bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Assessment of impinged flame structure in high-pressure direct diesel injection
Authors: Zhao Zhihao , Zhu Xiucheng , Naber Jeffrey , Lee Seong-Young
Published: July 2019

Spray impingement often occurs during cold-start in direct-injection diesel engines, affecting the subsequent combustion process by altering the local flow condition. This work has investigated the impinged flame structure by examining local expansion distance and planar curvature of the boundary in details. The experiments were carried out in a constant volume combustion chamber. The injection pressure and ambient density were varied from 120 to 180 MPa and 14.8 to 30.0 kg/m3 under non-vaporizing conditions, respectively. For reacting conditions, the injection pressure and ambient density were fixed at 150 MPa and 22.8 kg/m3 but with different ambient temperatures from 800 to 1000 K. Unlike orthogonal spray impingement, the profile of expansion distance along the radial direction at the 60° impinging angle is non-uniform but the profile is comparable between the non-vaporizing and reacting conditions under the same injection pressure and ambient density. With the help of Intensity-aXial-Time method, the most intensive soot luminosity region and Mie scattering intensity region are identified and the region has been found to be along the impinged spray axial direction. Outmost boundary of an impinged flame is found to have wrinkles attributed to air entrainment. The temporal level of flame wrinkles is higher in reacting conditions than in non-vaporizing conditions. The scatter distribution of the boundary curvature and near-field soot formation illustrates an inverted “S” shape correlation with time. High flame luminosity is found to be formed in concave regions while less soot is formed in convex regions. This inverted S-shape is a new finding of the state relationship at the solid–liquid–gas impinged flame propagation. Finally, heat flux measurement through the plate is examined.
A Hybrid Online and Offline Approach to Market Measurement Studies
Authors: Cooke Mike , Watkins Nick , Moy Corrine
Published: July 2019

This paper presents a case study of how GfK NOP is moving one of the UK's major market measurement studies online. In this case study we share our learning and illustrate, with empirical data, the limits and possibilities that panel-based research offers in this most demanding arena for online research. Our conclusion is that, in this instance, it is inappropriate to replace the traditional face-to-face methodology with a wholly online solution, but that, instead, a multi-modal approach that combines face-to-face with online interviewing is the way forward.
‘Connected Research’ - How Market Research can Get the Most out of Semantic Web Waves
Authors: Schillewaert Niels , De Ruyck Tom , Verhaeghe Annelies
Published: July 2019

The new internet evolutions (Web 2.0 and beyond) have not yet been truly embedded in the market research process. We introduce the term ‘connected research’ as an embedded form of market research that uses online tools to tap into social interactions between consumers and allows a more equal relationship between researchers and participants in terms of communication as well as content and input. This paper provides an overview of an enhanced toolbox for market research from which practitioners can choose those instruments that provide an enhanced solution for a specific research problem.
Conference Notes - Media Research: Can Technology Replace Interviews?
Authors: Windle Richard
Published: July 2019

This paper summarises the presentation by Richard Windle on “Media research: can technology replace interviews?” given at the IJMR Research Methods Forum: ‘Methods Matter: Interviewing and Beyond’, 25 November 2008, Royal Society, London.
Conference Notes - Research Ethics in the Virtual World
Authors: Nairn Agnes
Published: July 2019

This paper summarises the presentation by Agnes Nairn on “Research ethics in the virtual world” given at the IJMR Research Methods Forum: ‘Methods Matter: Interviewing and Beyond’, 25 November 2008, Royal Society, London.
Conference Notes - Webnography: Its Evolution and Implications for Market Research
Authors: Puri Anjali
Published: July 2019

This paper summarises the presentation by Anjali Puri on “Webnography: its evolution and implications for market research” given at the IJMR Research Methods Forum: ‘Methods Matter: Interviewing and Beyond’, 25 November 2008, Royal Society, London.
The Influences of Brand Usage on Response to Advertising Awareness Measures
Authors: Romaniuk Jenni , Wight Samuel
Published: July 2019

While there are many measures of advertising awareness, there are few guidelines about which of these a researcher should select. We examine how using the brand influences consumer responses to three measures commonly used in advertising tracking instruments. We find that for both top-of-mind and total unprompted advertising awareness measures, brand users are about 2.5 times more likely to recall advertising exposure than non-users; however, this ratio was lower for brand-prompted advertising awareness, with brand users only about 1.7 times more likely than non-users. This, we find, is because non-users respond more to brand-prompted advertising awareness measures. This result influences the scores for small brands, which get 80% of their responses from non-users only when they are prompted with the brand name. Our conclusion is therefore that scores from different advertising awareness measures are not directly comparable, unless split into separate brand user/non-user groups. Further, practitioners interested in the results for small-share or new brands should use brand-prompted measures, otherwise they risk underestimating the advertising reach and effectiveness of these brands.
Book Reviews - Doing Conversation, Discourse and Document Analysis
Authors: Rapley Tim , Tagg Stephen K.
Published: July 2019

