bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Pandemia e ensino remoto emergencial: os desafios vivenciados pelos professores em uma Escola Pública de Macaíba/RN
Authors: Macêdo Júnior Adriano Menino de , Silva Clécio Danilo Dias da , Oliveira Swianny Rodrigues de , Silva Jhuliete Duarte da , Silva Rafael Araújo da , Araújo Jones Carlos de , Dias Rodrigo de Loyola
Published: October 2021

A partir do impacto da pandemia causada pela Covid-19, a educação no Brasil teve de se adaptar ao isolamento social e a metodologias de ensino remoto emergencial e o ensino híbrido. Diante deste atual cenário vivido pelos professores e alunos de todo o Brasil é que essa pesquisa se tornará de suma importância. Esse artigo teve como objetivo principal investigar como os professores da Escola Municipal Manoel Duarte Filho enfrentaram o atual cenário pandêmico no ensino remoto. Investigamos os desafios encontrados pelos docentes frente à escassez de recursos digitais e financeiros, na zona rural de um município do Rio Grande do Norte, Região Nordeste do Brasil. A pesquisa foi mediada pelo Google Forms, com perguntas que visam mapear a dificuldade do ensino remoto, no cenário pandêmico, nesta escola de zona rural. Contamos com a participação de 21 professores que se dispuseram a responder questões que ao longo da discussão serão evidenciadas. O presente artigo mostra a importância do professor se manter atualizado frente às tecnologias, manter uma formação continuada e a democratização da internet em todo o mundo.
Metodologias para o ensino de zoologia: uma análise bibliográfica reflexiva
Authors: Lima Sulamita de Carvalho , Egidio Jonatha Anderson Fraga , Nascimento Barbara Proença do
Published: October 2021

A zoologia é a área da biologia que dedica seus estudos sobre os animais. Os estudantes aprendem sobre os animais durante todo ciclo da educação básica. Observa-se a importância de estudar sobre os animais devido a sua interação com a humanidade, sua importância ecológica, econômica e de saúde pública. Apesar de sua importância, nota-se que o ensino da zoologia apresenta diversos problemas, principalmente no que diz respeito ao processo de ensino e aprendizagem que pouco envolve atividade lúdicas, e baseia-se quase sempre em atividades conceituais. Desse modo, o objetivo de nossa pesquisa é realizar análise de literaturas publicadas sobre as metodologias para o ensino de zoologia na educação básica como meio de facilitar o processo de ensino. Como metodologia para a pesquisa, utilizou-se o site Google Scholar, analisando artigos publicados em menos de dez anos, por meio das seguintes palavras chaves: ensino; material didático; metodologia; zoologia. Nos artigos analisados, foi possível observar a utilização de modelos didáticos tridimensionais que simulam a estrutura corporal de animais, recurso multimídia, computadores com acesso a internet, fotografias de animais e/ou suas estruturas anatômicas, jogos didáticos e mapas conceituais. Diversos autores concordam que a adoção de recursos didáticos como estes facilitam o processo de aprendizagem além de tornar este mais interessante e atraente para o estudante. Assim, concluímos que a utilização de materiais didáticos que tornam mais palpáveis os conceitos apresentados em sala de aula, pode trazer mais qualidade para o processo de ensino nas escolas, além disso, é necessário que os educadores estejam sempre atualizando e capacitando-se para trazer inovações educacionais.
Análise do conhecimento de estudantes da educação básica sobre dengue
Authors: Marinho Willian Rodrigues da Costa , Egidio Jonatha Anderson Fraga
Published: October 2021

A dengue é uma doença sistêmica causada por um vírus. A transmissão desta doença viral ocorre através de mosquitos do gênero Aedes. Atualmente o vírus da dengue passou a dispersar-se de forma eminente por países tropicais e subtropicais. Assim, a dengue vem configurando um quadro preocupante, uma vez que se tornou um problema de saúde pública em todo mundo. Atualmente busca-se controlar a doença e diminuir os riscos aos seres humanos, visto que não há cura até o momento. Neste sentido, as medidas socioeducativas apresentam um papel relevante no combate aos vetores da doença. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o conhecimento de estudantes do terceiro ano de escolas estaduais de Macaé sobre a dengue. Foram aplicados questionários aos alunos do terceiro ano das Escolas Estaduais Luiz Reid, Irene Meirelles e Matias Neto em Macaé. O questionário composto por 13 perguntas do tipo múltipla escolha, foi elaborado com base nas informações esperadas de um aluno de terceiro ano sobre o assunto. Após aplicação os questionários foram analisados e tabulados no programa de Excel® (Windows 2013) para  confecção de gráficos e tabelas. Com base nos resultados, identificou-se que os estudantes sabem que o agente causador da dengue é um vírus (39%) e que a transmissão da doença se dá por meio do mosquito Aedes aegypti (54%). Os alunos ainda fazem confusão com relação aos problemas de saúde pública que contribuem para a expansão da dengue, (3%) deles não têm consciência que o lixo acumulado contribui para expansão da doença. Os sintomas da dengue ainda são desconhecidos por (19%) dos estudantes, talvez pelo desconhecimento dos termos médicos utilizados. O meio pelo qual os alunos ouvem falar sobre a dengue variou entre as escolas, sendo a televisão e a escola os meios mais citados. Os alunos reconhecem que a dengue pode ser prevenida e pode causar a morte, mas 18% responderam que já foi encontrado foco da doença em sua residência, apesar de dizerem que medidas de segurança são tomadas a fim de evitar a proliferação do mosquito em suas casas. Conclui-se que, a maioria dos alunos do terceiro ano das escolas estaduais de Macaé têm os conhecimentos básicos sobre a transmissão da dengue, porém o tema precisa ser melhor trabalhado em algumas escolas, bem como os estudantes precisam estar mais atentos às medidas de prevenção da disseminação da doença em suas casas.
JAVNE I UMJETNIČKO-PEDAGOŠKE AKTIVNOSTI STUDENATA UČITELJSKOG STUDIJA U 2020. GODINI
Authors: Janković Dijana , Dragić Želimir
Published: October 2021

