bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Free Vascularized Fibular Graft for Congenital Pseudarthrosis Tibia: A Case Series
Authors: Lie Nico , Gde Yuda Asmara Anak Agung
Published: August 2021

Introduction: Congenital pseudarthrosis tibia (CPT) probably one of the most difficult to treat among all diseases in the children. There are several surgical approaches that have been used to treat CPT including on-lay graft, double on-lay grafts, pedicle grafts, osteotomy, bypass graft and intramedullary rods. Prognosis of CPT has changed considerably with the use of Free Vascularized Fibular Graft (FVFG). Despite these advances, several operations are often necessary to obtain union of CPT and the risk of amputation is never entirely eliminated
Case presentation: We presented 2 case with CPT. The first case is a 4 year old girl with CPT-Associated Neurofibromatosis, patient was brought to orthopedic polyclinic complaining bend on her right leg since she was born, the parent also complained her child has abnormality when walking since she was 14 months old. The second case is a 3 year old girl with CPT complaining bend on her right leg, abnormalities and pain when walking since she was aged 1 years 11 months. We performed free vascularized fibular graft for both of the patient.
Result: The results in our cases showed bone union in 14 weeks, 16 weeks and 18 weeks respectively. The optimal of technique options should be adapted to the type of pseudarthrosis and especially to the extent of the bone defects. good results can be found with intramedullary nailing with a bone graft or the Ilizarov technique
Conclusion: The optimal of technique options should be adapted to the type of pseudarthrosis and especially to the extent of the bone defects

Keywords: Congenital pseudarthrosis tibia, Free vascularized fibular graft, case series.
Nitric Oxide: The Common Link in Different Forms of Dementia
Authors: Dhar Dipak Kumar
Published: August 2021

Dementia broadly refers to a global decline in cognitive and higher functions of the brain. With the gradually increasing number of aging population, the incidence of dementia has been steadily rising and expected to increase further in the coming years. The causes and forms of dementia are wide-ranging and diverse, with Alzheimer’s disease being its best studied form. With increasing knowledge about various effects and mechanisms of nitric oxide, this chemical neurotransmitter appears to be the connecting link in the cellular pathogenesis of dementia. An exhaustive search of research articles, commentaries and books published from 1990s onwards was performed with various words and combinations linked to dementia and nitric oxide. The existing medical literature shows both neuroprotective and neurotoxic effects of nitric oxide. The present article intends to delve into this topic and provide a lucid understanding of the role of nitric oxide in dementia.

Keywords: Dementia, Nitric Oxide, Alzheimer’s disease, excitotoxicity, nitrosative stress.
Lesion Detection on Skin Images Using Improved U-Net
Authors: Ünlü Elif Işılay , Çınar Ahmet
Published: August 2021

One of the most prevalent cancers in humans is skin cancer. The deadliest form of skin cancer is malignant melanoma and the incidence rate has increased rapidly in recent years. In the treatment of melanoma, early diagnosis is very critical. It is difficult and time consuming to automatically detect melanoma from images taken from dermoscopy devices. Computer-aided systems are needed, therefore. In this paper, a deep learning-based method for melanoma segmentation and classification with color images taken from dermoscopy devices is proposed. This technique uses ISIC 2017 International Skin Imaging Collaboration. In this paper, for segmentation and classification measures, 1317 skin images taken from the ISIC archive were used. The approach is based on the architecture of Preprocessing, U-Net and VGGNet. Operations such as mean subtraction, image normalization, image cropping, and scaling are implemented in the preprocessing phase. It is intended to make pictures of the skin more convenient before segmentation. The training precision rate and jaccard similarity coefficient reached 93% as a result of segmentation with these results, and the dice coefficient reached 79%. The accuracy rate is 85.5% as a result of the classification in the two-class dataset in the pre-trained VGG16 network. The accuracy rate of dataset classification obtained with cross-validation is 95.86%.
Knime ile CRISP-DM Veri Bilimi Yöntemi Uygulaması
Authors: Çelik Hilal , Çınar Ahmet
Published: August 2021

Bu çalışma işsizlik sonucu bir bireyin ruhsal rahtsızlıklar sonucunda ruhsal hastalık geçirip geçirmemesi üzerine yapılan bir veri bilimi çalışmasıdır. Bir bireyin geliri, işsiz kalma süreci, yaşı gibi sistemi etkileyen faktörler hastalığı etkilemektedir. Burada veriden bilgiye ulaşırken önce tutarsız, gürültülü ve gereksiz verilerden veri seti arındırılarak veriden bilgiye ulaşılırken Crisp-dm veri bilimi yöntemi adımları izlenerek makine öğrenmesi algoritmalarından Karar Ağacı kullanıldı. Açık kaynak kodlu Knime platformu üzerinde çalışılmıştır.
Statistical Approximation Properties of Some Positive Linear Operators
Authors: Özger Faruk
Published: August 2021

Statistical convergence is an important concept in functional analysis. In this work, we give a short survey about statistical convergence and statistical convergence of some positive linear operators to approximate functions.
A Hybrid Movie Recommender System and Rating Prediction Model
Authors: Sanwal Muhammad , ÇALIŞKAN Cafer
Published: August 2021

