bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
To the Question Of Definition of the Concept «Large Planting Material» of Greening Practice
Authors: Дручинин Д.Ю.
Published: July 2024

Рассмотрены проблемы, связанные с определением понятия «крупномерный посадочный материал», который используется в озеленении. Проанализированы действующие нормативные документы и практический опыт лесоводов. Определены критерии, которые целесообразно использовать при отнесении растения к крупномерному посадочному материалу.

In article the problem of definition of the concept «large planting material», perspective for use at work on creation of forest ranges, landscaping and gardening is noted. The author has analysed the existing normative documents and practical experience of forestry specialists in a case in point. In the existing standards there is no unambiguous concept of that what planting material of a species and the size should be carried to large. Documents designate use for the silvicultural purposes of coniferous and deciduous tree species seedlings aged from one up to four years with insignificant height of plants from 10 to 60 centimeters. At the same time, among the different types of planting material used stands out for forest planting material intended for planting in planting areas or for landscaping, which is preparation, including with root-balled tree system inside the soil clod, briquettes or capacity with substrate. The possibility of use as plantlets of forest tree stock – wood plants of natural origin aged from 3 up to 5 years is separately designated. Taking into account a possibility of preparation of planting material in forest nurseries or under a forest canopy the author has defined criteria and their values which are expedient for using at reference of a plant to large. It is established that use as sign of a large plant height of a plantlets ageisn't effective in connection with differences in conditions of growth of plants and speed of their growth, especially during an preparatory stage of development. First of all planting material has to have a certain height – from 2 to 3,5 meters. For effective use in gardening and during landscaping creation wood plantlets have to have rather formed krone. Stem diameter of the lifting plant which rational values are ranging from 2 up to 3,5 centimeters can act as one more important criterion of a large plant height.
The Development of Technology and Machines when Thinning the Forest in Finland and Sweden
Authors: Большаков Б.М. , Андрюшин М.И. , Дороничева Е.В.
Published: July 2024

На примере Финляндии и Швеции проанализирована эволюция технологий и техники, предназначенной для рубок ухода за лесом. Приведен результат сравнительного анализа производительности харвестеров среднего и малого классов на рубках ухода. Сделан вывод о высоких затратах на ранних стадиях рубок ухода. Отмечена необходимость технического и технологического перевооружения лесного хозяйства России.

Haper highlights key issues of earlier thinning through analysis of foreign information sources. The following issues are covered: - Key thinning features (pre-commercial and commercial) in forest management including felling shares in timber harvest, mechanized timber harvest costs; - recycling of small-sized tress and logging residue into wood chips, production volumes, cost subsidy; - key areas of earlier thinning mechanization\minimization to cut high costs due to small-sized trees and low growing stock per ha; - applied technology, machinery and working equipment including specialized harvester and accumulator-type felling heads; - various type harvester performance indicators in comparative testing and customary operation; - accumulator type felling head impacts on harvester performance; - application of super-light machinery (harvesters, forwarders, harwarders) performance indicators including conditions of the Belarus republic and Latvia; - application of modified agricultural tractors with modular fixed mounts. The analysis findings may be used in development of thinning mechanization policy.
Methodical Provision Application of Systematic Silvicultural Activities in the Forests of Water Protection Zones
Authors: Липкина Т.В. , Цареградская С.Ю. , Жафяров А.В. , Прока И.Ю.
Published: July 2024

Рассматриваются вопросы состояния лесов, расположенных в водоохранных зонах. Получены выводы и даны рекомендации, реализация которых в нормативных правовых документах и на практике обеспечит существенное улучшение содержания и использования лесов водоохранных зон.

Forests located in water protection zones are the most important category of protective forests for which the Forest Code of the Russian Federation establishes a very (hard) strict legal regime what has as a positive so and a negative value and significantly affects the management of these forests and their condition. Based on the analysis and synthesis of materials of literary sources of information, as well as on the results of field studies, are explaining the establishment of target characteristics of plantations effectively performing complex water protection functions, including water regulating, sanitary water treatment, pollution prevention, contamination, siltation of water bodies, depletion of their waters, as well as the conservation of habitats of objects of the animal and plant world. As a result of comparing the characteristics of existing forest plantations with the target, provided by natural soil and forest conditions, differences from the target, is given assessment of their condition and, accordingly, the effectiveness of the activities carried out in the current legislative, regulatory and legal conditions.In connection with the revealed discrepancy between the state and characteristics of the existing plantations by the targeted and insufficiently effective implementation of silvicultural measures, it is necessary to fundamentally change the established regime for maintaining and using forests in water protection zones. To solve this problem, including with the introduction and without amendments to the Forest code of the Russian Federation, it is planned to develop and use in forests located in water protection zones of special priority-target systems of forestry activities. Such systems include a complete set of silvicultural measures applied consistently and interrelated at all stages of the cycle of forest reproduction, complemented by off-system measures of forest protection and protection, ensuring the overall permanent preservation of dynamic forest ecosystems in the target state of effective implementation of integrated water protection functions.
There is no Alternative to Innovative Development
Authors: Мартынюк А.А. , Родин С.А. , Рябцев О.В.
Published: July 2024

Представлены основные направления работ ВНИИЛМ за 85летнюю историю. Особое внимание уделяется инновационным разработкам института.

