bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Classification Algorithm for Career Recommendation System
Authors: Masika Robert , Rono Dr. Richard , Kati Dr. Robert
Published: March 2022

The tremendous developments in technology that have been realized in this digital era have greatly improved the way in which data is collected and used in schools. Over the years the number of secondary schools using technology in processing student data has been increasing steadily. As a result, a large amount of data in electronic form has been gathered. Classification algorithms can be used to study the patterns presented in these data and use it to predict a suitable career for a student. In this study classification algorithms were used to predict a suitable career for form four students. The study evaluated the best classification algorithm for implementing the career recommendation system in Kenya. The Cross Industry Standard Process for Data Mining framework was applied to a dataset drawn from form four students in Bungoma County in Kenya. Stratified random sampling was used to select 50 secondary schools and a 10% of candidates were selected from every sampled schools. The collected data were cleansed, preprocessed and analyzed using a data mining tool of RapidMiner. Various classification algorithms were evaluated in predicting a suitable career for a student. The study findings revealed that classification algorithms can be used to predict a suitable career for a student. All the classifiers that were used gave a predictive accuracy of above 88% though deep learning was the most accurate with 97.5%. However, since the classifiers out performed each other in various metrics, therefore using multiple classification algorithms in building the recommendation model can yield better results. The study therefore concludes that classification models comprising of multiple classifiers can be used to predict suitable careers for secondary students.
A Rare Case of Primary Pulmonary Synovial Sarcoma
Authors: Kuppusamy Thilagarani , Prasad Sowmya Devi Ajith , Gounder Maheshwaran Kuppanasamy
Published: March 2022

Synovial Sarcoma (SS) is a rare mesenchymal neoplasm arising commonly from the periarticular tissue. Primary SS involving the lung accounts for less than 0.5% of all lung tumours. SS are high grade aggressive tumours affecting the extremities of adolescents and young adults. Clinically, patient presents with cough, breathing difficulty, chest pain or haemoptysis and imaging studies may reveal a mass lesion but for definitive diagnosis, histopathology and immunohistochemical examination is needed. Hereby, authors report a case of 39-year-old female diagnosed with primary pulmonary SS with particular emphasis on the pathologic findings.
Efficacy of CBNAAT versus Adenosine Deaminase in Fluids in Extrapulmonary Tuberculosis
Authors: Soni Abhinay Krishna , Puraskar Prashant , Shrikhande Akash , Soni Shweta
Published: March 2022

Introduction: Tuberculosis though primarily, is a pulmonary disease, it may manifest as Extrapulmonary Tuberculosis (EPTB). The gold standard method for the diagnosis of extrapulmonary tuberculosis is blood culture. Increased activity of Adenosine Deaminase (ADA) is observed in tuberculosis. Cartridge-based Nucleic Acid Amplification Test (CBNAAT) or Gene Xpert Mycobacterium tuberculosis/ rifampicin (MTB/RIF) is based on Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction (RTPCR). Extrapulmonary tuberculosis may present with varied features, may mimic malignancy, and pose a diagnostic challenge. Aim: To assess and compare the efficacy of Cartridge-based Nucleic Acid Amplification Test (CBNAAT) and Adenosine Deaminase (ADA) in cases with extrapulmonary tuberculosis. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted on presumptive cases of extrapulmonary tuberculosis presenting in Department of Medicine at People’s Hospital, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India, from November 2019 to August 2021. All the patients were subjected to detailed history and clinical examination including series of blood and radiological investigations. Apart from this, ADA analysis and CBNAAT was done in all the cases and were treated accordingly. The two tests were compared using Chi-square test. The p-value <0.05 were considered statistically significant. Results: Male predominance was observed and with no statistical difference in age (p-value=0.09) and gender (p-value=0.21). Out of 19 cases of Tubercular Meningitis (TBM) from total 125, ADA was raised in 10 (52.6%) cases, whereas out of 42 Tubercular Pleural Effusion (TBPE) and 24 Tubercular Peritonitis (TBP) cases, ADA was raised in 26 (61.9%) and 4 (16.7%) cases, respectively. Out of 19 cases of TBM, CBNAAT was positive in 4 (21.1%) cases, whereas out of 42 TBPE and 24 TBP cases, CBNAAT positivity was documented in 8 (19%) and 2 (8.3%) cases, respectively. Overall, the sensitivity of ADA was higher for detection of TBM and TBPE as compared to CBNAAT but the specificity of CBNAAT was higher for all the extrapulmonary tuberculosis. Overall diagnostic accuracy of ADA was higher (61.6%) as compared to CBNAAT (43.2%) for detection of extrapulmonary tuberculosis. Conclusion: Extrapulmonary tuberculosis poses diagnostic challenge and thus for diagnosis, evaluation of each component i.e., history, physical examination, blood investigations, fluid analysis, ADA estimation, and CBNAAT is important. Relying solely on single diagnostic modality may be associated with low diagnostic yield, and thus each step of patient assessment must be given equal preference so as to improve the diagnostic yield.
Constraints Faced by Banana Growers in Adoption of IPM
Authors: Maheswaran Meenu , R. Patel Mahesh , Harikrishna Yeragorla Venkata
Published: March 2022

