bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
USE OF WOOD ASH FROM CENTRALISED HEAT RECOVERY
Authors: Abele Lilita , Tidens Martins
Published: April 2023

The European Union (EU) is hurrying towards a climate-neutral economy, which includes increasing the use of renewable resources, including wood for heating. This direction means that the use of wood is increasing every year in the EU and beyond. The by-product of this activity, biofuel ash, is correspondingly increasing, so its further use should be considered a long-term issue.
Energy producers face the challenge of making the best use of ash and often landfill it, thus moving countries further away from the EU Directive target. EU Directive 1999/31/EC and the National Waste Management Plan 2021-2028 require the amount of municipal waste landfilled (% of municipal waste generated) in 2035 will not exceed 10%. Otherwise, EU countries may face significant penalties.
The energy produced from renewable energy sources (RES) In 2019, the total consumption of renewable energy sources (RES) in Latvia was 75.5 petajoules (PJ), according to the Central Statistical Office (CSO). In the five years 2015-2019, RES consumption increased by 16.7%. The decrease in RES consumption in 2019 was driven by a decrease in hydropower (HPP) generation, due to lower rainfall than in 2018. The main types of RES in Latvia are fuel wood (firewood, wood residues, fuel wood chips, wood briquettes, and wood pellets) and hydropower. Since 2010, the use of wood fuels for heat supply in Latvia has been increasing rapidly. Increasing the consumption of domestic energy sources reduces energy dependence on imported energy sources from 63.9% in 2005 to 44.3% in 2018. Fuel wood accounts for 82% of RES energy consumption. The share of fuel wood in total RES consumption was 82% in 2019 (80.7% in 2018). Biogas (landfill gas, sewage sludge gas, other biogas) consumption in 2019 was 3.4 PJ, 7.3% less than in 2018 (3.6 PJ), with a decrease of 8.1% or 0.3 PJ over the five years.
The study aims to help solve the problems of district heating companies by preventing waste generation and reducing the costs for companies in its disposal. In addition, it can reduce, albeit slightly, the tariffs of heating users for the heat supplied.
CLIMATE CHANGES IN THE LAST 30 YEARS STUDY CASE: WEST REGION ROMANIA
Authors: Chis Codruta , Okros Adalbert , Mircov Vlad
Published: April 2023

The climate changes represent an important problem in today-s society. Our study refers to the West Region of Romania, formed by the counties of Arad, Timis, Caras-Severin, Hunedoara, and it shows that there are significant differences regarding the climate changes between these counties.
In our paper, we analyze the evolution of annual, respectively seasonal precipitations , and of the minimal, maximal and medium air temperatures in the considered region in the time frame 1991-2021.
The statistical analysis of data shows an increase of the medium annual air temperatures, the observed changes being more pronounced in summer and winter. Beside the increase tendency of the air temperature in winter, one could observe also that the time of heat waves has become significantly longer in the West of Romania, such that the number of hot days is larger.
An increase of the maximum length of the periods without precipitation has been observed over the last decades in the west during summer, as well as monthly anomalies of temperatures and precipitations.
Annual estimates of the Climate Altering Land Cover Index are presented for the analyzed period and we observe that there is a positive correlation between these indices and the mean air temperature.
In conditions of the climate changes, the mean summer precipitations will reduce in the coming decades, which will affect the management of water resources and the agriculture, which leads to the necessity of adjustment to the climate changes.
ECOLOGICAL AND ECONOMIC ASPECTS OF MANURE MANAGEMENT - CONCLUSIONS FROM THE MILKEY AND MELS PROJECTS
Authors: Mazurkiewicz Jakub
Published: April 2023

The main purpose of the publication was to show the differences in revenues, costs and profits when using manure directly as a fertilizer (after storage) or as a substrate for a biogas plant equipped with a cogeneration unit, and then using the digestate for fertilization purposes. The comparison includes cost, revenue and profit streams throughout the year.
It also takes into account the introduction of additional co-substrates in order to increase the yield of biogas (biomethane), and thus the profits from the future investment.
Forecasts of the profitability of biogas investments were presented, taking into account the reduction of greenhouse gas emissions, i.e. methane and nitrous oxide, which are several dozen or even almost 300 times more harmful to the atmosphere than carbon dioxide.
The economic, energy and ecological accounts of manure management can serve as guidelines for pre-investment analysis when considering investments in biogas plants. In addition, the published data indicate that the energy management of cow manure is of great importance when estimating the carbon footprint of the entire dairy production. It should be expected that in the near future such solutions will become more and more popular almost all over the world. Input parameters of substrates, gaseous emissions and biogas (and biomethane) yields were obtained from own research (cow manure samples were taken from a working farm) and from literature sources, e.g. these were international and national IPCC (Intergovermetal Panel on Climate Change) protocols.
ELABORATION OF A FERTILIZATION PLAN: A CASE STUDY
Authors: Okros Adalbert , Mihut Casiana , Duma-Copcea Anisoara , Durau Carmen Claudia , Chis Codruta
Published: April 2023

