bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Association between uric acid, cancer incidence and mortality in patients with type 2 diabetes: Shanghai diabetes registry study
Authors: Deng Zixuan , Gu Yunjuan , Hou Xuhong , Zhang Lei , Bao Yuqian , Hu Cheng , Jia Weiping
Published: September 2015

Background

An elevated serum uric acid level has often been observed with type 2 diabetes or cancer progression. This study aimed to investigate the association between the serum uric acid, cancer incidence, and mortality in Chinese patients with type 2 diabetes.

Methods

A total of 8274 patients with type 2 diabetes from the Shanghai Diabetes Registry (SDR) participated. The follow‐up rate was 85.4%. All subjects were divided into four groups according to the serum uric acid concentration: group 1 (1.0 mg/dL ≤ SUA < 3.0 mg/dL), group 2 (3.0 mg/dL ≤ SUA <5.0 mg/dL), group 3 (5.0 mg/dL ≤ SUA < 7.0 mg/dL), and group 4 (SUA ≥ 7.0 mg/dL). The primary outcome was the first diagnosis of any cancer. The secondary outcome was all‐cause mortality. A Cox proportional hazards model was used to estimate the relative risks of cancer and death.

Results

One hundred thirty‐seven men and 115 women had cancer by the end of the study. In women, group 1 had the lowest incidence rate of cancer at 30.3 cases per 10 000 person‐years, followed by group 2 (48.2). The cancer incidence rates in groups 3 (80.4) and 4 (100.8) were significantly higher than in group 2 (p < 0.05). No significant differences were observed in the incidence of cancer in men (p = 0.76). The risks of overall mortality and death from cancer were not significantly different among the different serum uric acid groups in either sex (Pmale = 0.480, Pfemale = 0.075).

Conclusion

In Chinese female diabetic patients, the incidence of cancer increased with serum uric acid levels. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Neuronal labeling patterns in the spinal cord of adult transgenic Zebrafish
Authors: Stil Aurélie , Drapeau Pierre
Published: September 2015

We describe neuronal patterns in the spinal cord of adult zebrafish. We studied the distribution of cells and processes in the three spinal regions reported in the literature: the 8th vertebra used as a transection injury site, the 15th vertebra mainly used for motor cell recordings and also for crush injury, and the 24th vertebra used to record motor nerve activity. We used well‐known transgenic lines in which expression of green fluorescent protein (GFP) is driven by promoters to hb9 and isl1 in motoneurons, alx/chx10 and evx1 interneurons, ngn1 in sensory neurons and olig2 in oligodendrocytes, as well as antibodies for neurons (HuC/D, NF and SV2) and glia (GFAP). In isl1:GFP fish, GFP‐positive processes are retained in the upper part of ventral horns and two subsets of cell bodies are observed. The pattern of the transgene in hb9:GFP adults is more diffuse and fibers are present broadly through the adult spinal cord. In alx/chx10 and evx1 lines we respectively observed two and three different GFP‐positive populations. Finally, the ngn1:GFP transgene identifies dorsal root ganglion and some cells in dorsal horns. Interestingly some GFP positive fibers in ngn1:GFP fish are located around Mauthner axons and their density seems to be related to a rostrocaudal gradient. Many other cell types have been described in embryos and need to be studied in adults. Our findings provide a reference for further studies on spinal cytoarchitecture. Combined with physiological, histological and pathological/traumatic approaches, these studies will help clarify the operation of spinal locomotor circuits of adult zebrafish. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Develop Neurobiol 76: 642–660, 2016
Gastrointestinal complications associated with anorexia nervosa: A systematic review
Authors: Norris Mark L. , Harrison Megan E. , Isserlin Leanna , Robinson Amy , Feder Stephen , Sampson Margaret
Published: September 2015

Objective

A systematic review identifying gastrointestinal (GI) complications attributable to anorexia nervosa (AN) was completed.

Method

Studies of any design exploring the pathogenesis of complications and treatment strategies were included. The review was completed in accordance with PRISMA standards.

Results

A total of 123 articles were retained, including one randomized control trial. The majority of included studies were case reports and case series. Controlled studies demonstrated that patients with AN were more likely to have delays in gastric motility, gastric emptying and intestinal transit than comparator groups although results were not uniform across all studies. Published reports suggest that complications can occur at any segment of the GI tract. These issues may derive as a consequence of severe malnourishment, from eating disorder related symptoms such as self‐induced purging or from the refeeding process itself. Multiple studies noted that patients with AN report high rates of GI symptoms although in the few cases where medical testing was undertaken, correlations between self‐reported symptoms and measurable pathology were not demonstrated.

