bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Comparison of the mechanisms of action of antidepressants and their side effects
Authors: Wasielewska Magdalena
Published: September 2020

Introduction: There are 4 groups of LPs divided according to the mechanism of action. They act on the brain by modulating monoaminergic systems, causing a series of side effects such as insomnia, sedation, anxiety, and a problem of a sexual nature. By appropriately selecting the drug and its dose, the negative effects of the therapy can be avoided.Aim : Comparison of the mode of action of a drug from a given group of antidepressants and description of its side effects.State of knowledge : An example from the first group of drugs with a receptor mechanism of action is trazodone - it acts on many receptors. The combined effect of the drug on all three receptors will significantly improve sleep in all its phases. It is as effective a drug as TLPD, and due to the lack of anticholinergic and cardiotoxic effects, it has a better tolerance and safety profile. It works quickly and improves sleep parameters, which is responsible for faster improvement of the patient's mental state. An example of a drug from the second group of drugs with a different mechanism of action is agomelatine. It is a synthetic analog of melatonin. The simultaneous agonist action on one receptors and antagonist action on the other causes a number of changes in the CNS, which are responsible for the antidepressant effect. The effects of the treatment can be seen after 2 weeks of use. The drug of the third groupneurotransmitter reuptake inhibitorsthere is bupropion. It intensifies the dopaminergic transmission. It does not disturb the sexual sphere, but increases insomnia as a side effect.Summary : By selecting the appropriate LP and its dose, side effects can be avoided.
Conceptual fundamentals of ecological tourism development in Ukraine
Authors: Kiselyov Y. O. , Adamenko M. I. , Rudy R. M.
Published: September 2020

The article covers elaborating the conceptual framework of the development of ecological tourism. The work expounds the notion and principles of ecotourism adopted in accordance with international agreements, and evolves the criteria of an ecotourism offer. The proposed wording of the modern concept of ecotourism implies ecological educating the participants of ecotourism activities and local residents and is aimed at attaining the socio-economic objectives on condition that the natural and cultural heritage is preserved for future generations. The national experience and the features of developing ecotourism in Belarus are analyzed, including the analysis of ecotourism in protected areas, agritourism, and greenways. The most significant socio-economic aspects of the growth of ecological tourism are produced.
Congenital Abnormalities of the Temporomandibular Joint - single conditions
Authors: Stangret Anna , Mularczyk Agata , Szczęśniak Angelika , Topczewska Katarzyna , Rogulska Karolina
Published: September 2020

Temporomandibular joint (TMJ), due to its morphological structure, is a bicondylar joint, coupled in every movement. Intensive development of TMJ occurs in the early fetal period. Diseases of the temporomandibular joints differ in etiology and symptoms. The dysfunction of temporomandibular joint may lead to many problems connected with disorders of masseter muscles and bones building this joint and tissues around it. The aim of these studies is to describe several congenital abnormalities of the temporomandibular joint. Congenital deformities of the temporomandibular joint complex can present as a growth of mandible disturbances. They can occur as single condition characterized by hyperplasia or hypoplasia of joint structures. In extreme cases it can occure as agenesis, which is lack of formation. Tempotomandibular joint may be also affected by fibrous dysplasia, form of hyperplasia. They can also occur as a complex symptom with congenital mandible deformity, what can cause the problems with correct diagnosis. Temporomandibular joint disorders constitute a significant percentage of the viscerocranium diseases. All disorders occurring within these structures are usually associated with severe pain and significant discomfort. In dental practice, it is important to know in detail the symptoms associated with diseases of temporomandibular joint and also differentiate single conditions and complex symptoms.
Withania somnifera (Ashwagandha) a plant of many possibilities
Authors: Czyżewska Izabela , Jarosz Piotr Michał , Wiśniewska Patrycja
Published: September 2020

Ashwagandha (Withania somnifera) has been long used in the traditional Ayurvedic system of medicine to enhance various kinds of disease processes and specially as a nervine tonic. Nowadays, its beneficial activities are still being searched.
The risk of developing psoriasis in alcohol-dependent patients and possible therapeutic strategies
Authors: Dudek Iga , Sokół Dorota , Skubel Tomasz , Dobrzyński Michał , Drozd Małgorzata , Czarnota Jakub , Forma Alicja , Piecewicz-Szczęsna Halina
Published: September 2020

Excessive alcohol consumption significantly contributes to the damage of the nervous, cardiovascular and digestive systems. According to the latest scientific reports, excessive ethanol consumption might also contribute to an increased risk of developing skin diseases such as rosacea, porphyria cutanea tarda or psoriasis. The risk of developing psoriasis in alcohol-dependent patients is estimated at 3.1-3.4%. Among these people, in addition to the use of traditional therapeutic strategies, therapy with drugs acting on the neurotransmitter systems may constitute a potential treatment. Chronic alcohol consumption increases the activation of T lymphocytes as well as the level of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and also stimulates the excessive proliferation of keratinocytes. These factors dysregulate the immune system, predisposing to the risk of developing psoriasis. Alcohol also interferes with signaling through neurotransmission affecting dopaminergic and serotonergic systems, which may affect the immune processes in the pathogenesis of psoriasis. The results of the research showed that the daily consumption of alcohol in an amount greater than 80 grams significantly reduces the effectiveness of treatment in psoriatic patients. Moreover, traditional drugs used in the course of psoriasis (retinoids, methotrexate, cyclosporine) may show reduced activity or even lead to toxic side effects (liver fibrosis) if alcohol is not discontinued during therapy. Treatment of psoriatic patients and coexisting alcohol dependence is a separate therapeutic problem. In addition to traditional methods, drugs that affect the neurotransmitter system may become a chance, mainly due to the influence of alcohol on these systems and modulation of the immune response, which is important in the development of psoriasis.
Information and communication management in university (on the example of the National University of Ostroh Academy and Silesian University in Katowice)
Authors: Khodachuk Yana , Maslova Yuliia
Published: September 2020

