bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
As práticas integrativas e complementares no campo da saúde: para uma descolonização dos saberes e práticas
Authors: Guimarães Maria Beatriz , Nunes João Arriscado , Velloso Marta , Bezerra Adriana , Sousa Islândia Maria de
Published: April 2020

Resumo O manuscrito, em forma de ensaio, objetiva contribuir para o diálogo entre as abordagens das Epistemologias do Sul e o campo da saúde, com ênfase nas relações entre a biomedicina e os saberes e práticas tradicionais, complementares e integrativos. Essas relações são exploradas a partir da produção do conhecimento sobre as dimensões do saber, do poder e do ser na perspectiva da descolonização. Estudo de natureza teórico-conceitual. A descolonização do saber procura descolonizar a ciência e apropriar-se dela de forma contra-hegemônica, valorizar a interculturalidade, abrindo espaços para a inclusão dos diferentes tipos de saberes e práticas de cuidado. A descolonização do poder supõe a igualdade frente ao livre acesso e exercício dos diferentes tipos de recursos terapêuticos, deixando de tratá-los de forma marginal. A descolonização do ser incorpora práticas terapêuticas no campo da subjetividade, como a religiosidade/espiritualidade e as artes, sendo necessárias para a completude da pessoa. Dos encontros e articulações dessas dimensões emergem ecologias de saberes, abrindo o caminho à descolonização na saúde. O campo da saúde pública tem um papel central a desempenhar nesse processo, mas falta ampliar a sua concepção de saúde, incorporando a sua diversidade e pluralidade de saberes e práticas sociais.
Influence of different sources of contamination on the microbiological quality of lettuce in the Teresópolis region, RJ, Brazil
Authors: Nunes-Carvalho Monica Conceição , Jayme Marcelly Miranda Aybal , Carmo Flávia Lima do , Pyrrho Alexandre dos Santos , Leite Selma Gomes Ferreira , Araujo Fábio Vieira de
Published: April 2020

ABSTRACT Irrigation water and cultivated soil have been identified as possible sources of contamination in several crops. In certain vegetables that are eaten raw, such as lettuce, this contamination can lead to public health problems. Aiming to evaluate the influence of these sources on the quality of lettuce grown in the Córrego Sujo Basin, Teresópolis, RJ, an important agricultural pole whose production services the metropolitan region of Rio de Janeiro, water from different sources (spring, weir and river) was collected in this region, as well as samples of soil and lettuce irrigated with these waters, to carry out conventional microbiological analyzes (counts of total heterotrophic bacteria and thermotolerant coliforms) and molecular analyzes (PCR-DGGE). The count of fecal coliforms in lettuce suggests that there is an influence of irrigation water and the cultivated soil on the contamination of these vegetables. The grouping of bacterial communities in the different samples obtained by the PCR-DGGE technique shows that irrigation water has a greater influence on the contamination of these vegetables in relation to the soil where they are grown. These results corroborate the need to monitor water bodies used for irrigation and demonstrate that the PCR-DGGE technique is of great value for the study of microbial communities and, when associated with specific primers, can help in the detection of pathogens in food.
Elementos-traço no solo, na planta e no grão de plantas de milho cultivadas em latossolos tratados com lodo de esgoto por 16 anos
Authors: Yada Marcela Midori , Melo Wanderley José de , Melo Valéria Peruca de
Published: April 2020

RESUMO Uma das maiores preocupações quanto à aplicação de lodo de esgoto (LE) no solo se deve à contaminação por elementos-traço, dadas a persistência destes no ambiente e a sua alta toxicidade. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar os teores dos elementos As, Ba, Cd, Cr, Cu, Hg, Mo, Ni, Pb, Se e Zn no solo, na planta e nos grãos do milho, quando plantas foram cultivadas em dois latossolos, após 16 anos com aplicação anual de doses de LE. O experimento foi instalado em condições de campo em Jaboticabal, SP. O delineamento experimental foi em blocos casualizados com quatro tratamentos e cinco repetições. Os tratamentos foram: T1 = 0 testemunha (fertilização mineral, sem aplicação de LE), T2 = 5 t ha-1 LE, T3 = 10 t ha-1 LE e T4 = 20 t ha-1 LE (matéria seca). A aplicação de doses de LE de 10 e 20 t ha-1 aumentou o teor disponível de Cu no latossolo vermelho eutroférrico (LVef) e os teores disponíveis de Cu, Ni, Pb e Zn no latossolo vermelho distrófico (LVd), porém sem ultrapassar os limites estabelecidos pela legislação brasileira (valores de prevenção). Os teores dos elementos As, Ba, Cd, Cr, Hg, Mo e Pb nos grãos de milho permaneceram abaixo dos limites estabelecidos para o consumo humano.
Levedura Pichia kudriavzevii SD5 como biocatalizador na descoloração do corante Preto Reativo 5
Authors: Delane Elina Isaque , Evangelista-Barreto Norma Suely , Cazetta Marcia Luciana
Published: April 2020

