bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Acute Statin Treatment Improves Antibody Accumulation in EGFR- and PSMA-Expressing Tumors
Authors: Pereira Patrícia M.R. , Mandleywala Komal , Ragupathi Ashwin , Lewis Jason S.
Published: September 2020

Purpose:

Statins are cholesterol-depleting drugs used to treat patients with hypercholesterolemia. Preclinically, statins disrupt trafficking of receptors present at the cell membrane. Membrane receptors, defined as tumor biomarkers and therapeutic targets, are often internalized by an endocytic pathway. Indeed, receptor endocytosis and recycling are dynamic mechanisms that often affect receptor density at the cell surface. In therapies using monoclonal antibodies (mAb), a downregulation in receptor density at the cell surface decreases antibody binding to the extracellular domain of the membrane receptor. Here, we determined the potential of lovastatin, simvastatin, and rosuvastatin in preclinically modulating epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) receptor density at the tumor cell surface.

Experimental Design:

Small-animal PET was used to study the binding of 89Zr-labeled antibodies in ectopic xenografts. Ex vivo analyses were performed to determine changes in endocytic proteins, EGFR, and PSMA surface levels.

Results:

Acute statin treatment using lovastatin, simvastatin, or rosuvastatin enhanced tumors' avidity for the mAbs panitumumab, cetuximab, and huJ591. Statins temporarily modulated caveolin-1, cavin-1, endophilin, clathrin, and dynamin proteins in EGFR- and PSMA-overexpressing xenografts.

Conclusions:

These data show the potential of statins as pharmacologic modulators of endocytic proteins for improved tumors' accumulation of mAbs. The translational significance of these findings lies in the potential of statins to temporarily modulate the heterogeneous presence of receptors at the cell membrane, a characteristic often associated with poor response in tumors to therapeutic antibodies.
Next-generation Sequencing of Cerebrospinal Fluid: How Can a Liquid be Like a Solid?
Authors: Marmarelis Melina E. , Bauml Joshua M.
Published: September 2020

The APOLLO investigators showed that next-generation sequencing of cerebrospinal fluid can reveal molecular alterations—how should this affect our management approach?

See related article by Xing et al., p. 6168
An Antibody Targeting ICOS Increases Intratumoral Cytotoxic to Regulatory T-cell Ratio and Induces Tumor Regression
Authors: Sainson Richard C.A. , Thotakura Anil K. , Kosmac Miha , Borhis Gwenoline , Parveen Nahida , Kimber Rachael , Carvalho Joana , Henderson Simon J. , Pryke Kerstin L. , Okell Tracey , O'Leary Siobhan , Ball Stuart , Van Krinks Cassie , Gamand Lauriane , Taggart Emma , Pring Eleanor J. , Ali Hanif , Craig Hannah , Wong Vivian W.Y. , Liang Qi , Rowlands Robert J. , Lecointre Morgane , Campbell Jamie , Kirby Ian , Melvin David , Germaschewski Volker , Oelmann Elisabeth , Quaratino Sonia , McCourt Matthew
Published: September 2020

The immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment constitutes a significant hurdle to immune checkpoint inhibitor responses. Both soluble factors and specialized immune cells, such as regulatory T cells (Treg), are key components of active intratumoral immunosuppression. Inducible costimulatory receptor (ICOS) can be highly expressed in the tumor microenvironment, especially on immunosuppressive Treg, suggesting that it represents a relevant target for preferential depletion of these cells. Here, we performed immune profiling of samples from tumor-bearing mice and patients with cancer to demonstrate differential expression of ICOS in immune T-cell subsets in different tissues. ICOS expression was higher on intratumoral Treg than on effector CD8 T cells. In addition, by immunizing an Icos knockout transgenic mouse line expressing antibodies with human variable domains, we selected a fully human IgG1 antibody called KY1044 that bound ICOS from different species. We showed that KY1044 induced sustained depletion of ICOShigh T cells but was also associated with increased secretion of proinflammatory cytokines from ICOSlow effector T cells (Teff). In syngeneic mouse tumor models, KY1044 depleted ICOShigh Treg and increased the intratumoral TEff:Treg ratio, resulting in increased secretion of IFNγ and TNFα by TEff cells. KY1044 demonstrated monotherapy antitumor efficacy and improved anti–PD-L1 efficacy. In summary, we demonstrated that using KY1044, one can exploit the differential expression of ICOS on T-cell subtypes to improve the intratumoral immune contexture and restore an antitumor immune response.
Effects of Sodium Trimetaphosphate, Associated or Not with Fluoride, on the Composition and pH of Mixed Biofilms, before and after Exposure to Sucrose
Authors: Cavazana Thamires Priscila , Pessan Juliano Pelim , Hosida Thayse Yumi , Sampaio Caio , Amarante Viviane de Oliveira Zequini , Monteiro Douglas Roberto , Delbem Alberto Carlos Botazzo
Published: September 2020

