bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
AHP-Ideal Point Model for Large Underground Petroleum Storage Site Selection: An Engineering Application
Authors: Li Zhiqiang , Xue Yiguo , Qiu Daohong , Xu Zhenhao , Zhang Xueliang , Zhou Binghua , Wang Xintong
Published: December 2017

Scientific site selection can significantly reduce construction risk and cost during construction of underground petroleum storage. Based on the analytic hierarchy process (AHP) theory and ideal point theory, a new site selection model for large underground petroleum storage is established in this paper. Nine indicators are selected as evaluation indices, including joint development, natural water-sealed condition, rock mass strength, in situ stress, environmental ecological vulnerability, regional stability, technical and economic conditions, topography, and meteorological conditions. Based on AHP theory, the weight of each evaluation index is determined. Secondly, the positive and negative ideal solutions of these evaluation indices are determined using ideal point theory. The ideal point evaluation function of each evaluation index is built to calculate the degree of closeness for the evaluation samples. Finally, the accuracy of the model is verified by using the model to evaluate the first underground petroleum storage project in China. The results show that the first six indicators are main controlling factors, and the sum of their weight is 88.3%. The result of the evaluation site level is good (II), which is suitable for construction. Moreover, the feasibility and accuracy of the evaluation criteria, and evaluation method is verified after cooperation with the power coefficient method and expert evaluation method. The research results can provide some references to the site selection of similar key projects.
The Involvement of Future Generations in the Circular Economy Paradigm: An Empirical Analysis on Aluminium Packaging Recycling in Spain
Authors: Buil Pilar , Roger-Loppacher Olga , Selvam Rejina , Prieto-Sandoval Vanessa
Published: December 2017

The European circular economy action plan, launched in 2015 includes a group of measures aligned with the 3r principles. To meet recycling goals, valuable materials such as aluminium must have packaging that helps to increase their recycling rate above the current 45.6%. This recycling rate could be improved with the help of current consumers and the education of future generations. In this way, the aim of this study is to prove the positive effects of childhood education in the circular economy by teaching sustainable practices in the case of aluminium packaging recycling. The study was conducted in the form of a survey, with data being gathered via questionnaires carried out “pre” and “post” workshop in schools of different regions of Spain in students between 8 and 12 years old. This study provides an exciting opportunity to advance our knowledge of the use of workshops to increase children’s knowledge, awareness, and intention of recycling.
Water Experts’ Perception of Risk for New and Unfamiliar Water Projects
Authors: Kosovac Anna , Hurlimann Anna , Davidson Brian
Published: December 2017

In the context of a changing urban environment and increasing demand due to population growth, alternative water sources must be explored in order to create future water security. Risk assessments play a pivotal role in the take-up of new and unfamiliar water projects, acting as a decision-making tool for business cases. Perceptions of risk ultimately drive risk assessment processes, therefore providing insight into understanding projects that proceed and those that do not. Yet there is limited information on the risk perceptions water professionals have of new and unfamiliar water projects. In this study, 77 water professionals were surveyed from across the Melbourne metropolitan water industry to examine risk perceptions over a range of different, unfamiliar water projects. The qualitative data was thematically analysed, resulting in a number of risk perception factors for each hypothetical project. Risk factors that recurred most frequently are those that relate to community backlash and to the reputation of the organisation. These social risk perceptions occurred more frequently than other more technical risks, such as operational risks and process-related risks. These results were at odds with the existing literature assessing risk perceptions of business-as-usual projects, which presented cost as the key risk attribute. This study sheds light on the perceived nature of new and unfamiliar processes in the water sector, providing an understanding that public perceptions do matter to experts involved in water infrastructure decision-making.
Water Use and Conservation on a Free-Stall Dairy Farm
Authors: Le Riche Etienne , VanderZaag Andrew , Burtt Stephen , Lapen David , Gordon Robert
Published: December 2017

Livestock watering can represent as much as 20% of total agricultural water use in areas with intensive dairy farming. Due to an increased emphasis on water conservation for the agricultural sector, it is important to understand the current patterns of on-farm water use. This study utilized in situ water meters to measure the year-round on-farm pumped water (i.e., blue water) on a ~419 lactating cow confined dairy operation in Eastern Ontario, Canada. The average total water use for the farm was 90,253 ± 15,203 L day−1 and 33,032 m3 annually. Water use was divided into nutritional water (68%), parlour cleaning and operation (14%), milk pre-cooling (15%), barn cleaning, misters and other uses (3%). There was a positive correlation between total monthly water consumption (i.e., nutritional water) and average monthly temperature for lactating cows, heifers, and calves (R2 = 0.69, 0.84, and 0.85, respectively). The blue water footprint scaled by milk production was 6.19 L kg−1 milk or 6.41 L kg−1 fat-and-protein corrected milk (FPCM) including contributions from all animal groups and 5.34 L kg−1 milk (5.54 L kg−1 FPCM) when excluding the water consumption of non-lactating animals. By applying theoretical water conservation scenarios we show that a combination of strategies (air temperature reduction, complete recycling of milk-cooling water, and modified cow preparation protocol) could achieve a savings of 6229 m3 annually, a ~19% reduction in the total annual water use.
Groundwater Flow Determination Using an Interval Parameter Perturbation Method
Authors: Dong Guiming , Tian Juan , Zhan Hongbin , Liu Rengyang
Published: December 2017

