bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Variations in tissue optical parameters with the incident power of an infrared laser
Authors: Hamdy Omnia , Mohammed Haitham S.
Published: January 2022

Infrared (IR) lasers are extensively utilized as an effective tool in many medical practices. Nevertheless, light penetration into the inspected tissue, which is highly affected by tissue optical properties, is a crucial factor for successful optical procedures. Although the optical properties are highly wavelength-dependent, they can be affected by the power of the incident laser. The present study demonstrates a considerable change in the scattering and absorption coefficients as a result of varying the incident laser power probing into biological samples at a constant laser wavelength (808 nm). The optical parameters were investigated using an integrating sphere and Kubelka-Munk model. Additionally, fluence distribution at the sample’s surface was modeled using COMSOL-multiphysics software. The experimental results were validated using Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curves and Monte-Carlo simulation. The results showed that tissue scattering coefficient decreases as the incident laser power increases while the absorption coefficient experienced a slight change. Moreover, the penetration depth increases with the optical parameters. The reduction in the scattering coefficients leads to wider and more diffusive fluence rate distribution at the tissue surface. The simulation results showed a good agreement with the experimental data and revealed that tissue anisotropy may be responsible for this scattering reduction. The present findings could be considered in order for the specialists to accurately specify the laser optical dose in various biomedical applications.
Familial transmission of attention allocation towards one’s own and a peer’s body: An eye-tracking study with male adolescents and their fathers
Authors: Arkenau Rike , Bauer Anika , Schneider Silvia , Vocks Silja
Published: January 2022

Previous research provides evidence of maternally transmitted body-related attentional biases in female adolescents. In contrast, it remains unclear whether a familial transmission of body-related attentional biases also exists within father-son dyads. Therefore, the current study examinedn= 42 male adolescents and their fathers with respect to direct and indirect paternal influences on body-related attention patterns and specific body-related concerns in sons. Besides completing specific body image questionnaires, participants were shown pictures of their own and a respective peer’s body, while their eye movements were tracked. The fathers additionally viewed the body pictures of their own son and an adolescent peer. Contrary to the assumed direct and indirect paternal transmission processes, the sons’ body-related attention patterns were not significantly associated with the perceived amount of paternal body-related feedback, with the fathers’ attention patterns towards their own son’s and the adolescent peer’s body, or with the fathers’ attention patterns towards their own and the adult peer’s body. Similarly, no significant associations were found between direct or indirect paternal influences and the sons’ drives for muscularity and thinness, body dissatisfaction, and muscularity-related body-checking behavior. Comparing the present findings with previous research indicating a maternal transmission of body-related attentional biases and body-related concerns in female adolescents, alternative (not gender-linked) familial transmission processes, e.g., via one’s own mother, or a comparatively higher relevance of other sociocultural influences, e.g., via peers or the media, might be assumed for male adolescents.
Health disparities, and health behaviours of older immigrants & native population in Norway
Authors: Qureshi Samera Azeem , Kjøllesdal Marte , Gele Abdi
Published: January 2022

We aimed to investigate and compare activities of daily living (ADL), instrumental ADL (IADL), poor self-rated health and the health behaviours among immigrants and the native population in Norway. We present results from analysis of two Norwegian surveys, (Living Conditions Survey on Health from 2015, Living Conditions Survey among Immigrants 2016). Using logistic regression models, odds ratios were estimated for functional ability, self-reported health, and health behavior among immigrants, with Norwegian born being the reference category. The first model was controlled for age and gender and the second model was additionally adjusted for educational level. Our analysis included 5343 participants, 2853 men (913 immigrants), and 2481 women (603 immigrants), aged 45–79 years. The age-group 45–66 years includes n = 4187 (immigrants n = 1431, men n = 856; women n = 575) and 67–79 years n = 1147 (immigrants n = 85, men n = 57; women n = 28). The percentage of Norwegians having ≥ 14 years of education was 86%, as compared to 56% among immigrants. The percentage of immigrants with no education at all was 11%. The employment rate among the Norwegian eldest age group was nearly double (14%) as compared to the immigrant group. Adjusted for age, gender and education, immigrants had higher odds than Norwegian of ADL and IADL, chronic diseases and overweight. There were no differences between immigrants and Norwegians in prevalence of poor self-reported health and smoking. Overall elderly immigrants are worse-off than Norwegians in parameters of health and functioning. Knowledge about health and functioning of elderly immigrants can provide a basis for evidence-based policies and interventions to ensure the best possible health for a growing number of elderly immigrants. Furthermore, for a better surveillance, planning of programs, making policies, decisions and improved assessment and implementation, ADL and IADLs limitations should be included as a variable in public health studies.
The possibility of using xenogeneic phagocytes in wound treatment
Authors: Yakovlev Andrey , Tulin Dmitry , Savva Anna , Kruglikova Anastasia
Published: January 2022

