bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
CONTACT TOXICITIES OF 12 INSECTICIDES TO LEPTOGLOSSUS CORCULUS ADULTS (HEMIPTERA: COREIDAE)
Authors: Nord John C. , DeBarr Gary L.
Published: December 2009

Contact toxicities of 12 insecticides to adult Leptoglossus corculus (Say) were determined. All insecticides tested were moderately to highly toxic to adult females. Five insecticides—decamethrin, carbofuran, aminocarb, fenvalerate, and bioethanomethrin—were as toxic or more toxic than the standard, azinphosmethyl, at LD90. Decamethrin (LD90 =.06 μg/g body wt.) was 29 times more toxic than azinphosmethyl at LD90. Five insecticides—carbofuran, bioethanomethrin, resmethrin, azinphosmethyl, and chlorpyrifos—were tested on males also. The first three were significantly more toxic to females than males and the latter two were equally toxic to both sexes. All but two insecticides, decamethrin and bioethanomethrin, were equally toxic or more toxic to second-stage nymphs than adult females.
EFFECTS OF THE CHEMOSTERILANT THIOTEPA ON THE SEXUPARAE AND SEXUALES OF THE PEA APHID, ACYRTHOSIPHON PISUM (HOMOPTERA: APHIDIDAE)
Authors: Sharma M. L. , Thériault L. M.
Published: December 2009

Several chemosterilants have been tested against insects (Borkovec 1966). As a result, a total or partial sterility and decrease in fecundity have been noticed in several insects. Amongst Aphididae, Brevicoryne brassicae L., Myzus persicae Sulzer, Aphis fabae Scop., Macrosiphum euphorbiae Thomas, and Acyrthosiphon pisum (Harris) have been tested to determine the effects of chemosterilants like tepa, thiotepa, and metepa (Bonnemaison 1966; Bhalla and Robinson 1966, 1968; Chawla et al. 1973, 1974; Sharma et al. 1980; Steffan and Stüben 1976). In all previous work, either viviparae or their nymphal instars were the object of chemosterilant treatment and up to 95% reduction in fecundity was observed. Nothing to date has been described on the effect of chemosterilants on the sexuparae or sexuales of Aphididae. To continue with the results obtained by Sharma and Thériault (1980) and Sharma et al. (1980) on the viviparae, this paper describes the effects of 0.5% thiotepa [Tris (1-aziridinyl) phosphine sulphide] on sexuparae of the pea aphid, Acyrthosiphon pisum (Harris), and their progeny.
MONITORING THE BLUEBERRY MAGGOT, RHAGOLETIS MENDAX (DIPTERA: TEPHRITIDAE), WITH PHEROCON® AM TRAPS
Authors: Wood G. W. , Crozier L. M. , Neilson W. T. A.
Published: December 2009

The blueberry maggot, Rhagoletis mendax Curran, is the most important insect pest of lowbush blueberries. Concern for maggot does not generally result from direct crop losses, but from its presence in harvested fruit which can affect marketability.

Fortunately, the blueberry maggot is not a problem in all lowbush blueberry areas (Wood 1979), but where it does occur, producers are advised to apply one or two sprays annually. General recommendations often result in the unnecessary use of insecticides, especially in years when populations are at low levels because of natural control and management practices. Such misuse could be prevented if monitoring techniques were developed that provide information on seasonal adult prevalence.
DESCRIPTION OF LARVAE OF NEOACARUS OCCIDENTALS (ACARI: ARRENUROIDEA: NEOACARIDAE)
Authors: Smith Ian M.
Published: December 2009

Larvae of Neoacarus occidentalis Cook, the first known larval Neoacaridae, are described, and host association and distributional data for the species are provided. A provisional diagnosis for the genus Neoacarus and remarks on possible phylogenetic affinities of Neoacaridae are presented based upon new knowledge of larval morphology.
EFFECTS OF TEMPERATURE ON WINTER MOTH PUPAE,OPEROPHTERA BRUMATA(LEPIDOPTERA: GEOMETRIDAE)
Authors: Holliday N. J.
Published: December 2009

Pupae of winter moth,Operophtera brumata(L.) (Lepidoptera: Geometridae), from southwest England were subjected to nine temperature treatments in the laboratory. The pupal period of about 180 days was unaffected by changes in mean temperatures between 9.5 °C and 16.8 °C. Adult emergence was delayed at a mean temperature of 17.7 °C; no pupae survived at mean temperatures above this. These results are compared with conflicting statements in the literature about the relationship of length of the pupal period with temperature.

No pupae died when exposed to temperature cycles of 20°–25 °C in the early part of the pupal period. The same temperatures near the time of adult emergence caused increased mortality. The duration of the pupal period was unaffected by exposure of pupae to 12 h (rather than diurnal) temperature cycles.
INSECT VECTORS OF THE YEAST NEMATOSPORA CORYLI IN MUSTARD, BRASSICA JUNCEA, CROPS IN SOUTHERN SASKATCHEWAN
Authors: Burgess L. , Dueck J. , McKenzie D. L.
Published: December 2009

Eighteen piercing and sucking insects were identified as feeders on green pods of mustard crops, Brassica juncea (L.) Coss. in Saskatchewan. Of these, the false chinch bug, Nysius ericae (Shilling), Lygus spp., and the western damsel bug, Nabis alternatus Parshley, were found to carry the yeast Nematospora coryli Peglion internally. N. ericae was capable of transmitting this organism to seeds in healthy green mustard plants.
ANALYSIS OF INDIVIDUAL GYPSY MOTH SEX PHEROMONE PRODUCTION BY SAMPLE CONCENTRATING GAS CHROMATOGRAPHY
Authors: Ma Michael , Schnee Michael E.
Published: December 2009

Sample concentrating chromatography is a technique designed for trace analysis of organic compounds without the conventional concentration procedures such as nitrogen blowing or vacuum distillation. This method is uniquely suited for quantification of single insect pheromone production. Depending on temperature, gypsy moth females produced from 2.4 to 4.0 μg of sex pheromone (7,8-epoxy-2-methyloctadecane) per day.
POPILLIA JAPONICA (COLEOPTERA: SCARABAEIDAE): DISTRIBUTION AND MOVEMENT OF ADULTS IN HETEROGENEOUS ENVIRONMENTS
Authors: Régnière Jacques , Rabb Robert L. , Stinner R. E.
Published: December 2009

