bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Conformational sampling and polarization of Asp26 in pKa calculations of thioredoxin
Authors: Gomez Aharon , Vöhringer‐Martinez Esteban
Published: February 2019

Thioredoxin is a protein that has been used as model system by various computational methods to predict the pKa of aspartate residue Asp26 which is 3.5 units higher than a solvent exposed one (eg, Asp20). Here, we use extensive atomistic molecular dynamics simulations of two different protonation states of Asp26 in combination with conformational analysis based on RMSD clustering and principle component analysis to identify representative conformations of the protein in solution. For each conformation, the Gibbs free energy of proton transfer between Asp26 and Asp20, which is fully solvated in a loop region of the protein, is calculated with the Amber99sb force field in alchemical transformations. The varying polarization of the two residues in different molecular environments and protonation states is described by Hirshfeld‐I (HI) atomic charges obtained from the averaged polarized electron density. Our results show that the Gibbs free energy of proton transfer is dependent on the protein conformation, the proper sampling of the neighboring Lys57 residue orientations and on water molecules entering the hydrophobic cavity upon deprotonating Asp26. The inclusion of the polarization of both aspartate residues in the free energy cycle by HI atomic charges corrects the results from the non‐polarizable force field and reproduces the experimental ΔpKa value of Asp26.
The nitrergic neurotransmission contributes to the anxiolytic‐like effect of Citrus sinensis essential oil in animal models
Authors: Hocayen Palloma de A.S. , Wendler Etiele , Vecchia Débora D. , Kanazawa Luiz K.S. , Issy Ana Carolina , Del Bel Elaine , Andreatini Roberto
Published: February 2019

Citrus fragrances have been used in aromatherapy for the treatment of anxiety, and the essential oil of Citrus sinensis (sweet orange) has shown promising results, although its mechanism of action was not known. The objective of this study was to evaluate the involvement of nitric oxide (NO) neurotransmission in the anxiolytic‐like effect of C. sinensis essential oil. Swiss male mice were submitted to 15 min of C. sinensis essential oil inhalation (1%, 2.5%, 5%, and 10%) and tested in the marble‐burying test, neophobia‐induced hypophagia, and light/dark test. Locomotor activity was evaluated in an automated locomotor activity box. The coadministration of C. sinensis essential oil with L‐arginine (200 mg/kg, i.p.), an NO precursor, was used for the behavioral evaluation of nitrergic system mediation. Additionally, the NO synthase activity was measured by nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate diaphorase (NADPH‐d) analysis in the cerebral cortex. C. sinensis essential oil exerted anxiolytic‐like effect at dose that did not change locomotor activity. Moreover, L‐arginine pretreatment prevented this anxiolytic‐like effect on marble‐burying test. Finally, C. sinensis essential oil reduced the NADPH‐d positive cells. Thus, the nitrergic neurotransmission plays a relevant role in the anxiolytic‐like effect C. sinensis essential oil.
Event‐triggered control for a class of strict‐feedback nonlinear systems
Authors: Zhang Cui‐Hua , Yang Guang‐Hong
Published: February 2019

This paper is concerned with the event‐triggered control problem for a class of strict feedback nonlinear networked systems. Different from the existing design methods, a novel user‐adjustable event‐triggered mechanism is first developed to determine the sampling state instants using the negative definite property of the derivatives of Lyapunov functions. Then, an event‐triggered control strategy is devised based on the sampled state vectors and backstepping techniques. It is proved that the proposed control scheme ensures the global convergence of the closed‐loop systems via Lyapunov analyses and the correlation criteria of real variable functions. Finally, two examples are performed to illustrate the effectiveness of the provided control approaches.
Transient organic jams in Puerto Rican mountain streams after hurricanes
Authors: Wohl Ellen , Hinshaw Sarah K. , Scamardo Julianne E. , Gutiérrez‐Fonseca Pablo E.
Published: February 2019

Extreme storms in forested environments commonly increase inputs of coarse particulate organic matter (CPOM) and large wood (LW) to streams. Protruding boulders and bedforms, mid‐channel bars, and standing trees can trap CPOM and LW. These organic accumulations can become large enough to span the bankfull channel width, or the accumulations can be predominantly along the channel margins. We refer to both types of accumulations as transient organic jams (TOJs). TOJs can create diverse geomorphic and ecological effects in channel and floodplain environments. We use data collected from mountain streams of the Luquillo Mountains of north‐eastern Puerto Rico following September 2017 Hurricanes Irma and Maria. We examine the location, characteristics, and geomorphic effects of TOJs in channel segments representing diverse drainage areas and channel gradients. We ask three questions: (a) Does the downstream spacing of TOJs correlate with variables such as drainage area or channel gradient? (b) What variables best predict the volume of organic matter within individual TOJs or within a channel segment? And (c) is there a threshold within a river network that separates channel segments with channel‐spanning versus marginal TOJs? Datasets include multiple TOJs along each of 12 stream segments and presence/absence of channel‐spanning TOJs along an additional six streams. Data analysis with multiple linear regressions indicates that downstream spacing, average volume, and total volume per channel length of TOJs correlate significantly with bankfull channel width. Using the akaike information criterion with correction (AICc) model selection method, Strahler stream order has the most influence on the probability of TOJs being marginal or spanning.
Modeling and analysis for multilayered complex communication network of satellite navigation system
Authors: Zhou Wei , Li Qun , Zhu Yi‐fan , He Hua
Published: February 2019

