bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Surgical Site Infections (SSIs) – The recent trends in the etiological agents and their antimicrobial resistance patterns in a teaching hospital of semi urban setup
Authors: VOLETI ARCHANA , B SRIUSHASWINI , NADIMINTI SUBBARAO , ACHANTA RANGA , PERALA BALAMURALI , BANDARU NARASINGA
Published: August 2022

ABSTRACT
Introduction: Surgical site infections (SSIs) are infections that develops within 30 days after a surgical procedure or 1 year if an implant is placed and these Surgical site infections (SSIs) constitute a major public health problem worldwide that occur postoperatively. The epidemiology of etiological agents causing SSIs are varying now a days and also their antimicrobial sensitivity patters leading to more resistant forms leading to morbidity and mortality.
Materials and Methods: A cross‑sectional study was performed by analyzing 336 SSIs among 4992 surgeries performed in 2 years. The etiological agents were isolated and their antimicrobial sensitivity pattern determined as per CLSI guidelines. The data was tabulated and statistically analyzed using SPSS software Version 25.0.
Results: Of the total 4992 patients who underwent elective or emergency surgeries 336 developed SSIs in the hospital with an prevalence of 6.73% . The male female ratio is 1.95:1. The prevalence is more in age group of 40-60 yrs rather than >60yrs. Staphylococcus aureus (30.58%) is the major pathogen followed by Escherichia coli (19.42%). Staphylococcus aureus is highly sensitive to Lenezolid (98.82%) and Escherichia coli to Amikacin (94.44%)
Conclusion: The information of common microbial isolates and their antibiogram of each institution helps to start an empirical prophylactic antimicrobials for starting the treatment to avoid the inappropriate and prolonged use of antibiotics that can lead to the development of resistant micro organisms and a robust antibiotic policy which results in better patient care and healthcare outcomes
SPONTANEOUS INTRACEREBRAL HEMORRHAGE IN ACUTE LYMPHOCYTIC LEUKEMIA IN A RURAL AREA: A CASE REPORT
Authors: Damayanti Adriana , Mega Gde , Siswantoro Cahyo , Angliwarman Yosef
Published: August 2022

Intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) is one of the complications in hematological malignancies which has high mortality. The mechanism of this event is still undetermined even though there are still many possibilities. Here we presented a case of 44-year-old female farmer diagnosed with acute lymphocytic leukemia who suddenly had intracerebral hemorrhage during admission for treating anemic condition in rural area. In inadequacy of definitive treatment, supportive management is the best way of prolonging patient’s life expectancy. So far, no effective way was explained to prevent and treat ICH in patient with hematological malignancies. Further research for early diagnosis and prevention of its complication is needed especially in rural area to reduce the morbidity and mortality.
Curriculum Management Practices by Head of Schools: Empirical Evidence from Secondary Schools in the Nnewi Education Zone
Authors:   Department of Curriculum and Instructional Technology, Nwafor Orizu College of Education Nsugbe, Anambra State, Nigeria, Chukwuka Judith Nkolika
Published: August 2022

The curriculum management strategies of highly experienced and less experienced secondary school principals were compared in this study. The study was guided by a single research topic, and a null hypothesis was tested at the 0.05 level of significance. The study was conducted using a descriptive survey research approach. The participants in this study were 106 secondary school principals and vice principals from 44 public secondary schools in the Nnewi Education Zone. Because the research population was manageable, no sampling was done. As a result, the study’s population size was made up of 106 secondary school principals and vice principals. Data was collected using a questionnaire produced by a researcher called the Curriculum Management Practice Scale. Two professionals independently verified the tool. Cronbach alpha was employed to examine the instrument’s internal consistency, and reliability values of 0.75 were obtained. The researcher and five research assistants used direct administration to collect data for the study. There was a 100% return rate. The study question was answered using arithmetic mean and standard deviation scores, and the null hypothesis was tested using a t-test at the 0.05 level of significance. The study’s findings indicated that there is no discernible difference in the curriculum management techniques of highly experienced and less experienced secondary school principals. Most school heads do a review of all course curricula and hold meetings to establish what type of extra-curricular activities are required. The study’s implications and findings were drawn.
The Genocide of Suriyia Village of 16 September 1969 in the memoir of its people Asst. Lecturer Rojin Chalabi Muneer History department, Faculty of human sciences, University of Zakho, Kurdistan Region –Iraq
Authors: Muneer Rojin
Published: August 2022

Genocide means killing some number of innocent people in an inhuman incident as attacking against civil complex and military organization operation, its killing might be innocent people such as older and children, from this point Suriyia village is one of those countryside that its people faced the killing attack, Suriyia genocide is one of those genocide operation, which being operated against Kurds also considered a crime against the human right, cause some women, men, children and older been killed, its scarifying were peasants and freely farming and taking care of animals, however that attacking operated under the operation of the Baathist Arabic socialist Party . During this research some questions were been taken into account such as what were the reasons behind that attack? Were those reasons value to take that inhuman action? To what extant this killing action affected on the people of this village?
Dakan massacre in august 18th 1969 in survivors mind Ms. Hujeen Masoud Tahir Directorate of education in the Duhok province
Authors: Masud Gahir Hujeen
Published: August 2022

