bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Do the Joint British Society (JBS2) guidelines on prevention of cardiovascular disease with respect to plasma glucose improve risk stratification in the general population? Prospective cohort study
Authors: Brunner E. J. , Shipley M. J. , Marmot M. G. , Kivimaki M. , Witte D. R.
Published: April 2010

Diabet. Med. 27, 550–555 (2010)

Aims  British guidelines on vascular disease prevention recommend adding a random (casual) blood glucose measurement to a lipid profile in those aged ≥ 40 years. To assess this recommendation, we compared the predictive value of a risk model based on the Framingham risk score alone to one which additionally included information on fasting blood glucose, with respect to incident coronary heart disease (CHD) over 11 years.

Method  Men and women aged 40–63 years in Whitehall II were followed up for incident CHD: death/non‐fatal myocardial infarction; angina confirmed by doctor diagnosis or electrocardiogram (ECG) and all first events. Fasting blood glucose was specified as a continuous variable or categorized by World Health Organization (WHO) 1999 glycaemic status (normal glucose tolerance, impaired fasting glucose or newly diagnosed diabetes).

Results  The hazard ratio for incident CHD was 1.10 (95%CI 1.09; 1.12) in men and 1.13 (1.10; 1.17) in women per percentage point increase in Framingham risk. The excess risk remained unchanged in models which added glycaemic status or continuous fasting glucose. The area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve for the Framingham score and incident coronary heart disease [0.70 (0.68; 0.73)] did not change when glycaemic status or fasting glucose was added to the prediction model. Reclassification with these modified models improved discrimination based on the Framingham score alone when glycaemic status was added, net reclassification improvement 2.4% (95% CI 0.2%; 4.6%), but not when fasting glucose was added.

Conclusion  Better detection of unrecognized diabetes is a valuable consequence of including a random blood glucose in a vascular risk profile. Our results suggest that this strategy is unlikely to improve risk stratification for CHD.
The relationship between self‐monitored blood glucose values and glycated haemoglobin in insulin‐treated patients with Type 2 diabetes
Authors: Sarwat S. , Ilag L. L. , Carey M. A. , Shrom D. S. , Heine R. J.
Published: April 2010

Diabet. Med. 27, 589–592 (2010)

Aims  Self‐monitoring of blood glucose (SMBG) is an important self‐management tool for insulin‐treated patients with Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Its value in estimating glycaemic control in insulin‐treated T2DM patients remains unclear. The relationship between glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) and SMBG measures in T2DM patients treated with premixed insulin lispro mixtures or basal insulin glargine was examined.

Methods  HbA1c and plasma equivalent glucose (PGe) data derived from SMBG profiles were pooled from five randomized clinical trials of patients with T2DM on one or more oral glucose‐lowering medication ± 0–2 insulin injections per day switching to insulin lispro mixtures (N = 317) or glargine (N = 306). Patients generated seven‐point SMBG profiles three times in a 2‐week period prior to each HbA1c measurement. Pearson’s correlation coefficients (r) were calculated for PGe values and HbA1c. Receiver–operating characteristic (ROC) curves determined the ability of sets of PGe to estimate HbA1c (< or > 7.0%).

Results  Mean ± standard deviation age was 57.5 ± 9.5 years, body mass index 31.3 ± 5.6 kg/m2, 52.5% were male and HbA1c overall was 7.4 ± 1.0% at end‐point. Among individual SMBG measures, r for HbA1c ranged from 0.34 to 0.49. For means of two or more PGe measures, r for HbA1c ranged from 0.51 to 0.59. Correlations were similar for either regimen. ROC curves were consistent with the correlation data.

Conclusions  These data provide patients and clinicians information on the relationship between HbA1c and SMBG measurements in patients with T2DM, and support the value of frequent blood glucose measurements for assessing overall glycaemic control.
ELPylated anti‐human TNF therapeutic single‐domain antibodies for prevention of lethal septic shock
Authors: Conrad Udo , Plagmann Ingo , Malchow Sven , Sack Markus , Floss Doreen M. , Kruglov Andrei A. , Nedospasov Sergei A. , Rose‐John Stefan , Scheller Jürgen
Published: April 2010

Tumour necrosis factor (TNF) is a major pro‐inflammatory cytokine involved in multiple inflammatory diseases. The detrimental activity of TNF can be blocked by various antagonists, and commercial therapeutics based upon this principle have been approved for treatment of diseases including rheumatoid arthritis, Crohn’s disease and psoriasis. In a search for new, improved anti‐inflammatory therapeutics we have designed a single‐domain monoclonal antibody (VHH), which recognizes TNF. The antibody component (TNF‐VHH) is based upon an anti‐human TNF Camelidae heavy‐chain monoclonal antibody, which was linked to an elastin‐like polypeptide (ELP). We demonstrate that ELP fusion to the TNF‐VHH enhances accumulation of the fusion protein during biomanufacturing in transgenic tobacco plants. With this study, we show for the first time that this plant‐derived anti‐human TNF‐VHH antibody was biologically active in vivo. Therefore, therapeutic application of TNF‐VHH‐ELP fusion protein was tested in humanized TNF mice and was shown to be effective in preventing death caused by septic shock. The in vivo persistence of the ELPylated antibody was ∼24 fold longer than that of non‐ELPylated TNF‐VHH.
What are the Future Prospects for the European Social Model? An Analysis of EU Equal Opportunities and Employment Policy
Authors: Ter Haar Beryl Philine , Copeland Paul
Published: April 2010

