bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
OTOMATISASI TINGKAT KUALITAS KAYU KELAPA MENGGUNAKAN GENETIC ALGORITHM
Authors: Khatimi Husnul , Sari Yuslena
Published: March 2021

Coconut plantation in South Borneo had a total area of 30,513 ha with 26,633 tons of production result in the year of 2016. But South Borneo is still limited in the utilization of fruit part and leaf, whereas the coconut wood then was often used for construction material. The level of needs for coconut wood material in the industrial world were greatly increased. Indonesia is one of the exporter of coconut wood material into other countries. To determine good quality woods for best quality materials, control for the full process was necessary in order for the product to be ready to use. The visual determination of quality level (grading) for coconut wood need to be automated, with the result that could be used for determination of suitable material for furniture as well as building construction and deacrese the dependency for manual grader. This research produced the proposed enhancement methode for quality image recognition in a visual manner for coconut wood, Genetic Algorithm, that could obtain the necessary accuracy for the quality determination of coconut wood. The benefits of this research was to support coconut plantation on South Borneo in producing coconut wood material as one of the material industry commodities.
SISTEM ALAT MONITORING UNTUK PENGENDALI SUHU DAN KELEMBABAN GREENHOUSE BERBASIS INTERNET OF THINGS
Authors: Arafat Arafat , Ibrahim Ibrahim
Published: March 2021

Greenhouse is an agricultural technology to protect plants from uncertain weather, with the
Greenhouse will be able to maintain and distribute temperature, soil moisture, sunlight, and
air humidity evenly with an optimal level. Even so the environmental conditions inside the
Greenhouse will always change due to the influence of the weather environment outside the
Greenhouse which is uncertain, so there is a need for monitoring so that plants inside the
Greenhouse can grow optimally. With IoT (Internet of Things) technology, Greenhouse
farmers do not need to visit the Greenhouse to monitor and control the environment inside
the Greenhouse. This is because with the IoT technology Greenhouse farmers can monitor
and control v1ia an Android smart phone. The things that can be monitored are
temperature, humidity of the room, soil moisture, sunlight, water discharge, and soil
moisture, besides that farmers can also control the temperature and humidity of the
Greenhouse environment, as well as the provision of water to plants in the Greenhouse.
The system used in this study uses ESP32 as a control center and uses DHT11, Soil
Moisture, as a sensor to measure IoT temperaturei, humidityi and soil moisture in the
greenhousei. As a control in the greenhouse there are two control outputs, namely water
pump 1 and water pump 2. ESP32 will read the temperature, humidity and soil moisture
sent from the DHT11 sensor which will determine whether the water pump will turn on or
not. To read the soil moisturei sensor used is capacitivei soil moisturei, if the soil moisture
reaches a predetermined threshold, the water pump 2 will turn on and drain the water into a
poly bag through drip drops.
PENGARUH PUTARAN TURBIN ANGIN SUMBU HORIZONTAL KOMBINASI PEMBERAT BOLA PEJAL
Authors: Herlina Firda , Mujiburrahman Mujiburrahman , Asyari Adi
Published: March 2021

Along with the increase in population is directly proportional to the need for energy sources both to support people's lives and the increase in the industrial sector in Indonesia. One of the most widely used sources of electricity is wind. Wind turbines are very sensitive to the wind speed they receive, as a result of fluctuations in wind speed that affect wind rotation speed. For this reason, the author has the idea to combine a wind turbine with a solid object turbine, it is hoped that the combination can produce more consistent rotation. The tool used is a wind turbine combined with solid blade ball weights 8, 9 and 10 and ballast of 10 gr, 20 gr and 30 gr for each blade and wind speeds of 3.3 m / s, 3.6 m / s and 3.9. m / s with the experimental research method, the experiment was carried out 3 times in each tool for ± 2 minutes which was expected to produce a combination of the variables studied in the form of a turbine with the maximum rotational speed and the most consistent rotation. From these experiments, it was found that a turbine with 10 blades, a weight of 10 gr at a wind speed of 3.9 m / s had the fastest rotation, namely 116.43 rpm while a 9 blade turbine with a weight of 30 gr at all three wind speeds was the turbine with the most consistent rotation, namely the difference between the top and bottom rotation is 2.53 rpm.
ANALISA UNJUK KERJA INDUCED DRAFT FAN PLTU ASAM-ASAM UNIT 3 DAN 4
Authors: Syarief Akhmad , Nugroho Wisnu Setyo , Nugraha Andy
Published: March 2021

Throughout the year 2015, PLTU Asam Asam Unit 3 and 4’s Induced draft fans frequently having issues. These issues were affects customer’s elecricity consumption because of load generated from PLTU Asam Asam unit 3 and 4 is was decreased heavily, seldom made the unit shut down for maintenance. This issues was being discussed and investigated to find the source and solutian to fix it. After the investigation, it is found that fly ash who was being carried by flue gas through IDF was stuck to fan’s blade and create unbalance in its rotation. Next modification was applied to fly ash transmitter to make sure its operating continous because it has been stopped for a while. The effect of this modification is quite significant if we compare data from before and after modification, it can be see that derating and shutdown because of IDF problem is fewer than what it was before modification.
DESAIN DAN PENGEMBANGAN CUSTOM DEVICE SEBAGAI SISTEM KONTROL GAME BEPAY
Authors: Zulkarnain Andry Fajar , Mustamin Nurul Fathanah , Maulida Muti'a
Published: March 2021

