bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Surface velocity of the Northeast Greenland Ice Stream (NEGIS): Assessment of interior velocities derived from satellite data by GPS
Authors: Hvidberg Christine S. , Grinsted Aslak , Dahl-Jensen Dorthe , Khan Shfaqat Abbas , Kusk Anders , Andersen Jonas Kvist , Neckel Niklas , Solgaard Anne , Karlsson Nanna B. , Kjær Helle Astrid , Vallelonga Paul
Published: May 2020

Abstract. The Northeast Greenland Ice Stream (NEGIS) extends around 600 km upstream from the coast to its onset near the ice divide in interior Greenland. Several maps of surface velocity and topography in the interior Greenland exist, but the accuracy is not well constrained by in situ observations and limiting detailed studies of flow structures and shear margins near the onset of NEGIS. Here we present the results from a GPS mapping of surface velocity in an area located approximately 150 km from the ice divide near the East Greenland Ice-core Project (EastGRIP) deep drilling site (75°38’ N, 35°60’ W). A GPS strain net consisting of 63 poles was established and observed over the years 2015–2019. The strain net covers 35 km along NEGIS and 40 km across NEGIS, including both shear margins. The ice flows with a uniform surface speed of approximately 55 m a−1 within a > 10 km wide central flow band with strain rates in the order of 10−4 a−1. The strain rates increase in the shear margins by an order of magnitude, and 10–20 m deep shear margin troughs mark a zone with enhanced longitudinal stretching, transverse compression and shear. We compare the GPS results to the Arctic Digital Elevation Model (ArcticDEM) and a list of satellite-based surface velocity products in order to evaluate these products. For each velocity product, we determine the bias and precision of the velocity compared to the GPS observations, as well as the smoothing of the velocity products needed to obtain optimal precision. The best products have a bias and precision of ~0.5 m a−1. We combine the GPS results with satellite-based products and show that organized patterns in flow and topography emerge in the NEGIS ice stream when the surface velocity exceeds approximately 55 m a−1 and are related to bedrock topography.
Relaciones laborales para el futuro: políticas de gestión de la edad para la retención de trabajadores séniores
Authors: Cardoso de Souza Rodrigues Ana Raquel , Rodrigues Ana Cláudia , Gonçalves Lourenço Roque Santos Pinto Ana Maria
Published: May 2020

El envejecimiento de la fuerza de trabajo traduce una revisión urgente en la RRHH. Así, deben adoptarse mecanismos para retener a los trabajadores séniores. Esta investigación desea comprender la influencia de las prácticas de RRHH, adecuadas para ellos, en su decisión de permanecer activos en el mercado de trabajo. Para eso, se realizó un estudio exploratorio a partir de un cuestionario dirigido a la población activa portuguesa, respondido por 434 sujetos mayores de 50 años. Los datos se analizaron mediante análisis estadísticos descriptivos y de frecuencia, ANOVA y regresiones lineales. Los resultados evidenciaron la adopción de prácticas específicas de RRHH como promotoras de la retención de estos trabajadores. Se identificaron diferencias significativas, cuando se compararon por sexo, sector y tamaño de la empresa. Los resultados sugieren pistas de intervención que pueden mejorar las prácticas de RRHH aumentando la retención de estos trabajadores.
Observasjon – en vei til forståelse av barns verden: læring, samspill og lek
Authors: Birkeland Johanna
Published: May 2020

Tittelen på denne prøveforelesningen er «Observasjon - en vei til forståelse av barns verden: læring, samspill og lek». Dette er et tema som, slik jeg ser det, kan gripes an ved å innta forskerposisjonen og redegjøre for observasjon som en metode forskeren bruker som en inngang til å forstå barns verden, læring, samspill og lek eller det kan knyttes til barnehagen, der observasjon kan være en vei til forståelse av barns verden, læring, samspill og lek, for barnehagelæreren. Jeg har valgt en hybrid av disse innfallsvinklene, der jeg først tar for meg observasjon som forskningsmetode, samt den vitenskapsteoretiske forankringen for dette, deretter relateres det oppgitte temaet til observasjon i barnehagepedagogisk arbeid. Barns verden har jeg avgrenset til barnehagekonteksten. Underveis vises eksempel i form av foto fra den gang jeg drev barnehage. Fotoene har jeg tillatelse fra ansatte og foresatte til å bruke.
IMPACTOS DOS TELEACOPLAMENTOS URBANOS DAS FRUTAS ORGÂNICAS CERTIFICADAS
Authors: Jordan Elaine Nunes , Gadda Tatiana Maria Cecy
Published: May 2020

Indiretamente, os produtos orgânicos oferecem atributos relacionados à proteção do meio ambiente, além de apresentarem diferencial associado ao aspecto nutricional e sensorial. Isso porque esses produtos, contrastando com a agricultura convencional, não contêm agrotóxicos, adubos químicos, insumos geneticamente modificados ou aditivos sintéticos, contudo os impactos associados à distânciaentre produção e consumo desses alimentos não são notados. Essa relação entre escalas espaciais e sistemas natural e humano caracteriza uma situação de teleacoplamento, a qual é relevante para o entendimento das políticas públicas sobre proteção do meio ambiente e segurança alimentar. A literaturasobre teleacoplamento costuma analisar o fluxo de commodities entre países. Este estudo inova ao analisar o teleacoplamento urbano por meio de dados não só qualitativos, mas também quantitativos, identificando desafios ambientais do deslocamento das frutas orgânicas certificadas ao mercado consumidor da grandeCuritiba. Os resultados sugerem desafios ambientais relevantes e ainda não superados no sistema de produção nem no consumo de orgânicos certificados. Esses desafios estão principalmente relacionados com deslocamento, tipo de transporte e armazenamento e embalagem. Compreender o teleacoplamentourbano é importante para governar a sustentabilidade global e local.
Vinculación entre la Facultad de Ciencias e Ingenierías, el Estado y las instituciones privadas nicaragüenses
Authors: Bonilla Anduray Juan De Dios , Pedroza Manuel Enrique
Published: May 2020

