bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Radial PCI and the obesity paradox: Insights from blue cross blue shield of michigan cardiovascular consortium (BMC2)
Authors: McDonagh Jonathan R. , Seth Milan , LaLonde Thomas A. , Khandewal Akshay K. , Wohns David H. , Dixon Simon R. , Gurm Hitinder S.
Published: May 2015

Objective

To examine if transradial approach (TRA) negates the increased risk associated with femoral access in lean and morbidly obese patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI).

Background

Patients at extremes of body mass are at increased risk of bleeding after PCI. TRA has been associated with lower overall rates of bleeding compared to femoral approach.

Methods and Results

We studied patients undergoing emergent and elective PCI from 2010 to 2012 across 47 hospitals in Michigan who participate in the Blue Cross Blue Shield of Michigan Cardiovascular Consortium PCI registry. The primary outcomes were the incidences of bleeding and postprocedure transfusion. Propensity matching (PM) was used to adjust for nonrandomized use of TRA. TRA was used in 10,235 procedures. In PM analyses, use of TRA was associated with a reduction in bleeding (0.80 vs. 1.9%, odds ratio [OR] = 0.41, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.32–0.54, P < 0.001) and need for transfusion (1.4 vs. 2.5%, OR = 0.56, 95% CI = 0.45–0.69, P < 0.001) compared with femoral access. The absolute difference in bleeding and transfusion associated with TRA was largest in patients with lean body mass (BMI < 25 kg/m2) and morbid obesity (BMI ≥ 40 kg/m2): Lean patients undergoing TRA had a rate of bleeding of 1.2 versus 2.8% for femoral access (OR = 0.43, 95% CI = 0.24–0.77, P = 0.002); and rate of transfusion of 2.4 versus 3.9% (OR = 0.61, 95% CI = 0.40–0.94, P = 0.019). The morbidly obese had a rate of bleeding of 0.8% for TRA versus 2.4% for femoral access (OR = 0.33, 95% CI = 0.44–0.72, P = 0.004); and rate of transfusion of 1.7 versus 3.0%, (OR = 0.55, 95% CI = 0.30–1.0, P = 0.051).

Conclusions

Compared with the femoral approach, TRA is associated with a reduction in bleeding across all patients undergoing PCI and the absolute benefit was greatest in those with extremely low or high BMI. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Implantation of an Absorb bioresorbable vascular scaffold in the stenotic aortopulmonary collateral artery of a young child with Alagille syndrome
Authors: Castro Rodriguez Jose , Dessy Hugues , Demanet Hélène
Published: May 2015

Stent implantation in children can be problematic due to the possibility of growth incapacity and difficulties during later surgery. For these reasons, bioresorbable stents may be a good alternative to conventional stents. We report our experience with implantation of an Absorb bioresorbable stent in the stenotic major aortopulmonary collateral artery (MAPCA) of a 1‐year‐old girl born with pulmonary atresia with ventricular septal defect. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Bivalirudin is associated with improved clinical and economic outcomes in heart failure patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention: Results from an observational database
Authors: Pinto Duane S. , Kohli Payal , Fan Weihong , Kirtane Ajay J. , Kociol Robert D. , Meduri Christopher , Deliargyris Efthymios N. , Prats Jayne , Reynolds Matthew R. , Stone Gregg W. , Michael Gibson C.
Published: May 2015

Background

Outcomes with bivalirudin compare favorably with heparin ± GPIIb/IIIa receptor inhibition (heparin ± GPI) during percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). Patients with congestive heart failure (CHF) have increased risk for complications. The objective was to investigate clinical and economic outcomes for bivalirudin ± GPI vs. heparin ± GPI among PCI patients with CHF.

Methods

Using the Premier Hospital Database, PCI patients with CHF were stratified by anticoagulant: bivalirudin, bivalirudin ± GPI, heparin and heparin ± GPI. The probability of receiving bivalirudin ± GPI was estimated using individual and hospital variables. Using propensity scores, each bivalirudin ± GPI patient was matched to a heparin ± GPI patient. The primary outcome was in‐hospital death. Bleeding rates, transfusion, length of stay and in‐hospital cost were ascertained.

Results

Overall, 116,313 patients at 315 hospitals received bivalirudin (n = 45,559) bivalirudin + GPI (n = 8,115), heparin (n = 27,972) or heparin + GPI (n = 34,667). Patients had STEMI (21.2%), NSTEMI (29.1%), unstable angina (16.6%), stable angina (5.7%) or other ischemic heart disease (24.2%). Of these, 79.1% of bivalirudin patients matched, resulting in 84,948 analyzed patients. Compared with heparin ± GPI patients, bivalirudin ± GPI patients had fewer deaths (3.3% vs. 3.9%; p < 0.0001), less clinically apparent bleeding (10.2% vs. 11.4%; p < 0.0001), clinically apparent bleeding with transfusion (2.7% vs. 3.2%, p <0.0001), and transfusion (8.5% vs. 9.8%, p < 0.0001). Patients receiving bivalirudin had shorter length of stay (6.3 vs. 6.8 days; p < 0.0001) and lower in‐hospital cost (mean $26,706 vs. $27,166 [median $19,414 vs. $19,798]; p < 0.0001). In conclusion, this is the largest retrospective analysis of PCI patients with CHF and demonstrates bivalirudin ± GPI compared with heparin ± GPI is associated with lower inpatient rates of death, bleeding, and cost. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
ChemInform Abstract: Dielectric Properties, Polymorphism, Structural Characterisation and Phase Diagram of Na2Nb4O11—Ag2Nb4 O11 Solid Solutions.
Authors: Maso Nahum , West Anthony R.
Published: May 2015

(Na1‐xAgx)2Nb4O11 solid solution is prepared by solid state reaction of NaNO3, Ag2O, and Nb2O5 (650 °C, 2 d).
ChemInform Abstract: Hydrothermal Synthesis of a New Bi‐based (Ba0.82K0.18) (Bi0.53Pb0.47)O3 Superconductor.
Authors: Kumada Nobuhiro , et al.
Published: May 2015

