bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Strategi Rasulullah SAW dalam Mengukuhkan Kestabilan Negara
Authors: Abu Bakar Ahmad Izzuddin
Published: February 2021

Rasulullah SAW is a muʿallim which means an educator in all situation. He is not just a messenger but also a governor and political leader. Primary sources of sīrah such as al-Sīrah al-Nabawiyyah written by ʿAbd Malik b. Hishām recorded two phases of preaching which are marhalah Madaniyyah and marhalah Makkiyah. The second phase includes the approaches to his governance and administration. This aligns with the city of Madinah that fulfills the general requirement of a country which is the citizen, districts, government, and sovereignty. As a leader of a country, Rasulullah SAW develops strategies to stabilize the newly built country. A stable and harmony country is one of the biggest blessing given by Allah SWT to His believers as stated in many ṣaḥīḥ hadith. Strategy established by Rasulullah SAW can be categorized as an internal and external strategy. The internal strategy can be seen when Rasulullah SAW accomplish a treaty with the non-muslim citizen of Madinah, ensure the supply of food is always available and administer strong economy sector to generate wealth. Whereas, the external strategy is by showed by the resilient of its army in order to alarm the enemy and established a peace treaty with neighboring tribes all around Madinah.
Terjemahan Ayat Amthal di dalam al-Quran: Kajian Terhadap Tafsir Pimpinan al-Rahman
Authors: Musa Muhammad Arif , Ahmad Abd Muhaimin , Saleh Muhammad Hafiz , Alias Norazman , Hussin Hayati , Daud Zainora
Published: February 2021

Among the miracles of the Quran is the high eloquence it posesses. On this matter, the Quran consist of parables (amthal verses). The role of the amthal verses is to provide a clear picture on the meanings of the Quran. They also leave a deeper impression to the listeners should they choose to meditate on these verses. Muslim scholars have studied the amthal verses and they have produced a number of literatures. This shows the importance of the amthal verses towards understanding the contents of the Qur'an. The translation of the Quran to Malay language began since the 17th century. The Quranic translation requires the translators to master the knowledge of Quranic interpretations which also include the knowledge on amthāl Quran. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to analyze the translation of amthal verses to Malay language. This study relies on Malay Quranic translation by Sheikh Abdullah Basmeih. The study compares between Basmeih’s translation and the understanding of the amthāl verses according to Abd al-Nāṣir al-Sa'di through his book Taisīr al-Karīm al-Rahmān. This study is qualitative in nature with descriptive methods. The study found that there are two categories of amthal verses; 1- verses which can be easily understood and translated to Malay, 2- complex verses that require further interpretations. The translation of Sheikh Abdullah Basmeih in the first category provide a clear understanding of the verses, however on the second category, Basmeih’s translations are insufficient.
Terjemahan Ayat Amthal di dalam al-Quran: Kajian Terhadap Tafsir Quran Karim Karya Prof. Dr. H. Mahmud Yunus
Authors: Musa Muhammad Arif , Mohamed Yusoff Adnan , Azmi Ahmad Sanusi
Published: February 2021

Eloquence is one of the miracles the Qur’ān possesses. Among the type of verses in the Qur’ān are metaphorical verses or amthāl verses. The amthāl verses provide readers with a clear picture on the Qur’ānic understanding. Islamic scholars have produced numerous writings specifically on amthāl verses which displays their importance in Quranic exegesis. As for the Malay world, especially in Quranic scholarship, translation of the Qur’ān in Malay language began in the 17th century. This expertise of Quranic translation requires a translator to master the knowledge of Quranic exegesis including the knowledge on amthāl in the Quran. The purpose of this study is to analyze the translation of amthāl verses in Malay Indonesian language based on Quranic translation written by Prof. Dr. Mahmud Yunus. The study is conducted by comparing Mahmud Yunus's translation of amthāl verses with exegeses of Abd al-Nāṣir al-Sa'dī’s Taisīr al-Karīm al-Rahmān and Ibn Ashur’s al-Tahrīr wa al-Tanwīr. This study is a qualitative study using deductive analysis and comparative method. The study suggests that Mahmud Yunus adopted a clear method of explaining Quranic metaphors by using additional interpretations in parentheses as well as additional comments in footnotes. However, there are also places where Mahmud Yunus simply translates the Quranic metaphor without any additional explanation.
الأسس الربانية فى تعليم العلوم الكونية الحديثة
Authors: Sempo Muhammad Widus , Hashim Mahyuddin , Mukhtar Haniah , Ibrahim Mohamed Akhiruddin
Published: February 2021

كثرت مساعى الناس وتباينت ألوانها لاستعادة مجد الحضارة الإسلامية التى كانت تتربع على العرش الحضارى فى منتصف القرن الثامن لغاية القرن الرابع عشر والخامس عشر الميلادى، غير أنه يقف للحيلولة دون ذلك تحد كبير ليس من السهولة بمكان تعدّيه، وهو عزل العلوم الكونية الحديثة عن العلوم الدينية فى التعليم على جميع المستوى. وتزامنًا مع هذا التحدى، فإن الكل يؤمن بإيمان راسخ بأنه لا سبيل إلى استرجاع هيمنة الحضارة الإسلامية على نظيرتها الغربية إلا بإحياء من جديد روح التعاليم الإسلامية التى أدمجت العلوم الكونيه الحديثة مع العلوم الإسلامية. ومن هنا، سعى الباحثون فى ورقتهم هذه إلى تتبع كتابات علمائنا الذين رأوا لزوم النهج الربانى فى تعليم العلوم الكونية الحديثة، وهم أنفسهم قد نهجوا النهج الربانى فى دعواهم أمثال الإمام الغزالى وبديع الزمان سعيد النورسى. وذلك بالنهج الاستقرائى، مع الرجوع إلى القرآن والسنة كمرجع أصيل فى هذا إذا كانت ثمة حاجة تقتضى ذلك.
Ijazah Periwayatan Sanad Kitab Turath Hadith: Analisis Al-Mawahib Al-Ilahiyyah Fi Al-Asanid Al-'Aliyyah Karya Muhammad Salih Bin Uthman Jalal al-Din Al-Malayuwi Al-Makki (1928-2012m)
Authors: Mohamed Ramli Farhah Zaidar
Published: February 2021

