bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Structures under nominalization
Authors: Wang Chen
Published: February 2025

This paper means to make a comparative study of the nominals denoting an event in Mandarin and English. I propose
that although English has three types of eventive nominals — simple event nominal, Referential (R-) nominal, and Argument
Structure (AS-) nominal — Mandarin has only simple event nominals. The category shifting, which is required in the derivation of
R-nominals and AS-nominals in English, is an operation unavailable in Mandarin, a result caused by the lack of categorial (c-)
functors by assumption. I propose that a Mandarin eventive nominal enters syntax as a category-less root and immediately gets an N
category by merging as the complement to a semantic (s-) functor from the extended projection of N. It thus projects no argument
structure and undergoes no V-N shift, resulting in its incapability of taking post-nominal arguments. The DPs interpreted as
arguments are merged external to the nominal and are thus flexible in terms of their thematic roles. The analysis shows that there
is a parametric variation based on the inventory of c-functors between Mandarin and English.
Constructive proofs of existence and stability of solitary waves in the Whitham and capillary–gravity Whitham equations
Authors: Cadiot Matthieu
Published: February 2025

In this manuscript, we present a method to prove constructively the existence and spectral stability of solitary waves in both the Whitham and the capillary–gravity Whitham equations. By employing Fourier series analysis and computer-aided techniques, we successfully approximate the Fourier multiplier operator in this equation, allowing the construction of an approximate inverse for the linearization around an approximate solution u
0. Then, using a Newton–Kantorovich approach, we provide a sufficient condition under which the existence of a unique solitary wave

u
~

in a ball centered at u
0 is obtained. The verification of such a condition is established combining analytic techniques and rigorous numerical computations. Moreover, we derive a methodology to control the spectrum of the linearization around

u
~

, enabling the study of spectral stability of the solution. As an illustration, we provide a (constructive) computer-assisted proof (CAP) of existence of stable solitary waves in both the case with capillary effects (T > 0) and without capillary effects (T = 0). Moreover, we provide an existence proof for a branch of solitary waves in the case T = 0 via a rigorous continuation in the wave velocity. The methodology presented in this paper can be generalized and provides a new approach for addressing the existence and spectral stability of solitary waves in nonlocal nonlinear equations. All CAPs, including the requisite codes, are accessible on GitHub at Cadiot (2023 https://github.com/matthieucadiot/WhithamSoliton.jl).
Theoretical and simulation analysis of the transient plasma characteristics of ultrahigh-frequency adjustable multipulse gas tungsten arc welding
Authors: Li Hongxiao , Chen Shujun , ZHAO Hongyan , Yu Yue , Jin ZhaoJun , Li Lingli
Published: February 2025

The introduction of ultrahigh-frequency pulse gas tungsten arc welding has revolutionized the precision of heat input control in welding arcs, presenting new and promising research directions for welding processes. However, due to current limitations in imaging technology, only steady-state images of the arc under 100-kHz pulse current conditions can be captured, making it challenging to display instantaneous dynamics. This has led to a lack of in-depth studies on the arc morphology and characteristics of ultrahigh-frequency adjustable multipulse gas tungsten arc welding (UFMP-GTAW) at this frequency. To bridge this gap, a transient two-dimensional axisymmetric numerical simulation model for 100-kHz UFMP-GTAW was established in this paper, based on magnetohydrodynamics and the assumption of local thermal equilibrium. The model used Maxwell's equations to simulate the physical behavior of the arc. A 100-kHz UFMP-GTAW arc model was generated and analyzed using simulation technology. The results show that the macroscopic morphology of the 100-kHz UFMP-GTAW arc obtained through simulation remains highly stable within a single-pulse cycle, which is consistent with the actual steady-state arc images. The high-intensity energy regions inside the arc exhibit regular droplet-like flows that migrate from the cathode to the anode. Variations in the current, temperature, and current density exhibit asynchronous characteristics. The peak and average values of parameters such as the arc temperature and current density have increased significantly. This method’s unique current waveform design and ultrahigh-frequency mechanism enable it to achieve a high-energy state of arc plasma at a lower average current level, which provides a reference for the precise control of welding quality and improves the welding energy utilization efficiency.
Research on Instance Segmentation of Sunspot Groups Based on ConvNeXt-V2
Authors: He Yuanbo , Lee Haeyoung , Liu Yaming , Yang Linyu , Zhang Lanlan
Published: February 2025