Groundwater flow simulation often inevitably involves uncertainty, which has been quantified by a host of methods including stochastic methods and statistical methods. Stochastic methods and statistical methods face great difficulties in applications. One of such difficulties is that the statistical characteristics of random variables (such as mean, variance, covariance, etc.) must be firstly obtained before the stochastic methods can be applied. The dilemma is that one is often unclear about such statistical characteristics, given the limited available data. To overcome the problems met by stochastic methods, this study provides an innovative approach in which the hydrogeological parameters and sources and sinks of groundwater flow are represented by bounded but uncertain intervals of variables called interval of uncertainty variables (IUVs) and this approach is namely the interval uncertain method (IUM). IUM requires only the maximum and minimum values of the variable. By utilizing the natural interval expansion, an interval-based parametric groundwater flow equation is established, and the solution of that equation can be found. Using a hypothetical steady-state flow case as an example, one can see that when the rate of change is less than 0.2, the relative error of this method is generally limited to less than 5%; when the rate of change is less than 0.3, the relative error of this method can be kept within 10%. This research shows that the proposed method has smaller relative errors and higher computational efficiency than the Monte Carlo methods. It is possible to use this method to analyze the uncertainties of groundwater flow when it is difficult to obtain the statistical characteristics of the hydrogeological systems. The proposed method is applicable in linear groundwater flow system. Its validity in nonlinear flow systems such as variably saturated flow or unconfined flow with considerable variation of water table will be checked in the future.
Effect of Sediment Accumulation on Best Management Practice (BMP) Stormwater Runoff Volume Reduction Performance for Roadways
Authors: Osouli Abdolreza , Bloorchian Azadeh Akhavan , Nassiri Sina , Marlow Scott
Published: December 2017

Best management practices (BMPs) are commonly used to reduce the adverse effects of post-construction runoff. BMP deterioration happens over time when these age and the infiltration rate decreases as a result of sediment accumulation. The objective of this paper was to investigate the effect of sediment accumulation on BMP stormwater runoff volume reduction performances. The BMPs studied included a bioswale and an infiltration trench. To undertake this research, both field tests and numerical simulations were conducted under five different and single rainfall events with a wide range of intensities and duration. The minimal sediment accumulation of 0.22 kg/m2·year was considered in this study. Three different sedimentation accumulation configurations (i.e., new, 2-year-old, and 10-year-old BMPs) were considered. According to the results, the infiltration trench had 100% runoff reduction efficiency in all conditions including high-intensity rain and 10-year-old BMP age. The performance of the bioswale for the first 2 and 10 years deteriorated by about 55% and 70%, respectively.
Dry adhesives from carbon nanofibers grown in an open ethanol flame
Authors: Lutz Christian , Syurik Julia , Shyam Kumar C N , Kübel Christian , Bruns Michael , Hölscher Hendrik
Published: December 2017

Based on magnetic-field-assisted growth of carbon nanofibers in an open ethanol flame we fabricated arrays of carbon nanofibers with different degrees of orientation. Inspired by the dry adhesive system of geckos we investigated the adhesive properties of such carbon nanofiber arrays with ordered and random orientation. AFM-based force spectroscopy revealed that adhesion force and energy rise linear with preload force. Carbon nanofibers oriented by a magnetic field show a 68% higher adhesion (0.66 N/cm2) than the randomly oriented fibers. Endurance tests revealed that the carbon nanofiber arrays withstand 50.000 attachment/detachment cycles without observable wear.
Levels of Music Played by Caucasian and Filipino Musicians with and without Conventional and Musicians’ Earplugs
Authors: Rawool Vishakha , Buñag Roraine
Published: December 2017

Background:Some musicians may play the music louder while using earplugs thus reducing the effectiveness of the hearing protection offered by earplugs. In addition, the dynamic range (DR) of the music may be altered because of the use of earplugs with negative impact on perceived
quality of music. There are some cultural differences in attitudes toward loudness, which may lead to differences in the loudness of music played by musicians from different cultures.Purpose:To investigate the effect of the use of two different types of earplugs on the loudness and
DR of music played by musicians of Caucasian and Filipino origins.Research Design:Quasi-experimental repeated measures design.Study Sample:Thirty six musicians with normal hearing within the age range of 18‐49 yr. Fifteen were of Caucasian (eight men and 7 women) origin
and 21 were of the Filipino (nine men and 12 women) origin.Intervention:All participants received a brief educational session, which included information on music-induced hearing loss, the benefit of using earplugs, and the correct procedures for inserting and removing earplugs. They
played music in five different conditions (three min each): Trial 1 of conventional and musicians’ earplugs in random order, no earplug, and trial 2 of conventional and musicians’ earplugs in random order.Data Collection and Analysis:Maximum, minimum, average (average sound
level measured over the measurement period; LAVG), and peak levels were recorded using a dosimeter while playing music in each of the five conditions. The DR was derived by subtracting the minimum values from the maximum values. A different measure of the dynamic range 2 (DR2) was derived
by subtracting the LAVG value from the peak value. Mixed analyses of variance (ANOVA) (Cultural origin and Gender as nonrepeated variables) was performed on LAVG, DR, and DR2.Results:Based on the LAVG levels yielded by them, 42‐61% of the musicians may be at risk for hearing
loss. The mixed ANOVA revealed some main effects of culture and some significant interactions involving cultural origin, the plug conditions, type of earplugs, and trial number.Conclusions:Use of earplugs may vary the overall loudness of music, the DR, or the DR2 in some musicians depending
on the type of earplugs and cultural origin, and the effect may change with practice.
The Power of Simultaneous Multi-frequency Observations for mm-VLBI: Beyond Frequency Phase Transfer
Authors: Zhao Guang-Yao , Algaba Juan Carlos , Lee Sang Sung , Jung Taehyun , Dodson Richard , Rioja María , Byun Do-Young , Hodgson Jeffrey , Kang Sincheol , Kim Dae-Won , Kim Jae-Young , Kim Jeong-Sook , Kim Soon-Wook , Kino Motoki , Miyazaki Atsushi , Park Jong-Ho , Trippe Sascha , Wajima Kiyoaki
Published: December 2017

