bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
MODEL STORYTELLING NARASI PARIWISATA REGENERATIF DI TAHURA NGURAH RAI PEMOGAN
Authors: Kardana I Ketut , Sendra I Made
Published: January 2025

This study examines the regenerative tourism product storytelling model at Ngurah Rai Grand Forest Park (Tahura). Regenerative tourism focuses on environmental restoration, local community empowerment, and creating sustainable experiences that involve tourists. Through a storytelling approach, cultural values, history, and local wisdom narratives are used as key elements in designing unique and competitive tourism narrative products. The study uses a case study approach to deeply understand the social and ecological phenomena occurring at Tahura Ngurah Rai. Data collection techniques include interviews, observations, and literature reviews. The theory of historical commodification (G.J. Ashworth: 1999) serves as the main theory, supported by narrative theory (Gerard Genette, 1980) to design regenerative tourism product narratives based on storytelling. The findings show that the application of the storytelling concept in creating regenerative tourism narratives at Tahura Ngurah Rai not only enhances the economic value of tourism post-Covid-19 but also supports the regeneration of the mangrove ecosystem, community empowerment, and strengthens the image of tourist attractions based on local wisdom. This model provides strategic guidance for tourism managers in integrating sustainability, cultural, and local narrative elements as the foundation for developing tourism narrative products that have a positive ecological impact and gender empowerment.
POTENSI ANTIDEPRESAN EKSTRAK DAN FRAKSI DAUN SELEDRI (Apium graveolens L.) PADA MENCIT PUTIH JANTAN
Authors: Ningsih Sri Ayu , Ningsih Dwi , Rahayu Mamik Ponco
Published: January 2025

Intoleransi efek samping antidepresan sintetis menurunkan kepatuhan dan memicu episode depresi berulang. Obat herbal diketahui memiliki tolerabilitas dan keamanan yang baik. Seledri telah banyak dibudidayakan dan dikonsumsi di Indonesia. Seledri mengandung senyawa flavonoid, alkaloid, dan terpenoid yang diduga memiliki aktivitas antidepresan berbahan alam. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui potensi antidepresan ekstrak dan fraksi daun seledri. Ekstrak daun seledri (EDS) diperoleh melalui maseasi dengan etanol 70%. Fraksi daun seledri diperoleh melalui partisi dengan pelarut n-heksana, etil asetat, dan air. Penelitian ini menggunakan 32 mencit dalam delapan kelompok perlakuan yaitu kontrol positif (fluoxetine 2,9 mg/kgBB), kontrol negatif (suspensi Na-CMC), tiga kelompok ekstrak, dan tiga kelompok fraksi (fraksi n-heksana, etil asetat, dan air) daun seledri. Variasi dosis EDS yang digunakan ialah 150, 200, dan 250 mg/kgBB. Induksi stresor yang diberikan yaitu Chronic Mild Stress (CMS). Data penurunan durasi Immobility Time (IT) dan grooming diperoleh melalui metode Forced Swimming Test (FST). EDS 150 mg/kgBB adalah dosis efektif ekstrak. Ekstrak dan fraksi daun seledri mampu menurunkan durasi IT dan grooming. Fraksi etil asetat 7,99 mg/kgBB merupakan fraksi teraktif yang memiliki efek antidepresan setara dengan fluoxetine 2,9 mg/kgBB. Ekstrak dan fraksi daun seledri berpotensi sebagai antidepresan.
Authors: Ismyama Dian Farida , Halizah Siti Nurfitri
Published: January 2025

Obat antiepilepsi fenitoin telah menjadi pilihan pertama untuk pengobatan kejang sejak diluncurkan pada tahun 1930-an. Mekanisme utama fenitoin adalah stabilisasi membran sel saraf melalui penghambatan saluran natrium sehingga mengurangi depolarisasi neuron yang berlebihan. Review ini bertujuan untuk menjelaskan cara kerja, keamanan dan tolerabilitas fenitoin, serta efek samping dan kontraindikasinya. Penelusuran literatur dilakukan secara terkomputerisasi terhadap artikel-artikel ilmiah yang relevan melalui Pubmed, ScienceDirect, ResearchGate dan Google Scholar. Pencarian literatur juga dilakukan secara manual dari daftar referensi artikel asli untuk menemukan artikel tambahan yang sesuai. Beberapa studi klinis yang dirangkum dalam artikel ini memberikan wawasan tentang bagaimana fenitoin bermanfaat untuk mengobati penyakit selain epilepsi. Fenitoin tidak hanya bermanfaat untuk pengendalian kejang, tetapi juga mempunyai efek neuroprotektif pada neuritis optik akut, dan dapat digunakan untuk mengobati nyeri neuropatik, serta gangguan stres pasca-trauma. Meski demikian, fenitoin termasuk dalam obat dengan rentang terapi sempit sehingga pemakaiannya harus hati-hati. Pemahaman ini penting untuk meningkatkan efektivitas terapi dan mengurangi risiko yang terkait dengan penggunaan fenitoin.
Kata kunci: antiepilepsi; fenitoin; gangguan stres pasca-trauma; indeks terapi sempit; neuroprotektor; nyeri neuropatik
COMMUNITY PHARMACISTS RECOMMENDATIONS ON SELF-MEDICATION FOR GASTROINTESTINAL PROBLEMS: A VIGNETTE CASE STUDY IN EAST SURABAYA
Authors: Djunaidy Vania Denise , Parwitha Ida Ayu Andri , Ferinandra Setyopratami Angela Natasya
Published: January 2025

