bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Dermatomyositis in Children
Authors: SUNDE HANS
Published: January 2008

Two instances of dermatomyositis in children show the more important symptoms, with an acute remittent course in one case and a chronic course in the other.

Noting definite can be said about the etiology, but attention is called to streptococcus infection. Strikingly many cases appear to show increased antistreptolysin titers.

It is discussed whether dermatomyositis may be looked upon as secondary to certain infectious diseases, possibly a state of hypersensitiveness of the skin and muscles to some circulating antigen or bacterial product.

The treatment is symptomatic. Protection against infections during the course of the disease is important.

Resume

Deux cas de dermatomyosite chez des enfants montrent les symptômes les plus importants, avec un cours aigu rémittent dans un cas et un cours chronique dans ľautre.

Rien de définitif ne peut être dit au sujet de ľétiologie, mais on attire ľattention sur ľinfection par streptocoques. Un nombre remarquable de cas semblent montrer une eroissance de titre ?antistreptolysin.

On se demande si la dermatomyosite peut être considérée comme une maladie secondaire de certaines maladies infeetieuses, peut‐être une forme ?hypersensibilité de la peau et des muscles à quelque produit antigène ou bactérien ambulant.

Le traitement est symptômatique. II importe de protéger le malade contre les infections durant le cours de la maladie.

2 Beispiele von Dermatomyositis bei Kindern zeigen die wichtigsten Symptome mit akut remittierendem Verlauf in dem einen und chronisehem in dem andern Falle.

Über die Ätiologie kann nichts Definitives gesagt werden, es wurde aber die Aufmerksamkeit auf eine Streptokokken‐Infek‐tion gerichtet. Auffallend viele Fälle scheinen einen erhöhten Antistreptokokkentiter zu zeigen.

Es wird erortert, ob die Dermatomyositis als sekundär nach bestimmten Infektionskrankheiten, möglicherweise als ein Zu‐stand von Überempfindlichkeit der Haut und der Muskeln gegen irgendein zirkulierendes Antigen oder Bakterienprodukt angesehen werden kann.

Die Behandlung ist symptomatisch. Schutz vor Infektionen während des Krankheitsverlaufes ist wichtig.

Dos ejemplos de dermatomiositis infantil muestran los sín‐tomas importantes con un curso agudamente remitente en un caso y crónico en el otro.

No se puede decir nada definitivo en lo que se refiere a la etiología, pero se llama la atención sobre una infectión estrepto‐cócica. Es notable que muchos casos parecen demostrar un título aumentado de antiestreptolisina.

Se discute si se puede considerar la dermatomiositis como secundaria a ciertas enfermedades infecciosas, posiblemente un estado de liipersensibilidad de la epidermis y de los músculos con relatión a algún producto circulatorio antígeno o bactérico.

El tratamiento es sintomático. La protección contra infec‐ciones durante el curso de la enfermedad es importante.
Lntravascular Red Cell Aggregation in Newborn Infants with Infections
Authors: ARAJÄRVI T. , ZlLLlACUS H.
Published: January 2008

The blood stream can be directly observed in the conjunctival blood vessels with the aid of a stereo‐microscope at 40–100 x magnification. When this method of observation was applied in a large number of newborn infants during the first days or weeks of life it was noted that the blood stream in the small vessels and capillaries of the conjunctiva was even and ungranulated in completely healthy children. The red cells flowed along in even, single or double lines in both capillaries and para‐Capillaries. In the larger vessels, the blood stream was even and ungranulated. However, as soon as even very slight prodromal signs of infection appeared, a slight rise in the temperature, a lowering of the general condition, vomiting or abnormality of the stools; for instance, the circulating red cells began to form into clumps. In many cases, aggregation of the red cells was the first sign of infection to appear. The aggregating tendency was more pronounced when the infection was severe than when it was mild. The aggregation phenomenon was characterized by the fact that, in capillaries and paracapillaries, colourless spaces were observable between erythrocyte “carriages” of varying lengths. In vessels of larger calibre the blood stream was granulated. The rate of flow was decreased in all the vessels studied. As it is known from earlier investigations that the degree of red cell aggregation bears a certain relationship to the increased sedimentation rate of the red cells, intravascular aggregation in infants with infection may be regarded as a sedimentation reaction directly observed in vivo. Instead of using the microsedimentation reaction an early diagnosis of infection can be made by direct observation of the blood stream with a view to detecting the possible presence of red cell aggregation. This also holds good for premature babies. Cases of erythroblastosis foetalis and cases with extensive traumatic lesions (e.g. parturition injuries) form exceptions to this rule since they also display intravascular red cell aggregation.

Fifteen cases are described.
Re‐Infections with Measles: Familial Immunity Defect
Authors: THAMDRUP ERIK
Published: January 2008

Authentic communications about re‐infections with measles are rare. The writer reports a case of presumably fourth infection with measles in an 8‐year‐old boy who had also had whooping cough and German measles twice, and, further, recurring tonsillitis and “influenzal infections”. The patient's mother, 2 of her sisters and brothers, and a brother had had measles twice, the brother also whooping cough twice.