Studenti Učiteljskog studija Filozofskog fakulteta Univerziteta u Banjoj Luci, pored obaveznog pohađanja nastave, veoma često aktivno učestvuju u organizaciji i realizaciji vannastavnih aktivnosti. To je posebno značajno za razvijanje njihovih profesionalnih kompetencija. U daljem tekstu pomenućemo nekoliko važnih javnih i umjetničko-pedagoških aktivnosti koje su u 2020. godini sproveli studenti Učiteljskog studija, uz pomoć njihovih nastavnika.
A REVIEW ON THE APPLICATION OF SOLID LIPID NANOPARTICLES IN TRANSDERMAL PATCH DRUG DELIVERY
Authors: Alam Rabnoor , . Kamini , Arora Aastha , Gupta Harsh , Sharma Pankaj Kumar
Published: October 2021

The transdermal patches are used to deliver medication through the skin to treat the entire ailment. These depend on a unique size property of skins to encoded drugs solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNs) current a chance to create upon novel therapeutic properties used for drugs transmission SLN targeting holds great potential for target achieving, a penalty area, Many aspects of the loaded of SLN sin transdermal patches for increasing mechanism of penetration, formulation, characterization parameters, future advantages, limitations of SLNs, had better biocompatibility, low harmfulness, SLNs is physically stable, and better delivery for Lipophilic drugs are discussed here. SLNs are a hybrid of liposomes and polymer-based carriers that could be used to encapsulate both lipid and water-soluble medicines. SLN is a low-cost product that can be scaled up. They also have a long-life span and could be customized by using different lipids. Because of their multiple significant qualities, SLNs also started to emerge when effective drug delivery carriers, as well as the prospect with liposome delivery of drugs, depends heavily on them. Many patents relating to SLNs have already been submitted, there are more invented SLN-based delivery systems on the way soon.
A CRITICAL ANALYSIS ON NIRUHA BASTI SAMMELANA VIDHI
Authors: Dias Reeny Ravina , HS Madhushree , Puttur Ganesh
Published: October 2021

Niruha Basti (therapeutic decoction enema) is one of the important Panchakarma procedures (five internal bio-cleansing procedures) which is the best treatment modality in the diseases caused due to not only Vata, but also when associated with other Doshas as well. The preparation of Niruha Basti comprises of step wise mixing of ingredients as described in the Ayurveda classics. In the present study, simple Erandamoola Niruha Basti was prepared by adding Madhu (honey), Saindhava (rock salt), Moorchita Tila Taila (medicated sesame oil), Shatapushpa Kalka (paste of Athenum sowa) and Erandamoola Kwatha (decoction of root of Ricinus communis) in classical method to assess the changes in particle size distribution in each step of preparation at specific intervals. The changes taken place during the Bhavana of the ingredients was observed under microscope. The Erandamoola Niruha Basti was prepared in classical method as well as contemporary methods like churner, mixer, etc., to assess the emulsion stability. Another Erandamoola Niruha Basti was also prepared replacing Madhu (honey) with egg yolk to check for emulsion stability and particle size & distribution.
A Study on Generalized p-Oresme Numbers
Authors: Soykan Yüksel
Published: October 2021

In this paper, we introduce the generalized p-Oresme sequences and we deal with, in detail, three special cases which we call them modified p-Oresme, p-Oresme-Lucas and p-Oresme sequences. We present Binet’s formulas, generating functions, Simson formulas, and the summation formulas for these sequences. Moreover, we give some identities and matrices related with these sequences.
How Does Audio Marketing Work?
Authors: Yen Tsai-Fa(TF)
Published: October 2021

Audio marketing is an important part of new media marketing. Its estimated market size increases by 44 times within seven years, and the growth trend of the industry is explosive. However, within a decade of development, there are still many problems to be solved. The purpose of this paper is to verify the significance, problems and countermeasures of audio marketing. Data was collected by literature retrieval and induction method was employed for analysis and interpretation. Findings show that the main problems of audio marketing are focused on audio content production (audio products/services) and platform management, and there is a relative lack of discussion on audio market analysis and target marketing analysis. Finally, it is suggested that future research should start from these two directions and give recommendations on audio marketing.
The Direct Simulation of Third Order Linear Problems on Single Step Block Method
Authors: Sabo J. , Skwame Y. , Kyagya T. Y. , Kwanamu J. A.
Published: October 2021

In this article, the direct simulation of third order linear problems on single step block method has been proposed. In order to overcoming the setbacks in reduction method, direct method has been proposed using power series to reduce computational burden that occur in the reduction method. Numerical properties for the block method are established and the method developed is consistent, convergent and zero-stable. To validate the accuracy of the block method, certain numerical test problems were considered, the results shown that the accuracy of our method are more accurate over the existing method in literature.
Dynamics of a Reaction Diusion Brucellosis Model
Authors: Lolika Paride O. , Mushayabasa Steady
Published: October 2021

