bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
BLUE-LIGHT BRIGADES AND THE POLITICS OF BAD DRIVING
Authors: Charnelle van der Bijl
Published: October 2021

The so-called blue-light brigade “bullies” who form part of the VIP Protection Unit continue to present a formidable danger to other road users and have become the controversial focus of media attention. (The VIP units are deployed to protect persons who qualify as VIPs (“Very Important Persons”).  Notably in the Western Cape, the intention has been expressed to introduce provincial legislation in an attempt to curb incidents of VIP blue-light brigade bullying. Although a Western Cape cabinet resolution was taken in November 2010 to the effect that blue lights and sirens were to be removed from provincial ministerial vehicles in the Western Cape, this decision does not have an impact on the other provinces. In the absence of specific legislation relating to the VIP units, the purpose of this article is to attempt to shed light from a criminal-law perspective, on the key issue of how far the possible “immunity” enjoyed by VIP units extends where road users are bullied for right of way or are injured or killed. Various offences will be investigated to establish under which provisions (if any) the VIP members may be held criminally accountable. This article will firstly analyse the road-traffic regulations and possible exemptions which may be applicable to VIP units. Secondly, the criminal liability of the VIP units will be examined with reference to some of the possible crimes and defences applicable. Lastly, constitutional issues in the context of blue-light brigades will be investigated.
MULTIPLE ACTS OF SEXUAL PENETRATION WITHIN A SHORT PERIOD OF TIME – SINGLE OR MULTIPLE ACTS OF RAPE? S v Willemse 2011 (2) SACR 531 (ECG)
Authors: GP Stevens
Published: October 2021

The case under discussion exposes a particular twilight zone in respect of the sexual offence of rape, and more specifically, the question as to when multiple acts of sexual penetration perpetrated by the same perpetrator within a relatively short time span, will constitute multiple acts of rape. The latter, in addition, specifically becomes problematic during sentencing. Once it has been established that a victim was raped more than once by an accused, a court is obliged in terms of section 51(1) of the Criminal Law Amendment Act 105 of 1997 (hereinafter “the Act”) to impose a sentence of life imprisonment, unless substantial and compelling circumstances exist to depart from the prescribed minimum sentence. The decision under discussion is of particular interest as the court was once again required to assess whether multiple acts of sexual penetration constituted a single act of rape, or multiple acts of rape and as such falling within the ambit of the provisions of the Act with regards to sentencing. A related issue addressed by the judgment, relates to the anomaly in respect of the appropriate approach to follow in cases of this nature relating to multiple acts of sexual penetration in order to assess whether these acts should be construed as multiple acts of rape, or as one single and prolonged act of rape.
SUPERFLUOUS LITIGATION, IN A WRONG FORUM ABOUT NOTHING: WHEN LAWYERS AND EXPERTS COLLUDE Motswai v RAF 2012 SA (GSJ) Case No: 2010/17220
Authors: Magda Slabbert
Published: October 2021

The case of Motswai v RAF (2012 SA (GSJ) Case No: 2010/17220, not yet reported) is a clear indication of how lawyers and experts should not act in a case against the Road Accident Fund (RAF). From the facts of the case it is clear that there was no need to institute an action, yet the lawyers proceeded and experts even wrote lengthy opinions on a bruised ankle. The only inference the judge drew from this was that the lawyers (and experts) were only concerned about being paid even if it meant being paid from the funds intended to compensate road accident victims. Satchwell J therefore after analysing all the evidence made a cost order that neither the plaintiff’s nor the defendant’s attorneys should receive any fees at all in respect of this claim or litigation. The expenses incurred in respect of “experts” should not be a burden on the public purse and therefore the attorneys should meet these disbursements de bonis propriis. She further stated that counsel should be paid only on a scale of the Magistrate’s Court and it should not include trial fees.
JUDICIAL RECOGNITION OF THE APPLICATION OF THE MAXIM RES IPSA LOQUITUR TO A CASE OF MEDICAL NEGLIGENCE Lungile Ntsele v MEC for Health, Gauteng Provincial Government (unreported as yet, Case Number: 2009/52394 (GSJ) dated 24 October 2012)
Authors: Pieter Carstens
Published: October 2021

It is trite law, in context of medical negligence, that the onus of establishing civil liability on the doctor’s part lies with the patient and liability must be established on a preponderance of probabilities. It is to be noted that, should the plaintiff be unable to prove his/her case on a preponderance of probabilities, judgment will be given in favour of the defendant; a court may, however, also order absolution fromthe instance. In delict, the plaintiff bears the onus to prove a wrongful act/omission on the part of the physician, as well as the element of fault (in the form of negligence) and that the act or omission caused him to suffer damages or personal injury. Where a defendant raises a special defence such as consent, contributory negligence or prescription, the onus of proof will be on the defendant. Generally, however, the application of the maxim of res ipsa loquitur is treated by the courts as a particular form of inferential reason, requiring careful scrutiny and giving rise to an inference of negligence rather than a presumption of negligence. The South African courts thus far have been reluctant to apply the maxim to cases of medical negligence, despite persuasive legal arguments that have been put forward that the maxim should be applied in specific circumstances with regard to the proof of medical negligence. In this respect general principles for the effective application of the maxim in cases of medical negligence, are, inter alia, that principles of procedural equality and constitutional considerations dictate that the maxim be applied in cases of medical negligence. It is for this reason that the present judgment under discussion (in tandem with s 27 of the Constitution) is instructive, despite the majority judgment of the Appellate Division (as it wasthen) in 1924, in Van Wyk v Lewis (supra), where it was held that the maxim does not find application in cases of medical negligence.
A SOCIAL ECONOMY AND SUSTAINABILITY: IS THERE POTENTIAL FOR AN INTERFACE?
Authors: Rochelle le Roux
Published: October 2021

