bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Comparative Study of Residence Demography With The Duration of Exclusive Breastfeeding in Infants
Authors: Irawan Galuh Chandra , Purwanti Rachma
Published: August 2023

The duration of breastfeeding is influenced by sociodemographic, biomedical, and psychosocial factors. This study aims to analyze the comparison of the duration of breastfeeding for 6-month infants between rural and urban areas in Indonesia using data from the Indonesian Demographic and Health Survey (IDHS) 2017. This study analyzes secondary data from the 2017 Indonesian Demographic and Health Survey (IDHS) with a sample of namely infants aged 6 months as many as 15316 subjects. The independent variable in this study is the sociodemographic characteristics of the place of residence (rural/urban). The dependent variable in this study is the duration of breastfeeding. Data processing and analysis was carried out using the Chi Square Test. Chi square test showed the value of p = 0.00 (p <0.05). This shows that there is a significant difference between the duration of exclusive breastfeeding in urban and rural areas. There are differences in the demographic factors of rural (rural) and urban (urban) residence with the duration of exclusive breastfeeding for 6 months for infants.
The Impact of Malaria among pregnant women in Papua New Guinea: A Systematic Review of Epidemiology, Prevention & Treatment.
Authors: Yatapya Susina
Published: August 2023

BACKGROUND:

Malaria in pregnancy is a serious public health problem in Papua New Guinea (PNG), where both Plasmodium falciparum and P. vivax are endemic. Malaria infection during pregnancy can cause maternal anemia, low birth weight, preterm delivery and congenital malaria, which can have serious consequences for the health and survival of mothers and infants. The aim of this literature review was to assess & summarize the current state of knowledge and practice on malaria epidemiology, prevention and treatment in pregnant women and their newborns in PNG, based on ten research papers published from 1986 to 2021.

Subjects and Methods:

This was a systematic review conducted by searching articles from Google Scholar database and Mendeley Elsevier database and PubMed. The inclusion criteria were namely articles published in 1900 to 2022 years, cross sectional design study, and using quantitative method. The study subjects were pregnant women who visited antenatal clinics with or without malaria, research locations in Papua New Guinea. The exclusion criteria were articles that did not available in full text and located not in Papua New Guinea. The articles were then critically appraised and synthesized according to five main themes: anemia and iron deficiency, submicroscopic malaria infections, placental malaria infection, and knowledge, attitudes and practices concerning malaria in pregnancy & congenital malaria.

Results:

A total of 10 papers were included in the review, covering various aspects of malaria epidemiology, prevention and treatment in pregnant women and their newborns in PNG. The main findings of the papers were: (1) anemia was very common and associated with splenomegaly, iron deficiency and malaria infection; (2) submicroscopic infections were common, but not associated with maternal anemia or low birth weight; (3) placental malaria infection was detected in 18.5% of placentas, and was associated with maternal anemia, low birth weight and preterm delivery; (4) there was a general awareness of the term “malaria”, but it was often confused with other illnesses or pregnancy symptoms; (5) congenital malaria infection was detected in 5.6% of newborns, mostly due to P. falciparum.

Conclusion:

This literature review provided useful evidence and recommendations for improving malaria prevention and control in pregnant women and their newborns in PNG, but also highlighted the need for more research and action to address the remaining challenges and gaps. The review concluded that malaria in pregnancy is a serious public health problem in PNG that requires comprehensive and integrated approaches to achieve its elimination by 2030.

Keywords: Malaria in pregnancy, Papua New Guinea, Anemia, Submicroscopic malaria   infections, Placental malaria infection
Domesticated Cats as a Source of Environmental Contamination with Toxocara cati and Other Soil-Transmitted Helmminth Eggs in Urban Area, Manila-Philiphines
Authors: Chan Jan Michael , Chan Helenar , Flores Mary Jane
Published: August 2023

Toxocariasis and soil-transmitted helminthiases are the most prevalent parasitic zoonoses affecting humans and animals that cause environmental contamination.  Toxocara and other soil-transmitted helminth eggs in animal feces are the primary sources of soil-transmitted helminthiases transmission in the environment particularly in urban areas. These parasite eggs constitute a source of infection for both definitive and paratenic hosts. Avian and rodents, that can be paratenic hosts of these parasites, are a significant source of food for cats in urban settings. Stray cats and dogs also consume leftover food or receive frequent feedings from locals that increases the chance of acquiring soil-transmitted helminth infections. Despite the risks that these soil-transmitted helminths have, studies and information regarding their zoonotic potential is very limited to date. This study aimed to determine the relationship between cat feces and the environmental contamination of residential soils with Toxocara cati and other soil-transmitted helminth eggs. A total of 50 samples were collected in selected urban residences in Malate, Manila. Stool samples were processed using Formol-Ether Concentration Technique while optimized sugar flotation technique was used for the soil samples then both were subjected to microscopy. The overall infection rate was 76% and the contamination rate was 52%. Toxocara cati was the most prevalent zoonotic parasite identified in 48% of stool and 44% of soil samples followed by Ascaris spp. with 32% in stools and 16% in soil samples. Trichuris spp. with 24% and hookworm with 16% were also detected in stool samples but were absent in soil samples. The presence of Toxocara cati and Ascaris spp. eggs in feces and their environmental contamination might be accounted to their durable and highly resistant eggs as well as the as the Philippines as a tropical country which may induce optimal conditions for Toxocara spp. and other soil-transmitted helminth eggs’ development and survival.
Symbols for Hijabs in The Proudest Blue The Story of Hijab and Family by Ibtihaj Muhammad and S.K. Ali
Authors: Permatasari Riana , Murtiningrum Afina
Published: August 2023

