bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Advanced Practice Registered Nurses on Therapeutic Hypothermia Response Teams
Authors: Wannemacher Jason , Tschannen Dana , Biery Kim , Arslanian-Engoren Cynthia
Published: December 2017

Background:

Therapeutic hypothermia can improve neurological recovery after cardiac arrest when implemented quickly.

Objective:

To determine whether outcomes are improved among patients undergoing therapeutic hypothermia by adding advanced practice registered nurses to a therapeutic hypothermia response team.

Methods:

A pilot quality improvement project was conducted in a Midwest community teaching hospital using a retrospective chart review of all adult patients undergoing therapeutic hypothermia before and after the addition of advanced practice registered nurses to the therapeutic hypothermia response team. Outcomes evaluated included time to target core body temperature, therapeutic hypothermia protocol initiation, discharge status, and hospital length of stay.

Results:

A total of 14 adult patients (preintervention n = 8, postintervention n = 6) comprised the sample. Length of stay decreased in the postintervention group (median 2.5 vs 6 days for the preintervention group; P = .05), but other outcomes did not differ.

Conclusions:

This quality improvement project provides foundational data to evaluate advanced practice registered nurses specific metrics and to compare with future data using a larger longitudinal sample.
Naive CD4+ T Cells Carrying a TLR2 Agonist Overcome TGF-β–Mediated Tumor Immune Evasion
Authors: Ibrahim Mohsen , Scozzi Davide , Toth Kelsey A. , Ponti Donatella , Kreisel Daniel , Menna Cecilia , De Falco Elena , D’Andrilli Antonio , Rendina Erino A. , Calogero Antonella , Krupnick Alexander S. , Gelman Andrew E.
Published: December 2017

TLR agonists are effective at treating superficial cancerous lesions, but their use internally for other types of tumors remains challenging because of toxicity. In this article, we report that murine and human naive CD4+ T cells that sequester Pam3Cys4 (CD4+ TPam3) become primed for Th1 differentiation. CD4+ TPam3 cells encoding the OVA-specific TCR OT2, when transferred into mice bearing established TGF-β–OVA–expressing thymomas, produce high amounts of IFN-γ and sensitize tumors to PD-1/programmed cell death ligand 1 blockade–induced rejection. In contrast, naive OT2 cells without Pam3Cys4 cargo are prone to TGF-β–dependent inducible regulatory Foxp3+ CD4+ T cell conversion and accelerate tumor growth that is largely unaffected by PD-1/programmed cell death ligand 1 blockade. Ex vivo analysis reveals that CD4+ TPam3 cells are resistant to TGF-β–mediated gene expression through Akt activation controlled by inputs from the TCR and a TLR2-MyD88–dependent PI3K signaling pathway. These data show that CD4+ TPam3 cells are capable of Th1 differentiation in the presence of TGF-β, suggesting a novel approach to adoptive cell therapy.
Cyclic GMP–AMP Synthase Is the Cytosolic Sensor of Plasmodium falciparum Genomic DNA and Activates Type I IFN in Malaria
Authors: Gallego-Marin Carolina , Schrum Jacob E. , Andrade Warrison A. , Shaffer Scott A. , Giraldo Lina F. , Lasso Alvaro M. , Kurt-Jones Evelyn A. , Fitzgerald Katherine A. , Golenbock Douglas T.
Published: December 2017

Innate immune receptors have a key role in the sensing of malaria and initiating immune responses. As a consequence of infection, systemic inflammation emerges and is directly related to signs and symptoms during acute disease. We have previously reported that plasmodial DNA is the primary driver of systemic inflammation in malaria, both within the phagolysosome and in the cytosol of effector cells. In this article, we demonstrate that Plasmodium falciparum genomic DNA delivered to the cytosol of human monocytes binds and activates cyclic GMP–AMP synthase (cGAS). Activated cGAS synthesizes 2′3′-cGAMP, which we subsequently can detect using liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry. 2′3′-cGAMP acts as a second messenger for STING activation and triggers TBK1/IRF3 activation, resulting in type I IFN production in human cells. This induction of type I IFN was independent of IFI16. Access of DNA to the cytosolic compartment is mediated by hemozoin, because incubation of purified malaria pigment with DNase abrogated IFN-β induction. Collectively, these observations implicate cGAS as an important cytosolic sensor of P. falciparum genomic DNA and reveal the role of the cGAS/STING pathway in the induction of type I IFN in response to malaria parasites.
A Forcing Axiom Deciding the Generalized Souslin Hypothesis
Authors: Lambie-Hanson Chris , Rinot Assaf
Published: December 2017

We derive a forcing axiom from the conjunction of square and diamond, and present a few applications, primary among them being the existence of super-Souslin trees. It follows that for every uncountable cardinal$\unicode[STIX]{x1D706}$, if$\unicode[STIX]{x1D706}^{++}$is not a Mahlo cardinal in Gödel’s constructible universe, then$2^{\unicode[STIX]{x1D706}}=\unicode[STIX]{x1D706}^{+}$entails the existence of a$\unicode[STIX]{x1D706}^{+}$-complete$\unicode[STIX]{x1D706}^{++}$-Souslin tree.
On the Weak Order of Coxeter Groups
Authors: Dyer Matthew
Published: December 2017