Classification and segmentation of sunspot groups are valuable for analyzing the evolution of sunspot magnetic fields, which is closely associated with solar flare eruptions. This study presents a deep learning-based method tailored for the Mount Wilson magnetic classification and segmentation of sunspot groups. Utilizing data from the Helioseismic and Magnetic Imager collected from 2010 June to 2024 April, we created a labeled data set of 3916 composite images. The data set was split into training and testing sets in a 4:1 ratio to facilitate practical model training and evaluation. The study applies the ConvNeXt-V2 model, which integrating a Fully Convolutional Masked Autoencoder and a Global Response Normalization layer to enhance feature extraction capabilities and computational efficiency. The model achieves significant parameter reduction by leveraging the inverted residual bottleneck structure and depthwise separable convolutions. During training, a combination of Stochastic Gradient Descent and AdamW optimizers improves model accuracy and generalization ability. The model demonstrates strong performance in classification and segmentation tasks, attaining a mean AP@0.5 of 0.90 in classification and 0.88 in segmentation. Mean Precision exceeds 0.9, with mean Recall and F1-Score nearing 0.9 in classification task. Confusion matrix analysis reveals minor confusions between similar categories. Additionally, confidence heatmap analysis shows that smaller sunspots display lower segmentation confidence scores, highlighting challenges in small-target segmentation.
A Flexible Spherical Mixture Model for Gamma-Ray Burst Patterns Obtained from BATSE and FERMI Mission
Authors: Ghosh Prithwish , Ghosh Sujit , Chatterjee Debashis
Published: February 2025

The study encapsulates the investigation into the spherical distributional characteristics of parameters relevant to Gamma-Ray Bursts (GRBs), mainly focusing on their Galactic coordinates. The study utilized a mixture of von Mises Fisher spherical distributions to model the spatial distribution of GRBs in both BATSE and FERMI catalogs. Optimal numbers of mixture components were determined for different subsets of GRBs, including Long and Short GRBs. For the BATSE catalog, it turns out that a mixture of two spherical distributions provides a good fit for the whole data set and long and short GRBs. On the other hand, for the FERMI catalog, it turns out that a mixture of three spherical distributions provides a good fit for the whole data set, and a mixture of four distributions is adequate for both long and short GRBs. Additionally, an assessment was made to determine if the location parameter of GRBs follows any spherical distribution. Our flexible directional statistical modeling framework reveals that GRBs exhibit a non-uniform distribution on the celestial sphere, as evidenced by rejecting the null hypothesis of uniform distribution on a sphere using the Watson test. Our analysis statistically inquires the long-held assumption of their isotropic spread, especially in 2D projected spatial distributions of GRBs, suggesting that these cosmic events might not be uniformly scattered across the celestial sphere. The observed clumping of GRBs hints at the underlying cosmic scaffolding—the large-scale distribution of matter and star formation. Our results statistically asserts the explanation that the intrinsic GRB formation rate is typically tied to cosmic star formation rates with a delay time distribution, leading to a non-uniform rate as a function of redshift, demanding more nuanced calculations. However, this finding needs to consider potential biases introduced by the Milky Way’s obscuration and our heliocentric perspective.
Guidance for sharing computational models of neural stimulation: from project planning to publication
Authors: Pelot Nicole A , Wang Boshuo , Marshall Daniel P , Hussain Minhaj A , Musselman Eric D , Yu Gene J , Dale Jahrane , Baumgart Ian W , Dardani Daniel , Zamani Princess Tara , Chang Villacreses David Fernando , Wagenaar Joost , Grill Warren M
Published: February 2025

Objective. Sharing computational models offers many benefits, including increased scientific rigor during project execution, readership of the associated paper, resource usage efficiency, replicability, and reusability. In recognition of the growing practice and requirement of sharing models, code, and data, herein, we provide guidance to facilitate sharing of computational models by providing an accessible resource for regular reference throughout a project’s stages. Approach. We synthesized literature on good practices in scientific computing and on code and data sharing with our experience in developing, sharing, and using models of neural stimulation, although the guidance will also apply well to most other types of computational models. Main Results. We first describe the “6 R” characteristics of shared models, leaning on prior scientific computing literature, which enforce accountability and enable advancement: re-runnability, repeatability, replicability, reproducibility, reusability, and readability. We then summarize action items associated with good practices in scientific computing, including selection of computational tools during project planning, code and documentation design during development, and user instructions for deployment. We provide a detailed checklist of the contents of shared models and associated materials, including the model itself, code for reproducing published figures, documentation, and supporting datasets. We describe code, model, and data repositories, including a list of characteristics to consider when selecting a platform for sharing. We describe intellectual property considerations to balance permissive, open-source licenses versus software patents and bespoke licenses that govern and incentivize commercialization. Finally, we exemplify these practices with our ASCENT pipeline for modeling peripheral nerve stimulation. Significance. We hope that this paper will serve as an important and actionable reference for scientists who develop models—from project planning through publication—as well as for model users, institutions, intellectual property experts, journals, funding sources, and repository platform developers.
Optimization of wind shear escape training for civil aviation pilot trainees via reinforcement learning and sequential pattern mining
Authors: Zhang Yangyang , Gao Zhenxing , Gu Hongbin , Xiang Zhiwei
Published: February 2025

