bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Development of an evidence-informed implementation strategy for a digital supportive care platform for brain tumour patients, their carers and healthcare professionals
Authors: Schadewaldt Verena , O’Brien Teresa , Kalla Mahima , Krishnasamy Meinir , Burns Kara , Bray Sarah CE , Gilbert Cecily , De Abreu Lourenco Richard , Thomas Joseph , Capurro Daniel , Chapman Wendy , Borda Ann , Dhillon Rana S , Whittle James R , Drummond Katharine J
Published: February 2025

Background

Implementation challenges of digital health solutions (DHSs) comprise complexities of behavioural change, resource limitation, inertia in existing systems, and failure to include consumer preferences. Understanding the factors which contribute to successful implementation of DHS is essential. We report the development of an implementation strategy for Brain Tumours Online (BT Online), a digital supportive care platform for patients with brain tumours, their carers and healthcare professionals.

Aim

To develop an evidence-informed implementation strategy for BT Online, considering the specific barriers and facilitators to implementing DHS for adults with a brain tumour and their carers and healthcare professionals.

Methods

A rapid review methodology was used to summarise factors relevant to implementation of DHS for people affected by cancer. Themes from the review were supported by implementation guidelines for DHS and the combined evidence informed the implementation strategy. Each theme was matched with specific steps for implementing BT Online.

Results

The rapid review identified 10 themes, namely, awareness of the new digital platform; institutional integration and support; data security, the quality, usability and accessibility of the platform; belief in the benefit of the platform; the need for holistic and tailored features; the timing of introducing the platform; engagement of healthcare professionals; and the re-definition of roles and workload. The themes were matched with 51 concrete implementation steps.

Discussion

The purpose of the strategy was to minimise risk of implementation failure, consider the specific context of care and generate a reference framework to evaluate BT Online prior to upscaling to use outside the research context. Our method contributes a novel approach of developing an evidence-informed rigorous implementation strategy if existing implementation frameworks do not apply.
A Review on MXene-Based Textile Materials for Flexible Energy Storage Application
Authors: Vajpeyee Pranjul , Maity Subhankar , Kumar Patra Arun
Published: February 2025

The revelation of MXenes as two-dimensional (2D) transition metal carbides and nitrides, in the midst of their exceptional features like rich surface chemistry, tunable terminations, metallic conductivity, and exceptional processability, has completely changed the realm of material chemistry research. The introduction of MXene has been contributive to the design and development of various textile e-devices. Among these, textile-based supercapacitors (TSCs), which encompass fiber, yarn, and fabric supercapacitors, are developed and have been manifested to be useful in powering wearable electronics. The present article summarizes historical developments of energy storage devices, types of super-capacitors like double-layered capacitors, hybrid capacitors, and pseudo-capacitors, their relative merits and demerits. Various top-down and bottom-up approaches of MXene synthesis processes are discussed with their scopes and limitations. Different process of coating/loading of MXene onto textile substrates viz. dip coating, electro-spinning and wet spinning are described and morphological cum surface characteristics of the developed coated textiles are highlighted. Mechanical and electrical properties of MXene based textiles have been summarized and compared with various other electro-conductive textiles prepared from conductive polymers, CNTs, and rGO. The performance of MXene-based textiles for energy storage applications is critically reviewed and summarized.
The IAEA exercise on probabilistic fault displacement hazard assessment
Authors: Valentini Alessandro , Fukushima Yoshimitsu , Contri Paolo , Gülerce Zeynep
Published: February 2025

International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) Specific Safety Guide SSG-9 (Rev.1) recommends the use of probabilistic fault displacement hazard assessment (PFDHA) for faults that may affect the foundations of safety-related structures of nuclear installations in the specific case of existing nuclear installation sites. To provide practical guidance on performing PFDHA, IAEA initiated an exercise that includes alternative fault displacement predictive models and three case studies representing strike-slip, normal, and reverse earthquakes. This article presents and discusses the findings of the IAEA PFDHA exercise for selected principal and distributed fault displacement scenarios. Analysis of the results underlines that the primary fault displacement estimations by different modelers are in good agreement at the return periods dominated by surface rupture models for exercise cases that involve moderate-to-large magnitude events. At longer return periods, significant differences are observed in the slopes of the hazard curves due to model uncertainties particularly aleatory variability and truncation of the standard deviation. Distributed displacement hazard curves by different modelers have factors of 10–50 differences, mainly caused by different assumptions in the implementation of the problem, particularly in the conditional probability of distributed fault rupturing. The findings of this study highlighted the need for developing a consensus in surface rupture probabilities, especially when multiple fault displacement predictive models are used to capture the epistemic uncertainty in PFDHA estimations.
Addressing viral hepatitis C reinfections in a low-threshold programme for people who inject drugs in Slovenia
Authors: Černoša Jasna , Volkar Jelka Meglič , Poljak Mario , Perme Maja Pohar , Lazarus Jeffrey Victor , Matičič Mojca
Published: February 2025

Background

Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection remains a public health threat. Although therapy with direct-acting antivirals made its elimination possible, major challenges remain in treating vulnerable populations, such as people who inject drugs (PWID) enrolled in low-threshold programmes (LTPs). This study analysed the outcome of HCV management focused on HCV reinfection in a specifically designed model-of-care (MoC) for PWID in Slovenia, where treatment is prescribed without limitations, though only by specialist physicians.

