bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Relation of transverse compression properties and the degree of brown rot biodeterioration of Pinus glabra in the soil block test
Authors: Janzen Steve , Nicholas Darrel D.
Published: October 2016

Improved methods are needed for detecting and quantifying the effect of decay fungi on wood products. The focus of the present paper is a soil block decay test with exposure to the brown rot fungus Gloeophyllum
trabeum, where the changes in elasticity and strength were compared in both the radial and tangential directions as a function of the decay degree. The stress-strain analysis was employed by a transverse compression (transC) testing technique in which a load was applied over the specimen’s tangential or radial surface. It was found that early effects of decay were detected in either direction of loading, but the overall reduction in elasticity and compression strength after 7 days of exposure to the fungus was approximately two times greater in the radial direction. This difference is interpreted that decay occurs mainly in the earlywood (EW). Significant strength loss at 5% compression was detected after 2 days of exposure to the fungus. However, 3 days of exposure was required before significant strength loss was evident as a result of the reduction in modulus of elasticity (MOE) or mass loss (ML). In comparison to ML, the compression strength loss was found to be a more sensitive measure of wood decay.
The “Christian Spirit” of Capitalism and the Protestant Reformation, between Structuralist Analysis and Historical Evidence
Authors: Plopeanu Aurelian-Petruș
Published: October 2016

For many reasons, it is true that the Protestant Reformation unleashed the forces that lay behind the emergence of capitalism. Such a system was compatible with the emancipation of individuals, their mentalities, due to specific societal reforms and transformations. Therefore, it gave birth, in an unprecedented way, to a “new form of capitalism”. But the main idea I want to stress in this article is that the capitalist ethos was present before the Reformation, many centuries ago, in what is called now the “Christian spirit”. In this direction, I emphasize many theories which disagree with the Weber’s well-known thesis about the relation between capitalism and religion, especially when it comes to generalize a particular result that is both theologically vague and empirically disprovable.
The influence of non-stationarity in extreme hydrological events on flood frequency estimation
Authors: Šraj Mojca , Viglione Alberto , Parajka Juraj , Blöschl Günter
Published: October 2016

Substantial evidence shows that the frequency of hydrological extremes has been changing and is likely to continue to change in the near future. Non-stationary models for flood frequency analyses are one method of accounting for these changes in estimating design values. The objective of the present study is to compare four models in terms of goodness of fit, their uncertainties, the parameter estimation methods and the implications for estimating flood quantiles. Stationary and non-stationary models using the GEV distribution were considered, with parameters dependent on time and on annual precipitation. Furthermore, in order to study the influence of the parameter estimation approach on the results, the maximum likelihood (MLE) and Bayesian Monte Carlo Markov chain (MCMC) methods were compared. The methods were tested for two gauging stations in Slovenia that exhibit significantly increasing trends in annual maximum (AM) discharge series. The comparison of the models suggests that the stationary model tends to underestimate flood quantiles relative to the non-stationary models in recent years. The model with annual precipitation as a covariate exhibits the best goodness-of-fit performance. For a 10% increase in annual precipitation, the 10-year flood increases by 8%. Use of the model for design purposes requires scenarios of future annual precipitation. It is argued that these may be obtained more reliably than scenarios of extreme event precipitation which makes the proposed model more practically useful than alternative models.
Towards periodic and time-referenced flood risk assessment using airborne remote sensing
Authors: Brenner Claire , Meisch Claude , Apperl Benjamin , Schulz Karsten
Published: October 2016

Flood risk management is founded on the regular assessment of damage potential. A significant parameter for assessing damage potential is the number of at-risk objects. However, data sets on exposure are often incomplete and/or lack time-references. Airborne remote sensing data, such as orthophotos, offers a regularly-updated, time-referenced depiction of land use. As such, remote sensing data compensates for incomplete data sources (such as digital cadastral maps). Orthophotos can even be used to analyze the temporal dynamics of flood damage potential, providing that time-referenced information is available for multiple time points. This paper describes a method for integrating orthophotos into flood risk analyses. In Austria, orthophotos are updated every three years, allowing their integration into cyclical flood risk assessments. The results of a case study presented in this paper demonstrate that orthophotos are most useful where other data sources, such as digital cadastral maps, are incomplete. In such situations, orthophotos lead to a significant increase in estimated damage potential. Orthophoto analysis allows damage potentials to be re-assessed at regular intervals, another major advantage over digital cadastral maps. Orthophoto analysis thus supports the evaluation of flood risk management options.
Effect of river training on flood retention of the Bavarian Danube
Authors: Skublics Daniel , Blöschl Günter , Rutschmann Peter
Published: October 2016

