bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Encouraging altruistic user-generated content in gamified review platforms
Authors: Buil Isabel , Catalán Sara , Oliveira Tiago
Published: December 2024

Purpose

This study proposes and tests a model to analyse whether achievement, social and immersion motivational affordances embedded in gamified review platforms motivate consumers to altruistically create content in the post-consumption stage.

Design/methodology/approach

We used data from a sample of 343 reviewers and employed SmartPLS to test the research model.

Findings

Findings revealed that, while achievement affordances (i.e. points, levels and badges) have no significant effect, immersion affordances (i.e. avatars) and more especially, social affordances (i.e. receiving helpful votes from readers and having followers) are key for review platforms, as they drive consumers to develop pure, reciprocal and competitive forms of altruism, which, in turn, motivate them to create content.

Research limitations/implications

This study examines the antecedents and consequences of altruistic purpose in the context of gamified review platforms by proposing research questions aimed at eliciting the effects of achievement, social and immersion affordances on altruism, and by providing the first empirical evidence for these paths.

Practical implications

This study provides practical guidance on how review platforms can implement social and immersion affordances to foster altruism and, ultimately, promote user-generated content in the form of comments, photos and videos.

Originality/value

To the best of the authors’ knowledge, the current study is the first to develop a model to predict whether gamification affordances promote forms of altruism that result in user-generated content. The findings will improve practitioners’ strategies by focussing on social and immersion motivational affordances.
Why project success in manufacturing digitalization remains elusive: charting the way forward
Authors: Clausen Pernille Agerskov , Clausen Johan Bjerre Bach , Lassen Astrid Heidemann , Henriksen Benjamin
Published: December 2024

Purpose

There is substantial evidence that Industry 4.0-enabled manufacturing projects frequently encounter slow progress or failure due to organizational misalignment. This paper demonstrates the relevance of adopting a socio-technical approach when engaging in such projects.

Design/methodology/approach

A single embedded case study was conducted in a large wind turbine manufacturer, analyzing 42 digital manufacturing projects from 2018 to 2023 using interviews and surveys. A descriptive analysis identified patterns in successful projects, and hypotheses concerning relationships between variables were evaluated through regression analysis. In terms of theoretical conceptualization, the study adopts a socio-technical lens.

Findings

The study reveals relevant and targeted aspects for developing a socio-technical approach to guide the implementation of digital manufacturing projects. Our findings demonstrate that digital manufacturing projects exhibit diverse socio-technical configurations, each involving various social variables that contribute to project success. Through our proposed approach, we demonstrate how applying this framework can reveal patterns that drive project success.

Originality/value

This study represents one of the initial efforts to clarify an approach for evaluating diverse socio-technical project configurations by demonstrating it in a real-world context.
Role of public libraries in the dissemination of information to rural dwellers in Kogi State, Nigeria
Authors: Yahaya Dauda Oseni , Oladokun Bolaji David , Owolabi Kehinde Abayomi , Aboyade Wahab Akanmu , Yemi-Peters Oladimeji Eyitayo , Jibrin Yakubu Azaki , Omale Ayefu Ibn , Salihu Ayira Muhammed , Seidu Abdulfatai Enehe , Abdulkareem Oyibo Mohammed
Published: December 2024

Purpose

Public libraries serve as critical institutions for disseminating information, particularly in rural areas where access to educational and economic resources is limited. The study examined the role of public libraries in the dissemination of information to rural dwellers in Kogi State, Nigeria. It aims to identify services offered, user satisfaction levels, contributions to information access, methods of dissemination and challenges faced by public libraries in fulfilling their mandate.

Design/methodology/approach

The study employed a descriptive survey research method. The questionnaire was used as a data collection instrument. The population of the study comprised 2,620 registered members of public libraries of Kogi State, Nigeria. Proportionate stratified sample random sampling was used to select 262 members of the library for questionnaire administration.

Findings

The study found that public libraries are only providing effective services in the areas of agricultural information, health and political information while leaving aside other germane services that have the wherewithal to facilitate sustainable development in all facets of life. Challenges such as epileptic power supply, unstable internet access and subscription to illiteracy on the part of community members, inadequate materials in local languages and poor funding, among others, are still depriving effective dissemination of information to rural dwellers in Kogi State.

Originality/value

The study recommended, among others things that public library boards should broaden their service portfolios to include more career information, bookmobile services and current awareness programs. These services are essential for empowering rural dwellers with the knowledge required to navigate modern socioeconomic landscapes. More so, the findings of this study have profound implications for public librarianship in Nigeria, particularly in the context of practice, policy and future research. In addition, the study contributes to literature, policy and practice and provides fresh data on the role of public libraries in the dissemination of information to rural dwellers in Nigeria.
Multifunctional benefits of organic farming and hedgerow density
Authors: Vandendriessche Jari , De Frenne Pieter , Eeraerts Maxime
Published: December 2024

