bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Benmelstobart plus anlotinib in patients with EGFR-positive advanced NSCLC after failure of EGFR TKIs therapy: a phase I/II study
Authors: Shi Meiqi , Chen Ping , Cui Bin , Yao Yuanhu , Wang Juanyi , Zhou Tong , Wang Li
Published: October 2024

The effect of immune‐based therapies on patients with epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)-positive advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) resistant to EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) therapy remains unclear. The ALTER-L038 study aimed to evaluate efficacy and safety of a chemotherapy-free combination of benmelstobart, an anti-programmed cell death ligand 1 antibody, and anlotinib, a small-molecule multi-target anti-angiogenic TKI, in EGFR-positive advanced NSCLC patients who progressed after EGFR TKI therapy. Patients were enrolled in a phase I/II study. In phase I (dose-escalation), patients received anlotinib (8, 10, 12 mg) plus benmelstobart (1200 mg). Recommended phase II dose, determined during phase I, was used in phase II dose-expansion cohort. Primary endpoints were maximum tolerable dose in phase I and progression-free survival (PFS) in phase II. At the data cutoff date (March 10, 2024), 55 patients were enrolled in phase II dose-expansion cohort. Median PFS of patients included in phase II cohort was 9.0 months, median overall survival was 28.9 months, objective response rate was 25.5%, disease control rate was 87.3%, and median duration of response was 19.8 months. Incidence of grade ≥3 treatment-related adverse events in study population was 25.5% (14/55), whereas grade ≥3 immune-related adverse events occurred in 10.9% (6/55) of patients. Benmelstobart plus anlotinib showed promising anti-tumor efficacy with tolerable safety profile, supporting the value of further development of this convenient chemotherapy-free regimen for patients with EGFR-positive advanced NSCLC who progressed after EGFR TKI therapy. Trial Registration: ChiCTR1900026273.
A Synthetic Dataset for Semantic Segmentation of Waterbodies in Out-of-Distribution Situations
Authors: Ioannou Eleftherios , Thalatam Sainath , Georgescu Serban
Published: October 2024

In the past decade, substantial global efforts have been devoted to the development of reliable and efficient solutions for early flood warning and monitoring. One of the most common strategies for tackling this challenge involves the application of computer vision techniques to images obtained from the numerous surveillance cameras present in urban settings today. While there are various datasets available for training and testing these techniques, none of them specifically addresses the issue of out-of-distribution (OoD) behavior. This issue becomes particularly critical when evaluating the reliability of these methods under challenging environmental conditions. Our work stands as the first attempt to bridge this gap by introducing a new, highly controlled synthetic dataset that encompasses the essential attributes required for analyzing OoD behavior. The very high correlation between the accuracy of artificial intelligence (AI) models trained on our synthetic dataset and models trained on real-world data proves our dataset’s ability to predict real-world OoD behavior reliably.
Multiple objectives optimization of injection-moulding process for dashboard using soft computing and particle swarm optimization
Authors: Moayyedian Mehdi , Qazani Mohammad Reza Chalak , Amirkhizi Parisa Jourabchi , Asadi Houshyar , Hedayati-Dezfooli Mohsen
Published: October 2024

This research focuses on utilizing injection moulding to assess defects in plastic products, including sink marks, shrinkage, and warpages. Process parameters, such as pure cooling time, mould temperature, melt temperature, and pressure holding time, are carefully selected for investigation. A full factorial design of experiments is employed to identify optimal settings. These parameters significantly affect the physical and mechanical properties of the final product. Soft computing methods, such as finite element (FE), help mitigate behaviour by considering different input parameters. A CAD model of a dashboard component integrates into an FE simulation to quantify shrinkage, warpage, and sink marks. Four chosen parameters of the injection moulding machine undergo comprehensive experimental design. Decision tree, multilayer perceptron, long short-term memory, and gated recurrent units models are explored for injection moulding process modelling. The best model estimates defects. Multiple objectives particle swarm optimisation extracts optimal process parameters. The proposed method is implemented in MATLAB, providing 18 optimal solutions based on the extracted Pareto-Front.
A deep investigation of the poorly studied open cluster King 18 using CCD VRI, Gaia DR3 and 2MASS
Authors: Ahmed Nasser M. , Bendary R. , Samir R. M. , Elhosseiny E. G.
Published: October 2024

In this paper, we re-estimate the astrometric and photometric parameters of the young open star cluster King 18 based on Gaia Data Release 3 (DR3), Two Micron All-sky Survey (2MASS) and VRI CCD observations using the f/4.9 Newtonian focus of 74-inch telescope at Kottamia Astronomical Observatory (KAO) in Egypt. King 18 is a poorly studied open star cluster, for which new results are found in the current study. In order to estimate the membership and determine all the astrophysical parameters of the cluster, we have used data from Gaia DR3 and KAO. The center, cluster radius, radial density distribution, color-magnitude diagrams, distance, age, and reddening of King 18 are calculated. Also, the luminosity and mass functions, the total mass and the relaxation time of the cluster are estimated. The slope value of the mass function ($$\alpha $$
α
) of King 18 is found to be 2.27± 0.17, which is comparable with Salpeter value. Our estimates for the average cluster age and the relaxation time are 224 ± 6.3 and 28.92 Myrs, respectively. This indicates that King 18 is dynamically stable and a relaxed cluster. The cluster distance modulus from Gaia, 2Mass and VRI observations has been determined to be 12.380 ± 1.320, 12.320 ± 0.107 and 12.280 ± 0.290 mag respectively, which corresponds to distances of 2992.26, 2910.72 and 2857.59 pc, respectively. These results are in good agreement within the error. Moreover the color excesses E(V–I), E(J–$$\hbox {K}_s$$

