bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The ways of industrial food fortification with vitamins
Authors: Ivanova G V , Kolman O Ja , Yamskikh T N , Ivanova A N , Nikulina E O
Published: January 2020

Currently, the problem of industrial food fortification with vitamins and micronutrients has become far more acute. The lack of vitamins and in particular vitamin C affects every organ system in the body. Food fortification with synthetic nutrients cannot be regarded as a promising solution. Indigenous plants may be used as rich sources of vitamins. One of them is ramson (Allium victoriale), a plant which is widely known in home cooking. This research involved studying chemical composition of ramson depending on the territory of growth. In order to provide more rational use of the plant special attention was paid to the content and distribution of vitamin C. Studies have revealed that ramson is a source of vitamin C and Ca. Based on the results, waste-free technology of ramson processing with subsequent production of a vitaminized product has been developed. Dried and frozen ramson leaves and ramson paste are semi-processed foods thus obtained. Guidelines on food fortification on the basis of these semi-processed foods have been developed. Loss and waste amounts which occur along hydromechanical processing of ramson are determined. The experiments estimated that, on average, the amount of waste during primary processing of ramson at food companies is about 23 - 28%. The study also involved calculation of nutritional value for semi-processed ramson foods. Variations in the vitamin C content during storage of the developed semi-processed ramson foods were also examined. Based on the results, the most promising way of ramson preservation is determined. This is production of a semi –processed food “Ramson paste”. Sanitary indicators of the developed semi-processed ramson food were studied.
Collaboration of different generations in the digital environment of the economy
Authors: Ivanova I A , Pulyaeva V N , Vlasenko L V , Gibadullin A A , Safarov B G
Published: January 2020

This article discusses the features of personnel adaptation in modern organizations, taking into account domestic and foreign experience. A variety of approaches to personnel management, its productive work is caused by the need to take into account a set of qualitative characteristics, an important among which is the age of the participants in labor activity. The authors of the article focus on intergenerational problems that arise in the organization during the period of innovative transformations associated with the introduction of digital technologies. A retrospective of the theory and practice of updating adaptation processes in domestic and foreign organizations allows us to identify patterns and trends inherent in this area of the work with people. The authors also consistently explore the specifics of adaptation in the context of the digitalization of the economy and society, and propose a system of measures to overcome barriers and minimize threats and risks associated with changes in the organizational environment in these conditions. The suggestions and recommendations presented in this paper allow us to coordinate approaches to the organization of adaptation, which will ensure harmonization in the field of social and labor relations and will increase the efficiency of joint activities of workers of different generations. In conclusion, the study presents the main findings and results of the work.
Organic matter mineralization of larch bark and compositions based on it
Authors: Babur A S , Ulyanova O A , Butenko M S , Zhulanova V N , Martynova O V
Published: January 2020

The process of organic matter mineralization in fertilizer mixtures consisting of larch bark and mineral additives was studied in order to optimize the timing of composting and preparation of high-quality fertilizers. The main factors affecting the process of bark mineralization are the reaction of the medium (pH), the ratio of C:N, mineral additives. The process of larch bark mineralization and compositions based on it is described by the equation of the first order. The calculated decomposition constants of fertilizer compositions exceeded the control by 2-3, 2 times depending on the variant of the experiment.
Assessment of factors ensuring sustainable development of the electric power industry in the context of transition to renewable energy sources of the national economy
Authors: Gibadullin A A , Sadriddinov M I , Kurbonova Z M , Shedko Yu N , Shamraeva V V
Published: January 2020

The article is devoted to the issues of the transition of the electric power industry to renewable energy sources. The study analyzed the total consumption of electric energy and the installed capacity of Russian power plants, as a result, it was concluded that the increase in energy consumption. At the same time, the study found that the share of renewable energy sources does not exceed 1 GW of installed capacity and there are no quantitative changes in the volume of electricity production from renewable energy sources. The work identified factors that impede the development of renewable energy sources, which are grouped into technical, technological and economic factors, according to the level of state support and the presence of systemic problems in the electric power industry. The study proposed mechanisms aimed at developing renewable energy sources. In conclusion, the study presents the main findings and results of the work.
Quantitative parameters of the composition of the tracts of landscape area Lesostepnoye Privolzhye of the Nizhny Novgorod region
Authors: Pashkin M N , Astashin A E , Badin M M , Borisov E I , Samoylov A V
Published: January 2020

The article presents the results of landscape studies on the territory of the landscape area of Lesostepnoye Privolzhye located within the elevated right-bank part of the river the Volga. The studies were carried out in October 2015 with the goal of creating a scheme of landscape zoning at the level of landscapes and tracts. As a basis, the authors used the scheme of landscape zoning of the Nizhny Novgorod region, developed by F.M. Bakanina with co-authors (2003) at the level of landscape areas. The authors relied on the structural-genetic approach, as a result of research 17 types of tracts were identified, their spatial distribution was revealed. The developed scheme of landscape zoning can be used for the purposes of territorial planning.
Simulation of agricultural enterprises based on the optimization of the components with the transformation - game model
Authors: Lvovich I Ya , Lvovich Ya E , Preobrazhenskiy A P , Preobrazhenskiy Yu P , Choporov O N
Published: January 2020