La comunidad universitaria representa en muchos países el punto de avance en la ciencia y la tecnología, es por ello, que las sociedades requieren un tipo de relación con las universidades. En nuestro país en los últimos años el contexto es favorable para llevar la ciencia al pueblo, la relación entre la Universidad y el Gobierno de Nicaragua se encuentra en las mejores condiciones ya que el Plan Nacional de Desarrollo Humano posee proyectos y políticas a favor del acercamiento y sinergia con las universidades. El presente ensayo muestra las acciones que la UNAN-Managua, en especial la Facultad de Ciencias e Ingenierías realiza para vincular el estado, la empresa privada y la universidad.
Evolución del Estado de Nicaragua desde la perspectiva intercultural
Authors: Mairena Ruiz Rigoberto
Published: May 2020

El Estado de Nicaragua, surgió como un instrumento de las élites de la cultura dominante (castellana), para someter a las otras culturas que existían a la llegada de los europeos y que lograron sobrevivir a la colonización castellana e inglesa. Después de la mal llamada independencia de Centroamérica, las élites criollas asumieron la misión de darle continuidad y concluir el proyecto de colonización iniciado en el siglo XVI. Con éste propósito hicieron todo para tomar el poder y diseñar un modelo de Estado capaz de asegurar sus intereses. Durante siglo y medio, ese instrumento político de dominación cultural, funcionó efectivamente en todos sus componentes, pero fue la educación pública el principal vehículo de sometimiento cultural, especialmente a partir de finales del siglo XIX. No obstante, a partir del triunfo dela Revolución en 1979, se inició un verdadero proceso de independencia, que abarcó todos los ámbitos de la sociedad y fue la cultura uno de los pilares fundamentales de la creación de una nueva sociedad. En el transcurso de estas cuatro décadas, se ha venido desarrollando un proceso de diálogo intercultural, a partir del cual, los pueblos indígenas y afrodescendientes , paulatinamente han logrado avances muy trascendentales, para el desmontaje del sistema colonial republicano. Este proceso de descolonización alcanza su cúspide, con las Reformas Constitucionales febrero 2014, en las cuales se incluyen disposiciones que permiten ubicar a Nicaragua, como un Estado Pluricultural. En éste trabajo, pretendemos explicar el desarrollo de este proceso de descolonización, destacando el protagonismo de los Pueblos Indígenas y Afrodescendientes en los diferentes mementos históricos.
Las privatizaciones contra los espacios públicos
Authors: Bonilla Marroquín Adela Salomé
Published: May 2020

El presente Ensayo titulado: Las privatizaciones contra los espacios públicos, tiene la finalidad de divulgar los impactos negativos que produce un modelo de privatizaciones de los bienes comunes de los pueblos centroamericanos. Este modelo deriva del sistema capitalista impuesto por las grandes potencias a través del mecanismo de los endeudamientos inmorales, ilegales e ilegítimos, a través de los cuales privatizan y saquean los recursos naturales y financieros de los países, dejando a los pueblos sin agua, alimentos, educación, vivienda y obligándolos a salir de su propia tierra a consecuencia del hambre y la inseguridad. Esta es la realidad del presente centroamericano y en representación de la Red de Ambientalistas Comunitarios de El Salvador (RACDES) y de la Red Jubileo Sur / Américas, presento estos análisis en el espacio del XII Congreso Centroamericano de Antropología realizado en la sede de la Universidad Nacional Autónoma de Nicaragua UNAN -Managua.
Apuntes metodológicos sobre la antropología de la acción pública
Authors: Magaña Rivera Oscar Roberto , Peña Rodríguez Gloria Ester
Published: May 2020

El estudio de las políticas públicas ha sido tradicionalmente un campo de estudio de las ciencias políticas. Usando como punto de partida la propuesta teórico-metodológica de la antropología de la acción pública propuesta por Rodríguez Castillo, Por la cual, las políticas públicas pasan a ser entendidas como un objeto de cultura, se abre un nuevo campo fértil para entrar a esta temática partiendo de estudios de carácter antropológico. La propuesta de este artículo desarrolla la investigación realizada sobre el aparato de Seguridad Pública en El Salvador y otra sobre la Política Cultural de la Universidad de El Salvador. Este enfoque posicionó a los investigadores en una realidad etnográfica diferente que llevó necesariamente a la aplicación de una metodología específica para el estudio de la acción pública.
Etnografía Transdisciplinar: integración de técnicas metodológicas de las ciencias sociales para el abordaje de la violencia
Authors: Ruiz Chow Luis Carlos Ariel , Landero Norbin Gerardo
Published: May 2020

