bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The problem of international legal status of the Caspian Sea
Authors:   Bakı Dövlət Universiteti, Ceyhun qızı Qasımova Əminə
Published: April 2021

İnternational legal status of Caspian Sea has long been a controversial subject among littoral states. Determining a status of the Caspian Sea as a lake, a sea, or a specific body of water, also, specifying the international legal status and regime caused disagreement among the five Caspian Sea littoral states. As a result, it made more tough to resolve the issue of the legal status of the Caspian Sea. On August 12, 2018, the Convention on the Legal Status of the Caspian Sea was signed by the leaders of the Caspian littoral states in Aktau, Kazakhstan. Although this convention did not fill all the necessary gaps, it eliminated a historical problem. The main point of the convention is the naming of the Caspian Sea "a watershed surrounded by the coastal areas of the parties." The use of the term "Sea" is only conditional. Key words: Caspian Sea, Enclosed Sea, Semi-enclosed Sea, İnternational Lake, İnternational Legal Status, İnternational Legal Regime, Territorial Sea, Exclusive Economic Zone.
History of the development of epistolary style: from the past to the present
Authors:   Bakı Dövlət Universiteti, Əflatun qızı Pirəliyeva Elnurə
Published: April 2021

The first example of epistolary style in world literature is Horace`s Letter to the Pisons. It has been used in the history of Azerbaijani literature in three genres of epistolary style: verse letter, literary letter and open letter. The first example of a poetic letter is in the works of G. Tabrizi in the 11th century by M.F.Akhundov. We meet withopen letters in Akhundov`s works. Open letter is a genre of literary criticsm, verse letter and literary letter are genres of literary criticism. Key words: criticism, epistolary style, verse letter, literary letter, open letter
Diplomatic relations between the United States and China Under Obama
Authors:   Bakı Dövlət Universiteti, Musa qızı Hüseynova Jalə
Published: April 2021

This article discusses the political developments between the United States and China. It is based on the important political processes that took place between the two countries during the Obama administration in 2008-2016. At the same time, the impact of the meetings held by the leaders of both countries on relations was explained. In addition, the article discusses joint cooperation in solving global problems. Key words: diplomatic relations, USA, China, global challenges, confrontation
The imrovement of social allowance perspectives on social security law
Authors:   Bakı Dövlət Universiteti, Eldəniz qızı Şirinova Səbinə
Published: April 2021

This article accounts for the idenfication of perspectives of the enhancement of the social law regarding the social assistance payments. Enhacing citizens' social welfare, creating the environment for the fulfillment of their material and spiritual needs and solving the issues related to the social security are the priorities of the social policy of the Republic of Azerbaijan. Over the recent years the successful uptrend of development has been maintained in all directions, the application of all social programmes, enhancement of citizens' social security, involving socially sensitive groups of citizens in the social care of the government, the security of their labor rights, the arrangement of active employment events and dedicated acts in other fields, pension and social distribution, the reforms regarding the enhancement of medical-social examination systems have been proceeded successfully. In this regard, we consider that some changes to the legislative statements regarding the social assistance payments should be done. As social assistance payments have a dynamic nature, regular enhancements on the legislative statements should be done. Key words: social services, enforcement of citizen's social welfare, social assistance payments, the perspectives of enhancing the law regarding social assistance payments
THE ROLE OF INTERNATIONAL MONETARY FUND IN ECONOMIC RELATIONS
Authors:   Baku State University, Polad Mammadova Zarifa
Published: April 2021

The International Monetary Fund (IMF) is an international organization that plays an important role in regulating the economy and aims to prevent the economic crisis by providing various loans to many developing countries. At the same time, one of the IMF's priority goals is to reduce poverty. The article clarifies the issues related to the regulation of economic relations between the IMF and its consequences, as well as examines the legal and factual aspects of this regulation. Key words: The International Monetary Fund, organization, governance, surveillance, financial and technical functions, poverty reduction
The existence of words in Chakhol monuments
Authors:   AMEA Nəsimi adına Dilçilik İnstitutu, İnqlab qızı İsmayılova Tünzalə
Published: April 2021

Chakhol monuments are included in the Yenisei monuments. The name of the monument is associated with the name of the river of the same name, which flows into the Yenisei River. The number of Chakhol monuments is 11. The monument contains Turkish and borrowed lyrics. Words of Turkish origin predominate in the monument. Since the monument does not reflect historical events, it has been studied by more linguists. Key words: The old İnscriptions, Yenisei İnscriptions, Chakhol monuments, words, lexicology
The stylistic status of the Direct Address in the book of “Genesis”
Authors:   AMEA Nəsimi adına Dilçilik İnstitutu, Vüqar qızı Əsgərli Xəyal
Published: April 2021

“Genesis” is the first book of the Torah, the oldest religious material of the Jews.The book of Genesis describes the creation of the first man and the ancestors of the nation of Israel. At the same time, this book gives us information about the structure and characteristics of the ancient Hebrew language. Direct Address plays an important role in communication. Addresses are used at the beginning, middle and end of a sentence, however there is no difference in meaning. This article is given the types of direct adress in the book, the content of their stylistic qualities. There have also been explained the issues of homogeneity and stylistic repetition of Addresses. Key words: genesis, adresses, old hebrew, stylistic-expressive functions
Legal basis of parliamentary elections in the Republic of Azerbaijan
Authors:   Bakı Dövlət Universiteti, Ceyhun qızı Qasımova Aysel
Published: April 2021

