bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Índice de independência funcional de pacientes pós-acidente vascular cerebral submetidos a um programa de reabilitação multiprofissional
Authors: Gentilini Gabriela Luiza , Santa Larissa Nicolini de , Vedovatto Mônica Baratto , Hirai Paula , Klaumann Valquíria Custódio , Purim Kátia Sheylla Malta , Nisihara Renato Mitsunori
Published: July 2022

Acidente Vascular Cerebral (AVC) pode causar óbito ou sequelas motoras e funcionais de intensidade variável. O objetivo do estudo foi avaliar o índice de independência funcional de pacientes pós-Acidente Vascular Cerebral submetidos a um programa de reabilitação multiprofissional. Trata-se de estudo retrospectivo por meio de revisão dos prontuários de sobreviventes de lesão vascular na artéria cerebral média, admitidos entre 2014 e 2019 em hospital público de Curitiba - Paraná, e que foram analisados na admissão e na alta por meio da Escala de Rankin modificada (mRS). Foram aplicados teste Qui-Quadrado, Mann-Whitney e Wilcoxon, considerando p < 0,05 %. A amostra, composta por 64 pacientes, teve predomínio masculino (56 %), faixa etária média de 59 anos, e apresentou como sequelas principais déficit motor (98 %), disartria (51 %), afasia (46 %), dor (45 %) e incontinência urinária (42 %). Houve diferença significativa entre os escores aferidos por meio da mRS na admissão e na alta, com maior independência funcional após realização do programa de reabilitação proposto (p < 0,001). Conclui-se que a participação no programa refletiu em ganho de autonomia no autocuidado e na realização de atividades diárias pelos pacientes.
Ressecção endoscópica de extensa lesão condilomatosa uretral – relato de caso e revisão da literatura
Authors: Ribeiro Daniel Carvalho , Almeida Abilio de Castro , Rezende Adymila Salim Moreira de , Tolentino Nataly Gomes , Nunes Nathalia Ferreira , Mello Bruno Licy Gomes de
Published: July 2022

Introdução: O Condiloma uretral é uma infecção sexualmente transmissível comum associada ao vírus do papiloma humano. O acometimento na uretra é raro, principalmente quando trata-se de um paciente HIV positivo com carga viral indetectável. Objetivo: Tem como objetivo discutir sobre o acometimento uretral do papiloma vírus e as possíveis formas de tratamento, assim como revisar a literatura. Relato de caso: O paciente em questão apresentou suspeita de carcinoma de células de transição, sendo encaminhado para tratamento, porém afastado essa suspeita e fechando diagnóstico para lesão condilomatosa uretral, sendo realizado tratamento por ressecção endoscópica das lesões com energia monopolar. Discussão: O acometimento uretral ocorre em até 5% dos casos, e o mesmo apresenta alta probabilidade de malignização. Não existem diretrizes específicas sobre o manejo do condiloma intra-uretral, pois trata-se de uma patologia rara. O objetivo dos tratamentos é remover as verrugas e induzir períodos livre de lesões, sendo que o conservador com crioterapia e o ácido tricloroacético nem sempre são aplicáveis à uretra devido ao difícil acesso. A ressecção endoscópica das lesões tem se mostrado mais eficaz. Conclusão: Urologistas e patologistas devem estar cientes dessa rara possibilidade, a fim de evitar erros de diagnóstico acerca dessa entidade predominantemente benigna. Desta forma apresentamos um caso de ressecção endoscópica de extensa lesão condilomatosa em uretra peniana de uma paciente masculino hemofílico e HIV positivo.
A evolução da pandemia por Covid-19 em estados do Sul e Nordeste do Brasil: um estudo descritivo da resposta dos sistemas de saúde a partir da divulgação de dados epidemiológicos e das medidas de enfrentamento decretadas
Authors: Quintana Gabriel Danieli , Barros Nicole Borba Rios , Cesar Maria Aurora Dropa Chrestani
Published: July 2022

Após a pandemia provocada pelo SARS COV-2 atingir a Europa, o Brasil tornou-se um dos epicentros. Considerando diferenças históricas nos indicadores de saúde entre as regiões Sul e Nordeste do país, regidas pelo mesmo sistema de saúde, este estudo tem como objetivo descrever a evolução inicial da pandemia nestas regiões a partir de informações das plataformas digitais das secretarias estaduais de saúde. Foram analisados número de casos, óbitos e testes realizados, de fevereiro de 2020 a maio de 2021. Os dados foram relacionados com as medidas de enfrentamento à pandemia tomadas pelos estados, coletadas a partir dos decretos de restrições e flexibilizações dos serviços e comércio. No Sul, o estado com mais casos foi Santa Catarina (13350/100.000hab), o Rio Grande do Sul teve maior taxa de mortalidade (246,8/100.000hab) e mais testagens (32378/100.000hab). No Nordeste, Sergipe teve mais casos (10216/100.000hab), Piauí mais testagens (23.917/100.000hab) e Ceará teve maior taxa de mortalidade (222,8/100.000hab). As medidas de enfrentamento ao coronavírus no Brasil não foram uniformes entre os estados, nem a aplicação das testagens, evidenciando a falta de coordenação nacional nas ações.
A Interprofissionalidade na instituição de ensino superior levantamento sobre disciplinas dos cursos de graduação na saúde e a interprofissionalidade
Authors: Navarro Anderson Marliere
Published: July 2022

