bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Comparative microRNA-seq Analysis Depicts Candidate miRNAs Involved in Skin Color Differentiation in Red Tilapia
Authors: Wang Lanmei , Zhu Wenbin , Dong Zaijie , Song Feibiao , Dong Juanjuan , Fu Jianjun
Published: April 2018

Differentiation and variation in body color has been a growing limitation to the commercial value of red tilapia. Limited microRNA (miRNA) information is available on skin color differentiation and variation in fish so far. In this study, a high-throughput Illumina sequencing of sRNAs was conducted on three color varieties of red tilapia and 81,394,491 raw reads were generated. A total of 158 differentially expressed miRNAs (|log2(fold change)| ≥ 1 and q-value ≤ 0.001) were identified. Target prediction and functional analysis of color-related miRNAs showed that a variety of putative target genes—including slc7a11, mc1r and asip—played potential roles in pigmentation. Moreover; the miRNA-mRNA regulatory network was illustrated to elucidate the pigmentation differentiation, in which miR-138-5p and miR-722 were predicted to play important roles in regulating the pigmentation process. These results advance our understanding of the molecular mechanisms of skin pigmentation differentiation in red tilapia.
Demyelination in Multiple Sclerosis: Reprogramming Energy Metabolism and Potential PPARγ Agonist Treatment Approaches
Authors: Vallée Alexandre , Lecarpentier Yves , Guillevin Rémy , Vallée Jean-Noël
Published: April 2018

Demyelination in multiple sclerosis (MS) cells is the site of several energy metabolic abnormalities driven by dysregulation between the opposed interplay of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) and WNT/β-catenin pathways. We focus our review on the opposing interactions observed in demyelinating processes in MS between the canonical WNT/β-catenin pathway and PPARγ and their reprogramming energy metabolism implications. Demyelination in MS is associated with chronic inflammation, which is itself associated with the release of cytokines by CD4+ Th17 cells, and downregulation of PPARγ expression leading to the upregulation of the WNT/β-catenin pathway. Upregulation of WNT/β-catenin signaling induces activation of glycolytic enzymes that modify their energy metabolic behavior. Then, in MS cells, a large portion of cytosolic pyruvate is converted into lactate. This phenomenon is called the Warburg effect, despite the availability of oxygen. The Warburg effect is the shift of an energy transfer production from mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation to aerobic glycolysis. Lactate production is correlated with increased WNT/β-catenin signaling and demyelinating processes by inducing dysfunction of CD4+ T cells leading to axonal and neuronal damage. In MS, downregulation of PPARγ decreases insulin sensitivity and increases neuroinflammation. PPARγ agonists inhibit Th17 differentiation in CD4+ T cells and then diminish release of cytokines. In MS, abnormalities in the regulation of circadian rhythms stimulate the WNT pathway to initiate the demyelination process. Moreover, PPARγ contributes to the regulation of some key circadian genes. Thus, PPARγ agonists interfere with reprogramming energy metabolism by directly inhibiting the WNT/β-catenin pathway and circadian rhythms and could appear as promising treatments in MS due to these interactions.
An Ultra-Low Power 28 nm FD-SOI Low Noise Amplifier Based on Channel Aware Receiver System Analysis
Authors: Zaini-Desevedavy Jennifer , Hameau Frédéric , Taris Thierry , Morche Dominique , Audebert Patrick
Published: April 2018

This study investigates the benefit of an optimal and energy-efficient reconfiguration technique for the design of channel-aware receiver aiming Internet of Things (IoT) applications. First, it demonstrates the interest for adaptive receivers based on an estimation of the received power and compares the proposed channel-aware receiver with the State Of the Art. It is shown that the lifetime of the Wireless Sensor (WS) battery can be extended by a factor of five with the optimization of operating points of the tunable receiver while maintaining similar performances than industrial modules. The design of an Ultra-Low Power (ULP) inductorless Low Noise Amplifier (LNA), which fits the low power mode of the tunable receiver, is then optimized and described. The back-gate biasing of Fully Depleted Silicon-On-Insulator (FD-SOI) technology to lower the power consumption by more than 25% still maintaining performances is evaluated. The proposed LNA has been implemented in ST-Microelectronics 28 nm FD-SOI Technology, its active area is only 0.0015 mm2. The measured performances at 2.4 GHz exhibit more than 16 dB of voltage Gain (Gv), 7.3 dB of Noise Figure (NF), and a −16 dBm Input referred third-order Intercept Point (IIP3). The LNA consumes 300 µW from a 0.6 V supply.
Pheochromocytoma (PC12) Cell Response on Mechanobactericidal Titanium Surfaces
Authors: Wandiyanto Jason V. , Linklater Denver , Tharushi Perera Pallale G. , Orlowska Anna , Truong Vi Khanh , Thissen Helmut , Ghanaati Shahram , Baulin Vladimir , Crawford Russell J. , Juodkazis Saulius , Ivanova Elena P.
Published: April 2018

