bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Corrosion Resistant FBG-Based Quasi-Distributed Sensor for Crude Oil Tank Dynamic Temperature Profile Monitoring
Authors: Da Silva Marques Rogério , Prado Adilson , Da Costa Antunes Paulo , De Brito André Paulo , Ribeiro Moisés , Frizera-Neto Anselmo , Pontes Maria
Published: December 2015

This article presents a corrosion resistant, maneuverable, and intrinsically safe fiber Bragg grating (FBG)-based temperature optical sensor. Temperature monitoring is a critical activity for the oil and gas industry. It typically involves acquiring the desired parameters in a hazardous and corrosive environment. The use of polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) was proposed as a means of simultaneously isolating the optical fiber from the corrosive environment and avoiding undesirable mechanical tensions on the FBGs. The presented sensor head is based on multiple FBGs inscribed in a lengthy single mode fiber. The sensor presents an average thermal sensitivity of 8.82 ± 0.09 pm/°C, resulting in a typical temperature resolution of ~0.1 °C and an average time constant value of 6.25 ± 0.08 s. Corrosion and degradation resistance were verified by infrared spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy during 90 days exposure to high salinity crude oil samples. The developed sensor was tested in a field pilot test, mimicking the operation of an inland crude tank, demonstrating its abilities to dynamically monitor temperature profile.
An Accurate and Generic Testing Approach to Vehicle Stability Parameters Based on GPS and INS
Authors: Miao Zhibin , Zhang Hongtian , Zhang Jinzhu
Published: December 2015

With the development of the vehicle industry, controlling stability has become more and more important. Techniques of evaluating vehicle stability are in high demand. As a common method, usually GPS sensors and INS sensors are applied to measure vehicle stability parameters by fusing data from the two system sensors. Although prior model parameters should be recognized in a Kalman filter, it is usually used to fuse data from multi-sensors. In this paper, a robust, intelligent and precise method to the measurement of vehicle stability is proposed. First, a fuzzy interpolation method is proposed, along with a four-wheel vehicle dynamic model. Second, a two-stage Kalman filter, which fuses the data from GPS and INS, is established. Next, this approach is applied to a case study vehicle to measure yaw rate and sideslip angle. The results show the advantages of the approach. Finally, a simulation and real experiment is made to verify the advantages of this approach. The experimental results showed the merits of this method for measuring vehicle stability, and the approach can meet the design requirements of a vehicle stability controller.
Single ZnO Nanowire-Based Gas Sensors to Detect Low Concentrations of Hydrogen
Authors: Cardoza-Contreras Marlene , Romo-Herrera José , Ríos Luis , García-Gutiérrez R. , Zepeda T. , Contreras Oscar
Published: December 2015

Low concentrations of hazardous gases are difficult to detect with common gas sensors. Using semiconductor nanostructures as a sensor element is an alternative. Single ZnO nanowire gas sensor devices were fabricated by manipulation and connection of a single nanowire into a four-electrode aluminum probe in situ in a dual-beam scanning electron microscope-focused ion beam with a manipulator and a gas injection system in/column. The electrical response of the manufactured devices shows response times up to 29 s for a 121 ppm of H2 pulse, with a variation in the nanowire resistance appreciable at room temperature and at 373.15 K of approximately 8% and 14% respectively, showing that ZnO nanowires are good candidates to detect low concentrations of H2.
A Coral Reef Algorithm Based on Learning Automata for the Coverage Control Problem of Heterogeneous Directional Sensor Networks
Authors: Li Ming , Miao Chunyan , Leung Cyril
Published: December 2015

Coverage control is one of the most fundamental issues in directional sensor networks. In this paper, the coverage optimization problem in a directional sensor network is formulated as a multi-objective optimization problem. It takes into account the coverage rate of the network, the number of working sensor nodes and the connectivity of the network. The coverage problem considered in this paper is characterized by the geographical irregularity of the sensed events and heterogeneity of the sensor nodes in terms of sensing radius, field of angle and communication radius. To solve this multi-objective problem, we introduce a learning automata-based coral reef algorithm for adaptive parameter selection and use a novel Tchebycheff decomposition method to decompose the multi-objective problem into a single-objective problem. Simulation results show the consistent superiority of the proposed algorithm over alternative approaches.
User-Independent Motion State Recognition Using Smartphone Sensors
Authors: Gu Fuqiang , Kealy Allison , Khoshelham Kourosh , Shang Jianga
Published: December 2015

The recognition of locomotion activities (e.g., walking, running, still) is important for a wide range of applications like indoor positioning, navigation, location-based services, and health monitoring. Recently, there has been a growing interest in activity recognition using accelerometer data. However, when utilizing only acceleration-based features, it is difficult to differentiate varying vertical motion states from horizontal motion states especially when conducting user-independent classification. In this paper, we also make use of the newly emerging barometer built in modern smartphones, and propose a novel feature called pressure derivative from the barometer readings for user motion state recognition, which is proven to be effective for distinguishing vertical motion states and does not depend on specific users’ data. Seven types of motion states are defined and six commonly-used classifiers are compared. In addition, we utilize the motion state history and the characteristics of people’s motion to improve the classification accuracies of those classifiers. Experimental results show that by using the historical information and human’s motion characteristics, we can achieve user-independent motion state classification with an accuracy of up to 90.7%. In addition, we analyze the influence of the window size and smartphone pose on the accuracy.
Portable Nanoparticle-Based Sensors for Food Safety Assessment
Authors: Bülbül Gonca , Hayat Akhtar , Andreescu Silvana
Published: December 2015

