bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
VVVX-Gaia discovery of a low luminosity globular cluster in the Milky Way disk
Authors: Garro E. R. , Minniti D. , Gómez M. , Alonso-García J. , Barbá R. H. , Barbuy B. , Clariá J. J. , Chené A. N. , Dias B. , Hempel M. , Ivanov V. D. , Lucas P. W. , Majaess D. , Mauro F. , Moni Bidin C. , Palma T. , Pullen J. B. , Saito R. K. , Smith L. , Surot F. , Ramírez Alegría S. , Rejkuba M. , Ripepi V. , Fernández Trincado J.
Published: October 2020

Context. Milky Way globular clusters (GCs) are difficult to identify at low Galactic latitudes because of high differential extinction and heavy star crowding. The new deep near-infrared (IR) images and photometry from the VISTA Variables in the Via Láctea Extended Survey (VVVX) allow us to chart previously unexplored regions.

Aims. Our long term aim is to complete the census of Milky Way GCs. The immediate goals are to estimate the astrophysical parameters for the newly discovered GC candidates, measuring their reddenings, extinctions, distances, total luminosities, proper motions, sizes, metallicities, and ages.

Methods. We used the near-IR VVVX survey database, in combination with the optical photometry and proper motions (PMs) from Gaia Data Release 2 (DR2), and with the Two Micron All Sky Survey photometry to search for and characterise new GCs within the southern Galactic plane (|b| < 5°).

Results. We report the detection of a heretofore unknown Galactic GC at RA = 14:09:00.0; Dec = −65:37:12 (J2000) corresponding to l = 310.828 deg; and b = −3.944 deg in galactic coordinates. We calculate a reddening of E(J − Ks) = (0.3 ± 0.03) mag and an extinction of AKs = (0.15 ± 0.01) mag for this new GC. Its distance modulus and corresponding distance were measured as (m − M) = (15.93 ± 0.03) mag and D = (15.5 ± 1.0) kpc, respectively. We also estimate the metallicity and age by comparison with known GCs and by fitting PARSEC and Dartmouth isochrones, finding [Fe/H] = ( − 0.70 ± 0.2) dex and t = (11.0 ± 1.0) Gyr. The mean GC PMs from Gaia DR2 are μα* = ( − 4.68 ± 0.47) mas yr−1 and μδ = ( − 1.34 ± 0.45) mas yr−1. The total luminosity of our cluster is estimated to be MKs = ( − 7.76 ± 0.5) mag. The core and tidal radii from the radial density profile are rc ∼ 2.1′ (4.6 pc) and rt = 6.5′ (14.6 pc) at the cluster distance.

Conclusions. We have found a new low luminosity, old and metal-rich GC, situated in the far side of the Galactic disk at RG = 11.2 kpc from the Galactic centre and at z = 1.0 kpc below the plane. Interestingly, the location, metallicity, and age of this GC are coincident with the Monoceros ring structure.
Discovery of HC3O+ in space: The chemistry of O-bearing species in TMC-1
Authors: Cernicharo J. , Marcelino N. , Agúndez M. , Endo Y. , Cabezas C. , Bermúdez C. , Tercero B. , de Vicente P.
Published: October 2020

Using the Yebes 40m and IRAM 30m radio telescopes, we detected a series of harmonically related lines with a rotational constant B0 = 4460.590 ± 0.001 MHz and a distortion constant D0 = 0.511 ± 0.005 kHz towards the cold dense core TMC-1. High-level-of-theory ab initio calculations indicate that the best possible candidate is protonated tricarbon monoxide, HC3O+. We have succeeded in producing this species in the laboratory and observed its Ju − Jl = 2–1 and 3–2 rotational transitions. Hence, we report the discovery of HC3O+ in space based on our observations, theoretical calculations, and laboratory experiments. We derive an abundance ratio N(C3O)/N(HC3O+) ∼ 7. The high abundance of the protonated form of C3O is due to the high proton affinity of the neutral species. The chemistry of O-bearing species is modelled, and predictions are compared to the derived abundances from our data for the most prominent O-bearing species in TMC-1.
Features of snow retention and counteraction to wind erosion of soils due to high stubble residues formed by a reaper designed for two-phase harversting by batch method
Authors: Konstantinov Mikhail , Gluchkov Ivan , Nesvat Alexander , Gerasimenko Igor , Ognev Igor
Published: October 2020

The article deals with issues related to the territorial and climatic features of agricultural activities in the Russian Federation. Due to the large area of the country, the conditions for agriculture in different regions may differ greatly. At the same time, a significant part of the territory is affected by soil erosion. The main types of erosion are considered. The essence of the process of wind erosion or deflation and its key features are analyzed. In addition to soil erosion, insufficient soil moisture was noted as a disadvantage in a number of regions. A number of solutions to these problems are considered. As a solution to the problem, it is proposed to use a Reaper for two-phase harvesting of grain crops, which is equipped with a device for forming strips of high stubble residues. Formed high stubble residues provide snow retention and allow to counteract soil erosion. The paper deals with General issues of technology and design of the proposed machine. The results of theoretical and experimental field research related to the issues under consideration are presented.
Influence of parameters of a pneumatic grain seeder distributor on the uniform distribution of seeds
Authors: Ognev Igor I. , Zyryanov Anton P. , Pyataev Maksim V. , Gulyarenko Aleksandr A.
Published: October 2020

