bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ChemInform Abstract: Dehydration of Magnesium Bromide Hexahydrate Studied by in situ X‐Ray Powder Diffraction.
Authors: Dinnebier Robert E. , Runcevski Tomce , Sugimoto Kunihisa
Published: March 2013

The dehydration process of MgBr2·6H2O is characterized by powder XRD in the temperature range of 300—420 K.
ChemInform Abstract: Microwave‐Assisted Synthesis of Eu3+ Doped Lanthanum Orthoborates, Their Characterizations and Luminescent Properties.
Authors: Badan Cansin , Esenturk Okan , Yilmaz Aysen
Published: March 2013

LaBO3 with various particle sizes and 2.5, 5.0, and 7.5% Eu doped LaBO3 are prepared by microwave‐assisted combustion and sol—gel synthesis methods.
ChemInform Abstract: Assembly of a Gigantic Polyoxometalate Cluster {W200Co8O660} in a Networked Reactor System.
Authors: Ruiz de la Oliva Andreu , Sans Victor , Miras Haralampos N. , Yan Jun , Zang Hongying , Richmond Craig J. , Long De‐Liang , Cronin Leroy
Published: March 2013

{(Me2NH2)6 [H4CoW11O39] ·6H2O}n (I), Na4(Me2NH2)10 [H4CoW22O76(H2O)2] ·20H2O (II), and Na16(Me2NH2)72 [H16Co8W200O660 (H2O)40]·ca.600H2O (III) are synthesized in a networked reactor system (three primary reactors, each with two external reagent inputs, are connected together in a triangular arrangement with a central secondary reactor) from aqueous solutions of Na2WO4, CoCl2, Me2NH·HCl, Na2S2O4, and HCl.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Characterization of Alkyl‐Imidazolium‐Based Periodic Mesoporous Organosilicas: A Versatile Host for the Immobilization of Perruthenate (RuO4‐) in the Aerobic Oxidation of Alcohols.
Authors: Karimi Babak , Elhamifar Dawood , Yari Omolbanin , Khorasani Mojtaba , Vali Hojatollah , Clark James H. , Hunt Andrew J.
Published: March 2013

The catalyst can be recycled and used in at least four runs with only a slight loss in activity.
ChemInform Abstract: Nitrate as a Redox Co‐Catalyst for the Aerobic Pd‐Catalyzed Oxidation of Unactivated sp3‐C—H Bonds.
Authors: Stowers Kara J. , Kubota Asako , Sanford Melanie S.
Published: March 2013

The present new method is applicable to both oxime ether and pyridine derivatives.
ChemInform Abstract: Ruthenium‐Catalyzed Oxidative C—H Alkenylation of Aryl Carbamates.
Authors: Li Jie , Kornhaass Christoph , Ackermann Lutz
Published: March 2013

The oxidative alkenylation of aryl carbamates proceeds with high regioselectivity leading to a sole product in all cases.
ChemInform Abstract: Highly Efficient Double‐Carbonylation of Amines to Oxamides Using Gold Nanoparticle Catalysts.
Authors: Mitsudome Takato , Noujima Akifumi , Mizugaki Tomoo , Jitsukawa Koichiro , Kaneda Kiyotomi
Published: March 2013

The catalyst is recoverable and reusable without any loss of its activity or selectivity.
ChemInform Abstract: Simple and Practical Method for Preparation of [(Diacetoxy)iodo]arenes with Iodoarenes and m‐Chloroperoxybenzoic Acid.
Authors: Iinuma Masataka , Moriyama Katsuhiko , Togo Hideo
Published: March 2013

Iodoarenes (I) are subjected to reaction with MCPBA in acetic acid and the products (III) can be obtained by precipitation and subsequent filtration.
ChemInform Abstract: Enantioselective Addition of Diethylzinc to Aldehydes by Chiral Oxazolidine—Titanium Complex.
Authors: Wu Nan , Bo Rongcheng , Zhang Rongli , Jiang Xi , Wan Yu , Xu Zhou , Wu Hui
Published: March 2013

Substrates bearing electron‐withdrawing substituents afford the products with higher enantioselectivities.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of α‐Aryl Enaminones Through Reactions of β‐Aryl Enones with Benzyl Azide.
Authors: Cunha Silvio , Gomes Amenson Trindade
Published: March 2013

The BF3·OEt2‐promoted reaction of benzalacetones and dibenzalacetones with azide (II) is investigated.
ChemInform Abstract: Palladium‐Catalyzed Cyclization of Cyclopropyl‐Substituted 1,6‐Enynes to 5.7‐Bicyclic Trienes or Monocyclic Trienes Depending upon the Leaving Group.
Authors: Oh Hye Mi , Sim So Hee , Lee Sang Ick , Kim Jisu , Chung Young Keun
Published: March 2013

The cyclization of cyclopropyl‐substituted enynes proceeds in two ways depending on the presence or absence of a leaving group.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Novel Heterocyclic Systems, Benzo[b]furobenzimidazoles.
Authors: Maisuradze M. G. , Ananiashvili V. O. , Gaxokidze N. Z. , Matnadze M. M. , Tsqvitaia S. P.
Published: March 2013

Two new tetracyclic heterocompounds are obtained by cyclization under modified Phillips conditions within short reaction times.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Novel Imidazolium and Benzimidazolium Salts from Halomethyl Derivatives of 4‐Pyrones.
Authors: Ghasemi Zarrin , Gholamhoseini‐Nazari Mahdi , Allahvirdinesbat Maryam , Saraei Mahnaz , Shahrisa Aziz
Published: March 2013

