bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Session Rating of Perceived Exertion Is Different for Similar Intensity and Duration Prescribed Low-Intensity Sessions and Has a Different Effect on Performance in Young Cross-Country Skiers
Authors: Pind Rasmus , Purge Priit , Mäestu Evelin , Vahtra Eno , Hofmann Peter , Mäestu Jarek
Published: December 2021

Pind, R, Purge, P, Mäestu, E, Vahtra, E, Hofmann, P, and Mäestu, J. Session rating of perceived exertion is different for similar intensity and duration prescribed low-intensity sessions and has a different effect on performance in young cross-country skiers. J Strength Cond Res 37(1): 187–193, 2023—The aim of this study was to analyze whether the rating of perceived exertion (RPE) and the resulting internal load (sRPE) could differ among subjects when volume and intensity are matched in young cross-country (XC) skiers. Second, we analyzed whether subjects with a high or low RPE response and sRPE have different adaptation after a 1-week low-intensity high-volume training period. Well-trained national level XC skiers (n = 13) aged 13.4 ± 1.9 years took part in a 1-week training period with double poling performance tested pretraining and after 1-week training. All subjects trained under a similar training program. Rating of perceived exertion was measured after each training session on a 10-point scale, and the total training load was calculated by the sRPE method by multiplying training session's duration and the RPE. Subjects were divided into Glow (n = 6) or Ghigh (n = 7) groups based on median rating of RPE (3.78 ± 1.24) in low-intensity trainings. Total training load in low-intensity trainings was higher in Ghigh compared with Glow (4,010 ± 765 vs. 2,499 ± 193 arbitrary units, respectively), although total training time with (16.3 ± 0.8 hours vs. 16.0 ± 0.6 hours) or without (13.1 ± 0.9 hours vs. 13.3 ± 0.7 hours, p > 0.05, respectively to Glow and Ghigh) high-intensity sessions was not different. No significant differences were found for time spent in different heart rate zones between the 2 groups. Increases in performance were significant for both groups (p< 0.05), while the effect was large in Ghigh (+12.5%; ES = 0.74), and medium in Glow (+10.7%; ES = 0.34). Differences in the internal load and the further quantification of training load for different target intensity sessions could provide important practical information to stimulate expected adaptation in young endurance athletes.
Finding the Signal in the Noise—Interday Reliability and Seasonal Sensitivity of 84 Countermovement Jump Variables in Professional Basketball Players
Authors: Mercer Richard A.J. , Russell Jennifer L. , McGuigan Lauren C. , Coutts Aaron J. , Strack Donnie S. , McLean Blake D.
Published: December 2021

Mercer, RAJ, Russell, JL, McGuigan, LC, Coutts, AJ, Strack, DS, and McLean, BD. Finding the signal in the noise—interday reliability and seasonal sensitivity of 84 countermovement jump variables in professional basketball players. J Strength Cond Res 37(2): 394–402, 2023—This study examined the measurement characteristics of countermovement jump (CMJ) variables in basketball athletes using different variable selection criteria. Test-retest reliability (noise) and seasonal variability (signal) CMJ data were collected from 13 professional basketball athletes playing for the same club throughout 1 competitive season. Interday reliability (coefficient of variation [CV] and intraclass correlation coefficients) were calculated over 3 preseason tests conducted on 3 consecutive days. To evaluate sensitivity, signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) was calculated by dividing seasonal variability (CV) from 8 in-season CMJ tests (collected from November to February) by preseason reliability (CV). Players performed 3 CMJs each testing day, and 3 data analysis techniques were applied: a single variable from the trial with either the best jump height (BestJH; calculated by flight time) or the best flight time to contraction time (BestFT:CT) and mean output across 3 jumps (Mean3). Mean3 was the most reliable data analysis technique, with 79 and 82 of 84 variables displaying lower interday CVs compared with BestJH and BestFT:CT, respectively. Overall, many CMJ measures display seasonal changes that are greater than the inherent noise, with 77 variables producing SNR of >1.00 for Mean3 compared with 65 and 58 variables for BestJH and BestFT:CT, respectively. To improve reliability and sensitivity, it is recommended that practitioners use the average of multiple CMJ trials and regularly reassess measurement characteristics specific to their cohort and environment.
Genome Characterization and Potential Risk Assessment of the Novel SARS-CoV-2 Variant Omicron (B.1.1.529)
Authors: Qin Si , Cui Mengnan , Sun Siqi , Zhou Jiyang , Du Zongmin , Cui Yujun , Fan Hang
Published: December 2021

As the novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 spread around the world, multiple waves of variants emerged, thus leading to local or global population shifts during the pandemic. A new variant named Omicron (PANGO lineage B.1.1.529), which was first discovered in southern Africa, has recently been proposed by the World Health Organization to be a Variant of Concern. This variant carries an unusually large number of mutations, particularly on the spike protein and receptor binding domain, in contrast to other known major variants. Some mutation sites are associated with enhanced viral transmission, infectivity, and pathogenicity, thus enabling the virus to evade the immune protective barrier. Given that the emergence of the Omicron variant was accompanied by a sharp increase in infection cases in South Africa, the variant has the potential to trigger a new global epidemic peak. Therefore, continual attention and a rapid response are required to decrease the possible risks to public health.
Working Memory for Spatial Sequences: Developmental and Evolutionary Factors in Encoding Ordinal and Relational Structures
Authors: Zhang He , Zhen Yanfen , Yu Shijing , Long Tenghai , Zhang Bingqian , Jiang Xinjian , Li Junru , Fang Wen , Sigman Mariano , Dehaene Stanislas , Wang Liping
Published: December 2021

