bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Ontology-based prompt tuning for news article summarization
Authors: Silva A. R. S. , Priyadarshana Y. H. P. P.
Published: February 2025

Ontology-based prompt tuning and abstractive text summarization techniques represent an advanced approach to enhancing the quality and contextual relevance of news article summaries. Despite the progress in natural language processing (NLP) and machine learning, existing methods often rely on extractive summarization, which lacks the ability to generate coherent and contextually rich summaries. Moreover, these approaches rarely integrate domain-specific knowledge, resulting in generic and sometimes inaccurate summaries. In this study, we propose a novel framework, which combines ontology-based prompt tuning with abstractive text summarization to address these limitations. By leveraging ontological knowledge, our model fine-tunes the summarization process, ensuring that the generated summaries are not only accurate but also contextually relevant to the domain. This integration allows for a more nuanced understanding of the text, enabling the generation of summaries that better capture the essence of the news articles. Our evaluation results demonstrate significant improvements over state-of-the-art methods such as BART, BERT, and GPT-3.5. The results show that the proposed architecture achieved a 5.1% higher ROUGE-1 score and a 9.8% improvement in ROUGE-L compared to baseline models. Additionally, our model showed significance in F1, precision, and recall metrics, with major improvements of 6.7, 3.9, and 4.8%, respectively. These results underscore the effectiveness of integrating ontological insights into the prompt tuning process, offering a robust solution for generating high-quality, domain-specific news summaries.
The meaning of repeated assisted reproductive technologies failures experienced of older infertile women
Authors: Oh Hyun Jung , Shin Gisoo
Published: February 2025

Introduction

The trend of older pregnant women and infertile women in South Korea, who are influencing the low birth rate, is on the rise. Older infertile women earnestly hoped for pregnancy and persisted in undergoing assisted reproductive technology multiple times. However, contrary to their wishes, they experienced failure to conceive.

Materials and method

This study is qualitative research aimed at exploring the essential meaning of the experiences of women over 35 who have faced pregnancy failure after assisted reproductive technology.

Results

The average age of the participants in this study was 41.8 years, and they underwent an average of 5.7 assisted reproductive treatments after their infertility diagnosis. Through in-depth interviews with the participants, 120 meaningful statements were derived, which were classified into 23 themes, 9 theme clusters, and 4 categories. The four categories were “struggles and trials regarding assisted reproductive technology”, “the challenging treatment journey”, “the journey of overcoming sadness”, and “the value and happiness gained from experience”.

Conclusion

The results of this study showed that infertile women over 35, despite failing to conceive after assisted reproductive technology, were able to overcome their sadness and move towards personal growth. Therefore, various methods should be sought to support the psychological growth of women undergoing assisted reproductive technology.
Training under pressure mirrors competition: technical-tactical insights from high-level male padel players
Authors: Conde-Ripoll Rafael , Escudero-Tena Adrián , Clemente-Suárez Vicente Javier , Navarro Jimenez Eduardo , Bustamante-Sánchez Álvaro
Published: February 2025

Introduction

This study aimed to analyse the differences between pressure training and official competition matches in high-level male padel players from Finland, focusing on the proportion of points won by serving and returning players, the frequency of break points and golden points, and the effectiveness of the last shot.

Methods

A total of 4,417 points from 38 matches played during the 2022 and 2023 seasons were analyzed.

Results

The results revealed no significant association between match type (pressure training vs. competition) and the distribution of winners, forced errors, or unforced errors (p = 0.867). Similarly, the frequency of break points, non-break points, golden points, and non-golden points remained consistent across both match types, regardless of the service situation (serving or returning players). While a relationship was observed between shot type and match type in forced errors (p = 0.024), the overall shot effectiveness remained comparable across different shot types.

Discussion

In conclusion, this study suggests that high-level male padel players display comparable technical-tactical performance in pressure training and official competition matches.
Occurrence and diagnostic of intermittent shedding of Staphylococcus aureus in bovine mammary infection
Authors: Mues Lena , Kemper Nicole , Blumenberg Julia Anna
Published: February 2025

Bovine mastitis is a major problem with huge economic losses in dairy farming worldwide. One of the most common pathogens is Staphylococcus aureus, which is highly contagious and often spread during milking. A sanitation of a dairy herd can be challenging particularly in terms of diagnostics, because of intermittent shedding of Staphylococcus aureus in milk. The observation of intermittent shedding of Staphylococcus aureus in longitudinal studies and applied detection methods were reviewed in this study. Categorization of detection methods is used to describe the basic influence of intermittent shedding on sensitivity of diagnostic of each category. The laboratory diagnostic methods evaluated have a wide range regarding the detection limit (40 cfu/mL−106 cfu/mL). A low detection limit is essential for the detection of even chronically infected cows with intermittent shedding of the pathogen. The literature overview shows that only a few studies (n = 6) examined occurrence of intermittent shedding of Staphylococcus aureus in milk at cow level. A detection-free period of ≤ 0.5–1 d was only observed in 3 studies.
The Differential Effects of Personality Traits and Risk Aversion on Entrepreneurial Intention Following an Entrepreneurship Course
Authors: Tsaknis Panagiots A. , Sahinidis Alexandros G. , Kavoura Androniki , Kiriakidis Stavros
Published: February 2025