This study presents a fertilization plan in Zadareni, Arad County, Romania, on an area of 113 ha cultivated with soybean and maize. The identified soils were mostly chernozem (108 ha) and eutricambosol (5 ha). Twenty-three soil samples were collected and, based on the soil analyses performed in the laboratory and on the specific consumption by the plants as kg/ha active substance, a series of calculations were made regarding the need for fertilizers for the two crops. A fertilisation plan was then elaborated taking into account the need for fertilizers on each plot, depending on area, soil type, soil properties, and crop. Results highlighted the fact that, on chernozem, there was a good content in humus, phosphorus, potassium, magnesium and copper, with restrictions only in texture, clay-clayey, and the content in magnesium found in excess, which can raise problems in the development of plants, with the risk plant phytotoxicity. On eutricambosol, the content in humus, magnesium and copper was good, with restrictions only in texture, clay, and the content in manganese found in excess, along with a poor phosphorus supply, which requires the application of larger quantities of phosphorus fertilizers. In conclusion, the two types of soil identified have good features; however, on some plots, the soil has a poorly alkaline reaction, which requires the application of gypsum amendments, a poor supply with humus, which requires organic fertilization, and manganese in excess, hindering the development of plants.
ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ANALYSING AND ASSESSING MODEL OF ENERGY RESOURCES USAGE TECHNOLOGIES
Authors: Tulbure Ildiko , Berca Marius
Published: April 2023

Humanity vision regarding available odds to design and exploit different technological applications by using for this goal diverse energy resources has been and continues to be directed to steadily increasing its quality of life. Made experiences have emphasized that industrial activities can have beside positive desired impacts on humanity quality of life also negative undesired ones. Conventional energy technologies have been since long applied, their impacts being especially perceivable on environment. Chances and challenges of using energy resources in energy supply systems have started to be carefully analyzed. Not only economic and technological assessment criteria have to be considered but also environmental and social ones. Related to these considerations a comprehensive holistic analysis and assessment can be carried out by using an appropriate model for energy resources usage technologies. In this context the analytical part for developing the environmental impact analyzing model will be coupled with a so-called -dynamic- assessment part based on a gradient assessment method of pollutants emissions. Proposed model will be applied for fossil fuels and for renewable energy resources by designing several possible energy resources usage scenarios by considering currently much debated European Green Deal. Finally future usage odds of energy resources will be debated for minimizing environmental impacts and for assuring sustainable energy supply systems for human society.
GIS ANALYZES ON THE URBAN HEAT ISLAND AND NEWLY BUILT AREAS THE CITY OF IASI
Authors: Gherasim Paul Marian , Telisca Marius , Dima Mihai , Dudau Cornel
Published: April 2023

The purpose of this work is to determine and evaluate how the newly built areas, in the municipality of Iasi, in the period 2016-2021, are affected by the Urban Island. The Urban Heat Island (UHI) represents the phenomenon of higher atmospheric and surface temperatures occurring in urban area or metropolitan area than in the surrounding rural zones due to urbanization.The data acquisition stage involved extracting construction data from the unique integrated national system of cadastre and real estate advertising, extracting data on buildings and green spaces from orthophotoplans, obtaining data from public service providers regarding utility networks, performing GNSS determinationsand extraction of temperature data for the city of Iasi for the period studied, in order to establish the urban heat island. MODIS satellite images were used to establish the urban heat island. All of the previously mentioned data were inserted into a GIS application and various analyzes and queries were performed. During the studied period, the temperature inside the heat island was 24-C during the night, and 34-C during the day. It was observed that the urban heat island was formed around the intensively built area in the middle of the studied area. It was found that the newly built areas in the city of Iasi are located in the area of the Urban Heat Island, which mainly occupies the central area of the city. This phenomenon is much more evident during the night. Also, the green spaces in the newly built area are insufficient to mitigate the effects of the heat island. I also specify the fact that the municipality of Iasi still does not comply with the regulation regarding the existence of a minimum of 20 square meters of green space per inhabitant. Based on the study, it can be concluded that, in the future, the local administration will no longer have to allow the construction of buildings in the area affected by the urban heat island, because the temperatures during the period when UHI affects the environment are very high and difficult to bear.
IDENTIFICATION OF THE CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TARGETED MANAGEMENT PRACTICES FOR ORGANIC SOIL MANAGEMENT IN THE BALTIC REGION
Authors: Licite Ieva , Popluga Dina
Published: April 2023

Organic soils can be a major source of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions in countries with high peat soil coverage, and emissions are observed in both sectors of agriculture and land use, land use change and forestry. This phenomenon is well-known and persistent in the Nordic part of Europe, but proper soil management practices are not often exhaustively understood and present. This study aims to assess the current situation by identifying the climate change mitigation (CCM) targeted management practices on organic soils managed for agriculture in the Baltic region. We did an expert questionnaire and screened the climate change and agriculture-related policy documents by identifying implemented or politically supported practices in the researched countries and looking for GHG mitigation practices with the most significant future potential. The assessment revealed a general lack of proper policy planning around organic soil management, a lack of direct measures and quantitative GHG mitigation estimates allowing adequate monitoring and reporting of the GHG effects into national GHG inventory reports; however, the situation differs among countries. Guidance on potential GHG mitigation through organic soil management suggests six management practices with the potentially most significant potential in the temperate cool and moist climate zone - conversion of cropland used for cereal production into grassland considering periodic ploughing, controlled drainage of grassland considering even groundwater level during the whole vegetation period, the introduction of legumes in conventional farm crop rotation, agroforestry of fast-growing trees and grass, conventional afforestation and paludiculture by afforestation of grassland with black alder and birch.
NOISE - DISRUPTIVE FACTOR IN WORK
Authors: Simion Sorin , Gaman George Artur , Gaman Angela , Pupazan Daniel , Simion Alexandru
Published: April 2023

