bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Role of Acetic Acid on Morphology, Structure, Optical Properties, and Photocatalytic Activity of TiO2 Obtained by Sol-Gel
Authors: Estrada-Flores Sofía , Flores-Guia Tirso E. , Pérez-Berumen Catalina M. , García-Cerda Luis A. , Robledo-Cabrera Aurora , Aguilera-González Elsa N. , Martínez-Luévanos Antonia
Published: February 2025

Titanium oxide (TiO2) is of great interest for the manufacture of solar cells, hydrogen production and for the photodegradation of organic compounds. The synthesis variables, as well as the type of method, affect the morphology, texture, crystalline structure, phase mixtures of TiO2, and in turn, these affect the optical and catalytic properties of TiO2. In this work, the role of acetic acid as a catalyst and chelating agent on morphology, texture, crystal structure, optical properties, and photocatalytic activiy of TiO2 samples obtained by sol gel method assisted with sodium dodecyl sulfate as template was investigated. The results obtained indicated that acetic acid, in addition to catalyzing the hydrolysis of the TiO2 precursor, acts as a chelating agent causing the decrease of the crystallite size from 18.643 nm (T6 sample, pH=6.8, without addition of acetic acid) to 16.536 nm (T2 sample, pH=2). At pH values of 2 and 3, only the anatase phase is formed (T2 and T3 samples), whereas at pH values 5 and 6.8, in addition to the anatase phase, 11.4% and 15.61% of the brookite phase is formed (T5 and T6 samples, respectively). The band gap of TiO2 decreased with the decrease of the pH used in its synthesis. Although T2 sample has the highest values ​​of specific surface area and pore volume (232.02 m2g-1 and 0.46 gcm-3, respectively), sample T3 had better efficiency in methylene blue dye photodegradation.
Fluoride Removal by SAT Process in Water Using Sunflower Oil as a Sustainable Alternative to n-heptane
Authors: González-Zamora Alfredo , Alarcón-Herrera María Teresa , Rojas-Montes Jaime Cristóbal , Rodríguez-Rosales María Dolores Josefina , Alcázar-Medina Félix Alonso
Published: February 2025

Fluoride contamination in water sources presents critical public health challenges, particularly in regions where groundwater exhibits elevated fluoride levels. Chronic exposure can result in dental and skeletal fluorosis, necessitating efficient and sustainable remediation strategies. This study investigates the Spherical Agglomeration Technique (SAT) as an alternative fluoride removal method, assessing the performance of sunflower oil versus n-heptane as humectants and evaluating the synergistic effects of Agave durangensis leaf extract. A factorial experimental design optimized dosage parameters in aqueous models and well water samples, ensuring reliable fluoride removal. Sunflower oil significantly outperformed n-heptane, achieving fluoride removal efficiencies of up to 95.19% under optimal conditions (5 mL Hum/g TMC at pH 6.5). Incorporating A. durangensis extract sustained high fluoride removal while reducing the required extract dosage to 0.5 g Extr/g TMC. When applied to well water samples, SAT consistently maintained an 88.9% fluoride removal efficiency. Compared to conventional methods such as coagulation-flocculation and adsorption, SAT demonstrated enhanced effectiveness with a lower environmental foot-print. These findings reinforce the viability of sunflower oil and A. durangensis extract as eco-friendly alternatives to n-heptane, positioning SAT as a scalable, cost-effective solution for large-scale fluoride remediation.
Effect of Annealing Conditions of High-Energy Ball-Milled Sm(Fe, CO, Ti)12 Alloys Doped with Zr on Microstructure and Magnetic Properties
Authors: Gjoka Margarit , Sarafidis Charalampos , Niarchos Dimitrios , Hadjipanayis George
Published: February 2025

The tetragonal R1-xZrx (FeCo)11Ti alloys, where R is a rare earth and T is a transition metal, are promising candidates for permanent magnets. Sm1-xZrx(Fe0.8Co0.2)12-yTiy (x=0 and 0.25; y=1 and 0.7) master alloys were prepared by arc-melting under argon atmosphere. The two samples with an atomic amount of Ti equal to 1 are almost single-phase 1:12 compounds with a small amount of a-Fe(Co), while after the replacement of Sm with Zr a third phase of the TbCu7 type appeared in the other two samples. The as-cast ingots were milled using high-energy ball milling (HEBM) for different times in an argon atmosphere then annealed at 973K-1173K at different interval times (15-90 min. After annealing, the sample milled for 4 h contains a large variation of grain size from 2-4 μ to 20 μ or larger. While the others sample milled for 8 h, after annealing exhibits grains size in the range of 2-6 μ, therefore their coercivity is higher, reaching a maximum value of 5.5 kOe for SmFe9Co2Ti annealed at 1123K for 60 min. Coercivity was strongly affected by the annealing temperature and time. The microstructure evolution with emphasis on the particles size during annealing and their correlation with coercivity will be discussed.
Malnutrition in children with cystic fibrosis and new therapeutic possibilities
Authors:   Bochkov Research Centre for Medical Genetics, Moscow, Russian Federation, Kondratyeva E.I. ,   Research Clinical Institute of Childhood, Mytishchi, Russian Federation, Maksimycheva T.Yu. ,   Bochkov Research Centre for Medical Genetics, Moscow, Russian Federation,   Research Clinical Institute of Childhood, Mytishchi, Russian Federation,   Russian Medical Academy of Continuous Professional Education, Moscow, Russian Federation
Published: February 2025