This study aimed at analyzing symbols that represent hijab as depicted in The Proudest Blue The Story of Hijab and Family written by Ibtihaj Muhammad and S.K. Ali and illustrated by Hatem Aly. This study was a qualitative study that analyze a text, so that the data were in the form of sentences and illustrations taken from the book. The data were collected by reading the book, identifying the data, and classifying the data. Then, the collected data were analyzed using the semiotic theory from Peirce. Based on the findings, there were five symbols representing hijab. The first two symbols are related to the authors’ choice of color. The author uses the pink to illustrate that hijabs are related to love and the blue color that is related to religious symbol of piety and chastity or sincerity. The blue color was the most dominant symbol in the book. In addition, the authors recommend that hijab is not a whisper, a laugh, and a tablecloth. These three symbols represent hijabs as something strong, not a joke to be laughed at and not only a thing to cover. All symbols used by the author are positive ones which challenge the negative stereotypes about hijab in which it is associated with radicalism and terrorism.
Orientation of Cultural Values in West Java Folklore “Si Buncir”: Cultural Representation Study
Authors: Apriliyani N. Yeffa Afnita , Sunendar Dadang , Syihabuddin Syihabuddin , Sumiyadi Sumiyadi
Published: August 2023

A cultural approach in folklore can be both a medium and an effective learning material. Culture contained various kinds of values that were needed as a provision for the lives of students later.  This study examined the orientation of cultural values contained in the folklore "Si Buncir". This study aimed to reveal and describe the essence of life, the essence of work, human perception of time, views of nature, and the relationship between humans and humans in the folklore "Si Buncir". This research used the descriptive analysis method within the scope of literary research with reading, listening, and note-taking techniques comprehensively works using research on the orientation of cultural values in the folklore “Si Buncir”. The amount of data analyzed was 36 data in the story "The Buncir". This study's results showed that the essence of life in the story could be good or bad, but the characters in this story fight for and strive for a good life. The essence of the work in the story was not only to provide for or earn money for survival but also position and prestige. Human perception of time in the story showed more orientation to the future. The view of nature in the story was excellent, whereas the community or the characters treat nature well in this story. The relationship between humans and humans in the story showed a horizontal direction where the characters show an attitude of mutual acceptance. The implication of this research was that the value of folklore and the culture contained there in was a characteristic of culture in West Java in general. Folklore can be developed into interesting literature teaching materials for students that can be adapted to the age of the child.
Morelloflavone and Molecular Docking from Stembark of Chisocheton lasiocarpus and Its Cytotoxic Activity Against Breast Cancer Mcf-7 Cell Lines
Authors: Nurlelasari Nurlelasari , Harneti Desi , Maharani Rani , Darwati Darwati , Mayanti Tri , Farabi Kindi , Hanafi Muhammad , Supratman Unang
Published: August 2023

Chisocheton is a plant of the Meliaceae family which has been known as a source of limonoids, triterpenoids, steroids, alkaloids and phenolics. This plant is the second largest in the Meliaceae, with 53 species widely distributed in tropical and subtropical regions including Indonesia. From this genus, compounds that have interesting activities have been found, including anti-inflammatory, antimalarial, cytotoxic, antitumor and anticancer. One of the species that has the potential to find new compounds is Chisocheton lasiocarpus because there are still few phytochemical studies. This study aims to inform the structural elucidation of one of the compounds from the stem bark of C. lasiocarpus, namely morelloflavone and its cytotoxic potential against breast cancer cells using the in silico method against ER-α receptors (PDB code: 3ERD), ER-β (PDB code: 1QKM). ) and HER-2 (GDP code: 3PP0).
Heavy Metal Content of Cadmium (Cd) and Chromium (Cr) in Green Mussels (Perna viridis) and Sediments of Sawojajar Waters, Brebes
Authors: Sanjayasari Dyahruri , Rahmaniyyah Misyka Syahra , Hastuti Widya Tri , Hidayati Nuning Vita
Published: August 2023

