bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Can erythema multiforme be an immune sequela of IgM nephropathy? A case report
Authors: Messina Francesco , Fagotto Laura , Caroppo Francesca , Salmaso Roberto , Belloni Fortina Anna
Published: October 2022

A 13-year-old Chinese girl attended to our Pediatric Dermatology Unit for the appearance of itchy targetoid lesions on the trunk, face and upper limbs. A skin biopsy showed histological findings typical of erythema multiforme minor. A month earlier she was admitted for the onset of a nephrotic syndrome and the renal biopsy showed an IgM nephropathy with a diffuse mesangial cell proliferation. There was no medical history of recent infections, fever, muscle or joint pain, drugs intake related to erythema multiforme and viral serology were negative.

The role of antibodies in erythema multiforme could be more relevant than suspected and the severity of erythema multiforme was reported to be proportional to the antibody-mediated complement-dependent cytotoxicity, supporting the potential pathogenetic role for humoral immunity in this subtype of erythema multiforme.

We reported the first association of erythema multiforme and IgM nephropathy in a pediatric patient providing an additional hint that an antibody-mediated process, rather than T-cell cytotoxicity, might represent the main pathogenetic mechanism in certain subtypes of erythema multiforme.
iDNA-ABF: multi-scale deep biological language learning model for the interpretable prediction of DNA methylations
Authors: Jin Junru , Yu Yingying , Wang Ruheng , Zeng Xin , Pang Chao , Jiang Yi , Li Zhongshen , Dai Yutong , Su Ran , Zou Quan , Nakai Kenta , Wei Leyi
Published: October 2022

In this study, we propose iDNA-ABF, a multi-scale deep biological language learning model that enables the interpretable prediction of DNA methylations based on genomic sequences only. Benchmarking comparisons show that our iDNA-ABF outperforms state-of-the-art methods for different methylation predictions. Importantly, we show the power of deep language learning in capturing both sequential and functional semantics information from background genomes. Moreover, by integrating the interpretable analysis mechanism, we well explain what the model learns, helping us build the mapping from the discovery of important sequential determinants to the in-depth analysis of their biological functions.
Indicators for local policies of cultural welfare: content, dimensions, and quality criteria
Authors: Cicerchia Annalisa
Published: October 2022

Wellbeing measures are gaining consensus as complementary to the traditional GDP approach when it comes to assessing the development of countries and communities. Cultural Welfare is a new, integrated approach aimed at promoting the wellbeing and health of individuals and communities through practices rooted in the arts and in cultural heritage. Recently, experimental tools have been devised and applied, with reference to either specific target groups of beneficiaries or individual cultural/artistic disciplines, the purpose of which is to measure and assess the contribution to individual and societal wellbeing, as well as the health of cultural and artistic participation and practice in general. Policies aimed at promoting cultural welfare need a robust body of evidence, and indicators may contribute to supporting them. While measures for the assessment of the culture-and-wellbeing relationship have been proposed at the national level or at the level of individual organizations or programmes, the level of local policies appears still largely unexplored. The article discusses a few theoretical and methodological issues and proposes a set of quality criteria for designing cultural welfare indicators on a local scale.
Building bridges: a review and synthesis of research on teaching knowledge for undergraduate instruction in science, engineering, and mathematics
Authors: Andrews Tessa C. , Speer Natasha M. , Shultz Ginger V.
Published: October 2022

Here, we systematically review research on teaching knowledge in the context of undergraduate STEM education, with particular attention to what this research reveals about knowledge that is important for evidence-based teaching. Evidence-based teaching can improve student outcomes in undergraduate STEM education. However, the enactment of promising evidence-based teaching strategies depends greatly on the instructor and potentially on the teaching knowledge they are able to deploy. The review includes an overview of prevalent teaching knowledge theory, including pedagogical content knowledge, mathematical knowledge for teaching, and pedagogical knowledge. We compare and contrast teaching knowledge theory and terminology across STEM disciplines in order to build bridges for researchers across disciplines. Our search for peer-reviewed investigations of teaching knowledge in undergraduate science, engineering and mathematics yielded 45 papers. We examined the theoretical frameworks used in each study and analyzed study approaches, comparing across disciplines. Importantly, we also synthesized findings from research conducted in the context of evidence-based teaching. Overall, teaching knowledge research is sparse and siloed by discipline, and we call for collaborative work and better bridge-building across STEM disciplines. Though disciplinary divergences are common in discipline-based education research, the effect is magnified in this research area because the theoretical frameworks are themselves siloed by discipline. Investigations of declarative knowledge were common, and we call for increased attention to knowledge used in the practice of teaching. Finally, there are not many studies examining teaching knowledge in the context of evidence-based teaching, but the existing work suggests that components of pedagogical content knowledge, pedagogical knowledge, and content knowledge influence the implementation of evidence-based teaching. We describe implications for future teaching knowledge research. We also call on those who develop and test evidence-based strategies and curriculum to consider, from the beginning, the teaching knowledge needed for effective implementation.
Spatial dissimilarity of zooplankton and hydrodynamic conditions in a Patagonian channel used intensely by aquaculture: the influence of a geomorphological constriction
Authors: Hernández-Miranda Eduardo , Betancourt Ignacio , Sobarzo Marcus , Vergara Odette , Iturra Claudio , Quiñones Renato A.
Published: October 2022

Background

Marine aquaculture is a very important economic and food production activity in Patagonian channels. The biophysical mechanisms through which farms interact with surrounding areas is poorly understood. A better understanding of the relationship between zooplankton distribution, hydrodynamics and aquaculture farms in Patagonian channels can contribute to the environmental sustainability of this activity.