The Bavarian Danube River has experienced numerous large flood events in recent years which make flood management an urgent matter. The propagation of flood waves along the river is heavily influenced by controlled and natural flood retention. Over the past centuries, natural flood retention areas were lost due to river training, and the hydraulic characteristics of the channel-flood plain system were modified. The purpose of this paper is to understand the effect of river training on the flood retention characteristics along the Bavarian Danube. Systematic two-dimensional hydrodynamic modelling shows that extreme floods are attenuated more strongly in the present state of the channel-flood plain system than they were historically. This is because the retention areas are filled later during the event, so the attenuation effect is much larger for the same magnitude of the retention volume. Natural flood retention is therefore not an effective management option for reducing extreme floods on the Bavarian Danube. Controlled flood retention measures provide a higher efficiency regarding peak attenuation to retention volume ratio. On the other hand, the delay of flood peaks due to natural retention may be beneficial for the superposition of the flood waves with contributions from downstream tributaries.
Post-event analysis and flash flood hydrology in Slovakia
Authors: Hlavčová Kamila , Kohnová Silvia , Borga Marco , Horvát Oliver , Šťastný Pavel , Pekárová Pavla , Majerčáková Oľga , Danáčová Zuzana
Published: October 2016

This work examines the main features of the flash flood regime in Central Europe as revealed by an analysis of flash floods that have occurred in Slovakia. The work is organized into the following two parts: The first part focuses on estimating the rainfall-runoff relationships for 3 major flash flood events, which were among the most severe events since 1998 and caused a loss of lives and a large amount of damage. The selected flash floods occurred on the 20th of July, 1998, in the Malá Svinka and Dubovický Creek basins; the 24th of July, 2001, at Štrbský Creek; and the 19th of June, 2004, at Turniansky Creek. The analysis aims to assess the flash flood peaks and rainfall-runoff properties by combining post-flood surveys and the application of hydrological and hydraulic post-event analyses. Next, a spatially-distributed hydrological model based on the availability of the raster information of the landscape’s topography, soil and vegetation properties, and rainfall data was used to simulate the runoff. The results from the application of the distributed hydrological model were used to analyse the consistency of the surveyed peak discharges with respect to the estimated rainfall properties and drainage basins. In the second part these data were combined with observations from flash flood events which were observed during the last 100 years and are focused on an analysis of the relationship between the flood peaks and the catchment area. The envelope curve was shown to exhibit a more pronounced decrease with the catchment size with respect to other flash flood relationships found in the Mediterranean region. The differences between the two relationships mainly reflect changes in the coverage of the storm sizes and hydrological characteristics between the two regions.
Hydrological simulation of flood transformations in the upper Danube River: Case study of large flood events
Authors: Mitková Veronika Bačová , Pekárová Pavla , Miklánek Pavol , Pekár Ján
Published: October 2016

The problem of understand natural processes as factors that restrict, limit or even jeopardize the interests of human society is currently of great concern. The natural transformation of flood waves is increasingly affected and disturbed by artificial interventions in river basins. The Danube River basin is an area of high economic and water management importance. Channel training can result in changes in the transformation of flood waves and different hydrographic shapes of flood waves compared with the past. The estimation and evolution of the transformation of historical flood waves under recent river conditions is only possible by model simulations. For this purpose a nonlinear reservoir cascade model was constructed. The NLN-Danube nonlinear reservoir river model was used to simulate the transformation of flood waves in four sections of the Danube River from Kienstock (Austria) to Štúrovo (Slovakia) under relatively recent river reach conditions. The model was individually calibrated for two extreme events in August 2002 and June 2013. Some floods that occurred on the Danube during the period of 1991–2002 were used for the validation of the model. The model was used to identify changes in the transformational properties of the Danube channel in the selected river reach for some historical summer floods (1899, 1954 1965 and 1975). Finally, a simulation of flood wave propagation of the most destructive Danube flood of the last millennium (August 1501) is discussed.
Assessment and classification of hydromorphological state of the Breń River
Authors: Borek Łukasz
Published: October 2016

The paper presents the classification of the hydromorphological condition of the Breń River according to the River Habitat Survey (RHS). The research of the hydromorphological assessment of the Breń River, which is a right-bank tributary of the Vistula River and almost entirely flows through the area of the Dąbrowa Tarnowska district was conducted in June 2015. The research sites were situated on the border of the Tarnów Plateau and the Vistula Lowland. The Breń River in these sections flows through rural areas used for agricultural purposes with low-density housing. The analysis of qualitative parameters describing the morphological characteristics were based on two synthetic indices of stream quality: Habitat Quality Assesment (HQA) and Habitat Modification Score (HMS). The calculated numerical values of the two indices proved that the sections of the Breń River correspond with the third and fifth class, which means a moderate (III) and very bad (V) hydromorphological condition.
Comparative analysis of the quality of sewage discharged from selected agglomeration sewerage systems
Authors: Chmielowski Krzysztof , Bugajski Piotr , Kaczor Grzegorz B.
Published: October 2016

The study provides a comparative analysis of the quality of sewage discharged from selected sewerage systems. The analyzed data were collected from 10 agglomeration sewerage systems discharging sewage into collective wastewater treatment plants (WTP). The investigated pollution indicators included BOD5, CODCr, total suspended solids and biogenic indicators such as total nitrogen and total phosphorus. These results were compared with the outcomes reported in commonly available research papers on sewage disposal. Considering the concentration of individual pollution indicators, more detailed categories of sewage pollution were adopted in this work. The sewage was divided into five basic groups: I – highly concentrated, II – concentrated, III – moderately concentrated, IV – diluted, and V – highly diluted. The sewage categories accounted for the following pollution indicators: BOD5, CODCr, total suspended solids, total phosphorus and total nitrogen. Mean BOD5, CODCr and total suspended solids in raw sewage were higher than average values reported in the referenced literature. Contrary to that, concentration of total phosphorus in raw sewage was significantly lower than reported by other authors. The outcomes of this study suggest that the predictions concerning pollution degree of raw sewage made at WTP design stage should not be based exclusively on general values provided in literature reports.
Time series analysis of reference crop evapotranspiration for Bokaro District, Jharkhand, India
Authors: Gautam Ratnesh , Sinha Anand K.
Published: October 2016