Metamorphosis in the insect larva is associated with disintegration, engulf and digestion of larval tissues. These processes are accompanied by a significant shift in physiological parameters like high activity of hydrolytic enzymes and decrease of pH. In the way, the metamorphosing larva resembles the processes occurring in the wound at the stage of inflammation. Based on this thesis, we put forward the idea of the possibility of using insect phagocytes in the wound treatment. The search for a suitable insect cell line and the study of its properties were the purpose of the work. The abilities of insect phagocytes to retain viability and functional activity under conditions physiological for humans were also investigated. We found that blue blowfly Calliphora vicina larvae had histolysocytes, a specialized population of professional phagocytes involved in the histolysis. In vitro, histolysocytes possess high phagocytic activity to fragments of vertebrate soft tissues and debris. These cells retain viability and functional activity for a long time under conditions that are physiological for vertebrate cells. Moreover histolysocytes can realize the humoral control over the bacteria through the synthesis of antimicrobial peptides. So histolysocytes have the potential to be used as xenogeneic phagocytes in the wound treatment. The data obtained allow proceeding to experiments on laboratory animals for studying the effect of such therapy on the wound healing process.
Effect of soil spatial configuration on Trifolium repens varies with resource amount
Authors: Pan Yi-Wen , Ying Zhi-Xia , Nobis Michael P. , Hersperger Anna M. , Shi Chen , Ge Gang
Published: January 2022

Soil spatial heterogeneity involves nutrients being patchily distributed at a range of scales and is prevalent in natural habitats. However, little is known about the effect of soil spatial configurations at the small scale on plant foraging behavior and plant growth under different resource amounts. Here, we experimentally investigated how a stoloniferous species, Trifolium repens, responded to varied resource amounts and spatial configuration combinations. Plant foraging behavior (i.e., the orientation of the primary stolon, mean length of the primary stolon, foraging precision, and foraging scale) and plant growth (i.e., total biomass, root biomass, shoot biomass, and root/shoot) were compared among differently designed configurations of soil resources in different amounts. The relationships of foraging behavior and plant biomass were analyzed. The results showed that the effect of the spatial configuration of soil resources on Trifolium repens depended on the resource amount. Specifically, when the total resource amount was low, fragmented soil patches promoted root foraging and increased Trifolium repens plant biomass; however, when the total resource amount was high, the soil spatial configuration did not affect foraging behavior or plant growth. Our results also showed that plant growth was facilitated by root foraging scale to adapt to low resource amounts. We conclude that the spatial configuration of soil resources at small scales affects whole plant growth, which is mediated by a distinct foraging strategy. These findings contribute to a better understanding of how the growth strategy of clonal plants responds to heterogeneous environments caused by different resource amounts and its spatial configurations.
d-allulose protects against diabetic nephropathy progression in Otsuka Long-Evans Tokushima Fatty rats with type 2 diabetes
Authors: Niibo Misato , Kanasaki Akane , Iida Tetsuo , Ohnishi Keisuke , Ozaki Taro , Akimitsu Kazuya , Minamino Tetsuo
Published: January 2022

d-allulose is a rare sugar that has been reported to possess anti-hyperglycemic effects. In the present study, we hypothesized that d-allulose is effective in attenuating the progression of diabetic nephropathy in the Otsuka Long-Evans Tokushima Fatty (OLETF) rat model of type 2 diabetes mellitus. Drinking water with or without 3% d-allulose was administered to OLETF rats for 13 weeks. Long-Evans Tokushima Otsuka rats that received drinking water without d-allulose were used as non-diabetic control rats. d-allulose significantly attenuated the increase in blood glucose levels and progressive mesangial expansion in the glomerulus, which is regarded as a characteristic of diabetic nephropathy, in OLETF rats. d-allulose also attenuated the significant increases in renal IL-6 and tumor necrosis factor-α mRNA levels in OLETF rats, which is a proinflammatory parameter. Additionally, we showed that d-allulose suppresses mesangial matrix expansion, but its correlation with suppressing renal inflammation in OLETF rats should be investigated further. Collectively, our results support the hypothesis that d-allulose can prevent diabetic nephropathy in rats.
Current e-cigarette use among in-school adolescents in West Malaysia: Examining the interactions between sociodemographic characteristics and lifestyle risk behaviours
Authors: Jane Ling Miaw Yn , Ahmad Norfazilah , Mohd Yusoff Muhammad Fadhli , Lim Kuang Hock
Published: January 2022

Background

Adolescent e-cigarette use has increased dramatically. Most e-cigarette liquids contain nicotine, which can harm the developing adolescent brain. Local studies examining the risk factors of adolescent e-cigarette use and interactions between its risk factors are limited. This study was aimed at determining the prevalence of current e-cigarette use and its associated factors among in-school adolescents in West Malaysia. We also examined the possible sociodemographic characteristic, lifestyle risk behaviour and parental factor interactions that affect the probability of current e-cigarette use.

Methods

We conducted a cross-sectional study using data from the National Health and Morbidity Survey 2017. Respondents aged 13–18 years were included in the study. The data were analysed using STATA (v.15).

Results

The prevalence of current e-cigarette use was 9.1%. Male gender, older age, Malay ethnicity, schooling in urban area, current smoking, current alcohol use, current drug use, having parents that are not married and living together and parental tobacco product use were significantly associated with current e-cigarette use. There were significant interactions between: i) gender with age, ethnicity, current smoking, current alcohol use and current drug use, ii) ethnicity with current smoking and current alcohol use, iii) locality with ethnicity, current smoking and current alcohol use, iv) current drug use with age, ethnicity, current smoking and current alcohol use, v) parental marital status with gender, age and ethnicity, and vi) parental tobacco use with ethnicity and current smoking.