The paper highlights a very important challenge forest sector economy innovation development. The study pointed out one of sufficient forest sector challenges deficient interaction of research and development with real business needs since despite positive changes share of innovation developments in research and technical products is still low. It is suggested to address this problem through establishment and development of innovation units at research institutes aimed at organization of innovation developments and its introduction in forest management practices. It will enable sector efficiency growth as well as salary and researcher incentive rise and improvement of research capacity. The paper covers key innovation research areas at VNIILM at the moment and in the long run.
Current Improvement of Non-Wood Forest Resource Inventory and Assessment Procedures
Authors: Курлович Л.Е. , Косицын В.Н. , Цареградская С.Ю.
Published: July 2024

Приведены основные результаты разработки и совершенствования методов учета и оценки запасов различных видов недревесных ресурсов леса. Показана возможность определения их запасов по материалам государственной инвентаризации лесов

Forest resource rational utilization is unfeasible without inventory and unbiased assessment of all forest values including nonwood resources regarded as valuable components of sustainable forest management both at national and international levels. The paper highlights key results of various nonwood forest resource inventory and assessment procedure development and improvement. Scientific and practical values of these studies is noted. As stressed systematic studies of nonwood vegetative forest resources at VNIILM commenced in mid60s of the XX century since establishment of the indirect forest utilization in 1969. Regional forest experiment stations (FES) Kostromskaya, North Caucasus, Bashkirskaya and Tumenskaya contributed to the Institute studies. Outstanding that as other sectoral institutes joined the studies VNIILM became a coordinating center and the leading institute in this research area. It is noted that although most intensive and largescale studies were in 80s and early 90s of the last century it is still ongoing now. Key guidelines and practical recommendations reflecting research findings are presented. An opportunity to define nonwood forest resource stocks based on state forest inventory materials is presented. SFI indicators applicable in assessment of such resource various types are numbered. Some algorithms of such calculations are presented. A number of proposals to specify and extend the information gained in permanent sample plots during SFI needed to define various nonwood forest resource type stocks. It is stressed that SFI material applications to assess nonwood forest resource various type stocks enable correct information and its assessment at federal and regional levels.
Prospects of Growing of Planting Material Green Ash in the Conditions of the Stepped Pridonye
Authors:  Чукарина А.В. ,  Чеплянский И.Я. ,  Лобанова Е.Н. ,  Проказин Н.Е.
Published: July 2024

В статье отражены результаты опытов по выращиванию в условиях степи в открытом грунте сеянцев ясеня ланцетного, проведенных с применением биологически активных веществ. Установлено, что применение биохимических препаратов повышает выход и качество посадочного материала ясеня ланцетного, который можно использовать при создании защитных насаждений.

The article is devoted to the cultivation of green ash planting material in the conditions of the stepped Pridonye on the example of the Rostov region, its feasibility and ways to improve technologies. The article assesses the amount of regeneration fund in different regions located in the steppe zone. The essence of the problem is that the cultivation of only seedlings of Crimean pine and black locust to create forest crops causes irreparable damage to the biodiversity of steppe forests. Therefore, it is necessary to expand the range of tree crops deciduous fast-growing trees, such as green ash. This species is recommended for field-protective and anti-erosion stands due to its soil-protective functions. It is also used when laying the state forest protection strips. Then the characteristic of ash-trees in the Rostov region with breakdown by categories of lands and age groups is shown. The agrotechnology of growing planting material for reforestation and afforestation is given. The article also presents the results of testing of biologically active substances in the cultivation of green ash seedlings. The research is carried out by the authors of the article to study the effectiveness of biologically active drugs on plant growth and root formation. Experimental crops were laid on the experimental plots of the South European FRES in autumn 2015 and spring 2016. Seeds were treated with solutions of zircon, “Siliplant” and “Super Humicol”. The seedlings during the vegetation period were sprayed with solutions “Siliplant” and “Super Humicol”. In autumn 2016, biometric indicators of seedlings and their weight were determined. The analysis of these data and compare the growth dynamics of autumn and spring crops showed the optimum time of sowing of green ash in the difficult conditions of the dry forest, and the methods and rate of application of growth regulators and agrochemicals. At the same time, it is better to sow in the spring with a single foliar treatment of seedlings with “Siliplant” in a concentration of 4 ml per 1 liter of water.
Forest Tree Breeding in Russia: Achievements, Challenges, Priorities (Ovevien)
Authors: Тараканов В.В. , Паленова М.М. , Паркина О.В. , Роговцев Р.В. , Третьякова Р.А.
Published: July 2024

Рассматриваются современное состояние и достижения лесной селекции в России. Дан детальный обзор реализованных в стране селекционных программ и исследований. Сформулированы основные проблемы, препятствующие повышению эффективность лесной селекции, а также приоритетные направления исследований по лесной селекции в России на ближайшую перспективу. Предложены конкретные шаги для наращивания потенциала и исследований в этой области.