Methods

The study was conducted in winter in the Caucahué Channel (Chiloé Island, southern Chile), which is composed of two asymmetric northern and southern sections separated by a geomorphological constriction (a narrows) and hosts 55 aquaculture farms. Intensive zooplankton and water column sampling (time scale: 12 h) was carried out, together with current measurements as a background of the channel hydrodynamics (time scale: 30 days).

Results

Spatial dissimilarities in composition and abundances of zooplankton communities and in water column variables were identified between the two sections of the channel in this short-term time scale. In the southern section we found higher abundances of holo- and meroplankton and higher species richness. No differences in zooplankton community were found between sampling sites near and far from aquaculture farms. Southward asymmetrical residual flow and semidiurnal tidal excursion were verified in the central part of the channel during two tidal fortnightly time periods.

Conclusions

(i) Clear dissimilarity in zooplankton composition were found between the two sections of Caucahué Channel in the time scale studied; and (ii) Quemchi geomorphological constriction and the asymmetrical southward residual flow could act as a physical barrier favoring the spatial dissimilarities found in biotic and abiotic variables between the two sections of the channel.
The association between dietary glycemic index and cardio-metabolic risk factors in obese individuals
Authors: Siri Goli , Mahmoudinezhad Mahsa , Alesaeidi Samira , Farhangi Mahdieh Abbasalizad , Ardekani Abnoos Mokhtari
Published: October 2022

Background:

The dietary glycemic index (GI) has been introduced as a novel index to elucidate the potential of foods to increase postprandial glucose. According to the limited available data about the association of GI with cardio-metabolic risk factors such as lipid profile, blood glucose markers, and blood pressure in developing countries, the current study was conducted to investigate this association in apparently obese individuals.

Method and material:

Three hundred forty-seven obese adults were recruited in the present cross-sectional study. A validated 147-food item semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) was used to evaluate the usual dietary intake of study participants. Dietary GI was calculated using the international GI database. Fatty acid desaturase (FADs)2 gene variants were determined according to polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP). ANOVA was used to compare study variables across different tertile of GI.

Results:

We found significant differences in terms of anthropometric parameters [weight (P = 0.038), waist circumference (WC) (P = 0.023), weight to hip ratio (WHR) (P = 0.007), and fat-free mass (FFM) (P < 0.001)] between different tertiles of GI. Similarly, energy and macronutrient intakes had a significant difference across dietary GI, and subjects with a higher dietary intake of energy and macronutrients (carbohydrate, protein, and total fat) were assigned to the third tertile of dietary GI (P < 0.001). While there was no significant difference in terms of cardio-metabolic risk factors in different dietary GI tertiles. Moreover, the total GI score was non-significantly higher in the TT genotype of FADS2 gene polymorphism compared with other genotypes. While no significant difference was observed between FADS2 genotype frequencies in different GI tertiles.

Conclusion:

Calculated dietary GI was associated with several cardio-metabolic risk factors in obese individuals. However, further prospective studies and clinical trials are needed to confirm our findings.
Isolated slow orthostatic tremor of the trunk
Authors: Aziz N. Ahmad , Grobe-Einsler Marcus , Kaut Oliver
Published: October 2022

Slow orthostatic tremor is an extremely rare movement disorder with relatively low-frequency tremor (< 13 Hz) in the legs and trunk, which is evoked by standing. There is still much controversy regarding its precise etiology. Here we present a 57 year-old female patient with a slow orthostatic tremor variant who experienced progressive gait disturbances since six years due to isolated trunk tremor. Potential symptomatic causes of tremor and other neurological co-morbidities were excluded through an exenstive clinical, laboratoy and imaging work-up. Subsequently, a combined treatment with propranolol and primidone was started, which resulted in almost complete resolution of the trunk tremor. Given that the slow trunk tremor in this patient almost completely resolved after therapy with a low-dose propranolol and primidone, considered first line drugs for the treatment of essential tremor, this case illustrates that isolated orthostatic trunk tremor may occur as a rare variant of essential tremor.
Value of laryngeal ultrasound in comparison with flexible laryngoscope in diagnosis of various laryngeal masses: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Gadalla Amr A. Elfattah Hassan , Othman Khaled Mohamed , Hamela Mo’men Ali Ameen , El Bohy Abo El Magd Mohamed
Published: October 2022

Background

The term "vocal cord mass" refers to any abnormal growth of the vocal cords. This may include nodules, cysts, polyps, or cancers. Hoarseness of voice is considered the most common symptom of laryngeal lesions. Ultrasound imaging has evolved into a valuable and effective technique for evaluating the head and neck region, including the larynx's structure. Our aim is to evaluate laryngeal ultrasound as an alternative technique to the flexible laryngoscope in the diagnosis and assessment of various laryngeal masses.

Results

The study included 30 males (57.7%) and 22 females (42.3%) who presented with hoarseness of voice. All patients had laryngeal ultrasonography, which was followed by flexible laryngoscopy. The most commonly affected cord was the left vocal cord (42.3%), followed by the right vocal cord (32.7%), and finally both of them (25%). The sensitivity of laryngeal ultrasonography was 88.5% compared to the gold standard flexible laryngoscopy (pvalue 0.031).

