bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Loop amplitudes monodromy relations and color-kinematics duality
Authors: Casali Eduardo , Mizera Sebastian , Tourkine Piotr
Published: March 2021

Abstract

Color-kinematics duality is a remarkable conjectured property of gauge theory which, together with double copy, is at the heart of a wealth of new developments in scattering amplitudes. So far, its validity has been verified in most cases only empirically, with limited ab initio understanding beyond tree-level. In this paper we provide initial steps in a first-principle understanding of color-kinematics duality and double-copy at loop level, through a detailed analysis of the field-theory limit of the monodromy relations of string theory at one loop. In this limit, we dissect the type of Feynman graphs generated and the relations they obey. We find that graphs with contact-terms are unavoidable and are generated in the field theory limit of “bulk” contours which do not have a standard physical interpretation in string perturbation theory. We show how they are related to ambiguities in the definition of the loop momentum and that their role is precisely to cancel those ambiguities.
Mathieu moonshine and Siegel Modular Forms
Authors: Govindarajan Suresh , Samanta Sutapa
Published: March 2021

Abstract

A second-quantized version of Mathieu moonshine leads to product formulae for functions that are potentially genus-two Siegel Modular Forms analogous to the Igusa Cusp Form. The modularity of these functions do not follow in an obvious manner. For some conjugacy classes, but not all, they match known modular forms. In this paper, we express the product formulae for all conjugacy classes of M24 in terms of products of standard modular forms. This provides a new proof of their modularity.
MMP for co-rank one foliations on threefolds
Authors: Cascini Paolo , Spicer Calum
Published: March 2021

We prove existence of flips, special termination, the base point free theorem and, in the case of log general type, the existence of minimal models for F-dlt foliated pairs of co-rank one on a $${\mathbb {Q}}$$
Q
-factorial projective threefold. As applications, we show the existence of F-dlt modifications and F-terminalisations for foliated pairs and we show that foliations with canonical or F-dlt singularities admit non-dicritical singularities. Finally, we show abundance in the case of numerically trivial foliated pairs.
The persistent homology of a sampled map: from a viewpoint of quiver representations
Authors: Takeuchi Hiroshi
Published: March 2021

This paper is intended to introduce a filtration analysis of sampled maps based on persistent homology, providing a new method for reconstructing the underlying maps. The key idea is to extend the definition of homology induced maps of correspondences using the framework of quiver representations. Our definition of homology induced maps is given by most persistent direct summands of representations. The direct summands uniquely determine a persistent homology. We provide stability theorems of this process and show that the output persistent homology of the sampled map is the same as that of the underlying map if the sample is sufficiently dense. Compared to existing methods using eigenspace functors, our filtration analysis represents an important advantage that no prior information related to the eigenvalues of the underlying map is required. Some numerical examples are given to demonstrate the effectiveness of our method.
P systems with limited number of objects
Authors: Alhazov Artiom , Freund Rudolf , Ivanov Sergiu
Published: March 2021

P systems are a model of compartmentalized multiset rewriting inspired by the structure of living cells and the way they function. In this paper, we focus of a variant in P systems in which membranes have limited capacity, i.e., the number of objects they may hold is limited by a fixed bound. This feature corresponds to an important physical property of cellular compartments. We propose several possible semantics of limited capacity and show that one of them allows real-time simulations of partially blind register machines, while the other one allows for obtaining computational completeness.
Evaluation of the effects of additives on the properties of starch-based bioplastic film
Authors: Oluwasina Olugbenga O. , Akinyele Bolaji P. , Olusegun Sunday J. , Oluwasina Olayinka O. , Mohallem Nelcy D. S.
Published: March 2021

The adverse environmental effects of petroleum-based packaging plastics have necessitated the need for eco-friendly bioplastics. Most bioplastics are starch-based and are not without drawbacks, hence there is the need for their properties to be improved. In this study, the effect of varying concentrations of dialdehyde starch and silica solutions on the physical, mechanical, biodegradable, surface topology, and thermal properties of the bioplastic films was examined. The additive concentrations were varied from 60 to 100%. The bioplastic films produced with dialdehyde starch solution recorded better moisture content (6.62–11.85%), bioplastic film solubility (4.23–7.90%), and tensile strength (1.63–3.06 MPa), against (11.24–14.26%), (7.77–19.27%) and (0.53–0.73 MPa) respectively for bioplastic films produced with silica solution. The atomic force microscopy analysis; root-mean-square roughness, kurtosis, and skewness revealed better miscibility and compatibility between the starch matrix and the dialdehyde solution than between the starch matrix and the silica solution. Bioplastic with added dialdehyde starch solution has better tensile strength and long biodegradability than that with silica solution. The research has demonstrated that bioplastic film produced with starch and dialdehyde starch solution has better properties than the one produced with starch and silica solution. The properties evaluation results of the bioplastic films thus demonstrated their aptness for food packaging applications.