Background: Self-medication is a common approach to managing uncomplicated health issues, including gastrointestinal disorders. Community pharmacists are essential in facilitating successful self-medication by thoroughly evaluating patient information, offering rational suggestions, and delivering clear instructions regarding medication administration. Objective: This study aims to characterize pharmacists' abilities in gathering information on patient symptoms and providing appropriate treatment recommendations for self-medication cases of diarrhea and constipation. Methods: This study employed a cross-sectional methodology accompanied by descriptive analysis. Data was collected using two validated vignette case studies: one for measuring information-gathering competencies and another for assessing the correctness of therapy recommendations. Results: 35 pharmacists participated, most of whom had finished professional pharmacist education (88.6%) and had been practicing in pharmacies for 1 to 7 years (40%). The results showed that 66.0% of pharmacists demonstrated moderate information-gathering skills for diarrhea cases and a lower proportion for constipation cases (45.7%). Only 51.4% of pharmacists could provide correct recommendations for diarrhea and constipation cases. Conclusion: These findings highlight the importance of interventions to enhance pharmacists' roles in providing patients with appropriate, safe self-medication services.
Keywords:  self-medication; community pharmacists; diarrhea; constipation
QUALITY ASSURANCE OF SMALL VOLUME PARENTERAL PRODUCT WITH QUALITY BY DESIGN APPROACH: A REVIEW
Authors: Ramadhani Anietta Indri Nur , Yuliana Sri , Sulaiman Teuku Nanda Saifullah
Published: January 2025

Background: Nowadays, many small-volume injection products are circulating on the market. Small-volume parenteral (SVP) products are usually designed for treatment purposes that provide systemic effects. If it is not produced strictly, the product will be hazardous and even life-threatening. Quality assurance is one of the primary tools used to ensure the acceptable performance of SVP products. Quality by design (QbD) represents a systematic strategy for product development that starts with setting a target product quality and emphasizes product process control based on a scientific approach and quality risk assessment. The purpose is to ensure SVP product quality from design to production process. Objective: This review will determine generally Critical Quality Attributes (CQA), Critical Material Attributes (CMA), and Critical Process Parameters (CPP) in terms of explaining the quality assurance of SVP products with a quality-by-design approach. Methods: All articles were obtained by electronic search using ICH guidelines, Science Direct, and Google Scholar. Results: From the literature review, it was found that using a quality-by-design approach through integrated CQA, CMA, and CPP can produce SVP products that comply with QTPP (Quality Target Product Profile) and regulatory requirements. Conclusion: QbD has been established as a valuable scientific approach for ensuring quality assurance within the pharmaceutical industry. Pharmaceutical companies prioritize obtaining regulatory approval before introducing any product to the market.
Keywords: Critical Process Parameter; Critical Quality Attributes; Quality by Design; Parenteral; Small Volume Parenteral.
ANTHOCYANIN ISOLATION METHOD OF RED DRAGON FRUIT (Hylocereus polyrhizus): A REVIEW
Authors: Putra I Wayan Adithyadharmma Asmara , Dewi Luh Putu Mirah Kusuma
Published: January 2025

Background: The body needs antioxidants to reduce the number of free radicals in the body. The anthocyanin compounds in red dragon fruit can be a source of antioxidants to counteract free radicals. Many types of solvents can be used to extract anthocyanins, such as water, methanol, or ethanol. The extracts produced from this process usually contain solvents that can reduce the anthocyanin content in the extract. Objective: Researchers believe that a literature review is needed to find out the factors that affect the isolation of anthocyanin compounds from dragon fruit skin, such as extraction methods, types of solvents, temperatures, and pH. Methods: The methods used in this study were obtained from Google, Google Cendekia, and Pubmed using keywords such as anthocyanin isolation and red dragon fruit. The article used was selected in the range of 10 years, from 2014 to 2024. The inclusion criteria in the search for literature are the articles that explain the anthocyanin isolation method of red dragon fruit and articles are available in Indonesian or English, while the exclusion criteria in this study are articles that are an article review. Results: The methods of maceration, Ultrasonic Assisted Extraction, Microwave Assisted Extraction, and Microwave Assisted Hydro Distillation can be used to isolate anthocyanin compounds using solvents such as citric acid, ethanol, and acetic acid. Conclusion: The ultrasonic assistance method is known to be able to attract the most anthocyanin compounds from red dragon fruit compared to other methods, which is 29,640 mg/5 g. The solvent with the acid environment is more suitable for extracting anthocyanin compounds. Prolonged extraction time can cause a decrease in anthocyanin content, which is associated with anthocyanin degradation by citric acid. The optimal time is 45 minutes with the UAE method.
Keywords: Anthocyanin; Isolation method; Red dragon fruit
DETERMINING FACTORS OF PATIENT SATISFACTION WITH PHARMACEUTICAL SERVICES: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW
Authors: Ramadhan Satrio Dwi , Widyaningsih Chairun , Wahyuni Anna
Published: January 2025

Background: Good pharmaceutical service quality can be seen through the level of patient satisfaction. Patient satisfaction is a feeling that arises from the performance of healthcare services obtained after patients compare them with their expectations and their needs are met. Pharmaceutical services still have shortcomings and require continuous improvement to enhance trust and minimize patient disappointment. Objective: The purpose of this systematic review was to identify and gather evidence related to the factors that determine patient satisfaction. Methods: This systematic review follows the guidelines of the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA). Information collection was conducted through searches on PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar from 2018 to 2023, considering eligibility and inclusion criteria. Results: Eight studies have been identified that provide various determining factors of satisfaction, including 10 factors based on patient characteristics: age, gender, education, job, salary, race, marital status, religion, disease status, and visit. Additionally, there were eight determining factors based on pharmaceutical service providers: location, facilities, medication, pharmacy services, working time, waiting time, assurance, and additional non-paid services. Conclusion: The study identified and collected evidence related to the determining factors of patient satisfaction from 2018 to 2023, along with the reasons from each article. The determinants of satisfaction based on these factors can be considered by pharmacists when determining errors that need to be corrected and services that need improvement.
Keywords: Determinant; Patient Satisfaction; Patient Characteristic; Pharmaceutical Service; PRISMA
Analysis of Granting and Registration Data From the Watershed of the Tributaries of the Upper São Francisco River – SF1, Contained in the IDE-SISEMA
Authors: Santos Flávio Andreote Dos , Borges Luís Antônio Coimbra , Silva Delba Helene Cunha
Published: January 2025

