bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Intelligent On‐Demand Connectivity Restoration for Wireless Sensor Networks
Authors: Mahmood Khalid , Khan Muhammad Amir , Hassan Mahmood ul , Shah Ansar Munir , Ali Shahzad , Saeed Muhammad Kashif
Published: May 2018

Wireless sensor networks are envisioned to play a very important role in the Internet of Things in near future and therefore the challenges associated with wireless sensor networks have attracted researchers from all around the globe. A common issue which is well studied is how to restore network connectivity in case of failure of single or multiple nodes. Energy being a scarce resource in sensor networks drives all the proposed solutions to connectivity restoration to be energy efficient. In this paper we introduce an intelligent on‐demand connectivity restoration technique for wireless sensor networks to address the connectivity restoration problem, where nodes utilize their transmission range to ensure the connectivity and the replacement of failed nodes with their redundant nodes. The proposed technique helps us to keep track of system topology and can respond to node failures effectively. Thus our system can better handle the issue of node failure by introducing less overhead on sensor node, more efficient energy utilization, better coverage, and connectivity without moving the sensor nodes.
Nanobody–Antigen Conjugates Elicit HPV-Specific Antitumor Immune Responses
Authors: Woodham Andrew W. , Cheloha Ross W. , Ling Jingjing , Rashidian Mohammad , Kolifrath Stephen C. , Mesyngier Maia , Duarte Joao N. , Bader Justin M. , Skeate Joseph G. , Da Silva Diane M. , Kast W. Martin , Ploegh Hidde L.
Published: May 2018

High-risk human papillomavirus-associated cancers express viral oncoproteins (e.g., E6 and E7) that induce and maintain the malignant phenotype. The viral origin of these proteins makes them attractive targets for development of a therapeutic vaccine. Camelid-derived single-domain antibody fragments (nanobodies or VHHs) that recognize cell surface proteins on antigen-presenting cells (APC) can serve as targeted delivery vehicles for antigens attached to them. Such VHHs were shown to induce CD4+ and CD8+ T-cell responses against model antigens conjugated to them via sortase, but antitumor responses had not yet been investigated. Here, we tested the ability of an anti-CD11b VHH (VHHCD11b) to target APCs and serve as the basis for a therapeutic vaccine to induce CD8+ T-cell responses against HPV+ tumors. Mice immunized with VHHCD11b conjugated to an H-2Db-restricted immunodominant E7 epitope (E749-57) had more E7-specific CD8+ T cells compared with those immunized with E749-57 peptide alone. These CD8+ T cells acted prophylactically and conferred protection against a subsequent challenge with HPV E7-expressing tumor cells. In a therapeutic setting, VHHCD11b-E749-57 vaccination resulted in greater numbers of CD8+ tumor–infiltrating lymphocytes compared with mice receiving E749-57 peptide alone in HPV+ tumor-bearing mice, as measured by in vivo noninvasive VHH-based immune-positron emission tomography (immunoPET), which correlated with tumor regression and survival outcome. Together, these results demonstrate that VHHs can serve as a therapeutic cancer vaccine platform for HPV-induced cancers. Cancer Immunol Res; 6(7); 870–80. ©2018 AACR.
Cutis Marmorata Telangiectatica Congenita Presenting as a Fetal Hemothorax
Authors: Mon Rodrigo A. , Mozurkewich Ellen , Treadwell Marjorie C. , Berman Deborah R.
Published: May 2018

We report a case of a fetus diagnosed at 28 weeks’ gestation with a spontaneous prenatal hemothorax. Fetal intervention consisted of 2 thoracenteses with analysis of the pleural effusion. The pregnancy was further complicated by recurrence of the hemothorax, with subsequent mediastinal shift, hydrops, and nonreassuring antenatal testing requiring delivery at 31 weeks’ gestation. Postnatal workup established the diagnoses of cutis marmorata telangiectatica congenita (CMTC) and pulmonary lymphangiectasia. The child is currently 4 years old and without any active medical issues or sequelae from the CMTC, pulmonary lymphangiectasia, or prenatal interventions.
Identitary Constructs among the Concepts of Monarchy of Themistius and Ammianus Marcellinus
Authors: Gonçalves Bruna Campos
Published: May 2018

No contexto da Antiguidade Tardia, observamos os ideais de Realeza que se propagaram no Império Romano no século IV d.C., mais especificamente, nos relatos de dois autores que partilharam dos acontecimentos políticos ocorridos entre os governos de Constâncio II a Teodósio (337-395 d.C.), sendo eles: o filósofo Temístio (317-388 d.C.) com seus discursos políticos; e o militar Amiano Marcelino (325/330-395 d.C.) com sua obra Res Gestae. Ao longo de nossa pesquisa, buscamos observar as características de cada autor, e confluímos suas experiências de vida para encontrarmos os pontos convergentes e divergentes de seus conceitos em torno das responsabilidades Imperiais. Assim, em um momento de grande efervescência s0ciopolítico-cultural, dois autores não cristãos escrevem seus trabalhos, com o intuito de relembrarem seu público à importância das virtudes e para tanto se baseiam em exemplos da tradição clássica; da mesma forma percebemos outros elementos que permeiam a estrutura de bom governante de ambos: Temístio e Amiano Marcelino.
Phoenician and Punic Movement in the Western Mediterranean: New Perspectives from the Studies on Landscape Archaeology
Authors: Kormikiari Maria Cristina Nicolau
Published: May 2018

