bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Biological method of single-node cuttings for budburst in five fig cultivars subjected to artificial chilling
Authors: Monteiro Laís Naiara Honorato , Leonel Sarita , Souza Jackson Mirellys Azevedo , Ribeiro Luiza Rocha , Martins Rafaelly Calsavara , Ferreira Antonio Flavio Arruda , Rodrigues Maria Gabriela Fontanetti
Published: February 2024

Fig orchard expansion requires knowledge of the thermal requirements of genotypes available in different climatic regions. The budburst of fig cultivars was assessed by biological single-node cutting and exposure to artificial chilling. Cuttings from five cultivars were collected during two crop seasons, subsequently packaged in a horizontal position in a cold chamber (8 ± 0.5ºC), and artificially chilled for 0, 40, 80, 120, and 160h. Cuttings were preserved under controlled conditions (23 ± 1°C, RH 85%, and 16h photoperiod). The variables evaluated were the budding velocity, average time and final rate of sprouting, vigorous shoot rate, and average time to leaf opening. The single-node cutting test allowed the assessment of dormancy, which is influenced by the accumulation of chilling in each crop season. The average time and final budding rate varied depending on the temperature requirements for budding. The cultivars were classified on an increasing scale according to their chilling requirements as follows: Pingo de Mel < Roxo de Valinhos < Brown Turkey < White Genova < Troyano. The traditional cultivar in Brazil is Roxo de Valinhos, but all of the cultivars studied had the potential to diversify the fig orchards in this region.
Cover crops on soil quality and yield of cowpea under no-tillage in the Amazon savanna
Authors: Rocha Paulo Roberto Ribeiro , Maia Sonicley da Silva , Melo Valdinar Ferreira , Uchôa Sandra Cátia Pereira , Batista Karine Dias , Cavalcante Luiza Amorim
Published: February 2024

Conservation practices such as no-tillage are necessary to maintain, and/or improve agricultural soil quality. However, straw formation and maintenance in tropical regions is a limiting factor to adopting this system. In this sense, this research aimed to study the effect of cover crops on straw formation, soil quality indicators, and cowpea yield under no-tillage in the Amazon savanna. Two experiments were carried out in consecutive years, on a Latossolo Amarelo. The treatments consisted of the straw of cover crops in a single (S) and intercrop (I) system, as follows: Urochloa brizantha (UBS), Pennisetum glaucum (PGS), Crotalaria juncea (CJS), Canavalia ensiformis (CES), Mucuna aterrima (MAS), U. brizantha and C. juncea (UBCJI), U. brizantha and C. ensiformis (UBCEI), P. glaucum and C. juncea (PGCJI), P. glaucum and C. ensiformis (PGCEI), and spontaneous vegetation (SV). Cowpea was cultivated after desiccation of the cover crops. Most of the straw favored soil particle aggregation, except for C. juncea and SV, which negatively influenced this variable. Basal soil respiration, organic carbon content, potassium, base saturation, geometric mean diameter, macroaggregates, and macroporosity at layer of 0-0.10 m were the most sensitive indicators for improving soil quality in a savanna environment. UBS, UBCJI, and UBCEI were superior to the other treatments in improving soil quality. Almost all treatments increased cowpea yield by up to 29%, except for CJS and SV.
The influence of the summer pruning on ‘Fuji’ apples storage under controlled atmosphere
Authors: Lugaresi Adriana , Steffens Cristiano André , Heinzen Angélica Schmitz , Fenili Cristhian Leonardo , Brighenti Alberto  Fontanella , Martin Mariuccia Schlichting De , Amarante Cassandro Vidal Talamini do
Published: February 2024

This study aimed to evaluate the effect of the summer pruning time in ‘Fuji’ apple trees on the quality of fruit at harvest and after storage in controlled atmosphere with extremely low O2 (CA-ELO) (0.5 kPa O2). The treatments evaluated were summer pruning in December, January, and February, in addition to a control treatment (without summer pruning). The experiment was carried out in the 2018/2019 and 2019/2020 growing seasons. The fruit were evaluated at harvest and after eight months of CA-ELO (0.5 kPa O2 + <0.5 kPa CO2/1.5 ± 0.2°C/92 ± 2% RH) storage, at chamber opening, and after 7 days of shelf-life at 23 ± 3°C and 60 ± 5% RH. The quality of the fruit was evaluated through of soluble solids, flesh firmness, titratable acidity, fruit color, and physiological disorder incidence (sunburn and flesh browning), in addition to enzymatic activity and concentration of functional compounds. There was no significant effect of the summer pruning time on fruit flesh firmness, soluble solids, titratable acidity, and rot incidence after storage under CA-ELO plus 7 days of shelf life. Summer pruning in February resulted in fruit with higher peel red color development, which in general contains a higher concentration of functional compounds at harvest (total phenolic compounds and total antioxidant activity), and lower flesh browning incidence in ‘Fuji’ apples stored under CA-ELO. The nitrogen (N) concentration and nitrogen/calcium ratio (N/Ca) in the second growing season were lower in fruit from plants pruned in February, compared to no summer pruning or earlier pruning. The superoxide dismutase and peroxidase enzyme activity were lower in fruit from treatments with summer pruning in January and February, whereas the polyphenol oxidase enzyme activity was lower when summer pruning was conducted in February.
Physiological quality, lignin and the ultrastructural characterization of soybean seeds
Authors: Castro Elisa de Melo , Pinho Édila Vilela de Resende Von , Lima Amador Eduardo de , Labory Cláudia  Regina Gontijo , Santos Heloisa Oliveira dos , Alves Eduardo , Guerra Alisson Francelino dos Reis
Published: February 2024

