bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Tropicalization of demersal megafauna in the western South Atlantic since 2013
Authors: Perez Jose Angel Alvarez , Sant’Ana Rodrigo
Published: October 2022

Temperatures in the southwest South Atlantic Ocean have increased over recent decades due to changes in Brazil's Current dynamics affecting marine ecosystems. However, the effects of ocean warming on demersal fauna in the region are poorly understood. Here, we analyse megafauna species composition, and changes in biomass of species with warm- and cold-water affinities for 29,021 commercial demersal catches landed in the harbours of Santa Catarina state, Brazil, between 2000 and 2019. We find evidence of megafauna tropicalization in the Brazilian Meridional Margin during this period. The mean temperature of catches has increased sharply since 2013, with the averaged optimal temperature preferences of all species in commercial catches in one year increasing at a rate of 0.41 °C yr−1. These changes in the mean temperature of the catch correlate well with model-based bottom water temperatures (with 0 and 1-year time-lag) and transport volumes of the Brazil Current (with 3 and 4-year time-lag).
A highly sensitive fluorescent nanoprobe for the amplified detection of formaldehyde
Authors: Qiao Yali , Lu Fang , Zheng Xingwang
Published: October 2022

A reaction-based, “turn-on” fluorescent sensing platform for the amplified detection of FA is designed based on polyethyleneimine-based polymer nanoparticles.
A novel approach for on-site screening of organophosphorus nerve agents based on DTNB modified AgNPs using surface-enhanced Raman spectrometry
Authors: Wu Jianfeng , Zhu Yingjie , Liu Yulong , Chen Jia , Guo Lei , Xie Jianwei
Published: October 2022

Organophosphorus nerve agents, such as, Sarin, Tabun, Soman and VX, would cause tremendous harm in military and terrorist attacks. The development of simple methods for the rapid and efficient detection of these hazardous substances is essential.
Dynamic effects of the spine of hydrated magnesium on viral RNA pseudoknot structure
Authors: Ramachandran Vysakh , Mainan Avijit , Roy Susmita
Published: October 2022

Minor groove narrowing in a viral RNA pseudoknot is induced by a spine of hydrated-Mg2+ at high Mg2+ concentration.
The interfacial thermal conductance spectrum in nonequilibrium molecular dynamics simulations considering anharmonicity, asymmetry and quantum effects
Authors: Xu Yixin , Yang Lina , Zhou Yanguang
Published: October 2022

The thermal conductance spectrum from the left interfacial Hamiltonian can be different from that of the right counterpart, which stems from the asymmetry of anharmonic phonon scatterings.
A combined molecular dynamics simulation and DFT study on mercapto-benzamide inhibitors for the HIV NCp7 protein
Authors: Cardia R. , Cappellini G. , Valentini M. , Pieroni E.
Published: October 2022

Molecular dynamics and quantum simulations are performed to elucidate some aspects of the action mechanism of mercapto-benzamides, a proposed class of antivirals against HIV-1.
Structural features and electrostatic energy storage of electric double layers in confined polyelectrolyte solutions under low-salt conditions
Authors: Jiao Kai , Zhang Wenyao , Chuan Rui , Yan Huilong , Zou Anqi , Wang Qiuwang , Yang Chun , Zhao Cunlu
Published: October 2022

Self-consistent field theory is used to systematically study the characteristics and electrostatic energy storage of electric double layers in confined polyelectrolyte solutions for salt-free and low salt concentration systems.
Density functional theoretical study of the tungsten-doped In2O3 catalyst for CO2 hydrogenation to methanol
Authors: Zou Rui , Sun Kaihang , Shen Chenyang , Liu Chang-Jun
Published: October 2022

W doping makes CO2 hydrogenation to methanol on In2O3 kinetically more favorable based on DFT calculations.
Importance of Cu and Ag regium–π bonds in supramolecular chemistry and biology: a combined crystallographic and ab initio study
Authors: de las Nieves Piña María , Mooibroek Tiddo J. , Frontera Antonio , Bauzá Antonio
Published: October 2022

Regium–π interactions in biology and supramolecular chemistry.
Synthesis, structural studies, interaction with DNA/HSA and antitumor evaluation of new Cu(ii) complexes containing 2-(1H-imidazol-2-yl)pyridine and amino acids
Authors: Cai Dai-Hong , Chen Bai-Hua , Liu Qi-Yan , Le Xue-Yi , He Liang
Published: October 2022

New Cu(ii) complexes with promising anticancer activity induce apoptosis in HepG2 cells through DNA damage and cytotoxic ROS-mediated mitochondrial dysfunction pathways.
In situ study of the evolution of NiFe nanocatalysts in reductive and oxidative environments upon thermal treatments
Authors: Robert François , Lecante Pierre , Girardon Jean-Sébastien , Wojcieszak Robert , Marceau Éric , Briois Valérie , Amiens Catherine , Philippot Karine
Published: October 2022

XAS monitoring of the reduction of partially oxidized NiFe nanoparticles evidenced an internal redox phenomenon induced by a residual Ni core, before complete reduction occurred with a change in the chemical structure from core–shell to alloy.
Locally-ordered A-site vacancy assisted photoluminescence enhancement in simply rare-earth doped perovskite oxide
Authors: Xia Lei , Xie Jiyang , Hu Wanbiao
Published: October 2022

An Sm3+and A-site vacancy doped CaTiO3phosphors, which demonstrate larger PL intensity than phosphors without vacancies. The formation of VAordering enables the exchange of charge between [Ca/VAOn] and [CaO12] clusters for enhanced PL properties.
Type-I PtS2/MoS2 van der Waals heterojunctions with tunable photovoltaic effects and high photosensitivity
Authors: Zhang Hui , Wang Zihan , Chen Jiawang , Tan Chaoyang , Yin Shiqi , Zhang Hanlin , Wang Shaotian , Qin Qinggang , Li Liang
Published: October 2022