RESUMO As leveduras vêm apresentando bons resultados na biodegradação de corantes, tornando-se uma alternativa ambientalmente segura e de custo mais baixo para o tratamento de efluentes contendo corantes industriais. Assim, o objetivo deste trabalho foi estudar a descoloração do azo corante Preto Reativo 5 (PR5) pela levedura Pichia kudriavzevii SD5. Para otimização dos parâmetros de descoloração do Preto Reativo 5 foram realizados dois planejamentos experimentais do tipo Delineamento Composto Central Rotacional (DCCR) 23, sendo cada planejamento composto por 17 ensaios, a 150 rpm durante 24 h. As variáveis estudadas foram pH, temperatura e concentração do corante e tiveram como resposta a porcentagem de descoloração. Também foram realizados testes de toxicidade do sobrenadante após 16 h e 24 h de cultivo, utilizando-se sementes de alface (Lactuca sativa) e o microcrustáceo Artemia salina. Os resultados mostraram que a P. kudriavzevii SD5 é uma levedura tolerante a vários tipos de estresse, uma vez que apresentou capacidade de degradar elevadas concentrações do corante PR5 a 45° C. Entretanto, apenas a temperatura apresentou influência estatisticamente significativa (p < 0,05) na descoloração do PR5. Os bioensaios de toxicidade demonstraram que ocorreu diminuição da toxicidade após 24 h de cultivo, e o perfil de absorbância do sobrenadante apontou para um mecanismo degradativo de descoloração.
O uso de indicadores de desempenho na avaliação da qualidade operacional dos aterros sanitários do estado do Rio de Janeiro no triênio 2013-2015
Authors: Cunha Carlos Eduardo Soares Canejo Pinheiro da , Ritter Elisabeth , Ferreira João Alberto
Published: April 2020

RESUMO Encerrar vazadouros, implantar e operar aterros sanitários são importantes passos para consolidar um sistema de gestão de resíduos sólidos urbanos (RSU) eficiente e sustentável. No estado do Rio de Janeiro, desde 2007, existem avanços significativos nesse processo. Entretanto, é fundamental transcender as terminologias que distinguem os locais de disposição final e avaliar a real qualidade da prestação desse serviço público. Não resta dúvida que encerrar vazadouros deve ser prioridade dos estados e municípios, todavia, não se deve distanciar o olhar da avaliação constante do desempenho ambiental dessas atividades e, consequentemente, de suas qualidades operacionais. Baseado nesse princípio, o estado do Rio de Janeiro, por meio do Instituto Estadual do Ambiente (INEA), desenvolveu, em 2013, uma metodologia para a obtenção do Índice de Qualidade de Destinação Final de Resíduos (IQDR). O principal objetivo deste artigo é avaliar o resultado da aplicação do IQDR do Rio de Janeiro em 19 aterros sanitários e em sete aterros controlados do Estado entre os anos de 2013 e 2015. Essa análise possibilitou criticar as estratégias propostas pelas políticas públicas de gestão de resíduos vigentes no estado, bem como a sua eficácia. Constatou-se que os aterros de Seropédica, Campos e São Gonçalo apresentaram os melhores desempenhos no período avaliado, tendo sido considerados adequados. Juntos, esses aterros receberam mais de 10 milhões de toneladas de RSU no período, 58% da quantidade coletada no estado. Os aterros de Miguel Pereira, Barra do Piraí e Piraí apresentaram o pior desempenho - foram considerados inadequados - , tendo recebido cerca de 47 mil toneladas de RSU no período, menos de 1% do montante coletado no estado.
Proposta de critérios norteadores e requisitos mínimos para licenciamento ambiental de usinas fotovoltaicas no Brasil
Authors: Perazzoli Débora Lia , Gobbi Eduardo Felga , Tiepolo Gerson Maximo
Published: April 2020

RESUMO A geração de energia fotovoltaica vem crescendo no Brasil, e a capacidade instalada de usinas fotovoltaicas (UFV) deve superar 3 GW em alguns anos. Essa tecnologia causa menor impacto ambiental do que formas de geração tradicionais, como termoelétricas e hidroelétricas. Entretanto os impactos quando da implantação de UFV devem ser considerados no licenciamento ambiental. No Brasil, não há uma legislação federal que estabeleça critérios mínimos para esse tipo de licenciamento. Alguns estados criaram legislações próprias, que divergem nas exigências e critérios adotados. Essa disparidade causa insegurança no processo de licenciamento, dificuldade na aprovação dos estudos, aumento de custos e prazos, podendo inviabilizar empreendimentos. Neste estudo foram analisadas e comparadas as legislações em 12 estados, nas quais está previsto o desenvolvimento de UFV, como base para propor critérios claros, objetivos e padronizados para o enquadramento legal das UFV. Como resultado desta pesquisa, propõe-se o enquadramento como de baixo impacto, com licenciamento simplificado e emissão de licença prévia (LP) e licença de instalação (LI) em etapa única. Os critérios para enquadramento de porte são potência instalada e área diretamente ocupada. Para potencial poluidor, os critérios são necessidade de supressão de vegetação nativa (e/ou em área de preservação permanente - APP) e localização em área de fragilidade socioambiental. A avaliação conjunta desses critérios define qual o estudo ambiental necessário ao licenciamento. O trabalho lista os principais aspectos e impactos ambientais a serem abordados em tais estudos. Estes critérios unificados formam uma ferramenta para promover tanto o desenvolvimento de UFV como a proteção do meio ambiente com minimização de possíveis impactos.
Arranjos institucionais para a implantação de programa municipal de pagamento por serviços ambientais hídricos: estudo de caso de São José dos Campos (SP)
Authors: Fiore Fabiana Alves , Bardini Vivian Silveira dos Santos , Cabral Paula Cristina Pereira
Published: April 2020