Titanium is a biocompatible material that is frequently used for making implantable medical devices. Nanoengineering of the surface is the common method for increasing material biocompatibility, and while the nanostructured materials are well-known to represent attractive substrata for eukaryotic cells, very little information has been documented about the interaction between mammalian cells and bactericidal nanostructured surfaces. In this study, we investigated the effect of bactericidal titanium nanostructures on PC12 cell attachment and differentiation—a cell line which has become a widely used in vitro model to study neuronal differentiation. The effects of the nanostructures on the cells were then compared to effects observed when the cells were placed in contact with non-structured titanium. It was found that bactericidal nanostructured surfaces enhanced the attachment of neuron-like cells. In addition, the PC12 cells were able to differentiate on nanostructured surfaces, while the cells on non-structured surfaces were not able to do so. These promising results demonstrate the potential application of bactericidal nanostructured surfaces in biomedical applications such as cochlear and neuronal implants.
Progress on the Use of Commercial Digital Optical Disc Units for Low-Power Laser Micromachining in Biomedical Applications
Authors: Cruz-Ramírez Aarón , Sánchez-Olvera Raúl , Zamarrón-Hernández Diego , Hautefeuille Mathieu , Cabriales Lucia , Jiménez-Díaz Edgar , Díaz-Bello Beatriz , López-Aparicio Jehú , Pérez-Calixto Daniel , Cano-Jorge Mariel , Vázquez-Victorio Genaro
Published: April 2018

The development of organ-on-chip and biological scaffolds is currently requiring simpler methods for microstructure biocompatible materials in three dimensions, to fabricate structural and functional elements in biomaterials, or modify the physicochemical properties of desired substrates. Aiming at addressing this need, a low-power CD-DVD-Blu-ray laser pickup head was mounted on a programmable three-axis micro-displacement system in order to modify the surface of polymeric materials in a local fashion. Thanks to a specially-designed method using a strongly absorbing additive coating the materials of interest, it has been possible to establish and precisely control processes useful in microtechnology for biomedical applications. The system was upgraded with Blu-ray laser for additive manufacturing and ablation on a single platform. In this work, we present the application of these fabrication techniques to the development of biomimetic cellular culture platforms thanks to the simple integration of several features typically achieved with traditional, less cost-effective microtechnology methods in one step or through replica-molding. Our straightforward approach indeed enables great control of local laser microablation or polymerization for true on-demand biomimetic micropatterned designs in transparent polymers and hydrogels and is allowing integration of microfluidics, microelectronics, surface microstructuring, and transfer of superficial protein micropatterns on a variety of biocompatible materials.
Habitual Flavonoid Intake from Fruit and Vegetables during Adolescence and Serum Lipid Levels in Early Adulthood: A Prospective Analysis
Authors: Penczynski Katharina , Remer Thomas , Herder Christian , Kalhoff Hermann , Rienks Johanna , Markgraf Daniel , Roden Michael , Buyken Anette
Published: April 2018

Flavonoids have been implicated in the prevention of cardiovascular diseases (CVD). In a prospective approach, we investigated whether habitual flavonoid intake from fruit, vegetables and juices (FlavFVJ) during adolescence is associated with adult levels of serum lipids, one of the main CVD risk factors. This analysis included healthy participants from the Dortmund Nutritional and Anthropometric Longitudinally Designed (DONALD) study, who had provided a fasting blood sample in adulthood (aged 18–39 years), data on FlavFVJ intake during adolescence (females: 9–15 years, males: 10–16 years)—estimated either from multiple 3-day weighed dietary records (n = 257), or from validated biomarker hippuric acid (uHA) excretion from multiple 24-h urine samples (n = 233)—together with information on relevant covariates. In multivariable linear regression analyses, a higher FlavFVJ intake during adolescence was independently associated with higher serum high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) levels among males (Ptrend = 0.038); however, the inclusion of adult waist circumference attenuated this association (Ptrend = 0.053). FlavFVJ was not associated with triglycerides (TG), total cholesterol (TC) or low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C; all Ptrend ≥ 0.1), nor was uHA excretion with any serum lipid outcome among males (all Ptrend ≥ 0.5). Neither FlavFVJ intake nor uHA excretion was associated with serum lipids among women (all Ptrend ≥ 0.1). However, a higher flavonoid intake from fruit and vegetables was independently related to lower LDL-C levels (Ptrend = 0.021), while a higher intake from juices was associated with higher LDL-C levels (Ptrend = 0.016) among females. In conclusion, a higher flavonoid intake from fruit, vegetables and/or juices during adolescence may be linked to cholesterol levels in early adulthood in a sex- and food source-specific manner.
Anti-Diabetic Effects and Anti-Inflammatory Effects of Laminaria japonica and Hizikia fusiforme in Skeletal Muscle: In Vitro and In Vivo Model
Authors: Kang Sae-ym , Kim Eunyoung , Kang Inhae , Lee Myoungsook , Lee Yunkyoung
Published: April 2018

Laminaria japonica (LJ) and Hizikia fusiforme (HF) are brown seaweeds known to have various health-promoting effects. In this study, we investigated the anti-diabetic effects and possible mechanism(s) of LJ and HF by using both in vitro and in vivo models. C2C12 myotubes, mouse-derived skeletal muscle cells, treated with LF or HF extracts were used for the in vitro model, and muscle tissues from C57BL/6N mice fed a high-fat diet supplemented with 5% LF or HF for 16 weeks were used for the in vivo model. Although both the LF and HF extracts significantly inhibited α-glucosidase activity in a dose-dependent manner, the HF extract had a superior α-glucosidase inhibition than the LF extract. In addition, glucose uptake was significantly increased by LJ- and HF-treated groups when compared to the control group. Phosphorylation of protein kinase B and AMP-activated protein kinase was induced by LJ and HF in both the vivo and in vitro skeletal muscle models. Furthermore, LJ and HF significantly decreased tumor necrosis factor-α whereas both extracts increased interleukin (IL)-6 and IL-10 production in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated C2C12 myotubes. Taken together, these findings imply that the brown seaweeds LJ and HF could be useful therapeutic agents to attenuate muscle insulin resistance due to diet-induced obesity and its associated inflammation.
Post-Game High Protein Intake May Improve Recovery of Football-Specific Performance during a Congested Game Fixture: Results from the PRO-FOOTBALL Study
Authors: Poulios Athanasios , Fatouros Ioannis G. , Mohr Magni , Draganidis Dimitrios , Deli Chariklia K. , Papanikolaou Konstantinos , Sovatzidis Apostolos , Nakopoulou Theofano , Ermidis Georgios , Tzatzakis Theofanis , Laschou Vasiliki C. , Georgakouli Kalliopi , Koulouris Agisilaos , Tsimeas Panagiotis , Chatzinikolaou Athanasios , Karagounis Leonidas G. , Batsilas Dimitrios , Krustrup Peter , Jamurtas Athanasios Z.
Published: April 2018

