bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Political, Historical and Social Features of the Human Right to Health
Authors: Almeida Castro Luis Henrique , Martins Viegas de Oliveira Cristiane , Bezerra de Souza Diego , Mendes Monteiro Geanlucas , Penaves de Alencar Gildiney , Assalin Zorgetto-Pinheiro Verônica , De Souza Cosmo Raphael , Teixeira Pereira Thiago
Published: January 2020

The consecration of the right to physical and mental integrity at the time of the establishment of the World Health Organization (WHO) in 1946 and the United Nations Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UN) in 1948 established the human right of access to health. Conversely, the practical guarantee of this right has gone through many nuances since then, so that today the process of its implementation is closely related to the political, historical and social aspects of each country, demanding from the administrative power an interdisciplinary look for this issue. The problem that involves this conjuncture drives the researchers of this field to question themselves: what is the role of the State in this right? What is the performance of health professionals in fact? Is it possible to achieve the universality of human rights in an economically and culturally globalized world? In the light of the above, this narrative review aimed to collect in the literature the scenarios that permeate this reality providing tacit examples of how the human right to health is shaped according to the conjunctures of insertion of each community that tries to implement it
Effectiveness Analysis of Biomedical Dynamometers used to evaluate palmar gripping force and forceps gripping in Leprosy Carriers
Authors: Scapinelli Desirée Ferro , Da Silva Josivaldo Godoy , Silva Iandara Schettert
Published: January 2020

Leprosy is a chronic and infectious disease, transmissible, which causes neural lesions in which its investigation is mandatory in Brazil because it causes decreased thermal sensitivity, touch and pain, but mainly causes loss of muscle strength in the feet and hands giving the disease a great disabling power. Therefore, this disease is of health concern and control policies have been concerned with early diagnosis and treatment of affected individuals, requiring objective, sensitive and reliable methods of measurement. Therefore, this research proposed to analyze the effectiveness of biomedical dynamometers in the measurement of handgrip strength and forceps grasping force in the hand of leprosy patients. In this context, a systematic literature review was performed considering publications in Portuguese and English from 1993 to 2019, due to the lack of qualitative research publications in recent years related to the measurement of the effects of leprosy. The results of the study showed that the dynamometers surveyed have the potential to be used as tools to measure effects and support the diagnosis of leprosy. These meters have important features such as non-invasive, easily reproduced and good accuracy, contributing to objective assessment and early diagnosis of the professional, favoring the treatment of affected patients. In addition, through this literature review, it is possible to observe the importance of handgrip strength measurement, because the delay in diagnosis and consequently in treatment generates severe physical disabilities in the hands, which are evident due to the radial, median and ulnar nerves generating limitation to perform activities and decreased work capacity.
PENERAPAN METODE PEMBELAJARAN PROBLEM SOLVING TERHADAP KEMAMPUAN BERPIKIR KRITIS SISWA PADA POKOK BAHASAN SISTEM PENCERNAAN MANUSIA DI KELAS VIII SEKOLAH MENENGAH PERTAMA NEGERI 1 SELIMBAU TAHUN PELAJARAN 2016/2017
Authors: Pratama Hardi Candra , Wahyuni Florentina Esti , Pelipa Emilia Dewiwati
Published: January 2020

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh Penerapan Metode Pembelajaran Problem Solving terhadap Kemampuan Berpikir Kritis Siswa. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah metode kuantitatif. Bentuk penelitian adalah Quasi-eksperiment dengan desain penelitian Nonequivalent Control Group Desain. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah siswa kelas VIII di sekolah SMP Negeri 01 Selimbau Tahun 2016/2017 yang berjumlah 67 siswa. Sampel yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah Kelas VIII B sebagai kelas eksperimen dan kelas VIII C sebagai kelas kontrol dengan menggunakan teknik pengambilan sampel Purposive Sampling. Alat pengumpulan data yang digunakan adalah lembar observasi, lembar tes dan angket. Hasil analisis data observasi guru di kelas eksperimen dengan presentasi 100%, berkriteria baik, sedangkan data observasi siswa pada kelas eksperimen dengan presentasi rata-rata 100% berkriteria baik. Setelah dianalisis diketahui bahwa Metode Pembelajaran Problem Solving berpengaruh secara signifikan terhadap kemampuan berpikir kritis siswa. Hal ini ditunjukan dengan data Pretest dan Posttest kelas eksperimen dihitung menggunakan Program SPSS18.0 dengan nilai Sig. (2-tailed) sebesar 0,000 dan hasil ini kurang dari 0,05 (0,000<0,05), sehingga dapat disimpulkan bahwa H0 ditolak dan HI diterima. Sehingga dapat disimpulkan bahwa terdapat pengaruh yang signifikan Metode Pembelajaran Problem Solving Terhadap Kemampuan Berpikir Kritis Siswa Pada Pokok Bahasan Sistem Pencernaan Manusia di Kelas VIII SMP Negeri 01 Selimbau Tahun Pelajaran 2016/2017. Setelah dilakukan pengolahan data angket diperoleh rata-rata nilai 100% dengan kategori sangat kuat.
PENGARUH MODEL PEMBELAJARAN QUANTUM TEACHING BERMEDIA PETA TIMBUL TERHADAP HASIL BELAJAR KOGNITIF PADA MATERI SISTEM GERAK MANUSIA DI KELAS VIII SMP NEGERI 2 MENUKUNG TAHUN PELAJARAN 2016/2017
Authors: Mawarni Yohana Eka , Duda Hilarius Jago
Published: January 2020