Noise is a "by-product of technological metabolism", omnipresent in most workplaces, representing one of the discomfort factors for personnel working in the presence of this noxae.
Knowledge of risks generated by exposure to noise specific to each activity carried out, allow quantification of the effects on workers such as: masking, auditory fatigue, sound trauma, acute hypoacusis, professional deafness.
Accidental exposure to noise leads to auditory fatigue, which is a transient and reversible phenomenon, but prolonged exposure to high-intensity noise in work environments generates occupational diseases, eventually leading to permanent and irreversible loss of hearing (occupational deafness). The issue of noise is also of undeniable importance from an economic point of view, because of the low yield generated by discomfort associated to noise and errors in performing various operations, mostly caused by attention distraction.
Because of mechanization and increased work speed, the number of people exposed to noise is constantly increasing.
The current paper analyses the way in which noise generated by technological processes in the automotive industry influences the activity of workers, because the automotive industry represents one of the most developed and dynamic economic sectors, cars being manufactured in a sustained manner because the supply-demand ratio is extremely high. Preventive activity regarding noise exposure must be based on noise level determinations. In this sense, the purpose of the paper is the analysis of noise determinations carried out at an economic operator in the automotive sector, namely the production of metal subassemblies for car bodies and comparison of values obtained with the limit values set by in force legislation, in order to assess the degree of exposure to occupational risk factors present during normal working time.
POSSIBILITIES OF ENVIRONMENTAL EDUCATION IN ELIMINATING RISKY BEHAVIOR OF PUPILS IN CONNECTION WITH AIR POLLUTION
Authors: Grecmanova Helena , Diechova Elena , Dzuriakova Jana
Published: April 2023

Environmental education is one of the cross-cutting topics in the school system of the Slovak Republic. Cross-cutting topics have a globally and socially significant character, and schools must educate students about these topics either by implementing them into the content of compulsory subjects (e.g. language teaching, mathematics, history...), or by cross-cutting topics can also be taught as separate subjects. Environmental education focuses primarily on how to teach students a positive approach to the environment and its protection. Within individual activities, students learn not only how to protect the environment, but also how to motivate others to do so. Preventive activities can also eliminate negative attitudes of students and their negative behavior. One of the key thematic units of environmental education in schools is the prevention of air pollution and thus the prevention of pupils' risky behavior in this direction. Topics such as the ability to understand the importance of air as a necessary need for humanity and life on our planet are also emphasized within the environmental education curriculum; the importance of air for living organisms, air pollution by human activity (industry, transport, household), the negative impact of polluted air on the environment and human health. Protection of air from pollution. Every student can also participate in school projects related to environmental protection, such as earth day, and cleaning the classroom and school surroundings.
THE EVOLUTION OF SOME PEDO-CLIMATIC PARAMETERS, DEFINING ELEMENTS OF ADAPTATION STRATEGIES OF AGRICULTURAL SYSTEMS TO THE EFFECTS OF CLIMATE CHANGE
Authors: David Gheorghe , Tarau Dorin , Samfira Ionel , Dicu Daniel Dorin , Feier-David Saida
Published: April 2023

The main purpose of our research was to accumulate as much scientific data as possible, regarding the properties of the soil (physical, chemical and hydrophysical) of the various types of soil, necessary to establish strategies for adapting agricultural systems to the effects of climate change, through a complex approach of physical-geographical and climatic-edaphic conditions in the Western part of Romania, respectively, the Mure?-Gala?ca Plain. Its general objectives consist in the accumulation of scientific data, necessary for the foundation of certain technologies of culture, for the wide diversity of cultivated species and varieties intended to ensure the conservation of the edaphic cover and sustainable management of soil and water resources and adaptation of agricultural systems to the effects of climate change. The reference area includes an area of 113079 ha, from which 103531 ha agricultural lands that are part of the Aranca Plain and the Galatca Plain, as a component part of the Mures Plain. This is due to the locationat the interference between the low plain and the high plain, from the former Mures delta, presents varied geological and physical-geographical conditions, which conditioned the formation of an edaphic coverrepresented by several types of soil, such as: psamosols, alluviosols, chernosols, pelosols, vertosols, salsodisols. That area, during an agricultural year, it usually presents two extreme situations, respectively: excess humidity in the cold season and deficit humidity in the warm period of the year. Both situations generating a series of forms of water stress with negative effects on the productivity and quality of agroecosystems.
THE USE OF NATURAL ZEOLITES OF TRANSCARPATHIA TO SOLVE ENVIRONMENTAL PROBLEMS
Authors: Sych Oleksandr , Vuchkan Svyatoslav , Vasylyeva Hanna , Karbovanets Myroslav , Yevych Marianna
Published: April 2023

