bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Young Woman and the Sea: Lesbians Coming of Age in Coastal Communities in the Novels of Mireille Best
Authors: Schechner Stephanie
Published: April 2016

This essay examines three novels by the contemporary French lesbian author, Mireille Best (b. 1943). At once a "regional" writer whose origins near Le Havre serve as the backdrop for her narratives and a "lesbian writer" whose protagonists are all young lesbians seeking to understand themselves and the world around them, Best defies any such attempts to narrowly categorize her work. Instead, her deployment of a wide range of images related to water is but one mark of her fully developed aesthetic vision. This essay seeks to illuminate Best's significant contribution to contemporary women's fiction which has received little scholarly notice to date.
Crime originel / Crime original: Women and Wrongdoing in Hélène Cixous's Writing
Authors: Rice Alison
Published: April 2016

This essay examines the role of crime in the theoretical and fictional writings of Hélène Cixous. It draws from a variety of essays and novels to determine in what ways this writer aspires to criminal acts, what specific crimes she valorizes, and why she privileges the term "crime" over the concept of "sin." It then explores Cixous's reflections on her own plays to discern the "cathartic" qualities of crime and the specificity of the theatrical setting. Finally, it evokes the passion and pleasure Cixous derives from crime and addresses the ways in which she divulges her private transgressions in written form. As the title indicates, in Cixous's œuvre crime is at once present from the beginning and completely new, a truly original source of continual literary inspiration.
Sexual Education as Enlightenment in Riccoboni's Lettres de Mistriss Fanni Butlerd à Mylord Charles Alfred and Histoire du Marquis de Cressy
Authors: Bostic Heidi
Published: April 2016

This article examines Marie Jeanne Riccoboni's first two novels as testimonials in favor of an expanded understanding of Enlightenment that is broad enough to address women's experiences and contributions within both the social world and the intellectual project of eighteenth-century France. The trope of sexual education as Enlightenment serves as a lens through which to read the novels. On the surface, these two works would seem to be simply commentaries on failed love affairs and condemnations of male deception. On a deeper level, however, they offer insight into the gender coding of the Enlightenment. The novels show that, for women, there are two possible contradictory outcomes of sexual education as Enlightenment: maturity or death. The novels serve to educate readers about both possibilities.
Masque et mascarade dans Leone Leoni de George Sand
Authors: Leung Cathy
Published: April 2016

Leone Leoni , réécriture de Manon Lescaut est loin d'être un exercice littéraire ludique et innocent. Tout en empruntant apparemment le cadre narratif de Manon Lescaut , Sand détourne en fait le message moral de Prévost. Cette étude s'efforce de montrer comment l'auteure utilise le cadre de Venise et de son Carnaval, ainsi que le thème du masque, pour transgresser le propos de Manon Lescaut . En inversant les rôles homme/femme, Sand va plus loin qu'une simple transposition : elle nous donne au final une nouvelle image de la femme qui s'émancipe et choisit librement son destin tout en refusant l'ordre imposé par la société patriarcale.
Gender and Theology in Marguerite de Navarre's Heptaméron : A Reading of Novella 65
Authors: Virtue Nancy E.
Published: April 2016

This article examines the question of masculinity in the Heptaméron in the context of Marguerite de Navarre's evangelical faith. In particular, it analyzes Novella 65, which is recounted by Géburon, the oldest male storyteller or devisant in the Heptaméron . Géburon's age and declining physical condition have to some extent forced him off both the military and sexual battlefield. But this tired soldier is not merely interested in telling war stories. No longer able to perform his masculinity as in the past, Géburon turns to a new, more satisfying performance through the narrative act—that of keeping and protecting God's word. Novella 65 thus demonstrates efficiently how Marguerite de Navarre's narrative innovations are intricately connected to her religious beliefs.
Entretien avec Maryse Condé, 2 juillet 2002
Authors: Bérard Stéphanie
Published: April 2016

Maryse Condé est plus connue pour ses romans que pour son œuvre dramatique qui est pourtant prolifique : elle est l'auteure de neuf pièces dont la moitié environ sont éditées et qui ont, pour certaines, été créées aux Antilles, en France et parfois aux Etats-Unis. Les thèmes abordés par l'écrivain dans ses pièces sont identiques à ceux traités dans ses œuvres romanesques, offrant un tableau réaliste, pas toujours très élogieux, de la société antillaise, soulignant ses travers, dévoilant ses secrets, révélant ses tabous. Dans cet entretien, Maryse Condé nous parle des raisons qui ont motivé sa décision de s'orienter vers le théâtre, des attaches qui la lient à la Guadeloupe, des sujets qu'il lui tient à cœur d'aborder dans son théâtre, du rapport entre les sexes, de l'inceste, de l'histoire et de sa passion pour Haïti. Elle parle aussi du rapport entre les langues (français/ créole), de la réception de ses pièces en Guadeloupe et à l'étranger, de sa collaboration avec les metteurs en scène guadeloupéens, et de sa toute dernière pièce intitulée Oratorio créole qui n'a toujours pas été créée à ce jour.
Que me veux-tu?/ What do you want of me?: Claude Cahun's Autoportraits and the Process of Gender Identification
Authors: Andersen Corinne
Published: April 2016

