bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ChemInform Abstract: Palladium(II)/Broensted Acid‐Catalyzed Enantioselective Oxidative Carbocyclization—Borylation of Enallenes.
Authors: Jiang Tuo , Bartholomeyzik Teresa , Mazuela Javier , Willersinn Jochen , Baeckvall Jan‐E.
Published: August 2015

An oxidative cyclization of allenes in the presence of (Bpin)2 is developed using p‐benzoquinone as the oxidant and Pd(OAc)2 and an axially chiral bisphenol‐type phosphinic acid as catalysts.
ChemInform Abstract: Expedient Synthesis of Terminal Vinylphosphonates by Palladium‐Catalyzed C—C Cross‐Coupling Reactions of (1‐Halovinyl)phosphonates.
Authors: Fang Yewen , Zhang Li , Jin Xiaoping , Li Jinjian , Yuan Meijuan , Li Ruifeng , Gao Haoqi , Fang Jianghua , Liu Yuyan
Published: August 2015

A scalable procedure for the efficient cross‐coupling of (1‐bromovinyl) or (1‐chlorovinyl)phosphonates with various aryl and hetarylboronic acids is developed.
ChemInform Abstract: Pyridine‐Directed Palladium‐Catalyzed Electrochemical Phosphonation of C(sp2)—H Bond.
Authors: Grayaznova Tatyana Vasilevna , Dudkina Yu. B. , Islamov D. R. , Kataeva O. N. , Sinyashin O. G. , Vicic D. A. , Budnikova Yu. H.
Published: August 2015

A novel electrocatalytic process is presented for the direct C—H phosphonation of 2‐phenylpyridine to give the phosphonic acid (III).
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Benzoselenazoles and Benzoselenazolines by Cyclization of 2‐Amino‐benzeneselenol with β‐Dicarbonyl Compounds.
Authors: Balaguez Renata A. , Krueger Roberta , Radatz Catia S. , Rampon Daniel S. , Lenardao Eder J. , Schneider Paulo H. , Alves Diego
Published: August 2015

2‐Amino‐benzeneselenol, generated in situ by treatment of substrate (I) with phosphoric acid, reacts with 1,3‐diketones or β‐keto esters to afford benzoselenazoles and benzoselenazolines, respectively.
ChemInform Abstract: A Sequential Ugi Multicomponent/Cu‐Catalyzed Azide—Alkyne Cycloaddition Approach for the Continuous Flow Generation of Cyclic Peptoids.
Authors: Salvador Carlos Eduardo M. , Pieber Bartholomaeus , Neu Philipp M. , Torvisco Ana , Kleber Z. Andrade Carlos , Kappe C. Oliver
Published: August 2015

The development of a continuous flow multistep strategy for the synthesis of linear peptoids and their subsequent macrocyclization via click chemistry is described.
ChemInform Abstract: Gold‐Catalyzed Glycosylation Reaction Using an Easily Accessible Leaving Group.
Authors: Koppolu Srinivasa Rao , Niddana Ramana , Balamurugan Rengarajan
Published: August 2015

Glucose, mannose, and galactose esterified with dipropargylcyanoacetic acid are transformed with various nucleophiles, including alcohols, thiols, and silyl derivatives, to form the corresponding pyranosides.
ChemInform Abstract: Herbicidal Ionic Liquids Based on Esterquats.
Authors: Pernak Juliusz , Czerniak Kamil , Niemczak Michal , Chrzanowski Lukasz , Lawniczak Lukasz , Fochtman Przemyslaw , Marcinkowska Katarzyna , Praczyk Tadeusz
Published: August 2015

Novel herbicidal ionic liquids (HILs) containing different anions and cations derived from ammonium esterquats are prepared by employing a simple, inexpensive pathway.
ChemInform Abstract: Electrochemically Assisted Deposition by Local PH Tuning: A Versatile Tool to Generate Ordered Mesoporous Silica Thin Films and Layered Double Hydroxide Materials
Authors: Mousty Christine , Walcarius Alain
Published: August 2015

Review: 224 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: New Polymeric Materials Based on Element‐Blocks
Authors: Chujo Yoshiki , Tanaka Kazuo
Published: August 2015

Review: 45 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Effects of Surfactants on the Rate of Chemical Reactions
Authors: Samiey B. , Cheng C.‐H. , Wu J.
Published: August 2015

Review: 84 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Porous Substrates for Intermediate Temperature SOFCs and In‐cell Reforming Catalysts
Authors: Smorygo Oleg , Sadykov Vladislav , Mikutski Vitali , Marukovich Alexander , Ilyushchanka Aliaksandr , Yarkovich Alexander , Mezentseva Natalia , Bobrova Ludmila , Fedorova Yulia , Pelipenko Vladimir , et al.
Published: August 2015

Review: 23 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Methods and Approaches of Utilizing Ionic Liquids as Gas Sensing Materials
Authors: Rehman Abdul , Zeng Xiangqun
Published: August 2015

Review: 138 refs.
Kinetics of tocopherol degradation during the storage of wheat germ oil
Authors: Magariño Micaela , Mateo Carmen M. , Nolasco Susana M.
Published: August 2015

