bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effect of Noise on the Decoherence of a Central Electron Spin Coupled to an Antiferromagnetic Spin Bath
Authors: Fouokeng G. C. , Tchoffo M. , Moussiliou S. , Ngana Kuetche J. C. , Fai Lukong Cornelius , Siaka Massou
Published: March 2014

We analyze the influence of a two-state autocorrelated noise on the decoherence and on the tunneling Landau-Zener (LZ) transitions during a two-level crossing of a central electron spin (CES) coupled to a one dimensional anisotropic-antiferomagnetic spin, driven by a time-dependent global external magnetic field. The energy splitting of the coupled spin system is found through an approach that computes the noise-averaged frequency. At low magnetic field intensity, the decoherence (or entangled state) of a coupled spin system is dominated by the noise intensity. The effects of the magnetic field pulse and the spin gap antiferromagnetic material used suggest to us that they may be used as tools for the direct observation of the tunneling splitting through the LZ transitions in the sudden limit. We found that the dynamical frequencies display basin-like behavior decay with time, with the birth of entanglement, while the LZ transition probability shows Gaussian shape.
Lower Plasma Creatinine and Urine Albumin in Individuals at Increased Risk of Type 2 Diabetes with Factor V Leiden Mutation
Authors: Peter Andreas , Fritsche Andreas , Machicao Fausto , Nawroth Peter P. , Häring Hans-Ulrich , Isermann Berend
Published: March 2014

The factor V Leiden (FVL) mutation is the most frequent genetic cause of venous thrombosis in Caucasians. However, protective effects have been suggested to balance the disadvantages. We have recently observed protective effects of FVL mutation on experimental diabetic nephropathy in mice as well as an association with reduced albuminuria in two human cohorts of diabetic patients. In the present study we aimed to reevaluate these findings in an independent, larger cohort of 1905 Caucasians at risk of developing type 2 diabetes and extend possible associations to earlier disease stages of nephropathy. Carriers of FVL mutation had a significantly lower urine albumin excretion (P=0.03) and tended to have lower plasma creatinine concentrations (P=0.07). The difference in plasma creatinine concentrations was significant after adjustment for the influencing factors: age, gender, and lean body mass (P=0.048). These observations at a very early “disease” stage are an important extension of previous findings and suggest that modification of glomerular dysfunction by FVL mutation is relevant during very early stages of diabetic nephropathy. This makes the underlying mechanism an interesting therapeutic target and raises the question whether FVL mutation may also exert protective effects in other glomerulopathies.
PPAR-γImpairment Alters Peroxisome Functionality in Primary Astrocyte Cell Cultures
Authors: Di Cesare Mannelli Lorenzo , Zanardelli Matteo , Micheli Laura , Ghelardini Carla
Published: March 2014

Peroxisomes provide glial cells with protective functions against the harmful effects of H2O2on neurons and peroxisome impairment results in nervous lesions. Agonists of theγ-subtype of the Peroxisome-Proliferator-Activated-Receptors (PPAR) have been proposed as neuroprotective agents in neurodegenerative disorders. Nevertheless, the role of PPAR-γalterations in pathophysiological mechanisms and the relevance of peroxisome functions in the PPAR-γeffects are not yet clear. In a primary cell culture of rat astrocytes, the irreversible PPAR-γantagonist GW9662 concentration-dependently decreased the activity of catalase, the most important antioxidant defense enzyme in peroxisomes. Catalase functionality recovered in a few days and the PPAR-γagonist rosiglitazone promoted reversal of enzymatic damage. The reversible antagonist G3335 reduced both the activity and expression of catalase in a rosiglitazone-prevented manner. G3335 reduced also the glutathione reductase expression, indicating that enzyme involved in glutathione regeneration was compromised. Neither the PPAR-αtarget gene Acyl-Coenzyme-A-oxidase-1 nor the mitochondrial detoxifying enzyme NADH:ubiquinone-oxidoreductase (NDFUS3) was altered by PPAR-γinhibition. In conclusion, PPAR-γinhibition induced impairment of catalase in astrocytes. A general decrease of the antioxidant defenses of the cell suggests that a PPAR-γhypofunction could participate in neurodegenerative mechanisms through peroxisomal damage. This series of experiments could be a useful model for studying compounds able to restore peroxisome functionality.
Investigation on Mercury Reemission from Limestone-Gypsum Wet Flue Gas Desulfurization Slurry
Authors: Chen Chuanmin , Liu Songtao , Gao Yang , Liu Yongchao
Published: March 2014

Secondary atmospheric pollutions may result from wet flue gas desulfurization (WFGD) systems caused by the reduction of Hg2+to Hg0and lead to a damping of the cobenefit mercury removal efficiency by WFGD systems. The experiment on Hg0reemission from limestone-gypsum WFGD slurry was carried out by changing the operating conditions such as the pH, temperature, Cl−concentrations, and oxygen concentrations. The partitioning behavior of mercury in the solid and liquid byproducts was also discussed. The experimental results indicated that the Hg0reemission rate from WFGD slurry increased as the operational temperatures and pH values increased. The Hg0reemission rates decreased as the O2concentration of flue gas and Cl−concentration of WFGD slurry increased. The concentrations of O2in flue gas have an evident effect on the mercury retention in the solid byproducts. The temperature and Cl−concentration have a slight effect on the mercury partitioning in the byproducts. No evident relation was found between mercury retention in the solid byproducts and the pH. The present findings could be valuable for industrial application of characterizing and optimizing mercury control in wet FGD systems.
The Manufacture of Hot-Compacted Layered Composite Systems Made of Oriented Semifinished PP-Films
Authors: Rohde Björn , Wibbeke Andrea , Heim Hans-Peter , Schöppner Volker
Published: March 2014