The aim of the present study was to evaluate the influence of sodium trimetaphosphate (TMP), associated or not with fluoride (F), on the concentrations of F, calcium (Ca), and phosphorus (P) and on the pH of mixed biofilms of Streptococcus mutans and Candida albicans, before and after exposure to sucrose. The biofilms received three treatments (72, 78, and 96 h after the beginning of their formation), at three TMP concentrations (0.25, 0.5, or 1%), with or without F at 500 ppm. Solutions containing 500 and 1,100 ppm F as well as artificial saliva were also tested as controls. Biofilm pH was measured and the concentrations of F, Ca, and P were determined (solid and fluid phases). In a parallel experiment, after the third treatment (96 h), the biofilms were exposed to a 20% sucrose solution to simulate a cariogenic challenge and the pH of the medium, F, Ca, P, and TMP were determined. The data were submitted by two-way ANOVA, followed by Fisher’s least significant difference test (p < 0.05). Treatment with TMP and 500 ppm F led to higher F concentration in the biofilm fluid. Although TMP did not affect Ca concentrations, biofilms treated with TMP alone presented higher P concentrations. Treatment with 1% TMP and F led to the highest pH values of the biofilm, both before and after the cariogenic challenge. It was concluded that TMP increases F and P in the biofilm and that its presence promotes an increase in the pH of the medium, even after the cariogenic challenge.
Investigation of Factors Related to Percutaneous Nephrolithotomy Failure in Horseshoe Kidneys and Comparison of Three Stone Scoring Systems in Prediction of Outcomes
Authors: Avci Sinan , Caglayan Volkan , Kilic Metin , Oner Sedat
Published: September 2020

Introduction: We aimed to identify factors affecting percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PNL) outcomes among patients with horseshoe kidney (HSK) and assess the predictive accuracy of the Clinical Research Office of the Endourological Society (CROES), Guy’s Stone Score (GSS), and S.T.O.N.E. scoring systems. Methods: Data from 98 patients with HSK who underwent PNL between November 2010 and January 2020 were evaluated. Patients were divided into the stone-free (SF) and non-SF groups and compared according to demographic data, stone and surgical characteristics, and stone scoring systems. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed to identify factors associated with SF status. Results: Among the included patients, 87 were male and 11 were female (mean age: 47.37 ± 14.42 years). The SF rate was 84.7% (83 patients). Group analysis identified GSS (p < 0.001), CROES score (p < 0.001), S.T.O.N.E. score (p = 0.014), stone burden (p = 0.045), and multiplicity (p < 0.001) as factors associated with SF status. Among our cohort, 10 patients developed complications. All scoring systems were significantly correlated with SF status (CROES: r = −0.442, p < 0.001; GSS: r = 0.442, p < 0.001; S.T.O.N.E.: r = 0.250, p = 0.013), while CROES score was identified as an independent factor associated with SF status (95% CI: 0.937–0.987; p = 0.003). Conclusions: PNL is an effective method for treating nephrolithiasis among patients with HSK. Moreover, stone-related factors, such as larger size, multiplicity, and complexity, were associated with procedural failure. Finally, the CROES nomogram was a better predictor of SF status compared with other scoring systems.
Sex-Specific Differences in Outcomes Following Thyroidectomy: A Population-Based Cohort Study
Authors: Gut Lara , Bernet Selina , Huembelin Monika , Mueller Magdalena , Baechli Ciril , Koch Daniel , Nebiker Christian , Schuetz Philipp , Mueller Beat , Christ Emanuel , Ebrahimi Fahim , Kutz Alexander
Published: September 2020

Introduction: Numbers of thyroidectomies and awareness of postoperative quality measures have both increased. Potential sex-specific variations in clinical outcomes of patients undergoing thyroidectomy are controversial. Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate sex-specific differences in outcomes following thyroidectomy. Methods: This is a population-based cohort study of all adult patients undergoing either hemi- or total thyroidectomy in Switzerland from 2011 to 2015. The primary outcome was all-cause 30-day readmission rate. The main secondary outcomes were intensive care unit (ICU) admission, surgical re-intervention, in-hospital mortality, length of hospital stay (LOS), postoperative calcium disorder, vocal cord paresis, and hematoma. Results: Of 16,776 patients undergoing thyroidectomy, the majority of patients undergoing thyroidectomy were female (79%), with a median age of 52 (IQR 42–64) years. Within 30 days after the surgery, male patients had significantly higher rates of hospital readmission (adjusted risk ratio [RR] 1.38; 95% confidence interval [95% CI] 1.11–1.72, p = 0.008) and higher risks for postoperative ICU admission (RR 1.25; 95% CI, 1.09–1.44, p = 0.003) than female patients. There were no significant differences among sexes in the LOS, rates of surgical re-interventions, or in-hospital mortality. While postoperative calcium disorders due to hypoparathyroidism were less prevalent among male patients (RR 0.63; 95% CI, 0.54–0.72, p < 0.001), a 2-fold higher incidence rate of postoperative hematoma was observed (RR 1.93, 95% CI, 1.51–2.46, p < 0.001). Conclusions: Male patients undergoing thyroidectomy have higher 30-day hospital readmission and ICU admission rates. Following surgery, male patients revealed higher rates of neck hematoma, while hypocalcemia was more frequent among female patients.
O reconhecimento do guia de turismo e as pesquisas sobre essa atividade profissional nas revistas científicas brasileiras
Authors: Santos Bianca Paes dos , Tomazzoni Edegar Luís
Published: September 2020