Uma das metas do Programa de Educação pelo Trabalho para a Saúde (PET-Saúde) / Interprofissionalidade foi inserção e a implementação dos elementos da Educação Interprofissional (EIP) nos currículos dos cursos de graduação em saúde. O objetivo deste trabalho é apresentar o levantamento e caracterização da interprofissionalidade e das práticas colaborativas presentes nos conteúdos das disciplinas curriculares dos cursos de graduação da área da saúde das Instituições de Ensino Superior (IES) do estado de São Paulo que participaram do PET – Saúde/Interprofissionalidade. O percurso metodológico adotado se deu a partir da solicitação aos coordenadores de cursos de graduação das IES para preenchimento de um questionário estruturado, com questões sobre iniciativas/conteúdos e disciplinas inseridas nos seus currículos que desenvolviam competências e habilidades relacionadas à EIP e Prática Colaborativa. O estudo produziu evidências sobre o perfil estadual paulista dos projetos aprovados no PET – Saúde/Interprofissionalidade no tocante à existência de conteúdos curriculares com enfoque na EIP. Os resultados mostraram que maior parte dos cursos apresenta disciplinas em conjunto com áreas distintas da saúde, porém sem aplicar, explicitamente, os fundamentos teóricos e metodológicos da EIP. Conclui-se que há intenção na implementação e desenvolvimento das competências e habilidades colaborativas e interprofissionais nos diferentes cursos de graduação em saúde caracterizados, porém constatam-se diversos desafios nessa direção que dificultam o processo. Apesar dos coordenadores de curso demonstrarem domínio do referencial conceitual e metodológico da EIP, existe uma diversidade de entendimento sobre qual o momento mais adequado para a adoção desta estratégia no currículo.
Can Sagittal Sinus Flow Augmentation Aid in Controlling Intracranial Hypertension? Physiological Rationale and Pilot Feasibility Assessment in a Porcine Model
Authors: Sattur Mithun G. , Patel Sunil J. , Helke Kristi L. , Donohoe Max , Spiotta Alejandro M.
Published: July 2022

In a porcine model of intracranial hypertension generated by production of intracranial hemorrhage, the sagittal sinus was catheterized and periodic withdrawal of blood was performed. ICP reliably reduced with sinus blood aspiration in both pilot subjects. Our preliminary results suggest a potential role of targeted sagittal sinus aspiration in aiding control of increased ICP conditions, especially when refractory.
Why the First-Past-the-Post Electoral System is Elusive in Somalia
Authors: Muyonga Doreen
Published: July 2022

The hopes of Somalia transitioning to a democratic electoral system have once again dwindled following its recent decision to conduct the 2021/22 general elections using the old indirect clan-based model. Although this model has been widely faulted for being systematically unjust since it privileges the interests of the big clans, Somalia has for a long time relied on it to arrive at its political leaders. But the big question remains; why is it difficult for Somalia to transition to a democratic electoral system that will provide for competitive politics? The paper finds that implementing the proposed first-past-the-post electoral system in Somalia has proved difficult due to the following issues: A fragile security situation; weak state institutions; clan and sub-clan divisions; tensions between central government and federal member states; lack of political goodwill; financial and logistical challenges; and constant interference from external actors. The paper also observes that changing the electoral system is not the solution to the challenges facing the country. On the contrary, the cure to Somalia’s political conflict can only be found in its own traditional institutions. As imperfect as the clan-based model may appear, it has succeeded to a great extent in promoting unity among the different clans. It is against this backdrop that this paper recommends the strengthening of the old clan-based electoral system to realize a stable Somalia so as to pave way for democratizing the country’s electoral system in future.
Four new species and new records of Micropeneta Pic, 1921 (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae: Gnathidiini) from the Oriental and Papuan Regions, including a checklist and an identification key
Authors: SCHAWALLER WOLFGANG , BELLERSHEIM ARON
Published: July 2022

The genus Micropeneta Pic, 1921 (Tenebrionidae: Gnathidiini) was known so far by seven species in the Oriental Region. Newly collected material is presented herein including four species new to science: M. alabaca sp. n., M. kinabaluca sp. n., both from Borneo, M. laotica sp. n. from Laos, and M. papuana sp. n. from West Papua. The material shows that the genus is also distributed in Indochina and on New Guinea. The species of Micropeneta are characterised by the male head with a pair of distinct glabrous cephalic horns or shorter processes; some species possess additionally the anterior margin of the male pronotum with a pair of teeth or flat swellings, or the anterior part of pronotum with a broad impression. A checklist for all species and an identification key (suitable for males only) is added.
The Trichoptera of Panama. XVIII. Twelve first country records of macrocaddisflies (Insecta, Trichoptera) from the Republic of Panama
Authors: ARMITAGE BRIAN J. , AGUIRRE YUSSEFF , GONZÁLEZ TOMÁS A. RÍOS , BLAHNIK ROGER J.
Published: July 2022