The article deals with theoretical issues of information and communication management of the university. The role and impact of information and communication management on universities have been analyzed and researched on the example of Ostroh National University and Silesian University in Katowice. They are comparing the results obtained and making recommendations for improving the information and communication sphere in the universities.
Acetazolamide in prevention of altitude disease
Authors: Choroszewicz Paweł , Dobosiewicz Anna Maria , Badiuk Nataliia
Published: September 2020

Mountain climbing is associated with many risky, life-threatening situations. One of the most common attacking diseases at altitudes above 2500 m is altitude disease (HAI). This disease consists of: acute alpine disease, cerebral oedema and pulmonary oedema at altitude.

The best way to prevent altitude diseases is by means of alcomatisation and slow increase in altitude. Climbers should follow the principle "climb high, sleep low". Sometimes, however, time or inability to descend do not allow for acclimatization. In such conditions, it is necessary to use pharmaceuticals that prevent the occurrence of an illness of altitude.

The following article discusses research on the most commonly used drug in the prevention of acute mountain disease - acetazolamide. This drug was first used in the 60s of the XX century, demonstrating its effectiveness in the prevention of mountain disease. Since then, it has been the subject of many studies.
Treatment of primary obstructive megaureter in children using minimally invasive technologies
Authors: Svekatun V. , Dmitryakov V.
Published: September 2020

Introduction. The final formation of the child's functional systems completed during postnatal ontogeny. To create optimal conditions for the functioning of the body is necessary either to decrease the level of functional requirements to the immature system, or the creation of new operating conditions under which the extended maturation time factor.

Relevance. Currently, the most common treatment for obstructive uropathies is surgical treatment. To create optimal conditions for the functioning of the body, it is necessary either to reduce the level of requirements for an immature functional system, or to create new functioning conditions under which the ripening time factor is extended.

Objective: Rationale and introduction of minimally invasive endoscopic draining techniques aimed at restoring urodynamics by using a PVC intraluminal drainage (stent).

Materials and methods. The possibility of stenting with determination of the size of the ureteric orifice was investigated. The study involved 32 children aged from birth to three years. A retrospective analysis of previously treated 41 patients with obstructive ureterohydronephrosis was performed.

Results. The study found that the optimal age for endoscopic correction of the intramural ureter is up to 3 months of life, when telescopic bougienage with dilation of the intramural compartment of the compromised ureter can be performed with calibration of the ureteric orifice and stent of the ureter with a corresponding stent.

Retrospective analysis of previously treated patients allowed us to determine the same dependence. Thus, out of 41 patients with obstructive ureterohydronephrosis positive result was achieved in 29 children (70.73%) up to 1 year and 6 (14.63%) over 1 year. The impossibility of performing endoscopic correction of the orifice and stenting of the ureters in the age group up to 1 year was noted only in 1 patient (2.43%), whereas in the group from 1 year to 3 years - in 5 patients (12.19%).

Conclusions. The proposed tactics of treatment of obstructive uropathy in children has advantages in terms of open surgical techniques in the technical simplicity, minimally invasive, maximum physiological, reducing the incidence of postoperative complications. It should be remembered that the effectiveness of endoscopic stenting of the lower parts of the ureter depends on the age of the child.
Reducing Delay in Retrial Queues by Simultaneously Differentiating Service and Retrial Rates
Authors: Wang Jinting , Wang Zhongbin , Liu Yunan
Published: September 2020

Customer retrials commonly occur in many service systems, such as healthcare, call centers, mobile networks, computer systems, and inventory systems. However, because of their complex nature, retrial queues are often more difficult to analyze than queues without retrials. In “Reducing Delay in Retrial Queues by Simultaneously Differentiating Service and Retrial Rates”, J. Wang, Z. Wang, and Y. Liu develop a service grade differentiation policy for queueing models with customer retrials. They show that the average waiting time can be reduced through strategically allocating the rates of service and retrial times without needing additional service capacity. Counter to the intuition that higher service variability usually yields a larger delay, the authors show that the benefits of this simultaneous service-and-retrial differentiation (SSRD) policy outweigh the impact of the increased service variability. To validate the effectiveness of the new SSRD policy, the authors provide (i) conditions under which SSRD is more beneficial, (ii) closed-form expressions of the optimal policy, (iii) asymptotic reduction of customer delays when the system is in heavy traffic, and (iv) insightful observations/discussions and numerical results.
All change: assessing the impact of seasons on asthma management
Authors: Bostock Beverley
Published: September 2020

Beverley Bostock looks at how the changing weather may impact respiratory conditions
Short Communication: New record of wild banana (Musa balbisiana Colla) in West Kalimantan, Indonesia
Authors: SUNANDAR ARI
Published: September 2020

