bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Seasonal Inter-comparison of Fine Particulate Matter (PM2.5) Over Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
Authors: Redi Tofikk
Published: December 2024

The seasonality of meteorology significantly influences the distribution of atmospheric pollution that have harmful effect on human, environment and economy. Similarly, Ethiopia has erratic seasons, this can impact air pollution. Thus, this study focused on intercomparison of PurpleAir PM2.5 measurement at Addis Ababa city. The existing data processed by R software. Accordingly, the finding show that, during the rainy season, PM2.5 levels exhibit a consistent pattern with concentrations peaking in the early night and reaching their lowest at midday. At Black Lion Hospital (BLH), peak concentrations extend to midday due to due to heavy traffic and cross-sectional jams to travel commercial areas. In contrast, during the semi-rainy and dry seasons, PM2.5 levels peak in the early morning and decrease by midday. Hourly variations in PM2.5 concentrations could be influenced by factors such as temperature inversion, wind, relative humidity, and solar intensity, alongside transportation and industrial activities. Analysis reveals that a significant proportion of the seasonal hourly mean trend during the rainy season, vary in between 30 µg/m3 to 50 µg/m3 of the hourly data while 15 µg/m3 to 40 µg/m3 of data in both the semi-rainy and dry seasons also surpass these guidelines. Despite the general reduction in pollution levels due to rain, the rainy season still contributes to elevated PM2.5 concentrations, posing substantial risks to human health, the environment, and development activities. The monthly mean pattern further highlights a peak in PM2.5 concentrations during the rainy season, underscoring the complex dynamics of air quality. This finding emphasizes the need for targeted strategies to manage pollution throughout the year. The finding suggest that, expand air quality monitoring, and reduce traffic emissions, strengthen industrial regulations and increase public awareness. It may relevance for air quality management strategies for local and regional governments.
Impact of Gastrointestinal Symptoms on in-Hospital Outcomes and Long-Term Sequelae in Hospitalized COVID-19 Patients: A Prospective Cohort Study
Authors: Sikder Uzzal , Aftab Hafeza , Roy Nikhil , Jalil Ansari , Barua Rita , Barua Sushanta
Published: December 2024

Background: Gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms have become increasingly recognized as a significant aspect of COVID-19. However, the long-term impact of GI symptoms on disease course, outcomes, and post-discharge sequelae remains poorly understood. This study aimed to investigate the disease course, outcomes, and long-term sequelae of hospitalized COVID-19 patients with and without GI symptoms. Methods: A prospective cohort study was conducted on 246 hospitalized COVID-19 patients at Dhaka Medical College Hospital. Participants were divided into two groups: 123 with GI symptoms and 123 without. Clinical outcomes during hospitalization and post-discharge follow-up were compared between the two groups. Results: Patients with GI symptoms demonstrated better in-hospital outcomes, including lower oxygen requirements and a higher frequency of complete recovery. However, rates of ICU admission, mechanical ventilation, and mortality were similar between both groups. Long-term follow-up revealed comparable rates of post-COVID-19 symptoms in both groups, with persistent symptoms being more common than new symptoms. Conclusion: Our study found that patients with GI symptoms had better in-hospital outcomes regarding oxygen requirements and complete recovery. However, long-term post-discharge sequelae were similar in both groups. These findings highlight the importance of ongoing research to better understand the long-term impact of COVID-19, including the potential role of GI symptoms in disease course and outcomes.
Rare Maternal Structural Mosaicism as a Familial Cause of 18p Deletion Syndrome: Cytogenetics Mechanisms and Phenotypic Variability
Authors: Montes Ana , Lima Ingrid , Fernandes Thais , Fonseca Carlos , Correia Patrícia , Andrade Cecilia , Junior Juan , Bastos Elenice
Published: December 2024

The chromosome 18p deletion (18p-) syndrome or monosomy of 18p is a rare chromosome abnormality, considered a contiguous gene deletion syndrome resulting from the deletion of a portion or most of the whole short arm of chromosome 18. Therefore, it can present a spectrum of phenotypes associated with different prognostic outcomes. Understanding the clinical variability of this condition is important once the fertility is preserved, impacting genetic counseling and reproductive outcomes. The aim of this article is to report a case of familial 18p deletion syndrome and its striking phenotypic variability within the same family. A male stillborn presenting alobar holoprosencephaly and his mother who presented with a single central incisor came to our attention for genetic investigation. Karyotype analysis and Fluorescent In Situ Hybridization (FISH) from a cordocentesis blood sample of the male stillborn was performed. Parents’ cytogenetic analyses were obtained through peripheral blood cultures. Chromosomes were analyzed after GTG banding. FISH technique was carried out on both the proband's and maternal samples using WCP18 (whole chromosome 18) specific probes, according to the manufacturer's protocols. The stillborn karyotype and FISH analysis revealed a deletion characterized by 46, XY del(18)(p11.1→pter).ish del(18)(p11.1→pter)(wcp18-). His mother showed the same deletion in 45% of the analyzed cells revealing a rare structural mosaicism. The striking phenotypic variability encountered in this family could be attributed to a genetic combination of the deleted segment in the proband; and the presence of a mosaic normal karyotype may very well attenuate the mother’s phenotypic presentation. The origin of an abnormally structural chromosome in mosaic possibly originated from a post-zygotic cell division event during the embryonic development of the mother. The consequences on the family offsprings of such rare cytogenetic event impacts greatly the family genetic counseling
Polymorphisms rs7041 (c.1296T>G) and rs4588 (c.1307C>A) and Distribution of Gc Variants in a Population of Hemodialysis Patients in Abidjan
Authors: Koné-Dakouri Yékayo , Yao-Yapo Carine , Yayo Eric , Kouacou Kadio , Koné-Koné Fatoumata , Edjème-Aké Angèle , Kacou-N'Douba Adèle , Hauhouot-Attoungbré Marie , Monnet Dagui
Published: December 2024

