bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Characteristics of productive sheep of the factory lines of the Salsk breed
Authors: Gorlov I F , Slozenkina M I , Kolosov Y A , Zasemchuk I V , Karpenko E V , Tserenov I V , Reshetnikova A O
Published: August 2022

The publication assesses the productivity of a herd of sheep of the Salsk breed of the leading breeding plant. Breeding queens of the herd have a moderate supply of skin, characterized by one-and-a-half half-ring folds on the neck, a developed burda or apron. In some animals, the skin folding is increased and they have 1-2 full folds on the neck, wrinkling along the trunk, enlarging to the back. In bright women, this feature is less developed. In recent years, the folding of the skin, as a breeding feature, has changed in the herd. The number of multi-tabbed rams was 2.5%, queens - 2.2%, bright-1.6% and yearling rams-0.7%. With a small supply of leather, the number of sheep increased: queens - up to 16.6%, rams-2.7%, yark - 1.1% and yearling rams-0.9%. In the studied sheep of different sex and age groups, the difference in the length of the wool on the side and back does not exceed 1.5 cm, which corresponds to the standard of sheep wool productivity. The length of the wool in the rams was 10.87 cm in 2018, 12.42 cm in 2019 and 13.26 cm in 2020. In bright colors, respectively, 11.38; 12.88 13.42 cm. In terms of their average live weight, producing rams exceed the requirements for elite animals of wool breeds by 20%, repair rams-by almost 40%, queens and yarkas correspond to the level of elite animals of wool-meat breeds. The factory lines of its own breeding of sheep-producers No. 510 and No. 585 represent the genealogical structure of the breeding flock of sheep of the Belozernoye GPP. Adult sheep of line № 510 have an average live weight of 107.5 kg, and line № 585 – 106.3 kg. With relatively equal values of the quality of wool productivity, the best indicators of live weight (by 8.12%) and hair cutting (by 7%) characterized the elite queens of the sheep line No. 510. In the herd of the breeding plant, it is planned to continue work on the creation of a fine-haired line (20-21 microns) with improved meat qualities and start
Agroecological aspects of the development of a polisher for washing salts of highly saline soils
Authors: Xajiev M X , Atadjanova M M
Published: August 2022

The current water shortages in the region exacerbate this problem and require a reduction in water losses. Therefore, alternative use of water resources for soil salinisation is currently one of the most important problems in agriculture. As a result of the creation, development and implementation in farms of a polisher for washing highly saline soils, it leads to an increase in the yield and quality of cultivated products.
Dependence of the amount of feed distribution in the small-sized feed distribution device on the number of rotations of blade rotor
Authors: Choriev R K , Khudaynazarov D Kh , Israilova D A
Published: August 2022

Livestock is mainly raised on small family livestock farms with 5-10 heads of cattle or 50-60 heads of sheep in Uzbekistan. Although there are small devices that are used to grind feed for these farms, due to the lack of a feed distribution device, feed distribution work is carried out manually, spending a lot of work. With this in mind, a device was developed that is used in the distribution of feed for small farms, and a change in the feed distribution norm was studied depending on the number of rotations of blade rotor. According to the results of the experiments, the distribution quality of corn, trefoil and straw stalks of coarse feed is selected according to the amount of one-time feed in the daily ration of livestock (between 4-5 kg for corn and trefoil, 2-3 kg for straw stalks), which was achieved when the number of rotations of the feed distributor blade rotor was 50 r/min. Due to the fact that the density of corn, trefoil and straw stalks differs from each other, it was determined that there would be a change in the amount of feed distributed, although the number of rotations of blade rotor of the device is the same.
The importance, methods of land leveling and analysis of equipment for their implementation
Authors: Khudaev I J , Kuchkarov J J , Norov B N , Khojiev A A , Kodirov Z Z
Published: August 2022

It has been proved in the world and our country’s agriculture that the levelling of arable lands helps the land to improve the reclamation of lands and reduce the amount of water for irrigation. According to agro-technical requirements, the height of irregularities on the surface of the fields should not exceed ± 5 cm. Experiments and research show that crop yields decreased by 1.5-1.7 times and irrigation water consumption increased by 1.7-3.4 times when the surface roughness of the fields was ± 10-13 cm. According to the research carried out by E. B. Velichko and B. B. Shumakova, in areas where the height of irregularities reached ± 3 cm, the yield increased by 1.5 times compared to ± 5 cm, and irrigation water decreased by 1.6 times. In areas with such unevenness of ± 2 cm, the yield increased by an additional 19.9 c / ha (47%), the consumption of irrigation water for the production of 1 ton of rice decreased by 36% or 1621 m3 of the economy was achieved.
Reduction of gas porosity when alloying A000 grade aluminum with lithium fluoride
Authors: Tursunbaev Sarvar , Turakhodjaev Nodir , Turakhujaeva Shirinkhon , Ozodova Shakhrizoda , Hudoykulov Shohruh , Turakhujaeva Azizakhon
Published: August 2022