The use of nanotechnology-derived products in the development of sensors and analytical measurement methodologies has increased significantly over the past decade. Nano-based sensing approaches include the use of nanoparticles (NPs) and nanostructures to enhance sensitivity and selectivity, design new detection schemes, improve sample preparation and increase portability. This review summarizes recent advancements in the design and development of NP-based sensors for assessing food safety. The most common types of NPs used to fabricate sensors for detection of food contaminants are discussed. Selected examples of NP-based detection schemes with colorimetric and electrochemical detection are provided with focus on sensors for the detection of chemical and biological contaminants including pesticides, heavy metals, bacterial pathogens and natural toxins. Current trends in the development of low-cost portable NP-based technology for rapid assessment of food safety as well as challenges for practical implementation and future research directions are discussed.
PHACK: An Efficient Scheme for Selective Forwarding Attack Detection in WSNs
Authors: Liu Anfeng , Dong Mianxiong , Ota Kaoru , Long Jun
Published: December 2015

In this paper, a Per-Hop Acknowledgement (PHACK)-based scheme is proposed for each packet transmission to detect selective forwarding attacks. In our scheme, the sink and each node along the forwarding path generate an acknowledgement (ACK) message for each received packet to confirm the normal packet transmission. The scheme, in which each ACK is returned to the source node along a different routing path, can significantly increase the resilience against attacks because it prevents an attacker from compromising nodes in the return routing path, which can otherwise interrupt the return of nodes’ ACK packets. For this case, the PHACK scheme also has better potential to detect abnormal packet loss and identify suspect nodes as well as better resilience against attacks. Another pivotal issue is the network lifetime of the PHACK scheme, as it generates more acknowledgements than previous ACK-based schemes. We demonstrate that the network lifetime of the PHACK scheme is not lower than that of other ACK-based schemes because the scheme just increases the energy consumption in non-hotspot areas and does not increase the energy consumption in hotspot areas. Moreover, the PHACK scheme greatly simplifies the protocol and is easy to implement. Both theoretical and simulation results are given to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed scheme in terms of high detection probability and the ability to identify suspect nodes.
Objective Structures and Symbolic Violence in the Immigrant Family and School Relationships: Study of Two Cases in Chile
Authors: Cornejo Torres Rayen , Rosales Ubeda Ariel
Published: December 2015

The historical trend of migration processes in Chile faces a challenge given the incremental growth of immigration during recent years. This study focuses on the relationship between family and school, distinguishing within it the particular relationship between immigrant families and school agents. The qualitative approach applied here enabled a focus on the effect of the cultural diversity that immigration produces, including the configuration of conflicts between immigrant families and the school institution. The main issues discussed in this article concern the approach and the nature of interaction between schools and immigrant families. This approach is articulated with the observed emergence of symbolic violence. The characterization of the conflict of expectations among immigrant families and schools is also described, suggesting the need to rethink the practices associated with an inclusive education that allows the integration of immigrant families.
Relationship between Quarry Activity and Municipal Spatial Planning: A Possible Mediation for the Case of Sardinia, Italy
Authors: Balletto Ginevra , Mei Giovanni , Garau Chiara
Published: December 2015

Despite its economic importance, quarrying activity for the production of natural aggregates (sand, gravel, and crushed stone) can result in overexploitation of the natural environment. This paper investigates the current state of natural and recycled aggregates in Sardinia Italy and how to limit the production of natural aggregates (NA) and increase the use of recycled aggregates (RA). The municipalities of Cagliari, Sant’Antioco and Tortolì of Sardinia, Italy, were chosen as case studies because they fall within a particular territorial context. Owing to its geographic condition, the island of Sardinia must produce its own raw materials. The results of this research show how the combined use of NA and RA can help meet local and regional demand for aggregates. This proposal is derived from a needs assessment of NA based on urban masterplans for each municipality. Possible strategies for limiting the consumption of NA, as well as the use of RA, are also described.
Firm Sustainability Performance Index Modeling
Authors: Wan Mohamed Radzi Che , Salarzadeh Jenatabadi Hashem , Hasbullah Maisarah
Published: December 2015

The main objective of this paper is to bring a model for firm sustainability performance index by applying both classical and Bayesian structural equation modeling (parametric and semi-parametric modeling). Both techniques are considered to the research data collected based on a survey directed to the China, Taiwan, and Malaysia food manufacturing industry. For estimating firm sustainability performance index we consider three main indicators include knowledge management, organizational learning, and business strategy. Based on the both Bayesian and classical methodology, we confirmed that knowledge management and business strategy have significant impact on firm sustainability performance index.
Design and Assessment of an IGCC Concept with CO2 Capture for the Co-Generation of Electricity and Substitute Natural Gas
Authors: Blumberg Timo , Sorgenfrei Max , Tsatsaronis George
Published: December 2015

