bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Ortiz García, C. Mujeres y ciencia en España: antropólogas entre la Segunda República y el franquismo
Authors: Fernández León Deborah
Published: February 2024

Este libro se ocupa de la presencia de un número relativamente elevado de mujeres trabajando en la antropología biológica en un momento de transición entre la ciencia republicana y la propugnada por el franquismo. Si la práctica de la antropología durante el franquismo no es excesivamente conocida, la intervención de mujeres en esta disciplina y su presencia en el organismo creado por el régimen para dirigir la investigación de modo centralizado y controlado políticamente lo es todavía menos.Recurriendo a documentación de archivo, se presenta un retrato variado pero a la vez representativo de las trayectorias profesionales de las primeras mujeres dedicadas a la antropología en nuestro país. El estudio está centrado en una serie de investigadoras, algunas de las cuales cursaron los estudios superiores y el doctorado en el periodo republicano (Margarita Comas Camps, Julia Morros Sardá, María Alegría Fernández Cabeza), y otras un poco más jóvenes, a caballo entre la República y la Dictadura, pero ya con sus tesis defendidas en la universidad franquista (Caridad Robles Mendo, María Mercedes González Gimeno, Adelaida González Almejún, María Monclús Barberá). Estas últimas, además, tienen en común el haber formado parte del Instituto Bernardino de Sahagún de Antropología y Etnología, que será la institución creada en el Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas para centralizar el conocimiento y la investigación antropológica hecha en España y adaptarla a los principios ideológicos del régimen franquista.
La Comisión Europea y Europa Nostra entregan los premios europeos de patrimonio 2023
Authors: Contreras Ubric Jorge
Published: February 2024

Los Premios Europa Nostra buscan reconocer buenas prácticas y dar visibilidad a los profesionales y proyectos que destaquen en el sector del patrimonio cultural europeo. Este año, 30 destacadas realizaciones de 21 países han sido reconocidas por este prestigioso premio. Los premios han reconocido entre otros a Claudio Torres, un cercano y merecido ejemplo de vida dedicada a la investigación, difusión y puesta en valor del patrimonio.
Explorando la Arquitectura del Paisaje contemporánea: 12.º Premio Internacional Rosa Barba Casanovas
Authors: Cervera Alonso de Medina Marina
Published: February 2024

La 12.ª edición de la Bienal de Paisaje de Barcelona concluyó el 28 de noviembre, destacando la arquitectura del paisaje a través del prestigioso Premio Internacional de Arquitectura del Paisaje Rosa Barba Casanovas. Bajo el lema "La Poética de la Remediación", el evento celebró las mejores prácticas de profesionales y docentes en universidades especializadas.

El jurado internacional, liderado por Gareth Doherty de la Universidad de Harvard, seleccionó 11 proyectos finalistas entre 225 nominaciones. Estos proyectos, ubicados en diversas regiones del mundo, abordaron desafíos sociales y ambientales, destacando la adaptación al cambio climático, la regeneración de espacios urbanos y la co-creación con comunidades locales.

El proyecto ganador, el "Parque de la Cantera de Tangshan" en China, de Z&T Studio, recibió elogios por su excelencia en diseño, impacto social y narrativa excepcional. Además, tres proyectos recibieron menciones honoríficas por su contribución excepcional al campo de la arquitectura del paisaje.

Los proyectos finalistas compartieron patrones comunes, como el enfoque en el impacto social positivo, la adaptación al cambio climático y la atención al contexto local y regional. La importancia de la co-creación y la integración de soluciones basadas en la naturaleza también se destacó.

La ceremonia incluyó menciones honoríficas para proyectos en Medellín, Sudáfrica y el Reino Unido. El gran ganador, el Parque de la Cantera de Tangshan, se destacó como un modelo ejemplar que aborda los desafíos contemporáneos de manera integral.

El evento también reconoció el Premio de Escuelas de Paisaje Ribas Piera, otorgado a la Universidad UiT Arctic en Noruega, destacando la investigación basada en el sitio y la ética en la creación de entornos sostenibles.

La conclusión subrayó la importancia continuada de la arquitectura del paisaje en la creación de entornos sostenibles y significativos en medio de los desafíos actuales y futuros, desde la crisis climática hasta la rápida urbanización.
Inovasi Manajemen Melalui Pelatihan Pendaftaran Label BPOM dan Halal bagi Produk UMKM Kuliner Desa Legok Kabupaten Tangerang
Authors: Dewi Cynthia Sari , Fianty Melissa Indah , Saputri Fahmy Rinanda
Published: February 2024

This community service activity aims to increase the knowledge and ability of MSMEs in Legok Village to register BPOM label products and halal labels as an effort to expand marketing, consumer confidence and business competitiveness. Methods of implementing this service uses training with lecture, demonstration and discussion stages. The evaluation instrument for this activity uses a questionnaire, which is then analyzed descriptively. The results of this service show that the business actors of the Legok Village Culinary MSMEs in Tangerang Regency have the ability and skills to register business products with BPOM and halal labels. BPOM and Halal labels can be utilized as product innovation in increasing business competitiveness.
Remediasi Pembelajaran Biologi bagi Peserta Didik Kelas X IPS dan XI MIPA : Praktik Pengabdian Berbasis Pendidikan
Authors: Susilawati Puspita Ratna , Pasassung Irenne Odly Kathleen , Saputro Hardian Nico Thomas , Sulistyani Niluh , Krisnamurti Cyrenia Novella
Published: February 2024

