bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Spain, Germany and the United States in the Marshall Islands: Re-imagining the imperial in the Pacific
Authors: Alessio Dominic , Arnold Katherine , Ollé Tejero Patricia
Published: March 2017

Like the spaces between islands on maps of the Pacific, there are gaps that exist in our historical understanding of this region of the world. This is especially true in relation to the history of Micronesia and the Marshall Islands. This study examines some of those forgotten-about spaces whilst focusing on the history of former European colonial powers whose own imperial stories have also been overlooked in this region, namely Spain and Germany. In doing so it illustrates how this former Spanish territory morphed into a German one and discusses the significance of this transformation, and how it helped lay the groundwork for the beginning of the Second Reich. Whilst examining these European colonial histories this work also uncovers how the United States came to be involved in Micronesia and the long-term results of that development, specifically the establishment of Guam/Guåhån as one of the first United States overseas military bases and the utilisation of the Kwajalein Atoll in the Marshalls for Cold War nuclear testing. It concludes by pointing out that much of this territory was obtained not by conquest but by purchase and lease, thereby underscoring an oft-forgotten, but vitally important, method of territorial aggrandizement that continues to this day.
Autonomy, indigeneity, citizenship: The unfinished business of decolonization in the French South Pacific
Authors: David-Ives Corinne
Published: March 2017

In the last 30 years, the entropic forces of decolonization have led the French State to grant their last territories still held in the South Pacific a significant dose of selfgovernment, thus allowing them to take some distance from the once all-powerful centre. Today, France is looking for an honourable conclusion to its antipodean colonial romance. The fate of two dissimilar territories is at stake: New Caledonia, originally intended as a colony of settlement, is the country of the indigenous Kanaks, and still home to a sizeable minority descended from the French settlers, while French Polynesia is composed of a number of islands scattered across a vast expanse of the Pacific, and dominated by a population of Polynesian descent. The prospect of a civil war in New Caledonia in the mid-1980s led the French government to negotiate a settlement introducing considerable constitutional change. In contrast, in French Polynesia the drawn-out political struggle between those demanding independence and the partisans of increased autonomy within the French Republic has turned into a stalemate. To add insult to injury in the eyes of the French government, the United Nations (UN) has recently re-inscribed French Polynesia on the list of the last countries to be decolonized. This article will focus on one hand on the administrative ‘overseas’ framework defining the French dependencies in the South Pacific, and on the other hand on the ambiguities of the French official discourse on citizenship in these former colonies. It will examine how the debate on the status of the Pacific territories has been restructured around autonomy versus independence, and citizenship versus indigeneity. The issue of recognition of diversity will also be addressed in a French national context where indifference and ignorance generally prevail towards such distant exotic lands.
The role of hearing capability test as a screening test for the possibility of hearing disorder in children with speech delay
Authors: Fatmawaty Fatmawaty , Gunardi Hartono , Suwento Ronny , Latief Abdul , Suradi Rulina , Mangunatmadja Irawan
Published: March 2017

Background Hearing disorder may cause speech delay so thatevery child with speech delay should undergo hearing test. Thegold standard for audiometric test is otoacustic emission (OAE)and brainstem evoked response audiometry (BERA). They havehigh sensitivity and specificity, but the availability is limited andexpensive. Hence, both tests are not available at the primary healthcare centers. In 1997, the Department of Health, Republic of Indo-nesia, established a simple subjective test instrument, i.e. the hear-ing capability test (HCT).Objective To asses the accuracy of HCT compared to the goldstandard hearing tests (OAE and/or BERA).Methods This study was a cross sectional study on 89 childrenaged less than 5 years who had speech delay and came to theGrowth and Development Outpatient Clinic or the General Outpa-tient Clinic, Pediatric Neurology Clinic of the Department of ChildHealth, Cipto Mangunkusumo (CM) Hospital; and Center for EarCare and Communicative Disorders (CECCD), Department of ENT,CM Hospital, during March to August 2005.Results HCT sensitivity and specificity were 92.9% and 27.7%,respectively. Positive predictive value (PPV), negative predictivevalue (NPV), positive likelihood ratio (PLR), and negative likehoodratio (NLR) were 84%, 50%, 1.9, and 0.7, respectively.Conclusion The sensitivity and specificity of HCT as a screeningtest of hearing disorder in children with speech delay were 93%and 28%, respectively. Based on this result, HCT should only beused as screening test and not as a diagnostic test
Effects of massage on behavior of full-term newborns
Authors: Wahyutami Tri Sunarti , Soedjatmiko Soedjatmiko , Firmansyah Agus , Suradi Rulina
Published: March 2017

