bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
IMPLEMENTATION OF THE DUAL FORM OF TRAINING OF HIGHER EDUCATION GRADUATORS ON THE BASIS OF THE ALL-UKRAINIAN SCIENTIFIC AND EDUCATIONAL CONSORTIUM
Authors: BEREZUK Sergiy
Published: October 2021

The current state of the higher education system in Ukraine is studied on the example of higher education institutions (HEIs). It is established that the effectiveness of the educational process is manifested in the level of training of a highly qualified specialist, who is competitive in the labor market. The dynamics of the number of applicants for higher education in Ukraine and the unemployment rate is analyzed; the relationship between these indicators is established.

The main reasons for the mismatch of the level of educational services of educational institutions to the needs of employers are determined, which are due to inadequate funding of the education system, and, as a consequence, the low level of knowledge of graduates, which does not meet the real needs of today. It is established that the main reason for underfunding of the education system is the dominance of local budgets in expenditures for the needs of educators and lack of funds for implementation of educational programs, as well as non-fulfillment in full of state obligations in this area as a whole.

The essence and features of the dual form of education are revealed, the substantive difference between traditional and dual forms of education is reflected, which consists in the fact that they have completely different planes of common interests. The relevance of the latter is substantiated taking into account current trends in the labor market and the adaptation of the domestic education system to the requirements of the European Union.

The expediency of introducing dual education in the Free Economic Zone as a form of cooperation between educational and scientific institutions, production and business, and also an integral part of the formation of a highly qualified specialist, is substantiated. The main mutual benefits of the participants of the dual form of education and the forms of their participation in the educational process are listed. The effectiveness of the dual form of higher education has been proved on the example of Vinnytsia National Agrarian University, which is a co-founder of the All-Ukrainian Scientific-Educational Consortium. The importance of the principle of student-centeredness as a key factor in the effectiveness of the education system as a whole is substantiated.
DIGITALIZATION AS THE MAIN FACTOR OF DEVELOPMENT OF THE HOSPITALITY INDUSTRY IN THE EU COUNTRIES
Authors: DZHEDZHULA Olena , VOLONTYR Lyudmyla
Published: October 2021

The article considers the main trends in the development of the hospitality industry market in the European Union. The analytical review of scientific sources allowed to single out among them the following: deepening of specialization of hotel and restaurant offers; creation of international hotel and restaurant chains; development of a network of small enterprises; introduction of new computer technologies in the hospitality industry; training of highly qualified personnel. The contradiction between the urgent need for innovation in the hospitality business highlights the problem of introduction of new computer technologies in the hospitality industry and the appropriate training of highly qualified personnel. The main directions of digitalization as the basis of innovations introduced in the hospitality industry are determined: technologies of pattern recognition (face); use of robots, virtual companions, equipment of rooms with «smart» equipment, use of modules such as «Online supermarket tours». The classification of world innovations in the hotel business by types, innovations and significance for the development of the hospitality business is offered. Among the innovations are informational and marketing types. Informational innovations are related to the Cloud Hotel Automation System, the Cloud Hotel Management Service, the Hotel Booking Service, the creation of a WOW-effect for customers, etc. An analysis of the training of specialists for the hotel and restaurant business in European countries that are able to ensure the digitalization of the hospitality business is conducted. The peculiarities of professional training of managers in higher education in Switzerland, which ranks first in the top 10 of best hospitality schools in the world, are considered. Due to the analysis, recommendations are formulated for the training of the specialists of hotel and restaurant business in Ukraine, which focus on quality of practical training of students through long internships in leading hotels in Ukraine and abroad, attracting future professionals to work on innovative projects, creating high-tech learning environments in universities.
STATE LAND BANK: HISTORY OF CREATION AND DEVELOPMENT IN UKRAINE AND THE WORLD
Authors: LOGOSHA Roman , KHAIETSKA Olha
Published: October 2021

The article presents retrospective analysis of the creation and development of the State Land Bank in Ukraine. It is substantiated that for the effective functioning of the land market, among other components, the functioning of proper infrastructure and system of state control is necessary, when the State Land Bank or other specialized state institution plays an important role and performs the functions of the market regulator and land manager.

Study of the peculiarities of the functioning of mortgage lending systems at foreign countries and the possibility of applying foreign experience for the development of mortgage relations in agriculture of Ukraine are conducted.

The perfect infrastructure of the mortgage and credit market ensures high efficiency of mortgage relations. It is identified that important elements of the infrastructure of the mortgage market in many countries are: land cadastre and centralized credit bureau with access of banks to their information in real time, centralized real estate database; stock exchanges, clearing centers and the clearing system of the central bank, specialized banks and structures (corporations, funds, management), state trust guarantee funds.