La etnografía se auxilia de distintas disciplinas de las ciencias sociales y las re-adecua hacia un enfoque antropológico, con el objetivo principal el ir “más allá de los estándares clásicos de entrevistas y observación” (Ruiz Chow , 2019, pág. 67) de manera que este específicamente diseñado para que los protagonistas se incluyan y asuman un rol participativo dentro de la investigación, siendo ellos mismos quienes construyan e interpreten los fenómenos sociales en sus contextos, tomando en cuenta que la violencia cobra significados y expresiones distintas según el contexto cultural en el cual nos adentramos como investigadores sociales. Es por tal razón que, la etnografía transdisciplinar se convierte en un método clave para abordar temáticas como la violencia, en donde el investigador requiere estrategias creativas para enfrentar distintas situaciones, interpretaciones y posibles narrativas ante los contextos en donde fluye. En el presente artículo se pretende detallarlas distintas técnicas aplicadas en 3 contextos y momentos de trabajo distintos: Barrio Hilario Sánchez, Villa Guadalupe y Centro de Formación “Juventud”.
Evaluación de la Soberanía y Seguridad Alimentaria y Nutricional de las familias en las comunidades rurales del municipio de La Concepción, departamento de Masaya en el periodo de mayo a diciembre del año 2015
Authors: Rivera Vásquez Rubén Ismael , Pedroza Pacheco Manuel Enrique
Published: May 2020

Con el objetivo de evaluar la Soberanía y Seguridad Alimentaria y Nutricional (SSAN) en las comunidades rurales del Municipio de La Concepción, se realizó una investigación de tipo descriptiva, correlacional y analítica, prospectiva y transversal. A partir de los resultados obtenidos se concluyó que: 1) Las principales características socioeconómicas son que los jefes de hogares son del sexo masculino con 58.13%, tienen un bajo nivel de escolaridad con un 36.9% en educación primaria. El 90% de ellos tienen empleo activo, aunque con bajos ingresos de C$ 4,346.38 promedio por mes. 2) Las principales asociaciones entre las variables de producción, ingreso y consumo, ocurren entre consumo de granos básicos y el número de personas que se encuentran en el hogar. Además, se demostró una correlación significativa entre el número de personas en el hogar y el consumo de arroz, frijol, azúcar, aceite, huevos cebolla, papas y plátano verde. 3) Se determinó que existe relación positiva entre la producción y consumo del frijol rojo, aunque su valor es bajo. 4) El Análisis de Varianza (ANOVA) entre las variables de producción e ingreso, demostró diferencias significativas. El ANOVA sobre la producción de cítricos para las diferentes comunidades, no demostró diferencias significativas; y 5) El Análisis Multivariante de la Varianza (MANOVA) para el patrón de consumo de carbohidratos, demostró que el consumo entre las comunidades rurales tiene diferencias significativas, con un p = 0.022. Para el patrón de consumo proteínas, el MANOVA demostró que el consumo entre las comunidades rurales no tiene diferencias significativas con un p = 0.209.
Efficacy and Validity of Orthopaedic Simulators in Surgical Training: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials
Authors: Polce Evan M. , Kunze Kyle N. , Williams Brady T. , Krivicich Laura M. , Maheshwer Bhargavi , Beletsky Alexander , Cohn Matthew R. , Kogan Monica , Chahla Jorge
Published: May 2020

Introduction:

The purpose of this study was to perform a systematic review and meta-analysis of the effects of training simulators on surgical skill measures across randomized controlled trials. The authors hypothesized that simulated training would (1) result in objective improvements in skill acquisition and (2) be heterogeneous regarding the outcomes and types of validity assessed.

Methods:

The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, the Central Register of Controlled Trials, PubMed, EMBASE, and MEDLINE databases were queried for Level I studies on training simulators between 2007 and 2019 in accordance with the 2009 Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis statement. Exclusion criteria were studies without discrete assessment of skills acquisition after surgical simulator training and level of evidence II to V. The Jadad scale was used to assess the methodological quality of all included articles. Data pertaining to patient demographics, validity measures, simulator types, and study-specific outcome measures were extracted. Meta-analyses adjusted for random effects and heterogeneity analyses (I2) were used to compare pooled time-to-completion and performance outcomes among included studies.

Results:

A total of 24 studies with 494 participants were identified. The most common simulator type involved knee arthroscopy (11 studies, 45.8%). Eight studies reporting time-to-task completion and performance scores were included in the meta-analysis. Virtual reality training was favored in time-to-task completion (mean difference = −82.25 seconds, P = 0.002) and improvement in objective performance scores (mean difference = 1.24, P = 0.02) relative to traditional training. Sensitivity analysis of time-to-task completion based on the length of training interval revealed a mean difference of −45.24 (P = 0.07) and −137.74 (P < 0.001) seconds for the short-term and immediate posttesting subgroups, respectively.

Conclusion:

Overall, improved task efficiency and performance were observed with the use of orthopaedic simulators. However, simulator type, training protocols, and outcome measures were heterogeneous. Future studies are warranted to evaluate financial cost and longitudinal training programs and to standardize outcomes regarding the use of simulators in orthopaedic education.

Level of Evidence:

Level I
The Prevalence of Self-Medication With Painkillers Among Iraqi Medical Students
Authors: Al-Imam Ahmed , Motyka Marek A. , Mishaal Mahmoud , Mohammad Shireen , Sameer Nooralhuda , Dheyaa Hala
Published: May 2020

BACKGROUND: The use of painkillers is widespread worldwide, some people experience unwanted side effects, and some may overuse them. Self-medication is the selection and use of medicines by individuals to treat self-recognized illnesses and collateral symptoms.  