In soybeans, the integument or seed coat is an important modulator between the external and internal environment. It plays a fundamental role in seed vitality, and its lignin content may influence the seed quality. The objective of this experiment was to evaluate the quality of soybean seeds from a partial diallel and their reciprocals and its relationship with lignin content, seed coat thickness, and deposition location. The seeds were also evaluated for physiological quality through germination and accelerated aging tests. The lignin content was quantified by absorbance, and the integument thickness was analyzed and measured using scanning electron microscopy. The most contrasting cultivars for lignin content were analyzed using fluorescence microscopy and histochemical techniques. Cultivars and their reciprocals differed in seed physiological quality. We found differences in the genotypes for integument thickness. Using histochemical techniques, autofluorescence was observed in the same regions identified as lignified. Positive staining for lignin was observed in the hilum region. Among the genotypes, we found variations in the physiological quality of seeds (germination and accelerated aging test), lignin content, and integument thickness.
Multivariate statistical analysis applied to physical properties of soybean seeds cultivars on the post-harvest
Authors: Oliveira Josiane Aparecida Viveiros de , Coradi Paulo Carteri , Teodoro Larissa Pereira Ribeiro , Rodrigues Dágila Melo , Teodoro Paulo Eduardo , Moraes Rosana Santos de
Published: February 2024

To consider the different characteristics of soybean seeds for designing and regulating the post-harvest equipment, we evaluated the similarities in the physical properties of soybean cultivars in this study. Two-hundred soybean seeds from 40 genetically modified cultivars were collected in packages to measure the physical properties of the seeds. First, principal component analysis was performed to verify the interrelationships between the variables and soybean cultivars. Next, a boxplot was constructed for each variable, considering the groups obtained after analyzing the main components. Finally, a scatterplot containing the Pearson's correlations between the variables was constructed. We identified two clusters of cultivars: C1 and C2. The unit-specific mass was the physical property that contributed the most to the formation of C1, whereas the other physical properties contributed to the formation of C2. Soybean cultivars comprising C1 were similar to each other only in unit specific mass, and the cultivars allocated to group C2 were similar according to all the other properties evaluated. These results can serve as a guideline for genotype selection for soybean genetic improvement to minimize variations in the physical characteristics of the seeds and obtain greater efficiency in the processing stages. Thus, the equipment manufacturing industry and seed processing units can implement projects and equipment adjustments to manage the post-harvest and seeding processes of soybean seeds efficiently.
Quantile regression for genomic selection of growth curves
Authors: Nascimento Ana Carolina Campana , Azevedo Camila Ferreira , Barreto Cynthia Aparecida Valiati , Oliveira Gabriela França , Nascimento Moysés
Published: February 2024

This study evaluated the efficiency of genome-wide selection (GWS) based on regularized quantile regression (RQR) to obtain genomic growth curves based on genomic estimated breeding values (GEBV) of individuals with different probability distributions. The data were simulated and composed of 2,025 individuals from two generations and 435 markers randomly distributed across five chromosomes. The simulated phenotypes presented symmetrical, skewed, positive, and negative distributions. Data were analyzed using RQR considering nine quantiles (0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, 0.5, 0.6, 0.7, 0.8, and 0.9) and traditional methods of genomic selection (specifically, RR-BLUP, BLASSO, BayesA, and BayesB). In general, RQR-based estimation of the GEBV was efficient—at least for a quantile model, the results obtained were more accurate than those obtained by the other evaluated methodologies. Specifically, in the symmetrical-distribution scenario, the highest accuracy values were obtained for the parameters with the models RQR0.4, RQR0.3, and RQR0.4. For positive skewness, the models RQR0.2, RQR0.3, and RQR0.1 presented higher accuracy values, whereas for negative skewness, the best model was RQR0.9. Finally, the GEBV vectors obtained by RQR facilitated the construction of genomic growth curves at different levels of interest (quantiles), illustrating the weight–age relationship.
Hedonic analysis of the price of mangalarga marchador horses sold at auctions
Authors: Marquez Mahara Moreira , Santos Brenda Alves Alves dos , Mamede Larissa Ferreira , Schultz Erica Beatriz , Silva Natascha Almeida arques da , Raineri Camila
Published: February 2024