Background Baby massage is one of the touch stimulation that could be applied as soon as possible after birth. Giving massage regularly will affect the behavior of newborn.Objectives To explore the effects of ten-day massage on infant's behavior.Methods A randomized control trial was done from December 200S to March 2009. Full-term newborm were randomly assigned into massage group or control group. Babies in massage group were given massage by their mothers and supervised by midwives. All babies were evaluated twice, i.e., on day 1 and day 11, using Brazelton Scale (Neonatal Behavior Assessment Scale). The behavior was compared between the two groups.Results A total of 72 full-term newborn infants appropriate for gestational age were included in this study. Infants in the massage group sbowed significant difference in adaptive behavior compared to control group. Those adaptive behavior consisted of habituation (WMD 1.08 CI 95% 0.67 to 1.49, P<0.0001), social interaction (WMD 1.54 Cl 95% 1.23 to 1.84, P<0.0001), motor system (WMD 1.35 CI 95% 1.14 to 1.55, P<0.0001), organization state (P<0.0001), range of state (WMD 1.35 CI 95% 0.95 to 1.55, P< 0.0001), autonomic system (WMD 0.53 CI 95% 0.23 to 0.84, P<0.0001), end reflexes (P<0.0001).Conclusions Massage gives better adaptive behavior and reflexes of full-term newborns compared to those without massage.
Carbon dioxide tension as a reflection of different respiratory rates and chest x-ray features in children with community acquired pnemonia
Authors: Iskandar Deddy , Rahajoe Nastiti Noenoeng , Rahajoe Noenoeng , Boediman Imam
Published: March 2017

Background Diagnosis of community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) is often made based on clinical signs and symptoms as well as laboratory and radiographic tests. Several laboratory tests including blood gas analysis (BGA) can be helpful in establishing the diagnosis. The single most direct and useful BGA is the arterial carbon dioxide tension (PCO2). It directly reflects the adequacy of alveolar ventilation and indirectly could reflect the severity of illness.Objective To determine the differences of clinical signs and chest X-ray features in hospitalized CAP children with low PCO2 level and normal to high PCO2 level.Methods Patients with CAP in pediatric wards of Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital who fulfilled the inclusion criteria were enrolled between July 2009 and November 2009. Patients were categorized as group with low PCO2 level (<35 mmHg) and group with normal to high PCO2 level (≥ 35mmHg). All data, including clinical signs, laboratory results, and radiologic features on admissions were compared between groups.Results Thirty patients were enrolled; 20 patients belonged to low PCO2 level group and 10 patients belonged to normal-high PCO2 level group. Group with low PCO2 had significantly lower respiratory rate (P = 0.047), higher blood pH level (P = 0.044), and better chest X-ray features (P = 0.010) on admission compared to group with normal to high PCO2 level.Conclusion Low PCO2 level reflects better alveolar ventilation in children with CAP as described by lower respiratory rate and better chest X-ray features.
Quality of life assessment of children with thalassemia
Authors: Wahyuni Masyitah Sri , Ali Muhammad , Rosdiana Nelly , Lubis Bidasari
Published: March 2017

Background Thalassemia is a chronic disease that is becoming a major health problem in the world, including the Mediterranean, as well as Malaysia, Thailand and Indonesia. This condition clearly affects the patient's quality of life, because of the condition itself andthe effects of treatment. Assessment is needed to detennine actions to be taken to improve the quality of life in thalassemic children.Objective To assess the differences in quality of life of thalassemic children compared to their normal siblings.Methods We perfonned a cross􀁌sectional study from May 2010 until June 2010 in H. Adam Malik Hospital, Medan and the home of a member of the North Sumatra Chapter of the Association of Parents of Thalassemia Sufferers (perhimpunan Orangtua PenderitaTalasemia Indonesia, POPTI). Thalassemic children aged 5-18 years and their age and gender􀁌adjusted siblings were divided into two groups: case group and control group. Parents and children were asked to fill the PedsQL (Pediatric Quality of life Inventory)version 4.0 questionnaire to assess their quality of life.Results There were 59 children in each group. The assessments of four quality of life domains in the thalassemic group vs the control group showed the folloMng: physical function 53.1 vs 71.5 (95% CI -21.41 to -15.26, P􀁍O.OOOI), emotional function 50.9 vs 62.9 (95% CI -16.82 to -7 .41, P􀁍O.OOO 1), social function 62.5 vs 72.8 (95% CI-13.50 to -7.01, P􀁍O.OOOI) and school function 36.2 vs 56.0 (95% CI -22.95 to -16.71, P􀁍O.OOOI). Total scores were 50.9 vs 66.1 (95% CI -18.20to -13.12, P􀁍O.OOOI). School function was the most affected parameter studied, with thalassemic children scoring lower than the control group.Conclusion There were significant decreases in the quality of life parameters in the thalassemic group compared to the control group. Thalassemic children have poorer quality oflife compared to their nonnal siblings, Mth school function being the mostaffected domain.
Hemolytic uremic syndrome and hypertensive crisis post dengue hemorrhagic fever: a case report
Authors: Hadianto Mervin Tri , Mellyana Omega
Published: March 2017

Hemolytic-uremic syndrome (HUS) clinically manifests as acute renal failure, hemolytic anemia and thrombocytopenia. Acute renal failure with oliguria, hypertension, and proteinuria usually develops in affected patients.1,2 In children under 15 years of age, typical HUS occurs at a rate of 0.91 cases per 100,000 population.3 The initial onset of this disease usually happens in children below 3 years of age. Incidence is similar in boys and girls. Seasonal variation occurs, with HUS peaking in the summer and fall. In young children, spontaneous recovery is common. In adults, the probability of recovery is low when HUS is associated with severe hypertension.2
Mathematical properties of the Kumaraswamy-Lindley distribution and its applications
Authors: Salem Hamdy , Hagag Abd-Elwahab
Published: March 2017

