bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Ketangguhan Akademis dan Kesejahteraan Psikologis pada Mahasiswa
Authors: Zhavira Rayda , Palupi Listyati Setyo
Published: December 2022

Kesejahteraan psikologis berperan penting untuk mewujudkan kesuksesan akademik. Namun, mahasiswa cenderung memiliki kesejahteraan psikologi yang rendah disebabkan oleh banyaknya tuntutan akademik. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui apakah terdapat korelasi antara ketangguhan akademik dengan kesejahteraan psikologis mahasiswa. Penelitian kuantitatif dengan desain potong lintang dilakukan terhadap 148 mahasiswa di Universitas Airlangga. Revised Academic Hardiness Scale dan Skala Javanese Psychological Well-Being digunakan sebagai alat pengambilan data. Hasil uji hipotesis menunjukkan adanya korelasi positif dengan kekuatan moderat antara kedua variabel. Temuan ini bermanfaat terhadap pengembangan kajian psikologi positif pada konteks mahasiswa.
Dukungan Sosial dan Beban Pengasuhan pada Orang Tua Anak Berkebutuhan Khusus
Authors: Rahmayanti Fitria Dian , Rahmania Farra Anisa , Anisa Syarifah Na'imi , Nashori Fuad
Published: December 2022

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melihat peran dukungan sosial terhadap beban pengasuhan pada orang tua anak berkebutuhan khusus. Data dalam penelitian ini didapatkan dengan menggunakan skala Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support (MSPSS) untuk mengukur dukungan sosial dan skala Burden Scale for Family Caregivers (BSFC) untuk mengukur beban pengasuhan. Analisis data menggunakan korelasi Pearson dengan menguji hubungan antara dukungan sosial (variabel bebas) dan beban pengasuhan (variabel tergantung). Pada penelitian ini ditemukan bahwa dukungan sosial memiliki hubungan dengan beban pengasuhan. Dukungan sosial yang terdiri dari dukungan keluarga, dukungan teman, dan dukungan significant other memiliki hubungan yang signifikan dengan beban pengasuhan orang tua yang memiliki anak berkebutuhan khusus. Penelitian ini diharapkan dapat menjadi bahan kajian ilmu psikologi terkait dukungan sosial dan beban pengasuhan yang dirasakan oleh orang tua dengan anak berkebutuhan khusus.
Hunting for Previous Coronavirus Pandemics Using Corpus Linguistic Analysis of 19th Century British Newspapers
Authors: Solovejute Rosita , Gatherer Derek
Published: December 2022

COVID-19 is the first known coronavirus pandemic. Nevertheless, the seasonal circulation of the four milder coronaviruses of humans – OC43, NL63, 229E and HKU1 – raises the possibility that these viruses are the descendants of more ancient coronavirus pandemics. This proposal arises by analogy to the observed descent of seasonal influenza subtypes H2N2 (now extinct), H3N2 and H1H1 from the pandemic strains of 1957, 1968 and 2009, respectively. Recent historical revisionist speculation has focussed on the influenza pandemic of 1889-1892, based on molecular phylogenetic reconstructions that show the emergence of human coronavirus OC43 around that time, probably by zoonosis from cattle. If the “Russian influenza”, as The Times named it in early 1890, was not influenza but caused by a coronavirus, the origins of the other three milder human coronaviruses may also have left a residue of clinical evidence in the 19th century medical literature and popular press. In this paper, we search digitised 19th century British newspapers for evidence of previously unsuspected coronavirus pandemics. We conclude that there is little or no corpus linguistic signal in the UK national press for large-scale outbreaks of unidentified respiratory disease for the period 1785 to 1890.
Solving the Mystery of Time and Unifying Relativity with Quantum Mechanics
Authors: Niemz Markolf H. , Stein Siegfried W.
Published: December 2022

Today’s concept of time traces back to Albert Einstein’s theories of special (SR) and general relativity (GR). In SR, uniformly moving clocks are slow with respect to my clocks. In GR, clocks in a more curved spacetime are slow with respect to my clocks. Many physicists anticipate that GR has an issue as it isn’t compatible with quantum mechanics. Here we show: There is indeed an issue in Einstein’s concept of time, which takes the proper time of one observer as the fourth coordinate of all objects in the universe. “Einstein time” runs into a problem if there is a unique 4D vector “flow of time” for each object. We claim that there is such a vector and that it must be rotated in 4D when transforming coordinates. SR and GR are approximations because that vector is approximately the same only for objects on and close to Earth. It is different for objects far away from Earth. We replace Einstein time with Euclidean time, which takes the proper time of an object as its fourth coordinate. We prove: The Lorentz factor is recovered in Euclidean relativity (ER); acceleration and gravitation relate to a 4D rotation; ER is compatible with quantum mechanics! We solve 13 mysteries of physics, such as mc2, gravitation, the Hubble constant, the wave–particle duality, and quantum entanglement. Cosmic inflation, expansion of space, dark energy, and non-locality are redundant concepts. Therefore, Occam’s razor knocks out Einstein time.
Review of Research on Mortality from Melioidosis in Malaysia
Authors: Mardhiah Kamaruddin , Wan-Arfah Nadiah , Naing Nyi Nyi , Abu Hassan Muhammad Radzi , Chan Huan-Keat
Published: December 2022