Integrated pest management (IPM), also known as Integrated Pest Control (IPC) is a broad-based approach that integrates practices for economic control of pests. Constraints mean hindrances or obstructions in the way of banana growers in adoption of integrated pest management practices. Keeping this in view, an attempt has been made to study constraints faced by banana growers of in adoption of IPM. The present study was conducted in Anand district of the Gujarat state in India. Total sample size for this research study was 100 banana growers adopting integrated pest management practices. Major constraints faced by farmers in adopting IPM were; lack of quality inputs for IPM in time, lack of training to the banana growers about IPM, high cost of chemicals and spraying equipments for IPM and un-availability of technical guidance for IPM in time. The major suggestions given by the banana growers to overcome the constraints faced by them in the adoption of IPM were; training should be given to the farmers regarding IPM practices, timely supply of quality IPM inputs and proper technical guidance for IPM.
Structural Pattern and Growth Analysis of Rice Production in Odisha
Authors: Zwan Rammah , Baig M. A. A. , Hossain Sk Mosharaf , Bhoi Priya Brata
Published: March 2022

Even though rice has high importance for food security and agricultural GDP in the agrarian economy of Odisha, production is constrained by several factors. The trends, patterns, and instability of key production parameters such as area, yield need to be studied to suggest insightful measures for the development of rice cultivation in the state. The resource use efficiency also assumes significance to determine the profitability of rice production. The study used both secondary and primary data and analyzed trend, instability, and resource use efficiency using compound annual growth method (CAGR), Cuddy-Della Valle Instability Index, and Cobb-Douglas production function respectively. While the area under rice in Odisha marked a negative annual growth (-0.18), the yield and productions have shown significant positive growth of 1.95 and 1.76% respectively for the period of 1960-2019. In respect of instability in production and productivity, moderate variability was observed. However, for the area, the instability is very less. The production function analysis has shown excessive usage of significant resources like labor, fertilizers, and pesticides. The ratio of marginal value product and marginal factor cost for these inputs were much less than one, thus suggesting resource use optimization for profit maximization.  The considerable variability in rice production, area and productivity in Odisha should be responded with strategic and sustainable measures.
Actor Linkages in Dairy Innovation Platforms: A Case Study in Kerala
Authors: Dominic D. M. , Gupta J. , Chandrakuma Aswathy , Francis Femi
Published: March 2022

Aim: The current study analyses the level and type of linkages among the actors in the innovation platform using actor linkage matrix (ALM). The Samagra scheme which includes dairy based projects namely Nature Fresh (NF) and Ksheerasagaram, was the innovation platform (IP) under the study. The beneficiaries of these projects were women SHG (Kudumbasree) members.

Study Design: Survey design was used for the current descriptive study.

Place and Duration of Study: The study was conducted in Kerala as a part of M.Sc research work in the year 2017-18, affiliated to National Dairy Research Institute.

Methods: Stakeholder identification was done using the information from secondary sources, the members of the selected SHGs and other stakeholders in the public and private sectors using checklist, open ended interviews and focus group discussions. The strength of the linkages and their reciprocity were depicted in the actor linkage matrix.

Results: The study found out that only very few strong reciprocal linkages were there in the IP value chain which was between the SHG members and the Community Development Society (CDS) chairperson, Veterinary Surgeon (VS) and consumers. Medium linkage was observed between the SHG members and private sector actors like input dealers and marketing agents. The public sector actors like the State and District level Kudumbasree officials, State Veterinary Universities (SVUs), Dairy Development Department (DDD), Animal Husbandry Department (AHD) had the weakest of the linkages with the other stakeholders. Although there is a scope for establishing and strengthening dynamic linkages between actors, it is not exploited and promoted.

The actor linkages and dynamics are crucial in fostering the innovativeness in organizing the dairy value chain and for the institutionalization of the IP. Thus the IP framework should focus on linkages that need to be developed and make the required changes in policy and practice for this to happen.
Digital Banking Adoption in Nigeria: The Place of Technology Acceptance Model
Authors: Olaolu Awoniyi,
Published: March 2022

This paper considered the adoption of digital banking in Nigeria focusing on mobile banking and internet banking with a conceptual framework that extends Technology Acceptance Model. The model of this study incorporated additional variables that would stimulate the usage of digital banking in Nigeria. These conceptual framework variables include perceived usefulness, ease of use, security and banking regulations. Questionnaires were administered electronically and the set quota of 25 respondents per bank totaling 250 was met. Cronbach’s alpha test showed that the instrument had a value greater than 0.70 which implied that the research instrument was reliable. Purposeful sampling technique was used for sampling size estimation of the descriptive and inferential statistics while the author utilized multiple regression method to analyze the data. The result of the research revealed that motivation for adoption of digital banking proxied by (perceived usage, ease of use, security and banking regulation) significantly affected mobile banking (AdR2 =0.255; F=8.357; p-value=0.000), as well as internet banking (AdR2 =0.270; F=8.960; p-value=0.000). The study therefore concluded that TAM variables in addition to security and banking regulations have statistically significant positive impact on the adoption of digital banking platforms (mobile banking and internet banking). The study therefore recommends that TAM should consider external influencing factors peculiar to the working environments as cardinal to the adoption of technology besides the TAM’s recognized variables.
Financial Accounting Information System Usage for Management Decision Making in Nigerian Banking Institution
Authors: Ofanson C. E. , Ofanson E. J. , Onuorah A. C. , Oboro O. G.
Published: March 2022

This exploration examines the job of accounting information systems in helping associations settle on savvy decisions. This study depends vigorously on essential information gathered by means of overviews. The information was investigated using relapse and Karl Pearson's connection. The findings uncover that the bank's internal examiners were not given an adequate number of reports brilliantly. In any case, associations are exhorted Invest in information innovation devices to increase their productivity, adequacy, and generally speaking performance.