Discussion

GI complications may occur throughout the entire GI tract in patients with AN. It is recommended that clinicians use careful judgment when pursuing targeted investigation or introducing symptom specific treatments in response to GI complaints. Evidence suggests that most GI complications resolve with refeeding and cessation of ED symptoms.
Stabilizing proteins for affinity capillary electrophoresis using ionic liquid aqueous two phase systems: Pharmaceuticals and human serum albumin
Authors: El‐Hady Deia Abd , Albishri Hassan M. , Rengarajan Rajesh , Deeb Sami El , Wätzig Hermann
Published: September 2015

Recently, ionic liquids (ILs) are finding ever broader scope within pharmaceutical and bioanalytical applications. In the current work, ACE binding measurements of tryptophan (Try)‐HSA, chlorambucil (CHL)‐HSA, and dacarbazine (DTIC)‐HSA complexes were estimated in the absence or presence of several short chain imidazolium ILs within the range of concentrations of 10.0–1000.0 μmol/L that are far below the critical micelle concentrations of ILs. Results indicated that the value of binding constant of Trp‐HSA was dramatically deviated in the presence of 1000.0 μmol/L 1‐decyl‐3‐methylimidazolium bromide (DMIMBr) IL. However, interestingly, there is no any deviation for the Trp‐HSA binding constant with 100.0 μmol/L 1‐butyl‐3‐methylimidazolium bromide (BMIMBr) IL as an adjuvant additive in 67.0 mmol/L phosphate buffer at pH 7.4. This finding was further used to estimate the binding constants of important but weakly binding substances of CHL and DTIC antitumors with HSA; their binding constants were also estimated by HPAC giving data in good agreement with that revealed by ACE. These achievements were attributed to the significant improvement of HSA stability by combination with BMIMBr IL through hydrogen bond, electrostatic, and π–π forces. In addition, the use of 100.0 μmol/L BMIMBr extended the stability of native HSA solution stored under the ambient lab conditions up to 25 days with significant improvements in the precision of ACE binding data.
Anaerobic co‐digestion of cow manure and barley: Effect of cow manure to barley ratio on methane production and digestion stability
Authors: Akyol Çağrı , Ozbayram Emine Gozde , Ince Orhan , Kleinsteuber Sabine , Ince Bahar
Published: September 2015

Anaerobic co‐digestion of cow manure (CM) and barley (Hordeum vulgare, HV) was evaluated in terms of biochemical methane potentials with respect to five different CM to HV mixing ratios of 1:0, 2:1, 1:1, 1:2, and 0:1 based on volatile solids (VS) contents. Bacterial community composition of the seed sludge was examined using 454 pyrosequencing of 16S rRNA gene sequences. Based on the taxonomic classification, major bacterial phyla belonged to the Firmicutes (42%) and Bacteroidetes (22%). Co‐digestion of CM and barley was superior at all mixing ratios when compared with the digestion of CM alone. The digestion systems failed at the ratio of 0:1, and there was no methane production. The presence of barley caused high acidification, but there was no volatile fatty acids accumulation at the end of the digestion. Highest specific methane productions were obtained at CM to HV mixing ratios of 2:1 and 1:1 as 216 CH4/g VS and 230 CH4/g VS, respectively. Because of the highest specific methane production, the optimal CM to HV mixing ratio was found to be 1:1 in this study. © 2015 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Environ Prog, 35: 589–595, 2016
To Squeeze or Not to Squeeze? That Is No Longer the Question
Authors: Ben‐Abdallah Ramzi , Breton Michèle
Published: September 2015

This paper provides an investigation into an anomaly called a short squeeze, in the CBOT T‐Bonds Futures Market, for the period spanning January 1985 to December 2014. A short squeeze occurs when market manipulations cause the cheapest‐to‐deliver bond to be in short supply, resulting in significant price distortions. The incentive for market manipulation, or squeeze potential, is evaluated over the last 30 years and is related to documented episodes of the CBOT futures market. It is observed that conditions are presently very favorable to the occurrence of short squeezes, and that shortages would imply large losses for short traders. We also find that the incentive for market manipulation would be significantly reduced by lowering the notional underlying security coupon rate. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Jrl Fut Mark 36:647–670, 2016
The speed of swelling kinetics modulates cell volume regulation and calcium signaling in astrocytes: A different point of view on the role of aquaporins
Authors: Mola Maria Grazia , Sparaneo Angelo , Gargano Concetta Domenica , Spray David C. , Svelto Maria , Frigeri Antonio , Scemes Eliana , Nicchia Grazia Paola
Published: September 2015

Regulatory volume decrease (RVD) is a process by which cells restore their original volume in response to swelling. In this study, we have focused on the role played by two different Aquaporins (AQPs), Aquaporin‐4 (AQP4), and Aquaporin‐1 (AQP1), in triggering RVD and in mediating calcium signaling in astrocytes under hypotonic stimulus. Using biophysical techniques to measure water flux through the plasma membrane of wild‐type (WT) and AQP4 knockout (KO) astrocytes and of an astrocyte cell line (DI TNC1) transfected with AQP4 or AQP1, we here show that AQP‐mediated fast swelling kinetics play a key role in triggering and accelerating RVD. Using calcium imaging, we show that AQP‐mediated fast swelling kinetics also significantly increases the amplitude of calcium transients inhibited by Gadolinium and Ruthenium Red, two inhibitors of the transient receptor potential vanilloid 4 (TRPV4) channels, and prevented by removing extracellular calcium. Finally, inhibition of TRPV4 or removal of extracellular calcium does not affect RVD. All together our study provides evidence that (1) AQP influenced swelling kinetics is the main trigger for RVD and in mediating calcium signaling after hypotonic stimulus together with TRPV4, and (2) calcium influx from the extracellular space and/or TRPV4 are not essential for RVD to occur in astrocytes. GLIA 2016;64:139–154
Justice Roberts Gets It
Authors: Hall Mark A.
Published: September 2015

