bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Sustainable supply chain, dynamic capabilities, eco‐innovation, and environmental performance in an emerging economy
Authors: Siddiqi Roheel Ahmed , Codini Anna Paola , Ishaq Muhammad Ishtiaq , Jamali Dima Rachid , Raza Ali
Published: October 2024

Organizations can reduce costs and achieve better performance by utilizing supply chain management. However, they face enormous challenges in building eco‐friendly supply chains for harmony with nature, especially in emerging economies. Therefore, the current study seeks to determine the direct impact of sustainable supply chain management practices (SSCM) on environmental performance in Pakistani industries. The mediating role of eco‐innovation and sustainable, dynamic capabilities and the moderating role of institutional support were also tested. The data from 309 key informants were collected using a multisource approach and analyzed via structural equation modeling. The results indicated that SSCM and eco‐innovation positively impact environmental performance, but dynamic capabilities have negatively influenced environmental performance. Additionally, dynamic capabilities and eco‐innovation mediate the relationship between SSCM and eco‐innovation, and institutional support moderates the relationships positively. These results will enhance the theoretical base in supply chain management literature by exploring the role of SSCM in environmental performance. For practical implications, these results help managers in using institutional support to achieve environmental goals.
Comparison of Three Different Extraction Methods on Schizonepeta tenuifolia (Benth.) Briq Essential Oil: Chemical Constituents and in Vitro and in Silico Biological Activities
Authors: He Linhong , Zhang Lijuan , Bai Xi
Published: October 2024

This study evaluated the effects of three extraction methods, hydrodistillation (HD), steam distillation (SD), and lipophilic solvent extraction (LSE), on the yield, chemical composition, and in vitro/in silico biological activities of Schizonepeta tenuifolia (Benth.) Briq essential oil (STEO). The highest yield of STEO was obtained by HD (0.750±0.040 %), followed by SD (0.440±0.020 %) and LSE (0.350±0.030 %). Although their contents varied, menthone and pulegone predominated in HDEO, SDEO, and LSEO. HDEO displayed the strongest antioxidant ability, with a 2,2‐diphenyl‐1‐picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) IC50 value of 14.164±0.090 mg/mL and (2,2′‐azino‐bis (3ethylbenzothiazoline‐6‐sulfonic acid)) (ABTS) value of 0.326±0.023 mg/mL. SDEO demonstrated the highest antimicrobial activity against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli and HDEO the highest potent anti‐inflammatory activity. The molecular docking of menthone and pulegone demonstrated strong binding to inflammatory targets, including prostaglandin‐endoperoxide synthase 1 (PTGS1) and 2 (PTGS2) and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF‐α). In short, the extraction method significantly affected the yield, composition, and biological activity of STEO.
Covalent Modification of Protein by Chemical Probe in Living Cells for Structural and Interaction Studies
Authors: Zheng Zhenxiang , Cheng Yuyu , Li Pengfei , Heng Tan Chris Soon
Published: October 2024

Cellular activities are predominantly carried out by proteins that can dynamically adopt different structural conformations and differentially interact with other biomolecules according to cellular needs. Chemical probes are small molecules used to selectively interact and modulate the activities of specific proteins to study their functions such as the validation of potential drug targets. The remarkable performance of AlphaFold algorithms in the prediction of protein structures has pivoted interest toward elucidating the intracellular dynamics of protein structural conformation where covalent modification of proteins by chemical probes could be used to shed light upon. However, due to the barrier to entry by cell membrane and the general unfavorable reactive conditions of the intracellular environment, most studies using reactive chemical probes are still conducted on purified proteins and cell lysates. Nevertheless, recent progresses have been made in designing chemical probes with improved membrane permeability, stability and reactivity. This paper surveys the literature on recent advancements in membrane‐permeable chemical probes and their applications with protein mass spectrometry for the intracellular studies of protein structural conformations and biomolecular interactions.
Changes of gluten protein composition during sourdough fermentation in rye flour
Authors: Muskovics Gabriella , Farkas Alexandra , Bugyi Zsuzsanna , Tömösközi Sandor
Published: October 2024

Background and Objectives

Celiac disease (CD) is an immune‐mediated condition triggered by gluten consumption. Although more studies stated that gluten proteins are partially degrading during sourdough fermentation, it is still unclear whether the CD toxic epitopes are affected. Our aim was to examine the effect of controlled sourdough fermentation on the gluten content and composition with different sourdough starters in rye flour.

Findings

Despite significant changes in protein size distribution and a decrease in secalin types confirmed by high‐performance liquid chromatography methods, the enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay results showed increased gluten content after fermentation. The incomplete degradation of gluten and the potential resistance of celiac toxic epitopes may explain our results. As part of the R5 antibody binding, epitopes are supposed to be unavailable in the native form of secalins; they might be released and become accessible in the smaller protein fragments.

Conclusions

In comparison of the effect of different starter cultures, the results show that the different microbiological composition of the sourdough samples might be the reason for the differences in the protein degradation.