Sunandar A. 2017. Short Communication: New record of wild banana (Musa balbisiana Colla) in West Kalimantan, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 18: 1324-1330. Kalimantan Island (Indonesia) is part of the center of origin and diversity of wild bananas in Indo-Malesia region. West Kalimantan is one of province in Kalimantan Island. However, only a little information is available about diversity of wild bananas in West Kalimantan. The aims of this study were to study a possible new record of wild banana species in Nipah Panjang and Teluk Nibung Villages, Kubu Raya District and to describe its phenetic relationships among wild banana species based on morphological characters. By examination based on the morphological character, one species of wild banana was identified, i.e. Musa balbisiana found in Teluk Nibung Village (Local name: Pisang Klotok). However, we didnâ€™t found any wild bananas in Nipah Panjang Village. M. balbisiana was a new record in West Kalimantan. Previously, M. balbisiana is widely distributed only in Java and Sulawesi. M. balbisiana was found in roadsides or backyards of residents in Teluk Nibung Village. Dendrogram of phenetic relationship showed that M. balbisiana from West Kalimantan had similarity with M. balbisiana from Sulawesi with coefficient of similarity 80%.
Short Communication: Lack of differentiation within the bigeye tuna population of Indonesia
Authors: PERTIWI NI PUTU DIAN , NUGRAHA BUDI , SULISTYANINGSIH RIRIK KARTIKA , JATMIKO IRWAN , SEMBIRING ANDRIANUS , MAHARDINI ANGKA , CAHYANI NI KADEK DITA , ANGGORO AJI WAHYU , MADDUPPA HAWIS H. , BARBER PAUL H. , MAHARDIKA GUSTI NGURAH
Published: September 2020

Pertiwi NPD, Nugraha B, Kartika R, Sulistyaningsih RK, Jatmiko I, Sembiring A, Mahardini A, Cahyani NKD, Anggoro AW, Madduppa HH, Ambariyanto A, Barber PH, Mahardika GN. 2017. Short Communication: Lack of differentiation within the bigeye tuna population of Indonesia. Biodiversitas 18: 1406-1413. All highly migratory tuna and tuna-like species have vast feeding grounds and spawning grounds. Indonesiaâ€™s tuna catch is the largest in the world. However, genetic diversity in the population structure within particular tuna species in Indonesia is very limited. Here we provide genetic data for bigeye tuna (Thunnus obesus) covering fishing grounds and local fish markets throughout Indonesia. A fragment of mitochondrial DNA in the D-loop control region was amplified from samples collected across Indonesia in the biennium 2012-2013. The results showed high haplotype diversity and low nucleotide diversity in our samples. Little differentiation occured between the eleven diverse sampling locations, nor was any separation detected between general regions of Indonesia, nor between samples from fishing grounds and samples from fish markets.
Quantum dot mode-locked frequency comb with ultra-stable 25.5  GHz spacing between 20°C and 120°C
Authors: Pan Shujie , Huang Jianou , Zhou Zichuan , Liu Zhixin , Ponnampalam Lalitha , Liu Zizhuo , Tang Mingchu , Lo Mu-Chieh , Cao Zizheng , Nishi Kenichi , Takemasa Keizo , Sugawara Mitsuru , Penty Richard , White Ian , Seeds Alwyn , Liu Huiyun , Chen Siming
Published: September 2020

Semiconductor mode-locked lasers (MLLs) are promising frequency comb sources for dense wavelength-division-multiplexing (DWDM) data communications. Practical data communication requires a frequency-stable comb source in a temperature-varying environment and a minimum tone spacing of 25 GHz to support high-speed DWDM transmissions. To the best of our knowledge, however, to date, there have been no demonstrations of comb sources that simultaneously offer a high repetition rate and stable mode spacing over an ultrawide temperature range. Here, we report a frequency comb source based on a quantum dot (QD) MLL that generates a frequency comb with stable mode spacing over an ultrabroad temperature range of 20–120°C. The two-section passively mode-locked InAs QD MLL comb source produces an ultra-stable fundamental repetition rate of 25.5 GHz (corresponding to a 25.5 GHz spacing between adjacent tones in the frequency domain) with a variation of 0.07 GHz in the tone spacing over the tested temperature range. By keeping the saturable absorber reversely biased at

−
2
  
V

, stable mode-locking over the whole temperature range can be achieved by tuning the current of the gain section only, providing easy control of the device. At an elevated temperature of 100°C, the device shows a 6 dB comb bandwidth of 4.81 nm and 31 tones with

>
36
  
dB

optical signal-to-noise ratio. The corresponding relative intensity noise, averaged between 0.5 GHz and 10 GHz, is

−
146
  
dBc
/
Hz

. Our results show the viability of the InAs QD MLLs as ultra-stable, uncooled frequency comb sources for low-cost, large-bandwidth, and low-energy-consumption optical data communications.
Engineering a light–matter strong coupling regime in perovskite-based plasmonic metasurface: quasi-bound state in the continuum and exceptional points
Authors: Lu Leran , Le-Van Quynh , Ferrier Lydie , Drouard Emmanuel , Seassal Christian , Nguyen Hai Son
Published: September 2020

We present theoretically the formation of exciton–photon polaritons and exciton-surface plasmon polaritons in a perovskite-based subwavelength lattice on the metallic plane. It is shown that the later polaritons will be achieved as the perovskite layer is ultra-thin (

