bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Pengaruh Cash Holding, Operating Expense Operating Revenue, Return On Assets, dan Firm Size Terhadap Tindakan Income Smoothing Pada Sektor Keuangan Yang Terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia
Authors: Safitri Heni
Published: August 2022

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui Pengaruh Cash Holding, Operating Expense Operating Revenue, Return on Assets, dan Firm Size Terhadap Tindakan Income Smoothing Pada Sektor Keuangan Yang Terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia. Teknik pengambilan sampel yang digunakan adalah dengan metode Purposive Sampling. Berdasarkan kriteria yang telah ditentukan maka diperoleh sampel sebanyak 65 perusahaan. Teknik analisis yang digunakan adalah Uji asumsi klasik, Analisis regresi linier berganda, Koefisien korelasi berganda (R), Koefisien determinasi (R2), Uji simultan (Uji F), dan Uji parsial (Uji t).Berdasarkan hasil analisis Dari hasil uji asumsi klasik data berdistibusi normal dan berbentuk linier, bebas dari masalah multikolinieritas, autokorelasi, dan heteroskedastisitas.  Hasil koefisien korelasi diperoleh sebesar 0,319, hal ini berarti bahwa Cash Holding, Operating Expense Operating Revenue, Return on Assets, dan Firm Size terhadap tindakan Income Smoothing memiliki hubungan yang rendah. Hasil koefisien determinasi diperoleh sebesar 0,102, hal ini berarti bahwa 10,2% pengaruh terhadap tindakan Income Smoothing dipengaruhi oleh Cash Holding, Operating Expense Operating Revenue, Return on Assets, dan Firm Size sedangkan sisanya sebesar 89,8% tindakan Income Smoothing dipengaruhi oleh variabel-variabel lain yang tidak diteliti dalam penelitian ini. Untuk uji F menunjukkan bahwa variabel Cash Holding, Operating Expense Operating Revenue, Return on Assets dan Firm Size secara bersama-sama tidak berpengaruh signifikan terhadap tindakan Income Smoothing yang dibuktikan dengan nilai sig sebesar 0,163 > 0,05. Hasil uji t menunjukkan bahwa Operating Expense Operating Revenue memiliki pengaruh signifikan terhadap tindakan Income Smoothing. Sedangkan Cash Holding, Return on Assets, dan Firm Size tidak memiliki pengaruh signifikan terhadap tindakan Income smoothing.
SINERGITAS ORGANISASI PENGELOLA ZAKAT DAN WAKAF DALAM PEMBANGUNAN EKONOMI DI INDONESIA
Authors: Rachman Abdul , Makkarateng Ma'adul Yaqien
Published: August 2022

Tulisan ini mengangkat persoalan sinergitas lembaga pengelola zakat dan wakaf di Indonesia. Sinergitas ini diperlukan untuk mengurai ketidakefektifan pengelolaan dana zakat dan wakaf di Indonesia padahal potensi dana zakat sangat besar. Banyaknya lembaga pengelola zakat dan wakaf baik dari pemerintah maupun swasta memberikan dampak positif bagi manajemen zakat dan wakaf. Namun di sisi lain, banyak juga problematika yang muncul sehingga potensi zakat dan wakaf yang besar tidak terserap dengan baik. Beberapa permasalahan yang terjadi adalah pertama adanya egoisme kelembagaan dari setiap lembaga pengelola zakat yang ada di Indonesia baik Badan Amil Zakat, Lembaga Amil Zakat, dan Amil Zakat Tradisional dan Badan Wakaf Indonesia. Kedua lemahnya koordinasi dan komunikasi antara organisasi pengelola zakat membuat sistem data informasi menjadi lemah sehingga penentuan target zakat tidak dapat terpenuhi dengan baik. Ketiga antara pengelola zakat dan wakaf memiliki kecenderungan untuk saling bersaing dalam program-program pemberdayaan sehingga memunculkan ketidakseimbangan dalam informasi dan tingkat kepercayaan pada kalangan masyarakat. Keempat peran pemerintah menjadi mediator dan koordinator beberapa lembaga pengelola zakat dan wakaf dirasa kurang efektif karena tidak memiliki hak untuk regulator, koordinator, dan pengawas dalam pengelolaan dana ZISWAFdi Indonesia. Penelitian ini menggunakan metodologi deskriptif analitis yaitu dengan cara mengumpulkan data kemudian memaparkan apa adanya dan disusun serta dituangkan dalam bentuk narasi dan dianalisis. Hasil penelitian ini memberikan kesimpulan bahwa diperlukan upaya untuk mengatasi ketidakefektifan tersebut adalah dengan mensinergikan semua lembaga pengelola zakat dan wakaf dalam satu lembaga, yaitu dengan membentuk Kementerian Zakat dan Wakaf sebagai regulator, otoritator, koordinator, pengawas, dan pengelola dana ZISWAF di Indonesia.
LEGITIMASI AKAD DALAM TRANSAKSI EKONOMI ISLAM
Authors: Kamaruddin Muhammad Azwar , Sari Muspita , Riadi Jumasriadi
Published: August 2022

