bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
PATIENTS WITH HAEMOGLOBINOPATHIES AND CHRONIC HEPATITIS C: A REALLY DIFFICULT TO TREAT POPULATION IN 2016?
Authors: Zachou Kalliopi , Arvaniti Pinelopi , Gatselis Nikolaos K. , Azariadis Kalliopi , Papadamou Georgia , Rigopoulou Eirini , Dalekos George N.
Published: December 2016

Background & objectives: In the past, patients with haemoglobinopathies were at high risk for acquiring hepatitis C virus (HCV) due to multiple transfusions before HCV screening. In these patients the coexistence of haemochromatosis and chronic hepatitis C (CHC) often leads to more severe liver disease. We assessed the HCV prevalence, clinical characteristics and outcome in this setting with particular attention to the response to treatment including therapies with the new direct acting antivirals (DAAs).Methods: The medical records of 81 consecutive patients followed the last 15 years were reviewed retrospectively.Results: 43/81 (53%) patients were anti-HCV positive including 31/43 (72.1%) with CHC (HCV-RNA positive; age 25±7 years; 45.2% with genotype 1b; 19.4% cirrhotics; baseline ferritin 887 ng/ml; range: 81-10.820).  Thirty patients received IFN-based therapy with or without ribavirin with sustained virological response (SVR) in 14/30 (46.7%).   Eleven patients (9 non-responders to IFN-based therapies, 1 relapser and 1 naïve) received treatment with DAAs (SVR: 100%). 3/11 patients increased their transfusion needs while 1/11 reported mild arthralgias. No drug-drug interactions between DAAs and chelation agents were observed as attested by the stability of ferritin levels during treatment. Conclusions: More than 1/3 of patients with haemoglobinopathies suffered from CHC. Response rates to antiviral treatment seem to be similar to other patients with CHC, while treatment with DAAs was very effective and safe even in difficult to treat patients (most null responders with severe fibrosis) suggesting that this group of HCV patients should no longer be regarded as a difficult to treat.
Mechanism of valve failure and efficacy of reintervention through catheterization in patients with bioprosthetic valves in the pulmonary position
Authors: Callahan Ryan , Bergersen Lisa , Baird Christopher W , Porras Diego , Esch Jesse J , Lock James E , Marshall Audrey C
Published: December 2016

Background:

Surgical and transcatheter bioprosthetic valves (BPVs) in the pulmonary position in patients with congenital heart disease may ultimately fail and undergo transcatheter reintervention. Angiographic assessment of the mechanism of BPV failure has not been previously described.

Aims:

The aim of this study was to determine the mode of BPV failure (stenosis/regurgitation) requiring transcatheter reintervention and to describe the angiographic characteristics of the failed BPVs and report the types and efficacy of reinterventions.

Materials and Methods:

This is a retrospective single-center review of consecutive patients who previously underwent pulmonary BPV placement (surgical or transcatheter) and subsequently underwent percutaneous reintervention from 2005 to 2014.

Results:

Fifty-five patients with surgical (41) and transcutaneous pulmonary valve (TPV) (14) implantation of BPVs underwent 66 catheter reinterventions. The surgically implanted valves underwent fifty reinterventions for indications including 16 for stenosis, seven for regurgitation, and 27 for both, predominantly associated with leaflet immobility, calcification, and thickening. Among TPVs, pulmonary stenosis (PS) was the exclusive failure mode, mainly due to loss of stent integrity (10) and endocarditis (4). Following reintervention, there was a reduction of right ventricular outflow tract gradient from 43 ± 16 mmHg to 16 ± 10 mmHg (P < 0.001) and RVp/AO ratio from 0.8 ± 0.2 to 0.5 ± 0.2 (P < 0.001). Reintervention with TPV placement was performed in 45 (82%) patients (34 surgical, 11 transcatheter) with no significant postintervention regurgitation or paravalvular leak.

Conclusion:

Failing surgically implanted BPVs demonstrate leaflet calcification, thickness, and immobility leading to PS and/or regurgitation while the mechanism of TPV failure in the short- to mid-term is stenosis, mainly from loss of stent integrity. This can be effectively treated with a catheter-based approach, predominantly with the valve-in-valve technique.
Rheumatic heart disease screening
Authors: Dougherty Scott , Khorsandi Maziar , Herbst Philip
Published: December 2016

Rheumatic heart disease (RHD) is a disease of poverty, is almost entirely preventable, and is the most common cardiovascular disease worldwide in those under 25 years. RHD is caused by acute rheumatic fever (ARF) which typically results in cumulative valvular lesions that may present clinically after a number of years of subclinical disease. Therapeutic interventions, therefore, typically focus on preventing subsequent ARF episodes (with penicillin prophylaxis). However, not all patients with ARF develop symptoms and not all symptomatic cases present to a physician or are correctly diagnosed. Therefore, if we hope to control ARF and RHD at the population level, we need a more reliable discriminator of subclinical disease. Recent studies have examined the utility of echocardiographic screening, which is far superior to auscultation at detecting RHD. However, there are many concerns surrounding this approach. Despite the introduction of the World Heart Federation diagnostic criteria in 2012, we still do not really know what constitutes the most subtle changes of RHD by echocardiography. This poses serious problems regarding whom to treat and what to do with the rest, both important decisions with widespread implications for already stretched health-care systems. In addition, issues ranging from improving the uptake of penicillin prophylaxis in ARF/RHD-positive patients, improving portable echocardiographic equipment, understanding the natural history of subclinical RHD and how it might respond to penicillin, and developing simplified diagnostic criteria that can be applied by nonexperts, all need to be effectively tackled before routine widespread screening for RHD can be endorsed.
Modified closed chamber sutureless technique for anomalous pulmonary venous connection
Authors: Menon Sabarinath , Mathew Thomas , Karunakaran Jayakumar , Dharan Baiju Sashidhar
Published: December 2016