The aim of our article is to examine the future prospects of the European Social Model (ESM). First, the article defines the ESM as a mixture of hard law, soft law and underlying norms and values. Second, the article analyses the ESM on a more detailed level in the case of the law of equal opportunities and employment through a historical account and the legal dynamics of integration. The results of the analysis indicate a growing integration capacity of the ESM. Yet, this runs counter to the current neoliberal preferences of the Barroso Commission which has moved from a strategy of combining economic growth and social cohesion, to one in which economic growth creates social cohesion.
Article 345 TFEU (ex Article 295 EC), Its Meanings and Interpretations
Authors: Akkermans Bram , Ramaekers Eveline
Published: April 2010

Research that has been conducted over the last decades shows that neither the scope of application nor the exact meaning of Article 345 TFEU (ex Article 295 EC) is clear from its wording. This article seeks to clarify its meaning through analysis of the drafting of the Article as well as the use of it by the EU's institutions and by the Member States. Article 345 TFEU, formerly Article 295 EC and, before that, Article 222 EEC, is an Article that limits, but not prevents, the application of the TFEU Treaty as a whole to the way in which rules of a Member State deal with the right of ownership of undertakings. The conclusion can be drawn that Article 345 TFEU only concerns the private or public ownership of undertakings, with which the Community shall not concern itself and which can thus be regulated by the Member States themselves. Most importantly, the Article does not concern the content of the right of ownership, nor the objects of a right of ownership. It does therefore not form an obstacle to the development of a European property law.
Between Procedural Impermeability and Constitutional Openness: The Italian Constitutional Court and Preliminary References to the European Court of Justice
Authors: Fontanelli Filippo , Martinico Giuseppe
Published: April 2010

On 15 April 2008, the Italian Constitutional Court (ICC) raised for the first time a preliminary question to the European Court of Justice (ECJ). This decision (see judgment No 102/2008 and order No 103/2008) represented a turning point in the ICC's case‐law, and calls for a careful assessment of the motives backing such revirement as well as of the legal reasoning that the Italian judges used to wrap it up without repudiating their previous case‐law. In addition to this preliminary analysis, the aim of this essay is to explore two themes: i) the developments of the ICC's case‐law as regards the role of Community Law and the ECJ, and ii) the appraisal of the interplay between the ICC and the ECJ in the light of the notion of ‘interpretive competition’.
An assessment of the proximity of clothing to self scale for older persons
Authors: Lee Young‐A , Sontag Mary Suzanne
Published: April 2010

Sontag and Lee developed the Proximity of Clothing to Self (PCS) Scale, an objective measure of the psychological closeness of clothing to the self, and validated a 4‐factor, 24‐item scale with adolescents. The research reported here extends their work by validating a 3‐factor, 19‐item PCS Scale for use with older persons, age 65 and over. A mail survey was sent to a national random sample of 1700 older persons in the United States resulting in 250 respondents in the final sample. Three analytical rounds of confirmatory factor analysis to test the construct validity of the PCS Scale were conducted by using a structural equation modelling programme. The validated three PCS dimensions (i.e. factors) are clothing in relation to: (1) self as structure – process; (2) self‐esteem – evaluative and affective processes; and (3) body image and body cathexis. The researchers recommend using this 19‐item PCS Scale for future consumer behaviour research on older persons when investigating the importance of dress, clothing needs or clothing involvement to meet basic human needs, self‐esteem, life satisfaction and successful aging.
The Impending Peak and Decline of Petroleum Production: an Underestimated Challenge for Conservation of Ecological Integrity
Authors: CZÚCZ BÁLINT , GATHMAN JOSEPH P. , McPHERSON GUY R.
Published: April 2010

Abstract:  In the last few decades petroleum has been consumed at a much faster pace than new reserves have been discovered. The point at which global oil extraction will attain a peak (“peak oil”) and begin a period of unavoidable decline is approaching. This eventuality will drive fundamental changes in the quantity and nature of energy flows through the human economic system, which probably will be accompanied by economic turmoil, political conflicts, and a high level of social tension. Besides being a geological and economic issue, peak oil is also a fundamental concern as it pertains to ecological systems and conservation because economics is a subsystem of the global ecosystem and changes in human energy‐related behaviors can lead to a broad range of effects on natural ecosystems, ranging from overuse to abandonment. As it becomes more difficult to meet energy demands, environmental considerations may be easily superseded. Given the vital importance of ecosystems and ecosystem services in a postpetroleum era, it is crucially important to wisely manage our ecosystems during the transition period to an economy based on little or no use of fossil fuels. Good policies can be formulated through awareness and understanding gained from scenario‐based assessments. Presently, most widely used global scenarios of environmental change do not incorporate resource limitation, including those of the Millennium Ecosystem Assessment and the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. Considering the potential magnitude of the effects of peak oil on society and nature, the development of resource‐constrained scenarios should be addressed immediately. Ecologists and conservation biologists are in an important position to analyze the situation and provide guidance, yet the topic is noticeably absent from ecological discussions. We urge politicians, corporate chief executives, thought leaders, and citizens to consider this problem seriously because it is likely to develop into one of the key environmental issues of the 21st century.
Acrodermatitis Acidemica: Experience of 5 Years in Andalusia
Authors: DOMINGUEZ‐CRUZ J. , BUENO‐DELGADO M. , BERNABEU‐WITTEL J. , DELGADO‐PECELLIN C. , CONEJO‐MIR J.
Published: April 2010

