bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Oroantral Communication as an Osteotome Sinus Elevation Complication
Authors: Anzalone Jeffrey V. , Vastardis Sotirios
Published: June 2010

The sinus elevation procedure is a predictable technique to allow for placement of dental implants in the posterior maxilla when the height of the alveolar ridge is limited. The sinus elevation can be performed by various techniques. In the crestal approach, bone graft is utilized to hydraulically elevate the sinus membrane through an osteotomy prepared in the alveolar crest. The implant can be placed either immediately or at a later surgery. This is a case report of an oroantral communication that developed as a complication to a sinus elevation surgery performed with the crestal approach. A 54-year-old female patient presented for dental implant treatment. The patient reported sleep apnea and smoking. Full-thickness flap was reflected in the posterior maxilla and using trephines, an osteotomy was prepared, 1 mm short of the sinus. The trephined core of bone was pushed into the sinus using osteotomes. Particulate bone graft was introduced through the osteotomy to elevate the sinus membrane, and a collagen membrane was used over the bone graft. Six days after surgery, the patient returned to the clinic with an oroantral communication. The patient reported that she was using a positive-pressure breathing mask at night because of sleep apnea. A flap was extended to the tuberosity area and was rotated palatally to achieve closure. The use of the pressure breathing mask was discontinued. The oroantral communication was successfully closed. Relatively few complications have been reported using the osteotome sinus elevation technique. The use of a positive pressure mask may have complicated a sinus elevation surgery. Other factors that may have contributed to this complication include smoking and delayed healing of the area.
Immediate Functional Loading of an Implant-Supported Fixed Prosthesis at the Time of Ablative Surgery and Mandibular Reconstruction for Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Odin Guillaume , Balaguer Thierry , Savoldelli Charles , Scortecci Gérard
Published: June 2010

The authors describe a case of squamous cell carcinoma of the oral cavity managed by ablative surgery, mandibular reconstruction with a fibula free flap, and implant placement during the same session. Immediate functional implant loading, respecting the principles of basal implantology, was performed 48 hours later using a highly rigid, screw-secured fixed prosthesis that served as an external fixator for the implants and grafted bone. Implant loading before external beam radiotherapy improves flap stability, bone consolidation, and quality of life. Functional and esthetic outcomes were evaluated 2 years after radiotherapy was completed.
The Effect of Systemic Nicotine on Osseointegration of Titanium Implants in the Rat Femur
Authors: Berley Joel , Yamano Seiichi , Sukotjo Cortino
Published: June 2010

The purpose of this study was to determine whether high levels of plasma nicotine, delivered via subcutaneously placed mini-osmotic pumps, had an effect on bone development and osseointegration of a titanium implant in rat femurs in both the short and long term. In this study, we hypothesized that systemic nicotine may not affect bone development, but may affect osseointegration in both the short and long term. Thirty rats were assigned to 4 groups. Group 1 (n  =  10) was subdivided into 2 groups, which both received nicotine during the duration of the experiment. Half of the group (n  =  5) was sacrificed at 2 weeks after implant placement, and the other half (n  =  5) was sacrificed at 4 weeks after implant placement. Group 2 (n  =  10) was treated identically; however, this group was given saline placebo rather than nicotine. Nicotine/saline was administered via subcutaneous mini-osmotic pumps. Serum analysis was assessed biweekly and weight was assessed weekly. Implant placement consisted of mini-implant placement in the femur of the rats under general anesthesia. After sacrifice, the femurs were harvested and analyzed. Biomechanical push-in test was used to determine the degree of osseointegration by evaluating the breakpoint load. Micro-CT was performed on the femurs of the remaining 10 rats to determine the bone density and architecture. Micro-CT showed no significant difference in bone morphometric analysis. Push-in test showed significant difference in axial load force required to dislodge the implant between the nicotine-treated and control rats both at 2 and at 4 weeks after implant placement. The evidence indicates that while there was no significant difference in bone development and remodeling with exposure to systemic nicotine, there was a significant difference in bone wound healing, specifically with the osseointegration of titanium implants at both 2 and 4 weeks after implant placement. In conclusion, systemic nicotine may have a significant impact on the osseointegration of implants in the rat femur. Additional studies need to be conducted to further understand the specific way in which nicotine adversely affects wound healing on the molecular level.
Bovine Anorganic Bone Graft Associated with Platelet-Rich Plasma: Histologic Analysis in Rabbit Calvaria
Authors: Rocha Flaviana Soares , Ramos Lara Maria Alencar , Batista Jonas Dantas , Zanetta-Barbosa Darceny , Ferro Eloísa Amália Vieira , Dechichi Paula
Published: June 2010

Autogenous bone tissue has regeneration potential; however, this capacity may not be sufficient in larger bone defects. The aim of this study is to histologically evaluate anorganic bovine bone grafts (GenOx Inorg) with or without platelet-rich plasma (PRP). Two bone lesions were created in calvaria of 12 rabbits. The 24 surgical lesions were separated into 3 groups: coagulous, anorganic, and anorganic with PRP. At the 4-week time point, the animals were euthanized and the grafted area removed, fixed in formalin 10% with phosphate buffered saline, 0.1 M, and embedded in paraffin. The histologic parameters analyzed were new bone filling the defect area, presence of giant cells and particles of the graft, and new bone formation associated with the particles. In the coagulous group, defects were filled with fibrous tissue that attached the periosteum and little bone neoformation in the periphery. In anorganic groups with or without PRP, little new bone formation in the periphery of the defect was observed; however, in the center of some defects there was new bone. Moderate presence of giant cells and little new bone formation was associated with the innumerous graft particles. Histologic results revealed no statistically significant differences among the defects new bone fill between the studied groups (P  =  .64). There was no significant difference in the number of giant cells (P  =  .60), graft particles (P  =  .46), and new bone formation around graft particles (P  =  .26), whether PRP was added or not. Anorganic bone, isolated or mixed with PRP, was biocompatible and osteoconductive, while maintaining bone volume.
Comparative Soft and Hard Tissue Responses to Titanium and Polymer Healing Abutments
Authors: Koutouzis Theofilos , Richardson Joseph , Lundgren Tord
Published: June 2010

