bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Political Viability of Carbon Pricing: Policy Design and Framing in British Columbia and California
Authors: Karapin Roger
Published: March 2020

The adoption of climate policies with visible, substantial costs for households is uncommon because of expected political backlash, but British Columbia's carbon tax and California's cap‐and‐trade program imposed such costs and still survived vigorous opposition. To explain these outcomes, this article tests hypotheses concerning policy design, framing, energy prices, and elections. It conducts universalizing and variation‐finding comparisons across three subcases in the two jurisdictions and uses primary sources to carry out process tracing involving mechanisms of public opinion and elite position‐taking. The article finds strong support for the timing of independent energy price changes, exogenous causes of election results, reducing the visibility of carbon pricing, and using public‐benefit justifications, as well as some support for making concessions to voters. By contrast, the effects of the use of revenue, industry exemptions/compensations, and making polluters pay are not uniform, because the effects of revenue use depend on how it is embedded in coalition building efforts and a middle path between exempting or compensating industry and burdening it appears to be more effective than pursuing just one or the other approach.
The novel HLA‐B allele, HLA‐B*44:345N, discovered in a Korean family
Authors: Song Junhyup , Kim Haejin , Im Jisu , Yoon Cha E. , Park Younhee
Published: March 2020

The HLA‐B*44:345N allele differs from HLA‐B*44:03:01:01 by a 19 nucleotide deletion at positions 440 to 458.
Effect of the topical Klox fluorescence biomodulation system on the healing of canine surgical wounds
Authors: Salvaggio Alberto , Magi Gian Enrico , Rossi Giacomo , Tambella Adolfo Maria , Vullo Cecilia , Marchegiani Andrea , Botto Riccardo , Palumbo Piccionello Angela
Published: March 2020

Objective

To determine the effect of the Klox fluorescence biomodulation system (Phovia) on the healing of surgical wounds.

Study design

Prospective, blinded, controlled clinical trial.

Sample population

Healthy dogs undergoing orthopedic surgery (n = 10).

Methods

Half of the length of each surgical wound was treated with Phovia, and the remaining 50% was treated with saline solution on the first day after surgery and every 3 days until day 13. Wound healing of treated and control areas within each wound was evaluated via macroscopic assessment and histological and immunohistochemical analysis of treated and control wounds.

Results

The areas treated with Phovia achieved lower histology scores (P =.001), consistent with complete re‐epithelialization, less inflammation of the dermal layer, and greater and more regular deposition of collagen. According to immunohistochemistry, expression of factor VIII, epidural growth factor, decorin, collagen III, and Ki67 was increased in treated compared with untreated tissues.

Conclusion

Phovia therapy improved re‐epithelialization, decreased dermal inflammation, and improved matrix formation in uncomplicated cutaneous incisional wounds by regulating the expression of key biological mediators.

Clinical significance

Phovia may be a beneficial adjunct to promote the healing of incisional wounds.
Effectiveness of Early Rehabilitation Combined With Virtual Reality Training on Muscle Strength, Mood State, and Functional Status in Patients With Acute Stroke: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Lin Ruei‐Ching , Chiang Shang‐Lin , Heitkemper Margaret McLean , Weng Shu‐Min , Lin Chi‐Feng , Yang Fu‐Chi , Lin Chia‐Huei
Published: March 2020

Background

Early rehabilitation has been shown to enhance functional outcomes. Whether the addition of virtual reality (VR) training could further improve muscle strength, mood state, and functional status for patients with acute stroke is unknown.

Aims

To investigate the effectiveness of VR training on muscle strength, mood state (depression, anxiety), and functional status in patients following acute stroke.

Methods

A randomized controlled trial was conducted. Patients with acute ischemic stroke (N = 152) were selected and randomly assigned with a 1:3 randomization ratio to either experimental group (EG) or comparison group (CG). Both groups received early rehabilitation. The EG received an extra 5 days of VR training (15 min of time, two times a day), started 24 hr to 3 days poststroke. Muscle strength, mood state, and functional status were collected at admission and at the day of discharge. Generalized estimating equations were applied to examine the intervention effects.

Results

A total of 143 participants (94%) completed the study, and 145 were included in the intention‐to‐treat analysis. Participants in the EG reported increased muscle strength of upper and lower limbs in both affected and unaffected sides, decreased depression and anxiety, and increased functional status at discharge. When the group–time interaction was examined, the EG had greater increased upper limb muscle strength of the unaffected side (ß = 0.34, p < .001) and decreased depression and anxiety scores (ß = −2.31, p = .011; ß = −1.63, p = .047) at discharge compared with the CG. However, there was no difference in the functional status change scores from baseline between EG and CG.

Linking Evidence to Action

A poststroke program that includes both early rehabilitation and VR training has greater benefit in relation to mood state and muscle strength at discharge than early rehabilitation alone. Therefore, an early physical rehabilitation program that includes VR training for acute stroke inpatients should be considered for implementation in clinical settings.
Laser Wavelengths Suitable for Generating Ultrasonic Waves in Resin-Coated Carbon Fiber Composites
Authors: Saito Osamu , Sen Enhi , Okabe Yoji , Higuchi Nobuhiro , Ishizuki Hideki , Taira Takunori
Published: March 2020

