bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Raciocínio Clínico no trabalho do enfermeiro: dificuldades, fragilidades e estratégias em unidades de internação hospitalar
Authors: Xavier Daiani Modernel , Vettorello Joice Simionato , Galvão Daniela Menezes , Redü Alberto de Oliveira , Martins Cíntia Fonseca , Cezar-Vaz Marta Regina
Published: September 2022

Objetivo: Conhecer as dificuldades e as facilidades vivenciadas pelo enfermeiro no cuidado ao adulto hospitalizado com doenças crônicas e as estratégias usadas por ele para aplicação do raciocínio clínico em unidades de internação de um hospital universitário. Métodos: Trata-se de uma pesquisa do tipo exploratório-descritiva, com abordagem qualitativa. Participaram do estudo 30 enfermeiros. Foi desenvolvido em um hospital universitário no sul do Brasil. Foi realizado no período de agosto a dezembro de 2018. Resultados: As respostas adquiridas por meio da pesquisa foram separadas em três categorias distintas sendo elas: Facilidades para o raciocínio clínico do enfermeiro no cuidado ao adulto hospitalizado com doença crônica. Já no que tange as dificuldades para o raciocínio clínico do enfermeiro no cuidado ao adulto hospitalizado com doença crônica são subdivididos em fragilidade pessoal, obstáculos institucionais e dificuldades assistenciais, e por fim, as estratégias de raciocínio clínico utilizadas pelo enfermeiro no cuidado ao adulto hospitalizado com doença crônica são elencadas por duas categorias sendo elas aspectos práticos e atualizações. Considerações Finais: No que se refere às facilidades para o raciocínio clínico do enfermeiro, identificaram-se fatores institucionais, pessoais/individuais e interpessoais, quanto às dificuldades para o raciocínio clínico do enfermeiro, identificaram-se fragilidades pessoais como desmotivação e falta de experiencia, obstáculos institucionais como a sobrecarga de tarefas e falta de estrutura e dificuldades assistenciais e relação entre as equipes.
(De)Forming Families: Disability and the Marriage Plot in Dinah Mulock Craik and Charlotte M. Yonge
Authors: Gore Clare Walker
Published: September 2022

This chapter examines a selection of domestic realist novels by Dinah Mulock Craik and Charlotte M. Yonge in which disability is situated at the heart of familial and romantic plotlines. Both authors represent disability as a powerful state which develops the disabled character’s moral qualities, enabling them to exert an uplifting influence upon those around them, and fostering dependent relationships which are depicted as mutually beneficial. For both writers, this becomes a way of validating experiences and qualities coded ‘feminine’. Moreover, the disabled character’s problematic relation to the marriage plot enables these authors to experiment with familial structures which are not based on the marriage bond, and to experiment with alternative narrative possibilities for female characters, without overtly questioning the desirability of marriage. This chapter also demonstrates that attitudes to disability have been inextricably bound up with the reception of domestic fiction, showing how these authors serve as test-cases for understanding the relationship between disability and canon formation.
Ritual in Transfigured Time
Authors: Marcus Greil
Published: September 2022

In this chapter, music and cultural critic Greil Marcus discusses Bruce Conner’s film The White Rose, how it documents the removal of Jay DeFeos painting with the same name from her studio, and Connor’s use of Miles Davis’s music in the film.
From Culture to Religion: Reframing Alevism for Recognition in Germany
Authors: Sökefeld Martin
Published: September 2022

Germany is home to the largest community of Anatolian Alevis outside of Turkey. Alevis migrated to Germany first as laborers and later also as political refugees. In the late 1980s, around the same time as Alevis in Turkey, they started to form their organizations and to demand recognition from their societies. Three decades later, legal recognition has been achieved in Germany. What is interesting is that while the claim for recognition was initially voiced mainly as the demand to acknowledge the Alevi culture, Alevis ended up being recognized in Germany as a religious community. The most significant symbol of recognition as a religious community is obtaining the right to teach Alevi religious classes in schools. Employing the concepts of “opportunity structures” and “regimes of incorporation,” the chapter analyzes the shift from “culture” to “religion” in a crucial phase of organized Alevism in Germany.
Fabrication and characterization of polycaprolactone/chitosan nanofibers containing antibacterial agents of curcumin and ZnO nanoparticles for use as wound dressing
Authors: Mosallanezhad Pezhman , Nazockdast Hossein , Ahmadi Zahed , Rostami Amir
Published: September 2022

The potential of the nanoscale structure is utilized by electrospun nanofibers, which are promising materials for wound dressings. Here, we prepared wound dressings constituting polycaprolactone (PCL) and chitosan (CS). Curcumin (Cur) and zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO) as antibacterial agents were embedded in PCL/CS electrospun nanofibers and different properties including morphology, physicomechanical, interaction with water, antibacterial efficiency, and in vitro studies were investigated. SEM images confirmed the nanofibrous structure of samples with 100 ± 5 to 212 ± 25 nm in average diameter. Elemental analysis of nanofibers showed a good distribution of ZnO along nanofibers which not only caused decreasing in nanofiber diameter but also increased tensile strength of nanofibers up to 2.9 ± 0.5 MPa and with good elongation at break of 39 ± 2.9. ZnO nanoparticles also facilitated the interaction of nanofibers with water, and this led to the highest water vapor transition rate, which was equal to 0.28 ± 0.02 g cm−2 day−1. The sample containing 3 wt% Cur had the highest water uptake value (367 ± 15%) and the lowest water contact angle (78 ± 3.7°), although Cur has a hydrophobic nature. The release profile of Cur showed a two-stage release and the Peppas model predicted a non-fickian diffusion. Simultaneous incorporation of CS, ZnO, and Cur effectively inhibited bacterial growth. In addition, in vitro studies represented that high content of Cur decreases cell viability and cell attachment. The outcomes from the fabricated nanofibrous scaffolds demonstrated appropriate properties for application as a wound dressing.
Prognostic characteristics of immune subtypes associated with acute myeloid leukemia and their identification in cell subsets based on single-cell sequencing analysis
Authors: Lu Jie , Zheng Guowei , Dong Ani , Chang Xinyu , Cao Xiting , Liu Mengying , Shi Xuezhong , Wang Chunmei , Yang Yongli , Jia Xiaocan
Published: September 2022

