bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Malaria-Risikokartographie in der Gemeinde Maxixe: Fall der Chambone Nachbarschaft
Authors: Chitata Joaquim Gome André , Dgedge Gustavo Sobrinho
Published: July 2020

Dieser Artikel konzentriert sich auf die Bewertung der Malaria-Risiko-Verräumung, basierend auf Daten aus Wohngebieten nach Art der Brutplätze im Chambone-Viertel (Maxixe, Mosambik). Für die Operationalisierung der Ziele haben wir uns neben der bibliographischen Überprüfung für einen qualitativ-quantitativen Ansatz für begleitete Beobachtungen und Erhebungen entschieden. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass die Gebiete mit hohem Malariarisiko in Chambone der äußerste Nordosten, Mitte-Ost, Süd- und Binnen-Südwest-Zentralisten sind. Diese Hochrisikogebiete sind nach der Neuklassifizierung durch die Kerndichte von einer höheren Konzentration von Brutplätzen und Wohnungen. Angesichts der Vielfalt des räumlichen Verteilungsmusters des Risikos und der Faktoren mit Konditionierungsfaktoren unter Berücksichtigung der Art der Planung für alle Gebiete des Chambone-Viertels war es möglich, Pläne zu entwickeln, die an lokale Interessen angepasst wurden, um das derzeitige räumliche Muster der Malaria-Risikoverteilung zu ändern.
In vitro Anti-Inflammation and Selective Cytotoxicity of Vero and HepG2 Cells by Phenolic Extract From Roots of Hermannia Geniculata Eckl and Zehl
Authors: Lateef Ariyo Adeniran , Omotayo Tom Ashafa Anofi
Published: July 2020

Anti-inflammatory and in vitro cytotoxic effect of phenols of Hermannia geniculata (PoHG) on Vero and HepG2 cells was carried out using Soybean lipoxygenase and MTT assays. PoHG extract exhibited a commendable inhibition of 5-lipoxygenase enzyme with IC50 value of (150 ± 0.03) µg/mL which is similar to the IC50: (110± 0.01) µg/mL of the standard (indomethacin). However, the extract was non-toxic to Vero cells with LC50 value >1.00 mg/mL but highly toxic to HepG2 cells (LC50: 0.05 mg/mL). A decrease viability of HepG2 cells was observed with increase in the concentration of the extract. There was less than 5% viable HepG2 cells at PoHG concentration of 750 µg/mL. The selectivity index of (20.00 and 33.33) was recorded for PoHG extract and doxorubicin respectively. The anti-inflammatory activities of PoHG suggested that the phenols extract may be useful in the management of inflammatory diseases like artheriosclerosis, diabetes mellitus, rheumatoid arthritis and asthma. It is also safe for use while its antiproliferative activities can be exploited in search for anticancer agents.
Creation of Net Zero Carbon Emissions Agricultural Greenhouses Due to Energy Use in Mediterranean Region; Is it Feasible?
Authors: Vourdoubas John
Published: July 2020

Mitigation of climate change requires the decrease of greenhouse gas emissions into the atmosphere and the increasing use of renewable energies replacing fossil fuels. Agricultural greenhouses are energy-intensive agricultural systems using mainly fossil fuels. The use of renewable energies during their operation is limited so far. The possibility of using renewable energies for covering their energy needs has been investigated, focused on the Mediterranean region. Various sustainable energy technologies which are reliable, mature, cost-effective and broadly used in various applications are examined. These include solar-PV systems, low enthalpy geothermal energy, solid biomass burning, co-generation systems, high efficiency heat pumps and reuse of rejected industrial heat. Combined use of these systems in greenhouses can cover all their energy requirements in heat, cooling and electricity, reducing or zeroing their net CO2 emissions into the atmosphere due to operational energy use. It is concluded that depending on their local availability in Mediterranean countries, these benign energy technologies can assist greenhouse crop growers in the reduction of their carbon emissions, contributing in the achievement of the universal goal for climate change mitigation.
Composição mineral das folhas de pessegueiro sob a influência da adubação nitrogenada de crescimento
Authors: Ferreira Letícia Vanni , Picolotto Luciano , Schmitz Juliano Dutra , Pereira Ivan Dos Santos , Antunes Luis Eduardo Corrêa
Published: July 2020

Teores de nutrientes foliares indicam o estado nutricional da planta e auxiliam na recomendação de adubação. Além disso, plantas bem nutridas apresentam um adequado desenvolvimento vegetativo, o que resulta em boa produtividade de frutos. Objetivou-se, com o presente trabalho, avaliar a composição foliar de macro e micronutrientes de pessegueiros em crescimento, cultivados em alta densidade de plantio, submetidos a distintas doses de nitrogênio. O trabalho foi conduzido na área experimental da Embrapa Clima Temperado, entre 2012 e 2015. O delineamento experimental foi o de blocos casualizados em parcelas subdivididas segundo fatorial 2 x 4: duas seleções (‘Cascata 1067’ e ‘Cascata 1513’) e quatro doses de N baseadas em valores da comissão de química e fertilidade do solo (0, 30, 60 e 120 kg N ha-1), conduzidas em quatro repetições, constituídas por quatro plantas. Foi avaliada a concentração foliar de macro e micronutrientes nos anos de 2012, 2013 e 2014. A aplicação de N em pomares adensados aumenta o teor do nutriente nas folhas.  Os níveis de nitrogênio influenciam o estado nutricional das plantas cultivadas em alta densidade. A adubação nitrogenada até 120 kg ha-1 é insuficiente para manter os teores foliares de N em níveis considerados normais no terceiro ano após o plantio.
Clones brasileiros de batata com potencial para novas cultivares atendendo os diferentes segmentos de mercado
Authors: Figueiredo Izabel Cristina Rodrigues de , Ribeiro Guilherme Henrique Martins Rodrigues , Pinto César Augusto Brasil Pereira
Published: July 2020

