bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Evaluación de una intervención de Aprendizaje-Servicio en Educación Musical en la formación de profesorado
Authors: Cuervo Laura , Arroyo Resino Delia , Bonastre Valles Carolina , Navarro Asencio Enrique
Published: December 2021

El Aprendizaje-Servicio (ApS) es una metodología innovadora en el ámbito educativo que combina el aprendizaje de una materia con la puesta en práctica de los conocimientos a través de la realización de un servicio a la comunidad. Debido a la importancia del ApS este trabajo pretende evaluar un programa de intervención con esta metodología en Educación Musical, en la formación de profesorado. Para ello, se plantea una investigación evaluativa, en la que se comparan los resultados de un grupo control y experimental, seleccionando una muestra total de 93 estudiantes universitarios a los que se les pasa un cuestionario de estrategias de aprendizaje y otro de evaluación de conocimientos musicales, así mismo se comparan las notas finales de ambos grupos. Los resultados reflejan que, partiendo de grupos equivalentes, en las variables de interés existe una mejora en el grupo experimental en la escala de estrategias afectivas, de apoyo y control, así como en las subescalas de componentes afectivos, estrategias de control, tras la aplicación de la intervención. También, se encontraron diferencias significativas en el aprendizaje, a favor del grupo que realizó la intervención. Se recomienda la realización de nuevas investigaciones con ApS en esta y otras áreas para afianzar los resultados y observar la efectividad de esta metodología.
Resiliencia del profesorado de Música chileno en el contexto de pandemia de COVID-19
Authors: Jorquera Rossel Raúl , Valverde Ocariz Ximena , Montes Anguita Rodrigo
Published: December 2021

El presente artículo pretende dar a conocer cómo ha afectado el contexto de pandemia por COVID-19 las condiciones laborales y personales del profesorado de Música en Chile. Durante el primer año de esta pandemia, se consultó a 154 docentes de Música sobre su situación personal y profesional con el objetivo de conocer cómo estaban enfrentando el contexto educativo a distancia. Los datos recopilados y contrastados con la bibliografía consultada, permiten observar no solo una modificación y reinvención de sus prácticas educativas, sino además una importante capacidad de reinvención, de automotivación y de salir adelante. Estas capacidades se engloban en el concepto de resiliencia. Todo lo observado permite sentar las bases de una educación musical contextualizada y con la capacidad de adaptarse a la realidad y los continuos cambios que esta presenta, y donde el rol de la educación musical dentro del currículum se torna a su vez mas importante y significativo, tanto para el estudiantado, así como también para el propio desarrollo curricular del sistema educativo.
Migración forzada de clases a formato online: un estudio de caso en la formación del profesorado de Música en el contexto COVID-19
Authors: Iglesias Pedro , Rivera Pino Lorena
Published: December 2021

Como medida de emergencia en respuesta a la pandemia producida por el COVID-19, la mayoría de las universidades en el mundo debió cerrar sus campus físicos y reprogramar sus actividades en formato online. Si bien las estadísticas oficiales indican que prácticamente la totalidad de las instituciones continuó con sus actividades formativas, la responsabilidad de las modificaciones didácticas y curriculares recayó sobre el profesorado que venía realizando clase en formatos presenciales y que no tenía experiencia en realizar docencia en formato online. Esta migración forzada significó que las universidades pudieron continuar con la formación del estudiantado de forma más o menos regular.  No obstante, la estadística oficial que habla de tasas de aprobación no da cuenta de la efectividad del aprendizaje en este nuevo formato. A través una combinación de diseño de investigación de teoría fundamentada y un estudio de caso en una carrera de Pedagogía en Música en una universidad privada chilena, se busca describir, argumentar y evaluar desde el punto de vista del profesorado las modificaciones realizadas a las diferentes asignaturas, visualizar las dificultades que tuvieron durante el período y analizar sus percepciones sobre la efectividad y proyección de la enseñanza online en disciplinas musicales. Nuestros resultados apuntan a una gran diversidad de modificaciones realizadas por cada docente, destacando varias relacionadas con las metodologías activas, como el Aprendizaje Basado en Proyectos y el Aula Invertida. También, se da cuenta de una sobrecarga laboral importante y una percepción de que los aprendizajes se ven disminuidos en contextos online respecto a los presenciales.
Il martirio in epoca severiana di S. Alessandro presso Baccano lungo la via Cassia tra testimonianze agiografiche e dati archeologici
Authors: Cordiano Giuseppe
Published: December 2021

A rupestrian church near the ancient mansio ad Baccanas (via Cassia) can now be read under a new light: this building probably was mainly the tomb of the bishop Alexander, a Christian martyr of III century.
A Morphometric Analysis of Intra-articular Disc of Temporomandibular Joints in Cadavers
Authors: Agrawal Pratik Ashokkumar , Shah Navin S , Gandotra Ramnarayan A , Panchal Karan Vasantray , Shah Rishabh Navin
Published: December 2021

