bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Miocene sepiids (Cephalopoda, Coleoidea) from Australia
Authors: Košt'ák Martin , Ruman Andrej , Schlögl Ján , Hudáčková Natalia , Fuchs Dirk , Mazuch Martin
Published: April 2017

Abstract. Two sepiid genera, Notosepia Chapman, 1915, and Sepia Linnaeus, 1758, are described from the Neogene deposits of Australia. A new and unique record of the middle Miocene Sepia sp. is reported from southern Australia. Based on similarities to contemporaneous sepiids, the new sepiid cuttlebone described herein belongs to the genus Sepia. Notosepia cliftonensis is suggested herein to be a descendant of the archaeosepiid stem lineage. Microstructures (lamella-fibrillar nacre is the nacre Type II of septa and pillar prismatic layers) of the excellently preserved cuttlebone of Sepia sp. display a modern character of the phragmocone, fully comparable to the recent taxa. The stratigraphically well-calibrated (based on foraminifera) cuttlebone represents the first unambiguous fossil record of the genus Sepia from the Southern Hemisphere. It significantly extends the biogeographical distribution of modern sepiids in the Miocene and suggests the existence of a sepiid eastward migratory route. Moreover, the presence of both conservative- and modern-type cuttlebones suggests a dual colonisation of Australian waters: the first (archaeosepiid) during the late Eocene–late Oligocene and the second (sepiid) during the early Miocene.
CHROTRAN 1.0: A mathematical and computational model for in situ heavy metal remediation in heterogeneous aquifers
Authors: Hansen Scott K. , Pandey Sachin , Karra Satish , Vesselinov Velimir V.
Published: April 2017

Abstract. Groundwater contamination by heavy metals is a critical environmental problem for which in situ remediation is frequently the only viable treatment option. For such interventions, a three-dimensional reactive transport model of relevant biogeochemical processes is invaluable. To this end, we developed a model, CHROTRAN, for in situ treatment, which includes full dynamics for five species: a heavy metal to be remediated, an electron donor, biomass, a nontoxic conservative bio-inhibitor, and a biocide. Direct abiotic reduction by donor-metal interaction as well as donor-driven biomass growth and bio-reduction are modeled, along with crucial processes such as donor sorption, bio-fouling and biomass death. Our software implementation handles heterogeneous flow fields, arbitrarily many chemical species and amendment injection points, and features full coupling between flow and reactive transport. We describe installation and usage and present two example simulations demonstrating its unique capabilities. One simulation suggests an unorthodox approach to remediation of Cr(VI) contamination.
Is Annual Recharge Coefficient a Valid Concept in Arid and Semi-Arid Region?
Authors: Cheng Yiben , Zhan Hongbin , Yang Wenbin , Dang Hongzhong , Li Wei
Published: April 2017

Abstract. Deep soil recharge (DSR) (at depth more than 200 cm) is an important part of water circulation in arid and semi-arid regions. Quantitative monitoring of DSR is of great importance to assess water resources and study water balance in arid and semi-arid regions. Simple estimates of recharge based on fixed fractions of annual precipitation are misleading because they do not reflect the plant and soil factors controlling recharge. This study used a typical bare land on the Eastern margin of Mu Us Sandy Land of China an example to illustrate a new lysimeter method of measuring DSR underneath bare sand land in arid and semi-arid regions. Positioning monitoring was done on precipitation and DSR measurement underneath mobile sand dunes from 2013 to 2015 in the study area. Results showed that use of a constant recharge coefficient for estimating DSR in bare sand land in arid and semi-arid regions is questionable and could lead to considerable errors. It appeared that DSR in those regions was influenced by precipitation pattern, and was closely correlated with spontaneous heavy precipitation (defined for an event with more than 10 mm precipitation) other than the average precipitation strength. This study showed that as much as 42 % of precipitation in a single heavy precipitation event can be transformed into DSR. During the observation period, the maximum annual DSR could make up to 24.33 % of the annual precipitation. This study provided a reliable method of estimating DSR in sandy area of arid and semi-arid regions, which is valuable for managing groundwater resources and ecological restoration in those regions.
Spatial pattern evaluation of a calibrated national hydrological model – a remote sensing based diagnostic approach
Authors: Mendiguren Gorka , Koch Julian , Stisen Simon
Published: April 2017

Abstract. Distributed hydrological models are traditionally evaluated against discharge stations, emphasizing the temporal and neglecting the spatial component of a model. The present study widens the traditional paradigm by highlighting spatial patterns of evapotranspiration (ET), a key variable at the land-atmosphere interface, obtained from two different approaches at the national scale of Denmark. The first approach is based on a national water resources model (DK-model), using the MIKE-SHE model code, and the second approach utilizes a two source energy balance model (TSEB) driven mainly by satellite remote sensing data. The main hypothesis of the study is that while both approaches are essentially estimates, the spatial patterns of the remote sensing based approach are explicitly driven by observed land surface temperature and therefore represent the most direct spatial pattern information of ET; enabling its use for distributed hydrological model evaluation. Ideally the hydrological model simulation and remote sensing based approach should present similar spatial patterns and driving mechanism of ET. However, the spatial comparison showed that the differences are significant and indicating insufficient spatial pattern performance of the hydrological model. The differences in spatial patterns can partly be explained by the fact that the hydrological model is configured to run in 6 domains that are calibrated independently from each other, as it is often the case for large scale multi-basin calibrations. Furthermore, the model incorporates predefined temporal dynamics of Leaf Area Index (LAI), root depth (RD) and Crop coefficient (Kc) for each land cover type. This zonal approach of model parametrization ignores the spatio-temporal complexity of the natural system. To overcome this limitation, the study features a modified version of the DK-Model in which LAI, RD, and KC are empirically derived using remote sensing data and detailed soil property maps in order to generate a higher degree of spatio-temporal variability and spatial consistency between the 6 domains. The effects of these changes are analyzed by using the empirical orthogonal functions (EOF) analysis to evaluate spatial patterns. The EOF-analysis shows that including remote sensing derived LAI, RD and KC in the distributed hydrological model adds spatial features found in the spatial pattern of remote sensing based ET.
The Effect of Soil Moisture Anomalies on Maize Yield in Germany
Authors: Peichl Michael , Thober Stephan , Meyer Volker , Samaniego Luis
Published: April 2017

