bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The long‐term impacts of deer herbivory in determining temperate forest stand and canopy structural complexity
Authors: Reed Samuel P. , Royo Alejandro A. , Fotis Alexander T. , Knight Kathleen S. , Flower Charles E. , Curtis Peter S.
Published: December 2021

Ungulates place immense consumptive pressure on forest vegetation globally, leaving legacies of reduced biodiversity and simplified vegetative structure. However, what remains unresolved is whether browse‐induced changes occurring early in succession ultimately manifest themselves in the developed forest canopy. Understanding the development and persistence of these legacies is critical as canopy structure is an important determinant of forest ecosystem functions such as carbon sequestration and wildlife habitat.

We measured how white‐tailed deerOdocoileus virginianusbrowse during stand initiation affected canopy structure, tree species richness, diversity, stem density, and basal area on Pennsylvania's Allegheny Plateau using a portable canopy LiDAR system. We capitalized on an historic deer enclosure experiment where forests were subjected to four deer densities (4, 8, 15, and 25 deer/km2) for 10 years following stand initiation.

Deer browsing impacts on the forest canopy are apparent nearly four decades since stand initiation. The highest deer density treatment experienced a significant reduction in tree species diversity, density, and basal area with stands becoming dominated by black cherryPrunus serotina. Reductions in overstorey diversity and tree density resulted in a more open canopy with low leaf area and high horizontal leaf variability. Canopies were tallest at the lowest and highest deer densities.

Synthesis and applications. Using a portable canopy LiDAR system and a former deer enclosure experiment, we show that high deer browsing pressure during stand initiation can have a decades‐long impact on stand and canopy structure. High deer densities led to stands with lower species diversity and tree density, which resulted in canopies that were taller and less dense. As remote sensing of the canopy becomes more prevalent, considering the legacy of ungulate herbivory on canopy structure may inform both land management and our understanding of ecological function, such as forest carbon sequestration, maintenance of diverse understory communities, and creation of wildlife habitat
Regarding ‘Speech–language pathology students’ perceptions of simulation‐based learning experiences in stuttering’
Authors: Shah Nili , Parker Fred , Carter Rachel , Kharma Nasir
Published: December 2021

As final year medical students, we have had first‐hand experience of the significant addition that simulation‐based learning can provide for healthcare education. After reading the 2021 paper ‘Speech–language pathology students’ perceptions of simulation‐based learning experiences in stuttering’ by Penman et al., we were shown once again the benefits of simulation‐based learning. Having said that, we felt there were many crucial aspects omitted in the simulation‐based learning program created by Penman et al. for this research article. Therefore, we attempt to highlight these issues with the hope that as students also studying towards a career in healthcare, we can build on the well‐developed program created by Penman et al. and make educators aware of the possible areas of improvement in healthcare education.
freqpcr: Estimation of population allele frequency using qPCR ΔΔCq measures from bulk samples
Authors: Sudo Masaaki , Osakabe Masahiro
Published: December 2021

PCR techniques, both quantitative (qPCR) and nonquantitative, have been used to estimate the frequency of a specific allele in a population. However, the labour required to sample numerous individuals and subsequently handle each sample renders the quantification of rare mutations (e.g., pesticide resistance gene mutations at the early stages of resistance development) challenging. Meanwhile, pooling DNA from multiple individuals as a “bulk sample” combined with qPCR may reduce handling costs. The qPCR output for a bulk sample, however, contains uncertainty owing to variations in DNA yields from each individual, in addition to measurement errors. In this study, we have developed a statistical model to estimate the frequency of the specific allele and its confidence interval when the sample allele frequencies are obtained in the form of ΔΔCq in the qPCR analyses on multiple bulk samples collected from a population. We assumed a gamma distribution as the individual DNA yield and developed an R package for parameter estimation, which was verified using real DNA samples from acaricide‐resistant spider mites, as well as a numerical simulation. Our model resulted in unbiased point estimates of the allele frequency compared with simple averaging of the ΔΔCq values. The confidence intervals suggest that dividing the bulk samples into more parts will improve precision if the total number of individuals is equal; however, if the cost of PCR analysis is higher than that of sampling, increasing the total number and pooling them into a few bulk samples may also yield comparable precision.
The bad side of recycling: The use of ancient coins as a source of material for modern forgeries
Authors: Perucchetti Laura , Dowler Amelia
Published: December 2021

A group of six coins from Ithaca in the British Museum collection has been analysed using a bench Bruker Artax X‐ray fluorescence spectrometer on a polished surface. The coins can be stylistically divided into two variants. The analysis highlighted that the two variants are chemically different, with one suspected of being a modern forgery. The first records of coins stylistically similar to the ones suspected of being forgeries are dated to the 19th century.