In today's conditions, when Ukrainian agricultural producers use land on lease, the expediency of creating the appropriate state institutions, including the establishment of the State Land (Mortgage) Bank, is growing. Its functioning will promote to: the development of mortgages on agricultural land; improve the conditions of medium- and long-term lending secured by land to meet the needs of agricultural producers and the population living in rural areas; expand the possibilities of agricultural production; provide regulation of the pricing process for land plots; ensure the effective operation of the land redistribution mechanism; will help attract investment in agriculture and additional investments in land to maintain its fertility, etc.
PROSPECTS OF BIOLFUELS PRODUCTION IN THE CONDITIONS OF LAND RELATIONS REFORM
Authors: FURMAN IRINA , RATUSHNIAK Nataliia
Published: October 2021

The article examines the normative monetary valuation of agricultural land in the regions of Ukraine. The dynamics of change of sown areas of the main agricultural crops is analyzed. The directions of the development of agricultural production in the short term are determined. The main components of biomass energy potential in Ukraine are studied – agricultural residues (straw of cereals and rapeseed, by-products of corn and sunflower production) and energy crops (willow, poplar, miscanthus for solid biofuels and corn silage for production). It is determined that in the structure of energy production from biomass in Ukraine, agricultural residues and energy crops occupy the last places, as their potential is used by 0.1-3.0% depending on the type of biomass. The necessity of creating of energy cooperatives in rural areas focused on the production of solid biofuels from crop waste has been proved. The prospects for the development of bioenergy outlined in the «Roadmap for the development of bioenergy until 2050 and the Аction plan until 2025» are studied and the forecast of the development of the energy potential of biomass is made. It is determined that despite a significant number of existing regulations related to the development of biofuels, measures to support biofuel producers include only two instruments: a «green» tariff for electricity produced from renewable energy sources (including biomass / biogas), and stimulating tariff for thermal energy, produced from alternative energy sources (including biomass / biogas). Barriers to the development of biofuels production and possible ways to overcome them have been studied.

The need to create bioenergy clusters to stimulate the production of biofuels has been identified. Measures to improve state regulation and support the production of biofuels are summarized. It is proved that at the state level it is necessary to constantly motivate agricultural producers to produce different types of biofuels. The main directions of the strategy of biofuel production development in the conditions of land relations reform are substantiated.
FEATURES OF DOCUMENTATION OF EXPENSES OF ORGANIC AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION
Authors: ISHCHENKO Yana , KOVAL Nataliia
Published: October 2021

From the research conducted by scientists, we can conclude that today there is a lack of information related to the organic segment of production.Thisis due to the lack of a comprehensive methodology of accounting organic production, the development of which should begin with the documentation of cost accounting and yield of organic products.

The publication is devoted to the study of the state of primary accounting of the costs in organic agricultural production and the development of scientifically sound recommendations to agricultural enterprisesregardingthe documentation of accounting for the costs oforganic crop productsproduction.

As a result of the research, the directions of using the information of primary documents, which formalize the costs of organic production, are grouped. The functions of primary documents in the management of organic production are outlined. The necessity of creation of the specialized formsforprimary accounting of seeds expenses, planting material, protection plants means, fertilizers as those which need special control in the course of production of organic products is substantiated.The organizational and technological features and specifics of the control during the transition period, in terms of «pure» organic production and in terms of parallel production of organic and inorganic products, which should beconsideredwhen documenting costs, are highlighted.The general approaches to documentation of expenses are offered and the form of the Act on use of substances (ingredients, components) which is allowed to be usedduringorganic production and which are allowed to use in maximumadmissiblequantities is developed.The developed proposals will allow to providecontrol over observance of the legislation in the field of organic production, to realize control and information functionsforprimary documentsofaccounting costsinorganic crop production.
THE ORETICAL AND LEGAL ASPECTS OF APPLICATION OF FINANCIAL GUARANTEES FOR TRANSIT FOREIGN ECONOMIC OPERATIONS
Authors: KHOMUTENKO Vira , KHOMUTENKO Alla
Published: October 2021

The article substantiates the need to use methods to ensure payment of customs duties, including financial guarantees. It is proved that financial guarantees are a method of ensuring the fulfillment of customs obligations in violation of the conditions for granting tax exemptions, including in the customs regime of «transit». The volumes of transit through the customs territory of Ukraine from the EU countries for 2014-2020 are analyzed. The essence and signs of transit foreign economic operations are determined. Cases are described in which transit will be considered as interrupted transit (hidden import). Statistical data are presented, which show that a significant share of transit operations are recognized by the customs authorities of Ukraine as interrupted transit. The volumes of provided financial guarantees are investigated. The tasks performed by ensuring the payment of customs duties through the use of financial guarantees under the customs regime of transit have been established. The types and forms of financial guarantees are determined depending on the method of movement of goods and commercial vehicles in the customs regime «transit» (transit, internal transit, joint transit, cabotage transit). The monetary pledge is described, as well as the guarantee document in written or electronic form. The peculiarities of the use of cash collateral are outlined. The order of registration of the documents provided at application of financial guarantees on transit foreign economic operations is opened. The conditions for providing financial guarantees by type (individual, multiple, general) are clarified. The cases in which the Customer is sent a request for payment of customs duties are described. There are formulas for calculating customs debt and penalties in case of non-payment of customs duties by the guarantor. The latest changes in the legal field that have a positiv
Study of the Angular Positioning of a Rotating Object with Fuzzy Control by State Feedback
Authors: Voloşencu Constantin
Published: October 2021

