bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Passive Unilateral Cross-ownership and Strategic Trade Policy
Authors: Fanti Luciano , Buccella Domenico
Published: May 2016

In a Cournot duopoly model in which exporters compete in a third market, this paper revisits the classical issue (dating back to the pioneering work of Brander and Spencer, Export Subsidies and International Market Share Rivalry, 1985) of the strategic trade policy choice in the presence of the passive participation of one firm in the rival. Passive cross-ownership dramatically alters the participating and participated firms’ governments’ choice to apply the strategic trade policy instrument, the equilibria typology and their efficiency properties. In fact, if the share of cross-ownership is sufficiently large, the participated firm’s government finds optimal to tax export. Moreover, beyond an adequately high threshold, cross-ownership modifies the equilibrium from the activist regime for both countries to an asymmetric regime in which only the participating firm’s government intervenes. In addition, in the case of the traditional common activist regime equilibrium, the classical prisoner’s dilemma game structure may disappear.
Characterization of submicron aerosols influenced by biomass burning at a site in the Sichuan Basin, southwestern China
Authors: Hu Wei , Hu Min , Hu Weiwei , Niu Hongya , Zheng Jing , Wu Yusheng , Chen Wentai , Chen Chen , Li Lingyu , Shao Min , Xie Shaodong , Zhang Yuanhang
Published: May 2016

Abstract. Severe air pollution caused by large amount of pollutants and adverse synoptic processes appears often in Asia. However, limited studies on aerosols have been conducted under high emission intensity, and unique geographical and meteorological conditions. In this study, an Aerodyne high resolution time-of-flight aerosol mass spectrometry (HR-ToF-AMS) and other state-of-the-art instruments were utilized at a suburban site, Ziyang, in the Sichuan Basin during December 2012 to January 2013. The chemical compositions of atmospheric submicron aerosols (PM1) were determined, the sources of organic aerosols (OA) were apportioned, and the aerosol secondary formation and aging process were explored as well. Due to high humidity and static air, PM1 was maintained at a relatively stable level during the whole campaign, with the mean concentration of 59.7 ± 24.1 μg m−3. OA was the most abundant component (36 %) in PM1, characterized by a relatively high oxidation state. Positive matrix factorization analysis was applied to the high resolution organic mass spectral matrix, which deconvolved OA mass spectra into four factors: low volatility (LV-OOA) and semi-volatile oxygenated OA (SV-OOA), biomass burning (BBOA) and hydrocarbon-like OA (HOA). OOA (sum of LV-OOA and SV-OOA) dominated OA as high as 71 %. In total, secondary inorganic and organic formation contributed 76 % of PM. Secondary inorganic species correlated well with relative humidity (RH), indicating the humid air can favor the formation of secondary inorganic aerosols. With the increase of photochemical age, OA became more aged with higher oxidation state, and secondary organic aerosol formation contributed more significantly to OA. The slope of OOA against Ox (= O3 + NO2) steepened with the increase of RH, implying that besides the photochemical transformation, the aqueous-phase oxidation was also an important pathway of the OOA formation. Primary emissions, especially biomass burning, resulted in high concentration and proportion of black carbon (BC) in PM1. During the episode obviously influenced by primary emissions, the contributions of BBOA to OA (26 %) and PM1 (11 %) were much higher than those (10–17 %, 4–7 %) in the clean and other polluted episodes, highlighting the significant influence of biomass burning.
The Influence of Temperature on Ozone Production under varying NOx Conditions – a modelling study
Authors: Coates J. , Mar K. , Ojha N. , Butler T.
Published: May 2016

Abstract. Surface ozone is a secondary air pollutant produced during the atmospheric photochemical degradation of emitted volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in the presence of sunlight and nitrogen oxides (NOx). Temperature directly influences ozone production through speeding up the rates of the chemical reactions and increasing the emissions of VOCs, such as isoprene, from vegetation. In this study, we used a box model to examine the non-linear relationship between ozone, NOx and temperature, and compared this to previous observational studies. Under high-NOx conditions, an increase in ozone from 20 to 40 °C of up to 20 ppbv was due to faster reaction rates while increased isoprene emissions added up to a further 11 ppbv of ozone. The increased oxidation rate of emitted VOC with temperature controlled the rate of Ox production, the net influence of peroxy nitrates increased net Ox production per molecule of emitted VOC oxidised. The rate of increase in ozone mixing ratios with temperature from our box model simulations was about half the rate of increase in ozone with temperature observed over central Europe or simulated by a regional chemistry transport model. Modifying the box model setup to approximate stagnant meteorological conditions increased the rate of increase of ozone with temperature as the accumulation of oxidants enhanced ozone production through the increased production of peroxy radicals from the secondary degradation of emitted VOCs. The box model simulations approximating stagnant conditions and the maximal ozone production chemical regime reproduced the 2 ppbv increase in ozone per °C from the observational and regional model data over central Europe. The simulated ozone-temperature relationship was more sensitive to mixing than the choice of chemical mechanism. Our analysis suggests that reductions in NOx emissions would be required to offset the additional ozone production due to an increase in temperature in the future.
Use of remote-sensing reflectance to constrain a data assimilating marine biogeochemical model of the Great Barrier Reef
Authors: Jones Emlyn M. , Baird Mark E. , Mongin Mathieu , Parslow John , Skerratt Jenny , Margvelashvili Nugzar , Matear Richard J. , Wild-Allen Karen , Robson Barbara , Rizwi Farhan , Oke Peter , King Edward , Schroeder Thomas , Steven Andy , Taylor John
Published: May 2016

