bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Inwiefern beeinflussen die Vorbeziehung und das Geschlecht von Täterin/Täter und Opfer die Beurteilung der Notwendigkeit rechtlicher und polizeilicher Maßnahmen bei Stalking? Eine experimentelle Studie an (angehenden) Polizeibeamtinnen/-beamten und Juristinnen/Juristen
Authors: Posch Lena , Sklarek Benjamin
Published: November 2024

Stalking äußert sich oft durch eine Reihe von Verhaltensweisen, die einzeln betrachtet gesellschaftlich oder rechtlich angemessen sein können, wie Textnachrichten, Telefonanrufe oder Geschenke. Aufgrund seiner komplexen und mehrdeutigen Natur ist die Formulierung einer umfassenden rechtlichen Definition schwierig, was wiederum eine effektive strafrechtliche Verfolgung behindert. International stellt Stalking eine Straftat dar, die erhebliche Herausforderungen für Ermittlungs- und Strafverfolgungsbehörden mit sich bringt, wobei die Verurteilungsrate im Verhältnis zu den polizeilich angezeigten Fällen auffallend niedrig ist. Daher ist das Verständnis der Entscheidungsprozesse von Polizisten und Juristen in Stalking-Fällen von hoher Relevanz. Diese Studie stellt eine der ersten experimentellen Untersuchungen zur Bewertung spezifischer polizeilicher Maßnahmen und rechtlicher Konsequenzen in Stalking-Situationen dar.

212 Polizei- und 149 Jurastudierende bearbeiteten vier Vignetten, in welchen das Verhältnis zwischen Opfer und Täter (Fremder, Bekannter, Ex-Partner, mit und ohne vorheriger Gewalt) und deren Geschlecht variierte. Die Teilnehmenden bewerteten die Angemessenheit verschiedener polizeilicher Maßnahmen (z. B. Ingewahrsamnahme, Gefährderansprache) und mögliche Verfahrensausgänge (z. B. Verurteilungen, Geldstrafen, Haftstrafen, Täter-Opfer-Ausgleich) sowie die Angemessenheit der bestehenden Gesetzgebung.

Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass das Geschlecht der Teilnehmenden in beiden Stichproben einen minimalen Einfluss hatte. Allerdings beeinflussten die Art der Beziehung zwischen Opfer und Täter sowie deren Geschlechter die Bewertungen der angemessenen polizeilichen Maßnahmen und rechtlichen Folgen erheblich. Interessanterweise bewerteten die Jurastudierenden die meisten rechtlichen Maßnahmen als angemessener als die Polizeistudierenden, die im Gegenzug die Stalking-Gesetzgebung als weniger ausreichend ansahen.

Diese Befunde werden im Kontext der vorangegangenen Forschung zu Stalking-Wahrnehmungen und ihren praktischen Implikationen für die Strafverfolgungsbehörden diskutiert.
Innovative eco-friendly bio-composites: A comprehensive review of the fabrication, characterization, and applications
Authors: Santhosh Nagaraja , Praveena Bindiganavile Anand , Gowda Ashwin C. , Duhduh Alaauldeen A. , Rajhi Ali A. , Alamri Sagr , Berwal Parveen , Khan Mohammad Amir , Wodajo Anteneh Wogasso
Published: November 2024

Sustainability and the need for biodegradable composites are the two new buzzwords finding prominence in recent times. In this regard, there has been a significant increase in interest regarding natural fiber composites (NFCs) due to their potential to address environmental issues and contribution toward the development of sustainable materials. The aim of this extensive review is to thoroughly investigate the current research landscape, advancements, and applications of NFCs. The study covers a range of topics, including the various types of natural fibers commonly used, their processing techniques, reinforcement strategies, mechanical properties, morphological characteristics, biodegradability, and sustainability. It also explores their potential uses across different industries. Furthermore, this article examines the challenges and opportunities associated with NFCs, as well as their environmental impacts and economic viability. By conducting a detailed analysis of existing literature, this review aims to shed light on the advancements achieved so far and the future potential of NFCs as eco-friendly alternatives to conventional materials. Ultimately, it offers insights into how these materials can enhance sustainability in material engineering.
Seeking Forward, Looking Forward: A Replication and Generalization of the Future Orientation Index Utilizing Baidu Index
Authors: Xu Yuepei , Li Ya , Liang Zhu-Yuan
Published: November 2024

Search interest in the upcoming year compared with the past has been proposed as the Future Orientation Index (FOI) to assess forward-looking tendencies. Our study aimed to replicate and extend correlations between the FOI and key development indicators, such as GDP and Human Development Index (HDI), across countries with different dominant search engines (from Google to Baidu), time periods (from 2012 to 2021), and measurement levels (inter-country, intra-country, and individual). Our results successfully replicated the correlation between the Baidu-based FOI and province-level GDP (r = .719–.860, ps < .001) and HDI (r = .635–.867, ps < .001) from 2012 to 2021 in China. However, the FOI could not predict patience (β = −.038, p = .402) measured at an individual level. Our findings provide an easily accessible index to investigate intra-cultural differences in future orientation and underscored two prerequisites for the FOI: 1) the selection of a locally dominant search engine and unambiguous keywords and 2) the application of the FOI within a group-level context.
Methodology of the cultural approach in pedagogical research
Authors:   Siberian Institute of Management, Branch of Russian Academy of National Economy and Public Administration Under the President of the Russian Federation, Yurchenko Margarita Alekseevna
Published: November 2024

