bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Risk factors for local recurrence in patients with clinical stage II/III low rectal cancer: A multicenter retrospective cohort study in Japan
Authors: Kozu Takumi , Akiyoshi Takashi , Sakamoto Takashi , Yamaguchi Tomohiro , Yamamoto Seiichiro , Okamura Ryosuke , Konishi Tsuyoshi , Umemoto Yoshihisa , Hida Koya , Naitoh Takeshi ,   Japan Society of Laparoscopic Colorectal Surgery
Published: August 2024

Background

Identifying risk factors for local recurrence (LR) is pivotal in optimizing rectal cancer treatment. Total mesorectal excision (TME) and lateral lymph node dissection (LLND) are the standard treatment for advanced low rectal cancer in Japan. However, large‐scale studies to evaluate risk factors for LR are limited.

Methods

Data from 1479 patients with clinical stage II/III low rectal cancer below the peritoneal reflection, surgically treated between January 2010 and December 2011 across 69 hospitals, were analyzed. Fine–Gray multivariable regression modeling was used to identify risk factors associated with LR. Two models were developed: one using preoperative factors only, and the other incorporating operative and postoperative factors.

Results

Across the entire cohort, the 5‐year cumulative incidence of LR was 12.3% (95% confidence interval, 10.7–14.1). The multivariable analysis associated LR with various preoperative (body mass index, distance from anal verge, cN category, and histological subtype), treatment‐related (neoadjuvant therapy, and LLND), and postoperative (pT, pN, and resection margins) risk factors. For patients without neoadjuvant treatment, LR risk was unacceptably high with two or three preoperative risk factors (body mass index ≥25 kg/m2, distance from anal verge ≤4.0 cm, non‐well/moderately differentiated adenocarcinoma). The 5‐year cumulative incidence of LR was 24.7% in patients treated without LLND and 22.9% in patients treated with LLND.

Conclusion

This large multicenter cohort study identified some risk factors for LR in the setting where upfront TME was predominant, offering insights to optimize rectal cancer treatment.
Minimum proportion of future liver remnant in safe major hepatopancreatoduodenectomy
Authors: Umemura Kentaro , Shimizu Akira , Notake Tsuyoshi , Kubota Koji , Hosoda Kiyotaka , Yasukawa Koya , Kamachi Atsushi , Goto Takamune , Tomida Hidenori , Soejima Yuji
Published: August 2024

Background and Aim

Post‐hepatectomy liver failure (PHLF) after major hepatopancreatoduodenectomy (HPD) is a challenge to overcome. However, the appropriate target proportion of the future liver remnant (pFLR) to prevent severe PHLF in major HPD remains uncertain. This study aimed to determine the minimum pFLR required for safe major HPD.

Methods

This retrospective study involved 48 major HPD patients. We assessed pFLR and remnant liver function scores (pFLR × albumin‐bilirubin [ALBI] / albumin‐indocyanine green evaluation [ALICE]/plasma clearance rate of indocyanine green [KICG]) as predictors for Grade B/C PHLF and established safety criteria.

Results

Grade B/C PHLF occurred in 40% of the patients (n = 19), leading to severe morbidity and two in‐hospital deaths. pFLR was a good predictor of Grade B/C PHLF [area under the curve (AUC) 0.80, p < 0.01] with a 45% optimal cutoff. While all remnant liver function scores predicted PHLF, the remnant ALICE demonstrated the best predictability (AUC 0.85, p < 0.01), with the sensitivity and specificity at 89% and 83%, respectively, using −0.86 as the cutoff. Independent risk factors for Grade B/C PHLF were remnant ALICE ≥−0.86 and blood loss ≥1500 mL. Grade B/C PHLF developed in 14% with pFLR ≥45% but reached 64% with pFLR <45%. However, the rate could be reduced to 33% with remnant ALICE <−0.86.

Conclusion

To prevent Grade B/C PHLF, a pFLR ≥45% is recommended. Nevertheless, major HPD may be considered in patients with good remnant liver function.
Smartphone‐Embedded Artificial Intelligence‐Based Regression for Colorimetric Quantification of Multiple Analytes with a Microfluidic Paper‐Based Analytical Device in Synthetic Tears
Authors: Baştürk Meliha , Yüzer Elif , Şen Mustafa , Kılıç Volkan
Published: August 2024

Artificial intelligence (AI) and smartphones have attracted significant interest in microfluidic paper‐based colorimetric sensing due to their convenience and robustness. Recently, AI‐based classification of colorimetric assays has been increasingly reported. However, quantitative evaluation remains a challenge, as classification aims to categorize the color change into discrete class labels rather than a quantity. Therefore, in this study, an AI‐based regression model with enhanced accuracy is developed and integrated into a microfluidic paper‐based analytical device for simultaneous colorimetric measurements of glucose, cholesterol, and pH. The model is also embedded into a smartphone via a custom‐designed Android application named ChemiCheck to complete on‐site colorimetric quantification without internet access in under 1 s. The results demonstrate that the integrated system is able to sensitively detect both glucose (limit of detection [LOD]: 131 ) and cholesterol (LOD: 217 ), concluding the entire analysis within minutes while maintaining a maximum root mean square error of 0.386. Overall, the integrated platform holds great promise for point‐of‐care testing and offers numerous advantages, including easy‐to‐use operation, rapid response, low‐cost, high selectivity, and consistent repeatability, particularly in nonlaboratory and resource‐limited environments.
Further evidence for an attenuated phenotype of in‐frame DMD deletions affecting the central rod domain of dystrophin around exon 48
Authors: Bürger Olga , Humbel Angelika , Ivanovski Ivan , Baumer Alessandra , Rauch Anita
Published: August 2024

