bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Moral Discourse in A.W. Schlegel, Schiller, Goethe, and Lessing
Authors: Hunnekuhl Philipp
Published: January 2021

Chapter four focuses on Robinson’s five-letter series on German literature, in particular Goethe and Schiller, in the Monthly Register and Encyclopaedian Magazine (1802–03) that accompanied his transmissions of Kantianism to England, as well as his articles on Lessing in the Unitarian Monthly Repository of Theology and General Literature (1806). Read against the backdrop of Robinson’s explications of Kant and informal discussion of August Wilhelm Schlegel, all of these writings emerge as erudite, autonomous attempts at resolving the impasse between aesthetic autonomy and literature’s moral relevance detailed in the preceding chapter. These attempts are further characterized by an experimental oscillation between Kantian and post-Kantian approaches to art, and demonstrate that Robinson was increasingly regarding literary form as those universal parameters that may facilitate moral discourse across national, cultural, and historical gulfs. The letters on German literature, and afterwards the appreciation of the ‘free-thinking spirit and love of humanity’ (Diana Behler) in Lessing’s cosmopolitanism, hence enabled Robinson to establish in terms of practical criticism his ‘ethical turn’ away from notions of full aesthetic autonomy and towards his critical principle of ‘Free Moral Discourse’.
Friedrich Schlegel, Coleridge, and the Ethics of Amathonte
Authors: Hunnekuhl Philipp
Published: January 2021

Chapter seven discusses Robinson’s final attempt at making a living as a professional comparatist, or intercultural ‘literator’, to use his own term – his translation and critical transmission of Christian Leberecht Heyne’s ‘Persian tale’ Amathonte (published by Longman under the title Amatonda in 1811). Amathonte, in all its humour and playfulness characteristic of Heyne, is a scathing satirical attack on the habitual indifference with which one imbibes, from familial and social authorities, motives for decision-making. Robinson, in the preface to his translation, hence praises the book as ‘a picture of moral excellence and domestic felicity’, not least for its abolitionist appeal and advocation of emancipated communal life. This chapter hence argues that Robinson undertook the transmission of the work, encompassing his critical introduction of Friedrich Schlegel to his readers as well as appended samples from Jean Paul, according to his pioneering approach of ‘Free Moral Discourse’. Amathonte subsequently caught the attention of Samuel Taylor Coleridge, who discussed and praised it in a letter to Robinson of March 1811. Chapter seven therefore also recapitulates Robinson’s ‘intimate acquaintance’ with, and ‘enthusiasm for’ (Diana Behler), the critical school of the Schlegel brothers, in particular their Athenaeum.
Maurice
Authors: Fordham Finn
Published: January 2021

As a queer bildungsroman, Maurice has a particular way of managing the relation between the body and the soul. Forster's exploration of the queer relationship between body and soul took place at a time when there was a battle over the nature of the soul, often defensive against materialism: concepts of identity and selfhood were undergoing radical contestations and the word 'soul' is a resonant term in modernist novels. How did emerging discourses, such as those of Havelock Ellis, Edward Carpenter, and many others, about homosexual orientation relate to these contemporary discourses around the self? The chapter focuses on two passages about body and soul, whose textual genesis reveals problems of phrasing, as Forster’s unprecedented investigation of sexuality takes him to the edge of identity. It then examines how certain spaces, such as windows and thresholds, become symbolic zones of transgressive encounters between inner and outer, soul and body. It concludes by showing how Forster avoids drawing up any consistent ‘doctrine’ of body and soul. As a work of fiction in which different visions of the world come into conflict with each other, Maurice is a unique and vital witness of transforming discourses about homosexuality in the early twentieth century.
Maurice without Ending
Authors: Monk Claire
Published: January 2021

During their ongoing lives, both Forster’s Maurice and Merchant Ivory Productions’ 1987 film adaptation have suffered parallel forms of critical dismissal and misrecognition which deny their cultural, political or affective significance. In the twenty-first century, however, such responses are challenged by the enduring and profound impact of both novel and film on readers/audiences, vividly evident in post-2000 Web 2.0 participatory culture. This chapter connects Maurice’s evolution across three phases of its (trans)textual history. First, the palimpsestic history of Maurice ‘the’ novel, shaped by multiple ‘peer reviewers’, divergent manuscripts and protracted textual revisions. Second, the 1987 film adaptation, which was the product of a comparably complicated, contestatory genesis and significant structural reworking. Third, Maurice’s still-unfolding public life as manifested in its twenty-first-century popular reception and further (re-)adaptations, sequels and paratexts, including fanworks. Since 2004, more than 170 Maurice fanfictions have been published online in English alone. These are of interest for the work done by fans in extending Forster’s sexual politics, utopian vision and the Maurice/Alec pairing into ‘the for ever and ever that fiction allows’ and for their solutions to perceived difficulties or limitations within the novel and/or film, conversely prompting reflection on the ‘fannishness’ of Maurice itself.
For Empire, Ulster or Ireland?
Authors: Bowman Timothy , Butler William , Wheatley Michael
Published: January 2021