This study is extended to construct the network model, the node model, and the link model of complex communication network for satellite navigation system (CCN‐SNS) based on the hierarchical architecture. Firstly, a method called snapshots was proposed to describe the dynamic topology for CCN‐SNS; secondly, another method was put forward to model the different nodes of the CCN‐SNS; thirdly, the different links between every two different nodes were modeled. Therefore, based on the OPNET tools, a simulation for the CCN‐SNS, which contains the models that proposed earlier used to analyze the navigation accuracy and network transmission performance, was performed.
Auger electron spectroscopic analysis of corrosion products formed on A3003 aluminum alloy in model fresh water with different Zn2+ concentration
Authors: Otani Kyohei , Islam Md. Saiful , Sakairi Masatoshi , Kaneko Akira
Published: February 2019

The corrosion morphology and composition of corrosion products of A3003 formed in model fresh water with different Zn2+ concentrations were investigated by immersion tests combined with surface observations and analysis using an Auger electron spectroscope (AES). The cross‐sectional AES observations showed that the thickness of the corrosion product layer formed on A3003 decreases with increases in the Zn2+ concentration of the model fresh water. A cross‐sectional AES point analysis suggested that the corrosion products formed on the A3003 in the Zn2+ containing model fresh water (Zn2+ > 0.1 mM) have a multilayered structure and that the inner of Zn‐rich layer would have high corrosion protective properties.
Perspective View on Materialistic, Mechanistic and Operating Challenges of Microbial Fuel Cell on Commercialisation and Their Way Ahead
Authors: Mukherjee Priya , Saravanan Pichiah
Published: February 2019

Microbial fuel cell technology that works on the principle of resource recovery has gained wide popularity among the scientific world. These MFCs were seen as a solution provider for the present day's energy crisis through a non‐traditional sustainable way. Although immense research has marked the development of this system since its innovation, the technology has not competed the commercial implication owing to various associated materialistic and operating limitations. The perspective provides an overview of the various limitations faced that constraints its real‐time application along with perspective solutions.
Synthesis and Optical Properties of Alkaloid Quindoline, Its Structural Analogues and Substituted δ‐Carbolines
Authors: Yu. Shuvalov Vladislav , Rupp Anna S. , Fisyuk Alexander S. , Kuratova Anna K. , Nefedov Andrey A. , Sagitullina Galina P.
Published: February 2019

Alkaloid quindoline, its structural analogues and δ‐carbolines were obtained through the Cadogan reaction using DPPE under solvent‐free conditions as a key stage of the synthesis. Various o‐nitroarylpyridines prepared by one‐pot synthesis from nitroacetophenones, methyl orthoformate and acetoacetic ester enamine were used as starting materials for the preparation of δ‐carbolines. 2‐Aryl‐3‐nitro‐5,6,7,8‐tetrahydroquinolines obtained by reacting 2‐hydroxymethylenecyclohexanone with nitroacetophenones enamines were used for the synthesis of quindoline and its structural analogs. A relationship between the structure and optical properties of the synthesized compounds was found.
Effect of creep on the stress–strain relation of fly‐ash slag concrete in marine environments
Authors: Gong Jian , Cao Jian , Wang Yuan‐Feng
Published: February 2019

Lots of concrete structures are located in marine environment, the durability damage of these structures is often the result of the interaction of load, environment, and other factors. In this paper, tests for the stress–strain relation of concrete under the coupled effects of sustained loading, sulfate attack and dry‐wet cycle were conducted. Then, based on the damage stress–strain relation model of concrete under sulfate attack, a calculation method for the stress–strain relation of concrete under the action of sulfate attack and dry‐wet cycle was proposed. Meanwhile, by taking into account the effect of creep on the stress–strain relation of concrete, a time‐dependent stress–strain relation model of concrete was presented. Numerical simulations by the time‐dependent stress–strain relation model demonstrate that the calculated results agree well with the experimental data. Furthermore, the rationality and applicability of the time‐dependent stress–strain relation model were also discussed.
Options and errors in citing Chinese personal names
Authors: Ma Jin-Shuang , Huang Yun-Ping
Published: February 2019

Chinese personal names cited in the western botanical literature continue to reveal errors. Explanations and suggestions are given, with examples, to help with proper documentation, especially by authors and editors.
Additions to Index Herbariorum (Herbaria), Edition 8—Thirteenth Series
Authors: Holmgren Patricia K. , Holmgren Noel H.
Published: February 2019

Nineteen additional herbaria have been called to our attention since the last installment of this series was published in February 2002. Information on these herbaria is presented below in alphabetical order by country. This brings the total number of herbaria added since the publication of Edition 8 to 393. Information for 3175 herbaria and 9623 people in 165 countries is available for searching by country, institution, city, state, acronym, staff member, correspondent, and research specialty at http://www.nybg.org/bsci/ih/ih.html. Telephone and fax numbers as well as e­mail and URL addresses are included. Note that the Index is fully searchable on research specialty, so it also serves as a PLANT SPECIALISTS INDEX.
Primary Squamous Cell Carcinoma in the Thyroid Gland: A Population‐Based Analysis Using the SEER Database
Authors: Yang Shuwen , Li Cunfu , Shi Xiao , Ma Ben , Xu Weibo , Jiang Hongyi , Liu Wanlin , Ji Qinghai , Wang Yu
Published: February 2019

Objects

To evaluate prognostic factors and treatment outcomes of primary squamous cell carcinoma in thyroid (PSCCTh) over the past decades using a large national database.

