bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
población de los territorios nacionales patagónicos quince años después de las «campañas al desierto»
Authors: Migone Agustín Rodrigo
Published: February 2025

Hacia finales del siglo XIX y principios del XX, Argentina emprendió una política estatal de expansión y conquista de los territorios chaqueños y patagónicos, que hasta ese momento eran controlados por las poblaciones indígenas que allí vivían. Esta serie de campañas quedaron inmortalizadas en los anales de la historia con el eufemismo “conquista del desierto”. Si bien el sustantivo “desierto” es cuestionable no lo es el de “conquista”. La colonización posterior a la mencionada conquista despierta interrogantes que aún siguen sin respuestas, y es por ello que nos propusimos de manera general estudiar cómo se distribuyeron, que características presentaban, y de qué manera influyeron las corrientes migratorias que, en su heterogeneidad y complejidad, nutrieron estos nuevos territorios y contribuyeron a desarrollar y diversificar no solamente la economía, sino también las relaciones sociales y culturales. Para reconstruir estas poblaciones, hemos utilizado las cédulas censales del segundo censo nacional a través del conocido portal de la Iglesia de Jesucristo y los Santos de los Últimos Días (www.familysearch.com). Con sus datos elaboramos una base con el cual medimos y evaluamos la densidad poblacional de los territorios nacionales de Tierra del Fuego, Santa Cruz, Chubut, Río Negro, Neuquén y La Pampa. Nuestro enfoque incluye la distinción entre la población autóctona de estas áreas y las diversas corrientes migratorias que convergieron en cada departamento y distrito. Además, nos enfocamos en caracterizar aspectos cruciales como la distribución etaria y de género. Como resultado, esperamos haber conformado una primera imagen sobre las poblaciones de estos territorios, pudiendo no solo ponderar el rol de la migración, sino también caracterizarla, medir su impacto, y contribuir a la historia de los territorios patagónicos.
Evaluation of Biofilm Formation on Different Orthodontic Bracket Materials.
Authors: Abutayyem Huda , George Jeny Mary , Kuriadom Sam Thomas , Alam Mohammad Khursheed
Published: February 2025

Background Biofilm formation on orthodontic brackets is a significant concern due to its implications on oral hygiene, caries development, and periodontal health. The choice of bracket material may influence biofilm adherence and growth. This study evaluates biofilm formation on different orthodontic bracket materials to identify the least biofilm-retentive options. Materials and Methods A total of 60 orthodontic brackets, divided into three groups based on material type—metallic (n=20), ceramic (n=20), and composite resin (n=20)—were tested. Artificial saliva was used to mimic oral conditions, and Streptococcus mutans was selected as the primary biofilm-forming bacterium. Brackets were incubated for 48 hours at 37°C, after which biofilm quantification was performed using crystal violet staining and spectrophotometric analysis at 595 nm. Statistical analysis was conducted using ANOVA to compare biofilm formation across groups. Results The mean optical density (OD) values for biofilm formation were as follows: metallic brackets (0.25 ± 0.05), ceramic brackets (0.42 ± 0.08), and composite resin brackets (0.58 ± 0.07). Metallic brackets demonstrated the lowest biofilm formation, which was statistically significant compared to ceramic and composite resin brackets (p < 0.05). Ceramic brackets showed moderate biofilm formation, while composite resin brackets exhibited the highest levels of biofilm accumulation. Conclusion Metallic brackets are less conducive to biofilm formation compared to ceramic and composite resin brackets, making them a preferable choice for minimizing biofilm-related complications during orthodontic treatment. These findings emphasize the importance of material selection in orthodontic practice to promote better oral health outcomes.
BJMS, Volume: 24. Supplementary Issue 2025, Page : 69-72
The Role of Long Non-Coding RNAs HOTTIP, HOTAIR, and MALAT1 in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Panda Abikshyeet , Kumar Harish , Bhattacharjee Tathagata , Maheswaran T , Dash Kailash Chandra , Mohanty Aishwariya
Published: February 2025

When it comes to cancers of the head and neck, oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) ranks high. Its complicated and poorly known molecular pathways underlie its genesis and progression. An essential role in cancer aetiology is played by long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), which have recently come to light as key regulators of gene expression. The purpose of this article is to offer a thorough analysis of the functions of three long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) in relation to oral squamous cell carcinoma: HOTTIP, HOTAIR, and MALAT1.
BJMS, Volume: 24. Supplementary Issue 2025, Page : 34-38
Impact of Different Cavity Preparation Techniques on Dentin Bond Strength.
Authors: Abuzenada Basem Mohammed
Published: February 2025