Abstract. Skilful marine biogeochemical (BGC) models are required to understand a range of coastal and global phenomena such as changes in nitrogen and carbon cycles. The refinement of BGC models through the assimilation of variables calculated from observed in-water inherent optical properties (IOPs), such as phytoplankton absorption, is problematic. Empirically-derived relationships between IOPs and variables such as Chlorophyll-a concentration (Chl-a), Total Suspended Solids (TSS) and Color Dissolved Organic Matter (CDOM) have been shown to have errors that can exceed 100 % of the observed quantity. These errors are greatest in shallow coastal regions, such as the Great Barrier Reef (GBR), due the additional signal from bottom reflectance. Rather than assimilate quantities calculated using error-prone IOP algorithms, this study demonstrates the advantages of assimilating quantities calculated directly from the less error-prone satellite remote-sensing reflectance. The assimilation of a directly-observed quantity, in this case remote-sensing reflectance, is analogous to the assimilation of temperature brightness in Numerical Weather Prediction (NWP), or along-track sea-surface height in hydrodynamic models. To assimilate the observed reflectance, we use an in-water optical model to produce an equivalent simulated remote-sensing reflectance, and calculate the mis-match between the observed and simulated quantities to constrain the BGC model with a Deterministic Ensemble Kalman Filter (DEnKF). Using the assumption that simulated surface Chl-a is equivalent to remotely-sensed OC3M estimate of Chl-a resulted in a forecast error of approximately 75 %. Alternatively, assimilation of remote-sensing reflectance resulted in a forecast error of less than 40 %. Thus, in the coastal waters of the GBR, assimilating remote-sensing reflectance halved the forecast errors. When the analysis and forecast fields from the assimilation system are compared with the non-assimilating model, an independent comparison to in-situ observations of Chl-a, TSS, and dissolved inorganic nutrients (NO3, NH4 and DIP) show that errors are reduced by up to 90 %. In all cases, the assimilation system improves the result compared to the non-assimilating model. This approach allows for the incorporation of vast quantities of remote-sensing observations that have in the past been discarded due to shallow water and/or artefacts introduced by terrestrially-derived TSS and CDOM, or the lack of a calibrated regional IOP algorithm.
An Approach to Computing Discrete Adjoints for MPI-Parallelized Models Applied to the Ice Sheet System Model
Authors: Larour Eric , Utke Jean , Bovin Anton , Morlighem Mathieu , Perez Gilberto
Published: May 2016

Abstract. Within the framework of sea-level rise projections, there is a strong need for hindcast validation of the evolution of polar ice sheets in a way that tightly matches observational records (from radar and altimetry observations mainly). However, the computational requirements for making hindcast reconstructions possible are severe and rely mainly on the evaluation of the adjoint state of transient ice-flow models. Here, we look at the computation of adjoints in the context of the NASA/JPL/UCI Ice Sheet System Model, written in C++ and designed for parallel execution with MPI. We present the adaptations required in the way the software is designed and written but also generic adaptations in the tools facilitating the adjoint computations. We concentrate on the use of operator overloading coupled with the AdjoinableMPI library to achieve the adjoint computation of ISSM. We present a comprehensive approach to 1) carry out type changing through ISSM, hence facilitating operator overloading, 2) bind to external solvers such as MUMPS and GSL-LU and 3) handle MPI-based parallelism to scale the capability. We demonstrate the success of the approach by computing sensitivities of hindcast metrics such as the misfit to observed records of surface altimetry on the North-East Greenland Ice Stream, or the misfit to observed records of surface velocities on Upernavik Glacier, Central West Greenland. We also provide metrics for the scalability of the approach, and the expected performance. This approach has the potential of enabling a new generation of hindcast-validated projections that make full use of the wealth of datasets currently being collected, or already collected in Greenland and Antarctica, such as surface altimetry, surface velocities, and/or gravity measurements.
Application of runoff coefficient and rainfall-intensity-ratio to analyze the relationship between storm patterns and flood responses
Authors: Kim Nam Won , Shin Mun-Ju , Lee Jeong Eun
Published: May 2016

