bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Quando o sujeito se torna pessoa: uma articulação possível entre Poesia e ensino de Física
Authors: Lima Maria Conceição Barbosa , Barros Henrique Lins de , Terrazan Eduardo Adolfo
Published: January 2010

Neste artigo apresentamos uma leitura do texto "Mensagem", de Fernando Pessoa, cuja interpretação usamos como apoio para discutir alguns tópicos que ocupam largamente a lista de preocupações e de estudos dos pesquisadores da área de Ensino de Física. Em nossa leitura, cada condição apresentada pelo poeta - a simpatia, a intuição, a inteligência, a compreensão, a graça - para que o intérprete seja capaz de entender os símbolos e seus rituais de forma viva, foi relacionada com um tema específico vinculado às nossas preocupações com o que ocorre em uma aula de Física.
Pesquisas sobre a febre amarela (1881-1903): uma reflexão visando contribuir para o ensino de ciências
Authors: Bastos Fernando , Krasilchik Myriam
Published: January 2010

O presente artigo focaliza episódios históricos relacionados à pesquisa médica acerca da febre amarela (1881-1903), buscando discutir (a) a influência que os fatores econômicos, sociais e políticos exercem sobre a pesquisa científica; (b) o caráter coletivo, controvertido e não-linear do processo de produção de conhecimentos na ciência; (c) a natureza arbitrária dos conhecimentos científicos, no sentido de que representam "formas de ver", e não são perenes ou elaborados apenas sobre bases racionais; (d) o papel pouco cabal desempenhado pelas demonstrações experimentais, que não se mostram "irrefutáveis"; e (e) o papel desempenhado pelos paradigmas, que conduzem não apenas a caminhos frutíferos, mas também a becos sem saída. O intuito é proporcionar subsídios que sejam úteis tanto aos pesquisadores como aos professores que atuam na área do Ensino de Ciências.
Troca entre universidade e escola na formação docente: uma experiência de formação inicial e continuada
Authors: Barcelos Nora Ney Santos , Villani Alberto
Published: January 2010

Apresentamos neste trabalho uma experiência de formação continuada com professores do ensino fundamental de uma escola pública estadual, que envolveu também licenciandos de um curso de Ciências Biológicas. O ponto fundamental foi o início de colaboração entre Universidade e Escola que a pesquisadora, responsável tanto pela formação inicial quanto continuada, conseguiu realizar. Isso permitiu o desenvolvimento de uma mudança curricular por parte dos professores da escola, assim como uma reflexão mais aprofundada dos estagiários sobre a realidade escolar e a prática docente. A análise e interpretação será conduzida a partir de um referencial psicanalítico, privilegiando as modificações no saber e na satisfação dos sujeitos envolvidos.
Construção e reconstrução de um sistema hipermídia sobre anticorpos monoclonais com base na estrutura cognitiva do especialista de conteúdo
Authors: Struchiner Miriam , Ricciardi Regina Maria Vieira , Gianella Taís Rabetti
Published: January 2010

Relata-se o desenvolvimento do sistema hipermídia Anticorpos Monoclonais, com desenho baseado no conhecimento estrutural de um especialista de conteúdo. A primeira versão do sistema, construída com "organizadores gráficos" para apoiar os alunos na visualização e compreensão do conteúdo, foi avaliada por 42 estudantes de Biologia. Os resultados foram positivos, porém 11 alunos mencionaram dificuldades em localizar conceitos importantes. Em conseqüência, tanto a estrutura como a interface foram modificadas em uma segunda versão, utilizando-se um mapa conceitual (Novak e Gowin, 1984) para a apresentação da interface gráfica. Esta versão foi avaliada por outro grupo de 24 alunos nas mesmas condições que a primeira turma, obtendo-se resultados positivos em relação à organização e orientação dos alunos no uso sistema. Os resultados sugerem que os mapas conceituais contribuem positivamente para a representação do conhecimento de um especialista e também para auxiliar a busca e consulta de informações em sistemas hipermídia.
Oficinas pedagógicas de ciências: os movimentos pedagógicos predominantes na formação continuada de professores
Authors: Souza Lucia Helena Pralon de , Gouvêa Guaracira
Published: January 2010

Nas últimas décadas os professores têm convivido com o discurso constante da necessidade de atualização permanente. Muitos estudos e pesquisas acadêmicas confirmam essa real necessidade. Nos grandes centros urbanos brasileiros não faltam oportunidades para cursos, mini-cursos e oficinas oferecidos pelos inúmeros espaços que atuam na formação continuada de professores. Neste trabalho apresenta-se parte de estudo sobre as Oficinas Pedagógicas de Ciências oferecidas para a formação continuada de professores no Rio de Janeiro nos últimos dez anos, recurso que tem desempenhado significativo papel na progressão profissional dos professores. Utilizando referenciais teóricos da Filosofia, da linguagem e da formação do professor de Ciências foram analisados títulos e ementas de 175 oficinas, textos que representam categoria particular de diálogo entre as instituições (pesquisa), os professores (escola) e a sociedade. O objetivo foi identificar as vozes que se fazem presentes e revelam os movimentos pedagógicos mais influentes no período em questão.
Um ambiente multimídia e a resolução de problemas de física
Authors: Souza Carlos Alberto , De Bastos Fábio da Purificação
Published: January 2010