K
s

) and E($$\hbox {G}_{{BP}}$$

G

BP

–$$\hbox {G}_{{RP}}$$

G

RP

) are 0.850 ± 0.087, 0.380 ± 0.091 and 0.980 ± 0.130 respectively. Finally, the proper motions ($$\mu _{\alpha }$$

μ
α

cos$$\delta $$
δ
, $$\mu _{\delta }$$

μ
δ

), and parallaxes ($$\varpi $$
ϖ
) are $$-2.603 \pm 0.018$$

-
2.603
±
0.018

, $$-2.106 \pm 0.013$$

-
2.106
±
0.013

and 0.324 ± 0.040, respectively.
Increased efficiency of peripheral nerve regeneration using supercritical carbon dioxide-based decellularization in acellular nerve graft
Authors: Choi Soon Jin , Han Jeonghun , Shin Young Ho , Kim Jae Kwang
Published: October 2024

Acellular nerve grafts (ANGs) are a promising therapeutic for patients with nerve defects caused by injuries. Conventional decellularization methods utilize a variety of detergents and enzymes. However, these methods have disadvantages, such as long processing times and the presence of detergents that remain on the graft. In this study, we aimed to reduce process time and minimize the risks associated with residual detergents by replacing them with supercritical carbon dioxide (scCO2) and compared the effectiveness to Hudson’s decellularization method, which uses several detergents. The dsDNA and the expression of MHC1 and 2 were significantly reduced in both decellularized groups, which confirmed the effective removal of cellular debris. The extracellular matrix proteins and various factors were found to be better preserved in the scCO2 ANGs compared to the detergent-ANGs. We conducted behavioral tests and histological analyses to assess the impact of scCO2 ANGs on peripheral nerve regeneration in animal models. Compared with Hudson’s method, the scCO2 method effectively improved the efficacy of peripheral nerve regeneration. Therefore, the decellularization method using scCO2 is not only beneficial for ANG synthesis, but it may also be helpful for therapeutics by enhancing the efficacy of peripheral nerve regeneration.
Racial disparities in Phase 1 COVID-19 vaccine shipments to Neighborhood sites in Pennsylvania by the Federal Retail Pharmacy Program
Authors: Holtzman Geoffrey S. , Yang Yukun , Louis Pierce , West Stephen G. , Kandaswamy Piranavakumar
Published: October 2024

Early racial disparities in COVID-19 vaccination rates have been attributed primarily to personal vaccine attitudes and behavior. Little attention has been paid to the possibility that inequitable vaccine distribution may have contributed to racial disparities in vaccine uptake when supplies were most scarce. We test the hypothesis that scarce vaccines were distributed inequitably using the shipping addresses of 385,930 COVID-19 vaccine doses distributed in the first 17 weeks of Pennsylvania’s Phase 1 rollout (December 14, 2020 through April 12, 2021). All shipments we analyze were allocated via the Federal Retail Pharmacy Program, a public-private partnership coordinated by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.

Overall, White people had an average of 81.4% more retail pharmacy program doses shipped to their neighborhoods than did Black people. Regression models reveal that weekly vaccine allocations determined by pharmacy chains—rather than initial shipment and administration site decisions requiring state and federal approval—drove these effects. All findings remained consistent after controlling for neighborhood differences in income, population density, insurance coverage, number of pharmacies, and other social determinants of health.

Our findings suggest that the private distribution of scarce public resources should be assessed for racial impact, regulated as public resources, and monitored continuously.
Mitigation of radiation-induced jejunum injuries in rats through modulation of the p53-miR34a axis using etoricoxib-loaded nanostructured lipid carriers
Authors: Hamed Noha Sayed , Khateeb Sahar , Elfouly Shady A. , Tolba Amina M. A. , Hassan Amal I.
Published: October 2024

The most widely used cancer therapy is radiation therapy, but radiation damage to healthy tissues, particularly the gastrointestinal (GI) system, frequently reduces its effectiveness. This study investigates whether etoricoxib-loaded nanostructured lipid carriers (Et-NLC) could help shield the rat jejunum from radiation damage. Gamma irradiation (6 Gy) was used to damage the jejunum of Wistar albino rats, and then Et or Et-NLC (10 mg/kg b.w.) was administered orally for 14 days. It was found that the amounts of glutathione S-transferase (GST), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and nitric oxide (NO) decreased after irradiation but increased after Et-NLC therapy. Molecular analysis showed radiation-induced expression of microRNA-34a (miR34a), which may be involved in cellular stress response. Et-NLC treatments modulated the expression of miR34a, suggesting possible regulatory roles. Western blot analysis revealed changes in P53, interleukin-6 (IL-6), interleukin-10 (IL-10), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) levels. Et-NLC treatments decreased TNF-α, IL-6, IL-10, and COX-2 levels, indicating anti-inflammatory actions. DNA fragmentation analysis revealed a decrease in apoptotic activity after Et-NLC treatments. A histopathological examination confirmed that Et-NLC treatments had attenuated radiation damage, which had improved vascularization and reduced inflammation. The findings show that Et-NLC is more effective than Et-alone at reducing damage to the jejunum caused by radiation by controlling inflammation, oxidative stress, and apoptotic activity.
Dimensionless fluctuations balance applied to statistics and quantum physics
Authors: Oliveira Marceliano , Valadares George , Rodrigues Francisco , Freire Márcio
Published: October 2024

