bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
MSF and Ebola in Nord Kivu
Authors: Roberts Natalie
Published: January 2023

This article explores the actions of Médecins Sans Frontières
during the 2018–20 Ebola outbreak in Nord Kivu, in the Democratic
Republic of Congo. Based on the experiences of practitioners involved in the
response, including the author, and on the public positioning of MSF during the
first year of the epidemic, it argues that although the actions of response
actors were usually well intentioned, they could rarely be described as
lifesaving, may have exacerbated disease transmission as much as limited it and
had the perverse effect of fuelling corruption and violence. The article
documents and analyses contradictions in MSF’s moral and technical
positioning, and the complicated relationship between the organisation and the
international and Congolese institutions leading the response. It argues that
the medical and social failure of the response was the result of an initial
belief in a strategy designed at a time when the only realistically attainable
outcome was to relieve suffering, and of the later inability of the organisation
to convince the authorities in charge of the response to adjust their approach.
It suggests that for future success new protocols must be elaborated and agreed
based on a better social and political comprehension and a better understanding
of the tools now available.
Care Homes in Spain in the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Di Lollo Maria Ximena , Cocina Elena Estrada , De Bartolome Gisbert Francisco , González Juarez Raquel , Garcia Mingo Ana
Published: January 2023

When the COVID-19 pandemic struck in early 2020, it rapidly became apparent that
older individuals were at greater risk of serious illness and death. The risk
was even greater for residents in care homes, who live in close proximity and
may be suffering other comorbidities. Such facilities also saw a high turnover
of staff and visitors, meaning an increased risk of transmission. Data has
suggested that care home residents may account for up to a half of all
COVID-related deaths in Spain.

As morbidity and mortality for COVID-19 was increasing in March 2020, MSF offered
support to Spanish care homes during the first wave of infections. Our
intervention included different axes: advocacy, knowledge sharing, training and
implementation of measures for a reduction in transmission and for infection
prevention and control (IPC).

The situation for care home residents was dire, with many people dying alone,
away from loved ones and without access to palliative care. Staff were
overwhelmed and ill-equipped to deal with the scale and complexity of this
tragedy.

Although technical interventions to reduce transmission were crucial, it became
clear that other people-centred activities that supported residents, their
families and staff, were of equal importance, including facilitating contact
between families, providing emotional support and offering adequate pain
management and palliative care.

Residents in care homes have the same rights as everyone else. In the event of
future crises, the most vulnerable should not be neglected.
Digital Transformation of Science and Education: International Conference in Tashkent
Authors: Ishankhodzhaeva Zamira Raiimovna , Tagaev Zhasur Erkinovich
Published: January 2023

The article is devoted to the scientific and practical conference with foreign participation "The importance of digital technologies in the study of the history of Uzbekistan", held by the Department of History of Uzbekistan of the Mirzo Ulugbek National University of Uzbekistan on September 28, 2022. The introduction of digital technologies in science and education is a necessary condition for the development of society in the context of digital transformation. To train modern specialists in all areas of education, it is necessary to use digital technologies in educational programs at the university and postgraduate levels, as well as in research activities. Today, virtual museums, creative exhibitions, various online conferences are organized in Uzbekistan, which contribute to the rapprochement of peoples and actively attract young people. All this was discussed at the conference. About 100 reports on the main directions of digital transformation of science and education were presented at the conference. Special attention was paid to virtual reconstructions of cultural and historical heritage, digital technologies in archeology, informatization and digital technologies in historical education. The conference supported the efforts of Uzbek universities to form a unified scientific and educational space and called for extensive training of specialists using digital methods in historical science and education. The participants of the conference noted the high level of its holding and organization and proposed to make the conference traditional – to hold it every two years.
O profesor Marii Wojtak
Authors: Dobrzyńska Teresa , Malinowska Ewa , Witosz Bożena , Mazur Jan , Rončáková Terézia , Kępa-Figura Danuta , Czachur Waldemar , Bilut-Homplewicz Zofia
Published: January 2023

Rozmowa z prof. Teresą Dobrzyńską (Instytut Badań Literackich PAN, Warszawa), prof. Ewą Malinowską (Uniwersytet Opolski), prof. Bożeną Witosz (Uniwersytet Śląski), prof. Janem Mazurem (Uniwersytet Marii Curie-Skłodowskiej), prof. Terézią Rončákovą (Katolícka univerzita v Ružomberku) oraz z prof. Danutą Kępą-Figurą (Uniwersytet Marii Curie-Skłodowskiej) na temat wkład prof. Marii Wojtak w rozwój badań dotyczących stylistyki, genologii lingwistycznej, języka religii.
Olga Tokarczuk’s Flights as an example of genre transformation in the contemporary novel – a linguistic and literary view
Authors: Hanus Anna , Austin Patrycja
Published: January 2023

Drawing from both German and Polish linguistic and literary perspectives, the article attempts to examine genre changes within the genre pattern of the novel and decide whether Olga Tokarczuk’s Flights, described by the author herself as a novel, should be attributed to this genre. We assume that linguistic and literary tools will allow us to determine the most characteristic features of contemporary novel productions to decide on the nature of changes taking place within the studied genre. Looking at Tokarczuk’s work not through the prism of a single genre but, following Maria Wojtak, Kirsten Adamzik or Ulla Fix, from the perspective of inter-genre relations, allows not only to conclude that the analyzed material is located on the fringes of the genre pattern of the novel but also to see other inter-textual dependencies and consider the text under study as a genre in the form of a collection.
Nyt lys på gamle data
Authors: Höder Steffen
Published: January 2023