A book review about Doing Conversation, Discourse and Document Analysis by Tim Rapley, (2007), Sage Publications.
FORUM - Word of Mouse - An Assessment of Electronic Word-of-Mouth Research
Authors: Breazeale Michael
Published: July 2019

Word-of-mouth (WOM) communication has received a great deal of attention from marketing academics and practitioners alike. Widespread use of the internet for shopping, information gathering and entertainment purposes has changed not only the ways that WOM can be studied and manipulated but also the very nature of the phenomenon. Published research into electronic WOM (eWOM) first appeared in the top-level marketing journals only about ten years ago. Since that time, there has been a great deal of research but no synthesis of the knowledge that would allow one to draw conclusions regarding the evolving nature of WOM and to extend the theory applied to this topic. This paper will address that gap, applying the paradigm funnel technique and will suggest some future research directions.
Response to Viewpoint - ‘The Faddish Breakouts of Ethnography’
Authors: Taylor Humphrey
Published: July 2019

The market research industry is full of ‘fads’, ideas that have disappeared because they did not work very well. Somebody should write a history of such fads over the past 30 years.
The Gear Model of Advertising - Modelling Human Response to Advertising Stimuli
Authors: Cramphorn Michael F. , Meyer Denny
Published: July 2019

One of the goals when add+impact® (a+i)®was founded in 1991 was to develop a database that could be used to add to the general understanding of how people respond to advertising. Recent applications were the Integrative model and a comparison of response tendencies to advertising between men and women. However, a crucial aspect of the advertising process – how to account for the nature and contribution of creativity to the ‘watchability’ of advertising – has not been satisfactorily explained. This paper presents a breakthrough in understanding how people respond to advertising, and shows that it is possible to predict, with a very great degree of confidence, how well a given ad will achieve the ultimate objective of all advertising: to increase the ‘purchase intent’ towards the advertised brand, immediately after exposure and before there has been time for other intervening events to dilute or otherwise alter that immediate effect. It also enables a clear understanding of how that response came to be.
Taking up An Event: Brand Image Transfer during the FIFA World Cup
Authors: Neijens Peter , Smit Edith , Moorman Marjolein
Published: July 2019

A real-life study (N = 1299) into brand images during and after the 2006 FIFA World Cup football tournament showed that the event was a good platform for the creation of brand images through ‘take-up’ advertising in which the brand was associated with the event. Exposure level and involvement with the event had a positive effect on image transfer from event to brand. A measurement of brand images three months post-tournament showed that the positive effects had endured.
Book Review: David Birks and Tim Macer - Marketing Research: Critical Perspectives on Business and Management
Authors: Wilson Alan
Published: July 2019

Alan Wilson reviews “Marketing Research: Critical Perspectives on Business and Management” by David Birks and Tim Macer
Editorial: Engaging Practitioners and Academics
Authors: Mouncey Peter
Published: July 2019

In his editorial, Peter Mouncey discusses the challenges in engaging practitioners and academics to write papers for journals and introduces the topics for IJMR issue 51,6 2009.
Commitment: Predicting Persistence for Low-SES Students
Authors: Zembrodt Isabella
Published: July 2019

Students with low socioeconomic status (SES) are more likely to leave college without a degree than students with high SES, although there are fewer low-SES students who persist to graduation. The most likely time for students to leave the University is after the first year. The purpose of this qualitative study of low-SES students, both retained and not retained, is to understand their first-year experience and the factors that led to the decision to persist or not. Unlike previous research, neither satisfaction nor obstacles such as finances, academic preparation, or social integration differentiated between students who persisted or not. The difference between those who persisted and those who did not was commitment as defined by the investment model. The committed students believed education was an investment in their future, and their future without a college degree was not an attractive alternative. They were motivated to persist.
A Single-Center, Randomized, Controlled Comparison of the Transradial vs Transfemoral Approach for Cerebral Angiography: A Learning Curve Analysis
Authors: Liu Yandong , Wen Xingzhu , Bai Jun , Ji Xiangguo , Zhi Kangkang , Qu Lefeng
Published: July 2019

