bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Pomoc finansowa dla państw strefy euro dotkniętych kryzysem zadłużenia
Authors: Grabińska Barbara
Published: March 2015

The global crisis that reached Europe in 2008 has evolved from a financial crisis to a debt crisis. The problems in Greece, Ireland, Portugal, Spain and Cyprus turned out to be so severe that they could not be managed at the national level. These countries therefore asked for external assistance. The aim of the article is to describe the crisis-resolution mechanism and the attempts to provide stability to euro area countries through financial-assistance instruments. In view of the numerous controversies over the efficiency of financial-assistance programmes, methods of evaluating their success and failure are also discussed.
Ekonometryczny model deficytu sektora instytucji rządowych i samorządowych
Authors: Mielcarek Jarosław
Published: March 2015

The purpose of the article is to determine the quantitative relationship between the dependent variable, which is the general government deficit, and the explanatory variables using two dynamic econometric models. For the first model, the rate of inflation and the rate of deficit growth explained 80% of the variability in the deficit. When the model was tested at a significance level of 0.05 using an F-test, t-test, p-values and the correlation between the explanatory variables it was shown that these independent variables were significant. Three explanatory variables were added in the second model: GDP growth rate, deficit acceleration and deficit. As a result of this change, the coefficient of determination rose to 90%. Testing the model at a significance level of 0.05 showed that the added explanatory variables were not significant. The insignificance of the GDP growth rate as an explanatory variable for the deficit did not confirm the claim that in the 2008–2013 sub-period there was a sharp increase in the deficit due to the economic downturn. It was found, based on the Durbin-Watson statistics value for a model with two explanatory variables, that the null hypothesis that there is no autocorrelation of residuals could not be rejected.
Dług publiczny jako zagrożenie dla wzrostu gospodarczego krajów na świecie
Authors: Siudek Tomasz
Published: March 2015

The main aim of this work is to determine the relationship between the level of economic growth and the level of public debt in selected countries around the world. An additional aim of the study is to establish the level and determinants of public debt in these countries. The data obtained show that an increase in public debt causes a decrease in economic growth in most countries around the world.
Polityka podatkowa a indeks szczęścia
Authors: Wojciechowska-Toruńska Iwona
Published: March 2015

The article addresses the relationship between taxation and satisfaction with life. What is known as a happiness index was constructed to perform an approximate analysis of the level of life satisfaction in countries with different tax policies. The hypothesis, which states, ‘Countries with a high happiness index need not have high average tax rates but should be identifiable by their progressive income tax, increased diversification of VAT rates and stable level of public expenditure as a proportion of GDP’ was verified positively. The search for the optimal tax policy should take into account not only economic growth but also the growth rate of social satisfaction and the level of social welfare.
Pesquisa levantamento para análise do modelo de compras conjuntas adotado em arranjos produtivos locais de Minas Gerais
Authors: Delalibera Pedro Henrique Athanasio , Lima Renato Silva , Turrioni João Batista
Published: March 2015

Considerando que em muitas empresas o valor da compra de suprimentos é bastante significativo, o bom gerenciamento da função compras e do relacionamento com fornecedores pode assegurar maior competitividade aos seus produtos e serviços, trazendo melhores resultados aos acionistas. Todavia, esse tema ainda parece ser um privilégio das grandes organizações. Por limitações internas e externas, as pequenas e médias empresas estão à margem da gestão de relacionamento com fornecedores e da correta gestão de compras. Muitas pequenas e médias empresas, com intuito de superar as várias limitações gerenciais ou tecnológicas, dentre elas as limitações relacionadas ao gerenciamento da cadeia de suprimentos, puderam se organizar em Arranjos Produtivos Locais (APLs), fundamentalmente atuantes no setor industrial. Esse tipo de arranjo é formado por empresas pertencentes a um setor específico, onde há concorrência, mas também há práticas de cooperação. Dentre essas práticas destaca-se o compartilhamento e união dos lotes de compras, através do processo de compras conjuntas. Nesse contexto, o objetivo do trabalho é analisar os modelos de compras conjuntas adotados pelos Arranjos Produtivos Locais industriais concentradas no estado de Minas Gerais. Para tanto foi estruturada e aplicada uma pesquisa levantamento junto às empresas pertencentes aos APLs industriais mineiros. Com os resultados obtidos pôde-se concluir que, de modo geral, as compras conjuntas em Arranjos Produtivos Locais Mineiros são incipientes e não sistemáticas.
Cocriação de valor no transporte rodoviário de carga fracionada: um estudo de caso
Authors: Silva Max Roberto da , Borges Igor Roberto , Pereira Giancarlo Medeiros , Borchardt Miriam , Sellitto Miguel Afonso
Published: March 2015

