bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Non-communicable diseases awareness and control in a rural population in an epidemiologically advanced stage of transition (Kerala): results of the epidemiology of non-communicable diseases in rural areas study
Authors: Menon Jaideep C. , Sreedevi Aswathy , V. Beena K. , T. Rajesh , Attacheril Thankachan V. , S. Jaisoorya T. , N. Vijayakumar , Joseph Joseph K. , Menon Narayanan M. , Joseph Jacob , Thachil Ajit , Susheelan Rakesh P. , Banerjee Amitava
Published: June 2020

Background: India carries the greatest burden of non-communicable diseases (NCDs) amongst nations. It is estimated that by the year 2030 there will be 101 million diabetics, 218 million hypertensives in India. NCDs would account for 53% of deaths in India by the year 2020 of which CVD would be the cause in 43%. Kerala is the diabetic and cardiovascular disease capital of India, with rates of prevalence as high as twice the national average. The age-adjusted CAD mortality rates per 100,000 is 382 for men and 128 for women in Kerala.Methods: The study was carried out in 5 contiguous panchayats of Ernakulam district, Kerala state. The study was carried out in 2 Phases. In the first phase individuals self-reported non communicable diseases and risk factors through the medium of an ASHA administered Questionnaire. In the second phase blood tests were done in individuals from the study population in those above the age of 30 years.Results: Of the 114,064 surveyed 63,051 individuals were above 30 years of age with a prevalence of diabetes at 11.1%, hypertension 15.6% and dyslipidemia 6.9% when self-reported. In the Phase 2 of the study blood sugar, total cholesterol and blood pressure was measured in close to 8000 individuals in whom 48% of individuals with high sugars, 37% with high blood pressure and 85% with high cholesterol values were unaware of their disease status. More females were unaware of their diabetic and lipid status and males of their hypertensive status. About 25% of diabetics, 40% of hypertensives and 6% of dyslipidemics had normal values. This study provided prevalence of NCDs on a large enough scale to help in policy planning if not for the country at least for the state of Kerala.Conclusions: The study results suggested low awareness and poor control of NCDs in the study population.
Evaluation of effectiveness of COVID-19 training of tertiary health care workers
Authors: Thakre Sushama S. , Thakre Subhash B. , Jadhao Ashok , Dass Ruhi , Dhoble Manjusha A. , Tiwari Priti N.
Published: June 2020

Background: Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is an infectious disease caused by a newly discovered coronavirus. Most people infected with the COVID-19 virus experience mild to moderate respiratory illness and recover without requiring special treatment. Older people or patients with co-morbidities have been observed to develop a serious illness. Figures from health resources and media reports show high proportion of infection rates and deaths amongst the health care workers (HCW). Thus, a training was conducted to assess the knowledge of the health care workers regarding coronavirus infection and their preparedness to fight against the ongoing pandemic.Methods: A cross sectional study was conducted at Indira Gandhi Government Medical College, Nagpur. This study was carried out from 26th March to 24th April 2020. Total 486 participants (health care workers) who were present at the time of pre-test and post-test during the training were included.Results: In the present study, all the 486 participants filled the pre-test and post -test forms. The mean pre-test and post test scores of all the participants were found to be 17.73 (±5.004 SD)   and 20.93 (±5.033 SD) respectively. The difference between the means was observed to be significant.Conclusions: This study reflects that the training was quite effective which is evident from the pre-test and post-test assessment among the health care workers. But there is a need to create higher level of awareness amongst the younger group of doctors as they are the backbone of health care system.
Prevalence of stress among police worker: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Raju Somesh , Kumari Rina , Tiwari Sunita
Published: June 2020

Background: Globally, police work is considered to be one of the stressful occupations. They deal on a regular basis with an assortment of unique situations and stressors. Long working hours, irregular eating habits, shift duties and disturbed personal life produces stress in the police officer’s life. Aims: To assess the prevalence of stress in police worker and to see the association of stress with different variable.Methods: This cross-sectional observational study conducted on 245 police personal working at provincial armed constabulary (PAC), Sitapur. After informed consent, demographic data of individual such as age, duration of service, nature of duties, types of foods were recorded. Anthropometric parameters were measured using standardized techniques.  Stresses of subjects were recorded through pre structured questionnaire. Available data analyze by using chi-square test to see significance of association with different variables.Results: In this study mean age of individual was 40.34±8.23 and mean duration of service was 23.29±8.49. Majority (95.92%) of police worker were involved in shift duty and only 4.08 percent of individual involved in office work. 31.84% of subjects were having mild stress, 16.73% were having moderate and only 0.41% were having severe stress. Association of stress with duration of service or nature of job was not statistically significant.Conclusions: Stress level is high among police personnel. Different associated factor related to stress like faulty food habits and shift work need implementation of regular counselling and stress management program can help to reduce their stress.
Assessment of sexual identity, sexual-behavior and self-reported medical and psychosocial issues of men who have sex with men in Chandigarh, India
Authors: Sharma Anjali , Das Karobi , Saini Sushma Kumari , Ghai Sandhya , Mittal Sandeep , Kaur Manmeet
Published: June 2020

