bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Spontaneous Formation of Polymeric Nanoribbons in Water Driven by π–π Interactions
Authors: Berruée Sébastien , Guigner Jean‐Michel , Bizien Thomas , Bouteiller Laurent , Sosa Vargas Lydia , Rieger Jutta
Published: October 2024

A simple method was developed to produce polymeric nanoribbons and other nanostructures in water. This approach incorporates a perylene diimide (PDI) functionalized by triethylene glycol (TEG) as a hydrophobic supramolecular structure directing unit (SSDU) into the core of hydrophilic poly(N,N‐dimethylacrylamide) (PDMAc) chains using RAFT polymerization. All PDI‐functional polymers dissolved spontaneously in water, forming different nanostructures depending on the degree of polymerization (DPn): nanoribbons and nanocylinders for DPn=14 and 22, and spheres for DPn>50 as determined by cryo‐TEM and SAXS analyses. UV/Vis absorption spectroscopy was used to monitor the evolution of the PDI absorption signal upon dissolution. In solid form, all polymers show a H‐aggregate absorption signature, but upon dissolution in water, the shortest DPn forming nanoribbons evolved to show HJ‐aggregate absorption signals. Over time, the J‐aggregate band increased in intensity, while cryo‐TEM monitoring evidenced an increase in the nanoribbon's width. Heating the nanoribbons above 60 °C, triggered a morphological transition from nanoribbons to nanocylinders, due to the disappearance of J‐aggregates, while H‐aggregates were maintained. The study shows that the TEG‐PDI is a powerful SSDU to promote 2D or 1D self‐assembly of polymers depending on DPn through simple dissolution in water.
Evaluating the oxidative stability of triacylglycerols in rapeseed (Brassica napus) oleosomes
Authors: Plankensteiner Lorenz , Nikiforidis Constantinos V. , Vincken Jean‐Paul , Hennebelle Marie
Published: October 2024

Unsaturated triacylglycerols (TAGs) are stored in natural droplets called oleosomes in seeds. The storage in oleosomes was suggested to increase TAGs' oxidative stability. In this study, we tested the oxidative stability of TAGs in rapeseed oleosomes and compared it with the one of TAGs stored as bulk oils or incorporated into oil‐in‐water emulsions stabilized by rapeseed lecithin. Oleosome oil‐in‐water emulsions (Фoil = 0.1) were created and stored along with the bulk oils and lecithin emulsions for 63 days at 40°C. The TAGs in oleosomes were more oxidatively stable than in the bulk oils and lecithin emulsions, as indicated by the 17‐day longer lag phase and a 1.6–1.8 times slower maximal hydroperoxide formation compared to the bulk oils and lecithin emulsions. Moreover, we made the first steps towards understanding the high stability of TAGs in oleosomes by monitoring the consumption of oleosome‐associated antioxidants (tocopherols and carotenoids). Using oleosome extracts could be a strategy to retard TAGs oxidation in oil‐in‐water emulsions.
Synthesis of polymeric nanoparticles with different functionalities to produce new biocatalysts
Authors: Everton Stefanni S. , Pinto Martina C. C. , Neves Thalita , Cipolatti Eliane Pereira , Manoel Evelin Andrade , Freire Denise Maria Guimarães , Schmal Martin , Pinto José Carlos
Published: October 2024

This study aimed to synthesize functionalized nanosupports via emulsion polymerization to develop new promising nanobiocatalyts via enzyme immobilizations. The co‐monomers methyl methacrylate, divinylbenzene and the epoxy monomer glycidyl methacrylate (GMA) were used. The performance of the nanobiocatlysts was evaluated in hydrolysis and esterification reactions after the immobilization of lipase B from Candida antarctica (CAL B). Firstly, the nanosupports functionalized in situ with 25% and 50% w/w of GMA were successfully synthesized. In esterification reactions, the nanobiocatalysts containing 25% (w/w) of GMA were more active, achieving 254 U.g−1, or an enzyme activity per area of 2.8 U.m−2; such value was higher than the one obtained when the commercial matrix Octadecyl Sepabeads was used (328 U.g−1, 2.4 U.m−2). Such results point out that there is an optimum concentration of GMA epoxide groups that should be incorporated into the supports. The greater enzymatic activity obtained for 25% of GMA nanobiocatalyst was achieved not only because of their textural properties, but also due to a favorable interaction between the epoxide groups and CAL B. These results highlight the potential use of the heterofunctional matrices for the synthesis of new market‐competitive biocatalysts.
Stable Long‐Term Cycling of Room‐Temperature Sodium‐Sulfur Batteries Based on Non‐Complex Sulfurised Polyacrylonitrile Cathodes
Authors: Blázquez‐Moreno Jesús M. , Páez Jerez Ana L. , Tesio Alvaro Y. , Benítez Almudena , Caballero Álvaro
Published: October 2024

