bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
[Laser rheogoniometer for Weissenberg effect observation in condensed milk products as simple liquids with nonnewtonian viscosity]
Authors: Gradov Oleg
Published: January 2019

This article describes the modern method of Weissenberg effect observation in condensed milk or whipped cream using a simplest laser-based optical setup. The DIY method to be described here involves minimal nomenclature of low-cost or second-hand devices and accessories. We now describe only a general technique for rheometric measurements with this setup, because any variation on the specified example can be provided by the basic principle of the setup construction. [Градов, О. В. Лазерный diy-реогониометр для наблюдения эффекта Вайсенберга в сгущенных молокопродуктах как неньютоновских жидкостях. Молочнохозяйственный вестник, 2(10) (2013), 36–56].
[Laser-illuminated videoscopic freezing point depression milliosmometer for precision kinetic cryoscopic studies of milk & milk-like products]
Authors: Gradov Oleg
Published: January 2019

This paper describes a design of a new instrument based on a freezing point depression osmometer, which is capable of supporting dynamic monitoring and automatic recording of physico-chemical dynamics / kinetics in freezing point depression osmometry of milk & milk-like products. The implementation of this upgrade is available for dairy farm & milk industry laboratories with regular engineering staff. The configuration and cost of the instrument are flexible and depend on the customer’s objectives and the aims of the food research. The proposed instrument is an alternative to costly foreign osmometers (nanoliter osmometers), described in the introduction. [Градов, О. В. Лазерная криоскопическая видеомиллиосмометрия для определения точки замерзания молока термисторным криоскопическим методом и наблюдения его кинетики. Молочнохозяйственный вестник, 3(7) (2012), 46–56.]
[Ant tracking technique using lab-on-a-chip devices]
Authors: Gradov Oleg
Published: January 2019

Градов, О. В., Нотченко, А. В., and Линь, В. Этолого-энтомологические лаборатории на чипе - трассирующие лабиринтные мирмекодромы для мониторинга динамики колоний в формикариях. Прикладная энтомология 5, 1 (2014), 28–36.
Novel "Phenospectral Auxanometry" using Complexation of Optical Spectroscopy and Chromatographic Auxanometry or GC-MS-Auxanometry in Forest Plant Species Vegetation Phenological Monitoring Based on Gas & Flavor Chemistry Principles
Authors: Gradov Oleg
Published: January 2019

Grädow, O. Novel "phenospectral auxanometry" using complexation of optical spectroscopy and chromatographic auxanometry or gc-ms-auxanometry in forest plant species vegetation phenological monitoring based on gas & flavor chemistry principles. In. Journ. Green Herb. Chem., Section A: Green Chem 3, 2 (2014), 555–579.
[The design of simple optical fiber laser polaristrobometer and DIY-spectropolarimeter for multivariate analysis of milk & diary products properties. Part I.]
Authors: Gradov Oleg
Published: January 2019

This paper describes two novel DIY approaches to polarimetric laser instrument development using old standard constructions of optical polarimeters, including variations based on classical Wild “polaristrobometer” and “halbschattenpolarimeter”. This method can be equally applied to really rare scientific instruments and their modern optical analogues. The process of similar setup of the construction is both entertaining and informative for many students as nonstandard practical work in their universities.
BIOCENOTIC AND BIOGEOGRAPHIC SYSTEMATICS OF THE AQUATIC PLANTS BASED ON COMPLEX INDICATORS OF A PLANT RESPONSE TO THE HYDROCHEMICAL FACTORS CONSIDERED IN THE FRAMEWORK OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY
Authors: Gradov Oleg
Published: January 2019

Градов, О. В. Физико-химическая биоценотическая и биогеографическая систематика водных растений на основе комплексных показателей реактивности к гидрохимически обусловленным факторам. In Материалы Международной конференции "Проблемы систематики и географии водных растений" (2015), Ярославль, pp. 28–29.
[Submersible microchannel capillary on-chip pedoscopes with imbedded lens-less readers as telemetric setups for the swamp microbiota analysis]
Authors: Gradov Oleg
Published: January 2019

Градов, О. В. Микротоннельные многофакторные телеметрические установки как общедоступные зонды для поточного исследования болотных сред. In Болотные экосистемы: фундаментальные аспекты охраны и рационального природопользования (2012), ПГТУ, Йошкар-Ола, pp. 134–138.
Call talk english
Authors: muzy kiki
Published: January 2019

Background Speaking is the one of the important parts in English skills that should be mastered by students besides reading, writing and listening. The function of speaking skill are to express an idea, someone feeling, thought, and it express spontaneously by orally. Speaking is one of the language art of talk as communication interaction with someone, and it is very difficult to master it. Speaking skill is have a closely relationship with listening skill, in speaking act, the students must be listening and then speak up, because speaking is not only remembering and memorizing the sentences in written but speaking is spontaneous to show the students idea by orally.
MatherArousalAgingChapter2019
Authors: Mather Mara
Published: January 2019

Without brain systems that modulate arousal, we would not be able to have daily sleep-wake cycles, focus attention when needed, experience emotional responses, or even maintain consciousness. Thus, it is not surprising that there are multiple overlapping neurotransmitter systems that control arousal. In aging, most of these systems show decline in basic features such as number of receptors, transporters, and sometimes even in neuron count. These declines have the potential to lead to significant problems in maintaining basic arousal functions. However, some of these systems also show compensatory increases that allow for maintained levels of circulating neurotransmitters in the system—but at the cost of reduced dynamic range in arousal responses.
Connecting the Dots
Authors: Griffin Greg
Published: January 2019