Adult Japanese beetle populations were sampled continuously during the summers of 1978 and 1979 in two agricultural stations in eastern North Carolina. Patterns in trap capture were used to develop a conceptual model of the movements of this insect in agricultural areas. A partition of land area is proposed, based on four categories of sites from the point of view of suitability to this insect's reproduction and survival: (1) intensive production sites, (2) marginal production sites, (3) migration alleys, and (4) adult feeding sites. This partition is suggested as a framework for discussion and study of the population dynamics of the insect.
MATING AND OVIPOSITION OF LABORATORY-REARED SIMULIUM VITTATUM (DIPTERA: SIMULIIDAE)
Authors: Tarrant Christine , Moobola Saul , Scoles Glen , Cupp E. W.
Published: December 2009

One complete generation of Simulium vittatum (Zett.) was reared in each of two trials using a Cornell automated rearing system. Insects reared from eggs oviposited in the laboratory by field-collected females constituted the parental generation. The feeding regimen used to rear the parental generations resulted in a shorter mean developmental time, larger adults, and a higher potential fecundity of females than obtained in previous rearings of S. vittatum in this system. Adults of both parental rearings mated and produced offspring with net reproductive rates of 0.048 and 0.027 for the first and second trials respectively. None of the eggs oviposited by F1 adults embryonated, due to the small number of F1 females and the low insemination rates.
FOUR EUROPEAN SPECIES OF PSALLUS FIEBER FOUND IN CANADA (HETEROPTERA: MIRIDAE)
Authors: Kelton Leonard A.
Published: December 2009

This note deals with four reddish species of European Psallus Fieber known to occur in Canada. Psallus roseus Fabricius was discovered in 1970 in British Columbia, and P. lepidus Fieber and P. jlavellus Stichel were discovered in 1976 in Nova Scotia and are now reported for the first time from the Nearctic region. They were probably introduced accidentally into this country some time ago with nursery stock. The fourth species, P. falleni Reuter, misidentified in North America as P. alnicola Douglas & Scott, is probably naturally Holarctic in distribution. The four species are redescribed, vesicae, left claspers and two adults are illustrated, and a key to separate them is provided.
SEASONAL OCCURRENCE OF LYGUS SPP. (HETEROPTERA: MIRIDAE) ON ALFALFA IN SASKATCHEWAN
Authors: Craig C. H.
Published: December 2009

Several species of Lygus (Hahn) that occur in Saskatchewan are serious and continuing pests of alfalfa grown for seed. They are readily controlled by any one of several insecticides, but the efficiency of this control is dependent upon knowing their seasonal development and occurrence on the crop.

In the years 1976 and 1978, at three locations in Saskatchewan, populations of Lygus in alfalfa seed crops were sampled at 5- to 7-day intervals throughout the period of insect activity. In 1979 and 1980 samples of bugs were taken occasionally from the same locations, and in all years from other locations in the province. A sample consisted of 0–700 specimens collected by either a 38-cm sweepnet in not less than 25 and as many as 200 random sweeps, or a D-Vac sampler in not less than 3 m2 in spring and after harvest when sweep-sampling was not possible. Collected specimens were preserved in alcohol, sorted, and identified. Additional data, not previously published, were available from a similar mid-1950's study of Lygus seasonal occurrence in alfalfa seed crops in the Torch River district of northeastern Saskatchewan.
DOSAGE RESPONSES OF THE LARVAL INSTARS OF THE BERTHA ARMYWORM, MAMESTRA CONFIGURATA (LEPIDOPTERA: NOCTUIDAE), TO A NATIVE NUCLEAR POLYHEDROSIS
Authors: Bucher G. E. , Turnock W. J.
Published: December 2009

The dosage–mortality relationship of a multi-embedded nuclear polyhedrosis virus was determined for each instar of the bertha armyworm by probit analysis of mortality following the ingestion of polyhedral inclusion bodies (PIBs) placed on the surface of an artificial diet. Susceptibility to infection decreased as larvae aged; the median exposure doses (LE50) increased from 18 PIBs/larva for the first larval instar (L1) to 21 × 106 PIBs/larva for half-grown L6. When given equivalent doses, the time for infected insects to die increased with the age of the larvae. Within any given instar the length of time to death shortened with increasing doses. Larvae that survived to become adults showed no signs of infection. There was no evidence that any infected individual could recover from infection. From the data presented, calculations show that maximum production, 2.90 × 109 PIBs/treated insect, is achieved by feeding 10,000–20,000 PIBs/larva to young L5. Larvae dying as L6 have about 40% of their normal dry weight of essential tissue converted to PIBs. Although this MNPV currently would not be cost effective as a spray for protecting crops from bertha armyworm damage, its potential as a biocontrol agent, applied in small amounts at an early stage in bertha armyworm outbreaks, should be evaluated.
THIODICARB AND SULPROPHOS APPLIED TO WESTERN SPRUCE BUDWORM,CHORISTONEURA OCCIDENTALIS(LEPIDOPTERA: TORTRICIDAE), WITH AN AERIAL SPRAY SIMULATOR
Authors: Richmond Charles E.
Published: December 2009

Thiodicarb and sulprophos were applied to western spruce budworm,Choristoneura occidentalisFreeman, which were infesting small Douglas-fir,Pseudotsuga menziesii(Mirb.) Franco. An aerial spray simulator was used for this application at three dosages. At 105 and 160 g a.i./ha, thiodicarb reduced the number of larvae/100 buds by at least 90%. Sulprophos failed to achieve the target mortality level of 90% or better, even at the highest dosage tested—at 380 g a.i./ha sulprophos reduced the number of larvae/100 buds by 74%. Thiodicarb appears to be the better candidate for future large-scale aerial tests.
A NEW SPECIES OF PYCNOGLYPTA THOMSON (COLEOPTERA: STAPHYLINIDAE) FROM EASTERN CANADA
Authors: Campbell J. M.
Published: December 2009

