bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The efficiency of the economic mechanism of interaction of dairy market participants and the functioning of dairy processing enterprises
Authors: Zainchkovskyi Anatolii , Kryvun Mykhailo
Published: May 2022

The purpose of the article is to carry out the complex analysis of efficiency of the economic mechanism of mutual relations between participants of the dairy market and indicators of functioning of the dairy processing enterprises with the substantiation of the directions of further increase. Research methods. In the process of research a number of methods were used: abstract-logical - to formulate conclusions; comparative analysis - to compare indicators of efficiency of milk processing enterprises and identify trends in their change; tabular - for a visual representation of the results of the study; coordinate matrix - in determining the total integrated indicator of the efficiency of the economic mechanism of dairy enterprises; settlement and constructive - to calculate indicators of economic efficiency, liquidity and solvency, financial stability and business activity of enterprises; monographic - when detailing current trends in the functioning of dairy enterprises; factor analysis - to determine the factors influencing the net financial result of enterprises. Research results. The modern transformation processes taking place in the market of milk and dairy products of Ukraine are studied, the scale of reduction of the general demand and supply is established. The current state of the raw material base of milk processing enterprises of Ukraine is studied (dynamics of milk purchase prices, quality monitoring, retrospective of milk purchases by dairies). The efficiency of the economic mechanism of functioning of milk processing enterprises of the group of companies "Dairy Alliance" was monitored. The elemental structuring of the analysis of efficiency of the economic mechanism of functioning of the milk processing enterprises is offered and tested. The total integrated indicator of the efficiency of the economic mechanism of milk processing enterprises is calculated on the basis of structuring the set of priority indicators of economic efficiency, liquidity and solvency, financial stability and business activity. The main directions of increasing the efficiency of milk processing enterprises are proposed. Scientific novelty. Methodological and practical aspects of a comprehensive study of the effectiveness of the economic mechanism of functioning of dairy processing enterprises of Ukraine and substantiation of directions for its improvement have been further developed. Practical significance. These approaches and the results of the study can be used by public and sectoral authorities in the organization of monitoring and development of priority measures to improve the efficiency of domestic dairy industry. Tabl.: 3. Figs.: 1. Refs.: 21.
Classification of financial instruments: accounting and control aspect
Authors: Lukova Olha
Published: May 2022

The purpose of the article is to supplement the classification of financial instruments for accounting goals and its expert verification. Research methods. The following set of methods was used in the research process: dialectical - when learning the substantive features and essence of financial instruments; analysis and synthesis - in the study of the completeness of the classification of their species; induction and deduction - to deepen and supplement the classification features of financial instruments; monographic - in the systematization of knowledge about the types of financial instruments, their identification as objects of accounting and reporting; systematization - when filling the identified gaps in the grouping of financial instruments and building a comprehensive classification for accounting purposes and its expert verification. Research results. A significant number of classification options for the latter have been identified by studying specific financial instruments and the available methods of grouping them. It is established that not all existing classification features should be used in accounting, as the current arsenal of accounts and reporting forms does not allow recording such details. At the same time, some of the most common ways of grouping financial instruments leave some of their types out of the classification groups some of their classes. To eliminate the identified shortcomings, it is proposed to supplement the classification of financial instruments with new features "according to the company's profile" and "according to the regularity of transactions with financial instruments." Scientific novelty. The classification of financial instruments has been improved, which differs from the well-known ones by highlighting new classification features "by the profile of the enterprise" and "by the frequency of transactions with financial instruments", which is based on an in-depth analysis of the features of disclosing information about them in the reporting and allows you to identify potentially risky accounting transactions that require expert verification. Practical significance. It consists of identifying incomplete classification groups of financial instruments, their supplementation, and the formation of new ones, which together aim to build a generalized accounting and reporting vision of financial assets, financial liabilities, and equity instruments to cover the accounting policies fully. Figs.: 1. Refs.: 17.
Giant Cell tumor of the Zygomatic Arch in a Pediatric Patient: Rare Case Report
Authors: Maffini Jhulia Farinha , De Lucca Maria Eduarda Turczyn , Antunes Leonardo Cesar Ferreira , Mazzo Felipe Antonio Torres , Barcelos Carlos Eliseu , Moraes Rodrigo Leite de , Jaouhari Eduardo Talib Bacchi , Kozonoe Milena Massumi , Torres Rosângela Stadnick Lauth de Almeida
Published: May 2022

Introduction: A giant cell tumor (GCT) is a rare tumor, usually benign, which can be locally aggressive, with an almost unknown incidence in the skull. Case report: Case report of a pediatric patient diagnosed with Ewing’s sarcoma (ES) and later GCT when sought medical care for an increased volume in the zygomatic arch and the right preauricular region. Imaging exams showed an expansive lesion in the zygomatic and squamous portion of the right temporal bone, with an extradural intracranial component in the middle fossa, with no evidence of infiltration. From the anatomopathological view, fusocelullar neoplasia was seen. The CD68 marker was positive and the S100 marker was negative. Tumor resection by microsurgery was performed. The patient remains in follow-up, with imaging exams at neurosurgery and orthopedics, the latest magnetic resonances of the skull showing a reduction in the size of the lesion. In addition, the patient did not submit to adjuvant therapy and is currently without complaints. Conclusion: This is an important case due to its rarity and clinical data that contributes for the understanding of the pathologies presented, allowing that, in the future, new studies are able to optimize the treatment, and the prognosis for these patients.
Critical Cognitive Interpretation of The Time Machine from the Perspective of Proximization Theory
Authors: Rao Xiaoqin , Yong Qian
Published: May 2022

