bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Impact on Anxiety Symptoms of an Immersive Virtual Reality Remediation Program in Bipolar Disorders: A Randomized Clinical Trial
Authors: Primavera Diego , Urban Antonio , Cantone Elisa , Nonnis Marcello , Aviles Gonzalez Cesar Ivan , Perra Alessandra , Tusconi Massimo , Sancassiani Federica
Published: July 2024

Background: The objective of this work is to investigate the effectiveness of a cognitive remediation intervention on anxiety symptoms in people with bipolar disorder and the therapeutic effect on people whose anxiety symptoms were above the threshold for a screener and whose comorbidity could be identified as an anxiety disorder. Methods: The experimental intervention included 24 sessions (around 45 min each), two for each week over three months. The entire program was inspired by user-centered rehabilitation principles in a recovery-oriented perspective and an approach to bipolar disorder in an evolutionary and non-discriminating vision. The primary outcomes measure the score of the Zung Self-Rating Anxiety Scale (SAS), hypothesizing a higher decrease in the experimental group than in the control group. The survey has been conducted per the CONSORT guidelines for feasibility studies. Results: We evaluate a decrease in the overall SAS score from T0 to T1 to be higher in the experimental group compared to the control group, indicating an improvement in anxiety symptoms (p < 0.0001). Conclusions: The study suggests that virtual reality could have a role in treating anxiety symptoms and disorders in young adults with bipolar disorders or anxiety symptoms in people with hyperactivity and novelty-seeking behaviorsunder stress and high risk for bipolar disorder.
Push–Pull Mechanism of Attention and Emotion in Children with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder
Authors: Song Ji-Hyun , Kim So-Yeon
Published: July 2024

Background/Objectives: While deficits in executive attention and alerting systems in children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) are well-documented, findings regarding orienting attention in ADHD have been inconsistent. The current study investigated the mechanism of attentional orienting in children with ADHD by examining their attentional bias towards threatening stimuli. Furthermore, we explored the modulating role of anxiety levels in ADHD on this attentional bias. Methods: In Experiment 1, 20 children with ADHD and 26 typically developing children (TDC) performed a continuous performance task that included task-irrelevant distractions consisting of angry faces and neutral places. In Experiment 2, 21 children with ADHD and 25 TDC performed the same task, but with angry and neutral faces as distractors. To measure children’s anxiety levels, the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory was administered before each experiment. Results: In Experiment 1, results revealed no attentional bias effects in children with ADHD, whereas TDC exhibited attentional capture effects by both types of distractors. However, in Experiment 2, ADHD children demonstrated an attentional bias towards angry faces, which revealed a significant positive correlation with their trait anxiety levels (r = 0.61, p < 0.05). Further analyses combining all ADHD children showed that trait anxiety levels in Experiment 2 were significantly higher than those in Experiment 1. Finally, a significant positive correlation was found between anxiety levels and attentional bias towards angry faces in all ADHD children (r = 0.36, p < 0.01). Conclusions: Children with ADHD exhibited atypical attentional-orienting effects to threats, and their levels of trait anxiety appeared to modulate such attentional-orienting mechanisms.
Woven Fabrics for Composite Reinforcement: A Review
Authors: Chowdhury Indraneel R. , Summerscales John
Published: July 2024

Fibres in different textile forms (woven, knitted, stitched, and non-crimp) are used to reinforce composites for multifaced applications, including automotive, aerospace, marine, rail, energy, construction, and defence sectors. Textile fabric-based fibre reinforcements for composites possess some outstanding features, such as good dimensional stability, subtle conformability, deep draw moldability/processability, lightweightness, high strength and stiffness, and low cost. The greatest advantage of textile fibre-reinforced composites is the freedom to tailor their strength and stiffness properties for specific applications. Therefore, the design of composites involves defining the fabric geometry, stacking sequence, and orientation of fibres to optimise the system. Compared to knitted, stitched, and non-crimp fabrics, woven fabric-based fibre-reinforced composites are widely used in the industry. The properties of woven fabric-reinforced composites depend on several factors, such as types of fibre, compositions, polymeric matrices, and fibre/matrix interfacial strength. Some of the advantages are reduced preforming process steps, good impact and delamination resistance, and thermo-mechanical properties. This review has been written to provide detailed information and discussions, including the fabrication processes, relationship between fabric structure and composite properties, and morphological characteristics encompassing the current state-of-the-art in woven fabrics for composite reinforcement.
High-Resolution Iodine-Enhanced Micro-Computed Tomography of Intact Human Hearts for Detailed Coronary Microvasculature Analyses
Authors: Reifart Joerg , Iaizzo Paul
Published: July 2024