Este artigo investiga se a cocriação de valor pode ser aplicada pelos prestadores de serviços de transporte. O estudo focalizou os transportadores e operadores logísticos. Um estudo de caso múltiplo foi realizado. Constructos afetos ao tema cocriação de valor foram extraídos da literatura para a consolidação da fundamentação teórica da pesquisa. Os seguintes tópicos foram investigados: demandas de valor dos compradores, critérios utilizados pelos compradores para avaliar o valor oferecido pelos prestadores de serviços e a possibilidade de cocriação de valor entre os compradores e vendedores. Os achados apontam duas principais barreiras para a cocriação de valor nos serviços de transporte, a saber: um grande número de prestadores de serviços (o que força os provedores de serviço a focalizar essencialmente a dimensão custo dos serviços) e as exigências dos clientes. A combinação dos referidos elementos sugere a impossibilidade de adoção de cocriação no contexto estudado. Esses resultados também podem indicar a existência de um limite inferior para a abordagem de valor no setor de serviços (por caso, nos serviços de transporte de carga).
Green manufacturing: uma análise da produção científica e de tendências para o futuro
Authors: Silva Diogo Aparecido Lopes , Silva Eraldo Jannone da , Ometto Aldo Roberto
Published: March 2015

O objetivo deste artigo foi realizar uma análise da produção científica internacional na área de green manufacturing. Foi utilizada a base de dados Web of Science, tendo sido mapeados 239 artigos no período de 1991 a 2013. As publicações envolveram 589 autores, de 36 países, 246 instituições e 142 diferentes periódicos/conferências. Destaca-se que 51,4% dos artigos foram publicados nos últimos cinco anos. Entre os países mais prolíficos destacaram-se os Estados Unidos e a China. O periódico mais prolífico foi o Journal of Cleaner Production, com 19 artigos no período. Sobre a análise de autoria, destacou-se a categoria one-timers, com 85,7% das publicações. A maior produção foi de 11 artigos por autor e o mais citado recebeu 368 citações. Conclui-se que a temática teve uma ascensão expressiva nos últimos anos, com foco em estudos teóricos e teórico-empíricos.
Estratégia de gestão de múltiplos canais de distribuição: um estudo na indústria brasileira de alimentos
Authors: Silva Vivian-Lara dos Santos , Souza Roberta de Castro , Silva Anne Aparecida Porto da , Saes Maria Sylvia Macchione
Published: March 2015

Este artigo tem como objetivo investigar a gestão de canais múltiplos de distribuição realizada por relevantes indústrias brasileiras de alimentos. Para tal, foi conduzido estudo exploratório em dois estágios: referindo-se à condução de entrevistas a distância com gestores da área de suprimentos (junto a seis empresas), seguidas de entrevistas presenciais (em duas empresas selecionadas da amostra inicial). Independentemente do porte ou segmento de atuação, o estudo evidencia a busca por parte do elo processador de distribuir seus produtos por meio da combinação de dois formatos de varejo (grande e pequeno/médio) com, ao menos, mais um canal, com tendência positiva ao emprego de formatos alternativos, entre os quais o marketing direto. Corroborando a premissa central do estudo, a percepção dos entrevistados é que a gestão de múltiplos canais revela-se estratégica para o elo processador ao permitir atenuar o maior poder comparativo do grande varejo, dada a possibilidade de maior cobertura de mercado, customização nas vendas e melhor atendimento dos anseios dos consumidores.
Modelo de alinhamento estratégico de produção – MAP: contribuição teórica para a área de estratégia de produção
Authors: Lira Ana Claudia de Queiroz , Gomes Maria de Lourdes Barreto , Cavalcanti Vladyr Yuri Soares de Lima
Published: March 2015

O fio condutor de investigação desse trabalho parte dos estudos sobre as abordagens de conteúdo e de processo de formulação de estratégias de produção e da constatação de que a avaliação do desempenho competitivo de produção de uma determinada unidade produtiva, bem como a força estratégica de sua função de produção vai além do entendimento sobre a ligação entre prioridades competitivas e áreas de decisão de produção. Dessa forma, foi proposto o modelo de alinhamento estratégico de produção – MAP, que explora essa avaliação de desempenho em quatro níveis de análise inter-relacionados: nível 1 – posições competitivas da empresa e da manufatura; nível 2 – posição competitiva de manufatura e paradigma estratégico de gestão de manufatura; nível 3 – paradigma estratégico de gestão de manufatura e estratégia de produção; nível 4 – prioridades competitivas e rede de valor de operações. A partir de uma discussão teórica envolvida em cada nível de análise do modelo, é possível afirmar que o modelo proposto se constitui em um arcabouço teórico importante de orientação, avaliação e análise da importância estratégica da função de produção nas empresas.
Proposta de um método multicritério para escolha múltipla
Authors: Hora Henrique Rego Monteiro da , Costa Helder Gomes
Published: March 2015

Este trabalho tem como objetivo propor uma solução multicritério para a problemática de escolha múltipla dentro do mesmo problema decisório, partindo da hipótese de que as n melhores alternativas em uma ordenação não são necessariamente o melhor conjunto de n alternativas. Por meio de uma pesquisa experimental, simula-se um problema de recrutamento, onde se deseja escolher três candidatos entre dez. O MEM – Multiplex Electionis Methodus – oferece uma solução para esse problema partindo da modelagem tradicional dos problemas decisórios, com matriz de pagamentos e vetor de pesos, e agregando uma matriz de complementaridade entre critérios. Os resultados apontam que a melhor opção tripla não são as três opções melhores colocadas em uma ordenação simples e cumpre-se o objetivo do trabalho ao confirmar a hipótese declarada, contrariando a decisão intuitiva de admitir que as n primeiras alternativas são o melhor conjunto de n alternativas.
Implication of the changing concept of genes on plant breeder's work
Authors: Resende Kátia Ferreira Marques de , Santos Fernanda Motta da Costa , D. Dias Marco Aurélio , Ramalho Magno Antônio Patto
Published: March 2015