Examinations of the patient's serum proteins showed a normal content of total protein, albumin and globulin. The electrophoretic pattern was normal. Diphtheria and tetanus antitoxins could not be demonstrated in the patient's blood. Parotitis complement fixation < 4. Antibody against influenza A could be demonstrated. After vaccination against diphtheria and tetanus a normal formation and excretion of antitoxins was ascertained (followed for a year). The electrophoretic pattern remained unchanged. Previous communications and the anamnestic information received about this patient seem, however, to indicate that there are individuals who have a poor immunization capacity against measles (in this patient also against certain other infections), and that this is a constitutional hereditary property.
A Case of the Hand‐Schüller‐Christian Disease Treated with Cortisone1 (A Discussion of the Primary or Secondary Nature of the Lipold Deposits)
Authors: KARLÉN KARL‐HENRIK
Published: January 2008

Report of an 1 1/2 year old boy with Hand‐Schüller‐Christian disease. A dose of 3 mg cortisone per kg of body weight per day, injected intramuscularly, initially resulted in conspicuous improvement. Thus, the general condition improved, the hepatomegaly and splenomegaly decreased, as did the protrusion of the eyeball, polyruia and polydipsia. Oedema subsequently developed and became increasingly severe; no changes were found in the blood chemistry to account for it. It was necessary to discontinue cortisone therapy after 3 weeks. The patient's condition deteriorated rapidly and he died after a further 5 days.
Studies on Carbonic Anhydrase Activity in Children
Authors: BERFENSTAM RAGNAR
Published: January 2008

An account of the results of intravenous and intramuscular injections of whole blood, plasma and serum into premature infants is given. In all cases there is an increase of carbonic anhydrase activity in the infant's blood.

The cause for the increase in enzyme activity is discussed. This is found to be probably due to an activating factor in plasma; this factor is thermostable, dialysable and seemingly of non‐electrolyte character.

The possible inconveniences that premature infants could suffer on account of their low carbonic anhydrase activity and the help possibly afforded to these infants by transfusions are discussed.
The Claw Hand in Gargoylism, its Pathology and Treatment
Authors: SJÖLIN STlG , SKOOG TORD
Published: January 2008

Gargoylism is discussed briefly as a systemic disorder and a typical case is reported in detail. Claw hand, a characteristic symptom, is shown to be due to a trigger finger condition and was completely cured surgically in this case. The origin of trigger finger in gargoylism is discussed and the advantage of overcoming the hand deformity is stressed. Further a surgical reduction of the tongue was carried out in this case to relieve the breathing difficulties caused by macroglossia.
Retrolental Fibroplasia ‐ Animal Experiments| The effect of the eyes of fullterm mice. A preliminary report
Authors: GYLLENSTEN LARS J. , HELLSTRÖM BO E.
Published: January 2008

The following changes have been found in the eyes of 1–3 weeks old fullterm mice, who were exposed to pure oxygen intermittingly from birth: haemorrhages, retinal folding and formation of a vascular, cellular and fibrons tissue in the Vitreous body.
Stenosis of the Larynx in Infancy Haemangioma of the Larynx
Authors: RAMSE O. B.
Published: January 2008

A 3‐months‐old girl suffered from difficulty in inspiration from birth. Attacks of dyspnoea set in gradually with stridor, cyanosis and loss of consciousness. There were repeated remissions. Direct laryngoscopy revealed a bluish‐black swelling in the region of the subglottis, and a post‐mortem examination showed a haemangioma in the larynx with haemorrhage, tracheo‐bronchitis and atelectasis of the lungs. In connexion with this case a brief account is given of the symptomatology, diagnostic possibilities and treatment of haemangioma in the larynx.
Macrogenitosomia Caused by Interstitial Cell Tumour of the Testis. A Case in a 71/2‐Year‐Old Boy
Authors: THAMDRUP E.
Published: January 2008

The case is the 13th that has been published. The symptoms (premature somatic and genital development) commenced when the patient was 7 years; 6 months later a tumour of the right testis, measuring 2times2x3 cm, was removed and verified microscopically as a typical interstitial cell tumour without signs of malignancy. Following the operation the patient's abnormally rapid development ceased. 10 months later the patient's condition was unchanged, but 18 months after the operation there was a slight regression of the symptoms. After the operation the remaining testis developed to more than twice its original size, which was considered a compensatory hypertrophy, as there was no palpable tumour and the excretion of 17‐ketosteroids, which before the operation was 40.1 mg in 24 hours, immediately fell to normal values and remained normal.

The possibility of malignancy, the result of the hormone analyses and the regression of the symptoms after operation are discussed. The presence of malignant tumoura has been reported only in adults. In addition to the increased excretion of 17‐ketosteroids there was a slightly elevated excretion of oestrogenic hormone. The latter is supposed to have been caused by a production in the tumour cells of abnormal steroids with oestrogen effect, or by an excess of normal oestrogenic hormone. Eegression of the symptoms has not been observed in all the cases reported. The possibility of regression is greater the earlier the patient is operated on after the onset of the symptoms.
Appearance of the Fundus Oculi in Prematurely Born Infants Treated With and Without Oxygen
Authors: HUGGERT A.
Published: January 2008

The author has compared a group of 121 prematurely born children (5 with a birth weight at the highest 1300 g) who recerived a large supply of oxygen, with another group of 44 prematures (2 with a birth weight at the highest 1300 g) who received oxygen to a very slight extent. In the first group, 2 cases of cicatricial retrolental fibroplasia developed, in the latter group none, while acute peripheral retinal changes of a more pronounced degree occurred among 33 and 4 children, respectively. No definite increase in mortality could be proved to occur among the children as a result of the more restricted use of oxygen.

Very narrow vessels in different parts of the eye, together with pale papillae, were seen during the continuous use of oxygen, while dilated vessels and oedema of the fundus oculi certainly occurred more often in children who received oxygen, but these changes did occur also in other cases. In those cases dilated vessels were often seen immediately after birth, or in relation to a lowered general condition, especially if associated with infections.

