bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Seasonal abundance of Diaphorina citri (Hemiptera: Liviidae) in citrus groves in Cazones, Veracruz, México
Authors: Ortega-Arenas Laura D. , Villegas-Monter Ángel , Ramírez-Reyes Alberto J. , Mendoza-García Edgar E.
Published: November 2022

Seasonal abundance of the Asian Citrus Psyllid, Diaphorina citri Kuwayama, wasevaluated on citrus groves in the region of Cazones, Veracruz, Mexico. For the period from February 2010 to February 2012, biweekly records for adult specimens were made using yellow sticky cardboard traps, as well as the presence of eggs, nymphs, adults, and natural enemies on the flush shoots were also registered. Psyllid populations occurred throughout the period of study, detecting population peaks on February, March, April and July in the citrus plantations. Increases of psyllid infestations were positively related to the abundance of new shoot flushes, and these in turn, were related to the temperature and rainfall. Natural enemies were not a decisive factor in regulating liviid populations, while the abundance of shoot flushes produced by citrus treescould play an important role in integrated psyllid management.
Marking method for dung beetles (Coleoptera: Scarabaeinae) and its implementation in Colombian Andes
Authors: Martínez-Quintero Bedir G. , Cultid-Medina Carlos A. , Rudas-Grajales Juan C.
Published: November 2022

We describe a new inexpensive and simple method for marking large dung beetles (>10 mm), which consists in tattooing a consecutive number on their elytra or pronotum with a Mototool. The recapture rate (18.5% of 1886 marked individuals) throughout five months shows high durability of the mark without affecting the integrity of the individual.
Novel versus Conventional sequencing of Beta-blockers, SGLT2i’s, ARNI’s and MRAs in stable patients with HFrEF (NovCon sequencing study): protocol for a 5-year pragmatic, real world, open label, randomised clinical trial (Preprint)
Authors: Karamchand Sumanth , Chipamaunga Tsungai , Naidoo Poobalan , Naidoo Kiolan , Rambiritch Virendra , Ho Kevin , Chilton Robert , McMahon Kyle , Leisegang Rory , Weich Hellmuth , Hassan Karim
Published: November 2022

BACKGROUND

Chronic heart failure has a high morbidity and mortality, with approximately half of patients demising within 5 years of diagnosis. Recent additions to the armamentarium of anti-heart failure therapies include the angiotensin receptor-neprylisin inhibitors (ARNIs) and sodium/glucose co-transmitter 2 inhibitors (SGLT2i). Both classes have demonstrated mortality and morbidity benefits.

OBJECTIVE

To determine if early addition of ARNIs, SGLT2i’s, beta blockers and mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists) (within 4 weeks) will reduce all-cause mortality and hospitalisations for heart failure in patients with stable heart failure with reduced ejection fraction.

METHODS

This is a single center, randomised, controlled, double arm, open label, active control, pragmatic clinical trial. Adults with stable heart failure with reduced ejection fraction and idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy will be randomised to conventional sequencing (the control arm) (over 6 months) of anti-failure therapies and a second arm will receive rapid sequencing (over 4 weeks). Study participants will be followed for 5 years to assess safety, efficacy and tolerability of the two types of sequencing. Post-trial access and care will be provided to all study participants throughout their lifespan.

RESULTS

We are currently in the process of obtaining ethical clearance and funding.

CONCLUSIONS

We envisage that the current study will help inform clinical practice guidelines on the optimal sequencing of anti-heart failure therapies.
Performance Evaluation of LoRa in Farm Irrigation System with Internet of Things
Authors: Irianto Kurniawan Dwi
Published: November 2022

Long Range (LoRa) Communication is one of the emerging Internet of Things (IoT) technologies and has been widely discussed by researchers. LoRa is also part of the Low Power Wide Area Networks (LPWAN) technology where this technology focuses on communication systems on energy efficiency, wide coverage, low data rates, and long battery life. LoRa uses industrial, scientific, and medical (ISM) radio frequencies. These frequencies can be used for free without paying for a license. Theoretically and under ideal conditions, the LoRa range can reach < 3 km in urban areas and > 3 km in rural areas. However, only a few studies discuss the evaluation and analysis of LoRa performance, which is implemented in the real world with particular case studies. This article aims to evaluate and analyze the performance of LoRa, which is applied to a case study of an IoT-based agricultural irrigation system. Several parameters will be assessed and analyzed, including distance, received signal strength indication (RSSI), spreading factor, coding rate, power transmission, and packet delivery ratio (PDR). Experimental and measurement results show that LoRa can transmit data packets up to a distance of 2.5 km but with a very low PDR rate of around 5-7%. The results also show that LoRa can work optimally if the distance is > 1 km with a PDR rate of about 70-100%.
Aspects of implementation of automatic fire containment systems
Authors: Tanklevskiy L. T. , Tarantsev A. A. , Bondar A. I. , Balabanov I. D.
Published: November 2022

Introduction. The authors specify the areas of application of automatic fire-prevention systems and the objects that they protect; they also substantiate the main principles of their design and development. Rational hydraulic sprinkler arrangement patterns are designed for automatic water fire-containment systems to be installed in large and small premises, depending on the thermal loading of structures.