As a product of cognitive linguistics and critical discourse analysis, proximization theory is one of the emerging research directions in the field of linguistics. Most of the current research using this theory focuses on political conflict topics, and there are fewer studies using it for analysis of literary works. The present study examines The Time Machine from the perspective of proximization theory (PT) to unveil the legitimation strategies of science fiction qualitatively and quantitatively. The objectives are to enrich the explanation power of this theory and analyze how it can avail the expression and description of the implicit theme of science fiction. We apply CLAWS to annotate the whole novel, search and calculate the frequency of each lexico-grammatical item through AntConc 3.5.9, and then analyze the novella through proximization theory in spatial, temporal, and axiological dimensions. Findings show that: spatially, the author subsumes the most salient Time Traveler to the camp of IDC, and with the first-person narrator and sense verbs, the whole picture of decay can make the readers horribly feel on the spot in person toward a dim human destiny; temporally, Wells prefers the past-present concept shift than the future-present. The former is to legitimize his critique of over-reliance on science and severe class exploitation, and the latter is to make predictions of a future society that may face decay. The use of contrasting construal makes the novel's plot more mysterious, stimulates the reader's interest, and paves the way for the revelation of the theme; axiologically, considering that England put science and industrial development on the pedestal at that time and that prevailing evolution theory puts people in a period of blind optimism, Wells cautions against the trap of utopia and the swamp of materialism with emphasis on negative ideologies and values of ODC. The analysis of literary works from the perspective of PT is conducive to the visualization of the implicit themes expressed in the novel, full of absurdity and exaggeration with data support, highlighting the author's humanistic concern and broadening the research object of proximization theory.
Bibliotecas y Humanidades Digitales: un nuevo espacio para la educación y la investigación desde la mirada digital y tecnológica del s. XXI
Authors: Garrido-Ramos Beatriz
Published: May 2022

En las últimas décadas las bibliotecas han experimentado una notable evolución. Dicho cambio responde a distintos factores de carácter social, cultural y educativo, así como al cambio de paradigma experimentado a consecuencia de la irrupción del componente digital en nuestras vidas que se ha materializado en forma de Cultura Digital. Hablamos de una cultura inmersa en una sociedad que demanda cada vez más herramientas y tecnologías de diverso tipo y solicita una actualización permanente de dispositivos e información. Además, esta sociocultura requiere nuevas metodologías y formas de análisis, como sucede en el ámbito de las emergentes y tan mencionadas Humanidades Digitales (en adelante HD). A lo anterior se suma la ampliación de servicios y la mejora de los mismos por parte de las bibliotecas, con el fin de adaptarse a las verdaderas necesidades de la sociedad del siglo XXI. Igualmente, la incursión de las HD ha traído consigo el fomento de nuevos perfiles profesionales (humanistas digitales) a medio camino entre las Ciencias y las Humanidades. Es el caso de los/as bibliotecarios/as y documentalistas que desempeñan una labor imprescindible especialmente en su relación con las HD (estandarización, metadatos, accesibilidad, etc.). En este texto analizaremos brevemente algunos de estos aspectos los cuales resultan de especial interés y relevancia para comprender el nuevo papel ejercido por las bibliotecas en la sociedad actual.
Exploration of Music Preferences among the Socioeconomic Stereotypes: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Mendis B. I. L. M. , Palihaderu P. A. D. S. , Satharasinghe Dilan Amila , Premarathne J. M. K. J. K. , Dissanayake Arosha S , Rajapakse Harshini , Karunanayake Panduka , Senarath Upul , Wijesuriya Wasana , Keong Swee Yeap , Ho Wang Yong , Subasinghe Wasantha , Dias W K R R
Published: May 2022

Music preference is being influenced by various sociological factors. This study was undertaken to investigate music preferences across five different socio-economic classes in selected urban and suburban areas of Sri Lanka. Ten music tracks representing the correspondent musical genres were selected. The single most preferred and the weighted hedonic mean score for the genres in each class were obtained as upper class: jazz, upper middle class: nature music, middle class: popular instrumental, working class: popular instrumental and poor class: rock. The interaction between socio-economic classes and genres was significant (p<0.05). Compelling associations for folk, jazz, and popular instrumental genres were found with the upper-middle class while the upper class has shown a significant association for popular instrumental music. Despite the socio-economic status, the highest preference and the highest weighted hedonic mean score were recorded with popular instrumental. Thus, understanding music preference behaviour is vital for music education and research.
Jus post bellum: Justice at the End of War
Authors: Haokip S. Nengneithem , Venkataraman Prabhu
Published: May 2022