Atuou-se segundo os momentos metodológicos da investigação-ação escolar, desenvolvendo planejamentos, envolvendo os professores e os alunos no uso dos meios tecnológico-comunicativos nas atividades de sala de aula e especificando-se as ações escolares de Ciências da Natureza, Matemática e suas tecnologias. A comunicação, auto-reflexão e reflexão dos envolvidos no processo escolar foram incrementadas, compartilhando planejamentos e buscando consolidar o diálogo na sala de aula, problematizando situações, conceitos e a Resolução de Problemas, tendo como mediador o conhecimento científico-tecnológico, previamente tematizado e organizado.
Chitosan reduces infection by Guignardia citricarpa in postharvest 'Valencia' oranges
Authors: Rappussi Maria Cristina Canale , Pascholati Sérgio Florentino , Benato Eliane Aparecida , Cia Patrícia
Published: January 2010

Citrus fruits are affected by the black spot disease caused by Guignardia citricarpa. Resistance induction is an alternative control measure and chitosan exhibits potential as resistance inducer. The effect of chitosan on G. citricarpa was evaluated in vitro and in 'Valencia' oranges. Citrus fruit were immersed into different chitosan concentrations. Chitosan (2%), combined with or without thiabendazole and the citric acid was also investigated. All the chitosan concentrations inhibited G. citricarpa mycelial growth and affected morphologically the conidial germination and appressorium formation. Chitosan inhibited the development of new lesions in oranges at room condition or under refrigeration. Thiabendazole and citric acid did not reduce the formation of lesions. Biochemical analysis revealed that chitinase, β-1,3-glucanase, peroxidase and polyphenoloxidase activities were increased in chitosan-treated fruits. Thus, the effect of chitosan on the reduction of black spots in 'Valencia' oranges could be due to the germicidal effect on the pathogen and/or resistance induction in the fruit.
Recepção e leitura no horizonte da literatura
Authors: Zilberman Regina
Published: January 2010

Desde a Poética, de Aristóteles, a recepção das obras literárias constitui matéria de investigação teórica, sociológica e histórica, cujas vertentes mais significativas são examinadas neste estudo.
A crítica genética hoje
Authors: Willemart Philippe
Published: January 2010

O artigo desenha o quadro do estado atual da crítica genética no Brasil. Resume livros e revistas recentes, anais de congressos ou colóquios publicados por membros da Associação dos Pesquisadores em Crítica Genética (APCG), ex-APML (Associação dos Pesquisadores do Manuscrito Literário), mostrando as tendências que dominam a pesquisa no universo sem fim da criação humana. Destaca também o objeto da crítica genética que não é necessariamente o que antecede a obra, mas os processos de criação e, enfim, ressalta o lugar essencial da crítica genética na era do computador, já que o disco rígido mantém todas as mudanças provocadas pelas rasuras ou substituições se tiver o software adequado.
Spatial and temporal patterns of ciliate species composition (Protozoa: Ciliophora) in the plankton of the Upper Paraná River floodplain
Authors: Pauleto GM. , Velho LFM. , Buosi PRB. , Brão AFS. , Lansac-Tôha FA. , Bonecker CC.
Published: January 2010

Spatial and temporal patterns of plankton ciliates species composition in the Paraná River floodplain were investigated. Samplings were carried out in twelve environments in two distinct hydrological periods (limnophase and potamophase). A total of 61 species of ciliates were recorded, and among them 21 are classified as pelagic while 40 are considered preferentially as littoral species. The registered species belong to eleven orders, and among them, Prostomatida was the most specious followed by Hymenostomatida and Peritrichida. The ciliate species composition was significantly distinct between periods, but not among environments. In this way, typically pelagic species characterized the ciliate community during the limnophase period, while the littoral species were predominant during the potamophase period. Our results strongly support the idea of the flood pulse as the main factor driving the composition pattern of the planktonic ciliates community in the Paraná River floodplain.
El zooplancton de un lago somero hipereutrófico de la región central de Argentina: cambios después de una década
Authors: Echaniz Santiago Andrés , Vignatti Alicia María , Bunino Pablo César
Published: January 2010

La ecología de los cuerpos de agua está influenciada por los aportes de nutrientes desde la cuenca. Los ambientes lénticos de escasa profundidad generalmente presentan elevados niveles de eutrofia, lo que permite alojar una fauna zooplanctónica altamente productiva. Según el modelo de los estados alternativos de los lagos someros, el zooplancton de estos ambientes se caracteriza por una composición taxonómica, un espectro de tallas y por consiguiente una biomasa que dependen de la fauna íctica presente. A pesar de que en Argentina estos ambientes son abundantes y de su importancia dada por su productividad, diversidad e interés recreativo y turístico, sólo recientemente han comenzado a estudiarse considerando estas relaciones. Esta contribución tiene por objetivo dar información colectada durante 2006, mediante muestreos mensuales de agua y zooplancton, sobre los factores de importancia limnológica, su variación e influencia sobre la transparencia del agua y la abundancia y biomasa zooplanctónica de un lago somero urbano hipereutrófico de la provincia de La Pampa y comparar la situación registrada con un estudio similar realizado entre 1995 y 1996. La laguna se caracteriza por sus bajas salinidad y transparencia y por el descenso de estos parámetros entre los dos períodos estudiados. La concentración de nutrientes es mayor que la verificada en lagunas similares de la provincia de Buenos Aires. Si bien durante los dos períodos el número de especies fue el mismo, se verificaron cambios en la composición taxonómica, registrándose en 2006 menor número de cladóceros y mayor de rotíferos y la ausencia de especies de Daphnia, lo que puede contribuir al descenso de la transparencia verificada en este período. Las especies halladas fueron de talla pequeña, típico del zooplancton sometido a predación por peces. Entre ambos períodos se verificó un descenso en la abundancia de la comunidad zooplanctónica, sobre todo en cladóceros y rotíferos.
O uso de praias arenosas com diferentes concentrações humanas por espécies de aves limícolas (Charadriidae e Scolopacidae) neárticas no sudeste do Brasil
Authors: Cestari César
Published: January 2010