Letters to the Editor are welcomed for publication (subject to editing). Letters must be signed by all authors, and must not exceed two pages of text including references. Letters should not duplicate material submitted or published in other journals. Prepublication proofs will not be provided.
Severe Hypoglycemia During Successful Treatment of Diffuse Hemangiomatosis with Propranolol
Authors: Bonifazi Ernesto , Acquafredda Angelo , Milano Antonella , Montagna Osvaldo , Laforgia Nicola
Published: April 2010

Abstract:  A 27‐day‐old male infant with diffuse hemangiomatosis of the skin and liver was treated with oral propranolol at a dosage of 2 mg/kg per day. Five months later skin and liver hemangiomas regressed almost completely. After 160 days of onset of propranolol, the patient presented with seizures on waking up. Laboratory examinations showed blood glucose of 15 mmol (n.v. 50–110) and increased ketone bodies. Propranolol was recommenced at a lower dosage the day after the crisis and then withdrawn when the baby was aged ten months. Hypoglycemia is the most frequent and insidious side effect of propranolol, mainly occurring in circumstances with diminished oral intake. Although the risk appears small, increased vigilance for hypoglycemia in children on chronic propranolol treatment who have decreased caloric intake for any reason seems prudent.
Extensive Comedonal and Cystic Acne in Patau Syndrome
Authors: TORRELO ANTONIO , FERNANDEZ‐CREHUET PABLO , DEL PRADO ELENA , MARTES PILAR , HERNÁNDEZ‐MARTÍN ANGELA , DE DIEGO VERÓNICA , CARAPETO FRANCISCO
Published: April 2010

Abstract:  Patau syndrome is a chromosomal disorder associated with multiple malformations caused by inheritence of an extra chromosome (trisomy 13). Some skin defects have been reported in patients with Patau syndrome, such as scalp defects, glabellar stains, deep palmar creases, rocker‐bottom feet, convex soles, hyperconvextity of the nails, and multiple hemangiomas. To our knowledge, widespread comedonal and cystic acne have not been previously reported in Patau syndrome.
Bloom Syndrome in Two Siblings
Authors: Sultan Sheikh Javeed , Sultan Sheikh Tariq
Published: April 2010

Abstract:  Bloom syndrome (congenital telangiectatic erythema) is a rare autosomal recessive disorder characterized by telangiectasias and photosensitivity, growth deficiency of prenatal onset, variable degrees of immunodeficiency, and increased susceptibility to neoplasms of many sites and types. We are reporting Bloom syndrome in two brothers from Kashmir (India), 8 and 6 years of age, who presented with erythematous rashes on the face, photosensitivity, and growth retardation.
Perianal Bowen Disease in a Child with Human Immunodeficiency Virus
Authors: Carroll Kathleen A. , Pierce Jeffrey , Kovarik Carrie L.
Published: April 2010

Abstract:  Individuals infected with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) are at increased risk for human papillomavirus (HPV)‐related cancers of the anogenital region. A majority of these cancers have been reported in adult patients; few reports are available regarding anogenital HPV‐associated carcinomas developing in children. We report a case of perianal Bowen disease in an HIV‐positive child. An 8‐year‐old HIV‐positive boy with a history of perianal verrucous lesions presented to a clinic in Lesotho because his caregiver noted his lesions were changing in color, texture, and extent. Histologic sections revealed squamous cell carcinoma in situ. Several cases of anogenital condyloma in HIV‐positive children have been reported, but very few cases of HPV‐associated cancer. Children with vertically transmitted HIV may be uniquely susceptible to persistent infection with strains of HPV acquired perinatally. While the introduction of highly active antiretroviral therapy has resulted in immune restoration, decreased opportunistic infection, and increased life expectancy for children and adults with HIV, it has not affected the incidence of HPV‐related cancers in these patients. The increased life expectancy of children with HIV may actually put them at risk for developing an HPV‐related anogenital cancer.
Hemorrhagic, Bullous Henoch Schonlein Purpura in a 16‐Year‐Old Girl with Previously Undiagnosed Dominant Dystrophic Epidermolysis Bullosa
Authors: ABDULLA FARAH , SHETH ANITA P. , LUCKY ANNE W.
Published: April 2010

Abstract:  A 16‐year‐old girl presenting with systemic and cutaneous symptoms of hemorrhagic Henoch‐Schonlein purpura continued to develop bullae on top of old scars. Past history was significant for bullae on the feet and legs after trauma. Based on history, physical examination, disease course, and biopsy, the patient, her mother, and other family members were diagnosed with dominant dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa, explaining the severe course and complications of her Henoch‐Schonlein purpura.
Individual Variability of the Cutaneous Larva Migrans (CLM) Incubation Period
Authors: SIRIEZ JEAN‐YVES , ANGOULVANT FRANÇOIS , BUFFET PIERRE , CLEOPHAX CÉDRIC , BOURRAT EMMANUELLE
Published: April 2010

Abstract:  Whether the high variable incubation period of cutaneous larva migrans depends on the parasite or other host factors remains unknown. Two brothers were contaminated simultaneously, but had 15‐ and 165‐day incubation periods, respectively, suggesting a possible influence of host factors. A long incubation period does not rule out cutaneous larva migrans in patients with creeping eruption.
Fatal Malignant Melanoma in an Adolescent
Authors: NIXON RAMONA SARSAMA , GEISS DAVID , CAMPBELL SHANNON
Published: April 2010

