bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Long‐term effects of honey versus sucrose on glucose, insulin and lipid responses in mice
Authors: Jennings Tabitha , Nemoseck Tricia , Cole Sarah , Kern Mark
Published: June 2021

We recently investigated the potential health benefits of honey as a substitute for refined sugars and demonstrated that compared to sucrose, honey may produce lower serum triglyceride, glucose and insulin concentrations over a short‐term period. Our goal was to determine the influence of honey versus sucrose on adiposity and plasma concentrations of insulin, glucose and lipids in two groups of weanling mice after a long‐term period. Eighteen male weanling ICR mice (29.7 ± 0.6 g) were equally divided into two groups and fed ad libitum one of two isoenergetic diets differing only in the carbohydrate source provided. Diets contained 20% carbohydrate (by weight of total diet) from clover honey or sucrose. After 116 days, fat pads were removed and blood was collected. No differences (p > 0.05) were found for weight gain, fat pad weights, glucose, insulin and triglycerides concentrations between honey and sucrose fed mice. Total cholesterol tended to be lower in the honey fed mice (p=.078). The results suggest that consuming honey instead of sucrose may potentially promote lower cholesterol over a long term period, but that benefits observed after shorter term feeding did not persist in growing ICR mice.

Sponsored by American Heart Association
Anemia and iron deficiency prevalence in Mexican adolescents. Results from the national probabilistic survey ENSANUT 2006.
Authors: De la Cruz Góngora Vanessa , Villalpando Salvador , Gaona Berenice , Shamah Teresa , Mundo Verónica , Robledo Ricardo
Published: June 2021

Objective

To describe the anemia and iron deficiency prevalence in Mexican adolescents.

Methods

National probabilistic sample. The data of 3000 adolescents (12–19 years of age) was analyzed. Hemoglobin concentration was measured by capillary blood. Commercial kits were used to measure the serum concentrations of ferritin. Iron deficiency was defined as ferritin concentration <12 mcg/L. Iron deficiency and anemia predictors were evaluated with logistic regression models.

Results

Anemia prevalence among adolescents was 11.5%, there was no differences by sex. The national iron deficiency prevalence was 13.6%, and it was higher among women (13.38%) than men (9.28%). When stratifying by age (younger or older than 15 years of age), the iron deficiency prevalence in men declined (11.32 vs 7%) and in women increased (14.8 vs 21.9%). The odds of being anemic increased by 3 folds in iron deficient adolescents compared to the non‐deficient (p<0.001).

Conclusions

Anemia and iron deficiency are still being a health problem in Mexican adolescents. The women and the adolescents from the southern zone of the country have the largest prevalence of iron deficiency.
Polymer‐eluted Dexamethasone Protects Hearing and Hair Cells Against Trauma‐induced Loss
Authors: Van De Water Thomas R , Hachem Ralph Abi , Bohorquez Jorge , Eshraghi Adrien A , Angeli Simon , Balkany Thomas J
Published: June 2021

Objective

Investigate the efficacy of polymer‐eluted dexamethasone base (DXMb) to protect hearing & auditory hair cells against trauma‐induced losses.

Methods

An animal model of EIT‐induced loss of auditory function/hair cells and an in vitro model of inflammatory cytokine‐induced apoptosis of hair cells tested the otoprotective efficacy of polymer (SIBS)‐eluted DXMb. Inhibitor and gene expression studies quantified the expression levels of selected apoptosis and inflammation‐related genes.

Results

DXMb‐eluted from SIBS‐coated electrodes conserved hearing & protected hair cells in an animal model of cochlear implantation. Inhibitor studies demonstrated that NFκB is required for otoprotection. Bax, Bcl‐2, Bcl‐xl & TNFR1 genes were identified as targets of NFκB within TNFα‐challenged/DXMb‐treated explants. TNFα upregulated Bax & TNFR1 and downregulated Bcl‐2 & Bcl‐xl, treatment of these explants with eluted‐DXMb reversed TNFα‐induced changes by downregulation of Bax & TNFR1 and upregulation Bcl‐2 & Bcl‐xl. DXMb‐treatment also reversed TNFα‐induced elevation of the inflammation related gene, TNFR1.

Conclusions

Polymer‐eluted DXMb retains its otoprotective efficacy activating NFκB signaling which, upregulates anti‐apoptosis related genes, and downregulates pro‐apoptosis & pro‐inflammatory genes.

Supported by a grant from the MED‐EL Corp., Innsbruck, Austria
Food patterns and nutritional state among students of medium‐low socioeconomic level from Hermosillo, Sonora, M¦xico
Authors: Quizán‐Plata Trinidad , Arizmendi Ana LOU , Hernández‐NORZAGARAY Aisha , Frongillo Edward A. , Galaviz‐Moreno Samuel
Published: June 2021

This study aimed to identify dietary patterns in students and assess association of these patterns with health nutrition state. A school‐based sample of 66 students between 6 and 7 years of medium‐low socioeconomic level was selected in Hermosillo, Sonora, M¦xico. Body mass index was calculated and two 24‐hour recalls were obtained. Five distinct dietary factors were obtained explaining 57% of the total variation using factor analysis with varimax rotation. The five factors were: 1) foods eaten in a monotonous diet (beans, corn tortilla and processed meat), 2) foods sold in school (beverages, chips, snack, and hot sauce), 3) meats and bread, 4) foods in a healthy diet (dairy products and fruits), and 5) foods rich in energy and sugars (fast food, breakfast cereal, and soft drink). The association between the five dietary factors and nutrition state was assessed through linear regression model. The third factor was the only one significantly associated with the nutrition state (¦Â= 2.38 EE= 1.10, p= 0.038). These results suggest that high consumption of meat and bread is related to high BMI in young Mexican school children.
Intervention to Improve Child Care Nutrition and Activity Environments
Authors: Wosje Karen S , Sauers Hadley , Norton Angela , Copeland Kristen
Published: June 2021