Linking bike share with transit — while considering equity issues — requires a big-picture approach
Where does bicycling for health happen? Analysing volunteered geographic information through place and plexus
Authors: Griffin Greg , Jiao Junfeng
Published: January 2019

Research on the role of bicycling for health through physical activity has been limited by the lack of information on where bicyclists ride. New big data sources available through smartphone-based applications provide a rich source to provide bicycle volume data more comparable to the scale of information available for automotive and public transit modes. In the case of smartphone apps for fitness tracking, results of this data can be used similar to the growing application of global positioning systems for automotive travel surveying. The authors evaluate data from Travis County, Texas for the purpose of determining where bicyclists ride, primarily for fitness purposes. Ride trip volumes are evaluated with residential and employment density, land use diversity, bicycle facilities and terrain to characterize places chosen for bicycling for health. Though limited to bicycle rides and routes voluntarily logged using the smartphone app, this method provides promise for applications in multi-modal transportation planning and health impact assessment studies.
Cognitive Dissonance, Ego-Involvement, and Motivated Reasoning
Authors: Carpenter Christopher
Published: January 2019

One of the enduring topics for persuasion research is motivated reasoning, when people respond to persuasive messages in ways other than seeking to form an accurate attitude. This essay advances the position that the existing research can be synthesized using the self-concept approach to cognitive dissonance with ego-involvement added as the key explanatory variable to indicate when an issue is likely tied to the individual’s self-concept and thus potentially produce cognitive dissonance. The research on motivated reasoning is reviewed with this theoretical lens with recommendations on how to use this theory to advance research on understanding and reducing maladaptive motivated reasoning.
Co-producing Mobility: Lessons from Ridesharing for a More Just and Sustainable Autonomous Future
Authors: Griffin Greg
Published: January 2019

Big changes in technology create big opportunities for sustainability. Decreasing the number of cars on the road through carpooling can mitigate many problems related to transportation, including traffic congestion, emissions, and safety. Mobile information and communication technologies (ICTs) provide communicative and financial capabilities, termed affordances; to make carpooling much more convenient. However, research has yet to distinguish the role of affordances in reaching a critical mass of drivers. This chapter showcases empirical results from an in-depth study of a carpooling app, coupled with an innovative policy pilot to provide toll road discounts for carpool trips registered with the program. Results from the pilot countered with a for-profit model suggest drivers require sufficient reimbursement for travel costs and coordination time, to reach a critical mass needed to support a competitive travel option. However, recruitment tactics such as paid and organic media coverage, face-to-face events and incentives, and driver-focused outreach support growth of the carpool system registration, and use. Additional studies are needed to evaluate different combinations of ridesharing affordances and transportation policies to determine whether communities can realize the benefits of a critical mass of ICT-supported carpooling.
The National Referral Database: An initial overview
Authors: Steele James , Wade Matthew , Polley Marie , Copeland Robert J. , Stokes Stuart , Mann Steven
Published: January 2019

Background: In 2014 The National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) called for development of a system to collate local data on exercise referral schemes (ERS) to inform future practice. This database would be used to facilitate continued evaluation of ERS. ‘Big data’ analytics is a current trend in healthcare with the potential to influence decision making. Indeed, the use of health databases can spur scientific investigation and generation of evidence regarding healthcare practice. NICEs recommendation has not yet been met by public health bodies. However, through collaboration between ukactive, ReferAll, a specialist in software solutions for exercise referral, and the National Centre for Sport and Exercise Medicine, data has been collated from multiple UK based ERS to generate one of the largest databases of its kind and move towards meeting NICEs recommendation. Method: This paper describes the formation of The National Referral Database, its structure including outcome measures, data cleaning processes, and in two accompanying manuscripts the first initial observational insights are presented from analysis of this data. Results: Collating data from 19 ERSs on 24,086 individuals, a database has been created containing pre and post referral data for metrics including; physical activity, blood pressure, BMI, resting heart rate, SWEMWBS scores, ESES scores, WHO5 scores and ERQoL scores. After data cleaning processes there were 14 ERSs remaining covering 23,782 participants with an average age of 51±15 years and 68% of whom were female. Further, the database contains demographic information, reason for referral, medical conditions, and information on the referrer. Conclusion: This database has now been created and the initial data is available for researchers to interrogate. The National Referral Database represents a potentially valuable resource for the wider research community, as well as policy makers and practitioners in this area, which will facilitate a better understanding of ERS and other physical activity related social prescribing pathways to help inform public health policy and practice. Longer term plans include establishment of the database as an open resource, continually updated with additional data and version controls, for researchers to access for further research and policy makers and practitioners to use to inform their policies/practices.
Relationship between glycosylated hemoglobin and plateletcrit of type 2 diabetes patients
Authors: Doğan Murat , KARAHAN İrfan
Published: January 2019

Aim: Type
2 diabetes can cause serious vascular problems. Abnormal plateletcrit (PCT)
levels were shown as a risc factor for coronary artery diseases by recent
studies. Glycosylated hemoglonin (HbA1c) is widely ysed marker for assessment
of glycemic control. This study aimed to evaluate relationship between HbA1c
and PCT.Material and Method:
It is retrospective case control study. 65 type 2 diabetic patients’ records
were evaluated. Correlation between HbA1c and PCT, MPV was investigated.Results:
Between HbA1c and PCT levels, statistically significant correlation was
detected (r=0,4 p<0,01). Any correlation wasn’t detected with MPV.