Limited information exists regarding soft tissue and hard tissue responses to abutments with different material composition. The aim of this study is to evaluate soft and hard tissue responses to titanium and polymer healing abutments over a 3-month period. Sixteen patients were included in this prospective trial. Implants were provisionalized with either titanium or polymer healing abutments. Changes of marginal bone level and soft tissue dimensions were recorded at implant installation and at 3 months.
Dental Implants Immediate Loading Versus the Standard 2-Staged Protocol: An Experimental Study in Dogs
Authors: Rismanchian Mansour , Attar Bijan Movahedian , Razavi Sayed Mohammad , Shamsabad Ali Nasir , Rezaei Majid
Published: June 2010

The endeavors to shorten implant treatment time have led to the concept of immediate loading. This research was designed to compare the immediate loading and the 2-staged methods on implant placement from a clinical, histological, and histomorphometric standpoint. Three months postextraction of 12 premolars of 3 dogs, 12 implants were inserted. Bone-implant contact (BIC), implant stability quotient (ISQ), the bone type in a 2-mm periphery around the implant, and the marginal bone loss (MBL) were recorded for unloaded implants (n  =  6) and immediately loaded ones (n  =  6). BIC, ISQ, MBL in the mesial, and the bone types around the implants were not significantly different in the 2 groups. The distal MBL was higher in the immediately loaded group. Immediate loading does not appear to be perilous for osseointegration, BIC, or new bone type around implants.
Immediate Loading of Dental Implant After Sinus Floor Elevation With Osteotome Technique: A Clinical Report and Preliminary Radiographic Results
Authors: Santagata Mario , Guariniello Luigi , Rauso Raffaele , Tartaro Gianpaolo
Published: June 2010

Edentulous ridges in the posterior maxilla are often compromised by reduced bone volume. This anatomic condition often limits dental implant placement of 10 mm in length without prior or simultaneous sinus augmentation. The osteotome technique is an alternative and conservative technique for sinus floor augmentation and immediate implant placement in the posterior region of the maxillary jaw. According to the relevant literature, the osteotome technique appears to be a predictable and safe method for augmenting bone at the sinus floor and to improve bone density and quality of the implant site sufficiently so that immediate loading is possible. A 46-year-old male patient was referred to the authors to replace the single upper premolar with an implant-supported crown restoration without interfering with the integrity and topography of the adjacent gingival tissues. Only one clinical study analyzed minimally invasive implant and sinus lift surgery with immediate loading. In that case report, the osteotomy was widened to its final diameter using a series of incrementally larger twist drills. In our clinical case, a series of incrementally larger diameter osteotomes improved bone density. This simplified treatment modality can make single tooth implant rehabilitation of the atrophic premolar maxilla region more accessible, and immediate loading is facilitated by improved bone density.
Influence of Titanium Surface Treatments on Formation of the Blood Clot Extension
Authors: Ota-Tsuzuki Claudia , Datte Carlos Eduardo , Nomura Kedma Amorim , Gouvea Cardoso Luciana A , Shibli Jamil Awad
Published: June 2010

The aim of this in vitro study was to evaluate the influence of 3 different implant surface treatments on the extension of human blood clot formation. For this purpose, the 3 types of surfaces (as-machined; test group 1, titanium discs blasted with aluminum oxide particles and washed with nitric acid; test group 2, titanium discs blasted with titanium oxide particles and washed with maleic acid) obtained were evaluated regarding topography and blood clot extension formation. Data suggest that different treatments applied on implant surfaces confer different mechanical and chemical properties, and that titanium discs blasted with aluminum oxide particles and washed with nitric acid exhibited the widest blood clot extension (P < .001).
A Case Report of Bilateral Mandibular Vertical Guided Bone Regeneration With and Without Bovine Thrombin/Calcium Chloride Activated Platelet-Rich Plasma
Authors: Brugnami Federico , Corsi Alessandro , Riminucci Mara , Caiazzo Alfonso
Published: June 2010

One patient with a bilateral vertical defect was treated on one side with guided bone regeneration (GBR) and an autologous bone graft and on the contralateral side with the addition of platelet-rich plasma (PRP). At the 6-month reentry, clinically and radiographically enough bone width and height were present to allow implant placement in both sites. At the same time point, at the histologic level, no differences were noticeable. Similar results were obtained in this case in vertical bone regeneration with and without bovine thrombin/calcium chloride activated PRP applied to GBR techniques.
A Pilot Study to Determine the Effectiveness of Different Amoxicillin Regimens in Implant Surgery
Authors: Caiazzo Alfonso , Casavecchia Piero , Barone Antonio , Brugnami Federico
Published: June 2010