A cultura da batata no Brasil baseia-se em cultivares importadas que apresentam problemas nas condições de cultivo do país, assim genótipos nacionais podem ser a solução para um maior potencial produtivo e com qualidade culinária. Este estudo teve como objetivo avaliar clones de batata com características agronômicas, qualitativas e culinárias com potencial de uso para atender aos diferentes segmentos de mercado para batata no Brasil. Foram realizados em experimentos em duas localidades no sul de Minas Gerais, nas safras da seca e de inverno. O delineamento experimental foi blocos casualizados com 37 tratamentos e três repetições, sendo utilizados 33 clones e quatro cultivares como testemunhas. Alguns clones apresentaram características interessantes para serem lançados como novas cultivares, podendo ser destinados aos diversos segmentos de mercado. O clone NES 02-68 mostrou-se como o mais promissor ao mercado de tubérculos in natura, pois apresentaram tubérculos com pele lisa e brilhante, olhos rasos e formato oval alongado. Outros clones como DGN 01-05 e DSM 04-11 apresentaram dupla aptidão culinária, ou seja, possui qualidade adequada ao processamento industrial e doméstico. Os tubérculos dos clones DGN 39-07, DGN 50-03 e MCR 14-76 apresentaram boa qualidade de fritura, ou seja, palitos de cor clara e teor de matéria seca acima de 20%, podendo ser indicados para a indústria de pré-fritas congeladas.
Analisa Kandungan Merkuri (Hg) Di Wilayah Penambangan Emas Danau Payawan Desa Tumbang Panggo Kecamatan Tasik Payawan Kabupaten Katingan
Authors: Indrajaya Fahrul , Virgiyanti Lisa
Published: July 2020

Field activities conducted to determine the level of mercury content in the water flow of Lake Payawan,Tumbang Panggo Village, Tasik Payawan District, Katingan Regency, Central Kalimantan Provincebased on laboratory test results to obtain the results of mercury content in upstream to downstream ofLake Payawan. From this research, it is necessary to test the quality of water in the laboratory in orderto analyze the water quality parameters so it can be known mercury content (Hg) in Lake Payawanwater flow. From the test results on 6 points river water samples in the laboratory of the IndustrialResearch and Standardization Center of Banjarbaru City showed the highest mercury content found insample number 3 with P. 2076 test code taken at the location of the middle Lake Payawan TasikPayawan District with mercury levels located At a rate of 0.069 μg / l or 0.000069 mg / l, this reflectsthe presence of other factors that may also affect the level of mercury content in Lake Payawan flow.
Analysis Between CBR, Rolling Resistance and Soils Bearing Capacity with Dump Truck Velocity in Mine Hauling Road Use Linear Regression Methods
Authors: Fanani Yazid
Published: July 2020

Pengaruh utama pada kegiatan pengangkutan menggunakan dump truck adalah kondisi jalan, kondisi peralatan dan cuaca. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah melakukan analisis hubungan antara CBR, rolling resistance dan daya dukung tanah terhadap kecepatan dump truck dengan pendekatan model matematika berdasarkan metode regresi linier. Kecepatan dump truck dinyatakan sebagai variabel terikat (Y). CBR, rolling resistance, dan daya dukung tanah dinyatakan sebagai variabel bebas (X). Berdasarkan hasil penelitian, rolling resistance mempunyai pengaruh negatif terhadap kecepatan dump truck. Kecepatan dump truck akan berkurang sebanyak 0,13 – 0,14 km/jam dengan naiknya nilai rolling resistance sebesar 10 lbs. CBR dan daya dukung tanah berpengaruh positif terhadap kecepatan dump truck. Kenaikan nilai CBR sebesar 5 % dan kenaikan nilai daya dukung tanah sebesar 0,34 kg/cm2 akan meningkatkan kecepatan dump truck 0,48 – 0,66 km/jam. Agar kecepatan dump truck dapat menigkat, nilai minimum CBR dari jalan angkut adalah 15 % dan nilai daya dukung tanah sebesar 6,79 kg/cm2 dengan maksimum nilai rolling resistance 40 lbs.
Pendekatan Semivariogram Anisotropik dalam Metode Ordinary Kriging (OK) terhadap Pola Penyebaran Mineral Ikutan Timah
Authors: Amelia Ririn , Guskarnali Guskarnali , Ahmad Reynandi Alghifari , Ismartika Zahira Karin
Published: July 2020

Penambangan secara inkonvensional masih menjadi pilihan masyarakat Pulau Bangka. Salah satu lokasi di Pulau Bangka yang masih melakukan aktivitas penambangan timah darat dengan skala kecil atau skala rakyat adalah Bukit Sambung Giri, Kecamatan Merawang, Kabupaten Bangka. Dengan mengetahui pola distribusi penyebaran mineral ikutan timah akan memberikan gambaran umum yang dapat mencegah dan meminimalisir kerusakan lingkungan yang disebabkan oleh kegiatan penambangan. Interpolasi penyebaran mineral ikutan timah (Sn) seperti zirkon (Zn) dan hematit (Fe2O3) menggunakan semivariogram anisotropik dalam metode Orinary Kriging mempengaruhi pola penyebaran masing-masing mineral tersebut. Hal ini dapat terlihat berdasarkan pencocokan model semivariogram teoritis yang menghasilkan model yang berbeda-beda. Model yang lebih cocok untuk mineral hematit dan zirkon adalah eksponensial, sedangkan timah menggunakan model Gaussian. Berdasarkan hasil dari metode Ordinary Kriging,diperoleh bahwa pola penyebaran ketiga mineral tersebut berada pada arah timur sekitar Bukit Sambung Giri. Perkiraan pola penyebaran ketiga mineral ini, memberikan gambaran umum yang dapat meminimalisir kerusakan lingkungan akibat kegiatan penambangan di Bukit Sambung Giri.
Bodies of Information
Authors: Betts-Green Dawn
Published: July 2020