Green mussel (Perna viridis) is one of the spesies in Bivalve class which filter the food particles from their surroundings. As filter feeder, it captured anything including plankton, detritus, and even heavy metals. Heavy metals content in green mussels could become dangerous due to the bioaccumulation process. This research aimed to determine the levels of heavy metals Cadmium (Cd) and Chromium (Cr) not only in the tissues of green mussels but also in the sediments of Sawojajar waters, Brebes; current study also determined the feasibility of green mussels for consumption in the perspective of food safety. The method used in this research was a field survey method which conducted in June 2022. The analysis method used AAS refers to the American Public Health Association (APHA) with laboratory tests conducted at the Productivity and Aquatic Environment Laboratory of IPB. The results showed that the content of heavy metal Cd in green mussel samples was at 0.19 mg.kg-1 which was meet the threshold concentration. Whereas, the heavy metal Cr in green mussels’ tissue exceeded the threshold of chromium concentration at 0.21 mg.kg-1. In addition, the heavy metal content of Cd and Cr in sediment were still meet the threshold concentration at 3.2 mg.kg-1 and 0.13 mg.kg-1 respectively. In terms of food safety, the EDI (Estiate Daily Intake) value based on the results of heavy metals Cd and Cr concentrations was 0.11 and 0.13 µg.kg-1.day-1 respectively. The result indicated that these heavy metals concentration had low risk in causing health issue. In the same way, the target hazard value (THQ) of Cd and Cr were not exceeded the RfD (Reference Dose) at 0.109 and  0.036 respectively. These value of THQ for both Cd and Cr indicated low risk in causing cancer and the green mussels are meet the food safety standard
Jenis Kelamin Ikan Nilem (Osteochilus hasseltii) Berdasarkan Truss Morfometrik di Sungai Banjaran, Kabupaten Banyumas
Authors: Widayanto Imanuel Eka , Muslih Muslih , Sari Lilik Kartika
Published: August 2023

Osteochilus hasseltii belongs to the Cyprinidae family and is a native species in the Banjaran River. Populations of O. hasseltii that are continuously exploited can cause the population to decrease and cause an imbalance between males and females. This study aims to determine differences in morphology and sex of O. hasseltii. The research method uses a survey method and purposive random sampling at two stations, namely Kober Village and Kedung Wuluh Village. A total of 16 individuals of O. hasseltii (8 males and 8 females) were caught using fishing rods. About 24 morphometric truss distances were measured using Image-J software. Normality and homogeneity tests need to be done before conducting the t-test. Data analysis used the t-test with the help of Minitab software. The morphological characters of O. hasseltii seen from the dendogram can be seen that each truss distance measured on male O. hasseltii has a similarity of above 90% so that the morphological differences and the similarities are small. Whereas in female O.hasseltii, the similarity exceeds 75% at each truss distance so that the distinguishing character of female O.hasseltii can be seen from the truss distance which has a small similarity, namely Anal-fin base length (Q) of 76.14% and Upper-jaw length (D) of 86.3%. The results of the t-test showed 8 morphometric truss distances that could be used as a distinguishing feature of male and female O. hasseltii is Snout-supraoccipital distance, Snout length, Snout-pectoral distance, Snout-gill distance, Postorbital head length, Gill-pelvic distance, Dorsal-pelvic distance, and Dorsal fin base length. Therefore, the morphometric truss can be used to differentiate the sex of O. hasseltii.
Persistence Landscape based Topological Data Analysis for Personalized Arrhythmia Classification
Authors: Liu Yu-Shi , Wang Lei , Cen Jian , Liu Qiu-Hua , Yan Yan
Published: August 2023

Data can be illustrated in shapes, and the shapes could provide insight for data modeling and information extraction. Topological data analysis provides an alternative insight in biomedical data analysis and knowledge discovery with the algebra topology tools. In present work, we study the application of topological data analysis for personalized electrocardiographic signal classification toward arrhythmia analysis. Using phase space reconstruction technique, the signal samples are converted into point clouds for topological analysis facility. With topological techniques the persistence landscapes from the point clouds are extracted as features to perform the arrhythmia classification task. We find that the proposed method is robust to the training set size, with only a training set size of 20% percents, the normal heartbeat class are 100% recognized, ventricular beats for 97.13%, supra-ventricular beats for 94.27% and fusion beats for 94.27% within the corresponding experiments. The property of keeping high performance when using smaller training sample proves that the proposed method is especially applicable to personalized analysis. With the present study, we show that the topological data analysis technique could be a useful tool in biomedical signal analysis, and provide powerful ability in personalized analysis.
Bell's Theorem Begs the Question
Authors: Christian Joy
Published: August 2023

I demonstrate that Bell's theorem is based on circular reasoning and thus a fundamentally flawed argument. It unjustifiably assumes the additivity of expectation values for dispersion-free states of contextual hidden variable theories for non-commuting observables involved in Bell-test experiments, which is tautologous to assuming the bounds of ±2 on the Bell-CHSH sum of expectation values. Its premises thus assume in a different guise the bounds of ±2 it sets out to prove. Once this oversight is ameliorated from Bell's argument by identifying the impediment that leads to it and local realism is implemented correctly, the bounds on the Bell-CHSH sum of expectation values work out to be ±2√2 instead of ±2, thereby mitigating the conclusion of Bell's theorem. Consequently, what is ruled out by any of the Bell-test experiments is not local realism but the linear additivity of expectation values, which does not hold for non-commuting observables in any hidden variable theories to begin with.
Vernacular Settlement Planning on the Kahayan Riverbank: A Shadow of Non-existent Planning Policies on Political Road Disruption in The City of Palangka Raya, Indonesia
Authors: Guntur Mandarin , Kurniawan Ridwan K. , Sutanto Dalhar , Yunitha Yunitha
Published: August 2023