The current state and achievements of forest selective breeding in Russia are considered in the article. A detailed overview of the tree breeding and research programs implemented in the country is provided. The main problems that reduce the efficiency of forest selection are formulated, as well as priority research directions on forest tree breeding in Russia for the near future. Concrete steps are proposed for capacity building and research in this area.
Forest Regeneration in the Conditions of the Southern Taiga on the Example of the Spruce Stands of the «Kologrivsky Forest» Nature Reserve
Authors: Волков С.Н. Волков С.Н. , Мухин А.С. Мухин А.С. , Чистяков С.А. Чистяков С.А. , Налепин В.П. Налепин В.П. , Кондрашина Е.С. Кондрашина Е.С.
Published: July 2024

Рассмотрены проблемы естественного возобновления древесных пород на примере коренных еловых лесов заповедника «Кологривский лес» Костромской обл. Естественное возобновление древесных пород – одна из актуальнейших проблем лесного хозяйства, так как искусственное восстановление леса со временем может привести к необратимым экологическим последствиям. Целью проведенной работы является изучение естественного возобновления ельников района исследований. В статье приведены методики и результаты полевых обследований. Сделан вывод, что формирование хвойных насаждений естественным путем зависит от количества и качества подроста, а также показателей его жизнеспособности и условий произрастания. Наибольшие потери прироста по высоте происходят в неблагоприятных условиях произрастания подроста ели, утрачивающего жизнеспособность.

The article raises questions of natural regeneration and ecological aspects of spruce forests. At the beginning of the article, the purpose of the study is announced, the relevance of the study is described. Natural regeneration of tree species is one of the most pressing problems of modern society, since artificial forest regeneration over time can lead to irreversible environmental consequences. The purpose of this work is to study and substantiate the natural regeneration of spruce forests in the «Kologrivsky forest» reserve in the Kostroma region. In the main part of the article, methods and results of field studies are presented in the form of conclusions and graphs, detailed answers to all the questions voiced in the introductory part are given. At the end of the article, based on the results of the conducted research, it was concluded that the formation of coniferous plantations in a natural way depends on the quantity and quality of the undergrowth, as well as the indicators of its viability and growing conditions. The greatest losses in height gain occur under unfavorable conditions for the growth of spruce undergrowth that is losing vitality.
Surface runoff in various forest growing areas in European Russian Federation
Authors: Мельчанов В.А. , Межибовский А.М.
Published: July 2024

В статье приведены результаты исследований 1964-1988 гг. на водосборах в зоне хвойно-широколиственных лесов (Московская обл., Истринский район, объединение «Истралесхоз» и совхоз Костровский) и в северной лесостепи (б. Горьковская, ныне Нижегородская обл. Городецкий лесхоз и совхоз Волжский). На этих водосборах, включающих в себя участки сельскохозяйственного поля и лесные насаждения, были оборудованы плотины с водосливами и самописцами типа «Валдай». Исследования показали, что хвойно-лиственные насаждения в отличие от сельскохозяйственных полей переводят большую часть поверхностного стока в почвенный, при этом значительная часть твёрдых фракций, находящихся в поверхностном стоке, задерживается. Кроме того, в хвойно-лиственных насаждениях кроны деревьев задерживают 30-40% осадков, а вследствие особых свойств лесной подстилки уменьшается количество вредных химических соединений, поступающих с полей. На этой основе был разработан способ, защищенный патентом, позволяющий определить минимальную площадь хвойно-лиственного насаждения в зависимости от величины поля, которая обеспечивает полную очистку поверхностного стока от твёрдых фракций, приводящих к обмелению рек, и от загрязняющих химических элементов вод, стекающих с сельскохозяйственных полей.

The studies were carried out on catchments in the zone of coniferous-broad-leaved forests (Moscow region, Istra district, association “Istraleshoz” and state farm Kostrovsky) and in the northern forest-steppe (Gorky region, Gorodetsky forestry and state farm Volzhsky). In these catchments, which include areas of agricultural fields and forest plantations, dams were equipped with spillways and recorders of the «Valdai». Studies in these catchments have shown that coniferous-deciduous stands transfer most of the surface runoff to subsurface runoff, compared to agricultural field plots, while solid fractions of the surface runoff are largely retained. In addition, coniferous-deciduous plantings retain precipitation by 30-40% with their crowns, and due to the special properties of the forest floor, they reduce the amount of harmful chemical compounds coming from the fields into the subsurface runoff. On this basis, a patent-protected method has been developed to determine the minimum area of coniferous-deciduous stands depending on the size of the field, which allows for complete purification of surface runoff from solid fractions that lead to shallowing of rivers, and from polluting chemical elements of water flowing from the fields.
State of France’s Forest Resources
Authors: Жидкова Е.В. , Корякин В.А.
Published: July 2024