Background The durability and effectiveness of dental restorations are greatly affected by the strength of the dentin bond. Adhesion between dentin and restorative materials may be affected by several cavity preparation processes, including conventional, laser, and air abrasion. Examining how various cavity preparation methods affect dentin bond strength is the goal of this research. Materials and Methods The cavity preparation method was determined by randomly assigning 80 removed human molars to one of four groups: conventional rotary (control), laser, air abrasion, or ultrasonic. After the appropriate procedure was used to prepare each tooth, a composite resin substance with a bonding agent was used to repair it. Specimens were tested for microtensile bond strength after being stored in distilled water for 24 hours. Statistical analysis was performed using one-way ANOVA followed by Tukey’s post hoc test, with a significance threshold of p<0.05. The findings were reported in megapascals (MPa). Results The bond strength values (mean ± SD) for the groups were Group 1 (Conventional rotary): 28.5 ± 4.2 MPa, Group 2 (Laser): 22.3 ± 3.8 MPa, Group 3 (Airabrasion): 25.7 ± 3.6 MPa, Group 4 (Ultrasonic): 27.1 ± 4.0 MPa. Statistical analysis showed that the conventional rotary and ultrasonic groups demonstrated significantly higher bond strengths compared to the laser group (p<0.05). The air abrasion group exhibited intermediate bond strength values, but no significant difference was observed between air abrasion and the other techniques. Conclusion Conventional rotary and ultrasonic techniques provide superior dentin bond strength compared to laser cavity preparation. Air abrasion yields comparable results to conventional methods but did not outperform them. Laser preparation significantly reduces bond strength, suggesting that it may require modified bonding protocols for optimaladhesion.
BJMS, Volume: 24. Supplementary Issue 2025, Page : 104-108
Morphological Variations in the Inferior Alveolar Canal Detected through Cone Beam Computed Tomography (CBCT): A Retrospective Study
Authors: Alharbi Abdullah Ali , Kolarkodi Shaul Hameed
Published: February 2025

Introduction The inferior alveolar canal (IAC) is a critical anatomical structure in the mandible, extending from the mandibular foramen to the mental foramen. It contains the inferior alveolar nerve, artery, and vein, which provide sensation and blood to mandibular teeth and surrounding tissues. Variations in the IAC, including bifid, trifid, or pseudo-bifid configurations, can complicate dental and maxillofacial procedures. Cone Beam Computed Tomography (CBCT) allows detailed visualization of the IAC and aids in identifying these morphological variations. Objective This study aimed to evaluate the prevalence and characteristics of IAC morphological variations using CBCT in a Saudi Arabian population. Methodology This retrospective study analysed 1,006 CBCT scans from the College of Dentistry at Al-Qassim University, Saudi Arabia. Two trained observers independently examined the CBCT images for IAC variations, including bifid, trifid, and double mandibular canals. Discrepancies were resolved through consensus. The study used chi-square tests to determine associations between variables, with a significance level of p < 0.05. Demographic information and canal types were recorded, and variations were classified into five types. Results The study revealed that 19.78% of participants exhibited some form of IAC variation, with a significant gender-based difference: 70.4% of those with variations were male, while 29.6% were female. The most common canal type was Type II (bifid mandibular canals), accounting for 35.2% of cases, followed by Type I (32.2%) and Type III (23.6%). The distribution of canal types across genders indicated that males exhibited a higher prevalence in certain canal types and regions. Conclusion The findings underscore the critical role of CBCT in preoperative planning for dental and maxillofacial surgery, with a focus on identifying potential IAC variations.
BJMS, Volume: 24. Supplementary Issue 2025, Page : 109-116
Clinicopathological characteristics of Fungal infections with special emphasis on Dematiaceous Fungi: A Cross-sectional study
Authors: Sigamani Karthik , M S Nandini , Narayanan R Sankar , Rajesh E
Published: February 2025

Background Fungal infections are seen mostly as opportunistic infections in immunocompromised patients and as traumatic infections in immunocompetent individuals. In recent times, there is increasing trends of fungal infections in immunocompetent patients without any history of trauma. There are very few studies available in India on dematiaceous fungi in clinical settings. Aims and Objectives: To analyse the clinico-histopathological features of dematiaceous fungal infections in comparison with other fungal infections among patients in a tertiary care hospital. Materials and methods This cross-sectional study included all the fungal infections reported in histopathology during the 8 years period from January 2015 to December 2022. Hematoxylin & Eosin (H&E) stained histopathology slides were reviewed and special stains like Periodic Acid Schiff (PAS) & Gomori Methenamine Silver (GMS) were carried out for confirmation in all the fungal infections. Results A total of 60 patients diagnosed with fungal infections by histopathological examination were analyzed. There was male preponderance (61.7%) with peak incidence in 41-60 years. Of the total 60 fungal infections, Aspergillosis (36.7%) was the common type with dematiaceous fungi accounting for 13.4% (8 cases) of infections. Among the 8 cases of dematiaceous fungi, phaeohyphomycosis constituted 7 cases (87.5%) while chromoblastomycosis constituted one case (12.5%). Around 75% of the dematiaceous fungal infections showed foreign body granulomatous host tissue response while cystic changes occurred only in dematiaceous fungi compared to other fungal infections. Conclusion Awareness about the histopathological features of this rare group of dematiaceous subcutaneous mycoses is important in arriving at the correct diagnosis. Histopathology aided by special stains provides a rapid, cost-effective and definitive diagnosis in most of these cases.
BJMS, Volume: 24. Supplementary Issue 2025, Page : 144-148
Prolotherapy in the management of temporomandibular joint disorders
Authors: Chowdhury Esha , Ebenezer Vijay , Ram E Thulasi , Risha S Mymoonah , Natarajan Prabhu Manickam
Published: February 2025