Conclusion: Plateletcrit
may be guide for preventing vascular complication due to poor glycemic
regulation. Therefore patients with increased plateletcrit values, should be
evaluated for higher risk of vascular complications.
Diyabetik retinopatili gözlerde katarakt ameliyatı sonunda ön kamaraya deksametazon verilmesinin makula ödemi üzerine etkisi
Authors: OĞUREL Tevfik , ÖRNEK Kemal , OĞUREL Reyhan , ONARAN Zafer
Published: January 2019

Amaç: Diyabetik retinopati (DR)’li
hastalarda katarakt ameliyatı sonunda ön kamaraya verilen deksametazonun maküla
ödemi (MÖ) üzerine muhtemel etkilerinin araştırılması amaçlanmıştır.Gereç
ve Yöntem:
Çalışmaya DR’li ve makula ödemi olan 28 katarakt hastası dahil edildi. Bütün
hastalara katarakt operasyonu öncesinde en iyi düzeltilmiş görme keskinlikleri (EDGK),
biyomikroskopik ön segment değerlendirmesi, Goldmann üç aynalı lensi ile fundus
muayeneleri ve Goldmann aplanasyon tonometresi ile göz içi basınç (GİB)
ölçümlerinden oluşan oftalmolojik muayenenin ardından, maküla ödeminin
değerlendirilmesi amacıyla fundus floresein anjiyografi (FFA) çekildi. Katarakt
operasyonunun sonunda hastalara kesi yerinden 0,1 cc deksametazon verildi.
Hastalar birinci ay sonunda EDGK, GİB ve FFA ile değerlendirildi.Bulgular: Çalışmaya yaşları 52-87 arasında
değişen ve diyabetik makula ödemi (DMÖ) olan 18 (%64,3) kadın ile 10 (%35,7)
erkek hastanın 31 gözü dahil edildi. Hastaların tamamında tip 2 diyabet mevcuttu.
Olguların ortalama yaşı 65,25±8,57 olup
gözlerden 16 (%25,8)’ sında diffüz, 8 (%25,8)’ inde kistoid, 7 (%22,6)’ sinde
hem diffüz hem de kistoid makula ödemi (KMÖ) mevcuttu. 19
(%61,3) hastada  postoperatif makula
ödeminde herhangi bir değişiklik gözlenmezken 12 (%38,7) hastada maküler ödemde
 azalma söz konusuydu (p=0,201). Operasyon öncesi en iyi düzeltilmiş görme keskinliği
0,10±0,11 olup, operasyon sonrası 1.ay görme keskinliği 0,2±0,22
düzeylerindeydi. Bu artış istatistiksel olarak anlamlıydı (p˂0.001).

Sonuç:
DMÖ ve kataraktı
olan gözlerde, katarakt ameliyatı sonunda ön kamaraya deksametazon
uygulamasının, cerrahi işlemin MÖ üzerine olan olumsuz etkisini azalttığı
görülmektedir.
Humerus metastazı ile tanı konulan metastatik renal hücreli karsinom: olgu sunumu
Authors: KÖLÜKÇÜ Engin , BEYHAN Murat , AŞCI Murat , ARICI Akül , UNSAL Velid , ATILGAN Doğan , DOĞANAY Yahya
Published: January 2019

Renal hücreli
karsinom (RHK) teşhisi konulan hastaların üçte biri tanı anında
metastatik evrededir. Erişkin yaş grubunda en sık karşılaşılan
böbrek kanseri olan RHK oldukça yüksek mortalite oranlarına
sahiptir. RHK’nun kemik metastazları çoğunlukla geç dönemde
bulgu vermekle birlikte osteolitik ve agresif seyirlidir. Bu
çalışmada humerus metastazı ile tanı alan 73 yaşındaki RHK
olgusu; kliniği, görüntüleme teknikleri ve uygulanan tedavi
modaliteleri ile birlikte literatür bilgileri ışığında ele
alınmıştır.
The concept of the spiritual revolution in the religious-ethical concept of L. Sylenko
Authors: Khmil T. V.
Published: January 2019

In the development of modern philosophical thought there is the so-called "neo-religious Renaissance." He appears as a search for the religious factors necessary to construct a social being. The well-known representative of the Ukrainian diaspora, Lev Silenko, the founder of the Russian Orthodox Church, which he considers the national religion of the Ukrainian people, contributes to the postmodernist tendency of modern religious philosophy. The main provisions of which he laid out in the fundamental work of "Mage Faith".
Christianity and Slavic literary culture: monastic libraries
Authors: Gorbachenko T. G.
Published: January 2019

The study of the formation of the literary culture of the words of the "peoples of the nations" is impossible without analyzing the role of libraries of monasteries and cathedrals as centers of documentary memory of the Christian past. After all, the library, as a social institution, has always played an important role in the development of education, science, culture, and religious thought on a long path to its development.
Uniform reflections of the post-Florentine 20th anniversary in the church-religious life of the Polish-Lithuanian-Russian region
Authors: Shevchenko Vitaliy Volodymyrovych
Published: January 2019