Alterations in the X‐linked recessive DMD gene cause dystrophinopathies with a broad clinical spectrum most commonly ranging from Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) or Becker muscular dystrophy (BMD) to cardiomyopathy or intellectual disability. Carrier females are commonly unaffected but may show signs of dystrophinopathies. In addition, few asymptomatic male carriers with elevated creatine kinase levels have been described possibly related to deletions around exon 48. We now further support this assumed genotype–phenotype correlation by reporting an attenuated phenotype in a three‐generation family with a deletion of exon 48 of the DMD gene with clinically unaffected carrier males and females. We confirmed deep intronic breakpoints in this family by genome sequencing, but such data are not available for published cases. Therefore, further observations are needed to clarify genotype–phenotype correlation in this region, since few reports also describe predicted in‐frame copy number changes affecting this region in association with classical signs of dystrophinopathies.
Operando Spectroelectrochemistry Unravels the Mechanism of CO2 Electrocatalytic Reduction by an Fe Porphyrin
Authors: Salamé Aude , Hon Cheah Mun , Bonin Julien , Robert Marc , Anxolabéhère‐Mallart Elodie
Published: August 2024

Iron porphyrins are molecular catalysts recognized for their ability to electrochemically and photochemically reduce carbon dioxide (CO2). The main reduction product is carbon monoxide (CO). CO holds significant industrial importance as it serves as a precursor for various valuable chemical products containing either a single carbon atom (C1), like methanol or methane, or multiple carbon atoms (Cn), such as ethanol or ethylene. Despite the long‐established efficiency of these catalysts, optimizing their catalytic activity and stability and comprehending the intricate reaction mechanisms remain a significant challenge. This article presents a comprehensive investigation of the mechanistic aspects of the selective electroreduction of CO2 to CO using an iron porphyrin substituted with four trimethylammonium groups in the para position [(pTMA)FeIII−Cl]4+. By employing infrared and UV/Visible spectroelectrochemistry, changes in the electronic structure and coordination environment of the iron center can be observed in real‐time as the electrochemical potential is adjusted, offering new insights into the reaction mechanisms. Catalytic species were identified, and evidence of a secondary reaction pathway was uncovered, potentially prompting a re‐evaluation of the nature of the catalytically active species.
A novel intralamellar semi‐bioresorbable keratoprosthesis—Part B: Surface functionalization and physico‐chemical characterization toward site‐specific cellular activity
Authors: Sunka Krishna Chaitanya , Byram Prasanna Kumar , Paikkattil Nidhin , Roy Trina , Chakravorty Nishant , Chaudhuri Bhaskar Ray , Dhara Santanu
Published: August 2024

In this article, site‐specific functionalized keratoprosthesis (KPro) was accomplished to meet epithelial on‐growth on the anterior optical surface, inhibit cell adhesion on the posterior optic surface, and promote cell ingrowth at the peripheral tissue‐haptic‐flange interface toward tissue integration. Gelatin immobilization on PC4 hydrogel surfaces was achieved through acid hydrolysis followed by EDC/NHS chemistry, and polyethylene glycol‐diacrylate (PEGDA)‐modified inter‐penetrating network (IPN) surfaces were prepared using photo‐polymerization of ethylene glycol‐diacrylate (EGDA) for enhancing and inhibiting cellular growth, respectively. The surface chemical structures of modified hydrogels were characterized using attenuated total reflectance‐infrared (ATR‐IR) spectroscopy and a bicinchoninic acid (BCA) protein adsorption assay. Further, suitable differentially functionalized surfaces were prepared and characterized using the universal testing machine (UTM), refractometer, atomic force microscopy (AFM), and contact angle measurements to understand mechanical, optical, surface morphological, and wettability properties, respectively. Finally, in vitro site‐specific cell adhesion, cell inhibition, and cell ingrowth functionalities were tested using isolated goat corneal limbal epithelial stem cells and corneal stromal fibroblast cells, respectively. Overall, the two connective articles represent a successful endeavor to develop a more esthetically pleasing, mechanically stable, tissue‐free hydrogel KPro with site‐specific surface functionality nearly mimicking the cornea's functionality. A further pre‐clinical investigation is necessary to advance this functional novel KPro to reality, especially the tissue integration aspect.
Comparison of the TNM9th and 8th editions for localized and locally advanced anal squamous cell carcinoma treated nonsurgically and proposal of a new stage grouping system
Authors: Zheng Aihong , Wang Yiwen , Li Shuang , Wang Yingjie , Xu Hong'en , Ding Jieni , Chen Bingchen , Song Tao , Lai Lei
Published: August 2024

Objective

To compare the survival discrimination of the TNM9th and 8th editions for localized and locally advanced anal squamous cell carcinoma (ASCC) treated nonsurgically and suggest a simple revised staging system with data from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database.

Methods

Overall survival (OS) was the primary endpoint. Survival comparisons between the T and N stages and the different staging systems were performed using the Kaplan–Meier method and log‐rank test, followed by correlation analysis and variable importance analysis (VIA). Additionally, multivariate analysis was employed to identify significant predictors, which were further visualized using a nomogram. Finally, calibration curve, C‐index, and decision curve analysis (DCA) were applied to assess the performance of the different staging systems.

