bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Circulação e recepção da literatura psicografada a partir da coleção A vida no mundo espiritual (1944-1968), de Chico Xavier
Authors: Soares Ana Lorym
Published: May 2020

Neste texto, o objetivo é mapear e interpretar, dentro de uma comunidade específica de leitores, a circulação e a recepção da coleção de romances psicografados por Chico Xavier e editados pela Federação Espírita Brasileira (FEB), A vida no mundo espiritual (1944-1968). Coleção que foi produzida e veiculada dentro de um contexto missionário que entendia o livro psicografado como portador de verdades reveladas do “Além”, não obstante a narrativa romanceada impusesse a segmentos de leitores a impressão de que se tratava apenas de ficção.
A Neve das PalAVRAS
Authors: Cantinho Maria João
Published: May 2020

Este artigo quer ler a vida de Paul Pessakh Antschel – nome verdadeiro de Celan.  Paul Antschel muda o seu nome de Antschel para o anagrama Celan, que viria a conservar ao longo de toda a sua vida. As leituras de Marx e Nietszche, a par da poesia alemã, sobretudo Hölderlin e Rilke, mas também Goethe e Schiller, Heine, Trakl, Kafka, Hofmannsthal, entre outros, desenvolveram no poeta um gosto pela política e simultaneamente pela literatura. Música e morte entretecem-se, na poesia de Celan, evocando a atmosfera lírica de Schubert – A Morte e a Donzela - ou de Mahler, de Brahms e do Requiem Alemão, numa tentativa de harmonizar a mais dolorosa e insustentável vivência. Celebração, não da morte, mas daqueles que pereceram nos campos de morte, sob as condições mais desumanas que é possível imaginar-se e a dilaceração surge, de forma sublime, no poema “Fuga da Morte”. No poema “A morte é uma flor”, Celan alegoriza a morte através da imagem de uma flor, uma flor que “só abre uma vez”. Trata-se de um mundo de uma beleza terrível, onde os mortos “brotam e florescem”. Morrem para a vida, florescendo para a linguagem poética, a única capaz de resgatar a experiência do horror, pela via da rememoração. Rememorar a experiência vivida deve ser entendido como o gesto que simultaneamente leva a cabo a destruição dos elos orgânicos e, contrariamente, encerra em si uma pretensão redentora, essa a verdadeira finalidade da poesia de Celan.
“Quando o negro se movimenta, toda a possibilidade de futuro com ele se move”
Authors: Silva Roger Luiz Pereira da , Santos Marinês Ribeiro dos , Amstel Frederick Van
Published: May 2020

O objetivo deste artigo é identificar como a linguagem Afrofuturista se apropria de proposições correlatas as lutas do movimento negro brasileiro, comouma estratégia de resistência em relação ao racismo. A metodologia de análise se baseia em uma revisão bibliográfica a partir dos estudos de representação identitária (Stuart Hall), Movimento Negro (Nilma Lino Gomes) e Afrofuturismo (Ytasha Womack). Assim, este estudo demonstra como as técnicas de design inseridas nas produções estéticas e artísticas se tornam ferramentas cruciais para a construção imagética e emancipação social a partir das representações das populações negras na cultura contemporânea.
Editorial
Authors: Albuquerque: revista de história Editores de
Published: May 2020

Editorial deste número. Discorremos acerca dos 10 anos de albuquerque: revista de história, o percurso traçado desde sua fundação em 2009, as mudanças para o formato digital e os novos caminhos a partir da vinculação com o Programa de Pós-graduação em Estudos Culturais, da Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul - Câmpus de Aquidauana, desde 2019.
Mathematical modelling of concentration profiles for species transport through the single and the interconnected multiple-compartment systems
Authors: Adedire Oludare , J. N. Ndam
Published: May 2020

In this research work, we investigate the concentration profiles in the single and the interconnected multiple-compartment systems with sieve partitions for the transport of chemical species with second order chemical reaction kinetics. With assumption of unidirectional transport of chemical species and constant physical properties with same equilibrium contant, the developed partial differential equations representing the two systems are spatially discretized using the Method of Lines (MOL) technique and the resulting semi-discrete system of ODEs are solved using MATLAB ode15s solver. The results show that the interconnected multiple-compartment system has lower concentration profile than the single-compartment system for different values of diffusivities.
Provas e demonstrações e níveis do pensamento geométrico: conceitos, bases epistemológicas e relações
Authors: Lima Marcella Luanna da Silva , Santos Marcelo Câmara dos
Published: May 2020

As ideias apresentadas por Balacheff evidenciam a importância do trabalho com as provas e demonstrações matemáticas na Educação Básica pois, em seu estudo, ele se interessou em saber qual a natureza das provas, se é possível elucidar uma hierarquia da gênese da demonstração e quais são os meios de provocar sua evolução. Balacheff teve como base epistemológica o método das provas e refutações de Imre Lakatos, o qual descreve a Matemática como uma ciência falível, semi-empírica e que cresce por meio da crítica e correção de teorias, estimulando assim o trabalho com procura por regularidades, teste, formulação, justificação, refutação, reformulação, reflexão e generalização. Já as ideias defendidas por van Hiele evidenciam a importância de compreender os níveis de pensamento geométrico dos alunos para, assim, elaborar materiais e utilizar a linguagem adequada para cada nível. Para isso, van Hiele recebe algumas influências da psicologia da Gestalt sobre o conceito de insight e as leis da teoria da apercepção, como também traz alguns conceitos do processo mental racional de Selz e as ideias de Van Parreren sobre o pensamento intencional e o autônomo. Foi percebido também algumas similaridades e diferenças com a teoria do desenvolvimento cognitivo de Piaget. Portanto, nesse artigo, os autores procuraram realizar algumas reflexões sobre as pesquisas defendidas por Balacheff e van Hiele, evidenciando alguns aspectos importantes citados por eles, destacando sucintamente as suas bases epistemológicas e estabelecendo algumas relações entre os níveis de pensamento geométrico e os tipos de prova e as demonstrações matemáticas.
Early Algebra e Base Nacional Comum Curricular: desafio aos professores que ensinam matemática
Authors: Ferreira Weberson Campos , Leal Márcia Rodrigues , Moreira Geraldo Eustáquio
Published: May 2020

