bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Oryzalin delays germination and induces putative polyploidy plants in local North Sumatra garlic (Allium sativum L.)
Authors: Rodiansah A , Sinuraya M , Hanafiah D S
Published: October 2023

Oryzalin is anti-mitotic herbicide. It has been used to induce polyploidy in several plants. The aim of this study was to determine the effectiveness of oryzalin in inducing polyploids and its physiological effects on North Sumatran local garlic (Allium sativum L.) germination. This study used a factorial completely randomized block design (CRBD). The first factor was oryzalin concentration with 5 treatment levels, namely R1 (0 µM), R2 (100 µM), R3(200 µM), R4 (300 µM) and R5 (400 µM). The second was soaking duration, consisting of H1 (24 hours) and H2 (48 hours). The parameters observed were percentage of germination and sprout morphology, observed at 1 and 3 weeks after treatment. The collected data were processed using ANOVA and if they were significantly different, it was continued with the DMRT test at a 5% significant level. The results showed that oryzalin suppressed garlic germination in the first week, but the effect disappeared and there was no significant difference in germination percentage at 3 weeks after soaking. Treatment with 200 µM for 48 hours and 400 µM oryzalin for 24 hours induced putative polyploidy garlic, the morphological shoot showed higher and thicker leaves than control.
The effect of various natural growth regulatory substances and the origin of stem cuttings on the vegetative growth of white jasmine (Jasminum sambac L.)
Authors: Agustinur  , Harahap E J , Lizmah S F , Muslimah Y , Irfan B
Published: October 2023

Jasmine is a native plant of the archipelago in Indonesia. Jasmine (Jasminum sambac L.) is a plant that has many ingredients, including as an ornamental plant, the chemical content of jasmine flowers, namely indole, benzyl, livalyacetat, is believed to be able to treat diseases such as headaches, shortness of breath, fever, excess breast milk and eye pain. Shallot extract is one of the natural growth regulators, namely the auxin group which contains indole and naphthalene compounds which function to stimulate the development of adventitious root meristems. Bean sprouts are one type of vegetable that is commonly used for consumption, easy to obtain, has economic value, and does not have toxic compounds. Bean sprout extract contains growth regulators, namely auxins and cytokinins. Based on the research results, it was found that the concentrations of various natural growth regulators were significantly different with respect to the number of shoots, shoot length, and number of leaves. The best treatment of natural growth regulators was found in shallot extract 50% (Z2). The type of cutting material differed significantly with the number of shoots, shoot length, and number of leaves. The best cutting material treatment was found in the middle of the branch (B2).
Performances of 34 shallot accessions in Lembang highland
Authors: Saadah I R , Pinilih J , Faoji N , Azmi C , Soedomo P
Published: October 2023

Identification of the appearance of shallot accession is needed in the selection of new superior varieties of shallots. Therefore, performance identification of shallot accessions from various parental backgrounds was carried out. Thirty-four shallot accessions were planted on open land in Lembang highlands (1250 m asl) from May to September 2022. The performance of shallot plants was observed starting from percentage of flowering, number of tillers, plant fresh weight, bulb dry weight, weight loss, bulb number, weight, height and diameters of bulbs and cloves. The data were analysed descriptively. The results showed that there were 11 accessions with 100% flowering percentage, 10 accessions with more than 5 tillers per plant, 5 accessions with weight loss potential of less than 40%, 3 accessions with more than 10 bulbs per plant, 6 accessions with bulb weight more than 10 grams, 11 accessions with bulb diameter more than 2.5 cm and 6 accessions with clove diameter more than 2.5 cm. There were 2 accessions that have a combination of superior traits, namely accessions BLK and C89.
Production of biomass and flavonoids in black cumin tissue culture
Authors: Jannah M , Damanik R I
Published: October 2023

As an herbal plant, the many parts of black cumin are able to cope with various kinds of diseases including viruses. The need to provide bioactive ingredients in that time short is not accompanied by the availability of land and germplasm. With the existence of these problems, tissue culture techniques can be used to addressing the tissue. Callus culture is a heterotrophic cultivation. By paying attention to the large content of secondary metabolite compounds useful ones can be produced through callus induction techniques. Currently, the study has started using MS media, and modification of the type of tissue culture media by adding Picloram of 1 ppm combination with GA3 of 2 ppm can increased the percentage of callus growth. likewise affects the formation of phenolic and flavonoid content of black cumin callus.
Does the COVID-19 epidemic impact on economic sustainability of big agricultural firms in Indonesia?
Authors: Ika S R , Nugroho R A , Santoso B A , Takril N F , Widagdo A K
Published: October 2023

