bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
THE INFLUENCE OF GADGETS ON CHILD DEVELOPMENT
Authors: MANSIZ ILHAN
Published: June 2022

This descriptive qualitative research aims to find out the developmental conditions of today's children regarding gadgets and how the role of parents in responding to these problems. the data I use is a qualitative method with a case-specific type which is why I use the method because it is to be more thorough in this study. Meanwhile, research analysis will be carried out through presentation, and data verification until it can obtain a conclusion on the problem. and in this source, I will use informants (sources) for the informants I choose, namely children and parents. And the techniques that I use for data collection are interview and observation techniques, in this study, I still found many underage children who almost every day always play gadgets, play games, or others and also examine how much role parents play in supervising their children when playing gadgets.
Current issues in Portuguese main and secondary stress
Authors: Garcia Guilherme D.
Published: June 2022

Portuguese stress has been the focus of numerous studies in the past fifty years. Although studies have adopted different theoretical frameworks, from rules to grids to constraints, most of them assume a categorical view of the phonological grammar. During the same period, however, phonology as a whole has become increasingly probabilistic. In this chapter, I argue that a probabilistic approach is not only advantageous, but necessary to account for the observed patterns in Portuguese stress. Crucially, I show that such an approach is more accurate and more motivated empirically than a categorical approach.
System Dynamics Implementation To Increase The Number Of Organics Maize Level On-Farm Production In Supporting Smart Agriculture (Case Study : East Java, Indonesia)
Authors: Mukhlis Iqbal Ramadhani
Published: June 2022

The country of Indonesia is one country that has abundant natural resources and has enormous potential in the agricultural sector. One of the sub-sectors in agriculture in Indonesia is food crops, this food crop sub-sector is divided into two categories, namely rice and secondary crops, one of which is widely cultivated is corn. In terms of organic corn production in 2016, the province of East Java had the largest production value of 6,278,264 tons. In terms of corn consumption, the average annual consumption of the community against organic corn from 2011 - 2015 amounted to 7,232,453 tons. These results indicate that organic corn is in demand by the Indonesian people but from the production sector it is still unable to meet the demand. From these results, this study will use a case study on the application of on-farm supply chain management for organic corn production. In this study, an increase in organic corn production was modeled using a system dynamics to analyze current conditions and evaluate existing problems and provide alternative problem solving scenarios. The simulation results with land expansion of around 73,000 ha per year for 14 years, organic corn production will be around 4250 tons in 2030. Land intensification scenarios, organic corn production increased by an average of 0.35% per year.. The results of scenarios of increasing farmer income by implementing Smart Agriculture reached Rp. 6,016,020. And the payback period for Smart Agriculture investment is 3.2 or three years and two months.
THE IMPACT OF POST-PANDEMIC GADGETS ON CHILDREN AND ADOLESCENTS
Authors: MSH Irsyad
Published: June 2022

This descriptive qualitative research will aim to find out how the condition of the influence of gadgets post-pandemic on children and adolescents. This data collection will be carried out using interview techniques, observation, and also a documentation studio. The conditions that have been studied show the condition of the influence of gadgets post-pandemic in Kesesi Village which affects the communication process in children and adolescents. In addition, excessive use of gadgets during online learning from morning to evening causes children to usually rely on gadgets. This impact will occur if there is a lack of assistance and supervision from parents. It is hoped that parents will guide and supervise the things done by the child. The social environment can also be a cause of gadget abuse, for example, if the surrounding environment is children who like to play games, the child will model the behavior of playing games like others. So the role of parents is very important in sorting out and choosing the development of their children. In addition, with an understanding of knowledge and self-awareness of the impact of gadget addiction can prevent it. .
FUNCTIONAL STRUCTURE OF THE IPNU-IPPNU ORGANIZATION IN THE ESTABLISHMENT OF ADOLESCENT MORALS IN KALIPANCUR VILLAGE
Authors: Zulfa Marissa
Published: June 2022

In this day and age, many people do not get an education about morals, one of which is among teenagers in Kalipancur Village. This lack of moral education has resulted in many teenagers being impolite and arbitrarily towards older people. So there is a need for moral formation for teenagers in the village of Kalipancur. The honest construction of the youth of Kalipancur village is carried out with several intermediaries, one of which is the IPNU-IPPNU organization. From these problems, the author will conduct research that aims to find out about the functional structure of the IPNU-IPPNU organization in moral formation in Kalipancur village and to find out the challenges and opportunities of the organization in forming the morals of youth in Kalipancur village. In this study, the author uses a qualitative method, namely by interviewing several administrators and members of the IPNU-IPPNU organization. The results obtained from this research are IPNU-IPPNU in forming the morals of youth in Kalipancur village using various ways to attract teenagers, namely through routine study activities, competitions, and approaches to youth. The absence of permission from parents for their children who want to join the IPNU-IPPNU organization is a challenge for IPNU-IPPNU administrators. However, the existence of teenagers who want to join this organization is an opportunity for IPNU-IPPNU administrators to attract teenagers to follow them.
THE EFFECT OF TIKTOK ON STUDENT BEHAVIOR NARCISSISM
Authors: Herlina Intan
Published: June 2022

