bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Chemo-enzymatic modification of poly-N-acetyllactosamine (LacNAc) oligomers and N,N-diacetyllactosamine (LacDiNAc) based on galactose oxidase treatment
Authors: Kupper Christiane E , Rosencrantz Ruben R , Henßen Birgit , Pelantová Helena , Thönes Stephan , Drozdová Anna , Křen Vladimir , Elling Lothar
Published: May 2012

The importance of glycans in biological systems is highlighted by their various functions in physiological and pathological processes. Many glycan epitopes on glycoproteins and glycolipids are based on N-acetyllactosamine units (LacNAc; Galβ1,4GlcNAc) and often present on extended poly-LacNAc glycans ([Galβ1,4GlcNAc]n). Poly-LacNAc itself has been identified as a binding motif of galectins, an important class of lectins with functions in immune response and tumorigenesis. Therefore, the synthesis of natural and modified poly-LacNAc glycans is of specific interest for binding studies with galectins as well as for studies of their possible therapeutic applications. We present the oxidation by galactose oxidase and subsequent chemical or enzymatic modification of terminal galactose and N-acetylgalactosamine residues of poly-N-acetyllactosamine (poly-LacNAc) oligomers and N,N-diacetyllactosamine (LacDiNAc) by galactose oxidase. Product formation starting from different poly-LacNAc oligomers was characterised and optimised regarding formation of the C6-aldo product. Further modification of the aldehyde containing glycans, either by chemical conversion or enzymatic elongation, was established. Base-catalysed β-elimination, coupling of biotin–hydrazide with subsequent reduction to the corresponding hydrazine linkage, and coupling by reductive amination to an amino-functionalised poly-LacNAc oligomer were performed and the products characterised by LC–MS and NMR analysis. Remarkably, elongation of terminally oxidised poly-LacNAc glycans by β3GlcNAc- and β4Gal-transferase was also successful. In this way, a set of novel, modified poly-LacNAc oligomers containing terminally and/or internally modified galactose residues were obtained, which can be used for binding studies and various other applications.
The history of the Austrian commercial colleges from their foundation as independent educational institutes to full integration into public administration (1850s-1950s)
Authors: Gstraunthaler Thomas
Published: May 2012

Résumé À l’issue de la révolution de 1848-1849, la bourgeoisie accéda au pouvoir économique dans l’empire des Habsbourg. Les libertés économiques fraîchement conquises rendaient nécessaire un vivier de jeunes hommes bien formés pour diriger de nouvelles entreprises. Afin de satisfaire ces besoins, des initiatives privées créèrent et financèrent les premières écoles commerciales secondaires, fondées sur des idées libérales et visant un enseignement d’excellence. Après la fin de la Première Guerre mondiale, lorsque les temps devinrent difficiles et que ces écoles commencèrent à souffrir de pertes économiques considérables, celles-ci demandèrent à être complètement intégrées à l’administration publique. Ce changement de statut s’avéra fatal lorsque les nazis s’emparèrent de l’Autriche en 1938 : ces écoles devinrent un outil pour l’abolition du libéralisme – contrairement à l’idée sur laquelle ces écoles avaient été initialement construites.
À propos du développement de deux business schools d'élite au Royaume-Uni : une comparaison entre Cambridge et Oxford (1900-2000)
Authors: Arena Lise , Dang Rani Jeanne
Published: May 2012

Résumé Le processus de développement et d’institutionnalisation des business schools  au Royaume-Uni a été très controversé, celles-ci n’ayant trouvé de légitimité que très récemment dans le monde académique. En dépit de cette genèse tardive, c’est au Royaume-Uni que ce sont formées, dans un contexte différent, les deux business schools d’élite parmi les plus attractives au monde : la Saïd Business School de l’Université de Oxford et la Judge Business School de l’Université de Cambridge. Ces deux écoles connaissent un succès grandissant auprès des étudiants comme des employeurs. Cependant les écoles de gestion sont encore aujourd’hui remises en question quant à la pertinence de leur formation pour le management et restent largement défiées à propos de leur rôle dans la création de connaissances. Afin d’identifier et soutenir l’avantage concurrentiel de ces deux écoles de gestion d’élite du Royaume-Uni, cet article propose de revenir sur l’histoire du développement de chacune d’elles afin d’affiner la compréhension de leurs orientations actuelles et fournir des éléments pour leurs stratégies futures.
À propos de la localisation de l'industrie aérospatiale aux États-Unis
Authors: Terral Laurent , Jourdenais Martin
Published: May 2012

Résumé Cette recherche propose une analyse de la distribution spatiale du secteur de l’aérospatiale aux États-Unis en isolant d’une part, les fonctions reliées à la production manufacturière, et d’autre part, les fonctions reliées à la production de recherche. On se rend compte que les deux obéissent manifestement à des logiques séparées, les activités de recherche se concentrant plutôt dans le quart nord-est du pays, alors que la fabrication est exécutée dans les régions du sud et de l’ouest. Ce partage régional du travail n’est pas seulement une conséquence de l’évolution des processus de production ; il est également le résultat de spécificités territoriales et sectorielles, et de la nécessité pour la R-D de répondre à des objectifs précis de compétitivité qui se traduisent par des localisations propres.
Redistribution des ressources hospitalières, comparaison et hétérogénéité des établissements : les Sur-Coûts des hôpitaux franciliens
Authors: Kerleau Monique , Le Vaillant Marc
Published: May 2012

