bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Lévy-type nonlinear stochastic dynamic model, method and analysis
Authors: Ladde Gangarm S. , Seol Youngsoo
Published: December 2018

In this work, we consider a prototype stochastic dynamic model for dynamic processes in biological, chemical, economic, financial, medical, military, physical and technological sciences. The dynamic model is described by Lévy-type nonlinear stochastic differential equation. The model validation is established by the usage of Lyapunov-like function. The basic innovative idea is to transform a nonlinear Lévy-type nonlinear stochastic differential into a simpler stochastic differential equation that is easily tested for the existence and uniqueness theorem. Using the nature of Lyapunov-like function, the existence and uniqueness of solution of the original Lévy-type nonlinear stochastic differential equation is established. The main idea of the proof is based on the property of the one-to-one and onto transformation. As the byproduct of the analysis, it is shown that the closed-form implicit solution of transformed stochastic differential equation is a positive martingale. Furthermore, using the change of measure, a Girsanov-type theorem for Lévy-type nonlinear stochastic dynamic model is established.
Harnack and shift Harnack inequalities for SDEs with integrable drifts
Authors: Huang Xing
Published: December 2018

In this paper, the coupling by change of measure is constructed for a class of SDEs with integrable drift and additive noise, from which the Harnack and shift Harnack inequalities are derived. Finally, as applications, the gradient estimate, the regularity of the heat kernel and the distribution properties of the associated transition probability are also obtained. The important tool is Krylov’s estimate.
Biomedical optical properties of color light and near-infrared fluorescence separated-merged imager
Authors: Zhang Rui , Xue Ya-Zhou , Yang Xiao-Feng
Published: December 2018

Objective: We study the biomedical optical properties of the color light and near-infrared fluorescence separated-merged imager.

Materials and Methods: The color light and near-infrared fluorescence separated-merged imager can illuminate the visible light and the near-infrared light of [Formula: see text][Formula: see text]nm, receiving the reflected light and [Formula: see text][Formula: see text]nm near-infrared fluorescence, and display the color, fluorescence and merge image. ICG solution of different concentration, including standing time, was allocated to study the best imaging condition in vitro, and the depth of fluorescence penetration was studied with 5% agarose gel; the imaging characteristics of the imager was studied using SD rat; and then the SLNs tracing in 4 cases of penile carcinoma was performed.

Results: When the concentration of ICG is 13.11[Formula: see text][Formula: see text]mol/L, the fluorescence intensity and the merge image are the best. The maximum depth of fluorescence imaging is 9[Formula: see text]mm in 5% agarose gel, while the bone has the greatest influence on it. The SLNs tracing shows that the imager can locate the SLNs in vitro, to achieve perioperative navigation during biopsy.

Conclusion: There are many factors that affect the imaging effect, but the imaging effect of the imager meets the requirement of vision in a wide range, and can effectively trace the SLNs in perioperative period.
Preserving log-concavity for p,q-binomial coefficient
Authors: Ahmia Moussa , Belbachir Hacène
Published: December 2018

We study the log-concavity of a sequence of [Formula: see text]-binomial coefficients located on a ray of the [Formula: see text]-Pascal triangle for certain directions, and we establish the preserving log-concavity of linear transformations associated to [Formula: see text]-Pascal triangle.
Checking Admissibility Using Natural Dualities
Authors: Cabrer Leonardo M. , Freisberg Benjamin , Metcalfe George , Priestley Hilary A.
Published: December 2018

This article presents a new method for obtaining small algebras to check the admissibility—equivalently, validity in free algebras—of quasi-identities in a finitely generated quasivariety. Unlike a previous algebraic approach of Metcalfe and Röthlisberger, which is feasible only when the relevant free algebra is not too large, this method exploits natural dualities for quasivarieties to work with structures of smaller cardinality and surjective rather than injective morphisms. A number of case studies are described here that could not be be solved using the algebraic approach, including (quasi)varieties of MS-algebras, double Stone algebras, and involutive Stone algebras.
SQL is no excuse to avoid DevOps
Authors: Limoncelli Thomas A.
Published: December 2018

Automation and a little discipline allow better testing, shorter release cycles, and reduced business risk.
Current Status of Aedes aegypti Insecticide Resistance Development from Banjarmasin, Kalimantan, Indonesia
Authors: Hamid P. H. , Ninditya V. I. , Prastowo J. , Haryanto A. , Taubert A. , Hermosilla C.
Published: December 2018