Abstract:  Malignant melanoma is a relatively rare diagnosis in the adolescent population. A case report of a 15‐year‐old boy with metastatic malignant melanoma is presented followed by a brief review of the literature.
Unusual Cystic Scalp Lesions in Gorlin Syndrome: A Brief Report
Authors: FINDLEY ALYSSA B. , PRIDE HOWARD
Published: April 2010

Abstract:  Nevoid basal cell carcinoma syndrome (Gorlin syndrome) is a rare, autosomal dominant syndrome that is known to have variable expressivity in multiple organ systems. We describe the case of a young male child with nevoid basal cell carcinoma syndrome and scalp lesions, including a branchial cleft cyst with respiratory epithelium and a rudimentary meningocele. These are both new, previously unreported findings, possibly associated with nevoid basal cell carcinoma syndrome.
Reliable Methods to Evaluate the Clinical Severity of Ichthyosis
Authors: Kamalpour Loebat , Rice Zakiya P. , Pavlis Michelle , Veledar Emir , Chen Suephy C.
Published: April 2010

Abstract:  A reliable method for assessing ichthyosis severity has not been uniformly agreed upon. The objective of our study was to develop and validate a tool to measure the clinical severity of the congenital ichthyoses, the Congenital Ichthyoses Severity Index. A prospective study was performed to determine reliability of three Likert scales to evaluate clinical severity of ichthyosis. Thirty‐eight subjects recruited from the Foundation for Ichthyosis and Related Skin Types National Conference were evaluated separately by two blinded investigators using the Likert scales. Subjects were then asked to evaluate themselves using these scales. Inter‐rater reliability was determined between ratings provided by all three raters. Test–retest validation was conducted with 21 subjects who completed follow‐up surveys 4 weeks later. Our severity scales had excellent inter‐rater and test–retest reliability as determined by intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC >0.7), with the exception of our hyperkeratosis scale, which demonstrated moderate test–retest reliability (ICC = 0.4). This pilot study provides a promising method for evaluating clinical severity of the congenital ichthyoses, one easily employed by both physicians and patients. Future epidemiologic studies may benefit from use of this instrument, as well as studies evaluating emerging therapies for ichthyosis.
Oculocutaneous albinism associated with multiple malformations and psychomotor retardation
Authors: BUDISTEANU MAGDALENA , ARGHIR AURORA , CHIRIEAC SORINA MIHAELA , CARDOS GEORGETA , LUNGEANU AGRIPINA
Published: April 2010

Abstract:  We present a case of oculocutaneous albinism in a child associating multiple malformations (preaxial polydactyly, small penis, cardiac malformation) and psychomotor retardation. To our knowledge, this association has not been previously described.
Validation of a Mexican Spanish Version of the Children’s Dermatology Life Quality Index
Authors: Ramírez‐Anaya Marisol , Macías Mario Enrique Rendón , Velázquez‐González Edmundo
Published: April 2010

Abstract:  The Children’s Dermatology Quality Index was developed as a tool to evaluate the quality‐of‐life in children with skin diseases. While a useful, self‐administered scale, it has not been validated in Spanish for Mexican children. The aim of this study was to validate a Mexican version. Direct English‐Spanish translation of the Children’s Dermatology Quality Index was performed by two translators, and a single version was produced by a consensus of experts. Clarity was tested in a cohort of 60 healthy children. A reverse English‐Spanish translation was performed. In a second stage, the quality‐of‐life was evaluated in a cohort of 64 pediatric patients with atopic dermatitis using the SCOring Atopic Dermatitis Index and COOP‐Dartmouth questionnaires, and its severity evaluated with SCOring Atopic Dermatitis Index. Sixty‐four patients (32 males), aged 11.8 ± 2.9 years, with atopic dermatitis of 1 to 3 years of evolution were evaluated. The Mexican Spanish version of the Children’s Dermatology Quality Index showed a high internal consistency (Cronbach’s Alpha = 0.83; (CI95% = 0.76–0.88) and a high test–retest reliability (γs = 0.97, p < 0.001). A high correlation was observed between Children’s Dermatology Quality Index and COOP‐Dartmouth (γs = 0.97, p < 0.001) and moderate correlation with SCOring Atopic Dermatitis Index (γs = 0.53, p < 0.001). The Children’s Dermatology Quality Index questionnaire in its Mexican Spanish version is valid and reliable for evaluating quality‐of‐life in Mexican pediatric patients with atopic dermatitis.
The Progressive Construction of Mind
Authors: Lawler Robert W.
Published: April 2010

We propose a vision of the structure of knowledge and processes of learning based upon the particularity of experience. Highly specific cognitive structures are constructed through activities in limited domains of experience. For new domains, new cognitive structures develop from and can call upon the knowledge of prior structures. Applying this vision of disparate cognitive structures to a detailed case study, we present an interpretation of addition‐related matter from the corpus and trace the interplay of specific experiences with the interactions of ascribed, disparate structures. The interpretive focus is on learning processes through which a broadly applicable skill emerges from the interaction and integration of knowledge based on specific, particular experiences.
Data‐Driven Discovery of Physical Laws
Authors: Langley Pat
Published: April 2010