Methods

All patients diagnosed with PSCCTh between 1973 and 2015 were identified with the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results Program (SEER) 18‐registry database. Relevant clinical data were collected, and prognostic factors of overall survival (OS) and disease‐specific survival (DSS) were analyzed.

Results

This cohort study included 242 patients, accounting for 0.12% of all primary thyroid carcinomas from 1973 to 2015 nationwide. Of the patients with PSCCTh, 75% were older than 60 years at diagnosis. Patient age older than 60 years (HR 2.242, 95% CI 1.367–3.676, P = 0.001) and a tumor size larger than or equal to 50 mm (HR 1.479, 95% CI 1.011–2.165, P = 0.044) were independent negative prognostic factors. The univariate analysis suggested that the morphological subtype (OS, P = 0.033; DSS, P = 0.048), clinical treatment modality (OS, P < 0.0001; DSS, P < 0.0001), and T stage (OS, P = 0.004; DSS, P = 0.001) were important predictive factors for OS and DSS. In contrast, gender, race, year of diagnosis, geographic location, N stage, and M stage were not prognostic factors.

Conclusions

PSCCTh is a rare malignancy with an aggressive nature and poor prognosis. Survival is predicted by the treatment modality, patient age, T stage, tumor size, and morphological subtypes. This study showed that early diagnosis and complete surgical resection plus adjuvant radiation therapy were associated with a better outcome.
Measurement and Prediction of Phase Transformation Kinetics in a Nuclear Steel During Rapid Thermal Cycles
Authors: Obasi G. , Pickering E. J. , Vasileiou A. N. , Sun Y. L. , Rathod D. , Preuss M. , Francis J. A. , Smith M. C.
Published: February 2019

Accurate prediction of the residual stress distributions in steel welds can only be achieved if consideration is given to solid-state phase transformation behavior. In this work, we assess the ability of a model for reaction kinetics to predict the phase transformations, and corresponding evolution of volumetric strain, in a nuclear pressure vessel steel when subjected to rapid weld-like thermal cycles. The cases under consideration involved the rapid heating of SA508 steel to a temperature of either 900 °C or 1200 °C for a period of 10 seconds, and subsequent cooling of the material to room temperature at rates between 0.1 and 100 °C s−1. Predictions for the microconstituent proportions and transformation temperatures for each thermal cycle are compared to those measured through a combination of dilatometry, optical and electron microscopy, and synchrotron X-ray diffraction. In general, there was good agreement between measured and predicted transformation start temperatures and microconstituent fractions for cooling rates relevant to welding (

$$ \ge $$

≥

10 °C s−1). Even in the cases in which discrepancies were found for start temperatures, examination of the corresponding dilatation curves showed a good match between predicted and experimental transformation strain evolution. This is a very positive result in terms of residual stress prediction in welds. At slower cooling rates, significant discrepancies arose owing to the model’s incapacity to predict Widmanstätten ferrite or retained austenite, and its failure to account for the effects of carbon redistribution during transformations involving diffusion. Although not relevant to welding, improvements to the model to rectify these issues would be beneficial in terms of its wider predictive capabilities.
The new Babolat Pure Aero: Legendary spin & power, increased control & feel
Authors: Anonymous
Published: February 2019

Babolat—world leader in racket sports—officially debuts the newest generation of its celebrated Aero rackets, the Pure Aero. Developed with Rafael Nadal, the newest iteration confirms the Pure Aero as the racket of reference for spin. For Babolat like any tennis player, tennis is a lot more than just winning. It’s about striving to improve, challenging others, and always getting better by being fueled by fight. The new Pure Aero channels this very same spirit: Babolat took a successful racket, dared to enhance it, and raised the overall performance by increasing control and feel.
Gene–Culture Interactions
Authors: Kwon Heewon , Sasaki Joni Y.
Published: February 2019

Examining the interconnections between genes and culture is crucial for a more complete understanding of psychological processes. Genetic predispositions may predict different outcomes depending on one's cultural context, and culture may predict different outcomes depending on genetic predispositions - that is, genes and culture interact. Less is understood, however, about how genes and culture interact, or the psychological mechanisms through which gene–culture interactions occur. In this Element, Joni Y. Sasaki and Heewon Kwon review key findings and theories in gene–culture interaction research. They then go on to discuss current issues and future directions in gene–culture research that may illuminate the path toward an explanatory framework.
WTO Dispute Settlement: Can We Go Back Again?
Authors: Brewster Rachel
Published: February 2019

The world's twenty-year experiment with a rule-based international trading order is most likely ending. Trade wars are raging again for the first time in two decades as World Trade Organization (WTO) members unilaterally impose and counterimpose sanctions. In Geneva, the WTO Appellate Body, whose existence is essential to the functioning of the WTO Dispute Settlement Understanding (DSU), is on a trajectory to shut down in December 2020. For all the fireworks, however, many commentators retain an optimism that the recent events will be a passing phase and that the world will return to a more law-oriented trading system after the present crisis.
AN ANALYSIS OF THE MODELS
Authors: ATMAI RACHID
Published: February 2019