Abstract. The analysis of the effects of storms on floods is essential for designing hydraulic structures and flood plains. Observations of the flow time series for the various catchment sizes are needed to understand the effects on floods, but it is not easy to obtain these datasets because most stream channels are ungauged. Hence, a reasonable method for generating the flow time series for the ungauged catchments is needed to secure the datasets. A quantitative analysis for investigating the relationship between the natural storm patterns, the peak flows, the volumes of floods, and their durations for the various catchment sizes is also needed. This study suggests a method to investigate quantitatively the relationship between storms and floods using datasets generated for the ungauged catchments. The relationship between the runoff coefficients and the rainfall-intensity-ratios with respect to catchment sizes for the dependent catchments showed that the events can be separated into four physically reasonable types using the pattern of storms and flood responses. This indicates that the relationship between the pattern of storms and flood responses for any event in terms of dependent catchments can be analyzed using plots of runoff coefficients and rainfall-intensity-ratios versus the catchment size. There are correlations between the runoff coefficients and the rainfall-intensity-ratios for the independent catchments, but these correlations have no relationship with the four types of events from the dependent catchments.
Forum Non Conveniens as a Jurisdictional Doctrine
Authors: Grossi Simona
Published: May 2016

None
The Hermeneutics of Speaking What Linguistic Competence Consists of
Authors: Martinez del Castillo Jesus
Published: May 2016

Linguistic competence consists in the activity of speaking involving four dimensions: activity, knowledge (the competence to speak), the implicit valuation of the activity performed, and the creation of contents and forms in order for speakers to express and make themselves understood. Since speaking has three levels, speaking in general, speaking a particular language and speaking individually, it is necessary to find out the different types of competence relating to the three levels referred to.
Evaluación de los parámetros físicos y químicos de las briquetas obtenidas con la maquina briquetadora construida en FAREMEstelí
Authors: López Rivera Juan David , Cajina Valdivia Carlos Eduardo , Ramírez Camas Jorge Ulises , Reyes Aguilera Edwin Antonio , Olivas Reyes Noe Rodoolfo , Molina Cruz Lidamar De los Ángeles
Published: May 2016

El propósito fundamental de esta investigación es evaluar los parámetros físicos y químicos de las briquetas elaboradas en Farem-Estelí. Es una investigación cuantitativa según su enfoque, con un nivel de profundidad según su tipología: exploratoria, descriptiva. Se elaboraron siete briquetas de diferentes sustratos forestales. Los instrumentos utilizados fueron: La evaluación de eficiencia que se determinó mediante la prueba de ebullición de agua (WBT por sus siglas en inglés) versión 4.2.2., se midieron las emisiones de monóxido de carbono (CO) y se calculó el poder calorífico de los diferentes tipos de briquetas. Los resultados obtenidos muestran que estas briquetas emiten menos emisiones de gases contaminantes al ambiente que la leña, la eficiencia térmica fue de aproximadamente un 92% en tres de las briquetas evaluadas, la leña obtuvo una eficiencia entre 45 y 63%. Se concluye que la elaboración de las briquetas fue exitosa con una excelente compactación, la briqueta de Granza 50% + Aserrín fino 25% + Papel 12.5% + flor de pino 12.5% es la mejor opción según la evaluación siendo esta la que emite menores cantidades de CO que son casi nulas obteniendo una eficiencia térmica de 92% puesto que su consumo especifico es bajo con tan solo 143 gramos por litro de agua.
Focusing on Speech Acts to Understand and Teach Pragmatics in Language Instruction
Authors: Gómez Marjorie N.
Published: May 2016

Pragmatics is considered to be an important aspect of language instruction. Today, scholars in language instruction recognize that learners must develop linguistic as well as pragmatic competence. Pragmatic competence helps learners understand, employ, and interpret language in context. However, pragmatics is regarded as one of the most strenuous aspects of language teaching and learning. Studies in pragmatics still seek to respond to the question about the teachability of targeted pragmatic features, which opens the question about whether pragmatics can be taught effectively. Can pragmatics be fully taught or must educators focus on key features of pragmatics such as speech acts, which is perhaps currently the most important established part of the subject? Certainly pragmatics and language teaching should accompany each other. However, in order to assist and assess learners in the appropriate use of language in context, language teachers today must receive some explicit instruction about pragmatics themselves. They need to be acquainted with the resources available to teach pragmatic norms. Speech acts, as part of pragmatics, can help teachers orient their instruction on developing a general awareness of how language forms are used in context. Speech acts provide a framework on which teachers can build learning opportunities for L2 pragmatic development. Speech acts can greatly support students´ development of pragmatic competence. Focusing on speech acts to teach pragmatics seems to be the answer today in language instruction; at least until new classroom research arise to help teachers find resources and materials of pragmatic features and norms.
Desarrollo de una tecnología del procesamiento de frijol en polvo deshidratadoq
Authors: Espinoza Vanegas Walter Lenin
Published: May 2016

Esta investigación desarrolla una tecnología para el procesamiento de frijol en polvo deshidratado. Esta investigación tiene un enfoque mixto, cuali-cuantitativa. Se aplicó una encuesta que abarca aptitudes de aceptación, preferencia en presentaciones del producto, frecuencia de compra, el consumidor, aspectos demográficos y competencia. Se realizó un análisis univariado de las cinco repeticiones del flujo de proceso obtenido en fase 3, para evaluar el balance de masa del prototipo, en los distintos pasos del flujo de proceso final: remojo, cocción, molido, deshidratado, molienda seca, prototipo final. Los principales resultados muestran que el rendimiento de frijol crudo hasta el producto final deshidratado es de 40.72% y al rehidratar aumenta al 181%, demostrando que no hay perdida del producto al aplicar la tecnología de deshidratación. La investigación expone la aceptación del producto en el mercado, el 90% de las personas encuestadas estar dispuesta a consumir frijoles deshidratados. Del 90% de interesados, un 60% comprarían el producto ocasionalmente y el 40% frecuentemente. El 80% de los encuestados gustaron del sabor de los frijoles, el 15% mejorarían su consistencia, el 3% le aumentaría la concentración de sal, y el 2% mejorarían su textura.
Percepciones socioculturales de los pobladores de la comunidad el Limón ante un riesgo climático
Authors: Pérez Lanuza Osmany Maurice , Romero Arteta Maria José , Solís Zúniga Franklin , Castillo Rodríguez Heydi Fabiola
Published: May 2016

