bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Experiments and Stability Analysis of Hypersonic Boundary Layer Transition on a Flat Plate
Authors: Yin Yanxin , Jiang Yinglei , Liu Shicheng , Dong Hao
Published: December 2023

Experimental and linear stability theory (LST) investigation of boundary layer transition on a flat plate was conducted with a flow of Mach number 5. The temperature distributions and second-mode disturbances on the flat plate surface at different unit Reynolds number (Reunit) values were captured by infrared thermography and PCB technology, respectively, which revealed the transition location of the flat-plate boundary layer. The PCB sensors successfully captured the second-mode disturbances within the boundary layer initially at a frequency of about 100 kHz, with a gradually expanding frequency range as the distance travelled downstream increased. The evolution characteristics of the second-mode instabilities were also investigated by LST and obtained for the second mode, ranging from 100 to 250 kHz. The amplitude amplification factor (N-factor) of the second-mode instabilities was calculated by the eN method. The N-factor of the transition location in the wind tunnel experiment predicted by LST is about 0.98 and 1.25 for Reunit = 6.38 × 106 and 8.20 × 106, respectively.
Assessment and Comparison of Phytochemical Constituents and Biological Activities between Full Flowering and Late Flowering of Hypericum perforatum L.
Authors: Piatti Diletta , Marconi Riccardo , Caprioli Giovanni , Angeloni Simone , Ricciutelli Massimo , Zengin Gokhan , Maggi Filippo , Pagni Luca , Sagratini Gianni
Published: December 2023

This study assessed the impact of full and late flowering stages on the polyphenols and enzyme inhibitory properties of Hypericum perforatum from Poland. Recognizing the significance of phenolic compounds in disease prevention and melatonin’s emerging protective role, we employed an UHPLC-MS/MS system to quantify 38 phenolic compounds, not typical of St. John’s wort, and to develop a new method for melatonin quantification. Afterward, the extracts were tested for their antioxidant capabilities (using phosphomolybdenum, DPPH, ABTS, FRAP, CUPRAC and ferrous chelating assays). Moreover, we investigated enzymes (acetylcholinesterase, butyrylcholinesterase and tyrosinase) involved in neurodegenerative disorders and (α-amylase and α-glucosidase) in diabetes. This study recognized the importance of phenolic compounds in disease prevention and explored the emerging protective role of melatonin, taking into account the floral ontogeny of the plant. Indeed, the full-flowering plant contained the greatest concentration of phenolic compounds (a total of 65,276.5 µg/g): hyperoside (18,726.59 µg/g), isoquercitrin (11,895.02 µg/g) and delphindin-3.5-diglucoside (10,619.51 µg/g), and showed the highest inhibitory enzyme activity. Moreover, only full-flowering St. John’s wort contained melatonin (40 ng/g). Our results offer additional perspectives on the chemical-biological characteristics of H. perforatum and scientific knowledge that testifies to the importance of considering plant growth conditions for the development of nutraceuticals.
Dichotomy Graph Sketch: Summarizing Graph Streams with High Accuracy Based on Deep Learning
Authors: Li Ding , Li Wenzhong , Zhang Guoqiang , Chen Yizhou , Zhong Xu , Lin Mingkai , Lu Sanglu
Published: December 2023

In many applications, data streams are indispensable to describe the relationships between nodes in networks, such as social networks, computer networks, and hyperlink networks. Fundamentally, a graph stream is a dynamic representation of a graph, which is usually composed of a sequence of edges, where each edge is represented by two endpoints and a weight. As a result of its large volume and highly dynamic nature, several graph sketches were proposed for the purposes of summarizing large-scale graph streams and enabling fast query processing. By using a compact data structure with hash functions, the graph sketches sequentially store the edges. Nevertheless, the existing graph sketches suffer from low performance on graph query tasks as a result of unpredictable collisions between heavy edges and light edges. To store heavy edges and light edges, this paper introduces a novel learning-based Dichotomy Graph Sketch (DGS) mechanism that uses two separate graph sketches, a heavy sketch and a light sketch. During a graph stream session, DGS obtains heavy edges and light edges, and uses these edges as training samples for a deep neural network (DNN) based binary classifier. The DNN-based classifier is then used to determine whether the upcoming edges are heavy or not. We will store the edges that are classified as heavy edges in the heavy sketch, and those that are classified as light edges in the light sketch. By combining the learnable classifier and Dichotomy Graph Sketches, the proposed mechanism resolves the hashing collision problem in conventional graph sketches and significantly improves graph query accuracy. The DGS algorithm outperforms the state-of-the-art graph sketches in a variety of graph query tasks based on extensive experiments that were conducted on four real-world graph stream datasets.
Evaluating Ensemble Learning Mechanisms for Predicting Advanced Cyber Attacks
Authors: Alserhani Faeiz , Aljared Alaa
Published: December 2023