Résumé Depuis 1997, une fraction des budgets hospitaliers est redistribuée des régions et des hôpitaux les plus performants vers les régions et les hôpitaux les moins performants ; la performance étant mesurée par le coût moyen d’un séjour hospitalier ajusté sur l’éventail des cas traités. Le mécanisme de péréquation mis en application repose sur une forme de concurrence comparative qui suppose que les unités comparées sont identiques et homogènes quant à leurs conditions d’activité. Nous nous interrogeons dans ce papier sur les sources des disparités observées entre les performances des hôpitaux d’Ile-de-France et de Province en testant un effet localisation qui pourrait désavantager (ou avantager) les structures franciliennes et expliquer (ou compenser) leurs surcoûts. Les résultats économétriques montrent que les différences des caractéristiques organisationnelles des hôpitaux ont un poids déterminant dans l’explication des écarts de performance. Les hôpitaux franciliens ne tirent que de faibles bénéfices de leur insertion dans un contexte régional source d’économies externes positives.
Taux de change et régions : un cadre conceptuel pour anticiper l'euro
Authors: Corpataux José , Crevoisier Olivier , Thierstein Alain
Published: May 2012

Résumé L’impact à long terme du taux de change est différencié selon les régions qui composent une économie nationale ou une zone monétaire. Cependant, peu de travaux théoriques ou empiriques se sont attaqués à cette question. D’un côté, la théorie standard du commerce international considère généralement l’espace national comme homogène. De l’autre côté, les travaux sur les systèmes de production régionaux n’intègrent pas ou peu des variables macro-économiques comme le taux de change. Dans une perpective complémentaire, MUNDELL (1961) considérait qu’une zone monétaire optimale devait réunir des régions réagissant de manière symétrique aux chocs externes, sans quoi des coûts d’ajustement importants sont encourus par les régions défavorisées. Cette idée est fondamentale. Cependant, cet article explore plutôt sont corollaire. Étant donné qu’une monnaie est utilisée par un ensemble de régions réagissant de manière asymétrique à l’évolution du taux de change, comment ces régions en seront-elles affectées à long terme ? Une typologie des effets attendus est construite. Ces questions sont essentielles dans le contexte de l’intégration monétaire européenne afin de comprendre la manière dont réagiront des systèmes de production réels qui ne pourront plus miser sur les adaptations par les taux de change qui se produisaient dans le passé au sein du marché européen.
Une lecture hirschmaninne de la coordination : le loyalisme dans les systèmes productifs territorialisés
Authors: Frigant Vincent
Published: May 2012

Résumé L’objectif de cet article est de revenir sur les fondements de l’efficacité de la coordination interfirmes dans les systèmes productifs territorialisés (SPT). La démarche consiste à s’interroger sur la manière dont les firmes procèdent pour gérer les défaillances qui apparaissent au cours de leur relation. Si on suit le travail d’A. HIRSCHMAN, les firmes disposent de trois comportements de réaction possible lorsque survient une défaillance : faire défection, prendre la parole ou adopter un comportement loyaliste. À partir de ces trois catégories, nous montrons que les systèmes productifs territorialisés mobilisent de manière privilégiée le loyalisme. L’étude du fonctionnement du loyalisme permet alors d’identifier les modalités de l’efficacité de la coordination des relations verticales interfirmes mais aussi les mécanismes qui peuvent conduire au déclin du SPT.
Géographie des relations technologiques externes des entreprises innovantes : une étude statistique des entreprises Rhône-Alpines
Authors: Gay Claudine , Picard Fabienne
Published: May 2012

Résumé Si les facteurs présidant à la localisation des activités innovantes sont de mieux en mieux appréhendés en revanche, rares sont les études s’intéressant à la localisation géographique des relations externes que tissent les entreprises innovantes. La question centrale de ce papier est la suivante : quelle est la distribution spatiale des relations technologiques externes des entreprises innovantes, existe-t-il un enracinement territorial à la dynamique d’innovation, quels en sont les facteurs explicatifs ? Pour répondre à ces interrogations nous mobilisons une base de données statistiques relatives au comportement d’innovation de 122 entreprises industrielles de plus de 20 salariés de la région Rhône-Alpes. On montre qu’il existe bien une prépondérance des relations de proximité géographique dans les stratégies de « géolocalisation » des relations technologiques externes, mais celles-ci ne sont ni systématiques, ni exclusives et requièrent d’être spécifiées.
Estimation des effets de proximité dans le processus de convergence régionale : une approche par l'économétrie spatiale sur 92 régions européennes (1980-1995)
Authors: Baumont Catherine , Ertur Cem , Le Gallo Julie
Published: May 2012

Résumé L’objectif de cet article est d’examiner les conséquences de la dépendance spatiale sur la croissance régionale et le processus de convergence. Sur un échantillon de 92 régions européennes sur la période 1980-1995, nous montrons que le modèle de β-convergence absolue doit être re-spécifié en raison de la présence d’auto-corrélation spatiale. Les méthodes de l’économétrie spatiale nous orientent vers une spécification avec erreurs spatialement auto-corrélées qui nous permet de mettre en évidence un effet de débordement géographique. Nous montrons ainsi que le taux de croissance d’une région est influencé positivement par les taux de croissance des régions contiguës.
Différenciation spatiale des prix du logement à Monaco : une reformulation du concept de distance au centre
Authors: Fustier Bernard , Vassallo Marc
Published: May 2012