Identifying the detailed anatomies of the coronary microvasculature remains an area of research; one needs to develop methods for non-destructive, high-resolution, three-dimensional imaging of these vessels for computational modeling. Currently employed Micro-Computed Tomography (Micro-CT) protocols for vasa vasorum analyses require organ dissection and, in most cases, non-clearable contrast agents. Here, we describe a method developed for a non-destructive, economical means to achieve high-resolution images of the human coronary microvasculature without organ dissection. Formalin-fixed human hearts were cannulated using venogram balloon catheters, which were then fixed into the specimen’s aortic root. The canulated hearts, protected by a polyethylene bag, were placed in radiolucent containers filled with insulating polyurethane foam to reduce movement. For vasculature staining, iodine potassium iodide (IKI, Lugol’s solution; 6.3% Potassium Iodide, 4.1% Iodide) was injected. Contrast distributions were monitored using a North Star Imaging X3000 micro-CT scanner with low-radiation settings, followed by high-radiation scanning (3600 rad, 60 kV, 900 mA) for the final high-resolution imaging. We successfully imaged four intact human hearts presenting with chronic total coronary occlusions of the right coronary artery. This imaging enabled detailed analyses of the vasa vasorum surrounding stenosed and occluded segments. After imaging, the hearts were cleared of iodine and excess polyurethane foam and returned to their initial formalin-fixed state for indefinite storage. Conclusions: the described methodologies allow for the non-destructive, high-resolution micro-CT imaging of coronary microvasculature in intact human hearts, paving the way for detailed computational 3D microvascular reconstructions with a macrovascular context.
Deep Dynamic Weights for Underwater Image Restoration
Authors: Awan Hafiz Shakeel Ahmad , Mahmood Muhammad Tariq
Published: July 2024

Underwater imaging presents unique challenges, notably color distortions and reduced contrast due to light attenuation and scattering. Most underwater image enhancement methods first use linear transformations for color compensation and then enhance the image. We observed that linear transformation for color compensation is not suitable for certain images. For such images, non-linear mapping is a better choice. This paper introduces a unique underwater image restoration approach leveraging a streamlined convolutional neural network (CNN) for dynamic weight learning for linear and non-linear mapping. In the first phase, a classifier is applied that classifies the input images as Type I or Type II. In the second phase, we use the Deep Line Model (DLM) for Type-I images and the Deep Curve Model (DCM) for Type-II images. For mapping an input image to an output image, the DLM creatively combines color compensation and contrast adjustment in a single step and uses deep lines for transformation, whereas the DCM employs higher-order curves. Both models utilize lightweight neural networks that learn per-pixel dynamic weights based on the input image’s characteristics. Comprehensive evaluations on benchmark datasets using metrics like peak signal-to-noise ratio (PSNR) and root mean square error (RMSE) affirm our method’s effectiveness in accurately restoring underwater images, outperforming existing techniques.
Homologous Delta-12 Fatty Acid Desaturase (FAD2) Genes Affect Gene Expression and Linoleic Acid Levels in Lentinula edodes under Heat Stress
Authors: Yang Huanling , Jiang Jun , Chen Mingjie , Song Xiaoxia , Yu Changxia , Chen Hongyu , Zhao Yan
Published: July 2024

Delta-12 fatty acid desaturases (FAD2s) actively regulate stress responses and cell differentiation in living organisms. In this study, six homologous FAD2 genes were identified based on the genome sequence of Lentinula edodes. Then, the six FAD2 protein sequences were analyzed using bioinformatics tools, including ExPASy ProtParam, SignalP, TMHMM, and TargetP. These analyses were performed to predict the physical and chemical properties, signal peptides, and transmembrane and conserved domains of these proteins. The polypeptide sequences were aligned, and a maximum likelihood phylogenetic tree was constructed using MEGA 7.0 software to elucidate the phylogenetic relationships between homologous FAD2 sequences. The results demonstrated that the FAD2 proteins contained three conserved histidine-rich regions (HXXXH, HXXHH, and HXXHH), which included eight histidine residues. The linoleic acid content and FAD2 enzyme activity were further analyzed, and the levels in the mutagenic heat-tolerant strain 18N44 were lower than those in the wild-type strain 18. Interestingly, the expression levels of the FAD2-2 and FAD2-3 genes under heat stress in strain 18N44 were lower than those in strain 18. These findings indicated that FAD2-2 and FAD2-3 may play major roles in the synthesis of linoleic acid during heat stress.
Profile, Incidence, and Perspectives of Disinformation among Ecuadorians
Authors: Suing Abel , Suárez-Villegas Juan-Carlos
Published: July 2024

The phenomenon of disinformation raises serious questions for society, affecting public trust and democratic stability. In this context, an attempt is made to configure a profile of the practices of identification and fight against disinformation, assess the incidence of social networks, and identify citizens’ perceptions of media literacy in Ecuador. The methodology used is quantitative and qualitative, with a descriptive approach, using a survey, interviews with experts, and focus groups. The converging points between experts and citizens are the need to develop media literacy processes that begin in basic education and the institutionalisation of the fight against disinformation, which should be assumed through an articulation between citizens and schools. On the other hand, training to identify fake news is directly related to information verification practices. Likewise, statistical evidence shows that Ecuadorians who verify information perceive themselves as fully informed citizens.
Bioinformatics in Neonatal/Pediatric Medicine—A Literature Review
Authors: Rallis Dimitrios , Baltogianni Maria , Kapetaniou Konstantina , Kosmeri Chrysoula , Giapros Vasileios
Published: July 2024