BACON.3 is a production system that discovers empirical laws. Although it does not attempt to model the human discovery process in detail, it incorporates some general heuristics that can lead to discovery in a number of domains. The main heuristics detect constancies and trends in data, and lead to the formulation of hypotheses and the definition of theoretical terms. Rather than making a hard distinction between data and hypotheses, the program represents information at varying levels of description. The lowest levels correspond to direct observations, while the highest correspond to hypotheses that explain everything so for observed. To take advantage of this representation, BACON.3 has the ability to carry out and relate multiple experiments, collapse hypotheses with identical conditions, ignore differences to let similar concepts be treated as equal, and to discover and ignore irrelevant variables. BACON.3 has shown its generality by rediscovering versions of the ideal gas law, Kepler's third law of planetary motion, Coulomb's law, Ohm's law, and Galileo's laws for the pendulum and constant acceleration.
Mathematical Model Building in the Solution of Mechanics Problems: Human Protocols and the MECHO Trace
Authors: Luger George F.
Published: April 2010

This paper describes model building and manipulation in the solution of problems in mechanics. An automatic problem solver, MECHO, solving problems in several areas of mechanics, employs (1) a knowledge base representing the semantic content of the particular problem area, (2) a means‐ends search strategy similar to GPS to produce sets of simultaneous equations and (3) a “focusing” technique, based on the data within the knowledge base, to guide the GSP‐like search through possible equation instantiations. Sets of predicate logic statements are employed to describe this model building activity. These clauses are used to give information content to the knowledge base and provide both basis and guidance for the goal driven search.

It is hypothesized that humon subjects solving mechanics problems employ similar model building techniques. Protocols of several subjects are presented and comparisons are drawn with the traces of the automated problem solver. Adjustments are made to the program to provide a better fit of traces to protocols. Some implications are presented for using a rule based model for describing human problem solving performance in solving mechanics problems.
Indoor Wet Screening of Exhumed Skeletal Remains: A Suggested Procedure for the Preparation of Fragile Evidence for Anthropological Analysis
Authors: Bunch Ann W.
Published: April 2010

Abstract:  The 2007 exhumation of three children’s graves, located in rural upstate New York and dating to 1979 and 1980, was warranted as their mother had come under suspicion for the death of a child she had been babysitting in late 2006. The local March weather conditions had been wet, and heavy rains fell during the 2‐day process of casket removal. The extremely wet soil and the poor preservation of two wooden caskets increased the likelihood of damage to evidence. After remains’ transport to the forensic center, an indoor wet‐screening station was established so that skeletal elements could be (i) separated from soil matrix and (ii) preserved carefully for analysis. Not only were the remains relatively small and fragile in comparison with those of an adult, but two of the three remains were known to be fire damaged, thus the use of special laboratory preparation techniques was crucial.
Analysis of Age‐at‐Death Estimation Using Data from a New, Modern Autopsy Sample—Part I: Pubic Bone*,†
Authors: Hartnett Kristen M.
Published: April 2010

Abstract:  This research tests the accuracy of age estimation from the pubic bone. Specimens were collected from decedents of known age, sex, and race at the Forensic Science Center (FSC) in Phoenix, Arizona. The collection consists of pubic bones and fourth rib ends from 419 males and 211 females, ranging in age from 18 to 99. Age‐at‐death was estimated by three observers using the Suchey–Brooks method. The correlation results indicate that there are significant differences in the observed versus actual ages (r = 0.68169, p < 0.001) and that there are significant interobserver differences. No significant differences were found in the intra‐observer tests. The FSC pubic bones were sorted based on morphology without knowing age. New descriptions and age ranges were created. A phase seven was described and is comprised of males and females over 70 years of age‐at‐death.
Identification of the Edentulous Individual: An Investigation into the Accuracy of Radiographic Identifications*
Authors: Richmond Raymond , Pretty Iain A.
Published: April 2010

Abstract:  The dental identification of edentulous individuals can be challenging based on the lack of antemortem materials and unique features visible on radiographs. The constant resorption of the alveolar ridges further complicates the process. The purpose of this study was to quantify the error rate and reliability of dental identifications based on a comparison of synthesized antemortem and postmortem radiographs of edentulous individuals. Ten observers examined ten cases on two occasions and reported dichotomous and conclusion level decisions. These were analyzed using Kappa and Receiver Operator Characteristics. The mean area under the curve was 0.75 and the mean sensitivity was 0.57 and specificity was 0.83. These results suggest that dental identifications of edentulous individuals using radiographs alone have a high error rate and should be dual reported. These data add further weight to the argument that all dental prostheses should be labeled.
The Influence of Preburial Insect Access on the Decomposition Rate
Authors: Bachmann Jutta , Simmons Tal
Published: April 2010

Abstract:  This study compared total body score (TBS) in buried remains (35 cm depth) with and without insect access prior to burial. Sixty rabbit carcasses were exhumed at 50 accumulated degree day (ADD) intervals. Weight loss, TBS, intra‐abdominal decomposition, carcass/soil interface temperature, and below‐carcass soil pH were recorded and analyzed. Results showed significant differences (p << 0.001) in decomposition rates between carcasses with and without insect access prior to burial. An approximately 30% enhanced decomposition rate with insects was observed. TBS was the most valid tool in postmortem interval (PMI) estimation. All other variables showed only weak relationships to decomposition stages, adding little value to PMI estimation. Although progress in estimating the PMI for surface remains has been made, no previous studies have accomplished this for buried remains. This study builds a framework to which further comparable studies can contribute, to produce predictive models for PMI estimation in buried human remains.
A 10‐year retrospective analysis of radiographic bone‐level changes of implants supporting single‐unit crowns in periodontally compromised vs. periodontally healthy patients
Authors: Matarasso Sergio , Rasperini Giulio , Iorio Siciliano Vincenzo , Salvi Giovanni E. , Lang Niklaus P. , Aglietta Marco
Published: April 2010

Aim: To compare the 10‐year peri‐implant bone loss (BL) rate in periodontally compromised (PCP) and periodontally healthy patients (PHP) around two different implant systems supporting single‐unit crowns.

