bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Identifying Eastern US Atmospheric River Types and Evaluating Historical Trends
Authors: Ramseyer Craig A. , Stanfield Tyler J. , Van Tol Zachary , Gingrich Tyler , Henry Parker , Forister Peter , Lamkin Bradley , Stackhouse Shakira , Sauda Samrin Samaiya
Published: September 2022

An atmospheric river (AR) is the primary moisture transport forcing in the Western United States, making ARs the predominant producer of extreme precipitation events in this region. A growing body of evidence suggests similar impacts for the Central and Eastern US This study determines the most prominent types of ARs in the Central and Eastern US study domain through the implementation of a machine learning methodology. Self‐organizing maps (SOMs) are leveraged to determine what “flavors” of ARs exist in the study domain. Four atmospheric river detection criteria are utilized to investigate the variability AR types. Mann‐Kendall trend analyses on AR strength and size are produced to evaluate changes over the study period. The results confirm extratropical cyclones as the most common driver of ARs, however, limited kinematic forcing can also instigate the development of AR events. Results show coastal cyclones and lee‐side cyclones are responsible for producing the strongest ARs. The trend analysis results suggest that ARs associated with Nor'easters and ARs originating in the Gulf of Mexico are exhibiting increasing trends in intensity and/or size. Increasing moisture transport by mature cyclones across the Central and Eastern US have important implications for flooding in highly populated corridors. Areas of concern include the Northeast and Southeast US, while localized enhancement of rainfall is seen along the eastern and southern slopes of the Appalachian Mountains. In addition to the physical findings, this research highlights the importance and sensitivity of statistically significant results to the specific atmospheric river detection criteria that was leveraged.
2022 AGU Section Awardees and Named Lecturers
Authors: Lozier Susan , Myles LaToya
Published: September 2022

Congratulations to AGU’s 2022 section award recipients and named lecturers!
Nutrient and Silicon Isotope Dynamics in the Laptev Sea and Implications for Nutrient Availability in the Transpolar Drift
Authors: Laukert G. , Grasse P. , Novikhin A. , Povazhnyi V. , Doering K. , Hölemann J. , Janout M. , Bauch D. , Kassens H. , Frank M.
Published: September 2022

Realistic prediction of the near‐future response of Arctic Ocean primary productivity to ongoing warming and sea ice loss requires a mechanistic understanding of the processes controlling nutrient bioavailability. To evaluate continental nutrient inputs, biological utilization, and the influence of mixing and winter processes in the Laptev Sea, the major source region of the Transpolar Drift (TPD), we compare observed with preformed concentrations of dissolved inorganic nitrogen (DIN) and phosphorus (DIP), silicic acid (DSi), and silicon isotope compositions of DSi (δ30SiDSi) obtained for two summers (2013 and 2014) and one winter (2012). In summer, preformed nutrient concentrations persisted in the surface layer of the southeastern Laptev Sea, while diatom‐dominated utilization caused intense northward drawdown and a pronounced shift in δ30SiDSi from +0.91 to +3.82‰. The modeled Si isotope fractionation suggests that DSi in the northern Laptev Sea originated from the Lena River and was supplied during the spring freshet, while riverine DSi in the southeastern Laptev Sea was continuously supplied during the summer. Primary productivity fueled by river‐borne nutrients was enhanced by admixture of DIN‐ and DIP‐rich Atlantic‐sourced waters to the surface, either by convective mixing during the previous winter or by occasional storm‐induced stratification breakdowns in late summer. Substantial enrichments of DSi (+240%) and DIP (+90%) beneath the Lena River plume were caused by sea ice‐driven redistribution and remineralization. Predicted weaker stratification on the outer Laptev Shelf will enhance DSi utilization and removal through greater vertical DIN supply, which will limit DSi export and reduce diatom‐dominated primary productivity in the TPD.
Characterization and Geological Implications of Precambrian Calcite‐Hosted Phosphate
Authors: Richardson Jocelyn A. , Roest‐Ellis Sascha , Phillips Brian L. , Strauss Justin V. , Webb Samuel M. , Tosca Nicholas J.
Published: September 2022

Constraints on marine phosphate availability and cycling directly inform our understanding of long‐term biological evolution. However, early Earth phosphate records are sparse, biased toward siliciclastic samples, and susceptible to post‐depositional modification. Well‐preserved shallow marine inorganic carbonate precipitates provide a complementary yet understudied record of phosphate cycling. We combined micro‐X‐ray fluorescence mapping, X‐ray absorption, and Nuclear Magnetic Resonance spectroscopy on samples of Precambrian syndepositional herringbone calcite (HBC) and microspar to characterize phosphorus speciation and distribution in these carbonate fabrics. Phosphorus spectroscopy from synthetic calcite, HBC, and microspar, is qualitatively consistent with a disordered distribution of phosphate. These characteristics are diagnostic of calcite‐hosted phosphate, which is pervasive at low concentrations in HBC and microspar. This study provides evidence that ancient, well‐preserved carbonate fabrics retain phosphate sourced from seawater and highlights the potential for an unaltered archive of marine phosphate concentration over geologic time.
Pregnancy and childbirth outcomes in women with myeloproliferative neoplasms—a nationwide population-based study of 342 pregnancies in Sweden
Authors: Landtblom Anna Ravn , Andersson Therese M.-L. , Johansson Anna L. V. , Wendel Sophia Brismar , Lundberg Frida E. , Samuelsson Jan , Björkholm Magnus , Hultcrantz Malin
Published: September 2022