The effects of protein supplementation on performance recovery and inflammatory responses during a simulated one-week in-season microcycle with two games (G1, G2) performed three days apart were examined. Twenty football players participated in two trials, receiving either milk protein concentrate (1.15 and 0.26 g/kg on game and training days, respectively) (PRO) or an energy-matched placebo (1.37 and 0.31 g/kg of carbohydrate on game and training days, respectively) (PLA) according to a randomized, repeated-measures, crossover, double-blind design. Each trial included two games and four daily practices. Speed, jump height, isokinetic peak torque, and muscle soreness of knee flexors (KF) and extensors (KE) were measured before G1 and daily thereafter for six days. Blood was drawn before G1 and daily thereafter. Football-specific locomotor activity and heart rate were monitored using GPS technology during games and practices. The two games resulted in reduced speed (by 3–17%), strength of knee flexors (by 12–23%), and jumping performance (by 3–10%) throughout recovery, in both trials. Average heart rate and total distance covered during games remained unchanged in PRO but not in PLA. Moreover, PRO resulted in a change of smaller magnitude in high-intensity running at the end of G2 (75–90 min vs. 0–15 min) compared to PLA (P = 0.012). KE concentric strength demonstrated a more prolonged decline in PLA (days 1 and 2 after G1, P = 0.014–0.018; days 1, 2 and 3 after G2, P = 0.016–0.037) compared to PRO (days 1 after G1, P = 0.013; days 1 and 2 after G2, P = 0.014–0.033) following both games. KF eccentric strength decreased throughout recovery after G1 (PLA: P=0.001–0.047—PRO: P =0.004–0.22) in both trials, whereas after G2 it declined throughout recovery in PLA (P = 0.000–0.013) but only during the first two days (P = 0.000–0.014) in PRO. No treatment effect was observed for delayed onset of muscle soreness, leukocyte counts, and creatine kinase activity. PRO resulted in a faster recovery of protein and lipid peroxidation markers after both games. Reduced glutathione demonstrated a more short-lived reduction after G2 in PRO compared to PLA. In summary, these results provide evidence that protein feeding may more efficiently restore football-specific performance and strength and provide antioxidant protection during a congested game fixture.
Blackcurrant Anthocyanins Increase the Levels of Collagen, Elastin, and Hyaluronic Acid in Human Skin Fibroblasts and Ovariectomized Rats
Authors: Nanashima Naoki , Horie Kayo , Maeda Hayato , Tomisawa Toshiko , Kitajima Maiko , Nakamura Toshiya
Published: April 2018

Blackcurrants (Ribes nigrum L.) contain high levels of anthocyanin polyphenols, which have beneficial effects on health, owing to their antioxidant and anticarcinogenic properties. Phytoestrogens are plant-derived substances with estrogenic activity, which could have beneficial effects on the skin. Estradiol secretion decreases during menopause, reducing extracellular matrix (ECM) component production by skin fibroblasts. Using a normal human female skin fibroblast cell line (TIG113) and ovariectomized rats, the present study investigated whether an anthocyanin-rich blackcurrant extract (BCE) and four blackcurrant anthocyanins have novel phytoestrogenic activities that could benefit the skin in menopausal women. In TIG113 cells, a microarray and the Ingenuity® Pathway Analysis showed that 1.0 μg/mL of BCE upregulated the expression of many estrogen signaling-related genes. A quantitative RT-PCR analysis confirmed that BCE (1.0 or 10.0 μg/mL) and four types of anthocyanins (10 μM) altered the mRNA expression of ECM proteins and enzymes involved in ECM turnover. Immunofluorescence staining indicated that the anthocyanins stimulated the expression of ECM proteins, such as collagen (types I and III) and elastin. Dietary administration of 3% BCE to ovariectomized rats for 3 months increased skin levels of collagen, elastin, and hyaluronic acid. This is the first study to show that blackcurrant phytoestrogens have beneficial effects on skin experimental models.
Formulation, Development, and In Vitro Evaluation of a CD22 Targeted Liposomal System Containing a Non-Cardiotoxic Anthracycline for B Cell Malignancies
Authors: Mittal Nivesh , Mandal Bivash , Balabathula Pavan , Setua Saini , Janagam Dileep , Lothstein Leonard , Thoma Laura , Wood George
Published: April 2018