The article actualizes the problem of choosing a relevant methodology for pedagogical research. Attention is drawn to the resourcefulness and potential of the cultural approach in education. The purpose of the article is to rethink the cultural approach as a research methodology taking into account the current challenges facing pedagogical science. Methodology. The study is a theoretical analysis of domestic and foreign works of several linguacultural groups that are in the rearguard of the implementation of the cultural approach. The pool of materials consisted of studies selected using the ResearcherGate, eLibrary, Google Scholar databases. The author substantiates the relevance and uniqueness of the cultural approach, illustrates its specificity in foreign educational practices. The work identifies the challenges of implementing the cultural approach in Russia and correlates them with its basic principles. It is concluded that it is the cultural approach that allows for a preventive effect on moral absolutism and negative relativism, eliminating potential conflict in the educational environment.
The use of Big Data in Continuing Teacher Education
Authors:   South Ural State Humanitarian Pedagogical University, Leushkanova Olga Yu.
Published: November 2024

The article deals with the problem of using big data in continuing teacher education in the medium of secondary vocational education, which uses rapidly developing technologies. The purpose of this article is to study the application of big data technologies in the process of continuing pedagogical education. Research methods include theoretical analysis, testing of professional competencies, comparison, observation, and analogies in the context of digital transformation of the educational process. Systematic analysis contains the measurement, collection, processing and visualization of large-scale volumes of both structured and unstructured information. The advantages and problems of technologies in the context of the development of the digital space of the educational process, which are a valuable resource for teachers and students, are investigated. The study analyzes the implementation of the professional development program “Big Data in the professional activity of a teacher”, which describes the improvement of the level of theoretical knowledge of employees, as well as practical skills and abilities through the introduction of information technologies, diagnostics of professional competencies, testing of new technologies in the process of implementing the program. The results obtained using big data technologies allow the teacher to better understand the educational needs of students and improve teaching methods. The development and application of big data and AI in the field of education requires technical progressivity, attentive attitude to the social responsibility of the teacher, ethical standards, and willingness to cooperate with participants in educational relations. Big data is a powerful tool for improving the quality of education, which is achieved provided that appropriate ethical and legal aspects are taken into account, contributing to sustainable and beneficial progress for all.
Pedagogical Support for the Development of Advanced Skills among Students with Special Educational Needs in the Context of Gamification
Authors:   Glazovsky State Engineering Pedagogical University, Scryabina Darya Yuryevna
Published: November 2024

The scientific review article presents the rationale for a doctoral dissertation research related to the problem of developing superprofessional skills in children with special educational needs (children with mental and physical development disorders, emigrant children, children in difficult life situations, gifted and other categories of children) in conditions for the implementation of gamification as an element of systemic pedagogical support of the educational process. The idea of transition and use of gamification in the educational environment as a condition for the implementation of the educational process is relevant today. Gamification is very actively used in education as a tool for motivating students, systematizing new knowledge and consolidating learned material, as well as an element of reflection of acquired knowledge among students. The category of superprofessional skills from the general category of the terminological base of modern educational processes, including in sociology, philosophy, psychology and business, analysis of their various interpretations and elements. The terms studied do not always have pedagogical content, although transprofessional skills are mainly formed in educational activities. Among the variety of available concepts in the study of superprofessional skills, a number of directions in understanding and their application stand out. The purpose of the article is to present a theoretical basis for creating a concept of pedagogical support for the development of advanced skills for students with special educational needs in the context of gamification. Methodology: the main research approaches are axiological, practice-oriented, socio-cultural, and competency-based. Conclusion: gamification is quite effective not only for normotypical children, but also for children with special needs. In this regard, there is an increasing need for a more in-depth analysis and pedagogical content of the concept of “gamification”, the development of its classification and universal technology for more effective organization of the educational process with students.
Family Studies: Pedagogy of Family Living
Authors:   Institute of Educational Development Strategy, Shustova Inna Yurievna
Published: November 2024

Introduction. The article presents a co-existential approach to education in the family, through the ideas of “pedagogy of residence”. The purpose of the article is to reveal the co-existence approach as a method of “pedagogy of living”, its necessary characteristics, conditions for implementation. The main method of research is the analysis of scientific approaches to the stated problem, which in general made it possible to generalize and analyze similar results obtained in pedagogy and related sciences (psychology, philosophy, sociology, physiology), reflection of one’s own experience of work in this direction. Research results. Experience is, first of all, the emotional component of family life; the article reveals important positions that reveal the phenomenon of “living”: features of mutual connections and relationships, psychological closeness within the family, a sense of community between family members, the emotional tone of life within, the psychological climate of the family. The basis of coexistence is the value-semantic interaction between adults and children. The article presents the characteristics of value-semantic interaction: this is the joint interest of the participants in the interaction; openness and trust; interaction should be positional, when each participant can openly and honestly express their position; it must be based on reflective processes. In conclusion, recommendations are presented to parents who are focused on coexistence with their children: organize bright, interesting activities; joyful events; do not evaluate children; make children’s lives varied and joyful; catch and use co-existent situations and be able to create such situations yourself, model the conditions for their implementation.
ИЗМЕНЕНИЕ СОСТАВА И КОЛЛОИДНОЙ СТАБИЛЬНОСТИ ТЯЖЕЛОЙ НЕФТИ В ПРИСУТСТВИИ ХИНОЛИНА
Authors: Д.С. КОРНЕЕВ , Г.С. ПЕВНЕВА
Published: November 2024