Currently, aluminum alloys are widely used in various industries, such as aerospace, mechanical engineering, food processing and others. The article presents the reduction of volume emissions of harmful gases in the process of alloying A000 grade technical aluminum alloy made of pure aluminum with a combination of lithium fluoride. In experiments, lithium fluorine was incorporated into technical aluminum in the groove structure in 3 different masses. Bund’s experiments were carried out in 2 different ways in a closed and open environment, outside the furnace, samples were taken. In both methods, the same amount of lithium fluoride combination was added to the aluminum alloy, and the samples obtained in the experiments were subjected to chemical analysis using a Q4 TASMAN model optical spectrometer. In addition, the samples were subjected to microscopic analysis using an electron microscope with the JSM-IT200 model, and the authors made the appropriate analysis and conclusions.
Ensuring the safety of geotechnical objects based on forecasting the parameters of the water regime of rivers using SARIMA models
Authors: Tarakanov D A , Elizaryev A N , Nyrytdinov A A , Elizareva E N , Khasanov I A , Mikhailov S A , Nutfullina E I
Published: August 2022

Every year there are many floods in the world, which have a significant impact on the sustainable social and economic development of the population. At the same time, geotechnical objects located within river catchment basins experience the greatest damage due to floods. To ensure the safety of geotechnical objects, including during high water and flood or low water, it is necessary to predict the extreme values of the parameters of the water regime of rivers. The purpose of this project is to determine the SARIMA model, which makes it possible to most reliably predict the values of the water regime parameters of the Belaya River of the Republic of Bashkortostan. The monthly values of the water flow of the Belaya River in the alignment of the city of Ufa for the period from 1950 to 2018 (828 values) were used as initial data. Based on the comparative analysis of SARIMA models according to the Akaike information criterion (AIC), the SARIMA model (1,0,1) (2,1,0)12 was determined. Also, the forecast values correspond to satisfactory accuracy, which is caused by high fluctuations in the values of the parameters of the water regime during high water or floods. The results of the forecast make it possible to assess the risks for geotechnical objects located within the catchment area of the river, and to scientifically approach the choice of preventive measures.
Effective use of motor oil resources of the tractor of the company “Claas” in the conditions of Uzbekistan
Authors: Ganiboyeva E , Norov B Kh , Suyunov S , Khudaev I
Published: August 2022

Annotation

The article describes in detail the reliable operation of modern high-performance and complex “CLAAS” techniques, the correct selection of lubricants and compliance with the optimal operating procedure, as well as the results of the analysis of friction elements of motor oils. It is necessary to compare the quality indicators determined on the basis of research and the concentration of friction elements in the oil with standard values. In order to determine the recommended engine oil change intervals in the engines of CLAAS tractors, it is necessary to determine their quality indicators and the concentration of friction elements in the oil. In order to maintain the performance of the oil, it is recommended to add additives during operation. Study of wear conditions of oils used in internal combustion engines. Determination and justification of the limit working life of oils used in internal combustion engines. Study and justification of properties of interchangeable oils used in internal combustion engines. It is necessary to develop scientific justification and recommendations for increasing the service life of the oils used in internal combustion engines.
Finite element analysis of closed-cell aluminum foam approximated with Weaire-Phelan unit cell structure
Authors: File M , Cseke R , Huri D , Balogh G , Mankovits T
Published: August 2022

The finite element modelling of metal foam structures have proven to be a difficult task. Many different modelling approaches exist, both for creating the CAD model and for performing the finite element simulations. This article details the CAD and finite element modelling of an existing aluminum foam. To model the cell structure, the Weaire-Phelan unit cell was used. The different parameters of the unit cell were adjusted to fit the parameters of the existing foam. The physical properties of the finished model were then compared to the original specimen to validate its accuracy. After the comparison, it was determined, that the Weaire-Phelan unit cell can be used to model the physical properties of the structure. The validated and simplified model was then used to perform a finite element analysis under compressive loading. The results were compared to the compression test results of the existing aluminum foam. By comparing the results and calculating the relative errors, it was determined that both the physical and the mechanical properties of metal foam structures can be modelled using this exact method with significant accuracy.
Investigation of aluminium clinched joints by FEA
Authors: Jónás Sz. , Tisza M. , Kovács P. Z.
Published: August 2022

The aim of the present paper is to compare the results of clinch joining simulations of two finite element software. The comparison is taken in between the resultant force-displacement curves, and in between the most important geometrical parameters of the joints, as the undercut (C) and neck thickness (tN). The joining process was performed between two AA6082 sheets in two different heat treatment conditions by a TOX clinching tool. For the simulations the flow curves of material have determined by the so-called Watts-Ford compression test for both conditions. The applied FE software packages were the MSC.Marc&Mentat 2019 and the DEFORM2D 10.2.
Impact of plasma treatment on solderability of printed circuit boards
Authors: Kocsis E. , Lukács A. , Szalai I.
Published: August 2022

Flux is essential in the process of soldering. White flux residues are not only an aesthetic issue, but the inactivated components can cause severe problems. With miniaturization of products in the electronics industry, the short circuits caused by ion migration are more likely to occur during the lifetime of the product. Plasma treatment has been proved to be effective in improving the wettability in case of metal and polymer surfaces. The aim of this study is to investigate the possibility of promoting wettability of pads on printed circuit boards by plasma treatment. PCBs with three different types of surface finishes were investigated before and after plasma treatment. Wettability and solderability were examined by contact angle measurement and wetting balance tester. This method has the potential to reduce the usage of flux during soldering as an alternative surface treatment to create oxide-free metal surfaces.
Analysis of inhomogeneous deformation occurring during post-necking phase of tensile test
Authors: Harangozó D , Kozma I , Czinege I , Szalai Sz
Published: August 2022

