bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Frechet Triple Flaps—Additional Experience
Authors: Puig Carlos J.
Published: January 2017

It was the best of times and the worst of times. Indeed, when the Frechet Triple Flap procedure works, the patient attains a beautiful result with total crown closure. If however, the rotations are not perfectly accomplished, the slightest additional stress results in a tip necrosis, delayed wound healing, and possible dehiscence. Most of the author's problems with the procedure occurred early in the learning curve. Further consultation with Dr. Frechet and modification of flap sizes resulted in an abatement of complications. Problems with a recent case, where all appeared to go well during the extension and rotation procedures, once again emphasize the need for further investigation of the use of delayed random flaps. The satisfaction experienced by the patient when the procedure works without complications and Dr. Frechet's repeated success encourage the author to continue to work to overcome the problems he has experienced trying to duplicate Dr. Frechet's results.
Weight-to-Weight Trichloroacetic Peel Solutions: Necessity of an Explicit Formulation for Trichloroacetic Acid Solutions
Authors: Trauchessec J. M. , Pissot Frederic
Published: January 2017

Chemical peeling using trichloroacetic acid (TCA) is frequently used in the field of aesthetic dermatology. It is important to formulate the peeling solution properly. Standardization in the preparation of the TCA solutions is proposed with formulas that allow physicians to compare different protocols published in the medical literature. The different protocols used to prepare the TCA solutions are analyzed to determine which of the protocols are the best in practice, and conversions between these different protocols are then proposed. Variation is observed in the relative concentrations of TCA of the different solutions, and standardization is necessary to avoid mishap. The weight-to-weight TCA peel solution gives an idea about the exact mass of TCA applied on the skin, which should be a standard procedure.
Stacking Textured Breast Prostheses for Shaping
Authors: Scholze Rainer , Muller Wilfried , Morgan William Roy
Published: January 2017

A technique for stacking polyurethane breast implants is discussed in this report. A second prostheses was put into a virgin pocket to protect and stabilize the preexisting implant. The advantages and disadvantages of this technique are discussed.
An Unusual Complication of Abdominal Liposuction and Abdominoplasty
Authors: Shiffman Melvin A.
Published: January 2017

This case report describes the occurrence of an abdominal wall pseudocyst after liposuction combined with abdominoplasty. This is an unusual complication. Total excision of the cyst is the best treatment, but there is no known problem with leaving an asymptomatic pseudocyst in place without excision.
Lateral Augmentation of the Angle of the Mandible with Porous Hydroxyapatite Block
Authors: Louis Patrick J. , Waite Peter D.
Published: January 2017

Lateral augmentation of the angle of the mandible can be a useful procedure in treating lateral mandibular defects. It may also be useful in treating deficiencies in mandibular width. In this article we present a technique for augmentation of the lateral mandible using porous hydroxyapatite block and a discussion of three cases in which this technique was used.
The Isis Cruraplasty
Authors: Burres Steven
Published: January 2017

Most of the reshaping techniques for a blunt, bulbous nasal tip reduce the curvature and surface area of tip lobule cartilage, and they reform the tip to add definition. Unfortunately, the assemblage of surgical maneuvers frequently reduces valued projection, and it may result in an unnatural tip formation with a distasteful pattern of contracture. Employing the Isis cruraplasty allows incremental tip enhancement and narrowing, while restoring or preserving the natural configuration. After lateral dome division and undermining of the medial portion of the lateral crus, the lateral segment of the lateral crus was transected incrementally and advanced to reenforce the deficiency in rim support. Sewing the medial flanges together created a cartilaginous platform that supported the Isis graft, and/or it accommodated a columellar strut, if indicated. The Isis cruraplasty conserves virtually all of the lower lateral cartilage without compromising the potential for tip reshaping and augmentation.
Epithelial Insert Trial for Retention of Prosthetic Hair Replacement
Authors: Pignataro Anthony S.
Published: January 2017

Introduction:

Success in the retention of prosthetic teeth has led the author to believe that dental technology could be applied to scalp hair retention. The question to be answered is, “Can epithelial inserts work for prosthetic hair replacement?”

Material and Methods:

One volunteer was utilized to test the epithelial insert for prosthetic hair replacement. A pilot hole was drilled into the scalp on each side. On one side, a 5-mm mucosal insert was used, and on the other side, a 9-mm mucosal insert that engaged the underlying bone was utilized.

Results:

Pain, inflammation, discharge, and induration occurred in both implants. The implants were removed at the end of 6 weeks; there was no maturation of either one.

Discussion:

At the present time, epithelial inserts for retention of prosthetic hair replacement are not a viable option. Perhaps future studies can be designed to prevent the inflammatory and infectious process.
Orbicularis Oculi Muscle Resection for Crow's-Feet Rhytids
Authors: Johnston O. Lawrence , Chugay Nikolas V.
Published: January 2017

Introduction:

Crow's-feet rhytids are a common sign of aging. The deformity is produced by smiling and becomes persistent with dermal collagen shortening and skin laxity during the aging process. It was hypothesized that resection of the lateral orbicularis oculi muscle (OOM) would result in permanent loss of the rhytids lateral to the eyes.