Este artigo está dividido em duas partes: a primeira faz uma história dos recentes usos do termo “Mediterrâneo”, chegando a abordagens recentes que trabalham com a hipótese de uma conectividade nesse espaço; na segunda parte, essa discussão teórica é utilizada para mostrar conjuntamente com dados arqueológicos as recentes revisões interpretativas na caracterização dos feníncias e sua ocupação do território.
Spatial organization and territory in Iron Age Phoenicia: cities and necropoleis.
Authors: Ramazzina Adriana A.
Published: May 2018

O texto pretende oferecer um panorama das pesquisas arqueológicas no território da Fenícia na Idade do Ferro, sítio por sítio, sumarizando o que se conhece das cidades fenícias e de suas necrópoles a partir dos achados arqueológicos e das pesquisas sistemáticas recentemente desenvolvidas.
Olympia, Olympian Zeus and the Construction of the Greek Identity in the Sixth and Fifth centuries B.C.
Authors: Laky Lilian De Angelo
Published: May 2018

O principal objetivo deste artigo é mostrar de que maneira a difusão do culto de Zeus Olímpio a partir de seu santuário sede Olímpia às pólis do mundo grego, durante o século VI e V a.C., foi motivada pela construção da identidade grega no período e em que medida o culto de Zeus Olímpio, ao mesmo tempo em que circulou em uma rede predominantemente de cidades dórias, teve um papel destacado no processo de integração entre os grupos étnicos gregos (dórios, jônios, aqueus e eólios).
Roman Elite and Urban Renewal in Italy: The case of Pompeii
Authors: Antonio Victor Sá Ramalho
Published: May 2018

Esse artigo busca analisar a construção de uma identidade romana na cidade de Pompeia, a partir do processo de reformas urbanas que se realizou ali, examinando a relação entre os processos de estratificação social e a multiplicidade de ocupações que deixaram vestígios dispares no território urbano.
Christian Ascetic Manifestations in the Eastern Mediterranean: The Outline of the Holy Men in the Lausiac History
Authors: Nicolaev Alan
Published: May 2018

O presente artigo tem como objetivo interpretar a construção do paradigma ascético na obra de Paládio de Helenópolis, a História Lausíaca, levando em consideração seu aporte formativo e contextual no início do século V d.C. Outrossim, reflexões em torno do espaço ocupado por novas representações de autoridade no Tardo-antigo foram de primaz relevância na construção terminológica do chamado “homem santo” asceta.
Some Considerations on the Development and the Popularity of the Cult of Apis in the Pharaonic Age
Authors: Duarte Cássio De Araújo
Published: May 2018

Durante os últimos períodos da civilização faraônica, o touro Ápis se tornou a figura central de um importante culto popular na região menfita, mas que não se restringiu a ela. Desde suas primeiras aparições em artefatos da 1ª dinastia como um animal vinculado aos rituais da realeza, ele ganhou novas representações iconográficas e a função de guia dos mortos. Este artigo objetiva fazer uma breve exposição de como esse culto evoluiu durante o período faraônico tendo como base as fontes iconográficas e textuais.
Trends in Noncardiovascular Comorbidities Among Patients Hospitalized for Heart Failure
Authors: Sharma Abhinav , Zhao Xin , Hammill Bradley G. , Hernandez Adrian F. , Fonarow Gregg C. , Felker G. Michael , Yancy Clyde W. , Heidenreich Paul A. , Ezekowitz Justin A. , DeVore Adam D.
Published: May 2018

Background:

The increase in medical complexity among patients hospitalized with heart failure (HF) may be reflected by an increase in concomitant noncardiovascular comorbidities. Among patients hospitalized with HF, the temporal trends in the prevalence of noncardiovascular comorbidities have not been well described.

Methods and Results:

We used data from 207 984 patients in the Get With The Guidelines–Heart Failure registry (from 2005 to 2014) to evaluate the prevalence and trends of noncardiovascular comorbidities (chronic obstructive pulmonary disorder/asthma, anemia, diabetes mellitus, obesity [body mass index ≥30 kg/m
2
], and renal impairment) among patients hospitalized with HF. Medicare beneficiaries aged ≥65 years were used to assess 30-day mortality. The prevalence of 0, 1, 2, and ≥3 noncardiovascular comorbidities was 18%, 30%, 27%, 25%, respectively. From 2005 to 2014, there was a decline in patients with 0 noncardiovascular comorbidities (22%–16%;
P
<0.0001) and an increase in patients with ≥3 noncardiovascular comorbidities (18%–29%;
P
<0.0001). Among Medicare beneficiaries, there was an increased 30-day adjusted mortality risk among patients with 1 noncardiovascular comorbidity (hazard ratio, 1.16; 95% confidence interval, 1.09–1.24;
P
<0.0001), 2 noncardiovascular comorbidities (hazard ratio, 1.34; 95% confidence interval, 1.25–1.44;
P
<0.0001), and ≥3 noncardiovascular comorbidities (hazard ratio, 1.63; 95% confidence interval, 1.51–1.75;
P
<0.0001). Similar trends were seen for in-hospital mortality.