This essay explores the early twentieth century self-portraits of the French surrealist photographer Claude Cahun. Critics have claimed that Cahun's numerous and varied autoportraits reveal a woman in the midst of a gender identity crisis. This article argues that her extensive oeuvre does not suggest an individual identity crisis, as much as it deconstructs the process of gender identification in Cahun's contemporary culture. The title of Cahun's collection of poetry and photomontage from 1930, Aveux non avenus (translated as cancelled confessions) serves as the impetus for an analysis of self-portraiture as an act of confession. Several photographs are examined through the theoretical lens of gaze theory; the writings of Joan Rivière and Jacques Lacan help expose and interpret the viewer's unstable, and often times uneasy, relationship to Cahun's art.
Anne Hébert et Guylaine Dionne, Deux interprétations opposées des mêmes Fous de Bassan
Authors: Pallister Janis L.
Published: April 2016

Parce que Guylaine Dionne montre dans son film Les Fantômes des trois Madelaine le même Morusbaasanus qui reparaît constamment dans le roman Les Fous de Bassan d'Anne Hébert, on est tenté de conclure que l'expression de la sensibilité artistique de Dionne a quelque chose en commun avec celle d'Anne Hébert. Et de fait, ce qui nous concernera le plus ici ce sont bien ces fameux oiseaux, les fous de Bassan, qui font que ces deux oeuvres, le roman d'Anne Hébert et le film de Guylaine Dionne, nous forcent à un rapprochement. Dans les deux cas on peut pretendre aussi que cet oiseau se distingue comme représentant de la nature sauvage, comme présence fantomatique attachée aux mécanismes de la mémoire, et comme modèle paradigmatique de la famille.
Pour une (re)lecture du Temps des madras de Françoise Ega
Authors: Kerszberg Annik Doquire
Published: April 2016

Dans La Parole des femmes (1979), Maryse Condé soulignait l'idéalisme du Temps des madras (1966) de Françoise Ega et, plus récemment, Hélène Sanko en a offert une analyse exotisante. Sans réfuter entièrement ces deux jugements, cet essai vise à les compléter, à les nuancer et à proposer une autre lecture du texte d'Ega. En analysant les figures tutélaires qui y sont décrites, on peut dégager une perspective gynocentrée et une critique discrète des stéréotypes coloniaux et sexistes mitigeant l'idéalisation sans réserve relevée par Condé. On peut alors envisager le récit d'Ega dans la lignée des précurseurs auxquels les auteurs de L 'Éloge de la Créolité font allusion. Par ailleurs, une comparaison entre Le Temps des madras et le récit autobiographique de Condé, Le Coeur à rire et à pleurer (1999), met en relief les similitudes et les différences entre les deux auteures et permet de mieux comprendre la critique de Condé.
Scandalous Rhetorics: Preaching Plain Style in Marguerite de Navarre
Authors: Randall Catharine
Published: April 2016

Marguerite de Navarre is rightly renowned for her short stories, spiritual poems and songs and late-medieval theater. However, Marguerite's evangelical faith had an influence on her writing that has not formerly been recognized in terms of its practical application to narrative. In the sixteenth century, evangelicals were Catholics who strove to renew the Church from within, through the application of techniques coming out of the Reformation: extensive reading of Scripture even by the laity, the doctrine of justification by grace, a distrust of clergy corruption. This essay argues that Marguerite's Heptameron , and the model she provides in it for the intersection of sacred and profane concerns, actually functions as a homiletical manual to teach the rudiments of good Protestant preaching.
Marie Jeanne Riccoboni's Lettres d'Élisabeth Sophie de Vallière: A Feminist Reading
Authors: Kaplan Marijn S.
Published: April 2016

Although Marie-Jeanne Riccoboni (1713-1792) is becoming increasingly familiar to critics and students alike, her 1772 novel Lettres d'Élisabeth Sophie de Vallière à Louise Hortence de Canteleu, son amie remains largely unknown. In this article, I offer a feminist analysis of the novel's poetics of narrative, focused on the connection between epistolary exchange and sexual exchange as well as the related appropriation of the female voice by the male voice. I argue that Riccoboni uses monovocal epistolarity in the female voice in order to expose its power as a "fiction of authority," a term coined by Susan S. Lanser, yet with a "devious narrative" twist as identified by Elizabeth J. MacArthur.
Lucy, une Australopithèque postmoderne - Andrée Chedid et le mythe des origines
Authors: Lantelme Michel
Published: April 2016

Dans Lucy. La femme verticale (1998), un livre consacré à l'Australopithèque découverte en Ethiopie en 1974, Andrée Chedid ne se contente pas de redonner vie à celle que nos mythes fondateurs ont longtemps considérée comme notre ancêtre commune. Elle va jusqu'à prêter sa voix à l'immémoriale et humble « aïeule », vieille pourtant de trois millions d'années. La créature préhistorique s'adressant à nous en empruntant la voix d'une femme de la fin du second millénaire, avec ses espoirs, ses inquiétudes et ses croyances, le dispositifa d'abord une valeur idéologique : il permet de légitimer le présent, de fonder ses valeurs et ses luttes. La prise de parole de Lucy correspond ainsi à une entreprise de reconquête du symbolique et s'inscrit pour cette raison même dans une tradition que l'on peut qualifier de « féministe ». Mais Lucy participe aussi à la remise en question de l'idée de progrès, et expose les apories inhérentes à toute représentation téléologique de l'Histoire, nous renvoyant ainsi à nos propres mythes. La pensée postmoderne a fait son deuil de la croyance en l'existence d'une origine une et determinable. Reste cependant le mystère d'une voix qui s'est miraculeusement faufilée jusqu'à nous, et nous requiert. Cette prosopopée signée Chedid est aussi l'occasion d'une méditation sur « l'appel » qui serait à l'origine de l'œuvre d'art.
Investigating the Relationship between To Live the Orange and Vivre l'Orange
Authors: Brownlie Siobhan
Published: April 2016