Introduction: Temporomandibular Joint (TMJ) has been a controversial topic in Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery speciality especially regarding temporomandibular joint disorders and internal derangement of articular disc. The aetiology behind it has been related to the anatomic variations of the disc and its impact on the functioning of the articular disc. To understand such anatomic variation, the study has been conducted that will help future maxillofacial surgeon’s in designing accurate prosthetic articular disc that will improve the overall mechanics of the functioning of the prosthetic disc. Aim: To analyse the morphometric variations of the intra-articular disc in terms of circumference of the disc, perforations and their thickness within the disc in cadavers. Materials and Methods: The present observational study was carried out on cadavers in the Department of Anatomy. SBKS Medical College and Research Centre, Sumandeep Vidyapeeth University, Gujarat, India. The study was done from January 2017 to October 2018. Temporomandibular joints were dissected bilaterally from 10 human cadavers, i.e., 20 articular discs. The disc was removed and was measured with the help of thread, vernier callipers and standardised metallic scale and the circumference and thickness in the disc were evaluated. Descriptive statistical test was used and Chi-square test was applied. Results: Mean thickness of disc, both in males as well as females ranged from 1.4-2.0 mm in the Posterio-Medial (PM) and Posterio- Lateral (PL) region, while in Anterio-Medial (AM) and Anterio- Lateral (AL) region it ranged from 1.6-1.8 mm. Maximum length of disc ranged from 12-13 mm in anterio-posterio dimension while in Medio-Lateral (ML) it was 22-23 mm. Conclusion: The study gives an indepth knowledge about the various morphometric variations of articular disc and also shows its impact on the functioning of the disc. The study also directs maxillofacial surgeons to design prosthetic articular disc with greater accuracy and anatomical knowledge so that the procedures like surgical replacement of the disc can be carried out with greater potency and efficacy for the betterment of the patient.
Coronectomy versus Extraction of Third Molar with Inferior Alveolar Nerve Proximity: A Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Maheshwari Bhavesh , Parshad Ram , Channar Kashif Ali , Rathi Ajeet Kumar , Mali Rajesh , Begum Ishrat , Parkash Narendar
Published: December 2021

Introduction: A tooth that failed to erupt in its expected time of eruption is called impacted tooth. Mandibular impacted teeth are common than any other tooth. Management of impacted teeth depends upon depth, angulations and type of impaction. Certain factors may increase the complications of tooth extraction. One of them is Inferior Alveolar Nerve (IAN) approximation with third molar roots. Coronectomy is surgical procedure through which crown of tooth can be removed at cementoenamel junction level and leaving the root part is a new procedure to avoid nerve injury. Aim: To compare outcome of extraction of lower third molar and coronectomy in management of impacted third molar with close proximity to inferior alveolar nerve. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted at Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Department at Liaquat University of Medical and Health Science Jamshoro/Hyderabad, Pakistan. Ethical approval was sought from the ethical review committee of university. The written informed consent was taken from the patients. Total 36 patients were included in this study, divided into two groups using random number table. Patients with mandibular impacted third molar, with inferior alveolar nerve approximation diagnosed clinically and radiographically were included in this study. Group A was treated with surgical extraction and group B with Coronectomy. The data was analysed by Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) statistical software version 20.0. The Chi-square test and Independent t-test was applied to check the statistical difference in outcomes of both treatment procedures. Results: Total 36 patients were included in two groups and the mean age of patients were 25±2 years with male to female ratio as 1.1:1. Preoperatively, all patients were having normal mouth opening and no neurosensory deficit. Postoperatively neurosensory deficit seen in both groups at follow-up visits but, at six weeks follow-up, all patients were recovered from IAN deficit in coronectomy group with statistically significant p-value <0.001. Conclusion: With this small sample size, it cannot be concluded which technique is better than other. With this single centre study, it was observed that coronectomy appears to be simple, easier and better procedure and more effective technique for minimising the risk to inferior alveolar nerve injury, limited mouth opening and dry socket that corresponds to impacted molar extraction.
Impact of Jacobson’s Progressive Muscle Relaxation on Stress Levels of Exam Going MBBS Students of a Medical College in South Gujarat, India
Authors: Palkar Devashish , Panigrahi Sanjibani , Shatadal Pooja , Mehta Ritambhara
Published: December 2021

Introduction: Academic examinations are a very stressful event for an Bachelor of Medicine and Bachelor of Surgery (MBBS) student. While many students learn to deal with it through the use of helpful or unhelpful coping skills, many still end up with considerable psychological morbidity in the form of anxiety and depression along with deterioration in overall health. Jacobson’s Progressive Muscle Relaxation (JPMR) causes deep muscle relaxation. Aim: To find out the prevalence of stress and exam anxiety in students of 1st year MBBS and to study the impact of JPMR. Materials and Methods: It was a quasi-experimental, pretest and post-test interventional study conducted amongst the first year MBBS students studying at the Government Medical College Surat, Gujarat, India, during March to May 2019. Two months before their internal exams, 114 1st year MBBS students were recruited for the study. They were given a pretest proforma which comprised of socio-demographic profile, Perceived Stress Scale (PSS), Test Anxiety Scale (TAS) and General Health Questionnaire (GHQ) 28. They were asked to attend JPMR sessions over the following month in batches of 30 each and asked to practise JPMR for one month leading up to their exams. Total 43 students attended these sessions while 71 did not. After one month, all 114 students were again given a post-test proforma comprising of the same scales. Paired t-test was applied to compare the pretest and post-test scores to see the impact of JPMR. Results: The mean age of participants was 19 years.The students who completed their schooling in Gujarati medium and those who reported to be staying at hostel experienced significantly more TAS scores at baseline evaluation as compared to their counterparts from English medium schools and those staying at home respectively. There was a statistically significant reduction in mean scores of PSS and TAS before and after practice of JPMR in the 43 students who attended and practiced JPMR (p-value=0.005 and p-value=0.002, respectively; p-value <0.05 was considered to be significant). Conclusion: One month practice of JPMR was found to be effective in reduction of stress and exam anxiety.
Anneroth’s Histopathological Grading System in Non Metastatic and Metastatic Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma- A Pilot Study
Authors: Murugesan Ambika , Balakrishnan Sekar , Chandrasekar Manoj , Indrapriyadharshini K , Saranyan Ravi , Manivannan E , Rajmohan M
Published: December 2021