Goal and objectives. Development of recommendations on the use of automatic fire-containment systems and the objects that they protect.

Materials and methods. Fire development patterns were subjected to theoretical and experimental research conducted during variable intensity water supply.

Results and their discussion. As a result of this research, general engineering requirements for automatic water fire-containment systems and their testing methods were first developed.

Conclusions. The first edition of GOST (All-Russian State Standard) “Automatic water fire-containment systems. General engineering requirements. Testing methods” were addressed to the organizations concerned with this area of knowledge; their opinions and suggestions were contributed to another approved edition of this GOST (All-Russian State Standard).
Robotic fire-fighting systems using advanced fire suppression technologies with Russian priority
Authors: Gorban Yu. I. , Tsarichenko S. G.
Published: November 2022

Introduction. Fire suppression systems are stationary technical means designed for fire extinguishing. Their evo- lution relies on the general level of technological development. At present, automatic fire suppression systems (AFSS) are most widely used; they include sprinkler AFSSs, patented in 1864 by Harrison, UK, as well as new robotic fire suppression systems (RFSS). The purpose of the article is to analyze the trends in the development of fire extinguishing systems, and substantiate Russia’s priority in the development of advanced fire extinguishing technologies on the basis of robotic fire suppression systems (RFSS).

Fire suppression systems: from manually operated to robotic ones. Sprinkler fire extinguishing has significant drawbacks; they are low sensitivity and high inertia. Fire monitors are among the main most powerful means of firefighting. Fires are extinguished by firefighters who are in extreme life-threatening environments. The issue of replacing a person during fire extinguishing was studied. Mobile firefighting robots appear in many countries. In practice, stationary firefighting robots are widely used. The first stationary firefighting robot was invented in Russia in 1984 to protect the Kizhi Museum. It was also applied to liquidate the consequences of the accident at the Chernobyl nuclear power plant. The first RFSS was introduced at the Leningrad NPP in 1989. Acting in close cooperation with the VNIIPO EMERCOM of Russia, FR Engineering Centre conducted research to improve the design and control system, establish the regulatory framework for the RFSS. As a result, Russia has become the first country in the world where a new type of automatic fire extinguishing systems, or robotic fire suppression systems, was introduced by the law. RFSS requirements are established by the Federal law No. 123-FZ, GOST R and Codes of Practice. Russia’s priority right for the invention of RFSS is protected by a number of patents.

Conclusions. In our country, long-term research and development have been carried out to design new fire extin- guishing technologies named robotic fire suppression systems. Regulatory and technical frameworks have also been established, and a firefighting robot plant has been built. Now new fire extinguishing technologies, involving firefighting robots, are widely spread; they protect thousands of significant facilities of the country.
Visual Resource Management in British Columbia - Part I: The effects of visual resource management on timber availability: A review of case studies and policy
Authors: Picard Paul , Sheppard Stephen R.J.
Published: November 2022

This paper explores relationships between visual resource management (VRM) and timber availability in the context of recent findings and current VRM policy in British Columbia. Selected North American case studies and relevant aspects of visual resource management in British Columbia are reviewed. Both research and practice indicate that public preferences for landscapes generally decrease as visible landscape alteration increases. Visual resource management requirements in visually sensitive areas are typically viewed as a major constraint on timber supply where conventional clearcutting is the main harvesting method. However, for a given level of timber removal, people may react more adversely to clearcutting than to partial cutting distributed over a larger area. This raises the possibility of increased timber availability under alternative forest practices in visually sensitive areas. Therefore, forest managers have a number of possible options for resolving perceived conflicts between visual resources and timber availability. Current policies and regulations in British Columbia provide district managers with sole discretion (unless otherwise specified in a Higher Level Plan) in the management of the province�s visual resources. This allows for potential variations in how VRM is applied from one forest district to another, and emphasizes the district manager�s central role in striking a balance between visual quality and timber availability in British Columbia�s forested landscapes.
Distribution and abundance of birds relative to elevation and biogeoclimatic zones in coastal old-growth forests in southern British Columbia
Authors: Waterhouse F. Louise , Mather Monica H. , Seip Dale
Published: November 2022