The objective was to identify sets of relevant atributes for pricing Mangalarga Marchador horses at auctions and to estimate a hedonic pricing function. We analyzed 452 horses at 20 auctions. The studied variables were characteristics intrinsic to the animals and attributes that influence sale price, which were identified through generalized linear and logistic model analysis. For each additional prize and additional bid, the prices decreased by R$ 2110.00 and R$ 549.00 respectively. The individual’s maternal grandsire positively or negatively affected prices, from R$ - 86.70 to R$ + 35.50. Non-pregnant females were penalized in price by R$ 110.00 compared to non-castrated males. A bay coat added R$ 215.00 to prices when compared to chestnut animals. Online auctions added R$ 20.10 to prices and virtual auctions penalized prices by R$ 617.00. The gray coat devalues a sale by 48% and Seller 3 decreasing by 18%. We conclude that auction type, number of prizes, share sold, animal category, coat, seller, number of bids, and maternal grandsire influenced the prices of Mangalarga Marchador horses, and that coat and seller that influenced the probability of the animal being sold.
Morphometric parameters and adipose tissue mass of rats fed with cactaceae flour
Authors: Ferreira Izabel Cristina , Barakat Beatriz , Almeida Martha Elisa Ferreira de , Ferreira Keidy Lara , Ramos José Antônio de Souza Cruz
Published: February 2024

The aim of this study was to evaluate the morphometric parameters and the mass of adipose tissues of rats fed with cactacea flour. The animals were divided into five groups: C (Control), H (Hypercaloric diet), HP (Hypercaloric diet with 5% Pereskia grandifolia flour), HO (Hypercaloric diet with 5% Opuntia ficus-indica flour), and HA (Hypercaloric diet with 5% Agave tequilana flour). Feed intake and apparent digestibility, capillary glycemia, liver weight and Hepato-Somatic Index were evaluated. Adipose tissue mass and the Visceral Fat Index (VFI) and Epididymal Fat Index (EFI) were determined. The data were compared using the Tukey test at 5% significance level. There was no statistical difference between the groups for body weight, BMI and Lee Index. The HP and HA groups did not differ from the C group regarding weight gain, the C group had lower apparent digestibility of the diets, the HA group presented lower blood glucose when compared to the H and HO groups, and the H group had higher liver weight. The HP and HA groups gained the lowest adipose tissue mass, VFI and EFI than the H and HO groups. Among the cactaceae studied, Pereskia grandifolia showed better effects on morphometric and adipose tissue parameters.
Spirulina in diets of Japanese quail: Productive performance, digestibility, and egg quality
Authors: Oliveira Maria Cristina de , Oliveira Matheus Andrade Dias , Gonçalves Nathália Rodrigues , Ferreira Pauliny do Carmo , Lima Diego Silva , Arantes Ulcimar Martins
Published: February 2024

The present study evaluated the effects of dietary inclusion of spirulina on productive performance, nutrient utilization, and egg quality of Japanese quails. One hundred twenty quails were included in a completely randomized design with four treatments and five replicates. Treatments consisted of a control diet and three diets containing 0.3, 0.6, or 0.9% of spirulina powder. Spirulina inclusion had no effect (p > 0.05) on the productive performance, digestibility coefficients of dry matter and ether extract, calcium and phosphorus retention, weight and pH of the eggs, yolk index, albumen quality, and eggshell thickness when compared with the control diet. However, crude protein consumption was higher (p < 0.05) and the digestibility coefficient of crude protein was lower (p < 0.05) in birds in the 0.9% and 0.3% spirulina inclusion groups, respectively. The weights of the yolk and eggshell were improved (p < 0.007) by the inclusion of 0.6% and 0.9% and 0.9% spirulina, respectively. Quails fed diets containing 0.3% and 0.6% spirulina exhibited lower specific gravity of eggs (p < 0.019) than those fed diets containing 0.9% spirulina. Therefore, spirulina inclusion at 0.9% improved the eggshell quality and reduced the total lipid levels in the yolks.
Indirect methods for predicting the body composition of sheep of different sex classes
Authors: Silva Ivonete Ferreira da , Gois Glayciane Costa , Queiroz Mário Adriano Ávila de , Chizzotti Mario Luiz , Rodrigues Rafael Torres de Souza
Published: February 2024

The aim was to evaluate the correlation and develop regression equations for the body composition of sheep of different sex classes, obtained by the comparative slaughter method, using the composition of the neck region and loin eye area (LEA). Forty-five sheep of three sex classes (15 intact males, 15 castrated males and 15 females) received three feeding levels (ad libitum or restrictions of 70 or 80% of ad libitum intake). Animals were distributed in a 3×3 factorial arrangement, with 5 repetitions. The LEA showed: positive correlation with empty body weight, fasting body weight, meat, protein, ether extract and water (p < 0.01), for all sex classes; with bones for intact males and females (p < 0.01); with ash content for intact males and a moderate correlation for castrated males (p < 0.01). The neck was correlated with empty body weight, fasting body weight, meat, protein, ether extract, water and energy in all sex classes (p < 0.01); and moderate correlation with bone (r=0.58) and ash (r=0.67) for intact males. Intact males showed higher R² values in their prediction equations in relation to the other sex classes.
External Validation and Updating of Published Models for Predicting 7-day Risk of Symptomatic Intracranial Hemorrhage after Receiving Alteplase for Acute Ischemic Stroke: A Retrospective Cohort Study
Authors: Chawalitpongpun Phaweesa , Sonthisombat Paveena , Piriyachananusorn Napacha , Manoyana Natthakarn
Published: February 2024

Background:

Prediction scores for symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage (sICH) in acute ischemic stroke patients receiving thrombolytic therapy have been widely developed, but the external validation of these scores, especially in the Thai population, is lacking. This study aims to externally validate existing models and update the selected model to enhance its performance in our specific context.