The current research seeks to determine whether the economic sustainability of large agricultural firms in Indonesia be affected by the COVID-19 epidemic. The agricultural sector’s economic sustainability assures the food supply chain, which ultimately maintains the nation’s food security. In the current research, big agricultural companies are represented by those listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) in two consecutive years, 2019 and 2020. Meanwhile, economic sustainability refers to companies’ business performance, which is assessed by some financial ratios, namely the Altman Z-model for forecasting financial difficulties, liquidity, profitability, and leverage. The Altman Z-model is utilized to identify whether the monetary soundness of the business is good, in a precautionary situation, or in bad shape. Surprisingly, our data analysis shows an increase in the sample company’s Z score, liquidity, and profitability from 2019 to 2020. The average Altman Z-score indicates that big agricultural companies are financially healthy. The outcomes of the paired samples t test indicate no disparity in the economic performance of Indonesia’s largest agricultural firms. This study provides evidence that large agricultural companies are resilient in fighting the COVID-19 pandemic.
Impact of COVID-19 pandemic on the poverty status of cassava farmers in the Wonogiri Regency, Indonesia
Authors: Arbianti  , Rahayu E S , Sutrisno J
Published: October 2023

International extreme poverty increased in 2020 as the disruption of the COVID-19 pandemic under the power of conflict and climate change slowed progress in poverty reduction. Wonogiri Regency is the largest cassava producer in Central Java, with a poverty rate of 11.55% in 2021. This study aims to determine the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the poverty status of cassava farmers in the Wonogiri Regency. The analysis method uses the Fosteer-Greer-Thorbecke (FGT) index and logistic regression. The analysis showed a poverty index of cassava farmers of 0.254, a poverty gap index of 0.095, and a poverty severity index of 0.036. COVID-19 had an impact on increasing the poverty of cassava farmers. Factors affecting the poverty status of cassava farmers, in addition to COVID-19, are education, farming experience, land area, and farmer group membership. The implication is that it is necessary to increase the intensity of counseling for cassava farming, maximize the participation of farmer groups, use of non-productive land, and regenerate highly educated and quality farmers. The government is expected to stabilize the price of production inputs and selling prices of cassava and establish an agro-industry in farmer groups to increase incomes and reduce the poverty of cassava farmers.
Environmentally friendly method in determining the water content of coffee by NIR Spectroscopy
Authors: Ayu P C , Sebayang N U W , Sinamo K N
Published: October 2023

Coffee quality could be determined from several aspects, one of those is the water content inside. Along the storage, it must be low and for coffee export it must be below 12.5%. Nowadays, the determination of water content is conducted by the chemical method like the gravimetry method which spend time, destructive also can not represent all of the products. Therefore, it is not in line with the industries which need an actual measurement that could measure all of the products nondestructively and also keep considering the environment. This study aimed to develop a PLS model to determine the water content of green bean coffee, nondestructively. This study used green bean coffee from several region in Indonesia with a high range data concentration (7.18% - 12.16%), a NIR wavelength of 1000-2500 nm, followed by determination of water content using gravimetry method. After that, the NIR data was processed using data pretreatment such as normalization, first derivative, second derivative, multiple scatter correction and standard normal variate and followed by the calibration using PLS and validation. Result showed that NIR spectroscopy could be used to calculate the percentage of water inside coffee beans, indicated by high R value above 0.8% and high consistency above 90%.
Volatile compounds of grapefruit (Citrus Grandis (L.) Osbeck) peel essential oil by cold pressing and hydrodistillation methods
Authors: Tran T H , Dao T P , Le X T , Huynh B L , Minh L T N
Published: October 2023

The study of the essential oils (EOs) extraction with high medicinal properties is necessary to contribute to the use of natural compounds. By using cold pressing and hydrodistillation methods, the content of grapefruit peel (Citrus grandis (L.) Osbeck) EOs was extracted. The chemical components of EOs was determined by GC-MS method. Results have shown that 10-12 compounds were detected in the grapefruit peel EOs, which are mainly monoterpenes such as D-Limonene (71.21%-74.83% and γ-Terpinene (15.70%-17.68%). The findings from the present study demonstrated a new research direction on chemical composition of the grapefruit EO, thereby contributing to applications ofthe natural compounds with high medicinal properties from grapefruit.
Development of sustainable arabica coffee fermentation using yeast starter
Authors: Mardhatilah D , Padama F , Ngatirah
Published: October 2023

This research aims to improve the quality of fermented coffee products, especially in environments with poor quality due to pollution, so that they have limited good microflora. Giving yeast in this study aims to add good microflora in coffee processing. This study used yeast variations and variations in the length of fermentation time to determine their effect on the chemical and organoleptic processes of coffee with the full wash processing method. The design used was a two-factor completely randomized block design. The first factor is yeast concentration in three levels, namely A1 (1%), A2 (3%), A3 (5%). The second factor is fermentation time, B1 (18 hours), B2 (24 hours) and B3 (30 hours). The results showed that there was a significant effect between yeast concentration and fermentation time on the decrease in acidity and sweetness. Fermentation time of 30 hours has a significant effect on reducing sugar and caffeine in coffee. Based on the organoleptic test using the specialty coffee association (SCA), the highest score was obtained at the concentration of 3% yeast addition and 24 hours of fermentation time with a score of 7.18.
Characterization of the addition of crude extract of yellow pumpkin (Cucurbita maschata) as a natural coloring agent in seaweed wet noodles
Authors: Bungsu M A , Tahir M M , Zainal  , Rahmaniar
Published: October 2023