This paper hypothesises that these suspected forgeries have been produced by an expert forger remelting other, more common, ancient coins. We suggest that the forger was an expert smith and also a numismatist and/or antiquarian who was possibly aware of the most recent studies dedicated to the chemical composition of ancient coins. This paper presents the hypothesis that the forger may have melted ancient coins or other artefacts to produce modern forgeries with an ‘ancient’ composition.
Estimation of genetic parameters for carcass grading traits, image analysis traits, and monounsaturated fatty acids in Japanese Black cattle from Hyogo Prefecture
Authors: Kohama Namiko , Yoshida Emi , Masaki Tatsunori , Iwamoto Eiji , Fukushima Moriyuki , Honda Takeshi , Oyama Kenji
Published: December 2021

Genetic parameters for carcass grading traits, image analysis traits, and monounsaturated fatty acid (MUFA) percentages were estimated in 29,942 Japanese Black cattle from Hyogo Prefecture. The analyzed traits included five carcass grading traits, two image analysis traits, fat area ratio and fineness index, and two MUFA traits, one measured in intermuscular fat using near‐infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) and the other in intramuscular fat using gas chromatography (GC). The heritability estimates of image analysis traits and MUFA were moderate to high, ranging from 0.395 to 0.740, and it was considered that they could be improved simultaneously with carcass grading traits because no severe genetic antagonism was observed. Although the heritability of the NIRS‐based intermuscular MUFA was slightly lower than that of the GC‐based intramuscular MUFA, the genetic correlation between the two methods was as high as 0.804. These results indicate that the NIRS method can be used as an alternative evaluation procedure to predict MUFA in intramuscular fat in the longissimus muscle.
A study on preserving endometrial glandular architecture during preparation using BD SurePath™ liquid‐based cytology reagents: Cellular fixation with preservative fluid requires at least 18 h
Authors: Nishikawa Takeshi , Suzuki Hisae , Takeuchi Mao , Tatsumi Shigenobu , Tachibana Yuma , Ohbayashi Chiho , Kobayashi Tadao K. , Norimatsu Yoshiaki
Published: December 2021

Introduction

This study aimed to determine the causes of disruption of the three‐dimensional architecture of endometrial glands prepared using BD SurePath™ liquid‐based cytology (SP‐LBC) reagents. One sample preparation method for endometrial cytology is presented in which this three‐dimensional architecture can be retained.

Methods

SP‐LBC specimens were prepared by the following three methods: (1) using the BD PrepMateTM (PrepMate) System after cellular fixation for 1‐6 h (method A); (2) without using the PrepMate System after cellular fixation for 1‐6 h (method B); and (3) using the PrepMate System after cellular fixation for at least 18 h (method C). Size and numbers of endometrial cell clusters and numbers of solitary scattered cells were then evaluated.

Results

Significantly higher numbers of cell clusters with a major axis of 200 μm or more were yielded by method C (71.3 ± 57.2) than methods A (9.3 ± 5.9, P < 0.001) or B (44.3 ± 28.8, P < 0.05). Method B yielded significantly higher numbers of cell clusters than method A (P < 0.001). Method A (132.2 ± 107.7, p < 0.001) yielded significantly higher numbers of solitary scattered cells than methods B (29.1 ± 14.8) and C (35.7 ± 23.3). No significant difference in solitary cell numbers was found between methods B and C.

Conclusions

Retention of endometrial glandular architecture is rendered possible by allowing sample fixation times of 18 h or more when preparing specimens using the PrepMate System.
The Restatement of the Law, Children and the Law: A blueprint for reforming the child welfare system
Authors: Huntington Clare
Published: December 2021

As part of the special issue on the foster care system, this essay challenges the assumption that all the children who are in foster care should be in foster care. The essay first describes the familiar—and still persuasive—argument that foster care does not serve the interests of most children and families. It then brings a new lens to bear on this argument by describing the work of the American Law Institute's Restatement of the Law, Children and the Law, which provides a blueprint for shrinking the child welfare system and promoting child well‐being.
UNEMPLOYMENT, PARTIAL INSURANCE, AND THE MULTIPLIER EFFECTS OF GOVERNMENT SPENDING
Authors: Givens Gregory E.
Published: December 2021

I interpret evidence on government spending multipliers using a model in which workers are not fully insured against job loss. Government consumption affects aggregate spending along two margins : (i) an intensive margin owing to a fall in household wealth and (ii) an extensive margin that accounts for growth in the workforce. At insurance levels below a certain threshold, the positive effects of (ii) dominate the negative effects of (i), leading to multipliers for private consumption and output that exceed zero and one. Similar results appear in a quantitative model scaled to match microestimates on the consumption cost of unemployment.
UVA‐1 phototherapy as adjuvant treatment for eosinophilic fasciitis: in vitro and in vivo functional characterization
Authors: Tognetti Linda , Marrocco Camilla , Carraro Andrea , Conticini Edoardo , Habougit Cyril , Mariotti Giancarlo , Cinotti Elisa , Perrot Jean Luc , Rubegni Pietro
Published: December 2021

Introduction

Eosinophilic fasciitis (EF) is a rare autoimmune disease causing progressive induration of dermal, hypodermal, and muscularis fascia. The exact pathogenesis is yet to be fully understood, and a validated therapy protocol still lacks. We here aimed to realize a clinical–functional characterization of these patients.

Materials and methods

A total of eight patients (five males, 45 years average) were treated with adjuvant high‐dose UVA‐1 phototherapy (90 J/cm), after having received the standard systemic immunosuppressive protocol (oral methylprednisolone switched to methotrexate). Body lesion mapping, Localized Scleroderma Assessment Tool (LoSCAT), Dermatology Life Quality Index (DLQI), High‐Resolution Ultrasound (HRUS) (13‐17MHz), and ultra HRUS (55–70 MHz) were performed at each examination time taking specific anatomical points. Gene expression analysis at a molecular level and in vitro UVA‐1 irradiation was realized on lesional fibroblasts primary cultures.

