bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Development of a training and implementation model for school‐based behavioral health interventions
Authors: Goldenthal Hayley J. , Raviv Tali , Baker Sybil , Holley Carmen , Summersett Williams Faith , Gouze Karen R.
Published: February 2021

Despite efforts to embed mental health supports within schools, few models exist to facilitate the implementation of targeted (Tier II) evidence‐based interventions in schools. To address this gap, a collaborative partnership was formed between a pediatric teaching hospital and a large urban public school district. The current exploratory study details the development and implementation of a training model (Comprehensive Implementation Training and Support—CITAS) that addresses both consultation and organizational factors known to promote the successful implementation of Tier II interventions. Additionally, the study utilizes a case example approach to highlight initial promise and areas for future development. Results demonstrated a need for CITAS to support effective implementation and provided encouraging data on the acceptability, feasibility, and initial promise of this model. Participating clinicians demonstrated engagement and satisfaction with the activities included in the CITAS model, high levels of fidelity to the intervention, and improvement in outcomes for students participating in Anger Coping groups facilitated by CITAS clinicians. Findings also indicated that the CITAS model facilitated the navigation of organizational barriers (e.g., leadership support, resources, time) that promoted implementation success.
Bronchopulmonary dysplasia—A historical perspective
Authors: Allen Julian , Panitch Howard
Published: February 2021

Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) was first described by Northway et al in 1967. This article describes the evolution of our understanding of the pathophysiology of BPD and the approaches to treatments of this illness developed over the past fifty years. These interventions had their roots in the understanding of the principles of the surface tension present at air–liquid interfaces, which were developed over 150 years before BPD's initial description. Improving outcomes in neonatal care have led to greater survival of preterm and very preterm infants, and to an evolution of the pathogenesis and pathology of BPD, from an illness caused primarily by barotrauma and oxygen toxicity to one of interruption of lung development. While the incidence of BPD has remained about the same in recent decades, this is because survival of infants born at lower gestational ages is increasing. Understanding of molecular, genetic and physiologic mechanisms has led to newer treatments that have mitigated some of the harmful effects of prolonged mechanical ventilation. Recognition of BPD as a chronic multi‐system disease has resulted in further improvements in care after discharge from neonatal intensive care. Since many of the origins of chronic obstructive lung disease in adults are based in childhood respiratory illnesses, improving outcomes of BPD in infancy and childhood will undoubtedly lead to improved respiratory outcomes in the adults that these children will become.
Quantification of BNN27, a novel neuroprotective 17‐spiroepoxy dehydroepiandrosterone derivative in the blood and retina of rodents, after single intraperitoneal administration
Authors: Tsika Chrysanthi , Tzatzarakis Manolis N. , Antimisiaris Sophia G. , Tsoka Pavlina , Efstathopoulos Paschalis , Charalampopoulos Ioannis , Gravanis Achille , Tsilimbaris Miltiadis K.
Published: February 2021

BNN27 is a novel 17‐spiroepoxy derivative of the neurosteroid Dehydroepiandrosterone with neuroprotective properties. The purpose of this study was the detection and quantification of BNN27 after single intraperitoneal administration, in the serum and retina of normal rodents. Forty‐two C57BL/6 mice and 48 Sprague–Dawley rats were used for the quantification of BNN27 in the blood serum and retina, respectively. BNN27 was injected intraperitoneally (i.p.) at concentrations of 100 and 30 mg/kg of body weight (b.w.), respectively. The blood was collected with retro‐orbital bleeding and the retina was isolated after enucleation at various time points. The molecule concentrations were measured with Liquid chromatography‐mass spectrometry (LC‐MS). Non‐compartmental analysis was used to determine pharmacokinetic parameters. BNN27 was found to have an elimination constant kel = 0.465 h−1 and mean residence time (MRT) 2.154 h in the mouse serum. The maximum concentration (Cmax) in the retina was detected at 2 h () after intraperitoneal administration and was equal to 1100 ng/g. BNN27 is rapidly eliminated from both blood and retina. In the retina specifically, it is undetectable 6 h after injection. BNN27 shows a rapid systemic elimination as anticipated by its small size and lipophilicity. It is measurable in small peripheral tissues such as the rat retina, after one single i.p. injection, using a simple method such as LC‐MS. Its detection in the retina corroborates the existing biological data that the molecule crosses the blood–retinal barrier, highlighting it as a potential neuroprotective agent for retinal disease.
Learnings from over a decade of increasing pesticide resistance in the redlegged earth mite, Halotydeus destructor (Tucker)
Authors: Arthur Aston L , Maino James , Hoffmann Ary A , Jasper Moshe , Lord Alan , Micic Svetlana , Edwards Owain , van Rooyen Anthony , Umina Paul A
Published: February 2021

BACKGROUND

The redlegged earth mite, Halotydeus destructor (Tucker), is a destructive and economically important pest of winter grain crops and pastures in Australia. It is largely controlled by pesticides, but this mite has evolved resistance to pyrethroid and organophosphate chemicals. A national Resistance Management Strategy has been developed for pro‐active management to delay further resistance evolution, though its success is reliant on a detailed understanding of the incidence, patterns of spread, current distribution and the nature of resistance in the field. Here, we report on a long‐term resistance surveillance programme undertaken between 2006 and 2019 informed by resistance risk forecasting.