For the non-destructive inspection of carbon fiber-reinforced plastic (CFRP), lasers can be used to generate ultrasonic waves. It is important to optimize the wavelength of the laser to ensure the intense excitation of a usable propagating mode. Real CFRP components used in the construction of airplanes and automobiles are often coated with several types of resin to protect against weathering. These resin layers change the excitation of the ultrasonic waves. Thus, the optimum laser wavelength may be changed by the coating resin. In this paper, we investigated the excitation of ultrasonic waves in a resin-coated CFRP plate using different laser wavelengths. We conducted experiments to convert the laser wavelength using periodically poled LiNbO3 (PPLN) devices. By injecting mid-infrared laser to a coated sample, we observed excited ultrasonic waves using a laser Doppler vibrometer. We found that transparent resins significantly increase the amplitude of the first-arriving longitudinal wave. Furthermore, when the laser was strongly absorbed in the surface layer, the excitation of longitudinal waves was suppressed. These results were clarified by a one-dimensional model of the thermal generation of ultrasonic waves. We concluded that a laser passing through a resin layer is a viable candidate for the effective inspection of coated CFRP by laser ultrasonic waves.
A Framework for Tolerance Modeling Based on Parametric Space Envelope
Authors: Luo Chen , Franciosa Pasquale , Mo Zhijie , Ceglarek Darek
Published: March 2020

Geometric dimensioning and tolerancing (GD&T) tolerance standards are widely used in industries across the world. A mathematical model to formulate tolerance specifications to enable comprehensive tolerance analysis is highly desirable but difficult to build. Existing methods have limited success on this with form and profile tolerance modeling as a known challenge. In this paper, we propose a novel tolerance modeling framework and methodology based upon parametric space envelope, a purposely built variation tool constructed from base parametric curve. Under proposal, geometric variation (deviation as well as deformation) is modeled and linked to envelope boundary control points’ movement. This indirect tolerance modeling brings various benefits. It is versatile and can handle full set of tolerances specified under GD&T standards including form, profile, and runout tolerance. The proposal can deal with complex manufacturing part and is capable of providing modeling accuracy required by many applications. The proposed approach has added advantage of facilitating integration of various computer-aided systems to meet emerging industry demands on tolerancing in a new era of digital manufacturing. The proposed methodology is illustrated and verified with an industrial case example on a two-part assembly.
On the Implication of Porosity Configuration on Lithium-Ion Cell Performance: A Numerical Study
Authors: Kanchan Brajesh Kumar , Randive Pitambar R. , Pati Sukumar
Published: March 2020

The present study numerically investigates the implication of different porosity configurations, viz., uniform, algebraic, trigonometric, logarithmic, and stepwise constant porosities at the negative electrode on performance characteristics of Lithium-ion cell. We assess the merit of nonuniform porosity over uniform one in terms of cell performance characteristics, viz., specific energy, capacity, electrolyte salt concentration, local volumetric current density, power dissipation density, and solid lithium concentration. Our results reveal that specific energy and capacity are found to be maximum when the porosity increases logarithmically in the direction from the negative electrode–current collector to negative electrode–separator interface. Also, it is found that the variation of power dissipation density and electrolyte salt concentration characteristics are dictated by the interplay of the porosity and the length of the negative electrode. Furthermore, the effect of charging rates (quick charge, fast charge, and ultrafast charge) on cell performance is carried out. It is seen that the increment in C-rates strongly influences the cell performance. It is found that the average capacity increases by 44% at the higher C-rate, i.e., 5C when the porosity increases logarithmically. On the contrary, sinusoidal variation in porosity yields in the worst cell performance. The findings of the present study bear utility toward designing an efficient battery system that can operate for a higher number of cycles with minimal power dissipation density and can fit into the ultrafast charging technique.
Surface cleaning and sample carrier for complementary high-resolution imaging techniques
Authors: Benettoni Pietro , Ye Jia-Yu , Holbrook Timothy R. , Calabrese Federica , Wagner Stephan , Zarejousheghani Mashaalah , Griebel Jan , Ullrich Maria K. , Musat Niculina , Schmidt Matthias , Flyunt Roman , Reemtsma Thorsten , Richnow Hans-Hermann , Stryhanyuk Hryhoriy
Published: March 2020

Nowadays, high-resolution imaging techniques are extensively applied in a complementary way to gain insights into complex phenomena. For a truly complementary analytical approach, a common sample carrier is required that is suitable for the different preparation methods necessary for each analytical technique. This sample carrier should be capable of accommodating diverse analytes and maintaining their pristine composition and arrangement during deposition and preparation. In this work, a new type of sample carrier consisting of a silicon wafer with a hydrophilic polymer coating was developed. The robustness of the polymer coating toward solvents was strengthened by cross-linking and stoving. Furthermore, a new method of UV-ozone cleaning was developed that enhances the adhesion of the polymer coating to the wafer and ensures reproducible surface-properties of the resulting sample carrier. The hydrophilicity of the sample carrier was recovered applying the new method of UV-ozone cleaning, while avoiding UV-induced damages to the polymer. Noncontact 3D optical profilometry and contact angle measurements were used to monitor the hydrophilicity of the coating. The hydrophilicity of the polymer coating ensures its spongelike behavior so that upon the deposition of an analyte suspension, the solvent and solutes are separated from the analyte by absorption into the polymer. This feature is essential to limit the coffee-ring effect and preserve the native identity of an analyte upon deposition. The suitability of the sample carrier for various sample types was tested using nanoparticles from suspension, bacterial cells, and tissue sections. To assess the homogeneity of the analyte distribution and preservation of sample integrity, optical and scanning electron microscopy, helium ion microscopy, laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry, and time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry were used. This demonstrates the broad applicability of the newly developed sample carrier and its value for complementary imaging.
Is prosodic information alone sufficient for guiding early grammatical acquisition?
Authors: Massicotte-Laforge Sarah , Shi Rushen
Published: March 2020

