bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Understanding COVID-19 and its Impact on Social connection at the Outdoor Recreational Spaces Among CQUniversity students
Authors:   Central Queensland University, Melbourne Campus, Australia, keosilaphone paniphone
Published: October 2024

Preventive measures have been widely used to stop the COVID-19 outbreak, which may have a devastating impact on the social connection among university students. Particularly, Outdoor recreation has been limited due to the COVID-19 restrictions. This study seeks to understand Central Queensland University students’ knowledge about COVID-19 preventive measures and identify the consequence of this practice on the social connection at the outdoor recreational spaces by using a mixed-method design (online survey and interview). Central Queensland University students (CQU) enrolled in Participatory Health Research completed an online survey (N=22) and participated in an online interview (N=15). The results showed that students understood clearly about COVID-19 preventive measures (N=22, 100%). Students had a high number of social connections at the recreational areas, both in-person (Mean=7, Std=7) and virtually (Mean =2, Std=7) before COVID-19. Conversely, during the COVID-19 outbreak, social contacts at the recreational areas had dropped for in-person (Mean=4, Std=5.5) while connection via online platforms slightly increased (Mean =3, Std=5). Their level of social connectedness during COVID-19 moderately connected (N=8, 36%). Students’ experienced impact on the three socioecological levels of intrapersonal (e.g. stress, loneliness, and behavior change), interpersonal (e.g. contacting via social media) and environmental (e.g. parks needed for emotional support).
The Impact of Real Exchange Rate and Gross Domestic Product on Trade Balance of Lao-Thailand
Authors:   Souphanouvong University, CHANTHAMATH Phetsamone
Published: October 2024

The objectives of this study are to analyze the effect of the real exchange rate of kip to baht and gross domestic product on the trade balance between Lao-Thai in both short-run and long-run effects. The time series data from 1990-2021 was usedand implied with the ARDL model. The stationary of each variable was tested by Augmented Dickey Fuller (ADF) method. The empirical analysis by the ARDL model show that there is a long-run relationship. In the long run, the real exchange rate and the gross domestic product of Thailand have a negative relationship with the trade balance at a statistical significance level of 0.01. Meanwhile, the gross domestic product of the Lao PDR has a positive relationship. In the short term, only the gross domestic product of Lao PDR has a negative relationship with the trade balance at a significance level of 0.05. The gross domestic product of Thailand has the most effect on the trade balance, followed by the gross domestic product of the Lao PDR and the real exchange rate of kip per baht has the least effect. The coefficient of speed in adjusting to the equilibrium point is equal to -0.784, which means that after shock, it will be able to adjust to the long run equilibrium by 78.4%.
Factors Affecting the Creation of added Value for the Processing of Cinnamon Products of the People in Nambak District, Luang Prabang Province
Authors:   Souphanouvong University, Manhmany Kongmee
Published: October 2024

In this Research aim to study the situation of creating added value by transforming cinnamon into cinnamon products, the factors that affect the creation of added value by transforming cinnamon into cinnamon products and the development direction in creating added value by transforming cinnamon into cinnamon products of the people of Nambak District, Luang Prabang Province. which uses qualitative and quantitative study methods using questionnaires from a sample group of 174 people. Then bring the data to analyze and organize the data in order to find descriptive statistics and reference statistics using SPSS version 22.0 program to analyze the data, the data as a result of the study as follows: 1) The result were situation of creating added value by transforming cinnamon into a cinnamon product. Most of the workers used in the production of cinnamon are family members. Most of the packing and labeling do not have a logo. Cinnamon sticks are different from others because they have sesame seeds or many other products. Raw cinnamon is collected by ourselves. In one year, we can produce enough cinnamon sticks to meet the needs of customers. Cinnamon sticks are not advertised. Most of the production and distribution of cinnamon sticks is in the form of self-production and self-sale, producing more than 11,000 cinnamon sticks per year, the customers who come to buy cinnamon sticks are domestic tourists, the problem of producing cinnamon sticks is that there are no raw materials as needed. 2) Factors that affect the creation of added value for the processing of cinnamon products of the people of Nambak District, Luang Prabang Province, it was found that there are 4 factors that affect the entrepreneurial, capital and the aspect of creating added value with Brand with statistical significance. 3) The way to create added value is to have promotions and provide more information or get back when the customer is not satisfied and to create a brand that is trustworthy, memorable, should have a story and repeated purchases from consumers, should consider raw materials by selecting local raw materials that have a story and a distinctive difference and value, should focus on premium and increased demand so as to produce more cinnamon sticks.
A IMPORTÂNCIA DA PESQUISA ACADÊMICA NA FORMAÇÃO DE PROFESSORES
Authors: Paiva Eliana Guimarães Barros , Silva Odelio Cardoso da , Silva Adrailton Oliveira , Santos Anaina Gabriela dos , Pinto Edimara Cristiane Ferreira , Rosada Joceline Ferreira do Nascimento , Santos Leidiane Aparecida dos , Guimarães Ueudison Alves
Published: October 2024