El presente artículo, resume una investigación cualitativa con enfoque de Investigación-Acción, realizado con jóvenes y adultos habitantes afectados por los riesgos climáticos. La investigación se llevó a cabo en la comunidad El Limón de la subzona de Santa Cruz, Estelí, en el período entre septiembre y diciembre del año 2014. Con esta se pretendía valorar las percepciones socioculturales de los pobladores ante un riesgo climático. Se realizó desde la metodología de investigación, acción participativa, dentro de las técnicas utilizadas están: la encuesta, entrevista semi-estructurada, guía de observación y grupo focal, además de la revisión documental. Las diferentes técnicas se analizaron de acuerdo a cada objetivo y a su naturaleza de IAP. Dentro de los principales hallazgos se encuentra que los pobladores no poseen suficiente conocimiento sobre riesgo, además de existir una influencia en el desarrollo de sus percepciones con respecto a su posición geográfica, ubicada cerca de urbanizadoras. Referido a los efectos que perciben en las actividades socioambientales únicamente ven evidente la escases de agua, el aumento de plagas y enfermedades. Por ello se elaboró una propuesta de acción, encaminada a fomentar la auto gestión como medida de adaptación al cambio climático.
Estrategias Didácticas y aprendizaje de las Ciencias Sociales
Authors: Orozco Alvarado Julio César
Published: May 2016

En el presente artículo se destaca la incidencia de las estrategias didácticas en el proceso de enseñanza-aprendizaje de las Ciencias Sociales. Estas disciplinas sociales, desde hace varias décadas están en crisis, porque las metodologías didácticas implementadas por los docentes de estas áreas del conocimiento no han renovado sus metodologías de enseñanza. La época actual -denominada sociedad del conocimiento- donde las tecnologías de la información y comunicación han saturado de información a la generación actual y ésta no posee las herramientas de aprendizaje para transformar en conocimientos esa cantidad de información que les llega por diversos medios de comunicación, sea radio, televisión, Internet, prensa entre otros. De la problemática antes planteada ha surgido una preocupación por los especialistas en Didáctica de las Ciencias Sociales, sobre cuáles son las estrategias didácticas más efectivas para mejorar la calidad de los aprendizajes de los estudiantes y por supuesto, se piensa en las estrategias didácticas que permitan un aprendizaje significativo. En este artículo no se conciben las estrategias didácticas como un recetario, por el contrario, se induce al maestro a que cree, innove e implemente sus propias estrategias didácticas, haciendo del aula de clase un laboratorio para experimentar una cantidad de estrategias didácticas innovadoras.
Investigating the Organizational and the Environmental Issues that Influence the Adoption of Healthcare Information Systems in Public Hospitals of Iraq
Authors: AL-Hadban Waleed KH Mohamed , Hashim Kamarul Faizal , Yusof Shafiz Affendi Mohd
Published: May 2016

<span style="font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;" lang="EN-US">Healthcare information systems (HIS) are an important part of nowadays hospitals as it provides valuable benefits and functionalities for healthcare provision. However, the implementation and adoption of these complex innovations is a challenging task as documented by the literature; therefore, careful planning and consideration to all important factors that influence the adoption process by healthcare staff is required. Governmental reports stated that the usage of HIS systems within public hospitals of Iraq is still low and problematic; that’s why the current study aims at empirically investigating the opinions of healthcare staff regarding the adoption of HIS within public hospitals of Iraq. The current study extended the UTAUT model by integrating additional organizational and environmental factors and for that purpose a questionnaire was developed for obtaining the healthcare staff’s opinions. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first empirical study that utilized the UTAUT model to tackle the topic of HIS adoption in Iraq public healthcare sector. The study was able to explain 33% and 46% of the variance within the behavioral intention and the usage of HIS, respectively. The practical findings of this quantitative study can be helpful for healthcare officials to address the actual challenges related to HIS adoption and to set proper strategies for implementing futuristic HIS projects.
Research on Problems and Countermeasures of Health Records in Community Health Services in Tai'an City
Authors: Tingting Xu , Cunhong Ma , Yulian Shang
Published: May 2016

