bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Identification of electrode short circuits during the electrolytic refining of copper based on heat radiation
Authors: Bazhin V. Yu. , Nguyen Huy Hoang
Published: October 2022

This study is aimed at improving the efficiency of monitoring and automated control over the technological state of electrolytic cells during copper refining using the recognition and identification of short circuits between the electrodes. Experimental works were performed on a laboratory bench consisting of two cells connected in series to the electrical circuit. The method of detecting short circuits is based on measuring infrared radiation using a scanning thermal imager (Оptris PI 400i / PI 450i) for determining areas with elevated temperatures of electrode and electrolyte surfaces. A short-circuit detection algorithm was developed and tested in MATLAB environment using the Image Processing Toolbox MATLAB functions. The proposed method for recognizing and identifying short circuits between the electrodes of an electrolytic cell is based on using a scanning digital thermal imager. This method allows a comprehensive assessment of the contact area, determination of both the start time of a short circuit and the degree of electrode heating in the short-circuit zone, as well as establishment of temperature values in all areas, including the electrolyte temperature in the entire volume of the cell. An algorithm for searching for short-circuit locations in an electrolytic cell is proposed. This algorithm involves the collection of data and its comparison for adjusting the inter-electrode distance, ensuring a stable energy mode for the entire electrolytic line, and determining the exact position of each cathode in the cell using the threshold processing of infrared images obtained by a thermal imager. It was established that timely identification of short circuit locations in the electrolytic bath (since the onset of a contact between the electrodes), as well as recording of the growth rates of a dendritic coalescence area and electrolyte temperature, ensure timely elimination of technological disturbances during the operation of electrolytic baths. Thus, the developed method of short circuit identification for comprehensive determination and recognition of the technological state of an electrolytic cell during the electrolytic refining of copper can be used to reach a stable energy mode with minimum deviations in the process temperature.
Study into the hydrolysis of polyhexamethylene guanidine hydrochloride
Authors: Ochirov O. S. , Stel’makh S. A. , Grigor’eva M. N. , Okladnikova V. O.
Published: October 2022

The development of new preparations for managing skin lesions is a task requiring a complex research approach. Thus, one promising direction consists in the creation of new bases for wound-healing drugs for external application. Chemical compounds that can be used as such bases include polymeric hydrogels, representing spatially cross-linked macromolecules that swell in a solvent. This property provides an opportunity to load hydrogels with drugs of both synthetic and herbal origin. A search for a gel-forming polymer acting not only as a drug carrier, but also as a healing agent presents a relevant research task. In a previous work, the authors obtained polyhexamethylene guanidine hydrochloride hydrogels by crosslinking terminal amino groups with formaldehyde. The conducted studies of the wound-healing capacity of the obtained hydrogels and compositions on their basis confirmed their comparability with such widely-used agents, as levomecol, bepanthene, etc. In addition, the obtained compositions were found to exhibit their own activity. Therefore, hydrogels based on polyhexamethylene guanidine hydrochloride can be used as a promising platform for drug design. In this work, the destruction products released during hydrolysis of the hydrogel under study were investigated. IR and UV spectroscopy methods were applied to evaluate the concentration of hydrogel destruction products over time. A mechanism of hydrogel destruction yielding the initial polyhexamethylene guanidine hydrochloride and formaldehyde in a gem-diol form is proposed.
Quantum chemical simulation of hydrogen adsorption in pores: A study by DFT, SAPT0 and IGM methods
Authors: Petrushenko I. K.
Published: October 2022

Hydrogen as a versatile energy carrier continues to attract research attention in the field of applied chemistry. One of the fundamental issues on the way to hydrogen economy is the difficulty of hydrogen storage. Physical adsorption of hydrogen in pores is a feasible and effective method of hydrogen storage. Among existing hydrogen-adsorbing materials, carbon nanostructures possess a number of advantages due to their high adsorption capacity, significant strength and low weight. In this work, we use the modern methods of quantum chemistry (DFT, SAPT0 and IGM) to study the adsorption of molecular hydrogen in a series of simulated slit-like carbon micropores with a distance between the walls of d = 4–10 Å, including the introduction of an H2 molecule into a pore, filling pores with these molecules and investigating the interactions between H2 molecules inside the pores. It was found that, depending on the value of parameter d, adsorbed hydrogen molecules form one (d = 6, 7 Å) or two layers (d = 8, 9, 10 Å) inside the pore. At the same time, for pores with small d values, high potential barriers to the introduction of H2 into a pore were observed. The decomposition of the interaction energy into components showed dispersion interactions to make a major contribution to the energy of attraction (72–82%). Moreover, an increase in the number of H2 molecules adsorbed in the pore decreases the significance of dispersion interactions (up to 61%) and increases the contribution of electrostatic and induction interactions to intermolecular attraction. Gravimetric density (GD) values were determined for pores with d = 6, 7, 8, 9, 10 Å, comprising 1.98, 2.30, 2.93, 3.25 and 4.49 wt%, respectively. It is assumed that the revealed peculiarities of hydrogen adsorption in pores will contribute to the use of carbon porous structures as a medium for hydrogen storage.
Application of anthocyanins as indicators for alkalimetric titration
Authors: Dryutskaya S. M. , Tolstenok I. V. , Yakusheva N. Yu.
Published: October 2022