Pycnoglypta aptera, a new species of omaliine staphylinid, is described and compared with the Holarctic species Pycnoglypta lurida (Gyllenhal). Scanning electron photomicrographs, line drawings, and a key are provided to distinguish the species.
TWO BILATERAL GYNANDROMORPHS IN THE CALYPTRATAE (DIPTERA): HYDROTAEA METEORICA (MUSCIDAE) AND SIPHONA HOKKAIDENSIS (TACHINIDAE)
Authors: O'hara J. E.
Published: December 2009

Two bilateral gynandromorphs, specimens of Hydrotaea meteorica (Linn.) (Muscidae) and Siphona hokkaidensis Mesnil (Tachinidae), are described and illustrated. Circumversion of male genital parts is thought to have been prevented by adjacent female genital elements. Study of essentially unrotated male genital halves of these specimens suggests that asymmetry of male sternite 6 in schizophorans results from asymmetrical development (as advocated by Emmert (1972) and Griffiths (1972)) and not as a consequence of slight rotation during circumversion (as advocated by Crampton (1942) and McAlpine (1981)). From study of genital fusion of male and female sclerites across midline, it is further suggested that sternite 6 + 7 in the above species is derived primarily from sternite 6, not from sternites 6 plus 7 as described in Calliphora vicina R.D. by Emmert (1972).
RELIABILITY OF DEGREE-DAY INDICES FOR PREDICTING SPRING EMERGENCE OF THE SPOTTED TENTIFORM LEAFMINER, PHYLLONORYCTER BLANCARDELLA (LEPIDOPTERA: GRACILLARIIDAE), IN ONTARIO
Authors: Trimble R. M.
Published: December 2009

The validity of using 40 ± 12 degree-days (DD) above 6.7 °C summed from 1 April for predicting first spring emergence of the spotted tentiform leafminer, Phyllonorycter blancardella (Fabr.), was tested. In Ontario's major apple growing areas from 1978 to 1981, the observed day of first emergence occurred 12–45 days before the predicted day. Reasons for this inaccuracy are discussed.

An alternative method, summing DDs from 1 March above a base temperature of 5.5 °C, was also tested using three methods of computation. The number of DDs accumulated to the day of first emergence and to the day of 50% cumulative emergence varied greatly between years at one location and between locations during one year. This variation is likely due to a variable relationship between air temperature and temperature in the leafminer's habitat. It is suggested that a more accurate predictive index could be developed through an understanding of the relationship between habitat temperature and weather factors such as air temperature, insolation, and snow cover.
ASPECTS OF THE BIOLOGY OF FEMALE CHRYSOPS UNIVITTATUS (DIPTERA: TABANIDAE) IN SOUTHWESTERN QUEBEC
Authors: Leprince D. J. , Lewis D.J.
Published: December 2009

Chrysops univittatus Macquart females were more abundant in late July and early August in southwestern Quebec. Dry-ice baited canopy trap collections consisted of 55% (n = 177) of the nulliparous and 77% (n = 91) of the parous females. Incidence of nectar feeding, as determined by cold anthrone test, was 73% (n = 244) and 96% (n = 268) of the females contained sperm; no difference was found between parous and nulliparous females. This species is anautogenous, and only one gonotrophic cycle was recorded following ovary dissection. Number of ovarioles was correlated with body size (as determined by wing length) by linear regression analysis.
A SIMPLE VOLUMETRIC INSTRUMENT TO ESTIMATE BIOMASS OF FLUID-PRESERVED INVERTEBRATES
Authors: Ciborowski Jan J. H.
Published: December 2009

Placing preserved animals in the wide arm of a fluid-filled U-shaped open tube provides an accurate linear measure of biomass. Changes in fluid level are monitored by projecting an image of the tube into a dissecting microscope equipped with an ocular micrometer. Precision of the calibration curves is equivalent to length–weight regressions. However, only a single curve need be generated to predict wet weight of many taxa. Separate calibration curves are required to predict dry weights of hard- and soft-bodied taxa. The instrument is not suitable for measuring biomass of living individuals.
CHANGES IN SPRUCE BUDWORM,CHORISTONEURA FUMIFERANA(LEPIDOPTERA: TORTRICIDAE), BIOMASS IN STANDS TREATED WITH COMMERCIALBACILLUS THURINGIENSISVAR.KURSTAKI
Authors: Morris O. N. , Moore A.
Published: December 2009

Larval biomass of the spruce bud worm,Choristoneura fumiferana(Clem.), in balsam fir,Abies balsameaL., stands was significantly reduced following aerial applications of commercialBacillus thuringiensis(B.t.) (Thuricide 16B®, 24B and 32BX and Dipel 85®). Treatment with Dipel vehicle (Dipel 88®withoutB.t.) did not affect larval biomass. Biomass reduction following the Thuricide treatment was directly related to feeding activity. These findings support published observations on the long-term effect ofB.t.on budworm populations.
SEASONAL INCIDENCE OF SINGLE AND MULTIPLE PARITY IN MANSONIA PERTURBANS (DIPTERA: CULICIDAE)
Authors: Trueman David W. , McIver Susan B.
Published: December 2009

Parity of Mansonia perturbans was monitored in Algonquin Park, Ontario from 17 June to 12 August 1981. The first parous individual was recorded on 8 July and parity increased to a plateau of about 60% in late July. The first biparous individual was observed on 30 July and a triparous mosquito was collected on 12 August.
DELAYED DEVELOPMENT OF MICROCTONUS VITTATAE (HYMENOPTERA: BRACONIDAE) IN SUPERPARASITIZED ADULTS OF PHYLLOTRETA CRUCIFERAE (COLEOPTERA: CHRYSOMELIDAE)
Authors: Wylie H. G.
Published: December 2009