RESULTS

By mapping the Australian distribution of resistance through time, we show that resistance is present across three Australian states and covers more than 3000 km. This current range includes a recently identified population exhibiting organophosphate resistance representing the most easterly location of resistance in H. destructor. Using field history information, we identify associations for the first time between crop management practices employed by farmers and the presence of pyrethroid resistance. Management strategies that could minimize the risk of further resistance include limiting local spread of resistance through farm hygiene practices, crop rotations and reducing pesticide usage.

CONCLUSION

This study highlights the challenges of resistance in H. destructor but also indicates how quantitative resistance risk analysis can be developed to target field surveillance and delay further resistance. The management strategies highlighted in this study can help maintain the effectiveness of control options but will depend on farmer engagement and adoption.

© 2021 Society of Chemical Industry.
Aphidophagous hoverflies reduce foxglove aphid infestations and improve seed set and fruit yield in sweet pepper
Authors: Moerkens Rob , Boonen Sten , Wäckers Felix L , Pekas Apostolos
Published: February 2021

BACKGROUND

Larvae of many hoverfly species prey upon aphids, whereas the adults, by relying on nectar and pollen, contribute to the pollination of many plant species. Despite their great potential for pest control and pollination, important gaps still exist regarding the efficacy of hoverflies in regulating infestations of major aphid pests in augmentative biological control programs. Here, we tested the potential of the commercially available hoverflies Eupeodes corollae and Sphaerophoria rueppellii to regulate populations of the foxglove aphid Aulacorthum solani in sweet pepper.

RESULTS

In a semi‐field experiment, aphid numbers were 93.2% and 78.4% lower in the E. corollae and S. rueppellii treatments, respectively, compared to the control. Fruit yield was increased by 390% and 361% and seed set by 395% and 399% for E. corollae and S. rueppellii. In a separate laboratory trial, we found that under conditions of limited prey, hoverfly larvae did not complete development, but that larvae of S. rueppellii survived significantly longer than larvae of E. corollae.

CONCLUSION

We have shown for the first time that E. corollae and S. rueppellii can reduce infestations of foxglove aphid in sweet pepper. The limited amount of prey, related to the small size of the A. solani colonies, means that hoverfly larvae were often not able to complete development. In practice, repeated releases of hoverflies, possibly in combination with other natural enemies, might be used to achieve effective suppression of A. solani infestations.

© 2021 Society of Chemical Industry
Use of rodenticide bait stations by commensal rodents at the urban–wildland interface: Insights for management to reduce nontarget exposure
Authors: Burke Christopher B , Quinn Niamh M , Stapp Paul
Published: February 2021

BACKGROUND

Pest management professionals use anticoagulant rodenticides, usually placed in tamper‐resistant bait stations, to control commensal rodents, but significant concerns remain about exposure of nontarget species, especially at the urban–wildland interface. We deployed digital cameras to monitor use of bait stations placed in 90 residential yards across Orange County, California, USA. Two bait stations, supplied with nontoxic bait, were monitored in each yard for approximately 30 consecutive days during two camera‐trapping sessions between December 2017 and March 2019. One station was placed on the ground, while the other was elevated 1–1.5 m to determine if elevating stations could reduce nontarget exposure.

RESULTS

Black rats (Rattus rattus L.) were present at 80% of sites, with mean activity ranging from 0 to 9.6 h each night. There were no significant differences between elevated and ground stations in the time to discovery, time to bait station entry, or nightly activity of rats. Rats discovered bait stations more quickly, and mean nightly activity was greater, in yards where rats were detected more frequently. Although native rodents visited and entered bait stations occasionally, they were relatively rare among our sites (13.3%), and were detected five times less often at elevated stations compared to those on the ground. Yards visited by these rodents were significantly nearer to areas of green open space and natural vegetation, and tended to have no significant barriers to entry, e.g. solid fences or walls.

CONCLUSIONS

By elevating bait stations and avoiding placing rodenticides in yards that are likely to be visited by wildlife, pest management professionals may be able to reduce the risk of nontarget exposure, including secondary poisoning of predators and scavengers, while still providing effective control of commensal pests. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry.
Molecular engineering of triphenylamine‐based metal‐free organic dyes for dye‐sensitized solar cells
Authors: Pakravesh Faezeh , Izadyar Mohammad , Arkan Foroogh
Published: February 2021

In this study, the photovoltaic properties of the organic dyes based on triphenylamine having a D‐π‐A structure including TC201, TC202, TC203, TC601, H‐P, F‐P, FF‐P, T‐F, and P1B were investigated theoretically. In this model, triphenylamine was used as an electron donor, cyanoacrylic acid, and benzoic acid as the electron acceptors, and anthracene phenyl, anthracene vinyl phenyl, anthracene ethynyl phenyl, ethynyl anthracene phenyl, styryl phenyl, styryl‐2‐fluorophenyl, styryl‐2,6‐difluorophenyl, styryl furan, and styryl as the π‐conjugated systems. The results show that a change in the π‐conjugated system and electron acceptor affect the properties of the dye‐sensitized solar cell (DSSC). Also, TC601 dye having the ethynyl anthracene phenyl π‐conjugated system shows the highest charge transfer distance (DCT) and the least overlap of the electron–hole distribution (S) in comparison with other dyes. Moreover, the presence of a triple bond in the vicinity of triphenylamine increases the resonance effect of the π‐electrons that facilitates the process of charge transfer in this dye. Spectroscopic analysis shows that H‐P and F‐P dyes have the higher molecular absorption coefficients and TC202, TC203, F‐P, and T‐F dyes show a red shift in comparison with other dyes. Moreover, the voltage–current curve of the studied dyes shows that the highest values of the open circuit voltage and short circuit current density are related to P1B and TC601 dyes, respectively. Finally, TC601 and P1B are proposed as the best candidates to be used in the DSSCs due to their maximum incident photon to current conversion efficiency.
Robotic posterior capsule polishing by optical coherence tomography image guidance
Authors: Gerber Matthew J. , Hubschman Jean‐Pierre , Tsao Tsu‐Chin
Published: February 2021