Pregnancy and childbirth in women with myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPN) are reported to be associated with maternal thrombosis, hemorrhage, and placental dysfunction. To assess the risks of adverse events in pregnancy in women with MPN, we performed a large population-based study using Swedish health care registers, and included all pregnancies that had reached gestational week 22 (prior to 2008, week 28) during the years 1973–2017 in women with MPN. Control pregnancies were matched 1:1 for age, calendar year, and parity. We identified 342 pregnancies in 229 women with MPN. Preterm birth was significantly increased in pregnancies in MPN, 14% compared to 4% of pregnancies in controls (p < 0.001). Correspondingly, low birth weight (<2500 g) was also significantly increased in MPN pregnancies (p = 0.042). Stillbirth was rare, with two events (0.6%) in MPN, none in controls. Maternal thrombotic complications occurred in three (1%) of the pregnancies in MPN patients, compared to none in controls. Pregnancy-related bleeding affected 14% of pregnancies in MPN and 9% in controls (p < 0.110). Cesarean section was significantly more common in pregnancies in MPN. Incidence was 12.2 per 100.000 pregnancies. In summary, preterm birth was an important complication in MPN pregnancies, while maternal complications were less common than previously reported.
Early molecular markers of ventilator-associated pneumonia in bronchoalveolar lavage in preterm infants
Authors: Pinilla-Gonzalez Alejandro , Lara-Cantón Inmaculada , Torrejón-Rodríguez Laura , Parra-Llorca Anna , Aguar Marta , Kuligowski Julia , Piñeiro-Ramos José David , Sánchez-Illana Ángel , Navarro Ana Gimeno , Vento Máximo , Cernada María
Published: September 2022

Introduction

Ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) constitutes a serious nosocomial infection. Our aim was to evaluate the reliability of cytokines and oxidative stress/inflammation biomarkers in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) and tracheal aspirates (TA) as early biomarkers of VAP in preterm infants.

Methods

Two cohorts were enrolled, one to select candidates and the other for validation. In both, we included preterms with suspected VAP, according to BALF culture, they were classified into confirmed VAP and no VAP. Concentration of 16 cytokines and 8 oxidative stress/inflammation biomarkers in BALF and TA was determined in all patients.

Results

In the first batch, IL-17A and TNF-α in BALF, and in the second one IL-10, IL-6, and TNF-α in BALF were significantly higher in VAP patients. BALF TNF-α AUC in both cohorts was 0.86 (sensitivity 0.83, specificity 0.88). No cytokine was shown to be predictive of VAP in TA. A statistically significant increase in the VAP group was found for glutathione sulfonamide (GSA) in BALF and TA.

Conclusions

TNF-α in BALF and GSA in BALF and TA were associated with VAP in preterm newborns; thus, they could be used as early biomarkers of VAP. Further studies with an increased number of patients are needed to confirm these results.

Impact

We found that TNF-α BALF and GSA in both BALF and TA are capable of discriminating preterm infants with VAP from those with pulmonary pathology without infection.

This is the first study in preterm infants aiming to evaluate the reliability of cytokines and oxidative stress/inflammation biomarkers in BALF and TA as early diagnostic markers of VAP. We have validated these results in two independent cohorts of patients. Previously studies have focused on full-term neonates and toddlers and determined biomarkers mostly in TA, but none was exclusively conducted in preterm infants.
Regulator of calcineurin 1 deletion attenuates mitochondrial dysfunction and apoptosis in acute kidney injury through JNK/Mff signaling pathway
Authors: Xiao Jing-Jie , Liu Qing , Li Ying , Peng Fang-Fang , Wang Shan , Zhang Zhihan , Liu Hui , Yu Hong , Tao Shengxiang , Zhang Bai-Fang
Published: September 2022

Ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) induced acute kidney injury (AKI), characterized by excessive mitochondrial damage and cell apoptosis, remains a clinical challenge. Recent studies suggest that regulator of calcineurin 1 (RCAN1) regulates mitochondrial function in different cell types, but the underlying mechanisms require further investigation. Herein, we aim to explore whether RCAN1 involves in mitochondrial dysfunction in AKI and the exact mechanism. In present study, AKI was induced by I/R and cisplatin in RCAN1flox/floxmice and mice with renal tubular epithelial cells (TECs)-specific deletion of RCAN1. The role of RCAN1 in hypoxia-reoxygenation (HR) and cisplatin-induced injury in human renal proximal tubule epithelial cell line HK-2 was also examined by overexpression and knockdown of RCAN1. Mitochondrial function was assessed by transmission electron microscopy, JC-1 staining, MitoSOX staining, ATP production, mitochondrial fission and mitophagy. Apoptosis was detected by TUNEL assay, Annexin V-FITC staining and Western blotting analysis of apoptosis-related proteins. It was found that protein expression of RCAN1 was markedly upregulated in I/R- or cisplatin-induced AKI mouse models, as well as in HR models in HK-2 cells. RCAN1 deficiency significantly reduced kidney damage, mitochondrial dysfunction, and cell apoptosis, whereas RCAN1 overexpression led to the opposite phenotypes. Our in-depth mechanistic exploration demonstrated that RCAN1 increases the phosphorylation of mitochondrial fission factor (Mff) by binding to downstream c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), then promotes dynamin related protein 1 (Drp1) migration to mitochondria, ultimately leads to excessive mitochondrial fission of renal TECs. In conclusion, our study suggests that RCAN1 could induce mitochondrial dysfunction and apoptosis by activating the downstream JNK/Mff signaling pathway. RCAN1 may be a potential therapeutic target for conferring protection against I/R- or cisplatin-AKI.
Combination of T cell-redirecting bispecific antibody ERY974 and chemotherapy reciprocally enhances efficacy against non-inflamed tumours
Authors: Sano Yuji , Azuma Yumiko , Tsunenari Toshiaki , Kayukawa Yoko , Shinozuka Junko , Fujii Etsuko , Amano Jun , Nishito Yukari , Maruyama Toru , Kinoshita Yasuko , Sakamoto Yuichiro , Yoshida Ayae , Miyazaki Yoko , Sato Yuta , Teramoto-Seida Chifumi , Ishiguro Takahiro , Tanaka Takayoshi , Kitazawa Takehisa , Endo Mika
Published: September 2022