Materials and methods: In this retrospective, controlled study, the mean BL (mBL) rate around dental implants placed in four groups of 20 non‐smokers was evaluated after a follow‐up of 10 years. Two groups of patients treated for periodontitis (PCP) and two groups of PHP were created. For each category (PCP and PHP), two different types of implant had been selected. The mBL was calculated by subtracting the radiographic bone levels at the time of crown cementation from the bone levels at the 10‐year follow‐up.

Results: The mean age, mean full‐mouth plaque and full‐mouth bleeding scores and implant location were similar between the four groups. Implant survival rates ranged between 85% and 95%, without statistically significant differences (P>0.05) between groups. For both implant systems, PCP showed statistically significantly higher mBL rates and number of sites with BL≥3 mm compared with PHP (P<0.0001).

Conclusions: After 10 years, implants in PCP yielded lower survival rates and higher mean marginal BL rates compared with those of implants placed in PHP. These results were independent of the implant system used or the healing modality applied.

To cite this article:
 Matarasso S, Rasperini G, Iorio Siciliano V, Salvi GE, Lang NP, Aglietta M. A 10‐year retrospective analysis of radiographic bone‐level changes of implants supporting single‐unit crowns in periodontally compromised vs. periodontally healthy patients. Clin. Oral Impl. Res. 21, 2010; 898–903. doi: 10.1111/j.1600‐0501.2010.01945.x
Modelling the hair follicle dermal papilla using spheroid cell cultures
Authors: Higgins Claire A. , Richardson Gavin D. , Ferdinando Dudley , Westgate Gillian E. , Jahoda Colin A.B.
Published: April 2010

Please cite this paper as: Modelling the hair follicle dermal papilla using spheroid cell cultures. Experimental Dermatology 2010; 19: 546–548.

Abstract:  Human dermal papilla (DP) cells grown in two‐dimensional (2D) culture have been studied extensively. However, key differences exist between DP cell activities in vivo and in vitro. Using a suspension method of cell culture to maintain DP cells, we created three‐dimensional (3D) dermal spheres morphologically akin to intact (anagen) DPs. Analysis of these spheres using immunocytochemistry demonstrates that they have expression profiles different from papilla cells cultured in 2D but with many similarities to intact DPs. This method of DP cell culture may provide us with a tool to elucidate our understanding of signalling within the DP as it relates to induction, maintenance or even inhibition of hair growth.
Keratins 2 and 4/13 in reconstituted human skin are reciprocally regulated by retinoids binding to nuclear receptor RARα
Authors: Virtanen Marie , Sirsjö Allan , Vahlquist Anders , Törmä Hans
Published: April 2010

Please cite this paper as: Keratins 2 and 4/13 in reconstituted human skin are reciprocally regulated by retinoids binding to nuclear receptor RARα. Experimental Dermatology 2010; 19: 674–681.

Abstract:  Disorders of keratinization are often treated with vitamin A derivatives (retinoids) which affect keratinocyte differentiation, including keratin (KRT) gene expression. In vivo, suprabasal keratinocytes normally express only keratin (K) 1, K2 and K10, but after topical application of all‐trans retinoic acid (ATRA), the granular cells will additionally express K4 and K13, i.e. keratins normally present in oral mucosa and in cultured epidermal keratinocytes. To learn more about the retinoid regulation of keratin expression under in vivo‐like conditions, we cultured keratinocytes on de‐epidermized dermis in only 0.5% serum. These cells produce a normal‐looking epidermis that expresses high mRNA levels of KRT1, KRT2 and KRT10, but minimal amounts of KRT4 and KRT13. Addition of ATRA to the medium for 48 h caused a dose‐dependent increase in KRT4/KRT13 and a down‐regulation of KRT2 mRNA. An increase in K4 protein was also found. The response was greater than the up‐regulation of another retinoid‐regulated gene, CRABPII. By studying 10 retinoids with different affinities for the retinoic acid receptors (RAR) and retinoid X receptors (RXR) isoforms, the reciprocal expression of KRT2 and KRT4/KRT13 could be connected with agonists for RARα. Two of these agonists, CD336/Am580 and CD2081, altered the expression profile with similar potency as the pan‐RAR agonists ATRA and CD367. Co‐addition of a pan‐RAR antagonist (CD3106/AGN193109) markedly inhibited the induction of KRT4/KRT13 expression, whereas the down‐regulation of KRT2 was less affected. In conclusion, RARα agonists elicit a reciprocal modulation of KRT2 and KRT4/KRT13 expression in human epidermis, but whether or not the keratin genes also possess RARα‐specific regulatory elements is still unclear.
Curcuminoids activate p38 MAP kinases and promote UVB‐dependent signalling in keratinocytes
Authors: Ayli Elias E. , Dugas‐Breit Susanne , Li Weijie , Marshall Christine , Zhao Liang , Meulener Marc , Griffin Thomas , Gelfand Joel M. , Seykora John T.
Published: April 2010

Please cite this paper as: Curcuminoids activate P38 map kinases and promote UVB‐dependent signalling in keratinocytes. Experimental Dermatology 2010; 19: 493–500.