As in other democratic states, parliamentary elections are the most regular form of citizen participation in the management of the state and public life in the Republic of Azerbaijan. Also, parliamentary elections are a mechanism that ensures the transparency of state power and facilitates the legalization of this area. The democratic and free conduct of elections, which is an expression of people’s will, depends on the socio-political stability in the country and the existence of norms that legally regulate the conduct of these elections. In this sense, the Constitution of the Republic of Azerbaijan and the Election Code are the main acts regulating election law relations. These legal acts create methods for the democratic conduct of elections, including parliamentary elections in the Republic of Azerbaijan, Key words: elections, suffrage, majoritarian election system, voter signature, election commission.
WHAT IS DEMOCRACY AND HOW HAS IT CHANGED OVER TIME?
Authors:   Baku Slavic University, Vidadi Jafarov Farid
Published: April 2021

Democracy is one of the fundamental priorities of modern civil societies and the mainstay of nations and governments. Some people believe that democracy was born in United States. But democracy was born thousands years ago in Ancient Greek. Today democracy is only alternative choice against authoritarian and repressive regimes emerges as one of the most eligible mode of administration. In this article, we will look at the types of democracies and how democracy has changed from first version to present version. Also, why philosophers’ divided on democracy? Key words: history, democracy, magna carta, turks, vikings, middle ages, modern democracy
The “Sufi” Portrait in the Giovio Series
Authors:   ANAS The Institute of Architecture and Art  Phd in art studies, associate professor, Vugar Aliyev Elshad , Tahir Abbasova Mehbara ,   Azerbaijan State University of Culture and Art lecturer
Published: April 2021

Founded in 1501, the Safavid state and the young leader of this state, Shah Ismail I, attracted the attention of European aristocratic dynasties, kings and religious leaders. Ambassadors, diplomats and merchants sent from Europe to Azerbaijan conveyed various information about Ismail to their homeland, and later these records and sources were published in books, albums and memoirs. Gradually, engravings and paintings depicting Ismail Safavid appeared in the European fine arts. Unfortunately, the descriptions of Shah Ismail I in the European visual arts have not been sufficiently studied. It is known that the portrait, taken as the standard of appearance of Ismail the First, was exhibited at the Paolo Giovio Museum in Como. The article examines the activities of Paolo Giovio, his famous museum and the portrait of "Sufi" in Giovio's collection. Key words: Shah Ismayil, Paolo Giovio, Italian art, portrait painting, Museum of Como, Safavid period
The ideas of child play in the creative activities of writers from Nakhchivan
Authors:   Naxçıvan Dövlət Universiteti, Rza qızı İsmayılova Nəzakət
Published: April 2021

This scientific article focuses on plays written only in regard to child literature by writers from Nakhchivan. Works written by some writers such as J.Mammadguluzada, A.Abbasov, A.Yadigar, Tofig Mutallibov, K.Agayeva, B.Iskandarli, Z.Vedili, T.Seyidov, S.Djanbakhshiyev etc are involved in research. Plays for children are the most important field in terms of influencing child's inner world and forming child's mindset. Considering these fact we can say that plays written by writers from Nakhchivan have great impact on the literal- aesthetical education of young generation. The dramaturgy of child and the youth has entered a new phase of development since 1960. Over these years the theme of child dramaturgy has so expanded that it has started to play a marked role in the education of young generation.In this field Puppet theatre named after Mammad Tagi Sidgi and Nakhchivan State Child theatre has immense services. Top priorities of these theatre are works written on a basis of Azerbaijan folk fairy tales. The recording of fairy tales are crucially important in this time when there is a considerable decline in book reading habits and fairy tales are getting forgotten gradually. The opportunities of this field in the enlightenment of children are extensive. Key words: Nakhchivan, dramaturgy, child, literature, play, spectacle
IMPORTANCE OF YOUTH EDUCATION
Authors:   Baku State University, Ganbarali Javadova Hormat , Ganbarali Khanbabayeva Gulzar ,   Baku State University
Published: April 2021

The article discusses the important role of education in human life. It talks about the values and directions of education in the lives of young people. It notes that the education generally provides the people with knowledge and skills. It plays a major role in shaping the personality of young people. Education is essential for every individual to succeed in life. In short, education is a guide from darkness to the light. It emphasizes that education is vital to the healthy growth and development of one’s personality. Key words: education, youth, society, knowledge, communication, generation
Historical traces of Cımmerıans in Azerbaijani-Turkic onomastics
Authors:   Naxçıvan Dövlət Universiteti, Əli qızı Hacıyeva Qalibə
Published: April 2021

Ethnonyms and historical-geographical names that reflect the names of these ethnoses are also part of the language's interesting vocabulary groups. Without etnonyms or toponyms, it is impossible to get detailed information about the formation of any people. That is why ethnotoponyms in the onomastic system of language are considered to be the oldest lexical units. It is clear from the studies that the history of the origin of many ethnotoponyms belonging to the Turkic language is older than the history of written monuments belonging to this language. Each nation has given its name to the geographical objects since its formation, or named them with words belonging to its own language. As a result, each toponym, is a product of a certain period and keeps the traces of history. Avshar, Az, Alpout, Bayat, Bayandir, Cagatay, Chepni, Chinchavat, Chul, Khalaj, Khurs, Kulus, Kechili, Kangar, Mugan, Garakhanli, Kipchak, Padar, Pechenek, Turkesh, Sag, Sungur, Suvar, Oguz, Uz and hundreds of other such ethnotoponyms bear traces of ancient time in the modern stage of Azerbaijan toponymy.. Among these ethnotoponyms, the Cimmerians // Gamarli tribe is one of the tribes that bear the traces of history in Azerbaijani-Turkic onomastics as both ethnotoponyms (Gamardash-mountain in Lachin region; Gamarvan-village in the administrative-territorial unit of Gabala region; Gamarvan - river in Gabala region, Gamarli-region in Armenia) and anthroponyms (Gamar - person's name; Gamarli-surname). Key words: Azerbaijan, Turkic, onomastics, Cimmerians, Gamarli, ethnonym, toponym
Technologies of active teaching methods at work with children with disabilities
Authors:   Azərbaycan Dövlət Pedaqoji Universiteti, Şıxbala oğlu Məlikov Məlik
Published: April 2021

