bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Intra-abdominal hypertension and abdominal compartment syndrome in patients admitted to the ICU
Authors: Smit Marije , Koopman Bart , Dieperink Willem , Hulscher Jan B. F. , Hofker H. Sijbrand , van Meurs Matijs , Zijlstra Jan G.
Published: October 2020

Background

Intra-abdominal hypertension is frequently present in critically ill patients and is an independent predictor for mortality. Risk factors for intra-abdominal hypertension and abdominal compartment syndrome have been widely investigated. However, data are lacking on prevalence and outcome in high-risk patients. Our objectives in this study were to investigate prevalence and outcome of intra-abdominal hypertension and abdominal compartment syndrome in high-risk patients in a prospective, observational, single-center cohort study.

Results

Between March 2014 and March 2016, we included 503 patients, 307 males (61%) and 196 females (39%). Patients admitted to the intensive care unit with a diagnosis of pancreatitis, elective or emergency open abdominal aorta surgery, orthotopic liver transplantation, other elective or emergency major abdominal surgery and trauma were enrolled. One hundred and sixty four (33%) patients developed intra-abdominal hypertension and 18 (3.6%) patients developed abdominal compartment syndrome. Highest prevalence of abdominal compartment syndrome occurred in pancreatitis (57%) followed by orthotopic liver transplantation (7%) and abdominal aorta surgery (5%). Length of intensive care stay increased by a factor 4 in patients with intra-abdominal hypertension and a factor 9 in abdominal compartment syndrome, compared to patients with normal intra-abdominal pressure. Rate of renal replacement therapy was higher in abdominal compartment syndrome (38.9%) and intra-abdominal hypertension (8.2%) compared to patients with normal intra-abdominal pressure (1.2%). Both intensive care mortality and 90-day mortality were significantly higher in intra-abdominal hypertension (4.8% and 15.2%) and abdominal compartment syndrome (16.7% and 38.9%) compared to normal intra-abdominal pressure (1.2% and 7.1%). Body mass index (odds ratio 1.08, 95% confidence interval 1.03–1.13), mechanical ventilation at admission (OR 3.52, 95% CI 2.08–5.96) and Apache IV score (OR 1.03, 95% CI 1.02–1.04) were independent risk factors for the development of intra-abdominal hypertension or abdominal compartment syndrome.

Conclusions

The prevalence of abdominal compartment syndrome was 3.6% and the prevalence of intra-abdominal hypertension was 33% in this cohort of high-risk patients. Morbidity and mortality increased when intra-abdominal hypertension or abdominal compartment syndrome was present. The patient most at risk of IAH or ACS in this high-risk cohort has a BMI > 30 kg/m2 and was admitted to the ICU after emergency abdominal surgery or with a diagnosis of pancreatitis.
Beef heifer fertility: importance of management practices and technological advancements
Authors: Moorey Sarah E. , Biase Fernando H.
Published: October 2020

The development of replacement heifers is at the core of cow-calf beef production systems. In 2020, the USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service reported 5.771 million beef heifers, 500 pounds and over, are under development for cow replacement. A compilation of data from several studies indicate that between 85% and 95% of these heifers will become pregnant in their first breeding season. Several thousands of heifers being raised for replacement may not deliver a calf on their first breeding season and result in economic losses to cow-calf producers. Many management procedures have been developed to maximize the reproductive potential of beef heifers. Such approaches include, but are not limited to the following: nutritional management for controlled weight gain, identification of reproductive maturity by physiological and morphological indicators, and the implementation of an estrous synchronization program. The implementation of management strategies has important positive impact(s) on the reproductive efficiency of heifers. There are limitations, however, because some heifers deemed ready to enter their first breeding season do not become pregnant. In parallel, genetic selection for fertility-related traits in beef heifers have not promoted major genetic gains on this particular area, most likely due to low heritability of female fertility traits in cattle. Technologies such as antral follicle counting, DNA genotyping and RNA profiling are being investigated as a means to aid in the identification of heifers of low fertility potential. To date, many polymorphisms have been associated with heifer fertility, but no DNA markers have been identified across herds. Antral follicle count is an indication of the ovarian reserve and is an indicator of the reproductive health of a heifer. We have been working on the identification of transcriptome profiles in heifers associated with pregnancy outcome. Our current investigations integrating protein-coding transcript abundance and artificial intelligence have identified the potential for bloodborne transcript abundance to be used as indicators of fertility potential in beef heifers. In summary, there is an ongoing pressure for reducing costs and increasing efficiency in cow-calf production systems, and new technologies can help reduce the long-standing limitations in beef heifer fertility.
Two-stage laparoscopic surgery for incarcerated umbilical Littre’s hernia in severely obese patient: a case report
Authors: Ariyoshi Yu , Suto Takayuki , Umemura Akira , Fujiwara Hisataka , Yanari Shingo , Uesugi Noriyuki , Sugai Tamotsu , Sasaki Akira
Published: October 2020

Background

Littre's hernia containing Meckel's diverticulum is an extremely rare disease. We report an adult case of two-stage laparoscopic surgery for incarceration of Meckel's diverticulum in an umbilical hernia.