Post bellum justice considers vindication of human rights and prosecution on occasion of its violation essential to establish just peace at the end of war. An inquiry into the interrelationship between justice in the commencement, during, and at the end of war reveals the centrality of human rights and just peace. Conversely, jus post bellum's failure is associated with discrepancies in jus ad bellum and jus in bello conditions of just war (JW). The study, therefore, observes an intricate relationship between the three conditions of just war. This correlation is further stressed on the importance of jus ad bellum criteria of right intention and proportionality principle of jus in bello to rightly administer judgment for crimes committed during war. To complement the already existing laws of warfare, the paper distinguished crimes based on intention into presumptuous, not-presumptuous, and un-presumptuous. Thus, all three conditions of just war synergistically work together to justify a just war claim for right resort to force.
HUBUNGAN PERAN KELUARGA DENGAN KEMANDIRIAN LANSIA DALAM PEMENUHAN AKTIVITAS SEHARI-HARI DI PUSKESMAS BELIMBING PADANG
Authors: Madoni Abri
Published: May 2022

In Indonesia, the elderly who experience limitations in carrying out physical activity every year have increased. The dependence of the elderly turns out to have an effect on the affective function of the family which includes love, mutual acceptance, mutual respect and the bond of living together with all family members. The purpose of this study is the relationship between the role of the family and the independence of the elderly in fulfilling daily activities at the Belimbingpadang Health Center in 2021. This type of research is descriptive analytic with a cross sectional study design. The study was conducted in October 2020 - November 2021. The elderly population who came to visit the Belimbing Padang Health Center was 530 people with a sample of 77 people. The sampling technique is accidental sampling. Data analysis was performed by univariate analysis presented with frequency distribution and bivariate analysis using Chi-Square statistical test with 95% confidence level = 0.05. The results showed that more than half (53.2%) of the elderly had a poor family role at the Belimbing Padang Health Center. More than half (54.5%) of respondents have independent dependence at the Belimbing Padang Health Center. There is a significant relationship between the role of the family and the independence of the elderly in fulfilling daily activities at the Belimbing Padang Health Center. It is hoped that through the leadership of the Belimbing Padang Health Center in order to be able to run the elderly program about health education, fulfilling daily activities in the elderly, and providing information to the family to provide support, attention and enthusiasm for the elderly. Keywords: Family Role, Elderly Independence, Daily activities
Determining the Lifetime Return on Investment of a Career in Physical Therapy or Occupational Therapy – An Educational and Financial Analysis
Authors: Thompson Cody
Published: May 2022

Background: In the United States, student loan debt has been a subject for national and political discussion. Professional associations have expressed concern and taken action in ways to combat high levels of student loan debt. What has not been discussed is the lifetime earnings, debt, and retirement (or loss thereof) which would produce an overall lifetime return on investment (ROI) for the graduate and associate’s degree levels of careers in physical therapy and occupational therapy.

Method: A literature review on student loan debt in the United States was performed. Specifically, statistics were obtained from various sources relative to the fields of physical and occupational therapy. Salaries and salary projections were obtained for both graduate and associate’s/technical degree levels in physical and occupational therapy. Data was calculated to obtain overall cost of education (tuition plus debt-based interest), lifetime earnings of salary, and available retirement contributions when replacing contributions with potential loan repayment.

Results: Literature review showed that while value can only be determined subjectively, current career projections and cost of education for obtaining graduate degrees in physical and occupational therapy have an overall negative return on investment in relation to lifetime earnings. By comparison, the associate’s degree level of training provides for a relatively high lifetime earning and high return on investment when factoring in a debt-to-income ratio and lifetime potential retirement earnings.

Conclusion: Value can only be determined by the one pursuing a degree or career goal. However, numeric and financial data shows that the lifetime earnings and overall investment in a graduate career in physical therapy and occupational therapy is negative when compared to the associate’s degree level.

Limitations: Limitations of this review are the lack of consideration of loan forgiveness, as well as grant funding from research groups, Pell grants, and other methods of loan payment or repayment. Also not taken into account for these calculations are the career burnout rates for physical and occupational therapy professionals.
The Introduction of English-Induced Neologisms in Spanish Tweets: A Case-Study on covidiota
Authors: Kailich Franziska
Published: May 2022

This paper intends to trace the introduction of an English-induced, COVID-related neologism, covidiota, into the Spanish language. The study is based on a corpus of tweets, starting in March 2020. It examines several specific features which mark the word as a new, unfamiliar item, such as different ways of graphical highlighting, for example. On the other hand, the paper aims to detect possible indicators of an integration of covidiota into the Spanish language use in the tweet corpus compiled for this case study.
Non-Compaction Cardiomyopathy and Multiple Sclerosis: Associated or Independent Diseases? A Case Report
Authors: Muñoz Moreno Juan Manuel , Holguin Palacios Carlos , Lobato Jeri Carlos , Reyes Villanes Sebastian , Peralta Ramos Wilson , Reyes Rocha Miguel
Published: May 2022