The article discusses the technologies of active teaching methods used when working with children with disabilities. It is concluded that in inclusive education it is possible to use technologies of active teaching methods, consisting of information and communication technologies, when working with children with disabilities. At the same time, the teacher must learn to choose active teaching methods depending on the subject, age, individual characteristics of students, adapt to the content of educational materials, the purpose of the lesson, not take into account their professional level, interact with parents and not meet with support specialists. the importance of. Key words: inclusive education model. children with disabilities, active learning methods, learning technologies, analytical activities, pedagogical problem
The concept of hate speech - a comparative analysis of the approaches of the Council of Europe and the European Court of Human Rights
Authors:   Bakı Dövlət Universiteti, Rəfail qızı Ələsgərova Gülnaz
Published: April 2021

Providing an opportunity for society to develop and progress, freedom of speech is surely one of the vital conditions for sustainable democracy. Nevertheless, freedom of speech is not an absolute right and exhaustive list of limitations are delineated by many jurisdictions. In Europe as well it is still subject to accepted restrictions designed to prohibit incitement to hatred or conflict with other human rights. This article discusses approaches to hate speech as a legitimate ground for restriction of freedom of speech. The article is dedicated to a comparative analysis of the case law of the ECHR and the provisions of the Recommendations adopted in the framework of the Council of Europe. In particular, the author tries to find a clear distinction between speech that is not welcome by the majority of society and the prohibition of hate speech. Key words: freedom of speech, hate speech, standards of Council of Europe, European Court on Human Rights, context of speech, call for violence
Working on text as a key point in learning rfl
Authors:   Бакинский славянский университет, Гамидулла гызы Магомедгасан заде Aркиназ
Published: April 2021

Reading is an important type of speech activity that needs to be taught to foreigners at the initial stage of learning the Russian language. The use of literary texts in the process of teaching Russian to foreigners has a multifaceted nature. At the same time, the literary text acts as a source of linguistic knowledge and material for improving receptive skills in reading as a type of speech activity. Fiction is widely used in the disclosure of regional problems, aiming students at a deeper comprehension of the theoretical foundations of the culture of the country of the target language. Key words: RFL, teaching methods, work on the text, foreign student, literary text
Categories of gender and number and infinitive in Arabic borrowings in the modern Spanish language
Authors:   Azərbaycan Dillər Universiteti, Baladadaş qızı İbadova Lalə
Published: April 2021

The article called “Category of the gender and number and infinitive in Arabic borrowings in the modern Spanish language” issues of relative gender and number of Spanish words of Arabic origin. It is pointed out that the number of words in the sourse language may not always coinside with the same parameters of the language accepting these borrowings. Alsa cases of hesetations, relatively connected with this problem are also considered. Infinitives of the first, second and the fourth nature of infinitives are studied as well in the article. The article partially reflects the consideration of the given scientific problem. Key words: morphological indications, formal gender category, regular plural, internal plural
Research on the prospects of modern development of the Azerbaijani state language
Authors:   Azərbaycan Dövlət İqtisad Universiteti (UNEC), Məhərrəm qızı Hacıyeva Sevinc
Published: April 2021

As a factor proving the identity of a people, language is one of the main attributes of the state established by that nation. After Azerbaijan gained its independence, the state's care for the Azerbaijani language increased. Although the Azerbaijani language, which first became the state language of the Safavids in the 16th century, was influenced by Persian and Russian over time, care for the Azerbaijani language increased after Azerbaijan gained independence. Today, many decrees and orders are being implemented in connection with the development of the Azerbaijani language. As a follower of the Heydar Aliyev tradition, Mr. Ilham Aliyev also pays special attention to the development of the Azerbaijani language. Key words: Azerbaijan, language, development, period, modern, classical
Fundamentals of criminal diagnosis
Authors:   DTX-nin Heydər Əliyev adına Akademiyası, Eyyub oğlu Cavadov Emil
Published: April 2021

The great interest of criminologists in diagnostic problems is due to the fact that diagnostics plays a special role in the evidentiary process both in criminal and civil cases. Forensic diagnostics has already become a scientific method for determining objective truth in criminal and civil cases, proving the presence or absence of certain facts. In investigative and judicial practice, investigative actions are often carried out in connection with the identification of objects. For example, identification of a person, corpse, or object. Most of them are forensic medical examinations related to identification. Forensic experts conduct identification and give critical opinions in a criminal case to solve a crime and identify the culprit. Forensic diagnostics training is of general theoretical importance for forensic medicine. At the same time, it is of great importance for the evidence-based theory of criminal justice. Forensic diagnostics finds its practical application at all stages of the investigation, that is, it is necessary and widely used at all stages of the collection of evidence. Key words: Forensics, diagnostics, forensic science, expertise, identification
Some lexical features of dialectal zones in Karakalpakstan
Authors:   Бердақ номидаги Қорақалпоқ Давлат Университети Нукус, Озбекистон, Юсупбаевна Мадаминова Рана
Published: April 2021