<
50
  
nm

), while the co-existence of both polaritons will dominate, as the thickness of the perovskite metasurface approaches wavelength-scale. In the two cases, the lower polaritonic branches consist of dark and bright modes corresponding to infinite and finite radiative quality factors, respectively. Another salient property in this work is that it allows one to obtain exceptional points (EPs) in momentum space with a four-fold enhancement of local density of states through engineering the perovskite metasurface. Our findings show that the perovskite metasurface is an attractive and rich platform to make polaritonic devices, even with the presence of a lossy metallic layer.
America in the Round: Capital, Race, and Nation at Washington, DC’s Arena Stage, Donatella Galella (2019)
Authors: Gelles Barrie
Published: September 2020

Review of: America in the Round: Capital, Race, and Nation at Washington, DC’s Arena Stage, Donatella Galella (2019)

Iowa City, IA: University of Iowa Press, ix + 303 pp.,

ISBN 978-1-60938-625-2, p/bk, $99.00
The Movie Musical!, Jeanine Basinger (2019)
Authors: Block Geoffrey
Published: September 2020

Review of: The Movie Musical!, Jeanine Basinger (2019)

New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 634 pp.,

ISBN 978-1-10187-406-6, h/bk, $45.00
CURRENT APPROACH TO ACUTE APENDICITIS: A CASE REPORT
Authors: Sá George Wallisson Severo de , Batista Hermes Melo  Teixeira , Rolim Francisco Felippe
Published: September 2020

Abstract: Acute appendicitis is one of the most common surgical emergencies. It may have complications such as abscess, rupture, phlegmon. It affects more men. The diagnosis is eminently clinical and complementary exams may be used for doubtful or complicated cases. Abdominal computed tomography is the main complementary exam. As for treatment, there are three approaches, the first conservative with antibiotics; the second, which consists of appendectomy; and the third, which consists of initial conservative treatment, the second with interval appendectomy. Laparoscopic appendectomy has stood out with greater emphasis on treating complicated appendicitis due to better postoperative outcomes and lower complication rate. Keywords: 1. Appendicitis; 2. Laparoscopy; 3.Interval Appendicectomy 4. Phlegmon.
Truth and Consequences
Authors: Miley Mike
Published: September 2020

Truth and Consequences interrogates the ways in which over two dozen works of fiction and film find meaning in the game show. Writers and filmmakers use the game show intermedially as a metaphor for what it means to be a person, a lover, a family, and a citizen in the media age. Despite media culture’s promises of global equality and connectivity (and one’s efforts to realize that promise), individuals wind up isolated by market-driven deception, wealth, or ethnicity. People use media to achieve greater intimacy with others, but the market nudges them to keep their distance from each other in the name of exploring options. Other networks can still assert themselves, such as the family, but can only sustain themselves if they openly defy and rewrite the rules of the media culture they inhabit. Although America espouses a commitment to democratic freedom, the state partners with imagemakers to make one’s lack of choice entertaining and resistance self-defeating. Amidst these obstacles, Americans still feel called upon to remember, to connect, to buzz in, to answer in the hopes that an escape awaits in the next round, behind the next door.
Fun Home and Are You My Mother? As Autotopography
Authors: Kelp-Stebbins Katherine
Published: September 2020

Utilizing Sara Ahmed’s Queer Phenomenology: Orientations, Objects, Others, this chapter examine how Alison Bechdel’s work mobilizes representational regimes to orient, disorient, and reorient the reader toward a politics of location. Interweaving comics and cartography, Fun Home and Are You My Mother? demonstrate how comics may be used to construct alternate maps for queer and feminist-oriented landscapes of the self. These works do not merely write the self, they locate the self, as a form of autotopography. The rhetorical power of comics as a visual medium is vested in the possibility for juxtaposing different representations of space within the same space of representation. Including maps in panels or as structuring elements of panels, Bechdel’s comics contextualize the map as but one representational apparatus, itself predicated upon numerous constituent techniques (such as gridding, perspective, toponyms, scale, etc.).
Animating Artifact Spirits in the 2.5-Dimensional World
Authors: Sugawa-Shimada Akiko
Published: September 2020

In Japanese folk belief, inanimate objects used for 100 years are believed to be granted a spirit. They are called tsukumogami, or artefact spirits. Through personification of the spirits in recent popular cultural products, the belief of tsukumogami has been popularized among young people who are unaware of the folk belief. One of the most popular works utilizing personified tsukumogami is Token Ranbu-ONLINE-, an online web browser (2015) and mobile game (2016). It has been adapted into 2.5-dimensional plays and musicals, anime works, and other media forms. The article explores how tsukumogami of Japanese swords are adapted in the media mix strategy of Token Ranbu. It argues that those adaptations serve to provide a spiritual site where Japanese folk beliefs can be traced. Through her study, the author also shows how Japanese folk beliefs (a mixture of Shintoism, Buddhism, and Chinese philosophies) are constructed, consumed, and used in Japan’s contemporary popular culture.
Heaven and Earth
Authors: Greenberg Raz
Published: September 2020