Non-compaction cardiomyopathy (NCCM) is associated with neuromuscular disorders; however, there has been little investigation on its association with other neurological diseases, such as multiple sclerosis. We present the case of a 46-year-old woman with a history of multiple sclerosis who developed heart failure and was diagnosed with non-compaction cardiomyopathy.
Use of Digital Health Interventions in Sub-Saharan Africa for Health Systems Strengthening Over the Last 10 Years: A Scoping Review Protocol
Authors: Kipruto Hillary , Muneene Derrick , Droti Benson , Jepchumba Violet , Okeibunor Chukwudi Joseph , Nabyonga-Orem Juliet , Karamagi Humphrey Cyprian
Published: May 2022

Background

Digital Health Interventions (DHIs) refers to the utilization of digital and mobile technology to support the health system in service delivery. Over the recent years, advanced computing, genomics, and artificial intelligence are considered part of digital health. In the context of the World Health Organization (WHO) global strategy 2020–2025, digital health is defined as “the field of knowledge and practice associated with the development and use of digital technologies to improve health.” The scoping review protocol details the procedure for developing a comprehensive list of DHIs in Sub-Saharan Africa and documenting their roles in strengthening health systems.

Method and Analysis

A scoping review will be done according to the Joanne Briggs institute reviewers manual and following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses Extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR) checklist and explanation. The protocol has been registered at the Open Science Framework (OSF) database at https://osf.io/5kzq7. The review will include DHIs conceptualized/developed/designed, adapted, piloted, deployed, scaled up, and addressing health challenges in Sub-Saharan Africa. We will retrieve data from the global DHI repository-the WHO Digital Health Atlas (DHA)- and supplement it with information from the WHO eHealth Observatory, eHealth Survey (2015), and eHealth country profiles report. Additional searches will be conducted in four (4) electronic databases: PubMed, HINARI-Reasearch4Life, Cochrane Library, and Google Scholar. The review will also include gray literature and reference lists of selected studies. Data will be organized in conceptual categories looking at digital health interventions' distinct function toward achieving health sector objectives.

Discussion

Sub-Saharan Africa is an emerging powerhouse in DHI innovations with rapid expansion and evolvement. The enthusiasm for digital health has experienced challenges including an escalation of short-lived digital health interventions, duplication, and minimal documentation of evidence on their impact on the health system. Efficient use of resources is important when striving toward the use digital health interventions in health systems strengthening. This can be achieved through documenting successes and lessons learnt over time.

Conclusion

The review will provide the evidence to guide further investments in DHIs, avoid duplication, circumvent barriers, focus on gaps, and scale-up successful interventions.
Beyond the Walls: Establishing Classroom Expectations in a Virtual Classroom
Authors: Croce Katharine M. , Salter Jamie S.
Published: May 2022

Classroom expectations are clearly defined explanations of behavioral and classroom performance that help create a consistent and safe learning environment. The value of setting classroom expectations has been researched for nearly 60 years and researchers have consistently found that teachers who explicitly teach expectations have students who are: on-task at higher rates, have more prosocial behaviors with peers, and overall are more academically successful than children who have not been systematically taught classroom expectations. Setting expectations is a way to define appropriate classroom behavior and to build consistency and structure among students. As result of the COVID-19 pandemic, many classrooms around the globe are experiencing higher rates of behavioral challenges than pre-pandemic levels. Costello et al. determined that during a typical school trajectory, approximately 20% of children experience some social–emotional and behavioral (SEB) concern. There are predictions that these rates will double or triple after the COVID-19 pandemi. Educators are mandated to implement evidenced-based practices and therefore, should further explore the implementation of setting expectations while their students are engaged in virtual learning, hybrid learning, and/or returning to the brick-and-mortar classroom amidst the pandemic. The purpose of this article is to demonstrate that systematically teaching expectations to all students in a virtual setting is an innovative and effective teacher classroom practice that can then be carried into the brick-and-mortar classroom as students return to in-person learning.
Assessing the Welfare Impacts of Forest Ecosystem Service Management Policies and Their Distributional Rules
Authors: Dreoni Ilda , Utila Henri , Neil Clive , Eigenbrod Felix , Schaafsma Marije
Published: May 2022

