bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Versatile CYP98A enzymes catalyse meta‐hydroxylation reveals diversity of salvianolic acids biosynthesis
Authors: Zhou Zheng , Feng Jingxian , Huo Juncheng , Qiu Shi , Zhang Pan , Wang Yun , Li Qing , Li Yajing , Han Cuicui , Feng Xiaobing , Duan Yonghao , Chen Ruibin , Xiao Ying , He Ying , Zhang Lei , Chen Wansheng
Published: January 2024

Salvianolic acids (SA), such as rosmarinic acid (RA), danshensu (DSS), and their derivative salvianolic acid B (SAB), etc. widely existed in Lamiaceae and Boraginaceae families, are of interest due to medicinal properties in the pharmaceutical industries. Hundreds of studies in past decades described that 4‐coumaroyl‐CoA and 4‐hydroxyphenyllactic acid (4‐HPL) are common substrates to biosynthesize SA with participation of rosmarinic acid synthase (RAS) and cytochrome P450 98A (CYP98A) subfamily enzymes in different plants. However, in our recent study, several acyl donors and acceptors included DSS as well as their ester‐forming products all were determined in SA‐rich plants, which indicated that previous recognition to SA biosynthesis is insufficient. Here, we used Salvia miltiorrhiza, a representative important medicinal plant rich in SA, to elucidate the diversity of SA biosynthesis. Various acyl donors as well as acceptors are catalysed by SmRAS to form precursors of RA and two SmCYP98A family members, SmCYP98A14 and SmCYP98A75, are responsible for different positions' meta‐hydroxylation of these precursors. SmCYP98A75 preferentially catalyses C‐3′ hydroxylation, and SmCYP98A14 preferentially catalyses C‐3 hydroxylation in RA generation. In addition, relative to C‐3′ hydroxylation of the acyl acceptor moiety in RA biosynthesis, SmCYP98A75 has been verified as the first enzyme that participates in DSS formation. Furthermore, SmCYP98A enzymes knockout resulted in the decrease and overexpression leaded to dramatic increase of SA accumlation. Our study provides new insights into SA biosynthesis diversity in SA‐abundant species and versatility of CYP98A enzymes catalytic preference in meta‐hydroxylation reactions. Moreover, CYP98A enzymes are ideal metabolic engineering targets to elevate SA content.
Climate change adaptation in water law: International, EU and Finnish perspectives
Authors: Belinskij Antti , Soininen Niko , Puharinen Suvi‐Tuuli , Veijalainen Noora
Published: January 2024

Climate change is expected to significantly alter hydrological regimes globally as well as locally. The impacts will encompass both long‐term changes in hydrological trends and short‐term extreme weather events. The need to anticipate and adapt to future changes will challenge legal rules and institutions, as these are bound to the past. This article analyses whether water law at international, EU and national (Finland) levels can deal with these hydrological changes. To this end, the analysis draws on a case study of the Finnish‐Russian transboundary Vuoksi River. We discuss the main substantive and procedural challenges of water law and outline some necessary legal changes. Our analysis shows that while water law at these levels includes some legal mechanisms for managing varying hydrological circumstances, these will prove insufficient in the light of the scale of anticipated hydrological changes.
The Impact of Flapping Trajectories on the Induced Thrust of a Single and Tandem Configuration Flapping Foil
Authors: Azad Duppala , Sunny Kumar A. , Ramana Menda Venkata , Swain Prafulla Kumar , Vadapalli Srinivas , Bommana Divakar
Published: January 2024

The development of propulsion devices by using the propulsive mechanisms of aquatic animals such as fish is a challenging task. An attempt has been made to replicate the fishtailed motion that caused thrust in the current investigation. At a low Reynolds number of Re = 1173, the propulsive performance of National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics 0012 flapping foils enduring distinct flapping trajectories (fishtailed and elliptical) is evaluated. A dynamic mesh arbitrary Lagrangian–Eulerian framework is used to understand the desired flapping motion of the foils while solving the flow via incompressible Navier–Stokes equations. Along with the flapping trajectory, the effects of the Strouhal number (St), inter-foils distance (Lx), and phase angle (φ) between the foils on the produced thrust are examined. The results demonstrate that using tandem configuration flapping foil with elliptical and fishtailed flapping can significantly increase the induced thrust and propulsive efficiency.
Analysis of Aerodynamic Loads on Heliostats at Operation Position Using Large Eddy Simulation and the Consistent Discrete Random Flow Generation Method
Authors: Durán R. L. , Hinojosa J. F. , Maytorena V. M. , Moreno S.
Published: January 2024

This study utilizes the large eddy simulation model (LES) and a synthetic method based on the Fourier technique called consistent discrete random flow generation (CDRFG) to analyze the peak aerodynamic loads on heliostats due to the atmospheric boundary layer. With the CDRFG technique, key flow parameters, including mean velocity profile, turbulent intensities, integral length scales, and turbulent spectra generated in wind tunnels, can be replicated while also satisfying the divergence-free condition. A three-facet heliostat with an elevation angle of α = 45 deg and the rear aligned to the inflow was analyzed. The heliostat behaves like a lifting surface in this orientation, accentuating the aerodynamic effect. The methodology proposed in this study can accurately reproduce flow statistics and predict the peak loads. Compared to experimental data, differences of 2.62% for drag, 7.43% for lift, and 11.0% for overturning were observed. Furthermore, the simulation reveals the generation of wingtip vortices on the sides of the heliostat, which contribute to the aerodynamic load. Overall, this technique has been demonstrated to be effective in replicating the atmospheric boundary layer and predicting the aerodynamic coefficients of heliostats.
Tribological Behavior of Direct Metal Laser Sintering–Manufactured Ti6Al4V Alloy in Different Biofluids for Orthopedic Implants
Authors: Goyal Vipin , Verma Girish
Published: January 2024

