bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Identification of stable genotypes for grain yield and its components in mungbean (Vigna radiata)
Authors: KUMAR SANJEEV , CHOUDHARY H K , SINGH ANJANI KUMAR
Published: July 2022

The present study was conducted at the experimental farm of Advanced Centre for Rainfed Agriculture (ACRA)Dhiansar of SKUAST- Jammu during rainy (kharif) season 2016, 2017 and 2018 for identification of most stablemungbean (Vigna radiata L.) genotypes in diverse environments (E1, E2 and E3). Genotype Pusa Vishal exhibitedregression coefficient equal to unity (b=0) with non-significant deviation from regression coefficient and hence showed wider adaptability under poor or good environments. Genotype EC520016 showed earliness in maturity with wider adaptability. Environmental indices indicated that environment E2 and E3 were most favourable for yield and majority of yield attributing traits whereas E3 alone was important for seed yield per plant. Based on AMMI models, G9, G1, G3, G4 and G8 exhibited higher IPCA scores coupled with high population mean in E3. On the basis of AMMI2, G12 and G22 exhibited high IPCA1 in E3 and G6, G17 and G9 exhibited high IPCA2 in the same environment. G3, G18 and G19 were present very close to centre point and were least affected by G×E interactions and their performance was not affected by harsh environments and G4, G18 and G22 were present away from the point of centre and were more affected by G × E interactions and not stable in performance. Hence, the selected genotypes may be utilized in Vigna radiata (L.) improvement programme at targeted environments with true type of breeding lines.
Evaluating the trade-offs and sustainability of minimum tillage and crop-residue addition for food production in the dryland tropics
Authors: ADITI KUMARI , CHANDER GIRISH , LAXMINARAYANA P , REDDY S NARENDER , PADMAJA G , WANI S P , DIXIT S
Published: July 2022

A long-term study was carried out at ICRISAT farm, Patancheru (India) during rainy (kharif) season 2009–18with an objective to evaluate impact of tillage (minimum/conventional) and residue (addition/removal) management practices on production capacity and sustainability of maize-chickpea sequential and maize+pigeonpea intercropping systems. The experiment was laid out in spilt plot design with 4 replications. The effects of residue addition were inconsistent till the third year of experiment. However, yield benefits from residue addition became apparent fourth year onwards. After 7 years, residue addition showed significant yield benefits to the tune of 9–25% during 2016–17 (8th cropping cycle) and 18–31% during 2017–18 (9th cropping cycle) in both cropping systems. Residue addition also resulted in additional net income of `16,900/ha to `22,980/ha compared to no-residue addition. Minimum tillage in general tended to result in yield loss over normal tillage since beginning. During 8th and 9th cropping cycles, there was net annual loss up to `5400/ha under minimum tillage. Alongside productivity and economic benefits, at the end of 8th year i.e. 2016–17, residue addition showed improved soil health and sequestered around 300 kg carbon/ha/year.
Groundwater quality parameters for irrigation utilization
Authors: DIMPLE  , MITTAL HEMANT KUMAR , SINGH PRADEEP KUMAR , YADAV K K , BHAKAR SITA RAM , RAJPUT JITENDRA
Published: July 2022

Globally, groundwater is utilized indiscriminately to fulfill the water demands of different sectors. This uncontrolled use has amounted to a downward trend in the groundwater table and the imbalance of this vital resource quantity and quality in the environment. Groundwater quality is crucial not only to human health but also to optimize crop yields. Human-induced contaminants andÂ insufficient correctiveÂ measures degrade groundwater quality. This article reviews various water quality parameters for irrigation and the impacts of low-quality water on crop yield and soil properties. Water quality is quantified and analyzed as per the water's intent. Indicators for the water quality evaluation include, in particular, the salinity hazards, sodium hazard, salt level, alkalinity hazards, permeability hazards, and ion-specific toxicity hazards. Improper irrigation water use has, in some cases, disordered soil and water quality. Proper attention must be given to manage low water quality and adequate drainage for soil affected by salts. This review paper illustrates the key parameters that affect crop yield and soil quality. This review article aims to enable the reader to comprehend better the effects of water quality on Soil and crops and guide in deciding appropriate possible solutions to address probable water quality threats that could lower yield under prevalent use conditions
Assessment of agro-morphological and molecular diversity among Indian mustard (Brasssica juncea) genotypes
Authors: SHEKHAWAT NEELAM , SHARMA HEMLATA , SHEKHAWAT RAVINDRA SINGH
Published: July 2022

An experiment was conducted in randomized block design with three replications during winter (rabi) season2015–16 at Instructional farm, RCA, MPUAT, Udaipur. Genetic diversity of the 10 Indian mustard [Brassica juncea(L.) Czern. & Coss] varieties was evaluated by Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA markers and morphologicalcharacters. Fifteen RAPD primers were used out of which three were amplified. These three amplified primers produced total 148 amplicons, of which 128 amplicons (86.48%) were polymorphic. The polymorphic information content value ranged from 87.50% (OPA-2) to 100% (OPA-11) with an average of 93.33%. A dendrogram based on UPGMA analysis separated 10 Indian mustard varieties in four clusters at 0.58 similarity coefficient. Genetic divergence using Mahalanobis D2 statistics was worked out and based on D2 values, the varieties were grouped into four different clusters. Cluster 1 included maximum (seven) genotypes and cluster 2, 3 and 4 had only one genotype. Maximum divergence was observed between clusters 1 and 4 followed by cluster 1 and 2. Number of siliquae per plant was the main trait contributing to this divergence followed by test weight, seed yield per plant, number of seeds per siliqua, days to 50% flowering and number of secondary branches per plant. The genotypes PM-27 and Pusa Vijay were the most diverse on the basis of UPGMA clustering analysis and genotypes PM-27 and Bio-902 were most divergent on the basis of D2 value clustering. The results obtained can be utilized in hybridization and selection for breeding programmes.
Production and Marketing of Organic Vegetables on a CV. Rahayu in Sidera Village, Sigi Biromaru District, Sigi Regency
Authors: Endah Wahyunuing Asih
Published: July 2022