Background: Men who have sex with men (MSM) are a vulnerable group who are susceptible to high incidence of Sexually Transmitted Infections (STIs) and Acquired Immuno-Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS). The objective of the study was to assess sexual identity, sexual behavior and self-reported medical and psychosocial issues of MSM in Chandigarh, India.Methods: A total 115 MSM were included in the study from two Non-Governmental Organization (NGO) centres of Chandigarh and were selected using simple random sampling. The interview was conducted in the office of NGOs centre with the help of an interview schedule. Results were analysed using descriptive analysis.Results: Nearly half of the participants (48.7%) self-reported their identity as bisexual and 27.8% of them identified them as Kothi (passive partner). Approximately one third of (33.9%) MSMs reported their first sexual relationship as ‘non-consensual’ and 19.1% reported themselves as a victim of child abuse. Six percent participants reported symptoms of depressed mood, 22.6% of MSMs had suicidal thoughts and 11.3% had tried to attempt suicide at least once. STIs symptoms were reported by 15.6% of the participants in the last three months; while 2.6% were HIV positive.Conclusions: Psychosocial issues and health problems are triggering factors for suicidal ideation and suicidal attempt in the MSM population.
Rapid assessment of avoidable blindness in a district in central India: the survey findings
Authors: Dhawan Bodhraj , Dhawan Vaishali B. , Shukla Ajay Kumar
Published: June 2020

Background: Rapid assessment of avoidable blindness gives an estimate of burden of blindness and causes thereof. Aim of the study was to estimate prevalence of blindness and trends and outcome of cataract surgery in rural India using cluster sample survey.Methods: 30 clusters of 100 people aged above 50 years were selected by stratified cluster sampling. Participants were evaluated for history, vision and dilated fundus examination as per pre designed proforma.Results: Of the 3000 people listed severe visual impairment (visual acuity <3/60) was noted in 134 (4.5%) individuals (361 (6.02%) eyes). Blindness was noted in 107 (3.5%) individuals (483 (8.05%) eyes). Cataract was the most common cause of visual impairement in 18.57% eyes. Pseudophakia was present in 551 (9.2%) eyes and 179 (3.0%) eyes had aphakia. Grade III and Grade IV PCO was noted in 52 (9.4%) and 14 (2.5%) eyes respectively.Conclusions: Untreated cataract continues to be the leading cause of avoidable blindness. Startegies are required to manage blindness following cataract while we plan to combat cataract related blindness.
Preference of tertiary care centres over peripheral health centres for routine NCD care: a cross-sectional study in hypertensive and diabetic individuals
Authors: Majgi Sumanth Maliikarjuna , S. Swathi Kamal
Published: June 2020

Background: Although there is a program for non-communicable diseases (NCD) control and facilities for their  management at the peripheral health centres (PHCs), many patients visit tertiary health care centres (THCs),  spending 25 -35% of their income for health care on a long term basis for routine NCD care. Objective of the study was to identify the reasons for these patients not visiting the nearest PHC facility and to estimate the money and the time spent by the patients visiting the THC for such unwarranted visits.Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted on 207 patients with diabetes mellitus and/or hypertension at Medicine OPD at K. R. Hospital, Mysuru, THC and the patients were interviewed with the help of a questionnaire.Results: All 207 (100%) were routine NCD care. 44% of the participants stated that they felt satisfied with services at THC while 5.8% had no specific reason to state for choosing to seek NCD care at THCs. Also, many patients are not aware of the facilities available at the PHC and hence visit THCs, even for routine NCD care. The average overall expense incurred per person per visit to the THC was approximately Rs. 640. The costs incurred on transportation and on drugs were statistically significant. The major contributing component for the total expense incurred was found to be the money spent on the drugs.Conclusions: Strengthening health systems are recommended by improvement in availability and prescription of essential NCD drugs along with creating awareness about various government schemes that offer good financial coverage for the poor households.
Awareness and practices of biomedical waste management in government health care facilities in Kamrup District, Assam
Authors: Ojah Jutika , Sharma Rakesh
Published: June 2020

Background: Biomedical waste (BMW) is waste generated in the course of healthcare activities. It is a matter of serious concern to health and environment agencies. Objectives of the study was to assess awareness and practice of healthcare personnels regarding biomedical waste management (BMWM) in government healthcare facilities (HCF) in Kamrup district and to assess training given to healthcare workers involved in BMWM.Methods: The present study was undertaken in 109 HCF in Kamrup District, Assam. The study duration was for one year and the study population included were healthcare workers (HCW) with the help of a pretested interview schedule to elicit the knowledge of BMW management. An observatory checklist was also used to find out the practices.Results: About one-fourth of 218 respondents belonged to age group 26-30 years. Half of the respondents were nurses, 17.9% were doctors, 12.8% were pharmacists and 8.3% were waste handlers. Majority (78.4%) were aware of BMWM rules. Awareness on  hazardness of healthcare waste, segregation of waste, maximum storage time of hospital waste, awareness about availability of  training on healthcare waste management were found to be more among the doctors (84.6%, 79.4%, 56.4%, 82.1% respectively) and less among waste handlers (44.4%, 33.3%, 38.9%, 44.4% respectively). Only 40.8% were trained. The practice of disposing BMW in specified colour coded containers were done by 56.4% HCW. Out of 18 waste handlers, only 16.7% had the practice of wearing all the personal protective equipments (PPE) while handling BMW. All total 59.6% HCW had been vaccinated against Hepatitis B.Tetanus vaccination was taken by 77.5% HCW.Conclusions: Sensitization and training in accredited centres for HCW should be done regularly to develop awareness and motivation. Continuous monitoring and inspection of HCF need to be done.
Unmet need for family planning among eligible couples in urban slums of Prayagraj District, Uttar Pradesh, India
Authors: Setu Yachna , Prakash Shiv , Parveen Khurshid , Singh Richa
Published: June 2020