OBJECTIVES: We aim to determine the prevalence and pattern of self-medication with painkillers among a population of undergraduate medical students in Baghdad.

METHODS: We carried out a cross-sectional study, via convenient sampling, among 502 medical students (n=502) from the University of Baghdad, Al-Mustansirya University, Al-Kindy University, Al-Nahrain University, and Al-Iraqia University. We distributed an anonymous online questionnaire to the students. The survey included questions on demographic variables and information on self-medicating with painkillers during the academic year of 2018-2019.

RESULTS: The prevalence of use of painkillers was 68.73%, 73% were females, and 27% were males. There was a statistically significant association between gender and the use of analgesics. Still, there was no statistically significant association between the academic level of students and analgesic use. The frequency of analgesic use per month was less than once (34.5%) of the participants, 1-3 times (37.1%), 4-6 times (14.2%), 7-9 times (7%), 10-12 times (3.1%), and more than 13 times (4%) of the participants. Most of the respondents (68%) reported that there was no difference in use between regular college days and exam days. The most common cause of use was headache (71%) for males and females, while dysmenorrhea was the second most common cause among female participants (36%). The most common source of information about analgesics relied on by the respondents was from friends (50.1%), family members, pharmacists, textbooks, the internet, and nurses. The most commonly used drug was Acetaminophen.

CONCLUSION: Self-medication with analgesics is highly prevalent among undergraduate medical students in Baghdad, and we need to raise the awareness of the public on the potentials of addictive behavior.
Comparison of Chinese Tourists’ Expectations and Perceptions on Seaside Resort Areas’ Service Quality: A Case of Chinese Tourists in Southern Region of Thailand
Authors: Zhang Minyang , Ampornstira Fuangfa
Published: May 2020

The objectives of this study were to analyze the Chinese tourists' expectation and perception gaps of service quality in southern Thailand's seaside resorts, to study the items of service quality that are satisfied by Chinese tourists in southern Thailand's seaside resorts, to study the items of service quality that are dissatisfied by Chinese tourists in southern Thailand's seaside resorts. The researcher used the survey questionnaire to collect data from 400 Chinese tourists who visited seaside resort areas in the southern region of Thailand and used descriptive statistics.

The results found that Chinese tourists think some perceptions exceed their expectations, such as supporting online bookings in seaside areas, the staffs provide personalized service, the staffs are respectful, use polite language, smile service towards Chinese tourists, the seaside resorts have technical support. However, Chinese tourists think some perceptions can't reach their expectations, as for the price, it doesn’t have a reasonable price for food items, accommodation, traffic, commodity, and entertainment. As for the staff, it doesn’t have a first-class ability to handle emergencies, they can’t provide fast services. As for the managers of resort areas, it doesn’t have enough legal frameworks in protecting Chinese tourists.

The study recommends that the managers of seaside resort areas in southern Thailand need control of the cost of accommodation, food, transportation, commodities to be more rationalized. Additionally, managers should introduce laws and policies to protect the rights and interests of Chinese tourists, improve the ability of staff to handle emergencies and provide fast service for Chinese tourists.
Blended Learning in Legal Education
Authors: van Dongen Emanuel , Kirschner Femke
Published: May 2020

Blended Learning in Legal Education – Using Scalable Learning to Improve Student Learning

Education should be aimed at supporting student learning. ICT may support student learning. It also may help students to learn and increase their involvement and thus their efforts. Blended learning has the potential to improve study behaviour of students, thus becoming an indispensable part of their education. It may improve their preparation level, and as a result, face-to-face education will be more efficient and more profound (e.g. by offering more challenging tasks), lifting the learning process to a higher level. Moreover, the interaction between students and teachers may be improved by using ICT. A necessary condition to lift students’ learning to a higher (better: deeper) learning level is that all students acquire basic knowledge before they engage in face-to-face teaching. In a First-Year Course Introduction to Private Law, we recently introduced a Scalable Learning environment. This environment allows the acquiring and testing of factual knowledge at individual pace, in a modern and appealing way (independent of time and place). The link between offline and online education during face-to-face teaching is made by using Learning Analytics, provided by the Scalable Learning environment. After the implementation of Scalable Learning, a survey on its effect on learning has been performed by means of questionnaires. The results were compared at the beginning and at the end of the course, related to the approaches taken by teachers as well as to the exam results. This article presents the outcomes of this study.
The Effects of Mold Sensitivity on the Clinical Characteristics of Adult Asthmatic Patients
Authors: Karadoğan Dilek , Ayhan Vehbi , Dursun Adile
Published: May 2020