The study in the paper is placed in the broad context of research for increasing the efficiency of motion control. The purpose of the paper is to make a comparative analysis of the state feedback fuzzy control with the linear control for angular positioning of mechanical parts. The structure of the fuzzy control system and its design is presented. Transient characteristics obtained are compared from the point of view of their control efficiency criteria. The differences in performance criteria between the control methods studied are small
Treatment-related changes of molecular biomarkers in major depressive disorder: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors:   University of Aveiro, Irwin Courtney L. , Coelho Patrícia S. , Kluwe-Schiavon Bruno , Silva-Fernandes Anabela , Gonçalves Óscar F. , Leite Jorge , Carvalho Sandra
Published: October 2021

Review question / Objective: The aim of this review is two-fold: first, we sought to identify candidate biomarkers that could provide information on whether an individual with MDD would respond positively to common non-pharmacological treatments, and secondly, to conduct a meta-analysis to determine whether one form of common non-pharmacological treatment (namely CBT, tDCS and TMS) would produce better results over another in regards to its influence on biomarker levels. Information sources: The information sources used were: three online databases (PubMed, Scopus, and PsycINFO) to identify English-language human randomised controlled trials unrestricted by year of publication.
Intervenciones en infecciones del tracto urinario, neumonías, COVID-19 y bacteriemias por programas de uso optimizado de antimicrobianos (PROA): enfoque síndrome específico
Authors: González Rodriguéz José Anel , Gundacker Nathan D. , Vega Silvio
Published: October 2021

Introducción: El uso de los antibióticos ha logrado curar infecciones anteriormente letales. Como profilaxis ha mejorado el pronóstico de pacientes en múltiples escenarios; sin embargo, estos fármacos tienen efectos adversos los cuales pueden ocurrir en 1 de cada 5 pacientes hospitalizados que los reciben, algunos de estos eventos son potencialmente mortales. Los programas de Antimicrobial Stewardship (ASP), conocidos en español como Programas de Uso Optimizado de Antibióticos (PROA), son intervenciones coordinadas, diseñadas para mejorar y medir el uso apropiado de antibióticos, promoviendo la selección del régimen óptimo, incluyendo dosis, duración de la terapia y su ruta de administración. Objetivo: describir el beneficio de las intervenciones síndrome específico en infecciones del tracto urinario, neumonías, bacteriemias y COVID-19, realizadas por programas de uso optimizado de antimicrobianos (PROA). Metodología: se realizó una búsqueda en PubMed y se seleccionó aquellos artículos donde se realizaron intervenciones que mostraron beneficios clínicos en infecciones del tracto urinario, neumonías, bacteriemias y COVID-19 por parte de programas de uso optimizado de antimicrobianos. Síntesis de los datos: se seleccionaron 18 estudios, de los cuales 3 mostraron intervenciones con beneficios en el tratamiento de Infecciones del tracto urinario, 9 en neumonías, 1 en COVID-19 y 5 en bacteriemias. Conclusión: Las intervenciones síndrome específicas, en Infecciones del tracto urinario (ITU), neumonías COVID-19 y bacteriemias, de los programas de uso optimizado de antibióticos (PROA) se han asociado con disminución de los costos de atención y mejores resultados clínicos.
Lisansüstü Eğitim Alan Öğrencilerde Gelecek Kaygısı
Authors: TÜRKÖZ Osman , BEKTAŞ Meral , ÇİÇEK Hüseyin
Published: October 2021

Bu çalışmada lisansüstü eğitim alan öğrencilerin gelecek kaygılarının belirlenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Nitel yöntem ve fenomenolojik desen ile yürütülen çalışmada betimsel analiz tekniği kullanılmıştır. Çalışma Mehmet Akif Ersoy Üniversitesi’nde lisansüstü eğitim alan 15 öğrenci ile görüşme yapılarak yürütülmüştür. Araştırma bulguları katılımcıların verdiği cevaplara göre yorumlanmıştır. Cevaplar her soruda ayrı ayrı olmak üzere benzerliklerine göre kategorize edilmiştir. Lisansüstü eğitim alan öğrencilerin gelecek kaygısına odaklanan çalışmanın bu alanda yapılacak olan çalışmalara yol gösterici, fikir verici olacağı düşünülmektedir.
DEVELOPMENT OF THE AUTONOMOUS UNDERWATER NOISE RECORDER
Authors: Bagočius Donatas , Narščius Aleksas
Published: October 2021

An underwater noise is the most pervasive type of physical energy that spreads in underwater marine environment. The concerns regarding man-made underwater noise effects on the aquatic animals became prominent within scientific communities. The determination of underwater noise levels became very actual either for environmental monitoring or scientific research purposes. Various tools for acquisition of the underwater sound as well, modelling became available, although some techniques are costly and requires special considerations. One of the examples are the sound recording devices containing hydrophones along with digital sound acquisition systems used for recording of ambient (continuous) underwater sounds. By the date there are already developed the international and European standards for monitoring the long term (yearly) underwater continuous noise levels. However, the techniques known to be able to record the short and mid-term noise levels can serve for the research purposes greatly. In this research the cost efficient autonomous underwater sound recorder was developed, with the purpose to record an ambient underwater noise continuously and autonomously for the periods of up to 15 days, following the already known methods. In this paper we present the steps of the development of the autonomous recorder, its features and capabilities as well, calibration results of the underwater sound recording system.
REVIEW OF ORGANIC RANKINE CYCLE HEAT RECOVERY TECHNOLOGIES APPLICATION FOR MARINE DIESEL ENGINES
Authors: Čepaitis Tomas , Lebedevas Sergejus
Published: October 2021