O guia de turismo é o profissional que atua para proporcionar, ao turista, experiências de qualidade em suas viagens, além de contribuir para a preservação da identidade e dos valores do destino. O objetivo deste artigo é investigar as publicações sobre guias de turismo nas revistas acadêmicas brasileiras da área. Verificam-se os enfoques dos artigos e a relação entre o reconhecimento da atividade e a presença do tema nas publicações. Por meio da revisão sistemática da literatura, identificaram-se 22 publicações sobre a atividade profissional, em revistas científicas nacionais. As análises mostram uma recente rede dos autores que publicaram sobre a temática. Nota-se que a primeira publicação sobre o assunto é datada de 1999, embora, a regulamentação da profissão tenha sido em 1993. Elaborou-se uma nuvem com as palavras-chave, utilizadas nos artigos, considerando os autores e as referências. Constatou-se a existência de obras fundamentais para as pesquisas sobre a temática e de enfoque das pesquisas. Apesar da relevância da profissão, verificou-se que as publicações sobre a temática são recentes, e o grupo de pesquisadores é restrito, o que representa possibilidades significativas de produção científica na área.
Indenizações pagas pelo seguro DPVAT
Authors: Scaramussa Fernanda Sobral , Sá Eduardo Costa
Published: September 2020

Introdução: Os acidentes de trânsito são cada vez mais frequentes no país e ocupam o segundo lugar em óbitos por causas externas, sendo que os que envolvem motocicletas representam a principal causa de morte. Para o melhor entendimento desse contexto, se torna relevante conhecer o perfil epidemiológico dos acidentes de trânsito a partir de dados objetivos das indenizações pagas pelo seguro DPVAT e o número de internações no SUS, a fim de desenvolver políticas de saúde pública e de educação no trânsito. Objetivos: Descrever o perfil epidemiológico das indenizações pagas pelo DPVAT no Brasil e o perfil das internações no Sistema Único de Saúde por acidentes com motocicletas, de 2015 a 2018. Métodos: Estudo ecológico que utiliza os dados do SIH/SUS, por meio do portal eletrônico do DATASUS, e dados do Boletim Estatístico da Seguradora Líder (DPVAT) entre 2015 e 2018. Resultados e Discussão: Para todos os anos, o gênero mais acometido foi o masculino, com idade entre 18 e 34 anos. Em 2015, 76% das indenizações pagas foram para acidentes com motocicleta, representando um gasto total para o SUS de cerca de R$ 130 milhões. Em 2016, a maioria das indenizações pagas foi por invalidez permanente. Os acidentes automobilísticos corresponderam a 18% das internações por causas externas, com um custo total de cerca de R$ 140 milhões. Em 2017, o pedestre foi o segundo tipo de vítima mais comum (24% das indenizações pagas). Em 2018, quase 148 milhões foram gastos em internações pelo SUS. Conclusão: Acidentes por motocicletas correspondem à maioria das indenizações pagas pelo DPVAT. O gênero masculino, entre 18 e 34 anos, é o mais afetado. No SUS, das internações por acidente de trânsito, mais da metade é causada por motocicletas, com tempo médio de internação de 6 dias, e com grande custo financeiro.
Doença fabricada ou induzida pelos cuidadores
Authors: Miziara Carmen Silvia Molleis Galego , Serrano Virginia Aparecida Gelmeti , Ferro Emílio Zuolo , Miziara Ivan Dieb
Published: September 2020

A doença fabricada ou induzida pelo cuidador, também conhecida como síndrome de Munchausen por procuração, é uma das formas graves de maus-tratos, na qual o cuidador,  geralmente a mãe biológica da criança, exagera ou causa deliberadamente sintomas na criança, assim, o seu diagnóstico torna-se difícil de ser realizado. Diversos métodos podem ser utilizados pelo perpetrador para produzir os sinais e sintomas na criança, os quais, em grande parte, são compatíveis com as enfermidades observadas nessa época da vida, dificultando ainda mais seu reconhecimento. As consequências advindas da falha diagnóstica são inúmeras, incluindo sofrimento físico e emocional decorrentes dos meios diagnósticos aplicados e eventos adversos a medicamentos desnecessários. A utilização de insulina para desencadear crises epilépticas de origem metabólica e de medicamentos antiepilépticos para induzir reações motoras e cognitivas podem ser artifícios frequentes empregados pelo agressor. Este estudo teve como objetivo relatar o caso de um menino diagnosticado com encefalopatia epiléptica, cujos sinais e sintomas, como foi descoberto posteriormente, eram produzidos pela mãe por meio da administração de insulina, de fenobarbital e de carbamazepina. A importância dessa discussão versa sobre a necessidade de os médicos ficarem atentos a esse possível diagnóstico. Alguns critérios podem ser considerados na busca pelo diagnóstico correto.
Estudo da ocorrência de calcificações em tecidos moles em radiografias panorâmicas de pacientes atendidos em uma clínica escola de odontologia
Authors: Coral Bruna Brunelli , Maximiano Gustavo Antonio , Schwalm Magada Tessman , Rodrigues Andrigo Manyurato , Maragno Ângela Catarina
Published: September 2020