Conclusions:

Patients admitted in hospital for HF have an increasing number of noncardiovascular comorbidities over time, which are associated with worse outcomes. Strategies addressing the growing burden of noncardiovascular comorbidities may represent an avenue to improve outcomes and should be included in the delivery of in-hospital HF care.
The Influence of Dopamine on Cognitive Flexibility Is Mediated by Functional Connectivity in Young but Not Older Adults
Authors: Berry Anne S. , Shah Vyoma D. , Jagust William J.
Published: May 2018

Dopaminergic signaling in striatum is strongly implicated in executive functions including cognitive flexibility. However, there is a paucity of multimodal research in humans defining the nature of relationships between endogenous dopamine, striatal network activity, and cognition. Here, we measured dopamine synthesis capacity in young and older adults using the PET tracer 6-[18F]fluoro-l- m-tyrosine and examined its relationship with cognitive performance and functional connectivity during an fMRI study of task switching. Aging is associated with alteration in dopamine function, including profound losses in dopamine receptors but an apparent elevation in dopamine synthesis. A compensatory benefit of upregulated dopamine synthesis in aging has not been established. Across young and older adults, we found that cognitive flexibility (low behavioral switch cost) was associated with stronger task-related functional connectivity within canonical fronto-striato-thalamic circuits connecting left inferior frontal gyrus, dorsal caudate nucleus (DCA) and ventral lateral/ventral anterior thalamic nuclei. In young adults, functional connectivity mediated the influence of DCA dopamine synthesis capacity on switch cost. For older adults, these relationships were modified such that DCA synthesis capacity and connectivity interacted to influence switch cost. Older adults with most elevated synthesis capacity maintained the pattern of connectivity–cognition relationships observed in youth, whereas these relationships were not evident for older adults with low synthesis capacity. Together, these findings suggest a role of dopamine in tuning striatal circuits to benefit executive function in young adults and clarify the functional impact of elevated dopamine synthesis capacity in aging.
Globalism in Rhythm: Music at the Crossroads of Populism and Multiculturalism
Authors: Freeland Gregory
Published: May 2018

This article deals with music as a generator of political activism, cultural awareness, and popular resistance among people living in politically, religiously, and/or economically unequal situations and globalized unsettled sensitivities. It also examines government responses to music. This article expands the research on the role of music in the political and cultural developments in the twenty-first century. Utilizing lyrics I find music to be a transformative power that communicates political knowledge and social status, which are critical among people seeking identity and place in a globalized world.
The Budgetary Efficiency of the International Criminal Court
Authors: Zavala Osvaldo
Published: May 2018

The budget of the International Criminal Court is the means for the effective implementation of its mandate. The complex and unique mandate of the Court and the contexts in which it operates have led, over the years, to a high degree of operational uncertainty which makes accurate budgeting extremely difficult. Since the early stages of the Court, this lack of sufficient predictability has propelled a number of initiatives, both internal and external, seeking to identify models or mechanisms that can assist in the development of sustainable budgets for the Court. This pursuit of efficiencies, predictability and sustainability has characterised the yearly budget discussions with the Assembly of States Parties and its subsidiary bodies. While work remains to be done, it is argued that, these efforts have made the International Criminal Court a more cost-effective international organisation.
Institution Building: Perspective from within the Office of the Prosecutor of the International Criminal Court
Authors: Shoamanesh Sam Sasan
Published: May 2018

As we approach the 20th anniversary of the adoption of the Rome Statute, this commentary aims to provide a general overview of the managerial, strategic and policy initiatives undertaken by the Office of the Prosecutor (“Office” or “OTP”) in the past six years intended to enhance effectiveness and efficiency in the exercise of its mandate, and in so doing, further strengthen public confidence in the Office. The items outlined in this commentary are by no means to be considered an exhaustive list of initiatives undertaken by the Office during the time period indicated, but more accurately represent a sample of main initiatives and achievements. The chapter will equally outline the macro challenges the Office continues to face in its efforts to cultivate a culture of accountability for atrocity crimes through the discharge of its mandate.
Husserl’s Early Theory of Intentionality as a Relational Theory
Authors: Marchesi Andrea
Published: May 2018

This paper examines Husserl’s theory of intentionality as it is developed inLogical Investigationsand other early writings. In Section 1, the author attempts to capture the core of Husserl’s concept of intentionality. Section 2 is devoted to a detailed analysis of the account of intentional relation developed in the fifthInvestigation. In Section 3, the author tries to flesh out what is meant by the claim in the sixthInvestigationthat the designation ‘object’ is a relative one. In Section 4, the author discusses Husserl’s conception of intentionality in light of the mereology outlined in the thirdInvestigation. In Section 5, the author explains how Husserl criticizes the so-called theory of immanent objects and how he addresses the problem of non-existents. In Section 6, the author argues that a phenomenological theory of intentionality grounded in Husserl’s insights cannot be a non-relational one.
A New Deflationary Account of the “Primitive Sense of Selfhood”
Authors: de Sá Pereira Roberto Horácio
Published: May 2018