South Africa is plagued by high unemployment, extreme poverty and a worrying skills deficit. Job creation strategies focus on the formal economy, but some argue that the focus should shift to policies that would help with the expansion and development of the social (or solidarity) economy that exists alongside the public and private sectors. This sector is driven mainly by a concern to better the interests of their members, or to fulfil a public benefit, rather than to maximize profits. It has been argued that cooperatives provide a suitable vehicle for organizing workers in this sphere. Jackson (Prosperity Without Growth, 2011), in advancing the idea of a sustainable economy, calls for macro-economic interventions that, inter alia, include a structural transition to service-based activities and working-time policies aimed at thefacilitation of shared work. The former strategy (structural transition to service-based activities), although developed in a completely different context, shares many synergies with the underlying notions associated with the development of a social economy. It evolves around business models providing services which are resource-light, but which are not the same as the service sector development which,worldwide, is associated with a concomitant decline in the primary and secondary sectors.The article explores, first, the potential of the social economy as a site for the creation of decent jobs and the possible role in this regard of structures such as cooperatives and, second, whether any meaningful lessons can be drawn in this regard from the research that has be done on the “greening” of economic growth.
DETERMINING THE THRESHOLD FOR ORGANIZATIONAL RIGHTS: THE LEGAL QUAGMIRE FACING MINORITY UNIONS RESOLVED – South African Post Office v Commissioner Nowosenetz No (2013) 2 BLLR 216 (LC)
Authors: Clarence Tshoose
Published: October 2021

The issue of organizational rights facing minority unions has been a quagmire since the advent of the Labour Relations Act 66 of 1995(hereinafter “the LRA”). This quagmire exists, notwithstanding the fact that the Constitution affords every trade union the right to engage in collective bargaining (s 23 of the Constitution, 1996). The acquisition of organizational rights by trade unions plays a crucial rolein as far as collective bargaining is concerned. It is through collective bargaining that unions are able to negotiate with employers regarding the terms and conditions of employment. Commentators have often viewed the LRA as favouring larger unions and as conferring clear advantages on unions with majority support at the industry level. Chapter III of the LRA regulates collective bargaining. Whereas this chapterostensibly promotes a pluralistic approach to organizational rights it is unequivocally biased towards majoritarianism. This is the case despite minority trade unions fulfilling an important role in the current labour system especially when it comes to the balance of powerin the employment arena. In light of the above, the legal quagmire faced by the minority unions in the quest for acquiring organisation rights in terms of the relevant provisions of the LRA is clearly illustrated by the decision in South African Post Office v Commissioner Nowosenetz No ((2013) 2 BLLR 216 (LC) (hereinafter “ the South African Post Office case”)).
ADVANCING THE RIGHTS OF HETEROSEXUAL LIFE PARTNERS IN RESPECT OF LOSS OF SUPPORT Paixão v Road Accident Fund 2012 JDR 1749 (SCA)
Authors: Lizelle Ramaccio Calvino  , Desan Iyer
Published: October 2021

The advent of the Constitution, as well as a reorientation in societal values, has seen old Western traditional rules being confronted with new challenges. The era of social change has consequently underscored the need for family law reform in certain areas of the law. A key aspect of family law and one that has come under constitutional scrutiny in recent times is that of persons living together as same-sex or heterosexual life partners. Life partnerships have none of the ex lege consequences of a civil marriage, and as such the consequences of a legally recognised marriage do not generally apply to life partners. A range of statutes have, however, given rise to specific spousal benefits being awarded to life partnerships , whilst, in the absence of same-sex partners being able to legalise their relationships, a number of ad hoc judgments have extended certain additional consequences of a civil marriage to same-sex life partners. The disparity in extending spousal benefits to same-sex life partners, to the exclusion of heterosexual life partners, raises the question of the tenability of the present legal position of life partnerships in light of the fact that the Constitution of South Africa is underpinned by values of equality and non-discrimination. Despite a decade of the aforementioned inequality, there seems to have been some movement made in restoring the dissimilarity of benefits afforded to same-sex life partners to the exclusion of their heterosexual counterparts. In this regard, the Supreme Court of Appeal has, of late, delivered judgments affording unmarried dependants in heterosexual life partnerships the locus standi to institute claims for loss of support arising from the wrongful death of a breadwinner. In this regard the case of Paixão is of particular importance as the case factors in the boni mores of society by finding that a tacit agreement between heterosexual life partners establishes a contractual reciprocal duty of support that is worthy of protection. The Paixão decision therefore shows a willingness to advance South Africa’s common law by affording protection to unmarried heterosexual life partnerships in line with their same-sex counterparts, as precipitated by the rights and values laid down in the Bill of Rights.
UNDERESTIMATING THE PROBABILITY OF COINCIDENCE
Authors: MA Muller
Published: October 2021