This article considers the etiology and pathogenesis of malnutrition in patients with cystic fibrosis and the possibilities of its correction at present, in particular, the debated issues of the optimal amount of protein in the diet of patients with cystic fibrosis and protein supplementation using a modular protein formula (whey protein isolate).
Key words: cystic fibrosis, enteral nutrition, children, intestinal syndrome, protein module, whey protein, protein requirement
Beckwith–Wiedemann syndrome in the practice of neonatologist and pediatric surgeon
Authors:   N.I.Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow, Russian Federation, Mushcherova D.M. , Sarkisyan H.A. ,   N.I.Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow, Russian Federation, Shumilov P.V. ,   N.I.Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow, Russian Federation, Vorona L.D. ,   N.I.Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow, Russian Federation,   V.F.Voyno-Yasenetsky Scientific and Practical Center of Specialized Medical Care for Children, Moscow, Russian Federation, Khokhlova A.P. ,   N.I.Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow, Russian Federation, Levchenko L.A. ,   N.I.Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow, Russian Federation, Cherkasova S.V. ,   N.I.Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow, Russian Federation, Ilyushkina A.S. ,   N.I.Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow, Russian Federation, Ishutina Yu.L. ,   N.I.Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow, Russian Federation, Suleymanov A.B. ,   N.I.Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow, Russian Federation,   V.F.Voyno-Yasenetsky Scientific and Practical Center of Specialized Medical Care for Children, Moscow, Russian Federation, Krapivkin A.I. ,   N.I.Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow, Russian Federation,   V.F.Voyno-Yasenetsky Scientific and Practical Center of Specialized Medical Care for Children, Moscow, Russian Federation
Published: February 2025

Beckwith–Wiedemann syndrome is the most frequent congenital anomaly (1 in 13,700 live births worldwide) manifested by overgrowth at the early stages of development. The syndrome is characterized by a complex type of inheritance and is due to a number of different genetic causes and epigenetic changes leading to impaired transcription of growth regulatory genes located on the short arm of chromosome 11. The clinical presentation varies widely, but the main diagnostic criteria include macrosomia, macroglossia, anterior abdominal wall defects, visceromegaly, and unusual facial features (hypoplasia of the middle third, hemangioma of the forehead skin, creases in the earlobe). The danger of the pathology lies in possible complications, including neonatal hypoglycemia and a high incidence of fetal tumors, which determines the need for early diagnosis of the syndrome and further long-term follow-up of a child. This article presents a rare clinical case of Beckwith–Wiedemann syndrome in a newborn with persistent hypoglycemia who underwent a unique surgery to correct macroglossia.
Key words: macroglossia, macrosomia, neonatal hypoglycemia, omphalocele, Beckwith–Wiedemann syndrome, overgrowth syndromes, partial glossectomy
Disadvantages and further development of medical care for urolithiasis in the assessments of urologists.
Authors:   FGBOU VO «First Saint-Petersburg medical university named after I. P. Pavlov» of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Mosiychuk O. M. , Klyukovkin K. S. ,   FGBOU VO «First Saint-Petersburg medical university named after I. P. Pavlov» of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Kochorova L. V. ,   FGBOU VO «First Saint-Petersburg medical university named after I. P. Pavlov» of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Bulia M. Z. ,   FGBVOU VO «VMA named after S.M. Kirov» of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation
Published: February 2025

Prevention of the development of complications of urolithiasis is based on the organization of affordable and high-quality medical care, active dynamic monitoring of patients at the outpatient stage. To develop solutions to optimize these processes, it is advisable to rely on the professional opinion of urologists, and therefore their questionnaires on these issues were conducted.
Purpose: based on the analysis of the opinion of urologists, to identify problematic aspects of the organization of medical care for urolithiasis.
Methods. In 2024, an analysis of the professional opinion of 172 urologists of polyclinics and hospitals on the current organization and improvement of medical care for urolithiasis was conducted in St. Petersburg. The analysis of the obtained data was carried out using the StatSoft STATISTICA 6.1.478 Russian software package.
Results. Urologists pointed out the shortcomings of the organization of primary health care, which was estimated at 3.4 ± 0.4 points according to a five-point system. There was an untimely passage of preventive examinations by patients (89.4 per 100 respondents), non-compliance with doctor’s recommendations (52.0 per 100 respondents). There are restrictions on the quality and accessibility of medical care, including due to the low availability of urologists in polyclinics (45.9 per 100 respondents) and their availability of diagnostic equipment (39.6 per 100 respondents). It was confirmed that dispensary monitoring should be carried out with the participation of an urologist (93.5% of respondents), while it is advisable to train doctors of other specialties in diagnosis, treatment and prevention, including metaphylaxis of urolithiasis (49.8% of respondents).
Conclusion. The survey of urologists made it possible to identify the main problems in the organization of medical care for urolithiasis and to form a further vector for its optimization, including the introduction of a multidisciplinary approach to dispensary monitoring of patients,
the expansion of the use of metaphylaxis in the implementation of preventive programs.
National and Regional Convergence Outcomes of The Global Financial Crisis (2008): The Case of Türkiye and the EU
Authors: Diler Ömer , Bayraktutan Yusuf
Published: February 2025

According to the convergence hypothesis, units (country, region, sector, etc.) with relatively lower incomes would converge to those with higher incomes. Reducing regional development disparities has been a key priority of European integration. Before full membership, candidate countries are expected to converge as much as possible to the EU average in terms of certain economic indicators. Financial crisis affects the differences in the level of income between regions and countries. The global crisis, which started in the USA and spread to the EU and the world as of 2007, was effective on national and regional scales; produced results worth discussing in the context of convergence. In the study, the convergence relationship between Türkiye and the EU member countries and their selected regions during the global financial crisis is investigated to see whether the global financial crisis is an opportunity for convergence in the relatively low-income level-2 regions. 81 regions of the EU and Türkiye for the period of 2004 - 2017 is used. Findings indicate that, Türkiye converged to the EU during the crisis. 26 regions converged positively and 18 negatively; 21 diverged positively and 11 negatively; there was no significant change in the relative position of 5 regions.
Analisis Strategi Pembelajaran Bahasa Arab di SMP Muhammadiyah Darul Arqom Karanganyar
Authors: Rachmawati Fatkur , Nurul Latifatul Inayati
Published: February 2025