Conclusion

Our findings identify significant associations between sociodemographic characteristics, lifestyle risk behaviours and parental factors with current e-cigarette use. They also provide new insight into the interactions between these factors that affect the probability of current e-cigarette use among West Malaysian adolescents. Efforts to tackle e-cigarette use in Malaysian adolescents should target sociodemographic characteristics, lifestyle risk behaviours and parental factors such as smoking cessation intervention for parents.
Absence of signal peptide peptidase in peripheral sensory neurons affects latency-reactivation in HSV-1 ocularly infected mice
Authors: Wang Shaohui , Jaggi Ujjaldeep , Tormanen Kati , Hirose Satoshi , Ghiasi Homayon
Published: January 2022

We previously reported that HSV-1 infectivity in vitro and in vivo requires HSV glycoprotein K (gK) binding to the ER signal peptide peptidase (SPP). Anterograde-retrograde transport via peripheral nerves between the site of infection (i.e., eye) and the site of latency (neurons) is a critical process to establish latency and subsequent viral reactivation. Given the essential role of neurons in HSV-1 latency-reactivation, we generated mice lacking SPP specifically in peripheral sensory neurons by crossing Advillin-Cre mice with SPPfl/fl mice. Expression of SPP mRNA and protein were significantly lower in neurons of Avil-SPP-/- mice than in control mice despite similar levels of HSV-1 replication in the eyes of Avil-SPP-/- mice and control mice. Viral transcript levels in isolated neurons of infected mice on days 2 and 5 post infection were lower than in control mice. Significantly less LAT, gB, and PD-1 expression was seen during latency in isolated neurons and total trigeminal ganglia (TG) of Avil-SPP-/- mice than in control mice. Finally, reduced latency and reduced T cell exhaustion in infected Avil-SPP-/- mice correlated with slower and no reactivation. Overall, our results suggest that blocking SPP expression in peripheral sensory neurons does not affect primary virus replication or eye disease but does reduce latency-reactivation. Thus, blocking of gK binding to SPP may be a useful tool to reduce latency-reactivation.
On Ruins: The Art and Politics of Architectural Heritage
Authors: Auji Hala
Published: January 2022

The journal’s new Dialogues series brings together scholars and practitioners from across varied disciplines for a discussion of critical contemporary issues that interrogate the boundaries between architecture, art, anthropology, archaeology, and history. The inaugural instalment, held as a webinar hosted by IJIA Assistant Editor Hala Auji in January of 2021, brought together video artists and filmmakers Ali Cherri (Beirut/Paris) and Panos Aprahamian (Beirut). The conversation addressed the intersections between art, film, history, and heritage in the contemporary socio-political contexts of Lebanon, Syria, Palestine, and Armenia. The following is an edited excerpt from the original conversation.
Tehran’s Decentralization Project and the Emergence of Socio-Spatial Boundaries
Authors: Jafari Elmira , Hein Carola
Published: January 2022

In 1966, the government-sponsored Plan Organization commissioned the first Tehran Master Plan (TMP), setting the stage for the Iranian capital’s extensive transformation and its spatial and social re-structuring. In the process, Abdolaziz Farmanfarmaian, an Iranian architect, collaborated with Victor Gruen Associates of the United States to implement lessons from Gruen’s urban model, the ‘Cellular Metropolis of Tomorrow’, in a reorganization of the socio-spatial structure of Tehran. After a three-year study of the city’s socio-economic and physical organization, the planners proposed decentralization of the congested old city centre and the development of new ‘modern’ centres of activity along a rapid transit line extending westward. This article engages with ongoing discourses on inclusive cities and reflects upon the segregating effects of boundary-edges to argue that the planners’ emphasis on locating urban facilities in the centre of communities led them to ignore emerging dead edges between socially divided neighbourhoods, ultimately hindering social interactions. The allocation of these edges to urban infrastructure, highways, urban voids, and large green spaces isolated and insulated each community from the larger urban area. Through the analysis of the TMP’s reports, this article reveals how the modernist planners mediated the creation of socio-physical boundaries, segmented the city, and increased social exclusivity.
A Teaching Methodology on the Combination of Architectural Tradition and Parametric Design: A Case Study with Birdhouses
Authors: Agirbas Asli
Published: January 2022

Birdhouses were produced in Anatolia from the thirteenth century to the nineteenth century, each with period-specific features. The Industrial Revolution’s call for efficiency however, mandated that birdhouses were no longer manufactured. In this study, parametric design, which is based on an algorithmic design, is used to re-implement the lost practice of birdhouse construction. In the defined methodology, deployed in an undergraduate architectural course, this study considers all stages, from the design process through to the digital fabrication process, that occurs during the birdhouse design process based on metaball geometry created in visual programming language. I will present the problems encountered by the students and the solutions to these problems. In addition, I will evaluate the students’ attitude and response toward the teaching methodology statistically with SPSS Statistics (Statistical Product and Service Solutions).
Hassan Fathy: An Architectural Life, Ed. Leïla El-Wakil (2018)
Authors: Demchenko Igor
Published: January 2022

Review of: Hassan Fathy: An Architectural Life, Ed. Leïla El-Wakil (2018)

Cairo and New York: The American University in Cairo Press, 416 pp., 325 colour illus.,

ISBN: 9789774167898 (hardback), $95
Analysing the mythologies and the ideological nuances in photographic representation of COVID-19 containment in Kenya’s newspapers
Authors: Nyanoti Joseph N.
Published: January 2022