Graphic abstract
Plays 1682–1696
Authors: Behn Aphra
Published: March 2021

Aphra Behn (1640-1689) is renowned as the first professional woman of literature and drama in English. Her career in the Restoration theatre extended over two decades, encompassing remarkable generic range and diversity. Her last five plays, written and performed between 1682 and 1696, include city comedies (The City-Heiress, The Luckey Chance), a farce (The Emperor of the Moon), a tragicomedy (The Widdow Ranter), and a comedy of family inheritance (The Younger Brother). These plays exemplify Behn's skills in writing for individual performers, and exhibit the topical political engagement for which she is renowned. They witness to Behn's popularity with theatre audiences during the politically and financially difficult years of the 1680s and even after her death. Informed by the most up-to-date research in computational attribution, this fully annotated edition draws on recent scholarship to provide a comprehensive guide to Behn's work, and the literary, theatrical and political history of the Restoration.
Fourier analysis using the number of COVID-19 daily deaths in the US
Authors: Takefuji Yoshiyasu
Published: March 2021

Fourier analysis can provide policymakers useful information for analysing the pandemic behaviours. This paper proposes a Fourier analysis approach for examining the cycle length and the power spectrum of the pandemic by converting the number of deaths due to coronavirus disease 2019 in the US to the frequency domain. Policymakers can control the pandemic by using observed cycle length whether they should strengthen their policy or not. The proposed Fourier method is useful for analysing waves in other medical applications.
Transhepatic device closure of large atrial septal defect
Authors: Firouzi Ata , Saedi Sedigheh , Saedi Tahereh
Published: March 2021

Transcatheter closure of secundum-type atrial septal defects has become the treatment of choice in the majority of cases. Femoral venous access is the standard rout for device implantation. Anatomic abnormalities of venous system including interrupted inferior caval vein with azygous continuation can make the percutaneous procedure more complicated. In such instances, alternative methods of transjugular or transhepatic approach or surgical repair should be considered. We present the case of a 50-year-old male with secundum-type atrial septal defect and a rare form of segmental interruption of inferior caval vein and describe successful atrial septal defect closure through transfemoral approach.
Couplinator: A simple computational tool for synthesis of multi-section coupled-line filter based on MPCM-TLM technique
Authors: Faghand E. , Karimian S. , Mehrshahi E. , Karimian N.
Published: March 2021

A new simple computational tool is proposed for the synthesis of multi-section coupled-line filters based on combined modified planar circuit method (MPCM) and transmission line method (TLM) analysis, referred to as MPCM-TLM. Due to its fundamentally simple architecture, the presented tool offers significantly faster optimization of coupled-line filters – for exactly the same initial simulation set-up – than other costly commercially-available tools, giving equally reliable results.

Validity and accuracy of the proposed tool have been verified through the design of 3rd, 5th, and 7th order coupled-line filters and comparative analysis between results obtained from the proposed approach and the high-frequency structure simulator. A remarkable 99% time reduction in the analysis is recorded in the case of 7th order filter using the proposed tool, for almost identical results to HFSS. Therefore, it can be confidently claimed that the proposed technique can be used as a reliable alternative to existing complex, costly, processor-intensive CAD tools.
The Wandering Orthodox Nuns: Religion and Gender in the Nineteenth-Century Central Balkans
Authors: Davidova Evguenia
Published: March 2021

This article discusses a specific type of religious travel—not pious pilgrimage to the Holy Lands—but more mundane trips performed by Eastern Orthodox sisters to beg for donations within and between three multi-confessional empires. More specifically, it focuses on how nuns’ spatial movements put them on the bigger imperial and transnational maps of church, state, and society and contributed to negotiating space for gender. By combining mobility and gender as categories of analysis, I position the sisters’ acts within three broad themes: travel, women's education, and social networks. I suggest that nuns’ involvement in local communities and the establishment of schools for girls provides evidence for worldly as well as pious concerns. By encompassing rich social interactions, the sisters’ story presents gender imbalances in more palpable form and embodies larger experiences of nineteenth-century women who strove to achieve self-development and to assert social visibility.
Examining the Perceptual-Cognitive Mechanism of Deceptive Actions in Sports
Authors: Polzien Andrea , Güldenpenning Iris , Weigelt Matthias
Published: March 2021

Abstract. In several kinds of sports, deceptive actions are used to hinder the anticipation performance of an opponent. During a head fake in basketball, a player turns the head to one side but passes the ball to the other side. A pass with a head fake generates a head-fake effect in the observer, which is characterized by slower and more error-prone responses to the pass direction as compared to passes without a head fake. Whereas the head-fake effect has been replicated several times, the question of its origin with dynamic stimuli has not been answered yet. The present study includes four experiments, which are conducted to examine the perceptual-cognitive mechanism underlying the effect by using the model of dimensional overlap ( Kornblum et al., 1990 ) and the additive factors logic ( Sternberg, 1969 ). Results point to multiple processes contributing to the head-fake effect for dynamic stimuli, which operate not only at a perceptual level but also at a level of response selection.
Transcriptional mediators of treatment resistance in lethal prostate cancer
Authors: He Meng Xiao , Cuoco Michael S. , Crowdis Jett , Bosma-Moody Alice , Zhang Zhenwei , Bi Kevin , Kanodia Abhay , Su Mei-Ju , Ku Sheng-Yu , Garcia Maria Mica , Sweet Amalia R. , Rodman Christopher , DelloStritto Laura , Silver Rebecca , Steinharter John , Shah Parin , Izar Benjamin , Walk Nathan C. , Burke Kelly P. , Bakouny Ziad , Tewari Alok K. , Liu David , Camp Sabrina Y. , Vokes Natalie I. , Salari Keyan , Park Jihye , Vigneau Sébastien , Fong Lawrence , Russo Joshua W. , Yuan Xin , Balk Steven P. , Beltran Himisha , Rozenblatt-Rosen Orit , Regev Aviv , Rotem Asaf , Taplin Mary-Ellen , Van Allen Eliezer M.
Published: March 2021

Metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer is typically lethal, exhibiting intrinsic or acquired resistance to second-generation androgen-targeting therapies and minimal response to immune checkpoint inhibitors1. Cellular programs driving resistance in both cancer and immune cells remain poorly understood. We present single-cell transcriptomes from 14 patients with advanced prostate cancer, spanning all common metastatic sites. Irrespective of treatment exposure, adenocarcinoma cells pervasively coexpressed multiple androgen receptor isoforms, including truncated isoforms hypothesized to mediate resistance to androgen-targeting therapies2,3. Resistance to enzalutamide was associated with cancer cell–intrinsic epithelial–mesenchymal transition and transforming growth factor-β signaling. Small cell carcinoma cells exhibited divergent expression programs driven by transcriptional regulators promoting lineage plasticity and HOXB5, HOXB6 and NR1D2 (refs.4–6). Additionally, a subset of patients had high expression of dysfunction markers on cytotoxic CD8+T cells undergoing clonal expansion following enzalutamide treatment. Collectively, the transcriptional characterization of cancer and immune cells from human metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer provides a basis for the development of therapeutic approaches complementing androgen signaling inhibition.
Automation of surgical skill assessment using a three-stage machine learning algorithm
Authors: Lavanchy Joël L. , Zindel Joel , Kirtac Kadir , Twick Isabell , Hosgor Enes , Candinas Daniel , Beldi Guido
Published: March 2021

Surgical skills are associated with clinical outcomes. To improve surgical skills and thereby reduce adverse outcomes, continuous surgical training and feedback is required. Currently, assessment of surgical skills is a manual and time-consuming process which is prone to subjective interpretation. This study aims to automate surgical skill assessment in laparoscopic cholecystectomy videos using machine learning algorithms. To address this, a three-stage machine learning method is proposed: first, a Convolutional Neural Network was trained to identify and localize surgical instruments. Second, motion features were extracted from the detected instrument localizations throughout time. Third, a linear regression model was trained based on the extracted motion features to predict surgical skills. This three-stage modeling approach achieved an accuracy of 87 ± 0.2% in distinguishing good versus poor surgical skill. While the technique cannot reliably quantify the degree of surgical skill yet it represents an important advance towards automation of surgical skill assessment.
An atomistic view of solvent-free protein liquids: the case of Lipase A
Authors: Behera Sudarshan , Das Sudip , Balasubramanian Sundaram
Published: March 2021

Atomistic MD simulations of anhydrous surfactant-coated protein liquids reveal their intermolecular structure. Inter-surfactant interactions stabilize the liquid state. Dynamics of trace amounts of water offer clues on enhancing the activity.
The spin–orbit interaction controls photoinduced interfacial electron transfer in fullerene–perovskite heterojunctions: C60versus C70
Authors: Yang Jia-Jia , Liu Xiang-Yang , Li Zi-Wen , Frauenheim Thomas , Yam ChiYung , Fang Wei-Hai , Cui Ganglong
Published: March 2021

Theoretical studies reveal different photoinduced electron transfer dynamics at the interfaces of C60 and C70 and perovskites.
Correction: Conductive interface promoted bifunctional oxygen reduction/evolution activity in an ultra-low precious metal based hybrid catalyst
Authors: Sarkar Shreya , Varghese Merin , Vinod C. P. , Peter Sebastian C.
Published: March 2021

Correction for ‘Conductive interface promoted bifunctional oxygen reduction/evolution activity in an ultra-low precious metal based hybrid catalyst’ by Shreya Sarkar et al., Chem. Commun., 2021, 57, 1951–1954, DOI: 10.1039/D0CC08225B.
Lymphödem, Inflammation und neue Therapieansätze
Authors: Miller Anya
Published: March 2021

Der fehlende Abtransport eiweißreicher interstitieller Flüssigkeit führt zu den bekannten klinischen Zeichen der Lymphödems an der Haut, die im Wesentlichen durch eine Fibrosierung ausgelöst werden. Bisher basiert die Therapie auf der mechanischen Anregung des Lymphtransports durch die komplexe physikalische Entstauung (KPE) oder operativen Maßnahmen, um das Ödem zu reduzieren. Der komplexe Ablauf der Entzündungsvorgänge im Gewebe wurde in den vergangenen Jahren untersucht und zeigt die zentrale Bedeutung von T-Lymphozyten, Makrophagen, LTB4 und diversen Zytokinen. Ausgehend von diesen Erkenntnissen gibt es Erfolg versprechende Therapieansätze mit Ketoprofen, Hydroxytyrosol und weiteren Immunmodulatoren.
Perfect fluid spacetimes and Yamabe solitons
Authors: De U. C. , Chaubey S. K. , Shenawy S.
Published: March 2021

