bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Case report: Infected foot ulcer and methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus bacteremia in a diabetic patient
Authors: Goula Margarita , Felix Patricia , Mbuyamba Meta-Celestine , Pirotte Benoit
Published: June 2019

Diabetic foot ulcer is one of the most frequent complications affecting the diabetic patient. While there has been considerable progress regarding the diagnostic tools and the range of antibiotic choices, the outcome is often unsatisfactory, the presence of peripheral arterial occlusive disease being among the main factors influencing the evolution. This paper describes the management of a patient presenting with an infected foot ulcer and persistent methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia, furthercomplicated by spondylodiskitis and infectious endocarditis: the case gives an opportunity to review the literature in search of theoptimal care and the right treatment choices.
Resolución de problemas abiertos en ecología para la ESO
Authors: Rosa Novalbos David , Martínez Aznar Maria Mercedes
Published: June 2019

Esta investigación de tipo cuasiexperimental se basa en la metodología indagativa MRPI (metodología de resolución de problemas como investigación) para el aprendizaje de la ecología con escolares de 13-14 años (2.º de ESO). Se diseñó e implementó una unidad didáctica centrada en situaciones problemáticas abiertas contextualizadas. A partir de las resoluciones se analizaron los aprendizajes en términos competenciales para el grupo experimental y se compararon los logros conseguidos en la resolución de un ejercicio cerrado con los de un grupo control que siguió un enfoque más tradicional de enseñanza. El grupo experimental alcanzó un nivel óptimo en todas las dimensiones de la competencia científica presentes en la MRPI y afrontaron los problemas cerrados de forma más metódica y completa que el grupo control.
AGRICULTURAL EMPLOYMENT TRANSFORMATION IN FRANCE
Authors: Fourcroy Elena , Drejerska Nina
Published: June 2019

Research on sectoral employment is an important part of economic investigation devoted to structural change, traditionally referred to when describing economic growth. At the same time, agricultural employment has been traditionally studied as an important feature characterizing rural economies. The main aim of the paper is to investigate agricultural employment transformation in France from the beginning of the twentieth century. Specific objectives include the presentation of changes in agricultural employment in France as well as their main determinants. A theoretical concept of the three sectors by Colin Clark, Jean Fourastié and Allan Fisher was referred to. It can be concluded that France is now in the “completion phase”, with the service sector dominating the employment structure. However, the French economy never experienced a real period of industrial predominance specified in the three-sector theory. Current issues in agricultural employment in France include the ageing of farmers, newcomers (already related to agriculture by their family or outsiders), increasing involvement of women as well as flows between sectors (agriculture is not a lifelong profession any more).
CHANGES IN THE PROFITABILITY OF PRODUCTION OF INDUSTRIAL POTATOES IN POLAND – A CASE STUDY
Authors: Cirocki Robert , Gołębiewska Barbara
Published: June 2019

This paper assesses the profitability of industrial potato production in Poland. The studies indicated changes on the market concerning industrial potatoes and involved an assessment of the area of cultivation and level of production achieved in comparison to other EU countries. Farm profitability is determined based on the calculated gross margin from which its agricultural income was estimated. An analysis of the profitability of assets and sales was also prepared. Changes in potato production and crop yield as well as the general situation on the potato market were analysed. It was shown that the purchase price of potatoes and potato crop cultivation materials are the most important factors contributing to the profitability of potato production. Research was carried out at a specifically selected family farm specializing in potato production. It was observed that the farmer did not pursue drastic reductions in production costs, as this would have led to a decrease in income and profitability. However, their strategy did allow for a sufficiently high gross margin to be obtained. The gross margin from potato production that was obtained in 2014-2018 was positive, and higher than the average in their province.
ECONOMIC EFFICIENCY OF APPLYING A HEAT PUMP SYSTEM IN HEATING BASED ON THE EXAMPLE OF THE RUDA-HUTA COMMUNE EXPERIENCE
Authors: Gradziuk Piotr , Gradziuk Barbara
Published: June 2019

The purpose of the conducted research was to assess the economic efficiency of the application of heat pumps in heating. The research was carried out in the Ruda-Huta Commune (Chełm County, Lublin Province). The research was conducted at the School Complex, where, in 2012, the heating system was changed from a system powered by fuel oil to a system of ground heat pumps. Due to the very low level of interest rates during the analysed years, the method of simple payback time, SPBT, was used to assess the economic effectiveness of this investment. The research shows that the application of a ground-source heat pump for heating the building of the School Complex in Ruda-Huta was economically efficient in comparison with the oil fuel system. The SPBT simple payback time was 2.14 years. Obtaining such a quick return on capital expenditure was a result of both significantly lower operating costs and obtained subsidy in the amount of approximately 50% of the total financial resources spent on the implementation of this project. Based on the obtained results, it can be concluded that the replacement of the oil heating system with heat pumps would be economically viable even without subsidies, but then the SPBT would extend to 5.48 years.
BIOLOGICAL BENEFITS FROM GROWING LEGUME CROPS IN THE CONTEXT OF PROTECTING PRODUCTION FACTORS
Authors: Florek Joanna , Czerwińska-Kayzer Dorota
Published: June 2019

