bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
In Silico Studies of Bioactive Compounds from Hibiscus rosa-sinensis Against HER2 and ESR1 for Breast Cancer Treatment
Authors: Agrawal Krishn Kumar , Murti Yogesh , Jyoti  , Agrawal Nitin , Gupta Tripanshu
Published: December 2021

The most common type of cancer and the second biggest cause of death is breast cancer. The disease is the leading cause of death in women aged 45 to 55. It's a multi-stage disease in which viruses have a role in one stage. Breast cancer is an illness that affects the sufferer, their family, and the entire community all over the world. Breast cancer has no established cause, however specific risk factors have been found. Age, race, gender, and family history are all fixed and immutable characteristics. Other elements, such as social and familial support, can help to mitigate the harmful effects.The aim of the present study was to investigate the bioactive ligand for the breast cancer treatment against the HER2 and ESR1 proteins by molecular docking studies. HER2 is an oncogene and membrane tyrosine kinase that is overexpressed and gene amplified in about 20% of breast tumours. When active, it sends proliferative and anti-apoptotic signals to the cell. It is the most important factor in the genesis and progression of breast cancer tumours. To carry out this work protein structures were download from the PDB database and ligands three dimensional structures were downloaded from the PubChem database. The docking was performed by using the iGEMDOCK software suit. The binding energies of bioactive molecules from Hibiscus rosa-sinensis were found to be Rutin (-139.779, -102.743), Quercetin (-106.5, -99.7807), Kaempferol (-105.824, -92.5271), Myricetin         (-111.913, -99.603) and Methotrexate (-140.69, -130.165) against HER2 and ESR1 proteins respectively. Lowest energy of Rutin compared to Methotrexate showed highest binding among the other bioactive molecules.The binding energies of the molecules are the sum of hydrogen bond, vanderwaal’s and electrostatic energies that inversely linked to protein-ligand interaction. From the result of the current study we can conclude that among the four bioactive molecule rutin has lowest binding energy so it could be used as an inhibitor of HER2 and ESR1 protein for the treatment of breast carcinoma in future.
Senkyunolide I Relieves Neuropathic Pain Induced by Chronic Constriction Injury by Inhibiting Activation of Microglia
Authors: Huang Xiaomin , Huo Miao
Published: December 2021

As an alternative to the use of narcotics, generally refractory to long-term effectiveness, for the management of neuropathic pain, we have explored the utility of senkyunolide I. Senkyunolide I is one of the bioactive components isolated from Ligusticum chuanxiong Hort known to exhibit multiple biological activities. In this study, we report senkyunolide I inhibition of chronic constriction injury induced neuropathic pain. Mechanistically, senkyunolide I inhibited chronic constriction injury induced apoptosis and the activity of microglia via extracellular signal regulated kinase pathway. We therefore suggest that senkyunolide I could serve as a promising drug for the treatment of neuropathic pain.
Tetranychus marianae McGregor, 1950 (Acari: Tetranychidae) in Piper (Piperaceae) species in the state of Pará, Brazil
Authors: Noronha Aloyséia C. S. , Menezes Ilmarina C. , Ferla Júlia J. , Vieira Regiane C. , Duarte Leonardo S. , Mineiro Jeferson L. C.
Published: December 2021

This study reports the occurrence of the phytophagous mite Tetranychus marianae McGregor, 1950 (Tetranychidae), in species of the genus Piper (P. hispidum Sw., P. marginatum Jacq., P. montealegreanum Yunk., P. peltatum L., P. reticulatum L., and P. tuberculatum Jacq.) (Piperaceae) and the predator mite Amblyseius tamatavensis Blommers, 1974 (Phytoseiidae), in species and cultivars of Piper nigrum L., from the Piperaceae collection of Embrapa Amazônia Oriental in Belém, Pará.
Ticks (Acari: Ixodidae) in wild animals treated at the Federal University of Lavras, Minas Gerais State, Brazil
Authors: Beltrame Luisa B. , Bernardi Leopoldo F. de O. , Martins Thiago F. , Labruna Marcelo B. , Favoretto Samantha M. , Guimarães Antônio
Published: December 2021

Ticks have a great diversity of hosts, many of which are still being discovered. These parasites may be responsible for the transmission of several pathogens to animals and humans. For this reason, knowledge on tick species and their hosts is essential for planning actions in public health and fauna conservation. From February 2018 to July 2019, ticks found in animals treated at the Wild Animal Clinic of the Federal University of Lavras (UFLA) were surveyed. Animals came from nine municipalities at the southern region of Minas Gerais State, all close to the municipality of Lavras. During veterinary procedures the animals were inspected, and tick specimens were removed from the hosts’ skins with the help of tweezers, and posteriorly identified. One hundred and three specimens of ticks were removed from the hosts and allocated in five species of Amblyomma Koch, 1844 (Ixodidae) [A. nodosum (Neumann, 1899), A. sculptum Berlese, 1888, A. aureolatum (Pallas, 1772), A. calcaratum Neumann, 1899, and A. ovale (Koch, 1844)] and one of Rhipicephalus Latreille, 1806 [R. (Boophilus) microplus (Canestrini, 1888)]. Ticks were collected from: Cariama cristata (Linnaeus, 1766) (Cariamidae); Cerdocyon thous Linnaeus, 1766 and Chrysocyon brachyurus Illiger,1815 (Canidae); Leopardus pardalis Linnaeus, 1758 (Felidae); Mazama gouazoubira Fischer, 1814 (Cervidae); Myrmecophaga tridactyla Linnaeus, 1758 (Myrmecophagidae); Sphiggurus villosus (F. Cuvier, 1823) (Erethizontidae). In this study no new parasite-host relationships were found, however, wild animals can be vectors of important diseases, and monitoring the occurrence of ectoparasites in wildlife is a significant step in public health policies.
Proses Pemecahan Masalah Matematika Siswa SMP dalam Menyelesaikan Masalah Operasi Aljabar
Authors: M. Ilham  , Syarifuddin  , Dewi Silviana
Published: December 2021