This paper deals with the study of perfect fluid spacetimes. It is proven that a perfect fluid spacetime is Ricci recurrent if and only if the velocity vector field of perfect fluid spacetime is parallel and α = β. In addition, in a stiff matter perfect fluid Yang pure space with p + σ ≠ 0, the integral curves generated by the velocity vector field are geodesics. Moreover, it is shown that in a generalized Robertson–Walker perfect fluid spacetime, the Weyl tensor is divergence-free and the gradient of the potential function of the concircular vector field is pointwise collinear with the velocity vector field of perfect fluid spacetime. We also characterize the perfect fluid spacetimes whose Lorentzian metrics are Yamabe and gradient Yamabe solitons, respectively.
Interlaboratory validation of a hanging pendulum thrust balance for electric propulsion testing
Authors: Schwertheim A. , Rosati Azevedo E. , Liu G. , Bosch Borràs E. , Bianchi L. , Knoll A.
Published: March 2021

A hanging pendulum thrust balance has been developed by Imperial College London in collaboration with the European Space Agency (ESA) to characterize a wide range of static fire electric propulsion and chemical micro-propulsion devices with thrust in the range of 1 mN to 1 N. The thrusters under investigation are mounted on a pendulum platform, which is suspended from the support structure using stainless steel flexures. The displacement of the platform is measured using an optical laser triangulation sensor. Thermal stability is ensured by a closed loop self-compensating heating system. The traceability and stability of the calibration are ensured using two separate calibration subsystems: a voice coil actuator and a servomotor pulley system. Two nearly identical thrust balances have been constructed, with one being tested in the Imperial Plasma Propulsion Laboratory and the other in the ESA Propulsion Laboratory. Both balances show a high degree of linearity in the range of 0.5 mN–100 mN. Both instruments have demonstrated a stable calibration over several days, with an estimated standard deviation on thrust measurements better than 0.27 mN for low thrust measurements. The same electric propulsion test article was used during both tests: a Quad Confinement Thruster (QCT) variant called QCT Phoenix. This thruster differed from previous QCT designs by having a newly optimized magnetic topology. The device produced thrust up to 2.21 ± 0.22 mN with a maximum specific impulse of 274 ± 41 s for an anode power range of 50 W–115 W.
Direct experimental comparison of krypton and xenon discharge properties in the magnetic nozzle of a helicon plasma source
Authors: Vinci Alfio E. , Mazouffre Stéphane
Published: March 2021

Helicon plasma sources currently represent an active field of research in the domain of low-temperature plasmas due to several interesting characteristics for in-space propulsion applications. This work reports direct comparison of krypton and xenon plasma properties through spatially resolved measurements performed in the near-field plume of a sub-kilowatt-class 13.56 MHz helicon source. The set of developed and employed intrusive diagnostics is comprehensively described. The magnetic components of the plasma rf field are inferred using a 3D B-dot probe along the reactor axial direction with and without the externally applied DC magnetic field. Plasma floating potential fluctuations are measured using a capacitive probe to draw design requirements for a rf-compensated Langmuir probe. The latter is used to perform axial and radial measurements of plasma density, electron temperature, and plasma potential. A four-grids retarding potential analyzer is used to infer the ion kinetic energy downstream the source exit. The effect of magnetic field magnitude on ions and electrons properties is especially investigated.
Structure evolution of single-site Pt in a metal–organic framework
Authors: Zhang Biying , Goh Tian Wei , Kobayashi Takeshi , Jing Dapeng , Wu Xun , Chen Minda , Huang Wenyu
Published: March 2021

Heterogeneous single-metal-site catalyst or single-atom catalyst research has grown rapidly due to the accessibility of modern characterization techniques that can provide invaluable information at the atomic-scale. Herein, we study the structural evolution of isolated single Pt sites incorporated in a metal–organic framework containing bipyridine functional groups using in situ diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform spectroscopy with CO as the probe molecule. The structure and electronic properties of the isolated Pt sites are further corroborated by x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and aberration-corrected scanning transmission electron microscopy. We find the prerequisite of high temperature He treatment for Pt activation and CO insertion and inquire into the structural transformation of Pt site process by dynamic nuclear polarization-enhanced solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy.
Energy conservation for the nonhomogeneous incompressible ideal Hall-MHD equations
Authors: Kang Lingping , Deng Xuemei , Bie Qunyi
Published: March 2021

In this paper, we study the energy conservation for the nonhomogeneous incompressible ideal Hall-magnetohydrodynamic system. Three types of sufficient conditions are obtained. Precisely, the first one provides ρ, u, P, and b with sufficient regularity to ensure the local energy conservation. The second one removes the regularity condition on P while requires Lp regularity on the spatial gradient of the density ∇ρ and Lr regularity on ρt. The last one removes the regularity condition on ρt while requires certain time regularity on the velocity field u. Our main strategy relies on commutator estimates in the work of Constantin et al. [Commun. Math. Phys. 165, 207–209 (1994)].
Interpolation sequences and nonspanning systems of exponentials on curves
Authors: Gaisin R. A.
Published: March 2021

Interpolation sequences of the form

are investigated, and also the problem of when the system of exponentials

is nonspanning on the family of arbitrary rectifiable curves in the uniform norm.