Atmospheric propagation effects at millimeter wavelengths can significantly alter the phases of radio signals and reduce the coherence time, putting tight constraints on high-frequency Very Long Baseline Interferometry (VLBI) observations. In previous works, it has been shown that non-dispersive (e.g., tropospheric) effects can be calibrated with the frequency phase transfer (FPT) technique. The coherence time can thus be significantly extended. Ionospheric effects, which can still be significant, remain however uncalibrated after FPT as well as the instrumental effects. In this work, we implement a further phase transfer between two FPT residuals (i.e., so-called FPT-square) to calibrate the ionospheric effects based on their frequency dependence. We show that after FPT-square, the coherence time at 3 mm can be further extended beyond 8 hr and the residual phase errors can be sufficiently canceled by applying the calibration of another source, which can have a large angular separation from the target (

) and significant temporal gaps. Calibrations for all-sky distributed sources with a few calibrators are also possible after FPT-square. One of the strengths and uniqueness of this calibration strategy is the suitability for high-frequency all-sky survey observations including very weak sources. We discuss the introduction of a pulse calibration system in the future to calibrate the remaining instrumental effects, allowing the possibility of imaging the source structure at high frequencies with FPT-square, where all phases are fully calibrated without involving any additional sources.
Resolving the Internal Structure of Circumgalactic Medium Using Gravitationally Lensed Quasars*
,
†
Authors: Koyamada Suzuka , Misawa Toru , Inada Naohisa , Oguri Masamune , Kashikawa Nobunari , Okoshi Katsuya
Published: December 2017

We study the internal structure of the circumgalactic medium (CGM), using 29 spectra of 13 gravitationally lensed quasars with image separation angles of a few arcseconds, which correspond to 100 pc to 10 kpc in physical distances. After separating metal absorption lines detected in the spectra into high ions with ionization parameter (IP) > 40 eV and low ions with IP < 20 eV, we find that (i) the fraction of absorption lines that are detected in only one of the lensed images is larger for low ions (∼16%) than high ions (∼2%), (ii) the fractional difference of equivalent widths (

) between the lensed images is almost the same (

∼ 0.2) for both groups although the low ions have a slightly larger variation, and (iii) weak low-ion absorbers tend to have larger

compared to weak high-ion absorbers. We construct simple models to reproduce these observed properties and investigate the distribution of physical quantities such as size and location of absorbers, using some free parameters. Our best models for absorbers with high ions and low ions suggest that (i) an overall size of the CGM is at least ∼500 kpc, (ii) a size of spherical clumpy cloud is ∼1 kpc or smaller, and (iii) only high-ion absorbers can have a diffusely distributed homogeneous component throughout the CGM. We infer that a high ionization absorber distributes almost homogeneously with a small-scale internal fluctuation, while a low ionization absorber consists of a large number of small-scale clouds in the diffusely distributed higher ionized region. This is the first result to investigate the internal small-scale structure of the CGM, based on the large number of gravitationally lensed quasar spectra.
Safety and Efficacy of Golimumab Administered Intravenously in Adults with Ankylosing Spondylitis: Results through Week 28 of the GO-ALIVE Study
Authors: Deodhar Atul , Reveille John D. , Harrison Diane D. , Kim Lilianne , Lo Kim Hung , Leu Jocelyn H. , Hsia Elizabeth C.
Published: December 2017

Objective.

To evaluate the safety and efficacy of intravenous golimumab (GOL) in patients with active ankylosing spondylitis (AS).

Methods.

In a phase III, randomized, double-blind, placebo (PBO)-controlled trial, 208 patients were randomized (1:1) to intravenous (IV) infusions of GOL 2 mg/kg (n = 105) at weeks 0, 4, 12, and every 8 weeks, or PBO (n = 103) at weeks 0, 4, and 12, with crossover to GOL at Week 16. The primary endpoint was ≥ 20% improvement from baseline in the Assessment of Spondyloarthritis International Society Criteria (ASAS20) at Week 16. Secondary endpoints included ASAS40, ≥ 50% improvement in the Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Disease Activity Index (BASDAI50), and change in the Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Functional Index (BASFI) at Week 16. Safety was monitored through Week 28.

Results.

Significantly greater proportions of GOL-treated patients had ASAS20 response at Week 2 (37.1% vs 19.4%; p = 0.005) and at Week 16 (73.3% vs 26.2%; p < 0.001). At Week 16, 41.0% of those receiving GOL achieved BASDAI50 compared with 14.6% of those taking PBO (p < 0.001), and the GOL group had greater mean improvement in BASFI (−2.4 vs −0.5; p < 0.001). Through Week 16, 23.3% of patients in the PBO group and 32.4% of patients in the GOL group had ≥ 1 adverse event (AE); infections being the commonest type of AE. Through Week 28, two GOL-treated patients had a serious AE.

Conclusion.