The use of pumpkin as a food ingredient can also support government programs to diversify food consumption that is diverse, nutritious, and balanced. Besides containing carbohydrates, pumpkin is also rich in vitamins, especially vitamins A and C which are antioxidants. Carotenoids in pumpkin such as beta-carotene of 1187.23 g/g. It can replace of dye methanil yellow in making seaweed wet noodles. This research was conducted to determine the effect of solvent concentration and extraction time using the Microwave Assisted Extraction (MAE) method using ethanol with solvent concentrations of 75%, 85%, and 95%. The duration of extraction used was 30 minutes, 60 minutes, and 90 minutes. The parameters observed were moisture content, the color of pumpkin extract, the yield of pumpkin extract, and the density of pumpkin extract. This research was conducted 3 times for replication. The study’s findings indicated that the relationship between solvent concentration and extraction time both a single factor of solvent concentration and extraction time also had a significant effect on the color of pumpkin extract, yield, and density of pumpkin extract. The extraction using the Microwave Assisted Extraction (MAE) method resulted in a color of 65.56 (b*), a yield of 63.58%, and a density of 48.41g/cm3.
Antioxidant, total phenolic content and physicochemical properties of modified cassava flour
Authors: Khasanah Y , Indrianingsih A W , Triwitono P , Murdiati A
Published: October 2023

This study aimed to evaluate the antioxidant activity, phenolic content, and nutritional properties of the yellow cassava variety called Adira. Sample was freeze dried cassava (cassava); oven dried cassava (cassava flour) and modified cassava flour (mocaf). Antioxidant properties of the extracts were evaluated using a DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picryl-hydrazyl) assay and phenolic content using the Folin-Ciocalteu method. Nutritional properties such as water, ash, protein, lipid, and carbohydrate were analyzed. Antioxidant activity was 25.03%, 30,37%, and 31.23% for cassava, cassava flour, and mocaf respectively and in line with phenolic content mocaf had the highest total phenolic content of 3.46 mg/g GAE. Carbohydrate was the major content in Adira mocaf of > 85%, while the other content was protein of 1.44 % - 2.41 %, ash of 2.21 % - 2.85 %, and lipid of 0.04 % - 0.10 %. Analysis by the FTIR (Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy) analysis presented the OH group which may have been generated from phenolic and flavonoids compounds in the mocaf.
Alcohol content and chemical characteristics of fermented beverages in Aceh Province-Indonesia
Authors: Muzaifa M , Abubakar Y , Safrida  , Nilda C , Sapitri M
Published: October 2023

Kefir and kombucha are known as healthy functional drinks, but the issue of alcohol content still needs to be a concern. Although kombucha and kefir are not categorized as khamr (liquor), the Indonesian Ulema Council (MUI) Fatwa No. 10 of 2018 has stipulated that the alcohol content in fermented beverages is below 0.5%. This research aims to analyze the quality and alcohol content of kefir and kombucha produced by several producers in Aceh Province. A total of 12 samples of fermented beverages were obtained from kefir and kombucha producers. Parameters analyzed were alcohol content, total phenolic compound (TPC) and pH. The results showed that the alcohol content of the fermented beverage obtained ranged from 0.21-0.71%, TPC 0.15-0.81 mg GAE/ml and pH 2.6-4.47. As much as 75% of kombucha samples and 100% of kefir samples contain alcohol above 0.5%. It is necessary to control the alcohol content of fermented beverages so that they can meet sharia and health rules.
Oleamide as palm-oil based substance for silica-loaded styrene butadiene rubber compound: The cure and crosslinks behaviors
Authors: Surya I , Marpongahtun  , Hayeemasae N
Published: October 2023

Oleamide is an amide substance that can be made from oleic acid of palm oil with urea. Since palm oil is a type of agriculture product, the oleamide is an environment-friendly or (semi) sustainability additive for rubber compounding. In this research, the oleamide was applicated in making the silica-loaded of synthetic rubber, styrene butadiene rubber (SBR) at an opened two-roll mills. In this study, effects of oleamide incorporations on cure and level of crosslinks of silica-SBR compounds were observed. The SBR was loaded with thirty parts per hundred (phr) of SBR and, they and other compounding substances i.e., stearic acid, zinc oxide, antioxidant, accelerator, antioxidant and sulphur were compounded with semi-efficient formulation. The oleamide was incorporated with a series of amounts from 2 to 8 phr. It was found that the oleamide incorporations exhibited faster times in cure and scorching; The oleamide also exhibited a lifting up of delta torque and crosslinks level for the silica-SBR compound. The 2 phr incorporation of oleamide to silica-SBR was the optimum concentration which exhibited the greatest delta torque and level of crosslinks of silica-SBR vulcanizate.
Analysis of antioxidant activity of balakka barks and fruits (Phyllanthus emblica) from South Tapanuli
Authors: Addina S , Harahap E S
Published: October 2023

