bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Where to Start? A Two Stage Residual Inclusion Approach to Estimating Influence of the Initial Provider on Health Care Utilization and Costs for Low Back Pain in the US
Authors: Harwood Kenneth , Pines Jesse , Andrilla C. Holly A. , Frogner Bianca K.
Published: July 2021

Background: Diagnostic testing and treatment recommendations can vary when medical care is sought by individuals for low back pain (LBP), leading to variation in quality and costs of care. We examine how first provider seen by an individual at initial diagnosis of LBP influences downstream utilization and costs. Methods: Using national private health insurance claims data, individuals age 18 or older were retrospectively assigned to cohorts based on the first provider seen at the index date of LBP diagnosis. Exclusion criteria included individuals with a diagnosis of LBP or any serious medical conditions, or an opioid prescription recorded in the six months prior to the index date. Outcome measures included use of imaging, back surgery rates, hospitalization rates, emergency department visits, early- and long-term opioid use, and costs (out-of-pocket and total costs of care) twelve months post-index date. We used a common econometric technique, two-stage residual inclusion (2SRI) estimation to reduce selection bias in the choice of first provider, controlling for demographics.Results: Among 3,799,593 individuals, cost and utilization varied considerably based on first provider seen by the patient. The frequency of early opioid prescription was significantly lower when care began with an acupuncturist or chiropractor, and highest for those who began with an emergency medicine physician or advanced practice registered nurse (APRN). Long-term opioid prescriptions were low across most providers except physical medicine and rehabilitation physicians and APRNs. The frequency and time to serious illness varied little across providers. Total cost of care was lowest when starting with a chiropractor ($5,093) or primary care physician ($5,660), and highest when starting with an orthopedist ($9,434) or acupuncturist ($9,205). Conclusion: The first provider seen by individuals with LBP was associated with large differences in health care utilization, opioid prescriptions, and cost while there were no differences in delays in diagnosis of serious illness.
Fluometuron Removal from Agricultural Wastewater in Porous Media Filters
Authors: Gikas Georgios D. , Vryzas Zisis , Koshis Zouvanis
Published: July 2021

In the present study, six gravity filters were constructed and evaluated for the treatment of agricultural wastewater contaminated with herbicide fluometuron. Two filter types in terms of feeding strategy (i.e., batch and continuous feeding strategies), three porous media (i.e., coarse gravel, coarse zeolite and fine zeolite) and three hydraulic residence times (i.e., 1 day, 2 days and 4 days) were evaluated to find the best design and operation parameter in fluometuron removal by adsorption on porous media. Batch experiments were also conducted and the experimental data were fitted to adsorption kinetic and isotherm models. Results showed that the experimental data fitted better to the pseudo-first order model and to the Freundlich model, and the highest fluometuron adsorption was recorded for fine zeolite. The results of filter operation indicated that the most important parameter affecting fluometuron removal is the hydraulic residence time.
Elevation of Neutrophil CEACAM1 Associated with Multiple Inflammatory Mediators was Related to Different Disease Progression in Ischemic Stroke Patients
Authors: Wu Wei , Zhang Yi , Wang Yijie , Liu Ping , Sun Shanshan , Hong Meng , Yuan Yuan , Xia Qi , Chen Zhi
Published: July 2021

Background

Tissue damage, expecially blood-brain barrier (BBB) injury caused by inflammatory factor storm and stroke-associated infection (SAI) during cerebral stroke is an important factor affecting the prognosis of patients. We aim to analyze the level of carcinoembryonic antigen-related cell adhesion molecule 1 (CEACAM1) together with the multiple inflammatory mediators at different stages of ischemic stroke (IS), as well as to investigate the role of CEACAM1 and the potential underlying mechanism in IS in the meanwhile.
Methods

The frequency of CEACAM1 positive neutrophils, neutrophil viability and levels of intracellular cytokines were detected by flow cytometry. The plasma CEACAM1, neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL), matrix metalloproteinases-9 (MMP-9), interleukin-10 (IL-10) and tumor necrosis factor (TNF) were measured by ELISA.
Results

Compared with the normal control, the percentage of CEACAM1 positive neutrophils in the peripheral blood in the IS patients showed significant elevation, and a significant increase was also noticed in the content of plasma CEACAM1 at the subacute stage. There was a positive correlation between CEACAM1 expression rate in the neutrophils and plasma CEACAM1 and IL-10 content in the subacute group. Compared with the acute group and healthy control group, there was an instinct elevation in the level of plasma MMP-9 in the subacute group. The plasma NGAL in the subacute and stable groups was significantly higher than that of the normal control.
Conclusion

Our data showed that there was rapid elevation of CEACAM1 in the neutrophils at the acute stage of cerebral IS. We speculated that CEACAM1 may serve as an inhibitory regulator involved in the progression of focal cerebral ischemia. Moreover, the elevation of serum NGAL at the acute and stable stages may involve in the BBB injury mediated by MMP-9.
Minimally Invasive Treatment of Pelvic Fractures With Titanium Elastic Nailing: an Innovative Technology
Authors: Jia Zhaofeng , Liu Wangxing , Lin Jiandong , Ding Jingyin , Hu Xinjia
Published: July 2021