This paper provides some evidence for conjectural relations between extensions of (right) weak order on Coxeter groups, closure operators on root systems, and Bruhat order. The conjecture focused upon here refines an earlier question as to whether the set of initial sections of reflection orders, ordered by inclusion, forms a complete lattice. Meet and join in weak order are described in terms of a suitable closure operator. Galois connections are defined from the power set of $W$ to itself, under which maximal subgroups of certain groupoids correspond to certain complete meet subsemilattices of weak order. An analogue of weak order for standard parabolic subsets of any rank of the root system is defined, reducing to the usual weak order in rank zero, and having some analogous properties in rank one (and conjecturally in general).
De co-evolutie van vriendschapsrelaties en delinquent gedrag onder Nederlandse jongeren
Authors: de Cuyper Ruben , Weerman Frank , Ruiter Stijn
Published: December 2017

The co-evolution of friendship relations and delinquent behaviour among Dutch adolescents .This article focuses on two research questions. To what degree is similarity in delinquent behaviour among Dutch secondary school students explained by selection and influence processes? And
to what extent is the effect of friends’ delinquency on adolescents’ delinquency level moderated by characteristics of the friendship relation? Hypotheses were drawn from Sutherland’s Differential Association Theory, its extension by Burgess and Akers, and Hirschi’s
Social Control Theory. The hypotheses were tested with longitudinal social network data, using the recently developed software program ‘Simulation Investigation for Empirical Network Analysis’ (SIENA). The network data were gathered among lower educated students of twelve secondary
schools in the Dutch province of South Holland during a three-year period. The analyses suggest that adolescents tend to adjust their behaviour to the delinquency level of their peers (influence process), and tend to be friends with others who have a similar level of delinquency (selection
process). Further, the results indicate that attachment to friends, time spent with friends and social pressure of friends do not affect the influence of peers on adolescents’ delinquency level.
Terug of niet? - Determinanten van terugkeerintenties en –attitudes onder (bijna) uitgeprocedeerde asielmigranten
Authors: Leerkes Arjen , Galloway Moira , Kromhout Mariska
Published: December 2017

Going back, or not? Determinants of return intentions and return attitudes among asylum migrants who have exhausted all legal remedies .Asylum migrants who have exhausted all legal remedies are expected to return to their country of origin. This study, in which 108 respondents participated,
attempts to explain why some migrants intend to return, while others opt for illegal residence or onward migration. The relatively low degree of voluntary return among asylum migrants is primarily attributable to concerns about their safety in the country of origin, and to health problems.
These findings confirm qualitative studies, and suggest furthermore that insights about return among labour migrants are of limited use to understand return among asylum migrants.
Field characterization of the PM2.5 Aerosol Chemical Speciation Monitor: insights into the composition, sources, and processes of fine particles in eastern China
Authors: Zhang Yunjiang , Tang Lili , Croteau Philip L. , Favez Olivier , Sun Yele , Canagaratna Manjula R. , Wang Zhuang , Couvidat Florian , Albinet Alexandre , Zhang Hongliang , Sciare Jean , Prévôt André S. H. , Jayne John T. , Worsnop Douglas R.
Published: December 2017

Abstract. A PM2.5-capable aerosol chemical speciation monitor (Q-ACSM) was deployed in urban Nanjing, China, for the first time to measure in situ non-refractory fine particle (NR-PM2.5) composition from 20 October to 19 November 2015, along with parallel measurements of submicron aerosol (PM1) species by a standard Q-ACSM. Our results show that the NR-PM2.5 species (organics, sulfate, nitrate, and ammonium) measured by the PM2.5-Q-ACSM are highly correlated (r2 > 0.9) with those measured by a Sunset Lab OC  /  EC analyzer and a Monitor for AeRosols and GAses (MARGA). The comparisons between the two Q-ACSMs illustrated similar temporal variations in all NR species between PM1 and PM2.5, yet substantial mass fractions of aerosol species were observed in the size range of 1–2.5 µm. On average, NR-PM1−2.5 contributed 53 % of the total NR-PM2.5, with sulfate and secondary organic aerosols (SOAs) being the two largest contributors (26 and 27 %, respectively). Positive matrix factorization of organic aerosol showed similar temporal variations in both primary and secondary OAs between PM1 and PM2.5, although the mass spectra were slightly different due to more thermal decomposition on the capture vaporizer of the PM2.5-Q-ACSM. We observed an enhancement of SOA under high relative humidity conditions, which is associated with simultaneous increases in aerosol pH, gas-phase species (NO2, SO2, and NH3) concentrations and aerosol water content driven by secondary inorganic aerosols. These results likely indicate an enhanced reactive uptake of SOA precursors upon aqueous particles. Therefore, reducing anthropogenic NOx, SO2, and NH3 emissions might not only reduce secondary inorganic aerosols but also the SOA burden during haze episodes in China.
Cloud characteristics, thermodynamic controls and radiative impacts during the Observations and Modeling of the Green Ocean Amazon (GoAmazon2014/5) experiment
Authors: Giangrande Scott E. , Feng Zhe , Jensen Michael P. , Comstock Jennifer M. , Johnson Karen L. , Toto Tami , Wang Meng , Burleyson Casey , Bharadwaj Nitin , Mei Fan , Machado Luiz A. T. , Manzi Antonio O. , Xie Shaocheng , Tang Shuaiqi , Silva Dias Maria Assuncao F. , de Souza Rodrigo A. F , Schumacher Courtney , Martin Scot T.
Published: December 2017