As aves migratórias podem reconhecer humanos e animais domésticos como possíveis predadores, alterando seus padrões de abundância e comportamento de formação de bandos. O objetivo do presente estudo foi comparar a abundância de aves migratórias neárticas, a freqüência de bandos e o número médio de aves por bando em áreas com alta e baixa concentração humana em uma região costeira de praia arenosa no sudeste do Brasil. As aves, pessoas e cães foram contados mensalmente entre novembro de 2006 a abril de 2007. Foram registradas seis espécies de aves (Arenaria interpres, Calidris alba, Calidris canutus, Calidris pusilla, Charadrius semipalmatus, Pluvialis dominica) nas duas áreas, no entanto somente C. canutus foi registrado exclusivamente na área com baixa concentração humana. Houve diferença significativa no número médio de pessoas e cães entre as áreas, mas não no número médio de aves. Não houve correlação entre o número de humanos e aves, e entre cães e aves. Adicionalmente, não houve diferença significativa na freqüência de bandos e número de indivíduos por bando entre as áreas. Os resultados deste estudo destacaram a sensibilidade de C. canutus na área com alta concentração humana e a necessidade de futuras investigações que determinem os limites máximos de concentração de pessoas e cães domésticos que as aves migratórias neárticas podem tolerar para a tomada de ações de proteção em áreas costeiras com ocupação humana.
Composição e distribuição vertical de pteridófitas epifíticas sobre Dicksonia sellowiana Hook. (Dicksoniaceae), em floresta ombrófila mista no sul do Brasil
Authors: Fraga Luciane Lubisco , Silva Luciano Basso da , Schmitt Jairo Lizandro
Published: January 2010

A extração ilegal de Dicksonia sellowiana Hook., uma espécie de samambaia arborescente, da Floresta Ombrófila Mista, no sul do Brasil, modifica a estrutura da vegetação e reduz a disponibilidade de microhabitats para espécies epifíticas. A composição e a distribuição vertical de pteridófitas epifíticas foram estudadas sobre D. sellowiana. O estudo foi desenvolvido em área de Floresta Ombrófila Mista, do Parque Municipal da Ronda, no Estado do Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil. Foram selecionados 164 forófitos e seus cáudices foram divididos em intervalos de 1 m, a partir do solo. Em cada intervalo, foi registrada a ocorrência de espécies de pteridófitas e foi calculada a freqüência por forófitos e por intervalos. Foram registradas 20 espécies, pertencentes a 13 gêneros e sete famílias, sendo que houve o predomínio de holoepífitos habituais. A maior riqueza específica foi encontrada em Aspleniaceae (6) e no gênero Asplenium L. (6). As espécies com maior freqüência relativa nos forófitos foram Trichomanes angustatum Carmich., Blechnum binervatum (Poir.) C.V. Morton & Lellinger e Vittaria lineata (L.) Sm.. Considerando uma sub-amostra de 60 forófitos, T. angustatum e B. binervatum apresentaram freqüência decrescente de ocorrência a partir do solo até 4 m de altura. A riqueza média foi maior nos três primeiros intervalos. A riqueza encontrada sobre os cáudices de D. sellowiana representa 67% do total de pteridófitas epifíticas encontradas na área de Floresta Ombrófila Mista, no Parque Municipal da Ronda e demonstra a importância dessa planta hospedeira para a manutenção de espécies epifíticas, no ambiente florestal.
Frogs of Marambaia: a naturally isolated Restinga and Atlantic Forest remnant of southeastern Brazil
Authors: Silva Hélio Ricardo da , Carvalho André Luiz Gomes de , Bittencourt-Silva Gabriela Bueno
Published: January 2010

We report the results of a seven-year survey of the anurans of Marambaia, in the State of Rio de Janeiro, southeastern Brazil, where 24 species were recorded. The species represented nine families: Hylidae (10 species), Bufonidae (3), Leptodactylidae (3), Hylodidae (2), Microhylidae (2), Craugastoridae (1), Centrolenidae (1), Cycloramphidae (1), and Leiuperidae (1). We also present notes on the natural history and habitat usage by the anurans.
Movements of the bottlenose Dolphin (Tursiops truncatus) in the Rio de Janeiro State, Southeastern Brazil
Authors: Lodi Liliane , Wedekin Leonardo Liberali , Rossi-Santos Marcos Roberto , Marcondes Milton César
Published: January 2010

Aiming to verify the movements of the bottlenose dolphin (Tursiops truncatus) at Rio de Janeiro State coast, southeastern Brazil, we performed a photoidentification comparison between the catalogued individuals of the Cagarras Archipelago (23° 02' S and 43° 12' W) in 2004 and 2006 (n = 26) and the images obtained (n = 179) during the Southeastern Cetaceans Expedition, conducted during months of June and November of 2005. Eight individuals (three females and five dolphins of unknown gender) identified in the Cagarras Archipelago were resighted in the Grande Island (23° 21'S and 44° 15' W), about 100 km southwestwards from Cagarras Archipelago. The observed movements include distances commonly recorded for the species elsewhere and are probably related to search for prey.
História da psicologia social no Rio de Janeiro: dois importantes personagens
Authors: Lima Renato Sampaio
Published: January 2010