The title compound is hydrothermally synthesized from an aqueous mixture of PbBi2O5.9 (obtained by stirring a solution of NaBiO3 and Pb(NO3)2 at 10 °C for 5 d), Ba(OH)2, and KOH (autoclave, 240 °C, 2 d).
ChemInform Abstract: Metal‐Free Efficient Photocatalyst for Stable Visible Water Splitting via a Two‐Electron Pathway.
Authors: Liu Juan , Liu Yang , Liu Naiyun , Han Yuzhi , Zhang Xing , Huang Hui , Lifshitz Yeshayahu , Lee Shuit‐Tong , Zhong Jun , Kang Zhenhui
Published: May 2015

Nanocomposites of carbon nanodots embedded in a C3N4 matrix are prepared by heating a mixture of ammonia‐treated carbon nanodots and urea powder at 550 °C for 3 h in an alumina crucible.
ChemInform Abstract: Rare‐Earth Manganese Arsenides RE4Mn2As5 (RE: La—Pr).
Authors: Tabassum Danisa , Lin Xinsong , Mar Arthur
Published: May 2015

The title compounds are prepared from the elements in the presence of Ga flux (fused silica tubes, 800 °C for 3 d, 1050 °C for 2 d) and characterized by powder and single crystal XRD.
ChemInform Abstract: Hydroflux Synthesis and Crystal Structure of New Lanthanide Tungstate Oxyhydroxides.
Authors: Latshaw Allison M. , Smith Mark D. , Chance W. Michael , zur Loye Hans‐Conrad
Published: May 2015

Single crystals of new tungsten‐containing Na5Ln(OH)6WO4 (Ln: Er, Tm, Yb) are prepared by the hydroflux method from Na2SiO3, Ln2O3, WO3, NaOH, and H2O (autoclave, 230 °C, 12 h).
ChemInform Abstract: Direct Reductive Coupling of Secondary Amides: Chemoselective Formation of Vicinal Diamines and Vicinal Amino Alcohols.
Authors: Huang Pei‐Qiang , Lang Qi‐Wei , Wang Ai‐E , Zheng Jian‐Feng
Published: May 2015

The first one‐pot reductive homocoupling reaction of secondary amides and cross‐coupling reaction of secondary amides with ketones to give secondary vicinal diamines and amino alcohols are reported.
ChemInform Abstract: Rhodium(I)‐Catalyzed Intermolecular [2 + 2 + 2] Cycloaddition of Allenyl Aldehydes with Alkynes and Related Cyclization.
Authors: Oonishi Yoshihiro , Saito Akira , Sato Yoshihiro
Published: May 2015

Internal alkynes (II) and (IV) undergo regio‐ and enantioselective [2 + 2 + 2] cycloadditions with allenyl aldehydes to form dihydropyran derivatives.
ChemInform Abstract: Radical Titanocene Promoted Coupling of Epoxides and Vinyl Sulfones.
Authors: Fernandez‐Mateos Alfonso , Encinas‐Madrazo Soledad , Herrero‐Teijon Pablo , Rubio Gonzalez Rosa
Published: May 2015

A straightforward synthetic pathway to hydroxy sulfones is presented.
ChemInform Abstract: Hydrofluorination of Alkynes Catalyzed by Gold Bifluorides.
Authors: Nahra Fady , Patrick Scott R. , Bello Davide , Brill Marcel , Obled Alan , Cordes David B. , Slawin Alexandra M. Z. , O'Hagan David , Nolan Steven P.
Published: May 2015

Nine new N‐heterocyclic carbene gold bifluoride complexes are synthesized which are found to be efficient catalysts for the hydrofluorination of symmetrical and unsymmetrical alkynes.
ChemInform Abstract: N‐Aminopyridinium Salts as Precursors for N‐Centered Radicals — Direct Amidation of Arenes and Heteroarenes.
Authors: Greulich Tobias W. , Daniliuc Constantin G. , Studer Armido
Published: May 2015

By means of photoredox catalysis under mild conditions arenes and hetarenes are amidated.
ChemInform Abstract: Fe(HSO4)3: An Efficient, Heterogeneous and Reusable Catalyst for C‐Alkylation of β‐Dicarbonyl Compounds.
Authors: Khafajeh Samaneh , Akhlaghinia Batool , Rezazadeh Soodabeh , Eshghi Hossein
Published: May 2015

Fe(HSO4)3 is used as an efficient catalyst for the heterogeneous addition of a series of benzylic and allylic alcohols to various β‐dicarbonyl compounds, which affords good yields of C‐alkylated products.
ChemInform Abstract: An Iron and Copper System Catalyzed C—H Arylation of Azoles with Arylboronic Acids.
Authors: Hu Wei‐Ye , Wang Pei‐Pei , Zhang Song‐Lin
Published: May 2015

An inexpensive and effective iron/copper catalytic system is used in the cross‐coupling of benzoxazoles and benzothiazoles with arylboronic acids.
ChemInform Abstract: Trifluoromethylation and Pentafluoroethylation of Vinylic Halides with Low‐Cost RfH‐Derived CuRf (Rf = CF3, C2F5).
Authors: Lishchynskyi Anton , Mazloomi Zahra , Grushin Vladimir V.
Published: May 2015

Mono‐, di‐ and trisubstituted vinyl bromides and vinyl iodides endowed with various functional groups undergo trifluoromethylation and pentafluoroethylation in generally high yield while retaining the stereochemistry of the substrate.
ChemInform Abstract: Platinum‐Catalyzed Allylation of Carbon Electrophiles with Alkenylsilanes.
Authors: Kinoshita Hidenori , Kizu Ryosuke , Inoue Gen , Fujimoto Masayuki , Saito Masanori , Ichikawa Junji , Hosomi Akira , Miura Katsukiyo
Published: May 2015

Z‐Alkenylsilanes are used as γ‐substituted allylsilane precursors for the allylation of carbon electrophiles such as aryl and alkyl acetals and aminals which may be synthesized in situ from the corresponding aldehyde and ortho‐formate or methyl carbamate, respectively.
ChemInform Abstract: Oxidative Umpolung α‐Alkylation of Ketones.
Authors: Shneider O. Svetlana , Pisarevsky Evgeni , Fristrup Peter , Szpilman Alex M.
Published: May 2015