Organic vegetable production in Indonesia is experiencing rapid development. The global market demands organic products to meet safety for consumption, have high nutrition, and are environmentally friendly. Various kinds of organic vegetables are widely cultivated, especially in tropical climates. What factors affect the production of organic vegetables, and how is the marketing margin of organic vegetables between CV. Rahayu and Carrefour Based on the description of the discussion above, it can be concluded that: The factors of organic vegetable production include: labor, use of fertilizers, use of pesticides, use of seeds and irrigation costs, and marketing of organic vegetable CV. Rahayu is marketed to the modern market, with an average marketing margin of 19.43% or an average of Rp. 1,070.
Strategi Rumah Quran Ihsan Palu dalam Membina Taman Pengajian di Kelurahan Tanamodindi Kecematan Mantikulore Kota Palu
Authors: J Fathur Rachman , Masdul Muh. Rizal , Gazali Gazali
Published: July 2022

Penelitian ini membahas hasil studi tentang strategi Rumah Quran Ihsan Palu Dalam Membina Taman Pengajian Di Kelurahan Tanamodindi Kecematan Mantikulore Lota Palu Dengan Pokok Bahasan Bagaimana Strategi Rumah Quran Ihsan Palu dalam membina taman pengajian di Kelurahan Tanamodindi Kecamatan Mantikulore Kota Palu dan Implikasi strategi Rumah Quran Ihsan Palu dalam membina taman pengajian di Kelurahan Tanamodindi Kecamatan Mantikulure Kota Palu. Adapun tujuan dari penelitian. Pertama, untuk mengetahui strategi Strategi Rumah Quran Ihsan Palu dalam membina taman pengajian di Kelurahan Tanamodindi Kecamatan Mantikulore Kota Palu. Kedua, untuk mengetahui implikasi strategi Rumah Quran Ihsan Palu dalam membina taman pengajian di Kelurahan Tanamodindi Kecamatan Mantikulure Kota Palu. Metode yang digunakan kualitatif dan bersifat deskriftip-analisis. Penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa strategi yang digunakan adalah Metode meniru, metode pengenalan, metode tanpa mengeja, metode suara, metode tanda baca, dan metode pengenalan tajwid.
Hubungan Karakteristik Demografik Dengan Niat Melakukan Hubungan Seksual Pranikah Pada Remaja Laki-Laki Indonesia
Authors: Maruf Mohammad Ainul , Richter Kerry , Soonthorndada Amara
Published: July 2022

Persentase laki-laki muda yang belum menikah memiliki pengalaman seksual meningkat dari 6% pada tahun 2007 menjadi 8% pada tahun 2012. Perilaku seks sebelum menikah lebih diterima diantara laki-laki muda sementara itu pendidikan seksual yang komprehensif belum diterapkan secara menyeluruh dalam kurikulum pendidikan nasional dan belum merata di semua daerah. Hal ini menghalangi anak muda untuk mendapatkan informasi yang benar. Penelitian ini menguji hubungan antara karakteristik demografik dengan niat untuk melakukan hubungan seksual pranikah pada remaja laki-laki usia 15 hingga 24 tahun di Indonesia. Data didapatkan dari Survei Demografi dan Kesehatan Indonesia tahun 2012. Sebanyak 9,109 responden terpilih untuk dianalisis. Analisis data terdiri dari analisis deskriptif dan analisis bivariat dengan menggunakan uji chi-square. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan ada sekitar 21.1% remaja laki-laki yang mengungkapkan bahwa mereka berniat untuk melakukan hubungan seksual sebelum menikah. Niat tersebut ditemukan lebih umum diantara mereka yang berusia 20-24 tahun. Hasil uji bivariat menunjukkan bahwa ada hubungan antara kelompok usia, tingkat pendidikan, daerah tempat tinggal sebagai proxy dari agama dan status tempat tinggal dengan niat melakukan hubungan seksual. Temuan ini menyarankan perlunya pendekatan yang beragam dalam penerapan pendidikan seksualitas pada remaja.
Analisis Faktor Kelengkapan Imunisasi Dasar Pada Balita Di Wilayah Kerja Puskesmas Cempaka Banjarmasin
Authors: Riza Yeni , Norfai Norfai , Mirnawati Mirnawati
Published: July 2022