In the current era, a rapid increase in data volume produces redundant information on the internet. This predicts the appropriate items for users a great challenge in information systems. As a result, recommender systems have emerged in this decade to resolve such problems. Various e-commerce platforms such as Amazon and Netflix prefer using some decent systems to recommend their items to users. In literature, multiple methods such as matrix factorization and collaborative filtering exist and have been implemented for a long time, however recent studies show that some other approaches, especially using artificial neural networks, have promising improvements in this area of research.
In this research, we propose a new hybrid recommender system that results in better performance. In the proposed system, the users are divided into two main categories, namely average users, and non-average users. Then, various machine learning and deep learning methods are applied within these categories to achieve better results. Some methods such as decision trees, support vector regression, and random forest are applied to the average users. On the other side, matrix factorization, collaborative filtering, and some deep learning methods are implemented for non-average users. This approach achieves better compared to the traditional methods.
Occurrence, Distribution and Ecological Risk Assessment of Toxic, Trace and Rare Earth Elements in Soils and Sediments of Active Dumpsites of Lagos State, Nigeria
Authors: Olujimi Olanrewaju O. , Adegbite Kabirat I. , Steiner Oliver , Goessler Walter , Oyebanji Funmilola F. , Oluwadare Idowu , Arowolo Toyin A.
Published: August 2021

The multiple uses of metals in several applications worldwide have steadily increased human exposure to these toxicants globally and are currently of ecological and public health concern. This study reported the occurrence and ecological risk assessment of 33 elements including toxic,
trace, and rare earth elements from five selected dumpsites in Lagos state. A total of 195 soil and 72 sediment samples were collected, air-dried, sieved, digested using the autoclave method and analyzed with ICP-MS 7700 along with BCR 723 and NIST 2711a as reference materials. All the 33
elements determined in the dumpsites soil samples were detected except Be and Lu in soil samples from Abule-Egba dumpsite. Also, Be, Hg and Lu were not detected in Abule-Egba, Epe and Olusosun sediment samples. The concentrations of all the metals varied widely across the investigated sites
with Abule-Egba dumpsite having the highest concentration of most of the metals analyzed and Epe dumpsite having the lowest concentration (being the newest dumpsite of all the sites investigated). The distribution pattern of the toxic elements in Abule Egba is Al>Pb>Ba>Cd>Sn>V>Ag>As>Th>Hg>Be.
The geo-accumulation index showed that Abule-Egba soil and sediment were strongly polluted with Pb and As while the sediment was extremely polluted with Cr, Cu and Zn. Abule-Egba dumpsite poses high ecological risk as Cd, Cu, Ni, Zn and Cr were above the CCME (1999) guideline. The ΣRI
showed that Abule-Egba dumpsite soil and sediment poses very high ecological risk which showed an increase by a factor of 3 and 14 for soil and sediment, respectively.
Estimating Greenhouse Gas (GHG) Emissions from Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) in Oman Using Different Frameworks
Authors: Umar Tariq
Published: August 2021

Reduction in emissions is the key to tackle climate change issues and achieve environmental sustainability. The Gulf Cooperation Council member countries however, not only generate the highest quantity of MSW/capita when compared globally but also in most of these countries such waste
is just dumped at different landfill stations. In Oman, the total quantity of MSW stood at 2.0 million tonnes/year. The emission from this waste is estimated at 2,989,467 tonnes/year (CO2 Equivalent). This article attempts to develop frameworks that considered landfilling, composting,
and recycling of MSW and compared the emissions of these frameworks. The framework (F2) which proposes the landfilling and composting process for the organic waste which normally goes to landfills results in an increase of emissions by 7% as compared to landfill practice. Similarly, the samples
of MSW collected in Oman show a good amount of recycling waste. The framework (F3) which considers the landfill, composting, and recycling reduced the total Greenhouse Gas emissions from 2,989,467 tonnes/year to 2,959,735 tonnes/year (CO2 Equivalent); representing a total reduction
of 1% in emissions. Although composting increases the emissions, however, considering composting and recycling will not only reduce the burden on landfills but will promote agricultural and industrial activates.
Przywództwo edukacyjne jako nowy model zarządzania w oświacie
Authors: Leżucha Magdalena
Published: August 2021

W dobie reformy systemu edukacji, rola i funkcje dyrektora szkoły uległy dużej zmianie, od działalności odtwórczej, aż po samodzielne i twórcze podejmowanie decyzji. Dyrektor otrzymał szeroki zakres uprawnień, jednocześnie też znacznie zwiększył się zakres jego odpowiedzialności, nie tylko przed władzami oświatowymi, ale przede wszystkim wobec lokalnego środowiska oraz uczniów. Współcześnie konieczne staje się przedefiniowanie roli dyrektora i wyposażenie go w niezbędne kompetencje, czyniące go menadżerem oświaty, którego zadaniem jest efektywne zarządzanie szkołą na trudnym rynku oświatowym.
Główne wskaźniki konwergencji gospodarczej w kontekście poszczególnych polsko-ukraińskich regionów przygranicznych
Authors: Kucab-Bąk Katarzyna
Published: August 2021

Głównymi czynnikami przyczyniającymi się do konwergencji w obszarze finansowym i inwestycyjnym polsko-ukraińskiego regionu transgranicznego w obecnych warunkach integracji europejskiej są intensyfikacja transgranicznych procesów inwestycyjnych w sektorach bankowym i ubezpieczeniowym, zwiększenie efektywności wykorzystania środków finansowych przeznaczonych na programy pomocy technicznej UE, jak również rozpoczęcie wspólnych transgranicznych działań instytucji finansowych. Głównym kierunkiem konwergencji społecznej i gospodarczej w ukraińsko-polskim regionie transgranicznym w ciągu ostatniej dekady była konwergencja produktu regionalnego brutto per capita.
In This Issue: Indigenous Wisdom and the Sovereignty to Eat Meat
Authors: Hilchey Duncan
Published: August 2021