Discomfort and dysfunction in the jaw joint and its surrounding tissues are hallmarks of a complex set of disorders known as temporomandibular disorders (TMD). A newer method for treating TMD is prolotherapy, which is a kind of regenerative injectable treatment. A proliferant fluid, often dextrose, is injected into the joint area to induce a localised inflammatory response. This reduces temporomandibular joint discomfort while also encouraging tissue healing. When alternative treatment options for temporomandibular disorders (TMDs) have failed, prolotherapy may be a lifesaver. The regenerative nature of prolotherapy aligns with the need for interventions that address the underlying causes of TMD, such as joint laxity and ligamentous instability. For a successful outcome of prolotherapy, there must be a proper selection of patients and identification of specific subtypes of TMD. This article provides an overview of the different temporomandibular disorders and the application of prolotherapy in these disorders, summarizes existing evidence and highlights the key findings.
BJMS, Volume: 24. Supplementary Issue 2025, Page : 156-159
Complex Interplay: Irritable Bowel Syndrome and the Incidental Discovery of Malrotated Kidney
Authors: Alanazi Abdulrahman Mohammed
Published: February 2025

Background Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS) a functional gastrointestinal disorder that, when combined with Iron Deficiency Anaemia (IDA), greatly impacts one’s quality of life. This case study explores the challenges involved in diagnosing and treating a patient with IBS, IDA, and a renal anatomical anomaly. Case Presentation A 29-year-old Saudi woman came in with symptoms suggesting IBS and ongoing IDA despite taking iron supplements. Her medical history revealed a disc prolapse, but there were no signs of gastrointestinal bleedings or dietary deficiencies that could account for the anaemia. During a diagnostic imaging procedure, a malrotated kidney was unexpectedly discovered. Investigations Diagnostic criteria from Rome IV were utilised for diagnosing IBS. The laboratory results indicated IDA, and a CT scan verified the renal abnormality. The management plan involved making dietary adjustments to address IBS and improve iron absorption. Medications were used to alleviate abdominal pain, and both oral and intravenous iron treatments were administered for IDA. The potential impact of the rotated kidney on the patient’s symptoms and anaemia was taken into account, necessitating continuous assessment. Conclusion The case emphasises the significance of taking a comprehensive, interdisciplinary approach when dealing with patients who have intricate gastroenterological symptoms, especially when there are accompanying anatomical irregularities. Furthermore, it highlights the importance of accurate diagnostic methods to identify root causes that may impact the management and outlook of IBS and IDA.
BJMS, Volume: 24. Supplementary Issue 2025, Page : 178-182
The effect of medical informatics training on students' knowledge and attitude to use it in future medical work: a comparative study among Saudi medical students
Authors: Ahmad Mohammad Shakil , Shaik Riyaz Ahamed , Alzahrani Raed , Bhat Meenakshi , Matbouly Ghassan , Ahsan Marya , Mallick Ayaz Khurram , Ahmad Ritu Kumar , Albaqami Fahad Mohammed , Alotaibi Rahaf Mutlaq
Published: February 2025

Introduction The integration of medical informatics (MI) in medical education is crucial for preparing future healthcare professionals to effectively utilize technology in their practice. This study aimed to investigate the impact of MI training on Saudi medical students’ knowledge and attitude towards using technology in future medical practice. Method A cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted among medical students at Saudi medical universities, employing a non-probability convenience sampling method. A standard pre-structured, self-reported questionnaire was used to collect data from 1508 students, with 1192 having undertaken an MI course and 316 not having undertaken the course. The validated questionnaire included two dimensions of knowledge and attitude and each dimension had 12 items. Results The mean scores of knowledge and attitude towards MI were significantly higher among students who had undertaken the MI course compared to those who had not (p < 0.001). The results highlighted the effectiveness of MI training in enhancing students’ understanding of various MI concepts and applications, including electronic medical records, patient confidentiality, clinical decision support systems, telemedicine, e-prescriptions, evidence-based practice, and legal/ethical considerations in clinical informatics. Conclusion This result of this study highlights the significance of MI course in shaping students’ perceptions and understanding of various aspects of healthcare, particularly in the context of EMRs, patient confidentiality, and the role of technology in healthcare. The findings provide valuable insights into the transformative impact of MI training on students’ knowledge and attitude towards utilizing informatics in their future medical careers.
BJMS, Volume: 24. Supplementary Issue 2025, Page : 170-177
Role of pilocarpine to prevent radiation induced xerostomia in locally advanced head and neck squamous cell cancer
Authors: Saha Happy , Hossain Altaf , Alam Nazmul , Sultana Shabnam
Published: February 2025