This article explores an ongoing study that investigates the integration of research as curricular content in teacher training courses for basic education in Brazil, with a particular focus on pedagogy courses. Thus, the study is situated within the context of government policies and educational reforms that began in the 1990s. However, the work examines the socioeconomic and cultural characteristics of students aspiring to become elementary school teachers and analyzes the introduction of research into the curricula of these courses, contrasting the approaches presented in official documents with the concepts defended by the main authors in the field. The text is based on qualitative data collected through focus group discussions with students who are about to complete the pedagogy course. Thus, the article ends with reflections on the need to consider both the subjective aspects and the sociocultural characteristics of students when assessing the relevance of research in initial teacher training courses. To this end, this analysis seeks to understand more comprehensively the impact of research on teacher training, recognizing the complexity of the dimensions involved in educational practice and in the preparation of future teachers.
AS PRÁTICAS PEDAGÓGICAS MEDIANTE AS REPERCUSSÕES DA APLICABILIDADE DAS TECNOLOGIAS
Authors: Santos Leidiane Aparecida dos , Carmo Elenice Maria dos Santos do , Maciel Rosnele Córdova Armstrong , Araújo João Evânio , Pinheiro Edson José , Aimone Renata Cristina Pilotti , Guimarães Ueudison Alves
Published: October 2024

In recent years, the growing emphasis on teacher training and performance has revealed the urgency of critical and necessary actions. The rapid expansion of Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs) in the educational field not only highlights, but also intensifies, the widespread lack of preparation of many teachers in the face of the new possibilities that these technologies introduce into pedagogical practices. This study proposes an in-depth reflection on the impact of digital technologies on teachers' pedagogical practices, focusing on pedagogical innovations that emerge from classroom practices. The bibliographic research undertaken to support this study reveals that teachers recognize the pressing need for training courses that not only provide technical experiences, but also develop pedagogical dimensions in an integrated manner. Thus, teachers are required to master the curricular content and carry out a critical appropriation of ICTs, aiming to promote qualitative transformations in pedagogical practices. This integration makes it possible to combine pedagogical activities with digital technologies, promoting not only creativity and autonomy among students, but also encouraging deeper reflection on the dynamics of learning. However, by establishing this harmony between curricular knowledge and ICTs, teachers can foster an educational environment that truly takes advantage of the potential of new technologies to enrich and diversify the teaching-learning process.
CAPACITAÇÃO DOCENTE PARA A INTEGRAÇÃO EFICAZ DAS TICS NO PROCESSO EDUCATIVO
Authors: Santos Elissandro Neves dos , Oliveira Simone Lopes de , Costa Luziane Lima da , Barbosa Armando Lima , Barbosa Julye Hemylle Martins , Silva Lidiane Ferreira da , Rezende Aline Costa Cavalcante de , Guimarães Ueudison Alves
Published: October 2024

New Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs) have triggered a series of profound transformations in contemporary society, affecting sociocultural, historical, economic and political spheres in unexpected and complex ways. In this context, this paper adopts a qualitative approach and carries out a literature review to explore the impacts of ICTs on education, particularly about pedagogy and teacher training. Thus, the main emphasis lies on unraveling the relevance of ICTs in teacher training, in addition to identifying the challenges that these professionals face when trying to integrate these technologies into their pedagogical practices. To this end, we seek to develop an in-depth introspection on the concrete difficulties that teachers encounter and the strategies to overcome them, seeking both to elucidate the obstacles and to propose ways to optimize the use of ICTs in the educational process. In this sense, it is pointed out that the intended results include a more solid understanding of the importance of ICTs in teacher training and a detailed perception of the barriers that limit their effective implementation. Therefore, the study aims to enrich the academic debate on the topic, offering effective understandings for researchers and educators interested in integrating ICTs more efficiently into their pedagogical practices.
Biomarkers Identifying the Effectiveness of Biologic Agents in Moderate to Severe Asthma: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis biological agent
Authors: Konishi Kenji , Takeuchi Ken , Hayakawa Nobutaka , Oouchi Motofumi
Published: October 2024

Introduction: Asthma is a prevalent respiratory condition, and biologic agents have proven effective in managing moderate to severe asthma. However, the role of biomarkers in guiding the use of biologic agents remains unclear. Method: On July 30, 2024, a systematic review and subsequent meta-analysis were conducted by searching three major online databases: PubMed, Web of Science, and Cochrane. Results: The final analysis included 10 studies with a total of 6,709 patients with moderate to severe asthma. The overall pooled effect across all ages demonstrated a rate ratio (RR) reduction of 0.61 (95% CI: 0.46 to 0.80; p < 0.01; I2 = 71%). Subgroup analysis revealed an onset or treated age of less than 18 years with RRs of 0.79 (95% CI: 0.62 to 1.02; p = 0.07; I2 = 0%) and 0.88 (95% CI: 0.42 to 1.84; p = 0.73; I2 = 14%), respectively. Patients with varying blood eosinophil levels showed a pooled RR of 0.51 (95% CI: 0.38 to 0.69; p < 0.01; I2 = 82.7%). However, blood eosinophil levels below 150/μL demonstrated a limited effect of biologic agents, with an RR of 0.77 (95% CI: 0.35 to 1.67; p = 0.50; I2 = 87%). For patients with all levels of fraction of exhaled nitric oxide (FeNO), the RR was 0.43 (95% CI: 0.30 to 0.62; p < 0.01; I2 = 84%). The test for subgroup differences yielded a p-value of <0.001, indicating that patients with higher FeNO levels experienced a more significant reduction in RR. Conclusion: Patients with asthma onset or treatment before age 18 may benefit less from biologics. Blood eosinophil counts and FeNO levels aid in selecting these therapies.
The Survey of Professional Development Practices for the Emerging Trends among Academic and Research Librarians in Lagos State
Authors: Ajayi Taiwo , Ojo Joshua , Oyeniyi Wosilat , Otuyalo Modupe
Published: October 2024