CO2 emissions from international shipping could increase between 50-250% by 2050 year. The EEDI (Energy Efficiency Design Index) is a key requirement for regulating CO2 emissions of maritime transport; a requirement was introduced in 2011 by the International Maritime Organization and came into force gradually. In recent studies it was investigated that no other technologies has the potential and reserves compared to Cogeneration systems. The article provides a short review of ship energy efficiency design index improving technologies and cogeneration systems application for maritime transport. A brief comparative analysis of cogeneration cycles is provided also. CO2 emissions from international shipping could increase between 50–250% by 2050 year. The EEDI (Energy Efficiency Design Index) is a key requirement for regulating CO2 emissions of maritime transport; a requirement was introduced in 2011 by the International Maritime Organization and came into force gradually. In recent studies it was investigated that no other technologies have the potential and reserves compared to Cogeneration systems. The article provides a short review of ship energy efficiency design index improving technologies and cogeneration systems application for maritime transport which have direct relation with CO2 emissions. A brief comparative analysis of cogeneration cycles is provided also.
Obliquity Constraints on the Planetary-mass Companion HD 106906 b
Authors: Bryan Marta L. , Chiang Eugene , Morley Caroline V. , Mace Gregory N. , Bowler Brendan P.
Published: October 2021

We constrain the angular momentum architecture of HD 106906, a 13 ± 2 Myr old system in the ScoCen complex composed of a compact central binary, a widely separated planetary-mass tertiary HD 106906 b, and a debris disk nested between the binary and tertiary orbital planes. We measure the orientations of three vectors: the companion spin axis, companion orbit normal, and disk normal. Using near-IR high-resolution spectra from Gemini/IGRINS, we obtain a projected rotational velocity of

v
sin

i

p

= 9.5 ± 0.2 km s−1 for HD 106906 b. This measurement together with a published photometric rotation period implies the companion is viewed nearly pole-on, with a line-of-sight spin axis inclination of i

p
= 14° ± 4° or 166° ± 4°. By contrast, the debris disk is known to be viewed nearly edge on. The likely misalignment of all three vectors suggests HD 106906 b formed by gravitational instability in a turbulent environment, either in a disk or cloud setting.
The Consistency of Chemical Clocks among Coeval Stars
Authors: Espinoza-Rojas Francisca , Chanamé Julio , Jofré Paula , Casamiquela Laia
Published: October 2021

The abundance ratios of some chemical species have been found to correlate with stellar age, leading to the possibility of using stellar atmospheric abundances as stellar age indicators. These chemical clocks have already been calibrated with solar twins and open clusters, but it remains to be seen whether they can be effective at identifying coeval stars in a population that spans a broad parameter space (i.e., the promise of chemical tagging). Since the components of wide binaries are known to be stars of common origins, they constitute ideal laboratories for testing the usefulness of chemical clocks for the age dating of field stars. Using a combination of our new measurements and literature data on wide binaries, we show for the first time that chemical clocks are even more consistent among the components of wide binaries than their individual abundances. Moreover, the special case of HIP 34426/HIP 34407 may indicate that chemical clocks are consistent for coeval stars even when those individual abundances are not. If the assumption that chemical clocks are reliable age indicators is correct, this would constitute the first statistically significant evidence that the components of wide binaries are indeed coeval, validating a large body of published work that relies on that to be the case. Furthermore, our results provide strong evidence that chemical clocks indeed carry important information about stellar birthplaces and chemical evolution, and thus we propose that including them in chemical tagging efforts may facilitate the identification of now-dissolved stellar groups.
Post-explosion Evolution of Core-collapse Supernovae
Authors: Witt M. , Psaltis A. , Yasin H. , Horn C. , Reichert M. , Kuroda T. , Obergaulinger M. , Couch S. M. , Arcones A.
Published: October 2021

We investigate the post-explosion phase in core-collapse supernovae with 2D hydrodynamical simulations and a simple neutrino treatment. The latter allows us to perform 46 simulations and follow the evolution of the 32 explosion models during several seconds. We present a broad study based on three progenitors (11.2, 15, and 27 M
⊙), different neutrino heating efficiencies, and various rotation rates. We show that the first seconds after shock revival determine the final explosion energy, remnant mass, and properties of ejected matter. Our results suggest that a continued mass accretion increases the explosion energy even at late times. We link the late-time mass accretion to initial conditions such as rotation strength and shock deformation at explosion time. Only some of our simulations develop a neutrino-driven wind (NDW) that survives for several seconds. This indicates that NDWs are not a standard feature expected after every successful explosion. Even if our neutrino treatment is simple, we estimate the nucleosynthesis of the exploding models for the 15 M
⊙ progenitor after correcting the neutrino energies and luminosities to get a more realistic electron fraction.
Macro Magnetic Holes Caused by Ripples in Heliospheric Current Sheet from Coordinated Imaging and Parker Solar Probe Observations
Authors: Chen Chong , Liu Ying D. , Hu Huidong
Published: October 2021