This paper proposes a new deflationary reading of the metaphor of the “primitive sense of selfhood” in perception and proprioception, usually understood as an “experiential self-reference” that takes place before reflection and any use of concepts. As such, the paper is also a new defense of the old orthodox view that self-consciousness is a highly complex mental phenomenon that requires equally complex concepts. The author’s defense is a clear case of inference to the best explanation. He argues that postulating an “experientialself-reference” to explain the “primitive sense of selfhood” (ecological self, proprioception and the first-person perspective) is as explanatory overkill as attributing perceptions to bacteria to explain the remarkably sophisticated ways in which they adapt, attune, and respond to their environments. This is what the author calls trivialization of self-consciousness. The metaphor of the “primitive sense of selfhood” in perception and proprioception is far less extravagantly explained by what, based on Recanati, the author calls self-involvement without self-consciousness: there is no “experiential self-reference” because there is noself-referencein the first place. Rather than being articulated as a constituent of the contents of her/his perceptions or proprioception, the self/subject is the key element of the circumstance of evaluation of these selfless contents.
DESCRIPTION OF MUCOR PERNAMBUCOENSIS (MUCORALES, MUCOROMYCOTA), A NEW SPECIES ISOLATED FROM THE BRAZILIAN UPLAND RAINFOREST
Authors: DE LIMA CATARINA L. F. , LIMA DIOGO X. , DE SOUZA CARLOS A. F. , DE OLIVEIRA RAFAEL J. V. , CAVALCANTI INGRID B. , GURGEL LUCIANA M. S. , SANTIAGO ANDRÉ L. C. M. DE A.
Published: May 2018

The Mucor genus mostly comprises saprobe specimens which are commonly isolated from herbivore dung, fruit and soil. Morphologically, Mucor specimens produce simple or branched sporangiophores without basal rhizoids and non-apophysate sporangia. During a survey of Mucorales in soil from an upland rainforest area in Pernambuco, Brazil, one specimen of Mucor was isolated and characterized based on morphological, physiological and molecular data (ITS1-5.8S-ITS2 and LSU rDNA sequences). The specimen is characterized by producing strongly sympodially branched sporangiophores and sporangiospores which can contain one or more granules at each end. The columellae are frequently globose or obovoid, some ovoid or cylindrical with a truncate base, rarely piriform.  It grew better at 25ºC, with no development at 35ºC. Based on the evidence of the analyzed datasets, a new species of Mucor is proposed.
Saxifraga luoxiaoensis (Saxifragaceae), a new species from Hunan and Jiangxi, China
Authors: ZHANG XIN-JIAN , LIU ZHONG-CHENG , MENG KAI-KAI , DING QIAO-LING , WANG LEI , LIAO WEN-BO
Published: May 2018

Saxifraga luoxiaoensis, a new species of the genus Saxifraga sect. Irregulares (Saxifragaceae) from Hunan and Jiangxi, China, is described and illustrated. This new species is most similar to S. daqiaoensis, which can be easily distinguished from the later by its leaf margin 7- or 9-lobed and winged capsule. The systematic position of this species within Saxifraga sect. Irregulares is assessed based on molecular phylogenetic analysis of the chloroplast regions sequences together with morphological comparisons.
Subspecies-level systematics and affinities of Cheimas Thieme—an endemic genus of the subparamo of the Venezuelan Cordillera de Mérida (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae, Satyrinae)
Authors: PYRCZ TOMASZ W. , LORENC-BRUDECKA JADWIGA , BOYER PIERRE , ZUBEK ANNA
Published: May 2018

The validity of the monobasic neotropical butterfly genus Cheimas Thieme (Nymphalidae, Satyrinae, Satyrini, Pronophilina) is discussed, and confirmed based on morphological and molecular data. Cheimas opalinus (Staudinger), endemic to the Venezuelan Cordillera de Mérida, and considered prior to this study to be monotypic and restricted to the central part of the range, is demonstrated to be polytypic and more widely distributed. Five subspecies are recognised, differing mostly in their dorsal patterns, in particular the shape and colour of hindwing greenish–blue patch. Mitochondrial DNA sequences (COI) were obtained for three of them. The nominate subspecies is found in the central part of the range, in the Sierra Nevada and La Culata. The other subspecies are found as follows: C. opalinus dominici n. ssp.; in the Santo Domingo valley in the centre-north; C. opalinus cristalinus n. ssp. in the north; C. opalinus iosephi n. ssp. on the eastern slopes, and C. opalinus rosalinus n. ssp. in the southern Páramo El Batallón massif. A hybrid zone between the latter two subspecies was detected in the northern part of the Batallón massif based on unusual individual variation and intermediate phenotypes. All the populations of Cheimas opalinus occur in the forest–paramo ecotone at 2800–3400 m a.s.l., with the notable exception of C. opalinus cristalinus n. ssp. found also in mid-elevation forests down to 2300 m a.s.l.
The centipede family Anopsobiidae new to North America, with the description of a new genus and species and notes on the Henicopidae of North America and the Anopsobiidae of the Northern Hemisphere (Chilopoda, Lithobiomorpha)
Authors: SHEAR WILLIAM A.
Published: May 2018