The cost‐effectiveness and high theoretical energy density make room‐temperature sodium‐sulfur batteries (RT Na−S batteries) an attractive technology for large‐scale applications. However, these batteries suffer from slow kinetics and polysulfide dissolution, resulting in poor electrochemical performance. The sulfurised polyacrylonitrile (SPAN) cathode is postulated as a suitable material due to the retention of sulfur through covalent bonds and the increase in the conductivity of sulfur. Furthermore, in this work the synthesis of SPAN has been carried out using simple synthesis methods, making it scalable, economical, and without the use of toxic compounds. The incorporation of the SPAN material helps mitigate the shuttle effect, reducing the capacity loss and improving both the efficiency and lifespan of Na−S batteries. The SPAN‐based cathode demonstrates that this RT Na−S battery configuration shows high stability, reaching 1000 cycles with a capacity loss per cycle of 0.11 % and a satisfactory specific capacity of 400 mAh/gs at a high rate of 2 C. This study demonstrates that the utilisation of SPAN derived from a non‐complex synthesis can be a viable alternative for enhancing the future of Na−S batteries technology.
Loss of Control Eating in Adults With Impulsive and/or Inattentive Tendencies
Authors: Christie Laura , Smith‐Spark James H. , Teodorini Rachel D.
Published: October 2024

Objective

Previous research has tended to consider impulsive, inattentive, and loss of control eating (LOC) tendencies as symptoms of greater pathologies in treatment‐seeking samples. However, inattentive and impulsive tendencies and LOC often co‐occur. Although LOC is an important diagnostic component of disordered eating (ED), it has recently been argued to be a dysregulated eating behavior in its own right. The purpose of the current self‐report study was, therefore, to investigate the association between impulsive and inattentive tendencies and LOC in adults after accounting for ED.

Method

A community sample of 516 adults was surveyed online about their inattentive and impulsive tendencies, LOC, and ED behaviors.

Results

A hierarchical multiple linear regression revealed ED, inattentive, and impulsive symptoms to be independent, significant, positive predictors of LOC.

Discussion

These findings suggest that the levels of inattentive and, to a lesser extent, impulsive tendencies are significantly associated with LOC in adults, even after ED is accounted for. Moreover, inattentive tendencies were found to be more significantly associated with LOC than impulsive tendencies. These are novel and important findings that can be used to inform both clinicians and individuals with inattentive and impulsive tendencies alike of this association. Considering the well‐documented adverse health and wellbeing outcomes associated with LOC, future feasibility trials are needed aimed at treating this co‐occurrence.
Circular economy practices in international business: What do we know and where are we heading?
Authors: Kansheba Jonathan Mukiza , Fubah Clavis Nwehfor , Acikdilli Gaye
Published: October 2024

The circular economy (CE) has gained the focus of scholars and policymakers as it is related to achieving sustainable development. Multinational corporations (MNCs) are adopting and implementing CE models, especially given their resources, global presence, and ability to share best practices across borders. However, a knowledge gap exists on how CE is practiced within the international business (IB) context. This study seeks to harmonize the existing literature on CE practices in IB using a bibliometric and systematic literature (content) review approach. Our findings of citation and network analyses using the co‐authorship, citation, co‐citation, bibliometric coupling, and co‐occurrence techniques provide the current situation as well as identify three trending research themes in the CE‐IB literature. The study also offers several potential avenues for future research.
Future sick leave, disability pension, and unemployment among patients with cancer after returning to work: Swedish register‐based matched prospective cohort study
Authors: Hiyoshi Ayako , Alexanderson Kristina , Tinghög Petter , Cao Yang , Fall Katja , Montgomery Scott
Published: October 2024

Introduction

Despite increasing numbers of working‐age cancer survivors, evidence on their future work‐related circumstances is limited. This study examined their future sick leave, disability pension, and unemployment benefits compared to matched cancer‐free individuals.

Methods

A matched cohort study was conducted using nationwide Swedish registers. In total, 94,411 individuals aged 25 to 59 years when diagnosed with incident cancer in 2001–2012 and who returned to work after cancer were compared with their matched cancer‐free individuals (N = 354,814). Follow‐up started from the year before cancer diagnosis and continued up to 14 years. Generalized estimating equations were used to calculate incidence rate ratios (IRR) and odds ratios for the difference between cancer survivors and matched cancer‐free individuals.

Results

Compared with cancer‐free individuals, cancer survivors had six times higher sick‐leave days per year after cancer (IRR 6.25 [95% CI, 5.97–6.54] for men; IRR, 5.51 [5.39–5.64] for women). This higher number of sick‐leave days declined over time but a two‐fold difference persisted. An approximate 1.5 times higher risk of receiving disability pension remained during follow‐up. The unemployment days tended to be lower for cancer survivors (IRR, 0.84 [0.75–0.94] for men; IRR, 0.91 [0.86–0.96] for women). Risk of sick leave and disability pension was higher among those with leukemia, colorectal, and breast cancer than skin and genitourinary cancers.

Conclusions

Cancer survivors who returned to work experienced a high and persisting sick leave and disability pension for over a decade. Prolonged receipt of a high amount of benefits may have long‐term adverse impacts on financial circumstances; more knowledge to promote the environment that encourages returning to and remaining in work is needed.
Single‐cell multiplex immunocytochemistry in cell block preparations of metastatic breast cancer confirms sensitivity of GATA‐binding protein 3 over gross cystic disease fluid protein 15 and mammaglobin
Authors: Li Joshua J. X. , Cheng Hiu Yu , Lee Conrad H. C. , Ng Joanna K. M. , Tsang Julia Y. , Tse Gary M.
Published: October 2024

Background

Metastatic breast cancers are frequently encountered in cytology and require immunocytochemistry (ICC). In this study, traditional and multiplex ICC (mICC) for GATA‐binding protein 3 (GATA3), gross cystic disease fluid protein 15 (GCDFP15), and mammaglobin (MMG) were performed with the aim of validating mICC in cell blocks, with further single‐cell expression pattern analysis to identify the single markers and combinations of markers most sensitive in subtypes of breast cancer.

