bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A semântica da complexidade e sua estrutura social: o materialismo “pós-estruturalista” da teoria dos sistemas
Authors: Holmes Pablo
Published: June 2018

Resumo Este artigo explora a diferença entre estrutura e semântica como chave explicativa para as reivindicações da teoria dos sistemas acerca de suas vantagens como autodescrição sociológica da sociedade moderna. O argumento central é o de que a teoria dos sistemas se utiliza dessa diferença para explicar como estruturas sociais desencadeiam semânticas específicas. A relação entre estrutura social e semântica é mediada pela complexidade das estruturas. Nesse sentido, a teoria dos sistemas se distingue de teorias pós-modernas, do discurso ou do poder. Em lugar de constatar a pluralidade de narrativas e tirar daí consequências muitas vezes precipitadas acerca da contingência, como a centralidade do poder na reprodução social (um primado do “político”), a teoria dos sistemas insiste em um primado do social que aponta para as raízes estruturais da visibilidade dessa contingência. Isso torna a sociedade capaz de refletir sobre suas possibilidades a partir de uma teoria adequada à sua própria complexidade.
META-HEURISTIC CLONAL SELECTION ALGORITHM FOR OPTIMIZATION OF FOREST PLANNING
Authors: Araújo Júnior Carlos Alberto , Mendes João Batista , Cabacinha Christian Dias , Assis Adriana Leandra de , Matos Lisandra Maria Alves , Leite Helio Garcia
Published: June 2018

ABSTRACT It is important to evaluate the application of new technologies in the field of computational science to forest science. The goal of this study was to test a different kind of metaheuristic, namely Clonal Selection Algorithm, in a forest planning problem. In this problem, the total management area is 4.210 ha that is distributed in 120 stands in ages between 1 and 6 years and site indexes of 22 m to 31 m. The problem was modeled considering the maximization of the net present value subject to the constraints: annual harvested volume between 140,000 m3 and 160,000 m3, harvest ages equal to 5, 6 or 7 years, and the impossibility of division of the management unity at harvest time. Different settings for Clonal Selection Algorithm were evaluated to include: varying selection, cloning, hypermutation, and replacement rates beyond the size of the initial population. A generation value equal to 100 was considered as a stopping criteria and 30 repetitions were performed for each setting. The results were compared to those obtained from integer linear programming and linear programming. The integer linear programming, considered to be the best solution, was obtained after 1 hour of processing. The best setting for Clonal Selection Algorithm was 80 individuals in the initial population and selection. Cloning, hypermutation, and replacement rates equal to 0.20, 0.80, 0.20 and 0.50, respectively, were found. The results obtained by Clonal Selection Algorithm were 1.69% better than the integer linear programming and 4.35% worse than the linear programming. It is possible to conclude that the presented metaheuristic can be used in the resolution of forest scheduling problems.
Discriminación de Género en el Sistema Universitario Argentino
Authors: Morón Nazareth Gallego
Published: June 2018

Resumen: Las mujeres son mayoría entre el alumnado y el cuerpo docente de las universidades argentinas. No obstante, estas aparecen agrupadas principalmente en ciertas áreas y apenas acceden a las categorías superiores. Se constata una discriminación horizontal y vertical. Nuestro objetivo consiste en estudiar la participación de las mujeres y profundizar en la percepción acerca de la discriminación de género. En primer lugar, se realiza un análisis descriptivo del cuerpo docente de la Universidad Nacional de Salta (UNSa). En segundo lugar, se analizan los resultados de una encuesta aplicada a la plantilla femenina de la Facultad de Ingeniería de la UNSa. Se confirma una baja percepción y visibilización del problema, especialmente por parte de las profesoras de menor edad, siendo señaladas ciertas barreras como los principales obstáculos en su carrera profesional.
Microencapsulação e liberação controlada por difusão de ingredientes alimentícios produzidos através da secagem por atomização: revisão
Authors: Pereira Keyla Carvalho , Ferreira Danielle Cristine Mota , Alvarenga Gabriela Fontes , Pereira Matheus Santana Salvador , Barcelos Mayara Caroline Souto , Costa Joyce Maria Gomes da
Published: June 2018

Resumo A utilização de ingredientes microencapsulados na indústria alimentícia apresenta crescente expansão. A microencapsulação é utilizada para proteger o material ativo de condições adversas e apresenta ainda mais vantagens quando utilizada juntamente com a liberação controlada. O uso da atomização para microencapsulação é uma das técnicas mais utilizadas devido ao seu baixo custo e facilidade de aplicação. Esta revisão descreve a produção de micropartículas contendo ingredientes alimentícios através da secagem por atomização e discute a liberação controlada do material ativo das micropartículas pelo mecanismo de difusão e modelos cinéticos.
A Invenção do Sujeito
Authors: Castro Gillianno José Mazzetto de , Costa Marcio Luis
Published: June 2018