When the first death from Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) was reported in Kenya on 15 March 2020 the mainstream media seemed to play its role of sensitizing the public and giving coverage as the government enforced regulations to fight the pandemic. However, a critical observation indicated that the media were not doing much more than government propaganda. The focus of this study is to analyse the ideology that drives the Kenyan mainstream media. The research particularly focuses on the study of photographs that were published in Kenya’s two leading newspapers, the Daily Nation and The Standard, between 15 March and 30 April 2020, to decode the ideological meanings hidden in the photographs. This study is guided by these three research questions: how is the fight against COVID-19 photographically represented in Kenyan newspapers? What mythic meanings are embedded in these photographs? What ideological nuances can be read in these photographs? The analysis used Roland Barthes’s framework of semiotic analysis. Findings show that the photographs published in the two newspapers in the period of study support the dominant government ideology and promote gender and class inequality.
COVID-19 narratives and counter-narratives in Ghana: The dialectics of state messaging and alternative re/de-constructions
Authors: Anoff-Ntow Kwame Akuffo , Tettey Wisdom J.
Published: January 2022

As part of its efforts to manage the pandemic, the government of Ghana has tried to control messaging via press conferences, only to find out that it has to contend with a preponderance of, sometimes conflicting, narratives from a variety of sources. These messages come from traditional and social media, adopting conventional and alternative formats for content and delivery. In this article, we examine the dialectical relationship between the government’s COVID-19 communication strategy and alternative messages from a select range of sources that have emerged. We evaluate the extent to which the latter messages reinforced or undermined official narratives; the relative trust that each set of messages is generating among citizens; the implications for effective management of the crisis; and steps that the state took to maintain/regain control as it sought to combat what it considered to be (dis)misinformation from some of these sources.
Biodiversidad de sírfidos (Diptera, Syrphidae) y su relación con las plantas del campus de la Universidad de Alicante (España)
Authors: Conca Esquembre Álvaro , Marcos García María Ángeles
Published: January 2022

Aproximadamente, el 35% de las especies de sírfidos (Diptera, Syrphidae) que se conocen presentan larvas de hábitos depredadores, desempeñando en la naturaleza una importante función como controladores de plagas. Por otro lado, los adultos se alimentan de polen y néctar, por lo que participan activamente en el proceso de la polinización. En este estudio, se ha registrado la presencia de especies de esta familia de dípteros en el campus de la Universidad de Alicante, centrándonos principalmente en las especies depredadoras por su potencial en el control natural de plagas. El registro de las especies vegetales de las zonas verdes y ajardinadas del campus en las que se ha observado la presencia de huevos, larvas, pupas o adultos de sírfidos sobre sus flores, ha permitido establecer una red de interacciones biológicas sírfidoplanta en el campus universitario. Los resultados sugieren que la biodiversidad de plantas silvestres, ruderales o espontáneas que crecen en el campus, algunas consideradas como malas hierbas, favorece el mantenimiento de las poblaciones de sírfidos. Se registraron un total de 27 especies de sírfidos. El mayor número de especies se encontraron sobre especies vegetales pertenecientes a la familia Euphorbiaceae y Compositae. El néctar y polen de las flores de estas especies vegetales representan excelentes recursos tróficos para los adultos de los sírfidos y, por otra parte, estas plantas actúan de reservorio y potenciación de las larvas de especies de sírfidos depredadores que también controlan plagas de las plantas ornamentales del campus.
Performance architecturale: una aproximación al concepto de dérive en la arquitectura de Rem Koolhaas
Authors: Arias Madero Javier
Published: January 2022

El movimiento es uno de los temas fundamentales de investigación creativa contemporánea. Comenzando por las vanguardias de las primeras décadas del siglo XX: futuristas, dadaístas, y después los surrealistas, todos hicieron del estudio del movimiento del sujeto en su contexto uno de sus principales campos de experimentación. Décadas después, letristas y situacionistas, reciclan la investigación precedente aumentando la connotación radical del deambular como liberación de la rutina y del orden establecido, abriendo futuras nuevas vías creativas de amplio espectro en disciplinas como el arte de acción, la performance, el teatro, la danza, el cine, pero también de modo relevante en el diseño urbano y en la arquitectura. Uno de los arquitectos que mejor recoge el testigo de toda esta experiencia de investigación con el movimiento y que consigue trasladar estos suculentos hallazgos al recorrido urbano y arquitectónico es Rem Koolhaas. Influido de modo importante en el inicio de su carrera por todas estas corrientes plásticas previas, la obra de Koolhaas se caracterizará por innovar de modo constante en el territorio del desplazamiento del individuo, transformándolo en una acción artística al margen del propio edificio. Una verdadera Performance Architecturale. Koolhaas reivindica la dèrive baudeleriana e instrumentaliza el deambular errático por la ciudad en gran parte de sus proyectos. No sólo lo hace en aquellos de carácter territorial. Sino que también experimenta con deambulatoria urbana dentro de los edificios, en coherencia una vez más, con su propuesta de una Arquitectura Metropolitana.
Enseñanza de la arquitectura en Chile, 1999-2019. Potencial ecológico y sentido político colectivo de las prácticas del proyecto
Authors: Barrientos Díaz Macarena Paz , Lagos Vergara Rodrigo
Published: January 2022