Purpose: To compare the characteristics and learning curve of the transfemoral approach (TFA) vs the transradial approach (TRA) for cerebral angiography. Materials and Methods: Between February 2016 and April 2017, 101 patients undergoing cerebral angiography were enrolled. Fifty-one patients (mean age 67 years; 40 men) were randomized to TFA and 50 (mean age 68 years; 41 men) to TRA using a computer-generated random table. The patients’ demographic and angiographic data were recorded and analyzed. The learning curve of a novice interventionist was analyzed for procedure time, puncture time, fluoroscopy time, and contrast volume as markers of technical proficiency with TFA compared with TRA. Median values are given with the interquartile range (IQR). Results: Procedure time [35 (IQR 30, 47.5) vs 31.0 (IQR 25.0, 48.9) minutes, p=0.16), fluoroscopy time [10.3 (IQR 7.6, 13.9) vs 9.4 (IQR 6.1, 17.6) minutes, p=0.70], contrast volume [105 (IQR 92, 120) vs 95.5 (IQR 90, 111.3) mL, p=0.13), radiation exposure [390.2 (IQR 268.2, 617.9) vs 455.8 (IQR 286.8, 602.3) mGy, p=0.74], and the number of catheter exchanges [1 (IQR 1, 3) vs 1 (IQR 1, 1), p=0.06] were not significantly different between the TFA and TRA groups, respectively, but puncture time was shorter with TFA than with TRA [0.6 (IQR 0.5, 1.1) vs 1 (IQR 0.6, 1.9) minutes, p=0.01]. The learning curve was steeper with TRA than with TFA in the beginning stages of training, but with increasing experience, the procedure and fluoroscopy times were better for TRA than for TFA. Training progress was made earlier in TRA. Conclusion: TRA is a reasonable alternative to TFA for cerebral angiography. TRA has a shorter learning curve for novice interventionists.
Vessel Calcification as a Risk Factor for In-Stent Restenosis in Complex Femoropopliteal Lesions After Zilver PTX Paclitaxel-Coated Stent Placement
Authors: Ichihashi Shigeo , Shibata Tsuyoshi , Fujimura Naoki , Nagatomi Satoru , Yamamoto Hiroshi , Kyuragi Ryoichi , Adachi Akira , Iwakoshi Shinichi , Bolstad Francesco , Saeki Keigo , Obayashi Kenji , Kichikawa Kimihiko
Published: July 2019

Purpose: To evaluate the effect of vessel calcification on in-stent restenosis (ISR) after drug-coated stent (DCS) placement in the femoropopliteal segment. Materials and Methods: A retrospective multicenter study was undertaken involving 220 consecutive symptomatic patients (mean age 73.1±8.3 years; 175 men) with femoropopliteal lesions in 230 limbs treated with the Zilver PTX DCS and having duplex surveillance after the endovascular procedures. Mean lesion length was 16.4±9.8 cm (range 2–40); there were 104 (45.2%) total occlusions and 68 (29.6%) in-stent restenoses (ISR). Twenty (8.7%) vessels had no runoff. The majority of lesions (148, 64.3%) were calcified according to the peripheral arterial calcium scoring system (PACSS). Primary patency was evaluated by duplex. Lesions were classified as either PACSS 0–2 (none or unilateral wall calcification) or PACSS 3 and 4 (bilateral wall calcification). Multivariate analysis was performed to identify variables associated with ISR; the results are given as the hazard ratio (HR) and 95% confidence interval (CI). Results: The 1-, 2-, and 5-year primary patency and freedom from clinically-driven target lesion revascularization estimates were 75.9%, 63.6%, and 45.0%, and 84.7%, 73.7%, and 54.2%, respectively. Major amputations were performed on 4 limbs during follow-up. In multivariate analysis, vessel calcification (adjusted HR 1.718, 95% CI 1.035 to 2.851, p=0.036) was significantly correlated with the occurrence of ISR, along with lesion length (adjusted HR 1.041, 95% CI 1.013 to 1.070, p=0.003), and cilostazol administration (adjusted HR 0.476, 95% CI 0.259 to 0.876, p=0.017). Conclusion: This study suggested that bilateral vessel wall calcification was an independent risk factor for ISR in complex femoropopliteal lesions after Zilver PTX DCS placement, along with lesion length; cilostazol administration had a protective effect.
Bringing EEG Back to the Future: Use of cEEG in Neurocritical Care
Authors: Bermeo-Ovalle Adriana
Published: July 2019

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Design and analysis of a clinical trial using previous trials as historical control
Authors: Schoenfeld David Alan , Finkelstein Dianne M , Macklin Eric , Zach Neta , Ennist David L , Taylor Albert A , Atassi Nazem ,   The Pooled Resource Open-Access ALS Clinical Trials Consortium
Published: July 2019

Background/Aims

For single arm trials, a treatment is evaluated by comparing an outcome estimate to historically reported outcome estimates. Such a historically controlled trial is often analyzed as if the estimates from previous trials were known without variation and there is no trial-to-trial variation in their estimands. We develop a test of treatment efficacy and sample size calculation for historically controlled trials that considers these sources of variation.

Methods

We fit a Bayesian hierarchical model, providing a sample from the posterior predictive distribution of the outcome estimand of a new trial, which, along with the standard error of the estimate, can be used to calculate the probability that the estimate exceeds a threshold. We then calculate criteria for statistical significance as a function of the standard error of the new trial and calculate sample size as a function of difference to be detected. We apply these methods to clinical trials for amyotrophic lateral sclerosis using data from the placebo groups of 16 trials.

Results

We find that when attempting to detect the small to moderate effect sizes usually assumed in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis clinical trials, historically controlled trials would require a greater total number of patients than concurrently controlled trials, and only when an effect size is extraordinarily large is a historically controlled trial a reasonable alternative. We also show that utilizing patient level data for the prognostic covariates can reduce the sample size required for a historically controlled trial.

