bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Peripheral Arterial Disease of the Lower Limbs: Epidemiological and Ultrasound Profile of Patients with Stenosis at the Conakry University Hospital
Authors: MD Balde , MB Bah , EY Balde , M Beavogui , A Camara , C Tamko , IS Barry , MA Balde , A Kone , IS Sylla , S Diakite , M Diallo , M Conde
Published: February 2022

Introduction: Peripheral arterial disease of the lower limbs (PAD) is a partial or total obliteration of one or more arteries intended for the lower limbs by atheroma. Its prevalence increases with age, but also with other major cardiovascular risk factors such as diabetes, smoking, high blood pressure and dyslipidemia. Its diagnosis is essentially based on arterial Doppler ultrasound, which studies the topography and extension of the lesions, thus constituting the essential tool for therapeutic decision-making. The objective was to describe the epidemiological and ultrasound profile of patients with atheromatous arterial stenosis of the lower limbs. Methodology: This was a cross-sectional descriptive study running from 1 January 2019 to 31 March 2020, we took a duration of 15 months. This study was carried out at the Conakry University Hospital (Donka and Ignace Deen Hospitals). Results: In our series, the average age was 64.7 ± 13 years, with a sex ratio of 1.04. The average age was 64.7 ± 13 years, with a sex ratio of 1.04. The average age of the women in our series was 64.7 ± 13 years. Risk factors were dominated by advanced age (78.67%), diabetes (58%), hypertension (57%) and physical inactivity (47.66%). Among the 300 patients, 145 were carriers of atheromatous arterial stenosis, or a frequency of 48.33%. The leg arteries were the most affected, followed by the common femoral arteries. Concerning the degree of stenosis, patients with stenosis greater than 70% were the most represented. Conclusion: Peripheral arterial disease of the lower limbs (AOMI) is a pathology not to be neglected in Guinea. Patients have several risk factors : stenosis is an important part of the ultrasound lesions of this disease.
Can Early Diagnosis - Treatment of A Hemodynamically Significant Patent Ductus Arteriosus Reduce the Incidence of Pulmonary Hemorrhage in Extreme Low Birth Weight Infants?
Authors: Elie GHOUSSOUB , Tatiana SOUAID , Patrick DAOUD
Published: February 2022

Objective: To identify pulmonary hemorrhage incidence modification after early diagnosis-treatment of an hsPDA in ELBW infants. Study design: Data from extreme preterm infants treated by Ibuprofen were retrospectively and prospectively reviewed. X2 test and Fisher’s exact test were used for categorical analyses. t-test and Kruskl-Wallis test were used for continuous analyses. Multivariate analyses with logistic regression models were used to control for differences in observed covariates. Results: Fifty-five ELBW infants were diagnosed with PDA. Significant increase in survival in early ibuprofen group (67.7% vs 91.5%; p = .033) was seen; with a significant reduction in the pulmonary hemorrhage incidence in the 26 – 276/7 WGA in EIG (22.7% vs 0%; p = .047). To note that, proven – NEC cases occurred more frequently in the 24 – 256/7 WGA in EIG with a significant difference (44.4% vs 0%; p = .041). Conclusion: Early treatment of hemodynamically significant patent ductus arteriosus is associated with an increase in survival in ELBW infants with less pulmonary hemorrhage, especially in the 26 – 276/7 WGA. In another hand, developing proven-NEC increased if 24 – 256/7 WGA were treated earlier by Ibuprofen for their PDA. Future prospective, multi-centric, large-scale randomized trials should be conducted to determine the best strategies for PDA management, especially in ELBW infants.
Stroke Subtypes, Risk Factors and Treatment Outcomes at A Tertiary Hospital Situated in Rural Southwestern Nigeria: A Five- Year Restrospective Observational Study
Authors: IBRAHIM Azeez Oyemomi , OLOWOYO Paul , Ajetunmobi Adewumi Oluwaserimi , AYODAPO Abayomi , ISMAIL Waheed Olalekan , AJANI Gbadebo Oladimeji
Published: February 2022

Introduction: Despite the high burden of stroke globally, there is an observed paucity of data regarding its subtypes, risk factors and treatment outcomes in rural Southwestern Nigeria. The study ascertained the subtypes, risk factors and treatment outcomes of stroke at the adult Accident and Emergency Department of a tertiary hospital in a rural Southwestern Nigeria. Materials and methods: A retrospective survey using data form and standardized questionnaire was used to review the patients admitted for stroke between January 2015 and December 2019. The data were analyzed using SPSS Version 22.0. The results were presented in descriptive and tabular formats. Results: In this study, 276 stroke patients comprised Ischemic (60.1%) vs Hemorrhagic (39.9%) strokes were studied. The mean age of the patients was 67.3±11.1 years. The majority were males and were older than 65 years. The independent predictors of stroke admissions were Informal education [(AOR = 0.288; 95% CI: (0.120-0.691), p = 0.005)], low income earners [(AOR = 0.452; 95% CI: (0.230-0.888), p = 0.021)], obesity [(AOR = 0.080; 95% CI: (0.019-0.347), p= 0.001)], heart failure [(AOR= 9.152; 95% CI: (2.325-41.266), p < 0.001)], atrial fibrillation [(AOR = 0.136; 95% CI: (0.068-0.891),p = 0.001)], tobacco smoking [(AOR = 0.350; 95% CI: (0.137-0.891), p = 0.028)], and poorly controlled blood pressure [(AOR = 0.107; 95% CI: (0.033-0.348), p <0.001)]. The mortality rate was 10.1%. Conclusion: The results of this study further support the argument on the higher prevalence of stroke admission in rural areas of Southwestern Nigeria. There may be need for public awareness on primary stroke prevention and early identification of the risk factors in order to reduce the prevalence and mortality of stroke in the rural Southwestern Nigeria.
Incidence of Nosocomial Infections in Burns in The Surgery Department of The Reference Hospital Jason Sendwe in Dr Congo
Authors: Hendrick Mbutshu Lukuke , Gaël Tshialama Ngandu , Willy Arung Kalau , Françoise Malonga Kaj
Published: February 2022