Speleopsobius weaveri, n. gen., n. sp., is described from lava tubes in southern Idaho, USA. The new taxon, and species of the genera Buethobius Chamberlin, 1911 and its probable synonym Yobius Chamberlin, 1945, are members of the family Anopsobiidae, not previously reported from North America. All known species of Henicopidae and Anopsobiidae from North America north of México are listed and briefly noted, along with all known anopsobiids from the northern hemisphere. Anopsobiella dawidoffi Attems, 1938 (Vietnam) is likely not a member of the family Anopsobiidae.
Schizopyga alinae, a genus of pimpline parasitoid wasps (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae: Pimplinae) new to the Afrotropical region
Authors: VARGA OLEKSANDR , RESHCHIKOV ALEXEY
Published: May 2018

Schizopyga Gravenhorst, 1829 is a small genus belonging to the Polysphincta genus-group of the subfamily Pimplinae, with 12 known species worldwide (Yu et al., 2012; Matsumoto, 2016), two of them from the Afrotropical region (Gauld & Dubois, 2006).        Schizopyga species are known as parasitoids of spiders creating non-aerial webs (Clubionidae, Gnaphosidae, and Agelenidae) (Matsumoto, 2016).
Intraseasonal Tropical Cyclogenesis Prediction in a Global Coupled Model System
Authors: Jiang Xianan , Xiang Baoqiang , Zhao Ming , Li Tim , Lin Shian-Jiann , Wang Zhuo , Chen Jan-Huey
Published: May 2018

Motivated by increasing demand in the community for intraseasonal predictions of weather extremes, predictive skill of tropical cyclogenesis is investigated in this study based on a global coupled model system. Limited intraseasonal cyclogenesis prediction skill with a high false alarm rate is found when averaged over about 600 tropical cyclones (TCs) over global oceans from 2003 to 2013, particularly over the North Atlantic (NA). Relatively skillful genesis predictions with more than 1-week lead time are only evident for about 10% of the total TCs. Further analyses suggest that TCs with relatively higher genesis skill are closely associated with the Madden–Julian oscillation (MJO) and tropical synoptic waves, with their geneses strongly phase-locked to the convectively active region of the MJO and low-level cyclonic vorticity associated with synoptic-scale waves. Moreover, higher cyclogenesis prediction skill is found for TCs that formed during the enhanced periods of strong MJO episodes than those during weak or suppressed MJO periods. All these results confirm the critical role of the MJO and tropical synoptic waves for intraseasonal prediction of TC activity. Tropical cyclogenesis prediction skill in this coupled model is found to be closely associated with model predictability of several large-scale dynamical and thermodynamical fields. Particularly over the NA, higher predictability of low-level relative vorticity, midlevel humidity, and vertical zonal wind shear is evident along a tropical belt from the West Africa coast to the Caribbean Sea, in accord with more predictable cyclogenesis over this region. Over the extratropical NA, large-scale variables exhibit less predictability due to influences of extratropical systems, leading to poor cyclogenesis predictive skill.
A Study of the HWRF Analysis and Forecast Impact of Realistically Simulated CYGNSS Observations Assimilated as Scalar Wind Speeds and as VAM Wind Vectors
Authors: Annane Bachir , McNoldy Brian , Leidner S. Mark , Hoffman Ross , Atlas Robert , Majumdar Sharanya J.
Published: May 2018

In preparation for the launch of the NASA Cyclone Global Navigation Satellite System (CYGNSS), a variety of observing system simulation experiments (OSSEs) were conducted to develop, tune, and assess methods of assimilating these novel observations of ocean surface winds. From a highly detailed and realistic hurricane nature run (NR), CYGNSS winds were simulated with error characteristics that are expected to occur in reality. The OSSE system makes use of NOAA’s HWRF Model and GSI data assimilation system in a configuration that was operational in 2012. CYGNSS winds were assimilated as scalar wind speeds and as wind vectors determined by a variational analysis method (VAM). Both forms of wind information had positive impacts on the short-term HWRF forecasts, as shown by key storm and domain metrics. Data assimilation cycle intervals of 1, 3, and 6 h were tested, and the 3-h impacts were consistently best. One-day forecasts from CYGNSS VAM vector winds were the most dynamically consistent with the NR. The OSSEs have a number of limitations; the most noteworthy is that this is a case study, and static background error covariances were used.
Alternative Action Organizations During Hard Economic Times: A Comparative European Perspective
Authors: Kousis Maria , Kalogeraki Stefania , Cristancho Camilo
Published: May 2018

The aim of this Special Issue is to offer new systematic analyses on European alternative (non)economic solidarity practices since the global financial crisis, that have attracted limited media and scholarly attention. Its seven articles are devoted to multidimensional analyses providing complementary perspectives on alternative action organizations across Europe and rest on Action Organization Analysis, a new hubs-website approach extending Protest Event Analysis. They deal with the emergence and continuity of alternative action organizations in different contexts, while they focus on its multiple tactics and the ways in which they address crisis-related needs under diverse conditions of vulnerability and hardship. Our contributions rely on original data produced in the context of Work Package 6 of the EU-funded FP7 project “Living with Hard Times: How Citizens React to Economic Crises and Their Social and Political Consequences” (LIVEWHAT), conducted across nine European countries.
Action Organization Analysis: Extending Protest Event Analysis Using Hubs-Retrieved Websites
Authors: Kousis Maria , Giugni Marco , Lahusen Christian
Published: May 2018