Evapotranspiration is the one of the major role playing element in water cycle. More accurate measurement and forecasting of Evapotranspiration would enable more efficient water resources management. This study, is therefore, particularly focused on evapotranspiration modelling and forecasting, since forecasting would provide better information for optimal water resources management. There are numerous techniques of evapotranspiration forecasting that include autoregressive (AR) and moving average (MA), autoregressive moving average (ARMA), autoregressive integrated moving average (ARIMA), Thomas Feiring, etc. Out of these models ARIMA model has been found to be more suitable for analysis and forecasting of hydrological events. Therefore, in this study ARIMA models have been used for forecasting of mean monthly reference crop evapotranspiration by stochastic analysis. The data series of 102 years i.e. 1224 months of Bokaro District were used for analysis and forecasting. Different order of ARIMA model was selected on the basis of autocorrelation function (ACF) and partial autocorrelation (PACF) of data series. Maximum likelihood method was used for determining the parameters of the models. To see the statistical parameter of model, best fitted model is ARIMA (0, 1, 4) (0, 1, 1)12.
Assessment of dam construction impact on hydrological regime changes in lowland river – A case of study: the Stare Miasto reservoir located on the Powa River
Authors: Sojka Mariusz , Jaskuła Joanna , Wicher-Dysarz Joanna , Dysarz Tomasz
Published: October 2016

The purpose of the presented research is analysis and assessment of the Stare Miasto reservoir impact on the hydrological regime changes of the Powa River. The reservoir was built in 2006 and is located in the central part of Poland. The total area of inundation in normal conditions is 90.68 ha and its capacity is 2.159 mln m3. Hydrological regime alteration of the Powa River is analysed on the basis of daily flows from the Posoka gauge station observed during period 1974–2014. Assessment of hydrological regime changes is carried out on the basis of Range of Variability Approach (RVA) method. All calculations are made by means of Indicators of Hydrologic Alteration (IHA) software version 7.1.0.10. The analysis shows that the Stare Miasto reservoir has a moderate impact on hydrological regime of the Powa River. Construction of the reservoir has positive effect on stability of minimal flows, which are important for protection of river ecosystems. The results obtained indicate that the Stare Miasto reservoir reduces a spring peak flow and enables to moderate control of floods.
Dispersion properties of Kolakoski-cladding hollow-core nanophotonic Bragg waveguide
Authors: Fesenko Volodymyr I. , Tuz Vladimir R. , Shulika Oleksiy V. , Sukhoivanov Igor A.
Published: October 2016

A comprehensive analysis of guided modes of a novel type of a planar Bragg reflection waveguide that consists of a low refractive index guiding layer sandwiched between two finite aperiodic mirrors is presented. The layers in the mirrors are aperiodically arranged according to the Kolakoski substitution rule. In such a waveguide, light is confined inside the core by Bragg reflection, while dispersion characteristics of guided modes strongly depend on aperiodicity of the cladding. Using the transfer matrix formalism bandgap conditions, dispersion characteristics and mode profiles of the guided modes of such a waveguide are studied on the GaAs/AlAs and Si/SiO2 epitaxial platforms, which are compatible with hybrid and heteroepitaxial frameworks of silicon photonics.
Reformed Confessions and Scholasticism. Diversity and Harmony
Authors: Beck Andreas J.
Published: October 2016

This paper discusses the complex relationship of Reformed confessions and Reformed orthodox scholasticism. It is argued that Reformed confessions differ in genre and method from Reformed scholastic works, although such differences between confessional and scholastic language should not be mistaken for representing different doctrines that are no longer in harmony with each other. What is more, it is precisely the scholastic background and training of the authors of such confessions that enabled them to place their confessional writings in the broader catholic tradition of the Christian church and to include patristic and medieval theological insights. Thus proper attention to their scholastic background helps to see that at least in some confessions the doctrine of predestination, for instance, is not as ‘rigid’ as one might think at first sight. In order to demonstrate that the doctrine of the Reformed confessions was much in line with the scholastic theology of Reformed orthodoxy, this paper discusses, after having explained the terms ‘Reformed orthodoxy’ and ‘scholasticism’, the early Reformed scholastic theologians Beza, Zanchi, and Ursinus, who also have written confessional texts. The paper also includes a more detailed discussion of theBelgic Confessionand the scholastic background of the Canons of Dordt and theWestminster Confession, thereby focusing on the doctrines of God, providence, and predestination.
Reformed Orthodoxy on Imputation. Active and Passive Justification
Authors: Fesko John V.
Published: October 2016

