bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
La ambigüedad de la ciudad insular
Authors: Vulkers Mieke
Published: March 2022

This article proposes a mythocritical reading of the urban spaces in Tus pasos en la escalera by Antonio Muñoz Molina. On the basis of the image of the island and castaway myth in fundamental texts like the Odyssey and Robinson Crusoe, the term ‘insular city’ is introduced. The insular city is characterized as an ambiguous space, oscillating between imprisonment and protective refuge. Based on the orders of the image, introduced by Durand, the projection of the insular city in Tus pasos en la escalera is connected to castaway myth as represented in the Odyssey.

El presente artículo propone una lectura mitocrítica de los espacios urbanos de Tus pasos en la escalera, de Antonio Muñoz Molina. Partiendo de la imagen de la isla y el mito del náufrago en textos fundacionales como la Odisea y Robinson Crusoe, se introduce el término 'ciudad insular'. La ciudad insular se caracteriza como un espacio ambiguo que oscila entre el encierro forzoso y el refugio protector. A partir de los regímenes del imaginario de Durand, se conecta la plasmación de la ciudad insular en Tus pasos en la escalera con el mito del náufrago representado en la Odisea.
Imagen de mujer sentada en las penumbras de un tren. Análisis de la novela Tormento de Benito Pérez Galdós
Authors: Moreno Rodríguez Ramón
Published: March 2022

From an image (Amparo Emperador sitting in the shadows of a train carriage) I start to make an analysis of the protagonist of the novel Tormento in which I will develop three aspects: the conflict of the psyche between the id and the super-ego, the problematic hero that Lucien Goldmann proposes in his book For a sociology of the novel and the criticism against Spanish society prior to the Revolution of 68 carried out by Galdós. These three aspects reviewed are made from Psychocritics and Marxist analysis of literature.

A partir de una imagen (Amparo Emperador sentada en las penumbras de un carro de tren) parto para hacer un análisis de la protagonista de la novela Tormento en el que desarrollaré tres aspectos: el conflicto de la psique entre el ello y el súper-yo, el héroe problemático que propone Lucien Goldmann en su libro Para una sociología de la novela y la crítica contra la sociedad española previa a la Revolución del 68 que realiza Galdós. Estos tres aspectos revisados los realizo a partir de la psicocrítica y el análisis marxista de la literatura.
Historia del corazón, historia de una traducción seguida del Epistolario de Vicente Aleixandre a Jacques Comincioli
Authors: Pérez Luciana , Vauthier Bénédicte
Published: March 2022

This article describes and analyses the letters that Vicente Aleixandre wrote from 1960 to 1983 to Jacques Comincioli (1932-2018). The exchange originated in the Swiss Hispanist's proposal to translate Historia del corazón (1954) into French. The correspondence recounts the vicissitudes of this project and in doing so sketches a snapshot of Spanish literature making its way into foreign literary markets during Franco's regime. Read in the light of other correspondence collections, it enriches the interpretation of Aleixandre’s epistolary corpus, and that of other members of the Generation of 1927, who corresponded with young Hispanists during Franco's regime.

Este artículo describe y analiza las cartas que Vicente Aleixandre dirigió de 1960 a 1983 a Jacques Comincioli (1932-2018). El intercambio se origina en la propuesta del hispanista suizo de traducir al francés Historia del corazón (1954). La correspondencia hace memoria de los avatares de este proyecto y se esboza así una instantánea de la literatura española abriéndose paso en los mercados literarios extranjeros durante el franquismo. Leídas a la luz de otros epistolarios, se enriquece la interpretación del epistolario aleixandrino, y el de otros miembros de la generación del 1927 que se cartearon con jóvenes hispanistas durante el franquismo.
Muestreo de la novela de campus española
Authors: Gómez de Maya Julián
Published: March 2022

Among the emerging trends within the contemporary narrative, the subgender called campus novel, with the university as its central motif, has been irradiated from the Anglo-American literature. The present work tries to inventory the samples that the current Hispanic novelistic has given due to its influence, without neglecting the fulfilled list of its precedents under other presuppositions of approach.

Entre las modas emergentes dentro de la narrativa contemporánea se ha extendido desde la literatura angloamericana el subgénero adjetivado como de campus, con la universidad tomada por su motivo central. El presente trabajo procura inventariar las muestras que a su influjo ha dado la novelística hispana actual sin desatender la cumplida nómina de sus precedentes bajo otros presupuestos de enfoque.
Volver a Trilce y sus primeros lectores. En los bordes de una recepción centenaria
Authors: Manzoni Celina
Published: March 2022

El artículo se propone el análisis de dos momentos inaugurales en la recepción de, por una parte, la primera edición de Trilce de César Vallejo en Lima en 1922 y, en un segundo movimiento el de la segunda edición en Madrid en 1930. Más que un intento de recrear una historia editorial, supone un ademán crítico interesado en reponer miradas que ilustran, con los instrumentos propios del momento de su enunciación, un deslumbramiento ante lo que muchos no vacilaron en considerar un enigma.
Trilce, un lenguaje en devenir
Authors: Salazar Ina
Published: March 2022