Abstract. Routine cloud, precipitation and thermodynamic observations collected by the Atmospheric Radiation Measurement (ARM) Mobile Facility (AMF) and Aerial Facility (AAF) during the 2-year US Department of Energy (DOE) ARM Observations and Modeling of the Green Ocean Amazon (GoAmazon2014/5) campaign are summarized. These observations quantify the diurnal to large-scale thermodynamic regime controls on the clouds and precipitation over the undersampled, climatically important Amazon basin region. The extended ground deployment of cloud-profiling instrumentation enabled a unique look at multiple cloud regimes at high temporal and vertical resolution. This longer-term ground deployment, coupled with two short-term aircraft intensive observing periods, allowed new opportunities to better characterize cloud and thermodynamic observational constraints as well as cloud radiative impacts for modeling efforts within typical Amazon wet and dry seasons.
A data-driven approach to identify controls on global fire activity from satellite and climate observations (SOFIA V1)
Authors: Forkel Matthias , Dorigo Wouter , Lasslop Gitta , Teubner Irene , Chuvieco Emilio , Thonicke Kirsten
Published: December 2017

Abstract. Vegetation fires affect human infrastructures, ecosystems, global vegetation distribution, and atmospheric composition. However, the climatic, environmental, and socioeconomic factors that control global fire activity in vegetation are only poorly understood, and in various complexities and formulations are represented in global process-oriented vegetation-fire models. Data-driven model approaches such as machine learning algorithms have successfully been used to identify and better understand controlling factors for fire activity. However, such machine learning models cannot be easily adapted or even implemented within process-oriented global vegetation-fire models. To overcome this gap between machine learning-based approaches and process-oriented global fire models, we introduce a new flexible data-driven fire modelling approach here (Satellite Observations to predict FIre Activity, SOFIA approach version 1). SOFIA models can use several predictor variables and functional relationships to estimate burned area that can be easily adapted with more complex process-oriented vegetation-fire models. We created an ensemble of SOFIA models to test the importance of several predictor variables. SOFIA models result in the highest performance in predicting burned area if they account for a direct restriction of fire activity under wet conditions and if they include a land cover-dependent restriction or allowance of fire activity by vegetation density and biomass. The use of vegetation optical depth data from microwave satellite observations, a proxy for vegetation biomass and water content, reaches higher model performance than commonly used vegetation variables from optical sensors. We further analyse spatial patterns of the sensitivity between anthropogenic, climate, and vegetation predictor variables and burned area. We finally discuss how multiple observational datasets on climate, hydrological, vegetation, and socioeconomic variables together with data-driven modelling and model–data integration approaches can guide the future development of global process-oriented vegetation-fire models.
Pensamentos sobre a vivência da privacidade no Facebook
Authors: Rocha Eliane Cristina de Freitas , Pereira Camila De Fátima
Published: December 2017

Este artigo aborda a privacidade no Facebook por meio de discussões teóricas e filosóficas (com destaque para Arendt, Huizinga e Bauman), e por análise de dados empíricos coletados entre usuários da ferramenta por questionários e entrevistas. A empresa Facebook tem amplo acesso aos dados publicados pelos usuários, mas não os compartilha de maneira individualizada. Usuários adotam medidas contraditórias para protegerem sua privacidade: embora eles queiram preservar a intimidade por meio de autocensura, eles não são conscientes do uso que o Facebook faz de seus dados e não têm absoluto controle da visibilidade de seus perfis e postagens.
A presença do invisível na constituinte: com a palavra os povos indígenas (1986-1988)
Authors: Lopes Danielle Bastos
Published: December 2017

Este artigo analisa as relações do sagrado e do invisível das cosmovisões ameríndias diante da participação dos seus líderes na Assembleia Nacional Constituinte (1987-1988). O período marcou a primeira participação de caravanas indígenas indo em direção ao Congresso Nacional, inscrição da demarcação de territórios e revogação do caráter de tutela. Estivemos, para tanto, nos arquivos do Congresso Nacional e outros foros. As fontes encontradas dentro do Congresso muitas vezes estiveram misturadas a outros segmentos; foi preciso selecionar partes destinadas aos povos indígenas dentro das atas, relatórios, e buscar, nos relatos de um dos participantes, Álvaro Tukano, liderança do movimento indígena, e do jornalista José Ribamar Bessa Freire, as memórias do período. Os ritos e encantamentos produzidos durante a participação dos líderes tanto quanto os seus confrontos, efeitos, portanto, constituem nosso objeto de estudo.
Market Fragmentation, Market Quality and Clientele Effects
Authors: Turnbull D. Alasdair S.
Published: December 2017

This paper analyzes the relative trading activity of securities cross-listed on two highly integrated international stock exchanges. We find that traders choose an exchange on the basis of superior market quality, as measured by better quoted prices, greater depth at the market in its limit order book and better price continuity. As well, clientele effects influence trade location. From the perspective of a US investor, the price impacts of the total sample of trades for these securities, are statistically significantly lower on the New York Stock Exchange than on the Toronto Stock Exchange; but are not economically different. The results are consistent with the order splitting hypothesis and the co-existence of multiple markets.
Microteaching: An Introspective Case Study with Middle School Teachers in New York City Public Schools
Authors: Birney Lauren B. , Kong Joyce , Evans Brian R. , Danker Macey , Grieser Kathleen
Published: December 2017

The purpose of this study was to investigate the potential impacts of microteaching on experienced teachersparticipating in the Community Enterprise for Restoration Science (CCERS) Teaching Fellowship at Pace Universityas part of a National Science Foundation-funded research project on the education model known as the Curriculum andCommunity Enterprise for Restoration Science (CCERS). The program builds a learning community of teachers in thefellowship program as they participated in monthly workshops in cohorts and continuously interact with each otherduring the two years of the program. Each teacher in Cohort 1 of the CCERS Fellowship was required to provide a brieflesson that they have used in the classrooms from the CCERS curriculum. Generally, the Teaching Fellows’micro-lessons contained appropriate objectives presented to the class aligned well to the objectives of the CCERSinitiative, which focused on harbor restoration learning within a STEM context. By conducting field studies atrestoration stations that students set up near their schools, students across all schools learned about the biology,chemistry, ecology and history of the Hudson River. In addition to teaching science content, all teachers incorporatedlessons on helping students to develop literacy strategies to build vocabulary. The microteaching modules allowed forteachers to gain insight as to how the curriculum was being implemented into other teachers’ classrooms. It permittedfor teachers’ exposure to the various teaching methods and resources being used to assist underrepresented studentsand students where English is a second language.
The Educational Use of Film and Television Documentary: Sugihara, Conspiracy of Kindness
Authors: Bostock William Walter
Published: December 2017