Peran akad dalam sebuah transaksi untuk melegalkan hubungan antara pembuat akad. Akad menentukan arah transaksi yang akan dilakukan, sah atau tidaknya sebuah transaksi begitupula sebuah transaksi yang mengandung hal yang diharamkan oleh syara` juga dapat dideteksi melalui akadnya. sehingga legitimasi yang dikandung dalam akad sangat urgen untuk dijelaskan. Tulisan ini menggunakan metode penelitian  kualitatif yang dikumpulkan dari sumber-sumber yang valid. Data primernya dikumpulkan dari sumber-sumber yang otentik yang dijadikan sebagai rujukan dalam fiqih Islam, sedangkan data sekundernya dikumpulkan dari penelitian-penelitian yang telah diterbitkan oleh jurnal. Tujuan dari tulisan ini adalah untuk memberikan gambaran mengenai road map transaksi yang seharusnya ditempuh, dan membuat Pelaku akad tunduk pada karakteristik akad, sebagai legitimasi yang direkomendasikan oleh akad. Banyak kejadian dalam tataran fakta akad yang dilakukan berbeda dengan karakteristik akad, seperti: sewa menyewa rumah, kadang-kadang pemilik rumah mengusir penyewa tanpa persetujuan penyewa. Hasil dari peneltian ini, bahwa akad yang terjadi baik akad langsung (offline), tidak langsung (online) atau semi online, memiliki jenis dan skop tersendiri. Karakteristi yang ada dalam akad seharusnya menjadi acuan dalam menyelesaikan akad, sehingga legitimasi yang diberikan oleh akad dan syara` dapat dijalankan.
SINERGITAS PEMBERDAYAAN ZAKAT DENGAN UPAYA PEMBERANTASAN KORUPSI
Authors: Makkarateng Ma'adul Yaqien , Mayyadah Mayyadah
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe aim of this article is to explain the empowerment of zakat which can provide benefits. One of the benefits that can be obtained from the empowerment of zakat is putting the corruption to an end. Moreover, the practice of corruption is still very common in Indonesia, both by official government and the private sector. This study uses an empirical normative approach that departs from zakat theories from classical - contemporary references and then relates them to the phenomenon of corruption that develops in society. From this study, it is concluded that the synergy of zakat empowerment with efforts to eradicate corruption is contained in the ethical moral values of zakat which is contrary to corrupt behavior. Zakat, which is based on the value of worship, is aware that the true nature of the wealth is temporary, so it can restrains the excessively of treasuring up behavior. AbstrakArtikel ini bertujuan untuk menjelaskan tentang pemberdayaan zakat sehingga mampu memberikan manfaat. Adapun salah satu manfaat yang dapat diperoleh dari pemberdayaan zakat adalah pemberantasan korupsi. Terlebih, praktek korupsi masih sangat marak ditemukan baik oleh pejabat pemerintah maupun swasta. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan normatif empiris yang berangkat dari teori-teori zakat dari referensi klasik dan kontemporer kemudian mengaitkannya dengan fenomena korupsi yang berkembang di masyarakat. Dari penelitian ini disimpulkan bahwa sinergitas pemberdayaan zakat dengan upaya pemberantasan korupsi terdapat pada nilai-nilai moral etis yang dikandung dalam perintah berzakat yang bertentangan dengan perilaku koruptif. Zakat yang dilandasi dengan nilai ibadah, sadar bahwasanya hanya hanya bersifat sementara, sehingga senantiasa meredam sifat kecintaan terhadap harta yang terlalu belebihan.
Precarious Manhood Beliefs are Positively Associated With Erectile Dysfunction in Cisgender Men
Authors: Walther Andreas , Eggenberger Lukas
Published: August 2022

Background: The notion that manhood status is hard to earn, easy to lose and needs to be proven via public action is termed Precarious Manhood Beliefs (PMB). Since PMB is a new concept, it is entirely unclear whether and how PMB relate to erectile dysfunction (ED) in cisgender men. The ability to achieve an erection is often still considered a cornerstone of masculinity, which is why sexual performance can be a proof of one’s masculinity. ED, on the other hand, can be understood as sexual failure and a threat to a man’s masculinity and sense of adequacy.Methods: In an anonymous online survey focusing on men’s mental health conducted in German-speaking countries of Europe, 507 cisgender men (Mage = 44.2, SDage = 15.2) completed measures on PMB, sexual function, self-stigma, social desirability, and conformity to traditional masculinity ideology (TMI). Applying multilinear regression analysis, stepwise introduction of relevant covariates was used to elucidate potential associations between PMB and ED.Results: Of the 507 men, 63.1% reported an increased risk for ED based on previously established cutoff points. Strong PMB predicted reduced sexual and erectile function in all models, even when relevant control variables such as age, education, self-stigma, social desirability, or conformity to TMI were introduced. Group comparisons revealed that men suffering from ED show stronger PMB but not elevated levels of self-stigma nor TMI than men without ED.Conclusion: PMB are significantly associated with ED, suggesting that stronger PMB may lead to increased tension to perform sexually resulting in increased psychological pressure and a higher risk to develop ED. However, whether PMB are more cause than effect of ED needs further investigation.
The super-recogniser advantage extends to the detection of hyper-realistic face masks
Authors: Robertson David J , Davis Josh P , Sanders Jet , Towler Alice
Published: August 2022