Background: Radiotherapy of head and neck region generally includes irradiation of the salivary glands. That results in glandular dysfunction which leads to xerostomia. Xerostomia, the subjective sensation of dry mouth which significantly deteriorates the quality of life. Aim and objective: To compare the effects of pilocarpine HCL with basic oral care vs only basic oral care for controlling xerostomia in patients with locally advanced Head and neck squamous Cell Carcinoma patients having definitive concurrent chemoradiotherapy. Material and Method: A prospective observational hospital based study was carried out in the Department of Oncology, Khwaja Yunus Ali Medical College & Hospital from July 2017 to June 2018 on sixty patients of locally advanced HNSCC. All the patients received 66 Gy/33 Fraction/6.5 wks with concurrent weekly cisplatin (40mg/m²). The study group received concomitant Pilocarpine HCL 5 mg three times a day, starting three days prior to start of radiotherapy, continued for 3 months. Patients were evaluated before start of treatment, weekly during radiotherapy and after completion of radiotherapy two weekly over telephone upto 3 months and finally at 6 months using Zimmermen Xerostomia Questionnaire with Visual Analogue Scale and Xerostomia Grading Scale. Result: Overall incidence of xerostomia was significantly lower in pilocarpine group (p<0.05). The average Zimmerman Xerostomia scores of the pilocarpine group as compared to the control group: Dryness of mouth were significantly lower (p<0.05) in each of the assessment after the start of radiotherapy. Significant p value is also found in measurement of comfort status of mouth, sleep impairment, speech impairment and difficulty in eating. Conclusion: Pilocarpine given concomitantly and after radiotherapy has shown to reduce symptoms of xerostomia and lower the degree of post radiation salivary dysfunction than that occurring in the patients who had not received pilocarpine.
Bang Med J Khulna 2022; 55; 13-18
DEVELOPMENT OF VT-UNUJA APPLICATION AS A WEBVR-BASED CAMPUS ENVIRONMENT INTRODUCTION MEDIA
Authors: Huda Miftahul , Fajri Fathorazi Nur , Maulidiansyah Maulidiansyah
Published: February 2025

Conventional campus introductions are often limited in providing an immersive experience to prospective students, especially for those who cannot attend in person. This encourages the need for technology-based solutions that can overcome these limitations. This research develops a WebVR-based VT-UNUJA application as a campus introduction media that offers an interactive experience with 360-degree panoramic image features, hotspot descriptions, navigation, and voice-over. The purpose of this research is to create an application that can increase user understanding of campus locations and facilities more efficiently and easily accessible. The test results show that this application is effective in improving user understanding, with a high level of satisfaction with the ease of use and interactivity of the application. The benefits of this research are to contribute in improving campus professionalism in presenting information digitally, as well as providing innovative alternatives for other educational institutions in supporting the orientation process for prospective students.
Breaking the Silence: Tackling Stigma Around Pelvic Floor Dysfunction
Authors: Lorge Jenna
Published: February 2025

PELVIC floor dysfunction can have debilitating and devastating consequences on the health and well-being of women, yet these issues are often under-researched and not discussed openly in wider society. This has led to stigma for people experiencing symptoms, as well as increased barriers to treatment. At the Global Innovation and New Technology (GIANT) Health Event 2024, hosted in London, UK, an expert panel explored the role of technology and digital health in addressing this issue, as well as the innovative Women’s Health Hub concept gaining traction in the UK.
PENGABDIAN PEMERIKSAAN MATA USIA SEKOLAH DASAR DI SDN PADANGSARI 01 KOTA SEMARANG JAWA TENGAH
Authors: Kholil Mochammad
Published: February 2025

Kelainan refraksi adalah suatu keadaan dimana sinar-sinar sejajar yang memasuki bola mata  dibiaskan oleh media refrakta tidak tepat pada retina.(1) Kelainan refraksi pada mata terdiri atas miopia, hipermetropia, astigmatisme. Myopia adalah suatu keadaan dimana sinar-sinar sejajar yang memasuki bolamata dibiaskan oleh media refrakta didepan retina. Kelainan refraksi dapat dikoreksi dengan menggunaan kacamata, lensa kontak, dan saat ini dapat dilakukan prosedur bedah refraktif antara lain excimer laser, misalnya LASIK. Tujuan pengabdian untuk memberikan penyuluhan tentang kesehatan mata pada murid Padangsari 01  Semarang supaya dapat mengetahui tentang kesehatan mata di usia sekolah dalam pelayanan kesehatan mata di kota Semarang. Metode pengabdian ini adalah menggunakan metode ceramah untuk selanjutnya dilanjutkan dengan menggunakan analisa pemeriksaan refraksi terhadap murid tersebut. Pengabdian dilakukan adalah dengan memberikan materi tentang kesehatan mata diusia sekolah dan pencegahan kelainan refraksi. Sasarannya adalah semua murid SDN Padangsari 01 semarang,. Hasil pengabdian,  Kegiatan ini diawali dengan koordinasi denngan pihak SDN Padangsari 01  semarang , Pelaksanaan pengabdian dilakukan terhadap 50 murid, dengan antusias yang tinggi dari banyak pertanyaan dari para murid. Dan Pemberian kacamata terhadap murid Padangsari 01  yang mengalami kelainan refrkasi. Laporan hasil pengabdian ini dari 50 murid yang diperiksa terdapat 16 kelainan refraksi Astigmatismus, dan 34 murid kelainan refraksi Myopia.
Effectiveness of DM Smart Ludo Educational Media on Knowledge and Blood Sugar Control in T2DM Patients in the Working Area of North Polombangkeng Health Center, Takalar Regency
Authors: Ilham Rosmin , Zainuddin Zainuddin , Suardi Suardi
Published: February 2025