Introduction: Prognostic evaluation of Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma (OSCC) is mainly based on [Tumour (T), Nodes (N), and Metastases (M)] staging. To predict the biological and clinical behaviour of a tumour, histological grading systems plays an important role. Modified Anneroth’s grading system includes three parameters each for histologic features and tumour-host relationship. Aim: To compare and analyse the histological features of tumour center and periphery of non metastatic and metastatic OSCC according to Anneroth’s histopathological classification and its association with regional lymph node metastasis. Materials and Methods: A retrospective pilot study was conducted on 20 histopathologically proven cases of OSCC collected from the Department of Oral Pathology and Oral Microbiology, Vinayaka Mission’s Sankarachariyar Dental College, Salem, Tamil Nadu, India. The OSCC cases those reported from March 2018 to June 2020 were included in the study. Among 20 cases, 10 non metastatic and 10 metastatic cases, were retrieved from archival blocks. Scores for the morphology and tumour-host relationship of non metastatic and metastatic tumours was assessed and graded by Anneroth’s grading system; then compared with the Broder's histopathological grading system. The histopathological scoring of lymph node was based on TNM staging. Chi-square test and Spearman’s correlation coefficient analysis was done. Results: Anneroth’s grading system showed a significant difference in pattern of invasion in tumour periphery of metastatic OSCC (p-value=0.01). Compared to Broder’s, Anneroth’s classification showed a highly significant corelation with lymph node metastasis (p-value=0.001). Conclusion: Hence, Anneroth’s histopathological grading system can be used to predict the biological changes in metastatic and non metastatic OSCC and its increased possibility of regional lymph node metastasis.
The Relevance of Freud in the Modern World
Authors: Gaude Utpreksha
Published: December 2021

Sigmund Freud has affected generations not only in the field of psychology but also in social scenarios, home life and popular culture. His views and theories have shaped our current concepts ranging from development to therapy. His beliefs, in his time, not only inspired his contemporaries with theirs’ but they also sparked controversies with other intellectuals. Despite being subject to criticism, his ideas have been and are still relevant. The terms introduced by him like the ‘Freudian slip’ and ‘denial’, have been incorporated into the present dictionaries and everyday life. Massively influential, his ideas, theories and his school of thought, psychoanalysis, continue to have a strong impact on psychology as well as psychotherapy even today.
Genetic Distance of Four Strains of Guppy Fish (Poecilia reticulata) Using RAPD PCR Method
Authors: Yustiati Ayi , Nuryanti Aisyah , Suryadi Ibnu Bangkit Bioshina , Mulyani Yuniar
Published: December 2021

Guppies are one type of organism that can live well, especially in the tropics. The kinship between species that have genetic similarities can be identified through genotypic mapping, one of which is molecular analysis using. RAPD method with PCR technique. This study aims to determine the genetic relationship of four guppy poecilia reticulata strains, respectively are Albino Full Red (AFP), Brazilian Fan Tail (BFT), Koi Guppy Tuxedo (KGT), and Platinum Red Tail Big Ears (PRTB) with the RAPD-PCR method. The genetic relationship data obtained is used as a guide for mating between the four strains. This research was conducted from September 2020 to November 2020. The process were carried out at the Biotechnology Laboratory, Faculty of Fisheries and Marine Sciences, Padjadjaran University and the Central Laboratory, Padjadjaran University. OPA-03 primer (AGTCAGCCAC) is used as a standard parameter to interpret genetic diversity among the four guppy strains. Based on the results, amplification with primer OPA-03 visualized 21 bands consisting of seven polymorphic bands and 13 monomorphic bands. The results of the phylogenetic tree showed that there were two groups. The first group is AFR and BFT a similarity index of 69.5%. The second group is KGT and PRTB a similarity index of 71.5%.
Multi-Stakeholder Approach in Natural Resources Management: The Case of Mida Creek and Gongoni-Marereni Mangrove Ecosystems in Kilifi County, Kenya
Authors: Mwamuye Edward Salehe , Chongomwa Mwangome Muye , Rayment Mark , Nadir Sternly
Published: December 2021

Multi-stakeholder approach has an overall improvement in conservation and management of mangrove forests resources, more so with a functional coordination framework among stakeholders. Mida creek and Gongoni-Marereni sites were compared in terms of the presence of the multi-stakeholders and the level of coordination and cooperation among stakeholders in conservation of mangrove forests. Data was gathered through a semi-structured interview questionnaire from Key Informants from the stakeholders present in the two sites. The data collected captured stakeholder presence on site, participation in mangrove conservation, and coordination and cooperation with others. There was a variation in multi-stakeholder participation in the two sites. Gongoni-Marereni site had less stakeholders compared to Mida creek which had more, with the latter having a greater participation of stakeholders. The Gongoni-Marereni site mangroves were degraded while in Mida creek had healthy mangroves.
Exploration of Soil and Weather Factors on Mulberry Root Rot Incidence in the Western Zone of Tamil Nadu, India
Authors: Saratha M. , Angappan K. , Karthikeyan S. , Marimuthu S. , Chozhan K.
Published: December 2021

Aims: To record the occurrence of mulberry root rot disease, epidemiology, interaction of weather and soil parameters with the soil-borne pathogens in Western zone of Tamil Nadu during 2019-2020.