Coincidences are more common than most people might expect. It is quite possible that different pieces of evidence that seem to point in the same direction do so coincidentally. We come to the best possible conclusion about (say) the probability of guilt only after careful analysis of the combination of probabilities of the respective pieces of evidence has been performed in conformance with the principles of probability theory. Several methods are available for the evaluation and handling of such contingencies. Depending on the way a particular situation presents itself, Bayes’s theorem in one of its equivalent guises is often used. The danger in avoiding this type of reasoning is that incorrect conclusions may be drawn, believing that events are somehow beyond coincidence. When it happens in a court of law it may be extremely prejudicial to the accused. Coincidences are best understood within the context of probability theory.
THE DSM-5 AND THE ROLE OF PERSONALITY DISORDERS UNDER THE CRIMINAL LAW
Authors: Charnelle van der Bijl  , Letitia Pienaar
Published: October 2021

The DSM-5 Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders was published in 2013. This manual replaced and significantly revised the former DSM IV-TR, as it abolishes the Multi-Axial system that distinguished between personality and otherdisorders, which system had an impact on the disorders that were considered legally significant from those that were not. Owing to its recent publication, the DSM-5 Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, was not judicially considered in a criminal-law context. This article examines the role that personality disorders in the DSM-5 will play on the possible future of Criminal Law jurisprudential literature. Personality disorders are examined in the context of their classification, the definition of mental illness and pathological criminal incapacity. Possible solutions are suggested on how these mental disorders may be accommodated in the Criminal Law context.
INCIDENTAL FINDINGS IN BIO BANKS IN SOUTH AFRICA: ETHICAL AND LEGAL ISSUES
Authors: Maureen Mswela  , Patricia Molusi
Published: October 2021

Biobanks have come to be essential apparatuses of genetic and genomic research as they are seen as essential tools for translational medicine in particular. Various unique ethical and legal challenges arise in the course of biobanking as biobanks generate a range of ethical and legal challenges related to privacy, informed consent, control and ownership, withdrawal of samples, commercialization, genomic sovereignty, return of results, incidental findings, and research governance. These issues have generated much policy debate within the international world, and yet in South Africa, debates on the ethical and legal challenges posed by biobanks and biobank networks still remain alienated. According to Wolf, biobanks are the dominant part of a “biobank research system,” consisting of primary research also known as collection sites, the biobank, and secondary research sites that access biobank data or samples for further research. Therefore, incidental findings could arise at several points in a biobank-research system, that is, in primary research, biobank research, and secondary research. Within the South African context literature and guidance are sparse on the handling of significant incidental findings which are identified in biobank systems. How incidental findings should be handled as well as the role of biobanks in enabling this process, are well-founded concerns. Unresolved in South Africa, is how to manage incidental findings of potential health, reproductive, environmental and medicinal risk that are of particular importance to individual contributors. With a proposal for a national biobank in South Africa, it is apparent that researchers as well as clinicians are anticipated to access data from biobanks and to this end, laws, clear public guidance and regulations on the handling of incidental findings are indispensable.
DEEMED DISMISSALS AND SUSPENSIONS IN THE PUBLIC SECTOR Grootboom v National Prosecuting Authority (2014) ILJ 121 (CC)
Authors: Marcus Kgomotso Mathiba
Published: October 2021

Two forms of suspension are known in South African law, namely, punitive and precautionary suspensions. Punitive suspensions are given as a form of a disciplinary sanction, while precautionary suspensions are effected pending an investigation. In the latter case, the suspension allows the employer time and space to conduct an investigation and to prevent the employee from tampering with the enquiry. Whether the suspension culminates in the employee’s dismissal or reinstatement, the LRA demands that the employee be treated fairly as an unfair suspension may constitute an unfair labour practice in terms of section 186(2)(b) of the Labour Relations Act (the LRA).In case of a dismissal the LRA requires that a dismissal must be both substantively and procedurally fair. With regard to the procedural fairness requirement, the Code of Good Practice (Chapter 8 of the LRA) suggests that the employer hold an enquiry to determine whether there is a ground or grounds for dismissal. The enquiry does not have to be formal but the employer must inform the employee about the allegations and give such employee an opportunity to state a case in response. However, the Code mentions that in exceptional circumstances the employer can dispense with pre-dismissal procedures, if that employer is reasonably unable to follow these guidelines. The Public Service Act 103 of 1994 (PSA) is an example of legislation that allows employers to dispense with the procedural guidelines of the Code, citing the employee’s unauthorized absence as an exceptional circumstance. Section 17(3)(a)(i) of the PSA states that a public-service employee who absents himself or herself from official duties without permission from of his or her head of department shall be deemed to have been discharged from the public service on account of misconduct. Section 17(3)(b) affords an opportunity to employees so discharged to make representations to their employers, showing good cause why they should be reinstated. Section 14(1)(a) of the Employment of Educators Act 76 of 1998 (EEA) contains provisions similar to those of section17(3) of the PSA, however, these apply only to educators.One can probably take the right to make representations mentioned above as an equivalent of the right to procedural fairness in the LRA, and also as a measure of complying with the guidelines stipulated in the Code. However, the right to make representations is distinct from the procedure under the LRA because it does not take effect unless invoked by the employee. Since the enactment of the PSA and the EEA, the position of suspended employees has been uncertain. The Constitutional Court in Grootboom v National Prosecuting Authority ((2014) ILJ 121 (CC)) dealt with deemed dismissals in the PSA and the EEA and the extent to which the provisions of these Acts can apply to suspended employees in the public sector. These issues are explored in this case note.
Antiochiai Szent Margit legkorábbi magyarországi kultusza
Authors: Uhrin Dorottya
Published: October 2021