An infant perceptual experiment investigated the role of prosody. All-nonsense-word sentences (e.g., Guin felli crale vur ti gosine), each in structure 1 ([[Determiner + Adjective + Noun] [Verb + Determiner + Noun]]) and structure 2 ([[Determiner + Noun] [Verb + Preposition + Determiner + Noun]]), were recorded (by mimicking real-word French sentences) with disambiguating prosodic groupings matching the two major constituents. French-learning 20- and 24-month-olds were familiarized with either structure 1 or structure 2. All infants were tested with noun-use trials (e.g., Le crale “the crale-Noun”) versus verb-use trials (Tu crales “You crale-Verb”). Structure-2-familiarized infants, but not structure-1-familiarized infants, discriminated the test trials, demonstrating that prosody alone guides verb categorization. Noun categorization requires determiners, as shown in earlier work [S. Massicotte-Laforge and R. Shi, J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 138(4), EL441–EL446 (2015)].
Analysis of the ray-based blind deconvolution algorithm for shipping sources
Authors: Durofchalk Nicholas C. , Sabra Karim G.
Published: March 2020

The ray-based blind deconvolution (RBD) technique for ocean waveguides estimates both the unknown waveform radiated by some source of opportunity and the channel impulse response (CIR) between the source and the receiving elements of an array of hydrophones using only measured signals, knowledge of the array geometry, and the local sound speed. Previous studies have investigated the applicability of this method for shipping sources in a shallow, nearly range-independent waveguide (∼200 m depth), but using a limited set of shipping vessels (typically only the research vessel itself) and operating within a small domain of RBD processing parameters (e.g., integration time and frequency band). This study systematically investigates the performance of the RBD method for estimating the CIR for a large set of shipping vessels recorded on short aperture, bottom-mounted, vertical arrays deployed in the Santa Barbara channel across different frequency bands and integration times, and also in comparison to CIR measured using active sources. Furthermore, the influence of the source motion on the RBD algorithm is quantified both numerically and experimentally.
Nonlinear time-warping made simple: A step-by-step tutorial on underwater
acoustic modal separation with a single hydrophone
Authors: Bonnel Julien , Thode Aaron , Wright Dana , Chapman Ross
Published: March 2020

Classical ocean acoustic experiments involve the use of synchronized arrays of sensors. However, the need to cover large areas and/or the use of small robotic platforms has evoked interest in single-hydrophone processing methods for localizing a source or characterizing the propagation environment. One such processing method is “warping,” a non-linear, physics-based signal processing tool dedicated to decomposing multipath features of low-frequency transient signals (frequency f < 500 Hz), after their propagation through shallow water (depth D < 200 m) and their reception on a distant single hydrophone (range r > 1 km). Since its introduction to the underwater acoustics community in 2010, warping has been adopted in the ocean acoustics literature, mostly as a pre-processing method for single receiver geoacoustic inversion. Warping also has potential applications in other specialties, including bioacoustics; however, the technique can be daunting to many potential users unfamiliar with its intricacies. Consequently, this tutorial article covers basic warping theory, presents simulation examples, and provides practical experimental strategies. Accompanying supplementary material provides matlab code and simulated and experimental datasets for easy implementation of warping on both impulsive and frequency-modulated signals from both biotic and man-made sources. This combined material should provide interested readers with user-friendly resources for implementing warping methods into their own research.
Zero-energy bound states in the high-temperature superconductors at the two-dimensional limit
Authors: Liu Chaofei , Chen Cheng , Liu Xiaoqiang , Wang Ziqiao , Liu Yi , Ye Shusen , Wang Ziqiang , Hu Jiangping , Wang Jian
Published: March 2020

Zero-energy bound states representing Majorana zero modes are detected in monolayer high-temperature superconducting films.
A new algorithm to convert a normal antibody into the corresponding catalytic antibody
Authors: Hifumi Emi , Taguchi Hiroaki , Tsuda Haruna , Minagawa Tetsuro , Nonaka Tamami , Uda Taizo
Published: March 2020

We report a system for converting a monoclonal antibody to the corresponding catalytic antibody by deletion of Pro
95
.
Bioenergetic-active materials enhance tissue regeneration by modulating cellular metabolic state
Authors: Liu Haoming , Du Yingying , St-Pierre Jean-Philippe , Bergholt Mads S. , Autefage Hélène , Wang Jianglin , Cai Mingle , Yang Gaojie , Stevens Molly M. , Zhang Shengmin
Published: March 2020

We report a biodegradable synthetic material that opens a door to repair damaged tissue via boosting cellular energy metabolism.
DUSP6 SUMOylation protects cells from oxidative damage via direct regulation of Drp1 dephosphorylation
Authors: Ma Ruining , Ma Lina , Weng Weiji , Wang Yingping , Liu Huiqing , Guo Rongjun , Gao Yingwei , Tu Jun , Xu Tian-Le , Cheng Jinke , Zhu Michael X. , Zhou Aiwu , Li Yong
Published: March 2020

Our work uncovers a novel SUMOylation-dependent regulation of DUSP6 stability and its activity, which regulates Drp1 function.
Breath figure–derived porous semiconducting films for organic electronics
Authors: Zhang Xinan , Wang Binghao , Huang Lizhen , Huang Wei , Wang Zhi , Zhu Weigang , Chen Yao , Mao YanLi , Facchetti Antonio , Marks Tobin J.
Published: March 2020