In wind shear escape training, the operation manual-based operations, which were developed by experts in the field of civil aviation, obtained via qualitative analysis would perhaps cause untimely, redundant, omitted, and out-of-sequence operations when under complex conditions. To improve windshear escape training, this study starts with an actor-separated proximal policy optimization (ASPPO) algorithm to generate optimal agents, considering that operations in flight involve both discrete and continuous actions. Further based on the action sequence generated from the optimal agent, sequential pattern mining is used for quantitative analysis to obtain the maximum frequent action sequence. The results of the wind shear escape test, as an example, revealed that the optimal agent based on ASPPO could make an aircraft escape fast with stable attitudes. Meanwhile, the comparison of action sequences obtained from the PrefixSpan algorithm and pilot trainees indicated the imperfections in pilot trainees’ operations.
Study on particulate matter emission characteristics and its influencing factors of a drum brake
Authors: Bai Fengyue , Wang Chong , Wei Hongyuan , Zhang Lin , Wang Xiaowei
Published: February 2025

The particle emission characteristics of a drum brake under different braking cycles and braking conditions are studied based on the inertia test bench, brake sealing chamber, and particle test equipment. The results show that a large number of particles are generated during the braking process, and the number of solid particles at a nominal particle size of approximately 10 nm electrical mobility diameter and larger (SPN10) emission factor can reach 8.927×109 #/km under different braking cycles. With the increase of initial braking speed, initial braking temperature, and vehicle load, the brake wear particulate generated in the braking process increases. The total brake wear particulate number emission has a quadratic function relationship with the initial braking speed and a linear relationship with the initial braking temperature. Brake deceleration has little effect on total brake wear particulate number emissions produced in one brake process.
Thermodynamic performance simulation analysis of a 2.0T second generation gasoline engine
Authors: Zhao Hongxia , Lv Jiangyi , Zhang Hualei , Niu Yali
Published: February 2025

According to the requirements of the model development, this analysis applies GT power software to establish a thermodynamic simulation and analysis model for a 2.0T second-generation direct injection turbocharged inter-cooled gasoline engine. Based on the experimental data of the model, the input of the calculation model is calibrated, and the thermodynamic performance indicators of the external characteristics under various operating conditions are simulated and calculated to evaluate and analyze the feasibility of the development goals.
Recent amplification of the Siberian High decadal variability significantly influenced by anthropogenic aerosols in CanESM5
Authors: Chen Lingying , Bollasina Massimo A , Tett Simon F. B. , Chen Wen
Published: February 2025

The Siberian High (SibH), a prominent feature of the Northern Hemisphere atmospheric circulation, exhibited enhanced interdecadal variability since 1970, characterized by a sharp decline from 1970 to 1990 followed by a steep recovery from 1990 to 2010. The factors underpinning these variations are unclear. Using the CanESM5 large ensemble, including the single forcing simulations, we find that anthropogenic aerosols played an important role in influencing the above SibH trends on top of pronounced internally-generated variations. Changes in the SibH during both periods are embedded in aerosol-induced upper-tropospheric mid-latitude wave trains propagating from upstream regions, with subsequent downward propagation of the signal to the surface via three-dimensional dynamical adjustments. Further insights into the physical mechanisms using regional aerosol perturbation experiments with CESM1 reveal a dominant role of decreased North American aerosol emissions in driving the atmospheric wave train through interaction with the North Atlantic jet during the first period. In the second period, European aerosol emissions, characterized by a large and extensive decrease, are crucial to explain the SibH recovery. A better understanding of the factors driving multidecadal variability of the SibH, and in particular of the interplay between internal variability and external forcing, is critical to reducing uncertainties in future projections of regional extremes, such as cold surges, which can cause large social and economic impacts on densely populated East Asia.
Drying Shrinkage and Heat of Hydration of Ternary Blended Concrete Incorporating Coal bottom Ash as Fine Aggregate Substitute
Authors: Mansour Mohammed A. , Ismail Mohd Hanif , Alshalif Abdullah Faisal , Ibrahim Mohd Haziman Wan , Mokhtar Norfaniza
Published: February 2025

This study evaluated the effects of metakaolin (MK), palm oil fuel ash (POFA), along with coal bottom ash (CBA) as partial fine aggregate replacement on drying shrinkage and heat of hydration (HOH) of concrete. Optimal proportions of MK, hybrid blend of MK and POFA, and the best combination of CBA with MK and POFA were determined based on the compressive strength. The optimization process showed that 15% MK is the optimal blend, a hybrid blend of 15% MK and 20% POFA is the best blend, and 10% CBA is the optimal addition when mixed with the blend of MK and POFA. The findings indicated that the incorporation of MK and POFA in concrete with or without CBA reduced the drying shrinkage. Additionally, concrete blended with MK and POFA with or without CBA reduced the temperature rise due to hydration. However, CBA mixed with combined MK and POFA resulted in a higher initial temperature compared to the reference concrete. In conclusion, MK, POFA and CBA can minimize the formation of cracks due to decreased shrinkage and HOH.
Development of Correlation Curve of The Compressive Strength-Maturity Index
Authors: Ngh K C , Jamaluddin N , Nurazuwa M N , Md Soffi M N , Herdawati B , Faiz M
Published: February 2025