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan proses pemecahan masalah matematika siswa SMP dalam menyelesaikan masalah operasi aljabar. Subjek penelitian adalah siswa kelas VIII SMPN 1 Hu’u yang dianalisis jawabannya, yang terdiri dari 4 orang dengan 2 subjek kategori jawaban benar dan 2 subjek kategori jawaban salah. Jenis penelitian ini adalah penelitian kualitatif deskriptif. Teknik pengumpulan data menggunakan tes dan wawancara berbasis tugas. Teknik analisis data yang digunakan yaitu reduksi data, penyajian data dan penarikan kesimpulan. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukan bahwa: 1) Subjek dengan kategori jawaban benar dapat melaksanakan 4 tahap pemecahan masalah dengan sangat baik yaitu memahami masalah, membuat rencana, melaksanakan rencana, memeriksa kembali. 2) Subjek dengan kategori jawaban salah sudah mampu memahami masalah dan membuat rencana, namun subjek kurang mampumelaksanakan pada tahap melaksanakan rencana dan memeriksa kembali.
Efficacy Evaluation of Comprehensive Preformed Physical Factors Application against Retinal Complications in the Early Postoperative Period after Cataract Surgery on Eyes with High Myopia
Authors: Akulov Sergey N. , Shurygina Irina P.
Published: December 2021

Currently, modern high-tech methods of cataract surgery do not always guarantee high visual acuity after surgery, and are not always insured against the development of early postoperative complications in the eyes with concomitant ocular pathology.
Aim. Development and analysis of the preformed physical factors comprehensive application efficacy against retinal complications in the early postoperative period after cataract surgery in patients with high myopia.
Material and methods. The study involved 75 patients (75 eyes) with high myopia, aged 58 to 79 years with developing macular edema on the second day after cataract surgery. Patients from the first group (25 people) received standard medical treatment, the second group (25 people) additionally received low-frequency magnetotherapy course, and the third group received extended standard treatment with combined application of low-frequency magnetotherapy and endonasal electrophoresis with pentoxifylline. Assessment of treatment efficacy was performed according to visual acuity data and morphometric parameters of the central retinal zone using optical coherence tomography. The results of Statistica 12.0 (StatSoft, USA) program was used for statistical analysis.
Results and discussion. Immediate results of treatment and long-term results up to one month in all groups were objectively confirmed by the morphometric parameters of the central retinal zone. Macular edema reduction in height and area of distribution was significantly different in the third group compared with the first and second groups immediately after treatment and with the continuation of positive dynamics after a month. In the third group, high clinical results were objectively confirmed by the restoration of normal parameters of the central retinal zone after one month of observation. In the first and second groups, lower treatment results were confirmed by the preservation of morphometric signs of edema in the macular region, that required the continuation in the patients’ rehabilitation.
Conclusion. Combination of complex application of preformed physical factors with standard medical therapy of exudative processes in the macula after cataract surgery reliably increases functional (visual) result of treatment and reduces rehabilitation period in the majority of patients with high-grade myopia. Thus, the expediency of physiotherapeutic support in relief of retinal edema in the early postoperative period of cataract surgery on eyes with high degree myopia has been substantiated.
From Business to Central Planning: Cooperatives in Czechoslovakia in 1918-1938 and 1948-1960
Authors: Slavíček Jan
Published: December 2021

The paper focuses on cooperatives — seen as business enterprises — in the First Czechoslovak Republic (1918-1938) and the period of 12 years after the communist putsch (1948-1960). It compares the functions of cooperatives, the limits placed on their (semi-)independent business activities, and their chances to decide for themselves in the market economy and the centrally planned economy. Drawing on the methods of business history and economic history, the study seeks to answer the following questions: 1. Were the cooperatives in the First Czechoslovak Republic really fully independent companies running their business on a free market? 2. Were the cooperatives in the Stalinist and early post-Stalinist Czechoslovakia really subordinated subjects in a centrally planned economy? 3. Are there any real connections in the functioning of cooperatives in these two eras? In other words, is it possible that something of the independent cooperatives survived and that the traditional interpretations (according to which the two eras were completely different and even contradictory) can be seen in new and more accurate ways?
Ukrainian Fashion Houses as Centers of Soviet Fashion Representation
Authors: Korniienko Olha
Published: December 2021