The review closed as follows: An association's accounting information has been demonstrated to be its most significant resource (monetary venture). Accounting information has shown its viability as a management decision-making apparatus. Organizations were likewise worried about projects that are intended to help the general economy.

The concentrate likewise prescribes that Managers ought to have the option to utilize the accounting or report information they are given to make examinations of choices, To maintain adequate execution, right division of obligations, and follow-up processes, both management and administrative officials should be involved in the oversight interaction.

The bank should ensure that all review reports are shipped off their clients sooner rather than later to ensure that consideration is paid to and right records are maintained.

The assets ought to be designated to endeavor to evaluate the effect of the accounting principles currently in use on administrative decision making. Management ought to occasionally offer in-support training for bookkeepers to work on their activities, since these projects give important management accounting information.
Estimation of Dynamic Viscosity for Cobalt Oxide/Glycol Nano Fluid
Authors: Abbashar Elhassan Sanaa Ahmed , Sulieman Ali Eltoum Mohammed
Published: March 2022

In this study the effects due to temperature and shear rate on viscosity for Co3O4/glycol based Nano fluids at different concentration of metal oxide and different temperatures were experimentally investigated. The structure of the prepared Co3O4/glycol nanoparticles was confirmed using XRD (X-Ray Diffraction) technique. All viscosity measurements were conducted using a capillary viscometer, the viscosity experiment were carried out at wide temperatures ranging between 20°C and 80°C to determine their applicability in such range. The viscosity data were collected using a programmable rhemoter. The result showed that the Co3O4 glycol exhibit increasing viscosity with increasing nanoparticle loading and decreasing viscosity with increasing temperature.
Cytotoxicity and Genotoxicity of Sunset Yellow and Potassium Sorbate in Jurkat Cell Line
Authors: Halilčević D. , Dautović E. , Lelić M. , Husejnović M. Šljivić , Smajlović A. , Srabović N. , Softić A.
Published: March 2022

Aims: Industrial processed food, pharmaceutical and cosmetical products contain numerous substances the safety of which has been widely concerned. Potassium sorbate (PS) is a common preservative used in a wide-range of products. Sunset yellow (SY) is one of the most commonly used dye in food and pharmaceutical industry. Several studies suggested cytotoxic and genotoxic potential of SY and PS in different cell lines. These effects can lead to organ damage and cancer development. The aim of this study is to investigate cytotoxic and genotoxic potential of two widely used food additives, SY and PS, in Jurkat cell line.

Methodology: PrestoBlue assay was used to assess the cytotoxic potential of SY and PS. For observation of DNA damage, cytostatic and cytotoxic effects, the cytokinesis-block micronucleus cytome (CBMN) assay was performed.

Results: Decrease of cell viability in Jurkat cell line was observed after 24-hour exposure to both SY and PS. CBMN assay has revealed significant increase of necrotic cells (P<0.05). Genotoxic biomarkers were in physiological range after 24-hour exposure to both analyzed additives.

Conclusion: Our findings suggest that SY, as well as PS have cytotoxic potential in Jurkat cell line, as a result of increased number of necrotic cells. Higher cytotoxic effect was caused by SY compared to PS. However, genotoxic potential was not recorded for any of the food additives analyzed.
Response of Pineapple Yield and Quality on Pinching of Crown Leaves Combined with Bagging of Fruits
Authors: Baraily Prerna , Deb Prahlad
Published: March 2022

The experiment was carried out during 2014-2016 at Horticulture farm under the Department of Horticulture and Post Harvest Technology, Institute of Agriculture, Visva Bharati, Sriniketan to study the ‘Response of pineapple yield and quality on pinching of crown leaves combined with bagging of fruits’. The experiment comprised of 9 treatment combinations of pinching of leaves with different types of bagging materials that is T1:control, T2: pinching of 3 crown leaves; T3: pinching of 6 crown leaves; T4: pinching of 3 crown leaves + bagging with thin jute bag; T5: pinching of 3 crown leaves + bagging with perforated black polythene; T6: pinching of 3 crown leaves + bagging with news paper; T7: pinching of 6 crown leaves + bagging with thin jute bag; T8: pinching of 6 crown leaves + bagging with perforated black polythene; T9: pinching of 6 crown leaves + bagging with news paper . Entire experiment was done by using RBD with three replications. Observations was recorded on yield and quality attributes namely, fruit length without crown (cm), crown length (cm), fruit weight without crown (g), crown weight (g), estimated yield without crown (t/ha), fruit juice content (g), TSS (oB), acidity (%), TSS: acidity ratio, reducing sugar (%) and total sugar (%). Results denoted that the fruit size, fruit weight, and estimated yield was found best with the treatment T9 (6 crown leaves pinching with newspaper bagging) and all the fruit quality parameter like TSS, acidity, ascorbic acid, reducing and non reducing sugar, and orgenoleptic score was also found superior in T9 (6 crown leaves pinching with newspaper bagging. These result is may be due to the fact that bagging keeps the temperature lower than external environment and helps to arouse proper development and growth and pinching of leaves consequently increases the weight of fruit and also make it convenient for handling and markinteng.
Vaccine Hesitancy and Acceptability of COVID-19 Vaccines among Students in Medical Specialties. The University of Aden, Yemen
Authors: Zain Al-Sakkaf Khalid Abdullah , Basaleem Huda , Bawazir Amen
Published: March 2022