First paragraph: This special issue draws attention to the roles and responsibili¬ties of knowledge producers, knowledge keepers, and food systems actors in managing and enhancing access to culturally appropriate food produced through ecologically sound and sustainable methods in Indigenous communities in North America. Our sponsor for this issue is the Swette Center for Sustainable Food Systems at Arizona State University. With Executive Director Dr. Kathleen Merrigan (former U.S. Department of Agriculture deputy secretary and chief operating officer), the Swette Center has a global mission to create and disseminate knowledge about food systems that drives economic productivity and social progress.
賠償與量刑的算計
Authors: 楊智守 楊智守
Published: August 2021

人一出生就開始面臨選擇，一連串的選擇結果成了命運，所以有人說命運掌握在自己手中，也有人說其實一切都是命中注定，先不去爭論人生哲學應該要是哪一種，每個人總有自己的選擇，只是需要面對與承受……
Composition and behavior of mixed-species foraging groups of reef fish in the Lakshadweep islands, India
Authors: Theo Anne Heloise , Shanker Kartik
Published: August 2021

Mixed-species foraging groups of reef fishes, although relatively common in occurrence, have historically received little attention. Most studies on this topic have been descriptive accounts of specific associations. In this study, we collected data on mixed-species foraging groups
seen in the Lakshadweep islands, resulting in a dataset of 1289 groups. Data was collected from both reefs and lagoons of three islands (Kadmat, Kavaratti, and Agatti) within the Lakshadweep Archipelago over a period of three years. Cluster analysis revealed nine categories based on species
composition in groups: parrotfish, juveniles, surgeonfish (small), surgeonfish (large), Anampses spp., wrasses, Parupeneus macronema , Parupeneus barberinus, and other goatfish groups. The clusters are named based on the nuclear species or most frequently seen species
within the groups. These groups are distinct not only in terms of composition but also other parameters such as behavior (shoaling or attendant groups), habitat affinity, and group cohesion. Groups comprising herbivorous species such as parrotfish and surgeonfish were almost entirely shoaling
in nature (large groups without nuclear individuals), whereas goatfish and wrasses tended to form smaller attendant associations. Groups also occupied different habitat types; for example, parrotfish and P. barberinus groups were seen mostly in lagoons while surgeonfish, wrasses, and
P. macronema groups were more abundant on reefs. Our findings suggest that mixed-species foraging groups in fishes are comprised of distinct compositional categories that vary in behavior, cohesion, and habitat affinity.
Refugee Protection in the COVID-19 Crisis and Beyond: The Capacity and Limits of International Law
Authors: Foster Michelle , Lambert Hélène , McAdam Jane
Published: August 2021

The current pandemic and concomitant framework of crisis has led to unprecedented restrictions on global movement, and hence on the ability of refugees to seek protection. These measures have been implemented as a matter of urgency on account of the immediacy of the public health challenge, yet risk violating international refugee and human rights law. This experience provides an opportunity to reflect on an equally compelling, although less imminent, threat, namely displacement linked to the impacts of climate change. This article considers these twin challenges and reflects on the capacity and limits of international law to address both crises, while balancing the competing rights and interests at stake. It argues that a key challenge for international law and policy is how to harness the sense of urgency generated by COVID-19 for the long-term ‘climate crisis’, without resorting to emergency mechanisms of reactive, short-term, restrictive, and exceptional measures.
Análise entre as constituições e extinções de empresas na região Sul do Brasil
Authors: Kruger Silvana Dalmutt , REBONATTO CRISTIAN , MORESCHI FERNANDA
Published: August 2021

O estudo teve por objetivo analisar a relação entre constituições e extinções de empresas por tipo jurídico na região sul do Brasil, nos Estados de Santa Catarina, Rio Grande do Sul e Paraná entre os anos de 2008 a 2019. Metodologicamente a pesquisa se caracteriza como descritiva, com análise dos dados disponibilizados pela Junta Comercial dos Estados de Santa Catarina, Rio Grande do Sul e Paraná, de cunho quantitativo. Os resultados do estudo evidenciam que no período estudado ocorreram 1.391.275 novas constituições, no entanto outras 949.474 extinções de empresas entre os três Estados da região sul. O Paraná é o Estado com o maior índice de empresas constituídas, enquanto o Rio Grande do Sul apresenta o maior número de extinções no período estudado. Quanto ao formato jurídico observou-se que as empresas do tipo empresário individual e sociedade limitada prevalecem entre os formatos de constituições e extinções. De forma geral, o estudo evidencia a relevância do papel preditivo da contabilidade, como auxiliar no planejamento tributário e estratégico, visando à continuidade dos negócios.
PENGARUH KEPEMIMPINAN PENGASUH DAN SISTEM PENDIDIKAN PESANTREN TERHADAP KECERDASAN EMOSIONAL SANTRI PONDOK PESANTREN AS-SA’IDIYYAH 2 BAHRUL ULUM JOMBANG
Authors: Sarnoto Ahmad Zain , Farihah Ulinnuha
Published: August 2021