Background: Unmet need for family planning is the major problem in developing countries. The use of family planning methods is better in urban areas as compared to rural areas and it is worse in urban slums. Thus unmet need for family planning is more in urban slums. Aims and objectives: To find out the prevalence of unmet need and to estimate the factors associated with unmet need for Family Planning.Methods: A community based cross sectional study was carried out on eligible couples selected from urban slums of Allahabad district by multistage random sampling and were interviewed by using pre-tested schedule. Data analysis was done by using SPSS version 21.Results: The study revealed that 22.47% (80/356) of eligible couples had unmet need for family planning. The most common reason for unmet need was irregular supply of family planning methods (31.25%), followed by opposition from husband/family members (21.25%), fear of side effects of using any family planning methods (17.25%), lack of knowledge regarding any family planning methods (13.75%). The unmet need for family planning was found to be associated with number of live births, education of female participants and occupation of male participants.Conclusions: The unmet need for family planning is high in slums areas and to improve the condition awareness should be created.
Presumptive pulmonary tuberculosis and its associated factors among adult patients availing out-patient services in a tertiary care center, Puducherry, South India
Authors: Vijayageetha Mathavaswami , Sen Arunima , Subramanian Sadhana , Anuja M. , Anushree Jha , Arya A. B. , Kishor Braj , Madhu Karam , Kavitha N. , Begum Mehartaz , Jana Pradip Kumar , Monu Pritesh , Patoda Santosh , Saravanan Essakky , Priya Surabhi Gitika , Chinnakali Palanivel , Kar Sitanshu Sekhar
Published: June 2020

Background: In line with WHO’s END TB strategy and Sustainable Development Goal’s vision, India has set a goal to eliminate tuberculosis by 2025. To meet this goal, intensified case finding is a strategy adopted by India’s national tuberculosis program. This study aimed to determine the proportion of presumptive pulmonary tuberculosis (PPTB) patients among outpatients of a tertiary care center and its association with socio-demographic and behavioral factors.Methods: A hospital based cross-sectional analytical study was done in a tertiary care center during November 2017 among outpatients aged 18 years or above. Known cases of tuberculosis (TB) were excluded. Information on socio-demographic characteristics and TB symptoms was collected using a structured questionnaire. A person with any symptom suggestive of TB, including, cough of any duration, subjective weight loss, and fever at present was considered to have PPTB. Presence of PPTB was reported as proportion with 95% confidence intervals. Association between variables and presumptive pulmonary TB was assessed using chi square test and prevalence ratio with 95% CI.Results: Among 2638 outpatients, 907 (34%) had PPTB. Cough was the most reported symptom (22.9%); followed by fever (10.0%), weight loss (13.9%) and hemoptysis (0.9%). PPTB was found to be significantly higher among males, smokers, alcohol users and patients having a history of contact with any TB patient.Conclusions: One-third of the outpatients had PPTB and this was high. A screening procedure could be incorporated within the hospital policy to identify outpatients with symptoms of TB.
Prevalence, risk factors and clinical profile of patients with cardioembolic stroke in South India: a five-year prospective study
Authors: Manorenj Sandhya , Barla Sudhakar , Jawalker Srikant
Published: June 2020

Background: Stroke is the second leading cause of mortality and morbidity worldwide. Cardioembolic stroke accounts for 15-30% of Ischemic stroke. There have been very few clinical studies on cardioembolic stroke, especially from India. Our aim was to provide a demographic, risk factor and clinical profile of patients with cardioembolic stroke in South India.Methods: A prospective study was conducted at the Neurology Inpatient Department over a period of 5 years from January 2013 to January 2018 collecting necessary information and data from all cases diagnosed as cardioembolic stroke.Results: 651 patients were diagnosed to have acute Ischemic stroke. Of the 76 patients (11.6%) diagnosed with cardioembolic stroke, 35 (46%) were females. Mean age was 53.5±12.2 years. Occurrence of cardioembolic stroke was seen to be higher (71% vs 28.9%, p value<0.0001) in patients of older age group (46 years or more). A significant proportion of patients of the older age group (37%) had hypertension (p value=0.0048). Coronary artery disease (CAD) was the most prevalent cardiac disorder, observed in 42 patients (55.2%), valvular heart disease in 22 patients (28.9%) and atrial fibrillation in 14 patients (18.4%). Limb weakness (84.2%) and Middle Cerebral Artery (MCA) territory (73.6%) infarct were observed in majority of the patients.Conclusions: Prevalence of cardioembolic stroke in this region is lower than reported worldwide. While male predominance of cardioembolic stroke was noted, old age and hypertension were the major vascular risk factors identified. CAD was the major source of cardioembolism.
Perceptions, attitudes and practices of menstrual hygiene among rural and urban high school girls in a northern district of Kerala
Authors: S. V. Aswathy Raj , C. Prabhakumari
Published: June 2020