Along with synthetic substances, various naturally-occurring pigments can response to pH variations in solutions by changing their colour. Such substances include, for example, anthocyanins. In this study, the possibility of applying a set of anthocyanins obtained from berry extracts as a potential acid-base indicator. This indicator can be a good alternative to the widely-used phenolphthalein test. Aqueous and alcoholic extracts derived from the fruit of ashberry, sea-buckthorn, lingonberry, blueberry, currant, blackberry, cranberry, rose hip, cherry and hawthorn plants were studied. The presence of anthocyanins in the test samples was confirmed by chemical and physicochemical methods of analysis, including qualitative tests, ascending thin-layer chromatography and direct spectrophotometry. Quantification of anthocyanins was carried out by pH-differential spectrophotometry. Compared to alcoholic extracts, aqueous berry extracts were found to contain anthocyanins in far lesser amounts. In order to compare the pH indicator potential of phenolphthalein and the studied set of anthocyanins, the content of ascorbic acid in the test samples was assessed by direct alkalimetry. A control experiment was performed using a 5% ascorbic acid solution for injection. The pH value of aqueous and alcoholic solutions of all berry extracts was determined by an instrumental procedure. The pH of the extracts ranged from 2.95 to 5.04. The content of the total amount of anthocyanins in aqueous and alcoholic extracts of blackberries, cranberries, black currants, blueberries and lingonberries in terms of cyanidin-3-glucoside was determined both quantitatively and qualitatively. A good agreement was achieved between the results of alkalimetric titration performed using phenolphthalein and the set of anthocyanins extracted from blackcurrant berries with 95% ethanol.
Application of scanning electron microscopy and IR spectroscopy for a timely evaluation of the morphology and chemical composition of bacterial films during batch cultivation
Authors: Faizullin D. A. , Kobelev A. V. , Klement’ev S. V. , Sirotkin A. S. , Rogov A. M. , Salnikov V. V. , Makshakova O. N. , Zuev Yu. F.
Published: October 2022

Bacteria most commonly exist in nature in the form of bacterial biofilms, i.e. associations of cells attached to a substrate surrounded by a polymer matrix. Research into biofilm formation and functioning is fundamental to the management of microbial associations in ecology, biotechnology and medicine. This task requires the development of analytical approaches capable of providing timely information throughout the life cycle of microbial communities at the same time as maintaining their intact structure. In this paper, we apply scanning electron microscopy and IR spectroscopy as rapid methods for analysing microbial biofilms. To this end, the growth kinetics of a Bacillus subtilis culture cultivated on a solid substrate for 24 h was comparatively studied by the methods of classical microbiology and biochemistry, electron scanning microscopy and Fourier-transform IR spectroscopy. The biofilm morphology was found to vary from a uniform settlement of planktonic cells over the substrate surface at the initial stage of growth (6 h) followed by the accumulation of the extracellular matrix and the formation of microcolonies at the exponential and stationary stage (12–18 h) and a gradual depletion of the matrix at the stage of cell death (24 h). The results of IR spectroscopy were established to agree well with those of biochemical studies, thereby demonstrating the potential of the method for a timely evaluation of the accumulation of proteins, polysaccharides and nucleic acids and for obtaining information about their structural state in the studied biofilm. It is concluded that scanning electron microscopy and Fourier-transform IR spectroscopy can be used for obtaining complementary information about the morphology and chemical composition of microbial biofilms during their cultivation.
Trichoderma spp. strains: growth and interaction at different temperatures
Authors: Pisarevskaia V. A. , Zhuravliova A. S. , Minich M. V. , Behbudzada N. B. , Shagaev A. A. , Markvichev N. S.
Published: October 2022

The paper examines the growth of Trichoderma spp. strains and their interaction at different temperatures. Trichoderma spp. is a genus of microscopic ascomycetes; these fungi belong to different ecosystems and are found in soil (rhizosphere). The study aims to analyze and compare the characteristics pertaining to the growth of Trichoderma species and the interaction between them. The experiments used the following media: a Czapek medium and a medium simulating plant root exudates (Cucumis sativus). The growth rate of Trichoderma spp. strains was determined at different temperatures. The use of a medium containing plant exudate models provided a different growth rate as compared to that obtained when using a rich growth medium; some variations in the macromorphology of colonies were also observed. The growth of Trichoderma longibrachiatum F2124 and Trichoderma viride F2001 strains was detected at 9 °С on the Czapek medium, while only the Trichoderma longibrachiatum F2124 strain was observed to grow on the medium simulating exudates. A significant growth inhibition was noted at 40 °С for all strains, except for Trichoderma longibrachiatum species. No colony growth was observed at 50 °С. All the strains grew within the temperature range of 12 to 28 °С. It was assumed that Trichoderma species growing in various media may interact differently with each other. Interaction between the three strains of Trichoderma spp. was examined via the surface culture method under different temperature conditions. The study found no significant differences in the interaction between the Trichoderma species.
Endogenous phthalates as a prospective regulator of interspecific relations in a biocoenosis
Authors: Maksimova L. A. , Shafikova T. N.
Published: October 2022