On the outbreak of the First World War the War Office had hoped to organise recruiting on a traditional, non-sectarian pattern. However, in Ulster, it soon became clear that large numbers of recruits would not be obtained unless special arrangements were made with the Ulster Volunteer Force and, to a lesser extent, Irish National Volunteers. As a result, recruiting in Ulster was firmly politicised, with UVF recruiting meetings held province wide in September 1914 and formed INV recruiting occurring in Belfast, Derry and Enniskillen from November 1914. The recruiting rate amongst Belfast Regiments of the UVF was initially very high, making Belfast recruiting figures some of the highest in the United Kingdom in September 1914. However, recruiting rates in rural Ulster were comparable to those in the rest of rural Ireland. The momentum behind this political recruiting started to flag by the Spring of 1915 and from then until mid-1918 there were few examples of properly concerted recruiting activities. The conscription crisis saw Joseph Devlin, MP, who had firmly encouraged Irish National Volunteers to enlist in the British army in 1914-15, condemning British government policy.
A Divided Kingdom: Comparisons of British and Irish Recruiting
Authors: Bowman Timothy , Butler William , Wheatley Michael
Published: January 2021

This chapter analyses recruiting differences within Ireland and between Britain and Ireland.In recent years, historians have focused on similarities, notably concerning the issue of agricultural recruitment, which was poor across the board. The greater Irish dependence upon agriculture explained much of the gulf between Ireland, Ulster and Britain. Another apparent similarity was the trajectory of enlistment over time, with a 1914 peak followed by substantial decline. Moreover, the geographic, class mould of pre-war recruiting was supposedly broken in both Britain and Ireland. All three arguments are reassessed. Was Ireland transformed, in a sudden, terrible war, into being at one with Britain’s commitment to the war effort, or would the burden of history ensure that her destiny was instead one of disunity?
Conclusion
Authors: Bowman Timothy , Butler William , Wheatley Michael
Published: January 2021

Previous works, notably by David Fitzpatrick, have stressed the concept of a ‘collective sacrifice’ in Ireland during the First World War. However, it is clear that, in Ireland, there was a marked disparity of sacrifice. Disparities are clear between Ulster and the South and West of Ireland, urban and rural Ireland and between Ireland and Great Britain. Much of the recruitment in Ireland was heavily politicised, especially in the opening months of the war, relying on the Irish National Volunteers and Ulster Volunteer Force. While in GB ‘Pals’ units mobilised skilled working class and middle class recruits, remarkably few of these were formed in Ireland. British Dominion Forces contained many of those who could be considered Irish; however, very few, if any, of these men were recruited in Ireland itself. British recruiting propaganda remained amateurish until the Summer of 1918.
Bodies of Men
Authors: McGaughey Jane G.V.
Published: January 2021

This chapter explores what qualities of manliness were valued in Canadian colonial discourse in the first half of the nineteenth century. Evaluations of Irish manliness in Lower and Upper Canada were not only the result of social constructions, but also of people’s emotional reactions to the stories that they heard about Irishmen arriving in their towns, cities, and countryside. Codes of Irish manliness in the Canadas, as elsewhere in the empire, included both dominant and demeaning cultural representations that were the result of only a handful of real experiences and were much more products of fantasy and the ‘wild Irish’ stereotype that had followed them across the ocean. However, these same presumptions were powerful in determining how Irishmen were accepted or rejected as fellow settlers, as well as affecting individual Irishmen’s private thoughts and public actions.
Conclusion
Authors: McGaughey Jane G.V.
Published: January 2021

The conclusion of this book re-examines the thematic interplay between gender, violence, and loyalty in shaping evaluations of Irish manliness and constructions of Irish masculinities in Upper and Lower Canada in the first half of the nineteenth century. It questions why Canadian examples of a gendered Irish Diaspora have not gained as much traction as those from colonial Australia or nineteenth century America. The chapter reasserts how the book as a whole has added to various historiographic and gendered debates and emphasises that using a gendered paradigm in concert with cultural analyses of violence and loyalty can weaken predominant local, national, and imperial myths. It closes by asserting that violent Irishmen very much existed in the Canadas. While they did not represent a majority of their countrymen in the colonies, they did represent important aspects of Irish Canadian masculinities that have been underplayed or ignored in national and diasporic histories.
‘Black Cats and Goblins on Halloween Night’: Halloween and Halloween
Authors: Leeder Murray , Leeder Murray
Published: January 2021

This chapter explains that Halloween is more than simply a setting in John Carpenter's Halloween (1978), but that the film is indeed centrally concerned with the contested meanings of the day when it takes place. The film is a cultural artefact of how Halloween was thought about in the 1970s. In other words, it is not just called Halloween; it is about Halloween. The chapter then studies the history and dangers of Halloween, which traces its roots back to the Celtic harvest festival of Samhain. Halloween is often constructed as a rare time when the anger and discontentment of children, and indeed their capacity for violence, may be demonstrated. The character of Michael Myers is driven by a need to pursue the carnivalesque and violent aspects of Halloween to their violent extremes. It is here where the theme of masking becomes critical. Michael commits his sister Judith's murder wearing a Halloween mask, which reveals his true nature more clearly than his actual face ever could.
A Chestnut, a Grape, and a Pack of Lions
Authors: Katz Daniel S.
Published: January 2021

