bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
18-β Glycyrrhetinic acid alleviates 2-acetylaminofluorene-induced hepatotoxicity in Wistar rats
Authors: Hasan SK , Khan R , Ali N , Khan AQ , Rehman MU , Tahir M , Lateef A , Nafees S , Mehdi SJ , Rashid S , Shahid A , Sultana S
Published: October 2014

2-Acetylaminofluorene (2-AAF) is a known hepatic carcinogen which leads to tumour formation in rodents. 18-β Glycyrrhetinic acid (18 β-GA) derived from liquorice plant has various pharmacological properties such as anti-ulcer, anti-inflammatory, antiviral, hepatoprotective and antioxidant. This study is designed to elucidate the chemopreventive properties of 18 β-GA against 2-AAF-induced liver toxicity in Wistar rats and evaluated its effect on inflammatory and tumour promotion marker and activities of different oxidative stress enzymes. Administration of 2-AAF at the dose of (50 mg/kg body weight (b.w.) intraperitoneally (i.p.)) for five consecutive days induces hepatic toxicity, inflammation, oxidative stress and hyperproliferation. Pretreatment with 18 β-GA at two different doses (45 and 75 mg kg−1 b.w.) significantly ameliorates 2-AAF-induced increased lipid peroxidation, alanine transaminase and aspartate transaminase, xanthine oxidase activities and activities of phase-II detoxifying enzymes along with the levels of glutathione content. Administration of 18 β-GA also significantly restored the expressions of proliferating cell nuclear antigen, cyclooxygenase 2, inducible nitric oxide synthase and nuclear factor κB. Furthermore, histological observations also support the preventive effects of 18 β-GA. Our findings suggest that pretreatment with 18 β-GA showed potential hepatoprotective effects via attenuation of oxidative stress, inflammation and hyperproliferation.
Gene expression of Hsps in normal and abnormal embryonic development of mouse hindlimbs
Authors: Yan Zhengli , Wei Huimiao , Ren Chuanlu , Yuan Shishan , Fu Hu , Lv Yuan , Zhu Yongfei , Zhang Tianbao
Published: October 2014

Heat shock proteins (Hsps), which have important biological functions, are a class of highly conserved genetic molecules with the capacity of protecting and promoting cells to repair themselves from damage caused by various stimuli. Our previous studies found that Hsp25, HspB2, HspB3, HspB7, Hsp20, HspB9, HspB10, and Hsp40 may be related to all-trans retinoic acid (atRA)-induced phocomelic and other abnormalities, while HspA12B, HspA14, Trap1, and Hsp105 may be forelimb development-related genes; Grp78 may play an important role in forelimb development. In this study, the embryonic phocomelic, oligodactylic model of both forelimbs and hindlimbs was developed by atRA administered per os to the pregnant mice on gestational day 11, and the expression of 36 members of Hsps family in normal and abnormal development of embryonic hindlimbs was measured by real-time fluorescent quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). It is found that HspA1L, Hsp22, Hsp10, Hsp60, Hsp47, HspB2, HspB10, HspA12A, Apg1, HspB4, Grp78, and HspB9 probably performs a major function in limb development, and HspA13, Grp94 and Hsp110 may be hindlimb development-related genes.
What Mothers Know About Child Development and Parenting in Qatar
Authors: Al-Maadadi Fatima , Ikhlef Atmane
Published: October 2014

Maternal knowledge is important to parenting behaviors, children’s development and well-being. Mothers’ knowledge of child development has been shown to have a significant influence on the way mothers interact with their children and the learning opportunities they provide. This study was carried out to determine the level of maternal knowledge of child development and whether the level of knowledge varies by content area for mothers living in Qatar. The study also examined the relationship between maternal demographic characteristics and general and specific knowledge levels. The sample of mothers ( N = 263) completed the Knowledge of Infant Development Inventory (KIDI) together with the Catalog of Previous Experience with Infants (COPE). Findings indicated that mothers’ knowledge about typical child deployment, developmental norms and milestones is poor. Implications in terms of parent education and clinical practice are discussed.
Protective Factors and Recidivism in Accused Juveniles Who Sexually Offended
Authors: Klein Verena , Rettenberger Martin , Yoon Dahlnym , Köhler Nora , Briken Peer
Published: October 2014

To date, research on juvenile sexual offender recidivism has tended to focus on risk factors rather than protective factors. Therefore, very little is known about protective factors in the population of juveniles who sexually offended. The aim of the present study was to examine the impact of protective factors on non-recidivism in a sample of accused juveniles who sexually offended ( N = 71) in a mean follow-up period of 47.84 months. Protective factors were measured with the Protective Factor Scale of the Structured Assessment of Violence Risk in Youth (SAVRY), and the Structured Assessment of PROtective Factors for violence risk (SAPROF). Criminal charges served as recidivism data. The internal scale of the SAPROF, in particular, yielded moderate predictive accuracy for the absence of violent and general recidivism, though not for the absence of sexual recidivism. No protective factor of the SAVRY did reveal predictive accuracy regarding various types of the absence of recidivism. Furthermore, protective factors failed to achieve any significant incremental predictive accuracy beyond that captured by the SAVRY risk factors alone. The potential therapeutic benefit of protective factors in juvenile sexual offender treatment is discussed.
Acoustic behavior of sandwich plates
Authors: Nentwich Fred , Fuchs Anton
Published: October 2014