We analyze the models $L[T_{2n} ]$, where $T_{2n}$ is a tree on $\omega \times \kappa _{2n + 1}^1 $ projecting to a universal ${\rm{\Pi }}_{2n}^1 $ set of reals, for $n > 1$. Following Hjorth’s work on $L[T_2 ]$, we show that under ${\rm{Det}}\left( {{\rm{}}_{2n}^1 } \right)$, the models $L[T_{2n} ]$ are unique, that is they do not depend of the choice of the tree $T_{2n}$. This requires a generalization of the Kechris–Martin theorem to all pointclasses${\rm{\Pi }}_{2n + 1}^1$. We then characterize these models as constructible models relative to the direct limit of all countable nondropping iterates of${\cal M}_{2n + 1}^\# $. We then show that the GCH holds in $L[T_{2n} ]$, for every $n < \omega $, even though they are not extender models. This analysis localizes the HOD analysis of Steel and Woodin at the even levels of the projective hierarchy.
A prospective observation on nutrition support in adult patients with severe burns
Authors: Guo Fengmei , Zhou Hua , Wu Jian , Huang Yingzi , Lv Guozhong , Wu Yunfu , Zhao Hongsheng , Jin Jun , Zhao Fuli , Liu Lijun , Liu Wenming , Yang Yi , Xu Yuan , Qiu Haibo
Published: February 2019

Nutrition therapy is considered an important treatment of burn patients. The aim of the study was to delineate the nutritional support in severe burn patients and to investigate association between nutritional practice and clinical outcomes. Severe burn patients were enrolled (n 100). In 90 % of the cases, the burn injury covered above 70 % of the total body surface area. Mean interval from injury to nutrition start was 2·4 (sd 1·1) d. Sixty-seven patients were initiated with enteral nutrition (EN) with a median time of 1 d from injury to first feed. Twenty-two patients began with parenteral nutrition (PN). During the study, thirty-two patients developed EN intolerance. Patients received an average of about 70 % of prescribed energy and protein. Patients with EN providing <30 % energy had significantly higher 28- d and in-hospital mortality than patients with EN providing more than 30 % of energy. Mortality at 28 d was 11 % and in-hospital mortality was 45 %. Multiple regression analysis demonstrated that EN providing <30 % energy and septic shock were independent risk factors for 28- d prognosis. EN could be initiated early in severe burn patients. Majority patients needed PN supplementation for energy requirement and EN feeding intolerance. Post-pyloric feeding is more efficient than gastric feeding in EN tolerance and energy supplement. It is difficult for severe burn patients to obtain enough feeding, especially in the early stage of the disease. More than 2 weeks of underfeeding is harmful to recovery.
God Wills It! Supplementary Divine Purposes for the Crusades according to Crusade Propaganda
Authors: PORTNYKH VALENTIN
Published: February 2019

It is well known that the crusades were represented as wars sanctioned by God, who helped the crusaders. At the same time, according to crusade propaganda, the liberation of the Holy Land was most probably not the only purpose of the crusades. Some sources allow us to affirm that the papacy and preachers had the idea that God would allow the crusaders to settle in Outremer only when they would merit it by the absence of sin. Furthermore, in the second half of the twelfth and, to a greater extent, in the thirteenth century, there was a spread of the idea that God could destroy the Saracens on his own, but was testing his faithful. In fact, all these ideas together suggested that, according to the propaganda, the liberation of the Holy Land was not considered to be God's only goal, for he also wished to bring to this land faithful people without sin who would settle there, elected by God.
Morphological and molecular analyses ofPseudomazocraes sulamericanan. sp.,Pseudomazocraes seleneHargis, 1957,Cemocotyle carangis(MacCallum, 1913) andZeuxapta seriolae(Meserve, 1938) (Monogenea: Mazocraeidea) from carangid fishes in the south-western Atlantic Ocean
Authors: Camargo A.C.A. , Santos C.P.
Published: February 2019

An integrative taxonomy approach was followed to analyse morphological and molecular characters of the monogenean speciesPseudomazocraes selene,Cemocotyle carangisandZeuxapta seriolae; specimens were collected from the gills of the carangid fishesSelene vomer,Caranx latusandSeriola lalandicaught off the coasts of the states of Rio de Janeiro and Santa Catarina, Brazil. The research revealed the presence ofPseudomazocraes sulamericanan. sp., which can be differentiated from other congeners by the shape of clamps mid-sclerite possessing a ventral piece bifurcated at the end, with large and right-angled edges of almost the same length, and by the shape of larval hooks and rounded terminal lappet. New genetic sequences include partial 28S and 18S rDNA genes for all species, ITS1 and 5.8S rDNA forZeuxapta seriolaeandCemocotyle carangis, and ITS2 and mtDNAcox1 forC. carangis. The phylogenetic concatenated analysis based on partial 28S rDNA and 18S rDNA sequences confirmed the position ofC. carangisandZ. seriolaewithin the Heteraxinidae. The previous phylogenetic position of Chauhaneidae was discussed based on morphological studies and it is now confirmed by molecular data that Chauhaneidae is the sister group of Allodiscocotylidae and Protomicrocotylidae.
The verified CakeML compiler backend
Authors: KIAM TAN YONG , MYREEN MAGNUS O. , KUMAR RAMANA , FOX ANTHONY , OWENS SCOTT , NORRISH MICHAEL
Published: February 2019

The CakeML compiler is, to the best of our knowledge, the most realistic verified compiler for a functional programming language to date. The architecture of the compiler, a sequence of intermediate languages through which high-level features are compiled away incrementally, enables verification of each compilation pass at an appropriate level of semantic detail. Parts of the compiler’s implementation resemble mainstream (unverified) compilers for strict functional languages, and it supports several important features and optimisations. These include efficient curried multi-argument functions, configurable data representations, efficient exceptions, register allocation, and more. The compiler produces machine code for five architectures: x86-64, ARMv6, ARMv8, MIPS-64, and RISC-V. The generated machine code contains the verified runtime system which includes a verified generational copying garbage collector and a verified arbitrary precision arithmetic (bignum) library. In this paper, we present the overall design of the compiler backend, including its 12 intermediate languages. We explain how the semantics and proofs fit together and provide detail on how the compiler has been bootstrapped inside the logic of a theorem prover. The entire development has been carried out within the HOL4 theorem prover.
Improper colouring of graphs with no odd clique minor
Authors: Kang Dong Yeap , Oum Sang-Il
Published: February 2019