In today's modern era, everything has changed, from lifestyle issues to social media. Social media is a place where we receive information from all walks of life and can create types of communication. One of them is the social media tiktok, which is accessed by various groups for entertainment and to hone talent, but increasingly there are many impacts caused by the tiktok application, one of which is narcissism. The change that can be felt is when everyone is competing to be the center of attention and always wants to be considered that they are in power in their environment. The aim to be achieved in this paper is to determine the extent of the influence of the use of tiktok on narcissistic behavior among students in Pekalongan in addition, to determining the factors that cause narcissistic behavior among students in Pekalongan. The method used is a quantitative method, using correlation techniques, and data collection techniques using questionnaires, book references, scientific papers, and internet searching. Analysis techniques are data processing, data reduction, data presentation, and drawing conclusions. The results showed that many students in Pekalongan access tiktok for more than an hour and there is a significant effect, namely, they want to be noticed by others but do not want to follow other people's styles, meaning they want the characteristics that exist in themselves that they want to always be noticed.
Pengembangan Keterampilan Sosial Bagi Guru IPS
Authors: Uzhma Muhammad Risalan
Published: June 2022

Berisi pembahasan mengenai pengembangan keterampilan sosial yang dapat dilakukan oleh guru IPS
Differential expression of FLVCR1 in cancers of the breast.
Authors: Mamoor Shahan
Published: June 2022

Breast cancer affects women at relatively high frequency (1). We mined published microarray datasets (2, 3) to determine in an unbiased fashion and at the level of the transcriptome genes most differentially expressed in the primary tumors of patients with early-onset breast cancer. We found significant differential expression of the gene encoding feline leukemia virus subgroup C cellular receptor 1, FLVCR1, when comparing primary tumors of the breast to the tissue of origin, the normal breast: in women aged 45 and younger, and women aged 70 and higher. FLVCR1 mRNA was present at significantly higher quantities in tumors of the breast as compared to normal breast tissue. Analysis of human survival data revealed that expression of FLVCR1 in primary tumors of the breast was correlated with distant metastasis-free survival in human breast cancer, demonstrating a relationship between primary tumor expression of a differentially expressed gene and patient survival outcomes influenced by PAM50 molecular subtype. FLVCR1 may be of relevance to initiation, maintenance or progression of cancers of the female breast.
THE DANGERS OF PROMISCUITY IN ADOLESCENCE
Authors: ERICK
Published: June 2022

Promiscuity in teenagers is very widespread in today's era. Free association is a deviant act that crosses the boundaries of the norms that exist in our lives. Adolescents are individuals whose emotions are very vulnerable, lack of knowledge and invitations from friends who hang out freely make their potential decrease. the younger generation in advancing the times. The method I use is the interview method and approach to teenagers by giving broad directions about the dangers of promiscuity. Avoid actions that deviate from the norm with strong faith.
Differential expression of retinol dehydrogenase 13 in cancers of the breast.
Authors: Mamoor Shahan
Published: June 2022

Breast cancer affects women at relatively high frequency (1). We mined published microarray datasets (2, 3) to determine in an unbiased fashion and at the level of the transcriptome genes most differentially expressed in the primary tumors of patients with early-onset breast cancer. We found significant differential expression of the gene encoding retinol dehydrogenase 13, RDH13, when comparing primary tumors of the breast to the tissue of origin, the normal breast: in women aged 45 and younger, and women aged 70 and higher. RDH13 mRNA was present at significantly higher quantities in tumors of the breast as compared to normal breast tissue. Analysis of human survival data revealed that expression of RDH13 in primary tumors of the breast was correlated with overall survival in patients with HER2+ subtype breast cancer, demonstrating a relationship between primary tumor expression of a differentially expressed gene and patient survival outcomes influenced by PAM50 molecular subtype. RDH13 may be of relevance to initiation, maintenance or progression of cancers of the female breast.
Tugas 3
Authors: Syarifuddin
Published: June 2022

Dengan demikian dapat disimpulkan bahwa pengembangan keterampilan berbicara adalah suatu proses yang dilakukan dalam rangka mengembangkan kemampuan peserta didik dalam menyampaikan gagasan dengan bahasa lisan. Pembelajaran adalah serangkaian kegiatan yang dilakukan untuk mengkondisikan siswa belajar.
READING RATIB AL-ATHOS, MANAQIB, AND YASINAN IN THE SEWELASAN TRADITION (LESSONS OF AL-QURAN LIFE IN PANGKAH VILLAGE KEC. KARANGDADAP, PEKALONGAN REGENCY)
Authors: Afriani Dita
Published: June 2022