Methods

All HCV antibody (anti-HCV) positive users of a MoC, combining HCV management at Clinic for Infectious Diseases at the University Medical Centre in Ljubljana and LTP for PWID in 100 km distanced civil society organisation (CSO) Svit Koper, between January 2017 to December 2022, were included. The MoC enabled regular transportation of PWID between LTP and the Clinic, where specifically assigned services for individually tailored HCV management in cooperation with CSO were available. Data on participants´ demographic, epidemiological, and clinical characteristics were collected partly retrospectively and prospectively, with a particular focus on HCV treatment outcome and reinfection status, and analysed accordingly.

Results

The study included 49 anti-HCV positive PWID with a mean age of 38.7 (standard deviation (SD) = 7.6) years at first visit. The majority was male (40/49, 81.6%); 16/49 (32.7%) experienced previous incarceration, 14/49 (28.6%) were experiencing homelessness, and 42/49 (85.7%) were receiving opioid agonist therapy. A total of 42/49 (83.7%) were HCV RNA-positive. Of them 36/42 (85.7%) started HCV treatment at a mean age of 42.7 (SD = 5.7) years and 33/36 (91.7%) completed treatment. Six (14.3%) HCV RNA-positive PWID died. Among 28/33 (84.9%) who achieved a sustained virological response 12 weeks post treatment, 6/28 (21.4%) presented with reinfection. The HCV reinfection rate was 13.3 per 100 – PY (95% confidence interval (CI) [6.0, 29.7]), the rate of positive HCV RNA re-test was 12.2 per 100 – PY (95%CI [7.7–16.7]), while hazard of reinfection in our cohort increased with time, with the estimated reinfection probability exceeding 0.5 at 4 years.

Conclusions

In marginalised population of PWID attending LTP, a sustainable HCV RNA re-screening and follow-up after HCV cure are necessary, as the risk of reinfection remains high.
Socioecological correlates of parental lifestyle patterns during the antenatal period
Authors: Lecorguillé M. , Schipper M. C. , Aubert A. M. , Douglass A. , Tafflet M. , Vrijheid M. , Kelleher C. , Phillips C. M. , Gaillard R. , Heude Barbara , Lioret Sandrine
Published: February 2025

Background

This study aimed to explore socioecological correlates of parental lifestyle patterns during pregnancy, an overlooked topic except for individual socioeconomic factors.

Methods

We used data from three European mother-offspring cohorts participating in the EndObesity Consortium [EDEN, France, n = 1,962; Generation R, the Netherlands, n = 8,765; and Lifeways, Ireland, n = 932]. In previous principal component analysis, we identified two separate parental lifestyle patterns in pregnancy, characterised by: 1) “high parental smoking, poor-quality maternal diet, and low physical activity”; and 2) “low parental body mass index (BMI) and high gestational weight gain (GWG)”. Applying the socioecological model, we conducted multivariable linear regression analyses on lifestyle pattern scores (outcomes), first including parental socioeconomic and sociodemographic characteristics (block 1), then the urban environment (block 2), and finally psychosocial factors and health-care access (block 3).

Results

Older parents, those born abroad, or with high SEP had lower scores for the first lifestyle pattern. Conversely, multiparous mothers, those with suboptimal health insurance coverage, or who did not attend parenting preparation sessions followed that pattern more closely. Multiparous mothers, parents with a low SEP, or living in highly deprived areas had lower scores on the second pattern, contrary to those exposed to high population density or living in a neighbourhood with high facility richness.

Conclusions

Higher SEP, a foreign birthplace, wealthier neighbourhoods, and attendance at antenatal parenting preparation sessions were associated with healthier parental lifestyles during pregnancy. These potential facilitators should be considered for inclusion in tailored family-based health promotion interventions during the perinatal period.
Quantification of facial cues for acute illness: a systematic scoping review
Authors: Cramer Iris C. , Cox Eline G. M. , de Kok Jip W. T. M. , Koeze Jacqueline , Visser Martje , Bouma Hjalmar R. , De Bie Dekker Ashley , van der Horst Iwan C. C. , Bouwman R. Arthur , van Bussel Bas C. T.
Published: February 2025

Importance

The patient’s face provides healthcare professionals with important information about the patient’s general appearance and clinical condition.

Objective

The primary aim of this review is to identify patients’ facial cues that healthcare providers can use at the bedside to monitor the clinical condition of acutely ill patients.

Evidence review

Studies about facial cues for acute illness were systematically searched in PubMed, Embase, Cochrane, and Cumulative Index to Nursing & Allied Health (CINAHL) databases. Studies on vital signs, pain, psychiatric illnesses, animal studies, qualitative studies, case reports, and systematic reviews were excluded. Acute illness was defined as any life-threatening condition or condition that required immediate intervention to prevent serious morbidity, permanent disability, or mortality. An overview of all identified facial cues was created.

