bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
UJI STABILITAS FISIK FORMULASI ELIXIR PARACETAMOL DENGAN KOMBINASI CO-SOLVENT PROPILEN GLIKOL DAN ETANOL
Authors: Ambari Yani
Published: November 2019

Parasetamol (asetaminofen) merupakan obat analgetik non narkotik dengan cara kerja menghambat sintesis prostaglandin terutama di Sistem Syaraf Pusat (SSP). Parasetamol bekerja pada tempat yang tidak terdapat peroksid sedangkan pada tempat inflamasi terdapat lekosit yang melepaskan peroksid sehingga efek anti inflamasinya tidak bermakna. Parasetamol berguna untuk nyeri ringan sampai sedang, seperti nyeri kepala, malaria, nyeri paska melahirkan dan keadaan lain. Parasetamol (asetaminofen) mempunyai daya kerja analgetik, antipiretik, tidak mempunyai daya kerja anti radang dan tidak menyebabkan iritasi serta peradangan lambung. Aksi/kerja utama paracetamol adalah dengan cara menghambat sintesis prostaglandin di pusat otak (hipotalamus), tetapi tidak di perifer (jaringan), sehingga tidak mempunyai efek sebagai anti inflamasi. Paracetamol diabsorbsi baik dalam saluran pencernaan ketika digunakan secara per oral, untuk memudahkan pemberian obat dan mempercepat absorbsi maka obat dibuat dalam bentuk sediaan elixir. Sehingga dibutuhkan formulasi yang tepat untuk menjaga paracetamol agar tetap stabil dalam bentuk sediaan elixir. Tujuan dari percobaan ini yaitu untuk mengetahui rancang formulasi, cara pembuatan serta evaluasi dalam sediaan elixir paracetamol. Evaluasi dilakukan seminggu setelah pembuatan sediaan elixir. Evaluasi meliputi uji organoleptis, uji kadar bahan aktif, uji pH, uji BJ, uji viskositas, dan uji kandungan mikroba. Hasil dari evaluasi sediaan elixir paracetamol antara lain, pada uji organoleptis elixir paracetamol dari warna ungu tidak mengalami perubahan warna, bau elixir tidak berubah yaitu tetap berbau anggur, dan rasa elixir tetap manis tidak mengalami perubahan rasa. Pada uji pH, sediaan elixir paracetamol dengan pH awal 5,5 mengalami perubahan pH menjadi 5,4. Pada uji BJ, elixir paracetamol memiliki BJ 1,143 g/mL. Uji viskositas dilakukan dengan menggunakan alat viskometer oswald dan diperoleh viskositas dari elixir paracetamol yaitu 5,823 cP. Uji kandungan mikroba dilakukan dengan menggunakan indra penglihatan dan didapatkan data bahwa pada sediaan elixir paracetamol tidak terdapat pertumbuhan mikroba.
FORMULASI SEDIAAN LOTION ANTIOKSIDAN EKSTRAK ETANOL KULIT BUAH RAMBUTAN (Nephelium lappaceum L.)
Authors: Sartika Widya Ayu Dewi , Taniasari Nungky
Published: November 2019

Rambutan adalah tanaman musiman yang kulit buahnya kaya dengan kandungan flavonoid berkhasiat sebagai antioksidan, sehingga dapat dipergunakan dan diformulasi sebagai anti aging.Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk memformulasi sediaan lotion dari ekstrak etanol kulit buah rambutan yang stabil secara fisik dan kimia. Ekstrak etanol kulit buah rambutan diperoleh dengan cara maserasi kulit buah rambutan menggunakan larutan penyari etanol 70% selama 4 hari. Formulasi dilakukan dengan menggunakan 3 konsentrasi ekstrak dalam lotion, yaitu F1 (0,5%), F2 (1%) dan F3 (1,5%)  untuk mendapatkan lotion yang stabil. Pengamatan kestabilan fisika dilakukan dengan uji organoleptis, homogenitas dan viskositas sementara kestabilan kimia diamati dengan pengamatan pH sediaan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ketiga formula menghasilkan lotion berwarna coklat, kental, homogen dengan pH = 5 dan viskositas terendah sampai tertinggi pada formula F2 = 2147,34 cp; F3 = 2160,07 cp dan F1 = 2694,78 cp. Ketiga formula menghasilkan lotion dengan pH dan viskositas yang sesuai dengan persyaratan SNI.
AKTIVITAS ANTIBAKTERI DAUN PEPAYA (Carica Pepaya) MENGGUNAKAN PELARUT ETANOL TERHADAP BAKTERI Escherichia coli
Authors: Is Tri Puji
Published: November 2019

Isolasi  zat  aktif  dari  herba  menimbulkan  pandangan  baru  bahwa  tiap  herba memiliki  zat  aktif  (satu  atau  lebih).  Carica  papaya  L  memiliki  zat  aktif  yang  berhasil diisolasi, zat – zat tersebut dapat menggantikan pemakaian herba untuk tujuan pengobatan. Escherichia coli merupakan bakteri yang banyak terdapat di usus besar (colon) manusia dan sebagai flora normal colon, sifat Escherichia coli dapat menyebabkan infeksi primer pada usus  besar  sehingga menyebabkan  penyakit  diare.  Sampel  yang digunakan  adalah  Daun Pepaya tua berwarna hijau tua yang diperoleh dari UPT Materia Medika Batu. Dicuci bersih kemudian dikeringkan, kemudian dihaluskan dengan cara diblender. Proses ekstraksi menggunakan metode maserasi. Pengujian dilakukan dengan menggunakan 5 konsentrasi dan kontrol negatif. Metode pengujian antibakteri yang digunakan adalah difusi kertas cakram. Diameter zona hambat pada tiap konsentrasi dianalisis menggunakan statistik menggunakan uji ANOVA. Berdasarkan hasil pengujian dengan melakukan replikasi sebanyak 6 kali pada konsentrasi 20 µ g/mL dengan rata – rata 7,25 mm, 40 µ g/mL dengan rata – rata 7,43 mm, 60µ g/mL dengan rata – rata 7,7 mm, 80 µ g/mL dengan rata – rata 7,8 dan 100 µ g/mL dengan rata – rata 7,9 mm dengan kategori sedang. Dapat dikatakan terdapat pengaruh aktivitas antibakteri pada Daun Pepaya (Carica papaya L) dengan bakteri Escherichia coli maka, semakin tinggi konsentrasi maka daya hambat yang dihasilkan semakin tinggi.
PENGARUH EKSTRAK DAUN NGOKILO (Stachytarpheta mutabilis, Vahl ) TERHADAP PENYAKIT DIABETES MELLITUS
Authors: Kustini Kustini
Published: November 2019