GOL 2 mg/kg administered IV at weeks 0, 4, and every 8 weeks significantly reduced the signs and symptoms of AS in adults. AE were consistent with other antitumor necrosis factor therapies, with no new safety signals (Clinicaltrials.gov: NCT02186873).
Prevalence of Comorbidities and Risk Factors for Comorbidities in Patients with Spondyloarthritis in Latin America: A Comparative Study with the General Population and Data from the ASAS-COMOSPA Study
Authors: Bautista-Molano Wilson , Landewé Robert , Burgos-Vargas Rubén , Maldonado-Cocco José , Moltó Anna , van den Bosch Filip , Valle-Oñate Rafael , Dougados Maxime , van der Heijde Désirée
Published: December 2017

Objective.

Increased risk of comorbidities has been reported in spondyloarthritis (SpA). The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence and risk of developing comorbidities in patients with SpA in 3 Latin American (LA) countries, and to compare that prevalence with the general population.

Methods.

Data were analyzed from 390 patients with SpA enrolled in the Assessment of SpondyloArthritis international Society of Comorbidities in SpA study from Argentina, Colombia, and Mexico. Age- and sex-standardized prevalence (95% CI) was estimated for arterial hypertension (AHT), tuberculosis (TB), and malignancies. Age- and sex-specific data from the general population were obtained from the Cardiovascular Risk Factor Multiple Evaluation in Latin America (CARMELA) study for AHT, the Global TB report, and the GLOBOCAN project for malignancies. Data analyzed for AHT were confined to Colombia and Mexico. The prevalence in patients with SpA was compared with the prevalence in the general population per age- and sex-specific stratum, resulting in standardized risk ratios (SRR).

Results.

In total, 64% of the patients with SpA were male, with a mean age of 45 years (SD 14.7). The most common comorbidities in the 3 LA countries were AHT (25.3%, 95% CI 21.2–30.0), hypercholesterolemia (21.5%, 95% CI 17.6–26.0), and osteoporosis (9.4%, 95% CI 6.8–12.9). AHT prevalence in Colombia and Mexico was 21.4% (95% CI 15.4–28.9) and was higher than the general population (12.5%, 95% CI 11.4–13.7), resulting in an SRR of 1.5. TB prevalence in the 3 LA countries was 3.3% (95% CI 1.8–5.7), which was significantly higher than in the general population (0.32%), leading to an SRR of 10.3. The prevalence of malignancies was not increased.

Conclusion.

Patients with SpA in LA are at increased risk of AHT and TB in comparison to the general population. While this sample of patients may not be entirely representative of the patient population in each country, a systematic evaluation of these comorbidities in all patients with SpA still may help to monitor these conditions better.
Variability in the Reporting of Serum Urate and Flares in Gout Clinical Trials: Need for Minimum Reporting Requirements
Authors: Stamp Lisa K. , Morillon Melanie B. , Taylor William J. , Dalbeth Nicola , Singh Jasvinder A. , Lassere Marissa , Christensen Robin
Published: December 2017

Objective.

To describe the ways in which serum urate (SU) and gout flares are reported in clinical trials, and to propose minimum reporting requirements.

Methods.

This analysis was done as part of a systematic review aiming to validate SU as a biomarker for gout. The ways in which SU and flares were reported were extracted from each study by 2 reviewers.

Results.

A total of 22 studies (10 randomized controlled trials, 3 open-label extension studies, and 9 observational studies) were identified. There were 3 broad categories of SU reporting: percentage at target SU, mean SU, and change in SU. A median of 2 (range 1–3) categories were reported across all studies. The most common method of reporting SU was percentage at target in 17/22 (77.3%) studies, with all studies reporting a target of SU < 6 mg/dl. There were 12/22 (54.5%) studies reporting mean SU at some time after study entry, with 7 (58.3%) of these reporting at more than just the final study visit. Two ways of reporting gout flares were identified: mean flare rate and percentage of participants with flares. There was variability in time periods over which flares rates were reported.

Conclusion.

There is inconsistent reporting of SU and flares in gout studies. Reporting the percentage of participants who achieve a target SU reflects international treatment guidelines. SU should also be reported as a continuous variable with a relevant central and dispersion estimate. Gout flares should be reported as both percentage of participants and mean flare rates at each timepoint.
Dynamique psychique d’un cas de radicalisation
Authors: Germani Stéphanie
Published: December 2017

À partir d’une pratique clinique en centre pénitentiaire, nous entrerons dans les coulisses d’une thérapie de radicalisation. L’article développe la méthode de prise en charge, les éléments qui ont été observés lors de ces entretiens mais aussi une analyse de la dynamique psychique du patient. Ce matériel clinique apportera une réflexion nouvelle concernant ces nouveaux processus contemporains à versants sectaires et religieux. À ce jour, il n’existe aucun témoignage rédactionnel concernant l’accompagnement thérapeutique de sujets radicalisés ayant commis des passages à l’acte. Cette première tentative, telle une ébauche, tente d’apporter de nouvelles considérations théoriques et cliniques corrélées à un nouveau dispositif de soin et de prise en charge auprès de ces profils psychologiques particuliers.
Une conversion au djihadisme... comme tentative de solution à une impasse subjective
Authors: Fraiture Eric
Published: December 2017