Identifying a strategy with strong efficacy against non-inflamed tumours is vital in cancer immune therapy. ERY974 is a humanized IgG4 bispecific T cell-redirecting antibody that recognizes glypican-3 and CD3. Here we examine the combination effect of ERY974 and chemotherapy (paclitaxel, cisplatin, and capecitabine) in the treatment of non-inflamed tumours in a xenograft model. ERY974 monotherapy shows a minor antitumour effect on non-inflamed NCI-H446 xenografted tumours, as infiltration of ERY974-redirected T cells is limited to the tumour-stromal boundary. However, combination therapy improves efficacy by promoting T cell infiltration into the tumour centre, and increasing ERY974 distribution in the tumour. ERY974 increases capecitabine-induced cytotoxicity by promoting capecitabine conversion to its active form by inducing thymidine phosphorylase expression in non-inflamed MKN45 tumour through ERY974-induced IFNγ and TNFα in T cells. We show that ERY974 with chemotherapy synergistically and reciprocally increases antitumour efficacy, eradicating non-inflamed tumours.
Circuit analysis reveals a neural pathway for light avoidance in Drosophila larvae
Authors: Sorkaç Altar , Savva Yiannis A. , Savaş Doruk , Talay Mustafa , Barnea Gilad
Published: September 2022

Understanding how neural circuits underlie behaviour is challenging even in the connectome era because it requires a combination of anatomical and functional analyses. This is exemplified in the circuit underlying the light avoidance behaviour displayed by Drosophila melanogaster larvae. While this behaviour is robust and the nervous system relatively simple, the circuit is only partially delineated with some contradictions among studies. Here, we devise trans-Tango MkII, an offshoot of the transsynaptic circuit tracing tool trans-Tango, and implement it in anatomical tracing together with functional analysis. We use neuronal inhibition to test necessity of particular neuronal types in light avoidance and selective neuronal activation to examine sufficiency in rescuing light avoidance deficiencies exhibited by photoreceptor mutants. Our studies reveal a four-order circuit for light avoidance connecting the light-detecting photoreceptors with a pair of neuroendocrine cells via two types of clock neurons. This approach can be readily expanded to studying other circuits.
A proteomic and RNA-seq transcriptomic dataset of capsaicin-aggravated mouse chronic colitis model
Authors: Chen Kexin , Shen Silan , Chen Yiding , Jiang Mingshan , Hu Kehan , Zou Yuheng , Li Lili , Zeng Zhen , Ma Chunxiang , Dang Yuan , Zhang Hu
Published: September 2022

An inappropriate diet is a risk factor for inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). It is established that the consumption of spicy food containing capsaicin is strongly associated with the recurrence and worsening of IBD symptoms. Moreover, capsaicin can induce neutrophil accumulation in the lamina propria, contributing to disease deterioration. To uncover the potential signaling pathway involved in capsaicin-induced relapse and the effects of capsaicin on neutrophil activation, we performed proteomic analyses of intestinal tissues from chronic colitis mice following capsaicin administration and transcriptomic analyses of dHL-60 cells after capsaicin stimulation. Collectively, these multiomic analyses identified proteins and genes that may be involved in disease flares, thereby providing new insights for future research.
Non-relativistic molecular modified shifted Morse potential system
Authors: Onate C. A. , Okon I. B. , Vincent U. E. , Eyube E. S. , Onyeaju M. C. , Omugbe E. , Egharevba G. O.
Published: September 2022

A shifted Morse potential model is modified to fit the study of the vibrational energies of some molecules. Using a traditional technique/methodology, the vibrational energy and the un-normalized radial wave functions were calculated for the modified shifted Morse potential model. The condition that fits the modified potential for molecular description were deduced together with the expression for the screening parameter. The vibrational energies of SiC, NbO, CP, PH, SiF, NH and Cs2 molecules were computed by inserting their respective spectroscopic constants into the calculated energy equation. It was shown that the calculated results for all the molecules agreement perfectly with the experimental RKR values. The present potential performs better than Improved Morse and Morse potentials for cesium dimer. Finally, the real Morse potential model was obtained as a special case of the modified shifted potential.
Thickness-dependent spin bistable transitions in single-crystalline molecular 2D material
Authors: Koptur-Palenchar John , Gakiya-Teruya Miguel , Le Duy , Jiang Jun , Zhang Rui , Jiang Xuanyuan , Cheng Hai-Ping , Rahman Talat S. , Shatruk Michael , Zhang Xiao-Xiao
Published: September 2022