Case presentation

The case involved a 23-year-old, severely obese man with BMI 36.5 kg/m2. After experiencing effusion from the umbilicus for 2 months, and was referred from a local dermatologist. We diagnosed an infected urachal remnant, and antibiotic therapy was performed first. Surgery was planned for after the infection disappeared. During follow-up, effusion from the umbilicus took on an intestinal fluid-like character, so we diagnosed small intestinal cutaneous fistula and performed surgery. Under laparoscopy, we found a Meckel's diverticulum incarcerated in an umbilical hernia. The diverticulum was resected first, and the incarceration was released. The umbilicus was infected, so we planned repair of the umbilical hernia in a second surgery. The postoperative course was uneventful and the patient was discharged on postoperative day 5. One month after the initial operation, we confirmed that there were no signs of infection, and performed umbilical hernia repair using the laparoscopic intraperitoneal onlay mesh (IPOM) repair. Postoperative progress was uneventful and he was discharged on postoperative day 4. No recurrence or infection was observed until 8 months postoperatively.

Conclusions

We performed dissection of the diverticulum and umbilical hernia repair for the incarcerated umbilical Littre's hernia under laparoscopy in a severely obese patient. The risk of mesh infection seems to be avoidable using a two-stage surgery, and the risk of recurrence can be reduced using the IPOM repair compared with simple suture closure.
President's Page
Authors: Miller Rick
Published: October 2020

Without question, the last nine months have presented unprecedented challenges to humanity and delivered significant blows to portions of our profession. But if there is good that comes from previous bad, we can feel good that we have endured and even emerged stronger from previous economic cycles that have been driven by oil supply and demand.
Executive Perspectives
Authors: Agnew Tom , Oakley Shelly
Published: October 2020

SEG Advanced Modeling Corporation (SEAM) is a not-for-profit research arm of SEG. It organizes collaborations among industry, government, and academia to address major industry subsurface challenges. By doing so, SEAM provides a forum for industry leaders to resolve geophysical problems of common interest and advance subsurface management research and development through numerical modeling and computation.
Theory-guided data science-based reservoir prediction of a North Sea oil field
Authors: Downton Jonathan E. , Collet Olivia , Hampson Daniel P. , Colwell Tanya
Published: October 2020

Data science-based methods, such as supervised neural networks, provide powerful techniques to predict reservoir properties from seismic and well data without the aid of a theoretical model. In these supervised learning approaches, the seismic-to-rock property relationship is learned from the data. One of the major factors limiting the success of these methods is whether there exists enough labeled data, sampled over the expected geology, to train the neural network adequately. To overcome these issues, this paper explores hybrid theory-guided data science (TGDS)-based methods. In particular, we build a two-component model in which the outputs of the theory-based component are the inputs in the data science component. First, we simulate many pseudowells based on the well statistics in the project area. The reservoir properties, such as porosity, saturation, mineralogy, and thickness, are all varied to create a well-sampled data set. Elastic and synthetic seismic data are then generated using rock physics and seismic theory. The resulting collection of pseudowell logs and synthetic seismic data, called the synthetic catalog, is used to train the neural network. The derived operator is then applied to the real seismic data to predict reservoir properties throughout the seismic volume. This TGDS method is applied to a North Sea data set to characterize a Paleocene oil sand reservoir. The TGDS results better characterize the geology and well control, including a blind well, compared to a solely theory-based approach (deterministic inversion) and a data science-based approach (neural network using only the original wells). These results suggest that theory and data science can complement each other to improve reservoir characterization predictions.
Geophysics Bright Spots
Authors: Behura Jyoti
Published: October 2020

Welcome to the latest installment of Geophysics Bright Spots. Below is a list of research that the editors found interesting in the latest issue of Geophysics.
Announcements
Authors: Nessim Maurice , Smith Tad
Published: October 2020

About this time every year, SEG sends out a call for nominations for positions on the SEG Board of Directors. It usually takes us several months to identify candidates and get them to commit to run for office, so by nature we have to start this process early. However, these are hardly “normal” times (whatever that may mean), so we thought we would add a personal note to this call for nominations and communicate our sense of urgency to this important process.
El alma corporizada: Las voces en la no ficción de Juan Villoro
Authors: Ventura Laura
Published: October 2020

Juan Villoro explora en sus crónicas las voces de su generación, de sus compatriotas, de artistas e intelectuales, de personas anónimas, así como también, y especialmente, la propia, que aúna dos tradiciones: la europea y la americana. Este trabajo parte de la definición de Villoro de la crónica actual como “el ornitorrinco de la prosa”, una metáfora que se refiere a la esencia híbrida de este género polifónico que bebe de otros géneros. Se exploran los textos de no ficción de Villoro mediante una lectura interpretativa y un análisis comparatista. Se estudian textos de cronistas contemporáneos que hacen hincapié en la polifonía y en el carácter híbrido de este género. Se estudia la retórica de Villoro en sus crónicas, donde aborda un vasto abanico de temas. Estos no eluden el retrato sobre la cultura popular mexicana. Villoro escribe crónicas a través de las cuales, explica, apela a una “voz delegada”, un instrumento a través del cual le presta su voz y estilo a otros que le confían sus relatos y experiencias. Se concluye que Villoro despliega una operación en sus crónicas donde busca reflejar “el alma corporizada”, es decir, las voces, de aquellos que narran sus experiencias. Villoro se convierte así en un testigo —término al que acude a menudo en su narrativa—, rol que elige adoptar para poder plasmar aquellas voces tan variadas de su sociedad en crónicas cercanas al ensayo y en particular a la autobiografía
Disclosing Product Availability in Online Retail
Authors: Calvo Eduard , Cui Ruomeng , Wagner Laura
Published: October 2020