Community based management (CBM) is widely advocated as an effective method for governing and managing ecosystem services (ES). However, the distributional rules and maximum harvesting levels are likely to affect both the effectiveness of CBMs in maintaining ES and the fairness and equity of access to these ES. This article proposes a methodological approach for investigating normative trade-offs involved in CBM of forests, where forest conservation objectives need to be traded off against livelihoods objectives. The study uses remote sensing methods to quantify forest ES supply in Namizimu Forest Reserve in Malawi, and links this to demand for ES within the villages near the reserve. It then investigates how a plausible set of CBM rules can be developed to cap consumption of forest products to sustainable amount and quantifies, by using monetary valuation techniques, how these set of rules may affect the total well-being of local population. Our results demonstrate that, due to the spatial mismatches between demand and supply, the distribution of provisioning ES to the population across the harvesting area is unequal in biophysical terms. The current available stock of forest products is sufficient to cover the current demand, however, it is higher than the mean annual increment indicating that this level of consumption is ecologically unsustainable and will lead to forest degradation as shown under the business-as-usual scenario. We then examined the impact of governance and how CBM rules to allocate forest ES to different social groups (poor and rich) under a co-management regime will affect total societal welfare. We found that the distributional scenario that maximises total societal welfare expressed in monetary terms across the whole harvesting area is the scenario that distributes 40% of biomass to the rich group while the remaining 60% is allocated to the poor group. However, this scenario maximises Willingness to Pay (WTP) at total level but does not maximise WTP in each sub-area of forest but just for those that have a high availability for biomass. This indicates that the distributional rules that maximise total welfare at aggregate level may not maximise welfare at local level where constraints from biomass availability require to restrict further the distribution of forest products. When biomass availability is low, total societal welfare is maximised with distributional rules that distribute more trees to richer. Yet, a policymaker may choose a distributional rule that distribute more trees to the poor on normative grounds and forego the objective of maximising total welfare. In such cases the WTP analysis outlined in this paper can support the policymaker in choosing the distributional rule that minimise trade-offs between efficiency, i.e., maximising total welfare, and livelihoods objectives.
Post-Translational Modifications of STING: A Potential Therapeutic Target
Authors: Kang Jiaqi , Wu Jie , Liu Qinjie , Wu Xiuwen , Zhao Yun , Ren Jianan
Published: May 2022

Stimulator of interferon genes (STING) is an endoplasmic-reticulum resident protein, playing essential roles in immune responses against microbial infections. However, over-activation of STING is accompanied by excessive inflammation and results in various diseases, including autoinflammatory diseases and cancers. Therefore, precise regulation of STING activities is critical for adequate immune protection while limiting abnormal tissue damage. Numerous mechanisms regulate STING to maintain homeostasis, including protein-protein interaction and molecular modification. Among these, post-translational modifications (PTMs) are key to accurately orchestrating the activation and degradation of STING by temporarily changing the structure of STING. In this review, we focus on the emerging roles of PTMs that regulate activation and inhibition of STING, and provide insights into the roles of the PTMs of STING in disease pathogenesis and as potential targeted therapy.
Association Between Low Muscle Mass and Gastric Hyperplastic and Inflammatory Polyps in Chinese Asymptomatic Adult Males
Authors: Wang Na , Chen Mengjun , Lin Chunjing , Lin Weihong
Published: May 2022

Background

Gastric polyp is an abnormally proliferative or neoplastic growth of the gastric mucosa, with a degree of tendency to transform into gastric cancer. Lack of physical activity that is significantly related to low muscle mass (LMM) and muscle strength has been identified to be associated with gastric polyps. In this study, we examine the association of LMM and different histological types of gastric polyps among Chinese asymptomatic adult males.

Methods

In total, 1,742 male adults undergoing bioelectrical impedance analysis and upper gastrointestinal endoscopies were included. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression models were used to analyze the effect of LMM on the risk of gastric polyps and different histological types.

Results

By univariate and multivariate analyses, LMM (OR: 1.689, 95%CI: 1.046–2.726, p = 0.032) kept independent effect on risk of gastric polyps. When ratio of appendicular skeletal muscle mass to body mass index(ASM/BMI) was brought into the analyses, it was identified to be negatively correlated with occurrence of gastric polyps (OR: 0.744, 95%CI: 0.566–0.977, p = 0.033). For different pathological types, LMM showed different effect on occurrence of gastric polyps. LMM was an independent indicator for hyperplastic and inflammatory polyps (OR: 2.378, 95%CI: 1.288–4.389, p = 0.006), rather than fundic gland polyps (OR: 1.013, 95%CI: 0.473–2.173, p = 0.973).

Conclusion

In general, LMM was an independent indicator for hyperplastic and inflammatory polyps occurrence in Chinese asymptomatic adult males.
Approaching Training-Practice Gaps After the Transition: A Practice Proposal for Supervision After Training
Authors: ten Cate Olle , Favier Robert P.
Published: May 2022

Transitions within medical, veterinarian, and other health professional training, from classroom to workplace, between undergraduate, postgraduate, fellowship phases, and to unsupervised clinical practice, are often stressful. Endeavors to alleviate inadequate connections between phases have typically focused on preparation of learners for a next phase. Yet, while some of these efforts show results, they cannot obliviate transitional gaps. If reformulated as ‘not completely ready to assume the expected responsibilities in the next phase’, transitions may reflect intrinsic problems in a training trajectory. Indeed, the nature of classroom teaching and even skills training for example, will never fully reflect the true context of clinical training. In various stages of clinical training, the supervision provided to trainees, particularly medical residents, has increased over the past decades. This addresses calls for enhanced patient safety, but may inadequately prepare trainees for unsupervised practice. Transitions often evolve around the question how much support or supervision incoming trainees or junior professionals require. We propose to consider receiving incoming trainees and new employees in clinical workplaces with a conversation about required supervision for discrete tasks, or entrustable professional activities (EPAs). EPAs lend themselves for the question: “At what level of supervision will you be able to carry out this task?”. This question can be answered by both the trainee or junior employee and the supervisor or employer and can lead to agreement about specified supervision for a defined period of time. We expect that this “supported autonomy tool” could alleviate stress and enhance continued development after transitions.
Comparative Analysis of Total and Size-Fractionated Chlorophyll a in the Yellow Sea and Western Pacific
Authors: Wei Yuqiu , Cui Zhengguo , Wang Xingzhou , Teng Guangliang , Qu Keming , Sun Jun
Published: May 2022