Results

A total of 5384 patients with ASCC were analyzed, revealing superior discrimination OS by the TNM9th edition compared to that by the TNM8th edition. Multivariate analysis identified the T and N stages as significant OS predictors (all p < 0.001). However, ambiguity persisted in stage III subgroups within the TNM9th edition, showing OS times of 102 months for stage IIIA disease, 88 months for stage IIIB disease, and 128 months for stage IIIC disease (all p > 0.05). Correlation analysis demonstrated an increased correlation for the T stage between the TNM8th and 9th editions (ρ value from 0.7 to 0.89), while the N stage correlation decreased (ρ value from 0.84 to 0.56). VIA and the prognostic nomogram highlighted the greater importance of the T stage over the N stage. Based on these findings, a new staging system was developed, and its clinical utility was confirmed through calibration curves, C‐index values (from 0.598 to 0.604), and DCAs.

Conclusions

Our new staging system exhibited slightly better prognostic value compared to the TNM9th staging systems for nonmetastatic ASCC and warrants further validation.
The role of DPYD and the effects of DPYD suppressor luteolin combined with 5‐FU in pancreatic cancer
Authors: Kato Hiroyuki , Sato Motonori , Naiki‐Ito Aya , Inaguma Shingo , Sano Makoto , Komura Masayuki , Nagayasu Yuko , Xiaochen Kuang , Kato Akihisa , Matsuo Yoichi , Ijichi Hideaki , Takahashi Satoru
Published: August 2024

Background

Despite advances in the treatment of cancer, pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) remains highly lethal due to the lack of effective therapies. Our previous study showed that Luteolin (Lut), a flavonoid, suppressed pancreatocarcinogenesis and reduced the expression of dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase (DPYD), an enzyme that degrades pyrimidines such as 5‐fluorouracil (5‐FU), in PDACs. In this study, we investigated the role of DPYD and evaluated the therapeutic potential of combining 5‐FU with Lut in PDACs.

Methods and Results

PDAC cells overexpressing DPYD showed increased proliferation, and invasiveness, adding to the resistance to 5‐FU. The xenograft tumors of DPYD‐overexpressing PDAC cells also exhibit enhanced growth and invasion compared to the control xenograft tumors. RNA‐seq analysis of the DPYD‐overexpressing PDAC xenograft tumors revealed an upregulation of genes associated with metallopeptidase activity—MMP9 and MEP1A. Furthermore, the overexpression of MEP1A in PDAC was associated with invasion. Next, we investigated the combined effects of Lut, a DPYD suppressor, and 5‐FU on DPYD‐overexpressing xenograft tumors and PDAC of Pdx1‐Cre; LSL‐KrasG12D/+; Trp53flox/flox(KPPC) mice. Neither single administration of 5‐FU nor Lut showed significant inhibitory effects; however, the combined administration of 5‐FU and Lut exhibited a significant tumor‐suppressive effect in both the xenograft tumors and KPPC models.

Conclusion

We have elucidated that DPYD expression contributes to proliferation, invasiveness, and 5‐FU resistance, in PDACs. The combination therapy of Lut and 5‐FU holds the potential for enhanced efficacy against PDACs.
The role of genetic variants in the prediction of hearing loss due to cisplatin chemoradiotherapy
Authors: Duinkerken Charlotte W. , Chiodo Sabrina , Hueniken Katrina , Hauptmann Michael , Jóźwiak Katarzyna , Cheng Dangxiao , Hope Andrew , Liu Geoffrey , Zuur Charlotte L.
Published: August 2024

Background

Concomitant high‐dose cisplatin with radiotherapy is commonly used for treating head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). Cisplatin, often used with radiotherapy, is known for causing irreversible sensorineural hearing loss, with individual variability suggesting a genetic component. This study aims to enhance the predictive ability of the clinical prediction model for cisplatin‐induced hearing loss (CIHL) in HNSCC patients, as outlined in Theunissen et al., by incorporating significant genetic variants.

Methods

Conducted at the Netherlands Cancer Institute, this retrospective study included 74 patients treated between 1997 and 2011. Thirty‐one SNPs that were previously associated with CIHL or other cisplatin‐induced toxicities were identified and incorporated into the model. The primary outcome measured was the change in decibels at posttreatment 1‐2‐4 kHz hearing levels per additional minor allele of these SNPs, evaluated using linear mixed‐effects regression models. The model's predictive accuracy was determined by the area under the curve (AUC) using 10‐fold cross‐validation.

Results

The rs2289669 SNP in the SLC47A1/MATE1 gene was linked to a significant 2.67 dB increase in hearing loss per allele (95% CI 0.49–4.86, p = 0.017). Incorporating rs2289669 improved the model's AUC from 0.78 to 0.83, a borderline significant improvement (p = 0.073).

Conclusions

This study underscores the importance of the rs2289669 SNP in CIHL and demonstrates the potential of combining genetic and clinical data for enhanced predictive models in personalized treatment strategies.
New Sulfonate Ester‐Linked Fluorinated Hydrazone Derivatives as Multitarget Carbonic Anhydrase and Cholinesterase Inhibitors: Design, Synthesis, Biological Evaluation, Molecular Docking and ADME Analysis
Authors: Akış Berna , Çakmak Reşit , Şentürk Murat
Published: August 2024