In this article discussing the Sewelasan tradition, it is known that the majority of Pangkah Village people still adhere to Javanese cultures, one example is the Sewelasan tradition. This sewelasan tradition is a religious tradition whose existence has become hereditary. The commemoration is held once a month, this is a form of respect for a Sufi figure who contributed to the spread of Islam, commemorating the death of Sheikh Abdul Qadir Al-Jailani which coincided with the 11th of Robi'ul Akhir in the Islamic calendar. In addition, from this tradition emerge values that are very important for the life of the Pangkah village community, Kec. Karangdadap Kab. Pekalongan is one of the religious values.
Resume Ekonomi Makro Kelompok 10
Authors: Astutiasri
Published: June 2022

-Berbicara tentang stabilitas ekonomi dalam berbagai sistem, pasti tidak akan terlepas bahasannya dari uang, karena secara umum sistem yang dimaksud disini adalah keuangan. Stabilitas sistem keuangan sebenarnya belum memiliki definisi konkrit yang telah diterima secara nasional maupun internasional.
Tugas 3
Authors: Syarifuddin
Published: June 2022

Keterampilan sosial
ADAPTATION OF NEW STUDENTS IN ISLAMIC BROADCASTING COMMUNICATIONS STUDY PROGRAM UIN KH. ABDURRAHMAN WAHID PEKALONGAN
Authors: SHAFRANI KHARISMA
Published: June 2022

When entering college, new students will do what is called adaptation, a phase where a person must adapt to a different environment than before. Moving from the high school level to the university level is not easy. The problems experienced by new students when entering the lecture period are very diverse, ranging from personality, academics, habits at school, relationships between friends, and even interpersonal communication. This study aims to determine the adaptability of new students in the Islamic Broadcasting Communication Study Program (KPI) at State Islamic University KH. Abdurrahman Wahid Pekalongan. This study's qualitative method uses a symbolic interactionist approach and interviews.
THE EFFECT OF SOCIAL MEDIA ON THE BEHAVIOR OF STUDENTS OF STATE HIGH SCHOOL 1 BOJONG PEKALONGAN
Authors: LESTARII AYUU DYAH
Published: June 2022

Indonesian society especially among students, many of whom do not know what social media is. Because many of them think that not playing on social media is including ancient or outdated people. Therefore, in this developing era, many students prefer to play on social media compared to other things. This research was conducted to find out whether there was a student who was affected by his behavior or differences in behavior due to playing on social media. This research was conducted to find out whether there was a student who was affected by his behavior or differences in behavior due to playing on social media. The research sample size was 92 students using quantitative research methods. The method in the research that I will use is the survey method by setting a simple regression analysis. namely by looking at how much influence the dependent variable has on the independent variable. The variables studied consisted of two variables, namely social media (X) and student behavior (Y). Surveys are the basis of quantitative research, where survey methods are commonly used in quantitative research types. The survey research that I will use asks several students about their opinions, regarding the influence of social media on the characteristics, and behaviors that have occurred in these individuals. This research was conducted using quantitative research, by taking a survey approach, by giving a questionnaire through the media google form and containing a statement regarding the research topic of the object of research, namely students of SMA Negeri Bojong 1 Pekalongan. The goal is to see how big the impact of the use of social media is on the behavior that students do. From the ANOVA table, it is known that sig. 4.066 and > 0.05, it means that HO is accepted. So research on the influence of social media does not exist on student behavior. In addition, F count 2.26215716 < 4.066180551 So it is more related to the personality of each individual itself is not affected by individual behavior on social media. From the results of research that has been done that students using social media show a good category, namely students can not influence their behavior towards social media. In the confirmation stage, from the results of the study, the students preferred learning in the sense that they would develop their potential, although there were some who preferred social media. However, the results also show that social media does not fully influence student behavior. Apart from that, students also still need social media. Because it is not only for purposes, but can also be used for learning, both academic and non- academic.
THE EFFECT OF SOCIAL MEDIA USE INTENSITY ON YOUTH IN TASIKREJO VILLAGE, ULUJAMI DISTRIC
Authors: Firmansyah Muhammad Yoga
Published: June 2022

The appearance of social media as a result of the advancement of information and communication technology is truly remarkable. Social media can now be accessed by everyone, including parents, teenagers, and even children. The Big Indonesian Dictionary (KBBI) defines social media as an application or page that allows users to create and share information or content that is currently trending on social media networks. We can readily access and build networks and contacts with so many social networks such as Facebook, Twitter, Instagram, and others. Furthermore, social media surely has a variety of new detrimental and beneficial effects on the development of life, particularly the development of children and teenagers. Users of this social media platform, particularly youngsters and adolescents, are still using it.
The Tradition of the Sema'an Qur'an Ngrukem Mlarak Ponorogo Village Case Study
Authors: Rusdiana
Published: June 2022