This chapter examines the life of Solomon Weintraub, also known as Kashtan, who is considered the best documented of all cantors prior to Salomon Sulzer. It explains that the “chestnut” and “grape” represent two of the most famous cantors of the nineteenth century: a father with the nickname Kashtan, which means chestnut and his son, who acquired the family name Weintraub, which means grape. It also confirms that “a pack of lions” refers to a couple of zealous but undisciplined meshorerim and a not especially accomplished local cantor. The chapter recounts how Solomon became famous through his appearances as a touring synagogue singer in communities from Riga to Budapest. It mentions how Solomon's son, Hirsch Weintraub, succeeded him as cantor in Dubno after his death.
Servant Romances
Authors: Lukin Michael
Published: January 2021

This chapter traces “Yiddish servant romances” back to the eighteenth century. It examines the formal characteristics of melodies and texts typical of servant romances and shows how its emergence can be correlated with verbal folklore, various musical genres, social history, and non-Jewish folk poetry. It also explains the term “Yiddish folk songs,” which is often used to refer to the entire complex of both folk and popular songs performed by the Yiddish-speaking population. The chapter uses the designation “Yiddish folk songs” in line with Bogatyrev and Jakobson's theory of crystallization processes in the development of folklore. It points out how the servant romances revolves around unrequited love and are characterized by the fusion of archaic traits with the markers of day-to-day life in the late modern period.
The Jews in the Band
Authors: Holmgren Beth
Published: January 2021

This chapter focuses on the “Anders Army,” which was founded by General Władysław Anders after he was freed from the Lubyanka prison by the Stalinist government. It recounts the Anders administration's special invitations that were issued to touring Polish show troupes that were made up primarily of acculturated Jews in order to form two embedded theatrical revue units. It also speculates on the motives of why the Anders administration decided to spend precious resources on particular Jewish recruits. The chapter draws on the memoirs of performers and soldiers and the articles, reviews, and editorials published in the Polish-language wartime newspapers that was subsidized by the British army. It describes the Jewish recruits that represented the greatest performers of modern Polish popular music and comedy, such as Henryk Wars, Jerzy Petersburski, Henryk Gold, and Alfred Longin Schüt.
Abraham Ellstein’s Film Scores
Authors: Robboy Ronald
Published: January 2021

This chapter examines how Abraham Ellstein came to write the music for such Yiddish films as Yidl mitn fidl, Mamele, and A brivele der mamen. It explains that Ellstein is a New Yorker and the only major Yiddish theatre composer not to have been born in Europe. It also details how he received both a solid traditional Jewish musical preparation as a meshorer and sophisticated training in Western classical music from an early age. The chapter explores the song from Yidl mitn fidl and “Abi gezunt” and “Mazl” from Mamele, which are among Ellstein's most famous works and remain among the best known of the entire Yiddish theatrical repertoire. It analyzes how Ellstein's extensive underscoring serves as an indispensable frame for how action is to be seen and understood, providing subtext and interpretative cues for mood and atmosphere, for setting, for characterizations, and for characters' emotions and states of mind.
The ‘Lust Machine’
Authors: Loeffler James
Published: January 2021

This chapter investigates the role of the gramophone in the development of the Jewish national idea through the propagation of specifically Jewish forms of composition. It talks about Pinkhas Minkovsky, who published a book in order to warn the dangers of the “lust machine” or gramophone that constituted a “pornographic” response to the ills of modernity and a threat to the Jewish people. It also mentions Wolf Isserlin and his brother Mordkhe who turned into gramophone entrepreneurs and opened their own gramophone factory. The chapter investigates why Minkovsky opposed the gramophone while Isserlin staked his career on it. It explains that Minkovsky feared the desecration of Judaism and believed Jewish music was sacred, while Isserlin considered the gramophone as a secular commodity and rushed to commercialize it.
The Nazi Confiscation of Wanda Landowska’s Musical Collection and Its Aftermath
Authors: Shapreau Carla
Published: January 2021

This chapter discusses the Nazis' confiscation of Wanda Landowska's musical collection and how it was partly recovered after the war. It recounts Landowska's career before the Germans invaded France in May 1940 and describes her as an internationally renowned harpsichord and piano soloist and an accomplished scholar, writer, teacher, and composer. It also highlights Landowska's extensive music library, which included manuscripts, rare printed music, books, and an impressive antique musical instrument collection. The chapter recounts how the Nazis plundered Landowski's musical treasures in September 1940 after Landowska fled her home and music school at 88 rue de Pontoise, Saint-Leu-la-Forêt. It describes Landowska's library that contained approximately 10,000 objects, which reflected Landowska's intellectual and aesthetic sensibilities, her eclectic interests, and to some extent her heritage.
Music as a ‘Paper Bridge’ between Generations before and after the Holocaust
Authors: Szwarcman-Czarnota Bella
Published: January 2021

This chapter examines how music produced in Vilna before the war provided a bridge to the post-war Jewish generation in Poland. It analyzes the poem written by Kadya Molodowsky in 1942 about the bridge that ordinary people build with honest hands and in pureness of heart. It mentions the Jew's use of the word khurbn for the Holocaust, which is the same term used to describe the destruction of the First and Second Temples. The chapter focuses on performing artists and musicians from Vilna that aim to develop performance skills that are linked to general European music, which can be seen as an expression of post-Haskalah tendencies. It talks about Rafael Rubinstein, who became a director of the reactivated music institute in Russia and returned to Vilna after the Bolshevik revolution in order to aid the Jewish Music Institute.
The Klezmer Revival in Poland as a Contact Zone
Authors: Waligórska Magdalena
Published: January 2021