We show here that breath figure–derived semiconducting films are suitable and universal for porous organic electronics.
Coordinated regulation of infection-related morphogenesis by the KMT2-Cre1-Hyd4 regulatory pathway to facilitate fungal infection
Authors: Lai Yiling , Cao Xuan , Chen Jingjing , Wang Lili , Wei Gang , Wang Sibao
Published: March 2020

The KMT2-Cre1-Hyd4 regulatory pathway modulates infection-related morphogenesis and pathogenicity in an insecticidal fungus.
SKP1 drives the prophase I to metaphase I transition during male meiosis
Authors: Guan Yongjuan , Leu N. Adrian , Ma Jun , Chmátal Lukáš , Ruthel Gordon , Bloom Jordana C. , Lampson Michael A. , Schimenti John C. , Luo Mengcheng , Wang P. Jeremy
Published: March 2020

SKP1 coordinates chromosome synapsis and meiotic recombination with progression through the first meiotic cell division in mouse.
The insulator functions of theDrosophilapolydactyl C2H2 zinc finger protein CTCF: Necessity versus sufficiency
Authors: Kyrchanova Olga , Maksimenko Oksana , Ibragimov Airat , Sokolov Vladimir , Postika Nikolay , Lukyanova Maria , Schedl Paul , Georgiev Pavel
Published: March 2020

CTCF sufficiency depends on various combinations of architectural proteins.
Isolation of an elusive phosphatetrahedrane
Authors: Riu Martin-Louis Y. , Jones Rebecca L. , Transue Wesley J. , Müller Peter , Cummins Christopher C.
Published: March 2020

Extreme strain eased with P-incorporation.
Role of mechanical cues and hypoxia on the growth of tumor cells in strong and weak confinement: A dual in vitro–in silico approach
Authors: Le Maout V. , Alessandri K. , Gurchenkov B. , Bertin H. , Nassoy P. , Sciumè G.
Published: March 2020

Dynamics of tumor cell growth is captured by an in silico model able to predicate effect of confinement observed in vitro.
The effect of human mobility and control measures on the COVID-19 epidemic in China
Authors: Kraemer Moritz U. G. , Yang Chia-Hung , Gutierrez Bernardo , Wu Chieh-Hsi , Klein Brennan , Pigott David M. ,   Open COVID-19 Data Working Group, du Plessis Louis , Faria Nuno R. , Li Ruoran , Hanage William P. , Brownstein John S. , Layan Maylis , Vespignani Alessandro , Tian Huaiyu , Dye Christopher , Pybus Oliver G. , Scarpino Samuel V.
Published: March 2020

Tracing infection from mobility data

What sort of measures are required to contain the spread of severe acute respiratory syndrome–coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), which causes coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)? The rich data from the Open COVID-19 Data Working Group include the dates when people first reported symptoms, not just a positive test date. Using these data and real-time travel data from the internet services company Baidu, Kraemer
et al.
found that mobility statistics offered a precise record of the spread of SARS-CoV-2 among the cities of China at the start of 2020. The frequency of introductions from Wuhan were predictive of the size of the epidemic sparked in other provinces. However, once the virus had escaped Wuhan, strict local control measures such as social isolation and hygiene, rather than long-distance travel restrictions, played the largest part in controlling SARS-CoV-2 spread.

Science
, this issue p.
493
Acute kidney injury promotes development of papillary renal cell adenoma and carcinoma from renal progenitor cells
Authors: Peired Anna Julie , Antonelli Giulia , Angelotti Maria Lucia , Allinovi Marco , Guzzi Francesco , Sisti Alessandro , Semeraro Roberto , Conte Carolina , Mazzinghi Benedetta , Nardi Sara , Melica Maria Elena , De Chiara Letizia , Lazzeri Elena , Lasagni Laura , Lottini Tiziano , Landini Samuela , Giglio Sabrina , Mari Andrea , Di Maida Fabrizio , Antonelli Alessandro , Porpiglia Francesco , Schiavina Riccardo , Ficarra Vincenzo , Facchiano Davide , Gacci Mauro , Serni Sergio , Carini Marco , Netto George J. , Roperto Rosa Maria , Magi Alberto , Christiansen Christian Fynbo , Rotondi Mario , Liapis Helen , Anders Hans-Joachim , Minervini Andrea , Raspollini Maria Rosaria , Romagnani Paola
Published: March 2020

Papillary renal cell carcinoma derives from renal progenitors in an adenoma-carcinoma sequence, and acute kidney injury is a preventable risk factor.
Noninvasive localization of cardiac arrhythmias using electromechanical wave imaging
Authors: Grubb Christopher S. , Melki Lea , Wang Daniel Y. , Peacock James , Dizon Jose , Iyer Vivek , Sorbera Carmine , Biviano Angelo , Rubin David A. , Morrow John P. , Saluja Deepak , Tieu Andrew , Nauleau Pierre , Weber Rachel , Chaudhary Salma , Khurram Irfan , Waase Marc , Garan Hasan , Konofagou Elisa E. , Wan Elaine Y.
Published: March 2020

