bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Tratamento conservador na síndrome do impacto no ombro
Authors: Metzker Carlos Alexandre Batista
Published: July 2010

INTRODUÇÃO: A síndrome do impacto no ombro (SIO) é uma patologia inflamatória e degenerativa que se caracteriza por impactação mecânica de determinadas estruturas que se localizam no espaço umerocoracoacromial da articulação. É a afecção mais comum da cintura escapular com prevalência superior em indivíduos com idade entre 40 e 50 anos, entretanto, por estar intimamente relacionada a algumas atividades laborais e esportivas, se torna cada vez mais frequente em adultos jovens. Mediante o elevado número de pacientes acometidos e com o intuito de orientar os diversos profissionais de saúde sobre a necessidade de tratamento precoce da patologia, é objetivo deste estudo apresentar os modelos de tratamento para SIO e a importância da fisioterapia no tratamento conservador. METODOLOGIA: Foi realizada uma revisão da literatura científica com acesso a diversas obras literárias sobre o tema e busca de artigos de periódicos nacionais e internacionais na internet. RESULTADOS: O tratamento conservador da SIO envolve um conjunto de procedimentos que passam por medidas analgésicas, anti-inflamatórias e fisioterapia, sendo a última uma ferramenta indispensável no processo de recuperação. CONCLUSÃO: Ao final do estudo pode-se concluir que o tratamento conservador é frequentemente utilizado no tratamento da SIO e a fisioterapia a modalidade terapêutica mais indicada, associada a um programa de orientação e reeducação quanto às atividades que possam dificultar o processo de recuperação plena. Contudo, o plano de tratamento depende diretamente da fase evolutiva da doença, pois, nos casos de insucesso no tratamento conservador, a cirurgia poderá ser indicada.
Influência de diferentes tipos de bocais e diâmetros de traqueias na manovacuometria
Authors: Onaga Fabiane Inoue , Jamami Mauricio , Ruas Gualberto , Di Lorenzo Valeria Amorim Pires , Jamami Luciana Kawakami
Published: July 2010

OBJETIVO: Este estudo teve como objetivo comparar a força muscular respiratória (FMR) obtida por meio de manovacuômetros analógicos, utilizando diferentes tipos de bocais e traqueias. METODOLOGIA: Foram avaliados 50 voluntários sedentários ou insuficientemente ativos saudáveis (25 homens e 25 mulheres), com média de idade de 25 ± 5 anos, média de altura de 167 ± 8 cm e média de peso de 65 ± 12 kg, pertencentes à comunidade de São Carlos, SP, e região. Para a avaliação da FMR foram realizadas as medidas de pressão inspiratória máxima (PI MÁX) e pressão expiratória máxima (PE MÁX) de acordo com o método preconizado por Black e Hyatt (1969). Os voluntários foram submetidos à anamnese e exame físico, e, posteriormente, as pressões respiratórias máximas foram medidas com os indivíduos em posição ortostática, utilizando-se dois manovacuômetros analógicos com limite operacional de ± 300 cmH2O, com uso de clipe nasal, um bocal circular e um retangular, com traqueias de mesmo comprimento e diâmetros internos diferentes, sendo estes de 1 cm e 1,5 cm. RESULTADOS: Observou-se que não houve diferenças significativas (Teste de Wilcoxon: p < 0,05) entre os diâmetros das traqueias, e que os valores obtidos da PE MÁX com o bocal retangular foram significativamente maiores em ambos os sexos. CONCLUSÃO: Os resultados deste estudo mostram que não houve interferência dos diâmetros das traqueias nos valores obtidos de PE MÁX e PI MÁX, no entanto, os tipos de bocais utilizados no manovacuômetro analógico interferem nos valores obtidos de PE MÁX. O formato mais anatômico do bocal retangular colaborou para a obtenção de maiores valores de PE MÁX.
Exercício físico no tratamento e prevenção de idosos com osteoporose: uma revisão sistemática
Authors: Santos Marcelo Lasmar dos , Borges Grasiely Faccin
Published: July 2010

INTRODUÇÃO: A atividade física influencia a manutenção das atividades ósseas normais, e por este motivo vem sendo indicada no tratamento da osteoporose. OBJETIVO: Verificar na literatura científica a influência do exercício físico na prevenção e no tratamento da osteoporose em idosos. METODOLOGIA: A presente pesquisa foi sustentada através de revisão sistemática de literatura, com a utilização das bases de dado eletrônicas: LILACS, SciELO e PubMed. Foram utilizados os seguintes descritores na língua portuguesa: osteoporose, exercício físico, idosos, tratamento e prevenção, sendo estes utilizados para pesquisa nas bases LILACS e SciELO; e na língua inglesa, foram utilizados os seguintes: osteoporosis, physical exercise, elderly, prevention e treatment, sendo esta busca realizada na base de dados PubMed. Foram selecionados os resumos que apresentaram critérios iniciais de seleção. RESULTADOS: De um total de 203 artigos encontrados, 27 preencheram os critérios de inclusão e exclusão, sendo que 9 artigos se concentraram no tratamento, 16 na prevenção e 2 no tratamento e na prevenção. Os exercícios que mais se destacaram no tratamento da osteoporose foram os seguintes: exercícios de extensão isométrica de tronco, exercícios em cadeia cinética aberta, coordenação e equilíbrio. Já na prevenção, os mais evidenciados foram: exercícios físicos de alta intensidade, exercícios de alto impacto e exercícios aeróbios. CONCLUSÃO: Pode-se concluir que o exercício físico é dado como fator importante, tanto na prevenção quanto no tratamento do idoso acometido pela osteoporose, e que ele possui especificidades de acordo com o objetivo a ser alcançado.
First-order decay models to describe soil C-CO2 Loss after rotary tillage
Authors: La Scala Jr. Newton , Lopes Afonso , Spokas Kurt , Archer David Walter , Reicosky Donald
Published: July 2010