We determined the efficacy of a Southwest Ohio state‐sponsored intervention to promote nutrition (Nu) and physical activity (PA) in preschool child care. We conducted baseline (7/08–4/09) and follow‐up (9/09–12/09) phone interviews with child care center directors on Nu and PA environments of centers in an intervention (I, N=108 centers, Dayton area) and a demographically similar control (C, N=162 centers, Cincinnati area) county. A self‐assessment was sent to the 108 I centers; 28 [active intervention (AI)] returned the application and received a Targeted Action Plan to address self identified deficiencies in Nu and PA environments. The 6mo (mean±SD) in global Nu (eg, meal environment, milk, juice, snacks, etc) and PA (eg, TV, outdoor play & muscle room features, etc) scores trended higher in AI than inactive intervention (II, N=80 centers) for Nu (0.86±1.71 v 0.10±2.74 p=0.21) and PA (0.96±3.74 v 0.00±3.35 p=0.18), but not C (Nu: 0.45±2.60, p=0.4; PA: 0.80±3.78, p=0.8). The trend in differences between AI and II remained after adjustment for race (25% and 27% primarily black in AI and II respectively) or % of children receiving meal subsidy (>75% of children for 39% of AI and 32% of II). These pilot data suggest the intervention could be effective as an annual state‐wide public health initiative, but a larger study is needed.

RWJF‐supported
Comparison of Sensory Specific Satiety and Sensory Specific Desires in Children and Adults
Authors: Olsen Annemarie , Ritz Christian , Hartvig Ditte Louise , Møller Per
Published: June 2021

Background

In adults sensory specific satiety (SSS) is a well‐described effect involved in controlling food intake. In addition, we suggest the existence of sensory specific desires (SSD), which can be described as wanting for certain taste categories and which seem to vary in a systematic manner depending on the taste of foods eaten to satiety.

Aim

The aim of this experiment was to compare SSS and SSD in children and adults, and their impact on subsequent food choices.

Method

Eighty‐seven children and 49 adults participated in the study. Sweet yoghurt was used as the food eaten to satiety, and test foods representing sweet, salty, sour, bitter, “fatty” and “spicy” flavors were also evaluated. At baseline and post meal, participants evaluated hunger, satiety, liking and wanting for test foods and yoghurt, and desires on a 150 mm visual analogue score scale. The yoghurts were served in portions of 50 g every fifth minute until a state of “comfortable satiety” was reached. For each portion, participants evaluated hunger, satiety, liking, wanting, sample perception, and desires. Finally, participants made product choices between the test foods (partial ranking).

Results/Conclusion

SSS and SSD were expressed differently in children and adults. In children, SSS was bound to the yoghurt, whereas in adults SSS was transferred to foods sharing sensory characteristics with the yoghurt. Similar differences were found for SSD. We conclude that children and adults in many ways differ in their expression of SSS and SSD.

The study was funded by the Danish Strategic Research Council for Food and Health
Normalization of vitamin B12 (B12) levels achieved following 1000 mcg oral Eligen® B12 therapy: A clinical study comparing the efficacy and safety of oral B12 therapy versus intramuscular (IM) therapy
Authors: Castelli M. Cristina , Wong Diane , Friedman Kristen , Bhargava Prateek , Riley Gary M
Published: June 2021

B12 deficiency occurs from dietary insufficiency or impaired absorption. The traditional treatment method is B12 IM injections. Oral B12 therapy is not considered dependable. Eligen® technology uses a functional excipient that increases and accelerates B12 uptake and more closely resembles B12 IM serum profile than other oral B12 formulations. This was an open‐label, randomized 90‐day study to assess the relative efficacy and safety of oral Eligen® B12 versus intramuscular B12 in promptly and reliably normalizing low B12 levels. The primary measurement was serum cobalamin (B12), the secondary measurements included methylmalonic acid and homocysteine. Holotranscobalamin was an exploratory endpoint. Blood samples were collected at Baseline, Day 15, Day 31, Day 61, and Day 91. A total of 49 patients were enrolled (26 IM and 23 oral). At the first time point (Day 15) all study parameters had returned to the normal range with both treatments. Normalization was maintained at all intervals up to and including Day 91. Eligen® B12 was well tolerated with no adverse drug related events. This study shows that oral Eligen B12 1000 mcg offers an alternative treatment option for patients requiring IM dosing.
HAIR LANTHANUM IS INCREASED IN THE DEPRESSED SUBJECTS
Authors: LYKKEN GLENN IRVEN , Momcilivic Berislav , Prejac Juraj , Sandra Moroviæ
Published: June 2021

Lanthanum (La) has been recently introduced into medical practice to combat hyperphosphathemia of chronic kidney failure. In this study we analyzed the level of La in scalp hair (SH) of 11 men (M) and 37 women (W) suffering from depression (D), and in 69 M and 95 W healthy population control subjects (C). None of the D subjects had chronic renal failure. The study complied with the principles of Helsinki declaration on human subject research. D was diagnosed by the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM‐IV) criteria. SH U was analyzed by ICP‐MS (Momčilović et al. TEM 2006;7(4):35–42). Median values of La (μg·g−1) were higher in M than in W for both Control and D subjects (CM 0.0086 vs. CW 0.0069; DM 0.0362 vs. DW 0.0108). Moreover, hair La was higher in D men and women, than in their Cs (DM 0.0362 vs. CM 0.0086; DW 0,0108 vs. CW 0.0069)(Chi square p<0.01). Women are more prone to D than M, but higher La in M than W in both C and D may reflect the presumably more out‐door activities of men. Regardless of gender, higher levels of La were observed in the hair of depressed subject than in controls, indicating the existence of a different La metabolism in D than in C subjects. The data indicates that SH La is a reliable marker of the La body burden after the habitual La environmental internal contamination.
25‐hydroxyvitamin D response to a single vitamin D3 dose in pregnant and non‐pregnant women: a pharmacokinetic study in Dhaka, Bangladesh
Authors: Roth Daniel E , Al‐Mahmud Abdullah , Roy Eliza , El Arifeen Shams , Raqib Rubhana , Black Robert E. , Baqui Abdullah H.
Published: June 2021