Study Design: Survey.

Place and Duration of Study: Surveyed in Coimbatore, Tiruppur, Erode, Dharmapuri and Krishnagiri districts of Tamil Nadu. Laboratory experiments were carried out at Department of Sericulture & Department of Plant Pathology, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University (TNAU), Coimbatore between July 2019 and Jan 2021.

Methodology: Per cent disease incidence of root rot was recorded in all surveyed gardens. To analyze the soil and weather parameters, the composite soil samples were subjected to textural analysis and weather data were collected from TNAU Agro Climate Research Centre. To predict soil temperature for all surveyed locations, the model regression equations were derived. The correlation analysis was done between per cent disease incidence, weather and soil parameters.

Results: The highest disease incidence was recorded in Nallampalli block of Dharmapuri district (54 per cent) whereas the lowest in Udumalaipettai block of Tiruppur district (0.06 per cent). The infected mulberry root samples yielded complex of soil-borne pathogens including Macrophomina phaseolina, Lasiodiplodia theobromae, Fusarium sp., and pathogenicity was proved. The results revealed that root rot incidence was recorded in all types of cultivars, significantly in ruling variety V1 irrespective of its age, soil type, spacing, and irrigation method. Soil parameters like texture, temperature and moisture content were found to augment the disease. Per cent disease incidence had significantly positive correlation with the weather factors like air and soil temperature whereas negative correlation with relative humidity and rainfall.

Conclusion: Synergism of abiotic stress factors hinders the mulberry plant health and increases its susceptibility to the soil-borne pathogens.
Impact and Variability of Meteorological Parameters on Rice Crop at Siddharthnagar, Uttar Pradesh, India
Authors: Singh Surya Prakash , Mishra S. R. , Singh S. N. , Kumar Pradeep , Verma O. P. , Singh D. P. , Kumar Vineet , Devadas V. S.
Published: December 2021

The present study explores the impacts and variability of meteorological parameter on the rice yields at Siddharthnagar of Uttar Pradesh, India. This study that the maximum and minimum temperatures during the period 2011 to 2020 show increasing trends. Whereas the duration of sunlight increased in June and July. Whereas the rainfall data shows decreasing trends for the period August-September. Furthermore, this study suggests that there was a decrease in rainfall trends during the paddy growing period. A negative correlation was observed with rainfall, particularly during the duff stage, indicating that wetting during the flowering to maturity period may be decisive. This study suggests taking into account the variability of annual or seasonal temperatures and precipitation within the region. The warming trend and irregular precipitation over time may have a significant impact on paddy farming. As a result, plans must be developed to manage the impact of the current variability of meteorological parameters on the paddy yields in this district of Uttar Pradesh by developing appropriate alternatives for increasing paddy crop production.
Nursing Students and Online Learning During COVID-19 Pandemic: A Scoping Review
Authors: George Rinu J. , Kunjavara Jibin , Kumar L. Manoj , Sam Shiny T.
Published: December 2021

Aim: This scoping review paper aimed to overview the published research related to nursing students and online learning during the COVID-19 pandemic over the last year 2020-2021.

Methodology: Online Google Scholar Database was searched for articles related to nursing students and online learning during Covid 19 pandemic published between1st June 2020 to 1st June 2021.

Results: Initial search with key words “nursing students” found 20300 results, finally 39 articles were selected which meet the eligibility criteria. Majority of the authors (69.23 %) have an academic affiliation, only one single author (11.2 %) with clinical affiliation and those who had both academic and clinical were (28.19 %). Only (5.12 %) study applied any theory or conceptual frame work. The focuses of the studies selected were mainly (33.33 %) perception or attitude, (28.20 %) impact and satisfaction were as (20.52 %) focused on experiences and challenges faced. We could only find (5.12 %) studies those where funded. In the selection of research designs majority (46.15 %) adopted quantitative approach followed by (20.51 %) qualitative approaches and (10.25 %) mixed methods; others (23.07 %) included reports, editorials, reflective articles, opinions. About (94.8 %) studies were done without any collaboration with other disciplines only (5.12 %) studies were multidisciplinary.

Conclusion: Nursing teaching faculties swiftly responded to COVID-19 by conducting researches mainly adopting quantitative approaches. Nursing researches need more collaboration and funding.
A Case Report on Tuberculous Meningitis
Authors: Kapgate Shreya , Sharma Ranjana , Mendhe Deeplata , Wanjari Mayur
Published: December 2021

Introduction: The most common cause of tuberculous meningitis is a hematogenous spread of mycobacteria from the lungs. tuberculous meningitis is a fatal disease. Symptoms typically worsen over time, and there are three clinical stages to the disease (prodromal phase, phase of neurological symptoms and phase of paresis)

Case Presentation:  The chief complaint of a one-year-old boy was fever, irritability, vomiting, and Generalized Tonic-Clonic Seizure convulsions. The patient's pupils were found to be unequal on physical examination, prompting a repeat neuroimaging. It was done on MRI (magnetic resonance imaging) with T1 hyperintensity on T2 and restricted diffusion on DWI (diffusion-weighted imaging) he has not improved after taking treatment and the patient is on a ventilator as well, we nasogastric tube also. I was receiving treatment and will continue to do so until the end of my care.