A variety of 1,3‐dicarbonyl compounds and the lithium enolates of simple ketones are submitted to a hypervalent iodine‐mediated Umpolung‐reaction using dialkyl zinc as the alkylating agent.
ChemInform Abstract: Regioselective Synthesis of 1,3‐ and 1,2‐Tocopheryl Glyceride Ethers of Carboxylic Acids.
Authors: Choi Bo Seul , Choi Jeongae , Bak Seonyoung , Koo Sangho
Published: May 2015

Selective deprotection of 1,2‐tocopheryl glyceride ethers (V) succeeds with Super‐Hydride, but the method suffers from a certain degree of acyl group migration even at low temperature and extremely short reaction time (formic acid quenching).
ChemInform Abstract: Base‐Promoted Oxidative C—H Functionalization of α‐Amino Carbonyl Compounds under Mild Metal‐Free Conditions: Using Molecular Oxygen as the Oxidant.
Authors: Li Lei , Zhao Yu‐Long , Wang Qian , Lin Tao , Liu Qun
Published: May 2015

The reaction provides access to a variety of di‐, tri‐ and tetrasubstituted α‐aminocyclopentenones by an air‐mediated [4 + 1]‐carbocyclization reaction of N‐aryl α′‐amino‐α,β‐unsaturated ketones with ethyl cyanoacetate, isocyanoacetate or nitroalkanes.
ChemInform Abstract: Catalytic syn‐Selective Direct Aldol Reactions of Benzophenone Glycine Imine with Aromatic, Heteroaromatic and Aliphatic Aldehydes.
Authors: Lou Sha , Ramirez Antonio , Conlon David A.
Published: May 2015

N‐(Diphenylmethylene)glycinates undergo a highly stereoselective silver‐catalyzed aldol reaction affording ester in high yields.
ChemInform Abstract: N‐Heterocyclic Carbene‐Catalyzed Radical Reactions for Highly Enantioselective β‐Hydroxylation of Enals.
Authors: Zhang Yuexia , Du Yu , Huang Zhijian , Xu Jianfeng , Wu Xingxing , Wang Yuhuang , Wang Ming , Yang Song , Webster Richard D. , Chi Yonggui Robin
Published: May 2015

This method allows the synthesis of β‐hydroxyesters from simple enals with excellent enantioselectivities and in good yields.
ChemInform Abstract: A Facile and Mild Approach for Stereoselective Synthesis of α‐Fluoro‐.alpha±beta.‐unsaturated Esters from α‐Fluoro‐β‐keto Esters via Deacylation.
Authors: Qian Jinlong , Yi Wenbin , Lv Meifang , Cai Chun
Published: May 2015

The efficient method is scalable and delivers the products with high yields and excellent Z‐stereoselectivity.
ChemInform Abstract: Sulfide Synthesis Through Copper‐Catalyzed C—S Bond Formation under Biomolecule‐Compatible Conditions.
Authors: Zhang Yonghong , Li Yiming , Zhang Xiaomei , Jiang Xuefeng
Published: May 2015

A new efficient and mild method for constructing C—S bonds is reported.
ChemInform Abstract: Palladium‐Catalyzed ortho‐Sulfonylation of 2‐Aryloxypyridines and Subsequent Formation of ortho‐Sulfonylated Phenols.
Authors: Xu Yinfeng , Liu Ping , Li Shun‐Li , Sun Peipei
Published: May 2015

Both electron‐rich and electron‐deficient substrates can be used and various functional groups are tolerated.
ChemInform Abstract: Copper(II)‐Promoted C—C Bond Formation by Oxidative Coupling of Two C(sp3)‐H Bonds Adjacent to Carbonyl Group to Construct 1,4‐Diketones and Tetrasubstituted Furans.
Authors: Mao Shuai , Gao Ya‐Ru , Zhang Shao‐Liang , Guo Dong‐Dong , Wang Yong‐Qiang
Published: May 2015

Optimized conditions are developed for the preparation of the diketones (important substructures of natural products and pharmaceuticals) and for the simple, efficient, and regioselective formation of polysubstituted furans.
ChemInform Abstract: Tertiary α‐Diarylmethylamines Derived from Diarylketimines and Organomagnesium Reagents
Authors: Desmarchelier Alaric , Ortiz Pablo , Harutyunyan Syuzanna R.
Published: May 2015

18 examples
ChemInform Abstract: Highly Enantioselective Michael Reaction Employing Cycloheptanone and Cyclooctanone as Nucleophiles.
Authors: Xia Ai‐Bao , Zhao Long , Wang Tao , Zhang Yan‐Peng , Zhong Ai‐Guo , Xu Dan‐Qian , Xu Zhen‐Yuan
Published: May 2015

Michael adducts [(III) and (V)] are synthesized in good yields and high enantioselectivities using a hydroquinine‐based primary amine as catalyst.
ChemInform Abstract: Asymmetric Synthesis of Trisubstituted Aziridines via Aza‐Darzens Reaction of Chiral Sulfinimines.
Authors: Moragas Toni , Churcher Ian , Lewis William , Stockman Robert A.
Published: May 2015

The method provides a rapid access to 2,2′,3‐substituted aziridines.
ChemInform Abstract: Atom‐Economic Generation of Gold Carbenes: Gold‐Catalyzed Formal [3 + 2] Cycloaddition Between Ynamides and Isoxazoles.
Authors: Zhou Ai‐Hua , He Qiao , Shu Chao , Yu Yong‐Fei , Liu Shuang , Zhao Tian , Zhang Wei , Lu Xin , Ye Long‐Wu
Published: May 2015

Formal [3 + 2] cycloaddition of various ynamides with isoxazoles results in the formation of a series of 2‐aminopyrroles.
ChemInform Abstract: Gold(I)‐Catalyzed Diazo Cross‐Coupling: A Selective and Ligand‐Controlled Denitrogenation/Cyclization Cascade.
Authors: Xu Guangyang , Zhu Chenghao , Gu Weijin , Li Jian , Sun Jiangtao
Published: May 2015

An unprecedented gold‐catalyzed ligand‐controlled cross‐coupling of diazo compounds by sequential selective denitrogenation and cyclization affords N‐substituted pyrazoles in a position‐switchable mode.
ChemInform Abstract: One‐Pot, Three Component Synthesis of Thiazol‐2(3H)‐imines Using Poly(4‐vinylpyridine) as an Efficient Reusable Heterogeneous Basic Catalyst.
Authors: Yahyazadeh Asieh , Abbasi Shiran Jafar , M. Yamin Bohari , Shirini Farhad , Mamaghani Manouchehr
Published: May 2015