This paper addresses a research gap by examining how two groups of individuals with different personality traits (more entrepreneurial personalities versus less entrepreneurial personalities) react to changes in entrepreneurial intention after attending an entrepreneurship course. A key aspect of this study lies in its application of MEMORE; this tool was crucial in determining whether changes in entrepreneurial intention were driven by changes in the factors of the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) in each group of individuals. The survey employed a pre-test–post-test questionnaire design distributed before and after a university-level entrepreneurship course. The results indicated that individuals with more entrepreneurial personalities (characterized by high openness, conscientiousness, and extraversion and low neuroticism and risk aversion) had higher levels of entrepreneurial intention, attitude, subjective norms, and perceived behavioral control compared to less entrepreneurial personalities. After the course, more entrepreneurial personalities reported higher entrepreneurial intentions and perceived behavioral control. MEMORE indicated that changes in perceived behavioral control affected the increase in entrepreneurial intentions. Less entrepreneurial personalities demonstrated a decline in entrepreneurial intention but a positive change in perceived behavioral control; this change did not affect the decline in entrepreneurial intentions. This study provides essential insights into an underexplored area, advancing knowledge in this field.
Does Environmental Disclosure and Corporate Governance Ensure the Financial Sustainability of Islamic Banks?
Authors: Muneer Saqib , Singh Ajay , Choudhary Mazhar Hussain , Alshammari Awwad Saad , Butt Nasir Ali
Published: February 2025

The purpose of this study is to investigate the influence of environmental disclosure and corporate governance on the financial performance of Islamic banks in Saudi Arabia. This study highlights that sustainable practices are transparent with financial objectives using the religious framework of Islamic finance. This research is based on Worldwide Vision 2030, which covers sustainable development and promotes environmental, social, and governance (ESG) principles, as well as corporate governance factors, such as board composition and Shariah Supervisory Boards (SSBs). We use a hybrid approach for our findings, with a dataset spanning 2011–2023 for the quantitative analysis and 20 semi-structured analyses conducted for a qualitative approach that aligns with objectives. We found that environmental disclosure boosts profits and stakeholder trust. Corporate governance structures, such as environmental boards and sustainability committees, improve the environmental disclosure of financial performance in Islamic banks. In this positive interaction, specialized governance drives Sharia-compliant sustainability initiatives. SSBs help Islamic banks integrate sustainability and meet religious and ESG environmental standards. Board diversity and dedication in the sustainability committee both play important roles in enhancing environmental disclosure practices; in return, these improved financial performances. The interaction of environmental disclosure and board environmental expertise has a positive impact on the overall performance, which indicates that governance structure supports sustainability-related decision-making, aligning with transparency. This study suggests that Islamic banks standardize ESG frameworks, improve board environmental expertise, and invest in real-time sustainability reporting digital solutions. Saudi Islamic banks can lead regional and global sustainable banking by adopting these strategies to align with global sustainability trends, improve financial performance, and meet ethical finance expectations.
Machine Learning in Sustainable Agriculture: Systematic Review and Research Perspectives
Authors: Botero-Valencia Juan , García-Pineda Vanessa , Valencia-Arias Alejandro , Valencia Jackeline , Reyes-Vera Erick , Mejia-Herrera Mateo , Hernández-García Ruber
Published: February 2025

Machine learning (ML) has revolutionized resource management in agriculture by analyzing vast amounts of data and creating precise predictive models. Precision agriculture improves agricultural productivity and profitability while reducing costs and environmental impact. However, ML implementation faces challenges such as managing large volumes of data and adequate infrastructure. Despite significant advances in ML applications in sustainable agriculture, there is still a lack of deep and systematic understanding in several areas. Challenges include integrating data sources and adapting models to local conditions. This research aims to identify research trends and key players associated with ML use in sustainable agriculture. A systematic review was conducted using the PRISMA methodology by a bibliometric analysis to capture relevant studies from the Scopus and Web of Science databases. The study analyzed the ML literature in sustainable agriculture between 2007 and 2025, identifying 124 articles that meet the criteria for certainty assessment. The findings show a quadratic polynomial growth in the publication of articles on ML in sustainable agriculture, with a notable increase of up to 91% per year. The most productive years were 2024, 2022, and 2023, demonstrating a growing interest in the field. The study highlights the importance of integrating data from multiple sources for improved decision making, soil health monitoring, and understanding the interaction between climate, topography, and soil properties with agricultural land use and crop patterns. Furthermore, ML in sustainable agriculture has evolved from understanding weather data to integrating advanced technologies like the Internet of Things, remote sensing, and smart farming. Finally, the research agenda highlights the need for the deepening and expansion of predominant concepts, such as deep learning and smart farming, to develop more detailed and specialized studies and explore new applications to maximize the benefits of ML in agricultural sustainability.
Economic Feasibility and Decarbonization Incentives of Sugarcane Biogas Production Pathways
Authors: Fava Flavio Eduardo , Alves Lucílio Rogério Aparecido , Romanelli Thiago Libório
Published: February 2025

