bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ENERGETICAL, ECONOMICAL AND ECOLOGICAL ASPECTS OF SOIL TILLAGE MINIMISATION
Authors: Vilde A. , Cesnieks S. , Rucins A.
Published: December 2016

The work sums up and briefly discusses solutions of soil tillage minimisation technologies and machinery, their agronomic, energetic, mechanic, economical and ecological aspects. Tillage minimisation is performed in directions: reducing number of passes, as well as tillage depth and intensity, joining operations, improving machine design and aggregation, using advanced more suitable technologies and machines, conducting tillage in optimal terms. Minimization of soil tillage is agronomically acceptable, energy, labour and cost saving action. Improvements in the machine design and use for the traditional soil tillage technologies allow to save 24- 36 % of energy (46-110 kWh/ha, which corresponds 12-27 kg/ha of fuel), to reduce labour consumption by 16- 22 %, as well as to cat tillage costs by 14-26 % (10-20 USD/ha). Soil tillage minimisation with ploughing reduces these indices up to two times, without ploughing – up to six times. Besides these actions there is preservation of soil and environment.
Environmental Information System of the Republic of Latvia
Authors: Zaļoksnis J.
Published: December 2016

The Latvia Constitution (Satversme), the law “On environmental protection” and Aarhus convention on access to information, public participation in decision-making and access to justice in environmental matters are main legislative acts of the Republic of Latvia dealing with environmental information. State environmental information system in general provides data needed for decision making process done by state authorities. Residents and non-governmental organizations have access to environmental information as well. Unfortunately direct information exchange among authorities, institutions, organisations, enterprises and citizens sometimes is proceeding with difficulties. Inquiries done in the country before UN summit on Environment and development (Johannesburg, 2002) outlined dissatisfaction by public and many unsolved problems. The Environment ministry has developed the Environmental Communication and Education Strategy and Action Program. In foreseeable future the Environmental information and education centre will be established as well as a network based on regional environmental boards and self-government institutions.
Evaluation Aspects for Ecological Risk in Operation of Field Sprayers
Authors: Punculis P. , Zakis I.
Published: December 2016

Intensive agricultural production is closely linked with the application of plant protection means, as well as use of field sprayers. When intensive technologies are used, crops as are treated with pesticides several times during the vegetation period. All chemicals applied for plant protection are more or less dangerous to human health and environment. Particularly dangerous is the use of unchecked and defective field sprayers, non-observance of the stated rates of pesticides, agrotechnical treatment terms, as well as wrong adjustment of the sprayers. Standard ISO 14001 states the basic measures for establishment and maintenance of environmental management system. In the article is presented the model of environmental management system for field sprayers based on given standard. The evaluation system includes technical and organizational measures having an influence on the pollution of environment and human health. This system includes the analysis of the factors, planning, regular inspection of field sprayers, training of serving staff and the corrective measures. During the operation of field sprayers the local atmospheric, ground, and water pollution is to be observed that in its turn is conductive to the choking up of agricultural field crop and animal products. The levels of ecological risk include the accumulation of pesticides into environment, as well as ecological risk connected with the increased human morbidity and disappearance of individual species of plants and animals. Proposed environmental management system for field sprayers can serve as a basis to develop and introduce the system of periodical inspections for field sprayers. The environmental management system for field sprayers will promote more effective protection of people and environment.
RATIONAL USE OF HERBAGE BIOLOGICAL DIVERSITY FOR HIGHT-QUALITY FORAGE PRODUCTION
Authors: Adamovičs Aleksanders , Beča Maija , Spružs Jāzeps
Published: December 2016

Research goal – information of floristically rich and hight – productive agrocenosis for the production of qualitative forage. Long – term field experiments were established on two types of soils using species of grasses with biological and economic traits different from forage legume and grass families.Persistence, productivity and quality of forage grasses have been determined in mixed swards in different utilization regimes and on different fertilizer backgrounds. It was stated that the rational use of the forage grasses gene fund as well as aperies and varieties of grasses introduced into Latvia can contribute to the formation of night – productive meadows and pastures with the average dry matter (DM) yield 8.5 – 14.0 t ha-1. The produced grasses may he helpful in making top – quality hay and silage which, by their quality parameters (protein, amino acids, mineral substances, ADF and NDF content) are fully corresponding to standards set in high – productive animal feeding.
PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF BIOMASS COMPOSITIONS
Authors: Nulle Imants , Kaķītis Aivars
Published: December 2016

The main resources for biomass agro-ecotechnologies are cereal straw residues, energy crops and emergent vegetation from wetlands. The herbaceous biomass is a material with low density (20 – 60kg·m-3) therefore new mobile equipment and technologies for biomass communition and densification have to be worked out. The storage, dosage and mixing before compacting is necessary. Because of this we must have a working knowledge of the bulk properties of materials. The angle of repose was investigated of straw, reed and peat particles. It was stated that angle of repose of straw and reed varies between 54 – 55 degrees. Angle of repose of peat particles varies between 40 – 60 degrees. In a bin filled with solid bulk material this material acts on the walls with the horizontal stress. The stress ratio between horizontal and vertical stress is important for equipment design. This ratio was investigated for different size particles of straw, reed and peat. Stress ratio of straw and reed particles varies between ~0.6 – 0.7.
THE INFLUENCE OF MIXTURES OF GROWTH REGULATORS AND FUNGICIDES ON THE SPRING RAPE SEEDS YIELDS AND QUALITY
Authors: Borovko Lilija
Published: December 2016