Changes in serum 25‐hydroxyvitamin D concentration (Δ[25(OH)D]) in response to a single oral dose of 70,000 IU vitamin D3 were characterized in two groups of women in Dhaka: non‐pregnant (NP; N=18) and 30‐weeks pregnant (P; N=13). Six serial blood samples were collected from each participant (up to day 56 or 70 post‐dose). Pharmacokinetic parameters aggregated by group included mean (± standard deviation, SD) maximum [25(OH)D] rise above baseline (ΔCmax), median days to ΔCmax (Tmax), and mean, 5th, 50th, and 95th percentiles of the positive area‐under‐the‐Δ[25(OH)D]‐time curve to 28 days (AUC28). Mean baseline [25(OH)D] was lower in P, but mean ΔCmax was similar in P and NP. Average AUC28 was slightly larger in P, but the overall distributions were similar.

Parameter
Non‐pregnant
Pregnant

Baseline [25(OH)D] (nmol/L)
Mean ±SD
56 ±22
46 ±20

ΔCmax (nmol/L)
Mean ±SD
35 ±21
37 ±14

Tmax (days)
Median
7
21

AUC28 (nmol·day/L)
Mean ±SD
588 ±342
683 ±321

Percentiles
25th
377
382

50th
496
768

75th
819
877

There was high inter‐subject variability in [25(OH)D] responses, but averages were consistent with published single‐dose pharmacokinetic vitamin D3 studies in non‐pregnant adults. There was no strong evidence that pregnancy influences the peak rise in [25(OH)D] after a dose of vitamin D3, but larger studies are required to establish whether small observed differences in bioavailability are reproducible and biologically relevant.
Effects of Fucoidan supplementation on Helicobacter pylori in humans
Authors: Back Hyang‐Im , Kim Sun‐Young , Park Soo‐Hyun , Oh Mi‐Ra , Kim Min‐Gul , Jeon Ji‐Young , Chae Soo‐Wan , Bae Jung Shik , Kim Young Suk , Hwang Yu Jeong , Lee Soo Teik
Published: June 2021

To determine whether a supplement of fucoidan affects H. pylori infection in H. pylori‐infected subjects. This study was a 4 weeks, randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled, parallel‐group clinical trial. A total of sixty subjects (positive for H. pylori by 14C‐UBT) were randomly divided to a fucoidan (n=30) or placebo group (n=30). Outcomes were included evaluation of efficacy (14C‐UBT and gastrointestinal symptoms questionnaire). Fifty eight subjects were finished in this study. After the 4 weeks of supplementation, 14C‐UBT was no significant differences between fucoidan and placebo group. In case of subjects who were decreases an above of 200 cpm on 14C‐UBT after 4 weeks intervention, fucoidan group (n=7, 25%) showed a significant many (p<0.05) compared with placebo group (n=1, 3%). In case of subjects who were an above of 500 cpm on initial 14C‐UBT, fucoidan group showed a significant decreases of 14C‐UBT (p<0.05) compared with placebo group. Fucoidan intervention showed H. pylori infection lowering effects on some of H. pylori‐infected subjects. This result suggests that fucoidan can be used as a complementary functional food for H. pylori infection control without harmful effects.
Effect of Ficus carica on Functional Constipation
Authors: Kim Sun‐Young , Back Hyangim , Oh Mi‐Ra , Rk Soo‐Hyun Pa , Meihua Jin , Jeon Ji‐Young , Kim Min‐Gul , Kim Jin‐Sung , Shin Sook‐Jeong , Chae Myoung‐Hee , Chae Han‐Jung , Chae Soo‐Wan
Published: June 2021

Constipation is one of the most prevalent gastrointestinal complaints. High fiber intake is recommended as an initial therapy for constipation. Ficus carica is known to have higher fiber contents. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of fiber supplements using Ficus carica on the improvement of functional constipation. We conducted a double blind, randomized controlled study with 2 groups (Ficus carica and fiber group), which were randomly assigned out of 20 patients with functional constipation, defined by modified Rome III criteria. Colon transit time, number of bowel movement, defecation time, stool type/color, abdominal pain/discomfort, effort for evacuation, sensation of incomplete evacuation, stool amounts per defecation and satisfactory relief were evaluated and analyzed before and after 2 weeks of treatment. After 2 weeks o f treatment, the total colonic transit time was shortened in Ficus carica group (44.4 ± 23.5 hr vs. 28.9 ± 25.4 hr, P=0.027). Ficus carica increased the number of bowel movements (2.8 ± 1.0/wk vs. 5.2 ± 2.0/wk, P=0.004), reduced defecation time (11.4 ± 5.2 min vs. 5.6 ± 4.5 min, P=0.031) and improved abdominal pain (P= 0.016) and discomfort (P=0.047) effort for evacuation (P=0.008) and the sense of incomplete e vacuation (P= 0.016). There was no significant difference between Ficus carica and fiber group in all defecation symptom s. Ficus carica improved most of the constipation symptoms in the patients suffering with functional constipation.
Avocado consumption is associated with better nutrient intake and better health indices in U.S. adults (19+ years): NHANES 2001–2006
Authors: Fulgoni Victor L. , Dreher Mark L , Davenport Adrienne J
Published: June 2021