A high-performance photodetector based on type-I PtS2/MoS2 van der Waals heterojunction is introduced. The photovoltaic effect and the photocurrent of this heterojunction can be effectively modulated by the negative gate voltage.
Ligand-flexible synthesis of strongly confined perovskite nanocrystals: a microwave synthetic approach
Authors: Romero Esquivel Gabriela , Toader Violeta , Reven Linda , Kambhampati Patanjali
Published: October 2022

Perovskite nanocrystals (PNCs) and their strongly confined versions have traditionally been synthesized via hot injection methods. Here we explore a microwave synthesis as a viable and more versatile alternative.
A synthetically benign one-pot construction of enamino-xanthene dyes
Authors: Garrido-Zoido Juan Manuel , Cajina Franklin , Matamoros Esther , Gil M. Victoria , Cintas Pedro , Palacios Juan C.
Published: October 2022

An eco-friendly route to xanthene dyes is reported. The outcome is determined by amine basicity and formation of enamine tautomers.
Facile access to the 2,2-difluoro-2,3-dihydrofuran skeleton without extra additives: DMF-promoted difluorocarbene formation of ClCF2CO2Na
Authors: Chen Zunsheng , Xie Xin , Chen Weiming , Luo Nianhua , Li Xiaoning , Yu Fuchao , Huang Jiuzhong
Published: October 2022

A practical and facile difluorocarbene-triggered cycloaddition reaction of enaminones was developed, which delivered 2,2-difluoro-2,3-dihydrofurans without any extra additives.
HFIP-promoted halo-carbocyclizations of N- and O-tethered arene–alkene substrates to access all halo (X = Br, I, Cl)-functionalized tetrahydroquinoline and chroman cores
Authors: Shukla Pushpendra Mani , Bhattacharya Aditya , Pratap Aniruddh , Pradhan Akash , Sinha Puspita , Soni Tanishk , Maji Biswajit
Published: October 2022

Herein, a HFIP-promoted mild and efficient method for the synthesis of all halo (X = Br, I, Cl)-functionalized tetrahydroquinoline and chroman building blocks is disclosed.
Sulfur–DMSO promoted oxidative coupling of active methylhetarenes with amines: access to amides
Authors: Nguyen Thi Thu Tram , Duong Viet Dung , Pham Thi Ngoc Nga , Duong Quoc Thanh , Nguyen Thanh Binh
Published: October 2022

The sulfur–DMSO couple was found to promote the coupling of active methylhetarenes with amines to yield amides under heating conditions. When 2-methylquinoline was used as the methylhetarene component, the reaction could be catalyzed by Fe, Co and Ni salts.
Surface-halogen-introduced 2D NiCo bimetallic MOFsviaa modulation method for elevated electrochemical glucose sensing
Authors: Li Panpan , Bai Yang , Zhang Guangxun , Guo Xiaotian , Meng Xiangren , Pang Huan
Published: October 2022

A series of NiCo MOFs is prepared through a simple method by introducing pyridine as modulator and 4-halogenpyridine as surface functional group. The MOFs show excellent electrocatalytic activity and stability for the glucose oxidation reaction.
Self-fused concatenation of interferon with enhanced bioactivity, pharmacokinetics and antitumor efficacy
Authors: Hu Jin , Shi Jianquan , Yuan Yeshuang , Li Shengjie , Zhang Bo , Dong Haitao , Zhong Qing , Xie Qiu , Bai Xiaoyin , Li Yingxing
Published: October 2022

An easy but universal protein modification approach, self-fused concatenation (SEC), to biosynthesize a set of interferon concatemers with improved pharmaceutical profiles.
Reactivity of anatase (001) surface from first-principles many-body Green's function theory
Authors: Jin Fan , Zhao Zhichao
Published: October 2022

The unreconstructed (001) surface seems to have superior reactivity than the reconstructed shapes.
Predictions of success in organic chemistry based on a mathematics skills test and academic achievement
Authors: Lee Kathleen S. , Rix Brad , Spivey Michael Z.
Published: October 2022

Organic Chemistry I presents challenges to many students pursuing diverse fields of study, oftentimes curtailing further progress in those fields. The ability to identify students at risk of unsuccessful course outcomes may lead to improved success rates by offering tailored resources to those students. Previously identified predictors include college entrance exam scores, grade point averages (GPA), General Chemistry II course grades, first exam scores, and results from a logical thinking assessment. This work explores the use of the 20-item Math-Up Skills Test (MUST) in a first-semester organic chemistry course over two years at a small private university. Analysis of scores on the MUST, which is taken during the first week of the semester, indicates a statistically significant difference between successful and unsuccessful first-time students (n = 74 and 49, respectively) as the MUST has good internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha = 0.861) and a large effect size (Cohen's d = 1.29). Taken alone, the MUST predicts students at risk of not passing the course with 64% accuracy; addition of start-of-term science GPA data improves predictions to 82% accuracy. Predictions are further improved with incorporation of scores from the first exam of the semester. Observations to date indicate that the MUST is an easily administered assessment that can be utilized alone or as part of a trio of measures to predict success in first-semester Organic Chemistry. Implications of a mathematics assessment as a predictor for Organic Chemistry are addressed.
The effect of caesium alloying on the ultrafast structural dynamics of hybrid organic–inorganic halide perovskites
Authors: Gallop Nathaniel P. , Ye Junzhi , Greetham Gregory M. , Jansen Thomas L. C. , Dai Linjie , Zelewski Szymon J. , Arul Rakesh , Baumberg Jeremy J. , Hoye Robert L. Z. , Bakulin Artem A.
Published: October 2022

Using advanced spectroscopic and photophysical techniques, we describe how the inorganic cage affects the rotation of the organic cations in caesium-alloyed hybrid inorganic–organic perovskites.
Metal-related electrocatalysts for Li–CO2batteries: an overview of the fundamentals to explore future-oriented strategies
Authors: Lv Huanzhu , Huang Xiang Long , Zhu Xiaoqi , Wang Bin
Published: October 2022