The present study focuses on the appearance of the cult of Saint Margaret of Antioch in medievalHungary. Duke Álmos, the brother of King Coloman (1095–1116), founded a monastery at Meszesand a collegiate chapter at Dömös in honour of the saint. Earlier literature has argued that the cultof Saint Margaret already existed in the eleventh century, and used this to explain the church foundationsof Duke Álmos, even though analysis of the sources revealed that the veneration of SaintMargaret cannot be proved before the very end of the eleventh century. The name of the saint mighthave been known to clerics earlier, but the first trace of her veneration in Hungary is the foundationsof Duke Álmos. The monastery of Meszes likely was located in his duchy, and thus Álmosmust have founded it before King Coloman stripped him of his duchy. This means that he mostlikely founded it at the very end of the eleventh century. Then Álmos founded a collegiate chapterdedicated to St Margaret in Dömös, the centre of his new territory. The chapter was consecrated in1108, and thus construction started in the first years of the twelfth century. Imre Orbán argued thatÁlmos chose Saint Margaret as patron saint because the legend of the saint (i.e. Margaret defeatingthe dragon) symbolized his struggle against the incompetent ruler (Coloman). This idea might havebeen inspired from the Chronicon Pictum, which describes Coloman as malformed, though that partof the chronicle is not reliable. Moreover, the legend of Margaret centres upon the confrontationof Christianity with Paganism, rather than her fight with the dragon. While exploring those topics,the present study sheds light on the provenience and the dating of the Saint Margaret Sacramentary,the earliest liturgical book of Hungary. The codex was certainly made for a Benedictine monasterywhich was dedicated to Margaret. The Hungarian dynastic saints’ cults stand out in the codex whichmight connect it to the royal family. Consequently, the Sacrament perhaps was made for the Benedictinesof Meszes, but eventually was used in the chapter of Dömös.
Matthaeus Tympius retorikai vonatkozású művei Magyarországon
Authors: Knapp Éva
Published: October 2021

Der Theologe, Rhetoriklehrer und Kanzelredner Matthaeus Tympius (1566–1616), Verfasser zahlreicher Predigt-, Exemplum- und Loci communes-Sammlungen, Rhetorikhandbücher, Streitschriften und moralisch-didaktischer Werke, Übersetzer, Initiator der Gründung der Universität Münster und eines verbesserten Schulsystems, hat seine Arbeiten nach etwa zwanzigjähriger Unterrichtstätigkeit in Köln, Jülich und Osnabrück in den ersten beiden Jahrzehnten des 17. Jahrhunderts herausgegeben. Tympius wurde von einem großen Teil der ungarischen rhetorikgeschichtlichen Forschung vergessen. Nach einhelligem Zeugnis der historischen Kataloge und der erhalten gebliebenen Exemplare gelangten vor allem die Werke mit rhetorischen Bezügen nach Ungarn; mit der Kenntnis von Arbeiten außerhalb dieses Kreises kann nur ausnahmsweise gerechnet werden. Tympius’ Name wird auch in Ungarn zu einem Begriff geworden sein, wie der Titel der in Prag 1686 erschienenen und auch in Ungarn bekannten Arbeit bezeugt: Tympius, sive Thesaurus novus phrasium [...]. Die sich zumeist an der Grenze zur Praeceptum-Literatur bewegenden Werke gelangten in fast alle Teile des Landes, und zwar unabhängig von den Konfessionsgrenzen. Andererseits betrachtete man diese Arbeiten infolge ihrer primären praktischen Ausrichtung im 18. Jahrhundert zunehmend als „unzeitgemäß” und überließ sie allmählich der Vergessenheit. Dies geschah ungeachtet dessen, dass es sich um im Unterricht gut brauchbare Werke mit abwechslungsreicher Sprache, anspruchsvoller Rhetorik und teilweise unterhaltsamem Inhalt handelt. Die neben der primären Rezeption erfassbare sekundäre Rezeptionsgeschichte, die Erschliessung weiterer Bibliotheken und die hier nicht berücksichtigten Komponenten des Tympiusschen Ungarnbildes deuten die wichtigeren Forschungsaufgaben in der Zukunft an. Tympiusʼ Arbeiten dürfen künftig in der Geschichte der rhetorischen Tradition des 17.–18. Jahrhunderts in Ungarn nicht mehr unberücksichtigt bleiben.
Batizi és kátéja
Authors: Fekete Csaba
Published: October 2021