Sandwich structures of honeycomb cores and carbon laminate face sheets are ideal to meet low-weight and high-stiffness specifications. However, these structures are susceptible to noise problems. They tend to radiate structure-borne sound very efficiently or be transparent for air-borne sound. The problem’s root is the coincidence frequency, at which the wavelengths of beam and air coincide. In the vicinity of the coincidence frequency, observing wave fields with slanted incidence, the air’s trace wavelength can match the beam’s wavelength. Unlike homogenous structures, where wave trace matching only occurs in a narrow frequency band, sandwich structures can display this effect in a more than two decade wide frequency region. This facilitates noise transmission in a wide frequency band. The first focus of this paper is how to avoid this problem in the first place by designing the sandwich adequately. To check the region of wave trace matching, dispersion curves are used. A simplified but sufficiently accurate dispersion curve is proposed. The second focus lies in the interpretation of the dispersion curve, i.e. what is physically happening in the beam structure. The third focus is placed on the experimental identification of the sandwich beam structure’s shell parameters including its damping. Special attention is placed on which measures are necessary and which not in the experimental setup and experimental procedure to achieve sufficiently accurate results.
Exploring the impact of past memories on tourist experiences of homeland visit
Authors: Io Man-U
Published: October 2014

While literature review suggests that immigrants’ memories of their past life in homeland influence their present life, it is believed that immigrants’ memories related to their homeland may influence their tourist experiences of homeland visit. To explore any impact of immigrants’ past memories on their homeland visit experiences, a survey was conducted with 500 Chinese immigrants in Macao. The findings revealed the special tourist experiences of homeland visitors that reflected how visitors felt about their past, present, and future lives during their homeland visit. Moreover, it was found that respondents’ past memories of their homeland, travel patterns, and length of living in their homeland and Macao had a significant impact on their homeland visit experiences and feelings.
“Fair use is legal use”: Copyright negotiations and strategies in the fan-vidding community
Authors: Freund Katharina
Published: October 2014

This article explores the complex relationship of a particular community of remix artists, known as vidders, to copyright law. With streaming video capabilities and the widespread popularity of remix culture, the historically underground vidding community has been forced to adapt to new conditions. In response to much existing scholarship, which portrays remixers and fans as victims of an unjust system, this research draws on ethnographic research to reveal community-based strategies used by vidders to mitigate the risks as perceived infringers of copyright. It will discuss vidders’ understandings of copyright law in relation to their work, and also their efforts to legitimize fan practices and remix as legal uses of copyrighted material under US law. Rather than being seen as simply victims of an unjust system, this research demonstrates that online communities have worked proactively to understand and respond to perceived copyright threats.
Control-oriented residual gas mass prediction for spark ignition engines
Authors: Wang Shu , Prucka Robert , Prucka Michael , Dourra Hussein
Published: October 2014

Trapped residual gas mass is an important physical factor that influences combustion phasing and variation, fuel consumption, and air mass prediction for fuel control. There are currently no mass-production sensors available to directly measure in-cylinder residual gas mass, so prediction models must be utilized for control. Residual gas content of the cylinder can be difficult to directly model for control purposes because it involves complex flows during gas exchange that are driven by fluctuating pressures in the intake and exhaust systems. Capturing these effects in an accurate manner generally requires high model complexity and computational effort outside of the capability of most production intent engine controllers. This paper presents a semi-physics-based control oriented residual gas mass (RGM) prediction method. The RGM model is based on Bernoulli’s principle and considers engine operating conditions, valve timing and geometry, and piston motion effects. Moreover, to more accurately estimate the burned gas back flow, this model captures gas wave dynamic effects in intake and exhaust manifold pressures. The model is described in detail and its prediction accuracy is compared to that of a high fidelity simulation that utilizes experimentally measured crank angle resolved intake, exhaust, and cylinder pressures as boundary conditions. The new model is incorporated into a rapid-prototype control system for real-time operation during transient and steady-state engine operation. The results show that the proposed RGM model provides real-time predictions within 1.9-2.3% RGF, creating relative estimation errors in the range of 10-24%, and is capable of running real-time for engine control.
Immune and Inflammatory Signaling Pathways in Exercise and Obesity
Authors: Krüger Karsten , Mooren Frank C. , Eder Klaus , Ringseis Robert
Published: October 2014

Over the last decades the combination of both a sedentary lifestyle and excessive food availability has led to a significant increase in the prevalence of obesity, which is increasingly recognized as an important risk factor for type 2 diabetes. Several lines of evidence exist demonstrating that expanded visceral adipose tissue produces several pro-inflammatory mediators that activate signaling pathways that contribute to the development of insulin resistance. Exercise training is an important lifestyle factor that is widely used as a tool for preventing and improving lifestyle-related obesity and insulin resistance. In this regard, exercise training is useful to increase energy expenditure thereby counteracting a positive energy balance. Exercise training is also able to attenuate the activation of several obesity-induced pathways of inflammation and oxidative stress. Thus, a better understanding of the molecular mechanisms and immune pathways in exercise, obesity, and diabetes can be extremely useful to exploit optimized lifestyle strategies to combat the increasing incidence of metabolic diseases.
Choking in the Pediatric Population
Authors: Denny Sarah A. , Hodges Nichole L. , Smith Gary A.
Published: October 2014