Significance and Novelty

Results highlight the importance of a deeper investigation of the effects of gluten protein degradation on CD toxicity and the standardization of the fermentation process.
Electrochemical Formation and Removal of Homogeneous Cu Catalysts
Authors: Pirgach Dmitry A. , Miloserdov Fedor M. , van Es Daan S. , Bruijnincx Pieter C. A. , Bitter Johannes H.
Published: October 2024

Transition metal ions and their complexes play a crucial role in homogeneous catalysis. These catalysts are pivotal for the production of, for example, fine chemicals and pharmaceuticals. Nevertheless, because of the homogeneous nature of these catalysts, their extraction and removal from the crude reaction mixture is cumbersome. Here, we propose an alternative approach where metal‐based homogeneous catalysts are generated electrochemically from a metallic anode (Cu), followed by their use without current, and finally again electrochemically deposited on the cathode. The generated Cu ions were used as catalysts in three different reactions of lauroyl peroxide: one ligand‐free (coupling with dienes), one without ligand but with a heteroatom containing substrate (coupling with toluidine and styrene) and one in the presence of 1,10‐phen as ligand (coupling with indazole). In the first two cases, performance of the electrochemically generated catalysts was similar to those reported in literature for classically prepared homogeneous catalysts, whereas in the last case a new reaction was observed. After reaction, the homogeneous copper catalyst could be efficiently removed electrochemically: 99% of the copper could be removed for the ligand‐free reaction, 97% for the amine coupling, whereas 89% of copper could be removed for the reaction containing N‐heterocycle and 1,10‐phenanthroline.
Geochemical Interaction and Bioavailability of Zinc in Soil Under Long‐Term Integrated Nutrient Management in Pearl Millet–Wheat System
Authors: Saroha Diksha , Yadav Narender , Mukhopadhyay Raj , Raj Dev , Sharma Manoj Kumar , Kumar Rohtas , Duhan Anil
Published: October 2024

The degree and severity of zinc (Zn) deficiency in soil reduced the agricultural yield and quality, thus encouraging malnutrition in humans worldwide. The study was hypothesized to increase the bioavailability and release of Zn in soil and Zn biofortification in wheat grains under integrated nutrient management (INM). The long‐term (54 years) experiment laid out in a split‐plot design comprising single (W) and dual (PW) applications of farmyard manure (FYM) (0, 5, 10, and 15 Mg ha−1) and nitrogen (0, 60, and 120 kg ha−1) was studied to understand the distribution of different Zn fractions in soil and their relationship to wheat grain yield and Zn uptake. A laboratory incubation study was performed on surface soils to evaluate the release kinetics of native Zn at field capacity. The different fractions of Zn in soil increased with increasing frequency and levels of FYM application. Residual Zn constituted the maximum proportion (89.03%) of total soil Zn. A high positive correlation (p < 0.01) of diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid (DTPA)‐extractable Zn and total grain Zn content were observed with different Zn fractions. The release kinetics of native soil Zn increased up to 10 days and became almost constant, indicating the establishment of chemical equilibria between the soil solid and solution phase. Thus, long‐term INM ensured higher wheat production (6.08 Mg ha−1) and Zn biofortification (38.95 mg kg−1) to combat Zn malnutrition and achieve the United Nations’ sustainable development goals on “zero hunger” and “good health and well‐being.”
A Dual Action Platinum(IV) Complex with Self‐assembly Property Inhibits Prostate Cancer through Mitochondrial Stress Pathway
Authors: Nafees Muhammad , Hanif Muhammad , Muhammad Asif Khan Raja , Faiz Faisal , Yang Piaoping
Published: October 2024

Platinum(IV) prodrugs are highly promising anticancer agents because they can selectively target tumors and minimize the adverse effects associated with their PtII congeners. In this study, we synthesized dual action PtIV complexes by linking oxoplatin with lithocholic acid. The synthesized compounds, designated as PL‐I, PL‐II, and PL‐III, can spontaneously self‐assemble in water, resulting in the formation of spherical shape nanoparticles. Among the developed complexes, PL‐III appeared to be the most potent compound against all the tested cancer cell lines, with 10 fold higher cytotoxicity compared to cisplatin in PC3 cells. The complex arrests the cell cycle in the S and G2 phases and induces DNA damage. Additional mechanistic investigations demonstrate that PL‐III predominantly localizes within the mitochondria and cytoplasm. Consequently, PL‐III disrupts mitochondrial membrane potential, increases ROS production, and perturbs mitochondrial bioenergetics in PC3 cells. The complex induces apoptosis through the mitochondrial pathway by upregulating pro‐apoptotic protein expression and downregulating anti‐apoptotic protein expression from the BCl‐2 protein family. These results demonstrate that higher cellular uptake and reduction of PL‐III by biological reductants in PC3 cells resulted in a synergistic effect of lithocholic acid and cisplatin, which can be easily observed due to its unique cytotoxic mechanism. This further underscores the significance of dual‐action PtIV complexes in enhancing the efficacy of cancer therapy.
Turn on the lights! Building the evidence base to inform cancer of sexual and gender minority groups
Authors: Chang Shine
Published: October 2024