It is widely believed that phthalates are xenobiotic pollutants whose prevalence in the environment is associated with their facilitated diffusion from plastic materials. Studies into the effect of synthetic phthalates on living organisms revealed their extremely negative action on the metabolism of animals and humans. The acting mechanism of these compounds is realised through a ligand-receptor pathway. Along with dioxins, polychlorinated biphenyls and similar compounds, phthalates are classified as endocrine disrupters. However, at present, sufficient evidence has been accumulated confirming the natural origin of phthalates. Thus, phthalates were de novo biosynthesised from labelled precursors in an algae culture. These compounds were detected in closed experimental systems, including cell cultures of highest plants, as well as those isolated from a number of bacterial, fungi, lowest and highest plant forms located far from the sources of technogenic pollution. The concept of phthalate biogenesis assumes the action of these compounds on living systems. Phthalates exhibit bactericidal and fungicidal action and compose allelopathic exudates, suppressing the growth of competing plant forms. Phthalates possess insecticidal and repellent properties. An analogy can be traced between the action of phthalates and endocrine disrupters of another chemical category, namely phytoestrogens, which regulate herbivorous mammal populations. A hypothesis is proposed about the biological role of endogenous plant phthalates representing secondary metabolic compounds. Exhibiting predominantly a shielding function, these compounds participate in the network of interactions between plants, animals, fungi and microorganisms. It should be noted that synthetic and endogenous phthalates are characterised by essential stereochemical differences, which can explain their different action on living organisms.
Nanostructured minerals developed to be used as fertilizers: biosafety evaluation
Authors: Degtyareva I. A. , Babynin E. V. , Prishchepenko E. A.
Published: October 2022

Natural zeolites are effectively used as fertilizers, substrates, and pesticide carriers, as well as sorbents in the remediation of contaminated soils. Since nanostructured minerals exhibit unique physicochemical properties, they must be tested for toxicity and genotoxicity prior to their use in practice. The mutagenic and antimutagenic properties of a nanostructured water-zeolite suspension were first tested using two bacterial test systems: Ames test and SOS-lux test. According to the obtained data, the nanostructured water-zeolite suspension exhibits no mutagenic activity within the analyzed concentration range (0.75–400 µg/mL). In order to assess the antimutagenic activity of the nanostructured water-zeolite suspension, different types of mutagens were selected: mitomycin C, ethyl methanesulfonate, 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine, as well as DNA-damaging agents (ofloxacin and hydrogen peroxide). A significant antimutagenic effect of the nanostructured water-zeolite suspension at 200 μg/mL was shown against mitomycin C in the SOS-lux test (50.0% inhibition of mutagenic activity) and 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine in the Ames test (62.0% inhibition). For the other mutagens, a weak antimutagenic effect was observed (17.0% for ethyl methanesulfonate), while no antimutagenic effect was reported for ofloxacin and hydrogen peroxide. These differences can be attributed to the negative charge in zeolites, meaning that they can capture only positive (or neutral) molecules. Therefore, the antimutagenic effect of the nanostructured water-zeolite suspension depends on the charge of the mutagen molecule. According to the obtained results, the nanostructured water-zeolite suspension can be considered environmentally friendly, which allows it to be used for agro-industrial purposes as a fertilizer in the production of crops.
UV irradiation testing of biodiesel from the Alhagi oil and diesel-biodiesel mixtures
Authors: Guliyeva S. G. , Mamedov I. G.
Published: October 2022

The chemical stability of fuels is one of the key factors in ensuring the proper operation of combustion engines. Progressive destruction of components of diesel-biodiesel fuels during storage and transportation can adversely affect their physical and chemical parameters. Besides, the destruction of petroleum products under sunlight and the formation of toxic compounds have ecological importance. The purpose of the presented work is to investigate the influence of UV irradiation (λ = 300–450 nm) on the chemical content of petroleum diesel and B5, B10, B20, B50, and B100 fuel blends for the 24 h. As biodiesel, the product of transesterification of non-edible Alhagi oil with methanol was used. Chemical changes after irradiation were controlled by the BRUKER FT NMR spectrometer. The relationship between changes in the chemical composition and important physicochemical parameters (density, viscosity, flash point, and cetane index), before and after photochemical destructions was discussed. Based on the obtained results, it was determined that the B20 fuel mixture has more chemical stability after UV irradiation than conventional diesel and other diesel-biodiesel mixtures.
Study on thermal decomposition and enrichment quality of coal from Mogoin gol deposit in Mongolia
Authors: Batkhishig D. , Shagjjav E. , Batbileg S. , Ankhtuya A. , Purevsuren B.
Published: October 2022