This paper discusses the possibilities of change management algorithmization in the activities of agricultural enterprises based on the optimization of the components of the transformation - game model. Optimization models of the main components of the transformational-gaming analogue are proposed. Production of the facility at the enterprise is carried out by employees in the unit for a certain time. The cost of all category details for one employee is determined in accordance with the production plan, type of production and evaluation mechanisms. The block diagram of the weak link search algorithm is presented. It is shown how the optimization of the efficiency of the agricultural enterprise is carried out on the basis of a network rating.
The use of GIS technology in modern conditions
Authors: Andreev D V
Published: January 2020

This article is devoted to the study of the use of GIS technologies in various fields of activity. GIS technology is a modern type of integrated system that meets the requirements. The article describes various classifications of geographic information systems. The main directions of the application of GIS technologies in today’s conditions are formulated. Correct assessment of the situation and rapid response. Describes the history of the development of GIS technology since the late 50s of the last century. Public service, state security service, emergency services, medicine, ecology and nature management, education, business, as well as areas of activity in which it is necessary to carry out data analysis. The work focuses on a particular area, since in the Russian Federation at the moment there are serious problems in this area. The active use of GIS technologies in ecology and nature management allows you to quickly obtain information and predict the development of the situation. GIS technology is a progressive and convenient way to present data to consumers. At the moment, to explore the map of the area, the user does not need to purchase a disk in the store, just download the application on the phone.
Technological features of the cultivation of mirror and scaly carp
Authors: Podoinitsyna T A , Verkhoturov V V , Kozub Y A
Published: January 2020

The article presents the technological features of growing specular and scaly carp. The physic mechanical properties of the pond where carps are grown are studied, the microbiological parameters determined by the fish productivity of two-year-old carps, and the calculated percentage of carps survival are studied. The average weight of the special control group was 315 g, experimental - 311 g, the difference - 5 g (1,27%).
Conceptual model in the system of decision-making support for the critical informational infrastructure of the departmental information network
Authors: Spirin V A , Zenin A A , Pysin S A , Zybin D G
Published: January 2020

The analysis of the functioning of dynamic models of real information systems was performed. It shown that randomness is caused by the manifestation of the basic property of environmental processes — their basic incomplete predictability. A systematic approach and relevant research principles have applied to ensure the scientific formulation and solution of the problem of ensuring the sustainability of critical information infrastructure of departmental information network functioning, its decomposition into particular research problems and aggregation of particular results obtained. The development trends and the construction considered and analyzed, which allowed us to suggest ways of practical implementation of the proposed synergistic approach.
Mathematical modeling of one type of three-link robot manipulator
Authors: Alekseeva S V , Sokolova V A , Markov V A
Published: January 2020

Determining the parameters and conditions under which, when the robot manipulators are operating, the set of optimality criteria can be achieved is an urgent task. In this regard, the problem arises of mathematical modeling of the executive system of a manipulation robot. The article discusses manipulators having rotational, translational and rotational kinematic pairs of the fifth class. Three possible kinematic schemes for such manipulators are given. To describe the movement of the manipulation robot, generalized coordinates are introduced that uniquely determine its configuration. The angles of relative rotations and linear relative displacements of the links were taken as generalized coordinates. A Cartesian rectangular coordinate system was associated with each link of the manipulator and with the fixed base. The problem of determining the relative position of the links and their position in the inertial space was solved by converting one coordinate system to another. As a result, the basic kinematic relations were found that determine the position, speed, and acceleration of the centers of mass of the links in a fixed coordinate system for robot manipulators having one translational and two rotational degrees of mobility. Based on these relations, the problem of constructing equations of dynamics in the form of Lagrange equations of the second kind was solved. The advantage of this form of recording is the closed form of expressions that determine the dynamics of the system, which makes it possible to correctly take into account the internal forces acting in the system. For each of the manipulators considered, systems of three second-order nonlinear differential equations were obtained that describe their dynamics. Due to the need to assess the load moment occurring on the control drive shaft, external generalized forces were reduced to the corresponding generalized coordinate.
Digital technology for the disposal of the non-cereal portion of the crop as fertilizer
Authors: Bogdanchikov I Y , Romanchuk V A
Published: January 2020

The possibility of using digital technology in the utilization of the non-cereal part of the crop as fertilizer is being considered. The algorithm of the analytical unit of the machine for utilization of the non-cereal part of the crop (AdU NCHU) as a fertilizer is presented, on the basis of which a software module was developed. This machine allows one to perform a set of operations in one pass, converting plant residues lying in the swath into organic fertilizer. The performance of the analytical unit and software in the field was assessed. Based on the obtained data, models of straw rolls were built, which were compared and the total deviation in the indicators did not exceed 3.8%. The range of pressure values varied from 0.18 to 0.26 MPa. Field tests of the software module of the analytical unit AdU NChU showed reliable and adequate operation.
Epizootogical geo-information systems
Authors: Gulyukin A M , Belimenko V V , Shabeykin A A , Droshnev A E , Laishevtsev A I
Published: January 2020