Este artículo examina lo que produce en la escritura de Trilce la tensión entre la imantación moderna y la pérdida del centro primordial vividas por el poeta provinciano migrante que es Vallejo. Se analiza más precisamente cómo esa vivencia paradójica de dos centros de signo opuesto desterritorializa la palabra situándola en una zona de riesgo y de permanente devenir, planteándose a su vez la pregunta del impacto de las vías vanguardistas abiertas en el designio vallejiano de un trabajo viviente de la poesía.
Diamond spin quantum sensing under extreme conditions
Authors: Liu Gang-Qin ,   Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China,   CAS Center of Excellence in Topological Quantum Computation, Beijing 100190, China,   Songshan Lake Materials Laboratory, Dongguan 523808, China
Published: March 2022

Extreme conditions, such as ultra-low temperatures, high pressures, and strong magnetic fields, are critical to producing and studying exotic states of matter. To measure physical properties under extreme conditions, the advanced sensing schemes are required. As a promising quantum sensor, the diamond nitrogen-vacancy (NV) center can detect magnetic field, electronic field, pressure, and temperature with high sensitivity. Considering its nanoscale spatial resolution and ultra-wide working range, the diamond quantum sensing can play an important role in frontier studies involving extreme conditions. This paper reviews the spin and optical properties of diamond NV center under extreme conditions, including low temperature, high temperature, zero field, strong magnetic fields, and high pressures. The opportunities and challenges of diamond quantum sensing under extreme conditions are discussed. The basic knowledge of spin-based quantum sensing and its applications under extreme conditions are also covered.
Nano-printing technology based double-spiral terahertz tunable metasurface
Authors: Yu Bo , Zhuang Shu-Lei , Wang Zheng-Xin , Wang Man-Shi , Guo Lan-Jun , Li Xin-Yu , Guo Wen-Rui , Su Wen-Ming , Gong Cheng , Liu Wei-Wei ,   Tianjin Key Laboratory of Micro-scale Optical Information Science and Technology, Institute of Modern Optics of Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China,   Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics (SINANO), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou 215123, China
Published: March 2022

Electromagnetic devices made of artificially constructed metasurfaces can achieve filtering, modulation, sensing, and detection functions in the terahertz frequency band, which is essential for the applications of terahertz waves in the fields of communication and imaging. We design and prepare a flexible and transparent double spiral metasurface based on nano-printing technology, and use the metasurface to construct a rotating tunable filter, which can achieve regular tuning of the terahertz wave transmittance by rotating the metasurface. After rotating 90°, the transmittance at 0.52 THz increases from 8% to 67%, and the transmittance at 0.92 THz decreases from 68% to 3%, thus realizing active tuning with modulation depth greater than 88%. Moreover, the proposed nano-printing metasurfaces have excellent properties of ultra-thinness, flexibility, and visible light transparency, which are conducive to the miniaturization, light-weight and large-area preparation of terahertz tunable devices.
Research progress of two-dimensional quantum spin Hall insulator in monolayer 1T'-WTe2
Authors: Jia Liang-Guang , Liu Meng , Chen Yao-Yao , Zhang Yu , Wang Ye-Liang ,   School of Integrated Circuits and Electronics, MIIT Key Laboratory for Low-Dimensional Quantum Structure and Devices, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
Published: March 2022

Quantum spin Hall effect, usually existing in two-dimensional (2D) topological insulators, has topologically protected helical edge states. In the year 2014, there was raised a theoretical prediction that monolayer transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) with 1T' phase are expected to be a new class of 2D quantum spin Hall insulators. The monolayer 1T'-WTe2 has attracted much attention, because it has various excellent characteristics such as stable atomic structures, an obvious bandgap opening in the bulk of monolayer 1T'-WTe2, and tunable topological properties, which paves the way for realizing a new generation of spintronic devices. In this review, we mainly summarize the recent experimental progress of the 2D quantum spin Hall insulators in monolayer 1T'-WTe2, including the sample preparation via a molecular beam epitaxy technique, the detection of helical edge states and their response on external magnetic fields, as well as the modulation of more rich and novel quantum states under electron doping or strain. Finally, we also prospect the future applications based on monolayer 1T'-WTe2.
Real Boys Carry Girly Epics: Normalising Gender Bending in Online Games
Authors: MacCallum-Stewart Esther
Published: March 2022

Players in online games frequently choose the opposite gender when they select an avatar. Previously, this has been attributed to a player's unconscious sexual anxieties and the need to experiment through the anonymous location of the avatar. However, this paper argues that the development of choice in games, where players have frequently selected the female form for ludic reasons, means that this choice has become normalised through a historical process. The avatar is frequently considered as a tool, with gender regarded as a freely admitted aesthetic pleasure. The player does not see this as a site of tension, or seeks to absolve this tension publicly as an act of appropriation typical to Jenkins¹ textual poachers. Overall, the act of gender switching is not considered deviant within gaming; more, it is embraced as a common practise with historical precedents to support it.
Two Halves of Play - Simulation versus Abstraction and Transformation in Sports Videogames Design
Authors: Kayali Fares , Purgathofer Peter
Published: March 2022

Sports videogames need to model a complex reality to a gratifying game experience. This paper suggest a methodology and terminology to describe and explain deviations from pure simulation in sports videogames design. Using the terms of abstraction and transformation and by introducing a graphic representation for those qualities in respect to realism, selected games are qualitatively analysed regarding their respective implementations of reality.
Grand Theft Auto IV Considered as an Atrocity Exhibition
Authors: Pichlmair Martin
Published: March 2022

This review outlines the intersections between Rockstar Games' "Grand Theft Auto IV" (2008) and the British novelist J.G. Ballard's experimental text "The Atrocity Exhibition". Obvious parallels like the dominant roles of cars and carnage are supplemented by more subtle similarities. Grand Theft Auto is an Atrocity Exhibition, a deliberately instigated scandal and a cynical masterpiece.
Preface: A Community of Players
Authors: Ruggill Judd , Nichols Randall James , Moeller Ryan M. , McAllister Ken S.
Published: March 2022