The association of avocado consumption with nutrient intakes and health parameters in adults (19+ years) was examined using the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2001–2006 data (n=14,484; 52% females). Avocado consumers (n=273; 62% females) were defined as those consuming any amount of avocado (mean consumption was 68.1 ± 6.0 g/d) during the 24 hour recording period. Means, standard errors, and ANOVA (adjusted for covariates) were determined using appropriate sample weights. Avocado consumers had significantly higher (p<0.0001) intakes of total fat (94.6 ± 2.0 vs. 84.2 ± 0.3 g/d), monounsaturated fat (36.8 ± 0.8 vs. 31.3 ± 0.1 g/d), polyunsaturated fat (20.8 ± 0.6 vs. 17.5 ± 0.1 g/d), dietary fiber (21.9 ± 0.9 vs. 15.6 ± 0.2 g/d), vitamin E (9.6 ± 0.4 vs. 7.2 ± 0.1 mg AT/d), vitamin K (149 ± 11 vs. 92 ± 2 mcg/d), magnesium (331 ± 9.9 vs. 288 ± 2.0 mg/d), and potassium (3164 ± 1.5 vs. 2726 ± 16 mg/d) as compared to non‐consumers without significant differences in calorie intakes between groups. Body weight (78.0 ± 1.3 vs. 81.2 ± 0.3, kg), BMI (26.7 ± 0.5 vs. 28.3 ± 0.1 kg/m2), and waist circumference (93.1 ± 1.0 vs. 97.0 ±0.3 cm) were all significantly (p<0.05) lower and HDL‐C (55.8 ± 1.0 vs. 53.1 ± 0.2, mg/dl) was higher in avocado consumers as compared to non‐consumers. The odds ratio of metabolic syndrome was 42% lower (95% CI: 0.39, 0.86) in avocado consumers as compared to non‐consumers. Avocado consumption was associated with better nutrient intakes, lower body weight, lower BMI, and lower risk of metabolic syndrome.

Support provided by Hass Avocado Board.
Development and acceptability of local animal source food supplements for reproductive age women in rural Vietnam
Authors: Hall Andrew , Ngu Tu , Dirren Henri , King Janet
Published: June 2021

Our objective was to develop and test the acceptability of daily local supplemental animal source foods (ASF) for rural reproductive‐age women in an observed research setting. Based on preliminary findings, usual diets posed significant risk (EAR cut‐point method) for deficiencies of iron, zinc, vitamin A, and B12. We surveyed local markets and collected data on seasonality, pricing, and composition of local ASF containing these micronutrients. ASF available on a daily basis were catalogued and local recipes adapted to a rotating cycle of mid‐morning supplemental foods. Preliminary testing revealed that lean pork, organ meats, and eggs, had the greatest acceptability. The recipes revised for acceptability and cost provided median 144 kcal, 9 mg iron, 3.3 mg zinc, 1000 μg RAE vitamin A, 7 μg vitamin B12 and 20 g protein/supplement. We implemented a 6‐month daily feeding trial in a sample of 117 non‐pregnant reproductive‐age women. Women consumed the supplements in a private setting under observation. Compliance, the number of supplements entirely consumed/supplements provided, was 98.5% over 6 months. This strategy could be adapted to a larger‐scale intervention and bring usual intakes of at‐risk micronutrients to RDA levels for pregnancy using acceptable local ASF recipes.
Preliminary results from The Ovarian Nutrition Education (ONE) study
Authors: Boddie Anita M , Berglund Maria S , Hernandez Mike , Paxton Raheem J , Hajek Richard A , Valero‐Hernandez Maria A , Handy Beverly , Jones Lovell A
Published: June 2021

Guidelines for cancer prevention suggest that a diet high in fruit and vegetables and low in animal protein is associated with a reduction of risk for most cancers and may improve cancer survival. The aim of this study was to determine if fruit/vegetable concentrate supplementation is associated with similar improvements in plasma biomarkers and anthropometric indicators than a diet high in fiber and low in fat among a sample of ovarian cancer survivors. Initially there were a total of 52 women (85% White; Mean age = 53 years) participants with an adherence rate of roughly 73%. Twenty‐seven women were randomized to Juice Plus diet and 24 were randomized to the WHEL study diet. Mixed‐effects regression models revealed that there were no significant between‐group changes in anthropometric measures (i.e., BMI, weight, hip, waist, upper arm) (all p > 0.05), whereas, significant between‐group differences were observed for improvements in Serum Albumin and TIBC levels (all p < 0.05). Near significant between‐group differences were observed for vitamin B12 (p < 0.10). These improvements were observed among Juice Plus participants. More research is needed to determine if the improvements observed by Juice Plus participants translates into meaningful clinical outcomes such as reductions in recurrence and survival. Support: NSA (TN, USA)
Dietary supplement combination reduces inflammation and improves vigor in stressed subjects
Authors: Talbott Shawn , Talbott Julie A , Vosti Mark , Anderson Jeannie
Published: June 2021

Objective

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the combined effects of two commercially available dietary supplements on measures of Metabolic Balance, Inflammation, and Psychological Mood State. The supplements are (1) a whole Mangosteen fruit/rind juice (Xango™), and (2) an herbal blend containing Citrus sinensis, Eurycoma longifolia, Camelia sinensis, and L‐theanine (Eleviv™). Previous studies have shown benefits on measures of inflammation (Xango) and hormone balance and mood (Eleviv).

Methods

We recruited 30 moderately stressed subjects (22 women/8 men) for this 4‐week placebo‐controlled, double‐blind study. Each participant was randomly assigned to consume 6oz/d of the Juice/Placebo (3oz AM/3oz PM) and 2 capsules/d of the Herbal/Placebo (AM).

Results

There were no significant differences on measures of female reproductive hormones (Progesterone, Estradiol, Estriol, Estrone, 2‐hydroxyestrone, 16‐alpha‐hydroxysterone, and Estrone Sulfate). Significant differences between groups were found for measures of Inflammation (−59% C‐Reactive Protein); Metabolic Balance (+421% ratio between Free Androgen Index/24h Cortisol exposure), Vigor (+27%), and Tension (−34%).