Sequence learning is a ubiquitous facet of human and animal cognition. Here, using a common sequence reproduction task, we investigated whether and how the ordinal and relational structures linking consecutive elements are acquired by human adults, children, and macaque monkeys. While children and monkeys exhibited significantly lower precision than adults for spatial location and temporal order information, only monkeys appeared to exceedingly focus on the first item. Most importantly, only humans, regardless of age, spontaneously extracted the spatial relations between consecutive items and used a chunking strategy to compress sequences in working memory. Monkeys did not detect such relational structures, even after extensive training. Monkey behavior was captured by a conjunctive coding model, whereas a chunk-based conjunctive model explained more variance in humans. These age- and species-related differences are indicative of developmental and evolutionary mechanisms of sequence encoding and may provide novel insights into the uniquely human cognitive capacities.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTSequence learning, the ability to encode the order of discrete elements and their relationships presented within a sequence, is a ubiquitous facet of cognition among humans and animals. By exploring sequence-processing abilities at different human developmental stages and in nonhuman primates, we found that only humans, regardless of age, spontaneously extracted the spatial relations between consecutive items and used an internal language to compress sequences in working memory. The findings provided insights into understanding the origins of sequence capabilities in humans and how they evolve through development to identify the unique aspects of human cognitive capacity, which includes the comprehension, learning, and production of sequences, and perhaps, above all, language processing.
Uncoupled seasonal variability of transparent exopolymer and Coomassie stainable particles in coastal Mediterranean waters
Authors: Zamanillo Marina , Ortega-Retuerta Eva , Cisternas-Novoa Carolina , Marrasé Cèlia , Pelejero Carles , Pascual Josep , Gasol Josep M. , Engel Anja , Simó Rafel
Published: December 2021

Transparent exopolymer particles (TEP) and Coomassie stainable particles (CSP) are gel-like particles, ubiquitous in the ocean, that affect important biogeochemical processes including organic carbon cycling by planktonic food webs. Despite much research on both groups of particles (especially TEP) over many years, whether they exist as distinctly stainable fractions of the same particles or as independent particles, each with different driving factors, remains unclear. To address this question, we examined the temporal dynamics of TEP and CSP over 2 complete seasonal cycles at 2 coastal sites in the Northwestern Mediterranean Sea, the Blanes Bay Microbial Observatory (BBMO) and the L’Estartit Oceanographic Station (EOS), as well as their spatial distribution along a coast-to-offshore transect. Biological, chemical, and physical variables were measured in parallel. Surface concentrations (mean ± standard deviation [SD]) of TEP were 36.7 ± 21.5 µg Xanthan Gum (XG) eq L–1 at BBMO and 36.6 ± 28.3 µg XG eq L–1 at EOS; for CSP, they were 11.9 ± 6.1 µg BSA eq L–1 at BBMO and 13.0 ± 5.9 µg BSA eq L–1 at EOS. Seasonal variability was more evident at EOS, where surface TEP and CSP concentrations peaked in summer and spring, respectively, and less predictable at the shore-most station, BBMO. Vertical distributions between surface and 80 m, monitored at EOS, showed highest TEP concentrations within the surface mixed layer during the stratification period, whereas CSP concentrations were highest before the onset of summer stratification. Phytoplankton were the main drivers of TEP and CSP distributions, although nutrient limitation and saturating irradiance also appeared to play important roles. The dynamics and distribution of TEP and CSP were uncoupled both in the coastal sites and along the transect, suggesting that they are different types of particles produced and consumed differently in response to environmental variability.
Trump’s Ironic Effect on Political Satire
Authors: McClennen Sophia A.
Published: December 2021

This essay analyzes how the presidency of Donald Trump presented a challenge to satirists. It argues that the ironic complexities of the Trump figure itself created an unusual situation for satire, one which required it to adapt and change in novel ways. Because Trump was both absurd and terrifying, because he was both parody and credible threat, he created a unique situation for satirists, one where many of the common tools they carry in their comedic toolkit didn’t work. Satirical irony of Trump was not a matter of irony everywhere or ironic post-truthiness; when Trump satire was at its best, it worked in two competing, yet intertwined, representational directions because it was at once a return to sincerely using irony to reveal the truth while also using irony to reveal that reality had become grotesquely and ironically absurd. This essay explores two key examples of this new satirical aesthetic, Sarah Cooper’s interpretations of Trump and Jimmy Kimmel’s use of satire to defend democracy.
The Streaming Souls of White Folk
Authors: Qureshi Bilal
Published: December 2021

In the second July of the ongoing pandemic, with his cinephilia fading, Film Quarterly columnist Bilal Qureshi was jolted awake by the biting excellence of HBO’s six-part series The White Lotus, the undeniable water-cooler show of the summer. A classis whodunnit set among a collective of entitled, smug, and vindictive wealthy tourists at a Hawaiian luxury resort, The White Lotus proved a provocative meditation on class, privilege, and the frayed national mood. To have a work of mainstream “prestige” TV—with is lavish production values and characteristic wealthy white angst—inspire confusion and disagreement over issues of whiteness and privilege strikes Qureshi as a welcome shift from streaming’s usual habit of lulling audiences into one-dimensional distraction and cements The White Lotus’s status as a definitive pandemic-era piece of filmmaking.
β-galactosidase is involved in rice seed germination
Authors: Zhang Qi , Peng Yuanxuan , Li Xiumei , Chen Bingxian , Liu Jun
Published: December 2021