Background

In cataract surgery, polishing of the posterior capsule (PC) can lead to improved surgical outcomes but is currently avoided due to its high‐risk nature. This work developed a robotic system capable of performing PC polishing on ex vivo pig eyes using optical coherence tomography (OCT) guidance.

Methods

The lenses of five ex vivo pig eyes were extracted and a thin layer of glue deposited onto the PC. Transpupillary OCT scans of the anterior segment were used to generate a PC‐polishing trajectory. During polishing, OCT B‐scans tracked the tool tip and were displayed to the operator.

Results

Complete removal of the glue was accomplished in all five trials with no PC rupture reported.

Conclusions

The feasibility of using a robotic system guided by OCT to perform PC polishing on a biological model was demonstrated. Contributions include modelling of the PC anatomy, intraoperative OCT visualization, and automated tool‐tip motion with scheduled aspiration pressures.
Efficacy of cyclic and extended regimens of ethinylestradiol 0.02 mg ‐levonorgestrel 0.09 mg for dysmenorrhea: A placebo‐controlled, double‐blind, randomized trial
Authors: Harada Tasuku , Momoeda Mikio
Published: February 2021

Purpose

We aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of 28‐day Cyclic and 84‐day Extended regimens of NPC‐16 (ethinylestradiol 0.02 mg plus levonorgestrel 0.09 mg) in patients with dysmenorrhea.

Methods

This was a placebo‐controlled, double‐blind, randomized trial conducted in Japan. A total of 251 primary and secondary dysmenorrhea patients were randomly assigned to the NPC‐16‐Cyclic group, NPC‐16‐Extended group, or the Placebo group. The primary end point was a comparison of the efficacy and safety of the Cyclic and Extended NPC‐16 regimen for the treatment of dysmenorrhea relative to the Placebo.

Main findings

Significantly greater reductions in total dysmenorrhea score and visual analog scale score were observed in the Cyclic and Extended groups compared with the Placebo group. Compared with the Cyclic regimen as a secondary end point, the Extended regimen exhibited greater efficacy in the treatment of dysmenorrhea over the course of the study period, particularly in patients with severe dysmenorrhea. The incidence of adverse drug reactions (ADRs) was significantly higher in the Cyclic and Extended groups than in the Placebo group.

Conclusion

The Cyclic and Extended regimens of NPC‐16 significantly reduced dysmenorrhea severity compared to placebo. The Extended regimen was superior to cyclic regimen in reducing the dysmenorrhea.
Subsampling from features in large regression to find “winning features”
Authors: Fan Yiying , Sun Jiayang
Published: February 2021

Feature (or variable) selection from a large number ofpfeatures continuously challenges data science, especially for ever‐enlarging data and in discovering scientifically important features in a regression setting. For example, to develop valid drug targets for ovarian cancer, we must control the false‐discovery rate (FDR) of a selection procedure. The popular approach to feature selection in large‐pregression uses a penalized likelihood or a shrinkage estimation, such as a LASSO, SCAD, Elastic Net, or MCP procedure. We present a different approach called the Subsampling Winner algorithm (SWA), which subsamples frompfeatures. The idea of SWA is analogous to selecting US national merit scholars' that selects semifinalists based on student's performance in tests done at local schools (a.k.a. subsample analyses), and then determine the finalists (a.k.a. winning features) from the semifinalists. Due to its subsampling nature, SWA can scale to data of any dimension. SWA also has the best‐controlled FDR compared to the penalized and Random Forest procedures while having a competitive true‐feature discovery rate. Our application of SWA to an ovarian cancer data revealed functionally important genes and pathways.
Hepatic lipid metabolomics in response to heat stress in local broiler chickens breed (Huaixiang chickens)
Authors: Guo Yan , Liao Jia‐Hao , Liang Zi‐Long , Balasubramanian Balamuralikrishnan , Liu Wen‐Chao
Published: February 2021