Balakka (Phyllanthus emblica Linn.) is a plant usually found in the South Tapanuli area, specifically in the Padangsidimpuan district. The people of South Tapanuli consume balakka bark as an addition to the “Holat” dishes. Balakka, especially the fruit part, has been widely studied to have various bioactivity useful for health, such as antioxidants, antidiabetic, anticancer, and others. Therefore, this research changed to decide the distinction in the antioxidant activity of the fruit and bark extracts of balakka, which have been extracted with the use of distinct solvents, which are polar (ethanol) and non-polar (N-Hexane) solvents. DPPH method carried out antioxidant activity analysis. The outcomes confirmed that the exceptional solvents used affected the antioxidant activity of the fruit and bark of balakka extract. The antioxidant activity of balakka fruit extracted using ethanol was greater than that of balakka fruit extracted using N-Hexane with an IC50 of 729.66 ± 117.03 ppm. Likewise, the balakka bark extracted using ethanol was larger than the bark extracted using N-Hexane with an IC50 of 1830.23 ± 656.54 ppm. This study concludes that the different solvents used to affect the antioxidant activity produced.
Development of a gel spray formulation based on banana peel (Musa paradisiaca L.) as an approach to support environmental sustainability
Authors: Rizka R , Yuandani  , Sumaiyah
Published: October 2023

Barangan banana’s peel (Musa paradisiaca L.) is one of the most common by-products that are usually disposed in small and large quantities which can cause a serious environmental problem. Spray gel is a type of pharmaceutical preparation that is practical in use. This study aimed to formulate a spray gel preparation from the extract of barangan banana’s peel as an antibacterial agent. Barangan banana’s peel extract was formulated into a spray gel preparation with varying concentrations of F1 (10%), F2 (15%), and F3 (20%). Organoleptic evaluation, homogeneity, pH, viscosity, and centrifuge test were carried out. In the antimicrobial activity test, the barangan banana’s peel extract had inhibition zone diameters of 12.0 and 12.3 mm against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus, respectively. All formulas have stable organoleptic, homogeneity, pH, viscosity, and centrifugation. Additionally, the formulation showed no sign of skin irritation at 24, 48, or 72 hours after the test material of the rabbits. Therefore, it was concluded that spray gel containing banana peel extract could be a very viable option for developing a novel antibacterial agent that is environmentally friendly and may help reducing waste problem.
The effect of dispensing biochar of palm oil empty bunches and palm oil fronds on the population of soil organisms
Authors: Lubis N A , Hidayat B , Sabrina T , Helmi
Published: October 2023

Palm oil waste can be utilized as biochar. This was aimed to examine the effect of giving biochar empty palm bunches (EPB) and palm fronds (PF) on soil organism populations for 2 weeks, 4 weeks, 6 weeks, and 8 weeks. This research was conducted at PT. Perkebunan Nusantara IV Bah Jambi unit plantation with Inceptisol soil type. This research used a randomized design of non-factorial groups with treatment without biochar, biochar EPB, and biochar PF. The results showed that the highest population of organisms was found in the PF biochar, followed by biochar EPB the treatment without biochar had the lowest population. The population of bacteria and macro fauna above ground level on treatment with biochar increased from the 2nd to 6th week, and fungi populations decreased on biochar treatments from 2nd to 6th week of observations. The population of subsurface soil macro fauna increased from the 4th to the 8th week on treatment with biochar. Meanwhile, without biochar, the growth of soil organisms didn’t show significant changes. The highest soil respiration was obtained in the EPB biochar treatment, followed by PF biochar and subsequently without biochar treatment. Soil respiration increased every week until the 8th week.
Economic feasibility and development strategy of jabon (Anthocephalus cadamba) cultivation in urban areas to meet the needs of timber and green open space
Authors: Purwoko A , Priyanto  , Manalu C , Daulay U A
Published: October 2023

Rapid population growth causes the demand for wood to increase. On the other hand, the city’s need for a minimum of 30% green open space is still far from enough. One of the solutions to meet the demand for wood and the lack of good green open space is the development of plantation forest cultivation. One of the fast-growing species to be developed in urban areas is jabon (Anthocephalus cadamba). This study aims to determine the value and economic feasibility as well as strategies for developing sustainable jabon cultivation businesses in urban areas. The analytical method used is quantitative descriptive analysis in the form of economic value assessment, business feasibility analysis, and SWOT analysis. The results showed that the economic value of Jabon plantations aged 3-5 years was IDR 40,083,106/ha (USD 2,626.7/ha). The business feasibility test resulted in an NPV value of IDR -38,474,957 (USD -2,520), an IRR value of 0.8%, and a BCR of 0.262, and all three were included in the “not feasible” category. Based on the SWOT analysis, the business position is in quadrant I. An offensive development strategy is suggested by optimizing the strengths and opportunities that are owned so that the cultivation of jabon plants can be attractive as a financially viable business and increase green open spaces in urban areas.
Forest integrated assessment, biodiversity and carbon stocks analysis in Konsu Mandiri Sejahtera (KMS) social forestry, Lamandau, Indonesia
Authors: Maimunah S , Martius  , Iswadi  , Lubis AFP , Amin AM , Fathurrahman A , Samek J H , Supriyanto B
Published: October 2023