A psicologia social de meados da década de 1960 e início da década de 1970 conheceu, segundo alguns autores, o que se denominou "crise". Nas décadas seguintes, as discordâncias teóricas e metodológicas presentes neste campo evidenciaram não apenas posições antagônicas em relação a temas importantes no campo da psicologia social, como também deram visibilidade a alguns autores que representavam estas rivalidades. No Brasil e, mais especificamente no Rio de Janeiro, dois personagens importantes tiveram seus nomes e suas obras relacionados a estes antagonismos: Schneider e Rodrigues. Nosso objetivo será apresentar um relato da história destes importantes personagens da psicologia social no Rio de Janeiro.
Pilot-project of implantation of pharmaceutical care close to the program of bipolar mood disorder of the Hospital of Clinics of Porto Alegre
Authors: Ceresér Keila Maria Mendes , Mascarenhas Marcello Ávila , Santin Aida , Kapczinski Flávio
Published: January 2010

The Bipolar Mood Disorder is characterized by the alternation of depressive crises with episodes of mania or euphoria, having these patients 15 to 35 times more chances of suicide, as compared with people without this disorder. The pharmacotherapy is fundamental for this disease, aiming to decrease the frequency of episodes and disease severity. In these patients, the polypharmacy has recently increased and one of the main difficulties is the adherence to treatment. The objective of this study was to contribute for the improvement of bipolar patients health conditions, developing their respective pharmacotherapeutic follow-up. Twenty eight adult bipolar patients who were participants of a specialized clinic within a tertiary hospital in Porto Alegre have been randomly selected, and the Dader Method of pharmacotherapeutic follow-up has been applied. The more common clinical comorbidities were: hypertension (50%), obesity (46.43%), and hypothyroidism (36.29%). The bipolar patients are more susceptible to clinical comorbidities, and many of them could be due to pharmacotherapy. Only 1.43% of patients presented Drug Related Problems, being all of them resolved along the study. It was also observed that 32.14% of evaluated patients presented low adherence to treatment, and between these patients, 55.56% passed to have good adherence after pharmacotherapeutic follow-up. The pharmacotherapeutic follow-up is fundamental for the improvement of patient's health. New studies, with higher number of patients and longer duration, are necessary to evaluate the percentage of patients that could be beneficiary of Pharmaceutical Care.
Noncompliance with drug therapy of glaucoma: a review about intervening factors
Authors: Castro Aldemar Nemésio Brandão Vilela de , Mesquita Wander Araújo
Published: January 2010

Glaucoma is defined as an optic neuropathy, characterized for loss of visual field and injury of the optic nerve, being considered as the second cause of blindness in the world, which could be prevented by the use of antiglaucoma eyedrops. The lack of adhesion of the patient to the drug treatment can culminate with loss of the vision. The objective was to revise possible literature data regarding intervening factors for noncompliance and explain estimated rates of noncompliance. A systematic review about the subject was carried out in the period of January to June of 2006. Articles had been searched in two data bases, in the National Library of Medicine (PUBMED) and in the Literature Latin American and Caribbean Health Sciences (LILACS) using the following keywords: glaucoma, compliance of the patient, noncompliance of the patient, treatment and eyedrops. In PUBMED, 199 articles were collected, written in English and French languages. No article was found in LILACS. Considering the inclusion and exclusion criteria, 27 articles were selected, with 25 originals and two reviews. Twelve possible intervening factors for noncompliance were raised, as well as estimates for rates of noncompliance. The noncompliance rates varied from 4.6% up to 59%. Two factors, forgetfulness and inadequate between-doses interval, had been associated to noncompliance of the drug therapy. The factors race, adverse effects, treatment cost, number of instilled doses, coexisting illnesses and number of eyedrops used, had resulted contradictory, being impossible to affirm that they have contributed for noncompliance. Age, sex, educational level and loss of visual field, had not been associated with noncompliance. The glaucoma patients tended to disregard the drug treatment. The wide variation in noncompliance rates could be an influence from the authors' difficulty to define the noncompliance and the variety of methodologies used to estimate it. More studies are necessary for a better evaluation of these 12 raised factors.
Relationship between Water‐Soluble Carbohydrates in Fall and Spring and Vigor of Spring Regrowth in Orchardgrass
Authors: Sanada Y. , Tamura K. , Yamada T.
Published: January 2010

To clarify relationships among factors associated with winter stress in orchardgrass (Dactylis glomerata L.), water‐soluble carbohydrate (WSC) concentration, resistance to snow mold, and tolerance to prolonged snow cover were evaluated under both conditions of natural infection and chemical control of snow mold. A total of 18 cultivars from Japan, Europe, and the United States were transplanted into the field at Hokkaido in October 2003 and 2004. Crown samples were collected before the start of snow cover in fall and after melting of the snow in spring and were analyzed for WSC concentration. The total WSC concentration of cultivars originating in cold regions was higher in spring than that of cultivars originating in warm regions. The WSC concentration in fall was not correlated with tolerance to prolonged snow cover and resistance to snow mold. Otherwise, WSC concentration in spring was significantly correlated with spring regrowth and resistance to snow mold. Although dry wt. in the fall was negatively correlated with spring regrowth and snow mold resistance, it was not correlated with tolerance to prolonged snow cover. WSC concentration of crown tissues in spring should be an important selection criterion for a superior winter‐hardy cultivar with rapid regrowth in spring. Cultivars that show both more fall growth and better tolerance to prolonged snow cover could be used in crosses with winter‐hardy cultivars to increase forage yield in the fall.
Spatial Mapping of Complex Turfgrass Sites: Site‐Specific Management Units and Protocols
Authors: Krum J. M. , Carrow R. N. , Karnok K.
Published: January 2010