High‐temperature environment‐induced heat stress (HS) is a hazard environmental element for animals, leading to dramatic changes in physiological and metabolic function. However, the metabolomic‐level mechanisms underlying lipid metabolism in liver of slow‐growing broilers are still obscure. The present study investigated the effects of HS on hepatic lipidomics in Chinese indigenous slow‐growing broilers (Huaixiang chickens). The study includes two treatments, each treatment had 5 replicates with 4 broilers per cage, where a total of 40 eight‐week‐old female Huaixiang chickens (average initial body weight of 840.75 ± 20.79 g) were randomly divided into normal temperature (NT) and HS groups for 4 weeks, and the broilers of NT and HS groups were exposed to 21.3 ± 1.2℃ and 32.5 ± 1.4℃ respectively. The relative humidity of the two groups was maintained at 55%–70%. The liquid chromatography‐mass spectrometry (LC‐MS)‐based metabolomics were conducted to evaluate the changes in hepatic lipidomics of broilers. The results showed that there were 12 differential metabolites between the two treatments. Compared with the NT group, HS group reduced the levers of hepatic phosphatidylcholine (PC) (16:0/16:0), PC (16:0/18:2), triglyceride (TG) (16:0/16:1/18:1), TG (18:0/18:1/20:4) (VIP > 1 and p < 0.05), while increased PC (18:1/20:3), PC (18:0/18:1), PC (18:1/18:1), PC (18:0/22:5), dimethyl‐phosphatidyl ethanolamine (dMePE) (14:0/18:3), dMePE (18:0/18:1) and dMePE (16:0/20:3) levels (Variable Importance in the Projection; VIP > 1 and p < 0.05). In addition, according to the analysis of metabolic pathway, the pathways of linoleic acid, alpha‐linolenic acid, glycerolipid and glycerophospholipid metabolism were involved in the effects of HS on hepatic lipid metabolism of broilers (p < 0.05). In conclusion, HS altered the hepatic lipid metabolism mainly through linoleic acid, alpha‐linolenic acid, glycerolipid and glycerophospholipid metabolism pathway in indigenous broilers. These findings provided novel insights into the role of HS on hepatic lipidomics in Chinese indigenous broiler chickens.
Light mass window of lepton portal dark matter
Authors: Okawa Shohei , Omura Yuji
Published: February 2021

Abstract

We explore a novel possibility that dark matter has a light mass below 1 GeV in a lepton portal dark matter model. There are Yukawa couplings involving dark matter, left-handed leptons and an extra scalar doublet in the model. In the light mass region, dark matter is thermally produced via its annihilation into neutrinos. In order to obtain the correct relic abundance and avoid collider bounds, a neutral scalar is required to be light while charged scalars need to be heavier than the electroweak scale. Such a mass spectrum is realized by adjusting quartic couplings in the scalar potential or introducing an extra singlet scalar. It turns out that the mass region of 10 MeV–10 GeV is almost free from experimental and observational constraints. We also point out that searches for extra neutrino flux from galactic dark matter annihilations with neutrino telescopes are the best way to test our model.
Advanced Hodgkin lymphoma in the East of England: a 10-year comparative analysis of outcomes for real-world patients treated with ABVD or escalated-BEACOPP, aged less than 60 years, compared with 5-year extended follow-up from the RATHL trial
Authors: Russell James , Collins Angela , Fowler Alexis , Karanth Mamatha , Saha Chandan , Docherty Suzanne , Padayatty Joseph , Maw Kyaw , Lentell Isabel , Cooke Lisa , Hodson Andrew , Shah Nimish , Sadullah Shalal , Grigoropoulos Nicholas , Qian Wendi , Kirkwood Amy A. , Uttenthal Benjamin J. , Johnson Peter , Follows George A.
Published: February 2021

Treatment with ABVD (doxorubicin, bleomycin, vinblastine, and dacarbazine) or escalated(e)-BEACOPP (bleomycin, etoposide, doxorubicin, cyclophosphamide, vincristine, procarbazine, and prednisolone) remains the international standard of care for advanced-stage classical Hodgkin lymphoma (HL). We performed a retrospective, multicentre analysis of 221 non-trial (“real-world”) patients, aged 16–59 years, diagnosed with advanced-stage HL in the Anglia Cancer Network between 2004 and 2014, treated with ABVD or eBEACOPP, and compared outcomes with 1088 patients in the Response-Adjusted Therapy for Advanced Hodgkin Lymphoma (RATHL) trial, aged 18–59 years, with median follow-up of 87.0 and 69.5 months, respectively. Real-world ABVD patients (n=177) had highly similar 5-year progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) compared with RATHL (PFS 79.2% vs 81.4%; OS 92.9% vs 95.2%), despite interim positron-emission tomography-computed tomography (PET/CT)-guided dose-escalation being predominantly restricted to trial patients. Real-world eBEACOPP patients (n=44) had superior PFS (95.5%) compared with real-world ABVD (HR 0.20, p=0.027) and RATHL (HR 0.21, p=0.015), and superior OS for higher-risk (international prognostic score ≥3 [IPS 3+]) patients compared with real-world IPS 3+ ABVD (100% vs 84.5%, p=0.045), but not IPS 3+ RATHL patients. Our data support a PFS, but not OS, advantage for patients with advanced-stage HL treated with eBEACOPP compared with ABVD and suggest higher-risk patients may benefit disproportionately from more intensive therapy. However, increased access to effective salvage therapies might minimise any OS benefit from reduced relapse rates after frontline therapy.
Hospital admissions of acute cerebrovascular diseases during and after the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic: a state-wide experience from Austria
Authors: Gattringer Thomas , Fandler-Höfler Simon , Kneihsl Markus , Hofer Edith , Köle Wolfgang , Schmidt Reinhold , Tscheliessnigg Karl-Heinz , Frank Almut-Michaela , Enzinger Christian
Published: February 2021

