bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Embalagens de Leite Condensado: prospecção e evolução tecnológica de inovações em embalagens para alimentos tomando como referência o produto leite condensado
Authors: Queiroz Édva Janaína Silva Noberto de , Lima Luiz André da Silva , Carvalho Sandra Helena Vieira de , Uchoa Silvia Beatriz Beger
Published: June 2022

A embalagem é um importante item utilizado na indústria de alimentos e é responsável pela apresentação e durabilidade do produto. Devido ao crescimento das indústrias e à diversidade de novos produtos alimentícios, inovações nas embalagens são constantes. Diante disso, o presente trabalho apresenta um embasamento teórico e uma prospecção tecnológica relacionada aos tipos de embalagem e de tecnologias correlatas. Foi possível perceber o crescimento do número de famílias de patentes para países como China, Japão, Organização Europeia de Patentes e Estados Unidos. Esse quantitativo indica os esforços inovativos que têm sido realizados por diferentes países, atestando a preocupação com a conservação e a inovação dos referidos produtos. Observa-se a importância da inovação para garantir a posição de destaque no mercado para ampliar o seu prazo de validade (shelf life), de forma a viabilizar a sua distribuição, o tempo de prateleira (armazenamento), o consumo e a identificação de novos tipos de embalagens, com características biodegradáveis, facilidade de reciclagem, isentas de componentes tóxicos, e que sejam de baixo custo de produção e versáteis no seu uso.
Perfil da Mulher Microempreendedora de Roraima – Confrontando a Desigualdade de Gênero
Authors: Silva Natalia Vieira da , Machado Ana Carolina Lucena , Pucca Manuela Berto
Published: June 2022

Tendo em vista a grande influência do gênero no contexto do empreendedorismo brasileiro, a maioria das mulheres empreendedoras ainda vivência discriminação, sem contar o grande desafio de buscar o equilíbrio entre suas escolhas profissionais e as demandas pessoais (família). Incentivar o empreendedorismo e a geração de renda deve ser meta para o alcance do desenvolvimento social e econômico e para o estabelecimento do Estado democrático de direito. Diante do exposto, é premente realizar estudos acerca do assunto, especialmente em um país com as dimensões continentais do Brasil. Assim, este estudo versa sobre mulheres microempreendedoras em Boa Vista – RR, tendo como objetivo realizar um estudo transversal explanatório e descritivo de mulheres microempreendedoras individuais (MEIs) de Boa Vista – RR. O levantamento de dados realizado por meio de pesquisa quantitativa e qualitativa visa a contribuir para a análise e a verificação de situações conflituosas, como conflitos entre demandas familiares e profissionais e conflitos entre demandas do trabalho e pessoais. Por fim, este estudo traçou o perfil da mulher microempreendedora do Estado do Extremo Norte do Brasil – RR.
Indicações Geográficas: um levantamento dos registros concedidos e em andamento junto ao Instituto Nacional da Propriedade Industrial (1999-2021)
Authors: Dias Françoan de Oliveira , Zau Mafra Rosana
Published: June 2022

O marco legal das Indicações Geográficas (IGs) no Brasil se deu pela promulgação da Lei n. 9.279/96, que regula os direitos e as obrigações sobre propriedade industrial e intelectual no país. Nesse cenário, a finalidade do estudo foi realizar o levantamento das IGs, nas modalidades Indicação de Procedência (IP) e Denominação de Origem (DO), registradas e os pedidos em andamento junto ao Instituto Nacional da Propriedade Industrial (IMPI), no período compreendido de 1999 a 2021. É uma pesquisa bibliográfica e exploratória, na qual se realizou levantamento dos pedidos de IG no Brasil, analisando-as por regiões brasileiras e por Unidades Federativas. Os resultados apontam que, dos 26 estados mais o Distrito Federal, contabilizou-se 97 registros de IGs até o ano de 2021, dos quais 68 são IPs, todas nacionais, e 29 são DOs, das quais nove são estrangeiras. Por fim, quanto às solicitações de registro, quase 80% são para o reconhecimento de IPs.
Editorial
Authors: Ribeiro Núbia Moura
Published: June 2022

Editorial
Após cerca de 24 meses de pandemia do novo coronavírus, causador da COVID-19, toda a humanidade foi colocada diante de diversas reflexões e uma delas nos levou a reconhecer ainda mais o papel da ciência para a manutenção e o desenvolvimento da vida humana. Nesses tempo, o conhecimento e a pesquisa científica, numa velocidade imposta pela necessidade de respostas para a crise pandêmica que se estabeleceu no mundo, permitiram ser conhecido o comportamento do vírus e promoveram testes e avanços no combate aos problemas causados pelo vírus no organismo humano, que puderam reconhecer as mutações pelas quais o vírus passou e, assim, foram desenvolvidas vacinas, que pouco a pouco têm proporcionado o restabelecimento de um “novo normal” para a vida cotidiana. Desse modo, com uma clareza que tempos difíceis revelam, o papel da ciência ficou mais importante ainda para uma grande parcela da humanidade.
Mas a ciência não é feita apenas de grandes marcos, com os resultados alcançados no combate à COVID-19, é possível perceber que a ciência é construída por meio do esforço de inúmeros pesquisadores, com contribuições de diversos graus de relevância, que, no conjunto, podem significar avanços consideráveis.
Plenamente alinhada com o papel que a ciência tem na sociedade, a Revista Cadernos de Prospecção vem mantendo, desde 2008, o compromisso de divulgar o conhecimento científico e tecnológico, com a proposta de ser também um fórum internacional para a identificação de oportunidades de inovação tecnológica.
Fiel a esse compromisso, este mais recente número da Cadernos de Prospecção, correspondente ao volume 15 e número 2, relativo aos meses de abril a junho de 2022, é apresentado aos leitores. Esta edição conta com artigos de 60 autores, filiados às 17 instituições que estão localizadas em 10 estados, nas cinco regiões do Brasil, e uma delas na Irlanda. Esta, como todas as demais edições da Revista, é fruto do esforço de pesquisadores na produção e na difusão do conhecimento científico e tecnológico e da colaboração voluntária de editores e de revisores, aos quais, juntamente com a equipe de apoio administrativo, expressamos nossos sinceros agradecimentos.
Boa leitura a todos!
Núbia Moura RibeiroPresidente do Comitê Editoria do PROFNITDoutora em QuímicaDocente Titular do Instituto Federal da Ba
INTERAÇÃO DIALÓGICA ENTRE A COMPETÊNCIA EM INFORMAÇÃO E AS CIÊNCIAS DA ASSESSORIA
Authors: Do Amaral Oliveira Gardin Daniela
Published: June 2022