Objective: This study aims to critically investigate and analyze water resource management in the Watershed of the Tributaries of the Upper São Francisco River (SF1), in Minas Gerais, focusing on the granting processes and registrations of insignificant use. It seeks to understand the relationships between the growth of water grants and registrations and socioeconomic variables, such as GDP per capita, population, and land coverage for agriculture
 
Theoretical Framework: The analysis is based on the principles of integrated water resource management and the guidelines of the National Water Resources Policy, considering technical, social, and environmental aspects. Previous studies emphasize the relevance of efficient monitoring and auditing systems in water resource management.
 
Method: The methodology adopted for this research includes an exploratory and descriptive approach, with a documentary analysis of data extracted from IDE-SISEMA and a systematic literature review. The data covers the period from 2018 to 2022 and includes information on grants, registrations, and socioeconomic variables in the SF1 watershed.
 
Results and Discussion: A significant increase in water grants was observed from 2018 onwards, accompanied by a higher proportion of insignificant use registrations. However, correlations between socioeconomic variables and the number of water grants did not show statistical significance. Water resource management in SF1 highlights challenges in balancing water demand and conservation efforts.
 
Research Implications: The practical and theoretical implications of this research highlight the need for more efficient audits and the inclusion of measurable data in registrations to enhance oversight and management of water resources, providing support for more effective public policies.
 
Originality/Value: This study contributes to the literature by evidencing unique patterns and challenges in water resource management in SF1, emphasizing the importance of more rigorous methodologies for the sustainable use of water resources.
Ethnobotany in Riverine Communities in the South of the Amazon
Authors: Furtado Fabiana Caetano , Cruz Sandro Beleza , Bezerra Francilel Arruda , Silva Douglas Marcelo Pinheiro da , Oliveira Benone Otávio Souza de , Lima Renato Abreu
Published: January 2025

Objective: Analyze the importance of medicinal plants and the ethnobotanical knowledge transmitted among riverside communities in southern Amazonas.
 
Theoretical Framework: The importance of medicinal plants for riverside communities, discussing the use of plants as a therapeutic alternative due to the lack of access to conventional medical care.
 
Method: This work used a systematic bibliographic review to analyze studies on ethnobotany in riverside communities in southern Amazonas between 2002 and 2022, addressing interactions between society and biodiversity, sustainability, and environmental conservation. Renowned authors were consulted to identify patterns and gaps in knowledge. The methodology allowed a holistic and interdisciplinary view of the topic, highlighting the importance of biodiversity conservation.
 
Results and Discussion: The results show that medicinal plants are essential for the health and cultural identity of communities, often replacing inaccessible conventional treatments. Ethnobotanical research not only documents these practices but also proposes conservation strategies.
 
Research Implications: The research promotes the conservation of biodiversity, proposing strategies that respect traditional knowledge about medicinal plants, essential for environmental sustainability. It highlights the role of these plants in promoting preventive and therapeutic health, especially in areas where medical care is difficult to access. Furthermore, reinforce the importance of documenting and preserving this knowledge to strengthen the cultural resilience of riverside communities in the face of current pressures.
 
Originality/Value: The originality of the research lies in its interdisciplinary approach, connecting health, culture and environmental conservation. The study offers a holistic view that links communities' ancestral knowledge to sustainability. In addition to documenting this knowledge, research serves as the basis for public policies that promote environmental conservation and value traditional knowledge. This strengthens the autonomy of riverside communities.
Grain Production in Brazil: Evolution of Plantations and Environmental Impact
Authors: Moraes Filho Rodolfo Araujo de , Silva Letícia da Costa e , Albuquerque José de Lima , Cabral Romilson Marques , Silva Ana Maria Navaes da , Rodrigues Gilberto Gonsalves
Published: January 2025

Objective: The objective of this study is to investigate how grain production is structured in Brazil, what quantities are produced in which geographical spaces and, above all, whether the expansion of plantations has caused environmental impact.
 
Theoretical Framework: The model for modern agriculture adds, in addition to the concept of sustainability, the certified traceability of production. The concept of responsible consumption has grown lately, and this is a warning sign for eventual producers who try to distance themselves from these principles and start incorporating environmentally protected lands.
 
Method: The research, of a qualitative-quantitative nature, made use of the method of Factor Analysis of Correspondences, to map the profile of the different cultures in the country. In the qualitative part, it used the technique of discourse analysis (Foucault, 1987) through direct observation (non-participant) from data collected on the subject, from the corporate media and institutional powers.
 
Results and Discussion: The results showed that the structure of the plantations is concentrated in the production of Soybean and Corn, representing 86.7% of all grain production in the country. That these two crops have grown with the incorporation of new lands in the Legal Amazon region, generating a strong environmental impact. That the constant deforestation in the Cerrado region, a territory with high aquifer potential, has been compromising the springs of the main hydrographic basins of South America (Amazon/Tocantins, São Francisco and Prata.
 