In this paper, a composite distribution of Kumaraswamy and Lindley distributions namely, Kumaraswamy-Lindley Kum-L distribution is introduced and studied. The Kum-L distribution generalizes sub-models for some widely known distributions. Some mathematical properties of the Kum-L such as hazard function, quantile function, moments, moment generating function and order statistics are obtained. Estimation of parameters for the Kum-L using maximum likelihood estimation and least square estimation techniques are provided. To illustrate the usefulness of the proposed distribution, simulation study and real data example are used.
Exploring school choice and the consequences for student racial segregation within Pennsylvania’s charter school transfers
Authors: Frankenberg Erica , Kotok Stephen , Schafft Kai , Mann Bryan
Published: March 2017

Using individual-level student data from Pennsylvania, this study explores the extent to which charter school racial composition may be an important factor in students’ self-segregative school choices. Findings indicate that, holding distance and enrollment constant, Black and Latino students are strongly averse to moving to charter schools with higher percentages of White students. Conversely, White students are more likely to enroll in such charter schools. As the percentage and number of students transferring into charter schools increases, self-segregative school choices raise critical questions regarding educational equity, and the effects of educational reform and school choice policies on the fostering of racially diverse educational environments.
Writing for publication: avoiding the common pitfalls
Authors: Gelling Leslie
Published: March 2017

Sharing research findings has become an increasingly important part of research as nursing is increasing required to base practice on the best available evidence. This editorial offers an insight into some of the common pitfalls to avoid when writing and submitting a paper for publication.
PEMIKIRAN ARISTOTELES TENTANG KEWARGANEGARAAN DAN KONSTITUSI
Authors: Winarno Winarno
Published: March 2017

Citizenship includes elements of identity, participation, rights, obligations, and acceptance of shared social values. Aristotle, the ancient Greek thinker states that citizenship is a form of citizen participation in public life. Good citizens are those engaged in public life better while being ruled and governed. Citizenship can not be separated from the concept of the constitution. Determining who is a citizen based on the state constitution. There is a "Wrong Constitutions", which includes Tirany, Oligarchy and Democracy and the "Right Constitutions", covers Kingship, Aristocracy and Polity or Constitutional Government. The Constitution is important for a country as long as it is intended for the public good and reach a sense of justice.
IMPLEMENTASI SEMANGAT PERSATUAN PADA MASYARAKAT MULTIKULTURAL MELALUI AGENDA FORUM KERUKUNAN UMAT BERAGAMA (FKUB) KABUPATEN MALANG
Authors: Suryawan Nashrul Wahyu , Danial Endang
Published: March 2017

The background of this research is the social diversity of Indonesian people. This situation causes conflicts among Indonesian people which need solutions to minimilize the effects of the conflict among the society. The study over the value of unification and harmony of the Religious Community Forum is one of the implementation of the unification spirit, the aspect of toleration, which needs to be spread out among the society. The goal of this research is to dig down how the Religious Community Forum works in  increasing the Malang multicultural society understanding over the value of unification. It is also to know how the Religious Community Forum increases the society toleration and the importance of unification among Malang society diversity.  Alt last but not least, the study over the unification value functions as a report of how the Religious Community Forum maintain the Indonesian people unification. This research use subjects of the Religious Community Forum members, religion leaders, government officers, and Malang people. The approach used in this research is qualitative with case study method. The data collection techniques used in this study are observation, interview, documentation, and participation. Meanwhile, the data is analyzed by using data reduction, data display, and verivication.The findings of this research are: 1) The activities done by the Religious Community Forum contain the unification value; the unification and harmony religious communities, conflicts and dialogues counseling, toleration, socialization over the government policy of the unification and harmony of diverse society; 2)The Religious Community Forum contains social aspects; the diversity value, toleration, pluralism, and the society unification,  which can be descended to the next generation; 3) The forum has some roles in maintaining and keeping the unification value of multicultural society through the activities applied in the society. Malang government supports and coordinates any institution works in society unification and harmony. The actions taken shows that the government are concerned on the unification of multicultural society. Thus, it can be concluded that the activities done by the Religious Community Forum of Malang contain the unification value
PENGEMBANGAN BLOG BUDAYA SEBAGAI SARANA BELAJAR BUDAYA
Authors: Prasetiani Dyah
Published: March 2017

Indonesia is a country that has a diverse culture, ethnicity, language, and rich tourism potentials. However, many people abroad who do not know about the diversity of Indonesian culture. The younger generations were much less aware of even less have sufficient of the richness of the culture of Indonesia. The knowledge about Indonesian culture of Japanese Language Education students Semarang State University, is still inadequate, so they can not be explained to the Japanese society apropiately, not good enough. Therefore students need to be given education by developing blog that contains Indonesian culture which is written in Japanese. The purpose of this study was developing a blog that can be a means of learning the culture. The method used is the Research and Development (R & D), with a step preliminary studies, product development, and product validation testing. Data was collected by questionnaire. Japanese expert validation results towards this blog are considered quite good as a means of studying Indonesian culture with an average score of 2.7 on the aspects of the format, quality, clarity, and clarity of language.
E-mail Header Injection Vulnerabilities
Authors: Chandramouli Sai Prashanth , Zhao Ziming , Doupé Adam , Ahn Gail-Joon
Published: March 2017

E-mail Header Injection vulnerability is a class of vulnerability that can occur in web applications that use user input to construct e-mail
messages. E-mail Header Injection is possible when the mailing script fails to check for the presence of e-mail headers in user input (either
form fields or URL parameters). The vulnerability exists in the reference implementation of the built-in mail
functionality in popular languages such as PHP, Java, Python, and Ruby. With the proper injection string, this
vulnerability can be exploited to inject additional headers, modify existing headers, and alter the content of the
e-mail.
Storage class memory and databases: Opportunities and challenges
Authors: Oukid Ismail , Kettler Robert , Willhalm Thomas
Published: March 2017