BeatME is made by utilizing digital technology and network technology to make it easier for humans to channel their creativity in the field of music. With this convenience, it is expected that people who have always wanted to play music but are constrained by ability, knowledge, tools, cost, time, and location, can realize their desires and produce works. The BeatME game control system is a tool made by using Arduino as a game controller named. Based on the results of tests that have been done, it can be concluded that the device can send and receive data for communication with the Bepay game. And also equipped with a vibrating sensor and infrared to add the impression of drawing in its use. It is expected that with this test can be played by beginners and who are already accustomed to the game Bepay to become an interesting entertainment.
PENGARUH PENAMBAHAN KOTORAN SAPI DAN ENCENG GONDOK (EICCHORNIA CRASSIPES) TERHADAP PRODUKSI BIOGAS DARI LIMBAH JEROAN IKAN
Authors: Dwityaningsih Rosita , Triwuri Nurlinda Ayu
Published: March 2021

The purposed of this research to study effect of adding cow dung and waterhyacinth to improve biogas production from fish waste. The method of thisresearch used experimental method at batch anaerob reactor and absortion carbonatom used NaOH solution. The result of this research analysis used describtionmethod. The observed of parameter included accumulation of biogas productionand also parameter at slurry incuded temperature and pH. Qualitative parameter istest of flame of biogas. The conclusion value of pH from this research betweencontrol reactor, A1 reactor (fishwaste: cow dung: water hyacinth= 2:9:3), A2reactor (fishwaste: cow dung: water hyacinth= 1:4:2), A3 reactor (fishwaste: cowdung: water hyacinth= 1:3:3) is 5 to 10. Temperature range in 28 oC to 31oC. Theresult indicated the different composition of subtrat slurry from fishwaste, cowdung and water hyacinth in scale 2:9:3 (A1 reactor) produced biogas accumulationand metana the most than the others reactor.
RANCANG BANGUN PINTU GESER OTOMATIS BERBASIS MIKRO KONTROLER ARDUINO
Authors: Muttaqin Idzani
Published: March 2021

The progress of science and technology from time to time is growing rapidly. Iftraced back, first all activities are done manually. Along with technologicaldevelopments, some activities have been converted into an automated system.Like to open a door that requires human labor, now has many doors that can beautomatically opened when there is someone who will enter. But there are fewobstacles, whereas when someone is running quickly it must wait for the door toopen automatically which causes the person to stop first and wait for the door toopen. In this Final Project, ultrasonic sensor (PING) is used to measure visitordistance. Dc motor is used to set the speed of opening the door. The prototype ofautomatic sliding door is controlled using arduino microcontroller. Test resultsshow that the door will open when visitors are in front of the door measured withultrasonic sensor (PING). After the tool testing, the maximum load of the doorthat can be moved by the tool is less than 15 kg. The time it takes the automaticsliding door to close with the maximum load is 3.12 seconds.
KEMAMPUAN MENCERITAKAN KEMBALI ISI CERPEN KETIKA SEBUAH MIMPI DIPAHAMI KARYA AL-KAUSARZ SABANI PESERTA DIDIK KELAS VIII SMP NEGERI 26 BANJARMASIN
Authors: Maulida Annisyah , Fatah Yasin Moh. , Alfianti Dewi
Published: March 2021

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan bagaimana kemampuan menceritakan kembali isi cerpen peserta didik kelas VIII SMPN 26 Banjarmasin. Tarigan  menyatakan bahwa menulis ialah menurunkan atau melukiskan lambang-lambang grafik yang menggambarkan suatu bahasa yang di pahami oleh seseorang. Metode dan Pendekatan yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah deskriptif  kuantitatif. Sampel penelitian, yaitu 60 peserta didik kelas VIII SMPN 26 Banjarmasin. Berdasarkan kemampuan menceritakan isi cerpen pada kelas VIII-B 50% peserta didik  “mampu” dan 50% peserta didik  “sangat mampu” dalam menceritakan isi cerpen. Sedangkan di kelas VIII-E 47 % peserta didik  “mampu” dan 53% peserta didik  “sangat mampu" dalam menceritakan isi cerpen. Secara keseluruhan gabungan kelas VIII-B dan VIII-E 52% peserta didik  dinyatakan “mampu” dalam menceritakan isi cerpen dan 48%  peserta didik  dinyatakan “sangat mampu” dalam menceritakan isi cerpen.
KETERAMPILAN MENULIS CERPEN BERDASARKAN KOMIK WEBTOON SISWA KELAS IX-D MTSN 2 KOTA BANJARMASIN
Authors: Laili Ainun Purnama , Sabhan  , Hermawan Sainul
Published: March 2021

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan keterampilan menulis cerpen berdasarkan Komik Webtoon siswa kelas IX-D MTsN 2 Kota Banjarmasin berdasarkan aspek kebahasaan dan aspek kesastraan. Metode deskriptif dengan pendekatan kualitatif dan kuantitatif dipakai dalam penelitian ini. Berdasarkan analisis data, diketahui bahwa siswa baik dalam membuat cerpen berdasarkan tema dan amanat yang terdapat dalam Komik Webtoon yang dibaca. Penelitian yang dilakukan dapat disimpulkan dari aspek kebahasaan berupa penggunaan ejaan dan aspek kesastraan berupa tokoh dan penokohan, latar, alur, dan sudut pandang. Dari 32 siswa, 21 siswa (65,63%) dikategorikan baik, 10 siswa (31,25%) dikategorikan cukup baik, dan 1 siswa (3,12%) dikategorikan kurang baik. Berdasarkan data tersebut, keterampilan menulis cerpen siswa kelas IX-D MTsN 2 Kota Banjarmasin dikategorikan baik (terampil), dengan persentase 65,63%.
PEMBELAJARAN STRUKTUR DAN KEBAHASAAN TEKS EKSPOSISI PESERTA DIDIK KELAS X MIPA-1 SMA NEGERI 7 BANJARMASIN
Authors: Annisa Nurshifariani Ahya  , Sabhan  , Faradina
Published: March 2021