Conclusion

This article quantifies when historically controlled trials would not provide any sample size advantage, despite dispensing with a control group.
Creation of an institutional semi-independent data monitoring committee
Authors: Tannock Lisa R , Barton-Baxter Marietta , Stoops William W
Published: July 2019

Background

A major goal of the National Institutes of Health’s Clinical and Translational Science Award program is to facilitate clinical research and enhance the transition of basic to clinical research. As such, a number of Clinical and Translational Science Award centers have developed services to facilitate the conduct of clinical research, including support with fulfilling regulatory requirements.

Methods

The University of Kentucky sought to establish an institutional semi-independent monitoring committee to provide oversight for clinical research studies per National Institutes of Health requirements and recommendations. Our semi-independent monitoring committee was initiated in 2010.

Results

Since the inception of our semi-independent monitoring committee we have restructured its operations and protocols to improve efficiency. This article discusses our experiences with semi-independent monitoring committee creation and growth.

Conclusion

This article summarizes our experience in creating and maturing an institutional data monitoring committee.
Rheumatoid Meningitis: Clinical Characteristics, Diagnostic Evaluation, and Treatment
Authors: Parsons Angela M. , Aslam Fawad , Grill Marie F. , Aksamit Allen J. , Goodman Brent P.
Published: July 2019

Background and Purpose:

Due to the potential for high mortality and neurologic complications of rheumatoid meningitis (RM), awaiting biopsy confirmation may delay vital treatment intervention. Our aim was to describe the clinical presentations of RM in our population and determine whether meningeal biopsy impacted diagnosis, treatment, and outcomes.

Methods:

A retrospective chart review was completed for patients at Mayo Clinic with a diagnosis of RM within the last 28 years. Those with identified alternative inflammatory, infectious, or neoplastic causes of pachymeningitis or leptomeningitis were excluded.

Results:

Fourteen patients meeting inclusion/exclusion criteria were identified. All patients were positive for rheumatoid factor or cyclic citrullinated peptide. All patients had magnetic resonance imaging abnormalities characterized by pachymeningeal and/or leptomeningeal enhancement. Of the 10 patients who underwent biopsy, nonspecific findings were seen in 74%. All patients except one were treated with corticosteroids with subsequent symptomatic improvement. Radiographic improvement or resolution was seen in 10 (83%) of 12. Patients improved with corticosteroid treatment, including those who were diagnosed with RM on clinical basis without undergoing a biopsy as well.

Conclusions:

This retrospective review displays the myriad of clinical presentations of RM. It also suggests that with appropriate exclusion of infectious, neoplastic, and other autoimmune etiologies, biopsy may not be necessary to initiate treatment.
On Trust and Disgust: Evidence From Face Reading and Virtual Reality
Authors: Kugler Tamar , Ye Bohan , Motro Daphna , Noussair Charles N.
Published: July 2019

We report three studies exploring the relationship between disgust and trust. Study 1a measured emotions using face-reading technology while participants played a repeated trust game. We observed a negative correlation between trust and disgust. Study 1b employed self-reports along with the face reader. The self-report procedure adversely affected participants’ emotional state and eliminated the correlation between trust and other emotions. Study 2 induced incidental disgust or sadness using virtual reality and manipulated participants’ awareness of the source of their emotions. Disgusted participants judged others as less trustworthy and sent less in a trust game than sad or control participants. An interaction indicated that awareness of the source of emotions eliminated the effect. Our data are consistent with the association between disgust and harsher moral judgments and suggest that disgust is antithetical to the building of trust. However, the association disappears if individuals are aware that their disgust is unrelated to the setting.
Patients with oral submucous fibrosis who visit dental hospitals have nonspecific chief complaints
Authors: Gadbail Amol Ramchandra , Dande Ravi , Sarode Sachin C , Gondivkar Shailesh , Belekar Lalita , Mankar-Gadbail Mugdha , Sarode Gargi S , Patil Shankargouda , Yuwanati Monal
Published: July 2019

Background:

The first consultation with a health-care professional is crucial to make the correct diagnosis particularly with respect to narrating the symptoms encountered by the patient. Yet, currently, no information is available concerning the primary symptoms documented by patients with oral submucous fibrosis (OSF).

Materials and Methods:

A total of 158 OSF patients visiting outdoor patient departments (OSF-OPDs) and 104 pan shop customers (PSCs) were investigated. OSF-OPD cases and relevant PSCs cases were investigated to discover the chief complaints (CCs) leading to dental visits. Detailed demographic data, patient histories concerning relevant habits (with duration), and socioeconomic status were recorded. OSF cases were graded based on the degree of mouth opening.

Results:

Out of 158 OSF-OPD patients, only 43 (26.58%) reported relevant disease symptoms of OSF: in stage III, 28.57%, or stage IV, 38.09%. One hundred and sixteen patients (73.41%) reported CCs unrelated to OSF, and all of these cases were diagnosed with an early stage of OSF (stage I: 47.05% and stage II: 22.5%). Out of the total 104 PSCs, 66 PSCs have had prior dental consultations, but only five (4.80%) individuals had visited a health-care professional due to OSF-related CCs.

