bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Identification of novel serum peptides biomarkers for female breast cancer patients in Western China
Authors: Yang Juan , Xiong Xiaofan , Liu Siyuan , Zhu Jiang , Luo Mai , Liu Liying , Zhao Lingyu , Qin Yannan , Song Tusheng , Huang Chen
Published: December 2015

This study aimed to identify novel serum peptides biomarkers for female breast cancer (BC) patients. We analyzed the serum proteomic profiling of 247 serum samples from 96 BC patients, 48 additional paired pre‐ and postoperative BC patients, 39 fibroadenoma patients as benign disease controls, and 64 healthy controls, using magnetic‐bead‐based separation followed by MALDI‐TOF MS. ClinProTools software identified 78 m/z peaks that differed among all analyzed groups, ten peaks were significantly different (P < 0.0001), with Peaks 1–6 upregulated and Peaks 7–10 downregulated in BC. Moreover, three peaks of ten (Peak 1, m/z: 2660.11; Peak 2, m/z: 1061.09; Peak 10, m/z: 1041.25) showed a tendency to return to healthy control values after surgery. And these three peptide biomarkers were identified as FGA605‐629, ITIH4 347–356, and APOA2 43–52. Methods used in this study could generate serum peptidome profiles of BC, and provide a new approach to identify potential biomarkers for diagnosis as well as prognosis of this malignancy.
Influence of storage conditions on MALDI‐TOF MS profiling of gingival crevicular fluid: Implications on the role of S100A8 and S100A9 for clinical and proteomic based diagnostic investigations
Authors: Preianò Mariaimmacolata , Maggisano Giuseppina , Lombardo Nicola , Montalcini Tiziana , Paduano Sergio , Pelaia Girolamo , Savino Rocco , Terracciano Rosa
Published: December 2015

Gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) may be a source of diagnostic biomarkers of periodontitis/gingivitis. However, peptide fingerprints may change, depending on GCF collection, handling and storage. We evaluated how storage conditions affect the quality and the reproducibility of MALDI‐TOF profiles of this fluid. GCF was collected on paper strips from four subjects with healthy gingiva. Our findings demonstrated that sample storage conditions significantly affect GCF peptide pattern over time. Specifically, the storage of GCF immediately extracted from paper strips generates less variations in molecular profiles compared to the extraction performed after the storage. Significant spectral changes were detected for GCF samples stored at –20°C directly on the paper strips and extracted after three months, in comparison to the freshly extracted control. Noteworthy, a significant decrease in the peak area of HNP‐3, S100A8, full‐length S100A9 and its truncated form were detected after 3 months at –80°C. The alterations found in the “stored GCF” profile not only may affect the pattern‐based biomarker discovery but also make its use not adequate for in vitro diagnostic test targeting S100A8, S100A9 proposed as potential diagnostic biomarkers for periodontal disease. In summary, this study shows that the best preserved signatures were obtained for the GCF samples eluted in trifluoroacetic acid and then immediately stored at –80°C for 1 month. The wealth of information gained from our data on protein/patterns stability after storage might be helpful in defining new protocols which enable optimal preservation of GCF specimen.
Identifying Success Factors in Construction Projects: A Case Study
Authors: Williams Terry
Published: December 2015

Defining “project success” has been of interest for many years, and recent developments combine multiple measurable and psychosocial factors that add to this definition. There has also been research into success factors, but little research into the causal chains through which success emerges. Following the multi-dimensionality of “success,” this article shows how success factors combine in complex interactions; it describes factors contributing to project performance by a company working on two major construction programs and shows how to map and analyze paths from root causes to success criteria. The study also identifies some specific factors—some generic, some context-dependent—none of these is uncommon but here they come together synergistically.
FGR in the setting of preterm sterile intra‐uterine milieu is associated with a decrease in RDS
Authors: Park Chan‐Wook , Park Joong Shin , Jun Jong Kwan , Yoon Bo Hyun
Published: December 2015

Objective: To determine if fetal growth restriction (FGR) in the setting of sterile intra‐uterine milieu would be associated with a decrease in respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) of preterm‐neonates. Methods: The relationship between FGR and neonatal RDS was examined in 92 singleton preterm‐neonates (gestational age [GA]: 24.5–33.4 weeks) born to mothers with sterile intra‐uterine milieu, which consisted of both sterile amniotic fluid (AF), and inflammation‐free placenta. Sterile AF was defined in the absence of both infection and inflammation in AF. AF inflammation was defined in the presence of AF MMP‐8 ≥23 ng/ml. FGR was defined in the presence of birth‐weight (BW) below the 5th percentile for GA. Results: FGR was present in 32% and RDS was found in 46% of patients. RDS was less common (24% vs. 56%; P < 0.01) and umbilical arterial pH at birth ≤7.15 was more common (33% vs. 13%; P < 0.05) in preterm‐neonates with FGR than in those without FGR. There is a stepwise increase in RDS with increasing BW (i.e., below the 5th percentile, the 5th ∼10th percentile, and above the 10th percentile for GA) (P < 0.01, linear by linear association). Logistic regression analysis demonstrated that FGR was a better independent predictor of a decrease in RDS (OR = 0.049, 95%CI 0.009–0.259, P < 0.0005) than advanced GA at delivery (OR = 0.584, 95%CI 0.423–0.806, P < 0.005) after adjusting for other confounding variables. Conclusion: FGR in the setting of sterile intra‐uterine milieu is associated with a decrease in RDS of preterm‐neonates. This observation suggests that chronic intra‐uterine hypoxic stress related to FGR may be beneficial to fetal lung maturation. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2016;51:812–819. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
On the physical realization of Seiberg duality for branes at the singularity
Authors: Berasaluce‐González Mikel
Published: December 2015