Over the last two decades, the higher education system has visibly tended to standardise university parameters and this process has also affected the internal functioning of Chilean architecture schools. Nevertheless, the political and collective sense reflected in the demands of the new student generation has challenged public policy and the discipline’s pedagogy. In a context of institutional inertia, architecture schools have failed to show reactivity and have not always responded to students’ concerns in a thoughtful and purposeful way. We can observe, however, three pedagogical actions in Chile which – following a radical line proper to the sixties – challenge the normative thoughts, thus questioning and reorganising disciplinary aspects. In so doing, they lead to a rethinking of the ecological potential of the training communities. In such cases, teaching is understood as a central practice, relying on a different relationship between teachers and students. They mix practice with research as they seek to strengthen the collective idea of a community through the academic exercise of a project. In this article, we describe and analyse the conditions that allow these pedagogical actions to emerge and the ecological potential of practice, as they bring about a political and collective meaning that can re-signify the architectural discipline via training.
Pedagogías de lo ordinario. Learning From Las Vegas y Made in Tokyo: repensando la arquitectura en contextos de crisis
Authors: Toro Ocampo Lina , Cantero Vinuesa Antonio
Published: January 2022

En un contexto global inestable y que responde con dificultad ante la aparición de acontecimientos radicales, es necesario anticipar una postura docente que identifique los agentes que intervienen en la enseñanza del proyecto arquitectónico; ya sea para adaptarla, protegerla, resistirse, o actualizarla ante un escenario de imprevisibilidad. Entre estos agentes, el arquitecto que enseña, practica e investiga, se posiciona como un nexo crucial entre otras formas de pensar y hacer arquitectura. Esta situación permite esbozar un contexto y un marco pedagógico general en el cual depositar los libros Learning from Las Vegas (LLV) y Made in Tokyo (MT), entendidos como instrumentos efectivos para la enseñanza del proyecto arquitectónico del siglo XX. Se reclama la construcción de una genealogía pedagógica basada en libros escritos por este perfil de arquitecto —o teórico francotirador—, entendiendo que esta figura ha solidificado un conocimiento específico en arquitectura: el de una pedagogía intrusa, enraizada en la observación de lo ordinario, y que ha resultado eficaz para el aprendizaje proyectual. La transmisión de este conocimiento queda sustentada a su vez en un dibujo disciplinar muy determinado: el resultado de toda observación depende del método de representación. Aludiendo al análisis comparativo y objetivable —implícito en los contenidos de LLV y MT, y que excluye Delirious New York de una clasificación de teorías dibujadas sobre lo real—, parte de este trabajo se desarrolla bajo el método oral basado en conversaciones con Denise Scott Brown, Momoyo Kaijima y Joan Ockman. Se trata de ideas enlazadas con reflexiones docentes que, junto a documentos recabados en Penn Architectural Archives (Filadelfia) y Avery Library (Nueva York), completan y revisan las circunstancias excepcionales tanto de los autores como de los contextos críticos que agitaron la concepción de ambos libros.
Pandemia, gobernanza y municipalismo, en las coronas metropolitanas a partir de su estudio en Riba-roja de Túria (València)
Authors: Mayordomo Maya Sandra , Hermosilla Pla Jorge , Fernández Villarejo Mónica
Published: January 2022

La crisis del COVID-19 ha impactado en el sistema sanitario de los territorios, pero también en sus ámbitos socioeconómicos, lo que ha requerido una respuesta eficaz por las autoridades. El objetivo de esta investigación es la identificación de las dinámicas generales derivadas de la pandemia en las áreas metropolitanas, a partir de un estudio local realizado en el municipio valenciano de Riba-roja de Túria. Se ha aplicado una metodología que combina el tratamiento de estadísticas y documentación técnica municipal, con información cualitativa obtenida mediante entrevistas con agentes locales. La crisis ha incidido en la totalidad de sectores, con un aumento de las desigualdades y la vulnerabilidad. El Ayuntamiento ha tenido un papel relevante en la gestión de la emergencia del coronavirus, con la implementación de medidas y la adopción de nuevos mecanismos de gobernanza. El carácter sistémico de la pandemia ha permitido detectar dinámicas y procesos comunes con otras áreas urbanas. En base a estos resultados, es posible proponer estrategias destinadas a conseguir modelos territoriales más resilientes.
Reseña de Manual dels hàbitats de Menorca. Hàbitats terrestres
Authors: Roig-Munar Francesc Xavier
Published: January 2022

El libro Manual de los hábitats de Menorca ofrece una aproximación precisa a la diversa realidad geoambiental de la isla, mediante la descripción, interpretación e ilustración detallada de sus hábitats, organizados según la adaptación de la codificación internacional CORINE Biotopes Manual. El manual presenta 31 hábitats diferentes, todos ellos terrestres, desde la zona litoral hasta las zonas de tierras agrícolas y antrópicas. Destaca entre todos los hábitats el estuarino, que es una morfología propia de zonas mareales ausente en Baleares.
Las elecciones presidenciales de 2019 en Argentina. Un análisis de la agenda y el proceso de enmarcado de la prensa de referencia
Authors: Acosta Marina , Demirdjian Silvia , Lassi Agustina
Published: January 2022