Book Review
Mind the Five Card Game
Authors: Gomez Ricardo , Newell Bryce C , Vannini Sara
Published: July 2020

The authors discuss Mind the Five, a participatory card game to help increase awareness of privacy protections of undocumented migrants and other vulnerable populations. Mind the Five and other participatory games can be used in public libraries and small humanitarian organizations to promote safe and engaging information spaces for migrants and refugees. Participatory games provide a supportive and unique approach to building safe spaces that allow participants to discuss and engage with issues on a personal level in a fun and creative way. Combined with other active learning experiences, such as participatory photography and co-design activities, Mind the Five is an educational tool to help bring stronger awareness of the vulnerabilities of undocumented migrants, and to encourage information practices that better protect the privacy of migrants and other vulnerable populations.
A Matter of Facts
Authors: Grant Jennifer
Published: July 2020

Book Review
Socio-psychological features of the adaptation potential of modern youth
Authors: Литвиненко Ольга
Published: July 2020

The article presents the results of theoretical and empirical research on the study of socio-psychological features of the adaptive potential of modern youth. The structural relationships between the elements of the system of adaptability are studied and the forces of connection between them are determined. The influences of personal qualities, interpersonal and family relations of modern youth (according to the questionnaire of N. Pezeshkian) on the determinants of health are considered.
The conceptual approaches to the creation of a hierarchically-parity model of the adaptive potential of modern youth are substantiated. The main adaptability as components of the adaptive potential of the personality has been identified: intrapersonal, interpersonal, absence of maladaptation disorders, adaptability of personal socio-psychological potential and competence. The first four adaptations reflect the personality assessment of their own abilities and capabilities for implementing the adaptation process, while competence-based adaptability reflects directly the actions that respondents use to adapt to new conditions of functioning. It is shown that the adaptive potential of the personality is realized at the following levels: individual, personal, and the level of socio-psychological characteristics.
The independence of competence adaptability from personal abilities, its reliance on individual properties and social characteristics is revealed. The structural relationships between the elements of the adaptability system are investigated and the relationships between them are determined. Identified statistically significant correlation relationships in the areas of dependence: «Intra-personal adaptability – Interpersonal adaptability», «Intra-personal adaptability – Lack of maladaptation disorders», «Personal socio-psychological potential – Interpersonal adaptability», «Absence of maladaptation aspirations personality social and psychological potential».
Характеристика психологічного профілю творчої особистості науковця (на прикладі В. І. Вернадського та І. І. Мечникова)
Authors: Виноградова Вікторія
Published: July 2020

У статті розкрито психологічний профіль українських науковців В. І. Вернадського та І. І. Мечникова. Основною метою цієї роботи є дослідження психологічного портрету особистості науковців у взаємозв’язку з основними біографічними подіями. У статті використовуються теоретичні та біографічний методи. Приділена увага здібностям та психічним властивостям, які необхідні для роботи в галузі науки. З’ясовано якості творчої особистості: захоплення певною галуззю знань ще у дитячі роки, зосередження на творчій роботі, спрямованість на обраний напрям діяльності, велика працездатність, непоступливість у творчості, захоплення роботою. Висвітлено передумови формування та умови розвитку наукового таланту видатних діячів науки. Дослідницький фокус спрямовано на фактори, які вплинули на розвиток творчої особистості В. І. Вернадського та І. І. Мечникова. Аналізуються сімейні умови, які можуть стимулювати розвиток творчої особистості. Простежено зв’язки між значущими постатями у житті В. І. Вернадського й І. І. Мечникова та формуванням у них рис характеру та якостей особистості. З’ясовано, що системо утворюючим чинником у процесі розвитку наукових здібностей є сама особистість. Пошук особистістю власної цілісності може виступати фактором спроможності робити наукові відкриття. Визначено умови, які вплинули на формування наукового таланту В.І. Вернадського та І. І. Мечникова. У статті визначено основні фактори, які вплинули на розвиток здібностей видатних науковців. Серед яких: високий рівень загальних здібностей, який проявлявся у здібностях до навчання; позитивний вплив мікросередовища, спілкування у колі високоінтелектуальних людей, самостійність прийняття рішень та розв’язання життєвих завдань, а також особистісно-природничий чинник, які майбутні науковці застосовували у власних наукових дослідженнях та відкриттях.
Висновки. Отже, наукові здібності формуються протягом життя, однак визначальним є середовище в умовах якого відбувається розвиток творчих здібностей індивіда. На формування наукового таланту особистості впливає сім’я та інші системи мікро- та макросередовища.
Hematology and oncology clinical care during the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic
Authors: Shah Manish A. , Emlen M. Frances , Shore Tsiporah , Mayer Sebastian , Leonard John P. , Rossi Adriana , Martin Peter , Ritchie Ellen , Niesvizky Ruben , Pastore Raymond , Cigler Tessa , De Sancho Maria , Scheff Ronald , Van Besien Koen , Roboz Gail , Nanus David , Goldstein Paula , Scrimenti Lara , Hidalgo Manuel
Published: July 2020

New York City has been at the epicenter of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) pandemic that has already infected over a million people and resulted in more than 70,000 deaths as of early May 2020 in the United States alone. This rapid and enormous influx of patients into the health care system has had profound effects on all aspects of health care, including the care of patients with cancer. In this report, the authors highlight the transformation they underwent within the Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology as they prepared for the COVID‐19 crisis in New York City. Under stressful and uncertain conditions, some of the many changes they enacted within their division included developing a regular line of communication among division leaders to ensure the development and implementation of a restructuring strategy, completely reconfiguring the inpatient and outpatient units, rapidly developing the ability to perform telemedicine video visits, and creating new COVID–rule‐out and COVID‐positive clinics for their patients. These changes allowed them to manage the storm while minimizing the disruption of important continuity of care to their patients with cancer. The authors hope that their experiences will be helpful to other oncology practices about to experience their own individual COVID‐19 crises.
Monitoring and diagnosis of poultry bacterial diseases in poultry farms of the Kyiv region
Authors: Tyshkivska N. , Lyasota V. , Tyshkivska A. , Bukalova N. , Bogatko N.
Published: July 2020