Problem definition: Online retailers disclose product availability to influence customer decisions as a form of pressure selling designed to compel customers to rush into a purchase. Can the revelation of this information drive sales and profitability? We study the effect of disclosing product availability on market outcomes—product sales and returns—and identify the contexts where this effect is most powerful. Academic/practical relevance: Increasing sell-out is key for online retailers to remain profitable in the presence of thin margins and complex operations. We provide insights into how their information-disclosure policy—something they can tailor at virtually no cost—can contribute to this important objective. Methodology: We collaborate with an online retailer to procure a year of transaction data on 190,696 products that span 1,290 brands and 472,980 customers. To causally identify our results, we use a generalized difference-in-differences design with matching that exploits one policy of the firm: it discloses product availability only for the last five units. Results: The disclosure of low product availability increases hourly sales—they grow by 13.6%—but these products are more likely to be returned—product return rates increase by 17.0%. Because returns are costly, we also study net sales—product hourly sales minus hourly returns—which increase by 12.5% after the retailer reveals low availability. Managerial implications: The positive effects on sales and profitability amplify over wide assortments and when low-availability signals are abundantly visible and disclosed for deeply discounted products whose sales season is about to end. In addition, we propose a data-driven policy that exploits these results by using machine learning to prescribe the timing of disclosure of scarcity signals in order to boost sales without spiking returns.

History: This paper has been accepted as part of the 2019 Manufacturing & Service Operations Management Practice-Based Research Competition.
Is there a bright future for whitening of traumatised teeth in children?
Authors: Oliver Rachel , Gartshore Laura
Published: October 2020

Traumatic dental injuries may lead to tooth discolouration, which may impact quality of life for affected children. Guidelines advise that non-vital tooth whitening may be indicated to manage traumatised, discoloured teeth. Delivering this evidence-based intervention is legally restricted to those over the age of 18. The law offers no therapeutic exception, even when acting in patients’ best interests, and despite the updated position of the General Dental Council in 2014 in this respect. Little has been reported about variation in the practice or documentation of tooth whitening by paediatric dentists since legislation was introduced.

We must establish best practice standards to meet the needs of young patients.
Internationalisation: a ‘new horizon’ for dental education and research
Authors: Thomson Peter
Published: October 2020

Internationalisation may be defined as a series of processes whereby an institute strives to increase its influence and effectiveness through global networking. In higher education, this offers opportunities to enhance communication and mobilisation between educational systems. To be globally competitive, the international university of the future must embrace digital technology, online courses and ongoing lifetime learning, especially for alumni to facilitate networks of global expertise. Oral disease neither recognises nor respects international boundaries, nor therefore should dental education, research and clinical expertise which are highly valued commodities in society. For dentistry, internationalisation offers real opportunities to influence and promote the highest standards of oral health education and clinical practice throughout the world.

The international university of the future must recognise the importance of setting the highest standards for oral health across the world while maintaining regional structures and priorities.
Field Distance Effects of Fipronil and Chlorfenapyr as Soil Termiticides Against the Desert Subterranean Termite, Heterotermes aureus (Blattodea: Rhinotermitidae)
Authors: Baker Paul B , Miguelena Javier G
Published: October 2020

A desirable trait of termiticides is that they suppress termite activity at a distance from the site of application. Fipronil and chlorfenapyr are two non-repellent termiticides that display delayed toxicity and are therefore good candidates for yielding distance effects. We assessed their effects as soil-applied termiticides for the management of the desert subterranean termite, Heterotermes aureus (Snyder), under field conditions in southern Arizona. Our approach involved recording termite activity within field experimental grids consisting of termite monitoring stations at selected distances from a termiticide application perimeter. Fipronil-treated plots experienced large and significant reductions in termite presence and abundance relative to controls in stations immediately adjacent to treated soil. However, there was no evidence of reductions in termite activity in stations further away from the soil treatment. In contrast, termite abundance and presence in stations decreased relatively to controls after chlorfenapyr application in whole experimental grids and in several grid sections spatially separated from treated soil. These reductions were especially evident in the five central stations surrounded by the treatment perimeter and in the furthest set of stations. The spatial pattern of changes in chlorfenapyr plots was consistent with termiticide transfer as a mechanism behind distance effects. The impact of fipronil and chlorfenapyr on termite populations in our study suggests that they can both be useful for the management of H. aureus, although each might be suited for differentmanagement goals. Our results also suggest that perimeter treatments alone are not sufficient to accomplish full control of large H. aureus infestations.
Social Wasps (Vespidae: Polistinae) from the Brazilian Atlantic Forest
Authors: Souza Marcos Magalhães de , Teofilo-Guedes Gabriel Silva , Milani Lucas Rocha , De Souza Alex Sandro Barbosa , Gomes Patrícia Pereira
Published: October 2020