This work of a Hungarian pastor of the age of the Reformation has been written and used as a guideby the author himself in elementary education before 1542 in Hungary, published during his peregrination at Wittenberg (Germany), sometimes before 1545, later at Cracow (Poland), 1550, then1555 modified in text and typography at Kolozsvár (Cluj-Napoca, Roumania). There are only slightchanges of the basic text, except in the reworded frontispiece. Yet these may have reveal a breakin denomination.Batizi was a pupil of Melanchthon, and had a letter of recommendation from his master. Becauseof lack of contemporary sources there are uncertainities and misinterpretations as to the biographyof Batizi, and also concerning his denomination. The present study is dealing with linguisticanalysis of the Hungarian text, of printing errors, historical and theological evidences thereof tocorrect earlier statements, and mispresentation in deskbooks. Based on the collected data the claimhas been raised, that though the Transylvanian printinghouse was owned by and the printer beingGeorg Hoffgreff though, the work possibly has been forwarded not by him, but by Gaspar Heltai inthe third edition. Perhaps there was another lost edition of the Catechism, on which some changesof the text are based, clearly being diffrentiated between the original Lutheran wordig and changefor the Calvinist terms (e. g. Lords’ Supper for Holy Sacrament). Today we have only fragments andmutilated copies, so at points we can not be sure concerning all the detailes.Up to the first decades of the 17th century the introductory work by Batizi were in use to preparethe way for the Heidelberg Catechism, which was well known in Hungary from the year of editioprinceps of this famous work, but officially into Hungarian elementary education was invented onlyas late as 1646.
Бог, Рим, народ в cредневековой Европе
Authors: Бойцов Михаил , Воскобойников Олег
Published: October 2021

В основе книги «Бог, Рим, народ в средневековой Европе», продолжающей серию «Polystoria», — исследования, выполненные сотрудниками Лаборатории медиевистических исследований НИУ ВШЭ и их коллегами. Она посвящена различным аспектам культурной, религиозной и политической истории Средневековья на Западе и Востоке Европы. Помимо исследований здесь публикуется ряд средневековых сочинений, впервые переведенных с латыни и старопортугальского. Книга адресована историкам, филологам, историкам искусства, религиоведам, культурологам и политологам, а также широкому кругу читателей, интересующихся историей Европы.
Вильнюс: Город странников
Authors: Бриедис Лаймонас
Published: October 2021

В книге литовско-канадского географа и историка культуры Лаймонаса Бриедиса рассказывается история мультикультурной столицы Литвы начиная с ее «рождения в Европе» XIV века и до наших дней. Вильнюс как «географическая личность» и «исторический герой» показан глазами посещавших его «чужаков». Опираясь на многочисленные источники на разных языках, автор прослеживает, какими картографическими, политическими и культурными смыслами наделялся город в разные периоды своей истории. Столица языческого княжества глазами католических миссионеров; барочный город на просторах мифической Сарматии глазами европейских картографов; польская провинция глазами знаменитого путешественника и натуралиста Георга Форстера; город периода войны 1812 года глазами венского врача Йозефа Франка; Вильна в составе Российской империи глазами русских классиков (Александра Островского, Федора Достоевского, Льва Толстого); оккупированный город в годы Первой мировой войны глазами немецкого солдата-фланёра; загадочная еврейская Вильна глазами немецкого писателя-модерниста Альфреда Дёблина — вот лишь некоторые из сюжетов, вошедших в полифоническое повествование о Вильнюсе. Книга адресована широкому кругу читателей.
Padrões de arquivamentopara Revisões Sistemáticas e Quantitativas da Literatura (RSQL) v1
Authors: Vartanian Daniel
Published: October 2021

Este protocolo foi criado para o programa de Revisões Sistemáticas e Quantitativas da Literatura (RSQL) científica do Grupo Interdisciplinar de Pesquisa em Sono (GIPSO), mas ele pode ser utilizado por qualquer um que queira realizar uma RSQL. O programa foi criado para que novos ingressantes do GIPSO possam dar um pontapé inicial em uma carreira acadêmica na cronobiologia. Saiba mais no protocolo abaixo. Para dúvidas ou sugestões, entre em contato em gipso@usp.br.
Use of antibiotics in patients who were attacked by animals that can transmit rabies v1
Authors: Machado Alba Jorge
Published: October 2021

Introduction:Animal bites have a high probability of becoming infected. In high-risk wounds, the use of antibiotics that kill the associated microorganisms is recommended. Objective: To determine the use of antibiotics in patients in different regions of Colombia who were attacked in 2020 by animals that can transmit rabies. Materials and methods: This was a retrospective follow-up study of a cohort of patients with wounds caused by animals; the patients were affiliated with the Colombian Health System. Sociodemographic, clinical and pharmacological data were collected. Results: A total of 280 patients were analyzed. The median age was 28.0 years, and 52.1% were men. The attacks were attributed to dogs (85.0%) and cats (15.0%), and 9.6% were classified as severe exposure. Antibiotics were used in 71.1% of cases for prophylaxis and in 4.3% of the cases for the treatment of superinfection; cephalexin (37.5%), amoxicillin/clavulanic acid (15.7%) and dicloxacillin (10.4%) were the predominant antibiotics used. A total of 72.0% of patients who received antibiotics received inadequate prescriptions, and 49.2% had no indication to receive prophylaxis. Being treated in the Caribbean region (OR:4.09; 95%CI:1.79-9.30) and receiving analgesics (OR:3.15; 95%CI:1.25-7.94) were associated with a greater probability of being prescribed antibiotics inadequately; attacks resulting in severe exposure were associated with a lower probability (OR:0.40; 95%CI:0.16-0.98). Conclusions: A significant proportion of patients had no indication for prophylactic antibiotics or were prescribed antibiotics not recommended by clinical practice guidelines. There was a low prevalence of prescriptions for amoxicillin/clavulanic acid, the most recommended antibiotic.
Problems of socialization of young people in the conditions of COVID-19
Authors: Polosina A.A. , Shilin A.Y.
Published: October 2021