A radiografia panorâmica permite avaliar áreas adjacentes à maxila e à mandíbula. As mais frequentes calcificações de tecidos moles do sistema estomatognático descritas na literatura são as ossificações do ligamento estiloide, as calcificações da cartilagem da tireoide, os ateromas de artéria carótida, os tonsilólitos, as calcificações da cartilagem tritícea, os sialolitos e as calcificações de linfonodos. Este trabalho pretende analisar documentalmente radiografias panorâmicas digitais realizadas em uma clínica-escola em uma universidade do Sul de Santa Catarina, para verificar a ocorrência de calcificações de tecidos moles na região bucomaxilofacial. Foram selecionadas, analisadas e avaliadas por um observador 192 radiografias panorâmicas digitais em pacientes com idade superior a 40 anos que procuraram atendimento odontológico entre os anos de 2015 e 2018. Foram coletados dados demográficos de pacientes com calcificações no tecido mole, que foram mais prevalentes no gênero feminino e na faixa etária de 60 a 69 anos. Encontraram-se 206 calcificações, entre as quais 59,90 % eram ossificação do ligamento estiloide, 11,98% calcificação da cartilagem da tireoide, 9,38% suspeita de ateroma, 9,38% tonsilólito, 6,77% calcificação da cartilagem da tritícea, 5,73% sialolito e 4,17% calcificação de linfonodos. Não houve calcificações da cartilagem da epiglote, antrolito e rinolito. O não preenchimento da anamnese dos prontuários eletrônicos impossibilitou a associação com a variável comorbidade.
Altered Enhancer and Promoter Usage Leads to Differential Gene Expression in the Normal and Failed Human Heart
Authors: Gacita Anthony M. , Dellefave-Castillo Lisa , Page Patrick G.T. , Barefield David Y. , Wasserstrom J. Andrew , Puckelwartz Megan J. , Nobrega Marcelo A. , McNally Elizabeth M.
Published: September 2020

Background:

The failing heart is characterized by changes in gene expression. However, the regulatory regions of the genome that drive these gene expression changes have not been well defined in human hearts.

Methods:

To define genome-wide enhancer and promoter use in heart failure, cap analysis of gene expression sequencing was applied to 3 healthy and 4 failed human hearts to identify promoter and enhancer regions used in left ventricles. Healthy hearts were derived from donors unused for transplantation and failed hearts were obtained as discarded tissue after transplantation.

Results:

Cap analysis of gene expression sequencing identified a combined potential for ≈23 000 promoters and ≈5000 enhancers active in human left ventricles. Of these, 17 000 promoters and 1800 enhancers had additional support for their regulatory function. Comparing promoter usage between healthy and failed hearts highlighted promoter shifts which altered aminoterminal protein sequences. Enhancer usage between healthy and failed hearts identified a majority of differentially used heart failure enhancers were intronic and primarily localized within the first intron, revealing this position as a common feature associated with tissue-specific gene expression changes in the heart.

Conclusions:

This data set defines the dynamic genomic regulatory landscape underlying heart failure and serves as an important resource for understanding genetic contributions to cardiac dysfunction. Additionally, regulatory changes contributing to heart failure are attractive therapeutic targets for controlling ventricular remodeling and clinical progression.
Thrombolysis in Cerebral Infarction 2b Reperfusions
Authors: Kaesmacher Johannes , Ospel Johanna M. , Meinel Thomas R. , Boulouis Grégoire , Goyal Mayank , Campbell Bruce C.V. , Fiehler Jens , Gralla Jan , Fischer Urs
Published: September 2020

In patients undergoing mechanical thrombectomy, achieving complete (Thrombolysis in Cerebral Infarction 3) rather than incomplete successful reperfusion (Thrombolysis in Cerebral Infarction 2b) is associated with better functional outcome. Despite technical improvements, incomplete reperfusion remains the final angiographic result in 40% of patients according to recent trials. As most incomplete reperfusions are caused by distal vessel occlusions, they are potentially amenable to rescue strategies. While observational data suggest a net benefit of up to 20% in functional independence of incomplete versus complete reperfusions, the net benefit of secondary improvement from Thrombolysis in Cerebral Infarction 2b to 3 reperfusion might differ due to lengthier procedures and delayed reperfusion. Current strategies to tackle distal vessel occlusions consist of distal (microcatheter) aspiration, small adjustable stent retrievers, and administration of intra-arterial thrombolytics. While there are promising reports evaluating those techniques, all available studies show relevant limitations in terms of selection bias, single-center design, or nonconsecutive patient inclusion. Besides an assessment of risks associated with rescue maneuvers, we advocate that the decision-making process should also include a consideration of potential outcomes if complete reperfusion would successfully be achieved. These include (1) a futile angiographic improvement (hypoperfused territory is already infarcted), (2) an unnecessary angiographic improvement (the patient would not have developed infarction if no rescue maneuver was performed), and (3) a successful rescue maneuver with clinical benefit. Currently there is paucity of data on how these scenarios can be predicted and the decision whether to treat or to stop in a patient with incomplete reperfusion involves many unknowns. To advance the status quo, we outline current knowledge gaps and avenues of potential research regarding this clinically important question.
Recounting the Orbs
Authors: Raposo Pedro M.P.
Published: September 2020

This paper explores how the idea of discovery in astronomy gained a footing in the production and use of planetary models. It focuses on the period 1780–1850, during which the number of known bodies in the solar system increased concomitantly with a growing market for didactic instruments and toys. Specific examples of tridimensional models are discussed, in order to illustrate two main themes: the orrery as a changeable planetary model open to the choices of consumers and users, and the development of the armillary sphere from its original Ptolemaic configuration to a Copernican design suitable to incorporate newly found orbs. It is argued that the idea of discovery as applied to the realm of educational planetary models entailed marketing advantages, but also raised issues of credibility and posed challenges concerning the exactness, functionality, and actuality of models.
Batrachospermum qujingense (Batrachospermales, Rhodophyta), a new freshwater red algal species from Southwest China