Urban planning in third-world development cannot only refer to its outward appearance. The lack of urban physiognomy caused many problems regarding ineffective planning policies. Palangka Raya is the only capital city in Indonesia where President Sukarno inaugurated it in 1957. Then Tjilik Riwut, the first governor of Central Kalimantan province, who was also a Dayak ethnic leader, proposed Palangka Raya to be the capital of Indonesia at a National Council meeting in 1958, replacing Jakarta. President Sukarno, who chaired the meeting, agreed to further research on the idea. However, the emergence of Palangka Raya in 1957 and the initiation of the Trans Kalimantan National Road project in the 1990s have changed the spatial patterns of ancient Dayak cities that believed in rivers. This qualitative research investigates vernacular settlement planning in Central Kalimantan, collecting data related to photographs, drawings, sketches, and documents from the Tjilik Riwut Museum. Through social construction, this study narrates the meanings that arise in social relations, both individuals and groups. So far, the study of urban analysis using physiognomy is still lacking in depth and limited to persona and gestures. This paper is about the non-existent planning policies, looking at shadow aspects and subjectivity.
Evaluation of Equine Fecal Egg Count Tests for Accurate Monitoring of Anthelmintic Resistance
Authors: Lejeune Manigandan , Mann Sabine , White Holly , Maguire Danielle , Hazard Jaime , Young Rebecca , Stone Charles , Antczak Doug , Bowman Dwight
Published: August 2023

Parasite control strategies such as blanket anthelmintic treatment of all horses in a herd or interval treatment regimen based on egg reappearance remain widely followed practices for the last several decades. These practices have resulted in the fast emergence of resistance in equine strongyles to all major classes of drugs on the market. In this regard, the guidelines set by the American Association of Equine Practitioners advocate evidence-based strongyle control in horses. It recommends targeted treatment of all heavy egg shedders [> 500 eggs per gram (EPG) of feces] while the low shedders (0-200 EPG) are left untreated to maintain susceptible parasite refugia in a herd. As 50-75% of adult horses in a herd are low shedders, preventing them from unnecessary anthelmintic exposure is critical to tackling resistance. There are various fecal egg count (FEC) techniques with many modifications and variations in use, but none is identified as a gold standard and methods comparison studies are lacking. We hypothesized that the diagnostic performance of commonly used quantitation methodologies differs and the FEC methods must be evaluated to determine the gold standard. In this regard, we performed methods comparison studies using polystyrene beads with size and specific gravity comparable to strongyle eggs, as proxy. The linearity of 12 commonly used FEC methodologies (3 techniques with 4 different solutions) was studied using bead standards in the clinically applicable range (63 to 1,000) to determine their suitability for strongyle egg counts. Deming regression analysis identified Mini-FLOTAC with sugar (specific gravity 1.33) as the test with the greatest coefficient of determination. All tests underestimated the true bead count, and we determined a correction factor (CF) for each test to estimate the true count. CF negates the preference for a gold standard test. Finally, we analyzed the validity of CF for 5 tests with R2>0.95 to accurately quantify strongyle eggs from 40 different horses. Overall, this study identified methodologies with the highest diagnostic performance and the limitations to standardizing routine FEC tests to promote uniformity in implementing AAEP parasite control guidelines.
Application of the Compound Specific Stable Isotopes (CSSI) technique to evaluate the contributions of sediment sources in the Panama Canal Watershed
Authors: Peralta José , Calvo Lucas , Gil Reinaldo , Llerena Yanna , Broce Kathia , Franco Ana , Cherigo Jacinto
Published: August 2023

Sedimentation processes have negative socioeconomic and environmental consequences, ranging from eutrophication phenomena, loss of water quality in surface water bodies, effects on the potential for hydroelectric generation, etc. Frequently, anthropic activity is the main cause that enhances these processes through changes in land use that can lead to landscape modifications. Therefore, it is relevant to evaluate this phenomenon and to be able to discriminate the influence of different land uses on the contributions to sediment loads at different scales. The novel Compound Specific Stable Isotopes technique allows the evaluation of sediment inputs associated with different land use changes in a study region. In the present work this technique was used in the Alhajuela Lake sub-basin, within the Panama Canal Watershed. The contribution levels of three (3) representative land uses (forest, pasture and sediment) in the study area were evaluated for the sediments present in sixteen (16) selected mixing points. The main contributions of the sources to the sediments present in the main rivers and tributaries flowing into Alhajuela Lake, in the sub-basin of the same name, were identified. The results obtained are consistent with observations and measurements of sedimentation in the study area.
Preclinical Testing Techniques: Paving the Way to New Oncology Screening Approaches
Authors: Van Rijt Antonia , Stefanek Evan , Valente Karolina
Published: August 2023

Prior to clinical trials, preclinical testing of oncology drug candidates is performed by evaluating drug candidates with in vitro and in vivo platforms. For in vivo testing, animal models are used to evaluate the toxicity and efficacy of drug candidates. However, animal models often display poor translational results as many drugs that pass preclinical testing fail when tested in humans, with oncology drugs exhibiting especially poor acceptance rates. The FDA Modernization Act 2.0 promotes alternative preclinical testing techniques, presenting the opportunity to use higher complexity in vitro models as an alternative to in vivo testing, including 3D cell culture models. 3D tissue cultures address many of the shortcomings of 2D cultures by more closely replicating the tumour microenvironment through a combination of realistic drug diffusion, paracrine signaling, cellular phenotype, and vascularization that can better mimic native human tissue. This review will discuss the common forms of 3D cell culture, including cell spheroids, organoids, organs-on-a-chip, and 3D bioprinted tissues. Their advantages and limitations will be presented, aiming to discuss the use of these 3D models to accurately represent human tissue and as an alternative to animal testing. The use of 3D culture platforms for preclinical drug development is expected to accelerate as these platforms continue to improve in complexity, reliability, and translational predictivity.
Milling Mechanism and Chattering Stability of Nickel-Based Superalloy Inconel718
Authors: Zheng Jin , Zhang Yaoman , Qiao Hanying
Published: August 2023