The focus of this work is on the modeling and the thermodynamic evaluation of an integrated gasification combined cycle (IGCC) for the co-production of electricity and substitute natural gas (SNG). At first, an IGCC with CO2 capture for electricity generation is analyzed. Coal-derived syngas is conditioned in a water gas shift unit (WGS), and cleaned in an acid gas removal system including carbon capture. Eventually, the conditioned syngas is fed to a combined cycle. A second case refers to a complete conversion of syngas to SNG in an integrated commercial methanation unit (TREMP™ process, Haldor Topsøe, Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark). Due to the exothermic reaction, a gas recycling and intercooling stages are necessary to avoid catalyst damage. Based on a state-of-the-art IGCC plant, an optimal integration of the synthetic process considering off-design behavior was determined. The raw syngas production remains constant in both cases, while one shift reactor in combination with a bypass is used to provide an adequate H2/CO-ratio for the methanation unit. Electricity has to be purchased from the grid in order to cover the internal consumption when producing SNG. The resulting heat and power distributions of both cases are discussed.
The Impact of Agro-Economic Factors on GHG Emissions: Evidence from European Developing and Advanced Economies
Authors: Jovanović Miomir , Kašćelan Ljiljana , Despotović Aleksandra , Kašćelan Vladimir
Published: December 2015

Environmental degradation by greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions has been an important challenge of sustainable economic development and climate changes control. Industry is the major source of CO2 emissions, whereas 84% of global anthropogenic methane and nitrous-oxide emissions emerge from agriculture. The impact of agro-economic factors on GHG emissions in European developing economies (Southeastern Europe in focus) as compared with European advanced economies has been examined in this paper. The results have confirmed the existence of significant differences in impact of these factors depending on the level of economic development. For both groups of economies, we have confirmed the Environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC) hypothesis (inverted U-shaped relationship between GDP per capita and carbon dioxide emissions), but different sectoral outputs, too. We have also established different impacts of agro emission sources. In developing economies, we have recognized livestock breeding as a predominant factor and recommended measures for reducing the emissions in this sector, following developed economies. The findings may be useful to European developing economies as a support to implementation of binding commitments emerging from the UN Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC). In the panel analysis, we have taken into consideration the non-stationarity of the series, heterogeneity of the sample, and also examined a dynamic specification.
Field and Evaluation Methods Used to Test the Performance of a Stormceptor® Class 1 Stormwater Treatment Device in Australia
Authors: Nichols Peter , Lucke Terry , Drapper Darren
Published: December 2015

Field testing of a proprietary stormwater treatment device was undertaken over 14 months at a site located in Nambour, South East Queensland. Testing was undertaken to evaluate the pollution removal performance of a Stormceptor® treatment train for removing total suspended solids (TSS), total nitrogen (TN) and total phosphorous (TP) from stormwater runoff. Water quality sampling was undertaken using natural rainfall events complying with an a priori sampling protocol. More than 59 rain events were monitored, of which 18 were found to comply with the accepted sampling protocol. The efficiency ratios (ER) observed for the treatment device were found to be 83% for TSS, 11% for TP and 23% for TN. Although adequately removing TSS, additional system components, such as engineered filters, would be required to satisfy minimum local pollution removal regulations. The results of dry weather sampling tests did not conclusively demonstrate that pollutants were exported between storm events or that pollution concentrations increased significantly over time.
Refined 2D and Exact 3D Shell Models for the Free Vibration Analysis of Single- and Double-Walled Carbon Nanotubes
Authors: Brischetto Salvatore , Tornabene Francesco , Fantuzzi Nicholas , Bacciocchi Michele
Published: December 2015

The present paper talks about the free vibration analysis of simply supported Single- and Double-Walled Carbon Nanotubes (SWCNTs and DWCNTs). Refined 2D Generalized Differential Quadrature (GDQ) shell methods and an exact 3D shell model are compared. A continuum approach (based on an elastic three-dimensional shell model) is used for natural frequency investigation of SWCNTs and DWCNTs. SWCNTs are defined as isotropic cylinders with an equivalent thickness and Young modulus. DWCNTs are defined as two concentric isotropic cylinders (with an equivalent thickness and Young modulus) which can be linked by means of the interlaminar continuity conditions or by means of van der Waals interactions. Layer wise approaches are mandatory for the analysis of van der Waals forces in DWCNTs. The effect of van der Waals interaction between the two cylinders is shown for different DWCNT lengths, diameters and vibration modes. The accuracy of beam models and classical 2D shell models in the free vibration analysis of SWCNTs and DWCNTs is also investigated.
New Invertebrate Vectors of Okadaic Acid from the North Atlantic Waters—Portugal (Azores and Madeira) and Morocco
Authors: Silva Marisa , Rodriguez Inés , Barreiro Aldo , Kaufmann Manfred , Neto Ana , Hassouani Meryem , Sabour Brahim , Alfonso Amparo , Botana Luis , Vasconcelos Vitor
Published: December 2015