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui dan menguji secara empiris melalui data-data yang shahih terkait dengan kepemimpinan pengasuh dan sistem pendidikan pesantren memberikan pengaruh terhadap kecerdasan emosional santri baik secara parsial maupun simultan. Metode yang digunakan peneliti adalah metode survei dengan pendekatan korelasional terhadap santri Pondok Pesantren As-Sa’idiyyah 2 Bahrul Ulum, Jombang. Jenis penelitian ini adalah kuantitatif dengan menggunakan teknik analisis statistik yaitu teknik analisis deskriptif dan analisis inferensial. Adapun alat pengumpul data menggunakan angket/kuesioner terhadap responden sebanyak 76 orang santri dari kelas XII Aliyah yang berada di Pondok Pesantren As-Sa’idiyyah 2 Bahrul Ulum, observasi, wawancara dan dokumnetasi. Hasil uji hipotesis penelitian menunjukkan pertama, terdapat pengaruh positif dan signifikan kepemimpinan pengasuh terhadap kecerdasan emosional santri dengan prosentase sebesar 25,6%. Kedua terdapat pengaruh positif dan signifikan sistem pendidikan pesantren terhadap kecerdasan emosional santri dengan prosentase sebesar 23,4%. Ketiga, terdapat pengaruh positif dan signifikan kepemimpinan pengasuh dan sistem pendidikan pesantren secara bersama-sama terhadap kecerdasan emosional santri dengan prosentase sebesar 34,7%.
E se o axolotl respondesse?
Authors: Borba Filho Maurício
Published: August 2021

No presente artigo pretendemos apresentar uma leitura crítica da seção Idea dell’infanzia, do livro Idea della prosa, de Giorgio Agamben. A partir das reflexões de Agamben em livro mais tardio – L'aperto –, leremos a caracterização da oposição entre o axolotl e o infante neotenico como uma narrativa antropogenética que informa uma imaginação política antropocêntrica.
Uma perspectiva decolonial para o design no Brasil
Authors: Okabayashi Julio C. T.
Published: August 2021

Design, eurocentrismo e desenvolvimento
JUNK FOOD ADDICTION AMONG MEDICAL STUDENTS IN RAWALPINDI- A KAP STUDY
Authors: Zaidi Nosheen , Javed Najma
Published: August 2021

Use of high calorie junk foods has increased dramatically in the recent past, leading to many social and health problems. Pakistan is facing the same situation. It is therefore, a strong need to develop public health strategies targeting to reduce intake of junk food. Study was conducted over period of 9 months (from January to August 2013) among students of Foundation University Medical College. It was a cross sectional study. A total of 445 students were selected. Response rate was 85.5%. Male to female ratio was 1: 1.7. The percentage of girls was more because there are more female students as compared to male students in every class. Age ranged from 17-29 years with mean of 21 years. The percentage of Boarders to Non-boarders was 41% (182) and 59% (262) respectively.38% (169) of students take junk food daily while 39% (174) on weekly basis. Majority 169 (38%) students prefer home deliveries; while 111 students (25%) prefer to dine in. However 37% like to take food with them. Knowledge about non communicable diseases was quite good however the term ‘junk food’ was not accurately defined by all students. Around 200 (23%) of students spend Rs. 1000 for buying junk food weekly, while 142 (32%) spend more than 1000 rupees.191 (43%) of the students have experienced an increase in junk food frequency since they are living in hostel, 174 (39%) have no idea or didn’t notice any change whereas 80 (8%) had no change in their dietary habit despite of being living in hostel. On consuming junk food, 209 (47%) of the students have a pleasant feeling while majority 249 (56%) have no elevation of mood following junk food. Most (231, 52%) of the students said that they are not addicted to junk food. Junk food is quickly replacing the traditional home made and healthy foods. Health Education sessions regarding risks and hazards associated with junk food consumption must be done regularly in schools/ colleges to prevent junk food epidemic especially among youth.
Critical Success Factors (CSFs) in Mergers and Acquisitions (M&As)
Authors: Emdadul Haque Muhammad
Published: August 2021

The major aim of this thesis is to elevate the understanding of the cross-cultural characteristics of Mergers and Acquisitions (M&As). It determines and contrasts Critical Success Factors (CSFs) focusing on comprehensive examples such Western Europe M&As by Chinese and Hong Kong (HK) firms plus Chinese and Hong Kong M&As by Western European firms. The research considers various crucial dimensions such as the cultural, leadership, organisational, process, strategic, and externalities according to the dynamic capabilities in M&As. For a better understanding of issues related to culture in this research, there were important theories inculcated in the research study from prominent academicians such as Hofstede, Adler, Trompenaars, Chen &Werle and, Kluckhohn & Strodberk for the critical analysis of the study. Categorised by the major enumerated aspects above, the research involves the success measure of closing the competency gap through the critical success factor (CSFs) and the M&As. There were two major questions of the research study concerning the success factors of M&As groups. The questions focused on the M&As Western Europe by Chinese and Hong Kong firms including the one in China and Hong Kong by Western European firms. There were simultaneously investigations of both the groups because of previous insufficient studies related to two M&A groups.
Exploring the role of Malaysian research university-based incubators in facilitating the entrepreneurial process
Authors: Liow Guat Eng , Wong Hui Man
Published: August 2021

