bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
RNAi‐Mediated Silencing of Endogenous Wheat Genes EIF(Iso)4E‐2 and EIF4G Induce Resistance to Multiple RNA Viruses in Transgenic Wheat
Authors: Rupp Jessica Shoup , Cruz Luisa , Trick Harold N. , Fellers John P.
Published: August 2019

Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) lacks sources of effective resistance to the potyviruses Wheat streak mosaic virus (WSMV) and Triticum mosaic virus (TriMV). Potyviruses use host eukaryotic initiation factors (eIFs) to facilitate initial translation of their genomes, and many plant virus resistance genes are due to mutations in eIFs. Therefore, we hypothesized that silencing TaeIF(iso)4E and TaeIF4G would provide effective and broad‐spectrum virus resistance. Three transgenic wheat lines with an RNA interference (RNAi) hairpin construct targeting TaeIF(iso)4E and four lines with a hairpin construct targeting TaeIF4G were recovered through wheat transformation. Early generation lines were found to be resistant to WSMV and TriMV, and co‐inoculation of both. The lines were selfed to the T5 generation to insure transgene stability, as well as crossed onto the hard red winter wheat cultivar ‘Karl 92’ to test the RNAi constructs in a more adapted genetic background. Phenotypically, transgenic lines were found to be resistant to WSMV, TriMV, and mixed infections of both, were resistant to Soil‐borne wheat mosaic virus, and demonstrated a significant reduction in Barley yellow dwarf virus infection. The RNAi effectiveness on viral RNA was evaluated using reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR). An 18‐fold reduction in WSMV and TriMV viral RNA was found in the T5 transgenic lines when compared with control plants. Viral RNA reduction was also found in the F1, and BC1F1 crosses to Karl 92. These results demonstrate that a single, endogenously derived transgene in wheat can provide resistance to multiple viruses and provides a proof of concept for future gene editing.
Viscous Flow Approach to “Pushing Out Old Water” from Undisturbed and Repacked Soil Columns
Authors: Bogner Christina , Germann Peter
Published: August 2019

Core Ideas

Breakthrough of Br is substantially delayed with respect to the wetting front.

Film thickness and specific contact area of infiltrating water are calculated.

Viscous flow approach is successful in both undisturbed and repacked soil columns.

“Pushing out old water” already occurs at the scale of soil columns.

The application of bromide tracer in transient infiltration–drainage experiments on undisturbed and repacked soil columns revealed distinct delays of tracer front arrivals with respect to the wetting front arrivals. A viscous flow approach was matched to the flow data that resulted in the parameters film thickness F and specific contact area L of the mobile water with the stagnant parts of the porous medium. Various combinations of F and L were related to the tracer delays, where the combinations L × F, L × F 3, and L × F 2 increasingly showed the highest correlation. The volume of mobile water was turned over 3.8 to 29.5 times between the arrivals of the wetting fronts and the arrivals of the tracer fronts. The delays and their statistical interpretations in view of the viscous flow approach are considered a significant contribution to the understanding of the phenomenon of “pushing out old water” that is still obscured in the hydrology of hillslopes and catchments. Despite the lack of a satisfying explanation for the high numbers of mobile‐water turnovers, the fact that the phenomenon of “pushing out old water” already occurs in soil columns may stimulate its investigation at the soil profile scale.
Biogas Digestate Application Modifies Solute Transport Conditions in Soils and Increases the Release of Phosphorus
Authors: Koch Stefan , Kahle Petra , Lennartz Bernd
Published: August 2019

Core Ideas

Severe rainfall events cause increased phosphorus release from soils.

The proportion of DRP increases with increasing rainfall duration.

Digestate application causes a 400‐fold increase in pore water P concentrations.

The DRP fraction is clearly dominant immediately after fertilization.

Digestate application facilitates a flux regime shift with preferential flow pathways.

The application of fertilizers to soils may impair the quality of both surface and subsurface waters. Severe rainfall events that follow fertilizer application can increase P release from soils. In this study, suction plates were installed in a loamy soil with the aim of determining the P transport patterns and processes in the soil before and after the application of biogas digestate. Prior to the application of biogas digestate, the pore water concentrations of dissolved reactive P (DRP) were significantly lower than the total P (TP) concentrations, with DRP/TP ratios increasing from 0.03 to 0.89. After fertilizer application, the TP and DRP pore water concentrations increased 400‐fold. The DRP/TP ratio remained almost constant at 0.83. After 220 mm of precipitation, 4.5% of the P mass applied was leached to below the 50‐cm soil depth, indicating the general mobility of P in soils during high‐intensity rainfall. Brilliant Blue dye tracing experiments revealed that organic‐matter‐rich biogas digestate obviously changes the flow and transport patterns in soils from being homogenous to moderately heterogeneous, including preferential flow. Although the P loading across the flux plane had been equilibrated prior to treatment, after the application it was found to be concentrated in preferred transport regions. The emerging conclusion is that the risk of ground and subsequent surface water pollution with P after fertilization with biogas digestate originates not only from the applied P mass but also from the shift in the flow and transport regime caused by the organic‐matter‐rich slurry.
Dye Tracers Reveal Potential Edge‐Flow Effects in Undisturbed Lysimeters Sealed with Petrolatum
Authors: Williams Mark R. , McAfee Scott J. , Kent Brittany E.
Published: August 2019

Core Ideas

Effectiveness of petrolatum in preventing edge‐flow was assessed in lysimeters.

Edge flow was observed with dye tracers in both dry and rewetted unsealed lysimeters.

Petrolatum sealed edges but created a new edge where it infiltrated into the soil.

Preferential flow occurred at this new edge in dry and rewetted sealed lysimeters.