Conclusion:

A significant number of CCs made by OSF patients were unrelated to their disease signs and symptoms. There is a lack of awareness of OSF symptoms by pan chewers, thus hindering early detection.
From the Finnish Experience to the Chinese Path: Review and Reflections on Chinese Research on Finnish Education
Authors: Cai Yuzhuo , Zuo Bing
Published: July 2019

Purpose:

The purpose of this article is (1) to provide a critical analysis of the Finnish experience of education reforms based on published Chinese research on Finnish education and (2) to discuss how such experience can serve as a model as China embarks on its own path toward educational reform.

Design/Approach/Methods:

This article is based on an analysis of the research on Finnish education contained in the Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure database from 2000 to 2017.

Findings:

The analysis shows that although the various aspects of Finnish education have been extensively studied in China, the content of prior studies has generally been similar and is insufficiently in depth. In particular, current research (1) lacks effective exploration of the successful experience of Finnish education reform and (2) devotes insufficient attention to the social culture perspective and core concepts that serve as the basis of education in Finland.

Originality/Value:

This article extends the authors’ recent review of Chinese research on Finnish education and places special emphasis on the discussions regarding how China can learn from Finland’s experience with educational reform. It also identifies gaps in the current research in the field and calls for a change in the future research agenda from examining the successful elements of Finnish education to focusing on how the experience of Finnish education is relevant to reforms in China.
The Learning Sciences in China: Historical Development and Future Trends
Authors: Zhao Jian , Yang Xiaozhe
Published: July 2019

Purpose:

This study charts the developmental history of the learning sciences (LS) in China and analyzes the direction of its future development.

Design/Approach/Methods:

An extensive literature review is presented to compile notable events in the development of LS in China over different periods. The findings are then systematically sorted and interpreted.

Findings:

This study maps the LS developmental process across three main periods: prescientific, psychological paradigm, and initial scientific paradigm. China has achieved certain initial developments in LS and has formed collaborative bodies to conduct sustained and in-depth learning research. However, the field remains at a preliminary developmental stage in China. Overall, there is still no sound mechanism for the production of new knowledge, and contributions bearing distinctive Chinese characteristics remain insufficient.

Originality/Value:

This article presents a comprehensive analysis of the development of LS in China. It proposes four main areas for future growth: forming a stable academic community, developing appropriate curriculum and teaching materials, creating an effective mechanism within the discipline for knowledge production, and establishing a local system of discourse for the discipline.
Competing Theories for Improving Teacher Preparation Programs: The Case of North Carolina
Authors: McDiarmid G. Williamson
Published: July 2019

Purpose:

Written from the prospective of a school of education dean, the article describes how deans worked with researchers and university system staff to develop multiple measures of teacher preparation program (TPP) quality.

Design/Approach/Methods:

As a key participant in the development of a multi-methods approach to evaluating (TPP) quality, the author frequently interacted with the university system oversight staff, the researchers tasked with measuring TPP quality, and the school of education deans. The article draws on his experience in collaborating with individuals in these three groups over an 8-year period. The article also reviews the controversial history of hierarchical linear models as tools for evaluating TPPs.

Findings:

The author argues that over time and as a result of frequent conversations and discussions, the three groups collaborated in creating a data dashboard that provides TPP faculty with evidence that enables them to make data-informed improvements to their programs and satisfies policymakers’ interest in informing the public of TPP quality.

Originality/Value:

Few, if any, articles have been published that describe a collaborative process for creating a data repository that can inform the continuous improvement of TPPs and address policymakers’ concerns about teacher quality. Educators, researchers, and policymakers elsewhere may learn about how to develop a partnership focused on generating and using data in program improvement as well as the value of multiple measures in evaluating TPPs and informing policymakers.
From External Accountability to Potential-Oriented Development: Quality Assurance System Building for Teacher Preparation in China
Authors: Song Huan , Xu Miao
Published: July 2019

Purpose:

From the perspective of performance standards-based teacher education, this article aimed to address progress and challenges of China’s teacher preparation quality assurance system.

Design/Approach/Methods:

This review is based on policy review and case studies. Retrieving to the existing research literature, this research sorted out the policies related to the quality assurance system for university-based teacher preparation in China. Furthermore, this research selected teacher preparation programs from five cases of teacher education colleges of varied levels and used interviews to analyze their attitudes and measures.

Findings:

The analysis reveals that the quality system for university-based teacher preparation in China’s educational institutions has gone through two main stages: the building stage and the improvement stage. The internal policy tension in China’s teacher preparation quality assurance system is primarily centralized in the dissociation among and segmentation between the relevant standards for teacher education. There is a distinction between “soft” and “hard” policy standards, and reforming the teacher certification testing system also brings a test-oriented bias and a separation of evaluation from education. Institutions of higher education are expected to follow the path of potential-oriented development and concentrate on cooperative partnerships between local communities and schools so as to nurture innovative, professional future educators with high quality.