The article considers the issue of substantiating the distributing working body parameters for a pneumatic grain seeder. Work on the subject matter is mainly experimental in nature and not sufficiently deeply worked out theoretically. Based on computer simulation, the article determines the most preferred layout of the distributor dividing head, establishes a rational form of the reference cone and the location of the outlet pipes. Based on the simulation of the movement of seed grain particles, the individual design parameters of the distributor dividing head are specified. The results of experimental studies are presented confirming the theoretical background.
Study of the characteristics of soil surfaces as roads for agricultural robotic complexes
Authors: Zhukov Sergey , Belyakov Vladimir , Makarov Vladimir
Published: October 2020

The article is devoted to the study of using mobile robotic systems in agriculture. It is shown that it is necessary to know the physical and mechanical characteristics of the main support motion surfaces to calculate the mobility and efficiency of these complexes. This will allow calculating the movement resistance and traction force, and as a result, choosing the best appliance design for these conditions. Typical areas of agricultural land near the village of Belka in the Knyaginino district of the Nizhny Novgorod region were analyzed. More than 200 measurements were made. The dependencies for calculating the main soil parameters are described. It is obtained that the average values of the soil parameters change within the following limits: the deformation modulus is 15.5-23 N/cm2, the specific soil adhesion is 13.9-16.7 kPa, the internal friction angle is 14.8-16.4 degrees, the density is 1.09-1.14 g/cm3, the soil moisture is 035-16, 9%.
The Use of Intraoperative Skeletal Traction for the Repair of Pelvic Fractures: An Experimental Cadaveric Study
Authors: Bourbos Alexandros , Cinti Filippo , Sergiampietri Fabiana , Pisani Guido
Published: October 2020

Objective The purpose of this study was to evaluate the use of intraoperative skeletal traction for the surgical repair of pelvic fractures. Opposition and anchorage points for the application of traction were the same in all cadavers.

Materials and Methods Cadavers from 10 adult dogs with a median body weight of 31.9 kg (range: 20–38 kg) were used. The fractures were experimentally created in all dogs to produce an oblique iliac fracture on the left side and a transverse fracture on the right (total of 20 fractures) at the same time. Dogs were positioned on an operating table in lateral recumbency and traction was applied first on the left side and then on the right after changing the position of the animal. Increasing amounts of traction were applied to each fracture and recorded until a distraction length of 2 cm was created between the bone fragments. The Kolmogorov–Smirnov test confirmed normality of the data, and a paired t-test was used to compare traction of the two fracture types.

Results The measurement of traction and distraction of the bone fragments was possible in all fractures. A distraction of at least 2 cm was obtained with a mean peak traction force of 15.4 kg for transverse fractures and 18.6 kg for oblique fractures.

Conclusion Intraoperative skeletal traction provides a useful and reliable tool for the reduction in experimental oblique and transverse iliac fractures in dogs. There were strong correlations between body weight and the force required to obtain a distraction length of 2 cm in the fracture line; for oblique fractures, traction was related to the square of body weight, and for transverse fractures, the relationship between weight and required traction was near linear.
Synchronization precision analysis of a fractional-order hyperchaos with application to image encryption
Authors: Wang Shuying , Hong Ling , Jiang Jun , Li Xianfeng
Published: October 2020

This paper proposes an effective image encryption algorithm based on the transformational prospective synchronization of a fractional-order hyperchaotic system. Compared with other chaos-based algorithms, fractional orders and synchronization precision are added as secret keys. It is shown that fractional-order, in comparison with its integer counterpart, has bigger complexity and larger key-space. Numerical simulation test results and security analyses demonstrate good performance of the proposed algorithm by encrypting the color image, gray medical image, and binary image. Furthermore, it is found that the synchronization precision accounted for in the decryption process has a significant effect on the decryption resolution.
Preparation and characterization of silica@Eu spheres
Authors: Wang Jinqi , Li Lei , Wang Wei , Li Guopeng , Yang Chuankai , Wang Yao , Tang Jianguo
Published: October 2020

An unsophisticated preparation of silica@Eu spheres has been investigated. Many experimental tests, such as transmission electron microscopy and energy dispersive spectrometer mapping, were carried out to confirm that the rare earth complex coats the surface of silica spheres and also confirming the formation of silica@Eu. The combination of silica and a rare earth complex is realized by a simple binding force of nitrogen and fluorine in the ligand and the hydrogen bond on the surface of silica from an x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy test. The synthetic composite fluorescent microsphere greatly improves the thermal stability, as compared with a pure complex. The relationship between emission intensity and diameters of silica is also investigated. The results of the study found that as the size of silica increases, the fluorescence intensity enhances. Furthermore, the increase in size also extends the fluorescence lifetime to some extent. With the embedded structure, the europium complex has better dispersion and other properties, which means that it has broader application prospects, such as bioimaging, fluorescent markers, and optoelectronic devices.
The role of luminescence self-absorption in photocatalytic properties of self-assembled ZnS nanocrystals
Authors: Zhang J. , Yang L. , Cui Y. , Tang Y. L. , Xu J. Y. , Su Z. C. , Lao X. Z. , Bao Y. T. , Wang X. R. , Xu S. J.
Published: October 2020