Herein we add twelve first country records to Panama’s macrocaddisfly fauna (Insecta: Trichoptera): Calamoceratidae—Banyallarga acutiterga (Denning & Hogue 1983); Glossosomatidae—Protoptila bicornuta Flint 1963 and Protoptila jolandae Holzenthal & Blahnik 2006; Helicopsychidae—Helicopsyche rentzi Denning & Blickle 1979; Hydropsychidae—Calosopsyche sandrae (Flint 1967) and Smicridea acuminata Flint 1974; Leptoceridae—Oecetis hastapulla Quinteiro & Holzenthal 2017; Philopotamidae—Chimarra angustipennis Banks 1903; Polycentropodidae—Polyplectropus exilis Chamorro-Lacayo & Holzenthal 2004; and Xiphocentronidae—Caenocentron immaculatum Flint 1991, Caenocentron lausus Schmid 1982, and Xiphocentron alcmeon Schmid 1982.
Using Stochastically Perturbed Parameterizations to Represent Model Uncertainty. Part II: Comparison with Existing Techniques in an Operational Ensemble
Authors: McTaggart-Cowan Ron , Separovic Leo , Charron Martin , Deng Xingxiu , Gagnon Normand , Houtekamer Pieter L. , Patoine Alain
Published: July 2022

The ability of a stochastically perturbed parameterization (SPP) approach to represent uncertainties in the model component of the Canadian Global Ensemble Prediction System was demonstrated in Part I of this investigation. The goal of this second step in SPP evaluation is to determine whether the scheme represents a viable alternative to the current operational combination of a multiphysics configuration and stochastically perturbed parameterization tendencies (SPPT). An assessment of the impact of each model uncertainty estimate in isolation reveals that, although the multiphysics configuration is highly effective at generating ensemble spread, it is often the result of differing biases rather than a reflection of flow-dependent error growth. Moreover, some of the members of the multiphysics ensemble suffer from large errors on regional scales as a result of suboptimal configurations. The SPP scheme generates a greater diversity of member solutions than the SPPT scheme in isolation, and it has an impact on forecast performance that is similar to that of current operational uncertainty estimates. When the SPP framework is combined with recent upgrades to the model physics suite that are only applicable in the stochastic perturbation context, the quality of global ensemble guidance is significantly improved.

Significance Statement

The stochastically perturbed parameterization (SPP) technique was introduced in Part I to represent model uncertainties in forecasts generated by an operational global ensemble prediction system. We focus here on the viability of this technique as a replacement for the system’s current uncertainty estimates: multiphysics and stochastic perturbations of physics tendencies. Despite the practical success of this combination, it suffers from physical inconsistencies and poor conservation properties. The adoption of SPP allows the ensemble to benefit from a recent set of model updates that couple with this new representation of model uncertainty to yield significant improvements in the quality of forecasts generated by the system.
Model-free Bias Reduction of Storey’s Estimator for the Proportion of True Null Hypotheses
Authors: Biswas Aniket
Published: July 2022

Storey’s bootstrap estimator for the proportion of true null hypotheses ( π0) has a known bias structure but the amount of bias is obviously unknown. A new method has been proposed in this work to reduce bias of the estimator. The proposed method partitions differential gene expression and similar data sets randomly and repeatedly to first approximate the bias and then corrects it in the final estimate. Unlike some recent developments, the method does not require any model assumption. The proposed method depends on some tuning parameters. For practical applicability of the method, ideal choices of the tuning parameters are given based on numerical results. Extensive simulation experiments show favourable results for the proposed method over the popular robust estimators in the literature. Two real-life microarray data sets have been studied to demonstrate the applicability of the final bias and variance reduced estimator.

AMS 2010 subject classifications: 62F10, 62F40
Assessing the Institutional Barriers and Individual Motivational Factors to Participation in Prison-Based Programs
Authors: Kaiser Kimberly A. , Piquero Alex , Keena Linda , Howley Caitlin
Published: July 2022

Prison-based programs have been shown to reduce recidivism and aid successful reentry. Participation in prison programs has also been linked to reduced misconduct within prisons. And yet, programs are not always readily available and, even when they are available, some inmates may not be motivated or interested in participating in them. Using data collected from a private Southern prison, this study examined barriers and motivational factors related to participation in prison programing among a sample of 212 male inmates. Our results indicate that two of the barriers assessed, lack of space in the programs and programs not offered often enough, limited participation. Higher perceptions of prison legitimacy, interest in programs, and higher self-esteem were associated with higher levels of participation.
La vérité sur soi-même : les pédagogies de conversion et les nouveaux mouvements religieux catholiques en Amérique latine
Authors: Meza Diego
Published: July 2022

