bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
IMPACT OF PAK-INDIA TRADE ON ECONOMY OF PAKISTAN BY USING COMPUTABLE GENERAL EQUILIBIUM MODEL (CGE)
Authors: Memon Muhammad Salih , Bhatti Dr.Nadeem , Muhammad Shaikh Faiz , Ali Shah G.Syed Dr.Anwar
Published: August 2018

This research investigates the Impact of PAK-INDIA trade on Economy of Pakistan. Data were collected from GTAP-7 database and six sectors were included in the database, Textile, Pharmaceutical, Automobile parts and engineering, Agriculture, Financial and Insurance services and logistics.Â  Data were analyzed by using GEM-software.Â  Different simulation run on GTAP-7 database and various tariff rates applied.Â  It was revealed that if India were removing the sensitive list item, in this scenario both countries would have positive impact on GDP, Export, Import and Employment of Pakistan.Â  The results indicates that there in Agriculture, textile, Auto Pakistanâ€™s is head on India in MFN status.Â  In Pharmaceutical, Financial services and Logistics India has positive gain. Â It was further revealed that if Pakistan is given MFN status to India, Pakistanâ€™s import decreased and Export increased and overall positive impact on Economy. This research analyzes the potential economic costs and benefits of Pak-India trade in Textile, Pharmaceutical, Automobile parts and engineering, Agriculture, Financial and Insurance services and logistics. Â The first scenario is when normal trading relation with India will be restored; it means that both countries will give the MFN (Most Favored Nations) status to each other. In the second scenario, the SAFTA will be operative and there will be free trade between India and Pakistan and both countries will remove all tariffs and custom duties from each othersâ€™ imports. The Global trade analysis GTAP model is used to analyze the possible impact of SAFTA on Pakistan in a multi country, multi sector applied General equilibrium frame work. After employing the simplified static analysis framework, the analysis based on simulations reveals that current demand for Pakistani Textile, Pharmaceutical, Automobile parts and engineering, Agriculture, Financial and Insurance services and logistics will expand after the FTA and consumer surplus will increase. The drop in the domestic prices of dates will increase the production of many downstream industries, which will have pleasant multiplier effects on the economy of Pakistan. The government may reduce MFN tariffs on industrial dates before implementing the FTA. A key rule of multilateral trade system is that the reduction in trade barriers should be applied on a most-favored nation basis (MFN) to all WTO members. The only exception to the MFN principle built into the GATT legal framework is the provision for reciprocal free trade within customs unions and free trade areas (GATT article XXIV). Following the analytical framework discussed by PO managerial (2001), we employ the simplified static analysis by using CGE model for policy implication, which reveals that Pakistan will gain benefit from Pak-India trade. Results based on this research reveal that on SAFTA, grounds, here will be net export benefits in Pakistanâ€™s economy.
Work Stress in Banking Sectors in Pakistan
Authors: Memon Muhammad Salih , Bhatti Dr.Nadeem , Ali Shah G.Syed Dr.Anwar , Muhammad Shaikh Faiz , Ahmadani Dr.Munir
Published: August 2018

Stress has been experienced since ancient times, but it has never been worse than it is here in the early 21st century. Nowadays stress is responsible for more than fifty percent of all illness.Â  Despite this fact, the phenomenon of stress still hasnâ€™t been that deeply studied.Â  Contemporary society has to deal with the relatively new concept of workplace stressmore and more often. In order to answer the questions as to Why and What to do the problem of stress should be looked at in depth at individual workplaces.Only after this is done an appropriate and specific stress management programme can be created.Â  he purpose of this present study is to determine the main reasons for and consequences of stress at work, and to find the most effective ways of preventing it and coping with it. The research also analyzes the overall current situation of stress at work and takes a look at some historical facts related to the origins of stress.Â Â  People from different age groups, working spheres and cultures were invited for the interview during the year 2009, in order to get more information and practical examples from real life situations.Â Â Since there wasnâ€™t really any specific research found on this topic, my study will be potentially quite useful to companies, especially in the success of their overall development.
Corporate Governance and Performance Management Systems at DHI Companies: Experiences of Managing Change
Authors: Kharka Damber Singh , Denka Tshering , Nima Dorji
Published: August 2018

The Druk Holding and Investments (DHI), a government holding company in Bhutan that owns and manages majority of the state owned enterprises and holds government shares in many of the publically listed companies, has been initiating corporate governance and performance management reforms over the last eight years since its establishment in November 2007. Introduction of corporate governance practices in line with international good practices and introduction of performance management system in the state owned companies called for managing change. This paper, after a general introduction of the concept of change management, shares the experiences in change management. The paper highlights some of the initiatives undertaken by DHI and its companies, and underscores that success of introducing a new system is more certain when changes are introduced through a consultative process.Â
Energy Efficient Clustering in Wireless SensorNetworks Using Fuzzy Approach to Improve LEACH Protocol
Authors: Abood Basim , Hussien Aliaa , Li Yu , Wang Desheng
Published: August 2018