This work comprehensively introduces recent innovative work on metal-related electrocatalysts for Li–CO2batteries.
A flexible wearable strain sensor for human-motion detection and a human–machine interface
Authors: Zhang Hao , Zhang Dongzhi , Guan Jingrun , Wang Dongyue , Tang Mingcong , Ma Yanhua , Xia Hui
Published: October 2022

Electronic skin arrays and smart gloves are designed based on AgNFs/MWCNTs flexible strain sensors to realize motion monitoring and human–computer interactions.
A general approach for all-visible-light switching of diarylethenes through triplet sensitization using semiconducting nanocrystals
Authors: Hou Lili , Larsson Wera , Hecht Stefan , Andréasson Joakim , Albinsson Bo
Published: October 2022

A simple, efficient and general approach for all-visible-light switching of photochromic diarylethenes is developed through triplet sensitization from CdS nanocrystals, which has high potential for all-visible-light activated optoelectronics.
Recent progress in imidazole based efficient near ultraviolet/blue hybridized local charge transfer (HLCT) characteristic fluorophores for organic light-emitting diodes
Authors: Jairam Tagare , Hong Wan Pyo
Published: October 2022

This review presents mechanisms and design strategies to obtain novel blue HLCT characteristic fluorophores for high-performance blue OLEDs. Depending on their molecular structures and functional groups they are further classified.
Calibration-based abundances in the interstellar gas of galaxies from slit and IFU spectra
Authors: Pilyugin L. S. , Lara-López M. A. , Vílchez J. M. , Duarte Puertas S. , Zinchenko I. A. , Dors O. L.
Published: October 2022

In this work, we make use of available integral field unit (IFU) spectroscopy and slit spectra of several nearby galaxies. The pre-existing empirical R and S calibrations for abundance determinations are constructed using a sample of H II regions with high-quality slit spectra. In this paper, we test the applicability of those calibrations to the IFU spectra. We estimate the calibration-based abundances obtained using both the IFU and the slit spectroscopy for eight nearby galaxies. The median values of the slit and IFU spectra-based abundances in bins of 0.1 in fractional radius Rg (normalised to the optical radius R25) of a galaxy are determined and compared. We find that the IFU and the slit spectra-based abundances obtained through the R calibration are close to each other; the mean value of the differences of abundances is 0.005 dex, and the scatter in the differences is 0.037 dex for 38 datapoints. The S calibration can produce systematically underestimated values of the IFU spectra-based abundances at high metallicities (12 + log(O/H) ≳8.55); the mean value of the differences is −0.059 dex for 21 datapoints, while at lower metallicities the mean value of the differences is −0.018 dex and the scatter is 0.045 dex for 36 data points. This provides evidence that the R calibration produces more consistent abundance estimations between the slit and the IFU spectra than the S calibration. We find that the same calibration can produce close estimations of the abundances using IFU spectra obtained with different spatial resolution and different spatial samplings. This is in line with the recent finding that the contribution of the diffuse ionised gas to the large-aperture spectra of H II regions has a secondary effect.
A finite-volume scheme for modeling compressible magnetohydrodynamic flows at low Mach numbers in stellar interiors
Authors: Leidi G. , Birke C. , Andrassy R. , Higl J. , Edelmann P. V. F. , Wiest G. , Klingenberg C. , Röpke F. K.
Published: October 2022

Fully compressible magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) simulations are a fundamental tool for investigating the role of dynamo amplification in the generation of magnetic fields in deep convective layers of stars. The flows that arise in such environments are characterized by low (sonic) Mach numbers (ℳson ≲ 10−2). In these regimes, conventional MHD codes typically show excessive dissipation and tend to be inefficient as the Courant–Friedrichs–Lewy (CFL) constraint on the time step becomes too strict. In this work we present a new method for efficiently simulating MHD flows at low Mach numbers in a space-dependent gravitational potential while still retaining all effects of compressibility. The proposed scheme is implemented in the finite-volume SEVEN-LEAGUE HYDRO (SLH) code, and it makes use of a low-Mach version of the five-wave Harten–Lax–van Leer discontinuities (HLLD) solver to reduce numerical dissipation, an implicit–explicit time discretization technique based on Strang splitting to overcome the overly strict CFL constraint, and a well-balancing method that dramatically reduces the magnitude of spatial discretization errors in strongly stratified setups. The solenoidal constraint on the magnetic field is enforced by using a constrained transport method on a staggered grid. We carry out five verification tests, including the simulation of a small-scale dynamo in a star-like environment at ℳson ~ 10−3. We demonstrate that the proposed scheme can be used to accurately simulate compressible MHD flows in regimes of low Mach numbers and strongly stratified setups even with moderately coarse grids.
Le travail en agriculture dans la littérature académique internationale (2010–2019)
Authors: Malanski Priscila Duarte , Schiavi Sandra Mara de Alencar , Dedieu Benoît
Published: October 2022

Dans le monde, près de la moitié de la population vit en milieu rural et l’agriculture est le deuxième secteur qui emploie le plus. Les problématiques liées au travail en agriculture sont diverses. Notre objectif est de caractériser le panorama international des thématiques de recherche sur le travail en agriculture à partir d’une analyse bibliométrique des articles anglophones publiés entre 2010 et 2019 dans les bases de données Web of Science et Scopus. Nous avons réalisé des analyses synchroniques (i.e. identification de réseaux de co-occurrence de mots-clés) et diachroniques (i.e. évolution de l’importance de certains objets de recherche dans le temps). Six principales thématiques de recherche sont identifiées : allocation de la main-d’œuvre, dynamiques du marché du travail, genre et vulnérabilités, santé au travail, organisation du travail dans les exploitations, gouvernance du travail dans les chaînes agroalimentaires. Les approches disciplinaires sont les plus fréquentes pour analyser les différentes problématiques, mais elles peinent à les relier les unes aux autres. Les sept objets de recherche identifiés à partir des thématiques (genre, migrations, travail des enfants, santé, organisation du travail, emploi, gouvernance du travail dans les chaînes agroalimentaires) ont suivi différentes évolutions pendant les 10 dernières années (consolidation, instabilité, émergence). Ce panorama suggère que la pluridisciplinarité est nécessaire pour explorer des objets émergents (ex. : migrations, gouvernance du travail dans les chaînes agroalimentaires) et ceux qui sont au croisement des enjeux de société (ex. : innovations).
A bound for the Aα-spectral radius of a connected graph after vertex deletion
Authors: Wang Chunxiang , She Tao
Published: October 2022