The field of librarianship is undergoing profound transformation in response to the digital revolution and evolving user needs. Developing knowledge and skills is therefore essential to remain relevant and effective. The study investigated the professional development practices for adaptation to the emerging technologies and trends among academic and research librarians (ARLs) in Lagos state. It also determined the sources of their professional development strategies and sponsors, and the training need of the academic and research librarians. Descriptive statistics of frequency and simple percentages were used to analyse the data collected. The study revealed that librarians are aware of the emerging trends, they are committed to their professional development through self-sponsored and also have challenges facing them. It was recommended that librarians should be encouraged to be more committed to their profession development, the library should be involved in generating funds to support professional development to alleviate the problem of fund scarcity.
Socratic Prompts: Engineered Dialogue as a Tool for AI-Enhanced Educational Inquiry
Authors: Chukhlomin Valeri
Published: October 2024

This case study explores the integration of the Socratic method with AI-assisted prompt engineering for educational research and course development. It demonstrates how an educator's structured dialogue with an AI system facilitated the design of a course on AI-driven strategies for local businesses while simultaneously developing a research framework to assess its impact. The analysis of this AI interaction highlights the potential and limitations of AI as a collaborative tool in academia, emphasizing the need for critical evaluation and ethical considerations. The findings suggest that this approach can improve efficiency and innovation in educational processes, offering new opportunities for teaching and learning advancement in the AI era. This research contributes to the growing discourse on AI in education and provides practical insights for educators aiming to incorporate AI into their research and pedagogical practices.
MODEL PEMBIASAAN PERILAKU KEAGAMAAN DALAM MENGEMBANGKAN KARAKTER SISWA DI SMK AL-MADANIYAH TASIKMALAYA
Authors: Hidayati Yuni
Published: October 2024

Potret kondisi pendidikan di Indonesia saat ini memiliki segudang permasalahan, yang salah satunya karena pengaruh negatif arus globalisasi. Tawuran antar pelajar yang terjadi hampir setiap hari, penyimpangan seks, penyalahgunaan narkotika. Berbagai permasalahan yang ada, mengetuk hati Guru-guru di SMK Al-Madaniyah untuk menerapkan model pembiasaan perilaku keagamaan, dengan tujuan untuk mengembangkan karakter siswa serta agar tidak terjerumus ke pergaulan bebas. Jenis penelitian yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah penelitian kualitatif. Adapun metode penelitian yang digunakan dalam penelitian adalah metode deskriptif. Dengan menggunakan pendekatan psikologi pendidikan yang merupakan usaha yang dimaksud pada proses yang membawa pada perubahan tingkah laku, yang mana psikologi dalam hubungannya dengan pendidikan berfokus proses, dimana informasi, keterampilan, nilai, dan sikap diteruskan dari guru kepada siswa melalui kegiatan belajar. Hasil penelitian dapat disimpulkan sebagai berikut: (1). Model pembiasaan perilaku keagamaan yang dilaksanakan di SMK Al-Madaniyah dipetakan kedalam tiga dimensi perilaku keagamaan, yaitu dimensi ritual keagamaan, pengetahuan, dan pengamalan nilai-nilai keagamaan. (2). Terdapat beberapa faktor penghambat diantaranya: terdapat siswa yang terlambat sekolah, sulitnya mengontrol perilaku siswa, dan terbatasnya sarana prasarana. (3) Model pembiasaan perilaku keagamaan mempunyai peran yang sangat penting dalam mengembangkan karakter siswa, karena pendidikan karakter harus mempunyai fundamen yang kuat yaitu agama.
KETURUTSERTAAN DALAM TINDAK PIDANA
Authors: Sirojul Baehaqi Eki
Published: October 2024