Al-Ijazah or permission (authorization, license) is a mechanism that transcends the continuity of the transmission of the scripture of the turath of the hadith in order to persist between generation and generation until the present age (suggestion: Al-Ijazah means “permission, license, or authorization” which originally served as written records of the direct audition of a text on the part of the recipient from the transmitting authority. In the field of hadith studies, the formal transmission of a report from one authority to the next in the chain of transmission (isnad), authorized by ijazah). In Malaysia, the preservation of the sanad is practised by Islamic scholars throughout every century including Muhammad Salih bin Uthman Jalal al-Din al-Malayuwi al-Makki. This paper aims to analyze the chain of transmission of turath hadiths carried by Muhammad Salih to the Malaysian scholars through his al-thabat work entitled Kitab al-Mawahib al-Ilahiyyah fi al-Asanid al-'Aliyyah. The research data were collected through content analysis and have been analyzed descriptively. The finding shows that Muhammad Salih possesses the permissions of 47 teachers which he qualified to be labeled as a Malaysian Musnid.  This include the ijaza of al-Muwatta', al-kutub al-sittah, al-Awa’il al-Sunbuliyyah and the hadith of al-rahmah al-musalsal al-awwaliyyah. The leading teacher of this scholar is Syeikh Hassan Masysyat. There are four intellectual reflections on the application of the ijaza namely the preservation of the chain of transmission, the protection of the narrators, the example of the tradition of scholars and the importance of acquiring the sanad.
Analisis Kewujudan al-Mutaba‘at dalam Periwayatan Hadith secara al-Tafarrud
Authors: Yaakob Mohd Aizul , Shamsudin Roshimah
Published: February 2021

Hadith narrated by way of al-tafarrud means a hadith which is narrated solely by one narrator, devoid of any other hadiths to substantiate the ealier hadith, thus indicating that there does not exist a hadith narrated carrying similar meaning. In other words, hadith of al-tafarrud narration has no corroborative hadith in the form of al-mutaba‘at which means common narration by one narrator to the other. However there are a number of hadiths of this kind deemed by some hadith scholars as al-tafarrud while there are other scholars who opine to the contrary by which they believe that there exist al-mutaba‘at in the particular hadith in question. As such, this article aims to analyze the factors that lead to this phenomenon. This study is wholly qualitative involving data collection through library research. The data are analyzed based on inductive methods. The findings of this study show that there are three factors that contribute to this phenomenon. One of which is the status of the narrator when he attempts to narrate al-mutaba‘ah hadith whereby his status stands at weak mark that renders his narrated hadith incapable of authority.
Penelitian Terhadap Kriteria dan Tekstual Ijazah Sanad Al-Quran
Authors: Alias Norazman , Mohamad Khairul Anuar
Published: February 2021

The method of ijazah (permission) sanad (authority) of al-Quran in Malaysia is still relatively unfamiliar and unknown to most people in Malaysia. Perhaps this practice is exclusive to the Quranic teachers, huffaz (who have memorized) of the Quran, and students of higher education. Furthermore, among the Quranic sanad holders are those who have obtained it through the Qur'anic talaqqi (acquisition) program coordinated by organizational authorities within and outside of the country such as Sultan Ismail Petra International Islamic College of Kelantan, Al Mufid Studies Center of Terengganu, Al-Azhar Maahad Qiraat of Egypt, International Islamic University of Madinah and many more. In fact, the current trend shows that many people and scholars in the field of Quranic studies especially from Arab countries have been invited to conduct home-based Quranic talaqqi programs. This is especially the case for programs organized by Ainhafeez Enterprise and Khozandaroh Studies Center of Selangor. These programs contribute more to the understanding of public towards the substantiality of the Quranic ijazah sanad that has been traditionally practiced since the time of revelation. In light of this phenomenon, there are some important issues such as the understanding of the component and the textual content of Quranic sanad among the sanad holders that need to be addressed and refined by the organizers. This process of ijazah sanad is of importance since the textual content is utterly different from other discipline of Islamic sciences like hadith or ijazah of classical turath (heritage) books. Therefore, this study discusses the concept of ijazah sanad of al-Quran as well as the textual content of Quranic sanad. This qualitative study employs library-based and deductive method in analyzing textual content of Quranic sanad in order to fulfill the fundamental characterization of Quranic sanad sciences. The preliminary findings show the diversities of textual content of Quranic sanad all over the world are unbridged from important items of Quranic sanad written text such as title, awarding body and recipient, official stamp and signature including other information. Accordingly, the understanding of textual content of Quranic sanad is essential for its preservation apart from refinement of sharia’s demand and contemporary culture. Having a proper understanding of the Quranic sanad, the transmission of this tradition from one generation to another can be confined within trustees and not be awarded to the outsiders.
مخالفات الرازي لأبي مسلم الأصفهاني في تفسيره الكبير– الجزء الأول من سورة البقرة نموذجاً - عرض ودراسة نقدية.
Authors: El- Kubesi Ahmed Abdol Kareem , Mustafa Shehade Mona Mustafa Shehade
Published: February 2021