Background: The World Health Organization (WHO) considered the COVID-19 vaccine as a new critical tool against SARS-CoV-2 which has successfully reduced the global burden of illness and death. This study aims to assess the acceptability of the COVID-19 vaccine among students in Medical Specialties at the University of Aden, Yemen, and the factors affecting their intention to accept the vaccine.

Methods: A cross-sectional study design was used to target medically related students in the University of Aden with a proportional sample stratified by specialty and educational level during the first semester of 2021-2022. A self-reported questionnaire consisted of five primary sections: sociodemographic characteristics, information on beliefs and attitudes about COVID-19, the attitudes and beliefs about a COVID-19 vaccination, level of willingness and support for COVID-19 vaccine, and finally about the sources of knowledge about the COVID-19 vaccine was used.

Results: The total number of students enrolled in this study was 422 from the different medical specialties at the University of Aden. The knowledge level was low among the participants (55.2%). However, the rest of the findings related to other domains were found to be poor and showed higher barriers to reduce the level of infection (70.9%), acceptability of the COVID-19 vaccine (47.4%), low level of attitude toward the COVID-19 vaccine (48.3%), and high negative perception on the vaccine (67.8%), respectively. Findings showed a significant statistical difference in gender between males and females (p=0.003), age group as younger compared to older age (p=0.048), and the area of residency by governorates (p=0.044).

Conclusion: Overall, medical students in the University of Aden demonstrated low knowledge, high false perceptions, and barriers to the COVID-19 vaccine. Male students showed a likely higher level of vaccine uptake willingness and demonstrated a more positive attitude to accept the vaccine than females. This strengthens the need to take measures and address the rumors and conspiracy theories to avoid distrust in the efficacy and safety of the vaccine.
Molecular Epidemiology of Carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii Isolates in a Senegalese University Teaching Hospital
Authors: Lo Gora , Dieng Assane , Ba-Diallo Awa , Samb Marieme , Tine Alioune , Mbaye Lo Ndiaye Serigne , Karam Farba , Diagne-Samb Habsa , Ngom-Cisse Safietou , Sow Ndoye Aissatou , Diop-Ndiaye Halimatou , Toure-Kane Coumba , Gaye-Diallo Aïssatou , Mboup Souleymane , Saad Bouh Boye Cheikh , Camara Makhtar
Published: March 2022

Background: The emergence and spread of carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii are critical in hospitals, particularly in intensive care units (ICUs), which represents a public health concern worldwide. In this study, we investigated the molecular epidemiology of multi-drug resistant A. baumannii (MDR-AB) in Dakar, Senegal.

Methods. The A. baumannii was isolated from Eosin Methylene Blue Agar culture and identified using API 20NE strip test and MALDI-TOF. The antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed using the disk diffusion method. Simplex and multiplex-polymerase chain reactions with appropriate primers were used to detect and sequence the following β-lactamase genes: Two class D carbapenem hydrolyzing oxacillinases (blaOXA-51 and blaOXA-23), three class B metallo-β-lactamase genes (blaIMP, blaVIM and blaNDM), and five class A β-lactamase genes (blaPER, blaSHV, blaVEB, blaTEM, and blaGES).

Results: A total of 29 strains of MDR-AB were isolated from patients hospitalized at Aristide Le Dantec University teaching hospital in Dakar, Senegal. Among the 29 MDR-AB strains isolated, 11 (37.9%) were isolated from ICUs, 5 (17.2%) from pediatric surgery, and 13 (44.8%) from other departments. The MDR strains were isolated from urine and pus samples with 12 (41.4%) and 9 (31.0%), respectively. All isolates were positive for the A. baumannii specific gene blaOXA-51. The blaOXA-51 and blaOXA-23 genes coexisted in 26 (89.65%) of the strains. The blaIMP and blaVIM genes were not detected among the selected strains. Moreover1 (3.4%) strain elicited the gene coding for metallo-β-lactamase NDM-1. 2 (6.9%) isolates turned out to produce the penicillinase TEM-2.