A wide range of precursors of functionalized N‐heterocyclic carbenes and potentially ionic liquids is prepared.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Dihydropyrano[c]chromenes from Hydroxycoumarins Using Aliquat®336 Catalyzed Condensation in Aqueous Medium.
Authors: Patra Amarendra , Mahapatra Tanusri
Published: March 2013

Hydroxycoumarin, malononitrile and aromatic aldehydes react under microwave irradiation to afford the title compounds in high yields.
ChemInform Abstract: Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors. Regioselective Synthesis of Novel Series 1‐Substituted 1,4‐Dihydro‐4‐oxo‐3‐pyridinesulfonamides and Their Inhibition of the Human Cytosolic Isozymes I and II and Transmembrane Cancer‐Associated Isozymes IX and XII.
Authors: Brzozowski Zdzislaw , Slawinski Jaroslaw , Vullo Daniela , Supuran Claudiu T.
Published: March 2013

A series of novel sulfonamides (III) (24 examples) are synthesized and investigated as inhibitors of four isoforms of zinc enzyme carbonic anhydrase.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of 1‐Substituted 5‐Acetyl (Ethoxycarbonyl)‐2,3‐dihydropyrazolo[3,4‐b]pyridin‐3‐ones
Authors: Lebed P. S. , Mozgovaya N. G. , Manoilenko O. V. , Tolmachova V. S. , Vovk M. V.
Published: March 2013

via thermal intramolecular cyclization of dihydropyrazolylaminomethylidene β‐dicarbonyl derivatives (III)
ChemInform Abstract: Anellation of 8‐(2‐Propynylsulfanyl)quinoline.
Authors: Potapov V. A. , Malinovich D. A. , Amosova S. V. , Bhasin K. K.
Published: March 2013

New compound methylthieno[3,2‐h]quinoline (II) synthesized by cyclization of (propynylsulfanyl)quinoline in pyridine.
ChemInform Abstract: One‐Pot Synthesis of 3‐Aryl‐Substituted 1‐Hydroxy‐2‐acylindolizines.
Authors: Kloubert Tobias , Kretschmer Robert , Goerls Helmar , Krieck Sven , Westerhausen Matthias
Published: March 2013

Title compounds prepared by reaction of 1,3‐dicarbonyl compounds (I) with aldehydes are obtained as single crystals and their X‐ray structures are given and discussed.
ChemInform Abstract: Preparation of Isoindolo[2,1‐a]quinoxalines Based on N‐(2‐Aminophenyl)isoindole Derivatives.
Authors: Sypchenko V. V. , Potikha L. M. , Kovtunenko V. A. , Baumer V. N. , Shishkin O. V.
Published: March 2013

Compound (III) is used as starting material for a series leading to several derivatives of isoindolo[2,1‐a]quinoxaline.
ChemInform Abstract: Docking Studies, Synthesis, Characterization of Some Novel Oxazine Substituted 9‐Anilinoacridine Derivatives and Evaluation for Their Antioxidant and Anticancer Activities as Topoisomerase II Inhibitors.
Authors: Kalirajan R. , Kulshrestha Vivek , Sankar S. , Jubie S.
Published: March 2013

Novel acridine derivatives (IIIa) and (IIIc)—(IIIe) have significant anticancer activity against Daltons Lymphoma Ascites (DLA) cells.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Polycyclic Imidazo[1,4]thiazine Derivatives by an ANRORC Domino Reaction.
Authors: Voskressenky Leonid G. , Festa Alexey A. , Sokolova Ekaterina A. , Khrustalev Victor N. , Varlamov Alexey V.
Published: March 2013

For the first time a multistep anionic domino reaction incorporating an ANRORC (addition of nucleophile/ ring opening/ ring closure) transformation is presented.
ChemInform Abstract: Pd—Au Bimetallic Catalysts: Understanding Alloy Effects from Planar Models and (Supported) Nanoparticles
Authors: Gao Feng , Goodman D. Wayne
Published: March 2013

Review: 60 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Metal Overlayer on Metal Carbide Substrate: Unique Bimetallic Properties for Catalysis and Electrocatalysis
Authors: Kelly Thomas G. , Chen Jingguang G.
Published: March 2013

Review: 62 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Applications of Extended X‐Ray Absorption Fine‐Structure Spectroscopy to Studies of Bimetallic Nanoparticle Catalysts
Authors: Frenkel Anatoly I.
Published: March 2013

Review: 161 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Distribution of Cyclic and Acyclic Bis‐bibenzyls in the Marchantiophyta (Liverworts), Ferns and Higher Plants and Their Biological Activities, Biosynthesis, and Total Synthesis
Authors: Asakawa Yoshinori , Ludwiczuk Agnieszka
Published: March 2013

Review: 111 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Chiral Metal Complex Promoted Asymmetric Hydrophosphinations
Authors: Pullarkat Sumod A. , Leung Pak‐Hing
Published: March 2013

Review: 92 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: N‐Methylation of Peptides and Proteins: An Important Element for Modulating Biological Functions
Authors: Chatterjee Jayanta , Rechenmacher Florian , Kessler Horst
Published: March 2013

Review: 166 refs.
Double diffusive convection and thermodiffusion of fullerene–toluene nanofluid in a porous cavity
Authors: Ahadi Amirhossein , Yousefi Tooraj , Saghir M. Ziad
Published: March 2013