В статье изучено текущее состояние и динамика лесных ресурсов Франции. Рассматривается ряд показателей, характеризующих состояние лесных ресурсов Франции, занимающей по площади лесов среди европейских стран 4-е место. Поскольку леса Франции располагаются как на ее континентальной части, так и на заморских территориях, в статье представлено ее территориально-административное деление с учётом наличия лесных массивов в отдельных регионах. Рассмотрены такие показатели состояния лесных ресурсов, как динамика площади лесов, структура собственности на леса, лесистость, породный состав древостоев, запас древесины на корню. Изменение площади лесов в целом, по формам собственности и по департаментам континентальной части Франции представлено на основе данных инвентаризации лесов, проводимой с 1978 по 2018 г. Разнообразие древостоев изучено по составу (лиственные, хвойные, смешанные), породам, европейским регионам Франции и в динамике за 40 лет - с 1985 по 2016 г. Запас древесины на корню в лесах Франции оценивался по департаментам, в лесах разных видов собственности, разного породного состава, в том числе представлено изменение этого показателя по годам. Рассмотренные в данной статье статистические данные собраны в ходе национальной инвентаризации лесов Франции, которая с 2017 г. стала обязательной, и получены из открытых источников, опубликованных Национальным институтом географической и лесной информации (IGN).

The purpose of this article is to study the current state and dynamics of forest resources in France. The article examines a number of indicators characterizing the state of forest resources in France, which ranks fourth in forest area among European countries. Since the forests of France are located both on its continental territory and on “overseas” territories, the article considers the territorial-administrative division of France, taking into account the presence of forests in certain regions. Such indicators of the state of forest resources as dynamics of forest area, structure of forest ownership, forest cover, species composition of forest stands, standing timber stock are considered. The change in forest area as a whole, by ownership type and by department in the continental part of France is considered on the basis of forest inventory data, carried out in the period from 1978 to 2018. The variety of stands in the forests of France was studied in the article by types of plantations (deciduous, coniferous, mixed), by species, by European regions of France and in dynamics for 40 years from 1985 to 2016. The growing stock in the forests of France was estimated by departments, in forests with different types of property, different species composition, including the change in this indicator over the years. The statistics discussed in this article are collected from the French National Forest Inventory, which has become a mandatory survey of forest resources since 2017, and are obtained from open materials published by the National Institute for Geographic and Forestry Information (IGN).
Academic and Technological Development and Innovative Research in the Forestry of Foreign Countries: overview of sources
Authors: Кузьмичев Е.П. , Трушина И.Г. , Трушина Н.И.
Published: July 2024

Современные глобальные вызовы в полной мере затрагивают лесное хозяйство - отрасль, обеспечивающую существование и использование лесных экосистем. Лесной сектор экономики страны нуждается в адаптации к глобализации рынков, развитию технологий, появлению новых видов древесной продукции, усилению конкуренции и ужесточению экологических требований. В статье рассмотрены тенденции в научно-технологическом развитии лесного хозяйства в зарубежных странах, приведены действующие и планируемые программы исследований новых лесных технологий. Статья предназначена для исследователей и практиков лесного хозяйства, направлена на повышение конкурентоспособности и устойчивости российского лесного сектора.

Modern global challenges fully engage the forestry - sphere, which is responsible for existence and usage of the forest ecosystems. Forest economy sector of the country needs adaptation to the market globalization, technological development, emerging of the new kinds of wood products, increased competition and ecological requirement strengthening. This article is dedicated to the trends in academic and technological forestry development in the foreign countries. The paper also describes existing and planned research programs of the new forest technologies. The article is aimed at researchers and experts of the forest sector and intended to improve the competitiveness and stability of the Russian forestry.
Analysis of Foreign Experience in National Forest Inventories: Methods, Sampling, Results and International Statistics
Authors: Малышева Н.В. , Филипчук А.Н. , Золина Т.А. , Кинигопуло П.С. , Шалимова Е.М. , Попик С.А. , Сильнягина Г.В.
Published: July 2024

Выполнен анализ многолетнего опыта ведения национальных инвентаризаций лесов (НИЛ) за рубежом. Рассмотрены принципы построения сети НИЛ, особенности организации выборочных полевых измерений, методы интерпретации первичной информации, получение итоговых оценок и использование результатов для стратегического планирования производства древесного сырья, разработки национальных программ развития лесного хозяйства и организации управления лесами. Зарубежный опыт детально рассмотрен на примере стран с преимущественно бореальными и лесами умеренной зоны: США, Канада, страны ЕС - Скандинавские страны (Норвегия, Швеция, Финляндия) и Чехия. Новые тенденции развития НИЛ связаны с изменением стратегической направленности, дополнением измеряемых и оцениваемых показателей, интеграцией НИЛ и систем мониторинга, гармонизацией терминологии и методов ведения, совершенствованием технологии, адаптацией к требованиям обязательной и добровольной отчетности по лесам в международных процессах.