The length of the developmental period from oviposition to adult emergence for nondiapausing individuals of a solitary endophagous braconid, Microctonus vittatae Mues., was usually about 4 wk at 20°C, 70–80% R.H., and a 16h:8h L:D cycle. However, living second and subsequent instar parasite larvae were occasionally found in adults of Phyllotreta cruciferae (Goeze) and Phyllotreta striolata (F.) (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) dissected 25–30 days after parasitization. Most of these beetles also contained one or more dead parasite eggs or first-instar larvae, suggesting that superparasitism prolonged development of the single surviving parasite in each host. Therefore, the effect of superparasitism on the parasite's development was investigated by recording the length of the developmental period of M. vittatae in two groups of adult P. cruciferae, one consisting of a majority of superparasitized individuals and the other mostly of hosts with only one immature parasite each.
DESCRIPTION OF LARVAE AND ADULTS OF PARAMIDEOPSIS SUSANAE N. GEN., N. SP., WITH REMARKS ON PHYLOGENY AND CLASSIFICATION OF MIDEOPSIDAE (ACARI: PARASITENGONA: ARRENUROIDEA)
Authors: Smith Ian M.
Published: December 2009

Larvae, and male and female adults, of Paramideopsis susanae n. gen., n. sp. are described. The genus Paramideopsis is proposed and diagnosed based primarily upon the autapomorphic presence of 6 pairs of genital acetabula on plates flanking the gonopore in adults. Possible relationships between P. susanae and other Mideopsidae are discussed.
SECONDARY ATTRACTION IN THE WESTERN BALSAM BARK BEETLE, DRYOCOETES CONFUSUS (COLEOPTERA: SCOLYTIDAE)
Authors: Stock A. J. , Borden J. H.
Published: December 2009

Evidence for secondary attraction in the western balsam bark beetle, Dryocoetes confusus Swaine, was obtained in laboratory bioassays and field experiments. Both sexes showed positive responses to volatiles of the host tree, Abies lasiocarpa (Hook.) Nutt., indicating that primary attraction is probably important in host selection by this species. Male beetles initiated attack and within 6 h produced an aggregation pheromone(s), which was present in frass and in pentane extracts of the abdomens of males excised from logs. Both sexes responded to the pheromone. Abdominal extract of unmated males which had bored into host bark for 14 days was still attractive. Pheromone production was induced by exposing males to host resin volatiles. Mating had no effect on male attractiveness, but induced females to produce an antiaggregation pheromone which, in laboratory bioassays, at least partially inhibited response to male attractant. The attractive volatiles from male-infested logs were successfully captured on Porapak Q®. The development of laboratory bioassay and pheromone extraction techniques indicates that a pheromone isolation program is feasible.
A REVISION OF THE NORTH AMERICAN OMALIINAE (COLEOPTERA: STAPHYLINIDAE) THE GENUSOLOPHRUM ERICHSON
Authors: Campbell J. M.
Published: December 2009

The North American species of the genusOlophrumErichson are revised. Seven species are recognized, the holarctic speciesO. latumMäklin,O. borealeGyllenhal,O. consimileGyllenhal, andO. rotundicolleC. R. Sahlberg; the eastern North American speciesO. obtectumErichson, and the new speciesO. cascadeuseknown from northern California and eastern Oregon andO. idahoenseknown from southern Idaho.

Lectotypes are designated forO. marginatumMäklin (=O. consimile),O. parvulumMäklin (=O. consimile),O. convexumMäklin (=O. rotundicolle), andO. convexicolleLeConte (=O. rotundicolle). The following new synonymy was established:O. bernhauerianumScheerpeltz,O. recticolleScheerpeltz,O. recticolle curtipenneScheerpeltz are synonyms ofO. consimile;O. quesneliHatch is a synonym ofO. boreale; andO. brevicolleBernhauer is a synonym ofO. latum. All species are described and illustrated with scanning electron photomicrographs and line drawings, five maps showing the North American distribution of each species are provided, and a key is presented to aid in the identification of the species. All available records and biological data for the species are provided.
EFFECT OF TEMPERATURE AND STAGE OF DEVELOPMENT ON SUSCEPTIBILITY OF AEDES EUEDES AND AEDES STIMULANS (DIPTERA: CULICIDAE) LARVAE TO TEMEPHOS
Authors: Helson B. V. , Surgeoner G. A.
Published: December 2009

In laboratory trials, the susceptibility of Aedes euedes Howard, Dyar and Knab and Aedes stimulans (Walker) larvae to temephos (Abate®), was positively correlated with increasing temperature. Early instar larvae were more susceptible than late instars. Susceptibility differed 36 times from the fourth instars at 4 °C (24 h LC50 = 16.92 ppb) to the first instars at 19 °C (24 h LC50 = 0.47 ppb) the extremes of instar and temperature tested. The minimum recommended dosage of temephos (6 ppb) was ca. 9 times the LC90 of first instar A. stimulans and A. euedes at 19 °C. By contrast, the 24 h LC90 of 67.4 ppb for the fourth instar of A. stimulans at 4 °C was ca. 4 times the maximum concentration of temephos (18 ppb) currently recommended for Aedes spp. control. However, in simulated pool studies, satisfactory control of A. stimulans was achieved by 72 h posttreatment at the highest recommended dosage.
NEW SPECIES OF ILLIDOPS AND BRACON (HYMENOPTERA: BRACONIDAE) OF POTENTIAL USE IN BIOLOGICAL CONTROL
Authors: Wharton Robert A.
Published: December 2009

Two new species of Braconidae are described from North America. Illidops terrestris new species was reared from Elasmopalpus lignosellus (Zeller), and is the first described species of Illidops from North America. Bracon compressitarsis new species was reared from the boll weevils Anthonomus grandis Boheman and A. hunteri Burke and Cate. It is distinguished from other braconids previously recorded from boll weevils.
NEW RECORDS OF WINTER STONEFLIES (PLECOPTERA) FROM MANITOBA WITH NOTES ON THEIR ZOOGEOGRAPHICAL ORIGINS
Authors: Flannagan J. F. , Cobb D. G.
Published: December 2009

Recent collections (1980–1982) of winter stoneflies in southern Manitoba have resulted in the addition of five previously unrecorded species: Capnia coloradensis Claassen, C. confusa Claassen, Paracapnia angulata Hanson, Skwala parallela (Frison), and Utacapnia trava (Nebeker and Gaufin) to the nine previously recorded species. Eight of the 14 species now known from Manitoba occur in the small spring-fed streams on the east escarpment of the Duck Mountain Provincial Park. The probable zoogeographical origins and present distribution of winter stoneflies in Manitoba are explained in light of various post-glacial drainage patterns. Adults of U. trava were observed, often copulating, on the underside of the ice. They were also observed crawling away from streams with no ice cover to a distance of 50 m.
A REVIEW OF THE ATYLOTUS INSUETUS GROUP FROM WESTERN NORTH AMERICA INCLUDING DESCRIPTION OF A NEW SPECIES AND IMMATURE STAGES (DIPTERA: TABANIDAE)
Authors: Teskey H. J.
Published: December 2009