Our trial aims at investigating the impact performed by the mixture of a growing-regulator and fungicides upon summer rape productivity, the crop structure, and quality, to justify applying of agrochemicals in smaller doses thus eliminating environment pollution and winning labour-saving resource and financial applying per unit of sowing- fields, and per unit of the gained production. In 2001 – 2003, Research institute of Agriculture preparations during the trial were tested applying half doses (0,5 1 ha–1), creating the preparation mixtures: Moddus+ Folicur, Modus + Juventus; Cycocel + Folicur Cycocel + Juventus, through spraying them throughout plant florescence-bud formation (GS 50). Owing to the mixtures of preparations, the number of side branches increased, on average, for 1-2, the number of legumes on a plant – for 22-25, the number of seeds per legume for 2- 4, the mass o f 1000 seeds: from 3,7 to 4,2 g, at the same time the length of rape”s stem”s shorted down to 10-20 cm, and the branching height to 5-14 cm. The highest efficiency, however, was reached when applying the mixture of Cycocel and Juventus.On average, throughout all the three years, thanks to applying of growing-regulators and fungicides the summer oilseed rape harvesting essentially increased, if compared to the Control. The increase of harvest was 0,53-0,81 t ha –1 (γ0,05 0,24 t ha-1). During the trial-years the very best preparation mixture was nominated, and it was the Cycocel + Juventus, which, on average, provided the seed harvest 3,31 t ha –1, and the oil output 1409 kg ha –1. Other mixtures ensured a related seed output – 3,03-3,15 t ha –1, and the oil output 1270-1302 kg ha–1.
WATERSKETCH: TOWARDS SUSTAINABLE RIVER BASIN MANAGEMENT IN THE BALTIC SEA REGION
Authors: Filho Walter Leal
Published: December 2016

River basin planning in the Baltic Sea Region (BSR) has always been a complex, yet important topic, which has gained a new momentum with the approval of EU Water Framework Directive (WFD) in December 2000. The ultimate goal of WFD is to achieve a good ecological status/potential of all water bodies before 2015. Together with the implementation of WFD also principles of Integrated Coastal Zone Management (ICZM) are to be applied and national expansions of Natura 2000 networks are in progress.There are many elements which are important in river basin planning systems. In the Baltic Sea region for example, the pressures posed by economic activities including increasing tourism and port activities have to be considered in land and river basin planning. These matters are dealt with in the context of the Watersketch project, a scheme supported by the Interreg IIIB programme of the European Union. The project aims at producing an extensive planning system and a working scheme that accounts for the various, complex and opposing tasks currently subjected to water usage. The main goal is to produce and describe processes, that aid planning and decision making also in areas with limited resources to meet the diverse requirements concerning water. In addition, the project intends to:1) analyse and synthesize the different directives and conventions focused on use of water courses.2) demonstrate the major alternatives of river basin planning with a wide set of case studies ranging from southern tip of Baltic Sea (Poland) to northernmost corner of it (Norway).3) provide a Water Planning Decision Support System for spatial planners, which takes into account all main components needed for economically, socially and ecologically sustainable use of water courses.Raise capacity to promote the sustainable development in river basins by means of an information exchange platform, training workshops and the dissemination of the information needed for sustainable use of river basins by means of a handbook.By a combined approach where planning is complemented by training and information exchange, this project will provide a long-term contribution towards addressing the problem, at the same time that it links itself with other similar projects, achieving synergy and avoiding duplications.
APPLICATION OF MATHEMATICAL MODELS FOR THE SIMULATION OF THERMAL COMFORT CONDITIONS IN A LIVING ROOM
Authors: Gendelis Staņislavs , Jakovičs Andris
Published: December 2016

The paper deals with the distributions of temperature and averaged turbulent airflows in living rooms in 2D and 3D approximations using Ansys/Flotran and Ansys/CFX software respectively. The distributions are calculated depending on the placement and temperature of heaters, heat transfer coefficients of the building structures and ventilation conditions. The authors analyse the influence of these factors on the air circulation and the related heat flows through building structures. The thermal balance of a room and its dependence on various external factors is also considered. As thermal comfort conditions’ parameters are analysed, the airflow velocities and indoor temperatures with its gradients. It is shown that it is possible to save heating consumption, at the same time maintaining the conditions of thermal comfort in the room.
THE PROBLEM OF MINIMIZATION OF AN UNEVEN FUNCTION OF SEVERAL VARIABLES IN THE NORM l1 AND l∝ BY MEANS OF NEURAL NETWORKS
Authors: Gil Józef
Published: December 2016