There are victims in all revolutions and uprisings. Through Aylol Revolution (1957-1961) as all Revolutions around the world, therefore civilian people were victims of Iraqi regime military offensive, this time was different because civilian people from Dekan village burned alive in the cave. In this research many questions will be answered, for instance what were the reason for this mass murder? what were the disadvantages in all aspects? What is it impact at this area today? What are the scenes remained in survivor’s mind? What were the action taken by Akre and Shekhan force to take the revenge, what did revolution leader do to announce this mass murder?
Administrative organization for the application of the early warning system and its role in managing and confronting security crises
Authors: Thabet Mohammed Ali Nadheer
Published: August 2022

The crime of genocide is not a sudden crime, but rather it is the result of a long-term and deliberate process that can be stopped and confronted before the acts of genocide and killing begin. Genocide and stop its impact before it reaches that stage, and among these procedures is what is known as the early warning system, which is an assessment of the possibility of a conflict erupting or the possibility of a certain escalation within a certain framework of the acts constituting the crime of genocide. Early warnings are usually guided by an assessment of past risks in countries or regions at high risk of humanitarian crimes, where action to prevent future genocide requires an understanding of how these events may occur, including considerations of warning signs and human behaviors that make Genocide crimes are probable and possible. The early warning system is used as a continuous process divided into several stages that are subject to continuous review, and each of these stages represents a different type of information collection and analysis within different periods of time that together constitute a transparent and repeatable process that meets the information requirements for early warning and effective prevention of the crime of genocide.
The French Genocide in Algeria (18301962-), an invocation of memory and an invitation to trial
Authors: Aissa Litim
Published: August 2022

The Algerian people were subjected for a century and thirty-two years, and which was the result of the total war adopted by France, for the success of its settlement project in Algeria. They all proceeded in the direction of the extermination of the Algerian element, as they exterminated entire tribes: such as the Al-Awfia tribe, the Awlad Riah tribe and destroyed villages, and the destruction of institutions that reflected the elements of the Arab-Islamic personality, not to mention the deprivation of man from his means of subsistence and livelihood, and the sources of his culture, the crimes of the French genocide spread And it continued in the contemporary period, turning the Algerian desert into bases for nuclear tests, where Algerians and French used them as test mice, and its effects on the environment and humans are still present to this day, especially in light of the French authorities’ masterpieces on the archives of these experiments, and the summary: The outcome of the French occupation of Algeria is heavy Very, more than 10 million Algerians were killed, and the necessities of life on Algerian soil were completely destroyed.
Ideological base for genocide committed against the Iraqi Kurdistan region’s
Authors: Karim Darwesh Abdulrahman
Published: August 2022

The study deals with the ideological base of genocide crimes, and trying to identify the nature of the intellectual foundations for the crimes of genocide committed against the Iraqi Kurdistan region, especially Anfal, depending on the method of historical analysis in order to realize the Baathist strategy that produced those crimes. We assume that the commission of such offenses came to meet the growth requirements and the development of ideas for the establishment of the expansionist Baathist nationalism empire. In First dim and; studied Iraqi political thought and its impact on the national issue in the general framework of the Iraqi Kurdistan. In Second requirement: we studied the Kurdish issue in the Baathist political thought, either in the Third demand; studied strategic objectives of the resurrection of committing crimes of genocide against the Kurds and in the Fourth requirement; we have to clarify the effect geostrategic for those crimes on Kurdistan and show us that the genocide of the Kurdish people of crimes in the Anfal operations but came by evoke intellectual advance and orderly.
Direct and public incitement to commit genocide
Authors: A. Issa Hussein
Published: August 2022

Article 3, paragraph (C) of the Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide of 1948 provides, along with the punishment in paragraph (E) of it for participation in the commission of the crime of genocide, punishment for direct and public incitement to commit it. Article (25) paragraph (d) of the statute of the International Criminal Court also punishes any contribution to international crimes that fall within its jurisdiction, including the crime of genocide. Paragraph (e) of it specifically punishes direct and public incitement to commit the crime of genocide, which raises two questions: how different it is from one of the forms of participation in it, which is incitement to commit its, as a form of participation in the crime of genocide and what are its distinguishing features? On this basis, this research is devoted to studying the concept of direct and public incitement to commit the crime of genocide, by analyzing the Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide of 1948, the Statuses of international criminal courts, their practices, and comparative criminal legislation.
Predatory Identities the Duty to Remember and Forget / A Study in Arabian Novel
Authors: Ghadban Mohammed Nadia
Published: August 2022