Results

The LoSCAT and the DLQI showed to decrease significantly starting from the last UVA‐1 session. A significant reduction in muscularis fascia thickness (−50% on average) was estimated starting from 3 months after the last UVA‐1 session and maintained up to 12 months follow‐up. Tissues was detected by HRUS. The UVA‐1 in vitro irradiation of lesional skin sites cells appeared not to affect their viability. Molecular genes analysis revealed a significant reduction of IL‐1ß and of TGF‐ß genes after phototherapy, while MMPs 1,2,9 gene expression was enhanced.

Comment

These preliminary in vivo and in vitro findings suggest that UVA‐1 phototherapy is a safe and useful adjuvant therapy able to elicit anti‐inflammatory effects and stimulate tissue matrix digestion and remodeling at lesional sites.
The will to sanction: How sensitive are caseworkers to recipients’ responsibility when imposing sanctions on non‐compliance in a welfare‐to‐work programme?
Authors: Torsvik Gaute , Molander Anders , Terum Lars Inge
Published: December 2021

The activation trend in social policy entails that caseworkers on the frontlines of the welfare state are expected to decide ‘reasonable’ activation requirements for clients and when and how non‐compliance should be sanctioned. This study investigates how caseworkers form judgements about their clients’ personal responsibility when activation requirements are violated and how their judgements about responsibility matter for the sanctions they impose. We find that caseworkers are sensitive to personal responsibility, varying the motivation for not fulfilling the activation requirement from a case where the client has less control (circumstances) to one with more control (choice) more than doubles sanctions.
Social assistance assessments of couple households: A vignette study on applicants’ ethnicity and gendered family roles
Authors: Hussénius Klara
Published: December 2021

Social work professionals’ assessments of social assistance (SA) eligibility for a heterosexual couple with a baby are examined. Professionals (n = 899) spread over 43 social service offices in 19 Swedish municipalities assessed a vignette. According to the vignette, one of the parents abstained from paid work to take parental leave, which caused the couple's need for SA. Two vignette dimensions were varied: the couple's ethnicity (Swedish/Arabic) and gendered family roles (mother/father going on parental leave). Data were analysed using multilevel logistic regression modelling. The results show that the combination of the couple's gendered family roles and ethnicity seems to have bearing on the assessments. Professionals were most prone to grant SA to couples with Swedish names where the mother went from work to parental leave. The lowest granting rate was found in assessments of couples with the same gender setting and Arabic names.
Digital industrial accidents: A case study of the mental distress of platform workers in South Korea
Authors: Kim Suyoung , Kang Myungjoo , Park Joonhyeog
Published: December 2021

The increase in the number of platform workers has led to active discussions on the various difficulties they face. Existing studies on their work‐related accidents have focused on physical, traffic‐related accidents in offline places. However, platform workers are more likely to suffer from psychological stress or illnesses while performing immaterial and cognitive labour in the virtual space. Through in‐depth interviews with 30 platform workers in South Korea, this study investigated platform workers’ mental distress and identified five common psychological problems: (a) stress from real‐time assessment in public space; (b) exhaustion from working without work‐life boundaries; (c) infringement of privacy through exposure of private life; (d) verbal abuse in non‐face‐to‐face relations; and (e) isolation from working alone. In doing so, this study seeks to define the mental difficulties of platform workers as digital industrial accidents and asserts the need to establish a new social security system for the digital economy.
Staffing critical care with nurses amid the COVID‐19 crisis: Strategies and plans
Authors: Mhawish Huda A. , Rasheed Akram M.
Published: December 2021

Aim

To describe a nursing staffing surge model in critical care units that can be used during a pandemic or crisis. This model may give useful guidance for hospitals or centers that must immediately react in response to the devastating challenges introduced by disease outbreaks.

Background

During the COVID‐19 pandemic, many hospitals were challenged to maintain the quality of care and safe practice in critical care units while accommodating the daily rapidly increasing number of infected cases that needed critical care. The nursing staffing shortage in critical care units and its consequences were among the top issues to deal with.

Method

This is a descriptive study about our experience in preparing for nursing staffing in critical care as a part of the COVID‐19 surge plan. We have used evidence‐based strategies to design our team‐based model for staffing during the COVID‐19 pandemic.

Results

The team‐based model for staffing during the COVID‐19 pandemic had shown success in dealing with the acute shortage of nursing staff in critical care units. We had implemented other additional supportive strategies to help enhance this staffing.

Conclusion

With the support of available evidence‐based resources and on‐the‐fly preparation and training, we were able to augment the tremendous increase in patient influx during the pandemic using the team‐based model.