Socialization of young people is a rather complex process and is very significant for the whole society. The relevance of the study of the problems of socialization of young people in the context of the COVID 19 pandemic is due to the change and transformation of social norms and attitudes among modern youths as a new social reality. The article examines the process of socialization of young people through the prism of generational theories, and also analyzes data on global problems of the world's youngsters that arose during the COVID 19 pandemic and ways to support them. The authors came to the conclusion that, during the period of self-isolation, there was a transformation of the role of the media space in the learning process, as well as the assimilation by young people of traditional cultural values, norms formulated by the older generation. The authors pay special attention to the need to develop a trajectory for the transformation of training courses in the online space, contributing to the implementation of the structure of value transfer within the framework of intergenerational transactions. The results of the study showed that during the pandemic, new mechanisms for the socialization of young people appeared, which require being taken into account when working with this category and implementing measures to control them.
Bacteriological service of research institute of childrens infections fmba of russia: science and practice interaction in the past and present
Authors: Lobzin Yrii V. , Kvetnaya Asya S. , Sidorenko Sergei V. , Samoylova Irina G.
Published: October 2021

The article presents the evolution of development of bacteriological service of research institute of children's infections within 50 years. Practical value of science and practice interaction at all stages of development of service is defined.
Modern development strategies in hospital care
Authors: Laktionova L. V.
Published: October 2021

The article presents the results of modern development strategies of inpatient care in the modernization of the federal multidisciplinary clinic. The problems of health care development in Russian Federation and the possible ways of solution on the local level are discussed to improve the quality and accessibility of medical aid.Keywords: modernization of health care, inpatient care
The experience of use the bioactive coated intramedullary flexible nailiing in treatment of long bone fracture
Authors: Popkov Arnold V. , Popkov Dmitriy A. , Trofimov Konstantin V. , Nikiforov Alexander I. , Isupov Alexey А.
Published: October 2021

The study concerns a new method of treatment of bone fractures of upper and lower limbs based on osteogenesis stimulation by intramedullary implants with bioactive organic hydroxyapatite (HA). The method decreases consolidation period of diaphyseal fractures to 2-4 times. A technology of osteosynthesis and bone formation dynamics at the fracture zone and around the implant is described.
The Site Tilt and Lander Transfer Function from the Short-Period Seismometer of InSight on Mars
Authors: Stott Alexander E. , Charalambous Constantinos , Warren Tristram J. , Pike William T. , Myhill Robert , Murdoch Naomi , McClean John B. , Trebi-Ollennu Ashitey , Lim Grace , Garcia Raphael F. , Mimoun David , Kedar Sharon , Hurst Kenneth J. , Bierwirth Marco , Lognonné Philippe , Teanby Nicholas A. , Horleston Anna , Banerdt William B.
Published: October 2021

The National Aeronautics and Space Administration InSight mission has deployed the seismic experiment, SEIS, on the surface of Mars, and has recorded a variety of signals including marsquakes and dust devils. This work presents results on the tilt and local noise sources, which provide context to aid interpretation of the observed signals and allow an examination of the near-surface properties. Our analysis uses data recorded by the short-period sensors on the deck, throughout deployment and in the final configuration. We use thermal decorrelation to provide an estimate of the sol-to-sol tilt. This tilt is examined across deployment and over a Martian year. After each modification to the site, the tilt is seen to stabilize over 3–20 sols depending on the action, and the total change in tilt is <0.035°. Long-term tilt over a Martian year is limited to <0.007°. We also investigate the attenuation of lander-induced vibrations between the lander and SEIS. Robotic arm motions provide a known lander source in the 5–9 Hz bandwidth, yielding an amplitude attenuation of lander signals between 100 and 1000 times. The attenuation of wind sensitivity from the deck to ground presents a similar value in the 1.5–9 Hz range, thus favoring a noise dominated by lander vibrations induced by the wind. Wind sensitivities outside this bandwidth exhibit different sensitivity changes, indicating a change in the coupling. The results are interpreted through a finite-element analysis of the regolith with a depth-dependent Young’s modulus. We argue that discrepancies between this model and the observations are due to local compaction beneath the lander legs and/or anelasticity. An estimate for the effective Young’s modulus is obtained as 62–81 MPa, corroborating previous estimates for the top layer duricrust.
Search for Infrasound Signals in InSight Data Using Coupled Pressure/Ground Deformation Methods
Authors: Garcia Raphael F. , Murdoch Naomi , Lorenz Ralph , Spiga Aymeric , Bowman Daniel C. , Lognonné Philippe , Banfield Don , Banerdt William Bruce
Published: October 2021

The unprecedented quality and sampling rate of seismometer and pressure sensors of the InSight Mars mission allow us to investigate infrasound through its pressure and ground deformation signals. This study focuses on compliance effects induced by acoustic waves propagating almost horizontally close to the surface. The compliance of acoustic waves is first estimated using the compliance estimates from pressure perturbations moving at wind speed. Then, a marker of compliance events is used to detect events of ground deformation induced by pressure variations, in three frequency bands from 0.4 to 3.2 Hz, from InSight sol 180 to 690. Additional selection criteria are imposed on the detected events to focus on acoustic waves and to remove various noise sources (e.g., wind effects or seismometer artifacts). After an automated selection, the visual inspection of the records allows us to validate two infrasound candidates that cannot be related to pressure perturbations moving at wind speed nor to known noise sources. For our highest quality infrasound candidate, the relation between this event and a convective vortex occuring 10 s later is tested. The azimuth of the vortex position at the time of infrasound detection is not consistent with the arrival azimuth of the suspected infrasound inferred from the polarization of seismometer records, thus the link between these two phenomena cannot be demonstrated. Further investigations would require a better understanding of wind-related noise impacting InSight sensors and of the effects of lateral variations of subsurface mechanical properties on the ground deformations induced by atmospheric pressure variations.
prueba de envio de articulo ORCID
Authors: Criollo Lopez Christian David
Published: October 2021