Despite the universal status of the Ferrara-Florentine Cathedral, the union of the Orthodox and Catholic Churches approved by him provoked ambiguous, but often very negative reactions. This is especially true of the Orthodox East, where the idea of ​​inter-church unification ages in a row was subjected to devastating criticism, and in cases of real attempts to introduce the union, there was a strong resistance from the individual zealots of the Byzantine Orthodoxy and their supporters. An exception to this rule was not the Orthodox Russia, the spiritual leader of which and the believer, and subsequently the researchers of various fields of humanitarian knowledge, did not reach a common view on the canonicality of the Ferrara-Florence Union, and thus the legal basis for its introduction.
The state of religiosity of the population and the prospects for the development of inter-confessional and ethno-cultural relations in Ukraine (according to the sociological survey of the Donetsk State Institute of Artificial Intelligence)
Authors: Belikova N. M. , Belikov O. V. , Turenko O. S.
Published: January 2019

Ukraine has a special geopolitical location in Europe - between East and West, South and North. The specificity of this provision is due to multi-year contacts between peoples who lived or passed through its territory, the interactions of different cultures, traditions and worldviews. As a result, there is a rather varied ethno-national and religious palette of Ukrainian population. In today's conditions of building an independent state and civil society, this can be both a positive and a negative factor. Recent events and practices show that the problem of religious and ethnic renaissance has acquired a special political and spiritual significance. Different directions of Christianity, other religions, existing for centuries on the Ukrainian ethnic basis, have been influenced by a wide range of social and national life. In addition, ethno-national and religious processes took place differently in the western and eastern regions of Ukraine, in the village and in the city.
Ivan Shevtsev - honorary researcher of the Department of Religious Studies at the Institute of Philosophy named after G.S. Skovoroda of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine (nomination in 2000)
Authors: Of the Journal Editorial board
Published: January 2019

Father Ivan SHEVTSIV was born on November 1, 1926 in the village of. Pumpkins in the Zboriv district. Graduated from the Spiritual Seminary in Lviv, theological studios in Rome. In May 1951 he received priestly ordinations. He had pastoral work in England, published a magazine "Our Church" here. In 1959, Bishop Ivan Prashko invited I. Shevtsiv to Australia. Here he established publishing activities, taught religion in Ukrainian schools, edited the magazine "Church and Life", was a pastor in several parishes, and organized the construction of temples.
Vladislav Suyarka - 70
Authors: Of the Journal Editorial board
Published: January 2019

Vladislav Alekseevich as a religious scholar in Ukraine has known for forty years. He contributed to the religious studies, working from 1957 to 1964 in the editorial offices of republican newspapers and magazines. After graduating in 1967, graduated from the Philosophical Faculty of the Kiev University. T.S. Shevchenko, V.O.Suyarko, to these days, has been trapped in his scientific work in this world-famous university. Here he became a PhD and associate professor.
Sad Posts
Authors: Of the Journal Editorial board
Published: January 2019

Sad Posts
Nature in short stories by Nguyen Ngoc Tu from the ecocritisim viewpoints
Authors: Tran Nguyet Thi Anh
Published: January 2019

According to Cheryll Glotfelty, ecocritisim, simply put, is the study of the relationship between literature and physical environment. Ecocritisim argues the ecological theories of human sciences, which adopt "anthropocentrism" to propose the “earthcentrered” approach to literary studies. This paper focuses on the desire to “read” short stories by Nguyen Ngoc Tu through the eyes of core ideas of ecocritism. From this angle, the writer posed in a direct way environmental issues and human life destiny in the age of environmental crisis. Simultaneously, she brought out to discussion a way to listen to the voice of nature to find the answers to the crisis of modern humans. She also proposed an attitude: Human should live in balance with nature for peace and happiness.
The movie adaptation of the novel “Norwegian wood”
Authors: Dao Na Le
Published: January 2019

For a long time, in the research field of the works adapted from literature to cinema, many researchers often assign the literary works a greater value than the adapted works. The contributions to the culture, society, the meaning of these works by themselves used to be overshadowed in compared with the original texts. This makes the adapted works do not be reviewed, evaluated objectively. Therefore, the adaptation studies have given back the inherent values for the adapted works. That is the unique creativities basing on previous materials. This report will provide some issues of adaptation studies and apply it in the analysis of adaptation by Tran Anh Hung from Japanese best-seller novel: Norwegian Wood by Murakami Haruki.
The type of structure based on music in Milan Kundera’s Immortality novel
Authors: Nguyen Tien Thi Kim
Published: January 2019

Milan Kundera's Immortality is linked to a type of art and music – a completely extraordinary and strange structure in terms of fiction art, which makes the works more poetic, delicate and lithesome in conveying an art message of great significance. It's “modern disillusion” which man finally find from deep down in himself .
Overview on Ngu che tieu binh Bac ky nghich phi and Ngu che tieu binh Nam ky tac khau poetry by King Minh Menh
Authors: Nguyen Khuyen Huy
Published: January 2019

Ngu che tieu binh Bac ky nghich phi and Ngu che tieu binh Nam Ky tac khau form the two sets of Ngu che poetries by King Minh Menh. The poems of these two documents were printed in the third part and the fourth part of Ngu che Poetry. However, for the purpose of extensive popularization of the two poems, in 1835, King Minh Menh ordered the poems to be printed separately. Currently, printed boards and prints of these two documents are still stored at National Archives Center N0 4 – Da Lat and at the Institute of Han Nom. The prints in Han Nom Institute are fairly full in text, but the document stored in Dalat lost many wood texts, leading to the lack of many pages, and missing of poems. On that basis, we have done some studies, made some comparison with prints at the Institute of Han Nom to find out the papers, the number of lost poems in order to complete the texts in Dalat.
The influences of Cham culture on Vietnamese culture and its imprints in the Vietnamese language
Authors: Ly Hieu Trung
Published: January 2019