Conclusions

The laryngeal ultrasonography is a highly successful technique in the diagnosis and assessment of various laryngeal masses and could be complementary to flexible laryngoscopy in many cases, especially when laryngoscopy is contraindicated, with relatively high sensitivity in the detection of laryngeal masses.
New Onset or Deterioration of Thyroid Eye Disease After mRNA SARS-CoV-2 Vaccines: Report of 2 Cases and Literature Review
Authors: Mohamed Abubakr , Tzoulis Ploutarchos , Kossler Andrea Lora , Dosiou Chrysoula
Published: October 2022

Context

Occurrence of Graves’ disease (GD) has been reported following SARS-CoV-2 vaccine administration, but little is known about thyroid eye disease (TED) after SARS-CoV-2 vaccination.

Objective

We describe 2 cases of TED activation following mRNA SARS-CoV-2 vaccination and review additional cases reported in the literature.

Methods

We report 2 cases of TED activation following SARS-CoV-2 vaccination: 1 case of TED worsening in a patient with GD, and 1 of de novo active TED progressing to dysthyroid optic neuropathy in a patient with a history of Hashimoto hypothyroidism. Our literature search revealed 8 additional reported TED cases associated with SARS-CoV-2 vaccination until June 2022. We review the characteristics, duration, and management of TED following SARS-CoV-2 vaccination in these cases.

Results

Of all 10 reported TED cases following SARS-CoV-2 vaccination, 4 developed new-onset TED and 6 previously stable TED cases experienced significant deterioration. Six patients had known GD and 2 patients had Hashimoto thyroiditis. Two cases progressed to dysthyroid optic neuropathy, 6 had moderate/severe active disease, and 2 had mild disease that did not require treatment. Seven TED cases received teprotumumab and had a favorable response, 2 of whom had prior limited response to initial prednisone or methylprednisolone and tocilizumab therapy.

Conclusion

New diagnosis or deterioration of TED after mRNA SARS-CoV-2 vaccination can occur, with most cases described in patients with underlying autoimmune thyroid disease. Our report raises awareness to this potential complication to promote early recognition and prompt management of TED associated with mRNA SARS-CoV-2 vaccines. Further studies are needed to explore the mechanism, risk factors, prevention, and treatment of TED following mRNA SARS-CoV-2 vaccination.
Black Life Matter
Authors: Gray Biko Mandela
Published: October 2022

In Black Life Matter, Biko Mandela Gray offers a philosophical eulogy for Aiyana Stanley-Jones, Tamir Rice, Alton Sterling, and Sandra Bland that attests to their irreducible significance in the face of unremitting police brutality. Gray employs a theoretical method he calls “sitting-with”—a philosophical practice of care that seeks to defend the dead and the living. He shows that the police who killed Stanley-Jones and Rice reduced them to their bodies in ways that turn black lives into tools that the state uses to justify its violence and existence. He outlines how Bland’s arrest and death reveal the affective resonances of blackness, and he contends that Sterling’s physical movement and speech before he was killed point to black flesh as unruly living matter that exceeds the constraints of the black body. These four black lives, Gray demonstrates, were more than the brutal violence enacted against them; they speak to a mode of life that cannot be fully captured by the brutal logics of antiblackness.
Lion's Share
Authors: Erlmann Veit
Published: October 2022

In the aftermath of apartheid, South Africa undertook an ambitious revision of its intellectual property system. In Lion’s Share Veit Erlmann traces the role of copyright law in this process and its impact on the South African music industry. Although the South African government tied the reform to its postapartheid agenda of redistributive justice and a turn to a postindustrial knowledge economy, Erlmann shows how the persistence of structural racism and Euro-modernist conceptions of copyright threaten the viability of the reform project. In case studies ranging from antipiracy police raids and the crafting of legislation to protect indigenous expressive practices to the landmark lawsuit against Disney for its appropriation of Solomon Linda’s song "Mbube" for its hit “The Lion Sleeps Tonight” from The Lion King, Erlmann follows the intricacies of musical copyright through the criminal justice system, parliamentary committees, and the offices of a music licensing and royalty organization. Throughout, he demonstrates how copyright law is inextricably entwined with race, popular music, postcolonial governance, indigenous rights, and the struggle to create a more equitable society.
First-Pass Effect Predicts Clinical Outcome and Infarct Growth After Thrombectomy for Distal Medium Vessel Occlusions
Authors: Farouki Yousra , Bonnet Thomas , Mine Benjamin , Hulscher Franny , Wang Maud , Elens Stephanie , Vazquez Suarez Juan , Jodaitis Lise , Ligot Noémie , Naeije Gilles , Walker Gregory , Lubicz Boris , Guenego Adrien
Published: October 2022

BACKGROUND:

The first-pass effect in endovascular thrombectomy (EVT) has been associated with better clinical outcomes and decreased stroke progression in large vessel occlusion but has not been evaluated in distal, medium vessel occlusions (DMVOs).

OBJECTIVE:

To assess the impact on clinical outcome and stroke progression of the modified first-pass effect (defined as a successful first-pass [modified Thrombolysis In Cerebral Infarction 2b/2c/3] revascularization) in patients who underwent EVT for a primary DMVOs.

METHODS:

We collected data from consecutive patients who underwent EVT for a primary DMVO at a single large academic center. We compared the rate of good clinical outcome (modified Rankin Scale of 0-2 at 3 months) and stroke progression between patients who demonstrated modified first-pass effect (mFPE) vs those who did not (no-mFPE).