As a strengthening of Hadwiger’s conjecture, Gerards and Seymour conjectured that every graph with no oddKtminor is (t− 1)-colourable. We prove two weaker variants of this conjecture. Firstly, we show that for eacht⩾ 2, every graph with no oddKtminor has a partition of its vertex set into 6t− 9 setsV1, …,V6t−9such that eachViinduces a subgraph of bounded maximum degree. Secondly, we prove that for eacht⩾ 2, every graph with no odd Kt minor has a partition of its vertex set into 10t−13 setsV1,…,V10t−13such that eachViinduces a subgraph with components of bounded size. The second theorem improves a result of Kawarabayashi (2008), which states that the vertex set can be partitioned into 496tsuch sets.
Limit laws of planar maps with prescribed vertex degrees
Authors: Collet G. , Drmota M. , Klausner L. D.
Published: February 2019

We prove a generalmulti-dimensional central limit theorem for the expected number of vertices of a given degree in the family of planar maps whose vertex degrees are restricted to an arbitrary (finite or infinite) set of positive integersD. Our results rely on a classical bijection with mobiles (objects exhibiting a tree structure), combined with refined analytic tools to deal with the systems of equations on infinite variables that arise. We also discuss possible extensions to maps of higher genus and to weighted maps.
A molecular mechanism of mouse placental spongiotrophoblast differentiation regulated by prolyl oligopeptidase
Authors: Maruyama Yuki , Kimura Atsushi P.
Published: February 2019

In eutherian mammals, the placenta plays a critical role in embryo development by supplying nutrients and hormones and mediating interaction with the mother. To establish the fine connection between mother and embryo, the placenta needs to be formed normally, but the mechanism of placental differentiation is not fully understood. We previously revealed that mouse prolyl oligopeptidase (POP) plays a role in trophoblast stem cell (TSC) differentiation into two placental cell types, spongiotrophoblasts (SpT) and trophoblast giant cells. Here, we focused on SpT differentiation and attempted to elucidate a molecular mechanism. ForAscl2,Arnt, andEgfrgenes that are indispensable for SpT formation, we found that a POP-specific inhibitor, SUAM-14746, significantly decreasedAscl2expression, which was consistent with a significant decrease in expression ofFlt1, a gene downstream ofAscl2. Although this downregulation was unlikely to be mediated by the PI3K-Akt pathway, our results indicated that POP controls TSC differentiation into SpT by regulating theAscl2gene.
Takotsubo cardiomyopathy secondary to non-accidental trauma presenting as an “unwitnessed” arrest
Authors: Serrano Ryan M. , Schamberger Marcus , Parent John J.
Published: February 2019

Takotsubo cardiomyopathy is characterised by akinesis and ballooning of the left ventricular apex during contraction of the otherwise normal base of the heart. We describe the case of a 7-month-old previously healthy female who presented with an unwitnessed cardiac arrest. Workup raised suspicion for non-accidental trauma. Despite progression to brain death, the severely decreased ventricular function and apical akinesis of the left ventricle improved within 40 hours of admission. This report will familiarise paediatricians with this rare cardiomyopathy and emphasise the importance of considering non-accidental trauma as an inciting event for patients with unwitnessed cardiac arrest found to have decreased ventricular function.
The python aortic arch
Authors: Pawar Ravindra S. , Magdum Abhijit K. , Anderson Robert H.
Published: February 2019

Aortic arch anomalies are rare congenital cardiovascular malformations. We present a case of a 9-year-old asymptomatic boy with an unusual, unknown arch anomaly.
Atrioventricular valves dysplasia in a newborn
Authors: Melo Manuel , Garcia Torres Enrique , Boni Lorenzo
Published: February 2019

A newborn with prenatally diagnosed dysplasia of both atrioventricular valves presented after birth with signs and symptoms of low cardiac output, severe regurgitation of both mitral and tricuspid valves. This combination is as rare as challenging, since it regards both the timing and management of this complex cardiac malformation. We report an early surgical repair of both atrioventricular valves in a symptomatic newborn, which improved his clinical status and, so far, delayed valve replacement.
Noninvasive Continuous Monitoring of Adipocyte Differentiation: From Macro to Micro Scales
Authors: Lustig Maayan , Feng Qingling , Payan Yohan , Gefen Amit , Benayahu Dafna
Published: February 2019

3T3-L1 cells serve as model systems for studying adipogenesis and research of adipose tissue-related diseases, e.g. obesity and diabetes. Here, we present two novel and complementary nondestructive methods for adipogenesis analysis of living cells which facilitate continuous monitoring of the same culture over extended periods of time, and are applied in parallel at the macro- and micro-scales. At the macro-scale, we developed visual differences mapping (VDM), a novel method which allows to determine level of adipogenesis (LOA)—a numerical index which quantitatively describes the extent of differentiation in the whole culture, and percentage area populated by adipocytes (PAPBA) across a whole culture, based on the apparent morphological differences between preadipocytes and adipocytes. At the micro-scale, we developed an improved version of our previously published image-processing algorithm, which now provides data regarding single-cell morphology and lipid contents. Both methods were applied here synergistically for measuring differentiation levels in cultures over multiple weeks. VDM revealed that the mean LOA value reached 1.11 ± 0.06 and the mean PAPBA value reached >60%. Micro-scale analysis revealed that during differentiation, the cells transformed from a fibroblast-like shape to a circular shape with a build-up of lipid droplets. We predict a vast potential for implementation of these methods in adipose-related pharmacological research, such as in metabolic-syndrome studies.
CD81 Promotes a Migratory Phenotype in Neuronal-Like Cells
Authors: Martins Soraia A. , Correia Patrícia D. , Dias Roberto A. , da Cruz e Silva Odete A.B. , Vieira Sandra I.
Published: February 2019