Materials and Methods:

A retrospective analysis was made of 14 patients who had resection of a beveled crescent of the OOM between September 1993 and September 1996, either as a primary procedure or during a face-lift or brow-lift. Local anesthesia with intravenous sedation was used.

Results:

Each of the patients had marked improvement or complete resolution of the lateral eye rhytids. The only complication was temporary temporal alopecia following a concurrent forehead–brow lift.

Discussion:

Medical therapy for crow's-feet rhytids has included injections of collagen, fat, silicone microdrops, and Botulinum Toxin A as well as application of chemical peels, laser, retinoids, and vitamin A. Permanent resolution of the rhytids does not occur with these modalities. Surgical manipulation of the OOM with splitting and suturing techniques have resulted in only minimal success. Beveled crescent resection of the lateral portion of the OOM has eradicated or markedly improved the crow's-feet over a follow-up period of 1 to 51 months.
Secondary Rhinoplasty Using Autologous Bone for Nasal Dorsum Defects
Authors: Tapia Antonio , Blanch Agustin
Published: January 2017

Introduction:

Secondary rhinoplasty is a difficult procedure that requires familiarity (on the part of the practitioner) with the anatomy of the different possible deformities. The use of autologous grafts from parietal bone to augment the nasal dorsum is evaluated.

Materials and Methods:

There were 14 cases (6 female and 8 male) involving patients with saddle nose deformities; 9 of these cases involved patients with posttraumatic deformities, and 5 cases involved secondary rhinoplasties performed to treat the sequelae of aesthetic surgery. The ages of the patients ranged from 22 to 43 years; the average age of patients was 30.57 years.

Results:

During the immediate postoperative period, one hematoma was produced without consequences, and one case of slight displacement of the graft was observed 11 months postoperatively. The minimum length follow-up was 8 months and the maximum length was 3 years; the average length of follow-up was 12 months.

Conclusion:

The parietal bone graft allows for a high level of patient satisfaction, minimum risk, and unnoticeable residual deformity of the donor site.
Soft Tissue Contouring with Acellular Dermal Matrix Grafts
Authors: Maloney Brian P.
Published: January 2017

Introduction:

Acellular dermal grafts have been used extensively in the treatment of burn patients to replace lost dermis in combination with an overlying thin-skin graft. This study reports on the use of acellular dermal matrix grafts (AlloDerm) for soft tissue contouring of the face. Placement of grafts subcutaneously has resulted in successful enhancement of facial areas such as lips, forehead, tear trough deformity, acne, depressed scars, and nasolabial folds.

Materials and Methods:

Acellular dermal matrix grafts with biocompatible properties have been used in the treatment of burns, in plastic/reconstructive procedures, and in periodontal surgeries (AlloDerm acellular dermal graft, LifeCell Corporation, The Woodlands, Texas). AlloDerm is processed from donated skin procured by skin and tissue banks in the United States that comply with standards set forth by the Food and Drug Administration and the American Association of Tissue Banks. All donated materials are thoroughly screened serologically via culture for fast-growing microbes; donors are screened serologically for human immunodeficiency virus 1 and 2 (HIV-1 and -2); human lymphotrophic virus 1 (HTLV 1); hepatitis A, B, and C; and syphilis. Eighty-five procedures using the acellular dermal graft were performed on 39 patients with follow-up from 9 to 18 months. Patients with autoimmune connective tissue disease were excluded from receiving the graft.

Conclusions:

The study patients reported on here exhibited unique postoperative courses with this biological implant, these courses were characterized by initial swelling and contraction and then by either expansion and augmentation or else resorption. Short- and long-term postoperative observations are described, with a focus on the methods used to achieve optimal graft results. Acellular dermal matrix grafts make an excellent soft-tisue augmentation material. The process of tissue integration or remodeling of the matrix using the patients's own tissue makes this a very exciting implant.
Cutaneous Aging: A Review
Authors: Jáurez-Arce Verónica , Hernández-Pérez Enríque
Published: January 2017

A general overview of the aging process is presented herein including its pathogenesis, the theories that attempt to explain it, and the histological changes that support its clinical picture. The concepts of intrinsic aging and photoaging and their differences are discussed and a review of the therapeutic options is made.
The Treatment of Breast Implant Exposure: A Brief Report
Authors: Yvorchuk William
Published: January 2017

Some of the most serious problems with augmentation mammoplasty relate to the treatment of implant infection and implant exposure. This case report is presented to offer positive resolution of two cases involving the successful treatment of grossly exposed breast implants, one of which also involved chronic, advanced periprosthetic infection. The principle presented is offered to provide an alternative to traditional treatment of these problems that may allow for implant replacement, within a shorter period and with more reproducible results, free of complications.
Surgical Treatment of Cellulite and its Results
Authors: Lieberman Clara , Cohen Jose A.
Published: January 2017

Introduction:

Studies have demonstrated that the physiopathological cause of cellulite is fibrous “bridges” originating from the herniation of subcutaneous fat into the connective tissue zone that produce irregularities and unsightly patterns on the skin. This paper describes a treatment that separates the fibrosis of connective tissue from the dermis using liposuction cannulas, producing a homogenous tissue by breaking the bridges.