Tocopherol degradation in wheat germ oil was studied during storage at different temperatures. Two types of wheat germ were used: heat‐treated germ (HT) and raw germ (RG). The oil was extracted (Soxhlet, n‐hexane) and stored at 25 and 47 °C (82 days) and at ‐20 and 5 °C (600 days). Tocopherols were determined by HPLC. Total tocopherol, α‐tocopherol, and β‐tocopherol decreased following first‐order kinetics. At 25 and 47 °C, the values of the degradation rate constants for total tocopherol were 5.00 × 10−3 days−1 (RG), 3.00 × 10−3 days−1 (HT), and 5.37 ×10−2 days−1 (RG), 2.57 × 10−2 days−1 (HT), respectively, indicating an increase in tocopherol degradation rate with increasing temperature. The reaction rates of total tocopherol were similarly affected at 5 and −20 °C, with lower rate constants (4 × 10−4 and 2 × 10−4 days−1, respectively). α‐tocopherol degraded faster than β‐tocopherol, presenting higher rate constants. Low temperatures favour the preservation of tocopherols.
Iridium‐ruthenium‐oxide coatings for supercapacitors
Authors: Ullah Nehar , McArthur Mark A. , Omanovic Sasha
Published: August 2015

Electrochemical, topographical, and morphological properties of thermally‐prepared Irx‐Ru1‐x‐oxide coatings of various compositions (0 < x ≤ 1), formed on a Ti metal substrate, were investigated for their potential application as supercapacitor (SC) electrodes employing scanning electron microscopy and electrochemical techniques of cyclic voltammetry, galvanostatic charge/discharge cycling, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. A current state‐of‐the‐art pure ruthenium oxide (RuO2) coating showed relatively low performance compared to other bimetallic IrxRu1‐x‐oxide coatings operated under the same experimental conditions. An electrochemically‐activated Ir0.4Ru0.6‐oxide coating yielded the highest capacitance value (85 mF cm−2). Prolonged electrochemical cycling of the Ir/Ru‐oxide coatings in a corrosive phosphate‐buffered saline pH = 7.4, performed within an extreme potential window of 5 V, revealed an excellent stability of the coatings. In addition, this cycling procedure enabled a significant increase in capacitance for all coating compositions. It was shown that the areal capacitance (CGA) of these coatings is strongly dependent upon the nature of the components of which the metal oxide is composed. The addition of IrO2 to RuO2 improved the stability and capacitive performance of the thermally‐prepared Ir‐Ru‐oxide coatings.
Development of a novel water shut‐off test method: Experimental study of polymer gel in porous media with radial flow
Authors: Hajilary Nasibeh , Sefti Mohsen Vafaie , Shahmohammadi Ali , Koohi Ahmad Dadvand , Mohajeri Amin
Published: August 2015

Polymer gel treatment is an economic and effective method to reduce excessive water production in hydrocarbon reservoirs. However, there exist unsuccessful applications of polymer gel due to a mismatch of theoretical and experimental results in field conditions. In this study, a gel treatment experiment was implemented using a novel test method which includes a unique two‐dimensional coreflooding setup and a new procedure of simultaneous oil and water injection. To form the gel in situ, a Cr(III)‐acetate‐hydrolyze polyacrylamide (HPAM) gelant was used. The results showed that polymer gel could be successfully applied to water shut‐off (WSO) treatments in low‐permeable porous media with radial flow. The residual resistance factors for oil and water were 78.50 and 1.96, respectively. Polymer gel also showed disproportionate permeability reduction (DPR) behaviour in coreflooding experiments. The flow resistance to water was 40 times greater than that to oil. In gel treatment, high gel selectivity (DPR scale) of 0.83 was measured by simultaneous oil and water flow to the core, and the determined oil cut was much greater than the water cut, whereas a lower well production rate led to a higher water cut. In addition, a water blockage problem was examined in simultaneous injection at constant pressure. No observation of water in the outlet was reported, though water saturation through the sandpack was increased to 84 %. Finally, this paper suggests a new experimental test to increase the chances of successful WSO treatment under laboratory circumstances close to the field conditions.
Discovery, Synthesis, and Optimization of Diarylisoxazole‐3‐carboxamides as Potent Inhibitors of the Mitochondrial Permeability Transition Pore
Authors: Roy Sudeshna , Šileikytė Justina , Schiavone Marco , Neuenswander Benjamin , Argenton Francesco , Aubé Jeffrey , Hedrick Michael P. , Chung Thomas D. Y. , Forte Michael A. , Bernardi Paolo , Schoenen Frank J.
Published: August 2015

The mitochondrial permeability transition pore (mtPTP) is a Ca2+‐requiring mega‐channel which, under pathological conditions, leads to the deregulated release of Ca2+ and mitochondrial dysfunction, ultimately resulting in cell death. Although the mtPTP is a potential therapeutic target for many human pathologies, its potential as a drug target is currently unrealized. Herein we describe an optimization effort initiated around hit 1, 5‐(3‐hydroxyphenyl)‐N‐(3,4,5‐trimethoxyphenyl)isoxazole‐3‐carboxamide, which was found to possess promising inhibitory activity against mitochondrial swelling (EC50<0.39 μM) and showed no interference on the inner mitochondrial membrane potential (rhodamine 123 uptake EC50>100 μM). This enabled the construction of a series of picomolar mtPTP inhibitors that also potently increase the calcium retention capacity of the mitochondria. Finally, the therapeutic potential and in vivo efficacy of one of the most potent analogues, N‐(3‐chloro‐2‐methylphenyl)‐5‐(4‐fluoro‐3‐hydroxyphenyl)isoxazole‐3‐carboxamide (60), was validated in a biologically relevant zebrafish model of collagen VI congenital muscular dystrophies.
Design, Synthesis, and Evaluation of an 18F‐Labeled Radiotracer Based on Celecoxib–NBD for Positron Emission Tomography (PET) Imaging of Cyclooxygenase‐2 (COX‐2)
Authors: Kaur Jatinder , Tietz Ole , Bhardwaj Atul , Marshall Alison , Way Jenilee , Wuest Melinda , Wuest Frank
Published: August 2015