Doxorubicin cardiotoxicity has led to the development of superior chemotherapeutic agents such as AD 198. However, depletion of healthy neutrophils and thrombocytes from AD 198 therapy must be limited. This can be done by the development of a targeted drug delivery system that delivers AD 198 to the malignant cells. The current research highlights the development and in vitro analysis of targeted liposomes containing AD 198. The best lipids were identified and optimized for physicochemical effects on the liposomal system. Physiochemical characteristics such as size, ζ-potential, and dissolution were also studied. Active targeting to CD22 positive cells was achieved by conjugating anti-CD22 Fab’ to the liposomal surface. Size and ζ-potential of the liposomes was between 115 and 145 nm, and −8 to−15 mV. 30% drug was released over 72 h. Higher cytotoxicity was observed in CD22+ve Daudi cells compared to CD22−ve Jurkat cells. The route of uptake was a clathrin- and caveolin-independent pathway. Intracellular localization of the liposomes was in the endolysosomes. Upon drug release, apoptotic pathways were activated partly by the regulation of apoptotic and oncoproteins such as caspase-3 and c-myc. It was observed that the CD22 targeted drug delivery system was more potent and specific compared to other untargeted formulations.
Chitosan in Non-Viral Gene Delivery: Role of Structure, Characterization Methods, and Insights in Cancer and Rare Diseases Therapies
Authors: Santos-Carballal Beatriz , Fernández Fernández Elena , Goycoolea Francisco
Published: April 2018

Non-viral gene delivery vectors have lagged far behind viral ones in the current pipeline of clinical trials of gene therapy nanomedicines. Even when non-viral nanovectors pose less safety risks than do viruses, their efficacy is much lower. Since the early studies to deliver pDNA, chitosan has been regarded as a highly attractive biopolymer to deliver nucleic acids intracellularly and induce a transgenic response resulting in either upregulation of protein expression (for pDNA, mRNA) or its downregulation (for siRNA or microRNA). This is explained as the consequence of a multi-step process involving condensation of nucleic acids, protection against degradation, stabilization in physiological conditions, cellular internalization, release from the endolysosome (“proton sponge” effect), unpacking and enabling the trafficking of pDNA to the nucleus or the siRNA to the RNA interference silencing complex (RISC). Given the multiple steps and complexity involved in the gene transfection process, there is a dearth of understanding of the role of chitosan’s structural features (Mw and degree of acetylation, DA%) on each step that dictates the net transfection efficiency and its kinetics. The use of fully characterized chitosan samples along with the utilization of complementary biophysical and biological techniques is key to bridging this gap of knowledge and identifying the optimal chitosans for delivering a specific gene. Other aspects such as cell type and administration route are also at play. At the same time, the role of chitosan structural features on the morphology, size and surface composition of synthetic virus-like particles has barely been addressed. The ongoing revolution brought about by the recent discovery of CRISPR-Cas9 technology will undoubtedly be a game changer in this field in the short term. In the field of rare diseases, gene therapy is perhaps where the greatest potential lies and we anticipate that chitosans will be key players in the translation of research to the clinic.
Detecting Trends in Wetland Extent from MODIS Derived Soil Moisture Estimates
Authors: Gumbricht Thomas
Published: April 2018

A soil wetness index for optical satellite images, the Transformed Wetness Index (TWI) is defined and evaluated against ground sampled soil moisture. Conceptually, TWI is formulated as a non-linear normalized difference index from orthogonalized vectors representing soil and water conditions, with the vegetation signal removed. Compared to 745 ground sites with in situ measured soil moisture, TWI has a globally estimated Random Mean Square Error of 14.0 (v/v expressed as percentage), which reduces to 8.5 for unbiased data. The temporal variation in soil moisture is significantly captured at 4 out of 10 stations, but also fails for 2 to 3 out of 10 stations. TWI is biased by different soil mineral compositions, dense vegetation and shadows, with the latter two most likely also causing the failure of TWI to capture soil moisture dynamics. Compared to soil moisture products from microwave brightness temperature data, TWI performs slightly worse, but has the advantages of not requiring ancillary data, higher spatial resolution and a relatively simple application. TWI has been used for wetland and peatland mapping in previously published studies but is presented in detail in this article, and then applied for detecting changes in soil moisture for selected tropical regions between 2001 and 2016. Sites with significant changes are compared to a published map of global tropical wetlands and peatlands.
Multi-Sensor Registration in High-Precision CMM Based on a Composite Standard
Authors: Zhao Yan , Wang Yiwen , Ye Xiuling , Wang Zhong , Fu Luhua , Liu Changjie , Wang Zhiwei
Published: April 2018

Registration is a critical step in multi-sensor dimensional measurement. As the accuracy of registration directly impacts the quality of final results, a reference sphere as a common standard is problematic in high-precision registration. In this paper, a novel method based on a composite standard is proposed to fuse the multiple heterogeneous sensors in high-precision coordinate measuring machines (CMMs), which will void the drawbacks of a reference sphere. The composite standard consists of a cone and cylinder, which share a same central axis. To ensure high precision in the submicron range, or better, the standard is manufactured by an ultra-precision machine. Three features of the composite standard are inspected by three sensors: a video camera (VC), a tactile probe (TP), and a chromatic confocal displacement sensor (CC). All features will concentrate on a common point through which the relation between the three sensors will be obtained. The errors of each measurement were analyzed theoretically, and simulations and real experiments were carried out to verify the composite standard. This study demonstrates that the proposed registration method is stable and that the standard has potential use for the registration of multiple sensors in high-precision dimensional measurement.
A Weibull Approach for Enabling Safety-Oriented Decision-Making for Electronic Railway Signaling Systems
Authors: Pascale Emanuele , Bouillaut Laurent , Freneaux Thierry , Sista Raffaele , Sannino Paolo , Marmo Pietro
Published: April 2018