Electromechanical wave imaging accurately localizes atrial and ventricular cardiac arrhythmias in adult patients in a double-blinded clinical study.
Applying genome-wide CRISPR-Cas9 screens for therapeutic discovery in facioscapulohumeral muscular dystrophy
Authors: Lek Angela , Zhang Yuanfan , Woodman Keryn G. , Huang Shushu , DeSimone Alec M. , Cohen Justin , Ho Vincent , Conner James , Mead Lillian , Kodani Andrew , Pakula Anna , Sanjana Neville , King Oliver D. , Jones Peter L. , Wagner Kathryn R. , Lek Monkol , Kunkel Louis M.
Published: March 2020

Genome-wide CRISPR-Cas9 screens identify druggable pathways associated with facioscapulohumeral muscular dystrophy.
A high-salt diet compromises antibacterial neutrophil responses through hormonal perturbation
Authors: Jobin Katarzyna , Stumpf Natascha E. , Schwab Sebastian , Eichler Melanie , Neubert Patrick , Rauh Manfred , Adamowski Marek , Babyak Olena , Hinze Daniel , Sivalingam Sugirthan , Weisheit Christina , Hochheiser Katharina , Schmidt Susanne V. , Meissner Mirjam , Garbi Natalio , Abdullah Zeinab , Wenzel Ulrich , Hölzel Michael , Jantsch Jonathan , Kurts Christian
Published: March 2020

A high-salt diet in mice and humans impairs neutrophil antibacterial functions by dysregulating immunosuppressive steroid hormones.
Near-Complete Genome Sequence of an H5N1 Avian Influenza Virus Strain Isolated from a Swan in Southwest Kazakhstan in 2006
Authors: Burashev Yerbol , Strochkov Vitaliy , Sultankulova Kulyaisan , Orynbayev Mukhit , Kassenov Markhabat , Kozhabergenov Nurlan , Shorayeva Kamshat , Sadikaliyeva Sandugash , Issabek Aisha , Almezhanova Meirym , Nakhanov Aziz , Savitskaya Irina , Zakarya Kunsulu
Published: March 2020

We report the near-complete genome sequence of an influenza H5N1 virus strain isolated from a dead swan on the southeastern Caspian seashore in 2006. The results of the surface protein HA phylogenetic analysis showed that the A/swan/Mangystau/3/2006 virus belongs to the EA-nonGsGD clade.
Complete Genome Sequence of Acidithiobacillus ferridurans JAGS, Isolated from Acidic Mine Drainage
Authors: Chen Jinjin , Liu Yilan , Diep Patrick , Jo Andrew , Nesbø Camilla , Edwards Elizabeth , Papangelakis Vladimiros , Mahadevan Radhakrishnan
Published: March 2020

We report a complete genome sequence of
Acidithiobacillus ferridurans
JAGS, determined using PacBio single-molecule real-time (SMRT) sequencing. The circular genome of JAGS (2,933,811 bp; GC content, 58.57%) contains 3,001 protein-coding sequences, 46 tRNAs, and 6 rRNAs. Predicted genes indicate the potential to fix CO
2
and N
2
and to utilize Fe
2+
, S
0
, and H
2
as energy sources.
Draft Genome Sequences of Two Acinetobacter baumannii Isolates from a Fatal Case of Necrotizing Fasciitis
Authors: Arivett Brock A. , Charnot-Katsikas Angella , Bethel Cindy , Fiester Steven E. , Actis Luis A.
Published: March 2020

Carbapenem-resistant
Acinetobacter baumannii
is a bacterial pathogen with serious implications for human health and is recognized as an urgent threat by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Total DNA from two
A. baumannii
clinical isolates collected over 3 days from a fatal case of necrotizing fasciitis has been sequenced to >30× coverage.
Draft Genome Sequence of a Haemophilus parainfluenzae Strain Isolated from a Patient with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
Authors: Fluit Ad C. , Ekkelenkamp Miquel B. , Tunney Michael M. , Elborn J. Stuart , Rogers Malbert R. C. , Bayjanov Jumamurat R.
Published: March 2020

Haemophilus parainfluenzae
is considered part of the normal oropharyngeal flora but is known to occasionally cause infections. It is closely related to
Haemophilus influenzae
. Here, we report the genome sequence of
H. parainfluenzae
COPD-014-E1 O, which was cultured from the sputum of a patient with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.
Whole-Genome Sequencing of Salmonella enterica Serovar Infantis and Kentucky Isolates Obtained from Layer Poultry Farms in Ecuador
Authors: Calero-Cáceres William , Villacís Joyce , Ishida Maria , Burnett Elton , Vinueza-Burgos Christian
Published: March 2020

Five strains of
Salmonella enterica
subsp.
enterica
serovar Infantis and two strains of
S. enterica
subsp.
enterica
serovar Kentucky isolated in 2017 from Ecuadorian layer poultry farms were sequenced using Illumina MiSeq technology. These isolates were collected on layer farms in central Ecuador, one of the most important areas of egg production in the country. The genome sequences of these isolates show valuable information for surveillance purposes.
Genome Sequence of Komagataeibacter saccharivorans Strain JH1, Isolated from Fruit Flies
Authors: Hollensteiner Jacqueline , Poehlein Anja , Kloskowski Patrick , Ali Tariq Tammam , Daniel Rolf
Published: March 2020

We present the genome sequence of
Komagataeibacter saccharivorans
strain JH1, which belongs to the acetic acid bacteria. The draft genome sequence consists of 3.7 Mb and contains 3,437 predicted protein-encoding genes. This organism contains putative genes involved in cellulose and levan biosynthesis.
Draft Genome Sequences of 26
Salmonella
Isolates Associated with Multiple Outbreaks in Brazil
Authors: Cao Guojie , Balkey Maria , Jin Qing , Brown Eric , Allard Marc , de Melo Adma Nadja Ferreira , do Monte Daniel Farias Marinho , de Oliveira Tereza Cristina Rocha Moreira , Magnani Marciane , Macarisin Dumitru
Published: March 2020