To further understand the impact of tillage on CO2 emission, the applicability of two conceptual models was tested, which describe the CO2 emission after tillage as a function of the non-tilled emission plus a correction due to the tillage disturbance. Models assume that C in readily decomposable organic matter follows a first-order reaction kinetics equation as: dCsoil (t) / dt = -k Csoil (t), and that soil C-CO2 emission is proportional to the C decay rate in soil, where Csoil(t) is the available labile soil C (g m-2) at any time (t) and k is the decay constant (time-1). Two possible assumptions were tested to determine the tilled (F T) fluxes: the decay constants (k) of labile soil C before and after tillage are different (Model 1) or not (Model 2). Accordingly, C flux relationships between non-tilled (F NT) and tilled (F T) conditions are given by: F T = F NT + a1 e-a2t (model 1) and F T = a3 F NT e-a4t (model 2), where t is time after tillage. Predicted and observed CO2 fluxes presented good agreement based on the coefficient of determination (R² = 0.91). Model comparison revealed a slightly improved statistical fit of model 2, where all C pools are assigned with the same k constant. Rotary speed was related to increases in the amount of labile C available and to changes of the mean resident labile C pool available after tillage. This approach allows describing the temporal variability of tillage-induced emissions by a simple analytical function, including non-tilled emission plus an exponential term modulated by tillage and environmentally dependent parameters.
Soils and agriculture in central-west and north Brazil
Authors: Buol Stanley W.
Published: July 2010

Modern soil science, spearheaded by research in Brazil has facilitated the utilization of vast areas of previously uncultivated soil long considered unsuitable for human food production into highly productive agricultural land. Naturally acid soils with high contents of aluminum and iron oxides and low CEC values and organic matter contents long considered insurmountable obstacles to crop production in tropical latitudes could be extremely productive. With continued development of the infrastructure needed by commercial agriculture Brazil has the potential to lead the world in its quest to provide food for growing human populations.
The Relationship Between Religion, Illness and Death in Life Histories of Family Members of Children With Life-Threatening Diseases
Authors: Bousso Regina Szylit , Serafim Taís de Souza , Misko Maira Deguer
Published: July 2010

This qualitative study aimed to get to know the relationship between the experiences of families of children with a life-threatening disease and their religion, illness and life histories. The methodological framework was based on Oral History. The data were collected through interviews and the participants were nine families from six different religions who had lived the experience of having a child with a life-threatening disease. The interviews, held with one or two family members, were transcribed, textualized and, through their analysis, the Vital Tone was elaborated, representing the moral synthesis of each narrative. Three dimensions of spirituality were related to illness and death in their life histories: a Higher Being with a healing power; Development and Maintenance of a Connection with God and Faith Encouraging Optimism. The narratives demonstrated the family's search to attribute meanings to their experiences, based on their religious beliefs.
The Roles and Functions of Occupational Health Nurses in Brazil and in the United States
Authors: Marziale Maria Helena Palucci , Hong Oi Saeng , Morris Judy A. , Rocha Fernanda Ludmilla Rossi
Published: July 2010

Cross-sectional exploratory research developed to outline the roles and functions of occupational health nurses (OHNs) in Brazil and compare them with those in the United States. The sample consisted of 154 Brazilian occupational health nurses. First, the instrument Job Analysis Survey of Occupational Health Nursing Practice was translated into Portuguese, followed by data collection and data analysis, comparing the results of the proposed study in Brazil with the findings of a job delineation study conducted in the United States. It was found that most were women, white, between 41 and 50 years of age and working primarily at hospitals or medical centers as clinicians and managers/administrators. Besides, it was found that most Brazilian OHNs spend more time in managerial roles, followed by consultant and educator responsibilities while, in the United States, OHNs spend significantly more time in education/advisory roles.
Nosocomial Infection in an Intensive Care Unit in a Brazilian University Hospital
Authors: Oliveira Adriana Cristina de , Kovner Christine Tassone , Silva Rafael Souza da
Published: July 2010

This prospective study aimed to determine the nosocomial infection (NI) incidence in an Intensive Care Unit (ICU), its association with clinical characteristics and occurrence sites. It was carried out among 1.886 patients admitted in an ICU of a University Hospital, from August 2005 to January 2008. Data analysis was done using Fisher’s test and Relative Risk (RR). There were 383 NIs (20.3%). The infections were in the urinary tract (n=144; 37.6%), pneumonia (n=98; 25.6%), sepsis (n=58; 15.1%), surgical site (n=54; 14.1%) and others (n=29; 7.7%). Hospitalization average was 19.3 days for patients with NI and 20.2 days for those with colonization by resistant microorganisms. The mortality was 39.5% among patients with NI (RR: 4.4; 3.4-5.6). The NI was associated with patients originated from other units of the institution/emergency unit, more than 4 days of hospitalization, community infection, colonized by resistant microorganisms, using invasive procedures and deaths resulting from NI.
Conceptions and Feelings of Nurses Working in Emergency Medical Services about their Professional Practice and Training
Authors: Romanzini Evânio Márcio , Bock Lisnéia Fabiani
Published: July 2010