The regioselective and green method produces the products in excellent yields.
ChemInform Abstract: Formal Palladium‐Catalyzed Asymmetric Hydrogenolysis of Racemic N‐Sulfonyloxaziridines.
Authors: Song Bo , Yu Chang‐Bin , Huang Wen‐Xue , Chen Mu‐Wang , Zhou Yong‐Gui
Published: May 2015

The method provides a high‐yielding access to chiral aryl and alkyl substituted sultams and benzosultams with excellent enantiomeric excess.
ChemInform Abstract: N‐Heterocyclic Carbene‐Catalyzed Cyclocondensation of 2‐Aryl Carboxylic Acids and Enones: Highly Enantioselective Synthesis of δ‐Lactones.
Authors: Cheng Jin‐Tang , Chen Xiang‐Yu , Ye Song
Published: May 2015

Depending on the substrates′ substituents the products are obtained with moderate to good yields and with no to excellent diastereoselectivity.
ChemInform Abstract: Rapid Synthesis of 4‐Arylchromenes from ortho‐Substituted Alkynols: A Versatile Access to Restricted Isocombretastatin A‐4 Analogues as Antitumor Agents.
Authors: Renko Dolor , Provot Olivier , Rasolofonjatovo Evelia , Bignon Jerome , Rodrigo Jordi , Dubois Joelle , Brion Jean‐Daniel , Hamze Abdallah , Alami Mouad
Published: May 2015

A high yield procedure for the synthesis of various functionalized 4‐arylchromene derivatives [cf.
ChemInform Abstract: Efficient and Convenient Copper‐Free Pd(OAc)2/Ruphos‐Catalyzed Sonogashira Coupling in the Preparation of Corfin Analogues.
Authors: Dasaradhan Changalaraya , Kumar Yadavalli Suneel , Prabakaran Kamalakannan , Khan Fazlur‐Rahman Nawaz , Jeong Euh Duck , Chung Eun Hyuk
Published: May 2015

Novel 3‐(alkynyl)‐1H‐isochromen‐1‐ones (III) are obtained via a new Pd‐catalyzed Sonogashira coupling methodology.
ChemInform Abstract: An Atom‐Economic Green Approach: Oxidative Synthesis of Functionalized 1,4‐Dihydropyridines from N,N‐Dimethylenaminones and Amines.
Authors: Yu Fu‐Chao , Zhou Bei , Xu Hui , Chang Kwen‐Jen , Shen Yuehai
Published: May 2015

The oxidative three‐component reaction between N,N‐dimethylenaminones and amines features an unusual oxidation of in situ formed dimethyl amine to provide the 4‐methylene bridge of the dihydropyridines formed.
ChemInform Abstract: Copper‐Catalyzed Enantioselective Intramolecular Aryl C—N Coupling: Synthesis of Enantioenriched 2‐Oxo‐1,2,3,4‐tetrahydroquinoline‐3‐carboxamides via an Asymmetric Desymmetrization Strategy.
Authors: He Nian , Huo Yanping , Liu Jianguang , Huang Yusha , Zhang Shasha , Cai Qian
Published: May 2015

The products are obtained in good yields and with moderate enantiomeric excess.
ChemInform Abstract: Directed Metalation of 1‐Ester‐Substituted Indolizines: Base/Electrophile‐Controlled Regioselective Functionalization.
Authors: Amaral Monica F. Z. J. , Baumgartner Amanda A. , Vessecchi Ricardo , Clososki Giuliano C.
Published: May 2015

1‐Ester‐substituted indolizines are metallated and then functionalized by trapping with various electrophiles including iodine, dimethylformamide, aldehydes or trimethylsilyl chloride, or by Negishi cross‐coupling partners.
ChemInform Abstract: C—H Bond Functionalization via [1,5]‐Hydride Shift/Cyclization Sequence: Approach to Spiroindolenines.
Authors: Wang Peng‐Fei , Jiang Chun‐Huan , Wen Xiaoan , Xu Qing‐Long , Sun Hongbin
Published: May 2015

Optimized conditions A) can be applied to various indoles and benzaldehydes bearing a pyrrolidine moiety in o‐position.
ChemInform Abstract: Ga(OTf)3 Catalyzed Synthesis of 3,4‐Dihydropyrimidin‐2(1H)‐ones.
Authors: Xia Jingjing , Zhang Kehua
Published: May 2015

2‐oxopyrimidinones, 2‐thiopyrimidinones and cyclopentapyrimidinones are prepared by Biginelli reaction in high yields in short reaction times.
ChemInform Abstract: One‐Pot Synthesis of [1,2,3]Triazolo[1,5‐a]pyrazine Derivatives from Ynones and Amino Azide.
Authors: Koguchi Shinichi , Sakurai Azusa , Niwa Kosuke
Published: May 2015

The title compounds are synthesized by regioselective one‐pot synthesis in three steps: cycloaddition, dehydration, and deprotection.
ChemInform Abstract: Highly Enantioselective Access to Diketopiperazines via Cinchona Alkaloid Catalyzed Michael Additions.
Authors: Cabanillas Alejandro , Davies Christopher D. , Male Louise , Simpkins Nigel S.
Published: May 2015

Michael addition reactions of triketopiperazine derivatives to enones catalyzed by a cinchona alkaloid‐derived catalyst are studied.
ChemInform Abstract: RhIII‐Catalyzed Redox‐Neutral C—H Activation of Pyrazolones: An Economical Approach for the Synthesis of N‐Substituted Indoles.
Authors: Fan Zhoulong , Song Shanshan , Li Wei , Geng Kaijun , Xu Youjun , Miao Ze‐Hong , Zhang Ao
Published: May 2015

The reaction tolerates 3‐, 4‐ and 3,4‐substitutions in the aromatic groups in the pyrazolones, but no 2‐substituted or heteroaromatic groups.
ChemInform Abstract: A Novel One‐Pot Ionic Liquid Promoted Synthesis of Benzo[a]phenothiazine Derivatives
Authors: Yadav Ashok K. , Gupta Manisha
Published: May 2015

via condensation reactions of 1,4‐naphthoquinones (II) with 2‐aminobenzenethiols or their Zn‐salts
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Saturated Benzodioxepinone Analogues: Insight into the Importance of the Aromatic Ring Binding Motif for Marine Odorants.
Authors: Plummer Christopher M. , Gericke Robert , Kraft Philip , Raynor Aaron , Froese Jordan , Hudlicky Tomas , Rook Trevor J. , Jones Oliver A. H. , Huegel Helmut M.
Published: May 2015