Branes at a singularity give rise to two different toric quiver gauge theories, which are related by Seiberg duality. We study where in the Kähler moduli space each of them is physically realized.
On the uncertainty of individual prediction because of sampling predictors
Authors: Shen Changyu , Li Xiaochun
Published: December 2015

Prediction of an outcome for a given unit based on prediction models built on a training sample plays a major role in many research areas. The uncertainty of the prediction is predominantly characterized by the subject sampling variation in current practice, where prediction models built on hypothetically re‐sampled units yield variable predictions for the same unit of interest. It is almost always true that the predictors used to build prediction models are simply a subset of the entirety of factors related to the outcome. Following the frequentist principle, we can account for the variation because of hypothetically re‐sampled predictors used to build the prediction models. This is particularly important in medicine where the prediction has important and sometime life‐death consequences on a patient's health status. In this article, we discuss some rationale along this line in the context of medicine. We propose a simple approach to estimate the standard error of the prediction that accounts for the variation because of sampling both subjects and predictors under logistic and Cox regression models. A simulation study is presented to support our argument and demonstrate the performance of our method. The concept and method are applied to a real data set. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Effects of non‐solvent and starch solution on formation of starch nanoparticles by nanoprecipitation
Authors: Wu Xiuli , Chang Yanjiao , Fu Youjia , Ren Lili , Tong Jin , Zhou Jiang
Published: December 2015

Starch nanoparticles (SNPs) were prepared with corn starch dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) solution through nanoprecipitation. Effects of non‐solvent nature, solvent/non‐solvent (S/NS) volume ratio, concentration of starch solution, and molecular weight of starch on size of the SNPs were investigated. Solubility and interaction parameters were used to describe affinity of solvent and non‐solvent. It was found that the stronger the affinity, the smaller the mean size of the SNPs. Changes of S/NS volume ratio from 1:5 to 1:30 led to slight decrease in mean size of the SNPs and considerable difference in morphology of the SNPs. The size of the SNPs increased with concentration of starch solution used for precipitation. Through acid hydrolysis, molecular weight of starch was reduced, which resulted in significant decrease in mean size of the SNPs. The lyophilized SNPs could be re‐dispersed in water.
Does route of methamphetamine exposure during pregnancy have an impact on neonatal development and behaviour in rat offspring?
Authors: McDonnell‐Dowling Kate , Kelly John P.
Published: December 2015

Many preclinical studies have aimed to elucidate the effects of methamphetamine (MA) exposure during pregnancy on the offspring in recent years. However, the severity of effects on the neonate may be related to the subcutaneous (sc) route of administration of the drug that is often employed (88% of preclinical studies) and consequently the delivered dose that the foetus is exposed to. To date there is a paucity of comparative studies investigating different routes of administration for MA during pregnancy and it is not known how these different routes compare when it comes to neonatal outcome. Thus, the aim of this study was to determine if the route of administration of MA (oral gavage or sc injection) during pregnancy at a pharmacological dose affects the magnitude of neurodevelopmental and behavioural effects in the resultant rat offspring. Pregnant Sprague‐Dawley dams (n = 10 dams/group) received MA (3.75 mg/kg) or control (distilled water) via oral gavage or sc injection from gestation day 7–21. A range of well‐recognised neurodevelopmental parameters were examined in the offspring. When administered sc, MA significantly reduced maternal weight gain and altered maternal behaviour; mothers spent less time in the nest with pups and spent less time nursing compared to controls. Significant impairments in neurodevelopmental parameters were evident in both MA treatment groups. Somatic development such as pinna unfolding, fur appearance and eye opening were all delayed after MA exposure but these impairments were more pronounced in the MA sc group. Other somatic parameters such as ano‐genital distance and body length were only impeded by sc MA. Behavioural development in the surface righting, inclined plane and forelimb grip tests were also altered for both MA treatment groups. This study demonstrates that prenatal MA can have a profound effect on neonatal outcome, but this can be exacerbated if given via the subcutaneous route, as well as producing additional effects not seen with the oral gavage route. Consequently, the route of administration should be considered when interpreting preclinical studies investigating prenatal MA exposure.
Predictors of outcome of surgery in adults with mesial lesional temporal lobe epilepsy
Authors: Panigrahi Manas , Vooturi Sudhindra , Vadapalli Rammohan , Somayajula Shanmukhi , Madigubba Sailaja , Jayalakshmi Sita
Published: December 2015

Background We report the clinical characteristics and outcome of epilepsy surgery in adult patients with intractable epilepsy due to isolated lesional temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE).

Methods Retrospective analysis of clinical and outcome characteristics in 47 consecutive adult patients with intractable epilepsy due to isolated lesional TLE who underwent epilepsy surgery from November 2009 to January 2015 was done to predictors of outcome.