Applying the system approach, culturally geographical approach, and ethnolinguistic approach, the paper examines the contribution values of Champa civilization and Cham culture to Vietnamese and Vietnam culture, in order to show that next to “Vietnamization” trend in Cham culture there is “Chamization” trend in Vietnamese culture. To do that, the paper systematizes and compares the cultural and linguistic data of the two sides Cham and Vietnamese, which were collected, filtered by the author from the field notes in the Cham villages in Ninh Thuận Province and from the dictionaries and the documents related to the Cham-originated place names in the Vietnamese language.
The relationship between Japan and the Greater Mekong subregion in terms of trade and economy in the Cold War
Authors: Huynh Anh Phuong
Published: January 2019

After World War II ended, Japan set the background for the implementation of policies on economy and diplomacy to the Greater Mekong Subregion (GMS) through the signing of the reparations agreements with the subregion’s countries. At the same time, Japan consolidated and promoted tradeeconomy relationship with the GMS countries with the goal of turning those countries into resource providers and wide salers of Japanese goods. The purpose of this study is to analyze the trade relationship between Japan and Mekong Subregion countries from 1945 to the early 1990s, which contributed to the clarification of the change in Japan’s policies on foreign relations towards this subregion within the international and regional contexts.
Aspect Ranking Technique for Efficient Opinion Mining using Sentiment Analysis : Review
Authors: D. Borase Sonali , P. Mahale Prasad
Published: January 2019

Opinion mining, also called sentiment analysis, is the field of study that analyses people’s opinions, sentiments, evaluations, appraisals, attitudes, and emotions towards entities such as products, services, organizations, individuals, issues, events, topics, and their attributes. Even though facts still play a very important role when information is sought on a topic, opinions have become increasingly important as well. Opinions expressed in blogs and social networks are playing an important role influencing everything from the products people buy to the presidential candidate they support. Thus, there is a need for a new type of search engine which will not only retrieve facts, but will also enable the retrieval of opinions. Such a search engine can be used in a number of diverse applications like product reviews to aggregating opinions on a political candidate or issue. This paper consist review works have been designed for opinion mining by using classification and ranking techniques.
Analysis of Financial Statement of NRC Agro with Special Reference to Goods and Service Tax
Authors: Kalyan Nalla Bala , Sirisha Toopalli
Published: January 2019

The analysis of financial statements is an important aid to financial analysis. They provide information on how the firm has performed in the past and what is its current financial position. Financial analysis is the process of identifying the financial strengths and weakness of the firm from the available accounting data and financial statements. The analysis is done by establishing relationship between the different items of financial statements. The target of this paper is to examine the major features of GST. GST also known as the Goods and Services Tax is defined as the giant indirect tax structure premeditated to maintain and enhances the economic enlargement of a country. Service tax was a tax levied by Central Government of India on services provided or agreed to be provided excluding services covered under negative list and considering the Place of Provision of Services Rules, 2012 and collected as per Point of Taxation Rules, 2011 from the person liable to pay service tax. Person liable to pay service tax is governed by Service Tax Rules, 1994 he may be service provider or service receiver or any other person made so liable. It is an indirect tax wherein the service provider collects the tax on services from service receiver and pays the same to government of India. This paper has also focused on the impact of GST (Goods and Services Tax) will be on Indian Tax Scenario.
Investigative Analysis on The Properties of Concrete Replacing Fine Aggregate with Bottom ASH and Quarry Dust
Authors: Sasirekha D. R. , Thejaswini S.
Published: January 2019

In present condition to full-fill the demand of sustainable construction, concrete made with different materials is the best choice for the construction industry. Generally, we use materials which are required for conventional concrete and addition to those we replace the low-cost materials such as bottom ash in this project we replace the coal bottom ash & quarry dust to the fine aggregate by variable percentages. Coal bottom ash is the by-product of coal combustion. The rock detritus filled in the fishers of coal become separator from the coal during pulverization. In the furnace, carbon, other combustible matter burns, & the non-combustible matter result in coal ash. The coal ash collector from the electro static precipitators is called fly ash. coal bottom ash constitutes about 20% of coal ash and the result is fly ash. The perfect substitute for reverse sand is quarry dust it is the one of the ingredients in manufacture of concrete the crusher dust is known as quarry dust can be used as alternative material to the river sand. quarry dust possesses similar properties as that of river sand, hence accepted as a building material. The aggregate replaced with concrete in various percentages as both BA and QD (10%,20%&30%). All replacements where done to the m30 grade of concrete. the concrete has been replaced by coal bottom ash accordingly to the percentage, and fine aggregate has been replaced by quarry dust in percentage. concrete mixtures where produced, tested & compared in terms of compressive strength, tensile, flexural strength are evaluated. The curing of cubes, cylinders, & beams is 7days 28days & 90days.
Comparative Study of Banking Industry Based on Appraisal System, Rewards and Employee Performance
Authors: Ahmad Dr. Ishfaq , Danish Dr. Rizwan Qaisar , Ali Syed Adnan , Ali Hafiz Fawad , Humayon Dr. Asad Afzal
Published: January 2019