Okadaic acid and its analogues are potent phosphatase inhibitors that cause Diarrheic Shellfish Poisoning (DSP) through the ingestion of contaminated shellfish by humans. This group of toxins is transmitted worldwide but the number of poisoning incidents has declined over the last 20 years due to legislation and monitoring programs that were implemented for bivalves. In the summer of 2012 and 2013, we collected a total of 101 samples of 22 different species that were made up of benthic and subtidal organisms such echinoderms, crustaceans, bivalves and gastropods from Madeira, São Miguel Island (Azores archipelago) and the northwestern coast of Morocco. The samples were analyzed by UPLC-MS/MS. Our main objective was to detect new vectors for these biotoxins. We can report nine new vectors for these toxins in the North Atlantic: Astropecten aranciacus, Arbacia lixula, Echinaster sepositus, Holothuria sanctori, Ophidiaster ophidianus, Onchidella celtica, Aplysia depilans, Patella spp., and Stramonita haemostoma. Differences in toxin contents among the species were found. Even though low concentrations were detected, the levels of toxins that were present, especially in edible species, indicate the importance of these types of studies. Routine monitoring should be extended to comprise a wider number of vectors other than for bivalves of okadaic acid and its analogues.
Epidemiological Research on Hand, Foot, and Mouth Disease in Mainland China
Authors: Zhuang Zhi-Chao , Kou Zeng-Qiang , Bai Yong-Juan , Cong Xiang , Wang Li-Hong , Li Chun , Zhao Li , Yu Xue-Jie , Wang Zhi-Yu , Wen Hong-Ling
Published: December 2015

Hand, foot, and mouth disease (HFMD), which has led to millions of attacks and several outbreaks across the world and become more predominant in Asia-Pacific Region, especially in Mainland China, is caused by several Human Enteroviruses including new enterovirus, coxsakievirus and echovirus. In recent years, much research has focused on the epidemiological characteristics of HFMD. In this article, multiple characteristics of HFMD such as basic epidemiology, etiology and molecular epidemiology; influencing factors; detection; and surveillance are reviewed, as these can be help protect high risks groups, prevalence prediction and policy making for disease prevention.
Developing an Effective Model for Predicting Spatially and Temporally Continuous Stream Temperatures from Remotely Sensed Land Surface Temperatures
Authors: McNyset Kristina , Volk Carol , Jordan Chris
Published: December 2015

Although water temperature is important to stream biota, it is difficult to collect in a spatially and temporally continuous fashion. We used remotely-sensed Land Surface Temperature (LST) data to estimate mean daily stream temperature for every confluence-to-confluence reach in the John Day River, OR, USA for a ten year period. Models were built at three spatial scales: site-specific, subwatershed, and basin-wide. Model quality was assessed using jackknife and cross-validation. Model metrics for linear regressions of the predicted vs. observed data across all sites and years: site-specific r2 = 0.95, Root Mean Squared Error (RMSE) = 1.25 °C; subwatershed r2 = 0.88, RMSE = 2.02 °C; and basin-wide r2 = 0.87, RMSE = 2.12 °C. Similar analyses were conducted using 2012 eight-day composite LST and eight-day mean stream temperature in five watersheds in the interior Columbia River basin. Mean model metrics across all basins: r2 = 0.91, RMSE = 1.29 °C. Sensitivity analyses indicated accurate basin-wide models can be parameterized using data from as few as four temperature logger sites. This approach generates robust estimates of stream temperature through time for broad spatial regions for which there is only spatially and temporally patchy observational data, and may be useful for managers and researchers interested in stream biota.
Agricultural Best Management Practice Abundance and Location does not Influence Stream Ecosystem Function or Water Quality in the Summer Season
Authors: Pearce Nolan , Yates Adam
Published: December 2015

Best management practices (BMPs) are tools commonly used to mitigate negative impacts of agriculture on water quality; however, the relationship between BMPs and aquatic ecological function is unknown. Our research goal was to determine the association between both stream ecosystem metabolism and water quality, and the abundance and location of four different BMPs in agricultural catchments. Dissolved oxygen was measured over a two-week period in mid-June and used to estimate ecosystem metabolism of 13 headwater streams representing a gradient of BMP implementation in Southern Ontario, Canada. Stepwise regression analyses were used to associate stream metabolism and water quality with metrics describing the abundance and location of BMPs within each catchment. Studied streams exhibited rates of metabolism comparable to catchments from other agricultural regions. However, metrics of BMP implementation were not associated with either stream metabolism or water quality. Our results suggest that BMPs in the studied agricultural catchments are not improving water quality or mitigating water quality impacts on stream metabolism during the summer season. We propose that seasonality of catchment hydrology and time lag effects associated with past agricultural land use may be masking the mitigation benefits of BMPs on stream ecosystem conditions during the summer season.
On Approaches to Analyze the Sensitivity of Simulated Hydrologic Fluxes to Model Parameters in the Community Land Model
Authors: Bao Jie , Hou Zhangshuan , Huang Maoyi , Liu Ying
Published: December 2015