Background: Minimally invasive treatment has become the most popular and effective method for the treatment of pelvic fractures. The aim of this study was to evaluate the safety and efficacy of a new technique, titanium elastic nailing (TEN), for the minimally invasive treatment of pelvic fractures. Methods: 18 patients with pelvic fractures were referred to us between March 2020 to November 2020, including 13 males and 5 females. The pelvic fractures were temporarily fixed by pelvic fixation belt accompanied with the traction from lower limb bone. The anterior pelvic ring injury (superior ramus of pubis) and ilium fracture were all treated with closed reduction and intramedullary fixation with minimally invasive TEN. Intraoperative C-arm, including pelvic anteroposterior, pelvic outlet, inlet and ilium oblique view) and O-arm fluoroscopy (intraoperative CT) were employed to determine the reduction of fractures and the location of elastic titanium nails in the bone channel. Results: By adopting closed reduction and minimally invasive incision, the pelvic fractures could be safely fixed by placing the elastic titanium nail in the osseous medullary cavity channels of the pelvis. Postoperative investigation indicated that the wounds of all the patients were healed in the first stage, without any occurrence of complications such as nerve, blood vessel and important tissue structure injuries. The patients recovered quickly after the operation and could perform functional exercise in the early stage. Conclusion: TEN can be used for the minimally invasive treatment of pelvic fractures. This novel technique has no obvious complications and worthwhile to use in clinic practice.
PON1 Deficiency Promotes TREM2 Pathway-Mediated Microglial Phagocytosis and Inhibits Pro-Inflammatory Cytokines Release in Vitro and in Vivo
Authors: Zhang Li , Dong Wei , Ma Yuanwu , Bai Lin , Zhang Xu , Sun Caixian , Li Jingwen , zhang lianfeng
Published: July 2021

Background: Paraoxonase 1 (PON1), an HDL-associated enzyme, plays an anti-inflammatory role in the cardiovascular system. Levels of serum PON1 and polymorphisms in this gene were linked to Alzheimer disease (AD) and Parkinson disease (PD), but its function in the neuroimmune system and AD are not clear.Methods: PON1 knockout rats previously generated by our lab were used to investigate the role of PON1 in microglia. Wild type (WT) rats and PON1 knockout (KO) rats were injected with lipopolysaccharide (LPS, 5 or 20 mg/kg) and the survival rates were compared. Microglia on the sections of rat brain tissues were immunostained with anti-Iba1 antibody and the microglia morphology was compared. The phagocytosis, cytokines release and transcriptome of rat primary microglia cells treated with or without LPS were analyzed. The interactions between PON1 and TREM2 were detected by co-immunoprecipitation (co-IP) using rat brain tissues or over-expressed BV2 cell lysates. The effects of PON1 on microglial phagocytosis in vivo were investigated in a rat model of AD produced by an intrahippocampal injection of Aβ1-42.Results: The expression of PON1 was detected in human and rat brain tissues and rat primary microglia. Knockout of PON1 in rat brain tissues protected against LPS-induced lethality by decreasing TNF-α expression. PON1 knockout in microglia increased TREM2 (triggering receptor expressed in myeloid cells 2) expressing and phagocytosis, but decreased production of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as IL-1β, IL-6, IL-12, IL-18 especially TNF-α (M1-phenotype markers) and increased IL-10 (M2-phenotype marker) release induced by LPS. PON1 knockout activated TREM2 pathway but decreased LPS-induced ERK activation. The phagocytosis promoting effect was reversed by administration of recombinant PON1 protein. The interaction between PON1 and TREM2 was verified and might be involved in lysosomal degradation of TREM2. Further, PON1 knockout may also enhance microglial phagocytosis and clearance of exogenous Aβ and decrease the transcription of cytokines such as IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α in vivo.Conclusions: These results suggest an inhibitory role of PON1 in microglial phagocytosis dependent on its interaction with TREM2. These findings provide novel insights into the role of PON1 in neuroinflammation and highlight TREM2 as a potential target for Alzheimer’s disease therapy.
Development of Plant Based Larvicide and Herbal Mosquito Repellent Fast Card with Reference to Identification of the Functional Bioactive Compounds Effective Against Culex Mosquito
Authors: Chattopadhyay Amit , Shaw Vikky , Mukherjee Piyali , Ghosh Subarna , Banerjee Pranab
Published: July 2021

Warm and humid climate creates ideal conditions for mosquito breeding. The ability of these vectors to spread a number of diseases to humans causes millions of deaths every year. Indiscriminate use of synthetic insecticides leads to the development of resistance in vector mosquitoes and along with this, these pesticides cause biological magnification of toxic components and affects adversely the non target organisms including human being. Commercially available, chemically manufactured mosquito repellent fast cards are convenient to use and quite effective but burning of such card generates a lot of smoke and might be hazardous to human health in long run. Thus, alternative approaches are to be adopted to control the population load of vector mosquito. The present study reveals the larvicidal effect of Duranta leaf extract against Culex mosquito. In addition to that mosquito repellent fast card has been developed by Duranta-algal mixture that has shown better result than commercially available fast card on the basis of mosquito mortality as well as the amount of gases emitted. Therefore, the active component of Duranta has also been investigated. In Duranta highest area percentage and peak have been shown by propeonic acid in the retention time 18.086 by GC-MS. So, it can be confirmed that the major active ingredient is propionic acid in Duranta which is responsible for the mosquitocidal properties. Occurrence of propionic acid in Duranta has also been confirmed by the HPLC analysis.
Evaluation of Anterior Cruciate Ligament Surgical Reconstruction Through Finite Element Analysis
Authors: Risvas Konstantinos , Stanev Dimitar , Benos Lefteris , Filip Konstantinos , Tsaopoulos Dimitrios , Moustakas Konstantinos
Published: July 2021