Background: Menstrual hygiene practices are poor in developing countries and exist as an insufficiently acknowledged problem. The objective of this study was to assess and compare perceptions, attitudes, and practices among rural and urban high school girls.Methods: Cross sectional study was conducted in randomly selected 4 rural and 4 urban schools in Kozhikode district by cluster sampling method. 8th and 9th standard school girls who attained menarche were included in study. Data were collected by questionnaire.Results: Most of the girls gained information prior to menarche. Girls who wrongly perceived cause of menstruation was more in rural subjects compared to urban. Almost half of girls were either unaware or wrongly perceived source of bleeding. 50.9% urban girls were not mentally prepared for menarche as compared to 44.4% of rural girls. Majority of rural girls shared information with mothers compared to urban. 83.9% in rural and 78.2% urban had an attitude of menstruation as an unclean phenomenon. Majority had some form of restrictions during menstruation. Higher proportion of urban girls used sanitary pad compared to rural. 50.3% of urban and 42.8% of rural girls were disposing absorbent in to closet when at school. Among pad users, similar findings were noted at home also. A higher proportion of urban girls (55.9%) practiced good menstrual hygiene as compared to average hygiene practiced by rural girls (48.9%).Conclusions: The study shows significant rural-urban differences in perceptions, attitudes, and practices on menstrual hygiene in both areas.
A randomized study on the energy difference measured by electro photonic image on caregivers practiced Indian aesthetic dance and yoga
Authors: Hegde Jayashree R. , Melukote Sridhar K. , Vijayendra Karuna , Singh Deepeshwar
Published: June 2020

Background: Electro photonic image (EPI) technique based on the bio-energy field, is growing as a novel technique in the fields of alternative medicine, conventional practices, psycho-physiology, psychology, and consciousness. In this study, the EPI instrument is used to assess emotional pressure which is termed as activation coefficient (AC), communication energy (C) level of various organ systems, and entropy (E) in the human energy field is assessed in the caregivers (CGs) of children with neurodevelopmental disorders (NDDs).Methods: Immediate effect of Indian aesthetic dance (n=31) and yoga (n=30) practices for 75 minutes were assessed in two randomized experimental groups that are later compared with the control group (n=30). The statistical analysis was done using IBM SPSS Version 21.0.Results: The activation coefficient of intervention groups showed a significant reduction in stress levels (p<0.001). Indian aesthetic dance intervention group showed significant improvement in the energy level of the organ systems namely respiratory, endocrine, musculoskeletal and digestive system (p<0.001); cardiovascular, nervous and immune systems (p<0.01) and yoga group in respiratory, musculoskeletal, nervous system (p<0.001); and cardiovascular, endocrine, and immune system (p<0.01). Both the intervention groups showed a significant reduction in entropy (p<0.001) post-intervention compared to the control group.Conclusions: The EPI parameters used for CGs of children with NDDs explore the possibility of using this instrument for measuring the bioenergy field that infers the health status of CGs before and after dance and yoga interventions.
Scientific rationale of Yagya: a review
Authors: Chaube Ravi Kant , Chaube Vivek Kumar , Saxena Purnendu , Solanki Kuldip , Chandra Tiwari Rahul Vinay , Tiwari, Heena
Published: June 2020

Yagya is an ancient Hindu Vedic ritual aimed at ablution of the body and surroundings by reinforcing the natural equilibrium in various components of the body and ambient environment. Yagya is directed with selective medicinal preparation of herbs that is forfeited in the holy fire inflamed by specific woods along with the chant of distinct Vedic Hymes (mantras). Medicinal smoke significantly removes human pathogenic microbes. The vaporization and sublimation of ingredients of havan samagri in an inverted pyramid shaped yagya-kunda deliver vast amount of therapeutic and environmental benefits. The chemical transformation (into vapor or gaseous phase/ colloidal forms) of the herbal/ plant medicinal preparations in Hawan lead to release of medicinal phytochemicals; which affect many endogenous chemicals including hormonal axis. These fumes help in purifying the air and have anti-epileptic, anti-pyretic, anti-fungal, antibacterial effects amongst the numerous other benefits. Regular chanting of hyms helps in purifying the mind. Improvement has been noticed with respect to digestion, hypertension, mental agitation and sleep after chanting the Mantras.
Safeguarding nutritional opportunities of first 1000 days of life during a pandemic: infant and young children feeding practices in the context of COVID-19 in India
Authors: Varghese Anila , Agarwal Monika
Published: June 2020

Children have milder clinical course and better prognosis from SARS-Co-V-2 infection. But the after-effects of this pandemic can have severe repercussions on nutrition of children, especially those who are already malnourished. Poor nutrition in the first 1,000 days of a child’s life can lead to stunted growth, which is associated with impaired cognitive ability and reduced school and work performance. Misconceptions about breastfeeding, food insecurity hampering the procurement of nutritious food, competing household needs, psychological trauma that affects child care practices and disruption or reduced utilization of routine nutrition services can negatively impact infant feeding during the pandemic. If nutrition related factors contributed to about 45% of global under-5 mortality before the onset of COVID-19, the figures can increase if appropriate infant and young child feeding practices are not followed. Years of dedicated work has resulted in the infant feeding indicators we cite today. Efforts should be made to prevent backsliding, resulting in increased child malnutrition and mortality. Appropriate measures at the right time to protect, promote and support optimal IYCF practices and thereby safeguard the nutritional benefits of the first 1000 days of life during this pandemic, will pay rich dividends in terms of a healthier next generation.
Need of the hour, “health literacy”: the drug of choice for the current pandemic
Authors: Vaishnav Kritika , Galhotra Abhiruchi , Raj Utsav , Rai Nidhi
Published: June 2020