Reading the Qur'an can make one spirit by attending recitations, and assemblies, if these places are often visited we will be motivated as a form of istiqomah in reading the Qur'an. Khatami Al-Qur'an is an activity of reading the Qur'an which begins with Surah Al-Fatihah and ends with Surah An-Nass. In the activity of completing the Qur'an, the system is carried out by one person and the congregation who is the listener. It is done alternately and takes quite a long time because it reads the AL-Qur'an 30 Juz. The spirit of these activities is still not matched by the existence of a unique scientific assembly, one of which is functioned to study tajwid to improve reading.
REVEALING THE MESSAGE OF DAKWAH IN THE FILM OF SANG KIAI
Authors: Atho'illah Muhammad
Published: June 2022

In this era of evolution, the spread of da'wah is not just a splash of the heart, the spread of da'wah has begun to penetrate the world of cinema by nurturing several religions. Among them is the Kiai. is a film that tells the story of heroes who fought against the invaders. The name is KH Hasyim Asyari. And the reason the author wrote this work is to impress the audience with good teachings and as a reminder of history and to foster a sense of nationalism and humanism, aiming as an analysis of the message contained in the film described by the author and knowing the views of the message contained in the movie. Kiai, the method used is the quantitative narrative method, which examines reality more concisely manner, or describes it from existing realities such as aqidah, morality, and worship. and always be grateful, defend the homeland through jihad in defending the Unitary State of the Republic of Indonesia, and remind to do good to others, and remember not to delay prayer, fast to restrain one's lust, say greetings to Muslims covering their genitals by dressing closed, giving alms to people y those who are unable, help each other.
ASSA'ADAH TA'LIM TA'LIM MAJLIS GAJI VILLAGE
Authors: qolbi muhammad fatihul
Published: June 2022

Reading the Koran for Muslims is worship to Allah SWT, for that a child must be given an understanding and get used to reading the Koran, reading the Koran does not prioritize absorption and understanding through the transfer of information alone, but prioritizes ability development. If you look at the majlis ta'lim assa-adah in teaching technical reading of the Koran, it is very good. For this reason, someone who recites the Koran needs to be developed through an active role and practice, the hallmark of the Koran in the style of the majlis ta'lim assa'adah is equipped with learning strategies with the truth of reading by reading and listening techniques. This majlis also revives the goodness and benefits for the people of the beard village to be closer to the Koran and Allah who recites the Koran at the Assa'adah ta'lim majlis has its own characteristics because there is no administrative funding and there is also a routine that is held every Wednesday night regularly. alternating with men and women, the village recitation is usually visited by the villagers themselves and there are also from the neighboring village who want to learn to read the Koran, the village recitation is followed by children to adults, which is located in the village of Beard Pekalongan Selatan.
THE MEANING OF MUJAHADAH AT PONDOK BOARDING ON ASWAJA LINTANG SONGOPIYUNGANBANTUL,YOGYAKARTA(LIVINGQUR'AN)
Authors: Ma'sumah Lulu'
Published: June 2022

The Qur'an is the holy book of Muslims which is a guide for life and as an authoritative source of sharia in social life which will continue to develop the meaning of the verses of the Qur'an. The development linkage of the meaning of each reading of the Qur'anic verse is a potential to always be explored and studied in terms of theory and practice. In terms of theory, over time the Qur'an undergoes a reconstruction of understanding, while this reconstruction is related to the Qur'an which will continue to be developed with various kinds of knowledge and sharing approaches. Then on the other hand, the study of practice in relation to the Qur'an is how the holy verses of the Qur'an can be understood and practiced in everyday life.
sosiologi UAS thomas 3417070
Authors: Saputro Thomas Hari
Published: June 2022

The purpose of this study is to identifi the types and functions of code mixing switching used by facebook user. This study was designed as a qualitive research. There is 50 facebook accounts were observed in this study. The results show that the commutation code mixing is mostly used by facebook user. Mixed language between english and indonesian identified in their facebbok wall. Code switching and code mixing functions are 50 data, some data, namely 26 data have code switching with 26 data code switching there are18 personalization and objectivization as well as 7 expression facilities and 1 qualifying message. And 50 mixed data codes with details of 31 data personalization objectivization and 12 expression data facilities and 5 message qualification data and 2 data repetition.
Do Two-Party Systems Hamper Defection from Undemocratic Candidates?
Authors: Frederiksen Kristian Vrede Skaaning
Published: June 2022

Do the electoral constraints imposed by two-party systems make citizens less likely to defect from undemocratic candidates? I employ two innovative candidate choice experiments fielded in England to answer this question. Specifically, I implement two designs manipulating the number and effective number of parties displayed between two and three, exploiting England's party system characteristics. Contrary to expectations, I find that Labour and Conservative identifiers do not defect more from undemocratic in-partisan candidates when they face three (effective) parties---Labour, the Conservatives, and the Liberal Democrats---rather than just the two major parties. Instead, defection from undemocratic in-partisans to the out-party drops and relocates to the Liberal Democrats, even when the latter have no chance of winning. These findings highlight that having three parties does not generate more defection from undemocratic politicians---and that voters prefer defecting to the option ideologically nearest to the in-party even when this option is chanceless.
Dynamic functional hippocampal markers of residual depressive symptoms in euthymic bipolar disorder
Authors: Saccaro Luigi Francesco , Gaviria Julian , Van De Ville Dimitri , Piguet Camille
Published: June 2022