This research is aimed at exploring interpretation differences in Surah al-Baqarah between Abu Muslim al-Asfahani (d. 322AH/933CE) and Fakhr al-Din al-Razi’s (d. 606/1210) al-Tafsir al-Kabir. Through critical study to uncover the character of these differences, comparing their interpretations with other exegetes as well as correlating their thought with the Quranic exegesis and its sciences, this study demonstrates that a possible tarjih (choosing between existing opinions) can be inferred on this matter. This approach facilitates to address the character of these differences at establishing their arguments that were supported with valid evidences. Hence, the study employs inductive analytical evidence-based approach that traces the controversial issues between Abu Muslim al-Asfahani and al-Razi in the first juz’ (part) of Surat al-Baqarah until verse 115 in al-Tafsir al-Kabir. To summarize the article, al-Razi's opposition to the opinions of Abu Muslim essentially followed the principles of Quranic exegesis and its sciences in addition to the advocacy of majority of Muslim scholars.
شبهات المستشرقين في طعن التفسير بالمأثور والرد عليها: جولد زيهر أُنموذجاً
Authors: Moh’d Abdullah Shalash Adnan
Published: February 2021

This study seeks to examine the ambiguity of orientalist, specifically the Jewish-Hungarian Ignaz Goldziher’s Schools of Koranic Commentators challenging the tafsir bi-al-ma’thur (tradition-based commentary). Through descriptive analytical approach, this study presents the ambiguity of Goldziher and offers critics on the arguments demonstrated by him. The discourse of orientalism focuses on the selection of certain books which are mostly ulum al-Quran (sciences of the Quran) university books which required further scrutiny in term of validity and critique. As a result, orientalism is a study on Islam and Muslims concentrated to their literatures, cultures, and traditions in academic sense by researchers specializing in all related fields. This notion about the Islamic Orient has had an abstraction based upon Western perspective and more precisely, Quranic exegesis needs to be more studied as more than just an ambiguity but out of a meditation on the Quranic or Islamic sciences themselves into a Muslim system of belief.
The Paradoxical Use of the Term Sulh: An Analytical Study from Quranic Perspective
Authors: Hoque Muhammad Rafiqul , Mohd Zarif Muhammad Mustaqim
Published: February 2021

Dispute resolution systems are broadly divided into two sides namely Judicial Dispute Resolution (JDRS) and Non-Judicial Dispute Resolution Systems (NJDRS). The first one is more formal, and the latter is informal which is known as Alternative Dispute Resolution (ADR) all over the world. Though ADR is claimed to be a great innovation of the West, it is found to be practiced in the Islamic Judicial System from its very inception. ADR was practiced throughout the history of Islamic Judiciary as sulh. However, the use of the word sulh in the meaning of ADR needs to be explained in the present judicial context. Scholars sometimes discussed sulh as a system parallel to ADR and sometimes as a process, which creates confusion in its multiuse. Hence, this study aims at eliminating this confusion on the paradoxical use of the term sulh as a system for dispute resolution as well as a process of that system. At present, hardly any study has precisely differentiated between them. Thus, this qualitative study focuses on discussing it primarily from the perspectives of the Quran, documented sources as well as interviews. The major finding of this study is that sulh, comparing with present day ADR, does not need to be used paradoxically. The main contribution of the study is to propose a clarification of sulh in the line of ADR fruitfully. The findings of this study are not only useful in clarifying the exact meanings of the term as used in different contexts but also applicable to solve problems faced by arbitrators involved in various indigenous traditional dispute resolution systems such as shalish in Bangladesh and elsewhere.
الوحي بين مقاصده ومطالبه من خلال نظرية المنهاج النبوي للإمام عبد السلام ياسين
Authors: Rafia Mohamad
Published: February 2021

The present study is about an analysis of the purposes and requirements of revelation deriving out of al-Minhaj al-Nabawi (the Prophetic Paradigm) project of Imam Abdessalam Yassine. This study seeks to highlight the formulation of Yassine on the subject of the maqasid (purposes) and matalib (requirements) of revelation. After introducing Yassine and the Prophetic Paradigm project in general, this study presents Yassine’s notion on the purposes of revelation that seeking to fulfill the universality, his general review of maqasid principal allusion and the requirement of revelation. This study collects documents related to Yassine thought based on the document study method, then analyses it through textual analysis method by explaining its issues, comparing with other scholars’ views, and then synthesizing them according to the concept of this study. As a result, this study discovers that Yassine reclaimed and emphasized the universality of the Quran such as justice and ihsan (spontaneous virtue) in his formulation of the Prophetic Paradigm. He also demonstrates the importance of revelational understanding in historical context as well as the consideration of serving the public interest of ummah (the Muslim community). These concepts will enable the fortification of religion and the unity of nation.
التطرف الديني السياسي أنواعه في ضوء القرآن الكريم: طلبة جامعات مدينة غزة نموذجاً
Authors: Abumarzouq Mona Jamal , Abdullah Mustaffa , Abu -Alhaj Thabet Ahmed
Published: February 2021