Implications for nursing management

The team‐based approach and other strategies included in this article can help support critical care units with staff during crises. However, we strongly recommend developing a nursing deployment policy that makes staff redeployment and re‐allocation smoother, whenever needed.
Risk factors that predict major amputations and amputation time intervals for hospitalised diabetic patients with foot complications
Authors: Chou Yu‐Yu , Hou Chin‐Chun , Wu Chien‐Wei , Huang Dun‐Wei , Tsai Sheng‐Lin , Liu Ting‐Hsuan , Ding Lu‐Ming , Chang Chun‐Kai , Ou Kuang‐Ling , Chiu Yu‐Lung , Tzeng Yuan‐Sheng
Published: December 2021

Diabetes‐related lower extremity amputations are an enormous burden on global health care and social resources because of the rapid worldwide growth of the diabetic population. This research aimed to determine risk factors that predict major amputation and analyse the time interval from first hospitalisation to amputation by using standard management protocols and Kaplan–Meier survival curves. Data from 246 patients with diabetes mellitus and diabetic foot ulcers from the Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery of the Department of Surgery at XXX Hospital between January 2016 and May 2020 were analysed. Univariate and multivariate analyses of 44 potential risk factors, including invasive ulcer depth and C‐reactive protein levels, showed statistically significant differences for those at increased risk for major amputation. The median time from hospitalisation to lower extremity amputation was approximately 35 days. Most patients with abnormal C‐reactive protein levels and approximately 70% of patients with ulcers invading the bone were at risk for lower extremity amputations within 35 days. Therefore, invasive ulcer depth and C‐reactive protein levels are significant risk factors. Other potential risk factors for major amputation and the time intervals from first hospitalisation to amputation should be analysed to establish further prediction strategies.
Metacognition in nurse practitioner students: How nurse educators can best serve their students
Authors: Waryold Justin M. , Holliday Kathryn , Rodriguez Eric
Published: December 2021

The dynamic and changing healthcare environment requires educators to prepare nurse practitioner students with more than knowledge and skills. Healthcare providers need to be prepared with enhanced skills related to critical thinking and decision making. Metacognition training has been used by many disciplines within and outside of healthcare to prepare individuals to work in an environment that has volatility, uncertainty, complexity, ambiguity, and delayed feedback (VUCAD). This retrospective exploratory study uses computerized strategic management simulation (SMS) data to address the question: What parameters of metacognition do master's level nurse practitioner (NP) students excel versus underperform? Elements of Presentation: Presentation will include SMS parameters linked with the National Organization of Nurse Practitioner Faculties (NONPF) Core Competencies. In doing this, faculty can better assess students' individualized learning needs and tailor their academic education to address specific needs. Fifty‐nine master's level students completed SMS, measuring five unique parameters of metacognition (Crisis, Task, Strategy, People & Information Management). Students' mean and median scores were observed to be high range for crisis management; and moderate range for task management, strategy management, and people management. Conversely, mean and median scores were in the low range for information management. Knowledge gained from this study can be used for curriculum development and planning to ensure that the parameters of metacognition are demonstrated throughout the curriculum's content delivery, training exercises, and evaluation methods. Knowledge related to areas in which NP students score in the low range can be added to courses to assist students better.
Parallel lines in life, divergent lines in science: Complexity encompasses different worlds
Authors: Suedfeld Peter
Published: December 2021

This paper has two major parts. The first recounts the beginning and growth of the friendship between Siegfried Streufert and Peter Suedfeld, who in the mid‐1960s were graduate students in Harold M. Schroder's social psychology laboratory at Princeton University. Each continued to develop a different line of theory and research on cognitive aspects of personality and social psychology while maintaining their contacts and friendship. The second part describes the background, characteristics, and applications of the integrative complexity (IC) work of Peter Suedfeld and his collaborators and students.
The effect of frailty on the 24‐hour blood pressure pattern in the very elderly
Authors: Blauth Fernando Gioppo , Vilar Laís Araújo dos Santos , Pontes Victor de Carvalho Brito , Moriguti Júlio César , Ferriolli Eduardo , Lima Nereida Kilza da Costa
Published: December 2021

Frailty plays a crucial role in the management of hypertension in the very elderly and has a strong association with cardiovascular diseases. Nevertheless, its influence on the 24‐hour blood pressure pattern, including elevated asleep systolic blood pressure (BP) and the lack of BP fall during sleep (non‐dipping) has not been explored in a population above 80 years.

Patients older than 80 years were classified into frail or robust subtypes by the five item frailty phenotype criteria. All participants were submitted to office blood pressure measurements and ambulatory BP monitoring over a 24‐hour period. Nocturnal dipping was defined as nighttime BP fall ≥10%.

Thirty‐eight frail and 36 non‐frail individuals (mean age 85.3 ± 3.7 years; 67% females) were analyzed. Awake systolic and diastolic BP were similar for frail and robust individuals. Frail patients had higher systolic BP during sleep (128 ± 15 mm Hg vs. 122 ±13 mm Hg p = .04) and reduced systolic BP fall [1 (‐4.5 – 5)% vs. 6.8 (2.1 – 12.8)% p < .01]. Frailty was independently associated with higher risk of non‐dipping (OR 12.4; CI 1.79 – 85.9) and reduced nighttime systolic BP fall (‐6.1%; CI ‐9.6 – ‐2.6%). In conclusions, frailty has a substantial influence on nighttime BP values and pattern in patients older than 80 years.
Aquaporin expression and cholesterol content in eel swimbladder tissue
Authors: Drechsel Victoria , Schneebauer Gabriel , Fiechtner Birgit , Cutler Christopher P. , Pelster Bernd
Published: December 2021