The study examines Soviet fashion houses as fashion corporations with an extensive structure and a certain autonomy which served as centers for the development and representation of Soviet fashion. These state institutions were created in the capitals and large cities of the Soviet republics. The Moscow All-Union Fashion House acted as a methodological center for fashion houses of all Soviet republics. The Ukrainian SSR was one of the important centers of fashion development in the Soviet Union, and it included six general orientation and five specialized fashion houses, as well as the Ukrainian Institute of Assortment of Light Industry Products and Clothing Culture. Based on a wide range of archival sources and interviews with fashion house workers, the article reveals the structure and operation of Ukrainian fashion houses in the period between 1940 and 1991 and also examine their cooperative endeavors with garment enterprises and research institutions. The technology of clothing production by designers, the processes of approval to which these technologies were subjected by art councils, and the organization of exhibitions in the USSR and abroad are also considered.
The Czechoslovak Capital of West Germany: The Story of Peute Reederei
Authors: Štemberk Jan , Jakubec Ivan
Published: December 2021

There are numerous interesting topics pertaining to the economy of socialist Czechoslovakia that have not received sufficient attention in the secondary literature. One of these topics is the question of the capital penetration of socialist enterprises into Western (capitalist) Europe. In this essay, we examine the circumstances of the establishment and subsequent activities of the Peute Reederei company, which had both Czechoslovak and West German capital participation, based on a company archive which, however, has survived only in fragments. The company was established under West German law and had its headquarters in West Germany. Data on Peute Reederei were drawn from available unpublished and published archival materials, period and professional literature, and journalism, but we would above all like to express our gratitude to the private family archive of Mr. Rudolf Hurt (Hurt Archive), which provided the authors with archival materials concerning the Hamburg branch of the Czechoslovak Elbe-Oder Shipping Company.
Effect of Exercise-Induced Lipolysis on Serum Vitamin D Level in Obese Children: A Clinical Controlled Trial
Authors: Elsayyad Lamiaa K. , Shafie Alaa , Almehmadi Mazen , Gharib Amal F. , El Askary Ahmad , Alsayad Tarek , Muhsen Alsufiany , Allam Hatem
Published: December 2021

BACKGROUND: Low Vitamin D levels associated with obesity have reached an epidemic level all over the world. It has been supposed that the low serum level of Vitamin D3 in obese subjects may be due to an increase in the uptake of Vitamin D3 by adipose tissue.

AIM: The current study aimed to investigate the effect of a specially designed exercise program for boosting lipolysis on the Vitamin D level in obese children.

METHODS: Thirty obese male children participated in the study. Their age was ranged from 9 to 11 years. The participants were assigned to two groups, Group I (GI) who received endurance exercise (ENE) only and Group II (GII) who received the specially designed exercise for increasing lipolysis (ENE preceded by resistance exercise). Free fatty acids (FFA), glycerol, and 25(OH)D were assessed before and immediately after exercise.

RESULTS: FFA and glycerol showed a significant increase in both groups following exercise, while 25(OH)D showed a significant increase only in GII. GII showed significantly higher levels of FFA, glycerol, and 25(OH)D following exercise when it was compared to GI.

CONCLUSION: The application of resistance training before ENE could improve the Vitamin D status through increasing the lipolytic activities more than the application of endurance exercise alone.
Effectiveness of Oral Cryotherapy for Oral Mucositis on Cancer Patient Undergoing Cancer Therapy: A Systematic Review
Authors: Erika Kadek Ayu , Mulhaeriah Mulhaeriah , Miskad Upik Anderiani , Zuraida Eli , Achmad Harun
Published: December 2021

BACKGROUND: Oral mucositis is one of the complications in patients undergoing cancer therapy. Oral cryotherapy (OC) is an intervention to reduce the severity of oral mucositis.

AIM: To identify, analyze, and evaluate articles regarding the effectiveness of cryotherapy for oral mucositis in cancer patients undergoing cancer therapy.

METHODS: We performed searching on seven databases (PubMed, CENTRAL, Wiley, CANCERLIT, Science Direct, EBSCO, and SpringerLink). The investigation focused on English-language articles, intervention, or observational study reporting on the effectiveness of OC against oral mucositis in patients undergoing chemotherapy, and published between October 2015 and October 2020.

RESULTS: Eleven articles met the eligibility criteria for inclusion consisting of 5 RCTs, 3 Quasi-Experiment studies, 2 Cohort studies, and one pre-experimental study. The majority of the studies show that OC is an effective intervention to reduce the degree and severity of oral mucositis in patients undergoing cancer therapy (Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation and chemotherapy).