We investigated hospital admission rates for the entire spectrum of acute cerebrovascular diseases and of recanalization treatments for ischaemic stroke (IS) in the Austrian federal state of Styria during and also after the first coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) wave. We retrospectively identified all patients with transient ischaemic attack (TIA), IS and non-traumatic intracranial haemorrhage (ICH; including intracerebral, subdural and subarachnoid bleeding types) admitted to one of the 11 public hospitals in Styria (covering > 95% of inhospital cerebrovascular events in this region). Information was extracted from the electronic medical documentation network connecting all public Styrian hospitals. We analysed two periods of interest: (1) three peak months of the first COVID-19 wave (March–May 2020), and (2) three recovery months thereafter (June–August 2020), compared to respective periods 4 years prior (2016–2019) using Poisson regression. In the three peak months of the first COVID-19 wave, there was an overall decline in hospital admissions for acute cerebrovascular diseases (RR = 0.83, 95% CI 0.78–0.89, p < 0.001), which was significant for TIA (RR = 0.61, 95% CI 0.52–0.72, p < 0.001) and ICH (0.78, 95% CI 0.67–0.91, p = 0.02), but not for IS (RR = 0.93, 95% CI 0.85–1, p = 0.08). Thrombolysis and thrombectomy numbers were not different compared to respective months 4 years prior. In the recovery period after the first COVID-19 wave, TIA (RR = 0.82, 95% CI 0.71–0.96, p = 0.011) and ICH (RR = 0.86, 95% CI 0.74–0.99, p = 0.045) hospitalizations remained lower, while the frequency of IS and recanalization treatments was unchanged. In this state-wide analysis covering all types of acute cerebrovascular diseases, hospital admissions for TIA and ICH were reduced during and also after the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic, but hospitalizations and recanalization treatments for IS were not affected in these two periods.
Hierarchical spatial sampling reveals factors influencing arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus diversity in Côte d’Ivoire cocoa plantations
Authors: Rincón Cristian , Droh Germain , Villard Lucas , Masclaux Frédéric G. , N’guetta Assanvo , Zeze Adolphe , Sanders Ian R.
Published: February 2021

While many molecular studies have documented arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) communities in temperate ecosystems, very few studies exist in which molecular techniques have been used to study tropical AMF communities. Understanding the composition of AMF communities in tropical areas gains special relevance as crop productivity in typically low fertility tropical soils can be improved with the use of AMF. We used a hierarchical sampling approach in which we sampled soil from cocoa (Theobroma cacao L.) plantations nested in localities, and in which localities were nested within each of three regions of Côte d’Ivoire. This sampling strategy, combined with 18S rRNA gene sequencing and a dedicated de novo OTU-picking model, allowed us to study AMF community composition and how it is influenced at different geographical scales and across environmental gradients. Several factors, including pH, influenced overall AMF alpha diversity and differential abundance of specific taxa and families of the Glomeromycotina. Assemblages and diversity metrics at the local scale did not reliably predict those at regional scales. The amount of variation explained by soil, climate, and geography variables left a large proportion of the variance to be explained by other processes, likely happening at smaller scales than the ones considered in this study. Gaining a better understanding of processes involved in shaping tropical AMF community composition and AMF establishment are much needed and could allow for the development of sustainable, productive tropical agroecosystems.
Effect of childhood pneumococcal vaccination and beta-lactam antibiotic use on the incidence of invasive pneumococcal disease in the adult population
Authors: Chávez Abelardo Fernández , Comas Luis García , Moreno Juan Carlos Sanz , Moreno Rafael Cantón , de Provens Octavio Corral Pazos , Andrés Jesús María Aranaz
Published: February 2021

Describe the incidence of invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD) in serotypes with reduced antibiotic sensitivity to penicillin (RAS-Pen) in adults over 59 years of age and its association with childhood anti-pneumococcal vaccination coverage (CVC) and community consumption of beta-lactam. We selected IPD cases in adults over 59 years of age reported in the Community of Madrid between 2007 and 2016. We estimated the incidence of cases caused by serotypes included in the 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV13), those not included (non-PCV13) and the six serotypes additional to the 7-valent (PCV13-no7). We compared the incidences of serotypes from the pre-vaccine period (2007–2009) and the vaccine period (2011–2016) by analysing the incidence trend (JointPoint Trend Analysis) and its association with the CVC and community consumption of beta-lactam (Poisson model). We identified 1936 cases of IPD, 29.2% (n = 565) in serotypes with RAS-Pen. The incidence decreased for PCV13 cases (annual percentage of change, APC: -12.2, p < 0.05) and increased for non-PCV13 (APC: 15.4, p < 0.05). The incidence of IPD due to non-PCV13 was associated with community beta-lactam consumption (IRR 1.156; CI95% 1.025–1.304) and that of cases of PCV13-no7 with CVC (IRR 0.574; 95% CI95% 0.413–0.797). The non-PCV13 strains that increased the most at the end of the period were 6C, 11A and 15A. The incidence of IPD due to PCV13 with RAS-Pen at > 59 years was decreasing and was associated with CVC. The incidence of cases due to non-PCV13 was increasing and was associated with community consumption of beta-lactam.
TEI-friendly annotation scheme for medieval named entities: a case on a Spanish medieval corpus
Authors: Álvarez-Mellado Elena , Díez-Platas María Luisa , Ruiz-Fabo Pablo , Bermúdez Helena , Ros Salvador , González-Blanco Elena
Published: February 2021