In this work, we used a template-free method to synthesize zinc sulfide (ZnS) materials. The photocatalytic performances of the samples were evaluated, and the physical natures of the ZnS nanocrystals were determined by photoluminescence (PL). Interestingly, the temperature-dependent PL variations of the samples were very different in connection with the synthesis condition. Combined with a series of catalytic experiments, it suggested that the intrinsic self-absorption of PL and photon recycling play key roles in photocatalysis. This work gives a new idea for understanding the photocatalysis and presents a new strategy to design ZnS related photocatalysts for further applications.
Morphological and optical properties of α- and β-phase zinc (∥) phthalocyanine thin films for application to organic photovoltaic cells
Authors: Kato Masahiro , Nakaya Masato , Matoba Yuki , Watanabe Shinta , Okamoto Koichi , Bucher Jean-Pierre , Onoe Jun
Published: October 2020

We have investigated the morphological and optical properties of α- and β-phase Zinc Phthalocyanine (ZnPc) thin films for application to organic photovoltaic cells (OPVs). It was found that the α-phase is completely converted to the β-phase by thermal annealing at 220 °C under ultrahigh vacuum conditions. When the α- to β-phase transition takes place, the surface roughness of the ZnPc film became flat uniformly with a nanometer order of unevenness by anisotropic growth of crystalline grains along a lateral direction to substrates. Correspondingly, the optical absorbance of the β-phase film became greater by 1.5–2 times than that of the α-phase one in an ultraviolet–visible–near infrared (UV–vis–NIR) wavelength range, which plays a role in increasing the number of photogenerated excitons. On the contrary, time-resolved photoluminescence measurements showed that the average lifetime of excitons for the β-phase film became shorter by 1/6–1/7 than that for the α-phase one, which plays a role in decreasing the number of excitons achieving the donor/acceptor interface where excitons are separated to carriers (holes and electrons). Both the increase in the number and the shortening in the average lifetime have a trade-off relationship with each other for contribution to the photoelectric conversion efficiency of OPVs. Then, we examined an external quantum efficiency (EQE) of OPVs using the α- and β-phase films as a donor and obtained that the former OPV (α-phase) exhibits a higher EQE by ∼2 times than the latter one (β-phase) in the wavelength range of 400 nm–800 nm.
A compendium of ecological knowledge for restoration of freshwater fishes in Australia
Authors: Koehn John D. , Raymond Scott M. , Stuart Ivor , Todd Charles R. , Balcombe Stephen R. , Zampatti Brenton P. , Bamford Heleena , Ingram Brett A. , Bice Christopher M. , Burndred Kate , Butler Gavin , Baumgartner Lee , Clunie Pam , Ellis Iain , Forbes Jamin P. , Hutchison Michael , Koster Wayne M. , Lintermans Mark , Lyon Jarod P. , Mallen-Cooper Martin , McLellan Matthew , Pearce Luke , Ryall Jordi , Sharpe Clayton , Stoessel Daniel J. , Thiem Jason D. , Tonkin Zeb , Townsend Anthony , Ye Qifeng
Published: October 2020

Many freshwater fishes are imperilled globally, and there is a need for easily accessible, contemporary ecological knowledge to guide management. This compendium contains knowledge collated from over 600 publications and 27 expert workshops to support the restoration of 9 priority native freshwater fish species, representative of the range of life-history strategies and values in south-eastern Australia’s Murray–Darling Basin. To help prioritise future research investment and restoration actions, ecological knowledge and threats were assessed for each species and life stage. There is considerable new knowledge (80% of publications used were from the past 20 years), but this varied among species and life stages, with most known about adults, then egg, juvenile and larval stages (in that order). The biggest knowledge gaps concerned early life stage requirements, survival, recruitment, growth rates, condition and movements. Key threats include reduced longitudinal and lateral connectivity, altered flows, loss of refugia, reductions in both flowing (lotic) and slackwater riverine habitats, degradation of wetland habitats, alien species interactions and loss of aquatic vegetation. Examples and case studies illustrating the application of this knowledge to underpin effective restoration management are provided. This extensive ecological evidence base for multiple species is presented in a tabular format to assist a range of readers.
High-severity wildfire potential – associating meteorology, climate, resource demand and wildfire activity with preparedness levels
Authors: Cullen Alison C. , Axe Travis , Podschwit Harry
Published: October 2020

National and regional preparedness level (PL) designations support decisions about wildfire risk management. Such decisions occur across the fire season and influence pre-positioning of resources in areas of greatest fire potential, recall of personnel from off-duty status, requests for back-up resources from other areas, responses to requests to share resources with other regions during fire events, and decisions about fuel treatment and risk reduction, such as prescribed burning. In this paper, we assess the association between PLs assigned at national and regional (Northwest) scales and a set of predictors including meteorological and climate variables, wildfire activity and the mobilisation and allocation levels of fire suppression resources. To better understand the implicit weighting applied to these factors in setting PLs, we discern the qualitative and quantitative factors associated with PL designations by statistical analysis of the historical record of PLs across a range of conditions. Our analysis constitutes an important step towards efforts to forecast PLs and to support the future projection and anticipation of firefighting resource demand, thereby aiding wildfire risk management, planning and preparedness.
The signifying voice
Authors: McDonald Edward
Published: October 2020