Effective sensitivity analysis approaches are needed to identify important parameters or factors and their uncertainties in complex Earth system models composed of multi-phase multi-component phenomena and multiple biogeophysical-biogeochemical processes. In this study, the impacts of 10 hydrologic parameters in the Community Land Model on simulations of runoff and latent heat flux are evaluated using data from a watershed. Different metrics, including residual statistics, the Nash–Sutcliffe coefficient, and log mean square error, are used as alternative measures of the deviations between the simulated and field observed values. Four sensitivity analysis (SA) approaches, including analysis of variance based on the generalized linear model, generalized cross validation based on the multivariate adaptive regression splines model, standardized regression coefficients based on a linear regression model, and analysis of variance based on support vector machine, are investigated. Results suggest that these approaches show consistent measurement of the impacts of major hydrologic parameters on response variables, but with differences in the relative contributions, particularly for the secondary parameters. The convergence behaviors of the SA with respect to the number of sampling points are also examined with different combinations of input parameter sets and output response variables and their alternative metrics. This study helps identify the optimal SA approach, provides guidance for the calibration of the Community Land Model parameters to improve the model simulations of land surface fluxes, and approximates the magnitudes to be adjusted in the parameter values during parametric model optimization.
Estimating Costs and Effectiveness of Upgrades in Forestry Best Management Practices for Stream Crossings
Authors: Nolan Lindsay , Aust Wallace , Barrett Scott , Bolding Michael , Brown Kristopher , McGuire Kevin
Published: December 2015

Forestry Best Management Practices (BMPs) are used for protection of water quality at forest stream crossings, yet effects and costs for gradients of BMPs are not well documented. We evaluated forty-two truck road and skid trail stream crossings using three surrogates of BMP adequacy: (1) potential erosion rates for stream crossing approaches; (2) adequacy of stream crossing BMPs; and (3) overall BMP rating (BMP−, BMP-standard, and BMP+). Subsequently, BMP upgrades were recommended for enhancing BMP− or BMP-standard stream crossings. Costs for BMP upgrades were estimated using an existing road and skid trail cost method. The majority of truck road stream crossings were culverts, while skid trail stream crossings were primarily portable bridges. Potential erosion estimates, BMP audit scores, and BMP ratings all indicated that skid crossings have lower BMP implementation than truck road crossings. BMP improvements commonly identified for skid trail and truck crossings included addition of cover and water control structures. Improved BMPs at skid trail crossings were less expensive than those at truck road crossings. Current BMP guidelines provide economical and effective techniques for reducing erosion, and BMP upgrades have the potential to reduce erosion rates to similar levels found in undisturbed forests.
Un programme novateur : l'institut de paléontologie humaine d'Emmanuel Pontremoli
Authors: Hurel Arnaud , Dubourg Alain
Published: December 2015

Plusieurs points caractéristiques de l'histoire de l'architecture du début du XXe siècle convergent pour conférer à l'édifice de l'Institut de paléontologie humaine conçu par Emmanuel Pontremoli (1865-1956) son intérêt particulier. L'observation méthodologique met en exergue trois lectures imbriquées : celle du commanditaire, celle du programme spécifique et celle de l'architecture symbolique d'une période. Cet institut illustre une étape du développement des études préhistoriques (de la curiosité savante à la régulation institutionnelle) fondé sur un mécénat actif. La conception et la réalisation de l'établissement scientifique sont marquées par la collaboration de deux artistes renommés associés sur la base d'un programme précis. La conjugaison de la composition générale de l'édifice, son langage architectural et l'influence fonctionnelle en font un témoin d'une période qui porte la marque d'une lente transformation culturelle bouleversant le « milieu » des Beaux-Arts, alors partagé entre éclectisme et mouvement moderne, dont le médiateur sera Pontremoli comme directeur (1934-1938) et chef d'atelier.
Le collège Sainte-Barbe de Paris : des frères Labrouste à Ernest Lheureux
Authors: Lebarbé Annabelle
Published: December 2015

"The College Sainte-Barbe in Paris : from the Labrouste brothers to Ernest Lheureux", by Annabelle Lebarbé.

Opened in 1460 in the heart of the Quartier Latin, then forced to close down in 1793, the College Sainte-Barbe is brought back to life by Victor de Lanneau in 1798. The successive headmasters of the school will have it developped and enlarged with new buildings, first the construction of the secondary school by the Labrouste brothers in 1840, then the one of the preparatory school by Ernest Lheureux in 1881-1884. The example of Sainte-Barbe turns to be of the utmost significance at a time when a policy in favour of secondary education and suitable architectural answers slowly take shape. As an undenominational private institution, Sainte-Barbe has full scope to carry out its own innovative designs as regards school architecture and is enabled to corne up against financial difficulties thanks to the deep "esprit de corps" of its former pupils. Thus the institution is among the first ones to have proper brand new schools built.
Strasbourg, Colmar, Mulhouse : les programmes de bains municipaux en Alsace au début du XXe siècle. Une politique volontaire d'hygiène publique
Authors: Triboux Patrice
Published: December 2015