Background: Vitamin D deficiency is associated with chronic kidney disease (CKD). Renal failure patients are routinely supplemented with vitamin D to compensate for this deficiency. The response to vitamin D supplementation can vary according to variants in the Gc (Vitamin D-binding protein) gene. The combination of two single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), rs7041 (c.1296T>G) and rs4588 (c.1307C>A), in the Gc gene forms three variants, namely Gc1f (c.1296 T, c.1307C), Gc1s (c.1296G, c.1307C), Gc2 (c.1296T, c.1307A), which result in six vitamin D-binding protein (DBP) phenotypes. Significant variations in variant frequency are reported in different populations. Objectif: The aim of our study was to determine the distribution of Gc genotypes and variants in a population of haemodialysis patients. Methods and Results: Genomic DNA from forty-eight blacks Africans adults with CKD were extracted from whole blood samples. The DNA region spanning the two SNPs of interest was amplified by PCR. The amplified DNA was subjected to the action of restriction enzymes, StyI and HaeIII in two different reactions. Genotyping was performed by analysis of the length of restriction fragments by 2.5% agarose gel electrophoresis. The mean age of the study population was 42±12 years, with a sex ratio of 1.6. The C/C genotype of rs4588 (c.1307C>A) was the most frequent, followed by the T/T genotype (90.6%) of rs7041 (c.1296T>G). Three DBP phenotypes, Gc1f-1f (c.1296T, c.1307C/p.432Asp, p.436Thr): 89.6 %, Gc1s-1s (c.1296 G, c.1307C/p.432Glu, p.436Thr): 8.3 %, and Gc1f/Gc1s: 2,1% were identified. Conclusion: Finally, the Gc1f variant was the most frequent. Our results suggest the need for vitamin D testing to establish the correlation between the observed Gc genotypes/variants and vitamin D status in the study population.
Correlation and Path Coefficient Analysis for Agronomical Traits of Sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench] Genotypes Under Drought Stress Area
Authors: Tiliye Ambesu , Alemayehu Shimelis
Published: December 2024

Ethiopia is the center of origin and domestication for sorghum with a wide range of collections from various agro-ecologies. However, there are many factors that hinder the production and productivity of sorghum. Drought is one of the most important factors that affect crop production worldwide and continues to be a challenge to plant breeders, despite many decades of research. The association of traits that may exist between or among sorghum characters is essential for breeders. Therefore, the present study is aimed to analyze and determine the traits having greater association with yield utilizing the correlation and path analysis for different traits of lowland Ethiopian sorghum genotypes. Therefore, the field experiment was conducted at Miesso to estimate the association of traits, and determine their direct and indirect effects on grain yield. The area represents dry lowlands where sorghum is predominantly grown by smallholder farmers. A set of 72 sorghum genotypes advanced from a pedigree breeding approach was used in this study. The experiment was laid out using Row-Column design with two replications during 2021 main cropping season. R statistical software was used to analyze the data. The analysis of variance indicated that there were significant variations among the tested genotypes for the studied traits. Grain yield had positive and highly significant correlation with panicle weight, panicle yield, stand count and grain filling rate at both genotypic and phenotypic levels. Grain yield had also negative and highly significantly correlation with days to flowering at both genotypic and phenotypic level and days to maturity at genotypic level. Path coefficient analysis indicated that grain filling rate exerted the highest positive direct effect on grain yield at both genotypic and phenotypic levels.
Retrospective Investigation of Prevalence and Trends of STDs in Public Health Facilities in the Tigray Regional State, Ethiopia from July 2019-June 2020
Authors: Gebremedhin Mulugeta , Teka Ataklti , Gebrehiwot Gebrecherkos , Zelalem Mesfin , Kahsay Girmay
Published: December 2024