Methods

GATA3, GCDFP15, and MMG were paired with OptiView 3,3′‐diaminobenzidine and Ventana DISCOVERY Purple and Blue, respectively, with cyclical and serial staining. Bright‐field imaging was performed with the Mantra 2 system and analyzed with the inForm Tissue Finder (Akoya Biosciences). Cell detection and phenotyping were further confirmed by two pathologists.

Results

In the 36 cases studied, traditional ICC and mICC demonstrated good concordance (kappa coefficient, >0.5; p < .01) at three cutoffs (1%, 5%, and 50%), except for GATA3 at the 1% cutoff. Single‐marker positivity outnumbered double‐marker positivity and the exceedingly rare triple‐marker positivity (<3%). GATA3 was the leading single marker–positive phenotype in all breast cancer subtypes, except for MMG in estrogen receptor–positive, progesterone receptor–positive, and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2–positive (ER+/PR+/HER2+) breast cancers. Limited to two markers, GATA3/MMG included the greatest number of tumor cells for luminal breast cancers (ER+/PR+/HER2+, 60.6%; ER+/PR+/HER2+, 31.4%), whereas HER2‐overexpressed breast cancers (27.4%) and triple‐negative breast cancers (26.4%) favored the combination of GATA3/GCDFP15.

Conclusions

For a single marker, GATA3 displayed the highest sensitivity. The addition of MMG for hormone receptor‐positive breast cancers and GCDFP15 for hormone receptor‐negative breast cancers further increased sensitivity. The low proportion of multimarker‐positive cells suggested that the coexpression observed with traditional ICC is attributable to intratumoral heterogeneity, not genuine coexpression.
A cluster‐based incremental potential approach for reduced order homogenization of bones
Authors: Ju Xiaozhe , Xu Chunli , Xu Yangjian , Liang Lihua , Liang Junbo , Tao Weiming
Published: October 2024

We develop a cluster‐based model order reduction (called C‐pRBMOR) approach for efficient homogenization of bones, compatible with a large variety of generalized standard material (GSM) models. To this end, the pRBMOR approach based on a mixed incremental potential formulation is extended to a clustered version for a significantly improved computational efficiency. The microscopic modeling of bones falls into a mixed incremental class of the GSM framework, originating from two potentials. An offline phase of the C‐pRBMOR approach includes both a clustering analysis spatially decomposing the micro‐domain within an RVE and a space–time decomposition of the microscopic plastic strain fields. A comparative study on two different clustering approaches and two algorithms for mode identification is additionally conducted. For an online analysis, a cluster‐enhanced version of evolution equations for the reduced variables is derived from an effective incremental variational formulation, rendering a very small set of nonlinear equations to be numerically solved. Several numerical examples show the effectiveness of the C‐pRBMOR approach. A striking acceleration rate beyond 104 against conventional FE computations and that beyond 103 against the original pRBMOR approach are observed.
Rational Strategies for Preparing Highly Efficient Tin‐, Bismuth‐ or Indium‐Based Electrocatalysts for Electrochemical CO2 Reduction to Formic acid/Formate
Authors: Yang Ziyuan , Jin Yuxia , Feng Zhongbao , Luo Peng , Feng Changrui , Zhou Yifan , An Xiaowei , Hao Xiaogang , Abudula Abuliti , Guan Guoqing
Published: October 2024

Electrochemical carbon dioxide reduction reaction (CO2RR) is an environmentally friendly and economically viable approach to convert greenhouse gas CO2 into valuable chemical fuels and feedstocks. Among various products of CO2RR, formic acid/formate (HCOOH/HCOO−) is considered the most attractive one with its high energy density and ease of storage, thereby enabling widespread commercial applications in chemical, medicine, and energy‐related industries. Nowadays, the development of efficient and financially feasible electrocatalysts with excellent selectivity and activity towards HCOOH/HCOO− is paramount for the industrial application of CO2RR technology, in which Tin (Sn), Bismuth (Bi), and Indium (In)‐based electrocatalysts have drawn significant attention due to their high efficiency and various regulation strategies have been explored to design diverse advanced electrocatalysts. Herein, we comprehensively review the rational strategies to enhance electrocatalytic performances of these electrocatalysts for CO2RR to HCOOH/HCOO−. Specifically, the internal mechanism between the physicochemical properties of engineering materials and electrocatalytic performance is analyzed and discussed in details. Besides, the current challenges and future opportunities are proposed to provide inspiration for the development of more efficient electrocatalysts in this field.
Recent Progress in the Electrochemical Formation of C−N Bonds for Construction of Organic Compounds via the Use of NOx/NOx−
Authors: Wu Shutao , Liu Fei
Published: October 2024