Conclusion: In our environment, tuberculous meningitis that presents late is not uncommon. It arrived late at our medical facility. After a full recovery, the patient's comprehensive health care team collaborates to help him regain his previous level of independence and satisfaction. This report is intended to raise clinician awareness of tuberculous meningitis' unusual clinical presentation. Tuberculous meningitis is treated holistically with a focus on medical and nursing management.
Effectiveness of Remote Simulation amongst EMS Professionals in Pune, India
Authors: Rishipathak Parag , Vijayaraghavan Shrimathy , Hinduja Anand
Published: December 2021

Introduction: The Sars CoV2 virus has spread havoc claiming millions of lives in its wake and the world health Organization (WHO) had declared it as a pandemic in 2020. Though medical education and clinical training has always laid more emphasis on face – to- face teaching and physical skill based hands-on training, lately various e-learning tools have become popular as teaching pedagogy due to the restriction of social distancing in the current COVID scenario. Simulation based learning plays a very important role in adding to non-technical skills and management of patient as a whole. Simulation through remote mode has gained major precedence in these last few years especially since the onset of COVID. The present study seeks to know the effectiveness of a single remote simulation session amongst Emergency Medical Services (EMS) professionals

Objective: To assess the effectiveness of remote simulation in the management of cardiac arrest amongst EMS professionals.

Study Design: Cross Sectional Descriptive Study.

Place of Study: Symbiosis Centre for Health Skills (SCHS), Pune India in September 2021.

Materials and Methods: The present study was conducted in September 2021, amongst 80 Emergency Medical Professionals (EMPs) from Pune, India. American Heart Association (AHA) – Pre-course Self-Assessment Questionnaire for the year 2020 was utilized for the study to assess ECG interpretation competency among EMS Professionals before and after a remote simulation session.

Results and Discussion: Time is of essence in a cardiac arrest scenario as any delay can cause exponential rise in the mortality rate. The COVID 19 era has severely restricted bedside learning and on site simulation. A healthy alternative has emerged in the form of remote simulation, which can ensure continuity of learning along with mitigation of the disease spread.

Conclusion: The findings of the study are encouraging and should be followed up with larger sample size and multiple remote simulation sessions to gain further insight into the effectiveness of this unique tool. The COVID 19 era has severely restricted bedside learning and on site simulation. A healthy alternative has emerged in the form of remote simulation, which can ensure continuity of learning along with mitigation of the disease spread.
To Assess Social Demographic Characteristics of Women with Pelvic Organ Prolapse
Authors: Taksande Vaishali Deoraoji , Ambade Shraddha Satish , Bajait Roshan Deoraoji , Bhonde Prajwal Vinayakrao , Borkar Tejaswini Shrirang , Chaudhary Shital Raju , Dhawane Pranjali Ramesh
Published: December 2021

Introduction: One of the prevalent clinical conditions in daily gynecological treatment is pelvic organ prolapses (POP), particularly in parous women. The entity comprises vaginal wall descent and/or uterine descent. Pelvic organ prolapse is a common pelvic disorder among women.

Objective: To determine the social demographic characteristics and types of pelvic organ prolapse and to find out the association between social demographical characteristics with pelvic organ prolapse.

Methods: The descriptive survey was used and the sampling technique was non probability convenient sampling technique and the sample size was 60.

Results: Twenty six (43.3%) women were belongs to in the age group of 33-40 years. 54 (90%) of  women were married.29 (48.3% ) of women never had abortion. 26 (43.3%) of women had normal delivery whereas 17(28.3) had instrumental delivery .19 (31.3%) of women had perineal tear, 20 (33.30%) of women had cervical tear in previous pregnancy . 21(35% ) of women had cystocele whereas 20(33.3) has rectocele . There is significance association between the of age of women, marital status, occupation, Place of previous delivery, type of previous delivery, complications during previous labour except the parity with pelvic organ prolapse.

Conclusion: Pelvic organ prolapse is common gynecological condition .The patients are relatively middle age group. Parity, Occupation, Injuries to birth canal was may be contributory to severity of pelvic organ prolapse.
Comparative analysis of two mathematical algorithms for the calculation of computed tomography perfusion parameters in the healthy and diseased pancreas
Authors: Pan Kehua , Wang Hongqing , Chen Xiaoyu , Ye Xiaocui , Zhang Zhao , Chen Xiao , Jia Xiufen
Published: December 2021

Background

The maximum slope (MS) and deconvolution (DC) algorithms are commonly used to post‐process computed tomography perfusion (CTP) data. This study aims to analyze the differences between MS and DC algorithms for the calculation of pancreatic CTP parameters.

Methods

The pancreatic CTP data of 57 patients were analyzed using MS and DC algorithms. Two blinded radiologists calculated pancreatic blood volume (BV) and blood flow (BF). Interobserver correlation coefficients were used to evaluate the consistency between two radiologists. Paired t‐tests, Pearson linear correlation analysis, and Bland–Altman analysis were performed to evaluate the correlation and consistency of the CTP parameters between the two algorithms.