The Holy Quran is a fundamental source for Muslims which included complete and healing guidelines in all matters of life. Due to effected by deviant and destructive doctrines of political religious extremism, some people depart from the principles of the Qur’an culminated in a departure from obedience to God and the provisions of Islamic law. Hence, it is a necessary to reveal the perception of the phenomenon of political religious extremism in the light of Quran, and how the Quran presented this phenomenon in all its forms, especially in the current circumstances that have reached its gravity. From this point of view, this paper delves into a deep research for the purpose of encapsulating decisive knowledge along with alarming deviate teaching of religion. The research is aimed at identifying Quranic depiction on political religious extremism and counter argument for misunderstanding of Islamic teachings and provisions. Through inductive and descriptive analytical approach, fieldwork with lecturers and students of universities in Gaza City, this study demonstrates a real manifestation of political religious extremism phenomenon resurrecting an extension of awareness among lecturers and students at the university level in Gaza City. One of the most important findings of this research is religious extremism develops under political, social or economic circumstances and the situation in Gaza has led to an increase of prevalence in religious extremism. This study also identifies a discrepancy among the age groups between the first and second level whose inclination are less towards political religious extremism. It connects with possible causes behind political religious extremism and departure from obedience to God and the provisions of Islamic law that is social media. Additionally, the deficiency of scholars and preachers using social media, systematic and scientific approaches delay the prevention process of counter-extremism or cutting the root of its causes.
مناسبة فاصلة أسماء الله الحسنى في سورة التوبة دراسة قرآنية
Authors: Mhanna Osama Bilal , Abdullah Samarh Samer Najeh
Published: February 2021

This paper discusses the munasaba (coherence) fasila (separator) of the related beautiful names of Allah in surah al-tawba which are mentioned in eighteen times. This study attempts at clarifying in particular the relation between the separator of beautiful names of Allah and the verses of surah al-tawba in its immediate context. On a broader level, the study aims to open the way to the relation between textual meanings and verse structures used to indicate them, and the separator that are determined by those relations. We will answer this subject through inductive method by collecting all separators of beautiful names of Allah in surah al-tawba and sort them in descending order. Next, application of the analytical and descriptive method aims at depicting the coherence and the relation between the separators and the selected verses. This study concludes that the occurrence of many separators of the beautiful names of Allah signified its importance and instructional purposes. Plus, all the separators are mentioned in jumla ismiyya (nominal sentence) showing their certitude in clearer and stronger way.
تداعيات التغريب على الدناءة القرآن والتفكيك في خطاب محمد أركون الفكري
Authors: Kiflen Mir Rahmatih
Published: February 2021

Westernisation has been proven to have an influence on Islamic thought, starting from this problem, thus, this research is conducted with the aim of fostering a critical attitude towards new things that scientific experts across religions and civilisations are trying to offer with full awareness and vigilance. The result of this research is that there is a westernised invasion of the thoughts of Muslim scholars, as in Mohammed Arkoun's discourse regarding the desacrality and deconstruction of the Quran, where his thoughts have challenged various principles and foundations of the Quran and alienated Muslims from Islamic values, which have later been replaced by various approaches from the West. Arkoun's thinking certainly cannot be justified, because Allah has clearly stated many times that the Quran is the word of Allah that has been sent down to the Prophet Muhammad SAW in lafadz and meaning, where nothing can match or change it. This is proven and can be seen in terms of the miracles of the Quran through the various aspects which further show the truth that the Quran is not the result of a human being. In fact, if you pay attention to the Quran, it is conveyed through a strict guarding tradition that is repeated continuously today, both verbally by Quran memorisers and in writing. Hence, this is also evidence of the majesty and holiness of the Quran, which is continuously maintained, as Allah's promise is embodied in His word,” that We are the ones who sent down the Quran and We will also protect it”. Accordingly, the research method that is used is the theory of data analysis through qualitative methods, where the required data have come from a research library, namely through collecting various sources of references or references through literature review, in the form of books, journals, articles and other scientific works.
CRIMINAL LAW FOLLOWING THE AMENDMENTS
Authors: Тляумбетов Рамиль
Published: February 2021

The paper presents the amendments to criminal law from the moment of their adoption and coming into force. The author points out unsatisfactory features of some criminal law regulations, he also examines connected with them administrative and legal norms, and concludes that in criminal law it is necessary to make only such amendments that will promote its systemacity and integrity.
EVOLUTION OF THE LEGAL POSITION OF THE CONSTITUTIONAL COURT OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION ON THE ISSUE OF THE INDEPENDENCE OF THE COURT IN CRIMINAL PROCEEDINGS
Authors: Ежова Елена
Published: February 2021

The paper presents the issue of the court’s independence in Russia’s modern criminal procedure. The evolution of the positions of the Russian Constitutional Court on this problem is shown. The author comes to the conclusion that the courts in criminal proceedings are not as independent as they should be. It is necessary to give them ample powers, but it won’t be possible to maintain the principle of adversarial proceedings as it is reflected in the law of criminal procedure.
PROBLEMS OF LEGAL REGULATION OF CRIME DETECTION CONNECTED WITH THE ILLEGAL BANKING ACTIVITY
Authors: Степушов Михаил
Published: February 2021