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui penerapan model pembelajaran Quantum Teaching bermedia peta timbul terhadap hasil belajar kognitif siswa pada materi sistem gerak manusia. Pendekatan penelitian yang diterapkan dalam penelitian ini adalah pendekatan kuantitatif. Metode penelitian ini adalah penelitian eksperimen. Bentuk penelitian ini adalah Quasi Experimental dengan menggunakanNonequivalent Control Group Design. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah seluruh siswa kelas VIII Sekolah Menegah Pertama Negeri 2 Menukung yang berjumlah 42 siswa. Sampel dalam penelitian adalah kelas VIIIA sebagai kelas eksperimen dengan jumlah siswa 21 orang dan kelas VIIIB sebagai kelas kontrol dengan jumlah siswa 21 orang. Teknik sampling yang digunakan adalah Sampling Jenuh. Alat pengumpulan data yang digunakan adalah, soal tes. Berdasarkan analisis data diperoleh hasil penelitian sebagai berikut: Hasil belajar kognitifrata-rata siswa setelah menggunakan model Quantum Teaching adalah 0,73 dengan kriteria tinggi, sedangkan hasil belajar kognitif rata-rata siswa setelah menggunakan metode konvensional adalah 0,23 kriteria rendah. Berdasarkan uji hipotesis pada posttest kelas eksperimen dan kelas kontrol diperoleh t hitung sebesar 6,12 dan t tabel sebesar 2,02108. Pengujian hipotesis membuktikan bahwa t hitung > t tabel (6,12 > 2,02108) yang artinya Ha diterima dan Ho ditolak. Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa terdapat perbedaan yang signifikan hasil belajar kognitif siswa pada materi sistem gerak manusia antara kelas eksperimen dan kelas kontrol.
PENINGKATAN HASIL BELAJAR KOGNITIF SISWA BIOLOGI SEKOLAH MENENGAH PERTAMA MELALUI METODE DEMONSTRASI
Authors: Mulyono Ota , Bustami Yakobus , Julung Hendrikus
Published: January 2020

Penelitian ini dilatar belakangi oleh banyaknya siswa yang memperoleh hasil belajar kognitif di bawah nilai ketuntasan minimal. Pendekatan yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini berupa pendekatan kuantitatif deskriptif dengan metode penelitian tindakan kelas yang terdiri dua siklus. Subjek dalam penelitian ini adalah siswa Sekolah Menengah Pertama Negeri 3 Dedai kelas VIII B berjumlah 26 siswa yang dibelajarkan dengan metode demonstrasi. Instrumen untuk mengukur hasil belajar kognitif berupa soal pilihan ganda sebanyak 25 soal. Data yang diperoleh dianalisis dengan menggunakan analisis statistik deskriptif berupa nilai rata-rata dan nilai ketuntasan klasikal. Hasil analisis statistik deskriptif menunjukan bahwa pada siklus I diperoleh 16 siswa tuntas dengan nilai rata-rata 58,15 dan ketuntasan klasikal 61,53%. Selanjutnya pada siklus II, siswa yang tuntas sebanyak 24 siswa dengan nilai rata-rata 75,19 dan ketuntasan klasikal sebesar 92,30% siswa masuk kategori baik. Hasil penelitian ini dapat disimpulkan bahwa penggunaan metode demonstrasi dapat meningkatkan hasil belajar siswa pada materi biologi.
Ultra-High Field MRI in Alzheimer’s Disease: Effective Transverse Relaxation Rate and Quantitative Susceptibility Mapping of Human Brain In Vivo and Ex Vivo compared to Histology
Authors: Tuzzi Elisa , Balla David Z. , Loureiro Joana R.A. , Neumann Manuela , Laske Christoph , Pohmann Rolf , Preische Oliver , Scheffler Klaus , Hagberg Gisela E.
Published: January 2020

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the most common cause of dementia worldwide. So far, diagnosis of AD is only unequivocally defined through postmortem histology. Amyloid plaques are a classical hallmark of AD and amyloid load is currently quantified by Positron Emission tomography (PET) in vivo. Ultra-high field magnetic resonance imaging (UHF-MRI) can potentially provide a non-invasive biomarker for AD by allowing imaging of pathological processes at a very-high spatial resolution. The first aim of this work was to reproduce the characteristic cortical pattern previously observed in vivo in AD patients using weighted-imaging at 7T. We extended these findings using quantitative susceptibility mapping (QSM) and quantification of the effective transverse relaxation rate (R2*) at 9.4T. The second aim was to investigate the origin of the contrast patterns observed in vivo in the cortex of AD patients at 9.4T by comparing quantitative UHF-MRI (9.4T and 14.1T) of postmortem samples with histology. We observed a distinctive cortical pattern in vivo in patients compared to healthy controls (HC), and these findings were confirmed ex vivo. Specifically, we found a close link between the signal changes detected by QSM in the AD sample at 14.1T and the distribution pattern of amyloid plaques in the histological sections of the same specimen. Our findings showed that QSM and R2* maps can distinguish AD from HC at UHF by detecting cortical alterations directly related to amyloid plaques in AD patients. Furthermore, we provided a method to quantify amyloid plaque load in AD patients at UHF non-invasively.
Auditory Agnosia for Environmental Sounds in Alzheimer’s Disease: Not Hearing and Not Listening?
Authors: Coebergh Jan A.F. , McDowell Steven , van Woerkom Theodorus C.A.M. , Koopman Jan P. , Mulder Jacqueline , Bruijn Sebastiaan F.T.M.
Published: January 2020