Research Highlight discussing: Boinot, S., Alignier, A., Aviron, S., Bertrand, C., Cheviron, N., Comment, G., Jeavons, E., Le Lann, C., Mondy, S., Mougin, C., Précigout, P.‐A., Ricono, C., Robert, C., Saias, G., Vandenkoornhuyse, P., & Mony, C. (2024). Organic farming and semi‐natural habitats for multifunctional agriculture: A case study in hedgerow landscapes of Brittany. Journal of Applied Ecology, https://doi.org/10.1111/1365‐2664.14825. Agricultural expansion and intensification are key drivers of biodiversity loss. In search of more sustainable ways to produce food and conserve biodiversity in agricultural landscapes, the benefit of multiple local‐ and landscape‐scale measures, and their interaction, has received a lot of attention. Yet to date few studies take on a holistic view and simultaneously evaluate multiple functions and benefits provided by these measures. In their multifunctionality assessment, Boinot et al. (2024) show that adoption of organic management as local‐scale measure in winter cereals have positive effects on biodiversity, ecosystem functioning and economic performance, in spite of the significantly reduced food production. More hedgerow density resulted in some benefits, but clear interactions between organic management and hedgerow density in the wider landscape were rare and depended on the evaluated spatial scale. We argue that more taxa, functions and focus crops should be included in future studies. In addition, assessing a broader gradient in hedgerow density, and including other types of semi‐natural habitat such as road verges, small forest patches and semi‐natural grasslands, can lead to identification of more clear synergies between local‐ and landscape‐scale measures. In sum, the study of Boinot et al. (2024) provides a compelling example of assessing how local and landscape‐scale measures mediate multiple benefits.
Values in the Valence Election: Fragmentation and the 2024 General Election
Authors: Surridge Paula
Published: December 2024

The 2024 general election delivered a verdict on an unpopular Conservative government, a valence election where the key motivation was to remove a government seen as failing. But this is not a full account of the voting choices of the British public. The rise of ‘second dimension’ politics and the associated value positions within the public have driven a fragmentation of the electorate. This, combined with multiparty competition, leads to complex patterns of party support across the electorate. This fragmentation explains the volatility in recent elections and the relative success of ‘third’ parties and independent candidates. It explains why, in a valence election, there was not a simple transfer of votes between alternative governing parties. This fragmentation poses electoral and policy challenges for all political parties and will have important implications for British politics over the next parliamentary cycle and beyond.
Reduced brain network segregation in alcohol use disorder: Associations with neurocognition
Authors: Wang Xinying , Manza Peter , Li Xinyi , Ramos‐Rolón Astrid , Hager Nathan , Wang Gene‐Jack , Volkow Nora D. , Hu Yuzheng , Shi Zhenhao , Wiers Corinde E.
Published: December 2024

The human brain consists of functionally segregated networks, characterized by strong connections among regions belonging to the same network and weak connections between those of different networks. Alcohol use disorder (AUD) is associated with premature brain aging and neurocognitive impairments. Given the link between decreased brain network segregation and age‐related cognitive decline, we hypothesized lower brain segregation in patients with AUD than healthy controls (HCs). Thirty AUD patients (9 females, 21 males) and 61 HCs (35 females, 26 males) underwent resting‐state functional MRI (rs‐fMRI), whose data were processed to assess segregation within the brain sensorimotor and association networks. We found that, compared to HCs, AUD patients had significantly lower segregation in both brain networks as well as poorer performance on a spatial working memory task. In the HC group, brain network segregation correlated negatively with age and positively with spatial working memory. Our findings suggest reduced brain network segregation in individuals with AUD that may contribute to cognitive impairment and is consistent with premature brain aging in this population.
Vertebrate diversity and biomass along a recovery gradient in a lowland tropical forest
Authors: Grella Nina , Pedersen Karen , Blüthgen Nico , Busse Annika , Donoso David A. , Falconí‐López Ana , Fiderer Christian , Heurich Marco , de la Hoz Maria , Kriegel Peter , Newell Felicity L. , Püls Marcel , Rabl Dominik , Schäfer H. Martin , Seibold Sebastian , Tremlett Constance J. , Feldhaar Heike , Müller Jörg
Published: December 2024

Deforestation of tropical forests have resulted in extensive areas of secondary forests with the potential to restore biodiversity to former old‐growth forest levels. The recovery of vertebrate communities is an essential component of biodiversity and ecosystem restoration, as vertebrates provide key ecosystem functions. However, little is known about the recovery trajectories and habitat preferences of vertebrates in tropical landscapes with differing land‐use legacies. We used camera traps covering 3 weeks to study the activity of ground‐based mammals and birds in the understory of 57 sites along a forest recovery gradient, ranging from active agriculture, such as pastures and cacao plantations, to naturally recovering forests and old‐growth forests in the Chocó rainforest in north‐western Ecuador. Our results show that diversity and biomass of wild vertebrates are highest in old‐growth forests and late recovery stages, while for domestic vertebrates, these indices are highest in agricultural land. Additionally, while species‐habitat networks showed low habitat specificity for vertebrate species, an indicator species analysis found no species to indicate old‐growth forests, Dasyprocta punctata and Tayassu pecari to indicate all forest types, and Aramides wolfi and Pecari tajacu to indicate late regeneration forests. We suggest that these patterns are caused by a high habitat connectivity and large amounts of remaining old‐growth forest in our study area. Our findings indicate that secondary forests have a high potential for the recovery of vertebrate species diversity and biomass to old‐growth level in lowland tropical forests with short regeneration times.

