bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Prevalence, Risk Factors, and Quality of Life of Knee Osteoarthritis in Urban Community in Indonesia: A COPCORD Study
Authors: Kurniari Pande Ketut , Hidayat Rudy , Parlindungan Faisal , Pratama Mirza Zaka , Wibowo Suryo Anggoro Kusumo , Sarmidi Sumariyono , Wahono Cesarius Singgih , Suryana Bagus Putu Putra , Rahman Aditya Perdana , Partan Radiyati Umi , Reagan Muhammad , Darma Surya , Marpaung Blondina , Ginting Andi Raga , Siregar Rizqi Arini , Kambayana Gede , Tejawati Dewa Ayu Kartika , Sindhughosa Dwijo Anargha , Hamijoyo Laniyati , Rahmadi Andri Reza , Wirawan Chevie , Sofiatin Yulia , Kertia Nyoman , Sari Lisa Kurnia , Hellmi Rakhma Yanti , Warlisti Ika Vemilia , Adita Fenda , Werdiningsih Yulyani , Nurudhin Arief , Sunarso Indrayana , Sylvawani Mahriani , Zuaidi Rahmat , Jazmi Dolly , Najirman Najirman , Rikarni Rikarni , Yudha M. Agung Pratama , Suarjana Nyoman , Ariadie Dimas , Djallalluddin Djallalluddin , Nugroho Cahyo Wibisono , Rahmawati Lita Diah , Syahriani Femi , Harman Paramitha Puspasari , Elwindy Sarafina , Ongkowijaya Jeffrey Arthur , Januraga Pande Putu , Wardhani Brigitta Dhyah Kunthi , Pradnyani Putu Erma
Published: January 2025

Aim

This study evaluates the prevalence, risk factors, and quality of life of patients with knee osteoarthritis (OA) in the Indonesian population.

Method

A cross‐sectional study of 3597 adults (≥ 18 years old) was conducted in 2023 involving 15 different cities in Indonesia. Knee OA was classified according to the clinical ACR criteria. The COPCORD questionnaire was used for all subjects. The quality of life (QoL) was assessed using the WOMAC score.

Results

The prevalence of knee OA was 15.0%. Banda Aceh has the highest prevalence of knee OA at 70.79%, whereas Bandung has the lowest (4.18%)—the odds of having knee OA increased with age. The adjusted odds ratio (aOR) were 5.01 (95% CI 2.47–10.15, p < 0.001) for participants aged 40–49 years and 72.19 (95% CI 36.32–143.51, p < 0.001) for participants aged 70 years or over, compared to participants under 40 years. Knee OA was higher among female participants (aOR = 1.91; 95% CI 1.53–2.39, p < 0.001). Married and divorced participants had higher odds of having knee OA compared to those who never married (aORs 2.56 (95% CI 1.37–4.77, p = 0.003) and 2.40 (95% CI 1.23–4.68, p < 0.010), respectively). Knee OA is less likely found among participants with elementary school education background (aOR 0.37; 95% CI 0.22–0.64, p < 0.001) and those with senior high school (aOR 0.49; 95% CI 0.29–0.83, p = 0.007). The total WOMAC score was 25.9 ± 18.7 from all participants, indicating moderate impairment in QoL.

Conclusion

The prevalence of knee OA in several urban districts in Indonesia was 15.0%, with most patients having moderate impairment in QoL. Several sociodemographic factors were associated with the odds of having knee OA.
Salidroside Improves Oocyte Competence of Reproductively Old Mice by Enhancing Mitophagy
Authors: Gu Jingkai , Hua Renwu , Wu Huayan , Guo Chenxi , Hai Zhuo , Xiao Yuan , Yeung William S. B. , Liu Kui , Babayev Elnur , Wang Tianren
Published: January 2025

The decline of oocyte quality with advanced maternal age has a detrimental effect on female fertility. However, there is limited knowledge of therapeutic options and their mechanisms to improve oocyte quality in reproductively older women. In this study, we demonstrated that supplementation of salidroside improves the oocyte quality of reproductively old mice. Salidroside improved the maturation, fertilization, and developmental competence of oocytes from reproductively old mice by maintaining the normal spindle/chromosome structure and mitochondrial function. Oocyte transcriptomic and micro‐proteomic analysis revealed that salidroside restores oocyte quality by enhancing mitophagy in reproductively old mice. Our studies provide a new theoretical foundation for utilizing salidroside to improve oocyte quality in reproductively old females in the context of natural fertility or assisted reproduction.
Review: Animal‐assisted intervention for children with attention‐deficit/hyperactivity disorder – a systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Yu Shuxin , Xue Hui , Xie Yuqing , Shao Guanyue , Hao Yihui , Fan Lijun , Du Wei
Published: January 2025

Background

Animal‐assisted interventions (AAIs) have emerged as a promising nonpharmacological intervention option for children diagnosed with attention‐deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). However, recent systematic reviews have been primarily narrative. Additionally, the pooled effectiveness of AAIs was absent from these systematic reviews.

Methods

We conducted a comprehensive systematic review and meta‐analysis, searching multiple databases, including Web of Science, MEDLINE, CINAHL, Scopus, PsycINFO, EMBASE and Cochrane, from inception of the databases to March 2024. We retrieved 17 randomised controlled trials or quasi‐experimental studies and used Review Manager 5.4.1 software to perform a meta‐analysis of the effects of AAIs in treating children with ADHD. We conducted a set of random‐effects meta‐analyses to estimate standardised mean differences (SMD) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) using subgroup data by different outcome domains extracted from eight randomised controlled trials, in relation to changes in behavioural, mental and physical functioning in a total of 307 children with ADHD before and after the intervention.