Auditory agnosia for environmental sounds (AES) is an example of central auditory dysfunction. It is presumed to be independent of language deficits and in presence of normal hearing. We undertook a detailed neuropsychological assessment including environmental sound naming and recognition in 34 clinically mild Alzheimer’s disease (AD) patients and 29 age-matched healthy control subjects. In patients with AD, audiometry was performed to assess the impact on test performance, and in normal controls the Hearing Handicap Inventory for the Elderly – Screening Version to exclude more than mild hearing loss. We adapted a validated environmental sound battery and found near perfect scores in controls. We found that environmental sound agnosia is common in mild AD. We found a statistically significant difference in mean pure tone audiometry in the best ear between patients with and those patients without naming deficits of 11.3 dB ( p = 0.010) and of 14.7 dB ( p = 0.000) between those with and without recognition deficits. Statistical significance remained after correcting for age, aphasia, Mini-Mental State Examination score, and working memory. Slight and moderate peripheral hearing loss increases the odds ratio of recognition deficits by 13.75 (confidence interval 2.3–81.5) compared to normal hearing patients. We did not find evidence for different forms of AES. This work suggests that an interaction between peripheral hearing loss and AD pathology produces problems with environmental sound recognition. It confirms that the relationship between hearing and dementia is complex but also suggests that interventions to prevent and treat hearing loss could have an effect on AD in its clinical expression.
Pine Bark Polyphenolic Extract Attenuates Amyloid-β and Tau Misfolding in a Model System of Alzheimer’s Disease Neuropathology
Authors: Ono Kenjiro , Zhao Daisy , Wu Qingli , Simon James , Wang Jun , Radu Aurelian , Pasinetti Giulio Maria
Published: January 2020

Plant-derived polyphenolic compounds possess diverse biological activities, including strong anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-microbial, and anti-tumorigenic activities. There is a growing interest in the development of polyphenolic compounds for preventing and treating chronic and degenerative diseases, such as cardiovascular disorders, cancer, and neurological diseases including Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Two neuropathological changes of AD are the appearance of neurofibrillary tangles containing tau and extracellular amyloid deposits containing amyloid-β protein (Aβ). Our laboratory and others have found that polyphenolic preparations rich in proanthocyanidins, such as grape seed extract, are capable of attenuating cognitive deterioration and reducing brain neuropathology in animal models of AD. Oligopin is a pine bark extract composed of low molecular weight proanthocyanidins oligomers (LMW-PAOs), including flavan-3-ol units such as catechin (C) and epicatechin (EC). Based on the ability of its various components to confer resilience to the onset of AD, we tested whether oligopin can specifically prevent or attenuate the progression of AD dementia preclinically. We also explored the underlying mechanism(s) through which oligopin may exert its biological activities. Oligopin inhibited oligomer formation of not only Aβ1-40 and Aβ1-42, but also tau in vitro. Our pharmacokinetics analysis of metabolite accumulation in vivo resulted in the identification of Me-EC- O-β-Glucuronide, Me-(±)-C- O-β-glucuronide, EC- O-β-glucuronide, and (±)-C- O-β-glucuronide in the plasma of mice. These metabolites are primarily methylated and glucuronidated C and EC conjugates. The studies conducted provide the necessary impetus to design future clinical trials with bioactive oligopin to prevent both prodromal and residual forms of AD.
Florbetapir Regional Distribution in Cerebral Amyloid Angiopathy and Alzheimer’s Disease: A PET Study
Authors: Planton Mélanie , Saint-Aubert Laure , Raposo Nicolas , Payoux Pierre , Salabert Anne-Sophie , Albucher Jean-François , Olivot Jean-Marc , Péran Patrice , Pariente Jérémie
Published: January 2020

Background:

Sporadic cerebral amyloid angiopathy shows progressive amyloid-β deposition in the wall of small arterioles and capillaries of the leptomeninges and cerebral cortex.

Objective:

To investigate whether amyloid load and distribution, assessed by florbetapir positron emission tomography (PET), differs between patients with probable CAA-related intracerebral hemorrhage (CAA-ICH) and mild cognitive impairment due to Alzheimer’s disease (MCI-AD).

Methods:

We assessed [18F]florbetapir uptake in 15 patients with probable CAA-ICH and 20 patients with MCI-AD patients. Global and regional florbetapir retention were assessed using standard uptake values ratio (SUVr) in region-based and voxel-wise approaches. Visual reading of florbetapir scans was performed for all participants. Group comparisons were performed using univariate and multivariate analysis.

Results:

Global florbetapir retention was lower in patients with CAA-ICH than MCI-AD (median SUVr, 1.33 [1.21–1.41] versus 1.44 [1.35–1.66]; p = 0.032). In the region-based analysis, regional florbetapir distribution was similar between the two groups. There was a trend for an increased occipital/global ratio in CAA-ICH patients compared to MCI-AD ( p = 0.060). In the voxel-wise approach, two clusters, one in parietal regions and the other in temporal regions, had higher uptake in MCI-AD relative to CAA patients.

Conclusions:

Patients with CAA-ICH had a lower global florbetapir PET burden than patients with MCI-AD. Relative florbetapir retention in the posterior regions tended to be higher in CAA patients in region-based analysis but was not statistically different between groups. Investigation on differences in amyloid deposits distribution between groups required a fine-grained voxel-wise analysis. In future studies, selective amyloid tracers are needed to differentiate vascular from parenchymal amyloid.
CCL23: A Chemokine Associated with Progression from Mild Cognitive Impairment to Alzheimer’s Disease
Authors: Faura Júlia , Bustamante Alejandro , Penalba Anna , Giralt Dolors , Simats Alba , Martínez-Sáez Elena , Alcolea Daniel , Fortea Juan , Lleó Alberto , Teunissen Charlotte E. , van der Flier Wiesje M. , Ibañez Laura , Harari Oscar , Cruchaga Carlos , Hernández-Guillamón Mar , Delgado Pilar , Montaner Joan
Published: January 2020