Resumo O presente artigo tem por objetivo fazer uma reflexão sobre o modelo de sujeito Ocidental que foi construído a partir da modernidade e discutir como se dá a interação, ou a ausência dela, entre o paradigma do sujeito lógico e do sujeito ontológico na pesquisa em Psicologia da Saúde. Tal caminho será feito por meio de algumas correntes de pensamento que influenciaram a forma como o indivíduo moderno concebera o mundo, são elas: o racionalismo cartesiano, os movimentos do século XVI como uma decisão pela categoria de sujeito, o criticismo kantiano e a invenção do conceito de “homem”, por meio da antropologia, e, por fim, o giro feito pela Fenomenologia husserliana tanto na síntese ativa, como na síntese passiva, que acabaram por propor o corpo próprio como um conceito que permite pensar a relação entre o sujeito e o mundo. Este artigo utiliza-se do método fenomenológico e da pesquisa bibliográfica como metodologia de trabalho.
Desenvolvimento urbano em áreas de fronteira: o caso do Itaim Paulista
Authors: Koury Ana Paula , Cavallari Talita Veiga
Published: June 2018

Resumo A política de adensamento da cidade de São Paulo propôs o aumento da área construída em regiões específicas da cidade, para aproximar trabalho e moradia. Como esta estratégia funciona nas áreas periféricas da cidade? A política de adensamento da cidade de São Paulo foi definida pela Rede de Estruturação da Transformação Urbana, proposta pela Lei Municipal n.º 16.050/2014 – Plano Diretor Estratégico (PDE) ‒ e pela Lei Municipal n.º 16.402/2016 – conhecida como Lei de Zoneamento. O foco deste trabalho é analisar o caso de um bairro periférico, considerando que a dinâmica dessas áreas é muito diferente da dinâmica do centro da cidade, em que políticas de desenvolvimento urbano baseadas no adensamento têm sido aplicadas há pelo menos duas décadas. O estudo de caso apresentado é o da Estrada Dom João Nery, localizada no Itaim Paulista, zona leste da cidade.
Street Discussion Spaces in Post-conflict Côte d’Ivoire: non-formal learning, dialogue and daily life
Authors: Tsolakis Marika
Published: June 2018

Abstract: This paper frames the daily life of education outside of formal school, by considering two types of non-formal discussion spaces in Côte d’Ivoire. I argue that both traditional and modern learning were reinvented in the street in response to the Ivoirian political crisis through the proliferation of spaces called grins and agoras. At daily meetings, teenagers and adults gathered important information regarding the crisis and also learned how to be in a conflicted society, often through dialogic encounters between members of different generations, professions and experiences. In the post-conflict context, these spaces, and the dialogue within them, have evolved to meet the changing needs of participants, further highlighting the connection between learning in everyday life and the surrounding structures and systems.
Critical Thinking and Challenges for Education for Democratic Citizenship: an ethnographic study in primary schools in Greece
Authors: Noula Ioanna
Published: June 2018

Abstract: This article reports on an ethnographic multiple case study in Greece. It explores teachers’ practices regarding the education of critically thinking citizens ten years into the implementation of an integrated curriculum reform. By means of classroom observations and semi-structured interviews this research explored the role of critical thinking in the classrooms. Findings suggest that teachers refrain from practices that advance critical thinking skills and pupils’ empowerment. Instead they tend to implement traditional practices, while their work is largely determined by the standards of achievement set by University Entrance Exams and parents’ aspirations. The article concludes that prevailing expectations in the Greek primary school interfere with the development of pedagogical relationships that would promote critical thinking obstructing the attainment of the aims of the integrated curriculum reform and compromising the project for democratic citizenship.
Fotossíntese de espécies de Anibae em resposta à exposição a ambientes contrastantes de luz
Authors: Blind Michell Richard , Costa Karen Cristina Pires da , Silva Carlos Eduardo Moura da , Sampaio Paulo de Tarso Barbosa , Gonçalves José Francisco de Carvalho
Published: June 2018

Resumo Fotossíntese de espécies de Anibae em resposta à exposição a ambientes contrastantes de luz. Características ecofisiológicas e o ambiente de luz têm implicações sobre o estabelecimento de plantios florestais. O objetivo desse estudo foi investigar a fotossíntese de Aniba canelilla e A. rosaeodora em resposta à disponibilidade de luz no campo. As trocas gasosas, conteúdo de clorofilas (ICC) e desempenho fotoquímico (FV/FM) foram medidos em folhas aclimatadas (sombra durante 300 dias), a pleno sol (28 dias) e novamente à sombra durante 28 dias. A fotossíntese, ICC e FV/FM de A. canelilla e A. rosaeodora foram afetadas negativamente a pleno sol, mas se recuperaram quando submetidas à sombra. A fotossíntese, ICC e FV/FM foram duas vezes superiores nas plantas de sombra. Aniba rosaeodora apresentou desempenho fotossintético duas vezes superior a A. canelilla. As diferenças nas respostas fotossintéticas à luz sugerem que as espécies poderiam ocupar “nichos” de sucessão diferentes em plantios de enriquecimento e, a plasticidade (mediada pela recuperação) implica aclimatação em ambientes de luz variável. O fato das espécies de Anibae estudadas possuírem diferenças de plasticidade para luz deve ser visto com cautela para sugerir plantios convencionais, mas reforça a indicação para plantios de enriquecimento em sítios florestais com variações na disponibilidade de luz.
Características evolutivas en Prosopis spp.: citogenética, genética e hibridaciones
Authors: Fontana María Laura , Pérez Víctor Ramón , Luna Claudia Verónica
Published: June 2018