Results

In comparison with non‐AAI groups, AAIs significantly improved attention problems in children with ADHD (SMD = −0.42, 95% CI = −0.71 to −0.13), self‐esteem (0.46, 0.14 to 0.78), learning and cognition problems (−0.69, −0.98 to −0.39) and motor proficiency (0.77, 0.11 to 1.42). The pooled effect of AAIs on the severity of ADHD symptoms in the experimental group was not significantly different from the effect of conventional treatments in the control group (0.10, −0.31 to 0.52). Similarly, AAIs had no significant positive effects on social interaction (−0.22, −0.51 to 0.06), social skills (−0.32, −0.87 to 0.24), problematic behaviours (−0.10, −0.54 to 0.35) or emotional problems, including depression and anxiety (−0.13, −0.51 to 0.24).

Conclusions

As an ADHD management strategy complementary to gold‐standard approaches, such as medication or multimodal interventions, AAIs did not appear to be more effective in improving the majority of core ADHD outcomes in children. Future studies should incorporate rigorous study designs with large sample sizes and a standard protocol to achieve more valid and reliable conclusion.
Debate: Where to next for universal school‐based mental health interventions?
Authors: Birrell Louise , Grummitt Lucinda , Smout Scarlett , Maulik Pallab , Teesson Maree , Newton Nicola
Published: January 2025

In this article, we evaluate the current state of universal school‐based mental health prevention. We argue that the field is at another pivotal turning point, with many unanswered questions. As youth mental health issues rise in prominence and prevalence, schools increasingly adopt mental health and well‐being programmes. However, recent large‐scale trials have reported varied effects, raising questions about their effectiveness. We critically analyse these findings and place them in a global context. We contend results in high‐income countries should not be seen as a failure of universal prevention overall and unpack key learnings from trials that have not found significant preventive effects. A comprehensive perspective of the data reveals both negative and positive aspects, as well as some signposts for the way forward. We advocate for programme adaptation based on feedback, embracing proportionate universalism and exploring alternative prevention strategies without discarding universal prevention. We urge continued research with stakeholder involvement, emphasising a nuanced approach to universal school‐based mental health prevention, is urgently needed to move the field forward.
A Novel Case of Biallelic MLH3 Variants in a Patient With Rectal Cancer and Polyps
Authors: Johannesen Katrine M. , Karstensen John Gásdal , Rasmussen Andreas Ørslev , Scott Emma Adine Hoxer , Birkedal Ulf , Hansen Thomas v. O. , Steenholdt Casper , Jelsig Anne Marie
Published: January 2025

An increasing number of autosomal recessive forms of adenomatous polyposis have been described, but some in very few cases. Here, we describe a rare case of biallelic germline pathogenic variants in the MLH3 gene, implicating it as a potential cause of early colorectal cancer. The patient, a 47‐year‐old woman, presented with rectal bleeding, leading to the discovery of a malignant rectal tumor and adenomas during colonoscopy. Histopathological examination confirmed adenocarcinoma without microsatellite instability, and genetic testing identified two likely pathogenic frameshift variants in MLH3 located in trans. These findings contribute to the expanding knowledge of MLH3‐related polyposis and colorectal cancer and underscore the need for further research into the gene's broader implications, including its potential role in cancer and infertility pathways.
Abaloparatide Enhances Bone Regeneration in Extraction Socket Dental Implant Defects: An Experimental In Vivo Study
Authors: Latimer Jessica , Yilmaz Birtan , Feher Balazs , Shiba Takahiko , Fretwurst Tobias , Mitlak Bruce , Lanske Beate , Kostenuik Paul , Giannobile William V.
Published: January 2025

Objective

Abaloparatide (ABL) is a synthetic parathyroid hormone‐related protein analog developed as an anabolic drug to treat osteoporosis. ABL increases bone mineral density (BMD) of the long bones and spine; however, the influence of ABL on alveolar bone regeneration remains unknown. This study assessed the effects of systemic ABL administration on tooth extraction socket healing and dental implant osseointegration in a preclinical rodent model.

Methods

Sprague‐Dawley rats received daily subcutaneous injection of ABL (25 μg/kg) or vehicle (VEH) at the time of maxillary first molar (M1) extraction surgery; animals underwent either: (1) unilateral M1 extraction followed by sacrifice at 10 or 42d or (2) bilateral M1 extraction followed by staged implant placement in osteotomies with standardized defects and sacrifice at 21 or 28d.

Results

Micro‐computed tomography (micro‐CT) analysis demonstrated that ABL increased bone volume fraction (p = 0.004) and bone mineral density (BMD) (p = 0.006) of regenerated extraction sockets at 42d. Micro‐CT of the femur validated systemic effects of ABL, showing greater trabecular BMD after 6 (p < 0.01), 9 (p < 0.001), and 14 (p < 0.001) weeks of treatment. Histomorphometry confirmed a higher mineralized bone area with ABL treatment in extraction sockets at 42d (p = 0.03) and in the regenerated peri‐implant bone at 21d post‐implant placement (p = 0.01) compared to control.