Aedes aegypti represents the principal vector of many arthropod-borne diseases in tropical areas worldwide. Since mosquito control strategies are mainly based on use of insecticides, resistance development can be expected to occur in frequently exposed Ae. aegypti populations. Surveillance on resistance development as well as testing of insecticide susceptibility is therefore mandatory and needs further attention by national/international public health authorities. In accordance, we here conducted a study on Ae. aegypti resistance development towards several often used insecticides, i.e., malathion, deltamethrin, permethrin, λ-cyhalothrin, bendiocarb, and cyfluthrin, in the periurban area of Banjarmasin city, Kalimantan, Indonesia. Our results clearly showed resistance development of Ae. aegypti populations against tested insecticides. Mortalities of Ae. aegypti were less than 90% with the highest resistance observed against 0.75% permethrin. Collected mosquitoes from Banjarmasin also presented high level of resistance development to 0.1% bendiocarb. Molecular analysis of voltage-gated sodium channel (Vgsc) gene showed significant association of V1016G gene point mutation in resistance Ae. aegypti phenotypes against 0.75% permethrin. However, F1534C gene point mutation did not correlate to Ae. aegypti insecticide resistance to 0.75% permethrin. Irrespective of periurban areas in Kalimantan considered as less densed island of Indonesia, Ae. aegypti-derived resistance to different routinely applied insecticides occurred. Our findings evidence that Ae. aegypti insecticide resistance is most likely spreading into less populated areas and thus needs further surveillance in order to delay Ae. aegypti resistance development.
C-Type Natriuretic Peptide Ameliorates Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Cardiac Dysfunction in Rats with Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension
Authors: Gao Xiaowei , Zhu Maoen , Cao Yanan , Yang Yue , Ye Zhi , Zhang Fan , Guo Qulian , Peng Yonggang , Wang E.
Published: December 2018

Lipopolysaccharide induces rapid deterioration of cardiac function in rats with pulmonary arterial hypertension. It was desired to investigate if this cardiac dysfunction could be treated by C-type natriuretic peptide. Rat pulmonary arterial hypertension was induced by intraperitoneal injection of monocrotaline. Hemodynamics and cardiac function were measured by pressure-volume (P-V) catheter before and after the rats were treated with lipopolysaccharide and C-type natriuretic peptide. Cyclic guanosine 3′,5′-monophosphate (cGMP) level was determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay analysis. After the rats were injected with low-dose lipopolysaccharide, they experienced left ventricle systolic function deterioration. Administration of C-type natriuretic peptide improved hemodynamics and left ventricle systolic function. cGMP level was elevated after C-type natriuretic peptide treatment. C-type natriuretic peptide could ameliorate lipopolysaccharide-induced cardiac dysfunction and restore hemodynamic deterioration in rats with pulmonary arterial hypertension.
Extended GRASP-Capacitated K-Means Clustering Algorithm to Establish Humanitarian Support Centers in Large Regions at Risk in Mexico
Authors: Caballero-Morales Santiago-Omar , Barojas-Payan Erika , Sanchez-Partida Diana , Martinez-Flores Jose-Luis
Published: December 2018

Mexico is located within the so-called Fire Belt which makes it susceptible to earthquakes. In fact, two-thirds of the Mexican territory have a significant seismic risk. On the other hand, the country’s location in the tropical zone makes it susceptible to hurricanes which are generated in both the Pacific and Atlantic Oceans. Due to these situations, each year many communities are affected by diverse natural disasters in Mexico and efficient logistic systems are required to provide prompt support. This work is aimed at providing an efficient metaheuristic to determine the most appropriate location for support centers in the State of Veracruz, which is one of the most affected regions in Mexico. The metaheuristic is based on the K-Means Clustering (KMC) algorithm which is extended to integrate (a) the associated capacity restrictions of the support centers, (b) a micro Genetic Algorithm μGA to estimate a search interval for the most suitable number of support centers, (c) variable number of assigned elements to centers in order to add flexibility to the assignation task, and (d) random-based decision model to further improve the final assignments. These extensions on the KMC algorithm led to the GRASP-Capacitated K-Means Clustering (GRASP-CKMC) algorithm which was able to provide very suitable solutions for the establishment of 260 support centers for 3837 communities at risk in Veracruz, Mexico. Validation of the GRASP-CKMC algorithm was performed with well-known test instances and metaheuristics. The validation supported its suitability as alternative to standard metaheuristics such as Capacitated K-Means (CKM), Genetic Algorithms (GA), and Variable Neighborhood Search (VNS).
The β-Lactamase Gene Profile and a Plasmid-Carrying Multiple Heavy Metal Resistance Genes of Enterobacter cloacae
Authors: Wu Chongyang , Lin Chaoqin , Zhu Xinyi , Liu Hongmao , Zhou Wangxiao , Lu Junwan , Zhu Licheng , Bao Qiyu , Cheng Cong , Hu Yunliang
Published: December 2018