The main purpose of this study is to investigate the thermal stability and the mechanism of thermal decomposition of Mogoin gol coal, the possibility of liquefaction by pyrolysis and thermolysis, and the possibility of enriching by heavy liquids to reduce the mineral content of coal and improve its quality. Under this purpose, the Mogoin gol coal was characterized by proximate and ultimate analysis, thermogravimetry, and investigated its thermal decomposition (thermolysis and pyrolysis). Thermogravimetric analysis was performed using Japanese HITACHI TG/DTA7300 instrument and pyrolysis investigation was carried out at different heating temperatures 200–700 °C with constant heating rate 20 °C/min for 80 min. On the basis of proximate and elemental analysis results, it has been indicated that the Mogoin gol coal is high-rank coking coal. The pyrolysis of Mogoin gol coal was studied by SNOL furnace at different heating temperatures and obtained from pyrolysis products such as hard residue, tar, pyrolytic water, and gas. From pyrolysis, the yield of pyrolysis tar (6.28 %) was highest at 700 °C. The experiment of thermal decomposition (thermolysis) was carried out in air closed autoclave at 350–450 °C and using hydrogen donor solvent (tetraline) with different mass ratios of coal and solvent (1:1.75; 1:1.5). In the thermolysis experiment, the yield of liquid product is highest with the coal-solvent ratio of 1: 1.5 at 450 °C.
Gendered Perception of Online University Learning of Stem Entrepreneurship During the Covid-19 Pandemic
Authors: Britton Dustin , Thermer Sara , Perez James A. , Montclare Jin Kim
Published: October 2022

Online educational experiences have exploded in popularity at the advent of the internet of things. Just as all forms before it, online learning has experienced implicit biases. With the abrupt lockdowns mandated by governments across the world, as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic, many educational institutions were thrust into an online learning environment with similarities and differences to the established online institutions already in place. Educational systems were forced to prepare and install methods of communication and instruction by using online resources such as online video calls and discussion forums. Here, we assess the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the Pre-Capstone Innovation Experience course at New York University, which provides entrepreneurship education in science, technology, engineering, and math (STEM) for undergraduates. Assessments captured between 2017 and 2020 from Pre-Capstone Innovation Experience participants demonstrate the gendered impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the learning of undergraduate students.
Soft drinks. Organoleptic analysis — a criterion for substantiation of expiry dates of products
Authors: Sevostyanova E. M. , Soboleva O. A. , Kovaleva I. L. , Gribkova I. N.
Published: October 2022

The paper considers the topicality of the development of methodological approaches to the method for accelerated aging of soft drinks on the market. Selection principles for the controlled indicators that essentially influence finished product quality are presented and the method for sample processing that allows modeling conditions of product spoilage is examined. The investigations enabled establishing the most important criteria (acetaldehyde content, sucrose transformation, CO2 concentration, organoleptic indicators) that allow predicting expiry dates of soft drinks by express methods. The comparative assessment of quality and safety of soft drinks in the conditions of “accelerated” and “natural” aging (over the shelf life with regard to the reserve ratio) by the selected criteria was carried out. The criteria parameters for tasting assessment of soft drinks that allow more correct assessment of nuance descriptors of a product were developed. It is shown that cyclic impact of temperature regimes (warmth 50 °C / cold 6 °C) during the exposure time of 30 days enables modeling soft drink storage over the shelf-life of 12 months in the conditions of natural aging. In this study, the expiry date was confirmed for the studied soft drinks based on plant raw materials and was established for drinks based on flavoring agents.
Method and metrological characteristics of measuring the mass fraction of monosodium glutamate in biological matrices
Authors: Knyazeva A. S. , Vostrikova N. L. , Kulikovskii A. V. , Utyanov D. A.
Published: October 2022

Over the last century the people’s mode of life and eating habits has dramatically changed: the people of developed countries began to consume fast food, and also started disorderly and frequent snacking. The production of dietary meals and the increase of food assortment, including food produced from low-quality ingredients, led to the manufacturer’s necessity to use a large number of functional ingredients, i. e. those that improve taste of the food. Monosodium glutamate (MSG) is one of the widely used additives. Monosodium L-Glutamate (E621) is the sodium salt of glutamic acid found in all protein foods; it is used throughout the world as a food flavor enhancer. The legislation of the Russian Federation limits the content of monosodium glutamate, or additive E621, in a food product. Due to the fact that the glutamic acid takes the major weight in the monosodium glutamate molecule, which molecule is naturally present in almost all food products, the weight of the molecule of the E621 additive was determined by content of this amino acid expressed in terms of monosodium glutamate. In connection with the foregoing, it became necessary to develop a method for the quantitative determination of the mass fraction of monosodium glutamate introduced into food during the production of food products. Within the framework of this research a new method for determining the share of added monosodium glutamate is proposed, which is not associated with the natural content of glutamic acid. The authors have developed a method for determining the mass fraction of monosodium glutamate in food products with the help of high performance liquid chromatography with precolumn derivatization. This research presents metrological assessment of the developed methodology, determines accuracy rates and reproducibility factors in two concentrations ranges. For a range of 0.1 to 1%, the reproducibility is set at 17% and the accuracy rate is set at 30%. For the range of 1–10%, the reproducibility is 6%, the accuracy rate is 10% respectively. Also, during the development of the method, the lower limits for the quantitative determination (Limit of Detection — LOD) and qualitative determination (Limit of Quantification — LOQ) of the method were calculated. LOQ was equal to 0.01% and LOD accounted for 0.1%. The method has successfully passed the metrological certification and is included in the Register of Measurement Methods of the Russian Federation. It can be used by accredited laboratories for assessment and control of food quality.
Composition of fatty acids in the muscle and fat tissue of young sheep
Authors: Orlova O. N. , Dmitrieva L. S. , Erochenko V. I. , Krichun L. V.
Published: October 2022

