bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Inhibition of the ER stress IRE1α inflammatory pathway protects against cell death in mitochondrial complex I mutant cells
Authors: Soustek Meghan S. , Balsa Eduardo , Barrow Joeva J. , Jedrychowski Mark , Vogel Rutger , Jan Smeitink  , Gygi Steve P. , Puigserver Pere
Published: May 2018

Mitochondrial mutations cause bioenergetic defects associated with failures to use the electron transfer chain and oxidize substrates. These defects are exacerbated under energetic stress conditions and ultimately cause cell deterioration and death. However, little is known about cellular strategies that rescue mitochondrial stress failures and maintain cell survival under these conditions. Here, we have designed and performed a high-throughput chemical screen to identify small molecules that rescue human mitochondrial complex I mutations from energetic stress-induced cell death. The top positive hits were a series of sulfonylureas that efficiently maintain prolonged cell survival and growth under energetic stress conditions. The addition of galactose instead of glucose, to experimentally force mitochondrial respiration, triggered an initial ER stress response that was associated with IRE1α-dependent inflammatory signals including JNK and p38 MAP kinases in mutant cells. Sulfonylureas, similar to inhibition of IRE1α and p38 MAP kinase, potently blocked this ER stress inflammatory and cell death pathway and maintained viability and cell growth under severe energetic stress conditions. These studies reveal that sulfonylureas and specific inhibition of the IRE1α inflammatory pathway protect against cell death and can be used to rescue bioenergetic failures in mitochondrial complex I-mutated cells under stress conditions.
Arcuate stress state in accretionary prisms from real-scale numerical sandbox experiments
Authors: Furuichi Mikito , Nishiura Daisuke , Kuwano Osamu , Bauville Arthur , Hori Takane , Sakaguchi Hide
Published: May 2018

The stress states in accretionary prisms are important for understanding the building and releasing of seismic energy. Numerous researchers have conducted sandbox experiments as a scaled physical analog model to understand the formation of accretionary prisms. However, measuring stress states in laboratory sandbox experiments is still practically infeasible. Here we performed real-scale numerical sandbox experiments using the discrete element method to understand the 3D stress state in the accretionary prism. Despite the nearly uniform initial conditions, macro-scale undulations of faults, which are similar to those observed in the trenches of an accretionary prism, appear. We reveal that these undulations are caused by the formation of stress arches. We show that the mechanism behind the arch formation is the discontinuous change in the stress orientation during the rearrangement of the stress chain. Furthermore, analyses demonstrate that the in-situ stress orientation from borehole data can be a signal of either the regional direction of plate convergence or the local stress orientation associated with the stress arch. The results may greatly enhance the outcome of long term monitoring in areas, such as the Nankai Trough.
In situ splitting after selective partial portal vein ligation or simultaneous hepatic artery ligation promotes liver regeneration
Authors: Yao Li-Bin , Li Chong-Hui , Wu Xiao-Juan , Wang Xue-Dong , Ge Xin-Lan , Zhang Ai-Qun , Zhu Xiao-Cheng , Shao Yong , Dong Jia-Hong
Published: May 2018

This study seeks to compare the impact of selective partial portal vein ligation (PPVL) or the combination of simultaneous hepatic artery ligation (PPVAL) with in situ splitting (ISS) on liver regeneration and injury. Rats were randomized into three groups; namely: selective PVL, PPVL + ISS and PPVAL + ISS. The changes in hepatic hemodynamics, liver regeneration and hepatocytic injury were examined. Blood flow to the left portal branch and the microcirculation of the left median lobe after PPVL or PPVAL was significantly reduced. Liver regeneration of PPVAL + ISS group was more pronounced than that in the PPVL + ISS and PVL groups at 48 and 72 hours as well as 7 d postoperatively. The serum biochemical markers and histopathological examination demonstrated reduced levels of liver injury in the PPVL + ISS group. Injury to hepatocytes was more pronounced with PPVAL + ISS than PVL. HGF, TNF-α and IL-6 expression in the regenerated lobes in both PPVAL + ISS and PPVL + ISS groups increased significantly when compared to the PVL group. We demonstrated that both PPVL + ISS and PPVAL + ISS were effective and feasible means of inducing remnant liver hypertrophy and could serve as a rapid clinical application for qualified patients.
Prophylactic efficacy of orally administered Bacillus poly-γ-glutamic acid, a non-LPS TLR4 ligand, against norovirus infection in mice
Authors: Lee Wooseong , Kim Minwoo , Lee Seung-Hoon , Jung Hae-Gwang , Oh Jong-Won
Published: May 2018

Poly-gamma-glutamic acid (γ-PGA), an extracellular biopolymer produced by Bacillus sp., is a non-canonical toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) agonist. Here we show its antiviral efficacy against noroviruses. γ-PGA with a molecular mass of 2,000-kDa limited murine norovirus (MNV) replication in the macrophage cell line RAW264.7 by inducing interferon (IFN)-β and conferred resistance to viral infection-induced cell death. Additionally, γ-PGA interfered with viral entry into cells. The potent antiviral state mounted by γ-PGA was not attributed to the upregulation of TLR4 or TLR3, a sensor known to recognize norovirus RNA. γ-PGA sensing by TLR4 required the two TLR4-associated accessory factors MD2 and CD14. In ex vivo cultures of mouse ileum, γ-PGA selectively increased the expression of IFN-β in villi. In contrast, IFN-β induction was negligible in the ileal Peyer’s patches (PPs) where its expression was primarily induced by the replication of MNV. Oral administration of γ-PGA, which increased serum IFN-β levels without inducing proinflammatory cytokines, reduced MNV loads in the ileum with PPs and mesenteric lymph nodes in mice. Our results disclose a γ-PGA-mediated non-conventional TLR4 signaling in the ileum, highlighting the potential use of γ-PGA as a prophylactic antiviral agent against noroviruses.
Design of Phase Gradient Coding Metasurfaces for Broadband Wave Modulating
Authors: Zhou Yang , Zhang Guori , Chen Haiyan , Zhou Peiheng , Wang Xin , Zhang Linbo , Zhang Li , Xie Jianliang , Deng Longjiang
Published: May 2018