Opponents of the Affordable Care Act have attempted to topple it in court by challenging the legality of two of its three legs. Three years ago, in NFIB v. Sibelius, Chief Justice Roberts narrowly upheld the constitutionality of the individual mandate, in a 5‐to‐4 decision that characterized the mandate as an optional tax rather than as a regulatory command. This year, on June 25, the health policy community exhaled a giant sigh of relief when the Supreme Court upheld the subsidy leg of the ACA structure. In King v. Burwell, Justice Roberts again wrote the majority opinion (this time for six members that included Justice Kennedy), ruling as a matter of statutory interpretation that subsidies for insurance premiums are available not just through state‐based exchanges but also through the federal exchange.
Can Genetics Research Benefit Educational Interventions for All?
Authors: Asbury Kathryn
Published: September 2015

Pretty much everyone knows that our genes have at least something to do with how able or how high achieving we are. Some believe that we should not speak of this common knowledge, nor inquire into how genetic influence works or what it might mean. If we do not keep an open mind to the fact of genetic influence on academic achievement, however, then we cannot explore its possible implications. And if we do not consider the implications, then we cannot, as a society, harness any potential benefits or avoid possible pitfalls. So that's what this essay is about—exploring what behavioral genetics research might be able to offer to educational theory, policy, and practice.

We cannot yet use biological information to make accurate predictions for all children. We do know, however, that academic achievement is heritable, which is to say that differences between individuals are influenced by differences in their DNA. If genes are part of the problem for some pupils (to take the negative spin on this), then it seems likely that studying them could be part of a solution. And that's what behavioral geneticists are trying to do—to chart and understand pathways from DNA to behavior and to identify interventions that can maximize outcomes for all. The fact is, though, that we have an awfully long way to go.
Education as a Response toNHRDGaps in Developing Economies: A Case Study of l'Ecole de Choix/The School of Choice (Haiti), as Critical National Human Resource Development
Authors: Gedro Julie , Hartman Laura Pincus
Published: September 2015

Our case study examines national human resource development in Haiti, a developing country that has not yet been carefully studied withinNHRDresearch. Using a descriptive case study approach, we collected data through participant observation and documents of an innovative elementary school. Data analysis revealed a gap between Haiti's educational standards and qualityNHRDoutcomes, and that theNHRDliterature can be broadened through case study research that focuses on countries that lack a well‐articulated and ‐executed strategy forNHRD.
Differential osteogenic potential of human adipose‐derived stem cells co‐cultured with human osteoblasts on polymeric microfiber scaffolds
Authors: Rozila Ismail , Azari Pedram , Munirah Sha'ban , Wan Safwani Wan Kamarul Zaman , Gan Seng Neon , Nur Azurah Abdul Ghani , Jahendran Jeevanan , Pingguan‐Murphy Belinda , Chua Kien Hui
Published: September 2015

The osteogenic potential of human adipose‐derived stem cells (HADSCs) co‐cultured with human osteoblasts (HOBs) using selected HADSCs/HOBs ratios of 1:1, 2:1, and 1:2, respectively, is evaluated. The HADSCs/HOBs were seeded on electrospun three‐dimensional poly[(R)−3‐hydroxybutyric acid] (PHB) blended with bovine‐derived hydroxyapatite (BHA). Monocultures of HADSCs and HOBs were used as control groups. The effects of PHB–BHA scaffold on cell proliferation and cell morphology were assessed by AlamarBlue assay and field emission scanning electron microscopy. Cell differentiation, cell mineralization, and osteogenic‐related gene expression of co‐culture HADSCs/HOBs were examined by alkaline phosphatase (ALP) assay, alizarin Red S assay, and quantitative real time PCR, respectively. The results showed that co‐culture of HADSCs/HOBs, 1:1 grown into PHB–BHA promoted better cell adhesion, displayed a significant higher cell proliferation, higher production of ALP, extracellular mineralization and osteogenic‐related gene expression of run‐related transcription factor, bone sialoprotein, osteopontin, and osteocalcin compared to other co‐culture groups. This result also suggests that the use of electrospun PHB–BHA in a co‐culture HADSCs/HOBs system may serve as promising approach to facilitate osteogenic differentiation activity of HADSCs through direct cell‐to‐cell contact with HOBs. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 104A: 377–387, 2016.
Biomimetic hybrid porous scaffolds immobilized with platelet derived growth factor‐BBpromote cellularization and vascularization in tissue engineering
Authors: Murali Ragothaman , Ponrasu Thangavel , Cheirmadurai Kalirajan , Thanikaivelan Palanisamy
Published: September 2015

Development of hybrid scaffolds with synergistic combination of growth factor is a promising approach to promote earlyin vivowound repair and tissue regeneration. Here, we show the rapid wound healing in Wistar albino rats using biomimetic collagen‐poly(dialdehyde) guar gum based hybrid porous scaffolds covalently immobilized with platelet derived growth factor‐BB. The immobilized platelet derived growth factor in the hybrid scaffolds not only enhance the total protein, collagen, hexosamine, and uronic acid contents in the granulation tissue but also provide stronger tissues. The wound closure analysis reveal that the complete epithelialization period is 15.4 ± 0.9 days for collagen‐poly(dialdehyde) guar gum‐platelet derived growth factor hybrid scaffolds, whereas it is significantly higher for control, collagen, collagen‐ poly(dialdehyde) guar gum and povidine‐iodine treated groups. Further, the histological evaluation shows that the immobilized platelet derived growth factor in the hybrid scaffolds induced a more robust cellular and vascular response in the implanted site. Hence, we demonstrate that the collagen‐poly(dialdehyde) guar gum hybrid scaffolds loaded with platelet derived growth factor stimulates chemotactic effects in the implanted site to promote rapid tissue regeneration and wound repair without the assistance of antibacterial agents. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 104A: 388–396, 2016.
The PyPES library of high quality semi‐global potential energy surfaces
Authors: Sibaev Marat , Crittenden Deborah L.
Published: September 2015