RESULTS:

Between January 2018 and January 2021, we included 60 patients who underwent EVT for an acute ischemic stroke with a primary DMVO. Overall, mFPE was achieved in 32% (19/60) of EVTs. The mFPE was associated with a higher rate of good clinical outcome compared with no-mFPE (89% vs 46%, odds ratio = 16.04 [2.23-115.39], P = .006 in multivariate analysis). Final stroke volume was less among mFPE patients (6.9 mL [4.7-13.6] vs 23 mL [14.6-47], P = .001) as was stroke progression (6.8 mL [4-12.1] vs 17.8 mL [8.1-34.9], P = .016). The mFPE was still associated with higher rates of good clinical outcome when compared with patients reaching an modified Thrombolysis In Cerebral Infarction score ≥2b in more than 1 pass (89% vs 53%; odds ratio = 7.37 [1.43-38.08], P = .017).

CONCLUSION:

The mFPE may be associated with better clinical outcomes and lower stroke progression in DMVO.
Development of Risk Stratification Predictive Models for Cervical Deformity Surgery
Authors: Passias Peter G. , Ahmad Waleed , Oh Cheongeun , Imbo Bailey , Naessig Sara , Pierce Katherine , Lafage Virginie , Lafage Renaud , Hamilton D. Kojo , Protopsaltis Themistocles S. , Klineberg Eric O. , Gum Jeffrey , Schoenfeld Andrew J. , Line Breton , Hart Robert A. , Burton Douglas C. , Bess Shay , Schwab Frank J. , Smith Justin S. , Shaffrey Christopher I. , Ames Christopher P.
Published: October 2022

BACKGROUND:

As corrective surgery for cervical deformity (CD) increases, so does the rate of complications and reoperations. To minimize suboptimal postoperative outcomes, it is important to develop a tool that allows for proper preoperative risk stratification.

OBJECTIVE:

To develop a prognostic utility for identification of risk factors that lead to the development of major complications and unplanned reoperations.

METHODS:

CD patients age 18 years or older were stratified into 2 groups based on the postoperative occurrence of a revision and/or major complication. Multivariable logistic regressions identified characteristics that were associated with revision or major complication. Decision tree analysis established cutoffs for predictive variables. Models predicting both outcomes were quantified using area under the curve (AUC) and receiver operating curve characteristics.

RESULTS:

A total of 109 patients with CD were included in this study. By 1 year postoperatively, 26 patients experienced a major complication and 17 patients underwent a revision. Predictive modeling incorporating preoperative and surgical factors identified development of a revision to include upper instrumented vertebrae > C5, lowermost instrumented vertebrae > T7, number of unfused lordotic cervical vertebrae > 1, baseline T1 slope > 25.3°, and number of vertebral levels in maximal kyphosis > 12 (AUC: 0.82). For developing a major complication, a model included a current smoking history, osteoporosis, upper instrumented vertebrae inclination angle < 0° or > 40°, anterior diskectomies > 3, and a posterior Smith Peterson osteotomy (AUC: 0.81).

CONCLUSION:

Revisions were predicted using a predominance of radiographic parameters while the occurrence of major complications relied on baseline bone health, radiographic, and surgical characteristics.
Carotid Artery Stenting Using the Walrus Balloon Guide Catheter With Flow Reversal for Proximal Embolic Protection: Technical Description and Single-Center Case Series
Authors: Cappuzzo Justin M. , Monteiro Andre , Waqas Muhammad , Baig Ammad A. , Popoola Daniel O. , Almayman Faisal , Khawar Wasiq I. , Farkash Zoe G. , Davies Jason M. , Siddiqui Adnan H. , Levy Elad I. , Snyder Kenneth V.
Published: October 2022

BACKGROUND:

The use of modern transfemoral balloon guide catheters (BGC) for flow reversal during carotid artery stenting is scarcely described in the literature but represents a promising and efficient technique for embolic protection.

OBJECTIVE:

To describe a flow-reversal technique using the Walrus BGC (Q'Apel Medical Inc.) and report our center's experience.

METHODS:

We performed a retrospective analysis of data for consecutive patients aged 18 years or older who underwent elective carotid artery stenting with the use of flow reversal through the Walrus BGC between July 2020 and September 2021. Patient characteristics, procedural details, and clinical follow-up were evaluated.

RESULTS:

One hundred and five patients were included. Mean age was 69.8 ± 9.4 years, and 36 (34.3%) were women. The most common comorbidities were hyperlipidemia (76.2%) and hypertension (57.1%). Fifty-nine (56.2%) patients were symptomatic. Ninety-nine (94.3%) patients had stenosis ≥70%. Contralateral stenosis ≥50% was present in 44 patients (41.9%). Distal filters were used after flow reversal was established in 90 patients (85.7%). Angioplasty was performed in 85 patients (80.9%). Stenting was successful in 100% of cases. No periprocedural transient ischemic attacks (TIAs) or strokes occurred. Stroke occurred in 2 patients (1.9%) during the 30-day follow-up period, resulting in 1 (0.9%) death.