Hyper-realistic silicone masks provide a viable route to identity fraud. Over the last decade, more than 40 known criminal acts have been committed by perpetrators using this type of disguise. With the increasing availability and bespoke sophistication of these masks, research must now focus on ways to enhance their detection. In this study, we investigate whether super-recognisers (SRs), people who excel at identity recognition, are more likely to detect this type of fraud, in comparison to typical-recogniser controls. Across three tasks, we examined mask detection rates in the absence of a pre-task prompt (covert task), and again after making participants aware of their use in criminal settings (explicit task). Finally, participants were asked to indicate which aspects of the masks could support their detection (regions of interest task). The findings show an SR advantage for the detection of hyper-realistic masks across the covert and explicit mask detection tasks. In addition, the eye, mouth, and nose regions appear to be particularly indicative of the presence of a mask. The lack of natural skin texture, proportional features, expressiveness, and asymmetry are also salient cues. The theoretical and applied implications of these findings are discussed.
DHEM: Ohmic Contact and High-Mobility Channel Engineering and Characterization for ICs
Authors: Joshi Abhijeet , Basol Bulent M.
Published: August 2022

Differential Hall effect metrology (DHEM) provides depth profiles of all critical electrical parameters through semiconductor layers at nanometer-level depth resolution. This article describes the relatively new method and shows how it is used to measure mobility and carrier concentration profiles in different materials and structures.
Advances in Cathodoluminescence: Recent Steps Toward Semiconductor Fabs and FA Labs
Authors: Monachon Christian , Davies Matthew J.
Published: August 2022

This article discusses the basic principles of SEM-based cathodoluminescence (CL) spectroscopy and demonstrates its usefulness in process development, statistical process control, and failure analysis. The technologies where the benefits of CL spectroscopy are most evident are compound semiconductor optoelectronics and high electron mobility transistors as reflected in the application examples.
Optimal Sampling and Reconstruction Strategies for Scanning Microscopes
Authors: Browning Nigel D. , Nicholls Daniel , Wells Jack , Robinson Alex W.
Published: August 2022

This article discusses the tradeoffs associated with minimizing beam dose in a scanning transmission electron microscope (STEM) and explains how to reduce beam exposure through subsampling and inpainting, a signal reconstruction technique that optimizes image quality and resolution. Although the method is described in the context of STEM imaging, it applies to any scanned imaging system.
Simultaneous Local Capacitance-Voltage Profiling and Deep Level Transient Spectroscopy Using Time-Resolved Scanning Nonlinear Dielectric Microscopy
Authors: Cho Yasuo
Published: August 2022

Scanning nonlinear dielectric microscopy (SNDM) is a scanning probe technique that measures changes in oscillation frequency between the probe tip and a voltage-biased sample. As the probe moves across the surface of a semiconductor device, the oscillation frequency changes in response to variations in dielectric properties, charge and carrier density, dopant concentration, interface states, or any number of other variables that affect local capacitance. Over the past few years, researchers at Tohoku University have made several improvements in dielectric microscopy, the latest of which is a digital version called time-resolved SNDM (tr-SNDM). Here they describe their new technique and present an application in which it is used to acquire CV, dC/dV-V, and DLTS data from SiO2/SiC interface samples.
Scanning Nitrogen Vacancy Magnetometry: A Quantum Technology for Device Failure Analysis
Authors: Rickhaus Peter , Maletinsky Patrick
Published: August 2022

This article describes the basic measurement physics of scanning nitrogen vacancy (NV) microscopy and the various ways it can be used in semiconductor device failure analysis. Scanning NV microscopy can measure topography as well as magnetic fields, local current density, ac noise, and local temperature variations.
»En La Casa Del Padre« Innovación y diseño en El sabor de la tierruca (1882) de Pereda
Authors: López Ignacio Javier
Published: August 2022

El sabor de la tierruca (1882) is Pereda's first regional novel. In his previous ideological works, the author had written that the threat to the ancestral system was political. It originated on the liberal policies coming from the nation's capital. In his first regional novel
he claims otherwise, for he sees a much insidious threat growing within the system: the absenteeism of the ruling class of hidalgos. Attracted by the comforts of urban life, the hidalgos abandoned rural towns leaving their communities without political leadership and without
spiritual guidance. El sabor de la tierruca tells the story of the return of the good hidalgo to the native land. In this novel Pereda offers a story that deals with time and with the survival of the community kept together under the guidance of a leader who has accepted his
historical commitment to preserve an ancestral form of life.
Discriminating Aging Cognitive Decline Spectrum Using PET and Magnetic Resonance Image Features
Authors: Dartora Caroline Machado ,   for the Alzheimer’s Disease Neuroimaging Initiative, de Moura Luís Vinicius , Koole Michel , Marques da Silva Ana Maria
Published: August 2022

Background: The population aging increased the prevalence of brain diseases, like Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Early identification of individuals with higher odds of cognitive decline is essential to maintain quality of life. Imaging evaluation of individuals at risk of cognitive decline includes biomarkers extracted from brain positron emission tomography (PET) and structural magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Objective: We propose investigating ensemble models to classify groups in the aging cognitive decline spectrum by combining features extracted from single imaging modalities and combinations of imaging modalities (FDG+AMY+MRI, and a PET ensemble). Methods: We group imaging data of 131 individuals into four classes related to the individuals’ cognitive assessment in baseline and follow-up: stable cognitive non-impaired; individuals converting to mild cognitive impairment (MCI) syndrome; stable MCI; and Alzheimer’s clinical syndrome. We assess the performance of four algorithms using leave-one-out cross-validation: decision tree classifier, random forest (RF), light gradient boosting machine (LGBM), and categorical boosting (CAT). The performance analysis of models is evaluated using balanced accuracy before and after using Shapley Additive exPlanations with recursive feature elimination (SHAP-RFECV) method. Results: Our results show that feature selection with CAT or RF algorithms have the best overall performance in discriminating early cognitive decline spectrum mainly using MRI imaging features. Conclusion: Use of CAT or RF algorithms with SHAP-RFECV shows good discrimination of early stages of aging cognitive decline, mainly using MRI image features. Further work is required to analyze the impact of selected brain regions and their correlation with cognitive decline spectrum.
HiperVulnerabilidade dos consumidores na era do martketing 4.0
Authors: Almeida Juliana Evangelista de , Gervasio Ana  Laura Marques , Americo Lucas Batista
Published: August 2022