Results The mean age at surgery of the study population was 30.74 ± 10.85 years with 20 (43.5%) women. While the average age at onset of epilepsy was 20.12 ± 12.52 years, average duration of epilepsy was 10.78 ± 7.96 years. Favourable Engels outcome was observed in 39 (84.8%) of the patients. Findings on histopathology reported glioma in 24 (52.0%) of the patients. On comparing patients with favourable outcome (n = 39) with those with unfavourable outcome (n = 7), age at surgery was significantly higher in patients with unfavourable outcome (40.14 ± 11.69 years vs 29.05 ± 9.92 years; p = 0.011). Higher percentage of patients with unfavourable outcome scored poor on pre-surgical IQ tests (42.9% vs 7.7%; p = 0.037). On further analysis for predictors of outcome, age at surgery (β = 0.858; 95% CI 0.738–0.997) significantly predicts outcome (β = 1.166; 95% CI 0.931–1.461; p = 0.182), whereas pre-surgical poor IQ showed a trend towards being associated with unfavourable outcome (β = 0.079; 95% CI 0.005–1.287; p = 0.075).

Conclusion Surgery for intractable epilepsy due to isolated lesional TLE has favourable outcome in vast majority (84.8%) of carefully selected patients. Age at surgery predicts outcome in these patients.
Deflating ‘Race’
Authors: MCPHERSON LIONEL K.
Published: December 2015

‘Race’ has long searched for a stable, suitable idea, with no consensus on a master meaning in sight. What I call deflationary pluralism about the existence of race recognizes that various meanings may be true as far as they go but avoids murky disputes over whether there are races in some sense. Once we have rejected the notion that racial essences yield innate cognitive differences, there is little point to arguing over the race idea. In its place, I propose the idea of socioancestry, which jettisons racial thinking yet recognizes the social dynamics of color. For example, Black Americans, many of whom have traceable non-African ancestry, constitute an Africa-identified, socioancestrally black subgroup. ‘Race’ talk is not needed to sustain legitimate color-conscious approaches to social identity and social justice. Long-standing fixation on the race idea has obscured the simple truth that visible continental ancestry is the root of the social reality of color consciousness.
Two Ways to Particularize a Property
Authors: GARCIA ROBERT K.
Published: December 2015

Trope theory is an increasingly prominent contender in contemporary debates about the existence and nature of properties. But it suffers from ambiguity concerning the nature of a trope. Disambiguation reveals two fundamentally different concepts of a trope: modifier tropes and module tropes. These types of tropes are unequally suited for metaphysical work. Modifier tropes have advantages concerning powers, relations, and fundamental determinables, whereas module tropes have advantages concerning perception, causation, character-grounding, and the ontology of substance. Thus, the choice between modifier tropes and module tropes is significant and divides the advantages of trope theorysimpliciter. In addition, each resulting trope theory is unstable: modifier trope theory threatens to collapse into realism, and module trope theory threatens to collapse into austere nominalism. This invites reflection on the stability of trope theory in general.
Exact Analytical Hyperbolic Temperature Profile in a Three-Dimensional Media Under Pulse Surface Heat Flux
Authors: Talaee M. R. , Sarafrazi V. , Bakhshandeh S.
Published: December 2015

In this paper three-dimensional hyperbolic heat conduction equation in a cubic media with rectangular cross-section under a pulsed heat flux on the upper side has been solved analytically using the method of separation of variables and the Duhamel integral. The closed form solution of both Fourier and non-Fourier profiles are introduced with both modes of steady and pulsed fluxes. The results show the considerable difference between the Fourier and Non-Fourier temperature profiles. Then the answer procedure is used for modeling of interaction of a cubical tissue under a short laser pulse heating. The effects of pulse duration and laser intensity are studied analytically. Furthermore the results can be applied as a verification branch for other numerical solutions or laser treatments of biological tissues.
Speaker-specific processing and local context information: The case of speaking rate
Authors: REINISCH EVA
Published: December 2015

To deal with variation in the speech signal, listeners rely on local context, such as speaking rate in a carrier sentence directly preceding a target, as well as more global properties of the speech signal, such as speaker-specific pronunciation variants. The present study addressed whether, despite its variability even within one speaker, habitual speaking rate can be tracked as a speaker-specific property and how such speaker-specific tracking of habitual rate would interact with effects of local-rate normalization. In two experiments, listeners were exposed to a 2-min dialogue between a fast and a slow speaker. At test, listeners categorized minimal word pair continua differing in the German /a/–/a:/ duration contrast spoken by the same two speakers. The results showed that listeners responded with /a:/ more often for the fast speaker but only when words were presented in isolation and not when presented with additional local-rate information. That is, despite the general assumption that duration cues and speaking rate are too variable to be used in a speaker-specific fashion, tracking habitual speaking rate may help speech perception. The results are discussed in relation to a belief-updating model of perceptual adaptation and exemplar models.
I. Observations on the Antiquity and Use of Beacons, more particularly here in England. By Mr. Professor Ward, of Gresham College
Authors: Ward
Published: December 2015

In the year 1740, as I was viewing, with a friend, the church at Burton Dasset in Warwickshire, we happened to observe a painted board placed over the entrance into the chancel, but so covered with dust, that neither we, nor the sexton who attended us, knew what to make of it. But as it seemed to represent something uncommon, we desired we might inspect it somewhat more nearly: And when the sexton had taken it down, and washed it, we perceived it was the picture of a coat of arms, with a Beacon for the crest, (as represented in plate I.) and upon further enquiry we found that, by tradition, there had been formerly a Beacon upon the North-west side of the hill where the church stands, erected by one of the Belknap family, who was then lord of that manor. The board that contains this picture, is nineteen inches and a half in height, and fourteen in breadth. The draught here given of it is reduced to the size of one fourth of the original.
II. The Order of the Maundyat Greenwich, March 19, 1572
Authors: Lambarde William
Published: December 2015