This study was developed aiming to compile data concerning the occurrence and distribution of social wasp species from the Brazilian Atlantic Forest, as well as recording exclusive and rare species. For this purpose, we compiled studies from the specialized literature and created a table containing the species occurrence in the different states which present the phytogeographic domain. A total of 170 species was recorded, corresponding to almost a half of the richness of social wasps in Brazil, including 50 endemic, with highlight to Rio de Janeiro state, which nevertheless is insufficiently sampled. This way, from this work, it is concluded that Brazilian Atlantic Forest must be seen as an important refuge for Polistinae.
Fluctuating Asymmetry in Melipona scutellaris (L.) 1811 (Hymenoptera: Apidae) Associated to Stress due to Transportation of Colonies
Authors: Ramos Andrade Brunelle , Barros Santos Eliaber , Andrade Nunes Lorena , Santos do Nascimento Andreia , Lopes de Carvalho Carlos Alfredo
Published: October 2020

Transportation to long distances and handling of colonies can affect development and survival conditions of bees. Our study investigated the stress intensity of individuals of Melipona scutellaris Latreille, 1811, due to transportation of colonies to long distances, within the natural range of the species. We used 746 bee workers. The right and left forewings were removed and measured using 15 landmarks in vein insertions. Individuals were divided into four groups: (1) workers collected at the origin site, (2) workers emerged at the place of destination in pupal stage during transportation, (3) workers emerged at the destination site in the 3rd instar of larval stage during transportation, and (4) workers collected after three months of colony establishment at the destination site. The Procrustes ANOVA showed significant results as well as the presence of Fluctuating Asymmetry (FA) in all treatments for the shape of wings (P<0.01). However, in the comparison of groups using the One-Way ANOVA, only workers that emerged at the destination site in the 3rd instar of larval stage during transportation (Group 3) significantly differentiated (P<0.05) from the others, with a higher FA index. The larval stage underwent more stress due to colony transportation. Beekeepers should take good care of colonies during transportation in order to minimize damages to workers to prevent quality loss of services and products offered by bees.
Kerr frequency comb generation in photonic integrated Ge-As-S chalcogenide microresonators
Authors: Xia Di , Zeng Pingyang , Yang Zelin , Sun Yaodong , Huang Yufei , Pan Jingshun , Song Jingcui , Zhu Ying , Guo Hairun , Zhang Bin , Li Zhaohui
Published: October 2020

Here, we demonstrate dispersion-engineered chalcogenide glasses (ChG)-microresonator with a loaded Q-factor of ~0.5 million. Kerr combs generation is first experimentally demonstrate using the ChG-based micro-resonators.
AKTIVITAS ANTIBAKTERI AIR PERASAN DAN REBUSAN DAUN CALINCING (Oxalis corniculata L.) TERHADAP Streptococcus mutans
Authors: Winastri Ni Luh Arisa Prahastuti , Muliasari Handa , Hidayati Ernin
Published: October 2020

Inappropriate use of antibiotics can cause bacteria to become resistant and have side effects, therefore an alternative source of antibacterial is needed. One species of plant that has antibacterial properties is calincing (Oxalis corniculata L.). Antibacterial activities of the juice and decoction of calincing leaves against Streptococcus mutans have not reported yet. This study aims to determine the antibacterial activity of the juice and decoction of calincing leaves against Streptococcus mutans. This study uses a well diffusion method with eight treatment groups, namely juice and decoction at the concentrations of 20%, 40%, 60%; listerin 100% as a positive control, and distilled water as a negative control. The diameter of the inhibitory zone of the juice and decoction of calincing leaf at a concentration of 20% are 19 mm and 24.33 mm respectively, and classified as strong growth inhibition, while the concentrations of 40% and 60% are classified as very strong growth inhibition. Growth inhibition of the juice and decoction of calincing leaf at concentration of 20% was significantly higher than the positive control. The best antibacterial activity against Streptococcus mutans is produced by the juice and decoction of calincing leaf at concentration of 60%. Increasing in the concentration of the juice or decoction of calincing leaf also increases the diameter of the inhibitory zone.
Sodium and potassium content in sports supplements based on whey protein
Authors: Lisboa Thalles Pedrosa , Sousa Rafael Arromba de
Published: October 2020

Diferentes marcas de três tipos de suplementos esportivos à base de proteína de soro de leite foram avaliadas: 15 do tipo à base de proteína de soro de leite, 4 "hipercalóricos" e 7 barras de proteína. Um procedimento de preparo de amostras foi estudado empregando digestão ácida assistida por micro-ondas para determinar os teores de sódio e potássio usando Espectrometria de Emissão Atômica com Chama (Fotometria de Chama). As concentrações de sódio obtidas variaram na faixa de: 0,30 a 5,9 mg/g, de 0,52 a 2,8 mg/g e de 2,3 a 5,0 mg/g para suplementos a base de proteínas do soro de leite, suplementos hipercalóricos e suplementos em barra de proteína, respectivamente. Enquanto as concentrações de potássio, variaram de: 1,3 a 13 mg/g, de 0,47 a 5,4 mg/g e de 1,7 a 12 mg/g para as mesmas amostras, respectivamente. A razão entre os níveis de sódio e potássio, um parâmetro associado à hipertensão incidente, foi calculada e mostrou que, para algumas amostras, os valores excederam a recomendação da Organização Mundial de Saúde. O método desenvolvido apresentou alta frequência analítica, com boa exatidão e precisão sendo adequado para aplicação em rotinas de controle de qualidade.
Management of Indonesian Language Learning for Foreign Speakers (BIPA) at Islamic Religious Higher Education Institutions (PTKI) in Indonesia and Thailand
Authors: Isnaniah Siti , Islahuddin
Published: October 2020

