bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Prevalencia y factores de riesgo para sífilis en población indígena masculina de Paraguay, 2017
Authors: Estigarribia Gladys , Bertozzi Gloria , Méndez Julieta , Ríos-González Carlos , Ortiz Analía , Muñoz Sergio
Published: January 2021

Objetivo. Determinar la prevalencia y los factores de riesgo para sífilis en población indígena masculina de Paraguay durante el año 2017. Material y métodos. Se realizó un estudio observacional, descriptivo, con muestro probabilístico, estratificado y multietápico. Fueron incluidos indígenas de sexo masculino, mayores de 15 años de edad, de cinco familias lingüísticas residentes en Paraguay durante el periodo de estudio. Resultados. La prevalencia de sífilis en hombres de la población indígena de Paraguay fue de 4.50%. Los indígenas que tenían entre 15 y 20 años tuvieron 2.70 probabilidades de presentar sífilis. Asimismo, los participantes que reportaron múltiples parejas en el último año, sexo transaccional y consumir alcohol en la última relación sexual tuvieron 2.69, 3.06 ym 2.16 veces la probabilidad de presentar sífilis, respectivamente. Conclusiones. Se encontró una prevalencia moderada de sífilis en la población indígena masculina. La prevalencia fue de dos veces más para aquéllos que tenían más de dos parejas sexuales, sexo transaccional y que involucraban alcohol durante la práctica sexual.
Implicaciones clínicas del retorno al trabajo durante la pandemia
Authors: Aguilar-Salinas Carlos A
Published: January 2021

[no disponible]
A Battery-Powered Soft Electromechanical Stimulation Patch for Haptic Human-Machine Interfaces
Authors: Zhong Junwen , Qiu Wenying , Jiang Tao , Yao Archie , Shao Zhichun , Cheng Qilong , Liang Jiaming , Wang Dongkai , Bogy David , Zhang Min , Wang Xiaohao , Lin Liwei
Published: January 2021

One grand challenge in haptic human-machine interface devices is to electromechanically stimulate sensations on human skins wirelessly by thin and soft patches under a low driving voltage. Here, we propose a soft haptics-feedback system using highly charged, polymeric electret films with the annulus-shape bump contact structure to induce mechanical sensations on volunteers under an applied voltage as low as 5 volts. Together with bendable lithium ion batteries and a flexible circuit board, an untethered stimulation patch is constructed for active operations of at least 2 hours with low power consumptions. As an application example, a “silent haptic communication” system is demonstrated to transmit English alphabet letters via the mechanical beating patterns from a patch onto the fingertip of a receiving volunteer. The analytical model, design principle, and performance characterizations can be applicable for the integrations with other devices in wearable electronics toward various applications, including AR (augmented reality) and VR (virtual reality).
Prevalence and Prognostic Value of Myocardial Injury in the Initial Presentation of SARS-CoV-2 Infection among Older Adults
Authors: Arnau-Barres Isabel , Pascual-Dapena Ana , López-Montesinos Inmaculada , Gómez-Zorrilla Silvia , Sorli Luisa , Herrero Marta , Horcajada Juan Pablo , Nogues Xavier , Vazquez Olga , García-Giralt Natalia , Miralles Ramon , Güerri-Fernández Robert
Published: January 2021

Myocardial involvement during SARS-CoV-2 infection has been reported in many prior publications. Data about this condition in older adults is scarce especially its role in clinical prognosis. We aim to study the prevalence and the clinical implications of acute myocardial injury (MIN) during SARS-CoV-2 infection, particularly in older patients.MethodsLongitudinal observational study where all consecutive adult patients admitted to a COVID-19 unit between March to April 2020 were included. Those patients aged ≥65 were considered as older patients. MIN was defined as at least 1 high-sensitive troponin (hs-TnT) concentration above the 99th percentile upper reference limit with different sex-cutoff.ResultsAmong the 634 patients admitted during the period of observation 365(58%) had evidence of MIN (hs-TnT>14 pg/mL), and among those 224(61%) were older adults. Individuals with acute MIN were more prone to be older, had more comorbidities, more functional decline at admission, and higher inflammatory parameters. Among older adults, MIN was associated with longer time to recovery compared to those without MIN [13 days(IQR 6-21) vs 9 days(IQR 5-17);p<0.001 repectively. In-hospital mortality was significantly higher in older adults with MIN at admission vs those without MIN [71(31%) vs 11(12%);p<0.001]. In a logistic regression model adjusting by age, sex, severity and Charlson comorbidity index the OR for in-hospital mortality was 2.1 (95% CI:1.02-4.42;p=0.043) among those older adults with MIN at presentation.ConclusionMIN is frequent in individuals with SARS-CoV-2 infection, especially in older adults and in patients with pre-existing comorbidities and with higher inflammatory levels. Older adults with acute myocardial injury had greater time to clinical recovery, more severe presentation of the disease and higher odds of in-hospital mortality.
Overexpression of MpbHLH Transcription Factor, An Encoding ICE-Like Protein, Enhances Foc TR4-Resistance of Cavendish Banana
Authors: Li Haochen , Hu Chunhua , Xie Aifeng , Wu Shaoping , Bi Fangcheng , Dong Tao , Li Chunyu , Deng Guiming , He Weidi , Gao Huijun , Sheng Ou , Yi Ganjun , Yang Qiao-Song , Dou Tongxin
Published: January 2021