G is a simple connected graph with adjacency matrix A(G) and degree diagonal matrix D(G). The signless Laplacian matrix of G is defined as Q(G) = D(G) + A(G). In 2017, Nikiforov [1] defined the matrix Aα(G) = α D(G) + (1 − α)A(G) for α ∈ [0,1]. The Aα-spectral radius of G is the maximum eigenvalue of Aα (G). In 2019, Liu et al. [2] defined the matrix Θk(G) as Θk (G) = kD(G) + A(G), for k ∈ ℝ. In this paper, we present a new type of lower bound for the Aα-spectral radius of a graph after vertex deletion. Furthermore, we deduce some corollaries on Θk (G), A(G), Q(G) matrices.
Regionale Unterschiede von Schilddrüsenfunktionsparametern:
ein Vergleich europäischer Kohortenstudien
Authors: Girschik Carolin , Muchalla Philipp , Kowall Bernd , Zwanziger Denise , Erbel Raimund , Ittermann Till , Meisinger Christa , Stang Andreas , Jöckel Karl-Heinz , Führer Dagmar
Published: October 2022

Ziel der Studie Ziel des Vorhabens ist die Untersuchung regionaler
Unterschiede in der Konzentration von Thyreoidea-stimulierendem Hormon (TSH),
freiem Thyroxin (fT4) und des Jodstatus in komparablen deutschen und
europäischen Kohortenstudien.

Methodik Die geschlechts- und altersstratifizierten TSH-, fT4- und
Urin-Jodkonzentrationen der anamnestisch schilddrüsengesunden Teilnehmer
(Altersgruppe 45–75 Jahre) der HNR (Heinz Nixdorf Recall) Studie im
Ruhrgebiet Deutschlands, der süddeutschen KORA (Kooperative
Gesundheitsforschung in der Region Augsburg) und nordostdeutschen SHIP (Study of
Health in Pomerania) Studie sowie der norwegischen HUNT (Nord-Trøndelag
Health) Studie (Altersgruppe 40–79 Jahre), der englischen EPIC (European
Prospective Investigation of Cancer)-Norfolk Studie und der
niederländischen Rotterdam Studie wurden miteinander verglichen. Der
TSH-Referenzbereich für die HNR Studienpopulation wurde berechnet und
der KORA und SHIP Studie gegenübergestellt.

Ergebnisse Regionale Unterschiede zeigten in der Altersgruppe der 45- bis
75- Jährigen einen stärkeren Einfluss auf die TSH- und
fT4-Konzentrationen als das Geschlecht und das Alter der Probanden. Die
geschätzte Differenz der Mediane, gemessen an der HNR Studie, war mit
−0,47 (95% KI: −0,53; −0,41) für die
Männer und −0,41 (−0,53; −0,41) für die
Frauen in der SHIP Studie am geringsten. Die Rotterdam Studie wies sowohl
für Männer als auch Frauen die höchste Differenz der
Mediane (Männer: 0,56 mit 0,44; 0,68 und Frauen: 0,62 mit 0,46; 0,78)
auf. Die geringsten medianen TSH-Konzentrationen wurden, über alle
betrachteten Alterskategorien, in den deutschen Kohorten beobachtet.

Schlussfolgerung Der Vergleich der Schilddrüsenfunktionsparameter
und Jod bei älteren Probanden zwischen sechs vergleichbaren
Kohortenstudien aus Deutschland und Europa zeigte einen bedeutenden Einfluss der
Region, welcher die Geschlechts- und Altersabhängigkeit der Parameter
überstieg.
Osteoprotektion als Baustein der Therapie des metastasierten Prostatakarzinoms: Behandlungsrealität in Deutschland und Entscheidungspfade zur Therapieoptimierung
Authors: Hupe Marie Christine , Müller Marten , Struck Julian Peter , Wießmeyer Judith Riccarda , Ozimek Tomasz , Steuber Thomas , Gschwend Jürgen , Hammerer Peter , Kramer Mario , Merseburger Axel S.
Published: October 2022

Hintergrund Die Osteoprotektion bei Prostatakarzinompatienten spielt nicht nur in der ossär metastasierten kastrationsresistenten (mCRPC) Situation eine Rolle. Auch im ossär metastasiertem hormonsensitiven Stadium (mHSPC) und im Allgemeinen begleitend zur Androgendeprivationstherapie (ADT) wird eine Osteoprotektion empfohlen. Diese Studie soll die Anwendungsrealität der verschiedenen Arten der Osteoprotektion beim metastasierten Prostatakarzinom in Deutschland aufzeigen.

Material und Methoden Es wurde ein Online-Fragebogen bestehend aus 16 Fragen zur Erfassung der Behandlungsrealität in Deutschland entwickelt und an Mitglieder der Arbeitskreise Onkologie und urologische Onkologie (AKO/AUO) sowie an Kollegen der Klinik für Urologie des Universitätsklinikums Schleswig-Holstein (Campus Lübeck), des Klinikums Braunschweig und der Technischen Universität München verschickt. Mithilfe der aktuellen Studienlage, Fachinformationen und Leitlinien wurden ferner Entscheidungspfade für das ossär metastasierte Prostatakarzinom und für den ADT-induzierten Knochenschwund entwickelt.

Ergebnisse Zusammenfassend ergab die Auswertung, dass die Osteoprotektion beim ossär mCRPC zur Routine gehört. Beim ossär mHSPC hingegen wird eine Osteoprotektion seltener indiziert und ist zur Reduktion eines ADT-induzierten Knochenschwundes noch weniger im Einsatz. Denosumab wird häufiger genutzt als Zoledronsäure. Die vorgestellten Entscheidungspfade illustrieren die verschiedenen Dosierungs- und Applikationsschemata in den verschiedenen Stadien des metastasierten Prostatakarzinoms.