There is a significant and rising occurrence of major treatable sexually transmitted infections (STIs) in sub Saharan Africa, particularly in Ethiopia. The engagement of teenagers in sexual activities without parental oversight continues to pose a public health threat. This study seeks to evaluate the prevalence and trends of significant treatable STIs within our region. Methods: 3,500 patients with STI symptoms who were seen in all medical facilities between July 2019 and June 2020 were included in a retrospective cross-sectional study with descriptive statistics analysis to compare prevalence and trend measures by age group, sex, and month. Tables and bar graphs were used to present the results. Result: The data indicated a higher prevalence of STIs among males compared to females. The sexually active adult population exhibited a notable incidence of sexually transmitted diseases, with 52.7% of cases being male and 47.3% female. The specific STIs identified included genital candidiasis at 18.3%, hepatitis B at 16.9%, gonorrhea at 16.3%, hepatitis C at 13.6%, syphilis at 11.8%, genital herpes at 8.8%, genital warts at 7.5%, and Chlamydia at 6.8%. The incidence of syphilis showed an increase from 2.2% to 4.2% in 2020, while the trends for other STIs were more variable. Conclusion: Sexually transmitted diseases predominantly impact adults, with prevalence rates differing by gender and age group, and exhibiting a non-linear trend across most age categories. These findings offer essential insights into the epidemiological landscape of the country, suggesting the need for future prevention strategies that target adults at the highest risk for sexually transmitted infections.
Metamodern Subject: Towards Metaxy and Fragmentation
Authors: Oublal Ali , Brahim Houban
Published: December 2024

The very last quarter of the century is characterised by a large-scale and deep-seated changes which distinguish it from the postmodern epoch. This is in part due to globalisation that has remolded the economic, social and cultural space. Those unprecedented alterations manifest themselves in all areas of human life as the key features of the contemporary cultural landscape. One of its mains, which must not be treated with eyes wide shut, is the reemerged subject that should be taken neither as the old modern nor the postmodern one as it encompasses no transcendental explanations. Concepts like identity, selfhood and subjectivity might continuously be dismantled and deconstructed.The fact that the theme of identity is engaged as an episteme to delineate metamodernist novelists’ conceptions can seem as if snappishly chosen, yet this is not the case. The question comes as follows: why exactly the theme of identity is singled out among others, particularly in metamodernist literature? The thematic should be considered within the historical context of metamodernism, which is not by chance coincided with the twenty-first century transformations. Identity has been one of the debatable issues among scholars from different disciplines since antiquity; it has never been cartelised by a certain discipline or field. However, more than ever before, new-fangled technologies at the turn of the twenty century have made identity a pinnacle compared to other themes. The first-time changes, which have resulted from the rise of technologies, and new forms of communication, have overlapped with the new sensitivity of 'metamodernism. As long as the centrality of language in literary works and linguistics as the study of language has the authority to study literature, the paper adopted linguistic analysis, notably stylistics. By virtue of the latter, it is argued that literary writers, namely metamodernist novelists have contributed to such an exchange over identity. Through a microscopic analysis of forms, functions, and meanings of literary language in a systematic way, it is asserted that the influx, hence, of values, morals, behaviours, and the multiple, fragmented and oscillating self is unequivocally exhibited in the metamodernist novels.
Compositional and Semantic Meaning of Non-Equivalent Vocabulary in a Poetic Text (Original and Translation)
Authors: Tupytsya Oleksandr
Published: December 2024

The article addresses the theoretical and practical issues related to the translation of non-equivalent vocabulary (NV) in poetic texts, focusing on its compositional and semantic role in the original and translated versions. Non-equivalent vocabulary often appears in the strong positions (SP) of a text, such as titles, rhyme elements, and key metaphors, which are critical for maintaining the semantic integrity and artistic essence of the work. The presence of NV in these positions creates a unique challenge for translators, as the loss or replacement of such vocabulary can lead to significant semantic distortions, affecting the stylistic unity and cultural flavor of the text. By examining examples from German poetry by Heinrich Heine, Johann Wolfgang von Goethe, and Rainer Maria Rilke, as well as their Ukrainian translations, this paper highlights the diverse strategies used by translators to recreate NV in a target language context. The study also explores the theoretical approaches of renowned scholars shedding light on the impact of NV on the semantic structure and ethno-linguistic worldview conveyed through poetic texts. The aim is to analyze how NV functions as a strong position in poetic discourse, influencing the overall compositional hierarchy and meaning of the text. The research concludes that the transmission of NV in poetic translation requires a careful balance between preserving the original’s national identity and adapting it to the stylistic and cultural norms of the target language. The study underscores that inadequately rendered NV can disrupt the semantic unity of a poem, thereby altering its cultural context and reader reception.
Serial Verbs Constructions as Double-headed Syntactic Structures: Evidence from Igbo
Authors: Ji Jing
Published: December 2024

Although serial verb constructions (SVCs) are widely observed across languages, there is ongoing debate regarding their syntactic representation, particularly in cases involving shared arguments. Two prominent approaches to SVCs with argument sharing are the double-headed structure proposed by Baker (1989) and the control structure suggested by Collins (1997). This paper presents novel data from Igbo to evaluate these differing approaches. First, we disentangle the confound between covert coordination and SVCs through syntactic and semantic tests, demonstrating that SVCs do exist in Igbo. We then conduct a comprehensive comparison between SVCs and corresponding verb-verb (V-V) compounds. The absence of a systematic derivational relationship between SVCs and V-V compounds raises doubts about the verb incorporation mechanism posited by Collins. Furthermore, the lack of resultative SVCs in Igbo challenges the existence of an empty category, further undermining the control structure for SVCs. In contrast, we illustrate that the endocentric property of Igbo SVCs aligns naturally with Baker's double-headed syntactic structure. Building on this, we propose a double-headed structure for SVCs in Igbo, both with and without shared arguments. Our findings thus provide a novel argument for a permissible structure of SVCs with argument sharing and for the availability of double-headedness in Universal Grammar.
Constitutional and Legal Provisions Related to Reservation Policies for Village Panchayat Elections in Maharashtra
Authors: Kendre Dnyaneshwar
Published: December 2024