This chapter analyzes the general phenomenon of the revival of klezmer. It explains the klezmer revival as the most visible and controversial aspects of the popular surge of interest in the Jewish past, traditions, and heritage that unfolded over the last two decades in post-Holocaust and post-communist eastern Europe. It also mentions the various scholars that labelled the klezmer revival in different degrees of scepticism, such as “Jewish space,” “virtual Jewishness,” “redemptive cosmopolitanism,” or “post-Jewish culture.” The chapter discusses the Jewish heritage revival in Poland that addresses the lack of spiritual intensity in modern society. It notes the new surge of philosemitism in Polish cultural production that is merely a new incarnation of antisemitism and has a harmful or violent aspect.
Base but See It
Authors: Conterio Martyn
Published: January 2021

This introductory chapter provides an overview of George Miller's Mad Max (1979). Mad Max is a freak picture with a fetish for fast-moving machines and the white-knuckle buzz of action cinema. It is also a dystopian narrative set one second before the great apocalyptic kaboom. In press interviews at the time, Miller specifically talked up Mad Max as a horror film. Mad Max displays an astonishing unity between character, narrative, theme, and environment. For liminality binds the film thematically, narratively and environmentally. A hero figure is in transition, society is in transition, and the land is in transition. In Mad Max, the world might be on the cusp of the gravest catastrophe, but one sees people still going about their lives. The chapter then looks at the criticisms on Mad Max.
Blood and Black Lace
Authors: Curti Roberto
Published: January 2021

Mario Bava's Blood and Black Lace (1964) is a legendary title, and is commonly considered as the archetypal giallo. A murder mystery about a faceless and menacing killer stalking the premises of a luxurious fashion house in Rome, Blood and Black Lace set the rules for the genre: a masked, black-gloved killer, an emphasis on graphic violence, elaborate and suspenseful murder sequences. But Blood and Black Lace is first and foremost an exquisitely stylish film, full of gorgeous color schemes, elegant camerawork, and surrealistic imagery, testimony of Bava's mastery and his status as an innovator within popular cinema. This book recollects Blood and Black Lace's production history, putting it within the context of the Italian film industry of the period and includes plenty of previously unheard-of data. It analyzes the film's main narrative and stylistic aspects, including the groundbreaking prominence of violence and sadism and its use of color and lighting, as well as Bava's irreverent approach to genre filmmaking and clever handling of the audience's expectations by way of irony and pitch-black humor. The book also analyzes Blood and Black Lace's place within Bava's oeuvre, its historical impact on the giallo genre, and its influential status on future filmmakers.
Something To Do With Women, Something To Do With Death
Authors: Curti Roberto , Curti Roberto
Published: January 2021

This chapter highlights diverse influences that resulted in the film Blood and Black Lace (6 donne per l'assassino). It explains how Mario Bava and his co-scriptwriters expunged all traces of humour from the story, eliminating the annoying comic interludes that plagued the film La ragazza che sapeva troppo. It also investigates how the makers of Blood and Black Lace drew from other sources and enhanced the Gothic mood that characterised the Edgar Wallace Krimis cycle. The chapter describes the ways in which violence in films is directed towards the female body, such as the opening sequence of the film La maschera del demonio where the character Asa is tortured with the titular spiked mask and burned at the stake. It discusses how horror underlined a radical change in the erotic imagery of the average Italian.
Introduction: “Rash-Fresh, Re-Winded, New-Skeinèd Score”
Authors: Westover Daniel
Published: January 2021

Hopkins is the “consummate incendiary,” the fire-starter of much twentieth and twenty-first-century poetry and a much more significant influence than has previously been acknowledged. Hopkins's still-burning fires ignited the imaginations of early Modernist writers, later twentieth-century poets, contemporary American writing, and modern Caribbean poetry. Hopkins’s "enduring newness" (his linguistic innovations, his metaphysical insights) continually breaks forth in new contexts and with new and surprising meanings.
Discography
Authors: Dressler John C.
Published: January 2021

This section includes all known commercial and archival recordings whether or not currently accessible. Dates given are those stamped on the disc or tape label by the manufacturer. Titles of works are as they appear on the disc, which may be somewhat different from those in the Works and Performances listing. Each entry is cross-referenced to any record reviews that appear in the Selected Bibliography section. The commercial recordings are arranged alphabetically by label; the archival recordings are arranged by library or institution of holding by self-number.
The Green World
Authors: Bacigalupo Massimo
Published: January 2021

In September 1943 Pound travelled by foot and other means from Rome to the Tyrol. He often referred to this journey through a country in disarray as an epic experience of people and natural landscapes. This chapter considers Pound’s fascination with nature and vegetation and his insistence on memory of privileged moments of communion with places, a sentiment comparable to Hemingway’s fondness for recollections of cities, landscapes and people.
End to Torment?— E.P., H.D., and La Martinelli
Authors: Bacigalupo Massimo
Published: January 2021

H.D.’s memoir of Ezra Pound, End to Torment, written late in her life, was published posthumously with omissions and changes to the text for legal reasons. This chapter reconstructs the work’s genesis, quotes suppressed passages, and considers the correspondence surrounding it, especially the moving and revealing letters Pound wrote H.D. after reading it.
America vs. Italy in the Posthumous Cantos
Authors: Bacigalupo Massimo
Published: January 2021