Diabetes adalah suatu penyakit, dimana tubuh penderitanya tidak bisa mengendalikan tingkat gula (glukosa) dalam darahnya. Penderita diabetes tidak bisa memproduksi insulin dalam jumlah yang cukup atau tubuh yang tak mampu menggunakan insuin secara efektif, sehingga terjadi kelebihan gula di dalam darah. Kelebihan gula yang kronis di dalam darah (hiperglikemia) menjadi racun bagi tubuh.Tanaman ngokilo dipercaya mampu mengobati penyakit diabetes militus. Penelitian terdahulu menjelaskan bahwa ekstrak daun keji beling dapat menurunkan kadar glukosa darah. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui Potensi Ekstrak Etanol Daun Ngokilo (Stachytarpheta mutabilis, Vahl ) sebagai Penurun Kadar Glukosa Darah pada Tikus Putih (Rattus norvegicus). Pengujian dilakukan dengan metode eksperimen menggunakan mencit (Rattus norvegicus) jantan strain Swiss Webster usia 2-3 bulan dengan barat badan 30-40 gram sebagai hewan uji. Penelitian ini menggunakan empat perbandingan dosis ekstrak daun ngokilo yakni 1:10:30:50 dan kontrol menggunakan aguadest. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ekstrak etanol daun ngokilo mempunyai nilai F Hitung 27.907 > F Tabel 2.60. Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa variable bebas (perbedaan konsentrasi ekstrak etanol daun ngokilo) terbukti berpengaruh secara signifikan terhadap variabel terikat (kadar gula darah). Artinya ekstrak daun ngokilo mempunyai efektivitas dalam menurunkan kadar gula darah mencit.
UJI AKTIVITAS ANTIBAKTERI SEDIAAN GEL EKSTRAK ETANOL PEGAGAN (Centela asiatica L.) TERHADAP BAKTERI Staphylococcus aureus SECARA IN VITRO
Authors: Nurrosyidah Iif Hanifa , Hermawati Retna , Asri Milu
Published: November 2019

Staphylococcus aureus adalah bakteri patogen pada manusia yang menyebabkan berbagai manifestasi klinis. Infeksi sering terjadi baik di lingkungan yang didapat masyarakat maupun yang didapat di rumah sakit dan pengobatan tetap sulit untuk dikelola karena munculnya strain yang resistan terhadap beberapa obat seperti MRSA. Salah satu manifestasi klinis akibat infeksi bakteri tyersebut adalah bisul, kulit melepuh, dan jerawat. Jerawat merupkan salah satu masalah kesehatan kulit yang menggangu. Tingkat keparahan jerawat dipengaruhi oleh banyak faktor salah satunya dipengaruhi oleh jumlah produksi kelenjar minyak. Minyak, kotoran atau debu, dan keringat dapat menyumbat pori serta adanya bakteri penyebab jerawat (P. acne) dapat menimbulkan jerawat. Pegagan (Centella asiatica (L.) Urban) merupakan tanaman liar yang berpotensi  sebagai tanaman obat. Centella asiatica L. mengandung senyawa glikosida saponin yang diketahui memiliki aktivitas sebagai antibakteri. Penelitian ini diawali dengan proses ekstraksi kandungan centolloid dari pegagan dengan diekstraksi dengan etanol 96% menggunakan alat soxhlet pada suhu 60-80oC. Kemudian ekstrak yang diperoleh dipekatkan menggunakan rotary evaporator pada suhu 60oC sampai diperoleh ekstrak kental. Ekstrak yang diperoleh diformulasikan ke dalam sediaan gel kemudian diuji aktivitas antibakterinya secara in vitro mengunakan metode difusi agar. Sediaan gel ekstrak etanol pegagan stabil hingga penyimpanan dalam jangka waktu 30 hari terlihat dari organoleptis, pH, homogenitas, dan daya sebar yang tidak berubah dari awal pembuatan. Daya hambat sediaan gel ekstrak etanol pegagan adalah 25 mm termasuk dalam katagori daya hambat kuat yaitu >20 mm, sama dengan daya hambat kontrol positif dalam penelitian ini yaitu clindamicyn sebesar 30 mm.
Diversity-oriented synthesis of spirothiazolidinediones and their biological evaluation
Authors: Kotha Sambasivarao , Sreevani Gaddamedi , Dzhemileva Lilya U , Yunusbaeva Milyausha M , Dzhemilev Usein M , D’yakonov Vladimir A
Published: November 2019