Immune genes play an important role in the development and progression of acute myeloid leukemia (AML). However, the role of immune genes in the prognosis and microenvironment of AML remains unclear. In this study, we analyzed 151 AML patients in the TCGA database for relevant immune cell infiltration. AML patients were divided into high and low immune cell infiltration clusters based on ssGSEA results. Immune-related pathways, AML pathways and glucose metabolism pathways were enriched in the high immune cell infiltration cluster. Then we screened the differential immune genes between the two immune cell infiltration clusters. Nine prognostic immune genes were finally identified in the train set by LASSO-Cox regression. We constructed a model in the train set based on the nine prognostic immune genes and validated the predictive capability in the test set. The areas under the ROC curve of the train set and the test set for ROC at 1, 3, 5 years were 0.807, 0.813, 0.815, and 0.731, 0.745, 0.830, respectively. The areas under ROC curve of external validation set in 1, 3, and 5 years were 0.564, 0.619, and 0.614, respectively. People with high risk scores accompanied by high TMB had been detected with the worst prognosis. Single-cell sequencing analysis revealed the expression of prognostic genes in AML cell subsets and pseudo-time analysis described the differentiation trajectory of cell subsets. In conclusion, our results reveal the characteristics of immune microenvironment and cell subsets of AML, while it still needs to be confirmed in larger samples studies. The prognosis model constructed with nine key immune genes can provide a new method to assess the prognosis of AML patients.
High Energy Density and Temperature Stability in PVDF/PMMA via In Situ Polymerization Blending
Authors: Liu Yongbin , Liu Zhengwei , Gao Jinghui , Wu Ming , Lou Xiaojie , Hu Yanhua , Li Yong , Zhong Lisheng
Published: September 2022

Dielectrics with improved energy density have long-standing demand for miniature and lightweight energy storage capacitors for electrical and electronic systems. Recently, polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF)-based ferroelectric polymers have shown attractive energy storage performance, such as high dielectric permittivity and high breakdown strength, and are regarded as one of the most promising candidates. However, the non-negligible energy loss and inferior temperature stability of PVDF-based polymers deteriorated the energy storage performance or even the thermal runaway, which could be ascribed to vulnerable amorphous regions at elevated temperatures. Herein, a new strategy was proposed to achieve high energy density and high temperature stability simultaneously of PVDF/PMMA blends by in situ polymerization. The rigidity of the amorphous region was ideally strengthened by in situ polymerization of methyl methacrylate (MMA) monomers in a PVDF matrix to obtain PVDF/PMMA blends. The atomic force microscopic study of the microstructure of etched films showed the ultra-homogenous distribution of PMMA with high glass transition temperature in the PVDF matrix. Consequently, the temperature variation was remarkably decreased, while the high polarization response was maintained. Accordingly, the high energy density of ∼8 J/cm3 with ∼80% efficiency was achieved between 30 and 90 °C in PVDF/PMMA films with 39–62% PMMA content, outperforming most of the dielectric polymers. Our work could provide a general solution to substantially optimize the temperature stability of dielectric polymers for energy storage applications and other associated functions.
Fibroblast growth factor receptor signaling in cardiomyocytes is protective in the acute phase following ischemia-reperfusion injury
Authors: Matsiukevich Dzmitry , House Stacey L. , Weinheimer Carla , Kovacs Attila , Ornitz David M.
Published: September 2022

Fibroblast growth factor receptors (FGFRs) are expressed in multiple cell types in the adult heart. Previous studies have shown a cardioprotective effect of some FGF ligands in cardiac ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury and a protective role for endothelial FGFRs in post-ischemic vascular remodeling. To determine the direct role FGFR signaling in cardiomyocytes in acute cardiac I/R injury, we inactivated Fgfr1 and Fgfr2 (CM-DCKO) or activated FGFR1 (CM-caFGFR1) in cardiomyocytes in adult mice prior to I/R injury. In the absence of injury, inactivation of Fgfr1 and Fgfr2 in adult cardiomyocytes had no effect on cardiac morphometry or function. When subjected to I/R injury, compared to controls, CM-DCKO mice had significantly increased myocyte death 1 day after reperfusion, and increased infarct size, cardiac dysfunction, and myocyte hypertrophy 7 days after reperfusion. No genotype-dependent effect was observed on post-ischemic cardiomyocyte cross-sectional area and vessel density in areas remote to the infarct. By contrast, transient activation of FGFR1 signaling in cardiomyocytes just prior to the onset of ischemia did not affect outcomes after cardiac I/R injury at 1 day and 7 days after reperfusion. These data demonstrate that endogenous cell-autonomous cardiomyocyte FGFR signaling supports the survival of cardiomyocytes in the acute phase following cardiac I/R injury and that this cardioprotection results in continued improved outcomes during cardiac remodeling. Combined with the established protective role of some FGF ligands and endothelial FGFR signaling in I/R injury, this study supports the development of therapeutic strategies that promote cardiomyocyte FGF signaling after I/R injury.
Non-invasive global myocardial work index as a new surrogate of ventricular-arterial coupling in hypertensive patients with preserved left ventricular ejection fraction
Authors: Duan Qin , Tao Hongmei , Dong Qian , Liao Kangla , Yang Yunjing , Cheng Xiaocheng , Ge Ping
Published: September 2022