Abstract. Crop models routinely use meteorological variations to estimate crop yield. Soil moisture, however, is the primary source of water for plant growth. The aim of this study is to investigate the intra-seasonal predictability of soil moisture to estimate silage maize yield in Germany. It is also evaluated how approaches considering soil moisture perform compared to those using only meteorological variables. Silage maize is one of the most widely cultivated crops in Germany because it is used as a main biomass supplier for energy production in the course of the German Energy Transition. Reduced form fixed effect panel models are employed to investigate the relationships in this study. These models are estimated for each month of the growing season to gain insights into the time varying effects of soil moisture and meteorological variables. Temperature, precipitation, and potential evapotranspiration are used as meteorological variables. Soil moisture is transformed into anomalies which provide a measure for the inter-annual variation within each month. The main result of this study is that soil moisture anomalies have predictive skills which vary in magnitude and direction depending on the month. For instance, dry soil moisture anomalies in August and September reduce silage maize yield more than 10 % other factors being equal. On the contrary, dry anomalies in May increase crop yield up to 7 % because absolute soil water content is higher in May compared to August due to its seasonality. With respect to the meteorological terms, models using both temperature and precipitation have higher predictabilities than models using only one meteorological variable. Also, models employing only temperature exhibit elevated effects.
Seabirds as samplers of the marine environment – a case study of northern gannets
Authors: Garthe Stefan , Peschko Verena , Kubetzki Ulrike , Corman Anna-Marie
Published: April 2017

Abstract. Understanding distribution patterns, activities, and foraging behaviours of seabirds requires interdisciplinary approaches. In this paper, we provide examples of the data and analytical procedures from a new study in the German Bight (North Sea) tracking northern gannets (Morus bassanus) at their breeding colony on the island of Heligoland. Individual adult northern gannets were equipped with different types of data loggers for several weeks, measuring geographic positions and other parameters mostly at 3–5 min intervals. Birds flew in all directions from the island to search for food, but most flights targeted areas to the (N)NW (north–northwest) of Heligoland. Foraging trips were remarkably variable in duration and distance; most trips lasted 1–15 h and extended from 3 to 80 km from the breeding colony on Heligoland. Dives of gannets were generally shallow, with more than half of the dives only reaching depths of 1–3 m. The maximum dive depth was 11.4 m. Gannets showed a clear diurnal rhythm in their diving activity, with dives being almost completely restricted to the daylight period. Most flight activity at sea occurred at an altitude between the sea surface and 40 m. Gannets mostly stayed away from the wind farms and passed around them much more frequently than flying through them. Detailed information on individual animals may provide important insights into processes that are not detectable at a community level.
Anchor Babies and Welfare Queens: An Essay on Political Rhetoric, Gendered Racism, and Marginalization
Authors: Foster Carly Hayden
Published: April 2017

The phrases anchor baby and welfare queen are examples of gendered racist political rhetoric publicly used by lawmakers to marginalize vulnerable populations. In the 1980s and 1990s, the phrase welfare queen was used by lawmakers to describe poor single women who had multiple children, allegedly for the purpose of financial gain at the expense of U.S. taxpayers. The term anchor baby has been used more recently to describe the children of unauthorized immigrant women who, some lawmakers assert, come to the United States to have babies for personal gain at the expense of U.S. taxpayers. This essay explores public statements of U.S. lawmakers engaging in anchor baby discourse. By analyzing the ways that these two different but functionally similar phrases have been used by U.S. lawmakers, we gain an understanding of the use of political rhetoric in marginalizing women and families of color.
2017/6 Danish Supreme Court holds there is no duty to reassign an employee during the notice period (DK)
Authors: Norrbom Mariann
Published: April 2017

2017/6 Danish Supreme Court holds there is no duty to reassign an employee during the notice period (DK)

In a precedent-setting case, the Danish Supreme Court recently ruled that a pregnant employee under notice, who claimed discrimination because she had not been reassigned to a vacant position that arose during the notice period, was not discriminated against.
2017/8 The importance of complying with the appropriate procedure when unilaterally amending material terms of employment, as an alternative to termination (FI)
Authors: Swanljung Kaj , Nurminen Janne
Published: April 2017

2017/8 The importance of complying with the appropriate procedure when unilaterally amending material terms of employment, as an alternative to termination (FI)