Geo-information technologies allow to conduct procedures for analysis and assessment of the risk of natural focal infections, including: assessment of the probability of biological and economic consequences of the spread; risk management; risk communication. Using software for risk analysis and assessment allows to standardize this process and to provide the transparency (evidence) of the procedure, when all data, methods, results and conclusions are documented automatically. The conclusions follow from statistically significant mathematical calculations. The architecture of the epizootological GIS can be extended to any number of noso-logical units (diseases), including those that are not part of the natural focal group. This makes it possible to use the epizootological GIS project as a risk management tool for all especially dangerous, transboundary, quarantine and socially significant diseases, both on the territory of Russia, and within the Customs Union and CIS countries.
Autoclave operation simulation using iTthink software
Authors: Muravyova E A
Published: January 2020

This research article deals with an issue of temperature regulation in an autoclave. To solve this problem, it is proposed to use the simulation model of autoclave operation which can simulate the autoclave operation process with displaying the operation dynamics in a graphic form hour by hour depending on a number of input parameters as well as to simulate the mutual influence of control loops on each other.
Method for determining the power of squirrel-cage induction motors
Authors: Bonnet V V , Loginov A Yu , Prudnikov A Yu , Bonnet Y V , Bonnet M V
Published: January 2020

Squirrel-cage induction motors are the main type of electric motors used for the electric motor drive of the working mechanism of industrial processes. The task of the electrical service of the enterprise is to control the engine power during operation and to prevent overloads or inefficient operations. In order to do that a non-contact method for determining the power of squirrel-cage induction motors is proposed. The method is based on the property of the mechanical characteristics of an induction motor, when with increasing the moment of resistance on the drive shaft, the rotor speed decreases in proportion to the load. Therefore, by measuring the rotor speed of the engine, it is possible to judge the degree of its load. To confirm this, experimental studies of axial fans were carried out. Linear supply voltage, winding current, active power, power factor and engine speed were used as the analyzed parameters of the motors. For more information about the state of the motor, in addition to analyzing the stator current, an analysis of the frequency of the supply voltage, as well as the input power, which is directly related to the current and supply voltage, was made. In the course of the experiments, a number of functional dependences of engine performance on its speed were obtained. It was established that tests are necessary for not only repaired engines, but also new ones to determine the optimal modes of its operation and identify production defects.
Production of lactic acid on enzymatic hydrolysates of cellulose-containing raw materials
Authors: Zynov’eva M E , Shnaider K L , Zaripova S K
Published: January 2020

The production of lactic acid by the microbiological method using as the basis of the nutrient medium hydrolysates of cellulose-containing raw materials is a promising, but poorly studied area of modern biotechnology. Plant or lignocellulose raw materials are considered to be very useful for the production of a variety of microbiological synthesis products. Lignocellulosic raw materials are recognized as the most used carbohydrate material due to renewability and large volumes of production. The possibility of producing of lactic acid on enzymatic hydrolysates of cellulose-containing raw materials (wheat straw, waste paper, mixed substrate) is shown. It is established that hydrolysates of all types of cellulose-containing raw materials allow to obtain lactic acid and probiotic preparations. The yield of lactic acid depends on the type of raw material used. The highest yield of lactic acid is observed when using an unclarified waste paper hydrolyzate as the basis of the nutrient.
Antibiotic resistant of microorganisms in fermented sausages
Authors: Zaiko E V , Bataeva D S , Yushina Yu K , Makhova A A , Minaev M Yu
Published: January 2020

Fermented sausages, although considered safe to eat, sometimes cause serious bacterial infections in people, which can be fatal. We suppose that residual amounts of antimicrobial agents, including antibiotics in meat raw materials, can disrupt the fermentation process, contributing to the development of antibiotic-resistant strains of pathogens. Residual antibiotic amounts in meat have been studied. At least 30% of the samples contained antibiotics. Microorganisms were isolated from meat and minced meat used to produce fermented sausages. It was found that these microorganisms are resistant to antimicrobials. Salmonella showed the highest resistance to amoxicillin - 44.5%; gentamicin 38%; streptomycin 44.5% and tetracycline 55.5%. Bacteria of the species L. monocytogenes showed resistance to amoxicillin - 38.5%, benzylpenicillin - 30.8%, tetracycline 53.8% and ciprofloxacin 38.5%. Escherichia coli showed the highest resistance to amoxicillin - 33.3%, neomycin - 30%, streptomycin - 40% and tetracycline - 40%.
An impact of low doses radiation on the kinetics of reactive oxygen species generation in sheep peripheral blood
Authors: Fedotova A S , Makarskaya G V , Tarskikh S V , Turitcyna E G , Kolesnikov V A
Published: January 2020