Objective of the study: To clarify the role of university-based incubators in facilitating the entrepreneurial process by elucidating the value-add of the incubation activities through the lens of real options-driven theory and resource-based view theory.Methodology/approach: An in-depth case study of five Malaysian research-led universities is conducted through thirteen semi-structured interviews with UBI managers and staff.Originality/Relevance: Integrating real options-driven theory and resource-based view to understand the roles of UBI in supporting the entrepreneurial process, elaborated in the three stages of incubation: pre-main-post incubation phase.Main results: UBI has a decisive role in facilitating entrepreneurial process through selecting potential entrepreneurs, mobilising the optimal mix of tangible and intangible resources, and monitoring the entrepreneurial process. All the five UBIs displayed interorganisational relationships with the various stakeholders and have capable incubator manager as a linchpin to facilitate the incubation process from pre to main incubation phase. However, there is little evidence on aftercare post incubation services to support the entrepreneurial growth stage, which are crucial for their continuing survival and growth.Theoretical/methodological contributions: It adopts a multi-theoretical lens of real options-driven theory and resource-based view theory to explain the roles of UBIs in the entrepreneurial process.Social/management contributions: It provides insights, best practices, and frameworks regarding the incubation process of Malaysian UBIs, and how its roles can be enhanced to drive more successful entrepreneurial processes.
Uma metodologia de avaliação do nível de maturidade empreendedora: um estudo de caso na incubadora da Universidade Presbiteriana Mackenzie
Authors: De Castro Leandro Nunes , Araujo Renata Mendes de , Fragoso Nelson Destro , Tropiano Ligia Maria Da Costa Canellas
Published: August 2021

Objective of the study: To propose and evaluate the DIMEP methodology for diagnosing and monitoring the maturity of startups in academic institutions, based on dimensions, subdimensions and maturity levels for evaluating startups at different entrepreneurial journey stages.Methodology: Exploratory, with the proposal of DIMEP, based on the concepts of entrepreneurial journey in academic environments and critical success factors for startups; and its application in a case study to evaluate the entrepreneurial journey promoted in the innovation ecosystem of a Brazilian university.Originality / Relevance: Stimulating student entrepreneurship requires a monitoring methodology throughout the entrepreneurial journey. The literature still lacks well-structured proposals in this regard. DIMEP emerges as an evaluation methodology with demonstrated applicability in this context.Main Results: DIMEP was evaluated during a pre-acceleration program of the university under study, proving to help monitor the projects, allowing an objective assessment of their progress and difficulties, diagnosing particular aspects of each project and the most challenging dimensions for all the program’s startups.Theoretical / Methodological Contributions: A generic methodology for diagnosing the maturity of innovative ventures. Its positive aspects include generality, structuring around a well-defined entrepreneurial journey, the possibility of carrying out qualitative and quantitative analyzes and flexibility to customize different universities’ entrepreneurship journeys.Social / Managerial Contributions: DIMEP has applicability potential in evaluating startups in other institutions, contributing to the development of their innovation and entrepreneurship ecosystems, concerning monitoring the entrepreneurial journey.
Abordagem das capacidades para inovação social: uma revisão sistemática
Authors: Batista Leonardo Ferreira , Correia Suzanne Érica Nóbrega
Published: August 2021

Objective of the study: This article aims to address paths and trends in the capabilities approach for developing the scientific field of social innovation (SI).Methodology/approach: Systematic literature review guided by the PRISMA recommendation with analysis of 16 articles suitable for discussion, after filtering 114 studies returned by the Web of Science database.Originality/Relevance: The study is justified in terms of the development of the SI field, which has resorted to the approach of Amartya Sen's capabilities, mainly for the advancement of SI in public policies.Main results: Results led to a current understanding of the conceptual support from the perspective of capability development to help delimit the processes and results of social initiatives on three fronts: grassroots innovations, social innovation processes, citizenship actions, and public policies.Theoretical/methodological contributions: It is pointed out that the congruence between SI and the capabilities approach works as an incremental theoretical contribution of the role of social actors in the bases of social and/or organizational structures through the development of their capabilities.Social/Management Contributions: As an empirical contribution, the practices of inclusion, the interaction of social actors, and the strengthening of public policies are presented, which, ultimately, can consolidate alternative management and socioeconomic development practices.
Effects of carbamate pesticides intermediates on Escherichia coli membrane architecture: An in vitro and in silico approach
Authors: Singh Pushpendra , Tripathi Manish Kumar , Yasir Mohammad , Ranjan Ashish , Shrivastava Rahul
Published: August 2021

Methyl isocyanate (MIC), a low molecular weight synthetic aliphatic compound, having an isocyanate group (−NCO), has industrial application. In this study, the effects of methyl isocyanate and its mechanism on outer membrane protein of Escherichia coli were observed using experimental and computational methods. In vitro exposure of N-succinimidyl N-methylcarbamate (NSNM) a synthetic analogue of MIC on E. coli to a final concentration of 2 mM was found to affect the growth curve pattern and changes in cell morphology. Molecular docking studies of MIC and NSNM with E. coli outer membrane protein (OmpW, OmpX, OmpF OmpA), and periplasmic domain (PAL) were performed. The in-silico results revealed that outer membrane protein OmpF showed the highest negative binding energy, i.e. ∆G -4.11 kcal/mole and ∆G -3.19 kcal/mole by NSNM and MIC as compared to other proteins. Our study concludes that methyl isocyanate retains lethal toxicity which leads to cell death due to the membrane protein damage of E. coli membrane.
Análise Preliminar de Desempenho de Interpretação Paralela de Indivíduos de Programação Genética
Authors: Oliveira Lucas Bicalho , Fazenda Álvaro Luiz , Melo Vinícius Veloso
Published: August 2021