This paper examines the legal framework governing reservation policies in village panchayat elections within Maharashtra. The basis of these policies is enshrined in Article 243D of the Indian Constitution, which mandates that reservations be provided for Scheduled Castes (SCs) and Scheduled Tribes (STs) in proportion to their population within the panchayat area. This article also stipulates that at least one-third of all seats, including those reserved for SCs and STs, must be allocated for women. Furthermore, reserved seats must be rotated among different electoral wards to ensure broader participation, and the reservations for SCs and STs are subject to a time limit as specified in Article 334, which is currently set at 80 years. Additionally, state legislatures have the discretion to enact laws providing further reservations for "Other Backward Classes" (OBCs). In alignment with these constitutional principles, Maharashtra's Village Panchayat Act, 1959, extends the reservation policies by mandating a 27% reservation for OBCs on top of the existing SC/ST reservations. The state law also enhances women's representation by requiring a 50% reservation for women across all castes, surpassing the constitutional minimum. Candidates contesting reserved seats are required to produce caste validity certificates within six months of the election to avoid disqualification. The 73rd Constitutional Amendment was designed to bolster participation and leadership from marginalized communities in local governance, and the Supreme Court has affirmed the importance of these reservation policies in promoting political empowerment and democratic decentralization. Despite these advancements, several challenges persist. The stringent requirement for obtaining caste validity certificates within a limited timeframe can create barriers for candidates. Additionally, there is a risk of misuse if the reservation system is not properly implemented or monitored, potentially allowing individuals who do not genuinely belong to reserved categories to exploit the provisions.
Challenges and Opportunities of Tractor Adoption by Smallholder Farmers in Gambella Region, Ethiopia
Authors: Bor Chuol , Deng Kher
Published: December 2024

Tractor adoption by smallholder farmers in the Gambella region is essential for increasing agricultural productivity, improving food security, and promoting sustainable livelihoods. The sampling methods employed included purposive sampling to select kebelles and a lottery method for sample respondents. Primary data were collected through surveys, questionnaires, in-depth interviews, focus groups, and field observations, while secondary data were obtained from government statistics, academic publications, non-governmental organization reports, market information, and historical records. Data analysis utilized descriptive statistics, such as frequencies and percentages. Regarding opportunities for tractor adoption, the study found that 9% of smallholder farmers used tractors to improve soil health, 20% to reduce labor costs, and 16% to enhance market access, 7% to reduce post-harvest losses, and 48% to increase productivity. Conversely, the study identified major constraints, with 27% citing high initial investment, 40% noting lack of credit access, 18% reporting limited technical expertise, and 15% indicating inadequate infrastructure as barriers to tractor adoption. To maximize adoption opportunities, government agencies and private companies should offer financial incentives and loans to support farmers’ tractor investments. Additionally, to address these adoption challenges, government, local, and non-governmental organizations should provide subsidies, low-interest loans, and technical training programs to enable smallholder farmers to purchase or rent tractors, thus enhancing access to mechanized services and improving agricultural productivity and efficiency.
Phytonutrients in Breast Milk and Their Association with Maternal Dietary Intake: A Longitudinal Study in Adjamé
Authors: Ble Matogoma , Aka Francis , Koumi Dorothée , Alexandre N’Bra , Bonouma Joel , Thodekes Yao
Published: December 2024

Carotenoids and flavonoids are essential nutrients for infant development. As for today, there is limited data on their availability in breast milk and the associated dietary factors, particularly in Côte d’Ivoire, where the diet of breastfeeding women is largely composed of cooked meals. The primary objective of this study was to determine the levels of carotenoids and flavonoids in breast milk using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) during two lactation periods in Ivorian women who consumed two different diets. Mature breast milk samples were collected from healthy breastfeeding women on the 45th and 105th postpartum days. The mothers’ dietary frequencies were obtained using a questionnaire. A final sample of 60 breastfeeding women was selected. Two predominant basic diets were identified: cooked rice with palm nut sauce (R-SG) and attiéké with fried fish in refined palm oil accompanied by a paste of cooked vegetables (onion-red chili-fresh tomato) (A-PF). An overall increase in flavonoid levels was observed in all women’s milk on the 105th postpartum day, in contrast to carotenoid levels, where only the β-carotene content increased on the 105th day in the milk of women who consumed the R-SG diet (from 1.82 ± 0.30 µg/L to 2.13 ± 0.6 µg/L). The quercetin content in the milk of women on the A-PF diet (from 10.8 ± 1.6 µg/L to 19.98 ± 3.6 µg/L) significantly increased (p<0.05) compared to other flavonoids. Based on our results, consumption of cooked rice with palm nut sauce and attiéké with fried fish in refined palm oil accompanied by cooked vegetable sauce (onion-red chili-fresh tomato) increases the concentrations of quercetin, kaempferol, and epicatechin in milk. These findings can serve as dietary guidelines for breastfeeding mothers to improve β-carotene and flavonoid levels in breast milk, thus promoting infant growth and development.
Evaluation of Land Surface Management on Moisture Conservation, Yield and Yield Components of Maize (Zea Mays L.) in East Shewa Zone of Oromia, Ethiopia
Authors: Jelde Ayub , Husen Dulo , Ambomsa Ambese , Shelemew Zelelam
Published: December 2024