Background: Fusarium wilt is a worldwide problem that restrains the development of banana industry. Isolation and identification of resistance genes is not only significance for the selection of disease resistant varieties, but also important for banana molecular breeding. Results: In this study, an ICE1-like transcription factor containing bHLH domain was cloned from Dajiao (Musa spp. ABB group) and named MpbHLH. We found that overexpression of MpbHLH in Cavendish banana (Musa spp. AAA group) could significantly enhance Fusarium wilt resistance which is caused by Foc TR4. Transcriptomics and proteomic analysis showed that phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL) and peroxidase (POD) were highly expressed in transgenic plants. Physiological experiments further revealed that transgenic plants, especially their roots, had high POD activity. Conclusions: Overexpression of MpbHLH up-regulates the phenylpropanoid pathway-related genes and POD-associated genes in transgenic Cavendish banana. These changes may eventually lead to the improvement of disease resistance.
Infant Mortality in Rural and Post-Conflict Areas in South Kivu, Eastern DR Congo: A Cross-Sectional Study 
Authors: Ngaboyeka Gaylord , Malembaka Espoir , Lyabayungu Pacifique , Lwamushi Samuel , Cikomola Aimé , Mulumeoderhwa Pierrot , Ntambwe Albert , Balaluka Ghislain
Published: January 2021

Background: The infant mortality rate in the province of South Kivu remains one of the highest in the Democratic Republic of Congo (DR Congo). The aim of this study is to estimate this mortality by identifying the associated factors in the health zones of Walungu and Miti-Murhesa, rural and post-conflict health zones of South Kivu, eastern DR Congo.Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional study in two post-conflict rural health zones, Miti-Murhesa and Walungu, between July 2016 and September 2017. Our study population consisted of women giving birth from two aforementioned areas during the period of study in which a structured questionnaire assessing the survival of the child resulting from the previous pregnancy was administered. Qualitative variables were described as counts and proportions and quantitative variables as means or medians depending on their distribution. To determine the factors associated with child survival, simple and multivariate logistic regression models were constructed. The materiality threshold was set at 5%. Results: The infant mortality rate is 49.7 ‰ in the two study areas overall and specifically 52.6 ‰ in Miti-Murhesa and 46.56 ‰ in Walungu. The factors associated with this mortality were the age of the mother under 20 years old [adjusted odds ratio ( ORa) = 2.3, 95% CI : 1.1-4.5 ; p = 0.022], household size greater than or equal to 7 people [( ORa = 3.7 ; 95% CI : 1.9-7.3 ; p <0.001 )], prematurity [( ORa = 25.5 ; 95% CI : 9.9-65.4 ; p < 0.001)], home birth [( ORa = 1.9 ; 95% CI : 1.3-2.9 ; p = 0.001)], the inter-reproductive space less than 12 months [( ORa = 5.3 ; ORa : 3.3-8.5 ; P < 0.001 )], not using LLINs [( ORa = 2.2 ; 95% CI : 1.4-3.3 ; P < 0.001 )].Conclusion: Infant mortality in the post-crisis rural area of South Kivu remains high although it is relatively low compared to the national average (58 ‰). However, efforts still need to be made in order to hope to achieve the Sustainable Development Goals.
Role of the Choroidal Vascularity Index in Branch Retinal Vein Occlusion with Macular Edema
Authors: Hwang Bo-Een , Kim Mirinae , Park Young-Hoon
Published: January 2021

The purpose of this study was to assess choroidal vasculature changes in eyes with branch retinal vein occlusion (BRVO) and macular edema (ME) using the choroidal vascularity index (CVI) and evaluate the effectiveness of CVI as a prognostic biomarker. 35 patients (70 eyes) with BRVO and ME were analyzed retrospectively. Luminal and stromal areas in choroids of swept-source optical coherence tomography were calculated using the image binarization technique. The CVI was calculated as the ratio of the luminal to total choroidal area. The CVI of BRVO and ME eyes were compared with that of the unaffected fellow and post anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) injected eyes. A regression analysis was performed on the choroidal parameters and logMAR visual acuity (VA) two years post disease onset. The CVI of BRVO and ME eyes was significantly lower than the fellow and post-injected eyes (p<0.05). The regression analysis showed a strong association between two years after logMAR VA and the CVI of fellow eyes (R2=0.433, p<0.001). No remarkable R2 values were observed in the CVI and subfoveal choroidal thickness of BRVO and ME eyes (R2=0.189, 0.155, respectively, p<0.05). Reduced CVI in BRVO and ME suggests that retinal ischemia and choroidal vascular changes might be closely related. The fellow eye CVI could be a useful supplementary prognostic biomarker.
Association of Medical Male Circumcision and Sexually Transmitted Infections in a Population-Based Study: A Targeted Maximum Likelihood Estimation Approach
Authors: Amusa Lateef , Zewotir Temesgen , North Delia , Kharsany Ayesha , Lewis Lara
Published: January 2021