Materials and Methods:

Twenty Caucasian female patients with cellulite in the superior aspect of the lower extremities, characterized mainly by multiple irregularities and depressions, participated in this study. Six of the patients were obese and 14 were not overweight. The patients' ages ranged from 21 to 50 years, and their weights ranged from 50 to 84 kg (110–185 lb). The 6 overweight patients underwent surgical treatment that involved liposuction of the anterior, posterior, and lateral thighs with the release of the fibrous tissue bridges from the anterior area of the thigh with blunt thin cannulas. The other 14 patients underwent only separation of the bridges, without any fat aspiration. For all patients, liposculpture was performed in all of the deformed and bulging areas. All patients used compression garments, massage therapy, and exercise after the procedure.

Results:

Of the 20 patients, 14 exhibited clinical disappearance of the visible irregularities of cellulite. In 4 patients, visible but insufficient improvement was seen, and in 2 of the obese patients, the improvement was minimal. For the 6 patients with less-than-satisfactory results, it was necessary to repeat the treatment after 4 months, with removal of more fat, and then optimal results were observed.

Discussion:

The surgical treatment using liposuction with the release of the fibrous tissue bridges with blunt thin cannulas resolves the cellulite deformity, producing results that are satisfactory to both the physician and the patient.

Conclusions:

Separation of the fibrosis of connective tissue from the dermis using liposuction cannulas with local tumescent anesthesia is the treatment indicated for cellulite, since it resolves the problem. The procedure is extremely safe and causes no harm. It should be the first choice when treating cellulite.
Big Text Corpora & Mixed Methods – The Roman Five Star Movement Blog
Authors: Di Giammaria Loris , Faggiano Maria Paola
Published: January 2017

This paper presents the most significant results of a study into the political communication of the Rome branch of the M5S, or Five Stars Movement, conducted through analysis of its blog, a big text corpus, comprising posts, comments and images, which brought together between the period immediately prior to the May 2013 administrative elections and the present day. This corpus was subjected to advanced statistical text analysis, and targeted hermeneutic and content analysis. Semiotic analyses of visual material were also performed, in addition to network analyses of blog contributors and analyses of communicational efficacy. Research team members from several disciplines and a variety of institutions, worked in constant collaboration, adopting a mixed-method approach.
Ties that Bother - Ties that Matter
Authors: Hosnedlová Renáta
Published: January 2017

The aim of this article is to show that it is necessary to consider the negative, latent and lost ties, and those with the quality “zero” when studying the formation, change and reaffirmation of residential intentions and decisions. We use the case of Ukrainian immigrants residing in Spain, where we focus on the negative ties and the effects of relational strain among third parties, applying the approach of qualitative social network analysis. We pinpoint the compositional and structural characteristics of negative ties that are significant concerning decision-making process and constructing collecting data tools.
Nutrition as a component of dementia risk reduction strategies
Authors: Greenwood Carol E. , Parrott Matthew D.
Published: January 2017

According to the Alzheimer Society of Canada, within the next generation, Canada will experience a more than doubling of individuals living with dementia and a potentially economically crippling 10-fold increase in costs to Canadians. Up to 50% of cases with dementia can be attributed to seven modifiable, predominantly vascular and/or lifestyle-associated, risk factors. Multi-modal dementia risk reduction strategies, targeting diet, exercise, mental stimulation, and vascular risk monitoring, are likely to be the most successful. Diet-related strategies need to focus on overall diet quality and not on individual foods or nutrients. High-quality diets that are associated with better cognitive function and lower dementia risk with aging are high in vegetables, fruits, nuts, whole grains, and fish and low in red meat, high-fat dairy products, sweets, and highly processed foods. It is the time to embed risk reduction strategies into our public health and healthcare infrastructure to proactively address the challenges posed by population aging.
A review of Canadian and international dementia strategies
Authors: Edick Cole , Holland Nicole , Ashbourne Jessica , Elliott Jacobi , Stolee Paul
Published: January 2017

To inform future strategy development in Canada and other jurisdictions, we undertook an Internet search to identify existing national and Canadian provincial dementia strategies and their major themes. Twenty-two dementia strategies were identified through an Internet search, supplemented by hand searches of reference lists of retrieved documents. Thematic analysis identified 17 strategic themes; common themes included improved diagnoses and assessments, increased access to care, and improved education of the healthcare workforce. This review reinforces the importance of a multi-faceted response to dementia and illustrates that, despite variation in needs across populations and geographies, there are many common priorities. The strategic themes identified in this review may provide a useful starting point for the development of new national strategies or, alternatively, as a check to determine if important priority areas have been missed in strategy development.
New technology and the chain of safety
Authors: Martell Rob , Macartney Jason T. , Portnik Danielle
Published: January 2017