Objective

As a new method of left ventricular-arterial coupling (VAC), the non-invasive myocardial work index (MWI) may provide more useful information than the classical methods of arterial elastance/left ventricular (LV) elastance index (the ratio of effective arterial elastance (Ea) over end-systolic elastance [Ea/Ees]). This research aims to investigate if MWI might be better associated with hypertension-mediated organ damage (HMOD) and diastolic dysfunction than Ea/Ees in hypertension.

Methods

We prospectively enrolled 104 hypertensives and 69 normotensives. All subjects had speckle-tracking echocardiography for myocardial work, conventional echocardiography, and brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity (baPWV) measurements. The global work index (GWI) is a myocardial work component. The correlation between GWI and HMOD, as well as diastolic dysfunction, was analyzed. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was utilized for evaluating the GWI predicting efficacy.

Results

The global work index was significantly higher in hypertensives than in normotensives (2,021.69 ± 348.02 vs. 1,757.45 ± 225.86 mmHg%, respectively, p < 0.001). Higher GWI was a risk factor on its own for increased baPWV, pulse pressure (PP), echocardiographic LV hypertrophy (LVH), and left atrial volume index (LAVI) (p = 0.030, p < 0.001, p = 0.018 p = 0.031, respectively), taking into account the sex, age, mean arterial pressure (MAP), body mass index (BMI), and antihypertensive therapy. However, no considerable associations were found between Ea/Ees and HMOD parameters and the diastolic dysfunction markers. The GWI area under the ROC curve for increased PP and baPWV, echocardiographic LVH, and increased LAVI were 0.799, 0.770, 0.674, and 0.679, respectively (p < 0.05).

Conclusions

The global work index but not traditionally echocardiographic-derived Ea/Ees of VAC is independently related to HMOD and diastolic impairment in hypertensives with preserved LV ejection fraction. The GWI may be a potential marker for evaluating the VAC in hypertension.
Application of the distally based sural neurocutaneous flaps in the management of foot and ankle defects in patients with diabetic foot
Authors: Dai Jiezhi , Zhou Yu , Mei Shasha , Chen Hua
Published: September 2022

Background

We report our experience on the use of a distally based sural flap for soft tissue reconstruction of foot and ankle defects in patients with diabetic foot.

Methods

The actual study is a retrospective, open, non-controlled, and clinical study of 25 patients treated with diabetic foot on whom reconstruction with distally based sural neurocutaneous flaps was performed from May 2019 to December 2021.

Results

The mean age was 64.9 years, and there were 15 male and 10 female patients. The mean follow-up was 9.8 months, which ranged from 6 to 12 months. The size of the flaps ranged from 6 × 5 to 15 × 9 cm2. Twenty-two of the 25 flaps survived intact with sufficient blood supply. Two cases had a small superficial necrosis, which was resolved after a change of daily dressing and was heeled eventually. In one case, partial necrosis was observed that was managed with minor revision and the use of split-thickness skin graft.

Conclusions

The distally based sural flap is considered to be useful for reconstruction of foot and ankle defects in patients with diabetic foot.
Zuo-Gui-Wan Aqueous Extract Ameliorates Glucocorticoid-Induced Spinal Osteoporosis of Rats by Regulating let-7f and Autophagy
Authors: Shen Gengyang , Shang Qi , Zhang Zhida , Zhao Wenhua , Chen Honglin , Mijiti Ibrayinjan , Chen Guifeng , Yu Xiang , Yu Fuyong , Zhang Peng , He Jiahui , Zhang Xuelai , Tang Jingjing , Cui Jianchao , Liang De , Zeng Lingfeng , Ren Hui , Jiang Xiaobing
Published: September 2022

Objective

This study proposes to explore the protective effect of Zuo-Gui-Wan (ZGW) aqueous extract on spinal glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis (GIOP) in vivo and in vitro, and the underlying mechanisms of ZGW in GIOP and osteogenic differentiation of bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) were conducted.

Methods

In vivo, SD rats were randomly divided into three groups: control group (CON), dexamethasone (DEXM) group, and ZGW group, which were given vehicle, DEXM injection, and ZGW intragastric administration at the same time. Vertebral bone microarchitecture, biomechanics, histomorphology, serum AKP activity, and the autophagosome of osteoblasts were examined. The mRNA expressions of let-7f, autophagy-associated genes (mTORC1, Beclin-1, ATG12, ATG5, and LC3), Runx2, and CTSK were examined. In vitro, the let-7f overexpression/silencing vector was constructed and transfected to evaluate the osteogenic differentiation of BMSCs. Western blot was employed to detect the expression of autophagy-associated proteins (ULK2, ATG5, ATG12, Beclin-1, LC3).