The doctrine of imputation is common to Early Modern Lutheran and Reformed theology, but Reformed orthodox theologians employed the distinction between the active and passive justification of the believer. Active justification is the objective imputation of Christ’s righteousness and passive justification is the subjective reception of the same. This distinction is a unique contribution in Reformed orthodox dogmatics and was used in polemics against Roman Catholic, Arminian, and Socinian theologians. This essay also compares Reformed orthodox formulations with Lutheran orthodox understandings of how they preserved theextra nosof Christ’s righteousness in justification. The Reformed orthodox employed the active-passive justification distinction in conjunction with the decree and the doctrine of the covenant of redemption, whereas the Lutheran orthodox logically placed justification first in the order of salvation. Both groups maintain theextra nosof Christ’s imputed righteousness but do so in different ways.
The Relevance of Reformed Scholasticism for Contemporary Systematic Theology
Authors: te Velde Dolf
Published: October 2016

This article examines how Reformed scholasticism can be relevant for systematic theology today. ‘Reformed Scholasticism’ denotes the academic practice in which the doctrines of the Reformation are expounded, explained, and defended. It is primarily a method and attitude in search of the truth, based on a careful reading of Scripture, drawing on patristic and medieval traditions, and interacting with philosophy and other academic disciplines. In addition to these methodological features, important contributions on various doctrinal topics can be discovered. The doctrine of God has a foundational role in the sense that God is the primary subject of the other topics (creation, salvation, etc.). Reformed scholastic theology not only examines God’s inner essence, but also the concrete relation and operation of God toward his world. In a Trinitarian understanding of God’s essence, a distinction is maintained between God’s immanent relatedness as three divine Persons, and his outward relation to created reality. The doctrines of creation and providence gave occasion for Reformed scholastics to engage in debates with the emerging natural sciences, and also articulated important theological insights concerning the involvement of God in creaturely affairs. In Christology, the Reformed orthodox maintained the classic doctrine of the two natures of Jesus Christ, against Socinians and other opponents. These ontological statements are the necessary conditions for a proper understanding of the salvation by Christ. While the doctrinal positions of Reformed scholastic theology cannot be automatically transmitted to contemporary discussions, we can profit from this tradition on several levels of method and content.
Conventional Direction to Unconventional Measures: Using Quantitative Easing to shape Eurozone Fiscal Capacity
Authors: Fontana Olimpia , Vannuccini Simone
Published: October 2016

Eight years after the outbreak of the crisis, the Eurozone (EZ) fiscal policy remains fragmented at the national level. This paper fills the structural gap between the monetary and fiscal dimensions of EZ economic policy by suggesting a ‘conventional’ direction to the unconventional Quantitative Easing (QE) policy of the European Central Bank (ECB). We propose an evolution for QE to tackle the shortcomings of the current ‘decentralized’ fiscal policy in the EZ. In a nutshell, we suggest a change in the composition of QE asset purchases, focusing on buying European Investment Bank (EIB) bonds that, in turn, would be used to finance real investments through the Juncker Plan programme. The rationale of our proposal is legitimised by an overview of the gloomy macroeconomic conditions of the EZ, and the situation in ongoing policies. The mechanism is described in detail, with a discussion of both its strengths and possible limitations.
Nataayej reproducibility Nadaare: Introductory conceptualization and macrolinguistic functions of reverse code-switching
Authors: Ghahari Shima
Published: October 2016

The study revisits the concept of code-switching (CS) by focusing on a phenomenon in which bilinguals reverse switch from their L1 to L2 while speaking in their mother tongue. In the opening sections, the basic question of why CS occurs is addressed by reviewing relevant research and by looking beyond the formal interests to the social and cultural functions of CS in bilingual interactions. Then in the last two chapters, the study introduces and highlights a version of CS called reverse code-switching which is, to a large extent and despite its frequency of occurrence in outer circle societies, ignored in language studies. Attempt has been made to survey possible psycholinguistic and sociocultural explanations that may account for and common perceptions which are held towards the latter phenomenon in the light of the former.
The (X) thing is: From a matrix clause to a discourse marker
Authors: Wang Haixia
Published: October 2016

is variously used in present-day English, which can be taken as different stages involved in its evolution. The discourse marker (
Analysing knot evidence: associating innate habits with sophisticated tying tasks
Authors: Chisnall Robert Charles
Published: October 2016

Most ligature cases feature everyday, innately-tied Overhand Knots, Half Hitches and Half Knots. These knots are the result of habitual behaviour and individual tiers demonstrate consistency, except when certain contextual factors come into play. This survey focussed on comparing the chiralities of basic knots to those of Figure Eight Knots, which occur in case evidence and require similar tying actions. It is important to note that real-world Figure Eights are oriented relative to their working ends and are therefore chiral, whereas topological Figure Eights have no ends and are amphichiral. Data summarizing the tying habits of 184 survey respondents were collected and analysed. The majority of volunteers surveyed tied common Overhand Knots and Figure Eights of equal chirality, consistently or nearly consistently, irrespective of any general learning effect. A minority tied knots of opposite chirality. The knots tied by the remaining respondents varied, and the data suggested a potentially complex pattern which may be related to previous findings. Similar but less pronounced patterns were exhibited in the Half Hitch and Half Knot data. This information could be useful when analysing case evidence and making links to suspect samples, provided cautious attention is paid to context and knot function.
Será preciso de novo falar de humanismo?
Authors: Perine Marcelo
Published: October 2016