The paper presents the problem of the minimization of an uneven function of several variables F: Rm →Rn . In general, the minimization of an uneven function is difficult in terms of numerical application, especially when there is no information about the character of the unevenness of the function or any precise data about the distribution of observation errors. This paper presents two algorithms for the minimization of an uneven function by means of neural networks: solutions to an overdetermined system of linear equations according to the criteria of the norm l1 and according to the criteria of the norm l∝ (the Chebyshev norm) with the use of a square and exact penalty function. The results of particular solutions have been compared with the solution via the method of the least squares. The equalization tasks have been performed with minimum restrictions of extents of freedom.
INSTABILITY MODELING OF FINANCIAL PYRAMIDS
Authors: Girdzijauskas Stasys , Moskaliova Vera
Published: December 2016

The financial structures that make use of money flow for “easy money” or cheating purpose are called financial pyramids. Recently financial pyramids intensively penetrates IT area. It is rather suitable way of the fraud. Money flow modeling and activity analysis of such financial systems allows identifying financial pyramids and taking necessary means of precautions. In the other hand even investing companies that function normally when market conditions changes (e.g. interest rates) eventually might become financial pyramid. Modeling of financial pyramids allows identifying signs of such instability.
INFLUENCE OF WASTE DUMP “CHROBRÓW” IN POLAND ON GROUND - AND SURFACE WATER
Authors: Gontaszewska Agnieszka , Krainski Andrezej
Published: December 2016

In paper an influence of waste dump “Chrobrów” on groundwater and tributary of the Bóbr river was described. This waste dump was installed in former gravel excavation. For first 10 years it had no leak stopper and sewage water could freely infiltrate. Geological structure of the waste dump subsoil is unfavourable because garbage are directly stored on gravels with high filtration coefficient which make migration of pollutants easy. At the moment the waste dump has a leak stopper made from bentonite composite but there are still polluted groundsunderneath. In this paper was analyzed data about ground- and surface water quality from years 1994 – 2004. It was found that the quality of groundwater deteriorated, especially in years 1999 and 2002. The most worsening was noted in case of chlorides, ammonia nitrogen, sodium and potassium. Unfortunately there is no data before 1994 so there is no information about hydrogeochemical background. Increased values of all groundwater components infirst period of investigation are results of exploitation in years 1984 – 1994, when waste dump had no leak stopper.But later deterioration of groundwater quality can not be explained in this way. It should be drawn a conclusion that the seal of waste dump bottom does not work correctly. It was found that there is no negative impact of waste dump on surface water what is caused by absence of hydraulic contact between river and groundwater on investigated area.
EVALUATION OF LANDSCAPE ECOLOGICAL POLARIZATION AND ITS APPLICATION FOR STRATEGICAL TERRITORIAL PLANNING
Authors: Jankauskaite Margarita , Veteikis Darijus
Published: December 2016

To avoid antagonism in system nature-economy-society the concept of state territory management has to be based on the principles of sustainable and balanced development. The strategy of economy development should follow not only the criteria of economical effectiveness, but also the indexes of ecological stability of the territory.The extent of ecological polarization (measure of landscape stability) is conditioned by the combination of (1) landscape geochemical sensitivity and (2) technogeochemical pressure defined in respective territorial units. With respect to self-cleaning features of landscapes 7 levels of geosystem sensitivity were distinguished and mapped in Lithuania territory. The largest part of the territory is occupied by averagely and more than averagely sensitive geosystems, the least area is taken by relatively insensitive and extremely sensitive geosystems. The technogeochemical pressure was evaluated through the detailed analysis of landscape technomorphological structure. Using the GIS data bases, in the technotopes distinguished the technogeochemical pressure was evaluated according to the area of industrial and built-up territories, agricultural lands, road net density (adjusted by traffic intensity), and dosmestic pollution (assessed according to the population density). Each of the agents was given different weitcoefficients in regard to its pollution emissions. The layer superposition of the geosystem sensitivity and technogeochemical pressure gave the emergence of cartoscheme revealing the distribution of areas with different ecological polarization, divided into 5 tension levels. In order to distinguish the priority territories of land management and optimization the polarization area net and the natural frame of Lithuania were superposed.Knowledge of the ecological polarization areas allows the rendering of recommendations to economy units for their economical activity organization that should be developed considering the means of landscape ecological stability maintenance like increase of forest percentage, formation of geochemical barriers, proper distribution of land use.
SIZE REDUCTION AND DENSIFICATION OF HERBACEOUS BIOMASS
Authors: Kronbergs Eriks , Smits Mareks
Published: December 2016

Herbaceous biomass can be obtained using delayed harvesting method with moisture content less than 15% and directly densified without drying. Size reduction experiments of common reed stalks as cutting, flattening and densification have been carried out. As the result of reed stalk flattening, more than 8 strips can be obtained from this tubular structure. Average energy consumption 273 – 380 J kg-1 had been stated for reed stalk flattening. Specific cutting energy Escq value varies in 8 – 16 kJ m-2 in dependence of punch orientation angle according cross-section of reed specimen. Specific cutting energy for flattened stalk materials for reed density 600 kg m-3, varies Esc=13.3 – 27 J m kg-1. Densification experiments of compositions from peat particles, coarse wheat stalk and reed material particles from (1 - 2 mm) group with pressure 230 MPa indicated influence of peat proportion. Density 1.0 g cm-3 has been obtained in densification of straw stalk material particle compositions with peat, if peat proportion exceeds 20%.
URBAN LANDSCAPE QUALITY AND FACTORS THAT HAVE INFLUENCE ON LANDSCAPE QUALITY IN LATGALE REGION
Authors: Matisovs Ivars
Published: December 2016