Neste artigo buscamos apresentar uma análise da proposta da Base Nacional Comum Curricular quanto a introdução do ensino de Álgebra a partir dos anos iniciais do Ensino Fundamental e dos possíveis desafios que professores que ensinam Matemática nessa etapa de ensino podem enfrentar. Justifica-se a importância da discussão aqui desenvolvida por entendermos que esta proposta se alinha àquilo que a literatura internacional vem nomeando como Early Algebra e que tem influenciado mudanças nos currículos de Matemática de diversos países. Além disso, essa mudança colocará em evidência a importância das formações inicial e continuada do professor que ensina Matemática nessa fase do Ensino Fundamental. A pesquisa de abordagem qualitativa e delineamento exploratório utilizou em seu percurso metodológico a pesquisa documental e bibliográfica. Assim, percebemos com as primeiras análises uma significativa mudança em relação à abordagem da Álgebra na Base Nacional Comum Curricular quando comparada aos Parâmetros Curriculares Nacionais, além de evidenciarmos uma amplitude de medidas necessárias para efetiva implementação dos currículos dos sistemas de ensino na perspectiva da base.
A percepção inicial da Etnomatemática no ensino PROEJA em dois contextos profissionais
Authors: Oliveira Ana Maria Libório de , Viseu Floriano Augusto Veiga
Published: May 2020

Este artigo tem como finalidade apresentar os resultados preliminares da pesquisa em desenvolvimento, na área em Educação Matemática pela Universidade do Minho (Portugal). Faz-se um estudo de caso em dois contextos profissionais, com um viés sobre a Etnomatemática em dois cursos da modalidade de ensino PROEJA: Técnico em Edificações e Técnico em Reciclagem, do Instituto Federal de Brasília. Verificando o uso do conhecimento informal nas profissões de alguns alunos que atuam na construção civil e catadores de materiais recicláveis. O objetivo da investigação é averiguar o efeito de uma intervenção didática que contemple o conhecimento matemático adquirido pelos alunos do PROEJA em atividades profissionais na aprendizagem da matemática. Baseia-se na metodologia qualitativa, por meio de um estudo de caso, obteve-se os dados por observação, questionamentos, registros, relatórios e recursos audiovisuais. Os resultados preliminares identificaram ausência da Etnomatemática na práxis docente e, observou-se na análise dos relatórios dos 12 alunos do curso Técnico em Edificações, que 7 deles trabalham na construção civil, sendo que apenas 4 descreveram o uso da matemática informal nas atividades laboral. Em relação aos resultados do curso Técnico em Reciclagem, fizeram parte da investigação 12 alunos, 6 deles trabalham como catadores de galpão e identificaram o uso da matemática, de forma limitada. Ressalta-se que não houve critério para o número total de alunos de ambos os cursos.
Algumas reflexões sobre a definição de probabilidade
Authors: Pereira André Gustavo Campos , Cortes George Luiz Coelho , Medeiros George Homer Barbosa de , Almeida Fernando Montanaro Paiva de , Almeida Júnior Francisco Erivan de , Nunes Igor Bruno Dantas , Silva Arthur Henrique da , Souza Gleydson Medeiros de
Published: May 2020

Todos os dias nos deparamos com situações em que precisamos fazer escolhas. Algumas escolhas são bem simples como por exemplo, se você deseja ou não tomar um sorvete, se decidir por tomar, se vai querer que seja servido no copo ou numa casquinha, e depois ainda tem que escolher o(s) sabor(es). Em algumas destas escolhas temos preferências e em outras somos indiferentes (temos a mesma preferência para qualquer escolha). Se mesmo em casos simples vemos que a indiferença  não é a regra, porque no estudo de probabilidade o foco é na indiferença (equiprobabilidade)?  Este trabalho constata através da análise de livros, dissertações de mestrado bem como do resultado do teste aplicado com alunos, que o conceito de probabilidade sedimentado é aquele que nos obriga a aceitar a equiprobabilidade como a única forma de ver o mundo e que muito pouco tem sido feito recentemente para mudar esse quadro. Também relatamos que a forma como alguns compêndios tratam o tema pode dificultar o entendimento até mesmo do caso em que a equiprobabilidade é considerada.
Measurements and modeling of airborne plutonium in Subarctic Finland between 1965 and 2011
Authors: Salminen-Paatero Susanna , Vira Julius , Paatero Jussi
Published: May 2020