Challenges in investment decisions for new fuels remain due to uncertain scenarios regarding profitability. There is also a challenge to improve production efficiency and waste utilization, either for biomass or by-products. This study evaluates the economic potential of biomethane production within sugarcane biorefineries through the principles of the circular economy and economic feasibility. To obtain price data for CBios, Brent crude oil, and natural gas, stochastic models based on GBM and Monte Carlo simulations were applied to project prices and assess revenue potential over a 10-year horizon. Price data were incorporated to assess market correlations and revenue scenarios. Key findings reveal that biomethane’s price stability, driven by its strong correlation with oil markets, supports its viability as a renewable energy source, while CBio presents a weak correlation and limited price predictability with present challenges for long-term planning. Economic modeling indicates high investment returns, with IRR values surpassing 35% in conservative scenarios and payback periods from 2 to 6 years. These results highlight biomethane’s potential for energy efficiency, carbon emission reduction, and the creation of new revenue through waste use. We conclude that targeted investments in biomethane infrastructure, coupled with policy and market support, are essential for achieving global sustainability goals.
Effects of Biostimulant Foliar Applications on Morphological Traits, Yield, Antioxidant Capacity, and Essential Oil Composition of Thymus vulgaris L. Under Field Conditions
Authors: Cardone Loriana , Polito Flavio , Denora Michele , Casiello Donato , Castronuovo Donato , Cicco Nunzia , Perniola Michele , De Feo Vincenzo , Candido Vincenzo
Published: February 2025

Plant biostimulants are used to promote plant growth by increasing tolerance to abiotic stressors and improving the efficiency of natural resource use. In the present two-year research (2022–2023 and 2023–2024), the effects of biostimulant foliar applications on the morphological parameters, fresh and dry yields, antioxidant capacity, total phenolic content, and chemical composition of the essential oil of thyme (Thymus vulgaris L.) were studied. For this purpose, four commercial biostimulants, Biostimol Plus + Peptamin-V Plus®, Acadian MPE®, Megafol®, and BlueN®, were evaluated on thyme cultivated in field conditions. The experiment was laid out in a randomized block design with five treatments and with three replications. During the second growing season, the plants treated with BlueN®, composed of the bacteria Methylobacterium symbioticum SB23, showed the highest plant weight (152.1 g plant−1), fresh biomass yield (501.9 g m−2), and dry yield (172.2 g m−2). BlueN® was the biostimulant that also obtained the highest essential oil yield in both years (0.47 and 0.53%), and for all biostimulants, the amount of thymol and carvacrol increased in the second year, especially with Megafol® (63.75 and 3.16%). The antioxidant capacity was enhanced in the second year by all biostimulants, according to the ABTS assay, but in particular, by BlueN® and BPPVP (26.97 μmol/g and 25.01 μmol/g), while the phenolic content was higher in the first year, especially with BlueN® (65.98 mg GAE/g Extract). The other biostimulants had less intense effects. In conclusion, the biostimulants influenced some characteristics of the essential oil, but the greatest influencers were BlueN®, Megafol®, and BPPVP.
Real-World Outcomes and Healthcare Utilization of Lanadelumab in Spain: Insights from First Cohort of Difficult-to-Treat Hereditary Angioedema Cases
Authors: Sánchez-Machín Inmaculada , González-Pérez Ruperto , Mederos-Luis Elena , García-Gil Sara , Poza-Guedes Paloma
Published: February 2025

Background/Objectives: Hereditary angioedema (HAE) is a rare genetic condition marked by recurring episodes of intense swelling that affect the skin, gastrointestinal system, and airways. Lanadelumab, a monoclonal antibody that inhibits plasma kallikrein, is approved for long-term prophylaxis (LTP) in HAE patients, and has shown substantial efficacy in reducing disease symptoms. This single-center, retrospective study analyzed the real-world impact of lanadelumab on healthcare resource utilization, angioedema episode frequency, and quality of life (QoL) among adult HAE patients treated at the allergy department of Hospital Universitario de Canarias, Tenerife, Spain. Methods: This study included patients with a confirmed diagnosis of bradykinin-mediated HAE type 1 who were receiving lanadelumab 300 mg subcutaneously every two weeks, meeting specific inclusion criteria. A retrospective review of medical records from March 2021 to June 2024 assessed clinical outcomes under lanadelumab therapy, compared to prior clinical status. Key metrics included angioedema attack frequency, use of on-demand icatibant treatment, hospital visits, and QoL using the HAE-QoL questionnaire, alongside any adverse reactions associated with lanadelumab. Results: The investigation revealed a 75.3% reduction in hospital visits and a 94.1% decrease in angioedema episodes among HAE patients. Additionally, use of on-demand rescue medication (icatibant) was reduced by 61% (p < 0.05), while quality of life (QoL) scores improved from 62.2 to 99.5, with no significant adverse effects reported. Conclusions: Lanadelumab significantly reduced healthcare resource use and angioedema episodes, with marked improvements in quality of life. The reduced need for on-demand medication and hospital visits highlights lanadelumab’s value as an effective long-term prophylactic treatment with minimal adverse effects for HAE patients in real-world settings.
Characterization of Reusable and Recyclable Plastic Bedding Materials for Laboratory Mice
Authors: Matzek Dana , Popper Bastian
Published: February 2025