Esta investigação tem como tema a interlocução dialógica, as similaridades, as aproximações e as convergências interdisciplinares das Ciências da Assessoria e da Competência em Informação em benefício da formação superior em Secretariado Executivo. Teve como objetivo identificar as contribuições que as quatro dimensões da Competência em Informação, em convergência com os quatro eixos das Ciências da Assessoria, podem produzir nos currículos do Curso de Secretariado Executivo Universidade Estadual do Centro-Oeste (Unicentro). A metodologia utilizou abordagem qualitativa e caracterizou-se como uma pesquisa básica sob o ponto de vista de sua natureza. Já sob a perspectiva metodológica dos objetivos tipificou-se como um estudo descritivo. Os procedimentos técnicos utilizados foram a pesquisa bibliográfica e a documental. Como resultados, observou-se que a aplicação dos pressupostos das dimensões da Competência em Informação pode contribuir além da atualização dos currículos, mas também na construção de uma nova realidade social, bem como no incremento da formação dos profissionais dessas áreas como gestores da informação e do conhecimento no âmbito da atuação secretarial. Por fim, os estudos também permitiram fazer eco frente à multiplicação de mais possibilidades interdisciplinares, transdisciplinares e transversais de duas ciências importantes para os profissionais da Sociedade da Informação e do Conhecimento.
2022 American College of Rheumatology/American Association of Hip and Knee Surgeons Guideline for the Perioperative Management of Antirheumatic Medication in Patients With Rheumatic Diseases Undergoing Elective Total Hip or Total Knee Arthroplasty
Authors: Goodman Susan M. , Springer Bryan D. , Chen Antonia F. , Davis Marshall , Fernandez David R. , Figgie Mark , Finlayson Heather , George Michael D. , Giles Jon T. , Gilliland Jeremy , Klatt Brian , MacKenzie Ronald , Michaud Kaleb , Miller Andy , Russell Linda , Sah Alexander , Abdel Matthew P. , Johnson Beverly , Mandl Lisa A. , Sculco Peter , Turgunbaev Marat , Turner Amy S. , Yates Adolph , Singh Jasvinder A.
Published: June 2022

Objective

To develop updated guidelines for the perioperative management of disease‐modifying medications for patients with rheumatic diseases, specifically those with inflammatory arthritis (IA) and those with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), undergoing elective total hip arthroplasty (THA) or elective total knee arthroplasty (TKA).

Methods

We convened a panel of rheumatologists, orthopedic surgeons, and infectious disease specialists, updated the systematic literature review, and included currently available medications for the clinically relevant population, intervention, comparator, and outcomes (PICO) questions. We used the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) methodology to rate the quality of evidence and the strength of recommendations using a group consensus process.

Results

This guideline updates the 2017 recommendations for perioperative use of disease‐modifying antirheumatic therapy, including traditional disease‐modifying antirheumatic drugs, biologic agents, targeted synthetic small‐molecule drugs, and glucocorticoids used for adults with rheumatic diseases, specifically for the treatment of patients with IA, including rheumatoid arthritis and spondyloarthritis, those with juvenile idiopathic arthritis, or those with SLE who are undergoing elective THA or TKA. It updates recommendations regarding when to continue, when to withhold, and when to restart these medications and the optimal perioperative dosing of glucocorticoids.

Conclusion

This updated guideline includes recently introduced immunosuppressive medications to help decision‐making by clinicians and patients regarding perioperative disease‐modifying medication management for patients with IA and SLE at the time of elective THA or TKA.
Achieving 19% Power Conversion Efficiency in Planar‐Mixed Heterojunction Organic Solar Cells Using a Pseudosymmetric Electron Acceptor
Authors: Gao Wei , Qi Feng , Peng Zhengxing , Lin Francis R. , Jiang Kui , Zhong Cheng , Kaminsky Werner , Guan Zhiqiang , Lee Chun‐Sing , Marks Tobin J. , Ade Harald , Jen Alex K.‐Y.
Published: June 2022

A record power conversion efficiency (PCE) of over 19% is realized in planar‐mixed heterojunction (PMHJ) organic solar cells (OSCs) by adopting the asymmetric selenium substitution strategy in making a pseudosymmetric electron acceptor, BS3TSe‐4F. The combined molecular asymmetry with more polarizable selenium substitution increases the dielectric constant of the D18/BS3TSe‐4F blend, helping lower the exciton binding energy. On the other hand, dimer packing in BS3TSe‐4F is facilitated to enable free charge generation, helping more efficient exciton dissociation and lowering the radiative recombination loss (ΔE2) of OSCs. As a result, PMHJ OSCs based on D18/BS3TSe‐4F achieve a PCE of 18.48%. By incorporating another mid‐bandgap acceptor Y6‐O into D18/BS3TSe‐4F to form a ternary PMHJ, a higher open‐circuit voltage (VOC) can be achieved to realize an impressive PCE of 19.03%. The findings of using pseudosymmetric electron acceptors in enhancing device efficiency provides an effective way to develop highly efficient acceptor materials for OSCs.
Spontaneous Formation of Oriented Lateral Wrinkles Assisted by Shrinkage Controlled Cracking
Authors: Liu Ning , Shan Linna , Yang Zhensheng , Sun Yue , Li Hao , Wang Zhiying
Published: June 2022