This paper presents the advantages of using Weibull distributions, within the context of railway signaling systems, for enabling safety-oriented decision-making. Failure rates are used to statistically model the basic event of fault-tree analysis, and their value sizes the maximum allowable latency of failures to fulfill the safety target for which the system has been designed. Relying on field-return failure data, Weibull parameters have been calculated for an existing electronic signaling system and a comparison with existing predictive reliability data, based on exponential distribution, is provided. Results are discussed in order to drive considerations on the respect of quantitative targets and on the impact that a wrong hypothesis might have on the choice of a given architecture. Despite the huge amount of information gathered through the after-sales logbook used to build reliability distribution, several key elements for reliable estimation of failure rate values are still missing. This might affect the uncertainty of reliability parameters and the effort required to collect all the information. We then present how to intervene when operational failure rates present higher values compared to the theoretical approach: increasing the redundancies of the system or performing preventive maintenance tasks. Possible consequences of unjustified adoption of constant failure rate are presented. Some recommendations are also shared in order to build reliability-oriented logbooks and avoid data censoring phenomena by enhancing the functions of the electronic boards composing the system.
Rice Phyllosphere Bacillus Species and Their Secreted Metabolites Suppress Aspergillus flavus Growth and Aflatoxin Production In Vitro and in Maize Seeds
Authors: Chalivendra Subbaiah , DeRobertis Catherine , Reyes Pineda Jorge , Ham Jong , Damann Kenneth
Published: April 2018

The emergence of super-toxigenic strains by recombination is a risk from an intensive use of intraspecific aflatoxin (AF) biocontrol agents (BCAs). Periodical alternation with interspecific-BCAs will be safer since they preclude recombination. We are developing an AF-biocontrol system using rice-associated Bacilli reported previously (RABs). More than 50% of RABs inhibited the growth of multiple A. flavus strains, with RAB4R being the most inhibitory and RAB1 among the least. The fungistatic activity of RAB4R is associated with the lysis of A. flavus hyphal tips. In field trails with the top five fungistatic RABs, RAB4R consistently inhibited AF contamination of maize by Tox4, a highly toxigenic A. flavus strain from Louisiana corn fields. RAB1 did not suppress A. flavus growth, but strongly inhibited AF production. Total and HPLC-fractionated lipopeptides (LPs) isolated from culture filtrates of RAB1 and RAB4R also inhibited AF accumulation. LPs were stable in vitro with little loss of activity even after autoclaving, indicating their potential field efficacy as a tank-mix application. A. flavus colonization and AF were suppressed in RAB1- or RAB4R-coated maize seeds. Since RAB4R provided both fungistatic and strong anti-mycotoxigenic activities in the laboratory and field, it can be a potent alternative to atoxigenic A. flavus strains. On the other hand, RAB1 may serve as an environmentally safe helper BCA with atoxigenic A. flavus strains, due its lack of strong fungistatic and hemolytic activities.
An Integrated Method for Accounting for Water Environmental Capacity of the River–Reservoir Combination System
Authors: Zhao Fen , Li Chunhui , Chen Libin , Zhang Yuan
Published: April 2018

The security of drinking water is a serious issue in China and worldwide. As the backup source of drinking water for the Changde City in China, the Huangshi Reservoir suffers from the threat of eutrophication due to the water quality of the reservoir ecosystem being affected by the tributaries that carry Non-Point Source (NPS) pollutants. The calculation of the water environmental capacity (WEC) can provide a scientific basis for water pollution control, which refers to the maximum amount of pollutants that the water can accommodate. In this paper, according to the hydrological characteristics of the river–reservoir combination system, a one-dimensional (1-D) water quality model and the Environmental Fluid Dynamics Code (EFDC) model were chosen to calculate the water environmental capacity of each functional zone in this basin. The quantity control of pollution from the tributaries was conducted based on the combined results of the water environmental capacity calculation from the EFDC model and a one-dimensional (1-D) river water quality model. The results show that total water environmental capacity of the tributaries included a chemical oxygen demand (COD) of 421.97 tons; ammonia nitrogen (NH3-N) of 40.99 tons; total nitrogen (TN) of 35.94 tons; and total phosphorus (TP) of 9.54 tons. The water environmental capacity of the Huangshi Reservoir region accounts for more than 93% of the total capacity. The reduction targets of the major pollutants in the Huangshi Reservoir and its four major input rivers, which are, namely, the Bamao River, the Longtan River, the Fanjiafang River, and the Dongtan River, have been determined to achieve the water quality objectives for the reservoir in 2020 and 2025. The results will be helpful for the local water quality management and will provide a valuable example for other similar water source reservoirs.
Planification-révision. Réécriture provoquée au CE2 et au CM2. Effets de l'âge et de l'origine socioculturelle
Authors: Brassart Dominique-Guy
Published: April 2018

En septembre 1990, tous les élèves des CE2 (8/9 ans) des écoles élémentaires françaises ont subi une évaluation standardisée en français et en mathématiques. Une des épreuves de français consistait à écrire un premier jet puis à le récrire avec l'aide d'une grille de révision. Le même exercice a été proposé par nous à des élèves de CM2 (10/11 ans) . Un corpus de 48 paires de textes a été constitué à partir de 2 CE2 et de 2 CM2 contrastés du point de vue de l'origine socio-culturelle des élèves. L'analyse a porté sur la qualité textuelle des réponses et sur la fréquence et le type des révisions réalisées lors de la réécriture. Les résultats indiquent une amélioration qualitative avec l'âge et l'origine socio-culturelle mais une assez grande stabilité des révisions. Ce phénomène est analysé dans le cadre d'une distinction théorique entre révision au sens restreint, ou réécriture, et révision au sens large, ou retraitement : seules les traces de la première sont observables en surface linguistique.
Redox Evolution via Gravitational Differentiation on Low-mass Planets: Implications for Abiotic Oxygen, Water Loss, and Habitability
Authors: Wordsworth R. D. , Schaefer L. K. , Fischer R. A.
Published: April 2018