Abstract. The activity concentrations of 238,239,240Pu and 241Am (for
determining its mother nuclide, 241Pu) as well as activity ratios of
238Pu/239+240Pu, 241Pu/239+240Pu and
239+240Pu/137Cs and the mass ratio of 240Pu∕239Pu were
determined from air filter samples collected in Rovaniemi (Finnish Lapland)
in 1965 to 2011. The origin of plutonium in surface air was assessed based on
these data from long time series. The most important Pu sources in the
surface air of Rovaniemi were atmospheric nuclear-weapon testing in the
1950s and 1960s, later nuclear tests in 1973–1980 and the SNAP-9A
satellite accident in 1964, whereas the influence from the 1986 Chernobyl
accident was only minor. Contrary to the alpha-emitting Pu isotopes,
241Pu from the Fukushima accident in 2011 was detected in Rovaniemi.
Dispersion modeling results with the SILAM (System for Integrated modeLling of Atmospheric composition) model indicate that Pu
contamination in northern Finland due to hypothetical reactor accidents
would be negligible in the case of a floating reactor in the Shtokman
natural gas field and relatively low in the case of an intended nuclear
power plant in western Finland.
Implementation of nitrogen cycle in the CLASSIC land model
Authors: Asaadi Ali , Arora Vivek K.
Published: May 2020

Abstract. A terrestrial nitrogen (N) cycle model is coupled to carbon (C) cycle in the framework of the Canadian Land Surface Scheme Including biogeochemical Cycles (CLASSIC). CLASSIC currently models physical and biogeochemical processes and simulates fluxes of water, energy, and CO2 at the land-atmosphere boundary. Similar to most models, gross primary productivity in CLASSIC increases in response to increasing atmospheric CO2 concentration. In the current model version, a downregulation parameterization emulates the effect of nutrient constraints and scales down potential photosynthesis rates, using a globally constant scalar, as a function of increasing CO2. In the new model when N and C cycles are coupled, cycling of N through the coupled soil-vegetation system facilitates the simulation of leaf N content and maximum carboxylation capacity (Vcmax) prognostically. An increase in atmospheric CO2 decreases leaf N content, and therefore Vcmax, allowing the simulation of photosynthesis downregulation as a function of N supply. All primary N cycle processes, that represent the coupled soil-vegetation system, are modelled explicitly. These include biological N fixation, treatment of externally specified N deposition and fertilization application, uptake of N by plants, transfer of N to litter via litterfall, mineralization, immobilization, nitrification, ammonia volatilization, leaching, and the gaseous fluxes of NO, N2O, and N2. The interactions between terrestrial C and N cycles are evaluated by perturbing the coupled soil-vegetation system in CLASSIC with one forcing at a time over the 1850–2017 historical period. These forcings include the increase in atmospheric CO2, change in climate, increase in N deposition, and increasing crop area and fertilizer input, over the historical period. The model response to these forcings is consistent with conceptual understanding of the coupled C and N cycles. The simulated terrestrial carbon sink over the 1959–2017 period, from the simulation with all forcings, is 2.0 Pg C/yr and compares reasonably well with the quasi observation-based estimate from the 2019 Global Carbon Project (2.1 Pg C/yr). The contribution of increasing CO2, climate change, and N deposition to carbon uptake by land over the historical period (1850–2017) is calculated to be 84 %, 2 %, and 14 %, respectively.
Experimental assessment of the relationship between rainfall intensity and sinkholes caused by damaged sewer pipes
Authors: Kwak Tae-Young , Woo Sang-Inn , Chung Choong-Ki , Kim Joonyoung
Published: May 2020

Abstract. In several countries, the rising occurrence of sinkholes has led to severe social and economic damage. Based on the mechanism of sinkhole development, researchers have investigated the correlation between rainfall intensity and sinkholes caused by damaged sewer pipes. In this study, the effect of rainfall intensity on the formation of eroded zones, as well as the occurrence of sinkholes caused by soil erosion due to groundwater infiltration through pipe defects, has been analyzed through model tests. The ground in Seoul was adopted using weathered granite soil, which is generally used for backfill sewer pipes, and groundwater levels corresponding to three different rainfall intensity conditions were considered. The ground level changes and ground displacements were measured continuously, and the particle image velocimetry (PIV) algorithm was applied to measure the displacement at each position of the model ground. The results indicate that impeding the excessive rise of groundwater levels by securing sufficient sewage treatment facilities can effectively prevent the development of sinkholes caused by pipe defects.
¿Cómo se relacionan los jóvenes con los saberes artísticos dentro y fuera de la escuela?
Authors: González Vida María Reyes , Marcellán Baraze Idoia , Arriaga Amaia
Published: May 2020

En este artículo se presenta el estudio de caso de cómo dos jóvenes ponen en juego una serie de saberes artísticos para producir cultura visual dentro y fuera de la escuela. Este análisis se contrasta y amplía con los resultados extraídos de un cuestionario pasado a 786 jóvenes españoles de 14 a 18 años que indaga sobre su actividad como productores de cultura visual en ambos entornos. Entre las conclusiones destaca el hecho de que los saberes no puramente escolares tienen gran importancia en las producciones visuales de los jóvenes y se subraya el valor formativo de los espacios no escolares para estos jóvenes.