This work presents a new method called Dimensionless Fluctuation Balance (DFB), which makes it possible to obtain distributions as solutions of Partial Differential Equations (PDEs). In the first case study, DFB was applied to obtain the Boltzmann PDE, whose solution is a distribution for Boltzmann gas. Following, the Planck photon gas in the Radiation Law, Fermi–Dirac, and Bose–Einstein distributions were also verified as solutions to the Boltzmann PDE. The first case study demonstrates the importance of the Boltzmann PDE and the DFB method, both introduced in this paper. In the second case study, DFB is applied to thermal and entropy energies, naturally resulting in a PDE of Boltzmann’s entropy law. Finally, in the third case study, quantum effects were considered. So, when applying DFB with Heisenberg uncertainty relations, a Schrödinger case PDE for free particles and its solution were obtained. This allows for the determination of operators linked to Hamiltonian formalism, which is one way to obtain the Schrödinger equation. These results suggest a wide range of applications for this methodology, including Statistical Physics, Schrödinger’s Quantum Mechanics, Thin Films, New Materials Modeling, and Theoretical Physics.
Mild atopic dermatitis is characterized by increase in non-staphylococcus pathobionts and loss of specific species
Authors: Delanghe Lize , De Boeck Ilke , Van Malderen Joke , Allonsius Camille Nina , Van Rillaer Tim , Bron Peter A. , Claes Ingmar , Hagendorens Margo , Lebeer Sarah , Leysen Julie
Published: October 2024

Atopic dermatitis is the most common inflammatory skin condition with a severe negative impact on patients’ quality of life. The etiology of AD is complex and depends on age, genetics, the immune system, environmental factors, and the skin microbiome, with a key role for pathogenic Staphylococcus aureus in the development of severe AD. However, the composition of the skin microbiome in mild AD is understudied. Here, using metagenomic shallow shotgun sequencing, we showed that mild AD lesions did not show a significant difference in the diversity of the skin microbiome compared to samples from non-AD patients and that the relative abundance of S. aureus did not differ in these mild AD lesions. However, when we assessed other taxa, Mycobacterium ostraviense, Pedobacter panaciterrae_A and four Streptomyces species were identified with higher abundances in mild AD lesions and species of 15 genera were decreased in abundance. The highest fold decreases were observed for Paracoccus marcusii, Microbacterium lacticum, Micrococcus luteus, and Moraxella sp002478835. These microbiome compositional insights are a first step towards novel microbiome-based diagnostics and therapeutics for early intervention at the stage of mild AD and provide a path forward for the functional study of species involved in this often-overlooked patient population.
Comparison of snack characteristics by diet quality findings from a nationally representative study of Australian adolescents
Authors: Sisay Binyam Girma , Lacy Kathleen E. , McNaughton Sarah A. , Leech Rebecca M.
Published: October 2024

Snacking is a common dietary behaviour among adolescents contributing to more than one quarter of their total energy intake; however, the relationship between snacks and diet quality remains unclear. Hence, this study aimed to examine the characteristics of snacks among adolescents with different levels of diet quality. Dietary data collected from a nationally representative sample of Australian adolescents (12–18 years old, n = 935) using one 24-hour dietary recall in the National Nutrition and Physical Activity Survey were analysed. Snacks were defined based on participant-identified eating occasions, and diet quality was assessed using the Dietary Guideline Index for Children and Adolescents (DGI-CA). Marginal means and proportion of snack characteristics including snack frequency, snack energy density (ED), and commonly consumed foods at snack from the five food groups and discretionary foods at snack across DGI-CA tertiles (highest tertile indicating high guideline adherence) were estimated for both boys and girls using linear regression and logistic regression. Differences in means were tested using the F-test. The results showed no significant differences in the mean frequency of snacks across tertiles of DGI-CA scores. The mean ED of snacks decreased as DGI-CA scores increased in both boys (lowest tertile = 8.4, 95% CI [7.1, 10.0] kJ/g, highest tertile = 6.3 [5.4, 7.4] kJ/g) and girls (lowest tertile = 9.0 [7.8, 10.3] kJ/g, highest tertile = 5.9 [5.1, 6.9] kJ/g). As diet quality improved, the proportion of adolescents consuming discretionary (i.e., unhealthy) foods and foods from the five food group foods as snacks decreased and increased, respectively. In conclusion, adolescents with higher diet quality consumed snacks with a lower ED while lower proportion of them consume discretionary foods, and higher proportion of them consume from the five food groups. Encouraging the consumption of foods from the five food groups with lower ED as snacks presents an opportunity to enhance adolescent diet quality.
Sex-specific single cell-level transcriptomic signatures of Rett syndrome disease progression
Authors: Sharifi Osman , Haghani Viktoria , Neier Kari E. , Fraga Keith J. , Korf Ian , Hakam Sophia M. , Quon Gerald , Johansen Nelson , Yasui Dag H. , LaSalle Janine M.
Published: October 2024

Dominant X-linked diseases are uncommon due to female X chromosome inactivation (XCI). While random XCI usually protects females against X-linked mutations, Rett syndrome (RTT) is a female neurodevelopmental disorder caused by heterozygous MECP2 mutation. After 6-18 months of typical neurodevelopment, RTT girls undergo a poorly understood regression. We performed longitudinal snRNA-seq on cerebral cortex in a construct-relevant Mecp2e1 mutant mouse model of RTT, revealing transcriptional effects of cell type, mosaicism, and sex on progressive disease phenotypes. Across cell types, we observed sex differences in the number of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) with 6x more DEGs in mutant females than males. Unlike males, female DEGs emerged prior to symptoms, were enriched for homeostatic gene pathways in distinct cell types over time and correlated with disease phenotypes and human RTT cortical cell transcriptomes. Non-cell-autonomous effects were prominent and dynamic across disease progression of Mecp2e1 mutant females, indicating that wild-type-expressing cells normalize transcriptional homeostasis. These results advance our understanding of RTT progression and treatment.
Predicting future hospital antimicrobial resistance prevalence using machine learning
Authors: Vihta Karina-Doris , Pritchard Emma , Pouwels Koen B. , Hopkins Susan , Guy Rebecca L. , Henderson Katherine , Chudasama Dimple , Hope Russell , Muller-Pebody Berit , Walker Ann Sarah , Clifton David , Eyre David W.
Published: October 2024

Background

Predicting antimicrobial resistance (AMR), a top global health threat, nationwide at an aggregate hospital level could help target interventions. Using machine learning, we exploit historical AMR and antimicrobial usage to predict future AMR.