In this work, by high-throughput sequencing, antibiotic resistance genes, including class A (blaCTX-M, blaZ, blaTEM, blaVEB, blaKLUC, and blaSFO), class C (blaSHV, blaDHA, blaMIR, blaAZECL-29, and blaACT), and class D (blaOXA) β-lactamase genes, were identified among the pooled genomic DNA from 212 clinical Enterobacter cloacae isolates. Six blaMIR-positive E. cloacae strains were identified, and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) showed that these strains were not clonally related. The complete genome of the blaMIR-positive strain (Y546) consisted of both a chromosome (4.78 Mb) and a large plasmid pY546 (208.74 kb). The extended-spectrum β-lactamases (ESBLs) (blaSHV-12 and blaCTX-M-9a) and AmpC (blaMIR) were encoded on the chromosome, and the pY546 plasmid contained several clusters of genes conferring resistance to metals, such as copper (pco), arsenic (ars), tellurite (ter), and tetrathionate (ttr), and genes encoding many divalent cation transporter proteins. The comparative genomic analyses of the whole plasmid sequence and of the heavy metal resistance gene-encoding regions revealed that the plasmid sequences of Klebsiella pneumoniae (such as pKPN-332, pKPN-3967, and pKPN-262) shared the highest similarity with those of pY546. It may be concluded that a variety of β-lactamase genes present in E. cloacae which confer resistance to β-lactam antibiotics and the emergence of plasmids carrying heavy metal resistance genes in clinical isolates are alarming and need further surveillance.
Debris Recognition Methods in the Lubrication System with Electrostatic Sensors
Authors: Mao Huijie , Zuo Hongfu , Wang Han , Yin Yibing , Li Xin
Published: December 2018

The oil-line electrostatic sensor (OLS) is a developing debris monitoring sensor. Previous work has shown that electrostatic charge signals can indicate the debris by calculating the Root Mean Square (RMS) value or the correlation-based indicator, but the precision of these methods is not high. This paper further developed the more accurate methods to obtain detailed debris information. Firstly, to interpret the monitoring principle of OLS and provide the guidance for developing the debris recognition methods, this paper analyzed the possible charge sources in the lubrication system and obtained the characteristics of the OLS by establishing its mathematical model. Further, a new OLS test rig was designed and verified the correctness of the sensor’s characteristics and its mathematical model. Based on the characteristics of the sensor, two new debris recognition methods were proposed. Finally, the effects of the new debris recognition methods were verified by the practical industrial gearbox bench test. Results showed that, compared to the traditional methods, the new methods could recognize the debris effectively and provide more detailed information of the debris.
Iterative Learning Control for Nonlinear Weighing and Feeding Process
Authors: An Jianqi , You Fayang , Wu Min , She Jinhua
Published: December 2018

Due to the nonlinear dynamics in weighing and feeding process, it is difficult to achieve high accuracy with conventional control methods. This paper uses a piecewise linearization method for the nonlinear problem and discusses the application of iterative learning control in weighing and feeding process. First, the nonlinear problem and the repeatability are discussed based on dynamic analysis of weighing and feeding process. Next, a linear state space model is established with a piecewise linearization method. Then, an iterative learning controller is presented by utilizing repetitive characteristics, and the controller parameters are obtained by using a multi-objective optimization method. Finally, simulation results show that the presented control method improves the control performances and the accuracy of feeding.
Relationship between Serum Vitamin D Levels and HDL Cholesterol in Postmenopausal Women from Colombian Caribbean
Authors: Sarmiento-Rubiano Luz Adriana , Angarita Ruidiaz José Armando , Suarez Dávila Héctor Fernando , Suarez Rodríguez Alfonso , Rebolledo-Cobos Roberto C. , Becerra Jimmy E.
Published: December 2018

Background. Previous evidence suggests that metabolic disorders in postmenopausal women could be related with low serum vitamin D levels. For example, vitamin D deficiency has been associated with increased risk factors for cardiovascular disease (CVD), mainly those related with metabolic syndrome.Objective. To assess the relationship between the serum vitamin D (25-OH-D) levels and the metabolic syndrome markers in postmenopausal women.Methods. This descriptive and cross-sectional study was conducted in 183 postmenopausal women of four municipalities from Colombian Caribbean. The serum 25-OH-D levels and the anthropometric and biochemical markers were assessed and correlated with metabolic syndrome.Results. The average value of serum vitamin D (25-OH-D) was 26.34 ± 9.08 ng/mL, and 69.95% of the women had vitamin D levels <30 ng/mL, of which 43.72% were with insufficiency (<30 to >20 ng/mL) and 26.23% with deficiency (<20 ng/mL). Of the evaluated women, the 81.42% seemed to have metabolic syndrome. Through the linear regression, one significant positive association was observed between the HDL cholesterol and the 25-OH-D levels (P=0.014).Conclusion. In the evaluated population in this study, vitamin D deficiency is related with low HDL cholesterol levels.
Platelet-Dense Granules Worsen Pre-Infection Thrombocytopenia during Gram-Negative Pneumonia-Derived Sepsis
Authors: Claushuis Theodora A.M. , de Vos Alex F. , Roelofs Joris J.T.H. , de Boer Onno J. , van ’t Veer Cornelis , van der Poll Tom
Published: December 2018