The purpose of this study was to explore the relationship between β-galactosidase and rice seed germination. Exogenous β-galactosidase (1 U) facilitated germination while abscisic acid (ABA) delayed germination. Histo- chemical staining and spectrophotometry revealed that
the activity of endogenous β-galactosidase increased gradually during germination. 1 μM ABA and GA4+7 could, respectively, inhibit and promote the activity of β-galactosidase in the rice embryo. This indicated that the regulation of rice seed germination by these two
phytohormones may be through mediation of β-galactosidase activity. During seed germination, the transcriptional expressions of OsBAGL1, OsBAGL4, OsBAGL8 and OsBAGL11 were higher than those of other homologous genes, suggesting that these four genes may be involved in the
germination process. GA4+7 significantly increased the expression of the above four genes. By contrast, the transcriptional expression of OsBAGL8 and OsBAGL11 were significantly reduced by ABA, but not that of OsBAGL1 and OsBAGL4. Our study has important
theoretical and practical significance for illustrating the relationship between β-galactosidase and seed germination.
Association of fasting plasma glucose change trajectory and risk of hypertension: a cohort study in China
Authors: Lou Yanmei , Zhang Yanyan , Zhao Ping , Qin Pei , Wang Changyi , Ma Jianping , Peng Xiaolin , Chen Hongen , Zhao Dan , Xu Shan , Wang Li , Zhang Ming , Hu Dongsheng , Hu Fulan
Published: December 2021

We aimed to assess the association between fasting plasma glucose (FPG) change trajectory and incident hypertension among Chinese population. This cohort study included 11,791 adults aged 18–80 years without hypertension at first entry and who completed at least four follow-ups between 2009 and 2016. Logistic regression was used to estimate odds ratios (ORs) and 95% CIs for the association between FPG change trajectory and probability of hypertension. During a median follow-up of 5.10 years (total person–years 61,887.76), hypertension developed in 2177 participants. After adjusting for baseline potential confounders, the probability of hypertension increased with the increasing FPG change trajectory (adjusted OR (aOR) 1.22, 95% CI 1.07–1.40), bell-shape trajectory (aOR 1.15, 95% CI 1.02–1.30) and other-shape trajectory (aOR 1.13, 95% CI 1.02–1.25) which showed a higher variability of FPG compared to the decreasing group. In addition, the increasing FPG change trajectory was associated with a higher probability of hypertension compared with the decreasing group regardless of age and BMI but was only significant in males and in those with normal FPG at baseline. Our study indicates that the increasing FPG change trajectory determines the highest risk of hypertension, demonstrating the importance of maintaining low and stable levels of FPG, especially in males and in those with normal FPG.
Instrumentos musicales 2.0: un proyecto intercentro para el desarrollo de la competencia digital y artística en educación primaria
Authors: Oriola Requena Salvador
Published: December 2021

En el presente artículo se expone y se analiza la realización de un proyecto telecolaborativo realizado por centros educativos de diferente índole (escuela de primaria, conservatorio y escuelas de música) para el aprendizaje de los instrumentos musicales. El principal objetivo es conocer si la combinación del uso de las TIC (herramientas 2.0) junto con el trabajo por proyectos influye en el desarrollo competencial del alumnado de primaria. Para ello se ha utilizado una metodología mixta a través de diferentes instrumentos: análisis de resultados académicos, entrevistas semiestructuradas y observación participante. Los resultados obtenidos reflejan que la realización de este tipo de proyectos en red no solo mejora la adquisición competencial, sino también el clima social de las clases y la motivación de los participantes.
Reseña de: Claves para la inclusión en Educación Superior
Authors: Iniesto Francisco
Published: December 2021

Reseña de Claves para la inclusión en Educación Superior, un libro con el objetivo de poner el foco en las necesidades y desafíos que afronta la educación superior en la atención a la diversidad. Para los editores y autores la inclusión es una necesidad en el marco de garantizar una Educación Superior de calidad para todos los estudiantes y los profesionales que trabajan en el ámbito universitario. El objetivo de esta experiencia editorial es traer ideas para ayudar a facilitar el diseño, el desarrollo y la evaluación de propuestas inclusivas en la universidad y por lo tanto en la educación superior.
Defining degree of semantic similarity using description logic tools
Authors:   Institute of Software Systems NAS of Ukraine, Zakharova O.V.
Published: December 2021

Establishing the semantic similarity of information is an integral part of the process of solving any information retrieval tasks, including tasks related to big data processing, discovery of semantic web services, categorization and classification of information, etc. The special functions to determine quantitative indicators of degree of se­mantic similarity of the information allow ranking the found information on its semantic proximity to the pur­po­se or search request/template. Forming such measures should take into account many aspects from the mea­nings of the matched concepts to the specifics of the business-task in which it is done. Usually, to construct such si­milarity functions, semantic ap­proaches are combined with structural ones, which provide syntactic comparison of concepts descriptions. This allows to do descriptions of the concepts more detail, and the impact of syntactic matching can be significantly reduced by using more expressive descriptive logics to represent information and by moving the focus to semantic properties. Today, DL-ontologies are the most developed tools for representing semantics, and the mechanisms of reasoning of descriptive logics (DL) provide the possibility of logical inference. Most of the estimates presented in this paper are based on basic DLs that support only the intersection constructor, but the described approaches can be applied to any DL that provides basic reasoning services. This article contains the analysis of existing approaches, models and measures based on descriptive logics. Classification of the estimation methods both on the levels of defining similarity and the matching types is proposed. The main attention is paid to establishing the similarity between concepts (conceptual level models). The task of establishing the value of similarity between instances and between concept and instance consists of finding the most specific concept for the instance / instances and evaluating the similarity between the concepts. The term of existential similarity is introduced. In this paper the examples of applying certain types of measures to evaluate the degree of semantic similarity of notions and/or knowledge based on the geometry ontology is demonstrated.
INVESTIGATION OF THE POTENTIAL UTILIZATIONS OF HUMAN MILK ORIGINATED Lactobacillus gasseri STRAINS IN AQUACULTURE AND SEAFOOD PRODUCTION
Authors: Gunyakti Ayse , Ozusaglam Meltem Asan
Published: December 2021