Tindak pidana yang dalam Bahasa Belanda disebut strafbaar feit, terdiri atas tiga suku kata, yaitu straf yang diartikan sebagai pidana dan hukum, baar diartikan sebagai dapat dan boleh, dan feit yang diartikan sebagai tindak, peristiwa, pelanggaran dan perbuatan. Dalam tindak pidana yang melibatkan pelaku lebih dari satu orang dengan didasarkan pada kualitas tindak pidana dibagi menjadi beberapa kategori. Pembagian kategori tersebut diatur melalui Kitab Undang-undang Hukum Pidana.
Oleh karenanya didalam artikel ini penulis merumuskan dua permasalahan antara lain apa pengertian keturutsertaan dalam tindak pidana serta bagaimana pertanggungjawaban pidana bagi yang turut serta melakukan tindak pidana. Pendekatan yang dilakukan dalam penelitian ini adalah pendekatan peraturan perundang-undangan dan pendekatan kasus yang selanjutnya dianalisis secara yuridis kualitatif normatif.
Dari hasil peneilitian ditemukan bahwa kualtias pelaku dalam tindak pidana diatur melalui Kitab Undang-undang Hukum Pidana khussunya pasal 55 ayat 1 dan pasal 56. Turut serta dibuat untuk menuntut pertanggungjawaban mereka yang memungkinkan pembuat melakukan peristiwa pidana, biarpun perbuatan mereka itu sendiri tidak memuat semua peristiwa pidana itu.
Dalam praktiknya, kadang sulit dan kadang juga mudah untuk menentukan siapa diantara mereka perbuatannya benar-benar telah memenuhi rumusan tindak pidana, artinya dari perbuatannya yang melahirkan tindak pidana itu. Ketentuan penyertaan yang dibentuk dan dimuat dalam KUHP (Kitab Undang-Undang Hukum Pidana) bertujuan agar dapat dipertanggungjawabkan dan dipidananya orang-orang yang terlibat dan mempunyai andil baik secara fisik (objektif) maupun psikis (subjektif).
Yang membedakan seorang mededader dari seorang medeplichtige yaitu orang yang disebut pertama itu secara langsung telah ikut ambil bagian dalam pelaksanaan suatu tindak pidana yang telah diancam dengan undang-undang, atau telah secara langsung turut melakukan perbuatan menyelesaikan tindak pidana yang bersangkutan. Sedangkan medeplichtige hanya memberikan bantuan untuk melakukan perbuatan tindak pidana pada saat atau terbukti tindak pidana dilakukan.
CD with stories from southernmost Greenland recorded in the 1950s and 1960s
Authors: Vebæk Mâliâraq
Published: October 2024

Not available
Cascade overlap simulation of formation of dislocation loops in Ti-V-Ta multi-principal element alloy
Authors: Zhao Yong-Peng , Dou Yan-Kun , He Xin-Fu , Yang Wen ,   Reactor Engineering Technology Research Institute, China Institute of Atomic Energy, Beijing 102413, China
Published: October 2024

Among the currently developed multi-principal element alloys (MPEAs), Ti-V-Ta MPEA stands out because of its good high-temperature strength, good room-temperature plasticity, stable organizational structure, and low neutron activation, and becomes a first option for cladding material of special power reactors. The radiation resistance of Ti-V-Ta MPEA is the focus of current research. Dislocation loops are the main irradiation defects in Ti-V-Ta MPEA, which can significantly affect the mechanical properties. Therefore, clarifying the formation mechanism of dislocation loops in Ti-V-Ta HEA can help to understand its radiation resistance. The formation behavior of dislocation loops in Ti-V-Ta MPEA is studied based on molecular dynamics method in this work. Cascade overlap simulations with vacancy clusters and interstitial clusters are carried out. The cascade overlap formation mechanism of dislocation loops is analyzed and discussed. In Ti-V-Ta MPEA, the cascade overlap with defect clusters can directly produce different types of dislocation structures. The defect configuration after cascade overlap is determined by the primary knock-on atom (PKA) energy and the type and size of the preset defect clusters. Cascade overlap can improve the formation probability of \begin{document}$ \left\langle {100} \right\rangle $\end{document} dislocation loops in Ti-V-Ta MPEA. Cascade overlap with vacancy clusters is an important mechanism for the formation of \begin{document}$ \left\langle {100} \right\rangle $\end{document} vacancy dislocation loops, and the size of vacancy clusters is the dominant factor for the formation of \begin{document}$ \left\langle {100} \right\rangle $\end{document} vacancy dislocation loops. When the PKA energy is enough to dissolve the defect clusters, \begin{document}$ \left\langle {100} \right\rangle $\end{document} vacancy dislocation loops are more likely to form. Furthermore, cascade overlap with interstitial clusters in Ti-V-Ta MPEA is a possible mechanism for the formation of \begin{document}$ \left\langle {100} \right\rangle $\end{document} interstitial dislocation loops. This study can contribute to understanding the evolution behavior of irradiation defects in Ti-V-Ta MPEA, and provide theoretical support for designing the composition and optimizing the high-entropy alloys.
Perovskite solar cells prepared by processing CsPbBr3 nanocrystalline films in low temperature solution
Authors: Zhang Xi-Sheng , Yan Chun-Yu , Hu Li-Na , Wang Jing-Zhou , Yao Chen-Zhong ,   Shanxi Province Intelligent Optoelectronic Sensing Application Technology Innovation Center, Yuncheng University, Yuncheng 044000, China,   Shanxi Province Optoelectronic Information Science and Technology Laboratory, Yuncheng University, Yuncheng 044000, China
Published: October 2024

In the process of preparing perovskite polycrystalline films by solution method, toxic solvents are used, and heat treatment is still the main way to induce perovskite grain growth, which not only increases energy consumption, but also hinders the development of flexible solar cells. In order to avoid the use of toxic solvents and high-temperature process, CsPbBr3 nanocrystal films are treated with low temperature solution to obtain corresponding polycrystalline thin films, which are applied to solar cells. Firstly, CsPbBr3 nanocrystalline (nanocrystalline NC) ink precursor is prepared by hot injection method, and nanocrystalline film is prepared by spinning coating method. In atmospheric environment, CsPbBr3 nanocrystalline films are prepared by saturated solution of Pb(SCN)2 and NH4Br methyl acetate. Using the CsPbBr3 nanocrystalline film as an absorbing layer, the perovskite solar cell is prepared and the performance of the cell is effectively improved, and the efficiency of the cell reaches 8.43%. The results show that the saturated solution of Pb(SCN)2 and NH4Br methyl acetate (MA) can not only continue the nanocrystalline crystallization, but also effectively passivate the defects in the perovskite films. In the process of preparing CsPbBr3 polycrystalline films, neither high temperature treatment nor the high boiling point toxic solvent is used, which is suitable for the preparation rigid and flexible solar cells.