Purpose- This study was aimed to throw light on the appraisal and reward system, and its effects on job satisfaction and employee performance in the banking sector of Pakistan. 
Design/Methodology-  The research was based on primary data collected from the two major cities of Pakistan, Lahore and Kasur. A total of 250 structured questionnaires were rotated to Islamic and conventional banks in different parts of both cities. Out of these 222 questionnaires were returned and were in usable form. The data so collected was analyzed with the help of the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS). statistical techniques such as regression analysis, correlation analysis, descriptive analysis and t-test were used. 
Findings- The results of the study revealed that appraisal was negatively correlated while the reward system was positively correlated to employee performance. 
Practical implications- This research will help banks in reviewing their policies to make optimum use of their employees to meet certain goals of the bank. This research reveals that the appraisal system of the bank is affecting negatively on employees performance. This study will help in developing criteria which will help managers to appraise the employees in an effective way.
What Determines Bond Market Development? New Theoretical Insights
Authors: Aman Ameenullah , Naim Asmadi Mohamed , Isa Mohamad Yazid
Published: January 2019

Purpose- To diversify financing portfolio and reduce the reliance on the banking system, developing economies have realized the importance of bond market development. Bond markets facilitate economies to be more resilient towards the events of financial crises. Therefore, the share of the bond market in the financial system of the Asian economies has remarkably increased in the last decade. However, the academic literature on the bond market is very limited as compared to bank and equity markets. This was mainly because of the unavailability of vast data due to the absence of secondary markets for bonds in most of the economies. To fill this gap, this conceptual study postulates the theoretical relationships of bond market with various macroeconomic and financial factors. The study also assumes some new dimensions for bond financing and opens discussion for scholarly literature and empirical justifications. 
Design/Methodology- Content analysis approach is used to review relevant literature for the possible associations of the bond market with macroeconomic and financial factors. 
Practical Implications- The theoretical relationships discussed in the paper need empirical testing in future research to conclude policy implications. If the relationship between foreign capital and bond securities is established with empirical justification, we draw the policy that concerned authorities need to create a suitable environment for the attraction of foreign capital to provide support to the development of domestic debt market.
Evaluation Serum Copper Levels in Preeclampsia and Healthy Pregnant Women
Authors: Baral Nilima , Haque Rezwana , Mishu Farzana Akonjee
Published: January 2019

Background: Preeclampsia is a fatal medical disorder of pregnancy. It has been associated with adverse course and outcome of the pregnancy resulting in increased maternal and infant mortality and morbidity. As the pathogenesis of preeclampsia is not completely understood, prevention remains a complex issue. In recent times, there has been an increasing prevalence in the incidence of preeclampsia globally. The aim of this study is to determine the states of the copper in pregnant women with preeclampsia.

Methods: This case-control study was carried out in the Department of Biochemistry, Mymensingh Medical College, Mymensingh, from July 2013 to June 2014. The subjects were selected on the basis of inclusion and exclusion criteria by purposive method. This study included 73 patients with preeclampsia as case (Gr.I) classified into two subgroups according to the gestational age: Gr.I(a); preeclampsia in the second trimester (n = 35), and Gr.I(b); preeclampsia in the third trimester (n = 38). Copper levels were analyzed and results were compared with 73 apparently healthy pregnant control (Gr.II), and the corresponding gestational age subgroups [Gr.II(a); normal pregnancy of second trimester (n = 35) and Gr.II(b), normal pregnancy of third trimester (n = 38)].

Results: The mean serum copper level was significantly (p<0.001) lower in case group than that of control group. Similar extent of reduction was observed in serum copper level at different gestational age groups of preeclamptic women when compared with corresponding control groups.

Conclusion: Estimation of serum copper level should be incorporated in pre eclamptic patients for prevention of complications.

Birdem Med J 2019; 9(1): 18-22
Role of Human Chorionic Gonadotrophin Compared to 17-Alpha-Hydroxyprogesterone in the Management of Threatened Abortion: Experience in a Military Hospital in Dhaka, Bangladesh
Authors: Khanum Shakila , Ahmed Jamal Uddin
Published: January 2019

Background: Threatened abortion is the most common complication in the first half of gestation. Spontaneous abortion occurs in less than 30% of the women who experience threatened abortion. In order to prevent pregnancy loss several supportive therapies including hormonal therapy like human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) or 17-alpha-hydroxyprogesterone (progesterone) have been advocated. The exogenous administration of hCG is aimed at stimulating and therefore optimizing progesterone production. Aim of this study was to compare the efficacy of supportive therapy with hCG and progesterone in women with threatened abortion.

Methods: This prospective study was carried out in the department of obstetrics and gynecology of the Combined Military hospital (CMH), Savar, Dhaka, Bangladesh from July 2016 to June 2017. One hundred pregnant patients admitted with the history of per vaginal bleeding before 20 weeks of gestation without having any other co-morbidity were included in this study. Patients were randomized to two treatment groups. The participants in group A (52, 52%) received injection hCG weekly while those in group B (48, 48%) received injection progesterone from recruitment up until 20 weeks of gestation. Further USG were performed one week and four weeks after recruitment to the study and again at 20 weeks and subsequently when indicated. The final outcome of pregnancy were recorded and analyzed.

