bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
CONSTRUCTION OF MECHANICAL MODEL OF THE DIESEL-TRAIN DTKr-2 CAR AND ITS FEATURES
Authors: A. Y. Kuzyshyn  , А. V. Batig
Published: April 2018

Purpose.The article is aimed to construct the mechanical model of the diesel train DTKr-2 of the Kryukivsk Railway Car Building Works based on the analysis of undercarriage construction. This model will be used in the study of dynamic properties of the vehicle. When constructing the model the design features and its loading methods should be displayed as much as possible. Methodology. When constructing the mechanical model of the diesel train DTKr-2 car, the pneumatic spring, which is the main element of the central spring suspension, was modeled using Kelvin-Voigt node. This node includes elastic and viscous element. Hydraulic shock absorbers that are used both in the central and axle-box spring suspension were modeled as a viscous element. During research, the rigidity of the pneumatic spring, which is associated with the change in its effective area under deformation, was assumed to be zero. Findings. This article analyzed the design of car undercarriage of the diesel train DTKr-2. The mathematical models of its main units were presented, namely, in the central spring suspension – the model of pneumatic spring. Taking into account the peculiarities of design of the diesel train DTKr-2 undercarriage it was developed its mechanical model, which will be used in the future when studying dynamic properties. Originality.For the first time for the diesel train DTKr-2 car it was developed its mechanical model taking into account the features of the interaction of individual elements of its design. It has been proposed as a pneumatic spring to use the Kelvin-Voigt node, which includes parallel arranged elastic and viscous elements. Practical value. On the basis of the proposed mechanical model, a system of ordinary differential equations of car undercarriage movement of the diesel train DTKr-2 (mathematical model) will be compiled. This model is further planned to be used when studying dynamic interaction of the diesel train car undercarriage wheel set with a track in the straight and curved track sections.
TERRITORIAL RISK ASSESMENT AFTER TERRORIST ACT: EXPRESS MODEL
Authors: M. M. Biliaiev  , I. V. Kalashnikov  , V. A. Kozachyna
Published: April 2018

Purpose. The paper involves the development of a method to assess the territorial risk in the event of a terrorist attack using a chemical agent. Methodology. To describe the process of chemical agent scattering in the atmosphere, ejected in the event of a terrorist attack, the equation of mass transfer of an impurity in atmospheric air is used. The equation takes into account the velocity of the wind flow, atmospheric diffusion, the intensity of chemical agent emission, the presence of buildings near the site of the emission of a chemically hazardous substance. For numerical integration of the modeling equation, a finite difference method is used. A feature of the developed numerical model is the possibility of assessing the territorial risk in the event of a terrorist attack under different weather conditions and the presence of buildings. Findings. A specialized numerical model and software package has been developed that can be used to assess the territorial risk, both in the case of terrorist attacks, with the use of chemical agents, and in case of extreme situations at chemically hazardous facilities and transport. The method can be implemented on small and medium-sized computers, which allows it to be widely used for solving the problems of the class under consideration. The results of a computational experiment are presented that allow estimating possibilities of the proposed method for assessing the territorial risk in the event of a terrorist attack using a chemical agent. Originality. An effective method of assessing the territorial risk in the event of a terrorist attack using a chemically hazardous substance is proposed. The method can be used to assess the territorial risk in an urban environment, which allows you to obtain adequate data on possible damage areas. The method is based on the numerical integration of the fundamental mass transfer equation, which expresses the law of conservation of mass in a liquid medium. Practical value. The proposed method for assessing the territorial risk in the event of a terrorist attack using a chemical agent can be used to calculate the affected areas near administrative buildings, centers and other socially significant facilities.
A study on effects of leaf and root characteristics on plant root water uptake
Authors: Ng C. W. W. , Wang Z. J. , Leung A. K. , Ni J. J.
Published: April 2018

Water uptake intensity (WUI), which depicts the relationship between the rate of plant root water uptake per unit soil volume and soil matric suction, has been commonly used to analyse the transpiration-induced soil hydrological changes in civil infrastructure. However, the effects of plant characteristics on WUI are not clear, causing difficulties when estimating the effects of vegetation on soil moisture/suction changes. The aim of this study is to examine any correlations between plant characteristics and WUIs. Changes in suction and volumetric water content due to transpiration of eight tree individuals (Schefflera heptaphylla) vegetated in compacted silty sand were monitored to estimate the distribution of WUI within the root zone. Results show that the WUI remains a maximum and constant when suction is less than a threshold value of suction, beyond which the WUI decreases approximately linearly. The threshold suction is similar within the root zone of each tree individual, but it has a negative correlation with the ratio of leaf area (LA) and root length (RL). The reduction rate of WUI is positively correlated with root length density (RLD). This suggests that plants with a lower LA/RL ratio and lower RLD may be more capable of maintaining their water uptake ability, as high suction is induced.
Empirical approach based on centrifuge testing for cyclic deformations of laterally loaded piles in sand
Authors: Truong P. , Lehane B. M. , Zania V. , Klinkvort R. T.
Published: April 2018

