bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Unsteady Loads of a Scaled Rotor on and Near the Landing Deck of the NATO Generic Destroyer with Concurrent Stereo PIV and Surface Pressure Measurements
Authors: Chen Wei-Han , Rauleder Juergen
Published: September 2024

Rotorcraft shipboard operations are risky and demand high piloting skills. To gain further understanding and familiarize pilots with these complicated scenarios, various methods of computational simulations have been used in the past decades. Yet, some simulation methods may not capture
a realistic response of the rotorcraft due to simplified modeling of the interactional aerodynamics in order to achieve real-time capability for pilot training. Thus, improvements to these simulations are required, and experimental data that unveil the interactional aerodynamics and dynamics
between the rotor and ship are needed for computational validation efforts. In this study, an extensive experimental investigation of the ship‐rotor dynamic interface problem was conducted to gain a general understanding of the interactional aerodynamics between a 1:100 wind-tunnel-scale
NATO Generic Destroyer and a representative single main rotor, operating both stationary and dynamically moving in space in the vicinity of the landing deck. Data obtained through simultaneous measurements of rotor hub loads, ship deck surface pressures, and stereoscopic particle image velocimetry
flow fields gave valuable insight into the highly coupled aerodynamic phenomena. Results showed that the rotor hub loads exhibited a high dependency on both the wind direction and also the position of the rotor relative to the landing deck. A bifurcation in the regions of high unsteady thrust
was observed under certain wind conditions due to the ship airwake, impacting different portions of the rotor disk. The inflow angles across the rotor disk were estimated and assessed through flow field measurement, revealing how the ship airwake altered the rotor inflow and wake structure
that contributed to the unique change in rotor loads under various hovering conditions.
The ethical ‘boundary’ in psychopharmacology
Authors: Tempesta Enrico , Mannelli Paolo , Janiri Luigi
Published: September 2024

Man's encounter with substances capable of producing changes in his state of consciousness, behaviour and emotional sphere is an ancient experience, dating back to the earliest forms of civilisation on our planet.
Notes on professional liability in psychotherapy
Authors: Scapati F. , Greco O. , Catanesi R.
Published: September 2024

The current psychiatric context is characterised by a growing demand for psychological help and/or treatment; the increased demand has consequently led to a proportional expansion of the offer, which has led to the uncontrolled proliferation of psychotherapies and psychotherapists who have progressively extended their field of intervention well beyond the psychopathological disorder in the strict sense of the term, also targeting persons whose aim is not to ‘normalise’ their functions but to ‘optimise’ their performance.
Epileptic pathology and mental handicap
Authors: Mazza Salvatore , Azzoni Antonella , Laudisio Alfredo
Published: September 2024

The not uncommon association, in the same individual, of phenomena of an epileptic nature with a certain degree of mental handicap means that this pathology must be given special interest on both a scientific and a human and social level.
Preoperative Anxiety Scores as Predictors of Postoperative Outcomes in Pediatrics Undergoing Cardiac Surgery: An Observational Study
Authors: Abbas Sherif Mamdouh , Mohammed Abdelhamid M. , Khedr Hisham , Zarif Pierre
Published: September 2024

Background:

Preoperative anxiety has a significant impact on many pediatric surgery patients annually. This study aimed to evaluate the preoperative anxiety scores as predictors of postoperative outcomes in children undergoing cardiac surgery.

Subjects and Methods:

This cohort study involved 133 children between the ages of 2 and 6 years who underwent cardiac surgery. Preoperative anxiety was evaluated using the happy, relaxed, anxious, distressed scale (HRAD±), Modified Yale Preoperative Anxiety Scale (mYPAS), and Induction Compliance Checklist (ICC) scores. Emergence agitation (EA) was assessed using the Watcha scale at 30 min intervals during the initial 4 h period and again at 24 h. The study’s primary outcome was the correlation between the HRAD± score and postoperative agitation. Secondary outcomes included the correlation between each of the mYPAS and ICC scores and postoperative agitation, as well as the incidence and severity of postoperative agitation.

Results:

Anxiety was observed in 70.68% of patients. The mean mYPAS score increased after separation, entering the operating room, and during induction of anesthesia compared to the holding area (49.3 ± 5.27, 51.7 ± 4.98, 63.4 ± 5.8 vs. 36.7 ± 4.6). There were significant positive associations between postoperative agitation and preoperative agitation scores, including HRAD±, mYPAS, and ICC scores (P < 0.001). The incidence and severity of EA were high at 0.5 h and then decreased over 24 h postoperatively.

Conclusion:

Preoperative HRAD±, mYPAS, and ICC scores may predict postoperative agitation in children undergoing cardiac surgery.
The Association between Dynamic Pressure Gradient and Mortality in Patients with Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome in a Pediatric Intensive Care Unit: A Single-Center Retrospective Cohort
Authors: Goey Magdalena Rusady , Hartawan I Nyoman Budi , Wati Dyah Kanya , Suparyatha Ida Bagus Gede , Sinardja Siska
Published: September 2024

Background:

Lung-protective ventilation strategies, one of which is to limit peak inspiratory pressure (PIP), are recommended in the management of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). The purpose of this study was to determine whether dynamic pressure gradient, defined as the difference between PIP and positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP), is associated with pediatric ARDS mortality in the pediatric intensive care unit (PICU).