Healthcare is currently experiencing an exponential growth in medical technology but it has not kept pace with similar industries such as the airline industry. New technology has the potential to improve patient safety, but if the introduction of new technology into the healthcare setting is not coordinated in a thoughtful, proactive manner, there may be weak links in the chain of safety that may expose risks for patients. We describe three concepts that represent this chain of safety. We suggest that these are shared among all leadership and frontline staff and that these concepts require their full attention and investment in order to keep the chain of safety intact and avoid a single weak link in implementing new technology.
Une analyse éthique appropriée s’impose
Authors: Flaming Don
Published: January 2017

Les leaders en santé gèrent de nombreux types de risques. Le risque éthique associé aux multiples projets et activités, réalisés régulièrement hors du secteur de la recherche, est probablement négligé (p. ex., évaluation de programmes, amélioration de la qualité et innovation en santé). La mise en application de l’éthique clinique, personnelle, professionnelle et organisationnelle peut contribuer à atténuer les risques, mais ensemble ou séparément, ces divers types d’éthique ne suffisent pas. Chaque type de projet ou d’activité doit être assorti d’une analyse éthique qui lui est adaptée. Les leaders en santé doivent d’abord prendre conscience du fait que de nombreuses activités réalisées au sein de leur organisation comportent un risque éthique, puis soutenir les divers types d’analyse éthique nécessaires pour bien protéger et respecter les individus et leurs renseignements personnels.
Pediatric Autoimmune Epileptic Encephalopathies
Authors: Wright Sukhvir , Vincent Angela
Published: January 2017

Pediatric autoimmune epileptic encephalopathies are predominantly characterized by the presence of autoantibodies to the surface of neuronal proteins, for example, N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) receptor antibodies, but also include diseases with non–cell surface antibodies (eg, anti-Hu, glutamic-acid decarboxylase antibodies). In some cases with distinct clinical and para-clinical features, an autoimmune epileptic encephalopathy can be diagnosed without the presence of an antibody and will also respond favorably to immunotherapy. In this review, we summarize the common presentations of pediatric autoimmune epileptic encephalopathies, treatments, and outcomes, and report recent findings in the field of epilepsy, encephalopathy, and the immune system.
Prevention and Management of Metabolic Alkalosis
Authors: Friedman Beth S. , Lumb Philip D.
Published: January 2017

Metabolic alkalosis is the most common acid-base disor der seen in hospitalized patients. There are three types of metabolic alkalosis: chloride responsive, chloride re sistant, and exogenous administration of alkali. Chlo ride-responsive alkalosis is the most common.

Metabolic alkalosis can result in numerous metabolic abnormalities as well as cardiovascular and neurological dysfunction. Histamine H2-receptor antagonists are im portant in the prevention, control, and acute treatment of chloride-responsive metabolic alkalosis. In most pa tients chloride-responsive metabolic alkalosis can be managed successfully with fluid therapy and H 2-recep tor antagonists or a carbonic anhydrase inhibitor (for example, acetazolamide).
The Hemodynamic Effects of H2 Antagonists in Intensive Care Unit Patients
Authors: Iberti Thomas J.
Published: January 2017

Many critical care patients require intravenously ad ministered H2-receptor antagonists to reduce the acidity of gastric acid secretions and prevent the incidence of stress-related mucosal damage. These patients are often already hemodynamically compromised or unstable. The use of an H2-receptor antagonist that further com promises the cardiovascular status of these critically ill patients could prove detrimental.
Physical Intimate Partner Violence and Controlling Behavior in Mexican University Students and Their Attitudes Toward Social Limits
Authors: Esquivel-Santoveña Esteban Eugenio , Hernández Rogelio Rodríguez , Viveros Nemesio Castillo , Orozco Francisco López , van Barneveld Hans Oudhof
Published: January 2017

This study explored patterns of controlling behavior, physical violence, and attitudes toward social limits in young Mexican university students in light of the effect that socialization processes have in attitudes toward social norms and violent behavior as indicated in some of the literature. A total of 437 male and female heterosexual participants residing in Ciudad Juárez, Mexico, provided information on their perpetration/victimization experiences of controlling behavior (by means of the Controlling Behaviors Scale) and physical violence (using the Revised Conflict Tactics Scales [CTS2]) and their attitudes toward social limits (using the Attitudes Toward Social Limits scale). Results indicate similar chronicity levels of experienced controlling behavior and physical violence perpetration/victimization between the sexes. Participants expressed major tendency to adjust to a social norm rather than overstepping it. Males tend to overstep social limits more often than females, although no significant linear relationship was found between abusive behavior and attitudes promoting the infringement of social norms. Higher chronicity levels were rather found by dyadic type, relationships with mutual physical intimate partner violence (IPV), and controlling behavior in comparison with relationships where unidirectional violence prevails. Implications of findings involve the acknowledgment of change in dynamics used by more educated young Mexicans, and the recognition of IPV in these populations as a heterogeneous phenomenon for primary and secondary interventions.
Influence of Perceived Femininity, Masculinity, Race/Ethnicity, and Socioeconomic Status on Intimate Partner Violence Among Sexual-Minority Women
Authors: Steele Sarah M. , Everett Bethany G. , Hughes Tonda L.
Published: January 2017