Memory studies are among the studies that fall in the interdisciplinary field, and the need for them has arisen to address the present representations of groups and nations because of the collective memory of the groups that present a present perception of the past, and the issue of genocide and genocidal violence is one of the present topics in our contemporary reality. Therefore, this research seeks to find a literary and critical reading of the duty of memory. By raising the issue of genocide in literature through the concept of (predatory identities) by the anthropological researcher (Arjun Appadurai). Predatory identities are identities “whose construction and social organization require the extinction of other social groups close to them, identified as threatening the existence of a group (us)”. The feeling of threat is the first determinant of group building, and at the same time, the first signs of its predatory nature, confirming the existence of the other (the enemy) is a condition for building identity in general, and predatory in particular. Appadurai defines conditions for these identities, saying: “Predatory identities are generated periodically from the presence of two or more identities, which have a long history of friction and amalgamation, and a certain limit of mutual stereotyping. It is, but there must be some degree of discrepancy between the two groups in defining the identity.” The predatory identity claims to be the majority. It moves to achieve identity purity by getting rid of the other identity that hinders the completion of its purity.
The Legal Framework for the Right of the Families of the Forcibly Disappeared to Know their Fate Comparative Analytical Research
Authors: Shakur Salih Azad
Published: August 2022

The search for the right of the families of the forcibly disappeared to know their fate (to know the truth), which is known as the (right to know) fully, to investigate violations committed against human rights and to know the specific circumstances surrounding them and those who participated in them, as well as their causes, is a human right. In access to knowledge, self-determination is inalienable and an independent right of individual and societal dimensions, and it is linked to other rights such as the right not to be forgotten. The origin of this right is due to Articles (33 -32 ) of the Additional Protocol to the First Geneva Conventions of 1949, and the Convention for the Protection of All Persons from Disappearance is considered The coercive nature of 200 6 was one of the first agreements that recognized this right in its Article (24), paragraph (2) of it, as well as the resolutions and recommendations issued by the human rights bodies of the United Nations, where the latter dealt with it since 1974, and the families of the disappeared can access the right to self-determination within the framework of Transitional justice through special judicial mechanisms or reconciliation committees, enjoy guarantees of impartiality and transparency, and enable their families to access it without restrictions in accordance with the controls contained in the Declaration of Principles for Measures to Combat Impunity.
Genocide against Yazidis in the coverage of German media outlets 2014 - 2021
Authors: Ibrahim Habeeb
Published: August 2022

Genocide of Yazidis by the Islamic State IS has received wide attention by the international media outlets. The Islamic State has killed thousands of civilians, captured and raped hundreds of women. Despite the delay in the Western political stand, specifically the German stand, regarding ISIS’s occupation of the Yazidi areas, German media had an active role in shedding light on the crimes committed by ISIS and determining its danger to the future of peaceful coexistence in Nineveh Governorate, which is a center for religious and ethnic minorities in Iraq. This paper sheds light on the characteristics of the German media coverage (Tagesschau 24 TV channel and website of Der Spiegel magazine 2014 - 2021) towards the Genocide of Yazidis, starting with the entry of the Islamic State to their areas, the kill of thousands of civilians and the taking of women as slaves, raping and selling them in the slave market in the city of Mosul. In the paper, we use the descriptive method to understand the media texts that dealt with the genocide of Yazidis. describe a sample of the news, reports, interviews and articles. The paper concluded that the coverage of the Tagesschau 24 TV channel and website of Der Spiegel magazine for the genocide of Yazidis was extensive to a large extent. The media coverage of the two institutions revealed the relationship between mismanagement and political chaos in Iraq and the success of the Islamic State IS in occupying the Yazidi areas. There was sympathy for the Yazidis who were exterminated because of their religious affiliation.
HOW DID COVID-19 RESHAPE THE TRANSPORTATION PREFERENCES AMONG TOURISTS
Authors:   Comenius University Bratislava, Vaľko Lukáš , Smolková Eva ,   Comenius University Bratislava
Published: August 2022

Background. COVID-19 pandemic had and still has a significant impact on the tourism sector. It causes high income drops as well as changes in customers’ preferences. These preferences play a crucial role in customers’ purchasing behaviour and decision-making process. Aims. The main aim of the paper is to analyse the changes in tourists’ preferences regarding the booking and/or purchasing of transportation services caused by the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods and sample. Data for our analysis were gathered via a questionnaire to detect the tourists’ preferences before and during the pandemic. We managed to collect 350 data entries from the period before the pandemic and 350 from after the pandemic had started. Results. Data were analysed and the preference shifts were identified, while we highlighted the most important decision factors in both periods. We especially aimed to identify the hypothetical statistical influence of demographic and geographic factors on how people perceive the importance of technology availability. For that analysis, we used a Chi-square independence test and Fischer exact test. Conclusions and implications. We have successfully confirmed the significant shift in customer preferences in the transportation area. The key findings are generally more sophisticated and thorough decision making, higher perceived importance of technology availability and new factors presence – e.g., hygienic or security measures.
COACHING IN THE FIELD OF BUSINESS MANAGEMENT
Authors:   University of Prešov in Prešov, Birknerová Zuzana , Čigarská Barbara Nicole ,   University of Prešov in Prešov, Vojtilová Veronika ,   University of Prešov in Prešov, Gabrhelová Gabriela ,   Dubnica Institute of Technology in Dubnica nad Váhom
Published: August 2022