Monoaxial stretched PP-films are used for the manufacture of hot-compacted layered composites. These are layered with stretched co-extruded coupling agent films, and are consolidated to laminates by means of a hot-compaction process, which employs pressure and temperature. This paper aims to examine the influence of the process settings on the properties of the composites during the hot-compaction process. For this purpose, the mechanical values will be determined by means of tensile testing variously compacted and configured layered film composites.
Undiagnosed Diabetes in Breast, Colorectal, Lung, and Prostate Cancer: Incidence and Risk Factors
Authors: Griffiths Robert I. , Lindquist Karla J. , O’Malley Cynthia D. , Gleeson Michelle L. , Duryea Jennifer L. , Valderas José M. , Danese Mark D.
Published: March 2014

Our study describes the incidence and risk factors for undiagnosed diabetes in elderly cancer patients. Using Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results-Medicare data, we followed patients with breast, colorectal, lung, or prostate cancer from 24 months before to 3 months after cancer diagnosis. Medicare claims were used to exclude patients with diabetes 24 to 4 months before cancer (look-back period), identify those with diabetes undiagnosed until cancer, and construct indicators of preventive services, physician contact, and comorbidity during the look-back period. Logistic regression analyses were performed to identify factors associated with undiagnosed diabetes. Overall, 2,678 patients had diabetes undiagnosed until cancer. Rates were the highest in patients with both advanced-stage cancer and low prior primary care/medical specialist contact (breast 8.2%, colorectal 5.9%, lung 4.4%). Nonwhite race/ethnicity, living in a census tract with a higher percent of the population in poverty and a lower percent college educated, lower prior preventive services use, and lack of primary care and/or medical specialist care prior to cancer all were associated with higher  (P≤0.05) adjusted odds of undiagnosed diabetes. Undiagnosed diabetes is relatively common in selected subgroups of cancer patients, including those already at high risk of poor outcomes due to advanced cancer stage.
A Study on the Influence of Hot Press Forming Process Parameters on Flexural Property of Glass/PP Based Thermoplastic Composites Using Box-Behnken Experimental Design
Authors: Kumar B. Senthil , Balachandar Subramanian
Published: March 2014

A thermoplastic composite is produced from polypropylene matrix with glass fibre reinforcement. These types of composite materials are ecofriendly nature due to their reusability after their lifetime. These polymer composites are alternative to heavy metals that are currently being used in many non-structural applications. In spite of being ecofriendly nature, the range of applications is limited due to poor mechanical properties as compared with thermoset matrix composite. Hence an attempt was made in this work to improve the mechanical property such as flexural property of Glass/PP hybrid woven composites by optimizing the parameters during compression moulding, such as mould pressure, mould temperature, and holding time using Box-Behnken experimental design. Each process variables were taken in 3 different levels. Second order polynomial model with quadratic effect was chosen. The optimum combination of process parameters was obtained by using contour diagram. The levels of importance of process parameters on flexural properties were determined by using analysis of variance (ANOVA). The variation of flexural property with cited process parameters was mathematically modelled using the regression analysis.
Asymptomatic Bladder Metastasis from Breast Cancer
Authors: Cormio Luigi , Sanguedolce Francesca , Di Fino Giuseppe , Massenio Paolo , Liuzzi Giuseppe , Ruocco Nicola , Bufo Pantaleo , Carrieri Giuseppe
Published: March 2014

Introduction.Breast cancer is the most common nondermatologic cancer in women. Common metastatic sites include lymph nodes, lung, liver, and bone. Metastases to the bladder are extremely rare, with all reported cases presenting with urinary symptoms.Case Report.Herein, we report the first case of completely asymptomatic bladder metastasis from breast cancer, occasionally revealed, 98 months after the initial diagnosis of lobular breast carcinoma, by a follow-up computed tomography scanning showing thickening of left bladder wall and grade II left hydronephrosis. A positive staining for estrogen and progesterone receptors was confirmed by immunohistochemistry.Discussion.The reported case confirms that bladder metastases from breast cancer tend to occur late after the diagnosis of the primary tumor and, for the first time, points out they can be asymptomatic.Conclusion.Such data support the need for careful follow-up and early intervention whenever such clinical situation is suspected.
Four-Quadrant Facial Function in Dysphagic Patients after Stroke and in Healthy Controls
Authors: Hägg Mary , Tibbling Lita
Published: March 2014