Les premières années du XXe siècle voient se concrétiser à Colmar, Strasbourg et Mulhouse trois importants programmes de bains municipaux avec bassins de natation et bains médicinaux dans la lignée des programmes de bains déterminés en Europe centrale et en Allemagne à la charnière des XIXe et XXe siècles. Les piscines qui y sont conçues dans une perspective de non-mixité participent alors d'un projet sanitaire et social global à visée hygiéniste, en cette période où l'Alsace est encore Reichsland d'Empire mais souhaite se détourner des commandes impériales, ou se consacrer à des chantiers à destination du peuple. Ni totalement Art nouveau ni complètement éclectiques, ces piscines mises en œuvre avec le concours du savoir-faire pionnier de l'entrepreneur en béton armé Edouard Zublin parviennent à doter les capitales alsaciennes d'équipements nautiques capables de rivaliser avec les plus récentes réalisations des grandes cités allemandes.
La réforme de la Constitution argentine et la reconnaissance du droit à l'environnement
Authors: Lago Daniel H.
Published: December 2015

The revision of the Argentinian Constitution, wich came into force on 25 May 1994, provided an opportunity to incorporate the recognition of man's right to a healthy environment, to determine the general basis for the division of jurisdiction between the federal State and the federated states and to widen access to justice in the event of damage to general interests. The Defender of the People and approved associations will now be able to play a critical role in the protection of the environment. However, the implementation of these reforms still suffers from a lack of precision, particulary with regard to the allocation of jurisdiction and the coordination of the actions of various administrations.
Le juge administratif et le contentieux de l'urbanisme littoral aux Antilles
Authors: Keita Yasmina
Published: December 2015

Des affaires retentissantes et médiatisées en matière d'urbanisme littoral aux Antilles ont révélé les rapports conflictuels que le juge administratif de première instance entretient avec l'édile, le représentant de l'Etat et le législateur. Sous l'impulsion associative, le juge est amené à arbitrer des conflits entre ces acteurs qui chacun, au nom de l'intérêt général revendiquent un espace très convoité : le littoral. En assumant cette responsabilité, le gardien du droit littoral se révèle en première instance un rempart parfois contrasté, souvent contesté. Mais, le contentieux juridictionnel demeure le seul instrument de mesure pertinent de l'écart qui existe entre « un littoral proclamé par les textes et un littoral fabriqué par les hommes ». Le juge ne se contente pas d'appliquer la règle de droit, il l'adapte à la nature, l'interprète et corrige ses imperfections. Cette circonstance l'érige-t-elle cependant en fabricateur de politiques locales ? S'il reste difficile d'infirmer ou de confirmer ce rôle, néanmoins, le juge administratif a conscience d'exercer un véritable pouvoir vert aux Antilles.
Les ambiguïtés de l'approche intégrée de la pollution des milieux récepteurs : la directive n° 96/61 /CE du Conseil de l'Union européenne du 24 septembre 1996
Authors: Deharbe David
Published: December 2015

Inspirée du modèle français des installations classées, la directive

I.P.P.C » de l'Union européenne (24 septembre 1996) se réclame de l'approche intégrée de la contrainte environnementale par la production industrielle : en imposant un contrôle administratif préalable des effets de l'activité industrielle sur les milieux naturels, elle prétend assurer un « haut niveau de protection de l'environnement dans son ensemble ». Certes, son contenu ne bouleverse pas le régime juridique français du droit de l'environnement industriel. Pourtant la comparaison entre le nouveau texte communautaire et le droit français demeure riche d'enseignements ; elle démontre les limites des moyens mis au service de l'objectif affiché : le modèle retenu comporte des lacunes avérées et tout simplement reproduites par le nouveau dispositif européen.
Droit et gestion de l'eau - Grandes tendances mondiales et applications récentes
Authors: Sironneau Jacques
Published: December 2015

Les tensions constatées sur la ressource en eau ont conduit ces

dernières années nombre de pays à domanialiser celle-ci, faisant prévaloir la notion de communauté sur les droits individuels, et à mettre en œuvre des mécanismes de gestion globale et planifiée à l'échelon du bassin ainsi que de police administrative, y compris dans des systèmes libéraux jusqu'alors largement réfractaires.

Dans le même temps, se mettaient en place des systèmes incitatifs de taxation des usages, coexistant avec des marchés de droits d'eau. Tant à l'échelon international qu'à l'échelon communautaire se manifeste le même souci d'intégration des utilisations des cours d'eau et de l'eau en général. Sept lois récentes sur l'eau illustrent l'application de ces principes.
La directive européenne sur la protection juridique des inventions biotechnologiques : la vie enfin dans le «filet» communautaire ?
Authors: Bojic Bultrini Dubravka
Published: December 2015

Depuis la fin des années quatre-vingt, l'Union européenne œuvre à faire adopter un texte d'harmonisation relatif à la brevetabilité des inventions biotechnologiques. Ce processus était fondé essentiellement sur l'argument selon lequel l'intérêt que la biotechnologie présente pour l'industrie, l'agriculture, l'environnement et la médecine est indéniable et que la brevetabilité des inventions biotechnologiques représente le meilleur moyen de rentabiliser les investissements des entreprises impliquées.