Bacterial safety in the modern poultry industry plays a key role and is one of the key factors in production eﬃ ciency. In the structure of poultry infectious pathology, the leading place is occupied by such bacteria as Escherichia coli, Clostridium perfringens, Enterococcus cecorum, Staphylococcus aureus, Gallibacterium anatis. The results of studies of samples of pathological material obtained from a sick bird are presented that indicate that most often Escherichia coli cultures were isolated from the heart (41,5 %), liver (22,0 %) and lungs (20,7 %), less often spleen (5,2 %) and kidney (2,0 %). Most isolated cultures of Escherichia coli (78 %) caused hemolysis when plating material on blood agar. The largest number of pathogenic cultures of Escherichia coli was isolated from adult chickens, signiﬁ cantly fewer chickens under the age of 20 days. The associated course of bacterioses caused by two or more pathogens was noted in 89,8 % of cases. In 38,5 % of cases, Escherichia coli, bacteria of the genus Staphylococcus and Gallibacterium anatis were isolated from pathological material, in 27,3 % – a joint course of escherichiosis, staphylococcosis and enterobacteriosis was noted, in 15,7 % – escherichiosis, salmonellosis and enterobacteriosis, in 8,3 % – pasteurellosis and enterobacteriosis. In 13,2 % of cases with pathological material from chickens (liver, joints, in chickens – blind processes of the intestine) Clostridium perfringens was isolated. Three species of bacteria of the genus Staphylococcus were identiﬁ ed: Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus chromogenes, Staphylococcus pluranimalium (51,7 % from the liver, 21,7 from the lungs, 18,3 from the spleen, 5,0 % from the kidneys). Enterococcus cecorum was identiﬁ ed in 11,32 % of the studied samples from cloacal swabs, oviducts and bone marrow, and Gallibacterium anatis was identiﬁ ed in 11,32 % (from the upper respiratory tract and genitals).
Key words: poultry farms, monitoring, bacterial infection, Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus chromogenes, Staphylococcus pluranimalium, Enterococcus cecorum, Clostridium perfringens, Gallibacterium anatis.
Acute oral and inhalation thallium poisonings and their remote consequences (literature review and data from our own research)
Authors: Балан Г.М. , Богомол А.Г. , Жмінько П.Г. , Бубало Н.М. , Бубало В.О. , Кудрявцева А.Г. , Бабич В.А. , Мимренко Т.В.
Published: July 2020

Мета роботи. Узагальнити сучасні літературні дані про токсичність сполук талію (Tl+), механізми їх токсичної дії та проаналізувати поширеність гострих отруєнь Tl+ за останні роки за кордоном і в Україні. Порівняти особливості клінічних проявів і наслідки інтоксикацій Tl+ з отриманою дозою і вмістом Tl+ в біосередовищах.

Матеріал і методи. Проведено науковий аналіз даних літератури і власних спостережень щодо поширеності особливостей клінічних проявів і наслідків гострих отруєнь сполуками талію.

Результати. Виявлено зростання поширеності поодиноких і групових випадків гострих отруєнь Tl+ в останні роки як за кордоном, так і в Україні. Встановлено, що серед клінічних проявів отруєнь Tl+ переважають неврологічні порушення, шлунково-кишкові та дерматологічні симптоми, вираженість яких переважно залежить від вмісту Tl+у біосередовищі.

Висновки: Діагностика гострих отруєнь Tl+ у більшості випадків є запізнілою або посмертною. При поєднанні попередніх шлунково-кишкових і дерматологічних розладів з висхідними чутливими і руховими порушеннями іннервації в нижніх і верхніх кінцівках необхідно провести хіміко-токсикологічне визначення Tl+у біосередовищі хворого для виключення інтоксикації.

Ключові слова: талій, механізми токсичної дії, гострі отруєння, діагностика.
Carvedilol Matrix Tablet: Formulation and In Vitro Assessment
Authors: Boidya Joya , Hasan Ikramul , Reza Md Selim
Published: July 2020

The present study was conducted for preparing and assessing different in-vitro characteristics of hydrophilic polymer based matrix tablets of carvedilol. Nine formulations of matrix tablet were prepared using three hydrophilic polymers having 1% of three different dissolution enhancers. The matrix formers were sodium-carboxy methyl cellulose, Methocel K4M CR, Methocel K100M CR and the dissolution enhancers were PEG 6000, Poloxamer 188 and Kollidon-CLSF. Formulations F-10, F- 13 and F-16 contained PEG 6000 as dissolution enhancer, formulations F-11, F-14 and F-17 contained Poloxamer 188 and formulations F-12, F-15 and F-18 contained Kollidon-CLSF. Tablet granules were evaluated for bulk density (0.293 ± 0.012 to 0.310 ± 0.004 g/ml), tapped bulk density (0.368 ± 0.013 to 0.380 ± 0.012 g/ml) and compressibility index (16.612 ± 1.868 to 22.834 ± 5.426). The data indicated satisfactory flow properties of granules during compression. The tablets were subjected to thickness (1.79±0.04mm), hardness (11.46 ± 1.06 kg/cm), and friability (0.26 ± 0.06%) measurements. The in vitro dissolution study was carried out for 12 hrs using USP type II dissolution apparatus in 6.8 buffer as the dissolution medium where release mechanisms were subjected to zero order, first order, Korsmeyer-Peppas, Hixson-Crowell and Higuchi kinetic studies. The order of dissolution enhancing power was PEG 6000 > Poloxamer 188 >Kllidon-CLSF. The drug release from the tablets followed erosion mechanisms. Among all the formulation F-13, F-14 and F-17 exhibited USP complied in vitro dissolution profiles.
Bangladesh Pharmaceutical Journal 23(1): 26-31, 2020
A Further Comprehensive Review on the Phytoconstituents from the Genus Erythrina
Authors: Hussain Mohammad Musarraf
Published: July 2020