Wave modulating is one of the most interesting applications of metasurfaces. It requires an effective method to design metasurfaces with arbitrary space-variant phase. In this paper, we proposed an optimized design method for arbitrarily modulating wave based on the Genetic Algorithm, which is efficient to optimize designated radiation patterns according to application requirements. In order to verify the availability of the method, wave modulating of single lobe radiation at 10 GHz and broadband 3-lobes radiation at X band are optimized. For wave modulating of single lobe radiation, eight basic codes are chosen to excite the specific phases evenly dispersed from 0 to 2π for smooth phase gradient, and the 8 × 8, 20 × 20 and 40 × 40 arrays of the basic codes are optimized. It proves that the wave modulation accuracy is enhancing with the increase of elements quantity. For wave modulating of 3-lobes radiation, the 20 × 20 arrays are proposed and optimized, and their basic codes are increased to 32 for meeting the broadband requirement. Its broadband wave modulating has been verified by simulation and experiment, and it is shown that the directional 3-lobes radiation patterns keeps nearly stable within the broadband frequency range of 8.7–11.3 GHz.
Identifying differentially expressed proteins in sorghum cell cultures exposed to osmotic stress
Authors: Ngara Rudo , Ramulifho Elelwani , Movahedi Mahsa , Shargie Nemera G. , Brown Adrian P. , Chivasa Stephen
Published: May 2018

Drought stress triggers remarkable physiological changes and growth impediments, which significantly diminish plant biomass and crop yield. However, certain plant species show notable resilience, maintaining nearly normal yields under severe water deficits. For example, sorghum is a naturally drought-tolerant crop, which is ideal for studying plant adaptive responses to drought. Here we used sorbitol treatments to simulate drought-induced osmotic stress in sorghum cell suspension cultures and analysed fractions enriched for extracellular matrix proteins using isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantification technology. Sorbitol induced an overall increase in protein secretion, with putative redox proteins, proteases, and glycosyl hydrolases featuring prominently among the responsive proteins. Gene expression analysis of selected candidates revealed regulation at the transcriptional level. There was a notable differential gene expression between drought-tolerant and drought-sensitive sorghum varieties for some of the candidates. This study shows that protein secretion is a major component of the sorghum response to osmotic stress. Additionally, our data provide candidate genes, which may have putative functions in sorghum drought tolerance, and offer a pool of genes that could be developed as potential biomarkers for rapid identification of drought tolerant lines in plant breeding programs.
Highly sensitive atomic based MW interferometry
Authors: Shylla Dangka , Nyakang’o Elijah Ogaro , Pandey Kanhaiya
Published: May 2018

We theoretically study a scheme to develop an atomic based micro-wave (MW) interferometry using the Rydberg states in Rb. Unlike the traditional MW interferometry, this scheme is not based upon the electrical circuits, hence the sensitivity of the phase and the amplitude/strength of the MW field is not limited by the Nyquist thermal noise. Further, this system has great advantage due to its much higher frequency range in comparision to the electrical circuit, ranging from radio frequency (RF), MW to terahertz regime. In addition, this is two orders of magnitude more sensitive to field strength as compared to the prior demonstrations on the MW electrometry using the Rydberg atomic states. Further, previously studied atomic systems are only sensitive to the field strength but not to the phase and hence this scheme provides a great opportunity to characterize the MW completely including the propagation direction and the wavefront. The atomic based MW interferometry is based upon a six-level loopy ladder system involving the Rydberg states in which two sub-systems interfere constructively or destructively depending upon the phase between the MW electric fields closing the loop. This work opens up a new field i.e. atomic based MW interferometry replacing the conventional electrical circuit in much superior fashion.
Tandem nucleophilic addition–cycloaddition of arynes with α-iminoesters: two concurrent pathways to imidazolidines
Authors: Jia Hao , Guo Zhenyan , Liu Honglei , Mao Biming , Shi Xueyan , Guo Hongchao
Published: May 2018

The tandem nucleophilic addition-cycloaddition reaction of arynes with α-iminoesters gave functionalized imidazolidine derivatives with high yields, complete regioselectivities, and excellent diastereo- and enantioselectivities.
Synthetic approaches to construct viral capsid-like spherical nanomaterials
Authors: Matsuura Kazunori
Published: May 2018

This feature article describes recent progress in synthetic strategies to construct viral capsid-like spherical nanomaterials using the self-assembly of peptides and/or proteins.
Enhancing low-field magnetoresistance in magnetite nanoparticles via zinc substitution
Authors: Wang Tao , Luan Zhong-Zhi , Ge Jing-Yuan , Liu Ling , Wu Di , Lv Zhong-Peng , Zuo Jing-Lin , Sun Shouheng
Published: May 2018