Visibility continues to be a major problem during repair of obstructed total anomalous pulmonary venous connection (TAPVC) resulting in frequent use of deep hypothermia and low flow bypass. Sutureless technique for primary repair of anomalous pulmonary venous connection is fast becoming popular. In this described modification of sutureless technique through the lateral approach, the left atrium is marsupialized around the common pulmonary venous chamber, except on the right lateral aspect, providing a bloodless field with minimal retraction of heart facilitating the surgery at mild hypothermia. This technique can be particularly useful in small confluence obstructed TAPVC and in mixed TAPVC.
Interventional therapy for partial anomalous pulmonary venous connection with dual drainage
Authors: Gupta Saurabh Kumar , Saxena Anita , Juneja Rajnish
Published: December 2016

A 6-year-old boy presented with dual drainage of left upper pulmonary vein, with connection to innominate vein inaddition to its normal connection to the left atrium. Despite relief of aortic stenosis at the age of 3 years, significant left to right shunt persisted. The dual drainage allowed successful percutaneous closure of the levoatriocardinal vein without obstruction to the pulmonary venous flow to the left atrium.
Ectopic Anterior Mediastinal Pathology in the Chest: Radiologic-pathologic Correlation of Unexpected Encounters with the “Terrible Ts”
Authors: Rashidfarokhi Mahsan , Gupta Jessica , Leytin Anatoly , Epelbaum Oleg
Published: December 2016

The complex embryology of the anterior mediastinum makes it home to an array of primary neoplasms tied to the presence of the thyroid and thymus glands in that compartment. While the occurrence of ectopic thyroid deposits in the extramediastinal thorax has not been convincingly established, the other three “Ts” of the classic “4T” mnemonic for the differential diagnosis of an anterior mediastinal mass have occurred in the lung parenchyma, pleural space, and endobronchially as primary tumors. Finding any of the three lesions – thymoma, teratoma, or B-cell lymphoma – in the chest outside the mediastinum is very unusual, but that possibility exists. Herein, we illustrate examples of this rare phenomenon.
Speech level shift in Japanese and Slovene
Authors: BAJRAMI Jasmina
Published: December 2016

In verbal communication, we always aim to establish and maintain harmonious relations with others. Proper use of expressions and the choice of the way we speak are closely connected with politeness. In Japanese speech level is a level of formality or politeness in conversation, which is expressed by the use of linguistic forms (formal vs. informal) within and at the end of an utterance and the use of honorific expressions. In Slovene the level of formality or politeness in conversation is mainly expressed by the use of formal language and general colloquial language. Speech level shift is a shift from one speech level to another – e.g. from a formal style to an informal, etc. According to previous research, these shifts express speaker's psychological distance and a change of attitude towards a hearer. In this paper I will first briefly present the theoretical framework of politeness and an outline of speech levels in Japanese and Slovene. I will then present the data and the method used in this study. Finally, I will present and discuss the results of the analysis of both Japanese and Slovene conversation.
Z dogovorom do poenotene rabe strokovnega izrazja na področju vzgoje in izobraževanja – primer PIAAC
Authors: Muršak Janko
Published: December 2016

Slovenski pedagog prof. dr. V. Schmidt je svoje študente pogosto opozarjal na pomen strokovnega izrazja za vsako znanost. Temeljni pogoj za to, da bi lahko govorili o znanstveni disciplini, znanosti, je namreč, da ta razvije svojo terminologijo, izdela enoznačni pojmovni aparat. Žal se vse pogosteje znajdemo v situaciji, ko se razvoj terminologije skrči na vprašanja prevajanja (pogosto celo v slogu »google translate«), kot da je strokovna terminologija izključno stvar prevajalcev, ne pa strokovnih in konceptualnih razmislekov ter umestitev izrazov v ustaljen terminološki aparat.
Yes or no, or how to answer a negative question
Authors: Gruet-Skrabalova Hana
Published: December 2016

This paper deals with answers to negative yes-no questions, focusing on data from Czech. It is shown that answering particles can express both positive and negative answers to negative questions, but that their choice is not free. Several pieces of evidence are discussed in order to show that the use of the particles depends on the interpretation of negation in the question: expletive negation or true negation. This semantic distinction is furthermore tightly linked to the syntactic position of the negation, according to which we distinguish between negative interrogative clauses and negative declarative clauses used as questions. An analysis in terms of absolute and relative polarity is proposed to account for the mixed behaviour of answering particles: particles express absolute polarity in answers to interrogative questions, whose polarity is open, and relative polarity in answers to declarative questions, whose polarity has been already specified.
In the south slavonic garden: landscaping the landscape od arguments and non-arguments
Authors: Marelj Marijana
Published: December 2016

This paper deals with morphological, syntactic, semantic, and pragmatic aspects of the so-called Cognate Object Construction with particular reference to Serbo-Croatian and Slovene. The relevance of an examination of such morphologically robust languages is manifold. It facilitates an understanding of some of the puzzling properties of the construction cross linguistically, offers a way of explaining the noted disagreement regarding judgments found in the literature on Germanic languages such as English and also presents a clear case where (contrary to the dominant view in the literature) morphology seems to deceive, rather than inform us, about syntax. Based on a barrage of tests, I argue that there are two types of cognate objects: arguments and non-arguments. Extending the treatment of modifiers within the Davidsonian tradition to the latter, I analyse them as first-order predicates. This allows me to capture their core properties, among which is the obligatory modification, something unaccounted for in the literature. The semantic parallelism between the adverbial modifiers and non-ACOs extends to the syntax as well. Treating non-ACOs as adjuncts solves the problem of the scarcity of syntactic space that arises with unaccusative verbs that license them. ACOs, on the other hand, behave syntactically and semantically like run-of-the-mill arguments and a run-of-the-mill transitive syntax can be maintained (for a majority of them) instead.
Indexical demonstratives and identificational focus in Hungarian
Authors: Tóth Enikő , Csatár Péter
Published: December 2016

