Hyeong-Gyun Kim  , Hyeong-Gyun Kim
Published: February 2024

Background/Objectives: This study compared the characteristics and the anatomical learning effects of a hamate bone model printed from DICOM images on a 3D printer.Method/Statistical Analysis: After printing a hamate bone model from DICOM images obtained from a wrist joint examination using a 3D printer, this study examined the anatomical understanding of 102 university students in public health departments.Findings: The intuitive awareness and the morphological awareness of the students on the protrusion, front and back of the hamate bone, and 5-way joint contact surfaces which were difficult to identify in conventional 2D and 3D medical images were improved by 60.7% and 58%, respectively.Improvements/Applications: The experiment showed that instrumenting of shape through 3D printing as a knowledge transfer method for students learning anatomy can improve the learning effect.
Various Risk Factors Associated with Severity of Liver Disease in ALD Patients
Authors: Tripti1, Karuna Singh²
Published: February 2024

Introduction: Excessive intake of alcohol becomes a major healthcare issue worldwide with consequencesaffecting socially, economically, and clinically and recorded 3.3 million deaths in 2012 (WHO 2014)29.Heavy drinking over a long period of time damages almost every organ of the body especially liver.Objective: To assess the various risk factors associated with severity of liver disease in ALD patientsMaterial and Method: There were 953 total subjects taken for study. They all were drinking alcohol, out ofwhich 60 were diagnosed as ALD patients and they were further studied for various risk factors responsiblefor progression of ALD.Results: Total 953 males drinking alcohol from minimum five years were studied. Out of the 953 drinkers,60 were ALD patients (various degree of progression). None of the were taking any medicines since last 2months. Anti-HCV and HBsAg were negative in all patients. Various risk factors were studied like averagedaily alcohol intake, duration of drinking, type of alcohol beverage and drinking habits etc. Daily alcoholconsumption higher than 20gm and minimum for 5 yearsfound to be significant with progression of ALD.Itwas also resulted that maximum subjects (38.61%) were drinking hard liquors followed by Beer (30.74%),Multiple alcohol beverage (20.25%) and wine (10.38%). 87.82% of the total subjects were drinking alcoholat meal time or with meals and the daily alcohol intake was significantly lower than that of the alcoholconsumed at any time (means with and without meals) (p<0.05).Conclusion: The analyzed data highlights that ALD is a major and chronic health condition resulting fromvarious risk factorswhich can be preventable.
Self-Confidence upon Nursery Children in Al-Mahaweel with some Variables at the Babylon City
Authors: Abdulmahdi A. Hasan
Published: February 2024

This study is a descriptive study to assess the level of self-confidence in kindergartens in Babylon . Thestudy sample included 50 children with (30) male and (20) female This study was conducted in the provinceof Babylon in the Mahaweel district – the Imam City in the kindergarten Masoudi for the semester 2016-2017 , The sample collection period was extended from December 2016 to January 2017. Design of thestudy : Descriptive study , setting of the study : The study was conducted in the province of Babylon in theMahaweel district , Time of the study : The Semester 2016 - 2017 , the sample of study : The sample wasselected in Al-Masoudi kindergarten in Al-Imam district , The study consisted of (50) children, males (30)and females (20). The results of the study showed a difference in the level of self confidence in childrenthrough the results of questionnaires, which were based on four fields : motor skills, self-reliance, socialskills and physical appearance and included the age of children and level of education for the father andmother.
Perceptions of Child Abuse among the Undergraduate Students in Korea
Authors: Misoon Jeon
Published: February 2024

This study was conducted to analyze the level of perceptions of child by college students. The data wascollected from 200 undergraduate students in B universities located in Chungnam by structural questionnairefrom May to June, 2017. Parent-Child Conflicative Tactics Scales (CTSPC) developed by Straus was used tounderstand the perception of child abuse by college students. Data were analyzed using SPSS 18.0. The resultsshow that the average score for child abuse among undergraduate students were 0.81 of 1, respectively. Amongthe sub-domains of child abuse, physical abuse was 0.89, violent discipline was 0.78, neglect was 0.63, andemotional abuse was 0.44 of 1. And there was significant differences in the perceptions of child abuse amongthe department (F=7.009, p<.001) and the grade (F=5.676, p=.001). There was significant differences in theperceptions of child abuse among the willingness to report child abuse (t=2.102, p=.037). Therefore, It isnecessary to develop education programs to prevent of child abuse and respect for human beings.
The Effect of Kinder Therapy on Improvement of Teachers’ Interaction of Toddlers’ Problem Behavior
Authors: Minkyeong Kim
Published: February 2024