O presente artigo busca analisar a hipervulnerabilidade do consumidor no contexto do marketing 4.0. Para tanto, questiona-se qual é a eficácia das legislações acerca da autodeterminação do consumidor titular de dados diante das novas formas de captação e destinação dos dados e do marketing 4.0. Orientada por uma metodologia de pesquisa jurídico social, interdisciplinar, a partir de um raciocínio dedutivo, tem como marco teórico hipervulnerabilidade dos titulares de dados consumidores na era do marketing 4.0, utilizando a Lei Geral de Proteção de Dado, as novas tecnologias de captação de dados e o trabalho de Bioni (2020) “Proteção de dados pessoais a função e os limites do consentimento”. A partir dessa análise, pretende-se identificar as falhas na composição da autodeterminação informativa, questionando a operacionalidade das legislações, a contratualização dos termos de uso aplicados por corporações, e os mecanismos que levam o cidadão a ceder ou reivindicar sua autodeterminação.
Agricultura is my Business: la Participación de la Fundación Rockefeller en Proyectos de Intercambio Tecnocientífico del Ministerio de Agricultura de Brasil (1930-1955)
Authors: Rocha Carolina da Cunha
Published: August 2022

El artículo tiene como objetivo analizar la formación de una burocracia con perfil técnico en la construcción de un nuevo tipo de agricultura orientada a la superación de conceptos y métodos considerados tradicionales en la producción rural en Brasil, en el período comprendido entre 1930 y 1955. La investigación se enfocó en analizar la naturaleza de la formación profesional del personal técnico del Ministerio de Agricultura (MA) y en comprender cómo el Estado invirtió en el desarrollo educativo de sus propios agrónomos, veterinarios y técnicos agrícolas, agentes cuyo trabajo estuvo orientado a trascender la pobreza, alcanzar la modernidad. y garantizar la prosperidad nacional. Por medio del análisis del acervo de la Fundación Rockefeller referente a los registros profesionales de por lo menos 21 expertos agrarios fue posible conocer la participación de algunos técnicos, sus trayectorias profesionales y los proyectos de fomento agrario que, impulsados por el MA y/o sus institutos regionales, contribuyeron para la formación de redes de conocimiento técnico a nivel global, en contextos históricos para los cuales convergían la complejización de las prácticas tecnocientíficas en el campo, la diversificación de las empresas agrarias a nivel nacional, la creación de mercados internacionales de commodities y el combate al hambre en el ámbito internacional, material que incentiva nuevos temas de estudio sobre la Revolución Verde a la brasileña.
Empowerment: a step towards the (r)evolution of recovery
Authors: Dupuis Mathieu , Castillo
Published: August 2022

We are witnessing a revolution in the field of mental health in France. The notions of recovery, empowerment and social inclusion drive us to transform our care practices. New care and support schemes are being devised throughout the entire French territory. In France, however, the concrete application of empowerment in the field is rather slow, as the notion’s theoretical complexity and promotion are significant moot points. In this article, we aim to address these French difficulties in order to suggest means of implementing empowerment-centered support methodologies. We demonstrate how this notion is correlated with other theoretical movements and how it overlaps with new notions with the aim of leading an ethical reflection. We also illustrate our reflection with clinical observations from the Un chez soi d’abord (equivalent of the US Housing First scheme) scheme.

Keywords: Empowerment, Recovery, Housing First, Support, Ethics, Humanism
THE STATE AS «INTELLIGENT LIFE OF SELF- CONSCIOUS FREEDOM»: PHILOSOPHICAL AND THEOLOGICAL ASPECTS ACCORDING TO HEGEL’S INTERPRETATION
Authors: Сальников Виктор Петрович , Масленников Дмитрий Владимирович , Шкрум Дмитрий Васильевич
Published: August 2022

The theoretical substantiation of the idea of freedom as a positive expression of the essence of human existence with reference to its Christian theodicy meaning («freedom is the supreme gift of God to man») is contained only in the German classical idealism with its systematic interpretation of the idea of the subject. As such, the concept of freedom became for German classics the basis of a new paradigm of philosophy of law, an alternative to both traditional natural law and social contract theory. Based on this paradigm, the Hegelian concept of the state can be considered as one of the sources of the sovereign Russian philosophy of law. Purpose: to highlight, in relation to the idea of the state, the main points that reveal the Hegelian concept of freedom as the most profound definition of the essence of human existence. Methods: the authors use such methods as logical, historical-genetic, historical-comparative, systematic method of cognition, as well as the methodology of theoretical and legal comparative studies. Results: the idea of universal foundations of statehood is an integral part of legal thinking. It is mediated by the concepts of morality, personal freedom, law, which historically were revealed both in rational philosophical-legal, and in theological discourses. Hegel’s understanding of the state as «intelligent life of self-conscious freedom» is realized by him in interconnection of history of state and religion, where each historical stage expresses necessary forms of this self-consciousness.
ОБ АРГУМЕНТАЦИИ В НАУЧНЫХ ТРУДАХ ПРАВОВОЙ ТЕМАТИКИ
Authors: Юсупов Рахимьян , Трухачёв Артём
Published: August 2022