The work is devoted to measuring the impact of low doses of ionizing radiation on the kinetics of reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation in sheep peripheral blood. In the evaluation of the OAF production intensity level by the peripheral blood cells in the animals existing on the territories with different radiation tense by chemiluminescent method, it was established that having increased dose tense from 0,91 till 1.55 mGy/year, the amplitude of maximum intensity credibly increased, as well as the total amount of spontaneous and antigen activated primary lucigenin dependent ROS production and antigen activated secondary luminol dependent ROS with time decrease for the maximum achievement of the respiratory explosion.
Synthetic oligonucleotide primers to glycoprotein gene of rabies virus and based by nested polymerase chain reaction method for RNA Rabies virus detection
Authors: Gulyukin A M , Shabeykin A A , Belimenko V V , Stepanova T V , Simonova E G
Published: January 2020

One of widely used methods to detect rabies virus RNA is a reverse transcription chain polymerase reaction (RT-PCR) allowing to determine a diagnosis in 5 hours. Thus, we have elaborated the method that allows to pursue effective elicitation of RNA strains and isolates of rabies virus in pathological and clinical material as well as to decrease research timespan to 6 hours, to lower by 9.8 times the diagnostics prime cost, labor expenditures – by 40 times. The way includes performance of nested RT-PCR with oligonucleotide primers having definite nucleotide sequences and synthesized to conservative glycoprotein gene. Wherein RT-PCR is pursued in two rounds. In the case of positive reaction, fragment corresponding to the size in the first round – 755 bp, in the second round – 259 bp, is synthesized.
Dilute sulfurous acid pretreatment and subsequent enzymatic hydrolysis of corn cobs
Authors: Kharina M V , Loginova I V , Petukhova E V , Meshcheryakova M N
Published: January 2020

The conditions (solid to liquid ratio, acid concentration, temperature, process duration) were selected for the effective high-temperature pretreatment of corn cobs with dilute sulfurous acid. The activity of the enzymatic complexes «CellicCTec2» and «CellicHTec2» of the company «Novozymes» in the process of corn cobs hydrolysis was studied. The maximum yield of reducing sugars was 45 % of absolutely dry substance at a concentration of the enzymatic preparation «CellicCTec2» 3 % (of corn cobs absolutely dry substance) and solid to liquid ratio 1:30. The total amount of extracted reducing substances is 66 % of the theoretical yield of carbohydrates in the corn cobs.
Effects of ciprofloxacin on chicken blood parameters after an experimental infection
Authors: Prisnyi A A , Moiseeva A A , Skvortsov V N
Published: January 2020

The objective of this paper is to study the dynamics of blood parameters in chicken resulting from use of Ciprofloxacin. Ciprofloxacin is more active in affecting aerobic Gram-negative bacteria and Staphylococci. To study the dynamics, formed three groups of chickens (1st group — control; 2nd and 3rd groups – experimental groups), which included crossbred Hisex Brown roosters. The experimental infection of chickens in the 2nd and 3rd group with Staphylococcus aureus culture performed. One day before and during four days after infection chickens in the 3rd group received 200 mg/L of Ciprofloxacin dissolved in water. Blood samples were drawn from all subjects on the day of infection, and then at the 2nd, 4th and 6th day after infection. The following blood parameters: red blood cell count, hemoglobin level, white blood cell count, and leucograms were studied. Analysis of the data we obtained showed significant changes in some parameters of white blood cells in the 2nd and third groups in comparison to the control group. We found inflammatory response which was characterized by significant increase in the absolute count and percentage of pseudo-eosinophils, monocytes and basophils in the 2nd and 3rd groups in comparison to the control group.
Environmental factors influencing expression of bilateral symmetrical traits
Authors: Baranov S G , Zykov I E , Kuznetsova D D , Vinokurov I Yu , Fedorova L V
Published: January 2020

Fluctuating asymmetry (FA) is a kind of asymmetry used to assess the stability of development, as the body’s ability to regulate its development on the phylogenetic level. Phenotypic plasticity helps plants to overcome negative effects of temperature variability, and allow to adjusting traits to adverse conditions. The aim of the study is to evaluate the level of plasticity and fluctuating asymmetry in leaf blade under influence of environmental factors. The leaf blades from urban population linden, Tilia spp. located in Moscow region, Russia were used. Fluctuating asymmetry was measured as FA = L – R / (L + R) in absolute value (L and R – left and right value of bilaterally symmetrical metric trait. Plastic variability was measured as PL = 1 – x/X (x and X – smallest and largest value of trait size). When some traits of a leaf blade had a high plasticity, other ones exposed instability of development with an increased FA value. The correlation PL - FA was changeable. In one site correlation r was – 0.69 (p<0.05; 2014; high temperature in May, up to 60% higher norm). The cold and humid vegetative season in 2017 revealed an increase in the plastic dimensions of leaf blades of the broad-leaved linden (Tilia platyphyllos Scop.) with increasing plastic variability of bilateral traits. We attribute results to the phenotypic deviation caused by low temperatures. The predominance of one type of variability was compensating by the weakness of other type variability most likely due to genetic epistasis.
Ontogenetic reactions of mesophyll of leaves of Betula nana L. on the industrial pollution of the arctic urbanized territory
Authors: Vasilevskaya N V , Struzhko V V
Published: January 2020

