bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Bound-state effects for dark matter with Higgs-like mediators
Authors: Biondini S.
Published: June 2018

Abstract

In this paper we study the impact of a scalar exchange on the dark matter relic abundance by solving a plasma-modified Schrödinger equation. A simplified model is considered where a Majorana dark matter fermion is embedded in a U(1)′ extension of the Standard Model and couples with a dark Higgs via a Yukawa interaction. We find that the dark-Higgs exchange can increase the overclosure bounds significantly. For the largest (smallest) value of the Yukawa coupling examined in this work, the dark matter mass is lifted from 5 TeV (0.55 TeV) to 27 TeV (0.70 TeV).
Lineament Mapping over Sir Creek Offshore and its Surroundings using High Resolution EGM2008 Gravity Data: An Integrated Derivative Approach
Authors: Kumar Ujjawal , Pal S. K. , Sahoo Soumyashree Debasis , Narayan Satya , Saurabh  , Mondal Subhendu , Ganguli Shuva Shankha
Published: June 2018

The present study deals with the delineation of lineaments over Sir Creek offshore and its surroundings from EGM2008 gravity data using various derivative techniques owing to their cost-effectiveness in prospective hydrocarbon exploration. Initially, 2-D and 3-D synthetic models have been generated with vertical prismatic objects at different depths. The effectiveness of total horizontal derivative (THD) technique has been established by comparing with E-W and N-S Horizontal derivatives and First Vertical derivative techniques. The residuals of Bouguer gravity data have been estimated with different cut-off wavelengths. Further, the residual anomaly map has been enhanced by the derivative techniques for the delineation of the structural features. Possible depths of the delineated lineaments have been estimated using Euler deconvolution of the Bouguer gravity data, which indicates maximum clustering over the delineated lineaments. It is observed that most of the lineaments are in the depth range of 1.0 km to 5.5km, which correlate well with the previous seismic studies. The present study reveals that the major lineament trends in the N-S, E-W and NNW-SSE directions followed by NE-SW, NW-SE and ENE-WSW directions. These major lineament trends are due to the tectonic activities occurred during Precambrian and Cretaceous period. Different small circular features, rectangular features and shorter wavelength features have also been identified, which could be the key parameter for mapping potential location for hydrocarbon exploration.
The Role of the Body Clock in Asthma and COPD: Implication for Treatment
Authors: Krakowiak Karolina , Durrington Hannah J.
Published: June 2018

Asthma exhibits a marked time of day variation in symptoms, airway physiology, and airway inflammation. This is also seen in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), but to a lesser extent. Our understanding of how physiological daily rhythms are regulated by the circadian clock is increasing, and there is growing evidence that the molecular clock is important in the pathogenesis of these two airway diseases. If time of day is important, then it follows that treatment of asthma and COPD should also be tailored to the most efficacious time of the day, a concept known as ‘chronotherapy’. There have been a number of studies to determine the optimal time of day at which to take medications for asthma and COPD. Some of these agents are already used ‘chronotherapeutically’ in practice (often at night-time). However, several studies investigating systemic and inhaled corticosteroids have consistently shown that the best time of day to take these medications for treating asthma is in the afternoon or early evening and not in the morning, when these medications are often prescribed. Future, large, randomized, placebo-controlled studies of systemic and inhaled corticosteroids in asthma and COPD are needed to inform clinical practice.

Digital Features

This article is published with a graphical abstract to facilitate understanding of the article. To view digital features for this article go to the Supplementary Information of the article.
Helicobacter pylori and the risk of dementia: A population‐based study
Authors: Fani Lana , Wolters Frank J. , Ikram M. Kamran , Bruno Marco J. , Hofman Albert , Koudstaal Peter J. , Darwish Murad Sarwa , Ikram M. Arfan
Published: June 2018

Introduction

Helicobacter pylori infection might increase risk of dementia, but available evidence is inconsistent, and longitudinal studies are sparse. We investigated the association between H. pylori serology and dementia risk in a population‐based cohort.

Methods

Between 1997 and 2002, we measured H. pylori serum IgG titers in 4215 nondemented participants of the Rotterdam Study with a mean age of 69 years. We determined the association between H. pylori at baseline and dementia incidence until 2015, per natural log (U/mL) increase in titer, and for seropositive/seronegative, using Cox models adjusting for cohort, sex, age, education, and cardiovascular risk factors.

Results

During a median follow‐up of 13.3 years, 529 participants developed dementia, of which 463 had Alzheimer's disease. H. pylori was not associated with risk of dementia (hazard ratio [95% confidence interval] for antibody titer: 1.04 [0.90–1.21]; for seropositivity 1.03 [0.86–1.22]), or Alzheimer's disease.