The comprehensive and systematic study of collective action organizations (AOs) requires a new methodological approach that takes into account the rise of online sources as well as the new ways in which people interact and participate in politics. This article aims to present and situate in the related literature such an approach, which was recently created and applied in two European Commission funded research projects, LIVEWHAT and TransSOL, across nine and eight countries respectively. Moving beyond recent studies using online sources, our research used a hubs website based approach to study alternative action organizations (AAOs) in the LIVEWHAT project and transnational solidarity AOs in the TransSOL project. The hubs and subhubs websites that aggregate data on AOs in multiple regions were scraped to identify national samples that offer advanced coverage of the repertoire of AO activities, as defined by the teams. These nodal websites were used as sources, similar to the way in which newspapers are treated in protest event analysis. The article situates and compares the new action organization analysis approach against its foundational protest event, protest case, and political claims analyses, as well as other approaches offering data on online activism. It outlines its main features and the related data construction process, while showcasing its application in the two European Commission cross-national projects. Finally, its merits and limitations are discussed, including a reference to how it can be used as a foundation for a mixed-methods approach.
Managerial work and coordination: A practice-based approach onboard a racing sailboat
Authors: Bouty Isabelle , Drucker-Godard Carole
Published: May 2018

This article investigates managerial work in relation to the managerial function ‘coordination’. The work and efforts of managers have been assumed to be central to preparing coordination by both the managerial work and coordination literature; however, none of these have thus far clarified exactly what managers do in coordination as it unfolds. This article adds to the literature by accounting for a study investigating of what the managerial practice of coordination consists. For this purpose, we adopt a practice theory-based approach to managerial work and relate the managerial function ‘coordination’ to the daily doings and sayings of a manager, to the overall activity and context of the organization. We empirically study the instrumental case of the skipper and crew of a racing sailboat. We show that, and how, managerial work is pivotal in situ to coordination as it occurs through sustaining circulation among coordination mechanisms and combinations of these mechanisms. We also contribute to the managerial work literature by putting forward rhythmicity and the temporal engagement of the skipper within the ongoing flow of activity.
Conclusions from the Functional Reconstruction of the Antikythera Mechanism
Authors: Voulgaris Aristeidis , Mouratidis Christophoros , Vossinakis Andreas
Published: May 2018

After a careful examination of the Antikythera Mechanism computed tomography scans from the Antikythera Mechanism Research Project, we designed and constructed the mechanical parts that are visible on the computed tomography scans. We then reconstructed two functional models of the Antikythera Mechanism, and in this paper, we present the observations and the conclusions drawn from their use. The use of these models helped us to understand how the Mechanism worked and provided answers to questions regarding the presence and the use of some parts.
The Paradosis of the Persian Tables, A Source on Astronomy between the Ilkhanate and the Eastern Roman Empire
Authors: Bardi Alberto
Published: May 2018

Recent scholarship on a Byzantine astronomical handbook on how to use a set of astronomical tables stemming from Islamic tradition sheds new light on a transfer of knowledge that occurred in the fourteenth century between the Ilkhanate and Byzantium. As this source was so far unpublished, the present paper gives an outline of the main textual features, then discusses the source in the framework of the cross-cultural contacts between Byzantine and non-Byzantine scholars between the Eastern Roman Empire and the Ilkhanate.
Assumptions behind Ptolemy’s Proof of the Earth’s Centrality
Authors: Szapiro Aníbal
Published: May 2018

In his Almagest, Ptolemy provides an astronomical proof to establish the Earth’s centrality. In this paper, I offer a complete survey of this proof, present the main features of Copernican and Galilean heliocentric responses, and elucidate the meaning of some concepts involved in it. I argue that historical analysis allows us to state that the success of Ptolemy’s proof depended on some assumptions that were hidden in the meaning of some fundamental astronomical concepts, an issue that historians of astronomy usually neglect.
Stereotype Accommodation: A Socio-Cognitive Perspective on Migrants’ Cultural Adaptation
Authors: Stanciu Adrian , Vauclair Christin-Melanie
Published: May 2018

Cognitive heuristics, or people’s stereotypes, are central to human interaction. Yet, the literature has been concerned with inter-ethnic stereotypes held by migrants and therefore has insufficiently addressed what might happen to individuals’ cognitive heuristics in the process of acculturating to host cultures. The authors discuss this gap in the literature by drawing on the culture learning perspective and work on cultural adaptation to examine migrants’ cognitive cultural adaptation. The concept of stereotype accommodation is introduced as a cognitive process whereby migrants incorporate the stereotype-relevant information learned in their host cultures into their preexisting stereotypes. Furthermore, a framework is presented for how cross-cultural differences, learning opportunities, individual differences, and cognitive resources might contribute to stereotype accommodation. The conclusion of this analysis is that, like any other individuals, migrants hold cognitive heuristics about varying groups in society and, moreover, these can be influenced and potentially modified by the mental short-cuts that are relevant in their host cultures.
Reconciling Conversational Handles With Scientific and Administrative Classifications? A Response to Jon Raskin
Authors: Strong Tom
Published: May 2018