The inorganic halide perovskite nanocrystals are developed and used as “ink” to fabricate fully air-processed, electrically stable solar cells. Although the prepared film is composed of mosaic nanocrystals capped with a large number of organic ligands and surface traps, this method provides a new approach for single-step, large-scale fabrication of inorganic perovskite devices. Moreover, the flexible control of the material composition provides a platform for uncovering the optimal conditions for optoelectronics and photonics.
Research on acoustic control of coupled vibration system of transducers using acoustic surface and topological defect structures
Authors: Lin Ji-Yan , Chen Cheng , Guo Lin-Wei , Li Yao , Lin Shu-Yu , Sun Jiao-Xia , Xu Jie ,   Yulin Key Laboratory of Big Data and Intelligent Decision, Yulin University, Yulin 719000, China,   Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Ultrasonics, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an 710119, China,   The Second Gas Production Plant of Changqing Oilfield Branch, Yulin 719000, China
Published: October 2024

How to regulate the sound waves in the coupled vibration system of complex power ultrasonic transducers and design high-performance transducer systems has always been an urgent problem in the field of power ultrasound. Research has found that introducing various defects within the transducer system can improve the performance of the transducer coupled vibration system to a certain extent. However, the drawbacks of high loss, narrow frequency band, and sensitivity to structural parameters limit the further practical application of defect type phononic crystal transducer coupled vibration systems.

In order to improve the limitations of the coupled vibration system of defect-type phononic crystal transducers, effectively reduce energy loss, and enhance the efficiency of energy transmission, this paper introduces a topological defect structure with energy localization effect and a sound surface structure with high energy transmission efficiency into the coupled vibration system of the transducer. In this study, the acoustic surface structure and topological defect structure are used to excite defect states with energy localization effects and high energy transmission efficiency surface states, effectively regulating the vibration of the transducer coupled vibration system, and constructing a transducer coupled vibration system with high quality factor, low loss, and high energy transmission efficiency. By flexibly designing the geometric size parameters of the acoustic surface structure and defects, the vibration of the transducer coupled vibration system can be effectively controlled, thereby meeting the different functional requirements of the transducer coupled vibration system.

However, due to the excessive design parameters of surface structure and topological defect structure, the complexity of the design will be multiplied, greatly reducing the success rate of the design. Therefore, this study uses data analysis technology to establish a performance prediction model for the transducer coupled vibration system, in order to achieve the accurate prediction of system performance and change the shortcomings of low design efficiency and low success rate brought by traditional empirical trial and error methods.

In order to verify the effectiveness of the research, the coupled vibration system of the transducer is studied in simulation and experiment in this work. The simulation and experimental results indicate that the acoustic surface structure and topological defect structure can effectively regulate sound waves to improve the performance of the transducer coupled vibration system.
A Plasmodium falciparum MORC protein complex modulates epigenetic control of gene expression through interaction with heterochromatin
Authors: Singh Maneesh Kumar , Bonnell Victoria Ann , Tojal Da Silva Israel , Santiago Verônica Feijoli , Moraes Miriam Santos , Adderley Jack , Doerig Christian , Palmisano Giuseppe , Llinas Manuel , Garcia Celia RS
Published: October 2024

Dynamic control of gene expression is critical for blood stage development of malaria parasites. Here, we used multi-omic analyses to investigate transcriptional regulation by the chromatin-associated microrchidia protein, MORC, during asexual blood stage development of the human malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum. We show that PfMORC (PF3D7_1468100) interacts with a suite of nuclear proteins, including APETALA2 (ApiAP2) transcription factors (PfAP2-G5, PfAP2-O5, PfAP2-I, PF3D7_0420300, PF3D7_0613800, PF3D7_1107800, and PF3D7_1239200), a DNA helicase DS60 (PF3D7_1227100), and other chromatin remodelers (PfCHD1 and PfEELM2). Transcriptomic analysis of PfMORCHA-glmS knockdown parasites revealed 163 differentially expressed genes belonging to hypervariable multigene families, along with upregulation of genes mostly involved in host cell invasion. In vivo genome-wide chromatin occupancy analysis during both trophozoite and schizont stages of development demonstrates that PfMORC is recruited to repressed, multigene families, including the var genes in subtelomeric chromosomal regions. Collectively, we find that PfMORC is found in chromatin complexes that play a role in the epigenetic control of asexual blood stage transcriptional regulation and chromatin organization.
Negative regulation of APC/C activation by MAPK-mediated attenuation of Cdc20Slp1 under stress
Authors: Sun Li , Chen Xuejin , Song Chunlin , Shi Wenjing , Liu Libo , Bai Shuang , Wang Xi , Chen Jiali , Jiang Chengyu , Wang Shuang-min , Luo Zhou-qing , Wang Ruiwen , Wang Yamei , Jin Quan-wen
Published: October 2024