The oxidation of rocky planet surfaces and atmospheres, which arises from the twin forces of stellar nucleosynthesis and gravitational differentiation, is a universal process of key importance to habitability and exoplanet biosignature detection. Here we take a generalized approach to this phenomenon. Using a single parameter to describe the redox state, we model the evolution of terrestrial planets around nearby M stars and the Sun. Our model includes atmospheric photochemistry, diffusion and escape, line-by-line climate calculations, and interior thermodynamics and chemistry. In most cases, we find abiotic atmospheric

buildup around M stars during the pre-main-sequence phase to be much less than calculated previously, because the planet’s magma ocean absorbs most oxygen liberated from

photolysis. However, loss of noncondensing atmospheric gases after the mantle solidifies remains a significant potential route to abiotic atmospheric

subsequently. In all cases, we predict that exoplanets that receive lower stellar fluxes, such as LHS1140b and TRAPPIST-1f and g, have the lowest probability of abiotic

buildup and hence may be the most interesting targets for future searches for biogenic

. Key remaining uncertainties can be minimized in future by comparing our predictions for the atmospheres of hot, sterile exoplanets such as GJ1132b and TRAPPIST-1b and c with observations.
Bridging the Gap: Capturing the Lyα Counterpart of a Type-II Spicule and Its Heating Evolution with VAULT2.0 and IRIS Observations
Authors: Chintzoglou Georgios , De Pontieu Bart , Martínez-Sykora Juan , Pereira Tiago M. D. , Vourlidas Angelos , Beltran Samuel Tun
Published: April 2018

We present results from an observing campaign in support of the VAULT2.0 sounding rocket launch on 2014 September 30. VAULT2.0 is a Lyα (1216 Å) spectroheliograph capable of providing spectroheliograms at high cadence. Lyα observations are highly complementary to the IRIS observations of the upper chromosphere and the low transition region (TR) but have previously been unavailable. The VAULT2.0 data provide new constraints on upper-chromospheric conditions for numerical models. The observing campaign was closely coordinated with the IRIS mission. Taking advantage of this simultaneous multi-wavelength coverage of target AR 12172 and by using state-of-the-art radiative-MHD simulations of spicules, we investigate in detail a type-II spicule associated with a fast (300 km s−1) network jet recorded in the campaign observations. Our analysis suggests that spicular material exists suspended high in the atmosphere but at lower temperatures (seen in Lyα) until it is heated and becomes visible in TR temperatures as a network jet. The heating begins lower in the spicule and propagates upwards as a rapidly propagating thermal front. The front is then observed as fast, plane-of-the-sky motion typical of a network jet, but contained inside the pre-existing spicule. This work supports the idea that the high speeds reported in network jets should not be taken as real mass upflows but only as apparent speeds of a rapidly propagating heating front along the pre-existing spicule.
Obscured Star Formation in the Host Galaxies of Superluminous Supernovae
Authors: Hatsukade B. , Tominaga N. , Hayashi M. , Konishi M. , Matsuda Y. , Morokuma T. , Morokuma-Matsui K. , Motogi K. , Niinuma K. , Tamura Y.
Published: April 2018

We present the results of 3 GHz radio continuum observations of the eight host galaxies of superluminous supernovae (SLSNe) at 0.1 < z < 0.3 by using the Karl G. Jansky Very Large Array. Four host galaxies are detected significantly, and two of them are found to have high star formation rates (SFRs > 20 M
⊙ yr−1) derived from radio emission, making them the most intensely star-forming host galaxies among SLSN host galaxies. We compare radio SFRs and optical SFRs, and find that three host galaxies have an excess in radio SFRs by a factor of >2, suggesting the existence of dust-obscured star formation, which cannot be traced by optical studies. Two of the three host galaxies, which are located in the galaxy main sequence based on optical SFRs, are found to be above the main sequence based on their radio SFRs. This suggests a higher fraction of starburst galaxies in SLSN hosts than estimated in previous studies. We calculate extinction from the ratio between radio SFRs and dust-uncorrected optical SFRs and find that the hosts are on the trend of increasing extinction with metallicity, which is consistent with the relation in local star-forming galaxies. We also place a constraint on a pulsar-driven SN model, which predicts quasi-steady synchrotron radio emission.
Unveiling the Dynamical State of Massive Clusters through the ICL Fraction
Authors: Jiménez-Teja Yolanda , Dupke Renato , Benítez Narciso , Koekemoer Anton M. , Zitrin Adi , Umetsu Keiichi , Ziegler Bodo L. , Frye Brenda L. , Ford Holland , Bouwens Rychard J. , Bradley Larry D. , Broadhurst Thomas , Coe Dan , Donahue Megan , Graves Genevieve J. , Grillo Claudio , Infante Leopoldo , Jouvel Stephanie , Kelson Daniel D. , Lahav Ofer , Lazkoz Ruth , Lemze Dorom , Maoz Dan , Medezinski Elinor , Melchior Peter , Meneghetti Massimo , Mercurio Amata , Merten Julian , Molino Alberto , Moustakas Leonidas A. , Nonino Mario , Ogaz Sara , Riess Adam G. , Rosati Piero , Sayers Jack , Seitz Stella , Zheng Wei
Published: April 2018