Platelet-dense (δ) granules are important for platelet function. Platelets contribute to host defense and vascular integrity during pneumonia and sepsis, and δ granule products, including adenosine diphosphate (ADP), can influence inflammatory responses. We therefore aimed to study the role of platelet δ granules in the host response during sepsis. Hermansky-Pudlak syndrome (Hps)3coa mice (with reduced δ granule content), mice treated with the platelet ADP receptor inhibitor clopidogrel, and appropriate control mice were infected with the human sepsis pathogen Klebsiella pneumoniae via the airways to induce pneumonia and sepsis. In order to override potential redundancy in platelet functions, we also studied Hps3coa and control mice with moderate antibody-induced thrombocytopenia (10%) prior to infection. We found that sepsis-induced thrombocytopenia tended to be less severe in Hps3coa mice, and was significantly ameliorated in Hps3coa mice with low pre-infection platelet counts. Bacterial growth was similar in Hps3coa and control mice in the presence of normal platelet counts prior to infection, but lower in the lungs of Hps3coa mice with low pre-infection platelet counts. Hps3coa mice had unaltered lung pathology and distant organ injury during pneumosepsis, irrespective of pre-infection platelet counts; lung bleeding did not differ between Hps3coa and control mice. Clopidogrel did not influence any host response parameter. These data suggest that platelet δ granules can play a detrimental role in pneumosepsis by aggravating thrombocytopenia and impairing local antibacterial defense, but that these unfavorable effects only become apparent in the presence of low platelet counts.
Two Late Recurrences of Conjunctival Melanoma
Authors: Brouwer Niels J. , Genders Stijn W. , Marinkovic Marina , van Duinen Sjoerd G. , Jager Martine J. , Luyten Gré P.M.
Published: December 2018

Purpose: To report a patient who developed two late recurrences of conjunctival melanoma (CoM), of which one occurred after orbital exenteration. Methods: We describe the case of a patient based on clinical and histopathological examination. Results: A 52-year-old patient was treated with local excision and cryotherapy for a CoM with primary acquired melanosis (PAM) near the limbus of the right eye. Twenty-one years later, a recurrence developed in the superior fornix of the same eye in an area with widespread PAM; an orbital exenteration was performed. After another 4 years, a painful nodule developed subcutaneously at the inferior margin of the right orbital socket. Pathology showed a recurrence of CoM with a BRAF V600K mutation, similar to both of the previous lesions (of 25 and 4 years earlier). The nodule was excised without additional therapy. No recurrences or metastases have been observed in the next 2.5 years. The proposed mechanism for the recurrence after surgery could be via dormant tumor cells that have spread prior to the procedure or via residual intraepithelial malignant melanocytes. Conclusion: Very late recurrences of CoM are rare but may occur. Our case illustrates the need for long-term awareness of doctors and patients, even after extensive surgical procedures such as orbital exenteration.
Elevated Levels of Urinary Extracellular Vesicle Fibroblast-Specific Protein 1 in Patients with Active Crescentic Glomerulonephritis
Authors: Morikawa Yukie , Takahashi Naoki , Kamiyama Kazuko , Nishimori Kazuhisa , Nishikawa Yudai , Morita Sayu , Kobayashi Mamiko , Fukushima Sachiko , Yokoi Seiji , Mikami Daisuke , Kimura Hideki , Kasuno Kenji , Yashiki Tetsuya , Naiki Hironobu , Hara Masanori , Iwano Masayuki
Published: December 2018

Background/Aims: Extracellular vesicles (EVs), including exosomes, are present in various bodily fluids, including urine. We and others previously reported that cells expressing fibroblast-specific protein 1 (FSP1) accumulate within damaged glomeruli, and that urinary FSP1, as well as urinary soluble CD163, could potentially serve as a biomarker of ongoing glomerular injury. Methods: To test that idea, we collected urine samples from 37 patients with glomerular disease; purified the urinary EVs; characterized them using Nanosight, western blotting, and immunoelectron microscopy; and determined FSP1 and soluble CD163 levels using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. Results: Deemed to be mainly exosomes based on their size distribution, the EVs in urine contained FSP1, and a portion of the FSP1-positive vesicles was also positive for podocalyxin. FSP1 levels in urinary EVs were (1) positively correlated with rates of biopsy-proven cellular crescent formation (r = 0.562, p < 0.001) and total crescent formation (r = 0.448, p = 0.005) among total glomeruli; (2) significantly higher in patients with cellular crescents affecting 20% or more of their glomeruli than in those with fewer affected glomeruli (p = 0.003); and (3) significantly decreased after glucocorticoid and immunosuppressant therapy (p < 0.05). A positive correlation between FSP1 levels in urinary EVs and urinary soluble CD163 levels was confirmed (r = 0.367, p < 0.05). Conclusion: These data suggest that a portion of urinary FSP1 is secreted as EVs originating from podocytes, and that FSP1 levels reflect active and ongoing glomerular injury and disease activity, such as cellular crescent formation.
Apresentação do Dossiê Mulheres, arquivos e memórias
Authors: Simioni Ana Paula Cavalcanti , Eleutério Maria de Lourdes
Published: December 2018