Findings

In total, 35 different facial cues were identified in 13 studies. A total of 21 were related to facial appearance, with the most frequently reported cues being closed eyes (2 studies), pale lips (2 studies), parted lips (3 studies), droopy mouth (3 studies), and paler skin tone (2 studies). In addition, 14 facial expression features were identified, characterized primarily by more sad, less happy, and less surprised. Most cues have only been described in a single study without external validation, limiting the generalizability of definitions of these cues and their clinical applicability.

Conclusions and relevance

This systematic scoping review identified 35 facial cues associated with acute illness in patients in the hospital, highlighting the potential of facial observation to enhance clinical assessments. However, the lack of standardization limits applicability in healthcare. Future research should refine the setting of acute illness, develop diverse datasets, and validate the predictive value of facial cues across various populations.
The “TASK” of Breathing: Anesthetic Relevance of Background Two-Pore Domain Potassium Channels as Therapeutic Targets for Respiratory Control
Authors: Lin Ann Y. , Turnbull Christopher D. , Pandit Jaideep J.
Published: February 2025

Background (leak) potassium (K+) currents, the main contributors to resting membrane potential in excitable cells, are mediated by channels of the 2-pore domain (K2P) family. In the respiratory system, the TWIK-related acid-sensitive K+ channel (TASK) subfamily is proposed to mediate key functions in the carotid body type I glomus cells, central chemoreceptors and respiratory center, pulmonary arteries, and upper airway musculature. K2P channels are also located throughout the central nervous system, notably in the hypoglossal motor neurone pool, regions involved in sleep-wake regulation and pain perception. Being sensitive to general anesthetics, K2P channels may mediate both the adverse respiratory effects and hypnotic actions of many anesthetics. Therefore, they offer potential as pharmacological targets to reverse postoperative respiratory depression, ameliorate anesthetic risks of obstructive sleep apnea, improve ventilation-perfusion matching, and even assist in the active recovery from hypnotic effects of anesthesia during emergence from surgery.
Gender discrimination in the Tarim Basin: A preliminary examination of the Kharoṣṭhī documents from the Niya site
Authors: Kaur Raminder
Published: February 2025

Background This article summarises preliminary observations and findings as part of the ‘Gender Discrimiation in the Tarim Basin’ project, based on an examination of the ‘Niya documents’, a collection of administrative documents discovered at the ruins of an oasis agricultural settlement in the Tarim Basin region of Western China. The documents, however, were written in the South Asian Kharoṣṭhī script and an associated South Asian language. They have previously been examined linguistically and palaeographically to understand how the script and its associated language arrived and came to be used in Central Asia and to identify the local languages that were in use at the settlement. But there has been limited consideration of society and, more specifically, gender-related issues. Methods There is scope to examine the documents both quantitatively and qualitatively, which this preliminary study presents. Different data was collected from the documents, including archaeological and political contexts, legal cases presented as complaints, and the gender make-up of complainants. Results Most of the documents came from specific buildings at the site and the ones with dates were created during the reigns of a few kings. Kings and officials were presented with various honorifics, including divine titles. Most of the legal complaints were presented by men and more men were overall presented in the documents than women. Two key terms were used in the presentation of cases and the law was defined using specific South Asian terminology. Conclusions This initial study suggested that there were social differences based on gender, which then led to selecting a focus and relevant case studies for the research project to consider societal issues involving gender-based discrimination.
Structural and functional kidneys changes in experimental chronic hyperglycemia in rats
Authors: Sarakhan V.
Published: February 2025

The article is presents results of the structural and functional changes in kidney at the condition of chronic hyperglycemia. It was established that in the condition of experimental streptozotocin diabetes and microvascular complications on the background of diabetes, there was an increase in urinary protein excretion and creatinine clearance, minor changes in glomerular filtration and tubular reabsorption. In both type 2 diabetes and DN, significant changes in the urinary excretion of sodium and potassium ions were observed, which is associated with a decrease in the reabsorption of these cations in the renal tubules. To confirm the DN performed a morphological study of kidney tissue. It was found that in the group of animals with DN on the background of type 2 diabetes there was a decrease in the size of renal corpuscles with dystrophic altered cells of the outer and inner walls of the glomerular capsule, focal thickening of BM capillaries, expansion of the mesangium.
Сhanges of cortisol level in patients with COVID-19 and cognitive disorders
Authors: Sarakhan V.
Published: February 2025

The article is presents results of the changes pf cortisol level in patients with COVID-19 and cognitive disorders. It was established increase the main marker of stress – cortisol relative to the physiological norm in all age groups of patients who suffered from COVID-19 and were hospitalized. In the age group 40-50 years, the cortisol level increased on the first day in men on 1.4 times (p˂0.05) and in women on 1.2 times (p˂0.05) compared to the physiological norm. Therefore, cortisol can be considered a diagnostically significant trigger for the development of cognitive disorders, which will subsequently lead to drastic changes in the central nervous system.
Berberine in obesity therapy: from molecular mechanisms to clinical applications
Authors: Kamińska-Omasta Katarzyna , Omasta Bartosz , Romańczuk Kuba Borys , Krupa Olga , Pietrukaniec Paulina Dorota , Wójcik Zofia Martyna , Furtak Kinga , Stolarczyk Szymon Przemysław , Czerska Magdalena Agata , Rybak Daria
Published: February 2025