Penelitian ini memiliki tujuan untuk mengetahui perencanaan, pelaksanaan, penilaian, kendala, dan upaya dalam pembelajaran struktur dan kebahasaan teks eksposisi di kelas X MIPA-1 SMA Negeri 7 Banjarmasin. Jenis penelitian ini yaitu penelitian deskriptif kualitatif. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan cara observasi, wawancara, dan dokumentasi. Hasil penelitian dapat ditarik lima kesimpulan. Pertama, pendidik menggunakan perencanaan pembelajaran yang bersumber dari silabus dan RPP berdasarkan kurikulum 2013. Kedua, pelaksanaan pembelajaran sudah mencakup tahap-tahap 5 M (mengamati, menanya, mencoba, menalar, dan mengkomunikasikan) dalam satu pertemuan dan pada proses pelaksanaan juga terdiri atas tiga kegiatan, yaitu pendahuluan, inti, dan penutup. Ketiga, penilaian autentik dilakukan pendidik untuk menilai sikap, pengetahuan, dan keterampilan. Keempat, kendala pada pembelajaran struktur dan kebahasaan teks eksposisi dibagi menjadi dua, kendala pendidik dan peserta didik. Kelima, upaya untuk mengatasi kendala juga dilakukan oleh pendidik dan peserta didik.
MAKING PAPER FROM MIXTURE OF OIL PALM FRONDS (OPF) AND OIL PALM EMPTY FRUIT BUNCHES (OPEFB)
Authors: Nanna Nanna , Rhamadhani Syahrul , Aminah Siti , Riadi Aji Larasati Putri , Putri Novy Pralisa
Published: March 2021

The oil palm industry produces solid waste such as oil palm fronds (OPF) and empty fruit bunches (OPEFB), but the utilization of the OPEFB waste is still limited to composting. Even the palm fronds are only left on the farm without being processed. While both types of waste contain a lot of cellulose and can be processed into more economic value. In addition to compost, the two types of waste can be used as pulp and paper. Hence, in this study, the two wastes are processed into the paper with a variety of concentrations of solvents and mixtures. The aim is to determine the effect of solvent concentration in the process of making paper pulp and the effect of the comparison of the mixture of paper pulp with the characteristics of the paper produced. Each material is processed into pulp by the soda process using sodium hydroxide as a solvent. While the solvent concentration used is 20%, 30%, and 40% for materials from OPEFB, while the material from OPF is only mixed with 20% sodium hydroxide solution. Then the pulp, OPEFB pulp with various variations of solvent, mixed pulp with the ratio of OPF pulp and OPEFB pulp of 1: 3; 1: 1; and 3: 1 processed into paper. The resulting paper was analyzed to study folding strength, tear strength, and paper thickness. The results of the study prove that the folding endurance and tear resistance of the paper have smaller in the greater concentration of the solvent. By contrast, the thickness of the paper is greater. Besides, more the mass of OPEFB in the pulp mixture, then the folding endurance and tear resistance of the paper have less, while the thickness is decreasing.
BIOCONVERSION OF MUNICIPAL ORGANIC WASTE USING BLACK SOLDIER FLY LARVAE INTO COMPOST AND LIQUID ORGANIC FERTILIZER
Authors: Kahar Abdul , Busyairi Muhammad , Sariyadi Sariyadi , Hermanto Agus , Ristanti Ari
Published: March 2021

Bioconversion of municipal organic waste using Black Soldier Fly larvae provides potential benefits. Apart from reducing municipal solid waste, BSF larvae (maggot) offer valuable added value as animal feed. The purpose of this study was to analyze the potential of BSF larvae in the bioconversion process of municipal organic waste, to analyze the quality of the compost produced and to analyze the nutrition content of BSF larvae (maggot). BSF eggs in hatching are covered with gauze which are given organic waste feed, then after hatching they become BSF larvae transferred to enlargement media. BSF larvae are fed leftovers that enter the TPST, so that the enlargement medium is wet. Feeding leftovers from TPST is done every day. The rearing time for BSF larvae is for one life cycle. Maggot harvesting is carried out at the age of the larva about 2-3 weeks. The final products of organic waste bioconversion are BSF larvae (maggot), compost and POC. It was found that the BSF larvae (maggot) could reduce organic waste (municipal organic waste) by 47.75%. Where the ability of BSF larvae (maggot) to consume municipal organic waste is 26,1508 g waste / g maggot. The protein, crude fat and ash content in maggots which were given organic waste were 41.8%, 14.63% 9.12%, respectively.
SYNTHESIS AND CHARACTERIZATION OF STARCH-BASED FUNCTIONAL EDIBLE FILM
Authors: Lesti Aceng , Cristy Gita , Agustina Selly , Nata Iryanti Fatyasari
Published: March 2021