Choking is a preventable, but common cause of morbidity and mortality in the pediatric population, with children younger than 3 years at greatest risk. A number of factors place children at higher risk for choking, including narrower airways, immature dentition, underdeveloped chewing and swallowing ability, and high levels of activity and distractibility. Candy, meat, and bone are responsible for more than half of nonfatal food-related choking, while the hot dog is the most common food associated with choking fatalities. Coins, button batteries, small toys, and toy parts are the leading causes of nonfatal choking not due to food, while latex balloons are the leading cause of nonfood-related choking fatalities. Pediatric choking is an important public health concern that needs to be addressed during well-child visits and through increased public education. Parents and child caregivers should receive training in cardiopulmonary resuscitation and choking rescue maneuvers. Increased efforts are also needed in the areas of public policy, choking surveillance, and food design and labeling.
Questioning universalism, devising an ethics without foundations: An exploration of international relations ontologies and epistemologies
Authors: Zanotti Laura
Published: October 2014

In this article, I explore the ontological and epistemological assumptions of the ethical universalism that constitutes the basis for international intervention. I argue grounding ethical decisions upon abstract normativity diverts attention from what is at stake in specific situations and may lead to self-appeasement and de-responsabilization. In order to re-imagine political agency in an interconnected world, we must engage in a reflection about International Relations ontological and epistemological categories. I explore how pragmatism (especially in Friedrich Kratochwil’s understanding), as well as the work of philosophers of science and feminist metaethical philosophers, delineates pathways for a non-foundationalist conceptualization of how we know the world, how we relate to it, and how we may endeavor to change it as ethical and political actors. I conclude by advocating the cultivation of an ethics of responsibility based upon contextualized judgments and reflexivity rather than abstract universal claims.
Why a radical geography must be anarchist
Authors: Springer Simon
Published: October 2014

Radical geographers have been preoccupied with Marxism for four decades, largely ignoring an earlier anarchist tradition that thrived a century before radical geography was claimed as Marxist in the 1970s. When anarchism is considered, it is misused as a synonym for violence or derided as a utopian project. Yet it is incorrect to assume anarchism as a project, which instead reflects Marxian thought. Anarchism is more appropriately considered a protean process that perpetually unfolds through the insurrectionary geographies of the everyday and the prefigurative politics of direct action, mutual aid, and voluntary association. Unlike Marxism’s stages of history and revolutionary imperative, which imply an end state, anarchism appreciates the dynamism of the social world. In staking a renewed anarchist claim for radical geography, I attend to the divisions between Marxism and anarchism as two alternative socialisms, wherein the former positions equality alongside an ongoing flirtation with authoritarianism, while the latter maximizes egalitarianism and individual liberty by considering them as mutually reinforcing. Radical geographers would do well to reengage anarchism as there is a vitality to this philosophy that is missing from Marxian analyses that continue to rehash ideas—such as vanguardism and a proletarian dictatorship—that are long past their expiration date.
The shape of geography to come
Authors: Ince Anthony
Published: October 2014

In this commentary, I offer, from an anarchist–geographic perspective, a constructive critique of certain elements of Simon Springer’s article. I welcome his article for bringing to light some of the more politically problematic elements of (orthodox) Marxist thought. Springer raises important points about the practicalities of social change, but he does so in a rather binaristic manner. Accordingly, I address several elements of Springer’s characterization of both anarchism and Marxism – especially on political organization and praxis – in order to nuance some of his arguments and draw out broader lessons for radical geographical scholarship and the future of the radical/revolutionary left in general.
Praxis, ontology, and the pursuit of an anarcho-geography
Authors: Clough Nathan L
Published: October 2014

The re-emergence of anarchism as a serious theoretical and political trajectory in geography is a trend to be celebrated. Taking the call for an anarchist geography seriously, however, raises many questions, the answers to which are by no means clear. What, for example, is the analytic contribution of anarchism to theories of space? And, what is the relation of an anarchist geography to other forms of radical thought such as feminism, post-colonialism, and queer studies? This commentary details some of these questions and attempts to position them as a series of problems that must be addressed head on if anarcho-geography is to develop from a theory to a praxis.
It’s just not true
Authors: Mann Geoff
Published: October 2014

Simon Springer’s argument for anarchist geography is both an unsubstantiated dismissal of the Marxian tradition and an uncritical celebration of the anarchism he endorses. There may be good reasons to be wary of the influence of Marxism and Marxists in ‘radical’ geography, but his politically ungenerous and analytically wrong representation of Marxism and Marxism geography is not the place to begin.
By words alone shall we know
Authors: Agnew John
Published: October 2014

Some of the most important geographical concepts—geopolitics, region, and territory—are often decoded according to the norms of the history of ideas, broadly construed. By this, I mean that their ‘genealogies’ as ideas are regarded as providing the key to unlocking their current meaning in relation to how the world works. As such they are thought of as constituting the world as we know it. Practice is seen as deriving from the meaning ascribed to the concept. In certain circumstances, an empirical case can be made for this. But it cannot be presumed to be the case. This idealist epistemology is a rather inadequate basis for the spatial ontology that is more our focus as geographers. We are not primarily interested in the history of ideas/concepts per se, only in how they help us understand real-world phenomena. After a brief review of the dilemma using Ian Hacking’s approach, I question thinking about the three geographical concepts mentioned at the outset to suggest some limitations to the infatuation with the history of ideas.
By way of a response
Authors: Agnew John
Published: October 2014

I restate my argument as a critique of lexical conservatism and the so-called history of the present as a history of words. This leads to a discussion of what we mean by genealogy and agency in contemporary theoretical work. I then briefly respond to some of the key points raised by the commentators.
Battling shadows
Authors: Farish Matthew
Published: October 2014