In this article, we present a Python‐based library of high quality semi‐global potential energy surfaces for 50 polyatomic molecules with up to six atoms. We anticipate that these surfaces will find widespread application in the testing of new potential energy surface construction algorithms and nuclear ro‐vibrational structure theories. To this end, we provide the ability to generate the energy derivatives required for Taylor series expansions to sixth order about any point on the potential energy surface in a range of common coordinate systems, including curvilinear internal, Cartesian, and normal mode coordinates. The PyPES package, along with FORTRAN, C, MATLAB and Mathematica wrappers, is available at http://sourceforge.net/projects/pypes-lib. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Prenatal diagnosis of proximal focal femoral deficiency: Literature review of prenatal sonographic findings
Authors: D'Ambrosio Valentina , Pasquali Gaia , Squarcella Antonia , Marcoccia Eleonora , Filippis Angela De , Gatto Silvia , Camilla Aliberti , Pizzuti Antonio , Torre Renato La , Giancotti Antonella
Published: September 2015

Proximal focal femoral deficiency (PFFD) is a rare musculoskeletal malformation that occurs in 0.11–0.2 per 10,000 live births. This congenital anomaly involves the pelvis and proximal femur with widely variable manifestations, from mild femoral shortening and hypoplasia to the absence of any functional femur and acetabular aplasia. Prenatal diagnosis of PFFD is still a challenge, but early recognition of this malformation could provide useful information to both parents and physicians concerning management and therapeutic planning. For this review, we analyzed all the cases of prenatally diagnosed PFFD that were reported in the literature from 1990 to 2014 and provide a description of the most common prenatal sonographic findings. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Ultrasound 44:252–259, 2016
Statistical control in correlational studies: 10 essential recommendations for organizational researchers
Authors: Becker Thomas E. , Atinc Guclu , Breaugh James A. , Carlson Kevin D. , Edwards Jeffrey R. , Spector Paul E.
Published: September 2015

Statistical control is widely used in correlational studies with the intent of providing more accurate estimates of relationships among variables, more conservative tests of hypotheses, or ruling out alternative explanations for empirical findings. However, the use of control variables can produce uninterpretable parameter estimates, erroneous inferences, irreplicable results, and other barriers to scientific progress. As a result, methodologists have provided a great deal of advice regarding the use of statistical control, to the point that researchers might have difficulties sifting through and prioritizing the available suggestions. We integrate and condense this literature into a set of 10 essential recommendations that are generally applicable and which, if followed, would substantially enhance the quality of published organizational research. We provide explanations, qualifications, and examples following each recommendation. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A probabilistic approach to ship voyage reconstruction in ICOADS
Authors: Carella Giulia , Kent Elizabeth C. , Berry David I.
Published: September 2015

The International Comprehensive Ocean‐Atmosphere Data Set (ICOADS) provides the main archive for surface marine observations for the past approximately 150 years. ICOADS ship identifier (ID) information is often missing or unusable, preventing the linking of reports to an individual ship. A method for the reconstruction of ship voyages in ICOADS is presented, by which groups of reports can be associated with an individual ship or ship track. The method defines a function representing the probability density function (pdf) of any particular report being associated with a group of reports. The parameters of the pdf are calculated from the ship data themselves, giving the likely variation of a ship report perpendicular to its overall direction of travel. For groups of reports with ID information, the PDF is used to associate reports without ID information with the known‐ID track. Reports without ID information are then clustered together to form the most probable track. Results are shown for the period 1855–1969. Both the percentage of reports associated with tracks and the length of those tracks increase substantially following tracking. Initial validation of the results was performed by visual inspection: the model implementation was then refined to improve the results. Confidence in the tracking is increased by a demonstration that the method clusters together reports with similar sea surface temperature characteristics. Issues in the data were found to be one of the main challenges in implementing the tracking technique. Particular problems encountered included the coarse resolution of some position information; reports that were mispositioned in either space or time; unidentified duplicate reports; and the fragmentation of voyages between different ICOADS acquisition sources. Some of these effects could be ameliorated by pre‐processing of ICOADS reports, however a full reprocessing of the historical input sources to ICOADS would be required to make further improvements.
Ultraviolet light‐emitting‐diode irradiation inhibits TNF‐α and IFN‐γ‐induced expression of ICAM‐1 and STAT1 phosphorylation in human keratinocytes
Authors: Kwon Tae‐Rin , Oh Chang Taek , Choi Eun Ja , Kim Soon Re , Jang Yu‐Jin , Ko Eun Jung , Suh Daewoong , Yoo Kwang Ho , Kim Beom Joon
Published: September 2015

Background and Objectives

Ultraviolet light‐emitting diodes (UV‐LEDs) are a novel light source for phototherapy. This research investigated the in vitro safety and efficacy of UV‐LEDs as a phototherapeutic device for atopic dermatitis (AD).