From the above it can be concluded that the influence of regional dialects in one area is an important factor in the development of the lexicon of Uzbek dialects. Such influence and lexical nourishment may be somewhat more intense in Uzbek dialects that are far from the literary center and surrounded by or familiar with other languages. It goes without saying that such connections cannot be made directly between different dialect regions that are far apart in terms of area. Because each or each group of Uzbek dialects has its own unique and appropriate distribution areas for a long time. Part of the peculiarities of the Dialect trail is related to this boundary, their distribution, location - area, which appeared and developed only in this area. In addition, as a result of observing the dialects of the area, a dialect area may not always be a constant latitude, but may cover a dialect, a village or several villages in the area. So, we have seen that the Uzbeks living in Karakalpakstan use words and phrases typical of the Kipchak and Yuguz dialects. Dialectal area covers very large areas. In general, it shows that the Turkic peoples are blood relatives and brothers. Key words: literary language, dialect, area, local language, comparative historical foundations, grammatical form, scientific classification
Historical factors in the formation of the Azerbaijani state language and the modern Azerbaijani language
Authors:   Azərbaycan Dövlət İqtisad Universiteti (UNEC), Çingiz qızı Həsənova Şəfəq
Published: April 2021

Historical factors in the formation of the state language of Azerbaijan and the modern Azerbaijani language Each of them plays an important role in the formation of language. Thus, the development and emergence of a language, its vocabulary, harmony and so on. due to many internal and external factors. Thus, the role of historical, cultural, socio-political events in the enrichment of the language is undeniable. Although the Azerbaijani language belongs to the Turkic Oghuz group, it has enriched the vocabulary by taking different words from these languages, as it has socio-historical and political-cultural relations with the Persian, Arabic, Russian and European peoples at the stage of historical development. Elece also gained a unique dialect among the Turkic peoples. Key words: Azerbaijan, language, development, history, factor, modern
Cognitive activity as an important element of the educational process in a modern school
Authors:   АГПУ Азербайджанский государственный педагогический колледж, Фарман гызы Багирова Фируза
Published: April 2021

The activation of the cognitive activity of students is one of the urgent problems at the present level of development of pedagogical theory and practice. In the process of cognition, such forms of mental activity as foresight, imagination, intuition are involved. They are based on accumulated knowledge and make it possible to predict the further development of objects and phenomena of the surrounding reality. It is necessary to activate the cognitive activity of students and increase interest in learning at every stage of any lesson, using various methods, forms, and types of work for this: a differentiated approach to children, individual work in the lesson, various didactic, illustrative handouts, technical teaching aids, and others. Key words: modern pedagogy, cognition, lesson, cognitive activity, psychology
Mechanisms for Cooperation of the European Union
Authors:   AMEA Şərqşünaslıq İnstitutu, İbrahim qızı Cəfərli Ramilə
Published: April 2021

The article deals with mechanisms for cooperation of the European Union with nations considered from the scientific point of' view. The author analyzes the details of the European Union technical assistance program for CIS couintries, its aims and positions in the frame of TACIS. Each candidate country that intends to get European Union membership has to follow the common principle and standards. But sometimes in addition to the membership obligations EU member states attitude to the candidate countries may playe great role to get the final result. The article analyzes different European countries attitude to Turkey’s membership as one of the barriers that Turkey faces in the frame of Turkey integration policy to EU. This is explained by the complexity of project co-ordination between the countries in the region, and the economic and political systems in transition countries. Thus, the desire of the commission to use the TACIS program as a tool for regional co-operation and the settlement of existing conflicts corresponds to the existing reality. İn this context, the Nagorno-Karabakh region of Azerbaijan is a clear example of TACIS programs. The expansion of the Armenian TACIS program to Nagorno-Karabakh has been denied by the European Union as it has no consensus by the Azerbaijani government. Key words: European Union, South Caucasus, Central Asia, cooperation mechanisms, economy, politics
Onomastic units in the literary language of Samad Vurgun
Authors:   Azərbaycan Dövlət Pedaqoji Universiteti, Yusif qızı Salifova Aytəkin
Published: April 2021

Onomastic units mean a special number. This field is one of the focus areas of research in modern Azerbaijani linguistics. Special attention is paid to the development of onomastic units in the literary language of our great poet S.Vurgun, who played an exceptional role in the enrichment of the Azerbaijani language. Each of the onomastic units was skillfully used in the work of S.Vurgun. Research shows that our artists used the appellation of words when naming images. This is clearly reflected in the literary language of S.Vurgun. In S.Vurgun's poem, the names are arranged according to the descriptive situation of the event. Key words: onomastics, anthroponym, toponym, ethnonym, hydronym, ctematonym, cosmonym, zoonym, appellation, semantic
Análisis global de la dinámica del sistema de bicicletas compartidas de la Ciudad de Medellín "EnCicla"
Authors: Soto Forero Daniel , Rodriguez Alexis
Published: April 2021