Measurements of different size-fractionated chlorophyll a concentrations (Chl a) of phytoplankton assemblages in situ are vital for advancing our understanding of the phytoplankton size structure and thus the marine biogeochemical cycle. In the present study, we thus made a comparative analysis of total and size-fractionated Chl a in the Yellow Sea (YS) and Western Pacific (WP). Our results suggest that the total Chl a was highly variable in the YS (averaging ~1.02 μg L−1) and was generally 3–4-fold more than that in the WP (averaging ~0.30 μg L−1). The pico-sized Chl a had a significant contribution to total Chl a in the WP (range 75–88%), while the average contributions of the nano-sized and pico-sized Chl a to total Chl a in the YS were 47 and 38%, respectively, suggesting that a majority of the total Chl a in the YS was associated with nano- and picophytoplankton. Moreover, we applied the generalized additive models (GAMs) to explore the relationships between the total Chl a and that contained in each of the three size classes. These GAMs relationships suggested a continuum from picophytoplankton dominated waters to large phytoplankton (cells> 2 μm) domination with increasing Chl a. Finally, we made a comparison of the total Chl a obtained with GF/F filters and that measured from size-fractionated filtration and revealed that their corresponding concentrations are in good agreement, indicating the size-fractionated filtration had no effect on total Chl a determination.
Beware of Misdelivery: Multifaceted Role of Retromer Transport in Neurodegenerative Diseases
Authors: Yoshida Shun , Hasegawa Takafumi
Published: May 2022

Retromer is a highly integrated multimeric protein complex that mediates retrograde cargo sorting from endosomal compartments. In concert with its accessory proteins, the retromer drives packaged cargoes to tubular and vesicular structures, thereby transferring them to the trans-Golgi network or to the plasma membrane. In addition to the endosomal trafficking, the retromer machinery participates in mitochondrial dynamics and autophagic processes and thus contributes to cellular homeostasis. The retromer components and their associated molecules are expressed in different types of cells including neurons and glial cells, and accumulating evidence from genetic and biochemical studies suggests that retromer dysfunction is profoundly involved in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases including Alzheimer’s Disease and Parkinson’s disease. Moreover, targeting retromer components could alleviate the neurodegenerative process, suggesting that the retromer complex may serve as a promising therapeutic target. In this review, we will provide the latest insight into the regulatory mechanisms of retromer and discuss how its dysfunction influences the pathological process leading to neurodegeneration.
Contrast-Enhanced Spectral Mammography-Based Prediction of Non-Sentinel Lymph Node Metastasis and Axillary Tumor Burden in Patients With Breast Cancer
Authors: Wu Xiaoqian , Guo Yu , Sa Yu , Song Yipeng , Li Xinghua , Lv Yongbin , Xing Dong , Sun Yan , Cong Yizi , Yu Hui , Jiang Wei
Published: May 2022

Purpose

To establish and evaluate non-invasive models for estimating the risk of non-sentinel lymph node (NSLN) metastasis and axillary tumor burden among breast cancer patients with 1–2 positive sentinel lymph nodes (SLNs).

Materials and Methods

Breast cancer patients with 1–2 positive SLNs who underwent axillary lymph node dissection (ALND) and contrast-enhanced spectral mammography (CESM) examination were enrolled between 2018 and 2021. CESM-based radiomics and deep learning features of tumors were extracted. The correlation analysis, least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO), and analysis of variance (ANOVA) were used for further feature selection. Models based on the selected features and clinical risk factors were constructed with multivariate logistic regression. Finally, two radiomics nomograms were proposed for predicting NSLN metastasis and the probability of high axillary tumor burden.

Results

A total of 182 patients [53.13 years ± 10.03 (standard deviation)] were included. For predicting the NSLN metastasis status, the radiomics nomogram built by 5 selected radiomics features and 3 clinical risk factors including the number of positive SLNs, ratio of positive SLNs, and lymphovascular invasion (LVI), achieved the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) of 0.85 [95% confidence interval (CI): 0.71–0.99] in the testing set and 0.82 (95% CI: 0.67–0.97) in the temporal validation cohort. For predicting the high axillary tumor burden, the AUC values of the developed radiomics nomogram are 0.82 (95% CI: 0.66–0.97) in the testing set and 0.77 (95% CI: 0.62–0.93) in the temporal validation cohort.