Appreciative of Jon Raskin’s invitation to develop alternatives to the DSM-5 diagnostic system, I share my concerns about systematization and reification that can come with any diagnostic system, through its subsequent research and administrative use. Focusing specifically on nonsevere and relational concerns (aspects of Arendt’s “human condition”), I share three alternative approaches to diagnosis. I also draw on my background as family therapist and social constructionist practitioner to focus on resourceful language use in the conversational work of therapy.
Genetic and Environmental Influences on Achievement Outcomes Based on Family History of Learning Disabilities Status
Authors: Erbeli Florina , Hart Sara A. , Taylor Jeanette
Published: May 2018

A risk to develop a learning disability has been shown to run in families. Having a positive family history of learning disability seems to account for mean differences in achievement outcomes (reading, math) in that children with a positive family history score significantly lower compared to their peers with no such family history. However, the role of family history status in explaining etiological (genetic and environmental) differences among these subgroups of children has yet to be established. The present study of 872 twins ( Mage = 13.30, SDage = 1.40) from the Florida Twin Project on Reading, Behavior, and Environment utilized a multigroup approach to examine etiological differences on reading, spelling, and math among two subgroups defined by family history status. Results showed significant mean differences on all achievement outcomes, aside from math; however, no significant etiological differences on any achievement outcome were found among the two subgroups. Results support previous literature that the risk for developing a learning disability is transmitted through a family, but this is seemingly not manifested by differential etiology.
Career and Technical Education, Inclusion, and Postsecondary Outcomes for Students With Learning Disabilities
Authors: Theobald Roddy J. , Goldhaber Dan D. , Gratz Trevor M. , Holden Kristian L.
Published: May 2018

We used longitudinal data from Washington State to investigate the relationships among career and technical education (CTE) enrollment, inclusion in general education, and high school and postsecondary outcomes for students with learning disabilities. We replicated earlier findings that students with learning disabilities who were enrolled in a “concentration” of CTE courses had higher rates of employment after graduation than observably similar students with learning disabilities who were enrolled in fewer CTE courses. We also found that students with learning disabilities who spent more time in general education classrooms in high school had higher rates of on-time graduation, college attendance, and employment than observably similar students with learning disabilities who spent less time in general education classrooms in these grades.
Environmental enrichment prevents pup mortality in laboratory mice
Authors: Leidinger Charlotte S , Thöne-Reineke Christa , Baumgart Nadine , Baumgart Jan
Published: May 2018

Early death of mouse pups is a commonly known problem in breeding mice colonies, which is still often regarded as ‘normal’ or is even overlooked due to the counting procedures applied. As reduced breeding performance probably indicates reduced well-being, this seems to be an underestimated welfare issue in laboratory mouse breeding. The present study compares the influence of three different forms of enrichment in breeding cages on infant survival rate and development of C57BL/6J mice. Our data reveal that lack of enrichment results in greater preweaning pup mortality, reduced weight and delayed development. Changing the environmental conditions after birth cannot prevent litter loss but improves the development of pups born in impoverished environments. Overall, our results underline the importance of early counting of mice for optimizing refinement strategies to ensure well-being and breeding success.
Capacity of Objective Measures of Physical Activity to Predict Brazilian Children’s Low Motor Proficiency
Authors: Santos Manoella O. , Barbosa Diego G. , Junior Geraldo J. F. , Silva Raísa C. , Pelegrini Andreia , Felden Érico P. G.
Published: May 2018

This study analyzed the associations between physical activity (PA) and motor proficiency (MP) to determine what level of moderate PA might help avoid low MP in 8-10-year-old Brazilian children. We assessed MP of 98 children using the Bruininks-Oseretsky Motor Proficiency, Second Edition Short Form (BOT-2 SF), and we assessed PA using the GT3X + accelerometer. We analyzed data using means, standard deviations, frequency distribution, spearman correlation coefficients, Mann–Whitney U test, and the Receiver Operating Characteristics curve. There was a difference between groups of children with adequate or better versus low MP in minutes/day of moderate PA (defined as 2,296–4,011 accelerometer counts/minute; U = 666.0, p = .045) such that those with less time engaged in moderate PA had lower MP scores than peers with adequate MP. There was also a positive correlation between moderate PA and the strength and agility MP domain ( rs = .226; p = .025). In addition, minutes/day of moderate PA less than or equal to 142.56 minutes showed predictive capacity for low MP (area under the curve = 0.635; p = .027). Thus, objective measures of PA were able to predict low MP in 8-10-year-old Brazilian children, with an approximate guideline of about 2.5 hours per day of moderate PA needed to protect against low MP.
Female Judo Athletes’ Physical Test Performances Are Unrelated to Technical–Tactical Competition Skills
Authors: Kons Rafael L. , Dal Pupo Juliano , Ache-Dias Jonathan , Detanico Daniele
Published: May 2018