Résumé En économie urbaine, le choix de localisation résidentielle résulte d’un arbitrage entre le prix du logement et le coût du transport vers le centre-ville. Le modèle ALONSO-MUTH décrit rigoureusement les termes de cet arbitrage et conclut à une décroissance des valeurs foncières en fonction de la distance au centre. Malgré les hypothèses très fortes sur lesquelles repose l’analyse, on souhaite confronter la « loi de décroissance des valeurs foncières » à la distribution spatiale des prix du logement (à la vente et à la location) dans la ville de Monaco. Malgré l’exiguïté du territoire de la Principauté, c’est la détermination du centre-ville qui a constitué la plus grande difficulté de l’étude. L’assimilation du centre de la ville à son noyau historique (facilement identifiable) n’est pas satisfaisante et on montre que la « loi » ne s’applique pas dans ce cas. Une analyse plus fine de la localisation des activités conduit à mettre l’accent sur le caractère plus ou moins central des différents quartiers. Une hiérarchie de centralité est construite dans le cadre des modèles de potentiels et une nouvelle mesure de la distance au centre est proposée (écart de centralité par rapport au sommet de la hiérarchie). En substituant cette dernière à la distance physique, on montre que les prix des logements diminuent d’une manière significative avec le degré de centralité du lieu de résidence.
Répression du stationnement frauduleux et congestion routière urbaine
Authors: Petiot Romain
Published: May 2012

Résumé L’article propose une analyse économique du comportement de fraude au stationnement payant. Fondé sur une représentation du comportement de stationnement, le modèle repose sur les principes théoriques de l’analyse économique du crime. Les résultats indiquent que le choix du niveau d’amende influence le niveau de mobilité et le partage modal. Notamment, il existe des états d’hypercongestion du stationnement pour lesquels l’augmentation de l’amende procure à l’usager neutre au risque un avantage à utiliser la voiture et à frauder. Ce résultat conduit à rejeter le consensus prescrivant l’augmentation systématique de l’amende pour dissuader la fraude dans une perspective de régulation des déplacements. Les simulations numériques confirment ces résultats.
Modification of an Amposta origin bitumen by using tlie Friedel and Crafts reaction with toluyiene-2,4-diisocyanate
Authors: Blanco M.
Published: May 2012

In this works, we have modified a bitumen from Amposta by using the Friedel and Crafts reaction with toluylene-2,4-diisocyanate in presence of aluminium trichloride, presenting as well as the characteristics of the original bitumen as the ones of the modification products. We have made technological test, aging of thin film, rheological test, thermical susceptibility and components analyses.
Corrosion of bare and galvanized steel in gypsum
Authors: Gómez Mercedes , Andrade Carmen
Published: May 2012

Gypsum is a relatively low-cost building material much abounding in our country. When it is put in contact with steel, it may produce high corrosion rates due to its pH value (close to 7). This work reports the results obtained in studying the corrosion rates of bare and galvanized steel in contact with gypsum and plaster, as well as the influence curing thermal treatment applied to gypsum, enviromental relative humidity and addition of compounds with different natures and purposes may have in such process.
In-situ observations, as well as the measurement of the Polarization Resistance and the weight loss have been used as measurement technics. From the results obtained it has been possible to deduce that galvanized steel has better behaviour in dry enviroments than bare steel in the same conditions and moist atmosphere induces proportionally more corrosion in galvanized steel than in bare one. Additions to gypsum do not modified these conclusions, though it may be pointed out that addition of nitrites or lime improves the behaviour of bare steel, while galvanized behaviour is not modified. The addition of lime is not recommended because phenomena of dilated along time expansion may take place.
Sulfate resistance evaluation of the cement with fly ash (using the Koch & Steinegger method)
Authors: Irassar Edgardo F. , Sota Jorge D. , Batic Oscar R.
Published: May 2012

The increase of active mineral admixtures consumption in contemporaneous cementiceous materials has stablished revision of some test methods.
In the evaluation of blended cement durability, many accelerated tests of large application in portland cements become unvalid, because they don't allow to value the improvements produced by pozzolan materials.
Koch-Steinegger Method appears as the most appropiate to evaluate sulfate resistance of cement with active mineral admixtures.
In this paper are presented the results obtained with this test in the evaluation of an ordinary portland cement (CPN) and one resisting sulfates (CPARS), with low calcium fly ash addition. Fly ash is incorporated with three fineness (280, 420 and 480 m2/Kg Blaine). The results show that this addition improves sulfate resistance of CPN and in minor way of ARS cement. Fly ash influences evolution of mechanical strength in water and chemical resistance at first ages.
Effect of addition of opaline siliceous rocks at different proportions to portland cement
Authors: De Luxan M. P. , Sánchez de Rojas M. I. , Frías M. , Saavedra J. , Martín Patino M. T. , Madruga F.
Published: May 2012

En este trabajo se estudia la influencia de la presencia de rocas silíceas opalinas, procedentes de las provincias de Salamanca, Zamora y Avila, en las propiedades de los cementos mixtos fabricados con cemento portland y proporciones variables de estas rocas utilizadas como adiciones activas.
La caracterización de estos materiales y el estudio de las propiedades de los cementos preparados revelan la capacidad puzolánica de las rocas opalinas, y su singularidad respecto a otras puzolanas naturales, así como su posibilidad de empleo en la fabricación de cementos con adiciones.
Influence of the conductivity and the Ionic strength of synthetic solutions which simulate the aquouse phase of concrete In the corrosion process
Authors: Goñi S. , Moragues A. , Andrade C.
Published: May 2012

