bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The usage of traditional remedies in comparison with medical remedies for the common cold in Al-Medina Al-Munawara
Authors: AlBalawi Haya Zaki H. , Saber Lobna M. , Khawaji Nussaiba Yahya N. , AlSibaa Narjes Mansour A. , AlHarbi Layan Khalid M. , AlMutairi Sara Mohammed S.
Published: October 2024

Background: The common cold, a prevalent viral infection of the upper respiratory tract, often prompts individuals to seek alternative treatments, including herbal and traditional remedies. In Saudi Arabia, herbal medicines, including those with traditional origins, are widespread, reflecting high trust and reliance on these natural remedies. This study aimed to investigate the awareness and use of traditional herbal remedies for treating the common cold in Al-Madinah Al-Munawara, Saudi Arabia, and to compare their effectiveness with conventional medical treatments.
Methods: A cross-sectional web-based survey was conducted among 408 individuals aged 18-63 years in Al-Madinah Al-Munawara, Saudi Arabia, from September 2023 to January 2024. A self-administered questionnaire was used to collect data on demographic characteristics, common cold symptoms, and the use of natural products and medications for treating the common cold. The sample size was calculated using OpenEpi version 3, and data were analyzed using SPSS version 27.
Results: The results found that traditional and herbal remedies were widely used for treating 230 (56.4%), preventing 67 (16.4%), and enhancing health 59 (14.5%). Along with honey 208 (51.0%) was the most used natural product, followed by guava tea 78 (19.1%), black seed 72 (17.6%), and black cumin 50 (12.3%). Natural products alone were used by 281 (68.9%), while 202 (49.5%) used both medications and natural products.
Conclusions: The study found a high prevalence of using traditional herbal remedies, particularly honey, compared to conventional medicines for treating common colds in Al-Madinah Al-Munawara, reflecting cultural significance in Saudi Arabia.
Maternal and perinatal outcome in antepartum hemorrhage
Authors: Reddy Aamani , D. Suchetha , K. Swathi , G. Mahalakshmi
Published: October 2024

Background: Antepartum hemorrhage (APH) is defined as bleeding from or into the genital tract, occurring from 24+0 weeks of gestation and prior to delivery.  Placenta previa (PP) and abruptio placenta (AP) constitute the two main causes of APH. The condition is associated with severe maternal and perinatal morbidity and mortality. The incidence has been on the rise due to increased incidence of operations in the current era. The objectives of the study are to determine the proportion, to assess the feto maternal outcome of APH and the risk factors associated with the maternal and fetal morbidity and mortality.
Methods: A prospective observational study conducted in the department of obstetrics and gynecology at Gandhi hospital from January 2021 to June 2022. All the women with complaints of bleeding per vaginum were included in the study after obtaining consent. The feto maternal outcome was monitored and noted down and statistical analysis was done.
Results: The 100 antenatal women with bleeding per vaginum were included in the study. The results showed that majority of APH cases were among multigravida in the age group of 21-25 years. and in the gestational age of 36-38 weeks. Hypertensive disorder of pregnancy was the most common risk factor identified for abruption. LSCS was the most common mode of termination of pregnancy and postpartum hemorrhage (PPH) is the most common complication encountered. There were 3 maternal deaths.
Conclusions: APH is still a leading cause of maternal morbidity and mortality in our country. Awareness of pregnant women about the importance of regular antenatal checkups and easy accessibility to antenatal services go a long way in bringing down the maternal and perinatal morbidity and mortality related with APH.
Effect of black coffee and green tea on plasma C-peptide level in apparently healthy adults
Authors: Mittal Anupam , Kumar Pradeep , Singh Shraddha , Ali Wahid , Singh Suresh Kumar , Chauhan Pradeep Kumar
Published: October 2024

Background: Black coffee and green tea, both known for their antioxidant properties and potential health benefits. Black coffee, rich in chlorogenic acid, is stimulating but can cause jitteriness due to its caffeine content. In contrast, green tea offers a balanced approach, with catechins providing anti-inflammatory effects and L-theanine promoting calm focus. In this study, we will investigate and compare the effects of black coffee and green tea on glucose metabolism and insulin sensitivity, aiming to deepen our understanding of their roles in managing metabolic health and related disorders.
Methods: The study was conducted at King George’s Medical University, Lucknow, from April 1, 2023, to March 31, 2024, involved 140 healthy participants aged 20 to 30 years, divided into three groups: black coffee Group (35 participants), green tea group (35 participants), and lukewarm water control group (70 participants).
Results: The study found no significant changes in plasma C-peptide levels after 21 days of consuming black coffee, green tea, or lukewarm water. Black coffee group (case), plasma C-peptide p=0.224. Green tea group (case), plasma C-peptide p=0.768. Lukewarm water group (control), plasma C-peptide p=0.491. All p values were above 0.05, indicating no significant effect of the beverages on these metabolic markers.
Conclusions: The study concluded that neither black coffee nor green tea had a significant impact on plasma C-peptide levels in the short term. However, further research with larger sample sizes and varied demographics is recommended to validate these findings and explore long-term effects.
Understanding the spectrum of rhino-orbito-cerebral mucormycosis: clinical presentation, management strategies, and prognostic markers in an Indian tertiary care setting
Authors: Kishve Sanjay , Kishve Prajakta , Reddy G. Pavan Kalyan
Published: October 2024