Abstract:  Curcuminoids exhibit anti‐proliferative properties in many cell lines by modulating signalling pathways to inhibit cell growth. However, the specific effects of curcuminoids on human keratinocytes are not well defined, and this situation impairs mechanistic thinking regarding potential therapeutic uses. We hypothesized that curcuminoids would modulate key growth regulatory pathways in keratinocytes to inhibit cell proliferation. To test this hypothesis, the effects of curcumin and tetrahydrocurcumin (THC) on mitogen‐activated protein (MAP) kinase signalling in keratinoctyes were determined. Primary human keratinocytes treated with curcumin or THC demonstrated decreased activation of p44/42 MAP kinases but increased levels of activated p38 MAP kinases. These data suggest that curcuminoids specifically activate stress‐induced MAP kinases while inhibiting mitogen‐induced MAP kinases. Curcuminoids also promote the phosphorylation of p53 on serine 15 in a dose‐dependent and p38‐dependent manner, suggesting that these compounds may activate p53. The effects of curcuminoids on keratinocytes mirrored some aspects of UVB and could be inhibited by N‐acetylcysteine, suggesting that these compounds activate p38 through a mechanism that involves glutathione depletion. Both curcuminoids induced G2/M block and inhibited keratinocyte growth, and THC increased cellular levels of p21, a known p53 transcriptional target. These data demonstrate that curcuminoids can differentially regulate MAP kinases to inhibit keratinocyte growth while inducing p21. Curcuminoids also synergize with UVB to enhance p53 phosphorylation. The findings provide a rationale for testing curcuminoids in disorders associated with impaired p53 function or in which UVB‐treatment is efficacious.
Ultraviolet light induces Stat3 activation in human keratinocytes and fibroblasts through reactive oxygen species and DNA damage
Authors: Bito Toshinori , Sumita Naoko , Masaki Taro , Shirakawa Toshiro , Ueda Masato , Yoshiki Ryutaro , Tokura Yoshiki , Nishigori Chikako
Published: April 2010

Please cite this paper as: Ultraviolet light induces Stat3 activation in human keratinocytes and fibroblasts through reactive oxygen species and DNA damage. Experimental Dermatology 2010; 19: 654–660.

Abstract:  Stat3 is activated by the outer stressors, such as ultraviolet (UV) exposure. In this study, we investigated the Stat3 response to UV irradiation in human epidermal keratinocytes and dermal fibroblasts. Results indicated that UVB and UVC differentially activate Stat3 in these cells. The UV‐induced Stat3 activation was mediated by both reactive oxygen species (ROS) and DNA damage, and the dominancy of ROS and DNA damage to activate Stat3 depended on the wavelength of UV. By using fibroblasts from a patient with xeroderma pigmentosum A (XP‐A) and those transfected with human XPA gene, we found that UVB activates Stat3 via both ROS and DNA damage, while UVC does so mainly via DNA damage. The present data suggest that Stat3 activation in UV‐exposed human skin is one of the initial events where DNA damage and ROS are involved.
Survey boat effect on YOY fish schools in a pre‐alpine lake: evidence from multibeam sonar and split‐beam echosounder data
Authors: Guillard J. , Balay P. , Colon M. , Brehmer P.
Published: April 2010

Guillard J, Balay P, Colon M, Brehmer P. Survey boat effect on YOY fish schools in a pre‐alpine lake: evidence from multibeam sonar and split‐beam echosounder data.  Ecology of Freshwater Fish 2010: 19: 373–380. © 2010 John Wiley & Sons A/S

Abstract –  Hydroacoustic methods are widely employed by fish scientists for assessing fish stocks. The method most often used is echosounding, beaming vertically. Nowadays the multibeam sonar, and therefore the 3‐D presentation of fish schools, has yielded better knowledge of school morphology. Using the data collected simultaneously by both sonar and echosounding in a lake, we have identified boat‐induced behavioural changes in small pelagic fish schools. Using high resolution sonar data, we showed that the fish schools detected under the boat have a significantly larger volume than those alongside the boat. This finding is explained according to behavioural response due to the theoretical characteristics of the boat diagram sound pressure, and the existence of a strong thermocline. Then we compared two descriptors, the height of the fish school and the backscatter energy. We found significant differences, which reveal vertical fish school compression occurring simultaneously with the horizontal and sidelong escape behaviour.
The effect of predation on stunted and nonstunted white perch
Authors: Gosch N. J. C. , Pierce L. L. , Pope K. L.
Published: April 2010

Gosch NJC, Pierce LL, Pope KL. The effect of predation on stunted and nonstunted white perch. Ecology of Freshwater Fish 2010: 19: 401–407. © 2010 John Wiley & Sons A/S