Abstrak-Pengemasan merupakan salah satu faktor penting yang diperlukan pada produk makanan. Jenis pengemasan yang sering digunakan adalah plastik, namun sifatnya yang nonbiodregadable akan memunculkan permasalahan baru. Oleh karena itu dikembangkan edible film, yang merupakan suatu kemasan primer ramah lingkungan serta dapat dimakan. Salah satu sumber daya alam lokal Kalimantan Selatan yang dapat digunakan sebagai bahan baku pembuatan edible film tersebut adalah ubi Alabio ungu dengan cangkang kulit telur sebagai produk limbah utama industri makanan yang dijadikan filler untuk bahan campuran penyusun edible film. Kombinasi penggunaan cangkang kulit telur ini karena penggunaan tunggal pada edible film seperti pati masih kurang baikSelain itu, penambahan ekstrak kelakai bertujuan untuk meningkatkan aktivitas antioksidan edible film. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mempelajari pengaruh penambahan filler pada edible film terhadap sifat fisik dan kimianya, serta penambahan bahan antioksidan untuk membuat edible film fungsional.Metode Penelitian yang akan digunakan untuk pengkajian dalam penelitian ini berupa studi literatur. Data yang diperoleh dikompilasi, dianalisis, dan disimpulkan sehingga mendapatkan kesimpulan mengenai studi literatur yang berkaitan dengan penelitian yang dilakukan. Hasil yang diperolah dari penelitian penambahan ekstrak kelakai dan filler cangkang telur ayam mendapatkan komposisi terbaik dari edible film yang dihasilkan dengan 10% tepung cangkang telur ayam dengan kandungan 5% ekstrak kelakai yang mempunyai ketebalan 0,174 mm, kuat tarik 1,5 MPa, panjang pemutusan 27,4%, transmisi uap air 10,83 g/m2 jam, scavenging activity 5,19% setelah 10 menit, uji biodegradasi bertahan sampai 5 hari dengan menggunakan media sosis. Karakteristik terbaik edible film pati ubi jalar diperoleh dari formulasi 10% (v/b pati) gliserol dengan ketebalan 0,06 mm, laju transmisi uap air 1,79 g/m2, elongasi 8,75% dan kekuatan tarik 0,75 Mpa. Edible Film yang dihasilkan dari penambahan kitosan akan menaikkan ketebalan film dan kuat tarik, namun menurunkan kelarutan, pemanjangan dan nilai laju transmisi uap air dari edible film yang terbentuk. Manfaat dari edible film fungsional ini dapat membantu memperpanjang umur simpan makanan dan ramah lingkungan.
GESTÃO DE PROJETOS SOCIAIS: UMA ANÁLISE DO MODELO DE GERENCIAMENTO ADOTADO POR UMA SECRETARIA MUNICIPAL DE DIANÓPOLIS/TO, A PARTIR DO GUIA PMBOK
Authors: Silva Josivaldo Alves da , Primo da Silva Edna
Published: March 2021

O presente artigo tem como objetivo analisar o modelo de gerenciamento de Projetos Sociais estabelecidos pela Prefeitura de Dianópolis/TO, executados pela Secretaria de Esportes e Juventude no período de 1º de janeiro de 2017 a 20 de setembro de 2019, a partir do guia PMBOK. Os tipos de pesquisas utilizadas na investigação foram: exploratória, bibliográfica, documental, descritiva e explicativa através de um estudo de caso. Quanto à metodologia empregada na coleta, análise e interpretação dos dados foi a qualitativa. O estudo de caso foi executado no período de 22 de agosto a 20 de setembro de 2019. O instrumento de coleta de dados foi; um questionário semi-estruturado com dez questões abertas, aplicado presencialmente pelos pesquisadores ao Secretário de Esportes e juventude, principal responsável pelo gerenciamento dos projetos da pasta. Através da pesquisa foi possível observar dois pontos fundamentais: a Secretaria de Esporte e Juventude, não utiliza um guia de gerenciamento de projetos para padronizar os processos, estabelecer diretrizes claras de gestão, e não dispõe de profissionais capacitados para atuar no gerenciamento dos respectivos projetos conforme estabelece as normas.
REGISTROS DE PATENTES E SUAS RELAÇÕES COM AS CADEIAS PRODUTIVAS LOCAIS: A EXPERIÊNCIA DA UNIVERSIDADE FEDERAL DO TOCANTINS
Authors: De Medeiros Ana Lúcia , Eliagi de Oliveira Pedro , Abreu Sousa Kleber
Published: March 2021

Este artigo discute como a Universidade Federal do Tocantins (UFT) é capaz de contribuir com o desenvolvimento do estado através da transferência de tecnologia para a inovação, especialmente por meio da concepção e registro de patentes que tenham adesão às cadeias produtivas do estado do Tocantins. A metodologia utilizada na pesquisa foi quantitativa e documental, ao utilizar dados secundários do Núcleo de Inovação Tecnológica (NIT) da UFT e da Federação das Indústrias do Estado do Tocantins (FIETO). Os resultados demonstram um crescimento exponencial dos registros de patentes desde o início das atividades do NIT, em 2012. Ao relacionar as patentes registradas com as cadeias produtivas locais, foram detectadas patentes que possuem aderência a onze cadeias produtivas diferentes, com variadas aplicações no setor agrícola, transporte, construção civil, alimentação, indústria química e tratamento de resíduos urbanos; o que sugere a necessidade de estruturação de uma agenda específica conjunta entre os pesquisadores da UFT e os atores envolvidos nas cadeias produtivas locais do Estado.