Emissions of nitrogen oxide (NOx) species (NO and NO2) and nitrate/nitrite NOx−, such as NO3− and NO2−, have led to serious water pollution and climate challenges. How to remove these wastes is a global problem that urgently needs to be addressed. As reported, electrochemical catalytic technology under ambient conditions is of great interest for NOx/NOx− removal. Additionally, the in situ utilization of surface‐adsorbed nucleophilic intermediates generated from the electrochemical reduction of NOx/NOx− can provide a sustainable strategy for building C−N bonds, upgrading waste NOx/NOx− into value‐added organic products, such as amines, oximes, amides, and amino acids, while remediating the environment. This review summarizes the most recent progress in the construction of nitrogen compounds by coupling electrochemical NOx/NOx− reduction reactions with inorganic/organic substrates, focuses on understanding the adsorption–transformation mechanism during the NOx/NOx− reduction process, and discusses multiple side reactions and complex pathways. Important strategies, such as coupled system development and catalyst preparation, are also presented to broaden the range of nitrogen compounds and improve yields. Finally, a few key challenges and future research directions for the development of efficient and low‐cost electrochemical C−N coupling processes are discussed.
Meconium as an Analyte for Androgen Exposure: Analysis Through Varying Maternal‐Fetal Biomarkers
Authors: Knudsen Nicole , Tang Stacey , Lauzon Sylvie , Dhaurali Supriya , Snyder Nathaniel W. , Voegtline Kristin M.
Published: October 2024

Meconium, the first stool produced by neonates, has been used as an analyte for exogenous fetal exposures. However, few studies have investigated the relationship between meconium and androgen exposure in utero. Here, we examine the associations of testosterone and dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) across maternal antenatal salivary testosterone, cord blood, meconium, and infant salivary testosterone. A total of 47 women with singleton, uncomplicated pregnancies, and their infants were included in this study. Participants were recruited from an academic obstetric clinic. Maternal saliva was collected at 36‐weeks’ gestation. Cord blood and meconium were collected at birth. Infant salivary testosterone was collected at 1 and 4 weeks of age. Multivariate model results showed that meconium testosterone was associated with neonatal testosterone at 1 (F = 5.62, p = 0.029) and 4 weeks (F = 4.28, p = 0.048) postnatal age; no sex differences were detected. This study suggests meconium is a valuable tool for evaluating endogenous androgen exposure and should be used in future studies to investigate the fetal hormonal milieu.
A Supramolecular Gel that Exhibits Multi‐Stimuli Responsiveness and High Conductivity through Host‐Guest Interactions
Authors: Wang Jie , Wu Xiaojing , Cai Hongyan , Li Hang , Zhang Pizheng , Qin Bo
Published: October 2024

A network‐structured supramolecular gel is constructed through host‐guest interactions between conjugated ligands and metal ions, leading to enhanced mechanical properties and excellent electrical conductivity. This overcomes the problem of insufficient conductance due to the presence of solvent in the interstitial region of the supramolecular gel. Supramolecular gels can undergo reversible sol‐gel transitions by controlling the pH or temperature of the system. In addition, a method has been developed to determine the specific binding ratio of host‐guest molecules by conductivity tests, and has been used to verify the specific binding ratio of crown ether to potassium ions. To explain the high conductivity of supramolecular metallic gels, DFT and SEM have been employed to elucidate their conductivity mechanism.
Model‐ versus data‐uncertainty for concrete members and connections in cyclic loading
Authors: Fardis Michael N.
Published: October 2024

Large databases of cyclic tests on flexure‐ or shear‐critical concrete members and shear‐critical connections of columns to beams or slabs are used to estimate the uncertainty inherent in experimental data in literature—as read by users. To this end, the predictions of two different, presumably independent, design‐oriented models for the properties of interest are used to establish the “central tendency” of data, against which individual tests or small groups thereof are assessed. Properties considered are: (a) the cyclic ultimate chord‐rotation of flexure‐controlled members with continuous or lap‐spliced deformed bars, (b) the cyclic shear strength of shear‐critical members, (c) the chord‐rotation at yielding of rectangular columns with plain bars, and (d) the cyclic shear strength of shear‐controlled beam‐column and slab‐column joints. Results suggest that the data from each test campaign have a certain degree of bias, specific to it. Test campaigns with ratio of estimated average deviation from the “central tendency” to the standard deviation of campaign deviations (called “data uncertainty”) which is far into the tail of the Normal distribution may be excluded as questionable. This systematic bias, along with other types of “data uncertainty” addressed in this work, seem to contribute to the apparent scatter of model predictions with respect to cyclic test results the equivalent of a coefficient of variation of model‐to‐test‐ratio of at least 10% and possibly as high as 25%–30%. Model uncertainty seems to contribute to this scatter the equivalent of a coefficient of variation of at least 15% in shear‐controlled connections, or as much as 25% in the case of flexural deformation capacity of members with deformed bars; the cyclic shear resistance of members and—with the reservation of the small number of tests—the chord‐rotation at yielding of members with plain bars, are in‐between.
Acrylamide induces spatiotemporal metabolic profiling disturbance via targeting taurine and hypotaurine metabolism during early zebrafish development
Authors: Wang Anli , Zeng Jia , Song Xiaoran , Huang Yingyu , Yao Jianxin , Zhu Li , Gao Yuchen , Wang Binjie , Wu Yuanzhao , Xu Zhongshi , Zheng Ruonan , Qin Yazhou , Wang Jiye , Yao Weixuan , Wan Xuzhi , Li Haoyu , Zhuang Pan , Jiao Jingjing , Zhuang Shulin , Zhang Yu
Published: October 2024