The aluminium-magnesium sheets used in vehicle body building are suitable for structural elements and internal panels based on their excellent strength and corrosion resistance. Due to their importance, particular attention should be paid to their strength and formability characteristics, including their behaviour during the tensile test at the stage of diffuse and local necking. With the help of the digital image correlation and 3D imaging techniques, the local deformations can be measured and the following characteristics can be calculated from them, namely the onset of diffuse and local necking, the change in geometry before fracture and the extrapolation of the flow curve from the measured axial stresses and the true cross-sectional area. AlMg3 sheets are used to measure the listed characteristics during tensile test.
Analysis of wear surfaces on parts of revisionally removed implants
Authors: Nemes-Károly I , Kocsis Gy , Szebényi G
Published: August 2022

Nowadays, with increasing average age - and thus an increase in active years - and the heightened pace of life in our cruel, fast-paced world, our bodies are subjected to extreme stress for ever-longer periods. Unfortunately, this lifestyle does not go away without a trace - it can cause damage to everything from our skeletal system to our nervous system, and our joints are no exception - which is why arthroplasty procedures are becoming increasingly popular. Arthroplasty is one of the most successful surgical procedures, which seeks to re-condition, replace - in some cases remove - the joint surfaces to improve the function of the system or at least preserve its current status. The most common form of arthroplasty is the implantation of joint endoprostheses. These devices have a finite lifespan, like all engineering structures, so their replacement at certain intervals, by means of revision surgery, is essential. The prostheses removed in this way carry a wealth of essential information about their design, their manufacturer and even their user and implantor, which can be incorporated into the design of the next generation of systems using reverse engineering, thus moving closer to the development of the "gold standard" implant. The topic of our article is the analysis and exploration of the failure processes of hip, knee, and shoulder implants removed by revision. We will build a model that adequately represents the wear and tear processes of different types of prostheses, with the help of which the wear and tear processes can be determined and predicted, and the strengths and weaknesses of the constructs can be determined. We consider it essential to distinguish between the different types of damage since, without a comprehensive knowledge of their extent, it is impossible to prevent them effectively. Systems grouped according to implant type and implant modality were examined using 3-dimensional imaging. We determined the degradation of the polymer components caused by use, observing to distinguish between damage caused by revision surgery and damage caused by transportation and storage. During our measurements, particular care was taken to identify the exact extent of creep and wear in order to make the best possible recommendations for modifications to existing systems.
Development of drawn polypropylene-based blends and composites
Authors: Varga L J , Bárány T
Published: August 2022

We developed highly oriented polypropylene tapes with solid-state drawing, and studied the effect of additives—two grades of talc, low-density polyethylene (LDPE), and an amorphous poly-alpha-olefin (APAO). The PP compounds were prepared in a co-rotating twin-screw extruder, and sheet films were extruded. The specimens cut out from the sheet films were drawn in a tensile testing machine, and the drawing temperature of 130 °C was maintained by the heating chamber of the tensile testing machine. A draw ratio of λ=10 was set. We investigated the work of drawing and prepared DSC and tensile tests. Both types of talc acted as strong nucleating agents and increased the tensile strength and modulus of the tapes. APAO reduced the crystalline melting enthalpy only to a small extent. Both APAO and LDPE reduced the tensile strength and modulus and increased the strain at break of the tapes.
Automated determination of the optimal manufacturing direction of polymer composite shell structures
Authors: Takacs L. , Szabó F.
Published: August 2022

There is a promising potential in polymer composites in the automotive industry; therefore, design methods aimed at cost and weight efficiency have become increasingly important. The tool cost is a considerable amount of the total cost, which is affected by the direction of the manufacturing planes. In this paper, a method is introduced to automatically determine the optimal manufacturing direction of an arbitrary shell structure. The method is implemented in Python environment. A meshed surface model is read as input, and the geometrical complexity factors are calculated from all directions in the space in a discretized way. A new 3D branch diagram is shown with which the calculated values can be visualized and evaluated. After that, an undercut factor is introduced and calculated, and it is demonstrated that the minimum of the product of these measures can give the optimal manufacturing direction in a fully automatized way. The paper presents a study about a train seat to show the industrial applicability of the method by evaluating the effect of the manufacturing directions and geometrical complexities at different partitioning of the composite shell on material cost.
Investigation of segregation in the runner system during injection moulding
Authors: Fris D. R. , Szabó F.
Published: August 2022