Results

In vivo, ZGW promoted the bone quantity, quality, and strength; alleviated histological damage; increased the serum AKP activity; and reduced the autophagosome number in osteoblasts. Moreover, ZGW increased the let-7f, mTORC1, and Runx2 mRNA expressions and reduced the Beclin-1, ATG12, ATG5, LC3, and CTSK mRNA expressions. In vitro, bioinformatics prediction and dual luciferase reporter gene assay verified that let-7f targeted the binding to ULK2 and negatively regulated the ULK2 expression. Furthermore, by let-7f overexpression/silencing, ZGW may promote osteoblast differentiation of BMSCs by regulating let-7f and autophagy as evidenced by Western blot (ULK2, ATG5, ATG12, Beclin-1, LC3).

Conclusions

ZGW may ameliorate GC-induced spinal osteoporosis by promoting osteoblast differentiation of BMSCs by activation of let-7f and suppression of autophagy.
The associations between bone mineral density and long-term risks of cardiovascular disease, cancer, and all-cause mortality
Authors: Shi Lin , Yu Xiao , Pang Qingjiang , Chen Xianjun , Wang Chenghao
Published: September 2022

Objective

We aimed to investigate the associations between bone mineral density and long-term risks of cardiovascular disease (CVD), cancer, and all-cause mortality in nationwide survey participants aged 18 and over.

Methods

Using data from the United States National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey III (NHANES III), the associations of bone mineral density (normal bone mass, osteopenia, and osteoporosis) with CVD, cancer, and all-cause mortality were analyzed using the Cox proportional hazards model.

Results

A total of 11,909 adults aged 18 and over were enrolled in this study. Compared with the participants with normal bone mass, those with osteoporosis and osteopenia were more likely to be female, of non-Hispanic white ethnicity, and older. They were also more likely to have lower calcium and vitamin D intakes, a lower body mass index (BMI), lower educational attainment, and lower family incomes. Participants with osteoporosis and osteopenia also engaged in less physical activity and were more likely to have diabetes, high blood pressure, and a history of CVD. After adjusting for confounders, osteopenia and osteoporosis were significantly associated with all-cause mortality, with the hazard ratios (95% confidence intervals) being 1.37 (1.11, 1.68) and 1.06 (0.91, 1.25), respectively, compared with normal bone mass. Age (P for interaction = 0.001) and BMI (P for interaction = 0.002) were found to modify the association between bone mineral density and all-cause mortality.

Conclusions

In a nationally representative cohort, osteoporosis was associated with an increased risk of all-cause mortality, and this association was stronger in participants who were older and had a lower BMI.
Extranuclear effects of thyroid hormones and analogs during development: An old mechanism with emerging roles
Authors: Incerpi Sandra , Gionfra Fabio , De Luca Roberto , Candelotti Elena , De Vito Paolo , Percario Zulema A. , Leone Stefano , Gnocchi Davide , Rossi Miriam , Caruso Francesco , Scapin Sergio , Davis Paul J. , Lin Hung-Yun , Affabris Elisabetta , Pedersen Jens Z.
Published: September 2022

Thyroid hormones, T3(triiodothyronine) and T4(thyroxine), induce a variety of long-term effects on important physiological functions, ranging from development and growth to metabolism regulation, by interacting with specific nuclear or cytosolic receptors. Extranuclear or nongenomic effects of thyroid hormones are mediated by plasma membrane or cytoplasmic receptors, mainly by αvβ3 integrin, and are independent of protein synthesis. A wide variety of nongenomic effects have now been recognized to be elicited through the binding of thyroid hormones to this receptor, which is mainly involved in angiogenesis, as well as in cell cancer proliferation. Several signal transduction pathways are modulated by thyroid hormone binding to αvβ3 integrin: protein kinase C, protein kinase A, Src, or mitogen-activated kinases. Thyroid hormone-activated nongenomic effects are also involved in the regulation of Na+-dependent transport systems, such as glucose uptake, Na+/K+-ATPase, Na+/H+exchanger, and amino acid transport System A. Of note, the modulation of these transport systems is cell-type and developmental stage-dependent. In particular, dysregulation of Na+/K+-ATPase activity is involved in several pathological situations, from viral infection to cancer. Therefore, this transport system represents a promising pharmacological tool in these pathologies.
A novel optimization method for high-penetration electric vehicles integration to electrical distribution network
Authors: Xiaoyan Ji , Tian Wu , Can Wang , Yuli Wang
Published: September 2022

With the implementation of China’s “double carbon” strategy, the usage scale of electric vehicles has grown rapidly. Therefore, how to maintain the ideal voltage and energy curve in the distribution network with high penetration of electric vehicles is a challenging problem. In this paper, the random behaviors of fast charging, ordinary charging and discharging modes of electric vehicles have been analyzed and the mathematical formulation of the algorithm has been presented. Then, the strategy of coordinated charging-discharging stack of electric vehicles is proposed. The improved particle swarm optimization algorithm based on mixed real number and binary vector is used to solve the optimization model. The results of several case studies have also been presented in this paper to show that optimum capacitor switching and transformer tap adjustment solutions can be found to minimize the total operation cost including energy consumption, power quality and reactive power compensation equipment action cost. The paper demonstrates that the impact of high-penetration electric vehicles on the energy and voltage control of the distribution network has been solved. The proposed EV coordinated stacking method can make electric vehicles charge and discharge in an orderly queue, and ensure that the line flow does not exceed the limit. Through the proposed control strategy, the voltage curve is obviously improved, and the cost of the distribution system with large-scale EVs can be effectively reduced.
A centralized local energy storage modular multilevel converter
Authors: Li Ning , Xiao Zihan , Jiang Panyong , An Zhuoer , Li Zhuang , Wang Yelin
Published: September 2022