Methods

Antimicrobial use and AMR prevalence in bloodstream infections in hospitals in England were obtained per hospital group (Trust) and financial year (FY, April–March) for 22 pathogen–antibiotic combinations (FY2016-2017 to FY2021-2022). Extreme Gradient Boosting (XGBoost) model predictions were compared to the previous value taken forwards, the difference between the previous two years taken forwards and linear trend forecasting (LTF). XGBoost feature importances were calculated to aid interpretability.

Results

Here we show that XGBoost models achieve the best predictive performance. Relatively limited year-to-year variability in AMR prevalence within Trust–pathogen–antibiotic combinations means previous value taken forwards also achieves a low mean absolute error (MAE), similar to or slightly higher than XGBoost. Using the difference between the previous two years taken forward or LTF performs consistently worse. XGBoost considerably outperforms all other methods in Trusts with a larger change in AMR prevalence from FY2020-2021 (last training year) to FY2021-2022 (held-out test set). Feature importance values indicate that besides historical resistance to the same pathogen–antibiotic combination as the outcome, complex relationships between resistance in different pathogens to the same antibiotic/antibiotic class and usage are exploited for predictions. These are generally among the top ten features ranked according to their mean absolute SHAP values.

Conclusions

Year-to-year resistance has generally changed little within Trust–pathogen–antibiotic combinations. In those with larger changes, XGBoost models can improve predictions, enabling informed decisions, efficient resource allocation, and targeted interventions.
Noise pollution from Arctic expedition cruise vessels: understanding causes, consequences and governance options
Authors: Mannherz Fabienne , Knol-Kauffman Maaike , Rafaly Vonintsoa , Ahonen Heidi , Kruke Bjørn Ivar
Published: October 2024

Significant increase in shipping in the Arctic has caught international and national attention. The rising presence of touristic expedition cruise vessels might describe a special case for noise as a marine pollutant while they seek exclusive opportunities to experience the Arctic first-hand. This interdisciplinary study develops a conceptual framework to investigate context-specific vessel noise cause-effect dynamics and how this knowledge can assist policymakers and industry in increasing environmental safety. The study comprehensively reviews noise-emitting activities from Arctic cruise expeditions and potential adverse consequences for Arctic endemic marine mammals. It further discusses governance options for mitigating these consequences. Internationally, legal adaptations in the shipping conventions MARPOL and SOLAS should recognise noise as harmful energy. This could facilitate the uptake of noise-level-based certification schemes in the Polar Code. These legal actions can be strengthened by extended collective self-governance and through introducing economic incentives at the port level.
Continuous flow microfluidic system with magnetic nanoparticles for the spectrophotometric quantification of urea in urine and plasma samples
Authors: Chávez-Ramos Kenia , Cañizares-Macías María del Pilar
Published: October 2024

Microdevice system for spectrophotometric urea quantification in urine or plasma samples utilizing urease-conjugated magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs-URS).
Characterization of conformational states of the homodimeric enzyme fluoroacetate dehalogenase by 19F–13C two-dimensional NMR
Authors: Suleiman Motasem , Frere Geordon A. , Törner Ricarda , Tabunar Lauren , Bhole Gaurav Vijay , Taverner Keith , Tsuchimura Nobuyuki , Pichugin Dmitry , Lichtenecker Roman J. , Vozny Oleksandr , Gunning Patrick , Arthanari Haribabu , Sljoka Adnan , Prosser Robert S.
Published: October 2024

5-Fluoroanthranilic acid-(phenyl-13C6) is derived from 13C-enriched 4-fluoronitrobenzene and converted to the tryptophan analogue, allowing (19F,13C) TROSY spectroscopy (created with BioRender.com).
Micro-kinetic modeling of temporal analysis of products data using kinetics-informed neural networks
Authors: Nai Dingqi , Gusmão Gabriel S. , Kilwein Zachary A. , Boukouvala Fani , Medford Andrew J.
Published: October 2024

Kinetics-informed neural networks improve fit quality for multi-pulse and noisy temporal analysis of products datasets.
Green flight paths: a catalyst for net-zero aviation by 2050
Authors: Griffiths Steve , Uratani Joao M. , Ríos-Galván Alejandro , Andresen John M. , Maroto-Valer M. Mercedes
Published: October 2024

Large-scale sustainable aviation fuel (SAF) production and use is essential to achieving net-zero aviation by 2050.
Metagenomic and transcriptomic profiling of the hypoglycemic and hypotriglyceridemic actions of Tremella fuciformis-derived polysaccharides in high-fat-diet- and streptozotocin-treated mice
Authors: Xu Xiaofei , Liu Xiaofei , Liu Liyan , Chen Jin , Guan Jingjing , Luo Donghui
Published: October 2024

Tremella fuciformis polysaccharides exhibit hypoglycemic and hypotriglyceridemic activities through altering the taxonomic and functional attributes of the gut microbiota and modulating gene expression in the liver.
Ionically assembled hemostatic powders with rapid self-gelation, strong acid resistance, and on-demand removability for upper gastrointestinal bleeding
Authors: Liu Ashuang , Huang Zhimao , Cui Shengyong , Xiao Ying , Guo Xiangshu , Pan Gaoke , Song Lei , Deng Junjie , Xu Ting , Fan Youfen , Wang Rong
Published: October 2024