Study Design/Materials and Methods

Human keratinocytes and fibroblasts were irradiated by UV‐LEDs with a center wavelength of 310 and 340 nm. We examined the effects of UV‐LED irradiation on the suppression of TNF‐α/IFN‐γ‐induced activation of STAT1 and ICAM‐1 and on NF‐κB expression; we used the following methods: cell viability assay, reverse transcription‐polymerase chain reaction, enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay, Western blotting, and immunocytochemistry.

Results

We observed anti‐inflammatory responses through the suppression of TNF‐α/IFN‐γ‐induced expression of TARC and MCP‐1/CCL2, IL‐1beta, IL‐6, and sICAM‐1 via blockage of ICAM‐1 activation and subsequent activation of STAT1 and NF‐κB. The results suggested that UV‐LED irradiation inhibited ICAM expression by suppressing TNF‐α/IFN‐γ‐induced NF‐κB activation in vitro.

Conclusion

We concluded that novel UV‐LED (310 and 340 nm) modalities were effective for the treatment of AD and may be promising for the treatment of inflammatory skin diseases. Lasers Surg. Med. 47:824–832, 2015. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Corrosion of aluminum alloys Al 6061 and Al 2024 in ammonium nitrate‐urea solution
Authors: Starostin M. , Shter G. E. , Grader G. S.
Published: September 2015

The corrosion behavior of two aluminum alloys Al 6061 T6 and Al 2024 T3 was investigated in a low carbon fuel consisting of concentrated aqueous solutions of ammonium nitrate and urea (ANU). Weight loss, potentiodynamic polarization, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy techniques were applied to study the alloys corrosion behavior. Results obtained showed that a corrosion resistance passive film was formed on the surface of both aluminum alloys in solutions of pure ANU and ANU containing up to 1% NaCl. No flawed regions were found on the surface of either alloy after immersion in both solutions for 1500 h. However, immersion of the metals into pure 1% NaCl solution resulted in corroded regions immediately after immersion. The results received from weight loss, polarization, and impedance measurements are in excellent agreement. The high corrosion resistance of both Al alloys in the ANU solution containing up to 1 wt% NaCl support a safe usage of these materials for construction of storage containers and piping of these solutions.
Interdisciplinary treatment of post‐concussion and post‐traumatic headaches
Authors: Ducic Ivica , Sinkin Jeremy C. , Crutchfield Kevin E.
Published: September 2015

Introduction

Chronic headaches following concussion are debilitating and difficult to treat. Commonly employed initial therapeutic modalities include pharmacologic, physical, and psychological interventions. Despite these efforts, a subset of patients with chronic pain remains. Peripheral nerve surgery has never before been reported as an effective treatment for the management of post‐concussion headaches. In this study, we report on our early outcomes following peripheral nerve surgery for this novel indication.

Methods

A retrospective review of 28 consecutive patients with post‐concussion headaches who underwent occipital nerve surgery was performed. Preoperative and postoperative headache pain was evaluated on visual analog scale (VAS) in 24 patients with at least 6 months follow‐up.

Results

The average VAS headache pain reduced from 6.4 preoperatively, to 1.4 (P < 0.0001). Twenty‐one patients (88%) had a successful outcome of at least a 50% reduction in their VAS following peripheral nerve surgery. Additionally, twelve patients (50%) were pain free at time of final follow‐up. There were no surgical complications.

Conclusions

Early results indicate peripheral nerve surgery is a safe and effective new therapy for post‐concussion headaches in the properly selected patients, whose chronic pain persists despite initial treatments by a neurologist, specialized in headache management. Future studies should focus on larger patient populations, and examine the long‐term durability of outcome. In the meantime, an interdisciplinary approach involving neurologists and a peripheral nerve surgeon is suggested for the care of patients with refractory chronic post‐concussion occipital neuralgia and other post‐traumatic chronic headaches. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microsurgery 35:603–607, 2015.
Compact wideband and dual‐band antenna with directional patterns
Authors: Wang Hao , Liu Shu‐Fang , Zhang Lei , Li Ping , Chen Lei , Shi Xiao‐Wei
Published: September 2015

A compact wideband and dual‐band antenna with directional patterns is proposed. The antenna is mainly composed of three substrates, a rectangular radiation patch, a slotted ground, a microstrip feed line, and an L‐shaped feeding structure that consists of a rectangular patch and a cuboid metal. Using the L‐shaped feeding structure, the antenna can operate in a high‐order mode, and a wideband and dual‐band antenna is achieved. The measured impedance bandwidths are 10.0% (12.3–13.6 GHz) for the lower frequency band, and 22.3% (16.7–20.9 GHz) for the higher frequency band. The radiation patterns at two pass‐bands are stable, and the average gains at lower and higher frequency are 7.0 dBi and 5.7 dBi, respectively. The details of the antenna design, the operation mechanism, and the simulated and measured results are presented. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 57:2742–2745, 2015
A compact UWB antenna with reconfigurable dual notch bands
Authors: Srivastava Gunjan , Dwari Santanu , Kanaujia Binod Kumar
Published: September 2015

To effectively utilize the entire ultrawideband (UWB) spectrum in case of no interference scenarios, a UWB antenna having reconfigurable dual band notch characteristics at WiMAX and WLAN band of frequencies is presented in this article. The p‐i‐n diodes and capacitors are properly placed in the UWB antenna to achieve the reconfigurable band notch function. The proposed antenna has the wide impedance bandwidth of 8 GHz (from 2.7 to 10.7 GHz). The four possible combinations of three p‐i‐n diodes are used to obtain single/dual reconfigurable notch bands in entire UWB band. The rejected WiMAX and WLAN band of frequencies are centered at 3.6 GHz and 5.5 GHz, respectively. The size of the proposed antenna is 27 × 32 mm2. The measured results are in good agreement with the simulated results. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 57:2737–2742, 2015
Dual‐band bandpass filter based on λ/4‐resonators for Wi‐Fi application
Authors: Barbuddhye Vinod , Kakade Anandrao
Published: September 2015