This paper presents the results of an experiment regarding the use of Hungarian indexical demonstratives where it is shown that the use of indexicals depends on the nature of the context. More specifically, the use of indexical demonstratives is explored in neutral contexts and in a subtype of contrastive contexts, where contrastiveness is indicated by Hungarian identificational focus. On the one hand, the results reinforce our previous findings that distance is a crucial factor in neutral contexts. On the other hand, it is revealed that utterances with distal demonstratives in identificational focus receive higher ratings on a Likert-scale than utterances with distal demonstratives in a neutral (non-focus) position. These results provide evidence in favour of the contrastive nature of identificational focus in Hungarian, at least under the condition that identificational focus is explicitly marked by moving the preverb to a postverbal position.
Lexical strata and vowel (dis)harmony: the Turkish transformation of a Balkan hypocoristic
Authors: Walter Mary Ann
Published: December 2016

In this study I explore the phonological behavior of the hypocoristic suffix /-oʃ/-/iʃ/ in Turkish. Such a suffix is common to many of the Balkan languages. Turkish differs in its introduction of the front vowel variant of the suffix, presumably to satisfy the vowel harmony requirements in Turkish for backness and rounding in high vowels. However, in spite of the potentially alternating suffix allomorphs, collection of naturalistic data as well as of elicited survey data reveals that the majority of nickname outputs are disharmonic. I conclude that the Turkish data provides further evidence for Ito and Mester’s (2009) key insight that different strata of the lexicon may operate according to different rules/constraint rankings. However, the Turkish data is not consistent with their specific faithfulness-based approach. The hypocoristic lexical stratum exhibits a greater number of vowel harmony violations, but not due to more faithfulness to vowel inputs/underlying forms. Rather, the harmony violations in this stratum are gratuitous – I argue, precisely in order to distinguish this stratum from the lexicon at large. An approach such as Pater’s (2010) indexed constraints model better accommodates this type of lexical variation.
Las prácticas evaluativas en lenguas extranjeras en Senegal: el caso del ELE en el examen estatal del bachillerato
Authors: Diop Papa Mamour
Published: December 2016

Este artículo es fruto de una investigación sobre el dispositivo de evaluación del ELE en el Bachillerato en Senegal. Indaga tanto en el sistema organizativo del mismo como en las pruebas, actividades y consignas propuestas. Por último, facilita un conjunto de herramientas didácticas y evaluativas conforme con las nuevas tendencias en Didáctica de las lenguas extranjeras, los fundamentos del Marco Común Europeo de Referencia para las Lenguas (MCERL) y el enfoque por competencias.
El tema de la diversidad sexual en la clase de ELE para niños: "El día de la rana roja"
Authors: Domene Benito Rocío , Jódar Sánchez José Antonio
Published: December 2016

La familia es el eje integrador y pilar fundamental en la educación del niño. En las últimas décadas, la familia nuclear tradicional ha dado paso a nuevas formas familiares, familias monoparentales, familias homosexuales o familias multiculturales, entre otras. ¿Por qué no mostrar esta realidad a los niños? ¿Por qué no aprender español como lengua extranjera a través de un texto literario? Con este propósito, utilizamos álbumes ilustrados. El poder de la palabra y la imagen que nos ofrecen ayuda al docente a enseñar no solo conocimientos puramente lingüísticos sino también emocionales. Para llevar a cabo esta necesaria e interesante tarea, hemos elegido El día de la rana roja, una historia donde dos príncipes enamorados adoptan a una niña huérfana. Cargada de simbolismos y de readaptaciones tradicionales, esta historia nos permite enseñar español como lengua extranjera a niños a través de unos mensajes llenos de positivismo, aceptación y celebración de las nuevas concepciones familiares. En conclusión, a través de un álbum ilustrado podemos diseñar una propuesta didáctica novedosa que muestre la diversidad familiar que impera en el siglo XXI, un siglo marcado por el diálogo entre culturas.
Examining the Existence of Long-run Initial Public Offering (IPO) Underperformance at Three Different Stock Exchange Markets in Japan
Authors: Shimizu Yoshiki , Takei Hideki
Published: December 2016

This study conducted the examination of the long-run performance of IPO stocks in the Japanese market by measuring the monthly AAR/CAAR of sample IPO stocks. The study did this, so as to investigate whether IPO stocks in the Japanese market outperform in the long-run, as prior research on this phenomenon in the US market (Ritter, 1991; McDonald and Fisher, 1972) had found. The finding is that on the one hand, at TOPIX and TSE-2ND, stocks IPO firms that went public during 2004 to 2011 did not underperform the market in the long-run, as the monthly CAAR of sample IPO stocks on month 36 was not statistically significant. On the other hand, the finding also reveals that at MOTHERS, IPO firms underperformed the market throughout the period between months 2 and 36, and the monthly CAAR of IPO stocks at this market was –30.08 percent on month 36. The implication of this finding for the Efficient Market Hypothesis is that market efficiency held well at TOPIX and TSE-2ND; where during the sampling period abnormal returns could not be achieved and thus the long-run IPO underperformance was unlikely to occur. On the contrary, the departure from market efficiency was observed at MOTHERS: In the long-run, IPO stocks kept experiencing negative abnormal returns, and the existence of the long-run IPO underperformance was found to be significant.  Long-run IPO underperformance did not exist, with only one exception: It is only at MOTHERS that the long-run IPO underperformance was observed, whereas at TOPIX and TSE-2ND the phenomenon was not observed.
Competition Conditions in Taiwan’s Public Accounting Industry
Authors: Chang Bao-Guang , Huang Tai-Hsin , Wang Hsiu-Mei
Published: December 2016