Storage Class Memory (SCM) is emerging as a viable solution to lift DRAM's scalability limits, both in capacity and energy
consumption. Indeed, SCM combines the economic characteristics, non-volatility, and density of traditional storage media
with the low latency and byte-addressability of DRAM. In this paper we survey research works on how SCM can be leveraged
in databases and explore different solutions ranging from using SCM as disk replacement, to single-level storage
architectures, where SCM is used as universal memory (i.e., as memory and storage at the same time), together with the
challenges that stem from these opportunities. Finally, we synthesize our findings into recommendations on how to exploit
the full potential of SCM in next-generation database architectures.
Hereditary vitamin D-resistant rickets in Lebanese patients: the p.R391S and p.H397P variants have different phenotypes
Authors: Andary Rabih , El-Hage-Sleiman Abdul-Karim , Farhat Theresa , Sanjad Sami , Nemer Georges
Published: March 2017

Background:

Hereditary vitamin D-resistant rickets (HVDRR) is an autosomal recessive disorder caused by mutations in the vitamin D receptor (

Methods:

We examined four patients with HVDRR from three unrelated Lebanese families. All parents were consanguineous with normal phenotype. We used Sanger sequencing to identify mutations in the coding exons of

Results:

Two homozygous mutations (p.R391S and p.H397P), both in exon 9 of the

Conclusions:

This is the first report of
Feasibility and acceptability of text messaging to support antenatal healthcare in Iraqi pregnant women: a pilot study
Authors: Alhaidari Taghreed , Amso Nazar , Jawad Taqi Mohammed , Alnakkash Ulfat , Khazaal Faris , Alnaaimi Ahmed , Pickles Timothy , Playle Rebecca , Istepanian Robert , Philip Nada , Gregory John W. , Al Hilfi Thamer
Published: March 2017

Objective:

To determine the feasibility and acceptability of mobile health technology and its potential to improve antenatal care (ANC) services in Iraq.

Methods:

This was a controlled experimental study conducted at primary health care centers. One hundred pregnant women who attended those centres for ANC were exposed to weekly text messages varying in content, depending on the week of gestation, while 150 women were recruited for the unexposed group. The number of ANC visits in the intervention and control groups, was the main outcome measure. The Mann-Whitney test and the Poisson regression model were the two main statistical tests used.

Results:

More than 85% of recipients were in agreement with the following statements: “the client recommends this program for other pregnant women”, “personal rating for the message as a whole” and “obtained benefit from the messages”. There was a statistically significant increase in the median number of antenatal clinic visits from two to four per pregnancy, in addition to being relatively of low cost, and could be provided for a larger population with not much difference in the efforts.

Conclusions:

Text messaging is feasible, low cost and reasonably acceptable to Iraqi pregnant women, and encourages their ANC visits.
Crystal structure of poly[aqua-(2,2′-bipyridine-κN,N′)-(μ4-5,5′-(hexane-1,6-diyl)-bis(oxy)diisophthalato κ8
O
1,O
2:O
3,O
4:O
5,O
6:O
7,O
8)manganese(II)], C21H21MnN2O7
Authors: Liu Lu , Zhang Jin , Gao Huiling , Deng Shaoxin
Published: March 2017

C21H21MnN2O7, triclinic, P1̅, a = 8.6230(17) Å, b = 9.967(2) Å, c = 13.257(3) Å, α = 80.92(3)°, β = 78.53(3)°, γ = 84.75(3)°, V = 1100.5(4) Å3, Z = 2, R
gt(F) = 0.0555, wR
ref(F
2) = 0.1474, T = 293(2) K.
Optimal homotopy perturbation method for nonlinear differential equations governing MHD Jeffery-Hamel flow with heat transfer problem
Authors: Marinca Vasile , Ene Remus-Daniel
Published: March 2017

In this paper, the Optimal Homotopy Perturbation Method (OHPM) is employed to determine an analytic approximate solution for the nonlinear MHD Jeffery-Hamel flow and heat transfer problem. The Navier-Stokes equations, taking into account Maxwell’s electromagnetism and heat transfer, lead to two nonlinear ordinary differential equations. The results obtained by means of OHPM show very good agreement with numerical results and with Homotopy Perturbation Method (HPM) results.
Research on Critical Nodes Algorithm in Social Complex Networks
Authors: Wang Xue-Guang
Published: March 2017

Discovering critical nodes in social networks has many important applications and has attracted more and more institutions and scholars. How to determine the K critical nodes with the most influence in a social network is a NP (define) problem. Considering the widespread community structure, this paper presents an algorithm for discovering critical nodes based on two information diffusion models and obtains each node’s marginal contribution by using a Monte-Carlo method in social networks. The solution of the critical nodes problem is the K nodes with the highest marginal contributions. The feasibility and effectiveness of our method have been verified on two synthetic datasets and four real datasets.
The role of correlations in the determination of the transport properties of LaCl3 in high temperature molten eutectic LiCl–KCl
Authors: Samin Adib , Wu Evan , Zhang Jinsuo
Published: March 2017