In the current study, five Lactobacillus gasseri MA strains from human breast milk were investigated for their usage potentials in aquaculture and seafood products as probiotic and bio-protective. The strains were tested for their susceptibilities to various clinical antibiotics used in fish cultivation, antimicrobial activities against seven fish pathogens, alpha-amylase enzyme activities, and susceptibilities to sodium benzoate which used as a food preservative. The strains were susceptible to Ampicillin, Amoxicillin and Erythromycin antibiotics. Antimicrobial activity test results indicated that the inhibition zone diameters were ranged between 1.66 mm and 11.22 mm against various pathogens originated fish. The highest antimicrobial activity was recorded against the Aeromonas hydrophila ATCC 19570 (11.22 mm) for the MA-2 strain, while the lowest antimicrobial activity was determined against Vibrio anguillarum A4 (1.66 mm) for the MA-6 strain. L. gasseri MA-5, MA-3 and MA-6 showed alpha-amylase activity. The spectrophotometric and live-cell count data showed that all the strains exhibited resistance to sodium benzoate. The results suggest that L. gasseri MA strains could be good sources of probiotic for aquaculture and bio-protectives in seafood products.
IN SILICO CHARACTERIZATION OF Β-1,3-GLUCANASE PROMOTER FROM DROSERA BINATA
Authors: Libantova Jana , Frátrikova Monika , Jopcik Martin , Bauer Miroslav , Rajninec Miroslav
Published: December 2021

The promoter region of the β-1,3-glucanase gene (DbGluc) was isolated from carnivorous plant species Drosera binata and sequenced. Subsequently, a DNA fragment of 1154 bp upstream of the transcription start site was searched for the presence of motifs identical to cis-element motifs previously reported in the PLACE database. The analysis revealed that the DbGluc promoter contains a TATA-box sequence 35 nucleotides upstream of the transcription start site. Moreover, three functional groups of light-, tissue- and stress-responsive putative cis-elements were identified within the investigated DNA sequence. The group of stress-responsive elements (MYBCORE, ACGTATATERD1, CURECORECR, WRKY-box, WBOXATNPR1, GT1) is very characteristic for promoters of genes encoding pathogenesis-related proteins, including β-1,3-glucanases. These hydrolases may play a role not only in reaction to biotic and abiotic stress but also during the digestive processes in carnivorous species.
ISOLATION AND CHARACTERISATION OF A NEW ALKALI-HALOTOLERANT BACILLUS AQUIMARIS STRAIN LGMT10, PRODUCING EXTRACELLULAR HYDROLASES, FROM THE EFFLUENTS OF A THERMAL POWER PLANT, IN ALGERIA
Authors: Chaida Abdelkrim , Bensalah Farid , Guermouche M'rassi Amel
Published: December 2021

Modern biotechnology takes into account cost, performance, and respect for the environment to set up an industrial process. In this sense, the study's goal is to highlight the presence of indigenous microbial microflora in the Terga thermal power plant effluents, which are capable of secreting extracellular hydrolases. Four different extracellular hydrolases classes, which are most of the time used in bioindustry, namely protease, amylase, lipase, and cellulase, were investigated in agar plate assay, to select microorganisms with an interesting enzymatic potential adapted to this type of environment. Consequently, the results have shown that among twelve isolated bacterial strains, three strains were screened based on their enzymatic potential, and were later identified by 16S rRNA gene sequencing, i.e. showing that the strains belong to the genus Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Bacillus wiedmannii with a similarity percentage of 99.33% and 100%, respectively, with their corresponding type of strains. Among them, the strain LGMT10 that belongs to the Bacillus genus, and is closely related to Bacillus aquimaris, showed a 16S rRNA sequence similarity with the type of strain of 99.23%. This strain presents adequate characteristics to resist the harsh conditions of pH and NaCl. It could grow against wide ranges of NaCl concentrations between 0-12% (w/v), pH 5.5-12, and was able to produce extracellular hydrolases (i.e., protease, amylase, and cellulase) against pH ranges of 6.8-12 and NaCl concentrations between 0-12% (w/v) at 30 °C. This strain's intriguing enzymatic potential, as well as its pH and salinity tolerance, make it a promising candidate for various biotechnological applications in detergent, leather, textile, and food processing industries.
CLASSIFICATION AND MECHANISM OF BACTERIOCIN INDUCED CELL DEATH: A REVIEW
Authors: Sharma Kajal , Kaur Sandeep , Singh Rajat , Kumar Naveen
Published: December 2021

Multidrug resistance and toxicity associated with antimicrobial agents among pathogenic bacteria leading to a surge in morbidity and mortality in humans need bold proclamation in the area of research and development of new biological agents. The maximum propitious possibility we can see in the area of bacteriocins. Bacteriocins are ribosomally synthesized peptides produced by gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria which evince wide and narrow antimicrobial activity spectrum. They can survive in a highly competitive microbial environment. Bacteriocins attack their targeted bacterial cells through different mechanisms. Understanding different mechanisms that induced cell death will enable researchers to develop methodologies to limit this life-threatening problem. Therefore, in this study, we provide the updated information on the number of bacteriocins produced, their potential producers and different mode of action against relevant pathogenic bacteria.
THE EFFECT OF BEE BREAD ON THE EGG QUALITY OF JAPANESE QUAILS DURING LAYING PERIOD
Authors: Hanusova Emilia , Oravcová Marta , Hrnčár Cyril , Hanus Anton , Kalafová Anna , Capcarová Marcela
Published: December 2021