In this article, I analyze the conversion retreats of the John XXIII Movement in Ipiales, Colombia in order to understand the swift spread of new Catholic groups in Latin America. Based on a qualitative research, I examined through twenty semi-structured interviews the definitions, narratives and meanings that some members and leaders of this movement attribute to their confessions and public testimonies of conversion. Instead of distinguishing John XXIII spiritual retreats and conversion testimonies as forms of domination, I propose the concept of pedagogies of conversion, in other words, a set of practices that seek to morally educate believers and that create a double economy of freedom and constraint. Finally, I drawn on various stories to show how moral agency relates to the intensity of these practices and to the past religious experiences of believers.
Study of predicting the number of warp thread breaks during the weaving process
Authors: Kovačević Stana , Schwarz Ivana , Brnada Snježana
Published: July 2022

The properties of cotton yarn which will be used as the warp were investigated before the weaving process. The results of the breaking forces served to make an empirical and approximated diagram of the normal distribution. Yarn tests were performed by yarn passing through a weaving process simulator with electronic force measurement, speed, and the number of wefts. The number of breaks was registered during the yarn test. Measurements were performed simulating different conditions of the weaving process (change in reed density, higher dynamic tensile forces, lower dynamic tensile forces, and shed height changes). Data computer processing gave approximate diagrams of dynamic forces normal distribution under the test conditions, which do not show significance according to the χ2-test. By pairing a diagram of the breaking force and a diagram of one of the conditions in the weaving process, shown in the same line of forces, their intersection or surfaces overlap is expressed. Based on the integration of the intersection area of the breaking forces approximated diagrams and dynamic forces in the weaving process, the value of the intersection area according to the test conditions was obtained. A high degree of correlation was found by correlating the actual number of thread breaks registered at the time of testing and the intersection of areas for the corresponding condition. This makes it possible to predict the number of breaks in the warp threads during the weaving process if the yarn characteristics and the weaving conditions are known.
Nurse Managers’ Leadership, Patient Safety, and Quality of Care: A Systematic Review
Authors: Lee Seung Eun , Hyunjie Lee , Sang Somin
Published: July 2022

This review examined relationships between nurse unit managers’ leadership and patient safety and quality of care outcomes in hospital settings. Employing four databases (CINAHL, Embase, PubMed, and Web of Science) and ancestry searches, we identified 14 English-language, peer-reviewed, primary studies that examined such relationships using quantitative analyses. The studies were published between 2012 and 2021, and most used a cross-sectional design. Each study’s quality was assessed using the Mixed-Method Appraisal Tool. In synthesizing results by categorizing outcomes, we found a positive trend in associations between effective nurse unit manager leadership and better outcomes, including fewer patient adverse events, increased nurse error reporting, and higher patient satisfaction and care quality. However, the heterogeneity of leadership measurement approaches and outcomes limited integration of study findings. Future researchers should clearly define study concepts to support interpretation of their findings and should use a suitable theoretical framework to help determine appropriate units of analysis.
Psycholinguistic Properties of Informational Support Seeking Posts in Online Health Communities and Predictors of Community Responsiveness
Authors: Rains Stephen A. , Carter Shelby N.
Published: July 2022

Although informational support can be a valuable resource for coping with illness, our understanding of how it is solicited remains incomplete. We examine the language properties of more than 20,000 posts made to an online health community to better understand the perspective of people seeking informational support and identify properties that predict community responsiveness. Compared to posts in which informational support was not requested, posts soliciting informational support were more likely to use language reflecting efforts to make meaning from uncertainty related to a poster's ongoing illness experience. Among posts in which informational support was solicited, posts that discussed life-with-illness and used language indicating specific negative emotions like anger, anxiety, and sadness yielded a greater number of responses from online community members.
Sweden's feminist foreign policy in national newspapers in EU member states (2014–2020): Media logic or political logic?
Authors: Rosén Sundström Malena
Published: July 2022

As the first country in the world, Sweden introduced its Feminist Foreign Policy (FFP) in 2014. The article investigates how Sweden's FFP is communicated in quality newspapers in 11 EU Member States (2014–2020). It focuses on whether the coverage of FFP signals the adoption of media logic or political logic, and whether the newspapers’ images of FFP serve to strengthen or counteract the existing tendencies on gender equality in the different Member States. The findings demonstrate that reports on FFP are heavily influenced by media logic. They give priority to political conflicts and focus on short-term events and persons rather than long-term consequences and content of the policy. FFP is least reported and explained in Member States with lower levels of gender equality, which can serve to strengthen existing views. In more gender-equal Member States, the reports on FFP are more frequent and elaborate, especially in the left-leaning newspapers.
Private standards for animal welfare in Austrian dairy husbandry: Consequences for farmers in mountain regions
Authors: Schermer Markus
Published: July 2022

The current shift of regulations for animal welfare from public to private standards allows dairies and retailers to improve their position on the market. However, for easy communication and control they tend to reduce the multifaceted societal demands for animal welfare to freedom of movement, that is, to free stalls with or without access to pasture. Taking a farmers perspective, this contribution examines the situation in Austria, where structure and practices of dairy farming differ greatly between more favourable, arable, and mountainous regions. The theoretical concept of farming styles uncovers fundamental positions grounded in different understandings of how farming practices are supposed to be organized. Private standards privilege rationalized, large-scale dairy farms in advantaged regions over family-owned traditional farms in mountain areas. This may have unintended negative consequences on farming structure, land use and cultural landscape.
Challenges to conserve world agricultural heritages in a market economy: Experiences in Nishi-Awa, Japan
Authors: Sekine Kae
Published: July 2022