В эмпирическом исследовании новые факты устанавливаются наглядно и в основе аргумента лежит демонстрация процесса получения результата. Теоретическое исследование оперирует сущностями, не вошедшими в сферу опыта человека или социума, и аргумент представляет собой предположение, в котором логично выстроены связи. Нарушение правил логики есть путь к ошибочному результату. В области права исследования носят теоретический характер, зато внедрение результатов всегда имеет вполне реальные последствия, которые прямо отражаются на жизни государства, общества и человека. Поэтому начинающему исследователю важно научиться ответственной работе с аргументами – как со своими, так и с чужими. В статье изложены результаты совместной аналитической работы начинающего исследователя и научного руководителя на этапе изучения степени научной разработанности конкретной темы – «Правовое регулирование конституционного контроля в России». Анализ коснулся вопросов, вызвавших в научном сообществе дискуссии.
ФОРМИРОВАНИЕ ЭКОЛОГИЧЕСКОГО СОЗНАНИЯ ЛИЧНОСТИ КАК УСЛОВИЕ ВОСПРОИЗВОДСТВА СУВЕРЕННОГО ГОСУДАРСТВА
Authors: Исаченко Юрий
Published: August 2022

В статье обращается внимание на то, что ориентированная на экологические ценности культура личности должна быть обращена как на макрокосм – отношения государства, общества и природы, так и на микрокосм – отношения души и тела человека. При этом микрокосм занимает определяющее место в структуре экологической культуры личности. Гармония общества и природы должна, прежде всего, включать в себя гармонию человека со своей собственной «природой», на что должно быть ориентировано государственное регулирование экологических отношений в обществе.
Implementación de pulpa de mango en la elaboración de una cerveza artesanal
Authors: Correa Jhonny , Amores Muñoz Ian De Jesús , Barría Núñez Julissa Victoria , Biendicho Melgar Cristian Eduardo , Medina Herrera Yarirene Katyuska
Published: August 2022

El mercado de la cerveza artesanal está en crecimiento en Panamá, un lugar con potencial impresionante para impactar con su biodiversidad las formulaciones para elaboración de cervezas artesanales.  La investigación evalúa el efecto de la adición de pulpa de mango a la formulación de una cerveza artesanal Pale Ale, estilo Golden Light, con levadura de baja fermentación. El efecto se determinó comparando formulación con concentraciones de pulpa de mango de 0, 2.5 y 5% en peso. Los resultados obtenidos en la evaluación sensorial de las cervezas elaboradas indican que la adición de pulpa de mango (al 5%) genera una cerveza con mayor aceptación que si no se incorpora mango, incluso en comparación con la cerveza comercial utilizada como referencia.
Prototipo de un sistema que determine el estado de madurez de un plátano utilizando Deep Learning y Visión Artificial
Authors: Villalba Andrea , Requena Tomás , Solanilla Fabio , Rangel José Carlos
Published: August 2022

Las aplicaciones de Deep Learning (DL) y Visión Artificial han revolucionado la manera de como se ejecutan los procesos en las industrias de alimentos, para disminuir la pérdida de material por procesos ineficientes. Por lo tanto, este proyecto propone la creación de un modelo inteligente de clasificación industrial con asistencia robótica, enfocado inicialmente en la distinción del estado de maduración del plátano (Musa balbisiana). Se llevó a cabo con la ayuda de librerías como TensorFlow y OpenCV, las cuales permiten la utilización de redes neuronales convolucionales. Luego de probar varios modelos, se obtuvo que el que presentó mayor precisión y menor pérdida logró clasificar correctamente los tres estados de maduración del plátano, siempre y cuando las imágenes a predecir mantengan el formato establecido.
Agentes fluorados en la terapia de remineralización en niños: revisión sistemática
Authors: Alberti Yubitza , Diana Brimar , De Gouveia María , Molin Luzkarin
Published: August 2022

Los materiales bioactivos como los agentes fluorados son sustancias que dentro de su composición química poseen elementos como el fluoruro que, al aplicarse tópicamente sobre el esmalte, ayudan a revertir lesiones iniciales de caries, denominadas mancha blanca. El objetivo de este estudio es determinar la efectividad de los agentes fluorados en las terapias de remineralización en niños por medio de una revisión bibliográfica. Se llevó a cabo un estudio descriptivo, transversal y retrospectivo; para el cual se realizó la revisión de artículos científicos publicados entre el 2010 y 2020. Estos se obtuvieron de las siguientes bases de datos: Google Scholar, ProQuest y PubMed, aplicando los criterios de inclusión y exclusión. Los agentes seleccionados a estudiar fueron; la espuma de fluoruro al 1.23%, el barniz fluorado, el fluorfosfato acidulado al 1.23%, fluoruro de sodio neutro al 2% y la solución de fluoruro estañoso al 8%. La evidencia indica que el barniz fluorado es el más utilizado en la terapia de remineralización infantil debido a su efectividad disminuyendo adecuadamente la lesión de caries inicial, mayor liberación de fluoruro incluso días después del tratamiento, fácil y rápida aplicación, buena aceptación por los pacientes y previene la desmineralización del esmalte. El resto de los agentes fluorados no se consideran ideales para la remineralización de la mancha blanca debido a su corta liberación de flúor, tiempo limitado en contacto con el esmalte, toxicidad, pigmentaciones y cambios que pueden generar en materiales restauradores. Asimismo, se recomienda el desuso de la solución de fluoruro estañoso al 8%.
Peptide conformational imprints enhanced the catalytic activity of papain for esterification
Authors: Kanubaddi Kiran Reddy , Yang Ching-Lun , Huang Pei-Yu , Lin Chung-Yin , Tai Dar-Fu , Lee Chia-Hung
Published: August 2022