Après dix ans de négociations, la directive a finalement été adoptée et constitue le cadre juridique européen de référence en la matière. Bien que ses dispositions relatives à la brevetabilité du matériel d'origine humaine aient fait couler beaucoup d'encre et provoqué l'indignation d'une partie du public, c'est dans le domaine agricole que ses effets seront les plus immédiats. La directive semble vouloir répondre avant tout aux préoccupations de l'industrie biotechnologique en assurant une protection juridique renforcée aux inventeurs des innovations portant sur le matériel végétal et animal. Elle risque ainsi de favoriser la monopolisation des ressources génétiques.
Le précédent, moyen d'évaluation du risque naturel
Authors: Planchet Pascal
Published: December 2015

L'étude de la jurisprudence administrative montre comment le juge privilégie la référence à des événements anciens pour établir la responsabilité de l'administration à l'occasion des catastrophes d'origine naturelle. S'il n'est pas le seul moyen pour établir la prévisibilité du risque, le précédent est en tout cas celui qui est utilisé en priorité par les tribunaux. Il est en effet le mieux à même de mettre en évidence le caractère fautif de l'inertie administrative. Lorsqu'il établit les rapprochements entre l'événement ancien et l'événement présent, le juge se fonde sur leur localisation, leur contexte, leur ancienneté et leur intensité. Mais il apprécie toujours avec une grande souplesse les qualités du précédent de façon à étendre la qualification de précédent à des événements plus nombreux. Par ailleurs, il refuse systématiquement de considérer certaines circonstances propres à la collectivité en cause, notamment sa capacité à connaître les sinistres passés et à en évaluer les conséquences, pour apprécier sa responsabilité. Le raisonnement suivi conduit à imposer aux autorités publiques d'agir en présence d'un précédent. Le juge se révèle ainsi être un acteur important de la prévention des risques naturels.
Recherches archéologiques à Bavay, III-IV.
Authors: Hanoune Roger , Muller Arthur
Published: December 2015

III. Voorstelling van de eerste stratigrafische opgravingen in de noordoostelijke hoek van de basiliek op het forum te Bavay. Door het graven van een diepe sleuf in een zaal ten noorden van de oostelijke vieugel kon men in de stratigrafie en in de bouw de twee belangrijkste bouwfazen van de basiliek blootleggen.

IV. Vergelijkîng met een oude peiling aan de westgevel van de basiliek, die de resultaten van de campagne in 1988 schijnt te bevestigen.
A propos d'une fibule gallo-romaine de la collection Louis Théry
Authors: Notte Ludovic , Révillion Stéphane
Published: December 2015

The study of a Gallo-Roman fibula found after archaeological excavations carried out in the XIXth century in the Rue du Faubourg des Postes in Lille and kept in the L. Théry colleciton enables us to underline the existence of a homogeneous group inside the vast collection of enamelled Galo-Roman fibulae. Named the «Lille fibulae» group, these brooches constitute a precise type whose datation remains difficult to establish. A certain number of comparisons (manufacturing, style, pattern, diffusion) could be made with belt plates worn by Roman army auxiliaries.
Gut microbiota in health and disease: an overview focused on metabolic inflammation
Authors: Nagpal R. , Kumar M. , Yadav A.K. , Hemalatha R. , Yadav H. , Marotta F. , Yamashiro Y.
Published: December 2015

In concern to the continuously rising global prevalence of obesity, diabetes and associated diseases, novel preventive and therapeutic approaches are urgently required. However, to explore and develop such innovative strategies, a meticulous comprehension of the biological basis of these diseases is extremely important. Past decade has witnessed an enormous amount of research investigation and advancement in the field of obesity, diabetes and metabolic syndrome, with the gut microbiota receiving a special focus in the triangle of nutrition, health and diseases. In particular, the role of gut microbiota in health and diseases has been one of the most vigorous and intriguing field of recent research; however, much still remains to be elucidated about its precise role in host metabolism and immune functions and its implication in the onset, progression as well as in the amelioration of metabolic ailments. Recent investigations have suggested a significant contribution of the gut microbiota in the regulation and impairment of energy homeostasis, thereby causing metabolic disorders, such as metabolic endotoxemia, insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes. Numerous inflammatory biomarkers have been found to be associated with obesity, diabetes and risk of other associated adverse outcomes, thereby suggesting that a persistent low-grade inflammatory response is a potential risk factor. In this milieu, this review intends to discuss potential evidences supporting the disturbance of the gut microbiota balance and the intestinal barrier permeability as a potential triggering factor for systemic inflammation in the onset and progression of obesity, type 2 diabetes and metabolic syndrome.
Responsible innovation in the light of moral responsibility
Authors: Pellé S. , Reber B.
Published: December 2015

Responsible innovation (RI) has become a powerful tenet of the European Commission discourse on science and society. And yet, the concept has remained surprisingly under-theoretically developed by RI advocates, who appear to be more interested in investigating the ‘ingredients’ or ‘pillars’ of responsibility than the normative dimension of it. In order to fill this gap, the paper below will consider ‘moral responsibility’ in the context of supply chains and innovation networks. It will firstly scrutinize the conception of responsibility developed in corporate social responsibility (CSR) approaches and what impact this conception might have on RI. Somewhat paradoxically, CSR approaches have been neglected by most RI theorists. It will then propose a conceptual mapping of the ten different meanings of responsibility that have emerged in moral philosophy, drawing on a distinction between negative and positive conceptions. Finally, it will scrutinize possible implementation of these various meanings of responsibility in supply chains and innovation networks.
Identidades híbridas: explorando individualidade e conetividade através do microbioma
Authors: Ricou Joana , Dunn Robert R.
Published: December 2015