The Globally Important Agricultural Heritage Systems – established by the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations in 2002 – is a certification expected to conserve traditional agro-ecosystems and associated biodiversity, natural resources, outstanding landscapes, and cultural heritages that are at risk of extinction in the current market system. Employing the Nishi-Awa Steep Slope Land Agriculture System in Tokushima Prefecture, Japan, designated as Globally Important Agricultural Heritage System in 2018, as the case study, this research explores the potential and contradictions of Globally Important Agricultural Heritage System to incorporate alternative values such as traditional knowledge, biodiversity, landscape, healthy diets, and cultural heritages into the dominant hierarchy of values that favor market competitiveness. Based on original field surveys, literature review, and qualitative analyses, the study demonstrates that while the Globally Important Agricultural Heritage System certification is expected to bring considerable economic opportunity through an increase in international tourists and price appreciation of the local agri-food products certified by a local agri-food labeling system (established by the public and private actors in the designated area), this system does not explicitly guarantee the values claimed in Globally Important Agricultural Heritage System certification. Therefore, the Globally Important Agricultural Heritage System scheme to conserve the claimed values in designated areas is faced with a contradictory situation in a market economy.
Overrepresentation of Young Indigenous Offenders: Differences in Criminogenic Risk/Needs and Implications for Practice
Authors: Dellar Kristie , Roberts Lynne , Bullen Jonathan , Downe Kristy , Kane Robert
Published: July 2022

Indigenous youth are overrepresented in the Australian criminal justice system, yet little is known about how they differ from non-Indigenous youth in terms of criminogenic risk and need profiles in relation to reoffending. The aim of the study was to examine the differences between Indigenous and non-Indigenous youth in terms of criminogenic risk and need profiles. This paper expands on findings of our previous study. and present the results of two analyses. The first is a comparative analysis of the differences in criminogenic risk and need factors in a sample of 4,653 youth. Results raise questions about how Indigenous and non-Indigenous youth differ on type of criminogenic needs and how risk/needs are defined in an Indigenous context. The second analysis examines the predictive validity of a shortened version of the YLS/CMI in a subsample of 921 youth. Results show that a specific combination of five items for Indigenous youth corresponds to an improvement in AUC scores from c. = 0.65 for the full version to c. = 0.73. For non-Indigenous youth, the selected set of five items corresponds to an improvement in AUC scores from c. = 0.66 for the full version of the YLS/CMI to c. = 0.73. Implications of these findings for research, policy, and reducing Indigenous overrepresentation are discussed.
A multi-scale feature fusion network-based fault diagnosis method for wind turbine bearings
Authors: Ma Minghan , Hou Yuejia , Li Yonggang
Published: July 2022

A fault diagnosis method based on a multi-scale feature fusion network (MSFF-CNN) is proposed for the problem that the vibration signals of wind turbine bearings are easily disturbed by noise, and feature extraction is harrowing. Compared with the traditional diagnosis method, which has two stages of manual feature extraction and fault classification, this method combines the two into one. First, based on the characteristics of the bearing vibration signal, the multi-scale kernel algorithm is used to learn features in parallel at different scales. Then, the features extracted at different scales are fused to obtain complementary and rich diagnostic information. Finally, the Softmax classifier is used to output the fault diagnosis results. The simulation is carried out through the bearing vibration data of Case Western Reserve University. The results show that the accuracy of bearing fault diagnosis reaches 99.17%, proving the proposed method’s high accuracy and effectiveness.
Evaluating Crack Identification Performance of 3D Pavement Imaging Systems Using Portable High-Resolution 3D Scanning
Authors: Salameh Ryan , (Lucas) Yu Pingzhou , Yang Zhongyu , (James) Tsai Yi-Chang
Published: July 2022

With the increasing adoption of three-dimensional (3D) pavement imaging systems by highway agencies for automated pavement condition assessment, coupled with the advent of diverse systems from different manufacturers, there is a need for standard procedures for the verification and certification of systems’ performance in regard to distress identification, especially for cracking that is a key contributor for triggering maintenance and rehabilitation activities. Although some procedures were adopted by agencies for a rough verification of cracking identification accuracy using ground reference established subjectively by trained raters, a more rigorous and objective method is needed to match the continuous advancement in the systems’ capabilities and data quality requirements. As portable high-resolution 3D scanning technologies have become commercially available, there is an opportunity to leverage them for establishing a more trustable ground reference for the data quality evaluation. This paper proposes a methodology that uses high-resolution 3D scanners to establish the ground reference for field pavement cracking distress to evaluate the crack identification capability of 3D pavement imaging systems in regard to crack quantity, position, and width. A case study was performed by scanning sample pavement cracking spots using “FARO Arm Quantum S” scanner to collect ground reference images and a 3D pavement imaging system installed on the “Georgia Tech Sensing Van” to collect test images to validate the feasibility of the proposed methodology.
Multiobjective Timetable Development Tool for Railway Strategic Planning in Norway
Authors: Coviello Nicola , Medeossi Giorgio , Nash Andrew , Nygreen Thomas , Pellegrini Paola , Rodriguez Joaquin
Published: July 2022