The purpose of this paper was to show the economic rationale behind growing legume plants in crop rotation. To pursue that objective, this paper presents a modified profitability accounting method for agricultural production which takes biological benefits into consideration. The following sequence of crop rotation was used in this study: forage pea – winter rape – winter wheat. An assumption was made that, from an economic point of view, the after-effect of legume crops on soil and yields of subsequent crops is an important factor which, however, is disregarded in calculations. Research suggests that legume crop growing brings measurable benefits in following years. As regards forage pea, rape and wheat, biological benefits represented 2%, 19% and 12% of total income, respectively, in the study period. Feedback from respondents suggests that 25% of the interviewees do not reduce nitrogen fertilization input in the years after growing legume crops. In turn, as much as 83% of farmers surveyed do not reduce their phosphorus and potassium fertilization rates for subsequent crops. However, agricultural producers usually fail to take account of additional biological benefits brought about by legumes when assessing their economic competitiveness against cereals and rape.
FARM SUSTAINABILITY AND FARMERS’ INFORMATION GATHERING HABITS
Authors: Kłoczko-Gajewska Anna , Sulewski Piotr
Published: June 2019

Obtaining accurate and up-to-date information, followed by deepening knowledge, is a prerequisite for proper farm management. This also refers to the sustainability of a farm, understood as achieving a high score in economic, environmental, and social dimensions. Basing on a representative sample of 601 farms participating in the Polish FADN it was checked if information gathering habits of farmers are correlated with the level of farm sustainability. The analysis was carried out basing on the FADN data supported by face-to-face interviews with farmers. The analysis revealed that farmers managing more sustainable farms are more active in looking for information, and use more sophisticated channels (e.g. conducting discussions in Internet forums or reading magazines, as compared with watching TV programmes). Farmers managing more sustainable farms usually looked for information concerning plant production technology, farm production economics, environmentally-friendly farming, renewable energy sources, and farming machines.
JPKatastrofa, czyli o „szkodliwych” poglądach głoszonych w dobrej sprawie
Authors: Modzelewski Witold , Stelmach Mikołaj
Published: June 2019

Skala wyłudzeń dokonywanych z wykorzystaniem mechanizmu podatku od towarów i usług oraz podatność tej daniny na dokonywanie uszczupleń w naturalny sposób skutkuje (powinna skutkować) działaniami ustawodawcy zmierzającymi do przeciwdziałania zjawiskom niepożądanym (zapobieganie kradzieży środków należnych budżetowi państwa, modnie zwane „uszczelnieniem”). Czy są to zawsze pomysły przemyślane, przy których opracowaniu i wdrożeniu wzięto pod uwagę wynikające z obowiązujących przepisów zasady funkcjonowania podatku od towarów i usług? Można niestety mieć w tym zakresie duże wątpliwości.
Uso de diferentes pontas de pulverização no controle de doenças no trigo
Authors: Dorneles Alicia Baumhardt , Bottega Eduardo Leonel , Oliveira Zanandra Boff de , Knies Alberto Eduardo , Silva Clarissa Moraes da , Souza Irajá Jantsch de
Published: June 2019

Unstable environmental factors contribute to the incidence of diseases and pests, causing reduced yield and grain contamination, especially the attack by Giberela (Fusarium graminerum). In this scenario, appropriate management techniques are needed. Strategies such as choosing the suitability of the spray tip for chemical control are indispensable. The aim of this study was to use four spray tips: CVI 11002, ADI ISO 11002, TVI ISO 8002 and ATR 8002. The experiment was conducted in the experimental area of The State University of Rio Grande do Sul, in the district of Três Vendas, in Cachoeira do Sul-RS. The cultivar used was TBIO SELETO. The fungicide used was Nativo®. A completely randomized experimental design with 4 replicates and a control plot was adopted. The following parameters were evaluated: weight of one thousand grains (PMG, %), hectoliter weight (PH; kg hL-1) and yield (PRD; kg ha-1). The variance was tested by applying the Snedcor F test (p<0.05) and the means were compared by the Tukey's test (p<0.05). The weight of one thousand grains, hectoliter weight and yield were not influenced by the use of different spray tips adopted in the wheat phytosanitary control.
Descamando o nu: o sentido do despido na arte contemporânea
Authors: Mello Júlia , Oliveira Cláudia
Published: June 2019

Este artigo apresenta uma análise da construção do corpo nu como categoria estética na cultura ocidental e da subversão da sua associação com o belo, proporcional e harmônico feita através da valorização do corpo “cru”e despido da arte contemporânea. O estudo de Kenneth Clark (1956) tem grande relevância para a manutenção da concepção do nu como elemento central da arte europeia, da idealização do maior grau de sofisticação da arte. Algo totalmente diferente do despido que, segundo o autor, implica em constrangimento e vulnerabilidade. A partir de elementos da metodologia visual crítica e da sua articulação com o feminismo, exploramos o significado de “nu”e “despido”considerando autores como John Berger (1999), Lynda Nead (1992) e Frances Borzello (2012). Os resultados revelam que o nu descamado, o corpo despido e “obsceno”no cenário da arte contemporânea, mostra-se como um importante objeto de práticas culturais que questionam convenções pré-estabelecidas.
A arte performática de Marina Abramovic: corpo e dor
Authors: Bortoluzzi Gilvani José , Biancalana Gisela Reis
Published: June 2019

A arte performática de Abramovic é provocativa, perturbadora e impactante. Este artigo tem por objetivo analisar duas de suas performances: Rhythm 10 (1973) e Rhythm 0 (1974). O desenvolvimento do artigo exigiu uma aproximação com a história de vida da artista, para tentar compreender a energia marcante das suas performances. As performances trazem em comum, o fato de a artista submeter seu corpo ao risco de ferimentos e à dor, muito presentes no início de sua trajetória artística
Arte contemporânea e o retorno da censura: caso Queermuseu e suas adjacências
Authors: Selistre Jacks Ricardo , Duarte Mariana
Published: June 2019