The paper deals with urban landscape individualities in the cities and towns of Latgale region. Also show facilities and methods of integrated assessment of urban landscape quality. Article provides information about specifics of urban landscape and factors, that have influence on landscape quality. The paper presents the results of Daugavpils and Rēzekne urban landscape quality complex assessment, that have been realised in 2003- 2005. This results don’t establish significant disparities between quality of urban landscape among Daugavpils and Rēzekne. This method of urban landscape assessment makes possible to get believeable and precise information about landscapes quality.
IMMEDIATE ROOF STABILITY ANALYSIS FOR NEW ROOMAND- PILLAR MINING TECHNOLOGY IN “ESTONIA” MINE
Authors: Nikitin Oleg , Sabanov Sergei
Published: December 2016

This paper analysis the immediate roof (IR) stability by the deformation criteria for new room-andpillar mining technology with modern machines in “Estonia” mine. The new mining technology based on a blasting method to move from packaged to emulsion explosives, from 2.0 m to 4.0 m boreholes (FRANZ SCHELL machine) and on new undercutting (SMAG machine) method. With such equipped new technology the entry advance rates reached 3.8 m. As a result of such greater advance rates the situations with unsupported room length up to 5.5 m with decreasing the stability of IR can be expected. The analysis of IR stability based on an in-site underground testing by the leaving bench-mark stations and convergence measurements. The main targets of this study to determine the main parameters for supported/unsupported IR deformation in areas with great entry advance rates and risk analysis concept elaboration.
MANAGEMENT OF CULTURAL ENVIRONMENT IN MUNICIPALITY: PROBLEMS AND DEVELOPMENTS
Authors: Ozola Agrita
Published: December 2016

The paper deals with management system of cultural environment in municipality and emphasise the actuality of its interpretation. The author has made research of built heritage in Tukums town and defined changes in its cultural environment using methods of field research and analysis of documents, town plans and historical photographs. The research resulted on history of each of buildings in the historical centre of town. The author did case analysis of three interpretation methods used to increase cultural, social and economic value of cultural heritage in old town: museum exhibitions, live performances in the monument and interpretive heritage walk.
IMPROVED UNDERGROUND MINING DESIGN METHOD FOR ESTONIAN OIL SHALE DEPOSIT
Authors: Pastarus Jyri-Rivaldo
Published: December 2016

The paper deals with the improved mining design method for Estonian oil shale mines, where the room-and-pillar mining system is used. Design of mining block parameters is based on the instruction used in Estonian oil shale mines. The factor of safety is very large. Consequently, the design method does not take into consideration all the influence factors. It is determined the supplementary influence factors and given the mathematical formulas. In this case the factor of safety is reduced up to 1.2. The improved mining design method is of particular interest for practical purposes.
COMPOSTING OF HOUSEHOLD WASTES IN CONTAINERS
Authors: Plūme Imants , Plūme Benita
Published: December 2016

Household wastes handling improperly leads to increasing of total amount of wastes deposited in landfills. Investigations of family (3 adults and 3 children) during 3 year period appeared, that average weight of kitchen wastes produced was 62,2 kg per habitant in year. Kitchen wastes have high moisture content 70 – 90% and high density 500 – 600 kg/m³. Investigated weight of liquid leached was 43,2%, if the kitchen wastes were composted without additional material and leakage was 15,4% if wastes was composted together with 10% dry bulking materials (straw5% + sawdust5%). Leakage was not observed, if kitchen wastes were co-composted with 25% lake rootfelt. Maximal temperatures in 1,2 m3 container were 36 °C for compost of weeds and 61 °C for screened weed’s compost. Non-treated with etch wheat grain’s sprouts all perished after 40-day couching period in compost having maximal temperature 36°C during previous composting process and in same time survived 75% of sprouts in compost having maximal temperature 61 °C during previously performed composting process.
THE INFLUENCE OF INFORMATION TECHNOLOGIES ON THE HUMAN FACTOR WITHIN AN ORGNANIZATION
Authors: Sarkiunaite Ingrida
Published: December 2016

The article discusses a number of important changes of influence of information technologies on human factor within the organization. The focus of the article is on human factor and IT using problem. According to the theoretical and empirical material of IT influence on human factor, aspects of information technology are analyzed.
THERMAL DEGRADATION ANALYSIS OF WOOD TREATED WITH FIRERETARDANTS
Authors: Urbanovičs Igors , Mekšs Pēteris , Dobele Gaļina
Published: December 2016