Oriented wrinkled surfaces play a vital role in the preparation of functional components. However, existing methods for the fabrication of oriented wrinkle patterns are often limited by specific equipment (e.g., high vacuum systems) and cumbersome processes. In this study, an approach utilizing shrinkage controlled cracking method is proposed to introduce prefabricated topographic patterns on flat semi‐crosslinked polydimethylsiloxane (Semi‐PDMS) substrate for modulating anisotropic release of the interlaminar lateral stresses, where the crosslinking‐induced volumetric shrinkage from the Semi‐PDMS substrate provides the driving force for developing and stabilizing oriented surface wrinkle formation; followed by thickening polydopamine (PDA) capping layer to increase the orientation degree of wrinkles. Moreover, the evolutionary mechanism of oriented wrinkles on the PDA/Semi‐PDMS composite surface are demonstrated. The materials used in the reported method are low cost and environmentally friendly, and the preparation process is simple and green without the need for extreme conditions or strong solvents, which can be scaled up to large‐scale fabrication. According to the biocompatibility, high stability, and reactivity of polydopamine, the prepared oriented wrinkles may find potential applications in electronic skin, enhancement of cell alignment, flexible and stretchable electronics, and as structured templates for surface arrays.
1D van der Waals Nb2Pd3Se8‐Based n‐Type Field‐Effect Transistors Prepared by Liquid Phase Exfoliation
Authors: Choi Kyung Hwan , Jeon Jiho , Jeong Byung Joo , Chae Sudong , Oh Seungbae , Woo Chaeheon , Kim Tae Yeong , Ahn Jungyoon , Lee Jae‐Hyun , Yu Hak Ki , Choi Jae‐Young
Published: June 2022

Recently, the 1D ternary transition metal chalcogenide Nb2Pd3Se8 has been reported as a promising channel material for the field‐effect transistors (FETs) with high performance transport behavior. Its structural characteristic of weak van der Waals (vdW) forces between unit ribbons allows for the isolation of high quality Nb2Pd3Se8 nanowires from the bulk crystal that are similar to typical layered 2D materials. This study reports on the liquid phase exfoliation (LPE) of 1D vdW Nb2Pd3Se8 to predict the optimal solvent in terms of the total surface tension and polar/dispersive component ratio. Among the various test solvents, N‐methyl‐2‐pyrrolidone and dimethylformamide are found to be the best solvents for the exfoliation and stabilization of the Nb2Pd3Se8 nanowires due to their well‐matched total surface tensions and polar/dispersive component ratios. Additionally, FETs are fabricated on the LPE‐processed Nb2Pd3Se8 nanowires, and the charge transport behavior is characterized at room temperature. The FETs exhibit n‐type characteristics with an Ion/Ioff ratio and field‐effect mobility up to ≈103 and 15 cm2 V−1 s−1. This study on the LPE of novel Nb2Pd3Se8 nanowires is an important step toward various practical applications in nanoelectronics.
Evaluation of Energy Harvesting from Different Sections of the Aortic Artery with Several Energy Harvester Materials
Authors: Nasiri Sadr Arsalan , Nasri Farnaz , Pourfarzad Hamed , Manavizadeh Negin , Pedram Mona Zamani , Naikoo Gowhar Ahmad
Published: June 2022

With the development of implants and microdevices used in the human body, supplying the energy of these devices is a challenge. One of the safest ways to overcome the challenge is to harvest the energy from the human body. In this study, the blood flow, wall deformation, and hemodynamic parameters of the aortic artery are evaluated based on computational fluid dynamics (CFD). Also, the artery displacement is linked to the output voltage by using Gauss’ law. The results show that for the artery under study, the proximal descending thoracic aorta (PDTA) is the best place to harvest energy, although there is the highest blood pressure on the ascending aorta (AAo) and the highest wall displacement is in the aortic arch. Part of this result depends on the morphology of the existing aortic artery. Also, the piezoelectric model of PZT‐5H harvests the most energy and polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) has the least, which can harvest power density of 1.34 and 1.27×10−3(μW/mm3) respectively.
Photodetector Arrays Based on MBE‐Grown GaSe/Graphene Heterostructure
Authors: Saroj Rajendra K. , Guha Puspendu , Lee Sangmin , Yoo Dongha , Lee Eunsu , Lee Jamin , Kim Miyoung , Yi Gyu‐Chul
Published: June 2022