Methods:

This cohort study retrospectively collected data from medical records between 2013 and 2022. Acute ischemic stroke patients who received thrombolysis were included. All predictors were gathered at admission. External validation was performed on eight published prediction models; in addition, the observed and expected probabilities of sICH were compared. The most effective model for discrimination was then chosen for further updating using multivariable logistic regression and was bootstrapped for internal validation. Finally, a points-based system for clinical practice was developed from the optimism-corrected model.

Results:

Fifty patients (10% of the 502 included cohort members) experienced sICH after undergoing thrombolysis. The SICH score outperformed the other seven models in terms of discrimination (area under the receiver operating characteristic [AuROC] curve = 0.74 [95% confidence interval {CI} 0.67 to 0.81]), but it still overstated risk (expected-to-observed outcomes [E/O] ratio = 1.7). Once updated, the optimism-corrected revised SICH model showed somewhat better calibration (E/O = 1 and calibration-in-the-large = 0), slightly worse underprediction in the moderate-to-high risk group (calibration slope = 1.152), and marginally better discrimination (AuROC = 0.78). The points-based system also demonstrated substantial agreement (88.1%) with the risk groups predicted by the logistic regression model (kappa statistic = 0.78).

Conclusion:

Since the SICH score outperformed seven models in terms of discrimination, it was then modified to the Revised-SICH score, which predicted that patients with at least 5.5 points were at high risk of having sICH.
Microtransplantation, an option to explore in hematological malignancies: A review article
Authors: Assiri Ali M
Published: February 2024

Hematopoietic stem cell transplant remains a valuable option for a variety of hematological malignancies, but it has its limitations given the patient’s old age, availability of donors, and the risk of morbidity and mortality associated with the procedure like graft-versus-host disease. Microtransplantation (MT) is nonengrafting allogeneic cellular therapy performed by infusing human leukocyte antigen-mismatched allogeneic peripheral blood CD34+ stem cells mobilized with granulocyte colony-stimulating factor after chemotherapy or targeted therapy. A state of transient microchimerism without engraftment will exist postinfusion, and the patient will benefit from graft-versus-tumor effect without being at high risk for graft-versus-host disease. A total of 600 patients with a diagnosis of acute myeloid leukemia, Philadelphia positive acute lymphoblastic leukemia, myelodysplastic syndrome, Hodgkin, and non-Hodgkin’s lymphomas were included in the 11 articles in this review. The results show improved overall survival and progression-free survival, which suggest MT as a valid option to be investigated further in prospective controlled studies. The improved outcomes could be explained by combined recipient-versus-tumor and graft-versus-tumor effects as the patient immune system is preserved, natural killer cells anti-leukemic effect within MT infusion and the effects of regulatory T cells. The major toxicity is myelosuppression, while nonhematologic toxicities are rare.
Impact of XRCC3 rs861539 and XPD rs13181 gene polymorphisms on childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia in Egyptian patients
Authors: Wilson Manal M , Yacoub Maha F , Abdelhameed Asmaa M , Amr Heba M , Elsalam Ahmed Mustafa Abd , Abou Elalla Amany A
Published: February 2024

Background

There is mounting evidence that the genotypes of DNA repair proteins and susceptibility to certain malignancies are related. Few studies, however, have examined the role of the homologous repair gene X-ray repair cross-complementing group 3 (XRCC3) genotype and xeroderma pigmentosum complementation group D (XPD) in the development or prognosis of acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL).

Aim of the study

In this study, we investigated the impact of XRCC3 rs861539 and XPD rs13181 polymorphisms on the risk of ALL. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of XRCC3 and XPD polymorphisms in ALL Egyptian patients.

Methods

Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) was used to analyse XRCC3 rs861539 and XPD rs13181 gene polymorphisms in 96 patients with ALL and in 103 disease-free controls, who were of a similar age.

Results

ALL risk is lower in individuals with the homozygous variant TT genotype at XRCC3 rs861539. The heterozygous variant CT genotype of XRCC3 was connected to increased disease risk of ALL in males. Additionally, C allele frequency was noticeably higher than T allele frequency in pre B ALL. In this investigation, there was no correlation between the XPD Lys751 rs13181 polymorphism and risk of ALL.

Conclusion

Our research reveals that genetic variation in the genes for DNA repair may influence ALL susceptibility.
Open neural tube defects in neonates: Mode of presentation, challenges, and lessons learnt
Authors: Sharma Nitin , Sharma Shipra , Sharma Mini
Published: February 2024

Background:

Management of open neural tube defects is challenging and the outcome is demanding.

Aims:

The aim of this study was to analyze the outcomes in open neural tube defects.

Material and Methods:

The data between June 2017 and December 2022 were analyzed. Those with incomplete data, not giving consent, or lost to follow-up were excluded. All underwent closure using primary closure, Z plasty, or rhomboid flap. Dura closure was achieved with native dura augmented with thoracolumbar fascia. The outcome was analyzed with respect to the duration of surgery, blood loss, requirement of Z plasty/rhomboid flaps for closure, wound infection, flap blackening, CSF leak, and features of sepsis.