It is important to develop an accurate assessment of fundamental data of lanthanides in high temperature molten salts to enable an efficient application of pyroprocessing. This requires a careful consideration of uncertainties in the reported results. In this study, cyclic voltammetry (CV) tests of LaCl3 in KCl–LiCl molten salt were conducted at low concentration levels in the molten salt at 723 K and at several scan rates. The CV signals were subsequently analyzed through the conventional CV analysis and using a BET-based model through a nonlinear least-squares fitting procedure. It was determined that the parameters of the model were strongly correlated and the support plane procedure was implemented to assign joint confidence intervals for the diffusivity of lanthanum. Accounting for the correlations led to a significant increase in the uncertainty of the reported diffusivity which led to better agreement with the literature. Accounting for the correlations may be important for higher concentration levels.
Innovative experimental and finite element assessments of the performance of CFRP-retrofitted RC beams under fatigue loading
Authors: Hojatkashani Ata , Kabir Mohammad Zaman
Published: March 2017

Numerous experimental studies have proven the efficiency of externally bonded fiber-reinforced polymer (FRP) systems on structural concrete elements, such as reinforced concrete (RC) beams. The current paper presents an analytical formulation of mechanical constants based on the results of experimental data, which were acquired from fatigue testing of intact and CFRP-retrofitted RC beams. A total of six scaled RC beams were prepared for the test, three of which were strengthened with carbon fiber-reinforced polymers (CFRPs). A specific finite element model coupled with experimental results from the proposed RC beams made it possible to compare the theoretical and experimental fatigue behavior of RC beams with and without composite reinforcement. The developed numerical model was then extended to evaluate a higher number of fatigue load cycles, as recommended by bridge codes. This was carried out to monitor the performance of CFRP-retrofitted RC beams in terms of flexural stiffness deterioration and damage propagation. The relationships presented in this paper were calibrated to the tested specimens. Moreover, they were useful for the design of RC and CFRP-retrofitted RC beams and for predicting fatigue performance, including the damage behavior of constituent materials.
Tungsten Sulfide Nanoflakes: Synthesis by Electrospinning and Their Gas Sensing Properties
Authors: Wang Ke , Feng Wen-Lin , Qin Xiang , Deng Da-Shen , Feng Xu , Zhang Chao
Published: March 2017

Tungsten sulfide (WS2) nanoflakes were successfully prepared via electrospinning with polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) as organic solvent. In addition, Ag-deposited WS2 (Ag-WS2) was obtained by chemical blending/calcination method. The structure and morphology of as-prepared materials were characterised by powder X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscope (SEM), respectively. The XRD result shows that the prepared WS2 has a graphene-like structure with P63/mmc space group symmetry. The SEM illuminates that the sensing samples have nanoflake appearance. Furthermore, heater-type gas sensors were fabricated based on WS2 and Ag-WS2 nanomaterials. The sensing responses of WS2 and Ag-WS2 on the ammonia (NH3), ethanol (C2H5OH), and acetone (C3H6O) were investigated at about 220°C. The results indicate that gas sensor based on WS2 and Ag-WS2 nanoflakes has 60 ppm sensing threshold value for ammonia. One possible gas sensing mechanism of WS2 and Ag-WS2 gas sensors is surface control via charge transfer.
Not Just Errors: A New Interpretation of Mackie’s Error Theory
Authors: Moberger Victor
Published: March 2017

J. L. Mackie famously argued that a commitment to non-existent objective values permeates ordinary moral thought and discourse. According to a standard interpretation, Mackie construed this commitment as a universal and indeed essential feature of moral judgments. In this paper I argue that we should rather ascribe to Mackie a form of semantic pluralism, according to which not all moral judgments involve the commitment to objective values. This interpretation not only makes better sense of what Mackie actually says, but also renders his error theory immune to a powerful objection.
A Comparison of Bilateral Muscular Imbalance Ratio Calculations Using Functional Tests
Authors: Bampouras Theodoros M. , Dewhurst Susan
Published: March 2017

Bampouras, TM and Dewhurst, S. A comparison of bilateral muscular imbalance ratio calculations using functional tests. J Strength Cond Res 32(8): 2216–2220, 2018—Bilateral muscular imbalance can increase the risk of injury and negatively impact on sporting performance. Bilateral muscular imbalances are typically calculated as ([side 1 − side 2]/reference value) × 100, to provide a percentage value of the difference between limbs. Using different numerator (right-left or strong-weak) or reference values (left, right, strong, weak, average of the 2) could mask or inflate the true difference value. This study aimed to compare the bilateral muscular imbalance ratio calculations, using the absolute difference between limbs as the numerator and the 5 different options as reference values. Twenty-three males (21.6 ± 1.9 years, 1.80 ± 0.06 m, 80.5 ± 13.8 kg) and 11 females (20.8 ± 1.5 years, 1.62 ± 0.03 m, 68.0 ± 6.5 kg) performed the one-legged 6-m timed test and the one-legged triple-hop distance test. The 5 possible combinations were compared with a 2 (sex) × 2 (functional test) × 5 (calculation method) analysis of variance for each test. Significant differences (p ≤ 0.05) were found between sex when the right leg was used as the reference value (men: 6.1%, women: 9.1%), and within calculation methods for men (range: 5.9–6.5%) and women (range: 8.4–9.4%), with low effect sizes (range: 0.07–0.26). These findings demonstrate that using a different reference value for calculating bilateral muscular imbalances does not result in a practically significant difference. These findings can be used to inform a more standardized calculation method which will afford conditioning coaches a more correct evaluation and monitoring of training and rehabilitation programs.
Different Cluster Sets Result in Similar Metabolic, Endocrine, and Perceptual Responses in Trained Men
Authors: Tufano James J. , Conlon Jenny A. , Nimphius Sophia , Oliver Jonathan M. , Kreutzer Andreas , Haff G. Gregory
Published: March 2017