Background: Epidemiological theory and many empirical studies support the hypothesis that there is a protective effect of male circumcision against some sexually transmitted infections (STIs). However, there is a paucity of randomized control trials (RCTs) to test this hypothesis in the South African population. Due to the infeasibility of conducting RCTs, estimating marginal or average treatment effects with observational data, are of increasing interest. Using targeted maximum likelihood estimation (TMLE), a doubly robust estimation technique, we aim to provide evidence of association between medical male circumcision (MMC) and two STI outcomes.Methods: We investigated the associations between MMC and the two STI outcomes, HIV and HSV-2, using data from the HIV Incidence Provincial Surveillance System (HIPSS) study in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa. We estimated marginal odds ratios using TMLE and compared estimates with those from propensity score full matching and inverse probability of treatment weighting (IPTW). Results: TMLE estimates suggest that MMC was associated with 46.9% lower odds of HIV (OR: 0.531; 95% CI: 0.455, 0.621) and 20.5% for HSV-2 (OR: 0.795; 95% CI: 0.694, 0.911). The propensity score analyses also provided evidence of association of MMC with lower odds of HIV and HSV-2. For full matching: HIV (OR: 0.546; 95% CI: 0.402, 0.741), and HSV-2 (OR: 0.705; 95% CI: 0.545, 0.910). For IPTW: HIV (OR: 0.541; 95% CI: 0.405, 0.722), and HSV-2 (OR: 0.694; 95% CI: 0.541, 0.889).Conclusion: Using a TMLE approach, we present further evidence of a protective effect of MMC against HIV and HSV-2 in this hyper-endemic South African setting. TMLE has the potential to enhance the evidence base for recommendations that embrace the effect of public health interventions on health or disease outcomes.
Supporting Mental Health and Psychosocial Wellbeing Through Social and Emotional Learning: A Participatory Study of Conflict-Affected Youth Resettled to the U.S.
Authors: Stark Lindsay , Robinson Mackenzie , Gillespie Alli , Aldrich Jeremy , Hassan Wafa , Wessells Michael , Allaf Carine , Bennouna Cyril
Published: January 2021

Background A growing literature has drawn attention to the central role that schools play in supporting the adjustment of resettled refugee youth and promoting their mental health and psychosocial wellbeing. In particular, the recent proliferation of school-based social and emotional learning (SEL) initiatives presents an opportunity to strengthen supports for resettled adolescents. This participatory research study aims to understand how high school students resettled from countries in the Middle East and North Africa region are experiencing the challenges and opportunities of acculturation and the ways in which they believe schools can better support them in this process.Methods We analyzed primary data collected during focus group discussions as part of the SALaMA study. During these discussions, we used participatory ranking methodology to elicit adolescents’ suggestions on how high schools can better support students both academically and psychosocially after resettlement. Fourteen focus group discussions were held with male and female adolescents (14-20 years), selected purposively across six public high schools in Harrisonburg, Virginia, Austin, Texas, and Detroit, Michigan. Participants offered suggestions and then ranked them in order of importance using consensus ranking.Results Thematic analysis of the PRM results across sites produced a wealth of suggestions centered around three broad themes, namely: skills related to navigating social and academic challenges, culturally responsive teaching, and socially and culturally equitable learning environments. Conclusions Findings reported illustrate limitations of the conventional, universal SEL model and shed light on how schools can adapt transformative SEL strategies to serve their students better, especially newcomers from conflict-affected countries.
Deep lower-mantle water reservoir implied by the stability of a mixed-valence hydrous iron-rich oxide
Authors: Liu Lu , Yang Ziqiang , Yuan Hongsheng , Meng Yue , Giordano Nico , Sun Junliang , Du Xueyan , Dalladay-Simpson Philip , Wang Junyue , Zhang Li
Published: January 2021

The lower mantle, containing both primordial and recycled water, is the most massive potential water reservoir in the Earth. Geophysical and geochemical evidence combined have suggested that the largest heterogeneities in the deep lower mantle may serve as primitive deep-mantle reservoirs hosting a variety of incompatible species including hydrogen. To understand water storage in the deep lower mantle, we conducted experiments in the Fe-O-H, Fe-Al-O-H and Fe-Al-Mg-Si-O-H systems under high pressure-temperature (P-T) conditions, and discovered a previously unknown hexagonal phase (referred to as “H1-phase”) in all the systems. The single-crystal structure of the H1-phase was determined at 79 GPa with a unit-cell of a=10.022(2 )Å and c=2.6121(9) Å and the space group of P63/m, and its composition was obtained as Fe12.76O18H3.7 combining the structure determination and chemical analysis on the recovered sample. More importantly, about 20 mol% of MgO, Al2O3 and SiO2 can be incorporated into the H1-phase in a realistic mantle system Fe-Al-Mg-Si-O-H and its stability field is extended to at least 2400 km along a normal geotherm, implying that the H1-phase can store primordial water in the deepest lower mantle. Therefore, plume-generation zones originated from the deepest lower mantle provide a potential source for higher water contents in basalts associated with mantle plume components.
Chlorpheniramine maleate nasal spray in COVID-19 patients: Case Series
Authors: Torres Joselit , Go Camille C. , Chohan Farah A. , L. Genesis Camacho , Sanchez-Gonzalez Marcos A. , Ferrer Gustavo
Published: January 2021