The articles in this section were initially developed for and presented at the 2010 conference of the Southwest/Texas Popular Culture Association/American Culture Association (http://swtxpca.org/). The conference, which began as a small, regional meeting in the 1970s, has since become international in scope, with upwards of a thousand presentations delivered by participants from dozens of countries. Yet despite its size, the conference maintains a friendly, casual, and intellectually robust atmosphere.
"Stay Small and Keep it All": Making a Big Splash in Boutique Game Development
Authors: McAllister Ken S. , Ruggill Judd Ethan
Published: March 2022

This interview is excerpted from a series we conducted in 2010 with Michael Thornton Wyman,  founder and CEO of Big Splash Games (http://www.bigsplashgames.com/). Big Splash Games is a boutique game design and development studio well known for its Chocolatier series of casual games. Before founding Big Splash Games, Wyman worked as a Producer for Electronic Arts and Maxis, and a Project Leader for Lucas Learning, contributing to such titles as SSX On Tour, Def Jam Fight For New York, Star Wars Pit Droids, and SimTunes.
What Makes an MMORPG Leader? A Social Cognitive Theory-Based Approach to Understanding the Formation of Leadership Capabilities in Massively Multiplayer Online Role-Playing Games
Authors: Ee Andrew , Cho Hichang
Published: March 2022

Using Bandura’s (1986) Social Cognitive Theory (SCT) and McCormick’s (2001) SCT-applied models of leadership, we aimed to understand the complex processes of leadership development in Massively Multiplayer Online Role-Playing Games (MMORPG) environments. Using in-depth interview data from 20 Singaporean World of Warcraft players, we examined how environmental factors (e.g. game design, communication, and collaboration structures), personal factors (e.g. self-efficacy), and gaming behaviour affect the development of leadership capabilities. The findings suggest that Bandura’s and McCormick’s frameworks are useful in explaining how these factors contribute to leadership development, with some examples including: 1) game designs that allow for formalised leadership roles can create better opportunities for leadership development, and 2) self-efficacy, an important trait for leadership development, can be cultivated through confidence gained by reinforcing knowledge, skills, and abilities (KSAs) through repeated application of these KSAs in similar situations. Implications for research and practice are discussed.
Mobile Gaming Behaviors: An Exploratory Study of Mobile Game Players' Agency in Space and Time
Authors: Anderson Sky LaRell
Published: March 2022

Mobile gaming’s prevalence requires understanding how mobile devices dictate the gaming experience in a variety of spatial and temporal contexts. Through interviews with mobile game players, this article reveals elements of corporeal agency that break traditional, or stereotypical, notions of gaming spaces and times. This article argues that mobile game players demonstrate a fluid relationship to time, space, and physicality. The analysis consists of sections dedicated to the three primary elements of mobile gaming’s corporeal agency: physicality, temporality, and spatiality.
Som å koke suppe på en spiker – en casestudie
Authors: Grepperud Gunnar
Published: March 2022

I denne rapporten settes fokus på om, og hvordan, bruk av teknologi i undervisningen påvirker kognitivt læringsutbytte. Utgangspunktet er et mindre utvalg eksperimentelle forskningsarbeid i form av primærstudier, meta-studier og andre ordens meta-studier publisert i perioden 1999–2017. I tillegg drøftes to ulike tilnærminger til teknologi og læring og hvilke forventninger som stilles til digital teknologi i statlige dokument. Rapportens hovedfunn er at man samlet sett finner en mindre, positiv sammenheng mellom teknologibasert undervisning og læringsutbytte målt som effektstørrelse. Dette synes å være et stabilt resultat over flere tiår og er et resultat som også er gyldig for bruk av analog teknologi i undervisningen (radio, TV o.a). Den store variasjonen i resultat, både når det gjelder primærstudier og meta-studier, gjør at gjennomsnittsresultatets betydning svekkes mens de forhold som forklarer variasjonene blir viktigere.  Av de mulige forhold som påvirker effektstørrelsene viser det seg at:

teknologibasert undervisning som supplement er bedre enn samme undervisning gitt som erstatning.
teknologien i seg selv har marginal betydning, det er forskjell i undervisningsopplegget og tid til disposisjon som primært forklarer forskjellene mellom kontroll- og eksperimentgruppene.
teknologien bidrar primært til en viss effektivisering av kjent undervisning, den bebudede transformasjon av undervisning og læring er det få spor av.
Three new species of Microlaimus (Nematoda: Microlaimidae) from the South Atlantic
Authors: Lima Rita C. , Neres Patrícia F. , Esteves André M.
Published: March 2022

Three new species of Microlaimus are described from the continental shelf of the Campos Basin, southwest Atlantic, Brazil. Microlaimus campiensis sp. n. differs from all other species in the presence of two anterior testes, slender spicules with enlarged proximal ends, 7–11 pre-cloacal papilliform supplements, and females with a pair of constriction structures, one on each branch of the ovary. Microlaimus alexandri sp. n. shows sexual dimorphism in the size of the amphidial fovea, which occupies 100% of the diameter of the corresponding area in the male; the buccal cavity provided with five teeth and a slightly cuticularized cuticular ring. Microlaimus vitorius sp. n. has four longitudinal-lateral rows of glands associated with small pores, one seta and three pores small pre-cloacal, and the gubernaculum has a triangular base. An amendment to the diagnosis of the genus is proposed, where the number of teeth was modified.
Isolation and transcriptome analysis of a biotechnologically promising Black Sea protist, Thraustochytrium aureum ssp. strugatskii
Authors: Konstantinov Dmitrii K. , Menzorov Aleksei , Krivenko Olga , Doroshkov Alexey V.
Published: March 2022

Background

Marine protists are an important part of the ocean ecosystem. They may possess unique sets of biosynthetic pathways and, thus, be promising model organisms for metabolic engineering for producing substances for the pharmaceutical, cosmetic, and perfume industries. Currently, full-genome data are available just for a limited number of protists hampering their use in biotechnology.