COVID-19 was officially declared a pandemic by World health organization on 11 March 2020. The most effective ways to protect yourself and others against COVID-19 are non-pharmacological methods. Therefore, prevention and supportive care are highly recommended so health literacy going to play an important role in preventing the diseases. It implies to the achievement of a level of knowledge, personal skills and confidence to take action to improve personal and community health by changing personal lifestyles and living conditions. Health literacy is still new and there is a paucity of published literature, there are few studies have demonstrated its effectiveness, many countries with good literacy have got good success in controlling this pandemic, for example Kerala in India. This demonstrated that education can support the weak and overburden health systems in successfully mitigating the effect of this global pandemic where the treatments and vaccines for it are in the development phase.
Potential impact of COVID-19 on Indian population, confirmed, deceased and recuperations from novel coronavirus: a current evidence-based review
Authors: Ravi Ravi Chandra , Ponugubati Charishma Chowdary
Published: June 2020

In the ending of 2019 China has shattered the world by bring up news of pneumonia of unfamiliar aetiology in Wuhan, Hubei. The amount of cases with similar presentation began to strike high. It was formerly addressed as 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) and currently called as severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARSCoV-2). The virus has affected 209 countries globally and was declared to be a pandemic issue by WHO. India was no less. Cases in India increased at an exponential rate. In order to curb this the Indian government halted the intercountry travel. This review enlightens the potential impact of COVID-19 on the Indians and people capitulated by the virus and fought back successfully.
Home quarantine: why the preference
Authors: Dkhar Sabira Aalia , Quansar Ruqia
Published: June 2020

In the existing pandemic of COVID-19, we have been hearing a lot about quarantine. Quarantine is to isolate from normal relations and routine activities or communication and is recommended for apparently healthy people who may have been exposed to the virus (suspects) and may potentially transmit the same to others. These healthy individuals may fall sick due to possible exposure and are therefore advised to go on self-quarantine or may be ordered by state or local administration to stay at home or in facilities like hospitals (public or private), hotels, schools, worship places etc. to isolate them from normal relations in order to prevent transmission of virus to others. Quarantine can be unpleasant and lasts for 14 days which is the presumed incubation period for the virus.
Health and transmission of fungi associated with seeds of Luehea divaricata
Authors: Quevedo Alexsandra Cezimbra , Muniz Marlove Fatima Brião , Walker Clair , Saldanha Mateus Alves
Published: June 2020

Research related to the pathology of seeds of native forest species, açoita-cavalo (Luehea divaricata), is scarce. This study aimed to evaluate the sanitary and physiological quality of whipshorse seeds and the possible transmission of fungi associated with the seeds to the seedlings, in lots from Santa Maria - RS. Were 100 seeds used, divided into four repetitions of 25 per lot (2016 and 2018) and test. The health test was carried out in which the seeds without asepsis were placed in “gerbox” boxes with filter paper substrate at a temperature of 25 °C, with a photoperiod of 12 h for seven days. The germination test and the fungi transmission test seeds were conducted in a germination room at a temperature of 25 ºC, and a photoperiod of 12 h. Only the seeds used in the germination test underwent asepsis. The evaluations of the two tests consisted of the First Germination Count (at 14 days) and the count in the number of normal, abnormal seedlings, and non-germinated seeds (at 28 days). In the health test, fungi were identified and quantified: Fusarium sp., Alternaria sp., Aspergillus sp., Penicillium sp., Rhizopus sp., Cladosporium sp., Pestalotia sp. and Epicoccum sp. The Fusarium genus was identified associated with the symptoms of browning and rotting in seedling roots in the transmission test. The sample from 2018 showed greater vigor, reaching 21% at 14 days, not different from the lot of 2016 that reached 10%. The lot of 2018 presented the best results concerning health, vigor, and germination.
Ruellia simplex cuttings propagation produced on carnauba waste substrate
Authors: Silva Taciella Fernandes , Do Lago Lopes Klayton Antonio , Dos Santos Janaiane Ferreira , De Almeida Sousa Ana Paula , Albano-Machado Francisca Gislene , Salustriano da Silva-Matos Raissa Rachel
Published: June 2020