RESUMO O uso de instrumentos econômicos como indutores de qualidade ambiental vem ganhando destaque mundial. Na última década, o Brasil vivenciou a implantação de programas de Pagamento por Serviços Ambientais (PSA) para promover a restauração e a conservação de recursos naturais, com reconhecidos ganhos ambientais. Considerada a incipiência do uso dessa estratégia como política pública municipal, o presente trabalho foi desenvolvido com o objetivo de apresentar o estudo de caso do projeto de PSA em implantação no município de São José dos Campos (SP), na microbacia do ribeirão das Couves. A realização desta pesquisa foi subsidiada por revisão bibliográfica, análise documental e entrevistas estruturadas, contemplando desde a sua gênese, em 2010, até o ano de 2017. Com base nos resultados, foi possível verificar que os agentes públicos municipais invitaram esforços durante os cinco primeiros anos para adquirir conhecimento, estabelecer meios regulatórios, garantir recursos econômicos, envolver agentes sociais afetados por essa política, até que fosse possível iniciar o projeto. Nesse período foi estabelecido o arranjo institucional, motivado pela viabilidade de aprendizado das entidades parceiras e oportunidade de contribuição e partilha. Os principais ganhos com a implantação do projeto relacionam-se ao incremento de vegetação nativa e à melhoria de qualidade das águas na microbacia que são utilizadas como manancial para abastecimento público local. Entre os desafios destacados pelos gestores públicos está a inexistência de recursos humanos, materiais e financeiros dedicados à iniciativa. Por fim, destaca-se que o aprendizado gerado pelo projeto servirá ao município para a continuidade do programa e a projetos semelhantes.
Combinação de processos com membranas para remoção de sulfato da água do mar para injeção em reservatórios de petróleo
Authors: Hupsel Amanda Loreti , Borges Cristiano Piacsek , Barbosa Gisele Mattedi , Gonzalez Nityananda Yudice
Published: April 2020

RESUMO Água do mar é comumente utilizada como fluido de injeção em plataformas offshore na recuperação secundária do petróleo. Porém, a presença de sulfato causa diversos inconvenientes, como a formação de precipitados, que podem se depositar em diversas partes da plataforma de produção. Atualmente, a dessulfatação é realizada em unidades removedoras de sulfato (URS) por processo de nanofiltração (NF), cujas amostras precisam ser pré-tratadas, usualmente em filtros cartuchos. Os sólidos suspensos e os microrganismos que não foram retidos pelo sistema de filtração podem depositar sobre a superfície das membranas de NF, diminuindo a produtividade do sistema e reduzindo o tempo de vida das membranas. O processo de microfiltração (MF) pode ser utilizado como pré-tratamento alternativo e possibilitaria a remoção desses elementos. Neste estudo, foi desenvolvido um processo combinado de MF e NF para a dessulfatação da água do mar, visando a sua injeção em reservatórios de petróleo. Módulos de permeação contendo membranas de poli(imida) no formato de fibras ocas foram utilizados na construção de um sistema piloto de MF integrado a um sistema piloto de NF similar aos já atualmente utilizados nas plataformas. O desempenho dos sistemas foi avaliado por meio do acompanhamento da permeabilidade de ambos durante a filtração da água do mar. Parâmetros como grau de recuperação de água, frequência e eficiência de procedimentos de retrolavagem e limpeza química também foram estudados. Os resultados demonstraram que o pré-tratamento da água do mar por MF é uma alternativa eficaz para a dessulfatação por NF.
Clinical Practice Observation of Trastuzumab in Patients with Human Epidermal Growth Receptor 2-Positive Metastatic Adenocarcinoma of the Stomach or Gastroesophageal Junction
Authors: Al-Batran Salah-Eddin , Moorahrend Enno , Maintz Christoph , Goetze Thorsten O. , Hempel Dirk , Thuss-Patience Peter , Gaillard Vincent E. , Hegewisch-Becker Susanna
Published: April 2020

Background

The observational study HerMES collected primary data on effectiveness and safety of trastuzumab in patients with human epidermal growth receptor 2 (HER2)-positive cancer of the stomach or gastroesophageal junction (GEJ) in routine clinical practice, exploring the treatment with trastuzumab, chemotherapy backbones used, and the HER2 testing in a real-world setting in Germany.

Subjects, Materials, and Methods

This noninterventional study observed patients with histologically confirmed, HER2-positive metastatic adenocarcinoma of the stomach or GEJ, who were treated with trastuzumab according to the physicians’ judgement and clinical practice. The observation phase per patient took as long as the duration of the trastuzumab therapy, but for a maximum of 12 months. A subsequent extended follow-up phase lasted until the patient's death or the end of the study, that is, 2 years from start of the follow-up phase of the last patient. All data were analyzed descriptively.

Results

Between February 2010 and July 2016, 364 patients were observed at 171 sites throughout Germany. The median overall survival was 14.1 months and the median progression-free survival was 7.9 months. The overall response rate was 43%. Safety was in line with previous reports. This study observed a high diversity of chemotherapy regimens that were combined with trastuzumab. Post hoc subgroup analyses showed differences in outcomes according to the chemotherapy regimen used.

Conclusion

Trastuzumab treatment in everyday practice as observed in HerMES confirmed the positive results of the pivotal study ToGA in an observational, real-world setting.