This study aims to analyze the strategies used in Arabic language learning at SMP Muhammadiyah Darul Arqom Karanganyar. The determination of Arabic language learning strategies is adjusted to the language skills to be learned and also involves the activeness of students and conditions for a pleasant learning atmosphere. This study uses a field-based descriptive qualitative approach. Data collection methods include interviews, observations, and documentation. Then the data is analyzed through qualitative interactive analysis techniques from Miles and Huberman, which consist of data reduction, data presentation, and drawing conclusions. This study shows that the strategies in learning at SMP Muhammadiyah Darul Arqom Karanganyar are quite diverse, including communicative methods, vocabulary comprehension, eclectic methods, and study groups. Among the supporting factors are the school environment that is accustomed to hearing Arabic, and the inhibiting factors are the different educational backgrounds of students.
Abstrak
Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis strategi yang digunakan dalam pembelajaran bahasa Arab di SMP Muhammadiyah Darul Arqom Karanganyar. Penentuan strategi pembelajaran bahasa Arab disesuaikan dengan kemahiran kebahasaan yang akan dipelajari dan juga melibatkan keaktifan peserta didik serta mengkondisikan suasana pembelajaran yang menyenangkan. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif deskriptif berbasis lapangan. Metode pengumpulan data menggunakan wawancara, oservasi, dan dokumentasi. Kemudian data dianalis melalui teknik analisis interaktif kualitatif dari Miles dan Huberman yang terdiri dari: reduksi data, penyajian data dan penarikan kesimpulan. Temuan penelitian menunjukkan bahwa strategi dalam pembelajaran di SMP Muhammadiyah Darul Arqom Karanganyar meliputi: strategi komunikatif, pemahaman kosakata, metode elektik, dan kelompok belajar. Di antara faktor pendukungnya adalah dari lingungan sekolah yang membiasakan untuk mendengar baasa Arab, dan faktor penghambatnya ialah latar belakang pendidikan peserta didik yang berbeda.
Ashl al-Lughat wa Maahiyyatuhaa: Diraasat Muqaaranat li al-Aara' wa al-Hujaj
Authors: Zemoura Nawal
Published: February 2025

تهدف هذه الدراسة إلى رد الاعتبار لمجهودات العلماء المسلمين بخصوص هذا الموضوع، وأيضا الرد على بعض آراء الحداثيين الذين يدعون بأن موضوع "أصل اللغة وماهيتها" يعتبر من المواضيع الميتافيزيقية العقيمة التي لا جدوى من البحث فيها. تناقش هذه الورقة موضوع نشأة اللغة، الذي يعتبر من أهم المواضيع التي تناولها الباحثون قديما وحديثا وغاصوا في دراستها نقدا، وتحليلا، وتأصيلا من أجل بيان أصل اللغة وماهيتها. ولقد اعتمدت الباحثة على المنهج المقارن من أجل التأصيل والتحليل في هذه المسألة. إما مصدر البيانات الأساسية هو من كتب أصل اللغة من اللغويين العرب، وتأتي مصادر البيانات الثانوية من الكتب والمقالات الصحفية والمصادر العلمية الأخرى المتعلقة بموضوع هذا البحث، بينما يتم استخدام الطريقة المقارنة لوضع هذه القضية في سياقها وتحليلها. ونتائج هذا البحث تدل على أن هناك بروز رأيين بارزين حول ماهية اللغة وأصلها. ففريق يرى بأن اللغة توقيف إلهي، بينما يرى الفريق الآخر بأن اللغة إلهام بشري من صنع البشر. فهذا البحث إذن ما هو إلا محاولة لكشف الغطاء على هذا الموضوع ومحاولة إحيائه من جديد، وذلك من خلال التعريج على هذه الآراء مع سياق أدلتها، والتي بدورها سوف تستعمل كحجة لإبطال مزاعم بعض الحداثيين الذين يحاولون إما إقصاء هذا المبحث المهم من فقه اللغة أو السخرية من مجهودات العلماء المسلمين المتقدمين بخصوص هذا الموضوع
Abstract
This study aims to revive this topic again and also respond to some modernists who claim that the topic of "the origin and nature of language" is a metaphysical and unproductive subject. This paper discusses the topic of the genesis of language, which is considered one of the most important subjects dealt with by past and present researchers. They indulge into its study with criticism, analysis, and authentication in order to clarify the origin and nature of language. This research includes comparative descriptive qualitative research with the type of literature study. The primary data source is a book on the origin of language from Arabic linguists and secondary data sources come from books, journal articles and other scientific sources related to the theme of this research, while the comparative method used to contextualize and analyze this issue. This research resulted in the emergence of two prominent opinions about the nature of language and its origin. One group believes that language is a divine creation, while the other group considers language as a human inspiration. So, this research is an attempt to uncover this topic and try to revive it again, by going through these opinions with the context of their evidence, which in turn will be used as an argument to invalidate the claims of some modernists who are trying to either exclude this important topic from philology or ridicule the efforts of advanced Muslim scholars on this subject
Analisis Kesalahan Pelafalan Huruf Hijaiyah Siswa Kelas VII Mts Al-Wasliyah Sigambal
Authors: Nurshafnita Puput , Zainuddin Darwin
Published: February 2025