Objective:
The study aimed to explore the therapeutic potential of berberine in obesity treatment, with a particular focus on its effects on key metabolic mechanisms, inflammatory processes, and gut microbiota composition.
Materials and Methods:
This review encompasses an analysis of preclinical and clinical studies examining berberine’s mechanisms of action, including AMPK pathway activation, lipid profile regulation, white adipose tissue browning, and gut microbiota modulation. Data on berberine’s bioavailability and advanced delivery systems were also included.
Main results:
Studies demonstrate that berberine improves anthropometric parameters (BMI, waist circumference), promotes adipose tissue remodeling, and supports glycemic control. It exhibits anti-inflammatory properties, reduces inflammatory markers, and modulates gut microbiota to enhance metabolic processes. Advanced delivery systems have improved its bioavailability, enhancing clinical efficacy.
Conclusions:Berberine shows multifaceted potential as a complementary therapy for obesity, especially when combined with lifestyle interventions. It offers a safe and effective alternative for addressing this global health challenge.
Insights into Knee Pain: Risk Factors and Management Strategies for Osgood-Schlatter Disease
Authors: Charzewski Piotr , Starzyk Agnieszka
Published: February 2025

Osgood-Schlatter Disease (OSD) commonly causes adolescent knee pain through repetitive quadriceps stress at the tibial tuberosity. This review underscores mechanical overload (e.g., tight quadriceps, hamstring inflexibility) and altered biomechanics as primary contributors. First-line management involves activity modification, flexibility training, and eccentric strengthening, while surgery is reserved for refractory cases with persistent ossicle formation. Early intervention focusing on tendon resilience and neuromuscular retraining can minimize long-term impact and improve functional outcomes.
A assistência pré-natal em uma unidade de Saúde da Família sob a perspectiva da mulher
Authors: Gonçalves Dias Ernandes , Freitas Antônio Augusto de Sá , Reis Jaene Sousa dos , Campos Lyliane Martins , Caldeira Maiza Barbosa
Published: February 2025

Introdução: A assistência pré-natal é uma estratégia de cuidado que inclui ações de cuidados para a mãe e o feto de forma a garantir desfechos gestacionais saudáveis. Objetivo: Conhecer as perspectivas de mulheres gestantes sobre a assistência pré-natal em uma Estratégia Saúde da Família de uma cidade do norte de Minas Gerais. Método: Trata-se de um estudo descritivo, qualitativo realizado com 14 gestantes. Os dados foram coletados entre agosto e setembro de 2023 a partir de entrevistas semiestruturadas e analisados mediante Análise Temática. Resultados: As gestantes foram orientadas sobre hábitos saudáveis a partir de ações educativas individuais e coletivas. O acesso e a disponibilização de exames e consultas com especialistas foi considerado um marcador de qualidade do pré-natal, sobretudo quando realizados no próprio município. O monitoramento do pré-natal era realizado a partir de anotações no prontuário eletrônico, em cadernos de controle e na caderneta da gestante. Conclusão: O trabalho da equipe de saúde investigada se mostrou coerente com as políticas de saúde implementadas no Brasil, reconhecido pelas gestantes, que se mostraram satisfeitas com o cuidado recebido. Isso denota a importância de estabelecer rotinas de práticas de saúde inclusivas, a fim de aumentar o vínculo entre as gestantes e os profissionais de saúde.
Evolução temporal do perfil epidemiológico da infecção HIV/AIDS, na Bahia, no período de 2012 a 2022: estudo ecológico
Authors: Santos Farias Leila Vitória , Santos Martins Tatiele , Santana Barros Rosa de Souza Gabriela , Silva Souza Mário Sérgio , Fernandes Cavalcante dos Santos Larissa , Dos Reis Garcia da Silva Malu , Oliveira Dias Giulia , Queiroz Lemos Amanda
Published: February 2025

Introdução: No Brasil, o HIV/AIDS tornou-se uma preocupação de saúde pública, sendo incluído na lista nacional de notificação compulsória de doenças. Identificar os grupos mais afetados, como idade, raça, sexo, escolaridade e tipo de relação sexual, é crucial para implementar intervenções eficazes. A falta de estudos sobre o tema, na Bahia, dificulta a compreensão das necessidades locais. Objetivo: Analisar o perfil epidemiológico do HIV/AIDS, na Bahia, de 2012 a 2022. Metodologia: Um estudo ecológico de série temporal foi realizado utilizando dados do Sistema de Informações SUVISA. Foram analisados residentes da Bahia notificados com CID-B24, excluindo menores de 10 anos. Variáveis coletadas: faixa etária, sexo, relações sexuais, escolaridade e raça. Resultados: O pico de casos ocorreu em 2018, representando 11,58% do total. Predominância de casos entre 20-34 anos, sexo masculino, raça parda, ensino fundamental e relações heteroafetivas. Conclusão: Houve maior transmissibilidade da infecção HIV/AIDS entre indivíduos heterossexuais, na Bahia, entre 2012 e 2022.
Espaço, identidade e constituição de sujeitos: entrevista com Mário Testa
Authors: Coelho Thereza Christina Bahia
Published: February 2025