CCL23 is a chemokine implicated in inflammation and host defense responses. It has been recently associated with acquired brain damage and stroke outcomes. In this study, we reported the role of CCL23 in Alzheimer’s disease (AD). We evaluated the levels of CCL23 in 659 individuals: cognitively normal, mild cognitive impaired (MCI), and AD patients. Two cross-sectional (study 1, n = 53; study 2, n = 200) and two longitudinal (study 3, n = 74; study 4, n = 332) studies were analyzed separately. CCL23 levels in the blood and/or cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of each study were measured by immunoassays. Globally, our results suggest a predictive role of CCL23 protein levels both in the plasma in study 3 (hazard ratio (HR) = 2.5 (confidence interval (CI) 95% : 1.2–5.3), p = 0.02) and in the CSF in study 4 (HR = 3.05 (CI 95% : 1.02–5), p = 0.04) in cases of MCI that progress to AD. Moreover, we observed that the APOE ɛ 4 allele was associated with higher levels of CCL23 in study 2 (470.33 pg/mL (interquartile range (IQR): 303.33–597.76) versus 377.94 pg/mL (IQR: 267.16–529.19), p = 0.01) ( APOE genotypes were available in studies 2 and 4). Together, these findings support the role of CCL23 in neuroinflammation in the early stages of AD, suggesting that CCL23 might be a candidate blood biomarker for MCI to AD progression.
The Role of Free and Cued Selective Reminding Test in Predicting [18F]Florbetaben PET Results in Mild Cognitive Impairment and Mild Dementia
Authors: Spallazzi Marco , Michelini Giovanni , Barocco Federica , Dieci Francesca , Copelli Sandra , Messa Giovanni , Scarlattei Maura , Pavesi Giovanni , Ruffini Livia , Caffarra Paolo
Published: January 2020

Background:

Free and Cued Selective Reminding Test (FCSRT) is a reliable cognitive marker for Alzheimer’s disease (AD), and the identification of neuropsychological tests sensitive to the early signs of AD pathology is crucial both in research and clinical practice.

Objective:

The study aimed to ascertain the ability of FCSRT in predicting the amyloid load as determined from amyloid PET imaging (Amy-PET) in patients with cognitive disorders.

Methods:

For our purpose, 79 patients (71 MCI, 8 mild dementia) underwent a complete workup for dementia, including the FCSRT assessment and a [18F]florbetaben PET scan. FCSRT subitem scores were used as predictors in different binomial regression models.

Results:

Immediate free recall and delayed free recall were the best predictors overall in the whole sample; whereas in patients <76 years, all models further improved with immediate total recall (ITR) and Index of Sensitivity of Cueing (ISC) resulting the most accurate in anticipating Amy-PET results, with a likelihood of being Amy-PET positive greater than 85% for ITR and ISC scores of less than 25 and 0.5, respectively.

Conclusion:

FCSRT proved itself to be a valid tool in dementia diagnosis, also being able to correlate with amyloid pathology. The possibility to predict Amy-PET results through a simple and reliable neuropsychological test might be helpful for clinicians in the dementia field, adding value to a paper and pencil tool compared to most costly biomarkers.
Aluminum and Amyloid-β in Familial Alzheimer’s Disease
Authors: Mold Matthew , Linhart Caroline , Gómez-Ramírez Johana , Villegas-Lanau Andrés , Exley Christopher
Published: January 2020

Genetic predispositions associated with metabolism of the amyloid-β protein precursor underlie familial Alzheimer’s disease; a form of dementia characterized by early disease onset and elevated levels of cortical amyloid-β. Human exposure to aluminum is linked to the etiology of Alzheimer’s disease and recent research measured a high content of aluminum in brain tissue in familial Alzheimer’s disease. To elaborate upon this finding, we have obtained brain tissues from a Colombian cohort of donors with familial Alzheimer’s disease. We have used established methods to measure the aluminum content of these tissues and we have compared the data with a recently measured dataset for control brain tissues. We report significantly higher levels of aluminum in brain tissues in donors with familial Alzheimer’s disease than in control tissues from donors without neurological impairment or neurodegeneration. We have used aluminum-specific fluorescence microscopy along with complementary imaging for amyloid-β to demonstrate a very high degree of co-localization of these two risk factors in brain tissue in familial Alzheimer’s disease. Aluminum and amyloid-β were co-located in senile plaques as well as vasculature, the latter resembling cerebral amyloid angiopathy. Aluminum was also found separately from amyloid-β in intracellular compartments including glia and neuronal axons. The research has identified an arguably unique association between high brain aluminum content and amyloid-β and allows postulation that genetic predispositions defining familial Alzheimer’s disease underlie this relationship.
TANGGUNG JAWAB PENDIDIK TERHADAP PENDIDIKAN FISIK DAN PSIKIS ANAK DALAM ISLAM
Authors: Noor Fu’ad Arif
Published: January 2020