Posthumous Cantos is an edited selection of drafts of Cantos, 1917-1972, published in 2001. It contains notable passages and allows the reader to follow in brief the evolution of the great poem over decades of literary, social, and personal upheaval. This chapter discusses the genesis of this selection and comments on significant passages that illuminate and add to Pound’s poem as published.
A Space of “unwonted liberty and pleasure”
Authors: Willis Louise
Published: January 2021

Gardening and botany emerged as independent and stimulating pursuits permitted, and even encouraged, for women, in the nineteenth century. Drawing on the cultural history of these pursuits, this paper examines how Charlotte Brontë uses gardens as critical sites in the Bildungsromans of Jane Eyre and Lucy Snowe. I argue that corresponding to this culture, and given the restricted locations in which the traditional female Bildungsroman may play out, Brontë’s gardens function as sites of liberation and self-discovery and are a fundamental part of the heroines’ journey into adulthood. They become crucial places for communication, courtship, and power relations, and of escape, sanctuary and introspection; public yet private spaces in which young women might negotiate and discover an empowered self. Critics have tended to treat gardens in the Brontë novels as Edenic, or as having pedagogical or moral associations. But taking an ecofeminist approach, particularly drawing on Stacy Alaimo’s work on trans-corporeality, I argue that Charlotte Brontë actively interrogates the relationship between Victorian ideologies of nature and the construction of female selfhood. Brontë valorizes the natural environment that was being eroded and exploited, appropriating gardens as a feminine territory that sustains and enriches the individual, albeit within the safe bounds of the domestic sphere.
Toward A Political Ecology in Lydia Maria Child’s “Chocorua’s Curse”
Authors: West Lisa
Published: January 2021

“Chocorua's Curse,” Lydia Maria Child's retelling of a White Mountain legend, found its way into middle class Boston homes through its publication in the 1830 gift book, The Token, accompanied by an engraving based on a Thomas Cole painting. Child's short sketch contrasts with typical iterations of the tale—and with the several paintings of the dramatic pyramidal peak by Cole—by its inclusion of homes spaces, a female figure, and a sense of the landscape as a watershed and not merely the iconic mountain peak. In addition, using ideas about household economy, educational transmission, and sympathy, Child prefigures ways of writing about the ecological flow of energy and materials through systems that include human and nonhuman entities. With this reading, the poison intended for a “troublesome” fox is an essential part of the subsequent chain of revenge killings and doubles with the final curse on the waters. Using the trope of sympathetic transmission, I argue that Child anticipates ecological thinking through a gendered lens. Material and emotional energy move through human and nonhuman entities, and mindful consideration can perhaps thwart the disaster caused by the men who, as critics have noted, seem disengaged from larger social systems.
Ling Shuhua and Virginia Woolf
Authors: Meng Deyan
Published: January 2021

During 1938-1939, Virginia Woolf and the Chinese writer and painter Ling Shuhua engaged in frequent correspondence, which gave them the opportunity to confide to each other their shared sense of bereavement, as well as their respective anxieties over recent historical events in China, Europe, and Japan. Ling’s novel, Ancient Melodies, published by the Hogarth Press in 1953, exemplifies the idea of female solidarity and pacifism, opposing the rapid growth of international militarisation world-wide. This chapter elucidates the nexus between Woolf and Shuhua by juxtaposing their works, The Years (1937) and Ancient Melodies (1938). It shows that both women turn back to family, childhood and tradition to explore their cultural heritages to voice out distinctive female reflections on their respective cultures.
Fabriquer un « dangereux ennemi terroriste » : une étude de cas suisse sur les implications d’une prophétie
Authors: Ajil Ahmed , Jendly Manon
Published: January 2021

Cet article analyse le cas de Sami, un demandeur d’asile irakien condamné en Suisse pour appartenance présumée au groupe « État islamique » (EI). Sur la base de documents judiciaires, cliniques et administratifs ainsi que d’entretiens approfondis avec les personnes concernées, il analyse comment peut progressivement se cimenter l’image d’un dangereux terroriste de l’EI et en discute les principaux enseignements qui peuvent en être tirés pour notre compréhension des dysfonctionnements du système pénal ( miscarriages of justice ) et notre engagement en tant que chercheurs avec le phénomène dit « terroriste ».
L’insécurité linguistique : du processus de biographisation à l’émergence du transclasse
Authors: Moussion Frédéric
Published: January 2021

La complexité générée par notre « société du risque » (Beck, 2001) a engendré une mise à l’épreuve permanente des individus, ces derniers étant désormais en proie à une insécurité chronique. À l’heure où les injonctions à la « responsabilisation » font florès, où les individus, soumis à un « impératif biographique » sont sommés d’être ou de devenir « maîtres et possesseurs de l’histoire de leur vie » (Delory-Momberger, 2003, p. 51), nous souhaitons, à travers cet article, tenter d’aborder sous un angle foncièrement différent, la réflexion sur la notion d’insécurité linguistique, en considérant qu’elle ne peut être envisagée comme allant de soi, mais qu’elle se doit d’être questionnée, voire éventuellement redéfinie, à l’aune des processus de biographisation. Nous émettons ainsi l’hypothèse que cette « insécurité agie » (Moreau, 1997), se doit de prendre en compte les écarts vis-à-vis des normes, à travers des phénomènes que nous qualifions d’hypocorrection, ces derniers demeurant la quintessence de la figure du transclasse (Jaquet, 2014).
L’autoprésentation dans l’écriture
Authors: Chiantaretto Jean-François
Published: January 2021