The advent of two-dimensional (2D) crystals has led to numerous scientific breakthroughs. Conventional 2D systems have in-plane covalent bonds and a weak out-of-plane van-der-Waals bond. Here we report a new type of 2D material composed of discrete magnetic molecules, where anisotropic van-der-Waals interactions bond the molecules into a 2D packing. Through mechanical exfoliation, we can obtain single-crystalline molecular monolayers, which can be readily integrated into other 2D systems. Optical spectroscopy suggests the few-layered molecules preserve the temperature-induced spin-crossover switching observed in the bulk form but show a drastic increase in thermal hysteresis unique to these thin 2D molecule assemblies. The trapping of spin bistability with decreasing layer number can arise from domain wall dynamics in reduced dimensions. Our results establish molecular solids with strong anisotropy of intermolecular interactions as precursors to a new class of 2D materials, affording possibilities to control molecular functionalities through substrate and interlayer interactions.
The antimicrobial peptide LI14 combats multidrug-resistant bacterial infections
Authors: Shi Jingru , Chen Chen , Wang Dejuan , Wang Zhiqiang , Liu Yuan
Published: September 2022

The prevalence of multidrug-resistant (MDR) pathogens raises public fears of untreatable infections and represents a huge health risk. There is an urgent need to exploit novel antimicrobial agents. Due to the unique mechanisms, antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) with a low probability to achieve resistance are regarded as potential antibiotic alternatives to address this issue. Herein, we develop a panel of synthetic peptide compounds with novel structures based on the database filters technology (DFT), and the lead peptide LI14 shows potent antibacterial activity against all tested drug-resistant bacteria. LI14 exhibits rapid bactericidal activity and excellent anti-biofilm and -persisters activity, simultaneously showing a low propensity to induce resistance. Moreover, LI14 shows tolerance against pH, temperatures, and pepsin treatment, and no detectable toxicity both in vitro and in vivo. Mechanistic studies revealed that LI14 induces membrane damage by targeting bacterial-specific membrane components and dissipates the proton motive force (PMF), thereby resulting in metabolic perturbations and the accumulation of toxic metabolic products. Furthermore, LI14 sensitizes clinically relevant antibiotics against MDR bacteria. In animal models of infection, LI14 or combined with antibiotics are effective against drug-resistant pathogens. These findings suggest that LI14 is a promising antibiotic candidate to tackle MDR bacterial infections.
A pencil graphite-based disposable device for electrochemical monitoring of sulfanilamide in honey and water samples
Authors: Lisboa Thalles Pedrosa , de Cássia Moreira Bianca , Cunha de Souza Cassiano , Veríssimo de Oliveira Wallace Burger , Costa Matos Maria Auxiliadora , Matos Renato Camargo
Published: September 2022

The present paper reports a simple, fast, and inexpensive process of manufacturing a disposable pencil graphite electrode (PGE) for the electrochemical determination of sulfanilamide in water and honey samples.
The covalent reactivity of functionalized 5-hydroxy-butyrolactams is the basis for targeting of fatty acid binding protein 5 (FABP5) by the neurotrophic agent MT-21
Authors: Svenningsen Esben B. , Ottosen Rasmus N. , Jørgensen Katrine H. , Nisavic Marija , Larsen Camilla K. , Hansen Bente K. , Wang Yong , Lindorff-Larsen Kresten , Tørring Thomas , Hacker Stephan M. , Palmfeldt Johan , Poulsen Thomas B.
Published: September 2022

In this work, it is shown that an N-acyl hemiaminal motif present in many natural products can function as an electrophilic centre, mediating covalent reactivity in biological systems, reacting with both thiols and amines.
Dual role of oxygen-related defects in the luminescence kinetics of AlN:Mn2+
Authors: Lazarowska Agata , Kamiński Mikołaj , Cherepy Nerine J. , Mahlik Sebastian , Liu Ru-Shi
Published: September 2022

This study presents the impact of temperature and pressure on AlN:Mn2+luminescence kinetics.
Effect of the harvest period on the structure and anti-allergic activity of Porphyra haitanensis polysaccharides
Authors: Wang Chong , Ye Ziqiang , Wang Yanbo , Fu Linglin
Published: September 2022

With the delayed harvest period, the molecular weight and sulfate content of Porphyra haitanensis polysaccharides decreased and their anti-allergic activity increased.
Reusable radiochromic hackmanite with gamma exposure memory
Authors: Vuori Sami , Colinet Pauline , Lehtiö Juha-Pekka , Lemiere Arnaud , Norrbo Isabella , Granström Micael , Konu Jari , Ågren Göran , Laukkanen Pekka , Petit Laeticia , Airaksinen Anu J. , van Goethem Ludo , Le Bahers Tangui , Lastusaari Mika
Published: September 2022

Hackmanites are reusable and non-toxic materials for radiochromic films. They show a unique “gamma memory” function where the width of the reflectance spectrum changes permanently, but the ability to change color reversibly remains fully functional.
On-demand, remote and lossless manipulation of biofluid droplets
Authors: Wang Wei , Sun Jiefeng , Vallabhuneni Sravanthi , Pawlowski Benjamin , Vahabi Hamed , Nellenbach Kimberly , Brown Ashley C. , Scholle Frank , Zhao Jianguo , Kota Arun K.
Published: September 2022

To minimize exposure of healthcare workers and clinical laboratory personnel to infectious liquids, we designed biofluid manipulators for on-demand handling of liquid droplets, in-plane or out-of-plane, in a remote and lossless manner.
MnO2doped graphene nanosheets for carotid body tumor combination therapy
Authors: Lu Huaxiang , Li Weimin , Qiu Peng , Zhang Xing , Qin Jinbao , Cai Yuting , Lu Xinwu
Published: September 2022

We designed new nanoparticle rGO@MnO2/MB/Dox, and applied to a CBT animal model, it has been proved to be a safe and effective photothermal materialin vitroandin vivo.
Correlation of cell mechanics with the resistance to malignant transformation in naked mole rat fibroblasts
Authors: Makarova Nadezda , Kalaparthi Vivekanand , Seluanov Andrei , Gorbunova Vera , Dokukin Maxim E. , Sokolov Igor
Published: September 2022