Conclusions: Carbapenem resistance in Senegalese strains of A. baumannii is predominantly due to the worldwide disseminated gene blaOXA-23, with a subset of strains due to NDM-1 and TEM-2. Systemic molecular surveillance network should be established for further efficient monitoring of MDR strains in Senegal.
Results of Trial Oriental Tobacco Varieties Planting in Ninh Thuan and Dak Lak Province, Vietnam in 2021
Authors: Dinh Dung Do , Van Chin Nguyen , Thai Binh Ho , Van Lu Nguyen , Van Van Nguyen , Ngoc Tuan Tao , Ha Thanh Pham
Published: March 2022

The oriental tobacco trial was planted to evaluate the possibility of producing Oriental tobacco in Vietnam. Vietnam Tobacco Institute tested six oriental tobacco varieties in Ninh Son district under Ninh Thuan province in 2019 - 2020. Those varieties originated from Bulgaria country were bred and multiplied for other countries researching the adaptability of variety. The test results showed that oriental tobacco varieties were good growing and proper for soil and climate conditions in Ninh Thuan province. Using the trial varieties selected, we have collected the best two varieties to expand the growing area in Ninh Thuan and Dak Lak provinces in the year 2021, including the Basma 16 and Hanski 227 varieties. In 2021, we tried the Basma 16 with a planting density of 280.000 plants/ha, and Hanski 227 was 110.000 plants/ha. Based on results of the soil analysis, the fertilizer formula in Ninh Thuan province consisted of 2 levels as PB1 (30N + 0P2O5 + 50K2O kg/ha) and PB2 (40N + 0P2O5 + 50K2O kg/ha); whilst for Dak Lak province, the fertilizer formula was PB1 (30N + 30P2O5 + 50K2O kg/ha), PB2 was 40N + 30P2O5 + 50K2O kg/ha with N: (NH4NO3), P: (Ca(H2PO4)2) and K: (K2SO4). The experiments were pairs designed, with every formula of 500 m2. The trial results of 2021 showed that in two levels of fertilizer, the dry yield, nicotine content, sugar content, and chlorine content of oriental tobacco varieties in Ninh Thuan province ranged from 1.44 - 1.70 tons/ha, 0.68 - 1.33%, 19.2 - 22.2%, and 1.41 - 1.80%; meanwhile in Dak Lak province were 1.57 - 1.82 tons/ha, 1.0 - 1.39%, 9.8 - 12.0%, and 0.27 - 0.31%. Based on the results analysis of chemical compositions in tobacco leaves and smoking properties, the oriental tobacco in Dak Lak has good quality and was similar to the oriental tobacco imported from Bulgaria, Turkey and Greece countries. In contrast, in Ninh Thuan, oriental tobacco was not having good quality but hot smoke and poorly burning. So, the Dak Lak province was a good region for oriental tobacco in Vietnam with formulas of trial fertilizer above applied. In 2022, we will continue to expand the growing areas of oriental tobacco in Dak Lak province to limit the importation of oriental tobacco products from foreign countries.
Early Outcome of Mid-Shaft Radius & Ulna Fracture Osteosynthesis through Single Posterior Incision Approach
Authors: Memon Faheem Ahmed , Butt Siraj Ahmed , Memon Shakeel Ahmed , Memon Iftikhar Ahmed , Kumar Santosh , Sushel Champa
Published: March 2022

Objective: To determine the early outcome of mid-shaft radius and ulna fracture osteosynthesis through single posterior incision approach.

Study Design and Setting: This is a retrospective study carried out at Orthopaedic Surgery department, Liaquat University of Medical and Health Sciences Jamshoro, from September 2019 to December 2020.

Material and Methods: In total 14 patients were operated out of which 9(64.29%) were male and 5 were females through posterior single incision approach (Thompson approach). Demographic data regarding the pattern of fracture and the complications after the surgery at 2,6 and 12 weeks was collected respectively.

Results: The total number of cases operated from September 2019 to December 2020 were 14, out of 14 patients 9(64.29%) were males and 5(35.71%) were females. The average age of patients was 26.5 years ranging from 16-40 years .The average time of surgery was 61 minutes ranging from 50-70 minutes. The patients were discharged on 3rd post-operative perficial wound infection which was treated with antibiotics after culture and sensitivity There was no neurovascular deficit in all patients. All the fractures were united within 3 months time, and there was no radio ulnar synostosis observed within mean time.

Conclusion: To conclude we can say that the single posterior incision approach for treatment of mid-shaft radius ulna fractures osteyosynthisis is effective and safe provided the surgical expertise and good anatomical knowledge for identification of the vital structures are there.
A Review on Antimicrobial Stewardship Programs in Multiple Care Settings
Authors: Rajesh Aiswarya , Mohanan Haritha , Thomas Rajeev P.
Published: March 2022

Antimicrobial resistance is a global problem that is regarded as one of the most important threats to human health. Misuse of antibiotics leads to an increase in antibiotic resistance as well as higher healthcare costs. Antimicrobial stewardship is a coordinated, multidisciplinary program aimed at improving antimicrobial prescribing to enhance treatment outcomes while reducing unpredictable consequences of antimicrobial use, such as toxicity, pathogenic organism selection, and resistance emergence. Each hospital has its own antimicrobial stewardship program, which requires the enthusiastic participation of both administration and medical staff. The key components are audits and feedbacks, antibiotic pre-authorization, the use of guidelines or written material, and healthcare professional education. These strategies allow for a reduction in total antibiotic exposure while still providing the best care and avoiding the overuse of broad-spectrum antibiotics. Prospective audits can reveal ineffective interventions and suggest changes. The goal of this review is to gain a better understanding of Antimicrobial Stewardship programs so that antibiotic prescribing, dispensing, and administration can be improved in multiple care settings.
The Diagnostic Usefulness of Bone Marrow Examination and Bone Marrow Culture in Patients with Pyrexia of Unknown Origin
Authors: Memon Waseem Raja , Hashami Uzma , Khaskheli Abdul Manan , Ahmed Atif , Qureshi Kamran Ali , Khan Bedar Bakhat
Published: March 2022

Introduction: Bone marrow cultures (BMCs) are usually obtained in the diagnosis of pyrexia of unknown origin (PUO). In the effort to identify the cause of systemic infection, BMCs are often performed in addition with blood cultures (BCs) and cultures of other body fluids and tissues. The practice of performing BMC and Blood cultures is long-standing, but the medical importance is questionable. Given the importance of cost effectiveness, such practices must be assessed on the basis of their cost-benefit to patient outcomes. In this study we compared the value of BMC with BC and studied the usefulness of the histopathological features of bone marrow trephine biopsy specimens in detecting the cause of systemic infections in selected patient population with PUO.