Background: Rhino-orbito-cerebral mucormycosis (ROCM) is an angio-invasive fungal infection characterized by tissue infarction and necrosis. Its incidence has surged, particularly in the backdrop of the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic, necessitating a comprehensive understanding of its clinical presentation, management outcomes, and prognostic factors.
Methods: This retrospective cohort study analyzed data from 100 ROCM patients admitted to a tertiary care hospital in India between February 2021 and September 2021. Clinical presentations, laboratory investigations, treatment outcomes, and adverse reactions were assessed. Associations between comorbidities (diabetes mellitus, COVID-19) and mortality were analyzed using odds ratios, and relative risks.
Results: The study cohort comprised 55 male and 45 female patients, with a mean age of 52 years. Diabetes mellitus was prevalent in 83% of patients, with 80% testing positive for COVID-19. Common presenting symptoms included ophthalmoplegia (71%) and diminution of vision (58%). Initial investigations revealed a high incidence of paranasal sinusitis and maxillary osteomyelitis. Treatment involved intravenous liposomal Amphotericin-B and aggressive surgical debridement. The mortality rate was 17%, with diabetes mellitus and COVID-19 significantly associated with mortality.
Conclusions: ROCM presents substantial morbidity and mortality, particularly among patients with comorbidities such as diabetes mellitus and COVID-19. Early diagnosis, prompt initiation of antifungal therapy, and aggressive surgical intervention are essential for improving patient outcomes. Multidisciplinary collaboration and proactive management strategies are imperative in addressing the challenges posed by this invasive fungal infection.
Levodopa induced hyponatremia in an elderly patient
Authors: Magri Chantelle , Cordina John
Published: October 2024

Hyponatremia is one of the most common electrolyte abnormalities encountered in clinical practice. Older persons have an increased risk of developing hyponatremia due to multimorbidity and frequent polypharmacy. We present a case of hyponatremia induced by levodopa in an 87-year-old lady not suffering from Parkinson’s disease. This case highlights an important iatrogenic cause of hyponatremia and its sequelae.
A case report of Hashimoto’s encephalitis in a young patient: a diagnostic challenge
Authors: Samhitha Mogalapu Sai , Sivakumar Nithila , Ramamoorthy Lakshiya , Murugesan Lakshmi
Published: October 2024

Encephalopathy may arise from intrinsic neurological factors or systemic illnesses. The causes can be diverse, with many being reversible. Therefore, prompt identification of the underlying cause is essential for effective patient management. Hashimoto’s encephalopathy, also known as steroid-responsive encephalopathy with autoimmune thyroiditis (SREAT), is characterized by markedly elevated antithyroid peroxidase antibody levels, suggesting an autoimmune origin. The term SREAT reflects its remarkable responsiveness to corticosteroid therapy. Being readily reversible and its response to steroids, Hashimoto's encephalopathy should be taken into consideration when investigating cases of encephalopathies where no definite aetiology is found. Diagnosis involves ruling out other potential causes, including infections, dysglycemia, electrolyte imbalances, myxedema coma, thyroid storm, hypo- and hypercortisolism, among others. This report presents the case of a 25-year-old woman with a history of hypothyroidism who presented with altered consciousness. Following the exclusion of other potential causes, a diagnosis of Hashimoto’s encephalopathy was established, and the patient responded well to intravenous steroid treatment, showing marked clinical improvement. This highlights the importance of considering this differential in treating young hypothyroid patients presenting with altered mental status.
A case report on leucine rich glioma inactivated 1 antibody encephalitis
Authors: Agarwal Vikas , Gongati Nissi , Kachu Ravi
Published: October 2024

Anti-leucine rich glioma inactivated 1 (LGI1) antibody-mediated encephalitis represents an autoantibody mediated variant of limbic encephalitis (LE). We hereby report the case of a 69-year-old female patient experiencing symptoms of giddiness and forgetfulness, which have persisted for the past 90 days. Additionally, she has exhibited behaviours such as irrelevant conversations, confusion, and jerky movements. Upon reviewing her medical history, it was found that she has been diagnosed with hypertension and bronchial asthma, both of which are being managed with ongoing medication. The MRI scan of the brain revealed bilateral, asymmetrical FLAIR hyperintensities within the amygdala and medial temporal lobes (MTL) on both sides, as well as in the left capsuloganglionic region. Further investigations revealed presence of LGI 1 antibodies in both CSF and serum. Subsequently, administration of intravenous immunoglobulin and steroids was initiated, which demonstrated a significant enhancement in her cognitive function. This case study serves to underscore critical elements that ought to prompt the early suspicion of LGI1 encephalitis, such as hyponatremia, autonomic dysfunction, and recurrent refractory seizures. The prompt identification of this condition is correlated with an increased probability of improved clinical results and the maintenance of brain structural integrity, which is intricately connected to the commencement of immunosuppressive treatment.
Enhancing mental health care with AI: a review discussing biases, methodologies, and clinician preferences
Authors: Sharma Saksham , Kaur Harsimar , Venkatagiri Kiranmai , Desai Pari , Chintala Deepthi
Published: October 2024