O presente estudo tem como principal objetivo realizar uma análise da censura no panorama artístico brasileiro, focando na exposição QueerMuseu: Cartografias da Diferença na Arte Brasileira, que foi precocemente fechada em Porto Alegre no ano de 2017. Busca-se compreender de que maneira a história da arte foi construída, relacionando com as imposições sistêmicas que levam à construção e à manutenção de um cânone que rege a instituição da arte, deste modo analisa-se como ocorrem as exclusões presentes no sistema de arte hegemônico, perpassando pela questão da censura, em sua origem no Brasil de 1964, até os dias atuais. Ainda realiza-se uma análise sobre os tipos de censura possíveis nas sociedades contemporâneas, explorando desde as censuras governamentais às censuras que são desenvolvidas socialmente através dos discursos.
Redaktionelt forord
Authors: Gjerlevsen Simona Zetterberg , Møller Andreas Hjort , Møller Lis
Published: June 2019

Fiktionaliseret historie er på mode. I fantasy som serierne Game of Thrones og Outlander, der trækker på historisk funderede motiver og forestillingsverdener. Med fænomener som steampunk, der monterer artefakter fra Victoriatiden ind i andre historiske sammenhænge. I computerspil som Call of Duty: WWII, der repræsenterer Anden Verdenskrig. Sidste år blev betegnelsen “exofiktion” udråbt som en afløser for litteraturens autofiktive tendens. Nu skulle litteraturen ikke længere beskæftige sig med forfatterjeget, men med kendte og historiske personer.

I dette nummer af Passage viser mødet mellem historie og fiktion sig i forskellige afskygninger på tværs af historiske perioder og medier. Nummeret afspejler, hvor langt tilbage tendensen til at bruge fiktionen for at forstå fortiden går og samtidig, hvordan sådanne manifestationer har ændret sig. Nummeret sætter også fokus på de mere problematiske sider af fiktionaliseret historie. Eksempelvis blev Jim Lyngvilds fiktionaliserede fremstilling af vikinger i forbindelse med Nationalmuseets vikingeudstilling i 2018 voldsomt kritiseret af museumsfolk og historikere, som var kritisk indstillede over for en sammenblanding af historie og fiktion på et historisk museum, hvor publikum forventer at møde fakta og ikke fiktion. En fejlrepræsentation af fortiden kan være problematisk, også selvom det er i en traditionel fiktiv genre eller med tydelige tegn på fiktionalitet, fordi læseren, beskueren eller forbrugeren får en fejlopfattelse af fortiden og dens personer. Men fiktionaliseret historie kan i bedste fald give en historisk bevidsthed gennem sit billedskabende potentiale, som historieskrivningen har svært ved at fremstille. Fiktionaliseret historie er altså ikke simpel. Det indebærer komplicerede strategier, der trækker historiske, mediemæssige, kommercielle og sommetider etiske spørgsmål med sig. Samtidig med, at fiktionali­seret historie kan være en vej til viden om en given historisk periode, begivenhed eller person, røber den med sin vinkel og sit særlige greb på historien sin egen tids historiske specificitet. Det har vi med dette nummer af Passage søgt at vise gennem en række forskelligartede bidrag.
Entrevista a Marc Segura, finalista de los premios EIMT
Authors: Porta Laura
Published: June 2019

Marc Segura ha sido finalista de los premios a los mejores trabajos de final de grado (TFG) y de máster (TFM) de los Estudios de Informática, Multimedia y Telecomunicación de la UOC (EIMT). En esta entrevista, nos cuenta cómo ha sido su experiencia como estudiante en la UOC, sus motivaciones para la realización del proyecto y sus sensaciones como finalista.
Arp2/3 complex-driven spatial patterning of the BCR enhances immune synapse formation, BCR signaling and B cell activation
Authors: Bolger-Munro Madison , Choi Kate , Scurll Joshua M , Abraham Libin , Chappell Rhys S , Sheen Duke , Dang-Lawson May , Wu Xufeng , Priatel John J , Coombs Daniel , Hammer John A , Gold Michael R
Published: June 2019

When B cells encounter antigens on the surface of an antigen-presenting cell (APC), B cell receptors (BCRs) are gathered into microclusters that recruit signaling enzymes. These microclusters then move centripetally and coalesce into the central supramolecular activation cluster of an immune synapse. The mechanisms controlling BCR organization during immune synapse formation, and how this impacts BCR signaling, are not fully understood. We show that this coalescence of BCR microclusters depends on the actin-related protein 2/3 (Arp2/3) complex, which nucleates branched actin networks. Moreover, in murine B cells, this dynamic spatial reorganization of BCR microclusters amplifies proximal BCR signaling reactions and enhances the ability of membrane-associated antigens to induce transcriptional responses and proliferation. Our finding that Arp2/3 complex activity is important for B cell responses to spatially restricted membrane-bound antigens, but not for soluble antigens, highlights a critical role for Arp2/3 complex-dependent actin remodeling in B cell responses to APC-bound antigens.
Origin of acceptor diffusion into silicon substrate during GaN growth by metal organic chemical vapor deposition
Authors: Matsumoto Koji , Ono Toshiaki , Honda Yoshio , Torigoe Kazuhisa , Kushimoto Maki , Amano Hiroshi
Published: June 2019