Described are adults of Atylotus insuetus (Osten Sacken), A. calcar n. sp., A. utahensis (Rowe and Knowlton) and A. tingaureus (Philip) and immature stages of the first two species. The distribution of the four species in western North America is plotted and a key is provided for their separation.
RECOGNITION OFILYBIUS VITTIGER(GYLLENHAL, 1827), NEW COMBINATION, IN NORTH AMERICA (COLEOPTERA: DYTISCIDAE)
Authors: Larson D. J. , Roughley Robert E.
Published: December 2009

The speciesDytiscus vittigerGyllenhal, 1827 is transferred from the genusAgabusLeachsensu lat. toIlybiusErichson. The species is recorded from the western arctic regions of North America for the first time. A full description of the species and comparisons with other North American members of the genus are provided.
EFFETS SUR LA DERIVE DES INSECTES AQUATIQUES D'UN TRAITEMENT AU TEMEPHOS CONTRE LES LARVES DE MOUSTIQUES DANS LE QUEBEC SUBARCTIQUE
Authors: Back C. , Leblanc A. , Aubin A.
Published: December 2009

En mai 1980, on a étudié pendant 5 j la dérive des insectes aquatiques dans 3 ruisseaux drainant des tourbières traitées au téméphos granulé pour le contrôle des larves de moustiques, à Gagnon (51°52′ N, 68°10′ O) dans le Québec subarctique. Dans les tourbières l'activité résiduelle du téméphos contre les larves de moustiques est passée de 100% à 0% en 5 j. Alors qu'un ruisseau témoin ne montrait aucun changement, la dérive a augmenté en moyenne de 6.4 fois dans les 3 ruisseaux exposés pendant les 3 j suivant l'épandage. L'augmentation de dérive a été significative pour les Plécoptères (11.8 fois), les Ephéméroptères (4.7 fois) et les Diptères (3 fois), mais pas pour les Trichoptères ni les autres insectes. Pour chaque ordre respectivement, cette augmentation est due à Podmosta macdunnoughi (Nemouridae), aux Baetis spp. (Baetidae) et aux Chironomidae. Une analyse en composantes principales distingue les échantillons traités des échantillons avant traitement ou témoins (facteur 1) et groupe les échantillons selon le ruisseau d'origine (facteur 2). Les données montrent que le téméphos, lorsqu'appliqué contre les larves de moustiques dans les tourbières, augmente la dérive des insectes aquatiques dans les ruisseaux drainant celles-ci, et que P. macdunnoughi est particulièrement sensible à cet insecticide or-ganophosphoré.
SEASONAL OCCURRENCE AND CHEMICAL CONTROL OF THE BROMEGRASS SEED MIDGE, CONTARINIA BROMICOLA (DIPTERA: CECIDOMYHDAE), IN SASKATCHEWAN
Authors: Curry P. S. , Knowles R. P. , Waddington J.
Published: December 2009

Populations of the bromegrass seed midge, Contarinia bromicola Marikovskiy and Agafonova, were sampled in bromegrass plots in Saskatchewan in the years 1974 to 1980 inclusive. Two peaks of midge adult numbers were observed, the first at bromegrass heading time in early June and the second about 20–25 days later at bromegrass flowering. Parasitism by a species of Tetrastichus (Eulophidae) varied from 30% to 75%. Carbofuran (0.14 kg A.I./ha) or dimethoate (0.56 kg A.I./ha) spray, applied just before emergence of adult midges at flowering time, significantly reduced numbers of midges and parasites resident in the plants in both of two field tests; a second generation of midge larvae, following invasion by midge adults, was significantly reduced by residual treatment effect in only 1 of the 2 years.
ELECTROPHORETIC AND MORPHOLOGICAL SEPARATION OFPROSIMULIUM FUSCUMANDP. MIXTUM LARVAE (DIPTERA: SIMULIIDAE)
Authors: Snyder T. P. , Linton M. C.
Published: December 2009

Prosimulium fuscumandP. mixtumlarvae and adults may be readily separated on the basis of unique complements of electromorphs at the 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase locus. The species are closely related and share common electromorphs at 10 other polymorphic and monomorphic loci. Numerical analysis of 24 morphological characters from larvae shows cephalic fan ray number and the length of the postgenal bridge plus hypostomium can be used to identify most individuals to species. A possible environmental component in determination of morphotype may prevent correct identification of all larvae. Lack of utility of other characters currently used in keys to separate the species is discussed.
DAMAGE TO RAPESEED PLANTS BY TWO SPECIES OF BLISTER BEETLES (COLEOPTERA: MELOIDAE)
Authors: Burgess L.
Published: December 2009

Lytta nuttalli Say, a large purple and green blister beetle, readily attacks rapeseed in western Canada (Church 1975; Church and Gerber 1976, 1977). As L. nuttalli commonly feeds on caragana (Caragana arborescens Lam.) on the Canadian prairies, attacks on rapeseed crops often occur near caragana hedges. A typical attack was observed near Vanscoy, Saskatchewan in July 1981. A large number of L. nuttalli, from an adjacent caragana hedge where they were abundant, were feeding on experimental plots of a canola variety of Brassica napus L. rapeseed, and rapidly devouring leaves, stems, and flowering heads. Often they chewed off the stems and fed on the severed plant parts on the ground. There were such large clusters of the beetles on some plants that stems were bent to the ground. The gregarious behaviour of these beetles, and their habit of assembling in clusters on their food plants, are well known (Selander 1960; Church 1975; Church and Gerber 1976, 1977). In the experimental plots at Vanscoy, insecticide application was necessary for survival of the canola plants. Fortunately, attacks by L. nuttalli on commercial canola crops are not frequent enough to constitute a major problem. Increased canola production itself is not likely to cause major increases in L. nuttalli populations, as populations are probably limited by the availability of ground-nesting leafcutter bee cells, which are necessary for larval development (Church 1975; Church and Gerber 1976).
A REVISION OF THE GENUS PROTEAROMYIA MCALPINE (DIPTERA: LONCHAEIDAE)
Authors: McAlpine J. F.
Published: December 2009