The article conducts analysis of foreign experience in national forest inventories (NFI), in particular: principles, sampling procedures, data collecting on sample plots, methods of interpreting primary information and reporting, using the results for strategic planning of wood production and national forest policy and also for sustainable forest management. Foreign experience is considered in detail on example of countries with predominantly boreal and temperate forests: the USA, Canada, EU-Scandinavian countries (Norway, Sweden and Finland) and the Czech Republic. The new trends in the elaboration of national forest inventories are associated with a change in strategy, complementing the measured and assessed indicators, integration with monitoring system, harmonization of the terminology and methods of maintenance, improvement of the technology, and adaptation to the requirements of mandatory and voluntary forestry reporting in international processes.
Reproduction of Hybrid Forms of Lowbush Blueberry with Lignified Cuttings
Authors: Тяк Г.В. , Курлович Л.Е. , Макаров С.С.
Published: July 2024

Приведены результаты исследований по размножению голубики узколистной (Vaccinium angustifolium Ait.) одревесневшими черенками с применением регуляторов роста (циркон, кверцетин и корневин). Для опытов по размножению одревесневшими черенками использовали 2 формы голубики узколистной, полученные от свободного опыления сорта Putte, - 29-4 и 8-4. Установлено, что укореняемость черенков изучаемых форм голубики была достаточно высока (от 67 до 100 %). Четкого влияния регуляторов роста на данный показатель не выявлено. Сохранность саженцев после осенне-зимнего периода тоже была высокой (80-100 %). Приживаемость высаженных на гряды стационара Солонка (в мае-июне) зимовавших в открытом грунте однолетних саженцев голубики составила 100 %. Двухлетние саженцы голубики из одревесневших черенков характеризовались высокими показателями роста и развития. Установлено, что применяемые регуляторы роста (циркон, кверцетин и корневин) положительно влияют на них. У формы 29-4 наибольшее воздействие на ряд биометрических параметров оказал препарат циркон, а у формы 8-4 - кверцетин и циркон.

The article presents the results of research on the propagation of blueberry (Vaccinium angustifolium Ait.) by lignified cuttings. For experiments on propagation by lignified cuttings, 2 forms of lowbush blueberries obtained from free pollination of the Putte variety were used - 29-4 and 8-4. It was shown that the rooting rate of cuttings of the studied blueberry forms was quite high (from 67 to 100 %). No clear influence of growth regulators on this result was detected. Transplanted plants survival after autumn-winter period was high enough (80-100 %). The survival rate of those planted on the ridges of the Solonka farm (in May-June) after wintering outdoors one-year old seedlings of blueberry was 100 %. Two-year old transplanted plants from lignified cuttings characterized with high rates of growth and development. The positive influence of growth stimulators (zircon, quercetin and kornewin) on these rates was demonstrated. The biggest effect was demonstrated by zircon on form 29-4 and quercetin and zircon on form 8-4.
160 Years of the Forest Experimental Station of the Timiryazev Agricultural Academy (1862-2022)
Authors: Дубенок Н.Н. , Лебедев А.В. , Волков С.Н. , Гемонов А.В. , Градусов В.М. , Миронова Г.М.
Published: July 2024

Лесная опытная дача Российского государственного аграрного университета - МСХА имени К.А. Тимирязева является неотъемлемой частью становления и развития экспериментального лесоводства в России. Первые работы по изучению лесных насаждений начались здесь в 1862 г. В 2022 г. исполняется 160 лет со времени первого обустройства лесного массива и закладки первых постоянных пробных площадей, поэтому цель исследования - подведение основных итогов научно-исследовательских работ в Лесной опытной даче РГАУ - МСХА за 160 лет непрерывных наблюдений (1862-2022 гг.). С 1862 г. на опытной даче было заложено 258 постоянных пробных площадей в сосновых, лиственничных, березовых, дубовых и еловых насаждениях. Здесь проведены исследования по изучению роста чистых и смешанных древостоев, эффективности лесохозяйственных мероприятий и др., а также проанализирована гидрологическая роль лесных насаждений, их воздействие на перераспределение атмосферных осадков, поверхностный сток и испаряемость. Результаты исследований нашли отражение в научных работах лесоводов, почвоведов, экологов, ботаников, географов и специалистов других естественно-научных направлений. Насаждения Лесной опытной дачи имеют бесценное научное и производственное значение, позволяют формировать теоретические обобщения и разрабатывать практические рекомендации производству, проверенные временем.

Forest Experimental Station of the Russian State Agrarian University - Moscow Timiryazev Agricultural Academy is connected with the formation and development of experimental forestry in Russia. The first work on the study of forest stands began here in 1862. 2022 marks another anniversary since the first arrangement of the forest area and the laying of the first permanent trial plots, so the purpose of the study is to sum up the main results of research work in the Forest Experimental Station of the RSAU-MTAA for 160 years of continuous observations (1862-2022). Since 1862, 258 permanent trial plots in pine, larch, birch, oak and spruce stands have been established in the Forest Experimental Station. The results of studying the growth of pure and mixed forest stands, the effect of fertilization, economic activities, the origin of seeds on the dynamics of forest stands were obtained. Studies of the hydrological role of forest stands have been carried out, showing their influence on the redistribution of atmospheric precipitation, water runoff and evaporation. In addition, the results of research are reflected in the scientific work of foresters, soil scientists, ecologists, botanists, geographers and specialists in other natural sciences. The stands of the Forest Experimental Station are of inestimable scientific and industrial importance, they allow making theoretical generalizations and developing time-tested practical recommendations for production.
The Influenceof Ungulateson the Conditionand Growthof Oak Stalked Crops in the Conditions of the Southern Forest-Steppe of European Russia (Tellerman Experimental Forestry Ilan RAS)
Authors: Чеботарёв П.А. , Чеботарёва В.В. , Стороженко В.Г.
Published: July 2024