Peptide conformational imprints (PCIs) offer a promising perspective to directly generate binding sites for preserving enzymes with high catalytic activity and stability. In this study, we synthesized a new chiral cross-linker cost-effectively for controlling the matrix morphology of PCIs on magnetic particles (PCIMPs) to stabilize their recognition capability. Meanwhile, based on the flank part of the sequences on papain (PAP), three epitope peptides were selected and synthesized. Molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs) were then fabricated in the presence of the epitope peptide using our new cross-linker on magnetic particles (MPs) to generate PCIMPs. PCIMPs were formed with helical cavities that complement the PAP structure to adsorb specifically at the targeted position of PAP. PCIMPs65–79 were found to have the best binding parameters to the PAP with Kd = 0.087 μM and Bmax = 4.56 μM. Upon esterification of N-Boc-His-OH, proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H-NMR) was used to monitor the yield of the reaction and evaluate the activity of PAP/PCIMPs. The kinetic parameters of PAP/PCIMPs65–79 were calculated as Vmax = 3.0 μM s−1, Km = 5 × 10−2 M, kcat = 1.1 × 10–1 s−1, and kcat/Km = 2.2 M−1 s−1. In addition, PAP is bound tightly to PCIMPs to sustain its activity after four consecutive cycles.
A review on magnesium alloys for biomedical applications
Authors: Zhang Ting , Wang Wen , Liu Jia , Wang Liqiang , Tang Yujin , Wang Kuaishe
Published: August 2022

Magnesium (Mg) and Mg alloys are considered as potential candidates for biomedical applications because of their high specific strength, low density, and elastic modulus, degradability, good biocompatibility and biomechanical compatibility. However, the rapid corrosion rate of Mg alloys results in premature loss of mechanical integrity, limiting their clinical application in load-bearing parts. Besides, the low strength of Mg alloys restricts their further application. Thus, it is essential to understand the characteristics and influencing factors of mechanical and corrosion behavior, as well as the methods to improve the mechanical performances and corrosion resistance of Mg alloys. This paper reviews the recent progress in elucidating the corrosion mechanism, optimizing the composition, and microstructure, enhancing the mechanical performances, and controlling the degradation rate of Mg alloys. In particular, the research progress of surface modification technology of Mg alloys is emphasized. Finally, the development direction of biomedical Mg alloys in the future is prospected.
Lysine acetylation of Escherichia coli lactate dehydrogenase regulates enzyme activity and lactate synthesis
Authors: Liu Min , Huo Meitong , Liu Changshui , Guo Likun , Ding Yamei , Ma Qingjun , Qi Qingsheng , Xian Mo , Zhao Guang
Published: August 2022

As an evolutionarily conserved posttranslational modification, protein lysine acetylation plays important roles in many physiological and metabolic processes. However, there are few reports about the applications of lysine acetylation in metabolic regulations. Lactate is a main byproduct in microbial fermentation, and itself also an important bulk chemical with considerable commercial values in many fields. Lactate dehydrogenase (LdhA) is the key enzyme catalyzing lactate synthesis from pyruvate. Here, we reported that Escherichia coli LdhA can be acetylated and the acetylated lysine sites were identified by mass spectrometry. The effects and regulatory mechanisms of acetylated sites on LdhA activity were characterized. Finally, lysine acetylation was successfully used to regulate the lactate synthesis. LdhA (K9R) mutant overexpressed strain improved the lactate titer and glucose conversion efficiency by 1.74 folds than that of wild-type LdhA overexpressed strain. LdhA (K154Q-K248Q) mutant can inhibit lactate accumulation and improve 3HP production. Our study established a paradigm for lysine acetylation in lactate synthesis regulation and suggested that lysine acetylation may be a promising strategy to improve the target production and conversion efficiency in microbial synthesis. The application of lysine acetylation in regulating lactate synthesis also provides a reference for the treatment of lactate-related diseases.
Advances in nanocarriers to improve the stability of dsRNA in the environment
Authors: Yang Wenling , Wang Baitao , Lei Gao , Chen Guocan , Liu Dehai
Published: August 2022

RNAi technology, known as a revolutionary technology in the history of pesticides, has been identified as a very promising novel approach for crop protection, which is of great significance for achieving the sustainable agricultural development of the United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization. Although many studies have shown that RNA biopesticides have strong application prospects, its stability seriously restricts the commercial use. As the core component of RNAi, double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) is unstable in its natural form. Therefore, how to ensure the stability of dsRNA is one of the most significant challenges in realizing the commercial use of RNA biopesticides. Nanomaterials such as cationic polymers and lipofectamine can improve the stability of dsRNA in the environment, which has been proved. This paper reviews the recent research progress of nanomaterials that can be used to improve the environmental stability of dsRNA, and discusses the advantages and limitations of different nanomaterials combined with dsRNA, which provides reference for the selection of dsRNA nanoformulations.
Sex-differential RXRα gene methylation effects on mRNA and protein expression in umbilical cord of the offspring rat exposed to maternal obesity
Authors: Chavira-Suárez Erika , Reyes-Castro Luis Antonio , López-Tenorio Itzel Ivonn , Vargas-Hernández Lilia , Rodríguez-González Guadalupe L. , Chavira Roberto , Zárate-Segura Paola , Domínguez-López Aaron , Vadillo-Ortega Felipe , Zambrano Elena
Published: August 2022