Melioidosis, or Whitmore's disease, is an infectious disease initiated by a bacteria known as Burkholderia pseudomallei. This bacteria is commonly found in contaminated soil and water. In Malaysia, the mortality from melioidosis infection was reported to be higher than in other infectious diseases. The research on melioidosis is still limited in Malaysia but slightly increasing. The article's objective was to seek all the melioidosis research related to mortality in Malaysia. The information from the selected papers was then abstracted into two sections; Section 1: Review of literature and Section 2: Findings on mortality from melioidosis in Malaysia. In Section 1, the information on transmission and clinical features of melioidosis, demographic, severity of melioidosis, a clinical signs of melioidosis, diagnosis of melioidosis, management of melioidosis, the economic burden of melioidosis, and incidence of mortality from melioidosis were discussed in this paper. Meanwhile, in Section 2, the findings on mortality of melioidosis in Malaysia were discussed according to eight published articles. It is important to manage patients with melioidosis with appropriate treatment and management to reduce severe complications, high fatality rate, and relapse. More published research on melioidosis will provide input to the clinicians on a more detailed understanding of how to improve the diagnosis of melioidosis and the prognosis factors of this disease.
The Influence of Skin Commensals on the Therapeutic Outcomes of Surgically-Debrided Diabetic Foot Infections
Authors: Uçkay Ilker , Lebowitz Dan , Kressmann Benjamin , Lipsky Benjamin Alan , Gariani Karim
Published: December 2022

In diabetic foot infections (DFI), the clinically virulence of skin commensals are generally presumed to be of low virulence. In this single-center study, we divided the wound isolates into two groups: skin commensals (coagulase-negative staphylococci, micrococci, corynebacteria, cutibacteria); and, pyogenic pathogens, and followed the patients for ≥ 6 months. In 1,018 DFI episodes (392 [39%] with osteomyelitis), we identified skin commensals as the sole culture isolates (without accompanying pyogenic pathogens) in 54 cases (5%). After treatment (antibiotic therapy [median of 20 days], hyperbaric oxygen in 98 cases [10%]), 251 episodes (25%) were clinical failures. Group comparisons between those growing only skin commensals and controls found no difference in clinical failure (17% vs 24 %, p=0.23) or microbiological recurrence (11% vs 17 %, p=0.23). The skin commensals were mostly treated with non-beta-lactam oral antibiotics. In multivariate logistic regression analysis, isolation of only skin commensals was not associated with failure (odds ratio 0.4, 95% confidence interval 0.1-3.8). Clinicians might wish to consider these isolates as potential pathogens when selecting a targeted antibiotic regimen, which may equally base on oral non-beta-lactam antibiotic agents susceptible to the corresponding skin pathogens.
Effect of Sc, Hf, and Yb Additions on Superplasticity of a Fine-grained Al-0.4%Zr Alloy
Authors: Nokhrin A. V. , Gryaznov M. Yu. , Shotin S. V. , Nagicheva G. S. , Chegurov M. K. , Bobrov A. A. , Kopylov V. I. , Chuvil’deev V. N.
Published: December 2022

The research was undertaken to study the way deformation behaves in ultrafine-grained (UFG) conducting Al-Zr alloys doped with Sc, Hf, and Yb. All in all, 8 alloys were studied with zirconium partially replaced by Sc, Hf, and/or Yb. Doping elements (X = Zr, Sc, Hf, Yb) in the alloys total 0.4 wt.%. The choice of doping elements is conditioned by possible precipitation of Al3X particles with L12 structure while annealing these alloys. Such particles provide higher thermal stability of a nonequilibrium UFG microstructure. Initial coarse-grained samples were obtained by induction casting. The UFG microstructure in the alloys was formed by Equal Channel Angular Pressing (ECAP) at 225°C. Superplasticity tests were carried out at temperatures ranging from 300 to 500 °C and strain rates varying between 3.310-4 and 3.310-1 s-1. The highest values of elongation to failure are observed in Sc-doped alloys. A UFG Al-0.2%Zr-0.1%Sc-0.1%Hf alloy has maximum ductility: at 450 °C and a strain rate of 3.310-3 s-1, relative elongation to failure reaches 765%. At the onset of superplasticity, stress–strain curves are characterized by a stage of homogeneous strain and a long stage of localized plastic flow. The dependence of homogeneous strain (eq) on test temperature in UFG Sc-doped alloys is increasing uniformly, which is not the case for other UFG alloys with eq(T) dependence peaking at 350-400 оС. Strain rate sensitivity coefficient of flow stress m is small and does not exceed 0.26-0.3 at 400-500 °C. In UFG alloys containing no scandium, m coefficient is observed to go down to 0.12-0.18 at 500 оС. It has been suggested that lower m values are driven by intensive grain growth and pore formation in large Al3X particles, which develop specifically at the ingot crystallization stage.
The Structure of Evolutionary Model Space for Proteins Across the Tree of Life
Authors: Scolaro Gabrielle E. , Braun Edward L.
Published: December 2022