Purification of aqueous solutions from radionuclide contamination is an extremely problematic topic, which is the subject of many scientific papers. This scientific topic is very relevant to Ukraine. In particular, the synthetic adsorbents � activated carbon, zeolites, metal oxide-adsorbents TiO2, titanium or zirconium phosphates, ion exchange resins, etc., are often used for the removal of heavy metal cations Pb (II), Cd (II), Ba (II), Hg (II), Sr (II) as well as some anions Cl-, F- from the aquatic environment.
A special place among adsorbents is occupied by ion exchange resins, which, as a rule, have an organic matrix, for example, styrene-vinylbenzene with functional groups fixed on it. Ion-exchange resins, along with titanium dioxide and activated carbon, are most widely used in industry to purify aqueous solutions from heavy metal cation and radionuclides. These numbered adsorbents are synthetic materials.
However, some adsorbents were created by nature. Natural zeolite, deposits of which are in the Zakarpattya region of Ukraine, are among them. The use of natural zeolites of Transcarpathia can solve some environmental problems caused by 90Sr pollution in the aquatic environment.
All chemical processes including adsorption occur in complicated mechanisms and are reversible. After some time, equilibrium has been introduced. These complex mechanisms can be divided into several simple stages, which can be described by a relatively simple mathematical equation. In this study, the adsorption of Sr2+ ions from aqueous solutions by natural zeolite was investigated. And four most common kinetic models were applied for analysis of the experimental adsorption data.
INFLUENCE OF DIFFERENT LEVELS OF INVASION WITH AMORPHA FRUTICOSA OF THE GRASSLAND VEGETATION ON SOME SOIL FEATURES
Authors: Sarateanu Veronica , Cotuna Otilia , Paraschivu Mirela , Cojocariu Luminita , Suciu Codruta Teodora
Published: April 2023

Amorpha fruticosa L. (false indigo bush) is an invasive shrub species from Fabaceae family originating from North America. Nowadays this species creates great problems because it is invading floodplains along the rivers from Europe, even the Danube River floodplain reaching to the Danube Delta. The floodplain area of the river Mure? is highly affected by this invasion, this species occupying great surfaces of grassland and arable land. The researches were developed on the lowland area alongside the river Mure? (Arad County, western Romania) in the perimeter of the locality Pecica, respectively belonging to Mures Floodplain Natural Park. The purpose of the work was to characterize different relationships between the features of the grassland vegetation with soil features in three different situations, respectively permanent grassland, grassland totally invaded with A. fruticosa, and transitional grassland partially invaded with A. fruticosa. The soil samples were collected from 0 - 25 cm depth. The researches were investigated the influence of the false indigo bush invaded grassland on the soil features as pH, nitrogen index, total nitrogen, humus content, phosphorus, potassium and carbonates. The considered grassland vegetation features related with the soil features were: floristic composition (main functional groups of plants, some biodiversity indexes and pastoral value. The obtained results showed the existence of complex relationships among the analysed vegetation and soil features.
INFLUENCE OF THE ADDITION OF DEHYDRATED LINGONBERRIES IN SPELT FLOUR ON ITS BAKERY PROPERTIES, PHYSICOCHEMICAL CHARACTERISTICS, ANTIOXIDANT AND ANTIMICROBIAL PROPERTIES
Authors: Raba Diana-Nicoleta , Poiana Mariana-Atena , Dumbrava Delia-Gabriela , Popa Mirela-Viorica , Misca Corina-Dana
Published: April 2023

Triticum spelta is one of the most popular wheat species with multiple applications in the bakery industry. Lingonberries fruits are considered as some of the most valuable fruits due to its antioxidant and antimicrobial properties being widely used in the pharmaceutical industry, but also in food processing. This paper presents a study on the influence of using dehydrated and grinded lingonberries fruit as an addition to spelt wheat flour on its baking properties, physicochemical characteristics, antioxidant properties and antimicrobial activity. Five mixtures of spelt flour:lingonberries were made in the following proportions: 95:5, 90:10, 85:15, 80:20, 75:25. The addition of the grinded fruits to the flour resulted in a decrease of the wet gluten content from 39% (in flour) and 28% in the mixture 85:15 and a decrease of the gluten deformation index from 7mm (in flour) to 4mm in the mixture 85:15. Dehydrated lingonberries grind recorded the highest antiradical activity on DPPH radicals (81.94%), the highest content in polyphenols (219.24 mgGAE/g) and in vitamin C (27.07mg/100g) of the analyzed samples, resulting in an increase in the total antioxidant activity of the mixtures in the following order: 3.53 times (95:5), 6.09 times (90:10), 12.41 times (85:15), 19.27 times (80:20) and 25.87 times (75:25) respectively. The 80:20 and 75:25 mixtures showed the most effective antibacterial activity of the 5 mixtures against all of bacterial species tested (E. coli, S. aureus, S. typhimurium).
THE BIODIVERSITY OF THE GRASSLANDS IN WESTERN ROMANIA FOR THEIR SUSTAINABLE
Authors: Stroia Ciprian , Corcan Madalina , Samfira Ionel , Stroia Marius , Dancea Lucretiu
Published: April 2023