Fire hazard control in wooden constructions is very important. For this purpose, fire retardants are used, which change the thermodestruction of wood and reduce combustion. The aim of the present research project was to study and compare the fire–protective properties of fire-retardants and to explain the chemical process of pyrolysis, namely, degradation in treated and untreated wood. The influence of fire-retardants on the wood thermal stability and the amount of volatile products was estimated on the basis of thermal analysis results. The volatile products (above 50%) of the pyrolysis process were identified, and the mechanism of the influence of fire-retardants on wood thermodestruction was studied.The presence of toxic compounds, formed by pyrolysis, was evaluated. The results of the study have shown that analytical pyrolysis is a modern, precise method for identifying the toxic compounds of volatile products in processes of both wood pyrolysis and combustion. The application of analytical pyrolysis enables a prompt determination of the fire protection degree of building wood constructions.
MODELING PARTIAL IGNORANCE IN ARTIFICAL INTELLIGENCE APPLICATIONS
Authors: Uzhga-Rebrov Oleg
Published: December 2016

This study aims to extend and deepen a survey of modern extensions of probability theory represented in [6, 7]. The classical probability theory possesses rather limited possibilities and cannot cope with situations of partial ignorance. Other approaches are required allowing one to solve tasks of that kind. The given paper considers the generalised approach to modelling partial ignorance and its interpretation in the terms of upper and lower probabilities, second order probabilities and belief functions.
PHOSPHOROUS SEED COATING AFFECT TO GERMINATION, PHOTOSYNTHETIC PIGMENTS AND YIELD OF RAPE
Authors: Stramkale Veneranda , Jukāma K. , Stalažs A. , Vikmane Māra , Kondratovičs U.
Published: December 2016

Rape (Brassica napus L. var. napus) is long ago-known vegetable of Brassicaceae in agriculture. It is important and valuable oil, forage, green-fertiliser and nectar plant. The experience of last years shows that rape is suitable for growing in conditions of Latvia, but investigations about its cultivars and growing technologies are not wide enough.The phosporus-fertilizer adding in the rape plantations is of great importance for increasing of its productivity. With the aim to reduce the expenses the phosphorus treated rape seeds are made use.In our investigations the velocity of seeds germination, germinating viability, germinating vigour, green pigments” quantity in seed-lobes and seeds” corp are studied. The conclusion is drawn that phosphorus treated seeds are of elevated physiological activity and elevated quantity of chlorophyll in seed-lobes, the seed-corp is increased for 3-70%. The velocity of the seeds” germination, germinating ability and germinat ing viability is increased too.The making use of phosphorus treated seeds is of great effectiveness because it gives the possibility to prevent phosphorus-lack in plants and to increase physiological activity and productivity of plants.
ENERGY DISPERSION X-RAY FLUORESCENCE ANALYSIS FOR ENVIRONMENT PROTECTION
Authors: Valbahs Eduards , Sokolovs Aleksanders , Strūve Zigmārs
Published: December 2016

Environmental monitoring is aimed mostly at pollution levels change tendency estimation and high sensitive analysis methods are applied for this purpose. X-Ray fluorescence analysis (RFA) allows getting information of metal content in ten or hundred seconds. The analyzers with Si(Li) detectors were used for measurements. Our report deals with some examples which are given as new RFA methods (with secondary target) application in the laboratory and field conditions.
AN INFORMATION DATA BASE OF GEODETIC SERVICES ENGINEERING INVESTMENTS - THE IDEA OF DATA ORGANISATION
Authors: Zaczek-Peplinska Janina , Kowalski Ryszard
Published: December 2016

The goal of the project, being run by the Institute of Applied Geodesy of the Warsaw University of Technology, is to create a prototype database of building structures, which are typical from the point of view of the tasks of engineering geodesy.The database is expected to be available through the Internet and is planned to be filled with the information collected from surveying companies, which would like to present their realizations both from owners and users of engineering structures.Examples of modern solutions in the area of geodetic services for engineering investments realization is supposed to create a base for changes in the methods of teaching and presenting these issues at the Faculty of Geodesy and Cartography of the Warsaw University of Technology and at other Faculties interested in such problems.
METHODOLOGICAL BASIS OF CONTROL NETWORK MODERNISATION IN HUGE HYDROTECHNICAL STRUCTURES
Authors: Zaczek-Peplinska Janina
Published: December 2016

Water dams are typical structures which require cyclic and in some cases, permanent control of their conditions. Most of the Polish damming structures are more than fifty years old and funds assigned for their renovation and effective conservation are being continuously reduced. Therefore, it is vital to improve the control of those structures.Cyclic geodetic measurements of movements are obligatory elements of control measurement schedule and are important for evaluation of damming structures security. Complex modernisation of geodetic network for movement examination consists of many actions, which goals are:- Reactivating devastated network structure,- Modernisation of geodetic process of structures movements determination (concerning steps: measurements and data elaborating),- Enhancing the accuracy of geodetic measurements,Increasing a credibility of the movement measurements results.
THE EVAL UA TION OF EFFECTIVENESS OF RHIZOBIUM LEG UMINOSAR UM STRAINS IN DIFFERENT HOST PLANTS
Authors: Alsiņa Ina , Anševica Anita , Dubova Laila , Dudare Inta , Niedrīte Maiga , Šteinberga Vilhelmīne
Published: December 2016