Integrating artificial intelligence (AI) into mental health care offers promising avenues for improving diagnostic accuracy, personalised treatment, and healthcare delivery. However, potential biases, methodological considerations, and the impact on clinical decision-making warrant critical examination of the implementation of AI in mental health practices. In this study 50 (27 male and 23 female) adult skulls were investigated to determine the type of asterion, its distance from important bony landmarks and also the nearby venous sinuses were measured. This study revealed that type II (absence of sutural bones) was commoner than type I (presence of type I) asterion. Regarding the position of the asterion in relation to transverse sinus, it was on the transverse sinus in 62% cases, below it in 32% and above in 6%. The data obtained shows that the asterion is located either at the level or above the level of the transverse sinus in majority of the cases. This information is useful to neurosurgeons to reduce the risk during posterior cranial fossa surgeries. This work will also be useful to anthropologists, forensic science experts for determination of sex of the skull along with other parameters.
Impact of COVID-19 pandemic on medical and non-medical students at a private university in Malaysia
Authors: Li Ming Ang , Yee Saw Sen , Elanggovan Keerthana , Wei Chery Pang Yi , Rai Saraswathi Bina
Published: October 2024

Background: Worldwide the COVID-19 pandemic affected people in various ways. Despite all the constraints students were in a unique position of being thrown into a lockdown situation where they had to learn from home and online. This had its own repercussions, and our aim was to study the effect of learning, as well as the mental and financial impact it had on the students at this private university.
Methods: Using a pre-validated google questionnaire, we conducted a cross-sectional study amongst the undergraduate students from the various faculties. We used a modified DASS-21, with 15 questions rated on a Likert’s scale to assess mental health. Academic assessment and the financial impact assessment had 8 questions each. Sample size was 177. Cronbach’s for overall internal consistency was 0.860.
Results: We had 208 respondents, where 66.3% were female and 62% Chinese.  The mean score for medical students (mean=38.3, SD=12.9) was slightly higher than non-medical students (mean=37.3, SD=11.6). Overall non-medical students faced more challenges than the medical students academically as seen in poor contact with lecturers (chi square 10.73, p=0.030), their home environment was not conducive for learning (chi square 4.38, p=0.036) and have significantly more distraction from family members (chi square 4.87, p=0.027). Financially, a significant number of non-medical students struggled to pay for food expenses (chi square 12.92, p≤0.001).
Conclusions: There was no significant difference between medical and non-medical students on mental health issues. Non-medical students were impacted more academically and financially.
What is the level of knowledge of first year dentistry students about human papillomavirus? a cross-sectional study
Authors: Gullu Ayla
Published: October 2024

Background: Epidemiological studies have shown increasing trends of HPV-associated oral cancers worldwide. HPV-related diseases are a new public health problem that negatively affects the field of dentistry. The aim of this study is to determine the knowledge levels of first-year dentistry students about HPV.
Methods: The study population consisted of 130 students enrolled in the first year of the Faculty of Dentistry in the academic year of 2023 and 2024. The Human Papilloma Virus Knowledge Scale (HPV-KS) was used to determine students' HPV knowledge levels. In the analysis of the data, the t test, and Mann-Whitney U test were used.
Results: 53.6% of the students were female and 96% were in the 18-21 age group. The HPV-KS score of the students was found to be 10.60±7.27 (0-33). 58.4% of the students stated that they had heard of HPV before, 57.6% had heard of the HPV test before, and 50.4% had heard of the HPV vaccine before. Furthermore, female students scored significantly higher than male students in the HPV vaccine knowledge questions sub-dimensions (p=0.037).
Conclusions: Considering the knowledge levels of students in the first grade, it can guide the educational programs to be prepared.  In order to protect public health, it is recommended to increase the knowledge of dentistry students about HPV and HPV-related diseases.
A descriptive study to assess the knowledge attitude and practice of employees regarding prevention of occupational health hazards in a selected sugar mill of Uttar Pradesh
Authors: Vipra  , Avarachan Anney , Jose Jeena , Kudi Surat Ram , Lata Kusum
Published: October 2024