With the increased sophistication of cyber-attacks, there is a greater demand for effective network intrusion detection systems (NIDS) to protect against various threats. Traditional NIDS are incapable of detecting modern and sophisticated attacks due to the fact that they rely on pattern-matching models or simple activity analysis. Moreover, Intelligent NIDS based on Machine Learning (ML) models are still in the early stages and often exhibit low accuracy and high false positives, making them ineffective in detecting emerging cyber-attacks. On the other hand, improved detection and prediction frameworks provided by ensemble algorithms have demonstrated impressive outcomes in specific applications. In this research, we investigate the potential of ensemble models in the enhancement of NIDS functionalities in order to provide a reliable and intelligent security defense. We present a NIDS hybrid model that uses ensemble ML techniques to identify and prevent various intrusions more successfully than stand-alone approaches. A combination of several distinct machine learning methods is integrated into a hybrid framework. The UNSW-NB15 dataset is pre-processed, and its features are engineered prior to being used to train and evaluate the proposed model structure. The performance evaluation of the ensemble of various ML classifiers demonstrates that the proposed system outperforms individual model approaches. Using all the employed experimental combination forms, the designed model significantly enhances the detection accuracy attaining more than 99%, while false positives are reduced to less than 1%.
Experimental Study on a Granular Material-Filled Lining in a High Ground-Stress Soft-Rock Tunnel
Authors: Liu Jie , Wang Bin , Wang Yansong , Shi Lei , Xie Xiaokang , Lan Jun
Published: December 2023

For high ground-stress soft-rock tunnels surrounding rock with large deformation, rapid deformation rate, a long creep time, and a high likelihood of to causing initial and secondary lining damage, the yielding and relief-pressure support technology of a lining filled with a granular material is proposed. A layer of granular material is placed at the reserved deformation layer of the tunnel to provide the surrounding rock with a certain amount of deformation space. Confined compression tests were undertaken to study the laws of compressive strain, load reduction law, and horizontal force variation of different granular materials under different rock stresses. The research showed that the compressibility and load reduction performance of 8 mm soil was optimal. Its maximum compressive strain reached 47.6%, and the total load reduction rate reached 71%. The yielding- and relief-pressure effects of the granular sand-filled lining support were analyzed from the angles of deflection, pressure, and energy. The results show that the highest reduction rate of deflection was 36.7%, and the greatest load reduction rate of pressure was 78%. The grainy filling material can remove part of the load imposed by the surrounding rock on the support structure of the secondary lining through yielding pressure and relief pressure, which dramatically reduces the damage to the secondary lining from the surrounding rock. The research results have specific reference significance for designing and constructing tunnel support structures.
Spatial Feature Integration in Multidimensional Electromyography Analysis for Hand Gesture Recognition
Authors: Chen Wensheng , Niu Yinxi , Gan Zhenhua , Xiong Baoping , Huang Shan
Published: December 2023

Enhancing information representation in electromyography (EMG) signals is pivotal for interpreting human movement intentions. Traditional methods often concentrate on specific aspects of EMG signals, such as the time or frequency domains, while overlooking spatial features and hidden human motion information that exist across EMG channels. In response, we introduce an innovative approach that integrates multiple feature domains, including time, frequency, and spatial characteristics. By considering the spatial distribution of surface electromyographic electrodes, our method deciphers human movement intentions from a multidimensional perspective, resulting in significantly enhanced gesture recognition accuracy. Our approach employs a divide-and-conquer strategy to reveal connections between different muscle regions and specific gestures. Initially, we establish a microscopic viewpoint by extracting time-domain and frequency-domain features from individual EMG signal channels. We subsequently introduce a macroscopic perspective and incorporate spatial feature information by constructing an inter-channel electromyographic signal covariance matrix to uncover potential spatial features and human motion information. This dynamic fusion of features from multiple dimensions enables our approach to provide comprehensive insights into movement intentions. Furthermore, we introduce the space-to-space (SPS) framework to extend the myoelectric signal channel space, unleashing potential spatial information within and between channels. To validate our method, we conduct extensive experiments using the Ninapro DB4, Ninapro DB5, BioPatRec DB1, BioPatRec DB2, BioPatRec DB3, and Mendeley Data datasets. We systematically explore different combinations of feature extraction techniques. After combining multi-feature fusion with spatial features, the recognition performance of the ANN classifier on the six datasets improved by 2.53%, 2.15%, 1.15%, 1.77%, 1.24%, and 4.73%, respectively, compared to a single fusion approach in the time and frequency domains. Our results confirm the substantial benefits of our fusion approach, emphasizing the pivotal role of spatial feature information in the feature extraction process. This study provides a new way for surface electromyography-based gesture recognition through the fusion of multi-view features.
Enhancing the Harmonious Aesthetics of Architectural Façades: A VETAR Approach in Mengzhong Fort Village’s Stone Masonry
Authors: Chen Yidong , Ji Xiang , Xu Dongting , Zhou Xi , Wang Yujing , Hu Yixiao
Published: December 2023