Implications for Practice

Real-world data of trastuzumab treatment of patients with gastroesophageal or gastric metastatic adenocarcinoma confirmed the positive results of the pivotal clinical trial. The observed median overall survival was 14.1 months and the median progression-free survival was 7.9 months. Although recommendations concerning administration of trastuzumab were well implemented, a high diversity of chemotherapy regimens were combined with trastuzumab. Regimens other than the in-label regimens, especially oxaliplatin-based doublets or 5-fluorouracil, leucovorin, oxaliplatin, taxane triplets, were used in 29% of patients. Observation of a second, marginal HER2-positivity population confirmed the benefit of trastuzumab predominantly for well-confirmed human epidermal growth receptor 2 (HER2)-positive tumors and the requirement of reliable HER2 testing.
Efficiency and Suitability of the Fish Passages of River Ceyhan, Turkey
Authors: ALP Ahmet , AKYÜZ Adil , ÖZCAN Mikail , YERLİ Sedat
Published: April 2020

The efficiencies of the two fish passages of River Ceyhan (Turkey) were investigated by using trap catches, external tags (T-bar anchor tags), PIT telemetry and radio telemetry. According to the results of the study, the pool and weir type fish passage were not effective; no fish entered the trap in this fish passage. Further, it was observed that none of the 50 external tagged fishes, 44 PIT-tagged fishes, and 47 radio-tagged fishes passed through this fish passage. A total of 900 Capoeta damascina and 520 Alburnus adanensis entered the trap installed in the vertical slot fish passage. A relationship was found between the gender ratio of the migratory C. damascina and their migration times. Fish passage performance was different according to the applications. These differences in fish passage success among the applications originated from the sizes of the tagged fish. Because the sizes of the radio-tagged fish were much larger than that of the external tagged fish and PIT-tagged fish so the success of the fish passage according to the radio telemetry was estimated higher than that of the other applications. The further passing ratio of the fish over 20 cm in length was higher than that of the small individuals.
LAM-HGTGTS (Linear Amplification-mediated high-throughput genome-wide translocation sequencing) Our Working Protocol. v1
Authors: Danner Eric
Published: April 2020

LAM-HTGTS = linear amplification mediated high-throughput genomic translocations sequencing The presented version is our working version of the Frederick Alt and Richard Frock paper "Detecting DNA double-stranded breaks in mammalian genomes by linear amplification–mediated high-throughput genome-wide translocation sequencing" published in Nature Protocols in 2016. The main application of the method is sequencing of the unknown sequences that flank known regions. It can be used in two ways: 1. inside-out (in genomic engineering it can be used to characterize the off-targets, for example). 2. outside-in (in the same setting of genomic engineering it can be used to measure the on-target efficiency and characterize the on-target events). Main advantage of the method is its unbiased nature: the template genomic DNA is sheared by sonication which is presumably sequence-independent. Original protocol is here: Hu, J., Meyers, R. M., Dong, J., Panchakshari, R. A., Alt, F. W., & Frock, R. L. (2016). Detecting DNA double-stranded breaks in mammalian genomes by linear amplification-mediated high-throughput genome-wide translocation sequencing. Nature Protocols, 11(5), 853–871. https://doi.org/10.1038/nprot.2016.043 These are the changes that made it work in our hands.
Associations of antithrombotic agent use with clinical outcomes in critically ill patients with troponin I elevation in the absence of acute coronary syndrome (Table 3) v1
Authors: Tsai Chuan-Tsai , Lu Ya-Wen , Chou Ruey-Hsing , Tsai Yi-Lin , Kuo Ming-Ren , Guo Jiun-Yu , Lu Chi-Ting , Kuo Chin-Sung , Huang Po-Hsun
Published: April 2020

Introduction: To evaluate efficacy of antithrombotic agents in critically ill patients with elevated troponin I level during intensive care unit (ICU) admission. Methods and results: It was a retrospective observational study which was conducted in a tertiary teaching hospital in Taipei, Taiwan. All patients hospitalized in ICU for >3 days and with available serum troponin I data from December 2015 to July 2017 were included. Patients with definite diagnosis of acute myocardial infarction (AMI) were excluded. We divided patients with troponin I elevation into three groups; no prescription, chronic prescription and new prescription of antithrombotic agents during ICU admission. We defined new prescription when patients were on antithrombotic agents, including antiplatelet agents, direct oral anticoagulants, and warfarin after troponin I was found to be elevated at ICU admission and chronic prescription, if antithrombotic agents were on medication list more than 30 days before ICU admission. Primary outcomes were 30-day and one-year all-cause mortality. Of 597 subjects who met inclusion criteria, 407 (68%) patients had elevated troponin I (>0.1 ng/mL) on ICU admission. These patients had increased 30-day [hazard ratio (HR), 1.679; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.132–2.491; p = 0.009] and one-year (HR, 1.568; 95% CI, 1.180–2.083; p = 0.002) all-cause mortality compared with those without elevated troponin I. In patients with elevated troponin I, there was no significant difference of 30-day all-cause mortality among three groups (p = 0.051) whereas patients on chronic prescription showed significant survival benefit in one-year all-cause mortality when compared to those without or with new prescription (p= 0.008). Conclusions: In critically ill patients, elevated troponin I in the absence of AMI was associated with poor prognosis. Newly prescribed antithrombotic agents in ICU didn’t reveal the difference in short and long-term prognosis while chronic antithrombotic agent use was associated with better one-year survival rate, suggesting that these drugs play a protective role in this high-risk population.
Associations of antithrombotic agent use with clinical outcomes in critically ill patients with troponin I elevation in the absence of acute coronary syndrome (Table 4) v1
Authors: Tsai Chuan-Tsai , Lu Ya-Wen , Chou Ruey-Hsing , Tsai Yi-Lin , Kuo Ming-Ren , Guo Jiun-Yu , Lu Chi-Ting , Kuo Chin-Sung , Huang Po-Hsun
Published: April 2020