Esta comunicación toma como punto de partida un conflicto paradigmático entre las concepciones de Isócrates y de Platón sobre la educación y el ideal de hombre que las guiaba, para delinear los trazos de otro conflicto entre el humanismo inspirado por la tradición griega, asumido y transformado en el interior de la tradición cristiana, y un “humanismo” que, en el marco del pensamiento liberal, intenta recrear el ideal de hombre en términos de individuo aislado, con desdoblamientos consecuentes en la concepción de la sociedad y de las tareas del Estado. Las tres figuras del conflicto aquí expuestas indican que los desafíos actuales del humanismo de inspiración cristiana son ciertamente más graves de los que se le presentaron al humanismo griego del siglo IV a.c. El individualismo asumido como ideología, el liberalismo transformado en tradición y el neoliberalismo como doctrina econó- mica hegemónica conforman una comprensión de hombre y de los bienes de la vida humana, en sus dimensiones individuales y sociales, en contraste radical con la que se reporta a la tradición cristiana.

Palabras clave:humanismo, individualismo, liberalismo, bien común, justicia. 

 
El intelecto agente según Teodorico el Teutónico
Authors: Sellés Juan Fernando
Published: October 2016

En este trabajo se estudia la concepción de Teodorico el Teutónico sobre el nivel cognoscitivo superior humano: el intelecto agente. De él este pensador medieval (ss. XIII-XIV) indica que es siempre activo, distinto en cada persona humana, superior al alma humana, imagen de Dios y abierto a él, pues la visión beatífica depende del intelecto agente.

Palabras clave: Teodorico el Teutónico, conocer humano superior, intelecto agente, visión beatífica.

 
El camino de la experiencia estética: entre la vivencia y la comprensión
Authors: Torres Nohora
Published: October 2016

En este artículo se pone en discusión la aparente oposición de dos enfoques que  sobre la experiencia  de la literatura y las artes se han definido en la tradición académica. Por un lado, la experiencia como «vivencia» en la propuesta de Jorge Larrosa (2006); por el otro se expone la «experiencia de comprensión»,  vista desde la perspectiva hermenéutica de Hans  Jauss (1977), con esenciales aportes de la teoría de George Gadamer (1978). Esto a fin de ver los límites y posibilidades de estas dos teorías de la experiencia, de manera que se pueda  tender un camino metodológico que reúna estas dos percepciones  en el estudio de la literatura, sin negar sus diferencias, mas aun evidenciando su intrínseca complementariedad.

 Palabras clave: experiencia, literatura, comprensión, hermenéutica, teoría de la recepción.

 
El ‘vivir nosotros’ amerindio vs ‘decir nosotros’ de la globalización
Authors: Meza Guillermo
Published: October 2016

Vivimos cotidianamente con otros en un mismo y único mundo, pero desde mundos diametralmente opuestos; porque para unos, desde el nostrismo de la globalidad imperial, con unas relaciones nacidas del ego, de posesión, de conquista y de dominación, impera el individualismo, así la cosmovisión se diga englobante, mientras que para otros -los pueblos ancestrales-, viven bajo la lógica del nosotros, de la nosotridad y/o la comunalidad, relaciones no de sujeto a objeto, sino de sujeto a sujeto, relaciones de reciprocidad y complementariedad. Así pues, en este artículo de investigación, desde una mirada interdisciplinaria, se pondrán frente a frente estas dos cosmovisiones del nosotros; el nostrismo en el mundo de la globalidad imperial y la nosotridad entre los pueblos amerindios.

Palabras clave:  losofía amerindia, nosotridad, cosmovisión, América Latina.

 
Cervantes como comisionado y recaudador al servicio de la Real Hacienda
Authors: Hernández Esteve Esteban
Published: October 2016

El trabajo resume la conferencia que el profesor Esteban Hernández pronuncio en el marco de las celebraciones con las que el Banco Interamericano de Desarrollo (BID) conmemoró los 400 años del nacimiento de Miguel de Cervantes Saavedra. En ella, el profesor Hernández Esteve describe,
con detalles históricos, al otro Cervantes: El Oficial Real, el funcionario público que actuaba en nombre de la Corona española, como recaudador de impuestos, y como tal, manejaba la información contable sobre los bienes y los recursos recaudados.

El documento está lleno de detalles históricos sobre las diferentes actividades que Cervantes desempeñó como representante de la Corona, y los problemas que enfrentaba en la época la labor de recaudador. Aunque para su construcción el autor toma como referencia fuentes secundarias, la narración es original en el enfoque de estudio y ofrece comprensión clara sobre la personalidad de Cervantes y su trabajo como contador, en una época de la historia sumamente importante para la consolidación de la contabilidad moderna.
Reflexiones sobre economía y humanismo como modelo para la formación integral
Authors: Carbou Jacques
Published: October 2016

Este corto artículo de reflexión es una invitación a los economistas y a otros estudiosos de las disciplinas económicas para no olvidar la integralidad de esta con otras ciencias humanas, y aún más importante, la capacidad que este enfoque tiene para aportar a la formación integral de los estudiantes que se aproximan al conocimiento económico. Resalta la importancia de este tipo de enfoques en la formación humanista promovida por la Universidad Santo Tomás, proponiéndola como un ejemplo a seguir por otras academias.
La Teología como ciencia en el ámbito universitario
Authors: González-Martin Rafael , Rebolo González Luis J. Rebolo González J.
Published: October 2016