Imunisasi merupakan salah satu bentuk intervensi kesehatan yang sangat efektif dalam upaya menurunkan angka kematian bayi dan balita. Puskesmas Cempaka Banjarmasin dari tahun 2015-2017 mengalami peningkatan pencapaian setiap tahunnya walaupun dengan persentase yang tidak terlalu signifikan pada tahun 2015 sebesar 89,7%, 2016 sebesar 96,1%, 2017 sebesar 102,9%. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui dan menganalisis hubungan pengetahuan, tingkat pendidikan, dan dukungan suami dengan kelengkapan imunisasi dasar pada balita di wilayah kerja Puskesmas Cempaka Banjarmasin tahun 2018. Penelitian ini menggunakan survei analitik dengan pendekatan cross sectional. Besar sampel yang di dapatkan sebanyak 54 responden dengan cara pengambilan sampel menggunakan accidental sampling. Instrument penelitian yang digunakan yaitu, kuesioner dan wawancara secara langsung kepada responden yang berkunjung ke Puskesmas Cempaka Banjarmasin. Analisis data menggunakan uji statistik Chi square dengan tingkat kepercayaan 95%. Berdasarkan hasil uji statistik menunjukkan bahwa terdapat hubungan yang bermakna antara pengetahuan dengan kelengkapan imunisasi dasar pada balita di wilayah kerja Puskesmas Cempaka Banjarmasin tahun 2018 dengan (nilai p value = 0,000 ˂ α 0,05) dan terdapat hubungan yang bermakna antara dukungan suami dengan kelengkapan imunisasi dasar pada balita di wilayah kerja Puskesmas Cempaka Banjarmasin tahun 2018 dengan (nilai p value = 0,000 ˂ α 0,05), sedangkan variabel yang tidak berhubungan dengan kelengkapan imunisasi dasar pada balita adalah tingkat pendidikan dengan (nilai p value = 1,000 ˃ α 0,05). Perlunya peningkatan frekuensi penyuluhan oleh petugas kesehatan kepada kader posyandu ataupun masyarakat langsung tentang manfaat imunisasi dasar, dampak jika anak tidak mendapatkan imunisasi dasar dan tujuan pemberian imunisasi dasar.
FORAGE YIELD, ELONGATION RATE AND BOTANICAL COMPOSITION OF Lolium multiflorum LAMB. IN RESPONSE TO DIFFERENT GRAZING INTERVALS AND INTEN
Authors: Tilus Guidsam , Zinn R.A. , Joseph M. , Chay Canul Alfonso Juventino , Santillano-Cazares J. , Galicia-Juarez M. , Tilus M.L. , Tilus D. , Estrada-Delgado E.E. , Montaño-Gomez M.F.
Published: July 2022

Background. The intensity and grazing interval are two very important factors in the management of grasslands that can affect the morphological and productive behavior of the forage species. Due to its productivity and persistence to grazing, ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum Lamb.) is the main source of pasture for backgrounding cattle during winter-spring in northwestern México. Therefore, it is important to generate knowledge of established pasture with grasses to generate information that will serve producers to improve the economic profitability of livestock activities. Objective. The objective of this study was to evaluate the influence of grazing intensity (GI) and grazing interval (GIv) on forage yield, elongation rate and botanical composition of ryegrass, under ambient conditions of this arid region. Hypothesis. It is evident to observe that GIv and GI modify the forage yield, elongation rate and botanical composition of L. multiflorum established in irrigated grassland in temperate climate zones. Methodology. The study involved 1008 crossed bull calves (Bos indicus ˣ Bos taurus) of 16 months of age. Calves were distributed in a 3 ˣ 2 factorial arrangement in an RCB design, with three repetitions. Three GIv (21, 28 and 35-d) and two GI (grazed to 4 to 6 cm vs 10 to 12 cm) were evaluated. This 105-d trial was initiated on January 16, 2019, 90 days post-planting and finished on May 01, 2019, using an intensive grazing system with stocking rate of 56 calves per ha. The main effects of grazing interval were evaluated by means of orthogonal polynomials. Results. Forage yield increased linearly (P<0.01) with increasing GIv; whereas with GIv of 28 and 35 days, yield increased with increased GI (interaction, P< 0.01). Stem contribution to yield increased linearly (P<.01) with increasing GIv. Forage lef to stem ratio decreased with increasing GIv and GI; however, at 28-d GIv, GI did not affect this ratio. Implications. The results of the present study contribute to know the productive parameters of an established L. multiflorum meadow in zones of arid climates under two intensities and three grazing intervals. Conclusions. In conclusion, both grazing intensity and grazing interval are effective management tools to modify ryegrass performance during the hot ambient conditions of the Sonoran Desert region, associated with late-spring grazing period.
DROUGHT COPING STRATEGIES BY SMALLHOLDER CATTLE FARMERS IN ZIMBABWE
Authors: Washaya Soul , Muchaurawa Prince Dieter , Washaya Dorine Dorcas
Published: July 2022