Multi-functional hemostatic powders with rapid self-gelation, strong acid tolerance, and on-demand removability have been developed via ionic assembly of HTCC and phytic acids for treatment of upper gastrointestinal bleeding.
Rheological investigations on frequency selective surface carbon composite microwave absorber
Authors: Priyanka  , Alegaonkar Prashant S. , Baskey Himangshu B.
Published: October 2024

Integrated frequency selective meta surface for efficient microwave absorption.
Selectively self-recyclable, highly transparent and fire-safe polycarbonate plastic enabled by thermally responsive phosphonium-phosphate
Authors: Deng Pan , Chen Lin , Li Yue , Liu Bo-Wen , Wang Xiu-Li , Wang Yu-Zhong
Published: October 2024

Circular economy and fire-safety of polymers have become the global consensus. A strategy for selectively self-recyclable, highly-transparent and fire-safe polycarbonate is proposed by thermally responsive phosphonium-phosphate.
Super-resolution fluorescence imaging of PEDOT:PSS films
Authors: Huang Jun-Dan , Mei Li-Jun , Kuang Weibing , Zhu Feng-Yu , Tian Rui , Wei Wanxia , Li Chong , Wang Ya-Long , Zhou Yinhua , Zhu Ming-Qiang
Published: October 2024

Super-resolution imaging of PEDOT:PSS films was accomplished using the cationic AIE probe TPE-4N+, and verified the conductivity enhancement mechanism based on the selective removal of the anionic polymer PSS through sulfuric acid treatment.
Recent progress of gas sensors based on perovskites
Authors: Wei Chenghong , Guo Ziyi , Wang Heng , Zhang Shiqi , Hao Dandan , Huang Jia
Published: October 2024

The review examines the recent progress in gas sensors with different perovskite structures and offers suggestions for future research.
Inducing preferential intercalation of Zn2+ in MnO2 with abundant oxygen defects for high-performance aqueous zinc-ion batteries
Authors: Dai Simin , Zhuang Xinyan , Jin Hongrun , Yang Ruixuan , Wang Yan , Qi Bei , Guo Wenhuan , Xie Kefeng , Hu Zhimi , Liu Meilin , Huang Liang
Published: October 2024

Regulating the electronic structure of MnO2 and inducing preferential intercalation of Zn2+ by oxygen defects for high-performance aqueous zinc-ion batteries are presented.
Dual metal centers within a water-stable Co/Ni bimetallic metal-triazolate framework contribute to durable photocatalysis for water treatment
Authors: Zheng Minling , Liu Yubo , Zhang Qifu , Li Wenjing , Zhang Yong , Feng Guangxue , Hu Yating , Huang Shaoming
Published: October 2024

A bimetallic CoNi-MET with fixed metal occupancy combines the strong water resistance of Co-MET with the high porosity of a Ni-MET.
Total synthesis, stereochemical assignment, and biological evaluation of opantimycin A and analogues thereof
Authors: Usuki Yoshinosuke , Abe Ryota , Nishiguchi Kazuki , Satoh Tetsuya , Aono Harumi , Nogawa Toshihiko , Futamura Yushi , Osada Hiroyuki , Yoshida Izumi , Fujita Kazuhiro , Mishima Takashi , Fujita Ken-Ichi
Published: October 2024

The absolute configuration of opantimycin A was determined through total synthesis.
Recent advances in the applications of gem-difluoromethylene alkynes
Authors: Lu Chengmei , Song Yu , Gao Liuzhou , Wang Yidong
Published: October 2024

The distinctive specialities of gem-difluoromethylene alkynes, influenced by the adjacent gem-difluorine substituent, enhance their reactivity via multiple reaction mechanisms, facilitating a diverse array of transformations.
Reinvestigation of the ionic conductivity of a layered Li(BH3NH2BH2NH2BH3) salt
Authors: Prus A. , Owarzany R. , Jezierski D. , Rzepecka M. , Grochala W. , Połczyński P. , Fijalkowski K. J.
Published: October 2024

EIS study on the ionic conductivity of Li(BH3NH2BH2NH2BH3) shows a decent value of 4.0 × 10−6 S cm−1 at 65 °C in stark contrast to the previous study. This value is superior to that of the low-temperature form of LiBH4.
Diffusion-dominated redox performance of hydrated copper molybdate for high-performance energy storage
Authors: Kuku Mohammed , Althahban Sultan , Arishi Mohammad
Published: October 2024

High-performance hydrated phase copper molybdate with improved electrochemical performance is reported for hybrid supercapacitors.
Iminophosphorane in perylenediimide chemistry: Staudinger reaction and a visible-light-driven competitive reaction of the Cadogan cyclization
Authors: Roger Maxime , Krupka Oksana , Alévêque Olivier , Levillain Eric , Hudhomme Piétrick
Published: October 2024

A novel bay functionalization of the perylenediimide backbone introduced an iminophosphorane group via a Staudinger reaction in the dark, while a light-driven rearrangement of the Cadogan cyclization added a hydroxy group at the 12-position.
δ-Amination of alkyl alcohols via energy transfer photocatalysis
Authors: Cristóbal Christian , Alonso Inés , Tato Francisco , Cabrera-Afonso María J. , Adrio Javier , Ribagorda Maria
Published: October 2024

We present a metal-free photocatalytic method for the preparation of 1,4-iminoalcohols from bifunctional N-oximes, which are readily available from alcohol feedstocks.
Cystine crystal nucleation and decay in the context of cystinuria pathogenesis and treatment
Authors: Noble Kimberley , Kavanagh Oisín N.
Published: October 2024