The pandemic of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) posted a devastating global health crisis for almost a year already. Very little is known about this virus that scientists, physicians and the medical community struggled to find treatments of this novel virus. The vaccine that can potentially combat this virus is still an unknown reality hence, the repurposing of existing medical treatments such as chlorpheniramine maleate (CPM) could be a possible treatment and is being widely utilized. CPM is a safe and effective antihistamine with potent antiviral activity against various strains of influenza A/B, thus highlighting its great antiviral potential. We tested the virucidal potential of chlorpheniramine maleate (CPM) in a nasal spray composition currently in development as an anti-allergy medication. The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has a droplet mode transmission with a notably high viral load in the upper respiratory tract, especially the nose. Several studies had already postulated that the nose is possibly the primary route of entry of SARS-CoV-2 owing to the high expression of Angiotensin 2 converting enzyme receptors. We hypothesize that utilizing (CPM) nasal spray as an adjunct treatment to COVID-19 positive patients and reduce their clinical course and hasten their time to negativization via RT-PCR via nasopharyngeal swab. We present a series of four symptomatic patients with mild-moderate risks. CPM nasal spray was added to their current supportive treatment. All four patients showed rapid improvement of their clinical symptoms with a shorter than average time to negativization on repeat nasopharyngeal swab via RT-PCR. No safety issues were encountered during the course of treatment. Given its years of excellent safety profile with remarkable clinical results as shown in this case series, we conclude that CPM nasal spray may be a potential adjunct treatment option in patients with mild to moderate COVID-19 symptoms.
Multiomics Longitudinal Modeling of Preeclamptic Pregnancies
Authors: Maric Ivana , Contrepois Kévin , Moufarrej Mira , Stelzer Ina , Feyaerts Dorien , Han Xiaoyuan , Tang Andy , Stanley Natalie , Wong Ronald , Traber Gavin , Ellenberger Mathew , Chang Alan , Fallahzadeh Ramin , Nassar Huda , Becker Martin , Xenochristou Maria , Espinosa Camilo , De Francesco Davide , Ghaemi Mohammad Sajjad , Costello Elizabeth , Culos Anthony , Ling Xuefeng , Sylvester Karl , Darmstadt Gary , Winn Virginia , Shaw Gary , Relman David , Quake Stephen , Angst Martin , Snyder Michael , Stevenson David , Gaudilliere Brice , Aghaeepour Nima
Published: January 2021

Preeclampsia is a complex disease of pregnancy whose physiopathology remains unclear and that poses a threat to both mothers and infants. Specific complex changes in women's physiology precede a diagnosis of preeclampsia. Understanding multiple aspects of such a complex changes at different levels of biology, can be enabled by simultaneous application of multiple assays. We developed prediction models for preeclampsia risk by analyzing six omics datasets from a longitudinal cohort of pregnant women. A machine learning-based multiomics model had high accuracy (area under the receiver operating characteristics curve (AUC) of 0.94, 95% confidence intervals (CI): [0.90, 0.99]). A prediction model using only ten urine metabolites provided an accuracy of the whole metabolomic dataset and was validated using an independent cohort of 16 women (AUC = 0.87, 95% CI: [0.76, 0.99]). Integration with clinical variables further improved prediction accuracy of the urine metabolome model (AUC = 0.90, 95% CI: [0.80, 0.99], urine metabolome, validated). We identified several biological pathways to be associated with preeclampsia. The findings derived from models were integrated with immune system cytometry data, confirming known physiological alterations associated with preeclampsia and suggesting novel associations between the immune and proteomic dynamics. While further validation in larger populations is necessary, these encouraging results will serve as a basis for a simple, early diagnostic test for preeclampsia.
Endoscopic Submucosal Dissection vs Endoscopic Mucosal Resection for Colorectal Polyps. A Meta-Analysis 
Authors: Lim Xiong Chang , Nistala Kameswara Rishi Yeshayahu , Ng Cheng Han , Lin Snow Yunni , Tan Darren Jun Hao , Ho Khek-Yu , Muthiah Mark , Chong Choon Seng
Published: January 2021

Background: This extensive meta-analysis sought to compare the surgical, histological, and oncological outcomes between endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) and endoscopic mucosal resection (EMR) in the treatment of colorectal polyps, with subgroup analysis comparing the efficacy of ESD and EMR between Japan and the rest of the world. Methods: Embase and Medline databases were searched from inception to October 2020 in accordance with PRISMA guidelines for studies comparing en bloc, complete resection, margin involvement, resection time, need for additional surgery, complications, and recurrence rate of ESD with EMR. Results: 281,344 colorectal polyps from 21 studies were included. When compared to EMR, the pooled analysis revealed ESD was associated with higher en bloc and complete resection rate, and lower lateral margin involvement and recurrence. ESD led to increased procedural time, need for additional surgery, and perforation risk. No significant difference in bleeding risk was found between the two groups. Meta-regression analysis suggested only right colonic polyps correlated with an increased perforation risk in ESD. Confounders including polyp size and invasion depth did not significantly influence the en bloc and complete resection rate, bleeding risk and recurrence. In subgroup analysis, Japan performed better than the rest of the world in both ESD and EMR with perforation risk of 4% and 0.0002%, respectively, as compared to perforation risk of 8% and 1%, respectively, in reports coming from rest of the world.Conclusions: This meta-analysis demonstrated increased safety and efficacy of ESD and EMR done in Japan as compared with the rest of the world.
Parenting and Emotional and Behavioral Responses of Children and Adolescents to the COVID-19 Epidemic: A Cross-sectional Survey in China
Authors: Hou Zhiyuan , Du Fanxing , He Li , Francis Mark , Forshaw Mark , Woolfall Kerry , Lv Qian , Shi Lu , Yu Hongjie
Published: January 2021