This community service aims to help Santa Maria Yogyakarta Dormitory students overcome learning difficulties through a biology learning remediation program. The method of implementing this community service used tutoring. The service participants consisted of students from class X IPS and XI MIPA who lived at the Santa Maria Dormitory in Yogyakarta. The evaluation instrument for this activity uses closed and open questionnaires, which are analyzed descriptively. The service results showed that students' problems are difficulty understanding the material, feeling lazy, and bored with studying biology. This problem could be overcome by applying fun learning methods and media. Student responsed to the biology learning remediation program were classified as very high, and the impact felt by students is relatively high.
Quantitative Skills Training for SNBT Preparation at SMA Negeri 2 Parepare South Sulawesi
Authors: Miftahulkhairah Miftahulkhairah , Rahmi Nur , Ekasasmita Wahyuni , S Ahmad Fajri , Adhalia H Nurul Fuady
Published: February 2024

This service activity aims to improve students' quantitative abilities, especially in the SNBT test. The method of implementing this service used training, test simulations and discussions, as well as tips and strategies for solving quantitative ability questions. Assessment tools used during the activity included a pretest, posttest, and questionnaire. The analytical technique to assess the activity's success involved comparing the outcomes of the pre-test and post-test administered. The Results showed that there was an average increase in the scores of the participants' Quantitative Skills test. Overall, the average percentage increase in the participants' Quantitative Skills test scores was 13% from the pre-test scores. It can be concluded that the quantitative skills training provided positively enhanced the student's knowledge and skills, particularly in solving scholastic problems related to the Quantitative Skills test for the upcoming SNBT. Based on the survey, 53.1% of participants were highly satisfied with the conducted training activities and agree that such activities should be continued.
The influence of public administration science paradigm shift in its realization good governance
Authors: Kalalo Elisabeth , Putri Irma Nurmala , Mariana Lenny , Arifin Antoni Ludfi
Published: February 2024

The emergence of the New Public Service is an approach in public administration that addresses the shortcomings of both the Old Public Administration (OPA) and New Public Management (NPM), particularly in the context of cultural change and good governance. Old Public Administration (OPA) focuses more on bureaucracy oriented towards rules and procedures but is less responsive to cultural changes and societal needs. On the other hand, New Public Management (NPM) emphasizes the use of business management principles in public administration but pays less attention to cultural changes and good governance aspects. In the context of cultural change, the New Public Service offers a more adaptive and responsive approach. This approach recognizes the importance of understanding and adapting to cultural changes within society to provide relevant and effective public services. Additionally, the New Public Service is closely related to good governance. This approach emphasizes values such as fairness, rule of law, public participation, and transparency. By incorporating the principles of good governance, the New Public Service strives to build a sound, efficient, and accountable governance system. In summary, the emergence of the New Public Service is a response to the shortcomings of OPA and NPM in addressing cultural changes and in the context of good governance. This approach combines adaptability to cultural changes with the application of good governance principles to ensure that public services provided by the government are responsive, fair, and transparent.
Romance in the cloud: Interpersonal communication analysis on relationship stages of online dating
Authors: Rahmawati  , Unde Andi Alimuddin , Bahfiarti Tuti
Published: February 2024

Finding love in the digital age can be seen easier than ever. With a simple app, an individual and millions of others can come together and meet from everywhere. The researchers aim to analyze the relationship development in online dating matches through multiple interpersonal communication perspectives. It includes how an individual chooses their potential partner, their initial involvement, self-disclosure, and whether they decide to continue a serious relationship. The research methodology used is qualitative method with in depth interview, using Devito’s Relationship Stages as the theoretical framework. The result shows that compared to traditional dating, online dating couples took extra security precautions in early contact. It is also found that the strength of social bonding, especially with close friends and family members, significantly influences the relationship. There are three main stages of relationships that are experienced in this research; (1) Contact, in line with the Uncertainty Reduction Theory and Communication Privacy Management, (2) Involvement that corresponds with the Social Exchange Theory, and (3) Intimacy, that aligns with Social Penetration Theory.
Blater's power in local politics, village head election in Madura
Authors: Hidayaturrahman Mohammad , Muhammad Nur Shidqi , Tini Dwi Listia Rika , Ubaid Ahmad Hasan
Published: February 2024

The involvement of elite groups or certain groups in winning political contests is often carried out by candidates for political office. This also happens in local political contestations, village head elections. This research was conducted to reveal the role and behavior of blater in village elections in Sumenep, Madura, East Java. This research uses a descriptive qualitative model. The data collection technique was carried out using in-depth interviews with various informants involved in the election, such as blater, village head candidates and voters. Apart from that, document searches were also carried out regarding village election activities and after the election of the village head. To obtain accurate data, the research cross-checked the data collected, between the data obtained through in-depth interviews, and the documents traced and obtained by the researcher. From the research conducted, blater has an important role in the election of village heads. This is caused by several factors. Blater has influence, blater also has a strategy for carrying out his role, blater has certain preferences when the village head election takes place, and blater's role has an impact on the village head election process. Apart from that, the blater has a network that shapes the winning process.
Implementation of the power generation program by the Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank (AIIB) to improve the economy in Bangladesh
Authors: Zuha Aulia Aisyah
Published: February 2024