The first saturated benzodioxepinone analogues of Calone 1951 ®, an important artificial fragrance, are synthesized via two different pathways.
ChemInform Abstract: Direct Radical Acetoxyphosphorylation of Styrenes Mediated by Manganese(III).
Authors: Zhou Shao‐Fang , Li Da‐Peng , Liu Kui , Zou Jian‐Ping , Asekun Olayinka Taiwo
Published: May 2015

The reaction of various styrenes and some other alkenes with phosphorus compounds (II) is investigated under optimized conditions.
ChemInform Abstract: 3‐(3,4,5‐Trimethoxyphenylselenyl)‐1H‐indoles and Their Selenoxides as Combretastatin A‐4 Analogues: Microwave‐Assisted Synthesis and Biological Evaluation.
Authors: Wen Zhiyong , Xu Jingwen , Wang Zhiwei , Qi Huan , Xu Qile , Bai Zhaoshi , Zhang Qian , Bao Kai , Wu Yingling , Zhang Weige
Published: May 2015

Most of the new selenylindole derivatives (III) and their selenoxides (IV) exhibit significant antiproliferative activities against three human cancer cell lines (gastric adenocarcinoma (SGC7901), oral carcinoma (KB) and fibrosarcoma (HT1080)).
ChemInform Abstract: A Catalytic Asymmetric Total Synthesis of (—)‐Perophoramidine.
Authors: Trost B. M. , Osipov M. , Krueger S. , Zhang Y.
Published: May 2015

The asymmetric key step of the new protocol is the molybdenum‐catalyzed allylic alkylation of the oxindole (II) to give (III) with high enantioselectivity.
ChemInform Abstract: Naphthalenones and Isocoumarins from a Costa Rican Fungus Xylariaceae sp. CR1546C.
Authors: Kim Ki Hyun , Beemelmanns Christine , Murillo Catalina , Guillen Anny , Umana Loengrin , Tamayo‐Castillo Giselle , Kim Su‐Nam , Clardy Jon , Cao Shugeng
Published: May 2015

isolation, structure elucidation, and biological activity of new compounds (I) and (II) along with eight related known compounds
ChemInform Abstract: Strong Red Emission in Eu3+/Bi3+ Ions Codoped CaWO4 Phosphors for White Light‐Emitting Diode and Field‐Emission Display Applications.
Authors: Du Peng , Krishna Bharat L. , Yu Jae Su
Published: May 2015

CaWO4:xEu3+ (x = 0.01, 0.03, 0.05, 0.07, 0.09, 0.11) and CaWO4:0.08Eu3+/yBi3+ (y = 0.005, 0.01, 0.02, 0.03) phosphors are synthesized by solid state reactions of CaCO3, WO3, Eu2O3, and Bi2O3 (alumina crucibles, 1100 °C, 6 h in air).
ChemInform Abstract: Wide‐Band Excited LaBMoO6:Eu3+ Red Phosphor for White‐Light‐Emitting Diode.
Authors: Zhang Z. W. , Ma D. Q. , Yue Y. , Ma M. Z. , Liu R. P.
Published: May 2015

The new title phosphor is synthesized by solid state reaction of H3BO3, (NH4)6Mo7O24, La2O3, and Eu2O3 (900 °C, 4 h in air).
ChemInform Abstract: Nitrogen‐doped Carbon Nanomaterials: To the Mechanism of Growth, Electrical Conductivity and Application in Catalysis
Authors: Podyacheva O. Yu. , Ismagilov Z. R.
Published: May 2015

Review: 120 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Molecular Design of the Valence Tautomeric Mixed‐Ligand Adducts of CoII Diketonates with Redox‐Active Ligands
Authors: Minkin Vladimir I. , Starikova Alyona A.
Published: May 2015

Review: 63 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Hydrogen Spillover in Encapsulated Metal Catalysts: New Opportunities for Designing Advanced Hydroprocessing Catalysts
Authors: Choi Minkee , Yook Sunwoo , Kim Hyungjun
Published: May 2015

Review: 52 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Azide‐Free Synthesis of 1,2,3‐Triazoles: New Opportunity for Sustainable Synthesis
Authors: Wan Jie‐Ping , Hu Deqing , Liu Yunyun , Sheng Shouri
Published: May 2015

Review: 47 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Chiral Liquid Crystals: Structures, Phases, Effects
Authors: Dierking Ingo
Published: May 2015

Review: 107 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Recent Advances of Chroman‐4‐one Derivatives: Synthetic Approaches and Bioactivities
Authors: Emami Saeed , Ghanbarimasir Zahra
Published: May 2015

Review: 102 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Towards a Methanol Economy Based on Homogeneous Catalysis: Methanol to H2 and CO2 to Methanol
Authors: Alberico E. , Nielsen M.
Published: May 2015

Review: [51 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Separation/Recycling Methods for Homogeneous Transition Metal Catalysts in Continuous Flow
Authors: Vural Guersel Iris , Noel Timothy , Wang Qi , Hessel Volker
Published: May 2015

Review: 108 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Non‐heme Iron Catalysts for Epoxidation and Aziridination Reactions of Challenging Terminal Alkenes: Towards Sustainability
Authors: Fingerhut Anja , Serdyuk Olga V. , Tsogoeva Svetlana B.
Published: May 2015

Review: 93 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Transition‐Metal‐Functionalized Ordered Mesoporous Silicas: An Overview of Sustainable Chiral Catalysts for Enantioselective Transformations
Authors: Cheng Tanyu , Zhao Qiankun , Zhang Dacheng , Liu Guohua
Published: May 2015

Review: 127 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Proton Bombardment in Mercury Target for Neutron Production ‐ Impact Dynamics on Interface Between Liquid and Solid Metals
Authors: Futakawa Masatoshi
Published: May 2015

Review: 36 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Biological Potential of Carbazole Derivatives
Authors: Gluszynska Agata
Published: May 2015