To investigate parenting and children’s emotional and lifestyle responses to the COVID-19 epidemic, we conducted an online survey of random, representative sample of residents with children aged 3–17 years in mid-March, 2020 in China. 1655 parents were surveyed with 80.1% response rate. During the epidemic, half (49%) of children had stress symptoms and 10% had emotional problems; children had higher screen time, less exercise and worse sleep than before. Socially disadvantaged children were more vulnerable to the epidemic. Children whose parents communicated about the epidemic more frequently, who had irritable parents and experienced worse parent-child closeness had higher probabilities of emotional problems, stress symptoms and worse lifestyles. Improve parenting skills and communication quality is necessary during the epidemic.
Non-Invasive Assessment of Liver Steatosis: A Comprehensive Comparison of Biomarkers- and Ultrasound-Based Techniques
Authors: Kozlowska-Petriczko Katarzyna , Wunsch Ewa , Petriczko Jan , Syn Wing-Kin , Milkiewicz Piotr
Published: January 2021

Background & Aims: In view of limited reliability of the biopsy in the assessment of liver fat, a non-invasive, trustworthy and more accessible method estimating a degree of steatosis is urgently needed. While controlled attenuation parameter (CAP) is used to quantify hepatic fat, its availability in routine practice is limited. Therefore, the aim of this study was to compare the diagnostic accuracy of biomarker- and ultrasound-based techniques for the diagnosis and grading of hepatic steatosis. Methods: This was a prospective study of 167 adults with and without non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. As measured against CAP, we assessed Hamaguchi’s score and the hepatorenal index (HRI), and the following biochemical measures: the fatty liver index, hepatic steatosis index and lipid accumulation product scores during a single out-patient visit. Area under the receiver operating curve (AUROC) analyses were used to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of each test and to calculate optimal thresholds for the ultrasound techniques. Results: All non-invasive methods displayed high accuracy in detecting steatosis (mean AUC value ≥ 0.90), with Hamaguchi’s score and the HRI as the most precise. These two tests also had the highest sensitivity and specificity (82.2% and 100%; 86.9% and 94.8%, respectively). We propose new thresholds for Hamaguchi’s score and HRI for hepatic steatosis grading, indicated by optimal sensitivity and specificity. Conclusion: Ultrasound-based techniques are the most accurate for assessing liver steatosis compared to other non-invasive tests. Given the accessibility of ultrasonography, this finding is of practical importance for the assessment of liver steatosis in clinical settings.
Effect of PDCA on Improving the Compliance of Sepsis Bundles
Authors: Liu Chunxia , Liu Yun , Tian Yiqing , Zhang Kun , Hao Guizhen , Shen Limin , Du Quansheng
Published: January 2021

Background To explore the application effect of plan, do, check and action circulation management mode in improving the compliance of sepsis bundle treatment. Methods 132 patients with sepsis admitted from January 1 to December 31, 2018 were selected as the control group, and the bundle treatment measures of sepsis were routinely implemented, that is, the nurses received the confirmation notice of sepsis, measured the body temperature, blood pressure, central venous pressure (CVP), central venous oxygen saturation (ScvO2), indwelling catheter, etc., and the doctor ordered the infusion of antibiotics, rehydration, application of pressor drugs, blood culture and blood gas analysis, blood routine test, procalcitonin and other sample medical orders were immediately implemented by nurses, and the improvement of blood pressure, urine volume and skin endings was closely observed, Doctors and nurses reminded each other to complete the above treatment measures within 6 hours; 138 patients with sepsis admitted from January 1 to December 31, 2019 were selected as the observation group. The Department established a sepsis treatment group. All medical staff, under the leadership of the medical and nursing team leaders, took the same measures as the control group, supplemented by PDCA cycle management. Objective to compare the changes of compliance of medical staff to sepsis bundle treatment before and after the implementation of PDCA cycle management. Results Compared with the control group, the observation group achieved the completion rate of sepsis bundle treatment in 1 hour was 76.8% (65.9%), the completion rate in 3 hours was 82.6% (69.7%), and the completion rate in 6 hours was 87.7% (77.3%). The difference was statistically significant (P < 0.05). Conclusions The implementation of PDCA cycle management mode can effectively improve the compliance of medical staff to the bundle treatment of sepsis, improve the treatment efficiency of sepsis, and improve the quality of medical care.
A Digital Method of Evaluating Nonlinear Frequency Response Functions Based on Conditioned Spectral Analyses
Authors: Liu Wen-Tao , Zhang Yun , Wang Shou-Ren
Published: January 2021

This paper focuses on the issue of evaluating nonlinear frequency response functions (NOFRFs) of the nonlinear systems with a general input. A new digital approach of evaluating NOFRFs is proposed based on the method of conditioned spectral analysis (CSA). Firstly, a multiple-input/single-output (MISO) linear system with a series of power characterized inputs is obtained by decomposing a nonlinear system according to the NOFRFs theory. Secondly, the correlations among the inputs of various orders are removed by applying CSA method, obtaining an algorithm of identifying the NOFRFs and evaluating the contributions of different order nonlinearities to the output of the system. In the CSA procedure, the different order inputs are conditioned in the sequence from the first order to the highest order. Lastly, two kinds of nonlinear systems with a general input are simulated to verify the effectiveness of the proposed approach on evaluating the frequency response properties of nonlinear systems. It is shown that the results reached by the proposed method are very close to the numerical results obtained by the fourth order Runge-Kutta method, verifying that the proposed method is very effective on the evaluation of NOFRFs.
Single 3.3-fs Multiple-Plate Compression Light Source in Ultrafast Transient Absorption Spectroscopy
Authors: Chen Kai , Tamming Ronnie , Hodgkiss Justin , Lu Chih-Hsuan , Yang Shang-Da , Lin Chao-Yang
Published: January 2021