Acrylamide, an endocrine‐disrupting emerging contaminant from both the environment and food processing, has been linked to cardiac developmental toxicity in zebrafish. However, the mechanisms involved in the cardiac developmental toxicity from long‐term exposure to acrylamide remain unclear. This study provides in‐depth evidence on the metabolic regulation of zebrafish embryos with acrylamide exposure. A comprehensive metabolites analysis of four different acrylamide exposures (0, 0.5, 1.0, and 2.0 mM) at different zebrafish developmental stages (6, 24, 48, 72, 96, and 120 h post fertilization, hpf) was performed. Metabolite changes throughout the zebrafish development (6–120 hpf) were closely associated with taurine and hypotaurine metabolism. The pattern of significantly changed metabolites revealed that acrylamide strongly disrupts taurine and hypotaurine metabolism related to a deficient cardiovascular system. Moreover, acrylamide exposure disrupted the de novo synthesis of taurine via cysteine sulfinic acid decarboxylase during early zebrafish embryogenesis. In addition, taurine supplementation (10 mM) effectively alleviates acrylamide‐induced deficient cardiovascular system. Our results demonstrate that acrylamide exposure has a detrimental effect on early heart development in zebrafish due to the inhibition of de novo synthesis of taurine.
A finite volume scheme employing the multipoint flux approximation with diamond stencil for the diffusive‐viscous wave equation on general polyhedral meshes
Authors: Yang Di , Gao Zhiming , Yan Wenjing
Published: October 2024

Based on three‐dimensional seismic wave, simulations have become a pivotal aspect of seismic exploration. The diffusive‐viscous wave equation, initially proposed by Goloshubin et al., is frequently utilized to describe seismic wave propagation in fluid‐saturated media. However, obtaining numerical solutions for this equation has become an urgent issue in recent years. In this study, we present a cell‐centered finite volume scheme utilizing a multipoint flux approximation that employs a “diamond stencil” on general polyhedral meshes to address the diffusive‐viscous wave equation. Numerical tests exhibit that this new scheme attains optimal convergence, and its effectiveness is demonstrated through simulating vibrations induced by an earthquake source.
Effects of Waste Generation on the Load Capacity Factor: A Novel Waste Management Assessment for OECD Countries
Authors: Pata Ugur Korkut , Pata Selin Karlilar , Erdogan Sinan
Published: October 2024

The increase in global waste generation is an important issue directly addressed in the Sustainable Development Goal (SDG)‐12 and OECD countries produce large amounts of waste. In this context, the study examines the influence of waste generated and recycled on the load capacity factor (biocapacity/ecological footprint) in 28 OECD countries from 2000 to 2021 using novel panel data approaches. The study employs augmented mean group and novel half‐panel jackknife estimation approaches within the Load Capacity Curve (LCC) hypothesis and confirms the LCC for OECD nations. In addition, the long‐term prediction results illustrate that waste generation increases environmental destruction, while waste recycled supports the increase in the load capacity factor. The study recommends policymakers in OECD countries to support economic growth and increase investment in waste recycling technologies to achieve SDG‐12.
Childhood poverty, social support, immigration background and adolescent health and life satisfaction: A population‐based longitudinal study
Authors: Gill Randip , Karim Mohammad Ehsanul , Puyat Joseph H. , Guhn Martin , Petteni Monique Gagné , Oberle Eva , Janus Magdalena , Georgiades Katholiki , Gadermann Anne M.
Published: October 2024

Objectives

This study examined whether poverty (neighborhood and household) was associated with future health or life satisfaction outcomes and whether the association operated through social support (adult support at home, adult support at school, peer belonging), or differed by the immigration background (nonimmigrant family or immigrant family) of the family.

Methods

This study utilized a retrospective, longitudinal, population‐based cohort that included self‐reported survey data from the Middle Years Development Instrument (MDI) completed by children at age 9 and age 12, linked to administrative records. Participants included 5906 children in British Columbia, Canada. Neighborhood and household poverty were observed at age 8. Social support from adults and peers was self‐reported at age 9. Outcomes (overall health; life satisfaction) were self‐reported at age 12. Adjusted multi‐level multiple linear regression analyses and parallel mediation analyses were utilized. The interaction between poverty exposure and immigration background was also examined.

Results

Exposure to either poverty type was associated with lower levels of life satisfaction and overall health at age 12, though household poverty appeared to be associated with lower outcomes in comparison to neighborhood poverty. The indirect effects of poverty on outcomes appeared to operate primarily through adult support at home and peer belonging. Children in immigrant families had a larger negative association between neighborhood poverty and life satisfaction.

Conclusions

Household poverty had a larger negative association to outcomes in comparison to neighborhood poverty. The association of poverty to outcomes differed by immigration background and operated partially through adult support at home and peer belonging.
Dictionary Learning Method Based on K‐Sparse Approximation and Orthogonal Procrustes Analysis for Reconstruction in Bioluminescence Tomography
Authors: Su Linzhi , Chen Limin , Tang Wenlong , Gao Huimin , Chen Yi , Gao Chengyi , Yi Huangjian , Cao Xin
Published: October 2024