There was determined to be concentration of heavy metals (Cu, Ni, Zn, Pb, V) in the vicinity of industrial enterprises in the soil of the city of Murmansk. High concentration of Cu, Ni, Zn was revealed. The structure of mesophyll in the ontogenesis of Betula nana leaves was studied. It has been established that under the influence of polymetallic soil contamination, thickening of leaves of B. nana on experimental sites of the city of Murmansk is higher, than in control and occurs due to increasing of palisade or spongy mesophyll during ontogenesis.
Mechanism of thermally stimulated current occurrence in fine heterogeneous medium on the example of grain crops
Authors: Buzunova M Y , Bonnet V V
Published: January 2020

The mechanism of thermally stimulated current occurrence in non-equilibrium heterogeneous fine-dispersed medium was analyzed on the example of mechanically activated barley. Presence of charged defects on ground grain crops surface causes formation of enveloping water films on their surface with ordered orientation of molecules and develops a double electric layer capable of accumulating electric current in the absence of external voltage. The area of double electric layer on the interfacial boundary of the grain medium under study with rigid fixation of molecules becomes a potential obstacle capable of increasing the substance electric strength. Occurrence of thermally stimulated electric current in the analyzed medium without external voltage results from the formation of potential difference of internal electric field, and is one of the reasons for grain mass burning. It is noted that disordering the structural properties of the ground grain has a serious effect on the temperature and humidity processes in the medium and the thermally stimulated current amount. The amount of electric current depends on the size of mechanically activated particles as well as temperature and humidity conditions.
Growth and development of Tagetes patula grown on vermisubstrate in closed ground
Authors: Turbina I , Nakonechnyi N
Published: January 2020

To study the growth and development of Tagetes patula on substrates of various composition, looking for vermicompost in a closed ground, we studied the biometric indicators and characteristics of the pigment complex (nitrogen balance Nbi, flavonols – Flv and chlorophyll – Ch). In the obtained results, the differences were statistically significant when comparing the median morphometric indices of plants on substrates BK-3a; and BK-2 for both periods of vermicomposting. It was established for substrates f vermicomposting for 90 days that there was a statistically significant difference between (P< 0.05) the compared samples of the Nbi index in the BK-2a; and BK-3a;, in chlorophyll when comparing the control with BK-3a;. It was noted that in vermisubstrates for a period 150 days, statistically significant differences were found in Flv in the BK-2б and BK-3б variants, with the Wilcoxon criterion P = 0.01; control with BK-2б, at P = 0.02. This indicates a significant effect of these substrates on the development of Tagetes patula. In this experiment we failed to prove a similar effect for the remaining soil types (P > 0.05).
Reproductive biology of a rare species Begonia ludwigii in greenhouse conditions of the Siberian Botanical Garden of Tomsk State University
Authors: Yamburov M S , Lykhina A I , Romanova S B , Smolina V M , Zharnakova E Yu
Published: January 2020

The paper presents the results of a reproductive biology study and the Begonia ludwigii seasonal development rhythm - a species classified by the International Union for Conservation of Nature as a rarity category EN (endangered species). The studies have shown that when cultivated in the Tomsk State University Siberian Botanical Garden greenhouse conditions, this species has high potential seed productivity (about 75,000 ovules per inflorescence), high fertility and pollen viability, but at the same time low true seed productivity (seed rate not more than 27%). It was established that the Begonia ludwigii seeds, in the greenhouse conditions, are tied to heterogamous pollination due to the absence of pollinating insects. The use of xenogamous artificial pollination increased the coefficient of seed productivity by almost 3 times. The paper also describes the full seasonal development rhythm, flowering biology, biomorphological features of pollen and seeds.
Methodology of development and diagnostic efficiency of expert systems in animal hepatopathies
Authors: Semenenko M P , Kuzminova E V , Semenenko K A , Kuzminov N D
Published: January 2020

The article discusses the issues of improving the diagnosis of liver pathologies using an expert system - a computer program that allows considering a number of clinical and laboratory data obtained during the treatment of animals. This system will make it possible to conduct a deep information analysis with the subsequent implementation of the forecast for the risks of developing hepatopathies in cattle with the recommendations for reducing the occurrence of diseases.
Control over the inherited diseases of Ayrshire and Aberdeen Angus cattle breeds on the Russian Federation territory
Authors: Konovalova E N , Kostiunina O V , Gladyr E A
Published: January 2020