Conclusion

Systemic ABL administration enhances osteogenesis in extraction sockets prior to implant placement and accelerates peri‐implant bone formation in the early phase of healing in the present rodent model.
The ‘MOAHLFA(P) Index’: An Attempt to Standardise a Widely Used Array of Descriptors of Patch‐Tested Patients
Authors: Uter Wolfgang , Andersen Klaus Ejner , Brans Richard , Bruze Magnus , Schubert Steffen , Gonçalo Margarida ,   the EECDRG
Published: January 2025

Background

Since its inception in 1980, the MOHL index (% patients who are male, have occupational, hand, or leg dermatitis, respectively) and its later evolutions until the presently used MOAHLFA(P) index (adding % patients with atopic dermatitis, face dermatitis, age 40+ years and positive reaction(s) to ≥ 1 baseline series allergen) have been intended to convey important demographic and clinical information on the patients patch tested in a certain area and time, aiding the interpretation of the observed spectrum of sensitisation.

Objectives

To examine the current usage of the MOAHLFA(P) index and suggest consolidated definitions for its single items.

Methods

A title/abstract search in Medline identified publications mentioning the evolving acronyms. A Delphi‐like survey among contact dermatitis experts collected agreement with suggested definitions.

Results

The search term ‘MOAHLFA’ was used in 35 publications from a broad geographical origin. More than 80% of the 24 participants of the survey (65% response) agreed on maintaining to use (i) sex for the ‘M’ criterion, (ii) occupation‐related dermatitis irrespective of medicolegal definitions for the ‘O’, (iii) atopic dermatitis (but not rhinitis or asthma) for the ‘A’. The possibility to use more than one site among ‘H’, ‘L’ and ‘F’ and a more detailed description of age distribution were favoured, and the difficult interpretability of the ‘P’ measure was highlighted.

Conclusions

The ‘classical’ MOAHLFA(P) index may be extended. Some aspects, notably atopic dermatitis, need further standardisation.
Gastrointestinal tolerability and weight reduction associated with tirzepatide in adults with obesity or overweight with and without type 2 diabetes in the SURMOUNT‐1 to ‐4 trials
Authors: Rubino Domenica M. , Pedersen Sue D. , Connery Lisa , Cao Dachuang , Chigutsa Farai , Stefanski Adam , Fraseur Brumm Julia , Griffin Ryan , Gerber Claire
Published: January 2025

Aims

This analysis evaluated whether gastrointestinal (GI) adverse events (AEs) including nausea, vomiting, diarrhoea (N/V/D) and dyspepsia were associated with weight reduction with tirzepatide across the SURMOUNT‐1 to ‐4 trials.

Materials and Methods

SURMOUNT‐1 to ‐4 were global Phase 3 clinical trials evaluating the safety and efficacy of tirzepatide among participants with obesity or overweight with or without type 2 diabetes (T2D). Participants were randomly assigned to receive once weekly subcutaneous tirzepatide or placebo. This post hoc analysis investigated weight change at the primary endpoint from baseline among participants who self‐reported no N/V/D, any N/V/D or nausea alone. Mediation analyses evaluated the contribution of N/V/D and dyspepsia on weight reduction. Time to first use of antidiarrheal and antiemetic usage was reported by time intervals.

Results

Baseline characteristics were similar between participants who reported N/V/D and those who did not. More participants reported GI AEs in the tirzepatide treatment arms (27.8%–72.8%) than with placebo (12.2%–32.5%). Most GI AEs were non‐serious and occurred during dose escalation. Between 1.0% and 10.5% of tirzepatide‐treated participants discontinued treatment due to GI AEs. Weight reduction with tirzepatide was similar among participants reporting no nausea, nausea alone, or any N/V/D. Mediation analyses suggested that N/V/D and dyspepsia were associated with up to 3.1% of total weight reduction. When required, first use of antidiarrheal and antiemetic medication was most commonly reported during dose escalation.

Conclusions

In this post hoc analysis, GI AEs appeared to contribute slightly to the weight reduction seen with tirzepatide in participants with obesity or overweight with or without T2D.
Predation of the white‐lined sphinx moth (Hyles lineata) is dependent upon time of day but not human disturbance
Authors: Seymoure Brett , Sanchez Braulio A. , Pollard Kajaya J. , Horne L. Miles , Field Elizabeth , Portz Ashlee D. , Savage Jackson , Smith Colby , Duffendack Spencer , Cotty Elise , Neria Oliver , Moore Alexander , Saenz‐Arreola Sol , Olivas Andrea , Da Cunha Oceane
Published: January 2025

Human settlements and urbanisation are increasing globally, with more than half of the Earth's terrestrial surface being impacted by humans. This development has resulted in numerous anthropogenic stressors including nocturnal sensory pollution (i.e. light pollution), which is a key driver of insect declines.

Nocturnality is hypothesized to reduce predation risk from visually‐guided diurnal predators. More than half of all insect species, and 80% of Lepidoptera, are estimated to be nocturnal.

Predation rates on insects are likely a result of habitat, time of day and the local predator composition. We investigated how predation rates on plasticine moth replicas differed between urban and rural sites, and between night and day.

Visually matching paper‐winged, clay‐bodied replicas of the white‐lined sphinx moth, Hyles lineata, were placed in a natural area within the city of El Paso, Texas, and in remote Chihuahuan Desert with minimal human disturbance. These replicas were checked during dawn and dusk for 3 days.