The purpose of this study was to develop kinder teacher treatment play therapy for kindergarten children.SPSS version 22.0 for Windows was used for data analysis to develop kinder teacher treatment play therapyfor kindergarten children. Among nonparametric statistical methods, the Mann-Whitney U Test and theWilcoxon Singed-Rank Test were conducted. The results of this study are summarized as follows. Kindertherapy had a positive effect on the improvement of teachers’ interaction. The difference between the pretestand the posttest showed that their positive and permissive interactions improved and that their punitive anddetached interactions decreased. This study shows that it is difficult to generalize the result by participationby a small number of people, but it is proved that kinder therapy is effective in improving teacher interactionability and reducing kinder’s problem behavior in a childcare center.
The Role of Cytomegalovirus (CMV) and Vitamin D in Multiple Sclerosis (MS).
Authors: Juman Khaleel Al-Sabbagh
Published: February 2024

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is one of the autoimmune demyelinating diseases involved in the central nervous system (CNS) and its etiological factors believed to be both environmental and genetic factors . The disease affected brain and spinal cord with various characteristic involved defect of myelination , chronic inflammation , pathological effect on axon and oligodendrocyte . The herpesvirus family is play a vital role in pathogenicity of disease . Cytomegalovirus (CMV) from these family members which detected to have a role in MS and our results investigated a significant relation of CMV with MS between patients and controls . Besides a previous data which approved the effect of the level of vitamin D on MS development and modifications in patients . In this study the results achieve significant differences in the levels of vitamin D between the two groups under study .
Estimation of Serum Lipid Profile among Pre and Post-Menopausal Women in Baghdad City
Authors: Athraa Fouad Kadhuim
Published: February 2024

This study aimed to determine the lipid profile concentration in the sera of women before and after the menopausal age in Baghdad city, since it is one of the main causes of cardiovascular diseases. The study included 100 women (40 premenopausal women with their ages ranged between (25-45 years) and 60 postmenopausal women with their ages ranged between (50-65 years). Blood samples were collected and total serum cholesterol (TC), S. triglycerides (TG), S. high density lipoprotein (HDL),S. low density lipoprotein (LDL) and S. very low density lipoprotein (VLDL) were measured. The results showed no significant difference (P>0.05) in the level of total cholesterol (TC) between the two groups of women, while there was a statistically significant increase (P<0.05) in the level of serum triglyceride (TG) in postmenopausal women (144.32±43.16) mg/dl when comparison with premenopausal women (101.92±32.44) mg/dl, and a significant decrease (P<0.05) in HDL level in postmenopausal women (33.56±10.65) mg/dl when compared with premenopausal women (43.13±14.23) mg/dl. The results of LDL level also showed a significant increase (P<0.05) in postmenopausal women (107.57±21.28) mg/dl when compared with premenopausal women (77.23±30.40) mg/dl, and a significant increase (P<0.05) in VLDL level in postmenopausal women (31.86±8.16) mg/dl when compared with premenopausal women (21.32±7.12) mg/dl.
The Relation between Psychological Empowerment and Job Satisfaction among Nurses
Authors: Rifaie Yaseen Hameed Al-Hussein
Published: February 2024

Background- Empowering employees is an essential factor to reduce workplace stress, whereas its role in enhancing job satisfaction among employees is through perceived job obligation, and reducing stress. Aim- The present study endeavored to determine the relationship between Psychological Empowerment and Job Satisfaction among nurses. Methods and Materials- Cross-sectional, descriptive and correlational study design carried out for a period from 5th of September/2017 till 30th of May/2018 at five hospitals in Mosul/Iraq. Non-probability sampling technique and accidental sampling method were depended to select (317) nurse as a sample of the study. An interview was the method through which data were gathered. Two instruments were used to collect data; Psychological Empowerment questionnaire “PE”, and Minnesota Job Satisfaction questionnaire “JS”. Mean, Standard deviation and stepwise regression analysis were used to present the findings of the study. Findings- Total Psychological Empowerment and Total Job Satisfaction and their domains had an acceptable level, from another side, Total Psychological Empowerment and its domains had significant relations with Total Job Satisfaction and its domains
The Effect of Parenting Attitudes and Major Satisfaction on Career Decision Making Self-Efficacy in undergraduate Students
Authors: Kyung Sook Kim
Published: February 2024