Review: 157 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Discovery of Orally Active Anticancer Candidate CFI‐400945 Derived from Biologically Promising Spirooxindoles: Success and Challenges
Authors: Yu Bin , Yu Zhiqiang , Qi Ping‐Ping , Yu De‐Quan , Liu Hong‐Min
Published: May 2015

Review: 34 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Green Chemistry Approaches as Sustainable Alternatives to Conventional Strategies in the Pharmaceutical Industry
Authors: Gupta Princy , Mahajan Aman
Published: May 2015

Review: [75 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Carbon‐ and Nitrogen‐Based Porous Solids: A Recently Emerging Class of Materials
Authors: Sakaushi Ken , Antonietti Markus
Published: May 2015

Review: 99 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Magnetic Nanohydrometallurgy: A Nanotechnological Approach to Elemental Sustainability
Authors: Toma Henrique E.
Published: May 2015

Review: 89 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Reclamation of Reactive Metal Oxides from Complex Minerals Using Alkali Roasting and Leaching — An Improved Approach to Process Engineering
Authors: Sanchez‐Segado S. , Makanyire T. , Escudero‐Castejon L. , Hara Y. , Jha A.
Published: May 2015

Review: 76 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Applications of Graphene and Related Nanomaterials in Analytical Chemistry
Authors: Ge Shenguang , Lan Feifei , Yu Feng , Yu Jinghua
Published: May 2015

Review: 193 refs.
A multi‐infrastructure gateway for virtual drug screening
Authors: Jaghoori Mohammad Mahdi , van Altena Allard J. , Bleijlevens Boris , Ramezani Sara , Font Juan Luis , Olabarriaga Silvia D.
Published: May 2015

In computer‐aided drug design, software tools are used to narrow down possible drug candidates, thereby reducing the amount of expensive in vitro research, by a process called virtual screening. This process includes large computations that require advanced computing infrastructure; however, using rapidly evolving high‐performance computing platforms can be difficult for biochemists. In this paper, we present a science gateway for virtual screening that has been tailored to the specific needs of our local users. The gateway provides user‐friendly access to distributed computing infrastructures for high‐throughput experiments with a few clicks. Its design is based on the generic layer developed for another gateway for neuroimaging data analysis, including data and computation management, as well as support for its operation. To facilitate scalability, the system architecture allows for adding new computing platforms to the back‐end without affecting the front‐end, from which the user can dynamically choose the preferred infrastructure. This paper describes the user‐centered design process, the system architecture and a performance assessment using gLite grid, Hadoop, and a local cluster. The empirical results show considerable speed‐ups and ease of use, as well as user satisfaction. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Minimum‐cost virtual machine migration strategy in datacenter
Authors: Zhang Xinyan , Li Keqiu , Zhang Yong
Published: May 2015

With an explosive growth of the datacenter research, virtual machines migration aiming at optimization of virtual machines placement is a major technology of improving power efficiency and resource utilization in the datacenter. While recent studies have primarily focused on maximizing resource utilization or minimizing migration cost separately, there has been little attention on jointly taking these two objectives into account. In this paper, we present the optimization model taking minimum migration cost and maximum resource utilization with multi‐resources such as storage, bandwidth, CPU, and disk space into account. The optimization of our proposed model is non‐deterministic polynomial‐time hard. According to the model, we present an efficient approximate algorithm based on bin packing algorithm, called MinCost, to resolve our model and obtain a near‐optimal solution. Finally, the simulation results in this paper show that our model and algorithm is efficient. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A simple LED driver with low dimming switch stress
Authors: Lin Yu‐Liang , Leng Chung‐Ming , Wang Jian‐Min
Published: May 2015

This paper aims to investigate the low dimming switch stress of a light‐emitting diode (LED) driver. Most dimmable LED drivers contain a series dimming switch with a LED string to implement a pulse‐width modulation‐dimming function. However, this setup causes the dimming switch to suffer from high voltage stress in the dimming interval. To reduce the voltage stress of a dimming switch, a low switch stress scheme is presented. The dimming circuit is parallel with the LED string. Using proper arrangement and design of the parameters, the dimming circuit changes the feedback status, which results in the output driving voltage varying between a constant current and a fixed voltage operation. These two operating conditions also make the LED string turn on/off alternately and consequently and perform the dimming function. The dimming switch acts by altering the feedback path instead of cutting off the main power flow; hence, it does not need a power level switch. Details of the operating principles and design considerations are discussed in this study. A prototype boost converter was developed to verify the feasibility of the proposed low dimming switch stress LED driver. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Maternal or zygotic sphingosine kinase is required to regulate zebrafish cardiogenesis
Authors: Mendelson Karen , Lan Yahui , Hla Timothy , Evans Todd
Published: May 2015

Background: The sphingosine 1‐phosphate (S1P) signaling pathway regulates zebrafish cardiogenesis, and provides a paradigm for how signaling gradients coordinate collective cell migration across tissue layers. It is known that the S1P transporter (Spns2) functions in extra‐embryonic YSL to activate G protein–coupled receptor (S1pr2) signaling in endoderm for deposition of positional cues (integrin, fibronectin, etc.). Such cues are recognized by overlying lateral precardiac mesoderm that migrates to the midline and fuses to form the primordial heart tube. However, the source of bio‐active S1P is not known. There are multiple receptors and it is not known if there are earlier or even receptor‐independent functions for S1P. Results: Because S1P can only be generated by sphingosine kinases, we targeted a mutation to the single kinase gene expressed during early embryogenesis (sphk2). Zygotic mutants survive to adulthood and appear normal, but maternal‐zygotic mutant embryos phenocopy null zygotic mutants of spns2 or s1pr2. Conclusions: The data show that maternally derived sphk2 RNA is fully sufficient to generate an S1P signaling gradient in the YSL that ultimately controls precardiac mesoderm migration during embryogenesis. Furthermore, despite maternal expression of sphk2, there are no obvious developmental functions requiring its activity prior to stimulation of S1pr2 in endoderm. Developmental Dynamics 244:948–954, 2015. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Expression of SPARC and the osteopontin‐like protein during skeletal development in the cichlid fish Oreochromis mossambicus
Authors: Weigele Jochen , Franz‐Odendaal Tamara A. , Hilbig Reinhard
Published: May 2015