The most important consideration in designing protocols for wireless sensor networks is the energy constraint of nodes because in most cases battery recharging is inconvenient or impossible. Therefore, many researches have been done to overcome this demerit. Clustering is one of the main approaches in designing scalable and energy-efficient protocols for wireless sensor networks. The cluster heads take the task of data aggregation and data routing to decrease the amount of communication and this prolongs the network lifetime. LEACH protocol is one of the famous of them. In this paper, we proposed a novel scheme to investigate the cluster, the Fuzzy Logic Cluster Leach Protocol (FUZZY-LEACH), which uses Fuzzy Logic Inference System (FIS) in the cluster process. We demonstrate that using multiple parameters in cluster reduces energy consumption. We compare our technique with the LEACH protocol to show that using a multi parameter FIS enhances the network lifetime significantly. Simulation results demonstrate that the network lifetime achieved by the proposed method could be increased by nearly 28.5% more than that obtained by LEACH protocol in Â scenario, and by nearly 26.4% more than that LEACH protocol in Â scenario.
BEHAVIOUR OF FINANCIAL MARKETS DURING THE SUBPRIME CRISIS
Authors: Ammar SAMOUT
Published: August 2018

The objective of this article is to highlight the nature of the relationship between several stock markets (France, the great Britain, Germany, and United States). The behavior of those facing the subprime crisis that took place in United State markets we tried to analyze in August 2007. Empirically to make think back to these questions, we relied primarily on testing correlation. The result of this test demonstrates the significant increase in the correlation between stock markets: US, French, Germany and Britain during the period of the crisis. We interpret this increase as evidence of contagion. Secondly, it was based on the theory of co-integration. The results of the co-integration tests show the existence of three co-integration relationships between the most stock markets. The existence of co-integration relationship is evidence of contagion and integration of stock markets. Thirdly, we tried to apply the causality test between stock indices. The result of this test shows the existence of several causality between these indices confirming the importance of contagion during the crisis.
DETERMINENTS OF CAPITAL STRUCTURE: EVIDENCE FROM PAKISTAN SUGAR INDUSTRY.
Authors: Ghafoor Awan Prof. Dr. Abdul , ZahirFaridi Prof. Dr , ShahbazAnwer Ghaz Abdullahi
Published: August 2018

Capital structure is one of the most complex areas of financial decision making because of its inter-relationship with other financial decision variables. Poor capital structure decisions can result in a high cost of capital which decreases the value of a firm. Effective capital structure decisions decrease the cost of capital and hence the value of a firm increases.Â  The objective of this empirical study is to analyze the factors affecting capital structure of sugar industry in Pakistan and to check whether the results confirm or not pecking order theory and trade-off theory. Different theories of capital structure have been reviewed like Modigliani and miller theory, trade-off theory, pecking order theory and market timing theory to make assumptions regarding capital structure of sugar firms. The findings are based on empirical results using panel data techniques for a sample of 30 firms listed on Karachi Stock Exchange from 2008-2011. The results show that tangibility is positively associated with leverage whereas size of the firm and liquidity are negatively associated with leverage. The results of profitability and growth opportunities are insignificant.
proposing a new clustering algorithm to Reduction of Energy Consumption using Fuzzy Logic and Genetic Algorithm for Wireless Sensor Networks.
Authors: Hedayat Tarighi Nejad Sayyed , Alinaghian Reza , Sadeghzadeh Mehdi
Published: August 2018

The large-scale deployment of wireless sensor networksÂ  and the need for data aggregation necessitate efficient organization of the network topology for the purpose of balancing the load and prolonging the network lifetime. Clustering is one of the important methods for prolonging the network lifetime in wireless sensor networks. It involves grouping of sensor nodes into clusters and electing cluster heads for all the clusters. Clustering has proven to be an effective approach for organizing the network into a connected hierarchy.In this paper, using fuzzy system design and system optimization by genetic algorithm and colony of ants is presented approach to select the best cluster head in sensor networks. Using design and simulation a sensor network has been addressed to evaluation the presented fuzzy system in this paper, and finally the amount of energy consumption using proposed fuzzy system in comparison with LEACH method is calculated in select the cluster head. The result of evaluations is representative of a reduction of energy consumption in the proposed method in comparison with LEATCH method for select the cluster head. The reduction of energy consumption directly is effective on lifetime of wireless sensor network and can cause increase the lifetime these networks.
Analysis of Healthcare Data of Nepal Hospital using Multinomial Logistic Regression Model
Authors: Yadav Amit , Hui Li , Ali Mohsin , Anis Maria
Published: August 2018

Patient data had been collected from the hospital of Nepal with the help of hospital administration, doctors and patient cooperation. Data scrutiny attempts to shows the significant relationship between disease and factors causal of disease. Research explores the utility of multinomial logistic regression (MLR) technique in health domain and its most beneficial use for categorical data. Paper try to exhibit various factors which results in happening of health disorder and highlight application of data mining technique in healthcare. It is conceived that this work render more accuracy and reliability in detection of factors causal of disease, espial of fraud, helpful for all parties associated with healthcare, reduce cost, lessen time and treatment process.Â
Linking Social Media with E-Government Services (Saudi Arabia case study)
Authors: Aldera Saja
Published: August 2018