Site‐specific management units (SSMUs), similar in soil, plant, and irrigation requirements, are foundational to efficient management in precision agriculture. This concept is applied to management of complex turfgrass sites to improve irrigation practices. An experimental mobile unit mapped two golf fairways' turfgrass (Paspalum vaginatum SW.; ‘Salam’) in Naples, FL in summer 2006 on a 2.5 m grid for volumetric water content (VWC) by time‐domain reflectrometry at field capacity and normalized difference vegetative index (NDVI). Objectives were to determine suitability of the GPS‐enabled mapping device and to develop protocols for defining and characterizing SSMUs by geographic information system (GIS) methods. Semivariogram analysis revealed that the mapping grid of 2.5 m was within the lowest observed range of 11.7 m for geospatial dependence for either VWC or NDVI. SSMU delineation was based on stable landscape traits of VWC at field capacity and topographic factors; with NDVI data as secondary. Descriptive and geostatistical means to best characterize SSMUs are presented. Use of field capacity VWC based distribution uniformity (DU) parameters is discussed for efficient irrigation scheduling applications within SSMUs.
Genotypic Variation in Epidermal Conductance and its Associated Traits among Oryza sativa and O. glaberrima Cultivars and their Interspecific Progenies
Authors: Saito Kazuki , Futakuchi Koichi
Published: January 2010

Epidermal conductance (gmin) is a measurement of water loss through the cuticle and stomata when stomatal conductance is minimal. Two pot experiments were conducted to evaluate genotypic variation in gmin for 10 to 12 rice cultivars (Oryza spp.) grown under flooded conditions. Epidermal conductance was estimated by measuring loss of water from the excised topmost fully‐expanded leaves. Considerable genotypic variation in gmin was found. Two O. glaberrima cultivars had lower gmin, whereas the O. sativa lowland cultivars tended to have higher gmin Excluding data for O. glaberrima, higher gmin was associated with higher stomatal density × stomatal length, suggesting that residual stomatal transpiration contributes to genotypic variation in gmin.
Land Management Effects on Near‐Surface Soil Properties of Southeastern U.S. Coastal Plain Kandiudults
Authors: Levi M.R. , Shaw J.N. , Wood C.W. , Hermann S.M. , Carter E.A. , Feng Y.
Published: January 2010

The National Cooperative Soil Survey is evaluating techniques for better characterization of near‐surface, management‐dependent soil properties associated with soil change (decade to century time scale). The U.S. Soil Taxonomy and soil surveys have been developed with emphasis on subsoil properties to reduce the impacts of management on taxonomic placement. Considering the importance of near‐surface properties on ecosystem function, however, some degree of characterization of these properties is essential. The objectives of this study were to evaluate land use effects on management‐dependent soil properties, C stocks, and soil quality of mature longleaf pine (Pinus palustris Miller) systems relative to more intensively cultivated land use systems in the southeastern U.S. Coastal Plain. Sites in Thomas County, Georgia, representing well‐drained, upland Kandiudults, were selected in each of three land use systems for comparison of near‐surface soil properties. Studied land use systems were mature, multi‐aged longleaf pine forest (LL), slash pine (Pinus elliottii Engelm.) plantation (PP), and conventional row crop (RC) systems. Concentrations of microbial biomass C (0–5 cm) in LL were 69% greater than RC, and LL sequestered 64% more total organic C than RC systems. Inputs of fertilizer were evident in RC (0–30 cm) based on greater exchangeable K (433% greater in LL), base saturation, and extractable P (1700% greater in LL). The soil infiltration rate was 1015% greater in LL than in PP. Principal component analyses indicated that 80% of data variability was explained by exchangeable bases, C pools, and hydraulic soil properties. Clustering suggested that near‐surface soil properties were more similar by land use than by taxonomic‐based soil map units. Land use changed many of the investigated surface soil properties (0–30 cm) at these Coastal Plain sites, resulting in functional and interpretive differences of these soils within similar taxa.
Factors Affecting Carbon Dioxide Release from Forest and Rangeland Soils in Northern Utah
Authors: Olsen Hayley R. , Van Miegroet Helga
Published: January 2010

Laboratory and field CO2 efflux measurements were used to investigate the influence of soil organic C (SOC) decomposability and soil microclimate on summer SOC dynamics in seasonally dry montane forest and rangeland soils at the T.W. Daniel Experimental Forest in northern Utah. Soil respiration, soil temperature, and soil moisture content (SMC) were measured between July and October 2004 and 2005 in 12 control and 12 irrigated plots laid out in a randomized block design in adjacent forest (aspen or conifer) and rangeland (sagebrush [Artemisia tridentata Nutt.] or grass–forb) sites. Irrigated plots received a single water addition of 2.5 cm in July 2004 and two additions in July 2005. The SOC decomposability in mineral soil samples (0–10, 10–20, and 20–30 cm) was derived from 10‐mo lab incubations. The amount of SOC accumulated in the A horizon (16 Mg ha−1) and the top 1 m (74 Mg ha−1) of the mineral soil did not differ significantly among vegetation type, but upper forest soils tended to contain more decomposable SOC than rangeland soils. The CO2 efflux measured in the field varied significantly with vegetation cover (aspen > conifer = sagebrush > grass–forb), ranging from 12 kg CO2–C ha−1 d−1 in aspen to 5 kg CO2–C ha−1 d−1 in the grass–forb sites. It increased (∼35%) immediately following water additions, with treatment effects dissipating within 1 wk. Soil temperature and SMC, which were negatively correlated (r = −0.53), together explained ∼60% of the variability in summer soil respiration. Our study suggests that vegetation cover influences summer CO2 efflux rates through its effect on SOC quality and the soil microclimate.
Weathering and Porosity Formation in Subsoil Granitic Clasts, Bishop Creek Moraines, California
Authors: Rossi Ann M. , Graham Robert C.
Published: January 2010