This article examines the effectiveness of programs carried out by the Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank (AIIB) in encouraging economic investment and infrastructure connectivity in Asia. Specifically, the author will analyze AIIB assistance in Bangladesh in the electrical energy sector. AIIB is a multinational development bank initiated by China to encourage infrastructure in Asia. In terms of long-term funding for infrastructure sub-projects such as sub-projects in the areas of power production, ICT, cross-regional transportation, etc., AIIB has emerged as one of the most important development partners for Bangladesh. This paper aims to answer how effective the implementation of the electricity sector program by AIIB is in improving the economy in Bangladesh. To examine this topic, the author refers to Development theory and the concept of Global Governance. The results of the author's analysis show that most of the assistance provided by AIIB in Bangladesh focuses on the electrical energy sector, this is a response to the electricity crisis which is hampering the Bangladesh economy. The results of implementing the program are considered quite effective because it succeeded in distributing electricity evenly in villages and encouraging development renewable and low-carbon electrical energy infrastructure. However, this program can also be considered less effective because it has not been able to encourage Bangladesh to maximize its own natural resources to guarantee its electricity supply due to the low share of the renewable energy market in Bangladesh's electricity.
Development and challenges in the implementation of sustainable development goals (SDGs) in Indonesia: A systematic literature review
Authors: Novita Asti Amelia , Ngindana Rispa , Putra Endry , Virgiyansha Danica , Nalendra
Published: February 2024

Efforts towards achieving the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) in Indonesia have been underway for approximately eight years. Throughout this period, these efforts have experienced ups and downs. Through the systematic literature review method, this research aims to analyze the progress and challenges in the implementation of SDGs in Indonesia, focusing on four aspects: policy alignment, stakeholder engagement, resources and finances, as well as monitoring and evaluation. The systematic literature review process involves the comprehensive identification, selection, quality assessment, synthesis, and interpretation of relevant literature to address research questions. The research results indicate that there are still several challenges to be addressed in the pursuit of SDGs, including regional inequality, lack of coordination among stakeholders, and issues related to transparency and public accountability. In achieving sustainable development goals in Indonesia, collaboration among stakeholders is necessary to address these challenges.
Pembentukan Lembaga Pengawas Perlindungan Data Pribadi Di Era Ekonomi Digital : Kajian Perbandingan Dengan KPPU
Authors: Matheus Juan , Gunadi Ariawan
Published: February 2024

Dalam beberapa tahun terakhir, kemajuan teknologi informasi dan komunikasi membuat peredaran data pribadi di Indonesia menjadi sulit dikendalikan bahkan kerapkali terjadi kasus kebocoran data pribadi yang merugikan masyarakat selaku konsumen. Sebagai negara yang telah mempunyai regulasi khusus yang melindungi data pribadi tentunya membutuhkan suatu lembaga yang berperan mengawasi peredaran data pribadi tersebut. Namun, hingga hari ini lembaga tersebut belum dibentuk oleh Pemerintah sehingga menimbulkan ketidakpastian terhadap implementasi UU No. 27 Tahun 2022. Dalam proses penyelenggaraan penelitian ini, Penulis mengadopsi jenis penelitian yuridis normatif, yang melibatkan pendekatan beragam seperti statute approach, conceptual approach, dan comparative approach, dengan tujuan untuk mendapatkan pemahaman yang lebih mendalam dan komprehensif mengenai isu yang sedang dianalisis. Berdasarkan analisis yang telah dilakukan, Penulis menemukan bahwa kehadiran Lembaga Pengawas PDP memiliki banyak manfaat positif sehingga lembaga ini harus segara dibentuk agar Indonesia mencapai status adequacy. Meski demikian, bentuk dari lembaga ini masih diperdebatkan karena apabila dilekatkan dengan Kominfo maka dapat menimbulkan conflict of interest. Sejatinya, Indonesia sendiri telah memiliki sejumlah lembaga negara independen yang mana salah satunya adalah KPPU. KPPU sendiri merupakan lembaga negara independen dengan model quasi-judicial yang tidak bisa diintervensi oleh pihak mana pun dalam melakukan penanganan, pengambilan keputusan, atau penyelidikan terhadap perkara persaingan usaha. Oleh karena itu, berkaca dari KPPU maka Penulis berpandangan bahwa Lembaga Pengawas PDP haruslah dibuat dalam bentuk lembaga negara independen sebagai bentuk paling ideal karena memiliki sejumlah kemiripan antara KPPU dan Lembaga Pengawas PDP.
Kata Kunci : Hukum Perlindungan Data Pribadi; Komisi Pengawas Independen; Ekonomi Digital
lternatif Penyelesaian Sengketa Antara Konsumen Dan Pelaku Usaha UMKM Melalui Badan Penyelesaian Sengketa Konsumen Kota Mataram
Authors: Istihara Zain Irma , Haerani Haerani
Published: February 2024