The aim of this study was to attempt to determine the minimum effective regimen of amoxicillin antibiotic prophylaxis for dental implant surgery. One hundred patients were randomly allocated to 4 different antibiotic prophylactic treatment groups. At second-stage surgery, only 2 implants failed in the nonantibiotic group. No statistically significant differences were found in the 4 groups, probably because of the limited number of the samples. Until a study with a larger population may definitely rule on the role of antibiotics in oral implant surgery, in may be prudent for the practitioner to adopt the single preoperative antibiotic dose as the minimal effective regimen.
Utilization of Surgical Trepan for the Obtainment of Calvarial Autogenous Bone Graft in Maxillary Reconstructions
Authors: Pereira Cassiano Costa Silva , Gealh Walter Cristiano , Martins Maira Menezes Santos , Homsi Nicolas , Junior Idelmo Rangel Garcia
Published: June 2010

Maxillomandibular reconstructions are traditionally performed by means of autogenous bone grafts collected from intraoral donor areas and extraoral donor areas such as clavicle, iliac bone, rib, and tibia. The calvarial bone has been studied as an alternative donor area, with a low incidence of complications and minimal postoperative morbidity. Complications such as dural lacerations associated with cerebrospinal fluid leakage and extradural and subdural bleeding were minimized due to the use of surgical trepan, allowing the diploic layer delimitation before the osteotomy, preserving the internal calvarial cortical. The purpose of this article is to suggest a new technique for the obtainment of calvarial bone grafts with surgical trepan.
Sandwich Bone Graft Covered With Buccal Fat Pad in Severely Atrophied Edentulous Maxilla: A Clinical Report
Authors: Khojasteh Arash , Mohajerani Hassan , Momen-Heravi Fatemeh , Kazemi Mahmood , Alikhasi Marzieh
Published: June 2010

A 48-year-old woman with a severely atrophied maxilla was treated with open sinus augmentation surgery along with Le Fort I osteotomy with a pedicled buccal fat pad graft to position the maxilla in a right occlusal plane with respect to the mandible and to construct adequate bone volume allowing proper implant placement. Six dental implants were inserted in the maxilla, and a fixed metal-resin screw-retained prosthesis was fabricated for the maxilla and mandible.
Vascularized Connective Tissue Flap for Bone Graft Coverage
Authors: Herford Alan S. , Cooper Todd C. , Maiorana Carlo , Cicciù Marco
Published: June 2010

Alveolar defects are characterized by missing soft and hard tissues. It is often necessary to combine secondary procedures to address the soft-tissue component. The authors describe a technique that uses a split-thickness flap design that is placed over the crest of the remaining ridge and extends in a palatal direction. This allows advancement of the flap with its exposed connective tissue over the bone graft and provides restoration of both bone and keratinized tissue. Seventeen patients with defects involving the anterior maxilla who required grafting procedures were including in this study. All patients had an autogenous bone graft (n  =  17) combined with osseointegrated implants (n  =  41). A split-thickness flap design was used at the time of bone graft placement (primary) in 9 patients and at the time of implant uncovering (secondary) in 8 patients. There were no cases of flap necrosis or dehiscence with exposure of the bone graft. All patients demonstrated an increase in keratinized tissue involving the peri-implant area. An apical repositioned split-thickness flap provides an increased zone of keratinized tissue with improved esthetics and implant maintenance. This technique can be performed simultaneously with the grafting procedure, thus avoiding extensive undermining of the adjacent soft tissue.
Minimally Invasive Surgical Placements of Nonsubmerged Dental Implants: A Case Series Report, Evaluation of the Surgical Technique and Complications
Authors: Tee Yong Loong
Published: June 2010

Minimally invasive surgical implant placement has numerous advantages over conventional open flap technique. A series of cases is described here explaining the use of the tissue punch with discussion of the complications and management.
Maintenance of Class III Trifurcated Molars Versus Implant Placement in Regenerated Extraction Sockets: Long-Term Results of 2 Cases
Authors: Zafiropoulos Gregory-George K , di Prisco Manuela Occipite , Deli Giorgio , Hoffmann Oliver
Published: June 2010

Studies to date have reached differing conclusions regarding the long-term prognosis of teeth with class III furcation involvement. Replacement of such teeth with implants could be an alternative. This report compares the treatment outcomes of 2 cases with similar disease progression: 1 treated by implant therapy and 1 maintained with nonsurgical periodontal treatment. Two patients with advanced chronic periodontitis and class III furcation involvement of all molars were treated. Case 1 received a conservative periodontal and antibiotic treatment, followed by 15 years of maintenance. In case 2, the molars were extracted and replaced with implants, and the implants were observed for 7 years. Clinical attachment level (CAL), probing attachment level (PAL), bleeding on probing, plaque index, and periodontal pathogens were recorded. Despite good compliance of case 1, periodontal pathogens were not eliminated and tissue destruction was not halted. The PAL outcomes of case 2 improved over time; mean PAL loss reached 0.35 mm/y in the first 3 years and then decreased to 0.01 mm/y. While CAL outcomes did not change in case 2, case 1 showed increased CAL loss after 8 years. Based on the limited findings of this case report, extraction of molars with class III furcation involvement and subsequent implant placement may render a better predictability of treatment outcomes than nonsurgical periodontal therapy in the cases of infection with periodontal pathogens.
A Method for Obtaining Peri-Implant Soft-Tissue Contours by Using Screw-Retained Provisional Restorations as Impression Copings: A Clinical Report
Authors: Tsai Bi-Yuan
Published: June 2010