Maintenance of soil moisture is critical when sealing lysimeters with petrolatum.

Undisturbed soil lysimeters are widely used to study water and solute transport. During or following lysimeter collection, it is common to implement measures aimed at limiting edge flow at the interface between the soil and the lysimeter casing. The objective of this study was to use dye tracers to evaluate the effectiveness of petroleum jelly in suppressing edge flow in lysimeters. Eight undisturbed square lysimeters (900 cm2) with removable spacers lining the inside of the casing were collected from an agricultural field. Spacers were removed from four lysimeters and liquefied petroleum jelly was poured into the gap created after spacer removal. The lysimeters were air dried for 150 d, after which two sealed and two unsealed lysimeters were resaturated. All lysimeters were then subjected to a 1‐h rainfall simulation (3.3 cm h−1), with dye added to the rainfall. Rewetting both sealed and unsealed lysimeters resulted in less horizontal dye coverage compared with the dry treatments due to reduced matrix–macropore interaction. Dye staining patterns for unsealed lysimeters showed that edge flow was the predominant flow pathway through the soil regardless of soil moisture status. While sealing lysimeters with petroleum jelly largely limited flow between the soil and the casing, shrinkage cracks formed during drying that coincided with the extent of petroleum jelly infiltration into the soil. This new hydrophobic edge served as a preferential flow pathway in the sealed lysimeters under both dry and rewetted conditions. Findings suggest that maintaining adequate soil moisture before and after petroleum jelly addition is critical to avoid preferential flow along the hydrophobic edge in sealed lysimeters.
Universidade Empreendedora: proposição de modelo teórico
Authors: Ruiz Sofia Maria de Araújo , Martens Cristina Dai Prá
Published: August 2019

O objetivo deste artigo foi propor um conjunto de elementos que caracterizam as universidades empreendedoras. Foi revisitada a literatura, desde os artigos seminais até 2017 e, partindo de 289 estudos pesquisados, foram selecionados e analisados 13 artigos de forma qualitativa para a proposição do modelo teórico, os quais possibilitaram a compreensão das características das universidades empreendedoras. Os elementos teóricos foram agrupados e relacionados em dimensões que, após serem refinados, embasaram a proposição do modelo teórico para análise empírica das universidades empreendedoras. Esta análise possibilitou a compreensão das características das universidades empreendedoras que se transformam para atender às demandas da sociedade. Espera-se que os resultados apresentados e discutidos possam auxiliar as universidades na ampliação de seu papel social, juntamente com seu ecossistema empreendedor, e na adoção de ações voltadas para o desenvolvimento local, regional, nacional e internacional, integrando ensino, pesquisa, extensão e inovação. Como contribuição acadêmica, este estudo relaciona as características das universidades empreendedoras e integra essas características em dimensões para compreensão das diferenças entre as universidades tradicionais e as empreendedoras e, pode servir de ponto de partida para outros estudos empíricos. Destaca-se a necessidade de pesquisas empíricas futuras para validar os elementos identificados e/ou agregar outros elementos que possam compor uma universidade empreendedora.
Deficiências no Processo de Compras Governamentais do Programa Nacional de Alimentação Escolar e seus Impactos no Desenvolvimento Local
Authors: Lopes Bruno De Jesus , Doula Sheila Maria
Published: August 2019

Este artigo tem como objetivo analisar os problemas verificados no processo de compras de gêneros alimentícios para o Programa Nacional de Alimentação Escolar – PNAE, durante a implementação do programa em nível municipal, com foco central de análise nas distorções entre a legislação vigente para aquisição dos alimentos e as dificuldades do contexto local municipal para compra governamental. A metodologia utilizada consiste na Análise Documental, tomando-se como corpus os Relatórios de Fiscalização Municipal elaborados pela Controladoria Geral da União – CGU. Foram analisados 108 relatórios que compreendem municípios das regiões Norte e Nordeste. Dentre os resultados encontrados destacam-se as lacunas na legislação vigente, principalmente em sua formulação que não considera as limitações e a diversidade de contextos locais existentes; no processo de controle e fiscalização das compras governamentais, as quais, em muitos casos, possuem normas ignoradas, seja por falhas formais ou pela busca de enriquecimento ilícito com recursos públicos. Como conclusão, observou-se que tais distorções debilitam os resultados positivos para os públicos beneficiários do programa e para o desenvolvimento local proposto pela legislação que promove as compras governamentais.
Análise de Tecnologias Sociais sob a Luz da Teoria do Ator-Rede: o caso das associações sociotécnicas da pedagogia da alternância
Authors: Valadão José de Arimatéia Dias , Andrade Jackeline Amantino de , Alcântara Valderí De Castro
Published: August 2019

Tecnologias Sociais como a Pedagogia da Alternância têm sido consideradas iniciativas estratégicas para a dinamização de políticas públicas. Um dos maiores desafios, contudo, têm sido a sobrevivência e ampliação dessas Tecnologia Social para outros espaços e contextos. Nesse sentido, o presente trabalho visou analisar como a Pedagogia da Alternância se consolidou na localidade em que surgiu e se tornou uma TS reconhecidamente geradora de transformações sociais. Teoricamente, foi adotada a Teoria do Ator-Rede. Os procedimentos metodológicos se basearam em fontes secundárias de dados documentais e entrevistas, sendo a análise dos dados realizada por meio do conceito de translação. Como resultado, verificou-se que a Pedagogia da Alternância foi, inicialmente, um processo negociado por muitos atores com objetivos distintos e interessamentos diversos. A participação das famílias, o apoio da Igreja Católica e do Governo do Estado e um conjunto de inscrições, inclusive de atores não humanos, definiram as possibilidades, tanto de execução local como sua expansão para outras regiões e países.
Turismo e Sustentabilidade: inter-relações entre práticas sustentáveis e experiências turísticas memoráveis
Authors: Madruga Lúcia Rejane Da Rosa Gama , Garlet Valéria , Grellmann Camila Pascotini
Published: August 2019