Georg Wenkers Sprogatlas over Det Tyske Rige er et klassisk dialektologisk projekt fra sluttet af 1800-tallet, hvor der blev samlet data ind fra (næsten) alle skoledistrikter i hele det daværende Tyskland. Projektets data bliver stadig brugt inden for tysk dialektforskning, og alle spørgeskemaer er efterhånden blevet publiceret digitalt. Mindre kendt er, at materialet ikke kun indeholder data på tysk, men også på mindretalssprogene, der blev talt inden for de daværende tyske grænser. Blandt disse er også sønderjyske data fra i alt 287 skoledistrikter i det forhenværende hertugdømme Slesvig, der i dag er opdelt mellem Danmark og Tyskland. Traditionelt har man inden for dansk dialektforskning ikke anset de danske Sprogatlas-data som særligt interessant, først og fremmest fordi man mente, at det var i høj grad præget af metodiske artefakter, fordi det består af skriftlige oversættelser fra standardtysk til dialekterne. Afvigelser fra de forventede danske strukturer er således tit blevet forklaret med primingeffekter i oversættelsesprocessen. På den anden side har nyere forskning vist, at materialet alligevel kan bruges til undersøgelser af autentiske sprogkontaktfænomener, dvs. tyskpåvirkede træk i de sønderjyske dialekters grammatik. Denne artikel diskuterer de sønderjyske data ud fra et kontaktlingvistisk perspektiv. Dette indebærer både en metodisk diskussion og fire korte casestudier af udvalgte grammatiske træk. Studierne viser for det første, at materialet bør anses som en værdifuld dokumentarisk ressource, der godt kan bruges i kontaktlingvistiske analyser. For det andet demonstrerer de, at tyskpåvirkede grammatiske træk i en vis udstrækning må anses som autentiske og fast etablerede i 1800-tallets sønderjysk.
Effective short-term forecasts of Saudi stock price trends using technical indicators and large-scale multivariate time series
Authors: Aseeri Ahmad O.
Published: January 2023

Forecasting the stock market trend and movement is a challenging task due to multiple factors, including the stock’s natural volatility and nonlinearity. It concerns discovering the market’s hidden patterns with respect to time to enable proactive decision-making and better futuristic insights. Recurrent neural network-based methods have been a prime candidate for solving complex and nonlinear sequences, including the task of modeling multivariate time series forecasts. Due to the lack of comprehensive and reference work in short-term forecasts for the Saudi stock price and trends, this article introduces a comprehensive and accurate forecasting methodology tailored to the Saudi stock market. Two steps were configured to render effective short-term forecasts. First, a custom-built feature engineering streamline was constructed to preprocess the raw stock data and enable financial-related technical indicators, followed by a stride-based sliding window to produce multivariate time series data ready for the modeling phase. Second, a well-architected Gated Recurrent Unit (GRU) model was constructed and carefully calibrated to yield accurate multi-step forecasts, which was trained using the recently published historical multivariate time-series data from the primary Saudi stock market index (TASI index), in addition to being benchmarked against a suitable baseline model, namely Vector Autoregression Moving-Average with Exogenous Regressors (VARMAX). The output predictions from the proposed GRU model and the VARMAX model were evaluated using a set of regression-based metrics to assess and interpret the model precision. The empirical results demonstrate that the proposed methodology yields outstanding short-term forecasts of the Saudi stock price trends price compared to existing efforts related to this work.
The Role of Framing Effect and Social Value Orientation in Cooperation in Repeated Social Dilemmas
Authors:   Slovak Academy of Sciences, Grežo Matúš , Pilárik Ľubor ,   Matej Bel University
Published: January 2023

The research in the area of framing effect has thoroughly addressed the question whether individuals cooperate more in negatively framed situations than in positively framed situations. However, so far, the studies brought inconsistent results. In the present study, it is hypothesized that the effect of framing on cooperative behavior depends on person's social value orientation. 79 Slovak university students (19 men, 60 women) divided into five small social groups were presented with a decomposed game to measure their social value orientation. Then, they cooperated in 9 repeated decisions within 2 different social dilemmas about the distribution of the financial resources. After each decision, either negatively or positively framed information was provided about how the groups' financial resources were affected. The results of the semi-robust two-way MANOVA showed that framing effect did not significantly affect cooperation, but social value orientation did. Importantly, social value orientation did not moderate the effect of framing on cooperation. The findings indicate the need for further examination of other possible factors, such as emotions, that may moderate or mediate the effect of framing on cooperation.
Effect of Haemoglobin and Iron Status of the Antenatal Mothers on their Newborns at Birth: A Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Jagannathan Hemachitra , Ramachandran Arunkumar , Subramanian Vijaya , Shanmugam Aravind , Rajendran Karthick
Published: January 2023