Background: Approximately 30 to 50% works exposed to occupational health hazard and 120 million workers become victim in 200000 fatalities annually. Aim of the study was to assess the knowledge attitude and practice of employees regarding prevention of occupational health hazards in a selected sugar mill of Uttar Pradesh.
Methods: A descriptive survey was done on co-operate sugar mill Baghat. Data has been taken from the co-operate sugar mill employees working on the machine and in field areas. 100 participants had chosen using convenient sampling technique. Structured knowledge questionnaire was developed to assess knowledge, structured checklist to measure practices and Likert scale to assess attitude of employees.
Results: 60% employees worked in machinery area and 40% were in field area. 37% have not faced any hazards faced, 26% has faced eye infection, 19% got fracture,18% developed respiratory problems, 17% faced crush injuries, 16% had back problem, 13% have burn injuries and 4% had history of any kind of allergy. 6% of sugar mill employees had good knowledge, 51% sugar mill employees had average and 43% employees had poor knowledge. 15% employees had good practice; 85% employees had poor 90% employees had good attitude; 10% employees had poor attitude regarding occupational health hazard.
Conclusions: Lack of knowledge regarding prevention of occupational health hazard put workers on risk of many diseases. Awareness program should be conducted regularly to enhance knowledge of workers and improve their skills.
Expectation, perception, and satisfaction of antenatal care services among pregnant women attending health facilities of Lumbini province, Nepal: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Ruchal Rajendra , Singh Sumer , Pant Pradip Raj
Published: October 2024

Background: Antenatal care (ANC) plays a crucial role in ensuring the health and well-being of pregnant women by providing regular checkups to identify potential complications and deliver important guidance on pregnancy and childbirth. While the expectations surrounding ANC services are shaped by user's individual needs and preferences, the quality of care experienced is largely determined by the service providers. The level of service quality significantly influences the utilization of ANC service, as women are more likely to use services that satisfied their expectations. This study aimed to assess the expectations, perceptions, and satisfaction levels of pregnant women concerning the ANC services offered by health institutions in Lumbini Province.
Methods: An institution-based cross-sectional analytical study was carried out involving 2,986 pregnant women, selected through multistage cluster sampling. Quantitative analysis was carried out to calculate the perception, expectation, and satisfaction score. The SERVQUAL tool was utilized to measure expectation, perception and service quality gap.
Results: The study involved 2,986 pregnant women, the majority of whom (76.7%) were aged 20-30 years, 38.5% were Janajati, most of them (32.5%) had a secondary level of education, and 78.8% were housewives. The expectation score was higher than the perception. Overall, only 67% of pregnant women were satisfied with the services.
Conclusions: Significant disparities exist between the expectations and actual perceptions of ANC users, indicating a lower level of satisfaction among mothers with the ANC services. The study concluded that decreased satisfaction with the service is likely to reduce the trend of service utilization.
Explosion disaster at a pharmaceutical facility in Visakhapatnam, India
Authors: Krishnamurti Chandrasekhar
Published: October 2024

An industrial accident at a red category Escientia Advanced Sciences Pharmaceutical Company at Anakapalli district on 21st August claimed 17 lives due to blast injuries and 36 others sustained various degrees of thermal injuries. A Methyl-tert butyl ether (MTBE) heavy solvent leak while transiting from the second floor to the storage tank on the ground floor resulted in a vapour cloud around the power panel located there and ignited.  The fire then spread through the ducts of the air handling unit to four other modules in the production block. Thick smoke and flames engulfed the facility, hampering rescue operations. 14 fire tenders and 50 fire personnel fought the blaze for an hour before arresting the blaze and preventing it from reaching the higher floors. Skylift, boom lifts and cranes were deployed by firefighters to break the plate glass windows and extricate 13 trapped workers. Around 380 employees work two shifts at the plant and most of them escaped because they were on lunch break when the explosion started the conflagration. The injured were treated at the NTR and private hospital at Anakapalli and the evacuated to tertiary hospital in the city and the Government Medical College at Visakhapatnam. No trauma or burns centre are available at the special economic zone housing the pharma city where 120 industrial accidents and equivalent number of deaths have been reported over the past five years. A detailed enquiry has been ordered into the incident by the State Government.
Assessment of adherence to antihypertensive medication and its associated factors: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Nair Parvati , Nakade Sneha , Deshmukh Jyotsna
Published: October 2024

Background: Hypertension is a silent killer. India is home to approximately 220 million hypertensive individuals. Poor adherence to medication may lead to complications and add to the burden of disease. So, this study aims to assess medication adherence and its associated factors.
Methods: This hospital based cross sectional study was conducted at Urban Health Training center. Patients who attended Out Patient Department over the period of three months were enrolled in the study. Morisky Medication Adherence four-point scale (MMAS-4) was used to study compliance, while JAMOVI software was used for data analysis.
Results: Around half (45%) of the patients had high adherence to anti-hypertensive medication. Various sociodemographic factors like age, gender, education, occupation, family history, personal history and duration of hypertension were considered. A significant association was observed between age and duration with adherence.
Conclusions: There was significant association between age and poor adherence. Timely interventions are necessary to reinforce good compliance to antihypertensive drugs.
Unravelling the sleep crisis: insomnia among medical students in government and private medical college students in Mysuru district
Authors: M. Rakesh , D. Sunil Kumar , Khan Mudassir , Nath Anchu R. , M. Sana Khader , P. Anila
Published: October 2024