PT Bumitama Gunajaya Agro (BGA) is a great oil palm corporation that has ideas of assisting communities in community groups to maintain their forests in a sustainable and socioeconomically profitable manner as is done in Konsu Mandiri Sejahtera (KMS). The activities carried out include training to collecting the potential data of the forest, non timber forest product potential, forest benefits, biodiversity, ecosystem services including carbon calculation. Through this activity, it is hoped that there will be a transfer of knowledge with the hope that managers will have competence in identifying and managing biodiversity. This research reports the number of carbon stock, wood volume, tree density, biodiversity values and forest benefits indices for KMS forest. The results showed that the forest usefulness for the community. The condition of the existing forest is partly illegally cleared by the community for agriculture, which is still forested only in areas with rugged topographic conditions, with good forest conditions. The wildlife encountered is very diverse and encounter in the form of footprints, hearing, seeing, nests and feces. KMS forest has some directly beneficial and culturally beneficial/local wisdom and potentially developed by PT BGA collaboration in terms of forest conservation and improving the welfare of communities.
Physical properties of five species of twigs from mangrove forest
Authors: Nuryawan A , Syahputra R S , Risnasari I
Published: October 2023

The physical characteristics of the twigs of five different species of mangrove, including moisture content (MC), density, and specific gravity, have been studied. Using gravimetric analysis, the procedures were measured in accordance with ASTM D4442 and D2395, respectively. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used for the statistical analysis, using complete random design with two factors, namely 1) presence of bark (with and without bark) and 2) species of the mangroves, consisted of Buta-buta (Excoeceria agallocha), Api-api (Avicenia marina), Bakau hitam (Rhizopora mucronata), Bakau minyak (Rhizopora apiculata), dan Mata buaya (Bruguera sexangula). Additionally, the Duncan Multiple Range Test was used to assess how the samples differed from one another. Results of this study revealed that twigs have had higher MC with presence of bark and the value showed up to 86%. Density of the samples showed a same tendency with the specific gravity however the measurement values were higher than those of the literatures presumably because of the presence of water, bark, and the irregular form of the twigs. From this point, utilization of the twigs was still limited because of the variation of the properties.
Phytoplankton abundance and trophic status of Belawan Waters, North Sumatra
Authors: Ginting T A , Barus T A , Wahyuningsih H
Published: October 2023

Belawan is a district of Medan City and one of estuary areas in North Sumatra that is currently facing pollution due to anthropogenic activities. The study analysed the abundance of phytoplankton and assessed the marine trophic status of Belawan waters to determine the possibility of eutrophication caused by human activities. Water samples were collected from four sampling stations in October 2020: a ship dock (Station-1), a fishery (Station-2), a mangrove area (Station-3), and an estuarine region (Station-4). The abundance of phytoplankton was analysed under a light microscope, and the trophic status of Belawan waters was determined using the Tropical Index for Marine Systems (TRIX), which considers factors such as chlorophyll a content, oxygen saturation, nitrogen, and phosphorus content. The phytoplankton abundance was found to range from 160 ind/L at the ship dock (Station-1) to 241 ind/L at the fishery (Station-2) site. The results indicated a high fertility (hypereutrophic) with a TRIX value greater than 6.0 at both the ship dock (Station-1) and the fishery site (Station-2) in Belawan waters.
Bioeconomic analysis of mackerel resources management (Rastrelliger sp.) at Malacca Strait, Serdang Bedagai Regency, Sumatera Utara
Authors: Hasibuan J S , Ramadan M R , Desrita  , Manurung V R , Susetya I E , Sabila P S , Dewinta A F
Published: October 2023

Mackerel (Rastrelliger sp.) is one of the main catch fisheries at Malacca Strait Serdang Bedagai, Sumatera Utara. This research aims to estimate mackerel (Rastrelliger sp.) resource potential with a bioeconomic model for mackerel resources sustainability landed at Tanjung Beringin. This research was conducted in July – September 2021. The method of research used the purposive sampling method. The surplus production method to estimate the Maximum Sustainable Potential (MSY) and the Gordon Schaefer Bioeconomic Model. The total sample fish of Indian mackerel were 272 individuals. The research showed bioeconomic analysis with Schaefer’s surplus production model approach shows that the optimum production rate is 359 tons and the optimum effort is 12148 trips. The Mackerel resources indicate to be biological overfishing.
The growth of the seaweed Sargassum plagiophyllum using different planting distance
Authors: Hardamin  , Aslan L O M , Iba W , Aslin L O , Ruslaini  , Balubi M
Published: October 2023

Planting distance, a distance between seaweed clumps, has become an important part to increase growth for seaweed cultivation. However, there are very few studies related to the planting distance (PD) of Sargassum plagiophyllum done in Indonesia. In this study, three different PDs: 10, 15 and 20 cm were used as treatments with 3 replications. The results showed that 20-cm PDs had higher Daily Growth Rate (DGR) than those of other two treatments. The highest growth rate of S. plagiophyllum for 36 days experiment was found in 20-cm PD (4.95 ± 0.97%/day). It was followed by 15-cm PD (4.18 ± 1.32%/day) and 10-cm (3.28 ± 0.91%/day), respectively. The mean DGRs obtained in this study were higher than those of a study of Sargassum culture done in Indonesia and an international standard of DGR.
Study of broiler chicken performance with different lighting time and vitamin B-Complex doses in close house
Authors: Hasibuan K S , Tafsin M , Umar S
Published: October 2023