Medieval documents are a rich source of historical data. Performing named-entity recognition (NER) on this genre of texts can provide us with valuable historical evidence. However, traditional NER categories and schemes are usually designed with modern documents in mind (i.e. journalistic text) and the general-domain NER annotation schemes fail to capture the nature of medieval entities. In this paper we explore the challenges of performing named-entity annotation on a corpus of Spanish medieval documents: we discuss the mismatches that arise when applying traditional NER categories to a corpus of Spanish medieval documents and we propose a novel humanist-friendly TEI-compliant annotation scheme and guidelines intended to capture the particular nature of medieval entities.
Guidelines for co-creating climate adaptation plans for fisheries and aquaculture
Authors: Pham Thuy Thi Thanh , Friðriksdóttir Ragnhildur , Weber Charlotte T. , Viðarsson Jónas R. , Papandroulakis Nikos , Baudron Alan R. , Olsen Petter , Hansen Juliana A. , Laksá Unn , Fernandes Paul G. , Bahri Tarub , Ragnarsson Sigurður Ö. , Aschan Michaela
Published: February 2021

Climate change is having a significant impact on the biology and ecology of fish stocks and aquaculture species and will affect the productivity within seafood supply chains in the future. The challenges are further amplified when actors within the fisheries and aquaculture sectors have very different ideas and assumptions about climate change and what risks and opportunities they entail. In order to address the challenges of climate change, several countries have developed national adaptation plans. However, fisheries and aquaculture are rarely included in these plans, resulting in a general lack of documented adaptation strategies within these sectors in most countries. This paper introduces guidelines for the development of climate adaptation plans (CAPs) within fisheries and aquaculture, applying a co-creation approach that requires the participation of scientists, industry representatives, policymakers, and other relevant stakeholders. The objective is to provide a stepwise approach to facilitate and enable stakeholders to plan strategies toward climate adaptation. The guidelines are based on practical experience and include a three-step process: (1) assessment of risks and opportunities; (2) identification of adaptation measures, and (3) operationalization of CAPs. The three-step process is also part of a larger cycle, including implementation, monitoring, and evaluation, again generating iterative feedback loops over time. Lessons learned are discussed, and we highlight the advantages and challenges of developing CAPs. While the guidelines are designed for and tested within fisheries and aquaculture systems, the CAP approach is also employable for other natural resource-based systems.
Oxygen content-related DNA damage of graphene oxide on human retinal pigment epithelium cells
Authors: Ou Liling , Lv Xiujuan , Wu Zixia , Xia Weibo , Huang Yida , Chen Luya , Sun Wenjie , Qi Yao , Yang Mei , Qi Lei
Published: February 2021

Arguments regarding the biocompatibility of graphene-based materials (GBMs) have never ceased. Particularly, the genotoxicity (e.g., DNA damage) of GBMs has been considered the greatest risk to healthy cells. Detailed genotoxicity studies of GBMs are necessary and essential. Herein, we present our recent studies on the genotoxicity of most widely used GBMs such as graphene oxide (GO) and the chemically reduced graphene oxide (RGO) toward human retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) cells. The genotoxicity of GO and RGOs against ARPE-19 (a typical RPE cell line) cells was investigated using the alkaline comet assay, the expression level of phosphorylated p53 determined via Western blots, and the release level of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Our results suggested that both GO and RGOs induced ROS-dependent DNA damage. However, the DNA damage was enhanced following the reduction of the saturated C–O bonds in GO, suggesting that surface oxygen-containing groups played essential roles in the reduced genotoxicity of graphene and had the potential possibility to reduce the toxicity of GBMs via chemical modification.
A-continuity and measure
Authors: Ivanova Gertruda , Wagner-Bojakowska Elżbieta
Published: February 2021

We introduce the notions of λ-Baire property and λ-semiopen set using sets of Lebesgue measure zero. For a family A of subsets of the real line, we define the (λ∗)-property analogously as it was done in the category case for the (∗)-property. The main result is that the family A of all subsets of the real line having the λ-Baire property has the (λ∗)-property iff A is situated between the Euclidean topology and the family of λ-semiopen sets.
Long Non-coding RNA GAS5 Worsens Coronary Atherosclerosis Through MicroRNA-194-3p/TXNIP Axis
Authors: Li Yanbing , Geng Yu , Zhou Boda , Wu Xuejiao , Zhang Ou , Guan Xiaonan , Xue Yajun , Li Siyuan , Zhuang Xianjing , Zhou Jie , Chang Meng , Miao Guobin , Wang Lizhong
Published: February 2021