Ti6Al4V alloy is widely used in several engineering applications, especially in the biomedical field, because of its excellent biocompatibility, mechanical strength, and corrosion resistance. However, the Ti6Al4V alloy possesses poor tribological properties, which may lead to premature failure of the implants. From the available literature, it has been found that the wear properties of direct metal laser sintering (DMLS)-produced Ti6Al4V alloy in different lubrications have not been explored in detail. The present study tries to evaluate the tribological behavior of DMLS-manufactured Ti6Al4V alloy in different biofluid conditions, such as physiologic saline solution, simulated body fluid, and phosphate-buffered saline against an Al2O3 ball. Apart from the fluids, the effect of different load conditions like 5 N, 10 N, and 20 N at 0.157 m/s (500 rpm @ 6 mm track dia.) was also evaluated on the ball-on-disk tribometer. The experimental results have shown that the DMLS-produced Ti6AL4V alloy yields a 23% lower coefficient of friction and a 68% lower wear rate as compared to the cast Ti6Al4V. Additionally, cast and DMLS-produced Ti6Al4V alloys have followed the same wear trend for biofluids phosphate-buffered saline > simulated body fluid > physiologic saline solution. Analysis of variance (on the obtained results), field emission scanning electron microscopy, and electron dispersive spectroscopy were performed to investigate the reason behind the obtained wear behavior. The results have confirmed that the lesser wear of DMLS-produced Ti6Al4V is mainly due to its hydrophilic nature and higher hardness. Additionally, adhesion, abrasion, and oxidation were found to be the dominant wear mechanisms in both types of samples.
Alternative Spark Plug Electrode Materials for Economical, Reliable Engine Operation
Authors: Tilz Anton , Gruber Manuel , Harrer Walter , Engelmayer Michael , Fimml Wolfgang , Wimmer Andreas
Published: January 2024

Large gas engines used for power generation or transport rely on spark plugs to ignite the fuel-air mixture in the combustion chamber. One focus of recent development work has been on reducing emissions while enhancing the performance of the engine, and spark plugs have been identified as playing a crucial role in this evolution process. Spark plug development has contributed to reducing emissions and lowering fuel consumption. One key factor is the electrode material. For conventional high-performance spark plugs, which consist of precious metal electrodes (e.g., based on platinum or iridium), the potential for improvement is becoming limited. Due to their outstanding high-temperature stability, ceramic electrodes appear to be a promising alternative. The need for electrically conductive materials significantly limits the number of useable ceramics; further obstacles are their inherent brittleness and the challenge of attaching them to metals, which is indispensable for the intended application. This publication presents experiments in laboratory conditions with spark plugs equipped with ceramic electrodes. Ignition behavior tests and analysis of the secondary voltage trace of these spark plugs have yielded positive results, indicating the potential for future developments.
The Application of Argon-Oxygen Atmosphere to Investigate the Formation and Evolution of Fuel Nitrogen Oxides During the Oxidation of Hydrogen-Ammonia Fuel Mixtures Under Representative Engine In-Cylinder Conditions
Authors: Yan Yuchao , Yang Ruomiao , Ou Juan , Liu Zhentao , Liu Jinlong
Published: January 2024

In the face of climate change, reducing reliance on fossil fuels and transitioning to renewable energy sources is crucial. Ammonia, as a carbon-free and renewable fuel, exhibits significant potential as an alternative energy source. By incorporating hydrogen as an additive, its flammability can be improved to meet the requirements of existing spark ignition engines. However, comprehending the characteristics of nitrogen oxides (NOx) emissions resulting from the combustion of ammonia-hydrogen fuel blends poses challenges due to the contribution of both fuel NOx and thermal NOx. Therefore, gaining a comprehensive understanding of the fuel NOx behavior during ammonia-hydrogen combustion is of great importance. This paper focuses on investigating fuel NOx exclusively by utilizing an argon-oxygen atmosphere, which eliminates nitrogen from the oxidizer and its role in thermal NOx formation. The study conducts a fundamental investigation into the formation and evolution characteristics of fuel NOx during ammonia-hydrogen combustion under engine-like conditions. The findings indicate that fuel NOx acts as intermediate products, potentially originating from chemical equilibrium calculations. While fuel NO predominantly forms in the burning zone, it undergoes reduction in the burned zone, despite being the primary NOx species. N2O, absent in thermal NOx mechanisms, exhibits significant concentrations within the burning zone and is mostly converted to N2, resulting in limited N2O concentration in the ultimate NOx concentration. Lean burn conditions, hydrogen addition, and oxyfuel combustion all promote fuel NOx formation. Furthermore, the equivalence ratio influences the structure of the ammonia-hydrogen premixed flame due to the de-NOx effect of ammonia. Collectively, these findings highlight that fuel NOx mechanisms differ from thermal NOx mechanisms, necessitating distinct NOx reduction technologies to achieve low-NOx-emission spark ignition engines.
Cycle-by-Cycle Modeling of Integral Compressor Engines for Real-Time Emissions Control
Authors: Wallace Kevin , Jacobs Timothy J.
Published: January 2024

As emissions regulations become increasingly stringent, the natural gas industry is seeking to retrofit their integral compressor engine fleet with real-time emissions control technology. The primary pollutants of concern for these engines are oxides of nitrogen (NOx) and methane. Unfortunately, there is often a tradeoff in abating these two chemical species. This paper discusses a potential control strategy for reducing both simultaneously.