Porous weathered rock can play an important role in storing water and nutrients that are accessible to plants and microbes, especially in thin or skeletal soils. The objectives of this study were to measure the rate of porosity development in granitic rock fragments and determine how pore morphology changes with time. Total porosity and pore characteristics were measured on granodiorite clasts in soils of the Bishop Creek moraines, eastern Sierra Nevada, California. The soils formed a chronosequence; soil surface age represented the weathering time for the clasts. Clast porosity was estimated to form at a rate of 0.10% per thousand years. Pores were dominantly inter‐ and intramineral planar voids formed by stress fracturing induced through biotite expansion. Granodiorite clasts in the older moraines had greater total porosity, microporosity, and connectivity of pores, increasing potential for water movement and storage and ease of root and mycorrhizal penetration. Roots and clay films observed in pores inside the weathered clasts indicate water storage and movement from the soil into clasts. The most weathered clasts have significant porosity that contributes to the ecosystem functions of the regolith.
Wind Erodibility of Organic Soils
Authors: Kohake D. J. , Hagen L. J. , Skidmore E. L.
Published: January 2010

Intensively cropped organic soils are often subject to severe wind erosion. The objective of this study was to measure their physical wind erodibility properties. Four organic soils were collected from Florida, North Carolina, and Michigan. The organic matter content, aggregate density, dry‐aggregate stability, aggregate size distribution, and soil water characteristics were measured. Trays (122 by 20 by 6 cm) were filled with field‐sampled soils and sieved soils with 80% of aggregates <0.84 mm. Trays of both crusted and uncrusted soil were place in a laboratory wind tunnel and exposed to wind of various speeds. Aggregate densities ranged from 0.93 to 1.13 Mg m−3, which is less than typical mineral soils. Dry‐aggregate stability was relatively high [2.9–4.7 ln(J kg−1)]. Threshold friction velocity varied from 0.40 to 0.83 m s−1 for the field condition and from 0.27 to 0.31 m s−1 for the soil with 80% of the aggregates <0.84 mm. The aggregate abrasion coefficients ranged from 0.0006 to 0.0136 m−1, meaning the aggregates should be moderately resistant to abrasion losses. The crust abrasion coefficients varied from 0.039 to 0.123 m−1 Hence, a crusted soil surface should abrade more easily than a well‐aggregated soil. The loose erodible material on the crusts ranged from 0.010 to 0.068 kg m−2 and varied directly with sand content and inversely with organic matter. The threshold friction velocities of organic soils were slightly higher than would be predicted for comparable mineral soils. From the results of this study, it is expected that for a given wind speed, a nearly equal mass of soil would be eroded from organic soils as from comparable mineral soil.
Experimental Measurement and Modeling of Diffusion Anomalies in a CMS Membrane
Authors: Chen Jiahui , Loo Leslie , Wang Kean
Published: January 2010

The sorption isotherm, permeation time lag, and steady state permeability of a noble gas, argon, were measured on a CMS membrane at different temperatures and a range of permeation pressures. It is found that Ar permeation present strong diffusion anomalies (The deviation to the traditional Darken relation). The degree of the anomalies was found approximately same for the transient permeation time lag and the steady state permeability. Comparison studies with other permeation gases further reveals that the permeation behaviors are related to their molecular properties.
Competition between local disordering and global ordering fields in nematic liquid crystals
Authors: Cvetko Matej , Ambrožič Milan , Kralj Samo
Published: January 2010

We study the influence of external electric or magnetic field B on orientational ordering of nematic liquid crystals or of other rod-like objects (e.g. nanotubes immersed in a liquid) in the presence of random anisotropy field type of disorder. The Lebwohl–Lasher lattice type of semi-microscopic approach is used at zero temperature. Therefore, results are valid well below the transition into the isotropic phase. We calculate the correlation function of systems as a function of B, concentration p of impurities imposing random anisotropy field disorder, the disorder strength W and system dimensionality (2D and 3D systems). In order to probe memory effects we calculate correlation length ξ for random and homogeneous initial configurations. We determine the crossover fields Bc(p) separating roughly the ordered and disordered regime. Memory effects are apparent only in the latter case, i.e. for B < Bc.

PACS numbers: 47.51.+a, 47.54.-r, 07.05.Tp, 61.30.-v
Two-Stage Shoulder Reconstruction for Active Glenohumeral Sepsis
Authors: Hattrup Steven J. , Renfree Kevin J.
Published: January 2010

In some circumstances, two-stage reconstruction is recommended for the treatment of glenohumeral sepsis. This study retrospectively reviewed the results in 25 patients after this treatment. Pain was the only consistent preoperative symptom, found in 95% of patients. The most common infecting organisms were coagulase-negative
Staphylococcus
in 8 cases,
Proprionibacterium
acnes in 7, and methicillin-sensitive
Staphylococcus aureus
in 3.