Governments around the world are adapting the e-government initiative to provide new ways of delivering their services. The e-government initiative aims to increase government performance efficiency; however, there are a number of limitations facing the success of the e-government initiative. One of the key limitations is the citizensâ€™ lack of knowledge about the e-government services which, in turn, requires an in-depth understanding of the citizensâ€™ needs in order to provide them with the right service, at the right time. One way to accomplish this is by using the life-event approach, which is considered to be a citizen-centric approach that matches the citizenâ€™s life-events with the needed e-government services. Moreover, with the increasing population using or organising their lives on social media, some services are turning to organising and recording a personâ€™s life. One such example is the â€˜timelineâ€™ on Facebook, in which the events in a personâ€™s life are being recorded, and considered to be a source for capturing citizenâ€™s life-events and needs.This research aims to develop a mechanism to advertise e-government services to citizens by using social media based on the life-event approach. Accordingly, the Social Media - Norm-Based Life-Event (SM-NoBLE) system is implemented with a mechanism for extracting citizenâ€™s life-events from citizen interactions with social media. Then, it matches life-events with relevant e-services using the Norm-Based Life-Event (NoBLE) framework and the concept of norms borrowed from organisational semiotics for the matching mechanism. This research creates a case study of Saudi Arabia to apply the SM-NoBLE system to evaluate accuracy and functionality.
THE FACTORS AFFECTING PRICING STRATEGIES IN TOURISM ESTABLISHMENTS A FIELD STUDY IN SOUTHEASTERN ANATOLIA REGION IN TURKEY
Authors: Durmaz Yakup , Karahan Dr. Murat Karahan , ALSU Dr. Erkan , DURUR Erhan
Published: August 2018

Pricing is considered to be one of the most important marketing tools in sales and sales promotion. Pricing is also one of the important topics that businesses should be careful about if they want to have an edge over their rivals in the market. Pricing is a process controlled by business itself.There are internal and external factors pricing depends on. Internal factors are: marketing strategies, cost structure and cost decision mechanisms. External factors are; market and demand structure, product price of opponents, chain of distribution and legal legislation.This study aims to determine the factors affecting prices of products and pricing strategies of businesses. In this study, exploratory research was used so as to determine the pricing strategies of 4 and 5 star hotels operating in the Southeastern Region of Anatolia. As a result of the analyses, the most important factor affecting pricing was found out to be costs.
Corporate Failure and the Role of Governance: The Parmalat Scandal
Authors: Ogutu Emmanuel Omondi
Published: August 2018

Being touted as the biggest scandal in terms of value, the Parmalat scandal offers a good opportunity to investigate and analyze the role of corporate governance in the failure of corporations particularly in the United States, Europe, as well as in emerging economies. This paper examines Parmalatâ€™s history and describes the circumstances that led to the massive accounting fraud and collapse of Europeâ€™s and indeed one of the worldâ€™s leading dairy producers. This paper highlights and points out how weak and ineffective corporate governance structure and process heavily contributed to other problems within Parmalat and eventually led to its demise in the fall of 2003. This paper incorporates various studies conducted in the past on corporate governance and corporate failure. Organizations with strong and effective corporate governance structure and processes demonstrate better performance in all areas than those with weak corporate governance processes.
Cultural Intelligence and Employee Well-Being at Intercultural Environment; Intergovernmental and Nongovernmental Organizations (NGO & IGO) context.
Authors: IPEKCI SULEYMAN , Buyukbese Tuba
Published: August 2018

The aim of this study is to explore relationship between Cultural intelligence CQ and Employee well-being, using cultural intelligence and employee well-being questionnarie.The research survey sampling to target is Intergovernmental and Nongovernmental organizationsâ€™ (NGO & IGO) employees and expatries that operating in Gaziantep,Turkey.These kind of organizations has providing social,economic,logistics development for both public and private business sector even in developed country,also emergency natural disaster and humanatarian aid around the globe.That is obvious we can not ignore that contributions of their international and national staff experience from different nationalities.Main outcome of our researche, there is a significant positive correlation between motivational CQ and employee well-beign. You can find details on the results of research.Keywords; Intergovernmental and Nongovernmental Organizations ( IGO&NGO ), Cultural Intelligence ( CQ ),Employee Well-Being.
An assessment on how China Foreign Direct Investment Policy (FDI) Stimulate Development in African Countries: the case of Tanzania
Authors: SULEIMAN AMRAN SAID , Juma Sahim Abdalla
Published: August 2018