Oxygen administration is only to be recommended in cases of pronounced asphyxia: at the same time, the importance of a gradual withdrawal of oxygen and control examination of the fundus oculi is stressed in these cases.
Hemolysis of Human Blood Caused by Oxygen and Its Prevention with Vitaman E Preliminary Report
Authors: RÄIHÄ NIELS
Published: January 2008

1. Hemolysis tests were performed on blood incubated with increasing oxygen concentrations.

2. It was concluded that the degree of hemolysis in some cases is directly proportional to the concentration of oxygen.

3. Vitamin E administered to the tested subjects has an inhibitory effect on this hemolysis.

4. It seems that fetal blood, due to some physiological effect, has a different behaviour under the above conditions.

Hémolyse du sang humain par l'oxygène et l'effet préventif de la vitamine E.

Des tests d'hémolyse ont été faits sur du sang ayant subi l'incubation avec des doses croissantes d'oxygène. On a pu tirer la conclusion que dans certains cas le degré d'hémolyse est directement proportionnel à la concentration d'oxygène. La vitamine E administrée aux sujets examinés a un effet inhibiteur sur cette hémolyse. Il semble que le sang du fœtus, à cause d'un certain effet physiologique, se comporte différemment dans les circonstances mentionnées plus haut.

Die durch Sauerstoff verursachte Hämolyse des menschlichen Blutes und ihre Verhinderung durch Vitamin E.

Es wurden Hämolyseuntersuchungen mit in steigenden Sauerstoffkonzentrationen inkubiertem Blut durchgeführt. Man stellte fest, dass der Grad der Hämolyse in einigen Fallen direkt proportional der Sauerstoffkonzentration ist. Gibt man den Versuchspersonen Vitamin E, so hat dieses einen hemmenden Effekt auf die Hämolyse. Auf Grand gewisser physiologischer Wirkungen scheint sich das Fötalblut un ter den obengenannten Bedingungen anders zu verhalten.

Hemóliais de sangre humana con oxigeno y efecto irihibitorio de la vitamina E.

Se realizaron pruebas de hemólisis con sangre incubada con concentraciones crecientes de oxigeno. Conclúyese que el grado de hemólisis en algunos casos es directamente proporcional a la concentratión de oxígeno. La vitamina E administrada a los sujetos sometidos a la prueba tuvo un efecto inhibitorio sobre la hemólisis. Parece que la sangre fetal, debido a algún efeeto fisiólogico, tiene un comportamiento diferente en las condiciones citadas.
Galactose Intolerance: Observations on an Experimental Animal
Authors: PERRY J. W. , MOORE ANNE E. , THOMAS D. A. , HIRD F. J. R.
Published: January 2008

The effect of adding galactose to the diet of chicks has been studied. Concentrations of 10%, 5% and 2.5% w/v. in drinking water were uniformly fatal, the survival time varying inversely with the dose.

During life the birds showed increased blood galactose levels, reduced plasma alpha amino nitrogen levels and were subject to fits.

Failure to thrive, involvement of the central nervous system, galactosaemia and increased galactose excretion are features common to both the human and the experimental disease. These features have been emphasised in support of the chick as an experimental animal for the investigation of galactose intolerance.

It was found in vitro, using segments of chicks' gut, that galactose did not support the uptake of the amino acid L‐histidine. It is suggested that if galactose and/or galactose‐1‐phosphate interfere with the supply of useful energy to tissue cells, this might lead to a multiplicity of disorders of which reduced absorption of amino acids is only one.

On a étudié l'effet de l'addition de galactose au régime de poulets. Des concentra‐tions de 10, 5 et 2,5 % dans l'eau de boisson se sont toujours montrées mortelles, la durée de la survie ayant été inversément proportionelle aux concentrations. Durant leur survie, les oiseaux ont montré im accroissement de la galactosémie, une réduction de 1'alpha‐amino nitrogène et furent sujets à des convulsions. Ralentissement de la croissance, dégénéreseence du Système nerveux central, galaetosémie et augmentation de l'excrétion du galactose sont des symptomes de la maladie, à la fois, chez l'homme et 1'ammal de laboratoire. On a déduit de ces faits que le poulet est un animal de choix pour l'expérirnentation sur l'intolérance au galactose. On a prouvé, in vitro, en employ‐ant des intestins de poulet, que le galactose ne favorise pas la résorption de l'acide aniiné, L‐histidine. On suggère que, si le galactose ou/et le 1‐phosphate de galactose empèehent l'apport d'énergie utile aux cellules, cela peut mener à de nombreux désor‐dres et, parmi ceux‐ci, à la diminution de l'absorption des acides aminés.
The Falling Rate of Breast‐Feeding in Sweden
Authors: STRÖM JUSTUS
Published: January 2008

The breast‐feeding rate in Sweden has fallen quite considerably from 1944 to 1953 despite the efficiency of prenatal care organization. The rate for wholly breast‐fed children under 2 months of age, in the country as a whole, fell from 77 to 74 per cent, under 4 months from 58 to 49 per cent, and under 6 months from 43 to 33 per cent. Certain general causes of this situation are discussed, particular emphasis being laid on the short period of nursing at obstetric departments, women's professions and the financial conditions appertaining thereto, the comparatively slight risks involved in artificial feeding, the ease of using various manufactured preparations and the intense propaganda made for them.