For decades, inattention to the cancer burden affecting sexual and gender minority groups achieved by not collecting data on sexual orientation and gender identity from patients with cancer has hobbled estimation of trends and risk of cancer for sexual and gender minority groups as well as identification of disparities, blinding us to gaps in knowledge and to unaddressed patient needs. Until regional and national surveillance data are available to facilitate measurement of trends and disparities, we must recognize the benefit of resources like the Nurses’ Health Study II to produce valuable insights.
Self‐rated health is an independent predictor of subsequent late mortality after blood or marrow transplantation: A Blood or Marrow Transplant Survivor Study report
Authors: Balas Nora , Richman Joshua , Landier Wendy , Shrestha Sadeep , Bruxvoort Katia J. , Hageman Lindsey , Meng Qingrui , Ross Elizabeth , Bosworth Alysia , Te Hok Sreng , Wong F. Lennie , Bhatia Ravi , Forman Stephen J. , Armenian Saro H. , Weisdorf Daniel J. , Bhatia Smita
Published: October 2024

Background

The prevalence of suboptimal self‐rated health (SRH) and its association with subsequent all‐cause and cause‐specific mortality after blood or marrow transplantation (BMT) were examined.

Methods

Study participants were drawn from the multicenter Blood or Marrow Transplant Survivor Study, and included patients who were transplanted between 1974 and 2014 and had survived ≥2 years after BMT. Participants (aged ≥18 years) completed a survey at a median of 9 years from BMT, and were followed for a median of 5.6 years after survey completion. Survivors provided information on sociodemographic factors, chronic health conditions, health behaviors, and SRH (a single‐item measure rated as excellent, very good, good, fair, or poor; excellent, very good, and good SRH were classified as good SRH, and fair and poor were classified as suboptimal SRH). The National Death Index Plus and Accurint databases and medical records provided vital status through December 2021.

Results

Of 3739 participants, 784 died after survey completion (21%). Overall, 879 BMT survivors (23.5%) reported suboptimal SRH. Pain, low socioeconomic status, psychological distress, lack of exercise, severe/life‐threatening chronic health conditions, post‐BMT relapse, obesity, smoking, and male sex were associated with suboptimal SRH. BMT survivors who reported suboptimal SRH had a 1.9‐fold increased risk of all‐cause mortality (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.6–2.3), 1.8‐fold increased risk of recurrence‐related mortality (95% CI, 1.4–2.5), and 1.9‐fold increased risk of non–recurrence‐related mortality (95% CI, 1.4–2.4) compared to those who reported good SRH.

Conclusions

This single‐item measure could help identify vulnerable subpopulations who could benefit from interventions to mitigate the risk for subsequent mortality.
Fish That Fish for Fish—A Peculiar Location of “Fishing Motoneurons” in the Striated Frogfish Antennarius striatus
Authors: Hagio Hanako , Nishino Hirotaka , Miyake Kenta , Sato Nene , Sawada Kei , Nakayama Tomoya , Yamamoto Naoyuki
Published: October 2024

In lophiform teleosts, the first dorsal fin has evolved as a specialized structure called the “illicium” equipped with the esca, which is a modified skin flap used to attract small fish for predation. The motor control system of the illicium, however, remained unknown. The present study investigated the innervation of muscles for the illicium and morphology of motoneurons innervating them in the striated frogfish Antennarius striatus. We found that the dorsal ramus of occipital nerve innervates the muscles. Motoneurons for the illicium are present in the dorsolateral zone of ventral horn at the medullo‐spinal boundary level, forming a cluster somewhat distinct from other motoneurons of the ventral horn. Motoneurons for the second to fourth dorsal fins and pectoral fin were located in the ventrolateral and ventromedial zones of ventral horn, respectively, whereas those of the dorsal trunk muscle in the dorsomedial zone of ventral horn. Motoneurons for the first dorsal spine of white‐spotted pygmy filefish were also investigated for species comparison and were found to locate in the ventrolateral zone of ventral horn, similarly to the motoneurons for the second to fourth dorsal fins of the frogfish. These results suggest that motoneurons for the illicium have become segregated from other motoneurons to be situated in an unusual dorsal position for a motoneuron pool of a dorsal fin, in concert with the evolution of specialized “fishing behavior” performed by the illicium.
Neuromuscular Transmission in a Biological Context
Authors: Slater Clarke R.
Published: October 2024

Neuromuscular transmission is the process by which motor neurons activate muscle contraction and thus plays an essential role in generating the purposeful body movements that aid survival. While many features of this process are common throughout the Animal Kingdom, such as the release of transmitter in multimolecular “quanta,” and the response to it by opening ligand‐gated postsynaptic ion channels, there is also much diversity between and within species. Much of this diversity is associated with specialization for either slow, sustained movements such as maintain posture or fast but brief movements used during escape or prey capture. In invertebrates, with hydrostatic and exoskeletons, most motor neurons evoke graded depolarizations of the muscle which cause graded muscle contractions. By contrast, vertebrate motor neurons trigger action potentials in the muscle fibers which give rise to all‐or‐none contractions. The properties of neuromuscular transmission, in particular the intensity and persistence of transmitter release, reflect these differences. Neuromuscular transmission varies both between and within individual animals, which often have distinct tonic and phasic subsystems. Adaptive plasticity of neuromuscular transmission, on a range of time scales, occurs in many species. This article describes the main steps in neuromuscular transmission and how they vary in a number of “model” species, includingC. elegans,Drosophila, zebrafish, mice, and humans. © 2024 American Physiological Society.Compr Physiol14:5641‐5702, 2024.
Maternal Microvascular Dysfunction During and After Preeclamptic Pregnancy
Authors: Schwartz Kelsey S. , Stanhewicz Anna E.
Published: October 2024