Salmonella enterica
subsp.
enterica
isolates are the leading cause of foodborne illness worldwide. Here, we report the draft genomes of 26
Salmonella
isolates of food and clinical origin, belonging to four serovars, associated with outbreaks from 1999 to 2006 in the south of Brazil.
Draft Genome Sequence of
Verrucosispora
sp. Strain CWR15, Isolated from a Gulf of Mexico Sponge
Authors: Kennedy Sarah J. , Cella Eleonora , Jubair Mohammad , Azarian Taj , Baker Bill J. , Shaw Lindsey N.
Published: March 2020

Here, we present the draft genome sequence of
Verrucosispora
sp. strain CWR15, a bacterial symbiont of a Gulf of Mexico sponge. The genome consists of 35 contigs encoding 5,840 genes. The genome is the basis for future study and presents an underexplored taxonomy and biosynthetic potential.
Characterization of the
Enterobacter
Phage vB_EclM_CIP9
Authors: Wang Klara , Tamayo Marielou G. , Penner Tiffany V. , Cook Bradley W. M. , Court Deborah A. , Theriault Steven S.
Published: March 2020

Enterobacter cloacae
is an opportunistic pathogen that causes hospital-acquired infections in immunocompromised patients. Here, we describe vB_EclM_CIP9, a novel
Enterobacter
phage that infects a multidrug-resistant isolate of
E. cloacae
. Phage vB_EclM_CIP9 is a myovirus that has a 174,924-bp genome, with 296 predicted open reading frames.
Accreted forearc, continental, and oceanic rocks of Maryland’s Eastern Piedmont: The Potomac terrane, Baltimore terrane, and Baltimore Mafic Complex
Authors: Adams Rebecca Kavage , Junkin William , Brezinski David K.
Published: March 2020

The Baltimore terrane, the Baltimore Mafic Complex (BMC), and the Potomac terrane are telescoped tectonostratigraphic packages of metasedimentary and meta-igneous rocks that record the geologic history of eastern Maryland from 1.2 Ga to 300 Ma. These terranes provide insight into the understanding of the rifting of Rodinia and the initial amalgamation of eastern Laurentia. The oldest of these rocks are exposed as gneiss domes in the Baltimore terrane, with gneissic Grenvillian crust overlain by a metasedimentary cover succession believed to have been deposited during Rodinian rifting and the formation of the Iapetus ocean. These rocks are interpreted to be analogous to the Blue Ridge sequence in western Maryland. Late Cambrian ultramafites and amphibolites of the BMC discordantly overlie the Baltimore terrane to the east and north, and may represent ophiolitic oceanic crust obducted over eastern Laurentia continental rocks as an island-arc collisional event during the Taconian orogeny. To the west, a thick assemblage of schist, graywacke, metadiamictite, and ultramafic bodies comprises the Potomac terrane, a polygenetic mélange that may have formed in an accretionary wedge during Taconian subduction and collision with the Laurentian continental margin. The Pleasant Grove fault zone marks the Taconian suture of these accreted terranes to Laurentian rocks of the central Maryland Piedmont, and preserves evidence of dextral transpression during the Alleghenian orogeny in the Late Pennsylvanian.
Infection is associated with one in five childhood deaths in England and Wales: analysis of national death registrations data, 2013–15
Authors: Ferreras-Antolín Laura , Oligbu Godwin , Okike Ifeanyichukwu O , Ladhani Shamez
Published: March 2020

Objective

To estimate the contribution of infections to childhood deaths in England and Wales over a 3-year period.

Design

Retrospective analysis of national electronic death registration data.

Setting

England and Wales.

Patients

Children aged 28 days to 15 years who died during 2013–15.

Main outcome measures

The proportion of children who died of infection compared with total deaths over 3 years; the main pathogens responsible for infection-related deaths in different age groups; comparison with similar data from 2003 to 2005.

Results

There were 5088 death registrations recorded in children aged 28 days to <15 years in England and Wales during the three calendar years, 2013–2015 (17.6 deaths/100 000 children annually) compared with 6897 (23.9/100 000) during 2003–05 (incidence rate ratios (IRR) 0.74, 95% CI 0.71 to 0.77). During 2013–15, there were 951 (18.7%, 951/5088) infection-related deaths compared with 1368 (19.8%, 1368/6897) during 2003–05, equivalent to an infection-related mortality rate of 3.3/100 000 compared with 4.8/100 000 during the two periods (IRR 0.69, 95% CI 0.64 to 0.75), respectively. An underlying comorbidity was recorded in 55.0% (523/951) of death registrations during 2013–15 and increased with age. Where recorded, respiratory tract infection was the most commonly reported presentation (374/876, 42.7%) during 2013–15. Central nervous system infections accounted for only 4.8% (42/876). Overall, 63.1% (378/599) of infection-related deaths were associated with a bacterial, 34.2% (205/599) with a viral and 2.5% (15/599) with a fungal infection.