Исследовано влияние низкомолекулярных азотистых оснований (на примере хинолина) на состав и коллоидную стабильность асфальтенов в растворах и нефтяных дисперсных системах. В качестве объектов исследования использовались модельные нефтяные системы с содержание основного азота 1.0-3.0 мас. %, полученные смешением исходной нефти и хинолина. Содержание основного азота определяли с использованием метода неводного потенциометрического титрования. Анализ коллоидной стабильности асфальтенов в растворах и нефтяных системах проводился методом спектрофотометрии. Показано, что с увеличением содержания основного азота (хинолина) до 3 мас. % в нефтяных системах снижается содержание асфальтенов на 0.22 мас. %. Вместе с тем увеличивается содержание смол практически на 8 мас. %. С увеличением содержания хинолина в нефтяных системах доля основного азота в выделенных из них асфальтенах возрастает с 1.71 до 3.60 мас. %, что указывает на активное участие хинолина в образовании надмолекулярных структур асфальтенов при осаждении последних н-гексаном. Присутствие низкомолекулярных азотистых оснований (хинолина) в нефти способствует значительному повышению скорости роста агрегатов и снижению коллоидной стабильности нефтяных систем.

The influence of low molecular weight nitrogenous bases (by the example of quinoline) on the composition and colloidal stability of asphaltenes in solutions and oil dispersed systems is investigated. The objects of study were model oil systems with the basic nitrogen content of 1.0-3.0 wt. %, obtained by mixing the original oil and quinoline. The content of basic nitrogen (Nbas) was determined using the method of non-aqueous potentiometric titration. Analysis of the colloidal stability of asphaltenes in solutions and oil systems was carried out by spectrophotometry. It is shown that the content of asphaltenes in oil systems is reduced by 0.22 wt. % with an increase in the content of basic nitrogen (quinoline) up to 3 wt. %. At the same time, the content of resins increases by almost 8 wt. %. With an increase in the content of quinoline in oil systems, the proportion of basic nitrogen in the asphaltenes isolated from them increases from 1.71 to 3.60 wt. %, which indicates the active participation of quinoline in the formation of supramolecular structures of asphaltenes during their precipitation with n-hexane. The presence of low molecular weight nitrogenous bases (quinoline) in oil contributes to a significant increase in the growth rate of aggregates and a decrease in the colloidal stability of oil systems.
ПЕРЕРАБОТКА ОТХОДОВ ИЗ ДИБОРИДА ЦИРКОНИЯ МЕТОДОМ ИЗМЕЛЬЧЕНИЯ И ПОВТОРНОГО ИСКРОВОГО ПЛАЗМЕННОГО СПЕКАНИЯ
Authors: В.И. МАЛИ , М.А. КОРЧАГИН , А.Г. АНИСИМОВ , М.А. ЕСИКОВ , М.Г. ДЕНИСОВ , О.И. ЛОМОВСКИЙ , О.В. ЖАКОВА , Т.В. КАЙСИНА
Published: November 2024

Предложен экономичный и экологически безопасный способ переработки методом измельчения с помощью проточной центробежной мельницы ЦЭМ-7-1 отходов после электроэрозионной обрезки заготовок, полученных искровым плазменным спеканием порошковой композиции на основе диборида циркония c добавками карбида кремния, оксидов лантана и иттрия. Исследована микроструктура и фазовый состав спеченных заготовок, изготовленных из исходной порошковой композиции и из порошка, полученного после размола отходов керамики, остающихся после чистовой обработки готовых изделий. Показано, что для увеличения выхода измельченного порошка необходимо предварительное дробление самых крупных частей отходов, которые не поддаются размолу в мельнице. Выявлено отсутствие различий в фазовом составе исходных и переработанных смесей порошков и заготовок из них, что показывает возможность повторного использования отходов для искрового плазменного спекания изделий из керамических порошков на основе диборида циркония с целью сокращения расхода исходных компонентов.

An economically viable and environmentally friendly method is proposed for recycling the wastes from electrical discharge cutting of the blanks obtained by the spark plasma sintering of a powdered composition based on zirconium diboride with the addition of silicon carbide, lanthanum and yttrium oxides. The wastes are ground in a flow-type centrifugal mill TsEM-7-1, and the product of milling is further consolidated by spark plasma sintering. The microstructure and phase composition of the sintered materials made from initial powder composition and the powder obtained by grinding the ceramic wastes from final machining of finished products are investigated. It is shown that the largest pieces in the wastes that cannot be ground in the mill are to be crushed preliminarily to enhance the yield of ground powder. The absence of differences in the phase composition of initial and processed powder mixtures and blanks made of them has been revealed, which demonstrates the possibility of repeated use of the wastes for spark plasma sintering of the materials formed from ceramic powders based on zirconium diboride, for the purpose of decreasing the consumption of initial components.
Paracentral acute middle maculopathy associated with non-arteritic ischemic optic neuropathy: a case report
Authors: Gabriel MD Espinoza , Mauricio MD Pérez
Published: November 2024