Results: Among 100 patients majority belonged to the 26-30 year age group. Mean age of the patients was 27.2±10.5 years. There was not much significant difference between the groups in terms of parity. More than 75% of patients in both the groups presented before 16 weeks of gestation with threatened abortion. In both the groups more than 75% of the patients had previous history of pregnancy loss. In terms of pregnancy outcome more patients in hCG group had live pregnancy than progesterone group (88.5% vs 66.7%) (p=0.012). Out of 46 live birth in hCG group, 4 (7.7%) were preterm labor between 31-35 weeks of pregnancy and one baby died in neonatal ICU, one died at 31 weeks of gestation which was delivered by vaginally. On the other hand out of 32 live birth in progesterone group, there was 3 (6.3%) preterm labor. Growth retardation was less in hCG group compared to progesterone group (9.6% vs 14.6%). However cesarean section rate was high in both the groups.

Conclusion: Treatment with injection hCG has better pregnancy outcome than that of injection17-alphahydroxyprogesterone in early pregnancy with threatened abortion of unexplained cause.

Birdem Med J 2019; 9(1): 7-10
Spectrum of Diseases among Patients Attending a Breast Clinic at a Tertiary Level Hospital of Bangladesh
Authors: Narmeen Tamanna , Pervez MM Masud
Published: January 2019

Background: Breast problems are a burning health issue for today’s women. Breast clinics provide a competent and complete diagnosis for women with any breast symptoms or problems and give appropriate management of the problem. The aim of this study is to determine the disease spectrum among the patients visiting a breast clinic for assistance.

Methods: This was a cross section study of all female patients visiting a breast clinic with breast problems. The study was conducted at BIRDEM General Hospital-2 over a period of 3 years from March 2015 till March 2018. Patients suffering from superficial skin lesions of the breast were excluded. The findings were tabulated and analyzed for frequency of each problem.

Results: A total of 1279 patients visited the breast clinic during the period of March 2015 till March 2018. Among them 1204 patients were selected after considering eligibility criteria. The age of the patients ranged from 15 to 80 years. Ten percent of these patients were asymptomatic and attended the clinic for breast screening. Among the symptomatic patients mastalgia was the most common presentation (36.65%) followed by fibrocystic disease (22.26%). Benign Breast lump was seen in 14.96% patients. Ten percent patients presented with breast abscess. Nipple discharge and ductal ectasia was seen in 2.66% patients. Breast cancer was found in 2.33% patients. Other rare entities like milk fistula, giant fibroadenoma were also noted.

Conclusion: Breast clinincs provide comprehensive assistance to both benign and malignant breast diseases. Breast cancer is the leading cause of cancer deaths in females. Breast screening ensures early detection of breast cancer. Besides malignant disease benign breast diseases also cause much morbidity to female health. This study shows the spectrum of patients coming with breast complaints to such a breast clinic.

Birdem Med J 2019; 9(1): 11-13
Frequency of Burnout Syndrome in an Intensive Care Unit of a Tertiary Care Hospital in Dhaka, Bangladesh
Authors: Saha Debasish Kumar , Razzak Muhammad Abdur , Saha Madhurima , Ahsan ASM Areef , Fatema Kaniz , Ahmed Fatema , Nazneen Suraiya , Sultana Rozina
Published: January 2019

Background: Burnout syndrome is a psychological term resulting from prolonged exposure to job stressors. It is a very common problem among health professionals especially intensive care unit (ICU) staffs (physicians, nurses, ward-attendant), as ICUs are characterized by a high level of work related stress. The consequences associated with professional burnout affect both the healthcare professionals and recipients.

Methods: This cross-sectional study was done over the period of four months (April to July, 2017) in the department of Critical Care Medicine, of Bangladesh Institute of Research and Rehabilitation in Diabetes, Endocrine and Metabolic Disorder (BIRDEM) General Hospital, Dhaka. Total 93 ICU staffs were included as study population. After taking informed written consent, the participants were given a structured questionnaire consisting of 2 parts. Part 1 addressed demographic information including gender, age, credentials, employment status, years in practice, work schedule, hours worked per week, smoking and alcohol habit, involvement in teaching and research works. Part 2 of the handout was the Maslach Burnout Inventory - Human Service Survey (MBI-HSS); an inventory consisting of 22 questions to assess three components of burnout.

Results: Among the 93 study participants 39.8% were physicians, 47.3% were nurses and 12.9% were wardattendants) were included in this study. Majority (52.7%) of the responders were found in the age group 20-29 year and 58.1% were married. Majority (58.1%) had a working experience of 1-5 year in ICU, where 61.3% staff had 20-25 working days/month. Regarding duty schedule, 84.9% staff were doing shifting duty, 83.9% had 6-10 working night shifts/month. Most (62.4%) were involved in 1-5 patients’ care during their duty time. Among all responders, 17.2% had habit of smoking and 4.3% had alcohol intake habit. 56.7% physicians were involved in research works, and 41.9% of total physicians and nurses were involved in teaching activities. Mostly (97.8% of all staff) followed the ICU guidelines. Regarding burnout scale, 50.5% of the staff had been suffering from moderate emotional exhaustion (EE), 46.2% of high EE. Majority (38.7%) had been suffering from low depersonalization (DP), 32.3% were in high DP and 29.0% were in moderate DP; 81.7% scored high on the personal accomplishment (PA) subscale.

Conclusion: This study results suggest that majority of ICU staff are affected by some level of burnout syndrome.