Resumen Prosopis es un género dentro del clado Mimosoid caracterizado por las disyunciones que presentan sus actuales áreas de distribución y las dificultades para esclarecer su filogenia. Este trabajo presenta un análisis bibliográfico actualizado sobre las características evolutivas, citogenéticas, genéticas e hibridaciones del género. Los datos disponibles sugieren que divergió tempranamente en varios linajes principales, aunque dentro de algunos de ellos han ocurrido episodios recientes de especiación parcial. La forma en que se distribuye la variabilidad genética dentro y entre poblaciones depende, entre otros factores, del sistema reproductivo y la estrategia adaptativa. La estructura de las poblaciones, a su vez, establece restricciones a los procesos evolutivos tendientes a la adaptación creciente al ambiente y/o la diferenciación específica. . Es un género esencialmente diploide (2n = 28) pero se ha informado poliploidía y frecuentes procesos de hibridación e introgresión interespecífica. La alta similitud genética y cromosómica entre las distintas especies del género permite la obtención de híbridos viables, reforzando la idea de que algunas especies del género están evolutivamente activas, y pone de manifiesto las dificultades que esto ocasiona en el tratamiento taxonómico y la filogenia del grupo.
Spatial distribution and associated flora of Alcantarea nahoumii, a vulnerable endemic species to rocky outcrops of the Serra da Jibóia, Bahia, Brazil
Authors: Bastos Maria Josirene Souza Moreira , Bastos Lucimário Pereira , Souza Everton Hilo de , Costa Grênivel Mota da , Rocha Moema Angélica Chaves da , Souza Fernanda Vidigal Duarte de , Costa Maria Angélica Pereira de Carvalho
Published: June 2018

Abstract The objective of this study was to characterize the spatial distribution pattern at different altitude gradientes as well as to investigate the flora associated with A. nahoumii, considered to be endemic and vulnerable. The study was carried out in Serra da Jibóia, Santa Teresinha, Bahia, Brazil. An inventory was conducted of Young and adult A. nahoumii specimens along with taxonomic identification and quantification of the associated species. The cover percentage of A. nahoumii, rock slope, organic matter percentage and exposed rock percentage were calculated, as well as the following phytosociological parameters: absolute density, relative density, absolute frequency, relative frequency, and dominance of A. nahoumii. For the spatial distribution, three indices were tested (Morisita, McGuinnes and Payandech). Canonical correspondence analysis was also applied to test the association of the environmental variables with the species in the community. A total of 1,660 individuals were encountered and classified according to taxonomy in 17 families, 25 genera and 28 species. The spatial distribution pattern of the A. nahoumii population is aggregate. The results demonstrate that the population structure of A. nahoumii is stable, but events such as fires and extractive exploitation make the species vulnerable, along with the other species that inhabit the area.
Tradução e Adaptação Transcultural da Escala de Avaliação de Autoeficácia de Professores de Alunos com Autismo: Autism Self-Efficacy Scale for Teachers (Asset)
Authors: CANABARRO Renata Corcini Carvalho , TEIXEIRA Maria Cristina Triguero Veloz , SCHMIDT Carlo
Published: June 2018

RESUMO: A percepção de autoeficácia docente em relação à prática profissional pode interferir na escolarização de alunos com autismo e afetar a motivação e a atuação do professor frente às situações desafiantes do processo de inclusão desse alunado. A Autism Self-Efficacy Scale for Teachers (ASSET) avalia as crenças de autoeficácia dos professores em sua capacidade para desempenhar tarefas docentes no ensino de alunos com autismo. Nesse contexto, este estudo verificou indicadores de equivalência semântica resultantes do processo de tradução e adaptação transcultural da escala ASSET para a língua portuguesa do Brasil e verificou indicadores de clareza e compreensão dessa versão em português mediante estudo piloto. Os procedimentos metodológicos envolveram a tradução da escala para a língua portuguesa e retrotradução para a língua inglesa; análise de equivalência semântica, avaliação de especialistas das etapas anteriores e adaptação da escala de pontuação; verificação de clareza e compreensão da escala mediante estudo piloto para consolidação de versão ﬁnal. A versão da escala ASSET em português mostrou indicadores adequados de equivalência denotativa e conotativa após as etapas de tradução, retrotradução e análise da equivalência semântica. Isso possibilitou a sistematização da versão síntese do instrumento com poucas modificações para atender tanto às adequações semânticas em relação à versão original quanto aos ajustes culturais, na etapa de avaliação dos especialistas e adaptação da pontuação. No estudo piloto, a versão síntese foi avaliada como adequada pela maioria dos professores. Na versão final da escala, foram incluídas sugestões dos participantes a partir do estudo piloto, considerando as adequações tanto de vocabulário coloquial quanto de manutenção do efeito de cada item na cultura brasileira. Sugerem-se novos estudos que avaliem outras propriedades psicométricas da ASSET.
Tratamento com acupuntura: avaliação multidimensional da dor lombar em gestantes
Authors: Martins Eveliny Silva , Tavares Tainan Maria Cruz Lopes , Lessa Paula Renata Amorim , Aquino Priscila de Souza , Castro Régia Christina Moura Barbosa , Pinheiro Ana Karina Bezerra
Published: June 2018