One of the most famous archetypes of heroines in Japanese anime is that of the magical girl—a girl who holds the dual identity of both an earthly being (usually a regular schoolgirl) and a heavenly being (a super-powered girl, usually on a mission against sinister beings). While seemingly corresponding with the Western genre of superheroes, and knowingly drawing inspiration from American fantasy sitcoms of the 1960s such as "Bewitched" and "I Dream of Jeannie", the roots of the magical girl genre go deeper into traditional Japanese culture (for example, the Taketori monogatari and goddess of creation, Izanami). The author traces the divide between the earthly and heavenly identities of many anime heroines by examining the major common elements found in three film genres—adventure (Hayao Miyazaki's 1986 film "Castle in the Sky"), science fiction (Mamoru Oshii's 1995 film "Ghost in the Shell"), and historical drama (Satoshi Kon's 2001 film "Millennium Actress").
Metanoia in Anime
Authors: Leskosky Richard J.
Published: September 2020

Through the concept of metanoia, this essay surveys examples of its occurrence in anime and suggests possible reasons for its relative frequency there. The author discusses the concept in his study of protagonist and antagonist characters, and the related concept of the story arc—revealing how a character changes over the course of the film and how the narrative plot is affected by the character’s transformation. The author particularly explores the varieties of rehabilitated antagonists in the context of Japanese anime and examines the literary and cultural antecedents for this sort of character and the character’s shifting moral stance. He also compares and contrasts them to the typical western character arcs and different hero-types featured in Hollywood films. The author concludes that the occurrence of metanoia in Japanese anime is influenced by Buddhist beliefs, for example, the concept of karma and subsequent changes of the spiritual identity of the character.
Interpretations and Thoughts of the Animated Self in Cowherd’s Flute
Authors: Hu Tze-yue G.
Published: September 2020

Existing published works on classic Chinese watercolor-and-ink animation (shuimo donghua) tend to focus on the propaganda-nationalistic aspects of its making. This essay, however, draws attention to the philosophical side of the story-telling images and narratives found principally in the animated works directed by the late animator, Te Wei (1915-2010), who was a founding member of the Shanghai Animation Studio. The animated work, Cowherd’s Flute (1963), is the main focus in this essay. The essay argues that the spiritual yoke of Te Wei’s watercolor-and-ink animation is profoundly Daoist, reflecting a traditional Chinese native philosophy in a subtle technological setting. It advances the view that such generic animation has rekindled a laden strand of Chinese heritage thought by giving life and movement to its aesthetic and philosophical elements. The author also theorizes the concept of the animated self in the light of the historical-political environment in which the animation was made.
The “Spiritual” Role of the Media? Heidi, Girl of the Alps in Japan and Korea
Authors: Park Giryung
Published: September 2020

This essay focuses on the TV animation Heidi, Girl of the Alps (1974). Made in Japan, it is the most famous international adaptation of the original novel Heidi by the Swiss writer Johanna Spyri. The novel has been translated into many languages and adapted into various media forms—including as a movie, play, animation feature film, television series, cartoon, and picture book. The author surveys the different characteristics and adaptations of the Japan-produced TV animation and its original book publication and argues that progressively, the animated version and its spirited contents have elevated the visual image of Heidi and its original publication. Through studying the audiences in Japan and Korea, the essay speculates on the “spiritual role of the media” in transcending cultural boundaries and discusses the resulting cultural energy that inspires audiences to seek the “spiritual” in connection with their attraction to the animated story.
Veiled Zen Journeys through Early Muromachi Flower-and-Bird Paintings
Authors: Ng Yuk Lan
Published: September 2020

This essay largely explores early Muromachi flower-and-bird painting in Zen monastic context and examines how these works convey symbolic connotations related to Zen (Chan) Buddhism. The development of Zen Buddhism in 13th century Japan not only paved the way for the flourishing of Gozan culture, but also contributed to vigorous cultural exchange between Japan and China in the Muromachi period. The author analyzes the spiritual insights of the Zen priest-painters and their productions, which are a combination of art and poetry. The religious meanings of the flower-and-bird motifs are investigated according to the artistic and literary traditions of that time. The influence of Zen on other Japanese art forms are just as salient and the author concludes that the later development of 2-D art and contemporary 3-D installations of Buddhist art shows the continual development of the Zen spiritual journey.
Shadows of the Sun
Authors: Ker Yin
Published: September 2020

An inscription on a Chinese statue of Amitabha dated 746 AD reads, “As a matter of general principle, the highest truth is devoid of any image. But if there were no image, there would be no possibility for truth to manifest itself. The highest principle is without words. But if there were no words, how could the principle be known?” From the point of view of an art historian and through the example of a short animated film proposal, this essay investigates the ways in which strategies specific to animation, such as narrativity, metaphorical potency, metamorphosis, and most importantly, the capacity to penetrate intangible dimensions, mitigate these challenges. The author argues that animation offers a more efficacious medium than static images and theory in evincing Buddhist dharma; namely, that in the process of depicting Buddhist thought and practice, both the activity and product of animation become sites of merit-making and means of spiritual transformation in themselves.
Southern Literature, Cold War Culture, and the Making of Modern America
Authors: Dominy Jordan J.
Published: September 2020