Materials and Methods:

This was a retrospective, single-center cohort study with consecutive sampling. Children aged 1 month to 18 years with ARDS who were admitted to PICU and used invasive mechanical ventilator between January and December 2023 were included. Patient’s demographic data, pediatric logistic organ dysfunction 2 (PELOD-2) score, oxygenation index (OI), oxygen saturation index (OSI), PEEP, and dynamic pressure gradient were collected from the patient’s medical record. The outcome is mortality, which is measured upon discharge.

Results:

The subjects’ median age was 6 months, predominantly male (64.06%). The etiology of ARDS was pneumonia (90.63%) and sepsis (9.37%). Bivariate analysis showed that dynamic pressure gradient (OR = 4.77, 95% CI=1.47–15.5, P = 0.003), PEEP (OR = 3.21, 95% CI = 1.07–9.52, P = 0.033), and PELOD-2 score at 24–72 h (OR = 3.68, 95% CI = 1.146–11.83, P = 0.024) had a significant association with mortality of ARDS patients at PICU. The results of multivariate analysis showed that dynamic pressure gradient had a significant relationship with the mortality of ARDS patients at PICU (OR = 5.22, 95% CI = 1.47–18.56, P = 0.015).

Conclusion:

Dynamic pressure gradient was associated with mortality in pediatric patients with ARDS who were treated in PICU.
Hemodynamic Changes of Women with Preeclampsia Undergoing Spinal Anesthesia for Emergency Cesarean Section: A Prospective Observational Study
Authors: Loh Celestine Jia Ling , Qi Yueyue , Sultana Rehena , Tan Chin Wen , Sng Ban Leong , Yahaya Zanariah
Published: September 2024

Background:

Preeclampsia is a multisystem disorder in pregnancy and remains a significant cause of maternal morbidity and mortality. In this prospective observational study, we used a continuous noninvasive cardiac output monitor to investigate the changes in arterial blood pressure, cardiac output, systemic vascular resistance, stroke volume, and stroke volume variation during the immediate perioperative period.

Materials and Methods:

Women with preeclampsia undergoing emergency cesarean section under spinal anesthesia were recruited in this prospective observational study. Cardiac output and arterial blood pressures were measured by the Nexfin monitor. Cardiovascular parameters were recorded intraoperatively and up to 48 h postoperatively. The primary outcome was to examine the differences in cardiac output between the intraoperative and postoperative periods.

Results:

Thirty patients included in the data analysis had a mean age of 35.6 ± 5.2 years and gestation of 35.4 ± 2.1 weeks. Post-spinal anesthesia, 50% experienced hypotension. 26.7% had nausea, 10% vomited, and other events included shivering, reactive hypertension, and bradycardia. The use of spinal anesthesia was associated with a significant reduction in systolic (126.7 ± 16.9 vs. 142.0 ± 21.2 mm Hg, P < 0.001), diastolic (71.2 ± 8.4 vs. 77.0 ± 11.3 mm Hg, P < 0.001), mean arterial pressure (92.6 ± 12.2 vs. 103.7 ± 15.3 mm Hg, P < 0.001), cardiac output, and stroke volume compared to postoperative readings. No significant difference was found in cardiac output, cardiac index, or systemic vascular resistance indices between the intraoperative and postoperative periods.

Conclusion:

Spinal anesthesia may have short-term hemodynamic changes in women with preeclampsia. Continuous noninvasive cardiac monitoring can be used to monitor specific cardiac hemodynamic parameters, which may resolve in the immediate postoperative period.
Comparative Evaluation of Hard- and Soft-tissue Changes in Immediate Implant Placement Using Flapless Approach with and without Demineralized Freeze-dried Bone Allograft Clinically and Radiographically Using Cone-beam Computed Tomography
Authors: Purohit Mukesh , Kolte Abhay P. , Kolte Rajashri A. , Trivedi Divya S
Published: September 2024

Objectives:

The present study evaluated hard- and soft-tissue changes in immediate implants using flapless approach with and without demineralized freeze-dried bone allograft (DFDBA) clinically and radiographically using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT).

Materials and Methods:

Thirty-two sites in patients requiring immediate implants in the maxillary anterior region including the premolars were grouped according to the treatment provided with (test group) or without (control group) DFDBA. Plaque index, probing depth, soft-tissue assessment using Testori Esthetic Score (TS), and ridge width were recorded at baseline and postoperatively at 6 and 12 months, while crestal bone height (CBH), buccal bone thickness (BBT), jump space (JS), and gingival thickness were evaluated using CBCT at baseline and 12 months.

Results:

Considerable differences among the different time lines and the groups in favor of the test group were prominently seen on the midfacial aspects at 12 months, with CBH values of −0.28 ± 0.17 mm in the test group as compared to −0.78 ± 0.34 in the control group (P < 0.0001). The JS was maximum on the buccal aspects being 1.42 ± 0.87 mm in the test group and 1.12 ± 0.81 mm in the control group which reduced at 12 months to 0.13 ± 0.35 mm and 0.73 ± 0.79 mm, respectively.