This paper investigates the degree of market competition in the public accounting industry of Taiwan over the period 1994-2008, using the ‘H statistic’ proposed by Panzar & Rosse (1987). Differing from previous works, this paper applies a newly developed model, i.e., the censored stochastic frontier (CSF) model, to test whether the audit market has achieved its long-run equilibrium. The model is superior to the conventional model that requires researchers adding a unity to the dependent variable of returns on assets (ROA) for all observations, forcing the transformed dependent variable to be non-negative. One can then take the natural logarithm of this dependent variable. Evidence shows that Taiwan’s accounting industry is characterized as monopolistic competition with a trend towards perfect competition. The result will help to build up the empirical model for public accounting industry. The CSF model confirms that this industry is already in a long-run equilibrium in the second half of the sample, which validates the use of the Panzar-Rosse model. Conversely, the employment of the conventional approach leads to a rejection of the long-run equilibrium over the entire sample period.
The Taxation of Environmental Pollution: A Model for Tax Revenue-Environmental Quality Tradeoffs
Authors: Wu Hung-Ming Peter , Willett Keith D.
Published: December 2016

The paper analyzes the Willamette River in Oregon. Here a model (combining the least-cost model and the constraint method of multi-objective programming) is used to determine the appropriate tax rate on environmental externalities, incorporating both revenue and environmental quality objectives. The study finds the following. (1) By using the optimal tax rate, the appropriate tax revenue is determined. (2) The efficient solution set (including tax revenue and water quality considerations) is found by using differing optimal tax rates. (3) The optimal point (solution) in the efficient solution set is chosen by the geometrical argument approach and trade-off analysis approach.
Distributional Coefficients and Enrichment Studies of Potentially Toxic Heavy Metals in Soils Around Itakpe Iron-Ore Mine, North Central Nigeria
Authors: Ameh Eneojo Godwin , Kolawole Mofoloronsho Samuel , Idakwo Sunday Ojochogwu , Ameh Caroline Ojone , GabrielImeokparia Ebo
Published: December 2016

Soil samples were collected randomly but uniformly distributed around Itakpe iron-ore mines in both dry and wet seasons. Surface soils were collected from 0cm to 10cm using stainless steel augers and located using Global Positioning System (GPS). Soil samples were air-dried, sieved through 500um mesh and 1.0g digested, evaporated and analysed using Atomic Absorption Spectrometer (AAS).Five (5) geo-environmental indices were used to quantitatively evaluate the degree of soil contamination due to iron ore mining. The anthropogenic factor (AF) for both seasons revealed that all heavy metals have greater than 50% AF except for Cd in the dry season. The geo accumulation index (Igeo) for both seasons showed background concentration to unpolluted for Cu and Zn while Fe, Ni, Cdand Pb recorded moderately to very highly polluted. The pollution index (Eri), showed tiny hazard level for all the heavy metals in dry season and in wet season, Cd and Ni recorded strong hazard level while tiny hazard level were observed for Cu and Pb. The ecological pollution index for the area is strong (RI=323.25). Dry and wet season enrichment factor (EF) revealed background concentration for all the heavy metals except Fe with EF> 40 (extremely high enrichment). While contamination factor (CF) was very high for Fe in both seasons, Cu and Ni recorded considerable to very high contamination in dry season. The wet season also revealed considerable contamination for Ni and Cd; moderate to considerable contamination for Cu, Zn and Pb. The sites in both seasons have experienced various degrees of deterioration but more significant in wet season. Based on these indices, the soils around Itakpe iron-ore area has suffered significant degrees of contaminations with respect to Fe, Ni, Cd and Pb.
An Analysis of Customer Perceptions on Services of Electronic Banking in Bangladesh
Authors: Rahman Mohammad Masudur , Rahman Muhammad Ataur , Fahmed Md Neshat
Published: December 2016

The use of Internet is growing rapidly in all business sectors to maintain effective relationships with customers, suppliers, distributors and many other parties. Banking sector is receiving the benefits of Internet by providing online services to the customers. Online services of banks are very useful for the internal employees and the customers where popularity of banking is increasing gradually. The benefits of E-Banking are enormous for both the financial institutions and bank customers. These benefits are the basis for the growth of the E-Banking.  For the bank customers, the biggest benefit of E-Banking is convenience, longer banking hours, flexibility and accessibility. Despite the benefits and advantages of E-Banking, there are drawbacks and weaknesses.  In developing this study, a pre-defined methodology and procedure have been followed. The aim of this research is to evaluate customers’ perceptions on the Electronic banking services in Bangladesh.
Oil Dependency of GCC Stock Markets: Co-integration of GCC Stock Market Indices and Oil Price
Authors: Ghosh T. P.
Published: December 2016