This article presents, a novel dual‐band bandpass filter based on λ/4 uniform impedance resonators (UIRs). The design consists of four λ/4 UIRs, two for each band. The λ/4‐resonators are coupled through alternate J/K‐inverters. A weak input–output coupling is introduced to add pair of transmission zeros outside each passband, which improves the cut‐off of the filter. The filter is designed for Wi‐Fi 2.4 and 3.6 GHz bands. The filter is designed in FEKO electromagnetic simulator using FR‐4 substrate having dielectric constant 4.4 and thickness of 1.6 mm. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 57:2758–2761, 2015
A novel combinatorial triangle‐type AMC structure for RCS reduction
Authors: Hong Tao , Dong Han , Wang Jun , Ning Huansheng , Wei Yuan , Mao Lingfeng
Published: September 2015

A novel combinatorial triangle‐type artificial magnetic conductor (AMC) structure for radar cross section (RCS) reduction is presented in this article. The AMC part in conventional chessboard configuration is replaced with four triangle‐type AMC parts, so that the power can be transferred into more directions leading to the peak scattered field reduction. A simplified model is constructed to analyze the behavior of the proposed structure. The simulated results show that the peak value is reduced by more than 5 dB compared with the conventional chessboard configuration and the bistatic RCS is below −10 dB in a wide angular range from theta = −25° to 25°. Moreover, measurement of the monostatic RCS for the proposed structure is also conducted. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 57:2728–2732, 2015
Reduced size of slotted‐fractal Koch log‐periodic antenna for 802.11af TVWS application
Authors: Rahman Nur Akmal Abd. , Jamlos Mohd Faizal , Lago Herwansyah , Jamlos Mohd Aminudin , Soh P. J. , Al‐Hadi Azremi Abdullah
Published: September 2015

A reduced size of log‐periodic fractal Koch antenna (LPFKA) design with rectangular slots for Television White Space Spectrum (TVWS) bands application is proposed in this letter. The new introduced design technique of tilted rectangular slots into the fractal Koch radiating elements found out to enhance the impedance bandwidth as well as realizing high gain and reducing the size of log‐periodic antenna. The 10 LPFKA's radiating elements are located on both sides of the substrate in a crisscross arrangement and obtained 15.3% miniaturization as well as 50.79% bandwidth and maximum of 36% gain increment. The proposed antenna has a largest dimension of 305 × 280 mm2, that is 0.44λ × 0.48λ over the lowest operating frequency of the 0.47–0.79 GHz TVWS bands. This antenna exhibits high gains of between 4.41 and 7.2 dBi and stable radiation patterns throughout the required UHF TVWS bands. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 57:2732–2737, 2015
A stacked sierpinski gasket fractal antenna with a defected ground structure for UWB/WLAN/RADIO astronomy/STM Link applications
Authors: Kaur Amanpreet , Khanna Rajesh , Kartikeyan Machavaram V.
Published: September 2015

An aperture coupled stacked Sierpinski gasket fractal antenna with a defected ground structure is proposed in the current article for ultra wide band (UWB) and wireless local area network (WLAN) applications. The radiating structure is formed of two Sierpinski gasket fractal patch antenna layers on two layers of FR4 substrate stacked one over the other. This stacked structure is fed by a third (bottom) layer also of FR4 substrate, with ground layer at its top and the feed line with a stub, at the bottom. The top ground layer has a ‘†’ shaped slot cut in it to provide a wideband behavior to the antenna, and the feed line is designed with a stub to provide circular polarization to the EM fields radiated by the proposed antenna. The antenna is designed using CST Microwave Studio version 2010 assuming perfect boundary conditions. The proposed antenna shows a dual band wideband behavior with an impedance bandwidth of 630 MHz (4.75–5.38 GHz) and 400 MHz (6.8–7.2 GHz) with a gain of 5.85 dB and 9.5 dB at the center frequencies of the two bands, respectively. The antenna is capable of covering two UWB bands from (4.75–5.28) GHz and (6.8–7.2) GHz, a radio astronomy band from (5.01–5.03) GHz and IEEE 802.11a band from (5.15–5.35) GHz. The prototype of the proposed antenna is tested using a VNA and an anechoic chamber to validate against the simulated results. The proposed antenna has volumetric dimensions of 6 × 6 × 0.483 cm3 which makes it a suitable choice for RF front end circuits. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 57:2786–2792, 2015
Broadband circularly polarized antennas with center‐slot‐feeding
Authors: Wu Jianjun , Hu Wei , Yin Yingzeng , Lian Ruina
Published: September 2015