Background: The article presents the research and its results concerning the perception of coaching as one of the effective tools for business managers. Aim: The aim of the paper is to highlight coaching as a powerful tool in the development of managerial skills and innovation potential. The aim of the research was to find out to what extent coaching is widespread among business managers, and whether it is accepted as one of the skills of managers, and if there exist relationships between the age and the individual elements of coaching in terms of work of a business manager. Methods and sample: The research was performed in 2019 via a questionnaire method (the KKMP questionnaire), combining quantitative Likert scaling with closed statements. 169 business managers from Slovakia voluntarily participated in it. Results: The results of the research confirmed the existence of statistically significant links among the individual elements of coaching in the business manager’s work, and between the individual elements of coaching and the age of business managers in terms of their work. The results confirmed that managers, in general, should not undervalue the potential contribution of coaching to company and individual attributes in any age range.
OPINI AUDIT GOING CONCERN DAN FAKTOR YANG MEMPENGARUHINYA
Authors: Indira Shinta Dewi
Published: August 2022

Obtaining empirical evidence of how the effect debt default,finacial distress , Audit Opinion Preceding Years is the goal of this study This study focused on manufacturing companies listed in Indonesia Stock Exchange (BEI) in the period 2019-2021. 317 number of observations sample obtained by the method nonprobability sampling purposive sampling technique. The analysis technique used in this research is logistic regression analysis. The analysis showed that the  profitability, and leverage has no effect on tax avoidance. Sales growth has  negative effect on tax avoidance
Healthcare Proctoring System Using Chatbot Based on Machine Learning
Authors:   Alamuri Ratnamala Institute of Engineering and Technology,  Shahpur., Pandey Prof. Vivek
Published: August 2022

This presentation describes the implementation of a healthcare portal which will include features like interoperability, symptom-based disease prediction with the help of a chatbot and remote patient health proctoring services.[1] As it is common knowledge, health and medicine are gaining a lot of significance in today’s advancing world, where evolving technology is being used to combat almost all the known diseases.[2] Technology is constantly developing everywhere forevery new ailment that us humans come across. We have new counter-measures ready for these diseases.[3]However, according to reports, more than 200 thousand people in China, 100 thousand in the USA,and nearly 70 thousand people in India die each yeardue to medication errors. Technologies such as data mining and other recommended technologies provide possibilities to explore potential knowledge from diagnosis history records and help doctors to diagnose the disease and prescribe medicines correctly to decrease medication error effectively.[4] This project proposes a system which will aim to negate any miscommunication between the medical professional and patient by acting as a medium whichwill be accessible by both entities with every record of the patient available for the professionals.[5] This system consists of a database system module, data preparation module, disease prediction module,medicine recommendation module, model evaluation and API which will be used for a centralized database for the patient’s data.[6] A decisiontree map and random forest algorithm are used to achieve the objective. This paper also mentions the additional features of the proposed system like the dual function of prediction of diseases and the recommendation of medicines, which adds to the capabilities of the existing systems, and has a portal through which a patient can have appointments, get reports for every medical check-up which will be virtually available. The patient’s data will be globally available for both medical professionals as well as the patient to see.[7] The proposed system will be designed in such a waythat every user’s data will be regularly updated in case it is being monitored by other attending medicalprofessionals.[8] Keywords healthcare portal, recommendation
Kegunaan Aplikasi Liveworksheet Sebagai LKPD Interaktif Bagi Guru-Guru SD di Masa Pembelajaran Daring Pandemi Covid 19
Authors: Nirmayani L. Heny
Published: August 2022

The Covid-19 pandemic has had a major impact on various aspects of human life. One of them is in the field of education. As a result of the outbreak, teaching and learning activities that should be carried out face-to-face must now be carried out online. In response to this, the development of learning media, especially those that use technology, is very necessary. Teachers must be more creative and innovative in managing learning activities during the pandemic. One of the interactive worksheets was created using the Liveworksheet application. The Liveworksheet application supports online learning to make it more interesting so that student learning outcomes can be achieved. Liveworksheets can display material in the form of videos, mp3, images, and other interesting symbols that can add interest.
Pedagogical Communication through the Postmodern Discourse on the School Institution
Authors: Гювийска Веска
Published: August 2022

Abstract: This article presents some of the key ideas about the school institution of postmodern times, looking for intersections with pedagogical communication. Postmodernism is problematic in some respects, the coexistence of values of different natures is acknowledged, which also reflects on discourses about the school. Some of the ideas about the postmodern school sometimes contain avant-garde and provocative ideas. Other ideas would hardly be accepted by pedagogy and would be represented in and through pedagogical communication. Some of these ideas are announced in the public sphere, but it is important that they are known not only by specialists and experts, but also by students and pedagogical experts. The first assumption is that some of these ideas are somewhat abstract or speculative in nature. The second assumption is that pluralism of views and debate would contribute, on the one hand, to the promotion of these ideas; and, on the other hand, to their clarification. The aim is to give a brief overview of the main theories and ideas, using the methods of analysis and synthesis and of critical reading, and the subjects are six representatives of different schools in the 20th and 21st centuries. Keywords: pedagogical communication, postmodern discourse, school, educational institution.
Business Communications and Cultural Specifics in the Behavior of Generation Z
Authors: Василев Даниел
Published: August 2022