Este trabalho teve como objetivo principal analisar a possível relação entre experiências turísticas memoráveis e práticas sustentáveis. Por meio de uma pesquisa quantitativa (método survey), questionários foram aplicados com 421 turistas, sendo possível identificar suas práticas sustentáveis e percepções sobre experiência turística memorável. A relação entre experiência turística memorável e práticas sustentáveis foi analisada por meio do coeficiente de correlação de Pearson, o qual identificou correlação significativa entre quase todos os construtos. Apenas não houve correlação significativa entre as práticas sustentáveis e a renovação. Das dimensões da experiência turística memorável, o conhecimento foi o que apresentou maior associação com as práticas sustentáveis. Constatou-se que quanto maior for a experiência turística memorável, mais tende a ocorrer práticas sustentáveis e vice-versa. Pode-se aí concluir que, a partir do momento em que uma empresa facilita experiências turísticas memoráveis, baseadas nos princípios da sustentabilidade, o turista poderá retornar a sua realidade com novos aprendizados, os quais poderão gerar mudanças de atitudes e contribuir para um mundo melhor. Espera-se, assim, que os resultados apresentados sirvam de contribuição não somente para o âmbito acadêmico, mas também aos gestores de organizações turísticas.
Coautoria em Administração: uma análise da posição autoral
Authors: Ribeiro Lucas Daniel Ramos , Storopoli José Eduardo , Carneiro da Cunha Julio Araujo
Published: August 2019

Esta pesquisa é sobre o papel da ordem de autoria de professores-pesquisadores da área de administração em suas publicações e quais fatores podem influenciar esta ordenação, além de propor um método de mensuração da ordenação autoral. Os fatores propostos que influenciam tal ordenação são: (1) experiência na carreira; (2) liderança em grupos de pesquisa; e (3) formação acadêmica. A amostra foi obtida de 16 programas de mestrado e doutorado acadêmicos em administração no estado de São Paulo, totalizando 329 professores-pesquisadores e mais de 2.200 publicações. Os resultados apontam que tanto a experiência do professor-pesquisador, quanto a liderança em grupo de pesquisa e sua formação acadêmica os leva a atuar mais no papel de gestor (último autor) do que como executor (primeiro autor). Concluímos que atualmente, as pontuações sobre pesquisadores feitas quadrienalmente pela CAPES, e as demais utilizadas pelas instituições de ensino na área de administração, não diferenciam o autor em sua posição no artigo. Essa postura traz benefícios e desvantagens. O principal benefício e que se evitam comportamentos oportunistas entre os autores na definição de ordem de autoria; a principal desvantagem é que não se diferenciam os esforços distintos de cada autor na realização do trabalho científico.
Prediction of groundwater quality parameter in the Tabriz plain, Iran using soft computing methods
Authors: Jafari Robabeh , Torabian Ali , Ghorbani Mohammad Ali , Mirbagheri Seyed Ahmad , Hassani Amir Hessam
Published: August 2019

Aquifers are one of the largest available freshwater resources. In this paper, total dissolved solids (TDS) of the groundwater aquifer in Tabriz plain is estimated by groundwater physicochemical parameters including Na, HCO3, Ca, Mg, and SO4 in the eastern region of Urmia Lake. For this purpose, four soft computing approaches, namely, multilayer perceptron (MLP), adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system (ANFIS), support vector machine (SVM), and gene expression programming (GEP) were used to predict TDS for a period of 10 years (2002–2012). Data were collected from the East Azerbaijan Regional Water Organization, which totaled 1,742 samples. In the application, of the whole data set, 70% (1,220 samples) was used for training and 30% (522 samples) for testing. In the following, the correlation coefficient (R), root mean square error (RMSE), and mean absolute error (MAE) statistics were used for evaluating the accuracy of the models. According to the results, MLP, ANFIS, SVM, and GEP models could be employed successfully in estimating TDS alterations. A comparison was made between these soft computing approaches that corroborated the superiority of the GEP model over MLP, SVM, and ANFIS models with RMSE = 58.93, R = 0.998, and MAE = 5.21.
Adsorption of Ni(II) by a thermo-sensitive colloid: methylcellulose/calcium alginate beads
Authors: Li Zhongmin , Wu Wanwan , Jiang Wenyan , Wei Guangtao , Li Yunshang , Zhang Linye
Published: August 2019

The adsorption of Ni(II) by a thermo-sensitive adsorbent of methylcellulose/calcium alginate beads (CAMCBs) was studied using batch adsorption tests to determine the adsorption process and properties, the effects of adsorbent dosage, initial concentration, adsorption time and temperature. The adsorption process was further investigated using kinetics, isotherms and thermodynamic methods. The kinetics and isotherms studies showed the adsorption of Ni(II) on CAMCBs was fitted by the pseudo-second-order kinetic model and Langmuir isothermal adsorption model, respectively. The thermodynamic parameters indicated that the adsorption process was spontaneous and exothermic at lower temperature, and the entropy of the adsorption process was negative. In the study of regeneration, it was confirmed that under the temperature of 60 °C, the desorption agent of CaCl2 with concentration of 3 g·L−1 was more conducive to the desorption of Ni(II) from CAMCBs. Both adsorption capacity and mechanical strength of the used CAMCBs could be basically recovered to the level of fresh CAMCBs after desorption. The prepared CAMCBs had a good property of adsorption of Ni(II) and an excellent regeneration performance.
Handling non-stationary flood frequency analysis using TL-moments approach for estimation parameter
Authors: Mat Jan Nur Amalina , Shabri Ani , Samsudin Ruhaidah
Published: August 2019

