bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Predicting soil moisture across a heterogeneous boreal catchment using terrain indices
Authors: Larson Johannes , Lidberg William , Ågren Anneli M. , Laudon Hjalmar
Published: January 2022

Abstract. Soil moisture has important implications for drought and flooding forecasting, forest fire prediction and water supply management. However, mapping soil moisture has remained a scientific challenge due to forest canopy cover and small-scale variations in soil moisture conditions. Digital terrain analysis has been suggested as a way forward to model soil moisture variability across landscapes, and multiple digital terrain indices have been developed. However, the performance of these terrain indices depends on the resolution of the digital elevation models used and, in many cases, user-defined index-specific thresholds. In this study, we compared soil moisture predictions using nine different terrain indices and available soil wetness maps, at varying resolutions and user-defined thresholds, with a field dataset of soil moisture registered in five classes from a forest survey covering a boreal landscape. We found that topography could explain the spatial variation in soil moisture conditions but the effects of changing DEM resolution and user-defined thresholds severely affected the performance of the soil moisture modelling. These results demonstrate that modelled soil moisture conditions need to be validated, as selecting unsuitable DEM resolution or user-defined threshold can give ambiguous and even incorrect results. Challenges caused by heterogeneous soil types within the study area highlight the need for local knowledge when interpreting the modelled results.
Components of 21 years (1995–2015) of absolute sea level trends in the Arctic
Authors: Ludwigsen Carsten Bjerre , Andersen Ole Baltazar , Rose Stine Kildegaard
Published: January 2022

Abstract. The Arctic Ocean is at the frontier of the fast-changing climate in the northern latitudes, and sea level trends are a bulk measure of ongoing
processes related to climate change. Observations of sea level in the Arctic Ocean are nonetheless difficult to validate with independent measurements,
and this is globally the region where the sea level trend (SLT) is most uncertain. The aim of this study is to create a satellite-independent
reconstruction of Arctic SLT, as it is observed by altimetry and tide gauges (TGs). Previous studies use Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment
(GRACE) observations to estimate the manometric (mass component of) SLT. GRACE estimates, however, are challenged by large mass changes on land, which
are difficult to separate from much smaller ocean mass changes. Furthermore, GRACE is not available before 2003, which significantly limits the period
and makes the trend more vulnerable to short-term changes. As an alternative approach, this study estimates the climate-change-driven Arctic
manometric SLT from the Arctic sea level fingerprints of glaciers, Greenland, Antarctica and glacial isostatic adjustment (GIA) with the addition of the
long-term inverse barometer (IB) effect. The halosteric and thermosteric components complete the reconstructed Arctic SLT and are estimated by
interpolating 300 000 temperature (T) and salinity (S) in situ observations. The SLT from 1995–2015 is compared to the observed SLT from altimetry and 12 selected tide gauges (TGs) corrected for vertical land movement
(VLM). The reconstructed estimate manifests the salinity-driven halosteric component as dominating the spatial SLT pattern with variations
between −7 and 10 mm yr−1. The manometric SLT in comparison is estimated to be 1–2 mm yr−1 for most of the Arctic Ocean. The
reconstructed SLT shows a larger sea level rise in the Beaufort Sea compared to altimetry, an issue that is also identified by previous studies. There is a
TG-observed sea level rise in the Siberian Arctic in contrast to the sea level fall from the reconstructed and altimetric estimate. From 1995–2015 the reconstructed SLT agrees within the 68 % confidence interval with the SLT from observed altimetry in 87 % of the
Arctic between 65∘ N and 82∘ N (R=0.50) and with 5 of 12 TG-derived (VLM-corrected) SLT estimates. The residuals are seemingly
smaller than results from previous studies using GRACE estimates and modeled T–S data. The spatial correlation of the reconstructed SLT to
altimetric SLT during the GRACE period (2003–2015) is R=0.38 and R=0.34/R=0.37 if GRACE estimates are used instead of the constructed
manometric component. Thus, the reconstructed manometric component is suggested as a legitimate alternative to GRACE that can be projected into the
past and future.
Proper orthogonal decomposition of ice velocity identifies drivers of flow variability at Sermeq Kujalleq (Jakobshavn Isbræ)
Authors: Ashmore David W. , Mair Douglas W. F. , Higham Jonathan E. , Brough Stephen , Lea James M. , Nias Isabel J.
Published: January 2022