Bioinformatics is a scientific field that uses computer technology to gather, store, analyze, and share biological data and information. DNA sequences of genes or entire genomes, protein amino acid sequences, nucleic acid, and protein–nucleic acid complex structures are examples of traditional bioinformatics data. Moreover, proteomics, the distribution of proteins in cells, interactomics, the patterns of interactions between proteins and nucleic acids, and metabolomics, the types and patterns of small-molecule transformations by the biochemical pathways in cells, are further data streams. Currently, the objectives of bioinformatics are integrative, focusing on how various data combinations might be utilized to comprehend organisms and diseases. Bioinformatic techniques have become popular as novel instruments for examining the fundamental mechanisms behind neonatal diseases. In the first few weeks of newborn life, these methods can be utilized in conjunction with clinical data to identify the most vulnerable neonates and to gain a better understanding of certain mortalities, including respiratory distress, bronchopulmonary dysplasia, sepsis, or inborn errors of metabolism. In the current study, we performed a literature review to summarize the current application of bioinformatics in neonatal medicine. Our aim was to provide evidence that could supply novel insights into the underlying mechanism of neonatal pathophysiology and could be used as an early diagnostic tool in neonatal care.
The Impact of Travel Scenarios and Perceptions on Choice Behavior towards Multi-Forms of Ride-Hailing Services: Case of Nanjing, China
Authors: Lu Ke , Wei Yunlin
Published: July 2024

The travel behavior of urban residents has gradually changed in response to the widespread adoption of ride-hailing services. This paper explores the travel mode choices made by individuals utilizing multiple forms of ride-hailing services. Eight scenarios were established, which considered combinations of activity types (commute or recreation), travel periods (peak or off-peak), and price levels (discounted or normal rates for ride-hailing). Moreover, socio-psychological variables such as perceived value, behavioral intention, and subjective norm were integrated into the analysis. The findings reveal that consumers of ride-hailing services generally exhibit characteristics such as being younger in age, having higher income, lack of car ownership, and having greater experience in using ride-hailing services. Furthermore, the inclusion of socio-psychological variables significantly improved the model’s fitness. Travelers exhibit a preference for ride-hailing services in scenarios involving recreational activities, normal travel periods, and discounted ride-hailing prices. In conclusion, this study sheds light on the evolving travel behavior of urban residents in light of the widespread availability of ride-hailing services. The incorporation of socio-psychological factors is essential in comprehending and predicting travel mode choices. The insights derived from this research contribute to a nuanced understanding of the factors influencing the adoption of and preference for ride-hailing services among urban commuters.
Barriers to Care for Pediatric Patients with Obesity
Authors: Bodepudi Sreevidya , Hinds Malikiya , Northam Kayla , Reilly-Harrington Noreen A. , Stanford Fatima Cody
Published: July 2024

This review article emphasizes the challenges pediatric patients face during obesity treatment. Prior research has been compartmentalized, acknowledging that stigma, the ability to implement lifestyle changes, social health determinants, and healthcare accessibility are considerable impediments for obese children. These issues emerge at various levels, including the individual or family, the community and school, and even national policy. This suggests the need for a more comprehensive, team-based approach to tackle pediatric obesity. Understanding these barriers is the first step toward creating effective strategies and solutions to overcome these challenges.
Between-Session Reliability of Athletic Performance and Injury Mitigation Measures in Female Adolescent Athletes in the United States
Authors: Franklin Emily , Stebbings Georgina K. , Morse Christopher I. , Runacres Adam , Dos’Santos Thomas
Published: July 2024

Adolescence is a fundamental period for female athletes to develop athletic performance, mitigate injury risk, and gain collegiate sport scholarships, but there is also a high incidence of sport-related injuries. Physical profiling and athlete screening can support the individualisation of training programmes; however, there is a lack of data pertaining to the reliability of athletic performance and injury surrogate measures in adolescent female athletes. The aim of this study was to quantify the between-session reliability of an athletic performance and injury mitigation testing battery in female adolescent athletes. A total of 31 post-peak height velocity (PHV) (3.00 ± 0.82 years) female athletes (age: 16.20 ± 1.20 years; standing height: 166.00 ± 6.00 cm; mass: 65.5 ± 10.70 kg) from various sports (track and field = 1; lacrosse = 2; basketball = 2; soccer = 3; softball = 11; volleyball = 12) completed two sessions of a multicomponent testing battery 48 h to 1 week apart including the assessment of 33 measures addressing lower-limb isometric strength, eccentric strength, reactive strength, linear sprint and change of direction speed, and lower limb control. Of the 33 measures, between sessions, 29 had a high to nearly perfect intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) (0.508–0.979), and 26 measures were not statistically significantly different between sessions (p ≤ 0.05). All measures demonstrated low to acceptable coefficient variation (CV%) (0.61–14.70%). The testing battery used can be utilised for recruitment and longitudinal monitoring within sports organisations for female adolescent athletes.
Trajectory Tracking of Delta Parallel Robot via Adaptive Backstepping Fractional-Order Non-Singular Sliding Mode Control
Authors: Zhu Dachang , He Yonglong , Li Fangyi
Published: July 2024