CONCLUSION:

In our experience, this technique was safe, feasible, and efficient, with 100% technical success and no periprocedural thromboembolic complications. More extensive studies are needed to establish the role of proximal protection with flow reversal using modern BGCs.
Modeling mammalian spermatogonial differentiation and meiotic initiationin vitro
Authors: Kirsanov Oleksandr , Johnson Taylor , Malachowski Taylor , Niedenberger Bryan A. , Gilbert Emma A. , Bhowmick Debajit , Ozdinler P. Hande , Gray Douglas A. , Fisher-Wellman Kelsey , Hermann Brian P. , Geyer Christopher B.
Published: October 2022

In mammalian testes, premeiotic spermatogonia respond to retinoic acid by completing an essential lengthy differentiation program before initiating meiosis. The molecular and cellular changes directing these developmental processes remain largely undefined. This wide gap in knowledge is due to two unresolved technical challenges: (1) lack of robust and reliable in vitro models to study differentiation and meiotic initiation; and (2) lack of methods to isolate large and pure populations of male germ cells at each stage of differentiation and at meiotic initiation. Here, we report a facile in vitro differentiation and meiotic initiation system that can be readily manipulated, including the use of chemical agents that cannot be safely administered to live animals. In addition, we present a transgenic mouse model enabling fluorescence-activated cell sorting-based isolation of millions of spermatogonia at specific developmental stages as well as meiotic spermatocytes.
Effect of Running-Induced Fatigue on Tibial Acceleration and the Role of Lower Limb Muscle Strength, Power, and Endurance
Authors: DARCH LACHLAN , CHALMERS SAMUEL , CAUSBY RYAN , ARNOLD JOHN
Published: October 2022

Background

High-impact loads have been linked with running injuries. Fatigue has been proposed to increase impact loads, but this relationship has not been rigorously examined, including the associated role of muscle strength, power, and endurance.

Purpose

This study aimed to investigate the effect of fatigue on impact loading in runners and the role of muscle function in mediating changes in impact loading with fatigue.

Methods

Twenty-eight trained endurance runners performed a fixed-intensity time to exhaustion test at 85% of V̇O2max. Tibial accelerations were measured using leg-mounted inertial measurement units and sampled every minute until volitional exhaustion. Tests of lower limb muscle strength, power, and endurance included maximal isometric strength (soleus, knee extensors, and knee flexors), single leg hop for distance, and the one leg rise test. Changes in peak tibial acceleration (PTA, g) were compared between time points throughout the run (0%, 25%, 50%, 75%, and 100%). Associations between the change in PTA and lower limb muscle function tests were assessed (Spearman’s rho [r
s]).

Results

PTA increased over the duration of the fatiguing run. Compared with baseline (0%) (mean ± SD, 9.1g ± 1.6g), there was a significant increase at 75% (9.9g ± 1.7g, P = 0.001) and 100% (10.1g ± 1.8g, P < 0.001), with no change at 25% (9.6g ± 1.6g, P = 0.142) or 50% (9.7g ± 1.7g, P = 0.053). Relationships between change in PTA and muscle function tests were weak and not statistically significant (r
s = −0.153 to 0.142, all P > 0.05).

Conclusions

Peak axial tibial acceleration increased throughout a fixed-intensity run to exhaustion. The change in PTA was not related to performance in lower limb muscle function tests.
A “Step-Ramp-Step” Protocol to Identify Running Speed and Power Associated with the Maximal Metabolic Steady State
Authors: VAN RASSEL CODY R. , AJAYI OLUWATIMILEHIN O. , SALES KATE M. , AZEVEDO RAFAEL A. , MURIAS JUAN M. , MACINNIS MARTIN J.
Published: October 2022

Purpose

A previously established Step-Ramp-Step (SRS) exercise protocol was able to accurately predict the work rate associated with the maximal metabolic steady state (MMSS) in cyclists. The purpose of this study was to determine whether a modified SRS protocol could predict the running speed and power associated with the MMSS.

Methods

Fifteen (8 male; 7 female) runners (V̇O2max 54.5 [6.5] mL·kg−1·min−1) were recruited for this investigation composed of four to five visits. In the first visit, runners performed a moderate intensity step (MOD), an incremental exercise test, and a heavy intensity step (HVY), on a motorized treadmill. This SRS protocol was used to predict the running speed and power associated with the MMSS (i.e., the SRS-MMSS), where running power was assessed by a wearable device (Stryd) attached to each runner’s shoe. Subsequent visits were used to confirm the maximal lactate steady state (MLSS) as a proxy measure of the MMSS (i.e., the MLSS-MMSS) and to validate the SRS-MMSS speed and power estimates.

Results

The estimated SRS-MMSS running speed (7.2 [0.6] mph) was significantly lower than confirmed running speed at MLSS-MMSS (7.5 [0.8] mph; bias = 3.6%, P = 0.005); however, the estimated SRS-MMSS running power (241 [35] W) was not different than the MLSS-MMSS confirmed running power (240 [37] W; bias = −0.6%; P = 0.435). V̇O2 at SRS-MMSS (3.22 [0.49] L·min−1) was not different than respiratory compensation point (3.26 [0.58] L·min−1; P = 0.430). Similarly, V̇O2 at MLSS-MMSS (3.30 [0.54] L·min−1) was not different than respiratory compensation point (P = 0.438).