Resumen de prueba
COMUNICAÇÃO E REFLEXÃO: A PSICANÁLISE COMO TEMA DE UM GRUPO DE ESTUDOS UNIVERSITÁRIOS
Authors: Cunha Isadora Eugenia Eurídice Alvarez da , Ramos Fabio Oliveira , Dias Murilo Paiotti , Lemes Claudia Regina , Barja Paulo Roxo
Published: October 2021

No segundo semestre de 2018, um grupo de estudantes e professores vinculados (direta ou indiretamente) ao curso de graduação em Psicologia da UNIVAP começou a se reunir semanalmente para ler e debater textos relativos à Psicanálise. Progressivamente, ampliou-se o alcance do intitulado Grupo Amigos da Psicanálise (GAP), que passou a contar com a presença de alunos e docentes de outros cursos e instituições. O presente artigo relata os primeiros 30 meses de trabalho do grupo, apresentando a sequência de obras abordadas neste período, bem como a metodologia de trabalho e sistemática de reuniões adotada pelos participantes, incluindo a adaptação necessária para dar continuidade às reuniões mesmo durante o período da pandemia. O artigo também aborda os primeiros trabalhos produzidos por membros do grupo a partir dos estudos conjuntos efetuados. Também analisa o aprendizado conjunto e sua relação intrínseca com as formas de comunicação adotadas e com a gestão compartilhada e democrática do GAP. Por fim, apresenta-se as perspectivas de sequência para os estudos do grupo.
O HAIKAI BRASILEIRO COMO MÉTODO COMUNICACIONAL: CRÔNICA E CRÍTICA EM TEMPOS DE PANDEMIA
Authors: Machado Lucas Mathias , Barja Paulo Roxo
Published: October 2021

Apesar de ser uma forma poética tradicional, de origem oriental e literalmente milenar, o haikai, progressivamente, assumiu novas conformações após chegar ao Brasil, há pouco mais de cem anos. Entre vários escritores brasileiros, pode-se ressaltar o papel do escritor Millôr Fernandes no processo de desenvolvimento de uma “forma brasileira” para se compor haikai, incluindo doses generosas e frequentemente simultâneas de bom humor e criticidade. Em 2020, com o início da pandemia Covid-19 e sob um governo federal bastante criticado por sua atuação nas áreas de Saúde e Educação, dois professores universitários da região do Vale do Paraíba decidiram registrar o cotidiano brasileiro no contexto da pandemia através de haikais, inaugurando um projeto informalmente batizado de “Haikaus”, em andamento desde março de 2021. Neste trabalho, abordamos as características e potencialidades desta forma de registro a um só tempo crônico e crítico da história recente de nosso país, apresentando para isso uma amostra dos haikais produzidos neste contexto, acompanhada de avaliação dos temas abordados, com a construção de nuvem de palavras para facilitar a análise visual.
COMUNICAÇÃO E AGROECOLOGIA: O USO DO AUDIOVISUAL PARA UMA PEDAGOGIA INVENTIVA NO EXERCÍCIO DO PROFESSOR AGROECÓLOGO
Authors: Simões Letícia Castro
Published: October 2021

Neste artigo, são apresentadas duas experiências de realização audiovisual por estudantes de Engenharia Florestal da UFRPE sem nenhum contato prévio com o campo cinematográfico. O objetivo é propor uma discussão do uso de ferramentas da comunicação no exercício da pedagogia, partindo da provocação da professora e pesquisadora Virginia Kastrup (2007) em pensar o trabalho do professor sob a ótica da invenção, da “aprendizagem como invenção de problemas”. Mais especificamente, o trabalho deseja pensar o termo “professor agroecólogo”, analisando o campo da agroecologia como uma via de encontro entre as ciências da terra e as ciências sociais.
AUTOMEDICAÇÃO EM CRIANÇAS EM IDADE PRÉ-ESCOLAR NO MUNICÍPIO DE APARECIDA D’OESTE, SÃO PAULO
Authors: Marim Fernando Aucco , Paschoa Drielle Thainara Perez , Frias Danila Fernanda Rodrigues
Published: October 2021