This study investigated the change in carrier concentration near the surface of a silicon substrate during gallium nitride (GaN) growth with an aluminum nitride (AlN) buffer layer. It was observed that aluminum, gallium, and carbon diffused into the silicon substrate during the growth process and that the carrier concentration increased with increasing concentration of aluminum and gallium impurities. The gallium that diffused into the silicon substrate was identified as having originated from the gallium that decomposed on the reactor wall during the growth process and the gallium introduced onto the silicon substrate during GaN growth. In contrast, the amount of aluminum that diffused into the substrate was influenced by the duration of the trimethylaluminum (TMAl) flow: a long duration of the TMAl flow step before AlN growth led to a high aluminum concentration near the substrate surface.
Comparison of therapeutic effects of different mesenchymal stem cells on rheumatoid arthritis in mice
Authors: Zhang Qing , Li Qihong , Zhu Jun , Guo Hao , Zhai Qiming , Li Bei , Jin Yan , He Xiaoning , Jin Fang
Published: June 2019

Background

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic and nonspecific autoimmune disease, which leads to joint destruction and deformity. To investigate the potential of human mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) as a new therapeutic strategy for patients with RA, we compared the therapeutic effects of bone marrow derived MSCs (BMSCs), umbilical cord derived MSCs (UCs), and stem cells derived from human exfoliated deciduous teeth (SHED) on collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) in mice.

Methods

A total of 24 DBA/1 mice were infused with type II collagen to induce RA in the experimental model. MSC-treated mice were infused with UCs, BMSCs, and SHED, respectively. Bone erosion and joint destruction were measured by micro-computed tomographic (micro-CT) analysis and hematoxylin and eosin staining. The levels of tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) and interleukin-1β (IL-1β) were measured by immunohistochemistry and Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA).

Results

Systemic delivery of MSCs significantly improved the severity of the symptoms related to CIA to greater extent compared with the untreated control group. Micro-CT revealed reduced bone erosions in the metatarsophalangeal joints upon treatment with MSCs. Additionally, according to histologic evaluation, reduced synovitis and articular destruction were observed in MSC-treated groups. The levels of TNF-α and IL-1β in the serum and joints decreased with treatment by MSCs.

Conclusion

Our findings suggest that systemic infusion of UCs, BMSCs, and SHED may significantly alleviate the effects of RA. The therapeutic effect of BMSCs was greater than that of SHED, while the UCs were shown to have the best therapeutic effect on CIA mice. In conclusion, compared with BMSCs and SHED, UCs may be a more suitable source of MSCs for the treatment of patients with RA.
Phytochemical Composition and Nutritive Value of Unripe and Ripe Dennettia tripetala (DT) Fruits
Authors: Akpakpan Ekam I. , Onyeike Eugene N. , Ogunka-Nnoka Charity U.
Published: June 2019

Aims: To determine phytochemical and nutritive value of unripe and ripe pepper fruit.

Place and Duration of Study: Biochemistry Department, University of Port Harcourt, Rivers State, between the period of April and July, 2018.

Methodology: Phytochemical, proximate, minerals and vitamin composition were carried out using standard methods.

Results: The unripe fruit of DT had significant (P<0.05) higher concentrations of terpenes, phytosterol, steroid, oxalate, saponin, alkaloid and phytate when compared to the ripe fruit; while tannins, phenol, flavonoid, coumarin, cardiac and cyanogenic glycosides were higher in the ripe fruit compared to the unripe fruit. The ash and lipid content of DT fruits were significantly (p< 0.05) higher in the ripe DT fruit than unripe DT fruit; while the carbohydrate and the crude fibre content were significantly (p<0.05) higher in the unripe than the ripe DT fruit. The energy value (kcal/100 g sample) calculated from Atwater factors of 4, 9, 4 for carbohydrates, lipids and proteins was 347.2 for unripe and 331.4 for ripe DT fruits. Potassium composition of DT fruits were significantly (p<0.05) higher in the ripe fruit than the unripe fruit, while zinc was higher in the unripe fruit than the ripe fruit. The concentration of Na, Se, Pb, Ca, Fe and Cu did not differ significantly (p<0.05) between the two fruits. DT fruits possessed a significantly (p<0.05) higher concentrations of vitamin A, B1, B2, B3, B5, B7, B9, B12 and C than the ripe fruit; while the unripe fruits showed a significantly higher concentrations of Vitamin B6 and K than the ripe fruit.

Conclusion: Therefore, unripe and ripe DT fruits may be consumed as potential sources of nutrients and phytochemicals which may be significant as dietary supplements.
Strength, Weakness, Opportunity and Challenges in Agriculture Markets
Authors: Radadiya Bankim L. , Shukla Parag C.
Published: June 2019

Agriculture market provides more scopes and benefits to the farmers. By using emerging technologies and using internet and online facilities, now farmers can directly participate in the auction and they can bid the same. Here, in this research paper we discuss about the SWOC (Strength, Weakness, Opportunity, Challenges) analysis of agriculture market. Strength, Weakness, Opportunity and Challenges in Agriculture. Strength covers the points like Strong links with the government providing subsidies. Nationwide presence. High control over all the operations within the production process. Even government vision is to encourage the consistency, standardization in agriculture marketplace by restructuring the measures between consumers and suppliers. [1] Actual value sighting is constructed on demand and supply. Weakness covers the points like Farmer already have strong attachment to existing local marketers. Lacks of confirmed market positioning. Opportunity covers the points like Farmer will get the benefits that whole process of auction will be based on quality of product and it will be totally transparent. Farmer will get the timely payment through online. All the APMC in the countries will come under the joint online marketplace. In APMC farmer will get the benefit by the state government, but in eNam is a national agriculture market in which farmer will get the exposure of nationwide. Challenges cover the points like Participating all the APMC’s through one joint connected marketplace. Already too much competition within the market is there. So many current participants are already contributing the undistinguishable products.
Water Requirement of Solanaceous Vegetable Crops in Kashmir Valley
Authors: Ahmad Latief , Qayoom Sameera , Afroza Baseerat , Bhat Owais A. , Mushtaq Nighat
Published: June 2019