Palavras-chave: cadeia produtiva; inovação; patentes
Use of Ecologically-and Evolutionary Relevant Transcriptomic Data to Infer Functions of Fungal Pathogen Gene Orthologs Essential for Limiting Fungal Stresses Caused by Interacting Host Plants and Bacteria
Authors: Olsson Stefan , Aron Osakina , Li Hongchen , Li Qinfang , Oest Hansen Bjoern , Tang Wei , Wang Zonghua , Lu Guodong , Zheng Wenhui
Published: March 2021

Key genes needed for maintenance and growth for the two pathogens, Fusarium graminearum and Magnaporthe oryzae, were identified. These are genes that are induced in response to maintenance requirements (stress) and growth requirements. The processes involved are synthesizing arginine, synthesis of DNA-bases, nitric oxide synthesis needing arginine, autophagy, DNA synthesis, and DNA repair. A simplified regulatory network for these key genes for both organisms was constructed as a hypothesis for the work, and procedures previously developed to use sets of downloaded transcriptomic data were used to test hypotheses concerning what time under the course of infection of plants the key genes are expressed. The analysis shows that the transcription efforts (costs) to maintain the fungal cells (maintenance) are high before infection and during early infection. During the following biotrophic stage, maintenance activities drop, followed by a dramatic increase in the necrotrophic stage transition. Finally, in the necrotrophic stage, maintenance is again lower despite the high growth rate that can also cause stress. All identified genes' expressions behaved almost similar with an increased expression in the biotrophy-necrotrophy transition for both fungi except the DNA repair genes PARP/PARG that was not responding or absent (PARG) in the mainly clonal M. oryzae. This PARG expression pattern might indicate that M. oryzae is more subject to evolution by point mutations than F. graminearum, where sexual reproduction is frequent. The potential consequences of this in the development and the accelerated breakage of host species resistance in a Red Queen dynamics scenario are discussed. The analysis demonstrates the possibility of using large transcriptome datasets and co-regulations between key genes to test hypotheses. This technique's advantages complement molecular techniques that employ knockouts and over-expression of target genes to suggest that genes' roles are discussed.
"Domains of Deprivation Framework" for Mapping Slums, Informal Settlements, and Other Deprived Areas in LMICs to Improve Urban Planning and Policy: A Scoping Review
Authors: Abascal Ángela , Rothwell Natalie , Shonowo Adenike , Thomson Dana R. , Elias Peter , Elsey Helen , Yeboah Godwin , Kuffer Monika
Published: March 2021

The majority of urban inhabitants in low- and middle-income country (LMIC) cities live in deprived urban areas. However, statistics and data (e.g., local monitoring of Sustainable Development Goals - SDGs) are hindered by the unavailability of spatial data at metropolitan, city and sub-city scales. Deprivation is a complex and multidimensional concept, which has been captured in existing literature with a strong focus on household-level deprivation while giving limited attention to area-level deprivation. Within this scoping review, we build on existing literature on household- as well as area-level deprivation frameworks to arrive at a combined understanding of how urban deprivation is defined with a focus on LMIC cities. The scoping review was enriched with local stakeholder workshops in LMIC cities to arrive at our framework of Domains of Deprivations, splitting deprivation into three different scales and nine domains. (1) Socio-Economic Status and (2) Housing Domains (Household scale); (3) Social Hazards & Assets, (4) Physical Hazards & Assets, (5) Unplanned Urbanization and (6) Contamination (Within Area scale); and (7) Infrastructure, (8) Facilities & Services and (9) city Governance (Area Connect scale). The Domains of Deprivation framework provides a clear guidance for collecting data on various aspects of deprivation, while providing the flexibility to decide at city level which indicators are most relevant to explain individual domains. The framework provides a conceptual and operational base for the Integrated Deprived Area Mapping System (IDEAMAPS) Project for the creation of a data ecosystem, which facilitates the production of routine, accurate maps of deprived “slum” areas at scale across cities in LMICs. The Domains of Deprivation Framework is designed to support diverse health, poverty, and development initiatives globally to characterize and address deprivation in LMIC cities.
Agroindustrial Wastes as a Support for the Immobilization of Lipase From Thermomyces lanuginosus: Synthesis of Hexyl Laurate
Authors: K. S. Lira Regiane , T. Zardini Rochele , C. C. de Carvalho Marcela , Wojcieszak Robert , G. F. Leite Selma , Itabaiana Jr Ivaldo
Published: March 2021

As a consequence of intense industrialization in the last few decades, the amount of agro-industrial wastes has increasing, where new forms of valorization are crucial. In this work, 5 residual biomasses from Maranhão (Brazil) were investigted as supports for immobilization of lipase from Thermomyces lanuginosus (TLL). The new biocatalysts BM-TLL (babaçu mesocarp) and RH-TLL (rice husk) showed immobilization efficiencies >98% and hydrolytic activities of 5,331 U.g-1 and 4.608 U. g-1 respectively against 142 U. g-1 by Lipozyme® TL IM. High esterification activities were also found, with 141.4 U.g-1 and 396.4 U.g-1 from BM-TLL and RH-TLL against 113.5 U.g-1 by TL IM. Results of porosimetry, SEM and BET demonstrated BM and RH supports are mesoporous materials with large hydrophobic area, allowing a mixture of hydrophobic adsorption and confinement, resulting in hyperactivation of TLL. These biocatalysts were applied in the production of hexyl laurate, where RH-TLL was able to generate 94% conversion in 4 h. Desorption with Triton X-100 and NaCl confirmed that new biocatalysts were more efficient with 5 times less protein than commercial TL IM. All results demonstrated that residual biomass was able to produce robust and stable biocatalysts containing immobilized TLL with better results than commercial preparations.
Seismic Behavior of Stone Pagoda Structure by Shaking Table Test
Authors: Kim Ho-Soo , Kim Dong-Kwan , Jeon Geon-Woo , Jo Sang-Sun , Kim Se-Hyun
Published: March 2021