O objetivo deste artigo é trazer uma reflexão sobre a identidade e a constituição dos sujeitos da saúde no espaço público efetuada durante uma entrevista realizada, em dezembro de 2008, com Mário Testa, pesquisador argentino que tem pensado estrategicamente a saúde coletiva, desde a década de 60. Médico, trabalhou como pesquisador bolsista no Centro de Estudos do Desenvolvimento (CENDES) da Universidade Central da Venezuela e participou da elaboração do Método de Planificação CENDES/ OPS, da criação do Instituto de Medicina do Trabalho, tendo escrito vários livros que inspiraram a reflexão teórica sobre o planejamento, o poder e a constituição de sujeitos do conhecimento na saúde, a partir de uma perspectiva crítica. Mário Testa recebeu o título de doutor honoris causa da Universidade Federal da Bahia e fez parte do Conselho Consultivo do Instituto de Salud Colectiva da Universidad de Lanús (UNLa). Faleceu no dia 5 de novembro de 2024, em sua casa, em Buenos Aires.
Las perífrasis de modalidad en la prosa económico-política española del siglo XVIII
Authors: Méndez Orense María
Published: February 2025

Este trabajo analiza el paradigma de las perífrasis de modalidad deber (de) + INF, haber de + INF, haber que + INF y tener que + INF en un corpus compuesto por tres textos representativos de la prosa culta del siglo XVIII y pertenecientes al ámbito de la economía política. El estudio de los datos sigue dos enfoques. En primer lugar, un análisis cuantitativo evalúa la frecuencia de uso cada perífrasis, identifica los valores semánticos principales que estas asumen (obligación/conveniencia por un lado; necesidad/tiempo futuro/epistemicidad, por otro), y examina una serie de variables morfosintácticas, tales como el tiempo y modo del verbo auxiliar, las personas gramaticales, la diátesis verbal, y el aspecto léxico del infinitivo auxiliado. En segundo lugar, se lleva a cabo un análisis textual cualitativo que profundiza en las funciones semánticas de las estructuras perifrásticas a partir del contexto y de la incidencia de la tradicionalidad discursiva en la configuración lingüística de las obras que conforman el corpus.
El fenómeno de fijación y su aplicación a algunos casos de esquema léxico del español y el francés
Authors: Hermoso Mellado-Damas Adelaida
Published: February 2025

Nuestro objetivo en este artículo es llevar a cabo una aplicación del fenómeno de fijación lingüística a dos unidades, una del español y otra del francés, que presentan una similitud formal: algo me dice que y quelque chose me dit que. Partiendo de la base de que ambas expresiones pertenecen a la categoría de locuciones adverbiales encargadas de marcar el discurso, trataremos con estructuras enunciativas del tipo [Adverbio + que + P], donde P representa los contenidos enunciados y el adverbio finalizado en la partícula que opera como marcador discursivo. Debido a la forma que presentan estas dos secuencias, se tratará aquí en particular de vincular el fenómeno de variación lingüística con las disciplinas de la sintaxis y la pragmática de las lenguas objeto de estudio. Intentaremos dilucidar de qué tipo de fijación se trata en estas expresiones; si esta es formal, semántica, pragmática, o aúna todas estas tipologías en un mismo proceso de cambio lingüístico. Concluiremos que debe haber un fuerte vínculo entre las matrices o esquemas léxicos de una lengua y el fenómeno de cambio lingüístico y fijación, ya sea este correspondiente a procesos de gramaticalización, más generalizados, ya sea a mecanismos y fases de lexicalización algo más concretos.
Presentació del monogràfic «La normativització i l’evolució de la llengua catalana»
Authors: Guardiola Savall M. Isabel , Martínez Martínez Caterina
Published: February 2025

L’estudi de la variació i el canvi lingüístics es troba actualment en una bona posició per a respondre interrogants importants sobre la caracterització de l’evolució de les varietats del català i la relació amb les llengües romàniques amb les quals manté i ha mantingut un contacte secular (aragonès, espanyol, occità, francès i italià), d’una banda, i, d’una altra, també estem en un punt dolç per a poder reflexionar sobre la influència del procés de codificació en la llengua contemporània. De retop, no es pot perdre de vista la repercussió d’aquest procés de normativització en la societat a través de la vertebració que en fan el sistema educatiu i els mitjans de comunicació, autèntics portals de difusió normativa i, per tant, de recerca sobre aquesta expansió.
Violencia contra periodistas en México, 2000-2023: censura del poder político y los grupos delincuenciales
Authors: Jimenez Badillo Margarita , Solano Ramírez Gabino
Published: February 2025