The maturity method is not commonly practiced in estimating in-place concrete strength in Malaysia. However, knowing the in-place or real-time concrete strength is crucial for making critical decisions, such as removing formwork, scheduling post-tensioning operations, and fast-tracking construction projects like bridge repairs to minimize repair time and reduce facility closures. In this study, the maturity method was utilized in developing the correlation curve of Grade 25 concrete (C25), a typical concrete grade frequently used. The temperature of the cylinders was captured by thermocouples and MONSEC. The temperature of the cylinders was recorded using thermocouples. Temperature data from both devices were found to be accurate and consistent. The Nurse-Saul method, with a datum temperature of 32°F (0°C), was employed to calculate the maturity indices. These data were then used to develop the strength- maturity curves, validated through laboratory tests. The results indicate that the correlation curves accurately predict concrete strength, with minor variations of less than 10%. This demonstrates that the compressive strength-maturity index correlation curve is reliable for predicting concrete strength.
Enhancing the Effectiveness of Hybrid Reassurance Assessments by Third-Party Providers in Petrochemical and Refinery Integrated Megaprojects
Authors: Khalid Shaiful , Zainun Noor Yasmin
Published: February 2025

This study evaluates the effectiveness of hybrid reassurance assessments conducted by third-party assurance providers in petrochemical and refinery integrated megaprojects, with a specific focus on the COMPLEX-X project by COMPANY-X. Utilizing a mixed-methods approach, the research integrates quantitative analysis of QMS performance indicators and qualitative insights from document analysis to provide a comprehensive understanding of Quality Management Systems (QMS) effectiveness. Quantitative findings revealed significant improvements in compliance with ISO 9001:2015 standards, with the one-way ANOVA test indicating substantial differences in quality management effectiveness across project packages (F-statistic = 18.78, p-value = 3.59e-06). Qualitative analysis highlighted key themes and challenges in project execution and engineering, derived from structured workshops and internal document reviews. The hybrid reassurance assessments, incorporating best practices from COMPANY-X and COMPANY-Y, proved effective in enhancing operational readiness, improving risk management, and fostering robust stakeholder engagement. The study emphasizes the critical role of continuous training, advanced technology integration, and a culture of continuous improvement in driving QMS effectiveness. Based on the findings, recommendations include enhancing training programs, strengthening risk management frameworks, improving stakeholder communication, leveraging advanced technologies, and fostering a culture of continuous improvement. These insights aim to guide project managers and stakeholders in optimizing assurance processes, ultimately enhancing project outcomes and ensuring compliance with industry standards. By leveraging a comprehensive and integrative approach to QMS, COMPANY-X can continue to drive operational excellence, mitigate risks, and achieve sustainable growth in the highly competitive oil and gas industry. The study sets a benchmark for integrating quality management theories and practices in the context of large-scale petrochemical and refinery projects.
Mineralogical evolution of certain Saharan soils of Algeria (case of Ziban soils and the Oued Righ valley)
Authors: Boumaraf B , Saadi I , Guillaneuf A , Laouar S , Belaich K , Mebref N , Abid A , Hassina S
Published: February 2025

Our study area is located in the northeastern part of the Algerian Sahara, specifically in the Ziban and Oued Righ Valley regions. These lands are poorly understood from a pedogenetic perspective. This study represents an initial approach, combining both morphological and mineralogical analyses of recent and current soil covers. The interpretation of these data provides valuable insights for selecting targeted crops based on the type and significance of the edaphic constraints. Pedological analyses of the different morphological levels previously identified, combined with the results of mineralogical and microscopic investigations using X-Ray diffraction analyses, have demonstrated the role of inheritance and the aggradation of secondary minerals. These processes are predominant, with the exception of Attapulgite a fibrous mineral detected in some soil profiles which may result from neoformation. Additionally, at all levels, lateral inputs of sulfates from the closed depressions have contributed to the neoformation of gypsum. Microscopic examination revealed that gypsum invades, disrupts, and impedes the development of some secondary minerals. This phenomenon is attributed to the crystallization pressure of gypsum. This knowledge enhances our understanding of the dynamics governing soil formation and structural stability in these regions.
Effect of date palm compost on the yield, growth and quality of melon (Cucumis melo L)
Authors: Merad Mira , Guimeur Kamel , Boutalbi Houda
Published: February 2025

Sustainable agriculture is increasingly exploring natural by-products as effective alternatives to conventional chemical fertilizers. This study, conducted from February to May 2023 in a greenhouse environment at the University of Biskra, aimed to evaluate the impact of date palm compost (DPC) on the yield, growth, and quality of melon (Cucumis melo L.), compared to cattle manure (CM) and NPK mineral fertilizer. The experiment utilized was carried out in a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with four replicates per treatment, where each plot measured 0.8 m by 3 m and contained 10 melon plants. The treatments included 30 tons per hectare of DPC and CM, alongside 150 kg/ha of NPK (15-15-15) fertilizer. Results revealed that NPK fertilizer significantly enhanced vegetative growth, notably increasing leaf area and stem diameter, which indicates a strong positive effect on overall plant development. Conversely, DPC markedly improved fruit yield and positively influenced key phytochemical properties, such as total soluble solids (TSS % Brix) and juice pH, suggesting enhanced fruit quality. CM, applied at the same dose (30 t/ha), demonstrated less pronounced effects on both growth and yield compared to the other treatments. These findings highlight the potential of DPC as a valuable soil amendment, especially in arid and semi-arid regions where conventional fertilizers may be less sustainable. The results suggest that DPC offers a viable and environmentally friendly alternative to traditional chemical fertilizers, supporting both increased crop yield and improved fruit quality.
Influence of plant density and fertilizers on maize (Zea mays L.) yield in Niger
Authors: Idrissa A , Salifou Hadiza A , Bakary Hamani A
Published: February 2025