Introduction: Data-t-on nosocomial infections in burns are rare then and yet they constitute therapeutic emergencies. The objective of this work was to determine the incidence, clinical and therapeutic aspects and the associated complications of nosocomial infections in people with burns from Sendwe HGR in the DRC. Methods: We carried out a longitudinal descriptive study during the period from January 1 to December 31, 2019. Our study population consisted of all patients hospitalized in the burns department of the HGR Sendwe during the study period. Results: The incidence of nosocomial infections in burns was 22.6%; the depth of the most important burn was the second superficial degree at 87.09%, the extent of the most important burn was between 0 and 10% i.e. a frequency of 38.76%, the site of the burn the more frequent was made of the association of upper limbs, lower limbs and head at 12.9%; the time to onset of nosocomial infections in burns was between the third day and the fifth day at 35.71%; electrolyte resuscitation fluid in burns was the combination of ringer lactate and physiological saline at 83.87%, the antibiotic most used in burns was the combination of metronidazole and cefotaxime at 67.74 %. Conclusion: The incidence of nosocomial infections in burns was high; essential hygiene measures, sterilization and disinfection measures for the equipment used should be maximized in order to further prevent these scourges.
Impact of Climate Change on Parasitic liver Diseases in Africa
Authors: Elwakil Reda , Elsahhar Medhat , Fouad Yasser , Ocama Ponsiano , Ng’wanassai Masolwa , Bareedy Ashraf , Saad-Hussein Amal
Published: February 2022

Climate change is already a reality in Africa. Many countries across Africa are classified as Least-Developed Countries (LDCs) with poor socio-economic conditions and by implication are faced with particular challenges in responding to the impacts of climate change. African countries have the least efficient public health systems in the world. Infectious disease burdens, which are sensitive to climate impacts, are highest in the sub-Saharan African region. Changes in climate will affect the spread of infectious agents as well as alter people’s disposition to these infections Climate change has the capability to drive parasitic disease incidence and prevalence worldwide. There are both direct and indirect implications of climate change on the scope and distribution of parasitic organisms and their associated vectors and host species. Currently there is lack of reviews in the literature addressing comprehensively the impact of climate change on the prevalence of parasitic liver disease in Africa. The aim of the current review is to discuss the impact of climate change on parasitic liver disease in Africa, and to detect the gaps in the research done in this field. This review is discussing the impact of climate change on some common parasitic liver diseases in Africa regarding the spread of infectious agents and the liver diseases caused by them. Conclusion: Evidences showed that climate change; including rise in ambient temperature, disturbance of rainfall, water safety, and ecological changes, leads to change in the expansion of vectors or reservoirs of infection and the burden of parasitic infections in endemic areas in Africa. In addition to the effect of man-made construction of irrigation schemes are also responsible for continued transmission of some parasitic diseases in African countries.
Bactericidal and Fungicidal Activities of Novel ProtecTeaV Formulations - Alcohol-Based Hand Hygiene and Surface Disinfectant Prototypes Containing Epigallocatechin-3-Gallate-Palmitate (EC16)
Authors: Dickinson Douglas , Tufo Melissa Del , Liu Emma , Shao Xueling , Hsu Stephen
Published: February 2022

Objective: Currently used alcohol-based hand sanitizers and surgical hand rubs are not effective against alcoholresistant microorganisms. We reported previously that nontoxic antioxidant food additive compounds derived from green tea polyphenols, particularly epigallocatechin-3-gallate-palmitate (EC16), are suitable for use in alcohol formulations to effectively inactivate nonenveloped viruses and bacterial spores. However, whether EC16 influences the bactericidal and fungicidal activity of alcohol is not clear. The objective of the current study was to determine the bactericidal and fungicidal activities of ProtecTeaV hand sanitizer and surface spray prototypes containing EC16. Methods: The prototypes were tested according to the guidelines from the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). Results: As expected, EC16 did not reduce the bactericidal and fungicidal activities of ethanol. The hand sanitizer gel formulation was equally effective as 70% ethanol and met the tested standard, and the surface spray prototype met the EPA performance standard. Conclusions: EC16 can be combined with ethanol without reducing antibacterial or antifungal activity, and the ProtecTeaV prototypes could be further developed into novel hand hygiene and surface disinfectant products with virucidal, bactericidal, fungicidal and sporicidal activities.
A Case Study on Mrs E.C. with Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Zulu Caroline , Zulu Betty
Published: February 2022

About 463 million people have diabetes in the world and more than 19 million people in the African region. It is estimated that by 2045, around 47 million Africans will be diabetic (International Diabetes Federation, 2019). Zambia one of the 48 countries of the International Diabetes Federation (IDF) African, is no exemption and Diabetes Mellitus (DM) is on the increase. (International Diabetes Federation, 2019). Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disorder characterized by high glucose level in the blood over a long period of time. It usually manifests with increased thirst, frequent micturition, unexplained weight loss, increased hunger, fatigue and blurred vision. This is a family case study of Mrs E. C, a female adult aged 47 years with diabetes mellitus type two aims to prove that a combination of the right medication, diet, exercise and change of life style can improve the quality of life of people living with diabetes. She learnt of her condition in 2015 after experiencing extreme hunger, increased thirst and frequent micturition. The client’s home environment, how the family is coping up with the condition was assessed. The process of several home visits enabled us to identify actual and potential problems for our patient in order to provide appropriate nursing interventions to sensitise, train patients and their families on aware of the signs and symptoms and treatment of DM at home. Four home visits were conducted.
Decreasing Blood Culture Contamination Rates When Using an Initial Peripheral IV: Implementing the 5 P's and Using a Closed System Device
Authors: Rhew Denise , Childress Wendy
Published: February 2022

Blood culture remains the gold standard for the diagnosis and treatment of bacteraemia and is the first-line tool for detecting bloodstream infections [1]. Research shows that the emergency department (ED) is an essential component of the health care system and subject to workflow challenges, which may hinder ED personnel adherence to guideline-based infection prevention practices [2]. This impact has wide-reaching effects. Moreover, a fast-paced ED presents a host of challenges with competing priorities. In addition, EDs are perceived as 24/7 portals where rapid and efficient diagnosis, urgent attention, primary care, and inpatient admission is provided for stabilizing seriously ill and wounded patients [3]. Blood culture contaminants are common, and they have a significant impact on patients and staff, contributing to unnecessary or inappropriate antibiotic treatment, increased length of stay, and costly economic burden [4]. The aim of this study was to evaluate the use of an automated blood culture collection system when drawing blood cultures from a peripheral IV and to evaluate the effectiveness of implementing evidence-based policies, procedures, practice, products, and patient care to reduce blood culture contamination rates.
Exploration of Saudi Mothers Cultural Practices related to Exclusive Breastfeeding during First Six Month of Infant Life
Authors: Abouelfettoh Amel , Matrafi Rehab Al
Published: February 2022

Introduction: Around the world women breastfeed without question, there is a natural assumption that the breast will be offered to the newborn infant and that breast milk will nourish the infant until weaning. However, cultural beliefs and traditions passed down by the family and friends influences the mothers’ breastfeeding experience. Previous researches about breastfeeding in Saudi Arabia have been mostly using quantitative methods of research looking at rough numbers. Study Objective: Explore and describe the breastfeeding live experience and Cultural Practices related to Exclusive breastfeeding of Saudi women who live in Al Ahsa city, Easter Region, KSA. Methods: Qualitative, in-depth interview utilized in the study. Data collected till reaching saturation from twenty mothers who were recruited from PHC Clinics during their baby’s immunization visit at six month. Results: The findings highlighted that all mothers initiated breastfeeding, some were hesitant to feed the infant the colostrum. Unfortunately, all mothers started supplementation early in infant life because some cultural practices and social influences mandates giving the baby some foods that is believed to bless the baby. Husband was the most influential family member and getting pregnant again was a reason to stop breastfeeding. Conclusion: The breastfeeding experience is not an isolated event but one that exists in a social context. Despite mothers initiate and admire the health benefits of breastfeeding, barriers to exclusive breastfeeding still remain. Bottle feeding became the norm with the societal modernization; women employment, and life styles, social support is not there, and non-spaced pregnancies. Understanding of the cultural practices related to can assist health professionals to provide culturally comptent interventions.
US COVID-19 Vaccines Proven to Cause More Harm than Good Based on Pivotal Clinical Trial Data Analyzed Using the Proper Scientific Endpoint, "All Cause Severe Morbidity"
Authors: Bart Classen J.
Published: February 2022

Three COVID-19 vaccines in the US have been released for sale by the FDA under Emergency Use Authorization (EUA) based on a clinical trial design employing a surrogate primary endpoint for health, severe infections with COVID-19. This clinical trial design has been proven dangerously misleading. Many fields of medicine, oncology for example, have abandoned the use of disease specific endpoints for the primary endpoint of pivotal clinical trials (cancer deaths for example) and have adopted “all cause mortality or morbidity” as the proper scientific endpoint of a clinical trial. Pivotal clinical trial data from the 3 marketed COVID-19 vaccines was reanalyzed using “all cause severe morbidity", a scientific measure of health, as the primary endpoint. “All cause severe morbidity” in the treatment group and control group was calculated by adding all severe events reported in the clinical trials. Severe events included both severe infections with COVID-19 and all other severe adverse events in the treatment arm and control arm respectively. This analysis gives reduction in severe COVID-19 infections the same weight as adverse events of equivalent severity. Results prove that none of the vaccines provide a health benefit and all pivotal trials show a statically significant increase in “all cause severe morbidity" in the vaccinated group compared to the placebo group. The Moderna immunized group suffered 3,042 more severe events than the control group (p=0.00001). The Pfizer data was grossly incomplete but data provided showed the vaccination group suffered 90 more severe events than the control group (p=0.000014), when only including “unsolicited” adverse events. The Janssen immunized group suffered 264 more severe events than the control group (p=0.00001). These findings contrast the manufacturers’ inappropriate surrogate endpoints: Janssen claims that their vaccine prevents 6 cases of severe COVD-19 requiring medical attention out of 19,630 immunized; Pfizer claims their vaccine prevents 8 cases of severe COVID-19 out of 21,720 immunized; Moderna claims its vaccine prevents 30 cases of severe COVID-19 out of 15,210 immunized. Based on this data it is all but a certainty that mass COVID-19 immunization is hurting the health of the population in general. Scientific principles dictate that the mass immunization with COVID-19 vaccines must be halted immediately because we face a looming vaccine induced public health catastrophe.
Hidden Horror Challenges for Oral Mucormycosis with COVID 19 Patients Case Series Original Study
Authors: Al-Rawee Rawaa Y. , Saeed Ali Mohammad , Tariq Alomari Ahmed khaldoon , Tawfeeq Bashar Abdul-Ghani , Saeed Saud Salim
Published: February 2022

Authors: Rawaa Y. Al-Rawee, Ali Mohammad Saeed, Ahmed khaldoon Tariq Alomari, Bashar Abdul-Ghani Tawfeeq, Saud Salim Saeed. Purpose: Explore the early identification significance of mucormycosis in Covid 19 patients and highlighting the role of MDT cooperation in reducing mortality and morbidity rate. Material and Method: Forty-three patients are included in this study as mucormycosis infection with diabetes mellitus (MID) divided in 2 groups: group 1: 15 patients recorded to have mucormycosis infection with diabetesmellitus only (MID), group 2: 28 patients recorded to have previous Covid attack added to mucormycosis infection with diabetes mellitus (CMID). Result: Mann-Whitney Test and Wilcoxon W test are used for detection of significant differences between 2 groups where z value considers less than 0.5 to be significant. Severity and stages confirm high significant difference between MID and CMID (0.042, 0.000) while prognosis confirm no significant differences (0.521). Conclusion: Diabetic patients are more prone to have viral and bacterial infections make them need special care. COVID-19 with the immune dysregulation is concomitant with a significant prevalence of fungal infections as secondary attacks; early diagnosis and management can help in reduce subsequently mortality and morbidity.
Populasi Sel Jamur Dalam Media Dextrose Kentang Dengan Penambahan Sumber Energi S
Authors: Fatimah Siti , Syauqi Ahmad , Lisminingsih Ratna Djuniwati
Published: February 2022

The growth of fungi can be influenced by nutrients is in the environment, With the additional two kinds of nutrients from sugar plant waste of molasses, and waste of the pepaya taken the filtrate. Both of these wastes contain sugar which is needed by fungal microorganisms to grow and reproduce. The fungus Aspergillus niger, Hansenulla sp, Trichoderma viride, and Candida sp have a synergy interaction in a media. This study aims to learn in the growth of fungal cell populations as cell masses in potato dextrose media with the addition of two kinds of nutrients. The method used in this study was a two-population mean test with 2 treatments, namely the first treatment with the addition of sugarcane drops, and the next with the addition of papaya fruit filtrate, consisting of 11 replications, with incubation for 3 days. The analysis used was the T test and the analysis results obtained were significant, which was shown from P> 0.05. The mass of fungi cells in the addition of nutrients from sugar factory waste was greater than that of papaya fruit filtrate waste
Uji Aktivitas Antibakteri Ekstrak Etanol Bunga Telang (Clitoria ternatea L.) Terhadap Bakteri Staphylococcus epidermidis
Authors: Pertiwi Fernanda Desmak , Rezaldi Firman , Puspitasari Ranny
Published: February 2022

Telang flower (Clitoria ternatea L.) is a plant that has antibacterial properties. The chemical content contained in it which is antibacterial is flavonoids, alkaloids, tannins, saponins and terpenoids. Staphylococcus epdiermidis is one of the bacteria that causes various infections including mild skin infections accompanied by abscess formation. This study aims to test the activity of the telang flower by maceration using 70% ethanol as a solvent. For antibacterial testing with the disk diffusion method. Extracts are made in various concentrations of 10%, 15%, 20%. The positive control used was Chloramphenicol. The results of this study were the average inhibition zone of the telang flower extract against Staphylococcus epidermidis bacteria was 2.31 mm at a concentration of 10%, 3.05 mm at a concentration of 15%, and 6.2 mm at a concentration of 20%. These results indicate that the telang flower extract has antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus epidermidis bacteria, although the inhibition produced is not strong. At a concentration of 20% telang flower extract had the greatest inhibition on the growth of Staphylococcus epidermidis bacteria than the concentrations of 10% and 15%.
Analisis Molecular Docking Senyawa dari Jamur Endofit Bawang Dayak (Eleutherine bulbosa) Sebagai Inhibitor Lipase Pankreas
Authors: Naibaho Frans Grovy , Putra Ebrry Dwi , Panjaitan4 Desimaria , Wardhana Vinsen Willi
Published: February 2022

Nowadays some efforts are being made to reduce obesity by using drugs that aim to reduce appetite of the drug users. However, the use of drugs still has harmful side effects. Endophytic fungi originating from the Dayak onion plant are thought to have secondary metabolites that have potential as anti-obesity. The aims of this study were to determine the compounds produced by endophytic fungi of Dayak onion and to determine the potential components as inhibitors of pancreatic lipase enzymes. Samples of Dayak onions were collected from Palangka Raya using purposive sampling method.  Isolation of endophytic fungi was conducted using surface sterilization method and the isolates were grown on PDA. Isolates were characterized and fermented on PDB for 14 days. The selected isolate was analyzed by using GCMS then molecular docking was performed using Autodock Vina and PyRx. The research results showed that there were 7 isolates of endophytic fungi isolated from leaves and roots tissues of Dayak onion. GCMS analysis showed that EBD1 contains 38 compounds. Molecular docking analysis showed that 1,3-Di-O-Acetylpentopyranose, a test ligand, has the closest binding affinity value (-6.6 kcal/mol) to orlistat (control) (-6.8 kcal/mol). Thus, it has the potential as an inhibitor of pancreatic lipase enzyme protein.
PELATIHAN DAN PENDAMPINGAN PENYUSUNAN PROPOSAL PENELITIAN TINDAKAN KELAS (PTK) BAGI GURU MA AL HUDA WAJAK KABUPATEN MALANG
Authors: Sumarsilah Siti , Rachman Anita Kurnia , Susandi Susandi
Published: February 2022

Classroom Action Research (CAR) is one of the studies that teachers must make. This research is one proof of teacher professionalism. This Classroom Action Research (CAR) aims to assist teachers in solving problems experienced when teaching and learning activities in the classroom. The activity of preparing a classroom action research proposal was one of the community service activities carried out by the Lecturer of the Indonesian Language and Literature Study Program in collaboration with MA AL Huda Wajak Malang Regency. This service activity originated from the problems faced by partners, namely the teacher did not understand the importance of classroom action research and the techniques for preparing classroom action research proposals. This service activity was carried out for three days with a schedule of activities on the first day of providing material about Classroom Action Research and Classroom Action Research Proposal Formulation. The second and third day carried out activities through the proposal clinic. This activity was attended by Mr. and Mrs. MA AL teacher Huda Wajak. Proposal writing activities through proposal clinics can help teachers understand classroom action research and the preparation of classroom action research proposals.
PELATIHAN SCRAPBOOK ART SEDERHANA BERTEMA ALAM UNTUK MENINGKATKAN KETRAMPILAN MOTORIK HALUS ANAK
Authors: Fitriani Enis , Maharani Tisa , Marsuki Marsuki
Published: February 2022

Fine motor skills are needed by early childhood considering that fine motor skills are one part of the stages of child development. The objectives to be achieved in this Community Service program were to provide information, provide understanding, and provide experience in making scrapbook art to improve the fine motor skills of children at RA Sirrul Khuluq, Malang Regency. The target in this program was the teachers. This program had been carried out in the form of training where teachers get information or theories about scrapbooking and fine motor skills in children in general and provide understanding and experience about simple and interesting scrapbook art suitable for children with appropriate natural themes. It can be concluded that this community service activity has been successfully proven by the enthusiasm of the teachers to ask questions, share experiences, discussion, and participate in scrapbooking.
Çin'de Çocuğa Yönelik Bakış Açısının Tarihsel Değişimi ve Gelişimi
Authors: KARAKAŞ Gözde
Published: February 2022

Çin'in tarihsel gelişimi, çocuğa yönelik bakış açısında yaşanan değişmeleri içinde barındırmaktadır. Bu değişimler Çin'de Klasik dönem, Qing hanedanlığının son dönemi ve Dört Mayıs Dönemi üzerinden açık bir şekilde görülmektedir. Geleneksel feodal Çin kültürünün ve ahlak öğretilerinin toplumsal hayata şekil verdiği Klasik Dönemde, toplumsallığın ön planda olması insanın birey olarak var olmasını engellemiştir. Toplumun en alt tabakasında bulunan çocuk, ebeveynlerine koşulsuz olarak itaat etmekle yükümlü kılınmıştır. Qing hanedanlığının son döneminde (1840- 1912), yurtdışında eğitim gören Çinli aydınlar ve reformcular, Batı'nın düşünce kültürüne temas etmişlerdir. Bunun sonucunda, binlerce yıldır göz ardı edilen çocuğun ülkenin yok olmaktan kurtarılmasındaki rolü üzerine yoğunlaşmışladır. Bu süreçte yapılan çalışmalar, çocuğun toplumda bir birey olduğu düşüncesinin filizlenmesine büyük katkı sağlamıştır. Dört Mayıs Döneminde (1919-1921), Yeni Kültür Hareketi'nin doğuşuyla birlikte geleneksel feodal kültüre şiddetli bir darbe vurulmuştur. Demokrasi, özgürlük, eşitlik, hümanizm vb. modern düşüncelerin yaygınlaştığı bu dönemde, çocuk birey olarak bağımsızlığına tam anlamıyla kavuşmuştur. Bu çalışmada, Çin'de çocuğa yönelik bakış açısının tarihsel değişimi ve gelişimi Klasik Dönem, Qing hanedanlığının son dönemi ve Dört Mayıs Dönemi üzerinden sergilenecektir. Tarihi süreçte, çocuğun siyasal ve toplumsal yaşamda giderek artan önemine dikkat çekilerek çocuğun keşfinin ve bağımsızlığının Çin'in modernleşme yolundaki öneminin ortaya konması amaçlanmaktadır. Çalışma, Çin'in tarihsel gelişiminin çocuğa bakış açısı üzerinden değerlendirilmesi bakımından önem taşımaktadır.
Kadınların Fiziksel Aktiviteye Katılımında Serbest Zamanın Anlamı ve Kültür
Authors: PARLAKYILDIZ Sinem , KOÇAK Funda
Published: February 2022

Bu çalışmanın amacı kadınların serbest zamanda fiziksel aktiviteye katılımında serbest zamanın anlamını ve kültürün etkisini ortaya koyabilmektir. Bu amaç doğrultusunda kadınlar için serbest zamanın anlamı kültürlere göre incelenerek fiziksel aktivitenin serbest zamandaki yeri tartışılmıştır. Farklı kültürlere göre değerlendirildiğinde, serbest zamanın bireysel ve toplumsal olarak farklı anlamlara geldiğini söylemek mümkündür. Serbest zamanın anlamının genellikle etnosentrik olduğu, ancak serbest zamanın anlamına ilişkin kültürlere özgü kapsamlı çalışmalara ihtiyaç olduğu görülmektedir. Literatür incelendiğinde çok çeşitli ve farklı coğrafi alanlarda yaşayan, farklı sosyo-ekonomik statüde olan, çalışan veya çalışmayan kadınların spor ve fiziksel aktiviteye katılımlarında karşılaştıkları engeller benzerlikler taşımaktadır. Bu benzerliğin nedeni olarak kadına biçilen toplumsal roller ve kadınlar tarafından üstlenilen rollerin yoğunluğu kadınların fiziksel aktiviteye katılımda belirleyici rol oynamaktadır. Yapılan çalışmalar incelendiğinde ise, kadınların fiziksel aktiviteye katılımla pek çok sosyal ve psikolojik fayda elde ettikleri ancak pek çok kültürde kadınların serbest zamanı pasif geçirme eğiliminde oldukları görülmektedir. Ayrıca kadınların fiziksel aktiviteye katılımda çeşitli yapısal, kişisel ve kişilerarası engelle karşılaştıkları tespit edilmiştir.
Porous Bioactive Prosthesis With Chitosan/Mesoporous Silica Nanoparticles Microspheres Sequentially and Sustainedly Releasing Platelet-Derived Growth Factor-BB and Kartogenin: A New Treatment Strategy for Osteoarticular Lesions
Authors: Yuan Zhiguo , Lyu Zhuocheng , Zhang Wei , Zhang Jue , Wang You
Published: February 2022

Osteochondral lesions represent a major clinical challenge, especially in the elderly. Traditional treatment strategies, such as arthroplasty or tissue engineering, have limitations and drawbacks. In this study, we presented a new treatment concept for the application of an innovative porous bioactive prosthesis with regenerative activity for the treatment of osteoarticular lesions. For regenerative activity, we fabricated chitosan/mesoporous silica nanoparticles (CS/MSNs) composite microspheres via the microfluidic method as a dual-factor carrier for the sequential release of platelet-derived growth factor BB (PDGF-BB) and kartogenin (KGN). We then integrated the factor carrier and a nondegradable polyetheretherketone (PEEK) scaffold through a surface modification technique to construct the porous sulfonated PEEK (SPK) @polydopamine (polydopamine)-CS/MSNs scaffold. We systematically evaluated the biocompatibility and biofunctionality of the SPK@PDA-CS/MSNs scaffold and implanted the scaffold in an in vivo cartilage defect model in rabbits. These results suggest that the SPK@PDA-CS/MSNs scaffold is biocompatible, promotes cell migration, enhances chondrogenic differentiation of BMSCs in vitro, and promotes cartilage regeneration in vivo. The porous bioactive prosthesis with regenerative activity presented first in this study may comprise a new therapeutic concept for osteoarticular lesions.
Options to Improve the Action of PROTACs in Cancer: Development of Controlled Delivery Nanoparticles
Authors: Juan Alberto , del Mar Noblejas-López María , Arenas-Moreira María , Alonso-Moreno Carlos , Ocaña Alberto
Published: February 2022

Classical targeting in cancer focuses on the development of chemical structures able to bind to protein pockets with enzymatic activity. Some of these molecules are designed to bind the ATP side of the kinase domain avoiding protein activation and the subsequent oncogenic activity. A further improvement of these agents relies on the generation of non-allosteric inhibitors that once bound are able to limit the kinase function by producing a conformational change at the protein and, therefore, augmenting the antitumoural potency. Unfortunately, not all oncogenic proteins have enzymatic activity and cannot be chemically targeted with these types of molecular entities. Very recently, exploiting the protein degradation pathway through the ubiquitination and subsequent proteasomal degradation of key target proteins has gained momentum. With this approach, non-enzymatic proteins such as Transcription Factors can be degraded. In this regard, we provide an overview of current applications of the PROteolysis TArgeting Chimeras (PROTACs) compounds for the treatment of solid tumours and ways to overcome their limitations for clinical development. Among the different constraints for their development, improvements in bioavailability and safety, due to an optimized delivery, seem to be relevant. In this context, it is anticipated that those targeting pan-essential genes will have a narrow therapeutic index. In this article, we review the advantages and disadvantages of the potential use of drug delivery systems to improve the activity and safety of PROTACs.
Nonmuscle Myosin II is Required for Larval Shell Formation in a Patellogastropod
Authors: Liu Xinyu , Huan Pin , Liu Baozhong
Published: February 2022