Background: The severity of drought in sub-Saharan Africa has led to crop failure and high mortalities of cattle. For decade’s drought-induced losses have been a persistent struggle for herded animals on rangelands. Persistent droughts have caused significant cattle losses, yet drought warning signs are not communicated in time to prepare farmers for adaptation and or mitigation. Objective: To analyse the adoption of drought coping strategies by smallholder beef farmers in Zaka District. Methodology: The sustainable livelihood framework guided the study in assessing the community adaptive strategies. Multi-stage cluster sampling method was employed and questionnaires were used to collect data. A chi-square test was used to evaluate the association between demographic characteristics and drought copping and mitigation strategies. A logit model and maximum likelihood estimation procedure was used to analyse the factors influencing adoption. Results: The results indicated that age and education status influenced (P < 0.05) drought copping strategies. Cattle disease and droughts were the major causes of cattle loses 38 and 35% respectively. Supplementary feeding, cattle disposal and lease grazing major were the adopted strategies. It was also found that farmer education level and access to agricultural training influenced adoption (P < 0.05). Cattle mortality, drought experience and crop losses are driving factors to adoption. Purchase of food items and its payment of medical bills are the major (P<0.05) reasons for selling beef cattle. Implications: Given the forecasts of future drought cycles, it is imperative that farmer’s establishment of drought feeding schemes, forage harvesting, investing in commercial protein supplements and communal breeding programs for drought-tolerant cattle be implemented. Conclusion: Cattle disposal, supplementary feeding and lease grazing are the adopted drought mitigatory strategies by beef communal farmers, yet these are only short term. Long term grazing strategies are recommended in order to reduce further cattle losses.
EFECTO DEL ESPACIO DE ALOJAMIENTO SOBRE EL CRECIMIENTO DE CORDERAS DE PELO EN CORRALES DE PISO ELEVAD
Authors: Vázquez-Martínez Ignacio , Ek-Mex Jesús Enrique , Estrada-León Raciel , Herrera-Camacho José , Muñoz-Osorio Germani Adrián , Ramírez-Bautista Marco Antonio , Chay-Canul Alfonso Juventino
Published: July 2022

Background. The study of space allowance (m2) per animal is important, due in current production systems different group sizes are used throughout the year, without knowing their possible effects on daily weight gain and growth during the fattening period. Objective. The effect of space allowance on the growth of hair lambs in raised-slatted floor cages was determined. Methodology. Data from 527 daily weight gains (DWG) and weights adjusted at 60 (P60) days post-weaning of female lambs from commercial crossbreds between hair breeds were analyzed. The statistical model included fixed effects of space allowance (AL; 0.69, 0.64-0.60 and 0.56 m2/animal), year (A; 2012 and 2013), seasons of the year (EA; rainy and north) and the interaction on DWG and P60. The initial body weight was included as co-variate. Results. AL, A and interactions A × EA affected the dependent variables evaluated (P <0.05). AL larger (0.69 m2) and intermediate (0.64-0.60 m2) had similar growth (P >0.05); these groups, in turn, were the ones that obtained the highest DWG and P60 compared to smaller AL (0.56 m2). Higher growth of the female lambs was observed in the year 2012 compared to 2013. EA had no significant effect (P >0.05). Implications. The availability of the space allowance implies the quantity and quality, including the area occupied by the feeder and drinker. Conclusion. Under the conditions of the present study, AL should be adjusted between 0.69 and 0.60 m2/female lambs and that A and A × EA interaction can play an important role in animal growth.
PERFORMANCE AND FARMERS PARTICIPATORY SELECTION OF COWPEA VARIETIES IN SOUTHERN ETHIOPIA
Authors: Goa Yasin , Worku W. , Mohammed H. , Urage E.
Published: July 2022

Background. Farmers’ participation in varietal selection process is important to collect the actual feedbacks on their performance in the field and hastens promotion and popularization of technologies. The study was conducted during 2016-2017 main cropping seasons in Gofa district of southern Ethiopia. Objective. To assess and select superior cowpea variety (ies) that meet needs of farmers and preferences through farmers’ participation. Methodology. Data on agronomic traits were collected on plant and plot basis whereas at maturity and post harvest stages, farmers were requested to evaluate each variety. Eight cowpea varieties were laid out in a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replicates on the Gofa research station and additional unreplicated block at three nominated farmers’ fields from each testing site. Results. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) showed the existence of significant differences (p<0.05) among the tested varieties for all the measured agronomic traits. Combined mean values showed that Brazil-3 (1.65 t ha-1), Brazil-2 (1.62 t ha-1), Kenketi (1.53 t ha-1), and bole (1.52 t ha-1) were high-yielding varieties with a yield advantage of 3.9 to 12.2 % more than the check variety white wonderer trailing. In case of farmers’ evaluation using direct matrix and pair-wise ranking methods showed that Kenketi, Brazil-3, Brazil-2, and Bole were the most preferred varieties. The rank correlation analysis between varieties’ ranked by farmers and the varieties’ grain yield rank was positive across the tested villages. Implication. These results lead to identify the farmers’ screening criteria needs to be incorporated into new varieties being developed which will contribute considerably to increased acceptance of improved cowpea varieties among smallholder farmers across the growing areas of southern Ethiopia.Conclusion. The results of this study have confirmed the need for researchers to incorporate farmers’ preferred traits in cowpea improvement programmes. The study also identified cowpea varieties Brazil-3, Brazil-2, Kenketi and Bole as potential ones that can be recommended for further demonstration, popularization, and dissemination on farmers’ fields to improve cowpea productivity in southern Ethiopia.
COMPOSICIÓN ELEMENTAL Y DE METALES PESADOS EN LOS RESIDUOS DE PALMA EN LA AMAZONIA PERU
Authors: Arbaiza-Peña Angel Kelsen , Panduro-Pisco Grober , Díaz-Zúñiga Edgar , Guadalupe-Baylon Noé Klever , Angulo-García Norberto , Iannacone Jose
Published: July 2022