El objetivo general de la investigación es analizar comparativamente el proceso de enmarcado de la prensa de referencia argentina sobre las elecciones presidenciales de 2019. Recurrimos al clásico análisis de contenido que a su vez completamos con el marco metodológico que ofrece la teoría del encuadre noticioso. Dentro de los principales hallazgos destacan que durante la campaña los medios destinaron la misma cantidad de unidades informativas diarias, que se constata una cierta sintonía en la adopción de encuadres y que la figura del candidato opositor recibió más atención en ambas agendas.
Estigmas, performatividad y resistencias. Deconstruyendo las figuras demonizadas de jóvenes de sectores populares en América Latina
Authors: Bayón María Cristina , Moncrieff Zabaleta Henry
Published: January 2022

Este artículo analiza las representaciones de los jóvenes de los sectores populares en América Latina como figuras demonizadas desde un marco analítico que contribuye a su deconstrucción. Mediante el método figurativo y herramientas de la etnografía digital, analizamos tres figuras paradigmáticas de este tipo en la región: los chakas en México, los flaites en Chile y los pibes chorros en Argentina. Examinamos cómo son construidas en el lenguaje mediático, político y cotidiano, identificando atributos estéticos, morales y culturales marcados por fuertes connotaciones racistas y clasistas. Se destaca el carácter performativo de estas figuras y se exploran espacios de resistencia y resignificaciones del estigma a través de expresiones musicales como el rap, el trap, la cumbia y el reguetón. El abordaje teórico-metodológico desarrollado en este trabajo permite repensar y desclasificar a los grupos y minorías desfavorecidas, cuestionando las imágenes homogeneizadoras que los negativizan, reinterpretando sus prácticas como prácticas situadas en contextos de desventajas simbólicas y materiales.
Critical Literacy in ELT Classroom Testing
Authors: Pascoal Lílian Aparecida Vimieiro , Mattos Andrea Machado de Almeida
Published: January 2022

Critical Literacy (CL) has lately influenced English Language Teaching (ELT) in Brazil, mainly after the publication of the National Guidelines for High School Teaching, and several practitioners have started to use CL perspectives in their ELT contexts. Besides, CL and Critical Language Education have been the focus of much research in Brazil. Nonetheless, these alternative approaches have not yet made their way into testing and assessment. This paper focuses on the relationship of CL and English Language testing. First, we present an overview of important concepts in the area of testing and assessment in ELT. We also discuss important concepts of CL and other critical approaches to ELT. Then, we briefly discuss the possibility of using CL together with CA in English teaching. To illustrate, we summarize a course in ELT, which has used CL and CA at university level. Finally, considering tests as part of the social practices in educational contexts, we demonstrate that, just as CL may be used for Citizenship Education and Social Justice in English classes, the same approach should be used when testing, particularly due to the use of language as a tool for social reconstruction and critique for the exposure of inequalities. Principles for developing critical practices in testing and assessment are discussed along the paper.
Testing the Reliability of two Rubrics Used in Official English Certificates for the Assessment of Writing
Authors: Fraga Viñas Lucía
Published: January 2022

The learning of English as a Foreign Language (EFL) is clearly a primary concern worldwide these days. This has spurred a proliferation of studies related to it and the emergence of new methodologies and instruments of assessment. Along with these, new qualifications devoted to the certification of language competence have been created, triggered in no small part by the fact that demonstrating one’s level of proficiency has become almost an imperative when applying for a job or a grant, or to enable someone to study in a foreign country. It is therefore essential to test the reliability of the instruments used for the assessment of competences. With this purpose, over a four-week period, four different evaluators have assessed the written essays of students on a C1 level course using the writing rubrics for Cambridge Assessment English’s Cambridge Advance English Certificate (CAE) and Trinity College’s Integrated Skills in English Exams III (ISE-III). The aim was to examine the CAE and the ISE-III rubrics’ reliability through the calculation of their respective Cronbach’s alpha, the Corrected-Item Total correlation, the Intra-class Correlation Coefficient and the Standard Error of Measurement. Afterwards, the results given to each essay on the basis of the two rubrics were compared so to ascertain whether their language is clear and which criteria tended to obtain higher and lower marks on average. Examiners were also surveyed at the end of the assessment process to find their opinion on the use of the two rubrics in terms of clarity. The research provided meaningful and interesting results such as the fact that although both rubrics obtained good results in the coefficients of reliability, the variance in scores is greater when using the ISE-III rubric and that examiners tend to be tougher when assessing the learner’s language resource than any other criterion. It is also worth pointing out that according to the survey, examiners’ general perception of both rubrics is that some of their descriptors were confusing or vague, which suggests both rubrics should be revised and could benefit from some improvement.
Online vagy sem - mitől függhet a jövő?
Authors: Dombi Judit , Sipos Norbert , Vörös Zoltán , Egervári Dóra , Simon Krisztián , Fodorné Tóth Krisztina , Ambrus Attila József
Published: January 2022