In the esthetic zone, remodeling of the peri-implant soft-tissue contours through the use of provisional restorations is one of the imperative key factors for optimizing outcomes. Several methods have been described to produce the desired peri-implant soft-tissue contours using customized impression copings or cement-retained provisional crowns. The aim of this article is to present an alternative method for obtaining the desired peri-implant soft-tissue contours by using screw-retained provisional restorations as impression copings, which facilitates the definitive prosthesis fabrication.
A Modified Edentulous Ridge Expansion Technique for Immediate Placement of Implants: A Case Report
Authors: Santagata Mario , Guariniello Luigi , Tartaro Gianpaolo
Published: June 2010

This case report is focused on the possibility of treating atrophic ridge with a reduced number of surgical procedures and a reduced healing time. A 43-year-old female patient affected by edentulism associated with horizontal resorption of the ridge was treated by means of a sagittal osteotomy and expansion of the ridge with the new modified edentulous ridge expansion (MERE) technique to obtain a wider bony base for ideal implant placement. In the same procedure 2 implants were placed and connective tissue graft, covering the bony wound, was placed to achieve keratinized mucosa. The implants were placed immediately after the split crest of the ridge and covered by a connective tissue graft. Postoperative recovery was uneventful. Within the limits of this case report, the MERE technique appeared to be reliable and simple, and it reduced morbidity compared with other techniques such as autogenous bone grafts and guided bone regeneration.
Structure and ontogeny of the pericarp of six Eupatorieae (Asteraceae) with ecological and taxonomic considerations
Authors: Marzinek Juliana , Oliveira Denise M.T.
Published: June 2010

The ontogeny of cypselae and their accessory parts were examined using light and scanning electron microscopy for the species Campuloclinium macrocephalum, Chromolaena stachyophylla, Mikania micrantha, Praxelis pauciflora, Symphyopappus reticulatus, and Vittetia orbiculata, some of these being segregated from the genus Eupatorium. A layer of phytomelanin observed in the fruit appears to be secreted by the outer mesocarp into the schizogenous spaces between the outer and inner mesocarp; its thickness was observed to vary among the different species examined. The bristles of the pappus are vascularized, except in M micrantha, and have cells that are superficially projected and arranged acropetally; in S. reticulatus some of the projections are retrorse and a fracture line on the floral disk that is only seen in this species may indicate a double dispersal process. Numerous differences observed among the cypselae examined here reinforce earlier segregations of the genus Eupatorium sensu lato.
Comparative pollen preferences by africanized honeybees Apis mellifera L. of two colonies in Pará de Minas, Minas Gerais, Brazil
Authors: Luz Cynthia F.P. da , Bacha Junior Gabriel L. , Fonseca Rafael L.S. e , Sousa Priscila R. de
Published: June 2010

The aim of this study was to investigate the polliniferous floral sources used by Apis mellifera (L.) (africanized) in an apiary situated in Pará de Minas, Minas Gerais state, and evaluate the pollen prefences among the beehives. Two beehives of Langstroth type with frontal pollen trap collectors were used. The harvest was made from September 2007 to March 2008, with three samples of pollen pellets colected per month per beehive. The subsamples of 2 grams each were prepared according to the European standard melissopalynological method. A total of 56 pollen types were observed, identifying 43 genus and 32 families. The families that showed the major richness of pollen types were: Mimosaceae (8), Asteraceae (6), Fabaceae (3), Arecaceae (3), Euphorbiaceae (3), Rubiaceae (3), Caesalpiniaceae (2), Moraceae (2) and Myrtaceae (2). The most frequent pollen types (> 45%) were Mimosa scabrella, Myrcia and Sorocea. The results demonstrated a similarity regarding the preferences of floral sources during the major part of the time. There was a distinct utilization of floral sources among the pollen types of minor frequency. In spite of the strong antropic influence, the region showed a great polliniferous variety, which was an indicative of the potential for monofloral as well as heterofloral pollen production.
Cytogenotoxicity of Cymbopogon citratus (DC) Stapf (lemon grass) aqueous extracts in vegetal test systems
Authors: Sousa Saulo M. , Silva Pâmela S. , Viccini Lyderson F.
Published: June 2010

The lemon grass, Cymbopogon citratus (DC) Stapf, is an important species of Poaceae family commonly used in the folk medicine in many countries. The aim of this study was to investigate the cytotoxic and genotoxic effects of aqueous extracts from C. citratus leaves on Lactuca sativa (lettuce) root tip meristem cells by cytogenetic studies that have never been done before for lemon grass extracts. For this, lettuce seeds were treated for 72h with different concentrations of lemon grass aqueous extracts (5; 10; 20 and 30 mg/mL). The percentage of germination, root development and cellular behavior were analyzed, and the results showed that the highest concentration of aqueous extracts reduced the mitotic index, the seed germination and the root development of lettuce. The extracts have also induced chromosome aberrations and cellular death in the roots cells of L. sativa.
Influence of natural settlement cues on the metamorphosis of fiddler crab megalopae, Uca vocator (Decapoda: Ocypodidae)
Authors: Simith Darlan J.B. , Diele Karen , Abrunhosa Fernando A.
Published: June 2010