The goal of this study is to investigate segregation in the runner system during injection moulding. Segregation is a phenomenon which occurs during the injection moulding of filled or reinforced polymer systems. The effects of segregation can be so severe that the process can lead to waste products. Even though segregation is an important problem, so far it has been little researched. However, it would be very beneficial if segregation during injection moulding could be predicted through simulation software. In order to achieve that, we must first understand what causes segregation. We injection moulded several specimens using polypropylene, a transparent polymer, and used 10.8 V% ceramic beads as filler with different injection moulding parameters. We investigated the effect of melt temperature and injection rate, which were set to 180, 220, 260 °C and 5, 20, 80 cm3/s. We observed segregation with an optical microscope and used a furnace to burn the PP and measured the weight of the leftover beads in order to determine the bead content in various regions.
Controlled morphological synthesis of temperature-dependent CuO nanostructures and their effect on photocatalytic performance
Authors: Zhou Diwen , Pu Xianjuan , Jiao Zheng , Li Weitao
Published: August 2022

With the development of the times, more and more pollutants such as dyes produced by industry have inevitably caused harm to human health. Dyes are complex and stable in structure, and traditional methods of physically and chemically processing dyes have been proven to be inefficient. The heterogeneous photocatalytic technology has been widely regarded as one of the most promising processes for the treatment of harmful organic wastewater. In this paper, copper oxide (CuO) nanomaterials were synthesized via a hydrothermal method and it was found that the stirring temperature can regulate its morphology and structure, which in turn affects the optical, electrical and catalytic properties of the final product. By controlling the stirring temperature, CuO nanomaterials in the range of ∼30–500 nm were obtained. The as-prepared composites were characterized using x-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscope, scanning electron microscopy, and ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy techniques, among others. After a possible mechanism was proposed according to the above data, the photocatalytic performance of the CuO nanomaterials was evaluated by measuring the decomposition rate of rhodamine B (RhB) solutions. The results indicated that the CuO obtained at 100 °C exhibited excellent photocatalytic activity in comparison to other samples, with around 93% degradation of the RhB solution after 80 min. Finally, the recycling performance of the CuO nanomaterials was also tested and found to be extremely stable, with a high degradation level of 78% maintained after five cycles. In conclusion, the CuO nanomaterials are efficient catalysts for the complete degradation of RhB.
Magnetic fields may protect life on Earth-like planets
Authors: Jarman Sam
Published: August 2022

The extreme pressures and temperatures found in the cores of Earth-like planets have been recreated using an ultrahigh-power laser in the US.
Radio telescope image reveals Milky Way’s centre in stunning detail
Authors: Banks Michael
Published: August 2022

The MeerKAT radio telescope in South Africa has taken an image that shows the centre of the Milky Way in unprecedented detail.
Lab gender roles not due to personal choice, finds study
Authors: Hiscott Laura
Published: August 2022

A study by a team from Cornell University finds the tasks that students choose to do in inquiry-based lab sessions could be due to biases and different levels of confidence among men and women.
Breaking through
Authors: Durrani Matin
Published: August 2022

The life of Cecilia Payne-Gaposchkin is a reminder of the biases and barriers in science.
Fusion: it’s hotting up
Authors: McKenzie James
Published: August 2022

James McKenzie applauds recent record investments in commercial fusion power plants, which could help us to create a net-zero economy.
The sky is (not) the limit
Authors: Harris Margaret
Published: August 2022

Margaret Harris reviews The Space Business: From Hotels in Orbit to Mining the Moon – How Private Enterprise is Transforming Space by Andrew May.
Magnetic ‘stop sign’ helps songbirds return to their breeding sites
Authors: Dumé Isabelle
Published: August 2022

Migrating birds use information extracted from the Earth’s magnetic field to target the same breeding grounds year after year, according to data obtained by tracking the birds’ metal leg rings.
Crisis in Ukraine
Authors: Durrani Matin
Published: August 2022

Russia’s invasion of Ukraine is a test for those who want science and politics kept apart.
Ask me anything: Martin Weides
Authors: Tesh Sarah
Published: August 2022

Martin Weides is head of the quantum-circuits group at the University of Glasgow, UK, developing superconductor-based quantum circuits, including the cryogenic hardware, nanoelectronics chips and electronics needed for quantum computers. Weides is also consultant technical director to the UK-based firm Oxford Instruments Nanoscience.
Acoustic clothing can hear your heartbeat
Authors: Allen Michael
Published: August 2022

A piezoelectric fibre that enables fabrics to detect sound has been developed by researchers in the US.
Biophysics emerges as a major field
Authors: Banks Michael
Published: August 2022

The first “decadal” survey into biological physics says the subject should be recognized as a central discipline of physics, as Michael Banks reports.
Lia Merminga becomes first woman to lead Fermilab
Authors: Gwynne Peter
Published: August 2022

The particle physicist Lia Merminga has been appointed the first female director of the Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory.
Light fantastic
Authors: McKenzie James
Published: August 2022

To celebrate the International Day of Light, James McKenzie reflects on the wonders of optical communications.
Milky Way black hole revealed at last
Authors: Gater Will
Published: August 2022

The first picture of the glowing surroundings around Sagittarius A* – the black hole at the centre of the Milky Way – could offer clues to the inner workings of supermassive black holes. Will Gater explains.
A transparent tool for a fairer planet
Authors: Dacey James
Published: August 2022

Glass-based technologies are shaping the modern world, from enabling green tech to delivering the Internet. James Dacey describes how the 2022 International Year of Glass will celebrate the universality of this see-through super material.
The many secrets of glass
Authors: Cartwright Jon
Published: August 2022