The full Brinkman equation coupled with the heat and mass transfer equations was solved numerically using the finite element technique. A square cavity filled with hydrocarbon nanofluid of fullerene–toluene with different concentration values of fullerene was subject to various heating conditions. Results have confirmed that in the presence of nanofluid a heat transfer enhancement is present until a certain amount of initial concentration of the nanofluids. The heat convection coefficient was found to be 16% higher when nanofluid is used as the wetting fluid. In addition, it was determined that the concentration of fullerene in toluene has its limitation in heat removal enhancement. In fact, beyond 5% of fullerene, there is no noticeable enhancement of the heat removal in the system. The model was also used to study thermodiffusion effects in the cavity. Despite the small value and negligible effects of thermodiffusion in general heat and mass transfer problems, which is <5% in the case of studying nanofluids, a maximum value of 20% variation of fullerene concentration has been detected. Moreover, fullerene separation was investigated for different heating intensities. As the Rayleigh number increases, the mixing was found to reduce the separation, which diminishes the Soret effect in the system.
A developed smart technique to predict minimum miscible pressure—eor implications
Authors: Zendehboudi Sohrab , Ahmadi Mohammad Ali , Bahadori Alireza , Shafiei Ali , Babadagli Tayfun
Published: March 2013

Miscible gas injection (MGI) processes such as miscible CO2flooding have been in use as attractive EOR options, especially in conventional oil reserves. Optimal design of MGI is strongly dependent on parameters such as gas–oil minimum miscibility pressure (MMP), which is normally determined through expensive and time‐consuming laboratory tests. Thus, developing a fast and reliable technique to predict gas–oil MMP is inevitable. To address this issue, a smart model is developed in this paper to forecast gas–oil MMP on the basis of a feed‐forward artificial neural network (FF‐ANN) combined with particle swarm optimisation (PSO). The MMP of a reservoir fluid was considered as a function of reservoir temperature and the compositions of oil and injected gas in the proposed model. Results of this study indicate that reservoir temperature among the input parameters selected for the PSO–ANN has the greatest impact on MMP value. The developed PSO–ANN model was examined using experimental data, and a reasonable match was attained showing a good potential for the proposed predictive tools in estimation of gas–oil MMP. Compared with other available methods, the proposed model is capable of forecasting oil–gas MMP more accurately in wide ranges of thermodynamic and process conditions. All predictive models used other than the PSO–ANN model failed in providing a good estimate of the oil–gas MMP of the hydrocarbon mixtures in Azadegan oilfield, Iran. © 2013 Canadian Society for Chemical Engineering
The importance of k‐space trajectory on off‐resonance artifact in segmented echo‐planar imaging
Authors: Bender Jacob A. , Ahmad Rizwan , Simonetti Orlando P.
Published: March 2013

Segmented interleaved echo planar imaging (EPI) is a highly efficient data acquisition technique; however, EPI is sensitive to artifacts from off‐resonance spins. The choice of k‐space trajectories is important in determining how off‐resonance spins contribute to image artifacts. Top‐down and center‐out trajectories are theoretically analyzed, simulated, implemented, and tested in phantom and volunteer experiments. Theoretical results show off‐resonance artifact manifests as a simple positional shift for the top‐down trajectory, while for the center‐out trajectory off‐resonance artifact manifests as a splitting of the object, which entails both shift and blurring. These results were validated using simulation and phantom scan data where a frequency‐offset was introduced ranging from −300 Hz to +300 Hz. As predicted by the theoretical results, inferior image quality was observed for the center‐out trajectory in a single volunteer. Off‐resonance produces more severe and complex artifacts with the center‐out trajectory than the top‐down trajectory. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Concepts Magn Reson Part 42A: 23–31, 2013.
Sodium‐glucose cotransporter 2‐mediated oxidative stress augments advanced glycation end products‐induced tubular cell apoptosis
Authors: Maeda Sayaka , Matsui Takanori , Takeuchi Masayoshi , Yamagishi Sho‐ichi
Published: March 2013

Background

Ninety percent of glucose filtered by the glomerulus is reabsorbed by a sodium‐glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2), which is expressed mainly on the apical membrane of renal proximal tubules. Because blockade of SGLT2 promotes urinary glucose excretion and thereby improves hyperglycaemia, selective inhibition of SGLT2 has been proposed as a potential therapeutic target for the treatment of patients with diabetes. Moreover, advanced glycation end products (AGEs)‐receptor (RAGE) system induces apoptosis of tubular cells, thereby playing a role in diabetic nephropathy as well. However, the pathophysiological crosstalk of SGLT2 with AGEs–RAGE axis and its role in diabetic nephropathy remains unknown.

Methods

This study investigated whether and how blockade of SGLT2 could prevent AGEs‐elicited apoptosis of high glucose‐exposed proximal tubular cells in vitro.

Results

SGLT2 was expressed in tubular cells. Tubular SGLT2 expression and glucose entry into the cells were completely blocked by the treatment with small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) raised against SGLT2. High glucose increased reactive oxygen species generation and RAGE expression levels in tubular cells, both of which were partly suppressed by SGLT2 siRNAs or an antioxidant, N‐acetylcysteine. Further, high glucose was found to augment the AGEs‐induced tubular cell apoptosis, which was also inhibited by SGLT2 siRNAs.