We report a new synthetic approach to assemble spirothiazolidinediones via a [2 + 2 + 2] cyclotrimerization reaction and the derivatives were further functionalized through DA chemistry and click reaction. Using flow cytometry, it was shown for the first time that the new benzyl alcohol derivatives of thiazolidine-2,4-dione generated here are efficient apoptosis inducers in the HeLa, Hek293, U937, Jurkat, and K562 cell lines.
NOVEL COMPOUNDS FROM CONDENSATION REACTION BETWEEN 2-ACETYLPYRIDINE AND 2-FORMYLPYRIDINE. SYNTHESIS, CRYSTAL STRUCTURE AND BIOLOGICAL EVALUATION
Authors: Rusnac Roman Vasile , Botnaru Maria Stefan , Barba Nicanor , Petrenko Peter Alexei , Chumakov Yurii , Gulea Aurelian Petru
Published: November 2019

Two new carbonyl compounds (5-6) were synthesized and spectrally characterized. The reaction mechanism for obtaining the new carbonyl compounds (5-6) was proposed following the analisis retrosintetis reactions of the products and confirmed by 1H and 13C-NMR. Synthesized carbonyl compounds (3-6) can serve as precursors (carbonyls) in the synthesis of thiosemicarbazones, which exhibit a wide range of biological properties. Due the condensation reaction between 2-acetylpyridine and 2-formylpyridine, catalysed with Na2CO3 in aqueous solution and microwave irradiation at 480 W, the product 1,3-bis(pyridin-2-yl)prop-2-en-1-one (3) in a good yield is obtained. By separation on the silica gel column, three products (4-6) were removed. Characterization of novel condensation products between 2-acetylpyridine and 2-formylpyridine was performed by FTIR-ATR spectroscopy, 1H and 13C-NMR spectroscopy, and further confirmed by single crystal X-ray diffraction. Compound (5) crystallise in the space group P-1 and compound (6) in the space group P21/c. Based on the spectral data and X-ray crystallography analysis of the eliminated products, the succession of reactions resulting in compounds (3-6) from (1) and (2) were proposed. Finally, synthetic methods for the preparation of substituted cyclohexanol derivatives have also been proposed. The obtained compounds exhibit moderate antimicrobial and antifungal activity. Antioxidant activity of compounds (4-6) was also studied.
EARLY DETECTION OF VESSEL COLLISION SITUATIONS IN A VESSEL TRAFFIC SERVICES AREA
Authors: Rudan Igor , Frančić Vlado , Valčić Marko , Sumner Matthew
Published: November 2019

This study presents enhanced collision detection model in a Vessel Traffic Services (VTS) area.
The proposed detection method of collision situations is based on the assumption that VTS station is provided with passage
plans of all the vessels in a monitored area. By using an early detection model for prediction of possible collision situations,
VTS stations could switch from the area-monitoring concept to the passage-monitoring system. An early detection model of collision
risks in a VTS area uses vessels’ dynamic characteristics as inputs (vessels’ position, course over ground and speed), and delivers
prediction of their future positions as output. In order to achieve the desired accuracy, the model takes into the account the intended
course alterations and the impending environmental loads. The model is able to provide the outputs as early as the passage plans are
submitted to a VTS monitored area. Hence, when discussing model’s capability for early detection of collision situations, improved VTS
operating standards could be developed in order to achieve safer passages through enhanced collision avoidance strategies. Simulation
results clearly show the advantages of the proposed model as a decision support tool for a VTS operator when combining passage plans
with the analysis of environmental loads.
The Data Analysis Pipeline for the SDSS-IV MaNGA IFU Galaxy Survey: Overview
Authors: Westfall Kyle B. , Cappellari Michele , Bershady Matthew A. , Bundy Kevin , Belfiore Francesco , Ji Xihan , Law David R. , Schaefer Adam , Shetty Shravan , Tremonti Christy A. , Yan Renbin , Andrews Brett H. , Brownstein Joel R. , Cherinka Brian , Coccato Lodovico , Drory Niv , Maraston Claudia , Parikh Taniya , Sánchez-Gallego José R. , Thomas Daniel , Weijmans Anne-Marie , Barrera-Ballesteros Jorge , Du Cheng , Goddard Daniel , Li Niu , Masters Karen , Ibarra Medel Héctor Javier , Sánchez Sebastián F. , Yang Meng , Zheng Zheng , Zhou Shuang
Published: November 2019

The Mapping Nearby Galaxies at Apache Point Observatory (MaNGA) survey is currently acquiring integral-field spectroscopy for the largest sample of galaxies to date. By 2020, the MaNGA Survey—which is one of three core programs in the fourth-generation Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS-IV)—will have observed a statistically representative sample of 104 galaxies in the local universe (z ≲ 0.15). In addition to a robust data-reduction pipeline (DRP), MaNGA has developed a data-analysis pipeline (DAP) that provides higher-level data products. To accompany the first public release of its code base and data products, we provide an overview of the MaNGA DAP, including its software design, workflow, measurement procedures and algorithms, performance, and output data model. In conjunction with our companion paper (Belfiore et al.), we also assess the DAP output provided for 4718 observations of 4648 unique galaxies in the recent SDSS Data Release 15 (DR15). These analysis products focus on measurements that are close to the data and require minimal model-based assumptions. Namely, we provide stellar kinematics (velocity and velocity dispersion), emission-line properties (kinematics, fluxes, and equivalent widths), and spectral indices (e.g., D4000 and the Lick indices). We find that the DAP provides robust measurements and errors for the vast majority (>99%) of analyzed spectra. We summarize assessments of the precision and accuracy of our measurements as a function of signal-to-noise. We also provide specific guidance to users regarding the limitations of the data. The MaNGA DAP software is publicly available and we encourage community involvement in its development.
The Large-scale Ionization Cones in the Galaxy
Authors: Bland-Hawthorn Joss , Maloney Philip R. , Sutherland Ralph , Groves Brent , Guglielmo Magda , Li Wenhao , Curzons Andrew , Cecil Gerald , Fox Andrew J.
Published: November 2019