In this paper I present a study of Hélène Cixous' bilingual text Vivre l'Orange/To Live the Orange (1989/1979), using a Descriptive Translation Studies approach. Cixous' text has been much commented on but, to my knowledge, not as yet from a Translation Studies perspective. Through a close comparison ofthe French and English texts, I illustrate that there are patterns of difference between the original text and the translation concerning the people/things distinction and concerning gender. Most previous commentators have treated the French and English texts as ifthey were the same. In contrast, I signal a kind of 'defeminization' in the English text that produces a definite thematic difference between the original text and the translation. I offer divergent interpretations ofthe significance ofthat difference.
Le fantastique féminin du Québec fin de siècle: le recours au surnaturel contre l'abus masculin d'autorité
Authors: Grossman Simone
Published: April 2016

Dans les récits des écrivaines contemporaines du Québec, la relation privilégiée des héroïnes avec le surnaturel sert d'antidote à l'infériorité imposée aux femmes : les histoires mettent en scéne une femme empêchée d'acheter une hache, outil masculin, une revenante dans le loft de son amant suite à son assassinat, une amante rejetée à travers les strates de l'histoire, une chercheuse qui récuse monde des hommes - le monde normal, comme on dit » et fait advenir Paltérité perturbatrice dans un « texte fantôme ». Recourant à l'étrange pour briser le carcan du réel régi par les hommes, le fantastique féminin revêt une dimension sociocritique.
« L'Autre » dans Champs de bataille et d'amour de Véronique Tadjo
Authors: Migraine-George Thérèse
Published: April 2016

Combinant romans, nouvelles, poésie, livres pour enfants, récits légendaires et un texte-témoignage sur le génocide rwandais, l'oeuvre de Véronique Tadjo brouille les frontières entre les genres littéraires, les lieux et les temps. Née à Paris, élevée à Abidjan, vivant actuellement en Afrique du Sud, Tadjo élabore au fil de ses écrits une conception de l'altérité tout à la fois lyrique et concrète, à contre-courant des idéologies rigides et déshumanisantes véhiculées par certaines théories raciales, ethniques ou culturelles. Son roman Champs de bataille et d'amour (1999), qui s'articule autour d'un couple mixte vivant dans une grande ville africaine contemporaine, illustre de manière particulièrement éloquente cette résistance à tout dogmatisme destructeur. Dans ce roman, Tadjo privilégie une conception de l'être humain ou du « prochain » comme « inenglobable » selon les termes du philosophe français Emmanuel Lévinas, nous obligeant constamment à douter de toute définition préconçue de « l'autre », qu'il soit étranger ou familier. En mettant en valeur les doutes et déchirements vécus par des personnages confrontés à la réalité, faite de violence et de beauté mêlées, d'une grande ville africaine, mon étude vise à montrer que Champs de bataille et d'amour illustre non seulement la nécessité de rejeter toute idéologie raciale en faveur d'une ouverture à l'humanité fondamentale, mystérieuse et « inenglobable », des « autres » mais aussi les ressources inépuisables, cycliques et régénératrices, des rapports humains et de la nature.
Entretien avec Ina Césaire (le 13 janvier 2006 en Martinique)
Authors: Bérard Stéphanie
Published: April 2016

Ina Césaire, ethnologue et dramaturge martiniquaise, confère une place prépondérante à la femme dans son théâtre marqué par l'oralité et la tradition populaire. Ses pièces font entendre la voix de celles qui ont été maintenues dans l'ombre de l'Histoire officielle et sous la domination de l'homme. Ina Césaire dénonce avec force et conviction l'inégalité entre les sexes ainsi que la discrimination raciale et sociale qui règne aujourd'hui encore dans la société antillaise.
Post-War Jewish Women's Writing in French
Authors: Cairns Lucille
Published: April 2016

As anglophone-based French studies increasingly open up to the purviews and agendas of cultural studies, including those of gender and ethnicity, this essay seeks to remedy a significant gap in that evolution. Beginning with broad synopsis and then moving into closer analysis of individual texts, it plots certain salient coordinates within French-language Jewish women's writing of the post-war period. Particular attention is paid to four broadly representative writers: two authors who, on the whole, appear to exemplify the more traditional concerns of the second generation (Elisabeth Gilles and Myriam Anissimov), and two who, in contrast, exemplify a post-1968 episteme which is informed by, though not reduced to, gendered structures of experience (Eliette Abécassis and Karine Tuil).
Responding to the Shadows: Reimagining Subjectivity in Tadjo's L'Ombre d'Imana
Authors: Griffin Jenelle
Published: April 2016

Véronique Tadjo wrote L'Ombre d'Imana (2000) in response to the 1994 genocide in Rwanda, for which social narratives that divide an us from a them were partly responsible. Tadjo's text appears to mirror the social fragmentation: the narration is divided between an autobiographical narrator, witnesses' testimonials, and a third-person omniscient narrator recounting fable-like stories. The combined presence of these three narrative voices seems to undermine the conventional authority of each. However, read through the lens of Kelly Oliver's model of subjectivity based on witnessing, the text illustrates a new method of listening to others without reducing their narratives to fit in pre-existing categories. On one level, the narrator demonstrates the practice of hearing witness testimony beyond recognition; on another level, the text calls on the reader to repeat the practice in order to hear the author's account of her experience, communicated by all three narrative voices.
Enfance de Nathalie Sarraute. La déchirure salutaire
Authors: Anguita Lina Avendaño
Published: April 2016