The recent genome sequencing of some species has accumulated evidence that for a large number of traits, the control and action of genes are far more complex than previously thought. This article discusses possible implications of new insights into the gene concept on the work of plant breeders. Apparently, the successful application of biotechnological techniques is not as simple as once assumed. The evident changes in the available concept of genes confirmed what the past experience had shown, i.e, selection should focus on the phenotype, under the same conditions as the plant is to be cultivated in. Advanced vocational training of plant breeders must be continuously maintained, focusing on phenotype-based selection in as accurate as possible experiments.
Pore water pressure changes of supercooling and ice nucleation stages during freezing point testing
Authors: Zhang L. , MA W. , Yang C.
Published: March 2015

Investigation of the pore water pressure during soil freezing is essential for exploring frost heave mechanisms such as water migration and the initiation of ice lenses. The pore water pressures of fine-grained silty clay were measured during freezing point testing under closed-system conditions. Two soil samples, with degrees of saturation of 63⋅03 and 69⋅60%, were tested. Based on the experimental results, soil freezing during freezing point testing was divided into three stages – supercooling, free water freezing and bound water freezing. Supercooling and ice nucleation stages were definitely observed during freezing point testing. The pore water pressure remained almost constant during the supercooling stage but increased slightly during ice nucleation. The pore water pressure change was related to the freezing process of pore water in different states.
An organisation for improving flood resilience in Thailand
Authors: Chinnarasri Chaiyuth , Porkaew Kriengkrai
Published: March 2015

The extensive flooding in 2011 severely affected all economic sectors in Thailand and had a broad impact on the country. The aim of this study was to analyse the problems and failures involved in previous flood management. The research methodology involved document reviews, visits to selected organisations, expert interviews, and seminars. The collected data were analysed using the SWOT technique to determine the advantages and disadvantages and the forms of the current action plans of the core organisations. The results of the study were summarised, and recommendations were provided as follows: (a) speed up the establishment of the Ministry of Water Resources and develop the organisation's structure to integrate the core units and agencies, water governance and relevant information; (b) expedite the amendments relating to the standing national committee concerned with the issue of water management and water disasters; and (c) provide a system for the management of information on water resources in the form of a national data archive centre, which would have the primary responsibility for gathering data and for the analysis and dissemination of information to the individuals and agencies involved.
Perfil Epidemiológico da Violência contra o idoso no município de Aracaju
Authors: Santos Elisangela Moura , Soares Ana Celia Melo , Fonseca Vania , Oliveira Lidiane Gonçalves Ferreira de
Published: March 2015

O crescimento da população idosa tem suscitado reflexões sobre o processo de envelhecimento e os fenômenos decorrentes dessa etapa da vida, a exemplo da violência contra esse grupo etário. Como forma de contribuir para a discussão do tema, este estudo visou caracterizar os casos de violência contra a população idosa a partir dos dados disponibilizados no Sistema de Informação de Agravos de Notificação (SINAN) entre os anos de 2011 a 2013 no município de Aracaju. As variáveis analisadas nesse estudo foram: sexo, idade, escolaridade, situação conjugal, bairro de residência, tipo de violência e local da ocorrência da agressão da vítima; sexo dos agressores, vínculo da vítima e número de envolvidos. Os dados foram tabulados no programa TABWIN e as informações processadas através da estatística descritiva. Nos anos analisados, as idosas foram as maiores vítimas das agressões em todas as faixas etárias, destacando os filhos como os maiores responsáveis pela agressão que ocorreu, em sua maioria, dentro da residência das vítimas. Os bairros que apresentaram maior número de notificação de violência contra a pessoa idosa foram: Olaria, Santos Dumont e Siqueira Campos. A partir dos resultados desse estudo, observa-se que o SINAN se constitui como um instrumento importante de monitoramento da violência, por isso, sugere-se o treinamento e a sensibilização dos profissionais para a notificação da violência, bem como a realização de outras pesquisas para compreender melhor esse fenômeno que atinge a população idosa e possibilitar o planejamento de ações intersetoriais que contribuam para o enfrentamento dessa expressão da questão social.
O patrimônio cultural e currículo: os sentidos de juventudes em questão
Authors: Venera Raquel ALS , Andrade Ana GIostri
Published: March 2015

Este artigo apresenta parte dos resultados da uma dissertação de mestrado em Patrimônio Cultural e Sociedade, especialmente no ponto em que se aproximaram os campos do Patrimônio Cultural e da Educação de forma interdisciplinar a partir das Teorias do Discurso. A empiria analisada foi o texto do Programa Nacional de Inclusão de jovens: educação, qualificação e ação comunitária, ProJovem, de 2006. Uma política que funciona como um disparador de “currículos” para os jovens brasileiros de baixa renda e excluídos do mercado de trabalho. Interessou na pesquisa saber quais os sentidos de juventudes apresentados nesse texto e o discurso, posto nessa textualidade, enquanto agenciamentos de sentidos politicamente situados. Ernesto Laclau foi o principal teórico que fundamentou a metodologia e possibilitou tomar o conceito de juventude como ‘significante vazio’, e perceber a forma como ele vai se construindo no contexto dessa política, em cadeias de equivalências em que concorrem para a conceituação hegemônica do termo. Na aproximação dos dois campos foi possível capturar as formas de vida dos jovens construídas dentro e fora da escola, como valorização de um patrimônio cultural juvenil e tomar o currículo escolar enquanto lócus de construção de sentidos sociais hegemônicos. O jovem de baixa renda, posto como vulnerável e pouco engajado pelo texto do programa, é convocado a integrar-se na sociedade por meio dos sentidos de trabalho e cidadania chancelados pelos conteúdos formais da escola.
As conversas de Eduardo Coutinho: análise do método de entrevista em sua obra documental
Authors: Dos Santos Rodolfo Oliveira , Simonard Pedro Henrique
Published: March 2015