To understand the effects of animal movement on transmission and control of brucellosis infection, a reaction diffusion partial differential equation (PDE) brucellosis model that incorporates wild and domesticated animals under homogeneous Neumann boundary conditions is proposed and analysed. We computed the reproductive number for the brucellosis model in the absence of spatial movement and we established that, the associated model has a globally asymptotically stable disease-free equilibrium whenever the reproductive number is less or equal to unity. However, if the reproductive number is greater than unity an endemic equilibrium point which is globally asymptotically stable exists. We performed sensitivity analysis on the key parameters that drive the disease dynamics in order to determine their relative importance to disease transmission and prevalence. For the model with spatial movement the disease threshold is studied by using the basic reproductive number. Additionally we investigate the existence of a Turing stability and travelling waves. Our results shows that incorporating diffusive spatial spread does not produce a Turing instability when the reproductive number R0ODE  associated with the ODE model is less than unity. Finally the results suggest that minimizing interaction between buffalo and cattle population can be essential to manage brucellosis spillover between domesticated and wildlife animals. Numerical simulations are carried out to support analytical findings.
Evaluation of Dental Hygiene and Para-functional Habits in Oro-facial Pain among Patients Visiting Sharad Pawar Dental College & Hospital: A Questionnaire Based Cross Sectional Study
Authors: Tijare Raksha , Chhabra Kumar Gaurav , Reche Amit , Madhu Priyanka Paul , Agrawal Sakshi , Chandak Vaishnavi
Published: October 2021

Background: It is important for dental care providers to make the correct diagnosis and treatment of the oro-facial region. For treatment planning, it is very crucial to eliminate the risk factors. In this study, we will evaluate dental hygiene and para-functional habits in oro-facial pain among patients visiting Sharad Pawar Dental College and Hospital.

Objectives: To assess the prevalence of oro-facial pain associated with oral hygiene practices and para-functional habits among patients visiting Sharad Pawar Dental College and Hospital. Also, explore the co-relation of dental hygiene, para-functional habits, and oro-facial pain.

Methodology:  Patients from Sharad Pawar Dental College and Hospital are sorted for study. The current study will randomly recruit male and female participants of Sharad Pawar Dental College and Hospital encountered with oro-facial pain and unfamiliar oro-facial pain contributors. That will be sorted out via the convenient sampling method. Procedures in the contemporary study will be overseen in full accordance with the Public Health Department at SPDC and former the wince data collection, each contributor will be required to sign a written informed consent. Three interviewers will interview the contributors using a validated questionnaire at SPDC.

Expected Results: The expected result of this study will evaluate dental hygiene and para-functional habits of oro-facial pain among patients visiting Sharad Pawar Dental College and Hospital.  In this study, we will evaluate the co-relation of dental hygiene, para-functional habits, and orofacial pain to find any significant association between these three factors.

Conclusion: This study will be conducted to assess the prevalence of orofacial pain associated with oral hygiene practices and para-functional habits among patients visiting Sharad Pawar Dental College and Hospital. Also we will evaluate the co-relation of dental hygiene, para-functional habits, and orofacial pain to find any significant association between these three factors.
Impact of COVID-19 on Oral Health
Authors: Chandak Vaishnavi , Madhu Priyanka Paul , Chhabra Kumar Gaurav , Reche Amit , Tijare Raksha , Agrawal Sakshi
Published: October 2021

In December 2019 an outbreak of COVID19 occurred which is a severe acute respiratory disorder. Many succumbed to this global pandemic and many are still fighting the after effect of it. The virus directly affects the immune system especially of lungs. Therefore, the people who already have compromised immunity are at the very risk. The first symptoms to appear in COVID19 patients are ageusia and anosmia while treating the COVID19 patient’s certain practices are followed which aid in rapid oral health deterioration like oxygen mask, ventilators, heavy dose of medicines. Certain medicines used in treatment also precipitate poor oral health like bleeding gums, oral ulceration and dry mouth are the most common oral health problems faced after COVID19 recovery. COVID directly affects the immune system thereby making way for opportunistic infections like mucormycosis. Mucormycosis offers a severe burden on oral and general health affecting the standard of living and cause death in severe cases. Sinusitis, Periodontitis, black staining across the bridge of nose and sinus, localized discomfort and unbearable diplopia and refractive errors along with embolism and necrosis are seen in mucormycosis patients. Treatment of mucormycosis consists of surgery and replacement of lost structures Patients with compromised immunity need to take proper precautions during and after COVID.
Antibacterial, Antifungal Chalcone Derivatives as EGFR Inhibitors-Molecular Docking and ADMET Studies
Authors: Sattu Hemalatha , Nerella Indira rani , Tangeda Saritha Jyostna
Published: October 2021

Aim: In our earlier research, we have synthesized series of substituted 1-(2, 5-dimethyl thiophene-3yl)-(4-substituted phenyl)-2-propene-1-one derivatives and evaluated them for their anti-bacterial and antifungal activity. In recent years, chalcone derivatives are proved for their varied pharmacological effects ranging from antimicrobial activity to anti-cancer effects. In this study, we have hypothesized the efficiency of our earlier synthesized anti-bacterial and antifungal chalcone derivatives for their potential inhibition of epidermal growth factor receptor protein (EGFR), through molecular docking studies.

Methodology: Molecular docking simulation studies are performed using the Glide XP module of Schrodinger Suite and ligand binding energies are also calculated.

Results: Molecular docking studies of the selected compounds against EGFR revealed docking scores ranging from -6.746 (compound 5) to -5.681 (compound 3) and also provided insight into binding conformations of the ligands in the EGFR protein environment. Additionally, molecular property and Absorption, Distribution, Metabolism, and Excretion (ADME) predictor analysis is also performed for the dataset ligands, which further provided the probable explanation for the binding potentials.