Ultrafast transient absorption spectroscopy is a powerful tool to reveal excited state dynamics in various materials. Conventionally, probe pulses are generated via bulk supercontinuum generation or (noncollinear) optical parametric amplifiers whilst pump pulses are generated separately from (noncollinear) optical parametric amplifiers. These systems are limited by either their spectral density, stability, spectral range, and/or temporal compressibility. Recently, a new intense broadband light source is being developed, the multi plate compression, which promises to overcome these limitations. In this paper, we analyze the supercontinuum generated by a single multiple-plate compression system to set a benchmark for its use in the ﬁeld of ultrafast pump-probe spectroscopy. We have compressed the supercontinuum to 3.3 fs using chirp mirrors alone, making it an excellent candidate for pump-probe experiments requiring high temporal resolution. Furthermore, the single light source can be used to generate both pump and probe pulses due to its high spectral density (>14.5 nJ/nm) between 490 and 890 nm. The intensity has an average shot-to-shot relative standard deviation of 4.6% over 490 to 890 nm, calculated over 2,000 sequential shots. By using only 1,000 shot pairs, a ΔT/T noise level of 2.6 × 10−4 RMS is achieved. Finally, as a proof of concept, the transient absorption spectrum of a methylammonium lead iodide perovskite ﬁlm has been taken, showing great signal to noise with only 1,000 shot pairs. These results show great potential for the employment of this technique in other spectroscopic techniques such as coherent multidimensional spectroscopy.
Endometriosis of the Lung: Case Report and Literature Review
Authors: Yao Jin , Zheng Hong , Nie Hui , Huang Jia-jia , Tan Na , Li Cheng-fang , Dong Xiao-li , Zhang Wen , Wang Jin-jing
Published: January 2021

Background: Lung endometriosis is an extremely rare gynecological disease. Literature reports suggest that most patients will show generic symptoms such as hemoptysis, pneumothorax, and hemopneumothorax, which can often result in misdiagnosis. There are case reports of 18 patients with lung endometriosis describing clinical manifestation, imaging changes, treatment and prognosis. To provide further information on this rare disease, we present a case of pulmonary endometriosis and a review of lung endometriosis.Case presentation: We report on a 19-year-old female who was admitted to hospital due to repeated menstrual hemoptysis for 3 months. Computed tomography during menstruation showed patchy high-density shadows sized approximately 0.5 cm × 0.5 cm × 0.5 cm in the right middle lobe of the lung. Following menstruation, hemoptysis and changes on CT imaging disappeared. Thoracoscopic right middle lobectomy, right lower lung repair, and closed thoracic drainage were performed. Postoperative histopathology confirmed lung endometriosis. There was no recurrence of symptoms after 6 months of follow-up. Conclusions: We review the literature on factors associated with lung endometriosis, diagnosis, and treatment options. We propose that the diagnosis for lung endometriosis should be made by comprehensively integrating patient reproductive history, clinical and imaging details as well as histopathology. Surgical resection appears to be an effective treatment for lung endometriosis.
COVID-19 ARDS is characterized by a dysregulated host response that differs from cytokine storm and is modified by dexamethasone
Authors: Sarma Aartik , Christenson Stephanie , Mick Eran , Deiss Thomas , DeVoe Catherine , Pisco Angela , Ghale Rajani , Jauregui Alejandra , Byrne Ashley , Moazed Farzad , Spottiswoode Natasha , Sinha Pratik , Zha Beth , Neff Norma , Tan Michelle , Serpa Paula Hayakawa , Ansel K. Mark , Wilson Jennifer , Leligdowicz Aleksandra , Seigel Emily , Sirota Marina , DeRisi Joseph , Matthay Michael , Consortium COMET , Hendrickson Carolyn , Kangelaris Kirsten , Krummel Matthew , Woodruff Prescott , Erle David , Calfee Carolyn , Langelier Charles
Published: January 2021

We performed comparative lower respiratory tract transcriptional profiling of 52 critically ill patients with the acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) from COVID-19 or from other etiologies, as well as controls without ARDS. In contrast to a cytokine storm, we observed reduced proinflammatory gene expression in COVID-19 ARDS when compared to ARDS due to other causes. COVID-19 ARDS was characterized by a dysregulated host response with increased PTEN signaling and elevated expression of genes with non-canonical roles in inflammation and immunity that were predicted to be modulated by dexamethasone and granulocyte colony stimulating factor. Compared to ARDS due to other types of viral pneumonia, COVID-19 was characterized by impaired interferon-stimulated gene expression (ISG). We found that the relationship between SARS-CoV-2 viral load and expression of ISGs was decoupled in patients with COVID-19 ARDS when compared to patients with mild COVID-19. In summary, assessment of host gene expression in the lower airways of patients with COVID-19 ARDS did not demonstrate cytokine storm but instead revealed a unique and dysregulated host response predicted to be modified by dexamethasone.
Identification of the Initial Water-Site and Movement in Gleditsia Sinensis Seeds and Its Relation to Seed Coat Structure
Authors: Mingwei Zhu , Song Dai , Qiuyue Ma , Shuxian Li
Published: January 2021