Objectives: Bipolar disorder (BD) is a severe, chronic, affective disorder characterized by recurrent switching between mood states, psychomotor and cognitive symptoms, which can linger in euthymic states as residual symptoms. Hippocampal alterations may play a key role in the neural processing of BD symptoms. However, its dynamic functional connectivity (dFC) remains unclear. Therefore, the present study explores hippocampal dFC in relation to BD symptoms.Methods: We assessed hippocampus-based dFC coactivation patterns (CAPs) on resting-state fMRI data of 25 euthymic BD patients and 25 age- and sex-matched healthy controls (HC).Results: Bilateral hippocampal dFC with somatomotor networks (SMN) was reduced in BD, compared to HC, while at the same time dFC between the left hippocampus and midcingulo-insular salience system (SN) was higher in BD. Correlational analysis between CAPs and clinical scores revealed that dFC between the bilateral hippocampus and the default-like network (DMN) correlated with depression scores in BD. Furthermore, pathological hyperconnectivity between the default mode network (DMN) and SMN and the frontoparietal network (FPN) was modulated by the same depression scores in BD.Conclusions: Overall, we observed alterations of large-scale functional brain networks associated with decreased flexibility in cognitive control, salience detection, and emotion processing in BD. Additionally, the present study provides new insights on the neural architecture underlying a self-centered perspective on the environment in BD patients. dFC markers may improve detection, treatment, and follow-up of BD patients and of disabling residual depressive symptoms in particular.
Segplot: A New Method for Visualizing Patterns of Multi-Group Segregation
Authors: Elbers Benjamin , Gruijters Rob J.
Published: June 2022

Social science research on between-group segregation relies heavily onmathematical indices of exposure and unevenness, which tell us very little about the underlying patterns of segregation. We present a new visual method for analyzing two-group and multi-group segregation patterns, which we call a segplot. Segplots provide an intuitive illustration of segregation between schools, neighborhoods, occupations, or other units, adding to the depth and communicability of scholarly research. The visualization shows the entire segregation pattern, as well as the relevant reference distribution used in many measures of segregation. Segplots are particularly useful when comparing patterns of segregation over time, between locations, or between different types of units. For more complex, high-dimensional segregation patterns, we also present an algorithm that can be used to “compress” the pattern to obtain a visually clearer result. We provide illustrative applications to typical problems insegregation research, demonstrating how segplots can be used to complement and enrich a traditional mathematical analysis of between-group segregation.
Effect Heterogeneity and the Challenges of Causal Attribution in Regression Discontinuity Designs
Authors: Bansak Kirk , Nowacki Tobias
Published: June 2022

Research investigating subgroup differences in treatment effects recovered using regression discontinuity (RD) designs has become increasingly popular. For instance, scholars have investigated whether incumbency effects on candidate persistence or winning again vary by candidate characteristics or local context. Under what conditions can we interpret subgroup differences in treatment effects as a causal result of the moderating characteristic? In this study, we explore the difference between RD effect conditionality that is simply associated with versus causally driven by another variable. To make this distinction explicit and formal, we define two alternative estimands, and we lay out identification assumptions required for each estimand along with corresponding estimation procedures. In doing so, we demonstrate how investigating RD effect conditionality that is causally driven by another variable involves several serious challenges related to interpretation, identification, and estimation. Accordingly, we urge caution and offer practical advice for applied researchers considering these alternative quantities of interest. To illustrate, we include applications to several recent studies.
“We’re Still on That Treadmill”: Class Privilege, Reflexivity, and the Disruptive Potential of Permaculture
Authors: Haney Timothy , Morrow Aulora
Published: June 2022

Permaculture, short-hand for “permanent agriculture,” is an ethical system and set of engineering and design principles, aimed at growing food locally while building community. Many adherents believe that it carries the potential to transform and re-localize our economic system. To explore these views, we interviewed 56 permaculturists in the western Canadian provinces of Alberta and British Columbia. Findings demonstrate that participants view the non-hierarchical, self-reliance, and exchange-based aspects of permaculture as potentially liberating. At the same time, they feel stuck and embedded within existing capitalist market relations, exemplified by land ownership, costs of implementing permaculture landscapes, and the need for employment-based income. Many tensions likewise emerge from their own class positions and the privileges associated with, and benefits accruing from, current capitalist modes of exchange. We conclude by discussing implications for theory and empirical research in environmental sociology and cognate areas.
What’s Wrong with Economics? A Primer for the Perplexed
Authors: Khadka Chakra Bahadur
Published: June 2022

Not available
Attitude towards Online Classes among Nursing Students during COVID-19 Pandemic at Nobel Medical College Teaching Hospital
Authors: Adhikari Sunaina
Published: June 2022

Background: Corona virus disease pandemic has hastened the adoption of digital technology and online classes have become part of nursing education. The transition from face-to-face learning towards online learning is full of challenges and it is very important to explore students’ viewpoints regarding online classes.