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji dan menganalisis pelaksanaan penyelesaian sengketa antara konsumen dan pelaku usaha UMKM melalui lembaga BPSK Kota Mataram. Metode Penelitian yang digunakan yaitu empiris dengan pendekatan perundang-undangan dan sosiologis. Hasil dari penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa pelaksanaan penyelesaian sengketa di luar pengadilan antara konsumen dan pelaku usaha UMKM melalui BPSK Kota Mataram telah sesuai dengan Keputusan Menteri Perindustrian dan Perdagangan Nomor 350/MPP/Kep/2001 tentang Pelaksanaan Tugas dan Wewenang BPSK yang merupakan hukum acara BPSK dalam menyelesaikan sengketa. Namun persentase terhadap jumlah sengketa konsumen dan pelaku usaha UMKM yang ditangani dan diselesaikan di BPSK sangat minim dikarenakan beberapa faktor yaitu: Kurangnya eksistensi terkait keberadaan lembaga BPSK Kota Mataram di kalangan konsumen maupun pelaku usaha UMKM, Adanya upaya penyelesaian sengketa secara internal yang dilakukan oleh pelaku usaha UMKM, Tingkat kepuasan konsumen terhadap kualitas produk serta pelayanan pelaku usaha UMKM relatif tinggi.
Kata Kunci : Alternatif Penyelesaian Sengketa; Konsumen; Pelaku Usaha
Law Enforcement Against Traffic Law Violations Committed by Students in Ternate City
Authors: Fahria Fahria , Djafar Muhammad Mufti M , Muhdar Gamar , Budiono Arief
Published: February 2024

Traffic rules are created to guard the safety of everyone who travels on vehicles on the road every day. Rampantly occurring traffic violations that evoke concerns in society are traffic violations committed by students. This paper aims to analyze the factors that influence law enforcement against traffic law violations committed by students in the legal area of the Ternate City Police Resort Traffic Unit as well as the efforts carried out to prevent events of traffic law violations by students. This research used the empirical research design. It was an approach model in the form of an action to see the legal reality in society. In this research, the researchers collected the data using field research, literary study, and documentation methods. From these three types of data collection, the data obtained were divided into two, namely primary and secondary data. Research found that the factors which influence law enforcement against traffic law violations committed by students in the legal area of Ternate City Police Resort Traffic Unit are the family factor, the education factor, and the environmental factor. Legal efforts that may be applied to prevent the occurrence of traffic law violations committed by students in the legal area of Ternate City Police Resort Traffic Unit are: (1) Preventive efforts, by organizing socializations especially for parents to always supervise their children and prevent them from driving motorized vehicles as underage children are not eligible to obtain a driver’s license, as according to the law, a person must be at least 17 years old to obtain it and (2) Repressive efforts by giving a warning to students that violate the traffic laws. If perpetrators still commit violations after obtaining a warning, they will obtain a ticket
Juridical Analysis Of Credit Agreements With Shopee Paylater
Authors: Agustini Shenti
Published: February 2024

Technological developments have an impact on today's business world. Shopee is an online buying and selling application with payment methods made online, namely through the shopee paylater feature or what can be called an online credit agreement. However, there are several cases of default on credit agreements made through the shopee paylater feature. The purpose of this study is to analyze the form and legitimacy of the shopee paylater and settlement of default cases that occur in credit agreements through the shopee paylater. The research method used is normative juridical. The results of the study show that the form of the shopee paylater credit agreement is a standard form of agreement and has legal validity based on the Civil Code. Then the standard agreement is also an implementation of the principle of contractual freedom. If there is a default case in the credit agreement through the shopee paylater, it can be resolved through litigation and non-litigation.
Keywords: Credit, Agreement, Shopee
The Effect of Banking Competition and Efficiency on Banking Performance Moderated by GCG and Crisis Factors
Authors: Forniawati Indah Tri , Sudiyatno Bambang
Published: February 2024

The aim of this research is to test the influence of the level of competition on bank profitability, bank efficiency on bank profitability, test the relationship between competition and bank efficiency and company performance using ROA as a measure of performance, while GCG and the crisis period due to the pandemic are used as moderating variables for this relationship. . Testing of this research uses the multiple regression analysis method with the help of the SPSS version 21 program. The results of this research show that competition is a variable that has a positive and significant influence on banking performance. The greater competitive ability of banks will improve their performance. However, the bank's technical efficiency has not shown significant results. The moderating effect of implementing GCG by banks does not seem to be able to improve the relationship between competition and performance. The same results were also obtained on the relationship between bank efficiency and performance which also cannot be moderated by GCG. The moderating effect of the crisis period was found to be significant on the relationship between competition and bank performance, whereas during the crisis the relationship between competition and bank performance remained low. However, bank efficiency was not moderated by the crisis period resulting from the pandemic.
The enigma of conditioned taste aversion learning: stimulus properties of 2-phenylethylamine derivatives.
Authors: Greenshaw AJ , Turkish S , Davis BA
Published: February 2024

The functional aversive stimulus properties of several IP doses of (±)-amphetamine (1.25-10 mg.kg-1),
2-phenylethylamine (PEA, 2.5-10 mg.kg-1, following inhibition of monoamine oxidase with pargyline 50 mg.kg-1) and phenylethanolamine (6.25-50 mg.kg 1) were measured with the conditioned taste aversion (CTA) paradigm.
A two bottle choice procedure was used, water vs. 0.1 % saccharin with one conditioning trial and three retention trials. (±)-Amphetamine and phenylethanolamine induced a significant conditioned taste aversion but PEA did not.
(±)-Amphetamine and PEA increased spontaneous locomotor activity but phenylethanolamine had no effects on this measure. Measurement of whole brain levels of these drugs revealed that the peak brain elevation of PEA occurred at approximately 10 min whereas the peak elevations of ()-amphetamine and phenylethanolamine occurred at approximately 20 min. The present failure of PEA to elicit conditioned taste aversion learning is consistent with previous reports for this compound. The differential functional aversive stimulus effects of these three compounds are surprising since they exhibit similar discriminative stimulus properties and both (±)-amphetamine and PEA are self-administered by laboratory animals. The present data suggest that time to maximal brain concentrations following peripheral injection may be a determinant of the aversive stimulus properties of PEA derivatives.
Taste aversion learning and aging: a comparison with the effect of dorsal hippocampal lesions in rats
Authors: Moron I , Ballesteros MA , Candido A , Gallo M
Published: February 2024