A Programação Genética é uma técnica de evolução de programas que, por muitas vezes, requer ferramentas de paralelismo para melhorias de desempenho, uma vez que geralmente há muitas instruções que podem ser executadas concorrentemente. Esse documento demonstra os testes iniciais de desempenho de um código genético que utiliza-se de programação multithread que faz uso de um conjunto de instruções do tipo MIMD (Multiple Instruction, Multiple Data), analisando suas potencialidades e limitações atuais, de forma a encontrar um caminho que permita melhorar seu desempenho em futuros desenvolvimentos.
Beeinflussen Gemeinschaftsunterkünfte die soziale Integration Geflüchteter? Eine empirische Analyse anhand der IAB-BAMF-SOEP-Befragung von Geflüchteten
Authors: Siegert Manuel
Published: August 2021

Gemeinschaftsunterkünfte spielen bei der Unterbringung Geflüchteter eine zentrale Rolle. Jedoch gibt es die Befürchtung, dass diese Art der Unterbringung die soziale Integration der Geflüchteten behindert. Denn es wird angenommen, dass die baulichen und räumlichen Charakteristika der Gemeinschaftsunterkünfte Kontakte zwischen den Geflüchteten und Personen der Aufnahmegesellschaft erschweren oder gar unterbinden. Inwieweit dies zutrifft, ist jedoch nicht eindeutig geklärt, da hierzu bislang nur wenige und sich teilweise widersprechende Befunde vorliegen. Zur Verbesserung der Befundlage werden daher die Daten der IAB-BAMF-SOEP-Befragung von Geflüchteten aus dem Jahr 2018 analysiert. Es zeigt sich, dass in Gemeinschaftsunterkünften wohnende Geflüchtete seltener Kontakte zu Deutschen in der Nachbarschaft haben und deshalb auch seltener Zeit mit Deutschen verbringen als Geflüchtete, die in Privatunterkünften wohnen. Eine zentrale Rolle spielt dabei die Größe der Gemeinschaftsunterkunft. Denn Geflüchtete, die in kleinen Gemeinschaftsunterkünften mit weniger als 20 Bewohner*innen untergebracht sind, haben genauso häufig Kontakte zu Deutschen in der Nachbarschaft und verbringen genauso häufig Zeit mit Deutschen wie in Privatunterkünften wohnende Geflüchtete.
Ein Londoner Möbelfabrikant und das erste Hamburger Tennisturnier
Authors: Gillmeister Heiner
Published: August 2021

Tennis and golf, as well as numerous other sports, found their way to Germany in the era of the Wilhelmine Empire. Hoteliers in German health resorts, operators of private sports grounds or commercial playground companies, among others, played a significant role. Uhlenhorst, a district of Hamburg since 1894, was already the venue for major tennis tournaments with international players in the early 1890s. At that time, the London merchant, tennis player and sports official Walter Howard donated a silver cup to the Ice Rink Club on Uhlenhorst (Eisbahnverein auf der Uhlenhorst), which was used as a prize for the “Championship of Hamburg”. This article goes into Walter Howard’s biography and outlines his commitment to Hamburg tennis, which also gave important impulses to women’s tennis.
The Organization of Football in Cyprus: History and Politics
Authors: Lekakis Nikos , Gargalianos Dimitris
Published: August 2021

This paper employs the history and politics of football looking at discussions about Cyprus’ national identity, the relationship between the Greek-Cypriot state and its self-declared Turkish-Cypriot counterpart, and the possibility of reunification. It explores these issues from both sides of the divide, something rarely undertaken in Cyprus, and within a wider European perspective, by comparing it briefly with the modern football histories of Ireland, Spain and Bosnia & Herzegovina. Football and its inherent developments reflect not only the political rivalries in the world of Greek-Cypriot football, but also the encounters between Greek-Cypriots and Turkish-Cypriots. The history of Cypriot football has no similar precedent in the selected European space. In Ireland, the peace process has not ended historic civil society divisions, while football agents with opposing political ideologies across the Greek and Turkish divide in Cyprus have been able to overcome their differences, political elites on one side of the border have prevented unification. In Spain’s Catalonia, while the football-fed movement for independence, yet to materialize, remains subject to approval by Spain’s institutions, the independence of the de facto Turkish-Cypriot state would require the approval of the governments of the Republic of Cyprus, Greece, Turkey, and Britain. Finally, while FIFA and UEFA have successfully dictated the terms for the final admission of Bosnia & Herzegovina’s football Federation into their membership, they have failed to repeat this achievement in the Cypriot case.
Politische Ordnungskonstruktion in den neuen Bundesländern
Authors: Kern Katharina
Published: August 2021

How do political orders emerge, and how are they stabilised and made permanent? In this book, these questions are examined using the emergence of the new federal states in Germany as an example. After German reunification, the establishment of political institutions was relatively quick due to the transfer of institutions from the old federal states, but the formation of a new, common political and cultural order was much more difficult to realise. Through a comprehensive analysis of East German post-reunification discourses and consideration of the common-sense and non-negotiable foundations of East German society, this study depicts a comprehensive picture of the processes involved in constructing political orders that goes beyond empirical surveys.
Le sel n’est pas salé
Authors: Temelli Yasmin
Published: August 2021