Cell mechanical parameters measured with AFM correlate well with malignant transformations of cells as well as the resistance of cells to these transformations. Thus, AFM indentation can be used for studying such transformations.
Emerging graphene derivatives as active 2D coordination platforms for single-atom catalysts
Authors: Hrubý Vítězslav , Zaoralová Dagmar , Medveď Miroslav , Bakandritsos Aristeidis , Zbořil Radek , Otyepka Michal
Published: September 2022

Single-atom catalysts (SACs) based on graphene derivatives are an emerging and growing class of materials functioning as two-dimensional (2D) metal-coordination scaffolds with intriguing properties.
Redox-switchable host–guest complexes of metallocenes and [8]cycloparaphenylene
Authors: Kwon Hyejin , Newell Brian S. , Bruns Carson J.
Published: September 2022

Stabilized by multivalent CH–π and π–π interactions, metallocenes such as ferrocene and cobaltocenium can bind the cavity of [8]cycloparaphenylene to give highly conjugated, redox-switchable host–guest nanocarbons.
Gate-controlled electron quantum interference logic
Authors: Weinbub Josef , Ballicchia Mauro , Nedjalkov Mihail
Published: September 2022

We pursue the idea of gate-controlled interference phenomena of electron waves and show potential use cases for logic applications.
[C(NH2)3]BiCl2SO4: an excellent birefringent material obtained by multifunctional group synergy
Authors: Dong Xuehua , Zhang Zhizhuan , Huang Ling , Zou Guohong
Published: September 2022

A multifunctional group synergistic strategy was proposed to successfully develop an excellent organic–inorganic hybrid guanidine sulfate birefringent material [C(NH2)3]BiCl2SO4.
Mg(OtBu)2-catalyzed C–H oxidation of α-azido arylethanones using TBHP as the oxidant and carbonyl oxygen source: facile access to primary α-ketoamides
Authors: Peng Ying-Ying , Zhuo Bi-Yin , Wang Zhi-Qiang , Liu Bang , Zhang Fu-Xing , Yu Jiang-Xi , Wang Cheng-Yong , Xu Zhi-Feng , Li Jin-Heng
Published: September 2022

A Mg(OtBu)2-catalyzed C(sp3)–H oxidation of α-azido arylethanones to straightforwardly produce primary α-ketoamides is presented.
Retraction: SNHG5 promotes proliferation and induces apoptosis in melanoma by sponging miR-155
Authors: Yan Lu , Wang Suihai , Li Yue , Tognetti Linda , Tan Rui , Zeng Kang , Pianigiani Elisa , Mi Xiangbin , Li Hui , Fimiani Michele , Rubegni Pietro
Published: September 2022

Retraction of ‘SNHG5 promotes proliferation and induces apoptosis in melanoma by sponging miR-155’ by Lu Yan et al., RSC Adv., 2018, 8, 6160–6168, https://doi.org/10.1039/C7RA12520H.
Investigation of students’ cognitive structures concerning the topic of physical and chemical changes: a cross-level study
Authors: Nakiboğlu Canan
Published: September 2022

The topic of physical and chemical changes is one of the basic and essential issues of both the lower-secondary school science curriculum and the upper-secondary school chemistry curriculum in many countries. The focus of the present study is to investigate the students' cognitive structures on the topic of physical and chemical changes at different grade levels and to compare how the aspects of students' cognitive structures differ at 8th, 9th, and 10th-grade levels. The data were collected from a total of 388 students (126 8th-graders, 129 9th-graders, and 133 10th-graders) through using a word association test (WAT) which contains eight stimulus words. Both the relatedness coefficient (RC) method and the response frequency mapping method were used in the analysis of the data and mapping of the group cognitive structures of the students. The variables related to the concepts or ideas contained, the connections between the concepts, and the information processing skills, which are the three main aspects in defining the cognitive structures, are compared according to the grade level. It has been concluded that the cognitive structure of the 9th-grade students is the most comprehensive, and integrated, and has a higher information retrieval rate. On the other hand, when the data obtained from both the RC values and the response frequency mappings were examined, it was found that there were also several similarities in the cognitive structures of the three grade levels. For instance, the relationship level of the stimulus word 'energy' with other stimulus words is very weak at all grade levels.
Mechanochemical ring-opening metathesis polymerization: development, scope, and mechano-exclusive polymer synthesis
Authors: Lee Gue Seon , Lee Hyo Won , Lee Hyun Sub , Do Taeyang , Do Jean-Louis , Lim Jeewoo , Peterson Gregory I. , Friščić Tomislav , Kim Jeung Gon
Published: September 2022

Mechanochemical ball-milling ring-opening metathesis polymerization minimized solvent use and produced previously inaccessible polymers in solution.
Information-theoretical measures identify accurate low-resolution representations of protein configurational space
Authors: Mele Margherita , Covino Roberto , Potestio Raffaello
Published: September 2022

Different clustering strategies can produce qualitatively different low-resolution representations of a protein’s conformational space. The resolution-relevance framework pinpoints those that better preserve important, biologically relevant features.
Tubulation and dispersion of oil by bacterial growth on droplets
Authors: Hickl Vincent , Juarez Gabriel
Published: September 2022

Growth of non-motile bacteria confined to the surface of an oil droplet causes tubulation and dispersion of oil.
A mesh-like BiOBr/Bi2S3 nanoarray heterojunction with hierarchical pores and oxygen vacancies for broadband CO2 photoreduction
Authors: Xi Yamin , Mo Weihao , Fan Zhixin , Hu Lingxuan , Chen Wenbin , Zhang Yan , Wang Peng , Zhong Shuxian , Zhao Yuling , Bai Song
Published: September 2022