Apresentação do Dossiê Mulheres, arquivos e memórias
Lead and Juvenile Delinquency: New Evidence from Linked Birth, School, and Juvenile Detention Records
Authors: Aizer Anna , Currie Janet
Published: December 2018

Using a unique data set linking preschool blood lead levels, birth, school, and detention records for 125,000 children born between 1990 and 2004 in Rhode Island, we estimate the impact of lead on school suspension and juvenile detention. Sibling fixed-effect models suggest that omitted variables related to family disadvantage do not bias OLS estimates. However, measurement error does. We use IV methods that exploit local (within-neighborhood), variation in lead exposure deriving from road proximity and the deleading of gasoline. For boys, a 1 unit increase in lead increased the probability of suspension from school by 6% and detention by 57%.
Revision of the genus Austrogastrura Thibaud & Palacios-Vargas, 1999 (Collembola: Poduromorpha: Hypogastruridae)
Authors: FERNANDES LILIANE HENRIQUES , BELLINI BRUNO CAVALCANTE , DE MENDONÇA MARIA CLEIDE
Published: December 2018

A study of type material of Austrogastrura travassosi (Arlé, 1939) and fresh specimens of the genus from several Brazilian regions revealed that the present interpretation of the species is not correct. In this paper we redescribe the type-species of the genus Austrogastrura, A. travassosi, and described a new one, A. marambaia sp. nov. Both species share a remarkable bright orange color pattern of alive specimens. The revision of A. travassosi also showed that A. edaphica (Rapoport, 1962) is a valid species. A complete diagnosis of the genus Austrogastrura and a comparative table of the known species are also given. At the present time, Austrogastrura has only four known species, two of them recorded from Brazil.
Record of the deep sea shrimp Pasiphaea alcocki (Wood-Mason & Alcock, 1891) (Crustacea: Decapoda: Pasiphaeidae) from the southwestern coast of India
Authors: KUBERAN G. , CHAKRABORTY REKHA DEVI , PURUSHOTHAMAN P. , MAHESWARUDU G.
Published: December 2018

The present study provides a report on the rare occurrence of the deep sea caridean shrimp Pasiphaea alcocki (Wood-Mason & Alcock, 1891) from the southwest coast of India after three decades. Earlier this species was recorded from Indian waters at a depth range between 335 and 1732 m while the present specimens were obtained in the depth range of 200-300m from the commercial bottom trawlers operated off Sakthikulangara fishing harbour (8°56'60.78"N /76°32'34.27"E) off (8°56'60.78"N /76°32'34.27"E), Kerala from the southern region of Arabian Sea, India. The level of interspecies genetic divergence using COI and 16S DNA sequences of Pasiphaea sp from the United States, National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) were observed. The present study reports the record of Pasiphaea alcocki with a morphological description along with DNA barcoding and supplements the existing knowledge on this deep sea shrimp from the southwest coast of India, which is mandatory to understand the role of this species in ecosystem functioning.
Party System Institutionalization and Pernicious Polarization in Bangladesh
Authors: Rahman Tahmina
Published: December 2018

This article traces the development of political polarization in Bangladesh since its 1971 war of independence. I show how polarization is elite-driven, hinging mostly on competing views of the foundation myth of the nation. One major political bloc has emerged that ties national identity tightly to religion (Islam), where the other bloc prefers a national identity tied to ethnicity and use of the Bengali language. I show how an underdeveloped party system has contributed to the resulting political and societal polarization that stems from this ideological divide, which was created by elites as they attempted to consolidate party power. Further, I make a case that the activities of the International Crimes Tribunal (ICT)—established in 2010 to prosecute those who aided the Pakistani army in committing war crimes during the 1971 war—actually increased polarization and made it pernicious. Instead of healing the nation, the ICT exacerbated old political cleavages and instigated violence and social tension, making Bangladesh’s young democracy more unstable and careening.
Developing Buyer-Seller Relationships
Authors: Dwyer F. Robert , Schurr Paul H. , Oh Sejo
Published: December 2018

Marketing theory and practice have focused persistently on exchange between buyers and sellers. Unfortunately, most of the research and too many of the marketing strategies treat buyer-seller exchanges as discrete events, not as ongoing relationships. The authors describe a framework for developing buyer-seller relationships that affords a vantage point for formulating marketing strategy and for stimulating new research directions.
Predictability and Personalization in the Service Encounter
Authors: Surprenant Carol F. , Solomon Michael R.
Published: December 2018

Service marketers are confronted with two conflicting goals when designing service delivery systems, efficiency and personalization. The relative importance of each factor is determined by the nature of the specific service to be rendered, and by participants’ expectations about degree of personalization. A study was conducted to test two assertions: (1) service personalization is a multidimensional construct and (2) all forms of personalization do not necessarily result in greater consumer satisfaction with the service offering. Three types of personalization strategies were proposed and operationalized in a simulated banking setting. Evaluations of service encounters that differed in the degree and type of personalization employed indicate that personalization is not a unitary phenomenon and must be approached carefully in the context of service design.
Marketing's Role in the Implementation of Business Strategies: A Critical Review and Conceptual Framework
Authors: Walker Orville C. , Ruekert Robert W.
Published: December 2018