The utilization of the Delta parallel robot in high-speed and high-precision applications has been extensive, with motion stability being a critical performance measure. To address the inherent inaccuracies of the model and minimize the impact of external disturbances on motion stability, we propose an adaptive backstepping fractional-order non-singular terminal sliding mode control (ABF-NTSMC). Initially, by employing a backstepping algorithm, we select the virtual control for subsystems as the state variable function in joint space while incorporating a calculus operator to enhance fractional-order sliding mode control (SMC). Subsequently, we describe factors such as model uncertainty and external disturbance using a lumped uncertainty function and estimate its upper bound through an adaptive control law. Ultimately, we demonstrate system stability for our proposed control approach and provide an analysis of finite convergence time. The effectiveness of this presented scheme is demonstrated through simulation and experimental research.
Trajectory Tracking Control of an Autonomous Vessel in the Presence of Unknown Dynamics and Disturbances
Authors: Aguilar-Ibanez Carlos , Suarez-Castanon Miguel S. , García-Canseco Eloísa , Rubio Jose de Jesus , Barron-Fernandez Ricardo , Martinez Juan Carlos
Published: July 2024

We present a proportional–integral–derivative-based controller plus an adaptive slide surface to solve the trajectory tracking control problem for a fully actuated vessel with unknown parameters perturbed by slowly varying external unknown dynamics. The controller design assumes that the vessel moves at low speed and frequency, its physical parameters are unknown, and its state is measurable. The control approach ensures error tracking convergence toward a small vicinity at the origin. We conduct the corresponding stability analysis using the Lyapunov theory and saturation functions. We tested the controller through two numerical experiments—a turning ellipse maneuver and a rest-to-rest maneuver—where the vessel parameters were unknown, and we obtained satisfactory results.
The Application of Robotics in Cardiac Rehabilitation: A Systematic Review
Authors: Aburub Aseel , Darabseh Mohammad Z. , Badran Rahaf , Shurrab Ala’a M. , Amro Anwaar , Degens Hans
Published: July 2024

Background and Objectives: Robotics is commonly used in the rehabilitation of neuro-musculoskeletal injuries and diseases. While in these conditions, robotics has clear benefits, it is unknown whether robotics will also enhance the outcome of cardiac rehabilitation. This systematic review evaluates the use of robotics in cardiac rehabilitation. Methods: A systematic literature search was conducted using PubMed (MEDLINE), CINAHL, AMED, SPORTDiscus, and the Physiotherapy Evidence Database. Longitudinal interventional studies were included if they met specified criteria. Two reviewers independently conducted title, abstract, and full-text screening and data extraction. The quality assessment and risk of bias were conducted according to the PEDRO scale and Cochrane Risk of Bias tool 2, respectively. Results: Four trials were included in this review out of 60 screened studies. The quality of the included studies was good with a low risk of bias. The trials used different robotic systems: Lokomat® system, Motomed Letto/Thera Trainer tigo, BEAR, and Myosuit. It was found that interventions that included the use of robotic assistance technologies improved the exercise capacity, VO2 max/peak, left ventricular ejection fraction, QOL, and physical functioning in people with cardiac diseases. Conclusions: Robotic assistance technologies can be used in cardiac rehabilitation programs. Further studies are needed to confirm the results and determine whether the use of robotics enhances intervention outcomes above standard interventions.
On the Design, Fabrication, and Characterization of a Novel Thin-Film Electrode Array for Use in Cochlear Implants
Authors: Aşkın Gülçin Şefiye , Gökçeli Sercan , Sümer Bilsay
Published: July 2024

Thin-film electrode arrays (TFEAs) have been developed as an alternative to conventional electrode arrays (CEAs) used in cochlear implants. However, TFEAs produced by microfabrication techniques have not yet been used clinically because their structural and mechanical properties are far from those of CEAs. The aim of this study is to design, fabricate, and investigate the mechanical and tribological behavior and evaluate the performance of different TFEA designs. Finite Element Analysis (FEA) is performed to determine the elastic properties of several designs. A custom-build experimental setup is designed to observe the tribological behavior in different speeds and environments where frictional (lateral) and vertical force (normal force) are measured on a flat surface and within artificial cochlea. According to the FEA results, the maximum stiffness of the CEA is 37.93 mN/mm and 0.363 mN/mm and TFEA-4 has a maximum stiffness of 39.08 mN/mm and 0.306 mN/mm in the longitudinal and transverse axes, respectively. It is shown experimentally that adding a dummy wire to the carrier of the EA enhances both its longitudinal and transverse stiffness, thereby postponing the initiation of dynamic sliding due to the elevated buckling limit. It is also revealed that the type of TFEA support structure affects both normal and frictional forces, as well as the coefficient of friction.
Inhibitory Effects of Polysaccharides on the Dolomitization Reaction of Calcite at 200 °C
Authors: Wei Yang , Konishi Hiromi
Published: July 2024

This study investigates the impact of dissolved carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) and agar on the dolomitization reaction of calcite at 200 °C. Previous studies have suggested that CMC and agar promote dolomite precipitation at room temperature. However, this study found that their decomposition products hinder the reaction at 200 °C, with uncertainty about their role at other temperatures. The inhibitory effect of the decomposition products could be attributed to their adsorption onto calcite surfaces, which hinders their dissolution. This results in a longer reaction induction period and replacement period. Regression analysis demonstrates that the 0.1 g/L agar and 0.2 g/L CMC series decrease the cation ordering rate of dolomite produced from synthetic calcite when compared with series without polysaccharides. In contrast, the 0.1 g/L CMC series shows a slight increase in the cation ordering rate compared with series without polysaccharides. The findings of this study suggest a notable potential impact of the decomposition products of polysaccharides on the ordering of dolomite, although it is uncertain whether they inhibit this ordering process. The inhibitory effect observed in the decomposition products of CMC and agar could also exist in the decomposition products of the extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) and bacteria cell walls found in sedimentary rocks during burial diagenesis. Therefore, further research is necessary to understand the role of EPS and bacteria cell walls in dolomitization, since their impact is not always predictable.
Natural Bioactive Compounds and Human Health
Authors: Narayanankutty Arunaksharan , Famurewa Ademola C. , Oprea Eliza
Published: July 2024