Conclusion: Among all the tested dataset ligands, compound 5 has shown the highest dock score (-6.746) with better ADME profiles. Binding energies in the protein-ligand interactions explain how fit the ligand binds with the target protein. Molecular docking studies of these anti-bacterial, antifungal chalcone derivatives provided deeper insights in understanding the probable conformations of these tested ligands in the EGFR protein environment.
Left Ventricular Hypertrophy (LVH) in Patients with Advanced Stages of Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD)
Authors: Khan Faiza Nafees , Begum Imtiaz , Raza Syed Ali , Hussain Sohail , Sidhwani Santosh Kumar , Wasti Hina
Published: October 2021

Objective: To determine the left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) prevalence in patients admitted with advanced stage of Chronic kidney disease at Ziauddin hospital.

Methodology: This was a cross-sectional study conducted in department of Nephrology of Ziauddin University Hospital, Karachi from January to July 2016. The inclusion criteria involved patients with CKD stages 3-5 undergoing two-dimensional M mode Doppler echocardiography. The sample size of the study was 147. LVH was considered as positive when Inter-ventricular-septal-wall-thickness in diastole (IVSd) >11 mm, Left-Ventricular-Septal-Wall-Thickness in diastole (LVPWd) >11 mm and Left-Ventricular-Mass-Index (LVMi) >131 g/m2 for men and > 100 g/m2 for women. The exclusion criteria included patients with terminal illness, on mechanical ventilator support, valvular heart diseases and congenital heart diseases, liver diseases and patients with acute kidney injury on chronic kidney disease.

Results: 88 male and 59 female patients were included. The mean duration of CKD was 7.02±1.60 years. 94(63.9%) study subjects were observed with left ventricular hypertrophy. A significant association of LVH was observed with gender and CKD Stages.

Conclusion: LVH can be easily diagnosed and assessed by M-mode or 2D echocardiography. The prevalence was high (60.5%) in stage 3–5 CKD patients.
Gamification Design for Waste Problems in Public Space Case Study: Gajah Tunggal Park, Tangerang
Authors: Mahatmi Nadia , Iranti RR.  Mega
Published: October 2021

Waste is a problem that is always faced in every major city in Indonesia. Tangerang is one of the big cities in Indonesia that also faces problems with garbage. Even though every public space in Tangerang has provided trash bins, the level of community participation in disposing of garbage in its place is still low. To increase community participation, gamification can be used. However, before the gamification is designed, it has to first know the intrinsic motivation of people wanting to dispose of garbage in its proper place so that the gamification design is effective.
Targeting mitochondrial respiration and the BCL2 family in high‐grade MYC‐associated B‐cell lymphoma
Authors: Donati Giulio , Ravà Micol , Filipuzzi Marco , Nicoli Paola , Cassina Laura , Verrecchia Alessandro , Doni Mirko , Rodighiero Simona , Parodi Federica , Boletta Alessandra , Vellano Christopher P. , Marszalek Joseph R. , Draetta Giulio F. , Amati Bruno
Published: October 2021

Multiple molecular features, such as activation of specific oncogenes (e.g., MYC, BCL2) or a variety of gene expression signatures, have been associated with disease course in diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma (DLBCL), although their relationships and implications for targeted therapy remain to be fully unraveled. We report that MYC activity is closely correlated with—and most likely a driver of—gene signatures related to oxidative phosphorylation (OxPhos) in DLBCL, pointing to OxPhos enzymes, in particular mitochondrial electron transport chain (ETC) complexes, as possible therapeutic targets in high‐grade MYC‐associated lymphomas. In our experiments, indeed, MYC sensitized B cells to the ETC complex I inhibitor IACS‐010759. Mechanistically, IACS‐010759 triggered the integrated stress response (ISR) pathway, driven by the transcription factors ATF4 and CHOP, which engaged the intrinsic apoptosis pathway and lowered the apoptotic threshold in MYC‐overexpressing cells. In line with these findings, the BCL2‐inhibitory compound venetoclax synergized with IACS‐010759 against double‐hit lymphoma (DHL), a high‐grade malignancy with concurrent activation of MYC and BCL2. In BCL2‐negative lymphoma cells, instead, killing by IACS‐010759 was potentiated by the Mcl‐1 inhibitor S63845. Thus, combining an OxPhos inhibitor with select BH3‐mimetic drugs provides a novel therapeutic principle against aggressive, MYC‐associated DLBCL variants.
Quinoxaline‐Based D–A Copolymers for the Applications as Polymer Donor and Hole Transport Material in Polymer/Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Sun Chenkai , Zhu Can , Meng Lei , Li Yongfang
Published: October 2021

Polymer solar cells (PSCs) have achieved great progress recently, benefiting from the rapid development of narrow bandgap small molecule acceptors and wide bandgap conjugated polymer donors. Among the polymer donors, the D–A copolymers with quinoxaline (Qx) as A‐unit have received increasing attention since the report of the low‐cost and high‐performance D–A copolymer donor based on thiophene D‐unit and difluoro‐quinoxalline A‐unit in 2018. In addition, the weak electron‐deficient characteristic and the multiple substitution positions of the Qx unit make it an ideal A‐unit in constructing the wide bandgap polymer donors with different functional substitutions. In this review article, recent developments of the Qx‐based D–A copolymer donors, including synthetic method of the Qx unit, backbone modulation, side chain optimization, and functional substitution of the Qx‐based D–A copolymers, are summarized and discussed. Furthermore, the application of the Qx‐based D–A copolymers as hole transport material in perovskite solar cells (pero‐SCs) is also introduced. The focus mainly on the molecular design strategies and structure–properties relationship of the Qx‐based D–A copolymers, aiming to provide a guideline for developing high‐performance Qx‐based D–A copolymers for the applications as donor in PSCs and as hole transport material in pero‐SCs.
A Bioinspired Adhesive‐Integrated‐Agent Strategy for Constructing Robust Gas‐Sensing Arrays
Authors: Wang Zhao , Jiang Xiangyu , Huang Kang , Ning Lu , Zhang Jianqi , Zhang Feilong , Yang Jiangong , Wu Yuchen , Chen Xiaodong , Yi Yuanping , Shi Xinghua , Chen Yong , Wang Shutao
Published: October 2021