Sexual-minority women (SMW) are believed to experience comparable or higher rates of intimate partner violence (IPV) than heterosexual women. In this study, we expand upon existing research by examining the intersectional relationships among self-perceptions of femininity and masculinity, race/ethnicity, socioeconomic status (SES), and IPV. Data are obtained from the most recent wave of the longitudinal Chicago Health and Life Experiences of Women study that included a diverse sample of SMW ( N = 608). We use multivariate generalized linear models to investigate self-perceptions of femininity and masculinity, race/ethnicity, and SES differences in multiple types of IPV, including moderate IPV, severe IPV, and a sexual-minority-specific measure of IPV, threat of “outing” one’s partner. Results suggest no differences across self-perceptions of femininity and masculinity in SMW’s reporting of victimization but clear differences based on race/ethnicity and SES. Implications for providing support to SMW who experience IPV and suggestions for future research are discussed.
The Federal Judiciary and Corrections: Breaking the “Hands-Off” Doctrine
Authors: Sigler Robert T. , Shook Chadwick L.
Published: January 2017

The ‘hands off doctrine’ defined the relationship between the federal courts and departments of corrections. The doctrine remained securely in place until the 1960s and 1970s when the actions combined with exceptionally poor prison conditions in Alabama and Arkansas combined to breech the doctrine. Once the doctrine was breached, violations of the full range of constitutional rights became causes of action for inmates.
Supervised Pretrial Release: Policy Issues That Must Be Explored to Create Appropriate Programs
Authors: Schachter Hindy Lauer
Published: January 2017

This article examines some policy concerns associated with implementing supervised pretrial release programs that have the least restrictive conditions necessary to protect the community and ensure defendants do not flee before trial. Responding to a literature critiquing traditional pretrial treatment of defendants, jurisdictions have augmented the standard bail/no bail dichotomy to allow release under supervision. Critics argue that this innovation can lead to net widening (forcing supervision on defendants who might have made release-on-recognizance in the original system), overintrusive monitoring, loss of confidentiality of information secured from defendants in intense pretrial interviews, and an overextensive role for relatively unaccountable private organizations in the supervision process. Analyzing these concerns is a prerequisite for structuring programs with minimal problems.
Medicaid Fraud: Actions, Actors, and Policy
Authors: Payne Brian K.
Published: January 2017

Health care reform and crime are two current controversial political issues. Combining the two topics, this research examines the criminal acts brought to the attention of Medicaid Fraud Control Units throughout the United States. To address the fraudulent actors and actions involved in Medicaid fraud, 572 incidents of Medicaid fraud reported to the units are analyzed. Also, findings from a survey of unit directors are included to describe the problems the units face battling the fraudulent activities. Findings indicate that various types of fraud are committed by all types of health care providers and societal changes make the task of prosecuting fraud problematic. Implications and recommendations are provided in the conclusion.
Jury Decision Making and the Effect of Victim Impact Statements in the Penalty Phase
Authors: Newman Deborah Wilkins
Published: January 2017

Research supports the finding that jurors' decisions are affected by many variables other than the evidence presented during trial. Most of this research has focused on jury decision making during the guilt determining phase of the trial, while very little study has been devoted to the sentencing phase. As victims of crime have demanded more attention in the criminal justice system over the past decade, more cases and research have focused on the “rights” of victims and how they may have an impact on the outcome of a criminal trial. This article examines the research regarding the variables which affect jury decision making during the guilt and penalty phases of a criminal case while emphasizing the need for further research in the area of how victim impact evidence affects the jury's decision.
The “Punishment Lottery”: An Immodest Proposal for Maximizing Deterrence, Doing Justice, and Reducing Prison Overcrowding, All at Once
Authors: Wright Richard A.
Published: January 2017

This paper offers a new proposal for the sentencing of most convicted felons that promises simultaneously to promote general deterrence and to reduce prison overcrowding in a fair manner. Called the “punishment lottery,” I recommend subjecting convictees to a random system that imposes prison sentences that are usually shorter, but sometimes longer, than current sentences. Specific guidelines are suggested for enacting my proposal. I then offer empirical evidence and argumentation to support my claims that the punishment lottery can deter potential offenders, accomplish the retributive goal of fairness, and substantially reduce prison overcrowding, all at once.
Monitoring and Controlling Criminal Offenders Using the Satellite Global Positioning System Coupled to Surgically Implanted Transponders: Is It a Viable Alternative to Prison?
Authors: Toombs Thomas G.
Published: January 2017