Result:

In total, 164 of 243 cases formed the study group. The mean age at presentation was 4 days (range 0–28 days). The mean duration of surgery after presentation was 2 days (range 1–3 days). Mean operating time was 1.15 hours (range 0.45–3.15 h). Hydrocephalous was present in 146 cases and all required VP shunt. Lower limb paraplegia and spasticity were present in 63 and 23 cases. Skin closure was achieved by primary closure in 23, double Z plasty in 76, and rhomboid flap in 65 cases. Wound infection and blackening of flap were seen in 13 and 1 case in double Z pasty and 6 and 7 cases in the rhomboid flap group, respectively (P = 0.7). CSF leak was seen in 8 cases. Wound dehiscence and sepsis were seen in 10 and 28 cases, respectively.

Conclusion:

Management of open neural tube defects requires adequate planning. CSF shunting and flap/Z plasty is often required.
High-voltage electrocution myelopathy: A case report and review of the literature
Authors: Porey Camelia , Jaiswal Binaya Kumar
Published: February 2024

High-voltage electrocution-induced neurological complications are often associated with dire consequences. The low-resistance neural pathway provides an easy gateway for the current propagation and subsequent injuries. We present a case of electrocution-induced high-cervical myelopathy resulting in quadriparesis with sensorimotor and autonomic involvement with a slow recovery course along with the subsequent imaging and electrophysiological finding suggestive of long-term degeneration of the central corticospinal tracts. On review of prior works of literature, few similar cases are seen with varied postulations of the pathophysiology of the injury. More frequent reporting of such cases, which often go undetected, should be done to increase awareness.
Evaluation of fracture resistance of maxillary premolars of different geometrical cavities restored with different composite resins incorporated with chitosan nanoparticles
Authors: Halkai Rahul , Gopinagaruri Snigdhapriya , Halkai Kiran R.
Published: February 2024

Background:

Composites with 0.2% chitosan nanoparticles (CSN) are used recently; however, this combination needs to be studied in different cavity designs.

Aims:

The aim of the study was to compare the fracture resistance of maxillary premolars with different cavity geometries restored with different types of composite resins incorporated with 0.2% CSN.

Methods:

About 130 extracted human single-rooted maxillary premolars were embedded in acrylic molds 2 mm below cementoenamel junction, divided into five groups for cavity preparations of standardized dimensions. Group 1: (control) intact teeth (n = 10), Group 2: Class I cavities (n = 40), Group 3: Class II mesio-occlusal (MO) (n = 40), Group 4: Class II mesio-occluso-distal (MOD) (n = 40). Groups 2, 3, and 4 were subdivided into four subgroups for composite restoration; A: Neo spectra ST-Universal (NST); B: Tetric N-Ceram Bulk-fill (TNC); C: NST + CSN; and D: TNC + CSN and tested for fracture resistance using universal testing machine.

Statistical Analysis:

One-way analysis of variance and post hoc Tukey’s tests were used for data analysis (P ≤ 0.05).

Results:

In all groups, the highest fracture resistance was found in MOD cavities, followed by MO and least in Class I cavities. Subgroup D (TNC with CSN) showed the highest fracture resistance in all groups (P ≤ 0.05).

Conclusion:

Tetric N-Ceramic bulk fill with 0.25% CSN showed high fracture resistance in cavities with different geometries.
Identifying and validating the components for the development of an information system for health grey literature in Iran: A mixed method approach
Authors: Mirzaei Abbas , Panahi Sirous , Langarizadeh Mostafa , Sedghi Shahram
Published: February 2024

BACKGROUND:

Considering the importance and necessity of establishing a nationwide information system for health grey literature in Iran, this study aimed to identify the main dimensions and components needed for developing a health grey literature information system in Iran and validate them according to experts’ opinions.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:

A mixed-method approach with an exploratory sequential design was used in this study. The research was done in following main steps: (1) conducting a systematic literature review to identify the potential components of the health grey literature information system suggested in the literature, (2) Interviewing 19 experts to explore further components required for designing the health grey literature system for Iran and doing a thematic analysis for analyzing the interviews, and (3) validating the identified components by a Delphi panel in two rounds for finalizing the initially-approved dimensions and components. Descriptive statistical analysis was also used for analyzing the Delphi panel’s data.

RESULTS:

Eight dimensions were identified as necessary for developing Iran’s health grey literature information system (including 31 components and 111 elements). The main dimensions included goals, data sources, minimum data set, data collection techniques, data content management procedures, quality control approaches, stakeholders, and management and policy-making.

CONCLUSION:

Using the identified and validated functional components in this study can be helpful In designing a health grey literature system that is of value for health policymakers and medical researchers as well as health information users.
The evaluation of the effectiveness of a health promotion training on breast cancer survivors
Authors: Çol Bahar Kefeli , Tufan Gülnihal , Kiliç Dilek
Published: February 2024

BACKGROUND:

Increased early diagnosis and improved treatment options have decreased the mortality rate of breast cancer and increased the survival rate. Healthy lifestyle behaviors are very important in breast cancer survivors as they reduce mortality and morbidity rates, cancer recurrence frequency, and side effects of treatment and improve health. This study was conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of a health promotion training intervention in breast cancer survival.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:

The study is a quasi-experimental, pre-test–post-test and single-group study. It was conducted with 43 women breast cancer survivors. The “Healthy Lifestyle Behaviors Scale II” was used to collect the data. Four sessions of training were given to the women once a week, and a 3-month post-training follow-up was performed. The t-test, Wilcoxon analysis, and Spearmen correlation analysis were used to evaluate the data.