Leakiness of the swimbladder wall of teleost fishes must be prevented to avoid diffusional loss of gases out of the swimbladder. Guanine incrustation as well as high concentrations of cholesterol in swimbladder membranes in midwater and deep‐sea fish has been connected to a reduced gas permeability of the swimbladder wall. On the contrary, the swimbladder is filled by diffusion of gases, mainly oxygen and CO2, from the blood and the gas gland cells into the swimbladder lumen. In swimbladder tissue of the zebrafish and the Japanese eel, aquaporin mRNA has been detected, and the aquaporin protein has been considered important for the diffusion of water, which may accidentally be gulped by physostome fish when taking an air breath. In the present study, the expression of two aquaporin 1 genes (Aqp1aa and Aqp1ab) in the swimbladder tissue of the European eel, a functional physoclist fish, was assessed using immunohistochemistry, and the expression of both genes was detected in endothelial cells of swimbladder capillaries as well as in basolateral membranes of gas gland cells. In addition, Aqp1ab was present in apical membranes of swimbladder gas gland cells. The authors also found high concentrations of cholesterol in these membranes, which were several fold higher than in muscle tissue membranes. In yellow eels the cholesterol concentration exceeded the concentration detected in silver eel swimbladder membranes. The authors suggest that aquaporin 1 in swimbladder gas gland cells and endothelial cells facilitates CO2 diffusion into the blood, enhancing the switch‐on of the Root effect, which is essential for the secretion of oxygen into the swimbladder. It may also facilitate CO2 diffusion into the swimbladder lumen along the partial gradient established by CO2 production in gas gland cells. Cholesterol has been shown to reduce the gas permeability of membranes and thus could contribute to the gas tightness of swimbladder membranes, which is essential to avoid diffusional loss of gas out of the swimbladder.
A new treatment option for poikiloderma of Civatte: 577 nm pro‐yellow laser
Authors: Sarac Gulbahar , Kapicioglu Yelda , Cenk Hulya
Published: December 2021

Background

Although many laser systems have been used in the treatment for Poikiloderma of Civatte (POC), there is no standard treatment guideline.

Objectives

We aimed to present our data on the efficacy and safety of single‐session pro‐yellow laser treatment for POC.

Methods

The study included 14 patients treated with pro‐yellow laser (QuadroStarPRO YELLOW® Asclepion Laser Technologies, Germany) between 2017 and 2019. Treatment had been applied in two passes during the same session; a general pass with 22 j/cm2 over the whole lesion, then, one more pass only on the telangiectatic lesions with 18 j/cm2 fluence.

They were evaluated based on their pictures taken before and 4 weeks after the treatment and scored by a 4‐item scoring in terms of the improvement (0:no change, 1:1%–25% mild, 2:26%–50% moderate, 3:51%–75% well, and 4:76%–100% excellent improvement).

Results

The mean age of the patients (1 female, 13 males) was 59.64 ± 8.16 years. Five patients had Fitzpatrick‐2 and 9 patients had Fitzpatrick‐3 skin types. Six patients had mild, 8 patients had moderate improvement, one of them has been illustrated in Figure 1. Sixty‐minute mild erythema was the only adverse effect observed.

Conclusions

We think that pro‐yellow laser is a good treatment option for POC treatment. Repeated sessions are required for the complete healing of the lesions, while one single session has proved to be deficient. We observed that it was a quite safe treatment option, especially for the neck region, which was inclined to scarring and atrophy development.
Indigenous Māori experiences of fundamental care delivery in an acute inpatient setting: A qualitative analysis of feedback survey data
Authors: Pene Bobbie‐Jo , Aspinall Cathleen , Wilson Denise , Parr Jenny , Slark Julia
Published: December 2021

Aim and Objectives

This study aimed to explore inpatient healthcare delivery experiences of Māori (New Zealand's Indigenous people) patients and their whānau (extended family network) at a large tertiary hospital in New Zealand to (a) determine why Māori are less satisfied with the relational and psychosocial aspects of fundamental care delivery compared to other ethnic groups; (b) identify what aspects of care delivery are most important to them; and (c) contribute to the refinement of the Fundamentals of Care framework to have a deeper application of Indigenous concepts that support health and well‐being.

Background

Bi‐annual Fundamentals of Care audits at the study site have shown that Māori are more dissatisfied with aspects of fundamental care delivery than other ethnic groups.

Design

Retrospective analysis of narrative feedback from survey data using an exploratory descriptive qualitative approach.

Methods

Three hundred and fifty‐four questionnaires containing narrative patient experience feedback were collected from the study site's patient experience survey reporting system. Content analysis was used to analyse the data in relation to the Fundamentals of Care framework and Māori concepts of health and well‐being. The research complies with the SRQR guidelines for reporting qualitative research.

Results

Four themes were identified: being treated with kindness and respect; communication and partnership; family is the fundamental support structure; and inclusion of culture in the delivery of care.

Conclusion

The current iteration of the Fundamentals of Care framework does not reflect in depth how indigenous groups view health and healthcare delivery. The inclusion of an Indigenous paradigm in the framework could improve healthcare delivery experiences of Indigenous peoples.