O artigo tem por objetivo investigar o processo de construção do discurso nas obras documentais de Eduardo Coutinho, analisando seu método de entrevista e como este afeta o comportamento dos personagens na execução da obra. A hipótese central do trabalho é a de que a intervenção do documentarista no diálogo com as personagens durante a gravação das entrevistas permite a captura de um comportamento autêntico e maior desinibição dessas. Tem como objeto a análise de duas obras deste diretor: Edifício Master (2002) e O fim e o princípio (2006). A proposta deste trabalho é analisar o método de abordagem de Coutinho para com suas personagens. Como são construídas, modificadas e representadas no produto final, o filme.
FIGURAS LEGAIS NA INTEGRAÇÃO PRODUTIVA, ARGENTINA E BRASIL: NEGÓCIOS ASSOCIATIVOS PRA PEQUENAS E MÉDIAS EMPRESAS
Authors: Torres Raineri Marta Lucila , Arjol Martín Alfredo
Published: March 2015

O estudo analisa formas legais contratuais de cooperação empresarial da Argentina e do Brasil, para a Integração Produtiva do Mercosul, em especial pequenas e médias empresas.

O estudo utilizou o método dedutivo, com base na descrição do âmbito do Programa de Integração Produtiva do Mercosul, colocando o caso na regulação dos diferentes regimes legais contratuais, no direito interno de cada país.

Este programa visa gerar esquemas de associação regionais, com base em projetos de negócios acordados entre empresas independentes, em um relacionamento estável ao longo do tempo. A Joint Venture é um instrumento para a associação de empresas em projetos de complementação produtiva.

O contrato de Joint Venture poderia ser implementado em cada país, pelo acordos de complementação produtiva, Joint Venture e Consórcios de Complementação na Argentina, e do Consórcio de Empresas no Brasil.

Enquanto a União Transitória Argentina e as empresas brasileiras Consórcios, têm algumas semelhanças, exigem adaptações das normas internas dos países, na condições legais semelhantes, para uma efetiva e potencial Integração Produtiva regional.
LIBERDADE RELIGIOSA COMO DIREITO ÉTNICO
Authors: De Lima Kellen Josephine Muniz , Oliveira Ilzver de Matos , Hoenisch Júlio César Diniz
Published: March 2015

No Brasil, no campo das liberdades individuais, a

elevação da liberdade religiosa ao status de direito

fundamental se consolidou com a promulgação

da Constituição Federal de 1988, por meio do art.

5º, incisos VI, VII e VIII, que estatuiu a liberdade de

consciência, de culto e de crença. Assim, o presente

trabalho se filia ao estudo e análise da temática

da liberdade religiosa como um direito humano

fundamental, da intolerância religiosa às religiões

afro-brasileiras e do conteúdo de etnicidade que

esse debate traz ao direito constitucional. Nesse

sentido, a pesquisa aqui apresentada tem por objetivo

geral analisar se o Judiciário é um agente capaz

de apresentar as respostas esperadas pelas religiões

afro-brasileiras quando elas são alvo de intolerância

religiosa, especialmente no que se refere ao reconhecimento

da violação de direito constitucionalmente

garantido. Como objetivos específicos, nos

propusemos a discutir a construção da intolerância

às religiões afro-brasileiras, a judicialização das

suas demandas, o reconhecimento constitucional e

legal da violência sofrida, a existência de um direito

constitucional étnico.
O RECONHECIMENTO DO DIREITO AO ESQUECIMENTO E O MACHISMO JUDICIAL
Authors: Amorim Hêica Souza
Published: March 2015

O objeto desta pesquisa reflete sobre a aplicação

do direito ao esquecimento e machismo judicial.

O objetivo é investigar o reconhecimento do direito

ao esquecimento como ferramenta de tutela à

dignidade da pessoa humana e a tendenciosa desigualdade

de gênero perpetrada por parte do STJ por

ocasião do julgamento dos casos em comento. Para

tanto, utilizou-se o método dedutivo, com subsídio

em pesquisa bibliográfica e documental e a sucessão

de três etapas. Na primeira, buscou-se examinar

o discurso judicial com a observância de alguns

casos julgados pelo STJ, estabelecendo-se alguns

fundamentos que sustentam o direito ao esquecimento.

Na segunda, estudou-se o princípio da dignidade

da pessoa humana e os fundamentos para

o reconhecimento do direito ao esquecimento sob

o enfoque do marco normativo brasileiro e transnacional

e doutrinário. Na terceira e última etapa,

investigou-se que o STJ foi tendencioso à desigualdade

de gênero no que incumbe ao reconhecimento

do direito ao esquecimento de alguns casos julgados.