Glasses are much more mysterious than their crystalline counterparts, yet have a wealth of practical uses, says Jon Cartwright.
Photons stay entangled despite huge jump in frequency
Authors: Wogan Tim
Published: August 2022

A new technique that keeps two photons entangled while greatly increasing the frequency of one of them has been demonstrated by researchers in Germany. The work could prove useful in quantum computation, imaging and quantum communications.
Undersea muon detectors monitor variations in water depth
Authors: Jarman Sam
Published: August 2022

An international team of researchers has installed an array of undersea muon detectors that can monitor variations in water depth. The system measured how a distant typhoon caused the water level in Tokyo Bay to oscillate over timescales of several hours.
Nobel-winning nuclear physicist Ben Roy Mottelson dies
Authors: Banks Michael
Published: August 2022

The American-Danish physicist and Nobel laureate Ben Roy Mottelson died on 13 May at the age of 95. Mottelson made critical contributions to determining and understanding that certain nuclei could have asymmetrical shapes.
Smashing times
Authors: Durrani Matin
Published: August 2022

Was the discovery of the Higgs boson the pinnacle for high-energy physics at CERN?
Tracks of my tears
Authors: Crease Robert P
Published: August 2022

Physics is often viewed as a dispassionate and purely objective activity. So how, wonders Robert P Crease, do we explain the reaction of Peter Higgs when the boson that bears his name was discovered?
Challenging stereotypes
Authors: Houchin Rachael
Published: August 2022

A response to remarks made by Katharine Birbalsingh, head teacher of the Michaela Community School in London, to the House of Lords Science and Technology Select Committee on Diversity and Inclusion in STEM.
Musical mutation
Authors: Gahan David
Published: August 2022

A response to the feature “A matter of sound” by Markus Buehler and Mario Milazzo, which describes their attempts to translate living structures into sound.
Astronomical inspiration
Authors: Wigan Marcus
Published: August 2022

In response to the feature by Sidney Perkowitz about the astronomer Cecilia Payne-Gaposchkin entitled “The woman who found hydrogen in the stars”.
Global dynamical analysis of an electronic spin–orbit coupling system
Authors: Zou Ming , Ma Da-Zhu
Published: August 2022

By means of a canonical generalized momentum and a canonical conjugate spin variable, a complete canonical Hamiltonian formalism is designed to describe a coulomb field with electronic spin–orbit coupling in a semi-classical and non-relativistic way. After this operation, unlike the existing Lagrange formulation, the concepts of hidden momentum, hidden angular momentum and spin kinetic energy are not used in the canonical formalism. Besides, it is easy to find that there are four first integrals involving the conserved total energy and the conserved total angular momentum vector in an 8-dimensional phase space of the system. In this sense, the global dynamics is typically integrable, regular and non-chaotic, and each orbit in the phase space is a quasi-periodic 4-dimensional Kolmogorov-Arnold-Moser(KAM) torus.
Life cycle assessment of expanded polystyrene shipping boxes at a public research institution: insights for infrastructure at the end of life
*
Authors: Lindstrom Timothy , Hicks Andrea L
Published: August 2022

Expanded polystyrene (EPS) is a synthetic plastic used in various industrial and commercial applications. EPS is popular for its unique physical properties, specifically insulating capabilities and low density. These properties become problematic at the end of its useful life as EPS cannot be recycled with other conventional plastics. Though possible, recycling EPS often is practically or economically prohibitive and the material typically is consigned to landfill after a single use. This study investigates the EPS handling system and several disposal alternatives using the methodology of life cycle assessment. The results are applied to evaluate the environmental impacts and economic tradeoffs of a recycling program for EPS shipping boxes at the University of Wisconsin-Madison. The approach in this study pertains to infrastructure sustainability through exploring the challenges and lack of existing infrastructure for managing EPS. The four disposal scenarios under consideration in this study are (1) consignment to a sanitary landfill, (2) a closed-loop reuse arrangement with a biotechnology company, (3) a conventional open-loop recycling arrangement with a specialty recycler, and (4) a novel open-loop recycling arrangement with an on-campus lab. While a closed-loop reuse system for EPS was most environmentally desirable, the study results indicate that conventional recycling of EPS is the only disposal scenario that generates net environmental benefits while also being logistically feasible. Thus, the study results contribute to the body of knowledge related to post-consumer EPS management and can inform decision-making at comparable institutions that generate large quantities of EPS waste.
Tip60 acetylation of histone H3K4 temporally controls chromosome passenger complex localization
Authors: Niedzialkowska Ewa , Liu Limin , Kuscu Cem , Mayo Zachary , Minor Wladek , Strahl Brian D. , Adli Mazhar , Stukenberg P. Todd
Published: August 2022

Tip60 acetylates Histone H3 on lysine 4 (H3K4) to temporally control the localization of the Chromosome Passenger Complex (CPC). H3K4 acetylation prevents Haspin phosphorylation of H3T3 and Survivin binding to chromatin to inhibit CPC localization to centromeres. During the middle of prophase HDAC3 removes this mark to enable CPC accumulation at inner centromeres.
Landmarks in the discovery of a role for actin in cell locomotion
Authors: Pollard Thomas D.
Published: August 2022