The scientific community has placed increasing importance on sustainability, leading to the exploration of alternative bedding materials to the widely used aspen wood chips. Bedding plays a critical role in ensuring the wellbeing of animals and the validity of experimental outcomes. Compared to the frequently evaluated biological materials, such as corncobs or spelts, synthetic materials such as plastic granules have been less investigated. We characterized two thermostable plastic materials as an alternative bedding material in C57BL/6J and BALB/c mice. We examined the impact of those bedding alternatives on physiological parameters, behavior, health status, and cage climate in static and digitally ventilated cages as well as the possibility of a reuse cycle after reprocessing. The mouse lines showed different locomotor activity, feeding, and nestbuilding behavior on plastic granules. While ammonia levels were constantly higher in static cages than in ventilated cages, blood parameters were unaltered, and health status was maintained during the reuse procedure. We show the use of plastic granulate as bedding material for mice that has the potential for processing and recycling. Further, we show that the material is accepted differently by the lines in the preference choice test without affecting their health or hygiene status.
Exploring Pet Owner Preferences in Order to Assess the Role of Cost and Quality of Life in Anti-Pruritic Treatment Plan Selection for Dog Owners
Authors: Wright Andrea , Gildea Edwina , Greaves Michelle , Longstaff Louise , Wyn Robin , Nagda Nirav , DiPietrantonio Kristina , Enstone Ashley , Riley Danielle , Bartram David
Published: February 2025

A web-based quantitative survey tested pet owners’ preferences and willingness-to-pay for canine anti-pruritus therapies, and for improvements in pruritus-related quality of life. This survey was designed using findings from recent research into quality of life in pruritus, interviews with pet owners and veterinarians, and clinical and cost data. The survey was completed by 251 dog owners in the United Kingdom. A total of 46–47% were willing to pay to improve individual concepts of pruritus-related quality of life, including comfort, scratching behavior, and appearance. Instituting treatment to manage pruritus and the investigation of pruritus causes were considered important actions; safety and effectiveness were the most important attributes of therapy. Comparing the administration, effectiveness, safety, and costs of (unbranded) therapy profiles, on average, 63% preferred hypothetical tablet or injectable therapies (with higher cost and improved safety) over corticosteroid treatment for acute pruritus (p < 0.05). Over 50% of respondents preferred the hypothetical therapies in all tested subgroups, and results were similar for chronic pruritus. This research highlighted that many pet owners are willing to pay to improve their pet’s quality of life, and to receive comparably effective, yet safer therapies for the management of acute canine pruritus, regardless of insurance status. Veterinarians should consider discussing and offering newly available therapies for acute and chronic pruritus with pet owners where medically appropriate.
The Isolation, Identification, and Whole-Genome Sequencing of a Potential Probiotic, Clostridium butyricum YF1, Isolated from the Intestine of the Ricefield Eel (Monopterus albus)
Authors: Feng Yubo , Zhang Jing , Zhou Lan , Jin Jiali , Yue Huamei , Ye Huan , Fu Peng , Huang Ling , Ruan Rui , Li Chuangju
Published: February 2025

Clostridium butyricum, recognized as a probiotic, is widely distributed in the intestines of various animals. In this study, the C. butyricum strain YF1 was isolated from the intestine of the ricefield eel (Monopterus albus) using an anaerobic culture method and was identified through morphological, physiological, biochemical, and 16S rRNA sequence analyses. Notably, C. butyricum YF1 exhibited a rapid growth rate and was found to produce ten types of short-chain fatty acids, particularly high-yield acetic acid and butyric acid. Additionally, YF1 demonstrated a high tolerance to elevated temperatures (70 °C), bile salts (0.1% to 0.5%), artificial intestinal fluid, and artificial gastric fluid, while being sensitive to most antibiotics. Further whole-genome sequencing revealed that C. butyricum YF1 has a total genome size of 4,314,266 bp and contains 3853 coding genes. Specifically, 82 tRNAs, 21 rRNAs, 288 repeat sequences, 13 prophages, and two gene islands were detected. Moreover, gene function analysis indicated that the highest number of genes were annotated to metabolic processes, and the butyric acid metabolism pathway was found to be complete. Meanwhile, 598 virulence genes and 186 resistance genes were predicted. In conclusion, the findings from this study contribute to probiotic development and provide innovative approaches for the sustainable and healthy cultivation of ricefield eels.
Vulnerability of Prey Species to Predation by Two Sympatric Accipitrine Hawks in Rural and Peri-Urban Landscapes in Southern Finland
Authors: Solonen Tapio
Published: February 2025