Objective: To describe a case of paracentral acute middle maculopathy (PAMM) associated with non-arteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy (NAION). Methods: A 63-year-old patient presented with floaters (myodesopsia) and flashes of light (photopsia) associated with decreased visual acuity. Results: The visual field test revealed a centrocecal defect, and optical coherence tomography (OCT) showed hyperreflective areas in the inner nuclear layer in the temporal parafoveal region, along with alterations related to edema in the neuroretinal ring (RDNFL) secondary to NAION. Hypoperfusion and reduced vascular density were noted in the parafoveal and choroidal regions, as well as in the optic nerve (ON). Conclusion: Although there are no definitive treatments for these two pathologies, it is important to know how to interpret optical coherence tomography (OCT) and OCT angiography (OCTA). These non-invasive and reproducible techniques help monitor structural changes in these pathologies without the adverse effects of invasive tests.
Rare in Ukraine and new for the Ukrainian Carpathians species of macrofungi recorded in the Kamenystyi protected area (Hutsulshchyna National Nature Park)
Authors:   Hutsulshchyna National Nature Park 84 Druzhby Str., Kosiv 78601, Ukraine, Fokshei S.I. , Heluta V.P. ,   M.G. Kholodny Institute of Botany, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, 2 Tereshchenkivska Str., Kyiv 01601, Ukraine
Published: November 2024

A list of 20 rare in Ukraine species of macrofungi (Ascomycota and Basidiomycota) recorded in 2012–2023 in the Kamenisty protected area (Hutsulshchyna National Nature Park, Ivano-Frankivsk Region) is provided. Of them, 12 records are new for the Ukrainian Carpathians. Information about habitats, substrate preferences, ecological features and general distribution of the fungi is provided. Eight species (Clitocybe angustissima, Cortinarius praestans, C. prasinus, Discina fastigiata, Hygrophorus poetarum, Lactarius acerrimus, Leucopaxillus gentianeus and Tricholoma pardinum), which are red-listed in a number of European countries, are recommended to be included in the Red List of fungi of Ivano-Frankivsk Region.
The Arab Ethnic Identity Politics in Indonesia: A Female Representation in Fatat Qarut and Fatimah
Authors: Amsariah Siti , Al-Bahar Ali Hasan , Ummah Sayidatul
Published: November 2024

PurposeThis research sought to delve into the representation of Arab women in 'Fatat Qarut' and 'Fatimah' as well as conducting a comparative analysis upon the textual ideologies instilled in both works.MethodThis research was a qualitative study utilizing descriptive analysis. A documentation technique was used as data collection means concentrating on specific passages within the text in order to uncover the strategies employed in representing women through textual quotations. Technically, the quotations were analysed using a comparative literature framework and feminist literary criticism. FindingsThis research demonstrated that the two texts present different portrayals of women based on the narrative strategy used. This variance was attributed to the generational gap between the two authors. 'Fatat Qarut' depicts women as superior and independent, whereas 'Fatimah' portrays women as inferior and submissive. ConlcusionThe study conlcudes these depictions highlight that the role and status of women within the Arab ethnic group are shaped and dominated by social and cultural stratification.
Palestinian Social Political Conflict in Mourid Barghouti’s Novel Ra’aytu Ramallah: A Ralf Dahrendorf’s Perspective
Authors: Dinia Hima Roiku
Published: November 2024

PurposeThis study aimed to determine the forms of socio-political conflict in the novel Ra'aytu Ramallah by Mourid Barghouti based on the perspective of Ralf Dahrendorf; and describe and classify the conflict based on the two faces of society, power and authority, groups involved in the conflict, and conflict control. MethodThis descriptive qualitative research used Ralf Dahrendorf's theory to describe socio-political conflict in Mourid Barghouti's novel Ra'aytu Ramallah. This study used Mourid Barghouti's novel Ra'aytu Ramallah. It used a reading and note-taking to collect data on socio-political tensions in Mourid Barghouti's novel Ra'aytu Ramallah from Ralf Dahrendorf's perspective, while its analysis used Miles and Hubberman's interactive model analysis that has three stages: data reduction, data presentation, and conclusion. Result/FindingThe results of this study showed this conflict consisted of several forms, namely the struggle for settlements, attacks by the Intifada movement, and social conflicts that occur within the Palestinian community itself. In conflict and consensus, there were three forms of conflicts and two forms of consensus. Between the two sides in the conflict, power was dominated by the Israeli side. There are one form of power and two forms of authority. In the parties involving in the conflict, there were two quasi groups and two interest groups. In an effort to control conflicts, there was one form of arbitration. ConclusionThe socio-political conflict in the novel Ra'aytu Ramallah by Mourid Barghouti is in the form of a power struggle conflict that occurs between Palestine and Israel. This conflict takes several forms, namely the struggle for forced settlements by Israel against the Palestinians, the attacks carried out by the Intifada as a form of resistance to the Israeli occupation, and the social conflicts that occur within Palestinian society itself between Palestinians who work with Israel and its loyal Palestinian population are fighting against Israel for the sovereignty of its state.
The Authenticity of Qur’anic Codification: A Critique of Theodor Noldeke's Perspective
Authors: Zubaidi Sujiat , Asnawi Aqdi Rofiq , Fikriyah Asfa
Published: November 2024