Conclusions

Beyond the neonatal period, all-cause and infection-related childhood mortality rates have declined by 26% and 31%, respectively, over the past decade. However, infection continues to contribute to one in five childhood deaths.
Mouse model of metformin-induced diarrhea
Authors: Takemori Hiroshi , Hamamoto Akie , Isogawa Kenta , Ito Masafumi , Takagi Masanori , Morino Hirofumi , Miura Takanori , Oshida Kyoichi , Shibata Takashi
Published: March 2020

Objective

Metformin, an oral medication used for type 2 diabetes mellitus, is the most commonly prescribed drug with less economic burden of patients. Although metformin’s efficacy and safety have long been recognized, approximately 5% of the patients treated with this drug develop severe diarrhea as an adverse effect and have to abandon treatment. Because there is no animal model to study metformin-induced diarrhea, it is hard to develop methods to maintain quality of life of patients prescribed with metformin.

Research design and methods

Using mouse models, we tried to develop an evaluation system for metformin-induced diarrhea to improve diarrheal symptoms in patients with diabetes. Healthy (C57BL/6J) and diabetic obese (db/db) mice were subjected to a stepwise dose escalation of metformin (250 mg/kg/day (125 mg/kg twice daily oral dose)—1000 mg/kg/day (500 mg/kg twice daily oral dose)), and fecal moisture contents and their score were monitored. To evaluate anti-diarrheal medications, wood creosote (a traditional medicine) was tested. Several groups of enterobacteria in fresh feces were examined by using PCR.

Results

1000 mg/kg/day (four times maximal effective dose) of metformin significantly increased fecal moisture content. Although no symptoms of diarrhea were observed in healthy C57BL/6J mice, the same dose of metformin induced severe diarrhea in diabetic obese db/db mice. A reduction in PCR signals for the Firmicutes group was associated with metformin-induced diarrhea. Wood creosote reduced diarrhea (high water-content) without affecting metformin’s efficacy or enterobacterial flora levels.

Conclusions

We have created the first animal model of metformin-induced diarrhea using db/db mice, which will provide better quality of life for patients suffering from diarrhea caused by metformin.
The global and national burden of chronic kidney disease attributable to ambient fine particulate matter air pollution: a modelling study
Authors: Bowe Benjamin , Artimovich Elena , Xie Yan , Yan Yan , Cai Miao , Al-Aly Ziyad
Published: March 2020

Introduction

We aimed to integrate all available epidemiological evidence to characterise an exposure–response model of ambient fine particulate matter (PM2.5) and the risk of chronic kidney disease (CKD) across the spectrum of PM2.5concentrations experienced by humans. We then estimated the global and national burden of CKD attributable to PM2.5.

Methods

We collected data from prior studies on the association of PM2.5with CKD and used an integrative meta-regression approach to build non-linear exposure–response models of the risk of CKD associated with PM2.5exposure. We then estimated the 2017 global and national incidence, prevalence, disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) and deaths due to CKD attributable to PM2.5in 194 countries and territories. Burden estimates were generated by linkage of risk estimates to Global Burden of Disease study datasets.

Results

The exposure–response function exhibited evidence of an increase in risk with increasing PM2.5concentrations, where the rate of risk increase gradually attenuated at higher PM2.5concentrations. Globally, in 2017, there were 3 284 358.2 (95% UI 2 800 710.5 to 3 747 046.1) incident and 122 409 460.2 (108 142 312.2 to 136 424 137.9) prevalent cases of CKD attributable to PM2.5, and 6 593 134.6 (5 705 180.4 to 7 479 818.4) DALYs and 211 019.2 (184 292.5 to 236 520.4) deaths due to CKD attributable to PM2.5. The burden was disproportionately borne by low income and lower middle income countries and exhibited substantial geographic variability, even among countries with similar levels of sociodemographic development. Globally, 72.8% of prevalent cases of CKD attributable to PM2.5and 74.2% of DALYs due to CKD attributable to PM2.5were due to concentrations above 10 µg/m3, the WHO air quality guidelines.

Conclusion

The global burden of CKD attributable to PM2.5is substantial, varies by geography and is disproportionally borne by disadvantaged countries. Most of the burden is associated with PM2.5levels above the WHO guidelines, suggesting that achieving those targets may yield reduction in CKD burden.
Effect of peer support on patient anxiety during the coronary angiography or percutaneous coronary intervention perioperative period: a protocol for a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials
Authors: Qin Shuo , Gu Yanmei , Song Tianyu
Published: March 2020

Introduction

The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of peer support on patient anxiety during the perioperative period of coronary angiography or percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI).

Methods and analysis

We will search the following databases (PubMed, Web of Science, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, CINAHL, Clinicaltrials.gov, WHO International Clinical Trials Registry Platform, Google Scholar, Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure, Chinese Science and Technology Periodicals Database, Chinese BioMedical Database and Wanfang Data) from the date of database inception to January 2019. Only randomised controlled trials will be included. For the data analysis, we will use RevMan V.5.3.5 software to evaluate the risk of bias, and the heterogeneity will be investigated using the Q statistic and P index. Additionally, the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation system will be used to assess the quality of evidence.

Ethics and dissemination

No ethics approval will be required since this is a systematic review of published studies. We aim to report information regarding the effects of peer support on patient anxiety during the perioperative period of coronary angiography or PCI. This systematic review and meta-analysis will be submitted to a peer-reviewed journal for publication.

PROSPERO registration number

CRD42019123290.
Impact of valve morphology, hypertension and age on aortic wall properties in patients with coarctation: a two-centre cross-sectional study
Authors: Ghorbani Niky , Muthurangu Vivek , Khushnood Abbas , Goubergrits Leonid , Nordmeyer Sarah , Fernandes Joao Filipe , Lee Chong-Bin , Runte Kilian , Roth Sophie , Schubert Stephan , Kelle Sebastian , Berger Felix , Kuehne Titus , Kelm Marcus
Published: March 2020

Objective

We aimed to investigate the combined effects of arterial hypertension, bicuspid aortic valve disease (BAVD) and age on the distensibility of the ascending and descending aortas in patients with aortic coarctation.