A COVID-19 járvány gyors terjedése miatt 2020 tavaszán a magyar
felsőoktatás egyik napról a másikra kényszerült a digitális munkarendben
való oktatásra váltani. A hirtelen kialakult helyzet a felsőoktatás minden
résztvevőjét – hallgatókat, oktatókat, adminisztrátorokat, intézményi
apparátust – felkészületlenül érte. A témában jelenleg elérhető kutatások
eredményei ellentmondásos hallgatói attitűdökre hívják fel a figyelmet: Bár
sokan elégedetlenek voltak az online oktatás bizonyos aspektusaival,
meghatározó az a vélemény is, mely szerint a hallgatók számára vonzó
lehetőségeket is rejt magában (vö. pl. Asztalos és mtsai, 2021; Fajt és
mtsai, 2021; Grajczjár és mtsai, 2021; HÖOK, 2020). Jelen tanulmányunkban
egy átfogó, nagymintás (n = 2999) felmérés során gyűjtött adatok egy
részének elemzésével nem csak arra keressük a választ, hogy mit
tapasztaltak a Pécsi Tudományegyetem hallgatói az online oktatás során,
hanem előre tekintve azt is vizsgáljuk, hogy a hallgatók a jövőben inkább
online, vagy inkább jelenléti oktatást választanának. Logikus regressziós
módszerrel azonosítjuk azokat a változókat, amelyek nagy eséllyel
befolyásolhatják a hallgatók jövőbeni tanulási preferenciáit. Az eredmények
alapján elmondható, hogy a képzési terület, a tagozat és a finanszírozási
forma befolyásolhatják azt, hogy a hallgatók a jövőben milyen eséllyel
választanák az online oktatást. A tanulmány intézmények számára
hasznosítható következtetésekkel és implikációkkal zárul.
Jelen
tanulmányunkban egy átfogó, nagymintás (n=2 999) felmérés során gyűjtött
adatok egy részének elemzésével nem csak arra keressük a választ, hogy mit
tapasztaltak a Pécsi Tudományegyetem hallgatói a digitális oktatás során,
hanem előre tekintve azt is vizsgáljuk, hogy a hallgatók a jövőben inkább
online, vagy inkább jelenléti oktatást választanának. Logikus regressziós
módszerrel azonosítjuk azokat a változókat, amelyek nagy eséllyel
befolyásolhatják a hallgatók jövőbeni tanulási preferenciáit. Az eredmények
alapján elmondható, hogy a képzési terület, a tagozat és a finanszírozási
forma befolyásolhatják azt, hogy a hallgatók a jövőben milyen eséllyel
választanák az online oktatást. A tanulmány intézmények számára
hasznosítható következtetésekkel és implikációkkal zárul.
Családok fesztiválélménye – két családbarát fesztivál elemzése
Authors: Ásványi Katalin , Mitev Ariel Zoltán , Jászberényi Melinda , Mert Mentes
Published: January 2022

A fesztiválokat sok esetben a családbarát szabadidős tevékenységek közé sorolják, ugyanakkor ki­fejezetten erre a célcsoportra vonatkozóan a korábbiakban még nem végeztek kutatást a feszti­vállátogatások tekintetében. Tanulmányunkban bemutatjuk, hogy a szakirodalom alapján milyen dimenziói vannak az élménynek, és értelmezzük azt a fesztiválokra vonatkozóan. Primer kutatást végeztünk és azt vizsgáltuk, hogy ezek a dimenziók milyen mértékben jelennek meg két magyaror­szági családi fesztiválnál, illetve hatással vannak-e a fesztivál emlékezetességére. A kutatás alapján megállapítható, hogy mindkét fesztivál esetében a szórakozás élménye hat legerősebben az emléke­zetességre.
Barát vagy ellenség? Negatív online fogyasztói értékelések szerepe az Airbnb oldalon
Authors: Féki Zsuzsanna , Markos-Kujbus Éva
Published: January 2022

Az e-WOM (eletronic word-of-mouth, online szájreklám) értelmezhető valamely szolgáltatásról alkotott pozitív vagy negatív állításként. A negatív töltetű e-WOM háttérbe szorul a kutatásokban, így ennek befolyásoló hatása került kutatásunk középpontjába.

Az online szállásfoglalásnál a fogyasztók nem tudnak előzetesen meggyőződni a minőségről, így kénytelenek társaik véleményére hagyatkozni, tehát az e-WOMnak kiemelt szerep jut. Az egyik legnépszerűbb szállásfoglaló oldal, az Airbnb, működésének alapja a közösség és a tagok által al­kotott fogyasztói értékelések, amelyek segítenek másoknak az észlelt kockázat csökkentésében és a döntés meghozatalában. A fentiek alapján kutatásunk arra fókuszált, hogyan jelenik meg a negatív e-WOM a fogyasztók szálláskeresési folyamatában.

Kutatásunk eredménye alapján elmondható, hogy elsősorban azon hozzászólások a hasznosak, melyek extra információt szolgáltatnak, valamint hogy a szélsőségesen negatív e-WOM háttérbe szorul az objektivitás hiánya miatt. Láthatóvá vált továbbá, hogy bár a negatív e-WOM képes elrettentő hatást gyakorolni, releváns tartalom esetén azonban felkészít a szállás hiányosságaira.
RESISTÊNCIAS POLÍTICO-EDUCACIONAIS DE GÊNEROS E SEXUALIDADES DISSIDENTES NAS OCUPAÇÕES ESCOLARES
Authors: Moresco Marcielly Cristina
Published: January 2022

As contemporâneas pautas feministas, de gênero e de sexualidades nas instituições de educação básica superam, muitas vezes, as ações neoconservadoras e os movimentos moralistas, resultando em novos modos de agir politicamente e promovendo mudanças no convencional ambiente escolar. Esse foi um dos resultados das ocupações de escolas por estudantes em face das ameaças à educação pública e dos ataques aos sujeitos marcados pela diferença. Assim, partindo de uma pesquisa com observação-participante e entrevistas com estudantes durante as ocupações escolares do Paraná, ocorridas em 2016, este artigo apresenta algumas resistências  e insurgências realizadas por corpos de gêneros e sexualidades dissidentes, com ações políticas de contestação do sistema cis-heteronormativo e a transformação, mesmo que efêmera, do espaço educacional.
A Computational Model for Multi-Criteria Decision Making in Traffic Jam Problem
Authors: Naeem Ali , Abbas Jabbar
Published: January 2022