Tufano, JJ, Conlon, JA, Nimphius, S, Oliver, JM, Kreutzer, A, and Haff, GG. Different cluster sets result in similar metabolic, endocrine, and perceptual responses in trained men. J Strength Cond Res 33(2): 346–354, 2019—The purpose of this study was to compare the kinematic, metabolic, endocrine, and perceptual responses of 3 back squat protocols with equal loads, number of repetitions, and total rest duration. Eight strength-trained men performed 36 back squats using 75% 1 repetition maximum and 420 seconds of total rest during basic cluster sets of 4 (CS4), rest redistribution sets of 4 (RR4), and rest redistribution sets of 1 (RR1). Rating of perceived exertion (RPE), blood lactate (La), mean velocity maintenance (MVM), and mean velocity loss (MVL) were measured during exercise. Total testosterone (TT), growth hormone (GH), cortisol (C), and sex hormone–binding globulin (SHBG) were measured before exercise and 15, 30, and 60 minutes postexercise. There were no differences between protocols for MVM. However, MVL was less during RR1 compared with RR4 (p = 0.032), and neither protocol was different than CS4. All protocols resulted in similar increases in RPE and La, which remained elevated up to 30 minutes postexercise (p ≤ 0.05). In all protocols, GH increased and returned to baseline by 60 minutes postexercise (p ≤ 0.05). At 60 minutes postexercise, TT was less than all other time points (p ≤ 0.05). There were no main effects for time for SHBG or C. The data from this study show that different types of cluster set protocols can result in proanabolic physiological responses to resistance training. In addition, coaches can redistribute rest periods without affecting perceived effort or metabolic and hormonal changes if the external load, number of repetitions, and total rest time are equalized.
A randomized controlled trial of the effect of participatory ergonomic low back pain training on workplace improvement
Authors: Kajiki Shigeyuki , Izumi Hiroyuki , Hayashida Kenshi , Kusumoto Akira , Nagata Tomohisa , Mori Koji
Published: March 2017

Objectives

This study aimed to determine the effects of participatory workplace improvement (PWI)-based provision of ergonomic training and ergonomic action checklists (ACLs) to on-site managers on workplace improvement activities for low back pain (LBP).

Methods

A randomized controlled trial (RCT) was conducted at a manufacturing company in Japan. Teams entered in the study were randomly assigned to a control and an intervention group. A total of three interventional training sessions on methods of ergonomics were provided to on-site managers in the intervention group, with 1-month intervals between sessions. Ergonomic ACLs were provided at the same time. After completion of the training sessions, each team then provided a report of improvements each month for the next 10 months. Two people in charge of safety and health chose two major objectives of the implemented activities from the five categories. The reported number of improvements was analyzed using a Poisson regression model.

Results

In the intervention group, although the incident rate ratio (IRR) of PWIs in countermeasures for the LBP category was significantly elevated after the training sessions, the IRR of improvements decreased over time during the 10-month follow-up period. No significant difference was observed in the IRR of total PWIs in either the control or intervention group.

Conclusions

PWI-based provision of ergonomic training sessions and ergonomics ACLs to on-site managers was shown to be effective for workplace improvement activities targeted at LBP. However, because the effects decrease over time, efforts should be made to maintain the effects through regular interventions.
Finding novel antibiotic substances from medicinal plants — Antimicrobial properties of Nigella sativa directed against multidrug resistant bacteria
Authors: Bakal Seher Nancy , Bereswill Stefan , Heimesaat Markus M.
Published: March 2017

The progressive rise in multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacterial strains poses serious problems in the treatment of infectious diseases. While the number of newly developed antimicrobial compounds has greatly fallen, the resistance of pathogens against commonly prescribed drugs is further increasing. This rise in resistance illustrates the need for developing novel therapeutic and preventive antimicrobial options. The medicinal herb Nigella sativa and its derivatives constitute promising candidates. In a comprehensive literature survey (using the PubMed data base), we searched for publications on the antimicrobial effects of N. sativa particularly directed against MDR bacterial strains. In vitro studies published between 2000 and 2015 revealed that N. sativa exerted potent antibacterial effects against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative species including resistant strains. For instance, N. sativa inhibited the growth of bacteria causing significant gastrointestinal morbidity such as Salmonella, Helicobacter pylori, and Escherichia coli. However, Listeria monocytogenes and Pseudomonas aeruginosa displayed resistance against black cumin seed extracts. In conclusion, our literature survey revealed potent antimicrobial properties of N. sativa against MDR strains in vitro that should be further investigated in order to develop novel therapeutic perspectives for combating infectious diseases particularly caused by MDR strains.
Comprehensive survey of intestinal microbiota changes in offspring of human microbiota associated mice
Authors: von Klitzing Eliane , Öz Fulya , Ekmekciu Ira , Escher Ulrike , Bereswill Stefan , Heimesaat Markus M.
Published: March 2017