In this study, some new hydrazone derivatives (2a–g) was designed, synthesized for first time, and evaluated as multitarget inhibitors of AChE, BChE, hCA I and hCA II. The chemical structures of new hybrids were confirmed by elemental analysis and some spectroscopic techniques. All tested compounds showed low nanomolar inhibition with IC50 values of in the range of 30.4–264.0 nM against hCA I, 23.2–251.6 nM against hCA II, 12.1–114.3 nM against AChE, and 76.4–134.0 nM against BChE. These compounds inhibited hCA I and AChE more than acetazolamide (AZA) and neostigmine. Among them, compounds 2c and 2e, which have a linear structure, were determined to be the most active inhibitor candidates against these selected enzymes. Molecular docking studies were carried out on the compounds (2a‐‐g), revealing their binding interactions with the active site of AChE, BChE, hCA I and hCA II thus supporting the experimental findings. Additionally, in silico absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion (ADME) prediction studies of the obtained compounds (2a‐‐g) with in silico approaches were carried out to determine their solubility, whether they have the potential to cross the blood‐brain barrier (BBB), values such as GI absorption and drug likeness principles.
Expanding the Repertoire of ceDAF‐12 Ligands for Modulation of the Steroid Endocrine System in C. Elegans
Authors: Galilea Agustín , Santillán Vanessa J. , Acebedo Sofía L. , Virginia Dansey María , Álvarez Lautaro D. , Mazaira Gisela I. , Galigniana Mario D. , Castro Olga A. , Gola Gabriel F. , Ramírez Javier A.
Published: August 2024

Steroid hormones are essential for the biological processes of eukaryotic organisms. The steroid endocrine system of C. elegans, which includes dafachronic acids (DA) and the nuclear receptor ceDAF‐12, provides a simple model for exploring the role of steroid hormone signaling pathways in animals. In this study, we show for the first time the feasibility of designing synthetic steroids that can modulate different physiological processes, such as development, reproduction and ageing, in relation to ceDAF‐12. Our results not only confirm the conclusions derived from genetic studies linking these processes but also provide new chemical tools to selectively manipulate them, as we found that different compounds produce different phenotypic results. The structures of these compounds are much more diverse than those of endogenous hormones and analogues previously described by other researchers, allowing further development of the chemical modulation of the steroid endocrine system in C. elegans and related nematodes.
Approaching a patient with poststernal pain after eating: A case report
Authors: Feng Yanjun , Niu Yayan , Yan Jinyu , Wu Meiying , Tang Peijun
Published: August 2024

Key Clinical Message

This article reports a case of mediastinal lymph node tuberculosis with no obvious symptoms and a concealed focus. This patient, a 33‐year‐old male, suffered from pain behind the sternum after eating. He underwent three gastroscopic examinations and two fine needle punctures guided by ultrasound gastroscopy but was not diagnosed. Chest‐enhanced CT revealed a mediastinal mass compressing the adjacent esophagus, suggesting the possibility of enlarged lymph nodes. Furthermore, T cells from patients infected with tuberculosis tested positive. Ultrasound bronchoscopy revealed enlarged lymph nodes in area 7, and then EBUS‐TBNA was performed in that region. Only a few scattered lymphocytes and necrotic tissue were found under the biopsy microscope. The EBUS‐TBNA biopsy Xpert MTB/RIF showed low positive results, and the EBUS‐TBNA puncture fluid Xpert MTB/RIF was positive. Therefore, he was diagnosed with mediastinal lymph node tuberculosis. After antituberculosis treatment with the 2HREZ/10HRE regimen, the patient's pain behind the sternum gradually alleviated, and the enlarged mediastinal lymph nodes gradually narrowed.
Pulmonary Langerhans cell histiocytosis presenting as an uncommon mass in the lung: A rare case report and literature review
Authors: Zhang Tingxiu , Hu Sheng , Teng Yue , Li Zhiwei , Xiao Zhenliang , Ma Lijie
Published: August 2024

Key Clinical Message

A comprehensive diagnostic approach, including immunohistochemistry, is crucial for confirming pulmonary Langerhans cell histiocytosis in adults. Individualized treatment with dynamically adjusted chemotherapy based on therapeutic response leads to significant absorption of lesions and symptom alleviation. Regular follow‐up and timely treatment adjustments according to the patient's condition are essential in managing this rare disease.
A Perspective on Aldoximes as Platform Chemicals: Rethinking C−N Bond Formation
Authors: Wegener Hannes W. , Diekamp Justus , Seidensticker Thomas
Published: August 2024

Primary amines and nitriles play a central role in almost every branch of the chemical industry, and many synthetic strategies exist to obtain them. The major drawbacks of these existing approaches are low selectivities and highly toxic reagents like hydrogen cyanide. This article presents alternative catalytic routes based on aldoximes to address those challenges and outlines what needs to be done to implement aldoximes into a greener amine and nitrile production.
Consequences of the Pb−S Bond Formation for Lead Halide Perovskites
Authors: Wierzbowska Małgorzata , Wojtkowiak Kamil , Mikłas Alicja , Jezierska Aneta
Published: August 2024

Lead halide perovskites are structurally not stable due to their ionic bonds. Using sulfur agents in the crystal growth improves the stability and performance of the photovoltaic and light‐emitting devices. In this theoretical work, we use a small toy S‐radical in place of A cation in the bulk of lead iodide perovskite, and highlight the significance of the Pb−S covalent‐double‐bond formation for: the charge redistribution on the neighboring bonds that also turn to be covalent, phase transformation to a stable non‐perovskite structure, and superior optoelectronic properties. The chemical analysis was performed with the Quantum Theory of Atoms In Molecules (QTAIM) and Non‐Covalent Interactions (NCI) index. Excitonic properties were obtained from the solution of ab initio Bethe–Salpeter equation. Presence of the spin‐orbit coupling triggers an interplay between the Frenkel and charge‐transfer multiexcitons, switching between the photovoltaic and laser applications. Multiexcitons obey the exciton‐fission preconditions.
Gold Meets Selenium: Dual Activation of Selenium‐Containing Propargyl Alcohols Towards the Synthesis of 2H‐Chromenes and Mechanistic Insights
Authors: Lopes Eric F. , Dietl Martin C. , Ziegler Benjamin , Rudolph Matthias , Barcellos Thiago , Oeser Thomas , Lüdtke Diogo S. , Hashmi A. Stephen K.
Published: August 2024