Results

Among the 30 subjects with normal pancreas, the BV values in the three pancreatic regions were higher in the case of the MS algorithm than in the case of the DC algorithm (t = 39.35, p < 0.001), and the BF values in the three pancreatic regions were slightly higher for the MS algorithm than for the DC algorithm (t = 2.19, p = 0.031). Similarly, among the 27 patients with acute pancreatitis, the BV values obtained using the MS methods were higher than those obtained using the DC methods (t = 54.14, p < 0.001). Furthermore, the BF values were higher with the MS methods than the DC methods (t = 8.45, p < 0.001). Besides, Pearson linear correlation and Bland–Altman analysis showed that the BF and BV values showed a good correlation and a bad consistency between the two algorithms.

Conclusions

The BF and BV values measured using MS and DC algorithms had a good correlation but were not consistent.
Shielding Ferritin with a Biomineralized Shell Enables Efficient Modulation of Tumor Microenvironment and Targeted Delivery of Diverse Therapeutic Agents
Authors: Wang Changlong , Wang Xiaojun , Zhang Wei , Ma Ding , Li Feng , Jia Rongrong , Shi Min , Wang Yugang , Ma Guanghui , Wei Wei
Published: December 2021

Ferritin (Fn) is considered a promising carrier for targeted delivery to tumors, but the successful application in vivo has not been fully achieved yet. Herein, strong evidence is provided that the Fn receptor is expressed in liver tissues, resulting in an intercept effect in regards to tumor delivery. Building on these observations, a biomineralization technology is rationally designed to shield Fn using a calcium phosphate (CaP) shell, which can improve the delivery performance by reducing Fn interception in the liver while re‐exposing it in acidic tumors. Moreover, the selective dissolution of the CaP shell not only neutralizes the acidic microenvironment but also induces the intratumoral immunomodulation and calcification. Upon multiple cell line and patient‐derived xenografts, it is demonstrated that the elaboration of the highly flexible Fn@CaP chassis by loading a chemotherapeutic drug into the Fn cavity confers potent antitumor effects, and additionally encapsulating a photosensitizer into the outer shell enables a combined chemo‐photothermal therapy for complete suppression of advanced tumors. Altogether, these results support Fn@CaP as a new nanoplatform for efficient modulation of the tumor microenvironment and targeted delivery of diverse therapeutic agents.
Vibrational Strong Coupling between Surface Phonon Polaritons and Organic Molecules via Single Quartz Micropillars
Authors: Liu Kaizhen , Huang Guangyan , Li Xiang , Zhu Guangpeng , Du Wei , Wang Tao
Published: December 2021

Vibrational strong coupling (VSC), the strong coupling between optical resonances and the dipolar absorption of molecular vibrations at mid‐infrared frequencies, holds the great potential for the development of ultrasensitive infrared spectroscopy, the modification of chemical properties of molecules, and the control of chemical reactions. In the realm of ultracompact VSC, there is a need to scale down the size of mid‐infrared optical resonators and to elevate their optical field strength. Herein, by using single quartz micropillars as mid‐infrared optical resonators, the strong coupling is demonstrated between surface phonon polariton (SPhP) resonances and molecular vibrations from far‐field observation. The single quartz micropillars support sharp SPhP resonances with an ultrasmall mode volume, which strongly couples with the molecular vibrations of 4‐nitrobenzyl alcohol (C7H7NO3) molecules featuring pronounced mode splitting and anticrossing dispersion. The coupling strength depends on the molecular concentration and reaches the strong coupling regime with only 7300 molecules. The findings pave the way for promoting the VSC sensitivity, miniaturing the VSC devices, and will boost the development of ultracompact mid‐infrared spectroscopy and chemical reaction control devices.
The Effects of Various Surface Coatings of Gold Nanorods on Toxicity, Neuronal Localization, Microstructural Alterations, and In vitro/In vivo Biodistribution
Authors: Ozcicek Ilyas , Aysit Nese , Cakici Cagri , Ayturk Nilufer Ulas , Aydeger Asel , Erim Umit Can
Published: December 2021

With the development of gold nanorods (AuNRs) for a number of biomedical applications, understanding their various biological effects has become important. Surface functionalization of AuNRs is attracting increasing attention with regard to toxicity, cellular uptake, localization, therapeutic potential, and biodistribution. The aim of the study is to synthesis of stable AuNRs functionalized with polyethylenimine (PEI) and polyethylene glycol (PEG), multiparametric investigation of their cellular effects on the dorsal root ganglion (DRG) primary sensory neurones, evaluation of the in vitro/in vivo biodistribution, and toxicity. PEI and PEG surface coatings increased both biocompatibility and biodistribution of the AuNRs. With the near‐infrared laser of the two‐photon microscope, very strong radiations are taken from the nucleolus parts of the neurones particularly and these localizations of the AuNRs‐PEI are confirmed by the transmission electron microscope images. Inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry analysis shows the presence of AuNRs in liver, spleen, kidney, heart, blood, and brain within a 30 day period. It is observed that the surface coatings of the AuNRs significantly increase the biodistribution and biocompatibility. The surface functionalization, stability, and biocompatibility of the AuNRs are very important parameters for the potential nanotheranostic applications of AuNRs in the next studies.
Chalcogenide Perovskites: Tantalizing Prospects, Challenging Materials
Authors: Sopiha Kostiantyn V. , Comparotto Corrado , Márquez José A. , Scragg Jonathan J. S.
Published: December 2021