During the late 1960s four independent lines of research implicated actin in cellular motility. This Retrospective recounts how biochemistry, light and electron microscopy, and inhibitory natural products all contributed to this breakthrough.
Aurora B activity is promoted by cooperation between discrete localization sites in budding yeast
Authors: Marsoner Theodor , Yedavalli Poornima , Masnovo Chiara , Fink Sarah , Schmitzer Katrin , Campbell Christopher S.
Published: August 2022

The inner kinetochore and microtubule binding activities of the Chromosomal Passenger Complex are sufficient to promote accurate chromosome segregation. In addition, two distinct pathways target the CPC to different attachment states, as an inner centromere-targeting pathway is primarily responsible for complex enrichment at unattached kinetochores
BORC-ARL8-HOPS ensemble is required for lysosomal cholesterol egress through NPC2
Authors: Anderson Jacob , Walker Gerard , Pu Jing
Published: August 2022

BORC-ARL8-HOPS ensemble is required for egress of cholesterol from lysosomes; deficiency of cholesterol egress causes reduced cholesteryl esters in lipid droplets. BORC-ARL8-HOPS depletion enhances secretion of the lysosomal cholesterol transporter NPC2, causes cellular NPC2 mislocalization, and promotes degradation of the NPC2 sorting receptor, CI-MPR.
Pericentriolar matrix (PCM) integrity relies on cenexin and polo-like kinase (PLK)1
Authors: Aljiboury Abrar , Mujcic Amra , Curtis Erin , Cammerino Thomas , Magny Denise , Lan Yiling , Bates Michael , Freshour Judy , Ahmed-Braimeh Yasir H. , Hehnly Heidi
Published: August 2022

The centrosome protein, cenexin, C terminus acts in a conserved manner in eukaryotes to anchor PLK1, moderating its potential to phosphorylate PCM substrates required for PCM integrity and function.
BROMI/TBC1D32 together with CCRK/CDK20 and FAM149B1/JBTS36 contributes to intraflagellar transport turnaround involving ICK/CILK1
Authors: Satoda Yuuki , Noguchi Tatsuro , Fujii Taiju , Taniguchi Aoi , Katoh Yohei , Nakayama Kazuhisa
Published: August 2022

Cell cycle-related kinase (CCRK) phosphorylates intestinal cell kinase (ICK). BROMI interacts with CCRK, CFAP20, and FAM149B1. In addition, FAM149B1 interacts directly with CCRK. We show that CCRK, BROMI, FAM149B1, and CFAP20 regulate the intraflagellar transport turnaround process under the control of ICK.
“Black Lives Matter and Black Research Matters”: the African Society of Human Genetics’ call to halt racism in science
Authors: Wonkam Ambroise , Bardien Soraya , Diallo Rokhaya Ndiaye , Gaye Amadou , Alimohamed Mohamed Zahir , Kya Siana , Makani Julie , Landoure Guida , Mutesa Leon , El-Kamah Ghada , Mohamed Amal , Newport Melanie , Williams Scott M. , Ramsay Michele , Nembaware Victoria
Published: August 2022

The African Society of Human Genetics (AfSHG) was formed to provide a forum for human genetics and genomics scientists in Africa to interact, network, and collaborate. This is critical to facilitate development of solutions to the public health burden of many rare and common diseases across the continent. AfSHG fully supports the Black Lives Matter movement, which is dedicated to fighting racism and ensuring that society values the lives and humanity of Black people. The AfSHG would like to add its “voice” to the public outcry against racism sparked by George Floyd’s death and to declare its commitment to ensuring that injustice and systematic racism, as well as abuse and exploitation of Africans and their biological material, are no longer tolerated. This is particularly relevant now as African genomic variation is poised to make significant contributions across several disciplines including ancestry, personalized medicine, and novel drug discovery. “Black Lives Matter and Black Research Matters” is AfSHG’s call for the global community to support halting, and reversing, the perpetuation of exploitation of African people through neocolonial malpractices in genomic research. We also propose five key ways to curb racism in science, so that we can move forward together, with a common humanity, collectively embracing scientific endeavors.
Principles for Leading, Learning, and Synthesizing in Inter- and Transdisciplinary Research
Authors: Hoffmann Sabine , Weber Christine , Mitchell Cynthia
Published: August 2022

abstract

Synthesizing heterogeneous findings from different scientific disciplines, thematic fields, and professional sectors is considered to be a critical component of inter- and transdisciplinary research endeavors. However, little is known about the complex interplay between synthesizing heterogeneous findings, leading creative synthesis, and learning about leading and synthesizing. In the present article, we therefore focus on the key interactions between leading and synthesizing, between synthesizing and learning, and between learning and leading in inter- and transdisciplinary contexts and compile a set of 21 principles that guide the interactions between these components. We use these principles to reflect ex post on the benefits and challenges we encountered in developing a nationwide monitoring program for river restoration in Switzerland and draw lessons learned for future inter- and transdisciplinary research endeavors. We conclude that learning and synthesizing do not happen on their own but need to be designed as intentional and purposeful processes.
Development of a Validated UPLC–MS/MS Method for Simultaneous Estimation of Neratinib and Curcumin in Human Plasma: Application to Greenness Assessment and Routine Quantification
Authors: Alabbas Alhumaidi B , Alqahtani Safar M , Panda Sagar Suman , Alrobaian Majed , Altharawi Ali , Almalki Waleed H , Barkat Md Abul , Rub Rehan A , Rahman Mahfoozur , Mir Najib Ullah Shehla Nasar , Beg Sarwar
Published: August 2022