Abstract in Spanish is available with online material.
Interorganisational emergency management coordination challenges in a resource‐scarce environment: a case study of El Salvador post COVID‐19
Authors: Rivera Jason D. , Quick Kenneth , Herrera Ernesto , Sung Hung‐En , Ortiz Karla Escobar
Published: December 2024

The COVID‐19 (coronavirus disease 2019) pandemic pinpointed the vulnerability of nations to disasters regardless of their relative level of development. The coordination of their emergency management response organisations was seen as extremely important in not only dealing with the global health emergency, but also with respect to natural hazards and public health threats in the future. Coming to these conclusions and working to enhance a country's coordination of emergency management actors are, however, two very different things. Using El Salvador in the aftermath of the COVID‐19 pandemic as a case study, this research observes the various coordination issues indicative of emergency management organisations and practices in a resource‐scarce environment in order to develop recommendations for enhancing coordination during forthcoming events. Through an analysis of public documents and 15 executive‐level key informant interviews with government and emergency management officials, coordination challenges are identified and a number of suggestions for policy are provided.
Switching from natalizumab to antiCD20 monoclonal antibodies: Short transition interval is associated with improved outcome
Authors: Bsteh Gabriel , Hoepner Robert , Gernert Jonathan A. , Berek Klaus , Gradl Christiane , Kliushnikova Dariia , Damulina Anna , Traxler Gerhard , Föttinger Fabian , Habernig Sebastian , Krajnc Nik , Betancourt Alejandro Xavier León , Ponleitner Markus , Zrzavy Tobias , Deisenhammer Florian , Di Pauli Franziska , Havla Joachim , Khalil Michael , Kümpfel Tania , Wipfler Peter , Chan Andrew , Berger Thomas , Hammer Helly , Hegen Harald
Published: December 2024

Objective

To investigate the impact of transition interval length when switching from natalizumab (NTZ) to anti‐CD20 monoclonal antibodies (antiCD20) on recurrent disease activity and safety in relapsing multiple sclerosis (RMS).

Methods

Aggregating data from 8 MS centres in Austria, Switzerland, and Germany, we included RMS patients who (i) continuously received NTZ for ≥3 months, (ii) were switched to antiCD20, and (iii) had ≥12 months follow‐up after switch. The primary endpoint was occurrence of relapse after switch, secondary endpoints included severe infections (CTCAE grade ≥3).

Results

Overall, 139 RMS patients were included (70.5% females, mean age at switch 38.8 years [SD 9.7], mean disease duration at switch 11.3 years [SD 6.2], median duration on NTZ 4.4 years [range: 0.3–16.4], median transition interval 58 days [0–180]). Relapse occurred in 18 patients (12.9%) after NTZ discontinuation. Of those, 11 (61.1%) patients relapsed during the transition interval. No patient with a transition interval below 30 days experienced a relapse, compared to 11.1% and 16.1% with transition intervals of 30–44 days and ≥ 45 days, respectively. In multivariable Cox regression, a transition interval ≥ 45 days predicted a 4.73‐fold increased risk of relapse. Over approximately 4 years of follow‐up, six severe infections were reported without any noticeable effect of transition interval length. No PML occurred.

Conclusions

Switching from NTZ to antiCD20 is generally both effective and safe. Keeping the transition interval below 30 days provides the optimal balance between preventing recurrent disease activity and ensuring safety.
Policy work as a health librarianship role
Authors: Carlyle Ruth
Published: December 2024

Health librarians and knowledge specialists are well placed to make the most of policy work to develop and embed health libraries and information services. Search and evidence summary skills allow staff to identify existing policies that can be of benefit to health library services, respond to policy consultations and develop policies. This editorial introduces the importance of policy work to health library and information services and how policy can be used as a lever for change. It also provides practical tips on where to start in identifying relevant policies, policy consultations and developing policies for health libraries and information services.
The clinicopathological and molecular features of primary high‐grade neuroendocrine tumour in the breast
Authors: Hong Ruping , Wang Hao , Lin Yan , Yin Xianglin , Fang Jiuyuan , Pang Junyi , Chen Longyun , Wu Huanwen , Liang Zhiyong
Published: December 2024

Aims

Nottingham grade for breast cancers, rather than gastro‐entero‐pancreatic (GEP) grade for neuroendocrine tumours (NETs), is currently applied to primary breast NETs, which need further clarification. High‐grade NETs in breast also remain poorly recognised.

Methods and results

Among 595 breast carcinomas with diffuse synaptophysin (Syn) or chromogranin A (CgA) immunostaining (≥ 90%), 197 eligible cases were selected, including 69 NETs, 123 invasive breast carcinomas of no special type (IBC‐NSTs) and five neuroendocrine carcinomas (NECs). The prognostic significance of these two grading systems in breast NETs was assessed. Furthermore, the clinicopathological features were compared in Nottingham G3 cases among three entities. Targeted sequencing and immunostaining (INSM1/p53/Rb/p16) were also performed in all Nottingham G3 NETs, NECs and 10 Nottingham G3 IBC‐NSTs. All Nottingham G3 NETs (9 of 69, 13.0%) fell into GEP G3 cases (20 of 69, 29.0%). Nottingham grade provided better prognostic discrimination between G1/G2 and G3 NETs than GEP grade. Among Nottingham G3 cases, there was a trend towards reduced progression‐free survival (PFS) in NETs compared with IBC‐NSTs (P = 0.057), and the former were more often immunoreactive for INSM1 (44.4 versus 0%, P = 0.033). Nottingham G3 NETs were all of luminal‐like phenotype (P < 0.001) and exhibited less aberrant p53 patterns (11.1 versus 80.0%, P = 0.023) as well as more favourable PFS (P = 0.012) and disease‐specific survival (P = 0.002) than NECs. Rb loss (4 of 5, 80%), p16 overexpression (5 of 5, 100%) and RB1 mutation (2 of 5, 40%) were observed exclusively in NECs. Based on expression data, epithelial–mesenchymal transition and KRAS signalling pathways were significantly up‐regulated in Nottingham G3 NETs (P < 0.05).