This study examined birds and their association with forest structure and elevation in 1992 and 1993. The research sites were located in old-growth forest stands (251+ years) distributed between 400 and 1500 m elevation in south coastal British Columbia. The use of simple and multiple regressions revealed that the variation in mean abundance of most bird species was in part explained by elevation, and was likely due to stand structure and other factors (e.g., forage productivity) that vary with the elevational gradient. However, total bird abundance and richness responded weakly to elevation; instead, density of huge snags (≥ 100 cm DBH) per hectare more consistently accounted for the variation in these two measures.Distributions of bird species are described according to two biogeoclimatic zones—the Coastal Western Hemlock and the Mountain Hemlock. Biogeoclimatic classification, which is based on plant associations and climate, is used for forest management in British Columbia. Mean abundance of 10 bird species differed significantly between the biogeoclimatic zones in at least one of the study years. Biogeoclimatic zones also effectively classified bird species into two different communities using multidimensional scaling and mean similarity analysis. However, richness and total bird abundance did not differ significantly between zones indicating that community structure was similar, although composition and dominance differed by zone. The authors, therefore, suggest that representation of old-growth forest by biogeoclimatic zone helps maintain bird diversity. To maintain the observed distributions of bird species, however, oldgrowth habitats should be represented over the entire elevational gradient and include variation in forest stand structure.
Growth and nutritional responses of western hemlock to fertilization: A review
Authors: Brown Kevin
Published: November 2022

Western hemlock (Tsuga heterophylla) dominates coastal forests of British Columbia. Current age-class distributions may reduce wood supply in the near term. Fertilization might improve growth and supply, but hemlock is considered unresponsive or erratic in its response. This paper reviews how hemlock has responded to fertilization in past studies and discusses some of the difficulties in interpreting those responses.Topics include (1) nutrient deficiencies (2) experimental designs used, and growth and nutritional responses measured, (3) relationships between nutrient availability and growth of hemlock and associated conifers, and fertilization effects as influenced (4) by site and (5) by tree and stand characteristics. Few generalizations can be drawn from the literature. Phosphorus (P) additions may enhance response to additions of nitrogen (N), although P-deficient stands remain difficult to identify without measuring a response to P fertilization. For older (mid-rotation) stands, it is not possible to separate possible effects of stand age, stand density, and site and treatment applied (e.g., N-only versus N+P) on response to fertilization. There is a need to better define constraints on growth responses (nutrients, moisture, light) to fertilization in mid-rotation stands on key site types. Field experiments should be initiated to better define the relationships among stand age, stand density, stem growth, stand productivity, and stand leaf area, and to determine how these parameters may be influenced by nutrient availability. New experiments should apply more nutrients than N alone and should be designed to better characterize how nutrient supply and stand nutrient demand change with stand development.
Effects of uncertainties about stand-replacing natural disturbances on forest-management projections
Authors: Sutherland Glenn D. , Eng Marvin , Fall S. Andrew
Published: November 2022

Designing policies for long-term forest management is difficult, in part because ecological processes that drive forest structure and composition interact strongly, both spatially and temporally, with the many values we want to obtain from the forest. Using the Robson Valley in east-central British Columbia as a study area, we developed a spatio-temporal landscape model to assess the effects of uncertainties about stand-replacing natural disturbance regimes on indicators related to the sustainability of forest harvesting and biodiversity. Results show that key timber policy indicators were relatively less sensitive to natural disturbance regime parameters than were the biodiversity indicators of seral stage distribution and tree species composition. The other biodiversity indicator we examined, structural connectivity among old-forest patches, was among those indicators least sensitive to any of the parameters we varied. Other timber supply indicators— including non-recoverable losses, and volumes and areas disturbed—were the most sensitive to both the particular natural disturbance agent chosen and to the parameters describing its behaviour. Projections of a range of scenarios for present and alternative natural disturbance and management regimes for the study area show that most indicators varied from less than 1% up to 93% from the value of the present management/disturbance regime. Generally, three alternative management policies had weak-to-moderate capabilities of reducing effects of natural disturbances. Despite the range of uncertainties explored, the results provided little indication that, at the scale of the whole study area, current timber-harvesting targets are not sustainable over the long term. However, our findings highlight the lack of knowledge about the future, particularly about changes in climate, resulting in significant uncertainty about the future condition of the forest and about future forest-management opportunities.
Restoration of forests attacked by mountain pine beetle: Misnomer, misdirected, or must-do?
Authors: Burton Philip J.
Published: November 2022

Much of the forest killed by the current mountain pine beetle outbreak in British Columbia will never be salvaged for commercial purposes. It has been suggested that large areas will need “restoration” to secure future timber supplies and habitat values in a timely manner. I argue that restoration is not the most appropriate term to apply to this scenario, as beetle-impacted forests generally are not ecologically degraded. Furthermore, available data indicate that pure pine stands constitute a minority of the forest area affected by the mountain pine beetle (Dendroctonus ponderosaeem>), and that more than 40% of stands dominated by lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta var. latifolia) have adequately stocked understories. This implies that much of the affected area will recover on its own and can provide mid-term and long-term forest values without human intervention. While prescribed fire may be an appropriate tool for ecological restoration and stand renewal in selected landscapes, perpetuation of even-aged stands of lodgepole pine may not be prudent. It would be more appropriate to call stand conversion and accelerated regeneration activities “stand rehabilitation” when enhanced timber values are the goal. Ecological restoration may be needed to repair critical habitats or to safeguard aquatic resources in the wake of the pine beetle outbreak. However, restoration must be done with clear objectives, and is likely to be a minor component of the overall management picture. In all cases, an objective assessment should assure that intervention will not do more harm than good, and actions should be evaluated against the alternative of no treatment.
Rate of deterioration, degrade, and fall of trees killed by mountain pine beetle
Authors: Lewis Kathy J. , Hartley Ian D.
Published: November 2022

