bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Study on Consumer Behaviour and Food Safety of Organic Products in Pakistan
Authors: Waqas Aslam , Hong Chen
Published: January 2019

Alongside the advancement in economic activities, it is seen that customer enthusiasm for organic products has expanded. Together with long lasting of life and wanting to build the personal satisfaction are of incredible significance in this expansion. The connection between studied variables and demographic factors were likewise examined by methods for Chi-square analysis. The study was conducted on 155 participants selected by utilizing convenience testing technique. Findings revealed that organic food attitude and safety of food were observed to be significant for intentions to purchase organic food. Then again, the results revealed that health consciousness was found insignificance for purchasing intentions of organic food. As for statistic qualities, profession and purchasing attitudes towards organic edibles items were observed to be interlinked with one another. It was likewise discovered that gender discrimination had an impact on organic edibles intentions.
A systems engineering framework for the design of bioprocess operator training simulators
Authors: Isimite Joseph , Baganz Frank , Hass Volker
Published: January 2019

Operator training simulators (OTS) are widely used in several industries including chemical processing, oil and gas, medicine, aircraft and nuclear facilities. However, developing a biorefinery OTS is a complex engineering design activity that requires a structured technique. This paper presents a structured methodology that applies design frameworks from other disciplines and a user-centred approach for biorefinery OTS design. These include the definition of end user requirements (operator training needs), and the analysis of these requirements using Quality Function Deployment (QFD). Furthermore, an algorithm for bioprocess optimisation and automatic adjustment of operating parameters is developed for integration into the OTS. This algorithm is based on the Nelder-Mead simplex method for multi-dimensional function minimisation.

Identified user requirements were categorized into primary, secondary and tertiary training needs, with increasing levels of detail from primary to tertiary needs. The relationships between identified operator training needs and OTS technical and functional specifications were investigated, and a priority rating assigned to the most important OTS specifications. Identified OTS specifications were evaluated for robustness to ensure that important features were not omitted from the final design.
Experimental Study on the Characteristics of Fire Smoke Movement in Ultra Thin and Tall Atriums by Hot Smoke Test
Authors: Zhang Hao , Du Cuifeng , Li Jingji , Chen Jian , Li Hongwen
Published: January 2019

The characteristics of smoke natural filling in ultra thin and tall atriums were investigated by hot smoke test method. For the fire located on the atrium ground, the smoke touched the side wall first and then extended both upwards and downwards. The smoke plume rising velocity variation can be divided into four stages, different from the normal law in large spaces. In the very early stage of natural filling, the smoke concentration near the height of wall touching point was highest and maintained at a high level in the whole process. The linear trend of temperature increasing in plume center above the height of touching point was broken, far less than the theoretical predictions, which verified the enhancement effect of boundary heat exchange caused by plume restriction. The variation tendencies of smoke density and temperature were similar during the hot smoke test,and there existed a good linear relation between these two parameters. The height-width ratio was calculated as 3.2 averagely by the test results when smoke plume would likely touch atrium walls, and it was very close to the theoretically derived value. This ratio can be used as the definition condition for ultra thin and tall atriums.
Discussion on Teaching Reform of “Traditional Landscape Architecture Design” Course in Applied Universities
Authors: Zhang Zhiwei , Que Yi , Tang Haiyan , Zhang Zhiwei
Published: January 2019

Traditional garden design is considered as the main course of landscape architecture. Through the teaching reform of this course, students can learn the design principles and methods of landscape design and combine classroom theoretical teaching with practical teaching. In view of the characteristics of application-oriented universities, this paper improves the teaching quality of traditional landscape architecture design course through the discussion-based teaching method.
Review of Research on critical velocity in tunnel fire
Authors: Pei Gui-hong , Zhang Qiu-yi
Published: January 2019

The critical velocity is the key for tunnel fire control. If the longitudinal ventilation velocity is greater than the critical velocity when the fire occurs, the upstream of the fire source is smokeless, and the smoke will flow to the downstream of the fire source, which can effectively control the fire spread and provide valuable time for personnel to escape and fire fighting. The researches of domestic and foreign scholars are used to investigate the influencing factors of critical velocity. the results show that the main influencing factors of critical velocity are fire heat release rate, tunnel section geometry, obstacle and slope in tunnel, etc. In this paper, the influencing factors are summarized, and some problems that need to be studied in tunnel fire are put forward.
Study on Hydrodynamics of a New Comb-type Floating Breakwater Fixed on the Water Surface
Authors: Chen Yaoyong , Niu Guoxu , Ma Yuliang
Published: January 2019