L'allaitement maternel a considérablement diminué en Suède de 1944 à 1953, en dépit du développement des organisations de soins prénataux. Le pourcentage des enfants nourris au sein considéré dans tout le pays, a diminue de la manière suivante: En dessous de 2 mois, de 77 à 74%; en dessous de 4 mois, de 58 à 49%; en dessous de 6 mois, de 43 à 33%. Les causes de cette diminution sont ensuite discutées. Un accent particulier est mis sur la période de soins trop courte dans les services d'obstétrique, sur la fréquence des professions féminines et la situation pécuniaire qui en découle, que I'on doit opposer au risque minime d'une alimentation artificielle, à la facilité d'emploi des divers produits diététiques, et à la réclame considérable qui leur est faite.
A Comparison of Hemoglobin and Erythrocyte Values in the First‐horn and the Second‐born Twin, and in First, Second and Third Triplet during the Neonatal Period
Authors: SEIP MARTIN
Published: January 2008

The last‐born twin or triplet usually has a higher hemoglobin and erythrocyte content of the peripheral blood during the first two weeks of life than twin no. 1 (triplets nos. 1 and 2). This is assumed to be due to an extra “blood transfusion” to the last‐born twin or triplet from the placenta and umbilical vessels after birth, before the clamping of the cord, caused by the more complete contraction of the uterus when the last fetus is also delivered. The last‐born twin or triplet therefore is likely to have a somewhat greater iron reserve at birth.

Comparaison du taux d'hémoglobine et du nombre d'érythrocytes pendant la période néonatale chez le premier et le deuxieme jumeau, le premier, le deuxième et le troisième triplet.

Pendant les deux premières semaines de la vie, le sang périphérique est plus riche en érythrocytes et en hémoglobine chez le jumeau ou le triplet dernier‐nés que chez le premier jumeau (ou le ler et le 2e triplet). Ce fait est expliqué parce que le jumeau ou le triplet dernier‐nés reçoivent, avant le clampage du cordon, une transfusion supplémentaire de sang venant du placenta et de l'utérus, celui‐ci se contractant de manière plus complète après la délivrance du dernier fétus. Le jumeau ou le triplet dernier‐nés sont susceptibles, par conséquent, d'avoir une réserve de fer plus considérable.

Ein Vergleich von Haemoglobin‐ und Erythrocytenwerten zwischen erst‐ und zweitgebo‐renen Zwillingen und erst‐, zweit‐ und letztgeborenen Zwillingen während der Neugeburts‐periode.

Der zuletzt geborene Zwilling oder Drilling hat gewöhnlich einen höheren Haemoglobin‐ und Erythrocytengehalt im peripheren Blut wahrend der ersten zwei Lebens‐wochen als der Zwilling Nr. 1 (Drilling Nr. 1 und 2). Es wird angenommen, dass dies durch eine besondere. Bluttransfusion bedingt ist, die der letztgeborene Zwilling oder Drilling nach der Geburt von der Placenta und den Nabelgefässen bekommt, bevor die Nabelschnur durch die vollständigere Kontraktion des Uterus abgedrosselt wird, wenn auch der letzte Foetus geboren ist. Der letztgeborene Zwilling oder Drilling muss deshalb wahrscheinlich bei Geburt eine etwas grössere Eisenreserve haben.

Comparación de los valores hemoglobínicos y eritrocíticos en el primero y segundo mellizo y en el primero, segundo y tercer trillizo durante el periodo neonatal.

Durante las dos primeras semanas de vida, los valores de hemoglobina y el recuento de eritrocitos en la sangre periférica son generalmente mas altos en el mellizo o trillizo nacido último. Se cree que esto sea debido a una transfusión extra por parte de la placenta y los vasos umbilicales antes de una contracción más completa del útero. Probablemente el último mellizo o trillizo sea, al nacer, portador de una mayor reserva de hierro.
The Arterial Blood Pressure of the Newborn Infant
Authors: NYBERG RUNE , WESTIN BJÖRN
Published: January 2008

The blood pressure in the umbilical artery was recorded in 20 mature normal newborn infants immediately after birth by an electromanometer. The thoracic movements caused considerable variations in the pressure recorded. The mean pressure was 87.8 ± 3.0/54.5 + 2.7 mm Hg.

La pression arterielle du nouveau‐né.

I. La pression de l'artère ombilicale du nouveau‐né normal à terme.

On mesura, à l'électromanomètre, la pression de l'artère ombilicale de 20 nouveaux‐nés normaux nés à terme tout de suite après la naissance. Les mouvements thoraciques eausèrent des variations importantes de la pression enregistrée. La pression moyenne fut de 87,8 +3,0/54,5 ±2,7 mm de mercure.

Der arterielle Blutdruch beim neugeborenen Kind.

I. Der Blutdruch in der Nabelarterie des normalen, vollreifen Neugeborenen.

Der Blutdruck in der Nabelarterie wurde bei 20 vollreifen normalen neugeborenen Kindern unmittelbar nach der Geburt mit Hilfe eines Elektromanometers bestimmt. Die Bewegungen des Brustkorbs vervirsachten wesentliche Schwankungeri in dem aufgezeichneten Druck. Der durchschnittliche Blutdruck betrug 87,8±3,0/54,5±2,7 mm Hg.

De la presión sanguined arterial en el recién nacido.

I. La presión sanguínea en la arteria umbilical del neonato normal nacido a término.

La presión sanguínea en la arteria umbilical de 20 neonates normales nacidos a término, ha sido registrada inmediatamente después de nacer, mediante un electromanómetro. Los movimientos torácicos determinaron variaoiones considerables en las presiones registradas. Presión media: 87,8 ±3,0/54,5 ± 2,7 mm mercuric
Ellis‐Van Creveld Syndrome Report of Two Cases in Siblings
Authors: MITCHELL F. N. , WADDELL W. W.
Published: January 2008

1. Two cases of the Ellis‐Van Creveld syndrome are presented. These are the first cases reported in siblings.

2. It is suggested that strabismus, pseudo‐hairlip, and changes in metacarpal ossification centers are additional, though less frequent components of the syndrome.