Birdem Med J 2019; 9(1): 30-34
Risk Estimation of Aortic Stiffness in Patients with End Stage Renal Disease on Maintenance Haemodialysis
Authors: Razzak Muhammad Abdur , Saha Debasish Kumar , Jalil Muhammad Ehsan , Miah Mohammad Omar Faruque , Hai Abu Noim Md Abdul , Latif Abdul , Amin Md Rasul , Ahammod Tofael , Fatima Kaniz , Saha Shudhanshu Kumar
Published: January 2019

Background: The stiffness of the large elastic arteries increase the morbidity and mortality. The purpose of the present study was to estimate the risk of aortic stiffness among end stage renal disease patients on maintenance haemodialysis.

Methods: This cross-sectional study was carried out in the Department of Nephrology at National Institute of Kidney Diseases and Urology (NIKDU), Dhaka and National Institute of Cardiovascular Disease and Hospital (NICVD), Dhaka, Bangladesh from January 2013 to December 2014 for a period of two years. Chronic kidney disease in stage 5 [CKD-5(D)] patients older than 18 years on maintenance haemodialysis (MHD) for more than 3 months were designated as case group and age and sex matched non CKD patients were considered as control group. Serum calcium, serum albumin, serum phosphate and iPTH were estimated by semi-automated biochemistry analyzer from the Department of Biochemistry of NIKDU, Dhaka and NICVD, Dhaka. Plain Xray abdomen in lateral view was performed for all patients.

Result: A total number of 100 patients were enrolled for this study of which 50 patients were in end stage renal disease (ESRD) group and the rest 50 patients were in non-CKD group. Mean (±SD) aortic stiffness index was significantly higher (P<0.001) among ESRD population (3.27±1.70) compared to non CKD group of population (2.00±0.73). Mean (±SD) serum calcium (corrected) level was significantly high (P<0.001) in ESRD patients (9.79±0.87) compared to non CKD group of population (9.13±0.70). Mean (±SD) serum phosphate level was significantly higher (P<0.001) in ESRD patients (5.71±0.96) compared to non CKD group of population (4.20±0.59). However, mean (±SD) iPTH level showed no significant difference between ESRD (25.33±51.98) and non CKD group of population (38.53±19.52).

Conclusion: In conclusion, aortic stiffness is significantly higher among ESRD subjects.

Birdem Med J 2019; 9(1): 59-62
Evaluation of Ultrasound Therapeutic Effect on Patients with Carpal Tunnel Syndrome Attending in a Tertiary Care Hospital of Bangladesh
Authors: Siddiquee Nadia , Mishu Farzana Akonjee , Rahman Sohely , Zaman Abul Khan Ahmed
Published: January 2019

Background: Carpal tunnel syndrome is a common condition in medical practice. Ultrasound therapy is a common non-surgical treatment of carpal tunnel syndrome including other modalities like the use of antiinflammatory agents and exercise. This study was designed to evaluate the effect of ultrasound therapy for the relief of symptoms of patients with carpal tunnel syndrome.

Methods: This was a randomized controlled trial. This study as conducted in Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation of Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University, Dhakaduring the period from March 2014 to August 2014to evaluate the effect of ultrasound therapy on patients of carpal tunnel syndrome. Total 110 subjects were participated in this study and they were selected randomly. The patients were divided in two groups by lottery. For group A patients treatment schedule (Ultrasound therapy+ Exercise+ Wrist splint +NSAIDs) and group B (Exercise+ Wrist splint+ NSAIDs) were applied for a period of 6 weeks. Group A were compared to group B byVisual Analog Scale after 3weeks and 6weeks of treatment.Statistical analysis of the finding was done with the help of statistical package for social science version (SPSS) 19. The student t test used to analyze the level of significance, p< 0.05.

Results: This study showed mean visual analogue scale (VAS) at pretreatment (W0) in group-A was 6.42 ±1.23 and in group-B was 6.17±0.74. Group-A was 1.82±0.43 and in group-B was 3.1±0.23 in their follow up after 3 weeks (W 3). Mean Visual Analogue scale in groupA- was 1.71(±0.52) and in group-B was 2.52(±0.49) at 2nd follow up (W 6) after 6 weeks . So these result reveled that group-A is significantly better than group-B.

Conclusion: This study revealed that continuous mode of US therapy with exercise, wrist splint, NSAIDs have better outcome in case of Carpal tunnel syndrome patients.

Birdem Med J 2019; 9(1): 70-73
Medical Quiz: Single Best Answer (SBA) Vol.9(1)
Authors: Ahmed Jamal Uddin
Published: January 2019

Abstract not available

Birdem Med J 2019; 9(1): 96
From the Desk of Executive Editor Vol.9(1)
Authors: Uddin Khwaja Nazim
Published: January 2019

Abstract not available

Birdem Med J 2019; 9(1): 97
Birdem News Vol. 9(1)
Authors: Uddin Khwaja Nazim
Published: January 2019

Abstract not available

Birdem Med J 2019; 9(1): 98
Medical Quiz: SBA – Answers Vol.9(1)
Authors: Uddin Khwaja Nazim
Published: January 2019

Abstract not available

Birdem Med J 2019; 9(1): 100
Liver dialysis: a bridge to liver transplantation or regeneration
Authors: Yasmeen BH Nazma
Published: January 2019

Abstract not available

Northern International Medical College Journal Vol.10(1) Jul 2018: 324-325