Рассматривается влияние копытных животных на состояние дубовых культур, созданных на вырубках в нагорных дубравах зоны лесостепи. В культурах разных лет создания проанализированы повреждения двух типов - погрызы стволов деревьев и объедание крон косулями и лосями. Анализ повреждений показал, что одновременное использование лесохозяйственными и охотничьими организациями лесных территорий с участками дубовых культур разного возраста приводит к их массовому повреждению вплоть до полного уничтожения. В регионах естественного ареала произрастания дуба черешчатого в зоне лесостепи предлагается исключить многоцелевое использование лесных участков, так как это создает угрозу уничтожения ценных искусственно созданных дубовых насаждений.

The article examines the influence of ungulates on the state of oak crops created on the cutting down of ripe and overgrown forests of upland oak forests in the forest-steppe zone. In cultures of different years of creation, two types of damage were analyzed - gnawing of tree trunks and overeating of crowns by roe deer and moose. Damage analysis showed that when forestry and hunting organizations simultaneously use forest territories with oak crop plots of oak cultures of different ages, their massive damage was revealed up to complete destruction by ungulates. In the regions of the natural range of the growth of the petiolate oak in the forest-steppe zone, it is proposed to exclude the multipurpose use of forest plots. Multi-purpose use poses a threat of destruction of artificially created valuable oak plantations.
Justification of the Rational Appearance of the Forest Fire Extinguishing Integrated Aviation System Using Aviation Fire Tankers
Authors: Клочков В.В. , Егошин С.Ф. , Касаткин А.А.
Published: July 2024

Рассматриваются новые возможности применения авиации для охраны лесов от пожаров. Предложены варианты оптимизации обнаружения и тушения лесных пожаров, возникающих на заданном участке земель лесного фонда, в рамках методологии интегрированных авиационных систем, в качестве целевой функции которых выбраны суммарные потери/затраты государства. Целевая функция вводится с учетом разработанной упрощенной модели распространения и тушения лесного пожара. Проведено сравнение различных парков пожарных воздушных судов: существующих Ил-76, Бе-200, Ка-32, а также перспективных с гипотетическими характеристиками. Показано, что в рамках введенных моделей наиболее рациональным обликом интегрированной авиационной системы тушения лесных пожаров с применением авиационных пожарных танкеров является разделение земель лесного фонда на зоны ответственности отдельных подразделений, в состав которых входит авиапарк на основе беспилотных летательных аппаратов двух типов: малых патрульных и более крупных дежурных. Несмотря на то что проведенное моделирование носит качественный характер, применение подхода интегрированных авиационных систем для задач пожарной авиации позволяет сформировать обоснованные выводы о перспективных направлениях ее развития.

New possibilities of using aviation to protect forests from fires are being considered. Variants of optimization of detection and extinguishing of forest fires arising on a given plot of forest fund lands are proposed within the framework of the methodology of integrated aviation systems, the total losses/costs of the state are selected as the target function of which. The target function is introduced taking into account the developed simplified model of spreading and extinguishing a forest fire. The comparison of various fleets of fire-fighting aircraft is carried out: existing Il-76, Be-200, Ka-32, as well as promising aircraft with hypothetical characteristics. It is shown that within the framework of the introduced models, the most rational appearance of an integrated aviation system for extinguishing forest fires using aviation fire tankers is the division of forest lands into areas of responsibility of individual units, which include an air fleet based on two types of unmanned aerial vehicles: small patrol and larger duty firefighters. Despite the fact that the conducted modeling is of a qualitative nature, the application of the integrated aviation systems approach for fire aviation tasks allows us to form reasonable conclusions about the promising directions of its development.
Genetic Diversity of Natural Populations of Scotch Pine in the Northern Part of the Republic of Karelia
Authors: Мельчакова Е.В. , Малеева Н.А.
Published: July 2024

Проанализировано генетическое разнообразие и структура 5 популяций сосны обыкновенной (Pinus sylvestris L.) из северной части Республики Карелии с использованием 13 микросателлитных локусов. Установлено высокое аллельное разнообразие популяции сосны обыкновенной на исследованных участках, несмотря на то что по степени равномерности распределения аллельных вариантов внутри выборок все исследуемые популяции достаточно однородны. Результат AMOVA-анализа показал относительно невысокий уровень межпопуляционной дифференциации: внутрипопуляционная изменчивость составляет 93 %, а межпопуляционная – 7 %. По результатам кластерного анализа, проведённого на основе матрицы генетических расстояний М. Неи, установлена популяционная структура P. sylvestris в северной части Карелии. Все изученные популяции подразделены на две большие группы.