The formalized study of southern literature in the mid-twentieth century is an example of scholars formalizing the study of modernist aesthetics in order to suppress leftist politics and sentiments in literature and art. This formalized, institutional study was initiated in a climate in which intellectuals were under societal pressure, created by the Cold War, to praise literary and artistic production representative of American values. This even in southern literary studies occurred roughly at the same time that the United States sought to extoll the virtues of America’s free, democratic society abroad. In this manner, southern studies and American studies become two sides of the same coin. Intellectuals and writers that promoted American exceptionalism dealt with the rising Civil Rights Movement and the nation’s complicated history with race and poverty by casting the issues as moral rather than political problems that were distinctly southern and could therefore be corrected by drawing on “exceptional” southern values, such as tradition and honor. The result of such maneuvering is that over the course of the twentieth century, “south” becomes more than a geographical identity. Ultimately, “south” becomes a socio-political and cultural identity associated with modern conservatism with no geographical boundaries. Rather than a country divided into south and north, the United States is divided in the twenty-first century into red and blue states. The result of using southern literature to present southern values as appropriate, moderate values for the whole nation during the Cold War is to associate these values with nationalism and conservatism today.
American Canons, Southern Fiction, and the Institution of Literary Prizes
Authors: Dominy Jordan J.
Published: September 2020

This chapter examines Robert Penn Warren’s All the King’s Men and Ralph Ellison’s Invisible Man in the context of their winning of the Pulitzer Prize and the National Book Award, respectively. While considering the authors’ resistance to reading overt political commentary in their work, favoring a moral reading instead, the chapter argues that their insistence dovetails with the purpose of such large, national literary prizes: to reward works that best demonstrate the values important to the nation. Therefore, literary prizes such as the Pulitzer and National Book Award, as well as other cultural prizes (such as the Grammys, Academy Awards, Tonys, and Emmys) reveal themselves in the context of the Cold War to be awards that reinforce and reward correct ideological perspectives in the guise of good, democratic art.
Destructive Villain or Gigantic Hero?
Authors: Danter Stefan
Published: September 2020

In “Caligari,” reprinted from Siegfried Kracauer’s hugely influential monograph From Caligari to Hitler: A Psychological History of German Film, Kracauer details the history of The Cabinet of Dr. Caligari, the German Expressionist masterpiece that established the cinematic template for the “mad scientist” character trope. In particular, Kracauer outlines the process by which “a revolutionary film was thus turned into a conformist one,” both presaging and helping to pave the way, in his estimation, for rise of the Third Reich.
Making America Great Again, You Foolsssss
Authors: Stevens J. Richard
Published: September 2020

This essay follows author Cunningham’s discussion of his experience growing up an African American fan of comics who found not only a dearth of superheroes that looked like him, but also a corresponding absence of black supervillains. The distinction here between villain and supervillain, and how that distinction maps over racial representation, is particularly important.
Where Did Superman’s White Hat Go?
Authors: Phillips W. D.
Published: September 2020

This essay gives an engagement with Japanese manga and anime through Noriko Reider’s discussion of changing representations of oni, or demonic characters from different dimensions that provide a complex array of challenges and opportunities for the protagonists with whom they interact. The oni have their roots in Buddhist myths of supernatural beings who come from hell to terrify wicked mortals.
The Comic Sensibility
Authors: Cole Jean Lee
Published: September 2020

In How the Other Half Lives, Jacob Riis sentimentalized the urban poor, a familiar rhetorical and representational strategy used to elicit righteous outrage that would propel social reform. Others took a different approach. Based in bodily forms of humor in all its crass vulgarity, the comic sensibility cultivated camaraderie and solidarity among members of the Other Half, rather than uniting the elite on their behalf. The multivalent, public laughter effected by the comic sensibility enabled its audience to laugh on their own terms, and thus become co-creators of meaning. As we see in examples including Rudolph Dirks’s Katzenjammer Kids comic strip and the story “Ingratitude of Rosenfeld” by Bruno Lessing, illustrated by William Glackens, the comic sensibility provided an alternative to realist approaches like that used by Riis, which depicted the Other Half as sentimentalized objects of pity, as faceless hordes, or both.
The Black Comic Sensibility
Authors: Cole Jean Lee
Published: September 2020

African Americans, by and large, were largely excluded from the empowering forms of the comic sensibility. Yet the works of George Herriman and James “Jimmy” Swinnerton display a distinctly black comic sensibility that drew on visual and literary conventions originating in the minstrel tradition and further developed and replicated in burlesque and vaudeville. Focusing on Swinnerton’s Sam and His Laugh (1905—1906) and Herriman’s strips depicting black boxers Jack Johnson and Sam Langford, this chapter shows how these two artists multiplied irony through a sensitive awareness and exploitation of DuBoisian double-consciousness, making their readers laugh even as they deftly undercut white supremacist attitudes.
Learning the Game
Authors: Mazer Sharon
Published: September 2020

To learn the game, an aspiring professional wrestler at the Johnny Rodz Unpredictable School of Professional Wrestling must do more than acquire athletic and performative skills. He must also assimilate masculine codes of behaviour to earn the right to enter and perform in the squared circle. Learning the game is an often brutal reality check, an enforced encounter with one’s own physical, intellectual, and emotional limitations experienced through the tedium of repetitive practice and the volatility of other men. It is an exercise in managing the self, as much about learning to submit as it is about dominating, and about learning to accept the demand that one lose as it is about enjoying the pleasure of winning, or at least the appearance of winning. As with many other masculine rites of passage, it is ironic that to prove their manhood wrestlers must first surrender it to the others.
Interview with G. Willow Wilson
Authors: Mir Shabana
Published: September 2020