Introduction: Iron deficiency (ID) anaemia in pregnant mothers can affect the iron reserves of their newborns and lead to anaemia later. The haematological indices and iron status of pregnant women and its correlation with their neonates is still unclear. Aim: To assess the correlation between maternal and cord blood Hb and iron status. Materials and Methods: The present cross-sectional study included 134 antenatal mothers, at term gestation without any significant antenatal complications. Complete haemogram, serum iron, ferritin, and iron binding capacity were assessed for these mothers before delivery and also from the cord blood samples of their newborns at birth. Statistical difference and correlation were observed using Chi-square test and Pearson’s correlation coefficient. Results: Maternal anaemia Hb <11 gm/dL) was observed in 62 (46.3%). The mean Hb and ferritin of the mothers were 11.06±1.02 gm/dL and 113.3±7.1 μg/L, respectively. The mean Hb and ferritin levels of the cord blood samples were 12.24±0.17 gm/dL and 214.3±20.1 μg/L, respectively. In univariate analysis, maternal Hb showed a significant correlation with cord blood Hb with Odds Ratio (OR) 0.508 and 95% Confidence Interval (CI): 0.428-0.603. The Pearson’s correlation showed a moderate correlation between mother and cord blood Packed Cell Volume (PCV) (r=0.344, p<0.001) and weak correlation between other maternal and cord blood iron indices and serum ferritin (r=0.191, p=0.027 and r=0.203, p=0.019). Conclusion: There is a significant correlation between maternal and cord blood Hb in term neonates. The study indicates that the haematological indices of pregnant women determine the neonatal Hb in term babies.
Trushield NXT Non Adherent Wound Dressing versus Standard of Care Dressing among Women Undergoing Obstetric and Gynaecological Surgeries: A Randomised Clinical Study
Authors: Ray Rathindranath , Sarkar Rehana , Gupta Subhalaxmi , Halder Tirna
Published: January 2023

Introduction: Surgical Site Infection (SSI) is the most frequently reported postsurgical wound complication worldwide. Trushield NXT is a non adherent dressing with a unique non leaching physical mechanism of action antimicrobial property, whereas the Standard of Care (SOC) dressing is made with cotton, povidone, and leucoplast which is primarily used as a barrier dressing. Aim: To compare the effectiveness of Trushield NXT non adherent wound dressing over SOC dressing (cotton+povidone+leucoplast) in postoperative wound management of obstetric and gynaecological surgeries. Materials and Methods: This was an investigator-initiated, single-centre, prospective, two-arm, parallel-group, randomised (1:1) clinical study conducted in the Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Institute of Post-Graduate Medical Education and Research and Seth Sukhlal Karnani Memorial Hospital, Kolkata, West Bengal, India, between 7th February 2022 and 18th May 2022. A total of 114 patients were screened but finally 111 were selected for the study and randomised to Trushield NXT non adherent wound dressing (n=56) and SOC (n=55) groups. Women in the age group of 18-65 years, undergoing obstetric and/or gynaecological surgeries at the site were enrolled in the study after fulfilling the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Patients underwent surgery (caesarean section/hysterectomy) as per the standard institutional practice and were followed-up on day 3±1, day 8±1, day 42±7. The primary endpoint was the evaluation of SSI using the Additional treatment, Serous discharge, Erythema, Purulent exudate, Separation of deep tissues, Isolation of bacteria and Stay (ASEPSIS) scoring system, along with dressing time and the number of dressing changes. The secondary endpoints include assessment of pain using a Visual Analog Scale (VAS), and pain during dressing removal, evaluation of ease of application/usage/ removal of the dressing, modified Hollander wound score scale, wound healing score, and patient satisfaction of wound dressing and wound healing. Statistical analysis was done using Student’s t-test or Mann-Whitney U test for continuous variables or Moses’ test for extreme reaction. A p-value of ≤0.05 was considered significant. Results: Statistically significant difference favouring Trushield NXT was observed between the two groups of Trushield NXT and SOC in terms of asepsis scoring (6.97±0.63 vs. 7.04±0.61; p-value <0.0001), dressing time (39.16 vs 101.07 secs; p-value <0.0001), pain score (3.28 vs 3.82; day 8), pain during dressing removal (30.63 vs 59.2; p-value <0.0001) and patient satisfaction (3.71 vs 3.24; p-value <0.0001). Conclusion: Trushield NXT was found to be superior to SOC for postoperative wound management in obstetric and gynaecological surgeries.
Effect of Intrathecal Dexmedetomidine as an Adjuvant for Labour Analgesia
Authors: Sharma Monika , Chandak Aruna
Published: January 2023

Opioids analgesics have been used commonly among several patients in labour in various studies but side effects associated with use of opioids during painless delivery are the main factors that affect rapid postpartum recovery. Opioid use can result in risk of respiratory depression in the patient and can also disrupt the baby’s breathing and heart rate. So, the non opioid analgesic dexmedetomidine, a new alpha-2-adrenergic agonist came into existence, was evaluated and used intrathecally among parturients as an alternative adjuvant. The aim of the present review article was to establish the effect of non opioid analgesic dexmedetomidine, to assess the potency and the safety of dexmedetomidine when given intrathecally as an adjuvant to neuraxial block among patients in labour. Studies report that addition of dexmedetomidine improves the quality of the block, causes an early onset and better length of the sensory block, enhances the onset and duration of the motor block, as well as the onset of analgesia. Additionally, this lengthens the time needed to restore analgesia. Use of dexmedetomidine in combination with bupivacaine significantly prolonges the sensory block time in pregnant women.
Translucency and Wear of Pressable Lithium Disilicate and Zirconia-reinforced Lithium Silicate Glass-ceramics: An In-vitro Study
Authors: Potdukhe Shruti S , Iyer Janani M , Nadgere Jyoti B
Published: January 2023