3. Ecto‐mesodermal dysplasia is proposed as a more descriptive name for this syndrome.

Le syndrome dapos;Ellis‐Van Creveld. Rapport sur deux cas chez des enfants de memes parents.

Présentation de deux cas de syndrome dapos;Ellis‐Van Creveld. Ce sont les deux premiers cas rapportés sur des enfants de memes parents. II a été supposeé que le strabisme, le pseudo bec‐de‐lièvre et les changements dans les centres de lapos;ossification métacarpienne sont des composants supplémentaires du syndrome, bien qu'ils soient moins fréquents. On a proposé d'appeler ce syndrome: dysplasie de l'ecto‐mésoderme, étant un mon plus descriptif.

Das Ellis‐ Van Creveldsche Syndrom. Bericht über zwei Fälle bei Geschwistem.

Zwei Fälle von Ellis‐Van Creveldschem Syndrom werden besehrieben. Diese sind die ersten bei Geschwistern, iiber die berichtet wird. Die Ansicht wird ausgesprochen, dass Strabismus, Pseudohasenscharte und Veränderungen in metakarpalen Ossifikationszentren zusätzliche, wenn auch weniger häufige Bestandteile des Syndroms sind. Ekto‐mesodermale Dysplasie wird als ein, dieses Syndrom besser beschreibender Name, vorgesehlagen.

Casuística del síndrome de Ellis‐Van Creveld en dos descendientes directos.

Se exponen dos casos de síndrome de Ellis‐Van Creveld. Son éstos los primeros registrados en descendientes directos. Se sugiere que el estrabismo, el seudo labio leporino y los cambios en los centros de osificación metacarpiana, son constitutivos adicionales de este sindrome, aunque menos frecuentes. Se propone para este síndrome el nombre más descriptivo de displasia ectomesoderma.
Non‐spherocytic Haemolytic Anaemia in Mother and New‐born Infant
Authors: SODERHJELM LARS
Published: January 2008

Summary

A case is described of non‐spherocytic haemolytic anaemia in a woman. The condition was aggravated during her two pregnancies, and exhibited some megaloblastic features. The first child was healthy, but the second developed anaemia with reticulocyte response first to folic acid, then to a liver preparation, and finally to cortisone and blood transfusion. Haemolytic anaemia was undoubtedly present, but the child also had folic‐acid and vitamin B12 deficiency.
Motions of the Pharynx Associated with Initial Aeration of the Lungs of the Newborn Infant1
Authors: BOSMA JAMES F. , LIND JOHN , GENTZ N.
Published: January 2008

Summary

In five of eight subjects satisfactorily observed by successive radiographs within the immediate newborn period, the initial air inflation of the lung was found to be associated with a sequential distention and compression of the pharynx cavity. It is acknowledged that these observations are preliminary and incomplete. But a similarity is recognized to the glossopharyngeal breathing reported in respiratory‐deficient poliomyelitic subjects and also a part of patterns of manifestation of focal seizures in the pharynx area of an infant.
Nocturnal Enuresis in Twins II.
Authors: HALLGREN BERTIL , LARSSON HARRY , RUDHE ULF
Published: January 2008

1. A study by means of micturition urethro‐cystography of changes in the lower urinary tract and of the effective bladder capacity in children with nocturnal enuresis was performed on the basis of a randomly selected twin series. The material comprised 40 same‐sexed twin pairs in which a t least one of the partners suffered from persistent nocturnal enuresis, i.e. 49 affected twins and 31 unaffected partners who were used as controls.

2. Only minor deviations in the lower urinary tract were found. The investigation failed to show any significant relationship between such deviations and noc turnal enuresis.

3. There seems to be no relationship between nocturnal enuresis and the width of the posterior urethra during micturition.

4. The statistical analysis indicates that there is no difference in the effective bladder capacity between children with persistent nocturnal enuresis and other children.

5. There seems to be no significant relationship between nocturnal enuresis and the occurrence of spina bifida occulta in the lower lumbar and sacral regions.
Venous Hypertension in the Newborn Infant associated with Delayed Clamping of the Umbilical Cord1
Authors: TAYLOR PAUL M. , EGAN THOMAS J. , BIRCHARD EDNA L. , BRIGHT NANCY H. , WOLFSON JEROME H.
Published: January 2008

The mean umbilical vein pressure of 31 normal infants 5 to 89 hours of age was 92.2 mm of normal saline ±12.8 mm (S.D.). Venous pressure was not influenced by age or birth weight.

Continuous recordings of umbilical rein pressure were made on 11 infants whose umbilical cords were clamped a t the time of delivery, and on 20 infants whose cords were clamped several minutes after delivery. The highest pressure recorded in the early‐clamped group was 120 mm; 2 of the 11 infants had this pressure. Seventeen of the 20 late‐clamped infants had levels of venous pressure repeatedly in excess of 120 mm during the first 30‐60 minutes of life with return to the normal range at varying rates.