Abstract. The increasing volume and spatio-temporal resolution of
satellite-derived ice velocity data have created new exploratory
opportunities for the quantitative analysis of glacier dynamics. One
potential technique, proper orthogonal decomposition (POD), also known as
empirical orthogonal functions, has proven to be a powerful and flexible
technique for revealing coherent structures in a wide variety of
environmental flows. In this study we investigate the applicability of POD
to an openly available TanDEM-X/TerraSAR-X-derived ice velocity dataset from
Sermeq Kujalleq (Jakobshavn Isbræ), Greenland. We find three dominant
modes with annual periodicity that we argue are explained by glaciological
processes. The primary dominant mode is interpreted as relating to the
stress reconfiguration at the glacier terminus, known to be an important
control on the glacier's dynamics. The second and third largest modes
together relate to the development of the spatially heterogenous glacier
hydrological system and are primarily driven by the pressurisation and
efficiency of the subglacial hydrological system. During the melt season,
variations in the velocity shown in these two subsidiary modes are explained
by the drainage of nearby supraglacial melt ponds, as identified with a
Google Earth Engine Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) dynamic thresholding technique. By isolating
statistical structures within velocity datasets and through their
comparison to glaciological theory and complementary datasets, POD indicates
which glaciological processes are responsible for the changing bulk velocity
signal, as observed from space. With the proliferation of optical- and radar-derived velocity products (e.g. MEaSUREs, ESA CCI, PROMICE), we suggest POD,
and potentially other modal decomposition techniques, will become
increasingly useful in future studies of ice dynamics.
The necessity of revising primary school content of probability in egypt to enhance students' probabilistic reasoning
Authors:   Graduate School for International Development and Cooperation, Elbehary Samah
Published: January 2022

In the context of developing countries, Egypt as well, substantial importance is always assigned to textbooks. Besides, many teachers place priorities on discussing its activities. Therefore, in the case of probability, it is crucial to reflect on textbooks' discourse for identifying the possible opportunities given to students to enhance their probabilistic reasoning. From this perspective, an Onto- Semiotic Approach (OSA) combined with Batanero et al’s. (2016) description of main interpretations of probability has been employed to deduce and categorize the essential entities of probability longitudinally across grades. As a result, the current content can foster students' procedural knowledge of objective probability with little attention to the epistemic side that views probability as a personal degree of belief. Consequently, it is important to revise the primary school content of probability through implementing some basic probabilistic concepts (e.g., the law of large number and conditional probability).
Dealing with the increased assessment workload of work- integrated learning in a capstone unit for an undergraduate major in statistics
Authors:   Macquarie University, Bilgin Ayse , Petocz Peter ,   Macquarie University
Published: January 2022

Bringing real problems into curriculum is not an easy job but assessing such student work is even harder, especially when universities are run like businesses where academics are given only limited hours to assess student work. The literature documents that authentic problems are more engaging for students and thus there is no argument against having such problems in the curriculum. However, the literature also shows that assessment of such student work is costly in terms of time. We have developed marking rubrics to standardise marking such assessment tasks, as well as providing some guidance to students on what is expected of them. A mentoring model, putting ourselves (as lecturers) as part of the students’ work, but letting students make decisions and solve problems, has been at the heart of our rubric development. We will share our experience of dealing with the increased assessment workload arising from incorporating work-integrated learning into a capstone unit for an undergraduate major in statistics by providing examples of how real projects that are beneficial to students and industry can be assessed in a way that is time efficient for academics. The example rubrics can be adopted, further developed or modified by colleagues who are hesitant to move into this direction. Our experience shows that assessments of real projects can be completed more efficiently by utilising such marking rubrics. Students seem satisfied with the mentoring and guidance they receive, and with the feedback they get for their projects. Given that such marking rubrics have not been widely developed or used in statistics education generally, nor specifically for real projects, we believe that our examples will be helpful for statistics educators generally.
Aligning evaluation with achievement objectives: automated exams based on bloom's taxonomy
Authors:   National University of Córdob, Bologna Eduardo , Vaiman Marcelo ,   National University of Córdob, Alfonso Matías ,   National University of Córdob
Published: January 2022

How many of social sciences students passing introductory statistics courses develop the expected skills to make a meaningful use of statistics? Our diagnosis suggests that an important part of them achieve this through memorization and repetition. This communication reports the in-progress effort to improve the quality of the evaluation of an introductory statistics course in Psychology degree, National University of Córdoba (Argentina). There is a specific demand on the qualifications required of students who pass the subject, which combines with a significant volume of students, so it is necessary to ensure the validity of the evaluations and the automation of their administration and correction. The work consists of the construction of examination items classified according to three criteria: elementary thematic unit it evaluates, cognitive level and degree of difficulty, so that precision exams can be built. The proposal is applicable to classroom or on-line courses.
Gaise-ing beyond...
Authors:   Durham University, Ridgway Jim
Published: January 2022

Statistics curricula world-wide are undergoing a period of review and reflection. Curriculum change requires an articulation of ambitions and purposes, exemplified by curriculum materials and assessment tasks. Whatever the curriculum specification, it is high-stakes assessments that drive the enacted curriculum. The GAISE Report sets out a broad vision for statistics, and provides an extensive collection of illustrative assessment tasks. We have developed a comprehensive analytical framework which encompasses rather more radical views of what the statistics curriculum should comprise. We classify the GAISE tasks, and identify strengths and areas which will benefit from further development. We provide examples of tasks designed to assess emerging goals for statistics education, and to extend GAISE. Conceptual frameworks are essential for curriculum reform; they offer a focus for discussing curriculum ambition. If new educational goals cannot be exemplified by assessment tasks, then reform efforts will fail.
Engineering-geological investigation in the coastal zone of St. Anastasia Island
Authors: Dimitrov Dimitar
Published: January 2022