Crimes committed in the financial and credit sphere is a serious threat to economic security. Illegal banking activity is one of them. Operational-search activities are the basis of the activities of crime detection. The economic security units work in close cooperation with law enforcement personnel, including investigators. Crimes of this category are committed by professionally trained people. Criminal schemes are constantly being updated. The technical factor is becoming increasingly important. Therefore, the detection of such crimes is very difficult and requires a well-coordinated work of law enforcement agencies. The organization of such process is one of the main problems of the effective crime prevention.
ON THE DECLARATION OF THE RIGHTS OF MAN AND CITIZEN (1789): A CRITICAL ESSAY OF "IMPLEMENTED" YUSNATURALISM
Authors: Тимонин Анатолий
Published: February 2021

The purpose of the paper is a critical «reading» of the Declaration of the Rights of Man and Citizen of 1789, a revision of the French revolutionary experience of the Yusnaturalism «implementation». It became clear that the content of the revolutionary text and the experience of «implementing» its most important provisions fully correspond to the declarative nature of this document. Contrary to the original idea of the creators of the Declaration, the idea of universal domination of the universal legal way of life turned out to be completely illusory even in their own country, we don’t mention the rest of the world.
TO THE ISSUE OF LABOR LAW ENFORCEMENT TO COOPERATION INVOLVING THE STATE CIVIL SERVICE
Authors: Сергеев Артём
Published: February 2021

The the paper considers the current status of the legislation: labor and state civil service. Despite the similarity in individual characteristics, the author proves the necessity to distinguish between an employment contract and a service contract and he also indicates their most significant features. There are gaps in the legislation regulating the state civil service. The ways to solve this problem are proposed.
Pensando saúde e segurança alimentar durante a pandemia da Covid-19
Authors: De Barros Giuliano Pereira , Santos Daniel Ivonésio , Costa Carolina Silveira , Demikoski Marcos Alan
Published: February 2021

A crise mundial gerada pela COVID-19 nos fez refletir e colocou uma lupa sobre os problemas estruturais do capitalismo. O estilo de vida moderno nos desconectou da natureza e isso prejudica a percepção das consequências ambientais da agricultura industrial que o sustenta, como a emergência de novos vírus. Todavia, os eventos atuais são extremos e podem ter força suficiente para gerar mudanças estruturais na sociedade. Essa crise possui contornos inéditos: não é apenas uma crise sanitária ou econômica, é uma crise civilizatória. O modo como nos relacionamos com a natureza está colapsando e não podemos retomá-lo. Assim, este ensaio foi construído visando oferecer um apoio teórico-científico a discussões sobre saúde, direito à alimentação e segurança alimentar, que serão necessárias no mundo pós-pandemia. O artigo problematiza algumas das consequências da adoção global do sistema agroalimentar industrial sobre nossa saúde e segurança alimentar durante a pandemia e finaliza destacando a agroecologia como caminho futuro.
Estrategia de desarrollo rural, una valoración desde las perspectivas endógenas en el caso de la producción de sombreros de paja toquilla, Sigsig-Azuay
Authors: Uyaguari Quezada Juan José , Flores Aguilera Dorian Damián , Castillo Ortega Yonimiler
Published: February 2021

Introducción. El desarrollo local hace referencia a la generación de espacios de coordinación y organización entre los actores de un territorio procurando el despliegue y desempeño de factores determinantes mediante un funcionamiento adecuado cuyo objetivo es alcanzar el bienestar de sus habitantes. Objetivo. Frente a ello, esta investigación procura aportar con el diseño de una estrategia de desarrollo que estimule la fabricación de sombreros considerando aspectos político-institucionales, de fomento productivo y de capacitación. Metodología. La investigación se fundamenta en la recopilación de información primaria. Por un lado, entrevistas a profundidad a los actores influyentes en el sector artesanal y por otro lado la realización de encuestas a los productores de sombreros de paja toquilla. Para la aplicación de la encuesta se ha ejecutado un muestreo aleatorio simple. Resultado. El tejido de sombreros de paja toquilla es muy relevante para la economía local, especialmente las mujeres de las zonas rurales de la cabecera cantonal y de las parroquias de Cuchil, Guel, San Bartolomé y Ludo. Esta actividad representa el ingreso más importante para cada una de ellas. En este sentido la estrategia propone generar oportunidades de mercado, diversificar y ampliar los canales de venta, mejorar los modelos y mejorar la calidad del sombrero. Conclusión. La fabricación de sombreros involucra diversas actividades, actores y factores, que plantean retos importantes a la hora de insertarse como sector en el desarrollo económico local del cantón, que van desde la búsqueda de un equilibrio entre los costos de elaboración versus el precio de venta, la demanda del producto en el mercado, su comercialización y de fortalecimiento institucional para su promoción. Sin embargo, se puede ver que hay avances en las asociaciones que han diversificado los productos, lo cual viene de la mano con procesos de capacitación y de fomento institucional para su sostenibilidad.
El uso de Duolingo como herramienta de apoyo en el aprendizaje del Idioma Inglés
Authors: Obregón Mayorga Ángel Paul , Logroño Becerra Mónica Alejandra , Rojas Castro Carmita Eulalia
Published: February 2021