This study assesses how the predation by the Eurasian sparrowhawk Accipiter nisus and the Eurasian goshawk Astur gentilis may affect the composition of prey communities breeding in rural and peri-urban landscapes. It asks how consistent the vulnerability of prey species is between different predator species and landscapes and which characteristics of prey species affect their vulnerability. Vulnerability of prey species to predation was characterised by the difference between the proportion of the prey species in the sample of prey items caught and the proportion of the species in the local pool of suitable prey. For both predators, vulnerability of shared prey species was positively related to vulnerability to predation between landscapes. Positive relationships between predators suggested that they prey independently from each other, while negative relationships suggest some interaction between predators. Higher vulnerability of shared prey species to sparrowhawk predation suggests that these species were less important prey for the goshawk. Effects of various characteristics of prey species on their vulnerability to predation varied to some extent between predator species and between landscapes. In particular, this was the case for sparrowhawk predation between rural and peri-urban areas. Prominent impact of prey body mass and population density on vulnerability to predation was highlighted.
Utilization of Anabolic Implants and Individual Supplementation on Muscle Growth and Protein Turnover During Backgrounding of Beef Steers
Authors: Jacobs J. Luke , Leonard Elizabeth , Tharayil Nishanth , Duckett Susan K.
Published: February 2025

Weaned Angus-cross steers (n = 69; body weight [BW] = 233 ± 29 kg) were used for the following purposes: (1) develop an assay to measure 3-methylhistidine (3MH) in blood samples to monitor changes in protein turnover, and (2) evaluate the effects of an implant (Revalor-G, 40 mg of trenbolone acetate, 8 mg of estradiol) or an implant plus individual supplementation via SuperSmart Feeder (SSF; C-Lock Inc., Rapid City, SD, USA) on animal growth, muscle growth, and nitrogen retention patterns in backgrounded beef steers. Steers were blocked by weight, trained to precision supplementation via SSF, and then assigned to one of three treatments: (1) grazing only [G], (2) grazing with implant [GI], or (3) grazing with implant plus individual animal supplementation via SSF at 0.75% BW [GIS] for 56 d of grazing study. Steers grazed a cowpea and pearl millet mixture until d 42, when forage became limiting, and steers were transitioned to an oat and annual ryegrass baleage. Steers were weighed and blood was collected every 14 d to determine plasma urea nitrogen (PUN), creatinine (CREAT), and 3-methylhistidine (3MH) concentrations. Ultrasound measurements of ribeye area (REA) were collected on d 0, 28, and 56. Data were analyzed using the GLIMMIX with treatment, day, and two-way interaction in the model. A novel, robust method for the determination of 3MH was developed and validated. The development of this 3MH method allows us to monitor changes in protein turnover in cattle over time, a metric which is related to production efficiency. A treatment-by-day interaction (p = 0.0050) was observed for BW and REA. Steer BW did not differ (p > 0.05) on d 0, 14, or 28 between treatments; however, on d 42, GI and GIS steers had a greater (p < 0.01) BW than G steers. On d 56, BW was greater (p < 0.0001) for GIS than GI and G, which not differ (p > 0.05). Total BW gain during the 56 d study was greater (p < 0.001) by 54% for GIS compared to GI or G. For GI, the total BW gain was greater (p < 0.01) by 18% compared to G. On d 56, the REA of GI and GIS steers was greater (p < 0.001) than of G steers. Steers in the GI treatment group had a greater PUN and PUN–CREAT ratio concentrations than the GIS steers. Both G and GI steers had greater 3-methylhistidine (3MH) concentrations compared to GIS steers on d 28. Our results demonstrate that the supplementation of implanted steers improves growth and improves nitrogen utilization during backgrounding on forage diets. This research illustrates that animal and muscle growth may be limited in grazing animals implanted with combination implants (estrogenic and androgenic compounds) when supplementation is not included.
Synthesis and Evaluation of Colchicine C-Cyclic AmineDerivatives as Potent Anti-Biofilms Agents AgainstMethicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus
Authors: Yang Yuxin , Liu Xin , Sun Can , Fang Yuan , Qu Danyang , Tang Zhengbin , Sun Zetao , Zhou Xiaoping , Wang Dacheng
Published: February 2025

Background/Objectives: The elimination of bacterial biofilm formation is an effective strategy against bacterial infections. The objective was to design 27 colchicine C-ring modified amine derivatives and evaluate their inhibitory activities against the biofilms of MRSA USA300. Methods: Design 27 colchicine C-ring modified amine derivatives. Evaluate their inhibitory activities against MRSA USA300 biofilms. Conduct antibacterial or synergistic antibacterial experiments. Research the phenotypic mechanisms related to biofilm-related genes icaA and agrA. Results: The experiments showed that most compounds in this series exhibited varying degrees of biofilm inhibitory activity (with inhibition rates ranging from 7.72% to 40.79%). Further verification through antibacterial or synergistic antibacterial experiments revealed that the compounds with biofilm-inhibiting effects (compounds 7b–11b) generally had certain antibacterial activities (MICs = 16–32 μg/mL) or synergistic antibacterial effects (FICIs < 0.5). Furthermore, through in-depth research on their phenotypic mechanisms (i.e., research on biofilm-related mechanisms), it was found that the compounds with antibacterial or synergistic antibacterial properties could inhibit the formation of biofilms by affecting the regulation of the biofilm-related genes icaA and agrA. Conclusions: The designed colchicine C-ring modified amine derivatives showed potential in inhibiting MRSA biofilms, and their antibacterial or synergistic antibacterial properties are related to the regulation of biofilm-related genes icaA and agrA, demonstrating inhibitory activity against MRSA.
Using Unannounced Standardized Patients to Assess the Quality of Tuberculosis Care and Antibiotic Prescribing: A Cross-Sectional Study on a Low/Middle-Income Country, Pakistan
Authors: Zhao Mingyue , Gillani Ali Hassan , Hussain Hafiz Rashid , Arshad Hafsa , Arshed Muhammad , Fang Yu
Published: February 2025