Anterior Cruciate Ligament (ACL) tear is one of the most common knee injuries. The ACL reconstruction surgery aims to restore healthy knee function by replacing the injured ligament with a graft. Proper selection of the optimal surgery parameters is a complex task. To this end, we developed an automated modeling framework that accepts subject-specific geometries and produces finite element knee models incorporating different surgical techniques. Initially, we developed a reference model of the intact knee, validated with data provided by the OpenKnee project. This helped us evaluate the effectiveness of estimating ligament stiffness directly from MRI. Next, we performed a plethora of “what-if” simulations, comparing responses with the reference model. We found that a) increasing graft pretension and radius reduces relative knee displacement, b) the correlation of graft radius and tension should not be neglected, c) graft fixation angle of 20 degrees can reduce knee laxity, and d) single-versus double-bundle techniques demonstrate comparable performance in restraining knee translation. In most cases, these findings confirm reported values from comparative clinical studies. The numerical models are made publicly available, allowing for experimental reuse and lowering the barriers for meta-studies. The modeling approach proposed here can complement orthopedic surgeons in their decision-making.
Original Research the use of a Neural Network Classifier of Material Facture Criteria for the Rational Choice of the Method for Cutting of Rolled Stocks
Authors: Karnaukh Sergii G. , Markov Oleg E. , Kukhar Volodymyr V. , Shapoval Alexander A.
Published: July 2021

To select a rational method for cutting of rolled stocks made from materials with different physical and mathematical properties, an engineer must have the tools to make such a choice. For this, it is proposed to use the well-known synergistic material fracture criteria. In order to find the most informative system of synergetic criteria allowing to classify materials authentically by their fracture sensitivity, the software was developed. It allows to solve the clustering problem in a multidimensional space of parameters and present the obtained information in a visual form using self-organizing Kohonen maps. The cluster analysis of the synergetic criteria of fracture material was carried out. The most informative criterion among the ones characterizing the mechanical properties of steels is the «offset yield strength», among the synergistic ones – «scale criterion». At the same time, among the traditional mechanical features of steels, a set allowing to classify materials with a given integrity by their cutting sensitivity has not been found. It was established that the synergistic criteria: «crack propagation criterion» and «brittleness criterion» are basic informative features. When adding any of the remaining complex criteria («crack nucleation criterion» or «scale criterion»), they form the most informative sets of minimal power, providing the classification of materials by their cutting sensitivity with a given integrity. In order to obtain high quality billets at a minimum conversion cost, recommendations were developed for choice of the method for cutting of rolled stocks in magnitude of criteria values: «crack propagation criterion» and «brittleness criterion». To cut materials «in plastic state», the cutting with a shear should be used, specifically – a closed cut-off scheme or an incompletely closed cut-off scheme with an active transverse clamp or a cut-off scheme with a differentiated rolling clamp. If increased requirements are imposed on the geometric accuracy of the billets, it is recommended to use complex blanking and cutting processes. For cutting materials «in elastoplastic state» there are good reasons to use a cut with a shear, and in particular – an incompletely closed cut-off scheme with an active and passive transverse clamp. Closer to the class interval, it is possible to apply cold bend breaking with the application of an effective stress concentrator. Cold bend breaking should be used to cut «brittle» materials. The carried out experiments confirmed the adequacy of theoretical conclusions and recommendations on the choice of a rational method for cutting of the rolled stocks to obtain high quality billets.
Healthworker Preparedness for COVID-19 Management and Implementation Experiences: A Mixed Methods Study in Uganda’s Refugee-Hosting Districts
Authors: Seruwagi Gloria , Nakidde Catherine , Otieno Felix , Kayiwa Joshua , Luswata Brian , Lugada Eric , Ochen Eric Awich , Muhangi Denis , Okot Betty , Ddamulira Dunstan , Masaba Andrew , Lawoko Stephen
Published: July 2021