Non-stationary flood frequency analysis (NFFA) plays an important role in addressing the issue of the stationary assumption (independent and identically distributed flood series) that is no longer valid in infrastructure-designed methods. This confirms the necessity of developing new statistical models in order to identify the change of probability functions over time and obtain a consistent flood estimation method in NFFA. The method of Trimmed L-moments (TL-moments) with time covariate is confronted with the L-moment method for the stationary and non-stationary generalized extreme value (GEV) models. The aims of the study are to investigate the behavior of the proposed TL-moments method in the presence of NFFA and applying the method along with GEV distribution. Comparisons of the methods are made by Monte Carlo simulations and bootstrap-based method. The simulation study showed the better performance of most levels of TL-moments method, which is TL(η,0), (η = 2, 3, 4) than the L-moment method for all models (GEV1, GEV2, and GEV3). The TL-moment method provides more efficient quantile estimates than other methods in flood quantiles estimated at higher return periods. Thus, the TL-moments method can produce better estimation results since the L-moment eliminates lowest value and gives more weight to the largest value which provides important information.
Uncertainty quantification of flood damage estimation for urban drainage risk management
Authors: Morita Masaru , Tung Yeou Koung
Published: August 2019

This paper presents a method of quantifying the uncertainty associated with inundation damage data for an urban catchment when undertaking stormwater drainage design and management. Usually flood damage is estimated by multiplying the inundated asset value by the damage rate corresponding to the inundation depth. The uncertainty of the asset value and the damage rate is described by probability distributions estimated from an analysis of actual flood damage data from a national government survey. With the inclusion of uncertainty in the damage rate and asset value, the damage potential curve defining the damage-frequency relationship is no longer a deterministic single-value curve. Through Monte Carlo simulations, which incorporate the uncertainty of the inundation damage from the damage rate and asset value, a probabilistic damage potential relation can be established, which can be expressed in terms of a series of curves with different percentile levels. The method is demonstrated through the establishment of probabilistic damage potential curves for a typical urban catchment, the Zenpukuji river basin in Tokyo Metropolis, under two scenarios, namely, with and without a planned flood control reservoir.
para-Aminobenzoic Acid-A Substrate of Immense Significance
Authors: Zaib Un Nisa  , Akhtar Tashfeen
Published: August 2019

PABA (p-aminobenzoic acid) is an important substrate for the synthesis of various biological
scaffolds. Its pharmacological significance is apparent form the drugs like folic acid and benzocaine,
which are used for certain biological disorders. Although, it is not a vitamin but still it is referred
as a member of vitamin B. The deficiency of PABA leads to several disorders like erratic
white areas of skin, grey hair, fatigue, depression and irritability. Besides its medicinal importance,
PABA has been used in the synthesis of various biologically active heterocyclic nuclei like benzimidazoles,
azitidinones, thiazolidinones, pyrazoline, etc. This review will describe the applications of
PABA in the synthesis of these biologically active nuclei and hence emphasizing its importance as a
versatile substrate.
Presentación
Authors: González Tous Marco , Mattar V. Salim
Published: August 2019

El comité editorial de la revista MVZ Córdoba, principal órgano de difusión de la Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia de la Universidad de Córdoba, continuando con su política de ampliación de la masa crítica del comité científico, destinada a mejorar su calidad, informa a sus lectores la importante aceptación de participar en dicho comité de la doctora María Elena Agüero-Rosenfeld, Ph. D., profesora del New York Medical College y del doctor Alejandro Melo, M.Sc, director científico de Laboratorios Novamed. Igualmente, se incluye al Licenciado Jaime Nieto Caballero, adscrito a la Facultad de Educación de la Universidad de Córdoba, como Revisor de idioma extranjero de nuestra revista. El comité editorial desea darles la bienvenida a los nuevos colaboradores.
Efecto de la época del parto y del sistema de amamantamiento sobre la eficiencia reproductiva de vacas del sistema doble propósito.
Authors: Salgado Roger , Álvarez Jaime , Bertel Melba , González Marco , Maza Libardo , Torregroza Lino
Published: August 2019

Se evaluó el efecto de la época del parto y el sistema de amamantamiento en la eficiencia reproductiva postparto de vacas manejadas bajo el sistema de doble propósito en una finca ubicada en el municipio de Chinú Departamento de córdoba. Se utilizaron 60 vacas multíparas homogéneas en el número de partos, producción de leche, manejo, sanidad, ambiente y alimentación. Se distribuyeron en cuatro tratamientos utilizando un diseño completamente al azar, con un arreglo factorial 2x2 con dos épocas (sequía y lluvia) y dos sistemas de amamantamiento (tradicional y restringido) con 15 repeticiones por grupo experimental: T1 – Sequía x tradicional – T2 – sequía x restringido - T3 – Lluvia x tradicional – T4
– Lluvia x restringido. La época no tuvo efecto (P>0.05) sobre la tasa de gestación (50% para la época seca vs 40% para la época de lluvia) ni los días abiertos (132.13 + 65.35 vs 138.71 + 60.21 para la época de sequía y lluvia respectivamente). Se encontró un efecto del amamantamiento sobre la tasa de gestación y los días abiertos (P
Crecimiento y mortalidad de la yalua (Cyphocharax magdalenae Steindachner, 1878) en el río Sinú, Colombia.
Authors: Blanco V. Harold , Solipá G. Jairo , Olaya N. Charles
Published: August 2019