Maize is an important food crop in Ethiopia and it is one of the main smallholder food crops in the rift valley of Oromia, although shortage of rainfall and erratic occurrence was caused soil moisture content stressed yields reduced. Suitable soil and water conservation measures that can be easily integrated into the existing farming operations while enhancing in-situ moisture conservation. The study was conducted on land surface management to increase soil moisture content, amend soil nutrients and enhance yield and yield components of maize. The experiment was conducted during the 2021 and 2022 main cropping seasons at Adami Tulu Agricultural Research Center on-station using RCBD that had five tested treatments. Maize variety Melkasa-II was used as a testing crop for its familiar to local communities. The results indicated that soil moisture content was enhanced by 5.8% to 26.4% in maturity and vegetative stages up to 60 cm depths. Soil physico-chemical properties were improved and the highest grain yield was obtained from 5 tha-1 (SM+FYM) plus NPS fertilizer and 5 tha-1 of straw mulch plus inorganic fertilizers treatments that increased by three to four fold of the organic fertilizer applied and control treatments orderly. This result implies that retaining crop straw mulch and application of farmyard manure in the field within profitable cost can be used as soil moisture conservation tool for sustainable improvement of maize production in the study area.
Psychological Impact of War on Medical Students at Alzaeim Alazhari University, Khartoum/ Sudan 2024
Authors: Abdelgadir Hiba , Mohamed Leena , Babiker Lina , Ahmed Leena , Abdelgadir Hind , Ahmed Mosab
Published: December 2024

Introduction: Sudan war was started in April 2023, resulted in displacement of more than 10 million people and negatively impacted the psychological status of Sudanese population. This study aimed to determine the effect of war on the psychological status of Alzaeim Alazhari university (AAU) medical students. Methodology: Descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted on a purposive convenience sample of 201 medical students. DASS 21 score was used to measure depression, anxiety, and stress disorders among medical students. Frequency tables, Chi-squared (χ2) tests and binary logistic regression analysis were used to identify the determinants of depression, anxiety and stress among medical students surveyed. All statistical tests were considered significant when p-value< 0.05. Results: More than half of the participants (56.7%) were females, aged 24 years or older (53.2%). Regarding the places to which participants were displaced due to the war, out of 181 participants (49.7%) reported that they were displaced to other cities in Sudan, while the remaining (50.3%) were displaced outside the country. Based on DASS-21 score, significant prevalence of depression (67.6%), anxiety (58.2%), and stress (53.2%) were identified among the participants. Gender (p value=0.001) and place of displacement (p value=0.007) were found to be strong determinants of depression. Females were 11.2 times more likely to exhibit depression, 14.4 times to suffer from anxiety and 12.9 times to have stress than males. Displacement outside Sudan affects the probability of developing depression by 7.3 times and stress by 4.7 times. Displacement to another city in Sudan found to affect the probability of exposure to stress by 4.3 times, Conclusion: War and displacement resulted in a high prevalence of depression, anxiety and stress among medical students. Females were more likely to experience depression and anxiety. Displacement and effects on the economic status play an important role in the deterioration of the psychological status. Efforts must be directed to decrease the burden of war on the medical students including psychological and financial support. Updated medical schools’ curricula in Sudan as a coping strategy to suit the new situation after war are recommended.
Physicochemical Characterization and Production of Biodiesel from Cottonseed Oil and Waste Cooking Oil
Authors: Tilinti Birhanu , Tura Alemu , Tsegaye Kasahun , Desta Etalema , Jihad Hawi
Published: December 2024

Biodiesel is an eco-friendly, alternative diesel fuel prepared from domestic renewable resources i.e. mainly produced from vegetable oils and animal fats. It is a renewable energy source that appears to be the perfect answer to the world's energy needs, especially those of Ethiopia. The aim of present study was to evaluate the physicochemical characterization and production of biodiesel from cottonseed oil and waste cooking oil. Transesterification of edible and non-edible oil with methanol in the presence of strong acid or base catalysts is the standard process for creating biodiesel. The percent yield of cottonseed crude oil was found to be 62.98 % upon the extraction from the cotton seeds. After food residues and sediments were removed using chemical coagulation with 2% Al2SO4 as a coagulating agent and gravitational sedimentation, approximately 90.24 percent of the oil was recovered. The physicochemical parameters of oils and its biodiesel were performed and the experimental results such as moisture content (0.32% and 0.27%), specific gravity (0.86-0.9258), viscosity (4.1-65mm2/sec), saponification value (56.1-182.3 mg/g), Iodine value (51.74-120.53 mgI2/g), Acid value (0.30-0.50 mg/g), free fatty acid content ¬¬¬(0.23-1.9%), cetane number (74.6-137.56) and higher heat values (40.87-48.94 MJ/kg) are good agreement with ASTM standards. In conclusion, the result of recent study confirmed that the cottonseed oil and waste cooking oil derived biodiesel is an alternative renewable biofuel for petro-diesel with an eco-friendly.
Solution to the Breach of the Dike of Keur Bara KAIRE, Located in the Commune of Notto Diobasse in the Department of Thiès, Senegal
Authors: Camara Ndiouga , Niane Birane , Tamba Séni
Published: December 2024