Conclusion

These data provide clear evidence that consuming the supplements together for 4 weeks provides a range of metabolic benefits. This study was conducted by SupplementWatch and funded by Xango, LLC.
Effects of Dietary Protein and Fat Contents on Renal Function and Inflammatory Cytokines in Rats with Adriamycin‐induced Nephrotic Syndrome
Authors: Lim A Young , Kim Su yeon , Jeon Su Kyung , Lee In Seok , Lee Seung eun , Choue Ryowon
Published: June 2021

The effects of dietary protein and fat on renal function‐related blood and urine parameters, such as excretion of urinary protein and inflammatory cytokines, were investigated in adriamycin (ADR)‐induced nephrotic syndrome rats.

ADR (2 mg/kg BW) was injected i.p. weekly for six weeks to induce nephrotic syndrome. Rats were fed low‐ (C:P:F = 53:7:40, LPHF) or high‐protein (C:P:F = 63:30:7, HPLF) diets for five weeks

At the end of the experiment, Serum albumin, TG and creatinine levels were significantly higher in the LPHF group than in the HPLF group although serum total cholesterol levels did not differ between the two groups. BUN and UUN levels were lower in the LPHF group than in the HPLF group. Protein and creatintine excretion in the urine was significantly higher in the HPLF group than in the LPHF group. Serum inflammatory cytokine levels did not differ between the two groups. Levels of IL‐6, TNF‐α, and IL‐13 in splenocyte supernatants were significantly higher in the LPHF group than in the HPLF group.

We confirmed that dietary protein and fat might affect blood and urine parameters, including protein excretion in urine and splenocyte inflammatory cytokine levels in ADR‐induced nephrotic syndrome rats.
Metnase possesses a structure‐specific endonuclease activity that enhances joining of non‐compatible ends
Authors: Lee Suk‐Hee , Hromas Robert , Oshige Masahiko , Lee Sue S
Published: June 2021

Metnase (SETMAR) is a SET and transposase fusion protein that promotes non‐homologous end joining (NHEJ) repair in humans. Although both the SET and the transposase domains were necessary for its function in DSB repair, it is not clear what specific role Metnase plays in the NHEJ. In this study, we show that Metnase possesses a structure‐specific endonuclease activity that preferentially acts on ssDNA and ssDNA‐overhang of a partial duplex DNA. Cell extracts lacking Metnase barely supported DNA end joining. An addition of wt‐Metnase to cell extracts lacking Metnase fully restored DNA end joining activity, while a mutant lacking endonuclease activity failed to restore DNA end joining both in vivo and in vitro NHEJ repair. Further in vitro analysis indicated that Metnase has a facilitating role in the processing of non‐compatible ends. Together, our findings support a positive role for Metnase's endonuclease activity in promoting joining of non‐compatible DNA ends.
Mild inadequacy in multiple one‐carbon vitamins elevates Wnt‐signaling and promotes intestinal tumorigenesis in the BAT‐LacZxApc1638N mouse model
Authors: Liu Zhenhua , Ciappio Eric D. , Crott Jimmy W. , Brooks Ryan S. , Mason Joel B.
Published: June 2021

Prior work showed that mild depletion of folate and metabolically‐related one‐carbon vitamins alters several elements of the Wnt pathway‐a pivotal signaling cascade in colorectal cancer‐in a pattern consistent with its activation. We now tested whether activation of intestinal Wnt‐signaling indeed occurs, and whether it is accompanied by increased tumorigenesis. A hybrid mouse was created by crossing a ‘Wnt‐reporter’ animal (BAT‐LacZ) with a model of colorectal cancer (Apc1638N). Twenty‐one mice were fed either a replete diet or one mildly deplete in folate, vitamin B2, B6, and B12. After 16 weeks, intestinal neoplasms and aberrant crypt foci (ACF) of the colon were characterized. Quantitation of Wnt‐signaling (β‐galactosidase expression) was determined by real‐time PCR on colonic mRNA. There was a significantly greater number of both neoplasms and ACF observed in mice fed the deplete diet (p<0.05). Furthermore, a 4‐fold elevation in the expression of β‐galactosidase was present in the deplete group (p<0.05). These findings demonstrate the deplete diet activates Wnt‐signaling, and implicates it as a pathway by which multiple dietary one‐carbon vitamin inadequacies enhance intestinal tumorigenesis. (This project is supported by the Prevent Cancer Foundation)
Screening of some traditionally used Korean plants for anti‐hypertensive effects
Authors: Kim Do Ram , OK Elly , Kim Ji Yeon , Kwon Oran
Published: June 2021

Donguibogam, is an encyclopedia of medical knowledge and treatment techniques compiled in Korea in 1613. It contains that various herbal treatments and formula for each disease used in Korea, and it is even today considered a bible of Korean traditional medicine. The aim of this study is to examine the anti‐hypertensive effects of plants that have been traditionally used in Korea. To this purpose, we made a list of plants mentioned as herbal medicine used for symptoms of hypertension in Donguibogam. In order to clarify the anti‐hypertensive effects of these plants, a comprehensive search of articles published from 1975 to 2009 was performed using key words of biomarkers for hypertension in Pubmed, and KISTI (Korea Institute of Science and Technology Information). A total of 15 plants identified effective in these studies were selected among 71 items in list of plants and conducted in vitro studies on them. The test materials of the plants were kindly provided by Korea Research institute of Bioscience & Biotechnology. In vitro studies were designed to measure the production of endothelium‐dependent nitric oxide in HUVEC cell and inhibition of ACE to access the vasorelaxant effect of these plants. We suggest that among plants traditionally used to treat hypertension, materials identified to have vasorelaxant effect in various studies and in vitro experiments are more useful as anti‐hypertensive agent.
Corn gluten hydrolysates Improved insulin sensitivity in diet‐induced obese(DIO) rats.
Authors: Jeong Hye In , Kim Ji Yeon , Kwon Oran
Published: June 2021