<span style="font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;" lang="EN-US">Objective: To standardize and improve the management of health records in community health services in Tai’an city, also to improve community health service level, and enhance residents' awareness of health. Method: taking the residents within the service range of TaiQian Community Health Center in Taian city and the relevant medical staff as research respondent, 120 questionnaires have been sent out to the residents and 15 questionnaires to the staff, then statistical analysis would be made according to the survey results. Results: at current, there are two main ways to establish personal health records, i.e. residents health examination and community personnel pay visit, which are effective; community residents seldom use their personal records, only 93.5% for once a year; 35% of community doctor hold the opinion that the health records have no big value, so there is no need to read, reflecting that the community medical personnel lack of the awareness of use it; the security and completeness of electronic health records are poor. Conclusion: Government should play a leading role in establishing and managing the community health record, improve awareness of community medical personnel in using health records through training, seminars, On-line advertising and other forms, and strengthen and improve the comprehensive management of electronic health records.
A Cloud-Based Adaptive Disaster Recovery Optimization Model
Authors: Alhazmi Omar H.
Published: May 2016

<span style="font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;" lang="EN-US">Disaster recovery and business continuity plans are essential to make sure businesses keep on going. However, many small and medium businesses feel that these plans can cost them a lot. Moreover, the issues of cost and operation overhead prevent them from having solid disaster recovery plans. However, with the spread of cloud computing and pay-as-you-go and pay-for-what-you-use models, issues of operational overhead and expensive investment in extra storage and extra infrastructure are significantly minimized. On the other hand, as it becomes more affordable, businesses want to make sure they get the most optimal solution for minimum cost and overhead. In this work, we propose an adaptive cloud-based disaster recovery model that will be flexible in protecting data and applications with different plans by considering changes in risk levels and at the same time managing the costs and billing issues associated with the cloud. Therefore, this suggests an adaptive model to manage resources on the go while keeping costs as planned with the best possible protection.
Ten Heuristics from Applying Agile Practices across Different Distribution Scenarios: A Multiple-Case Study
Authors: Vallon Raoul , Grechenig Thomas
Published: May 2016

<span style="font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;" lang="EN-US">Distributed software development (DSD) has become increasingly popular due to benefits such as cost savings, access to large multi-skilled workforces and a reduced time to market. Agile practices can potentially help increase transparency and mitigate communication and coordination issues in these complex environments. While empirical studies in the field exist, most are single-case studies that miss out on the chance to compare different distribution scenarios, which calls for further investigation. We report on results of a four-year exploratory multiple-case study investigating the agile process implementation in three different distribution scenarios: within-city, within-country and within-continent. We purposefully selected the three different cases and found ten common heuristics emerge which are based on empirical evidence in at least two cases as well as four further candidate heuristics that lack evidence in more than one case. In particular, the understanding of and adaptation to each development site's inherent challenges, travelling ambassadors/proxies between sites, and a balanced distribution of decision makers proved to be important heuristics for a successful process implementation.
A Model Driven Approach for generating Graphical User Interface for MVC Rich Internet Application
Authors: Roubi Sarra , Erramdani Mohammed , Mbarki. Samir
Published: May 2016

<span style="font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;" lang="EN-US">Web applications have witnessed a significant improvement that exhibit advanced user interface behaviors and functionalities. Along with this evolution, Rich Internet Applications (RIAs) were proposed as a response to these necessities and have combined the richness and interactivity of desktop interfaces into the web distribution model. However, RIAs are complex applications and their development requires designing and implementation which are time-consuming and the available tools are specialized in manual design. In this paper, we present a new model driven approach in which we used well known Model-Driven Engineering (MDE) frameworks and technologies, such as Eclipse Modeling Framework (EMF), Graphical Modeling Framework (GMF), Query View Transformation (QVTo) and Acceleo to enable the design and the code automatic generation of the RIA. The method focus on simplifying the task for the designer and not necessary be aware of the implementation specification.
Relationship between Marital Satisfaction and Mental Health of Married Women Referring to Health Centers in Sanandaj, Iran in 2014
Authors: Kalhor Marya , Olyaie Nazila
Published: May 2016

BACKGROUND: As the most splendid social custom to attain security and emotional needs of adults, marriage has always won the approval of the community as a whole. In this regard, the endeavors of couples to preserve their relationships and achieve higher levels of marital satisfaction have been of great significance. As a component of personal characteristics, mental health has always been associated with marital satisfaction. This study investigated the relationship between marital satisfaction and mental health of married women referred to health centers in Sanandaj, Iran in 2014.METHODS: This was a cross-sectional study conducted on 393 women referring to the health centers in Sanandaj, Iran who were selected randomly in 2014. Data collection tool were ENRICH Marital Satisfaction Questionnaire and General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-28), which was completed by the participants in the study. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 16, descriptive, and analytical statistics.RESULTS: The results indicated that most of the patients were between 35-26 years, did not complete secondary school, were housewives, had only one child, and were married for 10 years. Most of the participants enjoyed marital satisfaction and had good mental health. There was a significant relationship between mental health and marital satisfaction (p<0.001). In terms of mental health, depression and marital satisfaction had the most significant negative correlation (p<0.001). However, there were no statistically significant relationship between female’s education and their employment with marital satisfaction and mental health.CONCLUSION: According to the findings of our study, in terms of the relationship between mental health and marital satisfaction, solving marital problems and increasing couples’ satisfaction can lead to the promotion of their mental health, leading to the increase in the health status of families and society a whole; hence, the significant role of family counseling centers.
Lack of Relationship between Oral Lichen Planus and Hepatitis B and C Virus Infection: A Report from Southeast of Iran
Authors: Nosratzehi Tahereh , Raiesi Mehrab , Shahryari Bahareh
Published: May 2016