Background: Insomnia, a prevalent sleep disorder, significantly impacts medical students due to the high levels of stress and demanding academic schedules. The educational environment of medical students, marked by intense competition and high expectations, often contributes to chronic stress, a known precursor to sleep disturbances. This study aimed to compare the prevalence of insomnia among medical students in government and private medical colleges and assess the factors contributing to insomnia in these groups.
Methods: The cross-sectional study was conducted among 490 medical students from government and private medical colleges over three months (April to June 2024). Systematic sampling was used to select participants, and data were collected via a self-administered questionnaire, including sociodemographic information and the Athens insomnia scale. Data were analysed using SPSS Version 26.0, with chi-square tests for qualitative data and Mann-Whitney U tests for insomnia comparisons.
Results: The study revealed a significantly higher prevalence of insomnia in private medical college students (40.8%) compared to government college students (11.8%). Significant associations were found between insomnia and insufficient sleep, stress, and depression in both groups. Additionally, the use of mobile devices at night and irregular sleep patterns during exams were linked to higher insomnia rates. The median insomnia score was higher in private medical college students compared to government college students, indicating a statistically significant difference (p value <0.05).
Conclusions: Targeted interventions to improve sleep quality and mental health support are crucial for this population. Regular assessments and feedback mechanisms should be implemented to enhance the effectiveness of these interventions.
Competency mapping among Rashtriya Bal Swasthya Karyakram nurses in Kerala
Authors: Chandru B. Aravind , George Jerry Philip , Rajeesh Devika , Fernandez Bhavya Benzigar , N. T. Thanooja , Jithesh V.
Published: October 2024

Background: In India, birth defects, nutritional deficiencies, disabilities, and developmental delays among children cause significant public health challenges. The Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, aims to address these issues through the Rashtriya Bal Swasthya Karyakram (RBSK) program. RBSK nurses are the crucial part of this program. They screen the children between zero to eighteen years as a part of early intervention. This study mainly aimed to map the competencies among RBSK nurses from randomly selected districts of Kerala.
Methods: This qualitative study employed key informant interviews with the state nodal officer, district early intervention centre managers, and district coordinators; and in-depth interviews (IDIs) with RBSK nurses, as well as report and document review. Inductive coding was applied to two selected interview transcripts from each district, followed by deductive coding with the rest of the transcribed data to derive themes.
Results: The findings are presented using the ‘core competencies of public health professionals’ as revised and adopted by the council on linkages between academia and public health practice in 2021. RBSK nurses in Kerala exhibited proficiency in multiple domains, including knowledge of child health issues, clinical skills, communication, patient education, care for vulnerable population, organizing activities, electronic health record usage, multitasking, teamwork, and problem-solving skills.
Conclusions: This dedication and proficiency demonstrated by RBSK nurses in Kerala, serve as a global model for emphasising the importance of early intervention and comprehensive care for children.
Impact of increased screen-time on ocular health of professional college students during COVID-19: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Mary Eldo Basil , Elsa Mathews Nimila , Johnson Basil , Sara Roy Alin
Published: October 2024

Background: Digital Eye Strain (DES) or Computer Vision Syndrome (CVS) is a group of eye and vision related problems that result from prolonged use of digital devices. The usage of digital devices has gone up across the globe, since the declaration of the lockdown due to COVID-19. This study aimed to estimate the prevalence of digital eye strain (DES) due to increased screen time and to determine the factors associated with it, among undergraduate medical students during COVID-19.
Methods: The study analyzed over 280 responses from undergraduate medical students having exposure to digital devices daily for a period more than 6 months during COVID 19 pandemic. A pre-validated questionnaire Computer Vision Syndrome Questionnaire (CVS-Q) which contains 16 symptoms associated with Digital Eye Strain (DES) was used to calculate the DES score. The frequency and intensity of these symptoms adds up to give a total score. A score ≥6 indicated the presence of DES. Data analysis was done using MS Excel and SPSS software.
Results: Digital eye strain was found to be prevalent among 61% of the total respondents. It was seen that daily digital device usage increased to above 5 hours after commencement of pandemic (p=0·001). Headache was the most common symptom (83.92). DES has a female gender predominance (p=0.024).
Conclusions: There is a high prevalence of digital eye strain among undergraduate medical students during pandemic. Awareness should be created among students about impact of DES on ocular health. Measures to reduce DES are recommended.
Comparative evaluation of anxiety levels among adult patients undergoing dental treatment in pediatric and conventional operatory: a randomised clinical trial
Authors: Kulkarni Poorva , Hugar Shivayogi M. , Bhusari Bhuvanesh N. , Bagewadi Anjana , Desai Samruddhi , Hugar Shweta
Published: October 2024