Discussion

In this community‐dwelling population, H. pylori was not associated with dementia risk.
Prognostic factors of patients with gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasms
Authors: Huang Pao‐Yuan , Tsai Kai‐Lung , Liang Chih‐Ming , Tai Wei‐Chen , Rau Kun‐Ming , Wu Keng‐Liang , Huang Chao‐Cheng , Chuah Seng‐Kee
Published: June 2018

There is an increasing trend in the incidence of gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasms (GEP‐NENs) worldwide. The aim of the present study was to identify the prognostic factors of patients with GEP‐NENs. A cross‐sectional, retrospective chart review study was conducted among patients with pathologically proven GEP‐NENs between January 2003 and December 2016 at Kaohsiung Chung‐Gung Memorial Hospital. A total of 97 patients who met the inclusion criteria were included (male/female = 56/41, age: 57.7 ± 15.4 years). The presentation, clinical characteristics, and disease outcomes were reviewed and analyzed. The most common primary site of the GEP‐NENs was the rectum (49.5%), followed by the pancreas (17.5%), duodenum (11.3%), stomach (10.3%), colon (6.2%), and appendix (5.2%), and most GEP‐NENs were hormonally nonfunctional (94.8%). There were 56 tumors classified as G1 neuroendocrine tumors (NETs), 9 as G2 NETs, and 14 as G3 neuroendocrine carcinoma (NEC). Metastasis was found in 15 patients (15%). Curative treatments, such as surgery or endoscopic resection, were performed in 83.5% of patients (n = 81). The mean overall survival duration was 107.2 ± 7.8 months. The estimated 3‐ and 5‐year overall survival rates for all patients were 84% and 82%, respectively. Logistic regression analysis showed that large tumor size, non‐rectal NENs, high histopathological grading, lymphatic metastases and distant metastases were associated with poor survival. This study suggested that the presence of lymphatic or distant metastases at diagnosis is an independent risk factor for poor prognosis in patients with GEP‐NENs.
On value and using of TAWS/FMS alert data in examination of air accidents, the case of Warsaw-Smolensk flight on 10 April 2010
Authors: Ziółkowski Andrzej , Skłodowski Marek
Published: June 2018

Through an analysis of TAWS/FMS data collected and registered during the last minute of TU-154M aircraft flight from Warsaw to Smolensk, we show the value and existence of space for undertaking research works on enhancing standard functionality of TAWS/FMS systems to enable their effective use in examination of the course and causes of air accidents. The flight ended up in the total destruction of the aircraft and the death of all passengers and crew on board. The TAWS/FMS flight altitudes and spatio-temporal data, i.e. geographical location and speed of the aircraft motion, were inspected for their internal and external consistency with the data from the ATM QAR service recorder. Using the data from ATM QAR, records from the cockpit voice recorder (CVR), jointly with data from the TAWS/FMS systems, it was possible to reconstruct the most probable horizontal and vertical trajectory of the TU-154M aircraft during the last minute of flight before its complete destruction, as well as the likely scenario of accompanying events. The data available from recorders enabled the authors to gain information on the preliminary stage of the course of accident, and the first phase of the aircraft's destruction, resulting in serious damage of the left wing of the aircraft. Enhanced standard functionality of TAWS/FMS systems, incorporating use of their data in the post-accident situations examination, would have improved results and simplified the present analysis considerably.
The effects of organizational controls on innovation modes: An ambidexterity perspective
Authors: Wang Ting , Yang Jianjun , Zhang Feng
Published: June 2018

Some critical limitations of prior research on organizational controls stem from the scant theory identifying the coexistence of contradictions and interrelations between differing organizational controls and exploring how the contradictory but interrelated controls affect innovation modes. To address this gap, this research links Hitt’s internal control system framework and the ambidexterity perspective by building on their focus on the interplay and tensions between different organizational controls. Using survey data from 182 Chinese firms in innovation-intensive industries, the results show that besides the independent use of strategic control, both the combined and balance use of strategic and financial controls are important for internal innovation. For firms specializing in cooperative innovation, however, financial control is more effective, and the combined use of strategic and financial controls has negative effect on cooperative innovation. These findings contribute to our understanding of organizational control itself and its connection to the ambidexterity perspective and innovation theory.
Late Glacial and Holocene aeolian deposition and soil formation in relation to the Late Palaeolithic Ahrensburg occupation, site Geldrop-A2, the Netherlands
Authors: Kasse C. , Tebbens L.A. , Tump M. , Deeben J. , Derese C. , De Grave J. , Vandenberghe D.
Published: June 2018

The lithostratigraphy, age and human occupation of the Late Glacial and Holocene aeolian succession of a Late Palaeolithic Ahrensburg site in the excavation Geldrop-A2 (municipality of Heeze-Leende) have been investigated. The exposure revealed a stacked sequence of aeolian sand units and intercalated soils (Older Coversand II, Younger Coversand I (YCI), Usselo Soil, Younger Coversand II (YCII), Holocene podzol, drift sand). Fourteen optically stimulated luminescence dates on quartz and three radiocarbon dates provide the age control of the aeolian deposition (coversands, drift sand), landscape stability (soils) and human occupation. The upper part of the YCI unit was dated to the early Late Glacial. The well-developed Usselo Soil was formed during a phase of landscape stability during the late Allerød interstadial and onset of the Younger Dryas stadial. During the Younger Dryas, low aeolian dunes were formed locally (YCII), as a response to landscape instability due to cooling and vegetation decline. In the fine-grained lower part of the YCII unit an initial soil testifies to a decadal to centennial period of landscape stability. An Ahrensburg site in the upper part of this initial soil was dated at 10,915±35 BP (c. 12,854–12,789 cal BP). The lithostratigraphic position, radiocarbon dates of the underlying Usselo Soil and a possibly old-wood effect of up to 200 years suggest that Ahrensburg occupation of the dune environment occurred during the early Younger Dryas, shortly afterc. 10,750 BP (12,750 cal BP). Landscape stability and podzol soil formation dominated the early and middle Holocene periods. Drift-sand deposition, probably related to human land use and vegetation decline, occurred in a 200-year period from the 16th to the 18th centuries.
The Fields that Outlived the Celts: The Use-histories of Later Prehistoric Field Systems (Celtic Fields orRaatakkers) in the Netherlands
Authors: Arnoldussen Stijn
Published: June 2018