Background : The negative impact of COVID-19 on population health outcomes raises critical questions on health system preparedness and resilience, especially in resource-limited settings. This study examined healthworker preparedness for COVID-19 management and implementation experiences in Uganda’s refugee-hosting districts.Methods : A cross sectional, mixed-method descriptive study in 17 health facilities in 7 districts from 4 major regions. Total sample size was 485 including >370 health care workers (HCWs). HCW knowledge, attitude and practices (KAP) was assessed by using a pre-validated questionnaire. The quantitative data was processed and analysed using SPSS 26, and statistical significance assumed at p<0.05 for all statistical tests. Bloom's cutoff of 80% was used to determine threshold for sufficient knowledge level and practices with scores classified as high (80.0%–100.0%), average (60.0%–79.0%) and low (≤59.0%). HCW implementation experiences and key stakeholder opinions were further explored qualitatively using interviews which were audio-recorded, coded and thematically analysed.Results: On average 71% of HCWs were knowledgeable on the various aspects of COVID-19, although there is a wide variation in knowledge. Awareness of symptoms ranked highest among 95% (p value < 0.0001) of HCWs while awareness of the criteria for intubation for COVID-19 patients ranked lowest with only 35% (p value < 0.0001). Variations were noted on falsehoods about COVID-19 causes, prevention and treatment across Central (p value < 0.0356) and West Nile (p value < 0.0161) regions. Protective practices include adequate ventilation, virtual meetings and HCW training. Deficient practices were around psychosocial and lifestyle support, remote working and contingency plans for HCWs safety. The work environment has immensely changed with increased demands on the amount of work, skills and variation in nature of work. HCWs also reported moderate control over their work environment, high level of support from supervisors (88%) and colleagues (93%). Conclusions: HCWs preparedness is inadequate in some aspects. Implementation of healthcare interventions is constrained by the complexity of Uganda’s health system design, top-down approach of the national response to COVID-19 and longstanding health system bottlenecks. We recommend continuous information sharing on COVID-19, a design review with capacity strengthening at all health facility levels and investing in community-facing strategies.
Construction of Stable Mouse Artificial Chromosome from Native Mouse Chromosome 10 for Generation of Transchromosomic Mice
Authors: Abe Satoshi , Honma Kazuhisa , Okada Akane , Kazuki Kanako , Tanaka Hiroshi , Endo Takeshi , Morimoto Kayoko , Moriwaki Takashi , Hamamichi Shusei , Nakayama Yuji , Suzuki Teruhiko , Takehara Shoko , Oshimura Mitsuo , Kazuki Yasuhiro
Published: July 2021

Mammalian artificial chromosomes derived from native chromosomes have been applied to biomedical research and development by generating cell sources and transchromosomic (Tc) animals. Human artificial chromosome (HAC) is a precedent chromosomal vector which achieved generation of valuable humanized animal models for fully human antibody production and human pharmacokinetics. While humanized Tc animals created by HAC vector have attained significant contributions, there was a potential issue to be addressed regarding stability in mouse tissues, especially highly proliferating hematopoietic cells. Mouse artificial chromosome (MAC) vectors derived from native mouse chromosome 11 demonstrated improved stability, and they were utilized for humanized Tc mouse production as a standard vector. In mouse, however, stability of MAC vector derived from native mouse chromosome other than mouse chromosome 11 remains to be evaluated. To clarify the potential of mouse centromeres in the additional chromosomes, we constructed a new MAC vector from native mouse chromosome 10 to evaluate the stability in Tc mice. The new MAC vector was transmitted through germline and stably maintained in the mouse tissues without any apparent abnormalities. Through this study, the potential of additional mouse centromere was demonstrated for Tc mouse production, and new MAC is expected to be used for various applications.
Developing a School-Based Risk and Resilience Network to Implement the Youth Aware of Mental Health (YAM) Program with Texas Adolescents
Authors: Hughes Jennifer L , Gutierrez Luis , Anderson Jacqueline R , Kahalnik Farra , Fuller Anne , Mayes Taryn , Trivedi Madhukar H
Published: July 2021

BackgroundDespite the school setting presenting an ideal place to address youth depression and suicide prevention, there continues to be a need for innovative and effective school-based mental health interventions. MethodsThe University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center’s Center for Depression Research and Clinical Care developed a collaborative school-based prevention effort, the Risk and Resilience Network (RRN), to develop and test approaches to aid in enhancing resiliency factors, prevention of depression and suicide, and improve early identification and care linkage for youth with depression and/or suicidality. The aims of RRN were: 1) to build collaborative partnerships with schools and youth-focused community organizations to study risk and resilience in youth, and 2) in collaboration with school partners and youth-focused community organizations, to engage school stakeholders and families in developing and testing innovative strategies for addressing depression and suicide prevention in schools. To engage schools in the RRN, a cornerstone, evidenced-based program was selected (Youth Aware of Mental Health, YAM, program) to offer to schools as part of an implementation project. This report uses the RE-AIM framework to describe the rationale, design, implementation process, and YAM program evaluation results from the initial years of a school-based network focused on depression and suicide prevention.ResultsDescriptive data are presented, using the RE-AIM framework, on the first three academic years of the RRN and YAM program partnerships (2016-2017, 2017-2018, and 2018-2019), which included 24 RRN partnerships. Eleven (73.3%) out of the 15 school systems who agreed to RRN partnerships agreed to implement the YAM program, resulting in 14,061 students who participated in YAM.ConclusionsThe RRN is a collaborative school-based prevention effort to develop and test approaches to aid in enhancing resiliency factors, preventing of depression and suicide, and improving early identification and care linkage for youth with depression and/or suicidality. Trial Registration: Not applicable
Evolutive History of Leishmania Genus and Differential Diagnosis of Clinical Important Species Based on A Unique Kinetoplastida Chitinase
Authors: Cabral Aline Diniz , Jordão Felipe Trovalim , Pereira Gabriel Lopes , de Andrade Leticia Abrantes , Santos Edmar Silva , Suzuki Rodrigo Buzinaro , Fuhlendorf Max Mario , Azevedo Lucas Gentil , Ramos Pablo Ivan Pereira , de Queiroz Artur Trancoso Lopo , Sperança Márcia Aparecida
Published: July 2021