The authors review and integrate various theoretical perspectives, normative statements, and pieces of empirical evidence about the organizational structures and processes best suited for implementing different types of business strategies. Particular emphasis is given to the relationship of different types of structure, processes, and policies involved in the performance of marketing activities to the overall performance of different business strategies. Several specific research propositions are developed.
The Marketing Budgeting Process: Marketing Management Implications
Authors: Piercy Nigel F.
Published: December 2018

Most examinations of marketing and advertising budgeting concentrate on techniques ranging from arbitrary “rules of thumb” to complex management science models. The author suggests greater insight is obtained through a focus on the process of marketing budgeting. The processual variables identified in the article provide a framework for managing marketing budgeting that is much more insightful than the simple prescription of budgeting techniques. This insight arises from the source of such processual variables, as they are grounded in the task environment for marketing budgeting. The goal is to develop a conceptual framework for managing marketing budgeting that goes beyond technique to process and structure. This framework can be extended toward an organizational model of marketing budgeting. The argument is illustrated with the findings of a study of U.K. manufacturing firms.
Psychographics: A Critical Review
Authors: Wells William D.
Published: December 2018

This article presents case histories of five somewhat different uses of psychographic research, and it critically reviews the status of research in this field.
Measuring Correlation in Ordered Two-Way Contingency Tables
Authors: Olsson Ulf
Published: December 2018

The product moment correlation coefficient is often used even for ordinal data with only a few scale steps. This procedure may lead to biased results, where the bias depends on the number of scale steps and on the skewnesses of the observed variables. The polychoric correlation coefficient, which is a generalization of the tetrachoric correlation to the general case, is discussed as a possible measure of correlation for this kind of data.
The Lead Effect of Marketing Decisions
Authors: Doyle Peter , Saunders John
Published: December 2018

The extensive literature on the dynamic effects of marketing instruments has concentrated solely on lagged effects. However, lead effects, caused by the anticipations of consumers and other economic agents, are also important. The authors show how ignoring these effects results in an overestimate of the elasticity and profitability of common methods of sales promotion. They propose a more general approach to the specification and estimation of dynamic response functions.
Manufacturer Trade Deals and Retail Price Promotions
Authors: Lal Rajiv
Published: December 2018

The author examines the phenomenon of manufacturer trade deals described as off-invoice and/or bill-backs in markets for frequently purchased consumer goods. The analysis affords a new explanation for why offering such deals may be in the best interest of manufacturers. It also provides some evidence to test the validity of the proposed theory. Though the power of the empirical tests is not strong, the results give encouragement for further data collection and more rigorous testing of the theory.
Consumer Price and Promotion Expectations: An Experimental Study
Authors: Kalwani Manohar U. , Yim Chi Kin
Published: December 2018

The authors report results from a controlled experiment designed to investigate the impact of a brand's price promotion frequency and the depth of promotional price discounts on the price consumers expect to pay for that brand. A key feature of the work is that expected prices elicited directly from respondents in the experiment are used in the analysis, as opposed to the latent or surrogate measures of expected prices used in previous studies. As hypothesized, both the promotion frequency and the depth of price discounts are found to have a significant impact on price expectations. Evidence also supports a region of relative price insensitivity around the expected price, such that only price changes outside that region have a significant impact on consumer brand choice. Further, the authors find that consumer expectations of both price and promotional activities should be considered in explaining consumer brand choice behavior. Specifically, the presence of a promotional deal when one is not expected or the absence of a promotional deal when one is expected may have a significant impact on consumer brand choice. Finally, as in the case of price expectations, consumer response to promotion expectations is found to be asymmetric in that losses loom larger than gains.
Antecedents of the Attraction Effect: An Information-Processing Approach
Authors: Mishra Sanjay , Umesh U. N. , Stem Donald E.
Published: December 2018

Many researchers have demonstrated the existence of an attraction effect that increases the choice probability of an existing “target” brand by the introduction of a relatively inferior “decoy” brand. This study develops a causal model that links antecedent variables with the attraction effect. We find that the attraction effect is explained to a considerable extent by changes in the following seven variables: (1) information relevance or stimulus meaningfulness, (2) product class knowledge, (3) task involvement, (4) perceived similarity between decoy and target, (5) relative brand preference, (6) share captured by decoy brand, and (7) perceived decoy popularity. The overall results were consistent across product classes studied, which included beer, cars, and TV sets. The popularity explanation for attraction effect, alluded to by Huber, Payne, and Puto (1982), was tested and found to hold true.
Behavioral and Psychological Consequences of Boundary Spanning Burnout for Customer Service Representatives
Authors: Singh Jagdip , Goolsby Jerry R. , Rhoads Gary K.
Published: December 2018