Para estimar los parámetros de crecimiento y mortalidad de la yalúa (Cyphocharax agdalenae Steinachner , 1878) se aplicó el análisis de recuencia de tallas (ELEFAN) a la información colectada en el período comprendido entre enero y diciembre de 2000 (n= 1684). Se midió la longitud total (LT), longitud horquilla (LH) y longitud estándar (LS) al milímetro más cercano. El intervalo de clase fue de 0.5 cm. Los valores estimado para L¥, K y to fueron 22.7 (±0.14) cm, 0.28 (± 0.01) año-1 y –0.64 años, respectivamente, con temperatura media anual de 28oC y límites de confianza del 95%. El índice de desempeño (ø’) arrojó un valor promedio 2.16. Las ecuaciones de regresión obtenidas con límites de confianza del 95% fueron: LT =1.84 (±’21) + 1.13 (± 0.02) LS; Lt = 0.74 (± 0.29) + 1.10(± 0.02) LH y LH = 1.47 (± 0.18) + 0.99(± 0.01) LS. La mortalidad total (Z) fue estimada en 1.97 (± 0.13) año –1 , la mortalidad natural (M) en 0.84 año –1 y la mortalidad por captura (F) se calculó en 1.13 año -1 con 95% de confianza para los tres valores. La talla con que la yalúa es reclutada a al pesquería (Lc) es de 14.4 cm LT, mientras que la talla media de captura (TMC) es de 15.5 cm LT. Los valores estimados para L¥ y K permiten afirmar que es un pez de longevidad y tasa de crecimiento medios. 42% (708 individuos)

de la captura de efectuó por debajo de la talla mínima recomendada (15.4 cm LT, 12.0 cm LS) para la cuenca del Sinú; porcentaje que se eleva ligeramente (43.9%) al considerar al TMC estimada en este trabajo. La talla media de captura (TMC) estimada por el INPA ha venido mostrando valores alternantes desde años anteriores, al igual que la captura, lo que permite inferir que se esté convirtiendo en especie reemplazo de las tradicionalmente comercializadas. Además, en la época seca del año en estudio (2000) se capturaron individuos con tallas muy pequeñas que no llegaron a los puertos de desembarco y/o comercialización, siendo utilizados como pesca de subsistencia; lo que sí se observa en Lorica durante los años 2001 y 2002, concuerda con otros autores.
Lo anterior, sumado a que la tasa de explotación fue estimada en 0.57, permite inferir que hay sobre-pesca sobre el recurso. Teniendo en cuenta las alteraciones que ha venido sufriendo la cuenca desde hace años, y especialmente en el 2000, se infiere que la dinámica poblacional de la especie en estudio ha sido afectada. Por lo tanto, se debe introducir el ordenamiento de su pesquería en el mediano plazo teniendo en cuenta que la yalúa es la cuarta especie en importancia comercial en la Cuenca del Rió Sinú.
Aspectos reproductivos del cladocero Moinodaphnia sp. en condiciones de laboratorio.
Authors: Prieto G. Martha
Published: August 2019

Realizar un cultivo experimental de cladócero Moina sp alimentado con Ankistrodesmus sp y Saccharomyces cereviseae. Fueron realizados cultivos experimentales de la cepa de cladóceros Moina sp en el laboratorio de Alimento Vivo de la Universidad de Córdoba, bajo condiciones controladas de temperatura (22°C), pH (7.6), intensidad lumínica (2000 lux) y aireación. Se emplearon dos dietas de alimento como tratamiento (Ankistrodesmus y Ankistrodesmus mas Saccharomyces cereviseae) en concentración de 40 x 105 cel.ml-1 cada uno, para determinar su efecto sobre el desempeño de la población. Diariamente se registró la densidad poblacional y celular. Se obtuvieron diferencias significativas para el efecto de las dietas sobre el crecimiento poblacional de los cladóceros, los individuos alimentados con Ankistrodesmus sp + Saccharomyces cereviseae alcanzaron una densidad de 12.3a ±0.30 org/ml-1 presentando mayor tasa instantánea de crecimiento (K) 0.36 ± 0.002, el menor tiempo de duplicación (td) 1.94 ± 0.012 y el mayor rendimiento (r) 1,1 ± 0.07 clad.ml-1.día-1. Los cladóceros por sus características de crecimiento en cultivo, presentan adaptación favorable a las condiciones de manejo para la producción de biomasas potencialmente útiles como partícula nutritiva con fines acuícolas.
Efecto de tres diferentes fracciones de peso molecular alto del medio condicionado por células BRL en el desarrollo embrionario bovino in vitro.
Authors: Salgado O. Roger , Barrera V. José , Correa Q. Samuel , Estrada L. Luzardo
Published: August 2019