Predation rates were significantly lower at night than during the day regardless of location, and predator composition differed between sites. Insectivorous birds were the primary diurnal predators in both locations, whereas nocturnal predators were represented primarily by insects at the rural site and by mammals at the urban site.

These findings support the hypothesis that visually‐guided predators, such as birds, exert higher predation pressures during the day, and supports the hypothesis that insect biodiversity, especially of predaceous insects, is affected by urbanisation.
Vacuolar myopathy with monoclonal gammopathy and stiffness (VAMMGAS)
Authors: Staedler Katia , Allenbach Yves , Salort‐Campana Emmanuelle , Malfatti Edoardo , Rigolet Aude , Attarian Shahram , Maues de Paula André , Léonard‐Louis Sarah , Benveniste Olivier , Stojkovic Tanya
Published: January 2025

Background

Monoclonal gammopathy (MG) has been reported in association with numerous neurological disorders but the spectrum of MG‐associated myopathies remains poorly described.

Objective

To report a newly acquired myopathy associated with MG.

Methods

Three adult patients with the same phenotype from two French referral centers were prospectively analyzed. Clinical, electrophysiological, muscle biopsy data, and patients' outcomes under treatment are reported.

Results

The patients, aged 37, 46, and 56 years, presented progressive weakness with subacute worsening and stiffness, in the context of severe weight loss. The weakness mainly involved the proximal limbs and axial muscles. Creatine kinase levels were 1400–2900 IU/L and electromyography revealed a myopathic pattern with spontaneous complex repetitive discharges. Muscle biopsies showed vacuoles containing glycogen and autophagic material along with the presence of sarcolemmal complement membrane attack complex deposits. There was no evidence of a genetic glycogen metabolic disorder. IgGκ monoclonal gammopathy was identified in all cases, without signs of lymphoplasmocytic proliferation. All patients improved with a treatment combining corticosteroids, intravenous immunoglobulins, and immunosuppressants, and two patients recovered walking ability.

Conclusion and Relevance

We report a new muscle disease defined by a vacuolar myopathy characterized by axial and proximal muscle weakness with prominent stiffness and high frequency discharges on electromyography associated with monoclonal gammopathy, defined under the acronym VAMMGAS.
Embracing the Future or Buying Into the Bubble: Do Sophisticated Institutions Invest in Crypto Assets?
Authors: DeVault Luke , Turtle H. J. , Wang Kainan
Published: January 2025

We document that early institutional investors in cryptocurrencies exhibit innovation and adaptability in financial markets, despite the asset class's inherent ambiguity and risk. Investing in crypto assets signals a managerial willingness to undertake reputational and career risks. We compare the performance of institutions that engage in crypto investments with that of their non‐crypto‐investing peers. Our results indicate that institutional crypto investors outperform their peers by about 2.8% per year. Using propensity score matching, we find that early crypto investors outperform both followers and non‐holders as crypto investments become increasingly prevalent in markets.
Genetic Rescue of the Dinaric Lynx Population: Insights for Conservation From Genetic Monitoring and Individual‐Based Modelling
Authors: Pazhenkova Elena , Bartol Matej , Boljte Barbara , Fležar Urša , Gazzola Andrea , Gomerčić Tomislav , Konec Marjeta , Kos Ivan , Krofel Miha , Kubala Jakub , Paule Ladislav , Pop Mihai , Potočnik Hubert , Promberger Barbara , Rigg Robin , Sin Teodora , Sindičić Magda , Slijepčević Vedran , Stronen Astrid Vik , Topličanec Ira , Skrbinšek Tomaž
Published: January 2025

Inbreeding depression poses a severe threat to small populations, leading to the fixation of deleterious mutations and decreased survival probability. While the establishment of natural gene flow between populations is an ideal long‐term solution, its practical implementation is often challenging. Reinforcement of populations by translocating individuals from larger populations is a viable strategy for reducing inbreeding, increasing genetic diversity and potentially saving populations from extinction. The Dinaric population of Eurasian lynx (Lynx lynx) has faced high inbreeding levels, with effective inbreeding reaching 0.316 in 2019, endangering the population's survival. To counteract this, population reinforcement was implemented between 2019 and 2023, involving the translocation of 12 individuals from the Carpathian Mountains to the Dinaric Mountains of Slovenia and Croatia. We conducted comprehensive genetic monitoring in this area, gathering 588 non‐invasive and tissue samples, which were used for individual identification and estimation of population genetic parameters. We used stochastic modelling to assess the long‐term viability of the Dinaric lynx population post‐translocation and formulate effective conservation strategies. The model predicts that, despite significant improvement of genetic diversity after translocations, inbreeding will return to critical levels within 45 years. Our results highlight the fact that reinforcement is just the first step and that long‐term genetic management is needed to keep the population from sliding back towards extinction. The Dinaric lynx population serves as a compelling example of genetic rescue. The lessons learnt here will be essential for ensuring the viability of the Dinaric lynx in the future and also provide a useful template for conservation of other populations and species facing similar threats.
A creatine efflux transporter in oligodendrocytes
Authors: Flögel Svenja , Strater Miriam , Fischer Dietmar , Gründemann Dirk
Published: January 2025