Background. The Peruvian Amazon has an area of 74,739 ha oil palm in 2019, which during the palm oil extraction process generates large amounts of solid agro-industrial waste (Empty Fruit Bunch [EFB] and Oil palm fiber [OPF]) which, due to not having proper management and being exposed to open sky is the cause of atmospheric, hydrological and terrestrial pollution. This problem could be seen as an opportunity to exploit agricultural soils. Objective. Determine the elemental composition and heavy metal content of the EFB and OPF in palm residues of the Peruvian Amazon. Methodology. The population was made up of 19.39 t day-1 of EFB and 12.48 t day-1 of OPF from the fruit extracted from the INDOLMA SA industry, district of Neshuya, Peru. The analyzes were carried out by UV-VIS spectrophotometry for P and K; Kjeldahl method for N; for humidity, the humidity balance - PCE Iberian was used and the potentiometer for the measurement of pH and the Atomic Adsorption Spectrophotometry (AAS) for heavy metals Cd, Pb, Cr, Ni, As and Hg. Results. The concentrations of the elemental content (NPK) did not present statistically significant differences between the variables, while the heavy metals in Cd, Ni, Cr and Pb in EFB were higher than that found for the OPF. However, it was the opposite with As, showing significant differences, while the presence of Hg was below the detection limits. Implications. Knowing the nutritional and heavy metal characteristics has the function that new sustainable technologies can be proposed using this raw material of organic origin that are adapted to the quality of its properties. Conclusions. The values indicate the good performance of the elemental content in the EFB and OPF, but the presence of heavy metals, especially Cd and Ni, is high in the studied residues.
EVALUACIÓN DE LOS PATRONES DE FERMENTACIÓN IN VITRO Y PRODUCCIÓN DE METANO DE VAINA DE MEZQUITE (Prosopis spp.
Authors: Rodríguez Oscar Enrique Del Razo , Hernández Juan Carlos Ángeles , Chaparro Augusto Lizarazo , Téllez José Manuel Elizalde , Canul Alfonso Juventino Chay , Guerrero Verónica Rodríguez , Montoya Joaquín Castro
Published: July 2022

Background. Mesquite is a shrubby legume that dominates the vegetation of arid regions with multiple benefits in controlling erosive process, improving micrometeorology, and as feed source for livestock species. In addition, mesquite pods contain secondary components that could represent an option to mitigate emissions of enteric methane in ruminants. Objective. To evaluate in vitro fermentation patterns and methane production of mesquite pods (Prosopis spp.) in the arid ecoregion of the State of Hidalgo. Methodology. Mesquite pod samples were obtained from four municipalities in the arid ecoregion of the state of Hidalgo: Actopan (ACT), Tula de Allende (TUL), San Salvador (SAL) and Zimapán (ZIM). In vitro fermentation of the mesquite pods was carried out during 72 h to 39 °C in a culture medium with ruminal bacteria and mineral solutions. The fractional gas volume (Vf), cumulated gas volume (Va), maximum volume (V), gas production rate (S) and lag time (L) were calculated. The volume of methane was quantified by displacement of a NaOH 2N solution. Results. Some chemical composition characteristics of the mesquite pods were different between municipalities. V showed significant differences between localities (p≤0.05), with mesquite pods collected in SAL showing the highest values (163.2 mL g-1 MS). A municipality x time interaction was observed for Vf (p≤0.05) and differences between municipalities were observed. The values of volume partial of CH4 observed at 24 hours were different between collection sites (p≤0.05), with higher emission values observed in mesquite pods collected in SAL (16.3 mL/g MS) and ACT (17.3 mL/g MS). Conclusion. The results of the current study provide evidence of differences of in vitro fermentation patterns and methane emissions from the mesquite pods regarding to origin place. Implications. These results should be considered in the design and implementation of future nutritional and greenhouse gas mitigation strategies.
EFECTO DE LA ADICIÓN DE MORINGA (Moringa oleífera) EN LA DIETA DE GALLINAS SEMIPESADAS SOBRE LA RECUPERACIÓN POST PELECHA Y CALIDAD DEL HUEVO
Authors: Romero-Yerena Armando , Arellano-Perez Lina Marisol , Posada-Sosa-y-Silva Maria Luisa , Rodriguez-Murillo Baudelio , Palacios Alejandro
Published: July 2022

Background. The nutrient content of Moringa oleifera, such as vitamin A and B, calcium, iron, copper, carbohydrates and protein, make this shrub an option as a supplement in poultry feed. Objective. To evaluate the effect of the incorporation of three levels of Moringa oleifera in the diet of semi-heavy Plymouth Rock hens, on post-moult recovery and egg quality. Methodology. Ten hens per treatment were randomly assigned to one of three levels of moringa (0%, 3% and 6%, for T1, T2 and T3, respectively), 11d after the start of the moult a corn-based diet was provided, plus the percentage of moringa corresponding to each treatment. According to the moult method used, 10 g were increased every two days until completing 20 d and / or reaching 120 g of feed per bird. On day 31, the laying diet plus moringa was restarted for 20 more days. The hens and the egg were weighed, registering the following variables: number, weight, measurements (width and length) of the egg, weight of the hen, breast measurements (length and width), culling test (horizontal and vertical), feed consumption, pH, height and diameter of the white and the yolk, and thickness of the shell. Results. No significant differences (P> 0.05) were observed between the aforementioned variables, except for the thickness of the shell, which was thicker (P <0.05) for the eggs produced by the hens subjected to the T2 and T3 treatments. Implications. Moringa oleifera is a viable option to replace soy or fish meal as a source of protein in poultry feed, in addition to improving the quality of the egg in relation to its resistance.
FIRST REPORT OF BASAL ROT CAUSED BY Fusarium equiseti IN ONION CROPS FROM PUEBLA, MEXICO
Authors: Romero-Arenas Omar , Martínez-Salgado Saira Jazmin , Rivera Antonio , Huerta-Lara Manuel , Laug-García Beatriz , Villa-Ruano Nemesio
Published: July 2022