The aim of the study was to detect effect of supplementation bee bread in diet on Japanese quail’s egg quality during laying. The quails were divided into four groups as follows: E1 with addition of 2 g, E2 with 4 g, E3 with 6 g bee bread per 1 kg of feed mixture and the control without additives (C). The groups were kept under the same conditions. The supplementation of BB into diets affected the laying parameters in favor of the experimental groups. The average egg weight was significantly (P≤0.05) affected by diet and by age. E2 had significantly lower egg weight than C and E3. The animals had significantly lower egg weight regardless of the experimental group at age of 16 weeks. The most significant differences between the C and E groups were in eggshell thickness. All experimental groups had a thinner eggshell than C. The average egg weight was significantly (P≤0.05) affected by diet and by age. The weight of the egg, yolk and albumen were significantly lower at the beginning of laying (P<0.01). We recorded significant differences between the control group and some experimental groups in the weight and width of the albumen; in the percentage of albumen and yolk between the control group and E2 (P<0.05). The control group had darker eggs (9.58oHLR) than experimental groups (from 8.89 to 9.34oHLR). We can conclude that the BB supplementation in diet had significant effect on selected parameters of egg quality of Japanese quails, mainly on the eggshell thickness.
IDENTIFICATION OF Bacteroides spp. FROM DUCKS USING 16S rRNA GENE PCR ASSAY: PRELUDE TO ITS APPLICATION IN MICROBIAL SOURCE TRACKING
Authors: Dela Rosa Christian Jordan , Rivera Windell
Published: December 2021

Fecal pollution monitoring using fecal indicator bacteria has many limitations. Alternatively, using 16S rRNA gene Bacteroides-based polymerase chain reaction (PCR) showed promise because Bacteroides spp. are a major part of the gut microbiota. In the Philippines, duck backyard farming waste management is unmonitored. Hence, the objective of this study was to isolate Bacteroides DNA from duck feces and to establish genetic relatedness that can be used to develop new microbial source tracking markers. Fifty (50) duck fecal samples were collected. Of the 50, 20 were subjected to total DNA extraction and the remaining 30 were used for the isolation of Bacteroides. A total of 32 Bacteroides were isolated that included 6 B. nordii and 26 B. ovatus. A phylogenetic tree showing the host sources of Bacteroides generated five clusters. Four clusters came from this study, while the fifth cluster was composed of sequences from a study in Japan. This shows an intraspecies difference between Bacteroides species in the Philippines and Japan. This difference is a result of variations in the gut microbiome such as host species, diet, and geography. Results of this study will expand the present sequence database of Bacteroides from ducks that can be used in identifying sources of fecal pollution in the environment.
NUTRITIONAL COMPOSITION, BIOLOGICAL ACTIVITY AND TECHNOLOGICAL PROPERTIES OF NEW SLOVAKIAN BLACK OAT VARIETIES
Authors: Čech Matej , Ivanišová Eva , Hozlár Peter , Tokár Marian , Zagula Grzegorz , Gumul Dorota , Kačániová Miroslava , Sterczyńska Monika , Haščík Peter
Published: December 2021

Black and red cereal grains, rich in anthocyanins, have recently gained a lot of interest in the food industry due to health benefits. The aim of this study was to evaluate the nutritional composition (crude protein, starch, ash, fat, β-glucans), biological activity (antioxidant activity, total polyphenols, carotenoids and anthocyanins) and technological properties (farinograph, amylograph and extensograph) of new Slovakian black oat varieties Hucul and Norik. Technological properties were observed by incorporation of whole-grain oatmeal flour to standard wheat flour T-650 in amount 3, 6 and 9%. The grains of selected varieties were grinded and resulting whole-grain oatmeal flour was used for analyses. The crude protein content was in both varieties in amount ~ 11%; starch content ~ 44% and ash content in amount ~ 2.6%. The Norik variety showed a higher content of fat – 5.80%, β-glucans – 4.29%, and total carotenoids – 7.47 μg.g-1. In Hucul variety was detected a higher content of total polyphenols – 0.19 mg GAE.g-1(GAE – gallic acid equivalent) and anthocyanins – 22.00 μg.g-1. The antioxidant activity (DPPH method) was approximately at the same level in both evaluated varieties – 3 mg TEAC.g-1 (TEAC – Trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity). There were several differences in mineral composition between observed varieties. The Norik variety showed higher content [mg.100 g-1] of Fe – 5.94, K – 397.56, Na – 6.33 and P – 365.51, while in Hucul variety it was detected higher content of S – 142.89 and Zn – 2.05. Other mineral compounds were not significantly different. Amylograph device shown that with an increasing addition of black oat flour, the amylograph maximum fell down with the best value at 9% addition with compared to standard flour – 1593 AU. Farinograph values on the contrary, showed the good quality of standard flour but parameter water absorption was better with addition of oat flour due to non-starch polysaccharides presented in oat. Extensograph device showed that increasing addition of oat flour decreased resistance to extension. Colorant cereals generally can increase biodiversity in agriculture, and can be attractive raw materials for production foods with added value.
SYNTHESIS OF CARBONYL COMPOUNDS FROM SACCHAROMYCES CEREVISIAE STRAINS IN CABERNET SAUVIGNON WINES
Authors: Yoncheva Tatyana Radkova , Spasov Hristo , Kostov Georgi
Published: December 2021