Background: Bones are mainly composed of calcium hydroxyapatite and a proteinous matrix. In this study, we focus on the bone matrix proteins, the fish osteopontin orthologous protein (osteopontin‐like protein; OP‐L) and SPARC, because the current knowledge regarding their expression is fragmentary or contradictory. Results: We first provide a comprehensive and detailed description of skeletal development in the cichlid fish Oreochromis mossambicus. Following this, we analyzed the expression pattern of OP‐L and SPARC in detail during development. OP‐L expression was only found in tissues that undergo ossification (i.e., developing bones and teeth). Furthermore, we show that there is a fundamental difference in cartilage formation of the splanchnocranium and all other cartilages, concerning SPARC expression. Significantly, we show that the initial calcification of cranial bones occurs simultaneously with the expression of OP‐L and SPARC in the osteoblast‐like cells, which appear early in development. Conclusions: The difference in SPARC expression during chondrogenesis of the splanchnocranium is likely based on its different evolutionary history compared with the dermatocranium and chondrocranium. Moreover, our results suggest a co‐occurrence of the initial calcium deposition and bone matrix protein expression during osteogenesis. Overall, this study enhances our understanding of fish skeletal development and evolution. Developmental Dynamics 244:955–972, 2015. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The RVDM: modelling impacts, evolution and competition processes to determine riparian vegetation dynamics
Authors: García‐Arias Alicia , Francés Félix
Published: May 2015

The riparian vegetation dynamic model (RVDM) is an ecohydrological model aimed to study the vegetation dynamics in riparian areas that represents an upgrade with respect to previous tools in the way of understanding the riparian dynamics. Important novelties are proposed by this tool, including a high temporal resolution (daily time step), a proposal of a new plant classification approach useful for research and management (successional plant functional types), good representation of the key processes that determine the vegetation dynamics in riparian areas (drought and flood impacts, recruitment, growth, succession and competition), an easy implementation and feasible inclusion of river morphodynamics in the model implementation (including different daily elevation and soil maps in the inputs). The model implementation in a Mediterranean semi‐arid study site resulted satisfactorily (cell by cell calibration accuracy ≥65% and cell by cell validation accuracy between 40% and 60%), demonstrating the great potential of this approach for future research and management applications. Although 36 parameters are included in the model conceptualization, the global sensitivity analysis demonstrated that only eight types of parameters are actually influent. These parameters are as follows: minimum time since mixed for transition to terrestrial, root depths, transpiration factors, critical shear stress of early stages, minimum biomass required to allow succession, germination minimum capillary water content in the upper soil, effective depth considered for evaporation from bare soil and coverage of pioneers. Riparian vegetation dynamic model will be a useful tool for gaining a better understanding of the riparian plants behaviour under different ecohydrological conditions. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Development of analytical methods for the determination of free and ester bound 2‐, 3‐MCPD, and esterified glycidol in fishery products
Authors: Karl Horst , Merkle Sybille , Kuhlmann Jan , Fritsche Jan
Published: May 2015

In the present study, existing official methods for oils were modified in order to analyze free and bound MCPD and bound glycidol in fish. Free 3‐MCPD was determined in aqueous extracts of fishery products. DGF standard methods C‐VI‐17(10) and C‐VI‐18(10) and the 3 in 1 method were modified and tested to quantify ester‐bound 2‐ and 3‐MCPD and glycidyl esters. The different methods were validated using spiked fish mince and a naturally contaminated reference material consisting of homogenized smoked sprat and fish sticks. The methods showed good agreement. Assay B of the modified DGF method C‐VI‐18(10) and the adapted 3 in 1 method allow a quantitative determination of bound 2‐ and 3‐MCPD in fishery products. In addition, glycidyl esters can be quantified applying the 3 in 1 method. The screening of various fishery products showed that smoked fish may contain considerable amounts of free 3‐MCPD. Concentrations ranged between 8 and 388 μg/kg wet weight (ww). Only traces of free 3‐MCPD were found in all other fishery products. Fish sticks and fried fish products are potential sources of 3‐ and 2‐MCPD esters, but large variation were observed. Bound 3‐MCPD ranged between 45 and 377 μg/kg ww, bound 2‐MCPD between 9 and 116 μg/kg ww.

Practical applications: The European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) is calling for occurrence data of 2‐MCPD, 3‐MCPD, 2‐MCPD ester, 3‐MCPD ester, and glycidyl ester in foods including fishery products. At present, there is no official method for the determination of these food processing contaminants in fish and fishery products. Therefore, the approach of this study was to establish analytical methods for the quantification of free and bound MCPD and bound glycidol in fish, based on the modification of existing methods for edible oils. The adapted methods allow a sensitive quantitative determination of the target analytes in various fishery products.

The proposed modified methods allow they analysis of free and bound 2‐, 3‐MCPD, and esterified glycidol in fishery products.
3‐MCPD‐ and glycidyl esters can be mitigated in vegetable oils by use of short path distillation
Authors: Pudel Frank , Benecke Patrick , Vosmann Klaus , Matthäus Bertrand
Published: May 2015

Short path distillation was applied to produce edible oils low in 3‐MCPD‐FE and G‐FE, but with comparable quality to conventionally deodorized oils. By use of the Response Surface Methology the effect of different process parameters (condenser temperature (X1), evaporator temperature (X2), stirrer speed (X3) and pump frequency (X4)) on quality parameters of the oil (content of 3‐MCPD‐FE/G‐FE (minimal), acid value (minimal), content of vitamin‐E‐active compounds (sum of tocopherols and tocotrienols, maximal) and oxidation stability (maximal)) was investigated. A model was calculated for the production of refined palm oil with lowest amounts of 3‐MCPD‐FE/G‐FE and a chemical and sensory quality comparable to oil produced by standard deodorization. For the different variables of short path distillation no 3‐MCPD‐FE was detected in any of the samples, while the level for G‐FE ranged between the limit of detection and 0.7 mg/kg. A target conflict between the content of vitamin‐E‐active compounds (maximal) and acid value (minimal) was found, but in a (global) optimum of all target quality parameters (condenser temperature = 60°C, evaporator temperature = 170°C, stirrer speed = 100 rpm and pump frequency = 20 Hz) the quality of the short path distilled palm oil was comparable to conventionally refined palm oil. Slightly poorer sensory quality regarding taste and smell can be improved by a mild deodorization after short path distillation. Only the colour of the resulting oil differs from that of a conventionally refined oil, one being orange red due to the carotinoids which were not thermally decomposed.