Authors: FANG KUN-PENG , NAN FANG-RU , FENG JIA , LV JUN-PING , LIU QI , LIU XU-DONG , XIE SHU-LIAN
Published: September 2020

Batrachospermum is a widely distributed genus in China. Nonetheless, many taxa recorded previously have no molecular data. In this study, a new species of Batrachospermum called Batrachospermum qujingense is described and illustrated from Qujing, Yunnan, Southwest China, based on morphological observations and a phylogenetic analysis. This species is distinguished morphologically from other species by dioecious thalli, straight carpogonial branches with 7–9 cells and stalked angled obovoid or inflated-clavate trichogynes. In addition, a phylogenetic analysis of the molecular data from the rbcL, COI-5P, and psbA genes indicated separation between the new species proposed in this study and other species in the genus Batrachospermum (4.0–5.3% for rbcL, 7.7%–10.6% for COI-5P, and 2.2–3.2% for psbA ). This is the first species of Batrachospermum reported in Yunnan and the third species of Batrachospermum with molecular data in China. The description of the new species and geographical distribution expands the diversity of freshwater red algae in China.
Lectotypification of Cypselea meziana (Aizoaceae, Sesuvioideae)

Authors: JOCOU ADRIEL I. , MINUÉ CARLOS R.
Published: September 2020

The name Cypselea meziana was originally published by Müller (1908: 72) and recently transferred to the genus Sesuvium Linnaeus (1759: 1058) as S. mezianum (Müller 1908: 72) Bohley & G. Kadereit in Bohley et al. (2017: 138). This is an endemic Paraguayan species, represented by creeping perennial herbs, rooted at the nodes, that grows in salty soils (Bohley et al. 2017). Morphologically, S. mezianum displays a unique feature in comparison with the other perennial Sesuvium species, i.e. 3 stamens (vs. 5 or more).
Macrobiotus coronifer Richters, 1903 (type species for Richtersius Pilato & Binda, 1989): designating a new neotype from the original type locality described within the integrative taxonomy framework
Authors: STEC DANIEL , MICHALCZYK ŁUKASZ
Published: September 2020

The designation of a neotype for Macrobiotus coronifer Richters, 1903 (now the type species of the genus Richtersius Pilato & Binda, 1989) by Maucci & Ramazzotti (1981) with type locality Bodø in Norway is shown to be invalid as it does not comply with the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature (Article 75.3.4). Furthermore, the specimen selected by Maucci & Ramazzotti (1981) is not from the original type locality, and the superficial and outdated documentation prevent a reliable identification of the species. A Code-compliant neotype is therefore designated. The new neotype was collected from the original locus typicus in Svalbard and described with standard light microscopy, detailed scanning electron microscopy imaging, DNA barcodes and a transcriptome, which makes it ideally suited for stabilising the taxonomy and nomenclature of Richtersius coronifer (Richters, 1903).
A new species of frog in the Litoria ewingii species group (Anura: Pelodryadidae) from south-eastern Australia
Authors: MAHONY MICHAEL , MOSES BEDE , MAHONY STEPHEN V. , LEMCKERT FRANK L. , DONNELLAN STEPHEN
Published: September 2020

Population declines and range contractions among Australian frogs that commenced in the early 1980s continue in some species that were once widespread. The generality of this pattern has been difficult to discern, especially for those species that are encountered rarely because they have restricted periods of calling activity with poorly defined habitat preferences, and are not common. Several lines of evidence indicate that Litoria littlejohni is such a species. This frog was once known from mid-eastern New South Wales to eastern Victoria, and evidence from wildlife atlas databases and targeted searches indicate that it has declined in large portions of its former range, leaving several populations that are isolated, in some cases restricted in distribution, and of small size. We investigated the relationships among populations using mitochondrial ND4 nucleotide sequences and single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) from the nuclear genome. We found that northern and southern populations form two highly divergent genetic groups whose distributions abut at the southern margin of the Sydney Basin Bioregion and these genetic groups also show divergence in morphology and male advertisement calls. Here we describe the populations to the south of the Sydney Basin Bioregion as a new species and provide information on its distribution and ecology. In light of the apparent isolation and small size of known populations of the new species and the consequent restriction of the range of L. littlejohni, we assessed the conservation status of both species.
Dichotomy in Fasciotomy: Practice Patterns Among Trauma/Acute Care Surgeons With Performing Fasciotomy With Peripheral Arterial Repair
Authors: Romagnoli Anna N. , Morrison Jonathan J. , DuBose Joseph J. , Feliciano David V.
Published: September 2020

Introduction

Failure to perform adequate fasciotomy for a presumed or diagnosed compartment syndrome after revascularization of an acutely ischemic limb is a potential cause of preventable limb loss. When required, outcomes are best when fasciotomy is conducted with the initial vascular repair. Despite over 100 years of experience with fasciotomy, the actual indications for its performance among acute care and trauma surgeons performing vascular repairs are unclear. The hypothesis of this study was that there are many principles of fasciotomy that are uniformly accepted by surgeons and that consensus guidelines could be developed.

Methods

A 20-question survey on fasciotomy practice patterns was distributed to trauma and acute care surgeons of a major surgical society which had approved distribution.