The meaning of the term is “ready to accept responsibility or duty obligations”.The sense of responsibility that should be very easy to understand by everyone. Butif asked to do so in accordance with the earlier definition of responsibilities, thereis often still find it hard, had a problem, there are even people who feel inadequateif given him a sense of responsibility. Most people dodge responsibility, because it'smuch easier to avoid responsibility, rather than accept responsibility. Many peopledodge responsibility, because it's easier to shift responsibility, rather than stand upboldly and declare unequivocally that, It's my responsibility. Many people are veryhappy with the throwing shoulder its responsibilities to other people.Hence came a proverb, hidden stone throwing hand. A proverb that mean someone who does not dare to be responsible for his own behavior, so he let others bearthe burden of responsibility. Could also be interpreted as some one who escaperesponsibility, and love looking for scapegoats to save himself from actions thatharm others. Some people, because they can not understand the meaning ofresponsibility; often in his life very fond of self-defense with the words, It was notmy fault. Too many people are in vain, to spend time to avoid responsibility byblaming the other person, rather than to accept responsibility, and bravely face anychallenge in front of him.Many events in this country, which is caused by people who are not responsible,instead often won or excessive relief granted by the environment with highlyimplausible. It's very sad. At the present time, many people who dodgeresponsibility, because they have gained from that attitude. More teragis again, offthat responsibility is often supported by a nearby neighborhood, his friends, hischildren, his boss, his son, even supported by his wife or her husband. Can be seen,for example, corruption, and manipulation. Most of the people in the nearbyenvironment were supportive, because they are all bound to feel the results of it'scorruption or manipulation. Prophet Muhammad Prophet's sayings: Everyone ofyou is a leader, and you are responsible for the leadership ". (Al-Hadith, SahihBukhari - Muslim).
PERJUMPAAN SAINS (FILSAFAT) DAN AGAMA REFLEKSI ON GOING PROCESS STUDI ISLAM DI PTAI
Authors: Junaedi Mahfudz
Published: January 2020

Terabaikannya fakta-fakta dasar ilmiah yang sangat luas, denganmeremehkan hakikat sains, metodologi, dan lingkup validitasnya.Meskipun dalam realitas kehidupan, terdapat relasi yang kuatAllah/Tuhan, filsafat, dan sains modern. Hal ini terlihat dari adanyapengaplingan atau pengkotak-kotakan yang rigid dalam bidang ilmu,sehingga tidak saling menyapa. Pemisahan ini bertolak dari paradigmailmu yang dikembangkan Barat, yaitu knowledge for power, sementara padasisi lain, ilmu-ilmu agama berparadigma knowledge for living. Dari duaparadigma ini, kemudian melahirkan dua wajah peradaban yang berbeda.Paradigma pertama telah menjadikan ilmu sebagai tandingan Tuhan atauTuhan Baru yang memperlakukan objeknya dengan semena-mena,sedangkan paradigam kedua lebih menekankan ilmu sebagai media untukhidup lebih baik secara berdampingkan. Dari sisilah, tulis ini hendakmempertemukan antara sains dan agama dalam perjumpaan yang salingmenyapa dan mendialogkan antar keduanya, baik dalam wilayah ajaranmaupun kelembagaan. Pada lembaga PTAI/PTAIS mempertemukankedua kutub sains dan agama merupakan tuntutan peradaban modernterutama pada metodologi. Sehingga tragedi dan krisis kemanusiaan sertalingkungan hidup, dapat ditemukan solusinya melalui ilmu yang sejakawal diciptakan manusia untuk kemaslahatan dan memudahkankehidupan manusia.
PENANGGULANGAN KEKERASAN TERHADAPANAK (Child Abuse) DALAM KELUARGA (Perspektif Pendidikan Agama Islam)
Authors: Fuadi Salis Irvan
Published: January 2020

The concept of violence against children includes several things:Definition of violence against children (child abuse), other forms ofviolence against children (child abuse), elements of violence againstchildren (child abuse). Islamic education is an alternative educationto guide while also directing students toward the establishment of aprivate key (perfect man) based on the ethical values of Islam whilemaintaining good relations against Allah neighbor, herself and thesurrounding nature .. As for the prevention of violence against childeducational perspective of Islam, which must be implemented byparents, namely: provide exemplary child, think before runningthings, binds hearts before explaining, introduced before the burden,hang the child, not dictate, rectifying the error is not stripped,reward, punish wisely, sanctions educate, to avoid punishment thatdoes not educate, do not bring up a previous state, and warmthafter the punishment.
TAFSIR MUQARAN IBNU KATSIR DAN AL-MARAGHI Q.S. AL-ISRA’: 1
Authors: Nasokah Nasokah
Published: January 2020

Tafsir Muqaran adalah penafsiran al-Qur’an yang membandingkanpenafsiran dari beberapa mufasir. Lafadz muqarran berasal dari kata arabyakni: ( المقارنة ) yang berarti perbandingan. Metode tafsir al-muqarranyang dimaksudkan penulis disini adalah sebagaimana yang diketahui olehal-Farmawi yakni suatu metode tafsir al-Qur’an dengan mengemukakanayat-ayat al-Qur’an yang ditulis oleh sejumlah para mufasir, dimanaseorang mufasir menghimpun sejumlah ayat-ayat al-Qur’an, kemudianmenulis kaji dan teliti penafsiran sejumlah mufasir mengenai ayat tersebutmelalui kitab-kitab tafsir mereka. Apakah mereka penafsir dari generasisalaf atau khalaf, apakah mereka itu tafsir bi al-matsur, atau tafsir bira’yi. Dalam hal ini penulis akan membandingkan antara tafsir IbnuKatsir dengan al-Maraghi tentang Q.S. al-Isra’: 1. Dari metode tafsir almuqarrandisini penulis berharap bisa meneliti dan berusaha membuatbandingan arah dan kecenderungan antara tafsir ibnu katsir dan maraghidan berusaha menganalisa apa yang menjadi background mereka,sehingga kecenderungan mereka dapat dilihat dengan jelas apakah hanyacenderung dengan aspek i’rab dan balaghah, kisah dan peristiwa yangirrasional tanpa dalil aqli dan naqli, atau kecenderungan pada salah satumadzhab ataukah mereka terpengaruh dengan ide-ide ilmu alam atauteori-teori ilmiah lainnya.
Agenda común sobre desarrollo sostenible en América Latina
Authors: Páez Vieyra Juan Carlos
Published: January 2020