A series of novel fluorine‐containing cyclooxygenase‐2 (COX‐2) inhibitors was designed and synthesized based on the previously reported fluorescent COX‐2 imaging agent celecoxib–NBD (3; NBD=7‐nitrobenzofurazan). In vitro COX‐1/COX‐2 inhibitory data show that N‐(4‐fluorobenzyl)‐4‐(5‐p‐tolyl‐3‐trifluoromethylpyrazol‐1‐yl)benzenesulfonamide (5; IC50=0.36 μM, SI>277) and N‐fluoromethyl‐4‐(5‐p‐tolyl‐3‐trifluoromethylpyrazol‐1‐yl)benzenesulfonamide (6; IC50=0.24 μM, SI>416) are potent and selective COX‐2 inhibitors. Compound 5 was selected for radiolabeling with the short‐lived positron emitter fluorine‐18 (18F) and evaluated as a positron emission tomography (PET) imaging agent. Radiotracer [18F]5 was analyzed in vitro and in vivo using human colorectal cancer model HCA‐7. Although radiotracer uptake into COX‐2‐expressing HCA‐7 cells was high, no evidence for COX‐2‐specific binding was found. Radiotracer uptake into HCA‐7 tumors in vivo was low and similar to that of muscle, used as reference tissue.
Treatment‐induced hearing loss and adult social outcomes in survivors of childhood CNS and non‐CNS solid tumors: Results from the St. Jude Lifetime Cohort Study
Authors: Brinkman Tara M. , Bass Johnnie K. , Li Zhenghong , Ness Kirsten K. , Gajjar Amar , Pappo Alberto S. , Armstrong Gregory T. , Merchant Thomas E. , Srivastava Deo Kumar , Robison Leslie L. , Hudson Melissa M. , Gurney James G.
Published: August 2015

BACKGROUND

Survivors of childhood cancer who are treated with platinum‐based chemotherapy and/or cranial radiation are at risk of treatment‐induced hearing loss. However, the effects of such hearing loss on adult social attainment have not been well elucidated.

METHODS

Adult survivors of pediatric central nervous system (CNS) solid tumors (180 survivors) and non‐CNS solid tumors (226 survivors) who were treated with potentially ototoxic cancer therapy completed audiologic evaluations and questionnaires assessing their perception of social functioning and social attainment (ie, independent living, marriage, and employment). Audiograms were graded with the Chang ototoxicity grading scale. Analyses were stratified by tumor type (ie, CNS vs non‐CNS). Multivariable logistic regression models were conducted with adjustment for age; sex; chronic health conditions; and, for the CNS group, IQ. Adjusted odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) were reported.

RESULTS

Serious hearing loss (that requiring a hearing aid or deafness) was detected in 36% of survivors of CNS tumors and 39% of survivors of non‐CNS tumors. Serious hearing loss was associated with an increased risk of perceived negative impact in ≥1 areas of social functioning (survivors of non‐CNS tumors: OR, 1.83 [95% CI, 1.00‐3.34]). Among survivors of non‐CNS tumors, serious hearing loss was associated with 2‐fold increased risk of nonindependent living (OR, 2.19; 95% CI, 1.19‐4.04) and unemployment or not graduating from high school (OR, 1.85; 95% CI, 1.00‐3.34).

CONCLUSIONS

A substantial proportion of adult survivors of childhood cancer treated with potentially ototoxic therapy have serious hearing loss. Treatment‐induced hearing loss was found to be associated with reduced social attainment, both perceived and actual, in this study sample. Cancer 2015;121:4053–4061. © 2015 American Cancer Society.
Morphological analysis of the early development of telencephalic and diencephalic gonadotropin‐releasing hormone neuronal systems in enhanced green fluorescent protein‐expressing transgenic medaka lines
Authors: Takahashi Akiko , Islam M. Sadiqul , Abe Hideki , Okubo Kataaki , Akazome Yasuhisa , Kaneko Takeshi , Hioki Hiroyuki , Oka Yoshitaka
Published: August 2015

Teleosts possess two or three paralogs of gonadotropin‐releasing hormone (GnRH) genes: gnrh1, gnrh2, and gnrh3. Some species have lost the gnrh1 and/or gnrh3 genes, whereas gnrh2 has been completely conserved in the teleost species analyzed to date. In most teleosts that possess gnrh1, GnRH1 peptide is the authentic GnRH that stimulates gonadotropin release, whereas GnRH2 and GnRH3, if present, are neuromodulatory. Progenitors of GnRH1 and GnRH3 neurons originate from olfactory placodes and migrate to their destination during early development. However, because of the relatively low affinity/specificity of generally available antibodies that recognize GnRH1 or GnRH3, labeling of these neurons has only been possible using genetic manipulation. We used a model teleost, medaka, which possesses all three paralogous gnrh genes, to analyze development of forebrain GnRH neurons composed of GnRH1 and GnRH3 neurons. Here, we newly generated transgenic medaka lines that express enhanced green fluorescent protein under the control of promoters for gnrh1 or gnrh3, to detect GnRH neurons and facilitate immunohistochemical analysis of the neuronal morphology. We used a combination of immunohistochemistry and three‐dimensional confocal microscopy image reconstructions to improve identification of neurites from GnRH1 or GnRH3 neuronal populations with greater precision. This led us to clearly identify the hypophysiotropic innervation of GnRH1 neurons residing in the ventral preoptic area (vPOA) from as early as 10 days post hatching. Furthermore, these analyses also revealed retinopetal projections of nonhypophysiotropic GnRH1 neurons in vPOA, prominent during early developmental stages, and multiple populations of GnRH3 neurons with different origins and migratory pathways. J. Comp. Neurol. 524:896–913, 2016. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Development of image collection representations for intelligent distributed systems
Authors: Karlsen R. , Sundby D. , Nordbotten J.
Published: August 2015