Polarization Resistance (Rp) has been the electrochemical technique employed to study quantitatively the influence of Cl- and OH- ions on the corrosion of steel reinforcing, in a synthetic aqueous medium of similar composition to those of the concrete pore solution. Ionic strength, resistivity and their variations in function of CI- and OH- concentration have been chosen as more interesting solution parameters, together with intensity and potential corrosion measurements. The results showed the clear antagonistic role played by CI- and OH- ions on the corrosion process, which decreased as ionic strength increased.
Factorial Design in Cement Raw Mix Reactivity Investigation
Authors: Duque Fernández Gabriel Luis , Cardoso Camacho Josefina de las Mercedes , Rubio Frías Ester , Muller Wilhem
Published: May 2012

The present paper corroborates, that experimental design technics are applicable to raw mix burnability investigations, and with it the obtained results could cover all the range of possible concentrations of industrial interest. Obtained results agree with theory.
A negative interaction was found between lime saturation factor (LSF) and silicate module (Ms) in raw mix burnability and in cement reactivity.
In the concentration range studied, working with high LSF and low Ms is recommended.
Corrosion processes (chemical deterioration) on the stones used in the Cathedral of Seville (Spain)
Authors: Bello M. A. , Martín A.
Published: May 2012

Important factors of deterioration which contribute significately to the worrying state of degradation of the petreous materials in the Cathedral of Seville, essentially those used for ornamental objects, are those of anthropogenic nature which through corrosion mechanisms (chemical deterioration) determine the main macroscopical manifestations of the characteristic deterioration of this building.
In this report, some of the results of an investigation carried out on diverse aspects of chemical deterioration experienced by the main lithotypes used in the construction of the Cathedral of Sevilla are gathered
Macroscopical morphology of accelerated deterioration of same petreous materials in Andalusian-Spain monuments
Authors: Alcalde M. , Martín A.
Published: May 2012

Several lithotypes used in diverse Andalusian monuments have undergone laboratory experiments of salt crystallization and within controlled environments.
The indicators of deterioration that appear are justified from the point of view of the type of experiment and the lithotype, and compared with those found in the monuments.
The capillarity with forced ventilation experiment, with an original and simple design, is of special signification. With wich the typical desquamations in the marbles of the Cathedral of Cádiz are reproduced.
Influencia de un aditivo no comercial sobre la calidad de los yesos en construcción
Authors: Galvañ Llopis V. , Soriano Cubells M. , Palaia Pérez L. , Mas Tomas A. , Monzo Hurtado V.
Published: May 2012

At the present paper, it shows how has been studied the influence over the quality of a special sort of gypsum, when it has been added as "additive" 0,96% of potasium chlorurus (Kcl), it has been observed the variation on the mechanical proprieties and also over the time of the beginning and end of the set. Also with the use ot a scanner Electronic Microscopic (M.E.B.), it has been observed the results obtained using such additive and it has been made a comparison with the finded values for the standard specimen.
La normalización de piedras naturales
Authors: Mañana Vázquez Ramón
Published: May 2012

The natural stone sector, like any other industrial sector, requires the technological support of standardization for its promotion and development.
As a consequence of the creation of AENOR, CTN 22 "Mining and Explosives" consisting of seven subcommittees, was founded. Subcommittee 7 "Natural Stone" is composed of representatives of the businessmen (Stone Federation), Administration (General Office of Mining and Construction, Technical Geo-Mining Institute of Spain —ITGE—, General Office of Housing and Architecture, etc.), Laboratories (Official Laboratory of Construction Materials Testing —LOEMCO—, Central Laboratory of MOPU (Ministry of Publics Works, etc.), Users (Higher Council of Architectural Colleges of Spain, National Confederation of Construction).
The Work Plan of the SC 7 "Natural Stone" is the following:
— Coordination of the activities of the task groups of the European Committee for Standardization (CEN).
— Organization and coordination of the activities of the new Technical Committee of ISO (TC 196 "Natural Stone"). , an intense effort of coordination is required, which is the responsibility given to the Secretary of the Technical Committee of Standardization of Mining and Explosives and carried out by AITEMIN.
The work of standardization in the natural stone sector requires the active participation of all the concerned agents in the European and international forums. In order to accomplish this task.
Fatiga higroscópica y dimensional de la madera
Authors: Guindeo Casaús Antonio , García Esteban Luis
Published: May 2012

This article abridges the investigation line followed to demonstrate and to evaluate the physical phenomenon of the hygroscopic fatigue dimensional.
For such intention has been used the construction of isothermals for 20 ºC and the establishment of oldness coefficients to evaluate such process.
The application of thermal analysis to the hydration and conversión Reactions of calcium alumínate Cements
Authors: Bushnell-Watson S. M. , Sharp J. H.
Published: May 2012