Results

The response to the survey was 160/1066 (15 %). 92.5% of respondents were fellowship trained in trauma and acute care surgery, and 74.9% had been in practice for fewer than 10 years. Most respondents (71.9%) stated that they would be influenced to perform a preliminary fasciotomy (fasciotomy conducted prior to planned exploration and arterial repair) based upon specific signs and symptoms consistent with compartment syndrome—including massive swelling (55.6%), elevated compartment pressures (52.5%), delay in transfer >6 hours (47.5%), or obvious distal ischemia (33.1%). 20.6% responded that they would conduct exploration and repair first, regardless of these considerations. Prophylactic fasciotomies (fasciotomy without overt signs of compartment syndrome) would be performed by respondents in the setting of the tense compartment (87.5%), ischemic time >6 hours (88.1%), measurement of elevated compartment pressures (66.9%), and in the setting of large volume resuscitation requirements (31.3%). 69.4% of respondents selectively measure compartment pressures, with nearly three-fourths utilizing a Stryker needle device (72.5%). The most common sequence of repairs following superficial femoral artery injury with a >6-hour limb ischemia was cited as the initial insertion of a shunt, followed by fasciotomy, then vein harvest, and finally interposition repair.

Conclusions

While there is some general consensus on indications for fasciotomy, there is marked heterogeneity in surgeons’ opinions on the precise indications in selected scenarios. This is particularly surprising in light of the long history with fasciotomy in association with major arterial repairs and strongly suggests the need for a consensus conference and/or meta-analysis to guide further care.
Risk Factors for and Outcomes of Intraoperative Blood Loss in Liver Resection for Hepatocellular Tumors
Authors: Imai Daisuke , Maeda Takashi , Wang Huanlin , Shimagaki Tomonari , Sanefuji Kensaku , Kayashima Hiroto , Tsutsui Shinichi , Matsuda Hiroyuki , Yoshizumi Tomoharu , Mori Masaki
Published: September 2020

Intraoperative blood loss (IBL) during liver resection is a predictor of morbidity, mortality, and tumor recurrence after hepatectomy; however, there have been few reports on patient factors associated with increased IBL. We enrolled consecutive patients who underwent liver resection for primary liver malignancies, and evaluated the predictors of IBL using a data set in which factors that might influence IBL, such as surgical devices, methods and anesthetic technique, were all standardized. We studied 244 patients. A multivariate analysis revealed that higher IBL was an independent risk factor for post-hepatectomy liver failure grade ≥B and overall survival. Multiple linear regression analyses showed serum creatinine, clinically significant portal hypertension (CSPH), tumor size, and major hepatectomy were all significant predictors of IBL. In conclusion, higher IBL was significantly associated with increased morbidity and mortality in patients with primary HCC who underwent liver resection. The risk of IBL was related to several factors including tumor size, serum creatinine, CSPH, and major hepatectomy.
Quality Improvement for Surgical Resection of Pancreatic Head Adenocarcinoma
Authors: Nuckles Brandon W. , Lam Kenneth , Young Katelyn A. , Dove James T. , Shabahang Mohsen M. , Blansfield Joseph A.
Published: September 2020

Background

The mainstay of treatment for pancreatic cancer is surgical resection; however, positive surgical margins remain commonplace. We identified hospitals with higher than predicted rates of positive margins and isolated factors that caused this discordance.

Methods

This is a retrospective review of patients with head of the pancreas adenocarcinoma in the National Cancer Database between 2004 and 2015. A nomogram was used to calculate the observed to expected positive margin rates (O/E) for facilities. If the O/E differed significantly ( P < .05), it was considered an outlier.

Results

Among a total of 19 968 patients, 24.3% had positive margins. Among hospitals with lower than expected positive margin rates, 73.6% were academic or research programs, 17% were comprehensive community cancer programs, and none were community cancer programs ( P = .0002). Within the group with higher than expected positive margin rates, 47% were comprehensive community cancer programs and 38.6% were academic or research programs ( P = .0002). The mean hospital volume was higher in the low positive margin group (110.4 vs 48.8, P < .0001).

Conclusions

Facility type and hospital volume can predict improvement in the O/E ratio for margin positivity in pancreatic adenocarcinoma resection. Surgeons should consider referral to academic or research facilities with higher case volumes for improved surgical resection.
Blunt Cerebrovascular Injury Screening Criteria Should Include Motor Vehicle Crash Characteristics
Authors: Farhat-Sabet Ashley , Lauerman Margaret , Chavez Alicia , Lloyd Joe , Scalea Thomas , Stein Deborah
Published: September 2020

Background

Current screening criteria miss 30% of blunt cerebrovascular injuries (BCVIs). Motor vehicle collisions (MVCs) are the leading BCVI mechanism, and delineating MVC characteristics associated with BCVI formation may augment current screening criteria.

Methods

We retrospectively identified BCVI Denver injury screening criteria as able from the Crash Injury Research and Engineering Network (CIREN) database. Severe MVC markers were considered: mean change in velocity (delta-v) greater than 40 km/hour, steering wheel airbag deployment, ejection, or rollover.