Following consultations with its employees in accordance with the Finnish Codetermination Act (334/2007), a company informed the employees that it would close down its current office premises and move its operations, including all of its employees, to another location. An employee, whose employment contract expressly stipulated the location of the old office as the fixed place of work, refused to transfer and did not arrive at the new place of work after the transfer. The company considered the employee’s absence unjustified and terminated her employment with immediate effect. The Supreme Court held that an employer can, as an alternative to termination of employment, unilaterally amend material terms of employment provided it notifies the employees sufficiently clearly of the terms being amended, the time when the new terms would come into effect, the grounds for termination, and the consequences of not accepting the amendments.
Dos episodios de brujería en la Seu d’Urgell. Primer tercio del siglo XVII
Authors: Xam-mar Alonso Carmen
Published: April 2017

En este artículo analizaremos dos procesos de la justicia ordinaria por brujería de los años 1616 y 1629 hasta ahora desconocidos, que se juzgaron en la curia criminal de la Seu d’Urgell, jurisdicción compartida por la Mitra de Urgell y el Concejo de la ciudad. El objetivo principal de esta investigación es definir a través de los ojos de sus protagonistas los rasgos principales de este fenómeno en la esfera local y el papel relevante que rumores y señalamientos tuvieron en el proceso comunitario de construcción de una bruja y en su condena. Como demostraremos a lo largo de estas páginas, las declaraciones de los testigos perfilaron un modelo de brujería en la línea del tipo «popular» definido por autores como Macfarlane, Briggs, Kieckhefer, Tausiet, Lisón, Rublack, Castell, Pastor, Levack, etc.
Novi Chavarria, Elisa (coord.) (2015). «Ecclesiastici al servizio del Re tra Italia e Spagna (secc. XVI-XVII)», en Dimensioni e problemi della ricerca storica
Authors: Fernández Terricabras Ignasi
Published: April 2017

Novi Chavarria, Elisa (coord.) (2015)«Ecclesiastici al servizio del Re tra Italia e Spagna (secc. XVI-XVII)», en Dimensioni e problemi della ricerca storica Roma: Sapienza Università di Roma - Carocci Editore, 237 p. ISSN 1125-517X
Initial Polish Experience of Flexible 19 Gauge Endobronchial Ultrasound-Guided Transbronchial Needle Aspiration
Authors: Gnass Maciej , Sola Joanna , Filarecka Anna , Orzechowski Stanisław , Kocoń Piotr , Pasieka-Lis Monika , Pankowski Juliusz , Rudnicka Lucyna , Soja Jerzy , Szlubowski Artur
Published: April 2017

Introduction: EBUS is a well established minimally invasive diagnostic tool for mediastinal and hilar lymphadenopathy. The novel ViziShot Flex 19G needle (Olympus Respiratory America, Redmond, WA, USA) was introduced in 2015 in order to improve loaded scope flexion and to obtain larger tissue samples for analysis. The aims of this study were to assess diagnostic yield of Flex 19G needles and to present endoscopist’s feedback about the endobronchial ultrasound-guided transbronchial needle aspiration (EBUS-TBNA). Material and methods: The Flex 19G needles were used in patients with hilar and/or mediastinal adenopathy in two Polish pulmonology centers. Cytology smears and cell blocks (CB) were prepared. The prospective analysis was performed due to collected data. Results: Twenty two selected patients with confirmed adenopathy on chest-CT (mean age 58 ± 12) underwent EBUS-TBNA with use of Flex 19G needles. All procedures occurred to be diagnostic for smears (yield 100%). The malignancy was found in 15 cases (68.2%), and benign adenopathy in 7 (31.8%). In 12 of 14 cases of lung cancer (yield 85.7%) CB were diagnostic for immunohistochemical and molecular staining. After puncturing nodes, especially in hilar position not extensive bleeding was observed. Comparing to standard 21/22G EBUS-TBNA endoscopists underlined better flexion of loaded scope and sample adequacy and found non-significant differences in another biopsy details. Conclusions: The first Polish experience with use of Flex 19G EBUS-TBNA needle occurs to be similar in performance with standard technique with use of 22/21G needles and presents high diagnostic yield for lung cancer diagnostics, especially when preparing CB. A safety profile of the biopsy is acceptable.
Massive Nasal Polyposis in a Patient with Newly Diagnosed Cystic Fibrosis
Authors: Olszowiec-Chlebna Małgorzata , Trzciński Krzysztof , Stelmach Iwona
Published: April 2017

Introduction: Cystic fibrosis (CF)—is the most common fatal autosomal recessive disease in Caucasians. A number of reports have described patients who do not meet diagnostic criteria for cystic fibrosis. Atypical or nonclassic CF is characterised by normal or borderline sweat test, pancreatic sufficiency and a monosymptomatic phenotype. For these reasons clinicians should remain alert to the possibility of the occurrence of CF. Case report: We described a case presentation of massive nasal polyposis and recurrent sinusitis leading to the diagnosis of cystic fibrosis in a 11-year-old male. Conclusion: Our study indicates that chronic sinusitis and/or polyposis should raise the clinicians suspicion of a potential presentation of undiagnosed CF and require further investigations.
CHANGES IN THE POLISH AGRICULTURAL BUDGET FOR 2017
Authors: Czyżewski Andrzej , Matuszczak Anna
Published: April 2017