Tujuan dari penelitian ini yaitu untuk mengidentifikasi bentuk-bentuk kesalahan pelafalan huruf hijaiyah pada siswa kelas VII MTs Al-Wasliyah Sigambal serta factor yang melatarbelakanginya. Pendekatan dalam penelitian ini adalah kualitatif deskriptif dengan jenis studi lapangan. Data pada penelitian ini adalah hasil rekaman audiovisual siswa saat membaca mufradat mengenai isim dan fi’il dalam bahasa Arab. Sumber data pada penelitian ini adalah siswa kelas VII-3 MTs Al-Wasliyah Sigambal dengan jumlah  29 siswa, dan dipilih dengan sampel acak sederhana (simple random sampling). Adapun teknik pengumpulan data menggunakan teknik simak, wawancara dan observasi, sedangkan teknik analisis data menggunakan enam tahapan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa diketahui bahwa jumlah kesalahan pada pelafalan huruf hijaiyah mencapai sebesar 70% berupa kesalahan berubahnya pelafalan huruf konsonan menjadi huruf lain seperti perubahan huruf ص menjadi huruf س, huruf خ menjadi huruf غ, huruf ح menjadi ك, Perubahan huruf ح menjadi ه, huruf خ menjadi /ko/, huruf ق menjadi huruf ك, Perubahan huruf ذ menjadi ز, Perubahan huruf عmenjadi ݞ, huruf غ menjadi ݞ, huruf ث, ش  menjadi huruf س, bunyi huruf ق  menjadi huruf ك, huruf ح menjadi huruf ه, huruf  ظ  menjadi ض.  Sedangkan fatktor penyebab kesalahan tersebut di antaranya adalah: Faktor kebiasaan dari lingkungan, Pengaruh bahasa pertama berupa dialek Jawa, dan kesulitan mengidentifikasi letak artikulasi.
Abstract
This research aims to identify the forms of mispronunciation of hijaiyah letters in class VII students of MTs Al-Wasliyah Sigambal and the factors behind them. The approach in this study is descriptive qualitative with a type of field study. The data in this study are the results of students' audiovisual recordings while reading mufradat regarding ism and final in Arabic. The data source in this study were students of class VII-3 MTs Al-Wasliyah Sigambal with a total of 29 students and was selected by simple random sampling. The data collection technique uses observation, interview, and observation techniques, while the data analysis technique uses six stages. The results showed that it was known that the number of errors in the pronunciation of hijaiyah letters reached 70% in the form of errors in changing the pronunciation of consonant letters to other letters, such as changing the letters ص to letters س, letters خ to letters غ, letters ح to ك, changes to letters ح to ه, the letter خ becomes /ko/, the letter ق becomes the letter ك, the letter changes ذ to ز, the letter ع changes to Ż, the letter غ becomes ŝ, the letter ث, ش becomes the letter س, the sound of the letter ق becomes the letter ك, the letter ح becomes the letter ه, the letter ظ becomes ض. Meanwhile, the factors causing the error include Habits from the environment, the influence of the first language in the form of a Javanese dialect, and difficulty identifying the articulation location.
Kata Serapan Bahasa Arab Pada Teks Pidato Kenegaraan Presiden RI
Authors: Fahmi Alif Anharul , Nashihah Durrotun , Muthoharoh Imroatul , Mustofa Syaiful
Published: February 2025

The vocabulary of the Indonesian language has absorbed many words from foreign languages, one of which is Arabic. This vocabulary is spread across various aspects of Indonesian society. This research aims to understand the absorption of Arabic vocabulary into the Indonesian language in the state speeches of the President of the Republic of Indonesia, Ir. Joko Widodo, during the annual session of the People's Consultative Assembly (MPR). The researcher employs a qualitative approach with a content analysis methodology. Data collection involves the use of documents, with the primary data source being the state speeches of the President of RI during the annual MPR sessions from 2020 to 2023. Data analysis follows Miles and Huberman's theory, including data presentation, data reduction, and drawing conclusions. Data validation is conducted through triangulation. The research findings indicate that the absorption of Arabic vocabulary into the Indonesian language in the state speeches of President RI Ir. Joko Widodo during the annual MPR sessions from 2020 to 2023 includes 79 loanwords. These consist of 22 words with similar sounds, 21 words with dissimilation, 6 words with metathesis, 1 word with diphthongization, and 15 words with anaptyxis. Meanwhile, zeroization includes 15 words, comprising 6 words with apheresis, 5 words with syncope, and 4 words with apocope.
Abstrak
Kosakata bahasa Indonesia banyak menyerap dari bahasa asing, salah satunya adalah bahasa Arab. Kosakata tersebut tersebar di seluruh aspek kehidupan masayarakat Indonesia. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui penyerapan kosakata bahasa Arab menjadi bahasa Indonesia pada pidato kenegaraan Presiden Republik Indonesia Ir. Joko Widodo dalam sidang tahunan MPR. Peneliti menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan metode analisis konten. Teknik pengumpulan data menggunakan dokumen. Sumber data penelitian ini berupa teks pidato kenegaraan Presiden RI dalam sidang tahunan MPR pada tahun 2020-2023. Analisis data penelitian menggunakan teori Miles dan Huberman yaitu penyajian data, reduksi data, dan penarikan kesimpulan. Validasi data menggunakan triangulasi. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa penyerapan kosakata bahasa Arab menjadi bahasa Indonesia pada teks pidato kenegaraan Presiden RI Ir. Joko Widodo dalam sidang tahunan MPR pada tahun 2020-2023 terdapat 79 kata serapan. Yaitu meliputi 22 kata serapan dengan bunyi yang sama, 21 kata desimilasi, 6 kata metatesis, 1 kata diftongisasi, dan 15 kata anaptiksis. Sedangkan pada zeroisasi terdapat 15 kata, dengan rincian 6 kata apheresis, 5 kata sinkop, dan 4 kata apokop.
Analisis Konten Soal Penilaian Akhir Tahun Mata Pelajaran Bahasa Arab Madrasah Tsanawiyah
Authors: Al-Ghifari Alwi Nizar , Nuzula Firdausi , Ahmad Habibah
Published: February 2025