Marketing boundary spanners—especially customer service representatives—are notably susceptible to burnout. The authors define the burnout construct and develop hypotheses to examine if burnout acts as a partial mediator between role stressors and key behavioral and psychological job outcomes. Responses from 377 customer service representatives reveal that burnout levels are high relative to other burnout-prone occupations (e.g., police, nursing) and that burnout has consistent, significant, and dysfunctional effects on their behavioral and psychological outcomes. Moreover, burnout mediates the negative effects of role stressors on job outcomes, whereas the positive effects of role stressors are unmediated.
Studying Consideration Effects in Empirical Choice Models Using Scanner Panel Data
Authors: Andrews Rick L. , Srinivasan T.C.
Published: December 2018

The authors develop a dynamic consideration set formation model, complementary to the static model developed by Roberts and Lattin (1991). The model does not require direct consumer reports of consideration and therefore can be applied to scanner data. Explicitly incorporating consideration effects appears to improve the multinomial logit model significantly.
Advantages of Time-Based New Product Development in a Fast-Cycle Industry
Authors: Datar Srikant , Jordan C. Clark , Kekre Sunder , Rajiv Surendra , Srinivasan Kannan
Published: December 2018

The authors study the impact of time-based product development on sustainable market share gains in a high-technology computer component industry. Three dominant firms, with international new product development and manufacturing facilities, have introduced more than 200 new products into this fast-cycle market in a five-year period. The authors systematically examine the leads and lags at critical stages of the product development process: concept generation, prototype completion, and volume production. Their main finding is that lead-time advantage affects market share positively, albeit differentially, at each stage. The benefit of lead-time gain is greatest at the volume production stage, followed by the concept generation stage. The authors also develop a new notion of lead-time threshold—a time period in which if a competitor catches up, no market share gain is achieved by the firm that introduces the product first. They endogenously estimate the magnitude of the threshold for each stage of the product development process, observing that a significant threshold is present at both the concept generation and volume production stages. Finally, the structure of the development process, which differs across the firms in the market, affords significant differential ability to catch up with competitors.
Investigating Purchase Timing Behavior in Two Related Product Categories
Authors: Chintagunta Pradeep K. , Haldar Sudeep
Published: December 2018

The authors’ objective is to investigate the purchase timing behavior of households in two product categories for which the decision of a household to make a purchase in one category at a given point in time influences purchase in the other category. Interdependence in purchase timing between the two categories is modeled using a bivariate hazard function approach that accounts for unobserved heterogeneity. The authors provide empirical results from five durable and nondurable goods product category pairs—pasta and pasta sauce, liquid and powder detergents, clothes washers and dryers, soup and yogurt, and room air conditioners and dishwashers. The latter two categories are included in the analysis to ensure that the model can distinguish between true and spurious dependence caused by categories being purchased together. The authors find that the estimated cross-category correlation parameter obtained from the bivariate hazard model is consistent with prior expectations in each of the product categories. As in the literature on univariate hazard models, the authors find the bivariate hazard functions to be nonmonotonic in nature. Using the proposed model, the impact of price reductions in one category on the purchase probabilities in both categories is examined using the pasta/pasta sauce product pair. Given the positive relationship in the purchasing in these two categories, the authors find that a price cut in one category increases the purchase probabilities of both pasta and pasta sauce.
The Contingency Value of Complementary Capabilities in Product Development
Authors: Moorman Christine , Slotegraaf Rebecca J.
Published: December 2018

Current interdisciplinary research suggests that organizational capabilities have a direct, unconditional impact on firm performance. The authors extend this literature by developing a framework that proposes a contingency approach to the value of organizational capabilities. This framework highlights the effect of information in the external environment in stimulating firms to deploy their technology and marketing capabilities to influence the level and speed of relevant product development activities. Using a longitudinal quasiexperiment to isolate the effects of external information on the relationship between firm capabilities and product development outcomes, the authors obtain results that are consistent with this framework. The authors therefore conclude that the most valuable characteristic of firm capabilities may be their ability to serve as flexible strategic options. In this role, firms can deploy them in ways consistent with environmental forces.
Bereaved Family Members’ Views of the Value of Coronial Inquests Into Fatal Work Incidents
Authors: Ngo Mark , Matthews Lynda R. , Quinlan Michael , Bohle Philip
Published: December 2018

Fatal work incidents result in an array of government responses, and in countries such as the United Kingdom and Australia, this may include the holding of coronial inquests. A common theme from the scant literature is that family members have a strong need to know how and why their loved one died. The inquisitorial nature of inquests suggests potential in uncovering this information, although little is known about families’ experiences with these proceedings. Interviews with 40 bereaved relatives explored their views and experiences of inquests. Findings suggest that families, often frustrated with other investigative processes, want inquests to provide a better understanding of how and why the death occurred, uncover any failings/responsibilities, and thereby move closer to a sense of justice being obtained for the deceased. Families identified problems perceived to impair the process and where improvements could be made to secure a more effective and meaningful institutional response to the fatality.
The Mediating Role of the Dark Triad Between Life History Strategy and Perceived Stress Factors
Authors: Birkás Béla , Pátkai Gabriella , Csathó Árpád
Published: December 2018