Depressive (anti-)heroes populate the current French literary landscape to a significant extent. In this study, such characters are located philologically, and paradigmatic texts by Philippe Labro, Antoine Sénanque, Philippe Delerm, Édouard Levé, Michel Houellebecq and Thierry Beinstingel are analysed in terms of their aesthetics as a specific contribution to poetological knowledge in order to fathom the dynamics of depression in literary and cultural studies. Specifically, the study aims to explore medical and psychoanalytical narratives in literature and to examine the extent to which literature can offer complementary but also divergent perspectives on this knowledge.
Innate Immune Defense in the Male Reproductive System and Male Fertility
Authors: Wang Fei , Chen Ran , Han Daishu
Published: August 2021

To protect the male germ cells from adverse immune reaction, the male reproductive system adopts special immune environment such as immunoprivileged status. The male genital organs can be infected by various microorganisms via hematogenous dissemination and ascending genitourinary tracts. To overcome the immunoprivileged status, the male genital organs also adopt their own innate defense against microbial infection. The tissue-specific cells in the male reproductive system are well equipped with innate immune machineries, including pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) and their negatively regulatory system. PRR-initiated immune responses must be tightly regulated by the negative regulatory system for the maintenance of immune homeostasis. The immune homeostasis can be disrupted by unrestrictive innate immune response, which may lead to inflammatory conditions in the male genital tracts, an important etiological factor contributing to male infertility. This chapter describes the current understanding of the innate immune responses in the male reproductive system and their effects on male fertility.
Cardio-Oncology: The Role of Echocardiography in Cancer Patients
Authors: Ntoskas Theodoros
Published: August 2021

Cardio-oncology is a rapidly emerging medical field that focusses on the improvement of the quality of life of cancer patients by preventing and treating the adverse cardiovascular complications of cancer therapy. Early recognition of cancer therapy-related cardiac dysfunction (CTRCD) provides an opportunity to mitigate cardiac injury and risk of developing late cardiac events. Cardiac imaging, and in particular, transthoracic echocardiography, plays an essential role in the baseline assessment, the detection and the surveillance of CRTCD in patients during and after the cancer therapy. Although the frequency of screening for the cardiotoxicity in patients undergoing active treatments and cancer survivors remains a topic of debate and ongoing research, echocardiography continues to be the leader for continuous monitoring by imaging due to the wide availability, lack of exposure to radiation, ability to recognise the effects on cardiac function and assess haemodynamics and other cardiac structures. The cardiac imaging applied to cardio-oncology includes standard and advanced (speckle tracking and three-dimensional (3D)) echocardiography.
Etiology of Bovine Mastitis
Authors: Shoaib Muhammad , Islam Aqib Amjad , Aamir Naseer Muhammad , Ahmad Bhutta Zeeshan , PU Wanxia , Tanveer Qaisar , Muzammil Iqra , Fakhar-e-Alam Kulyar Muhammad , Salman Younas Muhammad , Hammad Muhammad
Published: August 2021

Mastitis in dairy animals is the primary concern of dairy farmers, which is the most common disease that causes huge economic losses in the dairy industry. The economic losses due to mastitis are from a reduction in milk yield, condemnation of milk with antibiotic residues, veterinary treatment costs, and death. In addition, some mastitis pathogens also cause serious human diseases associated with the contamination of milk or milk products with bacteria or their toxins. Bovine mastitis is mainly caused by a wide range of environmental and contagious bacterial mastitis pathogens. Contagious pathogens are those whose main reservoir is the infected udder. Contagious pathogens mainly spread among animals during milking process whereas environmental pathogens spread from environment to udder at any time. The source of the environmental pathogens is the surrounding environment of an animal. The major contagious pathogens include Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus agalactiae, and Mycoplasma spp. and the minor contagious pathogens include Corynebacterium bovis and others. Major environmental pathogens include coliform bacteria (Escherichia coli, Klebsiella spp., Enterobacter spp. and Citrobacter spp.), environmental streptococci (Strep. dysgalactiae, Strep. uberis). This chapter covers detailed review of published data on contagious and environmental pathogens responsible for bovine mastitis.
Practical Approach to Induce Analog Switching Behavior in Memristive Devices: Digital-to-Analog Transformation
Authors: Mangasa Simanjuntak Firman , Chandrasekaran Sridhar , Panda Debashis , Saleem Aftab , Prodromakis Themis
Published: August 2021

The capability of memristor devices to perform weight changes upon electrical pulses mimics the analogous firing mechanism in biological synapses. This capability delivers the potential for neuromorphic computing and pushes renewed interests in fabricating memristor with analog characteristics. Nevertheless, memristors could often exhibit digital switching, either during the set, reset, or both processes that degenerate their synaptic capability, and nanodevice engineers struggle to redesign the device to achieved analog switching. This chapter overviews some important techniques to transform the switching characteristics from digital to analog in valence change and electrochemical metallization types memristors. We cover physical dynamics involving interfacial diffusion, interfacial layer, barrier layer, deposition, and electrode engineering that can induce digital-to-analog switching transformation in memristor devices.
Epigenetic Regulation Mechanisms in Viral Infections: A Special Focus on COVID-19
Authors: Biterge Süt Burcu
Published: August 2021