A principal conclusão que se chegou é que é

adequada a fundamentação jurídica do direito ao

esquecimento, pois tal direito decorre da dignidade

da pessoa humana e é categorizado como bem da

personalidade, por outro lado, se aponta o machismo

judicial do STJ de forma a reconhecer o direito

ao esquecimento aos autores do sexo masculino e

rejeitá-lo a autores do sexo feminino.
A IMPROBIDADE ADMINSTRATIVA FRENTE OS PRINCÍPIOS CONSTITUCIONAIS DA ADMINISTRAÇÃO PÚBLICA E SUA EFETIVIDADE PERANTE A ESFERA ELEITORAL
Authors: Kemp Lima João Paulo
Published: March 2015

Resumo: Partindo da análise do direito constitucional, e consequentemente dos princípios da administração pública frente a improbidade administrativa, o presente artigo tem como objetivo analisar a aplicabilidade das sansões previstas na referida lei, bem como a caracterização somente com seu elemento subjetivo de dolo, sendo a culpa uma excludente de ilicitude por parte do ato do administrativo que fere os princípios da legalidade, impessoalidade, moralidade, publicidade e eficiência e sua observância na esfera eleitoral por conta da lei de ficha limpa. Para tanto, o critério metodológico empregado, para realizar essa reflexão reside no método hipotético-dedutivo, partindo-se de uma análise bibliográfica e documental baseada em leituras especializadas envolvendo a princípios constitucionais, em contraponto com o direito administrativo, assim como os princípios da administração pública. Desta forma, após comprovar que a culpa deveria ser incluída como elemento subjetivo para um bom andamento administrativo-social, pretende demonstrar que este é um dos requisitos para o controle de desvio de finalidade administrativo.
SELF-REGULATING IN INFRASTRUCTURAL ENTERPRISES OF NATURAL MONOPOLIES
Authors: Trachuk A. V.
Published: March 2015

This article analyses the perspectives of using self-regulating in natural monopoly enterprises. A hypothesis is presented and proved that the conditions for using self-regulating in these enterprises appear only in existing competition medium. It is reasoned that “pure” self-regulation is hardly possible and most suitable option for them is co-regulation (on the examples of electric power and heat supply industries), while the state should keep possibility in principle of influencing self-regulatory body decisions.
INCREASING EFFICIENCY OF SELF-REGULATING ORGANIZATIONS OF INSOLVENCY OFFICERS
Authors: Alferov V. N.
Published: March 2015

Improving types of public regulation, using potentials of self-regulation institution, including self-regulating organizations of insolvency officers (SRO) are gaining crucial importance these days. Inspite the requirements set for insolvency officers (IO), their professionalism and the quality of their work remain poor, the number of administrative violations is rising. SRO hardly manage to control IO professional activities and their compliance with applicable law. The salvation for this problem lies in eliminating existing inefficient norms and searching for ways of improving efficiency of IO and SRO professional activities.
UNIFIED COMPLEX LEGAL SYSTEM OF SELF-REGULATION AS INNOVATIVE FACTOR OF INCREASING EFFICIENCY OF SRO AND INSOLVENCY OFFICER ACTIVITY
Authors: Akulova N. G. , Voronkov S. O.
Published: March 2015

The article analyses problems of self-regulating organizations of insolvency officers’ and insolvency officers’ activities on the current stage of economic growth. Suggestions on creating complex legal system as an innovative mechanism of increasing efficiency of self-regulating organizations of insolvency officers’ and their members’ activities are made.
Response of N cycling to nutrient inputs in forest soils across a 1000–3000 m elevation gradient in the Ecuadorian Andes
Authors: Baldos Angelica P. , Corre Marife D. , Veldkamp Edzo
Published: March 2015

Large areas in the tropics receive elevated atmospheric nutrient inputs. Presently, little is known on how nitrogen (N) cycling in tropical montane forest soils will respond to such increased nutrient inputs. We assessed how gross rates of mineral N production (N mineralization and nitrification) and microbial N retention (NH4+ and NO3− immobilization and dissimilatory NO3− reduction to NH4+ [DNRA]) change with elevated N and phosphorus (P) inputs in montane forest soils at 1000‐, 2000‐, and 3000‐m elevations in south Ecuador. At each elevation, four replicate plots (20 × 20 m each) of control, N (added at 50 kg N·ha−1·yr−1), P (added at 10 kg P·ha−1·yr−1), and combined N + P additions have been established since 2008. We measured gross N cycling rates in 2010 and 2011, using 15N pool dilution techniques with in situ incubation of intact soil cores taken from the top 5 cm of soil. In control plots, gross soil‐N cycling rates decreased with increase in elevation, and microbial N retention was tightly coupled with mineral N production. At 1000 m and 2000 m, four‐year N and combined N + P additions increased gross mineral N production but decreased NH4+ and NO3− immobilization and DNRA compared to the control. At 3000 m, four‐year N and combined N + P additions increased gross N mineralization rates and decreased DNRA compared to the control; although NH4+ and NO3− immobilization in the N and N + P plots were not different from the control, these were lower than their respective mineral N production. At all elevations, decreased microbial N retention was accompanied by decreased microbial biomass C and C:N ratio. P addition did not affect any of the soil‐N cycling processes. Our results signified that four years of N addition, at a rate expected to occur at these sites, uncoupled the soil‐N cycling processes, as indicated by decreased microbial N retention. This fast response of soil‐N cycling processes across elevations implies that greater attention should be paid to the biological implications on montane forests of such uncoupled soil‐N cycling.
Ecology in an anthropogenic biosphere
Authors: Ellis Erle C.
Published: March 2015