RESULTS:

Pre-training and post-training scores in the sub-dimensions and total scores of the healthy lifestyle behavior scale showed that the training was highly effective. There was a significant increase in all sub-dimensions and total scale post-training scores (P < 0.05). In the correlation analysis, a negative correlation was found between age and physical activity, between elapsed time after diagnosis and nutrition, and between elapsed time after diagnosis and spiritual development (P < 0,05). However, there was a positive correlation between educational status and nutrition (P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONS:

The results show that a health promotion training program covering physical activity/exercise, healthy nutrition, effective communication, coping with stress, and increasing health responsibility had positive effects on healthy lifestyle behaviors in this population, and age, educational status, and elapsed time after diagnosis influence healthy lifestyle behaviors in survival.
Impact of diabetes mellitus and other systemic diseases on oral health and tooth mortality
Authors: Pavani Nijampatnam P. M. , Pachava Srinivas , Sultana Sk. Parveen , Ravoori Srinivas , Rajasekhar Potluri , Talluri Devaki
Published: February 2024

ABSTRACT

Introduction:

Poor oral health in systemically diseased individuals besides worsening the glycaemic status also has functional, social consequences such as masticatory inefficiency and stigmatized social participation, respectively. Periodontal problems remain one of the most common reasons for tooth mortality along with tooth decay and trauma.

Methodology:

The study was conducted in the outpatient department of teaching dental institution among the individuals visiting the institution. Persons with systemic illness were included in the study. In the preliminary step, interviews were conducted among the study participants regarding health status followed by an oral health examination. The oral health examination included recording of community periodontal index and dentition status. Data were collected and statistical analyses were performed. Chi-square test, one-way ANOVA and Bonferroni post-hoc tests were used to analyze the data.

Results:

Patients with diabetes showed the highest (3.56 ± 2.98) number of missing teeth, followed by other systemic diseases (2.78 ± 2.74), and the patients who were not having any systemic diseases (1.81 ± 1.54). This distinction was found to be statistically significant (P = 0.001), and Bonferroni post-hoc shows statistical significance (P < 0.05) in group-wise comparisons. The number of teeth last due to caries among diabetics was higher (20.8%) when compared to nondiabetic (12.2%), and the most tooth loss due to periodontitis was also observed within the patients with diabetes (21%) when compared to patients with other systemic diseases (12%), which is statistically significant (P = 0.001).

Conclusion:

The current study revealed tooth loss is more common in the patients who have systemic diseases when compared to the patients who do not have any systemic diseases, while dental caries and periodontal problems are the principle causes of tooth mortality.
The impact of Covid-19 in Chhattisgarh, India: A descriptive study
Authors: Agrawal Sanjana , Galhotra Abhiruchi , Gahwai Dharmendra , Dayama Sonal
Published: February 2024

ABSTRACT

Background:

India is among the most severely affected countries in the ongoing Covid-19 pandemic, second to the USA. Until July 2022, there were 43 million confirmed Covid-19 cases, with 0.53 million Covid-19 deaths in India. Chhattisgarh, the twelfth-highest affected state by Covid-19 disease, has had an enormous mortality toll, with 14,046 deaths by 15th July 2022. This study is a descriptive analysis of the Covid-19 deaths across Chhattisgarh from September 2021 to February 2022 (the third pandemic wave).

Materials and Methods:

All Covid-19 deaths that occurred between September 2021 to February 2022 were line-listed, and family members of all who died in the hospital were interviewed.

Results:

356 Covid-19 deaths were included in the present study. The top three districts which observed maximum deaths (63.48%) were Raipur (27.53%), Durg (15.45%), and Bilaspur (7.87%). Around 50% of the deceased were of age 65 years or above. The male deaths were twice as compared to the female deaths. The RT-PCR was the most used testing method, followed by RAT. Most of the admissions (58%) were in a government facility. Among the deceased, 60% had one or two associated comorbidities. Hypertension and Diabetes were the most common comorbidity identified. Almost 90% of patients were symptomatic. Breathlessness was the most common symptom. Half of the deceased were not vaccinated. The median expenditure on Covid-19 management was ₹ 50,000 (€ 565.13).

Conclusion:

The deaths in the study were urban-centric. Higher Covid-19 mortality was observed in unvaccinated older men (≥65 years) with one or more comorbidity.
Adverse events following immunization of ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 vaccine among healthcare workers of a medicine-teaching institution of North India
Authors: Jha Abhinav , Kumar Pankaj , Goel Shelesh K. , Bharatwal Apoorv A. , Dhamnetiya Deepak , Singh Saurabh , Jha Ravi P.
Published: February 2024

ABSTRACT

Objective:

This study sought to assess the prevalence of adverse events following immunization (AEFI) and factors associated with AEFI of the ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 vaccine (Covishield) among healthcare workers (HCW) of a medicine-teaching institution of North India.

Materials and Methods:

A cross-sectional study was conducted in the months of June and July 2021 among HCW (N= 203) of 18 years and above, vaccinated with at least the first dose of Covishield. A semi-structured, prevalidated, and pretested questionnaire was used to collect information through an interview schedule. The questionnaire was divided into five sections: the sociodemographic profile, behavioral characteristics, past medical history, COVID-19 awareness, and past infection and COVID-19 vaccine related information. Chi-squared test was applied to check the association of different factors with AEFI.