Conclusions

Our present data suggest that SGLT2‐mediated, high glucose‐induced reactive oxygen species generation could augment the AGEs‐induced apoptotic cell death of tubular cells via RAGE induction. SGLT2 may play some role in tubular apoptosis in diabetic nephropathy. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Crystallographic Space Group Choice and Its Chemical Consequences: Revised Crystal Structure of [Fe(phen)2Cl2]NO3
Authors: Huang Yuxing , Moret Marc‐Etienne , Klein Gebbink Robertus J. M. , Lutz Martin
Published: March 2013

The crystal structure of [Fe(phen)2Cl2]NO3, recently published in the C2/c space group, has been redetermined. The revised structure is shown to belong to the lower symmetry space group Cc and to contain additional water and acetic acid solvent molecules involved in one‐dimensional, hydrogen‐bonded chains incorporating the nitrate counterion. Accordingly, crystals obtained by means of the reported procedure should be formulated as [Fe(phen)2Cl2]NO3·CH3COOH·H2O for proper use in further experiments.
Batch‐to‐batch variability of two human designer cell lines – AGE1.HN and AGE1.HN.AAT – carried out by different laboratories under defined culture conditions using a mathematical model
Authors: Freund Susann , Rath Alexander , Barradas Oscar Platas , Skerhutt Eva , Scholz Sebastian , Niklas Jens , Sandig Volker , Rose Thomas , Heinzle Elmar , Noll Thomas , Pörtner Ralf , Zeng An Ping , Reichl Udo
Published: March 2013

Systems biology approaches involve collaboration of a larger number of research groups. Experiments are being performed in different laboratories dealing with different aspects of the topic of interest. Therefore, comparability of data collected for further analysis and modeling needs critical assessment. Here, growth and product formation of two human designer cell lines (AGE1.HN and its α1‐antitrypsin producing clone AGE1.HN.AAT) were investigated by four research laboratories. Cell lines were cultivated in shake flasks and stirred tank bioreactors operated at standardized conditions using a chemically defined medium, and a simple mathematical model was used to estimate characteristic process parameters. Results obtained for 35 batches showed that neither the initial viable cell concentration nor the initial concentration of glucose and glutamine showed significant differences between laboratories. For these measurements with low variations, specific growth rate and yields varied between 8.5 and 26% (relative standard error), indicating comparability of cultivations between laboratories for exponential growth. Higher variations of fitted parameters related to measurements with high initial variation. Comparing the nonproducing with the producing cell line, no significant differences were found regarding growth dynamics and metabolism. Overall, it seems justified to draw conclusions based on the entire experimental dataset of this systems biology project.
Lead isotope provinciality of central North Pacific Deep Water over the Cenozoic
Authors: Chen Tian‐Yu , Ling Hong‐Fei , Hu Rong , Frank Martin , Jiang Shao‐Yong
Published: March 2013

Understanding the pre‐anthropogenic Pb cycle of central North Pacific deep water has attracted a lot of attention in recent years, partly because of its unique geographical location in that it is a remote gyre system characterized by high dust fluxes and sluggish overturning circulation. However, the factors controlling Pb isotope evolution in this area over the Cenozoic are still controversial and various mechanisms have been proposed in previous studies. Here we report new Pb and Nd isotope time series of four ferromanganese crusts (two from the western Pacific near the Mariana arc and the other two from the central Pacific). Together with previously published records, we discuss for the first time the significance of a persistent and systematic Pb isotopic provinciality recorded by central North Pacific crusts over the Cenozoic. We propose that globally well mixed stratosphere volcanic aerosols could contribute Pb but have not been the major factors controlling the Pb isotope distribution in the central North Pacific over time. Island arc input (and probably enhanced hydrothermal input between about 45 and 20 Ma) likely controlled the Pb isotope provinciality and evolution prior to ~20 Ma, when coeval Pb isotope records in different crusts showed large differences and atmospheric silicate dust flux was extremely low. After the Eocene, in particular after 20 Ma, Asian dust input has become an isotopically resolvable source, while island arc‐derived Pb has remained important to balance the dust input and to produce the observed Pb isotope distribution in the central North Pacific during this period.
Constraints on core‐mantle boundary topography from normal mode splitting
Authors: Soldati Gaia , Koelemeijer Paula , Boschi Lapo , Deuss Arwen
Published: March 2013

The frequencies of Earth's normal modes are split by rotation, ellipticity, and internal structure of the Earth. Thus, models of mantle heterogeneity and discontinuity topography generate splitting that may be tested against observations. We insert maps of core‐mantle boundary (CMB) topography, which are derived via either a purely seismic or a joint tomographic/geodynamic inversion of body waves data, on top of tomographic model S20RTS. We then calculate synthetic splitting functions for normal modes that have been shown to be sensitive to CMB topography and compare these to observed normal mode splitting data. The CMB topography maps obtained via geodynamically constrained tomography fit normal mode data better than purely seismic maps, in particular when the geodynamic constraint also accounts for the presence of post‐perovskite in the D″ region. We test the significance of the reduction in misfit using the concept of observability which suggests that normal modes are able to observe the difference between the different CMB topography maps. In addition, we find that the statistical significance, assessed by checking what fraction of 1000 randomly generated CMB models achieve a comparatively good fit as the desired model, is higher than 92% for degree 2 and 98% for all degrees. In summary, we have identified a model of CMB topography that fits body wave data and improves, at least to some extent, the fit to normal mode data, and is coherent with the large‐scale pattern of deep mantle heterogeneity expected on the basis of convection modeling.
Interhemispheric asymmetry in transient global warming: The role of Drake Passage
Authors: Hutchinson David K. , England Matthew H. , Santoso Agus , Hogg Andrew McC.
Published: March 2013