In general, the stone pagoda structures with discontinuous surfaces are vulnerable to lateral forces and are severely damaged by earthquakes. After the Gyeongju earthquake in 2016 and the Pohang earthquake in 2017, the earthquakes damaged numerous stone pagoda structures due to slippage, rotation and the separation of stacked stone. To evaluate seismic resistance of masonry stone pagoda structure, we analyzed the seismic behavior of stone pagoda structure using shaking table test. Shaking frequency, permanent displacement, maximum acceleration, rocking, and sliding were assessed. Responses to simulations of the Bingol, Gyeongju, and Pohang earthquakes based on Korean seismic design standard (KDS 41 17 00) were analyzed for return periods of 1,000 and 2,400 years. We found that the type of stylobate affected the seismic resistance of stone pagoda structure. When the stylobates were stiff, seismic energy was transferred from lower to upper regions of the stone pagoda, which mainly resulted in deformation of the upper region. When the stylobates were weak, earthquake energy was absorbed in the lower regions; this was associated with large stylobate deformations. The lower part of tower body was mainly affected by rocking, because the structural members were slender. The higher part of the stone pagoda was mainly affected by sliding, because the load and contact area decreased with height.
Spectrophotmetric Micro determination of promrthazine hydrochloride in pharmaceutical
Authors: Abdulrahman Loay K. , Al-Abachi Anas M. , Al-Qaissy Mayada H
Published: March 2021

a simple accurate and sensitive spectrophotometric method for the determination of promethazine HCI has been developed the method is based on the oxidative coupling reaction of promethazine
Structural and transition tempreature of HgPb
Authors: Hermiz G.Y. , Abbas M.M.
Published: March 2021

solid state reaction technique (SSR) was used to prepare high-Tc phase in superconductors the effect of additional Pb to was investigated it has been found
Improved Geosteering Information and Data Transfer using an Automated Computational Framework
Authors: D'Angelo John James , Ashok Pradeepkumar , van Oort Eric
Published: March 2021

Geosteering presently requires physical or virtual interaction between the geologist and the directional driller to arrive at steering decisions. This interaction often results in the loss of valuable information because all context and data may not be shared between them. A framework that is able to automatically integrate the data and information which the geologist and directional driller independently possess can result in improved decision making, and is the topic of this paper.

The geosteering framework described herein combines estimation and optimization methods to solve geosteering problems with minimal human intervention. Bayesian estimation procedures are used to approximate the distance from geological features, and a wellbore propagation model is used to estimate system responses of the drilling assembly. The geological estimates and directional drilling model are then jointly used to formulate geosteering decision-making as a stochastic optimization problem. Finally, this optimization problem can be solved to aid decision making. This is done without the need for humans to interact, which significantly reduces potential information loss. This procedure is illustrated for two synthetic case studies.
Machine-Learning-Assisted Segmentation of Focused Ion Beam-Scanning Electron Microscopy Images with Artifacts for Improved Void-Space Characterization of Tight Reservoir Rocks
Authors: Kazak Andrey , Simonov Kirill , Kulikov Victor
Published: March 2021

The modern focused ion beam-scanning electron microscopy (FIB-SEM) allows imaging of nanoporous tight reservoir-rock samples in 3D at a resolution up to 3 nm/voxel. Correct porosity determination from FIB-SEM images requires fast and robust segmentation. However, the quality and efficient segmentation of FIB-SEM images is still a complicated and challenging task. Typically, a trained operator spends days or weeks in subjective and semimanual labeling of a single FIB-SEM data set. The presence of FIB-SEM artifacts, such as porebacks, requires developing a new methodology for efficient image segmentation. We have developed a method for simplification of multimodal segmentation of FIB-SEM data sets using machine-learning (ML)-based techniques.

We study a collection of rock samples formed according to the petrophysical interpretation of well logs from a complex tight gas reservoir rock of the Berezov Formation (West Siberia, Russia). The core samples were passed through a multiscale imaging workflow for pore-space-structure upscaling from nanometer to log scale. FIB-SEM imaging resolved the finest scale using a dual-beam analytical system. Image segmentation used an architecture derived from a convolutional neural network (CNN) in the DeepUNet (Ronneberger et al. 2015) configuration. We implemented the solution in the Pytorch® (Facebook, Inc., Menlo Park, California, USA) framework in a Linux environment. Computation exploited a high-performance computing system.

The acquired data included three 3D FIB-SEM data sets with a physical size of approximately 20 × 15 × 25 µm with a voxel size of 5 nm. A professional geologist manually segmented (labeled) a fraction of slices. We split the labeled slices into training, validation, and test data. We then augmented the training data to increase its size. The developed CNN delivered promising results. The model performed automatic segmentation with the following average quality indicators according to test data: accuracy of 86.66%, precision of 54.93%, recall of 83.76%, and F1 score of 55.10%. We achieved a significant boost in segmentation speed of 14.5 megapixel (MP)/min. Compared with 0.18 to 1.45 MP/min for manual labeling, this yielded an efficiency increase of at least 10 times.

The presented research work improves the quality of quantitative petrophysical characterization of complex reservoir rocks using digital rock imaging. The development allows the multiphase segmentation of 3D FIB-SEM data complicated with artifacts. It delivers correct and precise pore-space segmentation, resulting in little turn-around-time saving and increased porosity-data quality. Although image segmentation using CNNs is mainstream in the modern ML world, it is an emerging novel approach for reservoir-characterization tasks.
Effects of soil and water conservation measures on plant species diversity: Wenago, Southern Regional State, Ethiopia.
Authors: Berhe Mengistu Meresa Meresa , Eirgete Menfese Tadesse , Gebru Negussie Zeray
Published: March 2021