The Engineering-geological research relates to the development of concepts for the reconstruction and extension of an existing harbor for small vessels on St. Anastasia Island in order to protect the water area from dangerous geological and meteorological conditions. It is confirmed that in connection with the construction of future hydrotechnical facilities, the studied area is presented of Upper Cretaceous volcanic rocks and Quaternary marine sediments, subjected to the active impact of lithodynamic processes in Burgas Gulf. The performed Engineering geological studies included sampling, sample analysis, strength-deformation and physico-mechanical characteristics of lithological varieties and foundation conditions. The conditions for the foundation of the designed pier with a fenced mall are favorable for two types of hydrotechnical constructions: gravity and pilot.
Evaluation under Laboratory Conditions of the Efficacy of Four Extracts of Spontaneous Plants from the Mzab Valley (Algeria) against the Date Palm Mite (Oligonychus afrasiaticus)
Authors:   Laboratoire des Bio-ressources Sahariennes: Préservation et Valorisation, Département des Sciences Agronomiques, Faculté des Sciences de la Nature et la Vie et Sciences de la Terre. Université Kasdi Merbah, BP 511, Ouargla 30000, Algeria, Babaz Younes , Guezoul Omar ,   Laboratoire des Bio-ressources Sahariennes: Préservation et Valorisation, Département des Sciences Agronomiques, Faculté des Sciences de la Nature et la Vie et Sciences de la Terre. Université Kasdi Merbah, BP 511, Ouargla 30000, Algeria, Bouras Noureddine ,   Département de Biologie, Faculté des Sciences de la Nature et de la Vie et Sciences de la Terre, Université de Ghardaïa, 47000 Ghardaïa, Algeria
Published: January 2022

Trials were conducted to test the hydrosols of 4 spontaneous plants on the date palm mite, Oligonychus afrasiaticus, a key pest of date palm in Algeria. Extracts from those plants (basil, harmel, colocynth and hyssop) tested against date palm mite showed promising results. The quantities of essential oils extracted from the 4 plants were extremely low, that is why only hydrosols were used. The results obtained change depending on the number of sprays and the reading time after treatment. The hyssop extract caused a high mortality rate of 91%, followed by colocynth and basil extracts with average mortality rates of 64% and 62%, respectively. The lowest mortality rate, 6%, occurred when applying harmel extract.
FINANCIAL INTELLIGENCE AND ITS BARRIERS IN THE INVESTIGATION PROCESS OF COUNTERING THE FINANCING OF TERRORISM IN PAKISTAN
Authors:   Counter Terrorism Department Police Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan, Khan Ayaz , Ahmad Jamil ,   University of Peshawar, Pakistan, Alam Jan ,   Kohat University of Science & Technology-KUST Kohat, Pakistan
Published: January 2022

The study was performed with the principal focus on exploring gaps in the investigation process of countering the financing of terrorism in Pakistan. The study used a qualitative method to explore the barriers of investigation in financing terrorism. A set of 25 participants was selected purposively and interviewed through an in-depth, semi-structured interview guide. The thematic analysis technique was utilized for the findings and unearthing the gaps/reasons for failure in an investigation of countering the financing of terrorism in Pakistan. There were gaps explored in terms of securing prosecutable evidence in the investigation processes of money laundering. The major elements behind terrorist financing are found to be money transferred through Hawala, income generation through Chanda/donations, less or no access to traditional funding, the absence of effective monitoring on the national level, and poor access to the digital economy. The researchers recommend that such elements need to be controlled and be brought in line with that of FATF's to improve the image of Pakistan. Keywords: Anti-money laundering; Financial Intelligence; barriers; qualitative research
Single-stage microsurgical reconstruction of large complex tissue defects of the lower extremities with two vascularized flaps
Authors: Ladutko D. Yu. , Podhaisky V. N. , Ladutko Yu. N. , Pekar A. V. , Kezlya O. P. , Selitsky А. V. , Gubicheva A. V.
Published: January 2022

The purpose of this study was to explore the effectiveness of combined one-stage reconstruction of extensive complex defects of lower limb tissues and to analyze postoperative complications.

Material and methods. The research involved 25 patients with bone and soft tissue defects of lower extremities. The first group included 16 patients, where the replacement of bone and soft-tissue defects of the lower leg was carried out with one complex bone-skin graft. The second group consisted of 9 patients who, along with major defects of the tibia, had concomitant extensive damage of soft tissues. To replace bone and soft-tissue limb defects, the autotransplantation technique of 2 free flaps, bone and soft-tissue (combined) was used.

Results and discussion. In our study, we analyzed early and late postoperative complications, as well as the average time of fusion of the graft with the recipient bed and restoration time of the lower limb supportability. In the second group of patients, we did not observe any critical complications in the early postoperative period that would affect the results of patient`s treatment. The increase in the incidence of vascular complications is not statistically significant. In the late postoperative period (30 days or more), stress fractures of the fibular graft, traumatic fracture of the fibular graft, delayed consolidation of the graft ends with the recipient bone lasting more than 6 months were observed in both groups of patients. The incidence of these complications was comparable in both groups, there were no statistically significant differences. The average time of fusion of the graft with the recipient bed and the time of restoration of the lower limb supportability did not have statistically significant differences.