This study aims to compare the management of Indonesian language learning for foreign speakers (BIPA) at PTKI (Indonesian Language Education/TBI IAIN Surakarta) and the Indonesian Language Concentration (KBI) Department of Malay Language (JBM), Fatoni University (FTU), Thailand from the aspects of the curriculum, institutions, teaching materials, instructors, students, and methods. This study uses a descriptive-analytic method with a qualitative approach. Sources of data are informants (BIPA instructors; BIPA managers; managers of the Indonesian Language Program; Indonesian Language Concentration, Department of Malay Language, Fatoni University of Thailand, and Thai students). The results of the study show that teaching Indonesian abroad and domestically is successful because it is proven by the increasing pace of Indonesian language study by foreigners abroad. This has not only occurred at the institutional level of the BIPA program, but it has also led to majors, such as the Indonesian Language Concentration at the University of Malay Language Department. Fatoni Thailand. Meanwhile, the number of students in the PTKI Indonesian Language Program is increasing annually, and International students are increasingly interested in studying at the PTKI TBI Program. The increasing development of teaching Indonesian domestically and abroad requires ideal learning management (curriculum, instructors, institutions, students, teaching materials, and methods). TBI IAIN Surakarta and KBI JBM FTU Thailand appeared to successfully manage Indonesian language learning, although there are slight differences between the two. In terms of curriculum, instructors, institutions, students, teaching materials, and methods, learning Indonesian at TBI IAIN Surakarta is more comprehensive and ready. Therefore, intensive coordination between the two is needed because both are Islamic-based PTKIs to support the Indonesian language's internationalization by making Indonesian as the host in their own country and honored guests in other countries. This paper provides a broad view of BIPA learning management in Islamic higher education institutions in Southeast Asia because not many Islamic Higher Education Institutions in Southeast Asia have BIPA. Therefore, further studies are required on the developments (R & D) related to curriculum, instructors, institutions, students, teaching materials, and methods.
Notes from the Editors, December 2017
Authors: The Editors -
Published: October 2020

buy this issueIstván Mészáros, who died on October 1 at the age of eighty-six, was a leading Marxist theorist and a frequent contributor to MR. No political philosopher of our age has reached nearly so far in joining philosophy with political-economic critique, or in systematically addressing the question of the movement toward socialism.Click here to purchase a PDF version of this article at the Monthly Review website.
Halaman Sampul
Authors: Editor Editor
Published: October 2020

Cover, Dewan Redaksi, Daftar Isi
Transformasi Wilayah Kepulauan di Metropolitan Jakarta
Authors: Wibisono Hafidz , Musthofa Azis , Kusuma Muhammad Eka , Haryanto Indrawan
Published: October 2020

Jakarta Metropolitan Area (Jakarta, Bogor, Depok, Tangerang, South Tangerang and Bekasi) has experienced rapid development, especially in the past 30 years. Jakarta Metropolitan Development has triggered conversion of agricultural land to urban areas and the development of settlements, especially in the periphery areas. Numerous studies have discussed how the process of transformation of peripheral areas located in the mainland region. However, there is still limited research which discusses the transformation of Kepulauan Seribu Regency, as one of the periphery of Jakarta metropolitan. This study aims to identify the process of regional transformation in Kepulauan Seribu Regency and elaborating on its role of as a periphery of Jakarta Metropolitan Area as well as limitations of regional development in Kepulauan Seribu Regency as an archipelagic region. The study used qualitative method by using a  secondary data and literature studies. This study found that the transformation process in Kepulauan Seribu Regency has not occurred significantly, but an indication of the transformation of Kepulauan Seribu Regency as a tourism-based trade and service area has been identified. On the other hand, limited access and land oriented policies are some of the things that could make the transformation of this area would not as rapid as other periphery in the mainland.
Clinical Probe of Cyp2C8*2 Mutants in a Malaria Hyperendemic Zone: Evidence from North-Central, Nigeria
Authors: Shittu Olalere , Opeyemi Olufunke Adenike , Omotesho Olumuyiwa Babagbemi , Fakayode Oluwatosin , Asogwa Nnaemeka , Adeniyi Opeyemi Margaret , Fatoba Ifeoluwa Margaret , Salawu Kayode Muritala , Ajibaye Olusola , Babamale Olarewaju Abdulkareem , Iyiola Oluyinka Ajibola , Aremu Olusola Isaac
Published: October 2020