This study was conducted to analyze the performance of broiler chickens after receiving different exposure times and doses of vitamin B complex injection in a close house. Broiler chickens reared from DOC will get different lighting treatment and dose of vitamin B complex injection from 15 to 31 days of age. The treatments were N1 (24 hours), N2 (22 hours) and N3 (20 hours) while the doses of vitamin B complex were given at V0 (0.0 cc), V1 (0.5 cc), V2 (1 0.0 cc), and V3 (1.0 + vitamin A D E, 0.2 cc). Chickens will be placed in research plots each containing 36 birds with a separate plot design method. The results obtained in the analysis of feed consumption and body weight gain showed a very significant effect, FCR and IP did not show a significant effect and with dose treatment did not show a significant interaction. The conclusions obtained is to achieve maximum performance in broiler rearing, 24-hour lighting is needed, which can affect feed consumption and body weight gain of chickens. There is no stress effect so that the injection of vitamin B complex does not really need to be given into the chicken’s body.
Giving earthworm flour (Lumbricus rubellus) to the total population of Salmonella sp. in the small intestine of super native chickens infected with Salmonella sp
Authors: Mirwandhono E , Sihotang H W , Br Ketaren N , Hasnudi  , Wahyuni T H , Nasution M I A
Published: October 2023

Salmonella is a zoonotic infectious disease. Giving antibiotics to control this disease can result in residues so that microbes become resistant. This study aims to determine the ability of earthworm flour (Lumbricus rubellus) in controlling the growth of Salmonella sp. This study used a completely randomized design (CRD) with five treatments and six replications. The treatment composed of control (P0), infection without antibiotics (P1), infection + Trimezyn-S (P2), infection + 50 mg earthworm meal (P3), and infection + 100 mg earthworm flour (P4). The results showed that giving earthworm flour (Lumbricus rubellus) as much as 100 mg resulted in the growth of Salmonella sp. lower and can compensate for the administration of Trimezyn-S antibiotics in super native chickens.
Hybrid office work in women and men: do directly measured physical behaviors differ between days working from home and days working at the office?
Authors: Wahlström Viktoria , Januario Leticia Bergamin , Mathiassen Svend Erik , Heiden Marina , Hallman David M
Published: October 2023

Objective

We investigated and compared temporal sitting patterns among male and female hybrid office workers when working at the office (WAO), working from home (WFH), and for non-working days (NWD).

Methods

We analyzed data collected in 2020 among 165 hybrid office workers, carrying thigh-worn accelerometers for 938 days in total. Day type (WAO, WFH, or NWD) and time in bed were identified using diaries. Time awake was exhaustively classified as non-sitting time and time sitting in short, moderate, and long bouts. Effects of day type and gender on the 24-h compositions of physical behaviors were analyzed using multilevel linear mixed models.

Results

During workdays (both WAO and WFH), workers spent less time in bed and more time sitting, particularly in moderate and long bouts, than during NWD. Time in bed was longer when working from home than when working at the office, and more of the awake time was spent sitting. Differences between WAO and WFH in ratios between short, moderate, and long bouts of sitting were small and inconsistent. Men spent more time sitting than women, and more time in moderate and long sitting bouts relative to short bouts.

Conclusions

When working from home, hybrid office workers sat more during their hours awake compared to when working at the office. Sitting time was larger during working days than during non-working days and was higher in men than in women. These results may contribute to support organizational policies for hybrid work.
Laboratory study of the effectiveness of substituting traditional wheat flour with low dust flour and use of different sieve designs as controls to reduce exposure to inhalable flour dust in commercial bakeries
Authors: Pocock Dominic , Hall Samantha , Bennett Steven , Darnton Lucy , Molloy Marian
Published: October 2023

Exposure to flour dust remains one of the leading causes of occupational asthma in Great Britain (GB). The average annual incidence rate per 100,000 bakers and flour confectioners in GB was 47.8 for the 3 yr period 2017 to 2019 compared with 0.53 for all occupations. There are many processes in commercial bakeries that can cause exposure to flour dust. Exposures are typically controlled by using local exhaust ventilation or respiratory protective equipment. The aim of this study was to evaluate the potential to reduce exposure to inhalable flour dust in commercial bakeries by modification of the process by use of a conical sieve in place of a round sieve; and substitution of traditional wheat flour (TWF) with ‘low dust’ flours LD1 and LD2 for dusting surfaces. Two simulated commercial bakery tasks were performed in a laboratory whilst dust exposures were measured in the breathing zone of the operator using an Institute of Occupational Medicine (IOM) sampler, button sampler and a real-time direct reading monitor. Analysis of variance tests were used to assess whether differences in mean exposures were statistically significant with the different control approaches. A qualitative visual exposure assessment was also undertaken using Tyndall illumination. Substituting TWF with LD1 and LD2 reduced exposure to inhalable flour dust by 86% and 53% respectively when sieving and by 78% and 67% respectively when filling a hopper. There was no statistically significant difference between dust emissions for all 3 flours when using the conical sieve instead of the round sieve for flour dusting tasks. This laboratory study has shown that substituting TWF with low-dust flour may reduce inhalable dust exposures when dusting surfaces in bakeries.
Humanity for Habitat: Residential Yards as an Opportunity for Biodiversity Conservation
Authors: Lerman Susannah B , Larson Kelli L , Narango Desirée L , Goddard Mark A , Marra Peter P
Published: October 2023