L'analyse de la temporalité verbale en termes de focalisation permet une approche discursive de Enfance de Nathalie Sarraute. L'alternance de l'imparfait et du présent de l'indicatif contribue ainsi à rendre un processus de remémoration qui ne cherche pas à retrouver le moment particulier d'une vie, celle de Nathalie Sarraute, mais plutôt à atteindre une origine encore intacte. S'exposant à une déchirure salutaire, le sujet de conscience cherche en effet à percer les souvenirs de façades, à dépasser les platitudes de l'univers familier pour parcourir des mouvements intérieurs vierges, inexplorés.
Albert Cohen, Annie Ernaux et le portrait problématique de la mère
Authors: Maisier Véronique
Published: April 2016

Une lecture comparative d' Une Femme d'Annie Ernaux et du Livre de ma mère d'Albert Cohen souligne la façon dont ces auteurs, malgré des styles opposés, des portraits maternels antithétiques et une façon différente de relater l'impact du décès maternel, se rapprochent à la fois dans leur besoin d'assumer une même angoisse et dans l'exemplarité qu'ils assignent à leur récit. Une analyse de l'écriture du deuil de ces auteurs montre comment le témoignage littéraire des enfants/auteurs tente une réparation posthume vis-à-vis de la mère dans une recherche d'absolution par l'intermédiaire d'un mea culpa publié. En effet, si l'écriture est perçue comme un élément primordial du « travail du deuil », il importe de se demander ce que réciproquement le deuil apporte à l'écriture et d'examiner les enjeux de la publication de récits intimes.
Murder or Accident?: Condé's Postcolonial Detective Novels
Authors: Leservot Typhaine
Published: April 2016

Postcolonial detective fiction has been the object of a growing body of criticism since Ed Christian's 2001 publication on the topic. According to Christian, "the interrogation of suspects" typical of crime fiction becomes, in postcolonial contexts, an "interrogation of society" that can only be solved by a postcolonial detective inhabiting both "western colonial law and local culture" (2). Although diverse, and certainly adding new content to the detective fiction genre, postcolonial crime fiction ultimately leaves the genre's structural paradigm intact by preserving the existence of a murder, a detective, and a murderer. Three novels by Maryse Condé upset this paradigm and offer a different message about murders in various postcolonial contexts. Traversée de la mangrove (1989), La Belle Créole (2001), and La Femme cannibale (2003) all open with a dead body and look at first like a standard "whodunit." But unlike the stories studied by critics of the genre, Condé's postcolonial detective fiction doesn't solve the crime traditionally. In fact, Condé's detective fiction revamps the gerne of the detective story by either getting rid of the detective, or getting rid of the murder, or both. Most importantly perhaps, Condé's subversion of detective fiction undermines postcolonial theory by refusing to see these apparent crimes as postcolonial crimes, thus freeing her postcolonial subjects from postcolonial theoretical determinism.
Paysages de corps et d'esprit : moulage d'une identite feminine dans l' Heptameron de Marguerite de Navarre (1559)
Authors: Wilson Corinne
Published: April 2016

La symbolique spatiale derrière l'écriture de Marguerite de Navarre dans l' Heptaméron représente plus qu'un simple témoignage de sa mobilité à l'intérieur du pays. L' Heptaméron fournit en effet des informations précieuses sur la place et l'espace des femmes de la Renaissance française. Les nouvelles montrent l'espace non seulement selon une perspective féminine, mais également les lieux dits féminins selon cette même perspective. Nous analyserons en premier le paysage extérieur, pour en montrer le caractère limitatif et restrictif, en particulier pour les femmes. Ensuite, nous identifierons le paysage intérieur, pour découvrir une nouvelle dynamique de l'espace, une dynamique d'ouverture et de fermeture. Finalement, nous verrons combien cette redéfinition féminine de l'espace conduit à un idéal spatial sans frontière, avec un paysage et une identité spirituels définis par la femme.
Assia Djebar's La Femme sans sépulture : Anxiety and Testimonial Writing
Authors: Rocca Anna
Published: April 2016

In La Femme sans sépulture , the act of writing witnesses and narrates the tragedy of Zoulikha, the forgotten heroine of the Algerian independence war. In this novel, Djebar's testimonial writing becomes more effective thanks to the presence of a new component in the narration, which is a distinct form of individual and social anxiety. Anxiety engages the reader more actively and eventually induces him/her to witness persecution and historical injustice, to recognize complicity in the human ordeal of suffering, and perhaps, ultimately, his/her historical responsibility. By eliciting deep and comprehensive emotions, the author also aims to create a new liturgy, whereby narrators and readers join to recognize and transform grief and suffering into a more complex understanding of life.
Marguerite de Navarre and Religious Reform in Sixteenth-Century France
Authors: Sehrambach Bendi Benson
Published: April 2016

In the enthusiastic élan of the Renaissance, everything seemed possible. Belief in man's infinite capacity for understanding led to the ever-greater questioning of the Church and its practices. While in intellectual circles of the day, the ideas of Luther and Calvin began to circulate, Evangelicals argued for the restitution of the wellspring of religion, the Bible. One practitioner of devotio moderna was the sister of King François I of France, Marguerite de Navarre. By means of a configurational model developed by Eugene E. White, this article examines the theologically-assertive nature of the Queen of Navarre's collection of nouvelles, L'Heptaméron , and questions its efficacy on the subject of affecting religious reforms in sixteenth century France.
L'Autre face du monde . A propos d'Anne-Marie Garat
Authors: Allamand Carole
Published: April 2016