We investigated the influence of corn gluten hydrolysates on insulin sensitivity in diet induced obese rats. Eight week old male Sprague Dawley rats (n=80) were divided into two groups. One group (n=8) was fed normal fat diet (16.9% energy from fat) and the other group (n=72) was fed high fat diet (60.0% energy from fat) for 13 weeks. After 13 weeks, We sacrificed some rats from high fat diet group(n=8) and normal fat diet group(n=8) for the identification of obesity. The obesity was confirmed by body weight, fat pad weight, plasma lipid concentration. After then high fat diet group was randomly divided into 8 groups according to their fat levels (16.9% or 60% energy from fat) and kinds of treatment (casein, corn gluten hydrolysates, leucine or BCAA) for 8 weeks. Fasting blood glucose level and plasma insulin concentration was significantly lower in corn gluten hydrolysates groups than other groups regardless their fat intake level. Also C‐peptide level was significantly lower in corn gluten hydrolysates groups. Insulin resistance(HOMA‐IR) was calculated using Fasting blood glucose and plasma insulin. HOMA‐IR was significant different between corn gluten hydrolysates groups and other groups regardless fat intake level. In conclusion, corn gluten hydrolysates enhanced insulin sensitivity in diet‐induced obese rats.
CLINICAL ANATOMY OF TRAUMATIC DEFORMITIES OF FINGERS EXTENSOR APONEUROSIS
Authors: MATUSZ PETRU L , BRATU TIBERIU , MASTACANEANU MIHAELA , GALOSI LUCIAN , PRILIPCEANU GEORGEANA , HORDOVAN ENIKO‐CHRISTINE , OPRIS ADRIANA
Published: June 2021

The main traumatic deformities of the extensor expansion (EE) are the boutonnière lesion (BL) and the mallet finger (MF). The classical BL is characterized by flexion deformity at the proximal interphalangeal joint, with hyperextension of the metacarpophalangeal and terminal interphalangeal joint, caused by the rupture or division of the central slip of the EE in a finger. The MF is defined as a deformity resulting from loss of EE continuity to the distal finger joint. We analyzed the frequency of location for the two hands and for fingers II–V, on 2 consecutive series of 100 cases each. We noticed a slight predominance in the right hand fingers for both types of lesions: 54% for BL, and 57% for MF. Location of BL was as follows: 8% index finger (II); 42% middle finger (III); 29% ring finger (IV) and 21% little finger (V). There was no multidigital involvement in cases of traumatic BL. Location of MF was as follows: 34% index finger (II); 23% middle finger (III); 17% ring finger (IV) and 26% little finger (V). In three clinical cases there were two fingers involved (fingers IV and V). Traumatic lesions of the EE are more frequent in the dominant hand. The BL involve most often the fingers II and III (index and middle fingers), and MF lesions are more often located in fingers III and IV (middle and ring fingers). (Supported by CNMP 62054/2008).
The adaptation mechanisms of liver in combined pathologies
Authors: Dzidziguri Diana , Bakuradze Ekaterine , Modebadze Irina , Ninua Levan , Dekanoidze Davit , Rusishvili Levan
Published: June 2021

The great potential of liver restoration has been described in different liver pathologies. There are various forms of liver diseases. Hence, comparative study of regenerative processes in different pathologies is especially significant for drawing out of modern methods of regenerative therapy.

Earlier we have demonstrated that the reparative multiple growth of genome in some population of destructive liver cells occurs after bilateral adrenalectomy. In such conditions the resection of liver initiates a series of quick cell divisions (early mitoses) in the population of hepatocytes and provides partial repairing of liver functional activity. Bile duct ligation within 4 days also initiates the accumulation of polyplody cells in liver for repairing its functional activity. It is significant that at the same time the hepatocyte mitotic activity in cholestatic liver reaches the its maximal value.

The aim of the present work was to study the adaptation mechanisms of liver in combined pathologies (bilateral adrenalectomy and cholestasis).

The investigations were carried out on 50 adult (150–180 g) rats. Common bile duct ligation was made after 4 days from bilateral adrenalectomy.

We have demonstrated that the ploidy of liver parenchymal cells (4c, 4cx2, 8c) significantly increases during 2 days after common bile duct ligation. We have also demonstrated that combined pathologies cause the speeding‐up of mitotic activity, which is explained by stimulating of signal transduction pathways in cholestatic liver in conditions of hormonal disbalance.
A Role for p65 Signaling in Muscle‐derived Stem Cell Survival and Differentiation
Authors: Proto Jonathan , Lu Aiping , Robbins Paul , Huard Johnny
Published: June 2021

Cell therapies to repair damaged muscles with muscle‐derived stem cells (MDSCs) have proven to be superior to similar therapies with myoblasts. MDSCs can differentiate into various mesenchymal lineages and are highly resistant to oxidative stress, which previous work has shown may correlate with enhanced regenerative potential in vivo. Nuclear factor kappa B (NF‐kB), often considered an anti‐apoptotic signal, has recently been implicated in the muscle differentiation program. Two NF‐kB subunits, p65 and p50, are thought to play a negative role in early myogenesis. We investigated if inhibition of NF‐kB signaling in MDSCs would improve myogenic differentiation. We isolated MDSCs from 5 mo old WT and p65 heterozygous (p65+/−) mice and inhibited p65 signaling in WT MDSCs through the use of IKK‐2 Inhibitor IV (IKKi, Calbiochem), which selectively prevents IKK‐2 from activating the NF‐kB pathway. We also compared the survival under oxidative stress of p65+/− MDSCs to WT MDSCs using a live cell imaging system. We observed that treatment with IKKi enhanced MDSC differentiation into myosin heavy chain expressing myotubes. Interestingly, genetic reduction of p65 not only positively impacted cell survival under oxidative stress but also differentiation under stressful conditions. This data supports the conclusion that NF‐κB signaling has a regulatory role in MDSC survival and fate determination. Furthermore, NF‐kB signal transduction could represent a potential therapeutic target to improve muscle cell based therapies to enhance muscle regeneration in muscle disease and injury. This work was supported in part by the Henry J. Mankin Endowed Chair for Orthopaedic Research at the University of Pittsburgh, the William F. and Jean W. Donaldson Chair at Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, and the Hirtzel Foundation.
Modulation of Muscle Derived Cell Survival with N‐acetylcysteine and Dietyl Maleate: Implication for Muscle Cell Based Therapies
Authors: Beckman Sarah Ann , Drowley Lauren , Huard Johnny
Published: June 2021