Through the physical model cross-section experiment, the effects of the relative width and groove depth on the transmission coefficient, horizontal wave force and vertical wave force of the new comb-type floating breakwater (FBW) model under fixed condition are observed. The results show that the hydrodynamic parameters of the new comb-type FBW are mainly influenced by its relative width under the action of regular wave, and the transmission coefficient decreases with the increase of its relative width. Especially when the relative width is 0.139 to 0.188, the transmission coefficient of the new comb-type FBW decreases rapidly with the increase of the relative width, and the horizontal wave force and the vertical wave force change slowly. This indicates that the new comb-type FBW has obvious effect on wave dissipation about short and medium waves. In addition, numerical investigations of selected experiment cases are conducted using RANS based commercial CFD code Flow3D. The numerical results show a good ability to capture the hydrodynamic interaction effect of the fixed FBW.
Research Progress on Solidification of Soft Muddy Soil
Authors: Wang Qianwen , He Lichao , Yang Hongna , Jiao Futao , Tan Feng , Zhao Xinming
Published: January 2019

A large number of literatures which had reported soft muddy soil stabilization were reviewed to review the present status and classification of soft muddy soil solidifying materials, summarize and analyze the solidifying mechanism of various solidifying materials in this paper. The results show that the soft muddy soil solidification which has significant economic, environmental and social benefit has wide application potential. Meanwhile, the questions need to be solved at present and suggestions of soft muddy soil solidification have been put forward.
Study on compaction mechanism of overconsolidated soil and critical groundwater level in Cangzhou
Authors: Wang Yunlong , Chen Ye , Guo Haipeng , Zang Xisheng
Published: January 2019

Cangzhou area is facing increasingly serious land subsidence problem caused by groundwater overexploitation during a long time. In order to make effectively use of water resource and to limit the development of subsidence, it is necessary to establish the warning critical water level, that is, the subsidence rate will increase significantly as the water level depths exceeds the critical groundwater levels. In this paper, the 3rd aquifer group, the main groundwater exploitation layer, has been taken as a research object. The critical water level is calculated by stress analysis, and then determined by the correlation between the monitoring data of groundwater levels and subsidence. The calculated results indicate good consistency.
The Prediction Model of Influence of Small Radius UTLT Curvature on Fire Site Visibility Based on Pyrosim Multiple Regression Analysis
Authors: Li Xiao Ju , Yao Kun , Dai Jun Yu , Song Yun Long
Published: January 2019

As a modern city’s “fourth dimension space”, UTLT is a typical narrow and confined underground space. Due to the special structural position and the curvature of the tunnel, the hot smoke in the fire field can easily form a “smoke turning circle” phenomenon, which greatly reduces environmental visibility and threatens people escape quickly. This article takes a UTLT small radius tunnel as an example to investigate the relationship between the curvature of the tunnel and the visibility of the fire near the fire source. Firstly, using Pyrosim to simulate the change of visibility in different curvatures of fire field, and using SPSS to carry out multiple regression analysis on numerical simulation data, summarizing the prediction model of the impact of small radius UTLT tunnel curvature on the visibility near the fire source. Finally, regression model analysis and test show that the curvature is negatively correlated with the visibility of the tunnel and the prediction model is feasible. The research results can provide theoretical guidance for the design of UTLT-type small-radius circulation smoke evacuation and rapid evacuation of personnel, and provide a reference for similar curve tunnel curvature design and smoke control measures.
Study on Third-Party supervision of Major Ecological Ecological Projects Auditing Based on Principal-agent Theory
Authors: Zhao Liang , Zheng Chuiyong
Published: January 2019

Without considering the existence of third-party audit supervision and considering the existence of third-party audit supervision, the principal-agent model of major engineering audits between government and audit organizations was constructed. The analytical solutions under various hypothetical conditions were analyzed for the government. The optimal incentive policy for major engineering audits provides the basis. The analysis results prove that, the introduction of third-party units for audit supervision can effectively stimulate audit behavior, reduce information asymmetry, and create higher engineering quality and audit quality in the process of major engineering audit.
Application of Groundwater Model to Groundwater Regulation in Cangzhou Area
Authors: Zhu Juyan , Wang Yunlong , Guo Haipeng , Zang Xisheng , Qin Tongchun
Published: January 2019

The development and utilization of groundwater in Cangzhou area has led to a series of environmental and geological problems such as groundwater-level declines and land subsidence. In order to alleviate the impact of groundwater abstraction on geological environment, a calibrated, transient groundwater numerical model of the Cangzhou area was developed using Processing Modflow. Then four kinds of groundwater exploitation schemes were designed and the groundwater flow fields for different schemes in the next 50 years were simulated and predicted. By comparing and analyzing the variation of the water levels in the mining layers and the variation of groundwater storage, the optimal groundwater extraction scheme was determined.
Ecological Conservation Redline (ECR) Delimitation—a CaseStudy of Heze in Shandong Province
Authors: Wang Yan , Gao Jixi , Li Wei , Xu Delin , Zou changxin , Wang Lixia , Sun Min
Published: January 2019