Macro magnetic holes (MMHs), which are significant magnetic field decreases in the solar wind lasting tens of minutes, were found during the first four orbits of the Parker Solar Probe (PSP). We performed a detailed analysis of the 2020 January 30 event and found the possible cause of the MMH using coordinated remote sensing observations from STEREO A and PSP in situ measurements. The results indicate that an MMH represents a brief encounter with the rippled heliospheric current sheet (HCS). Out of the data from the first four orbits of PSP, we identified 17 MMHs and carried out a statistical analysis. Basic characteristics of MMHs include (1) MMHs usually last tens of minutes; (2) the magnetic field strength inside the events is much lower than that in the ambient solar wind; (3) enhanced plasma density, radial velocity, and plasma β are usually found inside the MMHs; and (4) the radial magnetic field has the same polarity before and after an MMH. Based on potential field-source surface and magnetohydrodynamics models, for each of the events we roughly estimate the radial size and the lower limit of the vertical size (i.e., the separation distance between PSP and the HCS), which are 2 R
⊙ and 10 R
⊙ on average, respectively. These results suggest that MMHs are a frequent phenomenon that may shed light on the dynamics of the HCS and the origins and evolutions of the solar wind structures in the heliosphere.
Gas-phase Synthesis of Silaformaldehyde (H2SiO) and Hydroxysilylene (HSiOH) in Outflows of Oxygen-rich Asymptotic Giant Branch Stars
Authors: He Chao , Doddipatla Srinivas , Yang Zhenghai , Goettl Shane J. , Kaiser Ralf I. , Azyazov Valeriy N. , Mebel Alexander M. , Millar Tom J.
Published: October 2021

Silicon- and oxygen-containing species such as silicon monoxide (SiO) and silicon dioxide (SiO2) represent basic molecular building blocks connected to the growth of silicate grains in outflows of oxygen-rich asymptotic giant branch (AGB) stars like R Doradus. Yet the fundamental mechanisms of the formation of silicate grains and the early processes that initiate the coupling of the silicon with the oxygen chemistries in circumstellar envelopes have remained obscure. Here, in a crossed molecular beams experiment combined with ab initio electronic structure calculations, we reveal that at least the d2-silaformaldehyde (D2SiO) and d2-hydroxysilylene (DSiOD) molecules—proxies for the astronomically elusive silaformaldehyde (H2SiO) and hydroxysilylene (HSiOH) molecules—can be synthesized via the reaction of the D1-silylidyne radical (SiD; X2Π) with D2-water (D2O) under single-collision conditions. This system represents a benchmark of a previously overlooked class of reactions, in which the silicon–oxygen bond coupling can be initiated by a reaction between the simplest silicon-bearing radical (silylidyne) and one of the most abundant species in the circumstellar envelopes of evolved oxygen-rich AGB stars (water). As supported by novel astrochemical modeling, considering that silicon- and oxygen-containing species like H2SiO and HSiOH might be photolyzed easily, they ultimately connect to simple molecular precursors such as SiO that drive a chain of reactions conceivably forming higher molecular weight silicon oxides and, ultimately, a population of silicates at high temperatures.
Retrieving Exoplanet Atmospheres Using Planetary Infrared Excess: Prospects for the Night Side of WASP-43 b and Other Hot Jupiters
Authors: Lustig-Yaeger Jacob , Stevenson Kevin B. , Mayorga L. C. , Showalter Sotzen Kristin , May Erin M. , Izenberg Noam R. , Mandt Kathleen
Published: October 2021

To increase the sample size of future atmospheric characterization efforts, we build on the planetary infrared excess (PIE) technique that has been proposed as a means to detect and characterize the thermal spectra of transiting and non-transiting exoplanets using sufficiently broad wavelength coverage to uniquely constrain the stellar and planetary spectral components from spatially unresolved observations. We performed simultaneous retrievals of stellar and planetary spectra for the archetypal planet WASP-43b in its original configuration and a non-transiting configuration to determine the efficacy of the PIE technique for characterizing the planet’s night-side atmospheric thermal structure and composition using typical out-of-transit JWST observations. We found that using PIE with JWST should enable the stellar and planetary spectra to be disentangled with no degeneracies seen between the two flux sources, thus allowing robust constraints on the planet’s night-side thermal structure and water abundance to be retrieved. The broad wavelength coverage achieved by combining spectra from NIRISS, NIRSpec, and MIRI enables PIE retrievals that are within 10% of the precision attained using traditional secondary eclipse measurements, although mid-IR observations with MIRI alone may face up to 3.5× lower precision on the planet’s irradiation temperature. For non-transiting planets with unconstrained radius priors, we were able to identify and break the degeneracy between planet radius and irradiation temperature using data that resolved the peak of both the stellar and planetary spectra, thus potentially increasing the number of planets amenable to atmospheric characterization with JWST and other future mission concepts.
Early Initiation of Inner Solar System Formation at the Dead-zone Inner Edge
Authors: Ueda Takahiro , Ogihara Masahiro , Kokubo Eiichiro , Okuzumi Satoshi
Published: October 2021