In this article we analyze the BSS of the city of Medellin - Colombia called “EnCicla”. The objective is to know the overall behavior of the system to be able to identify the most used hours, the most used stations and the types of behavior that occur. Data on the operation of the system has been collected, with which processing and analysis has been carried out categorized by location and time slots. With the data collected and the statistical analysis performed identified the critical stations within the system, the patterns of behavior of each of them, the peak hours, the maximum, minimum and variability of occupancy on average; which generates the challenge to model, simulate and improve the functioning of the system, as well as evaluating operating policies and its implementation.
YÜKSƏK TƏZYİQLİ SİYİRTMƏLƏRDƏ SİPƏRİN RESURSUNUN ARTIRILMASINDA YENİ MATERİAL SEÇİMİ İLƏ BAĞLI TƏDQİQATLARIN NƏTİCƏLƏRİ
Authors: Elman Əliyev Elman Əliyev , İbrahim Həbibov İbrahim Həbibov , Zöhrə Abıyeva Zöhrə Abıyeva
Published: April 2021

Neft-mədən avadanlıqlarının resursunun artırılması və maya dəyərinin azaldılması müasir neft-maşınqayırma sənayesinin prioretit sahələrdəndir. Mədən təcrübəsindən məlumdur ki, siyirtmələrin 50%-dən çoxu, sipərlərin səthinin korroziya və yeyilməsi səbəbindən intensiv təmirə məruz qalır. Məqalədə siyirtmə sipərinin işçi səthinin xrom-molibden tərkibli poladın tətbiqi ilə yeyilməyə qarşı davamlığının artırılmasında istifadə olunan texnoloji tədbirlərin nəticələri əks olunmuşdur.
Müəyyən edilmişdir ki, tətbiq olunan texnologiyanın köməkliyi ilə sipərlərdə sürtünməyə qarşı müqaviməti öz analoqun ilə müqayisədə 1,2-1,3 dəfə artır və sürtünmə əmsalı 10-15% azalır.
Açar sözlər: yüksək təzyiqli siyirtmə, sipər, xrom-molibden tərkibli polad, bərklik, sürtünmə.
LONGITUDINAL SHIFT OF THE BINDER AND INCLUSIONS OF
A COMPOSITE WEAKENED BY TWO-PERIODIC RIGHT LINEAR CRACKS
Authors: Rafail Mehdiev Rafail Mehdiev , Alekber Mehdiev Alekber Mehdiev
Published: April 2021

In this paper, we consider antiplane deformation for an isotropic elastic material consisting of an infinite system of parallel identical circular cylindrical fibers covered with a uniform cylindrical film uniformly covering the surface of each fiber and a bonding medium weakened by a doubly periodic system of rectilinear cracks. Each washer has a centrally located crack that is less than the diameter of the washer. The presented stresses and their displacements are expressed in terms of an analytical function.
For the solution, the well-known position is used that the displacement in the case of an antiplane shear is a harmonic function. A known representation of the solution in each area is applied through the corresponding complex analytical function. Three analytic functions are represented by Laurent series. Satisfying the boundary condition on the contours of holes and crack faces, the problem is reduced to two infinite algebraic systems with respect to the sought coefficients and to two singular integral equations with a Cauchy-type kernel. Then the singular integral equation is reduced to a finite algebraic system of equations by the Multopp – Kalandia method. The procedure for calculating the stress intensity coefficients is given. The numerical implementation of the described method is given at IBM. The results of calculations of the critical load depending on the crack length and elastic geometric parameters of the perforated medium are presented.
Keywords: isotropically elastic material, doubly periodic lattice, rectilinear cracks, stress intensity factor, mean stresses, critical load, circular hole, longitudinal shear.
ГОРЯЧЕЕ ПРЕССОВАНИЕ ПЛАВЛЕНОГО КВАРЦА
Authors: Вургун Гахраманов Вургун Гахраманов
Published: April 2021

В статье описан метод горячего прессования плавленого кварца при температурах ниже точки плавления и области расстекловывания. Этот метод позволяет изготовить высокоплотные изделия из плавленого кварца. В статье показана справедливость уравнения скорости горячего прессования для описанного процесса, т.е. зависимости уплотнения от вязкости и исходной плотности прессуемого материала, времени и величины приложенного давления.
Ключевые слова: вязкость, прессование, температура, кварц, закалка, давление, уплотнение.
YÜKSƏK TƏZYİQLİ DÜZAXINLI SİYİRTMƏLƏRİNİN TƏKAMÜL PROSESİNİN TƏHLİLİ
Authors: Camaləddin Aslanov Camaləddin Aslanov , Zöhrə Abıyeva Zöhrə Abıyeva
Published: April 2021

Məqalə fontan armaturunun düzaxınlı siyirtmələrinin inkişafının təkamül mərhələlrinin dəyişmə qanunauygunluğunun öyrənilməsinə həsr edilmişdir. Müəyyən edilmişdir ki, düzaxınlı siyirtmələrin konstruktiv quruluşunun müasir səviyyəsi özünün mükəmməl səviyyə¬sinə çatmaqdadır. Buna baxmayaraq siyirtmələrin material təhcizatı baxımdan müsir səviyyə¬yə çatdırlması üçün onların aşağı və ya yüksək temperturlarda yeyilməyə davamlı, yüngül çəkiyə malik materiallardan hazırlanması aktuallıq kəsb edir.
Açar sözlər: fontan armaturu, düzaxınlı siyirtmə, təkamül, yeyilmə.
FLİKKER-SƏS SPEKTROSKOPİYASI METODUNDAN İSTİFADƏ EDƏRƏK MÜVƏQQƏTİ STOXASTİK SIRALARIN GÜC SPEKTRİNİN ÇOXMƏRHƏLƏLİ QİYMƏTLƏNDİRİLMƏSİ
Authors: Rəbiyyə Nəcəfquliyeva Rəbiyyə Nəcəfquliyeva
Published: April 2021