With the overall trends of deterioration in resources and ecological environments not being completely reversed, the Chinese government has adopted the strategy of establishing the Ecological Conservation Redline (ECR). The ECR aims to define limits to the encroachment onto protected ecologically vulnerable and sensitive areas, to prohibit development in these areas, and to enforce strict protection to guarantee regional ecological security. Climate data, remote sensing data, and other related data were used to identify an ECR in Heze, thereby providing an example of principle and methodology for ECR delimitation. After assessment, comprehensive treatment, and coordination analysis, a total area of 924.17 km2, accounting for 7.55% of the city’s total area, was identified as an ECR in Heze. This mainly comprised the area around the Yellow River, the old course of the Yellow River, and the Dongyu River.
Ecological briquettes from sunflower seed husk
Authors: Spirchez Cosmin , Lunguleasa Aurel , Croitoru Cătălin
Published: January 2019

The paper aims to use the waste of sun-flower hulls in order to obtain some lignocellulosic briquettes as renewable solid fuels. First, the sunflower seed husks were ground, after that they were sorted and only the fractions corresponding to the briquettes and pellets were used. After obtaining the stable briquettes there were determined the physical and caloric properties of briquettes manufactured from sunflower husks, as potential alternative biofuels. The moisture content, ash content and density of the briquettes have been determined and correlated with their calorific properties, namely the calorific value and calorific density. The experimental results have indicated that, even if the self-adhesion of sunflower seed hulls is less than that of wood sawdust, they have a better behaviour in humid environment. Good results make it possible to use these briquettes for both household heating systems and thermal power plants
Daily global solar radiation estimation based on air temperature: case of study south of Algeria
Authors: Ihaddadene Razika , Ihaddadene Nabila , Jed Mohamed El Hacen Ould Ahmedou Bemba , De Souza Amaury
Published: January 2019

Global solar radiation is needed for the analysis and scaling of solar conversion systems; however, global measurements of solar radiation are not available in all Algerian cities. The use of empirical models using an accessible parameter is a solution to this problem. In this study, seven empirical Models namely Hargreaves and Samani, Chen, M.F. Li, H.Li, Bristow and Campbell, Okonkwo and Abraha Savage have been employed to estimate daily average global solar radiation on the horizontal surface. These models use extreme temperatures (minimum and maximum). They were applied to three south Algerian sites (Biskra, Ghardaia, and Tamanrasset). The analyzed data were provided by the NASA site and cover four years (2001-2004). The validation of the models for predicting daily global solar radiation was done using four statistical parameters (R2, MBE, RMSE, and RPE). The results show that Bristow and Compbell Model shows better performance than the other models in all sites. A new model is proposed for each site. The results show that this later is the best one compared with the seven models analyzed. Therefore, the developed model can be suggested to estimate daily global solar radiation using only extreme air temperatures in south Algeria.
Proposal for a solar fruit dryer design with organoleptic properties recovery system
Authors: Asmat-Campos D. , Carreño-Ortega Angel
Published: January 2019

With the passing of time, the demand for dehydrated organic products has increased, ranging from vegetables to fruits, however in the latter efforts to achieve a quality product have led to the use of industrialized systems which depend on the use of fossil fuels or systems that use electric current which greatly increase production costs. At present, various solar dryer models have emerged, having achieved an optimal performance in what corresponds to the processing of vegetables, however in the processes of dehydration of fruits the results have not been satisfactory, due to the loss of its color, taste, aroma and texture (organoleptic properties). Faced with this problem, an innovative design of solar fruit dehydrator is proposed, which has two objectives, the first related to recovering the organoleptic properties through a system of condenzation, cyclic dehydration and the synchronization of the calorific balance, and the second one focused on the improvement of thermal efficiency, through the use of some heat piles and a trombe wall. The heat transfer fluid was improved, adding silver nanoparticles (silver nanospheres), which were synthesized using the green chemistry method; the efficiency of the heat transfer fluid was increased by 30%.
Study of indoor PM2.5 distribution characteristics and optimal location for its monitoring in an office
Authors: Hong Guoxiang , Liao Chunhui , Liu Hong
Published: January 2019

With the appearance of the word “haze” in China, PM2.5 (particulate matter with aerodynamic diameter less than 2.5 μm) that can enter occupants' lungs has become a public topic of discussion. Today, the indoor PM2.5 or fine particulate concentration has become one of important factors affecting indoor air quality (IAQ). How to properly monitor indoor PM2.5 is an urgent issue to be discussed and solved. At present, sampling is adopted to know PM2.5 concentration in a room, and Chinese related standard required the sampling time for indoor PM2.5 is at least 8 hours. However, the sampling method takes too much time, and the HVAC system cannot react in real time such as increasing the fresh air volume with increase of indoor PM2.5 concentration. So, there is a great need to find an optimal location for continuous PM2.5 monitoring. Before finding the monitoring point, the spatial and temporal distribution characteristics of indoor PM2.5 concentration are needed to be known. Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) can be used to simulate airflow and dispersion of PM2.5 in rooms with different scales, functions and ventilations. This paper will contribute to find the optimal location which could preferably describe indoor PM2.5 concentration in an office combined with experimental research and CFD simulation. In short, the aim of the paper is to reveal the spatial-temporal characteristics of indoor PM2.5 concentration distribution and optimize the layout of PM2.5 monitoring points for air conditioning systems to better control indoor contaminate PM2.5 concentration.
Analysis of atmospheric attenuation using the Telescope Array central laser data
Authors: AbuZayyad Tareq
Published: January 2019