CONCLUSION: OC is practical, low-cost, and relatively safe and can be an alternative therapy in reducing oral mucositis as a side effect of cancer therapy.
Notes on Brazilian Pachira (Malvaceae, Bombacoideae) II: Additional typifications and new synonymies
Authors: Carvalho-Sobrinho Jefferson , Yoshikawa Vânia Nobuko , Dorr Laurence J.
Published: December 2021

The typification and status of the names of 14 species ofPachira(Malvaceae: Bombacoideae) found in Brazil are discussed, including type material from Brazil, the Guianas, Colombia, Venezuela, and cultivated in Algeria. We designate 11 lectotypes, three neotypes, and four epitypes for these names. Six names are newly considered to be synonyms of the species accepted here. The results support a forthcoming taxonomic treatment ofPachirafor the Flora of Brazil.
Request (3) for a binding decision on the valid publication of the names Xerobromion and Mesobromion in Zoller 1954
Authors: Terzi Massimo , Di Pietro Romeo , Theurillat Jean-Paul
Published: December 2021

The two alliances Xerobromion and Mesobromion derive from the change of rank of two suballiances of the BromionKoch 1926 (Xerobromenion and Mesobromenion). Zoller (1954a) recognized that those suballiances could not belong to the same alliance (i.e. Bromion) and treated them as two separate alliances, although some doubts can be raised that he did not clearly adopted them at the rank of alliance. Zoller’s work having been overlooked, other authors proposed subsequently to rise the Xerobromenion and Mesobromenion to the rank of alliances. Accordingly, the alliances Xerobromion and Mesobromion are often cited with author citations other than Zoller 1954. The present paper requests a binding decision on the valid publication of the names Xerobromion and Mesobromion in Zoller (1954a).

Abbreviations: EVC = EuroVegChecklist; ICPN = International Code of Phytosociological Nomenclature.
Multi-stability analysis of fractional-order quaternion-valued neural networks with time delay
Authors: Kathiresan S. ,   Department of Mathematics, Rathinam College of Arts and Science, Coimbatore-641021, Tamilnadu, India, Kashkynbayev Ardak , Janani K. , Rakkiyappan R. ,   Department of Mathematics, Nazarbayev University, Nur-Sultan 010000, Kazakhstan,   Department of Mathematics, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore-641046, Tamilnadu, India
Published: December 2021

This paper addresses the problem of multi-stability analysis for fractional-order quaternion-valued neural networks (QVNNs) with time delay. Based on the geometrical properties of activation functions and intermediate value theorem, some conditions are derived for the existence of at least $ (2\mathcal{K}_p^R+1)^n, (2\mathcal{K}_p^I+1)^n, (2\mathcal{K}_p^J+1)^n, (2\mathcal{K}_p^K+1)^n $ equilibrium points, in which $ [(\mathcal{K}_p^R+1)]^n, [(\mathcal{K}_p^I+1)]^n, [(\mathcal{K}_p^J+1)]^n, [(\mathcal{K}_p^K+1)]^n $ of them are uniformly stable while the other equilibrium points become unstable. Thus the developed results show that the QVNNs can have more generalized properties than the real-valued neural networks (RVNNs) or complex-valued neural networks (CVNNs). Finally, two simulation results are given to illustrate the effectiveness and validity of our obtained theoretical results.
Further characterizations of the weak core inverse of matrices and the weak core matrix
Authors: Fu Zhimei ,   School of Mathematics and Statistics, Hubei Normal University, Huangshi 435002, China, Zuo Kezheng , Chen Yang
Published: December 2021

The present paper is devoted to characterizing the weak core inverse and the weak core matrix using the core-EP decomposition. Some new characterizations of the weak core inverse are presented by using its range space, null space and matrix equations. Additionally, we give several new representations and properties of the weak core inverse. Finally, we consider several equivalent conditions for a matrix to be a weak core matrix.
Normwise condition numbers of the indefinite least squares problem with multiple right-hand sides
Authors: Li Limin ,   College of Mathematics and Statistics, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou 730070, China
Published: December 2021

In this paper, we investigate the normwise condition numbers of the indefinite least squares problem with multiple right-hand sides with respect to the weighted Frobenius norm and $ 2 $-norm. The closed formulas or upper bounds for these condition numbers are presented, which extend the earlier work for the indefinite least squares problem with single right-hand side. Numerical experiments are performed to illustrate the tightness of the upper bounds.
An Overview of Publications of Complementary and Alternative Medicine Research
Authors: Tangkiatkumjai Mayuree
Published: December 2021

This chapter presents an overview of the quantity and quality of clinical research in CAM and publication bias. Descriptive studies and their systematic reviews on CAM, e.g., prevalence and reasons for CAM use, have been widely conducted worldwide. The findings of the efficacy of herbal medicine, traditional Chinese medicine and acupuncture for treating various illnesses, have been highly published. Publications of CAM safety are limited. A number of clinical studies of CAM in treating kidney diseases were lower than other illnesses. Studies of Ayurveda and other CAMs are still lacking. The quality of CAM publications is described based on systematic reviews of assessing CAM publications. Publication bias is explained in terms of selective publications and location bias, language bias and conflict of interest. The mainstream journals are more likely to publish positive findings. Predatory open access and recommendations for assessing predatory journals are addressed in this chapter.
CAM Use From Western and Asian Perspectives
Authors: Walker Dawn-Marie , Tangkiatkumjai Mayuree
Published: December 2021