This study aimed to assess the effectiveness of DM Smart Ludo educational gaming media on knowledge and blood sugar control in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients in the working area of the North Polombangkeng Health Center, Takalar Regency, Indonesia. The research employed a quantitative, pre-experimental one-group pre-post test design with 33 T2DM patients selected through accidental sampling. Data were collected using a standardized questionnaire for knowledge assessment and observation sheets coupled with blood glucose level measurements for evaluating blood sugar control. The Wilcoxon test was used for statistical analysis with a significance level of p<0.05. The results showed a significant improvement in knowledge after the intervention, with the average score increasing from 6.52 to 12.06 (p=0.000). Blood sugar control also improved significantly, with the average blood glucose level decreasing from 287.30 mg/dL before the intervention to 214.09 mg/dL in the fourth week post-intervention (p=0.000). The percentage of respondents with normal blood sugar levels increased from 12.1% pre-intervention to 57.6% in the fourth week. In conclusion, the DM Smart Ludo educational gaming media significantly improved knowledge and blood sugar control in T2DM patients, highlighting the potential of game-based interventions in diabetes management. Further research with larger sample sizes and longer durations is recommended to confirm these findings.
Bone marrow immune cells and drug resistance in acute myeloid leukemia
Authors: Zhang Miao , Yang You , Liu Jing , Guo Ling , Guo Qulian , Liu Wenjun
Published: February 2025

In recent years, the relationship between the immunosuppressive niche of the bone marrow and therapy resistance in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) has become a research focus. The abnormal number and function of immunosuppressive cells, including regulatory T cells (Tregs) and myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs), along with the dysfunction and exhaustion of immunological effector cells, including cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs), dendritic cells (DCs) and natural killer cells (NKs), can induce immune escape of leukemia cells and are closely linked to therapy resistance in leukemia. This article reviews the research progress on the relationship between immune cells in the marrow microenvironment and chemoresistance in AML, aiming to provide new ideas for the immunotherapy of AML.
Microbial dysbiosis in periodontitis and peri-implantitis: pathogenesis, immune responses, and therapeutic
Authors: Cui Ziwei , Wang Peng , Gao Weiyue
Published: February 2025

The oral microbiome comprises over 700 distinct species, forming complex biofilms essential for maintaining oral and systemic health. When the microbial homeostasis in the periodontium is disrupted, pathogens within the biofilm can cause periodontitis and peri-implantitis, inducing host immune responses. Understanding the role of microbial communities and the immune mechanisms in oral health and disease is crucial for developing improved preventive, diagnostic and therapeutic strategies. However, many questions remain about how changes in bacterial populations contribute to the development and progression of these conditions. An electronic and manual literature search was conducted using PubMed, Excerpta Medica, Frontiers Reports and the Wiley Online Library databases for relevant articles. Data from these publications were extracted and the overall findings were summarized in a narrative manner. The variations in microbial communities and immune responses of periodontitis and peri-implantitis are explored. Dysbiosis of the subgingival microbiome—characterized by an increase in pathogenic bacteria such as Porphyromonas gingivalis, Tannerella forsythia, and Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans—plays a pivotal role in the initiation and progression of periodontitis. As for peri-implantitis, alterations include a higher abundance of opportunistic pathogens and reduced microbial diversity around implants. Moreover, oral dysbiosis potentially influencing systemic health through immune-mediated pathways. Regional immunity of periodontium involving neutrophils, T helper cells-17, and immune-related cytokines is crucial for maintaining periodontal homeostasis and responding to microbial imbalances. Additionally, the impact of non-mechanical treatments—such as probiotics and laser therapy—on the oral microbiome is discussed, demonstrating their potential in managing microbial dysbiosis. These findings underscore that bacterial dysbiosis is a central factor in the development of periodontitis and peri-implantitis. Maintaining microbial balance is essential for preventing these diseases, and interventions targeting the microbiome could enhance treatment outcomes. Strategies focusing on controlling pathogenic bacteria, modulating immune responses, and promoting tissue regeneration are key to restoring periodontal stability. Further research is needed to clarify the mechanisms underlying the transition from peri-implant mucositis to peri-implantitis and to optimize prevention and treatment approaches, considering the complex interactions between the microbiome and host immunity.
Finding mobility in place attachment research: lessons for managed retreat
Authors: Willcocks-Musselman Robin , Baird Julia , Foster Karen , Woodhall-Melnik Julia , Sherren Kate
Published: February 2025

Climate change will affect many global landscapes in the future, requiring millions of people to move away from areas at risk from flooding, erosion, drought and extreme temperatures. The term managed retreat is increasingly used in the Global North to refer to the movement of people and infrastructure away from climate risks. Managed retreat, however, has proven to be one of the most difficult climate adaptation options to undertake because of the complex economic, social-cultural and psychological factors that shape individual and community responses to the relocation process. Among these factors, place attachment is expected to shape the possibilities for managed retreat because relocation disrupts the bonds and identities that individuals and communities have invested in place. Research at the intersection of place attachment and managed retreat is limited, partially because these are complicated constructs, each with confusing terminologies. By viewing the concept of managed retreat as a form of mobility-based climate adaptation, this paper attempts to gain insights from other mobility-related fields. We find that place attachment and mobility research has contributed to the development of a more complex and dynamic view of place attachment: such research has explored the role of place attachment as either constraining or prompting decisions to relocate, and started to explore how the place attachment process responds to disruptions and influences recovery from relocation. Beyond informing managed retreat scholars and practitioners, this research synthesis identifies several areas that need more attention. These needs include more qualitative research to better understand the dualistic role of place attachments in decisions to relocate, more longitudinal research about relocation experiences to fully comprehend the place attachment process during and after relocation, and increased exploration of whether place attachments can help provide stability and continuity during relocation.
Placental malaria infection is associated with downregulation of STAT-6 and ANG-1 in decidual macrophages
Authors: Owino Fred , Kijogi Caroline , Anzala Omu , Walong Edwin , Jael Obiero , Nyanjom Steven G. , Eric Agola Lelo , Kanoi Bernard N. , Gitaka Jesse
Published: February 2025