It is formerly conducted that long non-coding RNA growth arrest-specific 5 (GAS5) is involved in the process of coronary atherosclerosis (AS). The regulatory effects of GAS5 on the microRNA (miR)-194-3p/thioredoxin-interacting protein (TXNIP) axis in AS have been insufficiently explored yet. Thereafter, this work is started from GAS5/miR-194-3p/TXNIP axis in AS. AS rats were modeled to obtain their coronary vascular tissues and endothelial cells (ECs), in which GAS5, miR-194-3p, and TXNIP expression were tested. ECs were identified by immunohistochemistry. The mechanism among GAS5, miR-194-3p, and TXNIP was determined. ECs were transfected with inhibited GAS5 or overexpressed miR-194-3p to decipher their functions in proliferation and apoptosis of ECs in AS. Raised GAS5 and TXNIP and degraded miR-194-3p expression levels exhibited in AS. GAS5 bound to miR-194-3p while miR-194-3p targeted TXNIP. Depleting GAS5 or restoring miR-194-3p enhanced proliferation and depressed apoptosis of ECs in AS. This work clearly manifests that inhibited GAS5 facilitates the growth of ECs through miR-194-3p-targeted TXNIP in AS, consolidating the basal reference to the curing for AS.
A probabilistic model to evaluate the effectiveness of main solutions to COVID-19 spreading in university buildings according to proximity and time-based consolidated criteria
Authors: D’Orazio Marco , Bernardini Gabriele , Quagliarini Enrico
Published: February 2021

University buildings are one of the most relevant closed environments in which the COVID-19 event clearly pointed out stakeholders’ needs toward safety issues, especially because of the possibility of day-to-day presences of the same users (i.e. students, teachers) and overcrowding causing long-lasting contacts with possible “infectors”. While waiting for the vaccine, as for other public buildings, policy-makers’ measures to limit virus outbreaks combine individual’s strategies (facial masks), occupants’ capacity and access control. But, up to now, no easy-to-apply tools are available for assessing the punctual effectiveness of such measures. To fill this gap, this work proposes a quick and probabilistic simulation model based on consolidated proximity and exposure-time-based rules for virus transmission confirmed by international health organizations. The building occupancy is defined according to university scheduling, identifying the main “attraction areas” in the building (classrooms, break-areas). Scenarios are defined in terms of occupants’ densities and the above-mentioned mitigation strategies. The model is calibrated on experimental data and applied to a relevant university building. Results demonstrate the model capabilities. In particular, it underlines that if such strategies are not combined, the virus spreading can be limited by only using high protection respiratory devices (i.e. FFP3) by almost every occupant. On the contrary, the combination between access control and building capacity limitation can lead to the adoption of lighter protective devices (i.e. surgical masks), thus improving the feasibility, users’ comfort and favorable reception. Simplified rules to combine acceptable mask filters-occupants’ density are thus provided to help stakeholders in organizing users’ presences in the building during the pandemic.
Evaluating a computerized maintenance management system in a low resource setting
Authors: Beniacoub Farah , Ntwari Fabrice , Niyonkuru Jean-Paul , Nyssen Marc , Van Bastelaere Stefaan
Published: February 2021

This study documents the setup and roll-out of a Computerized Maintenance Management System (CMMS) in Burundi’s resource constrained health care system between 1/04/2017 and 31/03/2020. First, in 2017 a biomedical assets ontology was created, tailored to the local health system and progressively mapped on international GMDN (Global Medical Devices Nomenclature) and ICMD (International Classification and Nomenclature of Medical Devices) classifications. This ontology was the cornerstone of a web-based CMMS, deployed in the Kirundo and Muramvya provinces (6 health districts, 4 hospitals and 73 health centers).

During the study period, the total number of biomedical maintenance interventions increased from 4 to 350 per month, average corrective maintenance delays were reduced from 106 to 26 days and the proportion of functional medical assets grew from 88 to 91%.

This study proves that a sustainable implementation of a CMMS is feasible and highly useful in low resource settings, if (i) the implementation is done in a conducive technical environment with correct workshops and maintenance equipment, (ii) the active cooperation of the administrative authorities is ensured, (iii) sufficient training efforts are made, (iv) necessary hardware and internet connectivity is available and (v) adequate local technical support can be provided.
A digital tumor board solution impacts case discussion time and postponement of cases in tumor boards
Authors: Hammer Richard D. , Fowler Donna , Sheets Lincoln R. , Siadimas Athanasios , Guo Chaohui , Prime Matthew S.
Published: February 2021

Multidisciplinary tumor boards (TBs) is an integral part of cancer care. Emerging evidence shows that effective TB implementation is crucial. It remains largely unknown how digital solutions can assist effective TB conduction. This study aimed to evaluate the impact of a digital solution on case discussion during TB meetings in four cancer types: Breast, Gastrointestinal (GI), Ear, Nose & Throat (ENT), and Hematopathology. A prospective study was performed to evaluate case discussion time during TB meetings pre- and post-solution implementation, at an US academic healthcare cancer center. Data were recorded by a Nurse Navigator for each case during TB meetings. Case discussion times were recorded for 2312 patients, at a total of 286 TB meetings. Significant decreases were observed in the average case discussion time for the breast and GI TBs. We observed a trend for reduction in discussion time variance for all TBs, suggesting the potential of the digital solution to standardize case discussion via provision of uniform case presentation and data access. Postponement rate decreased from 23 to 10% for ENT TB. This study demonstrated that the digital solution enhanced effective TB implementation, with heterogeneity across cancer types.
Impact of a Culturally Tailored Education Intervention for African-American and Appalachian Men in Ohio
Authors: Dougherty Bryn , Fisher James L. , Adeyanju Toyin , Paskett Electra
Published: February 2021