Ethiopia including the study area are faced with deforestation, land degradation, soil erosion problems primarily caused by anthropogenic activities such as clearing vegetation for the purpose of agricultural use, fuel wood, Charcoal, construction and the reaction of conservation measures to restore deforested vegetation is too weak. The aim of the study was to investigate the effect of soil and water conservation (SWC) measures on plant species diversity by comparing between treated plot areas and non-treated plot areas. The data collection method was mainly drawn through plant measurements, inventory, GPS, household servey, key informant interview, focus group discussion, Office reports. To analyze the collected data, Shannon – wiener diversity index (H1) and Sorensen similarity coefficient indices (Is) calculation methods was employed. Based on the interview, direct observation, shannon’s diversity analysis and GPS results, the findings revealed that noticeable vegetation cover and plant species diversity have been observed in treated plot areas than non-treated plot areas in the last 10 years period.. This implies that well managed and protected homegardens and area exclosures have better plant species diversity than open grazing fields and communal lands. With these findings, it is rational to conclude that SWC measures have a positive effect on vegetation cover, Plant species diversity, richness and restoration. Thus, it is worth to recommend that conservation priority should be given to the more affected open grazing and communal lands.
Rounded Square Ring Resonator Based Add Drop Filter for Wdm Applications Using Two Dimensional Photonic Crystals
Authors: Radhouene Massoudi , Balaji V R , Najjar Monia , Robinson S , Janyani Vijay , Murugan M
Published: March 2021

In this paper, two dimensional photonic crystal based Add Drop filter is designed for DWDM applications. The existing work concentrate in Coarse Wavelength Division Multiplexing (CWDM) and few filter design with DWDM with non-uniform channel spacing, and low quality factor. . The proposed Add Drop Filter (ADF) enhances the quality factor using Rounded Square Ring Resonator (RSRR) for ensuring efficient bandwidth in supporting WDM systems. The design consists of bus waveguide, drop waveguide and RSRR with inner quasi-square ring in the square lattice while dielectric constant of the Si rod is 11.68 which are hosted in the air. The line defect was created by removing 4 rods (Quasi ring) in the center of the inner square ring. The line defects in the cavity help to reduce the radiation field components surrounded by the resonator. The proposed design drops the unique wavelength 1636.2 nm from a spectrum. The performance parameters of ADF are investigated using 2D Finite Difference Time Domain (FDTD) algorithm. The proposed ADF drops the narrow bandwidth of 0.7 nm, high quality factor of 2337, dropping efficiency (ON State) of 100 %, which is highly sufficient to support WDM systems for future Photonic Integrated Circuits (PIC). Further, the impact of functional parameters such as transmission efficiency, quality factor, bandwidth are investigated by varying the structural parameters, namely, adjacent rod radius, scatterer rod radius, coupling rod radius, lattice constant, inner rod radius and rod radius. The size of the device is 412.76 µm2.
Rationale and design of the randomised controlled cross-over trial: Cardiovascular Effects of Empaglifozin in Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Thirunavukarasu Sharmaine A , Brown Louise AE , Chowdhary Amrit , Jex Nicholas , Swoboda Peter , Greenwood John P. , Plein Sven , Levelt Eylem
Published: March 2021

Background Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular (CV) disease. In patients with T2D and established CV disease, selective inhibitors of sodium–glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) have been shown to decrease CV and all-cause mortality, and heart failure (HF) admissions. Utilising CV magnetic resonance imaging (CMR) and continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) by FreeStyle Libre Pro Sensor, we aim to explore the mechanisms of action which give Empagliflozin, an SGLT2 inhibitor, its beneficial CV effects and compare these to the effects of dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor Sitagliptin. Methods This is a single centre, open-label, cross-over trial conducted at the Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust. Participants are randomised for the order of treatment and receive three months therapy with Empagliflozin, and three months therapy with Sitagliptin sequentially. Twenty eight eligible T2D patients with established ischemic heart disease will be recruited. Patients undergo serial CMR scans on 3 visits, at week 0, week 12 and week 24 of the study.Discussion The primary outcome measure is the myocardial perfusion reserve in remote myocardium. The secondary outcome measures are myocardial fibrosis, ECV, aortic distensibility, LV/RV volume and function, and the relationship between glycemic markers and CV parameters.We hypothesize that Empaglifozin treatment is associated with improvements in myocardial blood flow and reductions in myocardial interstitial fibrosis, independent of CGM measured glycemic control in patients with T2D and established CV disease. Trial registration This study has full research ethics committee approval (REC: 18/YH/0190) and data collection is anticipated to finish in December 2021. This study was retrospectively registered at https://doi.org/10.1186/ISRCTN82391603 and monitored by the University of Leeds. The study results will be submitted for publication within 6 months of completion.
Carbon Isotopic Evidences for Gas Hydrate Release and Its Significance on Seasonal Wetland Methane Emissions in the Qilian Mountains Permafrost
Authors: li xiaoqian , Xing Jianwei , Pang Shouji , Zhu Youhai , Zhang Shuai , Xiao Rui
Published: March 2021

Wetland methane emissions in the permafrost regions of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau is more sensitive to climate warming and can result in a positive climate feedback. Natural gas hydrate, as a potential methane source, may play a pivotal role in wetland methane emission in the permafrost regions. However, it was lacking of evidence. To determine the role of gas hydrate release in wetland methane emission, the two-year field monitoring of methane emitted from a hydrate drilling well, in near-surface soil free gas and low-level air was conducted at a typical gas hydrate reservior in the Qilian Mountains permafrost. The carbon isotope fractionation between CO2 and CH4 (εC) associated with carbon isotopic composition of methane (δ13CCH4) is used as a good tracer to identify methane sources of thermogenic origin or of microbial origin. The monitoring results of the gas hydrate drilling well DK-8 indicated a notable release of the deep gas hydrates occurred in April- May and resulted in the increase of methane content in low-level air. The significance of gas hydrate release in the permafrost region on local wetland methane emission as well as low-level air methane was confirmed by the seasonal variation of methane source of near-surface soil fluxes and low-level air. The thermogenically derived methane were identified as the dominant methane source in autumn and winter compared with increasing contribution of microbially derived methane in summer. The carbon isotopic signatures of tracing methane sources can provide more reliable evidence for gas hydrate release and its effect on the wetland methane emission in the Qilian Mountains permafrost.
Rspo3 regulates abnormal differentiation of small intestinal epithelial cells in diabetic state
Authors: Shan Ti-Dong , Han Yue , Sun Xue-Guo , Jiang Yue-Ping , Chen Li
Published: March 2021