The hydration of calcium aluminates cements is dominated by that of CA, CaAl2O4, which is a major constituent of all of them. At ambient temperatures, CAH10 and an amorphous phase are formed initially, but these are metastable and slowly (or more rapidly if exposed to higher temperatures) transform into C3AH6 and gíbbsite. This conversion reaction is accompanied by and increase ín porosity, which can lead to a loss in strength and vulnerability to chemical attack. Various methods of thermal analysis have been applied as a routine test to determine the degree of conversion, and the results from these methods are critically evaluated. Thermal analysis is a useful technique for identification of the various hydrates that can form in these systems, especially at early stages of hydration when poorly crystalline phases are present. Differential thermal analysis curves showing peaks attributable to all these hydrates are presented and it is shown that overlap frequently occurs, leading to difficulties in interpretation, which can sometimes be minimized by use of a complementary technique such as X-ray diffraction.
Calcium aluminate cement concrete: durablllty and conversión. A fresh look at an old subject
Authors: George C. M. , Montgomery R. G. J.
Published: May 2012

This paper re-examines the relationship between durability and conversion of calcium aluminate cement concretes, CACC.
Conversion is a natural and inevitable process whereby these materials reach a stable mature condition.
Numerous structures built more than half a century ago remain serviceable and in service today. Some of these are illustrated. They are the best testament to the durability of converted concrete having survived far longer in the converted than the unconverted condition.
The unique rapid hardening characteristics of CACC offer a valuable selfheating capability. Conversión is immediate and this leads to better long term strengths because more cement is hydrated. Moreover, recent work has shown that the thermodynamically stable hydrates of converted CAC are intrinsically more resistant to attack from such aggressive agents as sulphuric acid. This provides an explanation of the excellent long term performance of Fondu concretes, for example in many saewer applications.
Our knowledge and understanding today of the durability of calcium alumínate bonded materials has been built on close to 100 years of accumulated experience and laboratory studies. We know how to use these materials and we know what to expect from them. We can be confident that they will serve us well in the century ahead.
The most suitable techiniques and methods to identify high alumina cement and based portland cement in concretes
Authors: Blanco M. T. , Puertas F. , Vázquez T. , De la Fuente A.
Published: May 2012

Instrumental techniques are indicated and the most adequated methodologies for determining the nature of the binder in concretes are explained. These methods are:
a) Determination of the Silicic Moduli through chemical analysis of the sample. This test reveáis very different valúes between cement portland based concrete and high alumina cement based concretes.
b) X-ray diffraction. It is considered as the best method. In the present paper the main diffraction Unes corresponding to the components of hydrated portland cement and high alumina cement, are given.
As complementary methods having as limited use, DTA and TG are studied. The most significative changes of the hydrated phases of both cements when heated are shown.
A valoration of the Oxine test is also done as well as a description of using the characteristic colour of the high alumina cement as a practical indicator for determining its presence in concretes. Finally, comments on the significance of the presence of different CaCO3 polymorhisms in portland cement concrete and high alumina cement concrétete are also done.
The use of surface protectants: the current situation in Spain
Authors: Esbert R. M.
Published: May 2012

In the present paper a review is made about the works and researches related to the use of superficial protectants for the stones conservation in Spain.
It deals with the parameters and durability tests most frequently used in laboratories, in order to foretell the suitability of the different treatments.
It is also pointed out the significance that on the stone durability have the changes undergone by the treatment in the configuration of the pore system of the treated stone.
Several examples selected from recent scientific bibliography are shown and related to the aspects above mentioned.
Study of concrete deterioration thirough its microstructure
Authors: Ribas Silva Moema
Published: May 2012

The observed morphologies in concrete microstructure indicates a microbiological deterioration of the material. Some hypothesis are suggested, for the presence of the microorganisms in concrete. Its microstructure has been analysed through specified techniques and some microphotos of the observed morphologies and deterioration products are shown in this work.
Contribución al estudio de la sacarosa como aditivo retardador de la hidratación del cemento
Authors: Sotolongo R. , Gayoso R. , Gálvez M.
Published: May 2012

It is evaluated the influence of the saccharose as a retarder additive of the cement set in the hydration of the alita and the development of the mechanical proprieties of Portland cement pastes till the age of 70 days.
The study has had in consideration additions of saccharose of o to 0.400 % / cement weight, also the influence of the fineness of the conglomerate and the use of the retarder mixed with an additive superplastic and an active mineral (natural puzolana).
Una nota sobre los Hormigones de Cemento Portland (HCP) y Hormigones de Cemento Portland con Adiciones (HCPA)
Authors: Talero Morales Rafael , Bolíati Pato Marcos-Rubén Rubén
Published: May 2012

Not available
Evaluation of hydrophobic treatments applied to stones used in andalusian cathedrals. III.-Accelerated weathering test with polluted atmosphere
Authors: Villegas Sánchez R. , Vale  Parapar J. F.
Published: May 2012

SUMMARY In this work we study the weathering resistance of samples of five types of stone used in Andalusian Cathedrals, treated with six water repellent products, by subjecting the samples to a SO2 polluted atmosphere.
To evaluate the alteration of the samples, besides visual observation of macroscopic aspect, changes in weight and the quantity of sulfate that remains on the surface have been measured. Also properties related with water have been measured after the test to determine if there have been any changes in the hydrophobic characteristics.
Meaning and power
Authors: Leroux Georges
Published: May 2012