The purpose of the analyzes was to indicate the quantitative and qualitative changes that took place in the
expenditures of the budgetary act for 2017 in the sections on agriculture, rural development, agricultural markets,
together with the ASIF and the Budget of the European Funds in comparison with the previous year. It is reasonable
to conclude that after many years of relatively consistent national agricultural policy, the legislator’s approach to
financing many agricultural sectors has been noticeable. One may ask whether we are dealing with renationalisation
of expenditure in the National Agricultural Budget, in the condition of a falling pool of funds from the Budget of the
European Funds or not yet.
ROLE OF AGRICULTURAL PROPERTY AGENCY IN PROCESS OF LAND
POLICY IMPLEMENTATION
Authors: Mickiewicz Bartosz , Mickiewicz Antoni
Published: April 2017

The study presents land policy on the background of the functioning of the Agricultural Property Agency. In the years
1992-2015 the Agency realized the basic tasks resulting from the law on the restructuring of the state sector in agriculture.
During that period, the land resources from Agricultural Property of the State Treasure in quantity of 4.7 million hectares,
2.7 million hectares were transferred for sale (56.7%), 0.6 million hectares (13.7%) were committed in a lasting manner.
The disposal of the Agency remains 1.4 million hectares (29.7%), including 1.0 million ha (21.6%) of land being in lease.
In 2003, on the basis of the Act on shaping the agricultural system, Agency got the right of first state refusal, which was
superior to the neighbor preemption. From 643.8 thous. agreements transferring ownership of agricultural property, the
Agency submitted declarations of land acquisition in the 629 cases that concerned the area of 16.7 thous. ha. In 2016
passed a 12-year protection period for the purchase of Polish agricultural land by foreigners. Therefore the new legal
regulations were introduced in 2015, closing access to the purchase of land by foreigners.
YIELDING AND PROFITABILITY OF STARCHY POTATOES CULTIVATION
IN INDIVIDUAL FARM
Authors: Mystkowska Iwona , Zarzecka Krystyna , Baranowska Alicja , Gugała Marek , Doroszuk Andrzej
Published: April 2017

The aim of the study was to present the yield and profitability of starch potato cultivation in an
individual farm in 2014-2015. The data came from a farm located in the village of Nosow, the borough
of Lesna Podlaska, specializing in the production of starch potato cooperating with PPS „PEPEES” in
Lomza. Total yield of tubers of potato starch was higher in 2014, and the production value of 1 ha in
different years was varied and amounted to 10394 and 6717 PLN, respectively. The fluctuations in revenue
in particular years were caused by the crop yield and the price per unit of production. The profitability of
starch potato cultivation depended on the direct costs, particularly the cost of purchasing seed potatoes.
Higher profitability of starch potato was achieved in 2014.
AGRITOURISM AS A FORM OF INCOME DIVERSIFICATION
ON FARMS IN KOŚCIERSKI COUNTY
Authors: Roman Michał , Prus Piotr , Ramczykowska Agnieszka
Published: April 2017

The aim of this study was to explore the potential development of agritourism development in
the Kościerski region as well as farmers’ interest in and satisfaction with this form of income diversification.
The survey was carried out among all farm owners engaging in agritourism activity in the Kościerski
Region (44 persons). The research tool was a questionnaire which included questions to identify the level
of interest and satisfaction of respondents with the agritourism business. The research shows that getting
involved in agritourism represented a real chance to diversify farm income in the Kościerski Region.
The natural and agricultural conditions are conducive, and the farmers are trying to provide an adequate
standard of accommodation and quality services.
AGRICULTURE AND ITS ROLE IN THE ECONOMY OF RUSSIA
Authors: Trunova Svetlana , Chciałowski Marcin , Stolarczyk Paulina , Trębska Paulina
Published: April 2017

The main purpose of the article is to assess the share of agriculture in the national economy of
Russia and the designation of the main factors determining the development of agriculture in this country.
The importance of agriculture in the Russian economy is relatively small, which is a characteristic feature
of developed economies (about 4% of GDP). However, agriculture represents a significant share in the
structure of the employed – 9.2%. The use of agriculture as a food self-sufficiency has become essential
after imposing embargo on imported products. Russia as a country has a large area of land. The surface
of the used agricultural land after the fall in the 90s has stabilised at the level of 800 thous. km2. At the
same time intensified agricultural production has resulted in increase of performance and larger crops. A
significant potential of the land, as well as a progressive technological movement is an opportunity for
the development of agriculture in Russia.
SOURCES OF INFORMATION AS A DETERMINANT OF DEMAND FOR NICHE PRODUCTS OF RURAL TOURISM
Authors: Zawadka Jan
Published: April 2017

The purpose of the paper was to present the essence of tourism demand and its determinants, as well as to present the effect of information on knowledge and popularity of niche products of rural tourism, for example products of a culinary. The survey included 830 respondents. Awareness of the existence and popularity of the analyzed products was relatively small. It should be noted, however, that the promotion and information activities aimed at promoting them were perceived by the respondents. Dynamising them and giving them a recurring character would contribute to a greater interest by the visitors.
THE IMPACT OF RENEWABLE ENERGY SOURCES ON THE ENVIRONMENT
IN THE OPINION OF COUNTY RESIDENTS CHOJNICKI
Authors: Wielewska Izabela
Published: April 2017