Objective: To determine the usefulness of bone marrow culture for the diagnosis of different causes of pyrexia of unknown origin.

Study Design: Descriptive Cross-sectional study

Place and Duration of Study: This study was conducted at Peoples University of Medical and Health Sciences for Women Nawabshah Pakistan from June January 2020 to January 2021.

Materials and Methods: A total 150 patients were included in this study who fulfilled the criteria of pyrexia of unknown origin. The bone marrow aspiration, biopsy, and blood cultures specimens were obtained using standard techniques and bone marrow culture send for microbial analysis.

Results: 1.5% of patients had hematomas, one diagnosed with Behcet disease, other patients with acute leukemia. The bone marrow aspiration results exhibited that 23 patients (15.3%) diagnose with a hemophagocytic syndrome where 3 cases of infection, 3 cases with hematological malignant disorder, and 7 cases with hemophagocytosis, and repercussion of bone marrow aspiration diagnosed 5 acute leukemia and 2 with visceral leishmaniasis. The usefulness of BMB was determined through an odd ratio of few parameters including thrombocytopenia with odd ratio 4.59 and 95% CI (1.07-8.4), anemia odd ratio 3.17, and CI (1.09-12.92) were considered most associated factors for the usefulness of BMB. BMC in 13 (8.66%) patients out of 150 were found with bacterial growth and 2 (1.33%) cases with bacterial growth were observed in blood culture. There was no fungal and mycobacterial growth observed. In the BMC analysis 2 cases of E. coli, 3 cases with Staphylococcus aureus, 2 cases of Enterococcus sps. while 4 cases of Salmonella typhi and 2 cases of Salmonella paratyphi-A were diagnosed in blood culture analysis.

Conclusion:  The obtained data indicate that blood culture did not divulge bacterial growth without the bone marrow culture. Therefore bone marrow culture was found to be an important diagnostic modality and correlation was found for thrombocytopenia and anemia. Bone marrow biopsy is deemed a useful method to diagnose pyrexia of unknown origin.
Correlation Studies between Leptin, Glucose and Insulin in Pre and Postmenopausal Saudi
Authors: Othman Nashwa Sh. , Bhat Ramesa Shafi , Warsy Arjumand
Published: March 2022

Leptin act as a regulator of cellular energy metabolism but its role in   lipid metabolism in humans is still unclear. Relation between leptin and plasma lipids in Saudi females was evaluated in this study. 126 females with age ranging from 18 to 75 years were recruited and grouped into premenopausal and postmenopausal females and then in lean, normal weight, overweight, and obese on the basis of their BMI values.  The serum samples were assessed for Leptin, Cholesterol, triglycerides, High-density lipoproteins (HDL-C), Low-density lipoproteins (LDL-C), insulin and glucose. Significant increase in glucose, triglycerides and leptin was associated with increase weight. Insulin level was found to be significantly highest in overweight group. Cholesterol, LDL-C was found to increase with increase weight while HDL-C was decreased with increased weight.  Leptin, triglycerides and glucose were significantly higher (P<0.05) in the postmenopausal females as compared to the premenopausal group. Remarkable increase of cholesterol and glucose was found in postmenopausal female while HDL-C, LDL-C and insulin were slightly decreased in postmenopausal females. High serum leptin levels can act as the risk factor for diabetes in obese and postmenopausal female.  Regular monitoring of total leptin   at pre-menopause stage could help in managing   some life-threatening condition related to obesity in old age.
The Psychological Impact of Acne Vulgaris on Patients at a Tertiary Care Hospital
Authors: Petkar Sunil , Waghmare Pratima , Rana Aparna , Maheshawari Pravin
Published: March 2022

Acne vulgaris is multifactorial in origin where Propionibacterium acnes and altered keratinisation are some of the factors which contribute to the inflammation and obstruction of the pilosebaceous unit. Acne causes the formation of pleomorphic lesions like comedones, papules, pustules, nodules and cysts which may lead to scarring. Lesions of acne are predominantly seen on the face, chest, back, shoulders and upper arms. The aim of the study is to understand the psychological impact that acne vulgaris has on patients in a tertiary care hospital. The study will be carried out over a period of two years from May 21 to May 23 in Terna Speciality Hospital and Research Centre in Nerul, Navi Mumbai, in the Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Leprosy in collaboration with the Department of Psychiatry in Terna Speciality Hospital and Research Centre in Nerul, Navi Mumbai. This study is done to get a deeper look at the psyche of the people suffering from it and what can be done to manage it better.
Efficacy of Pippali Rasayana as an Adjuvant Therapy on Pulmonary Function in Patients of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
Authors: Shinde Shubham , Kuchewar Vaishali
Published: March 2022

Background: Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) is a chronic, recurrent condition, prevalent in the general population. In modern medicine, treatment modalities are aimed to diminish the incidence and extreme aggravation of clinical features. Nowadays, pippali rasayana being considered as a promising treatment approach for COPD. However, due to methodological limitations, there is no strong evidence to support pippali rasayana. 