Bioluminescence tomography (BLT) is one kind of noninvasive optical molecular imaging technology, widely used to study molecular activities and disease progression inside live animals. By combining the optical propagation model and inversion algorithm, BLT enables three‐dimensional imaging and quantitative analysis of light sources within organisms. However, challenges like light scattering and absorption in tissues, and the complexity of biological structures, significantly impact the accuracy of BLT reconstructions. Here, we propose a dictionary learning method based on K‐sparse approximation and Orthogonal Procrustes analysis (KSAOPA). KSAOPA uses an iterative alternating optimization strategy, enhancing solution sparsity with k‐coefficients Lipschitzian mappings for sparsity(K‐LIMAPS) in the sparse coding stage, and reducing errors with Orthogonal Procrustes analysis in the dictionary update stage, leading to stable and precise reconstructions. We assessed the method performance through simulations and in vivo experiments, which showed that KSAOPA excels in localization accuracy, morphological recovery, and in vivo applicability compared to other methods.
Biocompatible and Safe Decellularized Spinach With Antibacterial and Wound Healing Activity
Authors: Ksouri Rihab , Aksel Hamide , Saghrouchni Hamza , Saygideger Yasemin
Published: October 2024

Creating acellular vascularized constructs from animal and plant tissue is one of the well‐known strategies for scaffold assembly. Decellularization takes an important position among these strategies. The most common method is chemical decellularization. This approach employs high concentrations of detergents, primarily Triton X‐100, sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS), and sodium hypochlorite (SH). In this work, novel techniques for decellularizing spinach were developed using detergents frequently utilized in laboratories. Spinach leaves were decellularized using Tween‐20, SDS, and SH at low concentrations to generate an acellular plant matrix for tissue engineering. We measured the quantities of DNA and protein, as well as the decellularization using hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining. The biocompatibility and capacity of the biostructures to stimulate fibroblast wound healing were assessed using MTT and the Scratch assay. The antibacterial activity of the scaffolds was also tested against a gram‐positive bacterium, Staphilococcus aureus, which is a common pathogen associated with wound healing. The best shape, evident vascularization, and good biocompatibility were seen in the Tween‐20 decellularized samples at 1% concentration at 21°C and 37°C through the enhancement of cell proliferation and wound healing. In terms of antibacterial activity, all scaffold samples had a significant effect on Staphilococcus aureus, where the number of bacterial colonies in all six scaffold groups became zero after 4 h of treatment. The scaffolds also showed a 100% kill rate on Staphilococcus aureus, which could avoid wound infection during the repair process, and that can be suggested as a scaffold for tissue engineering applications and an important constituent for pharmacological activities.
Investigation into the significant role of dermal‐epidermal interactions in skin ageing utilising a bioengineered skin construct
Authors: Costello Lydia , Goncalves Kirsty , De Los Santos Gomez Paola , Hulette Ben , Dicolandrea Teresa , Flagler Michael J. , Isfort Robert , Oblong John , Bascom Charlie , Przyborski Stefan
Published: October 2024

Increased prevalence of skin ageing is a growing concern due to an ageing global population and has both sociological and psychological implications. The use of more clinically predictive in vitro methods for dermatological research is becoming commonplace due to initiatives and the cost of clinical testing. In this study, we utilise a well‐defined and characterised bioengineered skin construct as a tool to investigate the cellular and molecular dynamics involved in skin ageing from a dermal perspective. Through incorporation of ageing fibroblasts into the dermal compartment we demonstrate the significant impact of dermal‐epidermal crosstalk on the overlying epidermal epithelium. We characterise the paracrine nature of dermal‐epidermal communication and the impact this has during skin ageing. Soluble factors, such as inflammatory cytokines released as a consequence of senescence associated secretory phenotype (SASP) from ageing fibroblasts, are known to play a pivotal role in skin ageing. Here, we demonstrate their effect on epidermal morphology and thickness, but not keratinocyte differentiation or tissue structure. Through a novel in vitro strategy utilising bioengineered tissue constructs, this study offers a unique reductionist approach to study epidermal and dermal compartments in isolation and tandem.
Evaluation of Anterior and Middle Brain Structures With Cerebrovascular Flow in Fetuses With Fetal Growth Restriction: A Prospective Study
Authors: Ulusoy Can Ozan , Ağaoğlu Recep Taha , Sucu Serap Topkapi , Kurt Dilara Sarikaya , Bucak Mevlüt , Şeyhanli Zeynep , Yücel Kadriye Yakut
Published: October 2024

Objective

To investigate the adaptation of the anterior cerebral artery (ACA) in fetuses with fetal growth restriction (FGR) and assess if forebrain and midbrain structures are affected by vascular adaptations.

Methods

A prospective case–control study involving normally developed fetuses and those with late‐onset FGR (estimated fetal weight < 3rd percentile and/or abdominal circumference < 3rd percentile). Doppler indices of the middle cerebral artery (MCA), ACA and umbilical artery (UA) were determined between 32 + 0 and 37 + 0 weeks. Neurosonography assessed the depth of the insula, the sylvian fissure, and the antero‐posterior diameter of the frontal lobes (FAPD).

Results

The cerebral‐placental ratio (CPR) and cerebro‐placental‐uterine ratio (CPUR) were lower in FGR cases. ACA PI percentile values were significantly lower in the FGR group (p = 0.020). Sylvian fissure depth was significantly lower in FGR fetuses.

Conclusion

The ACA may be the first cranial vascular structure affected in fetuses with FGR. This may be related to the impact on postnatal cognitive functions in FGR patients.