PurposeThis research aimed to reveal the integrity of Utsman bin Affan and the authenticity of the Qur'an by the three parameters of integrity: Honesty, Consistency, and Courage, and three parameters of authenticity: Continuity, credibility, and symbolism. It also involved the criticism study of Theodor Noldeke’s View about the codification of The Qur’an. MethodThis research employed a qualitative library approach to analyze Theodor Noldeke's views on the codification of the Qur'an. The analysis method consists of two steps: first, a descriptive analysis of Noldeke's intellectual background and the concepts of integrity and authenticity; second, a comparative analysis of the codification of the Qur'an from the perspectives of Muslim and Western scholars. Results/findingsThere were integrity factors in Utsman bin Affan, namely honesty and trustworthiness in behaviour, consistency in action, and courage and responsibility in making decisions. Utsman bin Affan was a caliph with integrity, so all the policies he issued towards the codification of the Qur'an guaranteed authenticity. ConclusionAlthough Theodor Noldeke argued that the Qur'an codification policy of Utsman bin Affan was inauthentic and has many problems with it, this statement was considered incorrect due to differences in research methods used, as well as differences in the history of the Qur'an and the Bible.
Massachusetts Pediatric Injury Equity Review (MassPIER): A Process to Address Injury Inequities
Authors: Naghiloo Fatemeh , Shields Wendy , Frattaroli Shannon , Rasbold-Gabbard Max , Thomas Rebekah , Kendi Sadiqa
Published: November 2024

OBJECTIVES

Significant inequities in pediatric injury outcomes exist. We aim to develop a process to assist child death review (CDR) teams in identifying upstream factors that lead to inequitable outcomes in pediatric injuries.

METHODS

We spent 6 months (November 2021–April 2022) working with 3 CDR teams in Massachusetts to understand their tools and processes for CDR. During that time, we began to iteratively develop a pediatric injury equity review process and tools. Between May and October 2022, acceptability and adaptability of the resulting Massachusetts Pediatric Injury Equity Review (MassPIER) process and tools were evaluated through focus groups and a Research Electronic Data Capture survey of participants. We compared the prevention recommendations of the CDR teams before the implementation of MassPIER with those generated using MassPIER. A χ2 and Fisher’s exact test assessed whether the 2 sets of recommendations differed with regard to equity.

RESULTS

A 7-step process was developed, along with 2 tools for use during the MassPIER process. From an acceptability and adaptability standpoint, 100% of participants strongly agreed or agreed that the MassPIER process was simple to follow and adaptable to any type of injury. Ninety-five percent of participants agreed or strongly agreed that the approach could be replicated by other teams. Furthermore, the MassPIER process increased the likelihood of generating equity-focused recommendations in general (P < .05), and particularly recommendations focusing on economic inequities (P < .05).

CONCLUSIONS

MassPIER is effective in facilitating equity-focused discussion and recommendation development. It is acceptable to team members, and adaptable to other types of injury.
Leveraging the Fetal and Infant Mortality Review (FIMR) Process to Advance Health Equity
Authors: Turman Jack E. , Joy Susanna , Fournier Rosemary
Published: November 2024

The fetal and infant mortality review (FIMR) process is a community-oriented strategy focused on improving the health services systems for pregnant persons, infants, and their families. FIMR helps communities to understand and change systems that contribute to racial disparities in birth outcomes. FIMR equally values the medical and social services delivery records and the personal narratives of families who have suffered a fetal or infant loss when creating the de-identified case summaries to be reviewed by teams. A two-tiered process, FIMR uses a multidisciplinary Case Review Team (CRT) as the information processor and the Community Action Team (CAT) as the action arm of the process. Pediatricians are vital to both teams, helping to bring about systems change to improve maternal and child health. This paper examines how the well-established FIMR team serving Indianapolis (Marion County, IN) worked to build the capacity of its CAT to address racial disparities in birth outcomes through 5 distinct steps: focus on the primary causes of local fetal or infant mortality, focus on neighborhoods with the highest stable fetal or infant mortality rates, designation of a CAT leader, creation of a culture of regular CAT meetings inclusive of a health-equity skill building curriculum, and inclusion of Grassroots Maternal and Child Health Leaders on the CAT. This paper demonstrates how the synergy between local organizations and community members can effectively address racial disparities in birth outcomes.
Unexplained Infant Deaths Without Unsafe Sleep Factors: 2011 to 2020
Authors: Cottengim Carri , Batra Erich , Erck Lambert Alexa B. , Parks Sharyn E. , Colarusso Tiffany , Bundock Elizabeth , Shapiro-Mendoza Carrie K.
Published: November 2024

OBJECTIVES

To describe sudden unexpected infant deaths (SUIDs) occurring in safe sleep environments and explore differences in selected characteristics.

METHODS

We examined SUID from 22 jurisdictions from 2011 to 2020 and classified them as unexplained, no unsafe sleep factors (U-NUSF). Data were derived from the Sudden Unexpected Infant Death and Sudden Death in the Young Case Registry, a population-based Centers for Disease Control and Prevention surveillance system built on the National Center for Fatality Review and Prevention’s child death review program. SUID classified as U-NUSF included infants who were (1) awake, under supervision, and witnessed to become unresponsive or (2) found unresponsive in a safe sleep environment after sleep (unwitnessed). We calculated frequencies and percentages for demographics, birth and environmental characteristics, medical history, and death investigation findings.