A major issue with cellular transplantation for cardiac repair has been the poor survival of transplanted cells. Cells that have increased survival under stressful conditions could result in improved function. We have previously shown that treating muscle derived stem cells (MDSCs) with antioxidants improves functional cardiac repair, however one of the most abundant cells from skeletal muscle that have been used for cardiac repair is myoblasts. We hypothesize that by altering the level of antioxidants in myoblasts, we will see a similar influence on cell survival and cardiac repair. To examine this, we reduced levels of the antioxidant glutathione with diethyl maleate (DEM) and treated cells with N‐acetylcysteine (NAC), which increases antixoidants. We have examined in vitro characteristics of survival, proliferation, and fusion. Treatment with NAC improved cell survival after oxidative stress compared to DEM and untreated cells. Treatment with DEM decreases fusion compared to NAC and control. Treatment with NAC is simple, inexpensive, and does not cause a permanent transformation of the cells, making this extremely attractive as a potential clinical treatment for cell therapy. This work was supported in part by the Cardiovascular Bioengineering Training Program T‐32 5T32HL076124‐05.
Cardiac MuRF1 expression alters mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation function in vivo
Authors: Willis Monte S , Rodriguez Jessica E , Zungu Makhosazane
Published: June 2021

Muscle ring finger 1 (MuRF1) is a cardiac‐specific ubiquitin ligase regulating cardiac atrophy and fatty acid metabolism. Here, we examined the effects of cardiac‐specific over expression (MuRF1 Tg+) and ablation (MuRF1 −/−) of MuRF1 on mitochondrial bioenergetics in the heart. Cardiac mitochondrial respiration parameters were measured using a Clark‐type oxygen electrode using a combination of malate (M), palmitoyl‐L‐carnitine (CP), pyruvate (P) and succinate (S) as oxidative substrates. The oligomycin‐insensitive basal proton leak was augmented in the MuRF1 Tg+ cardiac mitochondria by 40 ± 2.4% (n=5; p<0.05 vs. wild‐type control) when M+P were used as oxidative substrates. The respiratory control index (RCI), a marker of mitochondrial viability, was increased in the MuRF1 −/− mice by 48 ± 4.5% (n=5; p<0.05 vs. wild type control) when succinate was employed as an oxidative substrate. No significant changes were observed in the other mitochondrial parameters measured. Our data demonstrate that increased cardiac MuRF1 expression results in impaired mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation as a result of increased basal proton leak, which may explain the increased susceptibility to heart failure we have identified in MuRF1 Tg+ hearts.
Puromycin Sensitive Aminopeptidase (PSA/NPEPPS) has neuroprotective effect in the mouse model of TAU induced neurodegeneration
Authors: Karsten Stanislav L. , Parfenova Liubov , Lau Kimbley , Vi Nancy , Hui Maria , Gray Michelle , Yang X. William , Hui Koon‐Sea , Kudo Lili C.
Published: June 2021

Previously we identified PSA as a novel modifier of TAU‐induced neurodegeneration with effects via direct proteolysis of TAU protein. To investigate PSA's effects in the mammalian system in vivo, we generated PSA transgenic mice using BAC mediated technology. PSA mice reveal no gross anatomical or behavioral abnormalities. PSA expression and activity were elevated in the brain and other organs of hemizygous PSA mice 2 to 3 fold compared to controls. PSA mice have no significant changes in enkephalin turnover/degradation, indicating PSA is not a primary enkephalinase.

To test PSA's neuroprotective ability in vivo, we crossed our PSA mice with TAUP301L transgenic mice. PSA/TAUP301L mice develop paralysis up to 1.5 months later than TAUP301L mice and show improved motor neuron counts. Immunohistochemistry showed reduced levels of hyperphosphorylated TAU in multiple brain regions of PSA/TAUP301L mice. Western blot analysis of adult and aged PSA/TAUP301L mice exhibit complete elimination of human mutated TAU.

Our data confirm that elevating PSA activity in vivo blocks accumulation of soluble toxic TAU protein and may slow down the disease progression, making it a feasible therapeutic approach to treat tauopathies such as Alzheimer's disease.

This work was supported by UCLA Alzheimer's Disease Research Center (SLK), CurePSP (SLK), Alzheimer's Association (SLK, LCK) and NARSAD (SLK).
The Role of Mast Cells in a Fat Embolism Model
Authors: Vijaypura Charmi , Poisner Alan , Lankachandra Kamani , Dim Daniel , Herndon Betty , Rawls Jennifer , McIff Terrence , Adler Federico , Molteni Agostino
Published: June 2021

Mast cells are found in many cases of bronchial and pulmonary damage. Fat embolism, an event consequent to long bone fractures, often precedes pulmonary damage. This study reports mast cell response in a fat embolism model of lung damage in the rat. Pure triolein (0.2 mL) or saline (controls) were injected (i.v.)into 44 rats, sacrificed at 24, 48, 96 hr and 3 or 6 weeks. Five rats received captopril (50 mg/kg), losartan (10 mg/kg) or both drugs. Lungs were formalin fixed and stained for mast cells. Three pathologists independently counted peribronchial and subpleural areas for stained cells. Triolein treated rats showed severe inflammation of bronchi and lungs, pulmonary fibrosis, vasculitis with marked occlusion of arteries, effects which peaked at 96 hr with partial recovery at 3 and 6 weeks. Fat was present, reduced in amount, up to 6 weeks. Captopril, losartan or their combination produced reduced inflammation and greater lumen patency. Mast cells occurred in both triolein treated rats and controls in similar numbers. Combination treatment with the two drugs resulted in a significant increase of bronchial mast cells, p=0.001, ANOVA and post‐tests. Renin secretion has been reported in pulmonary mast cells. The mast cell response to drugs regulating the renin angiotensin system suggests a need for study of this system to clarify protection mechanisms in fat‐induced lung damage.
The novel plasminogen receptor, Plg‐RKT, facilitates plasminogen‐dependent macrophage migration and recruitment
Authors: Lighvani Shahrzad , Baik Nagyung , Diggs Jenna E , Parmer Robert J , Miles Lindsey A
Published: June 2021