Pot experiments were carried out to investigate the effectiveness of six Rhizobium leguminosarum strains stored at the collection of Latvia University of Agriculture. Three of them are included at international Rhizobium data base. The obtained results showed that all Rhizobium strains were active and inoculated plants formed nodules on the roots. Inoculation with Rhizobium strains increased the proportion between shoots and root weight. The dry matter content of inoculated plants increased in comparison with untreated ones. The negative correlation between the plant weight and nitrogen content in the dry mater of shoots was observed. The host plant specificity was observed for tested Rhizobium leguminosarum strains.
THE ROLE OF SOCIETY IN THE MEASURE OF ENVIRONMENT PROTECTION
Authors: Atstāja Dzintra , Brīvers Ivars
Published: December 2016

The paper analyzes preconditions of launching the environment education in Latvia. Since the environment has become a social priority, policies of sustainability have come to form a part of the agenda in modern society. Universities play a vital role in the success of these policies and are a key factor, alongside political and economic factors, in guaranteeing sustainable development.The study develops an alternative formula expert method that integrates evaluation and evaluation, maximizes fairness, broadly encompasses the key tree, tree-environment and tree-human traits, and accords realistic monetary value.The influence of universities is confirmed by the extent to which society needs a human capital that is able to meet the challenge of sustainability. However, it should be understood that Universities create opinions and methodological paradigms that should lead the social progress.
FACILITY OF BIOGAS PRODUCTION IN LATVIA
Authors: Dubrovskis Vilis , Plūme Imants , Spīdāns Andis , Straume Indulis
Published: December 2016

According to increasing of prices for energy resources, increasing interest for renewable energy resources. As one of the most profitable is biogas production. In this paper is presented potential of biomass for biogas production. It is presented possibility to produce biogas and energy from different recourses and total 156,9 million m3/year. For development of biogas production is necessary financial support, increasing of research works and education.
MUNICIPAL ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT AND SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT: INTEGRATION AND SYSTEMIZATION PRACTICE FOR FURTHER EDUCATION
Authors: Ernšteins Raimonds , Šulga Diāna , Štelmahere Daiga , Grundšteina Sarmīte
Published: December 2016

Grounded environmental management training / education basic principles and approaches e.g.: complexity and wholity of spectrum for environmental management content, particularly nature and social environment interaction; interlinkage of biotic, abiotic, anthropological and communicational structures; complimentarily of state / public, household and municipal and corporate, as well as regional and international environmental management dimensions; functionality of strategic / policy and planning, programming and projecting (4P) levels of environmental management; disciplinarization and integration of environmental management realizations; necessity of environmental awareness development of specialists and public through environmental communication - information, education, participation and environmentally friendly behavior, applicability of monitoring, evaluation, planning and decision making realization functions of environmental management.
CAMELINA SATIVA AS A CROP FOR DIVERSIFICATION OF AGRICULTURE AND AS A PRODUCER OF HIGH QUALITY OIL
Authors: Grauda Dace , Lapiņa Lita , Stramkale Veneranda , Rashal Isaak
Published: December 2016

‘Camelina sativa’ is one of the oldest oil crops in Europe. Growing areas were reduced dramatically in 20-40-ties of the last century. Low price of rape oil and unclear composition of camelina oil were primary reasons of this process. Nevertheless, last years ‘Camelina sativa' attracted a great interest of scientists and oil processors as a crop for diversification of agriculture and, in the same time, for producing of the high quantity and quality oil for biofuel, feeding, food, and pharmacy (source of a-linolenic acid, linoleic acid and vitamins, especially E). In Latvia ‘Camelina sativa' is spread as a wild form but for the agriculture it is a new crop.The potential of me of ‘Camelina sativa’ in the Latgale region as an alternative oil crop and a new plant in the crop rotation was investigated. We compared the oil content and it composition in ‘Camelina sativa ’ seeds from plants of variety ‘Ligena’ grown in different conditions (Latvia and Germany). We also are looking for a possibility to use biotechnology methods for obtaining additional camelina breeding source material. For this purpose we applied calli culture method for producing plants-regenerants.
MYCOTOXIN PREVENTION AND CONTROL IN LINSEED
Authors: Gruzdevienè Elvyra , Mankevičienè Audroné
Published: December 2016

The present paper analyses mycotoxin contamination in six oil flax seed of the flax varieties differing in the length of the growing season. The flax seed grown in precision field trials was analyzed for mycotoxin contamination at harvesting and during storage period.The analyses done at harvesting revealed the traces of aflatoxin were identified only in the seed samples of cvs. Lu-5 and Gold Merchant, while those of ochratoxin A (2.3 µg kg'1) in the seed sample of cv. Szaphir. All the seed samples tested were found positive for DON contamination, except for cv. Blue Chip, but the levels identified were very low. After 8 months of storage the levels of aflatoxin and ochratoxin A. in flax seed samples increased. Mycotoxin increasing immediately concerned with seed fungi contamination. These indicators could be determining by moisture control such as seed drying.
INFLUENCE OF LIGNIN PREPARATIOON ON CROPS DRY RESISTANT
Authors: Лебедева Галина , Алсиня Ина , Телышева Галина
Published: December 2016