Humans, unlike any other multicellular species in Earth's history, have emerged as a global force that is transforming the ecology of an entire planet. It is no longer possible to understand, predict, or successfully manage ecological pattern, process, or change without understanding why and how humans reshape these over the long term. Here, a general causal theory is presented to explain why human societies gained the capacity to globally alter the patterns, processes, and dynamics of ecology and how these anthropogenic alterations unfold over time and space as societies themselves change over human generational time. Building on existing theories of ecosystem engineering, niche construction, inclusive inheritance, cultural evolution, ultrasociality, and social change, this theory of anthroecological change holds that sociocultural evolution of subsistence regimes based on ecosystem engineering, social specialization, and non‐kin exchange, or “sociocultural niche construction,” is the main cause of both the long‐term upscaling of human societies and their unprecedented transformation of the biosphere. Human sociocultural niche construction can explain, where classic ecological theory cannot, the sustained transformative effects of human societies on biogeography, ecological succession, ecosystem processes, and the ecological patterns and processes of landscapes, biomes, and the biosphere. Anthroecology theory generates empirically testable hypotheses on the forms and trajectories of long‐term anthropogenic ecological change that have significant theoretical and practical implications across the subdisciplines of ecology and conservation. Though still at an early stage of development, anthroecology theory aligns with and integrates established theoretical frameworks including social–ecological systems, social metabolism, countryside biogeography, novel ecosystems, and anthromes. The “fluxes of nature” are fast becoming “cultures of nature.” To investigate, understand, and address the ultimate causes of anthropogenic ecological change, not just the consequences, human sociocultural processes must become as much a part of ecological theory and practice as biological and geophysical processes are now. Strategies for achieving this goal and for advancing ecological science and conservation in an increasingly anthropogenic biosphere are presented.
Associations Between Serum 25‐Hydroxyvitamin D and Periodontal Pocketing and Gingival Bleeding: Results of a Study in a Non‐Smoking Population in Finland
Authors: Antonoglou Georgios N. , Suominen Anna Liisa , Knuuttila Matti , Ylöstalo Pekka , Ojala Meeri , Männistö Satu , Marniemi Jukka , Lundqvist Annamari , Tervonen Tellervo
Published: March 2015

Background: Apart from the effects of vitamin D on bone metabolism, it is also known for its immunomodulatory properties. However, so far, it is not clear whether serum 25‐hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] exerts any beneficial effect on the periodontium. The aim of the present study is to investigate whether the serum level of 25(OH)D is related to periodontal condition, measured by means of pocketing and gingival bleeding.

Methods: This cross‐sectional study is based on a non‐smoking subpopulation without diabetes of the Finnish Health 2000 Survey (N = 1,262). Periodontal condition was measured as the number of teeth with deep (≥4 mm) periodontal pockets and the number of bleeding sextants per individual. Serum 25(OH)D level was determined by means of a standard laboratory measurement. Prevalence rate ratios and 95% confidence intervals were estimated using Poisson regression models.

Results: There were practically no associations between serum 25(OH)D level and teeth with deep (≥4 mm) periodontal pockets or bleeding sextants. A somewhat lower proportion of teeth with deep periodontal pockets was found in higher serum 25(OH)D quintiles among individuals with a good oral hygiene level.

Conclusion: Serum 25(OH)D did not seem to be related to periodontal condition, measured as periodontal pocketing and gingival bleeding in this low‐risk, low‐25(OH)D status population.
Quantification of Lovastatin Produced by Monascus purpureus
Authors: Seenivasan A. , Gummadi Sathyanarayana N. , Panda Tapobrata , Théodore Thomas
Published: March 2015

Development of a novel method for the quantification of lovastatin is an interesting problem in the analytical field. In the literature, many reports use spectrophotometric method for the quantification of lovastatin. However, the analysis of fermentation broth containing lovastatin appears to be inaccurate using spectrophotometric method. Hence, the estimation of lovastatin produced by Monascus purpureus and pure lovastatin was attempted by UV-visible spectrophotometer as well as HPLC. It was observed that the analogues and/or intermediates of lovastatin synthesized in the fermentation broth and the products of fermentation caused superimposition effect on the absorption spectrum. Phosphate is a medium constituent for the production of lovastatin by the organism which contributed significantly to the superimposition of absorption spectrum. On the other hand, HPLC analysis consistently gave reliable results for the estimation of lovastatin under all the experimental conditions studied.
Design of Low-frequency Vibration Detection System
Authors: Ji-feng Ding , Shuang Xu , Ya-ning Yang
Published: March 2015

In order to improve the accuracy, feasibility and convenience of the vibration detection system, design a simple
and practical low-frequency vibration detection system. This system is designed based on STM32 platform, composed
of shaping circuit, the measurement of vibration signal, wireless transmission and TFT touch screen display module,
μC/OS-II embedded system transplantation, miniGUI interface design, and finally realize the display of waveform and
frequency of vibration signal. By testing this system, find that it is stable, reliable and real-time, basically reached the expected
requirements and can be very good to meet the actual demand, which has a widespread application prospect.
Gait Generation and Control of a Hexapod Walking Robot
Authors: Ya-xin Yu , Bo Jin
Published: March 2015