 

Revisión

Vanessa Freitag
Microbiological Quality of Drinking Water in Sachets Sold in the City of Yaoundé in Cameroon: Tests of Sensitivity to the Antibiotics of Bacteria Isolated
Authors: Gilbert Nguepidjo , Mireille Kapso Tchouankep , Innocent Ngong Ankiambom , Chimène Sandrine Tonmeu Douyong , Patrice Enoka , Delphine Ciakam Kamlock , Roland Mbelleck , Ingrid Djoukoué , Joseph Ndzana , Michel Toukam , Hortence Gonsu Kamga
Published: May 2020

Water is the basic drink for human beings and drinking water in sachets is very popular because of its relatively low cost and availability. The aim of this study is to determine the bacteriological profile of sachet drinking water sold in the city of Yaounde. It was a descriptive cross-sectional study covering the period from March to June 2019, carried out in the application laboratory of ETMS-Yaounde. A total of 230 samples of drinking water in sachets purchased in different markets in the city of Yaounde were analyzed using Mac Conkey's flooding method. The identification was done on the API 20 E Gallery and the susceptibility test on Mueller Hinton media. The size of the sample was 230 packaged sachet drinking water and 213 of the 230 revealed 92% of positive culture of germs, and only 17 samples gave a negative culture, at a percentage of 8% of isolated germs. The isolated bacterial species and their respective abundances in samples were Enterobacter gergoviae (3%), Klebsiella pneumoniae (5%), Proteus mirabilis (5%), Serratia fonticola (5%), Salmonella choler arizonae cloacae (8%), Salmonella spp. (8%), Enterobacter cloacae (10%), Staphylococcus aureus (10%), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (18%) and Staphylococcus epidermidis (28%). All these tested germs were resistant to Amoxicillin and Erythromycin and 70% of tested germs were sensitive to Gentamycin. Overall, the results revealed poor microbiological quality of these waters. This exposes consumers to health risks, and it is important to inform and sensitize consumers about the risks involved, to educate producers and to control their activities by the health services.
Evaluating Fatigue, Stress, Workload and Situation Awareness Among Electrical Substation Construction Workers
Authors: Bayounis Ahmed Ali , Basahel Abdulrahman
Published: May 2020

Many accidents occur due to various factors when undertaking construction projects. One of the most important achievements when undertaking a construction project is to accomplish the project without major accidents. This paper studies the effect of stress, fatigue and workload on construction contract worker in term of their safety performance results using the Situation Awareness Rating Technique (SART), with reference to how it relates to the root causes of accidents. Investigating the factors associated with accidents helps to identify and minimize the associated mistakes or causes and reduce or avoid accidents and improve safety performance in construction projects. Data were collected using a SART survey of employee of 18 contractors working on construction of electrical substations in the western area of Saudi Arabia. It was found that most accidents occurred at the worker level because of their lack of awareness and training. It is apparent that SART affects the safety performance of contractors and it varies with the position, age and experience of workers. To implement a safe working environment free of accidents, it is necessary to improve all job levels according to their insufficient area and activate a full safety management system with periodic reviews to improve it and make it more effective.
Effect of Cropping System and Nitrogen on Maize and Soy Bean Yields in Western Kenya
Authors: Mongare P. O. , Okalebo J. R. , Othieno C. O. , Ochuodho J. O. , Njoroge R. , Otinga A. N.
Published: May 2020

Inherent low soil fertility in the highly weathered and degraded soils largely accounts for low and unsustainable crop yields in most African countries (Okalebo et al., 2006; Sanchez et. al., 1997). Productivity of maize and soybeans in Kenya, particularly in the western region is generally low. The high costs of inorganic fertilizers and the possibility of decreasing soil productivity in due to soil mining and environmental pollution demands a reassement of their use, vis-a-vis, other alternative technologies. The objective of this study was to assess the effect of selected cropping systems, N fertilizer and manure on maize and soy bean crop yields in western Kenya (Bungoma, Vihiga, and Teso). The experiment was a split plot design arranged and laid down in a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications. Cropping systems (mono cropping, MBILI and conventional) were the main factor while fertility interventions (FYM and CAN) were the treatments. The cropping systems consisted of conventional (Maize and soy beans were planted as intercrop in 37.5 cm alternating rows), MBILI (Managing Beneficial Interactions in Legume Intercrops), maize and soybean monocrop. Five fertilizer treatments were used: calcium ammonium nitrate and farm yard manure, both applied at the rate of 30 kg N ha-1 and 75 kg N ha-1, respectively, and absolute control that had no added treatment. Field experiments were planted during two cropping seasons of short rains season (August to December 2011) and one long rains season (April to August 2012) Generally, maize yields were found to be significantly higher in both the mono cropping system (mean yield: 2.00 t/ha) and MBILI system (mean yield: 1.77 t/ha) compared to conventional farming (mean yield: 1.27 t/ha). Soybean yields were found, overall, to be significantly higher in the mono cropping system (mean: 1.00t/ha) compared to both MBILI (mean: 0.75 t ha-1) and conventional system (mean: 0.59 t ha-1). For both maize and soy bean grain, application of CAN75N and planting with FYM75N were found to significantly increase yields, compared to either top dressing with CAN30N or planting with FYM30N. CAN generally produced higher yields with monocrop system whereas MBILI system did better when FYM is used, suggesting that an optimal system could consist of MBILI with organic fertilizers. The mean Land Equivalent Ratio (LER) values were always greater than 1.0 for intercropping and I.0 for mono cropping system. Manure was found to produce similar yields as those in fertilizer applications. This study recommends MBILI system and organic manure as a beneficial way of growing maize and soy beans
Denzin’s Paradigm Shift: Revisiting Triangulation in Qualitative Research
Authors: Fusch Patricia , Fusch Gene E , Ness Lawrence R.
Published: May 2020