RESUMO Objetivo Avaliar os efeitos da acupuntura no tratamento da dor lombar em gestantes no segundo e terceiro trimestre de gravidez. Método Estudo quase-experimental, antes e depois, realizado com gestantes de idade gestacional entre 14 e 37 semanas, que apresentavam queixa de dor lombar. Foram realizadas sessões de acupuntura, com a aplicação de pontos sistêmicos e auriculares. Para avaliação da dor, utilizou-se do questionário McGill, além do instrumento de identificação do perfil sociodemográfico, clínico e obstétrico. Resultados A técnica de acupuntura realizada em até seis sessões, em 56 gestantes com dor lombar referida, proporcionou efeitos positivos favoráveis à saúde das participantes. Segundo a avaliação de mensuração da dor, houve redução estatisticamente significante na dor lombar das gestantes logo a partir da segunda sessão e diminuição gradativa com os avançar do número de sessões. Não houve eventos adversos graves relacionados à acupuntura. Conclusão A acupuntura ofereceu significativos efeitos para a redução ou o alívio da dor nas gestantes. As participantes denotaram satisfação e bem-estar ao sair de cada sessão.
Association of Immune-Related Adverse Events with Clinical Benefit in Patients with Advanced Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer Treated with Nivolumab
Authors: Toi Yukihiro , Sugawara Shunichi , Kawashima Yosuke , Aiba Tomoiki , Kawana Sachiko , Saito Ryohei , Tsurumi Kyoji , Suzuki Kana , Shimizu Hisashi , Sugisaka Jun , Ono Hirotaka , Domeki Yutaka , Terayama Keisuke , Nakamura Atsushi , Yamanda Shinsuke , Kimura Yuichiro , Honda Yoshihiro
Published: June 2018

Background

Immune-related adverse events (irAEs) are frequently observed with nivolumab monotherapy. This study aimed to evaluate whether the development of irAEs correlates with treatment response in advanced non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC).

Patients and Methods

We conducted a retrospective study of patients who received nivolumab monotherapy at Sendai Kousei Hospital (n = 70). The patients were categorized into two groups based on the incidence of irAEs: those with irAEs (irAE group) or those without (non-irAE group). Treatment efficacy was evaluated in each group. The patients were further categorized into responders and nonresponders, and predictive factors of treatment response were determined.

Results

The objective response rate was 57% in the irAE group versus 12% in the non-irAE group. Median progression-free survival was 12.0 months in the irAE versus 3.6 months in the non-irAE group. The incidence of both irAEs and pre-existing antithyroid antibody was significantly higher in responders than in nonresponders. Multivariate analysis identified incidence of irAEs and pre-existing antithyroid antibody as an independent predictor of treatment response.

Conclusion

Objective response rate and progression-free survival were significantly better in the irAE than in the non-irAE group in patients with advanced NSCLC treated with nivolumab monotherapy. The development of irAEs was associated with clinical efficacy, and the presence of pre-existing antithyroid antibody might be correlated with treatment response to nivolumab monotherapy.

Implications for Practice

Immune-related adverse events (irAEs) are frequently observed with nivolumab monotherapy. This study evaluted whether the development of irAEs correlates with treatment response in advanced non-small-cell lung cancer. Results showed that the objective response rate and progression-free survival were significantly better in the patients who developed irAEs than in the patients who did not develop irAEs, and the incidence of irAEs and positivity for antithyroid antibody at pretreatment were independent predictors of treatment response of nivolumab monotherapy. Therefore, the development of irAEs predicts clinical benefit and suggests that cautious management of irAEs can lead to achieving maximum clinical benefit from nivolumab monotherapy.
Efficiency of accelerated techniques for assessing corrosion protection of blended cements
Authors: Sharkawi Aladdin M. , Seyam Ahmed M.
Published: June 2018

The efficiency of different accelerated corrosion techniques was compared to evaluate the role of some blended cements in corrosion protection for reinforced-concrete elements exposed to chloride. Specifically, a quick impressed voltage accelerated corrosion technique was implemented and compared with slower macrocell techniques, such as southern exposure and cracked beam. For the same purpose, corrosion protection performance was also evaluated for reinforced-concrete slabs made with identical cement blends and exposed to severe freely corroding conditions for 140 weeks. Corrosion results for the impressed voltage technique were remarkably comparable to those obtained for the other, slower, corrosion techniques investigated. Therefore, instead of using more complicated techniques, the impressed voltage technique can prove reliable for assessing the chloride-induced corrosion activity of cementitious materials with noticeable differences in durability characteristics. However, further research is currently underway to verify the repeatability of the latter conclusion. Based on the impressed voltage technique, an empirical equation is proposed to predict the delay in steel corrosion initiation obtained by replacing Portland cement with blended cements. The proposed equation depends on some easily measured durability characteristics of concrete surrounding steel. Further research results and data published in the literature can be used to refine the proposed equation.
Influence of silica fume content on bond behaviour of reinforcement in HPSCC
Authors: Dybeł Piotr , Wałach Daniel
Published: June 2018