The strategy proposed in this work is two-tiered, consisting of slow-speed and cycle-by-cycle control of the fuel-air ratio. Its success hinges upon the ability to rapidly diagnose, learn, and predict the cycle-by-cycle thermodynamics and emissions of the engine. This work describes a zero-dimensional simulation created for this purpose. Simulated results for in-cylinder pressure and emissions are compared to experimental data for an actual engine.

The simulation achieved very good agreement with the measurements and performed very well as a diagnostic tool, which bodes well for both the first and second tiers of the proposed control strategy. Future work will involve cycle-by-cycle NOx modeling and investigating how the simulation can be used to learn and rapidly predict cycle-by-cycle composition.
Propyl Oxymethylene Ether-Ignited Natural Gas Dual Fuel Low Temperature Combustion – a Low Carbon Pathway for High Efficiencies and Low Emissions
Authors: Narayanan Abhinandhan , Mundy Stephen , Thothadri Hariraja , Gray Justin , Babu Yamini Baskara , Lucas Stephen , Windom Bret , Srinivasan Kalyan Kumar , Krishnan Sundar Rajan
Published: January 2024

Climate change concerns persisting with petroleum-based fuels and their propensity to produce high NOx and soot emissions have led researchers to investigate renewable low carbon fuels to power medium- and heavy-duty vehicles. The ease of synthesis and the highly oxygenated nature of oxymethylene ethers (OMEs with chemical structure: R-O-(CH2O)n-R’, where R and R’ are alkyl groups) have positioned them as a viable low soot producing, low carbon alternative to diesel. Previous investigations have shown that methyl-terminated OMEs such polyoxymethylene di-methyl ether (POMDME) can be used to ignite natural gas, virtually eliminating soot emissions while retaining the very low engine-out NOx emissions possible with diesel – natural gas dual fuel low temperature combustion (LTC). Substituting methyl groups with higher alkyl groups (e.g., propyl or butyl groups) to terminate these OMEs have shown an improvement in diesel blending properties while maintaining higher oxygen content and cetane number than diesel. In this study, the combustion characteristics of diesel and propyl oxymethylene ether (also known as P-1-P) were experimentally compared on a single cylinder engine. Engine performance and emissions were measured at different loads for pure diesel and pure P-1-P before proceeding to dual fuel RCCI of natural gas. P-1-P – natural gas RCCI experiments were performed at a constant load of 10 bar IMEPg and engine speed of 1339 rev/min. At this speed-load condition, the effect of engine operating parameters such as P-1-P injection timing, intake pressure, and rail pressure, on engine performance and emissions with P-1-P – natural gas dual fuel RCCI were characterized with a specific focus on identifying pathways for improving fuel conversion efficiencies without significant penalties in engine-out emissions or engine stability. The optimum efficiency-emissions tradeoff was achieved at a boost pressure of 1.75 bar, rail pressure of 1000 bar and 90% PES. An IFCE of ∼ 47% was observed at that operating condition, while maintaining ISCO and ISHC emissions at ∼5 and ∼11 g/kWh, respectively. ISNOx emissions were ∼0.05 g/kWh and smoke emissions in the range of 0.001 FSN were measured by an AVL smokemeter.
Combustion Performance and Emissions Characterization of Methane-Hydrogen Blends (Up to 50% by Vol.) in a Spark-Ignited CFR Engine
Authors: Loprete Jason , Ristow Hadlich Rodrigo , Sirna Amanda , Shaalan Amr , Assanis Dimitris
Published: January 2024

Finding alternatives to carbonaceous fuels has become a prime focus to support the global goal of decarbonizing the transportation sector. Hydrogen is a promising alternative fuel given that it is lightweight, and its combustion produces zero carbon dioxide. However, the absence of widespread dedicated hydrogen infrastructure for transportation, distribution and storage greatly limit its potential as the sole source of fuel for future vehicles. Instead, hydrogen can be readily blended with existing low-carbon fuels, such as natural gas, to enhance overall transportability and additionally improve combustion characteristics of operating devices. This manuscript explores the performance and emissions output of various methane-hydrogen blends, from pure methane to 50% hydrogen, by vol., performed over a range of fuel-air equivalence ratios ranging from the lean misfire limit to ϕ = 1.2. Tests were performed on a single-cylinder spark-ignited Cooperative Fuel Research (CFR) engine at a fixed compression ratio and engine speed. Even with hydrogen’s lower energy density, initial results show an ability to maintain the same output as the pure methane case over several different blend ratios. A two-phase heat release was observed and attributed to the differences in methane and hydrogen’s reactivity. Notably, peak cylinder temperatures and NOx emissions increased as hydrogen blend ratio increased. Lower overall CO emissions were observed with increasing hydrogen blend ratio as the combustion efficiency increased with increasing hydrogen blend percentage. CO2 emissions were observed to decrease in proportion to the amount of carbon displacement in the fuel blend as the hydrogen blend percentage increased. Overall, using hydrogen as a combustion-enhancer for low-carbon fuels is a viable option as both combustion performance improves and emissions are reduced — all while resolving the significant infrastructure issues pure hydrogen faces.
Bottom angle control mechanism and optimization of slanted gratings for optical applications
Authors: Gao Jiuru , Liu Chanjuan , He Zhiwei , Dong Shuo , Xu Kaidong , Zhuang Shiwei
Published: January 2024