The article presents the results of studies of the content of fatty acids in the lipids of the muscle tissue of young rams, and the composition of fatty acid of the internal fat of young rams, obtained from purebred genotypes (Soviet merino) and crossbred sheep genotypes: Soviet merino x Dzhalginsky merino and Soviet merino x Stavropol variety. Sheep were raised by moderate fattening. For the purposes of research the control group of sheep was slaughtered at the age of 8 months. As a result of analyzing the composition of fatty acid in the samples of muscle tissue and internal fat of the considered animals, 13 and 11 fatty acids, respectively, were identified. The lipids of muscle tissue showed an increased share of saturated fatty acids (53.93–56.34%) in reference to the total composition of fatty acids. In all studied groups, the internal fat of young rams contained a large amount of saturated fatty acids: from 64.46 (purebred) to 67.71% (crossbred). The calculated atherogenicity indices of muscle tissue (IA = 0.99–1.18) and fat tissue (IA = 1.11–1.21) in all groups of animals were at a low level; thrombogenicity indices of muscle tissue (IT = 1.98–2.28) and fat tissue (IT = 2.97–3.71) proved to be higher.
Products of whole grain processing and prospects of their use in production of flour confectionery
Authors: Misteneva S. Yu.
Published: October 2022

Food products unbalanced by their composition that are included in a diet are one of serious causes of the onset and development of noncommunicable diseases in the whole world. At present, the tasks of extending the market of products created on the healthy nutrition principles are set at the state level. Production of flour confectionery, in particular biscuits, is an important part of the Russian food industry. The traditional assortment of biscuits and its existing classification by types and groups have almost one-hundred-year history, are recognizable and appreciated by all age categories. A large part of biscuits recipe composition is wheat flour of the highest grade. It conditions the low nutritional value of this product category. A targeted change in the recipe composition is an effective strategy for quality optimization of the existing food products. In this case, the main task facing producers is transformation of the nutrient composition with simultaneous maintenance of the structure, taste and traditionalism of a product. The paper examines the topical direction of food product improvement, including flour confectionery, namely, introduction into their composition of whole grain raw materials that contain a wide spectrum of wholesome substances: vitamins, minerals, dietary fibers, including beta-glucans, phenolic acids, tocols. It is shown that the use of whole grains and products made from them has a clinically proved effectiveness, reduces the risk of appearance of cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, cancer. The paper presents the recommended levels for consumption of whole grains and products based on them, norms of the physiological requirements in dietary fibers for children and adult population of the RF and different countries of the world, gives data on the content of B group vitamins, tocopherols, tocotrienols, nutritional and energy value of some whole grain products. The definitions of "whole grain", "whole grain food" and "food with whole grain ingredients" are considered. Several legislative aspects of production of enriched products in the RF are described.
pН-sensitive edible films based on the sodium caseinate/agaragar biocomposite
Authors: Novikova M. V. , Viroline K. E. , Nefyodov A. D. , Uspenskaya M. V.
Published: October 2022

In the modern world, shelf life extension of foods with a possibility of controlling their freshness and quality in real time is gaining increasing importance. To solve this task, the development of pH-sensitive films based on edible biopolymers with addition of anthocyans as a color indicator can be proposed. For this experiment, sodium caseinate/ agar-agar biocomposite films with different content of anthocyans from black carrot (Scorconera hispanica) in a range of 0 to 15 mass% in increments of 5 mass% were prepared. It was established that the anthocyan content did not affect the thickness and moisture content of the films; however, it significantly reduced their moisture absorption and transparence. Water vapor permeability of the biocomposite films increased with an increase in the content of the aqueous extract of anthocyans from black carrot, which can be linked with the formation of pores and microcracks in the biocomposite matrix. All films with anthocyans showed changes in color depending on the environmental pH, which intensities depended on the anthocyan content. Edible films based on the mixture of sodium caseinate and agar-agar can potentially be used in the food industry to determine freshness of foods, which spoilage results in pH changes.
Spin and Orbital Spectroscopy in the Absence of Coulomb Blockade in Lead Telluride Nanowire Quantum Dots
Authors: Gomanko Maksim , de Jong Eline J. , Jiang Yifan , Schellingerhout Sander G. , Bakkers Erik , Frolov Sergey
Published: October 2022