Film or television documentary can serve a unique role in the curriculum and teaching of courses in political scienceand history where the complexity of the human element such as interaction, motive, identity and ethical positionrequire analysis. The documentary Sugihara, Conspiracy of Kindness, a film by Kirk and Vicari, first screened on May5, 2005 on PBS, can in a qualitative sense positively demonstrate this role. The negative side to the use of film andtelevision documentary is also noted.
The Teaching Habits of Mind, Their Relationship To Positive Behavior of Social Studies Teachers in Lower Basic Stage In University District - The Capital (Amman)
Authors: Al-Assaf Jamal Abd Al-Fattah
Published: December 2017

The study aimed at finding out the relationship between teaching habits of mind and positive behavior among theteachers of social studies in the lower basic stage in the university district in the capital governorate (Amman). Thesample of this study was composed of (60) teachers, both males and females, who were chosen by the StratifiedRandom Sample method. Descriptive correlation approach was conducted by the researcher in this study to answerthe study questions. The researcher used the following statistical methods: Pearson correlation coefficient, arithmeticmeans, and three-way Anova and Manova (Analysis of variance & multivariate analysis of variance).The study found the following results: The social studies teachers of the lower basic stage have a mean for theteaching habits of mind and positive behavior aspects. And there is an existence of statistically significant positivecorrelation coefficients between the areas of the teaching habits of mind scale and the scale as a whole and the areasof positive behavior scale (positive personal behavior, positive academic behavior) and the scale as a whole. Thestudy also pointed out that there are statistically significant differences attributed to the variable of experience, andfor the benefit of experts who have more than 10 years of experience, and there were statistically significantdifferences in the areas of the teaching habits of mind scale attributed to the gender variable, and for the benefit ofmales in the impulsivity control level, thinking flexibly, creativity, perception, and innovation. As well as there werestatistically significant differences in the teaching habits of mind and the positive behavior scale according to thevariable of experience, and for the benefit of those with more than 10 years of experience. Moreover, there werestatistically significant differences in the areas of positive behavior scale attributed to the gender variable and for thebenefit of males from the study sample.
Combined Application of Study Design and Case-based Learning Comprehensive Model in Epidemiology Teaching
Authors: Shi Xiuquan , Zhou Yanna , Wang Haiyan , Wang Tao , Nie Chan , Shi Shangpeng
Published: December 2017

This paper aims to conduct the SD-CBL (study design with the case based learning, SD-CBL) in Epidemiologyteaching and evaluate its effect. Students from five classes were recruited, and a combined comprehensive teachingmodel of SD-CBL was used in the “Injury Epidemiology” chapter, while other chapters in “Epidemiology”curriculum were using a teaching model of case based learning (CBL) only or single PowerPoint (ppt) teaching (itwas considered as a traditional teaching in many universities). In the final of the semester, the effects of these threeteaching models were compared in different majors and different students source. We found that SD-CBLcomprehensive teaching model was better than ppt only and CBL teaching methods (P<0.001, P=0.007), and thesignificant differences were found in the increased scoring rate between different majors and different studentssource (P<0.001, P=0.015). Thus, we concluded that the SD-CBL teaching model is effective and worth to promotein “Epidemiology” teaching, especial in chapters of epidemiology application. Moreover, it is recommended toconduct SD-CBL teaching model in students, who are major in medicine and have good science basis.
School Climate in American Secondary Schools: A Psychometric Examination of PISA 2009 School Climate Scale
Authors: Sun Letao , Royal Kenneth D.
Published: December 2017

The purpose of this study was to examine the quality of the Program for International Student Assessment (PISA)2009 school climate survey instrument and evaluate perceptions of secondary school principals' located in the UnitedStates about school climate using an Item Response Theory (IRT) methodological approach. In particular, this studysought to determine if the instrument’s items are of sufficient psychometric quality to effectively measure schools'climate status in the United States. Collectively, results indicate the School Climate Assessment (SCA) scale is ofsufficient psychometric quality to effectively measure schools' climate status in the United States. However, there areareas for which the instrument can be improved. Recommendations for improvement are provided.
Debatable Issues of English Writing Apprehensions: A Qualitative Study of Taiwanese English Majors’ Perspectives
Authors: Chin Lin Grace Hui , Larke Patricia J. , Jarvie Douglas S. , Chieh Chien Paul Shih
Published: December 2017

Anxiety (e.g., Dallos, 1976, 2006; Krashen, 2003, 2016) sometimes might be unavoidable in the learning process, because the cognitive and intellectual systems are usually connected with emotional factors. This empirical study was conducted in an English majors’ advanced-level writing course to explore relevant explanations about why Taiwanese university students experienced “anxiety” (Tomlinson, 1981, 2016). Seventeen participants of junior grade at a southern Taiwan university had cooperated with their teacher to examine their anxiety occurring during writing in English. The findings discovered five key issues explaining their apprehension including mentioned (1) time restriction, (2) teacher evaluation, (3) peer competition, (4) uninteresting writing topics. The fifth factor repeated by most of the student is displayed by this study. The study implies the anxiety should be a negative impact upon language learning.
The Liquidity of Bitcoin
Authors: Loi Hio
Published: December 2017