Background: Individuals of all ages often experience anxiety before undergoing dental procedures. Therefore, it's crucial for dentists to create a calming operatory environment with distraction techniques to help alleviate adult patient anxiety. This clinical trial evaluated adult patient anxiety in both conventional and pediatric operatory rooms.
Methods: This prospective split-mouth randomized controlled clinical trial was 11 conducted between November 2023 and April 2024. Twenty-four adult patients (13 females and 11 12 males) with a mean age of 37±4.53 years participated in this study. Each participant (n=24) received 13 both conventional and pediatric operatory. Pre- and post-operative pulse rates and anxiety scores 14 were measured using a pulse oximeter and modified Corah’s dental anxiety scale, respectively, in both 15 operatory rooms.
Results: The study found a statistically significant decrease in both pulse rate and anxiety scores post-operatively in both operatory settings (p<0.05). However, the reduction in anxiety was more pronounced in the pediatric operatory compared to the conventional operatory (p=0.0433). Participants reported greater comfort and reduced anxiety in the pediatric setting, with 83% favoring its vibrant ambiance and 87% feeling less anxious after treatment in this environment.
Conclusions: The vibrant environment of a pediatric dentistry operatory, featuring colorful walls, television, music, and other engaging elements can serve as a more effective for reducing anxiety compared to the plain and monotonous ambiance of the operatory.
ASARA-A technology-driven maternal and child healthcare model of Araku
Authors: Venkatesh Babu Kirthana , Ravi Shilpa , Turlapathi Swarnalatha , Bhaskar Kalla
Published: October 2024

Tribal populations form 8.6% of total India’s population. The health indicators of tribal populations lag behind their non-tribal counterparts. Limited access to healthcare services, poor transportation facilities, increased out-of-pocket expenditures for health, distinct cultural practices and remote settlement among many others contribute to the poor health status of the tribal populations. However, to achieve sustainable development goals by 2030, it is extremely important to address the healthcare needs of the tribal population. The current paper is the first part of the model of care working paper series that discusses the components of the ASARA project to highlight the impacts of the decade long efforts towards improving maternal and child care in the region.
Biocompatibility and performance of new generation dental composites
Authors: A. Assiri Abdulmajeed , Alzahrani Raed Y. , Alkhashram Mariam A. , Albuti Deema A. , Alghamdi Azzah M. , Basaad Ammar S. , Alsaadi Hamad M. , Khawandanah Wisam W. , Alrashidi Amal M. , Alhabash Khalid M. , Alsualmi Khaled F. , Mandourah Mohammed A.
Published: October 2024

Dental composites have undergone significant advancements in recent years, with new-generation materials being developed to improve both biocompatibility and mechanical performance. These innovations have led to the increased use of dental composites in restorative dentistry, particularly in both anterior and posterior restorations. Biocompatibility remains a key concern, as the release of unreacted monomers, such as bisphenol A glycidyl methacrylate (Bis-GMA), can cause local tissue irritation or systemic effects. Modern composites aim to reduce these risks by incorporating alternative resin systems and advanced photo initiators. Nanotechnology has further enhanced the performance of these materials by improving mechanical strength and wear resistance, but questions about the safety of nanoparticles and their long-term biological effects continue to be explored. In addition to biocompatibility, the mechanical properties of new-generation composites have been significantly optimized. The introduction of bulk-fill composites allows for deeper polymerization and faster placement, reducing clinical procedure times while maintaining high mechanical integrity. Polymerization shrinkage, a common issue in traditional composites, has been minimized in newer formulations, reducing the risk of marginal gaps and microleakage. The effectiveness of different light-curing units, such as light-emitting diode (LED) versus halogen lights, plays a crucial role in achieving optimal polymerization depth, especially in posterior restorations where light penetration can be limited. Long-term clinical outcomes depend on several factors, including material choice, placement technique, and patient adherence to oral hygiene. Despite the improvements in composite materials, the longevity of restorations still faces challenges such as wear, fracture, and degradation over time. Continued research into the safety, effectiveness, and clinical performance of new-generation composites is essential to ensuring patient safety and enhancing the durability of restorations in the future. These advancements promise to address many of the limitations seen in earlier dental materials while offering superior performance and patient satisfaction.
Unleashing the relationship between climate change and infectious diseases
Authors: A. Athirsha , M. Anitha , Sundar Jasmine S. , Kalpana S. , Valarmathi S. , Srinivas G.
Published: October 2024

Climate change is rapidly emerging as a powerful driver of human health, understanding the relation between infectious disease dynamics and climate change is crucial for public health, particularly in developing nations. This article review delves into the intricate relationship between climate change and infectious diseases, with a particular focus on how climate factors are influencing the spread of vector borne diseases and water borne diseases such as prevalent diseases like malaria, cholera, and dengue in India. The objective is to assess the relationship between climate change and the burden of infectious diseases, with a focus on understanding how climate factors influence the prevalence and spread of infectious diseases. A literature search using PubMed, Science Direct, and government and international health reports focused on the terms 'climate change', 'infectious diseases' and 'health impact’. The review highlights that climate change accelerates vector lifecycles and creates favourable conditions for pathogens, leading to more frequent and severe outbreaks. Extreme weather events are worsening these risks, leading to more frequent and severe outbreaks. This poses a growing threat to global health, particularly in vulnerable regions like India. Despite government efforts, significant challenges remain. Strengthening healthcare infrastructure, improving disease surveillance, and adopting climate-resilient practices are essential to safeguard vulnerable populations and mitigate the impact of climate change on public health.
Epidemiology of skin diseases among children attending the University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital, Ituku-Ozalla, Enugu State: a retrospective observational study
Authors: Remé Brittani , Enwereji Ndidi , Anyanechi Chinechelum N. , Ojinmah Uche R.
Published: October 2024