The information presented in this paper results from a review of published articles on deterioration of dead wood, and interviews of people with forestry and (or) mill experience from the 1980s Cariboo Plateau mountain pine beetle outbreak. The literature review focussed on mountain pine beetle (Dendroctonus ponderosae) and lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta Dougl. ex Loud. var. latifolia Engelm.), but also included papers on other conifer species. Most of the existing research has focussed on utilization of trees that have been dead for less than 5 years. The general conclusion was that reduced moisture content, checking (related to moisture content), and bluestain were the most important factors involved in loss of product opportunities and quality. Decay of standing pine was slow (at least in the regions studied), and trees were more likely to fall over before significant losses of wood volume due to decay fungi. Once trees were on the ground, decay rates accelerated substantially.
Hydrologic effects of mountain pine beetle in the interior pine forests of British Columbia: Key questions and current knowledge
Authors: Uunila Lars , Guy Brian , Pike Robin
Published: November 2022

The mountain pine beetle (MPB) (Dendroctonus ponderosae Hopkins) could have a large effect on hydrologic regimes in British Columbia watersheds. Given the recent increase in size of the beetle infestation, many questions around forest management, particularly salvage harvesting, have emerged. Unfortunately, information to address these questions is limited to a handful of research studies. Although local initiatives to address knowledge gaps are under way, it is important to use the best available science to guide current management decisions related to MPB. This article highlights some of the key hydrologic questions associated with the MPB epidemic, identifies current knowledge on the effects of MPB on watershed hydrology, shows where research information is lacking, and comments on future directions for research. The effects of MPB on stream channel stability, water quality, hillslope processes, riparian function, and fisheries are not discussed. We hope this brief article will stimulate further discussion amongst hydrologists and foresters in British Columbia.
A bird's eye view of small tenure holdings in British Columbia
Authors: Cathro John , Mulkey Susan , Bradley Tom
Published: November 2022

This extension note provides a spatial description of the distribution of small, area-based tenures in the province of British Columbia. It summarizes important socio-economic and biophysical data, including the locations of small tenures. The unique management implications associated with such distribution are highlighted, such as multiple and often overlapping values, implications of mountain pine beetle infestations, climate change, forest restoration, and socio-economic constraints and opportunities.
Impacts of climate change on British Columbia's biodiversity: A literature review
Authors: Gayton Donald V.
Published: November 2022

This Extended Abstract condenses a literature review that summarized research on the current and potential impacts of climate change on biodiversity in British Columbia. The review, which is preceded by a brief summary of observed and predicted climate changes, brings together the relevant information contained in those publications for the benefit of natural resource managers. Contemporary increases in atmospheric carbon dioxide concentration, average annual temperatures, and sea surface temperatures have been documented, and climatologists predict these increases will continue through this century. Research suggests that whole ecosystems and biogeoclimatic zones will not respond as a unit; rather, individual components of ecosystems will respond. Species will respond to these climate changes either by adapting in place, migrating, or going extinct. Examples of species responses have already been recorded in British Columbia. Finally, the review summarizes research on how to mitigate climate change impacts on biodiversity. Mitigation will require implementing conservation principles, reducing non-climate stressors, providing latitudinal and elevational migration corridors, and instituting long-term monitoring to define causality between climate change and biotic responses. Perhaps the most important advice for natural resource and biodiversity managers is to implement, to the extent possible, good conservation practices.
British Columbia's Southern Interior Forests Armillaria Root Disease Stand Establishment Decision Aid
Authors: Cleary Michelle , Van der Kamp Bart , Morrison Duncan
Published: November 2022

In the Southern Interior of British Columbia, Armillaria (Armillaria ostoyae) root disease (DRA) causes considerable losses in immature stands by killing natural and planted coniferous trees. Tree mortality usually begins about 5–7 years after stand establishment, peaks around age 12, and then declines, although mortality can continue throughout a rotation. On the roots of older trees, repeated non-lethal infections will result in growth loss. The disease also increases the susceptibility of trees to attack by other pathogens and insects. DRA poses a long-term threat to forest productivity and sustainable forest management because current silviculture practices increase the amount and potential of Armillaria inoculum and put regenerated or residual trees at risk of becoming infected. This threat can be moderated by planting trees that are more resistant to Armillaria or by modifying silviculture practices to minimize exposure of trees to Armillaria inoculum in managed, secondgrowth stands. This extension note provides a revised table of host susceptibility ratings for species as well as a decision key to help natural resource managers choose from among several different treatments.
Public attitudes toward sustainable forest management: Opinions from forest-dependent communities in British Columbia
Authors: Harshaw Howard W. , Sheppard Stephen , Jeakins Paul
Published: November 2022