Relevance to clinical practice

Research around the application and relevance of the Fundamentals of Care framework to Indigenous groups provides an opportunity to refine the framework to improve health equity, and healthcare delivery for Indigenous people.
Research progress on the regulation mechanism of probiotics on the microecological flora of infected intestines in livestock and poultry
Authors: Shi S. , Liu J. , Dong J. , Hu J. , Liu Y. , Feng J. , Zhou D.
Published: December 2021

The animal intestine is a complex ecosystem composed of host cells, gut microbiota and available nutrients. Gut microbiota can prevent the occurrence of intestinal diseases in animals by regulating the homeostasis of the intestinal environment. The intestinal microbiota is a complex and stable microbial community, and the homeostasis of the intestinal environment is closely related to the invasion of intestinal pathogens, which plays an important role in protecting the host from pathogen infections. Probiotics are strains of microorganisms that are beneficial to health, and their potential has recently led to a significant increase in studies on the regulation of intestinal flora. Various potential mechanisms of action have been proposed on probiotics, especially mediating the regulation mechanism of the intestinal flora on the host, mainly including competitive inhibition of pathogens, stimulation of the host's adaptive immune system and regulation of the intestinal flora. The advent of high-throughput sequencing technology has given us a clearer understanding and has facilitated the development of research methods to investigate the intestinal microecological flora. This review will focus on the regulation of probiotics on the microbial flora of intestinal infections in livestock and poultry and will depict future research directions.
Food allergen ladders: A need for standardization
Authors: Venter Carina , Meyer Rosan , Ebisawa Motohiro , Athanasopoulou Panagiota , Mack Douglas Paul
Published: December 2021

Introduction

The process of gradually reintroducing food allergens into an individual's diet is referred to as food allergen “ladders”. There remain many questions regarding the foods chosen, structure and composition of the ladder, and medical and safety considerations. The COVID‐19 pandemic has propelled us into an era where medicine is increasingly practiced via online platforms, highlighting the need for standardized food allergen ladder approaches for successful and safe introduction of food allergens.

Methods

We performed a search of currently published food allergen ladders and obtained published information and clinical expertise to summarize current knowledge and suggest future standardized approaches for using food allergen ladders.

Results

There are currently a limited number of published milk, egg, wheat, and soy ladders. We suggest the following points should be considered when developing food ladders: (1) Food allergen: dose, time, and temperature of heating of the food allergen, simplicity of the ladder and recipes, the possible role of the wheat matrix, and testing for allergenic protein levels to standardize doses; (2) Nutritional factors: health and nutritional value of the foods in the ladder, taste, texture, and cultural appropriateness of foods should be considered; and (3) Medical aspects: consideration of which patients are safe to undergo ladders outside of the clinical setting, other safety aspects and risk factors for severe reactions, number of days suggested per steps, and availability and provision of rescue medication. Written instructions and recipes should be provided to families who wish to use food allergen ladders.

Discussion

Food allergen ladders used for gradual reintroduction of food allergens into a food allergic individual's diet are increasingly being used internationally. Standardization regarding the foods included in the ladder and medical considerations are required to practice patient‐centered care, best assist patients and families, and ensure safety.
Children born of genocidal rape: What do we know about their experiences and needs?
Authors: Uwizeye Glorieuse , DeVon Holli A. , McCreary Linda L. , Patil Crystal L. , Thayer Zaneta M. , Rutherford Julienne N.
Published: December 2021

Background

An often under addressed and tragic legacy of genocide is the conception of children from rape. While the experience has been documented from their mothers' perspective, the perspectives and needs of individuals born of genocidal rape has been under‐studied.

Methods

We conducted an integrative review of all peer‐reviewed articles that reported on studies conducted among individuals born of genocidal rape published through 2020. We used an inductive process to identify and describe the themes from those studies.

Results

Twelve studies met the inclusion criteria. Ten articles reported on youth born of genocidal rape in Rwanda aged between 16 and 21 years, and two articles represented the perspective of adolescents in the former Yugoslavia aged 1416 years. Four themes were indentified: (1) birth origin stories associated with the crime of the father, (2) fractured sense of belonging to the victim‐mother, perpetrator‐father, their families, and the community at large, (3) intergenerational legacy of trauma and family identity, and (4) strategies to move forward including knowing the truth about one's origin, mental health, and peer support.

Conclusion

These findings suggest that understanding increased risk of adverse health outcomes of youth born of genocidal rape could inform the design of evidence‐based interventions for these and similar populations.
TRIM39 is a poor prognostic factor for patients with estrogen receptor‐positive breast cancer and promotes cell cycle progression
Authors: Ogura Takuya , Azuma Kotaro , Takeiwa Toshihiko , Sato Junichiro , Kinowaki Keiichi , Ikeda Kazuhiro , Kawabata Hidetaka , Inoue Satoshi
Published: December 2021

Tripartite motif (TRIM) family proteins are involved in various biological processes and the pathophysiology of cancers. However, the roles of TRIM39, a TRIM family member, in breast cancer is not well‐understood. Here, we performed immunohistochemical study of TRIM39 protein in clinical estrogen receptor‐positive (ER+) breast cancer tissues from 108 patients. TRIM39 immunoreactivity (IR) was positively correlated with advanced stage (p < 0.001), large invasive tumor size (p = 0.012), and positive lymph node status (p = 0.002). Positive TRIM39 IR was significantly correlated with short disease‐free survival (DFS) (p = 0.001). Multivariate analysis revealed that the TRIM39 status is an independent prognostic factor in DFS (p = 0.049). Microarray analysis of MCF‐7 breast cancer cells treated with siRNA revealed that TRIM39 knockdown downregulated the cell cycle‐ and cell division‐related genes, including MLLT11, CDCA3, CDC25C, BIRC5, and ANP32E. Consistently, TRIM39 knockdown significantly suppressed proliferation and cell cycle transition to S phase in MCF‐7 and 4‐hydroxytamoxifen‐resistant (OHTR) breast cancer cells. These results suggest that TRIM39 promotes ER+ breast cancer growth by promoting cell cycle progression.
Suvorexant with or without ramelteon to prevent delirium: a systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Tian Yu , Qin Zaisheng , Han Yunyang
Published: December 2021