Herein, we report the synthesis of seleno‐substituted chromenes from selenoalkynes and phenols. In this cascade reaction, the applied gold catalyst not only functions as a π‐acid, but also as a Lewis acid, enabling the propargylic substitution in the first step to connect the oxygen carbon bond. Under the optimal reaction condition a total of 26 chromenes were accessible by this modular access. During scale up experiments, the hydrolysis of the vinylselenium substructure to the corresponding chromenones was observed. By revisiting the electron‐rich starting materials, four chromenones were produced following a one‐pot reaction using a single gold catalyst. To better understand the interaction of gold and selenium, a series of nuclear magnetic resonance studies and high‐resolution mass spectrometry studies were performed, which led to the proposal of a mechanism for this transformation.
Bereaved parent preferences on quality end‐of‐life care for children with cancer in the South
Authors: Martinez Isaac , Currie Erin , Davis Elizabeth S. , Kumar Rohail , Lawhon Valerie , Snaman Jennifer M. , Tefera Raba B. , Bhatia Smita , Rosenberg Abby R. , Johnston Emily E.
Published: August 2024

Purpose

The authors sought to understand bereaved family preferences for end‐of‐life (EOL) care, particularly among Black families and those in the South.

Methods

Semi‐structured interviews were conducted with parents of children who died of cancer ≥6 months before at Children’s of Alabama. Themes were identified via content analysis. Quotes related to medical intensity, chemotherapy, and location of death (LOD) were scored on 5‐point Likert scales, ranging from 1 (comfort care, chemotherapy, or home death) to 5 (medically intense care, avoidance of chemotherapy, or hospital death).

Results

Twenty‐seven bereaved parents (12 Black) were interviewed. Children died at a mean of 13.1 years (SD = 6.1 years) and a median of 3 years before the interview (range = 1–12 years). Ten children (42%) had central nervous system tumors and the majority (63%) died in the hospital. Family decision‐making involved maintaining hope, not causing harm, doing what was best for their child and themselves, and religious beliefs. There was no clear preference for home versus hospital death (3.0 [1.8–4.0]). Instead, parents considered their child’s desires and/or medical needs, siblings, and prior experiences with death. To have a comfortable death, parents highlighted the need for comprehensive education about their child’s EOL, a caring and comfortable environment, and 24/7 access to their care team. Families expressed a dual preference for comfort care (1.8 [1.3–2.8]) and chemotherapy (3.5 [2.7–4.1]) at EOL.

Conclusions

Families did not see chemotherapy and comfort care as conflicting goals. They sought quality care emphasizing flexibility, quality time with their child, and open access to their care team, regardless of LOD.
AICyte‐alone capabilities as an independent screener for triaging cervical cytology using a 50% negative cutoff value
Authors: Zeng Xianxu , Starr David , Li Juan , Bi Xuejie , Wang Chun , Bai Xinru , Yin Yanxue , Wu Xue , Wei Jingjing , Du Hui , Dai Wenkui , Li Changzhong , Wu Xiangchen , Wu Ruifang , Zhao Chengquan
Published: August 2024

Background

AICyte has previously demonstrated a potential role in cervical cytology screening for reducing the workload by using a 50% negative cutoff value. The aim of the current study is to evaluate this hypothesis.

Methods

The authors used the Ruiqian WSI‐2400 (with the registered trademark AICyte) to evaluate a collection of 163,848 original cervical cytology cases from 2018 to 2023 that were collected from four different hospital systems in China. A breakdown of cases included 46,060 from Shenzhen, 67,472 from Zhengzhou, 25,667 from Shijiazhuang, and 24,649 from Jinan. These collected cases were evaluated using the AICyte system, and the data collected were statistically compared with the original interpretative results.

Results

In 98.80% of all artificial intelligence cases that were designated as not needing further review, the corresponding original diagnosis was also determined to be negative. For any cases that were designated atypical squamous cells, cannot exclude high‐grade squamous intraepithelial lesion or higher, the sensitivity and negative predictive value were 90.77% and 98.80%, respectively. The sensitivity and negative predictive value were greater in cases designated as low‐grade squamous intraepithelial lesion or higher at 98.92% and 99.94%, respectively. Of the 49 low‐grade squamous intraepithelial lesion or higher that were designed by AICyte as not needing further review, the cytohistologic correlation revealed eight cases of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia 1 and 18 negative cases; and the remaining cases were without histologic follow‐up. In practice, AICyte used at a 50% negative cutoff value could reduce the anticipated workload if a protocol were implemented to label cases that qualified within the negative cutoff value as not needing further review, thereby finalizing the case as negative for intraepithelial lesions and malignancy.