Background: Pakistan is classified as a high-burden country for tuberculosis, and the prescription of antibiotics and fluoroquinolones complicates the detection and treatment of the disease. The existing literature primarily relies on knowledge questionnaires and prescription analyses, which focus on healthcare providers’ knowledge rather than their actual clinical practices. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the quality of tuberculosis care using standardized patients. Materials and Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional study, recruiting consenting private healthcare practitioners in four cities in Punjab, Pakistan. Standardized patients were engaged from the general public to simulate four cases: two suspected tuberculosis cases (Case 1 and 2), one confirmed tuberculosis case (Case 3), and one suspected multidrug-resistant tuberculosis case (Case 4). The optimal management in Cases 1 and 2 was referral for sputum testing, chest X-ray, or referral to a public facility for directly observed treatment short-courses without dispensing antibiotics, fluoroquinolones, and steroids. In Case 3, treatment with four anti-TB medications was expected, while Case 4 should have prompted a drug-susceptibility test. Descriptive statistics using SPSS version 23 were employed to analyze disparities in referrals, ideal case management, antibiotic use, steroid administration, and the number of medications prescribed. Results: From July 2022 to May 2023, 3321 standardized cases were presented to private healthcare practitioners. Overall, 39.4% of tuberculosis cases were managed optimally, with Case 3 showing the highest rate (56.7%) and Case 4 showing the lowest (19.8%). City-specific analysis revealed that Rawalpindi had the highest management rate (55.8%), while Sialkot had the lowest (30.6%). Antibiotics were most frequently prescribed in Case 1 and least prescribed in Case 4, with a similar pattern for fluoroquinolones. Anti-TB medications were also prescribed in naïve and suspected tuberculosis cases (8.3% in Case 1 and 10.8% in Case 2). Conclusions: The quality of tuberculosis management in actual practice is suboptimal among healthcare providers in Pakistan. Furthermore, the over-prescription of antibiotics, fluoroquinolones, and anti-TB drugs presents a significant risk for the development of drug-resistant tuberculosis.
Antimicrobial Susceptibility Profiles of Escherichia coli Isolates from Clinical Cases of Chickens in Hungary Between 2022 and 2023
Authors: Jerzsele Ákos , Szabó Ábel , Barnácz Franciska , Csirmaz Bence , Kovács László , Kerek Ádám
Published: February 2025

Background: The global spread of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) necessitates collaborative approaches between animals, their environment, and public health sectors, fostering the One Health concept. Escherichia coli (E. coli) is a zoonotic, facultative pathogenic bacterium. Its public health significance underlines the need for the regular monitoring of different strains causing clinical disease, especially in poultry, more specifically in chickens, which have become a critical source of animal protein. Methods: The antimicrobial susceptibility of 133 E. coli strains isolated from clinical cases in large-scale Hungarian poultry between 2022 and 2023 was assessed via the gold-standard minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) determination, which provides internationally comparable results. Results: Our findings revealed high resistance levels to widely used antibiotics, including amoxicillin (57.9%), neomycin (78.9%), doxycycline (46.6%), and potentiated sulfonamides (43.6%). Resistance to these critically important antibiotics is particularly concerning due to their public health significance. Comparison with regional human resistance data revealed similar patterns for β-lactam antibiotics; however, aminoglycosides, fluoroquinolones, and potentiated sulfonamides exhibited significantly higher resistance levels in veterinary isolates. Conclusions: Our results highlight the importance of routine surveillance, which has both veterinary and public health implications. Future efforts to correlate antibiotic usage with resistance patterns and to elucidate the genetic background of multidrug-resistant strains will further strengthen the One Health approach.
Effect of n-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids Enriched Chicken Meat Consumption in Relation to Oxidative Stress Marker Levels in Young Healthy Individuals: A Randomized Double-Blind Study
Authors: Nađ Tihana , Kolobarić Nikolina , Mihaljević Zrinka , Drenjančević Ines , Šušnjara Petar , Stupin Ana , Kardum Darjan , Kralik Zlata , Kralik Gordana , Košević Manuela , Jukić Ivana
Published: February 2025