Para investigar la presencia de factores embriotróficos en el medio condicionado por células BRL (MCBRL), tres fracciones de peso molecular alto (>1, >5 y >10 Kda.) del MCBRL fueron adicionadas al medio TCM-199. Los oocitos fueron extraídos por el método de corte de ovarios de vacas sacrificadas en matadero, fueron madurados en una tensión del 5% de C0 2 en aire a 39ºC por 24 horas en medio TCM-199 suplementado con suero de vaca en estro al 10%. Después de la maduración, los oocitos fueron lavados tres veces en medio TL-HEPES y transferidos a las gotas de fertilización. Los oocitos fueron fertilizados en gotas de 50 ml de medio TL-FERT bajo aceite mineral espermatozoides congelados-descongelados, seleccionados por Swim-up y capacitados con heparina. Después de 18 a 20 horas post-fertilización, los cigotos fueron cultivados en MCBRL (control), fracción >1, >5 y >10 KDa. Las diferentes fracciones del MCBRL incrementaron la proporción de embriones que alcanzaron el estado de divididos (2- 8 células) después de tres días de cultivo (61-75%). La mayor proporción de embriones divididos fue alcanzada en la fracción > de 10 KDa. El desarrollo embrionario al estado de mórula/blastocisto no mostró diferencias significativas en las diferentes condiciones de cultivo (p>0.05). El recuento de núcleos no mostró diferencias significativas (P>0.05) en las diferentes condiciones de cultivo, con recuentos promedio en el rango de 15-23 células por embrión. En conclusión, los resultados muestran que la remoción de factores de peso molecular bajo del MCBRL mejoran el desarrollo embrionario al estado de divididos, pero es deficiente para promover el desarrollo mórula/blastocisto
Detección de Escherichia Coli 0157: H7 en poblaciones porcinas, canal bovina y productos cárnicos en el departamento de Córdoba.
Authors: Piedrahita Diego , Márquez Tania , Máttar Salim
Published: August 2019

Escherichia coli 0157: H7 pertenece a uno de los virotipos enterohemorrágicos productores de Enfermedades Transmitidas por Alimentos (ETA). Se ha asociado con colitis hemorrágica, síndrome urémico hemolítico y púrpura trombocitopénica en seres humanos. El objetivo de este estudio fue el de establecer la presencia de Escherichia coli 0157:H7 en explotaciones porcinas tecnificadas y carne bovina del departamento de Córdoba. El estudio se llevó a cabo durante los meses de marzo y septiembre de 2001 en el Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas del Trópico (IIBT) de la facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia de la Universidad de Córdoba. Se procesaron 325 muestras fecales de porcinos, 100 muestras de canal bovina y 20 muestras de carne molida. El procesamiento microbiológico de los especimenes siguió protocolos estandarizados. Los resultados mostraron una frecuencia de aparición de Escherichia coli 0157: H7 de 4.6% en muestras fecales porcinas en el departamento de Córdoba, 2% en canales bovinas y 10% en carne molida. Los resultados de resistencia y sensibilidad a los antibióticos en las cepas de Escherichia coli 0157: H7 aisladas, muestran una sensibilidad del 100% a la ciprofloxacina, gentamicina, ampicilina sulbactam, amikacina, cefaclor y ampicilina. Se encontró una resistencia del 89.4% a la tetraciclina y 21% a trimetoprim sulfametoxasol. El trabajo permitió concluir que las frecuencias de aparición de Escherichia coli 0157: H7 en muestras coprológicas porcinas, canal bovina y productos cárnicos para consumo humano son altas en el departamento de Córdoba.
Aspectos ecológicos de la enfermedad de chagas en el oriente de Colombia
Authors: Angulo Silva Víctor Manuel
Published: August 2019

En el ciclo epidemiológico de la Enfermedad de Chagas o Tripanosomiasis Americana están involucrados muchas especies de diferentes ordenes de mamíferos e insectos triatominos en hábitats: silvestres, peridomésticos y domésticos. La transmisión de la endemia ha sido reportada en Colombia desde mediados del siglo XX, los estudios nacionales sobre distribución de triatominos, factores de riesgo e infección humana muestra más de 15 departamentos de la zona oriental del país con riesgo de transmisión 1,2,3,4 , aunque existe transmisión transfusional en otros departamentos 5 . A pesar de la magnitud de la endemia y los conocimientos existentes sobre su distribución, pocos son los estudios de las características de los nichos ecológicos de las diferentes especies de reservorios y de insectos triatominos involucrados en la transmisión, tampoco se conoce su comportamiento con relación a la población humana, cuales son las características de las poblaciones de T. cruzi que circulan en los diferentes eslabones de la cadena de transmisión y cuales son sus implicaciones epidemiológicas y patógenicas
Nutrient Management and Carbon Sequestration Potential of Rubber-based Intercropping system in Western Ghat Region of Karnataka
Authors: KANNUR SIDDAPPA , PATIL SJ , INAMATI SS
Published: August 2019

The present field experiment entitled ‘Nutrient management and carbon sequestration potential of the rubber-based intercropping system in Western Ghat region of Karnataka’ was conducted at farmers’ field of Harishi village of Soraba taluka of Shivmogga District, Karnataka, India during 2017 to 2019. The experiment was laid out in split-plot design with three replications. Two practices applied on rubber was the application of Farm Yard Manure (FYM) as an organic practice and NPK as inorganic practice and nine treatments consisting of different organic manures biofertilizers and NPK as inorganic fertilizer was applied on Bird’s Eye Chilli (BEC) grown as an intercrop. The results showed that application of NPK on rubber resulted in a maximum mean annual increment in basal diameter (0.56 cm) and crown diameter (0.28 m) in one-year-old rubber and height (0.77 m), basal diameter (0.62 m) crown diameter (0.21 m) in two-year-old rubber. Among nine treatment of BEC, application of NPK resulted in higher growth parameters of rubber at both age levels. Interactions were non-significant on all growth parameters. Age and different manures also influenced the carbon sequestration potential of the system. Hence the application of NPK may be recommended for cultivation of rubber.
A Survey on Abnormal Conformation of Horses in Patna District of Bihar
Authors: SINGH MK , SINGH NK , SINGH GD , TIWARI R , KUMAR A
Published: August 2019