The relationship between hippocampal function and aging was explored in Wistar rats using taste aversion learning by comparing the performance of adult dorsal hippocampal lesioned and fifteen-month-old intact rats with that of adult intact rats. In experiment 1 the conditioned blocking phenomenon was absent in the hippocampal and the aging rats. Unlike the adult intact rats, the hippocampal and aging rats were not impaired in acquiring a learned aversion to a cider vinegar solution (3 %) presented as a serial compound with a previously conditioned saccharin solution (0.1 %). In experiment 2 both the hippocampal and the aging rats developed reduced aversions to a saline solution (0.5 %) followed by an i.p. injection of lithium chloride (0.15 M; 2 % b.w.) if the taste solution was previously preexposed without consequences. This latent inhibition effect was similar to that seen in intact adult rats. In both experiments, the aging rats exhibited enhanced conventional learned taste aversions. It is concluded that aging is not a unitary process but induces both hippocampal dependent and hippocampal independent complex changes in the functioning of the neural circuits, implementing taste aversion learning.
Striatal level of regulation of learned forepaw movements in rats.
Authors: Zhuravin IA , Dubrovskaya NM , Plesneva SA
Published: February 2024

The role of the striatal adenylyl cyclase (AC) and cholinergic systems in the learning and expression of new forepaw movements (reaching with prolonged pushing on a fixed piston) was studied in male Wistar rats. Motor learning processes, prenatal hypoxia, and cholinergic drugs changed the properties of the AC system in the striatum. After learning, the striatal basal AC activity was decreased compared to untrained control rats. In addition, the AC activity was more decreased in animals with a good ability to learn compared to poor learners (up to 31 % and 51 %, correspondingly; p<0.01). Rats subjected to prenatal hypoxia (13-14th days of embryogenesis) had a lower ability to learn the new movements requiring tactile control and the striatal AC activity in these rats was 1.8 times higher (p<0.001) than controls. In vitro application of the cholinergic agonist carbachol (CARB) 10-5 M (corresponding to ~ 0.3 g), as well as the antagonist scopolomine (SCOP) 10-5 M (~ 0.3 g) decreased AC activity in the synaptosomal fraction of the striatum. In vivo injections of CARB (0.3-3 g/1l) or SCOP (0.3-3 g/1l) into the ventral striatum (nucleus accumbens) modified the newly learned sensorimotor skill. After CARB injections the rats performed slower movements with more prolonged pushing. After SCOP the rats could not retain the learned pushing movement. These in vivo and in vitro data suggest that the cholinergic mediator system of the striatum is involved in learning sensory-controlled forepaw movements as well as the regulation of new motor skills by modulating the AC signal transduction process in the striatum. The data confirmed that modification of the striatal AC system resulted in the modulation of reaching behavior and better expression of the learned reflex.
Glutamate induces different neuronal conditioned responses than ACPD when used as a locally ionophoresed unconditioned stimulus in the cat motor cortex.
Authors: Woody ChD
Published: February 2024

Single unit recordings were made from the motor cortex of conscious cats with glass micropipettes that allowed ionophoretic application of 0.5 M glutamate in 2 M NaCl or 0.5 M ACPD (1S,3R-1-amino-cyclopentane-1,3-dicarboxylic acid, a mGluR agonist) in 2 M NaCl. Activity in response to a 70 dB click (1 ms rectangular pulse to loudspeaker) was studied before, during, and immediately after applying each agent locally as a paired US (90 nA current 570 ms after click for 300 ms in combination with glabella tap). A 70 dB hiss sound was presented 4.4 sec after the click as a discriminative stimulus (DS). CS and DS were presented 10 times initially (adaptation); then CS, US plus tap, and DS (approximately 10 times as conditioning); and then CS and DS (2-10 times to test post-conditioning). Glutamate potentiated the mean, early, 8-16 ms response to the click after conditioning (t=18.2, p<0.0001), but not the baseline activity which decreased from a mean of 17 spk/sec to 7 spk/sec (t=3.71, p<0.001). Baseline activity increased to 31 spk/sec when glutamate was applied during conditioning (t=3.30, p<0.005). ACPD reduced the intermediate, 64-72 ms response to the click after conditioning (t=8.18, p<0.0001), and potentiated the late 104-112 ms response (t=15.4, p<0.0001). Baseline activity was slightly increased after conditioning with ACPD. Saline did not potentiate the response to click. The results indicate that glutamate agonists that differ in their receptor affinities can induce different CRs when used as locally applied USs to condition neuronal responses to a click CS in the motor cortex of cats.
Effect of different cycling frequencies during incremental exercise on the venous plasma potassium concentration in humans
Authors: Zoladz JA , Duda K , Majerczak J , Thor P
Published: February 2024