Leishmaniasis, a neglected infectious disease affecting humans, domestic and wild animals, caused by 20 from 53 Leishmania genus species, is transmitted by sandflies. Leishmania genus, belonging to Trypanosomatide Family and Kinetoplastida Order, are grouped in five subgroups according to biogeographic and evolutive history of parasites and hosts, which has led to incongruences and paraphyly. The GH18 Leishmania chitinase, encoded by a specie-specific single copy gene, conserved in basal groups of trypanosomatids, and absent in the genus Trypanosoma, was evaluated as a phylogenetic marker and a diagnostic target. Primers were designed to detect Leishmania in its host biological samples and to obtain the chitinase sequence of species not available in public databanks. The GH18 chitinase gene and its genomic context was evaluated phylogenetically. A protocol to discriminate among Leishmania subgenera by PCR and restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) was developed using in silico tools. A PCR method to detect a partial 953 bp GH18 quitinase encoding gene presented high sensibility and specificity on isolated parasites DNA and using as negative controls, Trypanosoma cruzi, and DNA from Leishmania hosts. Preservation of the chitinase locus in the aquatic free-living protozoan Bodo saltans, disclose a primitive common origin. GH18 trypanosomatide chitinase amino acid sequence comparative analysis revealed high similarity to chitinase from marine prokaryotes and protozoan. Phylogenetic reconstruction based on chitinase corroborates the Supercontinent Origins theory for Leishmania. The chitinase encoding gene was effectively detected in biological samples and for differential molecular diagnosis among Leishmania clinical important species worldwide.
Characteristics Analysis of Segmental and Regional Lumbar Spontaneous Compensation Post Selective Thoracic Fusion in Lenke 1 and 2 Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis
Authors: Chen Kai , Zhai Xiao , Zhou Tianjunke , Deng Yu , Chen Shaofeng , Yang Changwei , Li Ming
Published: July 2021

Objective To explore the characteristics of compensation of unfused lumbar region post selective thoracic fusion in Lenke 1 and 2 adolescent idiopathic scoliosis Method A total of 51 Lenke 1 and2 AIS patients were included, whose lowest instrumented vertebrae was L1 from January 2013 to December 2019. For further analysis, demographic data and coronal radiographic films were collected before surgery, at immediate erect postoperatively and final follow-up. The wedge angles of each unfused distal lumbar segments were measured, and the variations in each disc segment were calculated at the immediate postoperative review and final follow-up. Meanwhile, the unfused lumbar curve was divided into upper and lower parts, and calculated their curve angles and compensations.Results The current study enrolled 41 females (80.4%) and 10 males (19.6%). 36 patients were Lenke type 1, while 15 patients were Lenke type 2. The average main thoracic Cobb angle and thoracolumbar/lumbar Cobb angle were 44.1±7.7°and 24.1±9.3°, preoperatively. At the final follow-up, the disc wedge angle variation of L1/2, L2/3, L3/4, L4/5 and L5/S1 was 3.84±5.96°, 3.09±4.54°, 2.30±4.53°, -0.12±3.89° and -1.36±2.80°, respectively. The compensation of upper and lower coronal lumbar curves at final follow-up were 9.22±10.39° and -1.49±5.14°, respectively.Conclusion When choosing L1 as the lowest instrumented vertebrae, the distal unfused lumbar segments' compensation showed a decreasing trend from the proximal end to the distal end. The adjacent L1/2 and L2/3 discs significantly contributed to this compensation.
Quantifying Mask Leakage and Effectiveness for Public Health Messaging
Authors: Freeman Charles , Burch Reuben , Strawderman Lesley , Black Catherine , Saucier David , Rickert Jaime , Wilson John , Seitz Holly , Stull Jeffrey
Published: July 2021

The purpose of this study is to compare masks (non-medical/fabric, surgical, and N95 respirators) on filtration efficiency, differential pressure, and leakage with the goal of providing evidence to improve public health messaging. Masks were tested on an anthropometric face filtration mount comparing both sealed and unsealed. Overall, surgical and N95 respirators provided significantly higher for filtration efficiency and differential pressure. Leakage comparisons are one of the most significant factors in mask efficiency. Higher weight and thicker fabric masks had significantly higher filtration efficiency. The findings of this study have important implications for communication and education regarding the use of masks to prevent the spread of COVID-19 and other respiratory illnesses specifically the differences between sealed and unsealed masks. One-Sentence Summary: The type and fabric of facial masks and whether a mask is sealed or unsealed has a significant impact on the effectiveness of a mask.
Preterm Birth, Maternal Postpartum Depressive Symptoms and Mental and Behavioral Disorders in Children
Authors: Girchenko Polina , Robinson Rachel , Rantalainen Ville Juhani , Lahti-pulkkinen Marius , Heinonen-Tuomaala Kati , Lemola Sakari , Wolke Dieter , Schnitzlein Daniel , Hamalainen Esa , Laivuori Hannele , Villa Pia , Kajantie Eero , Raikkonen Katri
Published: July 2021