A selective area growth of hexagonal GaSe on prepatterned graphene substrate and fabrication of a photodetector array is reported. The GaSe film is grown on the graphene substrates using a molecular beam epitaxy system and characterized for structural and morphological properties using X‐ray diffraction, Raman, and atomic force microscopy techniques. Preliminary observations indicate the growth of hexagonal GaSe layers along (001) direction on graphene film under certain optimum growth conditions. Subsequently, GaSe‐based Schottky diode photodetectors are fabricated in a single‐element and 16 × 16 crossbar array geometries. Current–voltage characteristics of the diodes show a rectifying behavior with a turn‐on voltage and a low leakage current of ≈2 V and ≈20 nA, respectively. Photoresponse characteristics of the diode are investigated by measuring wavelength‐dependent spectral response and temporal photocurrent response under illumination of different lights, including 532 nm laser and white light, with varied incident intensities. The spectral responsivity of the detector is found to be as high as 98 A W–1 at a wavelength of 500 nm with a turning‐on profile corresponding to the band edge of GaSe. The photo mapping capability of the detector array is also demonstrated in this report.
Concentration‐Induced Phase Separation to Suppress Energy Transfer for High‐Temperature Ratiometric Sensing in Organic Films
Authors: Qin Xiaoyu , Yang Ningjing , Yao Feng , Chen Hao , Wang Jin , Kong Mengfei , Qian Yan , Fan Quli
Published: June 2022

Energy transfer is usually applied in ratiometric thermometry, but it often decreases sensitivities due to much reduced distinguishment in the thermal responses of two different‐colored emitters. Herein, a feasible strategy to restrain energy transfer is utilized for achieving sensitive high‐temperature detection, simply by increasing the dopant concentration to induce microphase separation. Atomic force microscopy phase images reveal that this phase separation becomes dominant when the doping ratio reaches above 40%. This results in suppression of energy transfer, which is evidenced by systematic photophysical investigations. On this basis, by using heat‐resistant emitters, a series of inexpensive and easily prepared solid‐film organic high‐temperature ratiometric thermometers are developed. They exhibit a broad eye‐detective sensing range of 102–236 °C with the relative sensitivity (Sr) higher than 0.5% K−1 and the maximum temperature resolution attaining 0.39 K. Good reversibility and stability are also demonstrated in ambient atmosphere.
Nanoionics from Biological to Artificial Systems: An Alternative Beyond Nanoelectronics
Authors: Zhang Jianrui , Liu Wenchao , Dai Jiqing , Xiao Kai
Published: June 2022

Ion transport under nanoconfined spaces is a ubiquitous phenomenon in nature and plays an important role in the energy conversion and signal transduction processes of both biological and artificial systems. Unlike the free diffusion in continuum media, anomalous behaviors of ions are often observed in nanostructured systems, which is governed by the complex interplay between various interfacial interactions. Conventionally, nanoionics mainly refers to the study of ion transport in solid‐state nanosystems. In this review, to extent this concept is proposed and a new framework to understand the phenomena, mechanism, methodology, and application associated with ion transport at the nanoscale is put forward. Specifically, here nanoionics is summarized into three categories, i.e., biological, artificial, and hybrid, and discussed the characteristics of each system. Compared with nanoelectronics, nanoionics is an emerging research field with many theoretical and practical challenges. With this forward‐looking perspective, it is hoped that nanoionics can attract increasing attention and find wide range of applications as nanoelectronics.
Sub‐Nanometer Electron Beam Phase Patterning in 2D Materials
Authors: Zheng Fangyuan , Guo Deping , Huang Lingli , Wong Lok Wing , Chen Xin , Wang Cong , Cai Yuan , Wang Ning , Lee Chun‐Sing , Lau Shu Ping , Ly Thuc Hue , Ji Wei , Zhao Jiong
Published: June 2022

Phase patterning in polymorphic two‐dimensional (2D) materials offers diverse properties that extend beyond what their pristine structures can achieve. If precisely controllable, phase transitions can bring exciting new applications for nanometer‐scale devices and ultra‐large‐scale integrations. Here, the focused electron beam is capable of triggering the phase transition from the semiconducting T’’ phase to metallic T’ and T phases in 2D rhenium disulfide (ReS2) and rhenium diselenide (ReSe2) monolayers, rendering ultra‐precise phase patterning technique even in sub‐nanometer scale is found. Based on knock‐on effects and strain analysis, the phase transition mechanism on the created atomic vacancies and the introduced substantial in‐plane compressive strain in 2D layers are clarified. This in situ high‐resolution scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM) and in situ electrical characterizations agree well with the density functional theory (DFT) calculation results for the atomic structures, electronic properties, and phase transition mechanisms. Grain boundary engineering and electrical contact engineering in 2D are thus developed based on this patterning technique. The patterning method exhibits great potential in ultra‐precise electron beam lithography as a scalable top‐down manufacturing method for future atomic‐scale devices.
One‐Step Thermal Gradient‐ and Antisolvent‐Free Crystallization of All‐Inorganic Perovskites for Highly Efficient and Thermally Stable Solar Cells
Authors: Byranvand Mahdi Malekshahi , Kodalle Tim , Zuo Weiwei , Magorian Friedlmeier Theresa , Abdelsamie Maged , Hong Kootak , Zia Waqas , Perween Shama , Clemens Oliver , Sutter‐Fella Carolin M. , Saliba Michael
Published: June 2022

All‐inorganic perovskites have emerged as promising photovoltaic materials due to their superior thermal stability compared to their heat‐sensitive hybrid organic–inorganic counterparts. In particular, CsPbI2Br shows the highest potential for developing thermally‐stable perovskite solar cells (PSCs) among all‐inorganic compositions. However, controlling the crystallinity and morphology of all‐inorganic compositions is a significant challenge. Here, a simple, thermal gradient‐ and antisolvent‐free method is reported to control the crystallization of CsPbI2Br films. Optical in situ characterization is used to investigate the dynamic film formation during spin‐coating and annealing to understand and optimize the evolving film properties. This leads to high‐quality perovskite films with micrometer‐scale grain sizes with a noteworthy performance of 17% (≈16% stabilized), fill factor (FF) of 80.5%, and open‐circuit voltage (VOC) of 1.27 V. Moreover, excellent phase and thermal stability are demonstrated even after extreme thermal stressing at 300 °C.
SnO2Nanofibers Network for Cold Cathode Applications in Vacuum Nanoelectronics
Authors: Giubileo Filippo , Faella Enver , Pelella Aniello , Kumar Arun , Capista Daniele , Passacantando Maurizio , Kim Sang Sub , Di Bartolomeo Antonio
Published: June 2022