Originality/Value:

This article provides a comprehensive and detailed policy analysis as well as empirical evidence for the quality assurance system for university-based teacher preparation in China.
Development and Initial Validation of the Communication About Medication by Providers–Parent Scale (CAMP-P)
Authors: Igler Eva , Sejkora Ellen , Greenley Rachel , Plevinsky Jill , Bugno Lindsey , Carreon Samantha , Davies W. Hobart
Published: July 2019

This study evaluated the psychometric properties of the Communication about Medication by Providers–Parent Scale (CAMP-P), a 24-item measure of communication relevant to medication adherence between parents and medical providers. Parents of youth (ages 2-7 years) who had received a prescription within the last 12 months completed online surveys regarding demographic and appointment variables, and child’s recent prescription medications, and they completed the newly developed CAMP-P. Exploratory factor analysis of CAMP-P identified 20 items about provider communication corresponding to 3 distinct scales: medication administration strategies, encouraging communication, and addressing barriers to medication taking. Factor scales were related to appointment variables, such as length of time spent discussing medications. The CAMP-P demonstrated good internal consistency and convergent and divergent validity. The CAMP-P is a novel, validated measure of parent perceptions of medication communication and can be utilized to evaluate parent-provider communication on pediatric medication adherence in clinical and research settings.
Catechesis for Children: A Methodological Review of Pastoral Responsibility in Nigeria
Authors: Okpaleke Ikenna P.
Published: July 2019

The pastoral responsibility of training children in faith requires an effective method of catechesis. This task, however, is often neglected or poorly practiced in some places. In the context of the Roman Catholic Church in Nigeria, catechesis for children faces many challenges, for it has not been updated since the missionary era. This article addresses this problem by applying a pastoral methodology of kairology for updating children’s catechesis. In a thematic format, it clarifies what needs to be done and how to go about it.
Children and Liturgy: Considering the Place Children Have in Liturgical Worship
Authors: Phillips Prasad D. R. J.
Published: July 2019

The Book of Common Worship of the Church of South India (CSI, a church developed from various Protestant denominations coming together) is said to be one of the greatest Christian expressions of unity in diversity. In this article I discuss the notion of the citizenship of children in church, specifically looking at the liturgical practices in the CSI. I first give a brief historical setting of the CSI and its liturgy and then investigate the status, identity, and rights of children within the context of worship in CSI churches.
Managing Worship, Mothering Missions: Children’s Prayerful Performances Linking the United States and Angola in the Early Twentieth Century
Authors: Ellis Pullen Ann W. , Robbins Sarah Ruffing
Published: July 2019

In writings by Nellie Arnott, who taught for the American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions in Angola from 1905 to 1912, we find a complex interplay between affiliation and distancing in portrayals of her students and their communities. A somewhat different version of Arnott and her students appears in narratives written by editors and contributors to her main publication venue, Mission Studies: Woman’s Work in Foreign Lands. This essay investigates discursive tensions between her own narrative stance and that of her magazine managers, whose views on racial issues often displayed stereotypical bias against, and limited knowledge about, Angola.
The Synod on Young People, Missionary Discipleship, and the Decolonial Option
Authors: Horan Daniel P.
Published: July 2019

Pope Francis has emphasized the importance of embracing the universal call to be “missionary disciples.” In calling for the 2018 Synod of Bishops on the theme of young people, he highlighted the need for church leaders to renew their understanding of and approach to young people as they discern how to embrace their call to be missionary disciples. The final document of the synod reveals that many church leaders still do not understand the pope’s vision or the reality of young adults. To overcome this interpretative bias, church leaders must reconstitute their worldview and embrace the decolonial option.
Sonographic Evaluation of a Fetal Right-Sided Diaphragmatic Hernia: A Case Study
Authors: Withem Kelli
Published: July 2019

Congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH) is a condition that occurs during fetal development where the abdominal viscera herniates through a defect in the diaphragm. CDH manifests on either the right or left side of the diaphragm, but more often on the left side. With advancement in sonographic imaging, this condition can be diagnosed as early as the first trimester. Knowledge of the sonographic appearance and any differential diagnosis of CDH will allow sonographers to document this condition. This permits for diagnosis and early intervention for the fetus. A case report is reviewed of a right-sided CDH with the gallbladder, liver, and bowel present in the thoracic cavity.
Crossing the Valley of Death: Managing the When, What, and How of Innovative Development Projects
Authors: Midler Christophe
Published: July 2019