Conclusions

The SRS protocol allows MMSS, as measured by MLSS, to be accurately determined using running power (Stryd), but not speed, in a single laboratory visit.
Awareness and intention to register halal certification of micro and small-scale food enterprises
Authors: Oemar Hirawati , Prasetyaningsih Endang , Bakar Siti Zakiah Abu , Djamaludin Djamaludin , Septiani Anis
Published: October 2022

Background: This paper discusses halal awareness of MSE food producers in West Java Province, Indonesia. Halal awareness is the first step toward obtaining halal certificates, which confirm that the product is lawful according to Islamic Sharia. Unfortunately, despite Islam being the religion of most Indonesians,

most food sold in the market lacks a halal certificate due to a lack of awareness among food producers about the importance of selling halal-certified foods.

Methods: This study aims at measuring the level of halal awareness and the intention of MSE food producers to register halal certification. Halal awareness is assumed to be influenced by knowledge of halal and the food producers’ perception of the benefits of halal certificates. Furthermore, halal awareness, attitudes, and perception of ease of procedures will encourage the intention to register halal certification. An electronic Google Form with a cover letter and a set of questionnaires was distributed to collect data. Partial Least Square - Structural Equation Modelling (PLS-SEM) was chosen to evaluate the adopted theoretical models in the exploratory research..

Results: The results show that halal awareness is influenced by knowledge of halal and perception of its benefits. Moreover, halal awareness influences positively the intention to obtain a halal certificate, but the intention is not significantly affected by attitudes to produce halal foods and perception of procedures for obtaining halal certification. This shows that halal awareness will increase the intention to register halal certification. However,  misconceptions about the procedures for obtaining halal certificates keep them from registering.

Conclusions: MSE food producers in West Java Province, Indonesia have a good level of awareness about halal food. However, their products are not halal-certified due to the perception of the procedures for obtaining halal certificates are relatively complicated and costly for them.
Circulating microparticles are increased amongst people presenting with HIV and advanced immune suppression in Malawi and correlate closely with arterial stiffness: a nested case control study
Authors: Kelly Christine , Gurung Rijan , Kamng'ona Raphael , Sheha Irene , Chammudzi Mishek , Jambo Kondwani , Mallewa Jane , Rapala Alicja , Heyderman Rob , Mallon Patrick , Mwandumba Henry , Khoo Saye , Klein Nigel
Published: October 2022

Background: We aim to investigate whether circulating microparticle (CMPs) subsets were raised amongst people presenting with a new diagnosis of HIV and advanced immune suppression in Malawi, and whether they associated with arterial stiffness.

Methods: Microparticle characterisation and carotid femoral Pulse Wave Velocity (cfPWV) were carried out in a cohort of adults with a new HIV diagnosis and CD4 <100 cells/µL at 2 weeks post ART initiation. HIV uninfected controls were matched on age, systolic BP and diastolic BP in a 1:1 ratio.  Circulating microparticles were identified from platelet poor plasma and stained for endothelial, leucocyte, monocyte and platelet markers.

Results: The median (IQ) total CMP count for 71 participants was 1 log higher in HIV compared to those without (p<0.0001) and was associated with arterial stiffness (spearman rho 0.47, p<0.001). In adjusted analysis, every log increase in circulating particles showed a 20% increase in cfPWV (95% CI 4 – 40%, p=0.02).

In terms of subsets, endothelial and platelet derived microparticles were most strongly associated with HIV. Endothelial derived E-selectin+ CMPs were 1.3log-fold higher and platelet derived CD42a+ CMPs were 1.4log-fold higher (both p<0.0001). Endothelial and platelet derived CMPs also correlated most closely with arterial stiffness [spearman rho: E-selectin+ 0.57 and CD42a 0.56, both p<0.0001).

Conclusions: Circulating microparticles associate strongly with arterial stiffness among PLWH in Malawi. Endothelial and platelet microparticles are the predominant cell origin types, indicating that platelet driven endothelial dysfunction pathways warrant further investigation in HIV associated arterial stiffness.
The Influence of Stanisław Wyspiański on Ukrainian Graphics through the Work of Mykhailo Zhuk
Authors: Lagutenko Olga
Published: October 2022

The article considers the problem of the influence of Stanisław Wyspiański’s work, as well as the role of his teaching at the Academy of Fine Arts in Kraków on the development of Ukrainian graphics of the first third of the twentieth century. The issue is covered through an in-depth analysis of the work of Mykhailo Zhuk, a student of S. Wyspiański, who lived and worked in Ukraine, taught at the Ukrainian Academy of Arts and the Odessa Art Institute. Methods of comparative studies and system analysis are used. Such phenomena as symbolism and modern style in the works of these masters are analyzed. The influences of monumental painting, theatrical-decorative art on the plastic language of graphics are emphasized. It is proved that S. Wyspiański studies and his fascination with the ideas of symbolism and decorativism in art found an original embodiment in the work of M. Zhuk, gained further productive realization through the spread of graphics in Ukraine to the general process of art development.
Cold Start to Improve Market Thickness on Online Advertising Platforms: Data-Driven Algorithms and Field Experiments
Authors: Ye Zikun , Zhang Dennis J. , Zhang Heng , Zhang Renyu , Chen Xin , Xu Zhiwei
Published: October 2022