Introduction: To evaluate efficacy of antithrombotic agents in critically ill patients with elevated troponin I level during intensive care unit (ICU) admission. Methods and results: It was a retrospective observational study which was conducted in a tertiary teaching hospital in Taipei, Taiwan. All patients hospitalized in ICU for >3 days and with available serum troponin I data from December 2015 to July 2017 were included. Patients with definite diagnosis of acute myocardial infarction (AMI) were excluded. We divided patients with troponin I elevation into three groups; no prescription, chronic prescription and new prescription of antithrombotic agents during ICU admission. We defined new prescription when patients were on antithrombotic agents, including antiplatelet agents, direct oral anticoagulants, and warfarin after troponin I was found to be elevated at ICU admission and chronic prescription, if antithrombotic agents were on medication list more than 30 days before ICU admission. Primary outcomes were 30-day and one-year all-cause mortality. Of 597 subjects who met inclusion criteria, 407 (68%) patients had elevated troponin I (>0.1 ng/mL) on ICU admission. These patients had increased 30-day [hazard ratio (HR), 1.679; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.132–2.491; p = 0.009] and one-year (HR, 1.568; 95% CI, 1.180–2.083; p = 0.002) all-cause mortality compared with those without elevated troponin I. In patients with elevated troponin I, there was no significant difference of 30-day all-cause mortality among three groups (p = 0.051) whereas patients on chronic prescription showed significant survival benefit in one-year all-cause mortality when compared to those without or with new prescription (p= 0.008). Conclusions: In critically ill patients, elevated troponin I in the absence of AMI was associated with poor prognosis. Newly prescribed antithrombotic agents in ICU didn’t reveal the difference in short and long-term prognosis while chronic antithrombotic agent use was associated with better one-year survival rate, suggesting that these drugs play a protective role in this high-risk population.
Associations of antithrombotic agent use with clinical outcomes in critically ill patients with troponin I elevation in the absence of acute coronary syndrome (Table 5) v1
Authors: Tsai Chuan-Tsai , Lu Ya-Wen , Chou Ruey-Hsing , Tsai Yi-Lin , Kuo Ming-Ren , Guo Jiun-Yu , Lu Chi-Ting , Kuo Chin-Sung , Huang Po-Hsun
Published: April 2020

Introduction: To evaluate efficacy of antithrombotic agents in critically ill patients with elevated troponin I level during intensive care unit (ICU) admission. Methods and results: It was a retrospective observational study which was conducted in a tertiary teaching hospital in Taipei, Taiwan. All patients hospitalized in ICU for >3 days and with available serum troponin I data from December 2015 to July 2017 were included. Patients with definite diagnosis of acute myocardial infarction (AMI) were excluded. We divided patients with troponin I elevation into three groups; no prescription, chronic prescription and new prescription of antithrombotic agents during ICU admission. We defined new prescription when patients were on antithrombotic agents, including antiplatelet agents, direct oral anticoagulants, and warfarin after troponin I was found to be elevated at ICU admission and chronic prescription, if antithrombotic agents were on medication list more than 30 days before ICU admission. Primary outcomes were 30-day and one-year all-cause mortality. Of 597 subjects who met inclusion criteria, 407 (68%) patients had elevated troponin I (>0.1 ng/mL) on ICU admission. These patients had increased 30-day [hazard ratio (HR), 1.679; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.132–2.491; p = 0.009] and one-year (HR, 1.568; 95% CI, 1.180–2.083; p = 0.002) all-cause mortality compared with those without elevated troponin I. In patients with elevated troponin I, there was no significant difference of 30-day all-cause mortality among three groups (p = 0.051) whereas patients on chronic prescription showed significant survival benefit in one-year all-cause mortality when compared to those without or with new prescription (p= 0.008). Conclusions: In critically ill patients, elevated troponin I in the absence of AMI was associated with poor prognosis. Newly prescribed antithrombotic agents in ICU didn’t reveal the difference in short and long-term prognosis while chronic antithrombotic agent use was associated with better one-year survival rate, suggesting that these drugs play a protective role in this high-risk population.
Associations of antithrombotic agent use with clinical outcomes in critically ill patients with troponin I elevation in the absence of acute coronary syndrome (Figure 3) v1
Authors: Tsai Chuan-Tsai , Lu Ya-Wen , Chou Ruey-Hsing , Tsai Yi-Lin , Kuo Ming-Ren , Guo Jiun-Yu , Lu Chi-Ting , Kuo Chin-Sung , Huang Po-Hsun
Published: April 2020