Basing on model experiments it was found, that lignosilicon compounds (LSi), synthesized in the Institute of the Wood Chemistry on the basis hydrolysis lignin, which has been used as fertilizer and growth activator for the cereals in the microfield and field environments, help plants to adapt for the soil water deficiency. Increase of drought resistance is explained by the plants ability to form the powerful root system on the background of the lignosilicon compound, which provides them with better water supply and nutrition. The weight of aboveground part of oats and wheat after the 15-day water stress experiment exceeded control values for up to 32% and 10% correspondingly. Due to LSi addition aboveground part of oats had better water retention, lesser water deficiency and transpiration intensity. Oats had shown better water retention comparing to control values, wheat - on the same level, as control. In total on the background of LSi wheat and oats revealed higher drought resistance than in the case of lignin application. The most antistress effects were observed for oats.
APPLICATION OF LIGNOSILICONIN GROWING OF RED CLOVER (TRLFOLIUM PRA TENSE L.)
Authors: Ļebedeva Gaļina , Teliševa Gaļina , Rancāne Sarmīte , Tiltiņa Līvija
Published: December 2016

Red clover Trifolium pratense is one of the most popular legumes feed crops in North America and Europe. It is being sown in field and forage shifts of crops as such and mixed with cereals. Among the cultivated clover types (white, rose, crimson and red) the red one is the most widespread in Latvia. The field tests of lignosilicon (LSi), biologically active compound developed and synthesized in the Latvian state institute of Wood Chemistry has shown its favorable action when used in biological farming for oats and rye growth with red clover undersow. Years 2004-2006 tests in field conditions have proved LSi prolonged influence on red clover growth and development: green mass, dry matter content in it and protein content in crop significantly increase beginning with the first year of LSi application. Chemical analysis of roots and aboveground part of plants has shown increase in boron content in buds on the background o f240 kg/ha of LSi. At the same time, increase in silicon, iron, manganese and copper content has been observed in roots. After one year cultivation of clover “Divaja” brand on the background of LSi, an enrichment of soil with organic substances and nitrogen in comparison with control was observed.
FEED ADDITIVES INNUTRITION OF ORGANIC GOAT
Authors: Sprūžs Jāzeps , Šeļegovska Elita , Remeza Inesa , Vasiļjeva Svetlana
Published: December 2016

Goats fed on high quality and valuable forage provide the production of high quality milk and dairy product Improper and poor feeding during lactation period reduce milk yield, weaken animal’s organism, has an influence on breeding and fertility ability and metabolic processes in goats. The goal of our research was to assess the influence of different feed additives on organic goat milk productivity and quality indices. In Latvian local goat feeding of sunflower cake and buckwheat meal increased milk yield by 7,3%, reduced feed units by 3,8% and by 5,2% reduced consumption of digestible protein as well as increased milk fat and protein content in goat milk by 10% and 4,7%> respectively compare to control. Feeding of wheat bran and buckwheat meal increased milk yield by 5,4%>, reduced feed units by 1,5% and by 3,0% reduced consumption of digestible protein as well as increased protein content in goat milk by 3,0% compare to control. Results of milk analysis on milk cells cytology and immunity indices show that feed additives used, and particularly sunflower cake and buckwheat meal, have a beneficial effect on immunity in animal organism.
EVAIUATION OF THE GENOTOXIC EFFECTS OF SOME BIOLOGICALY ACTIVE SUBSTANCES
Authors: Raipulis Jēkabs , Toma Malda Maija
Published: December 2016

There are more and more substances coming in contact with people and environment, they have got genotoxic features, which cause hereditary illnesses and tumors. Though cancer treatment becomes more and more effective, still the amount of deaths from tumors caused by harmful substances are increasing from year to year. To reduce the effects of these harmful substances, they should be detected and avoided.To perform experiments using Saccaromyces cerevisiae mutagenicity testsystem and Escerichia coli SOS chromotest to find out biologically active substances used in labs and industry, also its mixture or separate compounds possessing genotoxicity with other substances. The genotoxic properties of 11 substances were studied. Results showed that formaldehyde, urethane, acridine orange, acridine yellow, furazolidone, nalidixic acid, hydrogen peroxide, potassium bichromate, was a strong inducers of the genotoxic disorders.
PHYSIOLOGICAL ASPECTS OF WHEAT YIELD QUALITY IN DEPENDENCE ON MINERAL SUPPLY THROUGH LEAVES
Authors: Stramkale Veneranda , Stramkalis Aldis , Pakarna Gatis , Vikmane Māra
Published: December 2016

Spring wheat is a significant crop in Latvia. The fertilisation influences the crop yield and the quality greatly.The main task of experiments: to test the effect of micronutrients (DDMn) and macronutrients (Phosific) supplied through leaves for the modeling environment protecting high yield and grain quality technology’. The grain yield, the quality and the physiological activity were detected.The mineral supply through leaves during the wheat heading phase increased yield for more than 0.2 - 0.4 t ha'1 in comparison with the control. The physiological activity of grains is higher, but there is no significant influence on the quality of grains.
CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF TILE GLAZE AS POTENTIAL SOURCE OF SOIL CONTAMINATION
Authors: Taraškevičius Ričardas , Zinkutė Rimantė , Radzevičius Alfredas , Strazdas Dainius
Published: December 2016