Drawing on a social semiotic framework, this paper sets out to examine two different semiotic systems whose default mode of expression is the human voice – language and music. Through comparing how each system differentially employs the human voice, we can identify both their commonalities and differences, and go some way to treating both equally within de Saussure’s envisaged broader field of “semiology”, avoiding the common trap of “linguistic imperialism”, i.e. taking language as the model for all semiotic systems. Starting by conceptualising the key relationship between the text, or unified instance of meaning-making, and the social contexts in which it functions, the paper then examines the material affordances utilised by each system, and the kinds of social meanings they express.
Bilateral comparison of 10 pF and 100 pF standards (ongoing BIPM key comparisons BIPM.EM-K14.a and 14.b) between the SASO (Saudi Arabia) and the BIPM
Authors: Moreno J A , Gournay P , AlAyli A
Published: October 2020

This report presents the results of a bilateral comparison between the SASO, Saudi Arabia, and the BIPM, which was carried out using two 10 pF and two 100 pF travelling standards belonging to the BIPM following an "A-B-A" pattern. The comparison at 10 pF forms part of the ongoing BIPM key comparison BIPM.EM-K14.a and that at 100 pF of the ongoing BIPM key comparison BIPM.EM-K14.b, where BIPM is the pilot laboratory for both comparisons.

The standards were measured during a total time of 21 weeks, from October 2019 to February 2020. The measurand of this comparison was the two terminal-pair capacitance of the travelling capacitors at a frequency of 1000 Hz, and a measuring rms voltage of 10 V.

The results from the SASO and the BIPM agree within a difference smaller than the relative expanded uncertainty of the comparison, which is dominated by the contribution of the calibration of the SASO reference capacitors.

Main text

To reach the main text of this paper, click on Final Report. Note that this text is that which appears in Appendix B of the BIPM key comparison database kcdb.bipm.org/.

The final report has been peer-reviewed and approved for publication by the CCEM, according to the provisions of the CIPM Mutual Recognition Arrangement (CIPM MRA).
Persistence in black hole lattice cosmological models
Authors: Coley A A
Published: October 2020

Dynamical solutions for an evolving multiple network of black holes near a cosmological bounce dominated by a scalar field are investigated. In particular, we consider the class of black hole lattice models in a hyperspherical cosmology, and we focus on the special case of eight regularly-spaced black holes with equal masses when the model parameter κ > 1. We first derive exact time evolving solutions of instantaneously-static models, by utilizing perturbative solutions of the constraint equations that can then be used to develop exact 4D dynamical solutions of the Einstein field equations. We use the notion of a geometric horizon, which can be characterized by curvature invariants, to determine the black hole horizon. We explicitly compute the invariants for the exact dynamical models obtained. As an application, we discuss whether black holes can persist in such a Universe that collapses and then subsequently bounces into a new expansionary phase. We find evidence that in the physical models under investigation (and particularly for κ > 1) the individual black holes do not merge before nor at the bounce, so that consequently black holes can indeed persist through the bounce.
The local Lorentz symmetry violation and Einstein equivalence principle
Authors: Zhang Baocheng
Published: October 2020

Lorentz symmetry violation (LV) was recently proposed to be testable with a new method, in which the effect of the violation is described as a certain local interaction Shaniv et al (2018 Phys. Rev. Lett.
120 103202). We revisit this LV effect in the paper and show that it is not only local, but it also represents a classical violation according to the recent quantum formulation of the Einstein equivalence principle (EEP). Based on a harmonically trapped spin-1/2 atomic system, we apply the results of table-top experiments testing LV effect to estimate the corresponding violation parameter in the quantum formulation of EEP. We find that the violation parameter is indeed very small, as expected by the earlier theoretical estimation.
Modelling overlap functions for one-nucleon removal: role of the effective three-nucleon force
Authors: Timofeyuk N K
Published: October 2020

One-nucleon overlap functions, needed for nucleon-removal reaction calculations, are solutions of an inhomogeneous equation with the source term defined by the wave functions of the initial and final nuclear states and interaction between the removed nucleon with the rest. The source term approach (STA) allows the overlaps with correct asymptotic decrease to be modelled while using nuclear many-body functions calculated in minimal model spaces. By properly choosing the removed nucleon interaction the minimum-model-space STA can reproduce reduced values of spectroscopic factors (SFs) extracted from nucleon-removal reactions and predicts isospin asymmetry in the SF reduction. It is well-known that model space truncation leads to the appearance of higher-order induced forces, with three-nucleon force being the most important. In this paper the role of such a force on the source term calculation is studied. Applications to one-nucleon removal from double-magic nuclei show that three-nucleon force improves the description of available phenomenological overlap functions and reduces isospin asymmetry in SFs.
Severity assessment of COVID-19 using CT image features and laboratory indices
Authors: Tang Zhenyu , Zhao Wei , Xie Xingzhi , Zhong Zheng , Shi Feng , Ma Tianmin , Liu Jun , Shen Dinggang
Published: October 2020

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is now a global pandemic. Tens of millions of people have been confirmed with infection, and also more people are suspected. Chest computed tomography (CT) is recognized as an important tool for COVID-19 severity assessment. As the number of chest CT images increases rapidly, manual severity assessment becomes a labor-intensive task, delaying appropriate isolation and treatment. In this paper, a study of automatic severity assessment for COVID-19 is presented. Specifically, chest CT images of 118 patients (age 46.5 ± 16.5 years, 64 male and 54 female) with confirmed COVID-19 infection are used, from which 63 quantitative features and 110 radiomics features are derived. Besides the chest CT image features, 36 laboratory indices of each patient are also used, which can provide complementary information from a different view. A random forest (RF) model is trained to assess the severity (non-severe or severe) according to the chest CT image features and laboratory indices. Importance of each chest CT image feature and laboratory index, which reflects the correlation to the severity of COVID-19, is also calculated from the RF model. Using three-fold cross-validation, the RF model shows promising results: 0.910 (true positive ratio), 0.858 (true negative ratio) and 0.890 (accuracy), along with AUC of 0.98. Moreover, several chest CT image features and laboratory indices are found to be highly related to COVID-19 severity, which could be valuable for the clinical diagnosis of COVID-19.
The factors determining the evolution of edge-localized modes in plasmas driven by lower hybrid currents
Authors: Zhang Xiao , Zang Qing , Wang Yi-feng , Han Xiao-feng , Yang Qing-quan , Xu Shuai , Meng Ling-yi , Huang Jia , Lin Xiao-dong , Wang Ke , Liu Haiqing , Yang Jianhua , Gong Xiangzu
Published: October 2020