L'œuvre polymorphe et souvent primée de l'auteure française Anne-Marie Garat n'a pas encore fait l'objet d'une lecture globale. Notre analyse de seize romans, récits et essais publiés de 1984 à aujourd'hui révèle un scénario commun dans lequel un sujet cherchant à se recueillir fait l'expérience inverse de la dissolution. Au cœur de ces romans de dé-formation, sous les métaphores de leurs quêtes (photos d'un sexe de femme à identifier, disparition d'une épouse à élucider, contenu d'un coffre à deviner, œil mort du père à conjurer, etc.), se profile un trou noir dont la force d'attraction modèle la trame fictionnelle, creuse en elle ce siphon qui conduit les personnages d'énigme en énigme vers une obscurité toujours plus grande. Scène primitive de l'écriture de Garat, cette « étoile noire et gluante » forme une brèche dans l'imaginaire où perce le chaos du réel, l'autre face du monde . Notre article explore la manière dont cette œuvre, contemporaine dans sa référence soutenue à d'autres formes de représentation (la photographie, le cinéma, la peinture) aborde aux limites du langage cet « envers du décor » et se constitue comme littérature dans une expérience sans cesse renouvelée de l'indicible.
L'Humour face à la Shoah : (Re)Présenter et gérer la tragédie par le rire dans Ce soir, après la guerre de Viviane Forrester
Authors: Brunetaux Audrey
Published: April 2016

Fille de grand banquier juif, Viviane Dreyfus-Forrester vécut son adolescence en France sous l'Occupation allemande (1940-1944). Victime des lois raciales, la famille de l'auteure tente de fuir vers l'Espagne lorsque les Allemands envahissent la zone libre en 1942. Tout au long de leurs déplacements sinueux, l'adolescente jette un regard lucide sur elle-même et sur les siens, n'épargnant personne par ses commentaires imprégnés d'humour, d'ironie et de vérité. Forrester nous donne l'illusion, à nous lecteurs, de pénétrer son monde adolescent et de partager sa soif de vivre, sans pour autant occulter la guerre omniprésente. Elle réussit à nous « faire avoir » quinze ans (et c'est bien là que réside toute la beauté de son texte). Ce projet de recherche est né de la perplexité provoquée par la pléthore de passages humoristiques qui relatent les événements douloureux de la guerre et de la Shoah dans Ce soir, après la guerre sans pour autant éclipser les descriptions poignantes de la persécution, de la mort et du traumatisme des Juifs. Le ton acéré, teinté d'humour et de douleur, provoque un décalage entre la réalité de la guerre et les vicissitudes de l'adolescence, entre sphère publique et sphère privée. Emerge alors un paradoxe qui repose sur un usage de l'humour dans un contexte dramatique.
Entre prostitution et silence, la fleur empoisonnée de la modernité : La Fille Elisa (1877) d'Edmond de Goncourt
Authors: Giraud Barbara
Published: April 2016

A travers La fille Elisa , Edmond de Goncourt expose pour les dénoncer les pratiques carcérales de l'époque, notamment celle très en vogue du système d'Auburn qui condamne le/la condamné(e) au silence absolu. Il y explore l'effet destructeur de l'incarcération sur l'être à la fois physiologique et psychologique. Mon analyse, éclairée par ce que Foucault expose dans Surveiller et Punir (1975), se situe à l'intersection des champs juridique et médical et montre comment ces nouveaux procédés sont appliqués au cas d'Elisa, jeune femme issue de la misère et prostituée. La représentation de la folie permet à l'auteur de non seulement dénoncer un système qui fait de cette dernière une subversion de l'ordre social mais aussi de démontrer de manière subversive la violence et l'oppression que la société exerce sur les femmes et plus particulièrement lorsqu'elles sont issues du peuple.
Women Helping Women: Citizenship, Gender, and the Society for Maternal Charity
Authors: Adams Christine
Published: April 2016

After the Revolution, women's efforts to assist families, in league with state agents, gave them a quasi-official status and afforded them a new sense of both social utility and political efficacy in collaboration with like-minded individuals. In the instance of the Society for Maternal Charity, after it passed under imperial control in 1810, elite connections, substantial resources, and a public voice for women on issues concerning motherhood, the protection of infants, and social policy gave it important influence in debates over family politics and child welfare in the nineteenth century. The rationale for the Society was the ideal of solidarity among women as they fulfilled the new obligations of humanitarian citizenship. Associational activity taught its members modes of organizational and political behavior. They became skilled politicians, with claims to public as well as familial utility.
The Convent as a Paradoxical Site of Women's Autonomy in Post-Revolutionary Autobiography and Fiction
Authors: Porter Laurence M.
Published: April 2016

In earlier times, "aut maritus aut murus" was a well-to-do young woman's proverbial fate. Because a nun's dowry cost far less than an upper-class marriage, the nunnery became a convenient repository for less-favored and illegitimate daughters. Despite the disruption of the Revolution, religious vocations increased throughout the nineteenth century, finally including one percent of all French people. Nuns eventually outnumbered the clergy. As nuns, they escaped "the economy of homosocial exchange," and could play all social roles within a democratically organized convent. Sand and Hugo each recognized the appeal of the convent as a potential site of female autonomy, particularly in the 1839 Lélia and in Les Misérables (1862). Lélia was a thought experiment with which Sand attempted to work through the problem of pride and her discouragement with visionary socialism. In contrast, Hugo adopts a voyeuristic stance toward convent life, but sympathizes with his nuns' defiant separatism from secular authority.
Mythology and Ideology: Literary Depictions of Natalie Clifford Barney in L'ange et les pervers, Ladies Almanack , and Amants féminins ou la troisièeme
Authors: Ray Chelsea D.
Published: April 2016