This descriptive study with qualitative approach aimed to identify the feelings that result from the practice and training of nurses working in mobile Emergency Medical Services (EMS). Nine nurses were interviewed in September 2007. Bardin's content analysis was used and six categories emerged: "Feelings aroused in the EMS", "Experiences in the daily routine", "nurses' activities in EMS", "Personal and professional preparedness", "Reflecting on the professional training" and "Nurses' perceptions of the EMS". The importance of this study lays in the need for personally, professionally and emotionally prepared nurses and also in the need to acknowledge and value the nursing practice in this service. The results revealed that nurses working in EMS feel secure, prepared and motivated to work and they also experience diverse feelings such as compassion, gratitude, anger, pity, sadness and anxiety. Acknowledgment and the possibility of restoring lives motivate them.
Hydrogen-Ion Potential of Antibiotics According to the Environment Factors Temperature and Luminosity
Authors: Crepaldi Renata Maria Coelho , Monteiro Cíntia , Peterlini Maria Angélica Sorgini , Pedreira Mavilde da Luz Gonçalves
Published: July 2010

The objective of this experimental study was to measure the pH of antibiotics administered by intravenous infusion - ceftriaxone sodium, vancomycin hydrochloride, metrodinazole, penicillin G potassium and amikacin sulfate - after reconstitution with sterile water and dilution with NaCl 0.9% or dextrose 5% in water, according to temperature and luminosity of the environment. The results showed that variation in the drugs' pH was less than 1.0 value and that some antibiotics remained acidic after dilution and maintained this chemical profile in all situations studied, suggesting that the studied environmental factors did not change the solutions' acid base characteristic. Some pH values measured characterize risk for the development of chemical phlebitis and infiltration, and it is important for clinical practice to emphasize the profile of intravenous solutions of antibiotics, considering method of dilution, and time to infusion.
Surgical Positioning: Evidence for Nursing Care
Authors: Lopes Camila Mendonça de Moraes , Galvão Cristina Maria
Published: July 2010

The goal of surgical positioning is to promote access to the surgical site. It should be carried out correctly to ensure patient safety and prevent complications. This integrative literature review aimed to search for and evaluate available evidences in literature about nursing care related to surgical positioning of adult patients in the intraoperative period. Pubmed, Cinahl and Lilacs databases were used for the selection of the articles. The sample consisted of 20 articles. The synthesis of the available evidence showed that included studies focused on three main topics: risk factors for developing complications, complications due to surgical positioning and nursing care related to surgical positioning. Among the gaps in the research theme, the need to conduct studies on effective devices for each type of surgical position is highlighted.
New data on the ecology and geographic distribution of Saguinus inustus Schwarz, 1951 (Primates, Callitrichidae)
Authors: Valsecchi J. , Vieira TM. , Silva Júnior JS. , Muniz ICM. , Avelar AA.
Published: July 2010

Saguinus inustus (Schwarz, 1951) is one of the neotropical primates least studied. The distribution of the species ranges from the north of the Solimões River, between the Negro and Japurá Rivers in Brazil, and Guayabero-Guaviare Rivers in Colombia. Nevertheless, due to the low number of specimens collected from the lower Japurá and lower Negro Rivers areas, the geographic distribution is so far poorly delineated. In this study, field data was composed of sightings and the collection of specimens during a survey of mammal diversity in the Amana Sustainable Development Reserve (ASDR). For this survey, two 40-day expeditions were carried out in 2004. The first one occurred during the flooded season in June and July, and the second was during the peak of the dry season in October. Direct sightings were made through hiking along transects, navigation along water channels with a 30-hp speedboat, and gliding along flooded trails in the forest. New records of S. inustus were made in 11 different localities in ASDR. The study has confirmed the presence of the species in the Amanã area, carrying out the first records of the species in flooded forest habitats.
How many studies are necessary to compare niche-based models for geographic distributions? Inductive reasoning may fail at the end
Authors: Terribile LC , Diniz-Filho JAF , De Marco Jr. P
Published: July 2010

The use of ecological niche models (ENM) to generate potential geographic distributions of species has rapidly increased in ecology, conservation and evolutionary biology. Many methods are available and the most used are Maximum Entropy Method (MAXENT) and the Genetic Algorithm for Rule Set Production (GARP). Recent studies have shown that MAXENT perform better than GARP. Here we used the statistics methods of ROC - AUC (area under the Receiver Operating Characteristics curve) and bootstrap to evaluate the performance of GARP and MAXENT in generate potential distribution models for 39 species of New World coral snakes. We found that values of AUC for GARP ranged from 0.923 to 0.999, whereas those for MAXENT ranged from 0.877 to 0.999. On the whole, the differences in AUC were very small, but for 10 species GARP outperformed MAXENT. Means and standard deviations for 100 bootstrapped samples with sample sizes ranging from 3 to 30 species did not show any trends towards deviations from a zero difference in AUC values of GARP minus AUC values of MAXENT. Ours results suggest that further studies are still necessary to establish under which circumstances the statistical performance of the methods vary. However, it is also important to consider the possibility that this empirical inductive reasoning may fail in the end, because we almost certainly could not establish all potential scenarios generating variation in the relative performance of models.
Correspondence between hysteroscopic and histologic findings in women with chronic endometritis
Authors: CICINELLI ETTORE , TINELLI RAFFAELE , LEPERA ACHIROPITA , PINTO VINCENZO , FUCCI MARIAROSA , RESTA LEONARDO
Published: July 2010