Located in the western desert of the state of Utah, the Telescope Array (TA) experiment measures the properties of ultra high energy cosmic ray (UHECR) induced extensive air showers. TA employs a hybrid detector comprised of a large surface array of scintillator detectors overlooked by three fluorescence telescopes stations. The TA Low Energy extension (TALE) detector has operated as a monocular Cherenkov/fluorescence detector for nearly five years, and has recently been complemented by a closely spaced surface array to operate in hybrid mode. The TAx4 upgrade is underway and aims to, as the name suggests, quadruple the size of the surface array to improve statistics at the highest energies (post-GZK events).

The analysis of the TA fluorescence detectors (FD) data requires knowledge of the degree of the atmospheric attenuation of UV light produced by shower particles. This attenuation depends partially on the amount of aerosols present in the atmosphere at the time of shower observation. Being highly variable, real time measurement of the aerosols light attenuation is accomplished through the use of a central laser facility (CLF) located at the center of the surface array, and in the field of view of the three FDs, as well as, the TALE FD. In this proceeding we will describe the experiment, and the CLF data and analysis, and give results on measured aerosols attenuation, yearly averaged. FD measurements of shower energy and Xmax, involve corrections for atmospheric attenuation due to the presence of aerosols. We discuss the errors introduced into the shower parameters reconstruction due to uncertainty about aerosols attenuation.
Aerosol Optical Depth from MODIS satellite data above the Pierre Auger Observatory
Authors: Borodai Nataliia
Published: January 2019

Aerosol optical depth can be retrieved from measurements performed by Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) satellite instrument. The MODIS satellite system includes two polar satellites, Terra and Aqua. Each of them flies over the Pierre Auger Observatory once a day, providing two measurements of aerosols per day and covering the whole area of the Observatory. MODIS aerosol data products have been generated by three dedicated algorithms over bright and dark land and over ocean surface. We choose the Deep Blue algorithm data to investigate the distribution of aerosols over the Observatory, as this algorithm is the most appropriate one for semi-arid land of the Pierre Auger Observatory. This data algorithm allows us to obtain aerosol optical depth values for the investigated region, and to build cloud-free aerosol maps with a horizontal resolution 0.1°×0.1°. Since a suffcient number of measurements was obtained only for Loma Amarilla and Coihueco fluorescence detector (FD) sites of the Pierre Auger Observatory, a more detailed analysis of aerosol distributions is provided for these sites. Aerosols over these FD sites are generally distributed in a similar way each year, but some anomalies are also observed. These anomalies in aerosol distributions appear mainly due to some transient events, such as volcanic ash clouds, fires etc. We conclude that the Deep Blue MODIS algorithm provides more realistic aerosol optical depth values than other available algorithms.
Ground-Based Observations of Terrestrial Gamma Ray Flashes Associated with Downward-Directed Lightning Leaders
Authors: Abbasi Rasha , Belz John , Le Von Ryan , Rodeheffer Dan , Krehbiel Paul , Remington Jackson , Rison William
Published: January 2019

Terrestrial gamma-ray flashes (TGFs) are bursts of gamma-rays initiated in the Earth’s atmosphere. TGFs were serendipitously first observed over twenty years ago by the BATSE gamma ray satellite experiment. Since then, several satellite experiments have shown that TGFs are produced in the upward negative breakdown stage at the start of intracloud lightning discharges. In this proceeding, we present ground-based observation of TGFs produced by downward negative breakdown occurring at the beginning of negative cloud-to-ground flashes.

The Terrestrial gamma-ray flashes discussed in this work were detected between 2014-2017 at ground level by the Telescope Array surface detector (TASD) together with Lightning Mapping Array (LMA) and the slow electric field antenna (SA). The TASD detector is a 700 km2ultra high energy cosmic ray detector in the southwestern desert of Utah. It is comprised of 507 (3 m2) plastic scintillator detectors on a 1.2 km square grid. The LMA detector, a three-dimensional total lightning location system, is comprised of nine stations located within and around the array. The slow electric field antenna records the electric field change in lightning discharges.