Introduction: To evaluate efficacy of antithrombotic agents in critically ill patients with elevated troponin I level during intensive care unit (ICU) admission. Methods and results: It was a retrospective observational study which was conducted in a tertiary teaching hospital in Taipei, Taiwan. All patients hospitalized in ICU for >3 days and with available serum troponin I data from December 2015 to July 2017 were included. Patients with definite diagnosis of acute myocardial infarction (AMI) were excluded. We divided patients with troponin I elevation into three groups; no prescription, chronic prescription and new prescription of antithrombotic agents during ICU admission. We defined new prescription when patients were on antithrombotic agents, including antiplatelet agents, direct oral anticoagulants, and warfarin after troponin I was found to be elevated at ICU admission and chronic prescription, if antithrombotic agents were on medication list more than 30 days before ICU admission. Primary outcomes were 30-day and one-year all-cause mortality. Of 597 subjects who met inclusion criteria, 407 (68%) patients had elevated troponin I (>0.1 ng/mL) on ICU admission. These patients had increased 30-day [hazard ratio (HR), 1.679; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.132–2.491; p = 0.009] and one-year (HR, 1.568; 95% CI, 1.180–2.083; p = 0.002) all-cause mortality compared with those without elevated troponin I. In patients with elevated troponin I, there was no significant difference of 30-day all-cause mortality among three groups (p = 0.051) whereas patients on chronic prescription showed significant survival benefit in one-year all-cause mortality when compared to those without or with new prescription (p= 0.008). Conclusions: In critically ill patients, elevated troponin I in the absence of AMI was associated with poor prognosis. Newly prescribed antithrombotic agents in ICU didn’t reveal the difference in short and long-term prognosis while chronic antithrombotic agent use was associated with better one-year survival rate, suggesting that these drugs play a protective role in this high-risk population.
Quant-iT™ RiboGreen™ RNA Quantification v2
Authors: Angel Roey , Petrova Eva
Published: April 2020

The following protocol is intended for the quantification of RNA using Quant-iT™ RiboGreen™ RNA Assay Kit (ThermoFisher). This protocol is a simplified and condensed version of the full protocol from the manufacturer. The procedure described here is for 96 reactions. If samples are run in duplicates, then this should allow quantifying 40 samples.
Use of tramadol or other analgesics in patients treated in the emergency department as a risk factor for opioid use. Cohort study. v1
Authors: Machado Alba Jorge , Serna Laura , Valladales Luis , Machado-Duque Manuel , Gaviria Mendoza Andres
Published: April 2020

Introduction: Despite being only a partial opioid agonist, tramadol has been associated with different adverse reactions, including abuse, dependence, and death. Objective: To determine the association between the use of tramadol in emergency departments and the later consumption of opioids at the outpatient level in a group of patients from Colombia. Methods: Cohort study. Based on a medication dispensation database, patients over 18 years of age treated in different clinics in Colombia who for the first time received tramadol, dipyrone, or a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) in the emergency room between January and December 2018 were identified. Three mutually exclusive cohorts were created, and each patient was followed for 12 months after the administration of the analgesic to identify new formulations of any opioid. A Cox proportional-hazards regression model was constructed to identify variables associated with receiving a new opioid. Results: A total of 12,783 patients were identified: 6020 treated with dipyrone, 5309 treated with NSAIDs, and 1454 treated with tramadol. The mean age was 47.1 ± 20.4 years, and 61.6% were women. A total of 17.3% (n=2207) of all patients received an opioid during follow-up. Those treated with tramadol received a new opioid with a higher frequency (n=346, 23.8%) than the other cohorts (14.7% NSAIDs and 17.9% dipyrone, both p<0.001). In the tramadol group, using more than 10 mg of morphine equivalents was associated with greater use of new opioids (HR:1.47, 95%CI:1.12-1.93). Conclusions: Patients treated with tramadol in emergency departments have a higher risk of opioid use at the one-year follow-up than those treated with NSAIDs or dipyrone.
Pediatric acute myeloid leukemias treatment: current scientific view
Authors: Makhacheva F. A. , Valiev T. T.
Published: April 2020

The results of treatment of acute myeloid leukemias (AML) in children remain unsatisfactory. Modern therapeutic programs with hematopoietic stem cell transplantation allow us to get 5-year overall survival rate of 65 % in primary patients. For patients with relapses or refractory AML, 5-year overall survival is about 35 %.

This article presents the possibilities of chemotherapy and hematopoietic stem cell transplantation in the treatment of AML. The possibilities of epigenetic, immune, and cellular therapy are presented for pediatric AML. Special attention is paid to targeted drugs that only beginning to be used in the complex therapy of AML.
Immune thrombocytopenia at the patient with a cystadenoma of the ovaries (а clinical case)
Authors: Pluzhnikova N. A. , Gruzdev V. E. , Byalik T. E. , Mustafina E. A. , Davydova T. V. , Zeinalova P. A. , Shikhabova Z. S.
Published: April 2020

Immune thrombocytopenia is an immunosuppressed acquired disease characterized by low platelet levels in peripheral blood and an increased risk of bleeding. This pathology deserves special attention in cases of patients who are scheduled for surgery, which undoubtedly requires careful preparation of the patient for surgery and a complete laboratory analysis, including a thromboelastogram.

This article describes the clinical case of successful surgical treatment of a patient with immune thrombocytopenia.
diagnostic utility of procalcitonin in children with infectious complications during chemotherapy-induced neutropenia: single center experience, literature review
Authors: Dinikina Yu. V. , Toshina Yu. K. , Belogurova M. B.
Published: April 2020

Background. Infectious complications cause significant mortality in children with oncological diseases during chemotherapy-induced neutropenia. The absence of sensitive and specific signs and symptoms of infectious conditions as well as its microbiological identification, leads to inappropriate antibiotic exposure. The use of laboratory biomarkers (procalcitonin (PCT) and C-reactive protein (CRP)) may be helpful for differential diagnostics of inflammatory conditions and for rational antimicrobial therapy.

Objective: to assess the current value of PCT as an additional marker for differentiating inflammatory conditions in children with chemotherapy-induced neutropenia.

Materials and methods. We presented the analysis of infectious complications in pediatric patients with oncological and onco- / hematological diseases between 2017–2020 (54 patients from 2 mnths – 17 years). PCT and CRP with clinical and instrumental diagnostic data were used for differential diagnosis of fever and development of antimicrobial therapy decision rules. Literature review concerning the discussed theme from 2006–2018 was done.