Climate models predict that the Northern Hemisphere (NH) will warm faster than the Southern Hemisphere (SH) in response to increasing greenhouse gases, and observations show that this trend has already begun to occur. This interhemispheric asymmetry has largely been attributed to land‐ocean differences between the hemispheres and Arctic sea ice melt, while the role of ocean currents in setting this asymmetry is less well understood. This study isolates the impact of an open Southern Ocean gateway upon the interhemispheric asymmetry in transient global warming by forcing a fully coupled climate model with an increasing CO2 scenario with and without a land bridge across Drake Passage (DP). It is found that over the transient warming period, the NH‐SH surface warming asymmetry is reduced in the DP closed case, by approximately 41% for sea surface temperature and approximately 6% for surface air temperature. In the DP open case, sea ice extent is far greater in the SH than in the DP closed case, whereas the sea ice response to warming in the NH is insensitive to whether or not DP is closed. These results illustrate that part of the interhemispheric asymmetry in surface warming is due to the Antarctic Circumpolar Current (ACC) thermally isolating Antarctica. The ACC limits ocean heat transport across the DP latitudes and allows a much greater coverage of sea ice in the Southern Ocean than would be the case in the absence of a circumpolar ocean.
Local resection of the mass to treat the osteochondroma of the mandibular condyle: Indications and different methods with 38‐case series
Authors: Chen Min‐Jie , Yang Chi , Qiu Ya‐Ting , He Dong‐Mei , Zhou Qin , Huang Dong , Shi Hui‐Min
Published: March 2013

Background

Local resection of the mass was reported to treat the condylar osteochodroma in some cases. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the feasibility and the indications of the local resection.

Methods

In all, 47 patients with osteochondroma of the mandibular condyle were treated from January 2002 to March 2012. The decision to perform local resection depended on 2 factors: there was a stalk existing between the mass and the condyle, and the condylar surface was involved less than 1/2.

Results

Local resection of the mass was performed in 38 cases (80.1%). These masses were removed by 4 methods: direct removal (18 cases), pushed‐out by a screw and steel wire (14 cases), excision in multiple pieces (3 cases), and temporary osteotomy of the zygomatic arch (3 cases). In the follow‐up period, there was no recurrence.

Conclusion

Local resection of the mass was a more conservative procedure to treat the solitary osteochondroma with a stalk. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck 36: 273–279, 2014
A small disturbance, but a serious disease: The possible mechanism of D52H‐mutant of human PRS1 that causes gout
Authors: Chen Peng , Li Jianzhong , Ma Jin , Teng Maikun , Li Xu
Published: March 2013

Phosphoribosyl pyrophosphate synthetase isoform 1 (PRS1) has an essential role in the de novo and salvage synthesis of human purine and pyrimidine nucleotides. The dysfunction of PRS1 will dramatically influence nucleotides' concentration in patient's body and lead to different kinds of disorders (such as hyperuricemia, gout and deafness). The D52H missense mutation of PRS1 will lead to a conspicuous phosphoribosyl pyrophosphate content elevation in the erythrocyte of patients and finally induce hyperuricemia and serious gout. In this study, the enzyme activity analysis indicated that D52H‐mutant possessed similar catalytic activity to the wild‐type PRS1, and the 2.27 Å resolution D52H‐mutant crystal structure revealed that the stable interaction network surrounding the 52 position of PRS1 would be completely destroyed by the substitution of histidine. These interaction variations would further influence the conformation of ADP‐binding pocket of D52H‐mutant and reduced the inhibitor sensitivity of PRS1 in patient's body. © 2013 IUBMB Life, 65(6):518–525, 2013.
Renal Effects of Bumetanide
Authors: PUSCHETT JULES B.
Published: March 2013

Abstract: Upon administration of bumetanide in normal human subjects, both glomerular filtration rate and effective renal plasma flow were increased, in approximately proportional amounts. Sodium excretion rose to 16 per cent of filtered load, whereas there was a chloriuresis of 23 per cent. During maximal water diuresis, the drug caused an increase in urine flow rate associated with a rise in osmolal clearance and no change in solute‐free water clearance. Intravenous injection of the drug during hypertonic saline infusion into hydropenic subjects resulted in the virtual abolition of water abstraction from the collecting duct. The drug caused a modest increase in phosphate excretion but no change in the percentage of filtered bicarbonate excreted. Furthermore, neither urinary pH nor net hydrogen ion excretion was altered by the drug. The data suggest that bumetanide has its major action in the loop of Henle but that it also inhibits sodium transport in the proximal tubule. In addition, the nature of the proximal action does not appear to be related to a carbonic anhydrase inhibitory effect. These latter observations regarding the proximal action of the drug were verified by micropuncture studies performed in the dog.
Comparative Acute Cochlear Toxicity of Intravenous Bumetanide and Furosemide in the Purebred Beagle
Authors: BROWN R. DON
Published: March 2013

Abstract: Comparisons were made of the effects of various doses of intravenous bumetanide and furosemide on the primary auditory afferent activity (N1) and cochlear microphonics (CM) of beagles. The dose‐response relationships of the N1 depressions to bumetanide and furosemide are parallel; those of the CM depressions are also parallel but have a much shallower slope than those of the N1 depressions. With both drugs, N1 depression occurs at lower doses than does CM depression. The N1 depression produced by a particular dose of bumetanide or furosemide bore a linear relationship to the CM depression produced. This finding supports the postulate that the cochlear site and mechanism of ototoxic action of the loop diuretics are directed at an earlier step of the cochlear transduction process than N1. Using N1 depression as the gross electrophysiologic index of ototoxicity, the acute ototoxic potency of bumetanide in beagles is approximately 6.5 times that of furosemide, whereas its diuretic potency is 40 to 60 times that of furosemide. Therefore, when clinical dosages of the two drugs are considered, the relative acute ototoxic potency of bumetanide in the beagle is 0.11 to 0.16 that of furosemide. This range is identical to the relative ototoxic potency of 0.11 to 0.16 previously obtained in the cat. Serum concentrations of bumetanide and furosemide increased linearly with the doses of the two drugs, except for the highest dose given (100 mg/kg for both drugs). The serum concentrations at that dose of both drugs are less than the mathematically predicted values. Histologic (light‐microscopic) examination of the cochleas did not reveal any significant pathology.
Bumetanide‐Induced Diuresis and Natriuresis: Effect of Prostaglandin Synthetase Inhibition
Authors: KAUFMAN JAMES , HAMBURGER ROBERT , MATHESON JOSEPHINE , FLAMENBAUM WALTER
Published: March 2013