This essay criticizes the continuing use of prisons as the primary means of controlling adjudicated criminal offenders. After conceding that prisons do control, but in ways which violate most of what has been discovered and should be known about how to promote lasting, positive behavior change, the argument is advanced that prisons are obsolete and should be replaced by a satellite surveillance system that would offer a better, less costly method to both monitor and control criminal offenders under conditions with far more potential for successful rehabilitation efforts.
Raising the Bar on Teacher Quality: Assessing the Impact of Increasing Licensure Exam Cut-Scores
Authors: Shuls James V.
Published: January 2017

State policy makers are constantly looking for ways to improve teacher quality. An oft tried method is to increase the rigor of licensure exams. This study utilizes state administrative data from Arkansas to determine whether raising the cut-scores on licensure exams would improve the quality of the teacher workforce. In addition, the study explores the trade-offs of such a policy decision. It is concluded that raising the required passing score on the Praxis II would increase the quality of the teacher workforce, as measured by value-added student achievement. This change, however, would be accompanied with an important trade-off as it would reduce the number of minority teachers and potentially lead to negative outcomes in disadvantaged schools.
Association Between Depression and Elder Abuse and the Mediation of Social Support: A Cross-Sectional Study of Elder Females in Mexico City
Authors: Vilar-Compte Mireya , Giraldo-Rodríguez Liliana , Ochoa-Laginas Adriana , Gaitan-Rossi Pablo
Published: January 2017

Objective: We assessed the association between depression and elder abuse, and the mediation effect of social support among elder women in Mexico City. Method: A total of 526 noninstitutionalized elder women, residing in Mexico City and attending public community centers were selected. Logistic regressions and structural equation models (SEM) were estimated. Results: One fifth of the elderly women were at risk of depression, one third suffered some type of abuse in the past 12 months, and 82% reported low social support. Logistic models confirmed that depression was statistically associated with elder abuse and vice versa (odds ratio [OR] = 1.97 and 1.96, respectively). In both models, social support significantly reduced the association between these variables leading to study these associations through SEM. This approach highlighted that social support buffers the association between depression and elder abuse. Discussion: Findings underline the relevance of programs and strategies targeted at increasing social support among urban older adults.
The Pain in the Gift and the Gift in the Pain
Authors: Herdt Jennifer A.
Published: January 2017

If we are searching, over the past half-century or so, for the finest articulation of the Augustinian vision of God as the One who satisfies the deepest desire of our heart by way of uprooting desires that more often than not feel like our deepest desires, we would do well to sit at the feet of Gilbert Meilaender. Meilaender rightly suggests that it is only when we see as God does that we can fully recognize what in our created and/or fallen nature is in need of transformation. That said, even where God is not known as the deepest desire of the heart, happiness can be grasped as coming by way of the painful upending of desires. This is what eudaemonist virtue ethics should lead us to expect, even if it is not Christian—as this article seeks to illustrate by way of reflection on ancient Stoic oikeiosis on the one hand, and modern ecological consciousness on the other.
Political Life under God: Some Questions for Gilbert Meilaender
Authors: Werpehowski William
Published: January 2017

How do Christian beliefs about human nature and destiny set possibilities for and limits to our political aspirations and goals? Specifically, what is the proper relation between a theology of creation and soteriology in Christian political ethics? This article considers these questions through an interpretation of the development of Gilbert Meilaender’s political thought. It concludes with some questions about that development as it stands, as well as from the standpoint of salient themes in Roman Catholic social teaching.
Politics and Beatitude
Authors: Gregory Eric
Published: January 2017

The limits and secularity of political life have been signature themes of modern Augustinianism, often couched in non-theological language of realism and the role of religion in public life. In dialogue with Gilbert Meilaender, this article inverts and theologizes that interest by asking how Augustinian pilgrims might characterize the positive relation of political history to saving history and the ways in which political action in time might teach us something about the nature of salvation that comes to us from beyond history. This relation of continuity and discontinuity eludes dogmatic formulation, but the goal of the present article is to see where a shared Augustinianism and a shared commitment to aspects of the liberal political tradition might find illuminating disagreement.
Corrosion resistant hydrophobic coating using modified conducting polyaniline
Authors: Adhikari Arindam , Karpoormath Rajshekhar , Radha S , Singh Shammi Kumar , Mutthukannan R , Bharate Gahininath , Vijayan M
Published: January 2017

Almost all metals and their alloys are vulnerable to corrosion. To avoid structural damage and to avoid loss of its functionality, the most common protection method used is the application of a coating. In the present work, hydrophobic coatings using modified conducting polyaniline (PAni) were prepared and their corrosion-resistant properties were investigated. Modified PAni was prepared via two different techniques, conventional and rapid mixing method, in the presence of phenyl phosphonic acid (PPA) as dopant. The different PAni-PPA powders thus prepared were dispersed in an epoxy resin and coated on mild steel samples by drawing method. Tremendous improvement in hydrophobicity of the PAni-PPA (rapid)/epoxy was observed as compared to epoxy resin containing PAni-PPA (conventional method). The anticorrosion properties of these coatings on mild steel in 3 wt% NaCl were investigated using different electrochemical methods. Initial redox reactions and changes in conductivity of coating were reflected in the variations of open circuit potential (OCP). Both the coatings displayed stable high OCP, maintained their oxidative state, and provided corrosion protection for mild steel for more than 30 days. PAni-PPA (rapid)/epoxy gave better corrosion protection and showed higher ennoblement which may be due to the small particle size of PAni-PPA (rapid) leading to homogeneous mixing and better dispersion in the epoxy resin. Moreover, this coating is more hydrophobic in nature which is added advantage in case of corrosion-resistant coatings. The present investigation deals with preparation of highly (near super) hydrophobic coating containing conducting polymers for anticorrosion applications.
Chip formation and similarity in the plano-grinding of explosive surrogates
Authors: Jackson Mark J , Nelson Jameson K , Whitfield Michael D , Morrell Jonathan S , Handy Rodney G , Schmidt Peter L
Published: January 2017