Erythrina is a significant source of phytoconstituents. The aim of this review is to solicitude of classification, synthesis, and phytochemicals with biological activities of Erythrina. In our previous review on this genus (Hussain et. al., 2016a) fifteen species (Erythrina addisoniae, E. caribeae, E. indica, E. lattisima, E. melanacantha, E. mildbraedii, E. poeppigiama, E. stricta, E. subumbrans, E. veriagata, E. vespertilio, E. velutina, E. zeberi, E. zeyheri and E. americana) have been studied and 155 molecules with chemical structures were reported. A further comprehensive review was done upon continuation on the same genus and thirteen species (E. abyssinica, E. arborescens, E. berteroana, E. burttii, E. caffra, E. coralloids, E. crista-galli, E. fusca, E. herbaceae, E. lysistemon, E. mulungu, E. speciosa and E. tahitensis) of Erythrina have been studied and 127 compounds are reported as phytoconstituents with their chemical structure in this review. Erythrina crista-galli and E. lysistemon consist of highest number of chemical constituents.
Bangladesh Pharmaceutical Journal 23(1): 65-77, 2020
Evaluation of Subclinical Adrenal Insufficiency in Patients with Active Tuberculosis
Authors: Abdullah Abu Ahmed , Arafat Shohael Mahmud , Sabeka Meera Momtaz , Md Asaduzzaman - , Siddque Mohammad Abu Bakar
Published: July 2020

The existence of subclinical adrenal insufficiency in active tuberculosis is a matter of debate and little is known in this regard. This analytical cross-sectional study is contemplated to find out the association between active tuberculosis and subclinical adrenocortical insufficiency. Where 77 active tubercular patients have been included consecutively in the study along with 30 age and sex matched healthy controls for comparison. Nearly two-thirds (64.9%) of the cases ware diagnosed as pulmonary tuberculosis and rest 35.1% as extra pulmonary tuberculosis. In pulmonary tuberculosis 68.8% had subclinical adrenal insufficiency but 31.2% in extra pulmonary tuberculosis. It shows that 62.3% of the cases had sub-clinical adrenocortical insufficiency as opposed to none in the control group (p < 0.001). Adrenal insufficiency appeared to be significantly associated with smear positivity, X-ray evidence of severe disease and multi-drug resistance. Therefore, physician ought to look for subclinical adrenal insufficiency among patients with active tuberculosis specially if they are sputum positive, X-ray evidence of severe disease and multidrug resistant TB.
Faridpur Med. Coll. J. Jul 2019;14(2): 67-70
Update on Management of Non-Palpable Breast Lesion
Authors: Nafisa Ali , Ahmed SK Farid , Alam Md Ahasanul , Murad Shoeb Sarwar , Rahman ASM Tanjilur , Ahmedd Salma
Published: July 2020

Halstedian radical mastectomy is practiced over 40 years as surgical treatment of breast cancer. For the last twenty years, breast conserving surgery (BCS) has been more practiced in the treatment of breast cancer as it provides oncological safety as well as cosmesis. Non palpable breast lesions are being increasingly diagnosed in the recent years as a result of introduction of breast cancer screening, high quality digital mammography and increase in public awareness. Accurate localisation of small, nonpalpable breast lesions is mandatory for accurate surgical management. The purpose of this article is to review the techniques systematically those have been used to locate non-palpable breast lesions which could easily be introduced in Bangladesh. Breast conserving surgery means complete removal of the tumour with a concentric margin of surrounding healthy tissue with maintenance of acceptable cosmesis. It should be followed by radiation therapy (RT) to achieve an acceptably low rate of local recurrence. Breast conserving surgery with radiotherapy has same survival benefit as mastectomy. BCS plus RT provided better outcome than mastectomy for early breast cancer and should be offered as a preferred treatment option. Experience, logistical support, and multidisciplinary approach is key to success. Radiological support with ultrasound or stereotactic localization with wires and /or ultrasound skin marking are key to have accurate wide local excision of non palpable lesions which is gold standard. Other newer techniques such as radio guided occult lesion localisation (ROLL), magnetic seeds, radiofrequency seeds localisation are a feasible and safe method of breast lesion localization as well and gaining popularity slowly.
Faridpur Med. Coll. J. Jul 2019;14(2): 93-99
Una museología confinada. El consumo cultural como pasatiempo
Authors: Castro Carbonell Ana Isabel
Published: July 2020

Con esta breve contribución pretendemos plantear tres aspectos relacionados con el papel de las instituciones culturales en tiempos de Covid-19. Se ofrece una visión personal de su estado tras la reapertura de sus puertas, insistiendo, entre otros temas, en la necesidad de adoptar una postura crítica y humanística para afrontar las dificultades que la "nueva normalidad" trae consigo. La comunicación en la era del 2.0, el tiempo libre o la liberación de recursos y contenidos on-line se convierten en las bases sobre las que pensar en el porvenir de estos espacios únicos.
Editorial
Authors: Matos Patricia
Published: July 2020

La crisis mundial causada por la pandemia del COVID-19 ha llevado a buscar soluciones educativas a procesos que se venían implementando desde hace muchos años. Algunas de estas respuestas han significado adaptar lo conocido a la nueva situación. A esto llamamos innovación. La tecnología ha jugado un papel muy importante en ese sentido.

En educación innovamos porque necesitamos transformar realidades, mejorar los aprendizajes de nuestros estudiantes y afrontar efectivamente las situaciones que se nos presentan. Innovar es romper esquemas; hacer las cosas de diferente manera.

Muchos autores definen este concepto, pero Zabalza (2012)1 nos presenta lo que no es innovación educativa, planteando que «innovar no es sólo hacer cosas distintas»… «cuando hablamos de innovación nos estamos refiriendo no sólo a “algo distinto” sino a “algo mejor” que lo anterior». Entonces, innovar en educación se trata de un trabajo de construcción, un proceso de investigación, de formación, de experimentación.