El periodismo en México se ha convertido en una actividad de riesgo, en algunas circunstancias llega al extremo de perder la vida por cubrir presuntos hechos de corrupción, impunidad o delitos asociados a la delincuencia organizada. En este estudio se exponen cuatro tipos de violencia contra periodistas en México de 2000 a 2023: 1. Asesinados, 2. Desaparecidos, 3. Desaparecidos/asesinados y 4. Desaparecidos/liberados. Se explora cómo la cobertura noticiosa que seguían los periodistas en sus reportajes, pudo ser causal de la violencia perpetrada por actores políticos y/o actores de poder fáctico, que optan por silenciar la comunicación crítica, evitando la difusión de información que visibilicen prácticas ilegales o delictivas. A partir de la base de datos construida en…, se documenta la relación entre el tipo de cobertura periodística que realizan los comunicadores y las violencias que éstos enfrentan, ejercida, sobre todo, por autoridades gubernamentales -principalmente del ámbito municipal-, y grupos delictivos, a la vez que las autoridades judiciales demeritan que la violencia esté asociada con el ejercicio periodístico.
FORCETRACKER: A versatile tool for standardized assessment of tissue contractile properties in 3D Heart-on-Chip platforms
Authors: Rivera-Arbeláez José M. , Dostanić Milica , Windt Laura M. , Stein Jeroen M. , Cofiño-Fabres Carla , Boonen Tom , Wiendels Maury , van den Berg Albert , Segerink Loes I. , Mummery Christine L. , Sarro Pasqualina M. , van Meer Berend J. , Ribeiro Marcelo C. , Mastrangeli Massimo , Passier Robert
Published: February 2025

Engineered heart tissues (EHTs) have shown great potential in recapitulating tissue organization, functions, and cell-cell interactions of the human heart in vitro. Currently, multiple EHT platforms are used by both industry and academia for different applications, such as drug discovery, disease modelling, and fundamental research. The tissues’ contractile force, one of the main hallmarks of tissue function and maturation level of cardiomyocytes, can be read out from EHT platforms by optically tracking the movement of elastic pillars induced by the contractile tissues. However, existing optical tracking algorithms which focus on calculating the contractile force are customized and platform-specific, often not available to the broad research community, and thus hamper head-to-head comparison of the model output. Therefore, there is the need for robust, standardized and platform-independent software for tissues’ force assessment. To meet this need, we developed ForceTracker: a standalone and computationally efficient software for analyzing contractile properties of tissues in different EHT platforms. The software uses a shape-detection algorithm to single out and track the movement of pillars’ tips for the most common shapes of EHT platforms. In this way, we can obtain information about tissues’ contractile performance. ForceTracker is coded in Python and uses a multi-threading approach for time-efficient analysis of large data sets in multiple formats. The software efficiency to analyze circular and rectangular pillar shapes is successfully tested by analyzing different format videos from two EHT platforms, developed by different research groups. We demonstrate robust and reproducible performance of the software in the analysis of tissues over time and in various conditions. ForceTracker’s detection and tracking shows low sensitivity to common incidental defects, such as alteration of tissue shape or air bubbles. Detection accuracy is determined via comparison with manual measurements using the software ImageJ. We developed ForceTracker as a tool for standardized analysis of contractile performance in EHT platforms to facilitate research on disease modeling and drug discovery in academia and industry.
TAS2R5 screening reveals biased agonism that fails to evoke internalization and downregulation resulting in attenuated desensitization
Authors: Kim Donghwa , Strzelinski Hannah R. , Liggett Stephen B.
Published: February 2025

The bitter taste receptor type 5 (TAS2R5) is expressed on multiple cell types and appears to be a suitable target for novel agonist treatments across multiple therapeutic areas. Like most G protein coupled receptors (GPCRs), TAS2R5 undergoes functional desensitization with prolonged agonist exposure which could limit effectiveness. The net loss of cellular receptors (termed downregulation) is a prominent mechanism of long-term desensitization; we screened 13 agonists for downregulation of receptor protein in TAS2R5-transfected HEK-293T and airway smooth muscle cells in culture, searching for pathway selectivity favoring G protein coupling over downregulation. The benchmark agonist 1,10-phenanthroline (denoted T5-1) evoked as much as 75% downregulation of TAS2R5 protein expression with 18-24 hrs of agonist exposure, while an analogue of T5-1 (denoted T5-12) caused a 2-3 fold increase in expression. Functionally, T5-1 and T5-12 were found to be full agonists when measuring [Ca2+]i or ERK1/2 stimulation. The T5-12 phenotype was found to be due to agonist-induced stabilization of the receptor confining it to the cell membrane with subsequent failure to undergo internalization and receptor degradation. This occurred despite normal (referenced to T5-1) GRK-mediated receptor phosphorylation and β-arrestin recruitment by T5-12. Consistent with the lack of downregulation, T5-12 evoked much less functional desensitization of the [Ca2+]i (43% vs 78%) and ERK1/2 (64% vs > 95%) responses compared to T5-1, respectively. We conclude that TAS2R5 pathway signaling is malleable to a more favorable therapeutic profile by agonist-receptor interactions that preserve primary signaling and minimizes desensitization.
Effects of biobanding on training loads and technical performance of young football players
Authors: de Macedo Jaimar Fellipe Silva , Laerte Lopes Ribeiro Bruno , de Morais Ferreira Ayrton Bruno , Oliveira Ricardo Santos , Mortatti Arnaldo Luis
Published: February 2025

Background

In adolescent sports, grouping by chronological age can advantage athletes born early in the year due to maturation differences. Early maturing athletes often achieve greater performance gains, are perceived as more talented, and receive more specialized training and workloads. This study aimed to assess the effects of biobanding on internal and external training loads, as well as technical performance during small-sided games (SSGs).