One approach to promote social change, mitigate bias, and enhance reaching data saturation is through triangulation: multiple sources of data. Triangulation adds depth to the data that are collected. In this scholarly essay, the authors discuss the continuing relevance of Denzin’s approach to triangulation of data. Included is a critique of researchers who have posited other approaches to triangulation that appear to be merely a renaming of Denzin’s original paradigm rather new outcomes. The intended audience is novice researchers and doctoral students who can benefit from clarity on some common misconceptions about triangulation.
Bariatric tourists. Foreign bariatric patients treated in Poland – a survey based study.
Authors: Kowalewski Piotr , Janik Michał , Kwiatkowski Andrzej , Paśnik Krzysztof , Walędziak Maciej
Published: May 2020

Introduction: Bariatric procedures are becoming more popular worldwide. We present current situation of foreign patients treated by high-volume bariatric surgeons in Poland in 2016.
Material and Methods: We sent an online survey to twenty high-volume bariatric surgeons. The questionnaire regarded 2016. We asked for number and types of bariatric procedures performed or supervised, number of foreign bariatric patients, their qualification process, country of origin, types of procedure, and post-op recommendations.
Results: We received 9 surveys (45%). Five surgeons performed or supervised from 100 to 300 bariatric procedures, 2 performed or supervised over 300 procedures, 2 performed or supervised from 50 to 100 procedures. All of the respondents performed laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy (LSG) and laparoscopic gastric bypass (LRYGB), four carried out mini gastric bypass, two – gastric banding (LAGB), one – SADI-S and duodenal switch (DS). Six surgeons operated on the total of 64 foreign patients, mainly performing LSG, LRYGB and mini gastric bypass. Most of the patients were qualified based on international criteria (BMI over 40 kg/m2 or BMI over 35 kg/m2 with comorbidities). United Kingdom was the most popular country of origin, followed by Germany, USA, Ireland and Sweden. Qualification for surgery was based on personal visit. After surgery 83.3% (n=5) of the respondents gave out discharge documents in English, recommending long term bariatric follow-up in the country of origin. Every respondent maintained 3-month personal follow-up of every foreign patient.
Conclusions: Foreign bariatric patients travelling to Poland are qualified for surgery according to known international standards. Most of the patients receive post-op discharge documents in English, with a 3-month follow-up performed by their surgeon. Further bariatric supervision in the country of origin is routinely recommended.
FILOSOFIA JURÍDICA: CONSIDERAÇÕES SOBRE A COEXISTÊNCIA DO DIREITO NATURAL E O DIREITO POSITIVO
Authors: Souto Fabiana Vergílio
Published: May 2020

Juspositivists contest the existence, legitimacy and validity of Natural Law for estimating it as an ideal value of justice to be achieved.Thisstudy aims at demonstrating the coexistence of Natural Law and Positive Law, despite the antagonism of the philosophical theories of which are objects, namely, Natural Law and juspositivism, which, although surpassed, still support the interpretation and application of norms.Through bibliographic research, it was observed that in contemporary legal practice, in addition to the written norm, valuative conjectures are sought, of a principiological, ethical, moral nature, so as not to reduce the Law to the established norms, which would be an exclusive action juspositivist, nor to limit the Law to axiological contents, operating in an eminently jusnaturalist way, as this is not limited to values, nor to positive norms. Be positive -Positive, legally valid -Be presupposed -Natural, due to human nature itself -Law is the result of a cultural and ideological construction, a mixture of theories that coexist and guide nomogenesis and subsumption.It is concluded that Positive Law does not exclude Natural Law, as it is covered by it, either in the elaboration of the norm, or in its application.
Bioactive Molecules from Indian Medicinal Plants as Possible Candidates for the Management of Neurodegenerative Disorders
Authors: Ranjan Lal Uma , Lal Snigdha
Published: May 2020

The present review gives an account of various bioactive molecules obtained from Indian medicinal plants for neurological degenerative disorders. Emphasis is laid on their correlation with the plants used in traditional system of medicine in India. The methodology involved in present review was enlisting of medicinal plants used for neurodegenerative disorders followed by their chemistry. A correlation with the chemical constituents and their recent findings has been done. Many medicinal plants such as Aloe vera and Bacopa monnieri have documented correlations and also need to be explored more. Molecules like garcinol (34), which was originally an anticancer compound, have good correlation as neuroprotective agent. Likewise many plants that have not been explored but are used in traditional system of medicine have also been listed. Jaggery and honey, which are used in traditional formulations in large quantity, also have natural products that are used as neuroprotective agents. In conclusion, a lot more study is required to correlate the medicinal plants and herbal formulations to have much more natural products for neurodegenerative disorders.
Including Smallholders with Vertical Coordination
Authors: Bitsch Linda , Atoyan Silva , Richter Barbara , Hanf Jon , Gagalyuk Taras
Published: May 2020