The last few decades have seen a profound transformation of innovation project management within automobile firms. During the 1990s, the product development phase was revolutionized by the deployment of heavyweight project management, project portfolio processes, and platform strategies. The 2000s saw the forces of change move upstream in the innovation process, with the development of new methodologies intended to develop and orient creativity, as well as new upfront units acting as innovation labs. However, many upfront creative endeavors still encounter an innovation valley of death when they move into the rigid and risk-averse development phase. Thus, the frontier of innovative project organization seems to be the ongoing quest to reconcile the emergence of breakthrough innovations in the upfront phase with the more rationalized nature of development phases. Based on a case study of a disruptive low-cost car, this article analyzes how the product development phase can support innovative exploration to overcome the challenge of achieving a major cost breakthrough. We analyze the specific content of the project’s innovations ( fractal innovation) and the management practices and organizations used to implement them. We characterize how such innovative product development can contribute to a new economy of innovative effort within the global innovation funnel of the firm. We compare this global innovation process, where development projects play a major role as a locus for organizational learning, to the customary one in automotive firms, where learning happens essentially in front-end marketing and engineering departments.
Assessing the Implementation of American College of Surgeons Quality Indicators for Pancreatic Cancer Across an Integrated Health System
Authors: Solomon Daniel , DeNicola Natasha , Feferman Yael , Feingold Daniela , Aycart Samantha N. , Magge Deepa R. , Golas Benjamin J. , Attiyeh Fadi , Labow Daniel M. , Sarpel Umut
Published: July 2019

PURPOSE:

The American College of Surgeons (ACS) recently published quality assurance (QA) indicators for pancreatic cancer care. Implementing quality indicators in a newly formed health system may lead to better patient selection and standardized cancer care.

METHODS:

Select ACS and internal quality indicators were implemented system wide in 2014. We compared compliance with these measures before and after their implementation at the main hospital and two new affiliate institutions.

RESULTS:

A total of 506 patients with pancreatic cancer were included. At the main hospital in the pre-QA period, 11 (12.6%) of 87 patients were discussed at our institutional multidisciplinary tumor board meeting; this number rose to 89 (49.7%) of 179 patients ( P < .001) after the implementation. Clinical TNM stage was documented in the electronic medical record in 75 patients (86.2%) in the pre-QA group; this number rose to 170 (94.9%; P = .026) in the post-QA era. External imaging of patients undergoing resection was uploaded in 10 (66.7%) of 15 patient cases in the pre-QA period; this number rose to 33 (93.4%) of 35 ( P = .020). Rates of time from diagnosis to treatment initiation shorter than 60 days were similar between eras (n = 26, 96.3% v n = 57, 95%). Implementation of QA measures at the affiliate institutions did not result in measurable differences. There were no differences in margin-negative resection rate, lymph node yield, or perioperative mortality after QA implementation at any site.

CONCLUSION:

The implementation of ACS quality indicators at our main hospital was feasible and effective for several measures, without delaying treatment. Instituting these indicators at lower-volume affiliates was more challenging.
Dipeptidyl Peptidase 4 Inhibition Increases Postprandial Norepinephrine via Substance P (NK1 Receptor) During RAAS Inhibition
Authors: Wilson Jessica R , Kerman Scott Jafarian , Hubers Scott A , Yu Chang , Nian Hui , Grouzmann Eric , Eugster Philippe J , Mayfield Dustin S , Brown Nancy J
Published: July 2019

Context

Dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP4) inhibitors may increase the risk of heart failure. Decreased degradation of vasoactive peptides like substance P [also degraded by angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE)] and Y1 agonists peptide YY (PYY 1-36) and neuropeptide Y (NPY 1-36) could contribute.

Objective

This study tested the hypothesis that there is an interactive effect of DPP4 inhibition and ACE inhibition (vs antihypertensive control subjects) on vasoactive peptides after a mixed meal.

Participants and Design

Fifty-three patients with type 2 diabetes and hypertension were randomized to double-blind treatment with ramipril, valsartan, or amlodipine for 15 weeks in parallel groups. During the 5th, 10th, and 15th weeks, participants also received placebo + placebo, sitagliptin 100 mg/d + placebo, and sitagliptin + aprepitant 80 mg/d in random order. On the last day of each crossover treatment, participants underwent a mixed-meal study.

Results

Sitagliptin increased postprandial glucagon-like peptide-1 and decreased glucose in all antihypertensive groups. Sitagliptin increased NPY 1-36 and decreased Y2 agonists NPY 3-36 and PYY 3-36 in all groups. During ramipril or valsartan, but not amlodipine, sitagliptin increased postprandial norepinephrine; substance P receptor blockade with aprepitant prevented this effect. Despite increased norepinephrine, sitagliptin decreased postprandial blood pressure during ACE inhibition.

Conclusion

DPP4 inhibition increases postprandial concentrations of the Y1 agonist NPY 1-36. During treatment with an ACE inhibitor or angiotensin receptor blocker, DPP4 inhibition increased postprandial norepinephrine through a substance P receptor–dependent mechanism. Increased NPY 1-36 and norepinephrine could increase risk of heart failure but did not result in higher postprandial blood pressure.
Lung Isolation for Whole Lung Lavage in a Pediatric Patient With Atypical Airway Anatomy due to Short Stature: A Case Report
Authors: Eklund Susan E. , Levin David N.
Published: July 2019