Nickel-based Superalloy Inconel 718 is widely used in the aerospace industry for its excellent high-temperature strength and thermal stability. However, milling Inconel 718 presents challenges due to significantly increased cutting force and vibration, which is a typical difficult-to-machine material. This paper focuses on the milling process of Inconel 718, establishing a milling force model to analyze the force trends under various processing parameters. Finite element analysis is employed to study the stress and temperature fields during milling. Dynamic equations for milling Inconel 718 are developed, and stability lobe diagrams are generated based on modal experiments. Milling experiments on Inconel 718 validate the milling force model and finite element analysis results. The fmincon optimization algorithm is utilized to identify the optimal machining parameters for Inconel 718. Through this research, valuable insights into enhancing the efficiency and quality of Inconel 718 machining are provided. This study contributes to a deeper understanding of Inconel 718 milling behavior, offering crucial guidance for more efficient machining processes.
How Metal Influence on Reaction Mechanism of Antioxidants Considering the Solvent Effect: A DFT level Study
Authors: Delgado Alfaro Rogelio Alejandro , Gómez Sandoval Zeferino
Published: August 2023

Antioxidants are molecules that neutralize free radicals. In general, the reaction mechanisms of antioxidants are well known. The main reaction mechanisms of antioxidants are electron transfer (ET), proton transfer (PT), H atom transfer (HAT) and radical adduction (RAF). The study of these mechanisms is helpful to understand how antioxidants control high free radical levels on the cell. There are many studies focused on determine the main mechanism of an antioxidant to neutralize a wide spectrum of radicals, mainly reactive oxygen species (ROS) type radicals. Most of these antioxidants are polyphenols type compounds. Some esters, amides and metal-antioxidants have shown antioxidant activity. There are few experimental and theoretical studies about the antioxidant reaction mechanism of the aforementioned compounds. In this work, we shown the reaction mechanism proposed of an amide and its metal-antioxidant counterpart. We show how the presence of the metal increase the electron transfer on polar media and the H transfer in non-polar media. Even though, esters and amides are non-polar compound, the scavenger activity is good for the metal-antioxidant compound in no-polar media
The Performance of Alkynyl-Functionalized Benzoxazine Containing Phthalide Side Group and Cyano Group with Different Molecular Weights
Authors: Kang Nianjun , Yang Shuai , Xiong Xuhai , Han Anchang , Ren Rong , Wang Jing
Published: August 2023

Abstract: Because of outstanding heat resistance and processing qualities, benzoxazine resins are widely employed in a variety of applications. However, traditional benzoxazine resins still confront hurdles in today's engineering applications, such as can’t long-term service in high-temperature settings and inadequate toughness. Four alkyne-functionalized benzoxazines with phthalide side group and cyano group of varying molecular weights were produced in this study. Fourier trans-form infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and hydrogen nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy ( 1H-NMR ) were used to characterize the resin structure, and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) was used to investigate the thermal curing kinetics at different warming rates, the apparent activation energy was 116.9 kJ/mol. In-situ FTIR was used to investigate the cure mechanism. Dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) was used to evaluate the gelationation time of BOZ series resins at various temperatures, and the curing process was designed by combined the results of DSC. The Tg of the composites made using BOZ-1N21 as the matrix was 336°C, which was much higher than the Tg of the BP-a resin made with aniline, phenolphthalein, and formaldehyde (Tg=251°C). As a result, the resin system is expected to be employed in applications requiring high-temperature resistance and toughness.
A Method for Detecting Surface Damage of Large Reflector Antenna Wheel-Rail Based on Electromagnetic Ultrasonic Technology
Authors: Ban You , Jin Cong , Feng Shufei
Published: August 2023

The azimuth wheel-rail of large aperture radio telescope is the key component, it not only sup-ports the whole weight of the antenna, but also directly affects the pointing performance of the antenna with its surface accuracy. The whole weight of the radio telescope is hundreds or even thousands of tons, its azimuth frame rollers have great contact stress with the wheel-rail surface, repeated rolling can cause rolling contact fatigue on the wheel-rail surface, resulting in wear, cracks and other damage to the wheel-rail, and even lead to failure or fracture of the wheel-rail in serious cases, so it is very important to monitor the damage of the antenna wheel-rail. In order to visually detect the use of antenna wheel-rail surface, this paper proposed the method using electromagnetic ultrasonic detection to detect the damage of antenna wheel-rail surface for the first time. Based on the electromagnetic ultrasonic nondestructive testing principle, the simplified wheel-rail model containing wear, corrosion and crack damage is simulated. The results show that this method can effectively detect the surface damage of the antenna wheel-rail surface, and it can provide an important reference for the research of wheel-rail damage detection of large radio telescope.
Influence of Various Factors on the Structure of Fibriallar Matrices Based on Ultrafine Poly-3-Hydroxybutyrate Fibers Obtained by Electrospinning
Authors: Olkhov A. A. , P.М. Tyubaeva , Zernova Yulia , Markin Valery , Kosenko Regina , Filatova Anna G. , Gasparyan Kristina G. , Iordanskii Alexey L.
Published: August 2023