A systematic study into the response of monopiles to lateral cyclic loading in medium dense and dense sand was performed in beam and drum centrifuge tests. The centrifuge tests were carried out at different cyclic load and magnitude ratios, while the cyclic load sequence was also varied. The instrumentation on the piles provides fresh insights into the ongoing development of net stresses, bending moments and deflections as cycling progresses. Parallels between the test results and corresponding cyclic triaxial tests are drawn. The paper combines the results from this study with those from previous experimental investigations to provide empirical design recommendations for monopiles subjected to unidirectional cyclic loading.
On the behaviour of mid-connection in off-centre bracing system
Authors: Yazdi Hassanali Mosalman , Ramli Sulong Nor Hafizah
Published: April 2018

This paper presents theoretical and experimental investigations on the behaviour of mid-connections in an off-centre bracing system. This braced system is preferred by architects because of the eccentricity introduced by the diagonal brace members, which allows a wider area of opening in the frame panel. Assumptions when designing the system in two dimensions has led to severe damage of structures based on observations of the recent Bam earthquake. In this regard, the assumption of mid-connection of the brace elements has a significant effect on the behaviour, stability and lateral buckling load resistance of the system. In order to investigate the effect of mid-connection types on the behaviour of the system, two possible implementations of this connection were considered. Based on the slope–deflection method and equilibrium equation at the connection point, the stiffness matrix was obtained to calculate the lateral buckling load of the system. In addition, to validate the theoretical calculation and practical consideration of the system, two frames of one-third scale were fabricated and tested. A good agreement between the experimental results and the theoretical calculations was obtained.
Fat and protein content in Turkish hazelnut (Corylus colurna L.) in Kastamonu province
Authors: Ayan Sezgin , Ünalan Erkan , İslam Ali , Sakıcı Oytun Emre , Yer Esra Nurten
Published: April 2018

Turkish hazelnut (Corylus colurna L.), the mother land and natural spreading area of which is Anatolia, is one of the important hazelnut species in Turkey. Moreover, thanks to its adaptation capability to extreme climate and poor soils conditions, it is a forest tree species playing a key role in climate change scenarios. Turkish hazelnut, a Euro-Siberian flora element in Turkey, is a taxon present in the ''Low Risk'' category according to the IUCN Red List. Turkish hazelnut which spreads disorderly-partially and in an isolated way in small stands, groups, clusters as individuals, has the most intense spreading in the Northwestern Anatolian forests in Anatolia. The fruits of the Turkish hazelnuts are being utilized as a valuable traditional medicinal herbal product in different regions of the world. This paper aims to identify and to compare the fat and protein composition of Turkish hazelnut kernels among and within four populations (Ağlı-Tunuslar, Ağlı-Müsellimler, Araç-Güzlük and Tosya-Küçüksekiler) in Kastamonu region. According to the results of the study; the mean values of fat and protein content were found to be 62.78% and 16.32% respectively. In terms of protein values, significant differences were identified among the populations. However, there were no significant differences among the populations regarding the fat values. The highest median value of the protein was found in Ağlı-Tunuslar with a rate of 18.43%. There is no variation within populations as to fat and protein values. The study suggests that similar studies be continued in detail based on different ecological conditions and genotypes.
Dengue virus type 1 (DENV-1) TaqMan (DENV1-TM2017) assay v2
Authors: M Mackay Ian , A Northill Judy
Published: April 2018

This protocol was designed and developed at this laboratory. The assay specifically targets the 3' UTR region of DENV-1 and is designed as a qualitative screening test for human cases of DENV-1 infection, but not other known DENVs.
Dengue virus type 3 (DENV-3) TaqMan (DENV3-TM2017) assay v1
Authors: M Mackay Ian , A Northill Judy
Published: April 2018

This protocol was designed and developed at this laboratory. The assay specifically targets the 3' UTR region of DENV-3 strains and is designed as a qualitative screening test for human cases of DENV-3 infection, but not for infection due to other known DENVs.
Spinoza Centre REC Monthly Quality Control v1
Authors: Snoek Lukas , Scholte H.steven , Beemsterboer Tinka
Published: April 2018

The monthly quality control is a more extensive quality check of our 3T MRI system but also the other computers in the operator room. The monthly quality control consists of the following components: Virus scan on scan-computer Moving eyetracker-files from DOS to Windows desktop Calibration of scanner (Philips protocol) 32 channel SNR test
Testing antibacterial activity of bacteriophages on hard surfaces v1
Authors: Caselli Elisabetta
Published: April 2018

Testing antibacterial activity of bacteriophages on hard surfaces
Assessment of occupational exposure to sharp injuries among health care workers in King Abdulaziz University Hospital
Authors: S. Abdulmageed Samia , Alabbassi Fatmah , Alradi Mai , Alghanaim Nebras , Banjar Sundos , Alnakhli Malak
Published: April 2018