We examine cystine crystal growth and decay in cystinuria. We identify the conditions which can reproduce classical hexagonal cystine crystals and highlight an unusual dissolution pattern.
Correction: A sustainable protocol for selective alcohols oxidation using a novel iron-based metal organic framework (MOF-BASU1)
Authors: Yaghubzadeh Mahtab , Alavinia Sedigheh , Ghorbani-Vaghei Ramin
Published: October 2024

Correction for ‘A sustainable protocol for selective alcohols oxidation using a novel iron-based metal organic framework (MOF-BASU1)’ by Mahtab Yaghubzadeh et al., RSC Adv., 2023, 13, 24639–24648, https://doi.org/10.1039/D3RA03058J.
Self-assembled tetracyanoquinodimethane derivatives: differential fluorescent responses on sensing copper and mercury ions in an aqueous medium
Authors: Mohitkar Anuradha Sureshrao , Dey Nilanjan , Jayanty Subbalakshmi
Published: October 2024

TCNQ derivatives/fluorophores, utilized for metal ion sensing, especially Cu2+ and Hg2+ in aqueous medium. Single step, quick synthesis and easy purification highlights their real-time applicability.
A holistic review on the direct recycling of lithium-ion batteries from electrolytes to electrodes
Authors: Hayagan Neil , Aymonier Cyril , Croguennec Laurence , Morcrette Mathieu , Dedryvère Rémi , Olchowka Jacob , Philippot Gilles
Published: October 2024

First critical review paper on LIBs direct recycling strategies, covering a broader scope with the positive electrode, negative electrode, and electrolyte, while discussing the substantial challenges to their effective implementation.
Optimization of the electron transfer kinetics between a photoanode and biocathode for enhanced carbon-neutral pollutant removal in photocatalytic fuel cells
Authors: Gu Xiaofei , Han Jianyu , Wang Zhi , Hong Yixin , Huang Tianyi , Wu Yafeng , Zhang Yuanjian , Liu Songqin
Published: October 2024

A PFC system with collaborative dynamics between the photoanode and biocathode is constructed for using solar energy to efficiently convert refractory organic pollutants into green fuel and generate electricity.
A review on instability factors of mono- and divalent metal ion batteries: from fundamentals to approaches
Authors: Kohan Elmira , Khoshnavazi Roushan , Hosseini Mir Ghasem , Salimi Abdollah , Salami-Kalajahi Mehdi
Published: October 2024

Degradation phenomena in different components (cathode, anode, current collectors (CCs)) of mono- and divalent metal-based batteries affect their performance.
Multi-functional self-healing polyurethane elastomer based on chair conformation for strain sensors
Authors: Zhu Yiyao , He Yuting , Lu Wentong , Tian Hao , Fei Fan , Zhou Peilong , Wang Jincheng
Published: October 2024

This study introduces a polyurethane urea-based flexible sensor material with self-healing, antibacterial, degradable and biocompatible properties. Its multifunctionality makes it ideal for sustainable wearable electronics.
Synthesis of a Cu@ZnO1−x/Al2O3 catalyst with high-density ZnO1−x–Cu interfacial sites for enhanced CO2 hydrogenation to methanol
Authors: Wu Yunshuo , Wang Haiqiang , Wu Zhongbiao
Published: October 2024

The development of catalysts with high-density interfacial sites is crucial for enhancing catalytic performance.
Recyclable microcellular rubber foams with superior photothermal performance via constructing Fe3+ heterodentate coordination between epoxidized natural rubber and polyaniline
Authors: Zhu Jingyi , Chen Yukun , Lee Patrick C. , Zhang Shuidong
Published: October 2024

Developing recyclable microcellular rubber foams with excellent photothermal conversion ability can reduce resource waste and harvest solar energy to alleviate environmental pollution and the energy crisis simultaneously.
Electronic interaction-enhanced NO photorelease and photothermal conversion in N-doped carbon dot nanoconjugates
Authors: Laneri Francesca , Parisi Cristina , Natile Marta Maria , Sortino Salvatore
Published: October 2024

A strong electronic interaction between N-doped carbon dots and an NO photodonor grafted on their surface leads to significant enhancement of NO photorelease and photothermal conversion efficiencies.
MoS2@MWCNT modified glassy carbon electrode for electrochemical mercury(ii) ion sensors
Authors: Mishra Jai , Sharma Nipun , Kumar Sumit , Das Chayan , Kumar Amit , Kwoka Monika , Sahu Satyajit , Kumar Mahesh
Published: October 2024

This work presents a highly selective and sensitive electrochemical Hg2+ sensor, utilizing a composite of MoS2@MWCNT on a glassy carbon electrode (GCE) for efficient Hg2+ detection in drinking water.
Narrow-band green phosphor RbK2Na(Li3SiO4)4:Eu2+ with excellent thermal stability and high efficiency for wide color gamut displays
Authors: Ran Weiguang , Geng Jiayi , Zhou Ziyou , Zhou Chunyuan , Wang Fukai , Zhao Ming , Yan Tingjiang
Published: October 2024

Combining RbK2Na(Li3SiO4)4:5%Eu2+ with K2SiF6:Mn4+ and a blue GaN chip, a WLED with a large wide color gamut (103% NTSC) was prepared, demonstrating the potential of the RbK2Na(Li3SiO4)4:Eu2+ phosphor for liquid-crystal backlight applications.
Combinatorial synthesis and characterization of thin film Al1−xRExN (RE = Pr3+ and Tb3+) heterostructural alloys
Authors: Paudel Binod , Mangum John S. , Rom Christopher L. , Egbo Kingsley , Lee Cheng-Wei , Guthrey Harvey , Allen Sean , Haegel Nancy M. , Yazawa Keisuke , Brennecka Geoff L. , Smaha Rebecca W.
Published: October 2024