Distinctive hierarchitectures composed of mesh-like Bi2S3 nanoarrays on oxygen-vacancy-rich BiOBr nanoplates were developed for exceptional photocatalytic activity and selectivity in CO2-to-CO conversion.
A fluorinated SEI layer induced by a fire-retardant gel polymer electrolyte boosting lateral dendrite growth
Authors: Wen Ziyue , Zhao Zhikun , Zhang Ting , Wang Yuanshen , Zhang Jinxiang , Sun Zhaoyang , Li Li , Li Yuejiao , Wu Feng , Chen Renjie
Published: September 2022

A flame-retardant electrolyte fabricated by the in situ polymerization method facilitates lateral Li dendrite growth induced by a LiF-rich SEI layer.
Highly efficient discrimination of cancer cells based on in situ-activated phosphorescence energy transfer for targeted cell imaging
Authors: Liu Yao-Hua , Liu Yu
Published: September 2022

A supramolecular assembly with phosphorescence energy transfer activated in situ efficiently discriminated cancer cells for targeted cell imaging.
Thermal decomposition of ammonium nitrate (AN) in the presence of the optimized nano-ternary transition metal ferrite CoNiZnFe2O4
Authors: Dave Pragnesh N. , Sirach Ruksana
Published: September 2022

CoNiZnFe2O4 contains four transition metals known to act as a carrier during the thermal decomposition of solid propellant oxidizers. The studies disclosed that the addition of the catalyst makes the thermal decomposition process of AP faster.
The Einasto model for dark matter haloes
Authors: Baes Maarten
Published: September 2022

Context. The Einasto model has become one of the most popular models for describing the density profile of dark matter haloes. There have been relatively few comprehensive studies on the dynamical structure of the Einasto model, mainly because only a limited number of properties can be calculated analytically.

Aims. We want to systematically investigate the photometric and dynamical structure of the family of Einasto models over the entire model parameter space.

Methods. We used the SpheCow code to explore the properties of the Einasto model. We systematically investigated how the most important properties change as a function of the Einasto index n. We considered both isotropic models and radially anisotropic models with an Osipkov-Merritt orbital structure.

Results. We find that all Einasto models with n < 1/2 have a formal isotropic or Osipkov-Merritt distribution function that is negative in parts of phase space, and hence cannot be supported by such orbital structures. On the other hand, all models with larger values of n can be supported by an isotropic orbital structure, or by an Osipkov-Merritt anisotropy, as long as the anisotropy radius is larger than a critical value. This critical anisotropy radius is a decreasing function of n, indicating that less centrally concentrated models allow for a larger degree of radial anisotropy.

Conclusions. Studies of the structure and dynamics of models for galaxies and dark matter haloes should not be restricted to completely analytical models. Numerical codes such as SpheCow can help open up the range of models that are systematically investigated. This applies to the Einasto model discussed here, but also to other proposed models for dark matter haloes, including different extensions to the Einasto model.
Isotopic ratios and fractionation in the local Universe
Authors: Viti Serena
Published: September 2022

The knowledge of isotopic abundances is important in galaxy evolution studies because isotopes provide diagnostics for the chemical enrichment in galaxies over time. While measurements of isotopes in large sample of stars would be ideal to determine the fossil record of the enrichment history, in practice this is hampered by the need of very high resolution, high signal-to-noise spectroscopic data. A complementary, or alternative, method is to measure isotopic ratios from observations of gas-phase interstellar medium (ISM) isotopic abundances. In this proceedings I shall review the observations of the most abundant fractionated species in nearby galaxies and recent modeling efforts aimed at investigating the physical and chemical conditions that can lead to a large spread of isotopic ratios in external local galaxies.
A 30m Large Program: The CO Line Atlas of the Whirlpool Galaxy Survey (CLAWS)
Authors: den Brok Jakob , Bigiel Frank ,   CLAWS collaboration
Published: September 2022

Robust knowledge of the distribution, amount, and physical/chemical state of the cold molecular (H2) gas is key to understanding galaxy evolution. With the help of multi-CO line observations, it is possible to study the molecular gas distribution and disentangle numerous physical and chemical processes that shape and govern the molecular interstellar medium (ISM). For the first time, we obtain full-galaxy mapping data of faint CO isotopologues (13CO, C18O, C17O) at 1mm and 3mm wavelengths across the disk of the nearby spiral galaxy M51. With the help of these CO isotopologues, it is possible to constrain the bulk physical and chemical conditions in the molecular gas. We study potential explanations for why CO isotopologue emission varies. Likely drivers include CO abundance variations due to selective nucleosynthesis and changes in the optical depth. Our analysis concludes that a combination of variation in opacity and relative abundances is the dominant driver for the observed CO isotopologue ratio trends on large (kpc) scales. In contrast, abundance variation due to selective photodissociation and chemical fractionation seem to only play a minor or negligible role on galaxy-wide scales.
Multi-scale dynamics in star-forming regions: The interplay between gravity and turbulence
Authors: Traficante Alessio , Fuller Gary A. , Duarte-Cabral Ana , Elia Davide , Heyer Mark H. , Molinari Sergio , Peretto Nicolas , Schisano Eugenio
Published: September 2022