The productivity of the grasslands is determined by the biodiversity of the plant species present in the vegetation, their quality, but also their exploitation. For their inventory, a series of determination methods are used, methods that are difficult to manage and that require a good knowledge of the plant species. For an agronomic characterization of the plots, it is sufficient to consider only the main species that dominate the plant biomass. A more simplified method is that of botanical surveys which focus only on recognizing the dominant grasses in grasslands. This method allows for an agronomic diagnosis of a grassland without modifying the variables studied, namely, the percentage of biomass participation and the percentage of each functional type of grasses. The method allows the application of a functional typology that can estimate the value of use (forage quality, productivity, precocity or lateness) of a grassland.
The purpose of this work is to classify the species by plant families, establish the pastoral value and inventory the grass species, as well as classify them from a morphofunctional point of view, in order to implement some management strategies aimed at ensuring an optimal exploitation of the grasslands taken into study.
The measurements were made on three grasslands belonging to the town of Sasca Montana, Romania, located in the south of the Western Carpathians (44�53'13"N 21�42'33"E), at an altitude of 237 m. In this area, the average annual temperatures is between 9 - 10�C, and the precipitation level is between 700 and 800 mm. The three studied grasslands have a similar floristic composition, but with a different participation percentage of species. The dominant grass species, from a morpho-functional point of view, are species of type C (Festuca valesiaca being the dominant species), which shows that these grasslands are weak and do not adapt to mowing practices, although the species included in this morpho-functional type are species with a fairly good fodder value in the vegetative phase.
UREA FERTILIZERS EFFICIENCY UPON QUALITY PARAMETERS OF WINTER CROPS
Authors: Lato Alina , Radulov Isidora , Berbecea Adina , Neacsu Alina , Lato Iaroslav
Published: April 2023

Nowadays, wheat is the most important food source worldwide and rapeseed has become one of the alternative sources of energy, that is, biofuel. In the current global economic context, the practice of intensive farming, by applying large amounts of fertilizers is no longer sustained, mostly because of the negative environmental impact and also because of the high prices of fertilizers. It is imperatively necessary to practice an efficient management of nitrogen fertilizer, in order to avoid both environmental and economic negative consequences in the future years. The cereals, as wheat and oil crops, as rapeseed are characterized from the point of view of quality parameters by their content in protein and oil. These two important quality parameters are strongly related by the nitrogen fertilization level, soil type, but also by the climate conditions during the vegetation period. The three experimental fields are located in the Banat Plain, in Western Romania, on different soil types having various fertility properties. The experiment is based on studying the effect of different urea fertilizers: with nitrification inhibitor and urease inhibitor versus classic urea, in different amounts. The conclusion reached is that the most efficient nitrogen fertilizer for wheat and rapeseed crops, was nitrification inhibitor urea.
APPLICATION OF AERIAL AND TERRESTRIAL THERMOGRAPHY FOR DETERMINING THE BUILDING ENVELOPE THERMAL PERFORMANCE
Authors: Moga Ligia , Soimosan Teodora , Moldovan Ioana , Radulescu Mihai , Radulescu Adrian , Iancu Ionut
Published: April 2023

It is well known that at a European level, a large building fund must be retrofitted by 2050 to meet the climate and energy targets defined by a reduction of greenhouse gas emissions up to 80 - 95% compared to 1990 levels. In this regard, the proposed recast of the energy performance directive defines a new path: going from nearly Zero Energy Buildings to Zero Emission Buildings for residential and non-residential buildings. Thus, practitioners need more adequate instruments to perform reliable field measurements that can later be used for providing retrofit solutions. In recent years it was observed that infrared thermography could be an excellent substitution for already used techniques that require a significant number of sensors or various equipment. The paper presents an overview of the aerial and terrestrial thermography applications and a description of the THERMOG research project, which focuses on using the thermal imaging approach as both a qualitative and a quantitative approach. The project aims to develop a methodology accompanied by software that evaluates the thermal performance of the building envelope under actual operating conditions using aerial and terrestrial thermography methods. The calculation methodology and the associated software will also be used in the structural and energy expertise activity of buildings, as well as in assessing the energy performance of a new building before the reception phase.
COMPARISON OF DAYLIGHTING IN MULTI-STOREY BUILDING ACROSS EUROPE
Authors: Skotnicova Iveta , Kolarcik Vojtech , Fadrny Ondrej
Published: April 2023

This article compares daylighting in administrative building located in different climatic zones - Sweden, Czech Republic and Greece. Theese locations were chosen to best demonstrate the different lighting conditions across Europe. One room was selected and modelled, for which the daylighting in each country was then simulated and calculated. The values of the daylight factor were observed for simultaneous identical changes in window geometry and wall reflectance in all cases. Depending on the changes in window geometry and reflectance of the surfaces surrounding the treatment room, the change in the area where the standard daylighting requirements are met was analyzed. The distribution of daylight factor values in each case was also examined. Finally, the. results for the demonstrated climate zones were compared. Modelling, simulation and subsequent calculation was carried out in the Building Design program.
Change of use of a building facility or part of it and protection of third parties' interests
Authors: Kosicki Artur
Published: April 2023