El rol de la tecnología en el proceso enseñanza -aprendizaje, cada vez toma más fuerza en un entorno en el cual el dominio del conocimiento constituye la base fundamental para su desarrollo. En base a este principio, se han podido evidenciar un sinnúmero de aportes tecnológicos en muchas áreas del campo educativo, incluyendo el aprendizaje de una lengua extranjera. En lo que a la enseñanza-aprendizaje del idioma inglés concierne, es posible notar la amplia gama de herramientas tecnológicas con las cuales tanto docentes como estudiantes pueden contar para cumplir con sus objetivos y logros de aprendizaje de manera autónoma, didáctica y eficaz en una atmósfera atractiva y desafiante para los estudiantes, como por ejemplo la aplicación Duolingo.  Este artículo explora los beneficios de usar esta aplicación en la clase como una herramienta de apoyo en el aprendizaje del idioma inglés como segunda lengua, en un curso de estudiantes con un nivel básico (A1), en una universidad pública de Ecuador.  Además, detalla aspectos relevantes en el uso de Duolingo en la clase, y sus beneficios para el desarrollo de las diferentes destrezas comunicativas que el aprendizaje de una lengua extranjera requiere. Estudios anteriores señalan que Duolingo es un recurso didáctico de alto potencial ya que esta aplicación móvil se basa en la gamificación que es una técnica de aprendizaje cada vez más puesta en práctica, que permite a los estudiantes aprender a través de juegos los cuales se convierten en retos que desafían las destrezas de los estudiantes fortaleciendo su motivación y autonomía, lo cual fue posible evidenciar en los resultados del post test. Estos resultados además reflejan que existe un significativo grado de aceptación y actitud positiva de los estudiantes al competir y esforzarse por lograr sus objetivos completando los diferentes tipos de tareas enfocadas en las diferentes destrezas, cuyo grado de complejidad se incrementa gradualmente a medida que se superan los retos en los diferentes niveles. Este artículo también explica cómo el profesor asigna las tareas y cómo puede hacer un seguimiento a ellas.
Investigating the risk and resilience of flash flood in Sunamgonj haor region of Bangladesh
Authors: Islam MR , Babu MAH , Uddin MJ , Khatun ML , Islam MS
Published: February 2021

Bangladesh faces various types of natural hazards from its birth due to geographical location and physiographic conditions. Flood is the most common event among them. Northeastern part of Bangladesh faces flash flood almost every year with large scale of damage. Tanguar haor, (a famous Ramsar site of Bangladesh) located in Tahirpur upazila of Sunamgonj district. This wetland adjacent area is the most vulnerable zone in terms of flash flood hazard. About more than 80%, people are the direct victim of this hazard. The aim of this study was to assess the risk and resilience status of flash flood at community level. A risk and resilience assessment matrix leads to fulfill the assessment where only primary data were used. A comparative study between those statuses is computed based on Pearson correlation of co-efficient analysis that presents the difference of risk and resilience of the study area that helps to realize the emergence of flash flood risk reduction. The findings of this study will be a pathway for the policy makers, local administrators for the development of sustainable community level risk management, policy-making and its implementations.

Int. J. Agril. Res. Innov. Tech. 10(2): 47-53, December 2020
Effect of different amounts of feeds on growth and production of fishes in pond polyculture
Authors: Sultana S , Rahman MS , Jackshay KA , Hasan K
Published: February 2021

An experiment was carried out to evaluate the effects of different amounts of supplementary feeds on growth and production of fishes in polyculture where four different species such as rui (Labeo rohita), mrigal (Cirrhinus mrigala), common carp (Cyprinus carpio) and tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) were cultured in 6 ponds under three treatments, each with two replications. Eighty fish per decimal were stocked along with the stocking ratio of 1:1:1:1 in all the treatments. Supplementary feeds of rice bran and wheat bran (1:1), at the amount of 5% of body weight were applied in 2 ponds (treatment I) as well as at the amount of 3% of body weight were used in 2 ponds (treatment II) and 2 ponds (treatment III) were as control where no supplementary feed was used. Urea and T.S.P were applied fortnightly at the rate of 60 g decimal-1 and 90 g decimal-1, respectively under all treatments. Physico-chemical and biological factors such as air and water temperature, transparency, rainfall, pH, dissolved oxygen, free CO2, total alkalinity, PO4-P and NO3-N, phytoplankton and zooplankton were studied fortnightly and the limnological conditions were more or less similar in the experimental ponds under three treatments. The calculated gross and net fish productions of fishes under treatment I, treatment II and treatment III were 8.87 and 7.33 ton ha-1 yr-1, 7.12 and 5.58 ton ha-1 yr-1 and 4.69 and 3.16 ton ha-1 yr-1, respectively. Percent increased of net fish productions of treatment I and treatment II were 231.97% and 176.59% higher than that of treatment III (control). The present study reveals that supplementary feeding in fish culture should be done along with fertilization because supplementary feeds are very important to enhance growth of fishes significantly.

Int. J. Agril. Res. Innov. Tech. 10(2): 128-136, December 2020
Some questions about the child`s experience of loss crisis (death of the parents – the mother) of primary school age
Authors: Litvinenko Irina , Makusheva Svitlana
Published: February 2021