Design

Cross-sectional study.

Setting

The study was conducted at two university medical centres, located in Berlin and London.

Participants

A total of 121 patients with aortic coarctation (ages 1–71 years) underwent cardiac MRI, echocardiography and blood pressure measurements.

Outcome measures

Cross-sectional diameters of the ascending and descending aortas were assessed to compute aortic area distensibility. Findings were compared with age-specific reference values. The study complied with the Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology statement and reporting guidelines.

Results

Impaired distensibility (below fifth percentile) was seen in 37% of all patients with coarctation in the ascending aorta and in 43% in the descending aorta. BAVD (43%) and arterial hypertension (72%) were present across all ages. In patients >10 years distensibility impairment of the ascending aorta was predominantly associated with BAVD (OR 3.1, 95% CI 1.33 to 7.22, p=0.009). Distensibility impairment of the descending aorta was predominantly associated with arterial hypertension (OR 2.8, 95% CI 1.08 to 7.2, p=0.033) and was most pronounced in patients with uncontrolled hypertension despite antihypertensive treatment.

Conclusion

From early adolescence on, both arterial hypertension and BAVD have a major impact on aortic distensibility. Their specific effects differ in strength and localisation (descending vs ascending aorta). Moreover, adequate blood pressure control is associated with improved distensibility. These findings could contribute to the understanding of cardiovascular complications and the management of patients with aortic coarctation.
Overview of the burden of chronic kidney disease in Mexico: secondary data analysis based on the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017
Authors: Agudelo-Botero Marcela , Valdez-Ortiz Rafael , Giraldo-Rodríguez Liliana , González-Robledo María Cecilia , Mino-León Dolores , Rosales-Herrera María Fernanda , Cahuana-Hurtado Lucero , Rojas-Russell Mario Enrique , Dávila-Cervantes Claudio Alberto
Published: March 2020

Objective

To describe the evolution of the burden of chronic kidney disease (CKD) in Mexico by states, sex and subtypes from 1990 to 2017.

Design

Secondary data analysis based on the Global Burden of Disease Study (GBD) 2017.

Participants

Mexico and its 32 states. Data were publicly available and de-identified and individuals were not involved.

Methods

We analysed age-standardised mortality rates, years of life lost (YLL) due to premature death, years lived with disability (YLD) and disability-adjusted life years (DALY), as well as the percentage of change of these indicators between 1990 and 2017.

Results

From 1990 to 2017, the number of deaths, YLL, YLD and DALY due to CKD increased from 12 395 to 65 033, from 330 717 to 1 544 212, from 86 416 to 210 924 and from 417 133 to 1 755 136, respectively. Age-standardised rates went from 28.7 to 58.1 for deaths (% of change 102.3), from 601.2 to 1296.7 for YLL (% of change 115.7), from 158.3 to 175.4 for YLD (% of change 10.9) and from 759.4 to 1472.2 for DALY (% of change 93.8). The highest burden of CKD was for Puebla and the lowest for Sinaloa. It was also greater for men than women. By subtypes of CKD, diabetes and hypertension were the causes that contributed most to the loss of years of healthy life in the Mexican population.

Conclusions

Mexico has experienced exponential and unprecedented growth in the burden of CKD with significant differences by states, sex and subtypes. Data from the GBD are key inputs to guide decision-making and focus efforts towards the reduction of inequities in CKD. These results should be considered a valuable resource that can help guide the epidemiological monitoring of this disease and prioritise the most appropriate health interventions.
Mixed-methods approach to understanding clinician macrocognition in the design of a clinical decision support tool: a study protocol
Authors: Assadi Azadeh , Laussen Peter , Trbovich Patricia
Published: March 2020

Introduction

The anatomic variants of congenital heart disease (CHD) are multiple. The increased survival of these patients and disposition into communities has led to an increase in their acute presentation to non-CHD experts in primary care clinics and emergency departments. Given the vulnerability and fragility of these patients in the face of acute illness, new clinical decision support systems (CDSS) are urgently needed to better translate the best practice recommendations for the care of these patients. This study aims to understand the perceived confidence and macrocognitive processes of non-CHD experts (emergency medicine physicians) and CHD experts (paediatric cardiac intensivists) when treating children with CHD during acute illness and apply this to optimise the design of a CDSS (MyHeartPass™) for these patients.

Methods and analysis

The first phase of the study involves a survey of non-CHD experts and CHD experts to understand their perceived confidence as it relates to treating acutely ill patients with CHD. The second phase is a qualitative cognitive task analysis using critical decision method to characterise and compare the macrocognitive processes used by non-CHD experts and CHD experts during the critical decision making. In phases 3 and 4, heuristic evaluation and usability testing of the CDSS will be completed. These results will be used to inform design changes to the chosen CDSS (MyHeartPass™). In the final phase, a within-participant simulation design will be used to study the effect of the CDSS on clinical decision making compared with baseline (without use of CDSS).

Ethics and dissemination

Ethics approval from The Hospital for Sick Children in Toronto, Ontario, Canada has been obtained for all phases. Results will be published in peer-reviewed journals and presented at relevant conferences. On successful completion of these studies, it is anticipated that there will be a controlled implementation of the redesigned CDSS.