Methods

Twenty male footballers (11.8 ± 1.15 years) participated in this study. Athletes engaged in small-sided games (SSGs) under two conditions: (1) CA–teams formed based on chronological age; and (2) BIO–teams formed based on age relative to peak height velocity (pre-PHV = -2.5 to -1.5, and PHV = -1.5 to -0.5). External load (ETL) was quantified using the PlayerLoad method, while internal load (ITL) was measured using both training impulse (TRIMP) and session-RPE. Player involvement was determined by summing all technical actions performed during the SSGs, with involvement in the game assessed through video analysis of the sessions.

Results

BIO games significantly increased ETL for pre-PHV (EM = 415.5; 95%CI = 381.5–449.5 a.u.) compared to the CA games (EM = 388.8; 95% CI = 354.8–422.8 a.u.). PHV players had lower ETL (EM = 354.4; 95% CI = 320.4–388.4 a.u.) in BIO compared to CA games (EM = 366.0; 95% CI = 332.0–400.0 a.u.). No significant ITL differences were observed. BIO lowered steals among pre-PHV players vs. CA.

Conclusion

Biobanded games significantly increased external load (ETL) for pre-PHV players; however, this increase was not substantial enough to affect internal load (as measured by session-RPE and TRIMP) or player involvement.
On people’s perceptions of climate change and its impacts in a hotspot of global warming
Authors: Phuyal Parbati , Kramer Isabelle Marie , Kadel Indira , Wouters Edwin , Magdeburg Axel , Groneberg David A. , Kuch Ulrich , Ahrens Bodo , Dhimal Mandira Lamichhane , Dhimal Meghnath , Müller Ruth
Published: February 2025

The Hindu Kush Himalayan region is a global hotspot for climate change and highly vulnerable to its direct and indirect impacts. Understanding people’s perception of climate change is crucial for effective adaptation strategies. We conducted a study by using quantitative (Household survey, n = 660) and qualitative data collection tools (Focus group discussion, n = 12; In-depth interviews, n = 27) in central Nepal encompassing three altitudinal regions: Lowland (<1000 m amsl; Terai region), Midland (1000–1500 m amsl; hilly region) and Highland (1500–2100 m amsl; mountainous region). We analyzed 37 years (1981–2017) of climatic data from respective districts (Lowland: Chitwan, Dhading; Midland: Kathmandu, Lalitpur; Highland: Nuwakot, Rasuwa). People’s perception was compared with climate extreme indices measured along these regions and evaluated if they accurately recognized the impacts on the environment and human health. Our findings show significant climate changes, including rising summer temperature, region-specific winter temperatures and extended monsoon seasons in Nepal. Participants in our study accurately perceived these trends but misperceived heavy precipitation patterns. Reported impacts are rise in crop diseases, human diseases, vector expansion and climate induced disasters like floods, landslides, and water resource depletion, with perception accuracy varying by region. These insights highlight the importance of understanding regional and cross-regional perceptions in relation to climate data in order to develop tailored climate adaptation strategies. Policymakers can use this information to establish region-specific educational and communication initiatives, addressing communities’ distinctive vulnerabilities and needs across diverse landscapes. Such approaches can enhance equitable and effective climate resilience in subtropical to alpine regions.
The effectiveness and safety of physical activity and exercise on women with endometriosis: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Xie Min , Qing Xuemei , Huang Hailong , Zhang Linyun , Tu Qin , Guo Hongying , Zhang Jing
Published: February 2025

Background

Endometriosis is a debilitating, chronic disease that affects approximately 10% of women of reproductive age worldwide. The most common symptom is chronic pelvic pain, which leads to a reduced quality of life and requires lifelong treatment. The current standard of care for endometriosis is pain management, which consists mainly of medical and surgical treatment. Appropriate physical activity (PA) and exercise can help manage both physical and psychological symptoms of chronic conditions. Consequently, this systematic review and meta-analysis was designed to assess the effectiveness and safety of PA and exercise in women with endometriosis.

Methods

We searched the published literature in Pubmed, Medline, Embase, The Cochrane Library, and Web of Science. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) were obtained to assess the effects of physical activity and exercise on women with endometriosis. The random or fixed effects model was used to analyze the data in meta-analysis. The results were expressed as weighted mean differences (WMD) and their corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CIs).

Results

Six RCTs were identified in our systematic review, involving 251 patients. The results indicated that physical activity and exercise have a beneficial impact on quality of life, pain intensity, mental health, pelvic floor dysfunction, and bone density. However, due to the heterogeneity of the outcome measures and the incomplete reporting of the results in the studies included in this review, only a simple meta-analysis of two studies could be performed. The meta-analysis demonstrated that physical activity and exercise have a significant impact on the improvement of quality of life, particularly in the context of pain (P <0.0001), control and powerlessness (P <0.00001), and emotional well-being (P = 0.006).

Conclusion

The present review indicates that physical activity and exercise have beneficial effects on the treatment of symptoms associated with endometriosis, particularly in terms of improving quality of life and providing pain relief. Due to the limitation in the quality of involved studies and the short duration of treatment, more RCTs with high-quality, long-term duration are needed for further validation.