Conclusion:

Immediate implants with DFDBA augmentation using a flapless protocol demonstrated reduced CBH with resolution of JS and increased BBT, especially at the coronal aspects which influence the tissue stability and overall esthetics.
Facilitating Seamless Integration of Game-based Assessments in Medical Education
Authors: Shrivastava Saurabh RamBihariLal , Bobhate Prateek Sudhakar , Petkar Prithvi Brahmanand , Tiwade Yugeshwari R , Badge Ankit K
Published: September 2024

A health-care professional is expected to hone multiple skills that are not limited to possessing medical knowledge and clinical skills. Game-based assessments are an innovative type of assessment method that combines the features of gamification and simulation to revolutionize the delivery of medical education. These assessments have the potential to promote active engagement of students by ensuring sustained interest, which is not possible to accomplish with conventional assessments. Even though game-based assessments have immense scope in medical education delivery and have been linked with multiple merits, there are potential concerns with regard to their implementation in medical institutions. In conclusion, game-based assessments offer an immersive approach to assessing the performance of medical students, especially in the domain of critical thinking and decision-making. However, the process of planning and implementation of game-based assessment has its own share of challenges, and we must adopt a systematic approach to overcome the challenges and benefit students.
In vitro Molecular Mechanisms of Anticancer Activity of Stevioside in Human Osteosarcoma Cell Lines (Sarcoma Osteogenic)
Authors: Prithiksha N. , Priyadharshini R.
Published: September 2024

Introduction:

Osteosarcoma (OS) is a rare and aggressive form of bone cancer that primarily affects the long bones of the body, such as the arms and legs. It is characterized by the uncontrolled growth of malignant cells in the bone tissue, leading to the formation of abnormal and painful bone masses. Steviol glycosides have been widely used as natural noncalorie sweeteners and are the collective name of the sweet substances found naturally in the plant Stevia rebaudiana, which is commonly called Stevia. Our study aimed to analyze the anticancer activity of Stevioside in OS.

Materials and Methods:

Stevioside was applied to OS cells, and the levels of Bcl xL, Bcl-2, and Bax were then estimated. The results of three separate studies, each carried out in triplicate, were expressed as the mean ± standard errors of the mean (SEM). One-way ANOVA was used for statistical analysis.

Results:

The findings showed that the effect of Stevioside on sarcoma osteogenic cells with mean ± SEM as 0.74 ± 0.05, 0.69 ± 0.09, 0.46 ± 0.09 for Bcl-xL gene, 0.98 ± 0.06, 0.58 ± 0.07, 0.5 ± 0.07 for Bcl-2 gene, and 1.2 ± 0.08, 1.45 ± 0.11, 1.67 ± 0.12 for Bax gene, respectively, when treated with untreated control cells.

Conclusion:

The study concludes its action against bone OS cells was significant with apoptotic induction. Stevia has a wide range of health benefits as well as being a plant-based diet it has less of side effects and promoting features even by intaking it daily along with other medicines.
Effect of Chlorhexidine and Povidone-iodine Mouth Rinses on Corrosion Resistance and Surface Characteristics of Stainless Steel Orthodontic Brackets – An in vitro and in vivo Study
Authors: Pugalendhi Ragul , Varma N. K. Sapna , Ghosh Parvathy , Ajith V. V. , Nair Deepika Jayakrishnan
Published: September 2024

Background:

Stainless steel (SS) orthodontic brackets may have varying corrosion resistance when used with mouthwashes during orthodontic treatment. Studying their effects on orthodontic brackets will be beneficial.

Aim:

The study’s objective was to analyze the surface characteristics of SS orthodontic brackets and their resistance to corrosion, exposed to chlorhexidine and povidone-iodine mouth rinses – an in vitro and in vivo study.

Materials and Methods:

The in vitro test: MBT 0.022” slot SS orthodontic brackets were immersed in three groups – Group A – Modified Meyer-Fusayama artificial saliva (AS), Group B – Chlorhexidine, and Group C – Povidone-iodine mouthwash. The in vivo test: Brackets were conventionally bonded on the patient’s teeth and divided into Group I – control group, Group II – patients used chlorhexidine, and Group III used povidone-iodine mouth rinse. The corrosion resistance and surface characteristics of SS brackets were determined using scanning electron microscope (SEM), electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy.

Results:

Higher corrosion resistance was obtained for brackets immersed in chlorhexidine mouth rinse. The polarization resistance value of the orthodontic SS bracket was 109 MΩ, 1383 MΩ, and 769 MΩ immersed in AS, chlorhexidine, and povidone-iodine mouth rinse, respectively. After surface chemical analysis, XPS data showed the largest intensity peak of metallic chromium (CrO) fresh sample and in the sample immersed in chlorhexidine mouthwash. According to SEM, brackets immersed in chlorhexidine showed a relatively smooth surface.

Conclusion:

In this study, chlorhexidine was found to be less corrosive followed by povidone-iodine.
Effect of the Proximity of Roots to the Cortical Plate and Inclination of Incisors on External Apical Root Resorption
Authors: Mehta Shivam , Chen Po-Jung , Lin Meng-Hsuan , Sharma Gauri , Mehta Falguni , Kuo Chia-Ling , Tadinada Aditya , Yadav Sumit
Published: September 2024

Background:

External apical root resorption (EARR) is an unfavorable side effect of orthodontic treatment. Orthodontic treatment of patients with increased crowding could lead to the proclination of incisors and proximity of roots to the cortical plates.

Aims:

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of the proximity of the labial and lingual cortical plates and the inclination of incisors on EARR.