Results:

In our study, 73.89% of participants suffered from at least one AEFI after the first dose of the vaccine, while 48.66% had at least one AEFI after the second dose. Females reported significantly high AEFI for both doses (P= 0.001, 0.000). We found a significant association between the occurrence of AEFI and occupation (first doseP= 0.015), substance abuse (first doseP= 0.002), diet (first doseP= 0.016), and allergy (first doseP= 0.027). Other significant findings were headaches among HCW ≥40 years of age (doseP= 0.034) and systemic AEFI in participants with comorbidity (first doseP= 0.020).

Conclusion:

More AEFI were reported after the first dose as compared to the second dose. AEFI were more among females after both the doses. Occupation, substance use, diet, and history of allergy were significantly associated with AEFI.
Effectiveness of nutritional awareness in child diet among mothers of under five in anganwadi in Mysuru: A quasi-experimental study
Authors: Hegde Saurish , Kulkarni Praveen , Gohri Jay , Chaurasia Mayuri , Pragadesh R. , Siddiqua Aisha , Shreyaswini K. , Sahana KS
Published: February 2024

ABSTRACT

Background:

Children are the most important assets to any country; their physical, mental, and emotional developments are crucial for future as they become citizens. Mothers’ knowledge on nutrition for kids plays a vital role in the health of the children. Regular interventions as counseling or discussions with the mothers will be an effective tool to counter under nutrition, malnutrition, and also micronutrient deficiencies. Our objective was to assess the effectiveness of nutritional awareness in child diet among the mothers of under five in anganwadis in Mysuru with pre- and post-awareness.

Materials and Methods:

It is a quasi-experimental study for a duration of 3 months. The sample size was 35, with convenient sampling, and the data were collected using a semi-structured, validated questionnaire from mothers whose children are enrolled in anganwadis. The data were analyzed using mean, Chi-square/Fischer test using SPSS version 22.

Results:

The mean score before and after awareness was 6.26 ± 0.701, and the post score was 6.83 ± 0.618. There was a significant association between birth order of the child enrolled and the post-awareness grades. There was also a statistical significance between mean scores of pre- and post-awareness.

Conclusion:

We can conclude from the above study that regular and objectified communication with the mothers is an effective strategy for the improvement of their awareness regarding child nutrition.
Comparative analysis of CBNAAT (GeneXpert) and Ziehl–Nielsen staining test as diagnostic modalities of tuberculosis
Authors: Yadav Priyanka , Mahour Priyanka , Agarwal Aditi , Garg Amit
Published: February 2024

ABSTRACT

Background:

As centuries and millennia passed, tuberculosis remains the major health threat for millions of people. Due to this resurgence of tuberculosis, scientists around the globe have intensified their research efforts to curb down the transmission of this disease and that is the reason which led to the development of new and efficient diagnostic tools, one such being the rapid cartridge-based nucleic acid amplification test which can give the real-time results and that too in a short period of time. These diagnostic tools which are based on the latest technologies help in paving the way to eliminate tuberculosis by early detection method and further prevent the transmission.

Aim:

In this study, we did a comparative analysis of the effectiveness of CBNAAT technique in the early detection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis over the conventional method of Ziehl–Nielsen microscopy as diagnostic modalities.

Materials and Methods:

Comparative analysis of CBNAAT (GeneXpert) and Ziehl–Nielsen staining test was done as diagnostic modalities using standard protocols.

Results:

Out of total 300 samples, 153 were female, 146 were male, while one was transgender. For all these samples, the positivity rates were 48% for the CBNAAT technique and 21.3% for ZN staining method, respectively. For extrapulmonary samples, positivity rates were 49.1% and 11.86% for CBNAAT and ZN microscopy, respectively, while the same for pulmonary samples was 47.7% and 23.6%, respectively.

Conclusions:

ZN microscopy and CBNAAT are both initial tests for the detection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis, but the introduction of CBNAAT is a boon for peripheral sites. The higher positivity rate of CBNAAT over ZN staining is the icing on the cake with the ability to detect even those cases that could be missed by the latter.
Spectrum of pathogens and their antimicrobial susceptibility pattern isolated from bronchoalveolar lavage specimens at a hilly area in Uttarakhand
Authors: Negi Nidhi , Rawat Pankaj , Chandola Iva , Husain Uneza , Priyadarshi Ketan
Published: February 2024

ABSTRACT

Background:

Lower respiratory tract infections (LRTIs) are associated with significant morbidity and mortality in all age groups, especially young children and the elderly population. Various gram-positive and gram-negative organisms such as Streptococcus spp., Pseudomonas spp., and Klebsiella spp. have been implicated as a pathogen in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) specimens collected from such patients.

Aims and Rationale of the Study:

The present study is aimed at assessing the spectrum of the bacterial isolates and determining the antimicrobial resistance obtained from the BAL fluid from admitted patients at various wards and intensive care units (ICUs) of a tertiary care hospital in Dehradun.This will be the stepping stone in our efforts toward becoming a future antimicrobial steward and framing local antibiograms based on such data.