First, the hall was prepared with a long table on each side, and forms set by them; on the edges of which tables, and under those forms, were layed carpets, and cushions for her majesty to kneel, when she would wash them (the poor). There was also another table laid across the upper end of the hall, somewhat above the foot pace, for the chappelan to stand at. A little beneath the midst whereof, and beneath the foot pace, a stool and cushion of estate was pitched, for her majesty to kneel at during service time. This done, the holy water, basons, alms, and other things, being brought into the hall; and the chappelan and poor folks having taken their said places, the yeoman of the laundry, armed with a fair towel, and taking a silver bason filled with warm water and sweet flowers, washed their feet, all, one after another wiped the same with his towel, and so, making a cross a little above the toes, kissed them.
IV. Extracts from the Church-wardens Accompts of the Parish of St. Helen's, in Abington, Berkshire; from the first Year of the Reign of Philip and Mary, to the thirty-fourth of Q. Elizabeth; now in the Possession of the Reverend Mr. G. Benson; with some Observations upon them. By J. Ward
Authors: Ward J.
Published: December 2015

The church-wardens accompts of a particular parish may in themselves be justly thought a matter of no great consequence, and not worthy of much regard. But these seem to deserve some consideration, as they relate to a very remarkable period in our history, and prove, by facts, the great alterations that were made in religious affairs under the successive reigns of Q. Mary and Q. Elizabeth, together with the time and manner of putting them in execution; and may therefore serve both to confirm and illustrate several things related by our ecclesiastical historians.
VI. A Letter from Mr. Smart Lethieullier to Mr. Gale, relating to the Shrine of St. Hugh, the crucified Child at Lincoln
Authors: Lethieullier Smart
Published: December 2015

In my journey into the North the last summer, [1736,] I passed some days at Lincoln, on purpose to view the remains of antiquity which that city affords; and indeed none in England can boast of more, or better deserves the labour of a judicious pen.
VIII. Extract of a Letter from M. Johnson, Esq; to William Bogdani, Esq; concerning an extraordinary Interment
Authors: Johnson M.
Published: December 2015

In a letter to me from Mr. Symson, master of the works of the cathedral at Lincoln, dated 28 September last, I was informed, that, in digging a grave at the west end of that church, they opened the foot of an ancient sepulchre.—The corpse was sewed up in a strong tanned leather hide, the seam running up the middle of the breast.—I should suppose it to be some great lay lord, before the custom, prevailed of laying them within the church itself.
IX. Account of Edward the Confessor's Monument. By Mr. Geo. Vertue
Authors: Vertue Geo.
Published: December 2015

As Rapin has made mention of an old inscription on the shrine of K. Edward the Confessor, in Westminster abby, when first erected; it is to be observed, that that which now is there differeth from it, having, as it is said, been wrote, and put in lieu of the former in the reign of K. Richard II. or later.
XIII. A Letter from Smart Lethieullier, Esq; to Mr. Gale, on the Icening-Street, and other Roman Roads in England
Authors: Lethieullier Smart
Published: December 2015

Dr. Stukeley, in his seventh Iter, speaking of a hill a little above Ambrosbury, says, “The Icening-street runs between “this hill and the Bourn river coming from Newbury, as I sup- “pose, through Chute forest, vulgarly called Chute Cause-way, “where, at Lurgishall, it makes a fine terras-walk in the garden “of Sir Philip Meadows; then passes the Bourn river about Tud-“worth, and, so by this place, to the eastern gate of Old Sarum, “the Roman Sorbiodunum.”
XIV. Extract of a Letter from Mr. Richard Willis, of Andover, relating to the Course of the Ikeneld-Street
Authors: Willis Richard
Published: December 2015

I Beg the gentlemen of the Society, and Dr. Stukeley in particular, would observe the Diverticulum Mr. Taylor has shown in his map, or accurate survey of Hampshire, of the Ikeneld street, running from the north-east corner of Sir Philip Meadows' park, which Mr. Taylor calls Chute park to a little house to the S. W. called Scots-Poor. This Diverticulum is called Chute-causeway. Then note what the Dr. says of Chute-causeway, (Itin. Curios. pag. 175.) and they will perceive this is the Ikeneld-street continued from Winchester; consequently, that it does not come from Newbury, as the Doctor supposes: He also says, this is Chute-forest, though vulgarly called Chute-causeway. In this I affirmed he was mistaken, imagining this to be Chute-forest, that Mr. Camden said a causeway ran into, westward from Silchester; but, that that was called the Portway, which Mr. Taylor's map confirms.
XV. The Course of the Erming-street through Northamptonshire; with an Account of a Roman Burying-Place by the Side of it, in the Parish of Barnack. By Charles Frederick, Esq.
Authors: Frederick Charles
Published: December 2015

The great Roman road called the Erming-street, which stretches itself from London into the North of England, having gone through Huntingdonshire, crossed the river Nen, and passed Caster (the Durobrivae of Antoninus), from thence pushes directly to Stamford, about five miles distant from Caster.
XVI. A Letter to the Rev. Mr. Norris, from Mr. Thomas Percival, of Royton, on the Course of the Roman Roads from Manchester, &c.
Authors: Percival Thomas
Published: December 2015