Methods

We characterized the morphology of a new cultured strain of Thraustochytriaceae isolated from the Black Sea ctenophore Beroe ovata using phase-contrast microscopy. Cell culture was performed in the FAND culture medium based on fetal bovine serum and DMEM. Phylogenetic analysis was performed using the 18S rRNA sequence. We also conducted a transcriptome assembly and compared the data with the closest species.

Results

The protist belongs to the genus Thraustochytrium based on the 18S rRNA sequence analysis. We designated the isolated protist as T. aureum ssp. strugatskii. The closest species with the genome assembly is Schizochytrium aggregatum. Transcriptome analysis revealed the majority of the fatty acid synthesis enzymes.

Conclusion

Our findings suggest that the T. aureum ssp. strugatskii is a promising candidate for biotechnological use. Together with the previously available, our data would allow the establishment of an accurate phylogeny of the family Thraustochytriaceae. Also, it could be a reference point for studying the evolution of the enzyme families.
Analysis of the role and mechanism of EGCG in septic cardiomyopathy based on network pharmacology
Authors: Wu Ji , Wang Zhenhua , Xu Shanling , Fu Yang , Gao Yi , Wu Zuxiang , Yu Yun , Yuan Yougen , Zhou Lin , Li Ping
Published: March 2022

Background

Septic cardiomyopathy (SC) is a common complication of sepsis that leads to an increase in mortality. The pathogenesis of septic cardiomyopathy is unclear, and there is currently no effective treatment. EGCG (epigallocatechin gallate) is a polyphenol that has anti-inflammatory, antiapoptotic, and antioxidative stress effects. However, the role of EGCG in septic cardiomyopathy is unknown.

Methods

Network pharmacology was used to predict the potential targets and molecular mechanisms of EGCG in the treatment of septic cardiomyopathy, including the construction and analysis of protein-protein interaction (PPI) network, gene ontology (GO), and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analysis and molecular docking. The mouse model of septic cardiomyopathy was established after intraperitoneal injection of LPS (lipopolysaccharide). The myocardial protective effect of EGCG on septic mice is observed by cardiac ultrasound and HE staining. RT-PCR is used to verify the expression level of the EGCG target in the septic cardiomyopathy mouse model.

Results

A total of 128 anti-SC potential targets of EGCGareselected for analysis. The GO enrichment analysis and KEGG pathway analysis results indicated that the anti-SC targets of EGCG mainly participate in inflammatory and apoptosis processes. Molecular docking results suggest that EGCG has a high affinity for the crystal structure of six targets (IL-6 (interleukin-6), TNF (tumor necrosis factor), Caspase3, MAPK3 (Mitogen-activated protein kinase 3), AKT1, and VEGFA (vascular endothelial growth factor)), and the experimental verification result showed levated expression of these 6 hub targets in the LPS group, but there is an obvious decrease in expression in the LPS + EGCG group. The functional and morphological changes found by echocardiography and HE staining show that EGCG can effectively improve the cardiac function that is reduced by LPS.

Conclusion

Our results reveal that EGCG may be a potentially effective drug to improve septic cardiomyopathy. The potential mechanism by which EGCG improves myocardial injury in septic cardiomyopathy is through anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptotic effects. The anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptotic effects of EGCG occur not only through direct binding to six target proteins (IL-6,TNF-α, Caspase3, MAPK3, AKT1, and VEGFA) but also by reducing their expression.
Experimental Research on Operation Characteristics of Smoke Detection Equipment with respect to Varying Humidity Environments
Authors: Choi Su-Gil , Choi Yoo-Jeong , Kim Si-Kuk
Published: March 2022

In this study, experimental research is conducted on the operation characteristics of smoke detection equipment in environments with varying humidity levels. To examine the smoke detection equipment’s operation characteristics with respect to humidity, we manufactured an experimental equipment based on the standard room size specified in ISO 9705. Furthermore, humidity was generated by boiling water via water mist generator, humidifier, coffee pot, and gas burner. Hence, in the static case under 80% humidity, the operation characteristics of the smoke detection equipment were not affected. However, the operation characteristics were observed under a dynamic airflow of 0.8 m/s. Furthermore, the most active operation characteristics were identified at dynamic airflow of 1.5 m/s as opposed to 3.0 m/s. Additionally, in the humidity experiment utilizing a gas burner, the water fog phenomenon was not observed. The smoke concentration, measured via the type one operation of the smoke detection equipment, was 7.5% /m. Hence, we sufficiently confirmed the potential of false alarms due to humidity even without the occurrence of the water fog (steam) phenomenon.
Basic Research for the Development of Fire Response Training Scenarios for Fire Safety Managers through Fire Case Analysis
Authors: Choi Yoo-Jeong , Choi Su-Gil , Kim Si-Kuk
Published: March 2022