Convinced that women's writing was undervalued, Barney founded the Académie des femmes in 1927 as a feminist response to the conservative, all-male Académie Française . Inspired by Sappho's legendary school of poetry, she tried to create a cultural space conducive to women's artistic expression. In so doing, she brought the gendered stakes of cultural recognition to the forefront. Life as art came full circle when Barney's life was refracted back through half a dozen literary portraits by women authors, who sought to usurp the male prerogative of naming woman as eternal muse. Delarue-Mardrus and Djuna Barnes exemplify the blurring of literary, erotic, and socio-political domains that resulted. Our understanding of these works becomes more nuanced when they are read against one another: the writers in Barney's circle engaged in an ideological intertextual collaboration that produced a tangible literary record of the Académie des Femmes , together with some of the most radical critiques of gender in interwar Paris.
Analysis of the organizational cynicism and organizational loyalty: Turkish Police Department Sample
Authors: Tekiner Mehmet Ali , Tavas Bekir
Published: April 2016

In the research, it was aimed to evaluate organizational cynicism and organizational loyalty of Turkish Police Department. In the research 153 subjects, all of whom work in the police departments, has been attempted to be analyzed through 5-point Likert scale. The data gathered has been statistically analyzed and the results have been explained.According to results, it was found that organizational cynicism and organizational loyalty were changed based on demographic properties of participants. Results showed that different demographic properties have different organizational loyalty degree.
Specialization in offending: A comprehensive review of criminological theories and empirical studies
Authors: Eker Ahmet , Mus Ekrem
Published: April 2016

Policy makers, legislators, and law enforcement practitioners generally believe that criminals do specialize in offending. However, they commit only one type of crime throughout their criminal career. Criminal laws, crime prevention programs, and criminal investigation techniques have been shaped by this assumption. On the other hand, a perennial debate amongst criminologists and researchers shows whether criminals have a tendency of specialization or versatility. Some theorists claim that there is one underlying reason for deviance; thus, offenders commit all available crimes. Whereas, others argue that offenders commit crimes for different reasons and needs. As a result, they have a tendency of specialization. Conversely, developmental criminologists claim both specialization and versatility. In this paper, we will start by explaining the theoretical assumptions and results of empirical studies regarding the effects of age, gender, peers, and crime types on offence specialization. Later, we will discuss the assumptions of the theories in the light of the related researches. Finally, we will present various policy and the research recommendations of this study.
On the Bézout equation in the ring of periodic
distributions
Authors: Rupp Rudolf , Sasane Amol
Published: April 2016

A corona type theorem is given for the ring D'A(Rd) of periodic distributions in Rd in terms of the
sequence of Fourier coefficients of these distributions,which have at most polynomial growth. It is also shown
that the Bass stable rank and the topological stable rank of D'A(Rd) are both equal to 1.
An Interview with Terry Wragg on the Work of the Leeds Animation Workshop
Authors: Tasker Yvonne
Published: April 2016

Based in the city of Leeds in the north of England, Leeds Animation Workshop describes itself as a “not-for-profit, cooperative company, which produces and distributes animated films and films on social and educational issues.” The organization was formally established in 1978 following a collaboration by a group of women on the film Who Needs Nurseries? We Do! In this interview Terry Wragg, a member of the group since that founding period, talks with Yvonne Tasker about funding patterns, filmmaking, the women's movement, and the significance of the workshop movement in the United Kingdom.
Finding Voices Through Her Images
Authors: Wei S. Louisa
Published: April 2016

This piece reflects on the process of researching and producing S. Louisa Wei's documentary Golden Gate Girls (2014) and the significance of Esther Eng in contemporary feminist conceptualizations of women's filmmaking in the 1930s and 1940s. The goal of the documentary and the research is to place Eng back into Chinese and U.S. film histories, from which she has effectively been forgotten. The photo essay uses text and images to describe and reflect on that process, on the challenge of researching Eng through the images that remain, and on the ways in which feminist film history might take account of her.
Percepciones de los estudiantes de psicología sobre las relaciones interpersonales en el ámbito universitario: un estudio exploratorio
Authors: Benevides Soares Adriana , Ribeiro de Seabra Ana María , Da Silva Porto Ana María , De Almeida Lima Claudio , De Abreu Fonseca Tamaris , De Almeida Santos Zeimara
Published: April 2016

Esta propuesta tiene como objetivo identificar las percepciones de graduados a respecto de las relaciones sociales establecidas con la comunidad académica. Fue utilizada la técnica de Grupo Focal y Análisis de Contenido para cosecha y análisis de datos. Fueron listados dos niveles de dificultad relativos a las situaciones vivenciadas por los alumnos. Resalté la integración de los alumnos, la relación solícita entre los alumnos y profesores, funcionarios y gestores como fáciles; las subcategorías de la intolerancia y de la falta de tiempo para el relacionamiento entre los alumnos, la falta de compromiso docente, la arrogancia y descaso de los funcionarios y la valorización de la pos en detrimento de la graduación como difíciles. Se sugiere el desarrollo de programas en habilidades sociales con participantes del medio académico destacándose la escasez de trabajos con segmentos técnicos administrativos.
Turkey’s changing security perceptions and expenditures in the 2000s: Substitutes or complements?
Authors: Ayman Gulden , Günlük-Şenesen Gülay
Published: April 2016