Background: A tremendous level of success has been achieved since the introduction of chloroquine and the combination of amodiaquine and artemisinin for the treatment of both complicated and uncomplicated malaria infections in sub-Saharan Africa. However, the recent discovery of drug resistant strains of Plasmodium falciparum (P.f.) and the ability of the parasite to ingest CYP2C8 into its digestive vacuole is of great public health concern. This study probes the occurrence of CYP2C8*2 allelic mutant amongst malaria patients in North-Central Nigeria. Methods: Three hundred and eighty five (385) unrelated study participants were screened for current malaria episodes using routine microscopy and/or rapid diagnostic test strips (RDTs). Chelex extraction method was used for single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and identification of CYP2C8*2 (805A > T) variant respectively. Wild-type (A) and the defective allele (T) were differentiated with the use of Polymerase Chain Reaction-Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism (PCR-RFLP). The results obtained were further validated with Sanger sequencing of a few samples and thereafter, the genotype data were statistically processed. All alleles obtained were in Hardy Weinberg equilibrium. Results: Out of the 385 participants (45.5% Male and 54.5% Female) genotyped for SNPs, 75 (19.5%) had the autosomal recessive mutant trait. Occurrence of mutant traits was gender and ethnic independent (p > 0.05). Yoruba ethnic group recorded a reduction in proportion of genotypic defective CYP2C8*2 allele (T) (1 in every 8 persons) with a carrier percentage of 13.3% compared with Hausa (26.62%); Igbo (25.37%) and other minority ethnic groups (17.6%). Conclusions: A remarkable inter-ethnic differences in autosomal recessive CYP2C8*2 allele was observed. By implication, there is a gradual incursion of genetic drift for poor CQ and AQ-Artemisinin metabolizers among the inhabitants.
Editorial: Introduction to the special issue on English language learning in primary schools
Authors: Del Pilar García Mayo María , Gutierrez-Mangado M. Juncal
Published: October 2020

The early introduction of foreign languages, mainly English, in pre-primary and primary education in different parts of the world is an undisputable fact in today’s world, as clearly illustrated in Enever (2018). One of the reasons for this educational change is the belief in “the earlier the better” notion, which has already been shown not to hold true when linguistic outcomes are assessed in foreign language settings (see García Mayo & García Lecumberri, 2003; Huang, 2015). Age is just one variable among many others that need to be taken into account when assessing child language learning in educational contexts (see Butler, 2019), and that is the reason why more research on identifying those other variables is necessary.
Brazilian air transport demand - a historical vision based on fuzzy approach
Authors: Santos Edison Conde Perez dos , Santos Edison Alves dos , Cosenza Carlos Alberto Nunes , Grecco Claudio Henrique dos Santos
Published: October 2020

In the last fifty years, the air transport industry has undergone profound changes. Such changes could be expected to have caused changes in the demand structure of this important industry. The present study intends to analyze the possibility that this happened on the domestic segment of passengers. The work is based on a historical perspective of the evolution of the structure of this market from the fuzzy logic elaborated using fuzzy dual numbers for studies of planning of the sector, related to the period 2008 to 2015. The data used in the calibration of the model were collected from official sources of statistical information.
Aristotle on the Nature and Politics of Medicine
Authors: Baker Samuel H.
Published: October 2020

According to Aristotle, the medical art aims at health, which is a virtue of the body, and does so in an unlimited way. Consequently, medicine does not determine the extent to which health should be pursued, and “mental health” falls under medicine only viapros henpredication. Because medicine is inherently oriented to its end, it produces health in accordance with its nature and disease contrary to its nature—even when disease is good for the patient. Aristotle’s politician understands that this inherent orientation can be systematically distorted, and so would see the need for something like the HippocraticOath.
Nonlocal fractional semilinear differential inclusions with noninstantaneous impulses and of order α ∈ (1, 2)
Authors: Wang JinRong , Ibrahim Ahmed G. , O’Regan Donal , Elmandouh Adel A.
Published: October 2020

In this paper, we establish the existence of mild solutions for nonlocal fractional semilinear differential inclusions with noninstantaneous impulses of order α ∈ (1,2) and generated by a cosine family of bounded linear operators. Moreover, we show the compactness of the solution set. We consider both the case when the values of the multivalued function are convex and nonconvex. Examples are given to illustrate the theory.
Intrauterine negative-pressure therapy (IU-NPT) to treat peritonitis after caesarean section
Authors: Wulfert Chris-Henrik , Müller Christian Theodor , Abdel-Kawi Ahmed Farouk , Schulze Wolfgang , Schmidt-Seithe Henning , Borstelmann Sonko , Loske Gunnar
Published: October 2020

Objectives

We describe the first application of intrauterine negative-pressure therapy (IU-NPT) for an early rupture of a uterine suture after a third caesarean section with consecutive peritonitis and sepsis. Because all four quadrants were affected by peritonitis, a laparotomy was performed on the 15th day after caesarean section. Abdominal negative-pressure wound therapy (A-NPWT) of the open abdomen was initiated. During the planned relaparotomy, a suture defect of the anterior uterine wall was identified and sutured. In the second relaparotomy, the suture appeared once more insufficient.

Case presentation

For subsequent IU-NPT, we used an open-pore film drainage (OFD) consisting of a drainage tube wrapped in the double-layered film. The OFD was inserted into the uterine cavity via the uterine defect and IU-NPT was established together with A-NPT. With the next relaparotomy, local inflammation and peritonitis had been resolved completely. IU-NPT was continued transvaginally, the uterine defect was sutured, and the abdomen was closed. Vaginal IU-NPT was also discontinued after another eight days.