Introduction

Macrophages play a crucial immunological role in maintaining pregnancy. Placental malaria infection may cause dysfunction in decidual macrophages which then culminates in the associated pregnancy complications. Here, we determined the influence of placental malaria on decidual macrophages, by assessing their distribution based on their unique phenotypes, and examining their expression levels of transcription factors as well as angiogenic factors, in placentas from women living in a malaria-endemic area.

Methods

We compared these macrophage parameters in placentas from malaria infected women to those from the uninfected women. Placentas were collected upon delivery and malaria infection determined by histology together with PCR from dry blood spots obtained from placental blood. Following enzymatic dissociation of placental tissue, immune cells were enriched from the total population of placental cells by density centrifugation. Macrophage phenotypic characteristics were then analyzed from the placental immune cells by flow cytometry. The expression of surface markers CD68, CD80, CD86, CD163, CD206, and CD209, was used to delineate the macrophage populations. For gene expression profiling, macrophages were isolated from the placental immune cells and the expression level of transcription factors STAT-1, IRF-5, STAT-6, c-Maf and angiogenic factors ANG-1, ANG-2 and VEGF determined by qPCR.

Results and Discussion

We found no difference in the total macrophage populations and M1 and M2 macrophage profiles between uninfected and infected placentas, however, M2 macrophages were significantly higher compared to their M1 counterparts regardless of infection status. Notably, the gene expression levels of the transcription factor STAT-6 and angiogenic factor ANG-1 were significantly lower in infected placentas. These findings provide a basis for further understanding of the role of placental macrophages in placental malaria pathogenesis. Analysis of the functional consequences of these observations is needed to determine if these factors can be explored to reprogram macrophage polarization to desired state.
Depth variations as effective indicators for strength variation of Najran granites, Najran region, Saudi Arabia
Authors: Abd El Aal Ahmed , Al Zamana Yahya , Dunquwah Turki , Alsalmi Omar , Hussain Jabir , Iqbal Javed , Mohamedsalih Moustafa Abdulrahim , Radwan Ahmed E. , Al-Awah Hezam
Published: February 2025

Igneous rocks of various types are used for various purposes; however, their use as building stones for construction is ubiquitous due to their durability, hardness, appearance, and availability. This study thoroughly examines the impact of the petrographic and physico-mechanical characteristics of Najran granite on the rocks strength with depth variation. In this study 55 granite samples were acquired from various localities in the Najran area, and the various properties were analyzed including petrophysics, and geo-mechanics in reference to various burial depths of 0, 5, 10, 20, 25, and 30 m. Experimental models were constructed to delineate the link the burial depth and mechanical attributes, and then four specimens with different burial depths validated the experimental models. The results depict the direct relationship of mechanical attributes of rocks (i.e., SDI, Brazilian strength, uniaxial compressive strength (UCS), and tensile strength) with increase in burial depth. As the specimen depth increases from 0 to 30 m, the SDI, Brazilian strength, UCS, and tensile strength also increases from 98.67%, 16.65, 132, and 10.82 MPa to 99.76%, 20.46, 187, and 15.33 MPa, respectively. Moreover, the p-wave also increases with the increase in depth, indicating low porosity, voids, and high density. This observation is also confirmed by the low water absorption that decreases with depth as well. Analyses of XRF data also considered the mechanical reasons for the strength with burial depth effects; findings suggested a direct relationship between burial depths and UCS values and inverse relationship with quartz content. For a better knowledge of the granites throughout the region, it is advised to carry out comparative studies on other granites in Saudi Arabia and create a comprehension model using numerical simulation.
Surgery for diverticular peritonitis
Authors: Papagrigoriadis Savvas , Charalampopoulos Anestis
Published: February 2025

Some patients with acute diverticulitis will present with colonic perforation and peritonitis. This paper is a review of the surgical management of diverticular peritonitis Hinchey III and Hinchey IV. The significance of prompt management of sepsis is discussed. The surgical options for Hinchey III and Hinchey IV peritonitis are discussed with presentation of the supporting literature. In Hinchey III peritonitis Laparoscopic Peritoneal Lavage has emerged as an alternative to laparotomy—colectomy. The classic Hartmann’s operation has no advantage of survival and results frequently in permanent stoma. Recent published evidence supports on table colonic lavage and the performance of primary anastomosis unless the patient is critically ill.
The integration of AI in nursing: addressing current applications, challenges, and future directions
Authors: Wei Qiuying , Pan Songcheng , Liu Xiaoyu , Hong Mei , Nong Chunying , Zhang Weiqi
Published: February 2025