Abstract: Nowadays recruitment is very competitive. Different companies publish their job ads online on a daily basis, using various channels and strategies. Using a marketing approach to recruitment allows segmentation and strategic targeting. Business communication has become an important tool for a successful recruitment campaign. Targeting the message to Generation Z requires knowledge of their “average Joe”. Using business communication tools as well as knowledge about cultural differences and dimensions and successful intercultural communication can guarantee relevant and suitable activities to involve capable representatives of Generation Z during the recruiting process. Creating the right message in the job advertisement can attract the best candidates. This article presents results from empirical research on what Generation Z finds attractive in a workplace. 282 people are interviewed using the Minnesota Satisfaction Questionnaire. The results show Generation Z values social service, creativity, the manager’s technical knowledge, authority and compensation. Using those factors as key words in the job advertisement can result in both attracting the right candidates and reducing recruitment costs. The research is done in a Bulgarian cultural environment. Key words: business communications, advertisement message, recruiting, generation Z, values, work environment.
The Project Rhetoric for Innovative Education (RHEFINE) and Bulgarian Contribution to it (Institute of Rhetoric and Communications)
Authors:   Sofia University “St. Kliment Ohridski”, Yovka Yovka
Published: August 2022

The project Rhetoric for Innovative Education (RHEFINE) is a two-year KA2 Erasmus Strategic Partnership in the field of higher education. It is co-funded by Erasmus+ Programme of The European Union. The project participants are from three European countries and represent two universities: University of Warsaw, Poland and University of Zagreb, Croatia, and one Bulgarian NGO: The Institute of Rhetoric and Communications. The Centre for Applied Rhetoric, research unit within the Institute of Applied Polish Studies in the University of Warsaw coordinates the overall work of the project. The project started in 2020 and will be completed in late 2022. The main goal of the team is to reform the academic teaching of rhetoric by presenting new possibilities to enhance the teaching of rhetoric in academic and pedagogical environments. The activities included in the work program are mainly aimed at university BA and MA students, doctoral students, academic teachers and researchers. They can be extended also to high school teachers and students and NGO workers.
Manifestations of Pedagogical Communication: Virtual, Formal and Semi-formal
Authors: Калина Калина
Published: August 2022

Abstract: The article presents the results of an analysis of the topic of education in a virtual environment, focusing on pedagogical communication and its manifestations in websites, virtual communities and the social network Facebook. An analysis is made of the opinions of users expressed in groups and sites that have been identified by their creators as engaged in presenting topics concerning education. Groups and sites that publicise topics related to innovation and the quality of education and where users’ opinions are presented in these groups are analysed. Cyberethnographic observation and content analysis methods were used to analyse communication on websites, forums, online groups, and social networks. A period of one year is covered: from 1 June 2021 to 1 June 2022. Significant educational topics for this period, presented formally and commented on professionally or informally by different groups and communities, were selected. Generalisations are made about the characteristics of virtual communication and virtual pedagogical communication on educational topics. Discussion questions are formulated that may be part of future research on virtual pedagogical communication. Keywords: pedagogical communication, virtual pedagogical communication, websites, virtual forums, online groups, Facebook, education.
Google Classroom in TEFL for Basic School Students amid the COVID 19 Pandemic: Teachers’ Reflections
Authors: Abou Shaaban Sumer S.
Published: August 2022

This paper exposed TEFL basic schoolteachers’ reflections on the use of Google Classroom amid the COVID 19 pandemic. It is a qualitative descriptive field research that tackled 82 TEFL teachers who responded to a reflection instrument which includes four questions tackled: (1) demographic general information, (2) uses of google classroom, (3) challenges teachers faced and ways they use to address these challenges, and (4) suggestions for best uses. The participants’ responses were qualitatively collected and analyzed. The findings showed that most TEFL teachers used Google Classroom for three purposes: evaluating students’ work using various assignments and tests, assigning useful homework and determining the participants in the course. The most common challenges that faced TEFL teachers were the weak e-learning skills they possess and the lack of suitable infrastructure, the huge number of students, thick textbooks and the negative psychological impact of the COVID 19. Several suggestions for the best uses related to lesson presentation, practice stage, follow-up and giving feedback on students’ work, and synchronous meetings were presented by TEFL teachers. The researcher recommended the officials in the Ministry of Education conduct specialized training courses for TEFL teachers to help them use Google Classroom for developing EFL students’ skills. Besides, it is essential to present general standards that guide EFL teachers to construct effective EFL courses.
Reflection on Africa's Underutilized Foods Towards a Sustainable Food System
Authors: K. M. Munoko , R. Kombat , K. A. Kofi , S. P. Ramid , A. O. Fatunbi
Published: August 2022