Abstract: The effects on the renal actions of bumetanide of two inhibitors of prostaglandin synthetase, acetylsalicylic acid (ASA) and indomethacin, were studied in eight normal adults. Indomethacin alone resulted in a significant decrease in FENa compared to the control period. Bumetanide alone resulted in increases in urine volume, FENa, and plasma renin activity. Both ASA and indomethacin blunted the increases in urine volume and sodium excretion, although the inhibition by indomethacin was greater than that of ASA. In addition, indomethacin completely inhibited the bumetanide‐induced increase in plasma renin activity. No consistent relationship between these effects and urinary prostaglandin E2 or F excretion was noted. These studies indicate that prostaglandin synthetase inhibitors may interfere with the effects of bumetanide.
A Comparison of Bumetanide and Furosemide in the Treatment of Ascites. Cooperative Study
Authors: HERLONG H. F. , HUNTER F. M. , KOFF R. S. , MADDREY W. C.
Published: March 2013

Abstract: In a cooperative study by clinicians in three medical facilities, bumetanide was compared with furosemide in patients presenting with ascites, a complication of chronic liver disease. In an open, parallel, randomized trial, 43 patients received bumetanide and 16 patients received furosemide. They were treated for from one to 28 weeks. Weight loss and decrease in abdominal girth following diuretic action occurred in both groups but was statistically significant only in the bumetanide treated patients. Because of the small number of patients on furosemide, valid statistical analysis could not be obtained. No evidence of hepatic encephalopathy developed during this study, and only one patient on furosemide was discontinued as a result of severe electrolyte imbalance. Differences in changes of electrolytes and uric acid were not statistically significant in the two groups. The majority of drug‐related abnormalities were the result of the pharmacologic activity of the diuretic.
Application of Urine Nicotine and Cotinine Excretion Rates to Assessment of Nicotine Replacement in Light, Moderate, and Heavy Smokers Undergoing Transdermal Therapy
Authors: Lawson George M. , Hurt Richard D. , Dale Lowell C. , Offord Kenneth P. , Croghan Ivana T. , Schroeder Darrell R. , Jiang Nai‐S.
Published: March 2013

As part of a clinical trial investigating the level of nicotine replacement with different doses of transdermal therapy for smoking cessation, urine excretion rates of nicotine and cotinine were measured in 70 subjects while they were actively smoking (baseline) and for 6 consecutive inpatient days while they were receiving transdermal nicotine therapy. Subjects were stratified according to baseline smoking rate as light (10–15 cigarettes per day), moderate (16–30 cigarettes per day), or heavy (>30 cigarettes per day) smokers and randomly assigned to a daily 24‐hour patch delivering a transdermal nicotine dose of 0, 11, 22, or 44 mg. Steady‐state excretion rates of nicotine and cotinine were attained in 2 and 3 days, respectively, at all doses and were independent of smoking rate. Percentage replacement of nicotine was calculated by dividing steady‐state nicotine or cotinine excretion rates by their respective baseline excretion rates. Significant underreplacement occurred with the 11‐mg/day dose, particularly in moderate and heavy smokers (<50%). At a dose of 22 mg/day, nicotine replacement was still <100% in the majority of subjects. Only at a dose of 44 mg/day did mean replacement exceed 100% regardless of baseline smoking rate.
Mechanical properties and cytotoxicity of a resorbable bioactive implant prepared by rapid prototyping technique
Authors: El‐Ghannam Ahmed , Hart Amanda , White Dean , Cunningham Larry
Published: March 2013

Bioceramic processing using rapid prototyping technique (RPT) results in a fragile device that requires thermal treatment to improve the mechanical properties. This investigation evaluates the effect of thermal treatment on the mechanical, porosity, and bioactivity properties as well as the cytotoxicity of a porous silica‐calcium phosphate nanocomposite (SCPC) implant prepared by RPT. Porous SCPC implant was subject to 3‐h treatment at 800°C, 850°C, or 900°C. The compressive strength (s) and modulus of elasticity (E) were doubled when the sintering temperature is raised from 850 to 900°C measuring (s = 15.326 ± 2.95 MPa and E = 1095 ± 164 MPa) after the later treatment. The significant increase in mechanical properties takes place with minimal changes in the surface area and the percentage of pores in the range 1–356 μm. The SCPC implant prepared at 900°C was loaded with rh‐BMP‐2 and grafted into a segmental defect in the rabbit ulna. Histology analyses showed highly vascularized bone formation inside the defect. Histopathological analyses of the liver, spleen, kidney, heart, and the lung of rabbits grafted with and without SCPC demonstrated healthy tissues with no signs of toxicity or morphology alterations. Results of the study suggest that it is possible to engineering the mechanical properties of the SCPC implant without compromising its bioactivity. The enhanced bone formation inside the porous SCPC facilitated cell‐mediated graft resorption and prohibited any accumulation of the material in the body organs. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 101A: 2851‐2861, 2013.
Promotive effect of insulin‐like growth factor‐1 for epithelial sealing to titanium implants
Authors: Atsuta Ikiru , Ayukawa Yasunori , Furuhashi Akihiro , Yamaza Takayoshi , Tsukiyama Yoshihiro , Koyano Kiyoshi
Published: March 2013