Artificial intelligence is increasingly influencing healthcare, providing transformative opportunities and challenges for nursing practice. This review critically evaluates the integration of AI in nursing, focusing on its current applications, limitations, and areas that require further investigation. A comprehensive analysis of recent studies highlights the use of AI in clinical decision support systems, patient monitoring, and nursing education. However, several barriers to successful implementation are identified, including technical constraints, ethical dilemmas, and the need for workforce adaptation. Significant gaps in the literature are also evident, such as the limited development of nursing-specific AI tools, insufficient long-term impact assessments, and the absence of comprehensive ethical frameworks tailored to nursing contexts. The potential of AI to reshape personalized care, advance robotics in nursing, and address global health challenges is explored in depth. This review integrates existing knowledge and identifies critical areas for future research, emphasizing the necessity of aligning AI advancements with the specific needs of nursing. Addressing these gaps is essential to fully harness AI's potential while reducing associated risks, ultimately enhancing nursing practice and improving patient outcomes.
Small molecule metabolites drive plant rhizosphere microbial community assembly patterns
Authors: Ma Yanwei , Wang Heqi , Kang Yalong , Wen Tao
Published: February 2025

The assembly of rhizosphere microbial communities is essential for maintaining plant health, yet it is influenced by a wide range of biotic and abiotic factors. The key drivers shaping the composition of these communities, however, remain poorly understood. In this study, we analyzed 108 plant samples and evaluated root traits, plant growth characteristics, soil enzyme activities, rhizosphere metabolites, and soil chemical properties to identify the primary determinants of rhizosphere community assembly. Across 36 soil samples, we obtained 969,634 high-quality sequences, clustering into 6,284 ASVs predominantly classified into Proteobacteria (57.99%), Actinobacteria (30%), and Bacteroidetes (5.13%). Our findings revealed that rhizosphere metabolites accounted for more variance in microbial community composition compared to chemical properties (ANOVA, F = 1.53, p = 0.04), enzyme activities, or root traits (ANOVA, F = 1.04, p = 0.001). Seven small molecule metabolites, including glycerol, sorbitol, phytol, and alpha-ketoglutaric acid, were significantly correlated with βNTI, underscoring their role as critical drivers of microbial community assembly. The genus Rhizobium, significantly associated with βNTI (R = 0.25, p = 0.009), emerged as a keystone taxon shaping community structure. Soil culture experiments further validated that small molecule metabolites can modulate microbial community assembly. The ST treatment, enriched with these metabolites, produced 1,032,205 high-quality sequences and exhibited significant shifts in community composition (Adonis, p = 0.001, R = 0.463), with Rhizobium showing higher abundance compared to the control (CK). Variable selection (βNTI >2) drove phylogenetic turnover in ST, while stochastic processes (|βNTI| < 2) dominated in CK. This study provides quantitative insights into the role of rhizosphere metabolites in shaping microbial community assembly and highlights their potential for targeted modulation of rhizosphere microbiomes.
The ArcB kinase sensor participates in the phagocyte-mediated stress response in Salmonella Typhimurium
Authors: Pardo-Esté Coral , Urbina Francisca , Aviles Nicolas , Pacheco Nicolas , Briones Alan , Cabezas Carolina , Rojas Vicente , Pavez Valentina , Sulbaran-Bracho Yoelvis , Hidalgo Alejandro A. , Castro-Severyn Juan , Saavedra Claudia P.
Published: February 2025

The ArcAB two-component system includes a histidine kinase sensor (ArcB) and a regulator (ArcA) that respond to changes in cell oxygen availability. The ArcA transcription factor activates genes related to metabolism, membrane permeability, and virulence, and its presence is required for pathogenicity in Salmonella Typhimurium, which can be phosphorylated independently of its cognate sensor, ArcB. In this study, we aimed to characterize the transcriptional response to hypochlorous acid (HOCl) mediated by the presence of the ArcB sensor. HOCl is a powerful microbicide widely used for sanitization in industrial settings. We used wild-type S. Typhimurium and the mutant lacking the arcB gene exposed to NaOCl to describe the global transcriptional response. We also infected murine neutrophils to evaluate the expression levels of relevant genes related to the resistance and infection process while facing ROS-related stress. Our results indicate that the absence of the arcB gene significantly affects the ability of S. Typhimurium to grow under HOCl stress. Overall, 6.6% of Salmonella genes varied their expression in the mutant strains, while 8.6% changed in response to NaOCl. The transcriptional response associated with the presence of ArcB is associated with metabolism and virulence, suggesting a critical role in pathogenicity and fitness, especially under ROS-related stress. Our results show that ArcB influences the expression of genes associated with fatty acid degradation, protein secretion, cysteine and H2S biosynthesis, and translation, both in vitro and under conditions found within neutrophils. We found that protein carbonylation is significantly higher in the mutant strain than in the wild type, suggesting a critical function for ArcB in the response and repair processes. This study contributes to the understanding of the pathogenicity and adaptation mechanisms that Salmonella employs to establish a successful infection in its host.
Homologous recombination deficiency test validation in patients with high-grade advanced ovarian cancer
Authors: Nogueira Rodrigues Angelica , Souto Andreza Karine de Barros Almeida , de Andrade Diocésio Alves Pinto , Gomes Larissa Müller , Koide Sandra Satie , e Silva Renata de Godoy , de Souza Bruno Batista , Massaro Juliana Doblas , de Melo Andréia Cristina , Borges Andrea Morais , Giro Camila , de Andrade Carlos Augusto Vasconcelos , da Costa Cesar Martins , Gimenes Daniel Luiz , de Mello Eduardo Caminha Bandeira , de Oliveira Fernanda Cesar , Lima Frederico Müller de Toledo , Lopes Gabriel Lima , Bretas Gustavo de Oliveira , Jacob Gustavo Guerra , Silva Herika Lucia da Costa , Notaro Juliana Ferrari , Alves Lara Ladislau , Moitinho Marcos Veloso , da Silva Mirian Cristina , Abramoff Roberto , Rauber Thais Amaral da Cunha , Dienstmann Rodrigo , Koyama Fernanda Christtanini
Published: February 2025