Introduction: The effects of mold sensitivity on the development and course of asthma have been researched previously, although study results vary. We sought to evaluate the characteristics of our mold-sensitive patients in comparison with those of other adult asthmatic patients. Materials and methods: Data were collected retrospectively from adult asthmatic patients who underwent regular follow-ups at our tertiary care outpatient clinic for immunology and allergic diseases. Patients were grouped and compared according to three categories of aeroallergen sensitivity status determined via a skin prick test. The study variables were demographic data, asth-ma-onset age, comorbid conditions, asthma-related emergency department visits and hospitalizations, systemic corticosteroid burst, asthma control assessment tests, and pulmonary function tests. Results: In total, 242 patients’ data were evaluated. Their mean age was 48.6 ± 15.4 years, with female predominance (81.4%). Mold-sensitive asthmatics composed 34.7%, while the aeroallergen-sensitive group without molds (33.1%) and the non-sensitized group (32.2%) composed the rest. The mold-sensitive group had a higher rate of polysensitization (92.8%) than the sensitized group without molds. In multinomial logistic regression analysis, mold sensitivity was positively associated with shorter asthma duration, absence of sinonasal polyposis, presence of allergic rhinitis, and generally well-controlled asthma compared to the non-sensitized group. Also, mold sensitivity was positively associated with shorter asthma duration, drug allergy, and absence of systemic corticosteroid bursts compared to the sensitized group without molds in logistic regression analysis. Conclusion: Our mold-sensitive asthmatic patients demonstrated better asthma symptom control. It should be considered that mold sensitization in adult asthmatics is not always a poor prognostic factor.
The Availability of Water in Chile: A Regional View from a Geographical Perspective
Authors: Lozano Parra Javier , Pulido Fernández Manuel , Garrido Velarde Jacinto
Published: May 2020

Chile is famous for being the longest country in the world from north to south. It means it ranges from polar to desert conditions, water being one of the main limiting factors. In fact, Chile stores a high amount of water (695 mm y−1), but people are not located in the regions where water is more abundant (e.g. in the south). This territorial imbalance is accompanied both by a global context of climate change in which water will be presumably scarcer and by the effects of the current economic activities that are progressively more demanding in water consumption. In this work, we have compared both the current and future availabilities of water for the different regions of Chile in order to provide relevant and useful information on the water balance for land planners. The Metropolitan and Valparaíso regions (Mediterranean climate) along Antofagasta, Atacama, and Tarapacá regions (desert climate) showed the lowest mean values of water availability from 1970 to 2000 (<125 m3 person y−1). In addition, both the optimistic and pessimistic projections for 2050 forecast a significant increase in the aridity of these two central regions, where the crucial axis between the two most important cities (Santiago and Valparaíso) is located.
Net-Zero Energy Buildings: Principles and Applications
Authors: Shehadi Maher
Published: May 2020

Global warming and climate change are rising issues during the last couple of decades. With residential and commercial buildings being the largest energy consumers, sources are being depleted at a much faster pace in the recent decades. Recent statistics shows that 14% of humans are active participant to protect the environment with an additional 48% sympathetic but not active. In this chapter, net-zero energy buildings design tools and applications are presented that can help designers in the commercial and residential sectors design their buildings to be net-zero energy buildings. Case studies with benefits and challenges will be presented to illustrate the different designs to achieve a net-zero energy building (NZEB).
Quem tem medo da felicidade? - versão Portuguesa da escala do medo da felicidade
Authors: Pacheco Daniela , Crespo Carla , Fernandes Mariana , Teixeira Pedro M , Narciso Isabel
Published: May 2020

Objetivo

O presente estudo teve como objetivo avaliar as propriedades psicométricas da versão portuguesa da Escala do Medo da Felicidade. Este conceito é definido como o medo que tem subjacente a crença de que a felicidade traz consequências negativas.

Método

Os participantes foram 323 estudantes universitários entre os 18 e os 54 anos de idade cujos dados foram recolhidos presencialmente (n = 118) e online (n = 205).

Resultados

Os resultados da análise paralela e das análises fatoriais exploratória e confirmatória confirmaram a estrutura unidimensional da escala que demonstrou uma boa consistência interna. O medo da felicidade apresentou uma correlação negativa moderada com a satisfação com a vida, o afeto positivo e a esperança e uma correlação também moderada mas positiva com o afeto negativo. Através de uma análise de regressão linear hierárquica verificou-se que o medo da felicidade, controlando variáveis sociodemográficas e psicossociais, estava negativamente associado à satisfação com a vida.

Conclusão

A versão portuguesa da Escala do Medo da Felicidade apresentou boas qualidades psicométricas. A disponibilização deste instrumento permitirá contribuir para os estudos sobre a felicidade, especificamente, como é que pode ser experienciada de uma forma negativa e, por vezes, evitada.
#ChildMaltreatment and Technology
Authors: Cash Scottye J.
Published: May 2020

Technology may seem like a friend one day, a foe another depending on how and why it is being used. In today’s world, we are inundated with social media, smart phones, tvs, and cars. Our ability to harness technology to make our lives a better place is a noble goal, however our ability to harness technology to enhance our research skills is absolutely necessary. The current paper explores the ways in which technology has been used and can be used to better understand child maltreatment and domestic violence. Overall, the message is clear, integrating technology-based research methods and practical approaches to helping vulnerable populations is one of this generations’ paradigm shifts. Technology coupled with sound research methodologies can help move us forward in our exploration and understanding of social problems and interventions.
“Make Resilience Matter” for Children Exposed to Intimate Partner Violence Project: Mobilizing Knowledge to Action Using a Research Contributions Framework
Authors: Alaggia Ramona , Morton Sarah , Vine Cathy
Published: May 2020