The seven known species including two new species of Protearomyia are described and keyed: obscura (Walker) and mallochi n. sp., from southern Chile; cordillerensis McAlpine, martinia McAlpine and tricopleura n. sp., from temperate North America, and nigra (Meigen) and greciana McAlpine from Europe. Lectotypes are designated for cordillerensis and greciana. Male and female terminalia are figured where possible; female of martinia and male of trichopleura are unknown.
SEASONAL BIOLOGY IN QUEBEC AND PREDICTION OF PHENOLOGY OF THE EUROPEAN SKIPPER,THYMELICUS LINEOLA(LEPIDOPTERA: HESPERIIDAE)
Authors: McNeil Jeremy N. , Stinner Ron E.
Published: December 2009

A comparison of the seasonal biology ofThymelicus lineolaat Normandin and Joliette, Quebec from 1974 to 1976 showed marked differences between regions for the same year, and within regions for consecutive years. These data together with constant temperature development information were used to develop a predictive phenological model for this insect, which was then validated using independent data sets collected between 1976 and 1981. Good agreement between observed and predicted values were obtained. The usefulness of the model in predicting optimal spraying dates was tested at Amqui and Normandin, Quebec in 1982. Accurate predictions were obtained at least 2 weeks in advance, sufficient for use in a management programme.
BIOLOGICAL STUDIES OF CEUTORHYNCHUS TRIMACULATUS (COLEOPTERA: CURCULIONIDAE), A THISTLE ROSETTE WEEVIL
Authors: Kok L. T. , McAvoy T. J.
Published: December 2009

Biological studies were conducted on Ceutorhynchus trimaculatus Fabricius, a weevil imported under quarantine from Italy into the U.S.A. for evaluation of host specificity and potential for control of Carduus thistles. Females reared under day–night temperatures of 21°–10 °C and 9 h photophase oviposited an average of 211.7 eggs over 23.6 wk; the preoviposition period was 19.9 wk. Two oviposition peaks were observed each calendar year, the first from February to April and the second in November. Eggs hatched in 12.4 days with mean viability of 64.2%. There were three larval instars; the mean larval developmental period was 42 days, and the pupal stage averaged 15.5 days. Adult longevity for males was 43.9 wk and for females 43.5 wk.
KEY TO ADULT MALES OF CONIFER-FEEDING SPECIES OF CHORISTONEURA LEDERER (LEPIDOPTERA: TORTRICIDAE) IN CANADA AND ALASKA
Authors: Dang P. T.
Published: December 2009

A key, based on morphological characters of adult males, separating six traditionally recognized conifer-feeding Choristoneura species, C. pinus Freeman, C. lambertiana (Busck), C. fumiferana (Clemens), C. occidentalis Freeman, C. biennis Freeman, and C. orae Freeman occurring in Canada and Alaska is provided and illustrated. The newly discovered morphological features, the aedeagus of C. fumiferana and C. pinus with a short apical spine and with many microscopic spicules on the distal half, are used to separate these two species from their western allies C. occidentalis, C. biennis and.C. orae.
ANNOTATED LIST OFUROLEUCON(UROLEUCON,UROMELAN,SATULA) (HOMOPTERA:APHIDIDAE) OF AMERICA NORTH OF MEXICO, WITH KEYS AND DESCRIPTIONS OF NEW SPECIES
Authors: Robinson A.G.
Published: December 2009

A key is given for 4 subgenera in the aphid genusUroleuconMordvilko in America north of Mexico. An annotated list and keys are presented for 44 species of the subgenusUroleucon, 12 species of the subgenusUromelanMordvilko, and 1 species of the subgenusSatulaOlive. Nine new species are described in the subgenusUroleucon:Uroleucon (Uroleucon) alaskensen. sp.,U.(U.) arnesensen. sp.,U.(U.)borealen. sp.,U.(U.)chanin. sp.,U.(U.)deltensen. sp.,U.(U.)elephantopicolan. sp.,U.(U.)ivaen. sp.,U.(U.)maximilianicolan. sp., andU.(U.)vancouverensen. sp. Two subspecies,U. (Uromelan)illinisubspeciescrudaeandsangamonense, are listed here merely as color forms ofillini(Hottes and Frison), not subspecies.Uroleucon(Uroleucon)muralisBuckton,U. (Uromelan)compositae(Theobald), andU.(U.)solidaginis(Fabricius) have been listed as present in North America, but there appear to be no authentic records of their occurrence.Uroleucon(Uroleucon)pseudochrysanthemi(Olive) is declared to be a synonym ofU.(U.)lanceolatumPatch, andU. (Uromelan)squarrosum(Sanborn) as anomen dubium.
FIRST REPORT OF THE DISPERSAL INTO MONTANA OF UROPHORA QUADRIFASCIATA (DIPTERA: TEPHRITIDAE), A FLY RELEASED IN CANADA FOR BIOLOGICAL CONTROL OF SPOTTED AND DIFFUSE KNAPWEED
Authors: Story Jim M.
Published: December 2009

Two tephritid flies of European origin have been introduced into North America for biological control of spotted knapweed, Centaurea maculosa Lam., and diffuse knapweed, C. diffusa Lam. One, Urophora affinis Frauenfeld, was released in British Columbia in 1970 and in 5 states, including Montana, in 1973 (Hanis 1980a; Maddox 1979; Story and Anderson 1978). The other, Urophora quadrifasciata (Meigen), was introduced at Ned's Creek, British Columbia but was not released in the United States. The larvae of both flies induce galls (1 larva/gall) in immature knapweed flower heads and thus reduce seed production. Galls of Urophora affinis occur in the flower-head receptacle whereas galls of U. quadrifasciata are in the ovary wall. In contrast with U. affinis, which has only a partial second generation, U. quadrifasciata normally has 2 complete generations per year, induces thinner galls, and attacks more-mature flower heads than does U. affinis (Harris 1980a).
A COMPARISON OF THREE METHODS OF EXAMINING THE DENSITY OF LARVAE OF THE BERTHA ARMYWORM, MAMESTRA CONFIGURATA, IN FIELDS OF CANOLA (BRASSICA SPP.)
Authors: Turnock W.J. , Bilodeau R.J.
Published: December 2009