The article is related to the theoretical analysis of a child of primary school age who is experiencing a crisis of loss, namely the death of a loved one (one of the parents - the mother). The concepts of «grief», «loss crisis», «psychotrauma» and «post-traumatic stress disorder» were also analyzed. We also touched upon the issue of the type of
loss crisis during the analysis. Primary school children have a specific emotional sphere for their development - we have considered this issue in more detail in a scientific article. The main reactions of the child to the loss of a loved one are also described. The death of a loved one has a certain individual imprint on the life of any person or child. Therefore, the impact of the death of a loved one on the present and future of the child was considered. Too often, relatives or guardians living with a child misbehave with a younger student, which also affects the child’s emotional state and has a significant
impact on his or her personal development. In our work, this problem was also considered as the main cause of the development of a child of primary school age not only depression but also post-traumatic stress disorder, which is a serious intervention for the already vulnerable psyche of the child. Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in children of primary school age who survived the death of one of the parents – the mother – is considered.
The article emphasizes that the emotional sphere in children and adolescents is particularly reactive, so mental trauma (loss crisis) affects them more than adults. However, it is necessary to take into account the smaller depth of feelings, the rapid change of mood in children, due to which psychogenic reactions in them are shorter.
We also considered in the article the reasons for the development of post-traumatic stress disorder in children of primary school age. The scientific article considered post-traumatic stress disorder at the emotional, cognitive and behavioral levels in a child of primary school age who has lost a loved one. The article examines children of primary
school age with post-traumatic stress disorder who have lost a loved one – the mother, the presence of a negative emotional state (malaise, low activity and poor depressed mood) and the results were confirmed by statistical processing.
SISTEM PAKAR DIAGNOSA KERUSAKAN PADA ALAT BERAT MENGGUNAKAN METODE FORWARD CHAINING
Authors: Christy Tika , Syafrinal Ilwan
Published: February 2021

Abstrack:  The ability of computers to remember and store information properly can be utilized without having to depend on deficiencies that humans have, such as hunger, thirst and emotions that can be felt at any time as humans. Except for electrical energy, all human weaknesses in remembering something can be done by a computer without obstacles. This forward tracking is a data-driven approach. In this approach tracking starts with input information, and then tries to draw conclusions. The basic concept of an expert system where the user submits information or facts to the expert system then the user receives a solution or answer from the expert system. Expert System Application to Detect Heavy Equipment Damage at PT.Tamako Raya Perdana was made so that it can help Heavy Equipment Operators (Excavators) or Companies, and may be able to help Mechanics if they forget the mechanism of action on Heavy Equipment (Excavators). So they no longer need to bother to get the information they need in handling problems in the Excavator. Keyword: expert system, forward chaining, heavy equipment Abstrak: Kemampuan Komputer untuk mengingat dan menyimpan informasi dengan baik dapat dimanfaatkan tanpa harus bergantung kepada kekurangan-kekurangan yang dimiliki manusia, seperti lapar, haus dan emosi yang sewaktu-waktu bisa dirasakan seperti pada manusia. Kecuali karena energy listrik, semua kelemahan manusia dalam mengingat sesuatu bisa dilakukan oleh komputer tanpa kendala. Pelacakan kedepan atau runut maju ini adalah pendekatan yang dimotori data (data-driven). Dalam pendekatan ini pelacakan dimulai dari informasi masukan, dan selanjutnya mencoba menggambarkan kesimpulan. Konsep dasar sistem pakar dimana pengguna menyampaikan informasi atau fakta untuk sistem pakar kemudian pengguna menerima solusi atau jawaban dari sistem pakar. Aplikasi Sistem Pakar Untuk Mendeteksi Kerusakan Alat Berat  Pada PT.Tamako Raya Perdana ini dibuat agar dapat membantu para Operator Alat Berat (Excavator) atau Perusahaan, dan mungkin dapat membantu Mekanik bila lupa akan mekanisme kerja pada Alat Berat (Excavator). Sehingga mereka tidak perlu lagi bersusah payah untuk mendapatkan informasi yang mereka butuhkan dalam menangani masalah-masalah pada Excavator tersebut. Kata kunci : sistem pakar, runut maju, alat berat
SISTEM INFORMASI REKAP BUKU ONLINE MENGGUNAKAN METODE WATERFALL
Authors: Suryadi Andri
Published: February 2021

Abstract: The development of Information Technology in the field of education, a survey on the Use and Utilization of Information and Communication Technology was carried out on 4,014 schools in 34 provinces. Based on the level of education, elementary and equivalent as much as 64.55 percent, junior high school and equivalent as much as 19.22 percent and high school and equivalent as much as 16.23 percent. While the use of applications in the field of education is still felt to be lacking especially in rural schools so that there is a gap between urban schools and rural schools. This condition occurs in SMP PGRI Malangbong where the use of applications is still lacking. One example is in the recording of books in schools that are still manual which complicates operations in the school. The solution offered is to create an online book recapitulation system which is expected to be very useful for school operations. The online book recapitulation system was built using the waterfall method starting from the analysis, design, implementation, testing to maintenance stages. Keywords: Book Information system; Books; Schools            Abstrak: Perkembangan Teknologi Informasi di bidang pendidikan, survei Penggunaan dan Pemanfaatan Teknologi Informasi dan Komunikasi dilakukan terhadap 4.014 sekolah yang tersebar di 34 provinsi. Berdasarkan jenjang pendidikan, SD dan sederajat sebanyak 64,55 persen, SMP dan sederajat sebanyak 19,22 persen dan SMA dan sederajat sebanyak 16,23 persen. Sedangkan penggunaan aplikasi dibidang pendidikan masih dirasa kurang terutama di sekolah-sekolah pedesaan sehingga terjadinya kesenjangan antara sekolah diperkotaan dan sekolah pedesaan. Kondisi tersebut terjadi pada SMP PGRI Malangbong dimana penggunaan aplikasi masih sangat kurang. Salah satu contohnya adalah dalam perekapan buku di sekolah yang masih bersifat manual yang menyulitkan operasional di sekolah tersebut. Solusi yang ditawarkan adalah dengan membuat sistem rekap buku online yang diharapkan sangat berguna bagi operasional sekolah. Sistem rekap buku online ini dibangun menggunakan metode waterfall mulai dari tahap analisis, desain, implementasi, pengujian sampai dengan pemeliharaan. Kata Kunci : Buku Sekolah; Sistem Informasi Rekap Buku
IMPLEMENTASI MODEL RAPID APPLICATION DEVELOPMENT PADA SISTEM INFORMASI PERSEDIAAN BARANG DENGAN METODE FIFO
Authors: Siregar Iqbal Kamil
Published: February 2021