Results. Eighty-five infectious episodes in 36 months were registered, among them 42 in pts with onco- / hematological diseases and 43 – with solid tumors. In the group of bacterial infectious complications mean CRP and PCT values were significantly higher than in group of nonbacterial, moreover the discriminative value was higher for PCT. We revealed the correlation between severity of infectious complications and values of markers of acute-phase reactions. In case of non-severe bacterial complications and other types of infections significant difference was revealed only for PCT mean values.

Conclusion. Specificity of PCT concentration in bacterial infections exceeds that of CRP, which confirms the hypothesis of advantages in using PCT as differential marker of inflammatory conditions in children with malignancies.
THE IMPORTANCE OF THE MUSEUM IN ANTEBELLUM U.S. WESTERN TERRITORIAL EXPLORATION: UNDERSTANDING THE RELEVANCE OF COLLECTING FOSSILS AND THEIR CONSERVATION TO SOLVING LONG-STANDING GEOLOGIC AND PALEONTOLOGIC PROBLEMS—PART 1
Authors: HARTMAN JOSEPH H.
Published: April 2020

The determination of pivotal moments in the history of a discipline of science can depend on the perspective of the observer. This narrative notes the importance of antebellum institutions in fostering research, research communication, and the potential for fossil conservation. The Smithsonian Institution (U.S. National Museum = National Museum of Natural History) provided a federal umbrella for fossil collection and curation when one was needed. However, along with other institutions, the success record of conserved fossil continental mollusks prior to 1855 is abysmal. Fossils from the first (Frémont in 1843), second (Harris–Audubon in 1843), and third (Evans–Shumard in 1853) expeditions to collect specimens are all now missing. As a clue to the general state of confusion one, terrestrial snail named by Hall and Meek (1855) was misplaced for over a century, but was recently found. Continental molluscan fossils should have served as temporal and environmental landmarks in the construction of geologic maps produced in the 1850s by Hitchcock, Marcou, Rogers, and Hall and Lesley. However, except for the Hall and Lesley map, they did not. Fossil information was published and available, but many fossils were not accessible. The Smithsonian was the recipient of Hayden's fossils and natural science specimens collected in 1854 and 1855. Hayden's fossils and observations resulted in numerous publications, not the least of which were those by Meek and Hayden in 1856 and 1857. For reasons that remain unknown, a number of type specimens (and associated material) used to describe species in 1856 were replaced by Meek in his 1876a monograph, when Meek and Hayden upper Missouri and Yellowstone River species were finally illustrated. Thus, undeclared neotypes have been masquerading as holotypes or members of syntypic (cotypic) series. Meek and Hayden entered the field of western territorial geological studies with only the preconceptions of geology not particularly relevant to what they were about to see. Their claim to fame was not subtle—they published based on observations and specimens. In almost all ways that were important, they were starting from scratch.
HISTORY OF SEISMOLOGY IN CROATIA
Authors: MARKUŠIĆ SNJEŽANA , IVANČIĆ INES
Published: April 2020

The work of Andrija Mohorovičić (1857–1936) had a large impact on the development of seismology, both in Croatia and world-wide. This paper presents a chronological survey of the development of seismology in Croatia providing context for the discovery of the Mohorovičić discontinuity in 1910. The development of early Croatian seismology was strongly influenced by advances in the field made in both Europe and world-wide. It also was influenced by several strong earthquakes that occurred within its territory, most notably the 1880 Zagreb earthquake, and the 1909 Kupa Valley (Pokupsko) earthquake. By studying the seismograms from the Kupa Valley earthquake, Mohorovičić was able to prove the existence of the boundary layer between the Earth's crust and the mantle (the Mohorovičić discontinuity). After Mohorovičić retired in 1921, seismological research in Croatia lost much of it's momentum, and for 20 years no seismological papers were published. After World War II, the Geophysical Institute was incorporated into the Faculty of Science of the University of Zagreb, and seismologists became active once more. Beginning in the second half of the twentieth century, the scientific interests of Croatian seismologists broadened, and international cooperation intensified. During that time, the number of active seismologists in Croatia varied, but never exceeded twelve, all of whom were affiliated with the Department of Geophysics of the Faculty of Science at the University of Zagreb. This small seismological community bore the responsibility of maintaining high standards in seismological research and education, and of keeping Croatian seismology visible in the world of geophysical sciences.
A LOOK AT ‘PART OF SCOTLAND’ ON WILLIAM SMITH'S 1815 MAP
Authors: MCINTYRE ROY W.
Published: April 2020

William Smith's 1815 geological map A Delineation of the Strata of England and Wales with Part of Scotland featured a hundred sites of economic activity in Scotland, such as lead mines, collieries and lime works. Initially, in the ‘Part of Scotland’ portion of the map, very few geological contact lines were engraved on the copper plates to guide the colourists. They would have referred to the Pattern Copy more than they needed to in England. Just three strata dominated north of the Border: ‘Killas’, ‘Red and Dunstone’, and ‘Coalmeasures’. They were mapped principally as five large tracts, following the same southwest to northeast trend Smith had observed in England. In the Midland Valley there was an equally large expanse that was uncoloured until late in the production run. Across the small sample of copies considered here, variations can be seen in the colouring of the strata. Initially this could be attributed to the scarcity of geological contact lines. After some two hundred and seventy copies had been printed, a few more geological contact lines were added, and the approximately forty subsequent copies were fully coloured. However, variations persisted through to the last copies. The colourists had to overcome problems peculiar to ‘Part of Scotland’.
Tinea Capitis and Tinea Corporis caused by Microsporum canis in an 82-year-old Woman:
Efficacy of Sequence Analysis
Authors: Park Tae Heum , Kim Woo Il , Cho Moon Kyun , Whang Kyu Uang , Kim Sooyoung
Published: April 2020