This paper studies the liquidity of Bitcoin using the time series daily data over the period 1/1/2014 to 12/31/2015. Based on the available data for Bitcoin, five liquidity measures are chosen to compare the liquidities among five Bitcoin exchanges and the liquidities of different sizes of stocks. The results suggest that the liquidity of Bitcoin depends on the choice of the Bitcoin exchanges, and Bitfinex, one of the Bitcoin exchanges, provides the highest liquidity for Bitcoin trading. Moreover, the results indicate that, on average, stocks are more liquid than Bitcoin.
Dancing the Archive: Rhythms of Change in Montserrat's Masquerades
Authors: Spanos Kathleen A.
Published: December 2017

On 17 March, the last day of Montserrat's annual St. Patrick's Festival, locals and tourists gather at the culminating Slave Feast event to commemorate the island's attempted slave rebellion on that same day in 1768. At the Slave Feast, festivalgoers enjoy local foods, buy handmade crafts, and watch artists perform music, dance, and poetry. Masquerade dancers form a circle among the crowds; the young performers wear grinning masks that dangle in front of their faces as they stamp and spin in the dusty street. Their bodies move polyrhythmically, shoulders pulsating up and down. The troupe's captain cracks a whip that bites at the dancers’ feet, urging them to step faster, higher; the performers become more frenzied. As their feet punctuate the pavement below, there is a sense that they are floating just above the ground, occasionally dipping their bodies toward the earth and momentarily disrupting the driving rhythm of the dance. Their hands gesture in toward and then away from their torsos, fingers pointing to their temples and then opening out into serving motions in front of them. The sound of the masquerade “boom” drum vibrates through the space, the high-pitched fife dictates the dancers’ steps and formations, and the goatskin kettle drum emits driving rhythms that become increasingly heated (see figure 1). Echoing the multiple voices that contribute to the community's cultural heritage, the fife layers European-sounding melodies onto African-sounding drum patterns. The discrete physical and historical elements of Montserrat's masquerade dance combine to “remember” a “dismembered” community, one that has been divided and dispersed over centuries of trauma inflicted by both man and nature. These performers dance the archive; these dancers are the archive.
Ten Virtues of Loudly Invoking the Name of Amitābha
Authors: Silk Jonathan A.
Published: December 2017

Stein Tibetan 724 was earlier identified as a list of virtues of the Buddha Amitābha. A new reading of the document and identification of its Chinese source allow its re-identification instead as a list of the virtues of invoking the Buddha Amitābha in a loud voice. The article offers a corrected transcription of the manuscript, presents and examines possible sources, and suggests the most plausible proximate original for the Tibetan translation, briefly exploring the practice of loud invocation as a Buddhist practice in medieval Dunhuang.
Maimonides and the Habitus Concept
Authors: Naaman Erez
Published: December 2017

A major trend that characterized the naturalization of the Aristotelian habitus concept in the medieval Islamic world was its application to religious discourses. This trend was not limited to the works of Muslim thinkers. The present communication focuses on the ways in which Maimonides used the concept, naturalizing it in the religious Jewish system.
Dating Egyptian Literary Texts; and Linguistic Dating of Middle Egyptian Literary Texts
Authors: Depuydt Leo
Published: December 2017

Dating Egyptian Literary Texts. Edited by Gerald Moers; Kai Widmaier; Antionia Giewekmeyer; Arndt Lümers; and Ralf Ernst. Lingua Aegyptia, Studia Monographica, vol. 11. Hamburg: Widmaier Verlag, 2013. Pp. xiv + 653.

Linguistic Dating of Middle Egyptian Literary Texts. By Andréas Stauder. Lingua Aegyptia, Studia Monographica, vol. 12. Hamburg: Widmaier Verlag, 2013. Pp. xx + 568.
Prophets, Prophecy, and Ancient Israelite Historiography. Edited by Mark J. Boda and Lissa M. Wray Beal
Authors: Tuell Steven S.
Published: December 2017

Prophets, Prophecy, and Ancient Israelite Historiography. Edited by Mark J. Boda and Lissa M. Wray Beal. Winona Lake, Ind.: Eisenbrauns, 2013. Pp. xii + 400. $54.50.
Tribe and State: The Dynamics of International Politics and the Reign of Zimri-Lim. By Adam E. Miglio
Authors: Reculeau Hervé
Published: December 2017

Tribe and State: The Dynamics of International Politics and the Reign of Zimri-Lim. By Adam E. Miglio. Gorgias Studies in the Ancient Near East, vol. 8. Piscataway: Gorgias Press, 2014. Pp. xvi + 271, maps. $95.
Keeping Heaven on Earth. By Michael B. Hundley
Authors: Schectman Sarah
Published: December 2017

Keeping Heaven on Earth. By Michael B. Hundley. Forschungen zum Alten Testament 2. Reihe, vol.