Numerous social networks, such as Flickr, Picasa, Instagram, and even news agencies, encourage their users to upload content in the form of annotated images. These image collections have become extremely large, containing hundreds of millions of images from millions of users. One consequence is that retrieval of a full set of thematic images, such as ancient ruins in Italy or mountain climbing in Peru, requires multiple collection searches. This is very time‐consuming for the user, particularly because these collections have not been developed for distributed system search and typically have no externally available collection description. In this paper, we present a system that can automatically generate an image collection description suitable for distributed search. Our approach enhances the image tag sets collected by the host system for development of a collection description that provides an extended vocabulary to match search query terms. The benefit of using collection descriptions in the image retrieval process is the ability to first select collections that are relevant to the query before retrieval of relevant images from those collections. This two‐step process improves query processing efficiency, because irrelevant collections need not be searched. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Structural, Magnetic and DFT studies on a Charge‐Transfer Salt of a Tetrathiafulvalenepyridyl‐(1,5‐diisopropyl) verdazyl Diradical Cation
Authors: Venneri Shari , Wilson Justin , Rawson Jeremy M. , Pilkington Melanie
Published: August 2015

A new tetrathiafulvalene (TTF) donor covalently appended with a 1,5‐diisopropylverdazyl radical through a cross‐conjugated pyridyl linker (3) has been prepared and characterised. Reaction of 3 with tetracyanoquinonedimethane (TCNQ) afforded the 2:1 charge‐transfer complex (3)2⋅TCNQ (4), in which the IR and structural data are consistent with 0.25 e− charge transfer from the TTF donor (D) to the TCNQ acceptor (A). The TTF and TCNQ molecules adopt a mixed‐stack D⋅⋅⋅D⋅⋅⋅A arrangement that does not facilitate conduction. A solution EPR spectrum of 4 comprises a broad featureless singlet, which is consistent with the presence of a TCNQ radical anion. Theoretical studies were performed to probe the exchange interactions within selected fragments of 4 with and without charge transfer. In the absence of charge transfer, DFT calculations reveal weak antiferromagnetic exchange between verdazyl radicals within the (3)2 monoradical unit. However, partial oxidation of the dimer (3)2 to the diradical cation leads to an S=
ground state, in which the verdazyl radical spins are now aligned co‐parallel as a consequence of antiferromagnetic exchange to the additional delocalised TTF‐based spin containing unit. The magnetic properties of 4 are consistent with a net S=
spin state per formula unit with dominant antiferromagnetic interactions between spin‐bearing building blocks.
Investigation of structural, electronic and optical properties of pure and Ag‐doped TiO2 nanofibers fabricated by electrospinning
Authors: Çiçek Bezir Nalan , Evcin Atilla , Kayalı Refik , Kaşıkcı Özen Murivet , Oktay Ayşe
Published: August 2015

Pure and 1, 2, and 3 wt% Ag doped TiO2 nanofibers were prepared by electrospinning method at different applied voltages and heights at a constant flow rate of 2 mL/h. Characterization of the prepared samples was performed by x‐ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), atomic force microcopy (AFM),four point probe method (FPPM), the differential scanning calorimetry/the thermal gravimetric analysis (DSC/TGA), ultraviolet/visible spectrometry (UV/VIS), and energy dispersive X‐ray spectrometer (EDX). It was found that the thermally untreated pure TiO2 nanofibers and thermally treated (at 500 °C) samples have the crystalline phase of anatase (A), and mixed anatase and rutile (A+R) phases, respectively. It was also observed that the content of the silver does not affect the crystal structure, but plays strengthening role in the rutile structure. SEM micrographs showed that all fabricated nanofiber samples have uniform morphologies, and AFM measurements indicated that the nanofibers were formed in three‐dimensional coils. The band gap values of the nanofiber samples obtained from UV/VIS measurements revealed that band gap values of the nanofiber samples decrease while the diameter of the nanofiber increases.
All‐Solid‐State Lithium‐Ion Batteries with Grafted Ceramic Nanoparticles Dispersed in Solid Polymer Electrolytes
Authors: Lago Nerea , Garcia‐Calvo Oihane , Lopez del Amo Juan Miguel , Rojo Teofilo , Armand Michel
Published: August 2015

Lithium‐based rechargeable batteries offer superior specific energy and power, and have enabled exponential growth in industries focused on small electronic devices. However, further increases in energy density, for example for electric transportation, face the challenge of harnessing the lithium metal as negative electrode instead of limited‐capacity graphite and its heavy copper current collector. All‐solid‐state batteries utilize solid polymer electrolytes (SPEs) to overcome the safety issues of liquid electrolytes. We demonstrate an all‐solid‐state lithium‐ion battery by using plasticized poly(ethylene oxide)‐based SPEs comprising anions grafted or co‐grafted onto ceramic nanoparticles. This new approach using grafted ceramic nanoparticles enables the development of a new generation of nanohybrid polymer electrolytes with high ionic conductivity as well as high electrochemical and mechanical stability, enabling Li‐ion batteries with long cycle life.
Host range and community structure of avian nest parasites in the genus Philornis (Diptera: Muscidae) on the island of Trinidad
Authors: Bulgarella Mariana , Heimpel George E.
Published: August 2015