The observed Gamma ray showers were detected in the first 1-2 ms of downward negative breakdown prior to cloud-to-ground lightning strikes. The shower sources were observed by the LMA detector at altitudes of a few kilometers above ground level. The detected energetic burst showers have a footprint on the ground typically ~ 3-5 km in diameter. The bursts comprise of several (2-5) individual pulses, each of which have a span of a few to tens of microseconds and an overall duration of several hundred microseconds. Using a forward-beamed cone of half-angle of 16 degrees, GEANT simulation studies indicate that the showers are consistent with gamma rays of 1012- 1014primary photons. We hypothesize that the observed terrestrial gamma-ray flashes are similar to those detected by satellites, but that the ground-based observations are closer to the source and therefore are able to observe weaker sources and report on the structure of the temporal distribution at the source. This result and future studies will enable us to better identify and constrain the mechanisms of downward TGF production.
Upgrade of the YerPhI polarization Lidar System for using Polarization of the Elastic and Raman Backscattered Beams
Authors: Ghalumyan A. , Apresyan K. , Chilingaryan A. , Ghazaryan V.
Published: January 2019

A powerful two-frequency lidar system using polarized beams has been developed at YerPhI. The system is completed with laser beam polarization changers and nitrogen and water Raman channels for investigation of the influence of atmospheric electric fields on the elastic and Raman backscattered beams polarization. At present, the system is being tuned for measuring vertical atmospheric backscatter profiles of aerosols and hydrometeors, analyze the depolarization ratio of elastic backscattered laser beams and investigate the influence of external factors on the beam polarization. Laser light that is reflected from the air and from clouds carries information on density profiles, aerosols and electrical fields. Applications of this system will be the investigation of the electrical state of the atmosphere during thunderstorms [1-3] on Mt Aragats, and, possibly the monitoring of the atmosphere at the site of the upcoming Cherenkov Telescope Array (CTA). CTA is expected to provide unprecedented sensitivity for gamma ray detection in the energy range of 30 GeV to 300 TeV. To fully exploit the potential of the telescope system it is important to characterize the optical and electrical properties of the atmosphere. A lidar system for the continuous monitoring of the atmosphere is the tool of choice.
Noise Characterization: Keeping Reduction Based Per-turbed Quantum Walk Search Optimal
Authors: Chiang Chen-Fu , Hsieh Chang-Yu
Published: January 2019

In a recent work by Novo et al. (Sci. Rep. 5, 13304, 2015), the invariant subspace method was applied to the study of continuous-time quantum walk (CTQW). In this work, we adopt the aforementioned method to investigate the optimality of a perturbed quantum walk search of a marked element in a noisy environment on various graphs. We formulate the necessary condition of the noise distribution in the system such that the invariant subspace method remains effective and eﬃcient. Based on the noise, we further formulate how to set the appropriate coupling factor to preserve the optimality of the quantum walker.
Vector generation of contextual sets
Authors: Pavičić Mladen , Megill Norman D.
Published: January 2019

As quantum contextuality proves to be a necessary resource for universal quantum computation, we present a general method for vector generation of Kochen-Specker (KS) contextual sets in the form of hypergraphs. The method supersedes all three previous methods: (i) fortuitous discoveries of smallest KS sets, (ii) exhaustive upward hypergraph-generation of sets, and (iii) random downward generation of sets from fortuitously obtained big master sets. In contrast to previous works, we can generate master sets which contain all possible KS sets starting with nothing but a few simple vector components. From them we can readily generate all KS sets obtained in the last half a century and any specified new KS sets. Herewith we can generate sufficiently large sets as well as sets with definite required features and structures to enable varieties of different implementations in quantum computation and communication.
Effect of the Diamagnetic term in the ultra-strong coupling regime
Authors: Sakhi Z. , Chentouf A. , Bennai M.
Published: January 2019

We consider a set of two level atoms interacting with a single quantized bosonic mode governed by the Dicke model. In this model it is well known that under a critical value of the light-matter coupling a spontaneous radiation process takes place. In the present work, we investigate the dynamics of the system and we study the Wigner distribution function to visualize the effect of the minimal coupling on the ground state wavefunction from the normal phase to the superradiant one. We show also that the entanglement of Bi-partite model is limited by the presence of the diamagnetic term.
On the power of two-way multihead quantum finite automata
Authors: Bhatia Amandeep Singh , Kumar Ajay
Published: January 2019

This paper introduces a variant of two-way quantum finite automata named two-way multihead quantum finite automata. A two-way quantum finite automaton is more powerful than classical two-way finite automata. However, the generalizations of two-way quantum finite automata have not been defined so far as compared to one-way quantum finite automata model. We have investigated the newly introduced automata from two aspects: the language recognition capability and its comparison with classical and quantum counterparts. It has been proved that a language which cannot be recognized by any one-way and multi-letter quantum finite automata can be recognized by two-way quantum finite automata. Further, it has been shown that a language which cannot be recognized by two-way quantum finite automata can be recognized by two-way multihead quantum finite automata with two heads. Furthermore, it has been investigated that quantum variant of two-way deterministic multihead finite automata takes less number of heads to recognize a language containing of all words whose length is a prime number.
Apprendre a réaliser une radiographie a l’aide d’un simulateur numérique
Authors: Doidy Franck , Anne Jean-François
Published: January 2019

Les outils numériques transforment les pratiques pédagogiques. En particulier, les simulateurs informatiques ont pris une place importante dans la formation des professionnels de santé. Ils sont devenus le support incontournable des cours magistraux.