RESULTS

Most of the 117 U-NUSF SUID occurred before 4 months of age. Witnessed deaths most commonly occurred at <1 month of age (28%), whereas unwitnessed deaths most commonly occurred at ages 2 to 3 months (44%) Among all U-NUSF, 69% occurred in the infant’s home (62% witnessed, 77% unwitnessed). All unwitnessed deaths occurred in a crib; most witnessed deaths occurred while being held (54%) or in a car seat traveling (18%). Most infants (84%) had no history of abuse or neglect. Abnormal autopsy findings were reported in 46% of deaths (49% witnessed, 42% unwitnessed).

CONCLUSIONS

Characterizing these deaths is key to advancing our knowledge of SUID etiology. Our study revealed a heterogeneous group of infants, suggesting physiologic, genetic, or environmental etiologies.
Collaboration to Reduce Sudden Unexpected Infant Death With Child Fatality Review and Outreach
Authors: Howard Mary Beth , Dineen Rebecca , Blakely Alison , Badero Sinmidele , Solomon Barry S. , Krugman Scott
Published: November 2024

Sudden unexpected infant death (SUID) is the leading cause of postneonatal infant mortality in the United States, with disproportionately high rates in Baltimore City and Baltimore County in Maryland. This Advocacy Case Study describes the collaboration between the City and County Child Fatality Review teams to decrease infant mortality. B’more for Healthy Babies, formed in 2009 by the Bureau of Maternal Child Health in Baltimore City with the goal of reducing infant mortality through policy change, service improvements, community mobilization, and behavior change has had a sustained effort to respond to SUID. Recognizing that infants born in Baltimore City often reside in Baltimore County (and vice versa), collaboration with Baltimore County has been essential to increasing B’more for Healthy Babies’ scope, reach, and effectiveness. Public health messaging campaigns, creation, and dissemination of a “SLEEP SAFE” testimonial video, and Safe Sleep Summits have involved caregivers, healthcare providers, and community partners. Outcomes of this ongoing collaboration demonstrate a decrease in sleep-related infant mortality rates. Our findings also highlight the need for continued, real time monitoring of sleep-related infant mortality trends with a coordinated, multidisciplinary, and crossjurisdictional response. This initiative can serve as a model of cross-sector communication that can be replicated in other similar geographic locations to further reduce SUID.
Contextual Factors Influencing Firearm Deaths Occurring Among Children
Authors: Hartman Heather A. , Seewald Laura A. , Weigend Vargas Eugenio , Portugal Jorge , Ehrlich Peter F. , Mintz Sasha , Foster Cynthia Ewell , Sokol Rebeccah , Wiebe Douglas , Carter Patrick M.
Published: November 2024

OBJECTIVES

Contextual factors that contribute to firearm injuries among children aged 0 to 10 are not well understood.

METHODS

A retrospective review of the National Fatality Review-Case Reporting System was conducted for firearm deaths of children aged 0 to 10 from 2004 to 2020. Descriptive analyses characterized child and parent demographics, incident details, firearm characteristics, and firearm use. Cluster analysis identified key clustering of contextual variables to inform prevention efforts.

RESULTS

Within the study timeframe, 1167 child firearm deaths were reported (Mage = 4.9; 63.2% male; 39.4% urban). At the time of the incident, 52.4% of firearms were reported unlocked and 38.5% loaded. Firearm deaths occurred primarily at the child’s home (69.0%) or a friend or relative’s home (15.9%), with most involving a handgun (80.6%). Children were supervised in 74.6% of incidents, and 38.4% of child supervisors were impaired during the incident. Cluster analysis identified incident contextual factors clustering in distinct groups, including unsupervised firearm play, long gun discharge while cleaning, hunting, or target shooting, supervised discharge within the child’s home, murder-suicide events, deaths occurring in the context of intimate partner violence, and community violence firearm deaths.

CONCLUSIONS

Data highlight the importance of primary prevention through secure firearm storage to prevent child firearm deaths. Efforts focused on identifying and reducing intimate partner violence, addressing community violence (eg, community greening), and implementing policy that limit firearm access (eg, domestic violence restraining orders, background checks), may reduce child firearm deaths.
Farewell to Sophie Coe
Authors: Davidson Alan , Davidson Jane
Published: November 2024

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Puddings as Love-Offerings
Authors: Sobey Barbara , Hayman Damaris
Published: November 2024

Barbara Sobey the food historian and Damaris Hayman the actress have a common interest in eating habits of other years. While researching a book on food in early children's literature, they were struck by the mystic quality of certain foods, and wrote their essay on 'Bread and Milk' (PPC 37 ), later the basis of a broadcast in Radio 3' s 'Table Talk' series. Now read on ...
The Prospect Behind Us
Authors: Davidson Alan
Published: November 2024

Part 1 of a two-part essay: WHAT and HOW. First, a brief history of Prospect Books, its birth and what it did up to 1993. Part 2, to follow, will be about how the operation was carried out.
Modern approaches to typologization and modeling in the health technology assessment
Authors: Babenko Mykhailo , Kosyachenko Kostyantyn
Published: November 2024