This study aims to examine any motility disturbance in any quadrant of the face other than the quadrant innervated by the lower facial nerve contralateral to the cortical lesion after stroke. Thirty-one stroke-afflicted patients with subjective dysphagia, consecutively referred to a swallowing centre, were investigated with a facial activity test (FAT) in all four facial quadrants and with a swallowing capacity test (SCT). Fifteen healthy adult participants served as FAT controls. Sixteen patients were judged to have a central facial palsy (FP) according to the referring physician, but all 31 patients had a pathological FAT in the lower quadrant contralateral to the cortical lesion. Simultaneous pathology in all four quadrants was observed in 52% of stroke-afflicted patients with dysphagia; some pathology in the left or right upper quadrant was observed in 74%. Dysfunction in multiple facial quadrants was independent of the time interval between stroke and study inclusion. All patients except two had a pathological SCT. All the controls had normal activity in all facial quadrants. In summary the majority of poststroke patients with dysphagia have subclinical orofacial motor dysfunction in three or four facial quadrants as assessed with a FAT. However, whether subclinical orofacial motor dysfunction can be present in stroke-afflicted patients without dysphagia is unknown.
Papillary Serous Carcinoma of the Uterine Cervix with Lung Metastasis
Authors: Khan Maliha , Gilman Alan D. , Nizami Sobia , Barbaryan Aram , Ali Alaa M. , Mirrakhimov Aibek E.
Published: March 2014

Papillary serous carcinoma of the uterine cervix is a rare histological variant of cervical adenocarcinoma, with a very small number of cases reported. It is an aggressive tumor and is usually diagnosed at advanced stages by the time of diagnosis. Early-stage tumors can be treated with surgery and/or radiotherapy, while late-stage tumors have been treated with chemotherapy plus radical surgery with intermittent success. Here we report a case of metastatic papillary serous carcinoma observed at our hospital, which has been treated with debulking surgery and combination chemotherapy with carboplatin and paclitaxel.
Heavy Metal Levels in Adolescent and Maternal Blood: Association with Risk of Hypospadias
Authors: Sharma Tusha , Banerjee Basu Dev , Yadav Chandra Shekhar , Gupta Piyush , Sharma Sunil
Published: March 2014

Background. Hypospadias is a part of testicular digenesis syndrome (TDS) which includes infertility, cryptorchidism, and spermatogenesis. Heavy metals act as endocrine disrupting compounds. Heavy metals such as cadmium, chromium, arsenic, and lead have been associated with male infertility, cryptorchidism, spermatogenesis, cancer, reproductive disorder, and neurological disorder. However, it remains an important issue to corroborate or refute the hypothesis that the role of heavy metals in male reproductive tract disorders. Hence, the present study was designed to investigate the possible association of heavy metal and risk of hypospadias by estimating the blood heavy metal levels. Methods. In this case control study, 50 hypospadias boys diagnosed and confirmed by a pediatric urologist and 50 randomly selected age-matched (1–5 years) healthy control boys not suffering from any clinically detectible illness and their mothers have been included and heavy metal levels in the blood of these subjects have been estimated by Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (AAS). Result. Significantly high levels of cadmium and lead have been observed in hypospadias cases; however, all heavy metal levels were present in higher concentration. Conclusion. Higher blood levels of cadmium and lead may be associated with the increased risk of hypospadias.
Game Cross Efficiency for Systems with Two-Stage Structures
Authors: Ma Chaoqun , Liu Debin , Zhou Zhongbao , Zhao Wei , Liu Wenbin
Published: March 2014

Data envelopment analysis (DEA) is a nonparametric approach for measuring the relative efficiencies of peer decision-making units (DMUs). For systems with two-stage structures, where all the outputs from the first stage are the only inputs to the second stage, the centralized model, which is based on the concept of cooperative game theory, has been widely used to examine the efficiencies of such systems. We define the cross efficiencies of systems with two-stage structures. Since the centralized model may lead to multiple and unacceptable cross efficiencies and rankings of DMUs due to its high flexibility in choosing optimal weights on input and output factors, we develop a game model to obtain a unique cross efficiency measure, which is constructed from the perspective of noncooperative game. An iterative algorithm is then proposed to obtain the game cross efficiencies for the overall systems and subsystems. We use the proposed game model to evaluate the performance of top 30 US commercial banks. The results show that the game model can lead to a unique reasonable cross efficiency for each DMU.
Malignant Peritoneal Mesothelioma: Clinicopathological Characteristics of Two Cases
Authors: Algın Mustafa Cem , Yaylak Faik , Bayhan Zülfü , Aslan Figen , Bayhan Nilüfer Araz
Published: March 2014

Introduction. Peritoneal mesothelioma is a rare tumor, presenting difficulties in diagnosis and treatment. Peritoneum is the second most common area of the mesothelioma after pleura, and even synchronous pleural and peritoneal mesotheliomas are observed in 30–45% of all cases. The diagnosis may be difficult due to lack of specific symptoms and clinical findings. In addition, a delay in the diagnosis is not rare especially in the absence of previous asbestos exposure. Here we report two cases of malignant peritoneal mesotheliomas. The diagnostic and therapeutic approaches for these rare neoplasms are discussed.Case Presentation. The cases were two men (one aged 54 years old and the other 40 years old). Prolonged abdominal pain and swelling were the primary presentation symptoms and findings. The mesotheliomas were developed in the right upper quadrant of abdomen in both of the cases. Both cases were treated with surgical resection. Final diagnosis were possible with histological and immunohistochemical documentation of tumor characteristics, which were consistent with dictating a mesothelial origin. No history of asbestos exposure was reported.Conclusion. Peritoneal mesotheliomas are rare clinical entities. However, patients with prolonged abdominal pain and abdominal masses should be considered to have atypical pathologies such as peritoneal mesotheliomas.
Divisibility Properties of the Fibonacci, Lucas, and Related Sequences
Authors: Jeffery Thomas , Pereira Rajesh
Published: March 2014