Natural bioactive compounds encompass a vast array of molecules derived from plants, fungi, marine organisms, and other natural sources [...]
Transformation of Terpenoids and Steroids Using Actinomycetes of the Genus Rhodococcus
Authors: Maltseva Polina Yu. , Plotnitskaya Natalia A. , Ivshina Irina B.
Published: July 2024

Terpenoids and steroids are secondary plant and animal metabolites and are widely used to produce highly effective pharmacologically significant compounds. One of the promising approaches to the transformation of these compounds to form bioactive metabolites is their transformation using microorganisms. Rhodococcus spp. are one of the most developed objects in biotechnology due to their exceptional metabolic capabilities and resistance to extreme environmental conditions. In this review, information on the processes of biotransformation of terpenoid and steroid compounds by actinomycetes of the genus Rhodococcus and their molecular genetic bases are most fully collected and analyzed for the first time. Examples of the use of both native whole-cell catalysts and mutant strains and purified enzyme systems for the production of derivatives of terpenoids and steroids are given.
Isolation, Selection, and Identification of Keratinolytic Bacteria for Green Management of Keratin Waste
Authors: Gerlicz Wiktoria , Sypka Marcin , Jodłowska Iga , Białkowska Aneta M.
Published: July 2024

The volume of difficult-to-process keratin waste is increasing as a result of rising global meat production. If not properly managed, this waste can contribute to environmental pollution and pose a threat to human and animal welfare. An interesting and more sustainable alternative is therefore the bioconversion of keratin using microorganisms and their enzymes. This work aimed to isolate bacteria from soil samples and zoonotic keratins and to evaluate their enzymatic capacity to degrade α- and β-keratin wastes. A total of 113 bacterial strains were isolated from environmental samples and subjected to taxonomic identification using the MALDI-TOF MS technique and to a two-step screening for proteolytic and keratinolytic activity. The ability to degrade a β-rich keratin substrate was observed in almost all of the strains isolated from soil and horsehairs. In contrast, when an α-rich keratin substrate was used, the highest levels of hydrolysis were observed only for Ker39, Ker66, Ker85, Ker100, and Ker101. Strains with the highest biodegradation potential were identified using molecular biology methods. Phylogenetic analysis of 16S rDNA gene sequences allowed the assignment of selected keratinolytic microorganisms to the genera Exiguobacterium, Priestia, Curtobacterium, Stenotrophomonas, Bacillus, Kocuria, or Pseudomonas. The results of this study are a promising precursor for the development of new, more sustainable methods of managing keratin waste to produce high-value hydrolysates.
Design, Synthesis, and Characterization of Novel Thiazolidine-2,4-Dione-Acridine Hybrids as Antitumor Agents
Authors: Garberová Monika , Kudličková Zuzana , Michalková Radka , Tvrdoňová Monika , Sabolová Danica , Bekešová Slávka , Gramblička Michal , Mojžiš Ján , Vilková Mária
Published: July 2024

This study focuses on the synthesis and structural characterization of new compounds that integrate thiazolidine-2,4-dione, acridine moiety, and an acetamide linker, aiming to leverage the synergistic effects of these pharmacophores for enhanced therapeutic potential. The newly designed molecules were efficiently synthesized through a multi-step process and subsequently transformed into their hydrochloride salts. Comprehensive spectroscopic techniques, including nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), high-resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS), infrared (IR) spectroscopy, and elemental analysis, were employed to determine the molecular structures of the synthesized compounds. Biological evaluations were conducted to assess the therapeutic potential of the new compounds. The influence of these derivatives on the metabolic activity of various cancer cell lines was assessed, with IC50 values determined via MTT assays. An in-depth analysis of the structure–activity relationship (SAR) revealed intriguing insights into their cytotoxic profiles. Compounds with electron-withdrawing groups generally exhibited lower IC50 values, indicating higher potency. The presence of the methoxy group at the linking phenyl ring modulated both the potency and selectivity of the compounds. The variation in the acridine core at the nitrogen atom of the thiazolidine-2,4-dione core significantly affects the activity against cancer cell lines, with the acridin-9-yl substituent enhancing the compounds’ antiproliferative activity. Furthermore, compounds in their hydrochloride salt forms demonstrated better activity against cancer cell lines compared to their free base forms. Compounds 12c·2HCl (IC50 = 5.4 ± 2.4 μM), 13d (IC50 = 4.9 ± 2.9 μM), and 12f·2HCl (IC50 = 4.98 ± 2.9 μM) demonstrated excellent activity against the HCT116 cancer cell line, and compound 7d·2HCl (IC50 = 4.55 ± 0.35 μM) demonstrated excellent activity against the HeLa cancer cell line. Notably, only a few tested compounds, including 7e·2HCl (IC50 = 11.00 ± 2.2 μM), 7f (IC50 = 11.54 ± 2.06 μM), and 7f·2HCl (IC50 = 9.82 ± 1.92 μM), showed activity against pancreatic PATU cells. This type of cancer has a very high mortality due to asymptomatic early stages, the occurrence of metastases, and frequent resistance to chemotherapy. Four derivatives, namely, 7e·2HCl, 12d·2HCl, 13c·HCl, and 13d, were tested for their interaction properties with BSA using fluorescence spectroscopic studies. The values for the quenching constant (Ksv) ranged from 9.59 × 104 to 10.74 × 104 M−1, indicating a good affinity to the BSA protein.
PEDOT-Doped Mesoporous Nanocarbon Electrodes for High Capacitive Aqueous Symmetric Supercapacitors
Authors: Taj Mohsina , Bhat Vinay S. , Sriram Ganesan , Kurkuri Mahaveer , Manohara S. R. , Padova Paola De , Hegde Gurumurthy
Published: July 2024

Poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT) and PEDOT-functionalized carbon nanoparticles (f-CNPs) were synthesized by in situ chemical oxidative polymerization and pyrolysis methods. f-CNP-PEDOT nanocomposites were prepared by varying the concentration of PEDOT from 1 to 20% by weight (i.e., 1, 2.5, 5, 10, and 20 wt%). Several characterization techniques, such as field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), attenuated total reflectance-Fourier transform infrared (ATR-FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), N2 Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) and Barrett–Joyner–Halenda (BJH) analyses, as well as cyclic voltammetry (CV), galvanostatic charge discharge (GCD), and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), were applied to investigate the morphology, the crystalline structure, the N2 adsorption/desorption capability, as well as the electrochemical properties of these new synthesized nanocomposite materials. FESEM analysis showed that these nanocomposites have defined porous structures, and BET surface area analysis showed that the standalone f-CNP exhibited the largest surface area of 801.6 m2/g, whereas the f-CNP-PEDOT with 20 wt% exhibited the smallest surface area of 116 m2/g. The BJH method showed that the nanocomposites were predominantly mesoporous. CV, GCD, and EIS measurements showed that f-CNP functionalized with 5 wt% PEDOT had a higher capacitive performance compared to the individual f-CNPs and PEDOT constituents, exhibiting an extraordinary specific capacitance of 258.7 F/g, at a current density of 0.25 A/g, due to the combined advantage of enhanced electrochemical activity induced by PEDOT doping, and highly developed porosity of f-CNPs. Symmetric aqueous supercapacitor devices were fabricated using the optimized f-CNP-PEDOT doped with 5 wt% of PEDOT as active material, exhibiting a high capacitance of 96.7 F/g at 1.4 V, holding practically their full charge, after 10,000 charge–discharge cycles at 2 A/g, thus providing the highest electrical electrodes performance. Hereafter, this work paves the way for the potential use of f-CNP-PEDOT nanocomposites in the development of high-energy-density supercapacitors.
Hemp (Cannabis salvia L.) Cultivation: Chemical Fertilizers or Organic Technologies, a Comprehensive Review
Authors: Ahmadi Fatemeh , Kallinger Daniel , Starzinger August , Lackner Maximilian
Published: July 2024

Hemp (Cannabis sativa L.), renowned for its applications in environmental, industrial, and medicinal fields, is critically evaluated in this comprehensive review focusing on the impacts of chemical and organic fertilizers on its cultivation. As hemp re-emerges as a crop of economic significance, the choice between chemical and organic fertilization methods plays a crucial role in determining not only yield but also the quality and sustainability of production. This article examines the botanical characteristics of hemp, optimal growth conditions, and the essential biochemical processes for its cultivation. A detailed comparative analysis is provided, revealing that chemical fertilizers, while increasing yield by up to 20% compared to organic options, may compromise the concentration of key phytochemicals such as cannabidiol by approximately 10%, highlighting a trade-off between yield and product quality. The review presents quantitative assessments of nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), and potassium (K) from both fertilizer types, noting that K significantly influences the synthesis of terpenes and cannabinoids, making it the most impactful element in the context of medicinal and aromatic hemp varieties. Optimal rates and timing of application for these nutrients are discussed, with a focus on maximizing efficiency during the flowering stage, where nutrient uptake directly correlates with cannabinoid production. Furthermore, the challenges associated with the U.S. industrial hemp market are addressed, noting that reducing production costs and improving processing infrastructure is essential for sustaining industry growth, especially given the slow expansion in fiber and cannabidiol markets due to processing bottlenecks. The review concludes that while chemical fertilizers may offer immediate agronomic benefits, transitioning towards organic practices is essential for long-term environmental sustainability and market viability. The future of the hemp industry, while promising, will depend heavily on advancements in genetic engineering, crop management strategies, and regulatory frameworks that better support sustainable cultivation practices. This nuanced approach is vital for the industry to navigate the complex trade-offs between productivity, environmental health, and economic viability in the global market.
An HPLC-UV Method to Assess Human Plasma 25(OH)D3
Authors: Tijerina Alexandra , Garza Aurora , López Abad , Cavazos Norma , Romo Ana , Heya Michel S. , Bouzas Cristina , Tur Josep A. , Salas Rogelio
Published: July 2024