Life History Theory posits early-life adversities affect personality development partway through sensitizing individuals to certain environmental cues, thus influencing the person’s responses to different stressors. We therefore hypothesized that life history strategy affects perceived distress and self-efficiency in coping through certain personality traits. The concept of the Dark Triad describes specific forms of personalities found to be associated with faster life strategies and perceived stress. Hence, the aim of our study was to examine the possible mediator role of the Dark Triad traits on the relationship between life strategies and perceived stress. A sample of 432 (133 males) under- and postgraduate students (aged between 18 and 34 years, M= 23.4, SD = 3.9) answered the Short-Form of the Arizona Life History Battery, the Mini-K, the Perceived Stress Scale, and the Short Dark Triad. Multiple linear regression and subsequent mediation analyses showed significant mediation effects of Dark Triad traits on both perceived distress and perceived coping. Our results indicate that these personality traits are part of the process in which faster life strategies predict higher level of perceived stress and lower levels of coping ability.
Big data and the Facebook scandal: Issues and responses
Authors: Fuller Michael
Published: December 2018

The recent scandal over the appropriation of users’ data from the Facebook platform serves to surface wider concerns about ‘big data’, relating inter alia to the ways in which personal data are obtained, stored and used for commercial purposes. This article outlines some of the issues involved, and sketches some of the ways in which theologically inspired reflection and action might begin to address those issues.
Testing Assumptions of the Categorization Approach to Studying Sports Participation and Alcohol Use
Authors: Clarke Paige , Dodge Tonya , Marzell Miesha , Turrisi Rob , Williams Kevin
Published: December 2018

The present study tested whether playing football or lacrosse in high school is associated with more problematic alcohol use during college compared with playing other sports in high school. A sample of undergraduate males ( n = 2,940) in their freshmen year who had played sports in high school completed a web-based questionnaire. Results showed that males who played lacrosse or both football and lacrosse in high school engaged in heavier alcohol use in college than males who played football or other sports in high school. In addition, males who played football in high school engaged in heavier alcohol use in college than males who played other high school sports. Thus, not all high school sports place males at equal risk for heavy alcohol use in college.
Effectiveness of Diabetes Self-Management Education Programs for US Latinos at Improving Emotional Distress: A Systematic Review
Authors: Gutierrez Angela P. , Fortmann Addie L. , Savin Kimberly , Clark Taylor L. , Gallo Linda C.
Published: December 2018

Purpose

This systematic review examined whether diabetes self-management education (DSME) interventions for US Latino adults improve general emotional distress (eg, depression symptoms) and/or health-specific emotional distress (eg, diabetes distress). The topic is important given the high prevalence of type 2 diabetes (T2DM), concomitant distress, and worse health outcomes among Latinos and considering the barriers that distress poses for effective diabetes self-management.

Methods

Following PRISMA guidelines, a search of the online databases PsycINFO, CINAHL, PubMed, and CENTRAL was conducted from database inception through April 2018. A comprehensive search strategy identified trials testing DSME interventions for US Latinos with T2DM that reported on changes in general or health-specific emotional distress. Risk of bias was assessed using the EPHPP Quality Assessment Tool. Raw mean differences ( D) and effect sizes ( d) were computed where possible.

Results

Fifteen studies were included in the review. Six of 8 studies that examined depression symptoms reported significant symptom reduction. Of 10 studies that examined health-specific emotional distress, 6 reported significant symptom reduction. Effect sizes ranged from −0.20 to –3.85. Null findings were more readily found among studies with very small sample sizes (n < 30) and studies testing interventions without specific psychosocial content, with little cultural tailoring, with less frequent intervention sessions, and with support sessions lacking concurrent diabetes education. Most studies (11) received a weak rating of evidence quality.

Conclusions

There is an absence of strong evidence to support that DSME programs tailored for Latino adults with T2DM are beneficial for improving emotional distress. Methodologically robust studies are needed.
Advancing children’s news media literacy: learning from the practices and experiences of young Australians
Authors: Notley Tanya , Dezuanni Michael
Published: December 2018

Social media use has redefined the production, experience and consumption of news media. These changes have made verifying and trusting news content more complicated and this has led to a number of recent flashpoints for claims and counter-claims of ‘fake news’ at critical moments during elections, natural disasters and acts of terrorism. Concerns regarding the actual and potential social impact of fake news led us to carry out the first nationally representative survey of young Australians’ news practices and experiences. Our analysis finds that while social media is one of young people’s preferred sources of news, they are not confident about spotting fake news online and many rarely or never check the source of news stories. Our findings raise important questions regarding the need for news media literacy education – both in schools and in the home. Therefore, we consider the historical development of news media literacy education and critique the relevance of dominant frameworks and pedagogies currently in use. We find that news media has become neglected in media literacy education in Australia over the past three decades, and we propose that current media literacy frameworks and pedagogies in use need to be rethought for the digital age.