There is compelling evidence for a highly energetic Seyfert explosion (1056–57 erg) that occurred in the Galactic center a few million years ago. The clearest indications are the X-ray/γ-ray “10 kpc bubbles” identified by the ROSAT and Fermi satellites. In an earlier paper, we suggested another manifestation of this nuclear activity, i.e., elevated Hα emission along a section of the Magellanic Stream due to a burst (or flare) of ionizing radiation from Sgr A*. We now provide further evidence for a powerful flare event: UV absorption line ratios (in particular

/

, Si iv/Si ii) observed by the Hubble Space Telescope reveal that some Magellanic Stream clouds toward both galactic poles are highly ionized by a source capable of producing ionization energies up to at least 50 eV. We show how these are clouds caught in a beam of bipolar, radiative “ionization cones” from a Seyfert nucleus associated with Sgr A*. In our model, the biconic axis is tilted by about 15° from the south Galactic pole with an opening angle of roughly 60°. For the Magellanic Stream at such large Galactic distances (D ≳ 75 kpc), nuclear activity is a plausible explanation for all of the observed signatures: elevated Hα emission and H ionization fraction (x

e
≳ 0.5), enhanced

/

and Si iv/Si ii ratios, and high

and Si iv column densities. Wind-driven “shock cones” are ruled out because the Fermi bubbles lose their momentum and energy to the Galactic corona long before reaching the Magellanic Stream. Our time-dependent Galactic ionization model (stellar populations, hot coronal gas, cloud–halo interaction) is too weak to explain the Magellanic Stream’s ionization. Instead, the nuclear flare event must have had a radiative UV luminosity close to the Eddington limit (f

E
 ≈ 0.1–1). Our time-dependent Seyfert flare models adequately explain the observations and indicate that the Seyfert flare event took place T

o
 = 3.5 ± 1 Myr ago. The timing estimates are consistent with the mechanical timescales needed to explain the X-ray/γ-ray bubbles in leptonic jet/wind models (≈2–8 Myr).
Dust Rotational Dynamics in Nonstationary Shock: Rotational Disruption of Nanoparticles by Stochastic Mechanical Torques and Spinning Dust Emission
Authors: Tram Le Ngoc , Hoang Thiem
Published: November 2019

In a previous work, Hoang and Tram discovered a new mechanism for destruction of nanoparticles due to suprathermal rotation of grains in stationary C-shocks, which is termed rotational disruption. In this paper, we extend our previous study for nonstationary shocks driven by outflows and young supernova remnants that have dynamical ages shorter than the time required to establish a stationary C-shock, which is composed of a C-shock and a J-shock tail (referred to as CJ-shock). For the C-shock component, we find that the smallest nanoparticles (size ≲1 nm) of weak materials (i.e., tensile strength S
max ≲ 109 erg cm−3) can be rotationally disrupted owing to suprathermal rotation induced by supersonic neutral drift. For the J-shock component, although nanoparticles are rotating thermally, the smallest ones can still be disrupted because the gas is heated to higher temperatures by J-shocks. We then model microwave emission from rapidly spinning nanoparticles where the grain size distribution has the lower cutoff determined by rotational disruption for the different shock models. We also calculate the spectral flux of microwave emission from a shocked region at a distance of 100 pc from the observer for the different gas density, shock age, and shock velocities. We suggest that microwave emission from spinning dust can be used to trace nanoparticles and shock velocities in dense molecular outflows. Finally, we discuss a new way that can release molecules from the nanoparticle surface into the gas in the shocked regions, which we name rotational desorption.
Comet 240P/NEAT Is Stirring
Authors: Kelley Michael S. P. , Bodewits Dennis , Ye 叶 Quanzhi 泉志 , Farnham Tony L. , Bellm Eric C. , Dekany Richard , Duev Dmitry A. , Helou George , Kupfer Thomas , Laher Russ R. , Masci Frank J. , Prince Thomas A. , Rusholme Ben , Shupe David L. , Soumagnac Maayane T. , Zolkower Jeffry
Published: November 2019

Comets are primitive objects that formed in the protoplanetary disk, and have been largely preserved over the history of the solar system. However, they are not pristine, and surfaces of cometary nuclei do evolve. In order to understand the extent of their primitive nature, we must define the mechanisms that affect their surfaces and comae. We examine the lightcurve of comet 240P/NEAT over three consecutive orbits, and investigate three events of significant brightening (Δm ∼ −2 mag). Unlike typical cometary outbursts, each of the three events are long-lived, with enhanced activity for at least 3–6 months. The third event, observed by the Zwicky Transient Facility, occurred in at least two stages. The anomalous behavior appears to have started after the comet was perturbed by Jupiter in 2007, reducing its perihelion distance from 2.53 to 2.12 au. We suggest that the brightening events are temporary transitions to a higher baseline activity level, brought on by the increased insolation, which has warmed previously insulated sub-surface layers. The new activity is isolated to one or two locations on the nucleus, indicating that the surface or immediate sub-surface is heterogeneous. Further study of this phenomenon may provide insight into cometary outbursts, the structure of the near-surface nucleus, and cometary nucleus mantling.
A morphological, biological and molecular approach reveals four cryptic species of Trissolcus Ashmead (Hymenoptera, Scelionidae), egg parasitoids of Pentatomidae (Hemiptera)
Authors: Tortorici Francesco , Talamas Elijah J. , Moraglio Silvia T. , Pansa Marco G. , Asadi-Farfar Maryam , Tavella Luciana , Caleca Virgilio
Published: November 2019