This short commentary applauds John Agnew (2014) for his interest in the history of geographic concepts but dissents with both his diagnosis of and proposed remedy for the literature in this field. After contesting Agnew’s use of ‘genealogy’ and his assessment of critical geopolitics, the commentary suggests that his treatment of geography’s intellectual histories rests on two untenable separations, that is, of past from present and concepts from ‘real-world phenomena’.
Cardiac rehabilitation with a nurse case manager (GoHeart) across local and regional health authorities improves risk factors, self-care and psychosocial outcomes. A one-year follow-up study
Authors: Hansen Vibeke Brogaard , Maindal Helle Terkildsen
Published: October 2014

Objectives

In Denmark, the local and regional health authorities share responsibility for cardiac rehabilitation (CR). The objective was to assess effectiveness of CR across sectors coordinated by a nurse case manager (NCM).

Design

A one-year follow-up study.

Setting

A CR programme (GoHeart) was evaluated in a cohort at Lillebaelt Hospital Vejle, DK from 2010 to 2011.

Participants

Consecutive patients admitted to CR were included. The inclusion criteria were the event of acute myocardial infarction or stable angina and invasive revascularization (left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) ≥45%).

Main outcome measures

Cardiac risk factors, stratified self-care and self-reported psychosocial factors (SF12 and Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS)) were assessed at admission (phase IIa), at three months at discharge (phase IIb) and at one-year follow-up (phase III). Intention-to-treat and predefined subgroup analysis on sex was performed.

Results

Of 241 patients, 183 (75.9%) were included (mean age 63.8 years). At discharge improvements were found in total-cholesterol ( p < 0.001), low density lipoprotein (LDL; p < 0.001), functional capacities (metabolic equivalent of tasks (METS), p < 0.01), self-care management ( p < 0.001), Health status Short Form 12 version (SF12; physical; p < 0.001 and mental; p < 0.01) and in depression symptoms ( p < 0.01). At one-year follow-up these outcomes were maintained; additionally there was improvement in body mass index (BMI; p < 0.05), and high density lipoprotein (HDL; p < 0.05). There were no sex differences.

Conclusion

CR shared between local and regional health authorities led by a NCM (GoHeart) improves risk factors, self-care and psychosocial factors. Further improvements in most variables were at one-year follow-up.
Where Does Debt Fit in the Stress Process Model?
Authors: Drentea Patricia , Reynolds John R.
Published: October 2014

This paper contrasts two money-related stressors—debt and economic hardship—and clarifies where debt fits into the stress process model. Debt may be a direct or indirect stressor, as something mediated by psychosocial resources, and may be a potential buffer, interacting with economic hardship. The analyses use data from a two-wave panel study of 1,463 adults. One way debt is distinct from economic hardship is that debt is more common among economically advantaged groups. Further, though debt and economic hardship are both associated with negative mental health, the influence of hardship is partly mediated by mastery. This is not true of debt. Finally, debt does not buffer the negative effects of economic hardship, nor does its influence vary by income. We conclude debt is best conceptualized as an unmediated stressor and not as a coping resource. Future research should determine whether different types of debt have distinct mental health consequences.
New perspectives on thermosphere tides: 1. Lower thermosphere spectra and seasonal-latitudinal structures
Authors: Truskowski Alexander O , Forbes Jeffrey M , Zhang Xiaoli , Palo Scott E
Published: October 2014

Thermosphere-Ionosphere-Mesosphere Energetics and Dynamics/Sounding of the Atmosphere using Broadband Emission Radiometry (TIMED/SABER) temperature measurements at 110 km and between ±50° latitude extending from 2002 through 2010 are analyzed to reveal the tidal spectrum entering the ionosphere-thermosphere (IT) system. Seasonal-latitudinal structures are presented for the most prominent spectral components which include DE3, DE2, D0, DW1, DW2, SE1 to SE4, SW1 to SW4, SW6, TE1, TW4, TW5, and TW7. Referring to recent calculations of lower atmosphere heat sources as well as vertical structure characteristics of these waves anticipated from classical tidal theory, we analyze the likely origins of these waves and the nature of their seasonal-latitudinal structures. Several waves are likely to arise through nonlinear wave-wave interactions, and in some cases, this appears to be the sole viable mechanism leading to their existence. The tidal spectrum quantified here is especially relevant to the dynamo generation of electric fields which then impose the tidal variability on the overlying F-region ionosphere. Part 2 of this 2-part study examines penetration of the tidal spectrum to the upper thermosphere.

Please see related article: http://www.earth-planets-space.com/content/66/1/122
Debate: Prevention and Victim Compensation
Authors: Varia Nisha
Published: October 2014

Afroza, a Bangladeshi woman who worked for sixteen years without getting paid and was not allowed to go home to visit her family. Keni, an Indonesian woman whose employers injured her with a hot iron, leaving disfiguring third-degree burns all over her body. Kartika, an older Sri Lankan woman whose employers made her work around the clock without pay, shaved her head to humiliate her and gouged pieces of flesh out of her arm with knives.These are some of the women whose faces and stories still haunt me after ten years of investigating human rights abuses against migrant domestic workers in Asia and the Middle East.
Debate: What Would be the Best Way to Use 10 Million Dollars in the Counter-Trafficking Sector?
Authors: Friedman Matt
Published: October 2014