This chapter will discuss the impact on the provision and integration of complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) into the patient's medical pathway and in turn, the prevalence of usage, not only for treatment but also prevention. Similarities and differences of these issues between Western and Asian perspectives will be presented. The authors will provide an overview of regulatory organisations which influence this provision, as well as advertising within the cultures which will have impact on belief of efficacy, which in turn will increase the placebo effect (thereby increasing efficacy). Due to a lack of evidence for CAM advertising in Asian cultures, further research is needed.
Medicinal Plants
Authors: Bhat Aashaq Hussain , Sharma Himani Goyal
Published: December 2021

Medicines of plant origin have been used for treating humans and animals without any adverse effects. New medicinal plants are searched to develop more effective and cheaper drugs in place of synthetics drugs. Plants represent a large natural source of compounds that might serve for the development of novel drugs. Currently medicinal herbs are researched for diuretic properties, and several medicinal herbs are used as diuretics. Currently various synthetic medicines are available for this purpose; however, natural resource medicines are still an important choice because of their higher efficiency and better safety. Further, some herbs are also important sources of antioxidants, which protect the body from the effects of free radicals produced in the body. Antioxidants are required by our body due to increase in the likely exposure of the body to harmful pollutants, radiation, UV lights, etc. These have the ability to delay the oxidation, and plant-derived products are of great interest due to the adverse effect of antibiotics.
Therapeutic Properties of Syzygium cumini (Jamun) and Tinospora cordifolia (Giloy) Against Various Lethal Diseases
Authors: Gautam Ankita
Published: December 2021

Phytochemicals have recently been studied in vivo for their unmatched interactions in curing lethal diseases that can't be cured by allopathic medical intervention without any adverse effect on the patient health. These methods were being used in ancient India, where Jamun and Giloy have been used to decrease hormonal imbalance and pathological disorders. Signaling pathways of the active components of Tinospora cordifolia thus enable effective disease targeting. With so much to offer to the scientific world of medicine, the plant Tinospora truly acts as an incredible source as it deals with seasonal fever like Dengue, Malaria, Chickengunia, and anticancer and anti-HIV (research undergoing). Whereas the Syzygium cumini (Jamun) fruit and seed hold worth in treating various diet-related malfunctions, especially hyperglycemia. In the current research, Jamun seed and fruit extracts have been proved effective in the regulation of blood glucose and insulin parameters.
Cognitive Enhancement and Neuroprotective Abilities of Plants
Authors: Mustafa Kiran , Kanwal Javaria , Khakwani Samia , Musaddiq Sara
Published: December 2021

Extensive research suggests that a number of plant-derived chemicals and traditional Oriental herbal remedies possess cognition-enhancing properties. Widely used current treatments for dementia include extracts of Ginkgo biloba and several alkaloidal, and therefore toxic, plant-derived cholinergic agents. Several non-toxic, European herbal species have pan-cultural traditions as treatments for cognitive deficits, including those associated with aging. Acute administration has also been found to reliably improve mnemonic performance in healthy young and elderly cohorts, whilst a chronic regime has been shown to attenuate cognitive declines in sufferers from Alzheimer's disease. The present chapter looks at the ethnobotanical and pharmacological importance of various plants cognitive enhancing and other neuroprotective abilities.
Role of Traditional Ethnobotanical Knowledge
Authors: Sen Uday Kumar , Bhakat Ram Kumar
Published: December 2021

In recent decades, species extinction has increased sharply. Most species in the world are discovered in tropical forests – covering more than 10% of the planet. Sustainable management and conservation efforts must include local communities and their traditional knowledge. The traditional use of forest resources, especially non-timber products such as medicinal plants, not only has deep roots in indigenous populations, but is also practiced in a broad segment of culture. Using medicinal herbs is often a costly alternative to modern medicine that is economically inevitable. This traditional use's basic knowledge is carried from one generation to the next. Medical use in particular reflects an extremely vibrant, ever-evolving process in which fresh knowledge is constantly acquired and connected to traditional methods. An instance from West Bengal's West Midnapore district in India is used to illustrate the impacts of an integrated strategy to preserving biodiversity and culture.
Machine Learning Approach
Authors: S. Roopashree , J. Anitha , P. Madhumathy
Published: December 2021

Ayurveda medicines uses herbs for curing many ailments without side effects. The biggest concern related to Ayurveda medicine is extinction of many important medicinal herbs, which may be due to insufficient knowledge, weather conditions, and urbanization. Another reason consists of lack of online facts on Indian herbs because it is dependent on books and experts. This concern has motivated in utilizing the machine learning techniques to identify and reveal few details of Indian medicinal herbs because, until now, it is identified manually, which is cumbersome and may lead to errors. Many researchers have shown decent results in identifying and classifying plants with good accuracy and robustness. But no complete framework and strong evidence is projected on Indian medicinal herbs. Accordingly, the chapter aims to provide an outline on how machine learning techniques can be adopted to enrich the knowledge of Indian herbs, which advantages both common man and the domain experts with wide information on traditional herbs.
Ethnopharmacological Properties of Family Asteraceae
Authors: Babu Neelesh , Navneet
Published: December 2021