This research aims to analyze the content of the End of Year Assessment (PAT) questions at the Madrasah Tsanawiyah (MTs) Class 8 level created by the Ciamis Regency Arabic Language MGMP for the 2020/2021 academic year as an effort to improve and develop the content of the questions. This research is a descriptive qualitative type of research, with document review as a data collection technique; then, the data obtained will be analyzed using a content analysis method that focuses on cultural aspects, thought patterns, vocabulary, terminology and structure. The results of the research show that The content of the PAT questions at the 8th-grade MTs level created by the Ciamis Regency Arabic Language MGMP for the 2020/2021 academic year, consisting of 40 multiple choice questions and 5 essay questions, contains the five aspects of culture, thought patterns, vocabulary, terminology and structure. Researchers found 36 culture questions, 23 mindset questions, 13 vocabulary questions, 8 terminology questions, and 22 structure questions.
Asbtrak
Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk menganalisis konten pada soal Penilaian Akhir Tahun (PAT) tingkat Madrasah Tsanawiyah (MTs) Kelas 8 yang dibuat oleh MGMP Bahasa Arab Kabupaten Ciamis tahun ajaran 2020/2021 sebagai upaya perbaikan dan pengembangan konten soal tersebut. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian jenis kualitatif deskriptif, dengan telaah dokumen sebagai teknik pengumpulan datanya, kemudian data yang diperoleh akan dianalisis dengan metode analisis konten yang berfokus pada aspek budaya, pola pikir, kosakata, terminologi dan struktur. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa: Konten soal PAT tingkat MTs kelas 8 yang dibuat oleh MGMP Bahasa Arab Kabupaten Ciamis tahun ajaran 2020/2021 yang terdiri dari 40 soal pilihan ganda dan 5 soal esai, memuat kelima aspek budaya, pola pikir, kosakata, terminologi dan struktur. Peneliti menemukan bahwa soal budaya berjumlah 36, soal pola pikir berjumlah 23, soal kosakata berjumlah 13, soal terminologi berjumlah 8, dan soal struktur berjumlah 22.
Diqqatu Tarjamat Nushush al-Akhbaar al-'Arabiyyat Ilaa al-Induuniisiyyat Bistikhdaami Bing Translator
Authors: Hasanah Ummi , Zawawi Moh
Published: February 2025

Nowadays, sophisticated technology makes it easier for humans to do their work. Like Bing Translator, it is a translation machine that is popular with many people. Makes it easy for humans to translate documents into any language. However, we need to know that the accuracy of machine translation results and human translation results are very different. Therefore, the aims of this research are to analyze the results of accurate, less accurate and inaccurate translations of Arabic news texts on the Arabiya News site using Bing Translator. Data comes from 3 paragraphs of Arabic news text with the themes of health, politics and economics. This research is a qualitative descriptive research. Data collection techniques use reading and note-taking techniques. Meanwhile, the data analysis technique uses the Miles and Huberman model, namely data reduction, data display, and drawing conclusions. Based on 16 data obtained from 4 health news text data, 10 political news text data, and 4 economic news text data, it can be concluded that there are 5 accurate data, 9 less accurate data, and 4 inaccurate data.
الملخص
في الوقت الحاضر، تسهل التكنولوجيا المتطورة على البشر القيام بعملهم. مثل وجود Bing Translator، فهي آلة ترجمة تحظى بشعبية كبيرة لدى الكثير من الأشخاص. يجعل من السهل على البشر ترجمة المستندات إلى أي لغة. ومع ذلك، علينا أن نعرف أن دقة نتائج الترجمة الآلية ونتائج الترجمة البشرية مختلفان تمامًا. ولذلك فإن أهداف هذا البحث هي  تحليل نتائج الترجمات الدقيقة وأقل دقة وغير الدقيقة  للنصوص الإخبارية العربية على موقع العربية الإخبارية باستخدام Bing Translator. تأتي البيانات من 3 فقرات من النص الإخباري العربي مع موضوعات الصحة والسياسة والاقتصاد. هذا البحث هو بحث وصفي نوعي. تستخدم تقنيات جمع البيانات تقنيات القراءة وتدوين الملاحظات. وفي الوقت نفسه، تستخدم تقنية تحليل البيانات نموذج مايلز وهوبرمان، أي تقليل البيانات، وعرض البيانات، واستخلاص النتائج. بناءً على ستة عشر بيانات تم الحصول عليها من أربع بيانات نصية لأخبار صحية، وعشر بيانات نصية لأخبار سياسية، و أربع بيانات نصية لأخبار اقتصادية، يمكن استنتاج أن هناك خمس بيانات دقيقة، وتسع بيانات أقل دقة، وأربع بيانات غير دقيقة
The Use of Kahoot! As an Arabic Teaching Media for Senior High School Students
Authors: Nur Ifa Rodifah , Allafiony Bachar , Rizqia Ana Sabila
Published: February 2025