Schlussfolgerung Die Osteoprotektion beim Prostatakarzinom ist facettenreich und nicht nur auf das ossär mCRPC beschränkt. Osteoprotektive Maßnahmen sind ein wichtiger Baustein im ganzheitlichen Therapiekonzept des metastasierten Prostatakarzinoms.
„Floating Hip“: Epidemiologie und Qualität der Versorgung
Authors: Audretsch Christof Karl , Trulson Alexander , Stöckle Ulrich , Histing Tina , Küper Markus Alexander , Herath Steven C.
Published: October 2022

Einleitung Bei einer „floating-hip“-Verletzung handelt es sich um eine seltene, in der Behandlung komplexe Fraktur, die das Becken und das ipsilaterale Femur betrifft. Daten und
Studien zu diesem Thema sind immer noch spärlich. Die optimale Strategie für die chirurgische Behandlung und damit die daraus resultierende Behandlungsqualität ist nach wie vor umstritten;
häufig wird eine „Femur-first“-Strategie bevorzugt. Methoden Retrospektiv wurden Patienten mit einer Beckenfraktur untersucht, die zwischen 2003 und 2017 im Level-I-Traumazentrum der
Universität Tübingen behandelt wurden. Patienten mit einer zusätzlichen ipsilateralen Femurfraktur wurden in diesem Kollektiv identifiziert. Wir verglichen die Qualität der Behandlung von
Beckenfrakturen zwischen „floating-hip“- und „non-floating-hip“-Beckenfrakturen. Ergebnisse Proximale Femurfrakturen traten bei Beckenringfrakturen häufiger auf (n = 16) als bei
Azetabulumfrakturen (n = 1). „Floating-hip“-Verletzungen treten bei jüngeren polytraumatisierten männlichen Patienten häufiger auf. Beckenfrakturen bei „floating-hip“-Verletzungen werden
häufiger operiert (62,8% vs. 39,1%; p = 0,003) und der klinische Verlauf ist signifikant länger (27,8 ± 19,3 vs. 19,9 ± 23,1 Tage; p < 0,001). Die Qualität der Behandlung der
Beckenfraktur, gemessen an Morbidität (18,6% vs. 14,6%; p = 0,610) und Mortalität (7,0% vs. 2,6%; p = 0,108), zeigt jedoch keine Unterschiede. Schlussfolgerung Verletzungsschwere und
Komplexität der Beckenfraktur sind bei „floating-hip“-Verletzungen signifikant höher, ohne jedoch die resultierende Behandlungsqualität zu beeinträchtigen. Eine
„Femur-first“-Behandlungsstrategie wird von uns und in der Literatur bevorzugt. In einem Flussdiagramm werden dementsprechende Algorithmen für die Notfallbehandlung und die endgültige
Versorgung vorgeschlagen.
Die Zuverlässigkeit der präoperativen Knietotalendoprothesenplanung - ein Vergleich zweier Kalibrierungsmarker
Authors: Grevenstein David , Oppermann Johannes , Spies Christian Karl , Paul Christian , Eysel Peer , Ott Nadine
Published: October 2022

Hintergrund Die präoperative Prothesenplanung ist der Goldstandard bei der Implantation einer elektiven Knietotalendoprothese. In dieser Studie führen wir eine retrospektive Analyse zweier verschiedener Kalibrationsmarker durch. Methoden Die präoperative Implantatplanung mittels MediCad wurde in 231 Fällen durchgeführt. Wir verglichen in 2 Gruppen die Treffsicherheit einer Kalibration mittels Kugelmarker gegen eine mithilfe des KingMark-Systems durchgeführte Kalibrierung, indem die präoperativ geplanten Größen mit den tatsächlich implantierten Größen verglichen wurden. Resultate Insgesamt zeigte sich in 60,4% (n = 140) der Fälle kein kombiniertes femorotibiales Match, sprich mindestens eines der geplanten Implantate wich in seiner Größe von der Planung ab. In 39,4% (n = 91) zeigte sich eine treffende Vorhersage der Implantatgrößen in der Messung sowohl femoral als auch tibial. Gruppe 1 zeigte eine
statistisch signifikant bessere Vorhersage der Implantatgröße für das kombinierte femorotibiale Match der Implantatgrößen sowie für die femorale Größe allein. Schlussfolgerung Auf Basis unserer Studie sollte das KingMark-Kalibrierungssystem gegenüber standardisierten Kugelmarkern bevorzugt werden. Insgesamt liefern beide Systeme jedoch keine zufriedenstellende Vorhersage der tatsächlichen Prothesengröße.
Zusammenhang zwischen der seitenabhängigen präoperativ bestimmten intraprostatischen Tumorlokalisation mittels Stanzbiopsie und HistoScanning und der Lymphknotenmetastasierung des Prostatakarzinoms
Authors: Niemann Debora , Hamann Claudius , Jünemann Klaus-Peter , Knüpfer Stephanie , Osmonov Daniar
Published: October 2022

Einleitung Anhand dieser Studie soll untersucht werden, ob es präoperativ möglich ist, mittels Stanzbiopsie oder HistoScanning, die Lymphknotenmetastasenseite/n des Prostatakarzinoms vorherzusagen bzw. einzugrenzen.

Material Die Studie ist retrospektiv angelegt. In die Studie werden 56 Patienten eingeschlossen. Einschlusskriterien sind eine radikale Prostatektomie mit extendierter Lymphadenektomie und ein positiver Lymphknotenstatus. Der Zusammenhang zwischen der präoperativ bestimmten Seit des Tumors innerhalb der Prostata und der Seite der Lymphknotenmetastasen wird analysiert.

Methoden Die Datenerhebung erfolgt mittels Microsoft Office 365 Excel und IBM SPSS Statistics Subscription. Zur Testung wird der exakte Fisher-Test angewendet. Als statistisch signifikant werden p-Werte < 0,05 gewertet.