We use matrix techniques to give simple proofs of known divisibility properties of the Fibonacci, Lucas, generalized Lucas, and Gaussian Fibonacci numbers. Our derivations use the fact that products of diagonal matrices are diagonal together with Bezout’s identity.
Considering District and School Factors and Their Relationship to ACT Performance in North Carolina: An Examination of the ACT Pilot Results
Authors: Kaniuka Theodore S.
Published: March 2014

Since 2001 several states have adopted the requirement that high school students either take the SAT or ACT to assess high school programs or assist students in accessing post-secondary-educational opportunities. In 2012 the state of North Carolina adopted a new accountability program that included the ACT as a measure of college readiness. Previous research on the relationship between school districts and school level performance found that district size had a role in school achievement. This study looked at how district factors influenced the ACT performance of students across North Carolina in an effort to better understand if there were district factors other than size that may be influencing student performance and how high school reforms, given the influence of district factors is meeting the goal of increasing student college readiness. The results of this study are as follows. (1) District factors are related to school level performance, where student race and parental education levels were found to be significant predictors of achievement, (2) the traditional school level factors of race and student socioeconomic status did significantly predict ACT scores, and (3) as a high school reform model, students attending early college high schools did score higher on the ACT as compared to traditional high schools.
Treatment of Necrotic Calcified Tooth Using Intentional Replantation Procedure
Authors: Moradi Majd Nima , Arvin Armita , Darvish Alireza , Aflaki Sareh , Homayouni Hamed
Published: March 2014

Introduction. If the teeth are impacted by a chronic irritant, the pulp space possibly will undergo calcific changes that may impede access opening during root canal treatment. In such cases that conventional endodontic treatment is impossible or impractical, intentional replantation may be considered as a last solution to preserve the tooth.Methods. After failing to perform conventional root canal therapy for a necrotic calcified right mandibular second premolar, the tooth was gently extracted. The root apex was resected and the root end cavity was prepared and filled with calcium enriched mixture (CEM) cement. Then, the extracted tooth was replanted in its original position.Results. After a year the tooth was asymptomatic, and the size of periapical radiolucency was remarkably reduced and no clinical sign of ankylosis was observed.Conclusion. Intentional replantation of the necrotic calcified teeth could be considered as an alternative to teeth extraction, especially for the single-rooted teeth and when nonsurgical and surgical endodontic procedures seem impossible.
Female Genital Mutilation in Infants and Young Girls: Report of Sixty Cases Observed at the General Hospital of Abobo (Abidjan, Cote D’Ivoire, West Africa)
Authors: Plo Kouie , Asse Kouadio , Seï Dohagneron , Yenan John
Published: March 2014

The practice of female genital mutilations continues to be recurrent in African communities despite the campaigns, fights, and laws to ban it. A survey was carried out in infants and young girls at the General Hospital of Abobo in Cote D’Ivoire. The purpose of the study was to describe the epidemiological aspects and clinical findings related to FGM in young patients. Four hundred nine (409) females aged from 1 to 12 years and their mothers entered the study after their consent. The results were that 60/409 patients (15%) were cut. The majority of the young females came from Muslim families (97%); the earlier age at FGM procedure in patients is less than 5 years: 87%. Amongst 409 mothers, 250 women underwent FGM which had other daughters cut. Women were mainly involved in the FGM and their motivations were virginity, chastity, body cleanliness, and fear of clitoris similar to penis. Only WHO types I and II were met. If there were no incidental events occurred at the time of the procedure, the obstetrical future of these young females would be compromised. With FGM being a harmful practice, health professionals and NGOs must unite their efforts in people education to abandon the procedure.
Ubiquitous Health Management System with Watch-Type Monitoring Device for Dementia Patients
Authors: Shin Dongmin , Shin Dongil , Shin Dongkyoo
Published: March 2014

For patients who have a senile mental disorder such as dementia, the quantity of exercise and amount of sunlight are an important clue for doses and treatment. Therefore, monitoring daily health information is necessary for patients’ safety and health. A portable and wearable sensor device and server configuration for monitoring data are needed to provide these services for patients. A watch-type device (smart watch) that patients wear and a server system are developed in this paper. The smart watch developed includes a GPS, accelerometer, and illumination sensor, and can obtain real time health information by measuring the position of patients, quantity of exercise, and amount of sunlight. The server system includes the sensor data analysis algorithm and web server used by the doctor and protector to monitor the sensor data acquired from the smart watch. The proposed data analysis algorithm acquires the exercise information and detects the step count in patients’ motion acquired from the acceleration sensor and verifies the three cases of fast pace, slow pace, and walking pace, showing 96% of the experimental results. If developed and the u-Healthcare System for dementia patients is applied, higher quality medical services can be provided to patients.
Antimicrobial and Dyeing Properties of Reactive Dyes with Thiazolidinon-4-one Nucleus
Authors: Ayalew Hailemichael , Reda Gebremedihin , Gashaw Tsegaye , Babu Neelaiah , Upadhyay Raj Kumar
Published: March 2014