Research Implications: The research provides valuable information about the seriousness of the situation regarding the prospect of expansion of the complex (Soybean/Corn) in the Amazon. And, the consequences that all this represents for the problem of climate change due to aggressions to the environment.
 
Originality and Value: The productive profile of each region, drawn in the density graph of the Factor Analysis of Correspondences (CFA) is an originality. The finding that grain production in Brazil follows adequate sustainability standards with the exception of Soybeans and Corn, and the criticism made to this part of agribusiness that has been generating negative externalities with serious damage to the environment is relevant information with value for public policies.
Awareness of the adverse reactions associated with dermal fillers in the oral and maxillofacial region in Saudi Arabia: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Daghri Faris , Alkhwildi Lama , Aldosari Manal , Alanazi Ghaida , Aljourie Fairoz , Alanazi Dalia , Alshehri Sadeem , Alkhraiji Fawzia , Alangari Hanouf
Published: January 2025

Objective:
This study aimed to assess the Saudi population's knowledge about the adverse effects of dermal fillers.
Methods:
This research study employed a quantitative observational cross-sectional design and distributed a self-administered survey to a convenience sample of at least 1500 individuals in Saudi Arabia. It encompassed a broad range of ages and educational backgrounds. The poll examined how demographic factors influence the frequency of dermal filler usage, understanding of potential risks, and personal encounters with the treatments.
Results:
Most participants were females (80.2%), and a substantial portion (53.7%) reported having filler injections. While a significant number of participants rated their knowledge as 'excellent' or 'very good,' their comprehension of severe problems such as eyesight loss, skin ulceration, and hemorrhage was significantly reduced. Furthermore, demographic factors were significantly linked to practical and perceived understanding of dermal filler issues.
Conclusion:
There was a significant gap between the actual and perceived understanding of dermal filler issues in Saudi Arabia. This mismatch highlighted the need for educational campaigns to encourage understanding of minor and serious negative outcomes. It emphasizes physicians as crucial sources of information and to combat misinformation from unreliable platforms like social media.
Decompression venous gas formation intensity scale
Authors: Klenkov I. R. , Palenyi S. R. , Bychkov S. A.
Published: January 2025

Relevance. Severe decompression sickness is the most common diving disorder; therefore, its diagnosis and prevention is considered important aspects of hyperbaric physiology and diving medicine. Diver’s susceptibility to gas bubble formation under decompression is most critical for decompression sickness prevention. Doppler bubble detection is the most common procedure to identify divers who are most susceptible to gas bubble formation under decompression; nevertheless, a more comprehensive examination including pulse pressure and 2D visualization of gas bubbles provide valuable advantages.

The objective is to provide justify the implementation of the decompression risk and venous gas bubble formation scale.

Methods. The study enrolled 42 divers who were examined for tolerance to gas bubble formation under decompression; gas bubbles were visualized using Doppler ultrasound. Next, the developed decompression risk and venous gas bubble formation scale was used to verify its efficiency and practical value.

Results and discussion. After hyperbaric exposure, 2D gas bubble visualization data were analyzed showing that 6 subjects (14.3 %) had no decompression-caused gas bubble formation (0 points); 9 subjects (21.4 %) scored up to 5 points, showing a small amount of gas bubbles during exercise; 22 subjects (52.4 %) scored between 6 and 15; whereas the remaining 5 subjects presented with gas bubbles at rest and a sharp increase in bubble formation during mild exercise. The obtained data suggest that the examined diver cohort included 13 subjects (31 %) with very high tolerance to gas bubble formation, 21 divers (50 %) showing average tolerance and 8 highly susceptible subjects (19 %).

Conclusion. During decompression, venous gas bubble formation scale has significant diagnostic value providing a tool to measure individual diver’s susceptibility to gas bubble formation. The scale allows to reduce the hyperbaric load by decreasing exposure on the ground at threshold pressure (0.4 MPa) and thus reduce the decompression time, based on sufficient evidence regarding individual susceptibility to gas bubble formation under decompression
جذور التسويق والترويج في الموروث النقدي العربي القديم
Authors: عبيد العباسي زبيدة غانم
Published: January 2025

أخذ التسويق في الموروث النقدي عدّة أشكالٍ، ولم يكن معروفًا كما هو عليه في الوقت الحالي. فقد كانت هناك وسائل ترويجية في العصر الجاهلي بمثابة الترويج، ومنها: الشعر، والأسواق، والمناداة، والخطابة. هذه الأشكال البدائية كانت بسيطة مقارنة بما نعرفه اليوم، لكنها كانت فاعلة في المجتمع العربي القديم. ولا شك أنَّ الشعراء كانوا أشخاصًا يتقنون فنّ الترويج، ولاسيما من قصائدهم في المدح والفخر، التي عُدَّت بمثابة الإعلان والتسويق للقبائل وشخصياتها المرموقة. وينبغي أنْ نوضح مسألة مهمة، وهي أنَّ تداول الشعر على ألسنة العامة يُعدَّ جانبًا ترويجيًا وإعلانيًا للشاعر، هذا فيما يخص قصائد المدح والهجاء، وهناك مسائل كثيرة وقفنا عندها في البحث.لقد حوت كتب النقد القديم بعض الروايات التي اتسمت بطابع الترويج والتسويق، فهو ظاهرة قديمة جدًا ترجع إلى بداية التاريخ، أي: مع بداية بيع السلع وعرض الخدمات. فكانت المناداة، التي ما زالت موجودة حتى عصرنا هذا، ظاهرة شبيهة بالإعلان. وكانت الأسواق الوجهة التي تتبنى المادة التسويقية من حيث جودتها وصلاحيتها، وهذا ما وجدناه في سوق عكاظ، الذي كان الواجهة الأساسية التي يتوافد إليها الشعراء ويتبارزون فيما بينهم. أما الخطابة فما زالت وسيلة ترويجية ناجحة؛ كونها واحدة من أهم وسائل التواصل بين المجتمعات، ولها تأثير على مشاعر الجمهور. كذلك، هي أداة سريعة وقوية في نشر الأفكار والأيديولوجيات. فقد كانت قديمًا تركز على القيم والمبادئ المشتركة بين أفراد المجتمع ومن ثم تحاول إبرازها. وهذا ما حوته خطب الرسول محمد (صلى الله عليه وسلم) والخلفاء الراشدين من بعده. إذ كانت هذه الوسائل القديمة جزءًا لا يتجزأ من الحياة اليومية، وأدّت دورًا مشابهًا للتسويق. فضلًا عن ذلك، فقد عكست ثقافة المجتمعات واحتياجاتها آنذاك، وكان لها دور محوري في تعزيز العلاقات السياسية والاجتماعية والدينية والاقتصادية.
The Effect of Word-Association Activities on EFL Iraqi Pupils' Writing
Authors: Ahmed khader Noor Mudher , Saif Al-Deen Saleh Madeha
Published: January 2025