To enhance the continuity of character in the preservation of architectural heritage, this approach focuses on the horizontal self-similarity characteristics of architectural texture. A method using K-means and the Bhattacharyya approach for color selection in architectural repairs is proposed. It quantifies the visual coherence between the repaired structure and the original structure. Analyzing 12 images (A–L), with the original façade (image 0) as a reference, demonstrates that repairs using color-matched materials significantly improve visual coherence. Image A, created using the Visual Enhancement Through Adaptive Repair (VETAR) method, achieves the highest visual alignment with the original image. VETAR, grounded in Gestalt psychology, moves away from traditional materials to concentrate on visual consistency. Its successful implementation in the restoration of Mengzhong Fort illustrates a complex approach to material use in heritage conservation. After comparison, this method is deemed superior to traditional techniques, integrating modern interventions with historical aesthetics. The study suggests that VETAR may offer a referential method for architectural conservation, potentially facilitating a balanced integration of historical and contemporary elements in architectural renovation.
Securing Construction Workers’ Data Security and Privacy with Blockchain Technology
Authors: Saah Alvina Ekua Ntefua , Yee Jurng-Jae , Choi Jae-Ho
Published: December 2023

The construction industry, characterized by its intricate network of stakeholders and diverse workforce, grapples with the challenge of managing information effectively. This study delves into this issue, recognizing the universal importance of safeguarding data, particularly amid rising concerns around unauthorized access and breaches. Aiming to harness the potential of blockchain technology to address these challenges, this study used hypothetical biographical and safety data of construction workers securely stored on a Hyperledger Fabric blockchain. Developed within the Amazon Web Services (AWS) cloud platform, this blockchain infrastructure emerged as a robust solution for enhancing data security and privacy. Anchored in the core principles of data security, the model emerges as a potent defender against the vulnerabilities of traditional data management systems. Beyond its immediate implications, this study exemplifies the marriage of blockchain technology and the construction sector, and its potential for reshaping workforce management, especially in high-risk projects and optimizing risk assessment, resource allocation, and safety measures to mitigate work-related injuries. Practical validation through transaction testing using Hyperledger Explorer validates the model’s feasibility and operational effectiveness, thus serving as a blueprint for the industry’s data management. Ultimately, this research not only showcases the promise of blockchain technology in addressing construction data security challenges but also underscores its practical applicability through comprehensive testing, thus heralding a new era of data management that harmonizes security and efficiency for stakeholders’ benefit.
Study on Imagery Modeling of Electric Recliner Chair: Based on Combined GRA and Kansei Engineering
Authors: Zhou Chengmin , Jiang Lansong , Kaner Jake
Published: December 2023

This study aims to integrate data-driven methodologies with user perception to establish a robust design paradigm. The study consists of five steps: (1) theoretical research—a review of the subject background and applications of Kansei engineering and gray relational analysis (GRA); (2) algorithmic framework research—the discussion delves into the intricate realm of Kansei engineering theory, accompanied by a thorough elucidation of the gray relational analysis (GRA) algorithmic framework, a crucial component in constructing a fuzzy logic model for product image modeling; (3) Kansei data collection—18 groups of perceptual words and six classic samples are selected, and the electric recliner chair samples are scored by the Kansei words; (4) Kansei data analysis—morphological analysis categorizes the electric recliner chair into four variables. followed by the ranking and key consideration areas of each area; (5) GRA fuzzy logic model verification—the GRA fuzzy logic model performs simple–complex (S-C) imagery output on 3D models of three modeling instances. By calculating the RMSE value of the seat image modeling design GRA fuzzy logic model, it is proven that the seat image modeling design GRA fuzzy logic model performs well in predicting S-C imagery. The subsequent experimental study results also show that the GRA fuzzy logic model consistently produces lower root mean square error (RMSE) values. These results indicate the efficacy of the GRA fuzzy logic approach in forecasting the visual representation of the electric recliner chair shape’s 3D model design. In summary, this research underscores the practical utility of the GRA model, harmoniously merged with perceptual engineering, in the realm of image recognition for product design. This synergy could fuel the extensive exploration of product design, examining perceptual engineering nuances in product modeling design.
Experimental Investigation and In-Situ Testing of Traffic-Induced Vibrations on the Adjacent Ruins of an Ancient Cultural Sites
Authors: Zhu Liming , Meng Jiang , Chen Lingkun , Hu Xiaolun
Published: December 2023

Background: Studying the effects of traffic vibration on adjacent structures has produced fruitful results, but there is a lack of systematic research on the protection, assessment, and ambient vibration effects on cultural relics, and the majority of the studies focus on above-ground buildings, with less research conducted on underground cultural relic sites. Objective: In order to investigate the effects of road-traffic-induced vibration on nearby underground sites, the distance between them was precisely determined. Methodology/approach: The site of Chengshang Village in Jurong City, Nanjing, China, was chosen as the research object, and the vibration of the underground site caused by traffic volume was measured on-site. Based on statistical analysis of experimental data, the vibration velocity was deduced as a function of the vehicle’s speed and the vibration source’s distance. Results: The excellent frequency band for traffic load vibration is between 0 and 40 Hz, and the attenuation speed of high-frequency vibration is faster than that of low-frequency vibration; the vibration speed is positively correlated with the speed of the vehicle, and the distance from the vibration source is exponentially attenuated; and under the condition of the determined limit value of the load and the vibration speed, the safety distance increases. Conclusions: This research utilizes the collected data to describe the relationship between the vibration velocity and the distance from the vibration source. Additionally, it estimates the appropriate distance at which cultural relics should be placed from the road to ensure their safety. The study’s findings may serve as a valuable point of reference for traffic planning and the preservation of underground cultural monuments.
A Distributed Multicast QoS Routing Construction Approach in Information-Centric Networking
Authors: Song Jianping , Ni Hong , Zhu Xiaoyong
Published: December 2023