Modulated lower-hybrid waves (LHWs) are injected into the Experimental Advanced Superconducting Tokamak to determine the physical principles responsible for the suppression or mitigation of edge-localized modes (ELMs). There are two cases of modulated-ELM evolution (stable and unstable cases), because of two different modulated pedestal densities. They can be attributed to additional magnetic perturbations induced by the LHWs, similarly to the effect of resonant magnetic perturbations. As regards the case of unstable modulated ELM evolution, the plasma stored energy increases as the LHWs turn on. In contrast, the central line-averaged electron density decreases, which is different from the case of ELM suppression or from the stably modulated case. The effect of LHWs or density ‘pump-out’ effect can pass across the top of the pedestal region and enter the interior of the density pedestal, causing a decrease in the electron density gradient and its value at the top of the pedestal. Simultaneously, the pressure gradient and edge bootstrap current density increase. For ELM suppression (or for the stable) case, LHWs can couple only with the plasma outside the top region of pedestal, because of the higher top value of density pedestal. Thus, LHWs can pump out the electron density significantly only in the pedestal foot region, producing a larger gradient of electron density pedestal. Statistical analysis of the data indicates that there is a threshold value of the central line-averaged electron density for each of the two modulated ELM cases. Furthermore, the ELM amplitude is modulated by LHWs with a time delay of hundreds of microseconds, which may be further evidence that LHWs have a significant impact on the evolution of ELMs and pedestal structures. All these results imply that there is a significant correlation between the ELM behavior and the electron density profiles modulated by LHWs.
A unified approach for the calculation of in-plane dielectric constant of films with interdigitated electrodes
Authors: Reader Trygve M , Hanke Ulrik , Halvorsen Einar , Grande Tor
Published: October 2020

Interdigitated electrodes (IDEs) on dielectric films is an important electrode design in electrical components such as transducers and sensors. Further development and use of IDEs for characterization of the in-plane properties of dielectric films requires models for the capacitance, particularly when used in a multilayer stack. Previous models for the capacitance have permitted erroneous boundary conditions between layers with associated limitations to accuracy. In this work we present a new model based on fulfilling the boundary conditions between layers with different dielectric constant. We further demonstrate how the model can be used to calculate the in-plane dielectric constant and polarization of BaTiO3 films. The model is shown to outperform previous models using both the experimental data from BaTiO3 films on SrTiO3 substrates and finite element method simulations of the corresponding case. One important advantage compared to previous work is that the new model provides good results regardless of film thickness.
Two-dimensional hexagonal manganese carbide monolayer with intrinsic ferromagnetism and half-metallicity
Authors: Sheng Kang , Wang Zhi-Yong , Yuan Hong-Kuan , Chen Hong
Published: October 2020

Recent experimentally observed intrinsic ferromagnetism in two-dimensional (2D) van der Waals crystals has ignited substantial interests due to their great potential in spintronic devices. However, their practical applications are hampered by rather low Curie temperature and small magnetic anisotropic energy. Here, we predict from first-principles calculations that the 2D pristine hexagonal manganese carbide (h-MnC) sheet exhibits robust ferromagnetic and half-metallic features with complete spin polarization, sizable magnetic anisotropic energy, and wide half-metallic gap near the Fermi energy level. Moreover, the h-MnC sheet can retain its structure up to the temperature of 1000 K, indicating a highly thermodynamic stability. The Monte Carlo simulations based on the Heisenberg model with single-ion anisotropy predict a Curie temperature of 233 K in 2D h-MnC crystal. We confirm the robustness of the ferromagnetism and half-metallicity against the external strain from −6% to 10%. Also, a feasible experimental fabrication route is proposed to realize the h-MnC monolayer via heterostructure engineering and exfoliation techniques. Overall, the robustness of the half-metallicity in combination with the high-temperature ferromagnetism render the freestanding h-MnC monolayer and even its energetically favorable h-MnC/MoS2 and h-MnC/MoSe2 heterostructures quite promising materials for developing practical spintronic nanodevices.
Corrigendum and Addendum: Helium flux effects on bubble growth and surface morphology in plasma-facing tungsten from large-scale molecular dynamics simulations (2019 Nucl. Fusion 59 066035)
Authors: Hammond Karl D. , Lee Brandon F. , Naeger Ian V. , Widanagamaachchi Wathsala , Lo Li-Ta , Maroudas Dimitrios , Wirth Brian D.
Published: October 2020