Strategic planning is critical in helping railways develop optimal programs for improving their business by making service more attractive and efficient. Preparing a strategic plan requires comparing multiple alternatives and options, each requiring time-consuming planning, evaluation, and analysis. To improve this process Jernbanedirektoratet, Norway’s Railway Directorate, began a research project to develop a state-of-the-art railway timetable generation tool that could be integrated into the agency’s existing timetable-planning process. The new tool, called Automatic Timetabler with Multiple Objectives, is designed to transform conceptual passenger and freight service requirements into working timetables, while ensuring robustness and minimizing time losses. It is designed to bridge the gap between less detailed (macroscopic) models used in timetable development and detailed (microscopic) traffic simulation models. More specifically, it is a mesoscopic model, simplifying some infrastructure elements while using more detailed representations of others (e.g., using specific track allocations in stations). In practice, the tool quickly provides planners with many feasible and good timetables using high-level timetable requirement data. This ability is very useful for strategic planning because it enables planners to quickly evaluate alternative timetable concepts. This paper describes the new timetable generator tool, its development, and the results of a case study application.
Ōtani Expeditions into Central Asia (1902–1914)
Authors: Küçükyalçın Erdal
Published: July 2022

The three Ōtani Expeditions (1902–1914) constitute the first non-Western attempt to carry out systematic research in Central Asia. The mastermind behind these Japanese enterprises was Ōtani Kōzui, the 22nd lord-abbot of the Western Honganji temple in Kyoto and the patriarch of the Honpa Honganji denomination of the Jōdo Shinshū sect, which was and remains the largest Buddhist community in Japan. Kōzui's position as a monk during the period the expeditions were carried out reveals his religious motivation as the planner and sponsor of these research trips. Inspired by the 7th century traveler-monk Xuanzang, the main purpose of the Ōtani Expeditions was therefore to find the routes through which Buddhism had passed before reaching Japan. This is what makes them unique when compared with other exploration missions.
The Effect of Intimate Partner Violence on Fear of Childbirth Among Pregnant Women
Authors: Oğurlu Mehtap , Erbil Nülüfer
Published: July 2022

This study was conducted to determine the effect of intimate partner violence on childbirth fear of pregnant women. This descriptive and cross-sectional study included 335 pregnant women who applied to pregnant outpatient clinics. The data of the study were collected with Questionnaire Form and Wijma Birth Expectation/Experience Scale A Version (W-DEQ-A). Descriptive statistical methods, t-test, one-way ANOVA, Mann–Whitney U-test, and Kruskal–Wallis test were used in the analysis of the data. W-DEQ-A scale score of pregnant women was found to be 69.34 ± 29.37. It was found that 15.2% of pregnant women experienced “mild level” childbirth fear, 28.4% had “moderate level” childbirth fear, 26.6% had “severe level” childbirth fear, and 29.9% had “clinical level” childbirth fear. It was determined that 49.3% of pregnant women were exposed to any type of violence by their partners. It was found that pregnant women were exposed to 46% verbal violence, 23.9% emotional violence, 13.7% economic violence, 8.7% physical violence, and 2.1% sexual violence. When pregnant women experiencing any type of violence ( p = .000), verbal violence ( p = .000), emotional violence ( p = .000), and economic violence ( p = .000) were compared with pregnant women who did not experience violence, W-DEQ-A scores were higher and differences were statistically significant. It was determined to be statistically significant differences of W-DEQ-A scores according to the age of the pregnant women ( p = .044), family type ( p = .004), place of residence ( p = .026), and psychological problems before pregnancy ( p = .026). As a result, the rate of violence exerted by their intimate partners against pregnant women was high. In addition, intimate partner violence during pregnancy had negative effects on the fear of childbirth of pregnant women.
Bystander Intervention in Intimate Partner Violence: An Audio Vignette Study of Heterosexual, Gay, and Lesbian Dating Partners
Authors: Graham Kristen , LaChance Abby , Wormwood Jolie B.
Published: July 2022