Gas sensors based on organic molecules are attractive for their tailored molecular structures and controllable functions, but weak interfacial adhesion between sensing materials and supporting substrates has severely hampered their practical applications, particularly in harsh environments. Here, inspired by the combined anchoring‐recognizing feature of natural olfactory systems, an adhesive‐integrated‐agent strategy to integrate the adhesive unit (poly(dimethylsiloxane)) with the sensing unit (organoplatinum(II)) into one chemistry entity, creating robust and sensitive nanobelt array gas sensors is demonstrated. Systematic theoretical and experimental studies reveal that incorporating adhesive units significantly enhances the interfacial adhesion of the array sensors and gas‐bridged super‐exchange electronic couplings of sensing units ensure their efficient gas‐sensing performance. The high shear strength of ≈7.05 × 106 N m−2 allows these arrays to resist aggressive ultrasonication, tape peeling, or repeated bending without compromising their sensing performance. This molecular engineering strategy opens a new guideline to develop robust gas sensors.
Tunable Graphene/Quantum‐Dot Van der Waals Heterostructures’ Saturable Absorber Plane Arrays by Two‐Step Femtosecond and Nanosecond Laser Postprocessing
Authors: Jiang Cheng , Wang Xu , Wang Hongpei , Wang Shun , Qin Liang , Liu Jian , Zhang Ziyang
Published: October 2021

Van der Waals heterostructures (vdWHs) based on graphene/III−V semiconductors have attracted considerable interest. Although diverse proof‐of‐concepts are demonstrated, it is a challenge to make a tunable array device using such vdWHs that severely limit its practical applications. Herein, a controllable and reliable two‐step femtosecond (fs) and nanosecond (ns) pulsed laser postprocessing method to enhance the material quality is described–especially the nonlinear optical (NLO) characteristics of such vdWHs, the significantly improved light absorption capability, and the obviously reduced saturable fluence (SF) are simultaneously obtained compared with the as‐grown device, allowing to construct a stable and high‐performance ultrafast fiber laser. In addition, benefiting from the unique selective‐area annealing nature of laser postprocessing, a saturable absorber (SA) plane array device by the same original vdWHs but under various fs and ns laser annealing treatments is realized, exhibiting large tuning ranges of modulation depth (from 1.6 to 11.2%) and SF (from 13.7 to 1.1 MW cm−2), paving a new way to fabricate an array device using vdWHs.
Silver Nanowires with Ultrabroadband Plasmon Response for Ultrashort Pulse Fiber Lasers
Authors: Lv Changjian , Luo Hongyu , Cui Linghao , Zhang Tianqi , Jia Zhixu , Li Jianfeng , Qin Weiping , Qin Guanshi
Published: October 2021

Broadband and ultrafast response of plasmonic nanoparticles offer a significant advantage in optical modulation and allow ultrashort pulse generation from visible to mid‐infrared (MIR) region. However, many of the materials exhibit limited saturable absorption bandwidth in MIR spectral region, which limits the MIR pulses generation and the relative applications. Herein, it is shown that solution‐processed silver nanowires (AgNWs) exhibit an ultrabroadband localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) from 0.3 to over 25 μm, which contributes to wideband nonlinear optical response in the whole MIR region. Using those AgNWs as saturable absorbers (SA), all‐optical modulation in near infrared and MIR region is demonstrated. Mode‐locked lasers are realized at 1, 1.5, and 2 μm bands with minimal pulse duration down to a few hundreds of femtoseconds, and a Q‐switched laser at 3 μm band is achieved. The results show that AgNWs SA has the potential for constructing pulsed lasers in the MIR or even longer wavelength region.
Interband and Surface‐Influenced Photophysical Processes in CH3NH3PbBr3 Perovskites
Authors: Cao Lu , Wang Jie , Rao Jia-Rui , Ma Guang-Zhe , Gao Min , Shi Dong
Published: October 2021

Metal halide perovskites (MHPs) are attracting ever‐growing interest across diverse optoelectronic subdisciplines. Yet, the physical mechanism underlying photoexcitation and subsequent photocarrier dynamics remains poorly understood, due to the apparent spectroscopic diversities observed for any certain MHP. Here, diverse spectroscopic characteristics, including static spectral line‐shapes and time‐resolved photoluminescence (TRPL) traces shown by polycrystalline versus single‐crystalline CH3NH3PbBr3 perovskites, are restudied. Key photophysical merits, including exciton binding energy (EB), Sommerfeld factor (ξ), and Urbach energy (EU) that account for the diversities, are discussed within the established framework of semiconductor optics. The value of ξ, which increases with EB, determines how much the interband absorption is enhanced beyond that expected for free carriers. The intrinsic band‐edge luminescence is identified, with its asymmetric spectral line‐shape linked to EU via the van Roosbroeck–Shockley relation. Excited phase evolution, accompanied by rapid electron–hole (e–h) pairs dissociation and subsequent occurrence of e–h plasma, is indicated by the two‐stage TRPL traces that are only observable for high‐quality single crystals. With all the spectroscopic analysis and interpretations rooted in the established semiconductor optical theorems, the mechanistic merits revealed in this study are informative for plausible identification between the interband and excitonic photophysical processes of MHPs.
Construction of a Clock Catalytic System: Highly Efficient and Self‐Indicating Synthesis of Benzoheterocycles at Ambient Temperature
Authors: Xiong Wu‐Lin , Peng Xiao‐Chong , Zhong Ren‐Yuan , Zheng Jianwei , Duo Shuwang , Gong Shan‐Shan , Sun Hong‐bin , Sun Qi
Published: October 2021