Materials and Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out at Nobel Medical College among undergraduate nursing students. Non-probability consecutive sampling technique was adopted to collect data and 117 students participated in the study. A self-structured online form was developed and data were collected by a self-administered questionnaire through an online survey method. Data was entered and analyzed by SPSS 22.0 version. A Chi-square test was performed to assess the association between background variables and attitude level.

Results: The study revealed that 50.43% of the students had negative attitudes towards online classes. In total, two-thirds (67.5%) of students preferred face-to-face learning. Variables such as age, enrolled nursing program, and year of study was significantly associated (p ≤ 0.05) with students’ attitudes towards online classes.

Conclusion: Despite being the alternative solution, almost half of nursing students relatively had negative attitudes towards online classes. Students were more inclined towards face-to-face learning in future days.
A Comparative Study of Laparoscopic Appendectomy with Open Appendectomy at a Tertiary Care Hospital
Authors: Koirala Ashok , Gautam Manish , Shah Sachidanand , Adhikari Dinesh , Bhattarai Amit , Kumar Yadav Ajay
Published: June 2022

Background: Appendectomy is most common surgical procedure done for treatment of acute appendicitis. Both laparoscopic and open techniques are used for its removal. The aim of this study is to compare the outcome of laparoscopic appendectomy with open appendectomy.

Materials and Methods: A retrospective study was conducted in Nobel Medical College And Teaching Hospital, Biratnagar, Nepal from April 2019 to February 2021.Total 90 patients were enrolled in the study of which 44 in laparoscopic appendectomy group and 46 in open appendectomy group. These two groups were compared for demographic profiles, operative time, postoperative pain, length of hospital stay and surgical site infections.

Results: Ninety patients underwent appendectomy of which 44 were in Laparoscopic group and 46 in Open group with similar demographic profiles. The mean operative time in Laparoscopic group was 42.95±2.46 minutes where as in Open group it was 35.25±1.87 minutes [p<0.001].The mean postoperative pain at 8 hours in Laparoscopic group was 7.77±1.03 and in Open group 8.45±1.16 [p=0.002], at day one Laparoscopic group 5.01±0.88 and in Open group 5.80±0.99 [p<0.001],at day two Laparoscopic group 3.54 ±1.19 and in Open group 4.26±0.89[p<0.001]. Mean duration of hospital stay in Laparoscopic group was 2.02±0.26 and Open group was 2.52 ±0.54[p<0.001]. Surgical site infections was noted 1(2.27%) in Laparoscopic group and 6(13.04%) in Open group[p=0.029].

Conclusion: Laparoscopic appendectomy offers less postoperative pain, shorter hospital stay, less surgical site infections but prolonged operative time compared to open appendectomy.
Outcome of Soft Tissue Coverage in Open Tibia Fractures with Non-Microvascular Flap at a Tertiary Care Hospital
Authors: Thapa Bishwamber , Sitoula Prakash , Kumar Jha Ranjib , Thapa Santosh , Kunwar Suman , Rajthala Ashish
Published: June 2022

Background:  Open tibia fractures are high energy injuries often associated with large soft defects, extensive soft tissue stripping and contamination requiring multiple debridement procedures. Collective ortho-plastic approach helps us achieve proper debridement, adequate fixation and early soft tissue coverage. Due to fairly high incidence of failure, steep learning curve, time consuming procedure and the cost of treatment for those tedious free flaps, non-microvascular flaps are being preferred to cover the soft tissue defects or exposed hardware in open tibia fractures.

Materials and Methods: A prospective study was carried out in 19 patients to assess the outcome of soft tissue coverage in open tibia fractures with non-microvascular flap. Out of these patients, 6 patients were treated with medial gastrocnemius flap, 5 patients with medial hemi-soleus, 5 patients with reverse sural fasciocutaneous flap, and 3 patients with local rotational random flaps. Outcome measures included bony union, deep surgical infection and flap failure.

Results: 84% patients were male whereas 16% patients were female. Road traffic accident was the major cause of the defect among the patients (74%). Complications in the form of deep infection (10%), non-union (21%), delayed union (10%) and marginal flap necrosis (21%) were observed.

Conclusion: In our study, early soft tissue coverage with appropriate non-microvascular flaps in management of severe open fractures of tibia was associated with more favourable outcomes.
Spleen Stiffness Measurement as Non-Invasive Surrogate for Esophageal Varices in Chronic Liver Disease
Authors: Sagar Tiwari Pratap , KC Sudhamshu
Published: June 2022

Background: In patients with chronic liver diseases, liver and spleen stiffness measurement by elastography is the most recent available noninvasive tool. However, the accuracy for prediction of esophageal varices has been inconsistent across various studies. So, this study was done to evaluate the diagnostic performance of spleen stiffness measurement for detecting esophageal varices.