The effect of different muscle shortening velocity was studied during cycling at a pedalling rate of 60 and 120 rev.min-1 on the [K+]v in 21 healthy young men (aged 22.5±2.2 years, body mass 72.7±6.4 kg, VO2max 3.720±0.426 l . min-1) performing an incremental exercise test until exhaustion. The power output increased by 30 W every 3 min, using an electrically controlled ergometer Ergoline 800S (see Zoladz et al. J. Physiol. 488: 211-217, 1995). The test was performed twice: once at a cycling frequency of 60 rev.min-1 (test A) and a few days later at frequency of 120 rev.min-1 (test B). At rest and at the end of each step (i.e. the last 15 s) antecubital venous blood samples for [K+]v were taken. Gas exchange variables were measured continuously (breath-by-breath) using Oxycon Champion Jaeger. The pre-exercise [K+]v in both tests was not significantly different amounting to 4.24±0.36 mmol.l-1 in test A, and 4.37±0.45 mmol.l-1 in test B. However, the [K+]v during cycling at 120 rev.min-1 was significantly higher (p<0.001, ANOVA for repeated measurements) at each power output when compared to cycling at 60 rev.min-1. The maximal power output reached 293±31 W in test A which was significantly higher (p<0.001) than in test B, which amounted to 223±40 W. The VO2max values in both tests reached 3.720±0.426 l.min-1 vs 3.777±0.514 l.min-1. These values were not significantly different. When the [K+]v was measured during incremental cycling exercise, a linear increase in [K+]v was observed in both tests. However, a significant (p<0.05) upward shift in the [K+]v and a % VO2max relationship was detected during cycling at 120 rev.min-1. The [K+]v measured at the VO2max level in tests A and B amounted to 6.00±0.47 mmol.l-1 vs 6.04±0.41 mmol.l-1, respectively. This difference was not significant. It can thus be concluded that a) generation of the same external mechanical power output during cycling at a pedaling rate of 120 rev.min-1 causes significantly higher [K+]v changes than when cycling at 60 rev.min-1, b) the increase of venous plasma potassium concentration during dynamic incremental exercise is linearly related to the metabolic cost of work expressed by the percentage of VO2max (increase as reported previously by Vollestad et al. J. Physiol. Lond. 475: 359-368, 1994), c) there is a tendency towards upward shift in the [K+]v and % VO2max relation during cycling at 120 rev.min-1 when compared to cycling at 60 rev.min-1.
Role of nNOS in regulation of renal function in hypertensive Ren-2 transgenic rats
Authors: Červenka L , Kramer HJ , Malý J , Vaněčková I , Bäcker A , Bokemeyer D , Bader M , Ganten D , Mitchell KD
Published: February 2024

The present study was performed to evaluate the role of neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS)-derived nitric oxide (NO) during the developmental phase of hypertension in transgenic rats harboring the mouse Ren-2 renin gene (TGR). The first aim of the present study was to examine nNOS mRNA expression in the renal cortex and to assess the renal functional responses to intrarenal nNOS inhibition by S-methyl-L-thiocitrulline (L-SMTC) in heterozygous TGR and in age-matched transgene-negative Hannover Sprague-Dawley rats (HanSD). The second aim was to evaluate the role of the renal sympathetic nerves in mediating the renal functional responses to intrarenal nNOS inhibition. Thus, we also evaluated the effects of intrarenal L-SMTC administration in acutely denervated TGR and HanSD. Expression of nNOS mRNA in the renal cortex was significantly increased in TGR compared with HanSD. Intrarenal administration of L-SMTC decreased the glomerular filtration rate (GFR), renal plasma flow (RPF) and sodium excretion and increased renal vascular resistance (RVR) in HanSD. In contrast, intrarenal inhibition of nNOS by L-SMTC did not alter GFR, RPF or RVR and elicited a marked increase in sodium excretion in TGR. This effect of intrarenal L-SMTC was not observed in acutely denervated TGR. These results suggest that during the developmental phase of hypertension TGR exhibit an impaired renal vascular responsiveness to nNOS derived NO or an impaired ability to release NO by nNOS despite enhanced expression of nNOS mRNA in the renal cortex. In addition, the data indicate that nNOS-derived NO increases tubular sodium reabsorption in TGR and that the renal nerves play an important modulatory role in this process.
Myasthenia Gravis Physiopathology: Relevance to Clinical Practice
Authors: Humphry Nicola
Published: February 2024

View our latest infographic, which provides updates on the physiopathology of myasthenia gravis (MG) and the mechanisms behind its different subtypes. Providing details of the treatment strategies available for each subtype, this comprehensive infographic highlights key statistics of MG presentation, as well as the challenges currently faced with optimising available treatments for MG in individual patients.
Peningkatan kemampuan pemecahan masalah matematika siswa melalui pengelolaan kelas dengan media pembelajaran matematika berbantuan autograph
Authors: Nurapriani Nurapriani , Hasibuan Lily Rohanita , Siregar Sakinah Ubudiyah
Published: February 2024

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memperbaiki proses belajar dikelas sehingga berdampak pada peningkatan kemampuan pemecahan masalah matematika siswa. Penelitian ini berupa penelitian tindakan kelas yang dilakukan terhadap 25 siswa di kelas VIII MTs Syahru Thoyibbah Annafisah. Data yang diperoleh melalui proses observasi dan pemberian tes pemecahan masalah. Selanjutnya, data tersebut dianalisis melalui tiga tahap, yaitu: 1) reduksi data, 2) pemaparan data dan 3) menarik kesimpulan. Penelitian ini adalah penelitian deskriptif dengan pendekatan kualitatif. Selanjutnya, hasil penelitian ini memperlihatkan terjadinya peningkatan kemampuan pemecahan masalah matematika siswa baik pada indikator pemahaman masalah, perencanaan masalah, melaksanakan rencana dan menyimpulkan.
MARTin—an open-source platform for microarray analysis
Authors: Kreissner Kai O. , Faller Benjamin , Talucci Ivan , Maric Hans M.
Published: February 2024