The energy storage modular multilevel converter (MMC-ES) has been widely studied for its excellent performance in solving the problems of power difference, voltage fluctuation and effective improvement of power quality in the grid caused by the integration of new energy caused by new energy grid connection. Aiming at the problems that energy storage units of the traditional distributed MMC-ES are scattered, inconvenient to assemble and maintain, complex system control, and the traditional centralized MMC-ES has poor capacity selection flexibility, in this paper, a centralized local energy storage modular multilevel converter (MMC-CLES) between the distributed MMC-ES and the centralized MMC-ES is proposed. On the premise of not affecting the advantages of MMC-ES, by reducing the number of energy storage units, the switching loss is reduced, and the problems of complex SOC (state of charge) balance control strategy, large power conversion system loss, the AC side current imbalance caused by the grid connection of new energy sources and high system cost caused by too many energy storage units are solved. Matlab/simulink simulation shows that compared with traditional distributed MMC-ES, MMC-CLES reduces a total of 52 power devices, and under the condition of three-phase voltage unbalance, MMC-CLES effectively suppresses power fluctuations, the SOC balance control and the fast balance of the three-phase current are realized. The unbalance degree of the three-phase current is 8.16%, and the total harmonic distortion rate of the current is 3.11%.
Spatiotemporal mechanism of urban heat island effects on human health—Evidence from Tianjin city of China
Authors: Dai Yifang , Liu Tongtong
Published: September 2022

The increasingly intensifying global warming and urban heat island (UHIs) are seriously damaging the physical and mental health of urban residents. However, the spatiotemporal evolution of how high temperatures affect human health in megacities remains unclear. Therefore, in this study, with Tianjin during 2006–2020 as an example, and based on data from meteorological stations, Landsat remote sensing images, and point of interest big data, this study applied hot- and cold-spot statistics and remote sensing retrieval in numerical modeling and established an appraisal system to assess how and to what extent UHIs affect resident health. The results showed that the overall influence of UHIs on respiratory and cardiovascular diseases and mental health increased to 373 km2 in area and two levels in intensity; the influence was mainly concentrated in the downtown area, with a rising influence level. Owing to the dual-core structure of the city, the influence was distributed along the main traffic lines in Binhai New District, having a strong influence in the area mainly concentrated in the southeastern part. Many cold spots clustered in the central urban area to cool the thermal environment: the cooled area was 6.5 times larger than the area of intense cooling influence. Our study provides a method for identifying health risks in urban spaces, lays a theoretical foundation to improve the planning of urban green space systems, and offers some decision-making guidance for the planning of healthy cities.
An oxidative stress-related prognostic signature for indicating the immune status of oral squamous cell carcinoma and guiding clinical treatment
Authors: Lu Wei , Yin Changwei , Zhang Tianqi , Wu Yihua , Huang Shengyun
Published: September 2022

Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is the eighth most common cancer worldwide and presents high mortality. Oxidative stress, caused by reactive oxygen species accumulation, plays a crucial role in tumorigenesis, cancer progression, and drug resistance. Nevertheless, the specific prognostic and clinical values of oxidative stress-related genes (OSGs) in OSCC remain unclear. Here, we developed an oxidative stress-related prognostic signature according to mRNA expression data from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database and evaluated its connections with the prognosis, clinical features, immune status, immunotherapy, and drug sensitivity of OSCC through a series of bioinformatics analyses. Finally, we filtered out six prognostic OSGs to construct a prognostic signature. On the basis of both TCGA-OSCC and GSE41613 cohorts, the signature was proven to be an independent prognostic factor with high accuracy and was confirmed to be an impactful indicator for predicting the prognosis and immune status of patients with OSCC. Additionally, we found that patients with high-risk scores may obtain greater benefit from immune checkpoint therapy compared to those with low-risk scores, and the risk score presented a close interaction with the tumor microenvironment and chemotherapy sensitivity. The prognostic signature may provide a valid and robust predictive tool that could predict the prognosis and immune status and guide clinicians to develop personalized therapeutic strategies for patients with OSCC.
Impaired expression of serine/arginine protein kinase 2 (SRPK2) affects melanoma progression
Authors: Caetano Mônica Maria Magalhães , Moreira Gabriela Alves , Silva Maria Roméria da , Guimarães Gabriela Rapozo , Santos Leandro de Oliveira , Pacheco Amanda de Ambrósio , Siqueira Raoni Pais , Mendes Flávia Carneiro , Marques Da Silva Eduardo De Almeida , Junior Abelardo Silva , Rangel Fietto Juliana Lopes , Saito Ângela , Boroni Mariana , Bressan Gustavo Costa
Published: September 2022