The aim: to develop a typology of the current management systems for health technology assessment (HTA) based on the identification of typological features in order to scientifically and practically substantiate a typological model that combines the most stable properties and can be implemented in a variety of modifications, taking into account the dynamic development of the health care system (HCS).
Materials and methods: The study used scientific publications, official information from the websites of national or regional bodies/agencies, international organizations on HTA, reports, databases and official documents of the World Health Organization (WHO). The research used the following methods: the system analysis, content analysis, institutional analysis, structural-functional analysis, generalization, comparison, systematization, classification, synthesis, typology, and modeling. To conduct a typological analysis, 34 countries were selected in which the HTA has been implemented in the decision-making process for the use and financing of medical technologies (MTs).
Research results. An institutional analysis of national HTA systems was conducted. The status of HTA in the national health care systems of the selected countries and, in particular, the role of HTA in the decision-making process regarding the use of certain MTs were studied. The author analyzes the institutional capacity of the HTA system (availability of a special authorized body, level of centralization/decentralization, financing, regulatory framework and human resources). The functionality and areas of activity of HTA bodies (organizations), the level of accountability, openness and interaction with various stakeholders are analyzed. The systematization and generalization of foreign experience made it possible to conduct a typological analysis by characteristic features). Four types of HTA management systems are identified (starting, centralized, decentralized, and balanced).
Conclusions: The study identifies and analyzes the areas of activity of the bodies/organizations in most countries of the world that carry out HTA in terms of their mission, vision and functionality, as well as assesses the level of their openness and interaction with various stakeholders. The scientific generalization and systematization of modern approaches and models of HTA systems made it possible to typologize them on the basis of certain characteristic classification features
State-of-the-art procedural considerations for the prosthetic alignment of transfemoral and transtibial prostheses
Authors:   University of Antioquia, Cárdenas Andrés ,   St. Bonaventure University, Uribe Juliana , Andrysek Jan ,   Bloorview Research Institute, Hernandez Alher , Plata-Contreras Jesús Alberto
Published: November 2024

Prosthetic alignment plays an important role in the rehabilitation and outcomes of individuals with lower-limb loss. The goal of this work was to systematically review the state-of-the-science related to prosthetic alignment research and to identify the primary outcomes associated with prosthetic alignment as well as considerations for implement-ing alignment procedures. The review process comprised literature search in Scopus, PubMed, and IEEE databases. The PRISMA methodology was used to identify the preva-lence of prosthetic alignment procedures from a technical and procedural point of view. Data extracted from papers included population attributes, outcome measures and met-rics, alignment procedure characteristics, and the effects of prosthetic alignment on re-habilitation outcomes. The quality of the papers was assessed using thirteen predeter-mined criteria. Most studies in the sample were rated as low quality based on our formal assessment. The studies found that changes in socket reaction moment, ground reaction force, socket-stump interface pressure, spatiotemporal data, and patient comfort were typically affected by socket and foot angulations and translations. Considerations for alignment research focused on ambulation method, footwear use, accommodation time, and number of trials. The literature provides limited information about the considerations and outcomes of alignment procedures. The evidence is not of high quality and primarily relates to individuals with transtibial amputation.
The feces flow in colon: biomechanics, rheology, simulation
Authors:   Perm National Research Polytechnic University, Shmurak Marina
Published: November 2024

Modeling can allow us to realize the functionality of a living organ and analyze the influ-ence of various factors on it. In particular, modeling the movement of fecal masses through the intestine allows us to investigate the relationship between motility and the processing of intestinal contents, the time of its progress, and the role played by peristaltic waves. The in-testine is a complicated system of complex geometric shape, wave movements of several configurations, and multi-level processing of internal contents. At the same time, a medical examination of the individual features of its structure and function is quite time-consuming. Building a personalized model that takes into account all these factors is a non-trivial task. However, such a model (if it can be developed) will minimize the use of invasive assessments of a patient's condition. It can also be used as the basis for planning therapeutic measures for a particular patient. This article presents an overview of current mathematical models devel-oped in the past couple of decades for simulating the movement of fecal masses through the large intestine.
Association of inherited thrombophilia with miscarriages and stillbirth: study of Georgian population
Authors:   Forensic Biology (DNA) Department, Kartvelishvili Ketevan ,   National Forensics,   Tbilisi State Medical University, Pirtskhelani Nino , Kochiashvilli Nino ,   Alte University, Mukhuradze Tea , Pargalava Nugzar , Bokuchava Mamuka , Makhaldiani Levan ,   Bokhua Memorial Cardiovascular Center,   Caucasus Medical Centre,   Eristavi National Center of Experimental and Clinical Surgery
Published: November 2024