Four imines, the condensation products of 2,4-dioxo-4-phenylbutanal with four primary amines, were condensed with mercapto acetic acid to obtain thiazolidinon-4-ones which on subsequent condensation with vanillin and isatin separately yielded eight thiazolidin-4-one derivatives. The chemical structures of the synthesized compounds were elucidated by elemental analysis, molecular weight determination, IR and 1H and 13C NMR spectral measurements. Antibacterial and antifungal properties were studied in vitro against two bacteria and two fungi. The dyeing potential of synthesized reactive dyes was investigated with regard to silk, wool, cotton, and polyester fabrics under hot and cold dyeing conditions.
Irisin Enhances Osteoblast DifferentiationIn Vitro
Authors: Colaianni Graziana , Cuscito Concetta , Mongelli Teresa , Oranger Angela , Mori Giorgio , Brunetti Giacomina , Colucci Silvia , Cinti Saverio , Grano Maria
Published: March 2014

It has been recently demonstrated that exercise activity increases the expression of the myokine Irisin in skeletal muscle, which is able to drive the transition of white to brown adipocytes, likely following a phenomenon of transdifferentiation. This new evidence supports the idea that muscle can be considered an endocrine organ, given its ability to target adipose tissue by promoting energy expenditure. In accordance with these new findings, we hypothesized that Irisin is directly involved in bone metabolism, demonstrating its ability to increase the differentiation of bone marrow stromal cells into mature osteoblasts. Firstly, we confirmed that myoblasts from mice subjected to 3 weeks of free wheel running increased Irisin expression compared to nonexercised state. The conditioned media (CM) collected from myoblasts of exercised mice induced osteoblast differentiationin vitroto a greater extent than those of mice housed in resting conditions. Furthermore, the differentiated osteoblasts increased alkaline phosphatase and collagen I expression by an Irisin-dependent mechanism. Our results show, for the first time, that Irisin directly targets osteoblasts, enhancing their differentiation. This finding advances notable perspectives in future studies which could satisfy the ongoing research of exercise-mimetic therapies with anabolic action on the skeleton.
An Evaluation of Substance Abuse Treatment and HIV Education on Safe Sex Practices in Cocaine Dependent Individuals
Authors: Winhusen Theresa M. , Somoza Eugene C. , Lewis Daniel F. , Kropp Frankie , Theobald Jeff , Elkashef Ahmed
Published: March 2014

Background. There is a strong association between crack/cocaine use and increased sexual risk behavior, but little research on the efficacy of HIV education for decreasing such behavior in crack/cocaine-addicted individuals in substance abuse treatment. Method. Datasets from two cocaine dependence trials including either one or three HIV education sessions, respectively, were analyzed for changes over time in the proportion of participants practicing safe sex. A pooled dataset from two earlier trials not offering HIV education was also analyzed. Results. We included 83 participants from the 1-session trial and 65 participants from the 3-session trial. Both sets of participants evidenced a significant increase in the proportion of participants having safe sex with casual partners. Participants in the 3-session HIV education study also evidenced a significant increase in the proportion of participants having safe sex with regular partners. In the trials without HIV education, no change in safe sex practices was found, and change in condom use was observed only among female participants. Conclusions. These findings are consistent with recommendations that HIV education/counseling should be provided to individuals in substance abuse treatment. A randomized controlled trial to confirm these results may be warranted. This trial is registered with NCT00033033, NCT00086255, NCT00015106, and NCT00015132.
Qualitative Exploration of the Suitability of Capability Based Instruments to Measure Quality of Life in Family Carers of People with Dementia
Authors: Jones Carys , Edwards Rhiannon Tudor , Hounsome Barry
Published: March 2014

Background. In an ageing population, many individuals find themselves becoming a carer for an elderly relative. This qualitative study explores aspects of quality of life affected by caring for a person with dementia, with the aim of identifying whether capability based questionnaires are suitable for measuring carer quality of life. Methods. Semistructured interviews lasting up to an hour were conducted, November 2010–July 2011, with eight family carers of people with dementia. Interviews typically took place at the participants’ homes and were recorded and transcribed verbatim. Framework analysis was used to code and analyse data. Domains from three capability based questionnaires (ICECAP-O, Carer Experience Scale, and ASCOT) were used as initial codes. Similar codes were grouped into categories, and broader themes were developed from these categories. Results. Four themes were identified: social network and relationships; interactions with agencies; recognition of role; and time for oneself. Conclusions. By identifying what affects carers’ quality of life, an appropriate choice can be made when selecting instruments for future carer research. The themes identified had a high degree of overlap with the capability instruments, suggesting that the capabilities approach would be suitable for future research involving carers of people with dementia.
Herpetic Esophagitis in Immunocompetent Medical Student
Authors: Marinho Andréia Vidica , Bonfim Vinícius Mendes , de Alencar Luciana Rodrigues , Pinto Sebastião Alves , Araújo Filho João Alves de
Published: March 2014