The processing of polymer-bonded explosives is not widely reported in the literature, especially the machining of explosive surrogates in the combined planing and grinding operation known as plano-grinding. The process of machining long pieces of an inert substitute using a wax binder to hold sugar particles together and then subjecting the surrogate material to a linear cutting motion to generate chip fragments is described. The aim and purpose of this work is to analyze the machining of explosive surrogates in terms of chip formation models (oscillating and stress ratio models) and similarity models (chip compression ratio, Poletica, and Peclet numbers). The analysis of machining is compared to standard engineering materials so that the explosives engineer can benchmark machining performance of explosive surrogates to standard materials. The article concludes with statements on how to improve the understanding of machining of explosive surrogates with specifically engineered abrasive cutting tools.
Finite element analysis of a jounce bumper with negative Poisson’s ratio structure
Authors: Wang Yuanlong , Wang Liangmo , Ma Zheng-dong , Wang Tao
Published: January 2017

Jounce bumpers in automotive suspension are key components that can improve the noise, vibration, and harshness performance of entire vehicle. Traditional jounce bumper made of polyurethane usually cannot satisfy the mechanical performances required by noise, vibration, and harshness optimization. In addition, the application of hyperelastic material influenced the efficiency and reliability of numerical calculations of polyurethane jounce bumper. In this paper, an engineering negative Poisson’s ratio structure was introduced and applied on the jounce bumper. The negative Poisson’s ratio jounce bumper can be mainly defined by few structure parameters. The finite element analysis of the negative Poisson’s ratio jounce bumper was conducted applied explicit method. The influences of loading velocity and material densities on computational time and numerical results were researched. The results indicated that enlargements of material densities and loading velocity can improve the computational efficiency and have limited influence on reliability. Furthermore, a negative Poisson’s ratio jounce bumper prototype was manufactured and tested to verify the numerical results. It was proved that the finite element analysis of the negative Poisson’s ratio jounce bumper was reliable both in load–displacement curve and deformation shapes. Compared to the traditional jounce bumper, the negative Poisson’s ratio jounce bumper can achieve similar mechanical behavior but with a smoother load–displacement curve, which is beneficial to the vehicle’s noise, vibration, and harshness performance.
Mechatronic design optimization of the mechanism in a sewing machine
Authors: Bilel Najlaoui , Mohamed Nejlaoui , Zouhaier Affi , Lotfi Romdhane
Published: January 2017

This work deals with the multiobjective mechatronic design optimization of a sewing machine. The mechatronic model of the machine is developed based on the coupling of the needle bar and thread take-up lever mechanism dynamic and the DC motor models. Based on the mechatronic model, the consumed energy, the DC motor load, and the coupler tracking error are minimized, simultaneously. The multiobjective imperialist competitive algorithm is used to perform the mechatronic design optimization. The obtained results show that if the user allows a small tracking error, he can significantly reduce the motor load, the vibration, and the consumed energy of the sewing machine.
Investigation of machining characterization for wire wear ratio & MRR on pure titanium in WEDM process through response surface methodology
Authors: Kumar Anish , Kumar Vinod , Kumar Jatinder
Published: January 2017

WEDM process is usually used in manufacturing industries to machine electrically conductive materials with complex shapes and varying degree of hardness. This study mainly involves the development of empirical models for wire wear ratio and material removal rate, in terms of six prominent input parameters using response surface methodology. The objective of developing the model is to establish the quantitative relationship between the output and the input control parameters. The effect of significant terms on machined work surface and wear out wire surface topography was analyzed through energy dispersive X-ray analysis and scanning electron microscope techniques. The wire and machined surface topography was deteriorated and appeared in the form of craters, spherical particles, globules of debris and micro-cracks.
Dual solutions of an unsteady magnetohydrodynamic stagnation-point flow of a nanofluid with heat and mass transfer in the presence of thermophoresis
Authors: Zaib Aurang , Bhattacharyya Krishnendu , Urooj SA , Shafie Sharidan
Published: January 2017