Oil dependent economies of GCC countries had passed through various cycles of boom and trough of oil price. In the aftermath of the economic recession of 2008 and oil price, the GCC countries have been pursuing plans for diversifying to non-oil revenues. The oil of 2014-16 raised the issue of stock market cointegration to oil price movement in the background of non-oil diversification.This research study analyzes long term cointegration of oil price and GCC stock indices, and also cointegration among the GCC stock indices per se in an attempt to investigate if there is any early sign of disintegration of GCC stock markets from oil price cyclicality. The study period is linked to cyclicality of oil price: the first period comprising of Jan 2006- Dec. 2011 that covers oil price cycle during economic recession of 2008, and the second period comprising of Jan 2012 –September 2016 which covers the post-economic recession oil price cycle. The null hypotheses is that oil price and stock market indices are co-integrated.Based on Johansen Cointegration test on Box Cox transformed data of oil price and seven stock market indices of GCC countries, it is found that oil price and GCC stock markets are co-integrated. Analysis using Augmented Dickey- Fuller test and Phillips –Perron test shows that data series are all I (1). This study establishes that efforts to reduce oil dependency in GCC countries is yet to result in decoupling of financial markets from oil price cyclicality. This study also establishes that GCC stock markets per se are co-integrated but factors of cointegration beyond oil price are not explored.
Assessing the Effects of Switching Costs on Perceived Values and Brand Loyalty: The Impact of Customers’ Perceived Authenticity in Hotel Sector
Authors: Yin Chau Ka , Shen Huawen
Published: December 2016

Switching costs provide a unique and valid theoretical window into the mechanisms of consumer decision-making process as well as account for the behaviors of dissatisfied customers who still decide to patronize the same product or service. Therefore, switching costs provide a new research paradigm to consumer behavior studies, which are currently dominated by benefit-based articulations. Our study investigates the effects of switching costs on the perceived values and brand loyalty of customers of a luxury hotel in Shanghai, China. Through a structural equation model analysis, we find that switching posts bring about significant effects on perceived values and brand loyalty. The theoretical and practical implications of this study are also discussed.
How Can Cinema Justify Wars? A Qualitative Study on War Justification in American Cinema
Authors: Emamzadeh Zahra , Sabbar Shaho
Published: December 2016

Cinema is a powerful media that can shape people’s minds about different issues. Movies can focus on very detailed or hidden matters in society, and critical issues that profoundly affect the lives of large populations are usually at the center of cinema’s attention. Among these issues are wars that can affect tens of millions of people financially, mentally and of course physically.Films can question or justify wars. To answer if they questioned wars or justified them one should choose a specific war, a period and maybe a particular group of films and analyze their content and discourse. However, to do so, it would be helpful and maybe necessary to first better understand how films may question or justify wars.The present research is an effort to analyze a specific number of movies to see in what ways they may have justified the role of the United States in the Second World War. The results include eight issues that the movies raised regarding the legitimacy of the war and America’s role in it.
Comparative Study of Bill of Lading Function as Title Document
Authors: Ahmadi Majid Reza Arab , Elsan Mostafa , Noshadi Ibrahim
Published: December 2016

One of the new transformations in the scope of maritime transportation about shipping documents includes non-paper (electronic) maritime transport documents. Three principal functions of a bill of lading in maritime transportation comprise receipt of carriage of good, reason for carriage contract, and title document. The majority of studies are about to realize the functions of carriage receipt and reason for carriage contract within substitution of electronic documents, such as replacement of paper bill of lading with an electronic bill of lading. While there is not the same conclusion about the function of the title document and this doubt on the result is beyond the replacement of paper documents with electronic documents caused by ambiguities in considering the bill of lading as a title document of goods and function of a bill of lading as a title document. In general, the transfer of a bill of lading does not mean the transfer of ownership while ownership is transferred through a contract of goods’ sale and bill of shading is considered as a document that indicates a property of goods to facilitate transactions within commercial operations.
Investigate the Exit of the Britain from European Union and Its Impacts on the International Community
Authors: Chaboki Mohammad Ehsan
Published: December 2016

Although Europe is not a superpower, but it is a great world power, at least in the economic dimension and it has a decisive effect on many international issues. Means it has much to say in relation to trade, the environment, drug control, natural disasters, and serious illnesses and so on. But in the field of policy passing the restrictive measures that puts on its agenda, in the major and basic issues it inevitably should cooperate with US and follow it. Europe on these types of subjects, considers inevitably a complementary role of America for itself at least for some time. So a sense that at the time was applied in Germany is also true about the current Union: European Union is an economic giant and a political dwarf that lacks the characteristics of a great and perfect power. It seems that no issue had been raised as the importance of exit of Britain from the European Union and the effects that it will leave from the end of the Second World War up to now means more than 70 years. Location and history of Britain add to the importance of this issue. The exit of Britain apart from the business and economic consequences can create a political and psychological shock in European developments. As entering of Great Britain took place loudly within a decade (Eventually, in 1973), leaving this country is associated with a lot of coverage in 4 recent years. This issue has been become one of the concerns of circles of Britain and Europe. America and Canada have also repeatedly warned about the negative consequences of this exit that we will discuss it in this paper.
Review: Innovators in Digital News by Lucy Küng
Authors: Lischka Juliane A.
Published: December 2016

A review of Lucy Küng's Innovators in Digital News (2015, University of Oxford).
Genre Innovation: Evolution, Emergence, or Something Else?
Authors: Miller Carolyn R.
Published: December 2016