Accurate identification of parasitoids is crucial for biological control of the invasive brown marmorated stink bug,Halyomrpha halys(Stål). A recent work by Talamas et al. (2017) revised the Palearctic fauna ofTrissolcusAshmead, egg-parasitoids of stink bugs, and treated numerous species as junior synonyms ofT. semistriatus(Nees von Esenbeck). In the present paper, we provide a detailed taxonomic history and treatment ofT. semistriatusand the species treated as its synonyms by Talamas et al. (2017) based on examination of primary types, molecular analyses and mating experiments.Trissolcus semistriatus,T. belenus(Walker),T. colemani(Crawford), andT. manteroi(Kieffer) are here recognized as valid and a key to species is provided. The identification tools provided here will facilitate the use ofTrissolcuswasps as biological control agents and as the subject of ecological studies.
Molecular phylogeny of Trissolcus wasps (Hymenoptera, Scelionidae) associated with Halyomorpha halys (Hemiptera, Pentatomidae)
Authors: Talamas Elijah J. , Bon Marie-Claude , Hoelmer Kim A. , Buffington Matthew L.
Published: November 2019

As the brown marmorated stink bug (Halyomorpha halys) has spread across the Northern Hemisphere, research on its egg parasitoids has increased accordingly. These studies have included species-level taxonomy, experimental assessments of host ranges in quarantine, and surveys to assess parasitism in the field. We here present a molecular phylogeny of Trissolcus that includes all species that have been reared from live H. halys eggs. Species-group concepts are discussed and revised in the light of the phylogenetic analyses. The analyses indicate that the ability to successfully parasitize H. halys eggs is not phylogenetically constrained, but the most effective parasitoids are all found in the flavipes species group.
Assigning orders to suppliers with linear piecewise concave costs
Authors: Corominas Albert , Lusa Amaia
Published: November 2019

Purpose: Once a set of suppliers has been determined, according to criteria of quality, price and reliability, among others, there remains the problem of assigning orders to the selected suppliers, in order to cover the needs at the lowest cost. We consider the case in which the needs of a component for a set of plants should be covered by suppliers with linear piecewise concave cost functions, a lower bound on the order size for the non-zero deliveries and a capacity constraint. The purpose is to design procedures for solving this problem.Design/methodology/approach: With the aim of providing practical tools to solve the problem of assigning orders to suppliers with linear piecewise concave costs, two mixed integer linear programs are proposed.Findings: The two MILP models are compared through an extensive computational experiment. This shows that both models, with a slight advantage for one of them, can be solved within a very short time, even when the dimensions of the instance largely exceed those that can occur in real cases.Originality/value: The paper proposes novel models that can be used to solve the problem to optimality in reasonable times and with standard optimization software.
Quantitative analysis of qualitative data: Using voyant tools to investigate the sales-marketing interface
Authors: Hetenyi Gabor , Dr. Lengyel Attila , Dr. Szilasi Magdolna
Published: November 2019

Purpose: The present study aims to give a short introduction into the possibilities offered by Voyant Tools to quantitatively explore qualitative data on the Sales-Marketing Interface (SMI).Design/methodology/approach: The study is exploratory in nature. The sample consists of sales and marketing employees of six manufacturing companies. Answers to three open-ended questions were analysed quantitatively and visualised in various ways using the online toolset of Voyant Tools. We experimented with four different tools out of the twenty four offered by Voyant Tools. These tools were: Cyrrus tool, Correlation tool, Topics tool and Scatter plot tool. All four tools that were tested on the data have scalable parameters. Various settings were tested to demonstrate how input conditions influence modelling of the textual data.Findings: It was demonstrated that the four selected text analysis tools can yield valuable information depicted in the form of attractive visualisation formats. It is also highlighted how rushed conclusions can be arrived at by falsely interpreting the visualised data. It is shown how setting different input parameters can affect results. Out of the four examined tools the Scatter plot tool offering an analysis and modelling method based on t-SNE (t-Distributed Stochastic Neighbour Embedding) proved to yield the most complex information about the text. Research limitations/implications: As the study aimed to be exploratory a sample of convenience was used to collect qualitative data. Although quantitative methods can be invaluable tools of preliminary analysis and hypothesis adjustment in the processing of qualitative data, their results should always be checked against the traditional content analysis techniques which are more sensitive to the complex structure of semantic units. These quantitative techniques are to help early exploration of textual data.Practical implications: Managerial implications might be connected to the fact that in a fast changing global business environment managers and corporate decision makers in general might find the attractive visualisation outputs of Voyant Tool easy to analyse and interprete various aspects of business. As Voyant Tools is an open source, free online sofware not even requiring regsitration  and at the same time has an impressive array of sophisticated statistical tools, it might be a cost-effective way of analysing qualitative data. Originality/value: As there is virtually no earlier literature on how quantitative data visualisation techniques can be used in marketing research, especially in the analysis of the SMI, utilisation possibilities of Voyant Tools and other quantitative data analysis and visualisation software for handling qualitative data is definitely a worthwhile area for further research.
Congenital Ocular Aberrant Innervation-New Concepts
Authors: Freedman Howard L , Kushner Burton J
Published: November 2019

ABSTRACT

Background: We have the impression that congenital aberrant innervations are more common than previously reported. Many varieties exist and typically involve the sixth nerve. The most common ocular miswjrings are Duane's syndrome and Marcus Gunn jaw-winking ptosis. The second most common miswiring involves lateral rectus activation in upgaze causing a "Y" pattern exotropia (pseudo inferior oblique overaction). This commonly is confused with inferior oblique overaction but surgery on the obliques does not cure the condition. Lateral rectus recession and elevation are required.

Methods: We selected demonstrative cases from our practices to illustrate a variety of congenital aberrant innervations. A literature search for previous reported cases of aberrant innervations was performed. This report is an eclectic collection of observations of individual selected cases.