Nous étudions ici les paroles d’un jeune homme incarcéré, accusé de participation à une organisation terroriste (djihadiste). Nous abordons ce discours en lui posant, entre autres, les questions suivantes : A quelle forme de subjectivité avons-nous ici affaire ? Quel rapport la subjectivité établit-elle avec une idéologie anonyme – religieuse, politique, militaire ? Ce discours haineux étonne le clinicien par son effacement apparent de toute subjectivité. Néanmoins apparaissent à l’analyse : des traces de séduction effractante ; de dépression précoce ; d’angoisse d’éclatement, de pénétration et de perte de substance ; une pathologie du surmoi ; une défense de type paranoïde. A première vue, l’idéologie semblerait ici ouvrir la rivalité imaginaire déchaînée à une dimension tierce et symbolisante, et ainsi parer à certaines difficultés subjectives. En réalité, la solution idéologique djihadiste échoue dans ce cas, car sur bien des points elle demeure un décalque voire un intensificateur des impasses subjectives dégagées.
(P)rendre la parole
Authors: Sabot Philippe
Published: December 2017

Résumé Cet article propose une réflexion sur la relation entre discours disqualifiants et sujets disqualifiés telle qu’elle se laisse penser à partir de la catégorie de l’infamie que Foucault élabore dans le texte-programme de 1977, « La vie des hommes infâmes ». Nous montrons que les modalités de la construction discursive du sujet sous le double aspect d’un assujettissement et d’une subjectivation correspondent à deux formes possibles de ce que nous nommons des « sujets-limites ». Il s’agit par conséquent d’expliciter tout d’abord cette notion de « sujet-limite » et les formes-sujets différenciées qu’elle permet de déployer avant d’étudier, à partir des dossiers documentaires consacrés à Herculine Barbin et à Pierre Rivière, la manière dont de telles formes permettent de rendre compte de l’articulation de ces sujets à leur audibilité et à leur visibilité sociales.
Briser le silence
Authors: Irrera Orazio , Lorenzini Daniele
Published: December 2017

Résumé Cet article explore la possibilité de faire dialoguer les travaux de James C. Scott sur l'« infrapolitique » et de Michel Foucault sur la parrêsia à partir du problème de la prise de parole. Il s'organise notamment autour de trois questions majeures : la première porte sur les manières dont la prise parole peut (et vise à) tester les limites d'une configuration donnée de rapports de pouvoir ; la deuxième concerne la dimension (éthique) du courage qui est inscrite au c ur de la prise de parole ; la troisième se focalise sur l'exigence, pour toute prise de parole, de se référer à quelque chose comme une « vérité ». À travers la confrontation des perspectives de Scott et Foucault, il s'agit de mettre en lumière deux façons différentes de penser le lien entre les conditions politiques de l'éthique (en tant que travail « ascétique » de soi sur soi) et les conditions éthiques de la politique (en tant que réseau complexe et mobile de rapports de force).
Contribución del Plan de Mercadotecnia Internacional en el desempeño de las organizaciones. Estudio de casos múltiples
Authors: García Hernández Blanca Josefina , Montiel Ávila Adriana Luz María
Published: December 2017

La présente proposition comprend le cas de neuf sociétés situées dans l’État d’Hidalgo, et sont engagés dans diverses activités économiques, pour lesquelles, les étudiants de troisième cycle ont conçu un plan de marketing international, grâce à l’utilisation d’une méthodologie homogène, tenant comte des caractéristiques de chaque entreprise, afin de participer dynamiquement à la solution des problèmes spécifiques des petites et moyennes entreprises au Mexique. Cela conduit à une relation efficace entre universités et entreprises qui permet de réaliser un processus significatif d’enseignement et d’apprentissage.
Métropolisation, intercommunalité et inégalités sociospatiales
Authors: Galimberti Deborah , Pinson Gilles , Sellers Jefferey
Published: December 2017

Résumé Cet article cherche à répondre à deux questions. Quelle est l’intensité des inégalités sociospatiales dans les agglomérations urbaines françaises ? Les politiques publiques contribuent-elles à contenir, à contrarier, ou, à l’inverse, à amplifier ces inégalités ? Concernant la première question, que l’on prenne les écarts entre revenus des ménages ou les écarts entre revenus des communes au sein des communautés urbaines, l’image globale qui ressort de notre analyse est celle de niveaux relativement modérés d’inégalités, si on les compare avec ceux des pays d’Amérique du Nord ou du monde émergent. Toutefois, ces niveaux d’inégalité sont en constante progression. Pour répondre à la seconde question, nous nous sommes intéressés d’une part, aux transferts de l’État puis de manière secondaire, des structures intercommunales vers les communes et d’autre part, à la capacité de dépense des communes. Il appert que les transferts, notamment ceux de l’État, sont fortement corrélés au dénuement de la population d’une commune mais qu’il n’y a pas de corrélation négative entre ce degré de dénuement et la capacité de dépense d’une commune. En revanche, les effets de transferts monétaires intercommunaux restent plus mitigés. On peut donc en conclure qu’en France, les transferts et la dépense publique ont encore un rôle relativement important d’égalisation des conditions de vie d’une commune à l’autre.
« Révolution agricole » au Néolithique proche-oriental : quelle réalité ?
Authors: Douché Carolyne
Published: December 2017