In this paper we have reviewed a case study which assess how China Foreign Direct Investment Policy (FDI) Stimulate Development in African Countries: The Case of Tanzania. FDI significantly increase the domestic in Africa both in monetary terms and also increase the gross of domestic product (GDP). Furthermore, FDI is an approach of changes the experiences and skills in different sectors like technology, market, infrastructures, education etc. African countries remain as recipient of the FDI inflows but still the out flows are very low especially in East African countries (Tanzania is one among the East African Countries). Also suggest that it is the time now African leaders to rethink again about their investment strategy to ensure other sectors like education, technology and infrastructures. Thus, provides more room for investors in those particular areas. In addition to that, the leaders must change their economic policy to attract more investors to invest in different sectors.
SURFACE FLOW REDUCTION AT APUDDLE AREA BY POROUS RECHARGE
Authors: Duppa M.T Ir Hakim
Published: August 2018

WaterloggingÂ occursÂ whenÂ rainÂ isÂ rainÂ waterÂ thatÂ  gathered Â accumulation Â exceededÂ the rainageÂ capacityÂ ofÂ theÂ riverÂ and it is Â causedndue to the absenceÂ of absorption infiltration into the soil this the study aimed to assess the basic characteristics of the land area of inundation, (material volcanic rocks, and chunk) and infiltration capacity this research method is the study of soil mechanics laboratory experiments using soil samples from 2 nundation areas, areas not graceful and the samples of porous material and chunks of mountain rock (sand, cement, bricks) the result showed that the characteristics of waterlogged soil including silt soils kelempungan category and has a value of permeability 0.0002099 cm/sec, permeability volcanic rocks 0.04505 cm/s, permeability blocks (sand, cement, bricks) 0.02955 cm/sec. This suggests that the volcanic rocks have large permeability values that can be just passed substantial drainage. From the analysis carried out shows the reduction of surface water to echarge the mountain rock so big that can reduce surface runoff and can also recharge ground waterreserves.
A Comprehensive Islamic Management Theory Theory (I)
Authors: Matar Essale Dr. Husein
Published: August 2018

â€œA good head and a good heart are always a formidable combinationâ€When discussing management, we have to start with a historical perspective that enables us to understand its evolution as:1)Â Â Â Â Â  It clarifies our view of the present,2)Â Â Â Â Â  It allows us to explain the way things are,3)Â Â Â Â Â  It instils a sense of causation, and,4)Â Â Â Â Â  It underlines the importance of interpretation in social science.The history of management thought starts from a search for a universal theory that fits all purposes, all societies, all cultures and all fields. Yet we see no single theory is accepted today. Instead we have theories devised and developed at different times with applications to different aspects of the management role.In the East, there are theories that have roots to Ancient Egypt or China; while the participation of Arab and Islamic scholars was very limited, due to the fact that their civilization was targeted by others, especially the Crusaders or the Mongols, who destroyed their Cultures in their cradles (Baghdad or Damascus), when they invaded their homelands and killed their scholars.Consequently, their priorities were mixed up and they became retroactive instead of being proactive; except for three recent endeavours:1)Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â  Dr. Tariq Al-Sweidan in Kuwait,Â  2)Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â  Prof. Abdul Aziz Abu Nabâ€™a, in Palestine, and3)Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â  Dr Abdul Muti M. Assaf in JordanAgain those theorists undermined the Ethical, Belief and Cultural/Behavioral straightness, but in some way tackled the surrounding environments that shape the organizational culture and the leaders as well.None of them could be categorized as to serve andface challenged for all the recent purposes.I presume, that my theory, The Comprehensive Islamic Management Theory (I) will fit. Let us try it.
Link between Micro Credit on SMEs business Growth and Poverty Alleviating in Rural Sindh
Authors: SalehMemon Muhammad , Mahmood Prof. Fayyaz , Bhatti Dr.Nadeem , Ali Shah G.Syed Dr.Anwar , Sethar Dr. Abdullah , Muhammad Shaikh Faiz
Published: August 2018

The current research investigates the linkage between Micro credit on SMEs business growth and poverty alliviation in rural Sindh. Data will be collected from 300 respondents who used Micro credit by using the simple random sampling technique and data were analysis by using SPSS-21 version. It was revealed that micro credit increases employment and productivity or not is an empirical question which we will explore in this section. Consequently, the best way to reduce poverty is to deal with both problems: increasing productivity by creating employment and developing human capital.Â  One way to increase the productivity of the poor is through broad-based economic growth.Â
ANALYZING THE BARRIERS OF PAK-INDIA TRADE ON TEXTILE EXPORTS BY USING CGE MODEL
Authors: SalehMemon Muhammad , Muhammad Shaikh Faiz , Sethar Dr. Abdullah , Mahmood Prof. Fayyaz , Ali Bhatti Dr.Muhammd
Published: August 2018