Two of the simulations discussed in a prior article (Hammond et al 2019 Nucl. Fusion
59 066035) were affected by a simulation glitch. We repeated the affected calculations and discuss them here. The overall conclusions are essentially unchanged, though the details are different. In particular, observations that we referred to as ‘concerted bursting’ were caused primarily by non-physical heating and cooling applied by the thermostat after most atoms’ velocities were deleted (for reasons that are not known for certain). The phenomenon of one bubble bursting and causing another nearby bubble to burst does exist, though its effects are much less spectacular in the absence of non-physical driving forces. The observation of an interconnected network of sub-surface cavities formed by burst bubbles is real, and the observation of holes on the surface 1–2 nm in diameter is also confirmed.
On the ground-state energy of the finite sine-Gordon ring
Authors: Rutkevich Sergei B
Published: October 2020

The Casimir scaling function characterising the ground-state energy of the sine-Gordon model in a finite circle has been studied analytically and numerically both in the repulsive and attractive regimes. The numerical calculations of the scaling function at several values of the coupling constant were performed by the iterative solution of the Destri–de Vega nonlinear integral equations. The ultraviolet asymptotics of the Casimir scaling functions was calculated by perturbative solution of these equations, and by means of the perturbed conformal field-theory technique, and compared with numerical results.
Green synthesis of NiFe2O4 nanoparticles using different fuels and their structural characterization
Authors: Kulkarni G D , Patade S R , Parlikar R R , Gopale  , Chilwar R R , Saraf T. S. , Jadhav K M
Published: October 2020

Nickel ferrite nanoparticles have been prepared using clove and citric acid as fuels. Present work focuses the rapid, eco-friendly, inexpensive, green synthesis over regular chemical routes for the preparation of most applicable Nickel ferrite nanoparticles. Here we use Clove (Syzygium aromaticum) extract and citric acid as fuel for green and chemical route synthesis of nickel ferrite nanoparticles respectively. The synthesis of metal nanoparticles using clove extract is a modern alternative for their production. The combination of methods of soft chemistry and green chemistry is the ideal synthesis strategy. Their structural properties are characterized using X-ray diffraction (XRD) study. The XRD study revealed the cubic spinel structure of the Fd3m space group. Also found 24 nm and 26 nm average crystallite size of NiFe2O4-clove and NiFe2O4-C6H8O7 nanoparticles respectively. This comparative study helps to increase attention in various research areas leading to materials that are relatively reproducible and have excellent properties using environmentally friendly, non-toxic and bio-composite reagents.
Low temperature synthesis and investigations of magnetic properties of cobalt ferrite nanoparticles
Authors: Jadhavar L B , Kakade G N , Rajmane S V , Kavade R B , Bhandari J M , Vidhate R G
Published: October 2020

In the present study we report the synthesis of cobalt ferrite nanoparticles using one of the well-known wet chemical method i.e. sol-gel auto combustion technique. The synthesis was carried out at sufficiently low temperature of 100°C. Citric acid was used as a fuel in the synthesis process. The obtained nanoparticles were sintered at 550°C for 4 h and then used for structural and magnetic investigations. The phase pure nature and nano crystalline nature was investigated through X-ray diffraction technique. Room temperature X-ray diffraction pattern show well defined reflections oriented at different Bragg’s angle corresponding to Miller indices (220), (311), (222), (400), (422), (511) and (440). All this reflections belongs to cubic spinel structure. Thus, XRD analysis confirms the formation of single phase compound. The particle size was obtained through Scherrer’s equation and found to be 21 nm, indicating the nanocrystalline nature. The magnetic properties were investigated using pulse field hysteresis loop tracer at room temperature. The saturation magnetization show increased values as compared to the bulk cobalt ferrite. The coercivity found to be less which exhibits the superparamagnetic behaviour. The obtained structural and magnetic parameters are useful in biomedical applications.
A review on green synthesis and characterization technique for ferrite nanoparticles and their applications
Authors: Ashok Pandit Vishal , Radhegovind Repe Gahjanan , Dagadu Bhamre Jyoti , Chaudhari Nandkishor D.
Published: October 2020

Ferrite nanoparticles have a large interest due to their wide range of applications in biomedical, industrial electronic devices, and wastewater treatment. This review is focused on the green synthesis of ferrite nanoparticles characterization and their application in various field.The green synthesis technique using plant or their extracts are discussed. The characterization techniques of ferrite nanoparticles with their applications are briefly reviewed.
X-ray Diffraction, Infrared and Magnetic Studies of NiFe2O4 Nanoparticles
Authors: Gopale S B , Kakade G N , Kulkarni G D , Vinayak V , Jadhav S P , Jadhav K M
Published: October 2020

Spinel ferrite nanoparticles plays important role in many applications due to their excellent structural, magnetic and electrical properties. Among the spinel ferrite nickel ferrite is a prominent candidate for various applications and is the subject of interest to many researchers. Therefore, attempt is made to synthesize NiFe2O4 nanoparticles and investigate its structural, infrared and magnetic properties for high frequency applications. NiFe2O4 nanoparticles were synthesized by sol-gel auto-ignition technique. Efforts are made to obtain nanopowder of high quality by taking extra care and some modification in synthesis procedure. In order to examine the phase purity and nanocrystalline nature, prepared nanopowder was subjected to X-ray diffraction studies. A close examination of XRD pattern revealed the presence of the reflections belonging only to cubic spinel structure. No extra peak was seen in the XRD pattern. The crystallite size was estimated using Debye-Scherrer’s formula and found to be 22nm. FT-IR spectrum of NiFe2O4 shows the two prominent absorption bands near the frequency range 400 cm−1 and 600 cm−1. The important magnetic property was studied by M–H plot which was recorded using pulse field hysteresis loop tracer at room temperature. Using the M-H plots the values of saturation magnetization, coercivity, and remanence magnetization are recorded as 37.61 emu/g, 177 Oe, and 11.71 emu/g respectively. The obtained data for structural and magnetic properties will be useful for high frequency applications.
Structural and dielectric properties of mixed spinel ferrite Cu(0.7)Zn(0.3)Fe2O4 nanoparticles
Authors: Kale S B , Borade R M , Kounsalye J S , Raut A V , Nimbhore S R , Jadhav K M
Published: October 2020