The bertha armyworm, Mamestra conjigurata Wlk., is a polyphagous climbing cutworm (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) that attacks canola (Brassica napus L. and B. campestris L.) in the prairie provinces of Canada. Following the outbreaks of 1971–1974 (Turnock and Philip 1977), sampling methods to determine larval density in the field were developed by researchers in Manitoba, Saskatchewan, and Alberta. The methods were basically similar, using a 3-sided metal frame to outline each 0.5-m2 sample unit, with the long side of the frame (1 m) parallel to the rows of the crop. The differences were in the way in which the plants and soil surface were searched for larvae. In Manitoba, the plants within each sampling unit were shaken by hand, then the soil surface was examined for larvae and earthen lumps and plant debris were moved to expose hidden larvae. In Saskatchewan, the plants were shaken, then cut near the base and discarded before the ground surface and debris were searched. In Alberta, the plants were cut near the base, then shaken over a sheet, and the sheet and ground surface were examined for larvae.
NON-RANDOM RESORPTION OF OOCYTES IN GRASSHOPPERS (ORTHOPTERA: ACRIDIDAE)
Authors: Bellinger Robert G. , Pienkowski Robert L.
Published: December 2009

Resorption of terminal oocytes was investigated in 3 species of grasshoppers, Melanoplus femurrubrum femurrubrum (DeGeer), M. scudderi (Uhler), and Hippiscus ocelote (Saussure). Significant differences in percentage resorption were found between species. Anterior ovarioles resorbed terminal oocytes more frequently than ovarioles in the middle and posterior regions of the ovaries. Resorption of terminal oocytes due to differences in relative ovariole age does not appear to be a factor in percentage resorption based on the lengths of developing terminal oocytes. There was no difference in percentage resorption of terminal oocytes between ovaries.
REVISION OF THE NEW WORLD SPECIES OF THE THYANTAE GROUP OF TRISSOLCUS (HYMENOPTERA: SCELIONIDAE)
Authors: Johnson Norman F.
Published: December 2009

The thyantae group of Trissolcus is characterized by the presence of abundant long setae on the metapleuron. All known New World species occur in the Nearctic, viz. T. thyantae Ashmead (eastern USA and Canada), T. occiduus n. sp. (western USA), T. parma n. sp. (widespread), and T. ruidus n. sp. (Arizona, New Mexico). An identification key is provided and all species are described or redescribed. Data on distributions and hosts (Heteroptera: Pentatomidae) are summarized.
PREDISPERSAL SEED PREDATION OF CANADA THISTLE
Authors: Forsyth S.F. , Watson A.K.
Published: December 2009

Predispersal seed predation of Cirsium arvense (L.) Scop. (Asteraceae) by Orellia ruficauda (Fabr.) (Diptera: Tephritidae) occurs in about 20–85% of the seed heads and the proportion of damaged seeds per attacked head averages 20–80% depending on geographical location and sampling date. Microscopic studies of damaged seeds were performed. Although the impact of this seed predator is not severe, it may be an important factor in the population regulation of the weed.
PEST MANAGEMENT OF DOUGLAS-FIR TUSSOCK MOTH: ESTIMATING LARVAL DENSITY BY SEQUENTIAL SAMPLING
Authors: Shepherd R.F.
Published: December 2009

A sequential sampling system for early-instar Douglas-fir tussock moth larvae based on beating 3 lower branches from each of a number of trees is described. The relationship between lower- and mid-crown insect densities is given. The number of samples required to assess moderate insect densities using a fixed level of precision and at low insect densities using a critical density level is presented. The system is designed to be used during the early stages of an outbreak in stands not previously defoliated.
DRAGONFLIES (ODONATA) OF CYPRESS HILLS PROVINCIAL PARK, ALBERTA AND THEIR BIOGEOGRAPHIC SIGNIFICANCE
Authors: Hilton Donald F.J.
Published: December 2009

The Cypress Hills consist of a hilly elongate plateau straddling the Alberta–Saskatchewan border. They are mostly covered in a foothills-type vegetation but are surrounded by short-grass prairie and lie about 250 km east of the Rocky Mountain foothills. The upper 95 m remained unglaciated as a nunatak during the Wisconsinan glaciation. Dragonflies were collected at various times during May–August in 1982–1984 at 24 localities in Cypress Hills Provincial Park, Alberta. Thirty-one species were obtained, 3 of which (Aeshna multicolor,Gomphus graslinellus, andLibellula pulchella) are new records for Alberta. The dragonfly fauna of the Cypress Hills consists of species with the following Canadian distributions: 22 transcontinental (13 boreal, 7 southern, and 2 widespread), 4 southwestern, 2 western boreal–northwestern, 2 cordilleran, and 1 primarily prairie. An analysis of this fauna indicates that, following northward retreat of the glaciers, 22% of the present species came from cordilleran regions and 42% were derived from the boreal fauna. This corroborates the boreo–montane forest connection that is considered to have extended along the retreating ice front before the climate became too warm and resulted in the forest being replaced by grassland.
COMPARISON OF SILHOUETTE, STICKY, AND SUCTION TRAPS WITH AND WITHOUT DRY-ICE BAIT FOR SAMPLING BLACK FLIES (DIPTERA: SIMULIIDAE) IN CENTRAL ALBERTA
Authors: Shipp J. L.
Published: December 2009

In 1982 and 1983, silhouette traps, sticky traps, and suction traps with and without dry-ice bait were evaluated for sampling populations of black flies that are pests of cattle in central Alberta. The dry-ice-baited silhouette trap was the most effective. The black-fly species collected were Simulium arcticum, S. aureum, S. decorum, S. meridionale, S. tuberosum, S. venustum, S. verecundum, S. vernum, and S. vittatum. Approximately 80% of the black flies collected each year were S. arcticum, the primary pest species of cattle in Alberta.
EFFECT OF KHELLIN AND 8-METHOXYPSORALEN ON THE DEVELOPMENT AND SURVIVAL OF AEDES ATROPALPUS
Authors: Philogène B.J.R. , Arnason J.T. , Duval F.
Published: December 2009