This research investigates the analyzingÂ  the barriers of Pak-india trade on textile exports by using CGE model.Â  Data were collected from 50 exporters by using simple random technique.Â  Data were analyzed by using SPSS-21version, A structural questionnaire was developed for the reliability and validity of the data. It was revealed that Exportersâ€™opiniononexportafterdecreasingthestrengthofbarriersExporters have been askedif they are ready toexport moretothe INDIAafter these barrierswillbeless,and70% of theexporterssaidyes, 22% saidmaybe, and8% said no.Thus,exportersarepositiveregardingexporttotheINDIA.Indiaâ€™sexporttotheINDIAcan be increased if these barriers get less or are removed.Â Â  It was further revealed that Accordingly,theresultssuggestthatareductionofimporttariffsto10percentwillincreasePakistanâ€™s welfareandterms-of-tradeaswell.Althoughonemightexpectthatthereductionofimporttariffswouldincreasethedomesticoutputandthereforeincreaseexportsales,thispolicy reformwouldadverselyaffectPakistanâ€™s domesticoutputinmostofthesectorsbecauseofforeign competition.Asimilar impactcanbeseeninexportsalestoo
Impact of Micro Credit on a Household level in Shikarpur District: An Econometric Analysis
Authors: SalehMemon Muhammad , Mahmood Prof. Fayyaz , Bhatti Dr.Nadeem , Muhammad Shaikh Faiz , Sethar Dr. Abdullah , Ali Bhatti Dr.Muhammd
Published: August 2018

The current research investigates the Impact of Micro Credit on a household level An Econometric Analysis.Â  Data were collected from 200 respondents from Shikarpur District.Â Â  A structural questionnaire was developed for the reliability and validity of the data.Â  It was revealed that Micro credit has positive impact on the living standard and diet intake of the in different villages of Shikarpur District. It was further revealed that household hardly meets calories requirements leaving the other basic needs. It is revealed that micro-credit is not enough to reduce the poverty in rural Pakistan. So, it needs further concrete measures to alleviate the poverty. It was further revealed that it was found that social networks played an important part in helping clients escape from poverty. Access to social networks provided clients with a defense against having to sell physical and human assets and so protected household assets. It was further revealed that early marriage has likewise results for the youthful posterity, as immature ladies have higher newborn child death rates.Â  It ought to likewise be specified that the more youthful the lady of the hour, the lower the share, which supports early relational unions. Despite what might be expected, virgin young ladies are viewed as money related resource as far as endowment.Â  Most of the early marriage girls when they will reach in the age of 40 they have 8 to 10 childrenâ€™s.
AVAILABILITY BIAS AND MARKET EFFICIENCY IN PAKISTAN
Authors: SalehMemon Muhammad , Khan Akmal , Sethar Dr. Abdullah , Ali Dr.Muhammad , Muhammad Shaikh Dr.Faiz , Abbassi Nusrat
Published: August 2018

Market efficiency has been a kind of pivot both for academic research and for policymaking concerning stock market for the last decades. But this hypothesis recently keeps being criticized both from archival and survey strategy. In this paper we also criticized it based on psychological survey. Concretely we show that the appearance of availability bias has a possibility in real stock markets and we also demonstrate that even information efficiency is a kind of problem concerning human psychology. In this study we conclude that availability bias is a factor contributing in inefficiency of Pakistani market.
CULTURAL CREATIVE AR GAME AND SIDE EFFECTS EVALUATION
Authors: Ren Hsu Der
Published: August 2018

In cultural creative industry, mobile games are one of the most increasing markets. Pokemon Go, as an Augmented reality (AR) in mobile games, may lead to both video game and physical activity, but it also inevitably triggers a certain degree of side effects. Unfortunately, there is little objective, scientific research focused on evaluating the risks of side effects that result from information exchange among mobile devices. In this study, the Grey Relational Analysis (GRA) is employed to identify and evaluate the risks of Pokemon Go. This research finds â€œWalking or car accidentâ€, â€œDisturbing sacred locationâ€, and â€œTrespassingâ€ are the top three side effects. Cultural creative game is a new inevitable business trend, it is an unavoidable responsibility to our society to govern and constitute a legal environment for those AR game players.
An Examination On Human Resource Management In Aligning To The Organizational Strategy
Authors: Ting Si Xue Colin
Published: August 2018

Human Resource Management has been proved to be an important element in organizing business. Every organization should have their own strategy. A study has been carried out to evaluate that Human Resource Management strategy is aligned to the organization strategy. In this paper, I have examined on how Starbucks uses Human Resource Management strategy to manage their business.
APPRAISING OBSTACLES TO FEMALE CAREER DEVELOPMENT IN BANKS: A STUDY OF SITUATION IN	NIGERIAN MONEY DEPOSIT BANKS
Authors: HAPPINESS OZIOMA OBI-ANIKE , OKORO AGU AGU , CHINYERE ADAMMA EZIEFULE
Published: August 2018