Tetraspanins, such as CD81, can form lateral associations with each other and with other transmembrane proteins. These interactions may underlie CD81 functions in multiple cellular processes, such as adhesion, morphology, migration, and differentiation. Since CD81's role in neuronal cells’ migration has not been established, we here evaluated effects of CD81 on the migratory phenotype of SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells. CD81 was found enriched at SH-SY5Y cell's membrane, co-localizing with its interactor filamentous-actin (F-actin) in migratory relevant structures of the leading edge (filopodia, stress fibers, and adhesion sites). CD81 overexpression increased the number of cells with a migratory phenotype, in a potentially phosphatidylinositol 3 kinase (PI3K)–Ak strain transforming (AKT) mediated manner. Indeed, CD81 also co-localized with AKT, a CD81-interactor and actin remodeling agent, at the inner leaflet of the plasma membrane. Pharmacologic inhibition of PI3K, the canonical AKT activator, led both to a decrease in the acquisition of a migratory phenotype and to a redistribution of intracellular CD81 and F-actin into cytoplasmic agglomerates. These findings suggest that in neuronal-like cells CD81 bridges active AKT and actin, promoting the actin remodeling that leads to a motile cell morphology. Further studies on this CD81-mediated mechanism will improve our knowledge on important physiological and pathological processes such as cell migration and differentiation, and tumor metastasis.
Fabrication of Atom Probe Tomography Specimens from Nanoparticles Using a Fusible Bi–In–Sn Alloy as an Embedding Medium
Authors: Kim Se-Ho , Lee Ji Yeong , Ahn Jae-Pyoung , Choi Pyuck-Pa
Published: February 2019

We propose a new method for preparing atom probe tomography specimens from nanoparticles using a fusible bismuth–indium–tin alloy as an embedding medium. Iron nanoparticles synthesized by the sodium borohydride reduction method were chosen as a model system. The as-synthesized iron nanoparticles were embedded within the fusible alloy using focused ion beam milling and ion-milled to needle-shaped atom probe specimens under cryogenic conditions. An atom probe analysis revealed boron atoms in a detected iron nanoparticle, indicating that boron from the sodium borohydride reductant was incorporated into the nanoparticle during its synthesis.
Atom Probe Microscopy of Strengthening Effects in Alloy 718
Authors: Theska Felix , Ringer Simon Peter , Primig Sophie
Published: February 2019

Polycrystalline Ni-based superalloys for aerospace and power generation applications are often precipitation hardened to achieve strengthening at elevated temperatures. Here, atom probe microscopy has become an essential tool to study the complex morphology of nanoscale precipitates. This study focuses on Alloy 718, which is hardened by semi-coherent, ordered γ′ (Ni3(Al, Ti)) and γ″ (Ni3(Nb)) particles. According to previous research, these particles often occur as duplets or triplets with a stacking sequence dependent on prior processing. This creates various interfaces with a strong impact on the mechanical properties, highlighting the importance of quantitative studies which are challenging with electron microscopy. We present atom probe data reconstruction and analysis approaches particularly suited for precipitation hardened superalloys. While voltage atom probe allows for an accurate reconstruction, the acquired data volume is often limited. Laser-assisted atom probe provides statistically significant data, but the loss of crystallographic information requires correlation with voltage-mode datasets. We further describe an advanced iso-surface method where initially arbitrarily chosen concentration thresholds of Al + Ti for γ′ and Nb for γ″ particles are optimized. Recognizing the importance of the precipitate stacking order, the different types of precipitate interfaces are quantified, and these methods may be applicable to other engineering alloys.
Micro-Raman Spectroscopy Reveals the Presence of Octacalcium Phosphate and Whitlockite in Association with Bacteria-Free Zones Within the Mineralized Dental Biofilm
Authors: Shah Furqan A.
Published: February 2019

Through a correlative analytical approach encompassing backscattered electron scanning electron microscopy (BSE-SEM), energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), and micro-Raman spectroscopy, the composition of the mineralized biofilm around a dental implant, retrieved due to peri-implantitis, was investigated. The mineralized biofilm contains two morphologically distinct regions: (i) bacteria-containing zones (Bact+), characterized by aggregations of unmineralized and mineralized bacteria, and intermicrobial mineralization, and (ii) bacteria-free zones (Bact−), comprised mainly of randomly oriented mineral platelets. Intramicrobial mineralization, within Bact+, appears as smooth, solid mineral deposits resembling the morphologies of dental plaque bacteria. Bact− is associated with micrometer-sized Mg-rich mineral nodules. The Ca/P ratio of Bact+ is higher than Bact−. The inorganic phase of Bact+ is carbonated apatite (CHAp), while that of Bact− is predominantly octacalcium phosphate (OCP) and whitlockite (WL) inclusions. Compared with native bone, the inorganic phase of Bact+ (i.e., CHAp) exhibits higher mineral crystallinity, lower carbonate content, and lower Ca/P, C/Ca, Mg/Ca, and Mg/P ratios. The various CaPs found within the mineralized dental biofilm (CHAp, OCP, and WL) are related to the local presence/absence of bacteria. In combination with BSE-SEM and EDX, micro-Raman spectroscopy is a valuable analytical tool for nondestructive investigation of mineralized dental biofilm composition and development.
The f-Ratio Quantification Method for X-ray Microanalysis Applied to Mg–Al–Zn Alloys
Authors: Teng Chaoyi , Demers Hendrix , Chu Xin , Gauvin Raynald
Published: February 2019