Conclusion. One-stage reconstruction of extensive deep limb tissue defects by using an appropriate combination of two vascularized complex grafts (bone and soft tissue) provides a complete reconstruction of complex limb tissue defects without increasing the time of bone consolidation and the frequency of occurrence of critical complications in the postoperative period (total necrosis of vascularized flaps and deep wound infection process).
Manipulability and Kinematics Analysis of Three-Linked Robotic Arm Using Mathematical Program
Authors: K. S. Yokesh , N Nandakumar
Published: January 2022

The Kinematics study deals with the motion of the bodies and the mechanism without consideration of force. Geometry is applied by robot kinematics to the research movement of multi-degree freedom kinematic links that shape the robot manipulator structure. The most critical problem is locating the end effector and angle of the robot manipulator. Used in automation industries to perform various tasks. To overcome this problem, Singular Value Decomposition (SVD) of the Jacobin matrix has been derived using length and angle for robotic manipulator links. In this work, a mathematical program for solving kinematics of the three linked robotic arms has been developed. End effector position x, y and joint angles θ1, θ2, θ3 for the robotic arm have been simulated and values are obtained by using MATLAB software. From the developed mathematical program, the required progression positions of the robotic arm over time have been achieved.
Determinan Peringkat Sukuk Korporasi Pada Pasar Madal Di Indonesia Tahun 2014-2020
Authors: Agustin Eka Prasetya
Published: January 2022

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui dan menyediakan temuan secara empiris apakah profitabilitas, likuiditas, leverage, produktivitas, firm size, dan umur sukuk memiliki pengaruh terhadap peringkat sukuk. Sampel yang digunakan adalah perusahaan yang menerbitkan sukuk dan terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia. Teknik analisis data menggunakan analisis regresi linear berganda dengan bantuan SPSS 23. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa firm size dan umur sukuk berpengaruh terhadap peringkat sukuk. Sedangkan profitabilitas, likuiditas, leverage, dan produktivitas tidak berpengaruh terhadap peringkat sukuk.
PENGARUH BI 7-DAY REPO RATE, CAR, BOPO, DAN DPK TERHADAP PROFITABILITAS BANK UMUM SYARIAH DI INDONESIA PERIODE 2015-2019
Authors: Sholichatunnisa Ida , Mariana Mariana
Published: January 2022

This study aims to determine the effect of the BI 7-Day Repo Rate, Capital Adequacy Ratio (CAR), Operational Costs on Operating Income, Third Party Funds (TPF) on the profitability of Islamic Commercial Banks in Indonesia for the period 2015 to 2019. This study uses secondary data sources. obtained from the financial statements of each Islamic Commercial Bank that has been registered with the Financial Services Authority (OJK) from 2015 to 2019. The sample used in this study was 12 Islamic Commercial Banks using the purposive sampling method. The data analysis technique in this study uses multiple linear analysis techniques. The results of this test indicate that the BI 7-Day Repo Rate, CAR, and TPF partially have no effect on profitability, while OEOI has an effect on profitability. BI 7-Day Repo Rate, CAR, BOPO, and TPF simultaneously have an influence on the profitability of Islamic Commercial Banks.
Peculiarities of change in the main formation parameters of the KS and PK suite deposits at the Pirallakhi adasy field
Authors:   ", Shakarov H.I. ,   OilGasScientificResearchProject",   İnstitute, Socar, Baku, Azerbaijan, Isgandarov M. M. ,   "OilGasScientificResearchProject" İnstitute, Socar, Baku, Azerbaijan, Abuzarova A.H. ,   "OilGasScientificResearchProject" İnstitute, Socar, Baku, Azerbaijan, Kerimova Y.H. ,   "OilGasScientificResearchProject" İnstitute, Socar, Baku, Azerbaijan
Published: January 2022

In order to analyze the changes in the parameters of the main reservoir parameters by area and depth at the Pirallahi adasy field, the results of the interpretation of core and logging data were used. For this, the data from well logging and the results of core analysis over the area were collected and analyzed. The results of interpretation of the data of complex well logging studies of wells carried out at the field and the results of analysis of core materials are systematized, statistical analysis is carried out. In the section of each well, reservoirs were identified, characterized by reservoir properties for the KS and PK formations, their porosity, clay content, oil and gas saturation, and permeability were determined. The weighted average values of these parameters for individual wells were calculated and distribution graphs were drawn up. Dependences are established between the parameters of the filtration-capacitive characteristics and correlations are built. The graphs of dependence are built between the parameters characterizing the reservoir characteristics, porosity and clay content, permeability and porosity in the KS and PK formations. As a result of the studies carried out, it can be noted that the Pirallahi adasi field, despite the fact that it has been in operation for a long time, the obtained results of the well logging data interpretation for the KS and PK formations, the identified reservoirs have high properties that the hydrocarbon reserves of the field have not been exhausted. Taking into account the above, it is more expedient to continue drilling and development of new wells in the best possible way, choosing the optimal well network at the Pirallahi adasy field. Keywords: well logging; reservoir characteristics; permeability and porosity; interpretation of core and logging data.
Metal complexes with dihydrazone of malonic acid dihydrazine
Authors:   ", Ismayilov R.H. ,   OilGasScientificResearchProject",   İnstitute, Socar, Baku, Azerbaijan, Fatullayeva P.A. ,   Institute of Catalysis and Inorganic Chemistry, NAS of Azerbaijan, Baku, Azerbaijan
Published: January 2022