The ability of two Saccharomyces cerevisiae strains (Bordeaux, 8-11) to produce carbonyl compounds under different conditions of the alcoholic fermentation was investigated. The impact of the temperature and the inoculum yeast culture ratio on the synthesis of total aldehydes during the process was traced. A more pronounced effect of the temperature was observed. At the beginning of the fermentation, the total aldehydes rate increased rapidly and reached a maximum during the exponential phase of the yeast cells development (day 5th), thereafter their amount began to go down. The strain Saccharomyces cerevisiae Bordeaux synthesized the most total aldehydes at a temperature of 24оС, while Saccharomyces cerevisiae 8-11 - at 28оС. Acetaldehyde, acetone and 2-butanone were identified in the experimental wines by gas chromatographic analysis. During the fermentation at a temperature of 20°C and 24°C, Saccharomyces cerevisiae Bordeaux produced more acetaldehyde, acetone and 2-butanone compared to 8-11. At 28°C Saccharomyces cerevisiae 8-11 produced more acetaldehyde and 2-butanone, 33.3% and 15% respectively, and 30% less acetone than Saccharomyces cerevisiae Bordeaux. The total aldehydes rate in the experimental samples did not have a negative effect on their aromatic and taste qualities.
IN VITRO ANTAGONISTIC EFFECTS OF SOME BACILLUS SPP. ON THE GROWTH AND MYCOTOXIN PRODUCTION OF TOXIGENIC ASPERGILLI
Authors: Hlebová Miroslava , Uzsáková Viktória , Charousová Ivana , Hleba Lukas
Published: December 2021

This study aimed to investigate the antagonistic effect of three strains of the genus Bacillus on toxigenic fungi contaminating food commodities, with emphasis on two ochratoxigenic isolates (A. ochraceus, A. westerdijkiae) and two aflatoxigenic isolates (A. flavus and A. parasiticus). In vitro studies were carried out using two different methods for cultivation tested bacilli with fungal isolates – coincubation and dual culture method. The most sensitive isolate was A. ochraceus by both used methods. B. mycoides (5.72 ± 6.4 mm) and B. subtilis (5.08 ± 2.84 mm) were able to inhibit its growth and sporulation during ten days of cultivation (both inhibited the sporulation of A. ochraceus 100%) in coincubation. The most effective in the dual culture method were B. subtilis and B. thuringiensis against A. ochraceus (growth inhibition rate 84.40%; 90.55%) and A. flavus (growth inhibition rate 91.54%; 92.43%). The most effective sporulation inhibitors were B. subtilis and B. thuringiensis, which completely inhibited the sporulation of A. ochraceus and A. parasiticus after ten days of coincubation. Likewise, all tested bacterial strains showed complete inhibition of ochratoxin A synthesis in A. ochraceus and A. westerdijkiae exposure to bacterial volatiles. So, the current study illustrated that strains of the genus Bacillus could significantly inhibit the growth, sporulation, and mycotoxin production of toxigenic aspergilli and showing the great potential as a biocontrol agent of pre- and post-harvest food diseases caused by microscopic filamentous fungi.
POTENTIAL EFFECT OF THYME AND OREGANO ESSENTIAL OILS TO ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY AND YEAST ENZYMATIC ANTIOXIDATIVE SYSTEM
Authors: Kovacik Anton , Hlebova Miroslava , Hleba Lukas , Jambor Tomas , Kovacikova Eva
Published: December 2021

This in vitro study was aimed to assess the effects of Thymus vulgaris L. and Origanum vulgare L. essential oils (EOs) on cell viability and enzymatic antioxidative system in yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Yeasts were cultivated with different concentrations of thyme (Thymus vulgaris L.) (0.05 – 1.00 µl/ml) and oregano (Origanum vulgare L.) (0.05 – 0.70 µl/ml) EOs for 24 hours. For the present study, gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis was used to quantify chemical composition of EOs. The main components of thyme essential oil were caryophyllene (7.94%), p-cymene (18.55%), and thymol (46.55%). In essential oil of oregano, there was found p-cymene (8.43%) and carvacrol (69.99%) mainly. The antimicrobial activity of selected EOs was investigated by the microbroth dilution method using 96 well microtiter plates. The most potent essential oil able to inhibit growth of Saccharomyces cerevisiae was oregano EO with the values of MIC50 0.468845 µl/ml and MIC90 0.501845 µl/ml. Also, the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) were assessed. According to our results, Thymus vulgaris L. significantly increased the SOD levels at 0.2, 0.4, 0.5 to 0.9 µl/ml and GPx production at 0.05 to 0.7 µl/ml (P<0.001). In case of Origanum vulgare L., significant increase of SOD production at 0.05 - 0.2 µl/ml (P<0.001) was observed. This essential oil also elevated GPx concentration in all experimental groups (P<0.001) significantly. Data from this study suggest that selected EOs have significant effects on enzymatic antioxidants that may affect the first-line cell defense system against oxidative stress.
Pediatric Collections: Enriching Pediatric Learning: A Guidebook for Preceptors
Authors:   American Academy of Pediatrics
Published: December 2021