Malnutrition is a big problem on the African continent, especially among children ages zero to twenty-four months up till a time that covers the 1st 1000 days of life. Expert opinion suggests that Africa could integrate more commodities into its food systems to solve this problem, especially using its underutilized food commodities. These commodities are known to thrive very well in their various ecological zones. Indigenous food commodities are nutrient-dense, but the limitation in their use have left their potential untapped. The Forum for Agricultural Research in Africa organized a webinar to seek African stakeholders' opinions on the pathway to integrating forgotten Food into the African food system. This study extracted information from the stakeholder’s interaction in the webinar and used an integrative literature review method to draw inferences. The study suggests that considerable efforts are required to integrate the forgotten food commodities into the African food systems to enhance food security and sustainable agricultural livelihood. The needed actions include awareness creation on the importance of the forgotten food commodities, the establishment of a robust research program, active private sector engagement for investment into production, value chain development, and investment into commodity development infrastructures and businesses.
Causes of the Rise and Flourishing of Civilizations
Authors: Habibullah Hazem
Published: August 2022

A cursory glance at human history makes it very clear that civilizations are born as human beings, reach maturity and growth, and collapse and die due to more internal causes. The death of civilizations is something that history has talked about a lot and it is called forgotten civilizations. In the science of history and more in the philosophy of history, the issue of how the causes and factors of the emergence, flourishing and destruction of civilizations are mentioned and history analysts study these causes and factors. According to them, the mentioned causes and factors are natural and in the field of events related to natural and human laws. But in intra-religious analysis, looking at causes and factors is done from another angle; The Qur'an, with the aim of guiding human beings, looks at events from an educational point of view. On this basis, each of the events is closely related to the issues of punishment and encouragement of human beings and finds meaning and meaning with monotheism and its belongings. Although it is necessary to look at the events and their causes from the perspective of philosophy of history and natural traditions and laws, but these traditions are closely related to human actions and behavior. In a comprehensive analysis, although earthquakes, floods and other natural disasters are related to natural laws, but human actions are effective in its creation and emergence, and these actions can have a positive and negative impact on natural laws and nature. Hence, human behavior and actions can cause the rise and fall of civilizations in a serious way. In intra-religious analysis, God has a permanent presence as the source of all events, and human behavior causes changes in natural causes and factors. Therefore, the issue of the emergence, flourishing and destruction of civilizations from this perspective needs to be analyzed, which will be addressed in this article.
A Meta Analysis of Different Herbs (Leaves, Roots, Stems) Used in Treatment of Cancer Cells
Authors: Shivam Kumar  , Keshamma E.  , Utkarsh Trivedi  , Deepika Janjua  , Pranjal Shaw  , Rohit Kumar  , Roshan Kumar  , Purabi Saha
Published: August 2022

The initial step in the progression of cancer is the deformation of normal cells, which is caused by mutations in the DNA of the cell. This abnormal cell, during the process of it’s asexual reproduction, acquires invasion characteristics and causes alterations in the tissues that are around it, while at the same time ignoring signals linked to the regulation of cell growth that are present in its immediate environment. It would appear that a significant number of the chemical compounds that are created by plants do not play any direct role in the growth of plants. These kinds of molecules are referred to by the phrase "secondary metabolite," which is short for "secondary metabolites." Essential components include alkaloids, terpenoids, flavonoids, pigments, and tannins. Secondary metabolites are responsible for a wide variety of biological effects, including those on hematopoietic cells, lipids, and the cardiovascular system. Other biological effects can also be linked to secondary metabolites.
العلاقة بين القدرات القيادية والتوجه الستراتيجي
Authors: الطائي علي , العامري فراس
Published: August 2022

تناول البحث متغيرين مهمين على مستوى الفكر التنظيمي وكذلك الستراتيجي هما (التوجه الستراتيجي والقدرات القيادية), وسعى الباحث من خلال التحليل الإحصائي إيجاد طبيعة العلاقة بين المتغيرين, اختبر البحث في القطاع العام متمثل بوزارة التعليم العالي والبحث العلمي و طبق على عينة مكونة من (37) فرد من القيادات العليا في هذه الوزارة (مستشار الوزارة, وكيل وزير, رئيس جامعة, مساعد رئيس جامعة ومدراء عامين). استعملت استمارة استبانة, والتي تم تصميمها وفقا لمجموعة من المقاييس العالمية ,إذ تكونت من (48) فقرة تغطي متغيرات البحث,وتم اختبار عدد من الفرضيات الخاصة بعلاقة الارتباط بين متغيرات الدراسة ,وتم استعمال مجموعة من الوسائل الإحصائية منها (الأوساط الحسابية ومعامل الاختلاف والانحراف المعياري ومعامل الارتباط الرتبي (سبيرمان)). توصلت الدراسة إلى مجموعة من الاستنتاجات منها: الرؤية و الرسالة سواء على مستوى الوزارة او الجامعات و الدوائر التابعة لها تتصف بعدم التركيز لكثرة الكلمات والسمات الشخصية (الكارزماتية) معيار مهم في اختيار القادة فضلا عن باقي القدرات ولها دور جوهري في تحقيق التوجه الستراتيجي.استندت الدراسة إلى النتائج التي توصلت إليها, لتضع بعض التوصيات والمقترحات التي يمكن أن تعالج هذه النتائج كما يأتي: استحداث معهد لإعداد القادة على مستوى وزارة التعليم العالي يعمل على تنمية القدرات القيادية فضلا عن التركيز على المفاهيم الستراتيجية.
The Influence of Two Different Luting Cement on Shear Bond Strength of Zirconia and Hybrid Ceramic Crowns
Authors: Al-Taii Zainab , Al-Rawi Inas
Published: August 2022