Inspired by the mechanism of the clock reaction, we rationally constructed a novel phosphomolybdenum blue (PMB) clock catalytic system for a highly efficient synthesis of benzimidazoles and benzothiazoles simply at ambient temperature. The current PMB clock catalytic system exhibits a sharp decoloration event to announce the depletion of the intermediateconstraint, making this synthetic approach self‐indicating and TLC‐free.31P NMR and XPS analysis of PMBcatalyst showed that only two Mo6+ atoms are reduced to Mo5+ atoms in the Keggin structure due to the moderate reducibility of benzimidazoline and benzothiazoline intermediates. Thus,the active Keggin‐type POM cluster could be well maintained in DMSO during the redox cycling of phosphomolybdic acid (PMA) and PMB. 1H NMR tracing experiment not only confirmed the proposed reaction mechanism but also showed that PMB exerts Lewis acid catalytic activityat the early phase of the reaction other than the expected redox catalytic activity.
Transition Metal‐Mediated Functionalization of Isoxazoles: A Review
Authors: Madhavan Suchithra , Keshri Santosh Kumar , Kapur Manmohan
Published: October 2021

Isoxazoles are an important class of heterocycles with nitrogen and oxygen in a 1,2‐relationship. They find wide applications in synthetic organic chemistry and are part of several drug molecules. Since the last two decades, great progress has been achieved in the synthesis and functionalization of isoxazoles, in which transition metal catalysis played a pivotal role towards achieving this goal. In particular, the transition metal (TM)‐mediated site‐selective functionalizations of isoxazoles which retain the pharmacologically and synthetically valuable isoxazole skeleton, are highly appealing. This comprehensive review is solely dedicated to the TM‐mediated functionalization of isoxazoles, wherein we have included isoxazoles as directing groups (DG) for TM‐catalyzed C−H functionalization reactions, TM‐catalyzed direct C−H functionalization, along with cross‐coupling reactions of isoxazoles, TM‐catalyzed annulation reactions of isoxazoles and finally ring‐opening reactions of isoxazoles under TM‐catalysis are also discussed. Also, incorporated are discussions on reaction designs, their advantages and limitations, mechanistic details and challenges that need to be addressed to inspire synthetic organic and medicinal chemists to explore new reaction arenas and make use of this key scaffold.
Porous Microneedle Patch for Electroosmosis‐Promoted Transdermal Delivery of Drugs and Vaccines
Authors: Abe Hiroya , Sato Kaito , Kimura Natsumi , Kusama Shinya , Inoue Daisuke , Yamasaki Kenshi , Nishizawa Matsuhiko
Published: October 2021

A charged porous microneedle (PMN) generates the electroosmotic flow (EOF) and promotes the through‐needle transport of molecules and particles, indicating its applicability for the EOF‐based low‐invasive transdermal delivery of drugs and vaccines. The negatively charged PMN is prepared by grafting a thin film of poly (2‐acrylamido‐2‐methylpropanesulfonic acid) (PAMPS) onto the inner wall of the microchannels of the polyglycidyl methacrylate PMN. Promoted transport from anode to cathode is observed for albumin, Au nanoparticles (15, 50 nm), and silica beads (100 nm), indicating the generation of an EOF strong enough to transport these negatively charged larger size species against their electrophoretic motion. A model antigen ovalbumin (OVA) is preloaded in the PMN, and is injected to a hydrogel and a pig skin with a higher efficiency (more than 2 times) than the conventional diffusion‐based passive release. These results successfully demonstrate the novel EOF‐based effective injection of drugs and vaccines into the skin, achieved by the newly developed charged PMN.
Layer‐by‐Layer Growth of Preferred‐Oriented MOF Thin Film on Nanowire Array for High‐Performance Chemiresistive Sensing
Authors: Lin Yuan , Li Wen‐Hua , Wen Yingyi , Wang Guan‐E , Ye Xiao‐Liang , Xu Gang
Published: October 2021

High‐quality MOF thin films with high orientation and controlled thickness are extremely desired for applications. However, they have been only successfully fabricated on flat substrates. Those MOF 2D thin films are limited by low exposed area and slow mass transport. To overcome these issues, MOF 3D thin films with good crystallinity, preferred orientation, and precisely controllable thickness in nanoscale were successfully prepared in a controllable layer‐by‐layer manner on nanowire array substrate for the first time. The as‐prepared Cu‐HHTP 3D thin film is superior to corresponding 2D thin films and showed one of the highest sensitivity, lowest LOD, and fastest response among all reported chemiresistive NH3 sensing materials at RT. This work provides a feasible approach to grow preferred‐oriented 3D MOF thin film, offering new perspectives for constructing MOF‐based heterostructures for advanced applications.
Optimierte Synthese von in Lösung verarbeitbarem kristallinem Poly(triazinimid) mit minimalen Defekten für OLED‐Anwendungen
Authors: Burmeister David , Tran Ha Anh , Müller Johannes , Guerrini Michele , Cocchi Caterina , Plaickner Julian , Kochovski Zdravko , List‐Kratochvil Emil J. W. , Bojdys Michael J.
Published: October 2021