Objective: This article describes using a Research Contribution Framework (RCF) (Morton, 2015a), to plan and document the progress of knowledge mobilization (KMb) efforts for the Make Resilience Matter (MRM) for Children Exposed to Intimate Partner Violence (IPV) study. Research uptake, use and impact activities were planned for this project designed to identify how to foster resilience-informed practice with children exposed to IPV. This KMb strategy is useful for planning and considering how we engage knowledge users, context, environmental impact, unexpected developments, and the complexities of doing research and mobilizing results in the “real world” of practice. The benefits of mapping RCF onto KMb planning and lessons learned may be transferred to other projects. Method: First we outline RCF; second, we describe the MRM project; third we apply RCF to the MRM project detailing a process for engaging knowledge users and planning and tracking research uptake, use and impact. The trans-theoretical theory of change (Prochaska & DiClemente, 1982) is used to understand readiness to change in relation to research uptake and use. An overarching feminist theoretical understanding of gender based violence (Hawkesworth, 2006; Heise, 1998) helps to inform our awareness of the socio-political context. Results: Research uptake, use, and impact as applied to the MRM project are presented. An outcomes chain (Morton, 2015a) is offered to help trace engagement/involvement, activities/outputs, awareness/reactions, knowledge/attitudes, and anticipated practice behaviour change. Four guiding principles emerged from our experience which may helpto inform future KMb efforts.
Covid-19: la transformación digital a examen
Authors: Garcia Alsina Montserrat
Published: May 2020

Según el Plan de Transformación Digital (2015-2020), en 2020 la Administración española ha de ser digital y vanguardia en el uso de las TIC. Para ello, se debían aplicar distintas actuaciones como transformar los procesos de gestión internos en electrónicos con sistemas de información y plataformas integradas, y desarrollar el puesto de trabajo digital del sector público. ¿Está la Administración Electrónica preparada para atender al ciudadano durante el confinamiento? ¿Cuán ágil ha sido la Administración Digital para adaptar los procesos a las medidas urgentes propuestas por el Gobierno?
Study on the Application Possibility of Uninsulated Duct Firestop System using Simulation
Authors: Seo Heewon , Yoon Myungo , Choi Dongho , Kim Daehoi , Lee Hyungdo
Published: May 2020

A simulation of the uninsulated duct firestop system was performed to review its application possibility to the building by analyzing the radiant heat transfer and its impact to the surrounding structures in the event of a fire. The simulation targets were divided by the presence or absence of an insulation material (1 m long) as floor and wall duct firestop systems, and the surface temperature, which is an important input data, was based on the existing verification test data. Then, the ambient air temperature, surrounding structure surface temperature, and radiant temperature at some distance from the duct were analyzed through simulations in the modeled virtual spaces. As a result of simulation, it is judged that the application of the uninsulated duct firestop system wrapped by the insulation material can significantly reduce the possibility of fire spreading due to the radiant heat.
Analysis of Metal Fire Problems and Corresponding Safety Measures
Authors: Lee Euipyeong
Published: May 2020

The problems and measures were analyzed through the case analysis of metal fire as there was not enough research on metal fire. The problems included ① not having metal fires in the classification of fires, ② the lack of safety measures, ③ not having grounds for the specified quantity of the hazard, ④ an inadequate interim treatment of waste recycling and inappropriate notification by the Ministry of Environment. And the measures included ① the enactment of a metal fire guideline, ② establishment of preparedness and response system of fire departments, ③ strengthening fire prevention activities, ④ review of reduction of specified quantity such as iron, magnesium, etc.
Analysis of the Problems and Safety Measures of Magnesium Fires
Authors: Lee Euipyeong
Published: May 2020

The problems and safety measures for magnesium fires were analyzed based on the fire case analysis in this study. The following problems were analyzed: ① the fire occurs in areas where there is no regulation under the Hazardous Goods Safety Management Act, ② the lack of safety measures during the firefighting of magnesium fires, ③ absence of adaptive fire fighting agents or equipment, ④ absence of suitable fire fighting tactics. For safety measures, the following were analyzed: ① enactment of magnesium fire guidelines, ② the education and publicity regarding fire prevention and countermeasures by fire organizations, ③ the obligation to have appropriate fire extinguishing agents in the places where magnesium is stored and handled, ④ the development of suppression equipment and fire fighting tactics, and ⑤ the research and development of fire extinguishing agents.
A tool for investigating the differential functions of aggressive behavior in the face‐to‐face and cyber context: Extending the Cyber‐Aggression Typology Questionnaire
Authors: Graf Daniel , Yanagida Takuya , Maschler Albert , Spiel Christiane
Published: May 2020

Aggressive behavior in the face‐to‐face and cyber contexts is driven by underlying aggression (i.e., functions of aggressive behavior). Common theories of aggression distinguish between reactive (e.g., rage) and proactive (e.g., seeking to achieve power and affiliation) aggression. However, according to the quadripartite violence typology, this distinction conflates aspects of motivational valence with self‐regulatory processes. The Cyber‐Aggression Typology Questionnaire (CATQ; Runions et al., 2017, Aggress Behav, 43(1), pp. 74–84) overcomes this weakness by identifying four types of cyber‐aggression (impulsive‐aversive/rage, controlled‐aversive/revenge, controlled‐appetitive/reward, and impulsive‐appetitive/recreation cyber‐aggression). However, the CATQ only considers aggression in cyberspace. We extended the CATQ to the face‐to‐face context by developing a corresponding Face‐to‐Face Aggression Typology Questionnaire (FATQ). The aim of this study was to investigate factorial and convergent validity and metric measurement invariance between four‐factorial cyber and face‐to‐face aggression. In total, 587 students from six Austrian universities filled out the CATQ, the FATQ, and additional scales during regular university lectures to examine convergent validity. Confirmatory factor analysis supported the four‐factor structure of both questionnaires, after excluding inconclusive items from the impulsive‐aversive/rage subscale of the FATQ. These items were also removed from the CATQ to obtain two symmetric questionnaires. Metric measurement invariance between the CATQ and the FATQ was confirmed. Convergent validity was largely observed. Our results support an extended four‐factor model of aggression. Having two parallel questionnaires, the FATQ and CATQ, enables future studies to investigate commonalities and differences in underlying drivers of aggressive behavior in the cyber and face‐to‐face contexts.
Image artifacts caused by incorrect bowtie filters in cone‐beam CT image‐guided radiotherapy
Authors: Cao Yanan , Ma Tianjun , de Boer Steven F. , Wang Iris Z.
Published: May 2020