Preeclampsia, a pregnancy disorder characterized by
de novo
hypertension and maternal multisystem organ dysfunction, is the leading cause of maternal mortality worldwide and is associated with a fourfold greater risk of cardiovascular disease throughout the lifespan. Current understanding of the etiology of preeclampsia remains unclear, due in part to the varying phenotypical presentations of the disease, which has hindered the development of effective and mechanism‐specific treatment or prevention strategies both during and after the affected pregnancy. These maternal sequelae of preeclampsia are symptoms of systemic vascular dysfunction in the maternal nonreproductive microvascular beds that drives the development and progression of adverse cardiovascular outcomes during preeclampsia. Despite normalization of vascular disturbances after delivery, subclinical dysfunction persists in the nonreproductive microvascular beds, contributing to an increased lifetime risk of cardiovascular and metabolic diseases and all‐cause mortality. Given that women with a history of preeclampsia demonstrate vascular dysfunction despite an absence of traditional CVD risk factors, an understanding of the underlying mechanisms of microvascular dysfunction during and after preeclampsia is essential to identify potential therapeutic avenues to mitigate or reverse the development of overt disease. This article aims to provide a summary of the existing literature on the pathophysiology of maternal microvascular dysfunction during preeclampsia, the mechanisms underlying the residual dysfunction that remains after delivery, and current and potential treatments both during and after the affected pregnancy that may reduce microvascular dysfunction in these high‐risk women. © 2024 American Physiological Society.
Compr Physiol
14:5703‐5727, 2024.
Combination Energetic Materials Consisting of Strained Rings Combined with High Heat of Formation Tetrazoles
Authors: Zuckerman Jake E. , St Myer Montgomery C. , Zeller Matthias , Piercey Davin G.
Published: October 2024

The reaction of cyanogen azide with strained‐ring containing primary and secondary amines led to the isolation of energetic molecules deriving their energy content from both strained rings as well as aminotetrazoles. Azo‐coupling of these materials afforded novel high‐nitrogen energetic materials of very high sensitivity. All compounds were chemically characterized by IR, NMR, single‐crystal X‐ray crystallography, and high‐resolution mass spectrometry. Their impact and friction sensitivities were experimentally determined, and their energetic performances were calculated.
Why mow?: A review of the resulting ecosystem services and disservices from mowing turfgrass
Authors: Patton Aaron J.
Published: October 2024

Turfgrasses are those grasses that tolerate frequent mowing. The act of mowing turfgrasses, primarily lawn mowing, has received much negative attention primarily due to its labor requirement and the resulting mower emissions. This paper provides a comprehensive review of the benefits and drawbacks of mowing grasses, specifically turfgrasses used on lawns, parks, golf courses, and sports fields, using an ecosystem services and disservices framework. Discussed is the challenge of creating a “one‐size‐fits‐all” approach to selecting the best mowing management practices and sociocultural tensions that exist related to lawn mowing. Discussion also includes the benefits and value gained from mowing turfgrass and strategies to mitigate ecosystem disservices that result from mowing.
A deep learning‐based channel estimation and joint adaptive hybrid beamforming approach for mm‐wave massive MIMO with group‐of‐subarrays
Authors: Srinivas Ch V V S , Borugadda Somasekhar
Published: October 2024

Millimeter‐wave massive multiple‐input‐multiple‐output (MIMO) is a wireless communication that enables communication at extremely high data rates. It is widely used to expand communication bandwidth to improve spectral and energy efficiency. The mm‐wave system is usually based on the radio frequency (RF) chain. Beamforming is used to minimize the interface signal and maximize each user's received signal power. The hybrid beamforming method uses channel estimation and beam generation techniques that improve overall performance and save energy. There are various limitations and disadvantages arising from different techniques of the MIMO system. Hence, the proposed model is introduced to enhance the performance and maximize the spectral and energy efficiency. Initially, the optimal RF chain selection and channel optimization are done by the differential evolution firefly‐assisted optimized channel compression‐reconstruction (DEF_OCCR) network. In this research, the RF chain selection process is done using hybrid differential evolution firefly optimization. A robust autoencoder‐driven deep learning model is proposed for channel estimation after RF chain selection. Finally, the deep learning convolutional joint adaptive hybrid beamforming network (DConvHB) is used for beamforming to maximize spectral efficiency. The overall performance of this work is analyzed using several existing models to describe its superiority. The average system throughput is 12.85 bits, and the spectral efficiency of the proposed model is 5 bits for 10 dB and 32.18 bits for 13 dB. The proposed energy efficiency model is 1.73 bits and 4.96 bits for 10 dB.
Habitat area more consistently affects seagrass faunal communities than fragmentation per se
Authors: Yarnall Amy H. , Yeager Lauren A. , Lopazanski Cori , Poray Abigail K. , Morley James W. , Hurlbert Allen H. , Fodrie F. Joel
Published: October 2024