Background: Sharps injuries are accidental infiltrating wounds that are typically the consequences of utilizing hazardous equipment in the usual fast-paced, and stressful health care setting. As a result, exposure to blood-borne pathogens from sharps injury poses a significant risk to health care workers. These injuries predispose the staff to dangerous infections such as hepatitis B, C and HIV. The aim of the study was to assess the occupational exposure to sharps injuries among health care workers in King Abdulaziz University Hospital in Jeddah.Methods: A cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted. Nurses, residents, dentists, and housekeepers working in the surgical ward, obstetrics and gynaecology ward, emergency department, operation room, labor and delivery room, and dental clinics at King Abdulaziz University Hospital were included. A random sample of 161 subjects was recruited in this study using a self-administered structured questionnaire.Results: Of 161 participants, 53 (32.90%) had a history of sharps injury. Among them 25 (47.16%) were nurses, both surgical and gynaecological residents had the same result of 11 (20.76%), and 6 (11.32%) of them were dentists. Most of the injuries had occurred during the use of the suture needle; 24 (45.28%) suggested that work overload was the main reason for sharps injury occurrence.Conclusions: Among health care workers, nurses were especially at risk of exposure to sharps injury. The most important risk factors for injury occurrence include long working hours, continuous rotating shifts, and work overload. Also, not all of the health care workers knew about the hospital’s reporting system.
Health Care System in Sudan: Review and Analysis of Strength, Weakness, Opportunity, and Threats (SWOT Analysis)
Authors: Ebrahim Ebrahim Mohammed Abdullah , Ghebrehiwot Luam , Abdalgfar Tasneem , Juni Muhammad Hanafiah
Published: April 2018

Background: The Republic of the Sudan located in north-east of Africa and is considered to be a lower-middle income country. The country has well established healthcare system with many drawbacks mainly due to economic and managerial reasons followed by prolonged political instability and sanctions.Objective: The aim of this study is to give an insight over the health services system in Sudan and to analyze the strength, weakness, opportunities, and threats (SWOT).Materials and Methods: The search was done from two electronic databases: MEDLINE/Pubmed and from public search engines: Google Scholar and Google with key Search words used mainly as “Healthcare system in Sudan “. Additionally, SWOT analysis of healthcare system in Sudan was carried out based on the Roemer’s model of health service system. Results: The Sudanese healthcare system was analyzed for different components of the system: The system in Sudan has full package of strategic plans and policies be it in a long term or short. Despite this there is poor implementation and organization along with frail health information system. The main external factors that drawback the system is the overall economic instability which resulted in cutting of the health expenditure.Conclusion: The Sudan is a rich country in terms of natural resources and population. Its health service system has strengths and weaknesses. It needs to build on its qualified human work force, stress on its well-designed short and long-term strategies on health care system and the partnership with external funding institutions, while overcoming the challenges on creating the proper health information system, economic support system and centralization of health service and professionals. Keywords: Health Care System, Sudan, SWOT analysis
Association between Exposure to Beta 2 Agonists and Corticosteroids and Acquiring Benign Joint Hypermobility Syndrome among Asthmatic Patients: a Case-Control Study
Authors: Diab Alsarah Mutwakil Abbas , Suliman Eman MutwakilAhmedAlmostafa , Abdallah AyatAbdallah Hassan , Dyab Mohamed AbdelhadiElzubair , Awadalla Tanzeel Omer Elamin , Kirkisawi Naila Mubarak , Husain Nazik Elmalaika Obaid Seid Ahmed
Published: April 2018

Background:Beta2 (β2) agonists as relievers and corticosteroids as controllers are the mainstay drugs for asthma treatment. Benign Joint Hypermobility Syndrome (BJHS) is a connective tissue disorder with musculoskeletal symptoms.We had examined the possible association between the use of β2 agonists and corticosteroids and acquiring BJHS in asthmatic patients.Methods:This was a case-control, hospital-based study including a group of asthmatics who had BJHS (cases), compared with a matched group of asthmatics without BJHS (controls) for the β2 agonists and corticosteroids past and current pattern of use. Information was collected by face-to-face interview and clinical examination and from subjects’ medical records using pre-structured questionnaire. BJHS diagnosis was based on the revised Brighton criteria. Asthma severity was reflected by a score, which was calculated from the asthma questionnaire. Comparison of exposure was done by Calculation of Odds Ratio.Results:Development of BJHS was found to be significantly associated with chronicity of asthma of average duration of 13.2 years, and hence to prolonged use of β2 agonists and/or corticosteroids (OR 1.019; 95% CI 0.999 - 1.039, P=0.006)Exposure to β2 agonist and corticosteroid (87 and 79 cases and controls respectively P=0.05)high asthma score (42.9 ± 9.8 and 40.4 ± 8.3 among cases and controls respectively, P=0.011) were significantly associated with the development of BJHS.
The Level of Ischemic Modified Albumin (IMA) as Risk Marker for Cardio Vascular D isease (CVD)	among some diabetic patients (type II) in Khartoum state	-Sudan
Authors: I Sadik , Z Yagoub , N Sayed , A El Nour , M Abide El Hameed , Abid Satee B
Published: April 2018