The present study aims at finding out the effect of word association activities strategy on Iraqi EFL pupils’ writing. It is hypothesis that : There is a statistically significant difference between the mean scores of the control group, who are taught by to the conventional method and the mean scores of the experimental group who are taught by Word association activities in the post writing test .To achieve the aims and verify the hypotheses the Nonrandomized experimental group pretest and posttest design has been chosen. The pupils have been taught during the academic year 2023-2024 . A sample consists of ( 60 ) pupils in fifth stage at AL-Barudy Preparatory School for Girls distributed into two groups. Group (A) represents experimental group that includes ( 30 ) pupils are taught according word association activities . Group (B) represents control group which also includes (30) pupils who are taught according to the traditional method. Both groups have been equalized in such variables from Educational level of parent, English grades achievement in previous schooling year , and the pretest of both groups. A unified posttest which contains six questions are designed to collect data . Face and content validity have been attained . The Items have been analyzed statistically , the discrimination power and difficulty level for each items have been calculated . Thus, the whole sample has been exposed to post- writing test . The data collecting from results of the posttest have been analyzed statistically by using T- test of two independent samples. According to the results, there is a statistically significant difference in the mean scores of the experimental group who is taught according to word association activities and the control group who is taught by using the traditional method. Based on the results and obtained conclusions in this study, suitable recommendations and suggestions for further studies are put forward.
A Linguistic Analysis of Oxymoron in Ahmed Matar’s Selected Poems
Authors: Abdurrahman Ruqaiya Burhanuddin
Published: January 2025

The study deals with the oxymoron as a rhetorical device where two words or phrases with opposing meanings are deliberately combined to create a specific effect. The effect can be ironic, sarcastic, humourous, paradoxical or merely emphatic. The study addresses the grammatical, semantic and pragmatic perspectives of oxymoron. It investigates the way these opposing terms function with poetic structure in Matar’s poetry to find out their role in shaping meaning. The study aims to examine the different types of oxymoron in Matar’s poetry, analyze them, and clarify the way Matar employs oxymoron to evoke dramatic and rhetorical effects. The study hypothesizes that the deliberate use of oxymoron creates dramatic atmosphere to enrich the layers of meaning in Matar’s poetry. The study applies syntactic, semantic and pragmatic analysis. The study concludes that the strategic use of oxymoron in Matar’s poetry enhances the dramatic intensity and creates a unique literary style that combines contradictions with deeper thematic resonance.
فاعلية برنامج مقترح قائم على التعلم للفهم لتنمية مهارات تدريس قواعد اللغة العربية عند طلاب الكلية التربوية المفتوحة
Authors: حميد أبرار مهدي
Published: January 2025

يهدف البحث إلى التعرف على فاعلية برنامج مقترح قائم على التعلم للفهم في تنمية مهارات تدريس النحو عند طلبة الصف الخامس العلمي ، وقد بنى الباحث البرنامج التعليمي وتضمن أدوات الدارسة المتمثلة بالبرنامج المقترح واختبار مهارات تدريس النحو. اختار الباحث الكلية التربوية المفتوحة فرع بلد الدراسي في محافظة صلاح الدين لإجراء البحث، ومن ثمَ اختيار المرحلة الثانية من قسم معلم الصفوف الأولية ، وتكونت عينة البحث من (60) طالباً وطالبة ، وبعد الانتهاء من إعداد البرنامج وأدوات الدراسة الخاصة به قام الباحث بتطبيق البرنامج ، حيث تم تدريس موضوعات البرنامج للمجموعة التجريبية في (8) محاضرات في الأسبوع للتعرف على تحقيق الأهداف في تنمية مهارات تدريس النحو عند الطلاب المعلمين في الكلية التربوية المفتوحة للمرحلة الثانية في قسم معلوم الصفوف الاولية لمادة العربية العامة . تم تطبيق الاختبار البعدي بعدياً على المجموعتين التجريبية والضابطة في يوم الثلاثاء الموافق 6\12\2019 ، وتم رصد النتائج النهائية. وتوصل البحث إلى النتائج الآتية: يوجد فرق ذو دلالة إحصائية عند مستوى (0.05) بين متوسط درجات المجموعتين التجريبية والضابطة في مادة العربية العامة في الاختبار البعدي في تنمية مهارات تدريس النحو لدى طلبة الكلية التربوية المفتوحة ولصالح المجموعة التجريبية ، وأوصى الباحث بضرورة استخدام البرامج الحديثة في تدريس مادة العربية العامة والمواد العربية الأخرى .
The Roots of Marketing and Promotion in The Ancient Arab Monetary Heritage
Authors: Hameed May Tahseen , Yass Mayada Khdayr , Hameed Hind Tahseen
Published: January 2025