Oral lichen planus (OLP) is a chronic autoimmune disease with an unknown etiology. Dentists are usually the first medical practitioner to diagnose this condition. The condition affects all the body parts including the oral mucosa. Several studies have reported a relation between the OLP and hepatitis B and C. Current work aimed to define the occurrence of hepatitis B virus (HBV) antigen and hepatitis C virus (HCV) antibody in OLP patients compared with healthy controls. In this case-control study, 50 patients with clinical and histopathological characteristics of OLP, as well as 50 healthy controls were studied. Both groups were similar in terms of age and sex. Serum samples (5 mL) were collected from the patients for the evaluation of HBV antigen and HCV antibody using ELISA technique. Data were analyzed using SPSS Software, version 21. Chi-square test was used as appropriated. In present study, 50 patients with OLP (33 females and 17 males) with mean age of 42 ± 14.5 years, and 50 healthy subjects (33 females and 17 males) with mean age of 41.88 ± 13.73 years were evaluated. HBV antigen and HCV antibody were detected in none of the subjects (P > 0.05). We didn't found any relation between OLP and viral hepatitis. This may be due to lower occurrence of hepatitis viruses in comparison to hyper endemic countries for these viruses or genotypic discrepancy of the viruses or other factors contributing for these patients.
Rigorous Proof for Reimann Hypothesis Using the Novel Sigma-power Laws and Concepts from the Hybrid Method of Integer Sequence Classification
Authors: Ting John Y. C.
Published: May 2016

Proposed by Bernhard Reimann in 1859, Reimann hypothesis refers to the famous conjecture explicitly equivalent to the mathematical statement that the critical line in the critical strip of Reimann zeta function is the location for all non-trivial zeros. The Dirichlet eta function is the proxy for Reimann zeta function. We treat and closely analyze both functions as unique mathematical objects looking for key intrinsic properties and behaviors. We discovered our key formula (coined the Sigma-power law) which is based on our key Ratio (coined the Reimann-Dirichlet Ratio). We recognize and propose the Sigma-power laws (in both the Dirichlet and Reimann versions) and the Reimann-Dirichlet Ratio, together with their various underlying mathematically-consistent properties, in providing crucial \textit{de novo} evidences for the most direct, basic and elementary mathematical proof for Reimann hypothesis. This overall proof is succinctly summarized for the reader by the sequential Theorem I to IV in the second paragraph of Introduction section. Concepts from the Hybrid method of Integer Sequence classification are important mathematical tools employed in this paper. We note the intuitively useful mental picture for the idea of the Hybrid integer sequence metaphorically becoming the non-Hybrid integer sequence with certain criteria obtained using Ratio study.
O Direito Ambiental como questão geográfica / Environmental Law as geographic issue
Authors: Souza Jonas Dias de
Published: May 2016

Este trabalho tem o objetivo de analisar e discutir o Direito Ambiental brasileiro em termos geográficos. Tal objetivo se fez a partir da doutrina e da legislação ambiental: problematizamos os princípios e conceitos ambientais e discutimos as consequências geográficas da caracterização do meio ambiente conforme a construção jurídica. Argumenta-se que o Direito Ambiental apresenta uma tendência de naturalização do meio ambiente, da qual se configura também um universo semântico de hermenêutica e aplicação do Direito. Questiona-se, por fim, a realidade homogênea constituída no Direito Ambiental e sua imposição a diferentes realidades geográficas.

Palavras–chave: Direito Ambiental; geografia; meio ambiente; geografia do direito; soberania.

Abstract

This article aims to analyze and discuss Brazilian environmental law under geographical terms. Methodologically, we took environmental juridical theory and environmental laws: we question environmental principles and concepts and discuss the consequences of environment as legally defined. The argument is that environmental law tends to naturalize the environment, which configures also a semantic sphere for hermeneutic and law application. Finally, we question the homogenic reality created by environmental law and its enforcement over unequal geographic realities.

Keywords: environmental law; geography; environment; law geography; sovereignty.
A mobilidade do consumo no Aglomerado Urbano de Maringá-PR / The mobility of consumption at the Urban Area of Maringá-PR.
Authors: Ghizzo Marcio Roberto , Rocha Marcio Mendes
Published: May 2016

No intuito de atender às novas demandas capitalistas que lhes são constantemente instigadas, os homens têm se submetido às imposições deste sistema econômico e realizado um consumo exacerbado. Porém, como a disseminação de bens e serviços não é espacialmente homogênea, o consumidor muitas vezes precisa se submeter à mobilidade para ter acesso a determinadas mercadorias oferecidas nos maiores centros. Este fluxo populacional que se instaura na relação entre cidades é denominado mobilidade do consumo. Privilegiamos, neste artigo, o movimento que converge na cidade de Maringá-PR, procedente das cidades que compõem seu aglomerado urbano, localizada na região Norte Central Paranaense. A mobilidade do consumo acontece em volume significativo e desencadeia uma produção espacial desigual.