This interview with G. Willow Wilson explores Wilson’s perspective on Ms. Marvel as a diverse character—a diverse South Asian Muslim teen female character who happens to be a polymorph—in this historical political moment, as well as in the context of the history of comic books. Wilson and Mir also discuss comic book markets, shifts in readerships, and the future of comic books. The character and story of Ms. Marvel as a Muslim American teen help readers reflect on contemporary public political discourse.
Convergence of Rhetoric, Labour, and Play in the Construction of Inactive Discourses on Twitch
Authors: Catá Alexandra S.
Published: September 2020

Twitch is a complex space that involves both laborious play and “playbour” through the commodification of streamers time and the gamification of streamer interaction through emotes and bits. As a result, this creates a rhetorical space where celebrity, race, and gender are tension points that reflect disproportionate power structures on Twitch. Coupled with the fact that Twitch also functions as the main broadcast platform for esports tournaments, understanding how streamers rhetorically position themselves and interact with audiences as content creators, streamers, celebrities, and, for some, esports athletes it is important as video games increasingly become a mainstream form of entertainment. In addition to examining streamers, we also need to understand how average audiences, both casual, non-competitive gamers, and mainstream audiences will consume and react to streamer discussions and discourse and how that impacts attitudes in the community, particularly in relation to toxicity towards minorities. My paper uses Tyler “Ninja” Belvin’s statement “I don’t play with female gamers” (Frank 2018) as a rhetorical case study for examining rhetorical power, celebrity, and privilege on Twitch. I ultimately argue that Twitch is a site of laborious play and “playbour” that perpetually remains socially inactive in supporting and accepting minorities on the platform. To support this argument, I use Carolyn Miller’s “Genre as Social Action” (1984) to situate the rhetorics around this situation using her features (context, recursive patterns, discourse, mediation, and exigence) to analyse two interviews with Ninja, labour and commodification structures on Twitch, and Twitch chat. Through these, I identify the rhetorical implications of Ninja’s statements, how it affects the Twitch gaming community, and reveal a complex power structure that ultimately fails to acknowledge the streamers’ rhetorical power and influence while continuing to perpetuate toxic gaming attitudes towards minorities.
Analisis Faktor Yang Berhubungan dengan Kepuasan Ibu Hamil terhadap Kualitas Pelayanan Kelas Ibu Hamil di Kota Semarang
Authors: Murti Nurani Hari , Widjanarko Bagoes , Rahfiludin M. Zen
Published: September 2020

Pencapaian tujuan pelaksanaan Kelas Ibu Hamil dalam rangka menurunkan AKI secara bermakna dengan deteksi dini dan penanganan ibu hamil berisiko belum tercapai yang mengindikasikan bahwa kualitas pelayanan yang masih rendah dan berdampak pada ketidakpuasan terhadap pelayanan di kelas ibu hamil. Gambaran ketidakpuasan meliputi rendahnya kunjungan di kelas ibu hamil (20,37%), ketidakpuasan disebabkan oleh faktor akses, lokasi, fasilitas, kenyamanan dan kurangnya pemberian informasi. Dari studi pendahuluan terhadap 15 peserta kelas ibu hamil sebanyak 67% menyatakan tidak puas dan 33% puas. Pengukuran faktor-faktor yang berhubungan dengan kepuasan ibu hamil penting dilakukan sebagai bahan perbaikan berkesinambungan terhadap kualitas pelayanan di kelas ibu hamil.Tujuan penelitian menganalisis faktor yang berhubungan dengan kepuasan ibu hamil terhadap kualitas pelayanan kelas ibu hamil di Kota Semarang. Rancangan penelitian observasional analitik cross sectional dengan sampel 160 responden perwakilan dari 16 kecamatan di Kota Semarang. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan variabel yang berhubungan dengan kepuasan ibu hamil berdasarkan uji Chi-Square yaitu fasilitas (nilai p=0,000),lokasi (nilai p=0,003),pendidikan (nilai p=0,000) dan pekerjaan (nilai p=0,001). Sedangkan variabel yang tidak berhubungan adalah umur (nilai p=0,929),penghasilan (nilai p=1,0),jumlah hamil (nilai p=1,0),usia hamil (nilai p=0,138). Analisis multivariat regresi logistik yaitu faktor yang berhubungan dengan kepuasan ibu hamil adalah fasilitas (nilai p=0,004 dan OR=2,937) dan lokasi (nilai p=0,007 dan OR=2,773) dengan nilai probabilitas 85%.Saran untuk meningkatkan kepuasan ibu hamil terhadap pelayanan di kelas ibu hamil adalah meningkatkan fasilitas, ketrampilan petugas kesehatan, promosi dan sosialisasi melalui media, partisipasi aktif peserta kelas melalui pembentukan kepengurusan kelas, koordinasi penentuan lokasi kelas ibu hamil dengan sistem mikrosimulasi dan kerjasama interprofesi tenaga kesehatan serta pelibatan institusi pendidikan kesehatan.
Pengaruh Kualitas Pelayanan Kesehatan Gigi dan Mulut terhadap Kepuasan Pasien di Poliklinik Gigi RSI Sultan Agung Semarang
Authors: Ladytama Rr. Sarah , Sugiarto J. , Sudiro Sudiro
Published: September 2020