This article studies the rupture of the Keur Bara KAIRE dike, located in the commune of Notto Diobasse in the department of Thiès in Senegal. The village is crossed by a stream which collects rainwater from the west to the east, following a natural slope. The overflow of this stream causes serious flooding, leading to the total cutting of the road and the isolation of the population. These floods had tragic consequences, resulting in two losses of human life. To regulate the water level, prevent flooding and protect agricultural and urban areas from overflows, the Senegalese authorities initiated the project to build the Keur Bara KAIRE dike in 2004, unfortunately the latter gave way in 2017. The geotechnical analysis was carried out on samples taken from various points on the site, revealing that the terrain is mainly composed of fine sand and the embankment is made with clayey sand. Morphometric and hydrological investigations highlight that the watershed of the Keur Bara KAIRE dike covers an area of 3.72 km², with a projected flow of 54.99 m³/s. The resizing of the dike revealed the following data: a length of 132 meters and a height of 3 meters. The spillway is 52.99 meters long with a reservoir height of 1.22 meters. The bay walls have a thickness of 50 cm and the embankments have a slope of ½ upstream and downstream. The stability calculation on the broken dike reveals a sliding safety factor (FSG) of 1.84 which complies with the standard and an overturning safety factor (FSR) of 0.13 which is not verified. The surface of the watershed which is equal to 3.72 km², also the smallest height of precipitation is equal to 234.9 mm and the largest 664.4 mm, the ORSTOM and CIEH methods for hydraulic calculations.
The Impact of Credit Risk Management on Financial Performance of Commercial Banks in Ethiopia
Authors: Legass Habtamu , Roba Hussen
Published: December 2024

This study delves into the intricate relationship between credit risk management strategies and the financial performance of commercial banks in Ethiopia. By analyzing data from 14 banks over a span of 13 years (2011-2023) using correlation and regression analyses in E-Views 12 software, the research sheds light on the impact of key indicators such as credit interest income ratio, loan to total deposit ratio, and loan to total asset ratio on financial outcomes. The findings reveal that while certain metrics positively influence financial performance, such as credit interest income and loan ratios, the presence of nonperforming loans exerts a negative impact on bank profitability, emphasizing the critical need for effective management of credit risks to ensure sustained financial health. In light of these results, it is recommended that Ethiopian commercial banks prioritize the enhancement of credit risk management practices, with a specific focus on strategies to address nonperforming loans. Strengthening credit analysis frameworks and refining loan administration processes are crucial steps towards safeguarding profitability and bolstering long-term stability within the banking sector. Policymakers and industry stakeholders are encouraged to collaborate in developing and implementing robust risk management frameworks that not only protect the financial viability of commercial banks but also contribute to the resilience and growth of the broader financial landscape in Ethiopia.
Optimisation of the “attiéké” Fermentation Process: Evaluation of the Efficiency of Various Starter Ferments
Authors: Thierry Akely , Kouakoua Yapi , Abouo N’Guessan , Coulibaly Aïssatou , Amani N’Guessan
Published: December 2024

Standardising the production of “attiéké”, Côte d'Ivoire's traditional food requires optimisation of the fermentation process, which is essential to ensure the microbiological and organoleptic quality of the product. The overall aim is to standardise the production of “attiéké” by controlling the fermentation process through the use of starter ferments. This study compared the “attiéké” produced with various starter ferments (A, B, C, D, E, F) with a reference sample from Dabou. The effectiveness of the starters was assessed by measuring microbial loads (lactic acid bacteria, Bacillus, yeasts, moulds), analysing physicochemical parameters (pH, sugars, ethanol, and organic acids), and sensory evaluation of organoleptic characteristics. The results of the statistical tests (ANOVA and PCA) showed that “attiéké” from the starter F, containing strains of L. fermentum, W. confusa and Bacillus and Candidas, is closest to the reference sample. With 1.83± 0.01 log10 cfu/g of Bacillus, 1 ± 0.01 log10 cfu/g of lactic bacteria, a pH of 4.56 ± 0.01 and glucose concentrations of glucose (7.4 ± 0.02 g/L), lactic acid (4.33 ± 0.01 g/L) and acetic acid (1.36 ± 0.01 g/L), starter F was particularly effective. Sensory analyses also indicate that the “attiéké” made with this starter has appreciated organoleptic characteristics, such as yellow colour, shiny grains, less stickiness, and detachment. These results show that the use of specific starters can improve the quality, consistency, and organoleptic attributes of the quality, consistency, and organoleptic attributes of “attiéké” production, while respecting the environment.
Study of Relationship Between Food Habits and the Occurrence of Constipation Among Students in Ivory Coast
Authors: N’Guessan Anon , Aka Francis , Yeboue Kouame , Ake-Tano Purifine , Yapi Ahoua
Published: December 2024