Slanted gratings serve as a crucial component in the optical waveguide couplers utilized in augmented virtual reality (AVR) devices. The flat bottom surface of slanted gratings ensures excellent diffraction efficiency of the couplers. However, achieving a flat bottom surface during the fabrication process poses challenges. This study presents a comprehensive investigation on the process control of the bottom angle using both simulation predictions based on available process parameters and experimental methods. The results obtained from the experimental procedures clearly demonstrate that the bottom angle is significantly influenced by the angular dependence of etching yield. Various ion incident energies and Ar/CHF3 gas components were employed to modulate the angular dependence of etching yield, thereby controlling the bottom angle in the reactive ion beam etching system. The effects of the ion incident energies and the flow ratios of the Ar/CHF3 gases on the bottom angle were thoroughly investigated. The findings of this study provide valuable insights for manufacturing slanted gratings and contribute to the advancement of AVR technology.
Jens Christian Skou (1918–2018)
Authors: Nissen Poul
Published: January 2024

A pioneer in the biochemistry of membrane proteins
“Smart markets”: harnessing the potential of new technologies for endemic and emerging infectious disease surveillance in traditional food markets
Authors: Sievers Benjamin L. , Siegers Jurre Y. , Cadènes Jimmy M. , Hyder Sudipta , Sparaciari Frida E. , Claes Filip , Firth Cadhla , Horwood Paul F. , Karlsson Erik A.
Published: January 2024

Fast detection and rapid intervention are crucial to mitigate risks of pathogen emergence, spillover and spread—every second counts. However, comprehensive, active, longitudinal surveillance systems at high-risk interfaces that provide real-time data for action remain lacking. This paper proposes "smart market" systems harnessing cutting-edge tools and a range of sampling techniques, including wastewater and air collection, multiplex assays, and metagenomic sequencing. Coupled with robust response pathways, these systems could better enable Early Warning and bolster prevention efforts.
Antiviral action of a functionalized plastic surface against human coronaviruses
Authors: Shroff Sailee , Haapakoski Marjo , Tapio Kosti , Laajala Mira , Leppänen Miika , Plavec Zlatka , Haapala Antti , Butcher Sarah J. , Ihalainen Janne A. , Toppari J. Jussi , Marjomäki Varpu
Published: January 2024

Viruses may persist on solid surfaces for long periods, which may contribute to indirect transmission. Thus, it is imperative to develop functionalized surfaces that will lower the infectious viral load in everyday life. Here, we have tested a plastic surface functionalized with tall oil rosin against the seasonal human coronavirus OC43 as well as severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2. All tested non-functionalized plastic surfaces showed virus persistence up to 48 h. In contrast, the functionalized plastic showed good antiviral action already within 15 min of contact and excellent efficacy after 30 min over 90% humidity. Excellent antiviral effects were also observed at lower humidities of 20% and 40%. Despite the hydrophilic nature of the functionalized plastic, viruses did not adhere strongly to it. According to helium ion microscopy, viruses appeared flatter on the rosin-functionalized surface, but after flushing away from the rosin-functionalized surface, they showed no apparent structural changes when imaged by transmission electron microscopy of cryogenic or negatively stained specimens or by atomic force microscopy. Flushed viruses were able to bind to their host cell surface and enter endosomes, suggesting that the fusion with the endosomal membrane was halted. The eluted rosin from the functionalized surface demonstrated its ability to inactivate viruses, indicating that the antiviral efficacy relied on the active leaching of the antiviral substances, which acted on the viruses coming into contact. The rosin-functionalized plastic thus serves as a promising candidate as an antiviral surface for enveloped viruses.

IMPORTANCE

During seasonal and viral outbreaks, the implementation of antiviral plastics can serve as a proactive strategy to limit the spread of viruses from contaminated surfaces, complementing existing hygiene practices. In this study, we show the efficacy of a rosin-functionalized plastic surface that kills the viral infectivity of human coronaviruses within 15 min of contact time, irrespective of the humidity levels. In contrast, non-functionalized plastic surfaces retain viral infectivity for an extended period of up to 48 h. The transient attachment on the surface or the leached active components do not cause major structural changes in the virus or prevent receptor binding; instead, they effectively block viral infection at the endosomal stage.
Erratum to: The Creation of Complex Multi-Component Models of Mössbauer Spectra Based on the Example of a Study of Hyperfine Interactions in Quasi-Binary Alloys with the Laves Phase Structure
Authors: Matsnev M. E. , Rusakov V. S.
Published: January 2024

An Erratum to this paper has been published: https://doi.org/10.1134/S0031918X23550033
Determination of the strong-coupling constant from the Z-boson transverse-momentum distribution
Authors: Camarda Stefano , Ferrera Giancarlo , Schott Matthias
Published: January 2024

The strong-coupling constant is determined from the low-momentum region of the transverse-momentum distribution of Z bosons produced through the Drell–Yan process, using predictions at third order in perturbative QCD. The analysis employs a measurement performed in proton-antiproton collisions at a centre-of-mass energy of $$\sqrt{s} = 1.96$$

s

=
1.96

TeV with the CDF experiment. The determined value of the strong coupling at the reference scale corresponding to the Z-boson mass is $$\alpha _S(m_Z)= 0.1191^{+0.0013}_{-0.0016}$$

α
S

(

m
Z

)

=
0
.