From ancient time, plants have been utilized as a great source of medicinal products for several types of diseases and disorders. Traditional knowledge is an important source for the development of new drugs. Several studies revealed that traditional knowledge of medicinal plants is being practised among several tribes throughout the world. Many researchers have been evaluated the authenticity of this information. Family Asteraceae got an important place among this medicinal heritage. This is one of the widely distributed families and large numbers of plants have been utilized in various skin-related problems. This chapter highlights the ethnopharmacological properties of this family.
A Short Review on Gynocardia odorata R. Br
Authors: Kalita Dipjyoti , Devi Nilakshee
Published: December 2021

Gynocardia odorata R. Br (Achariaceae) is an important medicinal plant. It is indigenous to Indian subcontinent and grows extensively in the tropical forests of Western Ghats and Hilly regions of North Eastern India. The plant has long been used in the traditional system of medicine to treat various cutaneous and subcutaneous diseases. The chapter deals with the different scientific studies and reports available in different aspects of this plant in the areas like morpho-taxonomy, ethnobotany, phytochemistry, and pharmacognosy.
Analysis of International Patent Applications for Inventions Like Traditional Herbal Medicines
Authors: Kumar Pankaj , Sharma Ameeta
Published: December 2021

Numerous applications have been filed for patents based on bio-inventions in the Indian patent office. Although there is not any international patent, there is a system of international patent applications whereby the applicant may designate name of countries where they wish to file application for patents nationally. According to international patent classification, the concern class for such a patent applications is A61K36/00. More particularly, the international class (IC) A61K36/00 relates to medicinal preparations of undetermined constitution containing material from algae, lichens, fungi or plants, or derivatives thereof (e.g., traditional herbal medicines). International applications filings under patent cooperation treaty (PCT) for patent purposes can be accessed at the Patentscope (patent search tool of WIPO). All international patent applications for such TK-based inventions have been accessed online at Patentscope using the classification code A61K36 for this study.
Potential Health Benefits of Fenugreek With Multiple Pharmacological Properties
Authors: Srivastava Akanksha , Singh Zoomi , Verma Vandana , Choedon Tashi
Published: December 2021

Fenugreek is one of the familiar spices found in human food and has been used extensively for curing numerous disorders. It provides natural food fibers and other nutrients required in the human body. It is used in functional foods, traditional foods, and nutraceuticals as well as in physiological uses such as antidiabetic agent, antibacterial, hypocholesterolemic, hypoglycemic, antioxidant, enzymatic pathway, and modifier gastric stimulant. It has a valuable influence on digestion and also has the capability to modify food texture. In modern food technology, it is used as a food stabilizer, adhesive, and emulsifying agent due its fiber, protein, and gum content. Recent pharmocological exploration of the seed extract of this plant discovered anticancer properties. Although it has many potential effects, there are some side effects as well; therefore, there is a greater need to study the pharmacological and toxicological effects of fenugreek to examine its clinical efficacy and safety.
Spices
Authors: Nisha  , Deepika
Published: December 2021

The term “spices” has been derived from the word “species,” which was connected to the group of exotic foods in medieval times. Spices and herbs have a long history of culinary use, medicinal properties, and as additives and thus have a distinct place in Ayurveda. Exhibiting the merits of spices by scientific methods still remains a challenge. This review investigates the anti-diabetic properties in preventing and managing diabetics and associated complications with commonly used spices. The bioactive compounds in these spices are additionally discussed. The major aim and object of the present work is to investigate the customary therapeutic usage of basic Indian spices and to corelate their observed pharmacological activities with the presence of explicit bioactive compounds present for the treatment or counteractive action of diabetes. This includes the basic underlying mechanism of their blood glucose lowering property including exploratory experimental evidence from proposed animal and human trials.
Roles of Nutraceuticals and Functional Food in Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease
Authors: Hamid Shahrul Bariyah , Hamid Auni Fatin Abd
Published: December 2021

The chapter provides an overview of cardiovascular disease, a major cause of mortality worldwide. It relates economic and social impacts to the disease, especially in developing countries. One of the approaches to addressing this challenge is increasing awareness within society, through implementation of education programs. It is important for society to understand the types and roles of the risk factors leading to cardiovascular disease. Emphasis is on the role of functional food and nutraceuticals as dietary sources that could prevent development of cardiovascular disease. The chapter highlights roles of nutraceuticals and functional food sources from medical plants, seeds, berries, and tropical fruits in lowering risk factors. Key findings from trials conducted in Asia, China, Europe, and America provide supporting evidence for the importance of functional food to health, and its potential for modifying the level of risk factors related to cardiovascular diseases.
An Analysis on Consumer Preference of Ayurvedic Products in Indian Market
Authors: Misra Richa , Singh Sonali , Mahajan Renuka
Published: December 2021

With the growing awareness of lifestyle diseases and risk related to chemical-based products, there has been an increasing interest in green/natural products. The purpose of this study is to analyze the recent surge in the growth rate of Ayurved Market and to explore factors that are driving or inhibiting the said pattern. The study will use descriptive statistics and exploratory factor analysis to understand the factor influencing the consumer perception of Ayurvedic products. The study will also investigate the relation between the demographic factors and preference for Ayurvedic products. The study identifies the factors which influence the brand preferences and to know how these factors are further influenced by demographics. The result of the study indicates that the factors of trust and satisfaction have positive and significant impact on the brand preferences, whereas price has negative but insignificant influence on brand preferences. This study is an attempt to understand the role of Ayurved in food science as well as medical science.
Biochemic System of Medicine
Authors: Goswami Srijan , Mitra Sagarika , Paul Piyasee , Dey Dipjyoti , Das Sankalan
Published: December 2021