Creatine is essential for ATP regeneration in energy‐demanding cells. Creatine deficiency results in severe neurodevelopmental impairments. In the brain, creatine is synthesized locally by oligodendrocytes to supply neighboring neurons. Neuronal uptake is mediated by SLC6A8. However, it is still unknown how creatine is released from the producing cells. Here, we investigated the function of the transporter SLC22A15, which exhibits strikingly high amino acid sequence conservation. The release of substrates from 293 cells via heterologously expressed human and rat SLC22A15 was analyzed by mass spectrometry. A number of zwitterions were identified as substrates, with similar efflux transport efficiencies. However, in absolute numbers, the efflux of creatine far outweighed all other substrates. In contrast to the permanent creatine efflux mediated by SLC16A12 and SLC16A9, SLC22A15 was, by default, completely inactive, thereby preventing continuous creatine loss from producing cells. External substrates such as guanidinoacetic acid, GABA, or MPP+ trigger creatine release through a one‐to‐one exchange. Human and mouse mRNA profiles indicate that SLC22A15 expression is highest in oligodendrocytes and bone marrow. Single‐cell RNA sequencing data substantiate the hypothesis that SLC22A15 depends on high intracellular creatine concentrations: high SLC22A15 counts, as in oligodendrocytes and macrophages, correlate with high counts of the creatine synthesis enzymes AGAT and GAMT in both humans and mice, whereas in proximal tubular cells and hepatocytes, AGAT counts are high, but SLC22A15 is absent. Our findings establish SLC22A15 as the pivotal transporter for controlled creatine release from oligodendrocytes, filling a critical gap in understanding creatine metabolism in the brain.
Mode‐I Moving Semi‐Infinite Crack in an Infinitely Long Orthotropic Strip in the Presence of Electromagnetic Field
Authors: Alam Samim , Chandra Mandal Subhas
Published: January 2025

This research examines the propagation of a mode‐I semi‐infinite crack with constant velocity in a magnetoelastic orthotropic strip with shear‐free boundaries. The novelty of this work lies in addressing the unexplored plane‐strain problem of crack propagation in a magnetoelastic orthotropic medium, specifically in the presence of electromagnetic field and shear‐free boundary conditions. The mixed boundary value problem is reduced to a Wiener‐Hopf equation by employing the Fourier integral transform method to the convenient boundary conditions. The Wiener‐Hopf equation is then solved for asymptotic cases to obtain the expressions of the stress intensity factor (SIF) and the crack opening displacement (COD) at the vicinity of the crack. The obtained results are demonstrated graphically. The key finding of this research is that the magnetoelastic coupling coefficient plays a critical role in influencing the behavior of dynamic fractures, as illustrated by graphical results. The accuracy and novelty of the findings are validated by comparison with previously published works, highlighting the added value of this research in understanding magnetoelastic effects on crack propagation.
Effectiveness of Y‐V‐plasty for refractory bladder neck stenosis after transurethral prostate surgery
Authors: Masumoto Hakaru , Horiguchi Akio , Shinchi Masayuki , Ojima Kenichiro , Segawa Yuhei , Takekawa Kazuki , Furukawa Yoshiyuki , Minami Takahiro , Suzuki Sadayoshi , Katsuta Jumpei , Watanabe Daisuke , Ito Keiichi
Published: January 2025

Objectives

To evaluate the surgical and patient‐reported outcomes of YV‐plasty in patients with refractory bladder neck stenosis (BNS) following transurethral prostate surgery.

Methods

This retrospective study reviewed five patients who underwent YV‐plasty for BNS between January 2021 and October 2023. The surgical procedure involved a midline lower abdominal incision to expose the bladder neck. A V‐shaped incision was made in the anterior bladder wall to create a bladder flap. The bladder neck was then incised from the apex of the V‐shape to the healthy urethra, forming a Y‐shaped incision. Fibrotic tissue was excised, and the posterior side of the urethra and bladder were anastomosed. The bladder flap was mobilized and sutured to the healthy urethra using 4‐0 PDS interrupted sutures. Follow‐up assessments included uroflowmetry, postvoid residual urine volume measurement (PVR), and questionnaires on daily pad use and patient satisfaction. Success was defined as cystourethroscope passage through the anastomosis without resistance and no need for additional procedures.

Results

The median patient age was 69. All patients had a history of failed endoscopic treatments. The median follow‐up was 13 months, with all considered successful. The median postoperative maximum flow rate was 26.6 mL/s, and the median PVR was 12 mL. Postoperatively, two (40%) were pad‐free, and three (60%) used 1–2 pads daily. Three (60%) patients were ‘very satisfied,’ one (20%) ‘satisfied,’ while one (20%) was ‘dissatisfied.’

Conclusions

Y‐V‐plasty is an effective option for refractory BNS, improving urinary function and quality of life.
What Drives Design Education in Korean Classrooms? The History of South Korea's National Curriculum and Some Proposals for Design Education in Its Current Iteration
Authors: Choi Seolyung , Hyun Eunryung
Published: January 2025

In South Korea, the National Curriculum and textbooks, especially within design education, are closely intertwined. The Curriculum is critical in establishing educational goals and standards for each subject, acting as a blueprint for schooling. Textbooks, which must be approved, are designed to align with this Curriculum. This article introduces new content for design textbooks guided by the 2022 Curriculum revisions, highlighting the importance of using design to solve real‐world problems and the potential for interdisciplinary collaboration. Consequently, this article puts forth the following proposed content to be included in the forthcoming design textbook: recognising and appreciating exemplary design in everyday life, acquiring diverse knowledge to foster creative problem‐solving skills, and comprehending the significance of design for all individuals.
How Children Draw, Write and Tell About Portraying Mixed Emotions in Themselves and Others Children
Authors: Burkitt Esther , Watling Dawn
Published: January 2025