This study aims to analyze how the narratives from the areas of conflict treat the notions of war, with reference to the literary works of “The Red Badge of Courage” authored by Stephen Crane and “All Quiet on the Western Front” authored by Erich Maria Remarque. This study investigates in detail how these novels subvert conventional political and cultural discourses on war through language and other textual strategies. The study adopts a qualitative approach to analyze the data using Norman Fairclough’s three-dimensional framework for discourse analysis, the study analyzes both texts at three levels: Textual or New Historicist, social and postcolonial, historical and postmodernist. The present study finds that the myth of war as glorious is challenged by both authors as they conceptualize the psychological and emotional distraught that comes with engaging in combat. Both novels show this by portraying soldier as disillusioned men, who are filled with fear, anxiety, and sorrowing and denying an idealistic heroic image of war, informing the characters and readers that in war, human being need companionship. Both works illustrate that the true beauty of the story lies in the ugliness of war; this paper argues that, therefore, only a genuine struggle could result in achievements, not celebrations of war. The study further concludes that these sorts of literary works rise above traditional sort of warfare, and are more realistic and coming closer to the real human feel of the issues resulting from warfare.
خطاب الكراهية عند ابن الرومي
Authors: حمد باسم محمد
Published: January 2025

تناول البحث خطاب الكراهية في شعر ابن الرومي، وتم تقسيمه إلى التعريف بالكراهية لغة واصطلاحا، ومفهوم الكراهية و نبذة عن حياة الشاعر ابن الرومي، وأنواع خطاب الكراهية وهي السياسي والاجتماعي والثقافي والديني، ثم الخاتمة وقائمة المصادر.
سردية القصيدة الحكائية في شعر كاظم حجاج
Authors: ارحيل إسراء محمد
Published: January 2025

تهدف هذه الدراسة إلى استكشاف عمق القصيدة الحكائية المعاصرة، وكشف الأبعاد السردية المتأصلة في الخطاب الشعري، وتحديد أبرز العناصر السردية المستمدة من الفنون النثرية مثل القصة والحكاية والرواية، التي ساهمت في تحول الشعر الغنائي إلى شعر حكائي، حيث استفاد الشعر الغنائي من هذه العناصر، لتوسيع آفاقه المعنوية وتعميق تجربته الإبداعية. وتكمن الإشكالية البحثية في تحديد طبيعة التداخل بين السرد والشعر في القصيدة العربية الحديثة، وكيفية تجسيد هذا التداخل في تجربة الشاعر العراقي البصري كاظم الحجاج ، وما هي الآثار الفنية والأدبية المترتبة على هذا التداخل.
Association of Animal Protein Adequacy with Nutritional Status: A Study on High School Adolescents in Semarang City
Authors: Melati Sekar , Ayuningtyas Rr. Annisa , Jauharany Firdananda Fikri , Ulvie Yuliana Noor Setiawati
Published: January 2025

This study aimed to determine the relationship between animal protein and calcium adequacy with nutritional status. This is a cross–sectional study with 78 subjects selected by purposive sampling method. This study was conducted in State Senior High School 2 and State Senior High School 9 Semarang. The data were analyzed using Spearman's rank test. The results showed an association between animal protein adequacy and nutritional status (p=0.027, r=-0.250). There was no association between calcium adequacy and nutritional status (p=0.574, r=0.065). In conclusion, protein adequacy is associated with nutritional status among adolescents, but calcium is not.
Relationship of Body Image and Mindful Eating with Nutritional Status in Students of K.H. Sahlan Rosyidi Islamic Boarding School
Authors: Dewi Vania Alvita , Ulvie Yuliana Noor Setiawati , Jauharany Firdananda Fikri , Ayuningtyas Rr. Annisa
Published: January 2025

This study aimed to analyze the relationship of body image and mindful eating with nutritional status of female students at K.H. Sahlan Rosjidi Islamic Boarding School using Body Shape Questionnaire, Mindful Eating Questionnaire and Body Mass Index (BMI). The samples were 75 students using purposive sampling method. Data analysis was performed using Spearman's rank test. There is a relationship between body image perception and nutritional status (p=<0.001) and no relationship between mindful eating and nutritional status (p=0.646). Most subjects have a positive body image and good eating habits.
New soviet holidays in the traditional holiday calendar of rural residents of Altai in the second part of the XX century (based on materials of ethnographic expeditions 2013–2024)
Authors: Aksenova I. Yu.
Published: January 2025

The article examines the issues of introducing and adapting new Soviet holidays in Altai among the descendants of old-timers and settlers in the second half of the 20th century. An analysis is given of the traditional elements of the calendar holiday rituals of the descendants of old-timers and settlers of Altai, included in the script of new Soviet holidays (New Year, of Seeing the Russian Winter Off holiday, Russian Birch or Furrow), shows similar inclusions of elements from the scripts of Soviet holidays in the traditional calendar holidays of rural residents. An analysis of stories from representatives of different generations (older, born in the 1920s–1930s, and younger, born in late of the 1930s–1950s) was carried out to determine the loss of knowledge about the meanings of old holidays and the traditions of their celebration, as well as the traditions of celebrating new Soviet holidays. The article is based on materials from the author’s field expeditions in 2013–2024 to the territory of a number of districts of the Altai Territory (Shipunovsky, Mamontovsky, Romanovsky, Kurinsky, Ust-Pristansky, Volchikhinsky and other districts), as well as materials from regional archives and rural periodicals. The novelty of the study lies in the fact that the problem is considered for the first time at a narrow regional level (district, village).
Some records about seraser fabrics in the Ottoman
Authors: Aytaç Ah.
Published: January 2025