Maternal obesity (MO) induces negative consequences in the offspring development. Adiposity phenotype is associated with maternal diet at early pregnancy and DNA methylation marks in the RXRα promotor at birth. Glucocorticoids play an important role in the regulation of metabolism through the activation of nuclear hormone receptors such as the RXRα protein. The aim of the study was to analyze steroid hormone changes at the end of pregnancy in the obese mother and RXRα gene methylation in the umbilical cord. For this purpose, in a well-established MO model, female Wistar rats were fed either standard chow (controls: C) or high-fat obesogenic diet (MO) before and during pregnancy to evaluate at 19 days of gestation (19 dG): 1) maternal concentration of circulating steroid hormones in MO and C groups, 2) maternal and fetal weights, 3) analysis of correlation between hormones concentration and maternal and fetal weights, 4) DNA methylation status of a single locus of RXRα gene near the early growth response (EGR-1) protein DNA binding site, and 5) RXRα mRNA and protein expressions in umbilical cords. Our results demonstrate that at 19 dG, MO body weight before and during pregnancy was higher than C; MO progesterone and corticosterone serum concentrations were higher and estradiol lower than C. There were not differences in fetal weight between male and female per group, therefore averaged data was used; MO fetal weight was lower than C. Positive correlations were found between progesterone and corticosterone with maternal weight, and estradiol with fetal weight, while negative correlation was observed between corticosterone and fetal weight. Additionally, male umbilical cords from MO were hypermethylated in RXRα gene compared to male C group, without differences in the female groups; mRNA and protein expression of RXRα were decreased in F1 male but not in female MO compared to C. In conclusion, MO results in dysregulation of circulating steroid hormones of the obese mothers and low fetal weight in the F1, modifying DNA methylation of RXRα gene as well as RXRα mRNA and protein expression in the umbilical cord in a sex-dependent manner.
Disruption of the VAPB-PTPIP51 ER-mitochondria tethering proteins in post-mortem human amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
Authors: Hartopp Naomi , Lau Dawn H W. , Martin-Guerrero Sandra M. , Markovinovic Andrea , Mórotz Gábor M. , Greig Jenny , Glennon Elizabeth B. , Troakes Claire , Gomez-Suaga Patricia , Noble Wendy , Miller Christopher C.J.
Published: August 2022

Signaling between the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and mitochondria regulates many neuronal functions that are perturbed in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and perturbation to ER-mitochondria signaling is seen in cell and transgenic models of ALS. However, there is currently little evidence that ER-mitochondria signaling is altered in human ALS. ER-mitochondria signaling is mediated by interactions between the integral ER protein VAPB and the outer mitochondrial membrane protein PTPIP51 which act to recruit and “tether” regions of ER to the mitochondrial surface. The VAPB-PTPI51 tethers are now known to regulate a number of ER-mitochondria signaling functions. These include delivery of Ca2+ from ER stores to mitochondria, mitochondrial ATP production, autophagy and synaptic activity. Here we investigate the VAPB-PTPIP51 tethers in post-mortem control and ALS spinal cords. We show that VAPB protein levels are reduced in ALS. Proximity ligation assays were then used to quantify the VAPB-PTPIP51 interaction in spinal cord motor neurons in control and ALS cases. These studies revealed that the VAPB-PTPIP51 tethers are disrupted in ALS. Thus, we identify a new pathogenic event in post-mortem ALS.
Heterointerface Effect in Accelerating the Cathodic Oxygen Reduction for Intermediate-Temperature Solid Oxide Fuel Cells
Authors: Meng Yu , Zhu Xiaofei , Meng Jiao , Bai Jinghe , Chen Ruyi , Zhou Defeng , Wang Ning , Tian Dan
Published: August 2022

A solid-state mixing method was adopted to prepare a new Pr0.8Sr0.2Fe0.7Ni0.3O3−δ-Pr1.2Sr0.8Fe0.4Ni0.6O4+δ (PSFN113-214) composite cathode oxide for the solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs). Herein, heterointerface engineering was investigated for the performance enhancement. It was found that the oxygen vacancy content could be increased by mixing the PSFN214 with PSFN113, which gave rise to the formation of a heterostructure, and resulted in the promotion of oxygen ion transport as well as the specific surface area. The optimum mixing ratio 5:5 resulted in the highest oxygen vacancy content and the largest specific surface area, indicating the strongest interface effect. Polarization resistance of PSFN113-214 (5:5) was 0.029 Ω cm2 at 800°C, which was merely 24% of PSFN113 and 39% of PSFN214. The corresponding maximum power density was 0.699 W cm−2, which was nearly 1.44 times of PSFN113 and 1.24 times of PSFN214. Furthermore, the voltage attenuation rate after 100 h was merely 0.0352% h−1. Therefore, the new PSFN113-214 composite could be a prospective cathode oxide for SOFCs.
Recent advances in enzyme-related biomaterials for arthritis treatment
Authors: Liu Xin-Hao , Ding Jia-Ying , Zhu Zhi-Heng , Wu Xi-Chen , Song Yong-Jia , Xu Xiao-Ling , Ding Dao-Fang
Published: August 2022