A automedicação é um hábito comum no Brasil, mesmo sendo considerada uma prática nociva à saúde, sobretudo de crianças. O objetivo neste projeto foi avaliar a automedicação de crianças em idade pré-escolar no município de Aparecida d’Oeste –SP. Para isso, foram realizadas entrevistas por meio da aplicação de questionários a 100 pais ou responsáveis por crianças de 0 a 5 anos. Os dados obtidos foram analisados com uso de estatística descritiva. A maioria dos entrevistados foram mães, com média de idade de 32 anos, e 93% declararam realizar automedicação infantil, mesmo 72,8% considerando a automedicação prejudicial à saúde da criança. Os medicamentos citados mais utilizados foram paracetamol e dipirona. Após realizar automedicação infantil, 5% relataram o aparecimento de alergias. Depois de automedicar a criança, 53,1% dos entrevistados relataram levá-la a consultas médicas apenas quando não há apresentação de melhora dos sintomas. Dentre os principais motivos de automedicar, o principal citado estava relacionado com a tentativa de alcançar o alívio de sintomas. Dentre os participantes, 92,6% buscam informações sobre os medicamentos com o farmacêutico, bulas, internet, parentes ou analisam prescrições anteriores. A taxa de automedicação infantil foi elevada, sendo as mães as principais responsáveis por meio do uso de antitérmicos. Fatores que influenciaram a prática estão relacionados à falsa impressão de que os sintomas são simples e que os medicamentos utilizados não apresentam riscos à saúde das crianças. Desta forma, a atenção farmacêutica aliada a ações educativas voltadas à população tornam-se uma ferramenta extremamente importante para o uso racional de medicamentos.
CEM ANOS DE HISTÓRIA DO ENSINO DE FÍSICA NO BRASIL PELA ANÁLISE DE LIVROS DIDÁTICOS
Authors: Perdigão Daniel , Zampieri Ipolito Michelle
Published: October 2021

A análise de livros didáticos é representativa do sistema educacional, pois os livros são a base do conteúdo escolar efetivo. Este estudo analisou qualitativamente 44 coleções de livros didáticos de Física, utilizados na escola secundária brasileira nos últimos cem anos. Foram observados os aspectos característicos das coleções e suas ênfases curriculares, referentes à forma de abordar os temas. Os objetivos foram identificar eventos históricos como causadores de mudanças no ensino de Física e estudar a transposição didática presente nesses livros ao longo do tempo. Foi possível estabelecer sete eras paradigmáticas para os livros, bem como os eventos de ruptura. As rupturas resultaram mais de ações do Poder Executivo do que de decisões do Legislativo. A transposição didática variou em cada período. Na década de 1920, valorizavam-se práticas técnicas e experimentais contemporâneas. Entre as décadas de 1930 e 1950, observou-se recuo a um cientificismo descolado da prática científica. Nos anos 1960, o conteúdo diminuiu e a variedade de ênfases aumentou. Nas décadas de 1970 e 1980, nova redução de conteúdo, visando preparar para os vestibulares. Em fins da década de 1980, inicia-se uma transição, com adaptação dos livros existentes. Em fins dos anos 1990, novidades, como LDB, parâmetros curriculares e Enem, dirigiram o ensino de Física à formação de competências. Alterações do Enem em 2009 levaram à apresentação de ciência útil e contextualizada, com reforço conteudista. Novas ênfases curriculares no ensino de Física brasileiro poderão ser resultado da adoção da Base Nacional Comum Curricular.
Bootstrap Aggregated Mutual Dependency Ensemble Clustering and Learning Agent Based Approach to Eliminate Stale Routes in MANET
Authors:   PG and Research Department of Computer Science, Periyar E.V.R. College, (Autonomous), (Affiliated to Bharathidasan University), Tiruchirappalli, Tamil Nadu, India, Tamilselvi P. , Ravi T. N.
Published: October 2021

Mobile Ad hoc networks deploy the network with the support of self-organizing and self-configuring mobile nodes. Due to the lack of centralization, the topological structure of the network fluctuates frequently. Preserving stable link communication to obtain reliable data transmission is the key challenge in the dynamic wireless network environment. This stimulates discrepancy on discovered route paths. To address this issue a novel approach called bootstrap aggregated mutual dependency ensemble clustering and learning agent based approach to eliminate stale routes in MANET (BAMDEC-LABA) is introduced. This algorithm is used to identify the stable link based on the metrics such as residual energy, receiving signal strength, less hop count and node behavior. Maximum dependency with less hop count route paths are classified by employing bootstrap aggregation method. Learning agent examines the node behavior and identifies the selfish and corruptive nodes using node cooperativeness and trust value. The occurrence of the link failure due to the malicious nodes intimated to all the nodes with the distribution of route error packet. The inconsistent route path is eliminated from the cache to preserve the link failure. The performance of the proposed approach is evaluated with different performance metrics such as routing overhead, packet delivery ratio, packet drop rate, and delay. When compared to state-of-the-art approaches, the proposed BAMDEC-LABA technique on an average minimizes the routing overhead by 26%, improves the packet delivery ratio by 18%, packet drop rate is considerably reduced by 68% and delay is found to be minimized by 27%. The proposed method outperforms when compared to state-of-the-art approaches.
Croup as a manifestation of COVID-19 in infancy: a case series
Authors: Sarangi Bhakti , Shankar Guruprasad H. , Walimbe Ajay , Prithvichandra K. C.
Published: October 2021

The second wave of the COVID-19 pandemic in India brought with it an emerging clinical spectrum of the infection in children. Amongst these is the rarely reported presentation of croup, which otherwise remains a common clinical condition in infants caused by a variety of viruses and seen by pediatricians regularly. Airway manifestations of COVID-19 require reporting and unless their evaluation brings up any specific peculiarities, it is imperative to screen all such children presenting to the emergency department for SARS-CoV-2 infection. We hereby reported a series of three infants who were brought to us with typical features of croup including a mild fever, runny nose and indicators of subglottic inflammation including a hoarse voice, brassy cough and an inspiratory stridor. Each of them responded to conventional therapies for croup. However, the added conundrum of possible SARS-CoV-2 infection increases the relevance of rapid screening, assessment for complications and counselling in children presenting with croup.