This study aims to determine the effectiveness of Kahoot teaching media in enhancing interest in learning the Arabic language among eleventh-grade students at Senior High School 1 Ngawi, East Java. The study utilized quantitative research methods with a quasi-experimental research design. The data for this research were collected from eleventh-grade students. The data collection involved interviews with teachers and respondents, as well as the distribution of questionnaires before and after using Kahoot for learning. Descriptive statistics and the Likert scale were employed for data analysis, along with hypothesis testing in the form of a t-test. The research results indicate that the use of Kahoot teaching media is effective in promoting interest in the Arabic language subject among eleventh-grade religious students at Senior High School 1 Ngawi. This is supported by the Independent Sample T-Test results, which show that the mean value of the experimental class (58.50) is greater than that of the control class (53.50), with a significance value (2-tailed) of 0.038, which is less than 0.05. Therefore, the null hypothesis (Ho) was rejected and the alternative hypothesis (Ha) was accepted.
تهدف هذه الدراسة إلى الكشف عن فعالية وسائل التعليم كاهوت في اهتمام التعلم اللغة العربية لدى طلاب الصف الحادي عشر المدرسة الثانوية 1 نجاوي جاوة الشرقية. استخدمت هذه الدراسة أساليب البحث الكمي مع تصميم البحث شبه التجريبي. مصدر البيانات في هذا البحث كان طلاب الصف الحادي عشر. تم جمع البيانات من خلال مقابلات مع المعلمين والمستجيبين وباستخدام استبيان تم توزيعه على المستجيبين قبل وبعد التعلم باستخدام الكاهوت. وتحليل البيانات المستخدمة هو الإحصاء الوصفي ومقياس ليكرت مع اختبار الفرضيات على شكل اختبار t. تدل نتائج البحث على أن استخدام وسائل التعليم كاهوت فعال لترقية اهتمام التعلم في مادة اللغة العربية للطلاب الفصل الحادي عشر الديني بالمدرسة العالية الإسلامية الحكومية الأولى نجاوي بدليل على أن نتائج الاختبار Independent Sampel T-Test على قيمة متوسطة للفصل التجريبي أكبر من الفصل الضابط بقيمة 58.50 > 53.50 بقيمة إشارة (2-ذيل) قدرها 0.038 < 0.05. فتم رفض فرضية Ho وتم قبول فرضية Ha.
Pengembangan Bahan Ajar Bahasa Arab Berbasis Kurikulum Merdeka Belajar
Authors: Bukhori Evi Muzaiyidah , Sulton Ahmad
Published: February 2025

This study was conducted to develop an Arabic e-module based on the Merdeka Belajar curriculum. The purpose of this study was to describe the validation of the Arabic e-module and the effectiveness of using the developed e-module. This study is an R&D study with the ADDIE development model. The evaluation instrument used tests and questionnaires and was analyzed using the T-Test. The results of the study are in the form of an Arabic e-module developed through a flipbook application, which includes features such as sound, images, animation, video, and more, that attract interest in learning and make it easier for students to understand Arabic material. Based on the results of the validity of media experts (92% very interesting), material experts (94% very interesting), and language experts (87.3% very interesting). The results of the limited trial between the control and experimental groups, analyzed with the T-test through the Independent Samples T-test on IMB SPSS 25.0, showed that the value of sig. (2-tailed) was 0.001, which is greater than 0.05. This means that Ha is accepted and H0 is rejected. The conclusion is that there is a significant difference between the Post-test learning outcomes of the control and experimental groups.
Abstrak
Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengembangkan e-modul Bahasa Arab berbasis kurikulum Merdeka Belajar. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mendeskripsikan validasi e-modul Bahasa Arab dan efektifitas penggunaan e-modul yang dikembangkan. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian R&D dengan model pengembangan ADDIE. Instrumen evaluasi menggunakan tes dan angket dan dianalisis dengan T-Test. Hasil penelitian berupa e-modul Bahasa Arab yang dikembangkan melalui aplikasi flipbook, di dalamnya terdapat fitur suara, gambar, animasi, video dan sebagainya menarik minat belajar serta memudahkan mahasiswa memahami materi Bahasa Arab. Berdasarkan hasil validitas ahli media sebesar 92% (sangat menarik), ahli materi sebesar 94% (sangat menarik), dan ahli bahasa sebesar 87,3% dengan (sangat menarik). Hasil uji coba terbatas antara kelompok kontrol dan eksperimen dengan uji T-test melalui Independent Samples T-test) pada IMB SPSS 25.0 menunjukkan bahwa nilai sig. (2-tailed) sebesar 0,001>0,05. Artinya Ha diterima dan H0 ditolak. Kesimpulannya bahwa terdapat perbedaan yang signifikan antara hasil belajar Post-test kelompok kontrol dan eksperimen.
Ta'tsiir Istikhdaam Namuudzaj La'b al-Adwaar 'Ala Mahaarat al-Kalam Ladaa al-Thalabat Fii al-Madrasat al-Hukuumiyyat 1 Padang
Authors: Erlanda Titi , Hanomi Hanomi , Rahmawati Rahmawati
Published: February 2025

كان الهدف من البحث هو تحديد قدرات الطلاب في مهارات التحدث قبل استخدام نماذج لعب الأدوار وقياس تأثير استخدام نماذج لعب الأدوار على مهارات التحدث لدى الطلاب في المدرسة الحكومية 1 بادنج. طريقة البحث هذه هي بحث كمي من النوع شبه التجريبي حيث تستخدم أدوات جمع البيانات الاختبارات وتحليل البيانات يستخدم اختبارات T. تتكون مصادر البيانات من مديري المدارس والطلاب. وتكونت مواضيع الاختبار من الطلاب. أظهرت نتائج البحث أن مهارات التحدث لدى الطلاب قبل استخدام نموذج لعب الأدوار في المدرسة الحكومية 1 بادنج. يمكن رؤيتها من الاختبار القبلي في الفصل الضابط الذي يعني 59.41 بتقدير ضعيف، وفي الفصل التجريبي المعنى هو 56.28 بتقدير ضعيف. يظهر تأثير استخدام تمثيل الأدوار على مهارات التحدث في في المدرسة الحكومية 1 بادنج إيجابيًا ومعنويًا حيث بلغ متوسط ​​درجة الاختبار البعدي في الفصل التجريبي 90,8 بدرجة جيدة ومتوسط ​​درجة الاختبار البعدي في الفصل الضابط 86,5 بقيمة جيدة. يمكن رؤية هذا البيان من نتائج اختبار الفرضيات باستخدام اختبار t ب independen sample t-test بقيمة sig 2-tailed0،000الأصغر من 0،05، يتم فالفرضية Ha مقبولة والفرضية Ho مردودة. لذلك استنتجت الباحثة أن استخدام نموذج لعب الأدوار يؤثر على مهارة الكلام لطلبة الفصل العاشر في المدرسة العالية الحكومية 1 بادانج.
Abstract
The aim of the research was to determine students' abilities in speaking skills before using role-playing models and to measure the effect of using role-playing models on students' speaking skills at SMA Negeri 1 Padang. This research method is quantitative research with a quasi-experimental design, where data collection tools use tests and data analysis uses T-tests. Data sources consist of school principals and students. The test subjects consisted of students. The research results show that the students' speaking skills before using the role-playing model at SMA Negeri 1 Padang can be seen from the pre-test in the control class, which mean 59.41 with a weak estimate, and in the experimental class, the mean is 56.28 with a weak estimate. The influence of the use of role-playing on speaking skills at SMA Negeri 1 Padang shows a positive and significant effect, with the average post-test score in the experimental class averaging 90.8, indicating a good score, and the post-test score in the control class averaging 86.5, also with a good value. This statement can be observed from the results of hypothesis testing using the Independent Sample t-test, with a two-tailed significance value of 0.000, which is less than 0.05. The Ha hypothesis is accepted, and the Ho hypothesis is rejected.
Dynamic MRI with Locally Low-Rank Subspace Constraint: Towards 1-Second Temporal Resolution Aided by Deep Learning
Authors: Solomon Eddy , Bae Jonghyun , Moy Linda , Heacock Laura , Li Feng , Kim Sungheon
Published: February 2025