This collection is intended to optimize the medical education and practical teaching techniques to improve clinical observation, feedback, assessment, and evaluation. This collection is applicable to the busy preceptor in a variety of settings—rural or regional or urban practice, community hospital, or academic center. Available for purchase at https://shop.aap.org/pediatric-collections-enriching-pediatric-learning-a-guidebook-for-preceptors-paperback/
Pediatric Collections: Sports Medicine Playbook
Authors:   American Academy of Pediatrics
Published: December 2021

The Pediatric Collections: Sports Medicine Playbook will increase pediatric providers’ understanding of the injuries that young athletes may incur – including their history, treatment, and prevention. Each section includes a unique expert introduction and they cover such topics as the benefits of physical activity, injuries, and concerns including concussions. Available for purchase at https://shop.aap.org/pediatric-collections-sports-medicine-playbook-paperback/
Recognition and Management of Nonaccidental Esophageal Perforation
Authors: Bishop Ryan , Sethia Rishabh , Elmaraghy Charles , Lind Meredith , Tscholl Jennifer , Malhotra Prashant
Published: December 2021

Nonaccidental trauma is a common pediatric concern that often goes unrecognized. Although most patients present with bruising, burns, fractures, and head trauma, it is critical that physicians be able to diagnose and treat atypical presentations such as pharyngeal and esophageal trauma. In this report, we describe the presentation and management of a 5-week-old girl with an inflicted esophageal perforation.
A influência do fenômeno de expropriação sobre o desempenho de mercado das empresas brasileiras negociadas na B3
Authors: Granzotto Alberto , Freitas Clailton , Bernardi Sonza Igor
Published: December 2021

O presente trabalho visa compor um fator constituído por variáveis que caracterizam a expropriação de minoritários e utilizá-lo para identificar a influência da expropriação destes sobre o desempenho de mercado das empresas brasileiras de capital aberto negociadas na Brasil, Bolsa e Balcão (B3). Para isso foi construído um fator representativo da expropriação de acionistas minoritários por meio da Análise Fatorial estimado por meio de Componentes Principais. Posteriormente, foram aplicados modelos de painéis dinâmicos, estimados pelo Método dos Momentos Generalizados para verificar a referida influência. De uma maneira geral, identificou que as variáveis de propriedade e controle bem como o desvio acionário são as melhores proxies representar o fenômeno de expropriação. Por fim, identificou-se que o fator expropriação é negativamente relacionada com o desempenho de mercado, isto é, há uma relação inversa entre o fenômeno de expropriação de acionistas minoritários e o desempenho da empresa.
Розробка апаратів для первинної термічної обробки і холодильного зберігання харчових продуктів
Authors: Гратій Т.І. , Тітлов О.С.
Published: December 2021

Проведено експериментальні дослідження комбінованих холодильних агрегатів абсорбційного типу (АХА) з додатковою нагрівальною камерою (ДНК), яка забезпечує теплову та холодильну обробку харчових продуктів у побуті. Для забезпечення теплового зв'язку між теплорозсіювальними елементами АХА (дефлегматором) використовується двофазний випарний термосифон (ДФТС). Показано, що теплова потужність, яка відводиться у процесі проведення випробувань АХА з ДФТС, закріпленого на підйомній магістралі дефлегматора, не перевищувала 7 Вт, а в середньому становила 4...5 Вт; величини теплового потоку, що відводиться з дефлегматора АХА за допомогою ДФТС, достатньо тільки для підтримки в ДНК температури на рівні 50 °С; для підтримки у ДНК рівня температур 70 °С і 100 °С потрібні додаткові енерговитрати; величина додаткових енерговитрат для 70 °С становить 3,5 Вт, а для 100 °С – 8,7 Вт, при цьому добові енерговитрати холодильника зростуть відповідно на 4,9% і 12,3%; за повного використання теплоти дефлегмації для обігріву ДНК можливе гарантоване забезпечення її теплових режимів у діапазоні температур 50...100 °С; у разі використання у якості робочого середовища ДНК повітря виникають проблеми при теплопередаванні від конденсатора ДФТС до внутрішнього об'єму камери – у цьому випадку необхідно підтримувати перепад температур між нагрівальною панеллю і повітрям в ДНК близько 25...35 °С а величина панелі повинна становити не менше 0,200×0,285 м; у разі використання води у якості робочого середовища ДНК доцільно використовувати нагрівальні панелі заввишки 0,2 м, шириною 0,02...0,03 м, а для інтенсифікації процесів теплопередавання при нагріванні води нагрівальну панель необхідно розташовувати в нижній частині ДНК; у разі використання повітря в ДНК його охолодження через втрату тепла до навколишнього повітря йде в 32 рази швидше, ніж при використанні води при початковій температурі 50 °С і в 11 раз швидше при початковій температурі 70 °С
Термодинамічний аналіз комбінованої компресорно-ежекторної холодильної машини
Authors: Чен Г.М. , Морозюк Л.І. , Єрін В.О. , Соколовська-Єфименко В.В. , Воловик О.С.
Published: December 2021