The aim of the study was to present issues of the environmental effects of renewable energy sources. Research was conducted
in July 2016 among 269 inhabitants of rural areas of the Chojnice district. A diagnostic survey was employed as the research
method. The research showed that renewable energy sources have a positive impact on the environment, and that environmental
hazards are not as great as those of conventional energy production. According to the respondents, the greatest environmental
damage in the field of RES is related to landscape changes.
Laparoscopic colorectal surgery for colorectal polyps: experience of ten years
Authors: Dulskas Audrius , Kuliešius Žygimantas , Samalavičius Narimantas E.
Published: April 2017

Background. Laparoscopy or its combination with endoscopy is the  next step for “difficult” polyps. The  purpose of the  paper was to review the outcomes of the laparoscopic approach to the management of “difficult” colorectal polyps.
Materials and methods. From 2006 to 2016, 58 patients who underwent laparoscopic treatment for “difficult” polyps that could not be treated by endoscopy at the National Cancer Institute, Lithuania, were included. The demographic data, the type of surgery, length of post-operative stay, complications, and final pathology were reviewed prospectively.
Results. The mean patient was 65.9 ± 8.9 years of age. Laparoscopic mobilization of the colonic segment and colotomy with removal of the polyp was performed in 15 (25.9%) patients, laparoscopic segmental bowel resection in 41 (70.7%) cases: anterior rectal resection with partial total mesorectal excision in 18 (31.0%), sigmoid resection in nine (15.5%), left hemicolectomy in seven (12.1%), right hemicolectomies in two (3.4%), ileocecal resection in two (3.4%), resection of transverse colon in two (3.4%), and sigmoid resection with transanal retrieval of specimen in one (1.7%). Two patients (3.4%) underwent laparoscopicassisted endoscopic polypectomy. The  mean post-operative hospital stay was 5.7 ± 2.4 days. There were four complications (6.9%). All patients recovered after conservative treatment. The mean polyp size was 3.5 ± 1.9 cm. Final histopathology revealed hyperplastic polyps (n = 2), tubular adenoma (n = 9), tubulovillous adenoma (n = 31), carcinoma in situ (n = 12), and invasive cancer (n = 4).
Conclusions. For the management of endoscopically unresectable polyps, laparoscopic surgery is currently the technique of choice.
Analysis of prognostic factors for melanoma patients
Authors: Lideikaitė Andrė , Mozūraitienė Julija , Letautienė Simona
Published: April 2017

Introduction. Melanoma is the most dangerous form of skin cancer. Morbidity from melanoma is increasing every year. Previous studies have revealed that there are some demographic and clinical factors having effect on melanoma survival prognosis.
Aim of the study. Purpose of our study was to assess melanoma survival depending on prognostic factors, such as age, sex, stage, depth, histology and anatomical site.
Materials and methods. We investigated melanoma-specific survival up to 10 years in 85 primary cases of melanoma from diagnosis at the National Cancer Institute in 2006. Analysis was performed for one-, five-, and ten-year survival. The data were processed with Microsoft Excel, data analysis was conducted using SPSS® software.
Results. Melanomas diagnosed at stage IV or thicker than 4.00 mm had lower survival (five-year survival: 12.5% and 26.66%, respectively). A significant survival difference was observed among the different stages (p = 0.003) and different depths (p = 0.049) of melanoma. Ten-year survival was 32% for men and 61% for women, but melanoma-specific survival dependent on sex did not have a statistically significant difference (p = 0.121). In persons diagnosed at the age of 65 or older, ten-year survival was lower than in those of 40–64 years of age and in the  age group of 15–39 years (44.44% and 26.66%, respectively), but melanoma-specific survival in different age groups did not have a statistically significant difference (p = 0.455). Back/breast skin melanoma had lower ten-year survival (37.03%) than other anatomic sites. Nodular melanoma had the poorest five-year and ten-year melanoma-specific survival among histological subtypes (51.67% and 38.75%). The differences between melanoma localizations (p = 0.457) and histological types (p = 0.364) were not statistically significant.
Conclusions. Lower melanoma-specific survival rates were observed among patients diagnosed at a late stage, older age, and when melanomas were thicker than 4.00 mm. Female and younger patients had better melanoma-specific survival than men and older people, and these differences were statistically significant. Melanoma diagnosed at an early stage and of a  small depth had higher survival rates. Back/breast skin melanoma had poorer prognosis than other anatomic sites. Nodular melanoma had the  lowest melanoma-specific survival, while superficial spreading or lentigo maligna had the best prognosis among histological subtypes. However, differences in melanoma survival in different sex and age groups, localizations and histological types were not statistically significant.
Hemofagocitinė limfohistiocitozė: literatūros apžvalga
Authors: Bereikienė Simona , Rascon Jelena
Published: April 2017