Esophagitis caused by herpes simplex virus (HSV) is often documented during periods of immunosuppression in patients infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV); it is rare in immunocompetent diagnosed patients. Case reports of herpetic esophagitis in students of health sciences are extremely rare. The disease presents with a clinical picture characterized by acute odynophagia and retrosternal pain without obvious causes and ulcers, evidenced endoscopically in the middistal esophagus. Diagnosis depends on endoscopy, biopsies for pathology studies, and immunohistochemistry techniques. The disease course is often benign; however, treatment with acyclovir speeds the disappearance of symptoms and limits the severity of infection. In this report, we present a case of herpetic esophagitis in an immunocompetent medical student, with reference to its clinical features, diagnosis, and treatment. The disease may have manifested as a result of emotional stress experienced by the patient.
Randomized, Controlled Comparison of Advanced Hemostatic Pads in Hepatic Surgical Models
Authors: Lewis Kevin M. , McKee Jeff , Schiviz Alexandra , Bauer Alexander , Wolfsegger Martin , Goppelt Andreas
Published: March 2014

Blood loss during hepatic surgery leads to poor patient outcomes. This study investigates the hemostatic efficacy of a novel sealing hemostatic pad (polyethylene glycol-coated collagen, PCC) and a fibrin sealant pad (fibrin-thrombin coated collagen, FTC) in a leporine hepatic segmentectomy and a porcine hepatic abrasion model. A segmentectomy was used to compare hemostatic success and hematoma incidence in 20 rabbits (10/group). Hepatic abrasions were used to compare hemostatic success up to 10 min after application in six pigs (42 lesions/group). In the segmentectomy model, PCC achieved 100% hemostatic success within 2 min (95% CI: 72.3% to 100%) and FTC achieved 80% hemostatic success within 3 min (49.0% to 94.3%). PCC had lower hematoma incidence at 15 min (0.0 versus 11.1%) and 24 h (20.0 versus 66.7%). In the abrasion model, PCC provided superior hemostatic success at 3 (odds ratio: 24.8, 95% CI: 8.86 to 69.2, P<0.001), 5 (66.3, 28.5 to 153.9, P<0.001), 7 (177.5, 64.4 to 489.1, P<0.001), and 10 min (777.6, 148.2 to 4078, P<0.001) leading to statistically significant less blood loss. The novel sealing hemostat provides faster and more sustained hemostasis than a fibrin sealant pad in a leporine hepatic segmentectomy and a porcine hepatic abrasion model of hepatic surgery.
Infected Osteoclastoma of the Knee: An Unusual Presentation
Authors: Pattanashetty O. B. , Dayanand B. B. , Mapari Yogesh , Bami Monish
Published: March 2014

Introduction. Giant cell tumor is a benign or locally aggressive tumor of uncertain origin that appears in mature bone, most commonly in the distal femur, proximal tibia which characteristically extends right up to the subarticular bone plate.Case Report. We report here a 35-year-old female presenting with swelling of the left knee. On examination, the swelling was solitary, about 20 × 15 cm in size with the skin over the swelling stretched and glistening. On the fifth day of hospital stay, the swelling burst open and blood tinged pus started pouring out. X-ray and MRI scan showed a well-defined T2 hyperintense expansile eccentrically located osteolytic lesion involving the metaphyseal region of the proximal tibia and extending into the subarticular space and multiple T1/T2 hypointense septations are noted within the lesion suggestive of osteoclastoma. The patient was counseled regarding the tumor and prognosis and various treatment options. She was treated successfully with above knee amputation. The tissue was sent for histopathology which confirmed osteoclastoma.Conclusion. It is important to recognize giant cell tumors early, so that they can be treated promptly with local measures to prevent morbidity and mortality in young adults.
Morphologic and Osteometric Analysis of the Skull of Markhoz Goat (Iranian Angora)
Authors: Goodarzi Nader , Shah Hoseini Toraj
Published: March 2014

This study provides some comprehensive osteometric and morphologic descriptions of the skull region of the Markhoz goat. Totally, 17 osteometric parameters of eight skulls of Markhoz goat were measured and expressed as mean ± SD. A skull length of18.67±0.66, a cranial length of11.1±0.38, a facial length of10.23±0.76, a skull index of47.77±1.96, a cranial index of54.04±2.29, a facial index of100.77±6.85and a foramen magnum index of89.32±14.1were recorded. Morphologically frontal bone did not constitute the caudal extent of frontal surface; rather it was formed by the parietal bone. There were two supraorbital foramina in both sides. The prominent facial tuberosity lies dorsally to the 3rd cheek tooth. The infraorbital foramen was single on either side which was located directly dorsally to the junction of the first and second upper premolar. The orbits were round and complete and located on a frontolateral oblique plane. The basilar part of the occipital bone was surrounded by two pairs of muscular tubercles with similar size. The temporal line was continuous of the temporal crest and ran over the parietal bone. In conclusion, the morphologic and osteometric data of Markhoz goat are comparable to other ruminants.
Choking Affects the Operation Diagram of a CFB Riser
Authors: Zhang H. L. , Degrève J. , Baeyens J. , Dewil R.
Published: March 2014

Experiments in 3 different CFB risers have confirmed that common riser operations can be hampered in a well-defined (U, G) range where choking occurs. Geldart A-type powders were investigated. Experimental results of the choking velocity were empirically correlated, being about 30% lower than predicted by the correlation of Bi and Fan, but largely exceeding other predictions. Introducing the findings into the operation diagram presented by Mahmoudi et al. adds a region where stable riser operation is impossible. The adapted diagram enables CFB designers to better delineate the operating characteristics.
The N-myc Oncogene: Maximizing its Targets, Regulation, and Therapeutic Potential
Authors: Beltran Himisha
Published: March 2014