Mitotic anaphase onset is a key cellular process tightly regulated by multiple kinases. The involvement of mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) in this process has been established in Xenopus egg extracts. However, the detailed regulatory cascade remains elusive, and it is also unknown whether the MAPK-dependent mitotic regulation is evolutionarily conserved in the single-cell eukaryotic organisms such as fission yeast (Schizosaccharomyces pombe). Here, we show that two MAPKs in S. pombe indeed act in concert to restrain anaphase-promoting complex/cyclosome (APC/C) activity upon activation of the spindle assembly checkpoint (SAC). One MAPK, Pmk1, binds to and phosphorylates Slp1Cdc20, the co-activator of APC/C. Phosphorylation of Slp1Cdc20 by Pmk1, but not by Cdk1, promotes its subsequent ubiquitylation and degradation. Intriguingly, Pmk1-mediated phosphorylation event is also required to sustain SAC under environmental stress. Thus, our study establishes a new underlying molecular mechanism of negative regulation of APC/C by MAPK upon stress stimuli, and provides a previously unappreciated framework for regulation of anaphase entry in eukaryotic cells.
Factors associated with quality of life among newly diagnosed acute ischemic stroke patients: a community-based case-control study
Authors: Abdulsalam Fatima Ibrahim , Somsri Prapatsorn , Papitak Piyapong , Tussanabunyong Kittipod , Chaveepojnkamjorn Wisit , Phoosuwan Nitikorn
Published: October 2024

Background

Stroke burden is expected to increase and surviving a bout of stroke may leave one with a chronic or disabling outcome decreasing significantly the quality of life of the sufferer. The study aimed to explore the association between quality of life (QoL) in stroke and non-stroke individuals in a predominantly agricultural community.

Method

A community-based case-control study was conducted among 154 cases aged 18 and 75 diagnosed with incident stroke. Controls were 554 non-stroke individuals (n = 554) recruited from a community where cases resided. Cases and controls were matched for age, gender and residential area. Using a self-reported questionnaire of the World Health Organization Quality of Life (WHOQOL-BREF), socio-demographic characteristics and lifestyle habits were measured in association with QoL. Statistical analyses included multivariable logistic regression models, adjusted odds ratio (aOR) and 95% confidence interval (CI).

Results

Significant predictors associated with low-medium QoL were having a larger waist circumference (aOR = 1.619, 95%CI [1.003–2.612]) and being a farmer (aOR = 2.976, 95%CI [1.143–7.750]) but having a current smoking habit and being male were at lesser odds with low-medium QoL (aOR = 0.381, 95%CI [0.191–0.757]) and (aOR = 0.564, 95%CI [0.323–0.985]) respectively. In all domains, women were at a higher risk of low-medium QoL while in physical health and environment domains, it was having a larger waist circumference. In both physical health and psychological domains, being married was protective to low-medium QoL so also being age 39 or younger and having a higher education in social relationship domain.

Conclusion

Waist circumference, occupation, smoking habit and gender are associated with low-medium QoL. Addressing the influence of such factors could create an additional therapeutic line in the primary prevention of stroke in at-risk populations.
Estimation methods for the variance of Birnbaum-Saunders distribution containing zero values with application to wind speed data in Thailand
Authors: Ratasukharom Natchaya , Niwitpong Sa-Aat , Niwitpong Suparat
Published: October 2024

Thailand is currently grappling with a severe problem of air pollution, especially from small particulate matter (PM), which poses considerable threats to public health. The speed of the wind is pivotal in spreading these harmful particles across the atmosphere. Given the inherently unpredictable wind speed behavior, our focus lies in establishing the confidence interval (CI) for the variance of wind speed data. To achieve this, we will employ the delta-Birnbaum-Saunders (delta-BirSau) distribution. This statistical model allows for analyzing wind speed data and offers valuable insights into its variability and potential implications for air quality. The intervals are derived from ten different methods: generalized confidence interval (GCI), bootstrap confidence interval (BCI), generalized fiducial confidence interval (GFCI), and normal approximation (NA). Specifically, we apply GCI, BCI, and GFCI while considering the estimation of the proportion of zeros using the variance stabilized transformation (VST), Wilson, and Hannig methods. To evaluate the performance of these methods, we conduct a simulation study using Monte Carlo simulations in the R statistical software. The study assesses the coverage probabilities and average widths of the proposed confidence intervals. The simulation results reveal that GFCI based on the Wilson method is optimal for small sample sizes, GFCI based on the Hannig method excels for medium sample sizes, and GFCI based on the VST method stands out for large sample sizes. To further validate the practical application of these methods, we employ daily wind speed data from an industrial area in Prachin Buri and Rayong provinces, Thailand.
Larval growth rate is not a major determinant of adult wing shape and eyespot size in the seasonally polyphenic butterfly Melanitis leda
Authors: Molleman Freerk , Moore M. Elizabeth , Halali Sridhar , Kodandaramaiah Ullasa , Halali Dheeraj , van Bergen Erik , Brakefield Paul M. , Oostra Vicencio
Published: October 2024

Background

Insects often show adaptive phenotypic plasticity where environmental cues during early stages are used to produce a phenotype that matches the environment experienced by adults. Many tropical satyrine butterflies (Nymphalidae: Satyrinae) are seasonally polyphenic and produce distinct wet- and dry-season form adults, providing tight environment-phenotype matching in seasonal environments. In studied Mycalesina butterflies, dry-season forms can be induced in the laboratory by growing larvae at low temperatures or on poor food quality. Since both these factors also tend to reduce larval growth rate, larval growth rate may be an internal cue that translates the environmental cues into the expression of phenotypes. If this is the case, we predict that slower-growing larvae would be more likely to develop a dry-season phenotype.