The factors that determine the relative rates of amino acid substitution during protein evolution are complex and they are known to vary among taxa. We estimated relative exchangeabilities for pairs of amino acids from clades spread across the tree of life and assessed the historical signal in the distances among these clade-specific models. We trained these models separately on collections of arbitrarily selected protein alignments and on ribosomal protein alignments. In both cases we found a clear separation between the models trained using multiple sequence alignments from bacterial clades and the models trained on archaeal and eukaryotic data. We assessed the predictive power of our novel clade-specific models of sequence evolution by asking whether fit to the models could be used to identify the source of multiple sequence alignments. Model fit was generally able to classify protein alignments correctly at the level of domain (bacterial versus archaeal), but the accuracy of classification at finer scales was much lower. The only exceptions to this were the relatively high classification accuracy for two archaeal lineages: Halobacteriaceae and Thermoprotei. Genomic GC content had a modest impact on relative exchangeabilities despite having a large impact on amino acid frequencies. Relative exchangeabilities involving aromatic residues exhibited the largest differences among models. There were a small number of exchangeabilities that exhibited large differences in comparisons among major clades and between generalized models and ribosomal protein models. Taken as a whole, these results reveal that a small number of relative exchangeabilities are responsible for much of the structure of the “model space” for protein sequence evolution. If we look beyond the information that these clade-specific models reveal about protein evolution the models themselves are likely to be useful tools for phylogenomic inference across the tree of life.
Physical and Chemical Features of Hydrogen Combustion and their Influence on the Characteristics of Gas Turbine Combustion Chambers
Authors: Zubrilin Ivan , Kuznetsov Aleksey , Tsapenkov Konstantin , Antonov Dmitrii , Strizhak Pavel , Yakushkin Denis , Ulitichev Aleksandr , Dolinskiy Vladimir , Hernandez Morales Mario , Shchepakina Elena
Published: December 2022

Hydrogen plays a key role in the transition to a carbon-free economy. One of the areas of hydrogen use is the substitution of hydrocarbon fuel in gas turbine engines and power plants. This review article discusses the features of hydrogen combustion and their influence on the characteristics of combustion chambers in comparison with methane. The paper presents both the results of a study of pure hydrogen or methane and methane-hydrogen mixtures with different hydrogen content. Among the main features, it is worth noting a smaller ignition delay time and higher laminar flame speed with a shift in its maximum value to a rich mixture, which significantly affects on flashback inside burners premixer, especially at elevated air temperatures. Another feature is the increased temperature of the flame, which can lead to an increase in the rate of nitrogen oxides formation. However, wider combustion concentration ranges contribute to the stable combustion of hydrogen at temperatures lower than those of methane. Along with this, it was shown that even at the same adiabatic temperature, more nitrogen oxides are formed in a hydrogen flame than in a methane flame, which indicates an additional mechanism for NOx formation in addition to the Zeldovich mechanism. The article also summarizes some of the results of a study on the effect of hydrogen on the occurrence of thermoacoustic instability, which depends on the initial nature of pulsations during methane combustion. The presented data will be useful both to engineers who are engaged in solving the problems of designing hydrogen combustion devices, and to scientists in this field of study.
Effect of Er, Si, Hf, Nb Additives on the Thermal Stability of Microstructure, Electrical Resistivity and Microhardness of Fine-Grained Aluminum Alloys Al-0.25%Zr
Authors: Nokhrin A. V. , Nagicheva G. S. , Chuvil’deev V. N. , Kopylov V. I. , Bobrov A. A. , Tabachkova N. Yu.
Published: December 2022

The conductor aluminum alloys Al-0.25wt.%Zr doped additionally with Х = Er, Si, Hf, and Nb were the objects of investigations. The fine-grained microstructure in the alloys was formed by Equal Channel Angular Pressing and Rotary Swaging. The thermal stability of the microstructure, specific electrical resistivity, and microhardness of the novel conductor aluminum alloys was investigated. The mechanisms of nucleation of the Al3(Zr,X) secondary particles during annealing the fine-grained aluminum alloys were determined using Jones-Mehl-Avrami-Kolmogorov equation. Using Zener equation, the dependencies of the mean secondary particle sizes on the annealing time were obtained on the base of analysis of the data on the grain growth in the aluminum alloys. The secondary particle nucleation during long-time low-temperature annealing (300 оC, 1000 hrs) was shown to go preferentially at the cores of the lattice dislocations. The Al-0.25%Zr-0.25%Er-0.20%Hf-0.15%Si alloy subjected to long-time annealing at 300 оC has the optimal combination of the microhardness and electrical conductivity (59.8%IACS, Hv = 480 ± 15 MPa).
Modeling the Impact of Mentoring on Women’s Work-Life Bal-2 ance: A Grounded Theory Approach
Authors: Parvaneh Bahrami , Nosratabadi Saeed , Palouzian Khodayar , Hegedűs Szilárd
Published: December 2022

The purpose of this study was to model the impact of mentoring on women’s work-life balance. Indeed, this study considered mentoring as a solution to create a work-life balance of women. For this purpose, semi-structured interviews with both mentors and mentees of Tehran Municipality were conducted and the collected data were analyzed using constructivist grounded theory. Findings provided a model of how mentoring affects women's work-life balance. According to this model, role management is the key criterion for balancing work-life of women. In this model, antecedents of role management and the contextual factors affecting role management, the constraints of mentoring in the organization, as well as the consequences of effective mentoring in the organization are described. The findings of this research contribute to the mentoring literature as well as to the role management literature and provide recommendations for organizations and for future research.
Influence of Hermetia Illucens Larvae Meal Dietary Inclusion on Growth Performance, Gut Histological Traits and Stress Parameters in Sparus Aurata
Authors: Di Rosa Ambra Rita , Caccamo Letteria , Pansera Lidia , Oteri Marianna , Chiofalo Biagina , Maricchiolo Giulia
Published: December 2022