Poly(triazinimid) (PTI) ist ein hochkristalliner organischer Halbleiter. Obwohl es keine Techniken gibt, die die Synthese makroskopischer Monolagen von PTI ermöglichen, ist es möglich, das kristalline Pulver in Dünnfilme zu verarbeiten und über die Eigenschaften des polykristallinen Materials zu lernen. Wir fanden, dass das Nebenprodukt der herkömmlichen PTI‐Synthese eine kohlenstoffreiche C‐C‐Phase ist, die für den Ladungstransport und die Photolumineszenz von Nachteil ist. Eine optimierte Synthese führt zu einem PTI‐Material mit erhöhter Quantenausbeute, Photostrom und Elektrolumineszenz. Die Protonierung der PTI‐Struktur erfolgt bevorzugt an den Pyridin‐N‐Atomen der Triazin‐Ringe und geht womöglich mit einer Exfolierung der PTI‐Schichten einher, was sich durch die Erhöhung der Quantenausbeute und der Exzitonenlebensdauer zeigt. Struktur‐Eigenschafts‐Beziehungen in PTI werden beschrieben, die die Art der Defekte, ihre Bildung und ihre Vermeidung mit der optischen und elektronischen Leistung von PTI verbinden. Auf der Grundlage unserer Erkenntnisse präparieren wir eine OLED mit PTI als aktivem, metallfreiem Material.
Anatomy of the digestive system of lumpfish (Cyclopterus lumpus) as an adaptation to puffing behavior
Authors: Zhukova Kristina , Stroganov Andrey Nikolaevich
Published: October 2021

The first description of the histology of the digestive tract of the lumpfish Cyclopterus lumpus showed an adaptation for collecting and storing water. The morphology of this species' tract is mostly typical of carnivorous fishes, having a sac‐like stomach for storage and a relatively short intestine of approximately 1.2× the standard body length. The esophagus is relatively short (0.13× standard body length) and thick‐walled; it has a thick muscular coat, and its thickness changes from 0.4 to 1 mm during contraction. The stomach has well‐developed gastric glands and is divided into the histologically distinguishable cardiac, fundus, and pyloric parts. The intestine has the same structure throughout its entire length. The water‐holding ability of lumpfish is provided by well‐developed muscles in the esophagus and stomach distensibility, which differs morphologically from the method used by Tetradontidae and Diodontidae species, who store water in the caudal part of the esophagus. The morphology of the digestive tract proved that this species is an intermediate between Tetradontidae and Diodontidae, which could inflate their bodies by swallowing certain amounts of water, and other fishes which are not able to do so. Results of the work extend current knowledge on the morphological capability of the digestive system of teleost fish, providing water‐blowing behavior.
Synthesis of 4‐dimethylaminobenzyl chrysin ester‐Zn fluorescent chemical sensor for the determination of Cr(VI) in water
Authors: Zhao Haonan , Zhang Junfeng , Lin Xiaolian , Li Huihui , Pan Qinhe
Published: October 2021

Cr(VI) is a type of dangerous effluent that has caused great harm to human health and the environment. Recognition and perception of Cr(VI) by artificial receptors has attracted extensive attention. A novel fluorescent chemical sensor based on the 5,7‐dihydroxyflavone skeleton was designed and synthesized for the selective recognition of Cr(VI). As confirmed by fluorescence technology, the fluorescent probe 4‐dimethylaminobenzyl chrysin ester–Zn (DBC–Zn) showed high sensitivity and selectivity for dichromate and a fast response (less than 30 sec) recognition. The fluorescence intensity of DBC–Zn varies linearly with the concentration of Cr(VI) in the range 0.1–1 μM. The detection limit of Cr2O72− by DBC–Zn is 2.3 nM, which is far lower than the national safe drinking water standard stipulated by the US Environmental Protection Agency (1.9 μM). The quenching mechanism of the probe can be attributed to the interaction of the dynamic quenching effect and the fluorescence internal filtration effect. In addition, the probe has good stability in both neutral and alkaline environments, and the accuracy of quantitative analysis of Cr2O72− in lake water or tap water is more than 80%. The test paper based on DBC–Zn can effectively detect Cr2O72− at the concentration of 100 ppb. This shows that the probe has a certain practical application value.
Coupling picodroplet microfluidics with plate imaging for the rapid creation of biomanufacturing suitable cell lines with high probability and improved multi‐step assurance of monoclonality
Authors: Pybus Leon P. , Kalsi Devika , Matthews Joe T. , Hawke Ellie , Barber Nicholas , Richer Rachel , Young Alison , Saunders Fay L.
Published: October 2021

Background

There is an expectation from regulatory agencies that cell lines used in the commercial production of biopharmaceuticals are derived from a single cell progenitor. Traditional methods of single cell cloning include the use of the limiting dilution cloning method which often requires multiple rounds of low cell density cell plating and either microscopic evaluation that wells contain single cells and/or the calculation of a statistically derived probability of monoclonality.

Methods and Results

We have combined the single cell screening, deposition and picodroplet imaging ability of Sphere Fluidics’ Cyto‐Mine technology with the plate imaging capability of the Solentim Cell Metric to create a novel workflow for the generation of high producing clonal cell lines with both high probability and assurance of monoclonality. The efficiency of three key stages of the process (single cell picodroplet encapsulation, single picodroplet dispensation and single cell settling in the focal plane of the plate imager) was determined and a probability calculation was derived using the Wilson Score Interval method. The combined probability that a single cell is encapsulated into a picodroplet, is deposited into the correct well of a 96‐well plate and that a cell settles into the focal plane of the plate imager yields a combined > 99% probability of monoclonality. Furthermore, visual verification of a single cell progenitor is obtained at multiple steps throughout the cloning workflow.