У статті наведено результати термодинамічного аналізу комбінованої компресорно-ежек­торної холодильної машини (КЕХМ). Технологічна схема КЕХМ являє собою дві самостійні машини: парову компресорну холодильну машину (ПКХМ) і ежекторну холодильну машину (ЕХМ), що працюють за індивідуальними циклам. ПКХМ – двоступенева машина з R744, у якій відведення тепла здійснюється за транскритичними температурами. ЕХМ – ежекторна холодильна машина з двоступеневою генерацією, яка є утилізаційною машиною по відношенню до ПКХМ. Робочою речовиною ЕХМ є R601b, що входить до групи природних холодоагентів. Утилізація високотемпературного тепла, що є прямим скиданням ПКХМ, сприяє підвищенню енергетичної ефективності ПКХМ і зменшенню витрати зовнішнього охолоджуючого середовища. Доведено, що досягнення максимальної ефективності КЕХМ можливо тільки за певного поєднання ключових параметрів, що забезпечують максимальне ефективне використання регенерації тепла між циклами ПКХМ і ЕХМ. Такими параметрами визначено: тиск R744 в газовому охолоджувачі pОХ, температури генерації tГ у верхньому і нижньому ступенях генератора ЕХМ і температура кипіння t0Е у випарнику ЕХМ. Основою для дослідження обрано енергетичні аналізи циклів ПКХМ і ЕХМ, як відокремлених, так і об’єднаних в систему через загальні характеристики. Результати розрахунків комбінованої холодильної системи для температур кипіння від –30°C до 0°C з використанням холодо­агенту R601b в ежекторному холодильному циклі показують, що СОРПКХМ досягає 1,88-3,62 за високим СОРЕХМ, що дорівнює 0,41-0,51. При цьому відносне зростання ΔСОР/СОРПКХМ порівняно із звичайним двоступеневим циклом ПКХМ з R744 становить 25,4-30,3%. Впровадження комбінованих компресорно-ежекторних машин на екологічно чистих робочих речовинах є перспективним напрямком удосконалення комерційної холодильної техніки
Вивчення перспектив застосування цеолітів для теплових акумуляторів
Authors: Бошкова І.Л. , Волгушева Н.В. , Мукмінов І.І. , Бондаренко О.С. , Паскаль О.А.
Published: December 2021

В дослідженні аналізується ефективність застосування цеолітів для акумулювання теплоти. Зазначається, що принцип роботи теплових акумуляторів на цеолітах ґрунтується на виділенні теплоти адсорбції при зволоженні цеолітів у процесі безпосереднього контакту з водою або з вологим повітрям. Коли вода адсорбується, цеоліт виділяє тепло адсорбції. Для видалення та використання тепла, накопиченого у шарі цеоліту в процесі адсорбції (термічне розвантаження), через ємність пропускають холодне та вологе повітря. Це дозволяє цеолітам адсорбувати воду з повітря, осушити його та нагріти. У процесі десорбції шар цеоліту продувається гарячим сухим повітрям, з шару цеоліту повітря виходить охолодженим і вологим. Визначено, що адсорбційні теплоакумулюючі системи все ще знаходяться на ранніх стадіях розробки та не повністю комерціалізовані, однак деякі конкретні системи для побутових потреб уже вийшли на ринок. Технологія, що ґрунтується на використанні цеолітів, дозволяє зберігати тепло без втрат у мінімальних обсягах протягом тривалих періодів часу. Поглинаючі накопичувачі з нанопористих матеріалів, таких як цеоліти, можуть успішно застосовуватися як теплові акумулятори в промисловості. Цеоліти зустрічаються в природі та отримані штучно. Для підготовки їх до роботи, а також для регенерації цеолітів як штучного, так і природного походження необхідна стадія сушіння. Встановлено, що при мікрохвильовому сушінні сорбційна ємність цеолітів значно збільшується внаслідок того, що застосування мікрохвиль призводить до отримання дрібніших зерен. Як правило, це сприяє зростанню пористості та покращенню механічних властивостей. Ефективність мікрохвильового нагріву залежить від хімічного складу цеоліту та його діелектричних властивостей. Для розрахунку температурного поля у шарі цеоліту при мікрохвильовому сушінні визначено аналітичну залежність. Швидкість сушіння при проведенні розрахунків визначається даними експериментів відповідно до типу цеоліту
Evaluation of the Effectiveness of the Use of Complex Engineering and Technical Means of Protection of Objects of Special Importance
Authors:   Volgograd State University, Bakhracheva Yulia , Golovacheva Natalia ,   Volgograd State University
Published: December 2021

The paper develops a formalized model for evaluating the effectiveness of the use of complex engineering and technical means of protecting objects of special importance. Algorithms of the software package for evaluating the effectiveness of the use of complex engineering and technical means of protection of objects of special importance have been developed. Experimental studies were conducted to assess the effectiveness of the use of complex engineering and technical means of protecting objects of special importance.
Impact of Client Applications on the Transmission of Mobile Traffic in Communication Networks
Authors:   Volgograd State University, Ermakova Nadezhda , Vodolazkina Margarita ,   Kamyshinsky Technological Institute, Branch of Volgograd State Technical University, Gomazkova Lyudmila ,   Volgograd State University, Pasyuk Alexey ,   Volgograd State University, Arepyeva Elena ,   Volgograd State University
Published: December 2021

The efficiency of traffic transmission through wireless communication networks is currently of considerable interest from a research point of view. This is due to the rapid growth of Internet resources, the convergence of technologies for transmitting heterogeneous traffic, the increased mobility of subscribers of communication networks, as well as the growth in the number of different client applications using mobile data transmission. In this paper, we investigate the impact of the growth of client applications on the transmission of mobile traffic. The study shows that the mobile terminal traffic is stable. It is more variable than a random series, because it consists of frequent reversals, but does not have long-term memory, since the Hurst index ranges from 0.3 to 0.5. The distribution of intervals between the arrival of TCP packets is described by the exponent. The distribution of packet lengths for TCP traffic shows that the bulk of the traffic is carried in long packets (1300–2500 bytes). The immutability of the statistical characteristics of traffic when installing several client applications in comparison with the characteristics obtained in previous studies (with a small number of client applications) indicates the immutability of the quality of service. Therefore, the growth of client applications does not affect the transmission of mobile traffic.