Objective. To estimate if findings in women with chronic endometritis (CE) at fluid hysteroscopy correlate with the severity of inflammation at histology and to assess the possibility to score the severity of inflammation by fluid hysteroscopy. Design. Controlled clinical study. Setting. University hospital. Population. A total of 211 outpatient women with a hysteroscopic diagnosis of CE and 30 control women without any such signs. Methods. All patients underwent endometrial biopsy by means of a 3‐mm Novak's curette connected to a 20‐ml syringe without any anesthesia. Main outcome measures. Hysteroscopic records were reviewed and compared with histologic findings by using an arbitrary inflammation score (Grades 0–2, no inflammation to severe infiltration, nodules and glands disruption, respectively). Results. A significant correlation between focal hyperemia and isolated micropolyps with Grade 1 inflammation and between generalized hyperemia, presence of diffuse micropolyps and polypoid endometrium with Grade 2 inflammation was found. Hysteroscopic and histologic grading showed good agreement (kappa index = 0.62). Conclusions. In women affected by CE the severity of histological alterations may be reliably evaluated by fluid hysteroscopy. This information may be clinically useful not only for giving a prognosis and as a basis for interpretation of patients' complaints, but also for monitoring treatment.
Health-Care Staff Attitudes Towards Self-Harm Patients
Authors: Gibb Sheree J. , Beautrais Annette L. , Surgenor Lois J.
Published: July 2010

Objective: To examine attitudes towards self-harm patients and need for training about self-harm amongst health-care staff in Christchurch, New Zealand.

Methods: Health-care staff from a general and a psychiatric hospital completed a questionnaire about their attitudes towards self-harm patients and their need for training about self-harm.

Results: A total of 195 staff members completed the questionnaire (response rate 64.4%). Overall, health-care staff had both positive and negative attitudes towards self-harm patients. Staff believed that their contact was helpful to self-harm patients, that they were patient and understanding, and were optimistic about patients’ outcomes. However, staff did not feel confident working with self-harm patients and believed that their training in this area was inadequate. Attitudes were not significantly associated with age, gender, or experience. However, more negative attitudes were significantly associated with higher levels of burnout (through high emotional exhaustion (p <0.0002) and low personal accomplishment (p <0.003)). Staff comments indicated that their greatest difficulties working with self-harm patients included repetitive self-harm, frustrating and difficult patient behaviour, communication difficulties, and time pressure. Staff suggestions for improvement included more training, provision of a handbook or guidelines, and greater flexibility with patient allocations.

Conclusions: Overall, health-care staff had positive attitudes towards self-harm patients, and a strong desire to help such patients. However, staff did not feel confident working with self-harm patients and had a strong desire for additional training in this area. Additional staff training in working with self-harm patients could have the potential to increase staff confidence and attitudes and enhance patient care.
Help-Seeking for Substance Use, Anxiety and Affective Disorders Among Young People: Results from the 2007 Australian National Survey of Mental Health and Wellbeing
Authors: Reavley Nicola J. , Cvetkovski Stefan , Jorm Anthony F. , Lubman Dan I.
Published: July 2010

Objective: To provide a more detailed analysis of the relationship between type and severity of mental disorders (substance use, anxiety and affective disorders) and help-seeking in those aged 16–24 years compared to those aged 25–44 and 45–85 years.

Method: Data from the National Survey of Mental Health and Wellbeing (NSMHWB) which was conducted in 2007. The survey sample comprised residents of private dwellings across Australia aged 16–85 years.

Results: More than one in four Australians aged 16–24 years experienced a mental disorder in the preceding 12 months. This compared to one in five in those aged 16–85 years. Fewer than one in four 16–24-year-olds with a 12-month mental disorder accessed health services in a 12-month period compared with just over one in three of those aged 16–85. The gap in help-seeking was primarily related to higher rates of substance use disorders and low help-seeking associated with these, particularly in young men.

Conclusions: Findings from the 2007 NSMHWB show that the gap in help-seeking in young people with mental health problems is largely due to high rates of substance use disorders and the low rates of help-seeking associated with these. In order to address this gap there is a need for better coordination and integration of mental health and alcohol and drug services within primary care settings. Population health approaches that tackle erroneous beliefs about alcohol and related harms and improve overall mental health literacy are also needed.
Cognitive Behavioural Group Treatment for Chinese Parents with Children with Developmental Disabilities in Melbourne, Australia: An Efficacy Study
Authors: Wong Fu Keung Daniel , Poon Ada
Published: July 2010

Objectives: This study attempted to test the efficacy of a culturally attuned cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) group for Chinese parents with children with developmental disabilities at risk of developing mental health problems in Melbourne, Australia. It was hypothesized that the participants in the experimental group would have less parenting stress and fewer dysfunctional attitudes, rules, and values, and better mental health and quality of life than the participants in the control group post-test.