I have traced the Roman roads from Manchester with the utmost care, and find that the Condate of the Romans was Kinderton in Cheshire. The road is visible almost all the way; as is likewise the camp at Kinderton, where the Dane and Weaver join. There is a Roman way from thence to Chester, another to Chesterton, near Newcastle Under-line, and another by Nantwich and Whitchurch to Wroxeter.
XVIII. A Letter from Smart Lethieullier, Esq; to D. Charles Lyttelton, relating to some Antiquities found in the County of Essex
Authors: Lethieullier Smart
Published: December 2015

In a letter I wrote some years ago to my worthy and learned friend Mr. Roger Gale, I acquainted him, that in the year one thousand seven hundred and fifteen, a Roman pavement was discovered in Wansted Park; that it was immediately destroyed by digging holes through it, for planting an avenue of trees, the owner of it having no great taste for things of that nature. But, from the account I got from Mr. Holt, the then surveyor of the works, I found that there was the figure of a man on horse-back plainly to be seen in the centre, with several borders of wreathed work and ornaments, as are usual in these kinds of pavements. From the situation of this pavement, as I remember the ground thirty years ago (though the face of it now is totally changed), viz. upon an easy declivity fronting the south, close by a beautiful well of bright water, and at a small distance from the foundation of a building, which, by the nature and size of the bricks, I was certain, was Roman; I was induced to believe, that this might have been the pavement of a banqueting house belonging to some Roman villa, by reason of the beauty of the situation, its vicinity to the capital, and the Icening-street, which I had the pleasure of shewing you, where it crosses the forest, passes through my eslate, and pushes for the passage cross the river Roden, now called Ilford, though two stone bridges have in more modern times been built there.
XXV. Remarks on the foregoing Narrative; by Mr. Bowman
Authors: Bowman
Published: December 2015

In the parish register of Lisburn, in the county of Antrim, I found the foregoing account, &c. which not being taken notice of by any historian, I present the Society with a faithful copy of it, in the hand-writing of the Reverend Mr. Anthony Rogers, present rector of that parish.
XXVII. An Intaglio of Antinous, under the Figure of Mercury, upon a Cornelian; explained by Mr. Bowman.
Authors: Bowman
Published: December 2015

In the Strozzi collection at Rome, there is an Intaglio upon a Cornelian, of a Mercury, with his Caduceus in his left hand, while his right is raised towards his mouth in a very pensive attitude. Lord Essex bought the stone from the present D. Strozzi, the Pope's nephew, and Captain of his Guards, who is so extravagant and expensive in his pleasures, that he is thought to have sold some of the real antiques, and substituted copies by Costanzain their room, for which reason the Duchess his mother shows them in person. This stone was given to Sir Hugh Smithson (now his Grace the Duke of Northumberland) by Lord Essex; and from various circumstances appears to be the original itself, for which it was bought, upon the opinion of the best connoisseurs in Rome at that time. It must be owned, that Costanza copies antiques with great accuracy, as may be judged from one of his Medusas; but here the workmanship, considering the sweetness of the original, has a very different air from our Mercury, which is upon a stone round in the back, without much transparency, such as he never chuses for shewing his work; nor does the Greek word behind the figure seem to be modern: This is Antinooc, which shews the Mercury to be intended for Adrian's favourite.
XXVIII. On the Trajan and Antonine Pillars at Rome; by Martin Folkes, Esq.
Authors: Folkes Martin
Published: December 2015

The Trajan column at Rome is all of white marble, and consists of 30 stones; whereof 8 make the pedestal, 19 the pillar, and 3 the basis of the statue that.stands on the top.
XXX. Notes on the Walls of ancient Rome; by Daniel Wray, Esq.
Authors: Wray Daniel
Published: December 2015

The measure of the walls of antient Rome is a point where-upon antiquaries have widely disagreed. The passage in Pliny's Nat. Hist. lib. iii. c. 5. to which they all refer, stands thus: “Moenia ejus collegere ambitu, Impp. Censs. que Vespasianis, anno conditae DCCCXXVI, passus XIII. M.CC.” Lipsius adds another x, and makes the circuit ten miles larger: but this insertion has, with very good reason, been rejected by the succeeding critics.
XXXIV. Dissertation, by Dr. Lyttelton, Dean of Exeter, on the Antiquity of Brick Buildings in England, posterior to the Time of the Romans
Authors: Lyttelton
Published: December 2015

As an enquiry into the original of any useful art practised in this kingdom seems to be one of the objects of our institution, I shall beg leave to lay before you some short remarks I have made on the antiquity of our Brick Building, which I am the rather induced to do, as it is a subject which has never been considered, as I know of, by any of our writers on architecture or antiquities.
XLIII. Philological Letters from the celebrated Critic William Baxter to the late Dr. Geeky, when first entered at Cambridge. Communicated by Dr. Sharpe, Master of the Temple
Authors: Sharpe
Published: December 2015