Megalopae of many decapod crab species accelerate their development time to metamorphosis (TTM) when exposed to natural physical and/or chemical cues characteristic of the parental habitat. In the present study, the influence of natural settlement cues on the moulting rates and development TTM in megalopae of the fiddler crab Uca vocator was investigated. The effects of mud from different habitats (including well-preserved and degraded-polluted mangrove habitats) and conspecific adult 'odours' (seawater conditioned with crabs) on the induction of metamorphosis were compared with filtered pure seawater (control). 95 to 100% of the megalopae successfully metamorphosed to first juvenile crab stage in all treatments, including the control. However, the development TTM differed significantly among treatments. Settlement cues significantly shortened development, while moulting was delayed in their absence. The fact that megalopae responded to metamorphosis-stimulating cues originating from both adult and non-adult benthic habitats demonstrates that settlement in this species may occur in a wider range of habitats within the mangrove ecosystem, including impacted areas.
Morphology and ultrastructure of megaspores and microspores of Isoetes sehnemii Fuchs (Lycophyta)
Authors: Macluf Cecilia , Morbelli Marta , Giudice Gabriela
Published: June 2010

The morphology and wall ultrastructure of megaspores and microspores of Isoetes sehnemii that grows in Brazil were analyzed as part of the study of the Isoetaceae present in Southern South America. The observations were performed with light, scanning and transmission electron microscopes. The megaspores are trilete, 350-450μm in equatorial diameter. The surface is reticulate. In section, the sporoderm is 100μm thick including the ornamentation. The wall is composed of a siliceous perispore, which consists of short fused flatten, elements forming a three-dimensional mesh. The exospore has two zones of different structure. The endospore is fibrillar. The microspores are monolete, 21-27μm in equatorial diameter. The sporoderm is composed of a sporopollinic rugulate perispore. A space between the paraexospore and the exospore is evident. The exospore is compact. The endospore is fibrillar. The ultrastructural analysis akes hoologies evident concerning structure and organization of the layers belo the perispore in both spore types. A possible similarity and stability in the ultrustructure of the present spores and fossils could be also inferred. In addition, there would be a correlation among the plant habitat, the spore ornamentation and the geographic distribution.
Palynological analysis of Sphaeropteris gardneri (Cyatheaceae, Pteridophyta)
Authors: Marquez Gonzalo J. , Morbelli Marta A. , Giudice Gabriela E.
Published: June 2010

The spore morphology and wall ultrastructure of Sphaeropteris gardneri (Hook.) R.M. Tryon from Brazil were analyzed with LM, SEM and TEM. The spores are trilete with an ornamentation formed of short low ridges with spines in their margins. The exospore is 2.5μm thick, two- layered in section and single or branched channels are present. The perispore is 1.2μm thick and two-layered. The inner layer has three strata: the inner stratum is formed of a network of branched and fused threads, the middle stratum has threads with a radial orientation and in the outer stratum thin, dark fibres are immersed in a less dense contrasted matrix. The outer layer of the perispore is the one that forms the echinate-ridges and is constituted of threads arranged in a compact way. Globules of different sizes are observed on the surface. The differences found in the perispore ornamentation and ultrastructure in Alsophila, which was previously studied, and those of Sphaeropteris, show a tendency to wall complexity.
Can the parasitic fauna on Nile tilapias be affected by different production systems?
Authors: Martins Maurício L. , Azevedo Tatiana M.P. , Ghiraldelli Luciana , Bernardi Neuza
Published: June 2010

This study compared the parasitic fauna on Nile tilapias kept with swine dejects and tilapia from fee fishing fed commercial ration. A total of 360 fish were analyzed from August 2003 to July 2004 in a facility situated in Nova Trento, Santa Catarina, Brazil. No significant difference was observed in both systems. The parasite fauna in both systems were slightly similar, with the presence of the following parasites: Trichodina magna and T compacta (Ciliophora); Cichlidogyrus sclerosus and Cichlidogyrus sp. (Monogenoidea); and Lamproglena sp. (Lernaeidae). Parasitological analyzes did not differ among fishes kept with swine dejects and in fee fishing with commercial diet (P >0.05). The total prevalence of trichodinids in the gills of fish kept with swine dejects was 1.7% as compared to the one kept in fee fishing with commercial diet (0.6%). The Monogenoidea prevalence and mean intensity in the gills and body of fish from fee fishing was 16.5% and 2.6, and compared to other system was 13.2% and 0.8, respectively. This study showed that low stocking density and low water temperature in that region were responsible for the maintenance of good health and lower parasitism rate.
Comparative morpho-anatomical studies of the lesions caused by citrus leprosis virus on sweet orange
Authors: Marques João P.R. , Kitajima Elliot W. , Freitas-Astúa Juliana , Appezzato-da-Glória Beatriz
Published: June 2010

The leprosis disease shows a viral etiology and the citrus leprosis virus is considered its etiologic agent. The disease may show two types of cytopatologic symptom caused by two virus: nuclear (CiLV-N) and cytoplasmic (CiLV-C) types. The aim of this study was to compare the morpho-anatomical differences in the lesions caused by leprosis virus-cytoplasmic and nuclear types in Citrus sinensis (L.) Osbeck 'Pêra'. Leaf and fruit lesions were collected in Piracicaba/São Paulo (cytoplasmic type) and Monte Alegre do Sul/São Paulo and Amparo/São Paulo (nuclear type). The lesions were photographed and then fixed in Karnovsky solution, dehydrated in a graded ethylic series, embedded in hydroxy-ethyl methacrylate resin (Leica Historesin), sectioned (5 μm thick), stained and mounted in synthetic resin. The digital images were acquired in a microscope with digital video camera. Leaf and fruit lesions caused by the two viruses were morphologically distinct. Only the lesion caused by CiLV-N virus presented three well-defined regions. In both lesions there was the accumulation of lipidic substances in necrotic areas that were surrounded by cells with amorphous or droplets protein. Only leaf and fruit lesions caused by CiLV-N virus exhibited traumatic gum ducts in the vascular bundles.
Lower nappe aeration in smooth channels: experimental data and numerical simulation
Authors: Arantes Eudes J. , Porto Rodrigo M. , Gulliver John S. , Lima Alberto C.M. , Schulz Harry E.
Published: June 2010