The primary threat to biodiversity is habitat loss and degradation. Private residential land (yards) encompass large proportions of urban, suburban, and rural spaces and is among the most rapidly expanding systems on Earth. Yards also represent a conservation opportunity to provide wildlife habitat, support biodiversity, restore ecosystem function and ecosystem services, and increase local opportunities for people to connect with nature. In the present article, we propose a humanity for habitat stewardship practice by synthesizing the evidence-based yard management actions that can advance the conservation value of yards, with a focus on benefits to biodiversity, climate resiliency, and people. The magnitude and extent of yard management might differ, depending on the region, specific management practices, the yard’s size, and the yard’s location along the urban to rural gradient. We detail opportunities, challenges, and strategies for encouraging stronger public participation in conservation through yard stewardship to facilitate biodiversity-friendly residential landscapes that benefit wildlife and people.
Coaching with audiovisual technology in acute-care hospital settings: systematic review
Authors: Gunn Eilidh G M , Ambler Olivia C , Nallapati Siri C , Smink Douglas S , Tambyraja Andrew L , Yule Steven
Published: October 2023

Background

Surgical coaching programmes are a means of improving surgeon performance. Embedded audiovisual technology has the potential to further enhance participant benefit and scalability of coaching. The objective of this systematic review was to evaluate how audiovisual technology has augmented coaching in the acute-care hospital setting and to characterize its impact on outcomes.

Methods

A systematic review was conducted, searching PubMed, Ovid MEDLINE, Embase, PsycInfo, and CINAHL databases using PRISMA. Eligible studies described a coaching programme that utilized audiovisual technology, involved at least one coach–coachee interaction, and included healthcare professionals from the acute-care hospital environment. The risk of bias 2 tool and grading of recommendations, assessment, development, and evaluations (GRADE) framework were used to evaluate studies. Synthesis without meta-analysis was performed, creating harvest plots of three coaching outcomes: technical skills, self-assessment/feedback, and non-technical skills.

Results

Of 10 458 abstracts screened, 135 full texts were reviewed, and 21 studies identified for inclusion. Seventeen studies were conducted within surgical specialties and six classes of audiovisual technology were utilized. An overall positive direction of effect was demonstrated for studies measuring improvement of either technical skills or non-technical skills. Direction of effect for self-assessment/feedback was weakly positive.

Conclusion

Audiovisual technology has been used successfully in coaching programmes within acute-care hospital settings to facilitate or assess coaching, with a positive impact on outcome measures. Future studies may address the additive benefits of video over in-person observation and enhance the certainty of evidence that coaching impacts on surgeon performance, surgeon well-being, and patient outcomes.
Correspondence of mean apparent propagator MRI metrics with phosphorylated tau and astrogliosis in chronic traumatic encephalopathy
Authors: Gangolli Mihika , Pajevic Sinisa , Kim Joong Hee , Hutchinson Elizabeth B , Benjamini Dan , Basser Peter J
Published: October 2023

Chronic traumatic encephalopathy is a neurodegenerative disease that is diagnosed and staged based on the localization and extent of phosphorylated tau pathology. Although its identification remains the primary diagnostic criteria to distinguish chronic traumatic encephalopathy from other tauopathies, the hyperphosphorylated tau that accumulates in neurofibrillary tangles in cortical grey matter and perivascular regions is often accompanied by concomitant pathology such as astrogliosis. Mean apparent propagator MRI is a clinically feasible diffusion MRI method that is suitable to characterize microstructure of complex biological media efficiently and comprehensively. We performed quantitative correlations between propagator metrics and underlying phosphorylated tau and astroglial pathology in a cross-sectional study of 10 ex vivo human tissue specimens with ‘high chronic traumatic encephalopathy’ at 0.25 mm isotropic voxels. Linear mixed effects analysis of regions of interest showed significant relationships of phosphorylated tau with propagator-estimated non-Gaussianity in cortical grey matter (P = 0.002) and of astrogliosis with propagator anisotropy in superficial cortical white matter (P = 0.0009). The positive correlation between phosphorylated tau and non-Gaussianity was found to be modest but significant (R2 = 0.44, P = 6.0 × 10−5) using linear regression. We developed an unsupervised clustering algorithm with non-Gaussianity and propagator anisotropy as inputs, which was able to identify voxels in superficial cortical white matter that corresponded to astrocytes that were accumulated at the grey–white matter interface. Our results suggest that mean apparent propagator MRI at high spatial resolution provides a means to not only identify phosphorylated tau pathology but also detect regions with astrocytic pathology and may therefore prove diagnostically valuable in the evaluation of concomitant pathology in cortical tissue with complex microstructure.
Abrupt permafrost thaw triggers activity of copiotrophs and microbiome predators
Authors: Scheel Maria , Zervas Athanasios , Rijkers Ruud , Tveit Alexander T , Ekelund Flemming , Campuzano Jiménez Francisco , Christensen Torben R , Jacobsen Carsten S
Published: October 2023