À partir des années 1950, le terme de « Révolution néolithique » a été utilisé pour désigner l’ensemble des changements techniques et sociétaux qui ont eu lieu au Proche Orient ancien. Parmi ceux-ci, la mise en place de l’agriculture a fait l’objet d’un intérêt tout particulier. Néanmoins, depuis une dizaine d’année, le terme de « révolution » est relativisé par le fait que les changements n’ont pas été soudains, mais se sont au contraire déroulés sur un temps relativement long.Les premiers indices de développement de l’agriculture apparaissent au Proche-Orient, au Néolithique acéramique (Xe-VIIe millénaire av. n. è.). A cette période, les sites attestant de la mise en place de pratiques agricoles se multiplient. Parmi les témoins de ces changements, les plantes cultivées - et plus particulièrement les céréales - offrent un aperçu du processus qui se met en place.Ainsi, l’étude archéobotanique de deux sites syriens, Dja’de el-mughara et Tell Aswad, apportent de nouvelles données concernant le « quand ? » et le « comment ? » l’agriculture s’est développée dans la région levantine, et quelles en ont été les conséquences. Ces deux villages agricoles se caractérisent par une occupation continue, au cours de laquelle de nombreux changements techniques et sociétaux sont apparus, parallèlement à la mise en place et à l’évolution de nouvelles stratégies de subsistance. Nous verrons donc quelles ont été les premières plantes utilisées par les populations néolithiques et si les changements de cortèges floristiques reflètent une « r-évolution » des pratiques.
Les bitumes au Proche-Orient ancien du milieu du VIIe au IIIe millénaire av. J.-C. : des marqueurs d’échanges dans les sociétés
Authors: Badel Émilie
Published: December 2017

Les bitumes sont classés en trois catégories : mélanges bitumés réalisés à partir d’un état visqueux de la matière, « mastic de bitume » et asphaltite. Fragments et objets en bitumes façonnés par l’homme ont été découverts sur un grand nombre de sites archéologiques au Proche-Orient ancien. Cet ensemble de matériaux a servi d’imperméabilisant, de colle, de mortier de construction mais aussi à sculpter ou modeler une variété d’objets, et à en colorer d’autres en noir. Les bitumes ont ainsi été utilisés dans de nombreux artisanats : industrie lithique, vannerie, céramique, statuaire, réalisation d’ouvrages architecturaux, batellerie, parure et vaisselle en « mastic de bitume » parmi tant d’autres. Dans les années 1930, la première classification des utilisations fut proposée par Robert J. Forbes (Royal Dutch Shell).Il s’intéressa également à la question essentielle de l’origine des bitumes collectés. Le long de l’arc montagneux du Taurus/Zagros, les sources d’approvisionnement ne sont en effet localisées qu’en quelques zones principales : entre Mossoul et Kirkuk dans les vallées du Tigre et de ses affluents, sur le cours moyen de l’Euphrate à Hit, et dans le sud-ouest iranien (Khuzestan). La perception de ces manifestations d’échanges nécessite l’approche archéométrique. Ce n’est qu’à partir du milieu des années 1980 et grâce à l’utilisation d’outils performants de la géochimie organique que des résultats concluants furent obtenus par Jacques Connan (Elf Aquitaine).Ceux-ci démontrent que les bitumes constituent des marqueurs de l’évolution des échanges à l’échelle régionale et interrégionale. Dès le milieu du VIIe millénaire av. J.-C., il est possible d’éclairer des axes d’échanges en Djézireh sur plusieurs centaines de kilomètres, ainsi que dans le Khuzestan dont les sources approvisionnaient les sites environnants mais aussi celui de Tell el’Oueili en Basse Mésopotamie durant l’Obeid 0 à 2. Durant l’Obeid 3 à 4, ce sont en revanche des bitumes provenant de la vallée du Tigre qui y sont utilisés à l’instar d’autres sites localisés sur le trajet et au-delà de la Basse Mésopotamie dans le Golfe Persique. Les sources d’Hit ne nous apparaissent que durant le Ve millénaire av. J.-C. L’approvisionnement depuis ces sources se développe durant la deuxième moitié du IVe millénaire av. J.-C. et s’intensifie durant le IIIe millénaire av. J.-C. Les textes de la IIIe dynastie d’Ur découverts en Basse Mésopotamie attestent enfin d’un commerce des bitumes à longue distance et fournissent des éléments intéressants sur la variété des bitumes collectés, les valeurs et les modes de transport.
A interdependência das decisões empresariais de investimento e endividamento na América Latina
Authors: Rodrigues Santiago Valcacer , Casagrande Elton Eustáquio , Santos David Ferreira Lopes
Published: December 2017

Este estudo analisa a interdependência das decisões de investimento e endividamento de empresas latino americanas, a partir de um modelo exploratório. O desenvolvimento das teorias de investimento e estrutura de capital das firmas ocorreu de forma dissociada desde os pressupostos estabelecidos por Modigliani e Miller (1958). A abordagem metodológica possui caráter exploratória e descritiva com natureza quantitativa. A amostra compreende informações anuais de 425 empresas entre 2010 e 2013 (1.700 observações) sediadas nos seis principais países da região (Argentina, Brasil, Chile, Colômbia, México e Peru). O modelo empírico baseia-se na Modelagem por Equações Estruturais Longitudinais como estratégia para dimensionar os construtos de investimento e endividamento. Em que pese as limitações do modelo, os resultados demonstram que as decisões de cada uma das dimensões de investimentos e estrutura de capital são interdependentes em cada período do tempo e exercem efeito nas decisões futuras nas respectivas dimensões. Desdobram-se implicações teóricas e profissionais quanto a importância da compreensão e estudo integrado das aplicações e estrutura das fontes de financiamento das firmas e as condições contingenciais em que as mesmas são tomadas.
Metformin Mediates Protection against Legionella Pneumonia through Activation of AMPK and Mitochondrial Reactive Oxygen Species
Authors: Kajiwara Chiaki , Kusaka Yu , Kimura Soichiro , Yamaguchi Tetsuo , Nanjo Yuta , Ishii Yoshikazu , Udono Heiichiro , Standiford Theodore J. , Tateda Kazuhiro
Published: December 2017