Certain models of cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) image‐guided radiotherapy (IGRT) systems require manually placing the appropriate bowtie filter according to the relevant imaging protocol. Inadvertently using a wrong bowtie filter or no bowtie filter could cause unexpected image artifacts. In this work, CBCT image artifact patterns caused by different bowtie filter placement were evaluated. CBCT images of CT phantoms, that is, a Body Norm phantom, a Catphan® phantom and an anthropomorphic RANDO® phantom, were acquired at a Varian Trilogy® unit with an On‐Board Imager® (OBI) system. Three image acquisition protocols were evaluated. For Standard Head protocol, half‐fan bowtie and no bowtie filter were studied for comparison with the correct full‐fan bowtie acquisition. For Pelvis and Low‐Dose Thorax protocols, full‐fan bowtie and no bowtie were studied for comparison with the correct half‐fan bowtie acquisition. In addition, the possibility of reversed direction half‐fan bowtie was also discussed. All possible scenarios of bowtie filter misplacement caused distinct artifacts regardless of protocols. These artifact patterns are different from the characteristic crescent artifact when correct bowtie filter was placed. Based on the artifact patterns described in this study we recommend reviewing image artifacts at time of image acquisition. If unexpected artifacts appear in the CBCT images, one should verify the correct placement of the bowtie filter and retake the image if necessary. However, it should also be stressed that using a wrong bowtie filter or forgetting to place the bowtie filter can cause increased patient dose. It is always a good practice to verify the bowtie filter placement before acquiring CBCT images for image‐guided radiotherapy.
Reinforced self‐affirmation as a method for reducing eyewitness memory conformity: An experimental examination using a modified MORI technique
Authors: Kękuś Magdalena , Chylińska Klaudia , Szpitalak Malwina , Polczyk Romuald , Ito Hiroshi , Mori Kazuo , Barzykowski Krystian
Published: May 2020

The manuscript describes an experimental investigation of one possible technique that may reduce memory conformity: the reinforced self‐affirmation procedure (RSA). While previous studies have already demonstrated the RSA's effectiveness in reducing other memory distortions (e.g., the misinformation effect and interrogative suggestibility), this has not been tested in the context of the co‐witness memory conformity effect. To this end, we will utilize the well‐known MORI technique to study co‐witness memory conformity under well‐controlled experimental conditions. While viewing different versions of the same movie, pairs of participants will sit beside each other, believing that they are viewing the same version. Next, they will answer questions collaboratively, which will guide them to discuss conflicting details. Finally, participants will take a recognition test individually, but in the experimental condition, this will be proceeded by the RSA procedure, which is expected to be an effective way of eliminating the effect of memory conformity. If reinforcing one's own confidence reduces the plausible memory conformity effect, it may be then argued that the mechanism underlying this phenomenon is the participants' lack of confidence relating to quality of their memory. As argued in the present paper, these results will open up a set of interesting questions for future research.
NAATP members work to support staff during changes of pandemic
Authors: Knopf Alison
Published: May 2020

Members of the National Association of Addiction Treatment Providers (NAATP) — treatment programs both inpatient and outpatient — are still open for business. In fact, business is booming, NAATP told ADAW last week. This is good for patients, and good for providers, but at the same time, it's stressful for staff. Employers are working to combat this stress by helping to obtain personal protective equipment (PPE) — masks and gloves — for staff. In addition, they are trying to ramp up with telehealth, provide supports for staff and keep paying attention to the needs of patients. Demand for treatment is increasing, as drinking is going up as well.
NAMA and AATOD warn Senators not to raise cap
Authors: Knopf Alison
Published: May 2020

Last week, Mark W. Parrino, president of the American Association for the Treatment of Opioid Dependence (AATOD), and Zachary Talbott, president of the National Alliance for Medication Assisted Recovery (NAMA Recovery), wrote a letter to Congress warning against raising the DATA 2000 (buprenorphine prescribing) patient cap from 275 to 500 during the pandemic. The letter to Senators Ed Markey (D‐Mass.), Jeanne Shaheen (D‐N.H.), Maggie Hassan (D‐N.H.), Elizabeth Warren (D‐Mass.) and Dianne Feinstein (D‐Calif.) was in response to an April 17 letter from the senators to Health and Human Services Secretary Alex Azar and Assistant Secretary Elinore McCance‐Katz urging them to increase the cap.
Immune Escape Mediated by Exosomal PD‐L1 in Cancer
Authors: Lawler Sean E. , Nowicki Michal O. , Ricklefs Franz L. , Chiocca E. Antonio
Published: May 2020