Ergebnisse Ein signifikanter Zusammenhang zeigt sich zwischen der mittels Stanzbiopsie bestimmten Seite/n des Tumors innerhalb der Prostata und der Seite/n der Lymphknotenmetastasen. Bei 83% der Patienten mit einem einseitig festgestellten Stanzbiopsiebefund zeigt sich eine Lymphknotenmetastasierung in eine Körperhälfte, ipsilateral oder kontralateral. Ein Anteil von 75% dieser Patienten hat ausschließlich Lymphknotenmetastasen auf der ipsilateralen Körperseite aufzuweisen. Bezüglich des HistoScannings zeigt sich kein signifikanter Zusammenhang. In der histologischen Begutachtung nach radikaler Prostatektomie zeigt sich bei 89% der Patienten ein beidseits positiver Tumorbefall.

Schlussfolgerung Sowohl die Stanzbiopsie als auch das HistoScanning scheinen die Tumorausdehnung innerhalb der Prostata zu unterschätzen. Auf Grund dieser Ungenauigkeiten ist trotz zum Teil signifikanter Ergebnisse eine Empfehlung der Beschränkung der Lymphadenektomie auf den seitenanalogen Bereich nicht möglich.
Screening auf Mangelernährung bei Kopf-Hals-Tumor-Patienten vor onkologischer Therapie
Authors: Lehner Uta , Zaretsky Eugen , Goeze Almut , Wermter Laura , Birk Richard , Neff Andreas , Fisher Ingo , Ghanaati Shahram , Daffner Anna , Sader Robert , Hey Christiane
Published: October 2022

Hintergrund Patienten mit einem Kopf-Hals-Tumor besitzen ein hohes Risiko, peri- bzw. posttherapeutisch eine Mangelernährung zu entwickeln, die den onkologischen Therapieerfolg entscheidend beeinflussen kann. Prätherapeutisch ist hierüber wenig bekannt. Daher ist das Ziel der vorliegenden Studie die prätherapeutische systematische Erfassung des Ernährungszustandes und des Risikos für das Auftreten einer Mangelernährung.

Material und Methoden Bei 102 Kopf-Hals-Tumor-Patienten erfolgte die prätherapeutische Untersuchung des Ernährungszustandes via Body-Mass-Index (BMI) sowie des Risikos für Mangelernährung via „Nutritional Risk Screening“ (NRS). An möglichen Einflussfaktoren wurden Tumorstadium, -lokalisation, Patientenalter, -geschlecht und das Bestehen einer oropharyngealen Dysphagie, identifiziert über Flexible Endoskopische Evaluation des Schluckvorgangs (FEES), analysiert.

Ergebnisse Eine Mangel- bzw. Unterernährung, bemessen am BMI, bestand prätherapeutisch bei bereits 6% der Patienten, ein Risiko für Mangelernährung laut NRS bei 27%, eine oropharyngeale Dysphagie bei 15%. Nur das Vorliegen einer oropharyngealen Dysphagie erwies sich in der linearen Regression als signifikanter Einflussfaktor auf das Risiko einer Mangelernährung (β = 0,380/3,776; p < 0,001).

Schlussfolgerungen Bereits prätherapeutisch besteht ein Risiko einer Mangelernährung bei einem Viertel der Kopf-Hals-Tumor-Patienten. Um dieses frühzeitig zu erkennen und um bereits zu Beginn der onkologischen Therapie Maßnahmen zu ihrer Vermeidung einzuleiten, empfiehlt sich daher bereits prätherapeutisch die Untersuchung des Schluckvermögens sowie das systematische Screening auf Mangelernährung via NRS.
Die Bedeutung der Hochdurchsatz-Sequenzierung in der medizinisch genetischen Diagnostik und Beratung
Authors: Schaflinger Erich , Enko Dietmar
Published: October 2022

Next-Generation-Sequencing ist ein modernes diagnostisches Hochdurchsatz-Verfahren (Multi-Gen-Analysen), durch dessen Einsatz sowohl hereditäre Krebserkrankungen (Tumordispositionssyndrome, Keimbahndiagnostik) als auch somatische Alterationen in Tumoren besser abgeklärt werden können. Der breitere Einsatz dieser Technologie im medizinischen Alltag zeigt das tatsächliche Ausmaß der interindividuellen genetischen Variabilität. Wichtige Bedeutung hat dieses Verfahren für die Untersuchung von heterogenen genetischen Erkrankungen (z. B. Tumorerkrankungen, neurodegenerativen und -muskulären Erkrankungen) erlangt. Weitere Indikationsgebiete stellen die Pharmakogenetik sowie die nicht invasive Pränataldiagnostik dar. Es ist zu erwarten, dass dieses diagnostische Mittel eine breite klinische Anwendung finden wird. Mit der rasanten Zunahme und Komplexität genetischer Dateninformationen nimmt die richtige Interpretation und Übermittlung der Befunde in der humangenetischen Beratung (Keimbahndiagnostik) einen hohen Stellenwert ein. Die genetische Beratung muss entsprechend neu ausgerichtet und adaptiert werden.
Emission-Tunable and Elastically Bendable Organic Polymorphs for Lasing Media
Authors: Tang Baolei , Tang Shiyue , Ye Kaiqi , Zhang Hongyu
Published: October 2022

Crystal engineering has served as a powerful strategy to grow organic molecular crystals with different physical behaviors and this strategy has been also attempted for a purpose to grow crystals with desired mechanical properties; however, it is quite challenging to endow all different crystal phases constructed by the same compound with unique reversible deformation, such as elastic bending. We herein report a rare example of all-polymorph elastic crystals accompanied by precisely tunable emission colors. Single-crystal structure analyses and their optical and mechanical properties have been fully investigated on all polymorphs. The color-tunable amplified spontaneous emissions of both the straight and elastically bent polymorphs demonstrate the applicability of these elastic polymorphs in future wearable optoelectronic devices.
Androgens’ Role in Severity and Mortality Rates of
COVID-19
Authors: Ataei Ali , Derakhshan Mohammad Moein , Razmjooie Mohadese , Zare Fateme , Amiresmaeili Habibe , Salehi Negin , Namakkoobi Negar , Mirhosseini Hamid , Karim Bardia , Iravani Sima
Published: October 2022