Background: Species of the Fusarium genus are considered as devastating phytopathogens of onion crops around the world. Objective:  This work aimed to know the causal agent of basal rot in onion crops from Puebla-México recorded in 2019. Methodology: The causal agent was isolated from diseased samples by tissue incubation in Potato Dextrose Agar medium (PDA) and the pathogenicity tests were done with the causal agent to demonstrate its involvement in basal rot. Monosporic cultures of the causal agent were generated for further microscopic characterization and molecular identification by Internal Transcribed Spacers ITS1 and ITS2. Results: According to the pathogenicity tests, the causal agent produced apical constriction and necrosis in the radicle and leaves accompanied by brown spots surrounded by yellowing as those observed in natural conditions. A 533 bp amplicon of the causative agent was obtained by partial amplification of the 5.8S rDNA gene. The sequence of the amplicon was compared with the sequences deposited in the database of the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) showing 100% homology with Fusarium equiseti. Implications: Our investigation reveals F. equiseti as an emergent causal agent of onion basal rot in crops from the community of “La Soledad” Puebla, México. Conclusion: Herein we report for the first time F. equiseti as a new phytopathogen of onion and further strategies should be considered for its control.
General Linear Model
Authors: Nieto-Castanon Alfonso
Published: July 2022

Second-level analyses allow researchers to make inferences about properties of groups or populations, by generalizing from the observations of only a subset of subjects in a study. This chapter describes the mathematics behind the General Linear Model (GLM), the approach used in CONN for all second-level analyses of functional connectivity measures. The description includes GLM model definition, parameter estimation, and hypothesis testing framework, as well as several practical examples and general guidelines aimed at helping researchers use this method to answer their specific research questions.
Cluster-level inferences
Authors: Nieto-Castanon Alfonso
Published: July 2022

Whether in the context of voxel-based measures, such as when studying properties of SBC maps across multiple subjects, or in the context of ROI-to-ROI measures, such as when studying properties of RRC matrices across the same subjects, second-level analyses will perform a separate statistical test for each individual analysis unit (voxels in the former case or ROI-to-ROI connections in the latter). This often poses a considerable multiple-comparisons problem, where traditional false positive control strategies at the level of these individual units (e.g. thresholding individual voxels at a p<0.05 level) would result in unacceptably high rates of false positives across the entire analysis (e.g. across the entire brain, in voxel-based analyses). This chapter describes a number of strategies that have been developed to address this issue while simultaneously improving researchers' ability to make meaningful inferences from their second-level analysis results.
IMMUNOSENESCENCE AND LATE-ONSET FAMILIAL MEDITERRANEAN FEVER
Authors: Cansu Döndü Üsküdar , Korkmaz Cengiz
Published: July 2022

Familial Mediterranean fever (FMF) is an autoinflammatory disease that causes recurrent fever and serositis. FMF often begins in childhood and is diagnosed at an early age. Although it is uncommon for the disease to occur after the age of 40, late-onset patient series have been published and compared to early-onset patient series in recent years. Although it is a genetically inherited disease, the reason why clinical symptoms appear at such a late age in some patients is unknown. The frequency of pathogenic mutations is lower in these patients than in early-onset FMF patients, and the disease has a milder course. Whether or not this clinical presentation is related to immune system changes associated with aging is an open question. Age-related immune system changes, such as an increase in senescence cells, the development of senescence-associated secretory phenotype, and a decline in autophagy with age, can trigger the inflammasome activation. In this regard, understanding the cause of the late-onset of FMF attacks may open up new avenues for research into pathogenesis. In this review, we will first compare the clinical features of the early and late-onset FMF series. We will then consider hypothetical causes of late-onset FMF attacks by reviewing age-related changes in the innate immune system.
OLEKSANDR BOGOMOLETS IS A VISIONARY OF ANTI-AGING IN UKRAINE
Authors: Doskaliuk Bohdana
Published: July 2022

Anti-aging is a relatively new term in the professional vocabulary of Ukrainian physicians. It has begun to develop in our country, to a large extent, in recent decades. However, a significant number of practitioners do not pay proper attention to or distrust this field of medicine even now. Most of them are convinced that this industry came to us from abroad and does not fit right into our realities. This article attempts to refute this baseless claim. It presents information about the developments and achievements of the outstanding Ukrainian scientist O.O. Bogomolets in the field of anti-aging. This article overviews the main hypothesis and discoveries made by Bogomolets and discusses his great legacy in the struggle for a long healthy, and happy life.
INFLAMM-AGING: A MECHANISM OF AGING THAT CONTRIBUTES TO THE CHARACTERISTICS OF SKIN INVOLVEMENT IN SYSTEMIC SCLEROSIS
Authors: Gokcen Neslihan
Published: July 2022

Aging is associated with deterioration of the immune function. Two contributory mechanisms are inflamm-aging, which is a chronic, low-grade systemic inflammation, and immunosenescence, an impairment of adaptive immune function that may also contribute to the development of inflamm-aging. This age-related inflammatory event is associated with alteration to the balance of pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines. The effect of inflamm-aging on skin aging in healthy people is accepted; however, its effect on normal skin aging and/or skin characteristics in systemic sclerosis is unknown. The hypothesis presented herein suggests that inflamm-aging may contribute to the evolution of the skin phases in systemic sclerosis, which progress from edematous, fibrotic, and indurative phases to the atrophic phase.
NEUROPATHIC PAIN AS A CHALLENGING CLINICAL ENTITY IN OLDER ADULTS
Authors: Benlidayi Ilke Coskun
Published: July 2022