Background/Objectives: The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of parental attitude and major satisfaction on the career decision making self-efficacy.Methods/Statistical analysis: The subjects were students from N university. The instruments were used structured questionnaires for major satisfaction, parental attitude, and career decision making self-efficacy. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, and hierarchical regression.Findings: The mean scores of career decision making self-efficacy, major satisfaction were 2.82±0.43, 3.03±0.52 points respectively. As a results of regression analysis, age and major satisfaction were statistically significant factors. Of the variables added in Model 3, only the achievement oriented was a significant factor affecting career decision making efficacy.Improvements/Applications: Based on the results of this study, achievement-oriented parenting attitudes are needed at home to enhance career decision-making self-efficacy of college students, and career counseling should be done considering major satisfaction.
Self-efficacy Mediating Effect in Health Communication Campaign
Authors: Jin-Woo Lee
Published: February 2024

Background/Objectives: This study reflects the unique characteristics of health communication, which is basically based on interactive interactions, and communicates the effects of unintended communication stress and self-efficacy.Method/Statistical Analysis: The subjects were 295 male and female students attending four-year colleges. Of the 295 respondents, 161 males accounted for 54.6% of the total, and did not focus on specific genders. The mean age was 24.3 year for men and 22.6 years for women. And also for the self- efficacy mediation effect, in Baron and Kenny (1986), the mediation effect was verified through three regression analysis.Findings: This study is the unintended negative effect that occurs in the health communication campaign. In this relationship between the health communication stress and the effect of the health communication campaign, the stress of the health communication campaign depends on the importance of the stress situation and the control ability. The effects of the health communication campaign appear differently depending on how large the self-efficacy is felt. As the self-efficacy of health communication campaign stress increased, the negative effect of health communication campaign stress on the health communication campaign effect was expected to be smaller. However, the expectation that self-efficacy would play a moderating role in the relationship between health communication campaign stress and health communication campaign effect was not supported but rather mediated. The greater the stress of the health communication campaign, the smaller the effectiveness of the health communication campaign was expected to be.The regression analysis showed that the health communication stress had a negative effect on the goodwill of the health communication campaign.Improvements/Applications: The purpose of study is to identify the role of self-efficacy in health campaign stress and to reduce the health campaign stress when it becomes a health campaign.
Study on Minimum Transmission Dose for Establishing X-Ray Imaging
Authors: Sinyoung Yu
Published: February 2024

Background/Objectives: When acquiring medical images using X-ray, optimal medical imaging quality must be achieved with minimal exposure of the x-ray generator.Method/Statistical Analysis: The experiment was conducted based on the exposure conditions that are mainly used in the clinic. The exposure conditions of Hand, Skull, and Chest examinations were determined as the test subjects, and X-Rays were exposed to each partial phantom. The original data was obtained by exposing X-Rays three times for each phantom, and the values of the pixels were analyzed using the Image J program.Findings: As the transmitted dose increased, the pixel value increased in proportion to the average intensity. As the X-ray exposure conditions were reduced, the maximum, minimum, and average values of the entire pixel were lowered. In step 1, which is the basic exposure condition of Hand, the average value of all pixels was reduced from 818.311 in step 5, which was the lowest exposure condition. Similar reductions were observed in the skull and chest exposure. When the pixel value is viewed as the transmitted dose value, it is confirmed that the pixel value of the image reflects the transmitted dose value. Signal-to-noise ratios varied with exposure conditions.Improvements/Applications: These results alone made it difficult to find the optimal transmission dose for making images. Additional measurements of the doses exposed at each step will yield better results. Later we will continue to study through more diverse and accurate experiments.
The factors affecting on Turnover Intention of Nurses
Authors: Sung-Ja Yoon
Published: February 2024

Background/Objectives: Many medical institutions are struggling with nurse turnover rate which is increasing. Therefore, in this study, factors that affect the turnover intention of nurses was attempted to identify.Method/Statistical Analysis: The study was conducted to 250 nurses working at general hospitals with more than 500 sickbeds located in Seoul from Feb 1 to Feb 28, 2019. The general characteristics of the subjects and the reasons for turnover were calculated by frequency and percentage, and the factors affecting turnover were acquired from the mean and standard deviation. A logistic regression analysis was conducted to identify the factors affecting turnover.Findings: In terms of the number of turnovers, 58.1% was 1 time, 29.0% was 2 times, 9.7% was 3 times, and 3.2% was 4 times. For the question of whether there is a turnover intention, 42.9% answered ‘yes’ and 57.1% answered ‘no’, and the side with the answer ‘no’ was higher. Reasons for turnover by logistic regression analysis showed a significant difference in the 20s, single, 4-6 years of career nurses, adequacy of pay, and shift work. This shows a desire that nurses who are free from family members, who have a basic career and can easily access despite turnover into any hospital organization, and can build their careers, hope to receive proper pay they expect, and hope to work in the day time on weekdays free of physical physiological difficulties caused by shift work.Improvements/Applications: The factors affecting the turnover intention of hospital nurses need to be made at the level of the hospital organization as well as the efforts of the nursing department.