Permafrost soils store a substantial part of the global soil carbon and nitrogen. However, global warming causes abrupt erosion and gradual thaw, which make these stocks vulnerable to microbial decomposition into greenhouse gases. Here, we investigated the microbial response to abrupt in situ permafrost thaw. We sequenced the total RNA of a 1 m deep soil core consisting of up to 26 500-year-old permafrost material from an active abrupt erosion site. We analysed the microbial community in the active layer soil, the recently thawed, and the intact permafrost, and found maximum RNA:DNA ratios in recently thawed permafrost indicating a high microbial activity. In thawed permafrost, potentially copiotrophic Burkholderiales and Sphingobacteriales, but also microbiome predators dominated the community. Overall, both thaw-dependent and long-term soil properties significantly correlated with changes in community composition, as did microbiome predator abundance. Bacterial predators were dominated in shallower depths by Myxococcota, while protozoa, especially Cercozoa and Ciliophora, almost tripled in relative abundance in thawed layers. Our findings highlight the ecological importance of a diverse interkingdom and active microbial community highly abundant in abruptly thawing permafrost, as well as predation as potential biological control mechanism.
A bibliography study of Shewanella oneidensis biofilm
Authors: Chen Shan , Ding Yuanzhao
Published: October 2023

This study employs a bibliography study method to evaluate 472 papers focused on Shewanella oneidensis biofilms. Biofilms, which are formed when microorganisms adhere to surfaces or interfaces, play a crucial role in various natural, engineered, and medical settings. Within biofilms, microorganisms are enclosed in extracellular polymeric substances (EPS), creating a stable working environment. This characteristic enhances the practicality of biofilm-based systems in natural bioreactors, as they are less susceptible to temperature and pH fluctuations compared to enzyme-based bioprocesses. Shewanella oneidensis, a nonpathogenic bacterium with the ability to transfer electrons, serves as an example of a species isolated from its environment that exhibits extensive biofilm applications. These applications, such as heavy metal removal, offer potential benefits for environmental engineering and human health. This paper presents a comprehensive examination and review of the biology and engineering aspects of Shewanella biofilms, providing valuable insights into their functionality.
The marula and elephant intoxication myth: assessing the biodiversity of fermenting yeasts associated with marula fruits (Sclerocarya birrea)
Authors: Makopa Tawanda Proceed , Modikwe Gorata , Vrhovsek Urska , Lotti Cesare , Sampaio José Paulo , Zhou Nerve
Published: October 2023

The inebriation of wild African elephants from eating the ripened and rotting fruit of the marula tree is a persistent myth in Southern Africa. However, the yeasts responsible for alcoholic fermentation to intoxicate the elephants remain poorly documented. In this study, we considered Botswana, a country with the world's largest population of wild elephants, and where the marula tree is indigenous, abundant and protected, to assess the occurrence and biodiversity of yeasts with a potential to ferment and subsequently inebriate the wild elephants. We collected marula fruits from over a stretch of 800 km in Botswana and isolated 106 yeast strains representing 24 yeast species. Over 93% of these isolates, typically known to ferment simple sugars and produce ethanol comprising of high ethanol producers belonging to Saccharomyces, Brettanomyces, and Pichia, and intermediate ethanol producers Wickerhamomyces, Zygotorulaspora, Candida, Hanseniaspora, and Kluyveromyces. Fermentation of marula juice revealed convincing fermentative and aromatic bouquet credentials to suggest the potential to influence foraging behaviour and inebriate elephants in nature. There is insufficient evidence to refute the aforementioned myth. This work serves as the first work towards understanding the biodiversity marula associated yeasts to debunk the myth or approve the facts.
Molecular strategies for the utilisation of human milk oligosaccharides by infant gut-associated bacteria
Authors: Kiely Leonie Jane , Busca Kizkitza , Lane Jonathan A , van Sinderen Douwe , Hickey Rita M
Published: October 2023

A number of bacterial species are found in high abundance in the faeces of healthy breast-fed infants, an occurrence that is understood to be, at least in part, due to the ability of these bacteria to metabolize human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs). HMOs are the third most abundant component of human milk after lactose and lipids, and represent complex sugars which possess unique structural diversity and are resistant to infant gastrointestinal digestion. Thus, these sugars reach the infant distal intestine intact, thereby serving as a fermentable substrate for specific intestinal microbes, including Firmicutes, Proteobacteria, and especially infant-associated Bifidobacterium spp. which help to shape the infant gut microbiome. Bacteria utilising HMOs are equipped with genes associated with their degradation and a number of carbohydrate-active enzymes known as glycoside hydrolase enzymes have been identified in the infant gut, which supports this hypothesis. The resulting degraded HMOs can also be used as growth substrates for other infant gut bacteria present in a microbe-microbe interaction known as ‘cross-feeding’. This review describes the current knowledge on HMO metabolism by particular infant gut-associated bacteria, many of which are currently used as commercial probiotics, including the distinct strategies employed by individual species for HMO utilisation.