Plasminogen activation is markedly enhanced on cell surfaces. Cell‐bound plasmin plays a key role in cell migration. Plg‐RKT is a novel transmembrane plasminogen receptor induced when promonocytes differentiate. Here we investigated the role of Plg‐RKT in macrophage migration using an anti‐Plg‐RKT mAb that competes with plasminogen for binding to cells. Chemotaxis was stimulated by MCP‐1 in transwells using U937 monocytoid cells that expressed high levels of Plg‐RKT. In the presence of plasminogen, cell migration was markedly decreased by treatment with anti‐Plg‐RKT mAb compared to treatment with isotype control. In a peritoneal inflammation model, C57BL/6 female mice were injected intravenously with either anti‐Plg‐RKT mAb or isotype control prior to intraperitoneal injection with 3% thioglycollate, followed by a second intravenous injection of mAb. Cells were harvested by peritoneal lavage. Anti‐Plg‐RKT mAb inhibited macrophage recruitment in a dose‐dependent manner [at the maximum dose of 27 μg/g, 58 ± 5.4 % fewer macrophages were recovered compared to the isotype control (p <0.001, n=5)]. Macrophage recruitment was significantly decreased in plasminogen null mice compared to wild type littermates, as reported. We found no effect of anti‐Plg‐RKT mAb upon macrophage recruitment in plasminogen null mice. These results suggest a major role of Plg‐RKT in the regulation of the inflammatory response.
Hot Start dNTPs‐ A Novel Tool for Controlled Nucleotide Incorporation in PCR
Authors: Shore Sabrina , Le Tony , Ashrafi Elena Hidalgo , Timoshchuk Victor , Paul Natasha , Hogrefe Richard , Koukhareva Inna , Lebedev Alexandre
Published: June 2021

PCR is a widely used scientific tool employed by a variety of applications. Various Hot Start technologies have already been developed using modified PCR components to increase specificity of a reaction. Recently developed CleanAmpTM dNTPs are modified nucleoside triphosphates with a thermolabile 3′‐tetrahydrofuranyl protecting group that is released at higher temperatures. These modified dNTPs prevent low temperature primer extension, which can often be a significant problem in PCR. At higher temperatures, the modified dNTPs are deprotected, to allow for incorporation by the DNA polymerase and more specific amplification of the intended target. The use of CleanAmpTM dNTPs provides comparable performance to other Hot Start technologies and shows promise to provide a synergistic effect when used in conjunction with other Hot Start methods. This modified dNTP technology also has the ability to use any DNA polymerase in a Hot Start system, which can be very cost effective. Although the utility of CleanAmpTM dNTPs in traditional Hot Start PCR has been previously demonstrated, they can also be used in more advanced PCR applications that require temperature‐controlled nucleotide incorporation. In these advanced applications, the CleanAmpTM dNTP modification blocks nucleotide incorporation during initial, lower temperature reactions, allowing for delayed nucleotide activation in a reaction. In summary, CleanAmpTM dNTPs have the potential to provide great versatility and flexibility in a vast number of applications including traditional Hot Start PCR.
CHROMIUM (VI) TREATMENT CAUSES CUT WINGS (ct) INDIVIDUALS OF DROSOPHILA MELANOGASTER
Authors: Bajraktari Ismet Dervish , Alija Avdulla , Mehmetaj Servete , Halili Fetah , Gashi Agim
Published: June 2021

In this study we investigated effect of chromium (VI) under laboratory conditions on genetic changes of wild type of D.melanogaster. The second chromosome of wild type flies was isolated and transferred either in homozygous(+′/+ ′) and heterozygous (+′/+ ″) state using Cy/Pm line. Individuals of this line contain dominant mutations (Cy – curly wings and Pm – plum eyes) and long inversions, which prevent recombination with analysed chromosomes, with the end result of stable heredity in the descendants. The +/Cy flies were fed a 0.01 percent solution of chromium (VI). Chromium (VI) solution was applied in both homozygotes (+′/Cy x +′/Cy) and heterozygotes (+′Cy x +″/Cy). The results showed that chromium (VI) treatment caused cut wings (ct) phenotype in some individuals.
Molecular Determination of Primary Versus Metastatic Squamous Cell Carcinoma (SCC) of the Lung in the Context of SCC of the Head and Neck (H/N)
Authors: Yang Xuebin , Pettus Jason , Tsongalis Gregory , Coleman William
Published: June 2021

Patients with SCC H/N are at a high risk of developing lung SCC. Given similar histology, the distinction between metastatic and primary SCC is difficult. Thus, molecular methods may be clinically useful to evaluate tumor relatedness. We previously showed that assessment of microsatellite allelic variation can be utilized to discriminate multiple primary versus metastatic SCC of H/N. The goal of this study was to refine this methodology using fluorescent‐labeled primers with automated detection. Genomic DNA was extracted from paraffin‐embedded tumor samples from nine patients who had undergone resection of SCC of both the H/N and lung. Comparison was made between microsatellite PCR with PAGE analysis versus fluorescent product detection. Both methods yielded interpretable results. Metastatic lung SCC were characterized by either identical alleles or allelic losses as compared to SCC H/N, while metachronous primary SCC lung were characterized by discordant alleles to the SCC H/N. Fluorescent product detection is able to detect some allelic discordant which is not detectable by PAGE analysis. Fluorescent product detection is sensitive and high‐throughput. The results confirm that molecular methods can distinguish primary vs. metastatic SCC of the lung in the context of SCC H/N. Accurate characterization of these lesions may significantly impact clinical management strategies for these patients.