Furyenin korrelyasiya funksiyasının çevrilməsinə əsaslanan müvəqqəti stoxastik sıraların spektral analizi dalğalı dinamiki proseslərin tədqiqində ən çox istifadə olunan fenomenoloji yanaşmalardan birini təsvir edir. İşdə sıranın qeyri-müntəzəm elementləri üçün spektro-skopiyanın flikker-səs metodundan istifadə edilərək səsli qeyri-stasionar müvəqqəti sıranın çox mərhələli spektral qiymətlərinin hesablama proseduru təklif olunur. Hesablama qaz lift kompressor stansiyasında istifadə olunan istilikdəyişdirici aparatda maksimum gərginliyin hesablanma nümunəsində həyata keçirilmişdir. Hesablamanın nəticələri aparat borularının periodik aerodinamiki qüvvələrindən həyəcanlanan və xüsusi törəmələrin xətti diferensial tənliyi ilə modelləşdirilmiş ədədi həllinin nəticələri ilə müqayisə olunur.
Açar sözlər: istilikdəyişdirici, vibrasiya, flikker-səs spektroskopiyası, çoxmərhələli spektral qiymətləndirmə.
QUYU ŞTANQLI NASOSLAR VASİTƏSİLƏ NEFTİN ÇIXARILMASI ÜÇÜN MANCANAQ DƏZGAHLARININ MÜVAZİNƏTLƏŞDİRİLMƏSİ
Authors: Züleyxa Eyvazova Züleyxa Eyvazova , Neman Ağazadə Neman Ağazadə
Published: April 2021

Elmi məqalədə mancanaq dəzgahlarının müvazinətləşdirilməsi məsələlərinə baxılmalıdır. Quyu ştanqlı nasos qurğusu (QŞNQ) ilə istismar olunan avadanlıqların təkmilləş¬dirilməsi məqsədilə mancanaq dəzgahının müxtəlif müvazinətləşdirmə hesablama¬larının. Təsdiq olunur ki, əgər mancanaq dəzgahı düzgün müvazinətləşdirilməzsə, onda o, normal iş prinsipi ilə işləyə bilməz və sürətli bir şəkildə tezliklə sıradan çıxar. Mancanaq dəzgahlarında müxtəlif müvazinət¬ləş-dirilmə üsulları tətbiq edilir: balansir müvazinət¬ləş¬dirilməsi, rotor müvazinət¬ləş¬dirilməsi, kombi-nəedilmiş müvazinətləşdirmə, pnevmatik müvazinətləş¬dirmə. Məqalədə ən geniş təıdbiq olunan balansir və rotor müvazinət¬ləşdirməyə baxılır. Müxtəlif manca¬naq dəzgahları üçün müvazinət¬ləşdirici yükün və ya onun qolunun təyini düsturları göstərilir.
Açar sözlər: quyu ştanqlı nasos qurğusu, avadanlıqların təkmilləşdirilməsi, mancanaq dəzgahları, balansir müvazinətləşdirilməsi, rotor müvazinətləşdirilməsi, kombinəedilmiş müvazi¬nət¬ləş¬dirilmə, çarxqolu.
MAYELƏRİN SÜRTÜNMƏ QANUNLARI İLƏ SÜZÜLMƏ QANUNLARININ ANALOGİYASI BARƏDƏ
Authors: Lalə Hacıyeva Lalə Hacıyeva
Published: April 2021

Məqalədə qeyd edilmişdir ki, təbiətdə reologiya elmində göstərildiyi kimi aşağıdakı müxtəlif xarakterli nyuton, qeyri-nyuton, özlü-plastik, dilatant və s. mayelər yayılmışdır. Bu mayelərin hər biri üçün sürtünmə qanunları, yəni nyutonun sürtünmə qanunu, Binqam Şvedovun sürtünmə qanunu, Maksvellin, Kessonun, Z.P.Şulmanın sürtünmə qanunları da təqdim edil¬miş-dir. Bu qanunların bir qisminə tabe olan süzülmə qanunlar yəni, Darsi Ümumiləşdirilmiş Darsi qanunu da təqdim edilmişdir; digərləri üçün süzülmə qanunları isə məlum deyildirlər.
Məqalənin müəlliflərindən biri tərəfindən bir yeni ideya irəli sürülmüşdür, bunun mahiyyəti ondan ibarətdir ki, mayelərin sürtünmə və süzülmə qanunlarının müəyyən analogiyası mövcuddur və buna əsasən bütün süzülmə qanunlarını təyin etmək mümkündür.
Açar sözlər: sürtünmə qanunu, süzülmə qanunu, analogiya, nyutonun sürtünmə qanunu, Darsi süzülmə qanunu, Binqam Şvedovun sürtünmə qanunu, Ümumiləşdirilmiş Darsi süzülmə qanunu, Kessonun sürtünmə qanunu, Şulmanın sürtünmə qanunu.
РАЗРАБОТКА СОСТАВА МАТЕРИАЛОВ И СПОСОБЫ ПОЛУЧЕНИЯ ИЗ НИХ УПЛОТНИТЕЛЕЙ ДЛЯ УЗЛОВ НАСОСОВ
Authors: Афет Джафарова Афет Джафарова
Published: April 2021