Materials and Methods: This descriptive cross-sectional study was done from 19 March to 30 June 2019. Participants who met inclusion and exclusion criteria were consecutively enrolled for the study and underwent upper gastrointestinal endoscopic examination along with measurement of liver and spleen stiffness by fibroscan.

Results: A total of 78 patients were enrolled. Mean age (±SD) was 49.79 (±10.92) years. Of 78 patients, 58 (74.4 %) had esophageal varices. Among patients with varices, Small esophageal varices were present in 44.8 % (26) and large esophageal varices were present in 55.2 % (32).Liver stiffness higher than 21.7 kPa was found to detect patients with large esophageal varices and the area under the receiver operating curve being 0.79 (95% confidence interval: 0.69 – 0.89); p<0.001. It had sensitivity of 100.0% and specificity of 63% in predicting the presence of large esophageal varices. While, spleen stiffness having a cutoff value of 40 kPa with the area under the receiver operating curve being 0.98 (95% confidence interval: 0.96 – 1.00); p<0.001, had sensitivity of 100.0 % and specificity of 87.0 % in predicting the presence of large esophageal varices.

Conclusion: Spleen stiffness measurements by Transient Elastography predict large esophageal varices better than liver stiffness measurements.
Diagnosing Malignancy by Fine Needle Aspiration Cytology in Cases of Solitary Thyroid Nodules
Authors: Ghimire Bibek , Basnet Meenakshi , Shrestha Nischal , Amatya Satish , Bhattarai Suju
Published: June 2022

Background: A solitary thyroid nodule is a discrete swelling that is palpable in apparently normal thyroid gland. It can be identified clinically as well as radiologically. This study aims to find the prevalence of malignancy in clinically detected solitary thyroid nodule and to compare the findings in pre-operative fine needle aspiration cytology test with post-operative histopathological examination to assess the accuracy of the test.

Materials and Methods: A descriptive cross sectional study was done in patients attending the Otorhinolaryngology outpatient department in our hospital from January to December 2021 with clinically diagnosed solitary thyroid nodules. Ethical approval was taken from the Institutional Review Committee ofNobel Medical College and Teaching Hospital (58412021). The collected data were collected in Microsoft Excel 2013and was analyzed in Statistical Package for the Social Sciences version 21. Point estimate at 95% ConfidenceInterval and descriptive statistics were interpreted as frequency, percentage, or as mean and standarddeviations.

Results: Among 37 patients with clinically detected solitary thyroid nodules, malignancy was found in 12 (32.43%) (17.35-47.51 at 95% Confidence Interval).The mean age of presentation was 34 ± 13 years with male female ratio of 1:8.Fine needle aspiration cytology had 64.00% sensitivity and 75.68% specificity in detecting benign lesions and 100% both in detecting malignancy.

Conclusion: The prevalence of malignancy by fine needle aspiration cytology among clinically detected solitary thyroid nodules was high as compared to other similar studies done in similar settings
Epithelial Cell Abnormality in Cervical Pap Smear with Histopathological Correlation among Patients of a Tertiary Care Centre in Eastern Nepal
Authors: Das Manish Kumar , Bhandari Rashmita
Published: June 2022

Background: Cervical cancer is a leading health problem among women all over the world with significant mortality and morbidity in developing countries like Nepal. Pap smear is an effective and cost efficient diagnostic technique for cervical lesions. This study aims at histopathological correlation of cervical Pap smears.

Materials and Methods: A cross sectional study was conducted from January 2020 to January 2022 in Pathology department of Nobel Medical College Teaching Hospital (NMCTH). 119 cases of cervical Pap smear were reported using the Bethesda system and correlated with histopathological examination findings for various epithelial cell abnormalities. Analysis was done using SPSS software version 20.

Results: Out of 5110 smears examined, 119 were positive for epithelial cell abnormalities. Cellular abnormality was commonly seen between 31-60 years of age. Low grade Squamous Intraepithelial Lesion was the commonest lesion found. Pap smear findings had good concordance rates with histopathological findings for individual lesions. The overall sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value and diagnostic accuracy of Pap smear were 84%, 23.1%, 89.9%, 15% and 77.3% respectively.

Conclusion: Pap smear has a good diagnostic accuracy, sensitivity and positive predictive value in diagnosing cervical lesions in comparison to histopathological examination
Comparison of Blood Pressure Readings on a Bare Arm, over a Sleeve Arm and over a Rolled-Up Sleeve Arm in Outpatient Department of Medicine in Dhulikhel Hospital, Kathmandu University Hospital
Authors: Vaidya Nirish , Bhattarai Nishan , Gami Prabhat , Tamang Bijay , Bade Sahil , Bade Sohail
Published: June 2022

Background: It is universally recommended that blood pressure should be measured on bare arm for accurate reading. However, this is seldom done in busy clinical schedules. This study aims to see if clothing adjustments should be a concern while measuring blood pressure under suboptimal conditions.