Background. Recent literature reports show large interest in ischemic modified albumin (IMA) biochemical marker for detection of myocardial injury. Special attention is focused in estimation of IMA test for the diagnosis and evaluation of myocardial ischemia as well as others acute coronary syndrome in emergency patients.Objective : evaluation of ischemia-modified albumin (IMA) in well controlled and uncontrolled patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and estimation of its connection with cardiovascular disease.Measurement thelevelof IMA asrisk marker forcardio vascular disease (CVD) in diabetic patients that arrivedtoemergency department with signs and symptoms of CVD.Methodology. 140 subjects enrolled in thisstudy ,70 diabetes mellitus patients with signs and symptoms of CVD, and other 70 apparently non diabetic healthy subjects' as controls, , the levels of biomarker IMA was measured as the risk marker ofCVDin controlled and uncontrolleddiabeticpatients with type2,the Diagnostic potential was evaluated by receiver operating characteristic analysis and their relationships were analyzed. This study was donein Shab Hospital, Khartoum.Period from 1st of February 2015 to October 2015.Results: The results showed that CVD were predominant among diabetic female 57 % and peaked at age 75.5 years among 40-75 year old. The IMA was significantly increase in diabetic patients when compare with normal healthy group with cut off value ( 0.97 IU/L ), and there is also significantly increase in IMA level in uncontrolled diabetic patients (Mean ± SD; 14.70 + 10.66) that presented with acute chest pain and havea signs and symptoms of cardiac ischemia when compared with the well-controlled diabetic patients(Mean ± SD; 3.74 + 3.68). controlled and uncontrolled diabetic patients were determined by the level of their HBA1c and comparison with the means of IMA level in their serum.Conclusions: increase IMA level in poor control and long stand diabetic patients could help to identify the higher risk for develop to CVD, and The most common complication such as suffering from local or systemic hypoxic conditions, as acute ischemic stroke, peripheral vascular disease.Keywords: Ischemia, Type 2 diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular disease, Ischemic Modified Albumin
Factors Influencing Adolescents Stigmatising Attitudes and Perception of Community Reaction towards Mental Illness in Nigeria.
Authors: OGUNDELE Olorunfemi Akinbode , OGUNDELE Tolulope , Taha Sami Mahjoub
Published: April 2018

Background: Stigma is one of the major distresses that are experienced by people with mental illness. Stigmatisation results in a reduction in quality of life of those affected.Objective: The objective of this study was to assess the stigmatising attitudes of adolescents towards individuals withmental illness, their perception of community reaction and factors influencing it in Nigeria.Method: In school Adolescents (N = 402) participated in the research. They completed self-administered questionnaires regarding socio-demographic details and questions based on a vignette of a young person witha mental disorder using the Standardized Stigmatisation Questionnaire (SSQ1). The study was cross-sectional in nature and employed a multistage sampling technique.Result: The mean age was 14.44years (SD=1.84).There were 265(65.9%) males and 137(34.1%) females. Approximately seventy percent of the adolescents would not be happy to sit next to a man with mental illness in a bus, 58.2% would not want him to teach their children, and an even higher percentage (72.9%) believe that most people in the community would do same. Seventy percent are aware that he did not develop his problems to avoid difficult situations of life and 78.2% also know that it’s not a punishment for bad deeds. Independent predictors of stigma related attitude include age p<0.002, gender p<0.010 and community perception p<0.001.Conclusion: Stigmatisation of mental illness is highly prevalentamong adolescents. Given that a significant percentage of the participants were well informed, formation of stigmatising attitude towards mental illness might be deeper than lack of knowledge. There may be a need to work on societal structure despite traditional education interventions and also encourage their contactwith mentally ill persons.Key words:  Stigmatisation Adolescents, community, Mental Illness, Perception, Societal structure
Cloning, characterization and identification of polymorphism in TCR Zeta Gene in deoni cattle
Authors: Swathi K. , Prakash M. Gnana , Sakaram D. , Raghunandan T. , Sarat Chandra A. , Kalyani P.
Published: April 2018

The cDNA encoding, T-cell receptor zeta (TCR z; CD247) molecule of Deoni cattle (Bos indicus), was isolated, cloned and sequenced in the present study. The CD247 cDNA comprised 1078 nucleotides including a 30 nucleotide 5¹-untranslated region (UTR), 495 nucleotide single open reading frame (ORF) and 553 nucleotide 3¹-UTR. Deduced amino acid of cattle CD247 sequence was two residues shorter than the corresponding sheep sequences. However, ruminant-specific insertions and substitutions in transmembrane (TM) and intra-cytoplasmic (IC) domain were present in cattle. Immunoreceptor tyrosine-based activation motifs (ITAMs), the important motifs for TCR signalling, were totally conserved among ruminants including cattle. The 3¹ - UTR region of the cattle CD247 was highly homologous to the corresponding region in the buffalo sequence and showed lack of polymorphism after polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) analysis using Hae III and Mse I restriction enzymes in cattle population. Phylogenetically, cattle sequence was closer to buffalo sequence under the ruminant’s lineage. The conserved nature of this gene ensures TCR integrity which is vital for induction of optimal and efficient immune response.
Exemplar Rehabilitation Educators’ Defining Moments and Career Reflections
Authors: Graf Noreen M. , Marini Irmo , Reed Bruce , Sharma Manisha
Published: April 2018

Objective: To discover senior and retired exemplary rehabilitation educators’ defining career moments and to provide doctoral students and early career rehabilitation educators with insights from widely recognized and successful rehabilitation educators in the field.

Method: Twenty-seven xemplary rehabilitation educators answered qualitative questions related to their career choices and accomplishments. Additionally, satisfaction with career and the perception of contributions to the field were quantitatively assessed using Likert-type questions.

Findings: Five themes emerged from the qualitative data which described exemplary educators’ defining career moments. Four additional themes emerged which revealed changes educators would make if they could start their careers over. Quantitative results indicated overall moderate to high satisfaction with career and contributions.