Although public participation is a requirement of sustainable forest management (SFM), it can be difficult for forest managers to obtain broad levels of representation through traditional public participation mechanisms, such as open houses, information sessions, and public advisory groups (PAGs). Some of the difficulties stem from barriers to participation, (e.g., knowledge, time availability, accessibility, and household income). There is a need for social science tools, such as public opinion surveys, to complement existing approaches by soliciting the attitudes, beliefs, and perceptions of broad sections of the public: getting closer to “the silent majority.” We examine the opinions of residents of nine forest-dependent communities in British Columbia to better understand attitudes toward public participation in forest management decision making, beliefs about SFM and the appropriateness of certain trade-offs, and perceptions of the role of forest managers. Results suggest a need to develop better methods of engaging and communicating with people beyond the PAGs; to increase the public's knowledge of SFM; and to increase trust in forest companies as stewards of the forest.
Further Evidence of Size Gradients of Arctic Grayling (Thymallus arcticus) Along Stream Length
Authors: Baccante Dominic A.
Published: November 2022

Previous work in Alaska indicates that the distribution of Arctic grayling (Thymallus arcticus) along streams is influenced by fish size. Larger fish are usually found in the upstream reaches, and the mean size gradually decreases further downstream, closer to the stream mouth. One of the hypotheses supporting this observation is that larger fish have a feeding advantage because they have first access to drifting prey. This mechanism is also believed to occur within pools. This extension note provides further evidence supporting the size gradient of Arctic grayling in streams. I use data from two rivers in northern British Columbia and one river in Alberta to show similar patterns of size distribution.
Ecosystem services in conservation planning: less costly as costs and side-benefits
Authors: Chan Kai , Klinkenberg Brian
Published: November 2022

Because of their potential to explicitly link conservation and human well-being, there is growing support to include ecosystem services in conservation planning. In this study, we explored three questions: (1) what is the most effective and efficient method of including ecosystem services in Marxan—the most widely used software tool for conservation reserve network design; (2) what reduction in estimated reserve costs is enabled by the explicit inclusion of ecosystem-service opportunity costs; and (3) what are the relationships between services across space. In conjunction with the Nature Conservancy of Canada, we answered these questions by examining the potential impact of conservation on the supply of these three ecosystem services and biodiversity in the Central Interior of British Columbia, relative to a business-asusual scenario. Our findings suggest that including ecosystem services within a conservation-planning program may be most cost-effective when these services are represented as substitutable costs or benefits (within the cost surface), rather than as targeted features.
Assisted Migration: Adapting Forest Management to a Changing Climate
Authors: Leech Susan March , Lara Almuedo Pedro , O'Neill Greg
Published: November 2022

Forestry practitioners are increasingly interested in how to adapt practices to accommodate predicted changes in climate. One forest management option involves helping tree species and seed sources (populations) track the movement of their climates through “assisted migration”: the purposeful movement of species to facilitate or mimic natural population or range expansion. In this paper, we discuss assisted migration as a climate change adaptation strategy within forest management. Substantial evidence suggests that most tree species will not be able to adapt through natural selection or migrate naturally at rates sufficient to keep pace with climate change, leaving forests susceptible to forest health risks and reduced productivity. We argue that assisted migration is a prudent, proactive, inexpensive strategy that exploits finely tuned plant-climate adaptations wrought through millennia of natural selection to help maintain forest resilience, health and productivity in a changing climate. Seed migration distances being considered in operational forestry in British Columbia are much shorter than migration distances being contemplated in many conservation biology efforts and are informed by decades of field provenance testing. Further,only migrations between similar biogeoclimatic units are under discussion. These factors reduce considerably the risk of ecological disturbance associated with assisted migration. To facilitate the discussion of assisted migration, we present three forms of assisted migration, and discuss how assisted migration is being considered internationally, nationally, and provincially. Finally, we summarize policy and research needs and provide links to other resources for further reading.
Decision Support Framework: A Mental Model for Integrating the Environmental and Human Dimensions into Decision Making Related to Changes in Natural Disturbance Events
Authors: Swift Kathie
Published: November 2022

This discussion paper builds on the synthesis component of the Future Forest Ecosystem Scientific Council (FFESC) project and discusses how current and projected changes in natural disturbance are being linked with existing decision frameworks within government and forest companies in British Columbia. Based on information gathered through an online survey, face-to-face discussion sessions, and a review of the literature, a proposed decision support framework is discussed. This framework is presented in the form of a mental model to provide strategic guidance on one possible way to integrate information related to projected changes in natural disturbance for on-the-ground actions and decisions.
Non-Timber Forest Products in British Columbia: Management Framework and Current Practices
Authors: Hamilton Evelyn
Published: November 2022