By the end of December 2019 new corona virus began to spread from Wuhan, China
and caused a worldwide pandemic. COVID-19 deaths and prevalence represented sex
discrepant patterns with higher rate of deaths and infection in males than
females which could be justified by androgen-mediated mechanisms. This review
aimed to assess the role of androgens in COVID-19 severity and mortality.
Androgens increase expressions of Type II transmembrane Serine Protease
(TMPRSS2) and Angiotensin Converting Enzyme 2 (ACE2), which both facilitate new
corona virus entry into host cell and their expression is higher in young males
than females. According to observational studies, prevalence of COVID-19
infections and deaths was more in androgenic alopecic patients than patients
without androgenic alopecia. The COVID-19 mortality rates in aged men
(>60 years) were substantially higher than aged females and even young
males caused by high inflammatory activities such as cytokine storm due to
hypogonadism in this population. Use of anti-androgen and TMPRSS2 inhibitor
drugs considerably modified COVID-19 symptoms. Androgen deprivation therapy also
improved COVID-19 symptoms in prostate cancer: overall the role of androgens in
severity of COVID-19 and its associated mortality seemed to be very important.
So, more studies in variety of populations are required to define the absolute
role of androgens.
Combination of Advanced Platelet-Rich Fibrin and Pentoxifylline/Tocopherol as a Novel Preventive Option in Osteoradionecrosis: A Case Report
Authors: Vorakulpipat Pasinee , Suphangul Suphachai , Fuangtharnthip Pornpoj , Ghanaati Shahram , Vorakulpipat Chakorn
Published: October 2022

Osteoradionecrosis (ORN) of the jaws is an uncommon complication of radiation therapy that seriously affects the oral and maxillofacial region. Management of ORN is intrinsically difficult and treatment effects are unpredictable. ORN can be treated with pentoxifylline/tocopherol and autologous platelet concentrates to promote wound healing. Furthermore, the low speed of relative centrifugal forces platelet-rich fibrin (PRF + ) has been shown high efficacy for ORN. A 72-year-old male patient with history of radiation treatment for squamous cell carcinoma in the left side of the tongue. Six years after the treatment, his upper right first molar tooth (no. 16) was surgically extracted due to persistent pain. A few months following the extraction, intraoral examination showed gingival inflammation, and pain when palpation around the edentulous area of tooth no. 16. Radiological examination revealed retained root of 16 with radiolucent area and horizontal bone loss around upper right second molar tooth (no. 17). Pentoxifylline and tocopherol were given for a week before the surgical operation and were continued for 8 weeks after the operation. Retained roots of teeth no. 16 and 17 were removed and the sockets were debrided, the advanced PRF+ (A-PRF + ) membranes were placed followed by primary wound closure. Following 2 weeks of treatment, the mucosa healed and progressed to complete mucosal coverage at 2 months with no pathological findings or ORN progression. At 6-month follow-up, clinical and cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) revealed no pathology. Our case demonstrates that the combination of pentoxifylline/tocopherol and the A-PRF+ surgical approach can be useful for wound healing and prevention of ORN.
The “COVID-19 Approach” to Distal Radius Fracture Management
Authors: Walker Lucy C. , O'Connor David , Richards Simon W. , Southgate Jeremy J.
Published: October 2022

Background In response to the coronavirus pandemic the British Orthopaedic Association Standards for Trauma and Orthopaedics (BOAST) guidelines advised treating distal radius fractures (DRFs) non-operatively where possible.

Questions/Purpose The aim of this study was to assess whether the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic lockdown within the United Kingdom did alter the management of DRFs and whether there was any subsequent change in patient outcome or complication rate.

Patients and Methods A retrospective cohort study was performed at a single orthopaedic center within the United Kingdom. The cohort of patients presenting with DRFs during the first lockdown was identified through the virtual fracture clinic database. The cohort of patients from the previous year was also identified for comparison. Data was collected on patient demographics, radiological features of the fractures, management, patient outcome and subsequent complications. Comparisons were then made between the cohorts for each year.

Results The pre-COVID cohort had a significantly higher number of patients reviewed in face-to-face clinic appointments (p = 0.0044) and the mean number of clinic appointments for those patients was significantly higher (p = 0.0149). There was no significant difference between the cohorts regarding patient complications or any need for return to theater with a minimum 10 month follow-up period.

Conclusion Despite comparative numbers and patterns of DRFs as well as no significant difference in the number of injuries requiring orthopaedic intervention, the burden on fracture clinic services was significantly reduced during the COVID pandemic. Encouragingly, this reduction in follow-up has not translated into an increased prevalence of complications or requirement for further surgery.

Level of Evidence The level of evidence of the study is level III.
An ethnographic study of multilingual language policy localization with a focus on the resolution of communication problems in international Non-governmental Organizations (INGOs)
Authors: Zhao Yun , Zhao Ronghui , Liu Yuanyuan
Published: October 2022

Taking the China Office of an international Non-governmental Organization (INGO) as its site of study, this article analyzed how an international multilingual language policy was localized by focusing on the solving of communication problems. It was found that overt and covert language policies work together to form a talent pool of potential language broker and language node, who functioned in solving communication problems in planned and unplanned scenarios. The emergence of language broker and language node in INGOs demonstrates on one hand, the exercise of individual and institutional agency in solving communication problems; on the other hand, the interaction of language policy at different layers (international-national-institutional) in shaping individual’s language practice. The article contributes to the study of language policy in post-modern era by providing a conceptualization of language policy localization process that centers around solving communication problems in INGO work places.
Scientific authorship by gender: trends before and during a global pandemic
Authors: Son Ji-Young , Bell Michelle L.
Published: October 2022