Background: Numerous studies have examined skin disease trends in Nigeria, revealing a shift towards increased allergic dermatoses. This research assessed the patient landscape at a clinic and satellite site in Obukpa, Nigeria.
Methods: A retrospective study of patients seen in the skin clinic of the university of Nigeria teaching hospital (UNTH), Ituku Ozalla, and the rural outpost in Obukpa between November 2009 and 2018 was carried out. A total of 1851 patients' data were analyzed. Diagnosis was based on clinical findings.
Results: There were more females (n=1007 [54.4%]) than males (n=844 [45.6%]). Most of the patients were of school age (6-12 years), and the most typical skin disease category was infectious disorders (32.5%), another categories/miscellaneous group (27.7%). Nearly all patients that presented to the rural outpost in Obukpa resided in the surrounding area of Nsukka (93.4%).
Conclusions: Comparing the study findings with an earlier one from the same center, there is no change in pattern, with infectious disorders being the most common skin disease category. However, these are largely preventable and emphasize the need for public enlightenment campaigns and policies to discourage the over-the-counter purchase of prescription-strength corticosteroid creams and antibiotics by parents and caregivers, a prevalent practice before seeking medical attention for their children. In addition, there is an urgent need to strengthen dermatologic training in primary health care settings, especially among pediatricians in Nigeria, to improve access to care.
Enhancing patient education and engagement through digital intelligence tools in dermatology
Authors: Herrick Grace , Frasier Kelly , Li Vivian , Fritts Haily , Woolhiser Emily , Vinagolu-Baur Julia
Published: October 2024

This comprehensive digital health review examines the expanding landscape of digital intelligence tools within dermatology, specifically examining the innovative role of AI-powered applications aimed at educating and engaging patients in managing their skin health. Drawing upon a wide array of existing research, this review scrutinizes the evolution and impact of various digital tools. These include interactive apps that leverage AI algorithms to deliver tailored skincare guidance, considering factors such as skin type, concerns, and environmental factors. Additionally, the review explores the emerging use of immersive virtual reality experiences to deepen patients’ understanding of skin conditions, offering vivid simulations and educational content. These innovative approaches showcase significant promise in not only improving patient outcomes but also fostering greater treatment adherence and overall satisfaction with dermatological care. Looking ahead, future research should prioritize fine-tuning AI algorithms to further personalize patient recommendations, exploring the integration of wearable technology for real-time monitoring, and conducting longitudinal studies to evaluate the sustained effectiveness and scalability of digital intelligence tools in promoting patient education and engagement. Moreover, innovative strategies such as gamification techniques and social support platforms hold considerable potential for enhancing patient empowerment and involvement in managing their skin health. Leveraging digital intelligence tools will eventually redefine the landscape of dermatological care, empowering patients and optimizing treatment outcomes through enhanced education and engagement.
Optimizing pediatric psoriasis management through anti-inflammatory dietary interventions
Authors: Loperfito Alexandra , Owsley Aspynn , Coleman Bret-Ashleigh , Ruppe Marissa , Sultan Rawan , Frasier Kelly , Fritts Haily
Published: October 2024

Recent studies have increasingly focused on investigating the impact of anti-inflammatory dietary patterns, particularly emphasizing the Mediterranean diet, on the severity and progression of pediatric psoriasis. This review comprehensively examines a wide range of studies that explore the correlation between dietary intake patterns and clinical outcomes in children with psoriasis, providing a detailed synthesis of current evidence. It critically evaluates the role of specific anti-inflammatory nutrients such as polyphenols, omega-3 fatty acids, and vitamins A, D, and E, emphasizing their mechanisms in reducing inflammatory markers and modulating immune responses specific to pediatric psoriasis. Additionally, the review provides an in-depth assessment of the safety, feasibility, and long-term adherence to these dietary patterns, considering factors like dietary compliance, nutritional adequacy, and potential adverse effects. By offering a nuanced analysis, this review aims to substantiate the potential efficacy of anti-inflammatory diets as adjunctive therapies for pediatric psoriasis management, identifying existing research gaps and suggesting avenues for future investigations to optimize dietary interventions in clinical settings.
Ciência Aberta Contra a Desinformação
Authors: Pimenta Ricardo , Regly Tainá , Belfort Hugo , Silva Anna Karla
Published: October 2024

O enfrentamento da desinformação no Brasil é uma tarefa multifacetada, demandando ações coordenadas entre diferentes atores. O objetivo do estudo consiste em, a partir do emprego de uma ferramenta de código aberto de coleta e organização de dados, analisar como as narrativas de desinformação referentes ao processo eleitoral no Brasil em 2022 se relacionam entre si e identificar possíveis padrões desinformacionais presentes nas notícias analisadas, por vezes, desmentidas por agências de checagem. As agências monitoradas foram: Aos fatos; Agência Lupa; Comprova; E-farsas; Estadão Verifica; Boatos.org; Fato ou Fake e Uol Confere. Já a análise dos dados foi realizada por outra ferramenta código aberto: Voyant Tools. Esse sistema opera de maneira online para realizar análise de textos, apoiando a leitura e interpretação de corpus textuais. Os resultados obtidos demonstram que as fake news e demais registros desinformacionais atuam de maneira similar à mecânica “trend topics” de redes sociais. Onde a capilaridade e a dinâmica de desinformação nunca foram uma legítima expressão cultural autêntica, mas sim um emprego, uma técnica, direcionada a neutralizar o então “oponente” de seus emissores. E nesse caso a bipolaridade narrativa da desinformação se revela marcante entre apenas dois candidatos: Bolsonaro e Lula.
Ciência Aberta e Inteligência Artificial
Authors: Rockembach Moisés
Published: October 2024