This article outlines British Columbia's forest resource management system and legislative framework in relation to non-timber forest product (NTFP) management. It provides an overview of what NTFPs are and discusses the history related to their use as well as associated rights and regulations. It outlines the BC context in terms of land ownership, the resource management system, management objectives, socio-economic factors, and current trends. The article also describes decision-making as well as planning processes and legal requirements for forest managers, identifies the values forest managers must manage for, and assesses the implications for NTFPs. Finally, the article provides a summary of the current status of management for NTFPs. Opportunities to improve the socio-economic benefits associated with NTFPs are identified and recommendations for future actions are provided.
Science-Based Guidelines for Managing Northern Goshawk Breeding Areas in Coastal British Columbia
Authors: McClaren Erica , Mahon Todd , Doyle Frank I. , Harrower William L.
Published: November 2022

Northern Goshawks (Accipiter gentilis laingi) have been recognized as a species of management concern in western North America for over 20 years. One of the most significant factors threatening Northern Goshawk populations in coastal British Columbia is the loss and fragmentation of structurally old and mature forests they use for breeding, foraging, and roosting. The goal of this report is to provide science-based guidelines for qualified environmental professonals to assist in their decision-making processes concerning Northern Goshawk habitat management in coastal British Columbia. These guidelines were previously unavailable or inconsistent and did not provide a thorough review of the scientific literature. The best management practices presented here are intended for use by qualified environmental professonals and managers when undertaking industrial activities, primarily forestry, around Northern Goshawk breeding areas within coastal British Columbia.
Long-Term Effects of Lodgepole Pine Terminal Weevil and Other Pests on Tree Form and Stand Structure in a Young Lodgepole Pine Stand in Southern British Columbia
Authors: Maclauchlan Lorraine , Brooks Julie
Published: November 2022

This study describes the impacts of 25 damaging agents recorded on young lodgepole pine trees over a 30-year period in a study plot in southern British Columbia. During the study, density fluctuated due to infill and mortality. Of the 1,295 stems per hectare present at the outset of the study, 37% of lodgepole pine died and only 24% of the trees remained pest-free by the final assessment. Pest-free trees were predominantly small and suppressed infill, leaving just over 1,000 stems per hectare of crop trees. Lodgepole pine terminal weevil affected over 38% of pine, with up to six attacks per tree. Fifty percent of lodgepole pine in the study was infected or killed by one or more hard pine stem rusts, with comandra blister rust and western gall rust being the predominant diseases, affecting 32% and 19% of the pine, respectively. Until age 20, 70% of weevil attacks caused major defects. From age 20–40 years, 50% of attacks caused major defects, often forks or multiple tops (stagheads). Defects were more severe when trees were attacked early in stand development. There was a strong correlation between the number of weevil attacks per tree and tree form, and the number of pests recorded per tree and tree form. Two or more pests per tree caused tree form to shift from good to moderate or poor.
Experience in the use of phylogenetic analysis in the investigation of cases of HIV-infected patients
Authors: Neshumaev D. A. , Malysheva M. A. , Skudarinov S. E. , Shesternya P. A. , Pozhilenkova E. A. , Stasenko V. L.
Published: November 2022

Objective. To establish a probable source of infection using phylogenetic analysis in the investigation of cases of HIV infection. 

Materials and methods. HIV genome sequencing was carried out using the kit ViroSeq (Celera). The phylogenetic tree was constructed using the maximum likelihood method in the Mega 6 program. As a comparison group, 40 samples of HIV-infected patients from the Krasnoyarsk region were used, as well as 25 nucleotide sequences of various HIV subtypes taken from the international GenBank database. The reliability of the resulting tree was evaluated in bootstrap analysis, a branch rotation test for a thousand random constructions.

Results and discussion. The paper presents five cases of epidemiological investigations with a probable nosocomial and occupational mechanism of HIV infection transmission in the Krasnoyarsk region. In 2013, a study was conducted on the infection of three persons treated in the same hospital with an HIV-infected patient. A close genetic relationship of HIV was shown in newly identified individuals, the probable source could not be examined due to death. Second epidemiological investigation in 2013. The association of cases of infection between a newly diagnosed woman with HIV infection and a patient with a previously established HIV status is shown. Both persons were simultaneously in the same medical institution. To determine the direction of transmission of the virus, a test for the duration of infection was used. In 2014, after receiving medical care in four medical organizations, the patient was confirmed to be HIV positive. In all hospitals there were persons with a confirmed diagnosis of HIV infection. Three of them have been examined. The absence of a phylogenetic relationship was confirmed, the fourth died, the material could not be obtained from him. In 2015, a nurse was injured while caring for an HIV-positive patient. Phylogenetic analysis showed a high degree of genetic relationship between these cases of infection. In 2016, after a car accident, two patients were hospitalized in the intensive care unit. After some time, both were diagnosed with HIV infection. Four HIV-infected patients were in intensive care at the same time. Phylogenetic analysis was carried out in two newly identified individuals and one putative source. The association of infections in newly identified patients was shown, the alleged source could not be established.