The effect of defatted Hermetia illucens meal (HIM) dietary inclusion on growth performance, stress indicators and gut histological traits of Sparus aurata was studied. For 131 days, 312 fish were fed with one basal diet, containing fish meal as animal protein source, and three diets containing 25%, 35% and 50% HIM as a partial replacement for fishmeal. On all fish (26 fish per tank, 3 replicate tanks per diet, 78 fish per diet) the growth performance were calculated. At the end of the trial, on a subsample of 72 specimens (6 fish per tank, 3 replicate tanks per diet, 18 fish per diet), stress parameters were determined on blood samples and gut histological tract investigated. Insect meal inclusion did not affect (p > 0.05) growth performance, blood parameters, length and width of villi and goblet cell count of the posterior gut tract while, those of the anterior gut tract while increased (p < 0.05). The histological examination of the intestinal sections showed in fish fed the HIM25 and HIM50 diets, more frequent and evident morphological changes; instead, there were no substantial differences between HIM0 and HIM35 groups. In conclusion, the HIM35 was the most tolerated formulation by fish.
RAPIDprep: A Simple, Fast Protocol for RNA Metagenomic Sequencing of Clinical Samples
Authors: Tulloch Rachel L , Kim Karan , Sikazwe Chisha , Michie Alice , Burrell Rebecca , Holmes Edward C. , Dwyer Dominic E. , Britton Philip N. , Kok Jen , Eden John-Sebastian
Published: December 2022

Emerging infectious disease threats require rapid response tools to inform diagnostics, treatment, and outbreak control. RNA-based metagenomics offers this; however, most approaches are time-consuming and laborious. Here, we present a simple and fast protocol – the RAPIDprep assay – with the aim to provide cause agnostic laboratory diagnosis of infection within 24 hours of sample collection by sequencing ribosomal RNA-depleted total RNA. The method is based on the synthesis and amplification of double-stranded cDNA followed by short-read sequencing with minimal handling and clean-up steps to improve processing time. The approach was optimized and applied to a range of clinical respiratory samples to demonstrate diagnostic and quantitative performance. Our results showed robust depletion of both human and microbial rRNA, and library amplification across different sample types, qualities and extraction kits using a single protocol without input nucleic acid quantification or quality assessment. Furthermore, we demonstrate the genomic yield of both known and undiagnosed pathogens with complete genomes recovered in most cases to inform molecular epidemiological investigations and vaccine design. The RAPIDprep assay is a simple and effective tool, and representative of an important shift towards integration of modern genomic techniques to infectious disease investigations.
FACTORS CONTRIBUTING TO PULMONARY TB TREATMENT LOST TO FOLLOW-UP IN DEVELOPING COUNTRIES: AN OVERVIEW
Authors: OPPERMAN Monique , DU PREEZ Ilse
Published: December 2022

Background: Despite the available treatment options, pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) remains a leading cause of disease-related deaths worldwide. Treatment non-adherence/lost to follow-up (LTFU), particularly in developing countries, is a continuous concern. LTFU prolongs TB infectiousness and contributes to TB treatment failure, relapse, and death. Furthermore, LTFU also delays global TB eradication by promoting TB spread and drug-resistant TB strain development. The purpose of this paper is to give an overview of the commonly observed risk factors associated with TB treatment LTFU in developing countries.  Materials and Methods: A literature survey was done of studies published in the past decade, which evaluated the risk factors for LTFU in TB patients, specifically in developing countries. Results: Several variables, including socio-demographic, patient-related, TB disease and other health-related-factors, healthcare and system determinants, as well as treatment-related factors, were identified to increase the risk of TB treatment LTFU. More recently applied adherence interventions in developing countries, show potential for implementation on a larger scale. Conclusion: Successful TB treatment is contingent on treatment adherence, and by addressing these persisting LTFU risk factors, treatment adherence in developing countries may be improved.
Generalized Models for the Field Assessment of Drilling Fluid Viscoelasticity
Authors: Chen Hongbo , Okesanya Temi , Kuru Ergun , Heath Garett , Hadley Dylan
Published: December 2022

Recent studies highlight the significant role of drilling fluid elasticity in particle suspension and hole cleaning during drilling operations. Traditional methods to quantify fluid elasticity require the use of advanced rheometers, which are not suitable for field applications. The main objectives of this study were to investigate the factors influencing drilling fluid viscoelasticity in the field and develop generalized models for determining the viscoelasticity of a drilling fluid using standard field testing equipment.

Ninety-three fluid formulations used in this study included field samples of oil-based drilling fluids as well as laboratory samples of water-based, invert emulsion and other oil-based fluids. Basic rheological characterizations of these fluids were done by using a funnel viscometer and a rotational viscometer. Elastic properties of the drilling fluids (quantified in terms of the energy required to cause an irreversible deformation in the fluid’s structure) were obtained from oscillatory tests conducted by using a research-grade rheometer with double gap concentric cylinder geometry. Using an empirical approach, two noniterative models for quantifying drilling fluid elasticity were developed (one for unweighted and the other for weighted drilling fluids) by correlating test results from a funnel viscometer and a rotational viscometer to energy required to cause an irreversible deformation of the fluid’s elastic structure.