Field‐emission cold cathodes are the key components of vacuum nanoelectronics that offer great advantages over other electron sources based on the thermionic or photoelectric effects. In the effort to realize new electron sources, a systematic investigation of the field emission (FE) properties of SnO2nanofiber networks is performed. High‐purity SnO2nanofibers, confirmed by X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy, are prepared by electrospinning technique and then uniformly distributed over Si wafer. Field emission properties are investigated using a nanomanipulated tip‐shaped anode, inside a scanning electron microscope, for fine tuning the anode‐cathode separation distance. A field‐emission current is observed with an applied electric field as low as 25 V μm−1. Performance parameters such as turn‐on field and field enhancement factor are evaluated within the theoretical Fowler–Nordheim framework as a function of the anode–cathode separation distance, demonstrating that a maximum enhancement factor of about 150 is obtained at a separation of 200 nm. The emission from a single nanofiber is characterized by a current saturation at high voltages that can be explained in terms of electron supply limitation within conduction band. No evidence of field emission current contribution by electron tunneling from the valence band is observed in the experimental data.
Eight‐Electron Redox Cyclohexanehexone Anode for High‐Rate High‐Capacity Lithium Storage
Authors: Li Sha , Lin Jiande , Zhang Yimiao , Zhang Shilin , Jiang Tao , Hu Zhongli , Liu Junjie , Wu De‐Yin , Zhang Li , Tian Zhongqun
Published: June 2022

Replacing inorganic anodes with organic electrode materials is an attractive direction for future green Li‐ion batteries (LIBs). Carbonyl compounds are being explored as leading anode candidates for organic LIBs. In particular, cyclohexanehexanone (C6O6), as a perfect structure composed entirely of six CO groups, can theoretically contribute to the most reactive sites and the highest specific capacity, but has not been used as an anode material so far owing to its high solubility in carbonate‐based electrolytes and extremely low electronic conductivity. Herein, C6O6 is first revealed as an ultra‐high capacity and high‐rate anode material through a total eight‐electron redox electrochemical process by effectively constructing an insoluble and highly conductive C6O6‐polymeric binder‐carbon network architecture. Experimental characterizations combined with first‐principles calculations elucidate that CO bonds in C6O6 can be lithiated to Li+ enolate (Li6C6O6) through a reversible six‐Li‐ion electrochemical process and further converted to Li8C6O6 dimers via a reversible two‐electron pseudocapacitive Li+ intercalation reaction. As such, the C6O6 anode shows an ultrahigh capacity of up to 1404 mAh g−1 at 200 mA g−1 and an extraordinary high‐rate durability (814 mAh g−1 after 700 cycles at 5.0 A g−1). A 4.3 V high energy/power density Li‐ion hybrid electrochemical capacitor based on the C6O6 anode is thus derived.
Single and multispecies dual‐purpose cover crop productivity, nutritive value, and profitability
Authors: Obour Augustine K. , Holman Johnathon D.Holman , Assefa Yared
Published: June 2022

Replacing long fallow periods with dual‐purpose forage cover crops increases productivity and profitability of dryland crop rotations. However, little information is available on specific forage cover crops mixtures that optimizes productivity, nutritive value, and profitability. The objective of this research was to quantify forage productivity, nutritive value, and profitability of spring‐planted single or mixed species cover crops in a winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)–grain sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench]–fallow (WSF) crop rotation. This study was conducted from 2015 to 2017 at the Kansas State University Hearting Beason Ranch near Brownell, KS. The experimental design was a split‐plot randomized complete block with four replications. The main plots were three crop phases of the WSF rotation (wheat–sorghum–fallow, sorghum–fallow–wheat, and fallow–wheat–sorghum), and subplots were five spring‐planted cover crop treatments: (a) spring oat (Avena sativa L.), (b) spring triticale [×Triticosecale Wittm. ex A. Camus (Secale × Triticum)], (c) oat and triticale mixture (OT, two‐species mixture), (d) oat, triticale, and pea (Pisum sativum L.) (OTP, three‐species mixture), and (e) oat, triticale, pea, radish (Raphanus sativus L.), turnips (Brassica campestris L.), and buckwheat (Fagopyrum esculentum Moench) (six‐species mixture). Results showed that cover crop forage accumulation was 33–35% greater in sole triticale and OT mixture compared with sole spring oat or cocktail treatments. Multispecies mixtures, cocktail and OTP cover crops, had significantly greater available energy, digestibility, and dry matter intake based on measured crude protein, acid and netural detergent fiber, and in vitro dry matter digestibility compared with single species (oat or triticale). Net return was US$100 ha–1 greater for the OT treatment compared with the multispecies mixtures. We concluded that greater productivity and net return, along with adequate nutritive value, from sole triticale and OT mixture made them better dual‐purpose forage cover crop alternatives.
Rotating perennial forages into annual wheat cropping systems: Correlations between plant available soil and grain mineral concentrations
Authors: Clemensen Andrea K. , Duke Sara E. , Franco José G. , Grusak Michael A. , Liebig Mark A. , Hendrickson John R. , Archer David W.
Published: June 2022