Conclusion. The use of molecular genetic methods in epidemiological investigations significantly improves the quality and accuracy of deciphering epidemic chains of HIV infection.
The real contact width evaluation of a three-layer metal gasket
Authors: Karohika I Made Gatot , Haruyama Shigeyuki
Published: November 2022

The performance of a three-layer metal gasket is affected by the contact width between the gasket surface and the rough flanges. In the simulation, proper flange roughness modeling will make it easier to predict the gasket performance later. The surface roughness modeling in the simulation will be compared with experimental measurements to determine how much contact occurs due to the rough flange surface. Experimental measurement of real contact width using a digital microscope and simulation using finite element software. The measurements between the simulation results of the real surface roughness model and the experimental results show that they are close to the same. So it can be said that our simulation model is close to the actual conditions.
Sex Differences in Adipose Tissue Distribution Determine Susceptibility to Neuroinflammation in Mice With Dietary Obesity
Authors: Stranahan Alexis M. , Guo De-Huang , Yamamoto Masaki , Hernandez Caterina M. , Khodadadi Hesam , Baban Babak , Zhi Wenbo , Lei Yun , Lu Xinyun , Ding Kehong , Isales Carlos M.
Published: November 2022

Preferential energy storage in subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) confers protection against obesity-induced pathophysiology in females. Females also exhibit distinct immunological responses, relative to males. These differences are often attributed to sex hormones, but reciprocal interactions between metabolism, immunity, and gonadal steroids remain poorly understood. We systematically characterized adipose tissue hypertrophy, sex steroids, and inflammation in male and female mice after increasing durations of high-fat diet (HFD)–induced obesity. After observing that sex differences in adipose tissue distribution before HFD were correlated with lasting protection against inflammation in females, we hypothesized that a priori differences in the ratio of subcutaneous to visceral fat might mediate this relationship. To test this, male and female mice underwent SAT lipectomy (LPX) or sham surgery before HFD challenge, followed by analysis of glial reactivity, adipose tissue inflammation, and reproductive steroids. Because LPX eliminated female resistance to the proinflammatory effects of HFD without changing circulating sex hormones, we conclude that sexually dimorphic organization of subcutaneous and visceral fat determines susceptibility to inflammation in obesity.
Isorhapontigenin Attenuates Cardiac Microvascular Injury in Diabetes via the Inhibition of Mitochondria-Associated Ferroptosis Through PRDX2-MFN2-ACSL4 Pathways
Authors: Chen Yuqiong , Li Su , Yin Ming , Li Yafei , Chen Chao , Zhang Jun , Sun Kangyun , Kong Xiangqing , Chen Zhangwei , Qian Juying
Published: November 2022

Ferroptosis is a newly identified form of regulated cell death that is driven by iron overload and uncontrolled lipid peroxidation, but the role of ferroptosis in cardiac microvascular dysfunction remains unclear. Isorhapontigenin (ISO) is an analog of resveratrol and possesses strong antioxidant capacity and cardiovascular-protective effects. Moreover, ISO has been shown to alleviate iron-induced oxidative damage and lipid peroxidation in mitochondria. Therefore, the current study aimed to explore the benefits of ISO treatment on cardiac microvascular dysfunction in diabetes and the possible mechanisms involved, with a focus on ferroptosis and mitochondria. Our data revealed that ISO treatment improved microvascular density and perfusion in db/db mice by mitigating vascular structural damage, normalizing nitric oxide (NO) production via endothelial NO synthase activation, and enhancing angiogenetic ability via vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 phosphorylation. PRDX2 was identified as a downstream target of ISO, and endothelial-specific overexpression of PRDX2 exerted effects on the cardiac microvascular function that were similar to those of ISO treatment. In addition, PRDX2 mediated the inhibitive effects of ISO treatment on ferroptosis by suppressing oxidative stress, iron overload, and lipid peroxidation. Further study suggested that mitochondrial dynamics and dysfunction contributed to ferroptosis, and ISO treatment or PRDX2 overexpression attenuated mitochondrial dysfunction via MFN2-dependent mitochondrial dynamics. Moreover, MFN2 overexpression suppressed the mitochondrial translocation of ACSL4, ultimately inhibiting mitochondria-associated ferroptosis. In contrast, enhancing mitochondria-associated ferroptosis via ACSL4 abolished the protective effects of ISO treatment on cardiac microcirculation. Taken together, the results of the present work demonstrated the beneficial effects of ISO treatment on cardiac microvascular protection in diabetes by suppressing mitochondria-associated ferroptosis through PRDX2-MFN2-ACSL4 pathways.
Online detection and source tracing of crop straw burning
Authors: Ye Yanpeng , Wan Enlai , Sun Zhongmou , Zhang Xinyang , Zhang Zhirong , Liu Yuzhu
Published: November 2022