Methods

We performed the first experimental study on seasonal polyphenism of a butterfly in the tribe Melanitini. We measured both larval growth rate and adult phenotype (eyespot size and wing shape) of common evening brown butterflies (Melanitis leda), reared at various temperatures and on various host-plant species. We constructed provisional reaction norms, and tested the hypothesis that growth rate mediates between external cues and adult phenotype.

Results

Reaction norms were similar to those found in Mycalesina butterflies. We found that both among and within treatments, larvae with lower growth rates (low temperature, particular host plants) were more likely to develop dry-season phenotypes (small eyespots, falcate wing tips). However, among temperature treatments, similar growth rates could lead to very different wing phenotypes, and within treatments the relationships were weak. Moreover, males and females responded differently, and eyespot size and wing shape were not strongly correlated with each other. Overall, larval growth rate seems to be weakly related to eyespot size and wing shape, indicating that seasonal plasticity in M. leda is primarily mediated by other mechanisms.
Acute Post Streptococcal Glomerulonephritis with Persistent Hypertension in a Child of Holt-oram Syndrome: A Case Report
Authors: Garud Balkrushna , Chavan Sanjay , Salunkhe Shradha , Gupta Aryan , Mane Shailaja
Published: October 2024

Holt-Oram syndrome is a rare congenital autosomal dominant disorder caused by a mutation in the TBX5 gene. It is characterised by upper limb abnormalities and congenital heart lesions, such as Atrial Septal Defect (ASD), typically affecting children. In this case, a sixyear-old boy presented with facial puffiness and decreased urine output following an upper respiratory infection. Upon examination, he was found to have Holt-Oram syndrome, a rare genetic disorder characterised by abnormalities in the bones of the upper limbs and congenital heart defects. He developed acute Post Streptococcal Glomerulonephritis (PSGN) following a streptococcal infection, resulting in persistent hypertension. Each condition independently poses significant health challenges, and their simultaneous occurrence complicates the clinical picture considerably. Following detailed investigations and management, the child required continued treatment with two antihypertensive medications upon discharge. The need for dual therapy in a paediatric patient highlights the severity of his condition and the challenges in managing it effectively. Close follow-up is essential to monitor disease progression and ensure optimal outcomes. This case features both a genetic disorder (Holt-Oram syndrome due to a TBX5 gene mutation) and an immune-mediated renal disease (PSGN), representing a rare intersection of genetic and postinfectious pathologies. The co-existence of these two conditions is unusual and complicates the clinical picture, necessitating a tailored approach to management. This case underscores the need for a multidisciplinary approach involving cardiology, nephrology, and genetics. Coordinated care is crucial for monitoring disease progression, managing complications, and ensuring comprehensive treatment.
Development and Validation of an Instrument for Upper Cross Syndrome: A Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Chaudhuri Sharmila , Gupta Meena , Phadke Vandana , Chawla Jasmine Kaur
Published: October 2024

Introduction: A sedentary lifestyle causes muscular imbalances and may lead to upper cross syndrome. This syndrome occurs due to the muscular imbalance of tonic and phasic muscles. If left unidentified for long duration can lead to secondary complications. There is a paucity of reliable and valid tools to identify this syndrome. Aim: To develop a valid and reliable tool to identify upper cross syndrome. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted at the Amity Institute of Health Allied Sciences, Department of Physiotherapy, Amity University, Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India, from November 2023 to March 2024. The instrument for upper cross syndrome is a self-designed tool. After an extensive literature review and focus group discussions, items were identified, and rounds of Delphi were held until an agreement was reached. The psychometric properties of the instrument were assessed by content validity, construct validity, and reliability. The instrument was tested on 240 patients with upper cross syndrome. Statistical analysis for construct validity was done by exploratory factor method with principal component analysis and varimax rotation. Test-retest reliability and Cronbach’s alpha were calculated for reliability analysis. Results: The final version of the draft consisted of 20 items with satisfactory item-level Content Validity Index (I-CVI≥0.78) and scale-level Content Validity Index (S-CVI=0.90). Seven domains were identified, including postural alignment, movement patterns, muscle imbalance, joint dysfunction, pain, functional limitations, and psychosocial factors, with a total variance of 60.11% and good internal consistency (Cronbach’s alpha=0.81). Conclusion: This work contributes to the development of a novel, valid, and reliable technique for the identification of upper cross syndrome. Healthcare providers will find this tool useful in promoting health and creating an early rehabilitation plan, both of which will aid in the prevention of subsequent complications.
Outcome of Phacoemulsification Cataract Surgery in Complicated Cataract Due to Uveitis
Authors: Sultana Dr. Shamima , Ferdous Dr. Jannatul , Ghulam Rasul Prof. Dr. Mohammad , Akhter Dr. Md. Shahin , Ashaduzzaman Dr. Md.
Published: October 2024