Many applications suitable for multicast transmission, such as video conferencing and live e-commerce, demand high Quality of Service (QoS) and require data delivery to be completed within specified delay constraints. Some methods have been proposed for constructing delay-constrained multicast routing based on network state. However, obtaining precise network latency can be challenging, resulting in inaccuracies in delay-constrained routing calculations and, ultimately, the inability to meet application requirements. Additionally, many methods engage in an indiscriminate exploration of potential paths in the network, causing significant message processing overhead. This paper proposes an Information-Centric Networking (ICN)-based approach for delay-constrained multicast routing. Our method dynamically constructs multicast paths from tree nodes to receivers based on real-time path status detection during the join message propagation phase. Additionally, we present a method for acquiring neighborhood state information to facilitate real-time routing decisions. To curtail indiscriminate path exploration, our approach uses the ICN Name Resolution System (NRS) to obtain and select potential optimal tree nodes. For this purpose, we design a multicast service registration and resolution mechanism using the ICN Name Resolution System (NRS). Simulation results indicate that our approach exhibits a higher success ratio and concurrently incurs lower message processing overhead than some other methods, particularly in situations with stringent delay constraints.
Neighbor Distinguishing Colorings of Graphs with the Restriction for Maximum Average Degree
Authors: Huo Jingjing , Wen Sensen , Chen Yulong , Li Mingchao
Published: December 2023

Neighbor distinguishing colorings of graphs represent powerful tools for solving the channel assignment problem in wireless communication networks. They consist of two forms of coloring: neighbor distinguishing edge coloring, and neighbor distinguishing total coloring. The neighbor distinguishing edge (total) coloring of a graph G is an edge (total) coloring with the requirement that each pair of adjacent vertices contains different color sets. The neighbor distinguishing edge (total) chromatic number of G is the smallest integer k in cases where a neighbor distinguishing edge (total) coloring exists through the use of k colors in G. The maximum average degree of G is the maximum of the average degree of its non-empty subgraphs. In this paper, we characterize the neighbor distinguishing edge (total) chromatic numbers of graphs with a maximum average degree less than four by means of the discharging method.
Non-Invasive Electroanatomical Mapping: A State-Space Approach for Myocardial Current Density Estimation
Authors: Engelhardt Erik , Elzenheimer Eric , Hoffmann Johannes , Meledeth Christy , Frey Norbert , Schmidt Gerhard
Published: December 2023

Electroanatomical mapping is a method for creating a model of the electrophysiology of the human heart. Medical professionals routinely locate and ablate the site of origin of cardiac arrhythmias with invasive catheterization. Non-invasive localization takes the form of electrocardiographic (ECG) or magnetocardiographic (MCG) imaging, where the goal is to reconstruct the electrical activity of the human heart. Non-invasive alternatives to catheter electroanatomical mapping would reduce patients’ risks and open new venues for treatment planning and prevention. This work introduces a new system state-based method for estimating the electrical activity of the human heart from MCG measurements. Our model enables arbitrary propagation paths and velocities. A Kalman filter optimally estimates the current densities under the given measurements and model parameters. In an outer optimization loop, these model parameters are then optimized via gradient descent. This paper aims to establish the foundation for future research by providing a detailed mathematical explanation of the algorithm. We demonstrate the feasibility of our method through a simplified one-layer simulation. Our results show that the algorithm can learn the propagation paths from the magnetic measurements. A threshold-based segmentation into healthy and pathological tissue yields a DICE score of 0.84, a recall of 0.77, and a precision of 0.93.
Modelling and Simulation of the Combined Use of IABP and Impella as a Rescue Procedure in Cardiogenic Shock: An Alternative for Non-Transplant Centres?
Authors: De Lazzari Beatrice , Capoccia Massimo , Badagliacca Roberto , De Lazzari Claudio
Published: December 2023

The treatment of critically ill patients remains an evolving and controversial issue. Mechanical circulatory support through a percutaneous approach for the management of cardiogenic shock has taken place in recent years. The combined use of IABP and the Impella 2.5 device may have a role to play for this group of patients. A simulation approach may help with a quantitative assessment of the achievable degree of assistance. In this paper, we analyse the interaction between the Impella 2.5 pump applied as the LVAD and IABP using the numerical simulator of the cardiovascular system developed in our laboratory. Starting with pathological conditions reproduced using research data, the simulations were performed by setting different rotational speeds for the LVAD and driving the IABP in full mode (1:1) or partial mode (1:2, 1:3 and 1:4). The effects induced by drug administration during the assistance were also simulated. The haemodynamic parameters under investigation were aa follows: mean aortic pressure, systolic and diastolic aortic pressure, mean pulmonary arterial pressure, mean left and right atrial pressure, cardiac output, cardiac index, left and right ventricular end-systolic volume, left ventricular end-diastolic volume and mean coronary blood flow. The energetic variables considered in this study were as follows: left and right ventricular external work and left and right atrial pressure-volume area. The outcome of our simulations shows that the combined use of IABP and Impella 2.5 achieves adequate support in the acute phase of cardiogenic shock compared to each standalone device. This would allow further stabilisation and transfer to a transplant centre should the escalation of treatment be required.
Metal Interactions in the Ni Hyperaccumulating Population of Noccaea caerulescens Monte Prinzera
Authors: Fasani Elisa , Zamboni Anita , Sorio Daniela , Furini Antonella , DalCorso Giovanni
Published: December 2023