In Niger, maize (Zea mays L.) is widely consumed by the population, despite its low production in the national territory, which is linked to climatic constraints and soil. Hence, a study on the influence of plant density and fertilizers on maize yield of was carried out at the Maradi regional agricultural research center in Niger. The experimental set–up used is a split-plot with three replicates with the fertilization factor at four levels (F1: control, F2: farmyard manure applied at the rate of 5t/ha, F3: NPK fertilizer applied at the rate of 100kg/ha, F4: farmyard manure applied the rate of 5t/ha plus NPK fertilizer applied at the rate of 100kg/ha) in large plots and the sowing density factor at two levels (P1: one plant per poquet and P2: two plants per poquet) in small plots. The parameters measured are the biomass weight, the weight of cob, the weight of grains and the weight of 1000 grains. Analysis of results shows that the combination of farmyard manure applied at the rate of 5t/ha plus NPK fertilizer applied at the rate of 100kg/ha gave the highest biomass and grain yield. Analysis of results also shows that there is a significant difference between the treatments for all the parameters considered except for grain yield. Therefore, increasing plant density and application of fertilizer increases the biomass and maize grains yield, thus contributing to the achievement of food security.
Pore Pressure Predict Using Eaton Method and Sensitive Elastic Property Seismic of Overpressure Anomaly, Study Case: Poseidon Field, Browse Basin
Authors: Wahidaulhusna Sabda , Sukmawati Febrina Dyah
Published: February 2025

In the pre-development phase of oil and gas exploration, drilling new wells is crucial for maximizing hydrocarbon potential. In order to ensure safe drilling operations, it is necessary to study pore pressure for prevent kicks and, in the worst-case scenario, blowouts. The primary objective of pore pressure studies is to identify overpressure zones. This research utilizes open data from the Poseidon Field in the Browse Basin, Australia. Pore pressure estimation is conducted using sonic logs with the Eaton method, validated by mud weight data and Modular Dynamic Test (MDT) results. The Eaton method is determination by effective stress that is obtained by sonic data, hydrostatic pressure is assumed as gradient of 0.431 psi/ft, and overburden pressure that derived from density. Overpressure zones are indicated by pore pressure values that are higher than hydrostatic pressure and effective stress. Based on pore pressure calculations, top overpressure zone is identified in the Jamieson Formation. These findings are supported by rock property analysis, which reveals the accumulation of thick shale average at depths from 3500 to 3700 meters and hydrocarbon potential average at depths from 3700 to 4500 meters. Sensitivity analysis of elastic seismic properties, color-coded for pore pressure, is performed using cross-plot techniques. Analysis of Acoustic Impedance (AI) and Shear Impedance (SI) indicates that these parameters are sensitive to overpressure conditions. The cutoff value of the P-impedance parameter that overpressure occurs is below 9200 (m/s)*(gr/cc) and for S-impedance parameter, the cutoff value obtained is below 5400 (m/s)*(gr/cc). The overpressure anomaly manifests as low values in the elastic parameters of P-impedance and S-impedance. These characteristics arise because velocity is an effective function of stress. According to the Terzaghi equation, the increases of pore pressure is aligned with the decreases of effective stress, leading to the observed anomalies in the impedance values.
Modeling the Subsurface Structure Beneath Mount Lawu, Karanganyar and Magetan Regencies Based on Magnetic and Gravity Data
Authors: Brilliandi Octaviano , Bijaksana Satria , Fajar Silvia Jannatul
Published: February 2025