We have selected a sample of 11 massive clusters of galaxies observed by the Hubble Space Telescope in order to study the impact of the dynamical state on the intracluster light (ICL) fraction, the ratio of total integrated ICL to the total galaxy member light. With the exception of the Bullet cluster, the sample is drawn from the Cluster Lensing and Supernova Survey and the Frontier Fields program, containing five relaxed and six merging clusters. The ICL fraction is calculated in three optical filters using the CHEFs ICL estimator, a robust and accurate algorithm free of a priori assumptions. We find that the ICL fraction in the three bands is, on average, higher for the merging clusters, ranging between ∼7% and 23%, compared with the ∼2%–11% found for the relaxed systems. We observe a nearly constant value (within the error bars) in the ICL fraction of the regular clusters at the three wavelengths considered, which would indicate that the colors of the ICL and the cluster galaxies are, on average, coincident and, thus, so are their stellar populations. However, we find a higher ICL fraction in the F606W filter for the merging clusters, consistent with an excess of lower-metallicity/younger stars in the ICL, which could have migrated violently from the outskirts of the infalling galaxies during the merger event.
Star Formation Histories of the LEGUS Dwarf Galaxies. II. Spatially Resolved Star Formation History of the Magellanic Irregular NGC 4449∗
Authors: Sacchi E. , Cignoni M. , Aloisi A. , Tosi M. , Calzetti D. , Lee J. C. , Adamo A. , Annibali F. , Dale D. A. , Elmegreen B. G. , Gouliermis D. A. , Grasha K. , Grebel E. K. , Hunter D. A. , Sabbi E. , Smith L. J. , Thilker D. A. , Ubeda L. , Whitmore B. C.
Published: April 2018

We present a detailed study of the Magellanic irregular galaxy NGC 4449 based on both archival and new photometric data from the Legacy Extragalactic UV Survey, obtained with the Hubble Space Telescope Advanced Camera for Surveys and Wide Field Camera 3. Thanks to its proximity (D = 3.82 ± 0.27 Mpc), we reach stars 3 mag fainter than the tip of the red giant branch in the F814W filter. The recovered star formation history (SFH) spans the whole Hubble time, but due to the age–metallicity degeneracy of the red giant branch stars, it is robust only over the lookback time reached by our photometry, i.e., ∼3 Gyr. The most recent peak of star formation (SF) is around 10 Myr ago. The average surface density SF rate over the whole galaxy lifetime is 0.01 M
⊙ yr−1 kpc−2. From our study, it emerges that NGC 4449 has experienced a fairly continuous SF regime in the last 1 Gyr, with peaks and dips whose SF rates differ only by a factor of a few. The very complex and disturbed morphology of NGC 4449 makes it an interesting galaxy for studies of the relationship between interactions and starbursts, and our detailed and spatially resolved analysis of its SFH does indeed provide some hints on the connection between these two phenomena in this peculiar dwarf galaxy.
Staying cool: preadaptation to temperate climates required for colonising tropical alpine-like environments
Authors: Gehrke Berit
Published: April 2018

Plant species tend to retain their ancestral ecology, responding to temporal, geographic and climatic changes by tracking suitable habitats rather than adapting to novel conditions. Nevertheless, transitions into different environments or biomes still seem to be common. Especially intriguing are the tropical alpine-like areas found on only the highest mountainous regions surrounded by tropical environments. Tropical mountains are hotspots of biodiversity, often with striking degrees of endemism at higher elevations. On these mountains, steep environmental gradients and high habitat heterogeneity within small spaces coincide with astounding species diversity of great conservation value. The analysis presented here shows that the importance ofin situspeciation in tropical alpine-like areas has been underestimated. Additionally and contrary to widely held opinion, the impact of dispersal from other regions with alpine-like environments is relatively minor compared to that of immigration from other biomes with a temperate (but not alpine-like) climate. This suggests that establishment in tropical alpine-like regions is favoured by preadaptation to a temperate, especially aseasonal, freezing regime such as the cool temperate climate regions in the Tropics. Furthermore, emigration out of an alpine-like environment is generally rare, suggesting that alpine-like environments – at least tropical ones – are species sinks.
Hervé Coutau-Bégarie, la techno-guérilla et la prospective militaire
Authors: Henrotin Joseph
Published: April 2018

Si Hervé Coutau-Bégarie a fait œuvre de prospective internationale dans 2030, la fin de la mondialisation ? , le stratégiste a aussi examiné l’évolution des structures de l’action militaire dans son ouvrage. Il montre en particulier le rôle que les techno-guérillas sont appelées à jouer. Dix ans après sa publication, les débats se sont étoffés, connaissant des ramifications autour de la guerre hybride notamment. Cette diversification, cependant, ne dément pas le travail d’Hervé Coutau-Bégarie, au contraire : le « nivellement technologique » est devenu un enjeu majeur, et reconnu, pour les armées.
Le concept d’intérêt national : quelques réflexions sur le rapport à soi français à l’horizon 2030
Authors: Zajec Olivier
Published: April 2018

Pour s’orienter dans l’arborescence des possibles stratégiques à l’horizon 2030, suivant la boussole de l’intérêt national, l’urgence pour la France n’est pas forcément – ou pas exclusivement - de lister fébrilement des risques ou des menaces, d’empiler des scénarios, de dessiner des arcs de crise aux contours mouvants, comme l’ont fait les deux derniers Livres blancs, ceux de 2008 et 2013. La nécessité fondamentale semble plutôt être de renouer avec le sens de la réflexivité et du rapport à soi, préalable méthodologique incontournable pour saisir la manière dont peut être décliné et défendu tout intérêt national.
De la prospective
Authors: Coutau-Bégarie Hervé
Published: April 2018