Secondary metabolites from plants capable of photosensitizing insects include furanocoumarins, furanoquinone alkaloids, beta-carboline alkaloids, polyacetylenes and their thiophene derivatives, and extended quinones (Arnason et al. 1983; Towers 1984). These compounds may have direct lethal effects, retard larval development, or be ovicidal (Kagan and Chan 1983). A remarkable property of these secondary metabolites is their greatly enhanced activity in the presence of sunlight or artificial sources of radiation.
PRIMARY TYPES OF BRACONIDAE (HYMENOPTERA) IN THE CANADIAN NATIONAL COLLECTION
Authors: Sarazin Michael J.
Published: December 2009

Three hundred and forty-one primary types of Braconidae housed in the Canadian National Collection were examined and listed. These were contributed by the following authors: Fischer (68), Mason (61), Loan (48), van Achterberg (32), Muesebeck (22), Bhat and Gupta (20), McComb (18), Walley (18), Wharton (15), Viereck (7), Martin (6), Saffer (6), Loan and New (5), Provancher (3), Bhat (2), Loan and Wylie (2), Gupta and Bhat (1), Loan, Klein, and Coppel (1), Mackauer (1), Matthews (1), Richardson (1), Sharkey (1), Shenefelt (1), and Walley and MacKay (1).
EFFECT OF POPULATIONS OF THE EUROPEAN RED MITE,PANONYCHUS ULMI, ON THE APPLE VARIETY RED DELICIOUS IN NOVA SCOTIA
Authors: Hardman J.M. , Herbert H.J. , Sanford K.H. , Hamilton D.
Published: December 2009

The effects ofPanonychus ulmi(Koch) density on several yield components of Red Delicious apples in a Nova Scotia orchard were examined from 1967 to 1970. The same 96 trees were sampled in each of the 4 years, and from a peripheral sampling zone within each tree the number of dormant and blossom clusters and the eventual number of apples produced was determined. The other yield components — bloom, set, and crop — were computed from these counts. Applications of ryania, carbaryl, and animert on 6 June 1967 followed by supplementary applications of animert on 7 July (carbaryl plots) and 1 August (ryania plots) were used to induce varying densities ofP. ulmi. Mites were sampled twice weekly from June to August and fortnightly in September. Chemical treatments in 1967 had significant effects on mite-days/leaf in each year from 1967 to 1970. Cumulative mite-days/leaf had a significant negative influence on the number of harvested apples/sampling zone in 1967 and 1969, the years of higher apple production and higher mean bloom, but not in 1968 and 1970. Mites in 1969 also had a significant negative effect on return bloom in 1970. These findings agree with other studies that suggest an interaction between fruit load and yield losses induced by mites.
PREMATING SEARCHING ACTIVITY OF MALE WESTERN SPRUCE BUDWORM MOTHS CHORISTONEURA OCCIDENTALS (LEPIDOPTERA: TORTRICIDAE)
Authors: Sower Lonne L. , Daterman Gary E.
Published: December 2009

Mating behavior among many moth species is mediated by female-released pheromones that attract males over distance. Males of the western spruce budworm, Choristoneura occidentalis Freeman, are attracted by pheromone which has been identified and synthesized (Cory et al. 1982; Silk et al. 1982). In response to pheromone, males will fly upwind and thus approach a bait on a fir limb, then land and persistently search near the bait, often locating it (Sower and Shorb 1985). Male budworm moths moving upwind toward a pheromone source are seen to use a wandering, left-and-right and up-and-down flight pattern. This is the classic anemotactic response of male moths to female-released pheromone as described by Shorey (1976), David et al. (1983), and references therein.
RELATION BETWEEN ATTACK BY XYLOSANDRUS GERMANUS (COLEOPTERA: SCOLYTIDAE) AND DISEASE SYMPTOMS IN BLACK WALNUT
Authors: Weber B.C. , McPherson J.E.
Published: December 2009

Xylosandrus germanus (Blandford) (Coleoptera: Scolytidae) is an ambrosia beetle that occurs in Japan, Korea, the Kuril Islands, Vietnam, Taiwan, China, Central Europe, and the United States (Nobuchi 1981). Unlike most ambrosia beetles, it will attack apparently healthy trees and those that are dying or recently dead (Weber 1982). It has been associated with plants infected with pathogenic fungi, including black walnut (Juglans nigra L.) infected with species of Fusarium (Anderson and Hoffard 1978; Kessler 1974); reported symptoms include cankers, wilting and dieback, and sprouts. We found black walnut with wilting and dieback symptoms in southern Illinois in spring 1978 and central Tennessee in spring 1980. Subsequent examinations showed that X. germanus was present and apparently closely associated with the disease symptoms because of the number of diseased trees that also contained X. germanus pinholes. Therefore, we decided to study the relation between X. germanus attack and disease symptoms in black walnut.
MULTIPLE PARASITISM OF THE PEA APHID: STAGE OF DEVELOPMENT OF PARASITE DETERMINES SURVIVAL OFAPHIDIUS SMITHIANDPRAON PEQUODORUM(HYMENOPTERA: APHIDIIDAE)
Authors: Chow F. J. , Mackauer M.
Published: December 2009

Chow and Mackauer (1984) recently reported on inter- and intraspecific larval competition betweenAphidius smithiSharma & Subba Rao andPraon pequodorumViereck (Hymenoptera: Aphidiidae), when both were parasitizing the pea aphid,Acyrthosiphon pisum(Harris) (Homoptera: Aphididae). In interspecific competition, a 1st-instarPraonlarva usually eliminated, by physical combat, anAphidiuslarva that was up to 48 h older. However, circumstantial evidence suggested that once anAphidiuslarva had reached an advanced stage of the final (4th) instar, it was able to complete development and pupate, even in the presence of a youngerPraoncompetitor.