This study analyzed the relationship between generic and judo-specific physical test performances and technical–tactical competition performances among 19 female judo athletes. Participant data were gathered in two stages: (a) physical tests—countermovement jump (CMJ), handgrip strength, Special Judo Fitness Test and Judogi Grip Strength Test; and (b) match performances recorded for technical–tactical analysis. Pearson’s linear correlation and multiple linear regression analysis showed no significant correlations between any technical–tactical parameter and judo-specific physical tests. However, the number of attacks during matches was significantly positively correlated with countermovement jump height (CMJJH; r = 0.69, p = .002), peak power output (CMJPPO; r = 0.53, p = .002), and peak velocity (CMJPV; r = 0.62, p = .001). Effective time during matches was significantly correlated with all CMJ parameters (except maximum force; r = 0.65−0.76, p ≤ .01) and with right hand grip strength ( r = 0.48, p = .037). Match effectiveness was correlated with CMJPPO ( r = −0.67, p = .001), mean power output (CMJMPO; r = −0.54, p = .017), and CMJPV ( r = −0.54, p = .004). The explained power of variance was low for all variables at 45-54%. We conclude that judo-specific performance tests do not seem to be related to female judo athletes’ technical–tactical skills in official competition, though athletes with higher lower limb muscle power and higher handgrip strength showed higher time effectiveness during matches.
Social Solidarity for All? Trade Union Strategies, Labor Market Dualization, and the Welfare State in Italy and South Korea
Authors: Durazzi Niccolo , Fleckenstein Timo , Lee Soohyun Christine
Published: May 2018

Challenging the new political-economic “mainstream” that considers trade unions to be “complicit” in labor market dualization, this article’s analysis of union strategies in Italy and South Korea, most-different union movements perceived as unlikely cases for the pursuit of broader social solidarity, shows that in both countries unions have successively moved away from insider-focused strategies and toward “solidarity for all” in the industrial relations arena as well as in their social policy preferences. Furthermore, unions explored new avenues of political agency, often in alliance with civil society organizations. This convergent trend toward a social model of unionism is ascribed to a response of unions to a “double crisis”: that is, a socioeconomic crisis, which takes the form of a growing periphery of the labor market associated with growing social exclusion, and a sociopolitical crisis, which takes the form of an increasing marginalization of the unions from the political process.
Islam and the Spirits of Capitalism: Competing Articulations of the Islamic Economy
Authors: Botoeva Aisalkyn
Published: May 2018

Why has the Islamic economy, as a model of socioeconomic development, gained traction as a viable option? The existing literature suggests that the Islamic economy has been popularized by a combination of factors, including anticolonial movements, a global renewal of religiosity, and the activities of new social strata who merge piety with capitalist orientations. These approaches, however, tend to homogenize social actors, subsuming them under the overarching label of Islamism. In contrast, this article employs the lens of “intra-hegemonic struggles” to identify three competing orientations of Islamism and their manifestation in the economy. Drawing on eighteen months of fieldwork in Kazakhstan and Kyrgyzstan, it argues that this contestation motivates diverse segments of the society to create and engage in the Islamic economy, rather than any single state-driven or identity-based movement. The article synthesizes three otherwise isolated bodies of work: the political sociology of articulation, new theories of Islamism, and the concept of imaginaries from economic sociology.
Evaluating Implicit Emotions of Chinese University Students With Different Levels of Social Adjustment: Implicit Measurement Based on the Go/No-go Association Task
Authors: Ge Ying , Huo Jun-yu , Wenger Jay L.
Published: May 2018

In this study, 60 university students were selected as research participants based on the Chinese Student Adjustment Scale. Participants were divided into two groups: high level of social adjustment and low level of social adjustment. Then using the Go/No-go Association Task as the implicit association experimental paradigm, implicit emotions were evaluated by having participants respond to different facial expressions as quickly as possible. The group of participants with higher levels of social adjustment performed better when responding to self-concepts with positive facial expressions, compared to responding to non-self-concepts with either positive or negative facial expressions. Thus, they showed an implicit preference for processing information about self with positive emotions. The group of participants with lower levels of social adjustment did not show the same benefit when responding to self-concepts. Instead, they performed better when responding to other-related concepts with different facial expressions, irrespective of the emotional content. Thus, they manifested an implicit preference for processing information about others with different emotions, suggesting a deficiency in processing their own emotions. In addition, the results validated the objectivity of the Chinese Student Adjustment Scale as an assessment tool.
The Relationship Between Hofstede’s Cultural Dimensions, Schwartz’s Cultural Values, and Obesity
Authors: Tekeş Burcu , Üzümcüoğlu Yeşim , Hoe Connie , Özkan Türker
Published: May 2018

According to the World Health Organization, obesity is a major public health issue. In 2014, there were more than 600 million obese people around the world. According to the data of the World Health Organization, obesity rates differ among countries. One possible underlying reason of the difference can be culture, more specifically shared cultural values. The strategies and policies regarding obesity were developed; however, the effect of culture is not adequately considered. The aim of the study is to investigate the relationship between obesity rates of countries, Hofstede’s cultural dimensions, Schwartz’s values, and Gross National Income per capita per country. The data consist of obesity ranking (i.e., the percentage of the population with a body mass index of 30 kg/m2 or higher), Gross National Income per capita for each country, and cultural variables (i.e., Hofstede’s cultural dimensions for 54 nations and Schwartz’s cultural values for 57 nations). Hierarchical regression analysis results revealed that Gross National Income per capita was not a significantly related obesity at the aggregated level. Among Hofstede’s dimensions, individualism and uncertainty avoidance were positively associated with obesity, and long-term orientation was negatively associated with obesity. The relationship between Schwartz’s cultural values and obesity was not found to be significant. Findings suggest that Hofstede’s cultural dimensions should be considered when developing national level strategies and campaigns to decrease obesity.