This article explains changes in Turkey’s security perceptions after the current ruling party, the AKP, came to power. It focuses on how Turkey tried to change the structure of conflictual relations with countries it has long viewed as sources of threat. Focusing on Syria, especially, the article delineates economic tools for conflict reduction and regional integration employed by Turkey and analyzes the challenges and main obstacles that the Turkish government has faced, especially after the Arab spring upheavals. The article then devotes attention to Turkey’s military modernization efforts launched to cope with the new threat environment and from there moves on to elaborate on the effect of security policy preferences and design on Turkish security-related resource allocation since the early 2000s. The intermingled nature of internal and external security policies calls for broadening the context of the economic aspects of security to include police, gendarmerie, and coast guard services along with the military. Descriptive analysis of on-budget components and off-budget facilities shed light on Turkey’s recent position in the international arena as an important military spender and arms importer.
Effekte einer frühen Sozialisierung von Ferkeln auf das Verhalten, unter anderem auf das Schwanzbeißen
Authors: Patzkéwitsch Dorian , Reese Sven , Erhard Michael , Klein Sandrina
Published: April 2016

Ziel dieser Studie war, die Einflüsse einer frühen Sozialisierung von Ferkeln auf das spätere Verhalten, unter anderem auf das Schwanzbeißen, zu zeigen. Material und Methoden: In drei Durchgängen erfolgten Verhaltensbeobachtungen von insgesamt 183 Tieren von der Geburt bis zum Mastende. Zusätzlich wurden das Gesäuge der Muttersauen sowie das Integument und die Schwänze der Masttiere bonitiert. Für die Sozialisierung wurde den vier Ferkelwürfen der Versuchsgruppe (V) ab dem 10. Lebenstag des jüngsten Wurfes zusätzlicher Raum (Arbeitsgang) zur Verfügung gestellt. Die Ferkel der Kontrollgruppe (K) wurden in konventionellen Abferkelbuchten im gleichen Stallabteil gehalten. Nach Umstallung in den Aufzuchtstall wurden die Ferkel in drei Gruppen eingeteilt: Versuchsgruppe (V/V; zwei Würfe aus Gruppe V), Kontrollgruppe (K/K; zwei Würfe aus Gruppe K) und Mischgruppe (V/K; je ein Wurf aus den Gruppen K und V). Ergebnisse: Nach dem Türenöffnen spielten die Tiere der Gruppe V signifikant (p ≤ 0,01) mehr als die der Gruppe K, wobei sie vor allem den zusätzlichen Raum nutzten. Zudem stieg das agonistische Verhalten in Gruppe V an. Am Tag der Umstallung in den Aufzuchtstall zeigte sich in Gruppe V/V signifikant weniger agonistisches Verhalten als in Gruppe K/K. Schwanzbeißen trat auch im Aufzuchtstall auf, jedoch nur in den Durchgängen zwei und drei. Am 100. Masttag hatten in den Gruppen V/V, V/K und K/K noch 58,7%, 51,7% bzw. 43,3% der Tiere intakte Schwanzspitzen. Schweine der Gruppe K/K wiesen signifikant kürzere Schwänze auf als die der anderen beiden Gruppen. Schlussfolgerung und klinische Relevanz: Die frühe Sozialisierung steigerte das Wohlbefinden der Ferkel im Abferkelstall durch Förderung des Spielverhaltens. Geringeres Auftreten von agonistischem Verhalten bei der Umstallung führte zu einer Stressreduktion zu diesem Zeitpunkt. Das Ziel, die Inzidenz des Schwanzbeißens zu verringern, ließ sich nicht zufriedenstellend erreichen. Die Sozialisierung könnte jedoch in Verbindung mit weiteren Maßnahmen zu einer Beeinflussung des Beißverhaltens beitragen.
Emphysematous pyometra secondary to Enterococcus avium infection in a dog
Authors: Cheng Ching-Chang , Wang Hsien-Chi , Lee Wei-Ming , Shyu Ching-Lin , Lin Cheng-Chung , Chen Kuan-Sheng , Chang An-Chi
Published: April 2016

A 5-year-old female intact Mastiff dog was presented with a history of vaginal discharge for 1 day. Physical examination revealed a sanguineo- purulent vaginal discharge and systemic inflammatory response syndrome. Abdominal radiographs showed several dilated and gasfilled tubular loops. The differential diagnoses included emphysematous pyometra or small intestinal mechanical ileus. Surgical exploration of the abdomen demonstrated a severely dilated and gas-filled uterus, and emphysematous pyometra was confirmed. The patient’s clinical signs resolved after ovariohysterectomy. Histopathology revealed mild endometrial cystic hyperplasia with infiltration of inflammatory cells in the superficial endometrial epithelia. Enterococcus avium, an α-hemolytic gram-positive coccus, was isolated from the uterus. This paper highlights the radiographic features of emphysematous pyometra and a pathogen that has never been reported to be associated with canine pyometra previously.
Postemergence Tropical Signalgrass (Urochloa subquadripara) Control with Nonorganic Arsenical Herbicides
Authors: Cross Robert B. , McCarty Lambert B. , Estes Alan G.
Published: April 2016