The work of Amoikon et al. (2016) showed a high prevalence of constipation and dietary deviations in a student population in Ivory coast. In order to seek a probable relationship between dietary factors and this health problem, a study was carried out at the Felix Houphouët-Boigny University of Ivory Coast. It took place from October 15, 2016 to February 17, 2017 in a population of 1228 students, with an average age of 22.5 years, dominated by males. This is a prospective cross-sectional study, with a descriptive and analytical aim, with the main objective of studying the relationship between eating habits and the appearance of constipation among students. After analysing the relationship between their eating habits and the occurrence of constipation, it was blamed, on the one hand, the high consumption of certain foods such as red meat, carbonated drinks, sugary foods, foods containing eggs or milk and on the other hand a low consumption of water, fruits and vegetables. In view of these results we can conclude that certain inadequate dietary behaviors are responsible for constipation in students’ population and could have repercussions on their success rate in our universities. To this end, it would be important to organize nutritional awareness campaigns throughout the country and to educate students with a view to improve their eating habits and their health conditions.
Cyclopia Associated with Microcephaly, Hydrocephaly and Clubfoot: A Case Report from Burkina Faso, West Africa
Authors: Dieudonne Lompo , Sibraogo Kiemtore , Solo Traore , Zakaria Sawadogo , Mahamoudou Ouedraogo , Blami Dao
Published: December 2024

Cyclopia is the most severe form of alobar holoprosencephaly, characterized by the fusion of the two orbits into one. It is a genetic disease incompatible with life. It is most often associated with other craniofacial malformations such as microcephaly, cleft lip and palate, nasal agenesis and facial dysmorphia. The incidence of cyclopia varies from 1/13,000 to 1/20,000 births, and the etiology of this malformation has yet to be elucidated. These include genetic factors, multiparity, female gender, unexplained miscarriage, gestational diabetes, infections during pregnancy, UV radiation, smoking and alcohol consumption. It is probably less diagnosed in developing countries, where pregnancies are not normally monitored, and antenatal ultrasound is less common. We report the case of a 22-year-old pregnant woman, third gesture and two pares with two live children. She came on her own for a third-trimester ultrasound. She had a spontaneous pregnancy. She reported no previous history of a spontaneous pregnancy. Morphological ultrasound revealed cyclopia associated with microcephaly and hydrocephaly. We obtained informed consent from the couple. The patient exploded with a female fetus weighing 700 g, her cranial perimeter at 18 cm and thoracic perimeter at 34 cm. A clubfoot was noted on expulsion of the fetus, which is a particular feature of our case.
Proportion of Low Birth Weight (LBW) Among Newborn Babies Delivered at Dhaka Medical College Hospital
Authors: Jalil Rukshana , Munira Sirajam , Sultana Sharmeen , Sarker Bithi , Salma Most.
Published: December 2024

Background: Low birth weight (LBW) remains a major public health problem especially in developing countries like Bangladesh. We assessed the proportion of LBW of the newborn babies delivered at DMCH and its associated maternal factors. Methodology: This cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted among 57 mother and newborn pairs delivered at Postnatal obstetrics wards of Dhaka Medical College Hospital (DMCH), Dhaka. Data was collected from each participants by face to-face interview using a semi-structured pre-tested questionnaire which included socio-demographic information and information about birth weight and its associated maternal factors. Result: This study involved 257 participants with a mean age of 25 years (±4.26), primarily aged 21 to 30 (64.97%). Approximately 38.13% had a monthly family income below 15,000 taka, and 10.98% of mothers were illiterate. One-third received 2 to 4 antenatal visits, with 8.56% having none. Delivery methods were nearly equal, with 49.02% vaginal and 50.97% cesarean. Common complications included PROM (14.39%), pre-term labor (11.67%), and GDM (10.89%). Term pregnancies accounted for 70%, while among preterm births, 20.23% were low birth weight (LBW) and 4.67% very low birth weight (VLBW), surpassing general population rates. Conclusion: Lack of regular antenatal care (ANC) visits and poor maternal diet significantly impact newborn birth weight. To reduce low birth weight (LBW), it is essential to monitor maternal diets and ensure at least four ANC visits for all mothers. LBW infants are at higher risk of mortality and chronic diseases, making its reduction vital for achieving Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) on infant mortality. Further multi-center studies are needed to accurately assess LBW prevalence in Bangladesh.
Practices and Knowledge of Smallholder Farmers Towards Safe Pesticide Management in East Gojjam Zone, Northwest Ethiopia
Authors: Adamu Abebaw , Assaye Anduamlak
Published: December 2024