Cet essai propose un portrait moral et philosophique de Jean-Paul Brodeur. Retraçant divers moments de sa formation en philosophie et rappelant ses premiers intérêts, je propose une esquisse de l’évolution de Jean-Paul Brodeur, à partir d’une critique de la philosophie spéculative menée au nom de l’objectivité des sciences sociales jusqu’à l’adoption d’un point de vue critique au sein même de la discipline criminologique.
Du bon usage des « modèles » de police
Authors: Lévy René
Published: May 2012

À la lumière de son dernier ouvrage, The Policing Web, cet article examine la manière dont Jean-Paul Brodeur utilise l’histoire pour conceptualiser l’opposition entre « haute » et « basse police » sur laquelle il a fondé sa réflexion théorique depuis le milieu des années 1980. En comparant la typologie des institutions policières élaborée par Jean-Paul Brodeur à celle de l’historien Clive Emsley, l’auteur oppose deux manières de faire l’histoire : soit comme l’étude d’une émergence, prenant en compte la complexité des phénomènes dans leur déploiement temporel à la faveurd’une nouvelle question ; soit comme quête d’une origine à partir d’unaboutissement - la situation actuelle - afin d’éclairer cette dernière. Dans un cas, l’accent est mis sur la relecture du passé à la lumière de préoccupations présentes ; dans l’autre, le passé est mis au service de la réévaluation du présent.
Keeping up with Best Evidence: What Resources are Available?
Authors: Hussain Nasir , Bhandari Mohit , Turvey Sarah
Published: May 2012

Evidence-based medicine (EBM) teaches physicians to base their decisions and actions on the best available scientific evidence in conjunction with their own expertise and the patient's values and preferences; however, this can be very time consuming as a one has to stay current and up-to-date with the most recent evidence. Several point-of-care databases, such as Up To Date and Dynamed, have been developed that distill the contents of medical journals into summaries with guidelines for practice in order to aid in EBM approach, but these also come with various limitations. Due to this, tools specific to surgical specialties are now beginning to be developed that systematically collect, appraise and summarize top quality evidence. One such tool is Ortho Evidence, which is an openaccess tool for orthopedic surgeons, researchers and allied healthcare professionals.

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Hussain N, Turvey S, Bhandari M. Keeping up with Best Evidence: What Resources are Available? J Postgrad Med Edu Res 2012;46(1):4-7.
Meta-analysis: Statistical Trickery or Sound Science?
Authors: Sohani Zahra
Published: May 2012

The goal of a systematic review is to present a balanced summary of existing research. In order to accomplish this, systematic reviews include a thorough search of relevant articles, including published and unpublished, using explicitly defined and reproducible criteria. The main rationale for conducting a meta-analysis comes from the fact that combining individual studies provide an increased sample size, which consequently improves the statistical power to detect treatment effect. If all steps outlined are followed properly and authors remain transparent regarding the design and conduct of the meta-analysis, this technique provides an excellent and scientifically sound means of synthesizing evidence.

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Sohani Z. Meta-analysis: Statistical Trickery or Sound Science? J Postgrad Med Edu Res 2012; 46(1):12-14.
Massive Obscure Overt Gastrointestinal Bleed: An Unusual Cause diagnosed by Capsule Endoscopy
Authors: Singh Surjeet , Sharma Aman , Rao Chalapathi , Rana Surinder S , Bhauwala Amit , Singh Kartar , Bhasin Deepak K
Published: May 2012

Common causes for obscure overt gastrointestinal bleeding originating from the small bowel include small bowel angioectasias, Crohn's disease, ulcers and tumors. In tropical countries, intestinal ulcerations secondary to tuberculosis and parasitic infestations have also been described as causes of gastrointestinal bleeding. We present a very unusual case of massive obscure overt gastrointestinal bleeding due to massive hookworm infestation of the small bowel that was diagnosed by capsule endoscopy and successfully treated with oral albendazole.

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Rao C, Sharma A, Rana SS, Bhauwala A, Singh S, Singh K, Bhasin DK. Massive Obscure Overt Gastrointestinal Bleed: An Unusual Cause diagnosed by Capsule Endoscopy. J Postgrad Med Edu Res 2012;46(1):37-39.
Coexisting Tuberculosis and Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma on 18F-Fluorodeoxyglucose PET-CT
Authors: Kashyap R , Mittal BR , Bhattacharya A , Agrawal KL , Manohar K , Varma SC , Dey P , Das A
Published: May 2012

Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) has been related to immune deficiency and may be preceded by chronic inflammatory diseases. Tuberculosis (TB), on the other hand, is a chronic infectious disease whose presentation and reactivation is known to be promoted by cell mediated immunodeficiency. The coexistence of NHL and TB in the same patient is not uncommon, and PET/CT using F-18 fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) may show tracer-avid lymph nodes in both conditions. This case illustrates the importance of FDG PET/CT guided biopsy in confirming a diagnosis of concurrent NHL and TB.