A validated ultraperformance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC–MS/MS) method was developed for the first-ever simultaneous analysis of neratinib, curcumin and internal standard (imatinib) using acetonitrile as the liquid–liquid extraction medium. On a BEH C18 (100 mm × 2.1 mm, 1.7 μm) column, the analytes were separated isocratically using acetonitrile (0.1% formic acid):0.002M ammonium acetate. The flow rate was set at 0.5 mL.min−1. The authors utilized multiple reaction monitoring-based transitions for the precursor-to-product ion with m/z 557.099 → 111.928 for neratinib, m/z 369.231 → 176.969 curcumin and m/z 494.526 → 394.141 for imatinib during the study. Validation of the method as per United States Food and Drug Administration requirements for linearity (5–40 ng mL−1), accuracy and precision, stability, matrix effect, etc. were investigated and were observed to be acceptable. Afterward, we evaluated the method for establishing its greenness profile by using two greenness assessment tools and found it green. Overall, a reliable green UPLC–MS/MS method was devised and used to estimate neratinib and curcumin in human plasma simultaneously.
Ensemble Framework Combining Family Information for Android Malware Detection
Authors: Li Yao , Xiong Zhi , Zhang Tao , Zhang Qinkun , Fan Ming , Xue Lei
Published: August 2022

Each malware application belongs to a specific malware family, and each family has unique characteristics. However, existing Android malware detection schemes do not pay attention to the use of malware family information. If the family information is exploited well, it could improve the accuracy of malware detection. In this paper, we propose a general Ensemble framework combining Family Information for Android Malware Detector, called EFIMDetector. First, eight categories of features are extracted from Android application packages. Then, we define the malware family with a large sample size as a prosperous family and construct a classifier for each prosperous family as a conspicuousness evaluator for the family characteristics. These conspicuousness evaluators are combined with a general classifier (which can be a base or ensemble classifier in itself), called the final classifier, to form a two-layer ensemble framework. For the samples of prosperous families with conspicuous family characteristics, the conspicuousness evaluators directly provide detection results. For other samples (including the samples of prosperous families with nonconspicuous family characteristics and the samples of nonprosperous families), the final classifier is responsible for detection. Seven common base classifiers and three common ensemble classifiers are used to detect malware in the experiment. The results show that the proposed ensemble framework can effectively improve the detection accuracy of these classifiers.
Development of a Health Behavior Screening Tool for Deaf College Students
Authors: Spear Suzanne E , Garrow William , Fleischer Flavia S , Mangat Jaskiran , Risberg Mia
Published: August 2022

Young adults who are Deaf or Hard-of-Hearing (D/HH) face behavioral health risks similar to hearing adults. Despite the emphasis on health behavior screening in health care settings, a brief screening tool in American Sign Language (ASL) does not exist. This manuscript describes the development and pilot testing of an online survey in ASL called the Deaf Health Behavior Report. The Deaf Health Behavior Report includes standardized questions for general health, health behaviors, and psychosocial topics. We invited all D/HH students at a university in Southern California to complete the Deaf Health Behavior Report. A total of 31 D/HH students completed the survey. The most prevalent health risks were related to nutrition, stress, and binge drinking. The Deaf Health Behavior Report is a useful tool for health promotion efforts on college campuses and in general health settings.
Unravelling the role of macrophages in cardiovascular inflammation through imaging: a state-of-the-art review
Authors: Parry Reece , Majeed Kamran , Pixley Fiona , Hillis Graham Scott , Francis Roslyn Jane , Schultz Carl Johann
Published: August 2022

Cardiovascular disease remains the leading cause of death and disability for patients across the world. Our understanding of atherosclerosis as a primary cholesterol issue has diversified, with a significant dysregulated inflammatory component that largely remains untreated and continues to drive persistent cardiovascular risk. Macrophages are central to atherosclerotic inflammation, and they exist along a functional spectrum between pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory extremes. Recent clinical trials have demonstrated a reduction in major cardiovascular events with some, but not all, anti-inflammatory therapies. The recent addition of colchicine to societal guidelines for the prevention of recurrent cardiovascular events in high-risk patients with chronic coronary syndromes highlights the real-world utility of this class of therapies. A highly targeted approach to modification of interleukin-1-dependent pathways shows promise with several novel agents in development, although excessive immunosuppression and resulting serious infection have proven a barrier to implementation into clinical practice. Current risk stratification tools to identify high-risk patients for secondary prevention are either inadequately robust or prohibitively expensive and invasive. A non-invasive and relatively inexpensive method to identify patients who will benefit most from novel anti-inflammatory therapies is required, a role likely to be fulfilled by functional imaging methods. This review article outlines our current understanding of the inflammatory biology of atherosclerosis, upcoming therapies and recent landmark clinical trials, imaging modalities (both invasive and non-invasive) and the current landscape surrounding functional imaging including through targeted nuclear and nanobody tracer development and their application.
A case report of an improvement in premature ventricular complex–induced cardiomyopathy following continuous positive airway pressure therapy in a patient with severe obstructive sleep apnoea
Authors: Sakai Togo , Takemoto Masao , Koga Tokushi , Tsuchihashi Takuya
Published: August 2022