Gratulor tibi ex animo, Willielme dilectissime, tibi omnia procedere rectè, atque ex voto; praecipuè vero Almam Matrem Academiam tuo merito concessisse, quod rarentèr tironibus contingit, et σχολαςικὸν et χαριςικὸν de tuâ munificientiâ. Praeclara sanè et egregia de tuâ indole atque ingenio mecum sperant omnes tui: tu etiam ipse, modò fueris ausus, profectus dabis quos non expectas. In isto certò lumine omnia clariùs videbis. quàm in nostro angulo. Confido tamen neque te olim nostrae amicitiae et puerilis institutionis poeniturum. Subit mihi, ex occasione hâc, communicare tecum quod nuperrimè legenti occurrit de voce βροτὸς, atque etiam βϱότος, quae posterior vox emortuum sanguinem, sive tabum significat. Satis scio tibi nondum excidisse, quod saepiùs à me audieras; linguam scilicet Romanorum constare ferè ex obsoletis Graecis vocabulis. Quod igitur postero tempore communi Graecorum dialecto βροτὸς efferebatur, illud olim μορτὸς fuerat, unde et Latinis, sive adjectivum, sive malis participium, mortuus. Si unde illud nôrim quaeras, praestò est Alexandrinus Ammonius, qui eruditissimè in Aristotelis logicam commentatus est. In libellum ωερὶ ἑρμηνείας haec habet: : quod est, condidimus urbes nos mortales. Graecis autem scriptoribus Graecus poëta Callimachus, cujus Hymni in deos adhuc exstant, ὁ Κυρηναῖος, à patriâ Cyrene dicitur.
L. Ogmius Luciani ex Celticismo illustratus; auctore Frid. Samuel Schmidt, Helvet. Bernas
Authors: Schmidt Frid. Samuel
Published: December 2015

Qui veritatis indagandae studio ea quae de Mercurio vetustas prodidit, diligentius animo volvit, is non modo Gallorum deum, verum etiam, nisi me fallit animus, primum hujus gentis ducem reperiet; quem Galli ut suum heroem, suum ducem, quinimo suum Herculem, caeteris gentibus opposuerunt, utpote non minus strenuum et facundum. Etenim gentium conductores. quae late per terras et maria immensa dispersae, in heroum, imo deorum immortalium numero veteribus fuisse positos, antiqua suadent historiarum monumenta, De Gallis quis dubitet, reliquarum imitatos consuetudinem, primum suum ducem, quisquis ille demum fuerit, eo honoris dignitatisque evexisse, ut reliquis gentium conductoribus aemulum facerent, Hunc esse Herculem ilium Ogmium, de quo, praeter Lucianum, nemo veterum aliquid memoriae prodidit, nova via slabilire decrevi; et circa hunc proavorum nostrorum deum, ea, que vel lectione veterum, vel propria meditatione assecutus sum, paucis expediam.
LIII. Observations on the Round Towers in Ireland:
Authors: Collinson Peter
Published: December 2015

In the parish of Ardmore, and county of Waterford, in Ireland, there is a round tower built of hewn stone, upwards of one hundred feet high, and forty-five feet in circumference at the base; the door is fifteen feet from the ground; the roof is pyramidal, being of stone, very well cut, and closely joined together, and well plaistered within side, from top to bottom, as clean and white as if newly done. The whole fabric is divided into four unequal beltings or stories, with a window to each; having four windows in the upper story. On the top is a kind of cross.
LV. A Letter from the Reverend Dr. James Garden, Professor of Theology in the King's College at Aberdeen, to John Aubrey, Esq. on the circular Stone Monuments in Scotland
Authors: Garden James
Published: December 2015

Yours, dated at London, April 9th, 1692, came to my hands about ten days after; since that time, I have been using my best endeavours for obtaining a satisfactory answer to your queries: if that which I now send you be not such as I desired, and, it may be, you expected, it is none of my fault: for I not only visited sundry of those antiquities (to the number of six or seven), concerning which you desire to be informed; but also employed the assistance of my friends, whereof some were going from this place to other parts of the country, and others live at a distance. I have been waiting all this time for an account of their diligence; and albeit I have not heard as yet from all those persons to whom I wrote and spoke for information, yet I thought it not fit to delay the giving you a return any longer, lest you should apprehend, either that your letter had miscarried, or that I had neglected the contents of it.
LXII. Observations on the Wardrobe Account for the Year 1483; wherein are contained the Deliveries made for the Coronation of King Richard the Third, and some other Particulars relative to the History of that Monarch: by the Reverend Doctor Milles, Dean of Exeter, President of the Society
Authors: Milles
Published: December 2015

It is a misfortune generally attendant on the earlier periods of History, that they want those original and authentic records which are necessary to transmit facts and characters of men in a just and impartial light to posterity.

This is supposed to have been the case with respect to king Richard III; for although the contemporary historians of our own and other kingdoms have charged him with a complication of the most atrocious crimes; yet Mr. Buck, fired with a zeal for the house of York, and for the honour of that king, (in whose service his ancestor, Sir John Buck, fought in Bosworth Field, and afterwards lost his head for it at Leicester), has professedly undertaken to apologize for Richard's character, and, where he could not exculpate him, has taken uncommon pains to extenuate his guilt.
II. The Order of the Maundymade at Greenwich, March 19, 1572
Authors: Lambart William
Published: December 2015

First, the hall was prepared with a long table on each side, and forms set by them; on the edges of which tables, and under those forms, were layed carpets, and cushions for her majesty to kneel, when she would wash them (the poor). There was also another table laid across the upper end of the hall, somewhat above the foot pace, for the chappelan to stand at. A little beneath the midst whereof, and beneath the foot pace, a stool and cushion of estate was pitched for her majesty to kneel at during service time.
X. The Sanctuary at Westminster
Authors: Stukely Wm.
Published: December 2015