Melanoma is one of the most aggressive tumors, and its lethality is associated with the ability of malignant cells to migrate and invade surrounding tissues to colonize distant organs and to generate widespread metastasis. The serine/arginine protein kinases 1 and 2 (SRPK1 and SRPK2) are classically related to the control of pre-mRNA splicing through SR protein phosphorylation and have been found overexpressed in many types of cancer, including melanoma. Previously, we have demonstrated that the pharmacological inhibition of SRPKs impairs pulmonary colonization of metastatic melanoma in mice. As the used compounds could target at least both SRPK1 and SRPK2, here we sought to obtain additional clues regarding the involvement of these paralogs in melanoma progression. We analyzed single-cell RNA sequencing data of melanoma patient cohorts and found that SRPK2 expression in melanoma cells is associated with poor prognosis. Consistently, CRISPR-Cas9 genome targeting of SRPK2, but not SRPK1, impaired actin polymerization dynamics as well as the proliferative and invasive capacity of B16F10 cells in vitro. In further in vivo experiments, genetic targeting of SRPK2, but not SRPK1, reduced tumor progression in both subcutaneous and caudal vein melanoma induction models. Taken together, these findings suggest different functional roles for SRPK1/2 in metastatic melanoma and highlight the relevance of pursuing selective pharmacological inhibitors of SRPK2.
The α-Gal mammalian meat allergy as a cause of isolated gastrointestinal symptoms
Authors: Richards Nathan E. , Makin Tom A. , Smith Anna R. , Platts-Mills Thomas A. E. , Richards Robert D. , Wilson Jeffrey M.
Published: September 2022

The α-Gal mammalian meat allergy classically presents with urticaria, with or without gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms or anaphylaxis, but increasingly we are aware of patients with only GI symptoms. Here we describe patients presenting with isolated GI symptoms who had detectable IgE antibodies to α-Gal and reported symptom improvement on a mammal-restricted diet. Forty patients in the practice of a single gastroenterologist, and 35 patients in one allergy clinic were identified, with abdominal pain, diarrhea, and nausea the most common symptoms. Alpha-Gal IgE levels were lower than in a previously described cohort of patients who exhibited classic allergic reactions. This large case series suggests that α-Gal IgE is an important contributor to GI morbidity in areas where lone star tick bites are common. Symptom presentations in GI-AGS can be easily confused with other common GI conditions, and α-Gal IgE levels are often lower than those in patients with classic AGS.
Extracellular vesicles: A new diagnostic biomarker and targeted drug in osteosarcoma
Authors: Gao Xiaozhuo , Gao Bo , Li Shenglong
Published: September 2022

Osteosarcoma (OS) is a primary bone cancer that is highly prevalent among adolescents and adults below the age of 20 years. The prognostic outcome of metastatic OS or relapse is extremely poor; thus, developing new diagnostic and therapeutic strategies for treating OS is necessary. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) ranging from 30–150 nm in diameter are commonly produced in different cells and are found in various types of body fluids. EVs are rich in biologically active components like proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids. They also strongly affect pathophysiological processes by modulating the intercellular signaling pathways and the exchange of biomolecules. Many studies have found that EVs influence the occurrence, development, and metastasis of osteosarcoma. The regulation of inflammatory communication pathways by EVs affects OS and other bone-related pathological conditions, such as osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis. In this study, we reviewed the latest findings related to diagnosis, prognosis prediction, and the development of treatment strategies for OS from the perspective of EVs.
Novel brain PET imaging agents: Strategies for imaging neuroinflammation in Alzheimer’s disease and mild cognitive impairment
Authors: Huang Jie
Published: September 2022

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a devastating neurodegenerative disease with a concealed onset and continuous deterioration. Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) is the prodromal stage of AD. Molecule-based imaging with positron emission tomography (PET) is critical in tracking pathophysiological changes among AD and MCI patients. PET with novel targets is a promising approach for diagnostic imaging, particularly in AD patients. Our present review overviews the current status and applications of in vivo molecular imaging toward neuroinflammation. Although radiotracers can remarkably diagnose AD and MCI patients, a variety of limitations prevent the recommendation of a single technique. Recent studies examining neuroinflammation PET imaging suggest an alternative approach to evaluate disease progression. This review concludes that PET imaging towards neuroinflammation is considered a promising approach to deciphering the enigma of the pathophysiological process of AD and MCI.
Vitamin D, exercise, and immune health in athletes: A narrative review
Authors: Crescioli Clara
Published: September 2022

Vitamin D exerts important extra-skeletal effects, exhibiting an exquisite immune regulatory ability, affecting both innate and adaptive immune responses through the modulation of immunocyte function and signaling. Remarkably, the immune function of working skeletal muscle, which is fully recognized to behave as a secretory organ with immune capacity, is under the tight control of vitamin D as well. Vitamin D status, meaning hormone sufficiency or insufficiency, can push toward strengthening/stabilization or decline of immune surveillance, with important consequences for health. This aspect is particularly relevant when considering the athletic population: while exercising is, nowadays, the recommended approach to maintain health and counteract inflammatory processes, “too much” exercise, often experienced by athletes, can increase inflammation, decrease immune surveillance, and expose them to a higher risk of diseases. When overexercise intersects with hypovitaminosis D, the overall effects on the immune system might converge into immune depression and higher vulnerability to diseases. This paper aims to provide an overview of how vitamin D shapes human immune responses, acting on the immune system and skeletal muscle cells; some aspects of exercise-related immune modifications are addressed, focusing on athletes. The crossroad where vitamin D and exercise meet can profile whole-body immune response and health.
Cuproptosis depicts tumor microenvironment phenotypes and predicts precision immunotherapy and prognosis in bladder carcinoma
Authors: Li Huihuang , Zu Xiongbing , Hu Jiao , Xiao Zicheng , Cai Zhiyong , Gao Ning , Chen Jinbo
Published: September 2022

Background

Though immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) exhibit durable efficacy in bladder carcinomas (BLCAs), there are still a large portion of patients insensitive to ICIs treatment.