Conclusions

For pathologic practices that do not have cytotechnologists or in which the workflow is sought to be optimized, the artificial intelligence system AICyte alone to be an independent screening tool by using a 50% negative cutoff value, which is a potential assistive method for cervical cancer screening.
Exploring the Impact of Ni Doping in Tuning the Bandgap, Electronic, Optoelectronic and Photocatalytic Properties of ZnFe2O4
Authors: Chatterjee Karabi , Gorai Anupam , Hait Swarnali , Maity Subrata , Baskey Sen Moni , Dutta Arpita , Nag Riya , Bera Abhijit , Sarkar Sanjit , Saha Sudip K. , Jahid Akhtar Abu
Published: August 2024

The exploration of semiconductor nanostructures utilizing mixed metal materials is an emerging area of study across fields including field‐effect transistors, chemical sensors, photodetectors, photocatalysts, and many more. In this study, Schottky diodes based on ZnFe2O4 (ZFO) were constructed with an aim to tune their electronic and optoelectronic characteristics. Here, Ni doping facilitated the tuning of electronic properties, leading to a significant increase in the rectification ratio from 238 to 1172, along with a reduction in the potential barrier height from 0.67 V to 0.65 V. This is attributed to Ni's role as a charge carrier in ZFO, enhancing carrier concentration, confirmed by Mott‐Schottky analysis. The 5 mol % Ni‐doped ZFO also exhibited remarkable light sensitivity, with its rectification ratio surging to 1795 under illumination, four times that of the undoped version. Additionally, its photo‐sensitivity soared to 42.46 %, nearly quadrupling the undoped device's performance, and its power gain impressively climbed to 38.4 %, which is over twelvefold the undoped sample's output. Furthermore, the diode responds strongly to optical illumination, making this structure suitable for use as a photodiode or photosensor. Apart from that by employing a doping strategy, we achieved 64.61 % degradation of methylene blue dye under visible light in 120 minutes, compared to 36.85 % for the undoped sample. These indicate that hydrothermally synthesized Ni‐doped ZFO is promising for visible light‐driven multifunctional applications.
Pharmacokinetics and Safety of Linezolid Tablets of 2 Different Manufacturers in Healthy Chinese Subjects in Fasting and Fed States
Authors: Chen Hanjing , Xu Hongrong , Yuan Fei , Li Hui , Sheng Lei , Liu Chao , Chen Weili , Li Xuening
Published: August 2024

This study aimed to evaluate the pharmacokinetics (PKs) and safety of a generic drug, linezolid, compared to those of a reference drug in healthy Chinese subjects under both fasting and fed conditions. This was a randomized, open‐label, 2‐period, 2‐sequence crossover study. The subjects received a single dose of the test or reference drug, linezolid (600 mg), in each period. The PK parameters were calculated using a non‐compartmental method and compared between the 2 drugs. Bioequivalence was analyzed using geometric mean ratios (GMRs) of the 2 formulations and their corresponding 90% confidence intervals (CIs). The safety of the 2 formulations was assessed under both fasting and fed conditions. Forty‐eight subjects completed the study, 24 each in the fasting and feeding groups. The average plasma concentration‐time patterns of linezolid were similar for both medications under both conditions. The GMR and 90% CIs of the maximum plasma concentration and the area under the plasma concentration‐time curve of linezolid were ranged from 0.80 to 1.25. Both drugs were well tolerated with a similar incidence of adverse drug reactions. In conclusion, the PK and safety profiles of the 2 formulations were comparable. Food intake did not influence the PK profiles of linezolid. These results suggest that the test drug can be used as an alternative to reference drugs.
High‐frequency digitally adaptive pulse skipping modulated voltage‐mode controlled quadratic buck converter
Authors: Kumar Gupta Vijay , Chandra Mandi Bipin
Published: August 2024

The quadratic buck converter is renowned for its steep step‐down capability. It encounters increased losses due to its high component count. In scenarios with light loads, switching losses become the dominant factor. Additionally, the presence of two right‐half plane zeros impairs transient response, even at high‐frequency switching operations. Incorporating this converter into the digital domain introduces an undesired phenomenon known as subharmonic oscillation, rendering the system unstable, albeit potentially mitigated over time—a drawback particularly undesirable for converters tasked with rapid load dynamics. This paper introduces an adaptive pulse skipping modulation scheme to control metal–oxide–semiconductor field‐effect transistor (MOSFET) switching actions, enhancing overall efficiency in discontinuous conduction mode. Furthermore, the effects of right half‐plane (RHP) zeros on stability are analyzed within these switching schemes. The proposed scheme is integrated with voltage‐mode control. Simulation and theoretical analyses are conducted to validate this converter. A flat efficiency of 89%to 86%for the load range of 25 to 700 mA is obtained, outperforming other existing schemes. The results demonstrate that the adaptive pulse modulation scheme effectively improves efficiency and stability in discontinuous conduction mode converters. This research provides valuable insights for optimizing power electronics systems with varying load dynamics.
Calibration on timing skew mismatch of time‐interleaved ADC based on optimized adaptive genetic algorithm back‐propagation neural network
Authors: Liu Cheng , Zhao Jiaqing , Zhang Yang , Xi Zhennan , Deng Jiawei , Luo Xiangdong
Published: August 2024