Studies on water balance and irrigation at agricultural areas require accurate values of reference evapotranspiration. The values obtained can help farmers to determine the water requirement of these vegetable crops so that proper irrigation can be applied according to its growth stage and weather condition. The objective of this study was to calculate water requirements for four Solanaceous vegetable crops: Tomato, Potato, Chilli and Brinjal grown in temperate conditions of Kashmir Valley. Water requirements were calculated using the FAO-56 Penman-Monteith Method. The total water requirement for tomato, potato, chilli and brinjal was found 458 mm, 286 mm, 343 mm and 410 mm respectively. The maximum water was required by all crops during the mid-season stage comprising nearly 45-60% of the total water requirement of the crop.
Sources of Potassic Fertilization in Soybean Production under Different Irrigation Blades
Authors: Bianchini Hudson Carvalho , Marques Douglas Jose
Published: June 2019

Aims: The objective of this research was to evaluate the physiological and biometric parameters of the soybean crop in potassic fertilization sources under different irrigation blades. Two potassium sources (ground rock, “phonolite”, with 9% K2O and potassium chloride with 60% K2O) and five irrigation blades (30, 70, 100, 130 and 160% of the recommended blade) were used.

Study Design: The experimental design was in randomized blocks, with ten treatments and four replications, in a 2 x 5 factorial scheme, totaling 40 vessels.

Place and Duration of Study: Sample: Department of Agronomy, UNIFENAS, between March 2018 and November 2018.

Methodology: Soil moisture was determined through tensiometers, using a water potential of -30kPa, considered adequate for the soybean crop. At the end of the crop cycle, the weight of shoot dry matter, weight of 1000 seeds, weight of seeds standardized to 13% moisture, total chlorophyll, chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b and carotenoids, besides nutrient content of the leaf tissue, were evaluated.

Conclusion: KCl favors the accumulation of dry matter, weight of 1000 grains and grain production in the soybean crop in the different irrigation blades. Phonolite increases calcium and magnesium contents in the leaves, independently of the irrigation blade used, also favoring the increase in phosphorus and sulfur contents when soil moisture increases.
Biochemical study of sortase E2 from Streptomyces mobaraensis and determination of transglutaminase cross‐linking sites
Authors: Anderl Anita , Ferlemann Cathrin , Muth Marius , Henkel‐Gupalo Antonina , Ebenig Aileen , Brenner‐Weiß Gerald , Kolmar Harald , Fuchsbauer Hans‐Lothar
Published: June 2019

Distinct streptomycetes such as Streptomyces mobaraensis produce the protein cross‐linking enzyme transglutaminase. Bioinformatic analysis predicted the occurrence of seven sortases exerting transpeptidation reactions similarly to transglutaminase. Here, we report the production and characterization of sortase E2 (Sm‐SrtE2) solubilized by removal of its membrane anchor domain. Sm‐SrtE2 activity was measured using pentapeptides predicted to be cell wall sorting signals of putative sortase substrate proteins. Preferred linkage to Gly3 by Sm‐SrtE2 was in the order LAETG>>LAHTG>>LAQTG~LANTG>LARTG. Chaplin 1 from S. mobaraensis was further demonstrated to be an excellent substrate of both the intrinsic Sm‐SrtE2 and transglutaminase. The unexpected discovery showing Gln‐62 and Gln‐65 of Δ1–50‐Sm‐SrtE2 as transglutaminase cross‐linking sites suggests that low enzyme stability might be due to anchor domain truncation and a disordered N terminus.
CARF and ASAM award first 7 level‐of‐care certifications
Authors: Knopf Alison
Published: June 2019

Under the pilot for its new certification program for substance use disorder treatment, the American Society of Addiction Medicine (ASAM) has awarded the first seven certifcaitions. The ASAM level‐of‐care certification was created in partnership with CARF International and announced earlier this year (see “CARF adds OBOT accreditation and ASAM certification,” ADAW, Feb. 4, https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/adaw.32246).
Tailoring the Mechanical Properties of 3D Microstructures Using Visible Light Post‐Manufacturing
Authors: Gernhardt Marvin , Blasco Eva , Hippler Marc , Blinco James , Bastmeyer Martin , Wegener Martin , Frisch Hendrik , Barner‐Kowollik Christopher
Published: June 2019