In this paper, we apply a computational model for multi-criteria decision making in traffic jam problems. First, we propose a system to determine the optimal shortcut road by reading the number of cars in each street using Radio Frequency Identification (RFID). Then, we have processed the data of traffic jam problems using Choquet integral with writing algorithm and computer program as a working procedure.
Light Exoskeleton Design with Topology Optimisation and FEM Simulations for FFF Technology
Authors: Falkowski Piotr
Published: January 2022

Among past years interest in robot-assisted rehabilitation arose significantly; thus, constructions such as exoskeletons are involved in this process much more often. As a patient's bio-signals may be included in a control loop of these devices, they may be also used to support the motion of extremities in an everyday life. Therefore, a field of control over them stays a popular research topic. For this reason, an exoskeleton described in a paper was designed. The most important aim of a project was to enable all anatomical movements within ranges required for the lifting of an object while minimising the mass of the device; to enable everyday support within a wide range of motions. The following paper contains a concept of such a device with the description of a whole designing proces. It consists of antropomethric modelling, FEM simulations and topology optimisation applied to decrease the amount of material needed, and the analysis of considered manufacturing methods. As the exoskeleton was designed to be built with FDM 3-D printing technology, created parts were modelled orthotopically based on nominal mechanical parameters of filaments and directions of their beams. The design is complemented with a short description of control with EMG signals and analysis of load on a user's musculoskeletal system.
Surgical Intervention for Phlegmasia Cerulea Dolens in a 61-Year-Old Cancer Patient
Authors: Ruben-Castillo Christopher , Cuen-Ojeda Cesar , Lopez-Peña Gabriel , Anaya-Ayala Javier E. , Hinojosa Carlos A.
Published: January 2022

Phlegmasia cerulea dolens, a rare and potentially fatal complication of acute deep vein thrombosis, is characterized by substantial edema, intense pain, and cyanosis. Phlegmasia cerulea dolens may compromise limb perfusion and lead to acute ischemia, gangrene, amputation, and death. We present the case of a 61-year-old woman with a history of breast cancer who had signs and symptoms of phlegmasia cerulea dolens in her left leg. She was treated promptly with open surgical thrombectomy and sequential distal compression with use of an Esmarch bandage to ensure complete thrombus extraction. These techniques restored venous flow and saved her leg. Open surgical thrombectomy should be considered in the presence of limb-threatening acute deep vein thrombosis presenting as phlegmasia cerulea dolens.
Pengaruh Pasang Surut Terhadap Sebaran Material Padatan Tersuspensi di Pantai Dasun Kabupaten Rembang
Authors: Handoyo Gentur , Subardjo Petrus , Kusumadewi Vemilarisa , Rochaddi Baskoro , Widada Sugeng
Published: January 2022

Indonesia memiliki laut yang sangat luas dibandingkan dengan daratannya. Luas total wilayah Indonesia adalah 7,81 juta km2 yang terdiri dari 2,01 juta km2 daratan, 3,25 juta km2 lautan, dan 2,55 juta km2 Zona Ekonomi Eksklusif (ZEE). Merupakan suatu Negara dengan luas perairan lebih besar dari pada luas daratan, maka dari itu Indonesia disebut sebagai Negara Maritim. Salah satunya dipulau jawa, tepatnya di daerah jawa tengah. Pantai Dasun terletak di wilayah Kabupaten Rembang, dimana lokasi tersebut sering dijumpai aktivitas kapal nelayan, destinasi wisata, kegiatan industri dan aliran sungai. Proses sedimen tersuspensi dipengaruhi oleh proses-proses yang terjadi di lautan seperti pasang surut dan arus. Pada saat pasang, akan menyebabkan konsentrasi material padat tersuspensi di pelabuhan tinggi. Begitu juga pada saat surut, konsentrasi material padat tersuspensi juga akan berubah lagi. Secara geografis titik lokasi penelitian berada pada posisi 6040’7,89”S - 6040’22,29”S dan 111026’21,34”E - 111026’34,45”E. Tujuan dilakukan penelitian ini  adalah untuk mengetahui seberapa besar tingkat kekeruhan perairan tersebut serta dampak yang ditimbulkannya. Penelitian ini dilakukan pada bulan November 2018 dengan lokasi daerah pantai Dasun Rembang, Jawa Tengah. Analisis data dilakukan dengan menggunakan bantuan perangkat lunak komputer yaitu Ms Excel, Er Mapper, dan Arc GIS. Materi yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini meliputi data primer yaitu pengamatan lokasi kekeruhan perairan, data pasang surut dan arus, sedangkan data sekundernya yaitu berupa peta rupa bumi Indonesia, data tinggi muka air laut dari satelit. Berdasarkan hasil analisis dari sampel MPT terjadi kekeruhan perairan dengan tingkat sedimenasi yang cukup tinggi. Hasil regresi linier dari data pengamatan pasang surut menunjukan kenaikan sebesar 157 mg/l – 203 mg/l. Kenaikan muka air laut menyebabkan dampak sedimentasi dimuara sungai pantai Dasun Rembang.