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Bhattacharya A, Agrawal KL, Kashyap R, Manohar K, Mittal BR, Varma SC, Dey P, Das A. Coexisting Tuberculosis and Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma on 18F-Fluorodeoxyglucose PET-CT. J Postgrad Med Edu Res 2012;46(1):49-50.
Day and night columnar aerosol properties at Granada (Spain) retrieved from sun-and star-photometry
Authors: Pérez-Ramírez D. , Lyamani H. , Olmo F. J. , Whiteman D. N. , Alados-Arboledas L.
Published: May 2012

Abstract. This works present the first analysis of long-term day- and night-time columnar aerosol optical properties. To this end we have used a combination of sun and star photometer measurements at the city of Granada (37.16° N, 3.60° W, 680 m a.s.l.; South-East of Spain) from 2007 to 2010. For the whole study period, mean aerosol optical depth (AOD) at 440 nm (± standard deviation) is 0.18 ± 0.10 and 0.19 ± 0.11 for day- and night-time, respectively, while the mean Angström exponent (α) is 1.0 ± 0.4 and 0.9 ± 0.4 for day- and night-time. The ANOVA statistical tests reveal that there are no significant differences between the AOD and α obtained at day-time and those obtained at night-time. Additionally, the mean day-time values of AOD and α obtained during this period are within the values obtained in the surrounding AERONET stations. On the other hand, AOD presents an evident seasonal pattern characterized by large values in summer (mean values of 0.20 ± 0.10 both at day- and night-time) and low values in winter (mean values of 0.15 ± 0.09 at day-time and 0.17 ± 0.10 at night-time). The Angström exponent presents clear seasonal pattern with low values in summer (mean values of 0.8 ± 0.4 and 0.9 ± 0.4 at day- and night-time) and relatively large values in winter (mean values of 1.2 ± 0.4 and 1.0 ± 0.3 at day- and night-time). These seasonal patterns are explained by the differences in the meteorological conditions and by the differences in the strength of aerosol sources during day and night. To take more insight about the changes in aerosol particles between day and night, the spectral difference of the Angström exponent (δα) as function of α is also studied. This analysis reveals an increase in the fine mode radius and in the fine mode contribution to AOD during night-time, being more remarkable in summer seasons. These changes are explained by the changes in the local aerosol source emissions and meteorological conditions between day- and night-time, as well as aerosol aging processes.
Impact of meteorological analyses and chemical data assimilation on modelled long-term changes in stratospheric NO2
Authors: Gunn L. N. , Chipperfield M. P. , Feng W. , Van Roozendael M. , Gil M. , Yela M. , Johnston P. V. , Kreher K. , Wood S. W.
Published: May 2012

Abstract. We have used a three-dimensional (3-D) off-line chemical transport model (CTM) to investigate long-term changes in stratospheric NO2. The basic model was integrated from 1977 to 2001 using ECMWF (European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forcasts) ERA-40 reanalyses. Additional model runs were performed which assimilated HALOE observations of long-lived tracers to constrain the model trace gas distributions. Assimilation of a single long-lived species (CH4) improves not only the distribution of all other long-lived species, via tracer-tracer correlations, but also shorter lived radical and reservoir species. Assimilation of the long-lived species corrects for errors in the model, due to horizontal transport from the ERA-40 reanalyses, and allows a more direct test of the model's chemistry. The basic model significantly underestimates the observed column NO2 from mid-latitude ground-based sites in the mid-late 1990s. The mean underestimate is ~ 26% for summertime values between 1992 and 1998. Moreover, as the model agreement is better in the early 1990s, it underestimates the increasing trend throughout the decade. However, when the model assimilates HALOE CH4 data both comparisons are greatly improved. The mean model-observation difference reduces to 8% for summertime values and the trend improves. This indicates that given realistic wind fields to constrain the tracer transport, the model chemistry and aerosol schemes are able to reproduce the observed trends in NO2. Implications of this for using analysed wind fields to determine dynamical ozone trends are discussed. Ozone trends derived directly from transport models forced by analysed winds are likely subject to similar errors.
Downscaling ERA-Interim temperature data in complex terrain
Authors: Gao L. , Bernhardt M. , Schulz K.
Published: May 2012

Abstract. Air temperature controls a large variety of environmental processes, and is an essential input parameter for land surface models e.g. in hydrology, ecology and climatology. However, meteorological networks, which can provide the necessary information, are commonly sparse in complex terrains, especially in high mountainous regions. In order to provide temperature data in an adequate temporal and spatial resolution for local scale applications, we have developed a new downscaling method able to scale 3-hourly ERA-Interim temperature data. The scheme is based on model internal vertical lapse rates derived from different ERA-Interim pressure levels. The results are validated for three meteorological stations, located within the same ERA-Interim grid element: Zugspitze, Garmisch-Partenkirchen and Zugspitzplatt, in the German Alps; they are also compared with two other statistical, lapse rate based downscaling approaches. The results indicate that the use of model internal ERA-Interim lapse rates can significantly improve the downscaling performance when compared to the standard procedure of using fixed lapse rates.
Climatic controls on diffuse groundwater recharge across Australia
Authors: Barron O. V. , Crosbie R. S. , Pollock D. , Dawes W. R. , Charles S. P. , Pickett T. , Donn M.
Published: May 2012