In terms of the interpolation nodes (or equivalently, the exponents of the system of exponentials) a criterion for the interpolation problem to be solvable is established and the strong nonspanning property of

is proved. This significantly improves some known results, in particular, results due to Korevaar, Dixon and Berndtsson.

Bibliography: 23 titles.
Sialoglycan recognition is a common connection linking acidosis, zinc, and HMGB1 in sepsis
Authors: Siddiqui Shoib S. , Dhar Chirag , Sundaramurthy Venkatasubramaniam , Sasmal Aniruddha , Yu Hai , Bandala-Sanchez Esther , Li Miaomiao , Zhang Xiaoxiao , Chen Xi , Harrison Leonard C. , Xu Ding , Varki Ajit
Published: March 2021

Significance

Sepsis is a condition wherein a microbial infection leads to life-threatening systemic hyperactivation of innate immunity. Blood pH is normally maintained tightly between 7.35 and 7.45, and lactic acidosis with a pH <7.3 indicates a poor prognosis in sepsis, also associated with low zinc levels. Release of HMGB1 from activated and/or necrotic tissues plays a pivotal role in triggering the proinflammatory cascade of late sepsis. Using an in vitro whole-blood assay, we observed that HMGB1 cannot mediate proinflammatory activity at physiological pH and zinc concentrations. This is due to zinc-dependent association of HMGB1 with sialoglycoproteins, thereby preventing its binding with proinflammatory receptors. Thus, a drop in pH and zinc concentration in sepsis can release sequestered HMGB1 and trigger the inflammatory cascade.
Shape changes and cooperativity in the folding of the central domain of the 16S ribosomal RNA
Authors: Hori Naoto , Denesyuk Natalia A. , Thirumalai D.
Published: March 2021

Significance

Ribosomes are complexes between ribosomal RNA (rRNA) and a number of proteins. Because ribosome assembly begins with rRNA folding, we simulated the molecular details of Mg
2+
-driven folding of the central domain of the bacterial rRNA. Good agreement with experiments on the folding of the three-way junction in the center of the rRNA validates the model. Coupling of rRNA folding and Mg
2+
binding shows that ions interact with rRNA segments in a coordinated manner. The shape of rRNA changes from a sphere in the unfolded state to a prolate ellipsoid at high Mg
2+
concentration, which is the opposite of what transpires when a globular protein folds. Our study provides the needed framework for undertaking ion-driven folding of large RNA molecules.
Primary sex determination in birds depends on DMRT1 dosage, but gonadal sex does not determine adult secondary sex characteristics
Authors: Ioannidis Jason , Taylor Gunes , Zhao Debiao , Liu Long , Idoko-Akoh Alewo , Gong Daoqing , Lovell-Badge Robin , Guioli Silvana , McGrew Mike J. , Clinton Michael
Published: March 2021

Significance

Here, we show that DMRT1 dosage is the key sex determination factor in birds and is essential for testis development. Furthermore, we provide additional evidence that birds, in contrast to mammals, have acquired cell-autonomous sex identity (CASI) and that the sex hormone environment does not significantly influence avian secondary sexual characteristics. This finding highlights an evolutionary divide between mammals and nonmammalian vertebrates. In mammals, the sex chromosomes determine the type of gonad formed, and sex hormones largely define the secondary sexual phenotype. In birds, the sexual phenotype is directly determined by the sex chromosome content of individual cells in different tissues. Our findings help advance our understanding of the evolution of sex determination systems and the nature of sex identity.
Structural insights into membrane remodeling by SNX1
Authors: Zhang Yan , Pang Xiaoyun , Li Jian , Xu Jiashu , Hsu Victor W. , Sun Fei
Published: March 2021

Significance

Coat proteins play a central role in the intracellular transport pathways by coupling two main functions: bending the membrane to generate transport carriers and binding to cargoes for their sorting into these carriers. Studies thus far have mostly solved the structure of coat proteins in solution, but their functional form requires assembly on the membrane into protein complexes. Here, we have pursued cryo-EM to reveal in molecular detail how SNX1 assembles on the membrane to deform the membrane. When compared to a previously solved retromer-SNX complex, our elucidation also suggests how retromer affects SNX in this complex as well as the intermediary stages of this coat assembly.
Integration and transfer learning of single-cell transcriptomes via cFIT
Authors: Peng Minshi , Li Yue , Wamsley Brie , Wei Yuting , Roeder Kathryn
Published: March 2021