Introduction Preterm birth has been linked with postpartum depressive (PPD) disorders and high symptoms levels, but evidence remains conflicting and limited in quality. It remains unclear whether PPD symptoms of mothers with preterm babies were already elevated before childbirth, and whether PPD symptoms mediate/aggravate the effect of preterm birth on child mental disorders. We examined whether preterm birth associated with maternal PPD symptoms, depressive symptoms trajectories from antenatal to postpartum stage, and whether PPD symptoms mediated/aggravated associations between preterm birth and child mental disorders. Methods Mothers of preterm(n=125) and term-born(n=3033) children of the Prediction and Prevention of Preeclampsia and Intrauterine Growth Restriction study reported depressive symptoms four times within 8 weeks before and twice within 12 months after childbirth. Child mental and behavioral disorder diagnoses until age 8.4-12.8 years came from medical register. ResultsPreterm birth associated with higher PPD symptoms(MD=0.19 SD,95%CI 0.01,0.37,p=0.04), and higher odds(OR=2.23,95%CI 1.22,4.09,p=0.009) of the mother to belong to a group that had consistently high depressive symptoms levels trajectory from antenatal to postpartum stage. PPD symptoms partially mediated and aggravated the association between preterm birth and child mental disorders. ConclusionsPreterm birth, maternal PPD symptoms and child mental disorders are associated, calling for timely prevention interventions.
Anti-Gr-1 Antibody Provides Short-term Depletion of MDSC in Lymphodepleted Mice With Active-specific Melanoma Therapy
Authors: Rose Peter , Engel Natasja K. van den , Kovacs Julia R. , Hatz Rudolf A. , Boon Louis , Winter Hauke
Published: July 2021

BackgroundLymphodepletion, reconstitution and active-speciﬁc tumor cell vaccination (LRAST) enhances the induction of tumor-speciﬁc T cells in a murine melanoma model. Myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSC, Gr-1+ CD11b+) may counteract the induction of tumor-reactive T cells and their therapeutic eﬃcacy. Thus, the aim of the study was to evaluate a possible beneﬁt of MDSC depletion using anti-Gr-1 antibodies (Ab) in combination with LRAST.MethodsFemale C57BL/6 mice with 3 days established subcutaneous (s.c.) D5 melanoma were lymphodepleted with cyclophosphamide and reconstituted with naive splenocytes. Vaccination was performed with irradiated syngeneic mGM-CSF-secreting D5G6 melanoma cells. For MDSC depletion, anti-Gr-1 Ab (clone RB6-8C5, 230 µg) was injected every other day starting on the day of lymphodepletion. Induction of tumor-speciﬁc T cells derived from tumor vaccine draining lymph nodes (TVDLN) was evaluated by the amount of tumor-specific interferon (IFN)- γ release. Tumor growth was monitored following active-specific vaccination with or without anti-Gr-1 Ab administration.ResultsLRAST combined with anti-Gr-1 mAb administration enhanced the induction of tumor-specific T cells in TVDLN capable of releasing IFN-γ in a tumor-specific manner. In mice treated with LRAST and anti-Gr-1 mAb growth of D5 melanoma cells was significantly delayed for two weeks following tumor injection as compared to mice with LRAST treatment alone. Furthermore, we elucidate the impact of anti-Gr-1 depleting antibodies on the memory T cell compartment.ConclusionOur data indicate that standard of care treatment regimens against cancer can be improved by implementing agents, e.g. depleting antibodies, which target and eliminate MDSC.
Contingency Response Decision of Network Public Opinion Emergencies based on Intuitionistic Fuzzy Entropy and Preference Information of Decision Makers
Authors: Fu Sha , Xiao Ye-zhi , Zhou Hang-jun
Published: July 2021

A multi-attribute group decision-making (MAGDM) method based on intuitionistic fuzzy preference information is proposed for the multi-attribute intuitionistic fuzzy group decision-making problem where the decision-makers weight and attribute weight are completely unknown and the decision-maker has preference information for the scheme. Firstly, an intuitionistic fuzzy interval judgment matrix is established to describe the original data of the key decision indicators for multiple network public opinion emergencies that erupt simultaneously. Secondly, the attribute weights are determined based on the improved intuitionistic fuzzy entropy construction method, and the expert weights are determined by using objective decision information, taking into account the intuitionistic fuzzy entropy of decision matrix. Thirdly, a scheme preference model and an attribute weight optimization model are established to determine the ranking method of intuitionistic fuzzy interval values. Then, an improved intuitionistic fuzzy number distance measure is introduced to make the evaluation result more accurate and reasonable when it comes to solving the deviation between the evaluation value and ideal solution of each scheme. Finally, the effectiveness and practicability of the proposed decision-making method are verified by an example of emergency crisis severity, which improves the efficiency of emergency treatment, helps emergency departments to better deal with the network public opinion crisis, improves the ability of public opinion guidance and control, and provides a new method and idea for multi-attribute intuitionistic fuzzy group decision-making problem.
Dynamic Update Method of Working Face Geological Model Driven by Multi-Source Data
Authors: Liu Zaibin , Li Mingxing , An Lin , Shen Kai , Yue Hui , Chen Baohui , Zhu Mengbo , Gong Yingying
Published: July 2021

In order to build a high-precision dynamic geological model to serve the intelligent mining, working face is explored step by step through the comprehensive prospecting technology. A multi-source data fusion method was applied to realize mutual verification, supplement, fusion and interpretation of non-uniform heterogeneous geological data to obtain a high-precision geological data volume. Also, the dynamic update model method was proposed to update 3D geological model of working face quickly so that the accuracy of the geological model can be improved effectively. Furthermore, cutting path planning technology was developed based on the dynamic geological model. The field test showed that the cutting path planning based on the high-precision dynamic geological model can improve the coal mining efficiency and improve the fusion efficiency between geology and coal mining systems. Dynamic update of multi-attribute geological information should be studied and developed to improve the automatic level of mining driven by geological data.
Narciclasine Targets STAT3 via Distinct Mechanisms in Tamoxifen-Resistant Breast Cancer Cells
Authors: Lv Chao , Huang Yun , Huang Rui , Wang Qun , Zhang Hongwei , Jin Jinmei , Lu Dong , Zhou Yudong , Shen Yunheng , Zhang Weidong , Luan Xin , Liu Sanhong
Published: July 2021