Settings and Design:

Twenty-six patients (age: 13.39 years) with nonextraction fixed orthodontic treatment were evaluated at pretreatment and posttreatment (52 cone-beam computed tomographies).

Materials and Methods:

The maxillary and mandibular incisors (416 teeth) were evaluated for the pretreatment predictors such as the labial and palatal (lingual) cortical plate thickness, width of the mandibular symphysis/maxillary alveolus and cancellous bone, position of the root apex in cancellous/cortical bone, and treatment factors such as distance of root to the labial and palatal (lingual) outer and inner cortical plate and incisor inclination.

Statistical Analysis Used:

Statistical analyses were performed with R software at a 0.05 significance level. Each parameter was compared between pretreatment and posttreatment by a paired t-test, and the association to root resorption was performed using a regression model.

Results:

Clinically significant (>1 mm) root resorption was observed in 35% of all mandibular incisors and 52% of all maxillary incisors. Width of cancellous bone, position of the root apex in cortical bone, proximity of the root apex to the labial and palatal (lingual) outer cortical plate, lingual inner cortical plate, and proclination of incisors were significant factors associated with EARR.

Conclusions:

Proximity to the cortical plates and proclination of incisors are associated with increased EARR.
Multidisciplinary Management of Alveolar, Functional, and Esthetic Preservation of Incisor With Failed Root Treatment: A Case Report
Authors: Sánchez-Beltrán Jesús Manuel , Rodríguez-Cárdenas Yalil Augusto , Ruíz-Mora Gustavo Armando , Castillo Aron Aliaga-Del , Zazueta Nadia Carolina , Arriola-Guillén Luis Ernesto
Published: September 2024

We aimed to describe the diagnosis and treatment of an upper right central incisor with an unfavorable prognosis. A 16-year-old man with a history of severe dentoalveolar trauma with avulsion and a failed attempt at endodontic treatment of apexification, dyschromia, and severe internal root resorption was treated. The psychosocial conditions of this pediatric patient played a role in choosing the option of maintaining the incisor for alveolar preservation to plan prosthetic replacement with an osseointegrated implant in adulthood.
Assessment of Effect of Flowable Composite on the Shear Bond Strength of Sapphire Bracket Bonded to Composite Restoration: An in Vitro Study
Authors: Danha Luma Salim , Rafeeq Reem Atta
Published: September 2024

Introduction: We aimed to assess the effect of flowable composite on shear bond strength (SBS) of sapphire bracket bonded to composite restoration. Methods: Forty composite discs (3M Filtek Z250) were allocated into four groups: control group (C) conventional primer (Transbond XT) with conventional composite (Transbond XT adhesive paste) was used, group (F1): conventional bonding agent, group (F2): universal bonding agent (Scotchbond) and group (F3): all surface bonding agent (Assure plus) were used with bulk fill flowable composite (3M Filtek), then sapphire brackets were bonded to the composite discs. After bonding, the specimens were thermocycled for 5000 cycles, SBS was measured, and the adhesive remnant index (ARI) was determined. Results: One-way analysis of variance and the post-hoc Tukey’s test demonstrated significant differences between conventional and flowable composite. Kruskal–Wallis test found that there was no significant difference in ARI between the study groups. Conclusion: Flowable composite groups had significantly lower SBS than the control group.
Pediatric Systemic Lupus Erythematosus and Lupus Nephritis Successfully Treated with Rituximab: A Case Series
Authors: Pradhan Swetalina , Dash Gaurav
Published: September 2024

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a chronic autoimmune disease affecting multiple organ systems and skin with unpredictable flare and remission. Pediatric SLE is associated with significant morbidity and mortality due to severe organ involvement as compared to adults. Hence, management is challenging due to limited safe therapeutic options. Although systemic corticosteroids have been standard therapy, they have side effects such as infections, steroid-induced side effects, and organ toxicities and they delay skeletal growth in children. Hence, there is still a need for safe alternative drugs with good efficacy with sustained remission with minimal side effects, especially in children. Rituximab (RTX) has less adverse effects in comparison to systemic steroids which is a frequently prescribed drug in lupus nephritis (LN) for variable duration and also better tolerated among pediatric populations. However, it has conflicting results in terms of efficacy across different studies on adult and pediatric SLE. We are reporting a case series of pediatric SLE with LN treated successfully with 500 mg to 1 g RTX 15 days apart with significant improvement in skin lesions and LN without any recurrence and adverse reaction on long-term follow-up.
Cutis Marmorata Telengiectatica Congenita with Kimura’s Disease and Nephrotic Syndrome as a Sequele to Membranoproliferative Glomerulonephritis
Authors: Melissa Shruta , Bhat Ramesh , Martis Jacintha
Published: September 2024

Cutis marmorata telangiectatica congenita (CMTC) is a rare capillary malformation characterized by persistent reticulated marbled erythema. A 16-year-old boy presented with reddish net-like lesion over the left side of his body which was initially noticed at the age of three, with slight fading over the years which did not disappear on local warming. On examination, he had nonblanchable, reticular erythema over the left side of the body, not crossing the midline. After complete evaluation, a diagnosis of CMTC was made. CMTC has been associated with musculoskeletal anomalies, vascular abnormalities, cardiac defects, neurological defects, and ocular anomalies. Once CMTC is diagnosed, it is crucial to identify and manage any associated anomalies through a multidisciplinary approach. Additionally, the patient was also diagnosed with Kimura’s disease and nephrotic syndrome secondary to membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis.
Davener’s Dermatosis in Children: An Underrecognized Entity
Authors: Shashidhar Kotturningappar C. , Srinivas Sahana M.
Published: September 2024