In the multi-scale view of the star formation process the material flows from large molecular clouds down to clumps and cores. In this paradigm it is still unclear if it is gravity or turbulence that drives the observed supersonic non-thermal motions during the collapse, in particular in high-mass regions, and at which scales gravity becomes eventually dominant over the turbulence of the interstellar medium. To investigate this problem we have combined the dynamics of a sample of 70 μm-quiet clumps, selected to cover a wide range of masses and surface densities, with the dynamics of the parent filaments in which they are embedded. We observe a continuous interplay between turbulence and gravity, where the former creates structures at all scales and the latter takes the lead when a critical value of the surface density is reached, Σth = 0.1 g cm−2. In the densest filaments this transition can occur at the parsec, or even larger scales, leading to a global collapse of the whole region and most likely to the formation of the massive objects.
Molecular richness in protostars: Lessons learnt from spectral observations
Authors: López-Sepulcre Ana , Bouvier Mathilde
Published: September 2022

The gas associated with the early stages of star formation contains traces of a large variety of molecular species, many of which are organic in nature. Interestingly, we observe a substantial chemical diversity among protostars, with some objects being enriched in what astrochemists label interstellar complex organic molecules (iCOMs), such as methyl formate (HCOOCH3), while others are overabundant in unsaturated carbon chains such as C4H. What is the cause of this diversity? And where should we place the proto-solar-system in this chemical context: was it rich in iCOMs, or in carbon chains, or in both? Thanks to the development of sensitive broadband (sub-)millimetre instrumentation, both in single-dish telescopes and interferometers, we are currently witnessing big steps forward in this area. The present contribution summarises what we have learnt, in the past decade or so, about the molecular contents in solar-mass protostellar sources, and suggests a few guidelines to stimulate progress in the field.
Chemical Richness of protoplanetary Disks and related physical Properties
Authors: Dutrey Anne
Published: September 2022

There are now several observational proofs that protoplanetary disks orbiting around TTauri stars are planet forming sites. Studying planet formations in disks requests both high sensitivity and high angular resolution (at Taurus distance, 0.1” means 15 au or 3 times the distance of Jupiter to the Sun). Moreover, H2, the main gas component remains difficult to observe, its mid-IR transitions only trace warm gas near the disk surface. Our knowledge on gas disk relies on trace molecules (CO, CN, CS, HCN, HCO+…) observed by powerful large interferometers such as NOEMA and ALMA. I present here some recent results from ALMA and NOEMA showing that we start to quantitatively unveil the physical and chemical properties of planet forming disks.
Water Silhouettes against the Cosmic Microwave Background from the Most Distant Starburst Galaxies
Authors: Riechers Dominik A. , Weiss Axel , Walter Fabian , Carilli Christopher L. , Cox Pierre , Decarli Roberto , Neri Roberto
Published: September 2022

Astrophysical objects can imprint distortions on the observed Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB) that give access to information for cosmology research that cannot be obtained otherwise. ΛCDM cosmology implies a linear scaling of the CMB temperature (TCMB) with redshift z, but departures of this linear scaling behavior are allowed in more complex, but currently poorly observationally constrained cosmological models, such as those that include an evolution of physical constants, decaying dark energy, or axion-photon-like coupling processes. We here introduce a new method to directly measure TCMB out to z > 6 based on H2O absorption against the CMB, and describe our findings based on an initial detection towards the massive dusty starburst galaxy HFLS3 at z=6.34. This far exceeds the redshift range where direct TCMB measurements across cosmic time have been previously possible, providing a crucial test of standard cosmology.
Experimental investigation of defect formation, microstructure and mechanical properties in friction stir welding of AA5086
Authors: Rinu Gollo , Singh Sandeep , Nirsanametla Yadaiah , Dipati Anil Kumar , Prakash Chander , Kotecha Ketan
Published: September 2022

The joint conditions of a weldment entirely rely on the set of process parameters applied during the welding operation. In friction stir welding (FSW), proper mechanical mixing of the material signifies the appropriate welding variables. The present work aspires to investigate the influence of tool rotational speed (RS), welding speed (WS) and plunge depth (PD) on external as well as internal defect formation, identify the different types of defect encountered during the FSW process, and evaluate the influence of different parameters on tensile properties and microstructure of the joints. In order to achieve the goal of the present work, a detailed experimental investigation was carried out using AA5086-O as base metal. On account of high strength-to-weight ratio, good weldability and high corrosion resistance, friction stir welded joints of aluminum alloys are widely applications in aerospace, automotive, railway and shipbuilding industry. It has been observed that theultimate tensile strength (UTS) of joint tends to decrease when there is increased in the welding speed at constant PD of 0.2 mm and RS of 1400 rpm. Similarly, with consistent PD of 0.3 mm and rotational speed of 2000 rpm, UTS of joints initially enhanced with an increment in welding speed and then reduced eventually. A joint fabricated with maximum rotation speed, intermediate welding speed and the higher plunge depth produced highest tensile strength of 215 MPa which is 16% higher than the conditions required for aerospace applications of FSW for aluminum alloys, as per the standard of American Welding Society (AWS). Microscopic analysis was conducted to scientifically ascertain the grain size, crystal structure and surface morphology of the FSW joints.
Predictive modeling of the hot metal silicon content in blast furnace based on ensemble method
Authors: Jiang Dewen , Zhou Xinfu , Wang Zhenyang , Li Kejiang , Zhang Jianliang
Published: September 2022