Intimate partner violence (IPV) is a prolific and growing issue that can have long-lasting negative consequences for the health and safety of those involved. Bystander intervention is one method for helping to combat incidents of IPV, as research suggests that bystanders are frequently present at the scene of assaults and incidents of IPV. This study explored individual differences of bystanders that may influence whether they decide to intervene in an unfolding incident of IPV, as well as how the likelihood of intervening may vary as a function of the apparent gender or sexual orientation of the individuals involved in an incident of IPV. Participants were recruited from an online survey platform to obtain a balanced sample of heterosexual and sexual minority individuals. Participants completed a bystander task where they listened to an audio vignette of an unfolding IPV incident and were instructed to stop the audio if/when they would intervene in a real-life context. Participants were randomly assigned to listen to one of four versions of the vignette in which the apparent gender of the aggressor and victim were manipulated. Results revealed participants were more likely to intervene if they identified as a sexual minority (vs. as a heterosexual), reported less rape myth acceptance, or had greater endorsement of gender equality. Results also revealed that associations between bystander characteristics and intervening behavior largely did not differ across vignette conditions, suggesting that they may influence the likelihood of intervening consistently across incidents of IPV regardless of the apparent gender and sexual orientation of the aggressor and victim. However, participants in general were most likely to intervene in the male aggressor/female victim vignette. Implications for IPV prevention programming—including the need to include more diverse and less heteronormative depictions of IPV—are discussed.
Victim-Survivors’ Prioritization of Reasons for Non-Reporting Adult Sexual Assaults to Law Enforcement
Authors: Johnson Ingrid Diane , Lewis Rebekah
Published: July 2022

Despite the potential benefits of reporting a sexual assault to the police, few sexual assault victim-survivors choose to do so. Prior research on reasons for non-reporting has lacked American Indian/Alaska Native representation as well as a quantitative prioritization of non-reporting reasons. This study sought to fill those gaps by using quantitative data from 95 participants in an online, self-administered survey of victim-survivors of adult sexual assaults in Alaska. Descriptive, univariate results revealed great variation in the reasons for non-reporting. Further, which reasons were more commonly endorsed changed when measuring victim-survivor prioritization of reasons (primary, secondary, and tertiary) rather than simple endorsement. Lastly, there were few subgroup differences when conducting bivariate analyses using racial/ethnic identity and the act of reporting other adult sexual assaults in Alaska. The results of this study add to existing literature on non-reporting with an emphasis on changing how we measure the reasons behind non-reporting. The results also signal to criminal justice policy makers and practitioners that proactive, comprehensive efforts must be made to regain the faith and trust of current and potential victim-survivors so that they see the criminal justice system as a viable avenue for securing justice in ways that are meaningful to them.
The Development of National Cinema in Post-Maidan Ukraine
Authors: Olzacka Elżbieta
Published: July 2022

Since the Euromaidan revolution, Ukrainian cinema has been experiencing a renaissance, associated with both the wave of civic and creative activity and the policy of the post-Maidan authorities supporting the film industry. The article analyzes the development of Ukrainian cinema from 2014 to 2019, focusing not only on organizational, institutional, and legal changes but also on the accompanying controversies. It addresses the main socio-political, economic, and cultural factors influencing progress in the number of films produced in Ukraine and their popularization on the domestic and foreign market. The article particularly emphasizes the context of Russian aggression toward Ukraine and the ongoing war in Donbas, as it influences not only the topics taken up by filmmakers but also the priorities of authorities in the field of cultural policy. Cinema has become one of the fronts of the conflict. Thus, the post-Maidan authorities’ concern was both to block Russian content deemed dangerous from the point of view of national security and to produce and promote “Ukrainian-centric” narratives. The last part of the article will discuss the new Ukrainian “patriotic cinema,” supported and subsidized by the state, with a focus on the role it plays in a society experiencing conflict.
Influence of cooling environment on microstructure and mechanical properties of AA6082-T6 and AA7050-T7 dissimilar friction stir welds
Authors: Singh Anugrah , Upadhyay Vikas , Sharma Chaitanya
Published: July 2022

This work developed dissimilar friction stir welded joints of AA6082-T6 and AA7050-T7 under different cooling environments namely conventional air, forced air, and water-cooling. Characteristics of developed weld joints were studied for macrostructure, microstructure, microhardness, tensile properties, and fractography. AA6082-T6 dominated in weld nugget macrostructure and proportion of same increased with increasing cooling rate, while weld width reduced remarkably with an increase in heat extraction rate. Welds had interlocking lobes-based flow structures superimposed over an intercalated lamellar layer of both metals. The cooling environment significantly affected the proportion of low/high angle grain boundaries, tensile properties, and hardness of weld nugget zones. The tensile specimens of all-welded joints were fractured from minimum hardness location in a ductile mode.
Sensorless position control of solenoid actuators for soft landing using super-twisting sliding mode control
Authors: Sarmad Qureshi Muhammad , Bebek Ozkan
Published: July 2022

This article presents an open-loop control methodology to achieve lower seating velocities (i.e. soft-landing) for solenoid-based injector systems which are widely used in automotive as fuel injection valves or gas exchange valves of internal combustion engines to spray various fluids. Physical sensors are not preferred to be used in injectors in order to increase reliability and reduce cost. As a result, it becomes impossible to control the motion of the moving parts within injectors in closed-loop. This study offers a novel sensorless position tracking approach with which impact noise can be reduced and mechanical wear and tear can be minimized. Using the Hammerstein-Wiener modeling method and a super-twisting sliding mode controller this new approach replicates the dynamics of the injector and tracks specially designed position reference signals to achieve soft landing. The effectiveness of this approach is based on the observed negligible position and velocity errors between the estimated and actual measurements. This study also offers a new way to optimize the settling time of the injector systems, while ensuring soft landing. Using the proposed approach here, the closing profiles of the reference signals were refined according to the admittance time of the solenoid actuator and the optimal closing profile signals were selected based on performance comparisons with the baseline. The results of the experiments are presented and the promising effectiveness of the proposed approach is discussed.
Modeling and analysis of dynamic characteristics of rubber isolators for electric vehicles under high-frequency excitation
Authors: Liu Xiao-Ang , Zhang Jiaqi , Jia Xing , Xiao Sen , Chen Daliang , Shangguan Wen-Bin
Published: July 2022