Secondary abiotic mice generated by broad-spectrum antibiotic treatment provide a valuable tool for association studies with microbiota derived from different vertebrate hosts. We here generated human microbiota-associated (hma) mice by human fecal microbiota transplantation of secondary abiotic mice and performed a comprehensive survey of the intestinal microbiota dynamics in offspring of hma mice over 18 weeks following weaning as compared to their mothers applying both cultural and molecular methods. Mice were maintained under standard hygienic conditions with open cages, handled under aseptic conditions, and fed autoclaved chow and water. Within 1 week post weaning, fecal loads of commensal enterobacteria and enterococci had decreased, whereas obligate anaerobic bacteria such as Bacteroides/Prevotella species and clostridia were stably colonizing the intestines of hma offspring at high loads. Lactobacilli numbers were successively increasing until 18 weeks post weaning in both hma offspring and mothers, whereas by then, bifidobacteria were virtually undetectable in the former only. Interestingly, fecal lactobacilli and bifidobacteria were higher in mothers as compared to their offspring at 5 and 18 weeks post weaning. We conclude that the intestinal microbiota composition changes in offspring of hma mice, but also their mothers over time particularly affecting aerobic and microaerobic species.
KARAKTERISASI BIOKIMIA ENZIMATIS EMPAT POPULASI IKAN MAS M ENGG UNAKAN METODE ELEKTROFORESIS
Authors: Ariyanto Didik , Nugroho Eatu , Subagyo Subagyo
Published: March 2017

Suatu penelitian untuk mengetahui karakter genetik populasi ikan mas telah dilakukan dengan menggunakan metode elektroforesis protein
POTENSI IMMUNOGENIK PATOGEN DAN ALGINAT DALAM MENIMBULKAN KEKEBALAN PADA IKAN PATIN JAMBAL
Authors: Supriyadi Hambali , Taukhid Taukhid
Published: March 2017

Tujuan penelitian adalah untuk mengetahui potensi immunogenik dari Aeromonas hydrophila yang diisolasidariikan patin, untuk dapat digunakan dalam usaha pencegahan penyakittersebut.
Pondering over medical education in a desert
Authors: Morikawa Masahiro
Published: March 2017

This article was migrated. The article was not marked as recommended. As an external examiner for Alzaiem Alazhari University, Khartoum Sudan, I had an opportunity to discuss issues in family medicine training in Sudan. Besides the current task of raising eight thousand family physicians by barely ten full-fledged family physician educators, they are facing serious problems organizing effective training in the constant threats of brain drain facing the uncertainty and stability of the country. Some of the problems are much similar to the problems we face in our teaching environment as clinical educators; what is the best way to provide practical education at the bedside? How we do that? If there is any role for new technologies to boost our learning/teaching? If so, how?Our discussions with fledging faculty members in family medicine in Sudan went into numerous discussions in many different issues but one of them in particular caught me and pulled me into some deep reflection; how technology can help our medical education in resource poor settings? In reflecting this question, I realized what have happened in my training program. We put too much reliance to technologies and data rather than focusing on patients' complaints or our won examinations first. This habit of over-reliance of data and technologies sometimes mislead us to unfavorable outcomes in our patients. We certainly need a balance between technologies and hands-on clinical exam, and integration of these two seem to take some time in both in learners and educators. When I ponder over quality of clinical education, it seems that it does not really matter to me whether I am in resource-poor setting or not.
The eye-tracking of social stimuli in patients with Rett syndrome and autism spectrum disorders: a pilot study
Authors: Schwartzman José Salomão , Velloso Renata de Lima , D’Antino Maria Eloísa Famá , Santos Silvana
Published: March 2017

Objective To compare visual fixation at social stimuli in Rett syndrome (RT) and autism spectrum disorders (ASD) patients. Method Visual fixation at social stimuli was analyzed in 14 RS female patients (age range 4-30 years), 11 ASD male patients (age range 4-20 years), and 17 children with typical development (TD). Patients were exposed to three different pictures (two of human faces and one with social and non-social stimuli) presented for 8 seconds each on the screen of a computer attached to an eye-tracker equipment. Results Percentage of visual fixation at social stimuli was significantly higher in the RS group compared to ASD and even to TD groups. Conclusion Visual fixation at social stimuli seems to be one more endophenotype making RS to be very different from ASD.
A SALA DE RECUPERAÇÃO PÓS-PARTO ENQUANTO CONTEXTO COMPORTAMENTAL: UMA TENTATIVA DE AVALIAÇÃO
Authors: Soler Zaida A.S. Geraldes , Mejias Nilce Pinheiro
Published: March 2017

Considerando a importância do ambiente enquanto contexto comportamental, este trabalho mostra uma primeira tentativa no sentido de avaliar uma sala de recuperação pós-parto imediato, usando como procedimento a observação sistemática. Como objeto de observação foram também consideradas as interações profissional-paciente e paciente-paciente. As informações obtidas sugerem que a alteração de algumas variáveis ambientais físicas e programáticas poderão contribuir para uma maior eficácia na assistência às pacientes.
CARACTERIZAÇÃO DOS PACIENTES DE DUAS UNIDADES DE TERAPIA INTENSIVA (UTI): condições bio-sociais, processo de internação e intervenções terapêuticas
Authors: Pierin Angela Maria Geraldo , Padilha Kátia Grillo , Cruz Diná de Almeida Lopes Monteiro da
Published: March 2017