Outcomes were reviewed in 21 patients with 2-year minimum follow-up, at an average 4.1 years. Infection was eradicated in 18 of 21 shoulders. Success was related to the specific infecting organism, as all failures were among shoulders infected with
Proprionibacterium
(
P
=.0198). Pain was typically relieved, with a mean visual analog pain score of 1.67 at follow-up. Motion was similarly improved, with flexion increased to 100.9° (
P
<.001), abduction to 93.6° (
P
<.001), and external rotation 32.6° (
P
=.0012). Two-stage shoulder reconstruction for infection is typically effective for curing the infection and improving pain and motion; however, function tends to remain limited.
Solitary Osteochondroma of the Proximal Femur and Femoral Acetabular Impingement
Authors: Hussain Waqas , Raffi Avedian , Terry Michael , Peabody Terrance
Published: January 2010

Although osteochondromas can be present within the context of multiple hereditary exostosis, these tumors are overwhelmingly found as isolated lesions. Increased exostotic load associated with multiple hereditary exostosis can lead to limb-length discrepancy, increased femoral anteversion, valgus angulation, and acetabular dysplasia. Despite these observations, the relationship of more common isolated exostoses near the proximal femur and their role in femoral acetabular impingement has never been depicted. Although solitary osteochondromas have been linked with bursal inflammation and pain, compression on neurovascular structures, and malignant degeneration, they have not previously been associated with femoral acetabular impingement. This article presents a novel case of a proximal femoral osteochondroma of the greater trochanter leading to the development and associated symptoms and radiographic findings consistent with hip impingement. A 24-year-old man presented with groin and lower extremity pain thought to be due to an exostosis of the proximal femur. Following surgical excision and persistence of anterior groin pain, the patient was found to display a presentation and radiographic findings consistent with femoral acetabular impingement. He successfully underwent a hip arthroscopy, femoroacetabular osteochondroplasty, and labral repair. Postoperatively, his symptoms improved significantly, and he returned to normal activity. The presence of a proximal femoral exostosis can be associated with the development of femoral acetabular impingement. Awareness of this relationship may lead to a better understanding of patient symptoms and expectations associated with treatment.
Combining Scholarship with Service: The Parent Child Research Collective
Authors: Terres Nancy M. , Cartier Jeanne M.
Published: January 2010

A significant challenge in academia is effectively dealing with the combined faculty roles of teaching, research, and service. Each category involves layers of responsibility, which take a toll on time and resources. This article describes an initiative developed by faculty in a nursing graduate program using the principles of engaged scholarship to meet various goals for faculty and students, and provides a specialized service to the community.
Identifying and Validating the Components of Nursing Practice Models for Long-Term Care Facilities
Authors: Mueller Christine , Savik Kay
Published: January 2010

Nursing practice models (NPMs) provide the framework for the design and delivery of nursing care to residents in long-term care (LTC) facilities and characterize the manner in which nursing staff assemble to accomplish clinical goals. The purpose of this study was to identify and validate the distinctive components of NPMs in LTC facilities and develop an instrument to describe and evaluate NPMs in such settings. The study included validation of the NPM components through a literature review and focus groups with nursing staff from LTC facilities; development and modification of the Nursing Practice Model Questionnaire (NPMQ); and examination of the validity and reliability of the NPMQ through pilot testing in 15 LTC facilities with 508 nursing staff. Five factors—decision making, informal continuity of information, formal continuity of information, continuity of care, and accountability—comprise the five subscales of the NPMQ, a 37-item questionnaire with established respectable validity and reliability.
Expansion of FOXP3+ CD8 T Cells with Suppressive Potential in Colorectal Mucosa Following a Pathogenic Simian Immunodeficiency Virus Infection Correlates with Diminished Antiviral T Cell Response and Viral Control
Authors: Nigam Pragati , Velu Vijayakumar , Kannanganat Sunil , Chennareddi Lakshmi , Kwa Suefen , Siddiqui Mariam , Amara Rama Rao
Published: January 2010

FOXP3+CD8+ T cells are present at low levels in humans; however, the function of these cells is not known. In this study, we demonstrate a rapid expansion of CD25+FOXP3+CD8+ regulatory T cells (Tregs) in the blood and multiple tissues following a pathogenic SIV infection in rhesus macaques. The expansion was pronounced in lymphoid and colorectal mucosal tissues, preferential sites of virus replication. These CD8 Tregs expressed molecules associated with immune suppressor function such as CTLA-4 and CD39 and suppressed proliferation of SIV-specific T cells in vitro. They also expressed low levels of granzyme B and perforin, suggesting that these cells do not possess killing potential. Expansion of CD8 Tregs correlated directly with acute phase viremia and inversely with the magnitude of antiviral T cell response. Expansion was also observed in HIV-infected humans but not in SIV-infected sooty mangabeys with high viremia, suggesting a direct role for hyperimmune activation and an indirect role for viremia in the induction of these cells. These results suggest an important but previously unappreciated role for CD8 Tregs in suppressing antiviral immunity during immunodeficiency virus infections. These results also suggest that CD8 Tregs expand in pathogenic immunodeficiency virus infections in the nonnatural hosts and that therapeutic strategies that prevent expansion of these cells may enhance control of HIV infection.
Advances and Applications of Biodegradable Elastomers in Regenerative Medicine
Authors: Serrano Maria Concepcion , Chung Eun Ji , Ameer Guillermo. A.
Published: January 2010