Abstract. Reviews of field studies of groundwater recharge have attempted to investigate how climate characteristics control recharge, but due to a lack of data have not been able to draw any strong conclusions beyond that rainfall is the major determinant. This study has used numerical modeling for a range of Köppen-Geiger climate types (tropical, arid and temperate) to investigate the effect of climate variables on recharge for different soil and vegetation types. For the majority of climate types the total annual rainfall had a weaker correlation with recharge than the rainfall parameters reflecting rainfall intensity. In regions with winter-dominated rainfall, annual recharge under the same annual rainfall, soils and vegetation conditions is greater than in regions with summer-dominated rainfall. The relative importance of climate parameters other than rainfall is higher for recharge under annual vegetation, but overall is highest in the tropical climate type. Solar radiation and vapour pressure deficit show a greater relative importance than mean annual daily mean temperature. Climate parameters have lowest relative importance in the arid climate type (with cold winters) and the temperate climate type. For 75% of all considered cases of soil, vegetation and climate types recharge elasticity varies between 2 and 4, indicating a 20% to 40% change in recharge for a 10% change in annual rainfall Understanding how climate controls recharge under the observed historical climate allows more informed choices of analogue sites if they are to be used for climate change impact assessments.
Finite element thermal analysis of the fusion welding of a P92 steel pipe
Authors: Yaghi A. H. , Tanner D. W. J. , Hyde T. H. , Becker A. A. , Sun W.
Published: May 2012

Abstract. Fusion welding is common in steel pipeline construction in fossil-fuel power generation plants. Steel pipes in service carry steam at high temperature and pressure, undergoing creep during years of service; their integrity is critical for the safe operation of a plant. The high-grade martensitic P92 steel is suitable for plant pipes for its enhanced creep strength. P92 steel pipes are usually joined together with a similar weld metal. Martensitic pipes are sometimes joined to austenitic steel pipes using nickel based weld consumables. Welding involves severe thermal cycles, inducing residual stresses in the welded structure, which, without post weld heat treatment (PWHT), can be detrimental to the integrity of the pipes. Welding residual stresses can be numerically simulated by applying the finite element (FE) method in Abaqus. The simulation consists of a thermal analysis, determining the temperature history of the FE model, followed by a sequentially-coupled structural analysis, predicting residual stresses from the temperature history. In this paper, the FE thermal analysis of the arc welding of a typical P92 pipe is presented. The two parts of the P92 steel pipe are joined together using a dissimilar material, made of Inconel weld consumables, producing a multi-pass butt weld from 36 circumferential weld beads. Following the generation of the FE model, the FE mesh is controlled using Model Change in Abaqus to activate the weld elements for each bead at a time corresponding to weld deposition. The thermal analysis is simulated by applying a distributed heat flux to the model, the accuracy of which is judged by considering the fusion zones in both the parent pipe as well as the deposited weld metal. For realistic fusion zones, the heat flux must be prescribed in the deposited weld pass and also the adjacent pipe elements. The FE thermal results are validated by comparing experimental temperatures measured by five thermocouples on the pipe outside surface with the FE temperature history at corresponding nodal points.
Mapping and historical reconstruction of the great Mexican 22 June 1932 tsunami
Authors: Corona N. , Ramírez-Herrera M. T.
Published: May 2012

Abstract. At 07:00 h (UTC-6) on 22 June 1932, a Ms = 6.9 earthquake shocked the coasts of Colima and Jalisco. Five minutes later a tsunami arrived at the coast. It almost completely destroyed the town of Cuyutlán, Colima, causing the deaths of 50 people and leaving about 1200 injured. In this study, newspaper reports and technical reports are reviewed, as well as survivors' testimonials. The physical characteristics (mean sea level at the time, time of arrival, sea retreat, and inundation distribution) and the tsunami effects (number of victims, injuries, affected buildings) have been reconstructed and mapped. The interpretation of historical data allowed us to determine the intensity of the tsunami and to reveal the tsunamigenic source. This study emphasizes the relevance of historical analysis, including survivor's testimonies, in the reconstruction of tsunamis that lack instrumental data. The results of this study are relevant to paleotsunami studies and tsunami related hazard planning.
Changes in annual maximum number of consecutive dry and wet days during 1961–2008 in Xinjiang, China
Authors: Zhang Y. , Jiang F. , Wei W. , Liu M. , Wang W. , Bai L. , Li X. , Wang S.
Published: May 2012

Abstract. Extreme precipitation events are major causes of severe floods and droughts worldwide. Therefore, scientific understanding of changing properties of extreme precipitation events is of great scientific and practical merit in the development of human mitigation of natural hazards, such as floods and droughts. Wetness and dryness variations during 1961–2008 in Xinjiang, a region of northwest China characterised by an arid climate, are thoroughly investigated using two extreme precipitation indices. These are annual maximum consecutive dry days (CDD) and annual maximum consecutive wet days (CWD), based on a daily precipitation dataset extracted from 51 meteorological stations across Xinjiang. As a result, we present spatial distributions of mean annual CDD and mean annual CWD and their trends within the study period. The results indicate that: (1) CDD maximize in the Taklimakan and Turban basins of southeast Xinjiang, while minima are found in the Tianshan Mountains and the Ili river valley of northwest Xinjiang. On the contrary, the longest CWD are observed in northwest Xinjiang and the shortest in the southeast part of the region. (2) On an annual basis, CWD temporal variability shows statistically positive trends and a rate of increase of 0.1d/10a. CDD temporal variability shows statistically negative trends and a rate of decrease of 1.7d/10a. (3) Goodness-of-fit analysis for three candidate probability distribution functions, generalised Pareto distribution (GPD), generalised extreme value (GEV) and Gumbel, in terms of probability behaviours of CDD and CWD, indicates that the GEV can well depict changes of CDD and CWD. (4) The CDD and CWD better describe wet and dry conditions than precipitation in the Xinjiang. The results pave the way for scientific evaluation of dryness/wetness variability under the influence of changing climate over the Xinjiang region.