The silicon content of the hot metal is not only an important indicator of the quality of the hot metal and blast furnace (BF) operation but also reflects the level of energy utilization and the thermal state within a BF. It is important to develop an accurate prediction model for hot metal silicon content. In present study, two models for predicting hot metal silicon content are developed based on two ensemble learning methods, random forest regression (RFR) and extreme gradient boosting (XGBoost). First, Box plot was used to visualize the collected data and determine extreme outliers in the raw data. Extreme outliers are replaced with null value, and all null value are filled by linear interpolation. Secondly, feature selection is performed using recursive feature elimination. Cross-validation is performed to optimize machine learning hyperparameters and having a robust accuracy measure. Based on this, two hot metal silicon content prediction models are developed. Finally, the prediction results of the two models are compared and evaluated. The results show that both ensemble learning models show good prediction performance in predicting hot metal silicon content, but the prediction performance of the RFR model is better than that of the XGBoost model and reaching 98.77%.
Surgical treatments for acute unstable acromioclavicular joint dislocations
Authors: Saraglis Georgios , Prinja Aditya , To Kendrick , Khan Wasim , Singh Jagwant
Published: September 2022

Introduction: Surgical treatment is usually recommended for acute, high-grade acromioclavicular joint (ACJ) injuries. A wide variety of surgical techniques exist, and the literature does not strongly support one over the other. In this literature review, we describe and compare the results of different surgical treatments for the management of acute unstable ACJ dislocation and aim to guide surgeons on optimal treatment. Materials and methods: A literature review was performed by searching PubMed, Medline, Cochrane, and Embase databases. Seventeen studies met the inclusion criteria and were analyzed. Only studies with comparative data were included. The clinical and radiological outcomes of these studies were reviewed. Results: Seventeen studies were included in this literature review. We found no difference in outcomes between open and arthroscopic procedures. Coracoclavicular ligament (CCL) reconstruction techniques provide better results than the more rigid hook plate fixation. There is no evidence that biologic repair with tendon graft is superior to synthetic grafts. Furthermore, an autograft is not shown to be better than an allograft. Rigid fixation between the clavicle and coracoid and the non-anatomic Weaver-Dunn technique appears less popular in recent literature. The hook plate is associated with subacromial osteolysis, acromial erosion, and the morbidity of a secondary procedure. Discussion: There is a recent increase in publications on the reconstruction of the ACJ after injury, with new techniques focusing on the anatomic reconstruction of the CCLs aiming to restore both vertical and horizontal plane stability of the ACJ using synthetic/biological grafts. Despite the plethora of new techniques introduced, meaningful comparisons are difficult to draw due to the heterogeneity of the treatments used and the outcome measure used to assess the results.
Comparison of Definitions for Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia: A Cohort
Study
Authors: Okulu Emel , Kraja Elvis , Kostekci Yasemin Ezgi , Aloyeva Rana , Erdeve Omer , Atasay Begum , Arsan Saadet
Published: September 2022

We aimed to compare the definitions of National Institute of Child Health and
Human Development (NICHD) for bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) for determining
the incidences, and predicting late death and respiratory outcome. This
retrospective cohort study included infants born at<32 weeks’
gestation who survived up to 36 weeks’ postmenstrual age (PMA). Infants
were classified as having BPD or no BPD per thedefinitions of NICHD 2001 and
2018. The incidences of BPD were 49 and 32% according to the 2001 and
2018 NICHD definitions. Gestational age, birth weight and intubation after birth
were associated with BPD by both definitions. The NICHD 2018 definition
displayed similar sensitivity (100%) and negative predictive value
(100%), and higher specificity (70 vs. 52%) for predicting death
after 36 weeks’ PMA; a higher specificity (72 vs. 53%),
comparable negative predictive value (77 vs.76%), but lower sensitivity
for predicting adverse respiratory outcome within 12 months corrected age
compared with the NICHD 2001 definition. The NICHD 2018 definition is as
powerful as the 2001 definition for predicting late death and seems to be a
better indicator for long-term respiratory outcome. The use of supplemental
oxygen or oxygen plus respiratory support should be considered while predicting
both late death and long-term respiratory outcome.
Occurrence of Thromboembolic Events and Mortality Among Hospitalized Coronavirus 2019 Patients: Large Observational Cohort Study of Electronic Health Records
Authors: Spyropoulos Alex C. , Crawford James M. , Chen Yen-Wen Cindy , Ashton Veronica , Campbell Alicia K. , Milentijevic Dejan , Peacock W. Frank
Published: September 2022

Background Most symptoms of coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) are mild; however, some patients experience cardiovascular complications, including thromboembolic events and death. Data are needed to better inform prevention and treatment of these events. This analysis was designed to describe patient characteristics, medication use, thromboembolic events, and all-cause mortality in hospitalized COVID-19 patients in the United States.

Methods This retrospective, observational cohort study identified adults hospitalized with COVID-19 (January 21, 2020–January 07, 2021) in the deidentified Optum COVID-19 Electronic Health Records dataset. Thromboembolic events and all-cause mortality were collected at any time during the variable follow-up period (up to 50 weeks).

Results Of 181,995 COVID-19 patients who met eligibility criteria, 40,524 (22.3%) were hospitalized with COVID-19. Hospitalized patients had a mean age of 63 years and a Quan–Charlson comorbidity index of 1.3. Anticoagulants were used in 89.2% of patients during hospitalization and in 18.7% of postdischarge patients. Of hospitalized patients, 17.6% had a thromboembolic event during the entire follow-up period (mean time to the first event of 15 days), of whom 13.4% had an event during hospitalization; of discharged patients, 4.3% had a thromboembolic event (mean time from discharge to event of 43 days). Death during the follow-up period was reported in 15.0% of patients.

Conclusions In this large, observational cohort study, patients hospitalized with COVID-19 had high rates of thromboembolic events during hospitalization and in the postdischarge period; mortality was also high in this population. Anticoagulant use was common during hospitalization. These findings support further studies to optimize in-hospital and extended prophylaxis for hospitalized COVID-19 patients.