Introduction: New ceramic materials have been introduced with less research on their aesthetic outcome and durability for clinical implications. Lithium disilicate is one of the widely used materials for restoration. Recently, Zirconia-reinforced Lithium Silicate (ZLS) glass-ceramic enriched with 10% zirconia in highly dispersed glass phase of ceramic has been introduced. Aim: To investigate the translucency of pressable Lithium Disilicate (LS2 ) and ZLS and their effects on wear of opposing enamel. Materials and Methods: This in-vitro study was carried out at MGM Dental College and Hospital, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India, between January 2017 and January 2020. Twenty disks of 15×3 mm; 10 each of LS2 and ZLS were fabricated by hot pressing method. For translucency Commission Internationale de l’Eclairage (CIE) L*a*b values for each sample were measured against black and white background using a laboratory reflectance spectrophotometer. Translucency was calculated using Translucency Parameter (TP)= {(L*B-L*W)2 +(a*Ba*W)2 +(b*B-b*W)2 }1/2. For wear testing same 20 disks were used as an antagonist. Enamel specimen of 20 maxillary premolar were abraded against each antagonist with two body wear testing machine in rotational motion under a constant load of 20 N at 350 rpm for 5000 cycles. The initial readings and final readings of enamel specimen in μm were measured using contact stylus profilometer. Non parametric Mann-Whitney U test was used to compare the significance of difference between two groups. Results: The TP values obtained were 23.07 and 24.04 for LS2 and ZLS, respectively (p-value=0.004). The mean wear values obtained were 0.71860 μm and 1.09500 μm for LS2 and ZLS, respectively (p-value=0.049). The difference for both the parameters was statistically significant. Conclusion: Within the limitation of this study, ZLS showed higher translucency values than LS2 . Wear rate of opposing enamel was more with ZLS than LS2 . Thus ZLS may provide excellent aesthetics which can be used as an option for rehabilitation in aesthetic zone.
Multidimensional Food Security Index: A Comprehensive Approach
Authors: Kini Janvier
Published: January 2023

The major challenge in measuring food and nutrition security is to provide policymakers with a single comprehensive measure that is valid, reliable, comparable over time and space, and captures all various elements of food security. Several indicators have been developed for this purpose. However, most of these indicators appear to be limited in capturing all aspects of food and nutrition security, and a comprehensive approach to this measurement requires further investigation. This study introduced a multidimensional food security index for this debate. This index was applied using survey data from 1832 households in Burkina Faso. The study concludes that policymakers should avoid using the easiest and incomplete approaches in measuring food and nutrition security if they expect to know the real situation on the ground.
Skill Development of Students for Economic Empowerment
Authors: Singh Poonam , Ojha Pragya , Meena N. R.
Published: January 2023

A study was conducted in College of Home Science, Department of Family Resource Management and Consumer Science organized skill development classes for the economic empowerment of the students. These classes are geared towards the needs of students in a particular context keeping in view their social needs, culture and geographic realities. The present study was carried out to enhance the economic empowerment of students of Kumarganj through skill development. A Total 124 respondents participated in the study. Primary data were collected through interview schedule. Results revealed that about 80 percent of the respondents improved their skills in functional and decorative crafts while 87 percent respondents contributed to family income. Following a skill development programme, 70% of respondents agreed that they had improved their leadership and communication skills. The findings indicated that organising students into self-help groups was a relevant strategy for empowering them, as poor students expressed a strong tendency to derive strength from being a member of the group. The intervention of Family Resource Management and consumer science had a positive impact on students' functional status. It was observed that there is a perfect fit between skills, resource available, technological options and marketing avenues.
Analysis of Hybrid Stochastic Gompertz Model with Time Delay
Authors: Hu Guixin , Li Bingqing
Published: January 2023

This study explores a hybrid stochastic delay Gompertz model under regime switching. It is proved that the model has a unique global positive solution. Suficient conditions for persistence in mean and extinction are obtained. The results show that the random perturbations and time delays could effect the persistence and extinction of the model.
Early Prediction of Asymptomatic Cardiac Insult in Pediatric Patients with Lysosomal Storage Diseases
Authors: Abuzaid Yasmine , Dawoud Heba El Sayed , Suliman Ghada Abdul Moemn , Badreldeen Alshimaa , Toulba Osama Abd Rab El Rasool , Elezz Ahmed Abd El Basset Abo
Published: January 2023

Introduction: An essential separate and curable cause of cardiomyopathy, lysosomal storage disorders are defined by the increasing buildup of undigested material within lysosomes, which causes cellular dysfunction in a variety of organs, including the heart. Due to the function of oxidative stress in many inborn errors of metabolism, many studies are evaluating oxidative stress and hence the role of antioxidants in patients with LSDs.