Correlations between plant available soil and grain mineral concentrations are often assumed, yet few studies examine these associations. Here, soil and wheat grain samples were analyzed from a semi‐arid dryland cropping study in the northern Great Plains conducted between 2006 and 2011. Continuous spring wheat (fertilized) (Triticum aestivum L; CSW) was compared with wheat following 5 yr of perennial forages of either alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.), intermediate wheatgrass (fertilized) (Thinopyrum intermedium (Host) Barkw. & D.R. Dewey sbsp. Intermedium; IWG), or an alfalfa/intermediate wheatgrass mixture (fertilized; MIX). Wheat performance (yield, 1,000 kernel weight [TKW], and crude protein [CP] concentration), and associations between 11 plant available soil mineral concentrations and 11 wheat grain mineral concentrations were assessed. Wheat following alfalfa had greater yield than all treatments, greater TKW than CSW, greater CP than IWG and CSW, but lower grain Zn concentration than IWG (p ≤ .05). Wheat grain following IWG had greater Fe and Mn concentration than MIX, greater Mg concentration than CSW, and lower S concentration than all treatments (p < .05). Multivariate correlation analysis showed positive correlations between plant available soil and grain B, Mg, Mn, and S concentrations (p ≤ .02), while plant available soil and grain Zn and Ca concentrations showed negative associations (p ≤ .05). Rotating perennial forage phases into wheat cropping systems increased wheat yield and CP but reduced certain plant available soil minerals. Although rotating perennials into annual cropping systems can benefit some soil quality parameters it may also diminish plant available soil minerals, influencing fertility recommendations.
β‐Silylmethylene Malonate as Versatile Reagent in Organic Synthesis
Authors: Ghosh Sunil K.
Published: June 2022

A silicon group plays distinctive role in controlling many organic reactions. In this context a β‐silylmethylene malonate (β‐SMM) can be considered as a versatile reagent in organic synthesis to introduce a silicon group in strategic positions of organic frameworks for further manipulations. In addition to the chemistry exhibited by alkylidene and arylidene malonates, a β‐SMM shows unique reaction attributed to the silicon group. The derived products exhibit enormous potential for the rapid generation of useful intermediates/products which are otherwise difficult to accomplish. This account chronicles our systematic approach beginning from the synthesis of β‐SMMs from readily available starting materials, and their use in complexity generation through novel and/ or known reactions. Reactions using β‐SMMs such as synthesis of 1‐substituted vinylsilanes and their Pd‐catalyzed cross‐coupling, organocatalytic asymmetric addition of methyl ketones, aldehydes, nitroalkanes and pyrazol‐5‐ones, and asymmetric 1,3‐dipolar cycloaddition with azomethine ylides are highly influenced by the silicon group.
Housing the homeless: How revisiting the 1940s assists the struggle
Authors: O'Brien Anne
Published: June 2022

A major obstacle in the political work of housing the homeless is convincing voters and lawmakers that housing is a right and should be available to all without conditions. This paper seeks to assist that project by showing that the tension between rights and conditions has a history. It focusses on the pivotal 1940s, which saw the first major investment in public housing and the first surveys of two relevant problem populations—“the problem family” and “the homeless”. Those surveys used the language of eugenics, psychology and moral censure to perpetuate conditionality, while the call for housing as a right invested in the agency of “the people”. And the people wanted to be heard. Analysing the complex ways in which conditions on housing operated at this turning point enlarges and variegates the canvas on which contemporary understandings draw. It not only offers sobering insight into how the entrenching of marginalisation occurred but also informs the sense of contingency that might nourish serious reform.
UP Transformation einer Großstruktur aus Stahlbeton
Authors: Gengnagel Christoph
Published: June 2022

Das Gesamtprojekt kann als ein richtungsweisendes Beispiel für ein ressourcenschonendes Bauen im Bestand angesehen werden. So wurden durch die weitgehende Nutzung der Bestandsstruktur ein CO2‐Äquivalent von fast 8500 t gegenüber einem vergleichbaren Neubauvolumen eingespart und knappe Materialressourcen wie Kiese und Sande geschont. Gleichzeitig entstand ein markantes Bürogebäude im Stadtraum, das über einzigartige, vielfach gestalt‐ und nutzbare Innenräume verfügt. Im Projektverlauf zeigte sich die große Bedeutung von umfassenden Voruntersuchungen für das Bauen im Bestand, die neben der Konstruktionsanalyse und der Erfassung von verformungsgerechten Geometrien vor allem auch gründliche Materialuntersuchungen beinhalten sollte. Im Projekt wurden einige dieser Grundlagen erst in der Realisierungsphase umgesetzt, was an mehreren Stellen zu iterativen Anpassungen von Planungen, Terminen und Kosten führte. Überraschungsmomente wie ein lokales Materialversagen werden sich allerdings nie vollständig ausschließen lassen. Damit bleibt das Bauen im Bestand eine alternativlose Herausforderung der Zukunft für Planer und Bauherren. Ein neues Thema bildet dabei ein entwurfbegleitendes Life Cycle Assessment in den frühen Projektphasen, um das richtige Gleichgewicht zwischen den Anforderungen der Minimierung von Emissionen und dem Verbrauch neuer Materialressourcen und den Potenzialen des Bestands und seiner neuen Nutzung zu finden.
Druggable differences: Targeting mechanistic differences between trans‐translation and translation for selective antibiotic action
Authors: Srinivas Pooja , Keiler Kenneth C. , Dunham Christine M.
Published: June 2022