The Celtic field research programme of Groningen University involves research excavations of Dutch Celtic fields or raatakkers: embanked field plots thought to date to the Iron Age (c. 800 calbc–12bc). In this paper, detailed attention is given to (a) the palaeoecology of raatakkers; (b) the relationship between habitation and agriculture in such systems; and (c) their dating and use-life. Counter-intuitively, it is argued that the macro-remains from crops such as barley, wheat, millet, and flax recovered from Celtic field banks represent a non-local (settlement) signal rather than document local agricultural regimes. Palynological approaches, in which a more local signal can be preserved but which also show evidence for details of the agricultural regime such as manuring strategies and fallow cycles, are argued to be more appropriate avenues to study local agricultural strategies. A discussion of the relations between habitation and agriculture shows that house sites uncovered within Dutch Celtic fields are almost invariably placed in positions partly overlapping banks. Moreover, in most cases such settlement traces appear to date to the Middle or Late Iron Age, raising the question of where the initial farmers of the Celtic fields lived, as the communities planning and first using these Celtic fields probably pre-dated the Iron Age. A critical review of existing dates and discussion of new OSL and AMS dates has shown that bank construction of Dutch Celtic fields started around the 13th–10th centuries calbcand continued into the Roman era. The chronostratigraphies preserved in the banks testify to a sustainable agricultural regime of unprecedented time-depth: centuries of continued use make the system employing raatakkers the most enduring and stable form of farming known in the history of the Netherlands.
Effects of SCFA on the DNA methylation pattern of adiponectin and resistin in high-fat-diet-induced obese male mice
Authors: Lu Yuanyuan , Fan Chaonan , Liang Aimin , Fan Xiuqin , Wang Rui , Li Ping , Qi Kemin
Published: June 2018

Specific adipokines, such as adiponectin and resistin, are secreted from adipose tissue and are associated with the development of obesity. Supplementation of dietary SCFA can prevent and reverse high-fat-diet (HFD)-induced obesity. However, it is not clear whether SCFA ameliorate abnormal expression of adiponectin and resistin in the obese state. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of SCFA on adiponectin and resistin’s expressions in diet-induced obese mice, as well as the potential mechanisms associated with DNA methylation. C57BL/6J male mice were fed for 16 weeks with five types of HFD (34·9 % fat by wt., 60 % kJ) – a control HFD and four HFD with acetate (HFD-A), propionate (HFD-P), butyrate (HFD-B) and their admixture (HFD-SCFA). Meanwhile, a low-fat diet (4·3 % fat by wt., 10 % kJ) was used as the control group. The reduced mRNA levels of adiponectin and resistin in the adipose tissue of the HFD-fed mice were significantly reversed by dietary supplementation of acetate, propionate, butyrate or their admixture to the HFD. Moreover, the expressional changes of adiponectin and resistin induced by SCFA were associated with alterations in DNA methylation at their promoters, which was mediated by reducing the expressions of enzyme-catalysed DNA methyltransferase (DNMT1,3a,3b) and the methyl-CpG-binding domain protein 2 (MBD2) and suppressing the binding of these enzymes to the promoters of adiponectin and resistin. Our results indicate that SCFA may correct aberrant expressions of adiponectin and resistin in obesity by epigenetic regulation.
OBSERVING AND PRODUCING PITCH GESTURES FACILITATES THE LEARNING OF MANDARIN CHINESE TONES AND WORDS
Authors: Baills Florence , Suárez-González Nerea , González-Fuente Santiago , Prieto Pilar
Published: June 2018

This study investigates the perception and production of a specific type of metaphoric gesture that mimics melody in speech, also calledpitch gesture, in the learning of L2 suprasegmental features. In a between-subjects design, a total of 106 participants with no previous knowledge of Chinese were asked to observe (Experiment 1) and produce (Experiment 2) pitch gestures during a short multimodal training session on Chinese tones and words. In both experiments they were tested on (a) tone identification and (b) word learning. Results showed the positive effect of a training session with pitch gesture observation compared to a training session without it (Experiment 1) and the benefits of producing gestures compared to only observing them and repeating the words aloud (Experiment 2). A comparison of the results of the two experiments revealed that there was no significant difference between the simple observation of pitch gestures and the production of speech accompanied by pitch gestures in facilitating lexical tone identification and word learning. Thus, both perception and production tasks with pitch gestures can be regarded as beneficial learning strategies for the initial stages of tones acquisition in the Chinese as a Second Language classroom.
Afro-Cuban Folkloric Dance in the Age of Intellectual Property
Authors: Pautz Carolyn Renée
Published: June 2018

This article analyzes drafts put forth by the World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO) to examine the gaps that are created when institutions attempt to assign authorship of traditional knowledge and traditional cultural expressions to individuals and communities and how these gaps impact the use of folkloric dance in cultural institutions. The analysis produced via anthropological mappings of policy is underpinned with an examination of terminologies that circulate between fields of discourse, spiraling their way into public policies concerning marginalized peoples’ rights, economies of art, and intellectual property. This is followed by ethnographic accounts of Afro-Cuban folkloric dance classes, for it is in the dancing bodies that gaps between policies of authorship and the reality of unstable streams of transmission and reception materialize. By reproducing and circulating these unstable streams, combined with various legal doctrines put forth by WIPO, cultural institutions appropriate Afro-Cuban folkloric dance to commodify individuals and communities.
Poorer Visual Acuity Is Associated with Declines in Cognitive Performance Across Multiple Cognitive Domains: The Maine-Syracuse Longitudinal Study
Authors: Dearborn Peter J. , Elias Merrill F. , Sullivan Kevin J. , Sullivan Cara E. , Robbins Michael A.
Published: June 2018