Possible effects of a placental transfusion sufficiently large to raise venous pressure on the status of the newborn infant have been discussed briefly.
A LONGITUDINAL STUDY OF ELECTRO‐CARDIOGRAPHIC INTERVALS IN HEALTHY CHILDREN
Authors: McCAMMON ROBERT W.
Published: January 2008

This study was supported in large part by research grants from the Commonwealth Fund and from the Rockefeller Foundation

Publication was supported by the Publication Division, the Commonwealth Fund
Renal Tubular Defects in Fibrous Dysplasia of the Bones: Report of Two Cases
Authors: HALVORSEN SVERRE , AAS KJELL
Published: January 2008

The occurrence of renal tubular defects in two cases of fibrous dysplasia of the bones is reported. Case 1 has vitamin D resistant rickets and Case 2 has renal glucosuria and aminoaciduria. The renal defect in Case 2 resembles the syndrome of Luder & Sheldon. According to the present theories on renal function, the site of the renal defects can be located to the proximal tubules in both cases. It is postulated that the renal defects in fibrous dysplasia of the bones are associated congenital lesions.
Neurological Signs in a Juvenile Form of Gaucher's Disease
Authors: HERRLIN KARL‐MAGNUS , HILLBORG PER OLOF
Published: January 2008

The occurrence of progressive cerebral symptoms is described in a juvenile form of Gaucher's disease, in a clinical series assessed uniformly. This series is composed of six persons, still living, between the ages of 6 and 20, belonging to four related families, who all come from a limited area in northern Sweden. All 6 patients have shown the same clinical, his to pathological and his to chemical findings, and all have undergone splenectomy. Two spleens were chemically analysed. Their lipid content was typical of Gaucher's disease. All cases developed skeletal changes within 31/2 years of splenectomy.

The cerebral signs consisted of mental retardation in 5 cases, psychotic behaviour disorders in 2 cases, generalised rigidity and jerky movement in 5, epilepsy in 3 and a pathological EEG in them all. Similar signs were not found among the children's relatives.

The progressive mental and neurological symptoms indicate a diffuse, progressive encephalopathy, which affects the cortical and sub cortical grey matter. The authors think it likely that the cerebral signs have a vascular origin and are caused by deposition of cerebrosides in the adventitital cells of the cerebral blood vessels. Similar cerebral changes have been described in the infantile form of Gaucher's disease. Splenectomy performed at an early age may have been a provocative factor in the development of these hypothetical vascular changes and of the early skeletal changes.
Studies on Leucin‐Induced Hypoglycemia
Authors: GENTZ JOHAN , LEHMANN ORLA , ZETTERSTRÖM ROLF
Published: January 2008

Two typical nonrelated cases of leucin‐precipitated hypoglycemia are described. Both patients showed evidence of severe atrophy of the brain. Since leucin was found to induce fits even if a fall in the blood sugar was prevented by the continuous administration of glucose, the symptoms in the syndrome of leucin‐induced hypoglycemia may not solely develop as the result of an abnormally low blood sugar level.
Familial Neonatal Hypoglycemia A Syndrome Resembling Foetopathia Diabetica
Authors: HANSSON GÖRAN , REDIN BjÖRN
Published: January 2008

A clinical and pathologico‐anatomic syndrome resembling that occurring in offspring of diabetic and prediabetic mothers has been described in two overweight newborn sisters. Both patients had convulsions and died during the neonatal period. In one of them where blood glucose determinations were performed a marked hypoglycemia was diagnosed.

Since the mother has given birth to quite normal infants between and after the diseased children and because of the fact that there is no evidence of a prediabetic state it is suggested that the syndrome has developed as a consequence of some other metabolic error. The fact that the parents are first cousins supports the supposition that the disease may be genetically determined.
Hyperbilirubinaemia in Full‐Term Newborn Infants A Follow‐Up Study
Authors: KILLANDER A. , MICHAÉLSSON M. , MÜLLER‐EBERHARD U. , SJÖLIN S.
Published: January 2008

A follow‐up study is presented of 93 full‐term infants with neonatal hyperbilirubinaemia, 46 of which were treated by exchange transfusion. At examination between 2 and 2 1/2 years of age no differences with regard to neurological abnormalities or development could be demonstrated between the two groups. No definite signs of kernicterus were present in any case. One child with congenital hypothyroidism showed a minor disturbance in coordination not apparent until the age of 4 years.
Venous Pressure in the First Hour of Life and Its Relationship to Placental Transfusion
Authors: JEGIER W. , BLANKENSHIP W. , LIND J.
Published: January 2008

Central and portal venous pressure in the first hour of life was studied in 24 normal, full‐term, newborn infants with varying amounts of placental transfusion. A gradient between the portal pressure and the central venous pressure was demonstrated in the 11 out of 14 infants. The pressure in the central venous system varied with the amount of placental transfusion, whereas the pressure existing distal to the ductus venosus was independent ofthe blood volume during the first hour of life. The central pressure observed in infants that received a large amount of placental transfusion (ten infants) ranged between 0 mm Hg and 10 mm Hg with a mean of 5.7 mm Hg. The pressure in the group receiving a lesser amount of placental transfusion (seven infants) ranged between 1.5 mm Hg and 5 mm Hg with a mean of 1.7 mm Hg. Pressures obtained distal to the ductus venosus ranged from 4 mm Hg to 11 mm Hg with a mean of 7.7 mm Hg. The presence of a narrow ductus venosus channel contributes to the existence of this gradient.