The current chapter demonstrates an application of the theoretical framework of vertical coordination, more specifically the application of contracting in productive partnerships, to integrate smallholders into the value chain of a specialised crop. The aim of the chapter is to derive implications for industry participants on how to integrate smallholders with vertical coordination. Therefore, we take a closer look on vertical coordination and contracting in productive partnerships. We have taken the value chain of brandy production in Armenia and used the Yerevan Brandy Company (YBC) to perform our case study, with which we can analyse vertical coordination mechanisms used by the company. Further, we want to identify factors that drive processors and smallholders to enter into contracts. Qualitative interviews were conducted with the YBC, their grape suppliers, as well as experts from related fields. We analysed the data with a qualitative content approach. Results show that the YBC uses different measures of vertical coordination, i.e., contracts and farm assistance in the form of consultancy and input supply. The company tends to use production contracts rather than pure marketing contracts, as it is actively engaged in the production process. The use of contract farming is beneficial for both the processing company and the smallholders.
Jazykové potřeby zahraničních lékařů pracujících v českých nemocnicích
Authors: Cvejnová Jitka
Published: May 2020

Vedle zahraničních lékařů, kteří vystudovali v ČR lékařské obory, působí nyní v České republice zahraniční lékaři, kteří zde nestudovali především ze zemí bývalého Sovětského svazu. Tito lékaři musí jednak zvládnout lékařskou praxi v nemocnicích, jednak náročné aprobační zkoušky České lékařské komory. Nezbytnou součástí jejich pracovního úspěchu je ovládnutí poměrně rozsáhlé škály řečových dovedností v češtině. Cílem příspěvku je analyzovat jazykové potřeby těchto lékařů v jednotlivých řečových dovednostech pomocí deskriptorů a představit jednotlivé deskriptory tak, aby je bylo možné využít pro tvorbu tzv. modelových scénářů pro výuku lékařů, a to i s ohledem na skutečnost, že se v poslední době výuka podle modelových scénářů prosazuje jako jedna ze základních metod výuky jazyka v pracovní oblasti.
Rozvíjanie relevantnej lexikálnej kompetencie u študentov medicíny na hodinách slovenčiny
Authors: Haláková Milota , Kšiňanová Marína
Published: May 2020

V príspevku vychádzame zo skúseností výučby slovenčiny na Lekárskej fakulte UK v Bratislave. Výučba slovenčiny je v tom to prostredí vnímaná predovšetkým ako prostriedok odbornej komunikácie pri štúdiu medicíny. Metódy rozvíjania relevantnej lexiky budeme prezentovať prostredníctvom učebných materiálov z pripravovaných konverzačných učebníc: Slovenčina ako liek a Slovenčina ako diagnóza. Cieľom príspevku je ukázať praktické možnosti nadobúdania odborných lexikálnych kompetencií. Na slovo nepozeráme ako na samostatnú lexikálnu jednotku, slovo prezentujeme v kontexte a v danej situácii, kde nadobúda svoj špecifický význam. Naším zámerom je odhaliť možnosti porozumenia významu slov na základe kontextu, ukázať možnosti využitia slovotvornej motivácie, slovných asociácií a väzieb, zamerať sa na vizuálnu pamäť študentov, prezentovať možnosti situačného a komunikatívneho spôsobu učenia lexiky.
Untangling the immune basis of disease susceptibility
Authors: Ribeiro Ruy M , Graca Luis
Published: May 2020

Interactions between immune cell receptors and proteins that determine disease susceptibility shed light on how different arms of the immune system are involved in three viral infections and Crohn's disease.
fRNAkenseq: a fully powered-by-CyVerse cloud integrated RNA-sequencing analysis tool
Authors: Hubbard Allen , Bomhoff Matthew , Schmidt Carl J.
Published: May 2020

Background

Decreasing costs make RNA sequencing technologies increasingly affordable for biologists. However, many researchers who can now afford sequencing lack access to resources necessary for downstream analysis. This means that even as algorithms to process RNA-Seq data improve, many biologists still struggle to manage the sheer volume of data produced by next generation sequencing (NGS) technologies. Scalable bioinformatics tools that exploit multiple platforms are needed to democratize bioinformatics resources in the sequencing era. This is essential for equipping many research groups in the life sciences with the tools to process the increasingly unwieldy datasets they produce.

Methods

One strategy to address this challenge is to develop a modern generation of sequence analysis tools capable of seamless data sharing and communication. Such tools will provide interoperability through offerings of interlinked resources. Systems of interlinked, scalable resources, which often incorporate cloud data storage, are broadly referred to as cyberinfrastructure. Cyberinfrastructure integrated tools will help researchers to robustly analyze large scale datasets by efficiently sharing data burdens across a distributed architecture. Additionally, interoperability will allow emerging tools to cross-adapt features of existing tools. It is important that these tools are designed to be easy to use for biologists.

Results

We introduce fRNAkenseq, a powered-by-CyVerse RNA sequencing analysis tool that exhibits interoperability with other resources and meets the needs of biologists for comprehensive, easy to use RNA sequencing analysis. fRNAkenseq leverages a complex set of Application Programming Interfaces (APIs) associated with the NSF-funded cyberinfrastructure project, CyVerse, to execute FASTQ-to-differential expression RNA-Seq analyses. Integrating across bioinformatics platforms, fRNAkenseq also exploits cloud integration and cross-talk with another CyVerse associated tool, CoGe. fRNAkenseq offers novel features for the biologist such as more robust and comprehensive pipelines for enrichment than those currently available by default in a single tool, whether they are cloud-based or local installation. Importantly, cross-talk with CoGe allows fRNAkenseq users to execute RNA-Seq pipelines on an inventory of 47,000 archived genomes stored in CoGe or upload their own draft genome.
Full-length transcriptome and targeted metabolome analyses provide insights into defense mechanisms of Malus sieversii against Agrilus mali
Authors: Mei Chuang , Yang Jie , Yan Peng , Li Ning , Ma Kai , Mamat Aisajan , Han Liqun , Dong Qinglong , Mao Ke , Ma Fengwang , Wang Jixun
Published: May 2020