The generalized models for the unweighted and weighted viscoelastic drilling fluids were able to predict the elasticity of drilling fluids with a mean absolute error of 4.67 and 5.28%, respectively. In addition, the models offer practical versatility by requiring only standard drilling fluid testing equipment to predict viscoelasticity. Experimental results showed that nonaqueous fluid viscoelasticity is inversely proportional to the oil-water ratio (OWR), and the presence of clay greatly debilitates the elasticity of the drilling fluids while enhancing their viscosity.

In this paper, we present models for estimating unweighted and weighted drilling fluid elasticity using standard drilling fluid field testing equipment. Furthermore, we proposed a prudent approach for quantifying the viscoelastic property of a drilling fluid by measuring the amount of energy required to irreversibly deform a unit volume of viscoelastic fluid. The new models, combined with the recommended use of the energy dissipation (ED) concept, provide practical tools that can be used for developing optimum drilling fluid formulations and hydraulic programs for effective hole cleaning operations, improved equivalent circulating density (ECD) management, and mitigating barite sag problems.
Field Features Do Not Explain Greenfield Production Forecasting Bias
Authors: Nesvold E. , Bratvold R. B.
Published: December 2022

Over the past years, it has become clear that greenfield oil production forecasts are subject to strong optimism and overprecision biases: Significant early production shortfalls are the rule rather than the exception and the elicited uncertainty range is generally too narrow. This has large negative consequences for the net present valuation of such investments. A study from 2011 based on post-factum evaluation of greenfield production forecasts suggests that there is a causal relationship between certain project/field characteristics and production attainment (i.e., optimism bias). However, while self-reported causes of failure may provide interesting insights, such analyses are subject to cognitive hindsight bias. It is therefore necessary to test such claims more rigorously. Research on megaprojects in other industries suggests that forecasting bias is omnipresent but is stronger in certain circumstances (e.g., information and communication technology projects are subject to larger cost overruns than road construction projects). An important question is therefore whether there are combinations of field characteristics/features which can be measured objectively, such as field size, reservoir complexity, oil prices, and lack of drillstem tests (DSTs), etc., and which can be shown to have predictive power of overly optimistic and overconfident production forecasts.

The data set in this study consists of 71 greenfield oil production forecasts at project sanction on the Norwegian Continental Shelf (NCS), with production starting between 1995 and 2020. Each forecast consists of a triplet of production curves which represent the statistical p10, the expectation, and the statistical p90. The forecasts are compared with actual production data. Metadata about the fields gathered from the Norwegian Petroleum Directorate (NPD) are used to establish 16 informative field features, from field reserves to the number of appraisal wells per unit area. These features are tested for predictive power, both individually and simultaneously, of optimism bias and of a general forecast quality metric.

First, we show that value erosion caused by time overruns and production shortfalls are both significant, but that the relative importance of effects after production start is higher. Second, none of the tested machine learning models show any predictive power of forecasting bias. Because of this systematic presence of bias in the production forecasts, we argue that oil and gas companies need to make important changes to their decision-making workflows to take into account well-documented research findings on cognitive and organizational bias from the past decades, instead of the ever-increasing model complexity. Illustratively, as a final point, we show that a no-skills-involved reference class forecast based on empirical production curves from abandoned fields outperforms operators’ own greenfield forecasts. This approach may perhaps serve as a useful benchmark for future forecasts.
Laws of high-pressure phase and nanostructure evolution and severe plastic flow
Authors: Lin Feng , Levitas Valery , Pandey Krishan , Yesudhas Sorb , Park Changyong
Published: December 2022

Study of the plastic flow, strain-induced phase transformations (PTs), and nanostructure evolution under high pressure is important for producing new nanostructured phases and understanding physical processes. However, these processes depend on an unlimited combination of five plastic strain components and an entire strain path with no hope of fully comprehending. Here, we introduce the rough diamond anvils (rough-DA) to reach maximum friction equal to the yield strength in shear, which allows determination of pressure-dependent yield strength. We apply rough-DA to compression of severely pre-deformed Zr. We found in situ that after severe straining, crystallite size and dislocation density of α and ω-Zr are getting pressure-, strain- and strain-path-independent, reach steady values before and after PT, and depend solely on the volume fraction of ω-Zr during PT. Immediately after completing PT, ω-Zr behaves like perfectly plastic, isotropic, and strain-path-independent. Rough-DA produces a steady nanostructure in α-Zr with lower crystallite size and larger dislocation density than smooth diamonds. This leads to a record minimum pressure (0.67 GPa) for α-ω PT. Kinetics of strain-induced PT, in addition to plastic strain, unexpectedly depends on time. The obtained results significantly enrich the fundamental understanding of plasticity, PTs, and nanostructure, and create new opportunities in material design, synthesis, and processing of nanostructured materials by coupling severe plastic deformations and PT at low pressure.
Astrocyte transcriptomic changes along the spatiotemporal progression of Alzheimer’s disease
Authors: Serrano-Pozo Alberto , Li Zhaozhi , Woodbury Maya , Muñoz-Castro Clara , Watcher Astrid , Jayakumar Rojashree , Bryant Annie , Noori Ayush , Welikovitch Lindsay , Hu Miwei , Zhao Karen , Liao Fan , Lin Gen , Pastika Timothy , Tamm Joseph ,   Aicha Abdourahman4, Kwon Taekyung , Bennett Rachel , Talanian Robert , Biber Knut , Karran Erik , Hyman Bradley , Das Sudeshna
Published: December 2022