Conclusions: The experiences, advice,and wisdom of exemplary educators can provideearly guidance and insights about career decisions and life lessons for doctoral students and academics.
DISTRIBUIÇÃO DAS FORMAS DE FUNDO E PADRÕES SEDIMENTARES NO PORTO DO MUCURIPE, FORTALEZA-CEARÁ
Authors: Ximenes Neto Antonio Rodrigues , Morais Jader Onofre de , Pinheiro Lidriana de Souza
Published: April 2018

A ponta do Mucuripe apresenta desde a década de 1930 constantes alterações morfológicas nos setores emersos e submersos. A área de estudo é o setor submarino adjacente ao porto do Mucuripe em Fortaleza-CE, no qual foi realizada uma análise das repostas acústicas do substrato associado a constantes intervenções para o gerenciamento portuário. Classificou-se a morfologia submersa do porto do Mucuripe levando em consideração a visão integrada das condicionantes ambientais (processos, formas e intervenção antrópica) na construção da paisagem submarina. Foi utilizada sísmica de alta resolução, sonografia, e compilação de dados sedimentológicos. As respostas acústicas produto dos padrões de sedimentação e das formas submersas constituíram as ecofácies. A ecofácies I está associada a substratos lamosos (principalmente lama fluida) com refletores em subsuperfície, relacionado principalmente à bacia de evolução e canal de acesso portuário (áreas abrigadas pelo molhe do Titã). A ecofácies II possui camadas em subfundo bem compactas, onde não se observa nitidamente os refletores, está associada à evolução da ecofácie I e consequente compactação, também localizada em setores abrigados. Estas duas ecofácies apresentam o padrão morfológico de fundo plano como dominante, sendo interrompido apenas nos setores com marcas de dragagens – os canalículos. A ecofácies III apresenta alto coeficiente de reflexão, substrato relacionado à sand ripples e dunas subaquosas, associado predominantemente aos setores desabrigados do molhe. A ecofácies IV está associada a substratos rochosos e possui elevado backscattering, localiza-se no setor sul adjacente ao Píer. Como padrões morfológicos destacam-se as feições produto das dragagens no canal de acesso portuário e bacia de evolução – taludes, canalículos e montículos. Evidenciou-se o contraste granulométrico entre o canal e as adjacências, sendo que no setor desabrigado é observada a predominância de fundo arenoso com consequente presença de micro-feições – sand ripples e macro-feições – banco/dunas e na área abrigada o predomínio de sedimentos finos. Foi observado um objeto à semelhança de uma embarcação de pequeno porte naufragada nas proximidades do Píer. A presença de lama fluida, principalmente, dentro do canal no setor da bacia de evolução se deve ao aporte de sedimentos finos (<0,062mm) que se deposita devido à baixa hidrodinâmica (efeito “sombra” do molhe do Titã). O assoreamento constante no setor abrigado impõe o mapeamento dos setores de lama fluida. Este fato se torna de fundamental importância para gerenciar os locais em que necessitam de dragagens de manutenção, para garantir profundidades seguras para a mobilidade naval.
PROCESSOS DE FORMAÇÃO DE TERRENOS E RELEVOS TECNOGÊNICOS CORRELATIVOS À URBANIZAÇÃO: ANÁLISE MORFOESTRATIGRÁFICA E GEOAMBIENTAL APLICADA NA BACIA DO CÓRREGO ÁGUA BRANCA, ITAQUAQUECETUBA (RMSP)
Authors: Peloggia Alex Ubiratan Goossens , Saad Antonio Roberto , Da Silva Rodolfo Vieira , De Queiroz William
Published: April 2018

Este trabalho apresenta os resultados da análise morfoestratigráfica e geoambiental efetuada em uma sub-bacia de 3ª ordem nas cabeceiras da bacia hidrográfica do córrego Água Branca, caracterizada como área de expansão urbana periférica na porção noroeste do município de Itaquaquecetuba, Região Metropolitana de São Paulo. A análise da bacia foi feita por critério topológico; a área foi dividida em topobacias de cabeceiras, correspondentes às áreas drenadas por canais de primeira ordem, e internas, referentes às áreas drenadas individualmente por segmentos fluviais de segunda e terceira ordem. Tal delimitação foi sobreposta à análise do uso e ocupação do solo, que se caracteriza no local pela diversidade de padrões de urbanização e pela ocorrência de áreas rurais remanescentes em processo de intensa transformação, assim como remanescentes de matas densas, originais ou secundárias. Realizou-se o mapeamento de detalhe dos terrenos tecnogênicos, observando a delimitação das áreas de degradação, submetidas a cortes ou processos erosivos, ou agradação (áreas de aterramento) e de terrenos complexos, classificando-os e identificando-se seus processos de formação.
STUDY OF THE LANDFORMS OF THE IBICUÍ RIVER BASIN WITH USE OF TOPOGRAPHIC POSITION INDEX
Authors: Trentin Romario , Robaina Luís Eduardo de Souza
Published: April 2018

The Topographic Position Index (TPI) is an algorithm which calculates the difference of the elevation between a central pixel ( and the mean of the elevation of its surroundings () surroundings defined by of a radius determined by the user. The study was developed in the Ibicuí Basin, located in the west of Rio Grande do Sul, with a surface area of 46,602.58 km², with a perimeter of 1,268.76 km and an 8th order hierarchy. The TPI analysis associated with inclination determined 08 landforms elements in the BHRI: flat area elements, top elements identified as flat and wavy, springs, slopes and the footslopes and channel elements that can be closed or opened.
Quality of Digital Elevation Models obtained from Unmanned Aerial Vehicles for Precision Viticulture
Authors: Pichon Léo , Ducanchez Arnaud , Fonta Hélène , Tisseyre Bruno
Published: April 2018