Aim: The goal of the study is to evaluate the efficacy of Pippali Rasayana on pulmonary function in COPD patients

Materials and Methods: It is double arm randomized placebo controlled single blind clinical trial. Total 60 patients of COPD will be randomly divided into two groups (each group contain 30). In both groups, standard treatment of modern medicine will be continued. With this, in Group A (Intervention), pippali rasayana 5 gm (25 gm twice a day after meal ) with honey will be given for 45 days and Group B (placebo group) will be given placebo (250 mg twice a day after meal ) with water for 45 days. Assessment will be done on 15th, 30th and 45st day.

Results: Result will be declared on the basis of effect of pippali rasayana with pulmonary function test as well as frequency of Dyspnea, Chronic cough, Excessive sputum production.

Conclusion: This trial may provide evidence on the efficacy of pippali rasayanaon pulmonary function in COPD.
Correlation of Mandibular Angle and Malocclusion with Hand Grip Strength in Vertical, Horizontal and Average Grower
Authors: Awachat Akshata , Jadhav Vikrant
Published: March 2022

Background: An orthodontic treatment focuses on improving an individual's facial esthetics and functional occlusion via improved chewing patterns, muscular power, increased force, and occlusal contact area through a more efficient masticatory function. Every decision made during orthodontics treatment will be influenced by the patient’s growth pattern and /or muscle strength.

Objectives: To evaluate the gonial Angle in vertical, horizontal and average grower, to evaluate the hand grip strength in vertical, horizontal and average grower and to correlate between gonial angle with hand grip strength in vertical, horizontal and average growth pattern.

Methodology: We will study a patient group undergoing orthodontics treatment with vertical, horizontal, and average growth patterns in the Orthodontics Department at Sharad Pawar Dental College and Hospital in Sawangi (Meghe), Wardha District. The calculated sample size of the study will be 196, under criteria 49 for vertical, 49 for horizontal, and 98 for the average growth pattern. Both male and female norms for the value are to be evaluated based on the value.

Expected Results: Hand grip strength is to be compared between average, horizontal and vertical growers. Hand grip strength would be inferior in the large gonial angle group compared to the small gonial angle group. Gonial angle is the most conspicuous determining factor of Hand grip strength. Assessment of growth pattern has a vital role in diagnosis and treatment planning.

Conclusion: In the present study it will be an attempt to analyze effectiveness of gonial angle in vertical, horizontal and average growth pattern patients compared with hand grip strength. Subject with large and small gonial angle groups using cephalometric radiograph shall be assessed with hand grip strength. A major finding of this study is that gonial angle is one of the key factors for the strength of Hand grips.
A Study Protocol for Assessing the Correlation of USG Guided Fine Needle Aspiration Cytology and Histopathology of Intra-abdominal Masses
Authors: Sonone Pankaj P. , Makrande Jayant S. , Vagha Sunita
Published: March 2022

Background: Deeply situated, solitary or nonpalpable lesions of abdomen are a common problem in surgical practice  and are generally hard to evaluate.  impair the quality of life and may have poor prognosis leading to higher mortalities. By using imaging technique difference between malignant and non-malignant lesions is generally done.  USG guided FNAC of intra-abdominal masses is a good diagnostic modality to facilitate treatment planning. Histopathological correlation aids in sensitivity and specificity of Ultra sound guided FNAC thereby making it first investigation of choice for evaluation of intra-abdominal masses. This study attempts to assess the utility of Ultra sound guided fine needle aspiration cytology of intra-abdominal masses and their histopathological correlation.

Methodology: This Prospective study will be conducted in Cyto-histopathology division of Department of Pathology, JNMC, Wardha. Total 30 patients with abdominal masses will be enrolled in the study. Fine needle aspiration of the abdominal lump will be done in the Department of Radiology, using real time USG. The data will be analysed using appropriate statistical programmes.

Expected Results: A significant correlation is expected between histopathology and ultrasound guided fine needle aspiration cytology of intra-abdominal masses.

Conclusion: Conclusion will be drawn from on the basis of results obtained from this study.
Protocol for Establishing the Norms of Total Tooth Material for Central Indian Population
Authors: Agrawal Sakshi , Daigavane Pallavi , Kamble Ranjit H. , Chimote Bhagyashri
Published: March 2022

Background: Appealing profile is dependent on constructive interrelation of craniofacial structure so as to establish systemic equilibrium . An esthetic profile may also be associated with single tooth or inter-arch malocclusion. To correct these malocclusions, the corresponding link of tooth material of upper and lower arch is the prerequisite to achieve functional stability of occlusion, structural balance and esthetic harmony.

Objectives: To determine tooth size ratios for maxillary and mandibular dentition in Central Indian population.