This is a study on the development of education and training scenarios to enable fire safety managers to improve their fire response-ability. Based on 10 fire accidents that occurred in Korea, we analyzed the fire response problems that occurred in fire recognition, fire situation propagation, 119 reports, evacuation guidance, and initial fire extinguishing. We derived scenarios by designing sample scenario events based on fire response failure factors observed from accidents for scenario development. Additionally, a fire response scenario was developed including psychological conflict factors so that fire safety managers can solve various situations without falling into a panic in the event of a fire. Based on this study, if repeated education and training are conducted by implementing content similar to the actual situation, it is judged that fire safety managers will be able to make quick judgments and correct responses in the case of a fire.
Post-Traumatic Tension Pneumocephalus in a Nigerian Male: A Case Report
Authors: Sule Muhammad Baba , Gele Ibrahim Haruna , Shirama Yakubu Bababa , Mohammed Abacha
Published: March 2022

Pneumocephalus is a rare condition that usually arises from severe head and facial trauma, tumours of the skull base and surgical procedures involving the base of the skull. Tension Pneumocephalus (TP) is a clinical condition and a neurological emergency characterised by continuous accumulation of air inside the cranial cavity leading to irregular pressure being exerted on the brain which leads to neurologic deterioration. This is a case of a young motorcyclist who was involved in a Road Traffic Accident (RTA) and presented with deteriorating level of consciousness and plain skull radiograph and Computed Tomography (CT) of the brain showed skull fractures, presence of air in both lateral ventricles and brain parenchyma confirmed the diagnosis of post-traumatic TP, but unfortunately patient was succumbed to death.
Biogenically Synthesized Silver/Gold Nanoparticles, Mechanism and their Applications: A Review
Authors: Odongo Stephen Adongo , Lugasi Solomon Omwoma , Okumu Fredrick Oluoch , Onani Martin Opiyo , Lagat Silas C. , Agong Stephen Gaya
Published: March 2022

Green nanoparticle synthesis is a vital branch in nanotechnology. These nanoparticles are synthesized with the aid of phytochemicals in plant extracts. The phytochemicals also stabilize the synthesised nanoparticles eliminating the use of toxic capping agents. Silver and gold (Ag NPs, Au NPs) green nanoparticles are common. They have wide applications in areas such as diagnosis, drug delivery and therapeutics. Despite their great applications, particle agglomeration greatly hinders their usage. As such, we explore various synthetic methods used to obtain green nanoparticles. Reaction mechanisms of the phytochemicals and precursor metals used to obtain the nanoparticles are studied in detail so as to get to the core of the problem. Use of broths obtained by boiling fresh plant leaves, stem, roots, bark or peels of fruits is the most widely used synthetic pathway. Reaction temperature, pH and metal concentration are the crucial factors controlling agglomeration and particle size. Furthermore, incorporation of sunlight in the synthetic pathway was found to be economically important. The functionality of the as-synthesized nanoparticles can be modified through careful selection of the plant material used. Specifically, use of ethnomedical plants such as Azadirachta indica leaves and Hibiscus rosa-sinensis among others is documented to produce nanoparticles with therapeutic functions. It is desirable to obtain small size non-agglomerated green nanoparticles as the size of the nanoparticles affects their antimicrobial activity. In addition, smaller nanoparticles are more effective in drug delivery.
A Huge Liposarcoma: Case Study
Authors: Almahameed Fadi Bassam , ALakkad Ashraf , Shalabi Mohammad Feras , Ghellai Ali
Published: March 2022

A 53-year-old had complaints of vague abdominal pain for the past few months. The patient had a history of diabetes mellitus, hypertension, and iron deficiency. The pain was aching, mild, intermittent, non-radiating, and generalized. An ultrasound of the abdomen, CT scan and MRI were recommended. After initial examination and reports, the patient was diagnosed with a retroperitoneal tumor. The liposarcoma found was dedifferentiated, high grade, and retroperitoneal. The tumor extended to the inked resection margin, and was large, with 24 cm and 14 cm in greatest dimension measurements.  The liposarcoma was lipomatous and solid, with hot spots of mitosis. In terms of treatment, surgery was recommended to remove the enlarged mass. Two heterologous fragments, which were different in morphology, size, and color, were obtained from the retroperitoneal area during surgery. The mass was a huge grade 3 liposarcoma with a mitotic rate of > 20 mitoses per 10 high-power fields (HPF). The examination and diagnosis included some special studies such as immunohistochemistry assay, which was positive for p16, vimentin, and MDM2. A post-operative scan showed that there was no evidence of recurrence or residual retroperitoneal tumour. Chemotherapy was initiated by the Oncology Department.
Sense of Place
Authors: Seamon David
Published: March 2022

Sense of place
is closely related to
genius loci
(spirit of place) and can be defined as the specific character and expressive energy of a particular environment or locale. Though allied to sensory, perceptual, emotional, and cognitive dimensions of human experience, sense of place cannot be fully described by these experiential dimensions alone. Sense of place is greater than its environmental parts and can evoke both positive and negative qualities. As a phenomenon in human life, sense of place has a millennia‐old history, beginning with archaic peoples who experienced specific places as receptacles of expressive energy envisioned as gods, spirits, or other ineffable presences. In the English‐speaking world, sense of place and
genius loci
first became significant in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries as industrialization and urbanization supplanted agriculture and rural ways of life. Most recently, sense of place and
genius loci
have been interpreted via the concept of
atmosphere
, which provides one means for identifying and articulating the less visible features that confer on an environment a specific sense of place and
genius loci
. In the early 2020s, research on sense of place incorporates three contrasting conceptual traditions: first, phenomenological research; second, empiricist‐analytic research; and, third, social constructionist research.
Political Ecology of Disease and Illness
Authors: Oppong Joseph R.
Published: March 2022