Davener’s dermatosis is a variant of frictional hypermelanosis characterized by midline hyperpigmented patches with indistinct borders, typically distributed along the skin overlying the bony protuberances of the lower thoracolumbar spine. Hereby, we report two children aged 10 and 12 years who presented with hyperpigmented skin lesions on the lower back. Both children had a history of exposure to prolonged friction at the affected site. The clinical diagnosis of Davener’s dermatosis was made, supported by dermoscopic findings. The parents were educated regarding the benign nature of the condition and the required changes to be made in postural habits and avoidance of friction.
Beyond the Obvious: Acanthosis Nigricans as a Clue to the Rare Case of Rabson–Mendenhall Syndrome
Authors: Duraiswamy Ashwath , Aithal Sowmya S. , Aithal Sanath , Nandakumar Anmika
Published: September 2024

Rabson–Mendenhall syndrome (RMS) is a genetic disorder with autosomal recessive inheritance caused by mutations in the insulin receptor (INSR) gene. It is characterized by severe insulin resistance, acanthosis nigricans, skin tags, and growth retardation. Management of this condition is challenging and requires multidisciplinary approach. We present a case report on RMS in a 7-year-old girl who presented with coarse facies, acanthosis nigricans, skin tags, short stature, abdominal distension, and hyperglycemia with hyperinsulinemia. Her genetic analysis revealed a mutation in exon 3 of the INSR gene. The patient is being treated with tablet metformin and is being followed up.
“Mechanic’s Hand” with Polyarthralgia and Transient Autoimmune Features after COVID Vaccination
Authors: Patil Shital , Raka Vipul , Dahiphale Jayashri , Narkar Sanika , Choudhari Shubham , Gondhali Gajanan
Published: September 2024

Autoimmune diseases are now well reported with COVID vaccination. Rheumatological, neurological, cardiac, and hematological adverse events are observed globally. Dermatological adverse events are reported in a few cases but dermatological with rheumatological manifestation with reversible autoimmune phenomenon after COVID vaccination is not reported commonly in literature. “Mechanic’s hands” is blackish discoloration of palmar aspects of both hands and knuckles commonly reported in rheumatological autoimmune condition such as dermatomyositis. In this case report, a 28-year-old male presented with polyarthralgia with myalgia and fatigability after 1 month of COVID vaccination. His joint pain symptoms worsened over 4 weeks and developed blackish pigmentation of both hands predominantly involving palms to present as mechanic’s hands. Vasculitis workup was inconclusive and rheumatologic workup documented raised antinuclear antibody titers and rheumatoid factor. We have started him on steroid and hydroxychloroquine and observed satisfactory clinical response with near complete resolution of “mechanic’s hands” in 24 weeks. Mechanic’s hands with rheumatological syndrome which is a rare vaccine-related adverse event, reversible, and easily treatable with routinely available medicines, and importantly it is having excellent prognosis. Mechanic’s hand is first time reported in medical literature after COVID vaccination. Minimal systemic adverse events are known to occur with all viral vector vaccines, but its occurrence is rare and it should not impact on routine vaccinations, as vaccination is a key step in this pandemic to protect humankind.
Endobronchial Leiomyoma, an Unusual Tumor in an Unusual Site
Authors: Indhu S , Raj S Mohan , Chaitanya Vishnu
Published: September 2024

Leiomyomas are benign smooth muscle tumors most commonly seen in the uterus occasionally in the gastrointestinal tract. Pulmonary localization is extremely rare with the incidence of <2%. We report the case of a 22-year-old nonsmoking female who presented with left-sided chest pain and streaky hemoptysis. Chest xray showed left lingular lobe and lower lobe collapse. Contrast-enhanced computed tomography showed endobronchial obstruction in the left main bronchus. Debulking was done with electrocautery snare. Histopathological examination showed spindle-shaped cells with eosinophilic cytoplasm. Immunohistochemistry showed smooth muscle actin positivity suggestive of leiomyoma. The patient is under follow-up without any complication and recurrence.
Assessment of Quality of Life and Social Correlates among Drug Sensitive and Multidrug-resistant Tuberculosis Patients
Authors: Hamsaveni G. , Amrutha A. M. , Sidenur Bhagyalaxmi , Mangasuli Vijayalaxmi , Vijeth S. B.
Published: September 2024

Background:

Tuberculosis (TB) has significant health, social, psychological, and economic impacts on patients. This study aimed to assess and compare quality of life (QOL) among multidrug-resistant (MDR) TB patients and drug-sensitive TB patients.

Materials and Methods:

A comparative study was conducted among 40 MDR-TB patients and 80 age- and gender-matched drug-sensitive TB patients in Chitradurga district, South India. Sociodemographic data were collected and QOL was assessed using the WHO BREF scale. Data were analyzed using SPSS v20.

Results:

The study population was predominantly male (65%) and aged 27–35 years. Education level and socioeconomic status differed significantly between MDR and sensitive TB groups (P < 0.05). MDR-TB patients had significantly lower self-rated QOL and health satisfaction compared to sensitive TB patients (P < 0.001). MDR-TB patients scored lower on all four QOL domains (physical, psychological, social relationships, and environmental), with the psychological domain most affected. The majority of both MDR and sensitive TB patients had “fair” QOL across domains.