Dans cette optique, nous avons développé un simulateur numérique d’imagerie radiologique de projection. Pour réaliser une radiographie, l’étudiant saisit, sur l’interface graphique, l’ensemble des paramètres nécessaires au fonctionnement d’un tube à rayons X. Il visualise immédiatement le cliché obtenu, en particulier les conséquences de l’utilisation de paramètres inadaptés.

Ce simulateur convivial et interactif place les étudiants dans une position active. Il est un outil indispensable pour la consolidation des enseignements magistraux ainsi que pour l’évaluation du savoir-faire et du savoir-être des étudiants.
Introduction of environmental aspects in designing of machines
Authors: Kłos Zbigniew
Published: January 2019

Until now, in designing, an engineer’s main task was to find solutions for practical problems including limitations of mainly material, technological and economical nature. Recently it was stated that environmental aspects need to be included as well in any design algorithm to provide low environmental impact profile of any technical object. In this paper, the example of use of the tool oriented at environment impact analysis – Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) – in the design stage of technical objects, is presented. The environmental analysis is done on the wrapping machine, with the special interest given to its gear transmission. Using LCA, environmental profiles and environmental indices for different constructions of gear wheels are elaborated and on this basis, an environmentally optimal combination of materials for elements of transmission gear: shaft, gear wheels and body is proposed. The analysis of results brings interesting observations and conclusions, important and useful for both machine designers and producers.
Innovative research method of the fuel injector that allows to evaluate the efficiency of wood chip drive control systems
Authors: Wargula Łukasz , Krawiec Piotr , Waluś Konrad Jan
Published: January 2019

Exceeding air pollution emission standards in large cities leads to a search of methods of reducing emissions and their neutralization. One of the ways to improve air quality is to increase green infrastructure in urban areas. It leads to an increase in the demand for work machines that process waste from tree care is. Mobile chopping shredders for tree branches are driven by internal combustion engines defined in the standard as drives of non-road mobile machines. In the case of spark-ignition internal combustion engines, these provisions are liberal. This leads to a low level of technical advancement of these drives characterized mainly by the carburettor fuel supply system. The article presents an innovative research method of the fuel injector of the injection unit, enabling mechatronisation of the combustion engine's injection system. The measured values make it possible to evaluate the fuel consumption depending on the developed (patent pending) innovative control systems for the chipper drive. Ultimately, the conducted research will enable the increase of the effectiveness of wood chipping grinding processes and reduction of harmful emissions.
Wheelset/rail geometric characteristics and contact forces assessment with regard to angle of attack
Authors: Lack Tomáš , Gerlici Juraj , Šťastniak Pavol
Published: January 2019

The geometric relation between a wheelset and a rail is assessed with the help of geometric characteristics. Geometric characteristics are: equivalent conicity function, delta r function placement of contact points of a wheelset and a rail, tangent gamma function and effective conicity. It turned out that these characteristics are at present the most important not only for the judgment of ride characteristics of a vehicle on the rail but also for the wearing of wheel treads and rail heads, i.e., for the assessment of the track and vehicles in order to find out the current state and for the assessment of changes of the wheels and rails profile shapes in order to improve the current state too. The process of geometric characteristic assessment of a wheelset and rail with regard to angle of attack, as well as contact forces are analysed in the article.
Design and strength analysis of mechanical rack system
Authors: Blatnická Mária , Sága Milan , Blatnický Miroslav
Published: January 2019

The paper deals with a construction design of the rack system which will be used for storage of metallurgical rod material in a manufacturing engineering company. To meet requirements for manual control of the pull-out mechanism it will be determined the force exerted by the worker on the hand crank required to pull in and pull out the racking system at the full load. In addition, stress analysis was conducted by means of finite element method.
DEM simulation research of selected sowing unit elements used in a mechanical seeding drill
Authors: Marcinkiewicz Jacek , Selech Jarosław , Staszak Żaneta , Gierz Łukasz , Ulbrich Dariusz , Romek Dawid
Published: January 2019

The paper presents the results of research aimed at the verification of the existing design solutions of four example sowing units for agricultural seed drills with the most frequently used types of sowing wheels. The research was conducted with the use of modern computer simulation systems based on the discrete element method (DEM) with the evaluation of the efficiency of selected design solutions in terms of achieved performance and metering uniformity. The paper includes a description of virtual research models and the employed mathematical models used for mirroring contact between seeds. Moreover, for the purpose of verification of the obtained results, bench tests were conducted using actual models of selected design solutions.
Modification of the optimization model for simulation of large-diameter pipes bending
Authors: Handrik Marián , Dorčiak Filip , Sága Milan , Vaško Milan , Jakubovičová Lenka
Published: January 2019