Method: A total of 58 participants were randomly assigned into CBT and waiting list control groups. While ANCOVAs were used to compare the differences in General Health Questionnaires-12 (GHQ-12), Parenting Stress Index- Parent Domain (PSI-PD), Quality of Life Enjoyment and Satisfaction Questionnnaire-18 (Q-LES-Q-18) and Dysfunctional Attitude Scale (DAS) between participants of the experiemental and control groups, effect size statistics were performed to measure the magnitude of changes in the above instruments at post treatment.

Results: After ten weeks of treatment, the participants in the CBT group showed significant improvement in GHQ-12, Parenting Stress Index (PSI)-Parent Domain and Q-LES-Q-18 scores, but not in DAS scores. The effect size statistics revealed large differences in GHQ-12, PSI-Parent Domain and Q-LES-Q-18 scores between the participants in the experimental and control groups at post-treatment. When a GHQ score of 4 or greater was used as the recommended cut-off score, about 89% and 10% of the participants in the experimental and control groups, respectively, were classified as not at-risk cases at post-treatment.

Conclusion: The initial findings suggest that a culturally attuned CBT group may help Chinese parents with children with developmental disabilities to reduce their parenting stress and improve their general mental health and quality of life.
EVALUATION OF STRENGTH OF SPHERICAL CONTACT PAIRS OF AVIATION STRUCTURES
Authors: Žiliukas Antanas , Merkys Bronius
Published: July 2010

The strength criterion is used to evaluate the spherical contact pairs of the aviation structures. The strength criterion helps evaluate triaxial tension in the contact pair. Calculations reveal the acceptability of the suggested criterion.

Santrauka

Kontaktiniu poru stiprumui ivertinti taikomas stiprumo kriterijus, kuris naudojamas sudetingo itempiu būvio atvejais. Ši metodika leidžia skaičiavimuose atsisakyti empiriniu koeficientu. Gauti skaičiavimu rezultatai rodo kriterijaus priimtinuma, palyginti su eksperimentiniais.
Utilización de instrumentos de concha durante el Mesolítico y Neolítico inicial en contextos litorales de la región cantábrica: programa experimental para el análisis de huellas de uso en materiales malacológicos
Authors: Cuenca Solana David , Clemente Conte Ignacio , Gutiérrez Zugasti Igor
Published: July 2010

Uno de los debates más extendidos en la historiografía sobre el Mesolítico y el Neolítico inicial en la región cantábrica es el de la escasez de tecnologías “tradicionales” en la mayor parte de los contextos existentes, especialmente en aquellos con grandes acumulaciones de conchas. Actualmente, varias de las hipótesis propuestas atribuyen este fenómeno a diferencias en la organización espacial de los asentamientos, al aumento en la utilización de materiales perecederos o a cambios en las estrategias de subsistencia. A partir del hallazgo de siete instrumentos de concha en el yacimiento de Santimamiñe (Kortezubi, Bizkaia), que a su vez constituyen la primera evidencia de su categoría en la región cantábrica, se propone como hipótesis el empleo de tecnologías de concha en algunas de las actividades productivas desarrolladas por los grupos de cazadores recolectores de los períodos indicados. Con el objetivo de confirmar/refutar los resultados obtenidos mediante el análisis funcional de estos instrumentos se ha llevado a cabo un programa experimental con diferentes especies de moluscos para procesar madera, piel fresca/seca y planta no leñosa. Los resultados del programa experimental confirman la utilización de estos instrumentos en diversas actividades productivas orientadas al procesado de algunas de estas materias.
Hacia el Lejano Oeste. Arte levantino en el acceso a la Meseta: la Roca Benedí (Jaraba, Zaragoza)
Authors: Utrilla Pilar , Bea Manuel , Benedí Serafín
Published: July 2010

Se da a conocer el hallazgo de cinco motivos, cuatro de ellos del más clásico estilo levantino y de color negro, en una zona inédita: el valle del río Mesa en la cuenca del río Jalón, camino natural de acceso a la Meseta Sur. La roca pintada se ubica además en territorio de aguas termales, muy próximo a los balnearios de Jaraba, destacándose como el yacimiento levantino más occidental conocido en Aragón. Su patrón estilístico encaja en los tipos de arqueros que se desplazan, con paralelos temáticos en el grupo Bajo Aragón/Maestrazgo/Bajo Ebro. Su ubicación en un cañón sinuoso reproduce el esquema de la zona de Valltorta (Castellón) y subraya su carácter de marcador territorial, situándose en un anfiteatro natural tras un meandro en la confluencia con un barranco perpendicular y en la zona más visible de todo el barranco.
IL-3 Inhibits Human Osteoclastogenesis and Bone Resorption through Downregulation of c-Fms and Diverts the Cells to Dendritic Cell Lineage
Authors: Gupta Navita , Barhanpurkar Amruta P. , Tomar Geetanjali B. , Srivastava Rupesh K. , Kour Supinder , Pote Satish T. , Mishra Gyan C. , Wani Mohan R.
Published: July 2010