Chalcogenide perovskites have recently emerged into the spotlight as highly robust, earth abundant, and nontoxic candidates for various energy conversion applications, not least photovoltaics (PV). Now, a serious effort is required to determine if they can emulate the PV performance of the better‐known, part‐organic halide perovskites, in applications such as tandem solar cells. This review summarizes the surprisingly large body of literature pertaining to chalcogenide perovskites, which have been investigated for many years despite only recently being considered for applications. The confusing variety of claims coming from computational materials discovery is clarified, and it is specified which chalcogenide perovskites actually exist and should form the focus of experimental work. The highly interesting optoelectronic and transport properties of the known materials at their current stage of development are summarized, which makes a clear case for investigating them further. The existing synthesis literature is collated, which provides some important and possibly unnoticed clues to experimentalists grappling with these somewhat challenging materials. The authors hope that the highlighting of this information will facilitate further exciting studies, better approaches, and new progress for chalcogenide perovskites.
Optimized Infrared LED and Its Use in an All‐HgTe Nanocrystal‐Based Active Imaging Setup
Authors: Bossavit Erwan , Qu Junling , Abadie Claire , Dabard Corentin , Dang Tung , Izquierdo Eva , Khalili Adrien , Gréboval Charlie , Chu Audrey , Pierini Stefano , Cavallo Mariarosa , Prado Yoann , Parahyba Victor , Xu Xiang Zhen , Decamps‐Mandine Armel , Silly Mathieu , Ithurria Sandrine , Lhuillier Emmanuel
Published: December 2021

Nanocrystals (NCs) have reached a high level of maturity, enabling their integration into optoelectronic devices. The next challenge is the combination of several types of devices into one complex system to achieve better on‐chip integration. Here, an all‐HgTe‐NC active imaging setup operating in the short‐wave infrared (IR) is focused on. First, the design of an optimized IR light‐emitting diode (LED) is focused on. It is shown that a halide technology processing enables an increase of the electroluminescence signal by a factor of 3, while preserving a low turn‐on voltage and a high brightness (3 W sr−1 m−2). Then the degradation mechanism of this LED under continuous operation is unveiled and a shift from band edge to trap emission is shown. This degradation process can be strongly reduced thanks to the encapsulation and the thermal control of the LED. Lastly, the IR emission of the LED is imaged using a focal plane array whose active layer is also made of HgTe NCs, paving the way for all‐NC‐based active imaging setups.
Low Inorganic Phosphate Stress Inhibits Liver Cancer Progression: from In Vivo to In Vitro
Authors: Bi Qiu‐Chen , Luo Rong‐Guang , Li Yan‐Shu , Zhao Jun , Fu Xin , Chen Hong , Lv Yang‐Feng , Liu Zhi‐Xing , Liang Qing‐Rong , Tang Qun
Published: December 2021

Metabolic stress (for example, low pO2, low pH) stimulates cancer progression in a complex and largely unresolved manner. Excessive inorganic phosphate burden is being considered as another stimulator, until now there is no well‐designed study to examine the potential benefits of reducing phosphate burden on cancer progression. Sevelamer microspheres, a polymeric phosphate binder, are introduced as embolic material for interventional treatment of rabbit VX2 liver cancer model. This technique is named as “transarterial sevelamer embolization (TASE).” The microspheres prove to be highly biocompatible, and TASE is found to be a safe local‐regional technique. Compared with conventional transarterial chemoembolization (TACE), TASE is found to not only occlude the tumor‐feeding vessel, but simultaneously deplete intratumoral inorganic phosphate (Pi), thereby inducing severe necrosis as well reducing metastasis and recurrence. Reduced Pi stress inhibits tumor vascularity, invasion, and metastasis by downregulating the angiogenic factors and oncoprotein expression. Energy metabolomics indicate that Pi stress also suppresses tumor anaerobic glycolysis and glutaminolysis. This systemic anti‐cancer effect indicates a promising new application for sevelamer and TASE as a potential alternative to conventional TACE for liver cancer treatment.
8p23.1 deletion: Look out for left ventricular hypertrabeculation and not only congenital heart diseases. Single‐center experience and literature revision
Authors: Cicenia Marianna , Alesi Viola , Orlando Valeria , Magliozzi Monia , Di Tommaso Silvia , Iodice Francesca G. , Pompei Emanuela , Toscano Alessandra , Digilio Maria C. , Drago Fabrizio , Novelli Antonio , Baban Anwar
Published: December 2021

Deletions involving the distal portion of the short arm of chromosome 8(8p23.1) show a high phenotypic variability. Congenital heart diseases (CHD) are often described. GATA4 when mutated or deleted is reported to be involved in cardiac morphogenesis. Only twice, left ventricular non compaction (LVNC) was reported in literature in association with 8p23.1 deletion. The present cohort includes five new patients with 8p23.1 deletions including GATA4. The spectrum of CHD is variable. Moreover, in four patients, LV hypertrabeculation was detected and in the fifth LVNC was recognized. Literature revision identified 45 patients with 8p23.1 deletions (encompassing GATA4) and heart involvement. It included wide spectrum of CHD including: heterotaxy spectrum 7/45 (15, 6%), atrioventricular canal 14/45 (balanced 3/45 including two of them with hypoplastic aortic arch; unbalanced 4/45, Fallot—AVC 1/45, partial AVC 3/45, unspecified 3/45), predominant major left heart lesions included 2/45 (4, 4%): interrupted aortic arch and hypoplastic left heart syndrome. Left ventricular hypertrabeculation might be potentially underestimated in patients with 8p23.1 deletion. These might suggest the importance of including microarray analysis in this group of patients. Moreover, 8p23.1 microdeletion or GATA4 variants can be considered in heterotaxy genetic panels.
Does the introduction of pre‐operative cardiopulmonary exercise testing in radical cystectomy delay or alter surgical care?
Authors: Lockhart Kathleen R. , Carroll Rosemary , Tiu Albert , Blatt Alison
Published: December 2021

Objectives

To assess if the introduction of routine pre‐operative cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET) in radical cystectomy has delayed surgical intervention.