Objective: The problems caused by diabetes mellitus (DM) related complications are the focus in clinical treatment. However, little is known about diabetic enteropathy (DE) and its the potential underlying mechanism. Methods: Intestinal cells (IEC) and Intestinal stem cells (IESC) obtained from BKS.Cg-Dock7m+/+Leprdb/JNju (DM) mice were used to detect Rspo3 by RT-qPCR, western blotting, Immunohistochemistry, and immunofluorescence. The role of Rspo3 in the abnormal differentiation of IECs of DM was clarified by knockout experiments. Through miRNA expression profiles, bioinformatic analysis, and RT-qPCR, we further analyzed differentiation related miRNA from IECs in DM mice. Results: The abnormal differentiation of small intestinal epithelial cells (IECs) was found in DM state. The expression of R-spondin 3 (Rspo3) was upregulated in IECs of DM state. And this phenomenon was associated with R-spondin 3 (Rspo3) overexpression. Additionally, Rspo3 is a major determinant of Lgr5+ stem cell identity upon DM state. Microarray analysis, Bioinformatics analysis and luciferase reporter assays revealed that microRNA (miR)-380-5p was directly targeted Rspo3. Moreover, miR-380-5p upregulation was observed to attenuate the abnormal differentiation of IECs through Rspo3 expression. Conclusion: Together, our results provide definitive evidence for the essential role of Rspo3 in differentiation of small intestinal epithelial cells (IECs) in DM state.
miR-3934 suppresses basophil apoptosis and secretion of inflammatory cytokines by targeting RAGE in asthma
Authors: Han Kaiyu , Dou Liyan , Wang Junwei , Wang Wenyu , Chen Hong , Zhang Xiaofei , Zhao Shai , Yu Baiquan , Yu Yao , Hu Xiaoman , Zheng Weili , Wu Yuhan , Lv Fuzhen , Wang Guangyou
Published: March 2021

Background

Several miRNAs are now known to have clear connections to the pathogenesis of asthma. The present study focused on the potential role of miR-3934 during asthma development.
Methods

The basophils was isolated from 50 asthmatic patients and 50 health controls. The expression level of miR-3934 was examined by RT-qPCR and the expression of receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE) was detected by western blot. In addition, the analysis of apoptotic basophils was performed by flow cytometry; the expression level of inflammatory cytokines was detected by ELISA kits; and several important proteins in TGF-β/Smad signaling were examined by western blot.
Results

miR-3934 was down-regulated in the basophils of asthmatic patients. The expression of the pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-6, IL-8 and IL-33 was enhanced in basophils from asthmatic patients, and this effect was partially reversed by transfection of miR-3934 mimics. Furthermore, receiver operating characteristics analysis showed that miR-3934 levels can be used to distinguish asthma patients from healthy individuals. miR-3934 partially inhibited advanced glycation end products-induced increases in basophil apoptosis by suppressing expression of RAGE.
Conclusion

Our results indicate that miR-3934 acts to mitigate the pathogenesis of asthma by targeting RAGE and suppressing TGF-β/Smad signaling.
Psychosocial aspects of deliberate physical suicide attempts by children and adolescents
Authors: Kinciniene Odeta , Sambaras Rokas , Lesinskaite Auge , Zilinskaite Virginija , Lesinskiene Sigita
Published: March 2021

Background and objectives: Suicide is a topical issue in Lithuania and all around the world. It is the second most common cause of death among young people. There is a lack of research studies on the psychosocial aspects of adolescent suicide in Lithuania. This study aimed to evaluate demographics, life circumstances, and health conditions as factors related to suicide attempt in adolescents. Materials and Methods: A retrospective study was performed at the Children’s Hospital (Vilnius University Santara Clinics). Medical documentation of adolescents treated in this hospital after suicide attempts from January 2011 to April 2018 were analyzed. Results: There were 117 cases of hospitalization due to suicide attempts during this period, and 102 cases were included in the study. There were 83.8% female and 16.2% male patients with an average age of 15.02 ± 1.9 years (p = 0.405); 40.6% of patients lived in divorced families, 17.7% lived in orphanages, 4.2% lived in foster care, 36.4% suffered from parental alcoholism, and 17.2% experienced suicide in their close surroundings. They had comorbidities (girls 72.5%, boys 68.8%), mostly depression (31.3%), were suffering from bullying (54.1%) or violence (26.0%), and 85.4% showed signs of other types of self-harm (girls more often (p < 0.001)). Most of them chose to cut for suicide attempts (86.0% girls, 56.2% boys). In 52.8% of cases, the attempt was spontaneous and 34% relapsed. Thirty-four events occurred in March (18.9%) (p = 0.688). Conclusions: Our study revealed the possible circumstances related to adolescent suicide attempt. Female gender was more common overall and males were more likely to carry out more potentially lethal methods. Other common associated factors were a lack of prosperity in family life, experience of bullying, violence, comorbidities, and the early spring period. Signs of any self-harm could be an indicator of later suicide attempt.