Data obtained from dilution curves recorded from right atrial and portal vein injections suggested that little or no blood flows through the ductus venosus during the first hours of life.
Basophil Leucocytes and Heparinoid Substances in Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: ENGLESON GUNNAR , LINDBERG TOR
Published: January 2008

The present investigation showed a reduction in the content of heparinoid substances in the blood in the late vascular complications of diabetes. This finding suggests the occurrence, in diabetic angiopathy, of a disorder pathogenetically similar to that in atherosclerosis. The decrease found in the amount of heparinoid substances in the blood cannot be explained by a change in the number of basophil leucocytes, which are normal in diabetes mellitus. The number of cases, however, is not large and further investigations are in progress.
Red Cell Triiodothyronine Uptake as a Measure of Thyroid Function in Mongolism
Authors: SPINELLI‐RESSI FRANCO , BERGONZI FEDERICO
Published: January 2008

The red cell triiodothyronine uptake was performed in a group of 25 mongoloid children, in order to assess the applicability of this method in evaluating the thyroid status in mongolism. Our studies indicate that the mean T3 uptake in mongoloids is increased. However in 11 out of 25 mongoloids studied by us the uptake values fall within the normal range, so that the test cannot be considered characteristic in mongolism. In all the mongoloid children the BMR was normal. On the contrary, in seven cases with an increased red cell T3 uptake, a decrease of total serum protein and albumin was found. Since it is known that abnormalities of plasma proteins influence the red cell T3 uptake, the hypothesis that some plasma factor(s) is responsible for the increased uptake of labelled triiodothyronine in mongolism is suggested. Whatever the extrathyroid factor(s) responsible for the increased red cell T3 uptake is, the technique is not a valuable tool in assessing the thyroid function in mongolism.
Late Electroencephalographic Findings after Recovery from Tuberculous Meningitis
Authors: KAUHTIO JYRKI , DONNER MÄRTA , WASZ‐HÖCKERT OLE
Published: January 2008

Eighty five children and young persons cured of tuberculous meningitis were reexamined by EEG 6—12 1/2 years after the onset of the disease.

Moderate or severe EEG changes were seen in 50 cases, i.e. 59 per cent. The most frequent abnormality found was general dysrhythmia (29 cases) combined with focal abnormalities in 9 cases. Focal abnormalities were seen in the records of altogether 14 former patients. Of these, 9 had convulsions. Repeated EEG examinations were made in 15 cases. Seven of these showed improvement and 1 progression of the disturbances. Abnormal EEGs were seen most frequently among the youngest patients (0—3 years), among patients with severe symptoms on admission and among patients treated with cortisone.

Correlation was also found between EEG changes and other sequelae: convulsions, neurological disorders, mental sub‐normality, behaviour disturbances and intracranial calcifications. There were no correlations between EEG abnormalities and late ophthalmological and otological sequelae.
Spontaneous Pneumothorax in the Newborn
Authors: MALAN A. F. , HEESE H. de V.
Published: January 2008

The obstetrical, clinical, radiological and biochemical findings in 7 cases of spontaneous pneumothorax of the newborn are presented. All the infants survived. Attention i s drawn to the presence of a chest bulge as a prominent physical sign in the diagnosis of pneumothorax. The significance of irritability in association with a rapid respiratory rate is discussed.
Ataxia‐Telangiectasia
Authors: SMEBY BJARNE
Published: January 2008

Five cases of ataxia‐telangiectasia are reported. In 4 cases, there is no parental consanguinity. In the other case the parents are unknown. The maternal grandfather of one of the patients hadtelangiectasiae in the scalp, face and ears, but no ataxia and the γA‐globulin content in the serum was normal. There was no known case of ataxia in any of the families. All of the patients had had bronchitis, but only 3 of them had been particularly susceptible to respiratory infections. The growth was retarded in all. None of them presented deformities of the feet or kyphoscoliosis.

Only in one patient was the motor development retarded during the first year of life, in the remaining the disturbance of the psychomotor development appeared in the form of ataxia in the course of the second or third year of life when the patients started to walk.

One patient developed telangiectasiae at 2‐3 years of age, the others a t 5‐7 years of age. Patches of poor pigmentation of the skin in the fa03 were present in 4 patients. Choreoathetotic movements and a tendency to turn the eyes upwards when focusing was observed in 4 cases.

The sensibility was normal in all cases. The deep reflexes were normal in one case and impaired in four. In the latter normal reflexes had been demonstrated at an earlier age. Intelligence fell within the lower limits of normality in all patients. No definite progressive impairment was demonstrable.

The EEG was normal in 2 cases. In one patient a moderate general cerebral dysrhythmia was found, most marked over the right temporal region but no epileptogenic activity. I n another a focus was registered in the left temporal region. One patient had not been submitted to EEG.

Paper chromatography of the urine revealed a normal amino acid pattern in 4 cases, the 5th was not examined.
The Surgical Management of Myelomeningocele with a Preliminary Report of 31 Cases
Authors: ANDERSSON HUGO , CARLSSON CARL‐AXEL
Published: January 2008

A case material of 31 myelomeningoceles from 1963–64 is presented. The two main principles for treatment were: no selection of candidates for surgery and surgery as early as possible. The rate of accompanying hydrocephalus amenable to treatment was 79 %. The total survival rate was 78 %

Earlier communications on the subject are discussed and in view of these and our own experiences the following conclusions are drawn:

1. The potential risk for future mental retardation in a new‐born with hydrocephalus cannot be regarded as a conbraindication for surgery.

2. The existence or extent of paralysis of legs and/or sphincters are no contraindications for surgery.

3. Contraindicating factors of social nature cannot be accepted in a civilized country.

4. Early operation of myelomeningocele probably decreases the mortality and morbidity. The operative procedure is technically easier and the possibility of further damage to the neural elements is decreased.