Zn-doping facilitates the alignment of magnetization direction of sub-10 nm Fe3O4 nanoparticles and enhances room temperature low-field magnetoresistance (LFMR).
Theoretical and experimental investigations of the electronic/ionic conductivity and deprotonation of Ni3−xCoxAl-LDHs in an electrochemical energy storage system
Authors: Ding Shengqi , Du Xiao , Yang Yanyan , Wang Peifen , Zhang Zhonglin , Hao Xiaogang , Peng Changjun , Guan Guoqing
Published: May 2018

A schematic illustration of the mechanism of enhanced electrochemical performance by doping Co species.
Influence of graphene thickness and grain boundaries on MoS2 wrinkle nanostructures
Authors: Kim Seon Joon , Kwon Ohmin , Kim Dae Woo , Kim Jihan , Jung Hee-Tae
Published: May 2018

In this work, the influence of the graphene grain structure and thickness on the MoS2 wrinkle features were investigated.
Achieving biopolymer synergy in systems chemistry
Authors: Bai Yushi , Chotera Agata , Taran Olga , Liang Chen , Ashkenasy Gonen , Lynn David G.
Published: May 2018

Successful integration of chemical and physical networks through template assisted replication processes as well as mutualistic associations between polymers facilitates the translation of the macromolecular functions of biology into synthetic frameworks.
1D hetero-bimetallic regularly alternated 4f–3d coordination polymers based onN-oxide-4,4′-bipyridine (bipyMO) as a linker: photoluminescence and magnetic properties
Authors: Armelao Lidia , Belli Dell'Amico Daniela , Bottaro Gregorio , Bellucci Luca , Labella Luca , Marchetti Fabio , Mattei Carlo Andrea , Mian Federica , Pineider Francesco , Poneti Giordano , Samaritani Simona
Published: May 2018

4f–3d CPs: structural, PL and magnetic studies.
Coordination-driven self-assembly of ruthenium(ii) architectures: synthesis, characterization and cytotoxicity studies
Authors: Adeyemo Aderonke Ajibola , Shettar Abhijith , Bhat Imtiyaz Ahmad , Kondaiah Paturu , Mukherjee Partha Sarathi
Published: May 2018

Four organometallic η6-arene Ru(ii) architectures (MA1–MA4) have been reported. In vitro anticancer activity of the architectures against human cancer cell lines showed good cytotoxicity where the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) is responsible for the cell death.
Phosphine phosphonic amide nickel catalyzed ethylene polymerization and copolymerization with polar monomers
Authors: Hong Changwen , Sui Xuelin , Li Ziqian , Pang Wenmin , Chen Min
Published: May 2018

The phosphine phosphonic amide ligand platform is highly versatile, with three positions that can be well-tuned.
Tailoring the structure, pH sensitivity and catalytic performance in Suzuki–Miyaura cross-couplings of Ln/Pd MOFs based on the 1,1′-di(p-carboxybenzyl)-2,2′-diimidazole linker
Authors: You Li-Xin , Cui Lan-Xin , Zhao Bai-Bei , Xiong Gang , Ding Fu , Ren Bao-Yi , Shi Zhong-Liang , Dragutan Ileana , Dragutan Valerian , Sun Ya-Guang
Published: May 2018

Four Pd/Ln MOFs have been synthesized and tested as catalysts in Suzuki–Miyaura reactions in neat water, neat ethanol as well as water–ethanol mixtures.
Two MOFs as dual-responsive photoluminescence sensors for metal and inorganic ion detection
Authors: Wang Zhong-Jie , Ge Fa-Yuan , Sun Guo-Hao , Zheng He-Gen
Published: May 2018

Two MOFs were synthesized and explored as dual-responsive photoluminescent sensors: 1 for Fe3+ and Cr2O72− ions, and 2 for Hg2+ and Cr2O72− ions.
The hetero-cubane structures of the heavy alkali metal tert-amyloxides [MOCMe2Et]4 (M = K, Rb, Cs)
Authors: Kaiser Maximillian , Klett Jan
Published: May 2018

Hetero-cubane structures were revealed for the tert-amyloxide compounds of potassium, rubidium, and caesium.
A palladacyclic N-heterocyclic carbene system used to probe the donating abilities of monoanionic chelators
Authors: Yan Xuechao , Feng Rui , Yan Chunhui , Lei Peng , Guo Shuai , Huynh Han Vinh
Published: May 2018

The donicities of a series of aryl-based monoanionic chelators have been determined and compared using HEP2 for the first time.
Magnetic relaxation in [Ln(hfac)4]− anions with [Cu(hfac)-radical]nn+ cation chains as counterions
Authors: Sun Juan , Yang Meng , Xi Lu , Ma Yue , Li Licun
Published: May 2018

Two novel 3d–4f compounds involving [Ln(hfac)4]− anions and {[Cu-radical]+}n cation chains are presented. The Dy derivative exhibits slow magnetization relaxation.
Water splitting by electrolysis at high current densities under 1.6 volts
Authors: Zhou Haiqing , Yu Fang , Zhu Qing , Sun Jingying , Qin Fan , Yu Luo , Bao Jiming , Yu Ying , Chen Shuo , Ren Zhifeng
Published: May 2018

A robust oxygen-evolving electrocatalyst was developed using a room-temperature strategy for water splitting at high current densities with low voltages.
Engineered nanomaterials suppress Turnip mosaic virus infection in tobacco (Nicotiana benthamiana)
Authors: Hao Yi , Yuan Wen , Ma Chuanxin , White Jason C. , Zhang Zetian , Adeel Muhammad , Zhou Tao , Rui Yukui , Xing Baoshan
Published: May 2018