Conclusions

Nottingham grade, rather than GEP grade, holds important prognostic significance in primary breast NETs. Nottingham G3 NETs represent a small proportion of breast NETs, and may demonstrate distinct clinicopathological and molecular features from other high‐grade breast carcinomas with diffuse neuroendocrine markers expression.
Faking in Self‐Report Personality Scales: A Qualitative Analysis and Taxonomy of the Behaviors That Constitute Faking Strategies
Authors: Röhner Jessica , Schütz Astrid , Ziegler Matthias
Published: December 2024

Faking in self‐report personality scales (SRPSs) is not sufficiently understood. This limits its detection and prevention. Here, we introduce a taxonomy of faking behaviors that constitute faking strategies in SRPSs, reflecting the stages (comprehension, retrieval, judgment, and response) of the general response process model (GRPM). We reanalyzed data from two studies investigating the faking of high and low scores on Extraversion (E) and Need for Cognition (NFC) scales (Data Set 1; N = 305) or on an E scale (Data Set 2; N = 251). Participants were asked to explain exactly what they did to fake, and their responses (N = 533) were examined via a qualitative content analysis. The resulting taxonomy included 22 global and 13 specific behaviors that (in combination) constitute faking strategies in SRPSs. We organized the behaviors into four clusters along the stages of the GRPM. The behaviors held irrespective of the construct (E or NFC), and with two exceptions, also irrespective of the data set (Data Sets 1 or 2). Eight exceptions concerning faking direction (high or low) indicate direction‐specific differences in faking behaviors. Respondents reported using not only different faking behaviors (e.g., role‐playing, behaviors to avoid being detected) but also multiple combinations thereof. The suggested taxonomy is necessarily limited to the specified context, and, thus, additional faking behaviors are possible. To fully understand faking, further research in other contexts should be conducted to complement the taxonomy. Still, the complexity shown here explains why adequate detection and prevention of faking in SRPSs is so challenging.
Chronic administration of H2‐antagonists does not alter gastric secretory responses to histamine, or the antisecretory activity of sufotidine
Authors: Stables R. , Humphray J.M. , Reeves J. J.
Published: December 2024

Gastric secretory responses to histamine were investigated in anaesthetized dogs following treatment with oral ranitidine at 5 mg/kg twice daily for 358 weeks, and in isolated gastric mucosae from mice receiving sufotidine 240–280 mg. kg/day for 15 months. In neither study were there any significant differences between the acid secretory dose‐response curves to histamine in control and test animals. The anti‐secretory activity of oral sufotidine (1 mg/kg) against histamine‐induced acid secretion in the Heidenhain pouch dog was unaltered by twice daily dosing with sufotidine for 14 days. These studies on the effects of H2‐antagonists on histamine‐stimulated acid secretion found no evidence for development of direct tolerance at the parietal H2‐receptor level.
Intravenous pentagastrin can induce the illusion of ‘tolerance’ to a single dose of an H2‐blocker in man
Authors: Nwokolo C. U. , Sawyerr A. , Smith J. T. L. , Pounder R. E.
Published: December 2024

In a double‐blind study of Latin square design, twelve healthy male subjects were dosed with combinations of ranitidine 300 mg or placebo (at 08.50 hours) and intravenous pentagastrin (0.6 µg. kg/h) or 0. 9% saline (07.00–18.00 hours). Breakfast and lunch were served at 08.15 and 13.15 hours, respectively; hourly intragastric acidity and plasma gastrin concentration were measured from 08.00‐18.00 hours.

During oral dosing with placebo, intravenous pentagastrin raised median 10‐h integrated intragastric acidity (315 to 615 pmol. h/L; P < 0.001) and lowered gastrin (86 to 55 mmol. h/L; P < 0.001). During oral dosing with ranitidine 300 mg, compared with intravenous saline, the pentagastrin infusion returned acidity towards normal (67 to 293 pmol. h/L; P < 0.001) and lowered gastrin (209 to 135 pmol. h/L; P < 0.001).