Malus sieversii is the wild progenitor for many cultivars of domesticated apple and an important germplasm resource for breeding. However, this valuable species faces a significant threat in the areas north of the Tianshan Mountains in China, by the invasion of Agrilus mali, a destructive pest of apple trees belonging to the family Buprestidae. Our preliminary study has has shown that there may be resistance to this insect in M. sieversii plants in the field, but the corresponding molecular mechanisms remain unclear. In this study, we compared the response of insect-resistant and insect-susceptible plants of M. sieversii to insect feeding using full-length transcriptome and targeted metabolome. 112,103 non-chimeric full-length reads (FLNC) totaling 10.52 Gb of data were generating with Pacific Biosciences SingleMolecule, Real-Time (PacBio SMRT) sequencing. A total of 130.06 Gb data of long reads were acquired with an Illumina HiSeq. Function annotation indicated that the different expressed genes (DEGs) were mainly involved in signal transduction pathway of plant hormones and in the synthesis of compounds such as terpenes, quinones, flavonoids, and jasmonic acid. Through targeted metabolome analysis resistant strains showed higher levels of trans-cinnamic acid, caffeine and ferulic acid after pest infestation. This study helps to decipher the transcriptional changes and related signaling paths in M. sieversii after an insect feeding, which lays a foundation for further research on molecular mechanisms of insect resistance in apples.
Identification of two functional xyloglucan galactosyltransferase homologs BrMUR3 and BoMUR3 in brassicaceous vegetables
Authors: Wang Meng , Xu Zongchang , Guo Shuaiqiang , Zhou Gongke , ONeill Malcolm , Kong Yingzhen
Published: May 2020

Xyloglucan (XyG) is the predominant hemicellulose in the primary cell walls of most dicotyledonous plants. Current models of these walls predict that XyG interacts with cellulose microfibrils to provide the wall with the rigidity and strength necessary to maintain cell integrity. Remodeling of this network is required to allow cell elongation and plant growth. In this study, homologs of Arabidopsis thaliana MURUS3 (MUR3), which encodes a XyG-specific galactosyltransferase, were obtained from Brassica rapa (BrMUR3) to Brassica oleracea (BoMUR3). Genetic complementation showed that BrMUR3 and BoMUR3 rescue the phenotypic defects of the mur3-3 mutant. Xyloglucan subunit composition analysis provided evidence that BrMUR3 and BoMUR3 encode a galactosyltransferase, which transfers a galactose residue onto XyG chains. The detection of XXFG and XLFG XyG subunits (restoration of fucosylated side chains) in mur3-3 mutants overexpressing BrMUR3 or BoMUR3 show that MUR3 from Brassica to Arabidopsis are comparable as they add Gal to the third xylosyl residue of the XXXG subunit. Our results provide additional information for functional dissection and evolutionary analysis of MUR3 genes derived from brassicaceous species.
Drivers of beta diversity in modern and ancient reef-associated soft-bottom environments
Authors: Roden Vanessa Julie , Zuschin Martin , Nützel Alexander , Hausmann Imelda M. , Kiessling Wolfgang
Published: May 2020

Beta diversity, the compositional variation among communities, is often associated with environmental gradients. Other drivers of beta diversity include stochastic processes, priority effects, predation, or competitive exclusion. Temporal turnover may also explain differences in faunal composition between fossil assemblages. To assess the drivers of beta diversity in reef-associated soft-bottom environments, we investigate community patterns in a Middle to Late Triassic reef basin assemblage from the Cassian Formation in the Dolomites, Northern Italy, and compare results with a Recent reef basin assemblage from the Northern Bay of Safaga, Red Sea, Egypt. We evaluate beta diversity with regard to age, water depth, and spatial distance, and compare the results with a null model to evaluate the stochasticity of these differences. Using pairwise proportional dissimilarity, we find very high beta diversity for the Cassian Formation (0.91 ± 0.02) and slightly lower beta diversity for the Bay of Safaga (0.89 ± 0.04). Null models show that stochasticity only plays a minor role in determining faunal differences. Spatial distance is also irrelevant. Contrary to expectations, there is no tendency of beta diversity to decrease with water depth. Although water depth has frequently been found to be a key factor in determining beta diversity, we find that it is not the major driver in these reef-associated soft-bottom environments. We postulate that priority effects and the biotic structuring of the sediment may be key determinants of beta diversity.
Growth, production and water consumption of coriander grown under different recirculation intervals and nutrient solution depths in hydroponic channels *
Authors: Silva Mairton Gomes da , Soares Tales Miler , Gheyi Hans Raj , Costa Islan Passos , Vasconcelos Rafael Souza
Published: May 2020