Conclusion

This novel methodology for the rapid creation of high quality clonal cell lines for biomanufacturing purposes has many advantages over more traditional approaches including improved assurance of single cell derivation, integrated imaging capability, assay flexibility, equipment utilization time and in‐process cell line segregation.
Engineering Escherichia coli for anaerobic alkane activation: Biosynthesis of (1‐methylalkyl)succinates
Authors: Wang Yixi , Nguyen Nam , Lee Seung H. , Wang Qinxuan , May Jeremy A. , Gonzalez Ramon , Cirino Patrick C.
Published: October 2021

In anoxic environments, microbial activation of alkanes for subsequent metabolism occurs most commonly through the addition of fumarate to a subterminal carbon, producing an alkylsuccinate. Alkylsuccinate synthases are complex, multi‐subunit enzymes that utilize a catalytic glycyl radical and require a partner, activating enzyme for hydrogen abstraction. While many genes encoding putative alkylsuccinate synthases have been identified, primarily from nitrate‐ and sulfate‐reducing bacteria, few have been characterized and none have been reported to be functionally expressed in a heterologous host. Here, we describe the functional expression of the (1‐methylalkyl)succinate synthase (Mas) system from Azoarcus sp. strain HxN1 in recombinant Escherichia coli. Mass spectrometry confirms anaerobic biosynthesis of the expected products of fumarate addition to hexane, butane, and propane. Maximum production of (1‐methylpentyl)succinate is observed when masC, masD, masE, masB, and masG are all present on the expression plasmid; omitting masC reduces production by 66% while omitting any other gene eliminates production. Meanwhile, deleting iscR (encoding the repressor of the E. coli iron–sulfur cluster operon) improves product titer, as does performing the biotransformation at reduced temperature (18°C), both suggesting alkylsuccinate biosynthesis is largely limited by functional expression of this enzyme system.
A Cost‐Effective Iron Based Covalent Organic Framework and Its Composite Electrocatalyst for Active and Stable Oxygen Reduction Reaction in Alkaline Solution
Authors: Liu Muye , Wen Yue , Lu Luhua , Kang Qi , Xie Zhicheng , Chen Ying , Tian Xiaocong , Jin Hongyun , Liu Jinghai
Published: October 2021

Earth‐abundant non‐precious‐metal‐based materials are promising candidates for low‐cost oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) catalysts. Within those elements, iron is the cheapest given the abundant resources. However, there are few iron‐based ORR catalysts given the difficulty of achieving good electrocatalytic activity and stability with them in comparison to cobalt‐ and nickel‐based catalysts. Moreover, the synthesis of iron‐based ORR catalysts is energy intense and normally requires complicated processes. This work reports an iron‐based covalent organic framework (COF) synthesized through a one‐step low‐temperature solid reaction, which is cost effective and energy saving. The iron‐based COF, named IPPc, shows a high four‐electron‐transfer reaction selectivity. After compositing it with reduced graphene oxide, the resulting composite preserves the high electron‐transfer reaction selectivity and displays a largely enhanced activity and stability.
Temperature‐Controlled Electrospray Ionization: Recent Progress and Applications
Authors: Alexander Harrison Julian , Pruška Adam , Oganesyan Irina , Bittner Philipp , Zenobi Renato
Published: October 2021

Native electrospray ionization (ESI) and nanoelectrospray ionization (nESI) allow researchers to analyze intact biomolecules and their complexes by mass spectrometry (MS). The data acquired using these soft ionization techniques provide a snapshot of a given biomolecules structure in solution. Over the last thirty years, several nESI and ESI sources capable of controlling spray solution temperature have been developed. These sources can be used to elucidate the thermodynamics of a given analyte, as well as provide structural information that cannot be readily obtained by other, more commonly used techniques. This review highlights how the field of temperature‐controlled mass spectrometry has developed.
On the Hydrogen Oxalate Binding Motifs onto Dinuclear Cu and Ag Metal Phosphine Complexes
Authors: Kwasigroch Björn , Khuu Thien , Perez Evan H. , Denton Joanna K. , Schneider Erik K. , Straßner Annika , Theisen Marvin , Kruppa Sebastian V. , Weis Patrick , Kappes Manfred M. , Riehn Christoph , Johnson Mark A. , Niedner‐Schatteburg Gereon
Published: October 2021

We report the binding geometries of the isomers that are formed when the hydrogen oxalate ((CO2)2H=HOx) anion attaches to dinuclear coinage metal phosphine complexes of the form [M1M2dcpm2(HOx)]+ with M=Cu, Ag and dcpm=bis(dicyclohexylphosphino)methane, abbreviated [MM]+. These structures are established by comparison of isomer‐selective experimental vibrational band patterns displayed by the cryogenically cooled and N2‐tagged cations with DFT calculations of the predicted spectra for various local minima. Two isomeric classes are identified that feature either attachment of the carboxylate oxygen atoms to the two metal centers (end‐on docking) or attachment of oxygen atoms on different carbon atoms asymmetrically to the metal ions (side‐on docking). Within each class, there are additional isomeric variations according to the orientation of the OH group. This behavior indicates that HOx undergoes strong and directional coordination to [CuCu]+ but adopts a more flexible coordination to [AgAg]+. Infrared spectra of the bare ions, fragmentation thresholds and ion mobility measurements are reported to explore the behaviors of the complexes at ambient temperature.