This research includes synthesis and characterization of transition metal complexes of Cu (II), Co (II) and Ni (II) with hydrazone Schiff base ligand. Schiff base lagand was synthesized by reaction of malonic ester dihydrazide and 5-bromo salicylaldehyde. The structure of obtained complexes was studied by IR and electron spectroscopy. Keywords: hydrazone Schiff base ligand; copper complex; nickel complex; cobalt complex; IR and UV-Vis spectroscopy.
Leibniz y Locke : consideraciones sobre los límites y los fundamentos del conocimiento humano
Authors: Piauí William de Siqueira , de Morais Lauro Iane , Arce Santos Percy Daniel
Published: January 2022

This paper aims to explain Leibniz’s opinion according to which creation and demonstration in mathematics are founded upon a certain general logic that is conversant not only with syllogisms and prosyllogisms, but also with the rules of particular progressions or functions. If this is the case, there would be a universal mathematics or good characteristics, bringing several consequences on what is thought to be the foundation and range of human knowledge. We intend to do such an inquiry mainly using the fictional clash between Theophilus, that stands for Leibniz himself, and Philalethes, that stands for the English philosopher John Locke, regarding the alleged impossibility of squaring the circle claimed by the latter, that is portrayed in the New Essays.
¿Es la dinámica de Leibniz compatible con su monadología?
Authors: Garber Daniel
Published: January 2022

From the beginning of Leibniz’s dynamics, his program for a science of force, there was a metaphysics of body. When the program first emerged in the late 1670s, Leibniz argued that his science of force entailed the reestablishment of substantial form. But in the same period, Leibniz’s interest in genuine unities as the ultimate constituents of the world led him to posit a world of corporeal substances, bodies made one by virtue of a substantial form. In this way by the early 1680s, there seemed to be two convergent paths to a single metaphysics: the revival of substantial form. Over the years, both of these metaphysics evolved. By the mid 1690s, to substantial form, understood as active force, the dynamical metaphysics added materia prima, understood as passive force. Meanwhile unities that ground the world evolved from corporeal substances to monads, now considered non-extended, mindlike, and the ultimate constituents of things. When this happened, I argue, it was no longer obvious that these two metaphysical pictures were still consistent with one another: the dynamical metaphysics, grounded in force, and the metaphysics of unity, now understood in terms of monads, seemed increasingly to be in tension with one another.
Los límites de la interioridad : el concepto de individuo en Leibniz y Spinoza
Authors: Jabase Leila
Published: January 2022

We will deal here with a point of intersection between Leibniz and Spinoza, on a question of importance to modern philosophy: the concept of the individual. In Leibniz, the divis ibility of matter to infinity and the need for a principle that accounts for the unity in the multi plicity of the elements that make up every body, lead him to conceive metaphysical units that are the foundation of what is presented to the senses. In Spinoza, on the other hand, to think about the conditions of permanence of the same individual through the various changes that he undergoes, he will argue that a composite individual conserves his nature not only by maintain ing a certain relationship of movement and rest, but also by his conatus, that is, his strength to persevere in being, at the same time as by his ability to generate active affections.
Noción, perspectivas metodológicas y prácticas de enseñanza del género discursivo en el contexto educativo: estado del arte
Authors: Hernández Rincón Marleny , Chavéz Wong Jeimy Liliana , Molano Zuluaga Juan Carlos
Published: January 2022

El propósito de este artículo es realizar una revisión de la literatura relacionada con el género discursivo durante el periodo comprendido entre 2000 y 2020 con el fin de reconocer su noción, perspectivas metodológicas y prácticas de enseñanza predominantes. Se revisaron 132 documentos, los cuales se sistematizaron en una matriz que permitió un análisis e interpretación. Los hallazgos de este proceso reflexivo, permitieron establecer la complejidad y variadas formas que toma el género discursivo en la comunicación oral y escrita. Así mismo, reconocer que las situaciones comunicativas que ocurren en el contexto educativo están determinadas por el género discursivo y el tipo de discurso. Se concluye que es necesario adelantar investigaciones enfocadas al análisis de los géneros académicos (orales, escritos y multimodales) cuyos resultados conlleven a propuestas didácticas y estrategias de formación de maestros disciplinares.
Application of Radiofrequency for Decolorization, Floc Formation, and Microorganism Inactivation
Authors: Yahaghi Javad , Bazargan Alireza
Published: January 2022