On November 14, 1750, I went to survey the old church at Westminster, called The Sanctuary, which they were then pulling down, to make a new market-house. The building itself is as extraordinary in its kind, as that we have no clear account concerning it, in the history of Westminster abby, to which it manifestly belongs.
XI. Account of Lesnes Abby, by Dr. Stukeley
Authors: Stukeley
Published: December 2015

Yesterday, I made a most agreeable journey, tho' it may be called a pilgrimage, to visit the venerable remains of Lesnes abby, at Earith in Kent, founded by Richard de Lucie, lord chancellor, and chief justice to Henry II. He was a near relation to your Lordship's neighbour, Lady Roisia of Roiston. It was impossible that I should not think of giving your Lordship the subsequent account of my observations there, for an amusement, during your retirement from business and cares of state.
XVI. Mr. Watson on the Situation of Coccium
Authors: Watson
Published: December 2015

Having (as I think) discovered the true situation of Coccium, a Roman station, concerning which writers have been considerably divided; I take the liberty to trouble your Lordship with this Letter, which I request may be read before the Society of Antiquaries, that, from the remarks of that learned body, I may be better enabled to pursue my enquiries on this subject.
XX. A short Dissertation on the Amtiquities of the two Ancient Ports of Richborough and Sandwich, by the Isle of Tanet in Kent. Communicated by the Reverend Mr. John Lewis
Authors: Lewis John
Published: December 2015

Three years after the death of the learned John Battely, D. D. Archdeacon of Canterbury, was printed in Latin at Oxford, a beautiful little tract, intituled “Antiquitates Rutupinæ,” or, the Antiquities of Richborough. It is an account of a conversation betwixt him and his two brother-chaplains to archbishop Sancroft, the learned Dr. Henry Maurice, and Mr. Henry Wharton, vicar of Mynstere, in the isle of Tanet, in a very polite and elegant style.–Page 9, he tells them, that he undertakes to shew, that the antient port of Sandwich was bounded within the said limits which he ascribed to the port of Richborough, viz. Peperness to the east, and North-muth to the north.
XIII. A Petition of the City of Winchester to King Henry VI. Communicated by Dr. Ducarel
Authors: Ducarel
Published: December 2015

Besechess fulle humblie your humble trew leige men, the maire, balifs, and comonalitie of your pouere citee of Wynchestre, that, whereas they have ben charged to bere the fee ferme of your said citee, whiche draweth yerlyee to the fomme of an cxii marc, and bere also to the maister of the Hospitalle of Marie Maudalene beside Wynchestre lx s. also when the xv penny or taxe is graunted to your highnesse, it draweth to the somme of li l. x s. iv d. withyne the said citee, the whiche whenne it is levable, sum oon man in the said citee is sette unto iiii marc, and sum v marc, because your said citee is desolate of peple; also expens of Burges of the said citee comyng to your parlements, draweth to iiii s. by the daye, for the which said fee ferme so to be paid, your bailiffs have little or nought of certigntee to arayse it of but oonly of casualtees and yerelie lesen in payment of the said fee ferme xl. l. or more; for which causes above said, nd also for the grete charges and day die costes the which your said pouere citee berethe abowte the enclosyng and meerage of your said citee, it is become right desolate, in so much as many notable parsons ben withdrawen out of the said citee for the causes above said.
XXXI. A Copy of a Letter from Florence; by Mr. John Talman, to the Dean of Christ Church; relating to the Italian Drawings
Authors: Talman John
Published: December 2015

I have lately seen a collection of Drawings, without doubt, the finest in Europe, for the method and number of rare designs; nor is the price, considering the true value, at all too much. Mr. Envoy is of the same opinion, and has desired me to let an abstract of my catalogue, which I am making with all exactness, be copied out, to send to my Lord President.—I send an abstract with this post, as I have done to Mr. Topham.——
XXXII. Extracts relating to a Statue of Venus
Authors: Rogers Cha.
Published: December 2015

Mr. Wray informed the Society, that Mr. Mackinlay, in a letter to the Earl of Morton, dated Rome, January 9th, 1761, gives an account, that in September last, a Venus of most exquisite workmanship, was dug up in the Mons Coelius, near the Clivo Scauri, at Rome. It Is in the possession of the Marquis Carnovallia, who gave fifty Scudi to the workmen, their full demand, on the half of the value, according to agreement; though it is worth some thousands. It is full six feet high, in the same attitude of the Venus de Medicis, with this difference, that the holds her right hand before her breast, and her left supports a light drapery before. On the base, which is of one piece with the statue, and quite entire, is the following inscription.
XXXVII. Some Observations on an antique Marble of the Earl of Pembroke
Authors: S. P.
Published: December 2015

At Lord Pembroke's seat at Wilton, there is a very antient altar of Bacchus, of more consequence than vulgarly imagined. The inscription, which ends in a circle round it (for so Mr. Cowdry describes it, p. 116.) runs thus:

This marble and inscription are unquestionably very old, as I judge both from the form of the letters, and there being no appearance of the four last invented letters of the Greek Alphabet.
L. Observations on the Welsh Castles: By the Honourable Daines Barrington, A. S. S. In a Letter to the late Lord Bishop of Carlisle
Authors: Barrington Daines
Published: December 2015