A total of 90 horses were screened in the equine survey which included stud of Bihar military police, horses registered for treatment at the clinical complex of Bihar veterinary college Patna and at different veterinary hospitals and villages nearby Patna. Abnormal conformation in the forelimb and hind limb were recorded. The abnormal conformations were detected on the basis of outline of muscles, physical appearance and structures of bones of a horse. The horses were observed from poll to tail and down to gaskin for alignment of the vertebral column, straightness and symmetry. Abnormal conformation wasassessed by viewing the horse from the left side and assessing balance by comparing the head, neck and forelimb with the hind limb and croup. Out of 90 horses screened during the survey, eleven horses were detected with abnormal conformation, which was two toe-out, one toe-in, seven cow-hock and one bow leg. The bad conformations in forelimb were toe-out and toe-in. In toe-out base narrow condition was observed and toes were pointed away from each other which are one of the worst conformations of the forelimb. In toe-in condition, toes were pointed towards one another accompanied by the base narrow condition. The most common abnormal hind limb conformations were cow-hock and bow-leg. In cow-hock, the horses were base narrow up to hock and base-wide from hock downwards whereas in bowlegs the line drawn from tuber ischii did not bisect the legs.
Spatial Analysis of Water Resources Data in Selected Districts of Bihar
Authors: MANIBHUSHAN MANIBHUSHAN , AHMED AKRAM
Published: August 2019

The main aim of this study is to apply geographic information system (GIS) and data mining techniques to get the attribute data in a spatial and tabular form related to district wise availability of standing water bodies in their area and number of Bihar state. An analysis has been done on available spatial data and maps to get non-spatial/ tabular data, which are in a more easily understandable form. Data extracted district-wise related to area and number of standing water bodies according to their size of Bihar state. Study shows that the number and area of standing water bodies in Madhubani, East Champaran and Patna districts are 2185, 1753, 350 and 2355.42, 6752.36 and 8429.68 ham respectively. In this way, number and area of standing water bodies of other districts of Bihar are also extracted from geodatabases and digitized maps. This type of information is more useful than the spatial data because a common person is able to understand these tabular data and they can use this data for their own purposes. These data can be utilized by scientific personnel as well as farmers and that will be used in agriculture for better utilization of water resources to enhance agricultural productivity and income of farmers of Bihar state.
Developing a Digital Solution for Dengue Through Epihack: Qualitative Evaluation Study of a Five-Day Health Hackathon in Sri Lanka
Authors: Panchapakesan Chitra , Sheldenkar Anita , Wimalaratne Prasad , Wijayamuni Ruwan , Lwin May Oo
Published: August 2019

Background

Dengue is a mosquito-borne viral disease that has increasingly affected Sri Lanka in recent years. To address this issue, dengue surveillance through increasingly prevalent digital surveillance applications has been suggested for use by health authorities and the general public. Epihack Sri Lanka was a 5-day hackathon event organized to develop a digital dengue surveillance tool.

Objective

The goal of the research was to examine the effectiveness of a collaborative hackathon that brought together information technology (IT) and health experts from around the globe to develop a solution to the dengue pandemic in Sri Lanka.

Methods

Ethnographic observation and qualitative informal interviews were conducted with 58 attendees from 11 countries over the 5-day Epihack to identify the main factors that influence a collaborative hackathon. Interviews were transcribed and coded based on grounded theory.

Results

Three major themes were identified during the Epihack Sri Lanka event: engagement, communication, and current disease environment. Unlike other hackathons, Epihack had no winners or prizes and was collaborative rather than competitive, which worked well in formulating a variety of ideas and bringing together volunteers with a sense of civic duty to improve public health. Having health and IT experts work together concurrently was received positively and considered highly beneficial to the development of the product. Participants were overall very satisfied with the event, although they thought it could have been longer. Communication issues and cultural differences were observed but continued to decrease as the event progressed. This was found to be extremely important to the efficiency of the event, which highlighted the benefit of team-bonding exercises. Bringing expert knowledge and examples of systems from around the world benefited the creation of new ideas. However, developing a system that can adapt and cater to the local disease environment is important in successfully developing the concepts.

Conclusions

Epihack Sri Lanka was successful in bringing together health and IT experts to develop a digital solution for dengue surveillance. The collaborative format achieved a variety of fruitful ideas and may lead to more hackathons working in this way in the future. Good communication, participant engagement, and stakeholder interest with adaptation of ideas to complement the current environment are vital to achieve the goals of the event.
A Comparative Analysis of Business Model Notations
Authors: Yamamoto Shuichiro
Published: August 2019

Although there were many comparative literatures of Business Models, there were not clear comparison criteria. Therefore, these comparisons were fragmented based on different viewpoints. In general, questions on business models can be categorized by interrogatives. In other words, the interrogatives imply a set of key features of business model notations. The feature category of business models using the interrogative will provide a unified way to compare different business models. The paper first defines the fifteen key features of Business Model Notations with five interrogatives. Then we concretely compare typical Business Model Notations based on the key features. The result clarifies the difference of Business Model Notations by using the proposed comparison framework. The result also implies a method to choose appropriate business model notations by using a set of interrogatives which correspond to important questions on business models.
Juntas de acción comunal y pequeñas y medianas empresas – articulación para el desarrollo de actividades de responsabilidad social empresarial.
Authors: Barrera Lievano Jhony Alexander
Published: August 2019

Se presenta los resultados de una investigación realizada en una ciudad capital de América Latina que tuvo como eje principal el tema de responsabilidad social empresarial (RSE) en pequeñas y medianas empresas (PYME) y su desarrollo articulado a través de juntas de acción comunal (JAC). A 2018 no se identifican estudios similares. Para abordar éste tema se planteó desarrollar una investigación con metodología cuantitativa, de tipo exploratoria. Se aplicó encuesta a 59 dignatarios de las juntas de acción comunal, elegidos para el periodo 2016-2020, que dio como resultado identificar que un porcentaje inferior al 20% de las JAC.