Tobacco (Nicotiana benthamiana) and Turnip mosaic virus (TuMV) were used as a model system to investigate the potential of engineered nanomaterials (ENMs) for promoting crop growth and resistance to viral infection.
Graphene oxide template-directed synthesis of porous carbon nanosheets from expired wheat flour for high-performance supercapacitors
Authors: Zhang Xu , Fan Qiuyu , Yang He , Liu Anmin
Published: May 2018

2D N,S co-doped porous carbon nanosheets are prepared in the presence of GO from expired wheat flour.
Development of oligonucleotide-based antagonists of Ebola virus protein 24 inhibiting its interaction with karyopherin alpha 1
Authors: Tanaka Keisuke , Kasahara Yuuya , Miyamoto Yoichi , Takumi Okuda , Kasai Tatsuro , Onodera Kentaro , Kuwahara Masayasu , Oka Masahiro , Yoneda Yoshihiro , Obika Satoshi
Published: May 2018

We generated Ebola virus protein 24 binding aptamers that have the ability to antagonize its protein–protein interaction.
Regioselective 5-exo-dig oxy-cyclization of 2-alkynylbenzamide for the synthesis of isobenzofuran-1-imines and isobenzofuran
Authors: Wang Rui-Xiang , Yuan Si-Tian , Liu Jin-Biao , Wu Jie , Qiu Guanyinsheng
Published: May 2018

A TBAB-mediated regioselective radical cyclization of 2-alkynylbenzamide is described herein for the synthesis of isobenzofuran-1-imines. The reactions proceeded smoothly under mild conditions.
Mn-Catalyzed 1,6-conjugate addition/aromatization of para-quinone methides
Authors: Yang Bobin , Yao Wei , Xia Xiao-Feng , Wang Dawei
Published: May 2018

A series of ferrocenyl triazole ligands have been synthesized and characterized, which proved to be effective for the Mn-catalyzed 1,6-conjugate addition/aromatization of para-quinone methides.
Crystal orientation of PEO confined within the nanorod templated by AAO nanochannels
Authors: Liu Chien-Liang , Chen Hsin-Lung
Published: May 2018

Crystallization of PEO in the nanorod templated by AAO nanochannels yielded crystallites with perpendicular or tilt orientation depending on polymer molecular weight, channel diameter and crystallization temperature. These effects were explained by considering the interplay between spatial confinement and nucleation density.
Model‐based Lagrangian multiplier derivation method for depth map coding
Authors: Zheng Ziqi , Huo Juanyan , Li Bingbing , Yang Fuzheng
Published: May 2018

Rate‐distortion optimisation (RDO) is the key technology that is used to choose the optimal coding parameters in video coding. As the Lagrangian multiplier plays a vital role in RDO, a model‐based Lagrangian multiplier derivation method is proposed for depth map coding. This method is based on the analysis of the relationships among the Lagrangian multiplier, the coding distortion, the coding bitrate and the quantisation step. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed method can achieve an average 3.42% bitrate saving compared with the method in HTM 16.0 reference software, and an average 0.41% bitrate saving compared with a state‐of‐art method.
Highly linear combining CMOS PA with AAAC
Authors: Jeong G. , Kang S. , Hong S.
Published: May 2018

A highly linear and efficient CMOS power amplifier (PA) with adaptive auxiliary amplifier control (AAAC) is presented, which makes the common‐gate transistor of an auxiliary amplifier operate in the saturation region for overall output powers. This leads to decrease the AM–PM distortion by reducing the variation of the output susceptance. In addition, the AAAC reduces the current consumption for all power ranges by controlling the auxiliary amplifier. The PA is fully integrated with all matching networks in a 0.18 μm CMOS process. It was measured with an 802.11n 64‐QAM MCS7 signal. It achieved a maximum average power of 19.9 dBm with a power‐added efficiency of 28% under an error‐vector magnitude of −25 dB.
Statistical analysis of audible noise generated by AC corona discharge from single corona sources
Authors: Li Xuebao , Wang Jing , Lu Tiebing , Cui Xiang
Published: May 2018

Time‐domain waveforms of sound pressure pulses generated by alternate current (AC) corona discharge from single corona sources are measured. The pulse amplitude and time interval of sound pressure pulses in positive and negative half cycles are analysed separately due to large differences of the sound pressure pulses in positive and negative half cycles. The influences of instantaneous voltages on the pulse amplitude and time interval are obtained, and statistical distributions of pulse amplitude and time interval are also obtained. Besides, empirical formulas of the pulse amplitude and time interval are derived by numerical fitting method. Based on the statistical results, stochastic simulation of the sound pressure pulses is conducted, and the validity of the simulated results is given by comparing the frequency‐domain results and A‐weighted sound pressure level (SPL) with the measured ones. Finally, the stochastic simulation method is used to discuss modulating influence of AC voltage on the tones emission from AC corona discharge. Besides, the influence of the measurement time on the resultant SPL is also discussed on the basis of the stochastic model. In order to insure the SPL independent of the measurement time, the measurement time should be larger than 0.2 s.
Inter‐turn short‐circuit assessment of DC motor used in railway locomotive
Authors: Kar Ray Debopoma , Chattopadhyay Surajit , DasSharma Kaushik , Sengupta Samarjit
Published: May 2018