The rubber isolator is a key component connecting the vehicle body and the powertrain, which plays a significant role in reducing the vibration transmission from the engine to the vehicle body. With the development of electric vehicles, the excitation frequency generated by the powertrain can exceed 2 kHz. The conventional dynamic models are usually used to simulate the low-frequency dynamic characteristics of rubber isolators, in the range of 0–200 Hz, which is the main excitation frequency range of the traditional internal combustion engine vehicle. However, they cannot simulate the high-frequency dynamic characteristics accurately since the inertial force caused by the mass of rubber isolators increases greatly under high frequencies. And the high-frequency dynamic characteristics of rubber isolators is of great significance for isolator fatigue life prediction, powertrain system vibration isolation design and noise control caused by the high-frequency resonance of the isolator. In this paper, a general model with mass elements is proposed to describe the effect of the inertial force on high-frequency dynamic stiffness. Based on the proposed model and considering the different expressions of the viscoelastic properties of rubber isolators, three improved dynamic models of rubber isolators are established, and used to analyze the high-frequency dynamic characteristics of rubber isolators. It has been demonstrated that the inertial force plays a non-negligible role in the dynamic characteristics of rubber isolators under high-frequency excitation. The proposed model can be used to analyze the effect of the inertial force on the dynamic characteristics at high frequencies accurately. The high-frequency dynamic characteristic modeling method of rubber isolators presented in this paper is helpful to the vibration and noise analysis of electric vehicle powertrain systems under high-frequency excitation.
Effective features extraction by analyzing heart sound for identifying cardiovascular diseases related to COVID-19: A diagnostic model
Authors: Sabouri Zahra , Ghadimi Abbas , Kiani-Sarkaleh Azadeh , Khoshhal Roudposhti Kamrad
Published: July 2022

Incidence and exacerbation of some of the cardiovascular diseases in the presence of the coronavirus will lead to an increase in the mortality rate among patients. Therefore, early diagnosis of such diseases is critical, especially during the COVID-19 pandemic (mild COVID-19 infection). Thus, for diagnosing the heart diseases related to the COVID-19, an automatic, non-invasive, and inexpensive method based on the heart sound processing approach is proposed. In the present study, a set of features related to the nature of heart signals is defined and extracted. The investigated features included morphological and statistical features in the heart sound frequencies. By extracting and selecting a set of effective features related to the mentioned diseases, and avoiding to use different segmentation and filtering techniques, dependence on a limited dataset and specific sampling procedures has been eliminated. Different classifiers with various kernels are applied for diagnosis in data unbalanced and balanced conditions. The results showed 93.15% accuracy and 93.72% F1-score using 60 effective features in data balanced conditions. The identification system using the extracted features from Azad dataset is able to achieve the desired results in a generalized dataset. In this way, in the shortest possible sampling time, the present system provided an effective and generalizable method and a practical model for diagnosing important cardiovascular diseases in the presence of coronavirus in the COVID-19 pandemic.
Computational modelling of ankle-foot orthosis to evaluate spatially asymmetric structural stiffness: Importance of geometric nonlinearity
Authors: Sumihira Wataru , Otani Tomohiro , Kobayashi Yo , Tanaka Masao
Published: July 2022

An ankle-foot orthosis (AFO) constructed as a single piece of isotropic elastic material is a commonly used assistive device that provides stability to the ankle joint of patients with spastic diplegic cerebral palsy. The AFO has asymmetric stiffness that restricts plantarflexion during the swing phase while it is flexible to allow dorsiflexion during the stance phase with a large deflection, including buckling originating from geometric nonlinearity. However, its mechanical implications have not been sufficiently investigated. This study aims to develop a computational model of an AFO considering geometric nonlinearity and examine AFO stiffness asymmetry during plantarflexion and dorsiflexion using physical experiments. Three-dimensional AFO mechanics with geometric nonlinearities were expressed using corotational triangle-element formulations that obeyed Kirchhoff–Love plate theory. Computational load tests for plantarflexion and dorsiflexion, using idealised AFOs with two different ankle-region designs (covering or not covering the apexes of the malleoli), showed that plantarflexion moment–ankle angle relationships were linear and dorsiflexion moment–ankle angle relationships were nonlinear; increases in dorsiflexion led to negative apparent stiffness of the AFO. Both ankle-region designs resisted both plantarflexion and dorsiflexion, and out-of-plane elastic energy was locally concentrated on the lateral side, resulting in large deflections during dorsiflexion. These findings give insight into appropriate AFO design from a mechanical viewpoint by characterising three-dimensional structural asymmetry and geometric nonlinearity.