La relación entre la Teología y el mundo universitario quedó interrumpida en España en el
s. XIX. Desde entonces el diálogo y el trabajo interdisciplinar entre la Teología y los demás
saberes universitarios han sido prácticamente inexistentes en el seno de las universidades
públicas españolas.
Estudios realizados recientes ponen de manifiestos que el grado de investigación
desarrollado por las facultades de teología y centros de estudios teológicos de la Iglesia
Católica en la primera década del siglo XXI, ha permitido que la Teología tenga un nuevo
resurgir en el ámbito académico de las Universidades públicas españolas.
Esta nueva presencia es cuestionada en ciertos ámbitos universitarios. El principal
motivo de exclusión de la Teología en el ámbito de la Universidad es sobre su status científico.
Este artículo reflexiona sobre este cuestionamiento.

Palabras clave: Teología, Ciencia, Universidad, Sociedad.
Caracterización de una pedagogía de la teología en perspectiva crítico-liberadora. Reflexiones desde la pedagogía crítica y la teología de la liberación.
Authors: Santamaría Rodríguez Juan Esteban , Quitián Álvarez Eduard Andrés , Orozco Bernal Alba Luz
Published: October 2016

El artículo propone una pedagogía de la teología en perspectiva crítico-liberadora. Para ello, recurre a los fundamentos de la pedagogía crítica y la teología de la liberación, referentes que indagan por las características del acto educativo y el significado de la experiencia de fe cristiana desde la realidad histórica del sujeto respectivamente. La interacción dialógica entre ambos saberes fundamenta esta pedagogía al reconocer el rol del creyente (profesor – estudiante) como ‘intelectual transformativo’, quien a través de la significación
de su experiencia de fe en su contexto; su inteligibilidad en relación con la tradición teológica eclesial y el despliegue de una praxis liberadora que contribuya a la transformación de realidades de opresión en contextos de liberación y salvación posibilita la construcción y enseñanza del saber teológico.

Palabras clave: Pedagogía de la teología, pedagogía crítica, teología de la liberación, enseñabilidad, saber teológico
Libertad de conciencia y culto: una mirada a la realidad colombiana.
Authors: Ramírez Alfonso Viviana
Published: October 2016

El presente artículo analiza los derechos a la libertad de conciencia y culto a la luz de la separación, desde el año 1991, del estado colombiano con la iglesia. Lo anterior porque las creencias y convicciones religiosas son propias del “ser”, integran su identidad y en el curso de la vida diaria recaen en el “hacer”, lo que ha derivado en el nacimiento de una censura pública al criterio y al actuar de aquel que, declarada o no, tiene una convicción religiosa. No son entonces la conciencia, las convicciones religiosas o los principios de vida, elementos de quitar y poner en el ejercicio de la vida académica, laboral, política o social y merecen por ende todo el respeto de la sociedad en general.

Palabras clave: libertad, religión, conciencia, culto, ser, hacer.
Contexto social y pastoral que da origen a la teología de la liberación en América Latina entre 1955 y 1992.
Authors: Urrego Prieto José Luis Carlos
Published: October 2016

Al partir de la compleja discusión sobre sociedad y teología, el presente texto intenta abordar los principales factores socio-pastorales que tuvieron lugar en la América Latina entre los años de 1955 a 1992, como marco de justificación del inicio y posterior expansión de la llamada “Teología de la Liberación”. Los referentes que se sitúan son, desde el magisterio de la Iglesia Católica, de historiadores, hasta fuentes propias de la Teología de la Liberación, junto con exponentes que, sin estar en esta corriente, poseen en su discurso una similitud contextual y preocupación pastoral. El análisis que se emprende debe ser considerado como la marca de inicio de una de las fuertes discusiones actuales: la Iglesia en la sociedad de hoy.

Palabras clave: teología, liberación, Latinoamérica, pastoral, sociedad, sacramentalidad.
Calculo del tamaño de muestra para la estimación de una varianza en poblaciones finitas con funciones en R
Authors: Gutiérrez Andrés , Zhang Hanwen , Montaño Cristian
Published: October 2016

Estimar la varianza del puntaje de una población finita en un examen estandarizado
es un objetivo importante en la evaluación de la educación. Sin embargo
en la literatura estadística no existe una metodología general que permita determinar el tamaño de muestra mínimo necesario para estimar de forma consistente este parámetro de interés.

En este artículo se realizan los desarrollos necesarios para aproximar la varianza del estimador de Hajek de la varianza poblacional por medio de la linealizacion de Taylor. Ademas, se proponen diferentes enfoques para calcular el tamaño de muestra mínimo necesario para estimar puntualmente este
parámetro o para cotejar un sistema de hipótesis estadísticas. Adicionalmete se
proponen funciones computacionales programadas en el software R que permiten
calcular tamaños de muestra requeridos.
La narrativa como herramienta didáctica y de comunicación para la enseñanza de la historia social contemporánea y reciente
Authors: Mengo Renée Isabel , Tenaglia Pablo Rubén
Published: October 2016