Results

93 BCVIs were included. Injury screening criteria were not present in 37/93 (39.8%) BCVIs. Vertebral BCVI more often had injury screening criteria than internal carotid BCVIs (73.2% vs 26.8%, P = .001). There was a significant difference in delta-v (30.78 km/hour vs 51.00 km/hour, P < .001) between BCVI with and without injury screening criteria. BCVI without injury screening criteria more often had safety device use through seatbelt position snug across the hips (94.6% vs 74.5%, P = .01) and pretensioner deployment (92.6% vs 70.2%, P = .04). Examining only drivers, BCVI without injury screening criteria more often had steering wheel airbag deployment (89.7% vs 68.9%, P = .05). Markers of severe MVC were seen in 36/37 (97.3%) BCVIs without injury screening criteria.

Discussion

BCVI without injury screening criteria occurred during higher deceleration MVCs with more frequent/appropriate safety device use, suggesting crash deceleration as a mechanism of BCVI formation. Expanding BCVI screening criteria to encompass severe MVCs may lessen the number of BCVI missed.
How leader and follower prototypical and antitypical attributes influence ratings of transformational leadership in an extreme context
Authors: Avolio Bruce J , Keng-Highberger Fong T , Lord Robert G , Hannah Sean T , Schaubroeck John M , Kozlowski Steve WJ
Published: September 2020

Leadership is a process where leaders enact certain behaviors to influence followers. Yet, each follower may view the leader’s enactment differently, owing to differences in disposition and context. Here we examine leadership as a property attributed by followers to their leader, influenced by both the leader and followers’ personal attributes and the situation in which leaders and followers interact. Guiding this study, we asked: how do followers’ affect (negative and positive traits), motivation (regulatory focus), and cognitions (identity) and their congruence with their leader’s corresponding attributes influence their ratings of transformational leadership? Participants operated in extreme situations where their lives were often at risk because of exposure to combat. Results based on a sample of 1587 US Army soldiers operating in 262 units show that when there is a higher congruence between leaders’ and followers’ positive affect, promotion focus, relational identity, and collective identity, follower ratings of transformational leadership are higher, whereas a higher level of incongruence between followers’ and leaders’ positive and negative affect predicted lower ratings of transformational leadership. These findings differed based on the soldiers’ time spent in deployment and the level of combat exposure they experienced.
Whose feminism(s)? Overseas partner organizations’ perceptions of Canada’s Feminist International Assistance Policy
Authors: Rao Sheila , Tiessen Rebecca
Published: September 2020

Canada’s Feminist International Assistance Policy, introduced in 2017, is an ambitious and forward-thinking policy focussed on gender equality and women’s empowerment. The emphasis on a feminist vision, however, raises questions about how feminism is defined and interpreted by Canada’s partners in the Global South. In this article, we examine the interpretations of feminism(s) and a feminist foreign policy from the perspective of NGO staff members in East and Southern Africa. The research involved interviews with 45 Global South partner country NGO staff members in three countries (Kenya, Uganda, and Malawi). We consider the partner organization reflections on Canada’s Feminist International Assistance Policy using a transnational feminist lens. Our findings provide insights into future considerations for Canada’s feminist foreign policy priorities, consultations, and programme design.
Celebrating the Career of W. Warner Burke: The Very Model of an OD Scientist-Practitioner
Authors: Church Allan H. , Pasmore William
Published: September 2020

The purpose of this special issue is to recognize and reflect on the contributions and legacy of scientist-practitioner W. Warner Burke. Burke’s many contributions to the theory and practice of organization development over the past six decades have had both a foundational and evolutionary impact on the field. This special issue presents seven articles that reflect various facets of his contribution as a colleague, scholar, practitioner, and mentor.
COVID-19 Pandemic and Informal Urban Governance in Africa: A Political Economy Perspective
Authors: Onyishi Chinedu Josephine , Ejike-Alieji Adaeze UP , Ajaero Chukwuedozie Kelechukwu , Mbaegbu Casmir Chukwuka , Ezeibe Christian Chukwuebuka , Onyebueke Victor Udemezue , Mbah Peter Oluchukwu , Nzeadibe Thaddeus Chidi
Published: September 2020

The outbreak and spread of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is probably the most serious global challenge since World War II. While research has paid considerable attention to the technical, epidemiological and public health aspects of the pandemic in Africa, it neglects the social, economic and political dimensions. Relying on analysis of data on trends of COVID-19 infections from the World Health Organization and Africa Centres for Disease Control and Prevention, and a rapid review of available international and national policy/programme documents on COVID-19 control responses in Africa, this study assessed the extant protocols and responses to COVID-19 in relation to urban governance principles. Utilizing the political economy framework, the social conditions of informal labour and business activities during the COVID-19 pandemic are explored with accession to social habitus of informality. The paper argues that in as much as the COVID-19 pandemic is a pervasive health problem it should be treated more as a social and political economy challenge given the large informal nature of urbanism in Africa. The study concludes that urban governance that incorporates collective organization, community groups, non-state and informal actors offers scope in the battle against COVID-19 in Africa. Rethinking African urbanism in line with the principles of the Global Campaign on Urban Governance is also canvassed.
Electromagnetic-mechanical repair patch of radar-absorbing structure with electroless nickel–plated glass fabric damaged by lightning strike
Authors: Jeong Gi-Won , Noh Yeong-Hoon , Choi Won-Ho , Shin Joon-Hyung , Kweon Jin-Hwe , Yook Jong-Gwan , Nam Young-Woo
Published: September 2020