Objectives: Prior studies have found associations between visual acuity (VA) and cognitive function. However, these studies used a limited range of cognitive measures and did not control for cardiovascular disease risk factors (CVD-RFs) and baseline function. The primary objective of this study was to analyze the associations of VA and cognitive performance using a thorough neuropsychological test battery. Methods: This study used community-dwelling sample data across the sixth (2001–2006) and seventh (2006–2010) waves of the Maine-Syracuse Longitudinal Study (n=655). Wave 6 VA as measured by the Snellen Eye Test was the primary predictor of wave 6 and wave 7 Global cognitive performance, Visual-Spatial Organization and Memory, Verbal Episodic Memory, Working Memory, Scanning and Tracking, and Executive Function. Additionally, VA was used to predict longitudinal changes in wave 7 cognitive performance (wave 6 performance adjusted). We analyzed these relationships with multiple linear and logistic regression models adjusted for age, sex, education, ethnicity, depressive symptoms, physical function deficits in addition to CVD-RFs, chronic kidney disease, homocysteine, continuous systolic blood pressure, and hypertension status. Results: Adjusted for demographic covariates and CVD-RFs, poorer VA was associated with concurrent and approximate 5-year declines in Global cognitive function, Visual-Spatial Organization and Memory, and Verbal Episodic Memory. Discussion: VA may be used in combination with other screening measures to determine risk for cognitive decline. (JINS, 2018, 24, 1–9)
Kenzō Tange's A Plan for Tokyo, 1960: a plan for urban mobility
Authors: Cho Hyunjung
Published: June 2018

This essay examines Kenzō Tange's visionary urban scheme, A Plan for Tokyo, 1960: Toward a Structural Reorganization (1961), in terms of its mobility rather than its much-discussed monumentality. The existing studies of this plan was too im-mersed in its unprecedented megalomaniac scale to pay sufficient attention to the fact that it was a complex design for urban mobility. While the issues of scale and speed might seem to be separate, in fact they are inextricably interconnected since the increasing speed and mobility brought about by new technology would make the existing human scale ob-solete and required the new scale of the machine. In this essay, I would like to revisit Tange's plan for Tokyo Bay as a highly nuanced plan for urban mobility. First, this essay defines A Plan for Tokyo, 1960 as a model city for an automobile society against the backdrop of Japan's rapid motorisation. Tange's unrealised urban scheme was driven by the architect's firm belief in mobility as a fundamental factor influencing the development of postwar Japanese economy and his strong ambition to provide a proper urban infrastructure for the efficient circulation of traffic. The essay then traces how Tange's interest in the visible network of transportation evolved into his preoccupation with the invisible networks of information flow by focusing on his Tokaido Megalopolis (1964), a colossal city that was organically connected by the linkup of physi-cal, social, and information networks. Although Tange's ambitious design was left only on paper and had little impact on the actual development of Tokyo, its historical im-plications lie in its radical configuration of a new concept of architecture and city not as hardware but as software in preparation for the nascent information society.
Diabetes management in the primary care setting: a comparison of physicians’ performance by gender
Authors: Buja Alessandra , Fusinato Riccardo , Claus Mirko , Gini Rosa , Braga Mario , Cosentino Mimma , Boccuzzo Giovanna , Francesconi Paolo , Baldo Vincenzo , Bellentani Mariadonata , Damiani Gianfranco
Published: June 2018

Background

A major shift in the gender of the medical-doctor workforce is now underway, and all over the world it is expected that an average 65% of the medical workforce will be women by 2030. In addition, an aging population means that chronic diseases, such as diabetes, are becoming more prevalent and the demand for care is rising. There is growing evidence of female physicians performing better than male physicians.

Aim

Our study aimed to investigate whether any differences in diabetes process indicators are associated with gender, and/or the interaction between gender and different organizational models.

Design and setting

A population-based cross-sectional analysis was conducted on a large data set obtained by processing the public health administration databases of seven Italian local health units (LHUs). The seven LHUs, distributed all over the Italian peninsula in seven different regions, took part in a national project called MEDINA, with the focus on chronic disease management in primary care (PC).

Methods

A total score was calculated for the average performance in the previously listed five indicators, representing global adherence to a quality management of patients with diabetes. A multilevel analysis was applied to see how LHUs affected the outcome. A quantile regression model was also fitted.

Results

Our study included 2287 Italian general practitioners (586 of them female) caring for a total of 2 646 059 patients. Analyzing the performance scores confirmed that female general practitioners obtained better results than males. The differences between males and females were stronger on the 25th and 75th percentiles of the score than on the median values. The interaction between gender and LHU was not significant.