The aim of this study was to validate an HPLC-UV method to assess vitamin D status by determining the linearity and precision of the 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 (25(OH)D3) calibration curve, the limits of detection, quantitation and robustness of the method, and its accuracy. A second stock solution of 25(OH)D3 was prepared (500 ng/mL), and working dilutions (5, 10, 20, 30, 40, and 50 ng/mL) were prepared for a calibration curve. The HPLC equipment had a UV-Vis diode-array detector and utilized an AcclaimTM 120 C18 column (5 µm, 4.6 × 250 mm) with a flow rate of 1.2 mL/min, a column temperature of 30 °C, and the standards and samples were maintained at 4 °C, with an injection volume of 100 µL. Detection of 25(OH)D3 was determined at 265 nm, with a retention time of 4.0 min. The validation was conducted according to the FDA Validation of Analytical Procedures: Guidance for Industry. Vitamin D was extracted from plasma samples using acetonitrile (ACN)–0.1% formic acid (2:1 v/v), and the percentage of recovery was calculated. The proposed method conditions gave excellent linearity (R2 = 0.9989) and the linearity coefficient was R2 > 0.99 for 25(OH)D3. The detection and quantification limits were 1.1703 ng/mL and 3.5462 ng/mL, respectively. Decreasing or increasing the reading temperature by 1 °C decreased the response units (AU) of vitamin D, 25(OH)D3. When the current flow rate decreased by 0.2 mL/min (1.0 mL/min), the retention time increased to 4.913 min, whereas an increase of 0.2 mL/min of the proposed flow rate (1.4 mL/min) decreased the retention time to 3.500 min. The percentage of recovery varied from 92.2% to 97.1%. The proposed method to quantify a vitamin D metabolite (25(OH)D3) in human plasma samples was reliable and validated.
Elimination Diets in Lactating Mothers of Infants with Food Allergy
Authors: Gelsomino Mariannita , Liotti Lucia , Barni Simona , Mori Francesca , Giovannini Mattia , Mastrorilli Carla , Pecoraro Luca , Saretta Francesca , Castagnoli Riccardo , Arasi Stefania , Klain Angela , Giudice Michele Miraglia del , Novembre Elio
Published: July 2024

Breastfeeding is the most important nutrition source for infants. However, managing breastfed infants with signs and symptoms related to food allergy can be difficult. Many studies have shown the presence of different food allergens in breast milk, but the clinical role of these antigens in human milk is still much debated. Milk is the main suspect in exclusively breastfed infants with signs and symptoms attributable to food allergy, even if other foods may be responsible. This narrative review analyzes the recommendations provided by international guidelines to determine the diagnosis and management of IgE-mediated and non-IgE-mediated food allergies in exclusively breastfed infants. Dietary restrictions in lactating mothers of infants with suspected FA are usually not necessary. Only in the very few cases where significant allergy signs and symptoms occur in the infant during exclusive breastfeeding should the lactating mother follow an elimination diet for the suspected food for a short period.
Saffron (Crocus sativus L.) and Its By-Products: Healthy Effects in Internal Medicine
Authors: Marrone Giulia , Urciuoli Silvia , Di Lauro Manuela , Cornali Kevin , Montalto Giulia , Masci Claudia , Vanni Gianluca , Tesauro Manfredi , Vignolini Pamela , Noce Annalisa
Published: July 2024

Crocus sativus L., commonly known as saffron, is a precious spice coming from Asia, in particular from Iran, the country leader in its production. The spice is derived exclusively from dried stigmas and it is the most expensive one in the world. The areas of application of saffron are multiple, in fact ranging across the food, drinks, pharmaceuticals and cosmetics sectors. As is the case with other phytochemicals, not only the final product but also saffron by-products are considered a valuable source of bioactive natural compounds. In fact, its healthy effects, especially as antioxidants and anti-inflammatories (via reducing pro-inflammatory cytokines), are well-recognized in internal medicine. In particular, its healthy effects are related to counteracting degenerative maculopathy, depression and anxiety, neurodegenerative diseases, metabolic syndrome, cancer and chronic kidney disease, by promoting glucose metabolism. In this review, we summarize the most important papers in which saffron has turned out to be a valuable ally in the prevention and treatment of these pathologies. Moreover, we would like to promote the use of saffron by-products as part of a bio-circular economy system, aimed at reducing wastes, at maximizing the use of resources and at promoting environmental and economic sustainability.
Education and Career Advancement Opportunities in Polish and English Nursing—A Comparative Study of Intensive Care Unit Nurses
Authors: Wasielewska Ewelina , Kordel Piotr , Moskalewicz Marcin
Published: July 2024

The aim of this study was to comparatively investigate education, job, and professional development satisfaction among intensive care unit nurses in Poland and England. A total of 258 ICU nurses from both countries were interviewed (72 Polish nurses working in Poland and 186 of various national backgrounds in England, including 50 of Polish origin). We used an 11-item structured survey followed by an open-ended qualitative interview retrospectively coded for statistical analysis. Regardless of national origin, nurses in England report significantly higher education satisfaction, attributed to better theoretical knowledge gain but not to other dimensions (such as practical knowledge or personal satisfaction). They also express greater satisfaction with job conditions regarding professional development, a state-of-the-art work environment, teamwork, and finance. The UK system is also considered significantly superior in promotion opportunities and participation in post-graduation training. In conclusion, systemic factors play a crucial role in career satisfaction and advancement in nursing, with the British band system having a clear advantage over the Polish one.
Introducing the NUATEI Consortium: A Mexican Research Program for the Identification of Natural and Synthetic Antimicrobial Compounds for Prevalent Infectious Diseases
Authors: Carrero Julio César , Espinoza Bertha , Huerta Leonor , Silva-Miranda Mayra , Guzmán-Gutierrez Silvia-Laura , Dorazco-González Alejandro , Reyes-Chilpa Ricardo , Espitia Clara , Sánchez Sergio
Published: July 2024