Delirium is a common and serious neurobehavioral syndrome, associated with prolonged hospital stays, and increased morbidity and mortality. As it remains unclear whether suvorexant with or without ramelteon prevents delirium in elderly hospitalized patients, we conducted a systematic review and meta‐analysis to evaluate, searching the PubMed, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, EMBASE, and EBSCOhost databases for all randomized controlled trials (RCTs), case–control studies, and cohort studies that investigated the effects of suvorexant with or without ramelteon on delirium in adult hospitalized patients. The primary outcome was the incidence of delirium. Two randomized controlled trials, 7 cohort studies and 2 case–control studies involving 2594 patients were included in this meta‐analysis. The results showed that both suvorexant alone (odds ratio (OR) = 0.30, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.14–0.65, P = 0.002) and suvorexant with ramelteon (OR = 0.39, 95% CI 0.23–0.65, P = 0.0003) reduced the incidence of delirium in adult hospitalized patients. Six studies involved the use of benzodiazepines; subgroup analysis performed separately in the suvorexant alone and suvorexant with ramelteon groups indicated that when benzodiazepine was administered, suvorexant with ramelteon was effective at reducing the incidence of delirium (OR = 0.53, 95% CI 0.37–0.74, P = 0.0002), but no significant difference was observed for suvorexant alone (OR = 0.40, 95% CI 0.11–1.53, P = 0.18). The current literature thus supports the effectiveness of suvorexant with or without ramelteon for delirium prevention, although suvorexant alone failed to significantly reduce the incidence of delirium when benzodiazepine was administered. The present study was limited by the significant heterogeneity among the included studies, and caution should be exercised when interpreting the results. This study was registered in the PROSPERO database (CRD4202017964).
Religious innovations of chieftaincy in Ghana: Pentecostal Christianity and the complex persistence and transformation of Akan chieftaincy
Authors: Prempeh Charles
Published: December 2021

Chieftaincy is an important indigenous political system in West Africa. In Ghana–based on ancestral cult–the institution has gone through and survived the major historical epochs–precolonial, colonial, and post‐independence–albeit with some changes. The institution's flexibility has been a singular source of its survival. This has made it possible for Pentecostals to become indigenous chiefs. In this article, I depend on a year's ethnographic research in Ghana in 2019 and a review of literature on chieftaincy in Africa to explore how Pentecostal chiefs negotiate the complex terrain between indigenous religion and Pentecostal Christianity–as they take up chiefly office. I argue that through creative innovation and investment in social services, Pentecostal chiefs subvert chiefly rituals and also legitimize their authority. In all this, I discuss the flexibility embodied in chieftaincy and Pentecostalism.
The novel HLA‐DRB1*03:178, ‐DRB1*03:179, and ‐DRB1*11:276 alleles identified in a healthy Brazilian individuals
Authors: Fabreti‐Oliveira Raquel A. , Oliveira Cíntia K. F. , Vale Eliane M. G. , Nascimento Evaldo
Published: December 2021

The novel HLA‐DRB1*03:178, ‐DRB1*03:179, ‐DRB1*11:276 alleles were identified in healthy Brazilian individuals.
Statins downregulateYAPandTAZand exert anti‐cancer effects in canine mammary tumour cells
Authors: Vigneau Anne‐Laurence , Rico Charlène , Boerboom Derek , Paquet Marilène
Published: December 2021

Canine mammary tumours (CMTs) are the most common neoplasms in intact bitches, and few chemotherapeutic options are available for highly invasive and metastatic tumours. Recent studies have shown the potential involvement of dysregulated Hippo signalling in CMT development and progression. Statins can activate the Hippo pathway by blocking protein geranylgeranylation (GGylation), resulting in decreased expression and activity of the transcriptional co‐activators YAP and TAZ. In this study, we therefore sought to determine if statins could exert anti‐cancer effects in CMT cells. Our results demonstrate that Atorvastatin and Fluvastatin are cytotoxic to two CMT cell lines (CMT9 and CMT47), with ED50 values ranging from 0.95 to 23.5 μM. Both statins acted to increase apoptosis and promote cell cycle arrest. Both statins also decreased YAP and TAZ expression and reduced the mRNA levels of key Hippo transcriptional target genes known to be involved in breast cancer progression and chemoresistance (CYR61,CTGFandRHAMM). Moreover, both statins effectively inhibited cell migration and anchorage independent growth, but did not influence matrix invasion. Taken together, our results demonstrate for the first time that statins act upon the Hippo pathway in CMT cells to counteract several molecular and cellular hallmarks of cancer. These findings suggest that targeting the Hippo pathway with statins represents a novel and promising approach for the treatment canine mammary gland cancers.
Maximizing mechanical stress in small urinary stones during burst wave lithotripsy
Authors: Sapozhnikov Oleg A. , Maxwell Adam D. , Bailey Michael R.
Published: December 2021