IL-3 is an important cytokine that regulates hematopoiesis and functions as a link between the immune and the hematopoietic system. In this study, we investigated the role and mechanism of IL-3 action on human osteoclast formation and bone resorption using PBMCs. PBMCs differentiate into functional osteoclasts in the presence of M-CSF and receptor activator of NF-κB ligand as evaluated by 23c6 expression and bone resorption. We found that IL-3 dose-dependently inhibited formation of 23c6-positive osteoclasts, bone resorption and C-terminal telopeptide of type I collagen, a collagen degradation product. The inhibitory effect of IL-3 on bone resorption was irreversible. To investigate the mechanism of IL-3 action, we analyzed the effect of IL-3 on the receptor activator of NF-κB and c-Fms receptors and c-Fos, PU.1, NFAT cytoplasmic 1, and RelB transcription factors essential for osteoclastogenesis. IL-3 significantly inhibited c-Fms and downregulated both PU.1 and c-Fos at both mRNA and protein level. Furthermore, IL-3–treated cells showed increased expression of dendritic cell markers CD1a and CD80 and decreased expression of monocyte/macrophage marker CD14. Interestingly, IL-3 inhibited formation of human osteoclasts derived from blood monocytes and bone marrow cells of osteoporotic individuals. Thus, IL-3 may have therapeutic potential as an antiosteolytic agent in treatment of osteoporosis.
Pan–CC Chemokine Neutralization Restricts Splenocyte Egress and Reduces Inflammation in a Model of Arthritis
Authors: Buatois Vanessa , Fagète Séverine , Magistrelli Giovanni , Chatel Laurence , Fischer Nicolas , Kosco-Vilbois Marie H. , Ferlin Walter G.
Published: July 2010

Chemokines are key regulators of leukocyte trafficking and play a crucial role under homeostatic and inflammatory conditions. Because chemokines are involved in multiple pathologies, they represent an attractive class of therapeutic targets. However, because of the redundancy of this system, neutralizing a single chemokine may be insufficient to achieve therapeutic benefit. Our strategy was to use a Fc-fusion recombinant protein form of the poxvirus-derived viral CC chemokine inhibitor protein (vCCI-Fc) that has the ability to specifically bind to multiple CC chemokines and neutralize their activity. In this study, we demonstrate first that, in vivo, vCCI-Fc prevents CC chemokine-dependent migration of macrophages into inflamed tissue of carageenan-challenged mice. We next studied this effect of inhibiting CC chemokine activity in a model more relevant to human disease, collagen-induced arthritis. Mice receiving vCCI-Fc revealed a striking retention of splenocytes, including activated and IFN-γ–secreting CD4+ and CD8+ T cells, that was associated with a concomitant decrease of cells in the draining lymph nodes. These phenomena resulted in a significant decrease in the incidence of disease and a reduction in clinical score, joint inflammation, and cartilage destruction as compared with mice receiving isotype control. Taken together, these results define a role for CC chemokines in the control of disease, as interfering with their function leads to a previously unappreciated role of controlling inflammatory cell trafficking in and out of secondary lymphoid organs.
Type 1 Diabetes in BioBreeding Rats Is Critically Linked to an Imbalance between Th17 and Regulatory T Cells and an Altered TCR Repertoire
Authors: van den Brandt Jens , Fischer Henrike J. , Walter Lutz , Hünig Thomas , Klöting Ingrid , Reichardt Holger M.
Published: July 2010

Diabetes-prone BioBreeding (DP-BB) rats spontaneously develop type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) on grounds of their MHC haplotype RT1u and a point mutation in the Gimap5 gene. In this study, we report that DP-BB rats exhibit an increasingly severe imbalance, in particular between Th17 and regulatory T (Treg) cells, within the first months of age. This can be assigned to an excess in effector T cells because neither the percentage nor the function of the Treg cells is compromised. Flow cytometric analysis of Vβ segment usage and CDR3 spectratyping further suggest that the disturbed repertoire of peripheral T cells may also contribute to the development of T1DM in DP-BB rats. Importantly, expansion of Treg cells in vivo by means of a CD28 superagonistic Ab as well as adoptive transfer of Treg cells efficiently interferes with the development of T1DM in DP-BB rats, whereas treatment with conventional Th cells does not afford protection. Using a newly generated strain of enhanced GFP transgenic rats, we could further demonstrate that the transferred Treg cells persist in the recipient rats for several months and partially correct the imbalance between Th17 and Treg cells. Thus, our data support the hypothesis that unchecked effector T cell action and a disturbed T cell repertoire contribute to the development of T1DM in DP-BB rats, which may also have implications for a better understanding of the human disease.
Dendritic Cells Continue To Capture and Present Antigens after Maturation In Vivo
Authors: Drutman Scott B. , Trombetta E. Sergio
Published: July 2010

Dendritic cell (DC) maturation is critical for the regulation of T cell responses. The downregulation of endocytosis on maturation is considered a key adaptation that dissociates prior Ag capture by DCs from subsequent T cell engagement. To study the dynamics of Ag capture and presentation in situ, we studied the capacity for Ag uptake by DCs matured in their natural tissue environment. We found that after maturation in vivo, mouse DCs retained a robust capacity to capture soluble Ags. Furthermore, Ags internalized by mature DCs were efficiently presented on MHC class II and cross-presented on MHC class I. These results suggest that under inflammatory conditions, mature DCs may contribute to T cell stimulation without exclusively relying on prior exposure to Ags as immature DC precursors.
Graded Attenuation of TCR Signaling Elicits Distinct Autoimmune Diseases by Altering Thymic T Cell Selection and Regulatory T Cell Function
Authors: Tanaka Satoshi , Maeda Shinji , Hashimoto Motomu , Fujimori Chihiro , Ito Yoshinaga , Teradaira Shin , Hirota Keiji , Yoshitomi Hiroyuki , Katakai Tomoya , Shimizu Akira , Nomura Takashi , Sakaguchi Noriko , Sakaguchi Shimon
Published: July 2010