We investigate quantum dots in semiconductor PbTe nanowire devices.
Due to the accessibility of ambipolar transport in PbTe, quantum dots
can be occupied both with electrons and holes. Owing to a very large
dielectric constant in PbTe of order 1000, we do not observe Coulomb
blockade which typically obfuscates the orbital and spin spectra. We
extract large and highly anisotropic effective Landé g-factors, in
the range 20-44. The absence of Coulomb blockade allows direct readout,
at zero source-drain bias, of spin-orbit hybridization energies of up to
600 \muμeV.
These spin properties make PbTe nanowires, the recently synthesized
members of group IV-VI materials family, attractive as a materials
platform for quantum technology, such as spin and topological
qubits.
4857 SAYILI İŞ KANUNU KAPSAMINDAKİ İŞÇİNİN İŞ İLİŞKİSİ DEVAM EDERKEN REKABET ETMEME BORCU
Authors: KARADEMİR Artür
Published: October 2022

İş ilişkisi devam ederken işçinin rekabet etmeme borcu sadakat borcunun bir görünümüdür. TBK m.396/3’te işçinin rekabet etmeme borcu açıkça düzenlenmiş olmakla birlikte bu borcun kapsamı ve sınırlarının ne olduğu konusunda açık bir ifade bulunmamaktadır. Şu durumda, iş ilişkisi devam ederken işçinin rekabet etmeme borcunun kapsam ve sınırlarının yorum yoluyla tespit edilmesinde Anayasa’ya uygun yorum yönteminin işlevselleştirilmesi isabetli olur. Aynı yorum tarzı rekabet etmeme borcunun sözleşmeyle düzenlenmesi halinde de geçerlidir. Buna göre, bireysel veya toplu iş sözleşmeleriyle işçinin işvereniyle rekabet edemeyeceğinin düzenlenmesi durumunda, bu sözleşmesel kayıtların işçinin sözleşme özgürlüğüne müdahale ettiğinden hareketle, ilgili kayıtların her halde geçerli olacağı düşünülmemelidir. Ayrıca işçinin boş zamanlarında üstlendiği yan uğraşların iş ilişkisine olumsuz etkisi sadakat borcu çerçevesinden değil; daha ziyade iş görme borcunun kötü ifası çerçevesinden ele alınmalıdır. Bu sonuç, işçinin kişilik hakkına, dürüstlük kuralına ve anayasal güvencelere de uygundur. Aynı şekilde, rekabete hazırlık hareketleri de rekabet etmeme borcunun kapsamı dışındadır. Buna göre, faaliyete geçmemiş olmak kaydıyla rakip bir şirket kurulması da dâhil olmak üzere rekabete hazırlık hareketleri rekabet etmeme borcuna aykırı sayılmamalıdır.
The Effect of Room Temperature on the Spread of the Covid-19 Virus by Creating a Special Isolation Room with a Hot Temperature for Those Indicated as Medical Service Facilities
Authors: Anwar Hendi
Published: October 2022

During the Covid-19 pandemic, there were many alternatives to anticipate or anticipate through certain tools and media with less effectiveness and endanger the users, for example, a device that can be called a disinfecting chamber or "disinfection chamber". Quoted from CNN Indonesia, sourced from the WHO Indonesia Twitter account that not to spray alcohol or chlorine directly on the body, spraying such chemicals can be dangerous if exposed to clothing or mucous membranes (example: eyes, mouth) . Alcohol and chlorine can be used on the surface of the body with instructions or user guides. With an official statement from the world health organization directly that it can endanger health, there must be a breakthrough in new media that is safer for users . According to scientists from Aix-Marseille University in France, if the corona virus is exposed to high temperatures it can reduce the life span of the virus itself or can kill the virus itself at 92 degrees Celsius within 15 minutes (quoted from DetikHealt.com) . Giving heat to the room itself using heating by providing steam as in the sauna room and the interior elements are also applied special heat-resistant materials without compromising the safety and health of the users of the room . Then this room will be in health centers that move to handle patients who are examined and also useful for medical practitioners who treat patients . With a room that has a high temperature is expected to minimize the spread of the virus on an ongoing basis and neutralized our bodies outside of the virus in a safe way , because reported by various news , the specialists in internal medicine provide a statement that the virus that is outside the host or can be called a part of our body can last within 3 hours without handling such as washing hands using a handsanitizer or other treatments . The output of the research itself is a room with a hot temperature with wood material and the shape of the room adapts to the needs and existing literature, Then the benefits of this research can be realized a tool to inhibit the spread of the Covid-19 virus and can be used as much as possible for health workers and people who need it.

Key Word : Covid-19, Disinfection Chamber , Isolation Room
Virtual Sport Event Activities During Pandemic
Authors: Aprilia Hervina Dyah
Published: October 2022

The main objective of this study is to analyse the experiences of visitors and participants in accessing the virtual exhibition at the VR Duathlon Series TOBA 2020, which was taken place on September 26, 2020, at a location around Lake Toba, North Sumatra. This sports event is routinely held every year in different locations. However, it was carried out online during this pandemic to implement several activities such as exhibition information, competition activities, and tourism through virtual media. This research on virtual exhibitions completed using quantitative methods of analysing virtual reality from virtual reality application at sports events—the quantitative methods used by surveying 102 participants who accessed the virtual exhibition at the sporting event. This study stated that the completeness of the information regarding competition and tourism activities and the visual appearance of the environment from the virtual exhibition had a considerable influence on participants who accessed the virtual exhibition. The participants who access the virtual exhibition shown a desire to visit the event location after accessing the online virtual exhibition. This result answers the question that the application of virtual reality in sports events can provide a different experience for participants accustomed to attending events offline but need a more realistic virtual appearance to simulate the environment where the event took place as a visual and tourism attraction.
The Effect of Endometrial Compaction During the Luteal Phase on Pregnancy Outcomes in Patients Undergoing Intrauterine Insemination
Authors: Cagli Fulya , Dolanbay Mehmet , Gulseren Varol , Kutuk Serhan , Karakus Savas , Basaran Kemal Erdem , Aygen Ercan
Published: October 2022