In the paper have been described the inherited diseases AH1 and FMO3 charactering for Ayrshire cattle breed and AM, OS and DD, charactering for Aberdeen Angus one, particularly, the clinical signs and causing gene mutations. The aim of the study was a genotyping of Ayrshire and Aberdeen Angus breeds cattle of Russian populations by earlier developed DNA tests and the evaluation of the spread of animal carriers. The analysis of two populations of Ayrshire cows (n=268) and three populations of Aberdeen Angus (n=772) sire bulls has shown the presence of animals carriers of the genetic defect of AH1 and FMO3 among the Russian Ayrshire populations in 6.33-15.79% and 7.69-46.15% frequencies, respectively. In addition, in Subpopulation 5b three FMO-affected animals were found (3.03%). The animals carriers of AM and DD genetic defects have been found in Russian Aberdeen Angus populations in the frequencies of 0.63-2.73 and 1.13-9.49% dependently from the populations, respectively. In addition, we have observed the increasing of the frequencies of AMC- and DDC-animals in the subpopulations of descendants of populations 1 and 2. The increasing of AMC-animals in Subpopulation 2b comparing with 2a was statistically significant.
The problem of fire fighting during the hours of darkness
Authors: Savchenkova V A , Korshunov N A , Perminov A V , Voinash S A
Published: January 2020

The article presents the results of the first stage of investigation, aimed at improving the efficiency of the system for forest protection from fire by improving the organization and works to extinguish forest fires due to the optimal use of the dark conditions, increasing the safety of workers of forest fire groups in difficult conditions. The possibility of increasing the impact degree on the border of an existing forest fire with available forces and tools on the first day is equivalent to gaining an increase in the amount of labor hours spent within one operational period. It is comparable to the positive effect of using additional forces for a short period of time. The article presents the results of the first stage of the study. The analysis results of the state in the practice of extinguishing forest fires t dark conditions are presented. In analysis, the attention is focused on the peculiarities of the extinguishing forest fires in difficult conditions, taking into account the influence of the main regulatory factors such as limited visibility, terrain, types of plantings and ground cover, weather conditions, tools and fire extinguishing equipment used, tactical techniques and fire extinguishing methods, equipment firefighting units by individual and group protection tools, application of standard procedures for controlling forces and equipment in a fire, presence of hazardous working conditions, compliance the regulations of the existing law. In the course of the analysis, domestic and foreign experience of extinguishing forest fires at dark conditions was considered. A field research program for the next phase has been organized.
Environmental Supervision (Control) in the area of new technology appliance
Authors: Levaschova O V , Morgacheva N V
Published: January 2020

Steady development of the Russian Federation, its population’s high life and health standards as well as national security can be provided only through the preservation of natural systems and maintenance of appropriate environmental quality. An active usage of new technologies has made modern science be focused on the complex challenges of their enforceability for human and environmental safety. Special attention should be paid to the issues of the peculiarities of State environmental supervision in nanotechnologies taking into account their interdisciplinarity and comprehensiveness. State environmental supervision aims to identify the violations of the law in the sphere of the environment protection (shortcomings, mistakes, abuse) made by economic operators, to analyze the factors of their emergence (including motive definition of the offenders, etc), to take action on their elimination and to develop preventive intervention to avoid in the future.
Statistical processing and analysis of the monitoring results for the Gulf of Finland 2001 - 2019
Authors: Kushnerov A I , Shishkin A I
Published: January 2020

The scientific work is dedicated to solving the problem of providing environmental monitoring data for the basin of the north-eastern part of the Gulf of Finland for the adoption of water protection decisions based on the geoinformation system. As part of the work, a relational database of hydroecological data was developed based on the results obtained in seasonal research expeditions for the period 2001 - 2019. Using the capabilities of statistical processing, we analyzed long-term series of observations on the main indicators of water quality.
Protein content variation in grain of soft spring wheat under the influence of meteorological conditions in the Krasnoyarsk territory
Authors: Keler V V , Martynova O V
Published: January 2020

The article analyzes the closeness and links form in long-term data about the protein content in the soft spring wheat grain with the weather conditions of vegetation, which allowed to reveal its variability nature under the influence of meteorological indicators and to outline ways to improve the newly derived varieties. It was found that the protein content variation in the studied samples during the analyzed period was low and the indicator was relatively stable. The most positive effect on the protein content in the grain of soft spring wheat had temperatures in July and August, and on the contrary the precipitation in August had a negative effect on it.
Nutrient regime of agrochernozems in oilseeds cultivation in the Kansk forest-steppe
Authors: Ulyanova O A , Kurachenko N L , Vlasenko O A , Kazanov V V
Published: January 2020

The study was conducted on chernozem-type soils prevailing in the Kansk forest-steppe. The aim of the investigation is to study the temperature and nutrient regime of agrochernozems in spring rapeseed and camelina sativa cultivation. By the period of oilseeds sowing, the temperature did not reach a stable transition through + 5°C of the soil layer at the depths of 0-20 cm. From May to June, the soil temperature sharply increases up to +13-16°C, and in July it warmed up to 29-30°C. In August, agrochernozems cooled up to + +5-12°C. It has been found that a 0–20 cm layer of the camelina sativa agrocenosis is on average in 2°C warmer than rapeseed. The quantitative parameters resulting from the processes of ammonification and nitrification in the oilseeds agrocenoses are inversely related. The differences in the quantitative estimation of mineral nitrogen in the rapeseed and camelina sativa agrocenosis are not statistically proven. The initial identical high availability level of labile phosphorus in the oil crops agrocenoses is associated with the predecessor. The decline of this indicator in the rapeseed and camelina agrocenosis to a low level of security in the July period is due to its expenditure on the formation of plant productivity. The availability of exchangeable potassium for agrochernozems in agrocenoses is average, but in absolute terms it is higher in soils of camelina sativa agrocenosis.
The use of biogenic nanoparticles of ferrihydrite in the propagation of horticultural crops by cutting
Authors: Bopp V L , Mistratova N A , Petrakovskaya E A , Teremova M I , Gurevich Yu L
Published: January 2020