High-throughput combinatorial synthesis of Al1−xRExN (RE = Pr, Tb) thin films with 0 < x < 0.4 was performed to assess composition-phase-property relationships in an emerging materials family.
Sulfhydryl functionalization of MXene enables selective sensing of mercury ions
Authors: George Dani , Ravikumar Chandan Hunsur , Philip Jomy Jose , Balakrishna R. Geetha
Published: October 2024

Schematic representation of sulphydryl functionalization of MXene and selective sensing of mercury ions.
Intrinsic optical properties and structural transition of CsPbCl3 revealed by temperature dependent studies of a single microplatelet
Authors: You Fangfang , Dong Na , Wang Xiaoting , Huang Jianping , Yao Yi , Zhang Qing , Zhang Wenhua , Xu Faqiang
Published: October 2024

Based on CsPbCl3 single crystal microplatelets, intrinsic optical properties and structural phase transitions are revealed through temperature-dependent photoluminescence, Raman spectroscopy, and XRD techniques.
Online and offline learning using fading memory functions in HfSiOx-based ferroelectric tunnel junctions
Authors: Lee Jungwoo , Youn Chaewon , Heo Jungang , Kim Sungjun
Published: October 2024

We demonstrate online and offline learning as well as associative learning such as in Pavlov's dog experiments using the non-volatile and volatile properties of HfSiOx-based FTJs.
A power-free, filter-free and high-performance narrowband ZnO/BaTiO3/GaN heterojunction-based ultraviolet photodetector obtained by synergetic plasmonic and ferroelectric effects
Authors: Tang Kai , Sha Shulin , Liu Maosheng , Yu Mengxin , Wan Peng , Kan Caixia , Shi Daning , Jiang Mingming
Published: October 2024

A high-performance filter-free narrowband self-powered ultraviolet photodetector based on the PtNPs@ZnO:Ga/BaTiO3/GaN heterojunction is experimentally obtained through the synergistic operation of plasmonic and interface engineering effects.
Breaking the Blockchain Trilemma: A Comprehensive Consensus Mechanism for Ensuring Security, Scalability, and Decentralization
Authors: Md Shafin Khandakar , Reno Saha
Published: October 2024

The ongoing challenge in the world of blockchain technology is finding a solution to the trilemma that involves balancing decentralization, security, and scalability. This paper introduces a pioneering blockchain architecture designed to transcend this trilemma, uniting advanced cryptographic methods, inventive security protocols, and dynamic decentralization mechanisms. Employing established techniques such as elliptic curve cryptography, Schnorr verifiable random function, and zero‐knowledge proof (zk‐SNARK), alongside groundbreaking methodologies for stake distribution, anomaly detection, and incentive alignment, our framework sets a new benchmark for secure, scalable, and decentralized blockchain ecosystems. The proposed system surpasses top‐tier consensuses by attaining a throughput of 1700+ transactions per second, ensuring robust security against all well‐known blockchain attacks without compromising scalability and demonstrating solid decentralization in benchmark analysis alongside 25 other blockchain systems, all achieved with an affordable hardware cost for validators and an average CPU usage of only 16.1%.
The radial distribution of radio emission from SN 1993J: Magnetic field amplification due to the Rayleigh-Taylor instability
Authors: Martí-Vidal I. , Björnsson C.-I. , Pérez-Torres M. A. , Lundqvist P. , Marcaide J. M.
Published: October 2024

Context. Observations of radio emission from young core-collapse supernovae (CCSNe) allow one to study the history of the pre-supernova stellar wind, trace the density structure of the ejected material, and probe the magnetohydrodynamics that describe the interaction between the two, as the forward shock expands into the circumstellar medium. The radio shell of supernova SN 1993J has been observed with very long baseline interferometry (VLBI) for ∼20 years, giving one of the most complete pictures of the evolution of a CCSN shock. However, different results about the expansion curve and properties of the radio-emitting structure have been reported by different authors, likely due to systematics in the data calibration and/or model assumptions made by each team.

Aims. We aim to perform an analysis of the complete set of VLBI observations of SN 1993J that accounts for different instrumental and source-intrinsic effects, in order to retrieve robust conclusions about the shock expansion and physics in SN 1993J.

Methods. We have explored the posterior probability distribution of a complete data model, using a technique based on Markov chains. Our model accounts for antenna calibration effects, as well as different kinds of radio-emission structures for the supernova.

Results. The posterior parameter distributions strongly favor a spherical shell-like radio structure with a nonuniform radial intensity profile, with a broad brightness distribution that peaks close to or just above the region where the contact discontinuity is expected to be located. Regarding the shell expansion, the full dataset can be well described using one single deceleration parameter, β ∼ 0.80, being the shell outer radius R ∝ tβ. There is clear evidence of a relative widening of the shell width beyond day 2600−3300 after the explosion, which is due to an increased deceleration of the inner shell boundary. This is similar to findings previously reported by other authors.