Cold start describes a commonly recognized challenge for online advertising platforms: with limited data, the machine learning system cannot accurately estimate the click-through rates (CTR) of new ads and, in turn, cannot efficiently price these new ads or match them with platform users. Traditional cold start algorithms often focus on improving the learning rates of CTR for new ads to improve short-term revenue, but unsuccessful cold start can prompt advertisers to leave the platform, decreasing the thickness of the ad marketplace. To address these issues, we build a data-driven optimization model that captures the essential trade-off between short-term revenue and long-term market thickness on the platform. Based on duality theory and bandit algorithms, we develop the shadow bidding with learning (SBL) algorithms with a provable regret upper bound of [Formula: see text], where K is the number of ads and d captures the error magnitude of the underlying machine learning oracle for predicting CTR. Our proposed algorithms can be implemented in a real online advertising system with minimal adjustments. To demonstrate this practicality, we have collaborated with a large-scale video-sharing platform, conducting a novel, two-sided randomized field experiment to examine the effectiveness of our SBL algorithm. Our results show that the algorithm increased the cold start success rate by 61.62% while compromising short-term revenue by only 0.717%. Our algorithm has also boosted the platform’s overall market thickness by 3.13% and its long-term advertising revenue by (at least) 5.35%. Our study bridges the gap between the theory of bandit algorithms and the practice of cold start in online advertising, highlighting the value of well-designed cold start algorithms for online advertising platforms.

This paper was accepted by Gabriel Weintraub, revenue management and market analytics.

Supplemental Material: Data and the online appendices are available at https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2022.4550 .
Las Tecnologías de la Información y la Comunicación
Authors: Calvo Ángel
Published: October 2022

Las Tecnologías de la Información y la Comunicación comprenden los adelantos tecnológicos consistentes en la combinación de procesos, instrumentos y redes. Con una amplia mayoría, las grandes instituciones internacionales y los especialistas las consideran la espina dorsal de la economía, la sociedad y la vida cotidiana de las personas en el mundo actual. Sin embargo, la difusión concreta y la utilización de esas tecnologías han provocado la aparición de brechas notables, sean de tipo socioeconómico, geográfico o de género. El debate internacional se centra hoy en las vías de fomentar el uso productivo e inclusivo de las mismas, consideradas una tecnología de uso general.
Phase-only hologram video compression using a deep neural network for up-scaling and restoration
Authors: Kim Woosuk , Kim Jin-Kyum , Park Byung-Seo , Oh Kwan-Jung , Seo Young-Ho
Published: October 2022

This paper proposes a coding
method for compressing a phase-only hologram video (PoHV), which can
be directly displayed in a commercial phase-only spatial light
modulator. Recently, there has been active research to use a standard
codec as an anchor to develop a new video coding for 3D data such as
MPEG point cloud compression.
The main merit of this approach is that if a new video codec is
developed, the performance of relative coding methods can be increased
simultaneously. Furthermore, compatibility is increased by the
capability to use various anchor codecs, and the developing time is
decreased. This paper uses a currently used video codec as an anchor
codec and develops a coding method including progressive scaling and a
deep neural network to overcome low temporal correlation between
frames of a PoHV. Since it is difficult to temporally predict a
correlation between frames of a PoHV, this paper adopts a scaling
function and a neural network in the encoding and decoding process,
not adding complexity to an anchor itself to predict temporal
correlation. The proposed coding method shows an enhanced coding gain
of an average of 22%, compared with an anchor in all coding
conditions. When observing numerical and optical reconstructions, the
result images by the proposed show clearer objects and less juddering
than the result by the anchor.
Analysis of the influence of the spectral response for a rugate filter by modifying the frequency domain
Authors: Villa-Flores Emmanuel , Machorro Mejía Roberto
Published: October 2022

Since the application of Fourier transform theory for synthetizing rugate filters, it was demonstrated to be a powerful mathematical method for achieving general spectral responses. This synthesis method establishes a relationship of a function of transmittance, denoted as “Q,” with its corresponding refractive index profile via Fourier transform. The real space (transmittance versus wavelength) relates to the frequency space (refractive index versus film thickness). This work analyzes how spatial frequencies (rugate index profile optical thickness) contribute to achieve a better spectral response and considers enlargement of the rugate profile's optical thickness in extending reproduction of the expected spectral response. In combination, the stored wave inverse Fourier transform refinement method was used to obtain a reduction in the lower and upper refractive indices. We illustrate with three examples and results.
Effect of hologram plane position on particle tracking using digital holographic microscopy
Authors: Elius Md , Ling Hangjian
Published: October 2022

This paper discusses the effect of hologram plane position on the
tracking of particle motions in a 3D suspension using digital
holography microscopy. We compare two optical configurations where the
hologram plane is located either just outside the particle suspension
or in the middle of the suspension. In both cases, we record two
axially separated holograms using two cameras and subsequently adopt
an iterative phase retrieval approach to solve the virtual image
problem. We measure the settling motions of 2 µm spheres in a
2 mm thick sample containing 300 to

1500

p
a
r
t
i
c
l
e
s

/

m
m

3

. We show that the optical setup where
the hologram plane is located in the middle of the sample provides
superior tracking results compared to the other, including higher
accuracy in the measurement of particle displacement and longer
particle trajectories. The accuracy of particle displacement increases
by a maximum of 18%, and the trajectory length increases by a maximum
of 16%. This superior outcome is due to the less overlapping of the
diffraction patterns on the holograms when the separation distance
between particles and the hologram plane is minimized.
Study on processing synthetic aperture radar data based on an optical 4f system for fast imaging
Authors: Wang Duo , Zhang Yufeng , Yang Chenguang , Wang Kaizhi
Published: October 2022