The biochemic system of medicine, also known as the inorganic cell salt therapy, pioneered by Dr. Wilhelm Heinrich Schuessler, following the footsteps of Dr. Samuel Hahnemann, is the oldest form of nutraceutical therapy approved and recognized by the World Health Organization as one of the complementary therapies. The chapter presents the fundamental ideology and concepts that underlies the promising system of biochemic medicine as concisely, simply, and to-the-point as possible. The chapter begins with a brief introduction to biochemic system, nutrition science, and concepts of nutraceuticals, followed by a brief history and literature review. It covers biochemic system of medicine and its relevant concepts before closing the chapter with a conclusion.
Food Grade Microorganisms for Nutraceutical Production for Industrial Applications
Authors: Hemansi  , Vibhuti Raj Kamal , Shukla Rishikesh , Gupta Rishi , Saini Jitendra Kumar
Published: December 2021

Nutraceuticals are the food ingredients which have a proven beneficial effect on human health. These include low calories sugars, proteins and vitamins B complex, etc. Microorganisms, such as Lactococcus lactis, are ideal microbial cell factories for the production of these nutraceuticals. Developments in the genetic engineering of food-grade microorganisms have been very helpful for enhanced production or overexpression of nutraceuticals. This chapter describes the use of food grade microorganisms in industrial production of nutraceuticals. The main emphasis is on industrial production of these beneficial nutraceuticals by food grade microorganism. The diversity of microbial cell types, various approaches for improved nutraceutical production through process optimization as well as strain improvement of the producing microorganisms are discussed.
Nutraceutical and Functional Foods in Treatment of Anemia
Authors: Patravale Vandana B. , Kadwadkar Namrata A. , Patki Shalaka R. , Disouza John Intru
Published: December 2021

WHO database mentions that the global anemia-affected population is 24.8%. To name a few conditions in which compromisation of the red blood corpuscles and hemoglobin occurs are iron deficiency anemia, gestational anemia, anemia due to malaria and parasitism, hemolytic anemia, sickle cell anemia. The line of treatment in case of anemia involves administration of iron supplements, plasmapheresis, steroids, blood transfusion at regular intervals, and lifestyle changes. The systematic approach applied for the pharmaceutical molecules should be equally inculcated in the case of nutraceuticals. The traditional system when woven carefully with the novel drug delivery system will give effective nutrient delivery. Functional foods have inherent nutritional value. Nutraceuticals and functional food cannot cure the anemic condition, but help the patient lead life almost like a normal individual.
Recent Trends in Functional Foods for Obesity Management
Authors: Poonia Amrita
Published: December 2021

Obesity is a medical condition caused by the accumulation of excess fat in the body. The main causes of obesity are lifestyle, less physical activity, and increased health problems. Overweight and obesity have increased over the past 20 years in many regions of the world, particularly the prevalence of obesity in childhood. It is not only a problem of developed countries but also becoming a growing burden for the developing countries. Functional foods might play important role in prevention or treatment of overweight. Functional foods for obesity influences the energy balance equation regulated by the control of energy intake or of energy dissipated as heat (thermogenesis).
Nutraceutical and Functional Foods in Cancer Management and Therapy
Authors: Bajaj Sakshi , Manchanda Satish
Published: December 2021

Cancer is an insidious disease affecting mankind in every country. The progression of cancer cells from one part of the body to another (metastasis) is one of the biggest problems in curing cancer. The present study brings new hope of future therapies to fight cancer. Designing an appropriate food to maintain proper health has become a necessity worldwide. Due to this, the food industries in many countries are modifying their products as a response to consumer demands. In recent years, many of the natural products are gaining popularity as nutraceuticals.
Nutraceuticals for Human Health and Hypersensitivity Reaction
Authors: Basu Anamika , Sarkar Anasua , Basak Piyali
Published: December 2021

An allergy is an overreaction of the immune system to a substance called an antigen, e.g., pollen from grasses, dust mites, etc. The drugs used for allergy in allopathy have undesirable side effects. The use of medicinal plants becomes popular due to the adverse effects of allopathic drugs. Nutraceuticals are food playing a significant role in maintaining normal physiological function. Mast cells are immunologically important cells found in almost all parts of our body, and contain histamines, leukotrienes within their granular sacs, along with those of basophils, are responsible for the symptoms of allergy. According to sources mast cell stabilizers can be classified into three categories, e.g., synthetic, semi synthetic and natural. Mast cell stabilising agents from natural resources can be obtained from different group of compounds, e.g., flavonoids, coumarins, phenols, terpenoids, alkaloids. In this book chapter, the active constituents present in them and their mode of action are highlighted using techniques of computational biology, e.g., molecular docking, etc.
Assessing the Potential for Tourism Development
Authors: Silva Goretti , Rachão Susana , Correia Alexandra I. , Soares Luís André
Published: December 2021