Publié en tant que chapitre introductif de 2030, la fin de la mondialisation ? , ce texte discute des difficultés et de la nécessité de la prospective. Hervé Coutau-Bégarie insiste sur le fait que, pour le prospectiviste ou le planificateur, 2030 ne constitue pas un horizon si éloigné, ce qui conduit à relativiser le concept de rupture radicale à cet horizon. Il met en évidence que la prospective ne peut appréhender qu’une partie des causes à l’œuvre dans l’histoire que sont les facteurs dont l’effet se fait sentir dans la longue durée, ainsi que le jeu des acteurs et la dynamique des événements, qui sont l’un et l’autre imprévisibles.
Relire Dei Verbum 11-13 dans son histoire... Pour surmonter une fausse division entre exégèse scientifique et théologie
Authors: Durand Emmanuel
Published: April 2018

Cet article s’applique à relire Dei Verbum 11-13 dans son histoire, pour surmonter une fausse division entre exégèse scientifique et théologie. Deux lectures de DV 12 sont pratiquées : soit l’exégèse scientifique est complète en son genre, mais doit être complétée par une théologie, pour ne pas tomber dans les impasses du rationalisme ; soit l’exégèse biblique ne peut être vraiment scientifique que si elle est ecclésiale, si bien qu’une exégèse intégrale porte en elle-même l’exigence de se développer en théologie. L’étude attentive du texte, de ses précédents, de sa rédaction et de sa réception, oriente vers la seconde lecture.
Sacramentalité de la Parole et liturgie des Heures. Une ouverture de Verbum Domini 56
Authors: Prétot Patrick
Published: April 2018

Verbum Domini § 56 (30 septembre 2010) a mis en lumière la sacramentalité de la proclamation de la Parole en liturgie. Le thème n’est pas totalement neuf, puisque Sacrosanctum Concilium § 7 avait affirmé que le Christ « est là présent dans sa parole, car c’est lui qui parle tandis qu’on lit dans l’Église les Saintes Écritures », mais l’exhortation apostolique renouvelle les fondations théologiques des célébrations de la Parole. Cet article s’attache à voir comment ce principe éclaire le statut de la célébration de la liturgie des Heures dans la vie de l’Église. En effet, en dépit de l’affirmation répétée que l’office divin est « la prière de l’Église », sa pratique concrète qui connaît de réels progrès, demeure encore marginale. En d’autres termes, même si sa valeur est une évidence, les représentations concernant cette forme liturgique empêchent d’en percevoir la nécessité pour l’équilibre de la vie chrétienne. Verbum Domini peut donc soutenir l’idée que l’eucharistie et l’office divin constituent non seulement deux formes de la liturgie, mais que ce sont deux réalités liturgiques nécessaires l’une à l’autre.
L’anthropologie phénoménologique de Jan Patočka
Authors: Pesaresi Chiara
Published: April 2018

La lecture d’une partie de l’œuvre de Patočka que nous proposons dans cet article vise à expliciter les fondements conceptuels de son anthropologie phénoménologique. Par le biais d’une reprise critique des idées hégéliennes de praxis et de négativité, Patočka donne en effet une définition non métaphysique de l’existence humaine. Il s’agit alors de montrer que son interprétation dynamique et dialectique de l’existence s’enracine à la fois dans une réception « hérétique » de la phénoménologie husserlienne et heideggérienne et dans l’héritage – qui reste encore pour la plupart inexploré – de la pensée hégélienne. La critique parallèle de l’idéalisme transcendantal husserlien et de l’idéalisme absolu hégélien ouvre ainsi la voie à une révision du concept d’existence à la lumière de la question fondamentale de la liberté conçue comme transcendance négative.
Choroidal Caverns: A Previously Unreported Optical Coherence Tomography Finding in Best Vitelliform Dystrophy
Authors: Carnevali Adriano , Sacconi Riccardo , Corbelli Eleonora , Querques Lea , Bandello Francesco , Querques Giuseppe
Published: April 2018

Best vitelliform macular dystrophy (VMD) is an autosomal dominant inherited dystrophy, most frequently caused by mutations in the
BEST1
gene. The authors describe “choroidal caverns,” a previously unreported optical coherence tomography finding in the choriocapillary and choroid of Best VMD. Histopathologic examination in eyes with Best VDM shows extensive deposition of lipofuscin in the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) throughout the retina and accumulation of fibrillar material under the RPE and in the choroid. This supports the hypothesis that choroidal caverns could be a sign of the degenerative process involving the choroid in eyes with Best VMD.

[
Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging Retina
. 2018;49:284–287.]
Del 68 al 15M: continuidades y rupturas entre ciclos de protesta
Authors: Romanos Eduardo
Published: April 2018

La protesta no se distribuye aleatoriamente en el tiempo, sino que se concentra en forma de ciclos. Los últimos tres grandes ciclos internacionales de protesta han sido los surgidos alrededor del 68, el movimiento antiglobalización en el cambio de milenio y la reciente movilización por la democracia y contra la austeridad a partir de 2010. Este artículo analiza las continuidades entre estos ciclos centrándose en el impacto cultural de los movimientos sociales a partir de la elaboración y difusión de nuevos conceptos de democracia.
Las sociologías post 68 y la creatividad social
Authors: Sánchez Capdequi Celso
Published: April 2018

Este trabajo analiza la idea de creatividad social en relación con los acontecimientos de mayo del 68. Esta expresión aparece como foco de interés sociológico en un momento en el que las viejas estructuras de la modernidad burguesa se erosionan y emerge una nueva autoimagen del hombre postburgués: el artista. El texto explica los diferentes significados de la creatividad y los peligros que surgen en la sociedad moderna cuando la creatividad instituida oculta a la creatividad instituyente.