All states in the world have tried to classify their historical correspondence according to their type and importance and keep them as archive documents. Written paper has always been considered important by the Turks and efforts have been made to preserve it carefully. In the Ottoman Empire, which lasted approximately 600 years before the Republic of Turkey, care was taken to preserve official documents. Today, the Presidential Ottoman Archives is an important archive center where a large amount of documents are preserved. Turks brought with them traditional cultures from the geography of Turkestan to Anatolia and the Balkans. Within this culture, there are important textile products that have been introduced to world civilization, from floor mats such as carpets and rugs to precious fabrics. One of the very important and valuable fabrics of the Ottoman period is seraser. There are many documents related to seraser fabric from the Presidential Ottoman Archives.
«Chinese pages» in the diaries of the artist Grigory Likman
Authors: Prokopyev M. V.
Published: January 2025

The article analyses fragments of the diaries of the famous Novosibirsk artist Grigory Gustavovich Likman (1954 and 1960), which represent a publicistic reflection on the events of the Soviet-Chinese cultural exchange in which the artist was involved. These pages reflect the general moments of the Soviet creative intelligentsia's reception of Chinese culture; they contain a vivid emotional reaction to a completely different culture, including visual culture. At the same time, Likman's analyses of his impressions and their recording in the text are accompanied by the application of new knowledge in practice: the artist tries to combine the principles of traditional Chinese painting (the desire to convey the essence of the depicted, the special expressiveness of brush movement, spontaneity) with his own already established artistic style. Likman's diary entries and sketches testify to his keen interest in new painting and decorative-applied techniques and are an important source for filling in the gaps in the creative biography of this very versatile artist. The analysis of the diaries confirms the observations of art historians made on the material of painting and graphics: the artist tried to comprehend socially significant subjects in a lyrical way as well as he comprehended domestic subjects.
Translating tissue expression of STAT 1, 3 and 6 in prurigo nodularis to clinical efficacy of oral tofacitinib – A prospective single-arm investigational study
Authors: Sardana Kabir , Mathachan Sinu Rose , Muddebihal Aishwarya , Agrawal Diksha , Ahuja Arvind
Published: January 2025

Background

Interleukin (IL)-4, IL-13, IL-17, IL-22 and IL-3 are overexpressed in prurigo nodularis (PN). They mediate their action via the Janus Kinase (JAK) Signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) pathway.

Objectives

Our aim was to study the expression of tissue STAT1, STAT3, and STAT6, as well as the efficacy of the JAK-STAT inhibitor, tofacitinib, in PN.

Methods

A prospective study was conducted in a tertiary care hospital. Patients with PN were recruited after excluding secondary causes. Pruritus was graded using Pruritus Grading System Score (PGSS). All cases underwent histological assessment using immunohistochemical markers for STAT1, STAT3, and STAT6 in both lesional and perilesional skin. Tofacitinib was initiated at a dose of 5 mg twice daily or 11 mg once daily and then tapered to a maintenance dose. The final PGSS at the time of data evaluation, as well as the occurrence of remissions and relapses, was assessed.

Results

The majority of the 17 patients included in the study had moderate to severe disease. Immunohistochemical analysis revealed marked tissue expression of STAT6 in 13 and STAT3 in 10 patients, while STAT1 expression was seen in only 4 patients [p < 0.05], suggesting a Th2/Th17 tissue response. The mean onset of action of tofacitinib was 11.2 ± 6.44 days and the mean duration of treatment was 5.6 ± 2.2 months. A significant reduction in PGSS was noted after treatment (66.1%, P value 0.0004). Fourteen of the patients maintained remission on low-dose therapy (5 mg OD or A/D) while one patient experienced a relapse. No serious adverse effects were noted.

Limitation

We could not study the tissue cytokines and the expression of STATs after achieving clinical response on oral tofacitinib.

Conclusion

The efficacy of tofacitinib in PN is based on its inhibitory effect on Th2 and Th17 cytokines, which is dependent on STAT6 and STAT3.
Assessing second-hand smoke exposure among non-smoking youth in India: Insights from GATS I & II
Authors: Chopra Mansi , Gupta Amrita , Sharma Bhavya , Kakade Narendra , Arora Monika
Published: January 2025

Background & objectives

This study aimed to compare the prevalence and identify the patterns of second-hand smoke (SHS) exposure among non-smoking Indian youth (ages 15-24 and 25-29 yr) in various settings-homes, workplaces, public places, and a combination of these locations-based on sociodemographic factors and knowledge about the health implications of smoking. The purpose of the study was to identify the factors influencing SHS exposure in India between the Global Adult Tobacco Survey (GATS) I and II.

Methods

Secondary data analysis was conducted utilising GATS I and II data to analyse the prevalence and patterns of SHS exposure at home, workplace, public place and all the places combined among non-smoking youths aged 15-29 yr. The study sample included 20,604 and 20,927 individuals for GATS I and II, respectively. The predictor variables included the sociodemographic variables and the knowledge regarding the ill effects of smoking. Weighted prevalence was calculated using survey weights, and multivariate logistic regression analyses were utilised to examine the adjusted relationships between SHS exposure and predictors.