Abstract –  Predation is widely regarded as a means to prevent or minimise the establishment of a stunted (high density of slow growing individuals) population. We investigated the effect of predation on two different white perch Morone americana populations (stunted and nonstunted) by examining the stomach contents of piscivorous fishes. White perch and gizzard shad dominated piscivore diets in Branched Oak Lake, whereas white perch dominated piscivore diets in Pawnee Lake. White perch consumed in the stunted population (Branched Oak Lake) were larger and older than white perch consumed in the nonstunted population (Pawnee Lake). Many of the consumed white perch in the stunted population were sexually mature and had the opportunity to spawn at least once. In contrast, all of the consumed white perch in the nonstunted population were sexually immature. Predation may have reinforced the stunting of white perch in Branched Oak Lake through removal of the largest, oldest individuals.
Temperature‐related nocturnal vertical segregation of coexisting coregonids
Authors: Mehner T. , Busch S. , Helland I. P. , Emmrich M. , Freyhof J.
Published: April 2010

Mehner T, Busch S, Helland IP, Emmrich M, Freyhof J. Temperature‐related nocturnal vertical segregation of coexisting coregonids. Ecology of Freshwater Fish 2010: 19: 408–419. © 2010 John Wiley & Sons A/S

Abstract –  Habitat choice of fish may be influenced by many different ecological factors, e.g., predation risk, feeding opportunity, or temperature and oxygen availability. However, because most of the fish prey and their predators rely on vision for feeding, the predator avoidance and feeding opportunity hypotheses may fail to predict distribution of fish at complete darkness. Here, we accumulated patterns of nocturnal vertical distribution of two coexisting coregonid populations in Lake Stechlin from 13 samplings over 4 years, conducted by hydroacoustics and simultaneous midwater trawling. We calculated population depths, dispersion, illumination strengths and vertical temperature gradients for all sampling dates. Illumination strengths at fish population depths were far below the critical levels for feeding by vision, suggesting that predator avoidance or feeding opportunity did not trigger the depth distribution at night. In contrast, nocturnal population depths and dispersion of vendace Coregonus albula were significantly associated with the seasonally changing vertical temperature gradient in Lake Stechlin, whereas night‐time distribution of the coexisting Fontane cisco Coregonus fontanae was almost unaffected by temperature. Vendace occurred just below the thermocline in isothermal water layers of about 6.5–9 °C during stratification of Lake Stechlin, whereas Fontane cisco preferred 4–6 °C cold layers. These experienced temperatures roughly correspond to species‐specific optimum metabolic temperatures determined in earlier experiments. We assume, therefore, that the temperature‐related vertical segregation during non‐feeding hours at darkness is linked with metabolic benefits, thus suggesting that bioenergetics efficiency contributes to ultimate causes of diel vertical migrations at least in vendace.
Biofuels – for better or worse?
Authors: Walker D.A.
Published: April 2010

The present world population is largely fed by ‘industrialised agriculture’. This, in turn, depends on massive inputs of fossil fuels. While this energy expenditure is inescapable, it is an expensive way of ‘converting oil into potatoes'. Arguably, in view of global climate change, ever increasing population, ever increasing oil prices, ever diminishing availability of water and arable land, this is not sustainable. Despite the fact that biofuels inevitably compete for resources that might otherwise be used to grow, store and distribute food, they are frequently held to be desirable and feasible ‘green’ substitutes for fossil fuels and even that they spare carbon emissions to the atmosphere. This article challenges the absurdity of such ‘retro‐agriculture’ (i.e. except in a few local circumstances) incurring yet more energy expenditure. It seeks to illustrate the misinformation on which some of the advocacy of biofuels has been based.
Detection of an orbital period in the supergiant high-mass X-ray binary IGR J16465-4507 with Swift-BAT
Authors: La Parola V. , Cusumano G. , Romano P. , Segreto A. , Vercellone S. , Chincarini G.
Published: April 2010

We analysed the IGR J16465–4507 Burst Alert Telescope (BAT) survey data collected during the first 54 months of the Swift mission. The source is in a crowded field and it is revealed through an ad hoc imaging analysis at a significance level of ∼14 standard deviations. The 15–50 keV average flux is . The timing analysis reveals an orbital period of 30.243 ± 0.035 d. The folded light curve shows the presence of a wide phase interval of minimum intensity, lasting ∼20 per cent of the orbital period. This could be explained with a full eclipse of the compact object in an extremely eccentric orbit or with the passage of the compact source through a lower density wind at the orbit apastron. The modest dynamical range observed during the BAT monitoring suggests that IGR J16465−4507 is a wind-fed system, continuously accreting from a rather homogeneous wind, and not a member of the supergiant fast X-ray transient class.
The Type Ib supernova 2010O: an explosion in a Wolf—Rayet X-ray binary?
Authors: Nelemans Gijs , Voss Rasmus , Nielsen Mikkel T. B. , Roelofs Gijs
Published: April 2010

The Type Ib supernova 2010O was recently discovered in the interacting starburst galaxy Arp 299. We present an analysis of two archival Chandra X-ray observations of Arp 299 taken before the explosion and show that there is a transient X-ray source at a position consistent with the supernova. Due to the diffuse emission, the background is difficult to estimate. We estimate the flux of the transient from the difference of the two X-ray images and conclude that the transient can be described by a 0.225-keV blackbody with a luminosity of for a distance of 41 Mpc. These properties put the transient in between the Galactic black hole binary XTE J1550−564 and the ultraluminous X-ray binaries NGC 1313 X-1 and X-2. The high level of X-ray variability associated with the active starburst makes it impossible to rule out a chance alignment. If the source is associated with the supernova, it suggests SN 2010O is the explosion of the second star in a Wolf–Rayet X-ray binary, such as Cyg X-3, IC 10 X-1 and NGC 300 X-1.