Background

Along with BRCA mutation status, homologous recombination deficiency (HRD) testing is a prognostic and predictive biomarker for poly-ADP-ribose polymerase (PARP) inhibitor therapy indication in high-grade epithelial ovarian, fallopian tube, or peritoneal cancer. Approximately 50% of high-grade serous ovarian cancers exhibit HRD, even in the absence of germline or somatic BRCA1/2 loss-of-function mutations. In this scenario, access to a validated diagnostic HRD test can optimize treatment selection and increase the effectiveness of the intervention.

Objective

To technically validate an in-house next-generation sequencing (NGS)-based HRD test, QIAseq Custom Panel (QIAGEN), by comparing it with the reference assay, MyChoice CDx® Plus HRD (Myriad Genetics), which is used in routine care.

Methods

This is a prospective cohort study conducted at the Oncoclínicas Precision Medicine (OCPM) laboratory using samples from patients with advanced or relapsed platinum-sensitive ovarian cancer eligible for HRD testing in a diagnostic clinical setting at Oncoclínicas and Co. We assessed the performance of the in-house test (GS Focus HRD) using Cohen’s kappa statistic to measure agreement with the gold standard assay (MyChoice® HRD Plus CDx) in HRD status classification, along with other accuracy metrics.

Results

In total, 41 samples were analyzed (20 HRD-positive, 19 HRD-negative, and 2 inconclusive results with the MyChoice® HRD Plus CDx assay). The GS Focus HRD test demonstrated high concordance for HRD status with the reference test (kappa: 0.8 and 95% CI: 0.60–0.98). Overall accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity were 90%. Six samples had BRCA1/2 mutations identified by the MyChoice® HRD Plus CDx, all of which were detected by the GS Focus HRD test.

Conclusion

In summary, the results demonstrate substantial agreement and high accuracy of the NGS-based GS Focus HRD test compared to MyChoice® HRD Plus CDx. Our in-house assay is eligible for diagnostic test approval and market access as per Brazilian regulations.
Effects of exercise training on the nigrostriatal glutamatergic pathway and receptor interactions in Parkinson’s disease: a systematic review
Authors: Ishaq Shahid , Shah Iqbal Ali , Lee Shin-Da , Wu Bor-Tsang
Published: February 2025

Background

The excitatory imbalance of glutamatergic neurons, caused by insufficient input from dopaminergic neurons, contributes the pathogenesis of Parkinson’s disease (PD). Exercise training is one of the non-pharmacological, non-invasive therapeutic approaches.

Objective

This systematic review is the first to summarize the effects of exercise training on the regulation of protein and gene expressions within the nigrostriatal glutamatergic pathway and its receptor interactions in animal models of Parkinson’s disease (PD).

Methodology

The PubMed, Web of Science, and Embase electronic databases were searched, and 9 out of 96 studies that met the PRISMA guidelines were included. These studies received a CAMARADES score ranging from 4 to 6 out of 10. The included studies utilized pharmacologically induced PD models in mice or rats with 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) or 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA). The majority of studies (89%) employed treadmill training, while 11% used voluntary wheel running, with training protocols consisting of 5 days per week for 4 weeks.

Results

Exercise training reduced extracellular glutamate (Glu) and increased the expression of GLT-1, GS, Gln, and mGluR2/3 while down-regulating VGULT1 in the presynaptic terminal of the glutamatergic neurons within the nigrostriatal pathway in PD animal models. It also downregulated mGluR5 and modulated the α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid (AMPA) receptor subunits: GluA1 was downregulated, inhibiting long-term potentiation, while GluA2 and GluA3 were upregulated in the nigrostriatal pathway in PD animal models. In addition, the exercise training downregulated the N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptors, Arc, Cav1.3, CaMKII, and p-CaMKII in the nigrostriatal pathway in PD animal models.

Conclusion

Exercise training exerted a neuroprotective effect on the glutamatergic pathway in Parkinson’s disease (PD) animal models by limiting excess glutamate in the synaptic cleft. Exercise training modulated the ionotropic receptors and limited the glutamatergic excitatory imbalance within the nigrostriatal pathway in PD animal models. It also improved motor function, including balance, coordination, and gait parameters.

Systematic review registration

https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/#recordDetails, identifier CRD42024564127