The photochemistry of anthracene, a new class of photoresist for direct laser writing, is used to enable visible‐light‐gated control over the mechanical properties of 3D microstructures post‐manufacturing. The mechanical and viscoelastic properties (hardness, complex elastic modulus, and loss factor) of the microstructures are measured over the course of irradiation via dynamic mechanical analysis on the nanoscale. Irradiation of the microstructures leads to a strong hardening and stiffening effect due to the generation of additional crosslinks through the photodimerization of the anthracene functionalities. A relationship between the loss of fluorescence—a consequence of the photodimerization—and changes in the mechanical properties is established. The fluorescence thus serves as a proxy read‐out for the mechanical properties. These photoresponsive microstructures can potentially be used as “mechanical blank slates”: their mechanical properties can be readily adjusted using visible light to serve the demands of different applications and read out using their fluorescence.
Encapsulation of Plasmid DNA by Nanoscale Metal–Organic Frameworks for Efficient Gene Transportation and Expression
Authors: Li Yantao , Zhang Kai , Liu Porun , Chen Mo , Zhong Yulin , Ye Qingsong , Wei Ming Q. , Zhao Huijun , Tang Zhiyong
Published: June 2019

The intracellular delivery and functionalization of genetic molecules play critical roles in gene‐based theranostics. In particular, the delivery of plasmid DNA (pDNA) with safe nonviral vectors for efficient intracellular gene expression has received increasing attention; however, it still has some limitations. A facile one‐pot method is employed to encapsulate pDNA into zeolitic imidazole framework‐8 (ZIF‐8) and ZIF‐8‐polymer vectors via biomimetic mineralization and coprecipitation. The pDNA molecules are found to be well distributed inside both nanostructures and benefit from their protection against enzymatic degradation. Moreover, through the use of a polyethyleneimine (PEI) 25 kD capping agent, the nanostructures exhibit enhanced loading capacity, better pH responsive release, and stronger binding affinity to pDNA. From in vitro experiments, the cellular uptake and endosomal escape of the protected pDNA are greatly improved with the superior ZIF‐8‐PEI 25 kD vector, leading to successful gene expression with high transfection efficacy, comparable to expensive commercial agents. New cost‐effective avenues to develop metal–organic‐framework‐based nonviral vectors for efficient gene delivery and expression are provided.
Generation of an immortalized erythroid progenitor cell line from peripheral blood: A model system for the functional analysis of Plasmodium spp. invasion
Authors: Scully Erik J. , Shabani Estela , Rangel Gabriel W. , Grüring Christof , Kanjee Usheer , Clark Martha A. , Chaand Mudit , Kurita Ryo , Nakamura Yukio , Ferreira Marcelo U. , Duraisingh Manoj T.
Published: May 2019

Malaria pathogenesis is caused by the replication of Plasmodium parasites within the red blood cells (RBCs) of the vertebrate host. This selective pressure has favored the evolution of protective polymorphisms in erythrocyte proteins, a subset of which serve as cognate receptors for parasite invasion ligands. Recently, the generation of RBCs from immortalized hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) has offered a more tractable system for genetic manipulation and long‐term in vitro culture, enabling elucidation of the functional determinants of host susceptibility in vitro. Here we report the generation of an immortalized erythroid progenitor cell line (EJ cells) from as few as 100 000 peripheral blood mononuclear cells. It offers a robust method for the creation of customized model systems from small volumes of peripheral blood. The EJ cell differentiation mirrored erythropoiesis of primary HSCs, yielding orthochromatic erythroblasts and enucleated RBCs after eight days (ejRBCs). The ejRBCs supported invasion by both P. vivax and P. falciparum. To demonstrate the genetic tractability of this system, we used CRISPR/Cas9 to disrupt the Duffy Antigen/Receptor for Chemokines (DARC) gene, which encodes the canonical receptor of P. vivax in humans. Invasion of P. vivax into this DARC‐knockout cell line was strongly inhibited providing direct genetic evidence that P. vivax requires DARC for RBC invasion. Further, genetic complementation of DARC restored P. vivax invasion. Taken together, the peripheral blood immortalization method presented here offers the capacity to generate biologically representative model systems for studies of blood‐stage malaria invasion from the peripheral blood of donors harboring unique genetic backgrounds, or rare polymorphisms.
Temperature‐Dependent Nucleation and Growth of Dendrite‐Free Lithium Metal Anodes
Authors: Yan Kang , Wang Jiangyan , Zhao Shuoqing , Zhou Dong , Sun Bing , Cui Yi , Wang Guoxiu
Published: May 2019

It is essential to develop a facile and effective method to enhance the electrochemical performance of lithium metal anodes for building high‐energy‐density Li‐metal based batteries. Herein, we explored the temperature‐dependent Li nucleation and growth behavior and constructed a dendrite‐free Li metal anode by elevating temperature from room temperature (20 °C) to 60 °C. A series of ex situ and in situ microscopy investigations demonstrate that increasing Li deposition temperature results in large nuclei size, low nucleation density, and compact growth of Li metal. We reveal that the enhanced lithiophilicity and the increased Li‐ion diffusion coefficient in aprotic electrolytes at high temperature are essential factors contributing to the dendrite‐free Li growth behavior. As anodes in both half cells and full cells, the compact deposited Li with minimized specific surface area delivered high Coulombic efficiencies and long cycling stability at 60 °C.
Carbonylation of C−N Bonds in Tertiary Amines Catalyzed by Low‐Valent Iron Catalysts
Authors: Nasr Allah Tawfiq , Savourey Solène , Berthet Jean‐Claude , Nicolas Emmanuel , Cantat Thibault
Published: May 2019