Methods

We systematically evaluated the cuproptosis patterns in BLCA patients based on 46 cuproptosis related genes and correlated these cuproptosis patterns with tumor microenvironment (TME) phenotypes and immunotherapy efficacies. Then, for individual patient’s evaluation, we constructed a cuproptosis risk score (CRS) for prognosis and a cuproptosis signature for precise TME phenotypes and immunotherapy efficacies predicting.

Results

Two distinct cuproptosis patterns were generated. These two patterns were consistent with inflamed and noninflamed TME phenotypes and had potential role for predicting immunotherapy efficacies. We constructed a CRS for predicting individual patient’s prognosis with high accuracy in TCGA-BLCA. Importantly, this CRS could be well validated in external cohorts including GSE32894 and GSE13507. Then, we developed a cuproptosis signature and found it was significantly negative correlated with tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) both in TCGA-BLCA and Xiangya cohorts. Moreover, we revealed that patients in the high cuproptosis signature group represented a noninflamed TME phenotype on the single cell level. As expected, patients in the high cuproptosis signature group showed less sensitive to immunotherapy. Finally, we found that the high and low cuproptosis signature groups were consistent with luminal and basal subtypes of BLCA respectively, which validated the role of signature in TME in terms of molecular subtypes.

Conclusions

Cuproptosis patterns depict different TME phenotypes in BLCA. Our CRS and cuproptosis signature have potential role for predicting prognosis and immunotherapy efficacy, which might guide precise medicine.
Single-nucleus RNA sequencing reveals the shared mechanisms inducing cognitive impairment between COVID-19 and Alzheimer’s disease
Authors: Fu Yifan , Guo Zhirong , Wang Yulin , Zhang Haonan , Zhang Feifan , Xu Zihao , Shen Xin , Roppongi Reiko T. , Mo Shaocong , Gu Wenchao , Nakajima Takahito , Tsushima Yoshito
Published: September 2022

Alzheimer’s disease (AD)-like cognitive impairment, a kind of Neuro-COVID syndrome, is a reported complication of SARS-CoV-2 infection. However, the specific mechanisms remain largely unknown. Here, we integrated single-nucleus RNA-sequencing data to explore the potential shared genes and pathways that may lead to cognitive dysfunction in AD and COVID-19. We also constructed ingenuity AD-high-risk scores based on AD-high-risk genes from transcriptomic, proteomic, and Genome-Wide Association Studies (GWAS) data to identify disease-associated cell subtypes and potential targets in COVID-19 patients. We demonstrated that the primary disturbed cell populations were astrocytes and neurons between the above two dis-eases that exhibit cognitive impairment. We identified significant relationships between COVID-19 and AD involving synaptic dysfunction, neuronal damage, and neuroinflammation. Our findings may provide new insight for future studies to identify novel targets for preventive and therapeutic interventions in COVID-19 patients.
Comprehensive analyses of a tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes-related gene signature regarding the prognosis and immunologic features for immunotherapy in bladder cancer on the basis of WGCNA
Authors: He Zexi , Gu Jun , Luan Ting , Li Haihao , Li Charles , Chen Zhenjie , Luo Enxiu , Wang Jiansong , Huang Yinglong , Ding Mingxia
Published: September 2022

Tumor-infiltrating lymphocyte (TIL) is a class of cells with important immune functions and plays a crucial role in bladder cancer (BCa). Several studies have shown the clinical significance of TIL in predicting the prognosis and immunotherapy efficacy. TIL-related gene module was screened utilizing weighted gene coexpression network analysis. We screened eight TIL-related genes utilizing univariate Cox regression analysis, least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) Cox regression analysis, and multivariate Cox regression analysis. Then, we established a TIL-related signature model containing the eight selected genes and subsequently classified all patients into two groups, that is, the high-risk as well as low-risk groups. Gene mutation status, prognosis, immune cell infiltration, immune subtypes, TME, clinical features, and immunotherapy response were assessed among different risk subgroups. The results affirmed that the TIL-related signature model was a reliable predictor of overall survival (OS) for BCa and was determined as an independent risk factor for BCa patients in two cohorts. Moreover, the risk score was substantially linked to age, tumor staging, TNM stage, and pathological grade. And there were different mutational profiles, biological pathways, immune scores, stromal scores, and immune cell infiltration in the tumor microenvironment (TME) between the two risk groups. In particular, immune checkpoint genes’ expression was remarkably different between the two risk groups, with patients belonging to the low-risk group responding better to immune checkpoint inhibition (ICI) therapy. In conclusion, our study demonstrates that the TIL-related model was a reliable signature in anticipating prognosis, immune status, and immunotherapy response, which can help in screening patients who respond to immunotherapy.
Evaluation of anifrolumab safety in systemic lupus erythematosus: A meta-analysis and systematic review
Authors: Liu Zhihui , Cheng Ruijuan , Liu Yi
Published: September 2022

Objectives

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a chronic autoimmune disease, and type I interferon plays an important role in its pathogenesis. Anifrolumab is a new strategy for the treatment of systemic lupus erythematosus. It could antagonize the activity of all type 1 interferons by binding with type I interferon receptor subunit 1. The aim of our study was to evaluate the safety of anifrolumab in patients with moderate to severe SLE (excluding patients with active severe lupus nephritis or central nervous system lupus).

Methods

Four databases (Embase, Cochrane, PubMed, Web of Science) were systematically searched from inception until December 2021 for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) evaluating the safety of anifrolumab versus placebo in SLE patients. Then, the incidence of adverse events in each study was aggregated using meta-analysis.