Indonesia is one of the countries with the most potential geothermal resources in the world. One of the mountains that is a prospective area in Java is Mount Lawu, which has an estimated resource of 195 MW and a hypothetical resource of 137 MW. Unfortunately, the data in previous study have not been thoroughly processed. In addition, the modelling carried out was limited to each method. Therefore, this research aims to reconstruct magnetic and gravity observation data and model the subsurface structure related to the location of geothermal reservoirs on Mount Lawu. The magnetic and gravity data used were obtained from the Geophysical Integrated Survey Team report of Mount Lawu in 2009. Before modeling, the gravity data was corrected again. Forward modelling was then carried out using Oasis Montaj. In this study, the susceptibility value used has a range of 000034 - 0.049 cm3/g, while the density value has a range of 1.6 - 2.82 g/cm3. The modelling is done by making three sections with the error range of the magnetic method from 11.597 - 16.712 nT and the gravity method from 1.587 - 2.95 mGal. From the modelling done, it resulted in a subsurface structure that matches the geological conditions. Geothermal reservoirs have been identified in the area around Candradimuka Fumarole at a depth of 1500 m from the surface and the rock is Jobolarangan Lava 1. It is hoped that the results of this research will be taken into consideration in determining the location of exploration wells in the Mount Lawu area so that they can be exploited as soon as possible.
Shallow Geophysical Methods for Agricultural Land Characterization: Investigating Soil Physical Parameters for Precision Farming in Ciumbuleuit
Authors: Widodo  , Salam Abdul , Azhari Na’ila Yuni , Fachrezi Fadhil Deva , Fadhillah Muhammad Raya , Nurbaity Anne
Published: February 2025

This study addresses the agricultural challenge of effectively applying fertilizer in mountainous regions, focusing on the Ciumbuleuit sub-district in Punclut, West Bandung Regency. To improve agricultural practices and optimize soil water content, Electrical Resistivity Tomography (ERT) or generally known as DC-Resistivity and Electromagnetic Induction (EMI) were employed to assess variations in electrical resistivity and conductivity near the surface. ERT data were acquired using the Wenner configuration with a 0.5 m electrode spacing, while EMI data were collected using vertical mode and horizontal mode to determine subsurface conductivity. Measurements were consistently taken along six lines within a designated rectangular area. EMI maps revealed varying depths of investigation (0.38 m, 0.75 m, and 1.5 m), indicating low resistivity levels (0.1 – 58.9 Ωm) influenced by soil conditions. Conversely, ERT profiles displayed high-resistivity spots near the surface, with values ranging from 100 to 200 Ωm, and layers of low resistivity, with values ranging from 0.1 to 58.9 Ωm. The dry surface and low water content in the soil contributed to low conductivity and high resistivity values across the area. However, at depths greater than 0.38 m, high conductivity and low resistivity were observed, indicative of mid-water content soils ranging from clay to sandy compositions. These findings suggest a need for soil hydration through water and/or fertilizer application to optimize agricultural productivity.
Indonesia’s Readiness The Principles Of “Food Sensitive Planning And Urban Design“ Into Practice (Case Study: Kalibaru Coastal Area, Jakarta)
Authors: Ningrati Annisa Sukma , Koerniawan M Donny
Published: February 2025

Indonesia is an agrarian country where most of the population works in the agricultural sector. According to the Global Food Security Index, Indonesia’s food security is ranked 63rd out of 113 countries. This is due to the community’s dependence on vehicles and difficulty accessing food resources. Additionally, there is still not enough access to healthy food that is fair for all Indonesians in all corners of the island. The climate crisis is also getting worse, forcing urban designers and researchers to examine several efforts to overcome this problem. This research aimed to look at the readiness for implementing Food Sensitive Planning and Urban Design initiated by the University of Melbourne and the National Heart Foundation. The literature study method was carried out to review some of the FSPUD principles and some examples of their implementation. Finally, readiness in areas in Indonesia was evaluated with the help of the FSPUD challenge matrix tools.
Discover inclusivity of open public spaces in gen z perspective, case study: Alun-Alun Kidul Yogyakarta
Authors: Almadina A F , Marcillia S R
Published: February 2025

Alun-alun Kidul Yogyakarta is a famous open public space as a youth destination. Teenagers explore their identity by engaging in social activities with peers or other age groups in public spaces. Young people nowadays are categorized as Gen Z as digital natives who involve gadgets in almost every activity. This condition was expected to influence their utilization of open public spaces. This paper investigates the inclusivity of open public spaces using the correlation between space utilization and perceived social affordances by Gen Z. Behavior mappings and questionnaires were carried out for data collection. Samples were selected by purposive sampling based on criteria Gen Z, visitors of Alun-alun Kidul Yogyakarta. The finding showed that Gen Z prefers doing sedentary activities in open public spaces with friends, partners, or family, especially in grassy areas suitable for gatherings or in food stalls for culinary purposes. Even though Gen Z do activities in open public spaces physically, they tend to maintain their communication virtually, whether alone, with friends, family, or partners. Therefore, an inclusive public space for Gen Z must be accessible in physical, social, and activity aspects through physical participation and information access through virtual communication.
Recent trends in the development of in vitro 3D kidney models
Authors: Gaddam Kiranmai , Chameettachal Shibu , Yeleswarapu Sriya , Duin Sarah , Lode Anja , Gelinsky Michael , Akkineni Ashwini Rahul , Pati Falguni
Published: February 2025