This study deals with inter‐turn short‐circuit assessment of DC traction motors used in railway locomotives. This has been done by analysing input current spectra of rectifier unit feeding the traction motor. The analysis includes multi‐resolution analysis and discrete wavelet transform (DWT) of current spectra to calculate approximate and detailed coefficients and then to evaluate the skewness, kurtosis and root mean square values. Variation of those values with respect to percentage of inter‐turn short circuit at different DWT decomposition levels has been observed. A number of curves have been chosen for fault assessment based on the observations. Deviations from normal condition have also been observed by logic matrix. Depending on the features obtained, normal and different percentages of short in the traction motor windings have been classified and an algorithm has been proposed accordingly. Case study has been carried out on Indian WAP4 locomotive, wherein the input current to the rectifiers has been analysed and efficacy of the proposed algorithm has been validated. If for the locomotives, these parameters are monitored, percentage of inter‐turn short circuit in the winding may be assessed far before massive system degradation occurs.
Improving radiation performance of extremely truncated RCAs through near‐field analysis
Authors: Baba Affan A. , Hashmi Raheel H. , Esselle Karu P. , Weily Andrew R.
Published: May 2018

This paper studies the cause of low‐broadside directivity and high sidelobe levels (SLLs) in compact resonant‐cavity antennas (RCAs) (footprint ). An approach to determine an optimal near‐field distribution to significantly improve the broadside directivity and SLL of RCAs is presented. A near‐field to far‐field transformation routine developed in MATLAB is used to study the individual effects of amplitude and phase distributions, above the partially reflecting superstrate (PRS) of RCAs. Unlike the direct use of a full‐wave simulator design, this new approach allows the designers to understand the individual effects of amplitude and phase distributions in the radiating near‐field region, on the broadside directivity and on the SLL in the far‐field radiation pattern. A method to realise a desired complex near‐field distribution is demonstrated, using a dielectric PRS. The RCA with the new PRS showed a significant improvement of 5.0 and 6.4 dB in the broadside directivity and SLL, respectively, compared with a uniform PRS without compromising the footprint and profile of the antenna. The predictions of MATLAB are validated using computer simulation technology (CST) microwave studio (MWS) and experiments
Influence of electromagnetic forces in the gaps of a protective CT
Authors: Suassuna de Andrade Ferreira Regelii , Fernandes de Araujo Jalberth , Andrade Filipe L.M. , Costa Edson G. , Guerra Francisco C.F.
Published: May 2018

Two of the main problems studied in protective current transformers (CTs) are the saturation and residual flux in the ferromagnetic core. To minimise the effects of high saturation levels and residual flux, a gapped core CT can be employed. Although solving both issues, research reports that the introduction of gaps in the ferromagnetic core can develop into a mechanical fragility when compared with a closed core. However, the fragility is not proven in the research. To investigate the mechanical fragility of a gapped core CT, this research aims to verify the influence of the electromagnetic forces in the gap borders of a protective CT under a short‐circuit condition. The influence was verified in three different gap lengths: 8, 16 and 24 mm. On the basis of the results, the electromagnetic forces in the gap borders of a protective CT did not influence the CT response.
Electrostatic field features on the shortest interelectrode path and a SVR model for breakdown voltage prediction of rod–plane air gaps
Authors: Qiu Zhibin , Ruan Jiangjun , Xu Wenjie , Wang Xuezong , Huang Daochun
Published: May 2018

Electrostatic field distribution has a decisive influence on the strength of air insulation. To predict air‐gap breakdown voltages according to electric field calculation results, a set of electrostatic field features is defined on the shortest interelectrode path of the rod–plane gap. These features are taken as the input parameters of a machine learning model established by support vector regression (SVR), thus to describe their relationships with the output breakdown voltage. Trained by small‐sample data randomly selected according to the distribution ranges of the electric field non‐uniform coefficient, the SVR model is applied to predict the breakdown voltages of rod–plane gaps with the rod diameter of 20, 25 and 30 mm, and the gap distance ranging from 1 to 9 cm. The predicted results agree well with the experimental data, while the mean absolute percentage errors of the six predictions are within 2.5%. Furthermore, the Φ27 mm rod–plane gap breakdown voltages are also predicted, and the results fall in the range between those of Φ25 and Φ30 mm rod–plane gaps, which conform to the actual law. The results validate the validity of the electrostatic field features and the generalisation performance of the SVR model.
Ultra-high-energy cosmic rays and neutrinos from tidal disruptions by massive black holes
Authors: Guépin Claire , Kotera Kumiko , Barausse Enrico , Fang Ke , Murase Kohta
Published: May 2018

Tidal disruptions are extremely powerful phenomena that have been designated as candidate sources of ultra-high-energy cosmic rays. The disruption of a star by a black hole can naturally provide protons and heavier nuclei, which can be injected and accelerated to ultra-high energies within a jet. Inside the jet, accelerated nuclei are likely to interact with a dense photon field, leading to a significant production of neutrinos and secondary particles. We model numerically the propagation and interactions of high-energy nuclei in jetted tidal disruption events in order to evaluate consistently their signatures in cosmic rays and neutrinos. We propose a simple model of the light curve of tidal disruption events, consisting of two stages: a high state with bright luminosity and short duration and a medium state, less bright and longer lasting. These two states have different impacts on the production of cosmic rays and neutrinos. In order to calculate the diffuse fluxes of cosmic rays and neutrinos, we model the luminosity function and redshift evolution of jetted tidal disruption events. We find that we can fit the latest ultra-high-energy cosmic-ray spectrum and composition results of the Auger experiment for a range of reasonable parameters. The diffuse neutrino flux associated with this scenario is found to be subdominant, but nearby events can be detected by IceCube or next-generation detectors such as IceCube-Gen2.
Spatially resolved spectroscopy across stellar surfaces
Authors: Dravins Dainis , Gustavsson Martin , Ludwig Hans-Günter
Published: May 2018

Context. Spectroscopy across spatially resolved stellar surfaces reveals spectral line profiles free from rotational broadening, whose gradual changes from disk center toward the stellar limb reflect an atmospheric fine structure that is possible to model by 3D hydrodynamics.