For me, it is essential that the first question related to this query be: ‘What are we really hoping to achieve with our available resources?’ In the past, this question would have been answered in terms of the deployment of the traditional ‘3 Ps’: prevention interventions, prosecution efforts and protection initiatives. Programme efforts under these headings are often designed to prevent people from being trafficked, put criminals in jail and help victims after they leave the exploitative environment. But few interventions explicitly state ‘the goal is to reduce the number of people in human trafficking/slavery-like conditions’. The goal must be the reduction of overall victims.The second question I would ask: ‘What can be done to achieve the most impact in reducing the number of trafficked persons, with the least amount of resources?’ In other words, I would seek to put in place a programme that is both cost effective and impactful. With limited funding available globally, every dollar must count.
Glutamatergic Signaling at the Vestibular Hair Cell Calyx Synapse
Authors: Sadeghi Soroush G. , Pyott Sonja J. , Yu Zhou , Glowatzki Elisabeth
Published: October 2014

In the vestibular periphery a unique postsynaptic terminal, the calyx, completely covers the basolateral walls of type I hair cells and receives input from multiple ribbon synapses. To date, the functional role of this specialized synapse remains elusive. There is limited data supporting glutamatergic transmission, K+or H+accumulation in the synaptic cleft as mechanisms of transmission. Here the role of glutamatergic transmission at the calyx synapse is investigated. Whole-cell patch-clamp recordings from calyx endings were performed in anin vitrowhole-tissue preparation of the rat vestibular crista, the sensory organ of the semicircular canals that sense head rotation. AMPA-mediated EPSCs showed an unusually wide range of decay time constants, from <5 to >500 ms. Decay time constants of EPSCs increased (or decreased) in the presence of a glutamate transporter blocker (or a competitive glutamate receptor blocker), suggesting a role for glutamate accumulation and spillover in synaptic transmission. Glutamate accumulation caused slow depolarizations of the postsynaptic membrane potentials, and thereby substantially increased calyx firing rates. Finally, antibody labelings showed that a high percentage of presynaptic ribbon release sites and postsynaptic glutamate receptors were not juxtaposed, favoring a role for spillover. These findings suggest a prominent role for glutamate spillover in integration of inputs and synaptic transmission in the vestibular periphery. We propose that similar to other brain areas, such as the cerebellum and hippocampus, glutamate spillover may play a role in gain control of calyx afferents and contribute to their high-pass properties.
Chronic Stress Impairs α1-Adrenoceptor-Induced Endocannabinoid-Dependent Synaptic Plasticity in the Dorsal Raphe Nucleus
Authors: Haj-Dahmane Samir , Shen Roh-Yu
Published: October 2014

Alpha 1-adrenergic receptors (α1-ARs) control the activity of dorsal raphe nucleus (DRn) serotonin (5-HT) neurons and play crucial role in the regulation of arousal and stress homoeostasis. However, the precise role of these receptors in regulating glutamate synapses of rat DRn 5-HT neurons and whether chronic stress exposure alters such regulation remain unknown. In the present study, we examined the impact of chronic restraint stress on α1-AR-mediated regulation of glutamate synapses onto DRn 5-HT neurons. We found that, in the control condition, activation of α1-ARs induced an inward current and long-term depression (LTD) of glutamate synapses of DRn 5-HT neurons. The α1-AR LTD was initiated by postsynaptic α1-ARs but mediated by a decrease in glutamate release. The presynaptic expression of the α1-AR LTD was signaled by retrograde endocannabinoids (eCBs). Importantly, we found that chronic exposure to restraint stress profoundly reduced the magnitude of α1-AR LTD but had no effect on the amplitude of α1-AR-induced inward current. Chronic restraint stress also reduced the CB1 receptor-mediated inhibition of EPSC and the eCB-mediated depolarization-induced suppression of excitation. Collectively, these results indicate that chronic restraint stress impairs the α1-AR LTD by reducing the function of presynaptic CB1 receptors and reveal a novel mechanism by which noradrenaline controls synaptic strength and plasticity in the DRn. They also provide evidence that chronic stress impairs eCB signaling in the DRn, which may contribute, at least in part, to the dysregulation of the stress homeostasis.
Aspectos técnicos e funcionais da cateterização dos seios petrosos inferiores na síndrome de Cushing ACTH dependente
Authors: Silva João Miguel de Almeida , Aguiar Guilherme Brasileiro de , Conti Mario Luiz Marques , Santos Américo Rubens Leite dos , Lima Junior José Viana , Veiga José Carlos Esteves
Published: October 2014

Objetivo Descrever e analisar a técnica empregada para a cateterização bilateral dos seios petrosos inferiores (SPI) em nosso serviço, discutindo as dificuldades e as taxas de sucesso encontradas. Sujeitos e métodos Entre 2009 e 2012, foram submetidos ao cateterismo bilateral dos SPI 14 pacientes com suspeita de síndrome de Cushing, sendo descrita a técnica empregada para o cateterismo e para a análise hormonal. Resultados O procedimento foi bem tolerado por todos os pacientes, sendo alcançada a cateterização adequada dos SPI em 92,85% dos casos. O diagnóstico de doença de Cushing foi firmado em 10 casos, sendo o resultado do cateterismo dos SPI após estímulo com CRH coerente em todos, não havendo falso-negativos. Conclusão O cateterismo dos SPI, apesar de ser uma técnica invasiva, é um procedimento seguro. A sua realização pode ser feita de forma adequada na maioria dos casos e, quando bem indicada, permanece como padrão-ouro na distinção da forma hipofisária da ectópica na síndrome de Cushing.
Da teoria à práxis? Axel Honneth e as lutas por reconhecimento na teoria política contemporânea
Authors: Melo Rúrion
Published: October 2014