Bacteria use trans‐translation to rescue stalled ribosomes and target incomplete proteins for proteolysis. Despite similarities between tRNAs and transfer‐messenger RNA (tmRNA), the key molecule for trans‐translation, new structural and biochemical data show important differences between translation and trans‐translation at most steps of the pathways. tmRNA and its binding partner, SmpB, bind in the A site of the ribosome but do not trigger the same movements of nucleotides in the rRNA that are required for codon recognition by tRNA. tmRNA‐SmpB moves from the A site to the P site of the ribosome without subunit rotation to generate hybrid states, and moves from the P site to a site outside the ribosome instead of to the E site. During catalysis, transpeptidation to tmRNA appears to require the ribosomal protein bL27, which is dispensable for translation, suggesting that this protein may be conserved in bacteria due to trans‐translation. These differences provide insights into the fundamental nature of trans‐translation, and provide targets for new antibiotics that may have decrease cross‐reactivity with eukaryotic ribosomes.
A novel fluorescence probe for the detection of water content in organic solvents and the distinction between deuterated and nondeuterated reagents
Authors: Deng Bing , Feng Jingyi , Duan Ning , Yang Shaoxiang , Tian Hongyu , Sun Baoguo
Published: June 2022

A novel D−π−A type fluorescent probe (probe 1) was developed for water content detection in organic solvents. By analyzing the relationship between fluorescence and water content, the probe was successfully applied to determine trace water content in tetrahydrofuran, ethyl acetate, 2‐butanone, acetone, dimethylformamide, and acetonitrile. High water content in THF and ethyl acetate was associated with a gradual colour change from yellowish green to earthy yellow. The red/green value had a linear relationship with the water content in THF and ethyl acetate. There was a linear relationship between the red/blue value and water content in 2‐butanone and acetone. Furthermore, probe 1 could be used for human serum albumin detection. Unexpectedly, probe 1 had a different colour response in deuterated and nondeuterated solvents, and had different fluorescence intensity and fluorescence emission wavelength. Probe 1 is rare tool that can distinguish between deuterated and nondeuterated reagents.
Co‐substrate‐fed microbial fuel cell for enhanced power generation and removal of groundwater contaminants
Authors: Kim Hyeong Jae , Kim Jun Hyun , Jeon Yongwon , Kim Sunghyun
Published: June 2022

A microbial fuel cell (MFC) could be adopted as one of the biotechnological new approaches for removing groundwater contaminants of petroleum hydrocarbons such as benzene, toluene, and ethylbenzene, and simultaneously producing electricity. In this study, we have compared performances of single‐chamber MFCs in terms of power density and removal efficiency when operated under two different feeding conditions. In one experiment, benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and phenol (BTEP) were individually fed to the MFC reactor without acetate. In another experiment, acetate was added as a co‐substrate. When operated in a batch mode, both cases showed almost complete BTEP removal efficiency while the former case produced negligible power density of ca. 1 mW/m2 and the latter case 0.13–0.44 W/m2. These results imply that MFCs are promising technology for removing petroleum contaminants and for simultaneously producing electricity when suitable organic substances are provided.
Developing an emission risk control model in coal‐fired power plants for investigating CO2 reduction strategies for sustainable business development
Authors: Kumari Shalini , Bera Sasadhar
Published: June 2022

The climatic risk consists of financial and environmental risks, predominantly evolutes from carbon dioxide emissions from coal‐fired power plants. We develop a climatic risk control model to investigate the coexistence of renewable energy and the post‐combustion carbon capture technology as CO2 reduction strategies. Additionally, our proposed framework explicitly considers the acceptance of such strategies based on a balance of electricity supply according to demand. This paper adopts an additive fuzzy mixed‐integer optimization approach to model uncertain parameters and determines the optimal solution focusing on business and the environment. Furthermore, we investigate the feasibility of such emission control strategies with scenario analysis that help to execute the country's emission reduction policies. The usefulness of our methodology is demonstrated using data from the coal‐based power sector in the Eastern part of India. Overall, with the proposed model, we can achieve 30% reduction in emission release, which provides strategies to the decision‐maker for investment towards sustainable development.
Baicalein self‐microemulsion based on drug–phospholipid complex for the alleviation of cytokine storm
Authors: Liao Hengfeng , Ye Jun , Gao Yue , Lian Chunfang , Liu Lu , Xu Xiaoyan , Feng Yu , Yang Yanfang , Yang Yuqi , Shen Qiqi , Gao Lili , Liu Zhihua , Liu Yuling
Published: June 2022

Cytokine storm is a phenomenon whereby the overreaction of the human immune system leads to the release of inflammatory cytokines, which can lead to multiple organ dysfunction syndrome. At present, the existing drugs for the treatment of cytokine storm have limited efficacy and severe adverse effects. Here, we report a lymphatic targeting self‐microemulsifying drug delivery system containing baicalein to effectively inhibit cytokine storm. Baicalein self‐microemulsion with phospholipid complex as an intermediate carrier (BAPC‐SME) prepared in this study could be spontaneously emulsified to form 12‐nm oil‐in‐water nanoemulsion after administration. And then BAPC‐SME underwent uptake by enterocyte through endocytosis mediated by lipid valve and clathrin, and had obvious characteristics of mesenteric lymph node targeting distribution. Oral administration of BAPC‐SME could significantly inhibit the increase in plasma levels of 14 cytokines: TNF‐α, IL‐6, IFN‐γ, MCP‐1, IL‐17A, IL‐27, IL‐1α, GM‐CSF, MIG, IFN‐β, IL‐12, MIP‐3α, IL‐23, and RANTES in mice experiencing systemic cytokine storm. BAPC‐SME could also significantly improve the pathological injury and inflammatory cell infiltration of lung tissue in mice experiencing local cytokine storm. This study does not only provide a new lymphatic targeted drug delivery strategy for the treatment of cytokine storm but also has great practical significance for the clinical development of baicalein self‐microemulsion therapies for cytokine storm.
Characteristics and overall survival of patients with early‐stage non‐small cell lung cancer: A cohort study in Denmark
Authors: Ehrenstein Vera , Eriksen Katrine , Taylor Aliki , Servidio Leslie , Jakobsen Erik
Published: June 2022