The Construction Law introduces the obligation to use a building facility in a manner consistent with its intended use and environmental protection requirements. However, if we want to change the intended use of a building facility or its part, it may be necessary to notify a change of use of the facility or its part to the competent authority of architecture and construction administration. Any such change is to some extent connected with a change of technical parameters, and in particular with a change of the conditions of use. In this paper I address the issue of protection of third parties' interests in the matter of notification of a change in use of a building facility or its part, and also in the case of legalisation of an arbitrary change in use of a building facility.
PERINATAL PALLIATIVE CARE IN POLAND AN INTRODUCTION
Authors: Borski Maciej
Published: April 2023

The article aims to present perinatal palliative care as a relatively young form of palliative care. The author undertook an attempt not only to reveal the essence of this form of care by elaborating on the terminological issues, but also drew attention to its development in Poland, pointing to the significance of the decision of the Constitutional Tribunal of October 22, 2020 in this regard. To indicate the ways parents whose children are affected by lethal defects can be supported it also became necessary to conduct comparative research aimed at presenting the forms of support in other countries, including those with corresponding legal culture. Taking advantage of the experience of other countries, as well as referring to the current development of perinatal palliative care in Poland, it might be possible to formulate conclusions indicating the direction which this form of care should develop towards
THE ORGANIZATIONAL FUNCTION OF LABOR LAW
Authors: Baran Krzysztof W.
Published: April 2023

The organizational function of labor law in terms of law and teleology consists in the operation of the norms of this law in a way that ensures the proper and uninterrupted course of broadly understood labor processes. Natura rerum legal norms do not organize anything at the employer, but some of them serve the proper organization of work and maintaining order in work processes, thus respecting the employers interests in labor relations. This remark applies to both individual and collective labor law. In the study, I will present in a synthetic approach the institutions and legal mechanisms that perform this function.
SELECTED PROBLEMATIC ISSUES CONCERNING PENITENTIARY PRACTICE
Authors: Wierzbicki Konrad , Gałek Dominika , Stańczuk Michał
Published: April 2023

One of the fundamental tasks of penitentiary policy is to study the effectiveness of institutional rehabilitation activities in their practical application. It seems obvious that the Polish penitentiary experience primarily takes into account and refers to empirical research leaving in the background a number of theoretical issues that can only be properly resolved on the basis of a certain practice that bears in mind the state of knowledge of social problems. Efforts aimed at improving the justice system therefore require referring first of all to the achievements of science and recommendations resulting from scientific and research work, which, in turn, according to the authors, allows forecasting more and more effective educational methods and measures in relation to the needs and expectations of the penitentiary system. What emerges, therefore, is the need for a more in-depth analysis of the indicated topic on the basis of current penitentiary law, the review of all existing research that has already accumulated within the given field.The design scope and the criteria developed, directly linked to the subject matter of the research, it will be possible to indicate specific proposals concerning the possibility of improving penitentiary practice according to the scientific basis. The main subject of this article is an analysis of selected issues included in the penitentiary regulations concerning the execution of custodial sentences in relation to the assumptions and objectives of the rehabilitation practice, in consideration of the methodology of this activity.
Faktor-Faktor yang Mempengaruhi Keputusan Pembelian Produk Travel Pada PT. Penjuru Wisata Negeri Pekanbaru
Authors: Nusyirwan Nusyirwan , Safrizal Safrizal , Putri Azizah
Published: April 2023

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh kualitas pelayanan dan promosi terhadap keputusan pembelian produk perjalanan di PT. Penjuru Wisata Negeri Pekanbaru. Sampel dalam penelitian ini berjumlah 90 orang dari 868 orang yang menggunakan jasa di PT. Penjuru Wisata Negeri Pekanbaru dengan menggunakan random sampling. Teknik analisis yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah regresi linier berganda menggunakan SPSS. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian diperoleh bahwa variabel kualitas pelayanan secara parsial positif dan signifikan mempengaruhi keputusan pembelian produk perjalanan di PT. Penjuru Wisata Negeri Pekanbaru, variabel promosi secara parsial positif dan signifikan mempengaruhi keputusan pembelian produk perjalanan di PT. Penjuru Wisata Negeri Pekanbaru, dan variabel kualitas pelayanan dan promosi secara bersamaan mempengaruhi keputusan pembelian produk perjalanan di PT. Penjuru Wisata Negeri  Pekanbaru.
Implementasi Algoritma K-Means pada Kasus Kekerasan Anak dan Perempuan Berdasarkan Usia
Authors: Fauziah Rahma , Purnamasari Ade Irma
Published: April 2023