Results: We found aberrant innervations of unusual varieties. These miswirings involve simultaneous firing of the lateral rectus with other muscles, including: the ipsilateral superior rectus, causing "pseudo inferior oblique overaction"; the contralateral lateral rectus, causing synergistic divergence; the ipsilateral superior rectus, in upward saccades only; and the masticatory muscles, causing exotropia with sucking.

The third nerve by itself rarely is involved in congenital miswirings, but commonly shows aberrant regeneration after traumatic injuries. We know of no cases of aberrant innervation involving the fourth nerve.

Summary: We present cases describing these congenital aberrant innervations and discuss a unifying hypothesis as to their typical involvement of the sixth nerve.
Revisión sistemática del trilobite oryctocefálido Protoryctocephalus arcticus Geyer & Peel, 2011 del Cámbrico inferior (Piso 4) de Balang, China meridional
Authors: Esteve J. , Zhao Y. L. , Yang X. L.
Published: November 2019

Los trilobites oryctocefálidos del tránsito ‘Cámbrico inferior-medio’ representan herramientas clave para la correlación internacional. Las zonas de trilobites en China meridional a través del tránsito Serie cámbrica 2-Miaolingiense se basan en este grupo fósil. La base de una de estas zonas de trilobites se sitúa con la aparición de Protoryctocephalus arcticus. El género Protoryctocephalus, procedente del área de Balang en China meridional, fue descrito originalmente como Protoryctocephalus wuxunensis, también de la serie cámbrica 2 de China meridional. Sin embargo, en Balang Protoryctocephalus muestra diferentes caracteres morfológicos, tales como la forma glabelar, la presencia de un surco transglabelar S1 y más segmentos en el tronco (tórax + pigidio). Estos caracteres cuadran mejor con Protoryctocephalus arcticus de la Serie cámbrica 2 of Groenlandia.
La transición ediacárico-cámbrica: facies sedimentarias versus extinción
Authors: Gehling J. G. , García-Bellido D. C. , Droser M. L. , Tarhan M. L. , Runnegar B.
Published: November 2019

Un estudio reciente de la Cuarcita de Rawnsley, en el Ediacárico terminal Ediacaran de la Cordillera de Flinders, Australia meridional, demuestra cómo algunos taxones clave de la biota de Ediacara están restringidos a ciertas facies sedimentarias y determinados niveles estratigráficos. La Cuarcita de Rawnsleycomprende tres miembros separados por discotinuidades: (i) el Miembro basal de la Arenisca de Chace es somera y azoica, aunque destacan las superficies con texturas orgánicas; (ii) el Miemrbo de la Arenisca de Ediacara rellena un Sistema de incisiones submarinas que recortan el miembro inferior de Chace y la Arenisca parálica de Bonney, infrayacente a la Cuarcita de Rawnsley; y (iii) el Miembro de la Arenisca de Ediacara es asimismo recortada de forma erosiva por el Miembro de la Arenisca de Nilpena, menos fosilífera.
The Effectiveness of the Flipped Classroom Model Using E-learning Media in Introduction to Information Technology Course
Authors: Rahmelina Liranti , Firdian Fadil , Maulana Ilham Tri , Aisyah Hesty , Na‘am Jufriadif
Published: November 2019

This study aimed to develop learning tools based on E-Learning in introductory information technology course. E-Learning, a web-based learning tool that uses classroom flipped learning models. The method used in this research was Analysis, Design, Development, Implementation, and Evaluation (ADDIE) with processed data sourced from 22 students. The effectiveness of this study was very effective because through the calculation of the Gain score it was found that the overall average value of students there was an improvement. The average increase in learning outcomes was 0.591949 with a moderate gain score acquisition criteria. Then, it was concluded that e-learning using the flipped classroom learning model was very helpful in introducing Infor-mation Technology and as an E-Learning guideline for other subjects.
Educational Content Development to Enhance STEM Learning
Authors: Davila-Guzman Nancy Elizabeth , Tiempos-Flores Norma , Maya-Treviño Maria De Lourdes , Sanchez-Vazquez Astrid Iriana , Cerino-Cordova Felipe De Jesús
Published: November 2019

In this study, multidisciplinary teams were formed to develop educational content as digital videos to help in the learning process in Science, Tech-nology, Engineering and Mathematics (STEM) education. The usefulness of the web-learning tool was evaluated by surveys and tests taken by chemical engineering freshman students. The results showed that these students’ scores were higher than the scores obtained by students of previous courses where the web-learning tool was not employed. On the other hand, the au-dience analysis indicated that the average age is 18-24 (91.2%) and the gen-der distribution was 54.9% male and 46.6% female from different countries (Mexico, Colombia, Spain, U.S., among others).
International Perspectives on ePortfolios in Higher Education: Case Studies from Asia, North America and Europe
Authors: Ciesielkiewicz Monika , Wisser William , Rozells Diane
Published: November 2019

The authors of this paper explore case studies from three different universi-ties: Harvard University, Sookmyung Women's University, and Villanueva-Complutense University of Madrid. Although each case is from a different country on three different continents, what they have in common is that they all implemented ePortfolios at the course level within a Master of Edu-cation Program. ePortfolios are dynamic tools that can be used for many functions, which can be sorted into three categories: learning, evaluation, and career development. This paper analyzes the success factors of the three ePortfolio use cases as well as the challenges that can be considered general-izable and others that are more culturally specific. The exploration of differ-ent perspectives can help to develop a common understanding of the uses, benefits, and potential of ePortfolios in higher education.
Image on the Street Is . . .
Authors: Hai-Jew Shalin
Published: November 2019