Esta edición del Vol. 66 número 2 de la Revista AULA, está dedicada tanto a la innovación educativa como tecnológica, aquella que trasciende a la incorporación de herramientas virtuales y que transforma el quehacer educativo para optimizar los aprendizajes del estudiantado y así contribuir a una mejor sociedad.

El artículo «La Realidad Aumentada, tecnología emergente para la sociedad del aprendizaje», expone el Proyecto RAFODIUN, investigación que presenta una herramienta tecnológica como un complemento de la enseñanza, sin sustituirla. También se presenta Tecnociencia, resultado de una investigación cualitativa que evidencia la necesidad de educar desde la perspectiva tecnocientífica para responder a las exigencias del siglo XXI.

El uso de estrategias innovadoras centradas en el aprendizaje y promotoras de construcción de conocimientos, favorece experiencias que distan de la memorización de la información. En el área de la formación docente encontramos los trabajos «El rol del docente en la singularidad educativa» y «Competencia e identidad digital en redes sociales. Percepciones del profesorado en formación». «Tabula Rasa como estrategia de investigación arquitectónica para la revolución 4.0», describe el proceso de la práctica arquitectónica preocupada por la innovación radical.

Esta edición contiene además los resultados de un estudio sobre el uso de la plataforma Moodle como soporte de contenidos educativos en universidades cubanas, señalando sus bondades. Como puede apreciarse, este volumen es un manjar en diversos ámbitos de la innovación educativa. Esperamos lo disfruten.
A COMPARISON OF THREE PASTURE MEASUREMENT TECHNIQUES
Authors: Stephen R.C. , Revfeim K.J.A.
Published: July 2020

Pasture yield estimations using a capacitance meter were compared with data obtained from the random quadrat and cage techniques and with the actual yields. The cage technique gave the most accurate and consistent estimations of the yield whereas the random quadrat method underestimated the yield and the capacitance meter gave inconsistent results.
LUCERNE IN THE PUMICE COUNTRY
Authors: Clare R.J.
Published: July 2020

Eleven years of experimentation ha've resulted in certain establish ment procedures being recommended and it has been shown that direct drilling of lucerne into chemically killed turf has given yields comparable with notmal cultivation methods. Maintenance topdressing trials have shown responses to increased quantities of potash, intermittent responses to sulphur, conststent responses to lime, and fleeting responses to boron. A grazing experiment with four lucerne varieties is described where increased yields have been obtained from a comparison of haying and grazing over production from a pure hay stand.
OVERDRILLED WINTER-GROWING ANNUAL GRASS TO SUPPLEMENT LUCERNE
Authors: Vartha E.W.
Published: July 2020

On light droughty soils in Canterbury, 'Grasslands Tama' westerwolds ryegrass when overdrilled into lucerne has produced between 1,200 and 5,200 kg/hi1 of dry herbage, in part supplementary and in part complementary to Lucerne growth. Factors affecting growth of the overdrilled ryegrass, such as time of sowing, use of nitrogen at overdrilling and in mid-winter, and of grazing in mid-winter and early spring, are illustrated. On heavier moisture-retentive soils, autumn growth of lucerne reduces establishment of overdrilled grass. At high stocking rates on all-lucerne farms on light lands Tama ryegra'ss can provide high quality greenfeed prior to spring growth of lucerne and thus assist management to better equate feed supply with stock needs. Where Tama ryegrass is sown in cultivated soil, herbage yields far exceed those obtained where it is overdrilled into lucerne. Systems analysis may aid the development of a sound choice for use of the afbove grass with lucerne. Because ruminants are inefficient converters of leaf protein to animal protein the use is suggested oi Lucerne overdrilled with grass for producing leaf-protein concentrate for monogastric animal feeding and partial-protein-extracted residue for feeding ruminants.
THE MANAGEMENT OF LUCERNE IN A CANTERBURY LOW-RAINFALL SHEEP FARMING SYSTEM
Authors: Cameron B.K.
Published: July 2020

THE AREA in which we farm (coastal mid-Canterbury) has light alluvial soils (20 to 28 cm deep) over gravel. The average rainfall of 711 mm is extremely variable and as evapotranspiration rates are often extremely high in the summer months, there are frequent droughts.
THE CONTROL OF WEEDS IN HIGH FERTILITY PASTURES
Authors: Allen F.C. , Meeklah F.A.
Published: July 2020

Weed control in high fertility pastures is seen as the correction of errors in management or of the effects of breakdown, through vagaries of climate, of management practices known to maintain clover balance and give maximum animal production. The possibility of build up of excessive soil fertility in low rainfall areas and possible remedial actioil is noted. The present control measures for Californian thistle, docks and barley grass are described. The need for economic assessment of pasture weeds in terms of animal production is noted.
PASTURE IMPROVEMENT AND POTENTIAL PRODUCTIVITY IN SOUTHERN NORTH ISLAND HILL COUNTRY
Authors: Grant D.A. , Rumball P.J. , Suckling F.E.T.
Published: July 2020

HILL COUNTRY is characterized by its steep slopes, differences in aspect, and variability in microtopography. The soils are often shallow, and erosion through slipping and slumping a serious problem. Because of the steepness of slope, most hill country cannot be cultivated and improvement must be brought about by oversowing and other management practices. New Zealand is characterized by such country throughout its length. However, this discussion will be limited to hill country located in the mild, humid areas comprising the southern half of the North Island.
MAGNESIUM DEFICIENCY IN LUCERNE
Authors: Toxopeus M.R.J. , Mcnaught K.J.
Published: July 2020