Ao desenvolver uma teoria da luta por reconhecimento, Axel Honneth pretendeu elucidar de que modo conceitos teóricos seriam capazes de apontar para as "motivações" práticas que levam sujeitos e grupos sociais a agir politicamente. No presente artigo, avaliaremos essa solução oferecida por Honneth para a relação entre teoria e práxis a partir de duas críticas levantadas por Nancy Fraser: contra a abrangência empírica do conceito e a contra a centralidade de uma psicologia moral pressuposta. Em seguida, mostraremos que Honneth procurou dar conta de tais críticas com o custo de abandonar a noção de "luta" como elemento constitutivo do reconhecimento para elaborar uma "teoria da justiça" socialmente justificada. Por fim, concluiremos que a utilização do conceito de reconhecimento precisa voltar a estar ligada à noção de "luta" e aos conflitos sociais que pretendia originalmente explicar, insistindo em uma repolitização da teoria por reconhecimento.
Qual é o sentido da igualdade?
Authors: Anderson Elizabeth S.
Published: October 2014

O igualitarismo democrático dá às sociedades um meio para entender os princípios da justiça e como eles se aplicam a elas próprias e a outras. Ao perceber a forma como a justiça exige respeito mútuo para funcionar, os cidadãos de uma comunidade política podem se tornar ativos no sentido de garantir que suas estruturas sociais e políticas facilitem o desenvolvimento de respeito e tolerância mútuos.
Sobre justiça: lições de Platão, Rawls e Ishiguro
Authors: Fraser Nancy
Published: October 2014

Nesse ensaio, Fraser elabora uma reflexão sobre a justiça a partir dos escritos de Platão, Rawls e Ishiguro. Por meio de uma análise crítica de Não me abandone jamais, Fraser procura extrair do romance de Ishiguro proposições práticas para nossa realidade cotidiana. Segundo a autora, uma sociedade justa deve desconstruir mecanismos sociais excludentes que, ao restringir o âmbito dos sujeitos de justiça a apenas um grupo social, impedem o tratamento equânime de todas as pessoas.
Raiva humana transmitida por cães no Maranhão: avaliação das diretrizes básicas de eliminação da doença
Authors: Saraiva Daniel Soares , Thomaz Erika Bárbara Abreu Fonseca , Caldas Arlene de Jesus Mendes
Published: October 2014

Objetivou-se avaliar as diretrizes básicas do programa de eliminação da raiva humana transmitida por cães (RHTC) no Maranhão. Realizou-se estudo transversal de avaliação normativa nos municípios com casos de RHTC no Estado do Maranhão por meio de consulta a dados primários e secundários de cinco municípios com casos notificados de RHTC de 2006 a 2010. As diretrizes investigadas foram: a) treinamento de profissionais de saúde; b) educação em saúde dirigida à comunidade; c) profilaxia pós-exposição (PPE); e d) vacinação em massa de cães. Muitos profissionais nunca participaram de treinamento sobre RHTC ou o fizeram havia muitos anos. Mais de 70% da população entrevistada jamais recebeu instruções sobre a doença, e quase 100% não sabiam como proceder frente a uma agressão por cão. Verificaram-se deficiências nas ações de PPE e irregularidades nas redes de frio. A cobertura de vacinação animal foi superior a 80% nos municípios, exceto um. Conclui-se que há deficiências no cumprimento das diretrizes básicas para a eliminação da RHTC no Maranhão, podendo resultar em novos casos humanos no Estado.
Conhecimento nutricional e suplementação alimentar por praticantes de exercícios físicos
Authors: Moreira Fernanda Pedrotti , Rodrigues Kelly Lameiro
Published: October 2014

INTRODUÇÃO: O ambiente das academias favorece a disseminação de padrões estéticos estereotipados, levando muitos frequentadores a desenvolver hábitos alimentares inadequados e, muitas vezes, recorrer à utilização de suplementos alimentares. Ainda existe muita falta de informação e orientação em relação à nutrição ideal, o que pode prejudicar o desempenho desportivo.OBJETIVO: Avaliar o uso de suplementos alimentares, consumo alimentar e conhecimento nutricional dos praticantes de exercícios físicos da cidade de Pelotas, RS, Brasil.MÉTODOS: O grupo de estudo constitui-se de 60 indivíduos que responderam a um questionário e a um recordatório de 24 horas. A média de idade dos indivíduos foi 23,28 ± 3,37 anos e a grande maioria era composta por estudantes e profissionais com nível superior completo (83,3%).RESULTADOS: Verificou-se que 31,7% utilizavam algum tipo de suplemento alimentar, sendo em sua maioria homens (78,9%). Aminoácidos ou concentrados protéicos foram os mais consumidos. A fonte de indicação mais citada foram os instrutores e professores de Educação Física, seguida de autoindicação. A análise das dietas mostrou-se hipoglicídica, hiperprotéica e hiperlipídica. Houve relação estatística significativa entre o uso de suplementos alimentares e o consumo de proteínas acima do percentual recomendado (p=0,003). A população demonstrou moderado conhecimento quanto a conceitos básicos na área de nutrição e dificuldade em relacionar o alimento com sua fonte.CONCLUSÃO: Ressalta-se a necessidade de orientação nutricional, auxiliando os frequentadores de academia a atingir seus objetivos bem como o esclarecimento de dúvidas, visando melhorar o desempenho desportivo com os benefícios de uma alimentação adequada.
Comparação das reservas glicogênicas em ratos jovens e envelhecidos tratados com picolinato de cromo
Authors: Rodrigues Marcella Damas , Borin Sérgio Henrique , Paulino Patrícia Carla , Arruda Eder João , Silva Carlos Alberto da
Published: October 2014