The production of quality seedlings is necessary for the trading of ornamental plants. Seedling quality depends on several factors, among these factors, the substrate is highlighted. Thus, this study aimed to evaluate the effect of substrates based on bagana of carnauba, in the production of Ruellia simplex seedlings, by vegetative propagation. A completely randomized design was adopted, with six treatments and four replications. The treatments (substrates) were composed of bagana of carnauba (BC) and soil, in the following proportions: BC0 - 0% BC + 100% of soil; BC20 - 20% BC + 80% of soil; BC40 - 40% BC + 60% of soil; BC60 - 60% BC + 40% of soil; BC80 - 80% BC + 20% of soil; BC100 - 100% BC + 0% of soil. The plot consisted of a plant. After 45 days of cutting, it was evaluated: number of shoots; number of leaves per shoot; diameter of the highest shoot; length of the highest shoot; root length; inflorescence number; number of flowers per inflorescence; leaf area; root volume; aerial part fresh mass; root system fresh mass; aerial part dry mass; and root system dry mass. There was a significant difference for the variables, number of leaves per shoot, diameter and length of the highest shoot, number of flowers per inflorescence, fresh and dry mass of the aerial part. Having a direct relationship between the increase in the proportion of bagana of carnauba volume and the inflorescence number, the substrate 100% of bagana of carnauba is indicated.
Morphological study of middle cardiac vein in human hearts of north western UP and its application for interventional procedure
Authors: Agarwal Jolly , Agarwal Anurag , Sinha D N , Kumar Virendra
Published: June 2020

The aim of present study was to study morphology of middle cardiac vein in human hearts.

The study was conducted on middle cardiac vein of thirty human hearts with due clearance from ethical committee.

The mean diameter of middle cardiac vein was 2.57 1.16 mm and the mean length was 74.69 ± 21.10 mm. There was also statistically significant relationship between length of middle cardiac vein and weight of cadaver. In some hearts middle cardiac vein and small cardiac vein together form common trunk and then drain into coronary sinus.

Middle cardiac vein can be used for radio frequency ablation of a posteroseptal pathway. It can also be used for newer interventional technique such as selective catheterization. It may be one of the choices of implantation of pacing leads.
Assessment of cardiac autonomic activity by studying heart rate variability in adult psychiatric patients subjected to electroconvulsive therapy
Authors: Singh Sagoo Harinder , Gulrez Amit , Pramod John
Published: June 2020

The autonomic nervous system (ANS) plays a crucial role in normal functioning of the heart and is responsible for normal cardiac variability, which can be studied by recording (HRV) heart rate variability. HRV is an excellent, noninvasive tool used to show variation over time of period between consecutive heart beats and for assessment of cardiovascular regulation of ANS. Available literature is insufficient to document effect of Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) on HRV in psychiatry patients.

To explore the effect of ECT on HRV with a view to assess the safety of ECT in various age groups of patients requiring ECT.

This Non-Randomized comparison study without a control was conducted at a tertiary care teaching hospital in Ludhiana Punjab in 100 cases of ECT over a period of 2 years. A detailed general physical examination as well as systemic examination was done and observations were documented. Each patient was screened for indication for the ECT by the Psychiatrist. HR prior to ECT and HRV in immediate post procedure period were noted.

This study indicates that heart rate increased significantly after ECT but this variation remains within the homeostatic limits.

Although the study shows safety of ECT in psychiatric patients, it would be advisable to monitor HRV in ECT given in pre-existing cardiac illness.
Palmar & digital dermatoglyphic patterns in essential hypertension – A study in Puducherry population
Authors: Nancy Anitha , P Harisha , B Vijaykishan , Philip X Chandra
Published: June 2020

Hereditary factor plays a major role in the aetiopathogenesis of essential hypertension. Aging and positive family history increase the risk of hypertension. Development of dermatoglyphic patterns are regulated by genetic factors. So, in this study, we made an attempt to study the co-relation between palmar, digital dermatoglyphic patterns in essential hypertensive patients and normal persons in the Puducherry population. 50 patients with essential hypertension who were attending medicine OPD & 50 healthy volunteer controls were taken for the study under the age group of 30-60years. Digital and palmar dermatoglyphic impressions of both hands in cases and controls were taken using the modified Purvis Smith method along with their complete personal details for further analysis. The documents were analyzed using a hand lens for fingertip pattern, “atd” angle, and Sydney(S) line. The study results were found to have significantly increased (p=0.018) in loop patterns in (R) hand and insignificant (p=0.056) in (L) hand of cases compared to controls. Arch patterns were significantly higher in (R) (p=0.030) & (L) (p=0.000) hands of cases then controls. Whorls patterns were found to be significantly higher in (R) & (L) hands of controls (p=0.001). Mean ‘atd’ angle was significantly increased (p=0.000, p=0.020) in both hands of cases. Presence of Sydney line was seen rarely & equally in cases and controls. Increased frequency of loops & arches pattern with increased ‘atd’ Angle can be used as an external marker in early detection of hypertension and to plan for effective preventive strategies in the Puducherry population.
A cross sectional study of pulmonary function tests in street cleaners of Udaipur region
Authors: Sharma Meghshyam , Nepalia Raghav
Published: June 2020

The objective of this study was to compare the respiratory symptoms and pulmonary functions of dust-exposed street sweepers with those of unexposed individuals.