This paper presents a modification of the existing optimalization model in order to increase the accuracy of the solution in the initial and the end part of the bend. Developed optimalization algorithms are implemented in the program MATLAB, and the simulation of the bending process is solved in the FEM program ADINA. Created optimisation program automatically generate model for FEM analysis and automaticaly analyses obtained results from FEM analysis.
The finite element method in the analysis of the stress and strain distribution in polyethylene elements of hip and knee joints endoprostheses
Authors: Nabrdalik Marcin , Sobociński Michał
Published: January 2019

The paper presents the numerical analysis of stress and strain occurring in the most wearable parts of hip and knee joints endoprostheses. The complexity of the processes taking place in both, natural and artificial joints, makes it necessary to conduct the analysis on the 3D model based on already existing mathematical models. Most of the mechanical failures in alloplasty are caused by material fatigue. To cut down the risk of it, we can either increase the fatigue resistance of the material or decrease the load strain. It is extremelly important to indicate the areas where damage or premature wear may occur. The Finite Elements Method makes it possible to calculate the stress and strain in particular elements of the tested models. All presented numerical calculations define quality conclusions concerning the influence of some parameters of endoprostheses on the values of stress and strain that are formed in polyethylene parts of endoprotheses of hip and knee joints. The obtained results help to reveal “weak points” in examined models and thus, counteract the subsequent effects resulting from premature wear of endoprosthesis elements. The numerical analysis was performed basing on the finite elements method using Autodesk Simulation Mechanical 2017 software and the ADINA 7.5.1.
Simulations CAE of wood pellet machine
Authors: Macko Marek , Mroziński Adam , Prentki Adam
Published: January 2019

The work presents the problems of pellet production, and special attention is paid to the issues of pellet machine construction. A sample of CFD application, SolidWorks Flow Simulation, was used to analysis the flow and compaction of wood material. Examples of speed distributions inside the feed hopper and in the working system are presented.
Modelling and static stability analyses of the hexa-quad bimorph walking robot
Authors: Wojtkowiak Dominik , Talaśka Krzysztof , Malujda Ireneusz , Górecki Jan , Wilczyński Dominik
Published: January 2019

Gait stability of the walking robot has great influence on the many functional features related to walking robots, from mechanical construction to control algorithms and generating steps. The goal of the presented research was a development of the concept of hexa-quad bimorph walking robot. Results of the performed static stability analysis allowed the initial verification of the mathematical model and provided information about the design adequacy and the possibilities of controlling the machine. The research involved analysing the characteristic postures of the robot focused on retaining static stability. To achieve this objective the mathematical model was made to determine the centre of gravity for the robot by using Denavit-Hartenberg notation. On this basis the simulation model was created in Matlab Simulink environment, where the described analyses were conducted. Based on the obtained results, the initial model error was determined at approximately 3%. It was also established that the centre of gravity for the design was not significantly different from the effective centre of gravity for the robot. This made it possible to achieve static stability through adequate alignment of the legs in nearly every robot configuration.
The directions of the development of the methods for designing the geometric form of mechanical structures
Authors: Kołodziej Andrzej , Dudziak Marian , Talaśka Krzysztof
Published: January 2019

In the paper the main directions of the development of the methods for designing selected geometrical features of the mechanical components along with its representation in technical drawing were described. The influence of the shape deviations on the condition of the mechanical connections and its fits was defined and characterized. It was proved, that the shape obtained in the machining process significantly differs from the nominal shape of the designed parts. The consequence of the following deviations are the troubles during cooperation of the parts, which perform either rotary or reciprocating motion. The results presented in this paper contain the measurement of the actual geometry of the journal and the hub along with determination of the value and the type of their shape deviations. Authors have proved that the magnitude of the shape deviations are subject to the errors connected with the methods of measurement and used tools. Proper simulations were performed, which shows the certain influence of the shape deviations on the cooperation of the mechanical parts.
Application of selected computational intelligence methods to sound level modelling based on traffic intensity in thoroughfare
Authors: Kekez Michał
Published: January 2019

The aim of the paper was to build the models of sound pressure level as a function of traffic intensity in thoroughfare. The models were built by using artificial analytical models or regression trees. The former included Nordic Prediction Method. The latter were represented by Random Forest and Cubist. The analysis of accuracy of all obtained models was conducted. The best models can be used in the process of reconstruction of equivalent sound level data.
Peculiarities of the mathematical modelling of dynamic loading on containers in flat wagons transportation
Authors: Fomin Oleksij , Gerlici Juraj , Lovskaya Alyona , Kravchenko Kateryna , Burlutski Oleksii , Hauser Vladimír
Published: January 2019