Conclusion:

QOL was impaired in both MDR and sensitive TB patients, but more severely in MDR-TB. The psychological domain was most affected. Factors such as poor accessibility to health services, low socioeconomic status, and poor mental health may contribute to reduce QOL in TB patients.
Screening for Small Airway Obstruction in Garment Industry: A Pilot Study
Authors: Pothakamuri Prasanthi V. R. , Chockalingam Chandrasekar , Santhalingam Balamurugan , Nagesh Manikandan , Ramanathan Manoj
Published: September 2024

Aim and Background:

A noticeable gap in the literature is observed in factors associated with the occurrence of respiratory illness among people working in garment industries. This study aims to investigate whether spirometry screening is warranted for individuals employed within the garment industry.

Subjects and Methods:

This is an observational cross-sectional pilot study conducted in asymptomatic workers of various sectors in a garment industry using spirometry to check for the presence of small airway obstruction. Duration of work along with the nature of work was taken into consideration to see if any correlation exists with the small airway obstruction.

Results:

A random sample of 40 asymptomatic individuals was drawn consisting of 16 males and 24 females with 47.5% of them working for around 5–10 years. Ninety-five percentage showed no evidence of small airway obstruction and only 5% showed small airway obstruction showing that no correlation exists between the duration of work and the development of small airway obstruction in the garment industry.

Conclusion:

There appears to be no significant link between the duration of employment in the garment industry and the development of small airway obstruction as compared to the textile/cotton industry, yet annual screening could be integrated into routine health assessments.
Estimation of Formaldehyde Levels in Indoor Air of Gross Anatomy Laboratory
Authors: Shetty Vinay Kumar Veeranna , Singla Sathvik , Sangeetha D. M.
Published: September 2024

Introduction:

Medical students spend majority of their times in Anatomy lab during their first year MBBS. Formalin has attracted attention as a health hazard for students and instructors as formalin concentrations in air of gross anatomy laboratories are often higher than permissible limits. Despite the known toxicity of formaldehyde and its potential health effects, laboratory workers and others have little enthusiasm for reducing or replacing the formaldehyde working solution

Materials and Methods:

The FA concentration (in ppm) of indoor air in Anatomy laboratory was measured using a SMILEDRIVE Portable air quality pollution meter. The mean FA concentration was measured after 1 hour after the cadavers were shifted to dissection table at three different levels a. At the level of floor b. At the level of roof c. 2 feets above the table (Breathing Zone of medical students) Three air samples from the breathing zones were tested and mean concentration of FA was taken with exhaust fan on at the level of roof and recorded as a. S1R- First immediately before the dissection (Zero hour), b. S2R- Second sample was collected after one hour after first sample was taken (First hour) and c. S3R- Third sample after two hours after first sample was taken (Second hour). Three air samples from the breathing zones were tested and mean concentration of FA was taken with exhaust fan on at the level of floor and recorded as a. S1F- First immediately before the dissection (Zero hour), b. S2F- Second sample was collected after one hour after first sample was taken (First hour) and c. S3F- Third sample after two hours after first sample was taken (Second hour).

Results:

The vertical distribution of FA was measured by taking the mean air samples at the level of floor, at roof level and about 2 feet above dissection table immediately after the cadavers were shifted to tables. It was found to be about 0.54ppm at the level of floor, 0.52 at the breathing zone and 0.51 ppm at roof level. The FA concentration was highest at the level of floor and least at the level of roof. On comparing S2F and S2R the p value was 1.335. Thus, it was not statistically significant. On comparing S3F and S3R the p value was 0.411. Thus, it was not statistically significant.

Conclusion:

The mean FA at the level of floor was 0.54 ppm. At the breathing zone the mean FA concentration was 0.51 ppm before the dissection was started. Exhaust fans at the level of roof were switched on and the second sample was taken after 1 hour. The FA concentration was 0.23 ppm. Third sample was taken at 2nd hour and FA concentration was 0.11 ppm. The exhaust fans at the level of floor were switched on. The air samples were measured at 0, 1st and 2nd hour at breathing zones. It was 0.51, 0.31 and 0,15 ppm respectively.
The Relationship between Basal Ganglia Volume and Audiovisual Reaction Time in Turkish Elite Athletes
Authors: Karabekir Selim , Aksu Funda , Gunay Erkan , Karabekir Nuket Gocmen
Published: September 2024

Background:

In this study involving young adult elite athletes and healthy sedentary individuals, volumetric analyses were performed on basal ganglia (BG) involved in the coordination of motor movements.

Aims and Objectives:

In a group of athletes with high coordination speed, potential relationship between BG volumes and audiovisual reaction time of acquired-trained hand movements was explored by examining whether these individuals had significant differences in terms of BG volumes.

Materials and Methods:

Nineteen elite athletes aged between 19 and 25 years (9 male and 10 female) and 20 sedentary subjects (10 male, 10 female) were included. Gender, age, height, weight, and body-mass index (BMI) were recorded. In each group, audiovisual reaction time and stereological basal ganglia volumes were assessed and statistically analyzed.