In Legionella pneumophila infection, macrophages play a critical role in the host defense response. Metformin, an oral drug for type 2 diabetes, is attracting attention as a new supportive therapy against a variety of diseases, such as cancer and infectious diseases. The novel mechanisms for metformin actions include modulation of the effector functions of macrophages and other host immune cells. In this study, we have examined the effects of metformin on L. pneumophila infection in vitro and in vivo. Metformin treatment suppressed growth of L. pneumophila in a time- and concentration-dependent fashion in bone marrow–derived macrophages, RAW cells (mouse), and U937 cells (human). Metformin induced phosphorylation of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) in L. pneumophila–infected bone marrow–derived macrophages, and the AMPK inhibitor Compound C negated metformin-mediated growth suppression. Also, metformin induced mitochondrial reactive oxygen species but not phagosomal NADPH oxidase–derived reactive oxygen species. Metformin-mediated growth suppression was mitigated in the presence of the reactive oxygen species scavenger glutathione. In a murine L. pneumophila pneumonia model, metformin treatment improved survival of mice, which was associated with a significant reduction in bacterial number in the lung. Similar to in vitro observations, induction of AMPK phosphorylation and mitochondrial ROS was demonstrated in the infected lungs of mice treated with metformin. Finally, glutathione treatment abolished metformin effects on lung bacterial clearance. Collectively, these data suggest that metformin promotes mitochondrial ROS production and AMPK signaling and enhances the bactericidal activity of macrophages, which may contribute to improved survival in L. pneumophila pneumonia.
Ca2+-Dependent Regulation of NFATc1 via KCa3.1 in Inflammatory Osteoclastogenesis
Authors: Grössinger Eva M. , Kang Mincheol , Bouchareychas Laura , Sarin Ritu , Haudenschild Dominik R. , Borodinsky Laura N. , Adamopoulos Iannis E.
Published: December 2017

In inflammatory arthritis, the dysregulation of osteoclast activity by proinflammatory cytokines, including TNF, interferes with bone remodeling during inflammation through Ca2+-dependent mechanisms causing pathological bone loss. Ca2+-dependent CREB/c-fos activation via Ca2+-calmodulin kinase IV (CaMKIV) induces transcriptional regulation of osteoclast-specific genes via NFATc1, which facilitate bone resorption. In leukocytes, Ca2+ regulation of NFAT-dependent gene expression oftentimes involves the activity of the Ca2+-activated K+ channel KCa3.1. In this study, we evaluate KCa3.1 as a modulator of Ca2+-induced NFAT-dependent osteoclast differentiation in inflammatory bone loss. Microarray analysis of receptor activator of NF-κB ligand (RANKL)-activated murine bone marrow macrophage (BMM) cultures revealed unique upregulation of KCa3.1 during osteoclastogenesis. The expression of KCa3.1 in vivo was confirmed by immunofluorescence staining on multinucleated cells at the bone surface of inflamed mouse joints. Experiments on in vitro BMM cultures revealed that KCa3.1−/− and TRAM-34 treatment significantly reduced the expression of osteoclast-specific genes (p < 0.05) alongside decreased osteoclast formation (p < 0.0001) in inflammatory (RANKL+TNF) and noninflammatory (RANKL) conditions. In particular, live cell Ca2+ imaging and Western blot analysis showed that TRAM-34 pretreatment decreased transient RANKL-induced Ca2+ amplitudes in BMMs by ∼50% (p < 0.0001) and prevented phosphorylation of CaMKIV. KCa3.1−/− reduced RANKL+/−TNF-stimulated phosphorylation of CREB and expression of c-fos in BMMs (p < 0.01), culminating in decreased NFATc1 protein expression and transcriptional activity (p < 0.01). These data indicate that KCa3.1 regulates Ca2+-dependent NFATc1 expression via CaMKIV/CREB during inflammatory osteoclastogenesis in the presence of TNF, corroborating its role as a target candidate for the treatment of bone erosion in inflammatory arthritis.
Cutting Edge: CCR2 Is Not Required for Ly6Chi Monocyte Egress from the Bone Marrow but Is Necessary for Migration within the Brain in La Crosse Virus Encephalitis
Authors: Winkler Clayton W. , Woods Tyson A. , Robertson Shelly J. , McNally Kristin L. , Carmody Aaron B. , Best Sonja M. , Peterson Karin E.
Published: December 2017

Inflammatory monocyte (iMO) recruitment to the brain is a hallmark of many neurologic diseases. Prior to entering the brain, iMOs must egress into the blood from the bone marrow through a mechanism, which for known encephalitic viruses, is CCR2 dependent. In this article, we show that during La Crosse Virus-induced encephalitis, egress of iMOs was surprisingly independent of CCR2, with similar percentages of iMOs in the blood and brain of heterozygous and CCR2−/− mice following infection. Interestingly, CCR2 was required for iMO trafficking from perivascular areas to sites of virus infection within the brain. Thus, CCR2 was not essential for iMO trafficking to the blood or the brain but was essential for trafficking within the brain parenchyma. Analysis of other orthobunyaviruses showed that Jamestown Canyon virus also induced CCR2-independent iMO egress to the blood. These studies demonstrate that the CCR2 requirement for iMO egress to the blood is not universal for all viruses.
Kearns-Sayre syndrome with facial and white matter extensive involvement: a (mitochondrial and nuclear gene related?) neurocristopathy?
Authors: Berio Agostino , Piazzi Attilia , Traverso Carlo Enrico
Published: December 2017