Kekerasan merupakan sebuah tindakan atau ancaman yang memang sengaja dilakukan oleh individu atau kelompok yang dapat menimbulkan dampak negatif, kerugian psikis, trauma, dan perampasan hak. Kekerasan bisa dalam bentuk fisik atau bisa juga dalam bentuk psikis, kekerasan yang terjadi sering kali menimpa perempuan dan anak. Berdasarkan data Komisi Nasional Anti Kekerasan terhadap Perempuan (Komnas Perempuan), terdapat 299.911 kasus kekerasan terhadap perempuan pada tahun 2020. Tujuan dari penelitian ini untuk mengetahui hasil cluster atau pengelompokan dari kasus kekerasan anak dan perempuan berdasarkan kelompok usia agar dapat memudahkan pemerintah untuk mengetahui rentang usia yang paling sering menjadi sasaran kekerasan. Dataset terkait topik penelitian ini dihasilkan oleh Dinas Pemberdayaan Perempuan Anak dan Keluarga (DP3AKB) yang dikeluarkan dalam periode satu tahun sekali. Data yang digunakan adalah data jumlah korban kasus kekerasan bedasarkan kelompok usia. Dataset terdiri dari 945 data. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode algoritma k-means dengan metode Knowledge Discovery in Database dan penentuan cluster menggunakan Davies Bouldin Index. Hasil dari penelitian ini adalah membagi ke dalam 6 cluster yaitu : Cluster 0 (C0) yaitu 55 anggota yang paling mendominasi kelompok usia 13-17 tahun berjumlah 21, cluster 1 (C1) yaitu 193 anggota yang paling mendominasi kelompok usi 0-5 tahun berjumlah 70, cluster 2 (C2) yaitu 184 anggota yang paling mendominasi kelompok usia 45-59 tahun berjumlah 64, cluster 3 (C3) yaitu 197 anggota yang paling mendominasi kelompok usia 45-59 tahun berjumlah 70, cluster 4 (C4) yaitu 4 anggota kelompok usia 25-44 tahun, cluster 5 (C5) yaitu 177 anggota yang paling mendominasi kelompok usia 0-5 tahun berjumlah 65.
Minimising upfront carbon emissions of steel-framed modular housing: a case study
Authors: Kechidi Smail
Published: April 2023

In this article, Smail Kechidi presents the results of a study examining ways to reduce the upfront carbon emissions of steel-framed modular housing produced by ilke Homes. The article discusses both changes that have already been adopted in a refreshed version of a two-bedroom, four-person 81m2 modular house, and further changes that could be adopted in a future version. The refreshed design delivers 12% lower upfront carbon emissions (A1–A5) than the standard design.
Business Practice Note No. 39: Coping in times of uncertainty: cash flow in a recession
Authors: Paul Rob
Published: April 2023

In this note, Rob Paul offers advice on how businesses can maintain their income and manage outgoings when cash flow is tight during an economic downturn.
OSMANLI İMPARATORLUĞU'NUN VE TÜRKİYE CUMHURİYETİ'NİN ARKEOLOJİYE BAKIŞ AÇILARI
Authors: ERTEN Ayşe Emel
Published: April 2023

Arkeolojinin bir bilim dalı olarak oluşumu öncesinde geçmişe duyulan ilgi ve merakın kökleri eskiçağa dayanmaktadır. Avrupa’da Rönesans ile başlayan Yunan ve Roma dünyasına duyulan hayranlık, zamanla eskiçağ uygarlıklarına ait eserlere “sahip olma” tutkusuna dönüşür. Rönesans sonrasında kadim uygarlıkların anayurtlarından koparılan her türlü kültür varlığının yağmalanarak, Batı’daki büyük müzelere taşınması kutsal bir görev olarak algılanmaya başlanır. Öyle ki başta diplomatlar olmak üzere yabancılar bu yağmacılığı kutsal bir uygarlık misyonu olarak görürler. Batılılaşma sürecindeki Osmanlı İmparatorluğu’nda da bu akım etkilerini gösterecektir. İstanbul’da kurulan Müze-i Hümayun için eski eserlerin toplanmasına çalışılacak; hatta ülkedeki ilk kazılar da bilimsel amaçlardan ziyade, müzeye eser kazandırmak amacını taşıyacaktır. Bir yandan da Osmanlı egemenliği altındaki topraklara ait kültür varlıklarının ülkede kalması ve bunlara zarar verilmesine engel olunması yönünde bir bilincin de oluştuğu izlenmektedir. İşgal altındaki Anadolu’da yabancılar tarafından yürütülen eski eser yağmacılığının sürdüğünü gösteren kanıtlar bulunmaktadır. Türkiye Cumhuriyetinin kuruluşu ile birlikte geçmişe bakışta köklü değişimler kaydedilir. Artık amaç, daha önce olduğu gibi müzelerin koleksiyonlarına eser sağlamaktan çok daha öte bir aşamaya ulaşmıştır. Kuruluş yıllarında milliyetçiliğin temelini oluşturma çabasındaki cumhuriyet, antropoloji ve arkeoloji çalışmalarına öncelik verir. Böylece, amaç salt bilimsel sonuçlar değil, bir ulusun inşasında temel taşları yerleştirmektir. Cumhuriyetin başlangıçtaki bu yaklaşımıyla gelişen arkeolojik çalışmalar, giderek ivme kazanarak, daha bilimsel bir nitelik taşıyacak ve günümüzde ülkemizin dünya çapında gururla temsil edildiği alanlardan biri haline gelecektir.
Healthcare and education problems of Georgia in terms of human capital development
Authors: Tsertsvadze Manana , Mujiri Irina
Published: April 2023