The f-ratio quantitative X-ray microanalysis method has been recently developed for binary systems based on a scanning electron microscope/energy dispersive spectroscopy (SEM/EDS) system. This method incorporates traditional EDS experiments and Monte Carlo simulations, and calibration factors are calculated with standard samples to evaluate the differences between them. In this work, the f-ratio method was extended to Mg–Al–Zn multi-element systems using a cold field emission SEM and a tungsten emission SEM. Results show that the stability of the beam current does not influence the f-ratio quantification accuracy. Thus, the f-ratio method is suitable for quantitative X-ray mapping with a long-time acquisition or even an unstable beam current. Comparing with other quantitative techniques including the routine standardless analysis and the standard-based k-ratio method, the f-ratio method is a simple and accurate quantification method.
Surface Diffusion of Fe and Cu on Fe (001) Under Electric Field Using First-Principles Calculations
Authors: Ohnuma Toshiharu
Published: February 2019

First-principles calculations were performed to determine the Fe on Fe (001) evaporation field and to characterize the surface diffusion of Fe and Cu on Fe (001) and on a step structure under an applied electric field. The evaporation field of Fe on Fe (001) was calculated by the nudged elastic band (NEB) method, using the combination of the effective screening medium and constant electrode potential methods to obtain a condition of constant electric field. The calculated evaporation field of Fe on Fe (001) was 32.4 V/nm, which agrees well with the experimental value. In the surface diffusion of Fe and Cu on Fe (001) and on a step structure, the activation barrier energies were determined by the NEB method with constant applied electric field. It was found that Cu diffuse more easily on the Fe (001) and step structure than Fe under an applied electric field. The activation barrier energy of surface diffusion in the saddle point configuration is small when the distance between Cu and Fe on the surface is larger, and the activation barrier energy becomes smaller when passing through a path far away from the surface due to the effect of the electric field.
Application of Gray Level Co-Occurrence Matrix Analysis as a New Method for Enzyme Histochemistry Quantification
Authors: Dragić Milorad , Zarić Marina , Mitrović Nataša , Nedeljković Nadežda , Grković Ivana
Published: February 2019

Enzyme histochemistry is a valuable histological method which provides a connection between morphology, activity, and spatial localization of investigated enzymes. Even though the method relies purely on arbitrary evaluations performed by the human eye, it is still wildly accepted and used in histo(patho)logy. Texture analysis emerged as an excellent tool for image quantification of subtle differences reflected in both spatial discrepancies and gray level values of pixels. The current study of texture analysis utilizes the gray-level co-occurrence matrix as a method for quantification of differences between ecto-5′-nucleotidase activities in healthy hippocampal tissue and tissue with marked neurodegeneration. We used the angular second moment, contrast (CON), correlation, inverse difference moment (INV), and entropy for texture analysis and receiver operating characteristic analysis with immunoblot and qualitative assessment of enzyme histochemistry as a validation. Our results strongly argue that co-occurrence matrix analysis could be used for the determination of fine differences in the enzyme activities with the possibility to ascribe those differences to regions or specific cell types. In addition, it emerged that INV and CON are especially useful parameters for this type of enzyme histochemistry analysis. We concluded that texture analysis is a reliable method for quantification of this descriptive technique, thus removing biases and adding it a quantitative dimension.
RAYMOND WILLIAMS'S “STRUCTURE OF FEELING” AND THE PROBLEM OF DEMOCRATIC VALUES IN BRITAIN, 1938–1961
Authors: MIDDLETON STUART
Published: February 2019

This article traces a history of the literary critic and theorist Raymond Williams’s idea of the “structure of feeling”, the formation of which is situated within debates about the place of artistic and moral values in democratic politics during the 1940s and 1950s. It demonstrates that the “structure of feeling” was intended to circumvent an equation of collective normative legislation with totalitarianism in the early cultural Cold War, by conceiving the definition of values as a process upon which all individuals in a society were always, necessarily, engaged. In articulating this quasi-democratic account of the production of artistic and moral standards, Williams also sought to escape the various theories of “minority culture” that dominated literary and cultural criticism in mid-century Britain. However, his concept of the “structure of feeling” required him to maintain a privileged role for artistic and intellectual arbiters, which constrained his vision of a properly democratic culture. In conclusion, the article argues that the problem of “democratic values” that Williams addressed in his work of the 1950s was a major factor in the marginalization or exclusion of moral criticism from political argument in Britain after 1945, and suggests that this passage of intellectual history may therefore be of considerable importance to contemporary debates about the lineages and reform of, in a broad sense, neoliberal political economy.
Trichome and biochemical basis of resistance against Tuta absoluta in tomato genotypes
Authors: Sridhar Vaddi , Sadashiva Avverahally Thammanna , Keshava Rao Vala , Swathi Padavala , Gadad Hanamant Shivalingappa
Published: February 2019