Children alter their drawings in multiple ways depending on whether they are drawing happy, sad or mixed happy and sad experiences. However, their explanations of why they may use features to show emotions may be overlooked in interpretation. The present study therefore used the Draw–Write–Tell paradigm which integrates children's explanations of feature use to explore children's drawn representations of mixed emotional experiences. 92 (42 boys, 50 girls) children between the ages of 6–8 years (6 years 4 months–7 years 11 months, M = 7 years 2 months, SD = 3 months) were recruited on the basis of age from mainstream schools across the South East and South West of the UK. Children were allocated to one of two conditions hearing either a vignette about themselves (n = 46, 22 girls) or another age and gender matched child (n = 47, 27 girls). Following a mixed emotion presence interview, all children competed the Draw–Write–Tell process. Eleven themes of how children explained how they drew mixed emotion experiences emerged following an exhaustive thematic analysis indicating individual, prosocial and cultural influences on their drawing choices. The importance of using this approach when interpreting children's drawings of emotional experiences is discussed.
Factors Associated With Mental Health Literacy, Depression, and Anxiety Amongst Indonesian Adolescents
Authors: Yani Desy Indra , Wong John Chee Meng , Pikkarainen Minna , Chua Joelle Yan Xin , Wong Hung Chew , Goh Yong Shian Shawn , Shorey Shefaly
Published: January 2025

Aims

This study aims to identify factors associated with mental health literacy (mental health knowledge and attitudes towards mental health and help‐seeking behaviours), depression and anxiety amongst adolescents, and test the hypothesised model by examining the interrelationships between these outcomes.

Design

Cross‐sectional descriptive quantitative research.

Methods

Using convenient sampling, 615 adolescents from four public schools completed online questionnaires measuring mental health literacy, depression, and anxiety. The data were analysed using Pearson correlation, multiple linear regression, and structural equation modelling (SEM).

Results

Individual factors (e.g., gender, physical health and past traumatic experiences), family factors (e.g., parental criticism and family support) and school/community factors (e.g., academic pressure and safety) were associated with mental health outcomes. SEM revealed an association between higher mental health knowledge and better attitudes towards mental health and help‐seeking behaviours but did not show a significant association with depression and anxiety.

Conclusions

Findings emphasise the need for holistic and culturally safe approaches to address adolescent mental health in Indonesia.

Implications

Future research should focus on developing and evaluating tailored mental health interventions in Indonesia that address individual, family, school, and community factors. These interventions should target the interrelated aspects of mental health literacy, depression, and anxiety identified in this study. Key areas for intervention include enhancing self‐esteem, promoting help‐seeking behaviours, supporting spirituality, managing long‐term conditions, improving sleep hygiene, encouraging physical activity, teaching stress management techniques, fostering diversity, managing trauma, and combating discrimination. A comprehensive approach to adolescent mental well‐being should integrate parental involvement, peer support systems, community engagement initiatives, and mental health literacy education.

Impact

This research informs future interventions such as school‐based programs, family‐oriented campaigns, and community initiatives to support adolescent mental health, potentially influencing policy decisions, and resource allocation in mental health services.

Reporting Method

STROBE guidelines.

Patient or Public Contribution

No direct patient or public contribution.
Evaluating Intervention Reporting in Nursing Journal RCTs Using the TIDieR Checklist: A Cross‐Sectional Study
Authors: Cao Liujiao , Liu Wenhao , Yao Liang , He Wenbo , Yin Zhe , Li Ka , Tam Wilson
Published: January 2025

Aim

To assess the completeness of intervention reporting in randomised controlled trials (RCTs) published in nursing journals based on the Template for Intervention Description and Replication (TIDieR) checklist.

Design

A cross‐sectional study.

Methods

RCTs published in English in nursing journals between January 2022 and December 2022 were identified through PubMed. Title‐ and abstract‐screening were undertaken independently by two reviewers to select eligible trials, from which data were extracted. Reports of interventions were likewise independently evaluated based on the TIDieR checklist. Binary logistic regression analysis was performed to investigate potential predictors for the compliance of TIDieR.

Results

Our analysis included 303 eligible trials, which generally adhered to most items on the TIDieR checklist, though adherence varied across the trials. Slightly fewer than half of the trials demonstrated good reporting quality. Poor reporting was associated in areas such as modifications, tailoring, and the type of locations where the intervention occurred. Additionally, suboptimal reporting on intervention adherence was noted. Compliance with TIDieR was found to be influenced by factors such as funding availability and the journal's ranking.

Conclusions

Our study revealed suboptimal reporting of the TIDieR items in RCTs published in nursing journals. More rigorous adherence to the TIDieR checklist is needed to improve the quality of intervention reporting. Additionally, comparing adherence before and after the implementation of TIDieR may be considered in future investigations.

Impact

This paper represents the first study to appraise the reporting quality of RCTs in nursing journals based on the TIDieR checklist. Evidence of suboptimal compliance of RCTs to the TIDieR checklist items is presented.