In this study, we assessed the genetic diversity and population structure of Scotch pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) using 13 microsatellite loci in 5 populations from the northern part of the Republic of Karelia. Our analysis showed a high allelic diversity of the Scots pine population in the studied areas. Although, in terms of the degree of uniformity of the distribution of allelic variants within the samples, all the studied populations are quite homogeneous. The result of the AMOVA analysis showed a relatively low level of interpopulation differentiation, within the population the variability is 93 %, and the interpopulation share of variability is 7 %. According to the results of cluster analysis carried out on the basis of the matrix of genetic distances by M. Nei, we revealed the population structure of P. sylvestris in the northern part of Karelia. All studied populations were divided into two large groups.
Stimulation of Root Formation in Semi-Hardwood Cuttings of Juniperus × Pfitzeriana ‘Pfitzeriana Glauca’ with Growth Powders with Auxins
Authors: Боровков В.В. , Демченко Г.А.
Published: July 2024

Приведены результаты исследования влияния ростовых пудр, содержащих индолил-3-масляную кислоту (ИМК) в разных концентрациях, на корнеобразование у полуодревесневших черенков можжевельника Пфитцера ‘Pfitzeriana Glauca’ (Juniperus × pfitzeriana ‘Pfitzeriana Glauca’). Черенки заготавливали с 8-летних маточных растений в фазе окончания вынужденного зимнего покоя. Показано стимулирующее влияние ростовых пудр с концентрацией ИМК 2,5 г/кг на укоренение черенков данного сорта, что заключалось в повышении укоренямости в 2,0–2,19 раза и значительном улучшении качества корневой системы. С увеличением содержания ИМК в ростовых пудрах от 2,5 до 20 г/кг происходило усиление фитотоксичности регуляторов роста и снижение укореняемости черенков.

The results of a study of the effect of growth powders containing indolyl-3-butyric acid (IBA) in various concentrations on root formation in semi-hardwood cuttings of Juniperus × Pfitzeriana ‘Pfitzeriana Glauca’ are presented. Cuttings were harvested from eight-year-old mother plants at the end of forced winter dormancy. A stimulating effect on the rooting of cuttings of this variety of growth powders with a concentration of IBA of 2.5 g/kg was shown, which consisted in an increase in the percentage of rooting of cuttings by 2.0–2.19 times and a significant improvement in the quality of the root system. With an increase in the concentration of IBA in growth powders from 2.5 g/kg to 20 g/kg, there was a decrease in the percentage of survival and an increase in signs of phytotoxicity of the growth regulators on cuttings.
Challenges of Eco-physiological Interpretation of the Climatic Signal in Dendrochronological and Dendroisotope Time Series
Authors: Чуракова О.В. , Румянцев Д.Е.
Published: July 2024

Важной проблемой современной дендроклиматологии является интерпретация выявленных статистически достоверных связей между изменчивостью метеорологических переменных (среднемесячная и дневная температура воздуха, ежемесячные суммы осадков текущего и предшествовавшего формированию годичного кольца календарного года) и вариацией дендрохронологических параметров (ширина годичного кольца, максимальная плотность поздней древесины, анатомические характеристики годичного кольца и композиционный состав стабильных изотопов в кольце). Адекватная интерпретация необходима, чтобы понимать, какие экофизиологические механизмы определяют выявленные статистические связи, какую смысловую нагрузку, прогностическую и познавательную ценность имеет эта информация в экологическом, экофизиологическом и экогидрологическом аспектах. Наиболее простым путем надежной интерпретации обнаруженных зависимостей является проведение прямых наблюдений за внутрисезонной динамикой формирования годичного кольца и динамикой окружающей экологической обстановки, что, однако, в большинстве случаев невозможно. В качестве одного из вариантов решения этой научной задачи предлагается применять экофизиологические модели в сочетании с прямыми измерениями δ13C, δ18O и δ2H в древесине и целлюлозе годичных колец.

Interpretation of statistically significant relationships between meteorological parameters like average or daily monthly air temperature, the sum of precipitation of the previous and current year of the tree-ring formation versus variability of dendrochronological parameters (e.g., tree-ring width, maximum latewood density, anatomical parameters of tree rings, and variability of stable isotopes in tree rings) is crucial for the modern dendroclimatology. After the identification of statistically significant correlations, it is necessary to interpret them in a biologically competent manner to adequately understand what eco-physiological mechanisms are behind them, and what meaningful load, prognostic, and cognitive value this information has in ecological, eco-physiological, and eco-hydrological aspects. Like any separately taken biological object, trees of temperate latitudes have their specificity, which differs in connection with hereditary properties of species and physiographic tree growth conditions. The simplest way to reliably interpret the discovered dependencies is to conduct direct observations of the intra-seasonal dynamics of annual tree-ring formation and the dynamics of the surrounding environmental conditions, which is impossible in most cases. Eco-physiological models combined with direct measurements of δ13C, δ18O, and δ2H 18 in wood and tree-ring cellulose are proposed as one of the options for solving this scientific problem.
Percutaneous ultrasound-guided anchor wire placement aids in the intraoperative localization of nonpalpable, superficial foreign bodies and abscesses in dogs
Authors: Thomas Grace , Pivetta Mauro , Simpson Matthew , Banks Charlotte , Villamil Carlos Sanchez , Rossanese Matteo
Published: July 2024

OBJECTIVE

To describe and evaluate the use of preoperative percutaneous ultrasound-guided anchor wire placement to aid intraoperative localization of superficial foreign bodies and abscesses in dogs.