Tinea capitis is more common in children than in adults. Due to the low incidence of this condition among adults, it is frequently misdiagnosed as other scalp diseases, such as seborrheic dermatitis, psoriasis, and cellulitis. Herein, we describe an 82-year-old woman who presented with erythematous scaly patches and alopecia. Mycological examinations revealed tinea capitis caused by Microsporum canis. The patient was then successfully treated with antifungal medications.
The Effectiveness of Static and Dynamic Stretching on Hamstring Flexibility after 4-Weeks Training to Prevent the Risk of Injuries
Authors: Shaharuddin Sismaherni bt Suardi , Mondam Srinivas
Published: April 2020

This study was conducted to investigate the effect of static and dynamic stretching on hamstring muscle flexibility and risk of injury. A total of 20 female students who are in their final year of various departments at the Sultan Idris of Educational University (UPSI) were involved in this study. Subjects were selected based on the body mass index and never active in sports. The will divided into two groups. Group A (n =10) will perform five types of static stretching exercise while the second group B (n = 10) will perform five types of dynamic stretching exercise. They will perform 5-minutes warming up exercise that is jogging before start the stretching. The stretching exercise will handle in three days alternately fo four weeks. The flexibility of the hamstring muscles was measured using a test range protrudes. The instrument that used to measure the flexibility of the hamstring muscles sit reach box, and it is measure before and after the intervention. Pre-test shows no differences between both types of stretching exercise. For the post-test score, static stretching exercise shows the better hamstring flexibility scores than dynamic stretching exercise, t (9) = 23.60, p < 0.005. The results indicated that static stretching exercise is more effective in increasing the hamstring flexibility compared to dynamic stretching exercise and also have results on it in reducing the risk of injury.
Nailfold Videocapillaroscopy Findings in Bradykinin-Mediated Angioedema
Authors: Cesoni Marcelli A , Loffredo S , Petraroli A , Carucci L , Mormile I , Ferrara AL , Spadaro G , Genovese A , Bova M
Published: April 2020

Background: Hereditary angioedema with C1-inhibitor deficiency (C1-INH-HAE) and acquired angioedema related to angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors (ACEI-AAE) are types of bradykinin-mediated angioedema without wheals characterized by recurrent swelling episodes. Recent evidence suggests that a state of “vascular preconditioning” predisposes individuals to attacks, although no data are available on possible structural alterations of the vessels. Objective: This study aims to compare the features of nailfold capillaries to highlight possible structural anomalies between patients affected by C1-INH-HAE and controls and between patients with ACEI-AAE and hypertensive controls. Methods: We used nailfold videocapillaroscopy (NVC) to assess the following: apical, internal, and external diameter; loop length; intercapillary distance; and capillary density, distribution, and morphology. Plasma levels of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) A, VEGF-C, angiopoietin (Ang) 1, and Ang2 were also measured. Results: Compared with healthy controls (n=28), C1-INH-HAE patients (n = 34) were characterized by significant structural alterations of the capillaries, such as greater intercapillary distance (216 vs 190 μm), increased apical, internal, and external diameter (28 vs 22 μm; 22 vs 20 μm; and 81 vs 65 μm, respectively), decreased density (4 vs 5 capillaries/mm2), more irregular capillary distribution, and more tortuous morphology. Apical diameter was enlarged in patients with ≥12 attacks per year. In ACEI-AAE patients, NVC showed no alterations with respect to hypertensive controls. NVC performed in 2 C1-INH-HAE patients during attacks showed no changes compared with the remission phase. Conclusions: We detected major structural capillary alterations in C1-INH-HAE patients, thus confirming the involvement of microcirculation in the pathogenesis of angioedema.
Novel, self-made and cost-ective technique for closed-incision negative pressure wound therapy
Authors: Walczak Dominik Andrzej , Grajek Maciej , Zeman Marcin , Pałka Tomasz , Kalkum Mathias , Dobrut Mirosław , Drozdowski Piotr , Ulczok Rafał , Donocik Karolina , Maciejewski Adam , Krakowczyk Łukasz
Published: April 2020

Background: It has been suggested that applying the negative pressure wound therapy (NPWT) to a closedsurgical incision may hasten the healing of the incision and decrease the incidence of wound healing complications. The goal of this study is to present the new idea of a simple, self-made, low-cost wound vacuum dressing for closed-incision NPWT that may become an alternative to currently manufactured medicalindustry products.Method: We designed a simple dressing for closed-incision NPWT from gauze pads, polyurethane adhesive film, stoma paste, and a drain tube. Negative pressure was created using a standard 50 ml syringe connected to the drain. First, the dressing was applied to the wound model and on the healthy volunteer. Finally, the dressing was applied to 10 patients after low anterior rectal resection. The vacuum dressing was left in place for 3 days, then changed and placed once more for the next 3 days.Results: We did not observe any adverse effects associatedwith the dressing. All postoperative wounds healed properly. 18 out of 20 dressings were still air-tight 72h post-placement.Conclusions: This simple, self-made dressing for NPWT is safe and effective and may decrease the wound infection rate. However future studies are needed to confirm that hypothesis.