The outbreak of Coronavirus Disease-2019 (Covid-19), caused by a novel and highly pathogenic coronavirus (severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2, SARS-CoV-2), is a persisting global health concern. Research so far has successfully identified the molecular mechanisms of viral entry, alterations within the host cell upon infection, and the stimulation of an immune response to fight it. One of the most important cellular regulatory machineries within the host cell to be affected by the SARS-CoV-2 infection is epigenetic regulation, which modulates transcriptional activity by DNA sequence-independent factors such as DNA-methylation, RNA interference and histone modifications. Several studies in the literature have previously reported epigenetic alterations within the host due to infections of the Coronaviridae family viruses including SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV that antagonized immune system activation. Recent studies have also identified epigenetic dysregulation of host metabolism by SARS-CoV-2 infection, linking epigenetic mechanisms with the pathophysiology and illness severity of Covid-19. Therefore, this book chapter aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the epigenetic regulation mechanisms in viral infections with a special focus on SARS-CoV-2 infection.
IIoT Machine Health Monitoring Models for Education and Training
Authors: Singh Ishwar , Hodgins Sean , Gadhrri Anoop , Schmidt Reiner
Published: August 2021

IoT, IIoT and Industry 4.0 technologies are leading the way for digital transformation in manufacturing, healthcare, transportation, energy, retail, cities, supply chain, agriculture, buildings, and other sectors. Machine health monitoring and predictive maintenance of rotating machines is an innovative IIoT use case in the manufacturing and energy sectors. This chapter covers how machine health monitoring can be implemented using advanced sensor technology as a basis for predictive maintenance in rotating devices. It also covers how sensor data can be collected from the devices at the edge, preprocessed in a microcontroller/edge node, and sent to the cloud or local server for advanced data intelligence. In addition, this chapter describes the design and operation of three innovative models for education and training supporting the accelerated adoption of these technologies in industry sectors.
Aerodynamic Analysis and Design of High-Performance Sails
Authors: P. Caraher Sean , V. Hobson Garth , F. Platzer Max
Published: August 2021

High-performance sails, such as the ones used on the America Cup boats, require sails whose aerodynamic characteristics approach those of rigid wings, yet permit a reduction in sail area in high wind and sea conditions. To this end, two-cloth sails are coming into use. These sails are constructed out of an articulated forebody that is a truncated ellipse, the aft of which has sail tracks, or rollers, along the edges to accommodate the twin sails. As the sails on either side need to be of the same length, due to the requirement to sail on different tacks, the two cloth sections need to be of equal length. The requirement then is to have their clews separated and able to slide over each other. More importantly, the transition between the rigid mast section and sails needs to be as aerodynamically smooth as possible in order to reduce drag and hence maximize the lift to drag ratio of the airfoil section that is made up of the mast and twin sails. A computational analysis using ANSYS CFX is presented in this chapter which shows that the aerodynamic characteristics of this type of two-cloth sail are almost as good as those of two-element rigid wing sections. Optimum sail trim configurations are analyzed in order to maximize the thrust production. Applications may soon extend beyond competitive sailing purposes for use on sailing ships equipped with hydrokinetic turbines to produce hydrogen via electrolysis (energy ships). Additionally, high performance sails can be used onboard cargo ships to reduce overall fuel consumption.
A Year after - Could We Move beyond Psychosomatics and Dissociation
Authors: Stoimenova Canevska Emilija , Canevska Ena , Petreska Jana
Published: August 2021

Living in a global world that is continuously changing while creating the experience of fluidity, we are losing ground and, therefore, stability. It affects mental health across the life span. During the last 12 months from the first WHO notification of the novel coronavirus 2019-nCoV, humanity started to experience a dramatic change in the level of plans, norms, expectations. Besides fear for personal safety and health, the directed distancing increased the gap in everyday quality of possibilities for personal contacts and support. Losing the ground and experience trembling, we were inevitably facing blurred boundaries, insecurity and a direct attack on our will and who we are. Furthermore, a year after, we realize that we are in the fertile ground for the manifestation and experience of anxiety, panic, and numerous psychosomatic disorders. The whole of humanity is suffering. Hence, those coming from helping professions (psychologist, psychotherapists, social workers) dealing with mental health are experiencing the kick even harder. The research we are conducting is checking their wellbeing a year after.
Landscape of Enhanced Access to Social Protection, Safety Nets and Increased Resilience in Bangladesh
Authors: Ara Begum Ismat , Karim Talukder Rezaul , Mizanul Haque Kazal Mohammad , Jahangir Alam Mohammad
Published: August 2021

Social protection is an essential government investment that contributes to economic growth and makes growth more pro-poor through directly reducing poverty. The Government is strongly committed to reducing poverty, improving human development and reducing inequality. This commitment is reflected in Vision 2021, the Perspective Plan 2010–2021 and in the Sixth & Seventh Five Year Plans. The Government realizes that notwithstanding the past impressive progress with poverty reduction, there is a substantial number of populations that remains exposed to poverty owing to various vulnerabilities. Evidence shows that the poor and vulnerable group cannot cope with all the frequently occurring risks and shocks with their own resources. In recognition of these concerns, the Government has embarked upon the formulation of a comprehensive National Social Security Strategy. It builds on the past rich experience and seeks to streamline and strengthen the existing safety net programs. It also broadens the scope of Social Security from the narrow safety net concept to include employment policies and social insurance to address the emerging needs. Given this backdrop, this chapter deals with the assessment of social security interventions against Life Cycle Risks, measures for resilience of safety net programs, and finally presents the government priorities based on existing policies.