Conclusion

Our study evidenced that female physicians perform better than males in providing PC for diabetes independently by the different organizational models. Further research to understand the reasons for these gender differences is needed.
GRAMSCI'S REVOLUTIONS: PASSIVE AND PERMANENT
Authors: THOMAS PETER D.
Published: June 2018

Antonio Gramsci's notion of “passive revolution” has often been understood as a distinctive historical narrative, political concept, or theory of state formation. This article proposes to consider it instead as a “heuristic formula” within the “lexical architecture” of thePrison Notebooks. Based upon a diachronic and contextualist analysis of the usage of the formula, I argue that Gramsci's research on passive revolution emerged as a critical element within the development of his own distinctive conception of the “sublation” and “actualization” of the slogan of “the revolution in permanence.” Attending to this dialectical relationship allows the political and strategic dimensions of passive revolution to be highlighted, and suggests new paths of research for the debate about its analytic fertility and contemporary relevance.
From Christian anti-imperialism to postcolonial Christianity: M. M. Thomas and the ecumenical theology of communism in the 1940s and 1950s
Authors: Reynolds Justin
Published: June 2018

This article uses the early thought and career of the Indian Mar Thoma Christian and Marxian theologian M. M. Thomas to investigate the connections between ecumenism’s theology of communism and its engagements with anti-colonial politics and decolonization in the 1940s and 1950s. The article situates Thomas’ efforts to reconcile Marxian doctrine with Christian faith within the movement’s institutional practices for combating the entropic effects of modern secular civilization and Cold War polarization. Tracing Thomas’ ascent from Christian Marxist youth circles in south India to leadership positions in the World Student Christian Federation and the World Council of Churches, the article highlights the central role of his theology in establishing ‘revolutionary’ postcolonial social transformation as the object of Christian global governance in the post-war era.
Between context and conflict: the ‘boom’ of Latin American Protestantism in the ecumenical movement (1955–75)
Authors: Schilling Annegreth
Published: June 2018

The article looks at the entanglement of the international ecumenical movement and Latin American Protestantism in the ‘long 1960s’. It investigates the influence and significance of Latin American liberation theology for the churches and theology around the world. During this period, it was particularly the World Council of Churches (WCC), a worldwide fellowship of Christian churches, which strengthened the efforts of churches from the ‘Third World’ to identify their own theological issues and questions. In this way, the WCC strongly supported Latin American Protestant church leaders and theologians in giving specific attention to their own context. The article argues that the ‘boom’ of Latin American Protestantism within the WCC in the 1960s and early 1970s brought into the global ecumenical movement both new theological concepts, such as revolution and liberation, and individuals exiled from Latin America. Yet this contextual and emancipatory approach revealed at the same time fundamental differences and conflicts between churches of the North and South.
Wideband filtering power divider with deep and wide stopband
Authors: Zhang Pengcheng , Lin Xianqi , Tang Cong , Jiang Yuan , Fan Yong
Published: June 2018

In this study, wideband bandpass power divider with good out-of-band performance is proposed. Two bandpass filters (BPFs) are utilized to substitute the quarter-wavelength transmission line in conventional Wilkinson power divider. A resistor is specially arranged between two BPFs for a good isolation. Four transmission zeros (TZs) are found to be distributed in the lower and upper stopband of the power divider. Moreover, the locations of two TZs can be shifted by tuning the impedance ratio of the center-loaded open stub, which is propitious to improve the frequency selectivity. Even- and odd-mode methods are applied to analyze the proposed power divider and closed-form design formulas are obtained. Finally, two prototype power dividers with measured rejection level in the upper stopband larger than 29.1 and 32 dB till to 2.7f0 and 2.69f0, respectively, are designed and fabricated to testify the proposed design concept. Good agreement between the simulated and measured results is observed, validating the validity of the proposed design principle.
Gesundheitsfachkräfte in den Frühen Hilfen: Wie nützlich ist die Zusatzqualifikation? Eine quantitative Studie
Authors: Scharmanski Sara , Renner Ilona
Published: June 2018

Zusammenfassung. Hintergrund: Frühe Hilfen sind lokale und regionale Angebote für Familien mit Kindern bis zum dritten Lebensjahr. Diese Angebote leisten einen Beitrag zur Förderung von elterlichen Kompetenzen, um Entwicklungs- und Lebensbedingungen zu verbessern. Fortgebildete Hebammen und Pflegefachkräfte betreuen Familien mit psychosozialem Hilfebedarf. Methode: Die retrospektive Befragung (N = 298) soll die Frage beantworten, ob durch die Zusatzqualifikation ein Beitrag zur Verbesserung der Versorgung von Familien in belasteten Lebenslagen geleistet werden kann. Die Angaben der Mütter mit einer Betreuung durch eine fortgebildete Gesundheitsfachkraft (GruppeGFK + Quali) wurden mit den Angaben der Mütter verglichen, die von einer Gesundheitsfachkraft ohne Zusatzqualifikation (GruppeGFK) betreut wurden. Ergebnisse: Gesundheitsfachkräfte mit Zusatzqualifikation werden entsprechend ihrer Fortbildung häufiger in psychosozial belasteten Familien eingesetzt. Von allen Müttern, die einen Unterstützungsbedarf angaben, bewerten die Mütter, die von einer fortgebildeten Gesundheitsfachkraft unterstützt wurden, die Betreuung als nützlicher im Hinblick auf elterliche Alltagskompetenzen (Bewertung der erhaltenen Unterstützung: GruppeGFK + Quali: MW = 2,57; GruppeGFK: MW = 1,97; p = 0,003). Schlussfolgerung: Die Studie ergänzt weitere Befunde, die die Inanspruchnahme, elterliche Akzeptanz und Wirksamkeit von aufsuchenden Hilfsangeboten belegen. Die spezifische Qualifizierung von Gesundheitsfachkräften trägt auch aus Sicht der Mütter zu einer verbesserten Versorgung von psychosozial belasteten Familien bei.
Responses of the East Asian Summer Monsoon in the Low‐Latitude South China Sea to High‐Latitude Millennial‐Scale Climatic Changes During the Last Glaciation: Evidence From a High‐Resolution Clay Mineralogical Record
Authors: Zhao Shaohua , Liu Zhifei , Colin Christophe , Zhao Yulong , Wang Xingxing , Jian Zhimin
Published: June 2018