Significance

Overcorrection has been one of the main concerns in employing various data integration methods, which risk removing the biological distinction and are harmful for cell-type identification. Here, we present a simple yet surprisingly effective model named common factor integration and transfer learning for capturing various batch effects across experiments, technologies, subjects, and even species. The method generates robust results when batch effects are confounded with the variability of cell-type compositions and when the population exhibits continuous developing patterns. The successful integration and transfer uncover the transcriptional resemblance described by the proposed location-scale shift model across systems. In addition, the model enables transferring via low-rank matrix from more informative data to allow for precise identification in data of lower quality.
A formal restriction on gender resolution
Authors: Moradi Sedigheh
Published: March 2021

Resolved gender agreement occurs with
coordination structures where combinations of two distinct genders
are resolved into a different gender value. I have studied a
representative sample of languages to understand why only a few of
the logically conceivable patterns of agreement are attested.
Starting from an underlying hierarchy of gender, I have constructed
a pointwise algebra to represent various gender combinations. The
gender hierarchy is directly extracted from the organization of the
typological data. Combining abstract algebra and the mathematical
notion of monotonicity helps us understand the restricted set of
attested patterns to only allow monotonic mappings from the base
hierarchy to output forms.
Word formation in the brain
Authors: Semenza Carlo
Published: March 2021

Studies in aphasia provide important information
about how the brain may represent and process morphologically
complex words. The main morphological processes (inflection,
derivation and compounding) uncover a fine-grained brain
organization. The study of errors, in aphasic syndromes and other
disorders like unilateral spatial neglect, clearly determined by
failures in morphological processing, has made it possible to
clarify several different questions. Evidence was found for stems
and affixes to be separately represented. Moreover, evidence for
decomposition in processing has also been provided, favoring,
however, dual route hypotheses. Information about morphology, it was
shown, could persist in absence of the ability to retrieve full
phonological forms. Headedness was shown to have psychological
reality and neural underpinnings.
A short history of phonology in America
Authors: Anderson Stephen R.
Published: March 2021

Although awareness of a difference between the
study of the sound patterns of particular languages and the study of
the language-independent capacity of humans to produce and perceive
sound existed in European and American thought in the early years of
the twentieth century, a clear enunciation of the distinction
between phonology and phonetics is due to Otto Jespersen in 1924. As phonology became
established as a coherent object of inquiry, two themes can be
identified in theorizing about it: first, the question of whether
phonological structure is in the mind, as an aspect of human
cognition, or only a set of facts about the external data of
language; and second, the question of whether there are valid
universals of phonological structure. These issues are traced across
the past century in the work of American linguists. An additional
factor identifiable in historical shifts in theoretical perspective
is somewhat less principled: as discussion of fundamental issues
becomes more technical and relevant data harder to identify,
students and scholars looking for productive research topics tend to
abandon previous frameworks for others in a search for lower hanging
fruit without necessarily having resolved the earlier questions.
Realization Optimality Theory
Authors: Xu Zheng
Published: March 2021

This chapter discusses the framework of
Realization Optimality Theory, a constraint-based theory of
morphology. I provide an overview of its theoretical assumptions and
components such as realization constraints, markedness constraints,
morphotactic constraints, inputs, outputs, and the function
Gen. Previous accounts of several morphological
phenomena based on Realization Optimality Theory are introduced. I
also present some new thoughts on this framework with regard to
affix ordering, stem formation and stem selection in inflectional
morphology as well as Realization Optimality Theory approaches to
derivational morphology, compounding, and clitics.
Multipolar particles in helically symmetric spacetimes
Authors: Ramond Paul , Le Tiec Alexandre
Published: March 2021

We consider a binary system of spinning compact objects with internal structure, moving along an exactly circular orbit, and modeled within the multipolar gravitational skeleton formalism, up to quadrupolar order. We prove that the worldline of each multipolar particle is an integral curve of the helical Killing vector field, and that the four-velocity, four-momentum, spin tensor and quadrupole tensor of each particle are Lie-dragged along those worldlines. The geometrical framework developed in this paper paves the way to an extension of the first law of compact-object binary mechanics up to quadrupolar order.
Imaging of buried obstacles in a two-layered medium with phaseless far-field data
Authors: Li Long , Yang Jiansheng , Zhang Bo , Zhang Haiwen
Published: March 2021

This paper is concerned with the inverse problem of reconstructing the location and shape of buried obstacles in the lower half-space of an unbounded two-layered medium in two dimensions from phaseless far-field data. Similarly to the homogenous background medium case, for this problem it is also true that the modulus of the far-field pattern is invariant under translations of the scattering obstacle if only one plane wave is used as the incident field, and thus it is impossible to determine the location of the obstacle from such phaseless far-field data. Based on the idea of using superpositions of two plane waves with different directions as the incident fields, a direct imaging algorithm is developed in this paper to locate the position of small anomalies with the intensity of the far-field pattern measured in the upper half-space. This is a nontrivial extension of our previous work (2018 Inverse Problems
34 104005) from the homogenous background medium case to the two-layered background medium case. Both the limited aperture measurement data and the presence of the two-layered background medium lead to difficulties in the theoretical analysis of the proposed imaging algorithm. To overcome the difficulties we employ the theory of oscillatory integrals. Further, with the aid of the imaging algorithm, a recursive Newton-type iteration algorithm in frequencies is proposed to reconstruct both the location and shape of extended obstacles. Finally, numerical experiments are presented to illustrate the feasibility of our algorithms.
Empirical relations for discharge current and momentum injection in dielectric barrier discharge plasma actuators
Authors: Tang Anthony , Vaddi Ravi Sankar , Mamishev Alexander , Novosselov Igor V
Published: March 2021

Dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) plasma actuators with an asymmetric, straight edge electrode configuration generate a wall-bounded jet without moving parts. Mechanistic description of the interaction between the Coulombic forces and fluid motion as a function of DBD parameters remains unclear. This paper presents an experimental investigation of DBD actuators, including electrical current associated with microdischarges, plasma volume and the wall jet momentum over a range of alternating current (AC) frequencies (0.5–2 kHz) and peak-to-peak voltages up to 19.5 kV. Discharge current is measured with a high temporal resolution, plasma volume is characterized optically and the momentum induced by the DBD wall jet is computed based on the axial velocities measured downstream of the actuator using a custom-built pitot tube. Discharge current analysis demonstrated asymmetry between the positive and negative semi-cycle; both currents yielded a power–law relationship with empirical fitting coefficients. Plasma length varies linearly and volume quadratically with voltage. Although plasma length reached an asymptotic value at a higher frequency, the plasma volume grows due to the increasing height of the ionization region. In a simple two-dimensional configuration, the DBD wall jet momentum shows near-linear dependency with discharge current in the range of voltages and frequencies considered in this work. The presented empirical model characterizes the DBD wall jet momentum and the discharge current based only on the AC inputs. With the estimation of plasma volume, the model can be applied for determining more realistic boundary conditions in numerical simulations.
Metallic and porous Ti nanorod arrays for visible-IR light absorption and dendrite-free stable lithium-metal batteries
Authors: Bae Minjun , Tan Chin-An , Deng Da
Published: March 2021

It is still a challenging task to prepare highly porous nanorod arrays of metals formed on substrates for optical and energy storage applications. Herein, we demonstrate the design and synthesis of black color, metallic and highly porous Ti nanorod arrays as novel current collectors for dendrite-free and highly stable Li-metal anodes. The high porosity of metallic nanorod arrays provides numerous heterogeneous nucleation sites and huge contact area and large space for the accommodation of Li metal. The conductive metallic Ti nanorod arrays enhance electrode integration. Effectively, it eliminates formation Li dendrites and demonstrates superior cycling stability over 300 cycles. Additionally, the unique porous structures of the nanorod arrays can decrease the amplitude of forced vibration in narrow space leading to light absorption. Interestingly, the metal is black instead of metallic color. The black metallic nanorod arrays can absorb more than 96% of both visible and infra-red lights. This black color metallic porous nanorod arrays may find additional applications in aerospace, energy, biomedical, defence, and chemical industries.
Selective detection of preferential activity of Lanthanum ion at zinc oxide functionalized nanochannel
Authors: Khalid Waqas , Abbasi Muhammad Ali , Ali Mubarak , Ahmad Jalal , Ali Zulqurnain , Atif Muhammad , Ensinger Wolfgang
Published: March 2021

A significant increase of rare earth transition metals concentration in water reservoirs caused by the dumping of household materials and petrol-producing industries is a potential threat to human and aquatic life. Here, we demonstrate a model nanofluidic channel for the Lanthanum (La3+) ions recognition. To this end, a single conical nanochannel is first modified with poly allylamine hydrochloride followed by immobilization of synthesized ZnO nanoparticles on the channel surface through electrostatic adsorption. A significant change in the nanopore electrical readout is noticed when the functionalized nanochannel is exposed to an electrolyte solution having La3+ cations. The distinctive response by the nanofluidic system towards La3+ ions is assumed to be due to ionic radii, hexagonal crystal structure, and associated basal plane interaction between anchored ZnO nanoparticles and La3+ ions. We anticipate that this nanofluidic system can be used as a model to design highly sensitive metal ion detection devices.
Spatial distribution of plasma parameters by a dual thermal-electrostatic probe in RF and DC magnetron sputtering discharges during deposition of aluminum doped zinc oxide thin films
Authors: Petrea Mihai-Andrei , Stamate Eugen
Published: March 2021

Aluminum doped zinc oxide thin films deposited by magnetron plasma sputtering are essential for various optoelectronic applications. So far, the oxygen negative ions and the atomic oxygen are regarded as responsible for the poor spatial uniformity of thin film resistivity. While various methods are available for thin film characterization, understanding the growth mechanism requires spatial-resolved measurements of plasma parameters. This work uses a dual thermal-electrostatic probe that is able to reveal the spatial distribution of plasma density, electron temperature and plasma potential. The results exhibit a parabolic profile for plasma density and flat profiles for electron temperature and plasma potential, with no correlation with the strong distribution of thin film resistivity that mirrors the erosion track on the target surface.
Experimental verification of deposition rate increase, with maintained high ionized flux fraction, by shortening the HiPIMS pulse
Authors: Shimizu T , Zanáška M , Villoan R P , Brenning N , Helmersson U , Lundin Daniel
Published: March 2021