Seminal ecological theories, island biogeography and the single large or several small (SLOSS) reserve debate, examine whether large contiguous habitats conserve biodiversity better than multiple smaller patches. Today, delineating the ecological effects of habitat area versus configuration in a fragmentation context remains difficult, and often confounds efforts to understand proximate and ultimate drivers of community change in response to habitat alteration. We examined how the major components of fragmentation, habitat division versus area loss, independently influence faunal communities using landscapes constructed from artificial seagrass at scales relevant for juvenile estuarine nekton. We deployed 25 unique, 234‐m2 landscapes designed along orthogonal axes: habitat percent cover (i.e., area) and fragmentation per se (i.e., patchiness) to examine their effects on faunal density, community composition, and probability of bait‐assay consumption. Faunal sampling occurred in both artificial seagrass and interspaced sandflat matrix. We also examined whether larval‐settler density drove faunal density patterns across landscapes. Further, we assessed the relative importance of landscape‐scale parameters versus fine‐scale complexity–canopy height and epiphyte biomass–in determining faunal densities. We most consistently observed increasing epibenthic fish and macroinvertebrate density with increasing seagrass percent cover. Fragmentation per se only negatively affected epibenthic faunal density within the matrix at low seagrass coverage. Bait consumption increased with seagrass cover, suggesting larger habitats are relative foraging hotspots. Alternatively, benthopelagic fish density was unaffected by habitat parameters, reflecting lower seagrass reliance, or increased matrix tolerance. Community compositions did not vary across landscapes, suggesting that abundant species used landscapes indiscriminately. Finally, the relative importance of habitat parameters shifted across faunal guilds and life stages. Landscape percent cover most affected epibenthic faunal density, but not benthopelagic fish density, and neither pattern was related to settler density. Further, only fine‐scale complexity influenced settler densities. Collectively, our results indicate habitat area is a primary, positive driver of faunal densities and generalist consumption, and therefore should be prioritized in seagrass conservation. However, sampling across spatial scales and habitat types revealed nuances in habitat use patterns among faunal guilds and life stages that were not solely area‐dependent, illustrating that a variety of landscape configurations support essential nursery functions.
Harvest sustainability assessments need rethinking under climate change: A ringed seal case study from Svalbard, Norway
Authors: Nater Chloé R. , Lydersen Christian , Andersen Magnus , Kovacs Kit M.
Published: October 2024

Throughout the Arctic, ice‐affiliated marine mammals constitute local subsistence resources but detrimental effects of declines in their sea ice habitats create a need for harvest sustainability assessments in light of climate change. At the same time, empirical data required for thorough population analysis of these species are often sparse at best, as illustrated by the focal species in this study, ringed seals in Svalbard: the last population survey took place two decades ago (2002–2003), demographic data are limited to age, sex, and reproductive status of a small subset of shot individuals, and harvest reporting is patchy and incomplete. Data sparsity is one of the main reasons why potential biological removal (PBR) became a commonly used tool for assessing sustainability of marine mammal harvests. Herein, we calculated PBR for Svalbard ringed seals using both recommended default parameters and population‐specific parameters obtained from an integrated population model (IPM). PBR estimates were highly uncertain, suggesting the number of sustainably harvestable individuals could lie anywhere between 0 and 91, with a substantial chance of any harvest being unsustainable under current environmental conditions and trends. Subsequent population viability analyses (PVAs) further confirmed that the current harvest was likely unsustainable, even in a scenario in which sea ice conditions would not deteriorate (and therefore lower pup survival) further. However, uncertainty in population projections was high, and forecasts thus not ideal for formulating management advice. Better forecasts will require more frequent population surveys and obtaining more knowledge regarding the links between vital rates and environmental conditions, both of which may be facilitated by the adoption of novel technology (e.g., drone monitoring, genetic studies). The modeling framework created in this study can be readily updated with new data as they become available, and can serve as a tool for adaptive management of this and other marine mammal populations.
In‐Situ Constructing a Mixed‐Conductive Interfacial Protective Layer for Ultra‐Stable Lithium Metal Anodes
Authors: Li Liansheng , Zhang Yijie , Long Zuxin , Meng Pengyu , Liang Qinghua
Published: October 2024