OBJECTIVE: Compression/thinning of the endometrial thickness with the effect of progesterone during the luteal phase of the menstrual cycle is defined as endometrial compaction. This study aimed to show the effect of changes in endometrial thickness in the luteal phase of intrauterine insemination cycles on pregnancy outcomes.
STUDY DESIGN: Fifty-eight patients who were planned for intrauterine insemination were included in this prospective cohort study. The effect of the change between the patients' endometrial measurements on the day of trigger and the 7th day after intrauterine insemination on pregnancy outcomes were compared. Patients were divided into 3 groups according to endometrial thickness change. Those with an endometrial thickness change of less than 5% were called the no change group (n=18). The groups with endometrial thickness decreasing more than 5% (n=9) and increasing (n=31) formed the other two groups. In addition, the effect of luteal phase support on endometrial compaction was investigated.
RESULTS: The highest pregnancy rate (55.6%) was observed in the group with more than 5% endometrial thinning. It was found to be 16.7% in the group without change and 19.4% in the group with an increased endometrial thickness (p=0.045). endometrial compaction and pregnancy rates were higher in the group given oral dydrogesterone for luteal support compared to those using vaginal micronized progesterone.
CONCLUSION: Endometrial compaction increases clinical pregnancy in intrauterine insemination cycles. Further studies are necessary to confirm the results of this study.
Does the urban poor want water service improvement? Residents’ preferences for future water service supply in the Central Rift Valley of Ethiopia
Authors: Entele Birku Reta
Published: October 2022

Access to clean and adequate drinking water supply has a significant contribution to public health and the economies of developing nations. However, leaders in developing countries continue to experience challenges in their attempt to provide citizens access to safe drinking water. This study examines residents’ preferences for improved water service supply attributes in the Central Rift Valley of Ethiopia. Using a conjoint experiment survey from 450 residents, the study estimates part-worth valuation for each attribute and shows that preference for future water service is heterogeneous. Finally, the researchers confirmed that the resident is willing to pay up to 75% surcharges on their current bill for improved drinking water supply.
Available online sensors can be used to create fingerprints for MABRs that characterize biofilm limiting conditions and serve as soft sensors
Authors: Yang Cheng , Houweling Dwight , He Huanqi , Daigger Glen T.
Published: October 2022

Membrane aerated biofilm reactors (MABRs) are a promising biological wastewater treatment technology, whose industrial applications have dramatically accelerated in the last five years. Increased popularity and fast industrial adaptation are coupled with increased needs to monitor, optimize, and control MABRs with available online sensors. Observations of commercial scale MABR installations have shown a distinctive and repetitive pattern relating oxygen purity in MABR exhaust gas to reactor ammonia concentrations. This provides an obvious opportunity for process monitoring and control which this paper investigates with the help of modeling. The relationship plots between the bulk ammonia concentration and the oxygen purity are defined as MABR fingerprint plots, which are described in the form of steady-state curves and dynamic trajectories. This study systematically investigated, analyzed, and explained the behaviors and connections of steady-state curves and dynamic trajectories with a MABR model in SUMO®, and proposed a hypothesis about utilizing the MABR fingerprint plots to characterize MABR system performance, identify the limiting factor of biofilms, and possibly develop a soft senor for MABR biofilm thickness monitoring and control.
Oleamide: An Endogenous Sleep-inducing Lipid and Prototypical Member of a New Class of Biological Signaling Molecules
Authors: Boger Dale L. , Henriksen Steven J. , Cravatt Benjamin F.
Published: October 2022

Oleamide is an endogenous fatty acid primary amide that accumulates in the cerebrospinal fluid under conditions of sleep deprivation and induces physiological sleep in animals. A review covering its discovery, its implications, and the emerging biology surrounding its discovery is presented. Consistent with its role as a prototypical member of a new class of biological signaling molecules, enzymatic regulation of endogenous concentrations of oleamide have been characterized or proposed. Fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH) is an integral membrane protein that degrades oleamide and potent inhibitors with physiological sleep-inducing properties have been disclosed. The characterization, cloning, and neuronal distribution of FAAH have been detailed and the enzyme was found to possess the ability to hydrolyze a range of fatty acid amides including anandamide which serves as the endogenous ligand for the cannabinoid receptor. An additional endogenous substance with REM sleep-inducing properties, 2-octyl y-bromoacetoacetate, was characterized as a potent FAAH inhibitor. Oleamide has been shown to modulate serotonergic neurotransmission and inhibit intercellular gap junction communication and detailed studies of its well defined and selective structural features required for activity have been disclosed.
Discovery of Ascomycin Analogs with Potent Topical but Weak Systemic Activity for Treatment of Inflammatory Skin Diseases
Authors: Mollison Karl W. , Fey Thomas A. , Gauvin Donna M. , Sheets Michael P. , Smith Morey L. , Pong Melissa , Krause Ruth , Miller Loan , Or Yat Sun , Kawai Megumi , Wagner Rolf , Wiedeman Paul E. , Clark Richard F. , Gunawardana Indrani W. K. , Rhoades Teresa A. , Henry Cynthia L. , Tu Noah P. , BaMaung Nwe Y. , Kopecka Hana , Liu Luping , Xie Qinghua , Lane Benjamin C. , Trevillyan James M. , Marsh Kennan , Carter George W. , Chen Yung-Wu , Hsieh Gin C. , Luly Jay R.
Published: October 2022