Results:

Elite athletes react more rapidly to auditory stimuli than visual stimuli. As compared to sedentary individuals, elite athletes exhibited significantly shorter visual reaction time and only numerically shorter (statistically insignificant) visual reaction time. Left BG volume was higher in both groups, compared to right side).

Conclusion:

Our data may contribute to the construction of a database of normal BG morphology and provide useful information for clinicians and athletes.
Hepatoprotective Effects of Curcumin on Liver Injury in Streptozocin-induced Diabetic Rats
Authors: Ozkaptan Bilge Bal , Sagir Dilek , Aksoy Fatma
Published: September 2024

Introduction:

Type 2 diabetes mellitus is characterized by chronically elevated blood sugar levels associated with disruption of the inflammatory and oxidative state and dyslipidemia. Curcumin is a highly pleiotropic molecule with hypoglycemic, hypolipidemic, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant properties. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of curcumin on the liver of streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats.

Materials and Methods:

Thirty-two adult male rats were used in the study. The rats were divided into four groups: Control (C), Diabetes (D), Curcumin (CUR), and Diabetes + Curcumin (D + CUR) (n = 8). The groups given curcumin were given 60 mg/kg curcumin by gavage once a day during the 14-day study period. At the end of the experiment, biochemical, stereological, histological, and immunohistochemical analyses were performed on blood and liver samples taken from rats sacrificed.

Results:

After curcumin treatment in diabetic rats, there was a significant decrease in blood glucose levels, hepatic markers, and levels of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (P < 0.01). Furthermore, a significant increase in enzymatic antioxidants such as superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione peroxidase was observed after treatment (P < 0.01). It was determined that curcumin decreased the apoptotic index and the number of dual-nucleated hepatocytes in the liver, and provided support for liver regeneration (P < 0.01).

Discussion and Conclusion:

Based on the findings of this study, it can be concluded that curcumin has the potential to protect against hyperglycemia-induced oxidative stress and apoptosis in liver cells, and also induces regeneration in damaged liver.
Circumaortic Left Renal Vein: An Uncommon Variation
Authors: Singh Anil Kumar
Published: September 2024

Circumaortic left renal vein is an uncommon developmental anomaly, usually detected incidentally however having significant clinical implications. It is important from surgical point of view as well as for any relevant endovascular intervention procedure. Here is a case of type-1 circumaortic renal vein detected incidentally on Computed Tomography angiography study which was primarily done for evaluation of extrahepatic portal vein obstruction in this patient.
A Case Series of Atypical Neuroimaging Phenotypes in Wilson’s Disease
Authors: Narayan Ashok , Hosur Bharat , Kanti Chintamani , Bose Ponnu , Bajpai Amit , Chander Ashima , Sahdev Ravinder , Dhagat Peeyush K.
Published: September 2024

Wilson’s disease (WD) is an inherited disorder of copper metabolism that leads to excessive copper deposition, predominantly involving the hepatic and neural parenchyma. The clinical presentation may vary from being completely asymptomatic to hepatic cirrhosis with or without frank extrapyramidal symptoms. Neuroimaging plays a crucial role in diagnosis and follow-up among these patients. The myriad neuroimaging features in WD depend on the chronicity of the disease and are also associated with the extent of hepatolenticular degeneration. Here, we present various atypical imaging phenotypes encountered in a cohort of 13 patients with the expected clinical presentation. All of them are proven cases of WD either based on genetic/ceruloplasmin levels. Asymmetry of the bilateral hyperintensities, involvement of the parahippocampal gyri, lingual gyri, insular necrosis, preferential affliction of the thalamus, and brainstem sparing the neostriatum were some of the observed atypical neuroimaging phenotypes which are hitherto undescribed to the best of our knowledge. Timely recognition of the atypical imaging findings and apt clinical correlation results in effective and early management decisions.
A Comparative Study of the Effect Coffee and Tea on Some Parameters in the Rats Blood
Authors: Al-Mansury Sadiq , Hadi Suhad J. , Naji Hawraa H. , Jassim Adnan M. , Abbas Shatha M. , Hindi Nada Khazal K.
Published: September 2024

Background:

Tea and coffee have been consumed since decade ago and became a significant part of social life and cultural traditions.

Objective:

The study aims to evaluate the effects of coffee and black tea extract on some blood factors in adult albino rats.

Materials and Methods:

Eighteen adult male albino rats, classified into three groups of six: group 1 (control) received orally drinking water only, group 2 (tea) received orally extract tea, group 3 (coffee) treated orally with coffee. Coffee and tea extracts were prepared daily at a dose of 30 g/L and provided at all times to the rats for 30 day as drinking water. Iron and ferritin levels, cholesterol concentration of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) and high-density lipoprotein (HDL), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activities as well as the levels of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), and interleukin-6 (IL-6) were compared among these groups.

Results:

This study inferred, there was a significant decrease the amount of iron in the blood as well as the ferritin. Also consumption of coffee or tea lowers LDL cholesterol and HDL cholesterol and enhanced antioxidant activity by SOD and GPx enzymes more than control group. Furthermore, increased these levels in proinflammatory cytokines (IL-6 and TNF-α) in treated rats with tea and coffee extract more than their levels in the control group.