The first iron catalysts able to promote the formal insertion of CO into the C−N bond of amines are reported. Using low‐valent iron complexes, including K2[Fe(CO)4], amides are formed from aromatic and aliphatic amines, in the presence of an iodoalkane promoter. Inorganic Lewis acids, such as AlCl3and Nd(OTf)3, have a positive influence on the catalytic activity of the iron salts, enabling the carbonylation at a low pressure of CO (6 to 8 bars).
Bacteria‐Resistant Single Chain Cyclized/Knotted Polymer Coatings
Authors: Xu Qian , A Sigen , Venet Manon , Gao Yongsheng , Zhou Dezhong , Wang Wei , Zeng Ming , Rotella Chiara , Li Xiaolin , Wang Xi , Lyu Jing , Rodriguez Brian J. , Wang Wenxin
Published: May 2019

Further to conventional linear, branched, crosslinked, and dendritic polymers, single chain cyclized/knotted polymers (SCKPs) have emerged as a new class of polymer structure with unique properties. Herein, the development of bacteria‐resistant SCKPs is reported and the effect of this structure on the resistance of polymer materials to bacteria is investigated. Four SCKPs were synthesized by reversible addition fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) homopolymerization of multivinyl monomers (MVMs) and then crosslinked by UV light to form SCKP films. Regardless of MVM type used, the resulting SCKP films showed much higher resistance to bacteria, and up to 75 % less bacterial attachment and biofilm formation, in comparison with the corresponding non‐SCKP films. This is due to the altered surface morphology and hydrophobicity of the SCKP films. These results highlight the critical role of the SCKP structure in enhancing the resistance of polymeric materials to bacteria.
Physicochemical evaluation of nanocomposite hydrogels with covalently incorporated poly(vinyl alcohol) functionalized graphene oxide
Authors: Olad Ali , Eslamzadeh Morad , Mirmohseni Abdolreza
Published: May 2019

To avoid the negative effect of graphene oxide (GO) nanosheets aggregation in aqueous solutions on physicochemical properties of GO incorporated nanocomposite hydrogels, poly(vinyl alcohol)‐functionalized GO (GO‐es‐PVA) are synthesized and are used for preparation of nanocomposite hydrogels. By graft copolymerization of GO‐es‐PVA with poly(AA‐co‐AAm) chains, the nanocomposite hydrogel samples with covalently incorporated GO‐es‐PVA are achieved. FTIR spectroscopy, XRD analysis, and SEM and EDAX techniques confirm successful synthesis process. It is clear that GO‐es‐PVA content has significant effect on physicochemical properties of nanocomposite hydrogels, such as improvement of the water uptake properties, porosity, and gel strength. The hydrogel sample with 1:80 mass ratio of GO‐es‐PVA/AAm has the best physicochemical properties due to the optimum amount of GO‐es‐PVA, which gives the hydrogel proper viscoelasticity as well as fine porosity and water uptake rate. Interpenetration of PVA chains into the polymeric networks makes the movement of the polymer chains easier, which leads to softer polymeric networks. This phenomenon is called plasticizing effect. The plasticizing nature of PVA and its high hydrophilicity are the main reasons for the fine physicochemical properties. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2019, 136, 48025.
Vertical Clinging and Leaping Ahead: How Bamboo Has Shaped the Anatomy and Physiology of Hapalemur
Authors: Hemingway Holden W. , Burrows Anne M. , Omstead Kailey M. , Zohdy Sarah , Pastor Juan Francisco , Muchlinski Magdalena N.
Published: May 2019

Hapalemur sps. and Prolemur simus (bamboo lemurs, collectively) stand out from the relatively homogeneous lemurids because they are bamboo feeders and vertical clingers and leapers. This unique diet presents equally unique challenges, like its verticality, toughness, and toxicity. The bamboo lemurs share the generalized anatomy of the other lemurids, but also display some well‐documented skeletal adaptations, perhaps to overcome the problems presented by their specialization. Soft‐tissue adaptations, however, remain largely unexplored. Explored here are possible soft‐tissue adaptations in Hapalemur griseus. We compare H. griseus with other lemurids, Propithecus, Galago, Tarsier, and a tree shrew. Based on the available anatomical and physiological data, we hypothesize that Hapalemur and Prolemur species will have differences in hindlimb morphology when compared with other lemurids. We predict that H. griseus will have more hindlimb muscle mass and will amplify muscle mass differences with increased type II muscle fibers. Relative hindlimb muscle mass in H. griseus is less than other prosimians sampled, yet relative sural muscle mass is significantly heavier (P < 0.01) in H. griseus. Results show that the soleus muscle of H. griseus has a higher amount of type II (fast) fibers in plantarflexors. These findings indicate although H. griseus shares some generalized lemurid morphology, its diet of bamboo may have pushed this generalized lemurid to an anatomical extreme. We suspect additional bamboo‐specific adaptations in their anatomy and physiology will be uncovered with further examination into the anatomy of the bamboo lemurs. Anat Rec, 2019. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Anat Rec, 303:295–307, 2020. © 2019 American Association for Anatomy
An Efficient Analysis of Residual Famphur in Several Species of Honey Using Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry
Authors: Lee Seung‐Ho , Myung Seung‐Woon
Published: May 2019