Improvement of oral epithelial adhesion to titanium (Ti) may significantly enhance the efficacy of dental implants. Here, we investigated whether insulin‐like growth factor‐1 (IGF‐1) improved the sealing of the peri‐implant epithelium (PIE) around the implant. Right maxillary first molars were extracted from rats and replaced with experimental implants. After 4 weeks of IGF‐1 treatment, the implant‐PIE interface exhibited a band of immunoreactive laminin‐332 (Ln‐5), similar to the tooth‐junctional epithelium interface, that was partially absent in the untreated group. Immunoelectron microscopy showed a characteristic Ln‐5‐positive band including hemidesmosomes at both the apical and upper portions of the implant‐PIE interface in the IGF‐1‐treated group. We also investigated the effects of IGF‐1/PI3K inhibitors on the dynamics of rat oral epithelial cells (OECs) grown on Ti plates. In OECs cultured with IGF‐1, adhesion protein expression increased, cell adherence to Ti plates was higher, and proliferation was faster, whereas migration and apoptosis were induced in the absence of IGF‐1 or in the presence of both IGF‐1 and a PI3K inhibitor. These data suggest that PI3K mediates the promotive effects of IGF‐1, and that IGF‐1 is effective at enhancing epithelial integration around Ti implants. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 101A:2896–2904, 2013.
Characterization of protein release from poly(ethylene glycol) hydrogels with crosslink density gradients
Authors: Bal Tuğba , Kepsutlu Burcu , Kizilel Seda
Published: March 2013

Transplantation of cells within poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) hydrogel scaffolds as effective immunoisolation barriers is becoming increasingly important strategy for tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. In these applications, crosslink density of these membranes has significant effect on the control of diffusion of many biomolecules such as nutrients, cellular wastes, and hormones. When these networks are designed with crosslink density gradients, alterations in network structure may have an effect on biomolecule diffusivity. The goal of this work was to synthesize PEG hydrogels via surface initiated photopolymerization for use in applications involving physiological protein delivery and cell encapsulation. For this purpose, PEG hydrogels of differing crosslink density gradients were formed via surface initiated photopolymerization, and the diffusion of model proteins with various molecular weights were observed through these PEG hydrogel scaffolds with defined properties. Diffusion coefficients were on the order of 10−7−10−8 cm2/s and protein diffusion time scales varied from 5 min to 30 h. The results confirm that synthetic PEG hydrogels with crosslink density gradients are promising for controlled release of bioactive molecules and for covalent incorporation of ligands to support cell viability. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 102A: 487–495, 2014.
Conservation of Amelogenin Gene Expression During Tetrapod Evolution
Authors: ASSARAF‐WEILL NATHALIE , GASSE BARBARA , AL‐HASHIMI NAWFAL , DELGADO SIDNEY , SIRE JEAN‐YVES , DAVIT‐BÉAL TIPHAINE
Published: March 2013

Well studied in mammals, amelogenesis is less known at the molecular level in reptiles and amphibians. In the course of extensive studies of enamel matrix protein (EMP) evolution in tetrapods, we look for correlation between changes in protein sequences and temporospatial protein gene expression during amelogenesis, using an evo‐devo approach. Our target is the major EMP, amelogenin (AMEL) that plays a crucial role in enamel structure. We focused here our attention to an amphibian, the salamander Pleurodeles waltl. RNAs were extracted from the lower jaws of a juvenile P. waltl and the complete AMEL sequence was obtained using PCR and RACE PCR. The alignment of P. waltl AMEL with other tetrapodan (frogs, reptiles and mammals) sequences revealed residue conservation in the N‐ and C‐terminal regions, and a highly variable central region. Using sense and anti‐sense probes synthetized from the P. waltl AMEL sequence, we performed in situ hybridization on sections during amelogenesis in larvae, juveniles, and adults. We demonstrated that (i) AMEL expression was always found to be restricted to ameloblasts, (ii) the expression pattern was conserved through ontogeny, even in larvae where enameloid is present in addition to enamel, and (iii) the processes are similar to those described in lizards and mammals. These findings indicate that high variations in the central region of AMEL have not modified its temporospatial expression during amelogenesis for 360 million years of tetrapod evolution. J. Exp. Zool. (Mol. Dev. Evol.) 320B:200–209, 2013. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
A Versatile Approach for the Synthesis of 8H‐Thieno[2,3‐b]indoles and N‐[2‐(2‐N‐(R1,R2)‐2‐Thioxoacetyl)‐phenyl]acetamides from 1‐Acetyl‐1,2‐dihydro‐3H‐indol‐3‐one (Acetylindoxyl) and Its Derivatives: A Novel Synthesis of Intermediate (1‐Acetyl‐1H‐indol‐3‐yl)malononitrile/cyanoacetates
Authors: Velezheva Valeriya S. , Lepyoshkin Alexander Yu. , Turchin Konstantin F. , Fedorova Irina N. , Peregudov Alexander S. , Brennan Patrick J.
Published: March 2013