MRI is the most effective method for screening high-risk breast cancer patients. While current exams primarily rely on the qualitative evaluation of morphological features before and after contrast administration and less on contrast kinetic information, the latest developments in acquisition protocols aim to combine both. However, balancing between spatial and temporal resolution poses a significant challenge in dynamic MRI. Here, we propose a radial MRI reconstruction framework for Dynamic Contrast Enhanced (DCE) imaging, which offers a joint solution to existing spatial and temporal MRI limitations. It leverages a locally low-rank (LLR) subspace model to represent spatially localized dynamics based on tissue information. Our framework demonstrated substantial improvement in CNR, noise reduction and enables a flexible temporal resolution, ranging from a few seconds to 1-second, aided by a neural network, resulting in images with reduced undersampling penalties. Finally, our reconstruction framework also shows potential benefits for head and neck, and brain MRI applications, making it a viable alternative for a range of DCE-MRI exams.
Nonclinical Preventive Measures of Parkinson's Disease (PD): Identifying Key Lifestyle, Demographic, and Environmental Factors
Authors: Namburi Niharika
Published: February 2025

Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disorder with a rising global prevalence. While 15–25% of cases are hereditary, the rest are attributed to exogenous factors, such as environmental exposures and lifestyle choices. This study explores the relationships between various environmental, lifestyle, and health-related factors and PD risk via data from the Fox Insight database and analyzes descriptive statistics, logistic regression, and predictive modeling techniques. Key findings show that older age, male sex, lower BMI, unemployment (including both retired and unemployed individuals), and occupational pesticide exposure increase the risk of PD. Interestingly, higher BMI was associated with a reduced risk of PD, suggesting a potential protective effect, althoughthis may be influenced by reverse causality. Additionally, vigorous physical activity was found to be linked with an increased risk of PD, which could also reflect reverse causality, where individuals diagnosed with PD may increase their activity levels in response to their condition. These results highlight important modifiable factors for PD prevention and suggest areas for further research, particularly in understanding the complex interactions among lifestyle factors, environmental exposures, and disease onset.
Motivating Effects of Negative-hedonic Valence Encoded in Engrams
Authors: Nedelescu Hermina , Meamari Elias , Rajaei Nami , Grey Alexus , Bullard Ryan , O’Connor Nathan , Suto Nobuyoshi , Weiss Friedbert
Published: February 2025

Engrams are neuronal alterations that encode associations between environmental contexts and subjectively rewarding or aversive experiences within sparsely activated neuronal assemblies that regulate behavioral responses. How positive- or negative-hedonic states are represented in brain neurocircuits is a fundamental question relevant for understanding the processing of emotionally meaningful stimuli that drive appropriate or maladaptive behavior, respectively. It is well-known that animals avoid noxious stimuli and experiences. Little is known, however, how the conditioning of environmental or contextual stimuli to behavior that leads to amelioration of dysphoric states establishes powerful associations leading to compulsive maladaptive behavior. Here we have studied engrams that encode the conditioned effects of alcohol-related stimuli associated with the reversal of the dysphoric withdrawal state in alcohol dependent rats and document the recruitment of engrams in the paraventricular nucleus of the thalamus (PVT), the central nucleus of the amygdala (CeA), and the Dorsal Striatum (DS). The findings suggest that the encoding of associations between reversal of negative hedonic states and environmental contexts in these engrams may serve as a neural mechanism for compulsive alcohol seeking and vulnerability to relapse associated with dysregulation of reward to a pathological allostatic level.
Janus Particles Stabilized Asymmetric Porous Composites for Thermal Rectification
Authors: Liang Fuxin , Jiang Chao , Yang Xiao , He Xingmei , Wang Chunyang , Chen Haisheng , Zheng Xinghua
Published: February 2025

Thermal rectification is a noteworthy phenomenon of asymmetric material, which enables the directional transfer of thermal energy. But the design and construction of such asymmetric thermal conductive materials with complex structures are full of challenges. Here, a novel additive manufacturing method was proposed to fabricate asymmetric porous composites from layer-by-layer cast emulsions, stabilized with Janus particles (JPs), for thermal rectification. The emulsions were remarkably stable, allowing each layer to be manipulated independently without interference, resulting in a porous structure with significant asymmetry. The thermal rectification of JPs-stabilized asymmetric porous composites (JAPCs) was investigated through both experiments and simulations. It was found that their thermal rectification ratios can be adjusted by altering the contrast between the two layers of the asymmetric porous composites, with a maximum value of 38%. This emulsion casting additive manufacturing method is suitable for large-scale production. A simple model demonstrated the potential of JAPCs to regulate thermal energy in ambient conditions with fluctuating temperatures. It was explored to achieve multilayer alternating porous composites, which cannot be achieved with gradient asymmetric approaches. This method provides a practical way to design and fabricate complicated porous structures with potential applications in additive manufacturing.
Substrate Affinity as a Key Adaptive Mechanism in Ammonia Oxidation under Acidification
Authors: Zheng Zhen-Zhen , Tong Senwei , Shen Hui , Han Li-Li , Tang Jin-Ming , Wan Xianhui , Kao Shuh-Ji
Published: February 2025