In recent years, safe pesticide management has become increasingly important. Thus the research was aimed to evaluate the current state of pesticide management practices and farmers knowledge. The study deployed a multistage sampling technique to select participant districts and the respondents. About 268 sample respondents were drawn from six districts of East Gojjam zone. The results revealed that the majority of the farmers (69.45%) store their pesticides in their houses that they perceive anybody can’t be reached. Farmers were found to have poor practices of using face masks, overalls, goggles, and gloves. Farmers frequently engaged in good practices of washing and calibrating spraying machines. Around 57.22%, 41.9%, and 38.9% of farmers visit their freshly sprayed fields within 24 hours of spraying insecticides, herbicides, and fungicides, respectively without using personal protective equipment. Farmers demonstrated proficiency in several hygienic practices including taking a bath, changing clothes, and washing cloths immediately after spraying. Participant farmers experienced various health symptoms after spraying pesticides. The majority of the farmers were cognizant on exposure routs of pesticides. However, they didn't understand the intended pictogram messages from pesticide containers. The study demonstrated that improper pesticide management had an impact on both the environment and farmers' health. Thus, there is a need to improve farmers' knowledge and skills by offering regular awareness-raising training on safe pesticide management techniques.
Contributing to Organizational Performance Through Digital Human Resource Management
Authors: González Libán , García Yamilet , González Lilibet
Published: December 2024

Organizations have embraced digitalization as a way of optimizing their processes, specially the one related to human resource management since it helps ensuring organizations remain effective and competitive. In the Cuban context, digitalization is conceived within the National Development Plan until 2030 and the Comprehensive Policy for the Improvement of the Informatization of Society in Cuba facilitating its rapid dissemination and adoption in different sectors. However, little attention has been paid to subject of digital Human Resource Management (HRM) in Cuban institutions. This article aims at providing scientific evidence concerning the implementation of digital HRM in a Cuban institution, specifically at Universidad Central “Marta Abreu” de Las Villas. In order to conduct the study, it was necessary to divide it into two parts: one related to the identification of the theoretical and methodological foundations concerning the digitalization of HRM worldwide and within the Cuban context and the second part was devoted to the software development process. In both cases methods such as literature review, historical-logical, analysis and synthesis, participant observation and interviews were applied. As a result, the software P.R.O.G.R.E.S.S was developed, successfully validated by the Human Resources Directorate personnel who highlighted its contributions to the university´s organizational performance since it helps fostering a culture of mentorship by pairing less experienced instructors with seasoned faculty members; creating initiative programs for faculties that excel in teaching, research or community engagement; and facilitating benchmarking against institutions by providing comprehensive reports on faculty achievements. Some suggestions are given for further research.
Correlation and Path Analysis of Seed Yield and Yield Components in Some Sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) Genotypes
Authors: Bekele Askalech
Published: December 2024

Due to hereditary causes of correlations through pleiotropic action or developmental interactions of genes, associations of traits are crucial in breeding and genetic studies. These associations also yield trustworthy information about the type, degree, and directions of selection. The experiment was conducted in 8 x 8 simple lattice design during the 2021 main cropping season at Assosa Agricultural Research Center, western Ethiopia to determine the interrelationship among the traits and know the direct and indirect effects on the yield of 64 sesame genotypes based on 15 quantitative traits. For the majority of the traits under study, the results indicated a large variation in genotypes. This suggests that there is enough variation among various genotypes for the majority of the significant traits. Except for internode length and capsule length, the correlation result showed that seed yield had highly significant positive correlations with 12 quantitative traits and negative correlations with the bacterial blight disease severity. The number of capsules per plant, days to maturity, and seeds per plant all revealed a strong direct impact on seed yield. These traits also had indirect or direct effects on oil content, so increasing seed yield also increased oil content through those traits.
Ecological Consequences of Invasive Weeds: Zimbabwean Experience: A Review
Authors: Zivanayi Musabayana , Ronald Mandumbu , Nyamande Mapope
Published: December 2024

Invasive weeds may be defined as troublesome or unsightly plants growing in abundance in both upland and aquatic situations where they are not wanted. The establishment of invasive species cause elevated destruction of waterways, disrupted fire regimes, and the loss of biodiversity in many natural and agrarian ecosystems. Tithonia diversifolia is one of the largest, aggressive colonizers especially in sun-exposed abandoned sites. The impact of this weed result in economic loss through controlling and abandonment of agrarian land. The menace of Tithonia diversifolia is reaching alarming proportions in many parts of the world, especially in Zimbabwe where they have led to serious ecological and economic losses. Invasion of both upland and aquatic ecosystem by weeds, has undergone serious ecological changes including over-exploitation of its natural resources and land degradation of both agrarian and natural ecosystem, and invasion by Tithonia diversifolia among others. Tithonia diversifolia The presence of the invasive weed was viewed as a universal threat to crop farming and ranching enterprises because invasive weeds alter forage quantity or quality for livestock and therefore reduce net revenue. The invasive nature of T diversifolia, its ability to produce a large biomass and possession of an extensive root system has made it a good candidate for remediation of polluted environments. This invasive weed has been implicated in allelopathy as it produces a myriad of phytochemicals such as alkaloids, flavonoids, phenols, saponins, tannins and terpenoids there by creating its novel niche. Tithonia diversifolia after Invasive weeds have the potential for exploitation animal feed, human food, soil additives, fuel production, wastewater treatment, source of raw materials and habitat to many organisms. This paper reviews the ecological consequences of invasive weeds with examples from some selected fields and special reference to Tithonia diversifolia.