The human factor acquires a more essential role and importance in the aspects of management, monitoring and activation of socio-economic processes day by day. This is possible to achieve the effectiveness of the socio-economic development of the country, according to a number of indicators: by increasing the specific share of specialists with a high level of professionalism in all spheres of government, by increasing the specific share of highly qualified labor of workers, by raising their level of education and by making the most of the potential of those persons who are involved in the formation of human capital. They participate in the accumulation-use system. The purpose of the study is to analyze the human capital development opportunities in the health and education sectors of Georgia, the level of knowledge of the human resources in the sector, thus this is and will be a decisive factor in the development of the sector. As well, we will study and describe investment and management problems in both fields, using the basic elements of human capital – healthcare capital and educational capital as an example. In the era of globalization, the demand for human capital is increasing. Innovative development of the country and industries is a long process. Healthcare and education are key elements of human capital and the backbone of innovative development. Therefore, the formation and development of competitive human capital, as the main factor for the activation of innovative processes in the country and sectors, its strengthening for achieving an effective level of economic growth and competitiveness should be a priority.
Investigation on the accuracy of implant surgery in dynamic navigation: metanalysis and systematic review of literature
Authors: Luciano Umberto , De Santis D. , Modena N. , Faccioni P. , Bonioli M. , Magi M. , Iurlaro A. , Alberti C. , Melloni F. , Zambotti T. , Gelpi F. , Zerman N. , Trotolo A.
Published: April 2023

The object of this study was to compare, through meta-analysis, the accuracy in implant placement obtained in Dynamic Navigation (DN) with Static Navigation (SN) and with Conventional Free-Hand Surgery (CS) and to provide some useful clinical parameters to consider during the planning phase of the intervention. A meta-analysis was performed, dividing the selected studies into two groups based on the statistical technique adopted: DN vs CS and DN vs SN. The heterogeneity between the various studies was assessed with the homonymous test and quantified with I2. The results were graphically represented using a forest plot. Egger’s test and funnel plot was used to investigate the “small study effect”. The search was performed through the PubMed database, and the Cochrane Library database identified 448 articles. After applying the inclusion criteria, 14 articles were selected and used for quantitative synthesis (meta-analysis). From the results obtained from this meta-analysis, it can be stated that the DN mode allows for better accuracy than conventional surgery, the most used type of surgery, and is comparable to static navigation, the gold standard for accuracy.
Evaluating Application of Knowledge and Skills: The Use of Consensus Expert Review to Assess Conference Abstracts of Field Epidemiology Training Participants
Authors: Volkov Boris , MacDonald Goldie , Herrera-Guibert Dionisio , Jones Donna , Patel Mahomed
Published: April 2023

Background: Often evaluations of training programs are limited — with many focusing on the aspects that are easy to measure (e.g., reaction of trainees) without addressing the important outcomes of training, such as how trainees applied their new knowledge, skills, and attitudes. Numerous evaluations fail to measure training’s effect on job performance because few effective methods are available to do so. Particularly difficult is the problem of evaluating multisite training programs that vary considerably in structure and implementation from one site to another. Purpose: NA Setting: NA  Intervention: NA Research Design: We devised a method of a consensus expert review to evaluate the quality of conference abstracts submitted by participants in Field Epidemiology Training Programs – an approach that can provide useful information on how well trainees apply knowledge and skills gained in training, complementing data obtained from other sources and methods. This method is practical, minimally intrusive, and resource-efficient, and it may prove useful for evaluation practice in diverse fields that require training. Data Collection and Analysis: NA Findings: NA
Evaluation Capacity Development through Cluster Evaluation
Authors: Bitar Khalil , Hbeichi Rola , Al-Zou'bi Lamia , Russon Craig
Published: April 2023

Background:  The term “cluster evaluation” was first coined in 1988 by W. K. Kellogg staff in an evaluation of a Foundation-funded initiative; the concept was further developed and practiced by the Kellogg Foundation evaluation consultants and other practitioners in the evaluation community  Setting:  Cluster evaluation was a model used to evaluate the programming of a small specialized UN agency in three countries (Lebanon, Jordan and Palestine) of the Arab States. Purpose: The article explains how cluster evaluation, as originally conceived by the W. K. Kellogg Foundation, was adapted to the realities of the UN system. Subjects: NA Research Design:  The authors present a case study of an evaluation of a cluster of programmes from the Arab States region (Lebanon, Jordan and Palestine) that was conducted by a small, specialized agency of the UN.  Data Collection and Analysis: The evaluation was designed as a series of programme reviews. Information from the reviews was to be aggregated in order to understand collective contributions to the region. Findings: The case study demonstrates the potential benefits of the model as well as some of the challenges. Conclusions:  Analysis of the data leads to a number of interesting conclusions. First, in the philanthropic sector, cluster evaluation is a programmatic intervention. That is not the way that the model was used in the context of this evaluation. Instead of evaluation as intervention, it was evaluation as capacity development. This evaluation took place in the Arab States, a region in which evaluation capacity is perhaps not as institutionalized as other parts of the world. The purpose of using a cluster evaluation in this context was to strengthen the capacities of the national evaluators. Each of the national evaluators who were contracted had different areas of strength and weakness. By establishing a strong network amongst themselves, they were able to leverage each other’s strength and to compensate for any weaknesses. The consultants developed each other’s capacity and that greatly benefited the evaluation. The higher capacity went on to benefit the collective evaluation capacity of the region. The national evaluators have all gone one to be leaders in the formation of their respective regional and national evaluation organisations.