Aims: This work aims to study the quality of low cost Digital Surface Models (DSMs) obtained with Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) images and to test whether these DSMs meet common requirements of the wine industry.Methods and results: Experiments were carried out on a 4-ha vineyard located 10 km north of Beziers (France). The experimental site presents slope and aspect variations representative of mechanised commercial vineyards in Languedoc Roussillon. DSMs were provided by three UAV companies selected for the diversity of their solutions in terms of image capture altitude, type of UAV and image processing software. DSMs were obtained by photogrammetry and correspond to commercial products usually delivered by UAV companies. DSMs from UAV were compared to a reference Digital Elevation Model (DEM) acquired by a laser tachymeter. Four indicators were used to test the quality of DSMs: the mean error and its dispersion in the XY plane and in elevation Z. Results show a good georeferencing of the DSMs (MeanErrorXY<10 cm) and a similar quality in elevation (MeanErrorZ<10 cm) estimation. Results also show that the error in elevation is highly spatially structured. The spatial patterns observed did not depend on the elevation and could be related to algorithms used to compute the DSMs.Conclusion: Data acquisition and processing methods have an impact on the quality of the DSMs provided by the UAV companies. DSM qualities are good enough to meet commercial vineyard requirements. The tested DSMs fit the requirements to assess field characteristics (elevation, slope, aspects) which may be important for terroir characterisation purposes.Significance and impact of the study: This study proves that elevation data derived from UAV present an accuracy equivalent to the reference system used in this study. The rapidity, the low cost and the high spatial resolution of these data offer significant opportunities for the development of new services for the wine industry for field characterisation.
Vitis vinifera canes, a source of stilbenoids against downy mildew
Authors: Richard Tristan , Abdelli-Belhad Assia , Vitrac Xavier , Waffo-Téguo Pierre , Mérillon Jean-Michel
Published: April 2018

Aim: To investigate the antifungal efficacy of grape cane extracts enriched in stilbenes against Plasmopara viticola by in vivo experiments on grape plants.Methods and results: Experiments on grape plants were carried out from 2007 to 2008 at commercial vineyards in « Le Tourne » (southwest region of France) on Vitis vinifera L. cv Merlot plants and in a greenhouse, where 45-day-old plants (Merlot) were used. Grapevine plants were treated with stilbene extract (STE) or « Bordeaux mixture » (BM) as positive control. STE, prepared from Vitis vinifera canes, contained 33% of total stilbenes ranging from monomers to tetramers and was used at 5 g L-1. The degree of protection against downy mildew was determined as the percentage of infected leaf surface area and pathogen attack frequency. On young plants in greenhouse, P. viticola inoculation and three treatments with STE were carried out. After the treatments, the disease reduction was from 59 to 69% for pathogen attack frequency and from 83 to 88% for infected leaf surface for the two modes of infestation (artificial and secondary). STE triggered a similar intense decrease in downy mildew infection as recorded for BM. In the vineyard assay, downy mildew infection was allowed to occur naturally. Field grown plants were treated every 7th day for eight weeks or every 14th day for eight weeks during June and July. We observed that STE was also able to prevent P. viticola infection in vineyard but to a lesser extent. Treatment with STE every 7th day provided better results in terms of infection frequency and infected leaf area than that every 14th day. STE treatment of plants every 7th day in vineyard reduced the frequency of attack by 16 to 39% and leaf surface infection by 57 to 61%, which was lower than that recorded for BM. STE also displayed in vitro inhibitory effects on the release of zoospores from sporangia and the germination of zoospores of P. viticola. Zoospore germination was completely inhibited at a concentration of 100 mg L-1 and zoospore release was inhibited at 330 mg L-1.Conclusions: Treatment of young grapevine plants in greenhouse with stilbene extract from grapevine canes offered considerable protection against P. viticola that was identical to that provided by Bordeaux mixture. STE was also able to prevent P. viticola infection in vineyard but to a lesser extent. Treatment with STE every 7th day in vineyard provided better results than that every 14th day.Significance and impact of the study: Stilbenes from grapevine canes are good candidates as natural fungicides against downy mildew. Given the very large quantity of grape canes available each year, this strategy could be scaled up to control this grapevine disease in a sustainable manner.
Selection and characterization of autochthonous strains of Oenococcus oeni for vinification in Priorat (Catalonia, Spain)
Authors: Franquès Judit , Araque Isabel , El Khoury Mariette , Lucas Patrick M. , Reguant Cristina , Bordons Albert
Published: April 2018