Background: Microarray technology has brought significant advancements to high-throughput analysis, particularly in the comprehensive study of biomolecular interactions involving proteins, peptides, and antibodies, as well as in the fields of gene expression and genotyping. With the ever-increasing volume and intricacy of microarray data, an accurate, reliable and reproducible analysis is essential. Furthermore, there is a high level of variation in the format of microarrays. This not only holds true between different sample types but is also due to differences in the hardware used during the production of the arrays, as well as the personal preferences of the individual users. Therefore, there is a need for transparent, broadly applicable and user-friendly image quantification techniques to extract meaningful information from these complex datasets, while also addressing the challenges posed by specific microarray and imager formats, which can flaw analysis and interpretation.

Results: Here we introduce MicroArray Rastering Tool (MARTin), as a versatile tool developed primarily for the analysis of protein and peptide microarrays. Our software provides state-of-the-art methodologies, offering researchers a comprehensive tool for microarray image quantification. MARTin is independent of the microarray platform used and supports various configurations including high-density formats and printed arrays with significant x and y offsets. This is made possible by granting the user the ability to freely customize parts of the application to their specific microarray format. Thanks to built-in features like adaptive filtering and autofit, measurements can be done very efficiently and are highly reproducible. Furthermore, our tool integrates metadata management and integrity check features, providing a straightforward quality control method, along with a ready-to-use interface for in-depth data analysis. This not only promotes good scientific practice in the field of microarray analysis but also enhances the ability to explore and examine the generated data.

Conclusion: MARTin has been developed to empower its users with a reliable, efficient, and intuitive tool for peptidomic and proteomic array analysis, thereby facilitating data-driven discovery across disciplines. Our software is an open-source project freely available via the GNU Affero General Public License licence on GitHub.
Current advancements in therapeutic approaches in orthopedic surgery: a review of recent trends
Authors: Liang Wenqing , Zhou Chao , Bai Juqin , Zhang Hongwei , Jiang Bo , Wang Jiangwei , Fu Lifeng , Long Hengguo , Huang Xiaogang , Zhao Jiayi , Zhu Haibing
Published: February 2024

Recent advancements in orthopedic surgery have greatly improved the management of musculoskeletal disorders and injuries. This review discusses the latest therapeutic approaches that have emerged in orthopedics. We examine the use of regenerative medicine, including stem cell therapy and platelet-rich plasma (PRP) injections, to accelerate healing and promote tissue regeneration. Additionally, we explore the application of robotic-assisted surgery, which provides greater precision and accuracy during surgical procedures. We also delve into the emergence of personalized medicine, which tailors treatments to individual patients based on their unique genetic and environmental factors. Furthermore, we discuss telemedicine and remote patient monitoring as methods for improving patient outcomes and reducing healthcare costs. Finally, we examine the growing interest in using artificial intelligence and machine learning in orthopedics, particularly in diagnosis and treatment planning. Overall, these advancements in therapeutic approaches have significantly improved patient outcomes, reduced recovery times, and enhanced the overall quality of care in orthopedic surgery.
PBX1: a TALE of two seasons—key roles during development and in cancer
Authors: Crisafulli Laura , Brindisi Matteo , Liturri Mirko Giuseppe , Sobacchi Cristina , Ficara Francesca
Published: February 2024

Pre-B cell leukemia factor 1 (PBX1) is a Three Aminoacid Loop Extension (TALE) homeodomain-containing transcription factor playing crucial roles in organ pattering during embryogenesis, through the formation of nuclear complexes with other TALE class and/or homeobox proteins to regulate target genes. Its contribution to the development of several organs has been elucidated mainly through the study of murine knockout models. A crucial role for human development has been recently highlighted through the discovery of different de novo pathogenic PBX1 variants in children affected by developmental defects. In the adult, PBX1 is expressed in selected tissues such as in the brain, in the gastro-intestinal and urinary systems, or in hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells, while in other organs is barely detectable. When involved in the t(1;19) chromosomal translocation it acts as an oncogene, since the resulting fusion protein drives pre-B cell leukemia, due to the induction of target genes not normally targeted by the native protein. Its aberrant expression has been associated to tumor development, progression, or therapy-resistance as in breast cancer, ovarian cancer or myeloproliferative neoplasm (MPN). On the other hand, in colorectal cancer PBX1 functions as a tumor suppressor, highlighting its context-dependent role. We here discuss differences and analogies of PBX1 roles during embryonic development and in cancer, focusing mainly on the most recent discoveries.
Mechanical valve replacement for patients with rheumatic heart disease: the reality of INR control in Africa and beyond
Authors: Zilla Peter , Human Paul , Pennel Tim
Published: February 2024