Background: Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) is constitutively activated in multiple malignant tumors. Compared with regular estrogen receptor (ER)-positive breast cancers, the patients with tamoxifen-resistant breast cancers often exhibit higher level of STAT3 phosphorylation. Narciclasine (Nar) possesses strong inhibiting effects against a variety of cancer cells, however, the underlying antitumor target(s)/mechanism(s) remains barely understood. Methods: Targets prediction of narciclasine was performed by combining connectivity map (CMAP) and drug affinity responsive target stability (DARTS) strategy. Molecular and biochemical methods were used to elucidate the distinct mechanisms of narciclasine targeting STAT3. The narciclasine nano-delivery system was synthesized by thin film hydration method. Xenograft models were established to determine antitumor activity of narciclasine and its liposome in vivo.Results: In this study, we successfully identified the STAT3 was the direct target of Nar through the combination strategies of CMAP and DARTS. In ER-positive breast cancer cells, Nar could suppress phosphorylation, activation, dimerization, and nuclear translocation of STAT3 by directly binding with the STAT3 SH2 domain. Additionally, Nar could also specifically promote total STAT3 degradation via proteasome pathway and reduce the STAT3 protein stability in tamoxifen-resistant breast cancer cells (MCF-7/TR). This distinct mechanism of Nar targeting STAT3 was mainly attributed to the various levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in regular and tamoxifen-resistant ER-positive breast cancer cells. Meanwhile, Nar loaded nanoparticles could markedly decrease the protein levels of STAT3 in tumor sites, resulting in significant MCF-7/TR xenograft tumor regression without obvious toxicity. Conclusions: Our findings successfully highlight the STAT3 as the direct therapeutic target of Nar in ER-positive breast cancer cells, especially Nar leaded STAT3 degradation as a promising strategy for the tamoxifen-resistant breast cancer treatment.
Have Progestin Related and Sporadic High Grade Meningiomas the Same Natural History?
Authors: Devalckeneer Antoine , Aboukais Rabih , Faisant Maxime , Bourgeois Philippe , Quentin Vannod-Michel , Escande Fabienne , Maurage Claude-Alain , Lejeune Jean-Paul
Published: July 2021

Introduction: High grade progestin related meningiomas have been reported in recent series but we found no previous study describing their long-term outcome. Our study aimed to evaluate patients operated on for high grade intracranial meningioma and who underwent long term exposure to high dose of cyproterone acetate, nomegestrol acetate and chlormadinone acetate.Methods: Our study retrospectively included 9 patients with high grade progestin related intracranial meningioma between December 2006 and December 2020. In each patient, clinico-radiological follow-up was performed every 6 months after diagnosis and treatment withdrawal recommendation. Results: The mean progestative exposure was 11.4 years. Edema existence or absence of cleft sign on MRI were the key factors for surgical indication. All patients underwent surgery. Ajduvant radiotherapy was indicated in 1 patient, and Gamma Knife Radiosurgery was proposed in 2 other patients for a second location of mengioma. 6 patients harbored a grade II chordoïd meningioma subtype with 100% PR expression and 3 patients a grade II atypical meningioma subtype with lower PR expression. The mean follow-up was 7.1 years and none of the 9 patients presented with a recurrence.Conclusion: Patients with Grade II progestin related meningiomas have less tumor recurrence after surgery than patients with sporadic high grade meningomas, especially after progestin withdrawal. The presence/ appearance of peri-meningioma edema and the absence of cleft sign before volumetric change should suggest the existence of an underlying high grade meningioma. In these cases, surgical resection may immediately be considered and adjuvant radiotherapy should be reserved for proven recurrence cases.
Metagenomic analysis reveals rumen microbiota alteration of the yak at different stages of growth
Authors: Wang Li , Juan Li , Aboragah Ahmad , Jiang Mingfeng , Loor Juan J.
Published: July 2021

The Yak (Bos grunniens) is a unique ruminant species that is crucially important to agriculture in the Tibetan plateau. Variation of microorganism communities in the yak rumen is of great interest because of possible links to environmentally and economically important traits. In this study, we performed histological and microbial analyses of the yak rumen at 5 stages of growth: 1 day, 20 days, 60 days, 15 months, and 5 years of age. Tissue slices and metagenomics sequencing were used. The rumen index increased gradually from 1 day to 5 years of age. These were significant differences in rumen index between the 60d, 15m, and 5y group (p < 0.05). Compared with other time points, the thickness of muscularis along with length and width of rumen papillae at 60 d,15 m, and 5 years of age increased and differed (p < 0.05), respectively. At the phylum level, Bacteroidetes and Firmicutes were the phyla with the highest abundance in all the age groups. A total of 115,401 genes were annotated on the CAZy database. Glycoside Hydrolase (GH) had the highest relative abundance, followed by Glycosyl Transferase (GT), and Carbohydrate-binding Modules (CBM). There were significant variations for the microbial species and CAZys within the five groups. Taken together, the morphology and microbiota in the yak rumen changed at various stages of growth and likely played a significant role in the absorption of nutrients. This study provides new insights into the function of yak rumen microbiota and physiologic adaptations in plateau animals.
Introduction of Dalbergia Odorifera Enhances Nitrogen Absorption on Eucalyputs Through Stimulating Microbially Mediated Soil Nitrogen-cycling
Authors: Yao Xianyu , Zhang Qianchun , Zhou Haiju , Nong Zhi , Ye Shaoming , Deng Qi
Published: July 2021