Drug therapy for the major inflammatory skin diseases, which include atopic dermatitis, psoriasis and allergic contact dermatitis, is often inadequate due to poor efficacy, toxicity, or both. Much research has focused on the macrolactam T cell inhibitors as a promising new class of agents for immunotherapy, and medicinal chemistry efforts to design novel ascomycin analogs have produced clinically promising agents. A synthetic program to modify the ascomycin nucleus to alter its physicochemical properties and promote systemic clearance is described. A biologic screening strategy to identify analogs with reduced systemic activity and rapid phannacokinetic elimination led to identification of the clinical candidate, ABT-281. A swine contact hypersensitivity model was used as a stringent indicator of skin penetration as human doses of topical corticosteroids produced inhibition only in the 50% range and ED50 values were 100-fold less potent than in rat. Also, cyclosporine was confirmed to be topically inactive in swine, as seen in human. ABT-281 had topical potency equal to tacrolimus (FKS06) despit_e a severalfold lower potency for inhibiting swine T cells in vitro, consistent-with superior skin penetration. ABT-281 was found to have a shorter duration of action after i.v. dosing in monkeys using an ex vivo whole blood IL-2 production assay. Systemic potency was reduced by 30- fold or more in rat popliteal lymph node hyperplasia and contact hypersensitivity assays. Following i.v. or i.p. administration in the swine contact hypersensitivity model, ABT-281 was 19- and 61-fold less potent, respectively, than FK506. Pharmacokinetic studies showed that ABT-281 had a shorter half life and higher rate of clearance than FKS06 in all three species. The potent topical activity and reduced sytemic exposure of ABT- 281 may thus provide both efficacy and a greater margin of safety for topical therapy of skin diseases.
Bioinformatics Analysis to Identify Intersection Genes, Associated Pathways
and Therapeutic Drugs between COVID-19 and Oral Candidiasis
Authors: Yang Liuqing , Yang Nan , Huang Handan , Yu Jinling , Sui Xin , Tao Lu , Gao Ying , Liu Zhihui
Published: October 2022

Background:

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by severe acute respiratory
syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), has a serious threat to human health. Oral candidiasis
(OC) may be one of the causes of morbidity in severe COVID-19 patients. However, there is currently
no treatment for oral candidiasis and COVID-19 (OC/COVID-19). The purpose of this study
was to use text mining and data analysis to investigate the target genes for treatment and explore
potential therapeutic drugs for OC/COVID-19.

Methods:

We used the text mining tool pubmed2ensembl to detect genes associated with OC, and
the dataset GSE164805 was used for the data analysis. Then, Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia
of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analyses were performed on two intersection genes using
the Database of Annotation, Visualization and Integrated Discovery (DAVID) platform. The
protein-protein interaction (PPI) networks were constructed by STRING software, and gene module
analysis was performed using Molecular Complex Detection (MCODE), a plug-in in Cytoscape.
The most significant genes were selected as hub genes and their functions and pathways
were analyzed using Metascape. We revealed the upstream pathway activity of the hub genes. The
drug-gene interaction database (DGIdb) and the traditional Chinese medicines integrated database
(TCMID) were used to discover potential drugs for the treatment of OC/COVID-19.

Results:

The analysis indicated that there were 2869 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in
GSE164805. We identified 161 unique genes associated with oral candidiasis through text mining.
A total of 20 intersection genes were identified as the therapeutic targets for OC/COVID-19. Based
on the bioinformatics analysis, nine genes (TNF, IL1B, IFNG, CSF2, ELANE, CCL2, MMP9,
CXCR4, and IL1A) were identified as hub genes that were mainly enriched in the IL-17 signaling
pathway, TNF signaling pathway, AGE-RAGE signaling pathway in diabetic complications and
NOD-like receptor signaling pathway. We identified four of the nine genes that target five existing
drugs, including BKT140, mavorixafor, sivelestat, canakinumab, and rilonacept. Furthermore,
twenty herb ingredients were also screened as potential drugs.

Conclusion:

In this study, TNF, IL1B, IFNG, CSF2, ELANE, CCL2, MMP9, CXCR4, and IL1A
were potentially key genes involved in the treatment of OC/COVID-19. Taken together five drugs
and twenty herb ingredients were identified as potential therapeutic agents for OC/COVID-19
treatment and management.