Parasite host range can be influenced by physiological, behavioral, and ecological factors. Combining data sets on host–parasite associations with phylogenetic information of the hosts and the parasites involved can generate evolutionary hypotheses about the selective forces shaping host range. Here, we analyzed associations between the nest‐parasitic flies in the genus Philornis and their host birds on Trinidad. Four of ten Philornis species were only reared from one species of bird. Of the parasite species with more than one host bird species, P. falsificus was the least specific and P. deceptivus the most specific attacking only Passeriformes. Philornis flies in Trinidad thus include both specialists and generalists, with varying degrees of specificity within the generalists. We used three quantities to more formally compare the host range of Philornis flies: the number of bird species attacked by each species of Philornis, a phylogenetically informed host specificity index (Poulin and Mouillot's STD), and a branch length‐based STD. We then assessed the phylogenetic signal of these measures of host range for 29 bird species. None of these measures showed significant phylogenetic signal, suggesting that clades of Philornis did not differ significantly in their ability to exploit hosts. We also calculated two quantities of parasite species load for the birds – the parasite species richness, and a variant of the STD index based on nodes rather than on taxonomic levels – and assessed the signal of these measures on the bird phylogeny. We did not find significant phylogenetic signal for the parasite species load or the node‐based STD index. Finally, we calculated the parasite associations for all bird pairs using the Jaccard index and regressed these similarity values against the number of nodes in the phylogeny separating bird pairs. This analysis showed that Philornis on Trinidad tend to feed on closely related bird species more often than expected by chance.
Total Synthesis of 3‐Oxo‐ and 3β‐Hydroxytauranin via Negishi Coupling of a Bis(ortho‐oxy)‐Functionalized Benzyl Chloride
Authors: Göhl Matthias , Seifert Karlheinz
Published: August 2015

The first asymmetric synthesis of the sesquiterpene quinones 3‐oxo‐ and 3β‐hydroxytauranin (1, 2) was achieved and the originally proposed structure of 3α‐hydroxytauranin was revised. The protected benzyl chloride 5 was obtained in six steps starting from 4‐bromo‐3,5‐dihydroxybenzoic acid (8) via a highly scalable approach. The troublesome Negishi coupling of the benzyl chloride 5 with alkenyldimethylalane 6 was optimized to furnish all‐trans‐farnesylarene 14 in very good yield. This prenylated arene was transformed in six additional steps to 3β‐hydroxytauranin (2). Finally, a new convenient access to propargylated terpenes without using dry cryogenic ammonia and gaseous allene or propyne is described.
Unexpected Mild Protection of Alcohols as 2‐O‐THF and 2‐O‐THP Ethers Catalysed by Cp2TiCl Reveal an Intriguing Role of the Solvent in the Single‐Electron Transfer Reaction
Authors: Durán‐Peña María Jesús , Botubol‐Ares José Manuel , Hanson James R. , Hernández‐Galán Rosario , Collado Isidro G.
Published: August 2015

A method for the conversion of primary, secondary and tertiary alcohols into the corresponding THF ethers at room temperature and primary and secondary alcohols into the corresponding THP ethers, has been developed using titanium(III) species generated from a catalytic amount of titanocene dichloride or (4R,5R)‐(–)‐2,2‐dimethyl‐α,α,α′,α′‐tetra(1‐naphthyl)‐1,3‐dioxolane‐4,5‐dimethanolatotitanium(IV) dichloride:acetonitrile adduct together with manganese(0) as a reductant and bromoform in THF or THP as the solvent. A radical mechanism is proposed for this transformation revealing an intriguing role of the solvent in the single‐electron transfer reactions catalysed by the low valent TiIII system.
Voltametric, Amperometric, and Chronopotentiometric Determination of Submicromolar Concentrations of Carboxin
Authors: Jarosova Romana , Barek Jiri , Zima Jiri , Dejmkova Hana
Published: August 2015

New procedures for the determination of pesticide carboxin were developed using differential pulse voltammetry, HPLC with amperometric detection and chronopotentiometry at carbon paste electrode and reticulated vitreous carbon electrode, respectively. Developed procedures based on electrochemical oxidation of carboxin were successfully applied on the determination of carboxin in the model samples of drinking and river water. Limits of detection in samples of river water were in 10−7 mol L−1 concentration range for all procedures and electrodes used. All developed procedures proved to be sensitive, accurate and, due to the resistance of the electrode to the passivation, also simple to handle.
Experimental investigation of pollution and fuel consumption on a CI engine operated on alumina nanoparticles—Diesel fuel with the aid of artificial neural network
Authors: Soukht Saraee Hossein , Jafarmadar Samad , Alizadeh‐Haghighi Elnaz , Ashrafi Seyed Jamal
Published: August 2015

The purpose of this study is to analyze the performance, the pollutant emissions, and the neural network modeling of a compression ignition (CI) engine operating on nanoparticles‐diesel fuel. Alumina nanoparticles that ranged in dosing level from 20 to 80 ppm were used as additives in diesel fuel along with the simultaneous usage of a 2% by volume surfactant. To achieve the uniform dispersion of AL2O3nanoparticles, an ultrasonic vibrator was used. The results indicate a perceptible effect on engine performance and a decrease in the specific fuel consumption as compared to similar procedures that used base fuels. In addition, it was found that the use of this fuel resulted in lower amounts of NOx, HC, and CO emissions than that of diesel fuel. A generalized regression artificial neural network (GRNN) model was developed to predict a correlation between brake power, fuel consumption, HC, CO, NOxusing different amounts of nanoparticles and speeds as input data. Predictive ability of this neural network is investigated considering mean square error (MSE) and correlation coefficient (R) values. The predicted results of the model led to the MSE values of 9.6346 × 10−5, 8.6470 × 10−4, 0.0213, 0.0088, and 2.5836 × 10−4for power, fuel consumption, HC, CO, and NOx, respectively.Also, the R values that were obtained for these outputs are: 0.99999,0.99912, 0.98506, 0.99977, and 0.9998, respectively. © 2015 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Environ Prog, 35: 540–546, 2016
Exploring large wood retention and deposition in contrasting river morphologies linking numerical modelling and field observations
Authors: Ruiz‐Villanueva Virginia , Wyżga Bartłomiej , Hajdukiewicz Hanna , Stoffel Markus
Published: August 2015