 

Palavras–chave: Mobilidade do consumo, Aglomerado urbano de Maringá, Maringá, consumidores.

Abstract

In the purpose to attend the new capitalists’ demands that are constantly instigated, people have submitted to the impositions from this economic system and achieved an exacerbated consumption. However, as the spreading of property and services aren´t spatially homogeneous, the consumer many times needs to submit himself/herself to the mobility to have access to specific merchandises offered in the biggest centers. This populational flux, which establishes itself in the relationship among the cities, it is denominated Mobility of Consumption. We privileged in this article the movement, which converges in Maringá city, in the state of Paraná, resulting from the cities, which compose its urban area, localized in Paranaense Central North Region. The Mobility of Consumption occurs in meaningful volume and unleashes an uneven spatial production.

Keywords: Mobility of Consumption, urban area of Maringá, Maringá, consumers.
Análise multitemporal da expansão urbana de Maringá-PR durante o período de 1947 a 2014 envolvendo o Parque Municipal do Cinquentenário e as principais áreas verdes do município / Multitemporal analysis of urban expansion Maringá – PR during (...)
Authors: Rubira Felipe Gomes
Published: May 2016

A hipótese desta pesquisa surge através da premissa de que a maioria das áreas verdes localizadas em municípios brasileiros acabam sendo alteradas negativamente pelo processo de expansão urbana e pelo aumento populacional. O objetivo da pesquisa é realizar uma análise multitemporal da expansão urbana relacionada com o aumento populacional de Maringá-PR que influenciaram na mudança da paisagem das áreas verdes do município, caracterizando por meio de períodos estabelecidos em décadas como foi sendo materializada a expansão da malha urbana em direção as áreas verdes. Concluiu-se que a urbanização acelerada do município começou a envolver as áreas verdes da cidade em todas as direções e os primeiros processos de degradação ambiental começaram a surgir, restando pequenas manchas de mata nativa. Verificou-se que os principais problemas ambientais do Parque Municipal do Cinquentenário coincidem com a aproximação da urbanização no entorno deles, em suas áreas limítrofes. Concluiu-se também, que a metodologia aplicada da análise multitemporal, mostrou-se eficiente quanto às avaliações temporais urbanas e ambientais, tornando-se ferramenta útil para um futuro plano de gestão ambiental dos órgãos governamentais responsáveis.

Palavras-Chave: Análise multitemporal, expansão urbana, aumento populacional, degradação ambiental, áreas verdes.

Abstract

The hypothesis of this research comes from the premise that the majority of green areas located in municipalities end up being changed negatively by the process of urban expansion and population increase. The objective of the research is to conduct a multi-temporal analysis of urban expansion related to the population increase of Maringa-PR that influenced the landscape change from green areas of the city, featuring through periods established for decades as it was being materialized the expansion of the urban fabric toward the green areas. It was concluded that the rapid urbanization of the city began to engage the green areas of the city in all directions and the first environmental degradation processes began to emerge, leaving small patches of native forest. It was found that the main environmental problems of the Cinquantenaire Park Municipal coincide with the approach of urbanization in their environment, in their neighboring areas. It was also concluded that the methodology applied in the multi-temporal analysis, proved efficient as to urban and environmental temporal ratings, becoming a useful tool for future environmental management plan of the responsible government agencies.

Keywords: Multitemporal analysis, urban expansion, population increase, environmental degradation, green áreas.
Indicadores de sustentabilidade para avaliação de zonas especiais de interesse social (ZEIS) para implantação de habitação social na cidade de Piracicaba-SP / Sustainability indicators for assessment of special zones of social interest (ZEIS) for (...)
Authors: Braga Roberto
Published: May 2016

Este trabalho visa discutir e desenvolver parâmetros e indicadores de sustentabilidade para a avaliação de Zonas Especiais de Interesse Social-ZEIS para a implantação de habitação de interesse social. A ZEIS é um instrumento criado nos anos 1980 e adotado pelo Estatuto da Cidade (Lei Federal 10.257/2001), que visa a regularização fundiária e implantação de habitação de interesse social. A área de estudo é o município de Piracicaba, estado de São Paulo, Brasil, com 370 mil habitantes, na região de Campinas. A sustentabilidade das ZEIS foi avaliada a partir de sua localização e com base em um sistema de quatro grupos de indicadores: densidade/compacidade urbana; ecologia urbana; diversidade socioespacial e conectividade/acessibilidade. Para cada em desses grupos foram avaliados indicadores específicos que puderam qualificar cada umas das ZEIS. Os resultados apontaram que a maioria das ZEIS criadas não só descumpriram requisitos básicos de sustentabilidade, como diminuíram a sustentabilidade do sistema urbano como um todo.

Palavras–chave: ZEIS, sustentabilidade, habitação social, expansão urbana, cidades sustentáveis.