Inherited thrombophilia increases the risk of not only VTE during pregnancy but al-so placenta-mediated pregnancy complications, including miscarriages and stillbirth. Association between thrombophilias and placental-mediated pregnancy complications has been controversial in different retrospective case-control and prospective cohort studies. It is evident that placental vascular thrombosis, resulting in abnormal placenta-tion, is at least partly responsible for these pregnancy complications. Our retrospective case control study involved patients with pregnancy complications (miscarriages, still-birth) as well as healthy controls. Prevalence of factor V Leiden mutation was statistically significantly increased in women with miscarriages (420 patients; 4.8 %; p = 0.026) or stillbirth (120 patients; 9.8 %; p = 0.001). Prevalence of MTHFR C677T homozygote mutation was statistically significantly increased in women with miscarriages (420 pa-tients; 7.6 %; p = 0.015) and was weak in patients with stillbirth (120 patients; 4.9 %; p = 0.102). Prevalence of MTHFR mutation in patients with only two miscarriages (205 pa-tients) was significant (7.8 %; p = 0.015). We found weak to no relationship between Pro-thrombin G20210A mutation and miscarriages (420 patients; 3.8 %; p = 0.156) or stillbirth (120 patients; 2 %; p = 0.572). Based on our data, women with FVL and MTHFR mutation are at increased risk of developing miscarriages or/and stillbirth. Prothrombin gene muta-tion has weak to no relationship with studied pregnancy complications.
CIBERADICCIÓN Y CIBERACOSO EN CONTEXTOS EDUCATIVOS
Authors: Martínez-Otero Pérez Valentin
Published: November 2024

No se conocen en detalle cuáles son los efectos de las Tecnologías de la Información y Comunicación (TICs) en las personas y en el proceso educativo. Las TICs brindan posibilidades hasta hace poco desconocidas, pero su uso inadecuado o abusivo también las convierte en instrumentos perjudiciales. En ámbitos escolares, por ejemplo, el mal uso de la tecnología puede acrecentar el eficientismo, el pragmatismo y la pérdida de sentido de la realidad educativa. Tampoco podemos olvidarnos de graves riesgos derivados de un uso problemático de la tecnología, como el aislamiento, el tecnoabuso, la ciberadicción, el ciberacoso, el consumo pornográfico, etc.
En las páginas que siguen nos centramos en la comprensión pedagógica de ciertos problemas relacionados con la tecnología y la educación, concretamente en el ciberacoso y la ciberadicción,  con objeto de avanzar en la utilización saludable de estas herramientas.
FUNDAMENTOS PARA ALCANZAR UN ENVEJECIMIENTO SALUDABLE Y ACTIVO EM UN MUNDO DIGITALIZADO
Authors: Mendizabal María Rosario Limón , Blanco María Enriqueta Chalfoun
Published: November 2024

El estudio aborda el tema del bienestar de las personas mayores en la etapa de post pandemia de la COVID 19. Cierto es, que la tecnología - la digitalización - ha permitido resolver muchos de los problemas acontecidos durante la pasada crisis; sin embargo, la digitalización puede ser causa de exclusión si no se tienen en cuenta las condiciones de cada grupo de edad. Ello plantea que hay que insistir en la aplicación de estrategias y medidas a aplicar para integrar a las personas mayores en entornos digitales. Mediante el análisis de las investigaciones llevadas a cabo en el territorio de la Unión Europea, durante el periodo 2020-2021, podemos conocer el estado de la cuestión en la etapa post crisis. Los resultados evidencian que existe un incremento de la actividad digital en las personas mayores. Sin embargo, es prioritario ofertar un aprendizaje permanente que les permita alcanzar un envejecimiento saludable y activo en un mundo digitalizado.
EDUCAÇÃO E TRABALHO NAS IDEIAS PEDAGÓGICAS DE ROUSSEAU, PESTALOZZI E MONTESSORI
Authors: Medeiros Neta Olivia Morais
Published: November 2024

Esta pesquisa tem como analisar a relação entre educação e trabalho nas ideias pedagógicas de Rousseau, Pestalozzi e Montessori. Metodologicamente, a pesquisa centra-se em análise hermenêutica de escritos de Rousseau, Pestalozzi e Montessori e de comentadores e pesquisadores do pensamento educacional destes. Esses três pensadores moldaram coletivamente as práticas educacionais modernas, destacando a importância da natureza, da aprendizagem experiencial e das abordagens centradas na criança com vias à promoção do desenvolvimento e da formação integral, onde a escola já não se limitaria às dimensões intelectuais, mas se ocuparia da totalidade dos aspectos do ser humano e o trabalho assumiria a função da atividade à esta formação.
EL VALOR DE LAS NEUROCIENCIAS EN LA FORMACIÓN DEL PROFESORADO Y LAS TIC´S
Authors: Sabino Carmen Dionicia
Published: November 2024

El valor de las neurociencias en la formación del profesorado y las Tic´s es una aproximación al alcance de las neurociencias en la actualización docente. El desafío plantea un nuevo paradigma formativo. El objetivo pretende comprender los procesos cerebrales en la mejora profesional. La literatura señala la importancia de la plasticidad cerebral en contextos complejos; del uso de tic´s y de la figura de un neuroeducador. Se adopta metodología crítica-documental, de análisis-síntesis e inductivo-deductivo para extraer información desde un enfoque fenomenológico. Los resultados evidencian el surgimiento de un paradigma neurotecnoeducativo basado en el conocimiento de la estructura y funcionamiento cerebral. Se concluye que, el alcance de las neurociencias en la formación del profesorado se sustenta en la comprensión de los procesos de atención, memoria y aprendizaje mediante la adquisición de destrezas y herramientas para la aplicación de las nuevas tecnologías en el nuevo modelo educativo global.