The use of radio frequency for water and wastewater treatment is a topic that has not been extensively explored. In this study, the effect of a HydroFlow S38 device (Hydropath Holdigs) inducing 150 KHz radio frequency (RF) has been investigated, removing color, forming coagulant flocs and their sedimentation, and the removal of bacteria. Experiments were first conducted on synthetic samples, and then on landfill leachate from the Aradkooh waste processing and landfilling complex (Kahrizak) in Tehran, Iran. The results of the experiments showed that RF had little to no effect on de-coloring in the absence or presence of sodium hypochlorite. Also, the coagulation and flocculation of ferric chloride remained unaffected. However, the use of RF was shown to reduce the number of bacteria significantly. The inductance of RF alone, without any other aid or chemical/physical treatment, was able to reduce the bacterial count by 35%. These findings provide motivation for future research regarding the use of RF for bacteria inactivation.
Visiones confrontadas del Mucndo . El caso de Chacsinkín, yukatan:
Authors: Torres Ruben , Lara Farfán Fabiola de la Luz
Published: January 2022

El presente trabajo describe y analiza el tema de la pobreza alimentaria en el municipio de Chacsinkín, Yucatán. La metodología en la investigación de los problemas de la salud se ha desarrollado a partir de un enfoque cuantitativo y estadístico, dejando a un lado la parte cualitativa, en donde se toman en cuenta la ideología del sujeto/actor evaluado. Por este motivo, hacemos uso del método sociológico para tomar en cuenta la perspectiva de los sujetos participantes en la investigación. La sociología nos permite observar un universo de interpretaciones entre los diversos sujetos, a partir de las estructuras sociales predeterminadas, que convergen con las experiencias y acciones que viven los individuos y que producen las interpretaciones del mundo. Observaremos que ciertos fenómenos sociales guardan un fuerte vínculo con la pobreza alimentaria en Chacsinkin.  

Palabras claves: Pobreza alimentaria, exclusión social, Chacsinkin, dieta maya, cosmogonía.

El presente trabajo describe y analiza el tema de la pobreza alimentaria en el municipio de Chacsinkín, Yucatán. La metodología en la investigación de los problemas de la salud se ha desarrollado a partir de un enfoque cuantitativo y estadístico, dejando a un lado la parte cualitativa, en donde se toman en cuenta la ideología del sujeto/actor evaluado. Por este motivo, hacemos uso del método sociológico para tomar en cuenta la perspectiva de los sujetos participantes en la investigación. La sociología nos permite observar un universo de interpretaciones entre los diversos sujetos, a partir de las estructuras sociales predeterminadas, que convergen con las experiencias y acciones que viven los individuos y que producen las interpretaciones del mundo. Observaremos que ciertos fenómenos sociales guardan un fuerte vínculo con la pobreza alimentaria en Chacsinkin.  

Palabras claves: Pobreza alimentaria, exclusión social, Chacsinkin, dieta maya, cosmogonía.
A Review of Indications, Surgical Technique, and Outcomes for the Cervical Pedicle Subtraction Osteotomy
Authors: Sivaganesan Ahilan , Kim Han Jo
Published: January 2022

Cervical spine deformity is a debilitating condition that can be challenging to treat. For patients with fixed, focal, kyphotic deformities near the cervicothoracic junction, a pedicle subtraction osteotomy (PSO) can be considered. Classifying a given cervical spine deformity and quantifying the mismatch between current and desired alignment are critical steps in determining whether a PSO should be done. It is also important to understand the relative contraindications for a cervical PSO and the radiographic and patient-reported outcomes associated with the procedure. Here, we review these topics and the details of our surgical technique and postoperative considerations. Specific nuances of the setup, exposure/approach, osteotomy, closure, and postoperative protocol are highlighted. A surgical video is also included (Video 1). Our aim is to provide a conceptual framework for understanding when a cervical PSO should be considered, how it can be performed effectively, and the outcomes that can be expected.
Role of Seed Cycling in Polycystic Ovaries Syndrome
Authors: Irfan Tabeen , Seher Kinza , Rizwan Bahisht , Fatima Sammar , Sani Affifa
Published: January 2022

Poly-cystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) is described as an endocrine disorderliness emerging from hormonal inequality and low form of inflammation. PCOS is a metabolic syndrome which includes complex medical treatments which are expensive and has many side effects. The purpose of review is to extract a literature that proves that diet has significant role in treatment of PCOS. After going through the published literature and initially 150 articles were included, which were after reducing 98 the duplicates, 22 irrelevant diseases were excluded. However, title and abstract 30-full text articles were eligiblewere relevant to topic role of seeds cycling containing omega 3 fatty acids on Pcos.Different review papers which contained data the role of different seeds i.e. flax seeds,sesame seeds,pumpkin seeds,sunflower seeds seperately then we came to conclusion that n-3 fatty acids were the main component among these seeds from plant sources which improves hormonal disturbances and insulin resistance in PCOS patients. This review literature is assessed from the precious data from Medline/PubMed, google scholar until November 2020. The present review is aimed to investigate the influence of n-3 fatty acid in balancing hormones, testosterone, luteinizing hormone (LH) and insulin levels.
IMPACT OF SOCIAL MEDIA AND PEER PRESSURE ON EATING BEHAVIORS OF ADOLESCENTS
Authors: Aslam Maria , Gull Khan Jannat , Khan Gullnoor , Asif Henna , Atta Nafela , Rafique Aqsa , Tahir Tuba , Ahmed Nabeera , . Ayesha
Published: January 2022