El objetivo de este artículo es aportar a la búsqueda de elementos comu- nes hacia una visión colegiada del desarrollo sostenible en América Latina, especialmente en materia medioambiental. Este documento forma parte de una investigación más amplia sobre el papel de las redes transnacionales de organizaciones no gubernamentales que participaron en la construcción de la Agenda 2030, cuyo resultado fue encontrar si existen elementos comunes sobre desarrollo sostenible, particularmente sobre los problemas ambienta- les que afectan la región, y cómo estos se vinculan a la producción industrial y consumo del modelo económico actual. Así, encontrando estos temas co- munes, se pueden encontrar soluciones comunes basadas en los diferentes objetivos de desarrollo sostenible elaborados por la onu en 2015.
Case Studies of Tree Farmers in Maasin, Leyte Island, the Philippines
Authors: Gordon Melissa
Published: January 2020

Case study interviews were conducted with five tree farmers in Southern Leyte Province of Leyte Island in the Philippines. The case studies were designed to gain indepth insights into the problems and benefits of growing and managing trees from the perspective of the tree farmers. Interviews focussed on attitudes to regulations concerning the registration of tree plantings and transport of timber. Also discussed were the way in which tree farmers manage their trees, why they choose to manage a tree farm and their interactions with staff of the Philippine Department of Environment and Natural Resources. It was found that some tree farmers were motivated to plant trees after receiving free seedlings from the DENR and having positive interactions with DENR officers thereafter to help manage their farm and fulfil requirements of DENR policies. Tree farming was regarded as an effective way of improving living standards and welfare.
Timber Market Information on Leyte Island, the Philippines
Authors: Cedamon Edwin , Harrison Steve , Herbohn John
Published: January 2020

Information is essential in making marketing decisions. This paper presents an assessment of information concerning the timber market in Leyte Island, focusing on sources, how to access supply and demand information, and usefulness and limitations of available information. The sources of timber market information include (i) Philippine Forestry Statistics, (ii) a database of registered tree plantations, (iii) a barangay-based inventory of trees on farms, and (iv) tree measurements and data collected in the timber enterprise survey conducted by the ACIAR Tree Farm Project. Based on available secondary data, there are 27,635 ha of forest in Leyte that is potentially harvestable. In addition, based on the findings of the barangay-based tree farm inventory, there are approximately 2.7 M trees on tree farms on Leyte Island. Timber demand by entrepreneurs on Leyte Island has not been calculated yet from the available survey data of the ACIAR Tree Farmer Project; however, estimates show that the annual per capita timber consumption of the Philippines for 2005 was 7.8 board feet. It was found that although some secondary data on timber market information are available from government agencies, particularly the Department of Environment and Natural Resources, consumer and producer-level data are scarce. Most of the producer and consumer-level data available to date were gathered through the ACIAR Tree Farm Project.
Millet pollen quality depending on the growing conditions and varietal characteristics
Authors: Dryga V.
Published: January 2020

The aim of the study is to find out the features of forming the quality of pollen grains, namely their size and viability, depending on the growing conditions and varietal characteristics of switchgrass.
The research deals with the peculiarities of millet pollen grains formation, depending on the conditions of vegetation and varietal composition, as the pollen quality – its size and viability – affects the seeds germination. It was established that the pollen quality depended both on the conditions of the growing season and varietal composition. Thus, in the 2018 growing season the weather conditions in the flowering phase (July) were favorable for the viable pollen formation, and high temperatures in August, exceeding 35 oC after 11:00 am at the absence of precipitation affected the viability of the pollen. In all the varieties, the viability of pollen was low. The most viable pollen was in the Morozko variety and the least viable – in the Cave-in-Rock variety, which negatively affected the seed germination. Pollen grains are spherical in form and colorless. They were not uniform in size both depending on the genotype and the growing conditions. In 2018 the pollen grains size ranged from 29 to 60 microns, in 2019 – from 5.2 to 57.2 microns. In 2019, the smaller pollen formed compared to 2018 due to high average daily air temperatures that exceeded average daily long-term values and due to significant moisture deficiency.
Millet pollen is not homogeneous, depending on the both genotype and vegetation conditions. In 2018, which was favorable for pollen formation, the size varied from 29 to 60 microns, and in the less favorable 2019, it was smaller and ranged from 5.2 to 57.2 microns. The largest size of pollen grains formed in the Sunburst variety compared to other varieties. The most uniform – 85.3 % of the total amount – was the pollen in the Cave-in-Rock variety.
Key words: pollen grains, quality, pollen size, viability, pollen form, variability, uniform.
N-acylation of Phenylacetic Acid Amide - Synthesis and Study of Thermodynamic Reaction Characteristics
Authors: Anenko D. , Kodonidi I. , Glushko D. , Chiriapkin A. , Smirnova L. , Ivchenko A.
Published: January 2020

The aim of this study is the synthesis of N-acylated derivatives of phenylacetic acid amide and the investigation of the correlation between product yields and the nature of the acylating agent. The reaction was carried out in an acidic environment, adding acid anhydrides to the substance, which differ in the length and branching of the carbon chain. The resulting products are of considerable interest both as biologically active compounds and as starting materials for the preparation of pyrimidin-4(1)-one derivatives.
A case of multitrauma with vena cava inferior isthmus injury
Authors: Yeniocak Selman , Yıldırım Sunay , Az Adem , Demirel Ahmet , Özden Muhammed Furkan , Uzun Özlem
Published: January 2020

Abstract:

 

Introduction: Large vessel and cardiac injuries
may also be seen in high-energy blunt traumas such as traffic accidents. This
report describes a multitrauma patient with vena cava isthmus inferior injury
brought to the emergency department following high-energy blunt trauma.