Lithium metal batteries are the most promising next‐generation energy storage technologies due to their high energy density. However, their practical application is impeded by serious interfacial side reactions and uncontrolled dendrite growth of lithium metal anode. Herein, copper 2,4,5‐trifluorophenylacetate is designed and explored to stabilize lithium metal anode by in‐situ constructing a dense and mixed‐conductive interfacial protective layer. The formed passivated layer not only significantly inhibits interfacial side reactions by avoiding direct contact between lithium metal anode and electrolyte but also effectively suppresses lithium dendrite growth due to the unique inorganic‐rich compositions and mixed‐conductive properties. As a result, the copper 2,4,5‐trifluorophenylacetate‐treated lithium metal anodes show greatly improved cycle stability under both high current density and high areal deposition capacity. Notably, the assembled liquid symmetrical cells with copper 2,4,5‐trifluorophenylacetate‐treated lithium metal anodes can stably work for more than 3000, 5000, and 4800 h at 1.0 mA cm−2–1.0 mAh cm−2, 2.0 mA cm−2–5.0 mAh cm−2, and 10 mA cm−2–5.0 mAh cm−2, respectively. Furthermore, the assembled liquid full cell with a high LiFePO4 loading (~16.9 mg cm−2) shows a significantly enhanced cycle life of 250 cycles with stable Coulombic efficiencies (>99.1%). Moreover, the assembled all‐solid‐state lithium metal battery with a high LiNi0.6Co0.2Mn0.2O2 loading (~5.0 mg cm−2) also exhibits improved cycle stability. These findings underline that the copper 2,4,5‐trifluorophenylacetate‐treated lithium metal anodes show great promise for high‐performance lithium metal batteries.
The roles and unexplored potential of policy experimentation in climate adaptation governance: A systematic literature review
Authors: Cosoveanu Flavia Simona , Hegger Dries , Mees Heleen , Buijs Jean‐Marie , Terpstra Teun , Driessen Peter P. J.
Published: October 2024

Policy experimentation has emerged globally as a novel governance approach to address complex socio‐environmental problems. In the climate adaptation literature, policy experiments that test technical and governance innovations on a small scale in real‐world conditions are increasingly utilized to explore new pathways for climate adaptation. However, there is a lack of empirical evidence on how policy experiments lead to transformative change in climate adaptation governance, particularly regarding their role as a change strategy. This systematic literature review aims to thoroughly investigate the topic by mapping the empirical characteristics of policy experiments, their role and their outcomes. An existing analytical framework was adapted to fulfill this objective by qualitatively and quantitatively analyzing 27 empirical papers. The findings reveal that policy experiments in climate adaptation often address multiple climate hazards, sectors and actors, yet they are spatially and temporally limited, being predominantly located in Europe. Moreover, the study highlights the transformative potential of policy experiments in climate adaptation governance, emphasizing their effectiveness in testing technical and governing innovations, as well as implementing adaptation policies. Policy experiments predominantly contribute to social learning rather than direct policy changes, requiring specific strategies to upscale the knowledge generated. We conclude the paper with a research agenda that stresses the need for more cumulative and comparative (post)assessments of climate adaptation experiments. This is important given the potential of policy experiments as governing approaches in the advancement of climate adaptation.
Rapid and General Access to α‐Halogenated Carbonyl Compounds Using Amidine Halide Salts as Halogen Sources under Mild Conditions
Authors: Li Lewan , Luo Mengxiang , Liu Shuntian , Lv Jian , Zeng Jie , Yan Qiongjiao , Liao Jie , Wang Haifeng , Gu Shuangxi
Published: October 2024

Rapid and efficient construction of α‐haloketones with diazo compounds and amidine ⋅ HX (X=Cl, Br, I) salts as halogen sources has been recognized as a simple and practical strategy. The reaction exhibits a broad scope and scalability, thereby enabling synthesis of a broad spectrum of functionally orchestrated α‐haloketones under mild and metal‐free conditions in a short time. Control experiments established the involvement of triffate 10 in the mechanism.
Feasibility and design of nonlinear negative‐stiffness isolating approach for solid‐rocket‐motor‐type structures
Authors: Wang Yanchao , Gao Jie , Wang Xueren , Zhao Zhipeng , Zhang Yanshen
Published: October 2024

Solid rocket motor (SRM)‐type structures are popular due to their reliability, considering that service safety during transportation can be improved by applying advanced vibration control technologies. In this study, a negative‐stiffness‐enhanced isolation system (NSeIS) with appropriately designed linear and nonlinear properties was developed to vertically isolate SRMs subjected to transportation‐ and deployment‐induced vibrations. The NSeIS design, based on the combination of a negative‐stiffness device and vertical isolator, involved a clear mechanical model, physical realization, and mechanical properties. Parametric analyses were performed on a typical SRM controlled with a linear and nonlinear NSeIS and a conventional isolation system. Subsequently, a feasible parameter domain and design recommendations were deduced. Finally, design cases for the SRM for time‐domain verification were considered. The results revealed that the NSeIS offers a flexible and enhanced isolating effect through the parallel arrangement of the negative‐stiffness device and conventional isolators. For the motor‐type structure, NSeIS ensures marked enhancements in performance and multiple levels of mitigation effects. Thus, compared with a conventional isolator with the same damping, NSeIS achieves a more substantial negative‐stiffness effect for a large displacement response range owing to its nonlinear property. NSeIS can isolate more vibration‐induced energy, thereby suppressing the interface Mises stress, which is essential for SRM‐type structures.
Time Frequency Analysis Based Fault Detection in PV Array Using Scaling Basis Chirplet Transform
Authors: Joga S Ramana Kumar , SaiPrakash Chidurala , Velpula Srikanth , Mohapatra Alivarani , Kambo Theophilus A. T.
Published: October 2024