Aims. Previous studies of photospheric spectral lines across stellar disks exist for the Sun and HD 209458 (G0 V) and are now extended to the planet-hosting HD 189733A to sample a cooler K-type star and explore the future potential of the method.

Methods. During exoplanet transit, stellar surface portions successively become hidden and differential spectroscopy between various transit phases uncovers spectra of small surface segments temporarily hidden behind the planet. The method was elaborated in Paper I, in which observable signatures were predicted quantitatively from hydrodynamic simulations.

Results. From observations of HD 189733A with the ESO HARPS spectrometer at λ/Δλ~ 115 000, profiles for stronger and weaker Fe I lines are retrieved at several center-to-limb positions, reaching adequate S/N after averaging over numerous similar lines.

Conclusions. Retrieved line profile widths and depths are compared to synthetic ones from models with parameters bracketing those of the target star and are found to be consistent with 3D simulations. Center-to-limb changes strongly depend on the surface granulation structure and much greater line-width variation is predicted in hotter F-type stars with vigorous granulation than in cooler K-types. Such parameters, obtained from fits to full line profiles, are realistic to retrieve for brighter planet-hosting stars, while their hydrodynamic modeling offers previously unexplored diagnostics for stellar atmospheric fine structure and 3D line formation. Precise modeling may be required in searches for Earth-analog exoplanets around K-type stars, whose more tranquil surface granulation and lower ensuing microvariability may enable such detections.
A novel model of mono-crystalline silicon p-n homojunction
Authors: Ma Dayan , Chen NuoFu , Tao Quanli , Xu Jiaran , Bai Yiming , Chen Jikun
Published: May 2018

A novel model for analyzing the conversion efficiency of mono-crystalline silicon solar cells is improved based on the detailed balance principle. The maximum theoretical conversion efficiency of the conventional planar mono-crystalline silicon solar cells has been updated to 27.94% according to the improved model. Furthermore this model is extending to cylindrical coordinates for estimating the radial p-n junction mono-crystalline silicon solar cells. A radial p-n junction mono-crystalline silicon solar cell with the highest conversion efficiency of 32.9% has been designed as that the radius of n-Si core is 1 µm, the radius of the cylinder is 40 µm, and the height of cylinder is 100 µm.
Niveau de consommation en acides gras polyinsaturés de la femme allaitante en France : étude de consommation INCA2 et évolution du contenu en acides gras essentiels du lait maternel de 1997 à 2014
Authors: Vaysse Carole , Simon Noémie , Tressou Jessica , Pasteau Stéphane , Buaud Benjamin , Guesnet Philippe , Couedelo Leslie , Billeaud Claude
Published: June 2018

Les données de consommation en acides gras polyinsaturés (AGPI) de la femme allaitante sont rares bien qu’essentielles pour évaluer le niveau d’apport en acides gras du nourrisson et éventuellement orienter la mère vers une alimentation adaptée voire vers une supplémentation en acides gras essentiels. Les données INCA 2 concernant les femmes allaitantes ont été combinées aux données de composition nutritionnelle des aliments de la base de données Ciqual 2013 pour évaluer leurs apports en acides gras. Bien qu’il s’agisse d’un échantillon limité d’individus enquêtés il y a 12 ans, ces données restent malgré tout intéressantes à analyser et à comparer aux recommandations actuelles de l’Anses. Elles montrent que la consommation en AGPI n-3 n’est pas suffisante au regard des recommandations. Par ailleurs, il a été démontré que la composition en acides gras du lait maternel est un marqueur reconnu de la consommation des lipides alimentaires et un bon reflet du niveau de consommation des AGPI n-6 et n-3. Or, les données épidémiologiques relatives à la quantité et à la qualité des lipides consommés en France sont rares. Dans le cadre de différentes études cliniques conduites sur le lait maternel, l’ITERG a pu ainsi estimer l’évolution des habitudes alimentaires des Français depuis près de 17 ans. Un travail de synthèse a repris l’ensemble des données acquises au cours de 4 études cliniques menées entre 1997 et 2014. Cette synthèse a mis en évidence une évolution positive des proportions en AGPI n-3 en 17 ans (1997–2014). Toutefois, les proportions d’acide alpha-linolénique (ALA) et d’acide docosahexaénoïque (DHA) dans le lait maternel restent en deçà des recommandations nutritionnelles pour le nouveau-né.
Influence of controllable lead time, premium price, and unequal shipments under environmental effects in a supply chain management
Authors: Ganguly Baishakhi , Sarkar Biswajit , Sarkar Mitali , Pareek Sarla , Omair Muhammad
Published: May 2018

Recently, carbon emission becomes a major issue during transportation of products from one player to another player. Due to the increasing number of single-setup-multi-delivery (SSMD) policies by several industries, fixed and variable transportation cost and carbon emission cost are considered. The aim of the model is to reduce the total cost of supply chain for controlling the lead time and to diminish setup cost by a discrete investment. A premium cost is introduced and Stackelberg game policy is employed to obtain the analytical solution. Some numerical examples are given to validate the model. Sensitivity analysis and managerial insights are given to show the applicability of the model. Finally, the outcomes show that the model minimizes the optimum cost at the optimal values of the decision variables. It is found that the total cost is minimized when the multi-buyer is leader and vendor is follower.
Fleet management for autonomous vehicles: Online PDP under special constraints
Authors: Bsaybes Sahar , Quilliot Alain , Wagler Annegret K.
Published: May 2018