In this paper, the mechanical structure of a hexapod walking robot is presented and the kinematic model is established.
The foot trajectory of each leg, which is optimized by genetic algorithms to minimize energetic cost, was proposed
with two different gait patterns applied. Control system was divided into coordination-layer and execution-layer.
Coordination-layer, was a PC responsible, for whole system’s regulation. It could calculate each joint’s expected trajectory
according to user’s definitions, and then transmitted object position data to execution-layer through serial port. The execution-
layer used LPC2132 based on ARM7 for core controller. Control system realized the human-machine interaction,
gait generation, complex kinematic calculation and servomotor control. Experimental results of the robot shows that it
could walk smoothly without obvious body undulation.
Experiment of Polarization Forces in Scanning Electrostatic Force Microscopy for Measuring Surface Profile of Dielectric
Authors: He Gaofa , Jia Zhigang , Ito So , Shimizu Yuki , Gao Wei
Published: March 2015

For measuring the surface profile of many micro-optical components with complicated shapes, which are made
of non-conductive material, the electrostatic force microscopy (EFM) was recommended. The relationship between the
polarization force and the tip-to-sample distance was analyzed based on dielectric polarization theory. The prototype of
the scanning electrostatic force microscopy was built. The force curves of different samples with different materials and
surface shapes were detected by the EFM prototype. Both theoretical analysis and the experimental results demonstrated
that the EFM system can be used to measure the surface profile of non-conductor.
Research of Conceptual Relation Extraction Based on Improved Hierarchical Clustering Method
Authors: Xie Caiyun , Wu Junyun
Published: March 2015

The main task of Ontology learning is concept extraction and conceptual relation extraction. This paper mainly
studies the latter. Conceptual relation consists of taxonomic relation and non-taxonomic relation. It introduces hierarchy
clustering method, and uses concept hierarchy clustering method which chooses different clustering standards in each hierarchy
to obtain the taxonomic relation. It improves the accuracy of the relationship extraction. For extracting the nontaxonomic
relation, this paper uses a extended association rule, this method can get concrete names of relation, and confirms
the domain and range. In the end, the paper uses the introduced method of Ontology Learning to constructing a domain
ontology in the law. And it completes the implementation of an Ontology-based semantic retrieval system. The final
effect of this system application demonstrates that this Ontology learning method is efficient.
Filter Design Based on DSP Builder
Authors: Ji-feng Ding , Shuang Xu , Jun-xing Zhang , Ya-ning Yang
Published: March 2015

Presents a method to realize FIR filter based on DSP Builder, FIR design using a relatively independent function
of circuit module and subsystems in the design, it can easily realize the filtering function of FIR, simplified the design,
modular design method greatly shortens the development cycle, make the system have been optimized in the chip area and
timing analysis etc. Experimental results show that the filtering performance of the filter is good, and completely suitable
for use in practical engineering in various signal processing.
Field Analysis on Magnetic Transmission Mechanism of Downhole Turbine Generator
Authors: Sisi Li , Yong Peng
Published: March 2015

New downhole turbine generator can transmit the high speed rotation of the turbine to the rotor of the generator
without contact by magnetic transmission mechanism to provide continuous power. Driving torque on magnetic transmission
mechanism is a key parameter. This paper mainly studies the field on magnetic transmission mechanism of downhole
turbine generator by using ANSYS software. The effects of thickness of permanent magnets, thickness of distance sleeve,
the average radius of working field, air gaps and rotating speed on torque were quantitatively analyzed, and eddy current
in distance sleeve with different structure parameters was also analyzed. Through the analysis, it can be shown that the influence
of the eddy current in distance sleeve should be considered when designing the transmission mechanism to avoid
reducing large torque. The size of magnetic transmission mechanism should be optimized for the design goal of large
torque and low eddy current, avoiding overheating and making sure that the generator works normally.
Study on Energy Efficient Operation of Air-Conditioning Cooling Water System
Authors: Liang Wang , Lu-lu Yang , Ya-bin Tian
Published: March 2015

The control logic of frequency adjustment for pump and cooling tower fan has been presented in this paper,
based on the operation mode of a chiller with one pump and one cooling tower. Optimum outlet water temperature control
of cooing tower has been put forward through analysis and comparison among factors influencing it, based on measured
data. A mathematical model of energy consumption has been established under different outdoor wet-bulb temperature
and load rate conditions. The optimized controlling strategy has been obtained after the analysis on energy consumption
under two different operational strategies with different number of cooling towers in service. In partial load condition, the
best operation mode of cooling water system is the optimal water outlet temperature control system, which aims at the
lowest comprehensive system energy consumption. Cooling water system can match the best temperature difference and
determine the fan frequency according to optimum outlet temperature automatically. Variable frequency control should be
applied to fans; meanwhile, routing maintenance and cleaning is also needed for an even distribution of water and effective
use of heat exchange area.
Residual Static Strength of Tubular T-Joints with Fatigue Surface Cracks
Authors: Song Sheng-zhi , Wei Jian-Jun
Published: March 2015