Men, particularly those of underserved groups, bear a disproportionate cancer burden. Knowledge about cancer and screening is associated with adherence to screening guidelines. However it is possible that a correlation exists between an individual’s education attainment and ability to gain knowledge from health education. Men were recruited from Ohio counties with significant cancer disparities and asked to participate in three education sessions. Measures included a baseline survey collecting demographic information and pre- and post-intervention knowledge assessments about each of the topics. Paired t tests were used to determine whether there were statistically significant changes in mean scores after the intervention. Repeated measures of variance (ANOVA) conducted through generalized linear models (GLM) were used to determine if scores varied significantly by educational attainment. Appalachian men, regardless of level of educational attainment, had significant increases in knowledge for all topics. African American men with at least some college education demonstrated significant increases in knowledge for all three topics, while those with no college education had significant increases for only two topics. College education had a significant effect on scores for one topic among the Appalachian men and all three topics among the African American men. The interaction between change in score and higher educational attainment was significant for only one topic among Appalachian men and no topics among African American men. Higher educational attainment was associated with greater increases in knowledge scores for only one topic among Appalachian men and no topics among African American men. Culturally tailored health educational interventions are a promising approach to reducing disparities in cancer screening and outcomes among men of underserved groups. While all groups demonstrated increases in mean knowledge scores after participating in the educational intervention, there was not a significant association between educational attainment and increases in knowledge scores. Future research is needed to explore additional approaches to delivering health education and increasing the knowledge of men with lower levels of educational attainment.
The effects of nano- and micro-sized additives on 3D printable cementitious and alkali-activated composites: a review
Authors: Sikora Pawel , Chougan Mehdi , Cuevas Karla , Liebscher Marco , Mechtcherine Viktor , Ghaffar Seyed Hamidreza , Liard Maxime , Lootens Didier , Krivenko Pavel , Sanytsky Myroslav , Stephan Dietmar
Published: February 2021

Additive manufacturing (AM), also referred as 3D printing, is a technology that enables building automated three-dimensional objects in a layer-by-layer manner. AM of cement-based and alkali-activated composites has gathered attention over the last decade and is one of the most rapidly developing civil engineering fields. Development of proper mixture compositions which are suitable in fresh and hardened state is one of the key challenges of AM technology in construction. As the behaviour of cement-based materials (CBM) and alkali-activated materials (AAM) is determined by chemical and physical processes at the nano-level, incorporation of nano- and micro-sized admixtures has great influence on the performance of printable composites. These modifications are attributed to the unique reactivity of nanoparticles associated with their small size and large surface area. This review paper summarizes recent developments in the application of nano- and micro-particles on 3D printable cementitious composites and how they influence the performance of 3D-printed construction materials. The research progress on nano-engineered CBM and AAM is reviewed from the view of fresh and hardened properties. Moreover, comparison between nano- and micro-sized admixtures including nanosilica, graphene-based materials, and clay nanoparticles as well as chemical admixtures such as viscosity-modifying admixtures and superplasticizers is presented. Finally, the existing problems in current research and future perspectives are summarized. This review provides useful recommendations toward the significant influence of nano- and micro-sized admixtures on the performance of 3D printable CBMs.
Unintended Nuclear War
Authors: Bläsius Karl-Hans , Siekmann Jörg
Published: February 2021

We want to use the 22nd of January 2021 as an opportunity to honor the “Treaty on the Prohibition of Nuclear Weapons”, TPNW, by this article, as the treaty will enter into force on this day.
Knowledge Graphs of Kawasaki Disease
Authors: Huang Zhisheng , Hu Qing , Liao Mingqun , Miao Cong , Wang Chengyi , Liu Guanghua
Published: February 2021

Kawasaki Disease is a vasculitis syndrome that is extremely harmful to children. Kawasaki Disease can cause severe symptoms of ischemic heart disease or develop into ischemic heart disease, leading to death in children. Researchers and clinicians need to analyze various knowledge and data resources to explore aspects of Kawasaki Disease. Knowledge Graphs have become an important AI approach to integrating various types of complex knowledge and data resources. In this paper, we present an approach for the construction of Knowledge Graphs of Kawasaki Disease. It integrates a wide range of knowledge resources related to Kawasaki Disease, including clinical guidelines, clinical trials, drug knowledge bases, medical literature, and others. It provides a basic integration foundation of knowledge and data concerning Kawasaki Disease for clinical study. In this paper, we will show that this disease-specific Knowledge Graphs are useful for exploring various aspects of Kawasaki Disease.
Beneficial use of hyperbaric process conditions for welding of aluminium and copper alloys
Authors: Treutler K. , Brechelt S. , Wiche H. , Wesling V.
Published: February 2021

The joining of components with as few weld layers as possible is an important aspect of weld seam design due to the resulting reduced manufacturing effort and reduced influence of thermal cycles on the base material as well as reduced distortion. For materials with good thermal conductivity, this is not easily possible. The energy density of the arc has been found to be the core parameter for determining the penetration. In the present work, it is shown how the use of a hyperbaric process environment (2 to 16 bar) allows an increase of the energy density of the arc and thus an increase of the penetration depth for selected aluminium and copper alloys. Furthermore, the effects of this novel approach on weld metal metallurgy are presented. It is shown that the penetration depth can be doubled by increasing the ambient pressure. Furthermore, a statistical model for the prediction of the penetration depth depending on the welding parameters will be presented.