The Aim of This Study: Was to perform a comprehensive evaluation of cardiac function in patients with a lysosomal storage disease and measure a biomarker that could be associated with impaired cardiac function and correlate this biomarker with echo findings.

Patients and Methods: This were a prospective case-control study including 30 patients with LSDs and an equal number of healthy individuals of matched age and sex who served as the control group. The study was conducted at the Pediatric Department of Tanta University Hospital's Medical Genetics and IEM Unit. All participants were subjected to a comprehensive history and physical examination, serum NT-proBNP, and comprehensive cardiac evaluation was done using tissue Doppler imaging and speckling tracking echo.

Results: There was evidence of subclinical diastolic and systolic dysfunction in patients who had no symptoms with LSDs assessed by STE and TDI in comparison with the healthy controls. Patients with LSDs had significantly higher levels of serum NT-proBNP than controls.

Conclusion: These findings suggest that patients with LSDs have a subclinical cardiomyopathy as compared to healthy controls.
The Influence of the Use of Rotary Photo Tables for the Presentation of Goods on the Volume of their Sale in Online Stores
Authors: Petrov Dmitriy
Published: January 2023

Aims: The purpose of this article was to confirm the dependence between the volume of sales of goods by online stores and the use of rotary photo tables for the presentation of goods, using mathematical methods and models. The use of correlation-regression analysis to assess economic processes and trends, as well as the development of a model of dependence between the volume of sales of goods by an online store and the use of rotary photo tables for the presentation of goods.

Study Design: In order to determine the relationship between the volume of sales of goods in the online store and the use of rotary photo tables for the presentation of goods, an economic and mathematical modeling was carried out in the work based on the database of online stores «Yin.gold», «Nihaoejwelry Wholesale Store», «W.P. Jewellery».

Methodology: The following methods were used in this research: analysis, synthesis, induction, deduction, comparison, grouping, methods of mathematical modeling and mathematical statistics. The use of these methods is aimed at achieving the tasks set in the research. The information base of the research consists of the works of recognized specialists, as well as data from the online stores «Yin.gold», «Nihaoejwelry Wholesale Store», «W.P. Jewellery».

Results: On the basis of mathematical methods (correlation-regression analysis), it was confirmed an actual dependence between the volume of sales of goods by online stores and the number of goods that are presented with the help of photos and videos made with the use of rotary tables for photography. The economic effect of using rotary photo tables for object photography for the investigated online stores is quantified.

Conclusion: The conducted research confirmed the high importance of using rotary photo tables for the presentation of goods in the online store. The economic interpretation of the parameters of each of the built models shows that the increase in the number of products presented on the website of the online store with the use of rotary tables for photography leads to an increase in the volume of sales.
Predisposing and Precipitating Factors Associated With Delirium
Authors: Ormseth Cora H. , LaHue Sara C. , Oldham Mark A. , Josephson S. Andrew , Whitaker Evans , Douglas Vanja C.
Published: January 2023

Importance

Despite discrete etiologies leading to delirium, it is treated as a common end point in hospital and in clinical trials, and delirium research may be hampered by the attempt to treat all instances of delirium similarly, leaving delirium management as an unmet need. An individualized approach based on unique patterns of delirium pathophysiology, as reflected in predisposing factors and precipitants, may be necessary, but there exists no accepted method of grouping delirium into distinct etiologic subgroups.

Objective

To conduct a systematic review to identify potential predisposing and precipitating factors associated with delirium in adult patients agnostic to setting.

Evidence Review

A literature search was performed of PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and PsycINFO from database inception to December 2021 using search Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) terms consciousness disorders, confusion, causality, and disease susceptibility, with constraints of cohort or case-control studies. Two reviewers selected studies that met the following criteria for inclusion: published in English, prospective cohort or case-control study, at least 50 participants, delirium assessment in person by a physician or trained research personnel using a reference standard, and results including a multivariable model to identify independent factors associated with delirium.

Findings

A total of 315 studies were included with a mean (SD) Newcastle-Ottawa Scale score of 8.3 (0.8) out of 9. Across 101 144 patients (50 006 [50.0%] male and 49 766 [49.1%] female patients) represented (24 015 with delirium), studies reported 33 predisposing and 112 precipitating factors associated with delirium. There was a diversity of factors associated with delirium, with substantial physiological heterogeneity.

Conclusions and Relevance

In this systematic review, a comprehensive list of potential predisposing and precipitating factors associated with delirium was found across all clinical settings. These findings may be used to inform more precise study of delirium’s heterogeneous pathophysiology and treatment.
Outcomes of Patients With Atrial Fibrillation Following Thrombectomy for Stroke
Authors: Kobeissi Hassan , Ghozy Sherief , Seymour Trey , Gupta Rishabh , Bilgin Cem , Kadirvel Ramanathan , Rabinstein Alejandro A. , Kallmes David F.
Published: January 2023

Importance

Patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) treated with mechanical thrombectomy (MT) for acute ischemic stroke (AIS) have been reported to experience worse outcomes compared with patients without AF.

Objective

To assess differences between patients with AF and their counterparts without AF treated with MT for AIS, focusing on safety outcomes, clinical outcomes, and baseline characteristics in both groups.