The steel-to-concrete bond in high-performance self-compacting concrete (HPSCC) was investigated based on direct pull-out tests. The analysis was performed on specimens made from four different HPSCC mixes with varying contents of silica fume (SF) (0, 5, 10 and 15% by mass of cement). The specimens used allowed the determination of changes in bond at individual levels of elements with a total height of 160, 480, 800 and 1600 mm. The rebars in the elements were placed perpendicularly to the direction of concreting. A reference element, characterised by a parallel orientation to the direction of concreting, was also prepared. It was found that the modification of HPSCC using SF improved the quality of bond conditions, especially in the case of elements with substantial height. There was, however, no effect of rebar orientation with respect to this casting direction and to the change in bond stiffness.
An economic assessment of SO2 reduction from industrial sources on the highveld of South Africa
Authors: Steyn Marilize , Kornelius Gerrit
Published: June 2018

The costs and benefits associated with the implementation of an SO2 point source standard for solid fuel combustion installations (Category 1.1 sources, National Environmental Management: Air Quality Act: s21 List of Activities 2013) were evaluated to assess the desirability of implementation of the standards from an environmental as well as economic point of view. The study used a bottoms-up or impact pathway approach to analyse the impact of emission reduction. To reach the new plant (2020) SO2 emission standard of 500 mg/Nm3, the installation of wet flue gas desulfurisation (FGD) is the likely technology as it is a widely installed and well-developed technology. Costs and benefits associated with the installation of FGD were identified and ranked into four categories, based on the expected impact and the availability of information. All costs and benefits that could be quantified and monetized (Category 1 impacts) were included in the evaluation. A sensitivity analysis was conducted on the costs and benefits with the largest impact on NPV (net present value) or the largest uncertainty associated with the calculation to determine a range of feasible values. Site specific information was used where available, supplemented by benefit transfer where local data was not available. The impact on premature adult mortality was found to be the most significant benefit and dependent on the concentration response function selected and sensitive to the VSL (value of statistical life) estimate used (high R115 billion; low R36 billion). The choice of appropriate concentration response functions and the applicability thereof in the South African context are important considerations, likely requiring further study. The capital cost of FGD installations was found to be the most significant cost and was sensitive to the evaluation method (central R187 bil; high R306 bil; low R80 bil). Failure to account for operating costs would significantly impact the economic evaluation. The results of the study indicate that, given the information currently available, it is unlikely that the benefit of reducing SO2 emissions from existing sources to the required standard outweighs the cost of implementation on the Mpumalanga Highveld.
THE UNITED NATIONS CONVENTION ON THE RIGHTS OF PERSONS WITH DISABILITIES AND ITS EFFECTS ON THE PROMOTION OF ELITE DISABILITY SPORT: A WORLDWIDE ANALYSIS
Authors: Prieto Jaime , Paramio-Salcines Juan L.
Published: June 2018

Little attention has been focused on the analysis of the interrelation between disability and elite disability sport from the human rights perspective as the United Nations Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities (UNCRPD) demands of those countries that ratified this global regulation. More than a decade since its promulgation in December 2006, the United Nations itself and a plethora of authors recognises that disability in general and disability sport by extension has not yet been seen as a human rights issue in many countries, principally in developing countries. This paper is divided into four main parts. First, academic literature in relation to disability, human rights policy and sport at elite level is explored. Second, it examines the active role of the International Paralympic Committee, regarded as a major advocate for the rights of the sport promotion of athletes with disabilities, to implement the Convention by the organisation of sports events for Paralympic athletes worldwide at all levels of the sport development continuum. Third, it explains the methods and data collection followed in the study and the following section presents results of the analysis. Finally, it draws an international scenario that might be valuable in informing academics, institutions and professionals to promote elite disability sport from the human rights perspective.
Religious Inequality in America
Authors: Wilde Melissa J. , Tevington Patricia , Shen Wensong
Published: June 2018

Sociology has largely ignored class differences between American religious groups under the assumption that those differences “are smaller than they used to be and are getting smaller all of the time” (Pyle & Davidson, 2014, p. 195). This article demonstrates that profound class differences remain amongst American religious groups. These differences are as large as—or larger than—commonly examined forms of inequality such as the gender pay gap and the race achievement gap. Using the most popular categorization of American religious groups, we find that regardless of the particular measure examined (years of education, income, socioeconomic index score, and proportion of members with at least a bachelor’s degree) Jews and Mainline Protestants are at the top of the socioeconomic ladder and Evangelical Protestants, both black and white, are at the bottom. Furthermore, religious group significantly predicts both years of education and the overall socioeconomic standing of respondents by itself with basic controls. Likewise, both socioeconomic indicators and education significantly predict the likelihood of being in a specific religious tradition on their own with basic controls. Some religious groups, namely Evangelical Protestants at the low end and Jews and the high end, are relatively educationally homogeneous. Others, such as Catholics, Mainline Protestants and the nonreligious are much more educationally heterogeneous. The picture is the same when socioeconomic heterogeneity is examined, except that Mainline Protestants emerge as more clearly advantaged socioeconomically. In sum, religious inequality remains in America, it is robust, and it appears to be quite durable.
Editorial: “Complex Religion: Intersections of Religion and Inequality”
Authors: Wilde Melissa J.
Published: June 2018