Methodology: The study sample comprised of 500 subjects (250 males and 250 females) aged between 12-20 years with all permanent first molar erupted will be obtained from the department. The mesio–distal width of all teeth anterior to first molar of maxillary and mandibular teeth from right to left side will be calculated

Expected Results: Proof of sexual dimorphism was seen among Indian male subjects have greater mean values as compared to females. Statistically considerable differences were establish between Indian samples and Bolton Caucasian standards.

Conclusion: The research presents, evidence that size of teeth are population specific. Mean values specific to peculiar population samples should be obtained in order to make treatment regime more precise as well as predictable.
Caries Status among Leprosy Patients: A KAP Survey
Authors: Christopher Varusha Sharon , Ganapathy Dhanraj
Published: March 2022

Leprosy is a chronic granulamatous dreadful disease affecting the body causing severe disfigurement and loss of function. The patients infected with this disease are ostracised in the society and their oral health status is often neglected. The study was conducted on 30 patients treated in St. John leprosy colony, Chengalpet. Of these 30% were female patients and 70% were male patients. Age ranges between 40 and 70 with the mean age being 52. Subjects diagnosed as leprotic (tuberculoid, borderline, and lepromatous) and under multidrug resistance therapy were included in the study.  Dental caries was diagnosed using mouth mirror and explorer. The data was analysed and has been charged. The cumulative DMFT score for the surveyed population was 197. Out of 197 carious teeth 73 belonged to class I, 21 belonged to class II and class III, 22 belonged to class IV, 43 belonged to class V, 17 belonged to class VI. The caries status in patients with leprosy is active and significant. Hence rigorous awareness and treatment measures should be undertaken to address this.
Study of Platelet Indices as a Prognostic Marker in COVID-19 Patients
Authors: Lahane Vivek , Acharya Sourya , Kumar Sunil
Published: March 2022

Background: SARS-CoV-2 is a novel corona virus responsible for the dreadful  COVID-19 pandemic. In more severely ill COVID-19 patients, clotting complications, such as microvascular thrombi in the arteries and veins, are also shown. Although uncommon in the entire population of COVID-19 patients, DIC is present in more than 70 percent of dying patients and is therefore a critical feature of the final events that drive the vicious cycle culminating in death. SARS-CoV-2 is known to penetrate endothelial cells, and platelet recruitment to the sites of infection may be caused by the resulting endothelial injury. In the course of the disease, the subsequent activation and degranulation of platelets can exacerbate conditions. Prognosis of these patients is directly related to worsening of certain hematological indices. Total Platelet Count and other dynamic platelet related  parameters in COVID-19 patients are currently at concern. This study aims to assess the platelet indices as a prognostic markers in COVID-19 infection.

Materials and Methods:  This Cross sectional study will be conducted in COVID-19 centre of AVBRH Wardha. Total 150 confirmed COVID-19 patients will be selected, and divided into two groups based on oxygen saturation. Blood samples will be collected. They will be analysed for complete blood count, platelet indices, C-reactive protein (CRP) and for other biochemical tests. Patients with complains of shortness of breath will also be evaluated for lung computed tomography (CT). Chi square test for continuous variable and Students paired t test for numerical variable will be applied.  Multiple regression analysis will be applied wherever needed. SPSS 24.0 version will be used in analysis where p< 0.05 will be considered significant.

Results:  We expect to find a significant correlation between mortality and different platelet indices.

Conclusion:  Platelets play a vital role in prognosis of COVID-19 patients. Surveillance of platelet indices have a great prognostic value in patients with COVID-19.
Assessment of Serum Biomarkers in Oral Submucous Fibrosis for Prescription of Planned Diet: A Study Protocol
Authors: Sune Ravikant V, , Bhowate Rahul R. , Lohe Vidya K. , Meshram Mrunal G.
Published: March 2022

Background: Oral submucous fibrosis is common and aptly a chronic condition affecting oropharyngeal structure. Characteristically it shows burning mouth sensation, mucosal stiffness with reduced mouth opening and difficulty to eat. There are many treatment options but no single treatment has proven effective. Impairment of genomic structure by ROS may initiate and promote carcinogenesis. Physiologic antioxidants work together with exogenous antioxidants to curtail effects of ROS. Vitamins E and C are especially important among the external antioxidants. OSMF is premalignant condition and is consistently associated with betel nut and tobacco like carcinogens, so may have connotation with ROS.

Objective: To determine levels of iron, zinc, copper, vitamin A, C, E within serum of oral submucous fibrosis patients to conceptualize diet plan for different grades of OSMF according to need of the patient.

Method: The present study will be conducted in 50 cases of OSMF. Five milliliters of venous blood will be obtained of each participant from the antecubital vein using 24-gauge needle. The blood samples will be centrifuged and stored. Analysis of serum for iron, copper, zinc, and vitamins A, C and E will be done subsequently with ELISA diagnostic kits for these biomarkers respectively.

Results: Serum analysis will show low levels of iron, copper, zinc, vitamin A, C and E which may act as contributing factor in the etiology of OSMF. Depending on the deficient element, diet plan will be prepared according to the need of the patient.

Conclusion: Incidence of mouth cancer is expected to rise in near future because of increase in prevalence of oral submucous fibrosis. Altered nutritional status may be an important factor in causation of OSMF. Assessing biochemical changes will help in determining the nutritional status of patient. This will help in prescribing nutritional diet for patients suffering from OSMF.