Data Sources

A systematic literature review of the English language literature from inception to July 14, 2022, was conducted using Web of Science, Embase, Scopus, and PubMed databases.

Study Selection

Studies that focused on patients with and without AF treated with MT for AIS were included. Multiple reviewers screened studies to identify studies included in analysis.

Data Extraction and Synthesis

Data were extracted following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses reporting guideline to ensure accuracy. Data were pooled using a random-effects model.

Main Outcomes and Measures

The primary outcome of interest was rate of modified Rankin Scale (mRS) scores of 0 to 2 at 90 days. Secondary outcomes of interest included rates of successful reperfusion, defined as thrombolysis in cerebral infarction (TICI) scores of 2b to 3, 90-day mortality, symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage (SICH), and baseline patient characteristics.

Results

Of 1696 initially retrieved studies, 10 studies were included, with 6543 patients. Patients with AF were a mean of 10.17 (95% CI, 8.11-12.23) years older (P < .001) and had higher rates of hypertension (OR, 1.89 [95% CI, 1.57-2.27]; P < .001) and diabetes (OR, 1.16 [95% CI, 1.02-1.31]; P = .02). Overall, there were comparable rates of mRS scores of 0 to 2 between patients with AF and patients without AF (odds ratio [OR], 0.72 [95% CI, 0.47-1.10]; P = .13), with significant heterogeneity among the included studies. After sensitivity analysis, the rate of mRS scores of 0 to 2 was significantly lower among patients with AF (OR, 0.65 [95% CI, 0.52-0.81]; P < .001). Successful reperfusion rates were similar between the groups (OR, 1.11 [95% CI, 0.78-1.58]; P = .57). The rate of SICH was similar between groups (OR, 1.05 [95% CI, 0.84-1.31]; P = .68). Mortality was significantly higher in the AF group (OR, 1.47 [95% CI, 1.12-1.92]; P = .005).

Conclusions and Relevance

In this systematic review and meta-analysis, patients with AF experienced worse 90-day outcomes, even in the setting of similar rates of successful reperfusion. This was likely associated with greater age and greater rates of comorbidities among patients with AF.
Optimizing the Electronic Structure of Ruthenium Oxide by Neodymium Doping for Enhanced Acidic Oxygen Evolution Catalysis
Authors: Li Lu , Zhang Gengwei , Xu Jingwen , He Huijie , Wang Bin , Yang Zhimao , Yang Shengchun
Published: January 2023

It is a great challenge to design active and durable oxygen evolution reaction (OER) electrocatalysts for proton exchange membrane (PEM) electrolyzer due to the high dissolution of electrocatalysts in acidic solution. Herein, the Nd‐doped RuO2 (Nd0.1RuOx) is developed for enhanced oxygen evolution in 0.5 m H2SO4 solution with an overpotential of 211 mV to achieve 10 mA cm−2. The theoretical calculation reveals that the improved activity of Nd0.1RuOx is due to the moderate decrease of d‐band center energy, which balances the adsorption and desorption of oxygen intermediates. Moreover, the formation of more high valence state Ru4+ in Nd0.1RuOx is beneficial to the chemical stability of Ru species during the OER process, indicating that the introduction of Nd can effectively suppress the dissolution of Ru in acidic electrolytes. In addition, the PEM electrolyzer using Nd0.1RuOx/CC as the anode can be operated at 10 mA cm−2 stably for 50 h. This study sheds new light on the design of the OER catalysts in acid by engineering the electronic structure of RuO2.
Elastomers Grow into Actuators
Authors: Liang Huan , Wu Yahe , Zhang Yubai , Chen Erqiang , Wei Yen , Ji Yan
Published: January 2023

It is common knowledge that when an elastomer (rubber) is stretched, its length will be maintained if its two ends are fixed. Here, it is serendipitously found that when an elastomer is slowly elongated further to achieve buckling under such conditions, the final length is much longer than the pre‐stretched length. This allows the design of untethered autonomous synthetic‐material‐based soft robots that do not need any other chemical or electrical energy sources or external stimuli after the pre‐strain is installed. Once the growth starts, the elongation continues to proceed even when the applied force is removed. Moreover, the elastomer, after growing, eventually forms a robust soft actuator that can be reshaped for different purposes. Few synthetic materials can grow like this, so far. This investigation shows that the material has an uncommon liquid crystal phase. Contrary to normal liquid crystals, it becomes birefringent only at high temperatures. The formation and the reshaping of the resulting soft actuators relate to a usually unnoticed reversible reaction. The work is promising to promote further understanding of dynamic covalent chemistry and liquid crystal elastomers, as well as to foster new designs and high‐impact applications of bioinspired sustainable soft actuators in areas other than soft robots.
3D Printing of Self‐Assembling Nanofibrous Multidomain Peptide Hydrogels
Authors: Farsheed Adam C. , Thomas Adam J. , Pogostin Brett H. , Hartgerink Jeffrey D.
Published: January 2023