In trying to understand genre innovation and the appearance of what seem to be “new genres” in both new and old media, researchers have relied heavily on the concepts of “evolution” and “emergence,” without theorizing these concepts. These terms are usually associated with science, to analyze biological and physical processes, and both carry entailments worth examining. What work does each model of change do and what work does each keep us from doing? When we adopt the language of evolution or emergence, what do we import to our conceptualization of genres, of large-scale rhetorical action, and of the rhetorical organization of culture? Evolution is anti-essentialist, while emergence allows for the phenomenology of essence; both are terministic screens in Burke’s sense and thus incomplete and partial. There may be no general conceptual model adequate to the variety of cultural phenomena and domains in which genres are of interest, but we can continue to learn by testing our observations of particular examples against these useful concepts. We should be conscious of the assumptions we make about essences and relationships, of how and why we identify something as a genre; we should also be alert to the differences between classification by abstraction and classification by descent.
Three Incidents at the Border of Genre
Authors: Grøgaard Stian
Published: December 2016

From a perspective of conceptual economy, rather than the specialized literature on genre, this text discusses what genre divisions can do when applied to cultural artifacts compared to other forms of classification or typology? On which aspect of the artifact is it rewarding for a concept of genre to operate, and what is achieved when extending its use beyond traditional divisions in fine arts, Hollywood movies and popular music? Are there restrictions inherent to the concept of genre itself, explicable in a grammar of the concept? The criteria unfolded by such a grammar seems to be more technical than properly aesthetic, close to the ideal of perfection in traditional normative poetics. With one significant addition, the criteria are always too specific to allow for the perfect example of genre. Perfection belongs to the law of the genre, not to the artifact enforcing the law. Imperfection may indeed explain the resilience of the genre form. What remains is a vertical structure, a model for which even the model example is a fall from grace.
Fashion Film and Genre Ecology
Authors: Skjulstad Synne , Morrison Andrew
Published: December 2016

We analyse the challenges and changing character, production and consumption of the emerging genre fashion lm through a genre as ecology approach. This approach accounts for the complexity of various rhetorical practices used within the creative industries, such as fashion. We find that digital mediation compels genre innovation in networked cultures in the mediation of fashion. We examine three fashion films to ascertain how they function as cultural production within web- and mobile-based communication and networked articulations. These need to be understood as part of distributed, polyvocal and multimodally mediated digital branding and advertising strategies that have largely not been addressed as genre by media and communication studies. Genre ecology is proposed as an addition to typological and developmental models of (media) genre innovation.
Genre Innovation – a Prologue
Authors: Liestøl Gunnar , Morrison Andrew
Published: December 2016

The concept of ‘genre’ is an integral part of the everyday life of most scholars. It is present in reading, writing and conversation, or any other mode of communication and exchange. In the humanities, we study genre in different media and in a multitude of manners. Still, we experience few explorations of the ‘genre’ concept and its complexity between or beyond disciplinary divides or across media, including in the context of innovation. It is our conviction that multimedia and multimodal advances towards increased genre understanding – theoretical and practical, critical and constructive, and across disciplines – have significant unrealised potential. This is the focus of this special issue of the Journal of Media Innovations.
Um Deus com o rosto do Brasil: um estudo exploratório sobre a relação entre imagens e imaginários de Deus na cultura e na pregação evangélico-luterana
Authors: Adam Júlio Cézar
Published: December 2016

Este artigo pretende refletir sobre imagens e imaginários de Deus no contexto brasileiro em relação com imagens e imaginários de Deus em prédicas do contexto latino-americano, tomando como exemplo prédicas escritas por ministros/as da Igreja Evangélica de Confissão Luterana no Brasil (IECLB), publicadas no site Göttinger Predigten im Internet. Para análise destas imagens e imaginários de Deus, julgou-se importante, tratar o contexto sociocultural da IECLB – que corresponde, em grande medida, ao contexto do protestantismo histórico no Brasil – e refletir brevemente sobre imagem e imaginário em relação à religião e à teologia, não pretendendo construir uma teoria sobre imagem e imaginário. O artigo divide-se em três partes: na primeira parte apresentam-se aspectos das imagens e dos imaginários de Deus presentes na cultura e religiosidade brasileira, tomando alguns exemplos da cultura pop e do contexto teológico de alguns segmentos eclesiásticos. Na segunda parte, busca-se brevemente por conceitos de imagem, imaginário, averiguando a sua relação com a teologia. Na última parte, analisam-se imagens de Deus em prédicas da IECLB e busca-se refletir sobre o significado destas imagens para a pregação cristã, considerando-se o contexto em que a igreja está inserida. 
Histórias, tradições e pensamentos batistas - Resenha
Authors: Leal Jair Souza
Published: December 2016

Livro 

ARAÚJO, João Pedro Gonçalves. Histórias, tradições e pensamentos batistas. São Paulo: Fonte Editorial, 2015. 208 p.
“Cues” for Non-Routine Decisions on the Fireground
Authors: M. Khalid Shaikh
Published: December 2016

A decision making model for building decision support system is reported here that is developed through working with fireground incident commanders of the United Kingdom. The model is suitable for decision making in non-routine situations. A detailed description of the development of the model is available in Shaikh (2011). There is a need to develop a working prototype decision support systems based on this model particularly for training and helping FGCs working in countries such as Pakistan, Sri Lanka, Indonesia etc.Editorial
EKSPERTNI SISTEMI
Authors: Šušić Ilija
Published: December 2016