Materials and Methods

A prospective database of patients undergoing radical cystectomy in our local health network was maintained. A retrospective analysis of two years (2018–2020) included 38 patients. Of these, 15 patients had CPET pre‐operatively, and a direct comparison was performed.

Results

The mean time from diagnosis to cystectomy was 95 days in patients who did not have CPET compared to 110 days for those who did (p = 0.32), with comparable rates of neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) (62.5% and 64.29%). Average length of stay was 18.6 days compared with 13.87 (p = 0.16), favouring the CPET group. The CPET group also had a lower readmission rate within 30 days (13.33% compared with 21.05%, p = 0.35). Cause‐specific mortality within 90 days was 10.2% and within the study timeframe was 36.84% (estimated 5‐year mortality rate 43–65%). Within the CPET group, eight had an anaerobic threshold (AT) of <11 ml/kg/min (range 6.3–10.5): Of these, 50% had Clavien‐Dindo complications of grade 2 or higher and the 90‐day mortality rate was 37.5% (cf. 0% in those with AT > 11 ml/kg/min in this series).

Conclusion

CPET is a valuable risk evaluation tool. This study suggested that CPET contributed to a minor non‐significant delay to surgery, however was associated with reduced length of stay and readmission rates, and was a valuable risk evaluation tool. We found that CPET AT <11 ml/kg/min is associated with higher rates of patient morbidity and perioperative mortality.
The efficiency of MSC‐based targeted AIE nanoparticles for gastric cancer diagnosis and treatment: An experimental study
Authors: Ouyang Sushan , Zhang Yi , Yao Sheng , Feng Longbao , Li Ping , Zhu Senlin
Published: December 2021

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), due to their tumor tropism, are strongly recruited by various solid tumors and mobilized by inflammatory signals in the tumor microenvironment. However, effective cellular uptake is critical for MSC‐based drug delivery. In this study, we synthesized a spherical copolymer, polyethylenimine–poly(ε‐caprolactone), with aggregation‐induced emission (AIE) material and the anticancer drug, paclitaxel, coloaded onto its inner core. This was followed by the addition of a transactivator of transcription (TAT) peptide, a type of cell‐penetrating peptide, to modify the nanoparticles (NPs). Finally, the MSCs were employed to carry the TAT‐modified AIE‐NPs drug to the tumor sites and assist in simultaneous cancer diagnosis and targeted tumor therapy. In vitro, the TAT‐modified AIE‐NPs showed good biocompatibility, targeting, and stability in an aqueous solution besides high drug‐loading and encapsulation efficiency. In vitro, the AIE‐NPs exhibited a controllable release under a mildly acidic environment. The in vivo and in vitro studies showed high antitumor efficacy and low cytotoxicity of the AIE‐NP drug, whereas biodistribution confirmed the tumor tropism of MSCs. To summarize, the MSC‐based AIE‐NP drugs loaded with TAT possessed good biocompatibility and high antitumor efficacy via the enhanced NP‐drug uptake. In addition, the tumor tropism of MSCs provided selective drug uptake by the tumor cells and thus reduced the systemic side effects.
Cadxela: An educational tool for supporting the global software engineering education at undergraduate level
Authors: Garcia Ivan , Pacheco Carla , León Andrés , Calvo‐Manzano J. A.
Published: December 2021

The Global Software Development (GSD) strategy has introduced many benefits into the modern software industry, but it has also created many risks that can negatively affect the quality of the final product. Moreover, this approach is still in constant evolution and, therefore, diverse issues and challenges related to geographical, temporal, and sociocultural distances are also present. Therefore, many universities around the world are increasing their efforts in creating programs to prepare more skilled graduates to work in globally distributed environments. However, providing GSD courses among universities distributed in different locations is not so profitable and normally involves a high number of collaborations among various teachers and students that traditional teaching approaches cannot support. In this study, the Cadxela tool is presented to enable undergraduate students to acquire practical experience in GSD and improve their communication and teamwork skills. An empirical evaluation was conducted on Cadxela involving students and teachers from five universities in Mexico, Spain, Chile, Cuba, and Peru. The participants developed a total of 15 projects to experience different problems related to geographical, temporal, and sociocultural distances. The obtained results from pre and post‐evaluations showed that Cadxela can contribute to facilitating the development of practical projects on GSD undergraduate courses, while students develop their knowledge, social skills associated with this topic as well as teamwork and communication skills. Finally, the data collected on the teachers' perceptions suggested that Cadxela can also be a useful tool for introducing the GSD approach at the undergraduate level.
Alternating therapeutic plasma exchange (TPE) with double plasma molecular adsorption system (DPMAS) for the treatment of fulminant hepatic failure (FHF)
Authors: Lei Yan , Liang Yuling , Zhang Xuemei , Wang Xiaohua , Zhang Yu , Chan Yuk Ming , Tang Chun , Zheng Zhihua
Published: December 2021

Alternating therapeutic plasma exchange with double plasma molecular adsorption system can rapidly remove bilirubin and ammonia and supplement the essential substance from the blood, which could be used as an effective treatment for fulminant hepatic failure.