Non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) accounts for the majority of all lung cancer diagnoses, and approximately 35% of patients with NSCLC are diagnosed at an early stage (I–IIIA). This study aimed to describe epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) testing, patient characteristics, and overall survival (OS) among patients with early‐stage NSCLC in Denmark. Patients with early‐stage NSCLC registered in the Danish Lung Cancer Registry in 2013–2018 were followed through 2019. We described EGFR testing, descriptively summarised patient characteristics, and calculated OS by EGFR testing and mutation status. The association between EGFR mutation (EGFRm) and all‐cause mortality was estimated using Cox proportional‐hazards regression, in subgroups defined by stage at diagnosis, age at diagnosis, comorbidity, and receipt of surgery. In 2013–2018, 21,282 patients with NSCLC were registered in the Danish Lung Cancer Registry, of whom 8758 were diagnosed at an early stage. Of those, 4071 (46%) were tested for EGFRm at diagnosis. Median OS was 5.7 years among patients with EGFRm‐positive status (n = 361) and 4.4 years among patients with EGFRm‐negative status (n = 3710). EGFRm‐positive status was associated with lower all‐cause mortality in all subgroups. This study contributes to population‐based evidence on the epidemiology of early‐stage NSCLC treated in routine clinical practice.
Design and implementation of an Internet‐Based cancer risk assessment tool: Use over 10 years
Authors: LaRiviere Michael J. , O'Keefe Ryan , Carpenter Maribel , Chao Hann‐Hsiang , Amaniera Isabella , Vachani Carolyn , Hampshire Margaret K. , Bach Christina , Arnold‐Korzeniowski Karen , Metz James M. , Hill‐Kayser Christine
Published: June 2022

Background

Prevention and early intervention can improve survival and quality of life across all cancers. Patient understanding of risk factors and associated actionable lifestyle changes and screening programs is not well understood by clinicians

Methods

An Internet‐based tool, Reduce My Risk, was created in 2009 and made available on oncolink.org. Users voluntarily completed a survey regarding demographics and cancer risk factors, and received information about their cancer risk

Results

Twenty eight thousand and one surveys were completed from 2009 to 2019. Median age was 26 years (18–101); 60% were females, 87% lived in North America, and 37% had at least a bachelor's degree. Users reported on behavioral/ modifiable risk factors: 13% were current smokers, 52% were current consumers of alcohol, and 8% of those had ≥14 drinks/week. Body mass index (BMI) was ≥30 in 19%; 74% of all surveys reported dietary risks and 36% reported infrequent exercise. Excess UV exposure was reported by 19%. Among women, 36% reported performing breast self‐examinations monthly, and 50% reported receiving clinician breast examinations at least once every 3 years. Sixty seven percent of men 55–75 years reported screening prostate specific antigen testing, with 50% receiving annual digital rectal examinations. Nonmodifiable risk factors included family cancer history (64%), genetic syndrome (3%), and cancer‐predisposing health conditions (26%)

Conclusions

Ninety‐seven percent of users reported modifiable risk factors, and 60% reported ≥4 of these risk factors. Understanding detailed characteristics of a large number of respondents has the potential to improve educational interventions to reduce cancer risk through behavioral modification and cancer screening across the general public.
Triarchic psychopathic traits versus self‐control: Comparing associations with youth antisocial outcomes
Authors: Pechorro Pedro , Abrunhosa Gonçalves Rui , Barroso Ricardo , Quintas Jorge , DeLisi Matt
Published: June 2022

Background

Psychopathy and low self‐control are useful constructs for understanding antisociality/criminality. The triarchic model of psychopathy in particular is a recent and promising conceptualisation, composed of boldness, disinhibition, and meanness ‐ three personality traits that have never been studied in tandem with low self‐control.

Aims

To test relationships between the triarchic personality traits of boldness, disinhibition and meanness and low self‐control with delinquent or antisocial acts.

Methods

In a cross‐sectional, self‐report study a schools' cohort of 14‐ to 18‐year‐olds (Mean 15.91 years, SD = 0.99 years) was recruited from regions in South Portugal and Lisbon, representative of the general population of this age in sex distribution and education. After parental consent, teenage volunteers in small groups completed psychopathy and self‐control self‐rating scales and then a questionnaire about their criminal or delinquent activities, all on one single occasion and in confidence from school staff or parents. Path analysis was used to test relationships.

Results

567 young people, 256 (45%) of them girls, completed all ratings, 89% of those invited to do so. Low self‐control had the strongest relationship with antisocial/criminal acts, followed by the disinhibition or meanness traits of the triarchic psychopathy construct. The boldness trait of the triarchic psychopathy construct had the weakest relationship.

Conclusions

Our findings suggest that the most effective targets for intervention to prevent or limit antisocial behaviours by young people are likely to be self‐control and disinhibition. Behavioural interventions that improve social skills and verbal problem‐solving that encourage listening and waiting in response to environmental stimuli are likely to effect reduction of impulsive and aggressive reactions to others and so reduce conduct problems. Since disinhibition and self‐control are such overlapping constructs, improvements in one area will generally facilitate improvements in the other area.
An acute localized reaction following a mosquito bite in a breast cancer treated patient
Authors: Said El Mabrouk Randa , Mohamed Mariem , Hadhri Rim , Zili Jameleddine
Published: June 2022

Acute localized exanthematous pustulosis (ALEP) is a rare localized variant of acute generalized exanthematous pustulosis (AGEP). We report a case of ALEP localised on the trunk and induced by a mosquito bite in a breast cancer treated female patient.