Abstract: Supervision of inventory is very urgent to be done by entrepreneurs who aim to support corporate decision making so that the ideal inventory is obtained. By applying the FIFO (First In First Out) method of stock inventory that comes first, it will be sold or utilized first by the company itself. This means that the goods (same form, type, and name) are first purchased, the item will be sold first. This aims to avoid the expired of these items. The target of the results of this study will be to review the extent of existing procedures and can present information as well as to produce an up-to-date information system to achieve work efficiency. With the application of the RAD (Rapid Application Development) model to the computerized inventory system and also which is equipped with the 2010 visual basic programming language and crystal report reports can help in quick decision making. Implementation with the RAD system to realize inventory information systems has been able to produce products with qualified results. The designed application has been able to complete transaction requirements and manage inventory information with the FIFO method. Keywords: FIFO (first out); Inventory; RAD (application Development)         Abstrak: Pengawasan terhadap persediaan barang sangat mendesak untuk dilakukan oleh pengusaha yang bertujuan untuk mendukung pengambilan keputusan perusahaan sehingga didapatkan persediaan yang ideal. Dengan menerapkan metode FIFO (First In First Out) stok persediaan yang datang pertama kali maka akan dijualkan atau dimanfaatkan terlebih dahulu oleh perusahaan itu sendiri. Artinya bahwa barang (bentuk, tipe dan nama yang sama) yang pertama dibeli maka barang tersebut akan pertama dijualkan. Hal ini bertujuan untuk menghindari expired dari barang-barang tersebut. Sasaran dari hasil penelitian ini nantinya untuk meninjau sejauh mana prosedur-prosedur yang ada dan dapat menyajikan informasi sekaligus untuk menghasilkan suatu sistem informasi yang mutakhir sehingga tercapainya efisiensi kerja. Dengan penerapan model RAD (Rapid Application Development) pada sistem persedian barang yang terkomputerisasi dan juga yang dilengkapi dengan bahasa pemrograman visual basic 2010 dan laporan crystal report dapat membantu dalam pengambilan keputusan yang cepat. Implementasi dengan sistem RAD untuk mewujudkan sistem informasi persediaan barang telah mampu menghasilkan produk dengan hasil yang mumpuni. Aplikasi yang dirancang telah dapat melengkapi keperluan transaksi dan mengelola informasi persediaan barang dengan metode FIFO..Kata kunci:  FIFO (First In First Out); Persediaan Barang; RAD (Rapid Application Development)
SISTEM PENDUKUNG KEPUTUSAN DALAM MENENTUKAN BUAH PISANG YANG PALING DIMINATI
Authors: Irianto Irianto , Sudarmin Sudarmin
Published: February 2021

Abstract: as an agrarian country Indonesia has a variety of plants that can produce many different kinds of fruit from farmers, especially on average in each region has farmers who have crops that are suitable and in accordance with the conditions of their respective regions. Banana is one of the most consumed fruits by the people. The banana plant farmers basically have a way to determine their own characteristics or character to determine the good or good fruit and suitable for consumption. Many farmers or fruit enthusiasts often find it difficult to determine the best fruit on bananas, with an alternative available decision support system with the FMCDM method to choose the best fruit from bananas. Fuzzy Multi Criteria Decision Making (FMCDM) is a decision making method that aims to determine the best alternative decisions from a number of alternatives based on certain criteria that will be taken into consideration. From the results of calculations using the above software, the results obtained are alternative (A3) obtaining the largest total integral value compared to other alternatives. Keywords: Banana; decision support system; fuzzy multi criteria decision making Abstrak: sebagai negara agraris Indonesia mempunyai ragam tanaman yang dapat menghasilkan banyak bermacam buah hasil petani, terlebih rata rata di setiap daerah mempunyai petani yang mempunyai tanaman yang cocok dan sesuai dengan kondisi daerah masing masing. Pisang merupakan salah buah yang paling banyak di konsumsi oleh masyarakat. Adapun petani tanaman buah pisang pada dasarnya mempunyai cara untuk menentukan ciri-ciri tersendiri atau karakter untuk menentukan buah bagus atau baik dan layak untuk dikonsumsi. Banyak kadang petani atau peminat buah  susah menentukan buah yang terbaik pada buah pisang, dengan adanya alternatif yang ada  sistem pendukung keputusan dengan metode FMCDM untuk memilih buah terbaik dari buah pisang. Fuzzy Multi Criteria Decision Making (FMCDM) adalah suatu metode pengambilan keputusan yang bertujuan untuk menetapkan alternatif keputusan terbaik dari sejumlah alternatif berdasarkan beberapa kriteria tertentu yang akan menjadi bahan pertimbangan. Dari hasil perhitungan menggunakan software di atas, diperoleh hasil yaitu alternatif (A3) memperoleh nilai total integral terbesar dibandingkan denganalternatif-alternatif yang lain. Kata Kunci : Buah Pisang; Fuzzy Multi Criteria Decision Making; sistem penunjang keputusan