This study demonstrates that a continuous pentagastrin infusion can overcome H2‐blockade and return intragastric acidity towards normal. Hypergastrinaemia observed during continued dosing with an H2‐blocket may be the mechanism for the development of tolerance.
Line‐field confocal optical coherence tomography coupled with artificial intelligence algorithms as tool to investigate wound healing: A prospective, randomized, single‐blinded pilot study
Authors: del Río‐Sancho Sergio , Christen‐Zaech Stephanie , Martinez David Alvarez , Pünchera Jöri , Guerrier Stéphane , Laubach Hans J.
Published: December 2024

Background

Ablative fractional photothermolysis serves as an excellent in vivo model for studying wound healing. The advent of non‐invasive imaging devices, such as line‐field confocal optical coherence tomography (LC‐OCT), enhances this model by enabling detailed monitoring of skin wound healing over time. Additionally, artificial intelligence (AI)‐based algorithms are revolutionizing the evaluation of clinical images by providing detailed analyses that are unfeasible manually.

Objectives

This study aims to assess the value of combining LC‐OCT and AI for evaluating the acute wound healing process in the skin.

Methods

The forearms of participating volunteers were ablated with a CO2 laser in a fractional pattern (7.5 mJ/MTZ) (ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT05614557). To induce observable wound healing differences, two different approved silicone‐based formulations were randomly assigned to two test sites, with a third site left untreated. In vivo LC‐OCT images were obtained at predefined intervals post‐laser treatment, ranging from 1 to 7 days. These images were further analysed using AI algorithms.

Results

LC‐OCT visualization allows for the characterization of the structural reorganization of the skin during wound healing. The additional integration of AI algorithms significantly enhances the evaluation of the efficacy of wound care interventions by providing a deeper understanding of how these interventions improve wound healing. This is particularly valuable for primary care providers and dermatologists, as AI algorithms have proven useful in observing, characterizing and understanding keratinocyte behaviour.

Conclusions

The combination of AI and high‐resolution imaging represents a promising tool for better understanding wound healing, evaluating the efficacy of current wound care interventions and analysing keratinocyte behaviour in detail during the wound healing process.

ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier

NCT05614557.
Loop‐Mediated Isothermal Amplification Combined With Lateral‐Flow Dipstick for Detection of Centrocestus formosanus in Ornamental Fish
Authors: Sabaijai Metawee , Tejangkura Thanawan , Chontananarth Thapana
Published: December 2024

The minute intestinal trematode Centrocestus formosanus is a major problem that can be found in the gills of various fish species. This parasite can destroy the gill structure of fish, leading to increased fish morbidity and mortality rates. In this study, loop‐mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) based on the internal transcript spacer 1 region combined with a lateral‐flow dipstick (LAMP‐LFD) assay was used to detect C. formosanus in goldfish, Carassius auratus. The results showed that LAMP‐LFD was specific to C. formosanus and had no cross‐amplification with other co‐infecting parasite species, close related parasite species or their hosts (both intermediate host and definitive host). The limit of detection is as low as one metacercaria per gill. In testing 40 goldfish gill samples, the LAMP‐LFD method showed 100% accuracy when compared to traditional morphological identification. This method can be used as a rapid diagnostic tool for C. formosanus detection to obtain epidemiological information for monitoring, controlling, and preventing outbreaks of this parasite.
Elevated Fecal Biomarkers of Colo‐Rectal Epithelial Cell Activity in Irritable Bowel Syndrome
Authors: Venge Per , Tejera Valeria Castro , Petersson Christer , Xu Shengyuan , Larsson Anders , Simrén Magnus , Öhman Lena , Törnblom Hans
Published: December 2024

Background

Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a common functional gastro‐intestinal disorder characterized by discomfort with constipation and/or diarrhea with unclear pathophysiology. We aimed to determine the activities of colorectal eosinophils, neutrophils and epithelial cells by biomarkers in feces reflecting these activities.

Methods

Fecal samples were collected from 185 patients with IBS before and after 8 weeks of placebo or mesalazine treatment and from 40 healthy subjects. Calprotectin, eosinophil derived neurotoxin (EDN), eosinophil cationic protein (ECP), human neutrophil lipocalin (HNL) (pab/765) or dimer, human phospholipase BII‐precursor (HPLBII‐P) and myeloperoxidase (MPO) were measured by ELISA. Symptom scores were evaluated by diaries.

Results

HPLBII‐P, HNL (pab/765) and EDN, proteins secreted by intestinal epithelial cells, were elevated in IBS patients as compared to healthy subjects (p < 0.0001–p = 0.008). In contrast, the neutrophil proteins calprotectin, MPO and HNL dimer were unaltered. The eosinophilic protein ECP was lower in IBS (p = 0.001). HNL (pab/765) (p = 0.01) and EDN (p = 0.004) increased in IBS patients after mesalazine treatment. Colo‐rectal mucosa showed strong staining of HPLBII‐P and western blotting of fecal extracts showed the presence of mainly monomeric, epithelial‐associated HNL.