3D printing has become one of the primary fabrication strategies used in biomedical research. Recent efforts have focused on the 3D printing of hydrogels to create structures that better replicate the mechanical properties of biological tissues. These pose a unique challenge, as soft materials are difficult to pattern in three dimensions with high fidelity. Currently, a small number of biologically derived polymers that form hydrogels are frequently reused for 3D printing applications. Thus, there exists a need for novel hydrogels with desirable biological properties that can be used as 3D printable inks. In this work, the printability of multidomain peptides (MDPs), a class of self‐assembling peptides that form a nanofibrous hydrogel at low concentrations, is established. MDPs with different charge functionalities are optimized as distinct inks and are used to create complex 3D structures, including multi‐MDP prints. Additionally, printed MDP constructs are used to demonstrate charge‐dependent differences in cellular behavior in vitro. This work presents the first time that self‐assembling peptides have been used to print layered structures with overhangs and internal porosity. Overall, MDPs are a promising new class of 3D printable inks that are uniquely peptide‐based and rely solely on supramolecular mechanisms for assembly.
Atomic Aerogel Materials (or Single‐Atom Aerogels): An Interesting New Paradigm in Materials Science and Catalysis Science
Authors: Li Zesheng , Li Bolin , Yu Changlin
Published: January 2023

The concept of “single‐atom catalysis” is first proposed by Tao Zhang, Jun Li, and Jingyue Liu in 2011. Single‐atom catalysts (SACs) have a very high catalytic activity and greatly improved atom utilization ratio. At present, SACs have become frontier materials in the field of catalysis. Aerogels are highly porous materials with extremely low density and extremely high porosity. These pores play a key role in determining their surface reactivity and mechanical stability. The alliance of SACs and aerogels can fully reflect their structural advantages and lead to new enhancement effects. Herein, a general concept of “atomic aerogel materials” (AAMs) (or single‐atom aerogels (SAAs)) is proposed to describe this interesting new paradigm in both material and catalysis fields. Based on the basic units of “gel,” the AAMs can be divided into two categories: carrier‐level AAMs (with micro‐, nano‐, or sub‐nanometer pore structures) and atomic‐level AAMs (with atomic‐defective or oxygen‐bridged sub‐nanopore structures). The basic unit of the former (i.e., single‐atom‐functionalized aerogels) is the carrier materials in nanostructures, and the latter (i.e., single‐atom‐built aerogels) is the single metal atoms in atomic structures. The atomic‐defective or oxygen‐bridged AAMs will be important development directions in versatile heterogeneous catalytic or noncatalytic fields. The design proposals, latent challenges, and coping strategies of this new “atomic nanosystem” in applications are pointed out as well.
Retinal Projection Near‐Eye Displays with Huygens’ Metasurfaces
Authors: Song Weitao , Liang Xinan , Li Shiqiang , Moitra Parikshit , Xu Xuewu , Lassalle Emmanuel , Zheng Yuanjin , Wang Yongtian , Paniagua‐Domínguez Ramón , Kuznetsov Arseniy I.
Published: January 2023

Most of current commercial near‐eye 3D displays use traditional stereoscopic approach to generate the 3D information. A well‐known issue for this type of technology is the vergence and accommodation conflict, which leads to visual confusion and fatigue for the viewer. To address this problem, a proof‐of‐concept solution based on retinal projection technology has been developed to provide accommodation‐free virtual images by using a small aperture (360 µm × 360 µm) transparent Huygens’ metasurface hologram as the display device. The virtual image is generated using a visible laser illuminating a metasurface hologram, which is then directly projected onto the retina using an optical see‐through eyepiece. Using this concept, this work experimentally demonstrates a compact and wearable near‐eye display of light weight (≈50 g, including spectacle frames, light source, and battery) creating accommodation‐free images (clear ranging from 0.5 to 2 m), overlaid with the real world and directly viewed by naked eye. To do so, a new design method is introduced for retinal projection near‐eye displays that, inherently, is able to solve the vergence‐accommodation conflict using a small aperture Huygens’ metasurface hologram.
N‐Chlorosuccinimide‐Promoted One‐Pot Synthesis of Substituted 4,5‐Dihydroisoxazole‐5‐methanols in Aqueous Medium
Authors: Jia Yunfei , Ablajan Keyume
Published: January 2023

Herein, a catalyst‐free method for synthesizing 4,5‐dihydroisoxazole‐5‐methanols is proposed, whereby isoxazolines are constructed through the NCS‐mediated 1,3‐dipolar cycloaddition reaction of aldoximes and allyl alcohol in the presence of K2CO3 at room temperature via a one‐pot route. The reaction was achieved in water medium to introduce a low‐cost direct protocol for synthesizing isoxazolines. This method offers advantages including the use of an oxidant‐free and transition metal‐free approach, broad scope of allyl alcohol and aldoxime substrates, room‐temperature reaction, good to higher yields (42–92%), and involvement of a gram‐scale synthesis.