What is complex religion and how does it relate to social inclusion? Complex religion is a theory which posits that religion intersects with inequality, especially class, race, ethnicity and gender. The nine articles in this volume examine a wide array of ways that religion intersects with inequality, and how, as a result, it can create barriers to social inclusion. The issue begins with three articles that examine the role of religion and its intersection with race and racialization processes. It then moves to three articles that examine religion’s intersection with socioeconomic inequality. The issue closes with three studies of how religion’s relationship with the state creates and maintains various status hierarchies, even as some religious movements seek to combat inequality. Together, these articles enrichen our understanding of the complex task before anyone seeking to think about the role of religion in social inclusion.
ADMINISTRATIVE SANCTIONS FOR DRIVING UNDER THE ALCOHOL INFLUENCE
Authors: Zīle Jana
Published: June 2018

The relative indicators of road traffic safety in Latvia are still amongst the worst in the EU Member States, despite the fact that the road safety level improvement rate in Latvia is one of the best in the European Union. Despite the reduction of severity of road accidents, it is still higher than the best national figures of EU. The publication examines the sanctions for driving under the influence of alcohol or narcotic or other intoxicating substances and their impact on traffic safety in Latvia, court statistics is analysed. The authors also provide their proposals for improving the situation.
PUBLIC SECURITY – OBJECT OF POLICE PROTECTION
Authors: Matvejevs Aleksandrs
Published: June 2018

The analysis of the notion ‘public security’ reveals its two parts: 1) conditions where there is no threat to an individual, society or state; 2) measures by the state that ensure these conditions and instills in people the sense of security. These elements to a certain extent determine the features and characterize public security as an object of police protection and as a definition of the notion. Public security is based on two elements: 1) public peace when there is peace, cooperation and confidence in safety in the public realm; 2) conditions of protects ability where the state (the police) continuously provides public security and is ready to render help and neutralize any threats. Thereby in the legal reality public security is police legal relations where the subjects are, on the one hand persons, society, state institutions that have a constant need of protection against crimes and other offences and, on the other hand, the state whose task is to ensure the protection stated in the legislation via competent institutions.
CRIMINAL LIABILITY FOR PUBLIC INCITEMENT TO COMMIT ILLEGAL ACTS
Authors: Treļs Ēriks
Published: June 2018

On 18 March 2016 President of Latvia Raimonds Vējonis posted a letter to the Legal Affairs Committee of the Parliament of the Republic of Latvia (Saeima) regarding the amendments to the Criminal Law (Nr.514/Lp12). President of Latvia drew attention of the Saeima to several controversial definitions of the amendments to the law requiring a clearer and more precise wording so that the proposed statutory solutions would not contradict the Constitution of Latvia (Satversme) and international commitments of Latvia. The article aims to initiate a debate on problems related to the application of the Section 81 of the Criminal Law. The author offers his vision of the regulatory framework application problems.
OPERATIONAL PSYCHOLOGY
Authors: Trofimovs Igors
Published: June 2018

The author deals with the history of formation of operational psychology as a field of knowledge influencing the national security. The author discloses in details some psychological essentials of the application of this knowledge in everyday activities of employees of special forces units, police, prosecutor’s office, courts, punishment execution system and other law enforcement institutions. The author also notes as important that during operational activities, in the process of determination of the truth, officers have not only to help in the reproduction of the facts, but also to try to achieve the truthfulness of the evidence. Because of applying, psychological techniques of operational investigative psychology create conditions for acquisition of correct and complete information about facts, particular events being of interest to law enforcement institutions ensuring necessary impact on persons who intentionally want to hide the truth and often forward false information. Therefore, the acquisition of psychological knowledge in the operational and investigative activities is a necessity for law enforcement institutions.
LEGAL REGULATION OF RISK IN THE USE OF NUCLEAR ENERGY IN BULGARIA
Authors: Borisova Оlga
Published: June 2018

Normatīvie akti par kodoldrošību Bulgārijā tiek veidoti hierarhiskā kārtībā un regulējums ar visaugstāko spēku ir Konstitūcijai. Normatīvais akts, kas ilgtermiņā regulē risku novēršanu kodolenerģijas izmantošanas jomā, ir Likums par kodolenerģijas drošu izmantošanu. Kodolenerģijas drošas izmantošanas detalizēts regulējums ir iekļauts no likuma izrietošos zemāka līmeņa noteikumos un nolikumos. Kodoldrošības regulējumam raksturīga harmoniska attīstība līdztekus Eiropas Savienības regulējumam šajā jomā, un regulējuma īpatnība ir daudzas tehniskās detaļas, kas attiecas uz drošību un risku novēršanu. Kodoltehnoloģiju attīstība izraisa nepieciešamību bieži grozīt atbilstošos normatīvos aktus.
ECONOMIC SAFETY IN THE CONTEXT OF COMMERCIAL TRANSACTIONS
Authors: Joksts Jānis
Published: June 2018