Este artículo tiene como objeto relatar aspectos desarrollados en el curso de extensión “Documentación narrativa de experiencias pedagógicas significativas”, dictado en el año 2014 en la Escuela de Ciencias de la Información de la Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Argentina, y describir la nueva edición del curso en el año 2015, que abordará específicamente las líneas temáticas de las narrativas en la enseñanza de la historia social contemporánea y reciente, y las narrativas de experiencias en el uso de las nuevas tecnologías, contribuyendo así a la democratización de la construcción del conocimiento mediante el empleo de recursos didácticos y de la comunicación.
The Nonstationary Dynamics of Fitness Distributions: Asexual Model with Epistasis and Standing Variation
Authors: Martin Guillaume , Roques Lionel
Published: October 2016

Various models describe asexual evolution by mutation, selection, and drift. Some focus directly on fitness, typically modeling drift but ignoring or simplifying both epistasis and the distribution of mutation effects (traveling wave models). Others follow the dynamics of quantitative traits determining fitness (Fisher’s geometric model), imposing a complex but fixed form of mutation effects and epistasis, and often ignoring drift. In all cases, predictions are typically obtained in high or low mutation rate limits and for long-term stationary regimes, thus losing information on transient behaviors and the effect of initial conditions. Here, we connect fitness-based and trait-based models into a single framework, and seek explicit solutions even away from stationarity. The expected fitness distribution is followed over time via its cumulant generating function, using a deterministic approximation that neglects drift. In several cases, explicit trajectories for the full fitness distribution are obtained for arbitrary mutation rates and standing variance. For nonepistatic mutations, especially with beneficial mutations, this approximation fails over the long term but captures the early dynamics, thus complementing stationary stochastic predictions. The approximation also handles several diminishing returns epistasis models (e.g., with an optimal genotype); it can be applied at and away from equilibrium. General results arise at equilibrium, where fitness distributions display a “phase transition” with mutation rate. Beyond this phase transition, in Fisher’s geometric model, the full trajectory of fitness and trait distributions takes a simple form; robust to the details of the mutant phenotype distribution. Analytical arguments are explored regarding why and when the deterministic approximation applies.
Perceptions of e-Cigarettes and Noncigarette Tobacco Products Among US Youth
Authors: Amrock Stephen M , Lee Lily , Weitzman Michael
Published: October 2016

BACKGROUND:

Electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes) are now the most commonly used tobacco product among US youth. The extent to which perceptions of e-cigarettes’ harm and addictiveness differ from those of other products remains unknown, as does whether these perceptions have changed over time.

METHODS:

Data from the 2012 and 2014 National Youth Tobacco Survey, a repeated cross-sectional survey of grade 6 to 12 students, were used. Cross-tabulations and logistic regression models were used to describe correlates of perceptions of harm and addictiveness of e-cigarettes, cigars, and smokeless tobacco compared with cigarettes. Trends in perceptions of e-cigarettes’ harm among different demographic groups were also assessed.

RESULTS:

In 2014, 73.0% believed that e-cigarettes were less harmful than cigarettes, compared with 20.2% for smokeless tobacco and 25.8% for cigars. By comparison, 47.1% believed that e-cigarettes were less addictive than cigarettes, compared with only 14.0% for smokeless tobacco and 31.5% for cigars. Use of each product was associated with a perception of decreased harm and addictiveness in adjusted analyses, as was being male, being a non-Hispanic white, and residing with a household member who used that product. Between 2012 and 2014, increasing numbers of US youth thought they were able to assess the relative harm of e-cigarettes and increasingly believed that e-cigarettes are less harmful than cigarettes.

CONCLUSIONS:

Most US youth view e-cigarettes as less harmful and addictive than cigarettes. Far fewer think similarly about cigars and smokeless tobacco. Increases in e-cigarettes’ perceived safety mirrors rapid increases observed in their use. Perceived safety correlates with use of each tobacco product.
COLOMBIA INSULAR: CONSTRUCCIÓN DE IDENTIDAD Y MOVILIZACIÓN DEL PUEBLO RAIZAL DEL ARCHIPIÉLAGO DE SAN ANDRÉS Y PROVIDENCIA
Authors: González Palacios Miguel Andrés
Published: October 2016

En numerosas regiones del mundo, las diferencias culturales y las tensiones con el Estado central han llevado a que minorías étnicas subnacionales se movilicen en busca de su independencia. Sin embargo, en el archipiélago de San Andrés y Providencia estas circunstancias no han conducido a que los nativos raizales conformen un movimiento separatista fuerte. Sostengo que la forma en que se ha dado su relación con el Estado les ha generado a éstos un conflicto identitario, el cual impide que se consolide una oposición radical contra la soberanía colombiana. Además, la ausencia de formas de autogobierno y la dependencia para el sostenimiento económico hacen que el separatismo no se perfile como un motivo contundente de movilización entre la población raizal.
PROTECCIÓN SOCIAL Y LUCHA CONTRA LA POBREZA: AVANCES Y DESAFÍOS EN AMÉRICA LATINA
Authors: Zorro Sánchez Carlos
Published: October 2016