The study sought to determine effect of female career development on performance Money Deposit Banks, identify the obstacles of female career development in money deposit banks. The study had a population size of 3152, out of which a sample size of 354 was realised using taro Yamaneâ€™s formula at 5% error tolerance and 95% level of confidence. Instrument used for data collection was primarily questionnaire and interview. Out of 354 copies of the questionnaire that were distributed, 334 copies were returned while 47 were not returned. TheÂ  survey research design was adopted for the study. The hypotheses were tested using Pearson chi-square and simple linear regression statistical tools. The findings indicated that Female career development significantly affects performance of money deposit banks (rÂ  = 0.766; t =Â  13.191; F= 52.361; p < 0.05) . Glass ceiling, Gender inequality and cultural factor are the obstacles of female career development in money deposit banks (X2c =136.379, > X2t =31.419; p,< .05).The study concluded that women world-wide can be seen joining the workforce in large numbers. Women managers globally are described as having to deal with blocked mobility, discrimination and stereotypes..The study recommended that The equality theory should be adopted in any money deposit banks, and gender issues should be a thing of the past, but employee input shouldÂ Â Â  determine their reward system and promotion. In order increase productivity government should empower women and protect their labour rights and the environment through the policies put in place
A STUDY ON THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN PERCEIVED CONSUMER EFFECTIVENESS, ENVIRONMENTAL CONCERN AND GREEN PURCHASE BEHAVIOR OF CONSUMERS AT UNIVERSITY
Authors: DURMAZ Yakup , Ã–ZDEMÄ°R AydÄ±n
Published: August 2018

Developed by the consumersâ€™ realizations about the negative effects they pose for nature, environmental consciousness has gradually turned into a concern. Environmental concern is defined as a parameter trying to identify the consumersâ€™ concerns about the environment that can arise at present and in the future.Perceived consumer effectiveness is peopleâ€™s beliefs in the fact that they can make differences socially while solving problems. In other words, it is the assessment criteria of the consumersâ€™ skills in affecting the problems of environmental resources individually.There are many factors affecting the consumersâ€™ purchase behavior. The changes happening in these variables that affect consumers also have an effect on the consumersâ€™ purchase behavior. Gaining popularity in all around the world in recent years, environmentalist sensitivity, sustainable development, sustainable life and concerns about the future lead to environmental purchase behaviors, and to the firmsâ€™ finding ways of green strategies.Apart from having a lot of criterion affecting purchase behavior, in this study, the effects of the effectiveness of consumers and environmental concern on purchase behavior, regarded as specific to the purchase behavior, is sought to be defined at AdÄ±yaman University Besni Vocational School of Higher Education, chosen as a sample.The study is conducted on 2000 students of AdÄ±yaman University Besni Vocational School of Higher Education. Besides, the sample is conducted on 533 students that are chosen by simple random sampling method and that participated in the study voluntarily.In this study, Alpha Coefficient (Cronbachâ€™s Alpha) is utilized for measuring the reliability of the scale. According to the results of reliability analyses, the coefficient is found as 0,715. Therefore, the internal consistency and reliability of the graphic used in the study can be found satisfying.
Cyber Attack on Saudi Aramco
Authors: Alshathry Sahar
Published: August 2018

Â Saudi Aramco is the largest oil production company in the entire world. It supplies almost almost 1/10th of the oil in the world. The economy of Saudi Arabia is highly dependent on the production of oil.Aramco got attacked by a virusÂ  named Shamoon on 15th August 2012. It was one of the most disrupting cyber-attack that was carried out against the business. Shamoon had spread from the network of the company and it wiped out the hard drives of the computers. The virus infected almost thirty thousand of workstations during the mid of August .The paper will discus the impact of the cyber attack on the oil production on Saudi Aramco. In addition, the analysis and the mechanisms that the attackers used to launch the virus. This research explains how Saudi Aramco recovered form the cyber attack.Â
Relationship between Information System and Information Overload. A Preliminary Analysis
Authors: Caserio Carlo , Trucco Sara
Published: August 2018

The aim of this research is to investigate the role of information system in supporting companies to face with information overload. Specifically, the study provides an empirical analysis aimed to examine whether the quality of information systems is able to abate the negative effects of information overload/underload inside a company. Through a survey we assess the managerial feelings about the information overload (and underload) and the managerial assessment of the Information System (IS) quality. Preliminary empirical findings of our survey confirm, by performing a factor analysis, previous literature and suggest the items to be monitored for assessing the information underload and information overload phenomena and the dimensions to take into account for evaluating the IS quality, namely, information processing capacity, technical equipment and communication. Furthermore, results show that when the information underload increases, the information processing capacity of IS decreases and vice versa. This relation suggests that the IS quality could affect the information overload/underload phenomena.
IT Governance in Enterprise Resource Planning and Business Intelligence Systems Environment: a Conceptual Framework
Authors: Caserio Carlo
Published: August 2018

A large number of studies has been carried out on IT governance during the last decade, with the aim to support companies in implementing IT governance frameworks aligned with the business strategy. However, companies which create value and develop competitive advantage through an intensive use of Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) and Business Intelligence Systems (BIS), should implement an IT governance framework tailored on Critical Success Factors (CSFs) of both systems. To organise the main studies on IT governance frameworks, as well as to support companies in designing (or reviewing) their IT governance framework by considering the CSFs of ERP and BIS, a conceptual framework is introduced and discussed. The insights arising from this study are supported by the literature and suggest that an IT governance framework should be designed by considering the ERP and BIS critical success factors, especially in companies whose success heavily depends on such systems.
Automatic Detection of Irrelevant Comments in an Electronic Meeting
Authors: Aiken Milam , Garner Bart
Published: August 2018