The development of the new restorative materials was overwhelming during the last years. However the focus was on the bonding of these materials to the tooth structure that effected its successfulness. In this study two types of restorative materials are used (Ips e-max.zircad (ivoclar, vivadent) and Vita enamic (vita,sirona), and two type of cement using for bonding ( breeze self-adhesive and metacem adhesive resin cement).Materials and method: Forty freshly maxillary premolars extracted for orthodontic purpose divided into four groups, Group A: vita enamic cylinders were cemented with breeze self-adhesive resin cement. Group B: vita enamic cylinders were cemented with metacem adhesive resin cement, Group C: Ips.e-max zircad cylinders were cemented with breeze self-adhesive resin cement. Group D: Ips.e-max zircad cylinders were cemented with metacem adhesive resin cement. Statistical analysis was performed by using two-way ANOVA test to see if there were any significant difference among the means of experimental groups for shear bond strength, and independent sample. T-test was used to detect the difference between two resin cement within each type of material or between the two types of material within each type of resin cement.Result: Showed that Group D has the highest mean shear bond strength, and groupC has the lowest mean shear bond strength as compared with other groups. The two ways ANOVA test show that the p value between restorative materials is a high significant difference, also we can see that there is a high significant difference between the cement type materials.Conclusion: The surface treatment for the restorative material with sandblast enhance the shear bond strength, the use of total adhesive cement get higher shear bond strength than self-adhesive cement, The mean shear bond strength of Vitaenamic restorative material is higher than Ips.e-maxzircad
Screening the Periodontal Health Status and Oral Hygiene Practice in Preschool and Primary School Children
Authors: Alanbari Basma , Kadhim Maitha
Published: August 2022

The aim of this study was to evaluate the periodontal health status and oral hygiene practices among 4-12 year old children.Materials and Methods: A total of 300 children aged from 4-12 years old, 144 males & 156 females constituted the study population. The study was conducted at dental clinic of Pedodontic & preventive department at al Rafidain College of dentistry, Baghdad/Iraq. Periodontal health status of the sample was examined using plaque and gingival indices and oral hygiene practice-related information was gathered by direct interviews.Results: both PI & GI means value showed fluctuation within the three age groups. With the highest value reported in the 7-9 years old children of both genders. Both periodontal parameters were of higher values in the females children. The frequency of tooth brushing showed a positive correlation with age and a negative correlation with both PI&GI. The gingival inflammation assessment showed that mild gingivitis is the most prevalent type of gingivitis within the three age groups with the highest prevalence in the 7-9 years old group of both genders. Regarding oral hygiene performance. Majority of the children 171 (57%) practice daily oral hygiene, with the females showing higher percentage of tooth brushing performance. among whom 35% brushed twice/day and 65% brushed once/day. Out of the children who brushed their teeth 42% brushed at night,23% early in the morning and 35% at both timing, 62% used the horizontal tooth brushing method and the rest 38% used the vertical method. None of the screened children practiced dental flossing.Conclusion: Despite the daily oral hygiene practiced by the majority of children in the sample , mild gingivitis was prevalent therefore parents ,caregivers& teachers should be targeted during oral health education campaigns to encourage them to teach the correct tooth brushing habits to the children. We suggest that school based oral health promotion and education programmes should be instituted to give positive reinforcement of the oral hygiene practices the child may have learnt at home and to educate those who had never brushed their teeth before starting primary school.
تقييم الأداء المالي باستخدام بعض مؤشرات الربحية والسوق دراسة حالة في عينة من الشركات المدرجة في سوق العراق للأوراق المالية
Authors: جدوع مخلد , جياس محمد
Published: August 2022

تدور فكرة البحث في جوهرها حول تقييم الأداء المالي لعينة من الشركات المساهمة في ضوء بعدي الربحية والسوق طبقا لعدد من المؤشرات المالية الشائعة الاستعمال في هذا الخصوص, ومن ثم معرفة مدى نجاح تلك الشركات في تحقيق الموازنة بين البعدين المذكورين بوصفهما أهدافا أساسية يكفل تحقيقها الارتقاء بمستوى الأداء المالي للشركات, يهدف هذا البحث الى بيان الأداء المالي في كل من مؤشرات الربحية والسوق (التقييم) للشركات المدروسة والمدرجة في سوق العراق للأوراق المالية، وبيان الدور المهم الذي يلعبه هذا النشاط في الشركات عينة البحث وتحليل مستوى الربحية والسوق ومدى فاعلية الإجراءات المتبعة لتعظيم الأرباح، وكذلك محاولة التوصل الى نتائج علمية وعملية من شانها أن تساعد متخذ القرار المالي في الشركات المبحوثة على تقصي طبيعة العلاقة بين تقييم الأداء ومؤشرات الربحية والسوق, جرى تطبيق البحث على عينة من الشركات والبالغ عددها (20) شركة عراقية مدرجة في سوق العراق للأوراق المالية, وتوصل البحث الى جملة من الاستنتاجات والتوصيات وكان أهمها: أن عدم استقرار البيئة الخارجية والمقترنة بالبيئة الاقتصادية للشركات المبحوثة يؤدي الى تقلبات حتمية في ربحيتها لربما تعرضها الى الخسارة أو الإفلاس, وكانت ابرز التوصيات على الشركات أن توفر نظام ضبط داخلي لتقييم الأداء المالي، وان يعمل على مراجعة وتقييم هذا النظام بشكل دوري (شهري أو فصلي) وذلك للتأكد من ملائمة وفاعلية الأداء.
Effect of Pre-hole Diameter on Bushing Dimensions for Friction Drilling Process of A6063-T6 Aluminum Alloy
Authors: Nama Sami , Namer Nassri , Abdullah Isam
Published: August 2022