Bed aerators designed to increase air void ratio are used to prevent cavitation and related damages in spillways. Air entrained in spillway discharges also increases the dissolved oxygen concentration of the water, which can be important for the downstream fishery. This study considers results from a systematic series of measurements along the jet formed by a bed aerator, involving concentration profiles, pressure profiles, velocity fields and corresponding air discharges. The experimental results are, then, compared, with results of computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations with the aim of predicting the air discharge numerically. Comparisons with jet lengths and the air entrainment coefficients from the literature are also made. It is shown that numerical predictive tools furnish air discharges comparable to measured values. However, if more detailed predictions are desired, verification experiments are still necessary.
Stress and sleep quality in high school brazilian adolescents
Authors: Mesquita Gema , Reimão Rubens
Published: June 2010

OBJECTIVE: The objective of the present study is to analyze the effect of stress on sleep quality in a group of adolescents. METHOD: Two high schools in Alfenas, southern Minas Gerais State, Brazil, were chosen to participate in the study. The sample consisted of both genders (n=160) with 65.63% females. The age range of participants was 15 to18 years. The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) was applied for collection of data to quantify sleep quality. The Lipp Inventory of Stress Symptoms that objectively identifies symptoms of stress was applied. RESULTS: It was observed that 23.53% of stressed students and 45.33% of unstressed ones sleep well; 76.47% of stressed pupils and 54.67% of those unstressed do not sleep well. With regard to school performance, a mean of 0.65 was found for stressed students and 0.60 for those without stress, Mann-Whitney (p=0.0596). CONCLUSION: Stress contributed to raising the percentage of poor sleepers, as ell as increasing ean school performance.
Contrôle de vira-cabeça do tomate pela destruição do vetor
Authors: Costa A. S. , Forster Reinaldo , Fraga Júnior C.
Published: June 2010

Vários inseticidas foram ensaiados no contrôle da moléstia de vírus do tomateiro denominada vira-cabeça, transmitida por um tripes do gênero Frankliniella. Os resultados obtidos nestes ensaios mostraram que, dos inseticidas ensaiados, Rhodiatox e Hexason 2540M foram os mais eficientes. Os dados obtidos permitem que se sugira o seguinte programa de pulverização de tomateiros, para o contrôle de vira-cabeça. Na sementeira: Pulverizações de 3 a 5 dias com Rhodiatox (0,25 a 0,50%) ou Hexason 2540M (0,15%). No canteiro de repicagem: Pulverizações cada 3 a 5 dias com Rhodiatox (0,50%) ou Hexason 2540M (0,15%). Na plantação definitiva: Pulverizações cada 5 a 7 dias com Rhodiatox (0,50% a 1%) ou Hexason 2540M (0,25%) até cêrca de 40 dias após a transplantação.
Observações citológicas em Coffea: XV - Microsporogênese em Coffea arabica L.
Authors: Mendes A. J. T.
Published: June 2010

No presente trabalho são apresentadas as observações realizadas sôbre a microsporogênese nas variedades semperflorens e caturra, de Coffea arabica L. Notou-se que, no início da prófase, os cromossômios se colorem muito mal, não permitindo observações sôbre a sua morfologia; em paquitene, os cromossômios se apresentam com várias secções heteropicnóticas separadas por secções muito finas, que se colorem mal; o centrômero é bastante nítido e se acha ladeado de zonas bem heteropicnóticas; as extremidades dos braços dos cromossômios se colorem mal e se perdem no meio do citoplasma ; o nucléolo é bastante visível e a êle se acham ligados alguns cromossômios. É difícil determinar o número exato de cromossômios ligados ao nucléolo, tendo-se encontrado de 1 a 4. De paquitene a metáfase I, as fases se sucedem rapidamente. Em diplotene, os cromossômios são curtos, não mais se percebendo o centrômero. Em diaquinese os 22 pares de cromossômios se repelem pela sua parte mais colorida, onde se encontra o centrômero, e se unem pela parte clara, onde se notam os quiasmas ; o número de quiasmas, por célula, varia de 29 a 43 ; a média por bivalente é de 1,67, em semperjlorens, e 1,75, em caturra. Em metáfase I, o número médio de quiasmas, por bivalente,. é de 1,69, em semperjlorens, e 1,67, em caturra. Em anáfase I, os 22 pares de cromossômios se separam normalmente. Em telófase I, os cromossômios se colorem mal. Não há, praticamente, intercinese; os cromossômios contraem-se de novo e entram em anáfase II. A formação dos micrósporos é normal. Depois de soltos, ocorre a divisão nuclear, dando origem a dois núcleos com 22 cromossômios. Isto ocorre três a quatro dias antes da abertura das flores; o núcleo vegetativo é grande, esférico e homogêneo, colo-rindo-se mal; o núcleo reprodutivo é menor, reticulado, colore-se bem e se localiza na periferia da célula; ao seu redor se destaca uma porção de citoplasma, de forma lenticular. A divisão do núcleo reprodutivo geralmente se dá no tubo polínico. Tanto o núcleo vegetativo como o reprodutivo pode ser encontrado na extremidade do tubo polínico. Poucas irregularidades foram observadas na distribuição dos cromossômios, tendo, a grande maioria dos gâmetas, n=22 cromossômios.
Melhoramento do cafeeiro: III - Comparação entre progênies e híbridos da var. bourbon
Authors: Krug C A. , Antunes Filho H.
Published: June 2010