50. Tübingen: Mohr Siebeck, 2011. Pp. xvi + 250. €99 (paper).
Early Tantric Vaiṣṇavism: Three Newly Discovered Works of the Pañcarātra, the Svāyambhuvapañcarātra, Devāmṛtapañcarātra and Aṣṭādaśavidhāna, Critically Edited from Their 11th and 12th Century Nepalese Palm Leaf Manuscripts. Edited with an
Authors: Flood Gavin
Published: December 2017

Early Tantric Vaiṣṇavism: Three Newly Discovered Works of the Pañcarātra, the Svāyambhuvapañcarātra, Devāmṛtapañcarātra and Aṣṭādaśavidhāna, Critically Edited from Their 11th and 12th Century Nepalese Palm Leaf Manuscripts. Edited with an introduction and notes by Diwakar Acharya. Collection Indologie, vol. 129, Early Tantra Series, vol. 2. Pondichéry and Hamburg: Institut Français de Pondichéry, École Française d’Extrême-Orient, Asien-Afrika-Institut, Universität Hamburg, 2015. Pp. lxxxvi + 229. Rs. 700, €30.
History of the Chinese Language. By Hongyuan Dong
Authors: VanNess Simmons Richard
Published: December 2017

A History of the Chinese Language. By Hongyuan Dong. New York: Routledge, 2014. Pp. xiii + 203. $145 (cloth); $54.95 (paper).
Excavating the Afterlife: The Archaeology of Early Chinese Religion. By Guolong Lai
Authors: Selbitschka Armin
Published: December 2017

Excavating the Afterlife: The Archaeology of Early Chinese Religion. By Guolong Lai. Seattle: University of Washington Press, 2015. Pp. xi + 297. $65.
David in the Muslim Tradition: The Bathsheba Affair. By Khaleel Mohammed
Authors: Reeves John C.
Published: December 2017

David in the Muslim Tradition: The Bathsheba Affair. By Khaleel Mohammed. Lanham, MD: Lexington Books, 2015. Pp. ix + 225. $85, £51.95.
Al-Maʾmūn, the Inquisition, and the Quest for Caliphal Authority. By John Abdallah Nawas
Authors: Turner John P.
Published: December 2017

Al-Maʾmūn, the Inquisition, and the Quest for Caliphal Authority. By John Abdallah Nawas. Resources in Arabic and Islamic Studies, vol. 4. Atlanta: Lockwood Press, 2015. Pp. xvi + 340. $45 (paper).
Studi Graeco-Parthica: Political and Cultural Relations between Greeks and Parthians. By Edward Dabrowa
Authors: Jäger Ulf
Published: December 2017

Studi Graeco-Parthica: Political and Cultural Relations between Greeks and Parthians. By Edward Dabrowa. Philippika, vol. 49. Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz Verlag, 2011. Pp. 196. €48 (paper).
Propagation Route and Speed of Swell in the Indian Ocean
Authors: Zheng C. W. , Li C. Y. , Pan J.
Published: December 2017

The characteristics of swell propagation play an important role in the forecasting of ocean waves as well as on research on global climate change, wave energy development, and disaster prevention and reduction. To reveal the propagation routes, terminal targets and speeds of swells that originate from the southern Indian Ocean westerly (SIOW), an intraseasonal swell index (SI) was defined based on the 45 year (September 1957 to August 2002) ERA‐40 wave reanalysis data product from the European Center for Medium‐Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF). The results show that the main body of the SIOW‐related swells typically spread to the waters off Sri Lanka and Christmas Island, while the branches spread to the Arabian Sea and other waters. The propagation speeds of swells originated in the SIOW were fastest in May and August, followed by November, and were slowest in February. Swells usually required 4–6 days to propagate from the western part of the SIOW to the waters off Sri Lanka and Christmas Island, whereas swells usually required 2–4 days to propagate from the eastern part of the SIOW to the waters off Christmas Island.
Comparison Between Regularized Optimization Algorithms for Tomographic Reconstruction of Plume Cross Sections in the Atmosphere
Authors: Casaballe Nicolás , Osorio Matías , Di Martino Matías , Frins Erna
Published: December 2017

We analyze and compare two approaches for the tomographic reconstruction of trace gas distributions in the atmosphere, adapted to differential optical absorption spectroscopy (DOAS) applications. The first approach performs the inversion by solving a regularized least squares problem. Regularization is required because the retrieval of the distribution from a limited set of measurements is an ill‐posed problem. This approach does not consider the nonnegativity of the trace gas concentrations. The second approach is a new proposal that solves an optimization problem with the Laplacian of the solution as the regularization term. This approach enables the possibility of adding the nonnegativity constraint to the solution. The algorithm here is stated as an instance of a convex optimization problem and can numerically be solved using, for example, the CVX package. We test both approaches on reconstructions of simulated gas distributions and different experimental configurations applicable to Multi‐Axis DOAS and multispectral imaging measurements. From the results, we can then determine a set of reconstruction parameters appropriate to real plume measurements.
Southern Ocean Mixed‐Layer Seasonal and Interannual Variations From Combined Satellite and In Situ Data
Authors: Buongiorno Nardelli B. , Guinehut S. , Verbrugge N. , Cotroneo Y. , Zambianchi E. , Iudicone D.
Published: December 2017

The depth of the upper ocean mixed layer provides fundamental information on the amount of seawater that directly interacts with the atmosphere. Its space‐time variability modulates water mass formation and carbon sequestration processes related to both the physical and biological pumps. These processes are particularly relevant in the Southern Ocean, where surface mixed‐layer depth estimates are generally obtained either as climatological fields derived from in situ observations or through numerical simulations. Here we demonstrate that weekly observation‐based reconstructions can be used to describe the variations of the mixed‐layer depth in the upper ocean over a range of space and time scales. We compare and validate four different products obtained by combining satellite measurements of the sea surface temperature, salinity, and dynamic topography and in situ Argo profiles. We also compute an ensemble mean and use the corresponding spread to estimate mixed‐layer depth uncertainties and to identify the more reliable products. The analysis points out the advantage of synergistic approaches that include in input the sea surface salinity observations obtained through a multivariate optimal interpolation. Corresponding data allow to assess mixed‐layer depth seasonal and interannual variability. Specifically, the maximum correlations between mixed‐layer anomalies and the Southern Annular Mode are found at different time lags, related to distinct summer/winter responses in the Antarctic Intermediate Water and Sub‐Antarctic Mode Waters main formation areas.
Effects of Initial δ Phase on Creep Behaviors and Fracture Characteristics of a Nickel‐Based Superalloy
Authors: Lin Y. C. , Yin Liang‐Xing , Luo Shun‐Cun , He Dao‐Guang , Peng Xiao‐Bin
Published: December 2017