High‐resolution clay mineral assemblage combined with Nd and Sr isotopic compositions of Core MD12‐3434 located in the northern South China Sea was investigated to reveal terrigenous sediment response to the East Asian monsoon evolution during the last glaciation. Clay mineralogical variations indicate clear millennial‐scale oscillations that are mainly due to rapid changes in the proportion of smectite to illite and chlorite. Smectite is derived predominantly from rapid chemical weathering of volcanic rocks in Luzon under strong summer monsoon, while illite and chlorite are mainly sourced from Taiwan through reinforced physical erosion. Thus, the smectite/(illite + chlorite) ratio is adopted to reconstruct the East Asian summer monsoon evolution during the last glaciation. Rapid increases in the smectite/(illite + chlorite) ratio imply strengthened summer monsoon occurred during Dansgaard‐Oeschger and Bølling‐Allerød interstadials. In contrast, rapid decreases in the ratio indicate relatively weakened summer monsoon happened during Heinrich and Younger Dryas stadials. These millennial‐scale climatic signals documented by clay mineralogical compositions of deep‐sea sediments in the South China Sea can be better preserved in calm deeper‐water sedimentary environments. Our study highlights the prompt responses of the East Asian monsoon system to millennial‐scale climatic changes occurred in high‐latitude Northern Hemisphere through contemporaneous chemical weathering of volcanic rocks and/or sediment supply variations under strong physical erosion in the low‐latitude South China Sea, implying an atmospheric teleconnection from the North Atlantic to the Asian monsoon region.
Development of Detachment Folds in the Mexican Ridges Foldbelt, Western Gulf of Mexico Basin
Authors: Yarbuh I. , González‐Fernández A. , Spelz‐Madero R. M. , Negrete‐Aranda R. , Contreras J.
Published: June 2018

Examples of natural folds growing in a homogenous mechanical stratigraphy of alternating competent and incompetent thin layers of fine‐ and coarse‐grained sediments are examined, and the fold growth process is quantified. Our analysis reveals that the overall response to loading of siliciclastic sequences corresponds to that of flexural flow and parallel‐to‐bedding heterogeneous pure shear. Folds start out as low‐amplitude sinusoidal disturbances that rapidly become finite‐amplitude folds of heterogeneous strain. We also derive the following scaling relations: (i) degree of amplification scales with both the height above the detachment and strain, (ii) wavelength selectivity broadens with increasing strain, and (iii) deposition of syn‐sedimentary geometries is function of strain. These relations are a natural consequence of idealized area‐preserving laws of fold growth. From these results we devise a method to estimate fold strain by means of an amplitude versus depth diagram. We are also able to define a progression of fold shape change as a function of the fundamental parameter strain. Initially, structures grow by limb rotation and the selective amplification of a single dominant wavelength giving rise to sinusoidal folds. When strain reaches ~8%, softening/plastic yielding around hinges results in the development of sharp fold profiles. Limbs lock their dips at 35°–45°, suggesting that growth in this stage is permitted by hinge mobility along ramps and blind faults. Moreover, hinge migration causes fold development to accelerate spontaneously. These findings suggest that conclusions relating periods of accelerated erosion/uplift in contractional structures to tectonic processes should be treated with caution.
The Oxygen Neutral Cloud Surrounding Jupiter’s Volcanic Moon
Authors: Wheeling Kate
Published: June 2018

Japan’s Hisaki satellite takes measurements of faint oxygen emissions from Io.
Honoring Earth and Space Scientists
Authors:   AGU
Published: June 2018

AGU members and others in the news
Magma Ascent and Eruption Triggered by Cratering on the Moon
Authors: Michaut Chloé , Pinel Virginie
Published: June 2018

On the Moon, the low‐density crust exerts a strong filter to magma ascent. Many lunar craters are filled with mare, and evidence of pyroclastic activity and shallow magmatism is often located within craters called floor‐fractured craters (FFCs). Interpreting quantitative observations on mare‐filled craters and FFCs based on mechanical models, we show that a surface unloading caused by an impact crater provides a driving overpressure to the magma stalling at depth. This overpressure counterbalances the melt negative buoyancy, favoring its ascent through the crust. Providing a large unloading and a thin crust, magma can ascend up to the crater floor. FFC characteristics are consistent with a magma denser than the crust by 200–300 kg/m3 and an elastic lithosphere thickness larger than 70 km. Our study suggests that small impact cratering likely induced magmatism and thereby crustal evolution in the early times of terrestrial planets.
Characteristics of Bay of Bengal Monsoon Depressions in the 21st Century
Authors: Rastogi Deeksha , Ashfaq Moetasim , Leung L. Ruby , Ghosh Subimal , Saha Anamitra , Hodges Kevin , Evans Katherine
Published: June 2018