Having had some conversation with your Lordship last summer with regard to Caerphyli (or Sengenneth Castle), and having afterwards travelled very much, at my leisure, round the sea coast of Wales, I take the liberty of troubling your Lordship with such observations as have occurred to me with relation to these venerable ruins, of which there is such a profusion in the principality.
LI. An Account of some Remains of Roman and other Antiquities, in and near the City of Brecknock, in South Wales: By John Strange, Esquire. In a Letter to the President, Council, and Fellows of the Society of Antiquaries
Authors: Strange John
Published: December 2015

It seems at present generally received among the learned, that the principality of Wales supplies very few remains of Roman antiquities. Some of the inscriptions collected by Camden have scarcely been admitted as genuine by succeeding antiquaries. Upon considering, however, that the second Augustan legion had indisputably their head-quarters at Caerleon in Monmouthshire; that there were other Roman stations (as Maridunum, Luentium, and Segontium) in the more remote parts of the country; and that the eleventh and twelfth Iter in the Itinerary of Antoninus skirted the North and East sides of it; I was hence persuaded, that the intermediate provinces might afford more traces of the Romans than have hitherto been observed; and a late tour through Wales gave me an opportunity of making some enquiries relative to this subject.
LIV. A Copy of a Letter from the Reverend Dr. James Garden, Professor of Theology in the King's College, at Aberdeen, to — Aubrey, Esquire
Authors: Garden James
Published: December 2015

Yours, dated at London, April 9th, 1692, came to my hands about ten days after; since that time, I have been using my best endeavours for obtaining a satisfactory answer to your queries: if that which I now send you be not such as I desired, and, it may be, you expected, it is none of my fault: for I not only visited sundry of those antiquities (to the number of six or seven) concerning which you desire to be informed; but also employed the assistance of my friends, whereof some were going from this place to other parts of the country, and others live at a distance. I have been waiting all this time for an account of their diligence; and albeit I have not heard as yet from all those persons to whom I wrote and spoke for information, yet I thought it not fit to delay the giving you a return any longer, lest you should apprehend, either that your letter had miscarried, or that I had neglected the contents of it.
LVII. A Copy of a Deed in Latin and Saxon, of Odo, Bishop of Baieux, half Brother of William the Conqueror; with some Observations thereon by Samuel Pegge, A.M.
Authors: Pegge Samuel
Published: December 2015

This copy, which is taken from a fine Chartulary in the possession of Thomas Astle, Esquire, is curious both for the instrument itself, and the seal. It was perused by our famous Kentish Antiquary Mr. John Philipot, who tells us, in his account of Wickam-Brews, that, “in the twentieth year of William the “Conqueror, Odo, Bishop of Baion, and Earl of Kent, held this “place of the gift of his half brother, which was that Prince, and “Trendley Park adjoining.
LVIII. The Manner of burienge great Persons in ancient Tymes: From a MS. in the Possession of Sir William Dolben, Baronet
Authors: Dolben William
Published: December 2015

This is the ordinaunce and guyding that perteyneth unto the worshipfull beryyng of ony astate to be done in manner and fourme ensewing.
LIX. An Extract relating to the Burial of K. Edward IV. From a MS. of the late Mr. Anstis, now in the Possession of Thomas Astle, Esquire
Authors: Astle Thomas
Published: December 2015

When that a King annoynted is decessed, aft' his body is fp'ged, it must be washed and clensed by a bishop' for his holy annoyntemt, than the body must be bamed, wrapped in laun, or reynez yf it may be gotyn, than hosyn cherte, & a perer of shone of rede lether, & do on his surcote of cloth, his cap of estate on his hed, and then ley hym on a fair borde cou'ed with cloth of gold, his on hande on his bely & a sep'r in the toder hande, & oon his face a kerchief, & so shewed to his noblez by the space of ii dayez & more yef the weder will it fussre.
TAXONOMY OF MEDICAL DEVICES IN THE LOGIC OF HEALTH TECHNOLOGY ASSESSMENT
Authors: Henschke Cornelia , Panteli Dimitra , Perleth Matthias , Busse Reinhard
Published: December 2015

Objectives: The suitability of general HTA methodology for medical devices is gaining interest as a topic of scientific discourse. Given the broad range of medical devices, there might be differences between groups of devices that impact both the necessity and the methods of their assessment. Our aim is to develop a taxonomy that provides researchers and policy makers with an orientation tool on how to approach the assessment of different types of medical devices.

Methods: Several classifications for medical devices based on varying rationales for different regulatory and reporting purposes were analyzed in detail to develop a comprehensive taxonomic model.

Results: The taxonomy is based on relevant aspects of existing classification schemes incorporating elements of risk and functionality. Its 9 × 6 matrix distinguishes between the diagnostic or therapeutic nature of devices and considers whether the medical device is directly used by patients, constitutes part of a specific procedure, or can be used for a variety of procedures. We considered the relevance of different device categories in regard to HTA to be considerably variable, ranging from high to low.

Conclusions: Existing medical device classifications cannot be used for HTA as they are based on different underlying logics. The developed taxonomy combines different device classification schemes used for different purposes. It aims at providing decision makers with a tool enabling them to consider device characteristics in detail across more than one dimension. The placement of device groups in the matrix can provide decision support on the necessity of conducting a full HTA.