Astrocytes play a critical role in brain homeostasis and normal functions but their changes along the spatiotemporal progression of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) neuropathology remain largely unknown. Here we performed single-nucleus RNA-sequencing on brain regions along the stereotypical progression of AD pathology from donors ranging the entire normal aging-AD continuum comprising 628,943 astrocyte nuclei from 32 donors across 5 brain regions. We discovered temporal gene-expression-trajectories with gene sets differentially activated at various disease stages. Surprisingly, a gene set enriched in proteostasis and energy metabolism, was upregulated in late-stage but unexpectedly returned to baseline levels in end-stage, suggesting exhaustion of response in “burnt-out” astrocytes. The spatial gene-expression-trajectories revealed that astrocytic genes of tripartite synapses are dysregulated in parallel to the stereotypical progression of tangle pathology across regions. We identified astrocyte heterogeneity across brain regions with a continuum from homeostatic to reactive cells through “intermediate” transitional states. These findings suggest complex astrocytic dysfunction in AD neurodegeneration.
Efficacy and Safety of Aripiprazole in Borderline Personality Disorder: A Systematic Review
Authors: Jiménez Glauco Valdivieso , Pino-Zavaleta Dennis Anthony , Campos-Rodriguez Susan K. , Ortiz-Saavedra Brando , Fernández María F. , Benites-Zapata Vicente Aleixandre
Published: December 2022

Introduction
Aripiprazole is an atypical antipsychotic drug, and its use in the treatment of borderline personality disorder remains controversial. We aimed to determine the efficacy and safety of aripiprazole in patients diagnosed with borderline personality disorder.
Methods
The protocol was registered in PROSPERO (CRD42021256647) on July 2, 2021. PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, Ovid-Medline, Embase, PsycINFO, and Cochrane (CENTRAL) were searched, without restriction by language or publication date. Furthermore, we searched ClinicalTrials.gov trial registries and the WHO International Clinical Trials Registry Platform. The inclusion criteria were randomized clinical trials including adult patients (> 18 years) diagnosed with borderline personality disorder according to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders criteria. The quality of the included studies was determined using the Cochrane risk-of-bias for randomized trials (RoB-2) tool.
Results
We included two randomized clinical trials published in three articles. Among these, 76 patients were diagnosed with borderline personality disorder, with 38, 12, and 26 assigned to the aripiprazole, olanzapine, and placebo groups, respectively. The majority of patients were women (88.16%), with an age range of 22.1–28.14 years. Aripiprazole was shown to reduce psychiatric symptoms (obsessive–compulsive behavior, insecurity, depression, anxiety, aggressiveness/hostility, phobic anxiety, paranoid thinking, psychoticism, and somatization), anxiety, depression, anger, hostility, and clinical severity. The adverse effects included headache, insomnia, restlessness, tremor, and akathisia. In both studies, the risk of bias was high, which is somewhat concerning.
Conclusions
Aripiprazole has shown promising results in the treatment of patients with borderline personality disorder. More randomized clinical trials are required.
IoT Based Intrusion Detection System for Healthcare Using RNNBiLSTM Deep Learning Strategy with Custom Features
Authors: JEYANTHI D.V. , Indrani B.
Published: December 2022

Internet of Things (IoT) devices exchange information directly between devices. They are more prone to vulnerability because of the design of the network layer in its architecture and also connected to the internet 24X7. IoT-based smart healthcare devices like patient monitoring cameras in hospital create life-saving data that must be shielded from intruders. Effective intrusion detection is required to safeguard sensitive private data before assault takes place due to the humongous data created by the IoT. This work proposes a 5-layered framework to find intrusion in large datasets. This work uses constructing new custom features to increase the learning rate and to reduce imperceptions during learning by the machine model. The proposed ACAAS algorithm obtains significant features and Recurrent Neural Networks with Long Short-Term Memory in both directions (RNNBiLSTM) is used to identify the assault to optimize the prediction performance accuracy by using the IoTID20 dataset to protect IoT networks. The experiment results provided Accuracy Rate of 99.16%, Error Rate of 0.008371%, Sensitivity Ratio of 99.89% and Specificity Ratio of 98.203% for IoTID20 with custom features using RNNBiLSTM. The obtained high accuracy rate shows the effectiveness of the system in protecting the network from intruders.
All-green Cellulose acetate/corn-cob Composite Membrane Filter with Combative Dye and Heavy Metal Adsorption Property
Authors: R Aswathy N , Sen Rituparna , Mongaraj Snehashree , S Sudha G , Mohapatra Aswini Kumar
Published: December 2022