Somos feitos de muitas partes e muitos tipos de partes. Muitas destas partes são vivas e, como o estudo do microbioma humano revela, a maior parte delas não é de origem humana. Neste projeto, exploro a forma como o microbioma questiona noções de identidade ao oferecer uma nova visão sobre o nosso corpo e ao ocultar a fronteira entre gerações e até, surpreendentemente, entre indivíduos. O resultado varia em torno da criação de retratos que utilizam o microbioma do indivíduo como meio plástico, convidando o próprio sujeito a considerar os seus outros eus, as partes do seu corpo que não são humanas e a refletir sobre as ligações que estas formam. O projeto existe em vários formatos: a criação dos retratos em si é uma performance participativa, e os retratos resultantes são apresentados como uma instalação e como uma galeria online (microbialart.tumblr.com). Este trabalho foi desenvolvido em colaboração com o Dr. Robert R. Dunn e Holly Menninger da North Carolina State University e com a Dra. Julie Urban do North Carolina Museum of Natural Sciences. Colaborar com cientistas foi essencial para encontrar a direção do projeto e apoiar o desenvolvimento do protocolo sobretudo nos aspectos da privacidade e segurança.
Neuston. Experimento 1. Explorando a interface. Uma experiência de diálogo entre ciência e arte no âmbito marinho
Authors: Valverde José Pintado
Published: December 2015

Tomando como metáfora o neuston, que define a comunidade de organismos que vivem na interface água-ar, o projeto propõe uma experiência de pesquisa da interface ciência-arte no âmbito marinho. Proposto como uma experiência transdisciplinar, estabelece uma colaboração entre 15 cientistas do Instituto de Investigacións Mariñas – Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas – e 15 artistas ou literatos. A partir de uma publicação científica, o investigador expõe ao artista um aspeto concreto do seu trabalho, estabelecendo-se um diálogo entre ambos que implica visitas dos artistas aos laboratórios e dos cientistas aos estúdios dos artistas. Baseando-se nesse diálogo, o artista realiza um trabalho de criação artística (pintura, escultura, fotografia, instalação) ou literária (poesia, conto, banda desenhada). As diferentes propostas artísticas resultantes suscitaram uma reflexão sobre: i) as formas de representação e a linguagem, ii) o objeto de estudo e a sua relação formal ou concetual com outros objetos, iii) a contextualização do trabalho de investigação noutros planos (social ou íntimo), ou a sua descontextualização e iv) a prática e os processos de conhecimento científicos, bem como o sujeito-cientista, face à prática e aos processos de conhecimento artístico e do sujeito-artista. Tudo isso implica, finalmente, uma aproximação a um conhecimento mais complexo sobre o objeto de estudo e sobre o sujeito-investigador, que inclui a experiência estética.
Skin & bones: an artistic repair of a science exhibition by a mobile app
Authors: Marques Diana , Costello Robert
Published: December 2015

Due to the costs involved with renovating exhibitions at natural history museums, some permanent exhibits stay on display unchanged for decades. The Bone Hall at the Smithsonian’s National Museum of Natural History has remained intact for 51 years. Here we discuss this exhibition as a stark exemplification of a science-only, art-free approach to communicating ideas and how creative reimaginings of the visitor experience have made it more accessible for the majority of visitors. Within the Bone Hall, mounted skeletons are displayed in static poses without any hint of movement and interpretation of their behaviors and text labels describe, in esoteric language, skeletal details. In a rare opportunity to redesign the visitor experience for an existing exhibition, we produced a mobile app. The app is guided by concepts in the natural sciences, yet inspired by artistic ideas applied to audio, video and 3D animation, which created a multisensory visitor experience. Indispensable to the approach was a production team comprised of individuals rooted in the arts/humanities and sciences. They used their crafts to make science more accessible to non-specialized visitors through audio/visual creations. Interviews and surveys with visitors confirmed the value of producing artistic interpretations of science as a more effective method of communication in the exhibit.
Redescription of immature stages of the soybean looper (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae: Plusiinae)
Authors: Barrionuevo Maria J. , San Blas German
Published: December 2015

Chrysodeixis includens(Walker) is a characteristic Plusiinae (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) species from the Western Hemisphere. The larva have already been found feeding on several different plant families, including economic value crops such as soybeans. This species coexists and can be confused withRachiplusia nu(Guenée) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) in soybean crops. Furthermore, some studies indicate thatC.includensshows tolerance to various insecticides, leading to differentiation among these two species to be most important in relation to control procedures to be undertaken. To contribute to the correct identification ofC.includenswe made detailed redescriptions of all preimaginal stages (egg, larva, and pupa). Immature stages ofC.includenswere reared in laboratory under controlled conditions of 27±2 °C, 70–75% relative humidity, and 14:10 (light/dark) photoperiod. We consider opportune detection of preimaginal stages ofChrysodeixis includenswill help to control this pest species, especially at admissible economical levels.