Mice with a mutation of the ζ-associated protein of 70 kDa gene (skg mutation) are genetically prone to develop autoimmune arthritis, depending on the environment. In a set of mice with the mutation, the amount of ζ-associated protein of 70 kDa protein as well as its tyrosine phosphorylation upon TCR stimulation decreased from +/+, skg/+, skg/skg, to skg/− mice in a stepwise manner. The reduction resulted in graded alterations of thymic positive and negative selection of self-reactive T cells and Foxp3+ natural regulatory T cells (Tregs) and their respective functions. Consequently, skg/− mice spontaneously developed autoimmune arthritis even in a microbially clean environment, whereas skg/skg mice required stimulation through innate immunity for disease manifestation. After Treg depletion, organ-specific autoimmune diseases, especially autoimmune gastritis, predominantly developed in +/+, at a lesser incidence in skg/+, but not in skg/skg BALB/c mice, which suffered from other autoimmune diseases, especially autoimmune arthritis. In correlation with this change, gastritis-mediating TCR transgenic T cells were positively selected in +/+, less in skg/+, but not in skg/skg BALB/c mice. Similarly, on the genetic background of diabetes-prone NOD mice, diabetes spontaneously developed in +/+, at a lesser incidence in skg/+, but not in skg/skg mice, which instead succumbed to arthritis. Thus, the graded attenuation of TCR signaling alters the repertoire and the function of autoimmune T cells and natural Tregs in a progressive manner. It also changes the dependency of disease development on environmental stimuli. These findings collectively provide a model of how genetic anomaly of T cell signaling contributes to the development of autoimmune disease.
Noninvasive Demonstration of Dual Coronary Artery Fistulas to Main Pulmonary Artery with 64-Slice Multidetector-Computed Tomography: A Case Report
Authors: Noda Yoshiki , Matsutera Ryo , Yasuoka Yoshinori , Abe Haruhiko , Adachi Hidenori , Hattori Susumu , Araki Ryo , Imanaka Takahiro , Kosugi Motohiro , Sasaki Tatsuya
Published: July 2010

Coronary artery fistulas, including coronary pulmonary fistulas, are usually discovered accidently among the adult population when undergoing invasive coronary angiographies. We report here a 58-year-old woman with dual fistulas originating from the left anterior descending coronary artery and right coronary sinus to the main pulmonary artery, demonstrating noninvasively with multidetector-computed tomography (MDCT) and transthoracic echocardiography (TTE).
 A competence executive coaching model
Authors: Koortzen Pieter , Oosthuizen Rudolf M.
Published: July 2010

Orientation: Psychologists in industry are increasingly required to provide executive coaching services in their organisations or as part of their consulting services. An evaluation of coaching models as well as the development needs of individuals being trained as coaches, both locally and internationally, has led the authors to believe that there is a need for a competence executive coaching model.Research purpose: The purpose of this article is to address the training and development needs of these consulting psychologists by presenting a competence executive coaching model for the planning, implementation and evaluation of executive coaching interventions.Research design, approach and method: The study was conducted while one of the authors was involved in teaching doctoral students in consulting psychology and executive coaching, specifically in the USA. The approach involved a literature review of executive coaching models and a qualitative study using focus groups to develop and evaluate the competence executive coaching model.Main findings: The literature review provided scant evidence of competence executive coaching models and there seems to be a specific need for this in the training of coaches in South Africa. Hence the model that was developed is an attempt to provide trainers with a structured model for the training of coaches.Contribution/value-add: The uniqueness of this competence model is not only described in terms of the six distinct coaching intervention phases, but also the competencies required in each.
Empirical Evidence on the Relationship Between Earnings Growth and Interest Rates
Authors: Nowak Laura S.
Published: July 2010

No abstract available.
Economic Loss in the Death of a Child: An Extended Comment
Authors: Ireland Thomas R.
Published: July 2010

No abstract available.
Letters to the Editor
Authors: Kamin M.B.A Jules H.
Published: July 2010

No abstract available.
Preface
Authors: Johnson Walter D.
Published: July 2010

No abstract available.
Economists, Ethics, and the Marketplace
Authors: Sattler Edward L.
Published: July 2010

No abstract available.
Note: Discounting a Partially Tax-Sheltered Income Stream
Authors: Feldman Roger
Published: July 2010

No abstract available.
Notes on Employee Fringe Benefit Costs
Authors: Slesinger Reuben E.
Published: July 2010

No abstract available.
Issues Affecting the Calculated Value of Life
Authors: Albrecht Gary R.
Published: July 2010

No abstract available.
Control of primary production in the Arctic by nutrients and light: insights from a high resolution ocean general circulation model
Authors: Popova E. E. , Yool A. , Coward A. C. , Aksenov Y. K. , Alderson S. G. , de Cuevas B. A. , Anderson T. R.
Published: July 2010