1191

-
0.0016

+
0.0013

.
Comparative analysis of standard mathematical modeling approaches to solve Einstein’s field equations in spherically symmetric static background for compact stars
Authors: Gedela Satyanarayana , Bisht Ravindra K.
Published: January 2024

This study examines Einstein’s field equations in the context of general relativity, comparing five distinct methodologies: (a) vanishing complexity, (b) embedding class one or the Karmarkar condition, (c) conformally flat spacetime, (d) conformal killing symmetry, and (e) the Karmarkar scalar condition. The first four methods reveal a significant connection between two metric potentials, while the fifth method provides a coordinate-independent condition expressed in terms of structural scalars. The paper provides a comprehensive comparative analysis of a new exact solution derived by assuming a common metric function and solving the remaining metric functions through corresponding bridge equations to evaluate their effectiveness and validity. Critical parameters such as thermodynamic factors, causality conditions, stability, and mass function analysis are investigated.
Litho- and biostratigraphy and hydrocarbon source-rock potential of the Jurassic–Paleogene strata in the Kala Chitta Range, northwestern Himalayas, Pakistan
Authors: Ahmad Sajjad , Ahmad Faizan , Raza Sohail , Khan Suleman , Wadood Bilal , Mohibullah Mohibullah
Published: January 2024

In this study Jurassic–Paleogene strata were investigated to understand the litho- and biostratigraphic framework and hydrocarbon source-rock potential of various stratal packages. Biostratigraphic controls were used to establish the chronostratigraphic framework of Jurassic–Paleogene strata in the area. The Lower Jurassic (Hettangian) clastics saw an unconformity during the Sinemurian–Pliensbachian, while the Lower Jurassic (Toarcian)–Middle Jurassic (Bajocian) clastic–carbonate mixed strata is also separated by a Bathonian unconformity from the Middle Jurassic (Callovian) to the Upper Jurassic (Tithonian) carbonate sequence. The Upper Jurassic Oxfordian strata are missing, while the Upper Jurassic (Kimmeridgian)–Lower Cretaceous (Valanginian) glauconitic sandstone and clays are the conformable sequences. The Lower Cretaceous (Hauterivian)–Upper Cretaceous (Turonian) clastics is a conformable sequence that is separated by a Coniacian–Santonian unconformity from the Upper Cretaceous (Campanian) pelagic carbonates. The Cretaceous–Tertiary boundary is marked by laterites, while the Paleocene (Thanetian) sequence is represented by a shale- and sandstone-dominated sequence. The Paleocene (Thanetian)–Early Eocene (Ilerdian) siliciclastic–carbonate mixed sequence marks the last episode of Tethyan sedimentation. Total organic content (TOC), organic petrography and Rock-Eval pyrolysis (REP) techniques were used to evaluate the hydrocarbon source-rock potential, kerogen type and level of maturity of the hydrocarbons. The majority of studied samples show the occurrence of type IV kerogen. However, the Middle Jurassic (Callovian)–Upper Jurassic (Tithonian) carbonate sequence of the Samana Suk Formation, the Kimmeridgian–Valanginian Chichali Formation, the Paleocene (Thanetian) sequence of the Hangu Formation and the Paleocene (Thanetian)–Early Eocene (Ilerdian) Patala Formation confirms the Type III kerogen, poor–fair source-rock quality, immature–mature, gas- and oil-prone indigenous hydrocarbon occurrence in the region.
Learning to Control Complex Robots Using High-Dimensional Body-Machine Interfaces
Authors: Lee Jongmin , Gebrekristos Temesgen , De Santis Dalia , Nejati-Javaremi Mahdieh , Gopinath Deepak , Parikh Biraj , Mussa-Ivaldi Ferdinando , Argall Brenna
Published: January 2024

When individuals are paralyzed from injury or damage to the brain, upper body movement and function can be compromised. While the use of body motions to interface with machines has shown to be an effective noninvasive strategy to provide movement assistance and to promote physical rehabilitation, learning to use such interfaces to control complex machines is not well understood. In a five session study, we demonstrate that a subset of an uninjured population is able to learn and improve their ability to use a high-dimensional Body-Machine Interface (BoMI), to control a robotic arm. We use a sensor net of four inertial measurement units, placed bilaterally on the upper body, and a BoMI with the capacity to directly control a robot in six dimensions. We consider whether the way in which the robot control space is mapped from human inputs has any impact on learning. Our results suggest that the space of robot control does play a role in the evolution of human learning: specifically, though robot control in joint space appears to be more intuitive initially, control in task space is found to have a greater capacity for longer-term improvement and learning. Our results further suggest that there is an inverse relationship between control dimension couplings and task performance.
Phonetics of Early Bilingualism
Authors: Amengual Mark
Published: January 2024

This article presents an overview of recent research on the phonetics of early bilinguals, individuals who have acquired both of their languages early in life, by either growing up being exposed to two languages since birth (i.e., simultaneous bilinguals) or having initially learned their first language with the second language introduced at a later stage during their childhood (i.e., early sequential or successive/consecutive bilinguals). This review puts forth empirical evidence from methodologically and theoretically diverse studies on the phonetics of early bilingualism and considers explanations for the observed patterns of cross-linguistic influence on the production, perception, and processing of sounds in both of their languages. Throughout, this article discusses the critical significance of early linguistic experience on bilingual speech patterns, how early-onset bilinguals perceive speech sounds in each language, bilinguals’ phonetic abilities when producing language-specific segmental and suprasegmental features, and the dynamic nature of cross-language sound interactions in early bilingual speech.
NIMBYs, YIMBYs, and the Politics of Land Use in American Cities
Authors: Brouwer N.R. , Trounstine Jessica
Published: January 2024