Center‐slot‐feeding technique for circularly polarized (CP) antennas is presented in this letter. The first CP patch is cut by T‐shaped crossed slot with different lengths. And the second is a corner‐truncated patch with H‐shaped slot. Both of the antennas are fed by balance‐like parallel strips at the center. Measured results show that the antenna with crossed slot obtains bandwidths of 20.3% (2.21–2.71 GHz) for |S11| <−10 dB and 18.5% (2.16–2.6 GHz) for axial ratio (AR) <3dB. The corner‐truncated patch with parasitic strips has bandwidths of 23.9% (2.14–2.72 GHz) for |S11| <–10 dB and 17.1% (2.21–2.62 GHz) for AR <3 dB. Most notably, due to the slot‐center‐feeding mechanism, good radiation patterns with low cross polarization and stable gain of over 8 and 8.5 dBic are obtained. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 57:2793–2797, 2015
A compact K‐band electromagnetic band gap antenna design for communication systems
Authors: Kandwal Abhishek , Pongpaibool Pornanong , Siwamogsatham Siwaruk
Published: September 2015

This article proposed a novel compact antenna design for K‐band applications using electromagnetic band gap (EBG) structure. A very compact design has been fabricated on a Rogers Duroid 4350 substrate and is multilayered with another substrate of similar dimensions. The design consists of circular patch and circular rings both as active antenna elements and EBG structures. The proposed antenna resonates at a frequency of 18.72 GHz with a wide band of about 1 GHz and a gain of 8.1 dBi along with a reduced side lobe level of −11.6 dB. The electromagnetic band structure incorporated along with a multilayer structure resulted in enhancement of impedance bandwidth and improvement in radiation characteristics. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 57:2778–2781, 2015
Measured characteristics of a planar array of parasitic elements fed by one active element
Authors: Salas‐Sánchez Aaron A. , Fondevila‐Gómez Javier , Rodríguez‐González Juan A. , Ares‐Pena Francisco J.
Published: September 2015

An antenna design based on the use of an active dipole placed above a ground plane with an array of parasitic dipoles is presented. The presence of the parasitic dipoles increases the effective antenna size and significantly improves directivity over that of an isolated dipole in front of a ground plane. In addition, the use of just one active element makes for a very simple feed network that reduces the complexity of the antenna. As an application of this technique, a planar array of 48 parasitic dipoles above a ground plane, fed by a single active dipole at 5 GHz, was designed to afford a pencil beam pattern of moderate gain and bandwidth. Measurements agree well with theory. With a protective radome in place, directivity and gain were, respectively, 15.30 and 14.78 dB, the sidelobe level −6.15 dB, and the bandwidth 12.7% for S11 < −10 dB and 3.1% for gain loss <3 dB. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 57:2807–2809, 2015
Null‐spot control of magnetic field enabled by manipulating current distribution in metallic loop array
Authors: Banerjee Debasish , Tanaka Hiroya , Iizuka Hideo
Published: September 2015

Loading a capacitor into a metallic loop allows one to tune the resonance frequency of the induced current on the loop and enhance the current amplitude for the normally incident magnetic field. We show that in an array of variable‐capacitor‐loaded loops, a null spot of the magnetic field generated some distance away can be moved laterally and crossed the array by manipulating current amplitude of each loop via the variable capacitor. We develop an analytic model for expressing the curl of the current source on the loop by using the delta function so that the magnetic field behavior in the vicinity of the array is characterized together with physical insight. Moreover, the control of a null spot is explained by the decomposition of the curl of current sources. The concept of a null‐spot control is crucial for manipulating the kilohertz/megahertz magnetic field. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 57:2891–2895, 2015
A planar equiangular spiral antenna with two annular rings
Authors: Sun Xu‐Bao , Cao Mao‐Yong , Jiang Lin
Published: September 2015

This article presents a novel antenna with an improved impedance bandwidth and axial ratio bandwidth. This new design is comprised of an equiangular spiral and two annular rings on the same plane. These are printed on a Taconic substrate with a dielectric constant of 2.2 and a thickness of 1.52 mm. The proposed antenna has good performance compared with the conventional equiangular spiral antenna. The simulation results are validated through experimental measurements, and the overall size of the spiral antenna is visibly reduced. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 57:2865–2867, 2015
Optical fiber temperature sensor based on modal interferometer comprising two peanut‐shape structures
Authors: Qian Ziheng , Gong Huaping , Yang Xiao , Ni Kai , Zhao Chun‐Liu , Dong Xinyong
Published: September 2015

An all‐fiber temperature sensor based on two peanut‐shape structures modal interferometer is demonstrated. The results show that a high temperature sensitivity of 63.7 pm/°C is acquired for the 30 mm sensor, and the strain sensitivity is as low as −0.86 pm/με. The cross sensitivity is only 0.013°C/με, which is suitable for temperature sensing. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 57:2841–2844, 2015
The design of broadband omnidirectional horizontally polarized dipole antennas with branch lines
Authors: Park Jae‐Sung , Choi Hak‐Keun
Published: September 2015

In this article, a broadband omnidirectional horizontally polarized dipole antenna with branch lines is proposed. The proposed antenna consists of a dipole element with T‐shaped branch lines arranged in a circle in four directions on one microstrip substrate; power is supplied through an integrated balun. To check the broadband characteristics of this antenna, its radiation characteristics were examined while changing the width of the feed line, the distance between the dipole antenna and the branch line, the length of the branch line, and the distance between branch lines. As a result, the return loss in a structure with no branch line was −10 dB or less in the 16% band of 1.7–2 GHz, but in the structure with branch lines, it was −15 dB or less in the 38% band of the PCS/IMT/WLAN (1.7–2.5 GHz), which is broader by about 500 MHz than in a conventional antenna. The gain of the proposed antenna was atleast 1 dBi in the band used. The proposed antenna has a thin profile, as it consists of a single substrate. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 57:2901–2905, 2015
Design of a tunable sequential power amplifier
Authors: Shao Jin , Ren Han , Zhou Mi , Arigong Bayaner , Ding Jun , Fu Song , Kim Hyoungsoo , Zhang Hualiang
Published: September 2015