N-myc (MYCN), a member of the Myc family of basic-helix–loop–helix–zipper (bHLHZ) transcription factors, is a central regulator of many vital cellular processes. As such, N-myc is well recognized for its classic oncogenic activity and association with human neuroblastoma. Amplification and overexpression of N-myc has been described in other tumor types, particularly those of neural origin and neuroendocrine tumors. This review outlines N-myc's contribution to normal development and oncogenic progression. In addition, it highlights relevant transcriptional targets and mechanisms of regulation. Finally, the clinical implications of N-Myc as a biomarker and potential as a target using novel therapeutic approaches are discussed. Mol Cancer Res; 12(6); 815–22. ©2014 AACR.
MYC, MAX, and Small Cell Lung Cancer
Authors: Rudin Charles M. , Poirier J.T.
Published: March 2014

Summary: In this issue of Cancer Discovery, Romero and colleagues identify somatic mutations and deletions of MAX, and also define what seem to be mutually exclusive alterations in MYC family members and other MYC-associated factors in small cell lung cancer. Taken together, these data highlight the importance of MYC signaling in small cell lung cancer and suggest possible avenues for therapeutic intervention. Cancer Discov; 4(3); 273–4. ©2014 AACR.

See related article by Romero et al., p. 292
Forecast: Rough Seas for Leukemia
Authors: Hockenbery David M.
Published: March 2014

Summary: Expression of BCL-2, BCL-XL, and MCL-1 in acute myelogenous leukemia is highly variable. Cellular BH3 profiling can help decide which are likely to respond to BCL-2–targeted BH3 mimetics. Cancer Discov; 4(3); 278–9. ©2014 AACR.

See related article by Pan et al., p. 362
Cancer–Testis Antigen 7 Expression and Immune Responses Following Allogeneic Stem Cell Transplantation for Multiple Myeloma
Authors: Tyler Eleanor M. , Jungbluth Achim A. , Gnjatic Sacha , O'Reilly Richard J. , Koehne Guenther
Published: March 2014

Cancer–testis antigen 7 (CT7) is the most frequently and consistently expressed MAGE antigen in multiple myeloma, exhibits tissue-restricted expression, and is an independent negative prognostic factor for multiple myeloma. We sought to characterize CT7 protein expression in the bone marrow of patients with multiple myeloma undergoing allogeneic T cell–depleted hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (alloTCD-HSCT), and to examine the significance of CT7-specific cellular immune responses. We further aimed to determine CT7-derived immunogenic epitopes and their associated allelic restrictions. CT7 protein expression in neoplastic CD138+ plasma cells was evaluated by immunohistochemistry in bone marrow biopsies from 10 patients. CT7 was present in 8 of 10 patients. Longitudinal analyses of the 10 patients revealed an association between CT7 expression and prognosis. Longitudinal monitoring of CT7-specific T cells revealed an association between increased frequencies of CT7-specific T cells and reductions in specific myeloma markers. Epitope-specific reactivity to the nonamer FLAMLKNTV was detected by intracellular IFNγ assay in peripheral blood (PB) and bone marrow–derived T cells from HLA-A*0201+ patients. Serial monitoring of PB CT7-specific T-cell frequencies in 4 HLA-A*0201+ patients by HLA-A*0201-CT7(1087–1095) tetramer staining revealed an association with disease course. Phenotypic analyses revealed bone marrow enrichment for central memory CT7-specific T cells, while effector memory cells dominated the PB. Together, these findings support the development of immunotherapeutic strategies that aim to enhance CT7-directed immune responses for the treatment of multiple myeloma. Cancer Immunol Res; 2(6); 547–58. ©2014 AACR.
Brugada Syndrome ECG Is Highly Prevalent in Schizophrenia
Authors: Blom Marieke T. , Cohen Dan , Seldenrijk Adrie , Penninx Brenda W.J.H. , Nijpels Giel , Stehouwer Coen D.A. , Dekker Jacqueline M. , Tan Hanno L.
Published: March 2014

Background—

The causes of increased risk of sudden cardiac death in schizophrenia are not resolved. We aimed to establish (1) whether ECG markers of sudden cardiac death risk, in particular Brugada-ECG pattern, are more prevalent among patients with schizophrenia, and (2) whether increased prevalence of these ECG markers in schizophrenia is explained by confounding factors, notably sodium channel–blocking medication.

Methods and Results—

In a cross-sectional study, we analyzed ECGs of a cohort of 275 patients with schizophrenia, along with medication use. We determined whether Brugada-ECG was present and assessed standard ECG measures (heart rate, PQ-, QRS-, and QT-intervals). We compared the findings with nonschizophrenic individuals of comparable age (the Netherlands Study of Depression and Anxiety [NESDA] cohort; N=179) and, to account for assumed increased aging rate in schizophrenia, with individuals 20 years older (Hoorn cohort; n=1168), using multivariate regression models. Brugada-ECG was significantly more prevalent in the schizophrenia cohort (11.6%) compared with NESDA controls (1.1%) or Hoorn controls (2.4%). Moreover, patients with schizophrenia had longer QT-intervals (410.9 versus 393.1 and 401.9 ms; both
P
<0.05), increased proportion of mild or severe QTc prolongation (13.1% and 5.8% versus 3.4% and 0.0% [NESDA], versus 5.1 and 2.8% [Hoorn]), and higher heart rates (80.8 versus 61.7 and 68.0 beats per minute; both
P
<0.05). The prevalence of Brugada-ECG was still increased (9.6%) when patients with schizophrenia without sodium channel–blocking medication were compared with either of the control cohorts.

Conclusions—

Brugada-ECG has increased prevalence among patients with schizophrenia. This association is not explained by the use of sodium channel–blocking medication.
The Religious Language of Russian Poets in 1812
Authors: Class James N.
Published: March 2014

Russian poets during the reign of Alexander I widely employed images and stories from Old Testament Scriptures to describe the ongoing wars with Napoleon, especially regarding the invasion of 1812. Their ideas are collected in a body of patriotic literature, which has received little attention for its literary merits but provides insight into the contemporary climate of opinion and the ways in which Russians responded to the French Revolution and Napoleon. Across Europe, other writers and intellectuals exhibited millenarian tendencies, seeking a renewed world with the old order swept away. While Russian writers exhibited similar concerns with finding a way to regenerate the decadent European world, they did so by appealing to their own experience as expiation for Europe’s sins. This study argues that the Napoleonic Wars catalyzed the development of Romantic Nationalism and the development of a messianic national myth, which arose primarily in Moscow after its destruction in 1812.
New species of Atropacarus (Hoplophorella), (Acari, Oribatida, Phthiracaridae) from the Afrotropical Region
Authors: NIEDBAŁA WOJCIECH , STARÝ JOSEF
Published: March 2014

Four new species of the subgenus Hoplophorella are desccribed and identified from the Afrotropical region: Atropacarus (Hoplophorella) curtisetosus sp. nov. from Uluguru Mountains of Tanzania, Atropacarus (Hoplophorella) distinctus sp. nov. from Ambohitantely Special Reserve of Madagascar, Atropacarus (Hoplophorella) othneios sp. nov. from Ranomafana National Park of Masagascar, and Atropacarus (Hoplophorella) stenos sp. nov.  from Nguru and Uluguru Mountains of Tanzania. A comparison with the most closely related species of the subgenus Hoplophorella is also presented.
Monoxia obesula Blake, 1939, a species native to the U.S.A. and adventive to Sardinia, Italy (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae: Galerucinae: Galerucini)
Authors: CLARK SHAWN M. , RATTU ANDREA , CILLO DAVIDE
Published: March 2014

Monoxia obesula Blake, 1939, a species native to North America, is newly found in Sardinia, Italy. This discovery constitutes the first report of the species from Europe, as well as the first report from outside of the U.S.A. The species is redescribed and illustrated, and errors in the original description are corrected. Host plants are species of Atriplex and Chenopodium occurring in saline habitats.
Clinical features and genetic analysis of three patients with severe hypertriglyceridaemia
Authors: Hooper Amanda J , Kurtkoti Jagadeesh , Hamilton-Craig Ian , Burnett John R
Published: March 2014

Hypertriglyceridaemia is a common biochemical abnormality that can be due to primary causes or, more commonly, secondary causes. Moderate hypertriglyceridaemia is a risk factor for cardiovascular disease and can develop into severe hypertriglyceridaemia which is a risk factor for acute pancreatitis. Familial chylomicronaemia is a rare autosomal recessive disorder, usually diagnosed in childhood and is characterized by marked hypertriglyceridaemia and biochemical deficiency of lipoprotein lipase (LPL), apolipoprotein (apo) C-II, homozygous (or compound heterozygous) gene mutations in LPL or more rarely, APOC2. Recently, loss-of-function mutations in the APOA5 gene have been reported in patients with severe hypertriglyceridaemia in whom LPL or APOC2 mutations were not found. We describe the clinical features and genetic analysis of three patients with severe hypertriglyceridaemia including novel mutations LPL c.464T>C (p.Leu155Pro) and APOA5 c.823C>T (p.Gln275*).
Systematic meta-analysis of outcomes associated with psychosis and co-morbid substance use
Authors: Large Matthew , Mullin Kate , Gupta Pal , Harris Anthony , Nielssen Olav
Published: March 2014

Objective:

To compare the symptoms and social function of patients with psychosis and current substance use to those with psychosis and no history of substance use.

Method:

The databases EMBASE, MEDLINE and PsycINFO were searched for peer-reviewed publications in English that reported the characteristics of patients with psychotic illness who were current substance users and those who had never used substances. The searches yielded 22 articles that met the inclusion criteria. Meta-analysis was used to compare four key outcome variables: positive symptoms, negative symptoms, depression and social function – and three secondary outcomes: violence, self-harm and hospital admissions.

Results:

Current substance-using patients were significantly younger than non-substance-using patients and were more likely to be male, but did not differ in age at onset of psychosis or in their level of education. Current substance users had higher ratings of positive symptoms and were more likely to have a history of violence. Older studies reported a stronger association between current substance use and positive symptoms than more recently published studies. Current substance users did not differ from non-users on measurements of negative symptoms, depressive symptoms, social function, self-harm, or the number of hospital admissions.

Conclusion:

Current substance users with psychosis may have more severe positive symptoms than patients who have never used substances, but this result should be interpreted with caution because of demographic differences between substance users and non-substance users.