Hemofagocitinė limfohistiocitozė  –  tai sindromas, besivystantis dėl sutrikusios imuninio atsako aktyvacijos ir slopinimo pusiausvyros. Išskiriama pirminė (genetinė arba šeiminė) sindromo forma, nulemta genų, dalyvaujančių imuninių ląstelių sąveikoje, mutacijų; ir antrinė (sporadinė) forma, besivystanti dėl infekcijos, navikinio, autoimuninio proceso ar metabolinių sutrikimų. Antrinės hemofagocitinės limfohistiocitozės genetinis pagrindas kol kas nežinomas. Pirminei ir antrinei formoms būdingas toks pats specifinis hiperuždegiminių reakcijų bei klinikinių simptomų kompleksas, kuriuo grindžiama patologijos diagnostika. Tačiau pirminės ir antrinės formų atskyrimas dažnai tampa iššūkiu dėl patologijos retumo, plataus klinikinių požymių spektro, dėl riboto specifinių testų prieinamumo ir, svarbiausia, gydymo taktikos ypatumų. Etiopatogenetinis pirminės formos gydymas yra skubi alogeninė kraujodaros kamieninių ląstelių transplantacija, be kurios išeitis neišvengiamai fatali. Antrinės formos gydymas priklauso nuo klinikinės išraiškos ir ją sukėlusios infekcijos pobūdžio. Labai svarbi laiku atlikta diagnostika norint kuo skubiau pradėti tinkamą gydymą bei pagerinti išgyvenamumą. Hemofagocitinės limfohistiocitozės gydymą komplikuoja didelis su gydymu susijęs mirtingumo dažnis bei ligos polinkis recidyvuoti.
Reconfigurer l’action enseignante pour la (re) découvrir : traces du répertoire didactique évolutif
Authors: Cicurel Francine
Published: April 2017

Cette étude se propose d’interroger les fondements théoriques et épistémologiques d’une pratique de recherche qui suscite la production d’un commentaire oral et spontané d’enseignants placés devant le visionnement de leur propre action d’enseignement. Sur quels indices s’appuie le chercheur pour pouvoir conférer à ces discours la capacité de dévoiler quelque chose ayant trait au rapport entre discours, action et pensée enseignante ? Pour aborder cette question, on proposera de s’attacher plus particulièrement à des incidents de planification, moments d’accroc, de dilemmes, de regrets où selon l’expression de Schütz (1998), l’enseignant affronte « un monde n’allant pas de soi ». Nous pensons ici à des séquences de corpus où se jouent des rapports au savoir, aux occasions manquées ou à prendre au vol. Dans ces moments de fracture apparaissent des indices d’un répertoire didactique en évolution. Ce qui nous conduira à nous interroger sur les discours d’autoconfrontations comme matériau textuel dont l’étude renseigne sur la construction des savoirs professionnels et leur évolution.
Discours académiques et discours professionnels : positionnement et savoirs des enseignants en formation
Authors: Dobrowolska Dominika , Balslev Kristine , Tominska Edyta , Mosquera Santiago , Vanhulle Sabine
Published: April 2017

L’une des voies proposées pour former des enseignants réflexifs, consiste à amener les formés à problématiser ou analyser les actions menées en classe à l’aune d’apports théoriques de la formation académique dans des cadres formalisés. Ceci est notamment le cas pour les entretiens tripartites de stage, qui se situent à l’intersection du monde professionnel et du monde académique. Dans ce cadre, les formés produisent des discours complexes dans lesquels ils se positionnent, se réfèrent à de savoirs multiples, tout en décrivant et analysant le travail effectué en stage. Considérant que l’analyse de ces discours éclaire une part du développement professionnel, cette contribution regarde de près ce qui se joue et s’apprend dans ces entretiens. En comparant l’évolution des problématiques professionnelles de deux enseignants en formation, les résultats portent sur trois éléments clés : le positionnement qu’adopte l’EF par rapport à ce qu’il dit et à ses interlocuteurs, la manière dont il intègre les éléments théoriques de la formation dans son discours, et la façon dont il met en récit les situations de travail et les événements vécus en stage. Ils mettent notamment en évidence différentes manières d’analyser les pratiques de stage correspondant à deux formes de discours : une forme académique et une forme professionnelle.
Entrevista a Pablo Muchnik (Emerson College)
Authors: Moledo Fernando
Published: April 2017

Entrevista a Pablo Muchnik (Emerson College)
Variation in olfactory neuron repertoires is genetically controlled and environmentally modulated
Authors: Ibarra-Soria Ximena , Nakahara Thiago S , Lilue Jingtao , Jiang Yue , Trimmer Casey , Souza Mateus AA , Netto Paulo HM , Ikegami Kentaro , Murphy Nicolle R , Kusma Mairi , Kirton Andrea , Saraiva Luis R , Keane Thomas M , Matsunami Hiroaki , Mainland Joel , Papes Fabio , Logan Darren W
Published: April 2017

The mouse olfactory sensory neuron (OSN) repertoire is composed of 10 million cells and each expresses one olfactory receptor (OR) gene from a pool of over 1000. Thus, the nose is sub-stratified into more than a thousand OSN subtypes. Here, we employ and validate an RNA-sequencing-based method to quantify the abundance of all OSN subtypes in parallel, and investigate the genetic and environmental factors that contribute to neuronal diversity. We find that the OSN subtype distribution is stereotyped in genetically identical mice, but varies extensively between different strains. Further, we identify cis-acting genetic variation as the greatest component influencing OSN composition and demonstrate independence from OR function. However, we show that olfactory stimulation with particular odorants results in modulation of dozens of OSN subtypes in a subtle but reproducible, specific and time-dependent manner. Together, these mechanisms generate a highly individualized olfactory sensory system by promoting neuronal diversity.
Dual interaction of scaffold protein Tim44 of mitochondrial import motor with channel-forming translocase subunit Tim23
Authors: Ting See-Yeun , Yan Nicholas L , Schilke Brenda A , Craig Elizabeth A
Published: April 2017