Background: Surgical removal of cataractous lens is the only of treatment of cataract irrespective of etiology. Phacoemulsification is a modern cataract surgery in which the eyes internal lens is emulsified with an ultrasonic hand-piece and aspirated from the eye. Complicated cataract due to anterior uveitis has difference in morphology and outcome from that of age-related cataract variety. Aim of the study: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the outcome of phacoemulsification in complicated cataract due to uveitis. Methods: This prospective observational cross-sectional study conducted in cataract clinic of National Institute of Ophthalmology & Hospital, Dhaka, Bangladesh, from September 2018 to March 2019. Sample was selected by purposive sampling technique. Total 50 patients suffering from complicated cataract due to uveitis were included according to selection criteria. Data were gathered from the informant and recorded in a structured case report format. Clinical examination and relevant investigation were done meticulously. All acquired data was entered into a Microsoft Excel Work Sheet and analyzed using descriptive statistics in SPSS 24.0. Results: In this study, the maximum number of patients 18(36.0%) were 51-60 years age group, mean age of the patient was 52.7±6.37 years. Male to female ratio was 1:1.17. Postoperative best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) was better progressively and reached significance difference (P<0.05). Astigmatism was measured in different follow up time. There was significant difference (p< 0.05) present in all post-operative days. In time wise comparison revealed, there was also significant difference in between 1st postoperative day and 30th postoperative day but no significance was present between 30th postoperative day and 180th postoperative day (P= 0.161). In this study postoperative complications included posterior capsule opacification (55.5%), posterior synechiae (11.1%), cystoid macular edema (22.2%) & glaucoma (11.1%). Conclusion: Present study concluded that phacoemulsification is safer for the uveitic cataract as less inflammation is induced than that by a manual extracapsular cataract extraction. In order to optimize the postoperative outcome of uveitic cataract surgery, it is necessary to be meticulous and thorough.
A Study On The Screening Of Congenital Heart Disease Using Pulse Oximetry In Asymptomatic Newborns Delivered In Tertiary Care Centre
Authors: Dzuvichu Petevihu , Golmei Namganglung , Jimo Likta N , Singh Ch. Shyamsunder , Singh Ch. Pritamkumar
Published: October 2024

Introduction: Congenital Heart Disease is the most common congenital abnormality in newborns and has been recognized as one of the leading causes of death in the first year of life. The global incidence of CHD is estimated at 8 per 1000 live births. Using pulse oximetry critical and many of the asymptomatic CHD can be identified in the immediate post natal period. This strategy will help in early identification and its intervention. Objective: To assess the effectiveness of pulse oximetry as a screening tool for detection of CHD in asymptomatic newborn. Methods: It was a Hospital based Cross sectional study conducted in the Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, in collaboration with the Department of Paediatrics, of a tertiary hospital in North Eastern State from May 2022 to April 2024. Results: The mean birth weights of the neonates were2.93±0.29 Kg and the mean gestational age was 37.74±1.56 weeks. 4% of all neonates screened with pulse oximetry showed positive result. Among them 4 (2%) neonate were diagnosed with CHD. Out of the 4 neonates diagnosed with CHD, 3 were diagnosed with VSD and 1 with PDA. Conclusion: Eight (8) i.e 4% of the neonates were screened with positive pulse oximetry and out of which four (4) were diagnosed with CHD. Proportion of neonates who were screened positive in pulse oximetry with positive echocardiographic findings were significantly higher than those who screened negative (p value <0.001). Therefore, the pulse oximetry screening for detection of CHD among asymptomatic neonates in our study showed a moderate sensitivity (75%), high specificity (97.4%) and negative predictive value (99.47%) and a reasonably low positive predictive value (37.5%), respectively
Nuclear Reactors
Authors: Holbert Keith E.
Published: September 2017

Controlled chain reactions involving neutrons and a heavy element such as uranium take place in nuclear reactors. Neutrons are typically absorbed in nuclei of uranium‐235 or plutonium‐239. These nuclei split, releasing typically two fission fragment nuclei and several fast neutrons. Some of these neutrons cause fission in other uranium nuclei in a sequence of events called neutron multiplication. The fission fragments are stopped within the nuclear fuel, where their kinetic energy becomes thermal energy. The thermal energy is removed by a cooling agent and converted into electrical energy in a turbine generator system. Many of the fission fragments are radioactive, releasing radiation and decay heat. Some of the radioactive materials have useful purposes; others form nuclear waste.

Reactors used for power generation, either heat or electrical; propulsion, whether naval vessels or spacecraft; radioisotope production; materials testing; basic research; and training are discussed. The development of nuclear reactors is recounted, including information gleaned from the three principal nuclear power plant accidents. Safety, security, and environmental aspects are also discussed.
Polyureas
Authors: Pires Rita F. , Bonifácio Vasco D. B.
Published: September 2017

Polyurea and its copolymers are a versatile class of materials with many industrial applications. Over the years, the synthesis of linear, hyperbranched, and dendritic polyureas has been improved through the introduction of safe and green polymerization strategies, thus avoiding the use of shock sensitive and highly toxic intermediates. Polyureas are used in such industrial products as lacquers, varnishes, and coatings; moreover, owing to their biocompatibility and excellent mechanical properties, polyureas are also used in biomedical devices, and more recently, hyperbranched and dendritic polyureas find applications in the fields of nanomedicine and solar energy.