Debates over the development and density of housing have gained visibility in recent years as housing costs have skyrocketed in many metropolitan areas. With those who seek to limit development (NIMBYs) on one side and those who seek to promote it (YIMBYs) on the other, scholarly attention has turned to understanding preferences and power in the politics of development. This article reviews scholarship relating to the politics of land use. After discussing the history of land use regulation, we describe who the important actors are (and, generally, what they want) in the politics of land use; we explain the distribution of power and inequality in the politics of land use; and we briefly review how land use regulation affects other societal outcomes. We end with a set of unanswered political questions that could push the field forward.
Fatty acid metabolism promotes TRPV4 activity in lung microvascular endothelial cells in pulmonary arterial hypertension
Authors: Philip Nicolas , Yun Xin , Pi Hongyang , Murray Samuel , Hill Zack , Fonticella Jay , Perez Preston , Zhang Cissy , Pathmasiri Wimal , Sumner Susan , Servinsky Laura , Jiang Haiyang , Huetsch John C. , Oldham William M. , Visovatti Scott , Leary Peter J. , Gharib Sina A. , Brittain Evan , Simpson Catherine E. , Le Anne , Shimoda Larissa A. , Suresh Karthik
Published: January 2024

In this paper, we explore the link between metabolism and intracellular calcium levels in microvascular endothelial cells (MVECs) in pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). We show that fatty acid oxidation promotes sensitivity of the transient receptor potential vanilloid-4 (TRPV4) calcium channel in MVECs isolated from a rodent model of PAH.
Diurnal Variation Characteristics of Raindrop Size Distribution Observed by a Parsivel2 Disdrometer in the Ili River Valley
Authors: Jiang Yufei , Yang Lianmei , Li Jiangang , Zeng Yong , Tong Zepeng , Li Xiaomeng , Li Haoyang
Published: January 2024

The diurnal variation characteristics of raindrop size distribution (RSD) in the Ili River Valley are investigated in this study, using the RSD data from May to September during 2020-2021 collected by a Parsivel2 disdrometer in Zhaosu. Significant diurnal variations (02–07, 08–13, 14–19, and 20-01 local standard time (LST)) of precipitation and RSD in Zhaosu are revealed during the rainy seasons. Precipitation mainly occurs in the late afternoon and early evening. A higher concentration of small raindrops is observed in the morning, whereas more mid-size and large raindrops are observed in the afternoon. The RSD exhibits diurnal differences between different rainfall rate classes; the diurnal difference of RSD is more pronounced in the case of high rainfall rates. Stratiform precipitation can occur at any time of the day, yet convective precipitation mainly occurs during the late afternoon and early evening. The RSD of stratiform rainfall shows a similar distribution over the four time periods. For convective rainfall, the concentration of small raindrops is the highest (lowest) over 02–07 (14–19) LST, while the highest (lowest) concentration of medium and large drops is observed over 14–19 (02–07) LST. Convective rain in the Ili River Valley over 14–19 LST can be characterized as the continental convective cluster, while in the rest time of the day, it is neither in the maritime cluster nor in the continental cluster. The empirical relationships between the radar reflectivity factor and rainfall rate (Z-R) for stratiform and convective rain types are also derived. The purpose of this study is to advance our understanding of precipitation microphysics in arid mountainous region.
Anterolateral Thigh Flap Reconstruction of Full Thickness Lateral Abdominal Wall Defect from Desmoid Tumour
Authors: Yeo Melissa
Published: January 2024

Desmoid tumours are benign but locally aggressive mesenchymal neoplasms that occur most commonly in the abdomen, with the potential to invade surrounding structures causing significant morbidity. Lateral abdominal wall defects are known to be more challenging and less frequently encountered compared to ventral abdominal wall defects. Asymmetric forces caused by contraction of remnant rectus and contralateral oblique muscles increase the risk of herniation postoperatively. We report a case of a challenging abdominal wall reconstruction after desmoid tumour resection in a 62‐year‐old male patient who presented to our hospital with a progressively enlarging left upper back lump of 6 months duration. A venous supercharged pedicled anterolateral thigh flap was combined with PROLENE® mesh for reconstruction, and the patient recovered well with good functional and aesthetic outcomes at 2‐year follow‐up. The pedicled anterolateral thigh flap with venous supercharging can be effectively used for the reconstruction of extensive lateral abdominal wall defects.
Simulation Research on the Performance of PEMEC with Single Channel Flow Field Established by Orthogonally Sinusoidal Function with Different Amplitudes and Angular Frequencies
Authors: Yang Dehui , Wang Hongyu , Li Yuanyuan , Liu Menghan , Han Jinyan , Huang Naibao
Published: January 2024

As one of the main hydrogen production devices, the performance of the proton exchange membrane electrolytic cell (PEMEC) is directly related to the geometric design of the flow channel. In this paper, a new orthogonally sinusoidal channel with periodic fluctuations in both horizontal and vertical planes is proposed. The effects of amplitude and angular frequency in two orthogonally sinusoidal channels with the same or opposite frequency on PEMEC performance are studied by numerical simulation. The results show that the spatial amplitude and angular frequency effectively improve the electrochemical performance and mass transfer performance of PEMEC. Compared with Case 1‐1, the polarization performance of Case 7‐2 is increased by 16.39% because of the largest spatial amplitude. The oxygen content at 40 mm away from the inlet in the diffusion layer is also decreased by 42.63%. The horizontal angular frequency can increase the hydrogen content by 11.07% at most in Case 5‐2. However, the increase in vertical angle frequency will inhibit the oxygen removal on the anode side. The sinusoidal flow channel in orthogonal spaces will provide a particular reference for the design of PEMEC in the future.
A Manipulator Pose Planning Algorithm Based on Matrix Information Geometry
Authors: Duan Xiaomin , Mu Anqi , Guo Hao , Zhao Xinyu
Published: January 2024