Hyperaccumulation is a fascinating trait displayed by a few plant species able to accumulate large amounts of metal ions in above-ground tissues without symptoms of toxicity. Noccaea caerulescens is a recognized model system to study metal hyperaccumulation and hypertolerance. A N. caerulescens population naturally growing on a serpentine soil in the Italian Apennine Mountains, Monte Prinzera, was chosen for the study here reported. Plants were grown hydroponically and treated with different metals, in excess or limiting concentrations. Accumulated metals were quantified in shoots and roots by means of ICP-MS. By real-time PCR analysis, the expression of metal transporters and Fe deficiency-regulated genes was compared in the shoots and roots of treated plants. N. caerulescens Monte Prinzera confirmed its ability to hypertolerate and hyperaccumulate Ni but not Zn. Moreover, excess Ni does not induce Fe deficiency as in Ni-sensitive species and instead competes with Fe translocation rather than its uptake.
Exploring the Interaction of Indole-3-Acetonitrile with Neuroblastoma Cells: Understanding the Connection with the Serotonin and Dopamine Pathways
Authors: Moura Catarina , Correia Ana Salomé , Vale Nuno
Published: December 2023

Indole-3-acetonitrile, a compound produced by bacteria and plants as a defense and survival signal in response to attacks, has been recently discovered as a metabolite produced by human cancer cells. This discovery suggests a potential association between IAN and cancer progression in patients. Consequently, the aim of this work was to study the effects of IAN on a specific cancer cell line, SH-SY5Y, and elucidate its connection to the serotonin and dopamine pathways by examining the precursors of these neurotransmitters. To achieve this, a cellular viability assay was conducted, along with a morphological evaluation of the cells under both normal and stress conditions. Our results demonstrated that for the highest concentrations in our study, IAN was able to reduce the cellular viability of the cells. Furthermore, when IAN was combined with the amino acids that originate the neurotransmitters, it was possible to observe that in both combinations there was a decrease in the viability of the cells. Thus, IAN may in fact have some influence on both the serotonin and dopamine pathways since changes in cell viability were observed when it was added together with the amino acids. This preliminary study indicates the presence of an interaction between IAN and neuroblastoma cells that justifies further exploration and study.
Clinical and Microbiological Impact of Implementing a Decision Support Algorithm through Microbiologic Rapid Diagnosis in Critically Ill Patients: An Epidemiological Retrospective Pre-/Post-Intervention Study
Authors: Rodríguez Alejandro , Gómez Frederic , Sarvisé Carolina , Gutiérrez Cristina , Giralt Montserrat Galofre , Guerrero-Torres María Dolores , Pardo-Granell Sergio , Picó-Plana Ester , Benavent-Bofill Clara , Trefler Sandra , Berrueta Julen , Canadell Laura , Claverias Laura , Esteve Pitarch Erika , Olona Montserrat , García Pardo Graciano , Teixidó Xavier , Bordonado Laura , Sans María Teresa , Bodí María
Published: December 2023

Background: Data on the benefits of rapid microbiological testing on antimicrobial consumption (AC) and antimicrobial resistance patterns (ARPs) are scarce. We evaluated the impact of a protocol based on rapid techniques on AC and ARP in intensive care (ICU) patients. Methods: A retrospective pre- (2018) and post-intervention (2019–2021) study was conducted in ICU patients. A rapid diagnostic algorithm was applied starting in 2019 in patients with a lower respiratory tract infection. The incidence of nosocomial infections, ARPs, and AC as DDDs (defined daily doses) were monitored. Results: A total of 3635 patients were included: 987 in the pre-intervention group and 2648 in the post-intervention group. The median age was 60 years, the sample was 64% male, and the average APACHE II and SOFA scores were 19 points and 3 points. The overall ICU mortality was 17.2% without any differences between the groups. An increase in the number of infections was observed in the post-intervention group (44.5% vs. 17.9%, p < 0.01), especially due to an increase in the incidence of ventilator-associated pneumonia (44.6% vs. 25%, p < 0.001). AC decreased from 128.7 DDD in 2018 to 66.0 DDD in 2021 (rate ratio = 0.51). An increase in Pseudomonas aeruginosa susceptibility of 23% for Piperacillin/tazobactam and 31% for Meropenem was observed. Conclusion: The implementation of an algorithm based on rapid microbiological diagnostic techniques allowed for a significant reduction in AC and ARPs without affecting the prognosis of critically ill patients.
Factors Influencing the Total Functional Capacity Score as a Critical Endpoint in Huntington’s Disease Research
Authors: Achenbach Jannis , Stodt Benjamin , Saft Carsten
Published: December 2023