Conclusions

The absence of signs of involvement of neutrophils and eosinophils in IBS suggests that activity of local epithelial cells rather than inflammation may be a major determinant of the disease. The measurements of EDN, HNL (pab/765), and HPLBII‐P may serve as potential fecal biomarkers in the study and monitoring of IBS.
Gamification From Below as by Form of Resistance: Algorithm Control, Precarity, and Resistance Dynamic of Indonesian Gig Workers
Authors: Novianto Arif
Published: December 2024

In the digital gig economy, algorithms serve as primary tools for controlling workers within the labor process. One form of this control is through gamification, which aims to align labor supply with consumer demand, encourage quality service, and enforce worker discipline. This study surveyed of 662 couriers or gig workers in Gojek's Gosend Sameday service. Findings of this study show that Gosend Sameday drivers receive low pay and lack social protection. In light of these precarious conditions, Gojek builds the gamification scheme to incentivize hard work. In responding to the gamification created unilaterally by Gojek (gamification from above), many drivers rejected it. Resistance manifests in two forms: infrapolitics and collective resistance. Infrapolitics is part of the weapon of the weak, which is carried out by rejecting unsatisfactory orders, voicing complaints on social media, and exploiting loopholes in the Gojek driver application. Conversely, collective resistance was carried out with mass actions, strikes, picketing, organizing, and forming unions to build gamification from below. This study contributes to the understanding of how infrapolitics can inadvertently consent to platform capitalism hegemonic regime, suggesting that while drivers may it rejects gamification, the platform continues to influence labor dynamics. Collective resistance, on the other hand, challenges gamification from above and attempts to build gamification from below to create a fairer labor environment for platform drivers.
Genetic Mapping of the Powdery Mildew Resistance Gene Pm13 on Oat (Avena sativa) Chromosome 1D
Authors: Schurack Selma , Beuch Steffen , Cowan Sandy , Griffiths Irene , Lunzer Magdalena , Morales Laura , Tudor Sara , Buerstmayr Hermann , Howarth Catherine J. , Tinker Nicholas A. , Herrmann Matthias H.
Published: December 2024

Powdery mildew, caused by the biotrophic fungus Blumeria graminis DC. f. sp. avenae, is a widespread disease of oats, especially in the temperate regions of Western and Central Europe, and the use of resistant varieties is the most sustainable way to ensure stable yields. Therefore, the identification of robust and effective resistance to powdery mildew is of great interest for oat breedinpg. In contrast to race‐specific resistance genes, adult plant resistance (APR) is generally considered to be more durable. The oat variety ‘Firth’, as well as related varieties such as ‘Husky’ or ‘Flämingstip’, contains an unknown APR gene, which was previously located on chromosome 1D using DArT markers. The aim of this study was to confirm and refine the chromosomal location of this resistance gene, tentatively named Pm13. To this end, two independent experiments were carried out using different genetic material under natural infection conditions in the field: genome‐wide association mapping (GWAS) in a diverse set of 250 oat lines grown in 10 environments and QTL mapping in a HuskyxAVE1284 biparental population grown in three environments. Both approaches identified a QTL for powdery mildew resistance on the distal end of chromosome 1D in the hexaploid Sang oat genome. The locus explained up to 15% of the phenotypic variance in GWAS and 64% of the phenotypic variance in QTL mapping. Comparison of field data with results from laboratory leaf segment tests confirmed that Pm13 does indeed confer APR. The sequence information of the identified linked markers may allow the development of molecular markers useful for early selection of oat lines with high levels of APR.
Underappreciated Effects of Delayed Graft Function in Pediatric Kidney Transplantation
Authors: Peticca Benjamin , Khalil Ibrahim Y. , Robinson Samuel G. , Prudencio Tomas M. , Inlaw Christopher , Majeethia Heli , Di Carlo Antonio , Karhadkar Sunil S.
Published: December 2024

Purpose

In kidney transplantation (KT), delayed graft function (DGF) is associated with worse outcomes. However, it is unclear what effect DGF plays in long‐term survival compared to the impact of the various transplant, donor, and recipient risk factors associated with DGF. This study aims to determine the effect of DGF alone on long‐term survival in pediatric deceased donor kidney transplant recipients (DDKTRs).

Methods

Using a national database, 1728 pediatric patients who received a kidney transplant between 1994 and 2009 (n = 978) and 2010 and 2022 (n = 750) were identified. Cases and controls were matched by DGF status for transplant date, cold ischemia time, distance from the transplant center, HLA mismatch level, PRA, KDPI, recipient and donor age, BMI, sex assigned at birth, and ethnicity. Kaplan–Meier curves were analyzed with a log‐rank test. Pearson's chi‐squared tests were used to compare survival proportions between groups at time benchmarks.

Results

Pediatric DDKTRs with DGF had worse graft (p < 0.001) and patient (p < 0.001) survival compared to non‐DGF patients in both eras. Between 1994 and 2009, graft survival rates were lower in the DGF cohort at 1 (p < 0.001), 3 (p < 0.001), 5 (p < 0.001), and 10 years (p = 0.010). Patient survival rates were lower in the DGF cohort at 1 (p = 0.017) and 5 years (p = 0.019) post‐DDKT. There was no difference in 3 (p = 0.071) and 10‐year patient survival rates (p = 0.141). Between 2010 and 2022, graft and patient survival rates were lower in the DGF cohort at 1, 3, 5, and 10 years (all p < 0.001). There was no difference in rates of retransplantation (p = 0.307 and p = 0.771) between groups for either era.

Conclusions

DGF alone is associated with worse outcomes in pediatric DDKTRs. DGF should be taken seriously, especially in cases where pediatric DDKTRs do not possess known, attributable risk factors for DGF.
Change in Allocation Pattern of Pediatric Deceased Donor Kidneys Following the Implementation of a New Allocation Policy With Pediatric Priority in Korea
Authors: Lee Sanghoon , Lee Kyo Won , Park Jae Berm
Published: December 2024

Background

The Organ Transplantation Act of Korea was amended to state that kidneys from deceased donors under age 19 (previously age 11) must be initially allocated to a waitlisted patient under age 19. The aim of this study was to analyze the change in allocation pattern of kidneys from pediatric donors following implementation of the new policy.