This Cross Sectional Study was done in the Department of Physiology, RNT Medical College, Udaipur. 84 individuals were selected via simple random sampling. These sweepers worked 8 h each day, 6 days a week, without using respiratory protective equipment. In addition to the exposure group, 80 employees with no occupational exposure to respiratory pollutants were randomly chosen from the office workers in the municipality as the control group. Participants underwent detailed direct interview, providing information of chronic respiratory symptoms, cigarette smoking, exercise history & occupational exposure along with complete physical examination.

non-smoker Street cleaners and non-smoker Control subjects are similar in Anthropometric terms like Age, Height and Weight. While there is statistically significant decrease in PEFR, FEV1 and FEF 25%-75% with FVC not decreased significantly among these groups. It means that non-smoker Street cleaners who were working for more than five years had developed Obstructive pattern(FEV1/ FVC ratio <80%) impairment of Lung functions. smoker Street cleaners and smoker Control subjects are similar in term of Age, Height and Weight. There is significant decrease in FEV1 and FEF 25%-75% while FVC is not changed significantly among these two groups. It means that smoker Street cleaners who were working for more than last five years had also developed Obstructive pattern (FEV1/ FVC ratio <80%) impairment of Lung functions.

In conclusion, it may be said that exposure to dust in sweepers has an immediate irritating effect on the respiratory tract, leading to some degree of lung function impairment.
Locating the perforators of the trapezius muscle with doppler ultrasound
Authors: Manyacka Ma Nyemb Philippe , Demondion Xavier , Fontaine Christian , Ndong Abdourahmane
Published: June 2020

Surgery that incorporates perforator flaps has developed rapidly in recent years. However, this type of surgery is hindered by anatomical variations in the location of the perforating arteries. These anatomical variations require preoperative imaging to plan the surgery properly. Through a Doppler ultrasound study of living subjects, the authors aim to map the perforators of the trapezius muscle.

Doppler color ultrasound was carried out in 22 healthy volunteers over the integuments covering the trapezius muscle. Using bone landmarks (spinous process line, inferior angle and spine of the scapula), all the identified perforators were inventoried based on their location, dimensions and direction.

Fourteen women and eight men were included in the study. Their mean age was 25.8 years and their mean height was 1.74 meters. The average number of perforators found on each side of the spinous process line was 10.64. The mean diameter of these perforators was 0.82 millimeters.

Preoperative Doppler ultrasound is useful for surgeons using trapezius perforator flaps, as it can accurately specify the location, diameter, trajectory of a perforator, and in a more general manner, its reliability.
A cadaveric study of the Arcade of Frohse
Authors: Vijaya Lakshmi Gaddam , Paul Laigy , Alex Lizamma
Published: June 2020

Arcade of Frohse (AF) is the free aponeurotic proximal edge of the superficial part of supinator muscle. The posterior interosseous nerve (PIN) passes deep to it before entering supinator muscle. AF is the most frequent cause of PIN compression and radial tunnel syndrome. Knowledge of anatomy of AF is essential for surgeons while performing PIN decompression surgery.

To study the morphology and morphometry of Arcade of Frohse.

The descriptive study was carried out in the department of anatomy on the cadavers that were routinely used for undergraduate education.

The AF was dissected out and studied in 60 upper limbs of adult human cadavers. Its shape and consistency were studied. The length, width and thickness of the arcade were measured using Vernier’s callipers.

: All measurements were recorded in mm and analysed using range, mean and standard deviation.

The shape of the arcade was semicircular in 13%, semi-oval in 17% and oblique elongated in 70%. The arcade was tendinous in 80% and membranous in 20%. The mean length, width and thickness of AF are respectively 13.1± 2.64 mm, 10.21± 2.57 mm and 0.43± 0.37 mm respectively.

Three types of morphology of AF have been identified based on the shape of the arcade. Tendinous AF was four times commoner than the membranous. The arcade had an average length, width and thickness of 13 mm, 10 mm and 0.4 mm respectively.
Assessment of awareness and knowledge regarding HIV/AIDS among first year MBBS students in a Medical College in Maharashtra India
Authors: Yadav Nisha , Khade Bipinchandra , Yadav Anurag
Published: June 2020

AIDS is a complex of illnesses caused by HIV. AIDS is the most advanced stage of HIV infection. According to recent reports by NACO, as many as 21.40 lac people are living with HIV (PLHIV) in India. Prevention of new HIV infections continues to be the mainstay of India’s national AIDS response. The lack of awareness and misconceptions about HIV/AIDS in the general population is mostly responsible for rapid spread of the disease and also with the social stigma attached with PLHIV in our country. Hence the present study was conducted to assess awareness regarding HIV/AIDS in newly admitted (First Year) medical students.

This was a cross-sectional study done on 122 First Year MBBS students of Shri Bhausaheb Hire Govt. Medical College, Maharashtra. Data was collected by pretested questionnaires and analyzed using percentage.

All students (100%) mentioned unsafe sex and infected blood transfusion as a risk behavior. Most of the respondents believed HIV infection can be transmitted from: HIV infected pregnant woman to her baby (93%), breast feeding (62%), contaminated syringes, needles and razors (98%), tattooing (64%) and IV drug abuse (66%). Students were aware that it does not spread through wearing clothes of HIV-infected persons (92%), mosquito bite (77%), hugging and shaking hands with an infected person (97%), sharing common toilets (81%), sharing common utensils like plates, cups and spoons (84%), saliva (81%), contact with urine (48%) and feces (51%), coughing and sneezing (75%) and sharing a meal (93%). Awareness regarding prevention of HIV/AIDS was also found to be high with percentage of students responding for oral contraceptive pills (84%), IUCD (61%), condoms(98%), health education(99%), avoiding untested blood transfusion(100% boys and 95% girls), use of disposable syringe (85%), avoiding breastfeeding (44%) and use of latex gloves (41%). 82% of respondents are willing to assist with the delivery of a baby born to a mother with HIV/AIDS. All students believed that a separate educational programme for awareness and sensitization towards HIV/AIDS for people engaged in healthcare is needed.