The inner solar system possesses a unique orbital structure in which there are no planets inside the Mercury orbit and the mass is concentrated around the Venus and Earth orbits. The origins of these features still remain unclear. We propose a novel concept that the building blocks of the inner solar system formed at the dead-zone inner edge in the early phase of the protosolar disk evolution, where the disk is effectively heated by the disk accretion. First, we compute the dust evolution in a gas disk with a dead zone and obtain the spatial distribution of rocky planetesimals. The disk is allowed to evolve both by a viscous diffusion and magnetically driven winds. We find that the rocky planetesimals are formed in concentrations around ∼1 au with a total mass comparable to the mass of the current inner solar system in the early phase of the disk evolution within ≲0.1 Myr. Based on the planetesimal distribution and the gas-disk structure, we subsequently perform N-body simulations of protoplanets to investigate the dynamical configuration of the planetary system. We find that the protoplanets can grow into planets without significant orbital migration because of the rapid clearing of the inner disk by the magnetically driven disk winds. Our model can explain the origins of the orbital structure of the inner solar system. Several other features such as the rocky composition can also be explained by the early formation of rocky planetesimals.
Prenatal Diagnosis of Ebstein Anomaly in a Centre with Limited Resources: A Potential Pitfall
Authors: Bejiqi Ramush , Retkoceri Ragip , Bejiqi Hana , Mustafa Aferdita , Maloku Arlinda , Bejiqi Rinor
Published: October 2021

BACKGROUND: Ebstein anomaly is a rare congenital cardiac malformation characterized by varying degrees of downward displacement of the tricuspid valve leaflets into the cavity of the right ventricle. The pathophysiology varies with the degree of valvular malfunction, the size, and contractility of the right ventricle, and the presence of obstruction within the right ventricular outflow tract. An early diagnosis makes worse the often prognosis. Fetal echocardiography is a useful tool for the diagnosis of congenital heart disease including the Ebstein anomaly which shows a wide spectrum of ultrasonographic manifestations and, sometimes it can be difficult to make a true prenatal diagnosis.

CASE REPORT: Here, we describe a unique case of an Ebstein anomaly in 26 weeks of gestation fetus through prenatal echocardiographic evaluation. Fetus was suspected as a severe form of the Ebstein anomaly, with a severe form of right atrium enlargement, huge tricuspid insufficiency, and hypoplastic pulmonary artery. The atrial septum, dimensions of cardiac structures, left and right cardiac output, and Doppler interrogation of cardiac flows were examined.

CONCLUSION: This case study presents a well-documented case of Ebstein’s anomaly type D that was diagnosed prenatally using fetal echocardiography.
Lactose versus Lactose Free Regimen in Children with Acute Diarrhea
Authors: Abdulrazzaq Sinan , Jaafar Faten Alaa , Mohammed Zahoor Abdulmohsin
Published: October 2021

BACKGROUND: Acute diarrhea (AD) is the most frequent gastroenterological disorder, and the main cause of dehydration in childhood, and it is one of the most important causes of morbidity and mortality in children.

AIM: Assessment of lactose-free formula effect in nutritional treatment in formula-fed children with acute diarrhea.

PATIENTS AND METHODS: A cross-section interventional study carried out on 60 formula-fed children, under two years, referring with acute diarrhea, 30 children obtain lactose-free formulation and 30 children with no lactose-containing formula. According to the period of diarrheal stop and weight, changes compering two groups.

RESULTS: Thirty-two males and 28 females children (7.25 ± 5.1 months) included. Children with lactose-free formula had a significantly slighter dated to diarrhea relief compared with control group children (p < 0.01). No variance between two groups in weight change (6.9 ± 3.03 vs. 7.05 ± 3.07 kg, p = 0.2). (46.6%) of patients on Lactose free formula were discharged on the third post admission day, lactose-free formula has more effective recovery to those on cow milk formula (4.1 ± 1.2 vs. 6 ± 1.3 days, p < 0.01 significant).

CONCLUSION: Quick giving of lactose-free formulation to children on formula feeding show rapid relief of acute diarrhea.
High-intensity Interval Training Improves Inflammatory Mediators in Obese Women: Based on the Study of the UCP2 Ala55Val Gene
Authors: Candrawati Susiana , Huriyati Emy , Sofro Zaenal Muttaqien , Rujito Lantip , Faza Aulia Nury , Rohmawati Oktavia Nur , Aqiilah Amelinda Rifdah
Published: October 2021