Patient or Public Contributions

No patient or public contribution applied.
No Right to an Open Future
Authors: Millum Joseph
Published: January 2025

Liberals writing about the family frequently cite the child's ‘right to an open future’ in discussions of the ethics of parental decision‐making for young children. This purported right grounds certain claims on behalf of children in considerations related to their future autonomy. In this article, I argue that there is no compelling argument in favor of a distinctive ‘right to an open future’ construed as either a negative or a positive right. Insofar as claims made about the content of this purported right are justified, they can be grounded in the interests of the child or in other uncontroversial rights. Talk of a ‘right to an open future’ serves only to obscure the ethical considerations that actually matter and citing the right is not helpful in deciding what may or should be done. I illustrate this claim by reference to two examples of how the ‘right to an open future’ has been applied: one regarding genetic testing for adult‐onset disorders and one regarding selection for disabilities.
Effect of Visual Programming Instruction on Students' Flow Experience, Programming Self‐Efficacy, and Sustained Willingness to Learn
Authors: Huang Chiao Ling , Fu Lianzi , Hung Shih‐Chieh , Yang Shu Ching
Published: January 2025

Background

Many studies have highlighted the positive effects of visual programming instruction (VPI) on students' learning experiences, programming self‐efficacy and flow experience. However, there is a notable gap in the research on how these factors specifically impact programming achievement and learning intentions. Our study addresses this gap by focusing on flowchart‐based programming—a relatively underexplored area in educational research. To ensure relevance to the educational context, AbilixChart and Ability Storm SK902 were specifically selected for their alignment with the curriculum of the target school, where these tools are widely utilised in both teaching and extracurricular activities. This alignment allowed for a seamless integration of these tools into regular classroom practices after the study's conclusion, ensuring continued application and maximising the study's practical impact. Furthermore, integrating educational robots enhanced student engagement and provided a practical means to evaluate the accuracy of their programming skills. By doing so, our study not only contributes to filling a gap in the literature but also has the potential to influence educational practices by demonstrating the value of incorporating flowchart‐based programming and robotics into the curriculum.

Objectives

The present study aims to conduct an instructional experiment utilising VPI with flowchart‐based programming tools. The main objective is to investigate how these tools influence 219 high school students' flow experience, programming self‐efficacy, and sustained learning willingness.

Methods

This study employed a pre‐ and post‐test design with a single group and conducted an 11‐week instructional experiment. The students used the Abilix Chart software and the Ability Storm SK902 kit to build an intelligent car and learn about visual programming. They were tasked with independently designing programs to solve practical problems in different scenarios. Research tools included Scales of Flow Experience, Computer Programming Self‐Efficacy, Sustained Learning Willingness and Program Achievement.

Results

The findings revealed that VPI effectively improved students' programming achievement, flow experience and programming self‐efficacy. Students with programming learning experience surpassed their inexperienced peers in willingness to engage in sustained learning. Conversely, 4.57% of the group with lower pre‐test scores and no learning experience showed more positive emotional experience than those with learning experience.

Conclusions

The results indicated that VPI positively affected programming achievement, self‐efficacy and flow experience. Regardless of prior programming experience, all students benefited from VPI. Additionally, self‐efficacy and flow experience were key factors influencing sustained learning motivation and achievement.
Impact of Sodium‐Glucose Co‐Transporter 2 Inhibitors on Atrial Fibrillation Recurrence Post‐Catheter Ablation Among Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Systematic Review and Meta‐Analysis
Authors: Abdelhadi Naser A. , Ragab Khaled Mohamed , Elkholy Mohammed , Koneru Jayanthi , Ellenbogen Kenneth A. , Pillai Ajay
Published: January 2025

Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most common cause of arrhythmia‐induced cardiomyopathy. Effective management strategies include medical therapy for rate and rhythm control, catheter ablation (CA), and goal‐directed medical therapy. Sodium‐glucose co‐transporter 2 inhibitors (SGLT2i), a novel class of antidiabetic drugs, have shown a promising impact in reducing cardiovascular events in diabetic and nondiabetic heart failure (HF) patients. It is unclear what impact SGLT2i use may have on AF recurrence following CA. To evaluate the effects of SGLT2i on preventing AF recurrence following CA and its impact on other cardiovascular outcomes. We performed a comprehensive literature search through multiple search engines (PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Cochrane) to include eligible studies using the appropriate keywords until 10 April 2024. Our search yielded nine eligible studies with 16 857 patients. Our analysis reveals a significant reduction in AF recurrence after CA among patients receiving SGLT2i compared to non‐SGLT2i medications (RR = 0.72, 95% CI [0.67–0.78], p < 0.00001). Additionally, SGLT2i therapy was associated with decreased all‐cause hospitalizations and reduced risk of ischemic stroke. However, no significant difference in all‐cause mortality was observed between SGLT2i and non‐SGLT2i groups. Our study found that SGLT2 inhibitors significantly reduced AF recurrence post‐CA in diabetic patients. Moreover, SGLT2i use was associated with lowered hospitalization and ischemic stroke risk. Though no significant difference in mortality was noted, the decrease in hospitalization suggests a possible favorable effect on cardiovascular events.
Characterization of NK Cells Using Single‐Cell RNA Sequencing in Patients With Acute‐On‐Chronic Liver Failure
Authors: Zhao Ninghui , Wang Han , Zhang Miaoxin , Tian Wei , Liu Yulong , Tian Dean , Yao Jia , Liu Mei
Published: January 2025

Background and Aim

Acute‐on‐chronic liver failure (ACLF) is characterized by fast progression and high mortality, with systemic inflammation and immune paralysis as its key events. While natural killer (NK) cells are key innate immune cells, their unique function and subpopulation heterogeneity in ACLF have not been fully elucidated. This study aimed to investigate the characteristics of NK cell subsets in the peripheral blood of patients with ACLF and determine their roles in the inflammatory responses.