Do plano geral de trabalhos sôbre o melhoramento do cafeeiro, elaborado pela Secção de Genética em 1933, faz parte o estudo de uma série de híbridos obtidos pelo cruzamento entre plantas da variedade bourbon. O estudo da produtividade e do desenvolvimento dêstes híbridos vem sendo feito paralelamente a estudos análogos nas progênies do mesmo lote, obtidas pela autopolinização das plantas utilizadas nos cruzamentos. O objetivo em vista é o de verificar se há manifestação de heterose nos híbridos e, ao mesmo tempo, efeito prejudicial da primeira autofecundação artificial, que seria revelada pelas progênies. As plantas originais, utilizadas neste estudo, tiveram uma origem comum, pois provieram de sementes colhidas em uma pequena plantação de café, perto de Campinas. Tanto as progênies como os híbridos foram plantados, em 1938, sem repetição, em linhas de 20 plantas, em um dos talhões de seleção de café na Estação Experimental Central de Campinas. Serviram de base para os estudos aqui relatados quatro progênies e onze híbridos, isto é, cinco grupos de híbridos recíprocos e um híbrido simples, cujo recíproco não pôde ser plantado por falta de número suficiente de plantas. O exame da produção foi feito em duas partes. A primeira abrangeu seis anos de colheitas sucessivas (1939 a 1944) das 20 plantas de cada lote (com exceção de um lote híbrido, que só tinha 18 plantas). A segunda cobriu um período total de 12 anos (1939 .a 1950) de observações, aproveitando-se para tanto apenas 15 plantas das progênies e 23 dos híbridos, que foram selecionados em 1944, em virtude da sua elevada produtividade média anual, e que por isso tiveram suas produções observadas nos anos seguintes. A análise estatística da produção e da sua variabilidade revelou, no primeiro caso, não existirem diferenças entre as progênies e os lotes híbridos, tanto tomados em seus conjuntos como quando analisados por grupos de duas progênies e seus híbridos recíprocos. Mesmo aos doze anos de produção, não se manifestou predominância de um grupo de plantas sôbre o outro, quanto à produção. A altura das plantas foi determinada em 1950. Pela análise realizada, concluiu-se que não há diferença estatística entre as médias das progénies e híbridos. Constatou-se, entretanto, diferença quanto à variabilidade deste caráter, que revelou ser maior nos lotes híbridos. Esta diferença na variabilidade se tornou particularmente patente em dois casos, em que se compararam, cada vez, duas progênies e os seus respectivos híbridos recíprocos. Concluiu-se, pois, que, no material estudado, não houve manifestação de heterose com relação à produtividade e à altura das plantas, nem um efeito prejudicial da autofecundação sôbre os caracteres em questão. Êste fato talvez se explique, considerando que o cafeeiro é planta predominantemente autógama e que os quatro indivíduos, cujas progénies e híbridos foram utilizados no presente estudo, têm origem comum, devendo assim possuir constituição genética muito semelhante.
Standardization of an ELISA test using a recombinant nucleoprotein from the Junin virus as the antigen and serological screening for arenavirus among the population of Nova Xavantina, State of Mato Grosso
Authors: Machado Alex Martins , Figueiredo Glauciane Garcia , Campos Gelse Maria , Lozano Mario Enrique , Machado Aline Rafaela da Silva Rodrigues , Figueiredo Luiz Tadeu Moraes
Published: June 2010

INTRODUCTION: Arenavirus hemorrhagic fever is a severe emerging disease. METHODS: Considering that the levels of antibodies against arenavirus in the Brazilian population are completely unknown, we have standardized an ELISA test for detecting IgG antibodies using a recombinant nucleoprotein from the Junin virus as the antigen. This protein was obtained by inserting the gene of the Junin virus nucleoprotein into the genome of Autographa californica nucleopolyhedrovirus, using the Bac-to-Bac baculovirus expression system. This recombinant baculovirus was used to infect S. frugiperda cells (SF9). RESULTS: The infection resulted in synthesis of high concentrations of recombinant protein. This protein was detected on 12.5% polyacrylamide gel and by means of Western blot. Using the standardized ELISA test, 343 samples from the population of Nova Xavantina were analyzed. We observed that 1.4% of the serum samples (five samples) presented antibody titers against arenavirus. CONCLUSIONS: These results show the population studied may present exposure to arenavirus infection.
Investigation of measles IgM-seropositive cases of febrile rash illnesses in the absence of documented measles virus transmission, State of São Paulo, Brazil, 2000-2004
Authors: Ciccone Flávia Helena , Carvalhanas Telma Regina Marques Pinto , Afonso Ana Maria Sardinha , Flannery Brendan , Waldman Eliseu Alves
Published: June 2010