Background: The Total Functional Capacity (TFC) score is commonly used in Huntington’s disease (HD) research. The classification separates each disease stage (1–5), e.g., as an inclusion criterion or endpoint in clinical trials accepted by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA). In addition to the quantification of age- and CAG-repeat-dependent effects as well as interacting effects of both on the TFC, we aimed to investigate factors influencing the TFC, such as neuropsychiatric, educational, and cognitive disease burden using data from the largest HD observational study to date. In addition, we analyzed data from pre-manifest stages to investigate the influence of the above-mentioned factors on the TFC in that stage. Methods: A moderated regression analysis was conducted to analyze the interaction effects of age and CAG-repeat length on the TFC in HD patients. A simple slope analysis was calculated to illustrate the effects. Depending on TFC results, motor-manifest patients were grouped into five stages. Data from pre-manifest participants were analyzed with regard to years to onset and CAP scores. Results: We identified N = 10,314 participants as manifest HD. A significant part of variance on the TFC was explained by age (R2 = 0.029, F (1;10,281) = 308.02, p < 0.001), CAG-repeat length (∆R2 = 0.132, ∆F (1;10,280) = 1611.22, p < 0.001), and their interaction (∆R2 = 0.049, ∆F (1;10,279) = 634.12, p < 0.001). The model explained altogether 20.9% of the TFC score’s variance (F = 907.60, p < 0.001). Variance of psychiatric and cognitive symptoms significantly differed between stages. Exploratory analysis of median data in pre-manifest participants revealed the highest scores for neuropsychiatric changes between 5 to <20 years from the disease onset. Conclusions: TFC is mainly explained by the neurobiological factors, CAG-repeat length, and age, with subjects having more CAG-repeats showing a faster decline in function. Our study confirms TFC as a robust measure of progression in manifest HD.
Engineering 3D-Printed Bioresorbable Scaffold to Improve Non-Vascularized Fat Grafting: A Proof-of-Concept Study
Authors: Jordao Amélia , Cléret Damien , Dhayer Mélanie , Le Rest Mégann , Cao Shengheng , Rech Alexandre , Azaroual Nathalie , Drucbert Anne-Sophie , Maboudou Patrice , Dekiouk Salim , Germain Nicolas , Payen Julien , Guerreschi Pierre , Marchetti Philippe
Published: December 2023

Autologous fat grafting is the gold standard for treatment in patients with soft-tissue defects. However, the technique has a major limitation of unpredictable fat resorption due to insufficient blood supply in the initial phase after transplantation. To overcome this problem, we investigated the capability of a medical-grade poly L-lactide-co-poly ε-caprolactone (PLCL) scaffold to support adipose tissue and vascular regeneration. Deploying FDM 3D-printing, we produced a bioresorbable porous scaffold with interconnected pore networks to facilitate nutrient and oxygen diffusion. The compressive modulus of printed scaffold mimicked the mechanical properties of native adipose tissue. In vitro assays demonstrated that PLCL scaffolds or their degradation products supported differentiation of preadipocytes into viable mature adipocytes under appropriate induction. Interestingly, the chorioallantoic membrane assay revealed vascular invasion inside the porous scaffold, which represented a guiding structure for ingrowing blood vessels. Then, lipoaspirate-seeded scaffolds were transplanted subcutaneously into the dorsal region of immunocompetent rats (n = 16) for 1 or 2 months. The volume of adipose tissue was maintained inside the scaffold over time. Histomorphometric evaluation discovered small- and normal-sized perilipin+ adipocytes (no hypertrophy) classically organized into lobular structures inside the scaffold. Adipose tissue was surrounded by discrete layers of fibrous connective tissue associated with CD68+ macrophage patches around the scaffold filaments. Adipocyte viability, assessed via TUNEL staining, was sustained by the presence of a high number of CD31-positive vessels inside the scaffold, confirming the CAM results. Overall, our study provides proof that 3D-printed PLCL scaffolds can be used to improve fat graft volume preservation and vascularization, paving the way for new therapeutic options for soft-tissue defects.
A Possible Role for Nerve Growth Factor and Its Receptors in Human Sperm Pathology
Authors: Stabile Anna Maria , Pistilli Alessandra , Moretti Elena , Bartolini Desirée , Ruggirello Mariangela , Rende Mario , Castellini Cesare , Mattioli Simona , Ponchia Rosetta , Tripodi Sergio Antonio , Collodel Giulia
Published: December 2023