Many fields of science are still dominated by men. COVID-19 has dramatically changed the nature of work, including for scientists, such as lack of access to key resources and transition to online teaching. Further, scientists face the pandemic-related stressors common to other professions (e.g., childcare, eldercare). As many of these activities fall more heavily on women, the pandemic may have exacerbated gender disparities in science. We analyzed self-identified gender of corresponding author for 119,592 manuscripts from 151 countries submitted January 2019 to July 2021 to the Institute of Physics (IOP) portfolio of 57 academic journals, with disciplines of astronomy and astrophysics, bioscience, environmental science, materials, mathematics, physics, and interdisciplinary research. We consider differences by country, journal, and pre-pandemic versus pandemic periods. Gender was self-identified by corresponding author for 82.9% of manuscripts (N = 99,114 for subset of submissions with gender). Of these manuscripts, authors were 82.1% male, 17.8% female, and 0.08% non-binary. Most authors were male for all countries (country-specific values: range 0.0–100.0%, median 86.1%) and every journal (journal-specific values range 63.7–91.5%, median 83.7%). The contribution of female authors was slightly higher in the pandemic (18.7%) compared to pre-pandemic (16.5%). However, prior to the pandemic, the percent of submissions from women had been increasing, and this value slowed during the pandemic. Contrary to our hypothesis, we did not find that manuscript submissions from women decreased during the pandemic, although the rate of increased submissions evident prior to the pandemic slowed. In both pre-pandemic and pandemic periods, authorship was overwhelmingly male for all journals, countries, and fields. Further research is needed on impacts of the pandemic on other measures of scientific productivity (e.g., accepted manuscripts, teaching), scientific position (e.g., junior vs. senior scholars), as well as the underlying gender imbalance that persisted before and during the pandemic.
TriMem: A parallelized hybrid Monte Carlo software for efficient simulations of lipid membranes
Authors: Siggel Marc , Kehl Sebastian , Reuter Klaus , Köfinger Jürgen , Hummer Gerhard
Published: October 2022

Lipid membranes are integral building blocks of living cells and perform a multitude of biological functions. Currently, molecular simulations of cellular-scale membrane remodeling processes at atomic resolution are extremely difficult, due to their size, complexity, and the large times-scales on which these processes occur. Instead, elastic membrane models are used to simulate membrane shapes and transitions between them and to infer their properties and functions. Unfortunately, an efficiently parallelized open-source simulation code to do so has been lacking. Here, we present TriMem, a parallel hybrid Monte Carlo simulation engine for triangulated lipid membranes. The kernels are efficiently coded in C++ and wrapped with Python for ease-of-use. The parallel implementation of the energy and gradient calculations and of Monte Carlo flip moves of edges in the triangulated membrane enable us to simulate large and highly curved membrane structures. For validation, we reproduce phase diagrams of vesicles with varying surface-to-volume ratios and area difference. We also compute the density of states to verify correct Boltzmann sampling. The software can be used to tackle a range of large-scale membrane remodeling processes as a step toward cell-scale simulations. Additionally, extensive documentation make the software accessible to the broad biophysics and computational cell biology communities.
Network spreading among areas: A dynamical complex network modeling approach
Authors: Li Qin , Chen Hongkai , Li Yuhan , Feng Minyu , Kurths Jürgen
Published: October 2022

With the outbreak of COVID-19, great loss and damage were brought to human society, making the study of epidemic spreading become a significant topic nowadays. To analyze the spread of infectious diseases among different areas, e.g., communities, cities, or countries, we construct a network, based on the epidemic model and the network coupling, whose nodes denote areas, and edges represent population migrations between two areas. Each node follows its dynamic, which describes an epidemic spreading among individuals in an area, and the node also interacts with other nodes, which indicates the spreading among different areas. By giving mathematical proof, we deduce that our model has a stable solution despite the network structure. We propose the peak infected ratio (PIR) as a property of infectious diseases in a certain area, which is not independent of the network structure. We find that increasing the population mobility or the disease infectiousness both cause higher peak infected population all over different by simulation. Furthermore, we apply our model to real-world data on COVID-19 and after properly adjusting the parameters of our model, the distribution of the peak infection ratio in different areas can be well fitted.
Time-interleaved system mismatch estimation based on correlation function and particle swarm optimization algorithm
Authors: Zheng Yanze , Zhou Naixin , Zhao Yijiu , Sun Sicheng
Published: October 2022

The time-interleaved analog-to-digital converters (TIADCs) technique is an efficient solution to improve the sampling rate of the acquisition system with low-speed ADCs. However, channel mismatches such as gain mismatch, time skew mismatch, and offset mismatch may seriously degrade the performance of TIADC. Furthermore, for high-speed signal acquisition, the gain and time skew mismatches would vary with the signal frequency, and the traditional fixed model does not work any longer. In this paper, a series of sinusoidal signals are adopted to estimate the variable mismatches. First, an autocorrelation-based approach is presented to estimate the gain mismatch. The information about the gain mismatch is extracted from the autocorrelation function of sub-ADC output samples. Then, the time skew mismatch is estimated by utilizing the particle swarm optimization algorithm. The reported simulation results show that the mismatches can be accurately estimated. Finally, a commercial 12.5 GSPS four-channel TIADC system is utilized to verify the performance of the proposed method. The spurious free dynamic range of the system can be improved by about 20 dB, and the effectiveness of the proposed estimation method is demonstrated.
Community formation in wealth-mediated thermodynamic strategy evolution
Authors: Olson Connor , Belmonte Andrew , Griffin Christopher
Published: October 2022

We study a dynamical system defined by a repeated game on a 1D lattice, in which the players keep track of their gross payoffs over time in a bank. Strategy updates are governed by a Boltzmann distribution, which depends on the neighborhood bank values associated with each strategy, relative to a temperature scale, which defines the random fluctuations. Players with higher bank values are, thus, less likely to change strategy than players with a lower bank value. For a parameterized rock–paper–scissors game, we derive a condition under which communities of a given strategy form with either fixed or drifting boundaries. We show the effect of a temperature increase on the underlying system and identify surprising properties of this model through numerical simulations.