Famphur is one of the pesticides used in bee‐farming and is a highly hazardous pesticide, as classified by the World Health Organization (WHO). In this study, a method analyzing the residual famphur in four kinds (acasia, wild, chestnut, and manuka) of honey was established, using gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC/MS) after effective sample preparation with solid‐phase extraction (SPE). Optimization of SPE parameters for sample pretreatment was performed by varying the pH of sample and the volume and type of the extraction solvent. Gas chromatographic separation was carried out using a DB‐35 MS column (30 m length × 0.20 mm i.d. × 0.33 μm film thickness). Based on the established sample preparation technique and GC/MS parameters, the limits of detection (LOD) and quantitation (LOQ) in fortified sample were 2 ng/g and 5 ng/g, respectively. The precision and accuracy within the calibration curves were 1.0–27.7 RSD % and 63.7–118.4%, respectively. The square of the correlation coefficients (r2) obtained from the concentration range (5–50 ng/g) of calibration curves for quantitative assay was 0.9883 to 0.9958. The established method was applied to the analysis of famphur in domestic and imported honey samples.
Glycoproteomics Method to Discover Reliable Biomarkers from Human Plasma of Lung Cancer Patients for MS‐based Clinical Studies
Authors: Lee Jinwook , Shin Jihoon , Jeong Miseon , Youn Min‐Gyu , Noh Joohyeong , Kang Junghoon , Cho Wonryeon
Published: May 2019

In clinical and diagnostic proteomics, it is important to discover significant biomarkers from biosamples. Thus, a reliable proteomics methodology is required for the development and standardization of an MS‐based protein identification and quantification method in biosamples. In particular, plasma is one of the most complex fluids in the human body and is commonly used in hospitals to diagnose disease. The purpose of this study was to develop a reliable and reproducible proteomics method using lung cancer plasma for biomarker discovery and diagnostic kits for screening. Glycoproteins are well‐known to be associated with diseases (especially cancers) so in this study glycoproteomics was used for discovering biomarkers from lung cancer plasma. Thirty‐five lung cancer plasma were pooled, and glycoproteins were separated using lectin affinity chromatography (LAC). After affinity selection, trypsin‐digestion, and deglycosylation with PNGase F, the resulting deglycosylated peptides were analyzed with nLC–MS/MS runs twice. The corresponding parent proteins were identified separately through two database search engines and then analyzed individually. The identified proteins from each set were compared, combined, and then categorized for analysis. The combined total identified number of proteins were about 50% increased than in a single run and some proteins seemed to be more reproducible and reliable biomarker candidates because they were always identified in every run. From this research, method‐optimized proteomics can be applied to biomarker discovery for diagnosis and prognosis of disease such as cancer for better MS‐based clinical studies. The identified plasma proteins from this research will also be lung cancer biomarker candidates and can be utilized for the development of in vitro lung cancer diagnostic kits.
Clinician testimony in suicide litigation: A cause to be uneasy
Authors: Simpson Skip , Reid William H.
Published: June 2019

This is an illustrative article rather than a research study. We offer opinions and recommendations about what we view as unfortunate clinician testimony in suicide‐related malpractice cases, testimony that – inadvertently or not – supports or encourages inadequate care of suicidal patients. The principles apply to both psychiatrists and non‐psychiatrists, although the former appear more often in our work. We particularly consider the roles and testimony, in court or at deposition, of psychiatrists, whether as defendants, expert witnesses, or fact witnesses. We cite examples of what we view as poor, disingenuous, dishonest and even dangerous testimony that we believe moves the profession toward unsafe patient care. The examples illustrate what we (and sometimes others) describe as normalization of deviance, pre‐suit puffery, self‐serving defendant testimony, expert pride supplanting testimonial responsibility, expert arrogance, expert parroting of attorney suggestions, witness ignorance and avoiding facts, unconscious expert bias, inexperience thwarting justice, misleading use of terms such as “predictability,” and expert witnesses who lack the direct‐care experience that jurisdictions often require in order to opine about defendant clinicians' day‐to‐day patient care. The examples often reveal concerns beyond the category chosen, and should not be expected to convey all of the facts of a particular case.
Design, Synthesis, and Cholinesterase Inhibition Assay of Coumarin‐3‐carboxamide‐N‐morpholine Hybrids as New Anti‐Alzheimer Agents
Authors: Tehrani Maliheh Barazandeh , Rezaei Zahra , Asadi Mehdi , Behnammanesh Hossein , Nadri Hamid , Afsharirad Fatemeh , Moradi Alireza , Larijani Bagher , Mohammadi‐Khanaposhtani Maryam , Mahdavi Mohammad
Published: June 2019

A new series of coumarin‐3‐carboxamide‐N‐morpholine hybrids 5a–5l was designed and synthesized as cholinesterases inhibitors. The synthetic approach for title compounds was started from the reaction between 2‐hydroxybenzaldehyde derivatives and Meldrum's acid to afford corresponding coumarin‐3‐carboxylic acids. Then, amidation of the latter compounds with 2‐morpholinoethylamine or N‐(3‐aminopropyl)morpholine led to the formation of the compounds 5a–5l. The in vitro inhibition screen against acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase (BuChE) revealed that most of the synthesized compounds had potent AChE inhibitory while their BuChE inhibitions are moderate to weak. Among them, propylmorpholine derivative 5g (N‐[3‐(morpholin‐4‐yl)propyl]‐2‐oxo‐2H‐chromene‐3‐carboxamide) bearing an unsubstituted coumarin moiety and ethylmorpholine derivative 5d (6‐bromo‐N‐[2‐(morpholin‐4‐yl)ethyl]‐2‐oxo‐2H‐chromene‐3‐carboxamide) bearing a 6‐bromocoumarin moiety showed the most activity against AChE and BuChE, respectively. The inhibitory activity of compound 5g against AChE was 1.78 times more than that of rivastigmine and anti‐BuChE activity of compound 5d is approximately same as rivastigmine. Kinetic and docking studies confirmed the dual binding site ability of compound 5g to inhibit AChE.