In an automatic ultrasonic testing system constituted by an ultrasonic probe and a six-axis manipulator, the manipulator needs to run from a static state to the target velocity. To prevent equipment damage caused by sudden acceleration or deceleration, it is necessary to plan the position and pose of the end effector of the manipulator at each detected point. In this manuscript, an algorithm for planning the position and pose of the manipulator is proposed based on the information geometry structure of special orthogonal groups. As the linear operation of the orthogonal matrix corresponding to the manipulator pose is not closed, the manipulator pose at each detected point was calculated using the straightness of the Lie algebra of the special orthogonal group. The matrix information geometry algorithm enabled not only the manipulator to accelerate and decelerate uniformly along the detection trajectory, but also the angular acceleration of the end effector to accelerate uniformly at first, then keep a uniform velocity, and finally decelerate uniformly. The platform motion experiments with the Turin TKB070S six-axis manipulator are carried out to verify the effectiveness of the matrix information geometry algorithm for planning the pose of the manipulator.
Mice Recognise Mice in Neighbouring Rearing Cages and Change Their Social Behaviour
Authors: Ueno Hiroshi , Takahashi Yu , Mori Sachiko , Murakami Shinji , Wani Kenta , Matsumoto Yosuke , Okamoto Motoi , Ishihara Takeshi
Published: January 2024

Mice are social animals that change their behaviour primarily in response to visual, olfactory, and auditory information from conspecifics. Rearing conditions such as cage size and colour are important factors influencing mouse behaviour. In recent years, transparent plastic cages have become standard breeding cages. The advantage of using a transparent cage is that the experimenter can observe the mouse from outside the cage without touching the cage. However, mice may recognise the environment outside the cage and change their behaviour. We speculated that mice housed in transparent cages might recognise mice in neighbouring cages. We used only male mice in this experiment. C57BL/6 mice were kept in transparent rearing cages with open lids, and the cage positions were maintained for 3 weeks. Subsequently, we examined how mice behaved toward cagemate mice, mice from neighbouring cages, and mice from distant cages. We compared the level of interest in mice using a social preference test. Similar to previous reports, subject mice showed a high degree of interest in unfamiliar mice from distant cages. By contrast, subject mice reacted to mice from neighbouring cages as familiar mice, similar to cagemate mice. This suggests that mice housed in transparent cages with open lids perceive the external environment and identify mice in neighbouring cages. Researchers should pay attention to the environment outside the mouse cage, especially for the social preference test.
Performance Analysis of Thermal and Surface Roughness Effect of Slider Bearings with Unsteady Fluid Film Lubricant Using Finite Element Method
Authors: Tessema Girma Desu , Derese Getachew Adamu , Tiruneh Awoke Andargie
Published: January 2024

The streamline upwind Petrov‐Galerkin (SUPG) finite element method was used in this study to investigate the thermal and surface roughness effects on an inclined slider bearing with an unsteady fluid film. One‐dimensional transverse and longitudinal surface roughness models were considered with the supposition that roughness is stochastic and has a Gaussian random distribution. For simplicity of numerical computation, the irregularity caused by the texture of the surface is transformed into a regular domain. The bearing performance of the combined effect is lower than the thermal and surface roughness effects of the one‐dimensional longitudinal surface roughness for all modified Reynolds numbers of nonparallel slider bearings; this means that for nonparallel (w = 0.4) between the surface roughness effect and the combined effect condition, there is a decrease of 13% in load‐carrying capacity performance and a minimal change in friction force, respectively. However, in the case of nonparallel one‐dimensional transverse type slider bearings, the bearing performance of the thermal effect is lower than the combined and surface roughness effects for all modified Reynolds numbers, where between the combined effect and the thermal effect condition, there is a reduction of 19% in load‐carrying capacity performance and 2% in friction force practically for all changed Reynolds values, respectively. Furthermore, the combined effects at various temperatures have been investigated. As a result, in both longitudinal and transverse models, in the case of the pad temperature being lower than the slider, the load‐carrying capacity performance is higher than in other cases for nonparallel slider bearings, whereas when the slider temperature is lower than the pad temperature, the drag frictional force is the leading one in both models. In general, considering surface texture and inertial effects will increase the performance of a slider. The results obtained are displayed using figures and tables.
Table S8 from Glucose Deprivation Promotes Pseudohypoxia and Dedifferentiation in Lung Adenocarcinoma
Authors: Saggese Pasquale , Pandey Aparamita , Alcaraz Martín , Fung Eileen , Hall Abbie , Yanagawa Jane , Rodriguez Erika F. , Grogan Tristan R. , Giurato Giorgio , Nassa Giovanni , Salvati Annamaria , Shirihai Orian S. , Weisz Alessandro , Dubinett Steven M. , Scafoglio Claudio
Published: January 2024