Discussion

CESM images contain useful information for predicting NSLN metastasis and axillary tumor burden of breast cancer patients. Radiomics can inspire the potential of CESM images to identify lymph node metastasis and improve predictive performance.
Cell-Free RNA as a Novel Biomarker for Response to Therapy in Head & Neck Cancer
Authors: Tosevska Anela , Morselli Marco , Basak Saroj K. , Avila Luis , Mehta Parag , Wang Marilene B. , Srivatsan Eri S. , Pellegrini Matteo
Published: May 2022

Liquid biopsies are gaining more traction as non-invasive tools for the diagnosis and monitoring of cancer. In a new paradigm of cancer treatment, a synergistic botanical drug combination (APG-157) consisting of multiple molecules, is emerging as a new class of cancer therapeutics, targeting multiple pathways and providing a durable clinical response, wide therapeutic window and high level of safety. Monitoring the efficacy of such drugs involves assessing multiple molecules and cellular events simultaneously. We report, for the first time, a methodology that uses circulating plasma cell-free RNA (cfRNA) as a sensitive indicator of patient response upon drug treatment. Plasma was collected from six patients with head and neck cancer (HNC) and four healthy controls receiving three doses of 100 or 200 mg APG-157 or placebo through an oral mucosal route, before treatment and on multiple points post-dosing. Circulating cfRNA was extracted from plasma at 0-, 3- and 24-hours post-treatment, followed by RNA sequencing. We performed comparative analyses of the circulating transcriptome and were able to detect significant perturbation following APG-157 treatment. Transcripts associated with inflammatory response, leukocyte activation and cytokine were upregulated upon treatment with APG-157 in cancer patients, but not in healthy or placebo-treated patients. A platelet-related transcriptional signature could be detected in cancer patients but not in healthy individuals, indicating a platelet-centric pathway involved in the development of HNC. These results from a Phase 1 study are a proof of principle of the utility of cfRNAs as non-invasive circulating biomarkers for monitoring the efficacy of APG-157 in HNC.
Clinical Features and Risk Factors of Severe Pneumonia in Children With Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia
Authors: Liu Chun-yan , Li Cheng
Published: May 2022

Objective

This study aims to analyze the clinical characteristics of pediatric acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) complicated by pneumonia and the risk factors of severe cases to preliminarily construct a prediction model for ALL complicated by severe pneumonia.

Methods

A retrospective analysis was carried out on the clinical data of children diagnosed with ALL complicated by pneumonia hospitalized at the Department of Pediatrics of the Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University between January 2013 and December 2020. The risk factors of severe ALL complicated by pneumonia were investigated with logistic regression analysis, and the risk prediction model was constructed.

Results

A total of 116 cases of pediatric ALL complicated by pneumonia were analyzed. There were 71 cases of mild pneumonia and 45 cases of severe pneumonia. The main clinical manifestations were cough in 112 cases and fever in 109. Pathogens were detected in 23 cases. Multiple regression factor analysis indicated that the use of hormones (OR 4.001, 95% CI: 1.505–10.632), neutropenia or agranulocytosis (OR 7.472, 95% CI: 2.710–20.602), hemoglobin (Hb) < 90 g/L (OR 3.270, 95% CI: 1.256~8.516), and C-reactive protein (CRP) >15 mg/L (OR 3.253, 95% CI: 1.209~8.751) were independent risk factors that were associated with severe pneumonia. Logistic regression was used to establish the risk prediction model of ALL with severe pneumonia. The p-value was 0.659. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve was 0.851, and the sensitivity and specificity were 84.4 and 71.8%, respectively.

Conclusion

The development of severe pneumonia may be affected by the use of hormones, neutropenia or agranulocytosis, Hb < 90 g/L, and CRP > 15 mg/L. The prediction model based on the risk factors is effective, which can provide a reference for the clinical evaluation of acute lymphoblastic leukemia with severe pneumonia.
Incision and Drainage With Primary Fistulotomy of Perianal Abscess Is Safe and Effective in Neonates: A Long-Term Follow-Up Study
Authors: Yin Wanbin , Li Laian , Su Lin , Wang Shuai
Published: May 2022

Objective

Perianal abscess (PA) in neonates is poorly understood, and its management remains controversial. The aim of this study was to compare incision and drainage (ID) with or without primary fistulotomy in the management of neonatal first-time PA.

Methods

A retrospective comparative study was conducted for neonates with first-time PA treated with incision and drainage with primary fistulotomy (IDF) vs. ID between 2008 and 2017.

Results

In total, 138 patients (137 boys and 1 girl) were identified; 65 in the IDF group and 73 in the ID group. The median follow-up was 6.5 years (range 4–13 years). Baseline characteristics were similar between the 2 groups. The cure rate in the IDF group (98.5%, 64/65) was significantly higher than that in the ID group (80.8%, 59/73; p = 0.001). The rate of fistula formation in the IDF group (1.5%, 1/65) was significantly lower than that in the ID group (13.7%, 10/73; p = 0.01). The rate of abscess recurrence was not statistically different (p = 0.12), even though the IDF group (0%, 0/65) seemed to have a better outcome than the ID group (5.5%, 4/73). No fecal incontinence was observed in any of our patients.