To study the influence of surface fatigue cracks on the static strength of circular tubular T-joints, experimental
tests on four full-scale circular tubular T-joints are carried out. Firstly, surface fatigue cracks are prefabricated by fatigue
test in three circular tubular T-joints. Thereafter, experimental tests on the static strength of all the circular tubular T-joints
with and without fatigue cracks under axial tension are carried out. Through the comparative analysis, the influences of
the fatigue crack on the failure mode and the static strength of circular tubular T-joints are concluded.
An Automatic Fault Recognition Method for Side Frame Key in TFDS
Authors: Sun Guodong , Feng Wei , Zhao Daxing , Yang Linjie
Published: March 2015

Trouble of moving Freight car Detection System (TFDS) constitutes an important part of the railway safety warning systems. With TFDS, dynamic images of freight cars are captured by high-speed cameras, timely transmitted to the train inspection center by special optical fiber network and finally observed for fault recognition. In this paper, an automatic fault recognition method for side frame key in TFDS is proposed based on open source computer vision library (OpenCV) to overcome the disadvantages of manual fault recognition. At first, image preprocessing and segmentation are applied to eliminate the impact of the surrounding environment and further simplify images. Then the axle and through-hole are calibrated through Hough circle transformation and the side frame key is located indirectly according to the geometric relationship among the axle, through-hole and side frame key. Finally, the difference of mean gray values in the region of interest (ROI) is analyzed to judge whether the side frame key is missing or not. Featured by the high efficiency, reliability and practicability, the proposed method lays the foundation for engineering applications in automatic fault recognition of freight cars.
Research on Parametric Design of Hydraulic Retarder Based on Multi-Field Coupling of Heat, Fluid and Solid
Authors: Wang Kuiyang , Tang Jinhua , Li Guoqing
Published: March 2015

In order to optimize the design method and improve the performance of hydraulic retarder, the numerical
simulation of multi-field coupling of heat, fluid and solid is carried out to hydraulic retarder, based on the numerical
computation and algorithm of heat-fluid coupling and fluid-solid coupling. The computation models of heat-fluid coupling
and fluid-solid coupling of hydraulic retarder are created. The three dimensional model of hydraulic retarder is established
based on CATIA software, and the whole flow passage model of hydraulic retarder is extracted on the basis of the three
dimensional model established. Based on the CFD calculation and the finite element numerical simulation, the
temperature field, stress field, deformation and stress state are analysised to hydraulic retarder in the state of whole filling
when the rotate speed is 1600 r/min. In consideration of rotating centrifugal force, thermal stress and air exciting vibration
force of blade surface, by using the sequential coupling method, the flow field characteristics of hydraulic retarder and
dynamic characteristics of blade structure are analysised and researched based on multi-field coupling of heat, fluid and
solid. These provide the theoretical foundation and references for parametric design of hydraulic retarder.
Forced Response of an Electromagnetic Harmonic Movable Tooth Drive
System to Current Excitation
Authors: Liang Yongli , Xu Lizhong
Published: March 2015

In this study, the authors proposed an electromagnetic harmonic movable tooth drive system. , The forced
response equation of the drive system to exciting currents was developed. Using this equation, the forced responses of the
drive system to exciting currents were investigated. The results show that the forced responses of the drive system to the
exciting currents were affected by mechanical and electric parameters. To reduce the vibrating amplitudes, smaller coil
current, flexible ring radius, and average static displacement of the flexible ring, increased thickness of the flexible ring,
clearance between the flexible ring and coils, and coil pole pair number should be taken into account. The results can be
used for designing the system and further study of the dynamics performance of the drive system.
Influence Analysis on Heat Effect of Size Parameter for Mold Heat System of Large-Scale Wind Turbine Blade
Authors: Sun Pengwen , Gao Jiajia , Xing Zhejian , Zhang Yuan
Published: March 2015

Wind turbine blade is the key component of wind power system. Curing is one of the important processes in its
production of large-scale composite wind turbine blade. Mold heating system of circulating water affects the quality of
resin curing and the productive efficiency of turbine blade directly. The heat transfer model of heating system for 1.2 MW
wind turbine blade is built, and influencing analysis of size parameters on heating effect to mold heating system, such as
thickness of heat conduction layer, thickness of insulating layer, inner diameter of parallel pipeline, wall thickness of pipe
and distance between pipes are accomplished in this paper. The conclusion provides reference for determining variables
and their span of system optimum design.
Structure Analysis and Optimization for Compacting System of Asphalt
Paver
Authors: Jian Sun
Published: March 2015

Compound motion of double-tamper mechanism causes an impact force on the frame of flatiron-box, which
affects the quality of the load when the asphalt paver is running. Different from the previous simplified model, in this
paper, the double-tamper mechanism with two parallel slider-cranks is considered. According to the analysis of the
structure and principle of the mechanism, and considering the size and mass distribution of each component, the inertia
force balance optimization for the double vibrating mechanism is calculated. According to the results of optimization, the
vibration experiments were carried out on real screed. The experimental results show that, the harmful inertial force
produced by the dual tamping mechanism has been significantly reduced, and the stability of vibration can be effectively
improved when screed is paving. The research could provide reliable theoretical method and basis for design,
manufacturing and use of asphalt concrete paver.