Ammonia oxidation, mediated primarily by ammonia-oxidizing archaea (AOA) and bacteria (AOB), is a cornerstone of the nitrogen cycle of aquatic ecosystems. However, the impact of increasing acidification on this process remains unresolved, with field observations across diverse aquatic environments yielding contradictory results. Here, we present a comprehensive investigation combining pH manipulation experiments across multiple ecosystems—including a freshwater reservoir, estuaries, and the oligotrophic open ocean—and controlled laboratory experiments using the AOA isolate Nitrosopumilus maritimus SCM1. Our results reveal an unexpected adaptive response: both AOA and AOB enhance their substrate affinity under acidified conditions, counteracting the anticipated reduction in ammonia availability. This respense defies to traditional paradigm that predicts diminished ammonia oxidation under acidified conditions and highlights substrate affinity as a key regulator of microbial activity. Notably, in AOA-dominated environments, this adaptation sustains ammonia oxidation rates despite acidification-induced substrate scarcity. These results reconcile previously inconsistent observations and establish a mechanistic framework for predicting ammonia oxidizer dynamics in acidifying aquatic systems. By incorporating substrate affinity into predictive models of nitrogen cycling, this study offers critical insights into the resilience of biogeochemical processes under future acidification scenarios.
The deubiquitinase OTUD7B ameliorates central nervous system autoimmunity by inhibiting degradation of glial fibrillary acidic protein and astrocyte hyperinflammation
Authors: Schlüter Dirk , Harit Kunjan , Yi Wenjing , Jeron Andreas , Schmidt Jakob , Beckervordersandforth Ruth , Wyler Emanuel , Manukyan Artür , Deckert Martina , Radbruch Helena , Conrad Thomas , Altmüller Janine , Landthaler Markus , Wang Xu , Nishanth Gopala
Published: February 2025

Astrocytes are central to the pathogenesis of multiple sclerosis; however, their regulation by intrinsic post-translational ubiquitination and deubiquitination is unresolved. This study shows that the deubiquitinating enzyme OTUD7B in astrocytes confers protection against murine experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis, a model of MS, by limiting neuroinflammation. RNA-sequencing of isolated astrocytes and spatial transcriptomics showed that in EAE OTUD7B downregulates the expression of chemokines in astrocytes of inflammatory lesions, which is associated with reduced recruitment of encephalitogenic CD4 + T cells. Furthermore, OTUD7B was essential for GFAP protein expression of astrocytes bordering inflammatory lesions. Mechanistically, OTUD7B (i) restricted TNF-induced chemokine production of astrocytes by sequential K63- and K48-deubiquitination of RIPK1 limiting NF-κB and MAPK activation and (ii) enabled GFAP protein expression by supporting GFAP mRNA expression and preventing its proteasomal degradation through K48-deubiquitination of GFAP. This dual action on TNF signaling and GFAP identifies astrocyte-intrinsic OTUD7B as a central inhibitor of astrocyte-mediated inflammation.
Preliminary evaluation of the efficacy and safety of a traditional poly-herbal preparation “Desadun Kalka” in reducing symptoms and inflammatory mediators in patients with acute COVID-19
Authors: Thatparan Rameeladevi , Umayangani Sudharma , Amarasinghe Gunapala , Wijewickrama Ananda , Jeewandara Chandima , Malavige Gathsaurie Neelika
Published: February 2025

Introduction: During the COVID-19 pandemic, many traditional herbal medicines were used to treat patients with COVID-19. We sought to determine the efficacy and safety of a traditional polyherbal preparation-Desadun Kalka (DK) in reducing symptoms and inflammatory mediators in patients with COVID-19 in Sri Lanka.
Methods: We conducted a phase 2, randomized, open labelled clinical trial, in hospitalized adult patients with a confirmed SARS- COV-2 infection, enrolled within the ≤ 4 days since onset of symptoms. Those in the treatment arm (n=76) were given 1250mg of DK three times a day orally, starting from the day of recruitment, up to 4 to 5 days (median 4 days, IQR 4 to 5 days) along with the standard treatment, while those in the control arm (n=76) were given standard treatment. Results: Patients in the DK arm and control arm had similar baseline characteristics except for those in the DK arm having significantly lower (p=0.007) Ct values for SARS-CoV-2 specific RT-qPCR than those in the control arm. DK was well tolerated, and no adverse events were reported. Patients in the DK arm were significantly less likely to have symptoms of a cold (p=0.006) and cough (p=0.006) on day 8 since onset of illness compared to the control group and had a significantly shorter duration of a cough (p=0.006). The CRP levels (p=0.001) and the serum IL-6 levels (p<0.0001) were significantly lower on day 8 of the illness in those who were in the DK arm compared to those in the control arm, while there were no differences in other clinical features, or haematological or biochemical parameters in the DK vs control group.
Conclusion: DK appears to have some effect in reducing symptoms and inflammatory mediators in patients with COVID-19 and it would be important to further evaluate the efficacy and mechanisms of action.
Trial registration: the trial was registered at the Sri Lanka Clinical trial registry on the 1st of March 2021, International Clinical Trial Registration Platform (SLCTR/2021/005: https://slctr.lk/trials/slctr-2021-005 )