O estudo objetivou caracterizar pacientes de duas UTIs quanto a variáveis estruturais; proveniencia; tempo de permanência e destino após alta; diagnóstico principal e causa de internação; procedimentos invasivos e classificá-los segundo intervenções terapêuticas.
INTEGRAÇÃO DOCENTE-ASSISTENCIAL: A TRANSFORMAÇÃO DA QUALIDADE DO ENSINO E DA ASSISTÊNCIA EM SAÚDE COLETIVA ATRAVÉS DA CONDUÇÃO PRAXIOLÓGICA
Authors: Egry Emiko Yoshikawa , Bertolozzi Maria Rita , Shima Hisako
Published: March 2017

Este trabalho descreve o desenvolvimento do Projeto de Integração Docente-Assistencial iniciado em 1986, com participação de professores e alunos da Escola de Enfermagem da USP c equipe técnica das Unidades Básicas de Saúde do Município de Taboão da Serra. O Projeto foi orientado no sentido de uma aproximação gradativa entre a teoria e a prática de saúde coletiva, através da condução praxiológica, buscando a transformação da qualidade de assistência e de ensino na área de Saúde Coletiva, num processo de participação conjunta dos profissionais de campo, docentes, pessoal auxiliar de saúde, alunos e a comunidade.
EXAMES GERAIS DE QUALIFICAÇÃO: UM RELATO DE EXPERIÊNCIA AO NÍVEL DE DOUTORADO
Authors: Lopes Creso Machado
Published: March 2017

Relato de uma experiência realizada por ocasião dos Exames Gerais de Qualificação prestados junto ao Programa de Pós-Graduação, Nível Doutorado das Escolas de Enfermagem de Ribeirão Preto e de São Paulo, da Universidade de São Paulo. Utilizamos documentos referentes às normas legais; literatura relevante que nos possibilitou o conhecimento profundo das linhas, métodos e atividades de pesquisas por pesquisadores em enfermagem, como forma de facilitar a coleta de informações de autores. Esperamos através de nossa experiência contribuir para que colegas que estejam prestes a realizar tais exames tenham esclarecimento a respeito do assunto.
O IDOSO E A APOSENTADORIA
Authors: Castro Carla Renata Nogueira de , Rodrigues Rosalina Aparecida Partezani
Published: March 2017

O presente estudo objetiva caracterizar a população idosa aposentada, inscrita na "Associação dos Aposentados e Pensionistas de Ribeirão Preto-SP", residente neste município, no período de janeiro a dezembro de 1989. A população estudada constou de 38 idosos aposentados, sendo 30 (78,9%) do sexo masculino e 8 (21,1%) do sexo feminino. Foi utilizado como instrumento de coleta de dados, um questionário com perguntas abertas e fechadas; e a técnica usada foi a entrevista gravada. Como em nosso país o benefício da aposentadoria é inferior a remuneração do trabalho no período de atividade, o aposentado é obrigado a procurar outras fontes de renda para complementar aquele benefício, e a assistência médica não é correspondente às expectativas da população.
ESTUDO SOBRE OS RESULTADOS DA IRRIGAÇÃO EM COLOSTOMIZADOS SUBMETIDOS A UM PROCESSO DE TREINAMENTO SISTEMATIZADO
Authors: Santos Vera Lucia Conceição de G. , Koizumi Maria Sumie
Published: March 2017

O presente estudo versa sobre os resultados do emprego da auto-irrigaçâo por 40 colostomizados, por nós treinados através de um processo de treinamento sistematizado. A efetividade do processo de treinamento pode ser constatada à medida que a maioria dos clientes o adotou em seus itens básicos, apontando pequeno número de dificuldades técnicas. Quanto aos resultados da autoirrigaçâo, como método de controle do hábito intestinal, verificou-se que 37,50% da população apresentou ausência de perdas fecais e 42,50%, perdas esporádicas entre as irrigações; 27,50% e 35,00% com ausência e redução dos gases nesses intervalos, respectivamente e 32,50% e 37,50% com abolição total e parcial do uso da bolsa coletora, respectivamente.
REFLEXÕES SOBRE MÉTODOS QUALITATIVOS DE PESQUISA EM ENFERMAGEM
Authors: Rezende Magda Andrade , Ribeiro Mara Regina Rosa , Aguiar Maria Geralda Gomes
Published: March 2017

Este ensaio traz considerações sobre métodos quantitativos e qualitativos de pesquisa em Enfermagem Aborda suas especificidades, faz uma distinção entre método e técnica, e dá ênfase aos pressupostos epistemológicos que embasam o método.
HIGROSCOPICITY OF CHARCOAL PRODUCED IN DIFFERENT TEMPERATURES
Authors: Dias Júnior Ananias Francisco , Pirola Lucas Pereira , Takeshita Saly , Lana Artur Queiroz , Brito José Otávio , Andrade Azarias Machado de
Published: March 2017

ABSTRACT This research aimed to evaluate hygroscopicity of charcoal produced under four different final carbonization temperatures. For evaluation of hygroscopicity charcoal samples were conditioned in environments with controlled temperature and relative humidity, using saturated salt solutions. The final carbonization temperature significantly influenced the products yields and the properties of charcoal. The charcoal produced in the final temperature of 750 °C showed the highest adsorption capacity of water, indicated by the moisture content after conditioning, in the higher relative humidity environment. Correlations were observed between adsorbed moisture and the porosity of charcoal produced.