Oxidative stress and inflammation are considered important risk contributors for various diseases. Over the last few decades, increasing attention has been focused on the role of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFAs) in human health and disease. We aimed to evaluate the effect of n-3 PUFA-enriched chicken meat consumption (~1500 mg of n-3 PUFAs intake per day) for three weeks on oxidative status and antioxidative capacity in young healthy individuals. This was a randomized, double-blinded, controlled trial, in which thirty-nine young healthy people were randomly allocated to eating 500 g/day of regular chicken meat (Control group) or n-3 PUFA-enriched chicken meat (n-3 PUFAs group) over 3 weeks. Subjects’ biochemical parameters, including serum lipids level, liver enzymes, serum activities of antioxidant enzymes (glutathione peroxidase (GPx), superoxide dismutase (SOD)), serum oxidative stress markers (thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) and ferric-reducing ability (FRAP)), as well as intracellular production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in peripheral blood mononuclear cells, were assessed before and after completing the three-week dietary protocol. N-3-enriched chicken meat consumption significantly reduced high-sensitivity C reactive protein (hsCRP) serum level and increased the level of the antioxidant defense marker, FRAP. Furthermore, GPx and SOD enzyme activities significantly increased in the n-3 PUFAs group compared to baseline, which was accompanied by significantly decreased ROS production. In healthy young individuals, the 3-week dietary intake of n-3 PUFA-enriched chicken meat significantly increased the serum total antioxidant and anti-inflammatory potential, indicating that n-3 PUFAs may be protective in resting health condition without inflammatory processes.
Diabetes-Mediated STEAP4 Enhances Retinal Oxidative Stress and Impacts the Development of Diabetic Retinopathy
Authors: Taylor Brooklyn E. , Howell Scott J. , Lee Chieh , Taylor Zakary , Barber Katherine , Taylor Patricia R.
Published: February 2025

Diabetic retinopathy is the most common diabetic complication of the microvasculature and one of the leading causes of acquired vision loss worldwide. Yet, the current treatments for this blinding disease are futile to many diabetics. Accordingly, new biomarkers and therapeutics for diabetic retinopathy are needed. We discovered that STEAP4 (Six-Transmembrane Epithelial Antigen of the Prostate 4) is significantly increased in peripheral blood mononuclear cells of diabetics. STEAP4 expression was gradiently increased from low levels in diabetics without retinopathy to successively higher levels in diabetics with more severe disease. Although the role of STEAP4 in the diabetic retina is unclear, these results provide strong evidence that this metabolic enzyme could be a potential biomarker for diabetic retinopathy progression. Thus, the central goal of this study was to evaluate if this potential biomarker impacts the intrinsic pathologies that lead to the development of diabetic retinopathy. In diabetic mice, STEAP4 was significantly increased and co-localized with 4-Hydroxy-2-nonenal in the Müller glia and photoreceptor layers of the retina. STEAP4 inhibition significantly decreased reactive oxygen species in murine photoreceptor cells, human Müller glia, and retinas of diabetic mice. Administering an intravitreal injection of anti-STEAP4 to diabetic mice halted Occludin degradation in the retinal vasculature. Similarly, anti-STEAP4 treatment of human retina endothelial cells halted cell death mediated by diabetic donor sera. Collectively, our findings provide strong evidence that STEAP4 impacts the intrinsic pathologies that initiate the development of diabetic retinopathy. Suggesting that STEAP4 could be a novel biomarker and clinically relevant therapeutic target for this diabetic complication and blinding disease.
Data Cleaning Model of Mine Wind Speed Sensor Based on LOF-GMM and SGAIN
Authors: Ni Jingfeng , Yang Shengya , Liu Yujiao
Published: February 2025

To improve the quality of mine ventilation wind speed sensor data, a data cleaning model for mine ventilation wind speed sensors based on LOF-GMM and SGAIN is proposed. First, the LOF-GMM algorithm was used to identify wind speed sensor data, cluster the data, and determine the threshold of the local outlier factor, enabling automatic identification of abnormal data and recognition of ventilation fault state information. Abnormal data were then removed to create blank missing points. Finally, wind speed data from the normal operating state of the ventilation system were used to train the SGAIN model to obtain its optimal parameters. The trained SGAIN model was then used to fill in the blank points. The results show that the proposed method can effectively detect abnormal wind speed sensor data and identify ventilation system fault information. In terms of imputation performance, this model outperformed other data imputation models such as GAIN, RF, and DAE. Although the imputation speed was slightly lower than that of the RF and DAE models, considering the high accuracy requirements of mine wind speed data, SGAIN is more suitable for use in the field of mine ventilation.
Structural Design and Vibration Suppression Characteristics Analysis of Semi-Active Eddy Current Damping Seat
Authors: Wu Shaofeng , Zhou Xiaoming , Xu Hongrui , Mu Puwei
Published: February 2025