Due to the huge amount of collected echo data caused by the working principle of synthetic aperture radar (SAR), the use of digital processing relies heavily on the performance of digital chips. Because of the limitation of Moore’s law, the technology of digital signal processing exposes the limitation of computing speed and power consumption in the face of SAR processing. Against this background, the optical processing method based on the optical 4f system is introduced into SAR imaging. A spatial light modulator (SLM) is placed on the input surface and spectrum surface of the 4f system to load the echo data of the SAR and the matched filter function of the SAR. Using optical Fourier transform to realize the core calculation of SAR data processing can solve the difficulty of processing time-consuming due to the large amount of calculation. In the process of Fourier transform, instead of using a solid glass lens, we use a phase-type Fresnel lens diagram in the SLM to realize the function of Fourier, which avoids the need for special design of Fourier lens. It also greatly reduces the volume and weight of the whole machine, which provides a reference method for real-time imaging of spaceborne SAR.
Active aerosols
Authors: Rohde Charles A. , Charipar Kristin M. , Johns Paul , Porter Ashlin G. , Greybush Nicholas J. , Fontana Jake
Published: October 2022

We report the dynamics and control of the orientational and positional order of ensembles of gold nanorods suspended in air at standard temperature and pressure using externally applied electric fields, demonstrating an active aerosol. Light filter, valve and gradient responses are shown, establishing active aerosols as a unique type of optical element we term component-less optics.
Tri-zone flame spatial structure imaging combined with endogenic polarized scattering
Authors: Huang Liyuan , Liu Biwang , Lin Zhekai , Zhong Junping , Han Dingan , Ding Wenzheng , Zeng Yaguang
Published: October 2022

We propose a multi-mode optical imaging method to retrieve the 2D and 3D spatial structures of the preheating, reaction, and recombination zones of an axisymmetric steady flame. In the proposed method, an infrared camera, a visible light monochromatic camera, and a polarization camera are triggered synchronously to capture 2D flame images, and their corresponding 3D images are reconstructed by combining different projection position images. The results of the experiments conducted indicate that the infrared and visible light images represent the flame preheating and flame reaction zones, respectively. The polarized image can be obtained by computing the degree of linear polarization (DOLP) of raw images captured by the polarization camera. We discover that the highlighted regions in the DOLP images lie outside the infrared and visible light zones; they are insensitive to the flame reaction and have different spatial structures for different fuels. We deduce that the combustion product particles cause endogenic polarized scattering, and that the DOLP images represent the flame recombination zone. This study focuses on the combustion mechanisms, such as the formation of combustion products and quantitative flame composition and structure.
Ultra-sensitive luminescence ratiometric thermometry from 2E→4A2 transitions of AlTaO4:Cr3+
Authors: Wei Guohui , Wang Zhijun , Li Rui , Wang Ye , Li Leipeng , Li Jiehong , Shi Yawei , He Shaoxuan , Yang Yuanbo , Suo Hao , Li Panlai
Published: October 2022

In recent years, non-contact ratiometric luminescence thermometry has continued to gain popularity among researchers, owing to its compelling features, such as high accuracy, fast response, and convenience. The development of novel optical thermometry with ultrahigh relative sensitivity (Sr) and temperature resolution has become a frontier topic. In this work, we present a novel, to the best of our knowldege, luminescence intensity ratio (LIR) thermometry method that relies on AlTaO4:Cr3+ materials, based on the fact that they possess both anti-Stokes phonon sideband emission and R-line emission at the 2E→4A2 transitions and have been confirmed to follow the Boltzmann distribution. In the temperature range 40–250 K, the emission band of the anti-Stokes phonon sideband shows an upward trend, while the bands of the R-lines show the opposite downward trend. Relying on this fascinating feature, the newly proposed LIR thermometry achieves a maximum relative sensitivity of 8.45%K−1 and a temperature resolution of 0.038 K. Our work is expected to provide guiding insights for optimizing the sensitivity of Cr3+-based LIR thermometers and provide some novel entry points for designing excellent and reliable optical thermometers.
High precision reconstruction for compressed femtosecond dynamics images based on the TVAL3 algorithm
Authors: Yin Fei , Meng Yizhao , Yang Qing , Kai Lin , Liu Yi , Hou Xun , Lu Yu , Chen Feng
Published: October 2022

Compressed sensing (CS) has been successfully demonstrated to reconstruct ultrafast dynamic scenes in ultrafast imaging techniques with large sequence depth. Since compressed ultrafast imaging used a two-step iterative shrinkage/thresholding (TwIST) algorithm in previous image reconstruction, some details of the object will not be recovered when the amount of data compression is large. Here we applied a more efficient Total Variation (TV) minimization scheme based on augmented Lagrangian and alternating direction algorithms (TVAL3) to reconstruct the ultrafast process. In order to verify the effectiveness of the TVAL3 algorithm, we experimentally compare the reconstruction quality of TVAL3 algorithm and TwIST algorithm in an ultrafast imaging system based on compressed-sensing and spectral-temporal coupling active detection with highest frame rate of 4.37 trillion Hz. Both dynamic and static experimental results show that, TVAL3 algorithm can not only reconstruct a rapidly moving light pulse with a more precise profile and more fitted trajectory, but also improve the quality of static objects and the speed of reconstruction. This work will advance the ultrafast imaging techniques based on compressed sensing in terms of image reconstruction quality and reconstruction speed, which finally helps promoting the application of these techniques in areas where high spatial precision is required, such as phase transitions and laser filamentation in nonlinear solids, etc.