The majority of patients requiring heart valve replacement in low- to middle-income countries (LMICs) need it for rheumatic heart disease (RHD). While the young age of such patients largely prescribes replacement with mechanical prostheses, reliable anticoagulation management is often unattainable under the prevailing socioeconomic circumstances. Cases of patients with clotted valves presenting for emergency surgery as a consequence of poor adherence to anticoagulation control are frequent. The operative mortality rates of reoperations for thrombosed mechanical valves are several times higher than those for tissue valves, and long-term results are also disappointing. Under-anticoagulation prevails in these regions that has clearly been linked to poor international normalised ratio (INR) monitoring. In industrialised countries, safe anticoagulation is defined as >60%–70% of the time in the therapeutic range (TTR). In LMICs, the TTR has been found to be in the range of twenty to forty percent. In this study, we analysed >20,000 INR test results of 552 consecutive patients receiving a mechanical valve for RHD. Only 27% of these test results were in the therapeutic range, with the vast majority (61%) being sub-therapeutic. Interestingly, the post-operative frequency of INR tests of one every 3–4 weeks in year 1 had dropped to less than 1 per year by year 7. LMICs need to use clinical judgement and assess the probability of insufficient INR monitoring prior to uncritically applying Western guidelines predominantly based on chronological age. The process of identification of high-risk subgroups in terms of non-adherence to anticoagulation control should take into account both the adherence history of >50% of patients with RHD who were in chronic atrial fibrillation prior to surgery as well as geographic and socioeconomic circumstances.
Left ventricular to left arial volume ratio in the assessment of filling pressure in patients with dyspnoea and preserved ejection fraction
Authors: Palka Przemysław , Hilling-Smith Roland , Swann Rohan , Allwood Sean , Moore Alexander , Bian Chris , Lange Aleksandra
Published: February 2024

Introduction

Assessing filling pressure (FP) remains a clinical challenge despite advancements in non-invasive imaging techniques. This study investigates the utility of echocardiographic left ventricular (LV) to left atrial (LA) volume ratio in estimating the resting FP in patients with dyspnoea and preserved ejection fraction (EF).

Methods

This study is a prospective, single-centre analysis of 53 consecutive patients with dyspnoea (New York Heart Association grade 2 or 3) and LVEF of ≥50% (mean age 71 ± 10 years) who underwent cardiac catheterisation, including direct measurement of LA pressure at rest using retrograde technique. Echocardiographic data were obtained 1.5 ± 1.0 h after cardiac catheterisation. The patients were divided into two groups: Group 1 consisted of individuals with elevated FP, indicated by a mean LA pressure or mean pulmonary capillary wedge pressure of >12 mmHg, and Group 2 comprised of patients with normal FP. The LV and LA volumes were measured at three specific points: the minimum volume (LVES, LAmin), the volume during diastasis (LVdias, LAdias), and the maximum volume (LVED, LAmax). The corresponding LV/LA volume ratios were analysed: end-systole (LVES/LAmax), diastasis (LVdias/LAdias), and end-diastole (LVED/LAmin).

Results

The patients in Group 1 exhibited lower LV/LA volume ratios compared with those in Group 2 (LVES/LAmax 0.44 ± 0.12 vs. 0.60 ± 0.23, P = 0.0032; LVdias/LAdias 1.13 ± 0.30 vs. 1.56 ± 0.49, P = 0.0007; LVED/LAmin 2.71 ± 1.57 vs. 4.44 ± 1.70, P = 0.0004). The LV/LA volume ratios correlated inversely with an increased FP (LVES/LAmax, r = −0.40, P = 0.0033; LVdias/LAdias, r = −0.45, P = 0.0007; LVED/LAmin, r = −0.55, P < 0.0001). Among all the measurements, the LVdias/LAdias ratio demonstrated the highest discriminatory power to distinguish patients with elevated FP from normal FP, with a cut-off value of ≤1.24 [area under the curve (AUC) = 0.822] for the entire group, encompassing both sinus rhythm and atrial fibrillation. For patients in sinus rhythm specifically, the cut-off value was ≤1.28 (AUC = 0.799), with P < 0.0001 for both. The LVdias/LAdias index demonstrated non-inferiority to the E/e' ratio [ΔAUC = 0.159, confidence interval (CI) = −0.020–0.338; P = 0.0809], while surpassing the indices of LA reservoir function (ΔAUC = 0.249, CI = 0.044–0.454; P = 0.0176), LA reservoir strain (ΔAUC = 0.333, CI = 0.149–0.517; P = 0.0004), and LAmax index (ΔAUC = 0.224, CI = 0.043–0.406; P = 0.0152) in diagnosing patients with elevated FP.

Conclusion

The study presents a straightforward and reproducible method for non-invasive estimation of FP using routine TTE in patients with dyspnoea and preserved EF. The LVdias/LAdias index emerges as a promising indicator for identifying elevated FP, demonstrating comparable or even superior performance to established parameters.
Enhancing teachers’ instruction on how to study: an exploration of the effectiveness of learning strategies for particular secondary school subjects
Authors: Langbroek Sander , Duchatelet Dorothy , Joosten-ten Brinke Desirée , Camp Gino
Published: February 2024

Teachers’ instructions on learning strategies play a key role on how students study. However, how the effectiveness of learning strategies can be matched to different types of knowledge in a diversity of subject content has remained unexplored. In the present study, we related the effectiveness of learning strategies to different types of knowledge through an umbrella review. Furthermore, using focus-groups interviews, we explored the relation between school subjects and these knowledge types. We concluded that the effects of particular learning strategies vary across different learning objectives of the subjects and we offered suggestions for the instruction of effective learning strategies.