As components in direct contact with drivers and passengers in complex and challenging road conditions, automotive seats need to effectively absorb and isolate vibrations from the automotive chassis to minimize any adverse effects on the human body. In response to the issue of inadequate vibration isolation within multiple frequency bands for car seats, which can lead to discomfort for passengers, a vibration-damping seat structure equipped with an eddy current damper using electromagnets as the magnetic field source is proposed, and its vibration suppression characteristics are studied. First, a semi-active suspension damping structure is designed based on an eddy current damping effect. Second, the theoretical model of the semi-active suspension damping structure based on an eddy current effect is established, and the characteristic parameters of adjustable damping and their relationship with the amplitude response are analyzed. Finally, electromagnetic simulation analysis is conducted, and the results are compared with the theoretical model analysis results to verify the analysis, and the vibration suppression law of the semi-active suspension damping structure based on an eddy current effect is explored.
A Comparative Analysis of On-Device AI-Driven, Self-Regulated Learning and Traditional Pedagogy in University Health Sciences Education
Authors: Chun Jiyong , Kim Jeongsoo , Kim Hyejin , Lee Geumgu , Cho Sanggoo , Kim Changshik , Chung Yeesook , Heo Seoyoon
Published: February 2025

Generative artificial intelligence (AI) has introduced transformative paradigms into education, facilitating personalized, real-time, and interactive learning experiences. This study investigates the integration of AI-based textbooks within regular college curricula, with a specific focus on their application in ancillary engineering subjects that demand high precision. AI textbooks enable customized learning pathways, enhance student engagement through adaptive content, and provide educators with data-driven insights. Employing a mixed-methods approach, this research compares the academic performance and learning experiences of two groups: the Traditional Learning Group (TLG), which utilized printed materials; and the AI Learning Group (ALG), which employed a generative AI-powered textbook based on LLama 3.1. Over a 15-week semester, data were collected through pre- and post-tests, task evaluations, platform log analyses, and satisfaction surveys. The findings reveal no statistically significant differences between the two groups in quantitative measures such as academic achievement, learning time, and overall satisfaction. However, the qualitative assessments underscore the role of AI-based learning in supporting self-directed education, while also highlighting the critical challenges, including digital equity, algorithmic biases, and data privacy concerns. Furthermore, the study emphasizes the necessity of comprehensive educator training, the establishment of ethical frameworks, and the development of scalable implementation strategies to fully leverage the potential of AI textbooks. Future research should prioritize randomized controlled trials (RCTs) to evaluate the long-term impacts of AI-based educational tools and develop adaptive frameworks that balance technological advancements with the emotional and motivational dimensions of human-centered education. This pioneering research lays the groundwork for advancing generative AI in higher education and fostering an innovative and equitable learning ecosystem.
Advanced Dense Text Detection in Graded Examinations Leveraging Chinese Character Components
Authors: Liu Renyuan , Shi Yunyu , Tang Xian , Liu Xiang
Published: February 2025

The dense text detection and segmentation of Chinese characters has always been a research hotspot due to the complex background and diverse scenarios. In the field of education, the detection of handwritten Chinese characters is affected by background noise, texture interference, etc. Especially in low-quality handwritten text, character overlap or occlusion makes the character boundaries blurred, which increases the difficulty of detection and segmentation; In this paper, an improved EAST network CEE (Components-ECA-EAST Network), which fuses the attention mechanism with the feature pyramid structure, is proposed based on the analysis of the structure of Chinese character mini-components. The ECA (Efficient Channel Attention) attention mechanism is incorporated during the feature extraction phase; in the feature fusion stage, the convolutional features are extracted from the self-constructed mini-component dataset and then fused with the feature pyramid in a cascade manner, and finally, Dice Loss is used as the regression task loss function. The above improvements comprehensively improve the performance of the network in detecting and segmenting the mini-components and subtle strokes of handwritten Chinese characters; The CEE model was tested on the self-constructed dataset with an accuracy of 84.6% and a mini-component mAP of 77.6%, which is an improvement of 7.4% and 8.4%, respectively, compared to the original model; The constructed dataset and improved model are well suited for applications such as writing grade examinations, and represent an important exploration of the development of educational intelligence.
Comparative Study of In Situ TiO2 Generation for the Degradation of “Deiman Navy Blue” Dye
Authors: Cuautle-Lezama Diana I. , Galleguillos-Madrid Felipe M. , Leiva-Guajardo Susana , Osorio-Mirón Anselmo , Reyes-Cruz V. E. , Reyes-Pérez Martin , Varas Marinka , Toro Norman , Cobos-Murcia Jose A.
Published: February 2025

This study presents the development and application of a batch-type photoelectrochemical reactor employing advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) with in situ generated TiO2 particles for the efficient degradation of azo dyes. The reactor uses titanium sheets as electrodes, facilitating the electrochemical generation of TiO2, which acts as a photocatalyst under UV light. This study specifically targets azo dyes frequently encountered in industrial wastewater, focusing on Brilliant Blue, Erythrosine, and Tartrazine, which together form the Navy Blue dye composition. The experimental methodology replicates real-world conditions, ensuring the results are representative of practical scenarios. Key findings demonstrate that the in situ production of TiO2 enables effective heterogeneous photocatalysis, achieving significant dye degradation rates. This research highlights the novelty of combining in situ TiO2 generation with a batch-type reactor, offering advantages in cost-effectiveness, scalability, and environmental impact. Comparative analysis with existing methods underscores the reactor’s potential for industrial applications, particularly in wastewater treatment. Furthermore, this study outlines the mechanistic insights into dye degradation and provides a foundation for optimizing photocatalytic processes to address environmental challenges.