We show that 21st century increase in radiative forcing does not significantly impact the frequency of South Asian summer monsoon depressions (MDs) or their trajectories in the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 5 general circulation models (GCMs). A significant relationship exists between the climatological occurrences of MDs and the strength of the background upper (lower) tropospheric meridional (zonal) winds and tropospheric moisture in the core genesis region of MDs. Likewise, there is a strong relationship between the strength of the meridional tropospheric temperature gradient in the GCMs and the trajectories of MDs over land. While monsoon dynamics progressively weakens in the future, atmospheric moisture exhibits a strong increase, limiting the impact of changes in dynamics on the frequency of MDs. Moreover, the weakening of meridional tropospheric temperature gradient in the future is substantially weaker than its inherent underestimation in the GCMs. Our results also indicate that future increases in the extreme wet events are dominated by nondepression day occurrences, which may render the monsoon extremes less predictable in the future.
Stabilizing Effect of Compositional Viscosity Contrasts on Thermochemical Piles
Authors: Heyn Björn H. , Conrad Clinton P. , Trønnes Reidar G.
Published: June 2018

The large low shear velocity provinces observed in the lowermost mantle are widely accepted as chemically distinct thermochemical “piles,” but their origin and long‐term evolution remain poorly understood. The survival time and shape of the large low shear velocity provinces are thought to be mainly controlled by their compositional density, while their viscosity has been considered less important. Based on recent constraints on chemical reactions between mantle and core, a more complex viscosity structure of the lowermost mantle, possibly including high viscosity thermochemical pile material, seems reasonable. In this study, we use numerical models to identify a trade‐off between compositional viscosity and density contrasts required for long‐term stability of thermochemical piles, which permits lower‐density and higher‐viscosity piles. Moreover, our results indicate more restrictive stability conditions during periods of strong deformation‐induced entrainment, for example, during initial pile formation, which suggests long‐term pile survival.
Emerging insights into HAUSP (USP7) in physiology, cancer and other diseases
Authors: Bhattacharya Seemana , Chakraborty Dipankar , Basu Malini , Ghosh Mrinal K
Published: June 2018

Herpesvirus-associated ubiquitin-specific protease (HAUSP) is a USP family deubiquitinase. HAUSP is a protein of immense biological importance as it is involved in several cellular processes, including host-virus interactions, oncogenesis and tumor suppression, DNA damage and repair processes, DNA dynamics and epigenetic modulations, regulation of gene expression and protein function, spatio-temporal distribution, and immune functions. Since its discovery in the late 1990s as a protein interacting with a herpes virus regulatory protein, extensive studies have assessed its complex roles in p53-MDM2-related networks, identified numerous additional interacting partners, and elucidated the different roles of HAUSP in the context of cancer, development, and metabolic and neurological pathologies. Recent analyses have provided new insights into its biochemical and functional dynamics. In this review, we provide a comprehensive account of our current knowledge about emerging insights into HAUSP in physiology and diseases, which shed light on fundamental biological questions and promise to provide a potential target for therapeutic intervention.
Self-assembly of metal–organic polyhedra into supramolecular polymers with intrinsic microporosity
Authors: Carné-Sánchez Arnau , Craig Gavin A. , Larpent Patrick , Hirose Takashi , Higuchi Masakazu , Kitagawa Susumu , Matsuda Kenji , Urayama Kenji , Furukawa Shuhei
Published: June 2018

Designed porosity in coordination materials often relies on highly ordered crystalline networks, which provide stability upon solvent removal. However, the requirement for crystallinity often impedes control of higher degrees of morphological versatility, or materials processing. Herein, we describe a supramolecular approach to the synthesis of amorphous polymer materials with controlled microporosity. The strategy entails the use of robust metal–organic polyhedra (MOPs) as porous monomers in the supramolecular polymerization reaction. Detailed analysis of the reaction mechanism of the MOPs with imidazole-based linkers revealed the polymerization to consist of three separate stages: nucleation, elongation, and cross-linking. By controlling the self-assembly pathways, we successfully tuned the resulting macroscopic form of the polymers, from spherical colloidal particles to colloidal gels with hierarchical porosity. The resulting materials display distinct microporous properties arising from the internal cavity of the MOPs. This synthetic approach could lead to the fabrication of soft, flexible materials with permanent porosity.
Thermally-induced reversible structural isomerization in colloidal semiconductor CdS magic-size clusters
Authors: Zhang Baowei , Zhu Tingting , Ou Mingyang , Rowell Nelson , Fan Hongsong , Han Jiantao , Tan Lei , Dove Martin T. , Ren Yang , Zuo Xiaobing , Han Shuo , Zeng Jianrong , Yu Kui
Published: June 2018

Structural isomerism of colloidal semiconductor nanocrystals has been largely unexplored. Here, we report one pair of structural isomers identified for colloidal nanocrystals which exhibit thermally-induced reversible transformations behaving like molecular isomerization. The two isomers are CdS magic-size clusters with sharp absorption peaks at 311 and 322 nm. They have identical cluster masses, but slightly different structures. Furthermore, their interconversions follow first-order unimolecular reaction kinetics. We anticipate that such isomeric kinetics are applicable to a variety of small-size functional nanomaterials, and that the methodology developed for our kinetic study will be helpful to investigate and exploit solid–solid transformations in other semiconductor nanocrystals. The findings on structural isomerism should stimulate attention toward advanced design and synthesis of functional nanomaterials enabled by structural transformations.
Dissecting ribosomal particles throughout the kingdoms of life using advanced hybrid mass spectrometry methods
Authors: van de Waterbeemd Michiel , Tamara Sem , Fort Kyle L. , Damoc Eugen , Franc Vojtech , Bieri Philipp , Itten Martin , Makarov Alexander , Ban Nenad , Heck Albert J. R.
Published: June 2018