Trial Registration: NCT06215690
Clock Gene Expression in Eel Retina and Hypothalamus: Response to Photoperiod and Moonlight
Authors: Hyeon Ji‐Yeon , Byun Jun‐Hwan , Kim Byeong‐Hoon , Hettiarachchi Sachithra Amarin , Han Jeonghoon , Choi Young‐Ung , Noh Choong‐Hwan , Takeuchi Yuki , Choi Soo‐Youn , Park Jong‐Eun , Hur Sung‐Pyo
Published: October 2024

Assessment of the clock genes, Period (Per) 1, Per2, Per3, and Cryptochrome (Cry) 2, Cry3, and Cry4, can help better understand eel spawning ecology. In this study, the circadian rhythm and moonlight effects of these clock genes in the eel retina and hypothalamus were analyzed. We examined clock gene expression patterns under 12 h light:12 h darkness (12L12D), constant darkness (DD), and constant light (LL) conditions; under short photoperiod (SP; 9L15D) and long photoperiod (LP; 15L9D), and during the new moon (NM) and full moon in male eels. Per2 expression increased after sunrise, Cry2, and Cry4 expression increased around sunset, and Per1, Per3, and Cry3 expression increased before sunrise. Under SP conditions, oscillations of retinal Per3 and Cry4, which did not occur under LP conditions, were generated. In addition, retinal Cry4 oscillation was generated under NM conditions. These results suggest that the retina of the eel may play an important role in regulating circadian rhythm, and migration is initiated by the synchronization of clock genes by moonlight, suggesting that photic signals are closely related to the migratory activity of the eel.
The suppression of OTUD7B by miR‐491‐5p enhances the ubiquitination of VEGFA to suppress vascular mimicry in non‐small cell lung cancer
Authors: Chen Xiaofei , He Lijun , Zhong Hai , Yan Chenxin , Ke Bin , Shi Lin
Published: October 2024

Background

Non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is the main type of lung cancer with high morbidity and mortality. Vascular mimicry (VM), a distinct microcirculation model in tumors that differs from classical angiogenesis, is strongly associated with poor clinical outcomes in cancer patients. miR‐491‐5p has been reported to prevent NSCLC progression, including proliferation, metastasis, and angiogenesis. However, the effect and mechanism of miR‐491‐5p on VM have not been studied in NSCLC.

Methods

The expression of miR‐491‐5p was detected by quantitative reverse transcription PCR (qPCR) and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH). Cell counting kit‐8 (CCK‐8) and 5‐ethynyl‐2′‐deoxyuridine (EdU) staining assays were used to examine cell growth. Tube formation assay was used to assess VM in NSCLC cells. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) and western blot were performed to detect protein expression. Immunoprecipitation was used to confirm the interaction between OTU deubiquitinase 7B (OTUD7B) and vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGFA), and the level of ubiquitinated VEGFA. A nude mouse tumorigenesis model was used to evaluate the carcinogenic capacity of NSCLC cells in vivo. Luciferase reporter assay was used to identify the potential target of miR‐491‐5p.

Results

MiR‐491‐5p was found downregulated in NSCLC tissues, and miR‐491‐5p deficiency was strongly associated with angiogenesis. miR‐491‐5p mimics suppressed cell viability, migration, and VM. Conversely, an inhibitor of miR‐491‐5p had the opposite effect. OTUD7B, a deubiquitinase, was identified as a downstream target of miR‐491‐5p. A luciferase reporter assay indicated that miR‐491‐5p directly binds to the 3′UTR of OTUD7B. Moreover, mimics of miR‐491‐5p caused a significant reduction in the OTUD7B protein in NSCLC cells, and an inhibitor of miR‐491‐5p stabilized the OTUD7B protein. In addition, overexpression of OTUD7B promoted cell proliferation, migration, and VM, similar to the effects of an inhibitor of miR‐491‐5p. Further exploration revealed that OTUD7B interacts with VEGFA and that the miR‐491‐5p‐OTUD7B axis modulates the ubiquitination of VEGFA. The rescue experiment indicated that OTUD7B compromised the inhibitory effects of miR‐491‐5p on the cellular function of NSCLC cells.

Conclusions

Overall, our study first proved that miR‐491‐5p impedes VM by suppressing OUTD7B and promoting the ubiquitination of VEGFA. The miR‐491‐5p/OTUD7B axis may be a novel target for antiangiogenic therapy in NSCLC.
Basilica: New canonical decomposition in matching theory
Authors: Kita Nanao
Published: October 2024

In matching theory, one of the most fundamental and classical branches of combinatorics, canonical decompositions of graphs are powerful and versatile tools that form the basis of this theory. However, the abilities of the known canonical decompositions, that is, the Dulmage–Mendelsohn, Kotzig–Lovász, and Gallai–Edmonds decompositions, are limited because they are only applicable to particular classes of graphs, such as bipartite graphs, or they are too sparse to provide sufficient information. To overcome these limitations, we introduce a new canonical decomposition that is applicable to all graphs and provides much finer information. This decomposition also provides the answer to the longstanding absence of a canonical decomposition that is nontrivially applicable to general graphs with perfect matchings. We focus on the notion of factor‐components as the fundamental building blocks of a graph; through the factor‐components, our new canonical decomposition states how a graph is organized and how it contains all the maximum matchings. The main results that constitute our new theory are the following: (i) a canonical partial order over the set of factor‐components, which describes how a graph is constructed from its factor‐components; (ii) a generalization of the Kotzig–Lovász decomposition, which shows the inner structure of each factor‐component in the context of the entire graph; and (iii) a canonically described interrelationship between (i) and (ii), which integrates these two results into a unified theory of a canonical decomposition. These results are obtained in a self‐contained way, and our proof of the generalized Kotzig–Lovász decomposition contains a shortened and self‐contained proof of the classical counterpart.
Screening Proteins That Interact With AcHog1 and the Functional Analysis of AcSko1 in Aspergillus cristatus
Authors: Shao Lei , Liu Zuoyi , Liu Yongxiang , Tan Yumei
Published: October 2024