Proteins destined for the mitochondrial matrix are targeted to the inner membrane Tim17/23 translocon by their presequences. Inward movement is driven by the matrix-localized, Hsp70-based motor. The scaffold Tim44, interacting with the matrix face of the translocon, recruits other motor subunits and binds incoming presequence. The basis of these interactions and their functional relationships remains unclear. Using site-specific in vivo crosslinking and genetic approaches in Saccharomyces cerevisiae, we found that both domains of Tim44 interact with the major matrix-exposed loop of Tim23, with the C-terminal domain (CTD) binding Tim17 as well. Results of in vitro experiments showed that the N-terminal domain (NTD) is intrinsically disordered and binds presequence near a region important for interaction with Hsp70 and Tim23. Our data suggest a model in which the CTD serves primarily to anchor Tim44 to the translocon, whereas the NTD is a dynamic arm, interacting with multiple components to drive efficient translocation.
Accumulation and expression of multiple antibiotic resistance genes in Arcobacter cryaerophilus that thrives in sewage
Authors: Millar Jess A. , Raghavan Rahul
Published: April 2017

We explored the bacterial diversity of untreated sewage influent samples of a wastewater treatment plant in Tucson, AZ and discovered that Arcobacter cryaerophilus, an emerging human pathogen of animal origin, was the most dominant bacterium. The other highly prevalent bacteria were members of the phyla Bacteroidetes and Firmicutes, which are major constituents of human gut microbiome, indicating that bacteria of human and animal origin intermingle in sewage. By assembling a near-complete genome of A. cryaerophilus, we show that the bacterium has accumulated a large number of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) probably enabling it to thrive in the wastewater. We also determined that a majority of ARGs was being expressed in sewage, suggestive of trace levels of antibiotics or other stresses that could act as a selective force that amplifies multidrug resistant bacteria in municipal sewage. Because all bacteria are not eliminated even after several rounds of wastewater treatment, ARGs in sewage could affect public health due to their potential to contaminate environmental water.
Amundsen and Bellingshausen Seas simulation with optimized ocean, sea ice, and thermodynamic ice shelf model parameters
Authors: Nakayama Y. , Menemenlis D. , Schodlok M. , Rignot E.
Published: April 2017

Recent studies suggest that the thickness of Winter Water (WW), that is, water with potential temperature below ∼−1°C located below Antarctic Surface Water and above Circumpolar Deep Water (CDW) is critical in determining the ice shelf melt rate, especially for the Pine Island Glacier (PIG). Existing model studies, however, misrepresent WW thickness and properties in the Amundsen Sea (AS). Here, we adjust a small number of model parameters in a regional Amundsen and Bellingshausen Seas configuration of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology general circulation model in order to reproduce properties and thickness of WW and CDW close to observations, with significant improvement for WW compared to previous studies. The cost, which is defined as weighted model‐data difference squared, is reduced by 23%. Although a previous modeling study points out that the local surface heat loss upstream from Pine Island Polynya could be the reason for the observed 2012 PIG melt decline and WW thickening, they did not show WW freshening, which was observed at the same time. Model sensitivity experiments for surface heat loss, PIG melt rate, and precipitation fail to replicate WW freshening concurrent with PIG melt decline, implying that these processes cannot fully explain the observed PIG melt decrease.
Spatial patterns of mixing in the Solomon Sea
Authors: Alberty M. S. , Sprintall J. , MacKinnon J. , Ganachaud A. , Cravatte S. , Eldin G. , Germineaud C. , Melet A.
Published: April 2017

The Solomon Sea is a marginal sea in the southwest Pacific that connects subtropical and equatorial circulation, constricting transport of South Pacific Subtropical Mode Water and Antarctic Intermediate Water through its deep, narrow channels. Marginal sea topography inhibits internal waves from propagating out and into the open ocean, making these regions hot spots for energy dissipation and mixing. Data from two hydrographic cruises and from Argo profiles are employed to indirectly infer mixing from observations for the first time in the Solomon Sea. Thorpe and finescale methods indirectly estimate the rate of dissipation of kinetic energy (ϵ) and indicate that it is maximum in the surface and thermocline layers and decreases by 2–3 orders of magnitude by 2000 m depth. Estimates of diapycnal diffusivity from the observations and a simple diffusive model agree in magnitude but have different depth structures, likely reflecting the combined influence of both diapycnal mixing and isopycnal stirring. Spatial variability of ϵ is large, spanning at least 2 orders of magnitude within isopycnal layers. Seasonal variability of ϵ reflects regional monsoonal changes in large‐scale oceanic and atmospheric conditions with ϵ increased in July and decreased in March. Finally, tide power input and topographic roughness are well correlated with mean spatial patterns of mixing within intermediate and deep isopycnals but are not clearly correlated with thermocline mixing patterns.
Broadband optical properties of biomass‐burning aerosol and identification of brown carbon chromophores
Authors: Bluvshtein Nir , Lin Peng , Flores J. Michel , Segev Lior , Mazar Yinon , Tas Eran , Snider Graydon , Weagle Crystal , Brown Steven S. , Laskin Alexander , Rudich Yinon
Published: April 2017