5. An effort should be made to establish communication between the open central canal and spinal subarachnoid space.
Respiratory Syncytial Virus An Outbreak of Acute Respiratory Illnesses in a Home for Infants
Authors: STERNER GÖRAN , WOLONTIS SIGVARD , BLOTH BJÖRN , HEVESY GEORG DE
Published: January 2008

A report is given of an outbreak of acute respiratory illness in a home for infants in Stockholm. Respiratory syncytial (RX) virus was recovered from nasopharyngeal and/or throat swabs from 13 out of 15 infants (1–13 months old). Complement fixation (CF) tests against RS antigen showed at least 4‐fold rises of antibody titre in 7 out of 15 paired sera, including sera from two infants, from whom no virus was isolated. There was no rise in CF antibody titre against adenovirus, influenza A and B, parainfluenza 1, 2 and 3, mumps or herpes simplex antigens. RS virus was recovered 2 days before the onset of illness as well as 9 days afterwards. The incubation period was estimated to be from 3 to 5 days.

All infants living in the home fell ill during a period from April 4 to April 30, 1964. Two‐thirds of the infants had febrile nasopharyngitis with cough and one‐third had symptoms and signs from the lower parts of the respiratory tract. Two infants had bronchopneumonia and two others were critically ill in bronchiolitis. All infants survived.
Acute Respiratory Illness with Mycoplasma Pneumoniae An Outbreak in a Home for Children
Authors: STERNER GÖRAN , HEVESY GEORG DE , TUNEVALL GÖSTA , WOLONTIS SIGVARD
Published: January 2008

An outbreak of acute respiratory illness, in a few cases combined with primary atypical pneumonia (P.A.P.), occurred in August‐October 1964 in a home for children in Stockholm. Seventeen out of 22 children (age 1–12 years) fell ill during the observation period, four of them twice.

By using a battery of antigens (viruses, Mycoplasma pneumoniae (MP) and bacterial antigens) in a serological study on paired sera, it was found that nine children developed a significant rise of CF antibodies against MP only, two had rise of antipneumolysin titre only, whereas one child had rising antibody titres against adenovirus and MP as well as against Haemophilus influenzae. MP was cultivated from the throat in four cases.

Of the 15 children with proved or probable fresh MP infection two were healthy, four had an afebrile mild upper respiratory illness, six had acute respiratory illness with fever, mostly of short duration, and without clinical signs of pneumonia. In three cases, all above 5 years of age, P.A.P. was demonstrated.
Experiences with Human Growth Hormone in Pituitary Dwarfism
Authors: SEIP M. , TRYGSTAD O.
Published: January 2008

Experiences with HGH treatment of twelve hypopituitary dwarfs for periods varying from 6 to 41 months are reported.

All the patients were considered to have hypopituitarism from birth, four of them of the hereditary type, four possibly due to traumatic birth or neonatal asphyxia, and four from an unknown cause. In six patients detailed information concerning growth during the first year of life could be obtained. All of these patients had a degree of growth retardation before one year of age. We consider this to be the rule rather than the exception in pituitary dwarfism.

The most important diagnostic evidence was a marked degree of growth retardation accompanied by a pronounced delay in skeletal maturation, and, in most cases, signs of secondary hypothyroidism, increased insulin sensitivity, and a poor response to metopirone administration. None of the patients who had passed the normal age of puberty had matured sexually.

All twelve patients responded well to HGH therapy. During the first year of treatment the average height increment was 10 cm (“catch‐up” growth). With continued treatment a normal rate of growth, about 6 cm/year, was obtained. There was no disproportionate acceleration of skeletal maturation in any of the patients. None of them has so far become resistant to HGH administration. The oldest patient has reached normal height. Whether this will be possible not only in the moderately severe, but also in the most severe cases of pituitary dwarfism, can not yet be stated.

The possibility of using human gonadotrophic hormones in an attempt to produce sexual maturation in these patients is discussed briefly.
QUANTITATIVE STUDIES OF THE HUMAN NEONATAL CIRCULATION
Authors: WALLGREN GöRAN , LIND JOHN
Published: January 2008

Twelve newborn infants, 1 1/2 to 58 hours old have been investigated with respect to the consequences of graded hemorrhage on peripheral circulation and plasma volume. It has been demonstrated that the newborn infant responds to a hypovolemia corresponding to 15 per cent of predicted total blood volume with a twofold increase of resistance to blood flow in the calf. Peripheral vasomotor tone is adequately controlling the systemic blood pressure by decreasing perfusion of the vascular compartments in the calf muscle, whereas no indications of a change in the cutaneous blood flow occurred. A rapid decrease of the arterial hematocrit reflects efforts to restore the plasma volume.
WISKOTT‐ALDRICH SYNDROME A Study of 6 Cases with Determination of the Immunoglobulins A, D, G, M and ND
Authors: Berglund G. , Finnström O. , Johansson S. G. O. , Möller K. L.
Published: January 2008

Six cases with Aldrich syndrome are presented, one of them splenectomized at the age of 3, died at the age of 6 years of adrenal haemorrhage. Another patient died at the age of 6 years of pneumonia with empyema and meningitis. The other 4 patients (1/2–6 years) are alive in a fairly good condition. Bleeding tendency dominates the symptoms in 2 cases, in the other 2, susceptibility to infections and/or eczema are the main symptoms. The bleeding tendency does not seem to be correlated to the number of platelets.

Immunological studies in 5 of the patients have revealed a normal or high content of IgG in 4 of 5 cases and an increase of IgA in all. In 3 of 4 investigated patients elevated concentrations were demonstrated of a new immunoglobulin class, IgND. The immune response is changed; antibody production by vaccinations against viral diseases was poor, tuberculin reactions after BCG vaccination were negative, the pharyngeal lymphoid tissue was absent, and in 4 of the 5 investigated cases low titers of isoagglutinins were demonstrated.