Water is an increasingly scarce resource in arid and semiarid regions. The irregular precipitation makes hydroponics a recommended technique for these regions, since it demands less water compared to conventional cropping systems. Two experiments, one from May to June 2016 (autumn) and other from March to April 2017 (summer-autumn), were conducted in a hydroponic system in PVC tubes, using the Deep Flow Technique (DFT). A 2 x 3 x 2 factorial arrangement in split-plot was used, which consisted of two nutrient solution depths (0.02 and 0.03 m) and three recirculation intervals of the nutrient solution (0.25, 12 and 24 h), with two coriander cultivars (‘Tabocas’ and ‘Verdão’) in the sub-plots, which were cultivated in the same hydroponic channel. Plant height, shoot fresh and dry matters, water consumption, water use efficiency and visual quality of the coriander plants were evaluated. The coriander cv. ‘Verdão’ was more tolerant to climatic variations, especially when plants were grown in channels with nutrient solution depth of 0.02 m and recirculation interval of 0.25 h, presenting higher growth and production. The recirculation intervals of 12 and 24 h had a negative effect on the variables evaluated; though, this effect was more significant in the summer-autumn experiment, affecting the quality of the plants harvested, especially those of the cv. ‘Tabocas’. It may be concluded that the cultivation of the coriander in the DFT system in PVC tubes is viable, especially in sites with insecure electricity supply.

* Paper extracted from the doctoral thesis of the first author presented in the Post Graduate Program in Agricultural Engineering of the Federal University of Recôncavo of Bahia, Brazil
Resistance sources to root-knot nematode Meloidogyne enterolobii in Solanum species
Authors: Pinheiro Jadir Borges , Silva Giovani Olegario da , Jesus Jhenef Gomes de , Biscaia Danielle , Melo Raphael Augusto de Castro e
Published: May 2020

The objective of this work was to prospect sources of resistance to root-knot nematode Meloidogyne enterolobii in Solanum species with potential to be used as rootstocks for cultivated Solanaceae. Nine accessions of Solanum sessiliflorum, 27 accessions of S. lycocarpum, 21 accessions of S. acanthodes, 22 accessions of S. scinericum and 26 accessions of S. scuticum for resistance to M. enterolobii. Rutgers and Nemadoro tomatoes were used as susceptible and resistant controls, respectively. The experiment was conducted in a greenhouse at Embrapa Vegetables, Brasília-DF, Brazil, in a completely randomized design with six replications. The experimental unit was a represented by a single plant grown in a plastic pot containing 3 L of substrate. 4000 eggs and eventual juveniles of second stage M. enterolobii were inoculated per pot. At 119 days after inoculation, gall index (Gi), egg mass index (EMI), number of eggs per root gram (NE) and reproduction factor (Fr) were evaluated. Data were subjected to analysis of variance and grouping of treatments by Scott-Knott. It was verified that S. acanthodes and S. Lycocarpum are species with high resistance to M. enterolobii, with accessions being classified identified as immune. S. scuticum also has great potential, as several resistant accessions were identified, although some accessions were quite susceptible; whereas for S. subinerme only 4 resistant accessions were identified, although all others presented a reproduction factor much lower than tomato cv. Nemadoro as control; and all evaluated S. sessiliflorum accessions were susceptible.
Productive behavior of strawberry from potted seedlings produced with application of prohexadione calcium in soilless cultivation
Authors: Becker Tais Barbosa , Schiavon Andressa Vighi , Delazeri Eloi Evandro , Barreto Caroline Farias , Antunes Luis Eduardo Correa
Published: May 2020

Use of national strawberry seedlings, produced in a system without soil, is an alternative to reduce the dependence of producers on using imported seedlings. The objective of this work was to evaluate the effect of applying different concentrations of prohexadione calcium (ProCa) in the growth control of strawberry seedlings and the productive behavior after planting these seedlings. The experiment was carried out in a greenhouse, with a 4 x 2 factorial scheme, four concentrations of prohexadione calcium (0, 150, 300 and 600 mg L-1) and two cultivars (Aromas and Camarosa). In the seedling phase, a completely randomized design was used, with 4 replications, with the experimental unit consisting of 12 seedlings. In the post-planting phase, a completely randomized design was used, with 5 replications and the experimental unit consisted of 4 plants. In the seedlings, the following were evaluated: number of leaves, crown diameter, petiole length, leaf area, chlorophyll content and dry matter of the aerial part. The parameters evaluated in the strawberry plants were: full bloom and fruiting, number of fruits per plant, average fruit weight, total fruit weight, length and diameter of fruit, dry weight of leaves and crowns. The application of 150, 300 and 600 mg L-1 of ProCa decreased the leaf area and petiole length for both cultivars, thus reduced the vegetative growth of the seedlings. On the other hand the chlorophyll a, b and total contents were increased in relation to the absence of ProCa for the two cultivars evaluated. The ProCa concentrations did not influence the number of fruits and the fruit mass per plant, and the results were related to the cultivar factor, where the cv Camarosa had the higher values.
Do you believe what you have been told? Morality and scientific literacy as predictors of pseudoscience susceptibility
Authors: Piejka Aleksandra , Okruszek Łukasz
Published: May 2020

The aim of the current study was to examine the antecedents of susceptibility to pseudoscientific information. Participants were asked to assess their perceived probability of and familiarity with statements containing popular science misconceptions and pseudoscientific claims, which were fabricated for the study. Measures of scientific literacy, moral inclinations, need for closure, and a set of additional variables were collected. Analysis of the results showed that susceptibility to known pseudoscientific theories predicted falling for novel unwarranted claims. Scientific literacy strongly predicted lower pseudoscience susceptibility of all types. Finally, participants' moral inclinations were found to be a strong predictor of different types of pseudoscientific statements.