Methods

Data from the Korean Network for Organ Sharing database included donor and recipient information of kidney transplants from pediatric donors from October 2014 to September 2020.

Results

There were 2958 deceased donors. One hundred and sixty‐three were under age 19 (163/2958, 5.5%). The study period was divided into two periods: Before policy change and after policy change. A total of 256 kidneys from 163 pediatric donors were allocated to waitlist patients. The proportion of kidneys allocated to recipients under age 19 was significantly higher after policy change (59/65, 90.8%) compared to before policy change (28/191, 14.7%, p < 0.01), with the increase most prominent in recipients aged 11–18 years. Mean time on the waitlist for all pediatric recipients of kidneys from pediatric deceased donors was 545.5 days before the change and 922.0 days after the change (p = 0.02). Mean time on the waitlist for recipients aged 1–10 years was not significantly different and that of recipients aged 11–18 years increased from 801.1 days to 1017.4 days.

Conclusion

A sharp increase in proportion of pediatric kidney recipients from pediatric donors was observed following implementation of amended allocation policy in October 2018.
Litter removal increases plant diversity by promoting both native and exotic forbs in heavily invaded coastal sage scrub in Southern California, U.S.A.
Authors: Ramachandran Advyth , Iwanaga Caryn D. , Fugate Michael , Huxley Jared D. , Rose‐Person Annika , Amatya Rhea , Bui Thuy‐Tien , Spasojevic Marko J.
Published: December 2024

Litter produced by exotic grasses is known to negatively impact native species through multiple mechanisms. While litter removal is a potential restoration tool to recover native species, the effects of litter removal on overall plant community structure are not well understood as most studies focus on native species recovery. In a litter removal experiment in Southern California, U.S.A., we found that plant communities receiving litter removal treatment differed in species composition from control plots and had 4.4% higher native forb relative abundance and 7.0% higher exotic forb relative abundance, on average. These changes in exotic and native forb abundance with litter removal altered community structure by increasing overall Shannon diversity, while only having a modest positive effect on overall species richness. In contrast, we found no effect of litter removal on the species richness or Shannon diversity of native species. Taken together, these findings suggest that in herbaceous systems litter removal is likely to alter community composition primarily by increasing the abundance of native and exotic forbs already present in the community, rather than by allowing the establishment of new native species. Our study adds to a growing body of literature demonstrating that litter produced by exotic grasses inhibits native forbs in California grasslands and coastal sage scrub and highlights a potential trade‐off between controlling exotic grass invaders and controlling exotic forb invaders. If managing for increased species diversity is the goal, litter removal may be an appropriate intervention to move plant communities toward a more diverse state.
“Branching” with woody debris as a multipurpose restoration tool in an overgrazed arid landscape
Authors: Neilly Heather , Cale Peter , O'Sullivan Jackie
Published: December 2024

The restoration of arid landscapes impacted by historical overgrazing can be complex and may require active, multifaceted interventions, particularly where an ecosystem has shifted to an alternate state. Woody debris is naturally present in many ecosystems, enhancing ecosystem function, and its addition is used as a restoration intervention in overgrazed landscapes to restore ecological function. We applied 13,500 m2 of structurally complex coarse woody debris made up of leaves, branches, and twigs (known as “branching”) across 15 sites within three different vegetation communities of varying degradation (erosion scalds, chenopod shrublands, and black box woodlands) in a semiarid floodplain in southern Australia. Using a Before/After, Control/Impact design, we quantified the impact of branching on vegetation cover and composition and small reptile and mammal abundance and richness for 4 years after treatment application. We found that branching facilitated the recovery of vegetation, most effectively on erosion scalds, the most degraded vegetation community, with a 20% increase in cover and more than triple the plant species richness. In black box woodlands, plant species richness more than doubled in branched plots. Reptile abundance and richness increased in branched plots but only 4 years after application, and mammals were not strongly associated with the addition of woody debris. Our study provides experimental evidence for the use of complex woody debris as a multipurpose restoration tool to facilitate vegetation recovery and provide habitat for small vertebrates. This technique is effective in drylands, where active restoration interventions are risky and prone to failure.
Results on left–right Artin approximation for algebraic morphisms and for analytic morphisms of weakly‐finite singularity type
Authors: Kerner Dmitry
Published: December 2024

The classical Artin approximation (AP) reads: any formal solution of a system of (analytic, resp., algebraic) equations of implicit function type is approximated by “ordinary” solutions (i.e., analytic, resp., algebraic). Morphisms of scheme‐germs, for example, , are usually studied up to the left–right equivalence. The natural question is the left–right version of AP: when is the formal left–right equivalence of morphisms approximated by the “ordinary” (i.e., analytic, resp., algebraic) equivalence? In this case, the standard AP is not directly applicable, as the involved (functional) equations are not of implicit function type. Moreover, the naive extension does not hold in the analytic case, because of Osgood–Gabrielov–Shiota examples. The left–right version of Artin approximation (.AP) was established by M. Shiota for morphisms that are either Nash or [real‐analytic and of finite singularity type]. We establish .AP and its stronger version of Płoski (.APP) for , where are analytic/algebraic germs of schemes of any characteristic. More precisely:

.AP, .APP, the inverse AP (and its Płoski's version) hold for algebraic morphisms and for finite analytic morphisms;

.AP holds for analytic morphisms of weakly‐finite singularity type. (For we impose certain integrability condition.)