: The article examines the regularities of structure formation of ultrafine fibers based on poly-3-hydroxybutyrat under the influence of technological (electrical conductivity, viscosity), molecular (molecular weight), and external factors (low-molecular and nanodispersed substances of different chemical nature). Systems with polar substances are characterized by the presence of intermolecular interactions and the formation of a more perfect crystalline fiber structure. Changes in technological and molecular characteristics affect the fiber formation process, resulting in alterations in the morphology of the non-woven fabric, fiber geometry, and supramolecular fiber structure. Polymer molecular weight, electrical conductivity, and solution viscosity influence fiber formation and fiber diameter. The fiber structure is heterogeneous, consisting of both crystalline and non-equilibrium amorphous phases. This is significant in the development of matrix-fibrillar systems for drug delivery, bioactive substances, antiseptics, tissue engineering constructs, tissue engineering scaffolds, artificial biodegradable implants, sorbents, and other applications.
Investigating of Structural Evolution and Catalytic Activity of c-Co/Co3Mo Electrocatalyst for Alkaline Hydrogen Evolution Reaction
Authors: Chen Long , Jiang Liwen , Wang Jianjun
Published: August 2023

Transition metal alloys have emerged as promising electrocatalysts due to their ability to modulate key parameters such as d-band electron filling, Fermi level energy, and interatomic spacing, thereby influencing their affinity towards reaction intermediates. However, the structural stability of alloy electrocatalysts during alkaline hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) remains a subject of debate. In this study, we systematically investigate the structural evolution and catalytic activity of the c-Co/Co3Mo electrocatalyst under alkaline HER conditions. We reveal that the instability of the Co3Mo alloy and H0.9MoO3 during alkaline HER leads to the destruction of the crystal structure, resulting in the formation of hexagonal cobalt (h-Co) from hexagonal Co(OH)2 as an intermediate species. Furthermore, we explore the re-adsorption and surface coordination of the Mo element, which enhances the catalytic activity for alkaline HER. This work provides valuable insights into the dynamic behavior of alloy-based electrocatalysts, shedding light on their structural stability and catalytic activity during electrochemical reduction processes
Hydrogen Embrittlement Resistance of SUS316L Forged Rod According to Tensile Speed at Room Temperature
Authors: Cho Daehwan , Ahn Moktan , Park Joonhong
Published: August 2023

Research has been actively conducted on the materials used to commercialize finished products that use hydrogen energy. Hydrogen embrittlement that occurs when hydrogen atoms penetrate metals is the largest problem that must be addressed first regarding safety. Because liquefied hydrogen has an 800 times higher density than hydrogen gas, hydrogen has been stored and transported through liquefaction at -253℃ using helium gas as a refrigerant. However, even if extreme temperatures below zero are maintained, natural vaporization loss that reduces liquefied hydrogen by 3 to 5% of the tank storage capacity per day occurs. In addition, when liquefied hydrogen is converted into high-pressure hydrogen gas for use, it is difficult to completely prevent the loss of the gas, even if sealing technology is applied to prevent gas leaks in transport and storage tanks. Therefore, methods to minimize the loss of hydrogen, establishment of assessment criteria for the embrittlement caused by a small amount of hydrogen gas, and related research are essential. We researched the hydrogen embrittlement resistance of SUS316L rods according to the tensile speed by conducting water electrolysis testing at room temperature, at which hydrogen gas is used to present hydrogen embrittlement assessment criteria for primary ring-shaped forged products.
Global Sensitivity of Penman-Monteith Reference Evapotranspiration to Climatic Variables in Mato Grosso, Brazil
Authors: Sabino Marlus , Souza Adilson Pacheco de
Published: August 2023

Understanding how climatic variables impact the reference evapotranspiration (ET0) is essential for water resource management, especially considering potential fluctuations due to climate change. Therefore, we used the Sobol method to analyze the spatiotemporal variations of Penman-Monteith ETo sensitivity to the climatic variables: downward solar radiation, relative humidity, maximum and minimum air temperature, and wind speed. The Sobol’s indices variances were estimated by Monte Carlo integration, setting the sample limits to 2.5 and 97.5 percentiles of the daily data of 33 automatic weather stations located in the state of Mato Grosso, Brazil. The results of the Sobol analysis indicate considerable spatiotemporal variations in the sensitivity of ETo to climatic variables and their interactions. The dominant climatic variable responsible for ET0 fluctuations in Mato Grosso is incident solar radiation, which has a more significant impact in humid environments, as observed in the areas of the Amazon biome in the state. Air relative humidity and wind speed have higher sensitivity indices during the dry season in the areas of the Cerrado biome (Savanna) in Mato Grosso. Our findings show that changes in solar radiation, relative humidity, and wind speed cannot be ignored when analyzing changes in reference evapotranspiration.
Course Prophet: A Machine Learning-Based System for Early Prediction of Student Failure in Numerical Methods Course in the Bachelor’s Degree in Engineering at the University of Córdoba, Colombia
Authors: Caicedo-Castro Isaac
Published: August 2023