The need for new drugs to treat human infections is a global health concern. Diseases like tuberculosis, trypanosomiasis, amoebiasis, and AIDS remain significant problems, especially in developing countries like Mexico. Despite existing treatments, issues such as resistance and adverse effects drive the search for new alternatives. Herein, we introduce the NUATEI research consortium, made up of experts from the Institute of Biomedical Research at UNAM, who identify and obtain natural and synthetic compounds and test their effects against human pathogens using in vitro and in vivo models. The consortium has evaluated hundreds of natural extracts and compounds against the pathogens causing tuberculosis, trypanosomiasis, amoebiasis, and AIDS, rendering promising results, including a patent with potential for preclinical studies. This paper presents the rationale behind the formation of this consortium, as well as its objectives and strategies, emphasizing the importance of natural and synthetic products as sources of antimicrobial compounds and the relevance of the diseases studied. Finally, we briefly describe the methods of the evaluation of the compounds in each biological model and the main achievements. The potential of the consortium to screen numerous compounds and identify new therapeutic agents is highlighted, demonstrating its significant contribution to addressing these infectious diseases.
Compact and High-Efficiency Liquid-Crystal-on-Silicon for Augmented Reality Displays
Authors: Luo Zhenyi , Ding Yuqiang , Peng Fenglin , He Ziqian , Wang Yun , Wu Shin-Tson
Published: July 2024

Compact and high efficiency microdisplays are essential for lightweight augmented reality (AR) glasses to ensure longtime wearing comfort. Liquid-crystal-on-silicon (LCoS) is a promising candidate because of its high-resolution density, high brightness, and low cost. However, its bulky illumination system with a polarizing beam splitter (PBS) cube remains an urgent issue to be overcome. To reduce the volume of the LCoS illumination system, here, we propose a compact structure with four thin PBS cuboids. Through simulations, the optical efficiency of 36.7% for an unpolarized input light can be achieved while maintaining reasonably good spatial uniformity. Such a novel design is expected to have a significant impact on future compact and lightweight AR glasses.
Evaluation of Chemical Composition among the Multi Colored Germplasm of Abrus precatorius L.
Authors: Sampath Prabakaran , Rajalingam Sowmyapriya , Murugesan Sharmila , Bhardwaj Rakesh , Gupta Veena
Published: July 2024

The medicinal plant Abrus precatorius L. was traditionally used in the Siddha and Ayurvedic systems of medicine in India. The Indian center of origin holds a vast variability in its seed color. The objective of this study was to assess the total monomeric anthocyanin, flavonol, as well as the antioxidative potential, protein content and ash content among the accessions. A total of 99 accessions conserved in the Indian National Genebank were used in this study. The methods used for the estimation of total monomeric anthocyanin, flavonol, as well as the antioxidative potential, protein content and ash content were the pH differential method, Oomah method, Ferric Reducing Antioxidant Potential, Dumas method and gravimetric method, respectively. The completely black colored accession was recorded with highest total monomeric anthocyanin (51.95 mg/100 g of cyanidin 3-glucoside equivalent) and flavonol content (66.41 mg/g of quercetin equivalent). Red + black colored accessions have recorded the maximum value with respect to antioxidants (14.18 mg/g of gallic acid equivalent). The highest amount of protein content was found in a completely white colored accession (20.67%) and the maximum ash content was recorded in red + black colored accession (4.01%). The promising accessions identified can be used by pharmaceutical companies in drug development and in curing degenerative diseases.
Effects of Foliar Protector Application and Shading Treatments on the Physiology and Development of Common Bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.)
Authors: Sousa Cleiton , Trindade Kenia , Moline Ederlon , De Lima Luiz Enrick Rocha , Bernardo Sara , de Melo Hyrandir Cabral
Published: July 2024

High solar radiation, combined with high temperature, causes losses in plant production. The application of foliar protector in plants is associated with improvements in photosynthesis, reduction in leaf temperature and, consequently, improved productivity. Two experiments were conducted. The first aimed to assess the efficacy of foliar protector versus artificial shading in mitigating the negative impacts of excessive radiation and temperature on the physiology, growth, and yield of common bean plants. The second experiment focused on comparing the timing in cycle plants (phenological phases) of foliar protector application in two different bean cultivars (BRS Fc 104 and BRS MG Realce) under field conditions. Artificial shading provided better results for photosynthesis, transpiration, growth and production compared to the application of foliar protector. In the field conditions experiment, the application timing of the foliar protector at different phenological phases did not increase productivity in the cultivars. The application of foliar protector under the conditions studied was not effective in mitigating the negative impacts of high solar radiation and temperature on common bean cultivation. However, it is opportune to evaluate the application of foliar protector in bean plants grown under conditions with water deficit, high solar radiation and high temperature.