Practical Application: Mitigation of 3‐MCPD‐FE and G‐FE is a big issue in oil processing. Especially for sensible products such as baby food the content of the esters should be as low as possible without changing the quality of the edible oil. Short path distillation is known as a gentle method used for the enrichment and purification of heat‐sensitive compounds. Thus the application of short path distillation on the purification of edible oils within the refining process could be an interesting option for the production of oils low in 3‐MCPD and glycidyl esters while maintaining high oil quality.

Use of Response Surface Methology short path distillation followed by mild deodorization (180°C, 120 min) has been optimized to obtain edible oils low in 3‐MCPD‐FE and G‐FE but with comparable oil quality to conventionally deodorization. Only the red colour of palm oil was not reduced by this procedure.
Gold‐ and Silver‐Catalyzed 7‐endo‐dig Cyclizations for the Synthesis of Oxazepines
Authors: Peshkov Anatoly A. , Nechaev Anton A. , Pereshivko Olga P. , Goeman Jan L. , Van der Eycken Johan , Peshkov Vsevolod A. , Van der Eycken Erik V.
Published: May 2015

A comprehensive study on gold‐ and silver‐catalyzed cycloisomerizations of hydroxypropargylamides into oxazepines is described. Three different types of hydroxypropargylamide substrates derived from either amide coupling or Ugi reactions have been validated resulting in establishment of selective and general access to a medium‐ring oxazepine core.
Capillary electrophoresis coupled to contactless conductivity detection for the analysis of S‐nitrosothiols decomposition and reactivity
Authors: Ismail Abdulghani , d'Orlyé Fanny , Griveau Sophie , Bedioui Fethi , Varenne Anne , da Silva José Alberto Fracassi
Published: May 2015

S‐Nitrosothiols (RSNO) are composed of a NO group bound to the sulfhydryl group of a peptide or protein. RSNO are very important biological molecules, since they have many effects on human health. RSNO are easily naturally decomposed by metal ions, light, and heat, with different kinetics. They can furthermore undergo transnitrosation (NO moieties exchange), which is a crucial point in physiological conditions since the concentration ratios between the different nitrosothiols is a key factor in many physiopathological processes. There is therefore a great need for their quantitation. Many S‐nitrosothiol detection and quantitation methods need their previous decomposition, leading thus to some limitations. We propose a direct quantitation method employing the coupling of capillary electrophoresis with a homemade capacitively coupled contactless conductivity (C4D) detector in order to separate and quantify S‐nitrosoglutathione and its decomposition products. After optimization of the method, we have studied the kinetics of decomposition using light and heat. Our results show that the decomposition by light is first order (kobs  =  (3.40 ± 0.15) × 10−3 s−1) while that using heat (at 80°C) is zeroth order (kobs,80°C  =  (4.34 ± 0.14) × 10−6 mol L−1 s−1). Transnitrosation reaction between S‐nitrosoglutathione and cysteine was also studied, showing the possibility of separation and detection of all the products of this reaction in less than 2.5 min.
Ultraviolet C radiation influences the robustness of RNA integrity measurement
Authors: Unger Conny , Kofanova Olga , Sokolowska Kate , Lehmann Daniel , Betsou Fay
Published: May 2015

The analytical and clinical validity of analyses of RNA samples destined for clinical diagnosis and therapeutic management is directly impacted by RNA quality. RNA is affected by heat, enzymatic degradation, and Ultraviolet (UV) light. RNA from three eukaryotic cell lines was degraded by heat, RNase, or UV light. RNA integrity values obtained with the benchmark Agilent Bioanalyzer 2100 system were compared with those from the more recent QIAxcel Advanced system. The application of this novel method has allowed us to unravel differences between RNA biophysical and biochemical degradation modes. Agilent RNA integrity number (RIN) and QIAxcel RIS were comparable in heat‐degraded and RNase III‐degraded RNA. Agilent RIN and QIAxcel RIS were comparable at a RIN decision level of 7 in UV‐degraded RNA but not overall. The QIAxcel RIS method was more precise than Agilent RIN for RIN<8, while the inverse was true for RIN≥8. Greater degradation of mRNA and rRNA in UV‐damaged samples hampered the Agilent RIN calculation algorithm. Overall, RIS was more robust than RIN for assessing RNA integrity. The ΔΔCt‐values for heat‐ and UV‐degraded RNA samples showed slightly higher correlation with RIS than with RIN. RNA integrity can be used to categorize RNA samples for suitability for downstream gene expression analyses, independently of the RNA degradation mechanism. The new method QIAxcel is more robust and therefore allows more accurate categorization of compromised RNA samples.
Co‐pyrolysis characteristics of coal and sludge blends using thermogravimetric analysis
Authors: Xiao Pu , Xu Ling , Wang Xidong , Chang Zhibin
Published: May 2015

Co‐pyrolysis characteristics of low grade coal (LGC) and sludge derived fuel (SDF) as well as their blends (L/S = 85/15, 75/25, 50/50, and 25/75) were determined at nonisothermal (10, 20, and 30°C/min) conditions in nitrogen atmosphere using thermogravimetric analyzer (TGA). The results indicated that SDF decomposed at a lower temperature than LGC and weight loss of L/S blends was lower than individual LGC or SDF. The difference of weight loss between experimental measurement and theoretical calculation reached circa 0.82 to 2.50 wt % at around 900°C, indicating that there was an inhibitive effect between LGC and SDF. In addition, textural analysis also confirmed the assumption that L/S blend char had higher surface area but less micropore. The results of kinetics analysis showed that the process could be described by two or three consecutive first order reactions, which revealed the possible mechanism of co‐pyrolysis behaviors between LGC and SDF. The estimated kinetics parameters (activation energies and pre‐exponential factors) for LGC, SDF and their blends were found to be in the range of 16.3 to 144.1 kJ/mol and 1.21 to 4.09 × 1010 min−1, respectively. Lower activation energies observed in the relevant decomposition stages indicated that the reaction became faster upon blending. © 2015 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Environ Prog, 34: 1780–1789, 2015