Background : Water uptake is essential for seed germination. However, Gleditsia sinensis seeds have a water-impermeable seed coat, which is beneficial for its adaption to the environment, but prohibits its germination without treatment. This feature may be associated with the structure of the seed coat. Thus, the aim of this research was to identify and describe the initial water uptake site and water movement and to determine the relationship between seed coat structure and water absorption. Results: A water temperature of 80 °C was optimal to break the hardseededness of G. sinensis seeds. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images revealed that the seed coat consisted of a palisade layer and light line that can hinder water entry into the seed. Also, a structure of vascular bundles existed in the 8hilar region. Hot water treatment caused the tightly closed micropyle to open and the cavity beneath it expanded; the layer of palisade cells in the lens was raised. The embryo dye-tracking tests showed that the radicle tip was the initial region to be stained red. After staining for 24 h, the red-stained area on the vascular bundle side of cotyledon was more extensive than that on the other side. Further studies by MRI maps indicated that the micropyle was the initial site for water imbibition. Some water then migrated along the space between the seed coat and the endosperm to the chalazal; simultaneously, the rest of the water reached the embryonic axis and spread into cotyledons. The maps of 20-24 h showed that water was unevenly distributed within the cotyledons in a way that the edge parts were more hydrated than the center. Blocking tests showed that the hilar region was the initial and an important region during seed imbibition. The medial region and chalazal portion were capable of imbibing water when the hilar region was blocked, but water absorption was later and slower than that through the hilar region. Conclusion: MRI technology provides a promising and non-invasive technique to identify the water gap and the path of water movement in the seed. Combined with the results of SEM, we can infer the relation between seed coat and its imbibition.
Poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)-reduced graphene oxide/copper-based metal-organic frameworks as a high-performance symmetrical supercapacitor device
Authors: Mohanadas Dharshini , Abdah Muhammad Amirul Aizat Mohd , Azman Nur Hawa Nabilah , Ravoof Thahira B.S.A. , Sulaiman Yusran
Published: January 2021

A novel poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)-reduced graphene oxide/copper-based metal-organic framework (PrGO/HKUST-1) has been successfully fabricated by incorporating electrochemically synthesized poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)-reduced graphene oxide (PrGO) and hydrothermally synthesized copper-based metal-organic framework (HKUST-1). The field emission scanning microscopy (FESEM) and elemental mapping analysis revealed an even distribution of poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT), reduced graphene oxide (rGO) and HKUST-1. The crystalline structure and vibration modes of PrGO/HKUST-1 was validated utilizing X-ray diffraction (XRD) as well as Raman spectroscopy, respectively. A remarkable specific capacitance (360.5 F/g) was obtained for PrGO/HKUST-1 compared to HKUST-1 (103.1 F/g), PrGO (98.5 F/g) and PEDOT (50.8 F/g) using KCl/PVA as a gel electrolyte. Moreover, PrGO/HKUST-1 composite with the longest charge/discharge time displayed excellent specific energy (21.0 Wh/kg), specific power (479.7 W/kg) and outstanding cycle life (95.5%) over 4000 cycles. Thus, the PrGO/HKUST-1 can be recognized as a promising energy storage material.
An Individual Alginate Lyase is Effective in the Disruption of Laminaria Digitata Recalcitrant Cell Wall
Authors: Costa Mónica , Pio Luís , Bule Pedro , Cardoso Vânia , Alfaia Cristina , Coelho Diogo , Brás Joana , Fontes Carlos , Prates José
Published: January 2021

In the present study, 199 pre-selected Carbohydrate-Active enZymes (CAZymes) and sulfatases were assessed, either alone or in combination, to evaluate their capacity to disrupt Laminaria digitata cell wall, with the consequent release of interesting nutritional compounds. An individual alginate lyase, belonging to the family 7 of polysaccharide lyases (PL7), was shown to be the most efficient in the in vitro degradation of L. digitata cell wall. The alginate lyase treatment, compared to the control, released up to 7.11 g/L of reducing sugars (p < 0.001) and 8.59 mmol/100 g dried alga of monosaccharides (p < 0.001), and reduced cell wall fluorescence intensity by 39.1% after staining with Calcofluor White (p = 0.001). The alginate lyase treatment also released beneficial monounsaturated fatty acids, particularly 18:1c9 (p < 0.001), and decreased the release of saturated fatty acids (p = 0.001). However, no liberation of proteins (p > 0.170) or pigments (p > 0.070) was observed. Overall, these results show the ability of an individual alginate lyase, from PL7 family, to partially degrade L. digitata cell wall under physiological conditions. Therefore, this CAZyme can potentially improve the bioavailability of L. digitata bioactive compounds for monogastric diets, with further application in feed industry.
Hydrodynamic Modeling of Turbulence Modulation by Particles in Swirling Gas-Particle Two-Phase Flow
Authors: Liu Yang , Zhou Lixing
Published: January 2021