When elastomers were first proposed as useful materials for regenerative medicine a few decades ago, their high versatility and suitability for a diverse and wide range of in vivo applications could not have been predicted. Due to their ability to recover after deformation, these materials were first introduced in tissue engineering in an attempt to mimic the mechanical properties of the extracellular matrix. Furthermore, elastomeric characteristics have been described as important criteria for cell interaction by modulating cellular behavior. From soft to hard tissues, elastomers have demonstrated degradation, mechanical, and biocompatibility requirements in accordance with the target tissue. In this feature article, biodegradable synthetic polyester elastomers that have been reported in the literature are discussed, with special focus on those that show promise for in vivo tissue replacement. Their satisfactory performance in vivo shows the promise of elastomers for use in regenerative medicine. However, further investigation is required to demonstrate the prospect of elastomer‐based therapies in clinical trials.
An Efficient Way to Assemble ZnS Nanobelts as Ultraviolet‐Light Sensors with Enhanced Photocurrent and Stability
Authors: Fang Xiaosheng , Bando Yoshio , Liao Meiyong , Zhai Tianyou , Gautam Ujjal K. , Li Liang , Koide Yasuo , Golberg Dmitri
Published: January 2010

Although there has been significant progress in the fabrication and performance optimization of one‐dimensional nanostructure‐based photodetectors, it is still a challenge to develop an effective and low‐cost device with high performance characteristics, such as a high photocurrent/dark‐current ratio, photocurrent stability, and fast time response. Herein an efficient and low‐cost method to achieve high‐performance ‘visible‐blind’ microscale ZnS nanobelt‐based ultraviolet (UV)‐light sensors without using a lithography technique, by increasing the nanobelt surface areas exposed to light, is reported. The devices exhibit about 750 times enhancement of a photocurrent compared with individual nanobelt‐based sensors and an ultrafast time response. The photocurrent stability and time response to UV‐light do not change significantly when a channel distance is altered from 2 to 100 µm or the sensor environment changes from air to vacuum and different measurement temperatures (60 and 150 °C). The photoelectrical behaviors can be recovered well after returning the measurement conditions to air and room temperature again. The low cost and high performance of the resultant ZnS nanobelt photodetectors guarantee their highest potential for visible‐blind UV‐light sensors working in the UV‐A band.
Recyclable Heterogeneous Palladium Catalysts in Pure Water: Sustainable Developments in Suzuki, Heck, Sonogashira and Tsuji–Trost Reactions
Authors: Lamblin Marc , Nassar‐Hardy Luma , Hierso Jean‐Cyrille , Fouquet Eric , Felpin François‐Xavier
Published: January 2010

This review summarizes the progress made essentially these last ten years on heterogeneous palladium catalysis in pure water. The work covers four important palladium‐catalyzed transformations for carbon‐carbon bond formation: Suzuki, Heck, Sonogashira and Tsuji–Trost reactions. The discussion focuses on the efficiency and reusability of the heterogeneous catalysts as well as on the experimental conditions from a sustainable chemistry point of view. The review is introduced by a discussion on mechanistic aspects inherent to heterogeneous catalysis.
Synthetic amphoteric copolymer as a dispersant for aqueous barium titanate slurries
Authors: Chen Lung‐Pin , Chen Wen‐Yi , Hsu Kung‐Chung
Published: January 2010

An amphoteric water‐soluble copolymer, i.e., poly(methacrylate‐co‐N‐(4‐vinylbenzyl)‐N,N‐dimethylglycinate) (PMV) was synthesized and used as a dispersion agent for barium titanate (BaTiO3) (BT) particles. PMV was prepared from methacrylic acid andN‐(4‐vinylbenzyl)‐N,N‐dimethylglycinate in basic conditions through free radical polymerization. The structure of this copolymer was verified by its IR and1H‐NMR spectra. The dispersing effects of PMV were examined and evaluated through viscosity and sedimentation measurements. The results indicate that this copolymer could uniformly disperse the particles, make the resulting suspensions less viscous and more stabilized. The dispersing ability of PMV is better than that of a commercial dispersant, ammonium polymethacrylate (PMAAN). Accordingly, the BT compacts with PMV exhibit higher dielectric constant values than those with PMAAN. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2010
Thermosensitive PCL‐PEG‐PCL hydrogels: Synthesis, characterization, and delivery of proteins
Authors: Ma Guilei , Miao Bolong , Song Cunxian
Published: January 2010

In this work, a biodegradable and injectable in situ gel‐forming controlled drug delivery system based on thermosensitive poly(ε‐caprolactone)‐poly(ethylene glycol)‐poly(ε‐caprolactone) (PCL‐PEG‐PCL) hydrogels was studied. A series of PCL‐PEG‐PCL triblock copolymers were synthesized and characterized by 1H‐NMR and gel permeation chromatography (GPC). Thermosensitivity of the PCL‐PEG‐PCL triblock copolymers was tested using the tube inversion method. The in vitro release behaviors of two model proteins, including bovine serum albumin (BSA) and horseradish peroxidase (HRP), from PCL‐PEG‐PCL hydrogels were studied in detail. The in vivo gel formation and degradation of the PCL‐PEG‐PCL triblock copolymers were also investigated in this study. The results showed that aqueous solutions of the synthesized PCL‐PEG‐PCL copolymers can form in situ gel rapidly after injection under physiological conditions. The PCL‐PEG‐PCL hydrogels showed the ability to control the release of incorporated BSA and HRP. The released HRP was confirmed to conserve its biological activity by specific enzymatic activity assay. The in vivo gel formation and degradation studies indicated that PCL‐PEG‐PCL copolymers hydrogels can sustain at least 45 days by subcutaneous injection. Therefore, owing to great thermosensitivity and biodegradability of these copolymers, PCL‐PEG‐PCL copolymers hydrogels show promise as an in situ gel‐forming controlled drug delivery system for therapeutic proteins. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2010