This paper presents an electromagnetic-mechanical repair patch (EMRP) to restore the mechanical and electromagnetic (EM) wave absorption performance of a radar-absorbing structure (RAS) damaged by lightning strike. Several researchers have primarily focused on ensuring high repair efficiency, particularly in terms of the primary load-bearing properties of repaired fiber-reinforced plastics. However, no study has proposed a practical repair approach that considers the multi-functionality of the radar-absorbing structure. The EMRP method can be used to repair lightning strike damage in a radar-absorbing structure with electroless nickel-plated glass fabric, considering the need to maintain structural integrity and electrical continuity to achieve a high repair efficiency. Damage due to an artificial lightning strike was assessed in terms of area and depth of the damage using image processing, ultrasonic C-scan, and micro X-ray inspection. The EM characteristics of one-dimensional return loss scanning and the echo radar-cross-section level were measured to verify the stealth performance of the repaired radar absorber in the X-band. In addition, the tensile test results demonstrated that the repaired radar absorber had a high recovery rate of 93% compared to the pristine radar absorber. The experimental results obtained in this study validate the use of the proposed EMRP method in repairing radar-absorbing structures.
Policy at the Intersection of Curriculum and Music Teacher Agency
Authors: Barrett Janet Revell
Published: September 2020

Music teachers seek imaginative openings to expand the reach and scope of the music curriculum, particularly by engaging more students in creative production and culturally relevant offerings. This article describes the work of a high school choral music educator who implemented new courses in Hip Hop Production by strategically navigating the policy process for course approval in his school district, informing the proposal with readily available data, consulting with colleagues, and aligning the purposes of the courses with district initiatives. As a case of music teachers’ curricular agency, this story illustrates valuable orientations and principles of change that open up avenues for the expansion of music programs in the context of district-level policy environments.
Making Practice into Policy: Bridging, Buffering, and Building in Our Schools
Authors: Shieh Eric
Published: September 2020

This article describes concrete ways music teachers might engage in policy at the school level and how such engagements strengthen our work and our schools. By making decisions about where to build bridges to policies that further our work and where to buffer from those that impede our vision, we as teachers assert greater control in policy making as it impacts our classrooms. Such policy strategy can be enacted individually and also in collaboration with colleagues in our schools to build a more robust space for policy making on the ground. Whenever teachers create new materials or practices or share ways of thinking explicitly connected to certain policies, we shift the nature of these policies locally and also enlarge our roles in policy.
Nurses’ Communication With the Families of Patients at the End-of-Life
Authors: Norouzadeh Reza , Anoosheh Monireh , Ahmadi Fazlollah
Published: September 2020

Background

Effective communication is important in providing quality care to families at the end-of-life. In the end-of-life situations, the nurses’ views on how to communicate with the family are not well understood.

Aim

This study was conducted to explore the nurses' experiences of their communication with families of patients at the end-of-life situations.

Methods

The authors used standards for reporting qualitative research. The data were analyzed by conventional content analysis. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 24 Iranian nurses who had the experiences of dealing with patients’ families at the end-of-life.

Results

Nurses’ perceptions of communication with families emerged base on the main theme: “Disrupted communication” consisting of two categories: “restricted communication” and “abortive communication.”

Conclusion

The results of this study highlight the need to increase the professional and ethical sensitivity of nurses in dealing with patients' families at the end-of-life.
Representations of the English as a Lingua Franca Framework: Identifying ELF-aware Activities in Portuguese and Turkish Coursebooks
Authors: Guerra Luis , Cavalheiro Lili , Pereira Ricardo , Kurt Yavuz , Oztekin Elifcan , Candan Ecehan , Bayyurt Yasemin
Published: September 2020

The international role of English has made it the most taught foreign language in the world. As a result, standard native varieties have thrived as models within the field of English language teaching, particularly Standard British English and Standard American English, and alongside, the cultures associated with them. Although the majority of English language learners are part of Kachru’s Expanding Circle, teaching materials have continued to focus on native speaker models, neglecting many of the times other examples of successful communication among non-native speakers. Bearing this in mind, it is critical that teaching materials take on a more ELF-aware perspective, where intercultural communicative competence and intercultural awareness are fomented. In view of this, a comparative analysis was conducted between coursebooks in Portugal and Turkey. A locally published (LP) and an internationally published (IP) coursebook of the first year of secondary education from each country was analyzed. The aim of this analysis was twofold: to identify the similarities and differences between (1) Portuguese and Turkish EFL coursebooks and (2) LP and IP coursebooks in Portugal and Turkey, as far as an ELF-aware approach is concerned. After comparing the coursebooks and verifying that much can still be done for a more ELF-aware pedagogy, various implications are put forth for the sake of a more critical approach towards materials development.
Technical Support or Symbolic Threat? French Military Technicians Versus Private Providers
Authors: Clouet Hadrien
Published: September 2020

Since the mid-2000s, French military telecommunications have been partially outsourced to private companies. This was justified by an intent for budgetary savings and efficiency. However, an interview survey conducted among military technicians shows that this transfer weighs upon their work and expectations. Outsourcing damages the profession’s appeal, deprives staff of strategic resources, and places their time under the control of private providers. This represents a symbolic cost for the personnel committed to the institution but also grants symbolic benefits to officers who are hostile to the process. Although they were not designed for this purpose, market procedures closely regulate the activity of frontline military technicians.