Trial registration

Systematic review registration: Registration number: CRD 42024547551.
Socioeconomic and academic consequences of COVID-19 pandemic on medical students from the University of Rwanda
Authors: Ndamukunda Olga Nadege Uwera , Mutuyimana Marie Therese , Umubano Fabiola , Tuyishime Eugene
Published: February 2025

Introduction

Little is known about the consequences of the COVID-19 pandemic on the life of university students in Sub Saharan Africa (SSA). The objective of this study was to evaluate the socioeconomic and academic consequences of the COVID-19 pandemic on medical students studying at the University of Rwanda.

Methods

This was a cross-sectional study. An online survey using google form was sent to medical students in clinical training (year 3 till year 5) using convenience sampling followed by snowball sampling method. We collected data on participants’ demographics, general knowledge on the COVID-19 pandemic and perception on mitigation measures, and socio-economic and academic consequences of the COVID-19 pandemic. Descriptive statistics were used in excel 2015 software to calculate participants’ responses and categorical data were presented using frequencies and percentages.

Results

A total 187 participants completed the survey. Most participants described disruption in routine activities (72.7%), reduced travelling (69%), church closing (64.2%), and loss of freedom (57.2%) as examples of negative social consequences. While financial uncertainty (64.7%), decrease in income (49.7%), and increase in poverty rate (42.2%) were the main economic consequences. Issues with academic progress (95.7%), limited social life (56.1%), and repeating the year (42.8%) were examples of negative academic consequences.

Conclusion

The results of this study suggest that the COVID-19 had a negative social, economic, and academic consequences on medical students at the University of Rwanda. These finding may guide the design of interventions to mitigate the consequences of COVID-19 and to protect medical students against future pandemics and crises.
TWINKLE: An open-source two-photon microscope for teaching and research
Authors: Schottdorf Manuel , Rich P. Dylan , Diamanti E. Mika , Lin Albert , Tafazoli Sina , Nieh Edward H. , Thiberge Stephan Y.
Published: February 2025

Many laboratories use two-photon microscopy through commercial suppliers, or homemade designs of considerable complexity. The integrated nature of these systems complicates customization, troubleshooting, and training on the principles of two-photon microscopy. Here, we present “Twinkle”: a microscope for Two-photon Imaging in Neuroscience, and Kit for Learning and Education. It is a fully open, high performing and easy-to-set-up microscope that can effectively be used for both education and research. The instrument features a >1 mm field of view, using a modern objective with 3 mm working distance and 2 inch diameter optics combined with GaAsP photomultiplier tubes to maximize the fluorescence signal. We document our experiences using this system as a teaching tool in several two week long workshops, exemplify scientific use cases, and conclude with a broader note on the place of our work in the growing space of open scientific instrumentation.
Managing flash flood crises with cultural perspectives: A user-centric feature identification study
Authors: Abdul Razak Siti Fatimah , Yogarayan Sumendra , Ali Bukar Umar , Sayeed Md. Shohel
Published: February 2025

Flash floods are severe disaster that have caused enormous damage to people, property, and the environment. Despite the conventional emphasis on technical and engineering solutions in controlling flash flood disasters, this study investigates the understudied issue of user-centric cultural viewpoints, inspired by Grid-Group Cultural Theory, and their potential impact on crisis management. The study collected 351 responses, primarily targeting adults in flood-prone areas using convenience sampling method with the goal of exploring cultural bias for feature identification of in-vehicle flash flood app. Accordingly, the research investigates the participants responses using quantitative approach which includes descriptive statistics, exploratory factor analysis, average factor, and rank scoring analysis to uncover critical user-centric cultural traits that might improve preparedness, response, and recovery activities during flash flood disasters. The findings of the study identified distinct cultural biases that impact perceptions and preferences regarding features of an in-vehicle flash flood app. By integrating Grid-Group Cultural Theory as a framework for analysis, the study highlights the importance of incorporating diverse cultural perspectives into flash flood management strategies. The result emphasizes the need to apply a holistic approach that integrates people’s knowledge and practices with technical solutions. Recommendations of features for future development of in-vehicle flash flood app is provided based on each cultural bias aligned with the theory to build more resilient communities in the face of flash flood occurrences.
Academic and Social Needs of Students of Grades 7–9 in Erbil Center
Authors: Hamza Mahmood M. , Mahmood Senik T.
Published: February 2025

The research delves into the issues and challenges facing students in grades 7–9 in the governmental schools in Erbil center. The majority of literature tackles these student groups combined with the other stage categories in the Erbil center. On the contrary, students at the secondary school levels, i.e., stage 7–9, are not investigated separately as needed since they have been a part of the larger sample populations. This research paper uses the transitional theory as the conceptual framework for the study. Issues like bullying, substance use, smoking, and peer pressure. A qualitative approach was used and focus groups were employed in addition to secondary data analysis in order to support the qualitative analysis. The research concluded that the above-stated challenges were evident among the study group in addition to the vital role of school social workers in dealing with these challenges. The boundary of the role of school social worker and low teacher-student ratio impacted the academic and social skills and achievement due to the limited authority in schools and the inability to participate in the formulation of Ministry of Education policy and programs. This research recommends raising the student-teacher ratio and sustainable training for teachers on communication and dealing with students at these grades.