The radiative effects of biomass‐burning aerosols on regional and global scales can be substantial. Accurate modeling of the radiative effects of smoke aerosols requires wavelength‐dependent measurements and parameterizations of their optical properties in the UV and visible spectral ranges along with improved description of their chemical composition. To address this issue, we used a recently developed approach to retrieve the time‐ and spectral‐dependent optical properties of ambient biomass‐burning aerosols from 300 to 650 nm wavelengths during a regional nighttime bonfire festival in Israel. During the biomass burning event, the overall absorption at 400 nm increased by about 2 orders of magnitude, changing the single scattering albedo from a background level of 0.95 to 0.7. Based on the new retrieval method, we provide parameterizations of the wavelength‐dependent effective complex refractive index from 350 to 650 nm for freshly emitted and slightly aged biomass‐burning aerosols. In addition, PM2.5 filter samples were collected for detailed offline chemical analysis of the water‐soluble organics that contribute to light absorption. Nitroaromatics were identified as major organic species responsible for the increased absorption at 400 to 500 nm. Typical chromophores include 4‐nitrocatechol, 4‐nitrophenol, nitrosyringol, and nitroguaiacol; oxidation‐nitration products of methoxyphenols; and known products of lignin pyrolysis. Our findings emphasize the importance of both primary and secondary organic aerosols from biomass burning in absorption of solar radiation and in effective radiative forcing.
Concentration‐discharge relationships in headwater streams of the Sierra Nevada, California
Authors: Hunsaker Carolyn T. , Johnson Dale W.
Published: April 2017

We examined stream water concentration‐discharge relationships for eight small, forest watersheds ranging in elevation from 1485 to 2465 m in the southern Sierra Nevada. These headwater streams revealed nearly chemostatic behavior by current definitions for K+, Ca2+, Mg2+, Na+, Cl–, and
in most cases but not for
,
, or ortho‐P. The latter ions were somewhat enriched during high flows. All ions studied showed a dilution process at lower flows (<50 L s−1) with the concentration‐discharge relationship being more chemostatic at higher flows. While previous studies in the Sierra Nevada have reported peak concentrations of
,
, and
during snowmelt, the headwater systems of the Kings River Experimental Watersheds experience peak concentrations of these ions during the fall rains after the dry summer. These forested watersheds span the rain‐snow transition zone, are 49–228 ha in size, and have soils derived from granite. A statistically significant relationship between soils and stream water concentrations for ortho‐P, Ca2+, and Na+ strongly suggests that soil chemistry has a major influence on stream water chemistry. Factors controlling stream water
,
, and
concentrations are less clear, but one possible source of spikes in these ions during storm events is input from O‐horizon runoff where high concentrations were measured. Overall, stream water concentration‐discharge relationships for these Sierran watersheds are similar to those found in other watershed systems (nearly chemostatic); however, the dominant processes controlling these relationships are probably localized because of different watershed characteristics like soil chemistry, vegetation cover, hydrologic flow paths, and weather patterns.
Inferring reservoir operating patterns across the Mekong Basin using only space observations
Authors: Bonnema Matthew , Hossain Faisal
Published: April 2017

This study explores the operating pattern of artificial reservoirs by examining their impact on streamflow through two parameters, residence time and flow alteration, using a purely satellite‐based technique for the Mekong Basin. Overall residence times of individual reservoirs ranged from 0.09 to 4.04 years, while streamflow was altered between 11 and 130% of its natural variability. The current set of reservoirs appears to have increased the residence time of the entire Mekong basin by about 1 month. However, if subbasin variability is considered, the satellite‐based method depicts a different picture. Residence time increases to 4 months when only regulated flows are considered. If low residence time reservoirs on major rivers are excluded and reservoirs on higher stream‐order rivers considered, residence time increases to 1.3 years. Predictable strong seasonal patterns emerged in residence time, where reservoirs experience higher residence time in the dry season and lower residence time in the wet season and residence time varies inversely with precipitation. High variability in reservoir effects on streamflow between reservoirs could not be explained by any reservoir properties (e.g., size, use, location, etc.), highlighting the variability in the human decisions operating these reservoirs. The take‐home message of this study is that satellite observations, in combination with physical models forced with satellite data, can elucidate the spatiotemporal variability of reservoir behavior in ungauged basins of the developing world. We demonstrate in this study that the requirement for ground data to monitor current or historical behavior of dams is not necessary.
Targeted ocean sampling guidance for tropical cyclones
Authors: Chen Sue , Cummings James A. , Schmidt Jerome M. , Sanabia Elizabeth R. , Jayne Steven R.
Published: April 2017

A 3‐D variational ocean data assimilation adjoint approach is used to examine the impact of ocean observations on coupled tropical cyclone (TC) model forecast error for three recent hurricanes: Isaac (2012), Hilda (2015), and Matthew (2016). In addition, this methodology is applied to develop an innovative ocean observation targeting tool validated using TC model simulations that assimilate ocean temperature observed by Airborne eXpendable Bathy Thermographs and Air‐Launched Autonomous Micro‐Observer floats. Comparison between the simulated targeted and real observation data assimilation impacts reveals a positive maximum mean linear correlation of 0.53 at 400–500 m, which implies some skill in the targeting application. Targeted ocean observation regions from these three hurricanes, however, show that the largest positive impacts in reducing the TC model forecast errors are sensitive to the initial prestorm ocean conditions such as the location and magnitude of preexisting ocean eddies, storm‐induced ocean cold wake, and model track errors.