In this paper, we address the following research question: Is feasibility to use an artificial intelligence system to predict the risk of student failure in a course based solely on their performance in prerequisite courses? Adopting a machine learning-based quantitative approach, we implement Course Prophet, the prototype of a predictive system that maps the input variables representing student performance to the target variable, i.e., the risk of course failure. We evaluate multiple machine learning methods and find that the Gaussian process with Matern kernel outperforms other methods, achieving the highest accuracy and a favorable trade-off between precision and recall. We conduct this research in the context of the students pursuing a Bachelor’s degree in Systems Engineering at the University of Córdoba, Colombia. In this context, we focus on predicting the risk of failing the Numerical Methods course. In conclusion, the main contribution of this research is the development of Course Prophet, providing an efficient and accurate tool for predicting student failure in the Numerical Methods course based on their academic history in prerequisite courses.
Meta-Analysis of Polyethylene Glycol and Cellulose-based Polymers in Vaccine and Drug Delivery: A Comprehensive Review
Authors: Aldaais Ebtisam Abdullatif
Published: August 2023

Due to their distinct physical, chemical, and biological characteristics, biopolymers, in particular Poly Ethylene Glycol (PEG) and Cellulose, are frequently used in biomedical medicine as drug or vaccine delivery systems. In this study, we have done a systematic review and a meta-analysis to compare current developments in many PEG and cellulose-based hydrogels, including double network hydrogels, injectable hydrogels, sliding hydrogels, conductive hydrogels, responsive hydrogels, and nanocomposite hydrogels. The pharmacokinetic properties, including physicochemical properties, biocompatibility, biodegradability, temperature, and pH, have been studied as these critical factors are to be considered for deciding the suitability of the drug for delivery. Moreover, the study has evaluated the controlled-release parameters such as half-life, circulation time, maximum release percentage of loaded drug released, burst release, maximum release, and drug-release kinetics. Finally, the efficacy and immune response of hydrogel was studied for future choice, including the cellulose hydrogel system in COVID-related long-term vaccine delivery. The finding revealed that cellulose-based hydrogel is effective for vaccine delivery.
Microwave-Assisted Synthesis as a Promising Tool for the Preparation of Materials Containing Defective Carbon Nanostructures: Implications on Properties and Applications
Authors: Pawelski Damian , Plonska-Brzezinska Marta E.
Published: August 2023

In this review, we focus on a small section of the extensive literature that deals with the materials containing pristine defective CNs and those incorporated in the hybrid materials. We will discuss only those topics that focus on structural defects related to the introduction of perturbation into the surface topology of a nanostructure. We focus mainly on the method using microwave (MW) irradiation, which is a powerful tool for synthesizing and modifying carbon-based solid materials. In addition, the simplicity of the technique, economy, and the possibility of conducting the reaction in solvents and solid phase, in the presence of components of different chemical nature, allows use in various combinations. In this review, we will emphasize the advantages of synthesis using MW-assisted heating and indicate the influence of the structure of the obtained materials on their physical and chemical properties. We will also highlight the role of the occurrence of defects in the carbon material and the implication in designing their properties and applications.
Necrotizing Fasciitis? A Mimic Produced by an Unusual Presentation of Necrotizing Neutrophilic Dermatosis of the Hand
Authors: Abdul-Rassoul Hussein , Hight Robert , Chadha Angad , Strelzow Jason
Published: August 2023

Case:

A 50-year-old woman presented to our emergency department with hand pain and a laceration. Despite administration of antibiotics, the patient progressively worsened leading to a concern for a necrotizing soft-tissue infection. She underwent multiple debridements yet continued to worsen clinically. Tissue biopsy was eventually consistent with a necrotizing neutrophilic dermatosis. The patient was then started on oral steroids with rapid improvement of her clinical status and hand examination.

Conclusion:

While neutrophilic dermatoses are rare, the orthopaedic surgeon treating soft-tissue infections should maintain a broad differential when treatment of a potential necrotizing infection has not led to diagnostic closure and clinical improvement.
Ulnar Nerve Compression at the Elbow Secondary to Intramuscular Lipoma of the Flexor Carpi Ulnaris
Authors: Tuaño Krystle R. , Fisher Marlie H. , Franzoni Demitri V. , Iorio Matthew L.
Published: August 2023

Case:

A 62-year-old right-hand-dominant woman presented with 1 year of persistent radiating pain, weakness, and paresthesias in her left forearm and hand. Electromyography findings were significant for ulnar neuropathy distal to the branch innervating the flexor carpi ulnaris (FCU), without superimposed cervical radiculopathy or other focal entrapment neuropathy. During open ulnar nerve neurolysis, an intramuscular lipoma was encountered within the FCU. Lipoma excision and cubital tunnel release with ulnar nerve transposition were performed with complete relief of neuropraxia.