From ancient times water bodies witnessed expel of a large number of pollutants and heavy metals from the nearest industries. To alleviate this concern wastewater from all industrial sectors requires treatment before discharging into natural water streams. Inspired by the natural adsorbent ‘corn-cob’ a novel all-green corn-cob/cellulose acetate (MCAPCB) composite membrane filter has been developed. The corn-cob, a food waste obtained after the consumption of corn acts as a filler as well as an adsorbent in the cellulose acetate membrane (MCA). The corn cob powder (PCB) and the alkali/hydrogen peroxide treated corn cob powder (TPCB) were incorporated into the MCA at various compositions and comparative dye adsorption capacities were analyzed. It was observed that 20 % PCB can be incorporated into the cellulose matrix without affecting the flexibility of the membrane. 0.5 grams of 20% TPCB incorporated CA membrane (MCATPCB20) achieved the highest methylene blue adsorption performance up to 97.46. 20% PCB incorporated CA membrane (MCAPCB20) exhibited adsorption of methylene blue up to 80.15% from the water. The adsorption efficiency of MCATPCB20 has been enhanced due to the increase in carboxyl content after the bleaching of PCB. The atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS) and inductively coupled plasma spectroscopy (ICP-MS) studies of feed and filtrate solutions after microfiltration through MCATPCB20 proved that the developed films can be harnessed into an excellent material for cadmium (Cd) and lead (Pb) heavy metal adsorption. These results reveal that MCATPCB is a green, sustainable, effective, and efficient filter system for water purification.
A delayed ovulation of Progestin-Primed Ovarian Stimulation (PPOS) by down-regulating the LHCGR/PGR pathway
Authors: Xie Yating , Guo Wenya , Shen Xi , Yu Weina , Kuang Yanping , Chen Qiuju , Long Hui , Lyu Qifeng , Wang Li
Published: December 2022

PPOS as a new clinic ovulation stimulation protocol, its role in ovulation and regulatory mechanism is not clear. The clinical PPOS protocol was simulated in mice, and it had a delayed ovulation than the control group at 12.5 hours after hCG trigger. The suppressed LH level of PPOS group led to the reduced expression of LHCGR on the preovulatory follicles before trigger, and significantly decreased the following progesterone synthesis, blood progesterone level and progesterone-receptor (PGR) expression within 4-6 hours after hCG trigger. Furthermore, the important ovulatory genes regulated by PGR including ADAMTS1, VEGF-A and EDN2 were downregulated in the PPOS group, ultimately delaying the ovulation. Meanwhile, the distribution of ovulation trigger–OPU time intervals with oocyte retrieval rate (>70%) and mature oocyte rate (>80%) in patients using PPOS also indirectly indicate the delayed ovulation. This research provides the crucial evidence for patients using PPOS when arranging the OPU time interval.
What parts of “incident reporting culture” can predict nurses' willingness to report errors?
Authors: Hajihosseini Fatemeh , Mousazadeh Noushin , Nazari Roghieh , Nia Hamid Sharif
Published: December 2022

Background
The presence of errors is still an undeniable fact in health systems. Error reporting is necessary to analyze the causes and prevent their recurrence. Despite the efforts of health organizations to promote the culture of error reporting, the reporting of errors is still not at the desired level. This study was conducted to determine parts of the culture of incident reporting that can predict the willingness of nurses to report errors.
Methods
This cross-sectional study was conducted in 2021. Sampling was conducted by census method and 251 nurses who had at least one year of experience in general wards participated in it. They were clinician nurses working in three hospitals in northern Iran. A self-reporting questionnaire was used to collect data. To analyze the data, descriptive and analytical statistics were used.
Results
Two dimensions of error reporting culture, including learning from errors (B = 0.234, CI = 0.380 to 0.088) and error management (B = 0.029, CI = 0.013 to 0.235) can predict the willingness to report errors in nurses. Only marital status had a significant relationship with the willingness to report errors in nurses (P < 0.001).
Conclusions
Increasing the willingness of nurses to report their errors requires the promotion of "learning from error" and "error management" in the culture of incident reporting. It is recommended that nursing managers and supervisors focus more on the culture of incident reporting, especially these two aspects.
Experimental and Theoretical Investigation of the Mechanisms of Drying During CO2 injection into Saline Reservoirs
Authors: Sokama-Neuyam Yen Adams , Yu Muhammad Aslam Md , Owusu Shadrack Kofi , Darkwah-Owusu Victor , Turkson Joshua Nsiah , Otchere Adwoa Sampongmaa , Ursin Jann Rune
Published: December 2022

A viable CO2 storage resource must have sufficient storage capacity, reliable containment efficiency and adequate well injectivity. Deep saline formations stand out in terms of storage capacity and containment efficiency. However, formation brine dry-out and salt precipitation in the near well region could impair CO2 injectivity in deep saline reservoirs, thus reducing their potential for CO2 storage. Core-flood experiments and analytical modelling were used to investigate various mechanisms of external and internal salt precipitation. Particularly, the impact of the extension of the dry-out region on CO2 injectivity was investigated. It was found that, for high permeability rocks, injection of CO2 at relatively low injection rates could result in salt cake deposition at the injection inlet especially under high salinity conditions. It was also found that extension of the dry-out region does not have significant impact on CO2 injectivity. Although the magnitude of CO2 injectivity impairment increased more than two-fold when initial brine salinity doubled, the development of CO2 injectivity was found to be independent of initial brine salinity. We have shown that the bundle-of-tubes model could provide useful insight into the process of brine vaporization and salt deposition in the dry-out region during CO2 injection. This work provides vital understanding of the effect of salt precipitation on CO2 injectivity.
Influence of the Sun on Water.
Dependence on Geometry of Solution and its Position in Space.
Authors: Shevchenko Igor
Published: December 2022