This case demonstrates the airway management of a pediatric patient with short stature due to STAT5b deficiency, a rare genetic immunodeficiency associated with lung disease and endocrinopathy. The patient had recurrent pulmonary infections and pulmonary alveolar proteinosis (PAP) for which whole lung lavage (WLL) was recommended. Due to short stature and overall body habitus, the patient’s airway would not accommodate a traditional double-lumen tube (DLT). Therefore, we placed 2 single-lumen breathing tubes: 1 endobronchial and 1 endotracheal, to mimic a DLT and facilitate WLL, demonstrating a viable option for lung isolation in the absence of purpose-built equipment.
In human sperm nucleus nucleosomes form spatially restricted domains consistent with programmed nucleosome positioning
Authors: Zhang Mei-Zi , Cao Xiao-Min , Xu Feng-Qin , Liang Xiao-Wei , Fu Long-Long , Li Bao , Liu Wei-Guang , Li Shuo-Guo , Sun Fang-Zhen , Huang Xiu-Ying , Huang Wei-Hong
Published: July 2019

In human sperm, a fraction of its chromatin retains nucleosomes that are positioned on specific sequences containing genes and regulatory units essential for embryonic development. This nucleosome positioning (NP) feature provides an inherited epigenetic mark for sperm. However, it is not known whether there is a structural constraint for these nucleosomes and, if so, how they are localized in a three-dimensional (3D) context of the sperm nucleus. In this study, we examine the 3D organization of sperm chromatin and specifically determine its 3D localization of nucleosomes using structured illumination microscopy. A fraction of the sperm chromatin form nucleosome domains (NDs), visible as microscopic puncta ranging from 40 µm to 700 µm in diameter, and these NDs are precisely localized in the post acrosome region (PAR), outside the sperm's core chromatin. Further, NDs exist mainly in sperm from fertile men in a pilot survey with a small sample size. Together, this study uncovers a new spatially restricted sub-nuclear structure containing NDs that are consistent with NPs of the sperm, which might represent a novel mark for healthy sperm in human.
What determines the basal rate of metabolism?
Authors: McNab Brian K.
Published: July 2019

The basal rate of metabolism (BMR) is the most reported estimate of energy expenditure in endotherms. Its principal determinant is body mass, but it also correlates with a variety of behavioral not determine basal rate, they are byproducts of the mechanisms that are its determinate. In mammals, mass-independent basal rate increases with muscle mass when it is>40% of body mass. Then basal rates in mammals are≥100% of the values expected from mass. Mammals with muscle masses<30% of body mass have lower basal rates, a diminished capacity to regulate body temperature, and often a reduced level of activity. At muscle masses<42% of body mass, birds have body temperatures and basal rates higher than mammals with the same muscle mass. Their high basal rates derive from a high blood flow and mitochondrial density in their pectoral muscles. These factors also occur in the flight muscles of bats. Oxygen transport to the pectoral muscles of birds is facilitated by an increase in heart mass and hematocrit. This arrangement avoids transporting a large muscle mass to fuel flight, thereby reducing the cost of flight. Pectoral muscle masses<9% of body mass correlate with a flightless condition in kiwis, rails, and ducks. Some fruit pigeons have basal rates as low as kiwis, while remaining volant. The mass-independent basal rates of endotherms principally reflect changes of muscle activity and mass. An increase in muscle mass may have contributed to the evolution of endothermy.
High-Intensity Interval Training Is Feasible in Women at High Risk for Breast Cancer
Authors: COLETTA ADRIANA M. , BREWSTER ABENAA M. , CHEN MINXING , LI YISHENG , BEVERS THERESE B. , BASEN-ENGQUIST KAREN , GILCHRIST SUSAN C.
Published: July 2019

Purpose

This trial aimed to demonstrate the feasibility of high-intensity interval training (HIIT) in postmenopausal, overweight/obese women at high risk of invasive breast cancer and to explore HIIT on changes in cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF), body weight, and body mass index (BMI) compared with moderate-intensity continuous training (MICT) and usual care (UC).

Methods

Forty-four women were randomized to HIIT, MICT, or UC for a 12-wk, thrice weekly, supervised exercise intervention. HIIT included a 5-min warm-up at 50%–70% HRpeak, four cycles of 4 min at 90%–100% HRpeak, followed by 3 min at 50%–70% HRpeak. MICT consisted of 41 min at 60%–70% HRpeak. Feasibility was assessed by consent, adherence, compliance, and retention rates. CRF, body weight, and BMI were measured at baseline and end of study. Repeated-measures linear mixed models were used to assess within- and between-group differences.

Results

Average age was 63.9 ± 8.8 yr. BMI was 30.9 ± 5.7 kg·m−2. Participants completed 90% and 89% of HIIT and MICT workouts, respectively, with 100% compliance to the exercise prescriptions. No serious adverse events were reported. Compared with MICT and UC, HIIT exhibited improvements in change in treadmill time (101 s greater than MICT, and 125 s greater than UC, respectively, P < 0.001). Compared with UC, HIIT exhibited improvement in changes in absolute and relative V˙O2peak (a 0.15-L·min−1 increase, P = 0.005, and a 2.3-mL·kg−1⋅min−1 increase, P = 0.004). There were no significant differences between groups for body weight or BMI (P > 0.05).

Conclusions

HIIT is feasible, safe, and seems to promote greater improvements in CRF compared with MICT and UC in women at high risk for breast cancer.