Using ecological disease maps and population‐level correlations to explain spatial variations in sickness and experience of disease produces oversimplistic, partial, and unsatisfactory results. Political ecology overcomes this limitation by including the broad social, economic, and historical context, geographic scale, and human–environment interactions. This entry illustrates the power of the political ecology framework for understanding the geographies of disease and health outcomes by using the 2014 Ebola Virus Disease outbreak in West Africa and the COVID‐19 global pandemic. Because disease exploits complex, social, and structural vulnerabilities, health geographers must avoid oversimplistic, linear, causal narratives of disease and other health phenomena.
Colonialism, Racism, and Corporations
Authors: Kunz Sarah
Published: March 2022

The relationship between colonialism, corporations, and racism is an important one. All three topics are the subject of extensive geographical scholarship; however, they have been studied far less in their interrelationship. This entry pinpoints interdisciplinary scholarship that advances our understanding of the triad “colonialism, corporations, racism” and highlights avenues for further inquiry. It shows that corporations were at the forefront of European imperial expansion and colonization, and played an important role in the fashioning, implementation, and enforcement of racialized inequality. With political decolonization and widespread antiracist civil rights movements, corporations have faced significant challenges to their racialized operations, corporate structures, and labor hierarchies. Yet these challenges often led to a reconfiguration rather than a dismantling of racialized corporate configurations. Resistance continues today, for instance in struggles over land, resources, and labor.
Uneven and Combined Development
Authors: Dunford Michael , Liu Weidong
Published: March 2022

The concept of uneven and combined development (U&CD) recognizes that uneven development gives rise to societal interaction which itself also shapes the characteristics and development paths of cities, regions, and countries. Combination plays a crucial yet often underemphasized role in the explanation of geographical differentiation and the multiplicity, hybridity, and multilinearity of processes of development. U&CD plays an especially important role in explaining the relative growth and decline of cities, regions, and nations and mechanisms associated with catching up, falling behind, convergence, and divergence as well as the ways people in one place learn from and are affected by others.
Method of determining technique from weight and height to achieve targeted detector exposures in portable chest and abdominal digital radiography
Authors: Hoerner Matthew , Grizzard Kevin , Moroz Jennifer
Published: March 2022

This study presents a methodology to develop an X‐ray technique chart for portable chest and abdomen imaging which utilizes patient data available in the modality worklist (MWL) to reliably achieve a predetermined exposure index (EI) at the detector for any patient size. The method assumes a correlation between the patients’ tissue equivalent thickness and the square root of the ratio of the patient's weight to height. To assess variability in detector exposures, the EI statistics for 75 chest examinations and 99 abdominal portable X‐ray images acquired with the new technique chart were compared to those from a single portable unit (chest: 3877 images; abdomen: 200 images) using a conventional technique chart with three patient sizes, and to a stationary radiography room utilizing automatic exposure control (AEC) (chest: 360 images; abdomen: 112 images). The results showed that when using the new technique chart on a group of portable units, the variability in EI was significantly reduced (p < 0.01) for both AP chest and AP abdomen images compared to the single portable using a standard technique chart with three patient sizes. The variability in EI for the images acquired with the new chart was comparable to the stationary X‐ray room with an AEC system (p > 0.05). This method could be used to streamline the entire imaging chain by automatically selecting an X‐ray technique based on patient demographic information contained in the MWL to provide higher quality examinations to clinicians by eliminating outliers. In addition, patient height and weight can be used to estimate the patients’ tissue equivalent thickness.
Real‐Time and Image‐Based AQI Estimation Based on Deep Learning
Authors: Zhang Qiang , Tian Lifeng , Fu Fengchen , Wu Huanyu , Wei Wei , Liu Xueyan
Published: March 2022

The real‐time information on surrounding air quality index (AQI) is important for the public to protect themselves from air pollution. Traditional methods have some shortages regarding the estimation time and running efficiency. Consequently, the AQI results cannot meet the needs of personal protection and environmental management. With the popularity of smart terminals, it is easier to collect particular environmental images for AQI estimation tasks. Therefore, a real‐time and image‐based deep learning model named YOLO‐AQI is proposed. Based on the object detection algorithms, the model has better performance regarding the AQI estimation speed. By optimizing the parameter transfer and network structure, the model takes an average of 0.0582 s to perform feature analysis and achieves 75.15% accuracy on AQI estimation tasks. Comparing YOLO‐AQI with several image recognition models (VGG, AlexNet, GoogLeNet, MobileNet, and ResNet), it shows that YOLO‐AQI outperforms other models by 14.8% on accuracy and by 71.1% on running speed. This method can provide real‐time AQI level information for remote areas such as rural.
Kinetics, mechanism, and simulation of hydrogen transfer reaction of α, β‐unsaturated aldehydes to allylic alcohols
Authors: Guo Hui , Li Yuchao , Zuo Cuncun , Zheng Yanxia , Guo Xinpeng , Hao Jinguo , Huang Haofei , Wang Ming , Ge Tingting
Published: March 2022