Conclusion:

The extracts of tea and coffee lowered the iron and ferritin concentration, have remarkable antioxidant activity, and increased the levels in proinflammatory cytokines (IL-6 and TNF-α) in the rat blood.
Association of Testosterone Level and Anti-SARS-CoV-2 Antibodies in Diabetic Patients in Babylon, Iraq
Authors: Hussein Ali Amer , Al-Mammori Raheem T. O. , Hassan Fuad Ghazi , Al-Khafaje Mohamed Ejresh , Al Saeedi Kawther R. H. , Al-Charrakh Alaa H.
Published: September 2024

Background:

The risk of developing a more aggressive disease condition is influenced by age and the presence of comorbidities such as diabetes, hypertension, obesity, and cardiovascular diseases. Diabetics may experience late diabetes complications such as diabetic renal disease and ischemic heart disease, which can make them frailer and exacerbate the severity of viral infections such as COVID-19 disease, which can result in kidney or heart failure.

Objectives:

To evaluate the levels of testosterone hormone in association with glucose levels in the diabetic population, choosing (50) diabetic patients with no known history of COVID-19 infection or receiving a COVID-19 vaccine were enrolled in the study.

Materials and Methods:

The anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibody was assessed for all patients and in 40 healthy individuals (control group). The study was carried out from January to May 2023 in Marjan Medical City and a private clinical laboratory. Testosterone levels and anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies were measured using manual principles and the methods of the Automated Fluorescent Immunoassay System. Fine care for the detection of HBA1C and Fuji film for RBS.

Results:

The results showed that reduced testosterone hormone level is associated with increased HBA1C and blood glucose levels, as well as anti-CoV-2–IgG antibodies. There is a negative (indirect) correlation between HBA1C and testosterone hormone, in contrast to a positive correlation with anti-SARS-CoV-2–IgG antibodies.

Conclusion:

Reduced testosterone hormone levels might indicate a more complicated prognosis of diabetes and in another way might be used as a treatment modality to regulate blood sugar levels after increasing its expression.
The Incidence of CD28 Gene Polymorphism (rs3116496) and Gene Expression with Oral Carcinoma in Some Iraqi Samples
Authors: Farhan Shireen Hamid , Mahmood Shahad H. , Baqer Noor Nihad
Published: September 2024

Background:

Oral carcinoma is one kind of cancer that develops in the cavity of the oral, lip, tongue, gingiva, and oropharynx. The World Health Organization (WHO) illustrated that oral carcinoma is among the most prevalent cancers in the world, considered the sixteenth most malignant, which is commonly prevalent, and the fifteenth reason that causes mortality in the world.

Objective:

This study aimed to investigate the association between oral carcinoma with single-nucleotide polymorphism (rs3116496) and CD28 (cluster differentiation 28) gene expression.

Materials and Methods:

Samples were collected from 61 control and 61 patients with early squamous oral carcinoma from the gum diseases department/Fallujah specialized center. Then we investigated the variation of CD28 polymorphism and gene expression of CD28 using real-time PCR.

Results:

The results showed that there are significant differences between patients and control in the TT genotype of codominant models with P = 0.003 and OR = 8.89. There were significant differences in the dominant and recessive models with P = 0.03 and 0.008, and OR = 2.4, 7.2, respectively. In addition, the T allele showed significant differences between patients and control with P = 0.002 and OR = 2.61. However, in the CD28 gene expression there were no significant differences between patients and control.

Conclusion:

The genotype TT and allele T of SNP of the CD28 gene are considered risk factors in oral carcinoma.
Analysis of Cytochrome P450 2C9 Gene Polymorphism in a Sample of Iraqi Hypertensive Patients
Authors: Ijam Ali Hassan , Mshimesh Bahir Abdul-Razzaq , Abdulamir Ahmed Sahib , Alsaad Shokry Faaz
Published: September 2024

Background:

According to the literature review, there is little knowledge about CYP2C9 genetic variants in Iraqi hypertensive patients.

Objectives:

Evaluate and compare the distribution of important cytochrome CYP2C9 genetic variants within the Iraqi population in relation to other populations.

Materials and Methods:

After DNA extraction and subsequent polymerase chain reaction (PCR), the PCR products were subjected to Sanger sequencing to determine the CYP2C9 genetic variants in Iraqi hypertensive patients. The mutant alleles of the identified CYP2C9 genetic variants were compared to those of other countries. The study of linkage disequilibrium (LD) was conducted using the SHEsis program.

Results:

In the Iraqi population, a total of nine CYP2C9 polymorphisms were found with different frequencies. The comparative analysis of major variant rs1799853 C<T and rs1057910 A<C across different populations showed that the frequency of rs1799853 single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) was significantly (P < 0.05)greater in Iraqis compared to both Asian and African–American populations. The allele frequency of rs1799853 and rs1057910 SNPs was comparable with other countries as Europe, Kuwait, Egypt, Jordan, Lebanon, Oman, Saudi Arabia, and Iran. The allele frequency of rs1057910 SNP was determined to be significantly (P < 0.05) greater in the Iraqi population in relation to the African–American population. Moreover, there was a very strong linkage among the studied CYP2C9 SNPs, except for rs555206628 SNPs; there was a weak linkage with CYP2C9 rs28371676 and rs1057910.

Conclusions:

This study provides insights into the prevalence of CYP2C9 polymorphisms among Iraqi populations. This knowledge has the potential to enhance the efficacy of pharmacotherapy through the use of personalized medicine strategies tailored specifically to this ethnic population.