Pour se voir dans les mots, pour se voir être vu dans les mots, pour investir sa présentation dans les mots, pour se trouver dans les mots, il faut pouvoir tolérer de s’y perdre. Tel est tout l’enjeu des écritures de soi.
Trajectoire biographique et processus émancipatoires en addictologie
Authors: Dutilleul Brandon
Published: January 2021

Cet article vise à rendre compte d’une partie de notre travail de recherche doctorale concernant l’exploration des soubassements biographiques qui s’opèrent entre aliénation et émancipation en addictologie. Nous verrons que les parcours de vie des personnes présentant des conduites de dépendance vis-à-vis d’une ou de plusieurs substances psychoactives se dessinent dans un ensemble complexe de paradoxes. Cette complexité nécessite le développement de méthodes de recherche permettant de donner à voir la place de l’être humain responsable et réflexif, autrement dit la place du sujet et de sa biographie dans les conduites addictives.
Se raconter en mots et en images dans la grande dépendance : le livret d’identité en Ehpad
Authors: Strauss Yann
Published: January 2021

Alors que l’espoir de vivre bien et vieux n’a jamais été aussi grand, pour un grand nombre, le désespoir serait de vivre la grande dépendance. Pourtant certains n’ont pas le choix : quand les maladies chroniques s’installent, qu’une chute fait rupture, que la tête ne suit plus, c’est un tournant de vie (Lesourd, 2009) et, rapidement, l’exclusion de la société pour une inclusion en institution gériatrique. Comment des personnes âgées polydépendantes peuvent vivre cette « inhumaine condition » (Malherbe, 2015), dans une « institution totalisante » (Goffman, 1968) ? C’est la problématique soulevée dans cet article. À partir d’une étude qualitative compréhensive conduite selon la méthodologie de la clinique dialogique développée par M. Lani-Bayle et d’une recherche-action que nous avons menée, nous apportons quelques réponses. Le récit de vie est une possibilité, il peut être complété par des créations artistiques, le tout encré sur un support papier : les livrets d’identité réalisés dans le cadre d’ateliers individuels et collectifs qui sont aussi vecteurs de socialisation. Ils redonnent sens à l’humain vulnérable, lui redonnent de l’estime de soi et contribuent à modifier le regard de l’autre qu’il soit voisin de chambre, soignant ou simple visiteur.
Expériences d’exclusion et stratégies adaptatives : récits d’un sujet « handicapé »
Authors: Paniago Rocha Leonor , Barbosa de Freitas Reis Marlene
Published: January 2021

Cette contribution a pour objet de présenter les récits de son parcours scolaire, des épreuves traversées à l’école et dans la société et des ressentis éprouvés par un homme aujourd’hui âgé de 54 ans, handicapé visuel depuis l’âge scolaire, actuellement professeur dans l’enseignement supérieur. L’étude réalisée à partir de ces récits rend compte et analyse les expériences de vie d’une personne en situation de handicap, en indiquant, notamment, les stratégies d’adaptation mises en place pour surmonter les contraintes et les stigmatisations en lien avec le handicap. Elle permet également de réinterroger les politiques inclusives en vigueur dans la société brésilienne.
Petite anthropologie des bonnets de bébé
Authors: Mestre Claire
Published: January 2021

Offrir un bonnet au bébé fait plaisir aux parents et protège la tête du bébé sous tous les climats. Ce vêtement est probablement le plus constant dans les pratiques culturelles de l’habillement du bébé et s’inscrit également dans une tradition. Aujourd’hui on ne le met plus pour protéger l’enfant du monde invisible, mais le protéger du chaud comme du froid, et ce couvre-chef en accompagne d’autres comme le casque.
Les communicants : des professionnels de la réputation engagés dans la fabrique de l’agence d’architecture
Authors: Darrieus Margaux
Published: January 2021

Les professionnels de la communication promotionnelle sont peu visibles à l’intérieur du champ de l’architecture, pourtant leur influence est incontestable. Évoluant hors et dans l’agence d’architecture, en tant que prestataires de services ou salariés, ils épaulent les architectes dans la construction de leur réputation et de celle de leur entreprise, dans la construction des images, des imaginaires et des discours associés à leur nom. Ils réalisent pour eux portfolio, sites internet et ouvrages monographiques, organisent des visites de leurs dernières livraisons pour les rédacteurs des revues spécialisées et des rencontres privilégiées avec de potentiels maîtres d’ouvrage. Seule une approche qualitative semble permettre d’approcher ces intermédiaires discrets, jusque-là peu étudiés. À partir d’une expérience d’observation participante au long cours au sein d’une rédaction de revue spécialisée, ainsi que d’une série d’entretiens semi-directifs, cet article explore les trajectoires et les pratiques de ces acteurs qui gravitent autour des architectes, construisant leur positionnement et celui de leur entreprise sur le marché de l’architecture, facilitant leur accès à la commande et approchant de près la fabrique du projet.
Entre ethos professionnel et logiques d’entreprises : La recherche et l’innovation dans les agences d’architecture
Authors: Guenot Mélanie
Published: January 2021