Aiming to address the timing skew mismatch in the time‐interleaved analog‐to‐digital converter (TIADC) system, this paper presents a timing skew mismatch calibration method based on a back propagation (BP) neural network optimized by an adaptive genetic algorithm (AGA). In this paper, a trained BP neural network is used to detect the timing skew mismatch in the TIADC system, and the variable delay line is used to calibrate it. In this paper, AGA is used to optimize the BP neural network, accelerating its training speed and improving the detection accuracy of timing skew mismatch in the system. The proposed approach boasts superior detection speed and accuracy compared to other methods. In this paper, an 18‐bit 1GS/S 4‐channel TIADC system is simulated and the timing skew mismatch in the system is corrected. Simulation results show that the proposed calibration method has fast detection speed, high detection accuracy, and calibration accuracy. After completing the timing skew mismatch correction, the performance of the TIADC system is dramatically improved. The effective number of bits (ENOB) of the system increases by 9.5 bits, and the spurious‐free dynamic range (SFDR) increases by 59.9 dB.
Clinical profile, associated events and safety of vericiguat in a real‐world cohort: The VERITA study
Authors: Galván Ruiz Mario , Fernández de Sanmamed Girón Miguel , del Val Groba Marco María , Rojo Jorge Lorena , Peña Saavedra Claudia , Martín Bou Elvira , Andrade Guerra Rubén , Caballero Dorta Eduardo , García Quintana Antonio
Published: August 2024

Aims

The aim of this study was to determine the clinical profile, associated events and safety of vericiguat in a real‐world cohort of patients with heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF).

Methods

This study is a prospective and observational cohort study of patients with HFrEF and recent HF worsening episodes requiring intravenous therapy who initiated vericiguat in an HF outpatient clinic. A subanalysis of patients with ≥6 months' follow‐up was performed separately.

Results

Out of 103 patients initially included, 52 had a follow‐up of at least 6 months (median follow‐up of 303 days). At baseline, the mean age was 71.3 ± 9.4 years, 27.2% were women, the median left ventricular ejection fraction was 34% (28%–39%) and 99% were taking beta‐blockers, 96.1% sodium‐glucose cotransporter‐2 (SGLT2) inhibitors, 95.1% sacubitril–valsartan, 90.3% aldosterone antagonists and 93.2% loop diuretics. During follow‐up, New York Heart Association (NYHA) functional class improved (from 67.3% and 32.7% in classes III and II, respectively, to 22.4% and 75.5% at study end; P < 0.001), as did the EuroQol‐5D (EQ‐5D) and visual analogue scale (VAS) scores (from 0.83 ± 0.13 to 0.87 ± 0.12, P = 0.032, and from 60 to 79, P = 0.005, respectively). Vericiguat was well tolerated (13.5% had symptomatic hypotension, and 11.5% had discontinued treatment), and 78.8% of patients achieved the target dose of 10 mg. The number of HF‐related hospitalizations/decompensations within the previous 12 months was 2.3 ± 1.4 and decreased with vericiguat to 0.79 ± 1.14 (P < 0.001). At study end, 7.7% died (50% for HF).

Conclusions

In clinical practice, treatment with vericiguat is associated with substantial improvements in functional class and quality of life and a reduction in hospitalizations for HF, with a low risk of adverse effects.
Effect of Pistacia atlantica kernel oil on the quality characteristics of mayonnaise during the storage period
Authors: Norouzzadeh Sara , Ghasemzadeh Milad , Akhavan Hamid‐Reza , Adhami Khavar
Published: August 2024

Mayonnaise is an oil‐in‐water emulsion with 65–85% oil, and its physicochemical and sensory characteristics are greatly influenced by the type of oil used. The nutritional value and oxidation resistance of Pistacia atlantica oil (PAO) are very desirable due to the essential fatty acids (oleic and linoleic) and antioxidant compounds (phenolics and tocopherols). In this research, the physicochemical and sensory characteristics of mayonnaise sauce (MNS) with different levels of PAO (15% (MNS‐PAO15%), 30% (MNS‐PAO30%), and 100% (MNS‐PAO), as a substitute for soybean oil (SBO)) were compared with sauces containing SBO with antioxidants (MNS‐SBOA) or without antioxidants (MNS‐SBO) during storage for 30 days at 25°C. The results showed that MNS‐PAO and MNS‐SBO exhibited the lowest physical and thermal stability. The MNS‐PAO had the lowest values in peroxide (2.18 meq/kg oil) and thiobarbituric acid (0.21 mg MDA/kg oil) at the end of the storage period. Increasing the PAO level in the mayonnaise formula increased the b* value, but a decreasing trend of b* in these samples was observed during the storage period. The panelists gave the lowest sensory score to the MNS‐PAO sample, but they did not consider a significant difference between the samples containing SBO and the sample containing 15% PAO in terms of color, aroma, and overall acceptance. In general, mayonnaise containing 15% PAO was suggested as a desirable sauce in terms of emulsion and oxidation stability and sensory characteristics.
Risk of bleeding after abdominal paracentesis in patients with chronic liver disease and coagulopathy: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Tan Jin Lin , Lokan Thomas , Chinnaratha Mohamed Asif , Veysey Martin
Published: August 2024