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Comparison of the International Consensus and 5th WHO edition classifications of adult myelodysplastic syndromes and acute myeloid leukemia
Authors: Falini Brunangelo , Martelli Maria Paola
Published: January 2023

Several editions of the World Health Organization (WHO) classifications of lympho‐hemopoietic neoplasms in 2001, 2008, and 2016 served as the international standard for diagnosis. Since the 4th WHO edition, here referred as WHO‐HAEM4, significant clinico‐pathological, immunophenotypic, and molecular advances have been made in the field of myeloid neoplasms, which have contributed to refine diagnostic criteria, to upgrade entities previously defined as provisional and to identify new entities. This process has resulted in two recent classification proposals of myeloid neoplasms: the International Consensus Classification (ICC) and the 5th edition of the WHO classification (WHO‐HAEM5). In this paper, we review and compare the two classifications in terms of diagnostic criteria and entity definition, with a focus on adult myelodysplastic syndromes/neoplasms (MDS) and acute myeloid leukemia (AML). The goal is to provide a tool to facilitate the work of pathologists, hematologists and researchers involved in the diagnosis and treatment of these hematological malignancies.
Coherent quantum states in resonant‐mass gravitational wave detectors
Authors: Frajuca Carlos , Selbach Lucas , da Silva Douglas Alves , de Sales Dinalva Aires , Ferrari Fabricio , Magalhaes Nadja Simao
Published: January 2023

This work describes the importance of quantum coherent states when a resonant‐mass gravitational wave detector absorbs energy from a gravitational wave in an amount very close to the quantum limit. In this case, quantum non‐demolition measurements become essential as well. As the main result, for a coherent‐state signal, the detector behaves as if the signal was a classical one.
Determination of vegetable tannins from plants in China
Authors: Zhang Liangliang , Xu Man , Guan Qinhao , Jiang Jianchun , Sun Kang , Manirafasha Emmanuel
Published: January 2023

Tannin is a chemical compound found in plants such as tea, with yellow or brown as a characteristic color. Tannin is present in any plant species’ wood, stems, barks, leaves, roots, and fruits. However, the tannin contents in those plants are not the same and plants rich in tannin are the most used raw material for industrial‐level tannin extraction, such as chestnut. The central purpose of this article was to identify the tannin content of vegetables. In this study, tannins were extracted from 72 plants in China. The contents and purities of tannins, non‐tannins and insoluble substances in those studied plants were determined. A gravimetric approach, using hider powder as a precipitate to bind tannins, has been developed to quantify total tannins in plants. The results showed that high contents of tannins (>20%) were found in Pltycarya strobilacea fruit, Quercus acutissima shell, Quercus variabilis shell, Acacia mearnsii bark, Albizia kalkora bark, Camellia oleifera wood, Rosa cymosa root, Rosa laevigata root, Rhus chinensis gallnut, Bruguiera sexangular bark, Kandelia candel bark, Ceriops tagal bark, Lumnitzera racemose bark and Dioscorea cirrhosa tuber. The purity of tannins was more than 70% in some plants: Larix gmelimi bark, Causuarina equisetifolia bark, P. strobilacea fruit, Castanopsis tibetana wood, Quercus aliena shell, Quercus chenii shell and bark, A. mearnsii bark, A. kalkora bark, Bruguiera gymnorrhiza bark, C. tagal bark, K. candel bark and D. cirrhosa tubers. These plants are excellent resources for vegetable tannins in China. © 2023 Society of Industrial Chemistry and John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
How the anchor moves: Measuring and comparing the anchoring bias in autistic and neurotypical individuals
Authors: Rogge Nicky
Published: January 2023

The present paper is an exploratory study of the anchoring bias among individuals with autism. Anchoring bias is one of the most robust choice heuristics. The anchoring bias is measured and compared among adults with autism and age‐, gender‐, and education level‐matched, neurotypical controls. The study differentiates between high and low anchors. Results show that individuals with autism are generally equally susceptible to the anchoring bias as neurotypical individuals in judgment and decision making.
Emulsion‐assisted interfacial polymerization strategy: Controllable architectural engineering of anisotropic and isotropic nanoparticles for high‐performance supercapacitors
Authors: Liu Yumeng , Li Li , Zhang Liangliang , Han Gengxu , Liu Zhilin , Huang Jiaxing , Zhang Ling , Luo Jiahuan , Zhu Zhu , Qiao Zhen‐An
Published: January 2023

Anisotropic nanoparticles have attracted extensive attention due to their potential applications in material transport, energy storage, and biopharmaceutical. However, due to the inadequate understanding of microscopic particle formation, controllable asymmetric growth is still a great challenge. Herein, we report a facile emulsion‐assisted interfacial polymerization strategy for the synthesis of nitrogen‐doped porous carbon particles (NPCPs) with tunable anisotropic/isotropic architectures. During the synthesis process, we can form emulsion droplets with different nanostructures directionally through dual routes, thereby assisting and mediating the polymerization and growth process of the monomer to obtain poly‐diaminopyridine nanoparticles with various architectures. The corresponding NPCPs with tunable specific surface area (125–362 m2 g−1), nitrogen content (10%–14%), and diverse morphologies can be acquired by calcination under N2 atmosphere at 700 °C. The synergetic effect of abundant microporous structures and active nitrogen species content contributes to improve the physicochemical properties, while the unique anisotropic architecture increases the charge diffusion efficiency and enhances the high‐rate stability. Therefore, the resultant NPCPs electrode exhibits a specific capacitance up to 275 F g−1 at 0.2 A g−1 and surface‐area‐normalized capacitance of 83.0 μF cm−2, indicating a promising material for high‐performance supercapacitors.