Methods

Circulating NK cells (14 751 cells) from patients with ACLF and healthy controls (HCs) were subjected to single‐cell RNA sequencing (scRNA‐seq). Clustering and annotation were used to identify the features of NK cell subsets and the characteristics of disease progression in ACLF.

Results

Four NK cell subsets were obtained, including adaptive NK cells, mature NK cells, inflamed NK cells, and CD56bright NK cells. Compared with the HCs, the patients with ACLF had a significantly lower proportion of Mature NK cells and a higher proportion of Inflamed NK cells. Quasi‐temporal analysis showed that Inflamed NK cells were highly enriched in the late quasi‐temporal sequence, and genes related to pro‐inflammatory were significantly up‐regulated in Inflamed NK cells. In addition, scRNA‐seq and flow cytometry confirmed that the expression level of cell migration inducing hyaluronidase 2 (CEMIP2) in NK cells progressively increased from the HC group to the ACLF survival group and then to the ACLF death group.

Conclusions

scRNA‐seq reveals that Inflamed NK cell subsets are associated with ACLF progression and poor prognosis. CEMIP2 may be a molecular marker for ACLF progression.
Genetically Confirmed Optimal Causal Association of Cerebrospinal Fluid Metabolites With Hemorrhagic Stroke
Authors: Shen Yingjie , Wang Yaolou , Shen Yongze , Zhang Xi , Yu Zhao , Xu Hangjia , Lin Tie , Rong Yiwei , Guo Chunmei , Gao Aili , Liang Hongsheng
Published: January 2025

Hemorrhagic stroke (HS) mainly includes intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) and subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH), both of which seriously affect the patient's prognosis. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) metabolites and HS showed a link in observational studies. However, the causal association between them is not clear. We aimed to establish the optimal causality of CSF metabolites with HS. Mendelian randomization (MR) was employed to identify associations between CSF metabolites and different sources of HS. Univariable MR and false discovery rates (FDR) were used to identify initial causal associations. Linkage disequilibrium score regression determined genetic correlations. Multiple sensitive analyses ensured the reliability of the results. Multivariable MR and MR Bayesian Model Averaging were used to identify the optimal causal associations. The combined effects of metabolites and HS were assessed by meta‐analyses. Pathway analyses were performed to identify potential pathways of action. Reverse MR was also conducted to identify reverse causal associations. Finally, Corresponding blood metabolites were used to explore the multiple roles of metabolites. We identified 20 CSF metabolites and six metabolic pathways associated with ICH; 15 CSF metabolites and three metabolic pathways associated with SAH. Nineteen and seven metabolites were causally associated with deep and lobar ICH, respectively. CSF levels of mannose (OR 0.63; 95% CI 0.45–0.88; Pcombined = 0.0059) and N‐acetyltaurine (OR 0.68; 95% CI 0.47–0.98; Pcombined = 0.0395) may serve as the optimal exposures for ICH and SAH, respectively. Additionally, CSF ascorbic acid 3‐sulfate levels significantly decrease the risk of deep ICH (OR 0.79; 95% CI 0.66–0.94; p = 0.0065; PFDR = 0.091). Supplemental analysis of blood metabolites suggested multiple roles for CSF and blood N‐formylanthranilic acid and hippurate. There are significant causal associations between CSF metabolites and HS, which provides a further rationale for the prevention and monitoring of ICH and SAH.

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Caregiving Satisfaction, Psychological Distress and Caregiver Burden in Family Caregivers of Dependent Older People: A Longitudinal Study
Authors: López‐Martínez Catalina , Orgeta Vasiliki , Gutiérrez‐Sánchez Belén , Del‐Pino‐Casado Rafael
Published: January 2025

Background and Objectives

Although a substantial amount of research has focused on negative aspects of caregiving, less research has been conducted investigating positive aspects of providing informal care. The aim of this study was to investigate the longitudinal association between caregiving satisfaction and psychological distress in informal carers of dependent older people, and whether this relationship is mediated by caregiver burden.

Research Design and Methods

Prospective longitudinal study with a probabilistic sample of 332 caregivers of older relatives, with data collected at baseline and at 1‐year follow‐up. We measured caregiving satisfaction, psychological distress, subjective caregiver burden and several covariates (caregivers' sex, age and objective caregiver burden). Data were analysed using generalised estimation equations with multiple imputation. The STROBE checklist was used to support the writing of this document.

Results

After controlling for covariates, caregiving satisfaction was significantly negatively associated with lower levels of subjective caregiver burden (B = −0.17, 95% CI: −0.23, −0.11) and emotional distress (B = −0.23, 95% CI: −0.36, −0.11). When subjective burden was included in the model, the relationship between caregiving satisfaction and psychological distress was no longer significant (B = −0.11, 95% CI: −0.23, 0.02), whereas the association between subjective burden and psychological distress remained (B = 0.75, 95% CI: 0.57, 0.92). The Sobel test confirmed these results (p < 0.001), indicating that subjective caregiver burden mediates the relationship between caregiving satisfaction and psychological distress (complete mediation) over time.

Discussion and Implications

Caregiving satisfaction exerts a longitudinal protective effect on carers' psychological distress via subjective burden. Our findings indicate that interventions aimed at strengthening caregiving satisfaction may play a significant role in maintaining positive mental health outcomes for informal caregivers.