В статье рассматривается железо-чугунный порошковый композиционный материал для изготовления уплотнителей, используемых в узлах трения насосов. Подчеркнута необходимость выбора порошка специального чугуна при получении таких типов композитов. В качестве такого чугунного порошка был выбран специальный серый чугун с междендритным точечным графитом. Представлены химический состав и свойства специального чугуна, а также пяти шихт порошковых композитов, получен-ных холодным прессованием и спеканием для уплотнителей нососов. Омечено что, так как уплотнители должны обладать специальной герметичностью, спеченные железо-чугунные композиты необходимо подвергать последующему уплотнению.
Ключевые слова: железо-чугун, композиция, междендритный точечный графит, перлит, химический состав, прочность, порошковая шихта.
KƏMƏR BAŞLIĞININ KİPLƏŞDİRMƏ DÜYÜNÜNÜN TƏDQİQİ
Authors: Məhin Bağırova Məhin Bağırova , Yeganə Nəsirova Yeganə Nəsirova
Published: April 2021

Məqalədə quyuda qazmanı qurtardıqdan, istismar kəmərini endirib sementlədikdən, habelə kəmərdəki sement tıxacını qazıdıqdan sonra (sementin kəmər arxasında qalxma hündürlüyünü elektrik termometri ilə təyin edərkən kəmərdə sement tıxacı olduğu muəyyən edilərsə) quyuağzının avadanlıqla təchizi zamanı qoruyucu kəmərlərin asılması üçün istifadə olunan kəmər başlıqları, onların növləri və kipləşdirici elementinin tədqiqi barədə məlumat verilir.
Açar sözlər: kəmər başlığı, qoruyucu kəmər sarğısı, hermetiklik, paz, manjet, metal kipləndirici, asma – kipləndirmə.
Pateicības izpausmes folklorā psiholoģiskā kontekstā
Authors: Ančevska Ieva
Published: April 2021

The article examines the depiction of gratitude and related events in Latvian folklore through comparative evaluation. Gratitude is considered in a psychological context, comparing the attitude expressed in folklore with the findings of modern scientific research.
Gratitude is a concept that is usually associated with a relationship or a benefit, it is most often aimed outwards, dedicated to someone else, but at the same time, it creates a pleasant feeling within the person.
In modern psychology, gratitude is receiving more and more attention from researchers because its manifestations stimulate the formation of positive emotions and contribute to the improvement of the person’s overall well-being. Research and clinical studies in psychotherapy confirm that gratitude plays an important role in improving mental health and reducing depressive, destructive feelings. In turn, neuroscience research shows the potential of a grateful and positive attitude in strengthening psycho-emotional health and well-being in general.
In Latvian folklore, gratitude is depicted as an important part of ritual events, which helps to ensure a positive, balanced connection with the forces of nature, gods, and society. In folklore, the importance of gratitude is emphasised more when building family relationships or accepting various situations and occurrences in life.
In both psychological research and the practice of systemic therapy, as well as in folklore, gratitude appears as one of the most important values of interpersonal connection, which promotes the formation of harmonious relationships. Similar to the opinions of psychology, the folk world views emphasise the motivational role of gratitude in improving the quality of human life and health in general.
Tautas medicīnas materiāli latviešu folkloras krātuvē un pirmais periodiskais izdevums „Latviešu Ārste”
Authors: Smilgaine Una
Published: April 2021

Archives of Latvian Folklore (LFK) have possession of materials on traditional medicine from the second half of the 19th century to nowadays, more than 78646 folklore units in total. The traditional treatment or traditional medicine as a genre covers descriptions of diseases and their treatments, explanations of the causes of the illnesses, and data on remedies (plants, substances, physical items, techniques) and their application. Materials on traditional medicine differ in terms of the form of expression and the content, mostly depending on the personality of the informant or the recorder as well as the time of the recording. The greatest amount of the materials are located in the collections performed by schools in the 20s and 30s of the 20th century. Most often, these collections compile information on medical plants, less commonly – on the use of objects, substances, and products of animal origin in medical treatment. LFK individual archives and the Collection of Spells and Incantations [150] contain materials the richest in diversity. Materials on traditional medicine in these archives are structured differently, though they disclose wide context and ties to other genres within folklore. Recipes for humans, as well as animals, combine different substances and drugs available in pharmacies.
Materials on traditional medicine recorded in Archives of Latvian Folklore do not reflect traditional Latvian word of mouth inherited knowledge only, there are impacts caused by earlier written sources, including translations from German. The research of the first periodical published in Latvian, “Latvian Doctor” (Latviešu Ārste), shows that there are similarities with the earliest LFK materials in the style of expression, recipes mentioned, and units of measurement used. However, there are no direct rewrites from the “Latviešu Ārste” advice in the later materials of traditional medicine.
Trends in Contemporary Lithuanian Children’s Folklore Research
Authors: Macijauskaitė-Bonda Jurgita , Anglickienė Laima
Published: April 2021

Contemporary children’s folklore is interesting and dynamic as it covers both traditional and new genres and reflects present-day realia as well as younger children’s and adolescents’ psychological world. The aim of this article is to discuss major stages and trends in contemporary Lithuanian children’s folklore research. The present study is based on analytical descriptive, and comparative methods. In Lithuania, the research into children’s folklore was started quite late in comparison to many other countries. The first scholarly studies on traditional children’s folklore were published by Pranė Jokimaitienė in the second half of the 20th century, whereas the research into contemporary children’s folklore was undertaken only in the last decade of the 20th century on the initiative of the folklorist Gražina Skabeikytė-Kazlauskienė. After 1990, when folklore material’s collection from children and adolescents was started, the Archive of Ethnology and Folklore at the Department of Cultural studies at Vytautas Magnus University enlarged by many examples of contemporary Lithuanian folklore. At the beginning of the 21st century, the material’s systematisation, analysis, and publication started; a few dissertations on children’s and youth folklore were successfully defended. In 2013, the monograph Contemporary Schoolchildren’s Folklore (Šiuolaikinis moksleivių folkloras) was published.
Tautas deju definēšanas problemātika mūsdienās Latvijā
Authors: Gailīte Elīna
Published: April 2021