The effect of biogenic ferrihydrite nanoparticles on the rhizogenesis of garden plants (Salix ledebouriana, Philadelphus coronarius, Thuja occidentalis, and Cerasus fruticosa) was studied. It was shown that nanoparticles of biogenic ferrihydrite (tested 4 modifications) are biologically active. It is assumed that the mechanism of their influence on the rhizogenesis of the tested plant species is general and is associated with the generation of reactive oxygen species in interaction with endogenous hydrogen peroxide.
Optimization of a spatial organization city protective greening
Authors: Krupina N N , Kipriyanova E N , Smirnova V O
Published: January 2020

The urgency of inclusion in the system of territorial planning and ecological zoning of the procedure of assessment of environmental protection efficiency of green plantations in the context of the task of creating a comfortable and safe urban environment is substantiated. It is determined that the sanitizing efficiency of environmental gardening is an indicator of the ratio of the magnitude of the positive result achieved for a specific period of time (assimilation and neutralization of toxicants) and costs. An analysis of the known methods for assessing the quality of green areas has been carried out, criteria and assessment indicators have been identified, the author’s approach has been identified, which involves calculating the optimal distance of the plantation strip from the object of aerotechnogenic impact, taking into account the value of the dangerous wind speed and the technical characteristics of the emission source. An illustrative example is provided. Provisions are formulated that are advisable to take into account when developing managerial decisions: aimed at improving the quality of urban gardening. The effectiveness of plants is manifested locally, therefore, it is necessary to take into account the nature of priority substances (markers), the effect of the summation of their action, migratory properties, as well as the technical parameters of the emission source.
Best available technologies and their role in solution of environmental problems
Authors: Levaschova O V , Tolochko A V , Goricheva V L
Published: January 2020

The modern State task in the area of environmental security is primary. The basis of State policy in the sphere of Ecological development of Russia for the period up to 2030 has prioritized ensuring green economic growth and introducing environmental innovative technologies, preventing and reducing of negative ecological effect. Nowadays new technologies are the foundation of economic growth. New technologies are perspective and in-demand direction of modern science and industry in innovative and industrialized countries of the world. However, it is necessary to assess economic, social, legal consequences of new technologies and to develop approaches and methods for the solution of their introducing problems.
Dynamics of formation of yield of seed potatoes applying humic drugs
Authors: Stupnitsky D N , Pantyukhov I V , Bobojonov A A , Giyosov N K , Pulotov A A
Published: January 2020

The use of the Hypergrin allows to reduce the harvesting time when growing potatoes for seed purposes, to increase the yield and production of marketable tubers when cultivated for food purposes. In the arid conditions of the period 2017 - 2018 the use of the Hypergrin in combination with chemical preparations contributed to a yield increase of 4.6 t/ha.
Variability of productivity elements in spring wheat as a result of farming intensification
Authors: Keler V V , Martynova O V
Published: January 2020

The article describes the influence of different cultivation backgrounds on the yield structure and productivity in soft spring wheat of the zoned variety «Svirel» in the steppe of the Krasnoyarsk territory. It was found that the productive tillering and grains number in the ear from the crop structure elements in spring wheat variety «Svirel» had the best reaction to the using of fertilizers and chemical protection. The maximum average yield increase was observed when wheat was sown on a fertilized background with using of a full range of plant protection products, the minimum after previous grain without using of intensification agents.
Biomonitoring of estuaries of the Peter the Great Bay (the Sea of Japan) using Corbicula japonica (Prime, 1864)
Authors: Dovzhenko N V , Slobodskova V V , Matrosova I V , Pryazhevskaya T S
Published: January 2020

The estuaries of the Razdolnaya and Partizanskaya Rivers in the Peter the Great Bay were chosen to conduct the comparative studies of the effects of pollution on aquatic organisms. Corbicula japonica, a bivalve mollusk, was used as an indicator species. Molecular biomarkers in the digestive gland and gills of C. japonica were used to determine the indicators of oxidative stress, such as lipid peroxidation (malondialdehyde), antiradical activity, DNA damage and microelement composition of tissues. High concentrations of iron, zinc and lead were identified in the tissues of C. japonica from the Partizanskaya River. A high concentration of copper was found in the tissues of those from the Razdolnaya River. The level of lipid peroxidation products in the digestive gland of C. japonica from the Partizanskaya was higher than that of the other areas under study, Moreover, the level of antiradical activity and the genetic damage index in its tissues were two times higher. It is found that chronic oxidative stress is observed in all the estuaries under study. The proposed biomarkers clearly show the state of C. japonica in the biotopes of different pollution levels, indicating that the worst state is attributable to the estuary of the Razdolnaya River.
Prospects of biogeochemical method implementation in identifying rhenium anomalies
Authors: Safonov V A , Ermakov V V , Degtyarev A P , Dogadkin N N
Published: January 2020