To capture what some of the “Global South”-tagged social messages are in early 2019, an image set of 1000+ images was scraped from Flickr and another 500+ images from Google Images and dozens of fairly recent (past few years) videos were identified on YouTube (with their available closed captioning transcripts captured). These mostly decontextualized digital visual contents (still and motion) were coded with bottom-up coding, based on grounded theory, and some initial insights were created about the multi-dimensional messaging. These contents were generated by conference organizers, alternate and foreign news sites, university lecturers, and the mass public, so the messaging is comprised of both formal and informal messaging, information from news channels, and responses to news channels. This work discusses some of the manual and computation-based coding techniques and some initial findings.
Ode to Africa's Urban Space
Authors: Endong Floribert Patrick C. , Essoh Grace Eugenie Ndobo
Published: November 2019

This chapter examines Cameroonian and Nigerian pop singers' portrayals of urban cities in their respective countries of origin. Using a textual analysis of 10 popular songs composed by these pop singers, the chapter argues that popular musicians in the two countries tend sometimes to challenge negative stereotypes which over the years have represented Cameroonian and Nigerian cities exclusively as under-developed, primitive, exotic, and dangerous spaces. Through their lyrics and pop videos, these musicians often portray cities such as Douala, Nkonsamba, Bamenda, Kribi, Limbe (of Cameroon), and Lagos, Abuja, Port Harcourt, and Calabar (of Nigeria) as beautiful places, fast-developing towns, lands of multiple tourist attractions as well as the homelands of very dynamic political elites. Some of these musicians, however, nuance their representations of the 9 cities mentioned above through portrayals which rather endorse a number of gloomy popular myths. By such myths, Cameroonian and Nigerian urban cities – like other African metropolises – are not immune from the common vices and challenges (notably insecurity, growing rate of criminality, pollution, and slums) plaguing even the biggest and most urbanized cities of the world.
Implementation of Encryption and Data Hiding in E-Health Application
Authors: Saracevic Muzafer H , Selimi Aybeyan , Pepić Selver
Published: November 2019

This chapter presents the possibilities of applying cryptography and steganography in design advanced methods of medical software. The proposed solution has two modules: medical data encryption and medical data hiding. In the first module for the encryption of patient data a Catalan crypto-key is used combined with the LatticePath combinatorial problem. In the second module for hiding patient data, the Catalan stego-key and medical image is used. The objective of the second part is to explain and investigate the existing author's method to steganography based on the Catalan numbers in the design of medical software. The proposed solution is implemented in the Java programming language. In the experimental part, cryptanalysis and steganalysis of the proposed solution were given. Cryptanalysis is based on time and storage complexity, leaking information and machine learning-based identification of the encryption method. Also, steganalysis is based on the amount of information per pixel in stego image, approximate entropy and bit distribution in stego-images.
Modified Methods for Image Processing of Laser Beam Profiles
Authors: Bilan Sergii
Published: November 2019

The chapter is devoted to the analysis of the object of the study and highlighted its features as a means of information processing. The review of the existing methods of processing images of the profiles of laser beams, the principles of the operation of systems on the basis of similar algorithms, an analysis of the accuracy of the determination of the energy and geometric centers of the beam of laser beam, its diameter, and the differences of laser radiation are carred out. On the basis of the introduced criterion for estimating the symmetry of the contour of an image of a laser profile, a method for finding the optimal center for such an image is proposed. A comparative software model of effective methods for analysis of laser radiation parameters, namely, the search for laser image contour centers and the determination of the diameter of a laser beam, was constructed.
A Study of Neutrosophic Shortest Path Problem
Authors: Kumar Ranjan , Dey Arindam , Broumi Said , Smarandache Florentin
Published: November 2019

Shortest path problem (SPP) is an important and well-known combinatorial optimization problem in graph theory. Uncertainty exists almost in every real-life application of SPP. The neutrosophic set is one of the popular tools to represent and handle uncertainty in information due to imprecise, incomplete, inconsistent, and indeterminate circumstances. This chapter introduces a mathematical model of SPP in neutrosophic environment. This problem is called as neutrosophic shortest path problem (NSPP). The utility of neutrosophic set as arc lengths and its real-life applications are described in this chapter. Further, the chapter also includes the different operators to handle multi-criteria decision-making problem. This chapter describes three different approaches for solving the neutrosophic shortest path problem. Finally, the numerical examples are illustrated to understand the above discussed algorithms.
Transportation Problem in Neutrosophic Environment
Authors: Pratihar Jayanta , Kumar Ranjan , Dey Arindam , Broumi Said
Published: November 2019

The transportation problem (TP) is popular in operation research due to its versatile applications in real life. Uncertainty exists in most of the real-life problems, which cause it laborious to find the cost (supply/demand) exactly. The fuzzy set is the well-known field for handling the uncertainty but has some limitations. For that reason, in this chapter introduces another set of values called neutrosophic set. It is a generalization of crisp sets, fuzzy set, and intuitionistic fuzzy set, which is handle the uncertain, unpredictable, and insufficient information in real-life problem. Here consider some neutrosophic sets of values for supply, demand, and cell cost. In this chapter, extension of linear programming principle, extension of north west principle, extension of Vogel's approximation method (VAM) principle, and extended principle of MODI method are used for solving the TP with neutrosophic environment called neutrosophic transportation problem (NTP), and these methods are compared using neutrosophic sets of value as well as a combination of neutrosophic and crisp value for analyzing the every real-life uncertain situation.
Introduction to Plithogenic Subgroup
Authors: Gayen Sudipta , Smarandache Florentin , Jha Sripati , Singh Manoranjan Kumar , Broumi Said , Kumar Ranjan
Published: November 2019