The use of autochthonous strains of Oenococcus oeni for inducing malolactic fermentation (MLF) in wines is increasing because they are well adapted to the conditions of a specific area. The main aim of this work was to select O. oeni strains from Priorat (Catalonia, Spain) wines that would be able to carry out the MLF while maintaining the characteristics of the wine. Forty-five autochthonous strains were selected based on their degradation of L-malic acid, resistance to low pH and high ethanol, and the absence of biogenic amine genes. The three strains with the best characteristics were inoculated and MLF was carried out successfully with the final wines showing good characteristics. One of the inoculated O. oeni strains would be a good candidate to study as possible starter culture. It shows that autochthonous O. oeni strains, once selected, have the potential to be used as an inoculum for wines.
Sensory Ecology of Ostariophysan Alarm Substances
Authors: Maximino Caio , do Carmo Silva Rhayra Xavier , dos Santos Campos Kimberly , de Oliveira Jeiseane Souza , Rocha Sueslene Prado , Pyterson Maryana Pereira , dos Santos Souza Dainara Pereira , Miranda Leonardo Feitosa , Ikeda Saulo Rivera , Pimentel Ana Flávia Nogueira , Ramos Pâmila Nayana Ferreira , Costa Bruna Patrícia Dutra , Herculano Anderson Manoel , Rosemberg Denis Broock , da Silva Diógenes Henrique Siqueira , Maximino Monica Lima
Published: April 2018

Chemical communication of predation risk has evolved multiple times in fish species, with the conspecific alarm substance (CAS) contemporaneously being the most well understood mechanism. CAS is released after epithelial damage, usually when prey fish is captured by a predator, and elicits neurobehavioral adjustments in conspecifics which increase the probability of avoiding predation. As such, CAS is a partial predator stimulus, eliciting risk assessment-like and avoidance behaviors, and disrupting the predator sequence. The present paper reviews the distribution and putative composition of CAS in fish, and presents a model for the neural processing of these structures by the olfactory and the brain aversive systems. Applications of CAS in the behavioral neurosciences and neuropharmacology are also presented, exploiting the potential of model fish (e.g., zebrafish, guppies, minnows) on neurobehavioral research.
CURSO AVANZADO SENPE-NUTRICIA: INVESTIGACIÓN E INNOVACIÓN EN NUTRICIÓN ENTERAL
Authors: Álvarez Julia
Published: April 2018

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Manipulation Under Anesthesia and Stiffness After Total Knee Arthroplasty
Authors: Zachwieja Erik , Perez Jose , Hardaker W. Mack , Levine Brett , Sheth Neil
Published: April 2018

* The prevalence of stiffness after total knee arthroplasty ranges from 1.3% to 5.8%.

* Stiffness is multifactorial and can be attributed to a variety of preoperative, intraoperative, and postoperative patient and technical factors.

* Once infection and mechanical factors have been ruled out, stiffness following total knee arthroplasty can be diagnosed as arthrofibrosis. Manipulation under anesthesia is typically reserved for patients who have been unable to regain range of motion after aggressive physical therapy.

* Manipulation under anesthesia has few risks and is successful in providing functional improvement for the majority of patients.

* The optimal timing for performing manipulation under anesthesia is unclear, but early manipulation (≤3 months after total knee arthroplasty) appears to produce superior results to late manipulation (>3 months after total knee arthroplasty).
Biomechanical Consequences of Meniscal Tear, Partial Meniscectomy, and Meniscal Repair in the Knee
Authors: Lau Brian C. , Conway Devin , Mulvihill Jeffrey , Zhang Alan L. , Feeley Brian T.
Published: April 2018

Update

This article was updated on April 26, 2018, because of a previous error. On pages 1 and 14, the author name that had read “Alan Z. Zhang, MD” now reads “Alan L. Zhang, MD.”

An erratum has been published: JBJS Reviews. 2018 May;6(5):e11.

* Meniscal tears are one of the most common injuries encountered by orthopaedists, and arthroscopic partial meniscectomies and repairs are among the most common procedures performed for their treatment. An understanding of the biomechanical consequences in the knee is needed by treating clinicians.

* Knee adduction moment is increased following meniscal tears and is further increased following arthroscopic partial meniscectomy. Increased knee adduction moment is associated with the development of tibiofemoral osteoarthritis.

* Meniscal tears increase contact pressures within the knee when they involve >60% of the width of the meniscus. Partial meniscectomy further increases contact pressures, and meniscal repair partially reduces contact pressures but not to normal levels.

* Patients may benefit from a focus on rehabilitation following arthroscopic partial meniscectomy to restore proper knee mechanics. In both the medial and the lateral meniscus, repair of radial tears yields better contact biomechanics than resection does. However, resection of up to 50% of the meniscal depth may be acceptable when repair is not feasible. Horizontal cleavage tears of the medial meniscus should be treated with resection of 1 leaflet rather than both when possible.
Colorado Operators Reaping Rewards From Sticking by ‘Predictable’ DJ-Niobrara
Authors: Zborowski Matt
Published: April 2018

Colorado oil production is surging to record levels, outpacing the other major producing US states in year-over-year gains on the backs of the steady-and-predictable Denver-Julesburg (DJ) Basin and overlapping Niobrara Shale.

As overall US oil output continues to surge, attention has been drawn to the Permian Basin and SCOOP and STACK plays. Operators have flocked to West Texas, southeastern New Mexico, and central Oklahoma to stake claims to land they believe will usher them into a new, leaner era for the industry. The expansive Permian alone, which covers more than 75,000 sq miles, has accounted for the bulk of US oil production increases and mergers and acquisitions over the last couple of years. 