Materials and Methods: This was a cross sectional study conducted at medicine department of Kathmandu University Hospital, Dhulikhel Hospital among conveniently selected 100 patients. After getting informed consent, consecutive blood pressure measurements were done over rolled-up sleeve arm, sleeve arm and bare arm in seated position. Socio-demographic information were obtained through an interview using a semi-structured questionnaire. Data were entered in Microsoft Excel and analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics in Statistical Software for Social Sciences version 20.

Results: The median of differences between sleeved arm and bare arm was 0 for both systolic and diastolic blood pressure and the median value for differences between rolled up arm and bare arm was 2 units for both systolic and diastolic blood pressure. Although the differences looked statistically significant, the size of the differences was not clinically significant.

Conclusion: Meticulous clothing adjustment has clinically insignificant differences in measurement of blood pressure if patient is wearing thin sleeves. Therefore, in suboptimal conditions, blood pressure can be measured on rolled-up sleeve arm and sleeve arm if patient is wearing thin sleeve clothes.
Subarachnoid Hemorrhage due to Ruptured Anterior Communicating Artery Aneurysm in a Child with Coarctation of Aorta
Authors: Gautam Pratima , Sedain Gopal , Shrestha Deependra Kumar , Sharma Mohan Raj
Published: June 2022

Intracranial aneurysms are sometimes associated with other vascular anomalies in extracranial location. Coarctation of aorta, a congenital vascular lesion can be associated with intracranial aneurysms. In patients with coarctation, evaluation of intracranial vasculature is essential. We encountered a 12-year kid with subarachnoid hemorrhage. On further evaluation, she had anterior communicating artery aneurysm. On further evaluation for secondary causes of aneurysm, she had coarctation of aorta. She was surgically managed successfully by clipping of the aneurysm.
Management Practice of Women in Entrepreneurship Activities of Micro Enterprise Running in Parbat District, Nepal
Authors: Dhaubhadel Sarita , Modi Devendra Kumar
Published: June 2022

Correction: On 21st September 2022 the co-author was changed from Dr D.K. Maheshwari to Prof. Dr. Devendra Kumar Modi
Micro-enterprises are small-scale businesses run by low-income people with government or non-government assistance. It helps people manage their daily requirements by improving their quality of life and adding value to the local economy in underdeveloped countries. They provide many small-scale jobs, raise income, increase purchasing power, and strengthen the country's economy. The major goal of this research was to find out how women micro-entrepreneurs may run their businesses as under-represented and seemingly stigmatized minority business owners. Micro businesses make managerial decisions based on individual tastes and priorities. The study discovered that the true meaning of micro-enterprise management goes beyond the standard business semantics. The study included 384 women from the Parbat district of Nepal who worked in micro-enterprises. According to the study, the participation of family members has a substantial impact on the success of a micro business. The results suggest that 99 percent of the women agreed the involvement of family members and supporters to run the enterprise. Similarly 74.50 percent women agreed that they received training to run their enterprise.
Lanthanide-Complexed Esters for Single-Well SOR Measurements
Authors: Brichart Thomas , Metidji Mahmoud Ould , Silva Mario , Viig Sissel Opsahl , Bjørnstad Tor
Published: June 2022

The main objective has been to improve the prevailing single-well chemical tracer push-and-pull technique, SWCTT, for measurement of residual oil saturation (SOR) in defined pay zones in a single well test [1,2,3] after water injection on the following subjects: • Improvement in tracer detection limits by a factor > 1000 • On-site or even on-line detection of tracer signal in true time • Reduction in the needed amount of tracer by a factor of > 1000 • Reduced footprint on production platforms during tracer operation The intended audience and technology users are oil and service companies.
Facilitating EFL Students in Maintaining Flow of Talks Using Mind Mapping
Authors: Halim Abdul
Published: June 2022

This case study discussed the use of mind mapping in sustaining the EFL students’ flow of talks. Mind mapping was utilized to assist the participants in generating ideas, retaining vocabulary, making notes and tasks, and providing clear progress for presentations or talks. After mind mapping was introduced, the participants were asked to talk. They were also interviewed to obtain their general sense of how much mind mapping has contributed to maintaining the flow of their talks. These data were then analyzed qualitatively through the following stages: familiarizing with the data; generating initial codes; searching for themes; reviewing themes; defining and naming themes, and producing the report. The findings revealed that participants could sustain the entire talk, particularly the introduction and body as opposed to the conclusion. As for the conclusion, one did not use it at all in the first and second talks. This was primarily because such a student has a poor cognition process. Since mind mapping has had profound benefits to the target learners and the teachers, such as it could aid the desire to read, and uplift the competence of generating and organizing ideas. Explore its application in the teaching and learning process to maintain the flow of the talks is highly recommended.