The study deals with a shunting impact of 13-4085 wagon platform to a TK25 tank container. In order to define the loads acting on the container frame, 3D computer models of the 1СС size container is designed, both version – for liquid and dry material transport. The virtual model consider a longitudinal force from the wagon automatic coupling, vertical and horizontal forces from the wagon – containers interaction and also vertical forces of the container fittings. For checking adequacy of the created models, the container acceleration values was obtained in two scenarios. In the first case, when fittings are aligned relative to the fitting spots of a wagon, thus without possibility of relative movement. In the second case, movement within clearance of fitting spots is possible. Mathematical models of dynamic loads on these structures were solved by MathCad. Differential equations were solved by the Runge – Kutta method. Adequacy of the created models was checked with an F-test. On the basis of conducted calculation can be conclude that the hypothesis on the adequacy of the models was not rejected.
Simulation study of the hydraulic transmitter-receiver system
Authors: Frąckowiak Damian
Published: January 2019

The paper presents a hydraulic transmitter receiver system which is characterized by the ability to remotely send information utilizing a single hydraulic line. The system was subject to computer simulation in the software Fluid-SIM Hydraulics, and based on the obtained measurement results the influence of the parameters of its components on the correct operation of the entire system was determined.
Modelling and Simulation of Machine Tool Prototype with 6DOF Parallel Mechanism in Matlab / Simulink
Authors: Bulej Vladimír , Uríček Juraj , Eberth Manfred , Kuric Ivan , Stanček Ján
Published: January 2019

The article deals with the preparation of simulation model of mechanism with parallel kinematic structure called hexapod as an electro-mechanical system in software MATLAB/Simulink. The simulation model is composed from functional blocks represented each part of mechanism’s kinematic structure with certain properties. The results should be used for further simulation of its behaviour as well as for generating of control algorithms for real functional prototype.
Analysis of a tram car ride when passing point frog and when entering curve by specific rail geometry
Authors: Hauser Vladimír , Gerlici Juraj , Kravchenko Kateryna , Lack Tomáš , Loulová Mária
Published: January 2019

In urban railway environments, the problem of tramcars passing small radius arches appears to be topical. In this regard, the authors proposed that the wheelsets should be complemented on the outer side of the wheels with a second tread of a lower radius, intended exclusively for ride in arches of the track with a radius which the conventional wheelsets cannot even theoretically pass without creep. The complemented wheel tread enters into operation (or out of action) as a result of passing over a specially shaped rail located in the intersections before and behind the small radius arc. In this process, there is a change in the wheel-rail contact location similar to what is commonly used when riding on a facing rail located in the immediate vicinity of the point frog. The paper deals with the comparison of these two cases based on a simulation analysis of vehicle ride. It can be evaluated, that changing the contact point when entering the arc by means of the proposed rails takes place in a more favourable way. It is possible to assume nearly 4 times longer service life of the proposed shaped rail than the one of a frog point.
Experimental tests of vehicle body accelerations at selected road and rail crossings
Authors: Waluś Konrad J. , Polasik Jakub , Mielniczuk Janusz , Warguła Łukasz
Published: January 2019

Vehicles moving across the railway are exposed to the dynamic reaction of unevenness of surface on those level crossing. This significantly influences on the increase of the acceleration as well as forces values transferred to the body of the car. These values depend to extent on the geometric parameters of level crossing as well as on the characteristics of the car tires and suspension. The paper presents the results of experimental tests of a small delivery vehicle crossing selected level crossings with a diversified geometric cross-section structure.
The problems of measuring the temperature of the small engines (SI) on the example of a drive for non-road mobile machines
Authors: Wargula Łukasz , Waluś Konrad Jan , Krawiec Piotr
Published: January 2019

Modern drive units designed for driving non-road machines are characterized by liberal regulations regarding the limits of toxic compounds emission in exhaust gases. These regulations contribute to the low level of technical advancement of this type of drive units. Among the new non-road small engines (SI) offered in the sale in 2018 in the European Union, the majority of them are equipped with carburettor systems whose fuel supply characteristics do not allow to achieve modern fuel-air mixture control standards. Therefore, action should be taken to develop these drive units towards electronic control of combustion processes in these engines, which will allow the use of innovative control algorithms. One of the basic signals supporting the selection of the air-fuel mixture is the engine temperature. The paper presents an overview of the methods for measuring the temperature of internal combustion engines and presents the results of research on the process of warming up the engine. The tests were carried out with three methods using an oil temperature sensor, a surface temperature sensor and a thermal imaging camera. An attempt was made to indicate construction guidelines taking into account the place of temperature measurement, correction factors were determined in relation to the oil temperature. The developed coefficients can be used to precisely determine the thermal state of the engine, which is an important aspect in the process of controlling the fuel-air mixture and affects its consumption.