Large wood tends to be deposited in specific geomorphic units within rivers. Nevertheless, predicting the spatial distribution of wood deposits once wood enters a river is still difficult because of the inherent complexity of its dynamics. In addition, the lack of long‐term observations or monitored sites has usually resulted in a rather incomplete understanding of the main factors controlling wood deposition under natural conditions. In this study, the deposition of large wood was investigated in the Czarny Dunajec River, Polish Carpathians, by linking numerical modelling and field observations so as to identify the main factors influencing wood retention in rivers. Results show that wood retention capacity is higher in unmanaged multi‐thread channels than in channelized, single‐thread reaches. We also identify preferential sites for wood deposition based on the probability of deposition under different flood scenarios, and observe different deposition patterns depending on the geomorphic configuration of the study reach. In addition, results indicate that wood is not always deposited in the geomorphic units with the highest roughness, except for low‐magnitude floods. We conclude that wood deposition is controlled by flood magnitude and the elevation of flooded surfaces in relation to the low‐flow water surface. In that sense, the elevation at which wood is deposited in rivers will differ between floods of different magnitude. Therefore, together with the morphology, flood magnitude represents the most significant control on wood deposition in mountain rivers wider than the height of riparian trees. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Dealing with the One‐Hour SO2 NAAQS Implementation
Authors: Paine Robert J. , Heinold David W.
Published: August 2015

In June 2010, the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) finalized a new, very stringent National Ambient Air Quality Standard (NAAQS) for sulfur dioxide1 (SO2).
Why Today's Perfect Storm in Energy and Commodities Makes Technology King
Authors:   SunGard
Published: August 2015

The perfect storm in energy and commodities is the result of a confluence of events; any of which, in a “normal” market, would require time for the markets to absorb and return to equilibrium. These events are: 1) weakening energy and commodities demand due to slow global economic growth, 2) overinvestment in, and a return of previously constrained, production capacity leading to an extended period of excess supply, 3) a strong dollar policy reducing the value of dollar denominated commodities, and 4) increasing regulatory intervention in commodities markets that impacts broad segments of the commodities value chain. In this perfect storm, the value of commodities and the infrastructures that support their production and transportation have fallen, and uncertainty as to the future direction of the markets has increased. In this uncertain market, price volatilities will increase, offering opportunity for traders that have a clear and up‐to‐the‐second view of the markets and the tools to act quickly as conditions rapidly change. (Patrick Reames, Commodity Technology Advisory)
Simultaneous Determination of Ascorbic Acid, Dopamine and Uric Acid Based on Gold Nanoparticles‐PTCA‐Cys Composites Modified Electrodes
Authors: Li Feng , Chai Yaqin , Yuan Ruo , Li Xin , Yang Yuqiao
Published: August 2015

In this study, a nanocomposite of 3, 4, 9, 10‐perylenetetracarboxylic acid and L‐cysteine (PTCA‐Cys) with satisfactory water‐solubility and film‐forming ability was prepared and worked as substrate for modifying the glassy carbon electrode. Then, gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) were immobilized to achieve a PTCA‐Cys‐AuNPs modified electrode which provided more reaction positions on the sensor. Scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, cyclic voltammetry and different pulse voltammetry were employed to characterize the assembly process of the sensor. The constructed sensor displayed desirable sensitivity, selectivity and stability towards the simultaneous detection of ascorbic acid (AA), dopamine (DA) and uric acid (UA). Under the optimal experimental conditions, the oxidation peaks of AA, DA and UA appeared at 64, 240 and 376 mV, respectively. The corresponding linear response ranges were 3.2–435, 0.04–100 and 0.80–297 μM, and the detection limits were 1.1, 0.010 and 0.27 μM (S/N=3), respectively.
MDA‐9/Syntenin Control
Authors: Philley Julie V. , Kannan Anbarasu , Dasgupta Santanu
Published: August 2015

MDA‐9/Syntenin is a small PDZ domain containing scaffolding protein with diverse array of functions regulating membrane trafficking, cell adhesion, neural, and synaptic development, ubiquitination, and exosome biogenesis. An appreciable number of studies also established a pivotal role of MDA‐9/Syntenin in cancer development and progression. In this review, we will discuss the dynamic role of MDA‐9/Syntenin in regulating normal and abnormal fate of various cellular processes. J. Cell. Physiol. 231: 545–550, 2016. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Mechanisms of L‐lysine extraction with sec‐octylphenoxy acetic acid in sulfonated kerosene
Authors: Zhao Chunhua , Zhou Xiaohua , Xiao Yan , Wang Dan , Zhou Zhen , Yang Zhixiong , Jiang Xiaoqin , Wang Jiang
Published: August 2015

BACKGOUND

Currently, the dominant theories on extraction mechanisms of amino acids are mainly deduced from mathematical models or reaction equations, it is thus necessary to obtain direct evidence for the extraction mechanisms by experimental methods. This work aims to reveal the mechanisms of L‐lysine (L‐Lys) extraction with sec‐octylphenoxy acetic acid (CA‐12) in sulfonated kerosene by atomic force microscopy (AFM), half‐saturated fluorometric experiment and competition experiment.