Case: A 33-year-old woman was brought to the
emergency department following an in-vehicle traffic accident. On arrival, her
general condition was poor, and she was unconscious and hemodynamically
unstable. Physical examination revealed that the left hemithorax was enlarged
compared to the right, was distorted, and did not contribute equally to
respiration. Injury to the isthmus of the vena cava inferior and bleeding in
the pericardial cavity were observed in addition to abdominal injury symptoms
at thoracoabdominal computerized tomography. The patient was taken for
abdominal surgery. After surgical intervention, she was transferred to the intensive
care unit.

Conclusion: It should not be forgotten that
major vascular and cardiac injuries such as vena cava inferior isthmus injury
may also accompany other systemic injuries in patients subjected to high-energy
trauma.
Acute mechanical intestinal obstruction due to foreign body ingestion
Authors: Uysal Emin , Çelik Hakan , Hıncal Şakir Ömür , Türkdoğan Kenan Ahmet
Published: January 2020

Introduction: Foreign body ingestion is usually occurs accidenatlly and is a common
condition in childhood, but it is rarely seen in adults and is frequently
encountered in people with mental retardation and psychiatric disease. The
outcome is usually defecation of the ingested materials but rarely requires
surgial intervention. Case Report: A 33-year-old male patient was admitted to
the emergency department with the complaint of constipation as a result of
swallowing about 1000 plastic buttons yesterday.  His acute mechanical intestinal obstruction
was alleviated with conservative treatment and the patient discharged with
recommendations.Conclusion: The number, shape, size and time of ingestion determine the mode of
treatment. There are three main principles in treatment. Endoscopic retraction,
conservative follow-up and surgical intervention. In addition to, tomography
should be considered as an option for foreign bodies that can not be visualized
with direct radiography.
The Impact of Futures Price Volatility to Spot Market : Case of Coffee in Indonesia
Authors: Anis Erma Wulandari  , Harianto Harianto  , Bustanul Arifin  , Heny K Suwarsinah
Published: January 2020

Indonesia is the world 4th largest coffee producer after Brazil, Vietnam and Colombia with export potential and higher national consumption concluded in 2017 while the coffee production was relatively stagnant. This was led the producer to not only the production risk but also the price risk which then emphasize the importance of futures markets existence as price risk management. This study is performed to examine the impact of futures price volatility to spot market using ARCH-GARCH toward primary data of coffee futures and spot prices of 1172 trading days starting from January 2014 to June 2018. The ARCH-GARCH analysis result indicates that futures price volatility and monetary variables are impacting the volatility of spot price. Arabica spot price volatility is impacted by volatility of Arabica futures price, inflation and exchange rate while Robusta spot price is impacted by Robusta futures price volatility and exchange rate. This is confirming that futures market plays dominant role in spot price discovery. Local futures and spot prices are also found to be significantly influenced by volatility of offshore futures prices which indicates that emerging country futures market is actually influenced by offshore futures market which the price itself used as price reference.
EFEKTIVITAS KEPEMIMPINAN KEPALA SEKOLAH: STUDI KASUS PADA SEKOLAH INTERNASIONAL X DI BALI
Authors: Sidupa Jeanny Novita
Published: January 2020

Improving the educational quality can be done not only through improvements on instructional process such as curriculum, learning methods, the quality of teachers or educational facilities but also through principal leadership as the principal is directly related to the implementation of the school program. Data collection techniques used was interview, and documentation. The survey method is carried out only as an affirmation and supporting data. The research was conducted using qualitative descriptive approach. Moreover, to assure the validity of research, the data was tested through triangulation method. Based on the research findings, it was concluded that the hindrances on the effectiveness of principal leaders was caused by the absence of superintendents’ support in providing organizational structure, system and program which focused on school’s vision and mission. That being said, it was suggested that superintendent as a policy maker to put an effort to develop coordination and collaboration with all the stake holders as it will establish the school’s direction and foster a strong commitment in meeting those goals.

 

Kualitas mutu sumber daya manusia salah satunya ditentukan oleh kualitas mutu pendidikan.Untuk meningkatkan mutu pendidikan tidak hanya dapat dilakukan melalui perbaikan proses pembelajaran seperti kurikulum, metode pembelajaran, perbaikan kualitas guru atau sarana pendidikan tetapi juga melalui kepemimpinan kepala sekolah. Kepemimpinan kepala sekolah merupakan faktor penting dalam menentukan keberhasilan sekolah karena kepala sekolah berhubungan langsung dengan pelaksanaan program sekolah. Penelitian ini membahas mengenai pelaksanaan kepemimpinan kepala sekolah X di pulau Bali. Penelitian ini dilakukan menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif deskriptif, menggunakan pengamatan wawancara, dan dokumentasi. Metode survey dilakukan hanya sebagai penegasan dan data pendukung. Teknik analisis data menggunakan model analisis interaktif yang terdiri dari pengumpulan data, reduksi data, penyajian dan kesimpulan. Pengujian keabsahan data menggunakan triangulasi sumber. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian, disimpulkan bahwa kendala-kendala yang dihadapi kepala sekolah dalam menjalankan kepemimpinannya adalah kurangnya dukungan dari pihak yayasan sekolah dalam menciptakan standar, sistem dan program yang berorientasi pada visi, misi dan tujuan sekolah. Untuk itu yayasan sebagai pembuat kebijakan hendaknya melakukan koordinasi dan kolaborasi yang baik dengan seluruh warga sekolah sehingga dapat menentukkan arah kebijakan dan menumbuhkan komitmen yang kuat dalam pemenuhan tujuan sekolah.
DESAIN MODEL PEMBELAJARAN ONLINE SEBAGAI UPAYA MEMFASILITASI BELAJAR DI TEMPAT KERJA
Authors: Meisa Diningrat Syaiputra Wahyuda
Published: January 2020