Unlike shock wave lithotripsy, burst wave lithotripsy (BWL) uses tone bursts, consisting of many periods of a sinusoidal wave. In this work, an analytical theoretical approach to modeling mechanical stresses in a spherical stone was developed to assess the dependence of frequency and stone size on stress generated in the stone. The analytical model for spherical stones is compared against a finite-difference model used to calculate stress in nonspherical stones. It is shown that at low frequencies, when the wavelength is much greater than the diameter of the stone, the maximum principal stress is approximately equal to the pressure amplitude of the incident wave. With increasing frequency, when the diameter of the stone begins to exceed about half the wavelength in the surrounding liquid (the exact condition depends on the material of the stone), the maximum stress increases and can be more than six times greater than the incident pressure. These results suggest that the BWL frequency should be elevated for small stones to improve the likelihood and rate of fragmentation.
Pushing the frontiers of density functionals by solving the fractional electron problem
Authors: Kirkpatrick James , McMorrow Brendan , Turban David H. P. , Gaunt Alexander L. , Spencer James S. , Matthews Alexander G. D. G. , Obika Annette , Thiry Louis , Fortunato Meire , Pfau David , Castellanos Lara Román , Petersen Stig , Nelson Alexander W. R. , Kohli Pushmeet , Mori-Sánchez Paula , Hassabis Demis , Cohen Aron J.
Published: December 2021

Improving DFT with deep learning

In the past 30 years, density functional theory (DFT) has emerged as the most widely used electronic structure method to predict the properties of various systems in chemistry, biology, and materials science. Despite a long history of successes, state-of-the-art DFT functionals have crucial limitations. In particular, significant systematic errors are observed for charge densities involving mobile charges and spins. Kirkpatrick
et al
. developed a framework to train a deep neural network on accurate chemical data and fractional electron constraints (see the Perspective by Perdew). The resulting functional outperforms traditional functionals on thorough benchmarks for main-group atoms and molecules. The present work offers a solution to a long-standing critical problem in DFT and demonstrates the success of combining DFT with the modern machine-learning methodology. —YS
Response to Comment on “An early Miocene extinction in pelagic sharks”
Authors: Sibert Elizabeth C. , Rubin Leah D.
Published: December 2021

Naylor
et al
. argue that the existence of multiple denticle types within a single species precludes the use of this metric as a measure of the decline of multiple shark species. We show that species-level shark diversity would have to decrease by >90% to account for the observed >70% denticle extinction, implying that the early Miocene shark extinction was larger than previously recognized.
World wide web
Authors: Voosen Paul
Published: December 2021

Researchers are weaving optical fibers into a low-cost network of seismic sensors that can probe Earth’s hidden dynamics
In Science Journals
Authors: Suleymanov Yury , Hines Pamela J. , Stajic Jelena , Osborne Ian S. , Malo Courtney S. , Sugden Andrew M. , Allen Nicola J. , Alderton Gemma , Scanlon Seth Thomas , Hurtley Stella M. , Vinson Valda , Olingy Claire , Wong Wei , Grocholski Brent , Kelly Priscilla N.
Published: December 2021

Highlights from the
Science
family of journals
How bad is Omicron? Some clues are emerging
Authors: Kupferschmidt Kai , Vogel Gretchen
Published: December 2021

New variant appears to evade immunity and shows signs of spreading more rapidly
How pandemic pressure is re-engineering clinical trials
Authors: Couzin-Frankel Jennifer
Published: December 2021

COVID-19 spurred nimbler trials that demand less of patients—and many changes may stick
Whole-Genome Sequencing of Klebsiella pneumoniae BASUSDALSc45PDB48, a Unique Strain Capable of Growing in Pesticide-Containing Medium, Isolated from Soil in Bangladesh
Authors: Rahman Md Atikur , Tahsin Sadiya , Sajib Salek Ahmed , Habib Mohammad Tanbir , Sujon Khaled Mahmud , Ferdaus Khandaker Md Khalid-Bin , Hoque K. M. F. , Ferdousi Zennat , Reza Md Abu
Published: December 2021

We report the draft genome sequence of
Klebsiella pneumoniae
strain BASUSDALSc45PDB48, isolated from pesticide-contaminated soil; this strain showed the ability to grow in a medium with cypermethrin as the only carbon source. The genome assembly comprised 5,249,704 bp, with 128.17 Ns per 100 kbp, an
N
50
value of 5,035,968 bp, a GC content of 57.57%, and 5,349 annotated genes.
Genome Sequence of the Reuterin-Producing Strain Limosilactobacillus reuteri INIA P572
Authors: Rodríguez-Mínguez Eva , Huedo Pol , Langa Susana , Peirotén Ángela , Landete José M. , Medina Margarita , Arqués Juan L.
Published: December 2021

Limosilactobacillus reuteri
is a beneficial bacterium that inhabits the gastrointestinal tract of different mammals. Diverse beneficial effects have been attributed to specific strains, in part mediated by the production of reuterin. Here, we report the draft genome sequence of
L. reuteri
INIA P572, a reuterin-producing strain isolated from pig feces.
Draft Genome Sequence of the Planctobacterium marinum Type Strain K7
Authors: Emsley Sarah A. , Pfannmuller Kaysa M. , Ushijima Blake , Saw Jimmy H. , Koyack Marc J. , Videau Patrick
Published: December 2021

Planctobacterium marinum
strain K7 is a Gram-negative gammaproteobacterium of the
Alteromonadaceae
family and is the sole type strain in the genus
Planctobacterium
. Presented here is the draft whole-genome sequence of
P. marinum
strain K7.