O artigo aborda os desafios éticos e de transparência associados ao uso de Inteligência Artificial (IA) em alinhamento com os princípios da Ciência Aberta, com um foco especial nos modelos generativos, como o ChatGPT e Mistral. Utilizando uma metodologia que combina pesquisa documental e bibliográfica, o estudo examina tanto modelos de IA abertos quanto fechados, analisando como essas tecnologias podem distorcer a integridade científica. O objetivo central é fomentar um debate sobre as implicações dessas distorções e propor mecanismos para mitigar tais efeitos, reforçando a necessidade de modelos transparentes que assegurem a reprodutibilidade científica. Conclui-se que, quando aplicados com rigor ético, os modelos generativos têm o potencial de auxiliar significativamente a Ciência Aberta, promovendo um novo nível de colaboração e inovação no campo científico.
Desambiguação de Nomes de Autores
Authors: Pereira Rodrigues Maria Eduarda , Moitinho Rodrigues António
Published: October 2024

Nos repositórios institucionais o controlo de autoridade dos nomes dos autores e a desambiguação permanecem um desafio, sendo essenciais à gestão da informação. Este estudo pretendeu verificar o nível de desambiguação dos nomes dos autores nos repositórios de 8 institutos politécnicos portugueses. Analisaram-se 800 entradas de autor em 100 registos por repositório e codificaram-se as dúvidas/ocorrências. Registaram-se 124 dúvidas/ocorrências. Verificou-se escassa utilização dos identificadores ORCID e CIÊNCIA-ID. Identificou-se a necessidade de desambiguar nomes de autores, o que permitirá agregar a produção individual dos autores num único ponto de acesso, melhorando os resultados da pesquisa.
Rede Ibero-Americana de Editores Científicos de Educação (RIECE)
Authors: Machado Fiuza Fialho Lia , Silva do Nascimento Karla Angélica , Alves da Costa Maria Aparecida
Published: October 2024

Trata-se de uma pesquisa em rede envolvendo uma equipe de 37 editores, de 32 universidades e 12 países, que elege como objeto de estudo as revistas científicas emergentes da área de educação. Objetiva-se qualificar científica e tecnologicamente os periódicos brasileiros e de outros países latino-americanos, caribenhos e africanos a partir da articulação dos conhecimentos editoriais da equipe com foco na internacionalização, na indexação e na aderência à ciência aberta. Metodologicamente, foi utilizada a pesquisa-ação para fomentar o aprendizado em rede. Constitui-se a Rede Ibero-Americana de Editores Científicos de Educação para o fortalecimento contínuo de periódicos por meio de ações colaborativas.
UMinho Editora e a Avaliação das Revistas Alojadas
Authors: Fernandes Marques Carla Sofia , Lopes Costa Susana Patrícia , Miguel Oliveira Bento Príncipe Pedro , Rodrigues Eloy
Published: October 2024

Um dos serviços que a UMinho Editora oferece é o alojamento de revistas na sua plataforma de gestão editorial, que utiliza o software OJS. Em 2024, a UMinho Editora decidiu, a partir de uma lista de critérios baseada nas boas práticas de publicação científica e de ciência aberta, realizar uma auditoria às suas revistas, para atestar que as mesmas cumprem as boas práticas de publicação científica, utilizam o serviço de alojamento em pleno e verificar se implementam inovações de ciência aberta. O objetivo é apresentar soluções de melhoria e elaborar um guia destinado a editores de revistas.
Catalytic purification of helium concentrate from hydrogen: catalysts, conditions and features of the process
Authors: Uskov S. I. , Potemkin D. I. , Urlukov A. S. , Chumachenko V. A.
Published: October 2024

The paper presents the results of a study of Pt and Pd catalysts deposited on porous aluminum oxide in the reaction of hydrogen oxidation reaction for use the process of helium concentrate purification. The properties of the prepared catalysts were compared with the properties of a foreign reference catalyst. In a laboratory reactor using a mixture simulating helium concentrate, we studied the “ignition” and deactivation of catalysts at room temperature, which simulates the conditions at the inlet section of an industrial adiabatic reactor. The properties of catalysts were also studied at temperatures of 200, 250 and 300 °C under conditions simulating the middle part and the outlet of an industrial reactor. The secondary process of hydrogen formation at 250-300 °C was studied, which is explained by methane and ethane steam reforming which present in the model mixture simulating helium concentrate. The results of the work can be used in the development of domestic catalysts for the purification of helium obtained from natural gas.