Raiderism is a type of offense that doesn’t have an exact definition in the law system. The main goal of the publication is to investigate the topicality of the fraudulent version – the raiderism and research historical interrelationships in the aspect of normative acts, as well as to study the nature of raiderism by analyzing a specific example. This example, like many others, fully confirms the hypothesis of the existence of raiderism, the problem of preventative identification of the profile of riders, as well as the imperfections of normative acts. In author’s opinion, it is possible to identify the most common types and by providing appropriate solutions to the regulatory of the area – raiderism can be localized quickly, but perpetrators can be held liable for their actions. Undoubtedly, effective regulatory regulation will also act as a deterrent to the spread of raiderism, as the inability to react effectively and the relative sense of impunity serve as catalyst for the raiders – the injured party needs to make great efforts and, despite the losses caused by the raiders, must be financially capable of proving the perpetrator’s offense in long term.
POLICE ACTIVITIES IN THE FIELD OF ROAD SAFETY MONITORING
Authors: Matvejevs Aleksandrs
Published: June 2018

The legal problem of policing is how to regulate police powers that enable police officers to enforce laws. The purpose of this article is to investigate legal restrictions in police law. The author considers some legal restrictions implemented by the police in the field of road traffic.
CRIMINOLOGICAL AND CRIMINAL LAW ANALYSIS OF JUVENILE VIOLENT CRIME
Authors: Karpovs Vladimirs
Published: June 2018

In this article the author studies new forms of destructive violent forms of crimes and other deviations among minors. Among the new forms of destructive aggression in the modern world, the author selected the following: violence in schools (physical and mental), cyberbullying, inducement of minors to suicide. The main purpose of this research is to study the materials of criminal cases, police reports in the world about such violations in order to form the reasons for their commission, as well as offer specific measures of social control and their prevention. The scientific novelty of the study lies in the criminological study of such social phenomena. As one of the main conclusions, we are talking about the need to create an updated and detailed policy for the social control of such deviations.
DETERMINANTS OF TERROR ACTS ACCOMPLISHES-SUICIDE BOMBERS BEHAVIOR
Authors: Buciunas Gediminas
Published: June 2018

The aim of this paper is to analyze determinants which impact on behaviour of terror acts accomplishes-suicide bombers from psychological point of view, for example, whether there is a direct connection between Moon phases and suicide terrorists who conducted terror acts from 2015 to 2016 in the different parts of the world. The author also analyzes randomly selected terror acts carried out between 2016 and 2017 in the continent of Europe. Several factors have been taken into account, such as: terror acts location, suicide terrorist’s citizenship, country of origin, age, education, criminal background, country’s unemployment rate.The novelty of this paper is the fact that this type of research was not been carried out yet. This will allow us to see a more precise direction which should be taken in order to effectively prevent terror acts and what kind of changes can be carried out in certain programs for identification of individuals who may be posed real threat to country’s national security, can be easier involved into terror organizations activities than others.
THE FACTORS INFLUENCING SAFETY OF PENAL CORRECTION SYSTEM
Authors: Scherbakov Andrey
Published: June 2018

In article the general and special factors exerting impact on safety of a penal correction system are considered (Further – penal correction system). Relying on the different points of view stated in science, results of the conducted research, supplementing and developing them, the author considers in more detail and represents the system of factors of the penal correction systems exerting impact on safety.
TYPES OF TAX DISPUTES
Authors: Golts Edgars
Published: June 2018

This Work is a part of Author`s Promotion Work Study in the framework of evidences in tax legislation. Author has only set a goal to classify tax disputes by clearly understandable criteria. Author comes to the conclusion that tax disputes are divided into two groups, one of which, in turn, is divided into two subgroups. Author classifies tax disputes into law applied and legal relationship subjects. Author`s work reflects variety of scientific methods. Author provides subjects of involved tax disputes and definitions. The author classifies tax disputes by entities, involved in them, dividing in three pairs. In a wider scope, Author examines types of disputes between a tax authority and a taxpayer, Author classifies these disputes with regard to legal provisions used in solving relationships. They shall be divided in two groups. One group includes disputes arising of the interpretation of legal norms, and the second includes disputes arising from the violation of norms. The author divides the second group in two sub-groups - administrative offenses and criminal offenses.
UNUSED POSSIBILITIES OF DETECTIVE ACTIVITIES
Authors: Zaleckis Romualdas
Published: June 2018

Legal regulation of Lithuanian, Latvian, Russian private detectives activities provide additional opportunities for private detectives to create added value in their practice. Special laws of the countries in question that regulate their activities, give private detectives exclusive rights to provide detective services, therefore activities of other entities in this field is considered unlawful, and carries administrative and criminal liability. Another important statutory regulatory aspect of detective activities is that detectives can be recognized by law, within certain boundaries, to legally collect information about another persons private life, which is completely forbidden for any other private individual and collecting another person's private information, caries criminal and civil liability. And so the legislator has strictly limited the amount of entities that can provide services within the scope of detective activities and the content they are allowed to handle. The author presents two types of services as an example: the search of a debtor and his assets, a person's solvency and reliability evaluation. It is recommendable to employ educational measures to expand market demand for legal services that only detectives have the right to provide.
THE RELEVANT ISSUES OF CARRYING OUT THE INVESTIGATIVE ACTION – ON-SITE EXAMINATION OF TESTIMONY – IN THE CRIMINAL PROCEDURE OF LATVIA
Authors: Sumbarova Marina
Published: June 2018