Uniaxial creep tensile experiments are performed to study the influences of initial δ phase (Ni3Nb) on the creep features and fracture behaviors of a nickel‐based superalloy. Experimental results show that the creep features and fracture behaviors of the researched superalloy are closely relevant to the volume fraction of initial δ phase. The minimum creep rate increases with the increased volume fraction of initial δ phase. The appropriate volume fraction of initial δ phase can improve the creep resistance and plasticity. So, the rupture time and the elongation to fracture initially increase, when the volume fraction of initial δ phase is relatively low, and then decrease with the increase of volume fraction of initial δ phase. Additionally, with the increased initial δ phase, the failure mode changes from a typical intergranular fracture to the mixed fracture pattern of ductile intergranular and cleavage fracture.
Atomically Thin Mesoporous Co3O4 Layers Strongly Coupled with N‐rGO Nanosheets as High‐Performance Bifunctional Catalysts for 1D Knittable Zinc–Air Batteries
Authors: Li Yingbo , Zhong Cheng , Liu Jie , Zeng Xiaoqiao , Qu Shengxiang , Han Xiaopeng , Deng Yida , Hu Wenbin , Lu Jun
Published: December 2017

Under development for next‐generation wearable electronics are flexible, knittable, and wearable energy‐storage devices with high energy density that can be integrated into textiles. Herein, knittable fiber‐shaped zinc–air batteries with high volumetric energy density (36.1 mWh cm−3) are fabricated via a facile and continuous method with low‐cost materials. Furthermore, a high‐yield method is developed to prepare the key component of the fiber‐shaped zinc–air battery, i.e., a bifunctional catalyst composed of atomically thin layer‐by‐layer mesoporous Co3O4/nitrogen‐doped reduced graphene oxide (N‐rGO) nanosheets. Benefiting from the high surface area, mesoporous structure, and strong synergetic effect between the Co3O4 and N‐rGO nanosheets, the bifunctional catalyst exhibits high activity and superior durability for oxygen reduction and evolution reactions. Compared to a fiber‐shaped zinc–air battery using state‐of‐the‐art Pt/C + RuO2 catalysts, the battery based on these Co3O4/N‐rGO nanosheets demonstrates enhanced and stable electrochemical performance, even under severe deformation. Such batteries, for the first time, can be successfully knitted into clothes without short circuits under external forces and can power various electronic devices and even charge a cellphone.
Realizing Over 13% Efficiency in Green‐Solvent‐Processed Nonfullerene Organic Solar Cells Enabled by 1,3,4‐Thiadiazole‐Based Wide‐Bandgap Copolymers
Authors: Xu Xiaopeng , Yu Ting , Bi Zhaozhao , Ma Wei , Li Ying , Peng Qiang
Published: December 2017

Two novel wide‐bandgap copolymers, PBDT‐TDZ and PBDTS‐TDZ, are developed based on 1,3,4‐thiadiazole (TDZ) and benzo[1,2‐b:4,5‐b′]dithiophene (BDT) building blocks. These copolymers exhibit wide bandgaps over 2.07 eV and low‐lying highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) levels below −5.35 eV, which match well with the typical low‐bandgap acceptor of ITIC, resulting in a good complementary absorption from 300 to 900 nm and a low HOMO level offset (≤0.13 eV). Compared to PBDT‐TDZ, PBDTS‐TDZ with alkylthio side chains exhibits the stronger optical absorption, lower‐lying HOMO level, and higher crystallinity. By using a single green solvent of o‐xylene, PBDTS‐TDZ:ITIC devices exhibit a large open‐circuit voltage (Voc) up to 1.10 eV and an extremely low energy loss (Eloss) of 0.48 eV. At the same time, the desirable high short‐circuit current density (Jsc) of 17.78 mA cm−2 and fill factor of 65.4% are also obtained, giving rise to a high power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 12.80% without any additive and post‐treatment. When adopting a homotandem device architecture, the PCE is further improved to 13.35% (certified as 13.19%) with a much larger Voc of 2.13 V, which is the best value for any type of homotandem organic solar cells reported so far.
Facilitated Oxygen Chemisorption in Heteroatom‐Doped Carbon for Improved Oxygen Reaction Activity in All‐Solid‐State Zinc–Air Batteries
Authors: Liu Sisi , Wang Mengfan , Sun Xinyi , Xu Na , Liu Jie , Wang Yuzhou , Qian Tao , Yan Chenglin
Published: December 2017

Driven by the intensified demand for energy storage systems with high‐power density and safety, all‐solid‐state zinc–air batteries have drawn extensive attention. However, the electrocatalyst active sites and the underlying mechanisms occurring in zinc–air batteries remain confusing due to the lack of in situ analytical techniques. In this work, the in situ observations, including X‐ray diffraction and Raman spectroscopy, of a heteroatom‐doped carbon air cathode are reported, in which the chemisorption of oxygen molecules and oxygen‐containing intermediates on the carbon material can be facilitated by the electron deficiency caused by heteroatom doping, thus improving the oxygen reaction activity for zinc–air batteries. As expected, solid‐state zinc–air batteries equipped with such air cathodes exhibit superior reversibility and durability. This work thus provides a profound understanding of the reaction principles of heteroatom‐doped carbon materials in zinc–air batteries.
Dimeric Drug Polymeric Micelles with Acid‐Active Tumor Targeting and FRET‐Traceable Drug Release
Authors: Guo Xing , Wang Lin , Duval Kayla , Fan Jing , Zhou Shaobing , Chen Zi
Published: December 2017