Aspergillus cristatus is a dominant fungus formed during the “flowering” process of Fuzhuan brick tea. Previous research has established that the sporulation of Aspergillus nidulans, a model organism of filamentous fungi, is regulated by light. However, the sporulation of A. cristatus is dependent on osmotic stress. In a previous study, we used pull‐down and mass spectrometry to identify proteins that interacted with AcHog1 in A. cristatus when cultured under different conditions of osmotic stress. In the present study, we analyzed the proteins we identified previously to investigate their functional role. The AA1E3BER4 protein was located downstream of Hog1 in the HOG branch pathway and was identified that was regulated by AcHog1. Furthermore, yeast two‐hybrid analysis showed that AA1E3BER4 interacted with AcHog1. In addition, we knocked out and complemented the Acsko1 gene encoding the AA1E3BER4 protein. We found that the number of sexual and asexual spores were downregulated by 3.81‐ and 4.57‐fold, respectively, in the ΔAcsko1 strain. The sensitivity of the ΔAcsko1 strain to sorbitol and sucrose, as regulators of osmotic stress, increased, and the sensitivity to high sucrose was higher than that of sorbitol. Acsko1 also regulated the response of A. cristatus to oxidative stress, Congo red, and SDS (sodium dodecyl sulfate). In addition, the deletion of Acsko1 significantly increased the pigment of the ΔAcsko1 strain. This is the first study to report the role of the sko1 gene in oxidative stress, stress‐induced damage to the cell wall, and pigment in Aspergillus cristatus.
Evaluation and projection of changes in temperature and precipitation over Northwest China based on CMIP6 models
Authors: Song Xuanyu , Xu Min , Kang Shichang , Wang Rongjun , Wu Hao
Published: October 2024

Northwest China is much more sensitive to climate warming, and the climate has varied rapidly from warm and drought to warm and humid conditions. In addition, due to the complex terrain of Northwest China, the methods and parameterization schemes of different CMIP6 models, these models are mostly applied to arid areas in Northwest China or Central Asia, lacking climate data for plateau areas and eastern Lanzhou, specifically in filtering CMIP6 models and evaluating applicable models. In this paper, 34 CMIP6 climate models are used to evaluate and forecast future trends in Northwest China under the SSP126, SSP245 and SSP585 scenarios in the short, medium and long term. CMIP6 models of temperature and precipitation are identified by applying the interannual variability skill score (IVS) between CN05.1 datasets and historical CMIP6 models, which are suitable for Northwest China. Then, we assess the characteristics, warming and wetting deviations, and uncertainties in the prediction of climatic change according to CMIP6 models over Northwest China. The results show that CMIP6 models in precipitation and temperature applicable to Northwest China are AWI‐CM‐1‐1‐MR, BCC‐CSM2‐MR, FGOALS‐g3, INM‐CM4‐8, INM‐CM5‐0 and MRI‐ESM2‐0. The multi‐model ensemble mean (MMEM) has better capability than individual CMIP6 models in precipitation and temperature prediction. Spatiotemporal climatic change over Northwest China shows overall warming and wetting trends. The IVS provides the ability to estimate CMIP6 model simulation performance both temporally and spatially. The temperature simulation is quite good in the Tarim Basin and Hexi Corridor region, and the precipitation simulation is quite good in the plateau region, Altai Mountains, Tianshan Mountains and Hexi Corridor region. Cold and wet deviations occur in Northwest China due to the topography and few stations, which are common reasons. The main sources of uncertainties in temperature prediction during this century are model uncertainty (before the 2090s) and scenario variability (after the 2090s), and model uncertainty in precipitation for CMIP6 becomes the main source of uncertainty.
Typology and impact of follower responses to social media influencer “promotional crisis”
Authors: Rynarzewska Ania Izabela , Nafees Lubna , Nikolov Atanas Nik
Published: October 2024

This study introduces a typology of follower responses to seemingly deceptive promotional content by a social media influencer (SMI) and the effects of those responses on observers. Through a large‐scale, mixed‐methods analysis of an influencer's “promotional crisis” in early 2023, popularly known as “Mascaragate” on TikTok, we identified follower engagement types that potentially harm both SMI and the promoted brand. The crisis sparked an unusually high level of network activity, providing valuable insights into the ripple effects of follower reactions. Drawing on parasocial relationship theory and social capital theory, we proposed that interactions between influencers and their followers, as well as among followers, evolve systematically through linguistic and social cues. These interactions can shift the original meaning of the influencer's message, leading to unintended consequences for both SMI and the brand. Through netnography and k‐means cluster analysis, we identified three distinct clusters of followers with unique attitudes toward the post and SMI. One group (i.e., “Type 1”) was particularly adept at reshaping the meaning of the SMI post through rational engagement with other followers. A subsequent experiment assessed the impact of each group's comments on the observers within a broader community network, focusing on credibility, skepticism, and the impact of social media dependency. The findings offer practical tools for brands and SMIs to analyze follower comment patterns and suggest strategies for addressing crises stemming from SMI‐linked promotional content, ultimately helping to preserve brand reputation and trust.