Results

A total of 1160 SLE patients from four RCTs were included in the analysis. Serious adverse events were less common in the anifrolumab group than in the placebo group (RR: 0.76, 95% CI: 0.59-0.98, p<0.03). The most common adverse events included upper respiratory tract infection (RR: 1.48, 95% CI: 1.13-1.94, P=0.004), nasopharyngitis (RR: 1.66, 95% CI: 1.25-2.20, P=0.0004), bronchitis (RR: 1.96, 95% CI: 1.32-2.92, P=0.0009), and herpes zoster (RR: 3.40, 95% CI: 1.90-6.07, P<0.0001).

Conclusion

Anifrolumab is considered a well-tolerated option for the treatment of SLE patients with good safety.

Systematic Review Registration

https://inplasy.com, identifier 202230054.
Juvenile redfish (Sebastes spp.) behavior in response to Nordmøre grid systems in the offshore northern shrimp (Pandalus borealis) fishery of Eastern Canada
Authors: Araya-Schmidt Tomas , Bayse Shannon M. , Winger Paul D. , Santos Mark R.
Published: September 2022

A recent rebound of juvenile redfish (Sebastes spp.) in areas where the northern shrimp (Pandalus borealis) bottom trawl fishery in eastern Canada occurs has been challenging the fishing industry to maintain bycatch of this species within acceptable levels. Using self-contained underwater cameras and red lights, this study investigated the behavior of juvenile redfish in response to bycatch reduction devices (BRDs), called Nordmøre grids. Fish behavior was analyzed in grid systems with different bar spacings, including 22- and 19-mm bar spacings. A total of 10.3 h of useable underwater video was collected during commercial fishing conditions, which yielded individual observations of 931 redfish. Generalized linear models (GLMs) and behavioral trees were used to analyze the data. We observed that 52.5% of all redfish passed through the bar spacings and were retained. The duration of the selection process was relatively short (~1.9 s mean), and 57.8% of redfish reacted to the grids by swimming upwards, forward, or towards with respect to the grids. Behaviors exhibited by redfish and redfish retention were similar for both grids. GLM results suggested that as time in front of the grid increased and redfish had upwards or steady grid reactions, retention was drastically reduced. These were important variables that significantly explained the capture fate of redfish. The behavioral sequence that led to higher escape probability was redfish that approached upwards, had no contact with the grid, and reacted to the grid by continuing to move upwards to finally exit through the escape opening. GLM and behavioral trees gave a comprehensive view of redfish behavior, which is extremely useful for perfecting or developing any BRD to address juvenile redfish bycatch.
Rheumatoid arthritis and mitochondrial homeostasis: The crossroads of metabolism and immunity
Authors: Cui Liu , Weiyao Jing , Chenghong Su , Limei Liu , Xinghua Zhang , Bo Yuan , Xiaozheng Du , Haidong Wang
Published: September 2022

Rheumatoid arthritis is an autoimmune disease characterized by chronic symmetric synovial inflammation and erosive bone destruction. Mitochondria are the main site of cellular energy supply and play a key role in the process of energy metabolism. They possess certain self-regulatory and repair capabilities. Mitochondria maintain relative stability in number, morphology, and spatial structure through biological processes, such as biogenesis, fission, fusion, and autophagy, which are collectively called mitochondrial homeostasis. An imbalance in the mitochondrial homeostatic environment will affect immune cell energy metabolism, synovial cell proliferation, apoptosis, and inflammatory signaling. These biological processes are involved in the onset and development of rheumatoid arthritis. In this review, we found that in rheumatoid arthritis, abnormal mitochondrial homeostasis can mediate various immune cell metabolic disorders, and the reprogramming of immune cell metabolism is closely related to their inflammatory activation. In turn, mitochondrial damage and homeostatic imbalance can lead to mtDNA leakage and increased mtROS production. mtDNA and mtROS are active substances mediating multiple inflammatory pathways. Several rheumatoid arthritis therapeutic agents regulate mitochondrial homeostasis and repair mitochondrial damage. Therefore, modulation of mitochondrial homeostasis would be one of the most attractive targets for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis.
Case Report: Passive Handstand Promotes Cerebrovascular Elasticity Training and Helps Delay the Signs of Aging: A 40-Year Follow-Up Investigation
Authors: Liu Haonan , Xu Qian , Xiang Xin , Liu Danan , Si Shengyong , Wang Lan , Lv Ying , Liao Yidong , Yang Hua
Published: September 2022

Background

There are no long-term (>10 years) follow-up evaluations of the effects of handstand exercise or studies on the use of equipment for passive handstand exercise.

Objective

To report a 40-year follow-up investigation of a Chinese man who has been practicing passive handstand for 40 years.

Design

This observational investigation was conducted in Guizhou Province, China.

Participant

A (currently) 66-year-old Chinese man who had been practicing passive handstand exercise for 40 years was followed up.

Interventions

Physical and auxiliary examinations were carried out to determine the effects of long-term passive handstand exercise on the human body.

Main Measures

The participant’s cerebrovascular, spinal health, mental health, and visual acuity as well as the presence of facial aging were examined.

Key Results

His cerebral vessels were healthy, he appeared younger than his peers, his cervical spondylosis improved, and his mental state and cognitive function were good.

Conclusion

Long-term passive handstand exercise can promote cerebrovascular elasticity training and delay signs of aging. We recommend promoting this passive handstand exercise to the public.