Groups exchanging ideas in electronic meetings often generate irrelevant or off-topic comments that can detract from the conversation. Here, we describe a system that seeks to identify this immaterial text using previously identified keywords. Results of an experiment with the system show that group members believe meetings do have irrelevant comments that waste time, but participants often enjoy them. The system achieved an F measure of 42.3% for recall and precision, and further research is necessary to determine if this is sufficient or what can be done to improve this score.
Relationship Between Investment and Cash Flow Under High and Low Investment Opportunities: Evidence from Pakistani Manufacturing Firms
Authors: Salih Memon Dr Mohammad , Zahid Imtiaz , Shaikh Maria , Bashir Shah Aisha , Khan Akmal , Muhammd Shaikh Dr.Faiz
Published: August 2018

This paper examines the relationship between cash flow and investment under high and low investment opportunities of 167 Pakistani non-financial manufacturing firms listed in the Karachi Stock Exchange during the period 2004-2013. Tobinâ€™s Q is employed to capture the investment opportunities and sales are taken as control variable.  A panel regression model is used to investigate the relationship of cash flow, Tobinâ€™s Q and sales on investment.  In case of high investment opportunities firms, the relationship of investment and cash flow is positive and significant while under low investment opportunities firms, this relationship is also positive but insignificant.  These results indicate that the high opportunities firms rely mostly on internally generated cash flow whereas the low investment opportunities firms prefer to distribute its earnings as dividend.
Econometric Analysis of Investment and Internal Finance under Asymmetric Information: A Case Study of Manufacturing companies of Pakistan
Authors: Salih Memon Dr Mohammad , KHAN AKMAL , Bashir Shah Aisha , Shaikh Maria , Muhammad Shaikh Dr.Faiz
Published: August 2018

The current research investigates Econometric Analysis of Investment and Internal Finance under Asymmetric Information: A Case Study of Manufacturing companies of

Pakistan.  This study also aims to explore the relationship between internal finance and corporate investment outlays of Pakistani manufacturing firms in the presence of asymmetric information in the capital market. The fixed effect model has been employed on a sample of conveniently selected 272 listed manufacturing firms (with 2720 observations) over the period 2001 to 2010. Two different proxies of asymmetric information (i.e. Firm size & age) are used. Based on each of these two measures the sample is split into two subsamples (i.e. Small & large size and young & old firms respectively). Firms with small size and young firms are facing the asymmetric information while the other two subsamples are not considered so. The results based on all of the two measures indicate that there is a statistically significant and positive relationship between investment and internal finance or the cash flows. The investment of those firms where there is asymmetric information (i.e. small size, and young firms) such firms are more sensitive to the changes in their internal finance.
Time Series Analysis of Performance Efficiency of MCB Bank Limited
Authors: Salih Memon Dr Mohammad , Ahmed Bhatti Dr.Nadeem , Mirza Alveena , Shaikh Dr.Najma , Ali Kartio Dr.Munawwar , Muhammad Shaikh Dr.Faiz
Published: August 2018

This research investigates the Time Series Analysis of Performance efficiency  of MCB Bank Limited. Data were collected from Primary as well as secondary sources from management of commercial banks and from SBP officials comprising middle and top management, a closed ended questionnaire.  It was revealed that As stated by the findings, five a considerable length of time Normal proportion about MCB is 81. 20%, which will be higher after that the business Normal. This indicates the execution from claiming MCB will be similarly finer as contrasted with those Normal of UBL, which might have been attempting openly division At as of late privatized. Same time those execution from claiming UBL may be superior At that point ABL which might have been handy in the begin However fair for administration issue Previously, 1999. This demonstrates that UBL need Additionally carried out great its possessions to fill in Be that not finer after that MCB.
Financial impediments in risk management mechanisms of Greek Small and Medium Enterprises
Authors: KARAOULANIS ANDREAS
Published: August 2018

Micro Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) in contemporary Greece have difficulties in overcoming their financial risks via the use of their risk management mechanisms. The main reason for this failure is the presence of several financial impediments which prevent such risk management mechanisms to perform efficiently enough. So, the aim of this research is to unveil these financial impediments while the research question is â€œWhat are the financial impediments that interfere with the Greek SMEsâ€™ risk management mechanisms?â€

 

The method that was used was the survey one by the use of questionnaires which were distributed face to face and by email. The data was analyzed by the use of the Dedoose software following a qualitative approach.

The findings showed that the SMEs that were investigated used only informal and non- sophisticated risk management mechanisms, while the financial impediments that prevented such mechanisms to operate efficiently enough were the general unstable financial and political climate, the capital controls and the SMEsâ€™ limited access to bank financing.

The results of this research can have very important societal implications as they can show to SMEsâ€™ owners the importance of the implementation of the right risk management mechanisms, something which can lead them to sustainable development and to general societal prosperity on the long run.