Friction drilling is a non-conventional method for hole making in thin sheet metals. It depends on many parameters regarding the tool conical angle, process conditions and material parameters. In this work, the effect of process conditions and pre-drill diameter on temperature, drilling force, bushing height and bushing thickness of A6063-T6 aluminum alloy were studied. It was found that adding a pre-hole to the plate helps in obtaining uniform bushing thickness and reduces the heat and force required to perform the process.
Effect of Load Impedance on the Performance of Microwave Negative Resistance Oscillators
Authors: Al-Raie Firas , Jasim Suhad
Published: August 2022

In microwave negative resistance oscillators, the RF transistor presents impedance with a negative real part at either of its input or output ports. According to the conventional theory of microwave negative resistance oscillators, in order to sustain oscillation and optimize the output power of the circuit, the magnitude of the negative real part of the input/output impedance should be maximized. This paper discusses the effect of the circuit’s load impedance on the input negative resistance and other oscillator performance characteristics in common base microwave oscillators. New closed-form relations for the optimum load impedance that maximizes the magnitude of the input negative resistance have been derived analytically in terms of the Z-parameters of the RF transistor. Furthermore, nonlinear CAD simulation is carried out to show the deviation of the large-signal optimum load impedance from its small-signal value. It has been shown also that the optimum load impedance for maximum negative input resistance differs considerably from its value required for maximum output power under large-signal conditions. A 1.8 GHz oscillator circuit has been designed and simulated using a typical SiGe hetero-junction bipolar transistor (HBT) to verify the proposed approach of analysis.
Laparoscopic Sleeve Gastrectomy versus Greater Curve Plication in Management of Morbid Obese Patients with Hiatus Hernia
Authors: Kandel Ahmed M. , Deabes Shawky M. , Abo Mera Mohamed E.
Published: August 2022

Introduction and Aim: Laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy (LSG) considered the gold standard for management of morbid obesity, but, it has serious complications. Laparoscopic greater curvature plication (LGCP) is a restrictive procedure to lower the complications of LSG with the advantage of being a reversible procedure. The current work was designed to compare between Laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy and greater curve plication in management of morbid obese patients with hiatus hernia.

Methodology: This study included 40 morbidly obese patients with hiatal hernia, who underwent laparoscopic Nissen Fundoplication with Greater Curvature Plication (Group A) or Laparoscopic Crural Repair with Sleeve Gastrectomy (Group B).

Results: Vomiting was the most common postoperative complaint. Two out of 20 patients (10%) In cases of LGCP developed prolonged nausea, vomiting and sialorrhea for 5 and 7 days but subsided subsequently with antiemetics, proton pump inhibitors, and prokinetics. Intraoperative hemorrhage in two cases of LGCP, Two out of 20 patients (10%) In cases of LGCP developed prolonged nausea, vomiting and sialorrhea for 5 and 7 days but subsided subsequently with antiemetics, proton pump inhibitors, and prokinetics. Four patients of 20 patients (20%) In cases of LGCP developed weight regain and sleeve gastrectomy revision was obtained by performing re-laparoscopy.

Conclusion: LSG is a better procedure than LGCP as the most important disadvantage of Laparoscopic gastric plication are that it causes a high rate of recurrence and occurrence of early postoperative complaints.
Relationship Between CD4+ Cell with GenExpert Molecular Mycobacterium tuberculosis Test in HIV/AIDS patients
Authors: Gita Islami Al’fira , Fajrunni'mah Rizana , Mirawati Mega
Published: August 2022

CD4+ cells in HIV/AIDS patients is an examination that serves to monitor the regulation of the immune system. HIV/AIDS patients experience a decrease in the number of CD4+ cells which results in various opportunistic infections, one of which is caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. This study aims to determine the relationship between the results of CD4+ cell with GenExpert Molecular Mycobacterium tuberculosis Test. This study was based on an analytic observational cross-sectional design on 53 samples of HIV/AIDS patients at Budhi Asih Hospital. Data analyze using Fisher Exact statistical test with α = 0.05. The result showed percentage CD4+ cells <200 with positive TCM result 48 (86,4%). CD4+ cells >200 with GenExpert positif result 0 (0,0%). The results showed that there was no relationship between CD4+ cell examination and TCM GenExpert MTB examination in HIV/AIDS patients (p = 0.574). From the result we can conclude that maybe other infection has happened.