INTRODUCTION: To review measles IgM-positive cases of febrile rash illnesses in the State of São Paulo, Brazil, over the five-year period following interruption of measles virus transmission. METHODS: We reviewed 463 measles IgM-positive cases of febrile rash illness in the State of São Paulo, from 2000 to 2004. Individuals vaccinated against measles < 56 days prior to specimen collection were considered to be exposed to the vaccine. Serum from the acute and convalescent phases was tested for evidence of measles, rubella, parvovirus B19 and human herpes virus-6 infection. In the absence of seroconversion to measles immunoglobulin-G, measles IgM-positive cases were considered false positives in individuals with evidence of other viral infections. RESULTS: Among the 463 individuals with febrile rash illness who tested positive for measles IgM antibodies during the period, 297 (64%) were classified as exposed to the vaccine. Among the 166 cases that were not exposed to the vaccine, 109 (66%) were considered false positives based on the absence of seroconversion, among which 21 (13%) had evidence of rubella virus infection, 49 (30%) parvovirus B19 and 28 (17%) human herpes virus-6 infection. CONCLUSIONS: Following the interruption of measles virus transmission, thorough investigation of measles IgM-positive cases is required, especially among cases not exposed to the vaccine. Laboratory testing for etiologies of febrile rash illness aids interpretation of these cases.
Gastroenteric virus detection in fecal samples from women in Goiânia, State of Goiás, Brazil
Authors: Ferreira Rui Gilberto , Borges Ana Maria Tavares , Fiaccadori Fabiola Souza , Souza Menira Borges de Lima Dias e , Santos Rodrigo Alessandro Togo , Cardoso Divina das Dôres de Paula
Published: June 2010

INTRODUCTION: This was a prospective study that included women seen in the obstetrics and gynecology sector of Hospital das Clínicas, Federal University of Goiás, in Goiânia, State of Goiás, with the aim of detecting rotaviruses, adenoviruses, caliciviruses and astroviruses. Eighty-four women participated in the study and from these, 314 fecal samples were collected. Out of all of the women, 29 were seropositive for HIV and 55 were seronegative, and 45 and 39 were pregnant and non-pregnant, respectively. METHODS: Fecal samples were collected from each woman once every two months over the period from July 2006 to June 2007, and they were screened for rotaviruses by means of polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and immunoenzymatic assays, for caliciviruses and astroviruses by means of RT-PCR and for adenovirus by means of immunoenzymatic assays. The astroviruses were genotyped using nested PCR. RESULTS: Among the 84 patients, 19 (22.6%) were positive for either calicivirus (14/19) or astrovirus (6/19), while one women was positive for both viruses in fecal samples collected on different occasions. Most of the positive samples were collected during the months of July and August (astrovirus) and September and October (calicivirus). None of the samples analyzed was positive for rotavirus or adenovirus. Gastroenteric viruses were detected in 13/19 (68.4%) of the pregnant women, whether HIV-seropositive or not. CONCLUSIONS: The results from the present study showed that neither pregnancy nor HIV-seropositive status among the women increased the risk of infection by any of the gastroenteric viruses studied. This study presents data on gastroenteric virus detection among pregnant and/or HIV-positive women.
Padronização e uso de um método imunoenzimático que utiliza células infectadas como antígeno no diagnóstico rotineiro do dengue
Authors: Barreira Luzia Aparecida Costa , Machado Alex Martins , Aquino Victor Hugo , Badra Soraya Jabur , Figueiredo Luiz Tadeu Moraes
Published: June 2010

INTRODUÇÃO: Este trabalho mostra a padronização e o uso do método imunoenzimático utilizando células infectadas como antígeno (EIA-ICC) no diagnóstico sorológico rotineiro do dengue. MÉTODOS: Na otimização do teste, com a dose de 1.000 TCID50 de vírus do dengue tipo 3 (DENV-3), foram utilizadas 100.000 células C636 infectadas 1000 TCID50 (DENV-3). RESULTADOS: Os resultados obtidos com EIA-ICC foram comparados com o kit comercial de dengue HUMAN. Os resultados foram altamente coincidentes; o EIA-ICC mostrou-se moderadamente sensível e com alta especificidade. O teste foi usado no diagnóstico sorológico de 1.797 amostras sorológicas de casos suspeitos de dengue durante a epidemia de Ribeirão Preto, em 2006. Na avaliação sorológica, 228 amostras foram positivas para IgM contra DENV-3, e 235 amostras foram positivas para IgG contra DEV-3, e em 35 amostras detectou-se positividade para IgM e IgG. CONCLUSÕES: O EIA-ICC mostrou-se confiável e simples sendo adequado ao diagnóstico sorológico do dengue.
Ecologia de Anopheles (Nyssorhynchus) darlingi Root em área de implantação de empreendimento hidrelétrico, na divisa dos Estados do Mato Grosso do Sul e São Paulo
Authors: Gomes Almério de Castro , Paula Marcia Bicudo de , Natal Delsio , Gotlieb Sabina Lea Davidson
Published: June 2010

INTRODUÇÃO: Hidrelétricas alteram o fluxo das águas e provocam impactos sobre a composição de mosquitos, justificando-se essa pesquisa. O objetivo da pesquisa foi estudar anofelinos de área sob a influência de um novo lago e avaliar a vulnerabilidade relativa à malária. MÉTODOS: Foram feitas coletas de Anopheles nas margens da Represa Porto Primavera, durante as fases do alagamento até sua cota máxima. Utilizaram-se as técnicas: atrativa humana, de armadilha de Shannon e concha entomológica. Os indicadores Riqueza e Diversidade foram utilizados para medir o impacto. A análise das distribuições temporais foi realizada pelo teste Mann-Whitney, considerando localidade, cota e método de captura como variáveis independentes (α=0,05). RESULTADOS: A densidade de Anopheles darlingi oscilou entre as localidades A, B e C, sendo que os maiores picos foram para B e C. Com a estabilidade do lago, no último nível, evidenciou-se a tendência de redução da densidade de Anopheles darlingi. CONCLUSÕES: Sugere-se que o risco de autoctonia de malária nas proximidades do lago permanece inalterado, ficando o alerta para esporádicas infecções humanas.