Biomolecular mass spectrometry has matured strongly over the past decades and has now reached a stage where it can provide deep insights into the structure and composition of large cellular assemblies. Here, we describe a three-tiered hybrid mass spectrometry approach that enables the dissection of macromolecular complexes in order to complement structural studies. To demonstrate the capabilities of the approach, we investigate ribosomes, large ribonucleoprotein particles consisting of a multitude of protein and RNA subunits. We identify sites of sequence processing, protein post-translational modifications, and the assembly and stoichiometry of individual ribosomal proteins in four distinct ribosomal particles of bacterial, plant and human origin. Amongst others, we report extensive cysteine methylation in the zinc finger domain of the human S27 protein, the heptameric stoichiometry of the chloroplastic stalk complex, the heterogeneous composition of human 40S ribosomal subunits and their association to the CrPV, and HCV internal ribosome entry site RNAs.
Reducing histone acetylation rescues cognitive deficits in a mouse model of Fragile X syndrome
Authors: Li Yue , Stockton Michael E. , Eisinger Brian E. , Zhao Yinghua , Miller Jessica L. , Bhuiyan Ismat , Gao Yu , Wu Zhiping , Peng Junmin , Zhao Xinyu
Published: June 2018

Fragile X syndrome (FXS) is the most prevalent inherited intellectual disability, resulting from a loss of fragile X mental retardation protein (FMRP). Patients with FXS suffer lifelong cognitive disabilities, but the function of FMRP in the adult brain and the mechanism underlying age-related cognitive decline in FXS is not fully understood. Here, we report that a loss of FMRP results in increased protein synthesis of histone acetyltransferase EP300 and ubiquitination-mediated degradation of histone deacetylase HDAC1 in adult hippocampal neural stem cells (NSCs). Consequently, FMRP-deficient NSCs exhibit elevated histone acetylation and age-related NSC depletion, leading to cognitive impairment in mature adult mice. Reducing histone acetylation rescues both neurogenesis and cognitive deficits in mature adult FMRP-deficient mice. Our work reveals a role for FMRP and histone acetylation in cognition and presents a potential novel therapeutic strategy for treating adult FXS patients.
A promiscuous cytochrome P450 aromatic O-demethylase for lignin bioconversion
Authors: Mallinson Sam J. B. , Machovina Melodie M. , Silveira Rodrigo L. , Garcia-Borràs Marc , Gallup Nathan , Johnson Christopher W. , Allen Mark D. , Skaf Munir S. , Crowley Michael F. , Neidle Ellen L. , Houk Kendall N. , Beckham Gregg T. , DuBois Jennifer L. , McGeehan John E.
Published: June 2018

Microbial aromatic catabolism offers a promising approach to convert lignin, a vast source of renewable carbon, into useful products. Aryl-O-demethylation is an essential biochemical reaction to ultimately catabolize coniferyl and sinapyl lignin-derived aromatic compounds, and is often a key bottleneck for both native and engineered bioconversion pathways. Here, we report the comprehensive characterization of a promiscuous P450 aryl-O-demethylase, consisting of a cytochrome P450 protein from the family CYP255A (GcoA) and a three-domain reductase (GcoB) that together represent a new two-component P450 class. Though originally described as converting guaiacol to catechol, we show that this system efficiently demethylates both guaiacol and an unexpectedly wide variety of lignin-relevant monomers. Structural, biochemical, and computational studies of this novel two-component system elucidate the mechanism of its broad substrate specificity, presenting it as a new tool for a critical step in biological lignin conversion.
KMT2D/MLL2 inactivation is associated with recurrence in adult-type granulosa cell tumors of the ovary
Authors: Hillman R. Tyler , Celestino Joseph , Terranova Christopher , Beird Hannah C. , Gumbs Curtis , Little Latasha , Nguyen Tri , Thornton Rebecca , Tippen Samantha , Zhang Jianhua , Lu Karen H. , Gershenson David M. , Rai Kunal , Broaddus Russell R. , Futreal P. Andrew
Published: June 2018

Adult-type granulosa cell tumors of the ovary (aGCTs) are rare gynecologic malignancies that exhibit a high frequency of somatic FOXL2 c.C402G (p.Cys134Trp) mutation. Treatment of relapsed aGCT remains a significant clinical challenge. Here we show, using whole-exome and cancer gene panel sequencing of 79 aGCTs from two independent cohorts, that truncating mutation of the histone lysine methyltransferase gene KMT2D (also known as MLL2) is a recurrent somatic event in aGCT. Mono-allelic KMT2D-truncating mutations are more frequent in recurrent (10/44, 23%) compared with primary (1/35, 3%) aGCTs (p = 0.02, two-sided Fisher’s exact test). IHC detects additional non-KMT2D-mutated aGCTs with loss of nuclear KMT2D expression, suggesting that non-genetic KMT2D inactivation may occur in this tumor type. These findings identify KMT2D inactivation as a novel driver event in aGCTs and suggest that mutation of this gene may increase the risk of disease recurrence.