Material and Methods:

Two hundred BAL specimens were collected from patients admitted to various wards and ICUs of the hospital who were suffering from LRTI. The BAL specimens were subjected to direct microscopy and culture. Identification and susceptibility testing were performed.

Results:

The most predominant isolates were Pseudomonas aeruginosa (16/39 (41.02%)) followed by Klebsiella pneumoniae (7/39 (17.94%)) and Acinetobacter spp. (6/39 (15.38%)). Sixty-five percentage of Pseudomonas aeruginosa, 71% of Klebsiella pneumoniae, and 83% of Acinetobacter spp. showed intermediate results with colistin.

Conclusion:

Nonfermenters constitute a significant group of organisms isolated from bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) specimens in patients with lower respiratory tract infections (LRTIs). Hence, it is extremely important to correctly identify and determine the resistance pattern of such isolates so that appropriate empirical therapy can be initiated for the benefit of the patient.
Metabolic syndrome among apparently healthy adults residing in Delhi: Do vegetarian diets have a protective effect?
Authors: Kaur Harmeet , Aeri Bani Tamber
Published: February 2024

ABSTRACT

Background and Aims:

The prevalence of metabolic syndrome (MetS) has reached epidemic levels, mainly attributed to sedentary lifestyles, poor diets, and obesity. Improved health is one of the reasons why people adopt a vegetarian diet. There are now sufficient data to support the health benefits of a vegetarian diet. However, the presumed beneficial health effects of a vegetarian diet are still unclear, particularly in the Indian context. This study assesses MetS among healthy urban adults following vegetarian and nonvegetarian diets and explores the protective role of vegetarian diets if any.

Materials and Methods:

The present cross-sectional study was conducted on 400 healthy adults (35–60 years). An equal number of vegetarian and nonvegetarian male and female subjects were enrolled as per operational definitions. The prevalence of MetS was based on the NCEP-ATP III criteria.

Results:

The prevalence of MetS was the same among vegetarians (47.5%) and nonvegetarians (47%, P = 1). Regression analysis showed that the MetS score was significantly associated with age (β: 0.04, CI: 0.02–0.05, P < 0.001), gender (β: 0.51, CI: 0.29–0.74, P < 0.001), and physical activity (β: −0.27, CI: −0.55 to 0.01, P < 0.05). However, there was no significant association found between the prevalence of MetS and the type of diet (β: 0.13, CI: −0.10 to 0.36, P = 0.261).

Conclusions:

The study highlights a high prevalence of MetS among healthy urban adults residing in Delhi, India. The data, thus, show that a vegetarian diet did not have any protective impact against MetS, thus highlighting that it is important to consider the variations and quality of the vegetarian diets that negatively affect the body composition and contribute to the development of subsequent risk of developing MetS.
Retrospective case study of respiratory viral panel PCR testing in primary care
Authors: Lapin Kevin
Published: February 2024

ABSTRACT

Respiratory illnesses are some of the most common reasons for visits to primary and urgent care yet their treatment is rarely guided by laboratory testing. A retrospective case review was performed on the use of an reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) respiratory viral panel (RVP) in a primary-care setting to assess its impact, particularly on antibiotic prescribing. Routine sick visits where an RVP was used were reviewed to compare presentations and outcomes. In this small study, positive RVP tests help reduce unnecessary antibiotic prescriptions by nearly one-third. Although currently expensive, RVPs are a valuable tool for the assessment of respiratory illnesses distinguishing between those that require antibiotics and those with potential public health implications, such as COVID-19.
Errors in diabetic insulin therapy and the vitality of proper precautions in Bangladesh: Real-life insights from the developing world
Authors: Tulsan Suresh K. , Laila Rona , Patel Harshkumar , Dave Vyapti , Mary Rabeya M. , Sham Sunder , Anjali FNU , Jaladi Soumya , Kumar Sanjay Kirshan , Singhania Priya , Podder Vivek , Rahman Md Ferdous , Agarwala Isheka
Published: February 2024

ABSTRACT

Background:

Insulin therapy errors can have life-threatening consequences in patients with diabetes. Given the increasing prevalence of diabetes and insulin therapy in Bangladesh, it is crucial to identify and prevent these errors. This study uses case-based clinical experiences to thematically analyze insulin therapy errors and propose preventive measures. The study aims to provide valuable insights into the challenges faced in managing insulin therapy in a developing country setting and the importance of involving various stakeholders.

Materials and Methods:

This is a qualitative research that used a case study approach to identify and analyze errors in insulin therapy in diabetic patients who had experienced adverse clinical consequences. The cases were thematically analyzed to generate insights into current global health problems resulting from erroneous insulin therapy.

Results:

The two case studies highlight potential risks of errors in insulin therapy, including poor glycemic control, complications, and death. The analysis also highlights the importance of careful monitoring, checks, and communication among health-care providers, patients, and pharmacists to prevent such errors. In addition, it emphasizes the need for education and awareness among patients and health-care providers to ensure safe and effective insulin therapy.

Conclusion:

Accurate insulin therapy is crucial for diabetes management and preventing adverse outcomes. Identified themes emphasize improved communication, education, and monitoring to minimize therapy errors. Insights from this study can inform policies and practices for better patient outcomes. Further research can identify the root causes and develop interventions to prevent errors, leading to improved quality of life for diabetics.