The article “Problems of defining folk dance in Latvia today” examines the aspects that affect the current situation in Latvia, where folk dances are understood as both folk dances that have not been modified by choreographers, dances passed down through generations that can be danced every day, and stage folk dances, which are a type of art performed by folk dance ensembles, created by choreographers and dances adapted to the stage performance. The research aim is to identify and describe the problems that currently exist in the Latvian cultural space, where the definition of folk dances creates tension in the public space and ambiguous opinions among dancers. Nowadays, it is possible to identify such concepts as, for example, folk dance, ethnographic dance, authentic dance, traditional dance, folklore dance, folk dance, folk dance adaptation, field dance, folk ballet, etc. Consistent use of concepts is rarely seen in the documents and research of cultural policymakers and the historical and contemporary works of choreographers and researchers. Often they are only described in general terms. A survey conducted in 2019 shows that dancers consider stage folk dances to be folk dances, and often this separation of dances is not important for them. Another problem is the designation of folk dance ensembles where stage folk dance dancers are dancing. The term misleads; it suggests that folk dances are danced there. However, this designation is linked to its historical time of origin. It is not insignificant that the stage folk dance is more popular, more visible, and massively represented at the Song and Dance Festival. Thus, a part of the society associates it with our folk dances.
Modal Difficulty in Medieval Literature Analysis: the Frame-Notation Correlation in Dante’s Quotations of Fibonacci
Authors: Bonda Moreno
Published: April 2021

The investigation of medieval literature poses a number of challenges, even to native speaker researchers. Such difficulties are related to (a) linguistic – syntactical and lexical – obstacles, (b) to the ability to recognise dense networks of interdisciplinary references and, (c) mainly to the cognitive challenges posed by “unfamiliar modes of expression”.
The aim of this research is to discuss a methodological approach to deal with these unusual manners of composition, technically known as modal difficulty, in medieval literature. The theoretic setting is represented by Davide Castiglione’s monographic study Difficulty in Poetry (2018) and the specific definition of modal difficulty elaborated by James E. Vincent in the premise of his treatise on American poetry (2003). A study case illustrative of challenges in medieval literature analysis has been chosen to illustrate the speculative reasoning: the references to the celebrated mathematician Leonardo Fibonacci (1170–1242) – known for having introduced the Arabic numbers to the Europeans – in Dante Alighieri’s Divine Comedy. Preliminarily, the author discusses unfamiliar mathematical notations implemented from the 13th to the 18th centuries. Subsequently, adopting cognitive linguistics principles and hermeneutic as methodological tools, several veiled citations of the mathematician’s cogitations – such as the chess comparison in Paradise XXVIII, 91–93 and the quadratic expression in Paradise XXVII, 115–117 – are deciphered and illustrated. The analysis of Dante’s cognitive frame indicates that the recourse to Fibonacci’s formulas is functional to depict the incommensurable multitude of the divine in words. In the conclusions, the case studied is adopted as a model to illustrate how the reflection on unusual forms of expression could be employed to investigate ancient literary texts. A preliminary analysis of the frame-notation relation could help, as an example, to recognise mathematical formulas that were expressed in a verbal and non-symbolic notation.
Jauna slota tīri slauka jeb muižnieka Bernharda Magnusa fon Vulfa tiesas prāva pret mācītāju Frīdrihu Danielu Vāru
Authors: Pērle-Sīle Ginta
Published: April 2021

The subject of this article is a court case between Aumeisteri nobleman Berhard Magnus von Wulf (1732–1784) and the minister of Palsmane and Aumeisteri parishes Friedrich Daniel Wahr (1749–1827) about the suspension of the minister from his duties from 1775 to 1779. The aim of the research is to approach the court case as evidence of the different opinions of several social groups where extreme colonial ideas in Vidzeme meet Enlightenment ideas from Western Europe. At the same time, the court case is a source of contextual information for a better understanding of the development of Wahr’s literary and folkloristic heritage.
The research is based on studies of documents found in the Latvian State History Archive that are approached using the culture-historical and comparative methods, thus trying to contextualize certain events in a specific place and time.
The results of the research show the Palsmane and Aumeisteri society as typical of the second part of the 18th century. The existence of specific social groups, particularism, and the implementation of colonial attitudes by the local nobility are also evident. The attitude of Wahr towards Latvian peasants shows the influence of Enlightenment, especially his efforts in education. The relationship between the parish and its minister incorporates evidence of a syncretic praxis with pagan and Christian traditions.
In the light of political events of that particular time, i. e. peasant rebels in Vidzeme, the court case allows Wulf’s accusations to be treated as an opportunity to decrease the implementation of Enlightenment ideas, thus safeguarding the local nobility’s power.
At the same time, the court case is a source of biographic, private, and daily life details. The broad range of the parish territory which was often challenging to navigate, the modest means of the minister, and distancing of the local nobility on the one hand, along with the influence of enlightenment ideas, on the other hand, are the most probable grounding for Wahr’s folkloristic and literary work.