The kidneys are vital for maintaining bodily homeostasis and are susceptible to various diseases that disrupt their function. Traditionally, research on kidney diseases has relied on animal models and simplistic two-dimensional cell cultures, which don't fully replicate human tissue pathology. To address this, recent advances focus on developing advanced 3D biomimetic in vitro models using human-derived cells. These models mimic healthy and diseased kidney tissues with specificity, replicating key elements like glomerular and tubular structures through tissue engineering. By closely mimicking human physiology, they provide a promising platform for studying renal disorders, drug-induced nephrotoxicity, and evaluating new therapies. However, the challenges include optimizing scalability, reproducibility, and long-term stability to enhance reliability in research and clinical applications. This review highlights the transformative potential of 3D biomimetic in vitro kidney models in advancing biomedical research and clinical applications. By focusing on human-specific cell cultures and tissue engineering techniques, these models aim to overcome the limitations of conventional animal models and simplistic 2D cell cultures. The review discusses in detail the various types of biomimetic kidney models currently under development, their specific applications, and the innovative approaches used to construct them. It also addresses the challenges and limitations associated with these models for their widespread adoption and reliability in research settings.
Quantum dots – polymer films as the reversible luminescent wide range temperature sensors
Authors: Sagdeev Dmitriy O. , Galyametdinov Yuriy
Published: February 2025

The paper considers the temperature sensitivity of luminescence of three polymer types films: polymethyl methacrylate, polystyrene and polylactide doped with core-shell CdSe/CdS/ZnS and Cd0.9Mn0.1S/ZnS quantum dots. Films with uniform distribution of quantum dots in the polymer matrix were obtained by the spin-coating method. The influence of the quantum dots and polymer type, as well as their mutual content in the composite, on the thermal sensitivity and thermal stability of the films is considered. The thermal stability of the obtained composites was studied during multiple heating-cooling cycles to 100 and 175 °C, and the conditions for obtaining reusable reversible luminescent thermal sensors were established.
Two-way Detection of Tuberculosis Bacilli using Fano resonance sensor and Machine Learning Algorithms
Authors: Singh Pooja , Singh Lokendra , Yadav Sameer , Shekhar Sudhanshu , Bhalerao Siddharth , Rai Preeti , Pareek Prakash , Suri Ajay
Published: February 2025

A serious worldwide health concern, tuberculosis (TB) necessitates creative methods for quick and precise diagnosis. This paper presents the detection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (mTB) using a two-way approach utilizing refractive index (RI) sensors and machine learning (ML) techniques. The approach is validated by adopting a Fano resonance (FR) sensor which consists of freshly prepared cerium oxide nanostructures (CNS) covered sensing slots. The CNS is prepared by using combustion technique and characterized through transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The RI values sensed through the sensor yield a high sensitivity and autocorrelation coefficient of 163 nm/RIU and R^2=92.37 %, respectively. The microscopic sputum smear examination is used to detect mTB through five different ML classifiers. Among all, the random forest classifier provides the highest accuracy of 96%. According to preliminary findings, the suggested system provides a quick, affordable, and non-invasive diagnostic option with excellent accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity. The approach addresses important TB diagnostic problems and is more suitable for low-resource environments. This hybrid strategy can transform TB detection, enhance patient outcomes, and support TB control initiatives.
US ploughs $50m into sodium-ion battery development
Authors: Banks Michael
Published: February 2025

The US Department of Energy has awarded $50m to a consortium of national laboratories and universities to develop sodium-ion batteries as a sustainable, low-cost alternative to lithium-ion technology.
Graphene Hall effect explained
Authors: Dumé Isabelle
Published: February 2025

A topological flat band may account for the fractional quantum anomalous Hall effect that has recently been observed in pentalayer moiré graphene, as Isabelle Dumé reports.
Lens breakthrough paves the way for ultrathin cameras
Authors: Williams Abigail
Published: February 2025

Researchers from Korea and the US have pioneered an innovative metasurface-based folded-lens system that could lead to a new generation of slimline cameras for use in smartphones and augmented/virtual reality devices.
Business marvels
Authors: McKenzie James
Published: February 2025

James McKenzie takes a first look at some of the innovative companies to have scooped the latest round of business awards from the Institute of Physics.
Bringing pride to physics
Authors: Peck Artemis , Sadler Wendy
Published: February 2025

Artemis Peck and Wendy Sadler explain that we need more initiatives to make sure queer people feel comfortable and welcome in science.
Setting the scale
Authors: Tierney Tom
Published: February 2025

Tom Tierney reviews Celsius: a Life and Death by Degrees by Ian Hembrow.
Data-driven robust transmission expansion planning against rising temperatures*
Authors: Kyle Skolfield J , Alnakhli Ahmad , Alawad Ali , Escobedo Adolfo R , Dehghanian Payman
Published: February 2025

The evidence of ongoing rising temperatures has been accumulating for years. It is, therefore, essential to utilize recent climate data to inform future investment decisions. Perhaps nowhere is this more important than in improving the aging power grid infrastructure. This work presents a novel data-driven robust optimization approach to guide transmission expansion planning and transmission capacity expansion planning decisions focused on mitigating the effects of globally and regionally rising temperatures. The proposed methodology is tested on a large-scale realistic test case of the power transmission grid in Arizona, and two classes of valid inequality are used to accelerate the computation time. The effects of temperature are modeled at a regional level in the feastured test case using a k-means clustering method. Results demonstrate that more accurate regional temperature modeling results in more focused investment plans.
Introduction
Authors: Gaskin Richard
Published: February 2025