Photovoltaic (PV) arrays have gained significant attention in recent years due to their potential for sustainable energy generation. However, the reliable operation of PV arrays is crucial for optimal performance and long‐term durability. The early detection of faults in PV arrays is vital to prevent further damage, improve maintenance strategies, and ensure uninterrupted energy production. In this study, we propose a novel fault detection method based on Time Frequency Analysis (TFA) using the Scaling Basis Chirplet Transform (SBCT). In this proposed fault detection method, PV array signal is decomposed into a set of chirplets using the SBCT. The chirplets represent localized time‐frequency components that can capture the dynamic behavior of the PV array signal. To evaluate the effectiveness of the proposed method, extensive simulations and experiments are conducted using real‐world PV array data. The SBCT with combination of various machine learning algorithms is proposed to detect faults in PV array. SBCT in combination with Support Vector Machine, Decision Tree, Random Forest, and ANN classifiers are able to detect faults in PV array with 99%, 98.5%, 99.2%, and 99.5% accuracies in no shading condition and 88%, 85%, 89%, and 89.5% accuracies in severe shading condition. The proposed method achieves high accuracy and robustness in detecting various types of faults in PV arrays, even in the presence of noise and uncertainties. The proposed fault detection method using TFA based on the SBCT offers a promising solution for efficient and reliable fault detection in PV arrays. It enables early fault detection, facilitating timely maintenance and minimizing energy losses. The proposed approach can contribute to enhancing the overall performance, reliability, and lifespan of PV arrays, thereby advancing the adoption of renewable energy sources and promoting sustainable development.
Identifying the infraslow activity associated with faciobrachial dystonic seizures in EEG
Authors: Wennberg Richard , Hébert Julien , Tang‐Wai David
Published: October 2024

Content available: Video.
Novel lattice Boltzmann method for simulation of strongly shear thinning viscoelastic fluids
Authors: Kellnberger Richard , Jüngst Tomasz , Gekle Stephan
Published: October 2024

The simulation of viscoelastic liquids using the Lattice–Boltzmann method (LBM) in full three dimensions remains a formidable numerical challenge. In particular the simulation of strongly shear‐thinning fluids, where the ratio between the high‐shear and low‐shear viscosities is large, is often prevented by stability problems. Here we present a novel approach to overcome this issue. The central idea is to artificially increase the solvent viscosity which allows the method to benefit from the very good stability properties of the LBM. To compensate for this additional viscous stress, the polymer stress is reduced by the same amount. We apply this novel method to simulate two realistic cell carrier fluids, methyl cellulose and alginate solutions, of which the latter exhibits a viscosity ratio exceeding 10,000.
Progress in essential oil extraction and their applications in food packaging and preservation
Authors: Borah Ridhi , Purkayastha Manashi Das , Malakar Madhusmita , Mukherjee Avik , Roy Arnab , Kumar Santosh
Published: October 2024

Essential oils (EOs) are secondary metabolites synthesised by many aromatic plants, which have good antimicrobial and antioxidant activities making them popular functional agents for food preservation and packaging applications. In recent years, novel extraction techniques, such as super critical fluid extraction, pulsed electric field assisted extraction and ultrasound assisted extraction have been explored as alternatives to the conventional solvent‐based extraction methods. This review mainly discusses on recent progresses in sustainable extraction of essential oil (EO) from aromatic plants and food processing wastes and their functional properties, and applications in food preservation have also been summarised. Sustainable extraction techniques yield better‐quality EO due to low temperature and short time process compared to the conventional extraction. Despite efficacy of EOs as good active agents, their low water solubility, volatile nature, strong flavour, and susceptibility to food processing parameters are major challenges against their applications in food. These challenges can be mitigated by advanced techniques such as encapsulation and nanoemulsification of EO, which provide dual functions of enhanced applicability and improved functional properties. Incorporation of EO in the biopolymer‐based films and coatings can open avenues for sustainable food packaging and preservation.
Influence of Aloe Vera Gel and Safe Salts on Storage Quality of Minimally Processed Carrot
Authors: Dey Swagata , Ali Mohammad , Hasan Md. Fakhrul , Labib Litun Ahmed
Published: October 2024

This experiment investigated the impact of aloe vera gel and safe salts on the physical quality and physicochemical properties of minimally processed carrots during storage, aiming to determine the most effective edible coating postharvest treatment. The experiment employed a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with three replications. Results indicated significant (p ≤ 0.01) effects of various treatments on the physical quality and physicochemical properties of carrots compared to untreated ones. Freshly harvested carrots were subjected to different treatments, including a control (T1), 30% aloe vera gel (T2), 1% NaCl (T3), and 1.5% NaHCO3 (T4), combinations thereof, such as 30% aloe vera gel with 1% NaCl (T5) or 1.5% NaHCO3 (T6), and 1% NaCl with 1.5% NaHCO3 (T7), and a combination of 30% aloe vera gel with 1% NaCl and 1.5% NaHCO3 (T8). Among the treatments, the combination of 30% aloe vera gel and 1% NaCl (T5) exhibited the most promising results after nine days of storage, with the lowest weight loss (1.19%), highest firmness (3.80 N), total soluble solids (TSS) content (8.40%), titratable acidity (0.477%), ascorbic acid content (9.02 mg/100 g FW), anthocyanin content (28.84 μg/g FW), phenol content (4.278 mg/100 g FW), and total sugar content (13.32%). This treatment effectively protected carrots from undesirable color, texture, and flavor changes during storage. The utilization of natural‐source‐based edible coatings containing health‐promoting additives presents a viable strategy to enhance both the internal and external qualities of minimally processed carrots. Overall, the edible coating comprising 30% aloe vera gel and 1% NaCl emerges as a promising approach for preserving the quality of minimally processed carrots.
Effect of anesthetic technique on antitumor immunity in patients undergoing surgery for gall bladder cancer: A prospective randomized comparative study
Authors: Sharma Ankit , Kumari Lata , Ratre Brajesh Kumar , Khan Maroof Ahmad , Kumar Sunil , Deepak Rakesh Kumar , Kumar Vinod , Gupta Nishkarsh , Garg Rakesh , Mishra Seema , Bhatnagar Sushma , Bharati Sachidanand Jee
Published: October 2024