A tunable sequential power amplifier (SPA) is presented in this article. The proposed SPA, including a tunable coupler, a carrier amplifier, a peaking amplifier, and a combining coupler is fabricated on Isola I‐TeraMTRF boards with 3.45 dielectric constant and 0.508 mm substrate thickness. A conventional SPA (nontunable) is also designed for reference and performance comparison. Measurement results show that the tunable SPA provides about 2 dB higher gain and 1 dB higher power output comparing with the reference design. The measurement results match well with the analysis. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 57:2899–2901, 2015
Switchable single/dual band filtering UWB antenna using parasitic element and T‐shaped stub wave cancellers
Authors: Badamchi Z. , Zehforoosh Y.
Published: September 2015

A new design of microstrip slot antenna with switchable single and dual band filtering functions for ultrawideband (UWB) applications is presented in this letter. To create filtering quality, in the proposed structure radiating patch is modified embedding two T‐shaped stubs into the radiating patch and also using coupling parasitic element on the ground plane. The measured impedance bandwidth for VSWR <2 is spread in frequency range of 3–16.9 GHz with a fractional bandwidth of 139.7% while filtering the interference with C‐band and wireless local area network systems at 3.4–4.28 GHz and 5.21–6.36 GHz, respectively. Introducing PIN diodes switches to the antenna structure has added an additional merit to the antenna performance which is switchable single/dual band filtering operation. The designed antenna has a simple structure with a very small size of 20 × 20 mm2 while presenting consistent almost omnidirectional radiation characteristics at its vast frequency range of operation. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 57:2946–2950, 2015
Compact triband bandpass filter with controllable bandwidths and high‐selectivity
Authors: Wang Liang , Zhu Zhao‐Jun , Lv Fei
Published: September 2015

A novel compact microstrip triband bandpass filter (BPF) with controllable bandwidths is proposed in this article. Two sets of short‐stub loaded dual‐mode resonators, which are designed for the second and third passband (1.8 GHz/3.5 GHz for GSM/WiMAX), respectively, and asymmetric λ/4 resonator pairs for the first passband (5.8 GHz for WLAN). The three passband frequencies and bandwidths could be independently controlled. To achieve high‐selectivity, a nonuniform coupled‐line with two U‐folded shapes on one line is then proposed to introduce an additional weak I/O cross coupling, thereby bringing one pair of transmission zeros at each side of all the triple passbands. Simulated and measured results are in good agreement indicating that the proposed BPF has respective fractional bandwidths of 6.0, 3.9, and 2.7% and a stopband region with 31 dB attenuation up to 9.7 GHz. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 57:2906–2908, 2015
Microstrip antennas design based in periodic and quasiperiodic PBG symmetries
Authors: Pereira Jonathan P. P. , da Silva José P. , de Ádller , Guimarães O.
Published: September 2015

In this article, the effect on radiation properties in a microstrip antenna through the use of different symmetries applied to structures based on photonic band gap is analyzed. The result obtained from computational simulation and measures of the constructed antennas shows a direct influence on the return loss. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 57:2914–2917, 2015
Turning Spiroketals Inside Out: A Rearrangement Triggered by an Enol Ether Epoxidation
Authors: Lorenc Chris , Saurí Josep , Moser Arvin , Buevich Alexei V. , Williams Antony J. , Williamson R. Thomas , Martin Gary E. , Peczuh Mark W.
Published: September 2015

Invited for this month's cover picture is the group of Professor Mark Peczuh at the University of Connecticut. The cover picture compares the rearrangement of a small molecule to the process of turning a stuffed animal inside out. The recycled, inside‐out stuffed animals are both artistic and philosophically provocative. They capture the essence of the rearrangement reaction because the compounds themselves turn inside out over the course of the reaction, extending the diversity of products that can arise from simple starting materials. Small molecules often have functional groups with latent reactivity; under the appropriate conditions, those groups can react with other compounds (e.g., reagents) and also with other groups in the same molecule in an intramolecular reaction. The research team found that the epoxidation of some highly functionalized spiroketal compounds promoted rearrangements of their structures that turned them inside out. Some of the features of the products led them to use X‐ray crystallography or a combination of computer‐assisted structure elucidation, computation, and a new version of the 1,1‐ADEQUATE NMR experiment to determine their structures. For more details, see the Communication on p. 577 ff.
Engineering large animal models of human disease
Authors: Whitelaw C Bruce A , Sheets Timothy P , Lillico Simon G , Telugu Bhanu P
Published: September 2015

The recent development of gene editing tools and methodology for use in livestock enables the production of new animal disease models. These tools facilitate site‐specific mutation of the genome, allowing animals carrying known human disease mutations to be produced. In this review, we describe the various gene editing tools and how they can be used for a range of large animal models of diseases. This genomic technology is in its infancy but the expectation is that through the use of gene editing tools we will see a dramatic increase in animal model resources available for both the study of human disease and the translation of this knowledge into the clinic. Comparative pathology will be central to the productive use of these animal models and the successful translation of new therapeutic strategies. © 2015 The Authors. The Journal of Pathology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland.