bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Assessment of Regional Water-Human Harmony Based on ANP-Entropy Model
Authors: Wang Mei , Tang De Shan , Ahmad Ijaz , Zhang Jin Xin
Published: November 2014

Aiming at interactions between human system and water system, a new evaluation system for water-human harmony index (WHHI) was built on the base of triple criteria: Natural water cycle’s health degree (NWHD), Social water cycle’s rationality degree (SWRD) and Human-to-water fitness degree (HWFD). Analytic Network Process (ANP) and Entropy Mothed were applied to the evaluation model for Water-human harmony degree (WHHD). With relevant data of WHHI in Zhangye city, Gansu province, the state of the water-human relationship in Zhangye was assessed from each criterion angle and the result showed that water-human harmony situation as a whole was on the upswing, while the trouble of natural water cycle’s health was the biggest shortcoming in the process of harmonious development. This evaluation model can satisfy practical applications and reflect regional objective reality on water-human relationship, which has a certain guiding significance for regional water resource management.
Preservation of Forest Biodiversity – A Key Factor of Sustainable Development of a Territory
Authors: Lebedev Yuriy Vladimirovitch , Anufriev Valery Pavlovitch , Lebedeva Tatyana Anatolyevna
Published: November 2014

The fundamental scientific concepts of ecologically sustainable development of territories and biotic regulation in surrounding environment are considered. The characteristic of genetic, specific and ecosystem levels of biodiversity of forests in the Ural region of Russia is given; the quantitative assessment of change of forest areas in the Urals over the last 50 years is presented.
Use of Soluble Phosphates to Stabilize Lead Contaminated Soils
Authors: Zhong Zhong , Sun Ying Jun , Lao Hui Min , Zhang Chi
Published: November 2014

Lead pollution, commonly found in lead-acid battery plants or electroplating manufactures, has drawn more and more attention due to its intrinsic toxicity to human health and potential disturbances to local ecological system. Soluble phosphates showed great advantages over other inorganic stabilizers and could provide a rapid, cost-effective approach for lead contaminated sites, despite of complex contaminants presence and heterogeneity distribution of contamination. Chemical stabilization using soluble phosphates was demonstrated by immobilize both lab samples and on-site samples from a local lead contaminated site in this study. The soil samples were mixed with soluble phosphates and stabilized for selected intervals, while adding supplements for the purpose of pH control and solidification. Experiments for treatment duration and immobilization rate in comparison with other stabilizers were also investigated to provide guidance for following demonstration project. Soil samples were analyzed before and after the treatments to compare lead immobilization rates under different circumstances. The results suggested that 90% of lead in lab soil samples was stabilized after one day treatment with phosphates, while on-site soil samples took another 30 to 50 days due to their complexity. Phosphates treatment showed great consistence over all the soil samples after 50 days in contrast with the performance of lime treatment and ferrous sulfate stabilization. It is recommended that the stabilization duration for the specific site should be longer than 30 days, at an average cost of stabilization per ton of soil around 300 RMB. This study demonstrated the use of soluble phosphates in pilot-scale lead pollution remediation, as well as the possibility of extending the remediation concept for other heavy metal contamination scenarios. In addition, chemical stabilization could also be combined with other remediation technology in future due to its simplicity and convenience.
Comparison of Dynamic Mechanical Properties between Pure Iron (BCC) and Fe-30Mn-3Si-4Al TWIP Steel (FCC)
Authors: Bao Wei Ping , Xiong Zhi Ping , Wang Fu Ming , Shu Jian , Ren Xue Ping
Published: November 2014

Dynamic mechanical properties and microstructures of pure iron and Fe-30Mn-3Si-4Al TWIP (TWinning Induced Plasticity) steel were conducted by SHPB (Split-Hopkinson Pressure Bar), OM (Optical Microscopy) and TEM (Transmission Electron Microscope), at the strain rate ranging from 102 to 105 s-1 and at room temperature. The effect of high strain rate on the mechanical responses of pure iron and Fe-30Mn-3Si-4Al TWIP steel belonging to BCC (Body Centered Cubic) and FCC (Face Centered Cubic) structures respectively was evaluated. The comparison of deformation mechanism was analyzed between them and it concluded that dislocation gliding is a major deformation mechanism in pure iron with BCC structure and deformation twinning plays a significant role in Fe-30Mn-3Si-4Al TWIP steel with FCC structure.
The Characteristics of Optical Pumped GaN-Based Vertical Cavity Surface Emitting Laser Structures
Authors: He Yi Ting , Lei Xiao Yan , Qiu Zhi Ren , Zhang Bao Ping , Lu Na , Ferguson Ian T. , Feng Zhe Chuan
Published: November 2014

Time-resolved photoluminescence spectra of vertical cavity surface emitting laser (VCSEL) structures under different excitation intensity are investigated. The effect of the distributed Bragg reflectors (DBR) on the laser emission and the mechanism of multi-longitudinal-mode are analysed. A broad peak around 2.80eV is observed from the structure without DBR cavity when pumped under low excitation intensity. At higher excitation density up to 21.4kW/cm2, a lasing peak appears at 2.86eV, and exhibits a rapid growth and red shift with the increase of the excitation density. The decay time of the peak is about 66ps. When the spectrum is measured after the deposition of DBR on the top side of the grown nitride structure, the number of peaks increases to 7, and the free spectral range 0.21×1014 Hz is close to the value that calculated by the Fabry-Perot cavity length. After depositing the second DBR, multi PL peaks around 2.87eV are observed. The relationship of laser emission intensity and angle of the polarizer shows nearly a cosine square variation. However, the polarization characteristics of the four main peaks are different, which indicates that these peaks occurr by the oscillation of different optical cavities.
Large-Scale Synthesis of Large-Sized Monodispersed Iron Oxide Nanoeggs
Authors: Liu Xiao Li , Ding Jun
Published: November 2014

Single-crystal hematite (α-Fe2O3) nanoeggs are firstly synthesized using an anion-assisted hydrothermal method. By adjusting the ratios of phosphate to ferric ions, we are able to produce an egg-like nanostructure. And then α-Fe2O3nanoeggs are converted to magnetite (Fe3O4) by a chemical reduction while preserving the same morphology. The characterizations of Fe3O4nanoeggs indicate Fe3O4nanoeggs with uniform size and shape are successful synthesized. Our results provide an easily scaled-up method for preparing tailor-made large-sized iron oxide nanoeggs that could meet the demands of a variety of applications.
Microstructure and Thermal Shock Behaviour of Alumina Composite Ceramic for Heat Transmission Pipeline
Authors: Xu Xiao Hong , Xu Xiao Yang , Wu Jian Feng , Zhou Yang , He De Zhi
Published: November 2014

Al2O3 composite ceramics materials used for heat transmission pipeline were prepared by pressureless sintering in air. Calcined bauxite, talc and commercial alumina powder were used as the main raw materials, partially stabilized zirconia was also added to improve the thermal shock resistance of the samples. The effects of composition and sintering temperature on density, phase composition, microstructure and thermal shock behavior of samples were evaluated. It shows that the B2 sample which was sintered at 1400 °C for 2 h has optimal properties with porosity 0.4%, bulk density 3.2 g•cm-3.The bending strength increases 19.46 MPa after 30 times thermal shock cycles from 1100 °C to room temperature. The main phases of B2 are corundum and spinel, meanwhile, a small amount of monoclinic zirconia and α-quartz are also detected according to XRD pattern. Microstructure analysis reveals that spinel crystals are interlocked by prismatic corundum crystals, bright white beaded monoclinic zirconia particles are distributed uniformly, and it is beneficial to improve the thermal shock resistance of sample.
Temperature Influences on Frictional Coefficient of Electrostatically Sprayed PTFE/PEEK Composite Coatings
Authors: Zhang Jian Qun , Ming Er Yang , Zhang Chao Hui , Xu Jie , Liu Hua
Published: November 2014

Composite coatings of PTFE/PEEK (Polytetrafluoroethylene/Polyetheretherketone) were prepared by electrostatic powder spraying method. The frictional coefficient were investigated by the orthogonal experimental method. The results show that 250°C preheating temperature and 150°C working temperature are better conditions for frictional coefficient.
The Dispersion Stability of Polyacrylic Copolymers with Three Anionic Sulfonic Groups on Nano Zinc Oxide
Authors: Liu Yue Long , Liu Jia
Published: November 2014

Three anionic sulfonic groups are used as monomers to synthesize sodium polyacrylic copolymers by radical polymerization process. The anionic sulfonic groups are: sodium acrylic sulfonate (SAS), sodium styrene sulfonate (SSS) and 2-acrylamide-2-methyl propane sulfonic acid (AMPS), the redox initiator are ammonium persulfate and sodium bisulfite, the chain transfer agent is sodium bisulfite. The influence of different anionic sulfonic groups on dispersion stability of nanozinc oxide has been discussed.
Preparation Process Analysis on BN Powder with High Specific Surface Area
Authors: Yao Pu Yu , Zhao Bin , Xu Juan
Published: November 2014

The BN powder with high specific surface area was successfully prepared using an airtight high-temperature reactor with NH3 as the reaction atmosphere and protective atmosphere. The influences of raw material ratio and reaction temperature on the specific surface area of obtained BN powder were investigated through the analysis on the powder yield, purity and specific surface area. The results shows both of raw material ratio and reaction temperature have influence on the specific surface area of BN powder. And the reaction temperature has more influence. More important, the BN powder with a specific surface area of 279.62m2/g and an average pore diameter of 4.19nm was obtained by the optimum process.
Study on the Test of Fatigue Life Prediction for X80 Line Pipe
Authors: Ma Qiu Rong , Li Yang , Yang Kun
Published: November 2014

This paper researched the test of fatigue crack propagation of grade X80 submerged arc welded pipes. According to the test results, analyzed and calculated the fatigue life of submerged arc welded pipes for X80 with half elliptical crack defects at the simulated work condition of shutdown. On a single simulated work condition, the fatigue life of submerged arc welded pipes for X80 with Ф1219×22.0mm is 62 years, which had enough safety margin for fatigue life.
Synthesis of Silicalite-1 Membrane with High-Thermal Stability on Silica Tubes by In Situ Hydrothermal Synthesis
Authors: Chen Hong Liang , Yang Bin Bin , Yang Ji Song , Wang Yan , Li Hui Ying
Published: November 2014

Silicalite-1 membranes with high-thermal stability were prepared on silica tubes by two-step hydrothermal synthesis after filling the tubes with water and glycerol mixtures. It was found that the filling method can improve the membrane separation performance effectively. After filling the silica tubes with mixed solution, the average flux of silicalite-1 membranes was improved by 23% while keeping the separation selectivity nearly unchanged. The results showed that the silicalite-1 membrane still showed high separation performance towards ethanol/water mixture after the repeated calcination at 400°C for 5 h, even with a calcination rate of 4 °C/min, which suggested that silica tubes may be very suitable to synthesize high-performance silicalite-1 membranes in large area.
Evaluation of the Surface Roughnes the Machined Surface of Holes during the Drilling of Stainless Steels DIN 1.4301
Authors: Jurko Jozef , Panda Anton
Published: November 2014

This paper presents conclusions the machined surface precision of holes for steel DIN 1.4301. Based on the cutting tests, cutting speeds of 40 to 100 m/min, feed rate of 0.05 to 0.5 mm and screw drill carbide monolite. The results of the article are conclusions for working theory and practice for drilling of steel DIN 1.4301.
Program Drawing the Dynamic Phase Diagrams of MnCrNiMo Type Steels
Authors: Zou Qing Hua , Zhu Li
Published: November 2014

The dynamic phase diagrams of MnCrNiMo type steel have been established and discussed, which can be applied in the practical production, and it analyzes the corresponding structures and chemical compositions. The computer calculation and drawing programs of non-equilibrium phase diagram of MnCrNiMo type steel. having been designed
Marine Engineering Steels – Properties Requirements and Evaluation
Authors: Fu Jian Xun , Chen Le , Wu Chang Jin , Wu Yan Xin
Published: November 2014

With the implementation of China's maritime strategy, the demand for marine engineering steel is increasing sharply. Due to the harsh service conditions of marine engineering steel, there are strict requirements in corrosion resistance, structural toughness, welding property, high strength and cold tolerance. This paper introduces the corrosion resistance, structural toughness and welding property of marine engineering steel in detail. Marine corrosion could be divided into uniform corrosion, pitting, crevice corrosion, impact corrosion, cavitation corrosion, galvanic corrosion, corrosion fatigue, etc. The conventional means to improve the corrosion resistance of marine engineering steel are coating, cathodic protection and improving the corrosion resistance of the steel itself. Toughness is a comprehensive embodiment of strength and plasticity. When the toughness is too low, the safety and service life decrease, while cost increase when the toughness is too high. The actual structures toughness can be reflected from the CTOD test. Welding is the most important process of marine engineering steel. The excellent design of fracture mechanics of welded joints and the reliability design theory can greatly enhance the reliability of marine engineering steel.
Effect of Fly Ash on LifeCycle CO2 Assessment of Concrete Structure
Authors: Yang Keun Hyeok , Seo Eun A , Choi Dong Uk
Published: November 2014

The objective of the present study is to ascertain the effect of fly ash (FA) on the lifecycle CO2assessment of reinforced concrete structures. The reliable lifecycle CO2assessment approach of concrete structures were established and then specified using the developed CO2a performance evaluation table. The system boundary studied was from cradle to recycling of concrete, which includes material system, concrete production, transportation, construction, use and recycling activity phases. The assumed time and regional boundaries for concrete mixes were 2012 and Seoul, South Korea, respectively. The carbonation depth of concrete and CO2uptake during use of structure and recycling phases were calculated based on the Yang et al.’s model. Using the performance evaluation table, the effect of FA on the lifecycle CO2assessment of concrete columns and beams in an office building was examined under the different concrete strengths. The parametric study clearly showed that high-strength concrete is favorable to the reduction of lifecycle CO2amount of concrete columns, whereas the reduction is not expected for concrete beams. The lifecycle CO2amount of concrete structures decreases with the increase in the substitution level of FA up to 20%, beyond which the decreasing rate is insignificant.
Research on the Evaluation Method of Water Stability for Large Size Aggregate Particle Asphalt Mixture
Authors: Sun Zhao Hui , Wang Tie Bin , Wu Ze Feng , Wang Zhi Song
Published: November 2014

Aiming at the deficiency of the current asphalt mixture test procedures using the traditional Marshall compaction molding test specimens method to evaluate water stability of asphalt mixture, large size aggregate particle asphalt mixture water stability test method, evaluation index and standard are proposed, namely the freeze-thaw cycles dynamic stability ratio index is adopted to evaluate asphalt mixture water stability, the freeze-thaw cycles dynamic stability ratio ≥ 85% is required and verified by experiment.
Calculation Method of Assimilative Capacity for Shallow-Broad Rivers
Authors: Han Long Xi , Chen Bo , Chen Li Na
Published: November 2014

When waste water is discharged into a shallow-broad river, pollutants cannot be mixed uniformly in the lateral direction, and only the 2D water quality model can be used to calculate pollutant concentration. In this paper, based on the 2D theoretical solution, a formula for the calculation of assimilative capacity for shallow-broad river is proposed.
Study of the Comprehensive Utilization of Solid Emissions of the Power Plant Based on the SWOT Analysis
Authors: Dai Feng , Chen Yan Chao , Fan Jiao , Guo Xiao Dan
Published: November 2014

The comprehensive utilization of solid emissions from power plants has arose much attention in recent years. This paper first studied the present situation of the thermal power enterprise solid emissions market in China. Then by taking China Datang Tongzhou Technology Company as an example, its strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats were analyzed. Finally, based on the SWOT analysis, this paper put forward the effective methods to enhance the comprehensive utilization of solid wastes as well as the future development strategy of the company.
Research on the Preliminary Site Selection of Sewage Treatment by Deep Sea Discharge in Fujian Province
Authors: Chen Tao , Li Xin
Published: November 2014

Deep sea discharge engineering is a main sewage treatment means nearshore district, which has a characteristic of lower construction and operation cost. For guiding the engineering design, the preliminary site selection work need be implemented firstly. In this paper, based on the relative standard and domain planning, the preliminary site of sewage treatment by deep sea discharge is selected in the certain engineering marine of Fujian Province. A follow-up study is pointed out in the paper. The simulation of jet model and the diffusion of pollutant is the key tool for the detailed design of deep sea discharge engineering.
Effect of Green Water Management on River Base Flow
Authors: Li Jian , Yin Wei
Published: November 2014

Danjiangkou Reservoir and its upstream tributaries as water resource area is of strategic importance for the Mid-route of South-to-North Water Transfer Project. Ecological and water security are the key measures for sustainable water diversion. Green water management as a new technology to achieve water conservation and water purification has a broad application prospects. In this research, green water management such as bench terraces, contour tillage, mulching and stone line was studied in the Upper Du watershed. ArcSWAT model was used to assess effect of green water management on river base flow. The results show that four green water management measures activated the regulating action of “soil water reservoir”. Base flow in export section of Upper Du river basin is increased under different four green water management measures, and especially the base flow increased more obvious in non-flood season. That is helpful to improve the ecological security degree in water resources area.
Bus Safety Regulatory System Design Based on Internet of Vehicles Technology
Authors: Xie Lu Sheng , Chen Xiao Yu , Lin Yu Zi
Published: November 2014

To provide a reliable system for bus safety regulation, an intelligent bus safety regulatory system based on Internet of Vehicles technology was presented in this paper. By intelligent vehicle terminal and data acquisition sensor platform on the bus, all kinds of sensor data in the bus can be gathered and transferred in high-speed mobile environment. They include interior surveillance video images, bus speed, the number of people getting on or off, and the location of the bus, etc. The number of people aboard bus, getting on or off, vehicle location, the speed of buses and other conditions of real-time monitoring and early warning are realized.
Effect of Warm Mix Addictive EC120 on Asphalt Performance
Authors: Tang Xian Yuan , Deng Jia Xi , Zhang Hong Bo , Xiao Jie
Published: November 2014

In order to study the effect of warm mix addictive EC120 on asphalt performance, tests on asphalt density, penetration degree, softening point and ductility were carried out through adding various contents of EC120 to 70# paving asphalt (A grade) and SBS I-D polymer modified asphalt. The results indicate that when adding 3% content of EC120, the modification effect for these two kinds of asphalts is the best. The penetration degree of 70# paving asphalt decreases greatly than that for SBS polymer modified asphalt, but softening point increases small. The warm mix agent EC120 can improve the high-temperature stability and low-temperature anti cracking performance of asphalt. It has wide application prospect.
The Wind Power Forecast Model Based on Improved EMD and SVM
Authors: Chen Guo Chu , Zhang Xin , Guan Zhi Wei
Published: November 2014

In order to improve the predictive accuracy of short-term wind power, a prediction model based on improved empirical mode decomposition (EMD) and support vector machine (SVM) is constructed. As to the problems of basic EMD, it is proposed to use the steady point meaning sifting method instead of spline envelope meaning sifting method, to improve the overshoots/undershoots caused by traditional cubic spline interpolation. Wind power series can be decomposed into different series by improved EMD, and then SVM is used to forecast power by each component. The total wind power prediction result is obtained through reconstructing at last. Case study shows that the predictive accuracy has significantly been improved by comparing with other models.
Numerical Simulation Research on the Internal Flow of a Heat Exchanger
Authors: Wang Zi Fang , Yin Ye Bin , Ji Wei , Meng Yan , Liu Lian Sheng , Wu Jin Xiang , Wang En Yu , Gou Xiang
Published: November 2014

Spiral tube exchanger is one of the most important heat transfer devices among the electric water boilers. In this paper, CFD software is introduced to simulate the process of the flow of the spiral tube exchanger. Cases with different inlet velocities of the cold water have been conducted and results show that, temperature increment of the cold water reaches 38.87 K, 20.21 K and 12.12 K with the inlet velocity of the cold water set as 0.05 m/s, 0.09 m/s and 0.13 m/s respectively.
Analysis for Cascade Recycling of LNG Cold Energy
Authors: Xu Hui Jin , Luo Xuan , Mao Qin Jian , Gong Liang , Huang Shan Bo
Published: November 2014

Considerable cold energy embodied in liquefied natural gas (LNG) can be recycled in LNG regasification, which can not only save energy but also avoid cold pollution within the low-temperature fluid emission. Review on both domestic and overseas is conducted on the recycling of LNG cold energy in different applications. Against the single purpose utilization of LNG cold energy with a large amount of energy loss, the cascade recycling strategy is proposed for highly-efficient utilization of LNG cold energy. Based on the defined cold exergy efficiency, the exergy analysis is performed for some different recycling applications of LNG cold energy. The system exergy rate method is used to compare the superiority of modes in which the LNG is converted into NG under normal temperature. The results show that the exergy efficiency of a LNG cold energy cascade recycling system is higher than that of a single utilization system. Apart from the improved efficiency, the cascade recycling strategy can expand the applicable temperature range of LNG cold energy compared with the single utilization. Finally, the entropy and entransy for evaluating the LNG cold energy transport process are compared and discussed, from which it is indicated that entransy is more appropriate for the heat transfer process with low-temperature or large temperature difference, as is the case for LNG cold energy recycling.
Numerical Simulation Research on the Heating Process of Air by Waste Heat
Authors: Wang Zi Fang , Liu Jian Li , Liu Lian Sheng , Yin Ye Bin , Wu Jin Xiang , Wang En Yu , Gou Xiang
Published: November 2014

Flue gas of boiler is a kind of great potential waste heat resource. Relatively high temperature of exhaust has caused a vast waste of energy and serious environmental thermal pollutions. To make a full and reasonable use of the heat resource, a simplified single-tube heat exchanger is introduced in this paper. Dry air and wet air with different temperatures transfer heat with flue gas in the same model. And the results show that heat near the inner wall exchanges more violently than any other space in the heater. For dry air, the higher temperature of the air enters into the heater, the lower heat transfer effect of the heater. Heat exchange effect of the wet air with 0.03 mole fraction of water is more higher than that of dry air in this model.
Risk Assessment and Control Measures of Air Conditioning System in Large Commercial Building
Authors: Dang Wei Kang , Xia Guo Qiang , Zhong Yu Liang , Yang Lin , Sun Chun Hua , Yang Hua
Published: November 2014

The risks of air conditioning system were found out by analyzing safety accident in recent years, and the derivative and secondary disasters were identified about air conditioning system. On the basis of the theory of man-machine-environment-management of system safety analysis, the risk index system of the possibility and consequences severity was established by identifying the possibility and the consequence severity factors resulting in the occurrence of air conditioning. The risk grades were determined by using the risk matrix to conduct the risk assessment for air conditioning system of a Commercial building in Tianjin. The preventive measures and control safety measures were proposed for air conditioning system Security.
Effect of Velocity Profile on the Stability of Liquid Sheet
Authors: Duan Run Ze , Chen Zhi Ying , Yang Li Jun
Published: November 2014

An electrified liquid sheet injected into a dielectric moving through a viscous gas bounded by two horizontal parallel flat plates of a transverse electric field is investigated with the linear analysis method. The liquid sheet velocity profile and the gas boundary layer thickness are taken into account. The relationship between temporal growth rate and the wave number was obtained using linear stability analysis and solved using the Chebyshev spectral collocation method. The effects of the velocity profile on the stability of the electrified liquid sheet were revealed for both sinuous mode and varicose mode. The results show that the growth rate of the electrified Newtonian liquid is greater than that of corresponding Newtonian one under the same condition, and the growth rate of the sinuous mode is greater than that of the varicose mode. Keywords: instability; planar liquid sheet; velocity profile;spectral method;linear analysis
Study on Flow of Ionic Liquids under Electromagnetic Drive
Authors: Wan Jing , Yang Jun Qiang , Ying Zi Wei , Shen Ya Ting , Zuo Yan , Liang Zhong Cheng
Published: November 2014

Room temperature ionic liquids are new emerging materials. However, ionic liquids are applied mainly in Chemistry field and are rarely used in microfluidics although they are also good photoelectric medium material. Here ionic liquids are used as a new type of microfluidic fluids, and the flow performance of ionic liquids under electromagnetic drive is researched so as to promote their application in microfluidics. The flow rates can be up to 3.9μl/s and 9.7μl/s at applied direct-current potentials of 6 and 8 V, respectively, in a 0.5T magnetic field. Meanwhile the time performances of ionic liquids in electromagnetic field are researched. The experiment data are in accord with the theory results calculated by the numerical simulation.
Organic Solvent Extraction and Modified Aluminum Retort Experiments of an Indonesian Oil Sand
Authors: Nie Fan , He De Min , Guan Jun , Zhang Kai Shuai , Zhang Qiu Min
Published: November 2014

An oil sand of Indonesia was studied by organic solvent extraction and modified aluminum retort experiments. It was found that the toluene soluble substance of the raw sample was about 22wt% including approximate 19wt% organic compounds. Examined the extraction residue by XRD, CaCO3 was the mainly inorganic compound of the sample. And the mineral carbonates content (CO2 wt%, as received) of the raw sample accounted for 25.69%. As to aluminum retort experiments, the average yield of char, tar and water was 81.97wt%, 13.98wt% and 1.53wt% under studying temperature ranging. The optimal temperature was 520°C. Reactions without gas carrier may need higher temperature than thermogravimetric experiment which results higher gas phase pressure for mass transfer to acquiring higher tar yield.
Estimation on LTO Cycle Emissions from Aircrafts at Civil Airports
Authors: Zhang Qun , Xu Hua Sheng , Wu Yue , Sun Shun Li , Yan Dong Bo , Gui Tao
Published: November 2014

A calculation method on pollutant emission inventory is established based on the standard LTO cycle of the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) by analyzing the factors influencing aircraft engine emissions at civil aviation airports. For a certain airport in China, the emissions of HC, CO, NOx and SO2per hour for a whole day from the aircraft engines are calculated, and the variations of various pollutant emissions with time are analyzed based on the air traffic data, the civil aviation fleet composition, the flight detailed take-off and landing information at the airport, and ICAO engine emission data bank. It’s found that the variations of the pollutant emissions with time are different, in which, the emissions of HC and CO are significantly influenced by the frequency of flight arrival at airport, however, the emission of NOx is influenced by the frequency of flight departure from airport greatly, and the emission of SO2is influenced by the total frequency of flight arrival at and departure from airport comprehensively. For solving the problem of local high-emission time, some solutions are suggested, such as equipping aircrafts with low-emission engines or optimizing the flight schedule.
Numerical Simulation Study on Feasibility of Coal-Bed Methane Reservoir Commingling in Qinduan Block
Authors: Liu Yi Kun , Yan Yan , Wang Jin Ming , Xia Li Hua , Li Ting , Zhao Wen Hui
Published: November 2014

Coal-bed methane (CBM) is clean energy which owns currently the best prospects for development, its efficient development is conducive to the safety production of the coal industry. Commingling can effectively reduce the development costs of coal-bed methane, while improving the methane production. Aiming at the actual geological conditions in Qinduan block, using numerical simulation technology, establish the ideal model based on the actual geological data to make feasibility study of commingling respectively from the permeability and the initial reservoir pressure. The results show that, under the condition of reasonable control production system, the target block can be commingling.
Removal of Chloroform in Water by Three-Phase Materials: Fe0/TiO2-EP/ AC
Authors: Liu Chang , Shao Qing , Geng Li Juan
Published: November 2014

In a series of experiments, the influence of removal rate of chloroform in water were studied. It is particle sizes and dosages of zero-valence iron (Fe0), expanded perlite supported titanium dioxide (TiO2-EP) and activated carbon (AC) that were investigated in order to find the optimum conditions. The results indicate that the optimum particle size of Fe0 is 147μm. The removal rate of chloroform in water of the best mass of Fe0, TiO2-EP, AC are 37.40%, 44.70% and 37.40% respectively. Chloroform in water was determined by head space GC. The test date showed that the removal rate of chloroform steeply increases could reach 88.60% by using heterogeneous catalytic systems of Fe0/ TiO2-EP/ AC.
Removal of Mn(II) from Aqueous Solution Using Saponified Garlic Peel
Authors: Liang Bo , Zhao Wan He , Huang Kai , Zhu Hong Min
Published: November 2014

The removal of Mn (II) ion by saponified garlic peel (S-GP) was investigated using batch adsorption. SEM and FT-IR were employed to investigate the physical and chemical properties of S-GP. The adsorption was evaluated as a function of initial metal ion concentration, contact time and temperature. The maximum adsorption capacity for Mn (II) was 0.51 mol/kg, and the adsorption process followed the Langmuir model. Pseudo-second-order models fitted the experimental data well and kinetic parameters, rate constants, equilibrium sorption capacity and related correlation coefficients at various temperatures were calculated and discussed. A possible adsorption mechanism based on a cation exchange was proposed for the adsorption of Mn (II).
Investigation of Cold Start Engine Performance at Low Temperature Fuelled with Alternative Fuel
Authors: Gao Guang Xin , Yuan Zhu Lin , Yu Jian Da
Published: November 2014

In this paper, a 4 cylinder SI engine was fuelled with gasoline, M10, M30 and M85 methanol-gasoline blends, and the cold start transient performances were investigated under the ambient temperature of 15°C, -7°C, -15°C and-25°C, respectively. The engine speed curves indicate the existence of misfire and incomplete combustion, which are proved by the measured temperatures and the indicated mean effective pressure (IMEP) obtained from the cylinder pressure analyses. The addition of methanol increases the starting time at low temperature, but improves the combustion. The peak speed and the transient period increase with the increase of methanol fraction, while the speed fluctuation decreases.
Efficiency Optimization of Organic Pollutant Removal in Pharmaceutical Wastewater by Microwave-Assisted Fenton-Like Technology
Authors: Qi Xu Dong , Li Zhi Hui
Published: November 2014

Ferric sulfate or cupric nitrate was utilized as catalyst, hydrogen peroxide was utilized as oxidant, with the assistant of microwave (MW), the efficiency of Fenton-like process was improved, which included increasing TOC removal and apparent reaction rate of TOC removal, reducing the catalyst dose and oxidant dose, shortening the reaction time. Under MW radiation, the technology not only utilized dissolving ferric iron, but also used ferric flocculation, which could be seen by eyes.
Study on Photoelectric Catalysis Reduction of CO2 on a WO3 Modified Cu2O Composite Electrode
Authors: Tang Nan Feng , Liang Yan Ping
Published: November 2014

The electrochemical reduction of carbon dioxide (CO2) using WO3decorated Cu2O (Cu2O-WO3) composite was investigated in KHCO3solution saturated with CO2by cyclic voltammetry. The electrode which shows a good ability of electrochemical CO2reduction chosed nickel foam as substrate with Cu2O and Cu2O-WO3deposited on it. WO3modification can improve the ability .The results of cyclic voltammetry show that catalytic activity of Cu2O-WO3mixture is affected by effective contact area .
Investigation on Reaction Flow Field of Low Emission TAPS Combustors
Authors: Zhang Qun , Xu Hua Sheng , Gui Tao , Sun Shun Li , Wu Yue , Yan Dong Bo
Published: November 2014

A twin annular premixing swirler (TAPS) combustor model of low emissions was developed in this study. And computational studies on combustion process in the combustor model were carried out. Standard k-ε Turbulence Model, PDF non-premixed combustion model, Zeldovich thermal NOx formation model and DPM two-phase model were employed. The distributions of some key performance parameters such as gas temperature, flow velocity, concentrations of NOx and CO emissions were obtained and analyzed. At the same time, combustion mechanics inside the TAPS combustor model were investigated. The computational results indicated that the TAPS combustor employed in this study does a better job of improving key combustion performances such as combustion efficiency, total pressure recovery and outlet temperature distribution factor, and reducing NOx and CO emissions at the same time.
Enhanced Soil Washing of PCB by Sophorolipids from Transformer Oil Contaminated Soil
Authors: Qi Xiao Yu , Song Xin , Sun You Min
Published: November 2014

The effects of surfactants including synthetic surfactants and biosurfactants on 7 indicator PCBs removal from transformer oil-contaminated soil by using batch soil washing assessment were investigated. The sophorolipids (SLs) produced by Wickerhamiella domercqiae var. sophorolipid, especially lactonic SLs exhibited much higher PCB removal efficiency than SDS and Tween-80. The Σ7 PCB removal by 1.0 g/L lactonic SLs, 5.0 g/L of total SLs and acidic SLs was 30.2%, 30% and 25.4%, respectively. Removal efficiency of lower chlorinated congeners was significantly increased by adding sophorolipid, but higher chlorinated congeners removal efficiency was not further improved. 0.5 g/L lactonic SLs was efficient for PCB101 and 118 removal while 1.0 g/L lactonic SLs was efficient for PCB28 and 52 removal. The removal percentage was not increased with the increase of lactonic SLs concentration. The fermentation broth (yeast extract as nitrogen source) of W. domercqiae that was used directly on PCB removal was of superior efficiency.
Numerical Simulation on South American Coal Reburning in a Pulverized Coal Combustor
Authors: Wang Zi Fang , Liu Jian Li , Liu Lian Sheng , Xia Bing , Wu Jin Xiang , Wang En Yu , Gou Xiang
Published: November 2014

With the increasingly serious impacts of NOx on environment, measures of controlling NOx are extremely necessary. Reburning technology has become a proven and effective method to control the emissions of NOx. In this paper, CFD software has been used to simulate the reburning process of South American coal (SAm) so as to study the effect of the reburning on the combustion in the furnace and NOx reduction. The result shows that, SAm reburning can reduce NOx emissions effectively, and removal rate of NOx reaches 50.63% with respect to the conventional combustion.
Combustion Experimental Study of Reed Black Liquor (RBL) Droplets and Particles in Fluidized Bed
Authors: Song Xing Fei , Bie Ru Shan , Liu Qian Qian , Ji Xiao Yu , Chen Pei , Zhang Yun , Fan Jun
Published: November 2014

The experiments were carried out to investigate combustion characteristics of RBL droplets (RBLD) and RBL particles (RBLP) in fluidized bed. The combustion experiments were focused on the influence of six different bed temperatures in the ranging from 530 to 780°C on gas production rates, yields of product, carbon and hydrogen conversions, releases of Na, K and Cl and emissions of NOxand SO2. The experiments results indicate that the combustion behaviors of RBLD and RBLP mainly depend on bed temperatures. The conversions and emissions have linear relation with bed temperature, respectively. And denitrification and desulfurization processes must be had during incinerate RBL in industry application.
Energy Analysis and Sunshade Strategy Research of Passive Public Buildings
Authors: Qiang Wan Ming , Fu Su Juan , Jin Yang
Published: November 2014

Taking an example of a passive public construction project of building the research and development center in hebei province and based on dynamic analysis of energy consumption principle, this models passive public buildings and simulates energy consumption, it concludes cold index that construction demands in air conditioning season is 5.93W/m2 and 23.75W/m2 in heating season. Where in the condition of sunshade and opening lighting in part of air conditioning room when calculating the difference between the air-conditioning season building energy consumption, it shows that shading effect is more obvious in 13:00~15:00pm,and Saving rate is 0.72%.Experimental study on the above analysis provides reference to Passive public buildings energy-saving operation.
Study on Nutrient Characteristics Analysis of Back Soil Area
Authors: Zhao Yue Ling , Ma Li , Cao Li Ying , Chen Gui Fen
Published: November 2014

Nowadays, there is a variety of methods on soil nutrient environment prediction, in order to improve the accuracy of prediction data, more than prediction model can be used. The Jilin province is an important agricultural production area in China. The analysis of the soil nutrition environment is an important theoretical basis for agricultural planting structure. It is play important role to make the food security and agricultural sustainable development strategy. The research results show that the optimal partition number is 8 kinds of nutrient types. From the research results, it can be found the method of principal component and cluster analysis can be successfully applied to classify soils in Jilin province.Not only the partition results can guide sampling, but also provide an important method for accurately predicting the soil nutrition environment in agricultural products.The results can be used to implement variable input and precise fertilization recommendation.
Calculation and Analysis of Contribution Rate from Technology Advancement about Flue-Cured Tobacco Production in Guizhou Province
Authors: Huang Dong Bing , Lin Lin
Published: November 2014

Data was taken from Guizhou flue-cured tobacco production during 2001 to 2012 period. Cobb-Douglas production function model was exerted to calculate the contribution rate of technology advancement to flue-cured tobacco production and to analyze the relation between production factors and flue-cured tobacco output. Results show that the contribution rate of technology advancement to flue-cured tobacco production in Guizhou Province is 42.53%.Planting area is the most important factor to the production. Some measures on stable development of flue-cured tobacco production are proposed.
Orthogonal Analysis Methodology for the Extraction of Polysaccharides from the Root of Rhodiola sachalinensis A. BOR and Evaluation its Hypoglycemic Effects
Authors: Liang Yan , Li Feng Lin , Zhang Chuan Jun , Yu Hui
Published: November 2014

The present study was carried out to establish the optimum microwave-assisted extraction (MAE) conditions of polysaccharides from root ofRhodiola sachalinensisA. BOR (RSPs) by using o orthogonal analysis methodology. Moreover, the hypoglycemic effects of RSPs were investigated. The results indicated that the optimal extraction conditions of RSPs were liquid-solid ratio of 45:1 mL/g, irradiation power of 480 W, and irradiation time of 8 min. The animal experiment results demonstrated that RSPs could significantly increase body weights, serum insulin levels, and reduce fasting blood glucose (FBG) levels, which suggested that RSPs possesses hypoglycemic effects,.
Research on Vessel Trajectory Multi-Dimensional Compression Algorithm Based on Douglas-Peucker Theory
Authors: Zhu Fei Xiang , Miao Li Ming , Liu Wen
Published: November 2014

Currently, maritime safety administrations or shipping company had received a large number of vessel trajectory data from Automatic Identification System (AIS). In order to more efficiently carry out research of maritime traffic flow, ship behavior and maritime investigation, it is important to ensure the quality of the vessel trajectory data under compression condition. In classic Douglas-Peucker vector data compression algorithm, offset spatial distance of each point was the single factor in compression process. In order to overcome the shortcomings of classic Douglas-Peucker, a vessel trajectory multi-dimensional compression improved algorithm is proposed. In improved algorithm, the concept of single trajectory point importance which considers the point offset distance and other vessel handling factors, such as the vessel turning angle, speed variation, is proposed to as the compression index. Compared to classic Douglas-Peucker algorithm, experiment results show that the proposed multi-dimensional vessel trajectory compression improved algorithms can effectively retain characteristics of navigation.
The Analysis of Urban Road Traffic State Based on Kinds Floating Car Data
Authors: Yin Xiao Tong , Ma Chao Qun , Qu Liang Peng
Published: November 2014

The analysis of the unban road traffic state based on kinds of floating car data, is based on the model and algorithm of floating car data preprocessing and map matching, etc. Firstly, according to the characteristics of the different types of urban road, the urban road section division has been carried on the elaboration and optimization. And this paper introduces the method of calculating the section average speed with single floating car data, also applies the dynamic consolidation of sections to estimate the section average velocity.Then the minimum sample size of floating car data is studied, and section average velocity estimation model based on single type of floating car data in the different case of floating car data sample sizes has been built. Finally, the section average speed of floating car in different types is fitted to the section average car speed by the least square method, using section average speed as the judgment standard, the grade division standard of urban road traffic state is established to obtain the information of road traffic state.
Synthesis and Property of a Green Melting-Snow Additive for Asphalt Pavement
Authors: Peng Chao , Yu Jian Ying , Dai Jing , Zhao Zhi Jie , Fu Jing Yi , Zhao Mei Ling , Wang Wei
Published: November 2014

Mg-Al Cl-layered double hydroxide (LDH) was prepared from Mg-Al CO32-LDH by the calcination recovery method. Energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) spectra proved that Cl-anions replaced CO32-anions in the LDH structure. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images showed that the platelet thickness of Mg-Al Cl-LDH were larger than those of Mg-Al CO32-LDH. This increase in the structural dimensions occurred because of that a larger quantity of monovalent Cl-anions had substituted divalent CO32-anions. The result of freezing temperature tests indicated that Mg-Al Cl-LDH is more effective than Mg-Al CO32-LDH in melting snow. Conductivities of immersion liquids testified that Cl-anions are restricted in asphalt mixtures by Mg-Al Cl-LDH without negatively affecting the surrounding environment and pavement. Snow melting rates for Mg-Al Cl-LDH before and after immersion did not change, indicating that rain did not weaken the effect of Mg-Al Cl-LDH on melting snow and thus did not pollute the environment.
The Characteristics of Oil Palm Shell Biochar and Activated Carbon Produced via Microwave Heating
Authors: Abioye A.M. , Ani Farid Nasir
Published: November 2014

Biochar was produced from oil palm shell via microwave-induced pyrolysis. The biochar was subsequently activated via microwave assisted CO2 activation. A simple single layer arrangement of the microwave absorber (coconut shell based activated carbon) and oil palm shell in the reactor was adopted during pyrolysis. In recent times, the treatment of oil palm biomass using microwave heating technology has been on the increase. Value added products such as bio-oil, gas, biochar and activated carbon are being produced while at the same time serving as waste management control. Biochar is seen as a promising climate mitigation tool. Activated carbons can be used as absorbent for the removal of pollutants from wastewaters, as air pollution control and as electrode for supercapacitor. This paper presents comparative study between the characteristics of oil palm shell biochar and oil palm shell activated carbon. BET surface area and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) were analyzed to establish the characteristics of the biochar and activated carbon.