The carbon dioxide, sulfur dioxide, and metal ions produced by straw burning can severely pollute the atmosphere; thus, online detection and traceability for straw burning is very important. However, to our best knowledge, there is no comprehensive system that can satisfy online detection, classification, and traceability due to the challenging online detection and traceability of straw burning. In this paper, a new system based on laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) and machine learning is developed, and this developed system is employed for the first time in online detection and traceability of straw combustion. Four different types of straw are selected and the straw burning smoke is monitored online using this developed system. The analysis of straw smoke spectra shows that there are Fe, Mn, and Ba heavy metal spectra in the smoke spectra. By comparing the smoke spectra of different types of straw, the characteristic spectral lines with large differences are selected and dimensionality reduction is performed by linear discriminant analysis algorithm. Then, combined with random forest to achieve classification, the final smoke recognition accuracy reaches 87.0%. Straw ash is then used as a reference analysis and the same operation is performed on it. Mn, Ba, and Li heavy metal spectral lines are found in the spectra of ash, and the final recognition accuracy is 92.6%. The innovative and developed system based on LIBS and machine learning is fast, online, and in situ and has far-reaching application prospects in the environment.
STUDENTS’ E-LEARNING READINESS IN REMOTE TEACHING CONTEXT
Authors: Ariastuti Kadek Novia , Santosa Made Hery , Mahendrayana Gede
Published: November 2022

The study aims to analyze students e-learning readiness which used a mixed-method research design. There were 30 students as the subject of this study. The reliability of this research was 0.70. This study used  an online learning readiness questionnaire. For questionnaire responses, the researcher used Aydin and Tasci’s readiness measurement model to know the score of  students’ e-learning readiness. Besides that, Interview guide. The interview responses were analyzed using Interactive Model Analysis. Therefore, the students e-learning score was  Mo = 3.76. The interview result showed the availability of media and the flexibility of e-leaning as the supporting factor, while the facilities in e-learning as the limiting factor. It can be concluded that  students e-learning readiness is ready buy still need improvement on technology readiness, people readiness, innovation readiness, and self-development readiness This research was rewarding to comprehend students’ e-learning readiness as well as supporting an limiting  in  implementing e-learning in remote teaching. Several recommendations are proposed for vocational school are infrastructure provision in e-learning and socialization to use e-learning.
THE CHARACTERIZATION OF AMANDA COLLIER IN NICHOLAS SPARKS’ THE BEST OF ME (2011)
Authors: Dewi Ni Komang Karisma , Suwastini Ni Komang Arie , Jayantini I Gusti Agung Sri Rwa
Published: November 2022

People can learn human characterization by reading a novel since all characters reflect real-life human characteristics. The study aimed to describe the characterization of Amanda Collier as the female main character in Nicholas Sparks’ The Best of Me (2011). By employing qualitative data analysis from Miles, Huberman, and Saldaña, the present study incorporated the data collection, data condensation, data display and conclusion drawing into a simultaneous, interactive process that was conducted repeatedly to build the research’s trustworthiness. It was revealed that as the main character, Amanda Collier was mainly described as a pretty school girl that made her popular at her school. When she grew up, was also described as a beautiful woman. Amanda Collier was rich and had a college education. Amanda Collier had strong curiosity and she was brave and impulsive. Furthermore, she was also described as generous because she made time to volunteer in a hospital to take care of children with cancer. From this study, it is implied that while enjoying the romance, readers of Nicholas Sparks’ The Best of Me can also learn various good characters reflected in Amanda Collier’s characterizations.
SILEK SEBAGAI IDE PENCIPTAAN DALAM KARYA SENI GRAFIS
Authors: Pernando Peri , Sandra Yofita
Published: November 2022

Tujuan penciptaan karya ini adalah untuk memvisualisasikan kesenian bela diri yaitu pencak silat (silek). Gerakan silek pada saat ini memiliki sifat dinamis. Gerakan dinamis pada Bela diri pencak silat (silek) cendrung  kurang diminati atau kurang diperhatikan oleh generasi  muda sehingga hal ini menjadi sumber ide penciptakan dan pokok permasalahan bagi penulis untuk melahirkan sepuluh karya seni grafis, relief print (linolium cut) selain itu karya ini bertujuan untuk meningkatkan kepekaan terhadap generasi muda, masyarakat, dan pemerintah, untuk lebih memperhatikan seni bela diri. Metode penciptaan ini kerya menggunakan lima tahap yaitu dalam mewujudkan bentuk melalui kombinasi, garis, bidang, ruang, warna, gelap terang, bentuk dan keseimbangan sehingga menghasilkan karya seni grafis yang menarik. Dalam karya seni grafis yang penulis ciptakan terdapat sepuluh karya dengan judul : Salam, Sambah lega, Gelek I, Gelek II, Tagak jo Langkah, Simpia, Tagak bajelo I, Tagak bajelo II, Sudu, Sambah .