Background: There is the substantial evidence that Eucalyptus for nitrogen (N) absorption and increasing the growth benefit from the introduction of N-fixing species, but the underlying mechanisms for microbially mediated soil N cycling remains unclear. Methods: We investigated the changes of soil pH, soil water content (SWC), soil organic carbon (SOC), total N (TN), inorganic N (NH4+-N and NO3--N), microbial biomass and three N-degrading enzyme activities as well as the biomass and N accumulation of Eucalyptus between a pure Eucalyptus urophylla × grandis plantation (PP) and a mixed Dalbergia odorifera and Eucalyptus plantation (MP) in Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China. Results: Compared with the PP site, soil pH, SWC, SOC and TN in both seasons were significantly higher at the MP site, which in turn enhanced microbial biomass and the activities of soil N-degrading enzymes. The stimulated microbial activity at the MP site likely accelerated soil N mineralization, providing more available N (NH4+-N in both seasons and NO3--N in the wet-hot season) for Eucalyptus absorption. Overall, the N accumulation of Eucalyptus at the MP site was increased by 19.7% and 21.9%, promoting the biomass increases of 15.1% and 19.2% in the dry-cold season and wet-hot season, respectively.Conclusion: Our results reveal the importance of microbially mediated soil N cycling in the N absorption on Eucalyputs. Introduction of D. odorifera can enhance N absorption and growth on Eucalyputs, improve soil N availability and increased soil C sequestration, which hence can be considered to be an effective sustainable management option of Eucalyptus plantations.
Evaluation of the Anterior Chamber Angle in Angle-Closure Suspect Patients by Anterior Segment Optical Coherence Tomography (AS-OCT) and Pentacam
Authors: Mahmoud Mohamed Salah El-Din , Essam Nosiba , Hammouda Layla Mohamed , Mohamed Ahmed Shawkat
Published: July 2021

Purpose: The study aims is to detect primary angle-closure glaucoma (PACG) suspects using both anterior segment optical coherence tomography (AS-OCT) and Scheimpflug imaging. Methods: A prospective cross-sectional observational study on forty PACG suspect patients with a range of ages from 20 to 70 years. Angle imaging by AS-OCT (Optovue Inc., Fairmont, CA) with study parameters in the superior, inferior, nasal, and temporal quadrants were anterior chamber angle (ACA), angle opening distance at 750 µm (AOD750), and trabecular-iris space area at 750 μm (TISA). Also, angle imaging using Pentacam (Oculus Optikgeräte GmbH, Wetzlar, Germany) with study parameters were the anterior chamber angle (ACA), anterior chamber depth (ACD) and, anterior chamber volume (ACV). The angle evaluation was done before and after the mydriatic test.Results: As regarding AS-OCT, after the mydriatic test, we noticed a decrease in all parameters measured, some decreased significantly while others did not. A significant decrease was noticed in ACA (TIA750) in all quadrants (P value<0.001in nasal, 0.001in superior &temporal, 0.003 in inferior) and in TISA750 in the nasal quadrant only (P-value 0.004). AOD750 and TISA750 in the remaining quadrants also decreased but not significantly as ACA. As regarding Pentacam, all parameters decreased after the mydriatic test. ACA (P-value <0.001) and ACD (P-value 0.004) showed significant statistical decrease but ACV showed statistically non-significant decrease (P-value 0.558).Conclusions: AS-OCT and Pentacam are reliable investigations for the detection of PACG suspects which needs more close follow-up for a possible increase in IOP.
Intersectionality and Diabetes in a Population of an Ambulatory Clinic, Quito-Ecuador.
Authors: Sacoto Karla Flores , Hierro Galo Sanchez Del , Hernández Felipe Moreno-Piedrahita
Published: July 2021

Diabetes Mellitus is a noncommunicable chronic disease, caused by the hormonal imbalance of insulin and glucose; it produces premature mortality, morbidity, and disability. A good metabolic control requires changes of personal habits and attitudes that are affected by social environment.Objective: to identify sociodemographic factors (gender, age, scholarity, civil status and insurance type) that affects metabolic control of type 2 diabetes in a specific population of an ambulatory clinic of Quito-Ecuador.Material and method: This investigation is a cross sectional study from the data taken of the first semester of the year 2018 of patients with Diabetes (ICD-10 E10-E14) from an ambulatory clinic in Quito.Results Among the data analyzed there was found association between age, gender, scholarity and insurance type with metabolic control, despite women have worse metabolic control with higher means of triglycerides, total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, Systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure and body mass index. There was a statistically significant relationship between the control of glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) with age group under 65 and scholarity.Conclusion DM is a disease that affects the most vulnerable populations: lower socioeconomic status, lower level of education and greater poverty. The prognosis depends on the metabolic control that is influenced by structural and intermediate determinants of health. Traditionally, the vulnerable groups have been exposed to a greater physical and psychosocial risk that increases susceptibility to inadequate metabolic control that are related to intersectionality. Inequalities in disadvantaged population increase the risk factors for complications and premature mortality. The management of this pathology requires an integrative approach.