An experiment was conducted on lucerne (cv. Wairau), growing on a yellow-brown pumice soil low in magnesium. Under a regime of four harvests annually, small but sign&cant yield responses of 4 and 5% were obtained in the third year to additions of 17 and 34 kg/ha Mg, respectively, when the topsoil (0 to 7.5 cm) Mg value in the control plots had fallen to 2 units (advisory scale). Responses were associated with a concentration of 0.09% Mg in herbage cut ,at the onset of flowering. Foliar symptoms of magnesium deficiency were a chlorosis which increased in severity towards the base of the plant.
EFFECT OF DIFFERENT GRAZING SYSTEMS ON HILL COUNTRY PASTURE COMPOSITION
Authors: Radcliffe J.E.
Published: July 2020

The effect of different grazing systems on the botanical composition of North Island hill sheep pastures was examined in three experiments over a period of four to eight years. In two experiments on steep, developed hill country the effects of mob-stocking did not differ markedly from those of set-stocking. In the third experiment, unimproved and improved pastures were maintained at two heights by hard and lax set-stocking. In Improved pastures, perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne) increased under hard grazing and Yorkshire fog (Holcus lanatus) increased under lax grazing. In unimproved pastures weeds increased under hard grazing.
A FARMING PICTURE : ALL-GRASS WINTERING IN SOUTHLAND
Authors: Miller D.T.
Published: July 2020

FROM THE first association of man and beast, grass of one type or another has played a very important part in the feeding of farm animals. Over the past twelve to fourteen years, all-grass wintering has been carried out with some success, but during the past four to five years the Ministry of Agriculture and Fisheries has launched a very comprehensive programme of instruction in this form of wintering. In more recent years, Grasslands Division, DSIR, has developed some excellent grasses that are durable under heavy stocking and of high protein value.
POTENTIAL OF HILL COUNTRY FARMING IN THE KING COUNTRY
Authors: Yeoman P.G.
Published: July 2020

The evidence available on pasture production in the King Country is reviewed and compared with stock requirements. A potential carrying capacity of 19 stock units/ha in the Waitomo County is estimated. It is shown that, when product prices are high, the economic optimum stocking rate is near the point beyond which stock will be seriously underfed. Management techniques aimed at producing and utilizing pasture feed efficiently and also allowing flexibility in stocking rates to meet varying economic conditions are outlined.
PRINCIPLES OF FEED BUDGETING
Authors: Frengley G.A.G.
Published: July 2020

The paper discusses the components of feed budgeting. The main possibilities which can be considered as useful alternatives to equate feed supplies with stock requirements are described. Comments are also made about the interaction of stock with pasture production, the quantitative approach to feed budgeting, and the use of a clear objective to avoid confusion when discussing the application of the technique.
FEED BUDGETING : AN AID TO PROFITABLE MANAGEMENT
Authors: Monteath M.A.
Published: July 2020

The challenge to management in producing milk, meat and wool profitably from pasture is briefly described and the role of various management manipulations of feed and stock in meeting this challenge is discussed. Feed budgeting is helpful in the making of decisions about some of these manipulations. The construction of a management feed budget is described, two examples are given of its use, and the implications of possible inaccuracies in the data used in feed budgeting are discussed.
THE DISTRIBUTION OF CALCIUM AND MAGNESIUM IN A NUMBER OF PASTURE PLANTS (M.Sc.Hons. Thesis)
Authors: Smith G.S.
Published: July 2020

A METHOD was developed in which plant material was fractionated by a successive extraction technique for calcium and magnesium.
GENETIC SHIFTS IN A YORKSHIRE FOG POPULATION GRAZED BY SHEEP
Authors: Clements R.J. , Easton H.S.
Published: July 2020

Yorkshire fog (Holcus lanatus L. var. 'Massey Basyn') pastures were grazed almost continuously by sheep at high stocking rates for five years. The surviving tiller or paddock population was compared with the original seed population, and with the nine original parents of the variety, by growing the populations as widely-spaced plants and measuring plant size, erectness, leaf size, leaf strength, and heading date. In general, there was a slight genetic shift in the paddock populatmion towards {the mean of the parents and away from the mean of the seed population. Differences in the frequencies of esterase isoenzyme bands between the seed and paddock populations provided further evidence that a genetic shift had occurred. However, the magnitude of the shift was small, particularly by comparison with the range of variation observed wit,hin each population and between the parents. 'Massey Basyn' is therefore considered to possess an acceptable degree of genet,ic stability under continuous grazing.
LIVEWEIGHT GAINS BY SHEEP GRAZING BROWNTOP AND PERENNIAL RYEGRASS
Authors: Lancashire J.A. , Ulyatt M.J.
Published: July 2020

The liveweight gain of young sheep set-stocked on browntop and 'Grasslands Ruanui' perennial ryegrass pastures was compared during the main periods of pasture growth over two years. During spring there was no difference between the two species, but in early summer, although flowering was suppressed by grazing, the higher liveweight gains on ryegrass were attributed to greater stem and stolen development and poorer leaf growth in the browntop pasture. In early autumn an outbreak of staggers in the ryegrass sheep apparently reduced liveweight gain relative to browntop where no staggers occurred. These differences are discussed in relation to the closer grazing of ryegrass than browntop at this time of year.
FERTILIZER AND STOCKING RATES ON TWO KING COUNTRY SOILS
Authors: O'Connor M.B. , Tonkin P.J. , Ludecke T.E.
Published: July 2020

Parent materials such as volcanic ash and sedimentary siltstone and sandstone form soils which differ markedly in their physical and chemical properties. In stocking x fertilizer rate trials on two families of soils, Te Kuiti-Tumutumu (volcanic ash) and Mahoenui-Mangatea (siltstonesandstone) , the former showed marked response to increasing rates of superphosphate in terms of pasture availability and animal production but -the latter showed negligible response above :the lowest rate (250 kg/ha). Responses to superphosphate were apparent on Te Kuiti-Tumutumu only at the high stocking rate. Sward composition showed no measurable improvement with the application of superphosphate. Manage ment practices were undoubtedly important in this respect. Differential 'topdressing should be practised where feasible. When soil test levels for phosphate are medium to low, Te Kuiti-Tumutumu soils should receive at least 500 kg/ha/yr of superphosphate, Mahoenui-Mangatea soils 250 kg/ha/yr. Stocking rates and management practices must be such as to allow full utilization of the additional pasture grown.
A COMPARISON OF RYEGRASS CULTIVARS IN SOUTH CANTERBURY 1. Perennial cultivars
Authors: Mcleod C.C.
Published: July 2020