Abstract. Until recently, the Arctic Basin was generally considered to be a low productivity area and was afforded little attention in global- or even basin-scale ecosystem modelling studies. Due to anthropogenic climate change however, the sea ice cover of the Arctic Ocean is undergoing an unexpectedly fast retreat, exposing increasingly large areas of the basin to sunlight. As indicated by existing Arctic phenomena such as ice-edge blooms, this decline in sea-ice is liable to encourage pronounced growth of phytoplankton in summer and poses pressing questions concerning the future of Arctic ecosystems. It thus provides a strong impetus to modelling of this region. The Arctic Ocean is an area where plankton productivity is heavily influenced by physical factors. As these factors are strongly responding to climate change, we analyse here the results from simulations of the 1/4° resolution global ocean NEMO (Nucleus for European Modelling of the Ocean) model coupled with the MEDUSA (Model for Ecosystem Dynamics, carbon Utilisation, Sequestration and Acidification) biogeochemical model, with a particular focus on the Arctic Basin. Simulated productivity is consistent with the limited observations for the Arctic, with significant production occurring both under the sea-ice and at the thermocline, locations that are difficult to sample in the field. Results also indicate that a substantial fraction of the variability in Arctic primary production can be explained by two key physical factors: (i) the maximum penetration of winter mixing, which determines the amount of nutrients available for summer primary production, and (ii) short-wave radiation at the ocean surface, which controls the magnitude of phytoplankton blooms. A strong empirical correlation was found in the model output between primary production these two factors, highlighting the importance of physical processes in the Arctic Ocean.
Rapid changes of the ice mass configuration in the dynamic Diablotins ice cave – Fribourg Prealps, Switzerland
Authors: Morard S. , Bochud M. , Delaloye R.
Published: July 2010

Abstract. The Gouffre des Diablotins is a deep cave system located in the Swiss Prealps. In 1991, the entrance zone of the cave was almost free of ice. Nevertheless ice volume sharply increased in 1994, plugging almost totally the gallery from the lower entrance. The ice cave have also experience flooded period between 1996 and 2007, and very heterogeneous ice surface morphology and textures have formed. Continuous cave climate measurements initiated in 2009 showed the predominant role of winter atmospheric air conditions to drive both the efficiency of chimney-effect circulation and seasonal modifications of the ice mass. Main part of the ice loss is currently due to sublimation in wintertime.
Parameterising the grounding line in ice sheet models
Authors: Gladstone R. M. , Payne A. J. , Cornford S. L.
Published: July 2010

Abstract. Realistic predictions of the behaviour of marine ice sheets require that models are able to robustly simulate grounding line migration. Fixed grid ice sheet models have been shown to exhibit inconsistent and hence unreliable grounding line migration behaviour, except at very high resolution not achievable in whole ice sheet simulations. In this study we present several different approaches to parameterising the grounding line. These are distinguished by choices regarding the ice thickness profile from the last grounded to the first floating grid point, and how this profile is allowed to impact on the gravitational driving stress and basal drag. We demonstrate that the most obvious choice of thickness parameterisation, linear interpolation from the last grounded to the first floating grid point, is not the most effective. We show that use of a grounding line parameterisation greatly improves performance, and that choice of a better grounding line parameterisation over a simpler one can bring further improvements, in terms of both accuracy and more self consistent behaviour, comparable to halving the grid resolution. The approach presented here to parameterising the grounding line does not in itself completely solve the grounding line problem, however it reduces requirements in terms of grid resolution. The parameterisations are presented in the context of a 1-D "shelfy-stream" flow-line model, but could be extended to cope with more than one dimension and other model formulations.
Analyzing consumers’ opinion on organic food, their safety and availability in the slovak food market
Authors: Kozelová Dagmar , Matejková Eva , Qineti Artan
Published: July 2010

In our paper we focus on the consumers´ opinion on bio - food, their safety and availability in the Slovak food market. The analysis is based on a survey organized in the period between December 2009 and January 2010. From the methodological aspect, basic approaches of descriptive statistics have been used, as well as methods of association measurement. The test of robustness tested Chi-Square statistic. The robustness have been judged based on the p-values. Correlations have been tested through the Contingency coefficient and Cramer's V coefficient. From the survey it can be concluded that even though consumers have some idea about bio – food and trust them more compared to other conventional food, they think that their market supply is not sufficient. Respondents consider media and internet, as the most important information source that they wish to be informed on bio-food safety and control, ecological agriculture, eco-agroturism, as well as on the effect of agriculture on the environment. Through the statistics of robustness, it was found out that the effect of gender, education, economic activity and faculty of the surveyed respondents (students from Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Sciences (FBP) had a better information on bio – food) proved to be statistically significant.
New methodologies for biofilms control in food industry
Authors: Čapla Jozef , Zajác Peter , Vietoris Vladimí­r , Bajzí­k Pavol
Published: July 2010

The complete removal of biofilms on food  equipment surfaces  is essential to ensure food safety and quality. However, cells in biofilms exhibit greater resistance against the action of sanitizers and other antimicrobial agents compared to their free living counterparts, making them much more difficult to remove. They can be a significant source of post - processing contamination and could potentially harbor pathogens in food processing platns. The biotechnology sector is just beginning to tackle the problem of biofilms by developing antimicrobial agents with novel mechanisms of action. Some studies seek to prevent biofilm formation, others aim to develop antimicrobial agents to treat existing biofilms, and still others are trying to disrupt the polymeric ties that bind the biofilms together.