This study was aimed at assessment of Re migration and its accumulation by organisms within the Zhireken ore field and neighboring territories (Eastern Transbaikalia). To measure the concentrations of Re in biogeochemical objects, the ISP-mass spectrometry method and solutions with known metal content were used. Other metal were determined by AAS. The hyperaccumulation of rhenium by plants growing around Zhireken quarry (up to 60 mg/kg) at a background level of 5-10 ng/g of dry matter was established. The Re content in the reservoir of the bottom part of the quarry (74 µg/l) and the duct (63 µg/l) exceeds the background concentrations by 1,000-5,000 times. The coefficient of water migration Re in the ore anomaly reaches 914 units, which indicates its high migration ability. Re concentrations in soils and ground correlate with Mo, Cu and Fe ones. In plants, this relationship is not established. The Re hyperaccumulation by plants is the basis for the development of technologies for extracting metal from ore materials and reconndissance of rhenium anomalies.
Features of perennial forage agriculture in the North Caucasian foothills
Authors: Bekuzarova S A , Gasiev V I , Lushchenko G V , Khokhoeva N T , Mamiev D M
Published: January 2020

The article presents the results of studies on the seeding time of perennial forage crops in the foothill area of North Ossetia-Alania. An agricultural method which is necessary is the pre-sowing treatment of seeds with natural agronomic ores in a ratio of 1:2 and simultaneous seed scarification. The studies revealed that the most optimal seeding time in terms of field germination and plant safety for harvesting for all the studied crops was the variant of the middle seeding time in the second ten-day period of May, when the soil temperature was warmed up to 12-14 °C. Also, when seeded late, the plantings of the studied crops significantly decreased in terms of leaf area—by 1.9 thousand m2/ha for burnet, by 1.2 thousand m2/ha for clover, by 1.5 thousand m2/ha for medicago, by 1.5 thousand m2/ha for sainfoin, by 1.5 thousand m2/ha for galega, by 0.8 thousand m2/ha for festulolium. Over four years, the average biochemical composition of perennial grasses of different seeding periods did not differ significantly in the content of forage units, digestible protein and metabolic energy. Thus, depending on the seeding time, fluctuations in the content of forage units were as follows: 2.21-2.24 t/ha for clover; 2.09-2.21 t/ha for medicago; 2.34-2.46 t/ha for sainfoin; 2.69-2.79 t/ha for galega; 2.27-2.41 t/ha for festulolium; 2.56-2.74 t/ha for burnet. The digestible protein content, respectively: 0.37-0.44 t/ha for clover; 0.51-0.55 t/ha for medicago; 0.49-0.54 t/ha for sainfoin; 0.43-0.57 t/ha for galega; 0.38-0.44 t/ha for festulolium; 0.57-0.64 t/ha for burnet. The output of metabolic energy was: 48.9-51.7 GJ t/ha for clover; 38.4-43.2 GJ t/ha for medicago; 39.3-42.4 GJ t/ha for sainfoin; 41.7-46.3 GJ t/ha for galega; 48.7-52.3 GJ t/ha for festulolium; 40.5-42.7 t/ha for burnet. Moreover, the crops of early and medium time of seeding had the highest values of biochemical composition.
Clover nodule bacteria as bioindicators of soils contaminated with heavy metals
Authors: Bekuzarova S A , Bekmurzov A D , Datieva I A , Lushchenko G V , Salbieva M G
Published: January 2020

The article presents the results of a study of vital activity of nodule bacteria of Trifolium praténse, Trifolium hibridum, Trifolium alexandrinum and Trifolium incarnatum as environmentally friendly bioindicators in soil toxicity assessment. The study focused on the number of nodules and their stain with leghemoglobin. The materials were taken from the plots artificially contaminated with heavy metals (lead (Pb), arsenic (As), mercury (Hg), fluorine (F), zinc (Zn) and cobalt (Co)). The results of the experiments showed that environmental distress occurs when the nitrogen-fixing nodules are stained pink or red in the range of 8-15%, which indicates that the lead content in the soil exceeds the threshold limit value (TLV) by 1.2-1.5 times. A significant decrease in nodule activity and weak or no stain were observed with an increase in mercury concentration by 1.1 times. It was found that the mass of rhizobium or the supply of organic nitrogen obtained by plants from fixation from the air is directly dependent on the grass density. At high concentrations of heavy metals in the soil, the nodule bacteria lose the amount of leghemoglobin, therefore the stain of bacteria is disrupted, so this indicator can be used as a bioindicator in soil toxicity assessment.