Abstract

This paper aims to discuss and develop benchmarks and indicators for assessing the sustainability of Special Zones of Social Interest-ZEIS for the implementation of social housing. The ZEIS is an instrument created in 1980 and adopted by the City Statute (Federal Act 10257/2001), which aims to secure tenure and implementation of social housing. The study area is the city of Piracicaba, State of São Paulo, Brazil, with 370,000 inhabitants in the region of Campinas. The sustainability of ZEIS was assessed from its location and based on a system of four groups of indicators: density / urban compactness; urban ecology; socio-spatial diversity and connectivity / accessibility. For each of these groups on specific indicators that might qualify every one of ZEIS were evaluated. The results showed that most ZEIS created not only breached basic sustainability requirements, decreased as the sustainability of the urban system as a whole.

Keywords: ZEIS, sustainability, social housing, urban expansion, sustainable cities.
Inventário preliminar do Patrimônio Espeleológico do Parque Nacional das Sempre Vivas / Preliminary Inventory of Speleological Heritage of Parque Nacional das Sempre Vivas
Authors: Santos Darcy José dos , Gomes Mauro , Fonseca Simone , Costa Fabiane , Timbó Marcos Antônio
Published: May 2016

O Centro Nacional de Pesquisa e Conservação de cavernas – CECAV conta atualmente com cerca de 13.000 cavidades naturais subterrâneas cadastradas em sua base de dados. Entretanto, o território brasileiro apresenta extensas áreas propensas à ocorrência de cavernas, evidenciando que o número de cavidades conhecidas representa apenas uma pequena parcela do real potencial espeleológico do país. O Programa Nacional de Conservação do Patrimônio Espeleológico - PNCPE tem como um de seus objetivos a realização do Inventário Anual do Patrimônio Espeleológico, que tem como objetivo a geração e disseminação de informações sobre este patrimônio. O presente trabalho objetiva registrar o resultado preliminar da realização do Inventário Anual do Patrimônio Espeleológico no Parque Nacional das Sempre Vivas localizado na região das serras do Espinhaço Meridional, no extremo norte do Planalto Diamantino em Minas Gerais.

Palavras-chave: Inventário espeleológico, Patrimônio espeleológico, Parque Nacional das Sempre Vivas.

Abstract

The Centro Nacional de Pesquisa e Conservação de Cavernas – CECAV, currently has about 13,000 natural underground cavities registered in its database. However, Brazil has extensive areas propitious to the occurrence of caves, and the number of known caves represents only a small portion of real speleological potential of the country. The Programa Nacional de Conservação do Patrimônio Espeleológico - PNCPE has as one of its objectives the achievement of the Inventário Anual do Patrimônio Espeleológico, which aims to generate and to diffuse information about this heritage. This paper aims to register the preliminary results of the Inventário Anual do Patrimônio Espeleológico in the National Park of Sempre Vivas located in the region of the mountains of the Serra do Espinhaço on the northern edge of the Diamantino plateau in Minas Gerais.

Keywords: inventory speleological, speleological heritage, Sempre Vivas National Park
O virtual como campo de estudo da Geografia: A legitimação do ciberespaço na sociedade brasileira através do Marco Civil da Internet
Authors: Coneglian Flavio Marcelo
Published: May 2016

Neste artigo pretendemos apresentar uma base que justifica a inserção, dentro do escopo de pesquisas da Geografia, de uma nova espacialidade que possui uma crescente materialização no cotidiano dos indivíduos. Este trabalho possui o objetivo de compreender como o crescimento da Internet no Brasil e sua consequente normatização pelo Estado valida estudos sobre a virtualidade dentro do campo científico da Geografia. Esta pesquisa divide-se em duas seções, a primeira voltada a analisar o crescimento da utilização da Internet no Brasil nos últimos anos e a segunda ponderará sobre as implicações e determinações concretizadas juridicamente pelo Marco Civil da Internet. Esses elementos discutidos confirmam que a virtualidade faz parte definitiva do cotidiano da população brasileira e o espaço virtual é parte integrante do “real” dessa população. Tendo em vista a influência do espaço virtual na sociedade, como condutora, condicionante e determinante de relações sociais deve ser, enfim, considerado como objeto de estudo do campo científico da Geografia.
Traffic Management of Video on Demand: An Analysis of Investments for Improving the End User's Quality of Experience
Authors: Di Pillo Francesca , Levialdi Nathan , Flavia Lupi
Published: May 2016

The current escalation in user demand for web contents, particularly Video on Demand (VoD), is causing a continuing increase in both the types of web traffic and the volumes of data transmitted. The greater demand arises from the new means of communication employed by individuals and companies, as well as the development of readily usable applications distributed by ‘app stores’. In this paper, we suggest that the stakeholders of a VoD framework, the Content Providers (CPs) and the Internet Service Providers (telcos/ISPs), should guarantee a solid Quality of Experience (QoE) to the end user through two potential investments: either in ultra-broadband (UBB) or in the technologies for the acceleration of web content, known as the Content Delivery Network (CDN) and Transparent Internet Caching (TIC). The aim of the paper is to analyse these investments in terms of providers' profits. The base hypothesis is that the investments are subsidized by the CPs, which, in recent years, have indeed been directing a large part of their revenues towards investments in network infrastructure.