Encouragés par une politique publique, incitative et de réforme, les dirigeants d’agences montrent un intérêt certain pour l’intégration de pratiques de recherche ou d’innovation dans leurs structures. Cependant, les dispositifs de droit commun ouverts aux agences d’architecture et prévus pour valoriser la recherche et l’innovation sont jugés insuffisamment investis par le champ de l’architecture (CIR, CII, CIFRE). Pour participer à la compréhension de ce phénomène, nous interrogeons les manières dont les architectes dirigeants appréhendent ces notions, les pratiques qu’ils leur associent et leur possible intégration au sein des structures. Nous avons pu vérifier ainsi la dualité à laquelle ils se confrontent : penser l’évolution des pratiques professionnelles et des structures qui les accueillent en réponse aux multiples défis auxquels est confronté le champ de l’architecture, tout en respectant les codes, valeurs et normes hérités d’une profession libérale.
Les agences d’architecture françaises à l’ère du BIM : contradictions, pratiques, réactions et perspectives
Authors: Hochscheid Elodie , Halin Gilles
Published: January 2021

Le Building Information Model/Modeling/Management (BIM) cristallise aujourd’hui de nombreuses attentes et craintes dans le secteur de l’architecture. Certains associent au BIM la fin du « fonctionnement artisanal » des agences, voire la fin des missions des architectes. D’autres y voient une opportunité de consolider le rôle de l’architecte dans le projet. Mais qu’en est-il ? Comment les agences d’architecture se positionnent-elles par rapport au BIM ? Va-t-il transformer le secteur de l’architecture, l’organisation du travail et la définition de la profession d’architecte ? Les auteurs proposent d’aborder ces questions de manière dépassionnée sous deux angles principaux. Le premier est un angle historique et consiste à étudier les trajectoires passées de la profession d’architecte d’une part, et celle des outils de dessin ou conception assistée par ordinateur d’autre part. Le second est un angle quantitatif : les auteurs restituent une enquête par questionnaire qui a permis de dégager des tendances sur l’appropriation du BIM par les architectes. La combinaison de ces deux approches permet d’esquisser une analyse prospective sur l’impact de sa diffusion sur la profession et sur les agences d’architecture.
Athletic Training Employment in US Secondary Schools by Geographic Setting and School Size
Authors: Suzuki-Yamanaka Miwako , Huggins Robert A. , Armstrong Kirk J. , Coleman Kelly A. , Casa Douglas J. , Kaneoka Koji
Published: January 2021

Context

The Athletic Training Locations and Services (ATLAS) Annual Report suggested that athletic trainer (AT) employment status differed based on geographic locale. However, the influence of geographic locale and school size on AT employment is unknown.

Objective

To determine if differences existed in the odds of having AT services by locale for public and private schools and by student enrollment for public schools.

Design

Cross-sectional study.

Setting

Public and private secondary schools with athletics programs.

Patients or Other Participants

Data from 20 078 US public and private secondary schools were obtained.

Main Outcome Measures(s)

Data were collected by the ATLAS Project. Athletic trainer employment status, locale (city, suburban, town, or rural) for public and private schools, and school size category (large, moderate, medium, or small) only for public schools were obtained. The employment status of ATs was examined for each category using odds ratios. Logistic regression analysis produced a prediction model.

Results

Of the 19 918 public and private schools with available AT employment status and locale, suburban schools had the highest access to AT services (80.1%) with increased odds compared with rural schools (odds ratio = 3.55 [95% CI = 3.28, 3.85]). Of 15 850 public schools with known AT employment status and student enrollment, large schools had the highest rate of AT services (92.1%) with nearly 18.5 times greater odds (odds ratio = 18.49 [95% CI = 16.20, 21.08]) versus small schools. The logistic model demonstrated that the odds of access to an AT increased by 2.883 times as the school size went up by 1 category.

Conclusions

Nationally, suburban schools and large public schools had the greatest access to AT services compared with schools that were in more remote areas and with lower student enrollment. These findings elucidate the geographic locales and student enrollment levels with the highest prevalence of AT services.
A Standardized Buffalo Concussion Treadmill Test After Sport-Related Concussion in Youth: Do ActiGraph Algorithms Matter?
Authors: Morrison Heidi R. , Miutz Lauren N. , Emery Carolyn A. , Smirl Jonathan D.
Published: January 2021

Context

Current guidelines for recovery after sport-related concussion (SRC) recommend 24 to 48 hours of rest, followed by a gradual return to activity with heart rate (HR) maintained below the symptom threshold. In addition, monitoring physical activity (PA) after SRC using ActiGraph accelerometers can provide further objective insight into the amounts of activity associated with recovery trajectories. Cutpoint algorithms for these devices allow minute-by-minute PA to be classified into intensity domains; however, researchers have shown that different algorithms used to evaluate the same healthy participant dataset can produce various classifications.

Objective

To identify the more physiologically appropriate cutpoint algorithm (Evenson or Romanzini) to analyze ActiGraph data among concussed adolescents in comparison with their HR responses on the Buffalo Concussion Treadmill Test (BCTT).

Design

Prospective cohort study.

Setting

University sport concussion clinic.