RESULTS

The ionic bond based on the electrostatic attraction between the amino group of L‐Lys and the carboxyl group of CA‐12 was verified visually by high‐resolution AFM. Half of the amino groups of L‐Lys were labeled by o‐phthalaldehyde (OPA) to form half‐saturated fluorescent derivatives which were then extracted by means of CA‐12 in sulfonated kerosene. The electrostatic attraction between the free amino group of L‐Lys and the carboxyl group of CA‐12 was illustrated by the relationships between OPA dosage and fluorescence intensities of stock solution and extracted liquid. This electrostatic interaction was also demonstrated by the competition experiment using three other amino acids including L‐arginine, L‐aspartic acid and L‐alanine as competitive reagents.

CONCLUSION

The chemical force of L‐Lys extraction with CA‐12 in sulfonated kerosene was comprehensively demonstrated to be the electrostatic interaction between the amino group and the carboxyl group. © 2015 Society of Chemical Industry
HBV‐DNA levels predict overall mortality in HIV/HBV coinfected individuals
Authors: Nikolopoulos Georgios K. , Paraskevis Dimitrios , Psichogiou Mina , Hatzakis Angelos
Published: August 2015

The coinfection of Hepatitis B virus (HBV) and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) has been associated with increased death rates. However, the relevant research has mostly relied on serologic HBV testing [HBV surface antigen (HBsAg)]. The aim of this work was to explore the relationship of HBV viraemia with overall mortality among HIV/HBV coinfected individuals. The analysis included 1,609 HIV seropositives of a previously described cohort (1984–2003) with limited exposure to tenofovir (12%) and a median follow‐up of approximately 5 years. Those with persistent expression of HBsAg were further tested for HBV‐DNA. The data were analyzed using Poisson regression models. Totally, 101 participants were chronic carriers of HBsAg (6.28%). Of these, 81 were tested for HBV‐DNA. The median HBV‐DNA levels were 3.81 log (base‐10) International Units (IU)/ml. A third (31%) of those tested for HBV‐DNA had received tenofovir. Before developing acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS), the adjusted incidence rate ratio (IRR) for all‐cause mortality of coinfected patients with HBV viraemia above the median value versus the HIV monoinfected group was 3.44 [95% confidence interval (CI): 1.05–11.27]. Multivariable regressions in the coinfected group only (n = 81) showed that one log‐10 increase in HBV‐DNA levels was associated with an elevated risk for death (IRR: 1.24, 95%CI: 1.03–1.49). HBV‐DNA levels predict overall mortality in the setting of HIV/HBV coinfection, especially during the period before developing AIDS, and could thus help prioritize needs and determine the frequency of medical monitoring. J. Med. Virol. 88:466–473, 2016. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Get real in individual participant data (IPD) meta‐analysis: a review of the methodology
Authors: Debray Thomas P. A. , Moons Karel G. M. , van Valkenhoef Gert , Efthimiou Orestis , Hummel Noemi , Groenwold Rolf H. H. , Reitsma Johannes B. ,   on behalf of the GetReal methods review group
Published: August 2015

Individual participant data (IPD) meta‐analysis is an increasingly used approach for synthesizing and investigating treatment effect estimates. Over the past few years, numerous methods for conducting an IPD meta‐analysis (IPD‐MA) have been proposed, often making different assumptions and modeling choices while addressing a similar research question. We conducted a literature review to provide an overview of methods for performing an IPD‐MA using evidence from clinical trials or non‐randomized studies when investigating treatment efficacy. With this review, we aim to assist researchers in choosing the appropriate methods and provide recommendations on their implementation when planning and conducting an IPD‐MA. © 2015 The Authors. Research Synthesis Methods published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Directional side scattering of light by a single plasmonic trimer
Authors: Lu Guowei , Wang Yuwei , Chou R. Yuanying , Shen Hongming , He Yingbo , Cheng Yuqing , Gong Qihuang
Published: August 2015

Directional side scattering of light by individual gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) trimers assembled by the atomic force microscope (AFM) nanomanipulation method is investigated in experiment and theory. The AFM nanomanipulation approach brings an active way to construct ultracompact and effective optical nanoantennas. Different configurations of the trimers are constructed in situ via AFM nanomanipulation. Unidirectional side scattering of light by a single trimer is demonstrated with a broad response bandwidth over 400 nm and directivity up to ∼7.8 dB in experiments. The near‐field plasmon coupling of the AuNPs is simulated with the 3D finite‐difference time‐domain method and the far‐field radiation patterns are calculated by employing near‐field‐to‐far‐field transformation methods. The calculated results are in agreement with the experiments qualitatively. The physical origin is revealed intuitively by employing a simple phenomenological “two‐dipole” model. The unidirectional light scattering is due to the interference between multiple plasmonic resonance modes of the trimers. The study contributes to the understanding of the optical response of complex nanostructures and optimizing nanoantenna performances for practical applications, e.g. increasing the detection efficiency of surface‐enhanced spectroscopy.