In this communication we report structural and dielectric properties of mixed Cu-Zn spinel ferrite nanoparticles. Cu(0.7)Zn(0.3)Fe2O4 nanoparticles were synthesized by using standard and well known sol-gel auto-combustion techniques. The obtained nanoparticles were annulated at 520°C for 4 h and then used for further study. The X-ray diffraction (XRD) pattern was recorded at room temperature to investigate the single phase nanocrystalline nature of prepared sample. The XRD pattern shows formation of single phase cubic spinel structure with average crystallite size of ∼24 nm. The crystallite size was determined by using standard Scherrer’s equation. The other structural parameters like lattice constant, unit cell volume, X-ray density etc. were determined using XRD data. The dielectric properties were measured at room temperature and as a function of frequency using LCR-Q meter. The dielectric constant, dielectric loss and dielectric loss tangent all get decreased exponentially with increasing frequencies. The observed dielectric behaviour is similar to that of reported in the literature.
Structural and Chemical Properties of ZnFe2O4 Nanoparticles Synthesised by Chemical Co-Precipitation Technique
Authors: Andhare D D , Jadhav S A , Khedkar M V , Somvanshi Sandeep B. , More S. D. , Jadhav K M
Published: October 2020

In the present work, Zn-ferrite nanoparticles have been synthesized by chemical co-precipitation method. Prepared samples were characterized by XRD and FTIR to study its structural and chemical properties. The formation of single phase with Fd-3m space group of Zn- ferrite was revealed by XRD and also studied the effect of synthesis techniques on structural parameters. Crystallite size of ZnFe2O4 was found to be 26.11 nm. The FTIR spectra showed two expected bands in the range 550-560 cm1 (i.e. U1) and 400 -410 cm1 (i.e. u2) which confirms the formation of ferrite phase.
Identification of Penicillium Species of Fruits Using Morphology and Spectroscopic Methods
Authors: Saif F A , Yaseen S A , Alameen A S , Mane S B , Undre P B
Published: October 2020

This study aimed to investigate and identify the isolated five species of Penicillium from different rot fruits. The P.implicatum, P.aurantiogriseum, P.purpurogenum, P.citrinum, and P.notatum Penicillium species were found. Penicillium species are important in the field of medicine, industry, and produces secondary metabolite, some penicillium species are contaminant for bread, grains, fruits, and processed food, so the identification and characterization of these species are very important. By using the microscopic technique and spectroscopic methods for identification and characterization that species isolated from infected fruits. The spectroscopic methods are Raman spectroscopy and UV-Visible spectrophotometry, they are fast analysis techniques, sensitive, use a small quantity of sample, and depend on biochemical components for the discriminate of Penicillium spp. Raman vibrational spectra and UV-Visible absorption spectra showed differences for five Penicillium species. Our results proved that spectroscopic techniques showed spectral differences for five Penicillium species, and this agreed with the study of morphological characteristics for that species. The conclusions of this study demonstrate that spectroscopic methods in combination with morphological techniques could be accurate and reliable approach for discrimination between different Penicillium species.
Role of Nanotechnology in Bituminous Road Pavements
Authors: Shaikh S G , Khan M D R , Bhalkar A M , Wadhekar A P
Published: October 2020

Recently, nanotechnology is an emerging area of research in almost all branches of science and engineering. Nanotechnology deals with structure having dimension 1nm to 100 nm, plays vital role in improving the properties of the materials used for several applications. Recently nanotechnology has been effectively used in the field of bituminous road pavement treatments. The important objectives of the road pavements are to provide safe surface on which vehicle can travel easily and more safely. Pavements are mainly exposed two type of load namely travel and environment. Large number of vehicle running on the road due to their load gets affected. Similarly due to environment conditions also the road gets affected. Good pavements can be constructed using existing treatment and technique. Nanotechnology can be effectively used in bituminous road pavements towards longevity and safety of road pavements. Road pavements are of microscopic structure and nanotechnology deals with nanostructure material. In this paper we through light on the nanoscale how can affect the microscopic properties and behaviour in the bituminous road pavements.
Radiation interaction properties of verious polymers, satureted and unsaturated fatty acids: A comparative investigation of Monte carlo simulation and NISTXCOM
Authors: Bhalerao Varsha A. , Lokhande Rajkumar M. , Bhosale Shrikant B. , Khirade Pankaj P. , Mahajan Sandip V. , Gaikwad D. K. , Chavan Ashok M.
Published: October 2020