The seasonal and annual production of New Zealand perennial ryegrasses were compared with that of a number of overseas cultivars. Several imported tetraploids established much more quickly than the New Zealand standards. R.V.P. Melle, Barlatra, S23 and New Zealand Mangere showed good summer drought resistance. At Waimate Mangere gave the h,ighest seasonal and total production while at Timaru, where Mangere was not included, Grasslands Ruanui and Grasslands Ariki gave the highest autumn, spring and total yields. White clover was usually higher yielding when with the less productive ryegrasses. This often meanst that ryegrass plus clover yield differences were less than those of the ryegrass cultivars alone.
THE PERFORMANCE OF PASTURE SPECIES IN CANTERBURY
Authors: Watkin B.R.
Published: July 2020

The seasonal and total production of a number of different grass species and lucerne varieties was compared under grazing over 3 years. Significant differences were obtained in total and component yields in all seasons. Lucerne outyielded all other species in the summer while prairie grass and tall fescue were superior in the autumn, winter and spring. The performance of the different species is discussed in relation to production, botanical composition, climate and insect attack.
GRASSLANDS G 4710 TALL FESCUE FESTUCA ARUNDINACEA (SCHREB.)
Authors: Anderson L.B.
Published: July 2020

GRASSLANDS 47 10 (G4710) is an experimental cultivar of tall fescue, Festuca arundinacea (Schreb.), developed by Grasslands Division for use in New Zealand pastures.
Determination of the Content of Iodine in a Nut Corner by Pyrolysis in the Temperature Range 100-550°C
Authors: Toktorbaeva G. , Tashpolotov Y.
Published: July 2020

The article presents the results of scientific research on the processing of nutshells by the pyrolysis method. The process of pyrolysis of walnut shells in the temperature range of 100–550 °C with the formation of charcoal without air was studied. The inorganic component in the shell is about 25%, while the organic part is 75%. It was found that the yield of charcoal from the walnut shell is 31.3% by weight at 550 °C, and the iodine concentration is 0.105 μg/dm3.
Uluslararası Anlaşmalarda Hukuken Bağlanma Kastının Tespiti: Kapsamlı Ortak Eylem Planı Özelinde Bir İnceleme
Authors: AKKAYA Damla
Published: July 2020

Devletler arasında yapılan uluslararası anlaşmaların sayısı her geçen gün artmaktadır. Bununla birlikte, meydana gelen tüm anlaşmaların hukuken bağlayıcı olduğunu söylemek mümkün değildir. Uluslararası hukuk açısından, bir anlaşmanın hukuken bağlayıcı olup olmadığı son derece önemli bir meseledir. Nitekim bir anlaşmayla ilgili ortaya çıkabilecek uyuşmazlıkların uluslararası hukuk meselesi olup olmaması anlaşmanın hukuki bağlayıcılığı ile yakından ilgilidir. Anlaşmanın hukuki bağlayıcılığı tarafların hukuken bağlanma kastı doğrultusunda tespit edilir ve söz konusu anlaşmayla ilgili çıkabilecek uyuşmazlıklara uygulanacak kuralların belirlenmesini sağlar. Herhangi bir şekilde ifade edilebilen hukuken bağlanma kastının belirlenmesinde geçerli olan kesin bir ölçüt bulunmamakla beraber bu konuda yol gösterici olan pek çok kriter bulunmaktadır. P5+1 devletleri ile İran arasında yapılmış olan Kapsamlı Ortak Eylem Planı bu kriterler çerçevesinde değerlendirildiğinde ortaya çıkan sonuç söz konusu anlaşmanın hukuken bağlayıcı bir nitelik taşımadığıdır. Bu durum Kapsamlı Ortak Eylem Planı ile ilgili uyuşmazlıkları andlaşmalar hukuku çerçevesi dışında
bırakmaktadır.
Masyarakat Melayu di Belaga: Sejarah, Perdagangan, Penempatan dan Adaptasian
Authors: Langub Jayl
Published: July 2020

Komuniti Melayu di Belaga terdiri daripada dua perkampungan kecil: iaitu Kampung Melayu, Belaga, yang mempunyai 68 buah rumah dengan populasi sebanyak 648 penduduk; dan Kampung Hijrah, Belaga, yang mempunyai 27 buah rumah dengan populasi sebanyak 172 penduduk (Pejabat Daerah Belaga 2016). Kampung Hijrah pada mulanya merupakan sebahagian daripada Kampung Melayu Belaga sebelum berpecah menjadi dua buah kampung yang berbeza pada tahun 2014. Perubahan tersebut berlaku disebabkan kekurangan kawasan tanah bagi menampung pertambahan populasi penduduk kampung tersebut. Dengan jumlah keseluruhan populasi kedua-dua kampung sebanyak 820 penduduk, jumlah tersebut hanya mewakili sebahagian kecil daripada jumlah populasi daerah Belaga sebanyak 25,609 penduduk.Masyarakat Melayu ini merupakan keturunan para pedagang dari Brunei dan Sumatera serta keturunan keluarga Melayu Abang6 dari Sadong, Sarawak barat dan keluarga Kedayan dari Sibuti. Sebahagian daripada pedagang tersebut mengahwini wanita tempatan dan terdapat juga pasangan yang tidak mempunyai cahaya mata mengambil anak angkat daripada keluarga tempatan. Secara keseluruhannya, golongan tersebut merupakan antara penduduk terawal di kampung Melayu Belaga.