The present study shows that the medical students have somewhat better awareness and knowledge regarding HIV/AIDS than the general population. Still, there is a need for specific educational modules for imparting positive attitudes in medical students and healthcare providers in relation to people living with HIV/AIDS.
Adaptation Of Non-Sundanese Reporters In Collecting News In Bandung City
Authors: Nurmala Maila Siti , Muchtar Khoiruddin , Wibawa Darajat
Published: June 2020

The adaptation of non-Sundanese reporters is the object of this study; the aim is to find out the views of non-Sundanese journalists on Sundanese society in the city of Bandung, the self-concept owned by non-Sundanese journalists and how the adaptation of non-Sundanese journalists in gathering news. The methodology used is phenomenology with symbolic interaction theory. This study uses a qualitative approach: observation techniques, in-depth interviews do the process of data collection. The results showed that Non-Sundanese Journalists in Bandung City, most of the opinion. Sundanese people have a positive nature and easy to accept other people from outside the region who have cultural differences. For non-Sundanese journalists, when carrying out their profession as a journalist, they should have advantages compared to indigenous journalists so that they can survive in carrying out their duties in gathering news. Having education that is directed and professional in their fields, is capital in carrying out their profession so that they will become journalists who are expected and needed by others, wherever they are. Non-Sundanese journalists are expected to be able to adapt or adjust to the perceived differences in gathering news, especially from cultural and linguistic differences, so that enormous courage and patience are needed.
Commodification Of Islamic Values In The Ads Of "Hijab Fresh" Body Lotion
Authors: Setya Asla Eva , Amanda Gelgel Ni Made Ras , Pradipta Ade Devia
Published: June 2020

The development of the advertising world often follows the development of society. The close relationship between human and their religion is one of the factors that influence the packaging and advertising of products and then is wrapped in religious values. Changes and additions to the value of products with values that increase the selling power of the product are called commodification expressed by Mosco. One product advertisement with the commodification of religious values is a fresh hijab body lotion advertisement. This paper will describe how the process of commodification in advertisements through the symbols in the ad. This study is a qualitative study using Peirce's semiotic analysis. The process of commodification occurs through the shifting of the message and the impression given is seen from the clothing used by actors in advertisements, the behavior of actors in accordance with Islamic teachings and messages with words that reinforce advertisements in the form of audio or written on packaging and advertisements in mass media. So through this advertisement it is learned that religious values are often commodified to increase the sale value of a product through the symbols in its advertisements.
The Use of Concrete Media in Science Learning in Inquiry to Improve Science Process Skills for Simple Machine subject
Authors: Kejora Muhamad Taufik Bintang
Published: June 2020

This study aims to determine the improvement of science process skills with the media using concrete in science learning by inquiry.  The study was conducted using a quasi-experimental design with a nonequivalent control group design.  In the experimental group applied to learn to utilize concrete media in learning science in an inquiry, while the control class applied to conventional learning utilizing audio-visual media. Subject: The study included 60 students of class V Elementary School performances in Purwakarta district. The test results for the normalization gain skills enhancement process gain values obtained experimental class (N-gain 0.46) is greater than the value of the class gain control (N-gain 0.17).  Based on the test results mean difference two improvements by using the t-test, obtained t = 2.688 table = 2.045, with sig. 0.012 α 0.05 then H0 is rejected and Ha.  Therefore, inquiry science learning by utilizing concrete media can significantly improve students' science process skills.
Czynniki środowiskowe zwiększające ryzyko aktywacji i rozwoju chorób zapalnych jelit
Authors: Mrowicki Jerzy , Mrowicka Małgorzata , Majsterek Ireneusz
Published: June 2020

Nieswoiste zapalne choroby jelit (NChZJ) są szczególnie kłopotliwymi schorzeniami wpływającymi na ludzki przewód pokarmowy,  a w szczególności jelito. Choroby te przejawiają się w przewlekłym niekontrolowanym zapaleniem jelit, trudnym do opanowania, przebiegającym z okresami występujących samoistnie zaostrzeń i złagodzenia objawów. W zależności od różnorodności występujących objawów oraz  ich umiejscowienia w przewodzie pokarmowym człowieka schorzenia te mogą występować w różnych postaciach. Wśród dwóch najczęściej występujących można wyróżnić wrzodziejące zapalenie jelita grubego (WZJG) i chorobę Leśniowskiego - Crohna (ChLC). Chociaż podstawowa przyczyna aktywacji, a także późniejszego rozwoju nie jest jasno zdefiniowana, wiadomo że zaburzenia te mają podłoże autoimmunologiczne. Patogeneza NChZJ jest związana z przewlekłym idiopatycznym, nawracającym stanem zapalnym przewodu pokarmowego. Narażenie na wiele czynników ryzyka środowiskowego w życiu, które częściowo omówiono poniżej szczególnie u osób predysponowanych genetycznie do rozwoju tych schorzeń, może prowadzić do aktywacji przewlekłego procesu zapalnego w jelitach.