This work represents the study of mass attenuation coefficient, total atomic cross section, total electronic cross section, effective atomic number, effective electron density and half value layer for selected three polymers : Polyacetylene (C2H2n), Polyethelyne (C2H4n), Polypyrrole (C4H5n) seven Saturated fatty Acids : Arachidiec Acids (C20H32O2), Capric Acid (C10H20O2), Caprylic Acid (C8H16O2), Cerotic Acid (C26H52O2), Lauric Acid (C12H24O2), Myristic Acid(C14H28O2), Plamatic Acid(C16H32O2) and Six Unsaturated fatty Acids : Arachidonic Acid (C20H32O2), Decosahexaaenic Acid (C22H32O2), Eliadic Acid (C18H34O2), Lenoleic Acid (C18H32O2), Erucic Acid (C22H42O2), Oleic Acid(C18H34O2) using NIST-XCOM and Geant4 Monte-Carlo simulation at the energy range 122 keV to 1330keV. Successfully designed narrow beam geometry in Geant4 code for low energy electromagnetic interaction study. We found the errors within 0.001% in the determined results of mass attenuation coefficient and showed Geant4 isa powerful toolkit for measurement of radiation interaction parameter with matter. The variation in effective atomic number and effective electron density with incident photon energy were observed due to the prevalence of photon interaction processes. The Monte-Carlo simulations and theoretical simulation results have been showed that the polymers have good shielding properties as compared with saturated and unsaturated fatty acids. From obtained results, it was noticed that Geant4 Monte-Carlois in good accord XCOM database.
Structural and electrical properties of copper ferrite (CuFe2O4) NPs
Authors: Surashe V K , Mahale Vinay , Keche A P , Alange R C , Aghav P S , Dorik R G
Published: October 2020

Spinel ferrites are the important class of soft magnetic material composed of iron oxide and metal oxide as their main compound. Copper ferrite (CuFe2O4) is one such spinel ferrite with great potential technological applications. It is well-known about ‘Jahn-Teller distortion’ that the copper ferro-spinel are at room temperature has a co-operative distortion to the tetragonal site-symmetry which depends only upon the copper ion distribution. The structural and electrical properties of Copper ferrite were investigated by X-ray diffraction and DC-resistivity studies. The room temperature XRD data revealed that the formation of tetragonal structure of (CuFe2O4) NPs. The crystallite size (t) nm was obtained from Debye-Sherrer’s formula indicated that the (CuFe2O4) NPs shows nanocrystalline nature with crystallite size 14 nm. The lattice constant (a) was found to be in the reported range (∼8.380 Ǻ). The DC-resistivity parameters were drawn from the two point probe device. An activation energy AE of the copper ferrite nanoparticles was found to be 0.01 eV.
An Arrangement and Performance Analytics of Elements of Vibration Testing Machine for Taper Roller Bearing
Authors: Chopade J. V. , Ganvir K. D. , Pachkawade N. D.
Published: October 2020

The paper addresses the need for automation in production line. A detailed evaluation of various components required for converting a manual bearing vibration testing machine to an automatic one is carried out. Function and Description of each component is studied. The components include conveyor belts, laser Doppler vibro meter, pneumatic system, mechanical probe, timing and control sensors, speed control system, data analysis and storage unit. A method of selecting each component for automatic vibration testing machine is offered. Based on the structure of automated machine the initial set of alternate variants is defined and a formal model of automatic vibration testing machine is developed. Design of conveyor belt, linear drives, pneumatic system, isolation pad, PLC and HMI system is discussed below. Analysis of supporting structure of Vibration Testing Machine is done using ANSYS 18.1 and results are shown.
Green Synthesis of Ce3+ Doped ZnAl2O4 Phosphor Using Aloe -Vera Extract and Its Characterization
Authors: Bobade D. S. , Undre P. B.
Published: October 2020

Cerium ion activated ZnAl2O4 phosphors were first time prepared by efficient and simple biogenic synthesis approach using aloe vera extract. The prepared samples were characterized by x-ray diffraction (XRD), ultraviolet visible spectroscopy (UV), and photoluminescence technique (PL). From XRD technique, the crystal structure of the prepared Ce3+ doped ZnAl2O4 phosphors was calculated and it was a cubic structure. The optical band gap energies of ZnAl2O4 host and Ce3+ doped ZnAl2O4 were calculated using the UV spectroscopy technique. The PL spectra were showed the maximum intensity for Ce3+ doped ZnAl2O4 at 530 nm and 598 nm under 398 nm excitation wavelength. The CIE color co-ordinates of the Ce3+ doped ZnAl2O4 are calculated using radiant imaging color calculator program refer to the 1931 CIE Standard Source C (illuminant Cs (0.3101, 0.3162)).
The D.C electrical properties of Lithium ion conducting solid polymer electrolyte based on polyvinyl alcohol
Authors: Wadatkar A. S. , Kharat Prashant B. , Turkhade A.V. , Onkar S. G. , Bodkhe P. S.
Published: October 2020

Lithium ion conducting polymer electrolyte films based on polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) with different concentration of lithium perchlorate salt, using a solution cast technique, have been prepared. The Solid polymer electrolyte (SPE) hasbeen characterized by XRD technique. The XRD analysis reveals the amorphous nature of the polymer electrolyte. Polymer sample of PVA with different concentration of lithium salt (0, 5, 10, 20) wt% with double distilled water as solvent have been prepared and studied. High conductivity of 1.85771X10-07 has been observed for the PVA with 20% LiClO4. The temperature dependent conductivity of polymer electrolyte follows the Arrhenius relationship which shows hopping of ion in the polymer system. The experiment result showed that the D.C electrical conductivity increased with increasing the lithium salt concentration.