Conclusions

By using IU-NPT, local infection control of the septic focus was achieved. The infectious uterine secretions were completely evacuated and no longer discharged into the abdominal cavity. As a result of the applied suction, the uterine cavity collapsed around the inlaid OFD. The total duration of IU-NPT was 11 days. The uterine defect was completely closed, and a hysterectomy was avoided. The patient was discharged four days after the end of IU-NPT. IU-NPT follows the same principles as those described for endoscopic negative-pressure wound therapy of the gastrointestinal tract.
Reduction of a 1,4-diazabutadiene and 2,2’-bipyridine using magnesium(I) compounds
Authors: Yuvaraj K. , Jones Cameron
Published: October 2020

β-diketiminate coordinated magnesium(I) compounds, [{(ArNacnac)Mg}2] (ArNacnac = [(ArNCMe)2CH]– (Ar = 2,6-diisopropylphenyl (Dip) or mesityl (Mes)), have been utilized as reducing agents in reactions with the redox active 1,4-diazabutadiene, (Bu
t
NCH)2 (But
DAB), and 2,2’-bipyrine (bipy). These reactions led to one-electron reductions of the unsaturated substrate, and formation of the highly colored radical complexes, [(ArNacnac) Mg(But
DAB•)] and [(MesNacnac)Mg(bipy•)(bipy)]. The X-ray crystal structures of the compounds reveal each to possess one singly reduced But
DAB or bipy ligand.
„Hat nichts mit Wahrheitsfindung zu tun“
Authors: Lübcke Christian
Published: October 2020

Der Kieler Matrosenaufstand von 1918 ist bis heute die größte Meuterei in der deutschen Geschichte. Aus einzelnen Matrosenerhebungen entwickelte sich binnen weniger Tage eine landesweite Revolte in Marine und Heer, die in der Novemberrevolution gipfelte. Die deutsche Militärgeschichtsschreibung hatte jahrzehntelang große Schwierigkeiten mit diesem Ereigniskomplex, wobei das Quellen- und Deutungsmonopol der von Akteuren in Offiziersuniform dominierten amtlichen Kriegshistoriografie stark ins Gewicht fiel. Christian Lübcke kann auf der Basis bislang kaum beachteter Dokumente zeigen, dass in der Weimarer Republik, im Dritten Reich und noch in der jungen Bundesrepublik Sichtweisen dominierten, die wenig mit Wissenschaft, aber umso mehr mit Selbstrechtfertigung, Revisionismus und Apologie zu tun hatten
„Kaiser ohne Kleider“?
Authors: Wirsching Andreas
Published: October 2020

Globalisierung gehört zu den wichtigsten Bewegungsbegriffen unserer Zeit und bedarf einer systematischen Analyse, um wissenschaftlich brauchbar zu sein. Insbesondere stellt das spannungsreiche Verhältnis von Nationalstaat und Globalisierung für die zeitgeschichtliche Forschung eine bedeutende fachliche und methodische Herausforderung dar. Die Zeitgeschichte sollte sie annehmen und über diese wichtige Thematik in einen Dialog mit den Sozialwissenschaften treten. Der Artikel plädiert für einen engeren Globalisierungs-Begriff, der die jüngeren Entwicklungen von früheren Jahrhunderten unterscheidet und um 1970 ansetzt. In dieser Zeit begann die Globalisierung als ein politisches Projekt der westlichen Industriestaaten, angeführt von den USA. Seit den 1990er Jahren veränderte sie grundlegend die Raumvorstellungen der Nationalstaaten. Die Verflüssigung nationaler Grenzen wurde in längerfristige nationale Traditionen eingeordnet, was erhebliche Unterschiede in den jeweiligen nationalen Haltungen zur Globalisierung erzeugte.
Summary justice or the King's will? The first case of formal facial mutilation from Anglo-Saxon England
Authors: Cole Garrard , Ditchfield Peter W. , Dulias Katharina , Edwards Ceiridwen J. , Reynolds Andrew , Waldron Tony
Published: October 2020

Intentional facial disfigurement is documented in archaeological contexts around the world. Here, the authors present the first archaeological evidence for intentional facial mutilation from Anglo-Saxon England—comprising the removal of the nose, upper lip and possible scalping—inflicted upon a young adult female. The injuries are consistent with documented punishments for female offenders. Although such mutilations do not appear in the written record until the tenth century AD, the instance reported here suggests that the practice may have emerged a century earlier. This case is examined in the context of a wider consideration of the motivations and significance of facial disfigurement in past societies.
Effects of Magnesium Supplementation on Muscle Soreness and Performance
Authors: Reno Alyssum M. , Green Matt , Killen Lauren G. , O'Neal Eric K. , Pritchett Kelly , Hanson Zella
Published: October 2020