Keywords Financial impediments, risk management, SMEs, Greece.
EFFECTS OF UNSECURED PERSONAL LOANS ON HOUSEHOLD FINANCIAL HEALTH OF PRIMARY SCHOOL TEACHERS IN EMINING DIVISION, BARINGO COUNTY, KENYA
Authors: Kingwara Robert , Bett Florence , Bosire Mary
Published: August 2018

Credit facilities include both secured and unsecured loans. For employees, unsecured personal loans have become more popular due to the relative ease and speed at which they can be obtained. The study focused on three areas namely: evaluate the effects of school fees loans on household financial health of primary school teachers in Emining division, assess the effects of home improvement loans on household financial health of primary school teachers in Emining division, examine the effects of emergency loans on household financial health of primary school teachers in Emining division and establish the effects of development loans on household financial health of primary school teachers in Emining division. The study used descriptive research design. Purposive sampling was used to obtain a sample of 165 respondents, 5 teachers from each of the thirty-three primary schools, in Emining Division, Baringo. A questionnaire was used to collect primary data from the respondent. Correlation analysis was conducted to test the study hypotheses. Results of the study showed that there is a statistical significant positive relationship between unsecured personal loans and household financial health. In particular, there is a statistical positive association between school fees loans, home loans, emergency loans, development loans and household financial of primary school teachers. The study concludes that unsecured loans contributes to the wellbeing of primary teachers.
Internal Factors Influence on Project Management Maturity Assessment
Authors: Ahmed Muhammad S
Published: August 2018

The study acts as a pilot research to investigate the influence of organizationâ€™s internal dynamics on PMM assessment levels and to outline a methodology that can help us to quantify it. It aims to analyze the influence of organizationsâ€™ internal dynamics on project management maturity, (PMM), assessments and how they can change the assessment results. Specifically, it addresses the impact of internal organizational influences, like organization culture, leadership & leadership hierarchy, and emotional stability on the assessments of organization project management maturity. The methodological research approach for this study was a survey of 129 professionals. These professionals represent both manufacturing and service sectors industries that utilize project management extensively. Data were analyzed using multiple regression models with SPSS data processing results show that organization's internal factors significantly influence project management maturity assessments. The internal forces like organization culture and leadership/ leadership hierarchy significantly increase the PMM levels while emotional stability greatly reduces the PMM levels. These results can help upper management to better understand the PMM assessment results while academics can use it to amend maturity models and for conducting a more extensive longitudinal research.
Innovative destination promotion strategies: The cornerstone of the developing countriesâ€™ struggle towards growth
Authors: YUSUF KHAN , KARAOULANIS ANDREAS
Published: August 2018

Abstract

In this short paper, the authors try to underline the importance of innovation destination promotion strategies for the developing countries of the world. Their importance in peace, prosperity and economic growth is of major importance and can be the foundation upon which developing countries can built their economies and alter in general their economic and social structures in order to overcome their handicapped and become a part of the developed world. This paper aims in create awareness among people not only in the touristic industry but also, academics, politicians, tourists and people who already live in developing countries.

Key words: Tourism, developing countries, promotion, strategies
THE USE OF GROUNDED THEORY TO EVALUATE THE INTERACTIVE EFFECT OF FARMER ENTREPRENEUR AND ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT OF GHANA
Authors: Dodor Ann
Published: August 2018

Widely seen is entrepreneurship being a key to competence which is necessary to build-up a developed economy globally. There is a consistent relationship between economic prosperity and entrepreneurial activities which have been confirmed by numerous studies from different theories perspectives at global level. The purpose of the research is to evaluate the effect of farmer entrepreneur and economic development using qualitative research approach where a score of successful entrepreneurs in all transcripts of interviews were analyzed by using the grounded theory. The results revealed that the farmer entrepreneur increased their competence through knowledge, skills and attitude. The "knowledge" results in the entrepreneur being a strategic planner, managing people and use technology. Skills acquired makes him a goal getter and negotiator.

Finally, he will have a positive attitude toward his work and customers and be proactive and tolerant. These attributes assist the entrepreneur to affect and develop the economy of Ghana.
Energy production and C02 emisson efficiency of eight European countries in the manufacturing area
Authors: Murillo Kelly Patricia , Rocha EugÃ©nio , Pardo Clara InÃ©s
Published: August 2018

An energy efficiency comparison of manufacturing sectors of eight European countries, between 2008-2013, is performed in order to understand how the world economical crisis affected their performance. The analysis rely in a combination of multidirectional efficiency analysis blended with other techniques, as nc-value, principal component analysis mixed with a dimensionality test. The purpose is to analyse three different approaches organized by: (a) a general viewpoint on countries/sectors; (b) sectors and inefficiency input usage; and (c) intensive versus non-intensive energy sectors. We also consider non-normalized and normalized data, by the total number of firms. The results indicate that the great majority of sectors/countries analyzed show a decrease in the CO2 emissions. Since the calculated inefficiency indexes expose the sectors which used inputs in excess, we found that the most efficient sectors were: basic metals; rubber and plastic products, products of wood and cork; textiles, wearing apparel and of leather products; whereas chemical products and food; beverages and tobacco products were the most inefficient sectors. Our approach also give indicators about the way each sector/country was affected by the crisis and how they were able to react or adapt to it.