Background: Increased inflammatory mediators in obesity are associated with metabolic syndrome. Exercise is an effective effort to reduce the incidence of obesity. The High-Intensity Interval Training (HIIT) program is an exercise which include combination of high-intensity exercise and rest periods. The decrease in body fat levels due to physical training will further affect inflammatory mediators such as IL6 and TNFα. Besides training factor, genetic also play a role on obesity. One of the genes that influence obesity is the UCP2 Ala55Val gene.
Objectives: This research aims to see the effect of HIIT on the levels of inflammatory mediators in obese patients based on the study of the Ala55Val UCP2 gene.
Methods: This study was a Quasi-Experimental Pre and Post Design Without Control Group. Thirty obese women (BMI≥25 kg/m2) were given High-Intensity Interval Training (HIIT) as an intervention by comparing the data before and after the intervention. The training intervention was conducted for 12 weeks, consisting of two weeks of adaptation and ten weeks of HIIT intervention. The body weight, BMI and inflammatory mediators (TNFα and IL 6) before and after the intervention were analyzed using the Dependent T-Test and Wilcoxon Test as a nonparametric test. Independent T-Test and Mann Whitney test used to determine the effect of the UCP2 Ala55Val gene on changes in body weight, BMI and the inflammatory mediator. The test results were considered significantly different if p<0.05.
Results: Bivariate analysis using Dependent T-Test showed that HIIT significantly improved Body Weight, BMI and IL6 with p=0.0001. Wilcoxon Test showed that HIIT significantly improved TNFα with p=0.0001. Independent T-Test showed no difference in body weight (p=0.719), BMI (p=0.663) and TNFα (p=0.264) improvement in the two genotypes of the UCP2 Ala55Val gene. Mann Whitney Test showed no difference in IL6 (p=0.288) improvement in the two genotypes of the UCP2 Ala55Val gene.
Conclusion: The research concluded that the 12-week HIIT interventions improved inflammatory mediators by reducing IL6 and TNFα in obese women. There was no effect of genetic variation on the response to training intervention.
Taxonomic and identification review of adventive Fiorinia Targioni Tozzetti (Hemiptera, Coccomorpha, Diaspididae) of the United States
Authors: Ahmed Muhammad Z. , Moore Matthew R. , Rohrig Eric A. , McKenzie Cindy L. , Liu Di , Feng Jinian , Normark Benjamin B. , Miller Douglass R.
Published: October 2021

This work provides general descriptions, illustrations, molecular diagnostic data, taxonomic keys, slide mounting recommendations, and Florida distribution records for Fiorinia Targioni Tozzetti species occurring in the USA. Species treated are F. externa Ferris, F. fioriniae (Targioni Tozzetti), F. japonica Kuwana, F. pinicola Maskell, F. phantasma Cockerell & Robinson, F. proboscidaria Green, and F. theae Green. New descriptions of second-instar males and females of all seven species in addition to first-instar nymphs and adult females of F. phantasma and F. proboscidaria are presented. Taxonomic keys to second-instar males and females are developed for the first time and previously available taxonomic keys to first-instar nymphs and adult females are improved. DNA sequences were used to further evaluate the monophyly of Fiorinia and provide additional diagnostic tools for Fiorinia species. Multigene phylogenetic analyses, COI barcoding methods, and examination of type material indicate that F. yongxingensis Liu, Cai & Feng, 2020, syn. nov. is a junior synonym of F. phantasma. A morphological survey of the genus demonstrates, for the first time, the utility of second-instar males for diagnostics. This study will help inform regulatory and pest management decisions by facilitating morphological and molecular identification of adventive Fiorinia species occurring in the USA.
Older Adults With Complex Chronic Conditions Who Receive Care at Home: The Importance of Primary Care Assessment
Authors: Agredano Raül Sancho , Masclans Jordi Galimany , Guix-Comellas Eva Maria , Fraile Victoria Morin , Sarria-Guerrero José A. , Pola Montserrat Solà , Fabrellas Núria
Published: October 2021

The current study aimed to describe the characteristics of older adults with complex chronic conditions cared for at home. One hundred thirty-eight participants were recruited. Participants' average age was 85.9 years and 69.6% were female. Poly-pharmacy was present in 89.9% of participants. Participants who presented with polypharmacy had a worse self-perception of health (
p
= 0.002), and the worst fall rate. A total of 22.5% had experienced a fall during the past 6 months. Approximately one half of participants rated their self-perceived quality of life as bad or very bad. The percentage who used emergency services (54.3%) was greater than the percentage who needed to be admitted (43.5%). A worse self-perception of physical health was significantly associated with hospital admissions (
p
= 0.01). Geriatric assessment by nurses can provide information to improve care in situations in which frailty, dependency, and chronic conditions occur together. Obtaining information on the needs of individuals with frailty is important in designing successful nursing interventions. [
Journal of Gerontological Nursing, 47
(11), 31–38.]
A variational saturation-value model for image decomposition: Illumination and reflectance
Authors: Wang Wei , Li Caifei
Published: October 2021