Turbulence modulations by particles of swirling gas-particle two-phase flow the axisymmetric chamber is investigated. To fully consider the preferential concentrations and anisotropic dispersions of particle, a second-order moment model coupling particle-particle collision model was improved based on the Eulerian-Eulerian two-fluid approach and the kinetic theory of granular flow. Proposed model, algorithm and in-house codes are validated and they are in good agreement with the experiment. Effects of ultralight expanded graphite and heavy Copper particles with large spans of Stokes number on gas velocity and fluctuations, Reynolds shear stress and tensor invariants, turbulence kinetic energy, and vortices structures are numerically simulated. Results show turbulent modulation exhibits strongly anisotropic characteristics and keeps in close relationship with flow structure. The disturbances of modulations, the alternations of vortex evolution are enforced by heavy-large particle with higher Stokes numbers. Preferential accumulations of light particle at shear stress regions in low vortices are weaker than those of heavy particle. For axial turbulence modulations, heavy particle plays the primary role on inhibition action due to larger inertia and light particle contributes to enhancement effect due to excellent followability.
Developing a Tailored Implementation Action Plan for A Suicide Prevention Clinical Intervention in an Australian Mental Health Service: A Qualitative Study Using the EPIS Framework.
Authors: Zbukvic Isabel , Rheinberger Demee , Rosebrock Hannah , Lim Jaclyn , McGillivray Lauren , Mok Katherine , Stamate Eve , McGill Katie , Shand Fiona , Torok Michelle , Moullin Joanna C
Published: January 2021

Background: Tailoring implementation strategies to local contexts is a promising approach to supporting implementation and sustainment of evidence-based practices in health settings. While there is increasing research on tailored implementation of mental health interventions, implementation research on suicide prevention interventions is limited. This study aimed to evaluate implementation and subsequently develop a tailored action plan to support implementation, sustainment and scale-up of an evidence-based suicide prevention intervention - Collaborative Assessment and Management of Suicidality (CAMS) - in an Australian public mental health service.Methods: This study took place within a larger randomised stepped-wedge design suicide prevention trial. Approximately 150 mental health staff working within a regional and remote community Local Health District in Australia were trained in CAMS. Semi-structured interviews and focus groups with frontline staff and clinical leaders were conducted to examine barriers and facilitators to using CAMS. Data were analysed using a reflexive thematic analysis approach and mapped to the Exploration, Preparation, Implementation and Sustainment (EPIS) framework. This was followed by stakeholder engagement to design a tailored implementation action plan based on a ‘tailored blueprint’ methodology.Results: A total of 22 barriers to implementing CAMS were identified. Based on the perceived impact on implementation fidelity and the feasibility of addressing identified barriers, six barriers were prioritised for addressing through an implementation plan. These barriers were mapped to evidence-based implementation strategies and, in collaboration with local health district staff, goals and actionable steps for each strategy were generated. This information was combined into a tailored implementation plan to support the sustainable use of CAMS as part of routine care within this mental health service. Conclusions: This study provides an example of a collaborative approach to tailoring strategies for implementation on a large scale. Novel insights were obtained into the challenges of evaluating the implementation process and barriers to implementing an evidence-based suicide prevention treatment approach within a geographically large and varied mental health service in Australia.Trial registration: This study was conducted as part of the LifeSpan suicide prevention trial. Trial registration for LifeSpan in Australia New Zealand Clinical Trials Register, ID: ACTRN12617000457347. Prospectively registered on 28 March 2017.
Long-Term Exposure to PM2.5 and Cardiovascular Disease Incidence and Mortality in an Eastern Mediterranean Country: Findings based on a 15-Year Cohort Study
Authors: Jalali Soheila , Karbakhsh Mojgan , Momeni Mehdi , Taheri Marzieh , Amini Saeid , Mansourian Marjan , Sarrafzadegan Nizal
Published: January 2021

BackgroundEvidence concerning impact of long-term exposure to fine Particulate Matter<2.5 mm (PM2.5) on Cardio-Vascular Diseases (CVDs) for those people subject to ambient air pollution in developing countries remains quite scant. This study assessed the relationship of 15-year PM2.5 exposure and cardiovascular incidence and mortality rate in Isfahan province, Iran. MethodsThe cohort comprised 3081 participants over 35 years old and free of CVDs. They were selected through multi-stage cluster sampling in Isfahan, Iran. PM2.5 exposure for each individual was determined using satellite-based spatiotemporal estimates according to their residential addresses. CVD is defined here as fatal and non-fatal Acute Myocardial Infarctions (AMI) or stroke and sudden cardiac death. The risk of CVD incidence and mortality was calculated based on average PM2.5 exposure within a study period of 15 years using the Cox proportional hazard model upon adjusting individual risk factors. Annual averages of PM2.5 and the follow-up data of each residential area were combined. ResultsMean three-year PM2·5 exposure was 45.28 µg/m3 in the cohort, ranging from 20.01 to 69.80 µg/m3. The median follow-up was 12.3 years for the whole population. It is notable that 105 cardiovascular and 241 all-cause deaths occurred among 393,786 person months (27 and 61 per 100,000 person months, respectively). In well-adjusted models, 10 μg/m3 increase in PM2.5 corresponded to a 4% increase in the incidence rate of CVDs [0.95 CI=1.022, 1.054] (given p=0.0000014 per 10 µg/m3 increase in PM2.5, the Hazard Ratio (HR) for AMI was 1.073 [0.95 CI=1.029, 1.119] and Ischemic Heart Disease (IHD) was 1.052 [0.95 CI=1.034, 1.071]. No consistent association was found between PM2.5 concentration and CVD deaths (fatal AMI, fatal stroke, and SCD (Sudden Cardiac Death)).ConclusionsThe final results revealed that long-term exposure to ambient PM2.5 with high concentrations correlated with IHD incidence and its major subtypes positively, except for mortality. This finding supports the already found pieces of evidence that PM2.5 contributes to the high susceptibility of people in the eastern Mediterranean region to cardiovascular diseases after 15 years. The outcome accentuates the need for better air quality in many countries.