Trans‐activating transcriptional activator (TAT), a cell‐penetrating peptide, is extensively used for facilitating cellular uptake and nuclear targeting of drug delivery systems. However, the positively charged TAT peptide strongly interacts with serum components and undergoes substantial phagocytosis by the reticuloendothelial system, causing a short blood circulation in vivo. In this work, an acid‐active tumor targeting nanoplatform DA‐TAT‐PECL is developed to inhibit the nonspecific interactions of TAT in the bloodstream. 2,3‐dimethylmaleic anhydride (DA) is used to convert the TAT's amines to carboxylic acid; the resulting DA‐TAT is conjugated to poly(ethylene glycol)‐poly(ε‐caprolactone) (PEG‐PCL, PECL) to get DA‐TAT‐PECL. After self‐assembly into polymeric micelles, they are capable of circulating in the physiological condition for a long time and promoting cell penetration upon accumulation at the tumor site and deshielding the DA group. Moreover, camptothecin (CPT) is used as the anticancer drug and modified into a dimer (CPT)2‐ss‐Mal, in which two CPT molecules are connected by a reduction‐labile maleimide thioether bond. The Förster resonance energy transfer signal between CPT and maleimide thioether bond is monitored to visualize the drug release process, and effective targeted delivery of antitumor drugs is demonstrated. This pH/reduction dual‐responsive micelle system provides a new platform for high fidelity cancer therapy.
Formal [5+3] Cycloaddition of Zwitterionic Allylpalladium Intermediates with Azomethine Imines for Construction of N,O‐Containing Eight‐Membered Heterocycles
Authors: Yuan Chunhao , Wu Yang , Wang Dongqi , Zhang Zhenhua , Wang Chang , Zhou Leijie , Zhang Cheng , Song Baoan , Guo Hongchao
Published: December 2017

A formal [5+3] cycloaddition of zwitterionic allylpalladium intermediates with 1,3‐dipoles is developed, providing N,O‐containing eight‐membered heterocyclic compounds in high yields. Catalytically generated zwitterionic allylpalladium intermediates in situ from vinylethylene carbonates or vinyloxiranes acted as dipolarophile.

magnified image
Synthesis and Reactivity of 1,1‐Diborylalkanes towards C–C Bond Formation and Related Mechanisms
Authors: Miralles Núria , Maza Ricardo J. , Fernández Elena
Published: December 2017

gem‐Diborylalkanes have emerged as efficient reagents for synthesizing organoboron compounds through selective C−C bond‐forming reactions. Activation of the 1,1‐diborylalkanes generates carbanions with enhanced stability that are able to react with a series of electrophiles, carbonyl compounds, imines and epoxides to promote formation of a new C−C bond. These new sets of reactions have become general for a wide range of substrates and they can be understood by alternative mechanisms that justify the potential use of these reagents. The formation of C–C(B) bonds can be achieved with chemo‐, diastereo‐ and enantioselectivity, because the nucleophilc α‐boryl or α‐diboryl carbanions attack in a stereoselective manner, by means of the catalyst involved. The synthesis of gem‐diborylalkanes has also been promoted by innovative methods and facilitates access to multiborylated reagents with different substituents and properties.

magnified image
An Allene Approach to Tetrahydrofuran‐Fused Bicyclo[2.2.2]oct‐2‐enes
Authors: Song Shihua , Fu Chunling , Huang Xin , Ma Shengming
Published: December 2017

An efficient access to tetrahydrofuran‐fused bicyclo[2.2.2]oct‐2‐enes via palladium‐catalyzed cyclization of oxygen‐tethered 2,7‐alkadiynylic carbonates with 2‐(buta‐2,3‐dienyl)malononitrile has been developed. Perfect chiral induction was observed when a substituent was introduced to the propargylic position affording the optically active polycyclic products of both enantiomers. Control experiments showed that the oxygen tether of 2,7‐alkadiynylic carbonates and the two cyano groups in allene are indispensible for this transformation.

magnified image
A full‐condition monitoring method for nonstationary dynamic chemical processes with cointegration and slow feature analysis
Authors: Zhao Chunhui , Huang Biao
Published: December 2017

Chemical processes are in general subject to time variant conditions because of load changes, product grade transitions, or other causes, resulting in typical nonstationary dynamic characteristic. It is of a considerable challenge for process monitoring to consider all possible operation conditions simultaneously including multifarious steady states and dynamic switchings. In this work, a novel full‐condition monitoring strategy is proposed based on both cointegration analysis (CA) and slow feature analysis (SFA) with the following considerations: (1) Despite that the operation conditions may vary over time, they may follow certain equilibrium relations that extend beyond the current time, and (2) there may exist certain dynamic relations that stay invariant under normal process operation despite process may operate at different operating conditions. To monitor both equilibrium and dynamic relations, in the proposed method, nonstationary variables are separated from stationary variables first. Then by CA and SFA, the long‐term equilibrium relation is distinguished from the specific relation held by the current conditions from both static and dynamic aspects. Various monitoring statistics are designed with clear physical interpretation. It can distinguish between the changes of operation conditions and real faults by checking deviations from equilibrium relation and deviations from the specific relation. Case study on a chemical industrial scale multiphase flow experimental rig shows the validity of the proposed full‐condition monitoring method. © 2017 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 64: 1662–1681, 2018