Abdominal paracentesis is a common procedure performed for both diagnostic and therapeutic purposes in patients with chronic liver disease and ascites. This review aims to provide an overview of the current evidence on the risk of bleeding associated with abdominal paracentesis. Electronic search was performed using PubMed, MEDLINE, and Ovid EMBASE from inception to 29 October 2023. Studies were included if they examined the risk of bleeding post‐abdominal paracentesis or the efficacy of interventions to reduce bleeding in patients with chronic liver disease. Random‐effects model was used to calculate the pooled proportions of bleeding events following abdominal paracentesis. Heterogeneity was determined by I2, τ2 statistics, and P‐value. Eight studies were included for review. Six studies reported incident events of post‐abdominal paracentesis bleeding. Pooled proportion of bleeding events following abdominal paracentesis was 0.32% (95% CI: 0.15–0.69%). The mean values for pre‐procedural INR and platelet count of patients in these studies ranged between 1.4 and 2.0, and 50 and 153 × 109/L, respectively. The highest recorded INR was 8.7, and the lowest platelet count was 19 × 109/L. Major bleeding after abdominal paracentesis occurred in 0–0.97% of the study cohorts. Two studies demonstrated that the use of thromboelastography (TEG) before paracentesis in patients with chronic liver disease identified those at risk of procedure‐related bleeding and reduced transfusion requirements. The overall risk of major bleeding after abdominal paracentesis is low in patients with chronic liver disease and coagulopathy. TEG may be used to predict bleeding risk and guide transfusion requirements.
Occupational post‐exposure prophylaxis among healthcare workers: a scoping review of factors affecting optimal utilization
Authors: Auerbach Judith D. , Malone Siobhan , Forsyth Andrew D.
Published: August 2024

Introduction

Post‐exposure prophylaxis (PEP) is an efficacious prevention method when initiated promptly after an HIV exposure. Yet, PEP has been underutilized, even among healthcare workers (HCWs) with occupational exposure in sites with PEP policies and procedures and access to PEP medications. It is important to understand the dynamics of uneven PEP use in what appears to be an optimal context to better protect the health and wellbeing of HCWs.

Methods

We conducted a scoping review to elucidate factors influencing HCWs’ use of PEP after occupational exposure. We searched PubMed, PsychInfo and Google Scholar for peer‐reviewed literature published in English from 2014 to 2022 using the terms HIV, postexposure/post‐exposure prophylaxis, acceptability, healthcare workers, and values and preferences. An inductive narrative review of the resulting 53 studies identified core themes.

Results

Nearly all studies (96%) with various HCW types and settings occurred in low‐ and middle‐income countries (LMICs) in Africa and Asia. Identified themes arrayed along a trajectory of PEP use experience: awareness/knowledge; acceptability; availability/access; uptake/use; adherence/completion. Across studies, awareness of PEP for HIV prevention was high, knowledge about drug regimens and healthcare facility policies was moderate to low; acceptability of PEP was moderate to high; PEP's perceived accessibility/availability was inconsistent and varied by geographic location and setting; HCWs’ uptake of PEP was low, affected by not knowing how to report an exposure and being unaware of PEP availability; and adherence/completion of PEP regimens was moderate to low, impeded by side effects and a belief that completing regimens was unnecessary to avert seroconversion. HCWs consistently expressed concern about HIV stigma.

Discussion

Findings are limited by the inconsistent use of constructs across studies and a lack of clarity about reporting exposure events. Multi‐level approaches are needed to address the interplay of individual, social and structural barriers that diminish HCWs’ PEP use. Improved training, incident reporting, 24‐hour access to non‐stigmatizing PEP services and monitoring of adherence/completion are essential to optimizing HCWs’ PEP use.

Conclusions

Lessons from HCWs’ experience in LMICs may inform understanding of PEP under‐use among people in these settings with non‐occupational exposures.
African American male counseling students’ lived experiences with counseling faculty
Authors: Brown Joel J. , Guth Lorraine J. , Ford David Julius
Published: August 2024

Racism and its effects adversely affect the experiences of Black males within higher education. Despite efforts to address racial and gender gaps, Black males remain grossly underrepresented within counselor training programs. They report feeling isolated and experience relational challenges. In this phenomenological study of 10 African American male counseling students’ interactions with counseling faculty, several themes related to their racial identity surfaced from the data. Implications for counselor educators and counselor education programs are offered.
Neuroprotective effect of long‐term resistance physical exercise against memory damage elicited by a lipopolysaccharide‐induced neuroinflammation model in male rats
Authors: Miron Vanessa Valéria , Assmann Charles Elias , Mostardeiro Vitor Bastianello , da Silveira Marcylene Vieira , Copetti Priscila Marquezan , Bissacotti Bianca Fagan , Schirmann Adriel Antonio , Castro Milagros Fanny Vera , Gutierres Jessié Martins , da Cruz Fernandes Marilda , Viero Fernanda Tibolla , Morsch Vera Maria , Schetinger Maria Rosa Chitolina , Cardoso Andréia Machado
Published: August 2024

Resistance exercise training (RET) is considered an excellent tool for preventing diseases with an inflammatory background. Its neuroprotective, antioxidant, and anti‐inflammatory properties are responsible for positively modulating cholinergic and oxidative systems, promoting neurogenesis, and improving memory. However, the mechanisms behind these actions are largely unknown. In order to investigate the pathways related to these effects of exercise, we conducted a 12‐week long‐term exercise training protocol and used lipopolysaccharide (LPS) to induce damage to the cortex and hippocampus of male Wistar rats. The cholinergic system, oxidative stress, and histochemical parameters were analyzed in the cerebral cortex and hippocampus, and memory tests were also performed. It was observed that LPS: (1) caused memory loss in the novel object recognition (NOR) test; (2) increased the activity of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and Iba1 protein density; (3) reduced the protein density of brain‐derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M1 (CHRM1); (4) elevated the levels of lipid peroxidation (TBARS) and reactive species (RS); and (5) caused inflammatory damage to the dentate gyrus. RET, on the other hand, was able to prevent all alterations induced by LPS, as well as increase per se the protein density of the alpha‐7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChRα7) and Nestin, and the levels of protein thiols (T‐SH). Overall, our study elucidates some mechanisms that support resistance physical exercise as a valuable approach against LPS‐induced neuroinflammation and memory loss.