This chapter gives some essential scopes to study some plithogenic algebraic structures. Here the notion of plithogenic subgroup has been introduced and explored. It has been shown that subgroups defined earlier in the crisp, fuzzy, intuitionistic fuzzy, as well as neutrosophic environments, can also be represented as plithogenic fuzzy subgroups. Furthermore, introducing function in plithogenic setting, some homomorphic characteristics of plithogenic fuzzy subgroup have been studied. Also, the notions of plithogenic intuitionistic fuzzy subgroup, plithogenic neutrosophic subgroup have been introduced and their homomorphic characteristics have been analyzed.
Distinguishable and Inverses of Neutrosophic Finite Automata
Authors: Jacob Kavikumar , Deivanayagampillai Nagarajan , Malayalan Lathamaheswari , Yong Gan Jian , Broumi Said
Published: November 2019

This chapter focuses on neutrosophic finite automata with output function. Some new notions on neutrosophic finite automata are established and studied, such as distinguishable, rational states, semi-inverses, and inverses. Interestingly, every state in finite automata is said to be rational when its inputs are ultimately periodic sequence that yields an ultimately periodic sequence of outputs. This concludes that any given state is rational when its corresponding sequence of states is distinguishable. Furthermore, this study is to prove that the semi-inverses of two neutrosophic finite automata are indistinguishable. Finally, the result shows that any neutrosophic finite automata and its inverse are distinguished, and then their reverse relation is also distinguished.
Microstructural and Mechanical Investigation of WC-TiC-Co Cemented Carbides Obtained by Conventional Powder Metallurgy
Authors: Bouleghlem Mohamed , Zahzouh Moussa , Hamidouche Mohamed , Boukhobza Abdelyamine , Fellah Mamoun
Published: November 2019

WC-Co cemented carbide is one of the widely hard materials used for cutting in machining industry, due to its microstructural and mechanical stability even at high temperature. However, diffusion wear is the most serious problem that WC-Co suffers from. One of the most applied approaches to improve the WC–Co cemented carbide performances is the addition of transition metal carbides such as: TiC, TaC and NbC which prevents diffusion wear thanks to the gamma phase (Ti,Ta,Nb,W)C which is formed during sintering. Therefore, and in order to understand the thermal metallurgical reactions occurred between WC-Co cemented carbide and (Ti, Ta, Nb)C transition carbides and theirs effects on the microstructural and mechanical properties. The WC–TiC– TaC– NbC–Co cemented carbide was elaborated by conventional powder metallurgy then thermal, microstructural and mechanical investigations were performed on the elaborated carbide. A temperature of sintering was determined to be more than 1347 oC by differential thermal analysis (DTA) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). Scanning electronic microscopy (SEM) coupled with energy dispersive spectrometer (EDS) observations showed that the microstructure consists in a mixture of angular WC grains and (W,Ti)C rounded grains embedded in the Co-rich binder. X-ray diffraction analysis confirmed the presence of these three phases with free carbon. The results of EDS analysis highlight the solution-reprecipitation phenomena caused by liquid phase sintering and clearly revealed the presence of small amount of free carbon. The mechanical characterizations showed that the WC–TiC– TaC– NbC–Co cemented carbide exhibits excellent hardness-fracture toughness combination.
Digital Transformation in Supply Chain: Supply Chain Urbanization Model Applied to “Order to Cash” Cycle
Authors: Tajri Hayat , Chafi Anas
Published: November 2019

The digital transformation represents across the globe a new stage in the profound economic and social reorganization, that has been engaged for several decades under the effect of information technology [1]. Digital transformation (DT) is the use of digital advances to change customer relationships, internal processes, and value propositions [2]. The biggest future impact on revenue and EBIT growth can be generated through the digitization of supply chains [3]. In this context, the present paper proposes to apply digital transformation to supply chain, and especially to “order to cash” cycle, through an experimentation of the “Supply Chain Urbanization” model (SCU) [4, 5]. We will start in this paper by presenting the “order to cash” cycle according to various references; we will next emphasize Digital transformation before highlighting the “Digital transformation in “order to cash” cycle. We will after illuminate the different phases of the “Supply Chain Urbanization” model (SCU) [4, 5], and then experiment this model on supply chain digital transformation. The "Order to Cash" cycle will be the main link in the supply chain studied in our article.
Neuropilin-1 Expression on CD4 T Cells Is Atherogenic and Facilitates T Cell Migration to the Aorta in Atherosclerosis
Authors: Gaddis Dalia E. , E. Padgett Lindsey , Wu Runpei , Hedrick Catherine C.
Published: November 2019

Neuropilin 1 (Nrp1) is a type I transmembrane protein that plays important roles in axonal guidance, neuronal development, and angiogenesis. Nrp1 also helps migrate thymus-derived regulatory T cells to vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-producing tumors. However, little is known about the role of Nrp1 on CD4 T cells in atherosclerosis. In ApoE−/− mice fed a Western diet for 15 wk, we found a 2-fold increase in Nrp1+Foxp3− CD4 T cells in their spleens, periaortic lymph nodes, and aortas, compared with chow-fed mice. Nrp1+Foxp3− CD4 T cells had higher proliferation potential, expressed higher levels of the memory marker CD44, and produced more IFN-γ when compared with Nrp1− CD4 T cells. Treatment of CD4 T cells with oxLDL increased Nrp1 expression. Furthermore, atherosclerosis-susceptible mice selectively deficient for Nrp1 expression on T cells developed less atherosclerosis than their Nrp1-sufficient counterparts. Mechanistically, we found that CD4 T cells that express Nrp1 have an increased capacity to migrate to the aorta and periaortic lymph nodes compared to Nrp1− T cells, suggesting that the expression of Nrp1 facilitates the recruitment of CD4 T cells into the aorta where they can be pathogenic. Thus, we have identified a novel role of Nrp1 on CD4 T cells in atherosclerosis. These results suggest that manipulation of Nrp1 expression on T cells can affect the outcome of atherosclerosis and lower disease incidence.