The paper deals with the chemical composition of coloured glaze of 16 tiles from restored furnace of Biržai castle. It demonstrates that glaze is enriched with different elements compared to soil and therefore can be one of the multiple contamination sources of soil, especially in the old urban quarters. High variability of element contents in glaze is predetermined by its colour. However, Bi, Sb, Ag, Pb, Sn, Cu are elements-indicators of coloured glaze chemical composition. 1 g of coloured glaze added to 1 kg of soil causes at least medium level of local contamination.
INVESTIGATIONS OF MUNICIPAL SOLID WASLE LANDFILLS LEACHALE TREATMENT
Authors: Teirumnieks Edmunds , Bērziņa-Cimdiņa Līga , Mālers Juris , Pelčers Gatis , Teirumnieka Ērika
Published: December 2016

Municipal solid waste landfills are one of the most dangerous environment “point" polluters. The main polluter in landfills is leachate, which arise mainly of waste moisture and precipitations. Leachate is very contaminated wastewater and all landfills operators have problems in leachate treatment sector, because composition of leachate contaminants and concentrations very changed in time. It is very problematic task for selection of leachate treatment method or methods. Normally, in leachate treatment practice combination of different treatment methods are used. In this paper composition of leachate in two biggest Latvia landfills are described. Leachate treatment investigations were achieved with coagulation and sorbtion methods. In researches leachate with coagulants Al2(SOf3 and FeCl3 and peat as sorbent are treated. Researches showed that peat is very effective sorbent for heavy metals removing from leachate.
INFORMĀCIJAS TEHNOLOĢIJU IZMANTOŠANA BĒRNA PSIHOFIZIOLOĢISKĀ STĀVOKĻA NOVĒRTĒŠANĀ UN UZVEDĪBAS KOREKCIJĀ
Authors: Vandāns Jānis , Porozovs Juris , Tolmača Nelli
Published: December 2016

The paper deals with the information technology methods of earley diagnostics and correction of nervous system disorders. The effective method which allows to improve the psychoemotional sphere of people with different functional disorders of nervous system and to make correction work with them is functional bioregulation with biofeedback. 24 hyperactive children were observed in current investigation. The assessment of psychophysiological state of children was carried out. The analysis of behaviour of children was organised as a computer game. Electroencephalograms of children were registered and their individual peculiarities were estimated. The behaviour correction of hyperactive children with attention deficiency by the method of functional bioregulation with biofeedback was carried out. The results of investigation showed that functional bioregulation training procedures normalise the bioelectrical activity of hyperactive children brain, decrease behaviour impulsiveness, improve abilities to concentrate attention and make better work capabilities.
ECONOMIC ANALYSIS OF THE NATURAL RESOURCES IN THE DISTRICTS OF VIDZEME REGION
Authors: Vindele Līga , Buģina Veronika
Published: December 2016

Economic analysis of the Natural resources gives information about nature values of the existing territory what is a precondition for e successful farther development of territory. Society pays attention to restrictedness problem of natural resources more and more; in the whole world scientists searches for different solutions, how to combine our wills and provide reserves of natural resources for next generations.In our article we have analysed one of the most important natural resources (Forests and agricultural used land) economically, whose reasonable use provides a successful development of economy in the region.The fallowing research methods were used: abstractly logical, graphical, monographic, document analysis, deduction, synthesis and statistical methods.
INFLUENCE OF FERTILIZERS AND LIMING ON THE AGROCHEMICAL PARAMETERS OF SOIL AND LOSSES OF PLANT NUTRIENTS THROUGH DRAIN WATER
Authors: Vigovskis Jānis , Jermušs Aivars , Švarta Agrita
Published: December 2016

The aim of the research was to study the influence of mineral fertilizers and liming on yields of field crops and agrochemical parameters of soil and loss of plant nutrients through drain water. Since 1982, long-term field trials were carried out under crop succession with long-term grass, grain (rye, triticale, spring wheat, barley, oat), potatoes and rape. Annually from soil thought drains were leached about 3.0 - 21.9 kg ha-1 nitrogen, 0.1 - 0.5 kg ha'1 and 0.6 -1.7 kg ha-1 potassium. Application of P0 and P30 led to the further decrease of phosphorus content as fa r as 0-6 mg kg especially in limed soil. Significant increase of phosphorus content was observed only using phosphorus rate P90. Positive NPK balance in limed trial plots was achieved with annual inputs of 90 kg ha-1 N, 100 kg ha-1 P20 s and 90 Kg ha-1 K20.
Application of German Climate Change Adaptation Strategy for Federal State of Saxony-Anhalt, Germany
Authors: Popat Eklavyya , Böttcher Falk
Published: December 2016

Implementation of the German Climate change Strategy in the Federal State of Saxony-Anhalt is discussed in this paper. It shares the requirement and importance of sustainable development. An overview of strategy, The DAS Indicator System is provided with results of a portion of work being done for the ministry of agriculture by Deutscher Wetterdienst (DWD). Applicability of the indicator system is also shown by evaluation of results for specific indicators from 1961-2015.