In this paper, we study to decompose a color image into the illumination and reflectance components in saturation-value color space. By considering the spatial smoothness of the illumination component, the total variation regularization of the reflectance component, and the data-fitting in saturation-value color space, we develop a novel variational saturation-value model for image decomposition. The main aim of the proposed model is to formulate the decomposition of a color image such that the illumination component is uniform with only brightness information, and the reflectance component contains the color information. We establish the theoretical result about the existence of the solution of the proposed minimization problem. We employ a primal-dual algorithm to solve the proposed minimization problem. Experimental results are shown to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed decomposition model in saturation-value color space, and demonstrate the performance of the proposed method is better than the other testing methods.
Effect of chitosan nanoparticles on quorum sensing-controlled virulence factors and expression of LasI and RhlI genes among Pseudomonas aeruginosa clinical isolates
Authors: Fattah Rana Abdel Fattah Abdel ,   Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt, Fathy Fatma El zaharaa Youssef , Mohamed Tahany Abdel Hamed , Elsayed Marwa Shabban
Published: October 2021

Antibiotic-resistant strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa) pose a major threat for healthcare-associated and community-acquired infections. P. aeruginosa is recognized as an opportunistic pathogen using quorum sensing (QS) system to regulate the expression of virulence factors and biofilm development. Thus, meddling with the QS system would give alternate methods of controlling the pathogenicity. This study aimed to assess the inhibitory impact of chitosan nanoparticles (CS-NPs) on P. aeruginosa virulence factors regulated by QS (e.g., motility and biofilm formation) and LasI and RhlI gene expression. Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of CS-NPs against 30 isolates of P. aeruginosa was determined. The CS-NPs at sub-MIC were utilized to assess their inhibitory effect on motility, biofilm formation, and the expression levels of LasI and RhlI genes. CS-NPs remarkably inhibited the tested virulence factors as compared to the controls grown without the nanoparticles. The mean (±SD) diameter of swimming motility was decreased from 3.93 (±1.5) to 1.63 (±1.02) cm, and the mean of the swarming motility was reduced from 3.5 (±1.6) to 1.9 (±1.07) cm. All isolates became non-biofilm producers, and the mean percentage rate of biofilm inhibition was 84.95% (±6.18). Quantitative real-time PCR affirmed the opposition of QS activity by lowering the expression levels of LasI and RhlI genes; the expression level was decreased by 90- and 100-folds, respectively. In conclusion, the application of CS-NPs reduces the virulence factors significantly at both genotypic and phenotypic levels. These promising results can breathe hope in the fight against resistant P. aeruginosa by repressing its QS-regulated virulence factors.
A Multi-level Analysis of Factors Affecting Participation in Health Screenings in Korea: A Focus on Household and Regional Factors
Authors: Park So Yoon , Shin Young-jeon
Published: October 2021

Objectives: This study divided the factors that affect participation in health screenings into individual, household, and regional levels and conducted a multi-level analysis to identify the factors related to participation in health screenings.Methods: Participants from the 2017 Community Health Survey were classified into 2 groups (under 40 and 40 or older). A multi-level logistic regression analysis was conducted to identify the factors that affected participation in health screenings.Results: The screening rate of the participants was 69.7%, and it was higher among participants aged 40 and older (80.3%) than it was among participants younger than 40 (49.8%). At the individual level, the factors that influenced participation in health screenings included age, economic activity, smoking status, physician-diagnosed hypertension, and a moderate or high physical activity level. At the household level, the odds ratio of participation in health screenings was high for participants who lived in single-person households, lived with a spouse, earned a high monthly household income, and were not beneficiaries of national basic livelihood security. At the regional level, the odds ratio at the 95% confidence interval level of participation in health screenings was high for participants who had trust in the local community and lived in an area with a proportionally high social welfare budget.Conclusions: This study analyzed nationalwide data and confirmed that individual, household, and regional characteristics affected participation in health screenings. Therefore, policies that prioritize the improvement of regional level factors and especially household level factors are likely to be the most effective for improving the screening rate.
Dimensions of Entrepreneurial Orientation in the Academic Environment
Authors: Dal-Soto Fábio , Souza Yeda Swirski de , Benner Mats
Published: October 2021

The establishment of entrepreneurial orientation (EO) in the academic environment, through its basilar conceptual dimensions such as proactiveness, innovativeness, and risk-taking, has been the subject of relevant debate for academics, higher education managers, and policy-makers. In this context, this article aims to analyze the establishment of EO in the academic environment, pursuing an entrepreneurial university model. Thus, the strategy of multiple case studies was adopted, based on three universities: two in Brazil, the Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul (PUC-RS) and the Pontifical Catholic University of Rio de Janeiro (PUC-Rio), and one in Sweden, the Lund University (LU). Results show that the EO established by the universities studied is seen in several times and in different ways through its conceptual dimensions, suitable to the academic context. The movements observed in the three cases researched show non-sporadic behaviors towards an entrepreneurial university model over time.
Deplatforming, demotion and folk theories of Big Tech persecution
Authors: De Keulenaar Emillie , Burton Anthony Glyn , Kisjes Ivan
Published: October 2021

This article examines the moderation of conspiracy narratives surrounding COVID-19 through digital methods analysis of deplatformed or demoted videos. Building upon the literature on moderation, it performs a comparison of the types of content moderated by YouTube during the early stages of the pandemic. It seeks to determine the extent to which YouTube's own moderation actions are brought in as part of the conspiratorial narratives surrounding COVID-19, while investigating how it is that moderation becomes entangled with questions of truth and visibility.