There is a paucity of literature regarding the effect of anesthetic techniques on antitumor immunity, especially in gall bladder malignancies. We designed a study to compare the effect of propofol‐based total intravenous anesthesia and sevoflurane‐based general anesthesia—on antitumor immunity, including tumor growth factor‐β (TGF‐β), T‐helper cell profile, and inflammatory markers. A pilot prospective randomized trial was conducted in 64 patients undergoing surgery for gall bladder malignancy under general anesthesia in a tertiary specialty cancer hospital. Adult cancer patients of ASA physical status I‐III fulfilling the inclusion criteria were randomized to either group S (sevoflurane‐based general anesthesia) or group T (propofol‐based total intravenous anesthesia). Preoperative (morning of surgery) and postoperative (24 h and 1 month after surgery) blood samples were obtained. Demographic profile and preoperative parameters were comparable between both groups. There was a statistically significant difference in the postoperative value of TGF‐β (higher in group T). There was a statistically significant difference in postoperative interleukin‐17A value (indicative of TH17 cells), and it was found to be higher in group S. Propofol‐based TIVA increases serum TGF‐β levels. At the same time, Sevoflurane modulates T‐helper cells‐based immunity to increase TH17 cells in patients with gall bladder cancer. Multiple larger studies will be required to validate the results and provide useful recommendations.
Engaging Indigenous communities in research to inform practice: The multisite implementation evaluation of Tribal home visiting
Authors: Salvador Melina , Abrahamson‐Richards Tess , Lyon Kate , Whitesell Nancy Rumbaugh
Published: October 2024

Community engagement (CE) is widely acknowledged as a way to enhance the ethics, rigor, and impact of research. Additionally, CE is a demonstrated way to integrate Indigenous and colonial (western) research systems. For these reasons and others, designers of the Multi‐site Implementation Evaluation of Tribal Home Visiting (MUSE) used a community‐engaged approach to study the implementation of federally funded home‐visiting programs across 17 Indigenous communities throughout the United States. This paper describes MUSE's community‐engaged approach and its practical applications from the perspective of the MUSE study team. The paper highlights key outcomes attributable to CE, addresses barriers to CE, and details responses to these barriers and their impacts. Adding to the rich evidence base demonstrating the value of community‐engaged approaches, MUSE demonstrates that in‐depth CE is feasible and valuable in multisite studies done in partnership with Indigenous communities.
Spatially Resolved Fibre‐Optic Probe for Cervical Precancer Detection Using Fluorescence Spectroscopy and PCA‐ANN‐Based Classification Algorithm: An In Vitro Study
Authors: Shukla Shivam , Deo Bhaswati Singha , Nemichand  , Singh Pankaj , Pandey Prabodh Kumar , Pradhan Asima
Published: October 2024

Cervical cancer can be detected at an early stage through the changes occurring in biochemical and morphological properties of epithelium layer. Fluorescence spectroscopy has the ability to identify these subtle changes non‐invasively and in real time with good accuracy in comparison with conventional techniques. In this paper, we report the usage of a custom designed spatially resolved fibre‐optic probe (SRFOP), which consists of 77 fibres in two concentric rings, for the detection of cervical cancer using fluorescence spectroscopy technique. The aim of this study is to classify different grades of cervical precancer on the basis of their fluorescence spectra followed by a robust classification algorithm. Fluorescence spectra of 28 cervical tissue samples of different categories have been recorded using six detector fibres of FOP at different spatial locations with the source fibre (SF). A 405 nm laser diode source has been utilised to excite the samples and a USB 4000 Ocean Optics spectrometer to collect the output spectra in the wavelength range 400–700 nm. Principal component analysis (PCA) was applied to the collected spectra to reduce the dimensionality of the data while preserving the most significant features for classification. The first 10 principal components, which captured the majority of the variance in the spectra, were selected as input features for the classification model. Classification was then performed using an artificial neural network (ANN) with a specific architecture, including an input layer, hidden layers, and a softmax activation function in the output layer. Experimental and classification results both demonstrate that proximal fibres (PFs) perform better than distal fibres (DFs) in capturing the discriminatory features present in the epithelium layer of cervical tissue samples as PF collect most of the signal from the epithelium layer. The combined approach of spatially resolved fluorescence spectroscopy and PCA‐ANN classification techniques is able to discriminate different grades of cervical precancer and normal with an average sensitivity, specificity and accuracy of 93.33%, 96.67% and 95.57%, respectively.