INTRODUÇÃO: Entre os suplementos utilizados no meio esportivo, o mineral cromo tem se destacado, principalmente por potencializar a ação da via insulínica, ação extremamente importante na manutenção da homeostasia metabólica. A ação do cromo parece ter ação importante como coadjuvante nas dinâmicas da ação insulínica.OBJETIVO: Avaliar o perfil glicogênico, bem como a sensibilidade tecidual à insulina e a pancreática à glicose em ratos jovens e envelhecidos tratados com picolinato de cromo.MÉTODO: Foram utilizados ratos Wistar, com idade de 3 e 24 meses, distribuídos em quatro grupos experimentais (n = 6), assim denominados: jovens (J), jovens suplementados com picolinato de cromo (JP, 80 µg/Kg), envelhecidos (E) e envelhecidos suplementados com picolinato de cromo (EP, 80 µg/Kg). A sensibilidade à insulina foi avaliada através do teste de tolerância à insulina (ITT, 2 U/Kg) e a sensibilidade pancreática, através do teste de tolerância à glicose (GTT, 2 g/Kg). Na análise estatística foi utilizado teste de normalidade de dados de Kolmogorov-Smirnov, seguido de ANOVA e o teste post-hoc de Tukey, p < 0,05.RESULTADOS: O grupo envelhecido apresentou menores reservas glicogênicas se comparado ao grupo jovem; por sua vez, o tratamento com picolinato promoveu elevação das reservas hepáticas de ratos jovens sem efeito nos envelhecidos. No mesmo perfil de análise, foi demonstrado que o tratamento com picolinato promoveu elevação das reservas glicogênicas musculares, efeito observado tanto nos jovens quanto nos envelhecidos. No grupo jovem, não foi observada diferença no ITT, porém houve redução da área sob a curva descrita no GTT. No grupo envelhecido, houve elevação da responsividade à insulina no ITT e redução da área sob a curva.CONCLUSÃO: O picolinato expressou ação de secretagogo e sensibilizador da ação insulínica, com expressão mais significativa nos músculos envelhecidos.
Relação entre a variabilidade da frequência cardíaca e VO 2pico em mulheres ativas
Authors: Tamburús Nayara Yamada , Rebelo Ana Cristina Silva , César Marcelo de Castro , Catai Aparecida Maria , Takahashi Anielle Cristhine de Medeiros , Andrade Carolina Pieroni , Porta Alberto , Silva Ester da
Published: October 2014

OBJETIVO: Ava+liar a associação entre os índices da variabilidade da frequência cardíaca (VFC) e a aptidão cardiorrespiratória.MÉTODOS: Sessenta e duas mulheres (idade 22,1 ± 3,3 anos) foram divididas em quatro grupos: treinamento aeróbio (AER, n = 15), treinamento de força (FOR, n = 13), treinamento combinado (aeróbio e força) (AER+FOR, n = 15) e controle (C, n = 19). O teste cardiopulmonar foi realizado para avaliar a aptidão cardiorrespiratória a partir do consumo de oxigênio pico (VO2pico). A FC foi coletada em repouso na postura supina. A VFC foi analisada a partir de métodos lineares e não lineares.RESULTADOS: Os grupos AER e AER+FOR apresentaram maiores índices da VFC (lineares e não lineares) indicadores da modulação vagal e menores índices da VFC indicadores da modulação simpática, em relação ao grupo C. Os grupos AER e AER+FOR apresentaram maior complexidade e menor regularidade dos intervalos RR e maior VO2pico em relação aos grupos FOR e C. O VO2picoapresentou correlação com os índices da VFC.CONCLUSÃO: Este estudo mostrou que o treinamento físico aeróbio e combinado contribuíram significativamente para maior modulação autônoma da FC e aptidão cardiorrespiratória. A modulação autônoma da FC, avaliada a partir de métodos lineares e não lineares, está associada ao maior consumo de oxigênio.
Exercício físico como fator de proteção para a saúde em servidores públicos
Authors: Polisseni Maria Lucia de Castro , Ribeiro Luiz Cláudio
Published: October 2014