Vocational high school in Indonesia is familiar with the concept of dual system education program. There are two places of learning such as school-based learning and work-based learning. A few vocational education institutions have claimed that during carry out work-based learning, they ask students to master some competencies through self-regulated learning without a learning environment that planned. Therefore, this article aims to give an integrative learning design framework for online learning as an effort to guide educators and instructional designers in designing and developing online learning environment that meet with the students need. Shifting roles of educators and instructional designers in online learning, each component within integrative learning design framework for online learning, as well as the features of online learning model are discussed here. So that, educators and instructional designers who want to design online learning model could not only avoid mistakes but also reduce the failure.
META ANALISIS TUTORIAL ONLINE UNIVERSITAS TERBUKA
Authors: Wahyuningsih Sri Suharmini , Darmayanti Tri , Bintarti Arifah
Published: January 2020

Online tutorial service was a learning support services provided by the Universitas Terbuka (UT) for its students. In the distance education system, the learning process could be done through the internet. Research on online tutorial learning and services has been done by UT lecturers. This article aimed to map research related to UT's online tutorials, both in the form of research reports and those that have been published in journals. The purpose of mapping was to find out what research topics regarding online tutorials that have been conducted. The research method used was the meta-analysis method, combining various analyzes which then produced a global analysis of online tutorials. The results of this study were online tutorial research could be categorized into five topics, namely a) the relationship between online tutorial values ​​and final exam scores; b) organizing online tutorials; c) the quality of online tutorials; d) online tutorial accessibility; and e) online tutorials as a research tool. Students rated the implementation of online tutorials as good and they were satisfied. The value of online tutorials could contribute to the value of final exam scores. However, the accessibility of online tutorials was still low because it depended on the network and students’ discipline and activeness.

Layanan tutorial online merupakan layanan bantuan belajar yang diberikan Universitas Terbuka (UT) untuk para mahasiswanya. Dalam sistem pendidikan jarak jauh proses pembelajaran dapat dilakukan melalui jaringan internet. Penelitian tentang layanan dan pembelajaran tutorial online sudah banyak dilakukan oleh dosen UT. Artikel ini bertujuan untuk memetakan penelitian yang berhubungan dengan tutorial online UT, baik dalam bentuk laporan penelitian maupun yang sudah dipublikasikan di jurnal. Tujuan pemetaan adalah untuk mengetahui apa saja topik penelitian mengenai tutorial online yang sudah dilakukan. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah metode meta analisis, menggabungkan berbagai analisis yang kemudian menghasilkan analisis global mengenai tutorial online. Hasil dari penelitian ini adalah penelitian tutorial online dapat dikategorikan menjadi lima topik, yaitu: a) Hubungan nilai tutorial online dengan nilai UAS; b) Penyelenggaraan tutorial online; c) Kualitas tutorial online; d) Aksesibilitas tutorial online; dan e) Tutorial online sebagai sarana atau alat penelitian. Mahasiswa menilai penyelenggaraan tutorial online sudah baik dan mahasiswa merasa puas. Nilai tutorial online dapat berkontribusi terhadap nilai UAS. Namun aksesibilitas tutorial online masih rendah karena bergantung kepada jaringan serta kedisiplinan dan keaktifan mahasiswa.
Impact of Direct Acting Antivirals on Survival in Patients with Chronic Hepatitis C and Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Authors: Zargar Mahrukh Hameed
Published: January 2020

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) represents a global public health burden, affecting an estimated 14 million persons worldwide, and is the third leading cause of cancer mortality. Within the United States, HCC is ranked 7th for cancer related mortality and has seen a doubling in incidence from 1975 to 2007. The primary predisposing factors for HCC carcinogenesis is liver cirrhosis. Cirrhosis risk factors include chronic alcohol use, viral hepatitis, including hepatitis c (HCV), and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Chronic HCV infection is the second most common risk factor for HCC and is responsible for 10–25% of all HCC cases. Over 20–30 years, 20–30% of patients with chronic HCV infections will develop cirrhosis and end stage liver disease and 1–4% of these patients will progress to HCC each year. Of all HCV related HCC cases, 80–90% occur in the setting of cirrhosis. With more than 3.5 million HCC patients in the United States and an estimated 130–170 million patients worldwide currently infected with HCV, the importance of HCV management in HCC therapeutic care and prevention is clear. The major current therapeutic goal for HCV and prevention of liver disease progression is sustained viral response (SVR), which is defined by negative HCV RNA at 12 weeks post-treatment (SVR12) and appears to be durable with a late virologic relapse rate of less than 1%. Therapeutic management of HCV has recently shifted from interferon-based therapies to all-oral interferon-free direct-acting antiviral (DAA) combination regimens. DAAs are a new class of drugs that target nonstructural proteins responsible for replication and infection of the hepatitis c virus. Genotype specific DAA therapies have been shown to reach SVR12 exceeding 90% of patients with fewer adverse effects compared with historic interferon-based regiments. SVR12 from DAA regimens have been associated with a decrease in liver outcomes including cirrhosis, hepatic decompensation, HCC and mortality. However, the impact  of DAA regimens on clinical outcomes in patients with HCC remain limited. This study evaluates the impact of DAA on overall survival in HCV patients with HCC with the a priori hypothesis that SVR12 would be associated with improved outcome.