Reno, AM, Green, M, Killen, LG, O'Neal, EK, Pritchett, K, and Hanson, Z. Effects of magnesium supplementation on muscle soreness and performance. J Strength Cond Res 36(8): 2198–2203, 2022—This double-blind, between-group study examined effects of magnesium (Mg) supplementation (350 mg·d−1, 10 days) on muscle soreness and performance. College-aged male (n = 9) and female (n = 13) subjects completed baseline and posttreatment eccentric bench press sessions inducing fatigue/soreness followed by performance sessions (total volume and repetitions to failure [RTF] [65, 75, and 85% of 1 repetition maximum]) 48 hours later with perceptual measures. Subjects estimated soreness using a Delayed Onset of Muscle Soreness scale by striking a vertical line on a 6-cm horizontal line (at 24, 36, and 48 hours post trial) from 0—no soreness to 6—intolerable soreness. Results are presented as means ± SD (alpha ≤0.05). Mg significantly reduced (∼1–2 units lower on a 6-point scale) muscle soreness from the baseline eccentric to postintervention trial 24, 36, and 48 hours with no significant change for placebo (Pla) group. Performance approached significance for total RTF (p = 0.06) and 65 and 75% RTF (p = 0.08) (Mg vs. Pla). Perceptual responses for session rating of perceived exertion and acute rating of perceived exertion were significant for Mg (5.1 ± 2.4 to 4.1 ± 2.0) vs. Pla (5.0 ± 1.8 to 5.5 ± 1.6). Perceived recovery after supplementation was improved vs. baseline for Mg (5.4 ± 2.2 to 7.5 ± 2.3) but not for Pla (6.2 ± 2.4 to 7.2 ± 3.3). Results show significantly reduced muscle soreness, session rating of perceived exertion, acute rating of perceived exertion, and improved perceived recovery after Mg (vs. Pla) supplementation and some evidence for positive performance impact.
Acute Resistance Exercise Reduces Postprandial Lipemia and Oxidative Stress in Resistance-Trained Men
Authors: McAllister Matthew J. , Steadman Kambri S. , Renteria Liliana I. , Case Marcus J. , Butawan Matthew B. , Bloomer Richard J. , McCurdy Kevin W.
Published: October 2020

McAllister, MJ, Steadman, KS, Renteria, LI, Case, MJ, Butawan, MB, Bloomer, RJ, and McCurdy, KW. Acute resistance exercise reduces postprandial lipemia and oxidative stress in resistance-trained men. J Strength Cond Res 36(8): 2139–2146, 2022—Acute ingestion of a high-fat meal (HFM) results in significant increases in postprandial triacylglycerols (TAG) and markers of oxidative stress (OS). Combined aerobic and resistance exercise can attenuate postprandial lipemia; however, it is not clear if acute resistance exercise alone can reduce postprandial OS. The purpose of this study was to determine if acute resistance exercise can attenuate postprandial OS and to compare the effects of moderate versus high-intensity resistance exercise in this regard. Nine (n = 9) moderately resistance-trained individuals completed 3 testing conditions in a randomized order as follows: (a) rest (no exercise), (b) moderate intensity (3 sets of 10 repetitions at 68% 1 repetition maximum [RM]), and (c) high-intensity resistance exercise (4 sets of 6 repetitions at 85% 1RM). Exercises included barbell back squat, bench press, straight leg deadlift, lat pull-down, upright row, and sit-ups. A HFM was ingested 12 hours after each condition. Blood samples were collected immediately before as well as 2 and 4 hours after ingestion and analyzed for TAG, cholesterol (CHOL), insulin, malondialdehyde (MDA), total nitrate/nitrite (NOx), glutathione (GSH), and advanced oxidation protein products (AOPP). When comparing 4 hour area under curve (AUC) data between conditions, AOPP demonstrated a significantly lower AUC after the moderate-intensity condition compared with resting condition. In addition, resistance exercise resulted in significantly higher plasma NOx concentrations as well as lower TAG and CHOL concentrations after HFM ingestion. Resistance exercise also prevented a decline in GSH that was induced by the HFM. These results demonstrate that acute resistance exercise can attenuate postprandial OS.
The Jeweled Jurist
Authors: Pilipow Ryan
Published: October 2020

In this article, I argue that the Collatio legum Mosaicarum et Romanarum is a persuasive legal text composed in the late antique aesthetic, “the Jeweled Style.” Though the Collatio has been strongly criticized for its apparent lack of sophistication, it represents a legal, textual practice in which the author created an intricate legal display by compiling quotations from the Pentateuch and from Roman legal material. The Jeweled Style, with its themes of juxtaposition, discontinuity, and referentiality, is a useful lens to view the Collatio because it helps us appreciate the aesthetic priorities of the author of the Collatio. Having acknowledged the Jeweled Style in the Collatio, I employ James Boyd White's notion of law as “constitutive rhetoric” to explain why an artistic aesthetic would appear in legal practice. In White's definition, law is an argumentative practice composed in culturally specific settings. These settings condition the practice of law so much so that, when we analyze legal texts, we should be sensitive to their cultural contexts.
“She Acted with Arrogance”
Authors: Turner Aimee
Published: October 2020

This article investigates the characterization of women in Orosius' Historiae adversus paganos, a subject long overlooked. The Historiae enjoyed great popularity among medieval and renaissance scholars, and the way in which Orosius portrayed women had lasting literary influence. The representation of women as exempla is also intrinsically tied into the historiographical and biographical traditions of classical Latin literature, requiring examination of both Orosius' text and the classical influences that shape his work. This article begins by analyzing selected representations of women in Orosius' Historiae and then use these representations as a focus to explore his adaptation of the classical tradition.