The molecular mechanisms underlying larval shell development in mollusks remain largely elusive. We previously found evident filamentous actin (F-actin) aggregations in the developing shell field of the patellogastropod Lottia goshimai, indicating roles of actomyosin networks in the process. In the present study, we functionally characterized nonmuscle myosin II (NM II), the key molecule in actomyosin networks, in the larval shell development of L. goshimai. Immunostaining revealed general colocalization of phosphorylated NM II and F-actin in the shell field. When inhibiting the phosphorylation of NM II using the specific inhibitor blebbistatin in one- or 2-h periods during shell field morphogenesis (6–8 h post-fertilization, hpf), the larval shell plate was completely lost in the veliger larva (24 hpf). Scanning electron microscopy revealed that the nascent larval shell plate could not be developed in the manipulated larvae (10 hpf). Further investigations revealed that key events in shell field morphogenesis were inhibited by blebbistatin pulses, including invagination of the shell field and cell shape changes and cell rearrangements during shell field morphogenesis. These factors caused the changed morphology of the shell field, despite the roughly retained “rosette” organization. To explore whether the specification of related cells was affected by blebbistatin treatments, we investigated the expression of four potential shell formation genes (bmp2/4, gata2/3, hox1 and engrailed). The four genes did not show evident changes in expression level, indicating unaffected cell specification in the shell field, while the gene expression patterns showed variations according to the altered morphology of the shell field. Together, our results reveal that NM II contributes to the morphogenesis of the shell field and is crucial for the formation of the larval shell plate in L. goshimai. These results add to the knowledge of the mechanisms of molluskan shell development.
Integrative Genome-Wide DNA Methylome and Transcriptome Analysis of Ovaries from Hu Sheep with High and Low Prolific
Authors: Yao Xiaolei , Li Fengzhe , Wei Zongyou , EI-Samahy M. A. , Feng Xu , Yang Fan , Wang Feng
Published: February 2022

DNA methylation plays an important role in biological processes by affecting gene expression. However, how DNA methylation regulates phenotypic variation in Hu sheep remains unclear. Therefore, we generated genome-wide DNA methylation and transcriptomic profiles in the ovaries of Hu sheep with different prolificacies and genotypes (FecBB and FecB+). Results showed that ovary DNA methylome and transcriptome were significantly different between high prolificacy and low prolificacy Hu sheep. Comparative methylome analyses identified 10,644, 9,594, and 12,214 differentially methylated regions and 87, 1,121, and 2,375 genes, respectively, showing differential expression levels in three different comparison groups. Female reproduction-associated differentially methylated regions-related genes and differentially expressed genes were enriched, thereby the respective interaction networks were constructed. Furthermore, systematical integrative analyses revealed a negative correlation between DNA methylation around the transcriptional start site and gene expression levels, which was confirmed by testing the expression of integrin β2 subunit (ITGB2) and lysosome-associated protein transmembrane-4 beta (LAPTM4B) in vivo and in vitro. These findings demonstrated that DNA methylation influences the propensity for prolificacy by affecting gene expression in the ovaries, which may contribute to a greater understanding of the epigenome and transcriptome that will be useful for animal breeding.
Structural Predictions of the SNX-RGS Proteins Suggest They Belong to a New Class of Lipid Transfer Proteins
Authors: Paul Blessy , Weeratunga Saroja , Tillu Vikas A. , Hariri Hanaa , Henne W. Mike , Collins Brett M.
Published: February 2022

Recent advances in protein structure prediction using machine learning such as AlphaFold2 and RosettaFold presage a revolution in structural biology. Genome-wide predictions of protein structures are providing unprecedented insights into their architecture and intradomain interactions, and applications have already progressed towards assessing protein complex formation. Here we present detailed analyses of the sorting nexin proteins that contain regulator of G-protein signalling domains (SNX-RGS proteins), providing a key example of the ability of AlphaFold2 to reveal novel structures with previously unsuspected biological functions. These large proteins are conserved in most eukaryotes and are known to associate with lipid droplets (LDs) and sites of LD-membrane contacts, with key roles in regulating lipid metabolism. They possess five domains, including an N-terminal transmembrane domain that anchors them to the endoplasmic reticulum, an RGS domain, a lipid interacting phox homology (PX) domain and two additional domains named the PXA and PXC domains of unknown structure and function. Here we report the crystal structure of the RGS domain of sorting nexin 25 (SNX25) and show that the AlphaFold2 prediction closely matches the experimental structure. Analysing the full-length SNX-RGS proteins across multiple homologues and species we find that the distant PXA and PXC domains in fact fold into a single unique structure that notably features a large and conserved hydrophobic pocket. The nature of this pocket strongly suggests a role in lipid or fatty acid binding, and we propose that these molecules represent a new class of conserved lipid transfer proteins.
Advances in MALDI Mass Spectrometry Imaging Single Cell and Tissues
Authors: Zhu Xiaoping , Xu Tianyi , Peng Chen , Wu Shihua
Published: February 2022

Compared with conventional optical microscopy techniques, mass spectrometry imaging (MSI) or imaging mass spectrometry (IMS) is a powerful, label-free analytical technique, which can sensitively and simultaneously detect, quantify, and map hundreds of biomolecules, such as peptides, proteins, lipid, and other organic compounds in cells and tissues. So far, although several soft ionization techniques, such as desorption electrospray ionization (DESI) and secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS) have been used for imaging biomolecules, matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI) is still the most widespread MSI scanning method. Here, we aim to provide a comprehensive review of MALDI-MSI with an emphasis on its advances of the instrumentation, methods, application, and future directions in single cell and biological tissues.
Effect of Exercise Prescription Implementation Rate on Cardiovascular Events
Authors: Zhu Li-Yue , Li Min-Yan , Li Kun-Hui , Yang Xiao , Yang Yi-Yong , Zhao Xiao-Xia , Yan Ting , Li Meng-Meng , Luo Si-Qi , Zhang Mu-Lan , Su Jin-Zi
Published: February 2022

Background

Exercise prescription of cardiac rehabilitation (CR) is vital in patients with cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) and those carrying high risk for CVDs. However, the relation between the implementation rate of exercise prescription and cardiovascular events (CVEs) is unclear.

Design and Methods

In this retrospective study, using the administration data from the Rehabilitation Center in a hospital, patients aged ≥18 years with CVDs were consecutively enrolled from November 2018 to May 2021. Patients were divided into the high execution group (HEG) and low execution group (LEG) depending on whether they completed more than half the time of the exercise prescriptions. Baseline characteristics, ultrasonic cardiogram, cardiopulmonary exercise test, follow-up data, and CVEs were collected.