Arthritis is a group of highly prevalent joint disorders, and osteoarthritis (OA) and rheumatoid arthritis are the two most common types. The high prevalence of arthritis causes severe burdens on individuals, society and the economy. Currently, the primary treatment of arthritis is to relieve symptoms, but the development of arthritis cannot be effectively prevented. Studies have revealed that the disrupted balance of enzymes determines the pathological changes in arthritis. In particular, the increased levels of matrix metalloproteinases and the decreased expression of endogenous antioxidant enzymes promote the progression of arthritis. New therapeutic strategies have been developed based on the expression characteristics of these enzymes. Biomaterials have been designed that are responsive when the destructive enzymes MMPs are increased or have the activities of the antioxidant enzymes that play a protective role in arthritis. Here, we summarize recent studies on biomaterials associated with MMPs and antioxidant enzymes involved in the pathological process of arthritis. These enzyme-related biomaterials have been shown to be beneficial for arthritis treatment, but there are still some problems that need to be solved to improve efficacy, especially penetrating the deeper layer of articular cartilage and targeting osteoclasts in subchondral bone. In conclusion, enzyme-related nano-therapy is challenging and promising for arthritis treatment.
Microbiota profiles in pre-school children with respiratory infections: Modifications induced by the oral bacterial lysate OM-85
Authors: Esposito Susanna , Ballarini Stefania , Argentiero Alberto , Ruggiero Luca , Rossi Giovanni A. , Principi Nicola
Published: August 2022

To describe microbiota profiles considering potential influencing factors in pre-school children with recurrent respiratory tract infections (rRTIs) and to evaluate microbiota changes associated with oral bacterial lysate OM-85 treatment, we analyzed gut and nasopharynx (NP) microbiota composition in patients included in the OM-85-pediatric rRTIs (OMPeR) clinical trial (https://www.clinicaltrialsregister.eu/ctr-search/trial/2016-002705-19/IT). Relative percentage abundance was used to describe microbiota profiles in all the available biological specimens, grouped by age, atopy, and rRTIs both at inclusion (T0) and at the end of the study, after treatment with OM-85 or placebo (T1). At T0, Firmicutes and Bacteriodetes were the predominant genera in gut and Proteobacteria, Firmicutes, and Actinobacteria were the predominant genera in NP samples. Gut microbiota relative composition differed with age (<2 vs. ≥2 years) for Firmicutes, Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria (phyla) and Bifidobacterium, Ruminococcus, Lachnospiraceae (genera) (p < 0.05). Moraxella was more enriched in the NP of patients with a history of up to three RTIs. Intra-group changes in relative percentage abundance were described only for patients with gut and NP microbiota analysis available at both T0 and T1 for each study arm. In this preliminary analysis, the gut microbiota seemed more stable over the 6-month study in the OM-85 group, whose mean age was lower, as compared to the placebo group (p = 0.004). In this latter group, the relative abundance of Bacteroides decreased significantly in children ≥2 years. Some longitudinal significant differences in genera relative abundance were also detected in children of ≥2 years for NP Actinobacteria, Haemophilus, and Corynebacterium in the placebo group only. Due to the small number of patients in the different sub-populations, we could not identify significant differences in the clinical outcome and therefore no associations with microbiota changes were searched. The use of bacterial lysates might play a role in microbiota rearrangement, but further data and advanced analysis are needed to prove this in less heterogeneous populations with higher numbers of samples considering the multiple influencing factors such as delivery method, age, environment, diet, antibiotic use, and type of infections to ultimately show any associations with prevention of rRTIs.
Relationship between echocardiographic characteristics and cardiac biomarkers during long-distance trail running
Authors: Jouffroy Romain , Hergault Hélène , Antero Juliana , Vieillard Baron Antoine , Mansencal Nicolas
Published: August 2022

Background

Even if the beneficial cardiovascular effects of moderate exercise are recognized, effects of prolonged and intense exercise are still debated. This study aims to detect cardiovascular changes associated with long endurance running by assessing the relationship between echocardiographic parameters and cardiac biomarkers during long-distance trail running.

Methods

We performed a prospective observational study that included 20 participants who were all amateur runners (median age of 41 years old, still alive after a 7-year clinical follow-up) from 80-km trail running. All the participants underwent an echocardiographic examination and venous blood sampling before the race, at the intermediate refreshment checkpoints of the race (21st and 53rd km), and within 10 min after arrival.

Results

Mitral E/A velocity ratio and mitral TDI e’ wave were significantly decreased at the 21st km to arrival (p < 0.05). Mitral S wave and global longitudinal strain (GLS) were significantly decreased from the 53rd km to arrival (p < 0.05 for 53rd and 80th km). As compared to baseline, T-troponin and NT-proBNP were significantly increased at the 21st km in all the participants, but T-troponin values were systematically increased above the significative threshold. Diastolic echocardiographic abnormalities were mainly observed among participants with highest NT-proBNP (> 77 ng.l–1) values at the 21st km. As compared to baseline, mitral e’ wave was significantly decreased (–35%) in participants with highest values of NT-proBNP. Similarly, GLS was also depressed among participants with highest troponin values at the 53rd km (p = 0.01 for 53rd km and p = 0.04 for arrival).

Conclusion

During the long-distance trail running, the early LV decrease in diastolic echocardiographic parameters is associated with increase in NT pro-BNP blood levels, and the decrease in LV systolic echocardiographic parameters later is associated with increase in T-troponin blood levels.