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Multi‐wavelength quantum cascade laser arrays
Authors: Rauter Patrick , Capasso Federico
Published: August 2015

The progress on multi‐wavelength quantum cascade laser arrays in the mid‐infrared is reviewed, which are a powerful, robust and versatile source for next‐generation spectroscopy and stand‐off detection systems. Various approaches for the array elements are discussed, from conventional distributed‐feedback lasers over master‐oscillator power‐amplifier devices to tapered oscillators, and the performances of the different array types are compared. The challenges associated with reliably achieving single‐mode operation at deterministic wavelengths for each laser element in combination with a uniform distribution of high output power across the array are discussed. An overview of the range of applications benefiting from the quantum cascade laser approach is given. The distinct and crucial advantages of arrays over external cavity quantum cascade lasers as tunable single‐mode sources in the mid‐infrared are discussed. Spectroscopy and hyperspectral imaging demonstrations by quantum cascade laser arrays are reviewed.

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A definable Henselian valuation with high quantifier complexity
Authors: Halupczok Immanuel , Jahnke Franziska
Published: August 2015

We give an example of a parameter‐free definable Henselian valuation ring which is neither definable by a parameter‐free ‐formula nor by a parameter‐free ‐formula in the language of rings. This answers a question of Prestel.
The Role of Goals and Feedback in Incentivizing Performance
Authors: Akın Zafer , Karagözoğlu Emin
Published: August 2015

In this paper, we experimentally investigate how goal setting and feedback policies affect work performance. In particular, we study the effects of (i) absolute performance feedback, (ii) self‐specified goals, and (iii) exogenous goals and relative performance feedback. Our results show that the average performance of the subjects who are provided self‐performance feedback is 11% lower than the ones who obtain no feedback. Moreover, setting a non‐binding personal goal does not affect performance. Finally, assigning an exogenous goal and providing relative performance feedback decreases performance by 8%. We discuss the insights our findings offer for the optimal design of goal setting and feedback mechanisms. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Successful Unrelated Stem Cell Transplantation in an Infant With Congenital Acute Myelogenous Leukemia FAB M5 Showing Massive Cutaneous Infiltrations—A Challenging Multidisciplinary Approach
Authors: Lanz Sofia , Schwinger Wolfgang , Sovinz Petra , Lackner Herwig , Resch Bernhard , Urlesberger Berndt , Sipurzynski Sabine , Urban Christian
Published: August 2015

The multidisciplinary management of a male neonate presenting with congenital acute myelogenous leukemia of monoblastic phenotype is reported using conventional chemotherapy, high dose conditioning, and matched unrelated donor stem cell transplantation. These therapies were combined to add a graft versus leukemia effect to the treatment. Although chimerism studies showed a decrease of donor white blood cells, T‐cells remained stable of allogeneic origin. We hypothesize that a continuous graft versus leukemia effect results in minimal residual disease negativity for now more than 18 months since stem cell transplantation. Pediatr Blood Cancer © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Neuroproteomic profiling of human body fluids
Authors: Häggmark Anna , Schwenk Jochen M. , Nilsson Peter
Published: August 2015

Analysis of protein expression and abundance provides a possibility to extend the current knowledge on disease‐associated processes and pathways. The human brain is a complex organ and dysfunction or damage can give rise to a variety of neurological diseases. Although many proteins potentially reflecting disease progress are originating from brain, the scarce availability of human tissue material has lead to utilization of body fluids such as cerebrospinal fluid and blood in disease‐related research. Within the most common neurological disorders, much effort has been spent on studying the role of a few hallmark proteins in disease pathogenesis but despite extensive investigation, the signatures they provide seem insufficient to fully understand and predict disease progress. In order to expand the view the field of neuroproteomics has lately emerged alongside developing technologies, such as affinity proteomics and mass spectrometry, for multiplexed and high‐throughput protein profiling. Here, we provide an overview of how such technologies have been applied to study neurological disease and we also discuss some important considerations concerning discovery of disease‐associated profiles.
Perineural invasion in prostate biopsy specimens is associated with increased bone metastasis in prostate cancer
Authors: Ciftci Seyfettin , Yilmaz Hasan , Ciftci Esra , Simsek Emrah , Ustuner Murat , Yavuz Ufuk , Muezzinoglu Bahar , Dillioglugil Ozdal
Published: August 2015

Background

We aimed to evaluate the relationship between perineural invasion (PNI) and bone metastasis in prostate cancer (PCa).

Methods

We retrospectively reviewed the data of 633 PCas who had whole‐body bone scan (WBBS) between 2008 and 2014. We recorded the age, clinical T‐stage, total PSA (tPSA) prior to biopsy, Gleason sum (GS), and PNI in transrectal ultrasound guided biopsy (TRUS‐Bx) and digital rectal examination findings. Bone metastases were assessed with WBBS and magnetic resonance image if WBBS was suspicious. We divided the patients into two groups according to NCCN criteria: (Group 1) bone scan not indicated, (Group 2) bone scan indicated.

Results

There were 262 patients in Group 1 and 371 in 2. There is not significant relationship between PNI and bone metastasis in Group 1. However, there is very limited number of metastatic patients (n = 12) in this group. There is a strong relationship between PNI and bone metastasis in Group 2 (P = 0.001). Sensitivity, specificity and positive predictive value of PNI for bone metastasis were 72.4%, 81.7%, and 77.7%, respectively. In this group, tPSA, GS, positive DRE, and PNI were significant covariates for prediction of bone metastasis in univariate and multivariate analysis (except age). The most powerful predictor was PNI, and it increased the risk of bone metastasis 11‐fold.

Conclusions

PNI in the TRUS‐Bx specimens is the most powerful predictive histopathological feature for bone metastasis, by increasing the risk of bone metastasis 11‐fold in NCCN bone scan indicated patients (Group 2). Prostate 75:1783–1789, 2015. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.