Results

The mean age of the 197 CR patients was 61.8 ± 13.7 years and the mean follow-up duration was 10.9 ± 4.2 months. Among them, 15 patients suffered CVEs: 4 in the HEG and 11 in the LEG. The incidence of CVEs showed significant differences between HEG and LEG (chi-square test). Free-event survival analysis using Kaplan–Meier survival plots showed that patients in LEG had poor survival. Cox proportional hazards regression analysis revealed that the prescription implementation rate was an independent predictor of CVEs.

Conclusions

Our study suggested a significant effect of exercise prescription execution rate on the occurrence of CVEs. Further, the HEG of exercise prescription was associated with lower CVDs.
Computed-Tomography as First-line Diagnostic Procedure in Patients With Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest
Authors: Adel John , Akin Muharrem , Garcheva Vera , Vogel-Claussen Jens , Bauersachs Johann , Napp L. Christian , Schäfer Andreas
Published: February 2022

Background

Mortality after out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) with return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC) remains high despite numerous efforts to improve outcome. For patients with suspected coronary cause of arrest, coronary angiography is crucial. However, there are other causes and potentially life-threatening injuries related to cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR), which can be detected by routine computed tomography (CT).

Materials and Methods

At Hannover Medical School, rapid coronary angiography and CT are performed in successfully resuscitated OHCA patients as a standard of care prior to admission to intensive care. We analyzed all patients who received CT following OHCA with ROSC over a three-year period.

Results

There were 225 consecutive patients with return of spontaneous circulation following out-of-hospital cardiac arrest. Mean age was 64 ± 13 years, 75% were male. Of them, 174 (77%) had witnessed arrest, 145 (64%) received bystander CPR, and 123 (55%) had a primary shockable rhythm. Mean time to ROSC was 24 ± 20 min. There were no significant differences in CT pathologies in patients with or without ST-segment elevations in the initial ECG. Critical CT findings qualifying as a potential cause for cardiac arrest were intracranial bleeding (N = 6), aortic dissection (N = 5), pulmonary embolism (N = 17), pericardial tamponade (N = 3), and tension pneumothorax (N = 11). Other pathologies were regarded as consequences of CPR and relevant for further treatment: aspiration (N = 62), rib fractures (N = 161), sternal fractures (N = 50), spinal fractures (N = 11), hepatic bleeding (N = 12), and intra-abdominal air (N = 3).

Conclusion

Early CT fallowing OHCA uncovers a high number of causes and consequences of OHCA and CPR. Those are relevant for post-arrest care and are frequently life-threatening, suggesting that CT can contribute to improving prognosis following OHCA.
Elevation of Hemoglobin A1c Increases the Atherosclerotic Plaque Vulnerability and the Visit-to-Visit Variability of Lipid Profiles in Patients Who Underwent Elective Percutaneous Coronary Intervention
Authors: Li Duanbin , Li Ya , Wang Cao , Jiang Hangpan , Zhao Liding , Hong Xulin , Lin Maoning , Luan Yi , Shen Xiaohua , Chen Zhaoyang , Zhang Wenbin
Published: February 2022

Background

Increased plaque vulnerability and higher lipid variability are causes of adverse cardiovascular events. Despite a close association between glucose and lipid metabolisms, the influence of elevated glycated hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) on plaque vulnerability and lipid variability remains unclear.

Methods

Among subjects undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) from 2009 through 2019, 366 patients received intravascular optical coherence tomography (OCT) assessment and 4,445 patients underwent the scheduled follow-ups within 1 year after PCI. Vulnerability features of culprit vessels were analyzed by OCT examination, including the assessment of lipid, macrophage, calcium, and minimal fibrous cap thickness (FCT). Visit-to-visit lipid variability was determined by different definitions including standard deviation (SD), coefficient of variation (CV), and variability independent of the mean (VIM). Multivariable linear regression analysis was used to verify the influence of HbA1c on plaque vulnerability features and lipid variability. Exploratory analyses were also performed in non-diabetic patients.

Results

Among enrolled subjects, the pre-procedure HbA1c was 5.90 ± 1.31%, and the average follow-up HbA1c was 5.98 ± 1.16%. By OCT assessment, multivariable linear regression analyses demonstrated that patients with elevated HbA1c had a thinner minimal FCT (β = −6.985, P = 0.048), greater lipid index (LI) (β = 226.299, P = 0.005), and higher macrophage index (β = 54.526, P = 0.045). Even in non-diabetic patients, elevated HbA1c also linearly decreased minimal FCT (β = −14.011, P = 0.036), increased LI (β = 290.048, P = 0.041) and macrophage index (β = 120.029, P = 0.048). Subsequently, scheduled follow-ups were performed during 1-year following PCI. Multivariable linear regression analyses proved that elevated average follow-up HbA1c levels increased the VIM of lipid profiles, including low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (β = 2.594, P < 0.001), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (β = 0.461, P = 0.044), non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (β = 1.473, P < 0.001), total cholesterol (β = 0.947, P < 0.001), and triglyceride (β = 4.217, P < 0.001). The result was consistent in non-diabetic patients and was verified when SD and CV were used to estimate variability.

Conclusion

In patients undergoing elective PCI, elevated HbA1c increases the atherosclerotic plaque vulnerability and the visit-to-visit variability of lipid profiles, which is consistent in non-diabetic patients.