Tropical signalgrass (TSG) has become a serious weed problem in tropical and subtropical regions such as Florida in recent years in association with the ban of organic arsenical herbicide use in turf. The purpose of this research was to identify alternative POST herbicides that control TSG. Two field experiments were conducted in bermudagrass golf course fairways in south and central Florida in 2014 and 2015. Several nonorganic arsenical herbicide treatments controlled TSG. In the first experiment, treatments containing amicarbazone alone and in combination with other herbicides provided > 97% TSG control 12 wk after initial treatment (WAIT) in 2014 and 2015. These included a single application of amicarbazone at 0.49 kg ai ha−1, or sequential applications of amicarbazone at 0.25 kg ha−1in combination with foramsulfuron at 0.04 kg ai ha−1, sulfentrazone + imazethapyr at 0.25 kg ai ha−1, thiencarbazone + foramsulfuron + halosulfuron at 0.14 kg ai ha−1, and thiencarbazone + iodosulfuron + dicamba at 0.18 kg ai/ae ha−1. In the second experiment, sequential applications of thiencarbazone + foramsulfuron + halosulfuron at 0.14 kg ha−1in combination with either quinclorac at 0.84 kg ai ha−1or metribuzin at 0.28 kg ai ha−1provided ≥ 85% TSG control 12 WAIT in both years.
Comparative analysis of different methods of anesthesia in patients with acute pancreatitis using pain scales
Authors: Shilenok V N , Nikitina E V
Published: April 2016

Aim. To conduct a comparative analysis of used anesthesia methods in patients with acute pancreatitis in intensive care units settings using pain scales.Methods. Depending on the anesthesia type, 44 patients with acute pancreatitis were divided into three groups: the first group received intramuscular injections of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and spasmolytics, the second group - intramuscular injections of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and opioid analgesics, the third group - epidural anesthesia with local anesthetics. Comparative analysis of pain character, intensity was conducted, its dynamics in patients of all groups amid anesthesia was evaluated using a visual analogue scale, verbal rating scale, verbal descriptor scale, McGill pain questionnaire.Results. Baseline pain intensity in patients of all groups was high. Patients estimated this pain as «very strong». The time and the level of pain intensity reduction for various anesthesia types had differences. Pain syndrome was eliminated slower in patients of the second group. By the end of the 1st day, patients of this group continued to complain of «strong» pain. Pain intensity decreased only on the 2nd day - patients reported «moderate» pain. Pain syndrome was not completely eliminated in these patients for 2 days of anesthesia. 97.7% of patients reported that the visual analogue scale is the most acceptable pain assessment scale for them.Conclusion. In patients with acute pancreatitis, the most optimal anesthesia types are intramuscular nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs with spasmolytics and prolonged epidural anesthesia with local anesthetics; intramuscular administration of opioid analgesics with non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs is less effective in relieving pain.
The skin microbiota in pregnant women suffering from atopic dermatitis
Authors: Lonshakova-Medvedeva A Yu , Monakhov K N , Suvorov A N , Lavrova O V
Published: April 2016

Aim. To study the skin microbiota of pregnant women suffering from atopic dermatitis.Methods. 53 women of reproductive age suffering from atopic dermatitis (28 pregnant and 25 non-pregnant) were examined. The control group included dermatologically healthy women (25 pregnant and 25 non-pregnant). Prior to treatment initiation and on 15-day of study pathological process spread, the SCORAD index (scoring of atopic dermatitis - atopic dermatitis severity assessment), dermatology life quality index determination were conducted. In addition, microbiological study of material taken from the forehead, elbow bend skin and visually unaltered forearm skin was performed.Results. In women (pregnant and non-pregnant), suffering from atopic dermatitis skin total bacterial load is increased. In all groups, the skin microbiota is presented mainly by staphylococci: in dermatologically healthy people - coagulase-negative, in atopic dermatitis - Staphylococcusя aureus. In atopic dermatitis Staphylococcus aureus is isolated from both lesions and visually unaltered skin. In pregnant women with atopic dermatitis skin bacterial load was higher, Staphylococcus aureus was found more commonly. The skin microbiota in dermatologically healthy women was more diverse in respect of species comparing with patients with atopic dermatitis. Basic care remedies use leads to clinical improvement and a decrease in the skin total bacterial load and Staphylococcus aureus load. Daily use of emollients has no effect on saprophytic microorganisms.Conclusion. In pregnant patients with atopic dermatitis higher skin total bacterial load and higher rate of skin colonization by Staphylococcus aureus are observed.
The study of immune system state, substance P, hemostasis and interrelation between these systems in respiratory diseases in frequently ill children
Authors: Kerimova M K
Published: April 2016

Aim. To study immune system state, hemostasis system, the neuropeptide level (substance P) and their interrelation in respiratory diseases in frequently ill children.Methods. 340 frequently ill children, 125 rarely ill children and 30 apparently healthy children aged 6 months to 6 years were studied in the acute period of the disease, and in the period of clinical remission. Diagnosis was made on the basis of medical history, clinical signs, instrumental and laboratory assessment results. CD3+, CD4+, CD8+, CD19+ lymphocytes count, serum immunoglobulin classes A, G, M, E levels, interleukin-1β, -2, -6, -8, tumor necrosis factor α, substance P were determined.Results. Strong negative correlation was revealed between the CD4+-cells level, interleukin-2, interferon γ and hemostasis system parameters. Substance P, interacting mainly with interleukin-1β and -2, CD4+-cells, interferon γ, indirectly interacts with the hemostasis system. In recurrent obstructive bronchitis and complicated acute pneumonia course substance P content increase was higher (4.6-fold compared with healthy children). The fact that the immune system indicators, including cytokine status, substance P and hemostasis system do not normalize during respiratory disease clinical remission in frequently ill children indicates the infection persistence, the inflammatory process continuation during clinical remission.Conclusion. Along with the immune system, the nervous system and hemostasis system play an important role in respiratory diseases severity in frequently ill children, their complications, prolonged duration, recurrence and transition into a chronic condition.