INTRODUÇÃO: A atividade física é reconhecida como fator de proteção para a saúde, sendo seus benefícios associados à redução de doenças crônicas e à diminuição do risco de morte prematura por doenças cardiovasculares. Embora a atividade física seja um importante recurso para políticas de promoção de saúde, o baixo nível e a inatividade física são preocupantes em todo o mundo. Em uma sociedade cada vez mais urbanizada e industrializada, exercícios físicos praticados regularmente são importantes recursos para manter o nível de atividade física recomendado, contudo, é preciso identificar as práticas mais adequadas às necessidades preconizadas como efeito protetor do exercício físico para a saúde.OBJETIVO: Analisar a prevalência de atividade física, fatores sociodemográficos, frequência, modalidades e motivos para a prática de exercício físico em servidores públicos de uma universidade.MÉTODOS: Estudo transversal, amostra aleatória (280 indivíduos) nível de confiança 95%, erro amostral 5%. Para avaliar o nível de atividade física foi utilizado o instrumento IPAQ (International Physical Activity Questionnaire), versão curta, na forma de entrevista. Foi aplicado um questionário sociodemográfico e questionado se os indivíduos praticavam exercício físico regularmente, a modalidade e frequência semanal, bem como os motivos para a prática. Os dados foram analisados utilizando-se o software estatístico SPSS - 14.0.RESULTADOS: A prevalência de inativos e insuficientemente ativos foi de 43,9%. Entre os que fazem exercício físico, 92,5% o fazem para a saúde (p<0,005), porém 29% são inativos ou insuficientemente ativos. Das modalidades mais praticadas, ao contrário do esperado, a caminhada não foi significativa.CONCLUSÕES: Houve diferenças no nível de atividade física quanto à idade, sexo, estado civil e ocupação, bem como nos motivos, na escolha e diversidade de modalidades praticadas. Além de encorajar e monitorar a atividade física, é preciso criar estratégias institucionais a fim de que se possam obter benefícios de melhor qualidade para a saúde.
A cooperativa popular de trabalho: uma contribuição à compreensão do significado de cooperativa para as costureiras do parque São Bartolomeu em Salvador, Bahia
Authors: Bunchaft Alexandra Flávio , Gondim Sônia Maria Guedes
Published: October 2014

Este artigo analisa o significado de cooperativa para as costureiras da Cooperativa de Mulheres do Parque São Bartolomeu, situada no Subúrbio Ferroviário de Salvador, Bahia. No contexto da globalização, o cooperativismo popular de trabalho surge como uma das alternativas produtivas para minimizar a exclusão social. Deste modo, argumenta- se que a organização cooperativa exige uma mudança nas relações laborais e, ao contrário da organização capitalista, privilegia as relações horizontais de trabalho entre seus membros. Considera-se que a compreensão dos significados da cooperativa poderá favorecer a compreensão da identidade organizacional em cooperativas populares de trabalho. A análise deste significado se baseou nas respostas das cooperadas a dois questionários aplicados em momentos distintos de funcionamento da cooperativa. Foi utilizada a técnica dos mapas cognitivos para analisar as respostas abertas e categorizá-las. Uma das principais conclusões foi a de que o significado da cooperativa abrange cinco dimensões: a) social, b) organizacional, c) racional, d) político-econômica e e) legal, com destaque para o aspecto social.
Liderança: uma relação com base no gerenciamento de stakeholders, a partir da ótica dos liderados
Authors: Benedetti Maurício Henrique , Hanashiro Darcy Mitiko Mori , Popadiuk Silvio
Published: October 2014

Este artigo estuda os líderes diante dos interesses dos liderados, com a finalidade de compreender a importância em gerenciar as relações entre a organização e grupos que podem cooperar ou prejudicar o desempenho organizacional. Utilizou-se como recorte metodológico o enfoque dado a um grupo de stakeholders da organização: os empregados, na condição de liderados. Neste contexto, buscou-se analisar o comportamento dos líderes que proporcionam condições aos liderados alcançarem os seus interesses. Realizou-se uma pesquisa descritiva, quantitativa, com criação de um instrumento específico, aplicado a uma amostra de 198 gerentes ou supervisores de empresas de grande porte da região metropolitana de São Paulo. Os resultados identificaram os atributos e habilidades dos líderes, os comportamentos que afetam a confiança dos liderados e como os líderes atendem aos diferentes interesses dos liderados. Identificou-se que os líderes usam uma dinâmica composta por seis domínios para o exercício da liderança, obtidos a partir da análise fatorial: firmeza na defesa de idéias, opções de recompensas, novas experiências e desafios, autonomia no trabalho baseada na confiança, referência para os liderados e vida pessoal do funcionário.
Do saber aos saberes: comparando as noções de qualificação e de competência
Authors: Vieira Adriane , Luz Talita Ribeiro da
Published: October 2014

O artigo trata da distinção entre o conceito de qualificação, que tem raízes na Sociologia e na Economia, e a noção de competência, que se funda na Educação e na Psicologia. Duas teses se contrapõem: a da ampliação e substituição do conceito de qualificação e a do deslocamento conceitual. O artigo trata ainda das dimensões conceitual, experimental e social da qualificação, mostrando que a noção de competência enfatiza a dimensão experimental e enfraquece as dimensões conceitual e social. Na busca de evidências foi realizada uma pesquisa qualitativa, do tipo exploratório-descritivo, comparando-se dois casos: uma organização do setor automotivo e outra do setor de telecomunicações. Os resultados da pesquisa corroboram a tese do deslocamento e mostram que a dimensão experimental é reforçada na gestão de competências.
Rindo do que? Como consultores reagem ao humor crítico e à ironia sobre sua profissão
Authors: Wood Jr Thomaz , Caldas Miguel P.
Published: October 2014

Durante a última década, seguindo o rápido crescimento de seu setor, os consultores e as firmas de consultoria passaram a sofrer diversas críticas. Este artigo procura sumarizar as críticas vindas de acadêmicos, jornalistas e, especialmente, aquelas presentes em textos humorísticos e irônicos. Por meio de uma investigação colaborativa, na qual utilizaram-se técnicas de projeção e de análise de conteúdo, foram analisadas as reações a anedotas de uma amostra de consultores de quatro organizações. Os resultados sugerem que esse grupo de profissionais é sensível às críticas, embora apresente uma tendência a racionalizar, de maneira defensiva, as críticas encontradas, no lugar de utilizar as mensagens e os sentidos implícitos para reflexão e auto-desenvolvimento.