Neuropathic pain is a challenging clinical entity in older adults. Certain clinical conditions such as diabetes mellitus, cerebrovascular diseases and infections may lead to neuropathic pain in the elderly. Recognizing neuropathic pain is essential for proper management. Neuropathic pain can be related to either peripheral or central conditions. A lesion or disease of the somatosensory system is required to define neuropathic pain. The assessment of neuropathic pain includes anamnesis, detailed physical examination, screening tools/questionnaires, quantitative sensory testing, and objective methods such as electroneuromyography, skin biopsy, and corneal confocal microscopy.  The aim of this article was to review common neuropathic pain conditions in older adults and to provide an overview on the assessment tools.
Adversarial Images Against Super-Resolution Convolutional Neural Networks for Free
Authors: Rajabi Arezoo , Abbasi Mahdieh , Bobba Rakesh B. , Tajik Kimia
Published: July 2022

Super-Resolution Convolutional Neural Networks (SRCNNs) with their ability to generate highresolution images from low-resolution counterparts, exacerbate the privacy concerns emerging from automated Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs)-based image classifiers. In this work, we hypothesize and empirically show that adversarial examples learned over CNN image classifiers can survive processing by SRCNNs and lead them to generate poor quality images that are hard to classify correctly. We demonstrate that a user with a small CNN is able to learn adversarial noise without requiring any customization for SRCNNs and thwart the privacy threat posed by a pipeline of SRCNN and CNN classifiers (95.8% fooling rate for Fast Gradient Sign with ε = 0.03). We evaluate the survivability of adversarial images generated in both black-box and white-box settings and show that black-box adversarial learning (when both CNN classifier and SRCNN are unknown) is at least as effective as white-box adversarial learning (when only CNN classifier is known). We also assess our hypothesis on adversarial robust CNNs and observe that the supper-resolved white-box adversarial examples can fool these CNNs more than 71.5% of the time.
Learning to Behave: Improving Covert Channel Security with Behavior-Based Designs
Authors: Wails Ryan , Stange Andrew , Troper Eliana , Caliskan Aylin , Dingledine Roger , Jansen Rob , Sherr Micah
Published: July 2022

Censorship-resistant communication systems generally use real-world cover protocols to establish a covert channel through which uncensored communication can occur. Unfortunately, many previously proposed systems use cover protocols inconsistently with the way humans normally use those protocols, leading to anomalous network traffic patterns that have been shown to be discoverable by real-world censors. In this paper, we argue that censorship-resistant communication systems should follow two behavior-based design properties: (i) behavioral independence: systems should isolate the operation of their covert channels from the operation of their cover protocols, and (ii) behavioral realism: systems should either opportunistically use existing genuine cover protocol instances or run new protocol instances that are modeled after genuine ones. These properties ensure that the behavior of a system’s users will not degrade its security. We demonstrate how to achieve these properties through the design and evaluation of Raven, a censorship-resistant messaging system that uses email cover protocols identically to the way humans use email. Raven uses a generative adversarial network that is trained on genuine email data to control the timing and sizes of the email messages it sends and receives, and these messages are transferred independently of user actions. Our evaluation shows that, compared to the state-of-the-art email-based Mailet system, Raven raises the false-positive rate from 3% to 50% when detecting covert channel usage with 100% recall.
Fully Secure PSI via MPC-in-the-Head
Authors: Gordon S. Dov , Hazay Carmit , Le Phi Hung
Published: July 2022

We design several new protocols for private set intersection (PSI) with active security: one for the two party setting, and two protocols for the multi-party setting. In recent years, the state-of-the-art protocols for two party PSI have all been built from OT-extension. This has led to extremely efficient protocols that provide correct output to one party; seemingly inherent to the approach, however, is that there is no efficient way to relay the result to the other party with a provable correctness guarantee. Furthermore, there is no natural way to extend this line of works to more parties. We consider a new instantiation of an older approach. Using the MPC-in-the-head paradigm of Ishai et al. [IPS08], we construct a polynomial with roots that encode the intersection, without revealing the inputs. Our reliance on this paradigm allows us to base our protocol on passively secure Oblivious Linear Evaluation (OLE) (requiring 4 such amortized calls per input element). Unlike state-ofthe-art prior work, our protocols provide correct output to all parties. We have implemented our protocols, providing the first benchmarks for PSI that provides correct output to all parties. Additionally, we present a variant of our multi-party protocol that provides output only to a central server.
Trace Oddity: Methodologies for Data-Driven Traffic Analysis on Tor
Authors: Rimmer Vera , Schnitzler Theodor , Van Goethem Tom , Romero Abel Rodríguez , Joosen Wouter , Kohls Katharina
Published: July 2022