Reseña de: Protección social y lucha contra la pobreza en Brasil, Colombia y Chile. ¿Graduarse de los PTC o salir de lapobreza?, Tassara C. (Editor), Ibarra A. y Vargas Faulbaum L.H.Madrid: Programa EUROsociAL, 2015, 212 páginas. ISBN 978-88-99592-00-4
Turkish Students' Demotivation to Study English: A Scale Development / Demotiviranost turskih učenika za učenje engleskoga jezika: razvijanje mjerne skale
Authors: Unal Kerim , Yanpar Yelken Tugba
Published: October 2016

The purpose of this study is to develop a scale that reveals factors adversely affecting the university-preparatory-class students' motivation for the English language and English language classes. The sample included 454 student participants. The researchers used a 6-point Likert-type scale with 50 items to collect the research data. The results of the exploratory factor analysis indicated that the scale has one factor having four-subcomponent factorial structure with 20 items. The subcomponents of the scale are 1) teacher characteristics, 2) lack of interest towards English and English classes, 3) class environment and class materials, and 4) experience of failure. Cronbach Alpha coefficient for the reliability of the scale was 0.911. Cronbach Alpha coefficients for the subcomponents were 0.847; 0.813; 0.780 and 0.768 respectively. The results of CFA indicated that factor structure fits the data. The scale is a reliable and a valid tool for measuring the factors demotivating the students in their language learning process.Key words: demotivation; demotivating factors; demotivation scale; ELT; language-preparatory classes.---Svrha je ovoga istraživanja razviti skalu koja će otkriti faktore koji negativno utječu na motiviranost za engleski jezik i učenje engleskoga kod studenata u pripremnoj fakultetskoj nastavi. Uzorak je činilo 454 učenika. Istraživači su se koristili Likertovom skalom od 6 stupnjeva s 50 čestica kako bi došli do podataka. Rezultati deskriptivne faktorske analize ukazali su na to da skala ima jedan faktor s četiri podkomponentnom faktorskom strukturom od 20 čestica. Podkomponente skale su: 1) Karakteristike nastavnika, 2) Nedostatak interesa prema engleskome jeziku i učenju engleskoga jezika, 3) Razredno okruženje i nastavni materijali i 4) Doživljaj neuspjeha. Cronbachov alfa koeficijent za pouzdanost skale bio je 0,911. Cronbachov alfa koeficijenti za podkomponente bili su: 0,847; 0,813; 0,780 i 0,768.  Rezultati CFA ukazali su na to da faktorska struktura odgovara podacima. Skala je pouzdan i valjan instrument za mjerenje faktora demotivacije učenika u procesu učenja jezika.Ključne riječi: demotivacija; faktori demotivacije; skala demotivacije; ELT; pripremna nastava jezika.
Effectiveness of Inquiry-Based Science and Social Studies Teaching in the Development of Students' Scientific Competence/Efikasnost istraživački usmjerene nastave Prirode i društva u razvoju prirodoznanstvene kompetencije učenika
Authors: Letina Alena
Published: October 2016

AbstractInquiry-based teaching involves a purposeful and organized process of learning, where students, with their own activity and exploration, construct new knowledge concepts and develop a number of cognitive and practical skills. The aim of this study was to determine whether there is a relationship between inquiry-based Science and Social Studies teaching and the development of students' scientific competence. For this purpose, an experimental survey with parallel groups in primary schools in Zagreb and Zagreb County was conducted, with fourth-grade students (N=333) being the participants in this research. The results of this research show that inquiry-based teaching produces much better development of students' scientific competence than do traditional teaching methods. Students who were part of the experimental group, and who were taught according to this teaching strategy achieved notably better results at all levels of science competence tests. Based on these results, it can be concluded that the use of inquiry-based teaching in Science and Social Studies classes is necessary and recommended because of its distinctly positive effects on the development of students' competences. Therefore, it is necessary to include this teaching strategy in the structure of the new primary school curriculum.Key words: inquiry learning; learning outcomes; the level of scientific literacy; traditional teaching approach. ---SažetakIstraživački usmjerena nastava je svrhovit i organiziran proces učenja i poučavanja u kojem učenici vlastitom aktivnošću i istraživanjem dolaze do novih spoznaja, razvijajući pritom različite kompetencije. Cilj je ovoga rada utvrditi postoji li povezanost istraživačke nastave Prirode i društva s razvojem različitih razina prirodoznanstvene kompetencije. S tom je svrhom provedeno eksperimentalno istraživanje s usporednim skupinama u osnovnim školama županije Grada Zagreba i Zagrebačke županije, na uzorku učenika četvrtih razreda osnovne škole (N=333). Rezultati provedenog istraživanja pokazuju statistički značajno bolji učinak istraživačke nastave Prirode i društva u razvoju učeničke prirodoznanstvene kompetencije u odnosu na učinke tradicionalne predavačko-prikazivačke nastave. Učenici eksperimentalne skupine koji su tijekom eksperimentalnog istraživanja bili izloženi istraživačkoj nastavi Prirode i društva ostvarili su značajno bolje rezultate na svim razinama ispita prirodoznanstvene kompetencije. Na temelju analize dobivenih rezultata može se zaključiti kako je primjena istraživački usmjerene nastave Prirode i društva zbog njenih pozitivnih učinaka preporučljiva i potrebna, te ju je stoga potrebno uključiti u novu strukturu kurikula Prirode i društva.Ključne riječi: ishodi učenja; istraživačko učenje; razine prirodoznanstvene pismenosti; tradicionalna nastava.