Rumah sakit dinyatakan berhasil, tidak hanya pada kelengkapan fasilitas yang diunggulkan, melainkan juga pada sikap dan layanan sumberdaya manusia. Pemenuhan kebutuhan pasien, pelayanan prima menjadi tuntutan utama dalam pelayanan di rumah sakit. Kesehatan gigi dan mulut tidak terkecuali, karena merupakan bagian yang tidak terpisahkan dari pelayanan kesehatan masyarakat di setiap rumah sakit. Pelayanan kesehatan yang bermutu merupakan pelayanan kesehatan seharusnya dilaksanakan secara bertanggung jawab, aman, bermutu serta merata dan non diskriminatif.Poligigi RSI Sultan Agung Semarang memiliki pelayanan gigi yang lengkap dengan dokter-dokter gigi spesialis yang berkompetensi dibidangnya, tetapi faktanya pelayanan masih belum optimal dikarenakan masih terdapat beberapa keluhan dari pasien, seperti antri menunggu dokter yang lama, dokter sudah datang namun masih harus menunggu, tidak segera mendapatkan pelayanan, jumlah kunjungan yang dibatasi, letak pendaftaran dan poli gigi yang dirasakan jauh.Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian non eksperimental (observational) kuantitatif dengan pendekatan Cross Sectional. Subjek dalam penelitian ini adalah seluruh populasi yang terlibat dalam kualitas pelayanan kesehatan gigi dan mulut di RSI Sultan Agung Semarang dengan karakter pasien yang sudah pernah periksa dan mendapatkan pelayanan di poliklinik gigi RSI Sultan agung Semarang, jumlah sampel diambil sebanyak 100 responden dengan teknik Non Probability Sampling selanjutnya analisis dilakukan degan menggunakanStructural Equation Model (SEM).Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa semua variabel pada Kualitas pelayanan kesehatan gigi dan mulut yang meliputi variabel penampilan fisik, kehandalan, daya tanggap, jaminan, dan perhatian berpengaruh positif dan signfiikan terhadap kepuasan pasien di Poliklinik Gigi RSI Sultan Agung Semarang, dimana variabel responsiveness mempunyai pengaruh signifikan sebesar 0,929 dengan arah positif yang merupakan variabel yang berpengaruh paling dominan
Analisis Faktor Perilaku Perawatan Kehamilan tidak Diinginkan (Unwanted Pregnancy) pada Remaja di Kecamatan Karangrayung Kabupaten Grobogan
Authors: Iriyanti Anik , Suryawati Chriswardani , Nugraheni Sri A Achadi
Published: September 2020

Perawatan kehamilan tidak diinginkan pada remaja merupakan salah satu upaya untuk menurunkan angka kematian ibu dan bayi. Remaja yang mengalami kehamilan tidak diinginkan biasanya terlambat untuk melakukan perawatan kehamilan. Ketidakpatuhan dalam perawatan kehamilan dapat berdampak pada janin dan remaja itu sendiri. Penelitian bertujuan untuk menganalisis faktor perilaku perawatan kehamilan tidak diinginkan pada remaja di kecamatan Karangrayung Kabupaten Grobogan dilihat dari penyebab terjadinya kehamilan tidak diinginkan, penyesuaian diri remaja, penyesuaian sosial remaja dengan kehamilan tidak diinginkan, praktek perawatan kehamilan dan faktor – faktor yang mempengaruhi praktek perawatan kehamilan. Penelitian dilakukan dengan metode kualitatif dengan pendekatan fenomenologi melalui wawancara mendalam. Subyek penelitian adalah remaja dengan kehamilan tidak diinginkan dan memenuhi kriteria inklusi sebanyak 6 orang yang dipilih secara purposive sampling. Informan triangulasi penelitian adalah orang tua remaja hamil, teman dekat, tetangga, bidan Puskesmas, Kepala sekolah dan guru BP. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penyebab kehamilan tidak diinginkan pada remaja yaitu gaya berpacaran dan pergaulan yang kurang sehat serta kurangnya perhatian dari orang tua. Penyesuaian diri, remaja sudah menerima dan memutuskan melanjutkan kehamilan karena adanya dukungan orang tua dan teman dekat. Dalam penyesuaian sosial, remaja berupaya tetap berbaur dan bersikap ramah dengan tetangga, walaupun remaja dan keluarga menjadi bahan pembicaraan para tetangga. Praktek perawatan kehamilan masih kurang sehingga belum terpenuhinya dengan baik kebutuhan nutrisi dan personal hygiene. Faktor yang sangat berpengaruh pada remaja hamil dalam perawatan kehamilan yaitu adanya dukungan dari keluarga serta dukungan petugas kesehatan. Saran untuk petugas kesehatan dapat meningkatkan pengetahuan tentang perawatan kehamilan melalui program – program promotif dan preventif seperti pendampingan pada remaja hamil. Untuk remaja, dapat bertanggungjawab atas keputusan yang sudah diambil, membiasakan diri untuk berbaur dengan masyarakat dan memilih teman yang baik. Untuk orang tua dapat membentengi anak, memberi dukungan, bimbingan dan arahan pada anak meski sudah terjadi kehamilan yang tidak diinginkan. Untuk masyarakat dapat membantu dan merangkul remaja dengan kehamilan tidak diinginkan. Bagi sekolah, memberikan bimbingan konseling dan pengarahan kepada siswa tentang kesehatan kenakalan remaja khususnya mengenai kehamilan tidak diinginkan pada remaja.