The VIPAFLEET project consists in developing models and algorithms for managing a fleet of Individual Public Autonomous Vehicles (VIPA). Hereby, we consider a fleet of cars distributed at specified stations in an industrial area to supply internal transportation, where the cars can be used in different modes of circulation (tram mode, elevator mode, taxi mode). One goal is to develop and implement suitable algorithms for each mode in order to satisfy all the requests under an economic point of view by minimizing the total tour length. The innovative idea and challenge of the project is to develop and install a dynamic fleet management system that allows the operator to switch between the different modes within the different periods of the day according to the dynamic transportation demands of the users. We model the underlying online transportation system and propose a corresponding fleet management framework, to handle modes, demands and commands. We consider two modes of circulation, tram and elevator mode, propose for each mode appropriate online algorithms and evaluate their performance, both in terms of competitive analysis and practical behavior.
Bounds for signed double Roman k-domination in trees
Authors: Yang Hong , Wu Pu , Nazari-Moghaddam Sakineh , Sheikholeslami Seyed Mahmoud , Zhang Xiaosong , Shao Zehui , Tang Yuan Yan
Published: May 2018

Let k ≥ 1 be an integer and G be a simple and finite graph with vertex set V(G). A signed double Roman k-dominating function (SDRkDF) on a graph G is a function f:V(G) → {−1,1,2,3} such that (i) every vertex v with f(v) = −1 is adjacent to at least two vertices assigned a 2 or to at least one vertex w with f(w) = 3, (ii) every vertex v with f(v) = 1 is adjacent to at least one vertex w with f(w) ≥ 2 and (iii) ∑u∈N[v]f(u) ≥ k holds for any vertex v. The weight of a SDRkDF f is ∑u∈V(G) f(u), and the minimum weight of a SDRkDF is the signed double Roman k-domination number γksdR(G) of G. In this paper, we investigate the signed double Roman k-domination number of trees. In particular, we present lower and upper bounds on γksdR(T) for 2 ≤ k ≤ 6 and classify all extremal trees.
Information, éducation du patient et littératie en santé : un rôle à jouer pour les bibliothécaires/documentalistes en France ?
Authors: de Andrade Vincent , Margat Aurore , Verheye Jean-Charles , Gagnayre Rémi
Published: May 2018

La politique de santé de plusieurs pays, dont les États-Unis, incite fortement les bibliothèques publiques à soutenir l’information et l’éducation du patient. La prise en compte de la littératie en santé des populations est un enjeu majeur. S’il existe des initiatives en France, celles-ci n’ont pas l’ampleur des expériences internationales. Pourtant, rien n’empêcherait qu’au sein des bibliothèques, les bibliothécaires/documentalistes favorisent auprès de la population des apprentissages en santé. Une réflexion nous semble nécessaire pour concevoir, en France, l’implication des bibliothécaires/documentalistes dans ce but.
Reconstruction of Knee Defects Using Pedicled Gastrocnemius Muscle Flap with Split-Thickness Skin Grafting: A Single Surgeon's Experience with 21 Patients
Authors: Kilic Ali , Denney Brad , de la Torre Jorge
Published: May 2018

Generally, reconstruction of knee defects with exposed bone, joint, tendon, and/or hardware requires a vascularized muscle flap for coverage. Although there are several surgical options for a knee defect reconstruction, the pedicled gastrocnemius muscle still remains the workhorse flap. Although this flap is commonly used for knee defect reconstruction and the technique is described very well, there is an absence of information in the literature detailing the technique of harvesting and insetting of the gastrocnemius flap step by step with illustrations. The purpose of this article is to describe in detail the technique to reconstruct defects of the knee with pedicled gastrocnemius muscle flap as well as to present demographics and surgical results of 21 patients who had knee reconstruction with a pedicled gastrocnemius muscle flap and split-thickness skin grafting.
Quality and Variability of Online Physical Therapy Protocols for Isolated Meniscal Repairs
Authors: Trofa David P. , Parisien Robert L. , Noticewala Manish S. , Noback Peter C. , Ahmad Christopher S. , Moutzouros Vasilios , Makhni Eric C.
Published: May 2018

The ideal meniscal repair postoperative rehabilitation protocol has yet to be determined. Further, patients are attempting to access health care content online at a precipitously increasing rate given the efficiency of modern search engines. The purpose of this investigation was to assess the quality and variability of meniscal repair rehabilitation protocols published online with the hypothesis that there would be a high degree of variability found across available protocols. To this end, Web-based meniscal repair physical therapy protocols from U.S. academic orthopaedic programs as well as the first 10 protocols identified by the Google search engine for the term “meniscal repair physical therapy protocol” were reviewed and assessed via a custom scoring rubric. Twenty protocols were identified from 155 U.S. academic orthopaedic programs for a total of 30 protocols. Twenty-six protocols (86.6%) recommended immediate postoperative bracing. Twelve (40.0%) protocols permitted immediate weight-bearing as tolerated (WBAT) postoperatively, while the remaining protocols permitted WBAT at an average of 4.0 (range, 1–7) weeks. There was considerable variation in range of motion (ROM) goals, with most protocols (73.3%) initiating immediate passive ROM to 90°. The types and timing of strength, proprioception, agility, and pivoting exercises advised were extremely diverse. Only five protocols (16.7%) employed functional testing as a marker for return to athletics. The results of this study indicate that only a minority of academic orthopaedic programs publish meniscal repair physical therapy protocols online and that within the most readily available online protocols there are significant disparities in regards to brace use, ROM, weight-bearing, and strengthening and proprioception exercises. These discrepancies reflect the fact that the best rehabilitation practices after a meniscal repair have yet to be elucidated. This represents a significant area for improved patient care through standardization.
Proposal for Modification of Cahan's Criteria Utilizing Molecular Genetic Analyses for Cases without Baseline Histopathology: A Unique Method Applicable to Primary Radiosurgery
Authors: Rusheen Aaron , Smadbeck James , Schimmenti Lisa , Klee Eric , Link Michael , Vasmatzis George , Carlson Matthew
Published: May 2018