Although they are intertwined and together encompass parts of Colorado border states Wyoming, Nebraska, and Kansas, the DJ and Niobrara offer a fraction of the acreage and prospective resources of the Permian. But the existing acreage quality is high. Relatively few companies have large positions in the region, with leadership of many of those firms having earned their stripes with nearby competitors.

Mike Eberhard, chief operating officer of SRC Energy, previously known as Synergy Resources and one of the region’s largest pure-play firms, explained that the DJ is attractive because “it has a very good rate of return” due mainly to low well and takeaway costs, which makes it competitive with the other major basins. He previously served as completions manager for Anadarko Petroleum’s DJ Basin program.

“We have a very good infrastructure” in the region, he said. “We don’t have a lot of [midstream companies] going over the top of each other, trying to get into the next location. Most of the acreage out here is dedicated for midstream. Everybody kind of knows who has what, and we do development around that.” Meanwhile, “the service sector has been here since the ‘60s.” Denver also serves as a stable source of skilled workers, “so you’re not putting up man camps” like in the Bakken and Permian where labor costs and turnover can be high. “And we don’t make a lot of water with the wells. We don’t have a lot of disposal issues,” which are common in areas such as the Permian.
OTC at 50: Bold Vision Led to Unimagined Success
Authors: Parshall Joel
Published: April 2018

Visionaries possess an extraordinary power to imagine what could be. Yet when a future unfolds that validates them, it may so exceed the original vision that even an extraordinary power of imagination is proved in adequate. The reality that happens vaults well beyond one’s wildest dreams. That could be said of the original decision by nine organizations in 1968 to launch the Offshore Technology Conference (OTC) in Houston the following year.

The sponsors were optimistic enough to call it “the first annual conference,” and that vote of confidence has been powerfully affirmed. The conference that convenes on 30 April 2018 at Houston’s NRG Center will be the 50th OTC.  

The decision to organize the original conference was announced in a May 1968 JPT article by Joe Alford, executive secretary of SPE. “Nine of the leading engineering and scientific societies in the United States have taken a bold and significant step with the establishment of a new interdisciplinary meeting to be known as the Offshore Technology Conference,” he wrote. The initial conference was to be held 19–21 May 1969 in what was then the new downtown Houston Convention and Exhibit Center.

Major Forum

This excerpt from the article summarizes what the sponsors hoped to accomplish:

The new conference will provide a major forum of national importance and scope for the dissemination of technology related to offshore resources and environment. The total benefits and influence of the conference are now beyond prediction, but many knowledgeable persons feel that it will be of considerable value to the nation in our development of oceanography and resources from the oceans.

Yes, knowledgeable persons felt it would “be of considerable value to the nation.” But there was no intimation of what value the conference might have beyond the borders of the US or what interest it would generate internationally.

Hindsight tells us that OTC was an idea whose time had come, and clearly the organizers of the original believed that the time had come for something significant. But did they have any idea of how far-reaching the interest would prove? With participants from more than 100 countries? Of attendance that would breach 100,000 on several occasions? Of programs with well more than 40 sessions and 300 technical papers presented? Of 2,000 or more exhibitors with displays covering 600,000 square ft?
The role of accounting in sustainable development
Authors: Makarenko Inna , Plastun Alex
Published: April 2018

Ideology of Sustainable Development and Sustainable Development Goals influence the transformation of business processes in the companies. Professional accountants are important part of this transformation. In this paper the role of accounting in Sustainable Development Goals achievement is discussed. Different approaches to structuring the role of professional accountants in Sustainable Development are investigated. Among them are types of roles that perform accountants, their professional functions, skills and competencies in the corporate environment. As the result a holistic vision of the role of accounting in sustainable development in the new economic conditions is provided.
Commitment: a ‘contagious’ feeling between employees and customers in banking sector
Authors: Bourkha Bilal , Belfellah Younes , Nasser Harkat Victor
Published: April 2018

This present paper tries to investigate relationship between dimensions of organizational commitment (OC) and brand commitment (BC) based on Allen and Meyer (1990) theory: affective, continuous and normative commitment. Population (443 people) of the present study included employees and customers from the same bank. Data collecting tool was two questionnaires, which were distributed among employees and customers. Data was analyzed with SEM to show the existing correlations. Results showed there is a moderated (0,424) relationship between OC and BC. Results confirm interpersonal exchange is a key concept in relationship management, in particular in services industry.
Cost-management in correspondent banking relationships
Authors: Sloboda Larysa
Published: April 2018

Cost-management is essential and highly specific sphere, which requires applying adequate decision- making approach as a part of the bank’s internal value creation process. Correspondent banking is a dynamically growing area of management and controlling methods applied in banks on the one hand and high risk financial segment of the regulators’ measures and expectations around the world on the other. The purpose of this research is to outline the main challenges for cost-management development in correspondent banking relationships (CBRs) around the world with recommendations for Ukraine. The paper explains the key reasons and essential components of cost-management system for managing risks and costs in CBRs based on the analytical results of transactions volume, comparing drivers of restriction of CBRs, rapidly growing number of different types of compliance and operational costs. As a result, the study highlights the cost-cutting measures based on digital assets solutions and blockchain technologies that can help banks to eliminate and lower costs of customer on-boarding, due diligence and money laundering prevention, foreign exchange and currency hedging, treasury and payment operations, liquidity and capital raising.