One of the priorities in the activity of law enforcement establishments of Latvia is the qualitative investigation of crimes. The persons, directing the process, the investigators, prosecutors, judges constantly improve their professional skills in investigating criminal proceedings. The carrying out the investigative actions without violation of norms of Criminal and procedural law, using the scientific and technical means, with the participation of specialists is the key of successful investigation of criminal proceedings in various types of crimes. The goal of the research is the examination of criminal and procedural and tactical characteristics of the investigative action – the check of testimonies on the spot in the criminal procedure of Latvia. The scientific approaches of conducting of the check of testimonies on the spot, the practical provisions of the specified investigative action are identified; additions on the improvement of the criminal and procedural law on carrying out the check of testimonies on the spot and certain tactical proposals, related to this investigative action are made.
CREDITOR CLAIMS IN THE INSOLVENCY PROCEEDINGS OF A LEGAL ENTITY
Authors: Kronis Ivars
Published: June 2018

The study “Creditor claims in the insolvency proceedings of a legal entity” contains analysis of the legal norms that prescribe the filing and verification of creditor claims, decisions adopted by administrator concerning creditor claims, as well as the procedure for filing of creditor claims and complaints related to the acknowledging, waiver or partial acknowledging of creditor claims. The issue of creditor claims in the insolvency proceedings of legal entities is studied in details on the basis of the legal regulations and conclusions of application theory and practice. The study contains no analysis of the regulations applicable to the insolvency of the participants of finance and capital market whereas they are supervised in accordance with the requirements of regulatory acts by the Financial and Capital Market Commission and their activities are governed by special legal norms. Even though the issue of creditor claims has been earlier discussed in the insolvency law science of Latvia, authors of the relevant studies have discussed them in brief. This leads to conclusion that the issue of creditor claims is topical and that theoretical and practical study thereof is significant for insolvency law of the present day. Empiric base of the study comprises scientist works and article collection materials, periodical materials and sources, legal acts, Internet resources and other publicly available information. The approaches used in exploring the study include analytical, comparative and deductive research methods. The study is developed with the following structure (the questions of study also represent parts of this work): 1) General description of filing creditor claims; Formal legal requirements applicable to creditor claims; 3) Status of creditor and complaints concerning claims.
TAX FRAUD PHENOME: QUALIFICATION DUE TO CRIMINAL LAW IN FIELD OF VAT
Authors: Švecova Ļubova
Published: June 2018

In the present article the author has considered in a concentrated form the essence of the tax fraud phenomenon, the responsibility for which is determined by the legislation, both in administrative and criminal order – in accordance with 218 (tax avoidance) and 177 (fraud) acts. The aim of the present research is to consider the problems of tax violation, to systematize the issues related to the qualification of criminal acts in the area of taxation at establishing the fact of fraud with value added tax. The author systematized the elements of criminal acts’ compounds - fraud and tax evasion, the importance of the aspect of separating fictitious and real transactions during their classification, as well as addressed issues related to the offense ascertaining at the stage of its ending, in case of fraud with value added tax. There have been no previous investigations found on researching the phenomenon of tax fraud in Latvia through the prism of analysis of prevalence cause, types on manifestation of the phenomenon and ways of preventing and dealing with it. While researching the phenomenon of tax fraud, the author intends to examine the problem in greater details. The main conclusion, which relates to fraud with value added tax, is the fact that the Law system on Value Added Tax itself enables the unfair taxpayer to commit fraud. The lack of clear approach and criteria for the qualification of tax fraud has a negative impact on the effectiveness of preventing and dealing with this criminal act.
ACTUAL QUESTIONS ABOUT INVESTIGATOR'S WORK IN LATVIAN CRIMINAL PROCEDURE
Authors: Sumbarova Marina
Published: June 2018

In this article author considers the questions connected with activity of the investigator at investigation of crimes, gives the characteristic of his procedural activity, defines his legal status in Latvian criminal procedure, characterizes important functions that this participant of criminal trial has. Along with consideration of a legal status of the investigator in criminal trial of Latvia, the analysis of the relevant procedural characteristics connected with investigation of criminal trials has determined the scientifically based directions in modern educational process of Latvia by training of specialists lawyers and, in particular, investigators. As a results of a research are given offers to change separate standards of the Criminal procedure law.
RESPONSIBILITY FOR VIOLATION OF ACCOUNTING LEGISLATION IN LATVIA AND FINLAND
Authors: Jilkine Vladimir
Published: June 2018

Rakstā aplūkota atbildība par grāmatvedības noteikumu pārkāpumiem Latvijā un Somijā. Šādu atbildību lielā mērā ietekmē starptautiskās vienošanās, saskaņā ar kurām valstis apņemas pakāpeniska ieviest vienotus grāmatvedības standartus un sistēmas, kas ļauj automātiskā režīmā apmainīties ar informāciju par ienākumiem un nodokļu maksājumiem. Vienlaikus secināms, ka mūsdienu audita metodika ļauj efektīvi konstatēt grāmatvedības noteikumu pārkāpšanas gadījumus, ja šādas darbības ir vērstas uz izvairīšanos no nodokļiem un apdraud ekonomisko drošību. Raksta ietvaros veiktā likumu grozījumu analīze ļauj izdarīt secinājumu, ka Somijā un Latvijā ir veikti nepieciešamie likumdošanas pasākumi starptautisko grāmatvedības standartu ieviešanai.