The variations of solar activity and distribution of solar energy due to the rotation of the Earth around its axis and around the Sun exert a strong influence on the self-organization of water molecules. As a result, the chemical reactivity of water clusters in hydrolytic reactions depends on geographic latitude and displays diurnal, very large annual variations, and is also modulated by the 11-year cycles of solar activity. This phenomenon may be well accounted for by the decomposition of water clusters by muons which are constantly generated in the upper atmosphere by the solar wind. Since the muon flux is anisotropic, its influence depends on the area of a reaction solution which is affected by muons. For this reason, the reaction rate is highly dependent on the geometry of the solution and its position in space. For example, the difference in the rate of hydrolysis of triethyl phosphite in three 5-mm NMR tubes directed North-South, East-West and Vertically can be very large. The rate ratios between the tubes vary greatly during the day, along with the direction of the muon flux. The rate of hydrolysis in the East-West tube displays the largest daily fluctuations depending on the position of the Sun in the sky. Thus, this chemical process can be used to determine solar activity at different locations on the Earth and track changes in the direction of the muon flux.
Confounding and Confounding Control
Authors: Ren Shaolong , Zhao Genming
Published: December 2022

Currently, the classical, counterfactual, and structural confounding definitions, are simultaneously used in teaching or practice context of epidemiology. Despite the resemblance, the three definitions are different in many aspects. A unified theory of confounding and confounding control has not been established. At the same time, the distinction between several confounding-related concepts is not clear-cut. Inspired by the structural causal model, this paper puts forwards an improved confounding definition to unify previous confounding definitions. The improved definition defines confounding as the association between exposure and the risk factor for the outcome, which cannot be interpreted by the causal effect of exposure on the risk factor. In so doing, confounding control methods is derived naturally, and several confusing confounding-related concepts is distinguished clearly.
Two level deacidification mathematical model for the description of transport of solid alkaline particles and diffusion of ions in a treated acid paper
Authors: Danielik Vladimír , Králik Milan , Ambrová Marta , Jurišová Jana , Jablonský Michal , Vizárová Katarína , Vajová Izabela
Published: December 2022

The industrial progress in papermaking in the early 19th century led to the technologies resulting in more acidic papers, which was caused mainly by exploitation of alum (KAl(SO4)2) and rosin. Papers prepared by such technologies have degraded more quickly. From the 1930 various deacidification and preservation processes with basic agents have been developed. The most widespread deacidification process is with the aerosol (spray system) consisting of microscale particles MgO and perfluoroheptane (PFH) as a carrier (the so-called Bookkeeper process). The shortcomings of this process are low dissolution of solid MgO particles and transport to the interior of acidic paper. We have developed a theoretical two-level model of the Bookkeeper process suitable for prediction of deacidification extent. The model involves both the dissolution/reaction of the solid particles and transport of solvated ions and solid particles inside the bulk of paper. The developed model coincides with the results of the performed deacidification experiment. The model is also in good agreement with the Lucas-Washburn equation which is usually used for description of the penetration of a deacidifying agent into the paper.
Attributing Recent Variability in the Subpolar AMOC to Surface Buoyancy Forcing
Authors: Marris Charlotte , Marsh Robert
Published: December 2022

Variability in the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC) on interannual to multidecadal timescales can primarily be linked to the strength of deep-water formation in the Subpolar North Atlantic, where surface buoyancy forcing transforms light surface waters to the dense waters of the southward-flowing lower-limb of the AMOC. In a water mass transformation (WMT) framework, fields of surface density and surface density flux from the GODAS ocean reanalysis are used to construct the surface-forced overturning circulation (SFOC) streamfunction for the Subpolar North Atlantic (48-65°N), in an operational assimilation over 1980-2020. Computed and plotted in latitude-density space, the SFOC reconstruction compares favourably with the corresponding AMOC, computed from GODAS currents. To further partition dense waters contributing to the AMOC, the SFOC is longitudinally partitioned into an East component, comprising the Irminger/Iceland basins, and a West component, comprising the Labrador Sea. Interannual and multidecadal changes in the dominant location of deep-water formation in the Subpolar North Atlantic are thus elucidated. The analysis provides transport estimates complementary to those obtained with observations from the RAPID array since 2004, and OSNAP array since 2014, revealing that recent (post-2014) domination of overturning in the Eastern Subpolar Gyre may be transient.
Distribution, source identification, and ecological risk of PAHs in a large river- reservoir system
Authors: Zhang Hongzhi , Cui Kangping , Hassan Muhammad , Guo Zhi , Chen Yihan
Published: December 2022

Rivers and their reservoirs form a connected river-reservoir system that plays an important role in regulating the water environment. However, the distribution and potential environmental behaviour of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in the river-reservoir system are scarce. This study focused on the occurrence, distribution and risk assessment of PAHs in a river-reservoir system based in the Dongjiang river source area. The concentration of Σ16PAHs in the water phase of the river-reservoir system was 102.2-407.6 ng/L and at a low level, with the main monomer being naphthalene (Nap). The main pollution source was dominated by a mixture of charcoal, coal and gasoline combustion. The proportion of gasoline and diesel combustion in the reservoir system was higher than the river system. In contrast, the occurrence level of Σ16PAHs in the reservoir system was relatively higher than the river. On the time scale, the levels of Nap were greatly enhanced in the spring, which might be correlated with its abundant input of stormwater runoff. The composition of the PAHs remained stable during the transition from river to reservoir, suggesting their durability and stability in the aquatic environment. Redundancy analysis indicated that temperature, NO3-, and NH4+ could impact the PAHs content. In general, the environmental risk of PAHs in the aqueous phase was at moderate risk and low health risk, with no effect on the safety of drinking water.