participantes en el estudio, desarrollan actividades de RSE patrocinadas por PYME. Se identificó que el 70% de estas organizaciones consideran ser entes estratégicos para la canalización de recursos de las PYME para el desarrollo de actividades de RSE. Se determina que existen barreras a superar por parte de las JAC, principalmente relacionadas con el conocimiento y la comunicación. Finalmente se propone como futuras investigaciones indagar sobre el desarrollo o no de actividades de RSE por parte de las PYME en donde se desarrolló el estudio, y su conocimiento sobre el alcance que tienen las JAC.
Principales Determinantes Económicos del Consumo en Colombia 2000 - 2015
Authors: Cabrera Valverde Diana Gisell , Rosero Oliveros Tania Marcela , Riascos Hermosa Julio César
Published: August 2019

El propósito de este estudio reside en explicar las causas que han afectado el consumo en Colombia durante el periodo comprendido entre los años 2000 y 2015, esto de acuerdo con los modelos keynesianos, ciclo de vida e ingreso permanente de Milton Friedman.

Así, con base en la revisión de la literatura teórica y empírica, se analizaron dos variables relevantes: el ingreso a partir del PIB y la inflación tomada como el IPC, obteniendo como resultado que la variable más significativa para el estudio del consumo en Colombia es el ingreso, conclusión alcanzada mediante el uso de un modelo estadístico de aplicación multivariada no complejo. En consecuencia, se recomienda aliviar las cargas tributarias, dinamizar los subsidios y las inversiones en educación, al tiempo que controlar la tasa de interés para propiciar mejores niveles de consumo en el país.
El pensamiento político de Octavio Paz y Mario Vargas Llosa: América Latina en el mundo polarizado
Authors: Alburquerque Germán
Published: August 2019

Este artículo estudia el pensamiento de los escritores latinoamericanos Octavio Paz y Mario Vargas Llosa a la luz de los procesos políticos más decisivos de la segunda mitad del siglo XX: la Guerra Fría, la lucha del Tercer Mundo y, en el plano continental, el ciclo revolucionario, con sus éxitos y fracasos. Se analiza su pensamiento – y también su acción – con el propósito de constatar, primero, la globalización de los intelectuales latinoamericanos, y segundo, la singularidad de las ideas de ambos escritores, que muchas veces fueron contrarias a las del campo intelectual en general.
Da periferia insular às fronteiras do império: colonos e recrutas dos Açores no povoamento da América
Authors: Rodrigues José Damião
Published: August 2019

No contexto português, as gentes das ilhas atlânticas foram, por mais de uma vez, um recurso importante da monarquia para povoar e defender outras zonas periféricas do império português. Neste artigo, apresentamos as linhas gerais do povoamento do Norte (Pará e Maranhão) e do Sul (Santa Catarina e Rio Grande do Sul) do Brasil nos séculos XVII e XVIII com recurso a levas de colonos — os “casais” — e de recrutas originários dos Açores, um processo apenas interrompido pela independência do Brasil.
El impacto y la reelaboración de las ciencias económico-sociales de América Latina-Caribe en Sri Lanka: Estudio de 3 autores: Gamani Corea, Satchi Ponnambalam y Susantha Goonatilake
Authors: Devés Valdés Eduardo
Published: August 2019

Las ciencias económico-sociales de los 1960s y 1970s han constituido la producción eidética de América Latina-Caribe más reconocida en el mundo. La difusión de éstas fue amplia en diversas regiones, e incluso en lugares insospechados. Entre los numerosos países de África y Asia donde fueron reconocidas debe considerarse Sri Lanka. Teniendo en cuenta el impacto que las ciencias económico-sociales cepalino-dependentistas tuvieron en Sri-Lanka, se estudia la obra de 3 autores, Gamani Corea, Susantha Goonatilake y  Satchi Ponnambalam. Se intenta responder, en lo fundamental, a 2 preguntas: ¿Qué aspectos de estas ciencias económico sociales fueron los más recepcionados? Concluyéndose que: en cuanto a los autores más citados se encuentran Raúl Prebisch y André G. Frank; en cuanto a los idiomas, que claramente se recibió más la producción que se encontraba en inglés; y en cuanto al filtro, que recibieron las ideas que había filtrado previamente la comunidad intelectual anglosajona, dedicada a los estudios sobre el desarrollo. ¿Qué elaboraciones teóricas realizaron los srilankeses teniendo a estas ciencias-económico-sociales como insumos? Concluyéndose en dos niveles: el primero, referido a los cruzamientos realizados y allí se detectan tendencias provenientes de la economía del desarrollo, del tercermundismo, del socialismo africano; el segundo, referido a la manera de caracterizar (clasificar) los productos o nuevos sistemas eidéticos aparecidos y en este caso apuntar hacia lo que puede denominarse “teorías del desarrollo tercermundistas e identitarias”.
O projeto das ligas operárias do Rio Grande do Sul no início da República
Authors: Loner Beatriz Ana
Published: August 2019

Nos anos iniciais da República, o conjunto do bloco do trabalho, no estado gaúcho, tentou organizar-se para intervir politicamente, nacional e estadualmente, através das ligas operárias e da proposta de construção de um partido operário com expressão eleitoral. Esse projeto foi levado adiante principalmente pelas lideranças das três principais cidades gaúchas, Porto Alegre, Pelotas e Rio Grande. Entretanto, não conseguiram vencer os obstáculos que se antepuseram em seu caminho, em termos de organização, e também sofreram os efeitos da polarização partidária e, posteriormente, da guerra civil que devastou o estado, tendo o projeto fracassado, política e organizacionalmente, fechando-se também, após o período estudado, as possibilidades de uma participação independente dos trabalhadores na cena política gaúcha.