This latter class of morphisms of “weakly‐finite singularity type” (which we introduce) is of separate importance. It extends naturally the traditional class of morphisms of “finite singularity type,” while preserving their nonpathological behavior. The definition goes via the higher critical loci and higher discriminants of morphisms with singular targets. We establish basic properties of these critical loci. In particular, any map is finitely (right) determined by its higher critical loci.
Complete genome sequence of
Capnocytophaga
strain ARDL2 from human blood infection
Authors: Victorsen Alec , Ellison Aidan , Kubiak Jeffrey , Ferrieri Patricia , Thyagarajan Bharat , Hilt Evann E.
Published: December 2024

This paper describes the genome assembly of a
Capnocytophaga
strain ARDL2 isolated from a human blood infection. The genome assembly comprised one circular chromosome with the length of 2,439,195 bp with a G+C content of 34.81%.
Dynamic Evolutionary Game of Knowledge-Sharing Willingness Among Enterprises in Cluster Innovation Network: Considering the Network Structure
Authors: Kong Xiaodan , Ma Ran , Chu Xiaolin , Ye Xunan
Published: December 2024

Knowledge-sharing behavior based on cluster innovation network has become the primary way for enterprises to achieve sustainable innovation. The willingness of enterprises to share knowledge is a dynamic evolutionary game, supplemented by their periodic evaluations of changes in the network structure and strategic optimization based on game payoffs. An evolutionary game model is constructed to determine which network structure enables enterprises to attain the highest willingness to share knowledge. The results show the following: (1) The scale-free network exhibits the most significant influence on enhancing enterprises’ willingness to share knowledge, followed by small-world, random, and regular networks. In addition, the scale-free network demonstrates the slowest rate of evolutionary equilibrium. (2) The more apparent the agglomeration and community structure within a network, the greater the likelihood that enterprises will adopt knowledge-sharing strategy. (3) Compared to the network structure with smaller communities, larger communities can enhance enterprises’ willingness. However, larger communities cannot be substituted by an equivalent number of smaller communities, even if they contain the same number of enterprises. The network evolutionary mechanism will be clarified, contributing to the optimization of network structure and the promotion of knowledge-sharing collaboration among enterprises, which facilitates cluster innovation.
Analysis of Volleyball Tactics and Movements Based on 3D Spatio-Temporal Residual Network
Authors: Ma Bingkui
Published: December 2024

Sports technology and 3D motion recognition require models to be able to accurately identify athletes’ movements, which is crucial for training analysis, game strategy development and refereeing assistance decisions. To maintain a high recognition rate under different competition scenes, different athlete styles and different environmental conditions, and to ensure the practicality and reliability of the model, two independent 3D convolutional neural networks are applied to construct the action recognition model of Two-stream 3D Residual Networks. According to the temporal-spatial characteristics of human movements in video, the model introduces attention mechanism and combines time dimension to build a Two-stream 3D Residual Networks action recognition model integrating time-channel attention. The average accuracy of Top-1 and Top-5 action recognition models of Two-stream 3D Residual Networks integrated with pre-activation structure is 68.97% and 91.68%. The residual block of the pre-activated structure can enhance the model’s effectiveness. The average precision of Top-1 and Top-5 of action recognition model of two-stream 3D spatio-temporal residual network integrating time-channel attention is 85.73% and 92.05%, which has higher accuracy. The action recognition model of the two-stream 3D spatio-temporal residual network, which integrates time-channel attention, is accurate and achieves good recognition results with volleyball action recognition in real scenes.
On the asymptotics of real solutions for the Painlevé I equation
Authors: Long Wen-Gao , Xia Jun
Published: December 2024

In this paper, we revisit the asymptotic formulas of real Painlevé I transcendents as the independent variable tends to negative infinity, which were initially derived by Kapaev with the complex WKB method. Using the Riemann–Hilbert method, we improve the error estimates of the oscillatory type asymptotics and provide precise error estimates of the singular type asymptotics. We also establish the corresponding asymptotics for the associated Hamiltonians of real Painlevé I transcendents. In addition, two typos in the mentioned asymptotic formulas in literature are corrected.
Iterative Collocation Method for Second-Order Volterra Integro-Differential Equations
Authors: Rouibah Khaoula , Bellour Azzeddine , Laib Hafida
Published: December 2024

This paper presents a novel approach to solve nonlinear second-order Volterra integro-differential equations (VIDEs) using the Iterative Collocation Method. We focus on specific VIDEs with smooth functions, aiming to obtain numerical solutions without the need to solve algebraic equation systems. Our method, based on Lagrange polynomials within a spline space, offers direct implementation, high convergence order, and efficient determination of approximation solution coefficients. Through theoretical analysis and numerical experiments, we illustrate the efficacy and accuracy of our approach, contributing to the improvement of numerical techniques for solving nonlinear VIDEs.