Background

Premature ventricular complexes (PVCs) are the most common arrhythmias observed in patients without structural heart disease (SHD). Frequent PVCs cause left ventricular dilation and dysfunction without SHD, the so-called PVC-induced cardiomyopathy (PIC). Obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) is a highly prevalent disease worldwide and is strongly associated with arrhythmias including PVCs. PVCs have been reported in up to two-thirds of patients with OSA. Continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) is a well-established primary treatment modality in patients with moderate-to-severe OSA.

Case summary

We present a 69-year-old male case with severe OSA and an improvement in his PIC following CPAP therapy. He has remained well without any symptoms or arrhythmias for 2 years after the introduction of the CPAP therapy for his OSA.

Discussion

Using CPAP therapy for the treatment of his OSA, we could improve his PIC in accordance with a reduction in frequent PVCs without ablation of the PVCs. Only ablation without CPAP therapy may not be able to completely treat PIC associated with OSA, as in the present case. Thus, physicians should be aware of the possibility of PVCs associated with OSA when examining patients with PVCs. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of a case of improvement in PIC following CPAP therapy in a patient with severe OSA. Future investigations should focus on whether CPAP therapy can improve PIC associated with OSA and prevent a progression to heart failure and also result in an improvement in the prognosis.
Pulmonary arterial hypertension sensitive to calcium channel blocker, but not advanced pulmonary hypertension treatment: a case report
Authors: Hirakawa Kyoko , Aoki Tatsuo , Tsuji Akihiro , Ogo Takeshi
Published: August 2022

Background

Calcium channel blockers (CCB), the first accepted treatment, is effective only in a small number of idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension (I-PAH) patients with vasoreactivity [these patients are identified by a positive acute pulmonary vasoreactive test (AVT) response]. While the majority of I-PAH patients is non-vasoreactive and CCB non-responders, modern advanced pulmonary hypertension (PH)-specific therapies, which act on one of the three different mechanistic pathways—endothelin, nitric oxide (NO), and prostacyclin pathways, are effective. Treatment response to advanced PH-specific vasodilators in PAH patients with vasoreactivity is unknown.

Case summary

A 30-year-old woman with I-PAH was referred to our centre with worsening symptoms and deteriorating PH. She was being administered oral triple combination of advanced PH-specific treatment including a phosphodiesterase-5 inhibitor, an endothelin receptor antagonist, and a long-acting prostacyclin analogue. The patient showed positive AVT with NO inhalation while on these advanced PH-specific drugs. We added high-dose CCB, which dramatically normalized her pulmonary blood pressure without further symptoms, and she has remained stable for 5 years.

Discussion

Our case describes a PAH patient with vasoreactivity, who was resistant to three different types of advanced PH-specific vasodilators but was exclusively sensitive to CCB treatment. Some CCB responders may have a specific CCB-sensitive PAH phenotype refractory to other pulmonary vasodilators. This case highlights the role of identifying CCB responders in this era of use of modern, advanced PH-specific vasodilators. The investigation of the mechanisms underlying CCB sensitivity in PAH is necessary.
Fear of movement and its associated psychosocial factors in heart failure patients: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Zhang Xiuting , Zhao Qiuge , Wang Mei , Yang Mei , Fan Xiuzhen
Published: August 2022

Aims

Fear of movement is a significant obstacle to daily activities, which may lead to adverse outcomes in patients with heart failure. This study aimed to examine the prevalence of fear of movement and to identify psychosocial factors associated with fear of movement in heart failure patients.

Methods and results

In this cross-sectional study, a total of 305 heart failure patients were recruited from three cardiovascular units of a university hospital. Self-reported questionnaires were used to measure fear of movement, cardiac anxiety, depressive symptoms, subjective social status, education, monthly income, and employment status. The results showed that 178 (58.4%) patients were accompanied with fear of movement. Hierarchical linear regression analysis showed that scores for cardiac anxiety (β = 0.254, P < 0.001) and depressive symptoms (β = 0.308, P < 0.001), as well as being employed (β = 0.186, P < 0.001) were positively associated with fear of movement score, while the score for subjective social status (β = –0.101, P = 0.038) was negatively associated with fear of movement score. The four independent variables accounted for 30.3% of the variance in fear of movement.

Conclusions

Fear of movement is common in patients with heart failure. Cardiac anxiety, depressive symptoms, subjective social status, and employment status were associated with patients’ fear of movement. This indicates that measures should be taken to screen and manage patients’ fear of movement. Furthermore, alleviating cardiac anxiety and depressive symptoms may be important to consider in relieving fear of movement in heart failure patients, especially for those who are employed and with low subjective social status.