Nerve growth factor (NGF) signalling affects spermatogenesis and mature sperm traits. In this paper, we aimed to evaluate the distribution and the role of NGF and its receptors (p75NTR and TrKA) on the reproductive apparatus (testis and epididymis) and sperm of fertile men (F) and men with different pathologies, namely varicocele (V) and urogenital infections (UGIs). We collected semen samples from 21 individuals (31–40 years old) subdivided as follows: V (n = 7), UGIs (n = 7), and F (n = 7). We submitted the semen samples to bacteriological analysis, leucocyte identification, and analysis of sperm parameters (concentration, motility, morphology, and viability). We determined the seminal plasma levels of NGF, interleukin 1β (IL-1β), and F2-isoprostanes (F2-IsoPs), and the gene and protein expression of NGF receptors on sperm. We also used immunofluorescence to examine NGF receptors on ejaculated sperm, testis, and epididymis. As expected, fertile men showed better sperm parameters as well as lower levels of NGF, F2-IsoPs, and IL-1β compared with men with infertility. Notably, in normal sperm, p75NTR and TrKA were localised throughout the entire tail. TrKA was also found in the post-acrosomal sheath. This localisation appeared different in patients with infertility: in particular, there was a strong p75NTR signal in the midpiece and the cytoplasmic residue or coiled tails of altered ejaculated sperm. In line with these findings, NGF receptors were intensely expressed in the epididymis and interstitial tissue of the testis. These data suggest the distinctive involvement of NGF and its receptors in the physiology of sperm from fertile men and men with infertility, indicating a possible role for new targeted treatment strategies.
Expression of Serpin Family E Member 1 (SERPINE1) Is Associated with Poor Prognosis of Gastric Adenocarcinoma
Authors: Lv Jie , Yu Chunyang , Tian Hanhan , Li Tao , Yu Changhua
Published: December 2023

Background: The aberrant expression of serpin family E member 1 (SERPINE1) is associated with carcinogenesis. This study assessed the alteration of SERPINE1 expression for an association with gastric adenocarcinoma prognosis. Methods: The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) dataset was applied to investigate the impact of SERPINE1 expression on the survival of patients afflicted with gastric cancer. Subsequently, 136 samples from the Affiliated Huaian No. 1 People’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University were subjected to qRT-PCR and Western blot to validate the expression level of SERPINE1 between tumor and adjacent normal tissues. The correlation between the expression of SERPINE1 with the clinicopathological features in TCGA patients was analyzed using Wilcoxon signed-rank and logistic regression tests. The potential molecular mechanism associated with SERPINE1 expression in gastric cancer were confirmed using gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA). Results: The TCGA data showed that SERPINE1 was overexpressed in tumor tissues compared to normal mucosae and associated with the tumor T stage and pathological grade. SERPINE1 overexpression was associated with the poor overall survival (OS) of patients. The findings were confirmed with 136 patients, that is, SERPINE1 expression was associated with poor OS (hazard ratio (HR): 1.82; 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.84–1.83; p = 0.012)) as an independent predictor (HR: 2.11, 95% CI: 0.81–2.34; p = 0.009). The resulting data were further processed by GSEA showed that SERPINE1 overexpression was associated with the activation of EPITHELIAL_MESENCHYMAL_TRANSITION, TNFA_SIGNALING_VIA_NFKB, INFLAMMATORY_RESPONSE, ANGIOGENESIS, and HYPOXIA. Conclusions: SERPINE1 overexpression is associated with a poor gastric cancer prognosis.
Type and Frequency in Use of Nutraceutical and Micronutrient Supplementation for the Management of Polycystic Ovary Syndrome: A Systematic Scoping Review
Authors: Scannell Nicole , Mantzioris Evangeline , Rao Vibhuti , Pandey Chhiti , Ee Carolyn , Mousa Aya , Moran Lisa , Villani Anthony
Published: December 2023

Lifestyle strategies are considered first-line treatment for the management of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). However, complementary therapies, including nutrient supplementation, have been identified as a potential adjunct therapy. Therefore, we systematically mapped the available literature to identify the type and frequency of the use of nutraceutical and micronutrient supplementation for the management of PCOS features. A systematic search of the literature was conducted using CINAHL, Cochrane reviews, Medline, PsycINFO, Scopus and LILACS. All types of study designs were included if they reported on the use of nutraceuticals and/or micronutrient supplementation on features of PCOS in women aged ≥18 years. A total of 344 articles were included. Forty-one supplements were identified, with the most frequently investigated being inositols (n = 86), vitamin D (n = 53), N-acetylcysteine (n = 27) and omega-3 fatty acids (n = 25). Reproductive outcomes were the most commonly reported (n = 285; 83%), followed by metabolic (n = 229; 67%), anthropometric (n = 197; 57%) and psychological (n = 8; 2%). Our results identified that nutraceutical and micronutrient supplementation require further investigation of psychological outcomes in women with PCOS. Moreover, adequately powered primary studies are warranted to investigate therapeutic doses needed for clinical benefits.
Rapid On-Site Detection of Arboviruses by a Direct RT-qPCR Assay
Authors: Mhamadi Moufid , Mencattelli Giulia , Gaye Alioune , Ndiaye El Hadji , Sow Aïssatou Aïcha , Faye Martin , Ndione Marie Henriette Dior , Diagne Moussa Moïse , Mhamadi Moundhir , Faye Ousmane , Weidmann Manfred , Faye Oumar , Diallo Mawlouth , Diagne Cheikh Tidiane
Published: December 2023