Conclusions

First-time PA in neonates can be treated safely and effectively by the IDF or by ID alone. The former may be advantageous over the latter in terms of the rate of cure and fistula formation.
Stevens-Johnson Syndrome Following Non-steroidal Anti-inflammatory Drugs: A Real-World Analysis of Post-marketing Surveillance Data
Authors: Shao Qi-hui , Yin Xue-dong , Zeng Na , Zhou Zhi-xuan , Mao Xin-yu , Zhu Yan , Zhao Bin , Li Zhi-ling
Published: May 2022

Background:

The Stevens-Johnson syndrome (SJS) is a severe skin reaction to non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), and can even be life-threatening. However, there are still few real-world studies to compare the specific differences in the adverse effects of skin and mucosal invasion.

Methods

Disproportionality analysis and Bayesian analysis were devoted to data-mining of the suspected SJS after using NSAIDs based on the FDA's Adverse Event Reporting System (FAERS) from January 2004 to March 2021. The times to onset, fatality, and hospitalization rates of antipyretic analgesic-associated SJS were also investigated.

Results

A total of 1,868 reports of SJS adverse events were identified with NSAIDs. Among 5 NSAIDs monotherapies we studied (acetaminophen, ibuprofen, aspirin, diclofenac and celecoxib), ibuprofen had the highest association with SJS based on the highest reporting odds ratio (ROR = 7.06, 95% two-sided CI = 6.59–7.56), proportional reporting ratio (PRR = 6.98, χ2 = 4201.14) and empirical Bayes geometric mean (EBGM = 6.78, 95% one-sided CI = 6.40). However, ibuprofen-associated SJS had the lowest fatality rate (6.87%, p < 0.0001) and the highest hospitalization rate (79.27%, p < 0.0001). Celecoxib-associated SJS had the latest time to onset (317.56 days, p < 0.0001). Diclofenac-associated SJS cases appeared to be associated with the highest risk of death (25.00%, p < 0.0001).

Conclusions

The analysis of FAERS data provides a more accurate profile of the incidence and prognosis of SJS after NSAIDs treatment, enabling continued surveillance and timely intervention in patients at risk of SJS following these NSAIDs.
How Does Leader Humility Influence Team Creativity? The Roles of Team Behavioral Integration and Leader Performance
Authors: Zhu Taiqiu , Chen Yixuan , Asante Eric Adom , Zhu Yue , Xu Tingting
Published: May 2022

This study developed and tested a research model to examine the influence of leader humility on team creativity. Drawing on social learning theory, we tested team behavioral integration as a mediator in the relationship between leader humility and team creativity. Moreover, we tested the moderating effect of leader performance on this mediated relationship. We tested our hypotheses using a multiple-source research design. Data were collected from 275 employees in 67 work teams from a variety of industrial companies in Southeast China. The results confirmed that team behavioral integration mediated the relationship between leader humility and team creativity. Furthermore, the indirect effect of leader humility on team creativity via team behavioral integration was stronger when leader performance was higher (vs. lower). We discuss the implications of our findings for the theory and practice of leader humility.
From “Human-to-Human” to “Human-to-Non-human” – Influence Factors of Artificial Intelligence-Enabled Consumer Value Co-creation Behavior
Authors: Wen Haitao , Zhang Lulu , Sheng Ao , Li Mingda , Guo Bingfeng
Published: May 2022

The emergence of artificial intelligence (AI) has changed traditional methods of value co-creation. Diverging from traditional methods, this study discusses the influencing factors of AI-supported consumer value co-creation from the perspective of human-to-non-human interactions. This study adopts the stimulus–organism–response framework with consumer engagement (CE) as the intermediary to explore the impact of consumers’ personal subjective factors, community factors, and perceptions of AI technology on their value co-creating behaviors. Data were collected from 528 respondents from the Huawei Huafen Club, Xiaomi BBS, Apple China Virtual Brand, Micromobile Phone, and Lenovo communities. SPSS Amos software was used for statistical analysis, revealing that perceived personalization, autonomy, community identity, trust in AI, and self-efficacy are motivational factors that have significant effects on consumer value co-creation behaviors, in which CE plays a significant intermediary role. Our study contributes to the literature on consumer value co-creation supported by AI technology. We also offer important insights for developers of AI-enabled products and service managers.
The Relationship Between Chinese EFL Learners’ Resilience and Academic Motivation
Authors: Zhang Bo
Published: May 2022

With the recent adoption of Positive Psychology in foreign language education, academic motivation and resilience as secondary components of positive psychology have started to receive academic attention. Undoubtedly, students require constant motivation because learning a foreign language is a long-term effort especially in the first stage that they usually lose their interest and motivation. When students are academically motivated, they can put high effort to learn the language. This study aims to inspect the relationship between Chinese EFL learners’ resilience and academic motivation. To this end, 482 students from different colleges and universities in China were selected and they completed the resilience and academic motivation questionnaires. Spearman’s rho index and multiple regressions were run for data analyses. Results of the study indicated that there is a positive and significant association showing a relationship between these two constructs. Moreover, two components of motivation, namely interjected regulation and external regulation by attendance proved to be the best predictors of learners’ resilience. The paper concludes with some pedagogical implications; for instance, motivation can be considered as a primary point for the progress of resilience for the next steps of language success.