The Authors report on a patient with Kearns-Sayre syndrome, large mtDNA deletion (7/kb), facial abnormalities and severe central nervous system (CNS) white matter radiological features, commonly attributed to spongy alterations. The common origin from neural crest cell (NCC) of facial structures (cartilagineous, osseous, vascular and of the peripheral nervous system) and of peripheral glia and partially of the CNS white matter are underlined and the facial and glial abnormalities are attributed to the abnormal reproduction/migration of NCC. In this view, the CNS spongy alterations in KSS may be not only a dystrophic process (leukodystrophy) but also a dysplastic condition (leukodysplasia). The Authors hypothesize that the symptoms may be related to mtDNA mutations associated to NCC nuclear gene abnormality. SOX 10 gene may be a nuclear candidate gene, as reported in some case of Waardenburg IV syndrome.
On compact bicrossed products
Authors: Fima Pierre , Mukherjee Kunal , Patri Issan
Published: December 2017

We make a comprehensive and self-contained study of compact bicrossed products arising from matched pairs of discrete groups and compact groups. We exhibit an automatic regularity property of such a matched pair and describe the representation theory and the fusion rules of the associated bicrossed product

\mathbb G

. We investigate the relative co-property

(T)

and the relative co-Haagerup property of the pair comprising of the compact group and the bicrossed product, discuss property

(T)

and Haagerup property of the discrete dual

\widehat{\mathbb G}

, and review co-amenability of

\mathbb G

as well. We distinguish two such non-trivial compact bicrossed products with relative co-property

(T)

and also provide an infinite family of pairwise non isomorphic non-trivial discrete quantum groups with property

(T)

, the existence of even one of the latter was unknown. Finally, we examine all the properties mentioned above for the crossed product quantum group given by an action by quantum automorphisms of a discrete group on a compact quantum group, and also establish the permanence of rapid decay and weak amenability and provide several explicit examples.
Gerstenhaber brackets on Hochschild cohomology of twisted tensor products
Authors: Grimley Lauren , Nguyen Van C. , Witherspoon Sarah
Published: December 2017

We construct the Gerstenhaber bracket on Hochschild cohomology of a twisted tensor product of algebras, and, as examples, compute Gerstenhaber brackets for some quantum complete intersections arising in the work of Buchweitz, Green, Madsen, and Solberg.We prove that a subalgebra of the Hochschild cohomology ring of a twisted tensor product, on which the twisting is trivial, is isomorphic, as a Gerstenhaber algebra, to the tensor product of the respective subalgebras of the Hochschild cohomology rings of the factors.
An equivalence of results in $C^*$-algebra valued b-metric and b-metric spaces
Authors: Dung Nguyen Van , Le Hang Vo Thi , Dolicanin-Djekic Diana
Published: December 2017

We construct a $b$-metric from a given $C^*$-algebra-valued $b$-metric and prove some equivalences between them. Then we show that not only fixed point results but also topological properties on $C^*$-algebra-valued $b$-metric spaces may be deduced from certain results in $b$-metric spaces. In particular, every $C^*$-algebra-valued $b$-metric space is metrizable.
A humidity-controlled fast integrated mobility spectrometer (HFIMS) for rapid measurements of particle hygroscopic growth
Authors: Pinterich Tamara , Spielman Steven R. , Wang Yang , Hering Susanne V. , Wang Jian
Published: December 2017

Abstract. We present a humidity-controlled fast integrated mobility spectrometer (HFIMS) for rapid particle hygroscopicity measurements. The HFIMS consists of a differential mobility analyzer (DMA), a relative humidity (RH) control unit and a water-based FIMS (WFIMS) coupled in series. The WFIMS (Pinterich et al., 2017) combines the fast integrated mobility spectrometer (Kulkarni and Wang, 2006a, b) with laminar flow water condensation methodologies (Hering and Stolzenburg, 2005; Spielman et al., 2017). Inside the WFIMS, particles of different electrical mobilities are spatially separated in an electric field, condensationally enlarged and imaged to provide 1 Hz measurements of size distribution spanning a factor of  ∼ 3 in particle diameter, which is sufficient to cover the entire range of growth factor (GF) for atmospheric aerosol particles at 90 % RH. By replacing the second DMA of a traditional hygroscopicity tandem DMA (HTDMA) system with the WFIMS, the HFIMS greatly increases the speed of particle growth factor measurement. The performance of the HFIMS was evaluated using NaCl particles with well-known hygroscopic growth behavior and further through measurements of ambient aerosols. Results show that the HFIMS can reproduce, within 2 %, the literature values for hygroscopic growth of NaCl particles. NaCl deliquescence was observed between 76 and 77 % RH in agreement with the theoretical value of 76.5 % (Ming and Russell, 2001), and efflorescence relative humidity (43 %) was found to lie within the RH range of 41 to 56 % reported in the literature. Ambient data indicate that the HFIMS can measure the hygroscopic growth of five standard dry particle sizes ranging from 35 to 165 nm within less than 3 min, which makes it about 1 order of magnitude faster than traditional HTDMA systems.