Patients or Other Participants

Eleven high school students (5 boys, 6 girls; median [range] age = 16 years [15–17 years], height = 177.8 cm [157.5–198.1 cm], mass = 67 kg [52–98 kg], body mass index = 22 [17–31]) involved in high-risk sports who sustained a physician-diagnosed SRC.

Main Outcome Measure(s)

Evenson and Romanzini algorithm PA intensity domains via ActiGraph data and HR during the BCTT.

Results

We observed differences in PA time classified as moderate (P = .003) and vigorous (P = .004) intensities between algorithms but no difference in PA time classified as light intensity (P = .48). The Evenson algorithm classified most of the time as moderate-intensity PA (mean = 57.03%, range = 0.00%–94.12%), whereas the Romanzini algorithm classified virtually all PA as vigorous intensity (mean = 88.25%, range = 2.94%–97.06%]). Physical activity based on HR (stages 1–7 = 20%–39% HR reserve [HRR], stages 8–13 = 40%–59% HRR, stages ≥14 = 60%–85% HRR) indicated the BCTT primarily involved light to moderate intensity and, therefore, was better represented by the Evenson algorithm.

Conclusions

The Evenson algorithm better characterized the HR response during a standardized exercise test in concussed individuals and, thus, should be used to analyze ActiGraph PA data in pediatric populations with concussion.
Probiotic Supplementation and Respiratory Infection and Immune Function in Athletes: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials
Authors: Łagowska Karolina , Bajerska Joanna
Published: January 2021

Objective

To evaluate the effectiveness of probiotic supplementation on upper respiratory tract infection (URTI) and inflammatory markers in elite athletes.

Data Sources

We searched the PubMed, EBSCOhost, Scopus, and Web of Science databases using the following terms: probiotic OR probiotics AND exercise OR sport OR athletes AND URTI OR respiratory infection OR URTIs OR inflammation OR inflammatory OR cytokines.

Study Selection

We screened the titles and abstracts of 2498 articles using our inclusion criteria. A total of 14 articles were selected for further analysis.

Data Extraction

For each study, 2 independent reviewers extracted the study design, participant characteristics, inclusion and exclusion criteria, intervention characteristics, outcome measures, and main results.

Data Synthesis

We did not observe an effect of probiotic supplementation on the number of days of illness or the mean number or duration of URTI episodes but did note an effect of probiotic supplementation on the total symptom severity score (−0.65; 95% CI = −1.05, −0.25; P = .02). Lower levels of interleukin 6 (−2.52 pg/mL; 95% CI = −4.39, −0.66 pg/mL; P = .002) and tumor necrosis factor α (−2.31 pg/mL; 95% CI = −4.12, −0.51 pg/mL; P = .01) were also reported after supplementation.

Conclusions

This meta-analysis provides evidence that probiotic supplementation, especially among professional athletes, is an effective way to decrease the total URTI symptom severity score. In addition, probiotic supplementation may decrease interleukin 6 and tumor necrosis factor α levels. More studies involving larger groups are needed to better assess this effect. The optimal timing, duration, composition, and dose of such supplementation need to be determined.
Spectrum of chest CT manifestations of coronavirus disease (COVID-19): A pictorial essay
Authors: Parry Arshed H , Wani Haseeb A , Choh Naseer A , Shah Naveed N , Jehangir Majid
Published: January 2021

Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is an infectious disease caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), which is an enveloped single-stranded RNA virus belonging to the family of betacoronaviruses. Chest computed tomography (CT) has helped us in understanding this new disease. Typical CT features of COVID-19 pneumonia are ground-glass opacities (GGO), crazy paving pattern and GGO with superimposed consolidation with a basal, posterior and peripheral lung predilection. Less commonly bronchial wall thickening, bronchial dilatation and pleural thickening are seen. Presence of pleural effusion, pericardial effusion and mediastinal lymphadenopathy is seen in severe cases. Reticulations, fibrous stripes, reverse halo sign and perilobular opacities are seen late (>2 weeks) in the course of illness. We aim to present a pictorial review of CT imaging findings in COVID-19 to illustrate the typical and atypical manifestations of this disease in a bid to familiarize radiologists with the myriad imaging manifestations of this disease.
Financial impact of COVID-19 on radiology practice in India
Authors: Ahuja Gauri , Verma Mitusha , Patkar Deepak
Published: January 2021

The COVID-19 pandemic will have serious financial effects on the healthcare sector business. There will be significant short-term and long-term effects of this on Radiology services throughout the country. Various social distancing measures undertaken by the government will bring larger economic hurdles with them. An attempt to achieve COVID-19 preparedness by hospitals has led to a significant decline in patient footfall and in turn imaging volumes. Despite relief measures provided by the government like providing a moratorium on EMIs of all outstanding loans for a specified period and allocating funds toward reinforcing healthcare infrastructure, the effects of this pandemic will leave the radiology business in a crippled state, in the foreseeable future. Radiology practices have seen a significant impact on business to the extent of almost 60%–70% reduction in imaging volumes and this will be the case for the next few months to come. Administrators and radiologists should proactively take measures to device strategies and plans to tide over this crisis. Eventually, this pandemic will end, and life will have a “New Normal.” Medical aid that is being deferred today will be sought out later. Alternate means of reporting like teleradiology and artificial intelligence should be strongly pursued and providing education regarding these to their staff and the younger generation of radiologists should be of prime concern.