Background Cahan's criteria have been utilized since 1948 to establish causality between prior radiation treatment and the development of secondary malignancy. One major criterion specifies that histological and radiographic evidence collected before and after radiation treatment must confirm separate tumor types; however, pretreatment biopsy is rarely obtained prior to radiosurgery for vestibular schwannoma and many other skull base and cranial lesions. Therefore, in these cases Cahan's criteria cannot be validly applied.

Objective This article proposes an update to Cahan's criteria using modern molecular genetic analysis for cases lacking baseline histopathology.

Methods Mate-pair sequencing and whole exome sequencing of a cerebellopontine angle undifferentiated high-grade pleomorphic sarcoma (UHGPS) that developed after stereotactic radiosurgery of a presumed benign vestibular schwannoma.

Results Mate-pair sequencing and whole exome sequencing of the sarcoma revealed complex chromosomal aberrations. Notably, the tumor contained a deletion in the NF2 gene at 22q12 and an in-frame deletion on exon 5 of the remaining copy of NF2. Biallelic events impacting NF2 are atypical for UHGPS but are characteristic for vestibular schwannoma. These findings help support the conclusion that the UHGPS arose from a benign vestibular schwannoma all along.

Conclusions Next-generation sequencing can be successfully applied to a radiation-induced sarcoma when both the original and malignant tumors harbor separate signature genetic markers. As our understanding of the genetic profile of various tumors expand, we believe that next-generation sequencing and other genomic tools will play an increasingly important role in establishing causality between radiation and the development of secondary malignancy.
Sonographic Evaluation of the Anterolateral Ligament of the Knee: A Cadaveric Study
Authors: Zappia Marcello , Oliva Francesco , Chianca Vito , Di Pietto Francesco , Maffulli Nicola
Published: May 2018

Rotational stability of the knee involves not only the cruciate ligaments but also another structure named anterolateral ligament (ALL), the function of which is still controversial. This study evaluated the effectiveness of high-resolution ultrasound (US) examination to detect the ALL. We studied 8 cadaveric knees (8 ALLs). On each knee, high-resolution real-time ultrasonography examination was performed by an experienced musculoskeletal radiologist before and after the procedure, with the surgeons blind to the results of the scan both before and after dissection. The ALL was identified in each cadaver limb by the musculoskeletal radiologist. US is a useful imaging modality to identify and evaluate the ALL. The ability of US to fully evaluate injuries involving the ALL still needs to be demonstrated in a clinical setting.
Das geschwollene Knie
Authors: Bastian H. , Jagielski M. W. , Arens S. , Feist E.
Published: June 2018

Das geschwollene Kniegelenk ist in der orthopädischen und rheumatologischen Praxis vergleichsweise häufig anzutreffen. Betroffene Patienten erleben eine erhebliche Einschränkung ihrer Lebensqualität und Produktivität. Auf der einen Seite ist das Kniegelenk aufgrund seines anatomischen Aufbaus und seiner Funktion anfällig für Verschleiß und Verletzung, zum anderen ist es, unabhängig von degenerativen Veränderungen und traumatischen Ereignissen, häufig von entzündlichen Erkrankungen betroffen. In Abhängigkeit von z. B. Alter des Patienten, Beginn und Dauer der Beschwerden kommen eine Reihe von Diagnosen in Betracht. Dieser Artikel widmet sich schwerpunktmäßig der Differenzialdiagnostik von Kniegelenksschwellungen und beschreibt die typischen
Combined metallic nano-rings and solid-immersion lenses for bright emission from single InAs/GaAs quantum dots
Authors: Trojak Oliver Joe , Woodhead Christopher , Park Suk-In , Song Jin Dong , Young Robert James , Sapienza Luca
Published: May 2018

Solid-state single-photon emitters are key components for integrated quantum photonic devices. However, they can suffer from poor extraction efficiencies, caused by the large refractive index contrast between the bulk material they are embedded in and air: this results in a small fraction (that can be as low as ∼0.1%) of the emitted photons reaching free-space collection optics. To overcome this issue, we present a device that combines a metallic nano-ring, positioned on the sample surface and centered around the emitter, and an epoxy-based super-solid immersion lens, deposited above the ring devices. We show that the combined broadband lensing effect of the nano-ring and the super-solid immersion lens significantly increases the extraction of light emitted by single InAs/GaAs quantum dots into free space: we observe cumulative enhancements that allow us to estimate photon fluxes on the first collecting lens approaching 1 × 106 counts per second, from a single quantum dot in bulk. The combined broad-band enhancement in the extraction of light can be implemented with any kind of classical and quantum solid-state emitter and opens the path to the realisation of scalable bright devices. The same approach can also be implemented to improve the absorption of light, for instance, for small-area broadband photo-detectors.