High power impulse magnetron sputtering (HiPIMS) is an ionized physical vapor deposition technique, providing a high flux of metal ions to the substrate. However, one of the disadvantages for industrial use of this technique is a reduced deposition rate compared to direct current magnetron sputtering (dcMS) at equal average power. This is mainly due to a high target back-attraction probability of the metal ions with typical values in the range 70%–90% during the pulse. In order to reduce this effect, we focused on the contribution of ion fluxes available immediately after each HiPIMS pulse; a time also known as afterglow. Without a negative potential on the target at this stage of the HiPIMS process, the back-attracting electric field disappears allowing remaining ions to escape the magnetic trap and travel toward the substrate. To quantify the proposed mechanism, we studied the effect of HiPIMS pulse duration on the outward flux of film-forming species in titanium discharges, which are known to exhibit more than 50% reduction in deposition rate compared to dcMS. By shortening the HiPIMS pulse length, it was found that the contribution to the outward flux of film-forming species from the afterglow increases significantly. For example, HiPIMS discharges at a constant peak current density of about 1.10 A cm−2 showed a 45% increase of the deposition rate, by shortening the pulse duration from 200 to 50 μs. Ionized flux fraction measurements, using a gridless quartz crystal micro-balance-based ion meter, showed that this increase of the deposition rate could be achieved without compromising the ionized flux fraction, which remained approximately constant. The key to the achieved optimization of HiPIMS discharges lies in maintaining a high peak discharge current also for short pulse lengths to ensure sufficient ionization of the sputtered species.
Some aspects of the theory of heavy ion collisions
Authors: Gelis François
Published: March 2021

We review the theoretical aspects relevant in the description of high-energy heavy ion collisions, with an emphasis on the learnings about the underlying quantum chromodynamics phenomena that have emerged from these collisions.
Controllable temporal spin splitter via δ-doping in parallel double δ-magnetic-barrier nanostructure
Authors: Guo Qing-Meng , Chen Sai-Yan , Cao Xue-Li , Yang Shuai-Quan
Published: March 2021

We theoretically investigate the control of spin-polarized dwell time by δ-doping in a parallel double δ-magnetic-barrier nanostructure, which can be realized experimentally by depositing two asymmetric ferromagnetic stripes at the top and bottom of an InAs/Al
x
In1−x
As heterostructure, respectively. Dwell time is still spin-polarized even if a δ-doping is included inside. Both the magnitude and the sign of the spin-polarized dwell time can be manipulated by changing the weight or position of δ-doping. Therefore, this nanostructure can be employed as a structurally controllable temporal spin splitter for spintronic device applications.
Non-classical light in a J

x
photonic lattice
Authors: Swain Manoranjan , Rai Amit
Published: March 2021

We report the study of non-classical light in a photonic lattice having a parabolic coupling distribution, also known as a J

x
photonic lattice. We focus on a two-photon Fock state, a two-photon N00N state, a single-mode squeezed state and a coherent state as inputs to the lattice. We investigate the possibility of a perfect transfer of the mean photon number as well as the quantum state from one waveguide mode to another. We study photon–photon correlation for the two-photon N00N state. For the single-mode squeezed state we perform a detailed study of the evolution of the squeezing factor and entanglement between the waveguide modes. Our findings suggest a perfect transfer of the average photon number in all cases and a perfect transfer of the quantum state in the cases of the two-photon Fock state and the two-photon N00N state only, but not in the cases of the squeezed and coherent states. Our results should have applications in the physical implementation of photonic continuous-variable quantum-information processing.
A hydroclimatic model for the distribution of fire on Earth
Authors: Boer Matthias M , De Dios Víctor Resco , Stefaniak Elisa Z , Bradstock Ross A
Published: March 2021

The distribution of fire on Earth has been monitored from space for several decades, yet the geography of global fire regimes has proven difficult to reproduce from interactions of climate, vegetation, terrain, land use and other human activities by empirical and process-based fire models. Here, we propose a simple, yet robust, model for the global distribution of fire potential based on fundamental biophysical constraints controlling fire activity in all biomes. In our ‘top-down’ approach we ignored the dynamics of individual fires and focus on capturing hydroclimatic constraints on the production and (seasonal) desiccation of fuels to predict the potential mean annual fractional burned area at 0.25° spatial resolution, here estimated by the 0.99 quantile of the observed mean annual fractional burned area (

F

0.99

) over the 1995-2016 period of the Global Fire Emissions Database (GFED4). We show that 80% of the global variation in

F

0.99

can be explained from a combination of mean annual precipitation and potential evapotranspiration. The proposed hydroclimatic model reproduced observed 0.99 quantile fire activity levels equally well across all biomes and provided the first objective underpinning for the dichotomy of global fire regimes in two domains characterised by either fuel production limitations on fire or fuel dryness limitations on fire. A sharp transition between the two climate-fire domains was found to occur at a mean annual aridity index of 1.9 (1.94 ± 0.02). Our model provides a simple but comprehensive basis for predicting fire potential under current and future climates, as well as an overarching framework for estimating effects of human activity via ignition regimes and manipulation of vegetation.