We report on two approaches for the synthesis of new 2‐amino‐3‐cyano/alkoxycarbonyl‐8H‐thieno[2,3‐b]indoles 5 and another one for the synthesis of 2‐N,N‐dialkylamino‐3‐cyano/aryl‐8H‐thieno[2,3‐b]indoles 16, based either on acetylindoxyl 1 and (1‐acetyl‐1H‐indol‐3‐yl)malononitrile/cyanoacetates 14 or 2‐bromoacetylindoxyl 2 transformations. A new, simple, rapid, and efficient method for the synthesis of valuable key intermediate malononitrile/cyanoacetates 14 based on acetylindoxyl 1 condensation with malononitrile or cyanoacetates in the presence of triethylamine has been developed. A number of synthetic procedures for the preparation of thioacetamides 6, 1‐acetylthioisatin 8, and 2,2‐disubstituted indoxyls 13 have been elaborated during the synthesis of thieno[2,3‐b]indoles. Thioacetamides 6 have been shown as novel agents active against Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv, the cause of tuberculosis, with minimal inhibitory concentration values ranging between 5 and 21 μg/mL.
Evolutionary morphology of the hemolymph vascular system in hermit and king crabs (Crustacea: Decapoda: Anomala)
Authors: Keiler Jonas , Richter Stefan , Wirkner Christian S.
Published: March 2013

The morphological transformation of hermit crabs into crab‐like king crabs in the evolution of decapod crustaceans represents a remarkable case of carcinization or evolutionary shaping into a crab‐like form. In this study, we focus on internal organs such as the hemolymph vascular system and adjacent anatomical structures of several Recent hermit crab (Paguridae) and king crab (Lithodidae) species. There are various correspondences in the morphology of the arterial systems in the dorsal cephalothorax of the two taxa, especially with regard to the anterior aorta, anterior lateral arteries, and hepatic arteries. In the pleon, the posterior aorta in both taxa displays a proximal bifurcation and follows an asymmetrical course. The ventral vessel system, on the other hand, which mainly supplies the limbs, differs significantly between the taxa, with pagurids displaying the plesiomorphic condition. The pattern of the ventral vessel system in Lithodidae is influenced by morphological transformations of integumental structures during carcinization. One of these transformations was the broadening of the sternites, which resulted in a widening of the space between the endosternites. In addition, changes in the morphology of the endophragmal skeleton in Lithodidae led to an increase in the potential for intraspecific variability and interspecific variation in the arterial branching pattern. J. Morphol., 2013. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Association of the CT values of real‐time PCR of viral upper respiratory tract infection with clinical severity, Kenya
Authors: Fuller James A. , Njenga M. Kariuki , Bigogo Godfrey , Aura Barrack , Ope Maurice O. , Nderitu Leonard , Wakhule Lilian , Erdman Dean D. , Breiman Robert F. , Feikin Daniel R.
Published: March 2013

Quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction (qRT‐PCR) assay of the upper respiratory tract is used increasingly to diagnose lower respiratory tract infections. The cycle threshold (CT) values of qRT‐PCR are continuous, semi‐quantitative measurements of viral load, although interpretation of diagnostic qRT‐PCR results are often categorized as positive, indeterminate, or negative, obscuring potentially useful clinical interpretation of CT values. From 2008 to 2010, naso/oropharyngeal swabs were collected from outpatients with influenza‐like illness, inpatients with severe respiratory illness, and asymptomatic controls in rural Kenya. CT values of positive specimens (i.e., CT values < 40.0) were compared by clinical severity category for five viruses using Mann–Whitney U‐test and logistic regression. Among children <5 years old we tested with respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), inpatients had lower median CT values (27.2) than controls (35.8, P = 0.008) and outpatients (34.7, P < 0.001). Among children and older patients infected with influenza virus, outpatients had the lowest median CT values (29.8 and 24.1, respectively) compared with controls (P = 0.193 for children, P < 0.001 for older participants) and inpatients (P = 0.009 for children, P < 0.001 for older participants). All differences remained significant in logistic regression when controlling for age, days since onset, and coinfection. CT values were similar for adenovirus, human metapneumovirus, and parainfluenza virus in all severity groups. In conclusion, the CT values from the qRT‐PCR of upper respiratory tract specimens were associated with clinical severity for some respiratory viruses. J. Med. Virol. 85:924–932, 2013. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
High risk of cytomegalovirus infection following solid organ transplantation despite prophylactic therapy
Authors: Harvala Heli , Stewart Camilla , Muller Kate , Burns Sheila , Marson Lorna , MacGilchrist Alastair , Johannessen Ingolfur
Published: March 2013

Cytomegalovirus infection (CMV) in solid organ transplant recipients is a major clinical problem. The aim of this study was to evaluate the incidence of CMV infection and its association with mortality during the first year after transplantation in a large solid organ transplant cohort at the Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh between January 2006 and April 2009. Data including the use of CMV prophylaxis, nature of CMV disease, treatment and deceased date (when appropriate) was collected retrospectively using hospital databases and patient notes for all transplanted patients with detectable CMV viraemia. The outcomes between recipients of kidney and liver transplants in the four CMV donor/recipient serostatus categories (D+R+, D−R−, D+R−, D−R+) were compared. A total of 428 individuals were included. Despite the administration of valganciclovir prophylaxis, CMV disease (syndrome or end‐organ involvement) was diagnosed within the year of transplantation in the D+R−‐group in 31.3% of liver and 19.2% of kidney recipients. All D+R− transplant recipients that received CMV‐prophylaxis presented with late‐onset CMV disease. Furthermore, the rate of CMV disease in the D+R+‐group was markedly higher in renal graft recipients compared to liver recipients (22% vs. 5%). The highest mortality was observed among the D+R+ liver and kidney graft recipients with CMV infection. The high incidence of late‐onset CMV disease in D+R− transplant recipients receiving CMV prophylaxis demonstrates that CMV disease remains an important problem after organ transplantation. Furthermore, the surprisingly high mortality in the D+R+‐transplant patients with CMV viraemia highlights the need for proactive monitoring of this group. J. Med. Virol. 85:893–898, 2013. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.