The Introduction summarizes the chapters in the collection and provides a general discussion of linguistic idealism using Anscombe’s article ‘The Question of Linguistic Idealism’ as a springboard. Anscombe discusses whether the later Wittgenstein was a linguistic idealist and she shows that in some respects he was, for instance in his insistence that the application of a concept to a particular instance is inseparable from the activity of following a linguistic rule. She tries to combine this point, however, with a form of realism which is unWittgensteinian and only dubiously coherent. The Introduction also briefly considers respects in which the early Wittgenstein, too, was a linguistic idealist. Wittgenstein, however, was not consistently a linguistic idealist, and ways in which he resiles from that doctrine are examined. It is argued that his recidivism was a mistake. The chapter concludes with a general argument, based on the nature of complexity and functionality, that the world is transcendentally dependent for its existence and general constitution on language.
World and Truth in Conflict
Authors: Collins John
Published: February 2025

The chapter concerns a version of (thin) linguistic idealism under which questions of ontology or what exists are ultimately derivable from semantic categories of truth and reference. The traditional notion of ontological commitment is a paradigm of this thesis, where to be is to be a semantic value. The chapter challenges this position with the phenomenon of copredication, whereby a single non-ambiguous nominal can take predicates that appear to divide the reference of the nominal in such a way that we should reject there being anything with such a combination of properties. In light of discussion of a range of responses to the challenge, the chapter concludes that we have a robust conception of what there is or could be independent of semantic values.
The Forgotten Constitution
Authors: Fitzsimmons Michael P
Published: February 2025

Although little known outside of France, the French Constitution of 1791 is the progenitor of the movement toward constitutionalism in Europe and the world. The constitution developed out of an increasing fear of royal despotism during the eighteenth century that culminated with the calling of an Estates General in 1789. The transformation of the Estates General into the National Assembly in June 1789 and the declaration by the Assembly three days later that it would not disband until it had given France a constitution ultimately led to the proclamation of the Constitution of 1791 in September 1791. The conquests of the Revolution and the Empire carried the constitutional ideal across Europe from Madrid to Warsaw. After Bonaparte’s final defeat in 1815, the European powers sought to stamp out constitutionalism, but it burst forth again in the Revolutions of 1848. The Constitution of 1791, with its conferral of legal equality and civil rights on all citizens, as well as its critical role in the concept of human rights, was an exemplar in a way that its better-known contemporary, the United States Constitution, with its acceptance and institutionalization of slavery, could not be. Furthermore, the Constitution of 1791—and the French Revolution—legitimized the right to change, which has continued to inspire down to the present. To understand the Constitution of 1791 is central to an understanding of the French Revolution.
Conclusion
Authors: Fitzsimmons Michael P
Published: February 2025

The promulgation of the Constitution of 1791 ended nearly two centuries of monarchy-centered government in France and set the standard for constitutionalism by making a constitution a compact between monarch and people. Moreover, at a time when the United States Constitution accepted and institutionalized slavery, making it a weapon of control, the Constitution of 1791 conferred civil and natural rights on all citizens, making it an instrument of liberation and rights. In addition to endowing citizens with civil and natural rights, the Constitution of 1791 also created the broadest franchise in Europe, the Atlantic world, and perhaps the entire world, replacing the factional Court politics of monarchy-centered government with participatory citizen politics. Despite its legacy of leading the way on fundamental values of the modern world, the Constitution of 1791 has received little acknowledgment or recognition outside of France. The Constitution of 1791 inspired constitutionalism on a global scale, becoming the aspirational model for Europe and the world. In addition, with its enumeration in its preamble of the principles and institutions that had been repudiated, the Constitution of 1791—and the French Revolution—were a proclamation of the right to change. The legitimation of that right has continued to inspire down to the present.
Everyday Changes
Authors: Bruskin Signe
Published: February 2025

Everyday changes are changes in the employee’s work activities and daily rhythm. These micro changes typically look like banalities and are mundane in nature but are crucial for employees’ well-being and engagement at work. It is a subjective experience whether the everyday change is perceived as radical. Thus, it differs from employee to employee. Typically the everyday changes will occur in continuation of the strategic change. This creates the potential to work proactively with micro changes. Initiating and experimenting with micro action might be a way to accommodate the continuous flow of micro changes.
Routine Changes
Authors: Bruskin Signe
Published: February 2025

Routine dynamics underlies that organizational routines are fluid and continuously changing. Routines and processes are essential in organizations as they ensure tasks are done effectively and almost automatically. Changes in routine interrupt this, making them radical to the employee, even though they are minor to the organization. These can be changes in an organizational routine or process, such as a new information technology system, changed pace, and so forth. Hence, this chapter illustrates how organizational changes can be radical without being episodic or exceptional. The shift in focus from strategic to micro changes makes everyone in the organization a change agent able to shape and experiment with micro changes.