ANIMALS

11 dogs.

CLINICAL PRESENTATION

In a retrospective observational study, the medical records of dogs that underwent surgical exploration of superficial abscesses, guided by anchor wire, between 2018 and 2023 were reviewed for clinical and histopathological findings and complications. Owners or veterinarians were contacted to collect long-term follow-up information.

RESULTS

11 dogs were included. Superficial swelling was the most common clinical presentation. Computed tomography and ultrasound revealed an abscess cavity and suspected foreign body in 9 dogs and an abscess cavity without evidence of a foreign body in 2 dogs. Anchor wires were placed in close proximity to the foreign body or inside the abscess. All documented foreign bodies were successfully located and retrieved. Two dogs suffered minor postoperative complications. No major intra- or postoperative complications were documented. One dog displayed recurrence of clinical signs, but no further surgical management was required.

CLINICAL RELEVANCE

Preoperative percutaneous placement of an anchor wire via ultrasound guidance was successful in aiding intraoperative localization of nonpalpable abscesses and retrieval of foreign bodies. This technique may decrease surgical time, minimize the surgical approach required, and increase the likelihood of successful localization.
A Study of the Impact of Artificial Intelligent Services on the Remediation of Business Management Service Failures
Authors: Chen Hong , Xiong Siying
Published: July 2024

Accompanied by the continuous development of Internet information technology and the promotion of technologies such as big data, artificial intelligence, and machine learning, AI-enabled services are gradually integrated into daily life, and remediation in the face of AI service interactions has also become an inevitable research issue. This study examines the impact of remediation in the event of service failures, particularly in the context of intelligent robot service failures that lead to negative customer experiences. Through the dissection of service failure remediation methods, combined with the customer satisfaction index model, a theoretical research model is constructed from the two aspects of willingness to use and satisfaction, and five hypotheses of remediation are proposed, and then experiments are designed to test them. The results of regression analysis indicated that the mean values of perception and willingness to use in the low anthropomorphism group were 4.875 and 5.052. The mean values of perception and willingness to use in the high anthropomorphism group were increased by 0.718 and 0.649 compared to those of the low anthropomorphism group. The customer’s satisfaction in terms of robot anthropomorphism in the high anthropomorphism was 4.055, and in the low anthropomorphism was 3.410, which indicated that there were positive correlations between the degree of anthropomorphism and both willingness to use and satisfaction have a positive effect, and all five hypotheses of this paper are proved. The purpose of this study is to provide an in-depth analysis of the use of AI anthropomorphization in service failure and service remediation and to offer guidance and references for AI services and related development and design decisions.
Transformation of traditional art education model in multimedia environment
Authors: Luo Yanjuan
Published: July 2024

Along with the continuous development of multimedia technology and the deepening of teaching information, virtual reality design factors are crucial to enhancing the impact of the teaching experience. The purpose of this paper is to address traditional art education’s transformational needs and develop an art education teaching system that utilizes virtual reality technology. It also uses the eye-tracking instrument to collect student eye movement data, and after preprocessing the data, such as missing data and noisy trajectory points, it counts the results of each eye movement index in the teaching process. The study showed that some of the students’ eye movement indicators during teaching had a strong correlation with the level of cognitive engagement in learning (P<0.05), and there was no covariance between the indicators. Following the implementation of the teaching mode, the students teaching art under multimedia exhibited a significantly higher level of cognitive engagement in learning (9.74 points) compared to those in the traditional teaching mode (7.14 points). Meanwhile, the eye movement experiment found that the difference in students’ attention concentration in the artwork and work introduction sections was not significant (P > 0.05) when the design elements of the teaching interface were paired with the top of the bottom of the picture and the middle size and the top of the picture and the bottom of the picture and the large size. This paper provides references and their significance for related research, as well as the design of a virtual simulation platform for art teaching.
Online Communication of Marxist Theory in the New Media Era
Authors: Ma Jinwei
Published: July 2024

This paper explores the development status of Marxism on the Internet by collecting Chinese Internet information. A theoretical model of Marxism’s online communication effect in the new media era is constructed by using the fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method, and all kinds of key factors affecting the effect of Marxism mass communication in the new media era are clarified. In response to the empirical research results, specific measures and strategies are proposed in five aspects, namely, communicators, communication content, communication channels, communication audience, and communication environment. The results show that with the development of new media, the penetration rate of Chinese Internet users will exceed 50% by December 2023. The number of Internet media in Chinese government organizations continues to grow, totaling 269,472. The cultivation of Internet Marxism is fragmented, and it is necessary to aggregate and integrate resources in the future. In the guideline layer indicators of Marxist Internet communication effect, the weight of communication content is 0.4187, which is the main factor in the decision-making system, followed by communication audience (0.1845). Downloading and rewarding behaviors in the program layer indicators have a significant impact on the communication effect.