Homogeneous hydrogen transfer reactions of methacrolein (MAL) and isopropanol to methallyl alcohol (MAA) were investigated in batch reactor (Conv. 89%, Select 93.1%) and tubular reactor (Conv. 88.1%, Select 95%) using aluminum isopropoxide (Al(OPri)3) as catalyst. Kinetic experiments on hydrogen transfer reactions and reaction order were investigated in batch reactor and tubular reactor. Response surface methodology was applied to optimize the optimum reaction conditions of hydrogen transfer reaction. Purification process of MAA from product mixture after hydrogen transfer reaction was simulated with Aspen Plus software; theoretical stages, reflux ratio, and feed stage of distillation tower were optimized. Density functional theory was used to investigate viable reaction pathway and to probe the catalytic mechanism between reactants and catalyst, including dehydrogenation, coupling, and hydrogenation reaction. Microscopic mechanisms of hydrogen transfer reaction from MAA to MAL were acquired in detail and could be easily extended to other series of hydrogen transfer reaction.
Mild cognitive impairment among rural‐dwelling older adults in China: A community‐based study
Authors: Cong Lin , Ren Yifei , Wang Yongxiang , Hou Tingting , Dong Yi , Han Xiaojuan , Yin Ling , Zhang Qinghua , Feng Jianli , Wang Lidan , Tang Shi , Grande Giulia , Laukka Erika J. , Du Yifeng , Qiu Chengxuan
Published: March 2022

Background

Epidemiological studies of mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and subtypes of MCI have rarely focused on rural residents in China.

Methods

This population‐based study included 5068 participants (age ≥60 years) who were living in rural communities. We defined MCI, amnestic MCI (aMCI), and non‐amnestic MCI (naMCI) following the Petersen's criteria that integrated neuropsychological assessments with in‐person clinical evaluations.

Results

The overall prevalence of MCI, aMCI, and naMCI was 26.48%, 22.30%, and 4.18%, respectively. The prevalence of MCI increased with age. The adjusted odds ratio (OR) of MCI was 0.71 (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.61 to 0.82) for primary school (vs. illiteracy), 0.30 (0.24 to 0.39) for middle school or above, 1.35 (1.09 to 1.67) for being farmers, 0.65 (0.54 to 0.78) for alcohol consumption, 1.43 (1.20 to 1.70) for stroke history, and 1.14 (0.95 to 1.36) for any apolipoprotein E (APOE) ε4 allele (vs ε3/ε3).

Conclusions

MCI affects over one‐fourth of rural older adults in China. Overall MCI was associated with demographic factors, non‐alcohol consumption, and stroke, but not with APOE genotype and cardiometabolic factors.
Depth as a fish refuge from spearfishing at Rapa Nui: Flight behaviour in the Pacific rudderfish Kyphosus sandwicensis
Authors: Petit Ignacio J. , Gaymer Carlos F. , Friedlander Alan M. , Gusmao Joao B.
Published: March 2022

Spearfishing, a common activity among Pacific Islanders, has been described to strongly modify the behaviour of target fish species.

Rapa Nui (Easter Island), a remote Chilean oceanic island, has suffered a serious decline in its nearshore fish stocks through overfishing.

In this study, the flight initiation distance (FID) of the Pacific rudderfish Kyphosus sandwicensis was measured at depths normally accessed by free divers and at deeper depths around Rapa Nui and the no‐take Motu Motiro Hiva Marine Park (MMHMP).

The overall FID at MMHMP was significantly shorter compared with that recorded in shallow waters at Rapa Nui, but did not differ from the FIDs recorded in deeper waters at Rapa Nui.

The biomass of K. sandwicensis did not differ among study sites, but was significantly higher at deeper depths, supporting the hypothesis of depth refuge from fishing at Rapa Nui.

Based on these findings, spatial and technical management strategies are proposed to help conserve the nearshore fish populations, such as the establishment of no‐take zones and the enhancement of regulatory frameworks for coastal fisheries.
3D‐gedruckte monolithische Stahlbetonwände im CONPrint3D‐reinforced Verfahren
Authors: Mechtcherine Viktor , Taubert Markus , Müller Steffen , Will Frank , Storch Florian , Plaschnick Paul , Otto Jens , Maiwald Patrick
Published: March 2022

Die Beton‐3D‐Druck‐Technologie entwickelt sich sehr dynamisch und findet zunehmend praktische Anwendung. Die Integration von lastabtragender Bewehrung stellt jedoch weiterhin eine Herausforderung dar. Der vorliegende Aufsatz stellt drei neue Verfahren zur Herstellung von Stahlbetonvollwänden vor, die auf der von den Autoren entwickelten CONPrint3D‐Technologie basieren. Im Einzelnen sind das: 1) das schichtweise Überdrucken von Bewehrungsmatten, die vor eine gedruckte Kernwand gehängt werden, 2) das seitliche additive Füllen eines Bewehrungskorbs sowie 3) das vollautomatische Aufbauen einer Bewehrungsstruktur mit unmittelbar darauffolgendem schichtweisen Umhüllen durch extrudierten Beton. Neben dem aktuellen Forschungsstand und den betontechnologischen Herausforderungen werden maschinenbauliche Entwicklungsansätze und die kalkulatorische Bewertung der neuen Verfahren im Vergleich mit etablierten Bauverfahren präsentiert.
Characterization of molecularly imprinted polymers for the extraction of tobacco alkaloids and their metabolites in human urine
Authors: Mulder Haley A. , Pearcy Adam C. , Halquist Matthew S.
Published: March 2022

Molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs) are synthetic polymers designed to selectively extract target analytes from complex matrices (including biological matrices). The literature shows that MIPs have a degree of cross‐selectivity from analytes within the same class of compounds. A commercially available MIP for tobacco‐specific nitrosamines (TSNAs) is designed to be class selective for four TSNA compounds. This study sought to characterize the extent of cross‐selectivity of the TSNA MIPs with other tobacco alkaloids. Cross‐selectivity and recovery of the SupelMIP™ TSNA SPE cartridges was assessed with N‐nitrosonornicotine (NNN), nicotine, cotinine and morphine. Their recoveries were compared with the recoveries of a nonimprinted polymer SPE cartridge, and two traditional SPE cartridges: a Waters mixed‐mode cation exchange cartridge and a Waters hydrophilic–lipophilic balance cartridge. NNN and cotinine had the highest recoveries with the MIP cartridge, over 80%, and cotinine samples in urine had >80% recoveries. Nicotine had highly variable recoveries, possibly owing to differing chemical properties from the TSNAs. All three analytes had significantly different recoveries with the MIP cartridges compared with the traditional SPE cartridges. Morphine displayed nonspecific interactions with the MIP cartridges. Utilization of the TSNAs’ cross‐selectivity allows for simultaneous extraction and identification of multiple tobacco biomarkers using one extraction technique.
Ensure that Title IX advisors receive adequate training, preparation
Authors: Lineberger Kevin
Published: March 2022

All participants in the formal Title IX resolution process are required to receive annual training, save for the hearing advisor, according to the May 2020 Title IX regulations. For any parties that don't already have a hearing advisor, the institution must appoint them one.
Enhanced expression of endogenous retroviruses and of TRIM28 and SETDB1 in children with food allergy
Authors: Tovo Pier‐Angelo , Monti Giovanna , Daprà Valentina , Montanari Paola , Calvi Cristina , Alliaudi Carla , Sardo Allegra , Galliano Ilaria , Bergallo Massimiliano
Published: March 2022

Background

Human endogenous retroviruses (HERVs) represent 8% of our genome. They originate from ancestral infections and although no longer contagious they can regulate transcription of adjacent cellular genes, produce viral RNAs sensed as non‐self by pattern recognition receptors, and encode viral proteins, such as Syncytin (SYN) 1 and 2, that exhibit potent immunomodulatory properties. Based on this, HERVs have been studied and proposed as relevant cofactors in several chronic inflammatory and immune‐mediated diseases. HERV transcription is regulated by host TRIM28 and SET domain bifurcated histone lysine methyltransferase 1 (SETDB1), which in turn exert crucial regulatory functions on the host immune system. No studies explored the expression of HERVs, TRIM28, and SETDB1 in allergic patients.

Methods

We assessed, through a polymerase chain reaction real time Taqman amplification assay, the transcription levels of pol genes of HERV‐H, HERV‐K, HERV‐W, and of env genes of SYN1 and SYN2, as well as of TRIM28 and SETDB1 in whole blood from 32 children with IgE‐mediated food allergy, 19 with food protein‐induced enterocolitis syndrome (FPIES), and in healthy control children.

Results

The expression levels of pol genes of HERV‐H, ‐K, and ‐W were significantly enhanced in patients with IgE‐mediated FA or FPIES as compared to control subjects, while the mRNA concentrations of SYN1 and SYN2 were comparable in each group of children. Both TRIM28 and SETDB1 mRNA levels were significantly higher in allergic patients.

Conclusions

Given the influence of HERVs and of TRIM28 and SETDB1 on innate and adaptive immune responses, their transcriptional activation in children with food allergies suggest that they might play important roles in the development of these diseases.
Nanoparticles‐Mediated CRISPR/Cas Gene Editing Delivery System
Authors: Saw Phei Er , Cui Guo‐hui , Xu Xiaoding
Published: March 2022

CRISPR/Cas system has become one of the most powerful techologies in biomedical research, and has showed great potentials in the gene related diseases. However, efficient delivery systems of CRISPR/Cas to target cells remains challenging. In recent years, nanoparticles have showned great potentials for the delivery of CRISPR/Cas systems. This paper mainly approaches the development and new strategies of CRISPR/Cas delivery systems, as well as their application in the clinical diseases. By summarizing the CRISPR/Cas systems delivery, new strategies are expected for the gene therapy.
Does top management team responsible leadership help employees go green? The role of green human resource management and environmental felt‐responsibility
Authors: Lu Hui , Xu Weiting , Cai Shaohan , Yang Fang , Chen Qingqing
Published: March 2022

Drawing on social information processing theory, the current study investigates the relationship between top management team (TMT) responsible leadership and employee organizational citizenship behavior for the environment (OCBE) from a vertical perspective, and whether green human resource management (GHRM) and employee environmental felt‐responsibility can play a sequential mediating role between them. Totally, 102 middle‐level managers and 527 employees in 102 Chinese teams voluntarily participated in our study. Drawing on above data, our study verifies that TMT responsible leadership was positively associated with both GHRM and employee environmental felt‐responsibility. In addition, GHRM mediated the positive effects of TMT responsible leadership and employee environmental felt‐responsibility. Also, GHRM can further promote employee OCBE through employee environmental felt‐responsibility. Overall, the positive relationship between TMT responsible leadership and employee OCBE was sequentially mediated by GHRM and employee environmental felt‐responsibility. Therefore, the current study shows the way to achieve corporate environmental sustainability strategy.