Increasing awareness of the relevance of natural resources for the practice of outdoor leisure and recreation purposes has contributed to the increasing attention upon the assessment and monitoring of the quality of sports spots. As such, evaluating the existing natural conditions and leisure-related infrastructures is crucial, helping public and private stakeholders in decision-making processes. This chapter aims at examining the conditions for surf tourism in the north of Portugal, enabling the monitoring and positioning as an international flagship destination for surf practitioners. This is done through a mixed-methods approach comprising the demand and supply perspectives and supported by an assessment tool developed to evaluate the conditions for the practice of surfing activities within a framework of sustainable tourism development. The relevance of assessing the potential and monitoring of the existing conditions for sport and outdoor activities, namely surf tourism, according to a defined set of attributes, is also discussed.
Families of Deaf Children With Co-Occurring Disabilities
Authors: Gray Mary Ann , Courson Frances F.
Published: December 2021

The authors of this chapter focus on immigrant families who have deaf children with co-occurring disabilities. The journey is filled with understanding deafness, co-occurring disabilities, resources, cultural impact, communication and amplification options, and navigating the American education system. The chapter covers a range of information for professionals and families to understand what families with deaf children with co-occurring disabilities face and the continuous decisions that must be made and implemented while having limited access to support due mainly to language barriers and cultural understand. The chapter covers from the time the deaf child with co-occurring disabilities is identified and the multiple layers to understanding the path the family takes, knowing each one is as unique as the child.
Digital Competencies in Online Education
Authors: Matúšová Silvia
Published: December 2021

The chapter will explore some aspects of online education such as digital skills, digital competences, and innovations in education, which the COVID-19 pandemic put into the foreground of the processes of learning and education at universities. The ability to apply digital skills and develop them into digital competencies is a basic prerequisite for learners and educators. The author analyses and evaluates the current state and challenges posed by online education, especially at colleges and universities. The concepts and terminology in the field of education in cyberspace, models of digital competencies of educators, scientific and educational policy documents defining the requirements for university teachers in online education were considered. The investigation was supported by the results of a questionnaire survey. The author points out the possibilities and ultimate requirements of online education at universities in terms of students, teachers, innovations, evaluation, advantages, and barriers in online education.
Strategic Planning for Teaching and Learning in Times of COVID
Authors: Gómez Jefferson E. Arias , Acevedo Silvia L. Espinosa
Published: December 2021

The Corporación Universitaria Minuto de Dios UNIMINUTO has determined a series of objectives as levers for growth and development, which have prepared it to face great changes. In this sense, UNIMINUTO Bogotá - Presential Academic Programs Campus designed the Strategic Plan 20-25 “Bogotá and UNIMINUTO, a learning community,” with which it marked its evolutionary path for the next few years. Within this planning and management framework, and based on the attention of the effects caused by COVID-19, this campus made adjustments to its processes and plans, with a series of effects that determined new learning in relation to accessibility and use of technologies in the teaching-learning process; redefinition of the mechanism for the appropriation and awareness of the strategic plan; development of activities requiring attendance, ensuring compliance with all biosafety measures; safe return of students through an alternation model and mechanisms to provide financial support to students and families to guarantee the continuity of the operation and institutional sustainability.
GIS, Positioning, and Imagery Tools
Authors: Arias-Gomez Helmuth Yesid , Antošová Gabriela
Published: December 2021

The catastrophic eruption in the world scenario of the breaking pandemic forced the application of all existent scientific knowledge, but also triggered the development of new technical tools and procedures. This chapter is focused on setting forth the practical technological efforts based on the spatial georeferencing by coordinate systems and on the treatment of satellite images as means for tracking the positive cases, for recognizing the spatial infection´s behavior, and for identifying the real physical changes in the spatial landscape. The cases set forth here pertain to three techniques, namely the development of visual dashboards, the tracking resources developed, and the deployment of imagery captured by satellite perception.
Transformation of the Globalization Process
Authors: Švihlíková Ilona
Published: December 2021

This chapter focuses on the analysis of the globalization process as a phenomenon of the recent decades. The chapter starts with an analysis of the roots of globalization, which are a combination of economic policies and labour-saving technologies. Then the most powerful actor, the transnational company, is introduced, followed by the analysis of their position in the world division of labour. Special attention is given to the changes brought by financial crises, especially the Great Recession. The changing nature of globalization is demonstrated also via the challenges presented by the COVID-19 pandemic. At the end, the author presents possible future scenarios, applying them on the Czech Republic, as a country strongly connected with the world economy and placed in the position of a dependent economy.
Challenges and Opportunities in the Tourism Sector in the Post-COVID-19 Period
Authors: Hamarneh Iveta
Published: December 2021

The COVID-19 pandemic has not only a significant impact on public health but also severely affected the tourism sector, one of the drivers of the global economy. Although this situation crisis makes tourism highly vulnerable, the sector is also in a unique position to contribute to broader and just effective recovery plans and actions. This chapter considers the major significant impacts, behaviours, and experiences that four major tourism stakeholders are experiencing during the COVID-19 period. Research on (1) tourism demand, (2) tourism supply, (3) destination management organizations, and (4) policy makers will identify the main challenges and opportunities in tourism sector in the post-COVID-19 period.