Social media is the site used everywhere around the world to interact and communicate with people. The most used social media networks include Facebook, WhatsApp, YouTube, Twitter, Instagram and Snapchat. Social networks usage is negatively associated with the eating choices of students, and it has made lifestyle sedentary.Objectives: The main aim of the study was to determine how the use of social media is linked with the eating habits of students. The secondary objective was to determine how peer choices affected eating choices in students.Methods: A cross sectional study was conducted among 100 university of Lahore students for period of 3 months ranging from 18 to 25 years. Information on how social media and peer pressure influence eating behaviors in students was collected using a questionnaire through purposive sampling technique.Results: The results revealed that the majority of participants were female i.e., 89% and 11% were male. About 43% participants were using Instagram, whereas about 70% participants were using cell phone before laying down. 39% participants were using internet for 10 hours while 30% participants for whole day. Majority 29% participant crave junk food while watching social media, and 74% participants consumed junk food with friends. Adolescents are influenced by peer pressure as 40% participants ate 3 meals and 24% participants ate 4 meals per day with friends.Conclusion: Social media and peer pressure has greatly affected the lifestyle and eating choices of students. Our youth has decreased enjoying healthy meals with family. Thus, future nutrition programs must focus on promoting healthy eating behavior among our youth.
186 Reflections on Remote Simulation: What Does This Mean That Candidates Miss?
Authors: Taylor Jennifer
Published: January 2022

Our organization has been running some courses remotely since autumn 2020. Sessions for medical students and foundation doctors have taken place, allowing those who are isolating or shielding to participate, and facilitating the training of those who are outside our organization. We are now writing many courses with remote learning in mind and creating our course materials in digital format. This means that we are not starting from scratch if changes in circumstance prevent face-to-face training in the future. The remote format involves candidates controlling an ‘avatar’ in-centre, supported by a confederate (in nursing or junior doctor role), with access to a digital notes bundle. The screen on Microsoft Teams has a relatively fixed room view taking up the majority of the screen, with a change in feed to a different camera if appropriate to the flow of the scenario – to focus on the defibrillator, for example, with observations in a corner, and results popping up when requested. There is no option for candidates to alter this view. During a dry-run of a scenario involving a simulated patient (played by a faculty member) with hallucinations due to delirium, the candidate struggled in their appreciation of how abnormal the patient’s behaviours were, as they were unable to see all the small movements that were evident to those of us in the room, and low volume speech and muttering might have been difficult to hear, despite the faculty member wearing a microphone, though may have been easier through headphones. We sought feedback on the format and the feasibility for the scenario from the candidate, and the phrase ‘I didn’t see/hear that’ was used a lot.

This has led me to wonder how much detail our candidates are dialling in from home, particularly those who are using a tablet, phone or laptop with a small screen, and have been missing, and how that might have affected their behaviour and clinical reasoning. Submitted feedback makes little reference to missing things in the course of the scenarios, but some candidates seem to have had more issues than others. This may have been due to technical or connectivity problems but could be viewed as a limitation of the set-up in its current format. Reviewing the feedback, while some expressed frustration about technical issues, there are many more comments about how they had enjoyed the experience and hoped it will continue. The jury seems to be out, but there is much to work on as we move forward.
172 Student Perception of Skills and Simulation Delivery Within an Undergraduate Nursing Curriculum: Looking at the Creation and Introduction of a Skills and Simulation Delivery Framework
Authors: Browne Emily , Cust Fiona , Woodrow-Hirst Ben , Friend Amanda
Published: January 2022

When developing our new undergraduate nursing curriculum, we wanted to ensure that it was simulation based; however, we were unable to find frameworks or direction of how to integrate this. Despite a wealth of evidence to support the use of simulation as an effective modality, there is no current literature that describes a system of integrating simulation in a standardized manner. Ferguson

The aim of this research was to have both qualitative and quantitative data to support the hypothesis that a framework is needed to integrate skills and simulation with a healthcare education curriculum.

For this study, there was no new addition of simulation; the aim was to look at what was in existence and gather student experience data.

This study took a mixed methodology collecting both qualitative and quantitative data through a questionnaire. The questionnaire was designed to ascertain the student’s existing level of experience in skills and simulation, their opinion as to how effective the current method of delivery was. Opinion was also sought on thoughts in relation to changing the delivery of skills and simulation. All first- and second-year pre-registration nursing students were invited to take part. Ethical approval was sought and granted by the university ethics panel.

Three main themes were generated and will be discussed. Communication: many students described their lack of confidence in communicating with senior staff and other members of the multi-disciplinary team (MDT). This was, they felt, linked with a lack of experience and a lack of exposure to working with more senior staff. Confidence within their role: Students felt that simulation did improve their confidence but that there should be much more of it within their curriculum. They discussed the fact that it was a much more powerful resource than ‘sitting in a lecture theatre’. Feeling stressed and intimidated: Students reported that although the high-fidelity simulation sessions and scenarios could prepare them for ‘real-life’ emergency situations they did find them rather stressful and intimidating.