Table S8
Figure S1-S8 from Spatial and Single-Cell Transcriptomics Reveal a Cancer-Associated Fibroblast Subset in HNSCC That Restricts Infiltration and Antitumor Activity of CD8+ T Cells
Authors: Li Chuwen , Guo Haiyan , Zhai Peisong , Yan Ming , Liu Chun , Wang Xiaoning , Shi Chaoji , Li Jiang , Tong Tong , Zhang Zhiyuan , Ma Hailong , Zhang Jianjun
Published: January 2024

This file includes Figure S1-S8 and their figure legends.
Table S4 from Glucose Deprivation Promotes Pseudohypoxia and Dedifferentiation in Lung Adenocarcinoma
Authors: Saggese Pasquale , Pandey Aparamita , Alcaraz Martín , Fung Eileen , Hall Abbie , Yanagawa Jane , Rodriguez Erika F. , Grogan Tristan R. , Giurato Giorgio , Nassa Giovanni , Salvati Annamaria , Shirihai Orian S. , Weisz Alessandro , Dubinett Steven M. , Scafoglio Claudio
Published: January 2024

Table S4
Data S1 from Erythroid Differentiation Enhances RNA Mis-Splicing in SF3B1-Mutant Myelodysplastic Syndromes with Ring Sideroblasts
Authors: Moura Pedro L. , Mortera-Blanco Teresa , Hofman Isabel J. , Todisco Gabriele , Kretzschmar Warren W. , Björklund Ann-Charlotte , Creignou Maria , Hagemann-Jensen Michael , Ziegenhain Christoph , Cabrerizo Granados David , Barbosa Indira , Walldin Gunilla , Jansson Monika , Ashley Neil , Mead Adam J. , Lundin Vanessa , Dimitriou Marios , Yoshizato Tetsuichi , Woll Petter S. , Ogawa Seishi , Sandberg Rickard , Jacobsen Sten Eirik W. , Hellström-Lindberg Eva
Published: January 2024

Descriptive statistics, deidentified clinical and experiment map of patients and healthy donors included in the study
Figure S6 from Glucose Deprivation Promotes Pseudohypoxia and Dedifferentiation in Lung Adenocarcinoma
Authors: Saggese Pasquale , Pandey Aparamita , Alcaraz Martín , Fung Eileen , Hall Abbie , Yanagawa Jane , Rodriguez Erika F. , Grogan Tristan R. , Giurato Giorgio , Nassa Giovanni , Salvati Annamaria , Shirihai Orian S. , Weisz Alessandro , Dubinett Steven M. , Scafoglio Claudio
Published: January 2024

Figure S6
Supplementary Table 3 from Integration of Pan-Cancer Single-Cell and Spatial Transcriptomics Reveals Stromal Cell Features and Therapeutic Targets in Tumor Microenvironment
Authors: Du Yanhua , Shi Jintong , Wang Jiaxin , Xun Zhenzhen , Yu Zhuo , Sun Hongxiang , Bao Rujuan , Zheng Junke , Li Zhigang , Ye Youqiong
Published: January 2024

Supplementary Table 3
Figure S1 from Integration of Pan-Cancer Single-Cell and Spatial Transcriptomics Reveals Stromal Cell Features and Therapeutic Targets in Tumor Microenvironment
Authors: Du Yanhua , Shi Jintong , Wang Jiaxin , Xun Zhenzhen , Yu Zhuo , Sun Hongxiang , Bao Rujuan , Zheng Junke , Li Zhigang , Ye Youqiong
Published: January 2024

Figure S1
Abstract A019: Neoplastic co-option of epithelial-immune interactions in pancreatic cancer
Authors: Alonso-Curbelo Direna
Published: January 2024

Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is initiated by a complex interplay between genetic and environmental insults that induce a marked remodeling of the pancreatic epithelium and its immune cell landscape. These tissue changes are highly reminiscent of wound healing responses, yet they critically contribute to disease pathogenesis. How regenerative tissue plasticity is co-opted to drive PDAC pathogenesis remains poorly understood. Our recent work identified cancer-associated chromatin alterations in the pre-malignant pancreatic epithelium that are induced by cooperative effects of mutant KRAS and tissue damage (inflammation). These synergistic processes aberrantly activate several cell communication factors, such as IL-33, that establish an expansive communication network among selective KRAS-mutant subpopulations and their immune environment that contributes to tumor development (Alonso-Curbelo et al., Nature 2021; Burdziak*, Alonso-Curbelo* et al., Science 2023). These epigenetically-activated communication networks are not shared with physiological regenerative processes, and represent a molecular groundwork to understand (onco)gene-environment cooperation and identify early, tumor-specific cancer mechanisms. They also provide new opportunities at the intersection of cancer biology, epigenetics and immuno-oncology for exploiting cell-cell communication traits of early KRAS-mutant cells and their niches to block the emergence and progression of neoplastic lineages. To address these questions, we are integrating single-cell genomics profiling, functional perturbations, and multiplexed tissue analyses to identify early molecular programs responsible for co-opting immune responses in PDAC, define how these shape influence tumor evolution, and identify crosstalk networks sustaining disease maintenance. Ultimately, a deeper mechanistic understanding of how early epigenetic dysregulation directs regenerative immune responses towards cancer will expose new therapeutic concepts to selectively target pro-tumor inflammation without impairing homeostatic tissue responses.

Citation Format: Direna Alonso-Curbelo. Neoplastic co-option of epithelial-immune interactions in pancreatic cancer [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference in Cancer Research: Pancreatic Cancer; 2023 Sep 27-30; Boston, Massachusetts. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2024;84(2 Suppl):Abstract nr A019.