The unsteady two-dimensional magnetohydrodynamic stagnation point flow of a nanofluid with thermophoresis effect is investigated numerically. The technique of similarity transformation is implemented to obtain the self-similar ordinary differential equations and then the self-similar equations are solved numerically using shooting method. This analysis explores the conditions of the existence, non-existence, uniqueness, and duality of the solutions of self-similar equations numerically. Dual solutions of velocity, temperature and concentration profiles are reported for different values of the each parameter involved for two types of nanoparticles, namely copper (Cu) and gold (Au) in the water-based fluid. It is found that the dual solutions exist for negative values of unsteady parameter A, whereas for positive values of unsteady parameter, the solution is unique. The results also indicate that the nanoparticle volume fraction reduces the skin friction coefficient, the heat transfer rate as well as mass transfer rate. Further, due to increase of thermophoresis parameter, the concentration inside the boundary layer reduces and the mass transfer rate enhances. In addition, to validate the present numerical results, comparison with published results is made and found to be in excellent agreement.
Needle-like instruments for steering through solid organs: A review of the scientific and patent literature
Authors: Scali Marta , Pusch Tim P , Breedveld Paul , Dodou Dimitra
Published: January 2017

High accuracy and precision in reaching target locations inside the human body is necessary for the success of percutaneous procedures, such as tissue sample removal (biopsy), brachytherapy, and localized drug delivery. Flexible steerable needles may allow the surgeon to reach targets deep inside solid organs while avoiding sensitive structures (e.g. blood vessels). This article provides a systematic classification of possible mechanical solutions for three-dimensional steering through solid organs. A scientific and patent literature search of steerable instrument designs was conducted using Scopus and Web of Science Derwent Innovations Index patent database, respectively. First, we distinguished between mechanisms in which deflection is induced by the pre-defined shape of the instrument versus mechanisms in which an actuator changes the deflection angle of the instrument on demand. Second, we distinguished between mechanisms deflecting in one versus two planes. The combination of deflection method and number of deflection planes led to eight logically derived mechanical solutions for three-dimensional steering, of which one was dismissed because it was considered meaningless. Next, we classified the instrument designs retrieved from the scientific and patent literature into the identified solutions. We found papers and patents describing instrument designs for six of the seven solutions. We did not find papers or patents describing instruments that steer in one-plane on-demand via an actuator and in a perpendicular plane with a pre-defined deflection angle via a bevel tip or a pre-curved configuration.
HIV diagnosis in older adults
Authors: Metcalfe Rebecca , Schofield Joe , Milosevic Catriona , Peters Seija
Published: January 2017

It is recognised that those diagnosed with HIV infection over the age of 50 have higher rates of morbidity and mortality. Little is known about how clinical presentation at diagnosis of HIV varies within this group. We sought to compare clinical presentation and markers of outcome among those diagnosed with HIV aged 60 and over vs. those diagnosed aged 50–59, over a ten-year period. The results showed that 84/111 were diagnosed with HIV aged 50–59 and 27/111 aged ≥60. Ethnicity and HIV risk factors were similar between groups, and most infections were sexually acquired with 7.4% of those aged ≥60 suspected to have a recent infection. Median CD4 cell count at presentation was significantly lower in the ≥60 age group (111 vs. 249; p < 0.001), and the proportion with a CD4 cell count <50 was also significantly lower in this population (33% vs. 15%; p = 0.04). In keeping with this, the frequency of AIDS-defining illness at diagnosis was higher in the ≥60 group (38% vs. 4%; p < 0.001). Co-morbidities were found in both groups, and 38% of those aged ≥60 at diagnosis were known to have since died compared to 4% of those aged 50–59 at diagnosis ( p ≤ 0.01). Those aged ≥60 had lower CD4 cell counts at diagnosis and more AIDS-defining illnesses, highlighting the increased risk of poor outcomes in this group. The majority of infections were sexually acquired. More work is needed to understand survival in adults diagnosed with HIV at an older age and to consider those over 60 as a specific population worthy of further research.
Simultaneous measurements of fine and coarse droplets of wet steam in a 330 MW steam turbine by using imaging method
Authors: Yang Bin , Xiang Yanhui , Cai Xiaoshu , Zhou Wu , Liu Hao , Li Shizhu , Gao Wei
Published: January 2017

In order to fully comprehend the properties of fine and coarse droplets of wet steam flow in the steam turbine, the simultaneous imaging measurements method for fine and coarse droplets of wet steam was proposed based on RGB three wavelength bands light extinction and single frame single exposure principles. The innovative probe based on that method, which consisted of a telecentric lens and a color camera, was developed. The algorithm of RGB three wavelength bands light extinction was proposed for measuring the size distribution and wetness of fine droplets. And an imaging method based on single frame single exposure was used for the measurement of size, velocity, flow direction, and amount concentration of coarse water. The probe was applied to measure the wet steam in downstream of the last stage of a 330 MW steam turbine. The measured size and wetness of the fine droplets are in the range of 0.7–0.9 µm and between 6% and 9%, respectively. The maximum velocity and diameter of the coarse water droplet could reach 225.7 m/s and about 200 µm, respectively. Furthermore, several kinds of special forms coarse droplets images were obtained. And the characteristic and forming reasons of these coarse droplets were preliminarily discussed for the further experimental study.