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are now well established as important mediators of intercellular communication. EVs constitute a diverse group of secreted vesicles which function by the delivery of protein and nucleic acid cargoes from donor to recipient cells. In cancer, tumor cell‐derived EVs are shown to promote disease progression by facilitating local reprogramming of the tumor microenvironment. EVs also have more distant systemic effects via transport in biofluids, and therefore have great potential as biomarkers for disease detection and monitoring. Recently, the discovery that EVs derived from glioblastoma cells can mediate immunosuppression by activation of immune checkpoint signaling and T cell dysfunction was reported. Mechanistically we showed that this occurs via direct binding of PD‐L1 secreted in EVs, to its receptor PD1 expressed on the surface of activated T cells. This previously unidentified mechanism of tumor immunosuppression has been confirmed in subsequent independent studies, which have demonstrated the biologic importance of this mechanism across multiple tumor types. These studies have established a new and significant paradigm in which PD‐L1 containing tumor cell‐derived EVs cause immune suppression by the direct engagement of PD1 on T cells, decreasing their activation and providing a further barrier to protect tumors from T cell killing.
i‐MXenes for Energy Storage and Catalysis
Authors: Ahmed Bilal , Ghazaly Ahmed El , Rosen Johanna
Published: May 2020

In 2017, a new family of in‐plane, chemically‐ordered quaternary MAX phases, coined i‐MAX, has been reported since 2017. The first i‐MAX phase, (Mo2/3Sc1/3)2AlC, garnered significant research attention due to the presence of chemically ordered Sc within the Mo‐dominated M layer, and the facilitated removal of both Al and Sc upon etching, resulting in 2D i‐MXene, Mo1.33C, with ordered divacancies. The i‐MXene renders an exceptionally low resistivity of 33.2 µΩ m−1 and a high volumetric capacitance of ≈1150 F cm−3. This discovery has been followed by the synthesis of, to date, 32 i‐MAX phases and 5 i‐MXenes, where the latter have shown potential for applications including, but not limited to, energy storage and catalysis. Herein, fundamental investigations of i‐MAX phases and i‐MXenes, along with their applicability in supercapacitive and catalytic applications, are reviewed. Moreover, recent results on ion intercalation and post‐etching treatment of Mo1.33C are presented. The charge storage performance can also be tuned by forming MXene hydrogel and through inert atmosphere annealing, where the latter renders a superior volumetric capacitance of ≈1635 F cm−3. This report demonstrates the potential of the i‐MXene family for catalytic and energy storage applications, and highlights novel research directions for further development and successful employment in practical applications.
π‐Extended Spiro Core‐Based Nonfullerene Electron‐Transporting Material for High‐Performance Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Hu Zhao , Tang Guanqi , Miao Jingsheng , Fu Tianchen , Li Tingting , Tai Qidong , Meng Hong , Yan Feng
Published: May 2020

Electron transport materials (ETMs) play a significant role in perovskite solar cells (PSCs). However, conventional solution processable organic ETMs are mainly restricted to fullerene derivatives and it is challenging to obtain nonfullerene ETMs with satisfactory properties. In this work, a new organic semiconductor SPS‐4F is synthesized by utilizing the classical spiro[fluorine‐9′9‐thioxanthene] unit to construct a π‐extended core. Although spiro is normally used in hole transport materials, the new spiro derivative SPS‐4F is successfully used as an ETM in inverted PSCs with power conversion efficiency over 20%. In addition, SPS‐4F can strongly coordinate with MAPbI3 perovskite and lead to efficient surface trap passivation. The resultant PSCs exhibit excellent stability in air because of the hydrophobic property of SPS‐4F. This work opens up opportunities to obtain a new family of ETMs based on spiro and paves a way to the fabrication of high‐performance PSCs with low cost.
Anisotropic Quantum Transport through a Single Spin Channel in the Magnetic Semiconductor EuTiO3
Authors: Maruhashi Kazuki , Takahashi Kei S. , Bahramy Mohammad Saeed , Shimizu Sunao , Kurihara Ryosuke , Miyake Atsushi , Tokunaga Masashi , Tokura Yoshinori , Kawasaki Masashi
Published: May 2020

Magnetic semiconductors are a vital component in the understanding of quantum transport phenomena. To explore such delicate, yet fundamentally important, effects, it is crucial to maintain a high carrier mobility in the presence of magnetic moments. In practice, however, magnetization often diminishes the carrier mobility. Here, it is shown that EuTiO3 is a rare example of a magnetic semiconductor that can be desirably grown using the molecular beam epitaxy to possess a high carrier mobility exceeding 3000 cm2 V−1 s−1 at 2 K, while intrinsically hosting a large magnetization value, 7 μB per formula unit. This is demonstrated by measuring the Shubnikov–de Haas (SdH) oscillations in the ferromagnetic state of EuTiO3 films with various carrier densities. Using first‐principles calculations, it is shown that the observed SdH oscillations originate genuinely from Ti 3d‐t2g states which are fully spin‐polarized due to their energetical proximity to the in‐gap Eu 4f bands. Such an exchange coupling is further shown to have a profound effect on the effective mass and fermiology of the Ti 3d‐t2g electrons, manifested by a directional anisotropy in the SdH oscillations. These findings suggest that EuTiO3 film is an ideal magnetic semiconductor, offering a fertile field to explore quantum phenomena suitable for spintronic applications.