South American tomato moth,Tuta absoluta, a serious pest of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) in tropics and subtropics, is rapidly spreading world over. Twenty one wild/cultivated/advanced breeding lines of tomato were screened for resistance toT. absolutaunder greenhouse conditions (choice bioassay) and promising genotypes were evaluated further for their antibiosis activity through no choice bioassay underin-vitroconditions. From 21 genotypes screened, six wild accessions viz.,S. pennellii(LA 1940);S. chilense(LA 1963);S. arcanum(LA 2157);S. lycopersicum(LA1257) andS. corneliomulleri(LA 1292, LA1274) were relatively resistant toT. absolutabased on mean percent damage and were further studied underin-vitroconditions. These genotypes recorded relatively more larval mortality, prolonged larval and pupal duration with reduced adult emergence ofT. absoluta. Among these six genotypes,S. pennellii(LA-1940) showed resistance both under choice and no choice bioassays with higher number of type IV trichomes, highest total flavonoids and phenols. In general, glandular trichomes (GTs) (type I, IV, VII) showed negative correlation in different genotypes of tomato with reference to larval number/plant, percent damage and adult activity, whereas type V (non-GTs) showed negative correlation with number of larvae/plant.
THE PROLOGUE OF VALERIUS FLACCUS’ARGONAUTICA(1.1–21): QUINDECIMVIRATE,CORTINAAND CALEDONIAN SEA
Authors: Cairns Francis
Published: February 2019

This paper challenges certain more or less standard interpretations of Valerius Flaccus’Argonauticaprologue, viz. that lines 5–9 reveal that the poet was axvvir sacris faciundis, that thecortina(6) stood in or in front of his house to symbolise his quindecimvirate, and thatCaledonius… |Oceanus(8–9) refers to an exploit of Vespasian during the Claudian invasion of Britain. I argue that Valerius’ quindecimvirate is a mirage, that thecortinastood in a different ‘house’, and that ‘Caledonian Ocean’ refers to an event or events closer in time to the composition of theArgonautica. The alternative interpretations proposed radically alter perceptions of the prologue.
Pomegranate juice and extract extended lifespan and reduced intestinal fat deposition in Caenorhabditis elegans
Authors: Zheng Jolene , Heber David , Wang Mingming , Gao Chenfei , Heymsfield Steven B. , Martin Roy J. , Greenway Frank L. , Finley John W. , Burton Jeffrey H. , Johnson William D. , Enright Frederick M. , Keenan Michael J. , Li Zhaoping
Published: February 2019

Abstract. Pomegranate juice with a high content of polyphenols, pomegranate extract, ellagic acid, and urolithin A, have anti-oxidant and anti-obesity effects in humans. Pomegranate juice extends lifespan of Drosophila melanogaster. Caenorhabditis elegans (C. elegans) (n = 6) compared to the control group in each treatment, lifespan was increased by pomegranate juice in wild type (N2, 56 %, P < 0.001) and daf-16 mutant (daf-16(mgDf50)I) (18 %, P = 0.00012), by pomegranate extract in N2 (28 %, P = 0.00004) and in daf-16(mgDf50)I (10 %, P < 0.05), or by ellagic acid (11 %, P < 0.05). Pomegranate juice reduced intestinal fat deposition (IFD) in C. elegans (n = 10) N2 (–68 %, P = 0.0003) or in the daf-16(mgDf50)I (–33 %, P = 0.0034). The intestinal fat deposition was increased by pomegranate extract in N2 (137 %, P < 0.0138) and in daf-16(mgDf50)I (26 %, P = 0.0225), by ellagic acid in N2 (66 %, P < 0.0001) and in daf-16(mgDf50)I (74 %, P < 0.0001), or by urolithin A in N2 (57 %, P = 0.0039) and in daf-16(mgDf50)I (43 %, P = 0.0001). These effects were partially mediated by the daf-16 pathway. The data may offer insights to human aging and obesity due to homology with C. elegans.
Using Mutual Information to Determine Geoeffectiveness of Solar Wind Phase Fronts With Different Front Orientations
Authors: Cameron T. G. , Jackel B. , Oliveira D. M.
Published: February 2019

The geoeffectiveness of solar wind shocks depends on angle with respect to the Sun‐Earth line, with highly angled solar wind shocks being less geoeffective than nearly frontal solar wind shocks. However, it is unclear whether this holds for the orientation of structures in nonshocked solar wind. In this paper, we perform a mutual information analysis of 18 years of in situ solar wind and ground magnetometer data in order to investigate the effects of solar wind phase front orientation on solar wind geoeffectiveness (indicated by SuperMAG SME, the SuperMAG enhanced version of the AE index). Since geomagnetic response is strongly influenced by interplanetary magnetic field (IMF) Bz, and IMF Bz affects phase front orientation, we use conditional mutual information to account for the effect of Bz on geomagnetic activity. In contrast to what has been found for solar wind shocks, we find that during times of IMF Bz > 0, phase fronts aligned with the average Parker spiral direction (45° azimuth, 0° inclination) tend to be associated with higher geomagnetic activity (SME > 500 nT) than would be expected if IMF Bz and phase front orientation quantities were unrelated. During times of IMF Bz < 0, there is no connection between solar wind phase front orientation and geomagnetic activity (SME). We believe that Parker spiral‐aligned phase fronts being associated with higher geomagnetic activity during times of IMF Bz > 0 is due to constant phase front orientation allowing for more efficient energy transfer either through viscous interaction or high‐latitude reconnection.