Ekspertni sistem je inteligentni raĉunarski program koji koristi znanje i postupke zakljuĉivanja u procesu rješavanja problema i to takvih problema za ĉije je rješavanje potreban visok stepen struĉnosti i iskustva iz podruĉja kojima je ekspertni sistem namijenjen. Naziv ekspertni potiĉe upravo od toga što se ovi sistemi ponašaju kao vrhunski struĉnjaci (engl. expert) na svom podruĉju. Njegovu osnovu ĉini poseban software koji modelira one elemente ĉovjekovog rješavanja problema za koje se smatra da ĉine ĉovjekovu inteligenciju: zakljuĉivanje, prosuĊivanje, odluĉivanje na osnovu nepouzdanih i nepotpunih informacija i tumaĉenje svog ponašanja. Ekspert je ĉesto neophodna osoba u mnogim organizacijama, i postavlja se onda pitanje zašto ga uopšte pokušavati zamijeniti mašinom (raĉunarom)? Prije svega, donekle sliĉno zamjeni nekih ljudi i njihovih poslova mašinama tokom industrijske revolucije, ekspertni sistem moţe biti koristan kao pomoć kada ĉovjek nije raspoloţiv ili jednostavno kao alat koji olakšava posao i omogućava automatizaciju nekih postupaka, radi sa većim stepenom formalizma koji iskljuĉuje mogućnost greške ili slabosti zbog ljudskog faktora i sl. Postoji i jedna dodatna prednost ‐ znanjem kao opštim dobrom ili kapitalom neke organizacije se lakše upravlja, lakše se prenosi i primjenjuje jer ne ovisi u toj mjeri od pojedinca ‐ eksperta ako se koristi ekspertni sistem.
ANALIZA KREDITNE SPOSOBNOSTI I OCJENA RIZIKA ZAJMOTRAŽILACA
Authors: Škrbić Vojislav , Marjanović Sanita
Published: December 2016

U ovome radu vršena je analiza kreditne sposobnosti i ocjena rizika zajmotraţilaca. Prvi dio rada bavi se problematikom kreditne sposobnosti zajmotraţioca pri ĉemu su korištene dvije analize i to Altmanov- a ZETA analiza i Chesser-ov kredit skoring sistem. Drugi dio rada obuhvata analizu rizika zajmotraţioca gdje je korištena analiza 5 faktora ("5 K analiza"-Five Cs of Credit). Na kraju su izvedeni zakljuĉci, te navedena korištena literatura.
RAŠIRENOST OBLIKA ASOCIJALNOG PONAŠANJA UČENIKA
Authors: Milojković - Čović Dragana
Published: December 2016

Asocijalno ponašanje uĉenika u društvu i u školi je veoma aktuelan problem u našoj zemlji, posebno u poslednje vrijeme, kada su scene nasilja i delikvencije bilo djece, bilo odraslih stanovnika postale svakodnevnica. Struĉnjaci razliĉitih profila (psiholozi, kriminolozi, sociolozi, socijalni radnici) angaţovani su u razliĉitim institucijama na prouĉavanju pojave i uzroka asocijalnog ponašanja, ali, uprkos svim naporima, nisu identifikovani faktori koji ga uzrokuju i nisu napravljeni adekvatni programi prevencije, jer je dokazano da jedan faktor sam po sebi ne moţe biti uzroĉnik takvog ponašanja. Drugim rijeĉima, to znaĉi da je takvo ponašanje uzrokovano sindromom faktora koji djeluju u društvu, školi, porodici i liĉnosti prestupnika i koje se manifestuje na razliĉite naĉine. Stoga je pri analizi asocijalnog ponašanja uĉenika nuţno analizirati djelovanje svakog faktora, a posebno povezanost odnosa u porodici kao faktora za koji se najĉešće smatra da presudno utiĉe na kriminalnu patologiju mladih i odraslih. Osim porodiĉnih odnosa predmet analize trebaju da budu i uslovi ţivota i druga socio-iskustvena obiljeţja.
VRŠNJAČKO NASILJE
Authors: Milojković - Čović Dragana
Published: December 2016

Istraţivanje je sprovedeno na uzorku od 634. djece i mladih na podruĉju Bosne i Hercegovine, tj. sapodruĉja zapadnog dijela Republike Srpske i zapadnog dijela Federacije Bosne i Hercegovine, proporcionalnonjihovom uĉešću u strukturi uĉenika u osnovnim i srednjim školama sa podruĉja zapadnog dijela Bosne iHercegovine. Osim toga, istraţivanje je realizovano i preko Centara za socijalni rad zbog obuhvatanja uĉenikaiz nekompletnih porodica i djece bez roditeljskog staranja kao i djece i mladih koji ne pohaĊaju školu.
FINANSIJSKA LIBERALIZACIJA I NJENO PROVOĐENJE U BiH
Authors: Muratović Husein
Published: December 2016

U ovom Radu razmatrana je finansijska liberalizacija u BiH. Stepen finansijske liberalizacije vaţan je pokazatelj i dostignutog nivoa razvijenosti zemlje i podatak koji ima uticaja na njen razvoj. Zbog sloţenosti finansijskog sistema, koji ukljuĉuje brojna trţišta, institucije i regulativu, teško je izmjeriti stvarni stepen liberalizacije ovoga vaţnog segmenta makroekonomskog sistema zemlje. Dominantnost bankarskog sistema (tzv. bankocentriĉnost) nad ostalim dijelovima finansijskog sistema, pojavljuje se kao problem mjerenja finansijske liberalizacije U Bosni i Hercegovini. Ključne riječi: finansijska liberalizacija, bankarstvo,multilateralne finansijske institucije, finansijske slobode, slobode tokova kapitala, opozit, bankarski krediti, tranzicija.
POSLOVNA INTELIGENCIJA U JAVNOJ UPRAVI
Authors: Mirjanić-Gluvić Nada , Radivojević Mladen
Published: December 2016

Tema ovog rada je promatranje uticaja upotrebe poslovne inteligencije i uspješnog upravljanja znanjem zaposlenih na rad jednog organa javne uprave u odnosu na drugi. Permanentno generisanje novih ideja i stvaranje inovativnih usluga karakteristika je uspješnih organa uprave, a to bi trebao da bude dio njihove strategije usluţivanja. Takvi organi uprave koriste sistem poslovne inteligencije i podstiĉu inovativno usluţivanje, stvaranjem inovativnih timova i generisanjem novih ideja. Inovacije ne dolaze brzo i u kratkom vremenskom periodu pa rukovodni kadrovi u javnoj upravi ne treba da oĉekuju odmah velike rezultate, već treba da sistemski usmjeravaju razvoj i sprovode zacrtanu politiku.
NEUTRALIZACIJA TOKSIKANATA I ZAŠTITA PRI HEMIJSKIM UDESIMA
Authors: Nikolić Milena , Biočanin Rade , Nikolić Dragan
Published: December 2016

Hemijski udesi mogu izazvati nesagledive posledice. Pri hemijskom udesu javljaju se pojave koje prate udes, kao što su kontaminiran rejon, kontaminirana atmosfera, kontaminirano zemljište i dr. Uzimanje uzoraka pri udesu moţe se obaviti raznim metodama, a neutralizacija raznim hemijskim materijama. Za zaštitu treba upotrebiti filtrujuće maske, a u u uslovima visoke koncentracije polutanata koristiti izolujuće zaštitne maske I specijalna zaštitna odela izolujućeg iĉi filtrujućeg tipa maske.
MJESTO I ULOGA POSLOVNE BANKE NA FINANSIJSKOM TRŽIŠTU
Authors: Čatak Arnela
Published: December 2016

Rijeĉ trţište asocira na kupovinu i prodaju proizvoda ili usluga. U ovom procesu razmjene, jedna strana (prodavac) prodaje, a druga strana (kupac) kupuje proizvod ili uslugu. Na osnovu ovoga moţe se reći da je trţište mjesto na kom se susreću ponuda i potraţnja za odreĊenim proizvodima ili uslugama. Da bi što bolje razumijeli znaĉaj koji poslovne banke imaju za finansijski sistem jedne zemlje, neophodno je prethodno objasniti sam pojam finansijskih trţišta, njegove osnovne karakteristike. Ako uzmemo u obzir sve uĉesnike koji se mogu pojaviti na finansijskom trţištu (šire shvatanje), vidjećemo da su to javni sektor, sektor privrede, sektor stanovništva, kao i sektor subjekata iz inostranstva. Uĉesnici na finansijskom trţištu u uţem smislu su banke, štedionice, penzioni fondovi, osiguravajuće kompanije. Nekada se poslovna banka definisala kao finansijska institucija koja raspolaţe sa velikim sopstvenim kapitalom. Njena djelatnost je usmjerena ka krupnim industrijskim preduzećima. U njenim aktivnostima preovladavaju sopstveni poslovi kao što je finansiranje i osnivanje sopstvenih preduzeća i uĉešće u finansiranju drugih preduzeća. Danas, bar kada je naš finansijski sistem u pitanju, banke su uglavnom univerzalnog tipa. Na kraju, predstavljena je i suština poslovanja poslovnih banaka na finansijskom trţištu. U ovom poglavlju opisane su aktivnosti koje banke preduzimaju na trţištu novca i kapitala, zatim brokersko-dilerske aktivnosti, špekulativne i arbitraţne aktivnosti.
VLADAVINA PRAVA KAO INTEGRALNI SADRŢAJ DEJTONSKOG SPORAZUMA
Authors: Bakić Kristijan
Published: December 2016

MeĊunarodno javno pravo u kontekstu Bosne i Hercegovine predstavlja determinantu njenog unutrašnjeg ureĊenja i meĊunarodnog subjektiviteta. Agregacija drţavne valsti u Bosni krajem 1995. godine ne bi bila moguća bez meĊunarodnog javnog prava. Principi teritorijalnog integriteta, nezavisnosti i suvereniteta i samoopredjeljenja naroda su primijenjeni tako što etniĉke nacije imaju pravo na samoopredjeljenje, ali u okviru drţavno-teritorijalnog integriteta Bosne i Hercegovine. U daljnjem tekstu će biti rijeĉi o vladavini prava kao suštinskom principu koji je direktno ugraĊen u ustav Bosne i Hercegovine i koji ima pravnu suprematiju u odnosu na druge zakonske norme. Dejtonskim sporazumom ljudska prava su definisana kao suverena vrijednost. S obzirom na to, da su u meĊunacionalnom oruţanom sukobu sva ljudska prava bila ugroţena, bilo je neophodno uspostaviti novi, sigurniji sistem koji će obezbijediti zaštitu ljudskih prava koji sadrţi nekoliko elemenata.
ULOGA VOĐA MIŠLJENJA U OCJENI STOPE DIFUZIJE INOVACIJA U OBLAS-TI SPORTSKE OPREME
Authors: Babić Svjetlana , Ergarac Zoran
Published: December 2016

Vodeći korisnici sa snaţno naglašenim osobinama voĊa mišljenja mogu pozitivno da utiĉu na percepciju budućih inovacija kod prosjeĉnih korisnika sportske opreme i pratećih usluga. U ovom radu se predstavlja presjek rezultata skorijih istraţivanja koja predlaţu model prepoznavanja karakteristika vodećih korisnika i funkcije voĊa mišljenja, kao i menadţerske implikacije za povećavanje stope difuzije inovacija za odreĊene kategorije sportskih proizvoda. Predloţeni koncept nastoji da smanji rizik uĉešćem korisnika u procesu inoviranja proizvoda i usluga i istraţivanju trţišta, razvijajući proizvode adekvatne potrebama korisnika, povećavajući na taj naĉin vjerovatnoću prihvatanja na trţištu.