The results of this initial study demonstrated that students wanted more simulation and that their confidence and competence would be improved from more simulated practice. From the responses given, it was evident that the current delivery of clinical skills and simulation preparation was not effective and student satisfaction was poor. In response to these findings, we have developed a five-stage approach to create a scaffolding of learning bringing simulation into the curriculum from the very start allowing for a gradual cognitive load. The authors expect to find an improvement in the student perceptions of both their competence and confidence in relation to clinical practice.
122 Adapting Foundation Programme Simulation in Response to a Pandemic: Has it Diminished Learning?
Authors: Alam Vardah , O’Dowd Roisin Hegarty , Dunnell Liam , Dev Shumontha
Published: January 2022

A human factor-based simulation course is run for foundation doctors and nurses annually at a London teaching hospital. Simulation helps to improve technical and non-technical skills in a supportive environment

The aim of the study was to evaluate the impact of the course adaptations on the participants’ learning experience, delivery of learning objectives and quality of teaching.

The course comprises simulated scenarios with facilitated debrief sessions. Post-COVID-19 changes comprised: moving to a half-day format, reducing the number of scenarios from five to three, reducing the number of participants per session, running multiple courses on 1 day and reducing debriefing time. Feedback was gathered pre- and post-course using SurveyMonkey. The questionnaires utilized free-text answers and Likert scales based on the Human Factors Skills for Healthcare Instrument

Despite changes made, participants reported an improvement in clinical skills (

Percentage of participants who reported feeling confident in clinical skills

Percentage of participants who reported that they could adequately do the following Human Factors Skills for Healthcare Instrument skills

Common themes arising from participants’ feedback

This course demonstrates that simulation can be delivered safely throughout a pandemic while maintaining education value. Participants continued to find simulation useful; the use of PPE did not affect debriefing and learning processes. Changes did arise as a result of the changes: increased workload on staff (multiple sessions), timing issues, repetition in scenarios delivered and ward pressures on participants. Moving forwards, some adaptations such as the use of PPE will remain, but the course will return to a full day. To further evaluate the impact of the changes made. We are currently obtaining feedback from faculty.
152 A Narrative Review: Primary Research in Simulation-Based Education using Eye-Tracking Technology
Authors: Harris Kirsty , Ryder Isobel , Dicks Matt
Published: January 2022

There has been a gradual increase in research using technology such as eye-tracking in medical education in simulation. Subsequently, the aim of this review is to examine primary research for simulation-based education using eye-tracking technology.

The Strengthening of observational studies in epidemiology (STROBE) method was used to evaluate the reliability of the simulation and eye-tracking articles

The key finding from this narrative review highlighted the use of eye-tracking technology as an objective assessment tool in simulation-based education

Eye-tracking technology can pinpoint the exact areas the healthcare provider is gazing upon during a simulated scenario to help focus the debrief and highlight the gaze patterns. Encourage the use of algorithms when delivering simulation-based education.
44 A 3-Week Virtual Observational Clinical Placement for Pre-Registration Physiotherapy Students Using Simulation Teaching and Learning Principles
Authors: Stiger Robyn , Baines Katy , Williams Mark , Pierce Joanna
Published: January 2022

Clinical placement capacity was highly affected by the COVID-19 pandemic. Key issues in January 2021 included: international travel restrictions, high infection rates, reduced clinical educational capacity and the requirement for many individuals to self-isolate for 10 days. A contingency plan was necessary to maintain student progression, enabling them to join the workforce without delay. It was important to ensure that any placement contingency met the required module learning outcomes and standards, centring around non-discriminatory practice and confidentiality, professional and personal behaviours, communication, policies and legislation, health and safety, reflection, evidence of learning, critical incident review and personal development. Given the pressures of lockdown during the pandemic, student experience and well-being was an important consideration.

The aim of the study was to investigate whether the learning outcomes of a clinical placement experience can be met through a virtual observational placement model adopting simulation principles.

The virtual placement experience was led and facilitated by academic faculty staff from Oxford Brookes University who were trained in simulation delivery. It was delivered in partnership with clinicians from Oxford Health NHSFT, Healthshare Oxfordshire, Great Western NHSFT, Warwick Physio & Rehab, the Bosworth Clinic, Oxford University and Oxford University Hospitals NHSFT. The placement lasted 3 weeks, with a week in three core areas (Cardiorespiratory, Musculoskeletal and Neurology).

Eight pre-registration MSc physiotherapy students attended the placement from the outset, increasing to 15 students over the placement period due to student self-isolation requirements. A variety of simulated and real observational opportunities were provided, including live-streamed in-/outpatient face-to-face patient assessments/treatment appointments, community virtual follow-up appointments, pre-recorded assessments/treatment interventions and community-based virtual rehabilitation classes, and patient record keeping. Clinical reasoning discussions were delivered following each observational opportunity, using an advocacy-inquiry debriefing approach by the academic faculty