Conclusion:

We demonstrate full neurologic recovery after intramuscular lipoma excision and cubital tunnel release. Although rare, anomalous anatomy and tissue overgrowth should remain on the differential for patients presenting with atypical neuropraxia.
Coupled channel-floodplain dynamics and resulting stratigraphic architecture viewed through a mass-balance lens
Authors: Straub Kyle M. , Dutt Ripul , Duller Robert A.
Published: August 2023

Basin-wide accommodation production and associated sediment mass deposition exert fundamental controls on stratigraphic architecture, but the details of this relationship are not fully understood. This is because it is unknown how accommodation production directly influences morphodynamics both in terms of channel process (i.e., channel migration, channel avulsion) and floodplain process, both of which are themselves coupled dynamically and are critical to the nature of stratigraphic architecture. To address this, we expand upon existing theory that links sediment mass balance and resultant stratigraphic architecture. We use two fan-delta experiments that each experience different rates of accommodation production to measure key surface morphometrics and subsurface sedimentary characteristics. Importantly, sediment was transported in bedload and suspension in these experiments, allowing for construction of strata characterized by channel bodies surrounded by overbank strata deposited from suspension fallout. From these data we use three key timescales to capture the overall behavior of the system when placed into mass balance space; avulsion setup timescales (TA) and channel mobility timescales (TV) that define short-term surface autogenics, and an accretion timescale (TC) that incorporates longer term deposition. We find that the ratio of both TC/TA and TC/TV are independent of accommodation production rate in mass-balance space, which supports a self-organized response of channel dynamics to environmental boundary conditions. The fraction of strata generated from key depositional environments largely supports this behavior, particularly for channel sand bodies that resulted in deposition from bedload transport. As such, our results suggest that channel body density is independent of accommodation production rate in a mass-balance space. We found that, although contributing to a significant fraction of the basin strata, far-field overbank deposition rates are insensitive to accommodation production and that differences in autogenic timescales between experiments largely resulted from differences in channel deposition rates, highlighting the close coupling between channel dynamics and accommodation generation. More generally the observed self-organized response of surface morphodynamics to accommodation production in mass-balance space provides a process-based framework to explain the utility of balancing mass for the prediction of down-system sediment size fractionation and sedimentary architecture.
The Boundary Areas Structure of the Malko-Petropavlovsk Fracture Zone from Local Seismic Tomography and Earthquake Foci Mechanisms Data
Authors: Bushenkova N.A. , Kuchay O.A.
Published: August 2023

—This study continues analysis of the new seismic tomographic structure of the suprasubduction complex of the central zone of Kamchatka, obtained from the dense local networks data of 2018–2020, and is devoted to the analysis of the velocity structure in the Malko-Petropavlovsk fracture zone margins and around them. The seismic tomographic model involves about 98,000 P- and S-wave travel times from 2963 local earthquakes from August 2018 to July 2020. The resolution of this model makes it possible to trace the feeding systems of volcanoes of the South Kamchatka and East Volcanic Belt to the slab surface, as well as to identify subvertical structural faults. To construct the orientations of the compression and extension axes we used the foci mechanisms of 41 earthquakes with М ≥ 4.5 from the catalog of the International Seismological Center for the period 1979–2019. Along the Malko-Petropavlovsk fracture zone, the Avacha transform fault is clearly traced in the geometry and mutual arrangement of velocity anomalies almost throughout the entire depth of the model. Comparison of seismic anomalies with a map of the directions of the compression and extension axes distribution from the earthquake foci mechanisms showed the correlation between the change in the value of the velocity anomalies along the Avacha transform fault with the axes direction change by almost 180°. A near-surface low-velocity anomaly to the depths of 25–35 km was found along the western border of the Malko-Petropavlovsk zone under the southern tip of the Sredinny Ridge. This anomaly probably marks the axes junction zone boundary of the ancient volcanic front along the Sredinny Ridge and the modern active Eastern Volcanic Belt, which formed as a result of the Kronotsky paleoarc accretion. To the west from the Sredinny Ridge southern tip, another low-velocity anomaly was revealed. This anomaly was traced to a depth of ~150 km, has a contrasting southern boundary confirmed by the distribution of the compression and extension axes directions by the earthquake foci mechanisms and apparently marks the southern boundary of the West Kamchatka block.
Polêmicas em torno dos signos “evidência científica” e “inclusão” – uma análise de enunciados do Ministério da Educação no Brasil (2018-2022)
Authors: Mendonça Marina Célia
Published: August 2023

Este artigo apresenta, a partir da perspectiva da Análise Dialógica do Discurso, discussão de polêmicas presentes em enunciados do Ministério da Educação do governo federal brasileiro sob a presidência de Jair Bolsonaro. Compõem o corpus enunciados da Política Nacional de Alfabetização (PNA), instituída em 2019, e da Política Nacional de Educação Especial, lançada em 2020. O objetivo é entender como a polêmica presente na vida, na guerra cultural vivida pelos brasileiros, materializa-se em documentos direcionados à educação. A análise centrou-se nas polêmicas manifestas nos signos “inclusão” e “evidência científica”. Os resultados apontam diferentes formas de manifestação das vozes sociais nos signos em pauta (ora se reduz, ora se amplia o sentido do signo), sendo que ambas indicam uma orientação pouco democrática do MEC.