Results

Between GATS I and II, there was a notable decline in the weighted prevalence of SHS exposure at home and in public places among non-smoking youth aged 15-29 yr. The study also indicates an increase in workplace SHS exposure between the two rounds of GATS among non-smoking youth who had knowledge about the ill effects of SHS exposure on health. Multivariate regression analyses revealed significant associations between SHS exposure and gender, education level, employment status, place of residence, and wealth index, affecting exposure in one or more locations.

Interpretation & conclusions

Our secondary analysis of GATS data from 2009-10 to 2016-17 reveals a decline in SHS exposure at home and public places but an increase in workplaces among non-smoking youth. Factors like female gender, higher education, and wealth were linked to lower SHS exposure, while rural residence and self-employment indicated higher risks. These findings underscore the need for targeted, community-based interventions and stricter enforcement of anti-tobacco laws to protect non-smoking youth in India.
Recent HCMV infection in early pregnancy associates with congenital transmission & adverse pregnancy outcome: A prospective cohort study
Authors: Palav Harsha Chandrashekhar , Padwal Varsha Sakharam , Velhal Shilpa Milind , Yadav Sapna , Bhonde Gauri Sanjay , Kalsurkar Varsha , Agrawal Sachee , Set Reena , Shastri Jayanthi , Shah Forum , Shah Ira , Satoskar Purnima , Patel Vainav , Bhor Vikrant Madhukar
Published: January 2025

Background & objectives

Human Cytomegalovirus (HCMV) infection, leading to >90 per cent seropositivity in women of reproductive age from India, is the largest cause of congenital infections worldwide. HCMV infection status was prospectively monitored together with congenital transmission (cCMV) and adverse pregnancy outcomes (APO) in a public health setting where maternal or neonatal screening was not in practice.

Methods

Eighty three pregnant women, with (n=45) and without (n=38) bad obstetric history (BOH), were monitored for HCMV infection by ELISA-(IgM, IgG, IgG avidity) for all TORCH (Toxoplasma, Rubella, HCMV, HSV 1 & 2) pathogens along with HCMV-specific chemiluminescent microparticle immunoassay (CMIA) and nested polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Descriptive statistics were applied on data sets to determine associations between maternal infection status, pregnancy outcome and cCMV in 52 mother-neonate dyads.

Results

Combined avidity, PCR-based and HCMV IgM screening, compared to the latter alone, was successful in identifying incident infection during early pregnancy. Pregnancy loss was associated strongly with BOH and concurrent HCMV infection. Features associated with APO and cCMV, were high PCR positivity (first trimester) and high rates of HCMV-specific IgM and intermediate IgG avidity (P=0.0211, 0.0455). Also, recent HCMV infection (intermediate IgG avidity), observed mainly in the BOH group, but not recurrent infection (IgM positivity), in first and second trimesters, was associated with neonatal saliva positivity and adverse outcomes, including neonatal death (P=0.0762). Exposure to other TORCH pathogens, while detected, did not include IgM positivity or low/intermediate IgG.

Conclusion

This study highlights the significance of conducting early, multi-pronged screening for maternal HCMV infection during pregnancy, especially in public health settings with high HCMV seroprevalence.
Sythetisches Fett
Authors: Schulte K. E. , Weisskopf W.
Published: January 2025

Kurze Zusammenfassung der Chemie und Physiologie der durch Paraffinoxydation gewonnen Fettsäuren und der daraus hergestellten Glyceride.
Метод и система Контроля и управления процессом нанесения катализатора на ориентированные углеродные нанотрубки при изготовлении электродов ТВЕРДООКСИДНЫХ ТОПЛИВНЫХ ЭЛЕМЕНТОВ
Authors: Образцов Д.В. , Платёнкин А.В. , Чернышов В.Н.
Published: January 2025

Рассмотрен метод и система технологического контроля процессом нанесения катализатора на синтезированные углеродные нанотрубки (УНТ), ориентированные перпендикулярно к поверхности электродов твердооксидных топливных элементов (ТОТЭ). Метод включает в себя четыре этапа: синтез зародышей катализатора на электродах ТОТЭ, рост островкового катализатора, выращивание УНТ на островках катализатора, нанесение катализатора на внешние и внутренние поверхности УНТ с помощью предложенных устройства и алгоритма вращения электродов в процессе напыления, позволяющих производить равномерное нанесение катализатора. Предложенный подход позволят получить на поверхности электродов слой катализатора с высокой активной площадью, что способствует существенному увеличению мощности ТОТЭ и уменьшению их массогабаритных параметров. Разработанная система позволяет осуществить контроль высоты растущих УНТ в процессе химического осаждения из газовой фазы. Экспериментальная проверка разработанного метода и системы контроля и управления показала кратное увеличение активной площади катализатора на поверхности электродов ТОТЭ, что, в итоге, существенно повысило их мощность.

The method and system of technological control of the process of applying a catalyst to synthesized carbon nanotubes (CNT) oriented perpendicular to the surface of the electrodes of solid oxide fuel cells (SOFC) are considered. The method includes four stages: synthesis of catalyst nuclei on TTE electrodes, growth of an insular catalyst, growing CNT on catalyst islands, applying the catalyst to the outer and inner surfaces of CNT using the proposed device and the algorithm of rotation of the electrodes during spraying, allowing for uniform application of the catalyst. The proposed approach will make it possible to obtain a catalyst layer with a high active area on the surface of the electrodes, which contributes to a significant increase in the power of the SOFC and a decrease in their weight and size parameters. The developed system makes it possible to control the height of growing CNT in the process of chemical deposition from the gas phase. The experimental verification of the developed method and the monitoring and control system showed a multiple increase in the active area of the catalyst on the surface of the SOFC electrodes, which, as a result, significantly increased their power.