Conclusions. The radial intensity profile and the late evolution of the shell suggest a scenario in which the magnetic field is amplified mainly by the Rayleigh-Taylor instability, which emanates from the contact discontinuity. Furthermore, the increased deceleration of the inner boundary indicates that the reverse shock enters a region of the ejecta at around 3000 days, where the density distribution is substantially flatter. Such a weakening of the reverse shock can also explain the achromatic break in the radio light curves, which occurs at the same time. The deduced radial intensity distribution for SN 1993J is quite similar to that observed in the spatially well-resolved supernova remnant Cassiopeia A.
ASTRODEEP-JWST: NIRCam-HST multi-band photometry and redshifts for half a million sources in six extragalactic deep fields
Authors: Merlin E. , Santini P. , Paris D. , Castellano M. , Fontana A. , Treu T. , Finkelstein S. L. , Dunlop J. S. , Arrabal Haro P. , Bagley M. , Boyett K. , Calabrò A. , Correnti M. , Davis K. , Dickinson M. , Donnan C. T. , Ferguson H. C. , Fortuni F. , Giavalisco M. , Glazebrook K. , Grazian A. , Grogin N. A. , Hathi N. , Hirschmann M. , Kartaltepe J. S. , Kewley L. J. , Kirkpatrick A. , Kocevski D. D. , Koekemoer A. M. , Leung G. , Lotz J. M. , Lucas R. A. , Magee D. K. , Marchesini D. , Mascia S. , McLeod D. J. , McLure R. J. , Nanayakkara T. , Napolitano L. , Nonino M. , Papovich C. , Pentericci L. , Pérez-González P. G. , Pirzkal N. , Ravindranath S. , Roberts-Borsani G. , Somerville R. S. , Trenti M. , Trump J. R. , Vulcani B. , Wang X. , Watson P. J. , Wilkins S. M. , Yang G. , Yung L. Y. A.
Published: October 2024

Aims. We present a set of photometric catalogues primarily aimed at providing the community with a comprehensive database for the study of galaxy populations in the high-redshift Universe. The set gathers data from eight JWST NIRCam observational programs, targeting the Abell 2744 (GLASS-JWST, UNCOVER, DDT2756, and GO3990), EGS (CEERS), COSMOS and UDS (PRIMER), and the GOODS North and South (JADES and NGDEEP) deep fields. This dataset covers a total area of ≃0.2 sq. degrees.

Methods. We obtained photometric estimates by means of well-established techniques, including tailored improvements designed to enhance the performance on the specific dataset. We also included new measurements from HST archival data, spanning 16 bands from 0.44 to 4.44 µm.

Results. A grand total of ~530 thousand sources were detected on stacks of NIRCam 3.56 and 4.44 µm mosaics. We assessed the photometric accuracy by comparing fluxes and colours against archival catalogues. We also provide photometric redshift estimates, statistically validated against a large set of robust spectroscopic data.

Conclusions. The catalogues are publicly available on the ASTRODEEP website.
From spherical stars to disk-like structures: 3D common-envelope evolution of massive binaries beyond inspiral
Authors: Vetter Marco , Röpke Friedrich K. , Schneider Fabian R. N. , Pakmor Rüdiger , Ohlmann Sebastian T. , Lau Mike Y. M. , Andrassy Robert
Published: October 2024

Self-consistent three-dimensional modeling of the entire common-envelope phase of gravitational wave progenitor systems until full envelope ejection is challenged by the vast range of spatial and temporal scales involved in the problem. Previous attempts were either terminated shortly after the rapid spiral-in with significant amounts of gravitationally bound material left in the system or they omitted this plunge-in phase and modeled the system afterward. We investigated the common-envelope interactions of a 10 M⊙ red supergiant primary star with a black hole and a neutron star companion, respectively, until full envelope ejection (≳97% of the envelope mass). In contrast to the expectation from e.g. population synthesis models, we find that the dynamical plunge-in of the systems determines (to leading order) the orbital separations of the core binary system, while the envelope ejection by recombination acts only at later stages of the evolution and fails to harden the core binaries down to orbital frequencies where they qualify as progenitors of gravitational-wave-emitting double-compact object mergers. Diverging from the conventional picture of an expanding common envelope that is ejected more or less spherically, our simulations show a new mechanism: The rapid plunge-in of the companion transforms the spherical morphology of the giant primary star into a disk-like structure. During this process, magnetic fields are amplified, and the subsequent transport of material through the disk around the core binary system drives a fast jet-like outflow in the polar directions. While most of the envelope material is lost through a recombination-driven wind from the outer edge of the disk, about 7% of the envelope leaves the system via the magnetically driven outflows. We further explored the potential evolutionary pathways of the post-common-envelope systems in light of the expected remaining lifetime of the primary core (2.97 M⊙) until core collapse (6 × 104 yr), most likely forming a neutron star. We find that the interaction of the core binary system with the circumbinary disk substantially increases the likelihood of giving rise to a double-neutron star merger (55%) or a neutron star black hole (5%) merger event.
Evolution of the mass-radius relation of expanding very young star clusters
Authors: Zhou Jian-Wen , Kroupa Pavel , Wu Wenjie
Published: October 2024

The initial mass–radius relation of embedded star clusters is an essential boundary condition for understanding the evolution of embedded clusters in which stars form to their release into the galactic field via an open star cluster phase. The initial mass–radius relation of embedded clusters deduced by Marks & Kroupa (2012, A&A, 543, A8) is significantly different from the relation suggested by Pfalzner et al. (2016, A&A, 586, A68). Here, we use direct N-body simulations to model the early expansion of embedded clusters after the expulsion of their residual gas. The observationally deduced radii of clusters up to a few million years old, compiled from various sources, are well fitted by N-body models, implying that these observed very young clusters are most likely in an expanding state. We show that the mass–radius relation of Pfalzner et al. (2016) reflects the expansion of embedded clusters following the initial mass–radius relation of Marks & Kroupa (2012). We also suggest that even the embedded clusters in ATLASGAL clumps with HII regions are probably already in expansion. All the clusters collected here from different observations show a mass-radius relation with a similar slope, which may indicate that all clusters were born with a profile resembling that of the Plummer phase-space distribution function.