Arthropod-borne diseases currently constitute a source of major health concerns worldwide. They account for about 50% of global infectious diseases and cause nearly 700,000 deaths every year. Their rapid increase and spread constitute a huge challenge for public health, highlighting the need for early detection during epidemics, to curtail the virus spread, and to enhance outbreak management. Here, we compared a standard quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) and a direct RT-qPCR assay for the detection of Zika (ZIKV), Chikungunya (CHIKV), and Rift Valley Fever (RVFV) viruses from experimentally infected-mosquitoes. The direct RT-qPCR could be completed within 1.5 h and required 1 µL of viral supernatant from homogenized mosquito body pools. Results showed that the direct RT-qPCR can detect 85.71%, 89%, and 100% of CHIKV, RVFV, and ZIKV samples by direct amplifications compared to the standard method. The use of 1:10 diluted supernatant is suggested for CHIKV and RVFV direct RT-qPCR. Despite a slight drop in sensitivity for direct PCR, our technique is more affordable, less time-consuming, and provides a better option for qualitative field diagnosis during outbreak management. It represents an alternative when extraction and purification steps are not possible because of insufficient sample volume or biosecurity issues.
Impact of Optical Cavity on Refractive Index Sensitivity of Gold Nanohole Arrays
Authors: Shokova Maria A. , Bochenkov Vladimir E.
Published: December 2023

Refractive index sensing based on surface plasmon resonance (SPR) is a highly efficient label-free technique for biomolecular detection. The performance of this method is defined by the dielectric properties of a sensing layer and its structure. Nanohole arrays in thin metal films provide good refractive index sensitivity but often suffer from a large resonance linewidth, which limits their broad practical application in biosensorics. Coupling the broad plasmon modes to sharp resonances can reduce the peak widths, but at the same time it can also degrade the sensitivity. Here, we use Finite-Difference Time Domain simulations to study the factors affecting the sensing performance of gold-silica-gold optical cavities with nanohole arrays in the dielectric and top metal layers. We demonstrate that by tuning resonator size and inter-hole spacing, the performance of the biosensor can be optimized and the figure of merit of the order of 5–7 is reached.
Quantitative Evaluation Method and Process of BIM Data for Generating BIM-Based 2D Deliverables
Authors: Kim Yije , Chin Sangyoon , Choo Seungyeon
Published: December 2023

Views, drawings, and data extracted from building information modeling (BIM) constitute essential deliverables throughout the lifecycle of an architecture, engineering, and construction project, offering crucial insights for comprehending the design. Nevertheless, many employers evaluating BIM deliverables lack standardized criteria for the specific intended use of each BIM outcome, which hampers the practical utility of BIM results. This study introduces a quantitative evaluation method for the management of BIM-based two-dimensional (2D) deliverables. The BIM outcome measurement index for 2D deliverables (BOMI-2D) is formulated to provide a quantitative assessment of BIM data, focusing on their composition, structure, data readiness, and consistency. Pilot tests validated the efficacy of BOMI-2D, revealing an impressive 88.3% reduction in additional work required for 2D deliverables when data readiness increased by 25% and consistency improved by 32%. BOMI-2D is poised to play a pivotal role as an evaluation index for BIM data and outcomes, ultimately enhancing their utilization and productivity.
Spatial Ability Performance in Interior Design and Architecture: Comparison of Static and Virtual Reality Modes
Authors: Cho Ji Young , Suh Joori
Published: December 2023

Recent advancements in virtual reality (VR) technology have enabled its integration into learning diverse aspects of spatial components and relationships in the field of spatial design, as well as designing, communicating, collaborating, and managing complex building projects. With the growing interest in incorporating VR technology in spatial design, examining whether people understand, perceive, and perform spatial tasks in the same way in VR as they do in static modes is essential. Thus, the purpose of this study was to compare spatial ability performance in a conventional static paper–desktop mode and an interactive VR mode. Thirty students completed the Architecture and Interior Design Domain–Specific Spatial Ability Test in both modes. Their visual cognitive style was measured with the Object–Spatial Imagery Questionnaire, and their responses to the usability of the VR mode were analyzed. The results revealed: (a) significant difference in performance between static and VR modes, including better performance in three spatial visualization subconstructs in static mode than in VR; (b) no gender difference in VR mode; (c) a tendency of spatial visualizers to benefit from VR mode; and (d) a tendency of people with high spatial ability to be more susceptible to test mode. Overall, the results contribute to expanding our understanding of spatial ability performance in different test modes and provide insights concerning the integration of VR into the development of spatial ability tools and education.
Revealing a Gap in Parametric Architecture’s Address of “Context”
Authors: Hazbei Morteza , Cucuzzella Carmela
Published: December 2023

“Context” holds a broad meaning in architectural discourse, and its definition and components have evolved over time. A comparison between contemporary parametric design and overall architectural practices reveals a contradictory connotation of context in these discourses. In parametric design, as it is currently practiced, the concept of “context” appears to have shifted primarily toward energy considerations and quantifiable parameters, neglecting the broader range of site forces. However, it raises the question of whether parametric design can still be considered contextual and sustainable design when it overlooks compatibility with broader contextual dimensions such as cultural, social, and historical forces. To answer this question, we establish a clear and comprehensive definition of “context” in overall architectural practices by exploring the different meanings and epistemologies of “context” in cultural, social, historical, physical, environmental, political, and economic domains. This process helps us determine which context components can be incorporated into parametric architecture and which cannot, thereby aiding in the integration of sustainability principles into parametric design. The results show that while physical and environmental components can be included in parametric architecture, intangible parameters such as cultural, historical, social, economic, and political aspects cannot be easily quantified and thus are difficult to incorporate.