Traffic analysis attacks against encrypted web traffic are a persisting problem. However, there is a large gap between the scientific estimate of attack threats and the real-world situation. As traffic analysis attacks depend on very specific metadata information, they are sensitive to artificial changes in the transmission characteristics. While the advent of deep learning greatly improves the performance rates of traffic analysis attacks on Tor in research settings, deep neural networks are known for being implicitly vulnerable to artifacts in data. Removing artifacts from our experimental setups is essential to minimizing the risk of evaluation bias. In this work, we study a state-of-the-art end-to-end traffic correlation attack on Tor and propose a novel data collection setup. Our design addresses the key constraint of prior work: instead of using a single proxy node for collecting exit traffic, we deploy multiple proxies. Our extensive analysis shows that in the multi-proxy design (i) end-to-end round-trip times are more realistic than in the original design, and that (ii) traffic correlation attack performance degrades significantly on realistic timings. For a reliable and informative evaluation, we develop a general scientific methodology for replication and comparison of machine and deep-learning attacks on Tor. Our evaluation indicates high relevance of the multi-proxy data collection setup and the novel dataset.
Are You Really Muted?: A Privacy Analysis of Mute Buttons in Video Conferencing Apps
Authors: Yang Yucheng , West Jack , Thiruvathukal George K. , Klingensmith Neil , Fawaz Kassem
Published: July 2022

Video conferencing apps (VCAs) make it possible for previously private spaces — bedrooms, living rooms, and kitchens — into semi-public extensions of the office. For the most part, users have accepted these apps in their personal space without much thought about the permission models that govern the use of their private data during meetings. While access to a device’s video camera is carefully controlled, little has been done to ensure the same level of privacy for accessing the microphone. In this work, we ask the question: what happens to the microphone data when a user clicks the mute button in a VCA? We first conduct a user study to analyze users’ understanding of the permission model of the mute button. Then, using runtime binary analysis tools, we trace raw audio flow in many popular VCAs as it traverses the app from the audio driver to the network. We find fragmented policies for dealing with microphone data among VCAs — some continuously monitor the microphone input during mute, and others do so periodically. One app transmits statistics of the audio to its telemetry servers while the app is muted. Using network traffic that we intercept en route to the telemetry server, we implement a proof-of-concept background activity classifier and demonstrate the feasibility of inferring the ongoing background activity during a meeting — cooking, cleaning, typing, etc. We achieved 81.9% macro accuracy on identifying six common background activities using intercepted outgoing telemetry packets when a user is muted.
“We may share the number of diaper changes”: A Privacy and Security Analysis of Mobile Child Care Applications
Authors: Gruber Moritz , Höfig Christian , Golla Maximilian , Urban Tobias , Große-Kampmann Matteo
Published: July 2022

Mobile child care management applications can help child care facilities, preschools, and kindergartens to save time and money by allowing their employees to speed up everyday child care tasks using mobile devices. Such apps often allow child care workers to communicate with parents or guardians, sharing their children’s most private data (e. g., activities, photos, location, developmental aspects, and sometimes even medical information). To offer these services, child care apps require access to very sensitive data of minors that should never be shared over insecure channels and are subject to restrictive privacy laws. This work analyzes the privacy and security of 42 Android child care applications and their cloud-backends using a combination of static and dynamic analysis frameworks, configuration scanners, and inspecting their privacy policies. The results of our analysis show that while children do not use these apps, they can leak sensitive data about them. Alarming are the findings that many third-party (tracking) services are embedded in the applications and that adversaries can access personal data by abusing vulnerabilities in the applications. We hope our work will raise awareness about the privacy risks introduced by these applications and that regulatory authorities will focus more on these risks in the future.
Leave No Data Behind – Empirical Insights into Data Erasure from Online Services
Authors: Rupp Eduard , Syrmoudis Emmanuel , Grossklags Jens
Published: July 2022

Privacy regulations such as the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) of the European Union promise to empower users of online services and to strengthen competition in online markets. Its Article 17, the Right to Erasure (Right to be Forgotten), is part of a set of user rights that aim to give users more control over their data by allowing them to switch between services more easily and to delete their data from the old service. In our study, we investigated the data deletion practices of a sample of 90 online services. In a twostage process, we first request the erasure of our data and analyze to what extent public data (e.g., posts on a social network) remains accessible in a non-anonymized format. More than six months later, we request information on our data using Right of Access requests under Art. 15 GDPR to find out if and what data remains. Our results show that a majority of services perform data erasures without observable breaches of the provisions of Art. 17 GDPR. At 27%, the share of non-compliant services is not negligible; in particular, we observe differences between requests submitted using a dedicated button and formal requests under Art. 17 GDPR.
On dark patterns and manipulation of website publishers by CMPs
Authors: Toth Michael , Bielova Nataliia , Roca Vincent
Published: July 2022

Web technologies and services widely rely on data collection via tracking users on websites. In the EU, the collection of such data requires user consent thanks to the ePrivacy Directive (ePD), and the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR). To comply with these regulations and integrate consent collection into their websites, website publishers often rely on third-party contractors, called Consent Management Providers (CMPs), that provide consent pop-ups as a service. Since the GDPR came in force in May 2018, the presence of CMPs continuously increased. In our work, we systematically study the installation and configuration process of consent pop-ups and their potential effects on the decision making of the website publishers. We make an in-depth analysis of the configuration process from ten services provided by five popular CMP companies and identify common unethical design choices employed. By analysing CMP services on an empty experimental website, we identify manipulation of website publishers towards subscription to the CMPs paid plans and then determine that default consent pop-ups often violate the law. We also show that configuration options may lead to non-compliance, while tracking scanners offered by CMPs manipulate publishers. Our findings demonstrate the importance of CMPs and design space offered to website publishers, and we raise concerns around the privileged position of CMPs and their strategies influencing website publishers.