bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Research study on seed physical property of Mongolian wheat varieties
Authors: Ganzorig Khishigjargal , Yadamsuren Myagmarsuren , Tserendorj Nyamdorj
Published: November 2022

Wheat is the main vital cereal crop in Mongolia (Triticum spp.) The size of the seed is one important feature of seed quality. It is directly related to plant growth, seed yield, market factor and harvest efficiency [1]. Equally important are the size and shape of the seed. The seed in the middle of spike ripens fast, after which the upper and lower parts ripen. Even though seeds in the lower part of the spike fill up at the same time as in the middle section of the spike, the seed ripens later. Seeds in the middle part of the spike have good filling and are bigger in size too. Moreover, they are good plantlets. A two year study was conducted in 2019-2020 to determine the effect of seed size on the yield  potential of six wheat varieties, including such early maturing varieties (Darkhan-160, Darkhan-131), medium maturing varieties (Darkhan-34, Darkhan-212) and late maturing (Darkhan-144, Darkhan 181) varieties. Seed samples of 6 varieties were separated in to four groups of seed diameter size, 2.0-2.2 mm, 2.2-2.4 mm, 2.4-2.6 mm, and 2.6-2.8 mm respectively. The seedling density was 350 seeds/m2. The field trial was performed in a completely randomized block design with 3 replications. The 1000 kernel weight in spike parts in tillage stems of varieties, grain yield and seed fraction of the yield were determined by using Grain Scan software.

The best qualified seeds were placed at the medium part of the spike. The 1000 kernel weight of the medium part of Darkhan-181, Darkhan-131, and Darkhan-34 varieties reached 40-43 g and Darkhan-144 variety had the highest 1000 kernel weight (40-47 g). The portions of different seed sizes in yield was significant among the varieties planted. The varieties with longer vegetation period result higher portion of larger seeds in yield as compared to varieties with short vegetation period. The portion of large (>2.4mm) seeds in yield increased from 41.6-46.85% to 72.9-76.8% in different maturity varieties (from early to late medium). Grain yield of plots was increased with uniform large seeds in both years. The use of largest seeds resulted in a more competitive cropping system, improving grain yields by 16.9%. The yield decreased by 4.9% by planting seeds (2.0-2.2 mm) smaller than the control fraction (2.2-2.4 mm). The use of uniform large seeds increased both seedling emergence and grain yield. Results demonstrate that medium and mid-large uniform seeds (>2.2mm and >2.4mm) in accordance with the seed properties of the variety were useful in wheat seed production
O planejamento urbano de uma cidade justa: democracia, diversidade e equidade como critérios de justiça social no direito coletivo à cidade
Authors: Vieira Bruno Soeiro , Lima Larissa Coelho
Published: November 2022

Considerando o contexto jurídico e sociológico do direito à cidade e das políticas urbanas, este artigo tem como objetivo geral analisar a vinculação do direito à cidade à promoção de valores morais da sociedade, analisando-se o seu conteúdo axiológico, o qual afasta a possibilidade de ser entendido como um direito dotado exclusivamente de conteúdo técnico ou instrumental, observando a positivação desses princípios no ordenamento jurídico brasileiro, tanto nos dispositivos constitucionais referentes à Política Nacional do Desenvolvimento Urbano e ao Estatuto da Cidade. Como metodologia foi necessário realizar uma revisão de bibliografia, através do método hipotético-dedutivo com a finalidade de confirmar ou não a seguinte hipótese: o paradigma de planejamento urbano de uma cidade justa e sua relação com a democracia, a diversidade e a equidade, como formas de produzir um ordenamento urbano que promova a dignidade humana e, portanto, qualidade de vida.
PENGETAHUAN DAN SIKAP REMAJA TENTANG DAMPAK PENGGUNAAN LEM EHA-BOND DI KABUPATEN HALMAHERA UTARA
Authors: Moreng Sidobo Miavira , Asih Blandina Olivia , Nur Fitria Pipit
Published: November 2022

Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui pengetahuan dan sikap remaja tentang dampak penggunaan lem eha-bond di Halmahera Utara. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian deskriptif, dengan jumlah sampel sebanyak 396 remaja memenuhi kriteria inklusi. Teknik pengambilan sampel menggunakan teknik Puposive Sampling Pengambilan data dilakukan dengan menggunakan kuesioner untuk mengetaui pengetahuan dan sikap responden terhadap dampak lem eha-bond. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa dari 396 responden sebanyak 53,5% berjenis kelamin laki-laki dan 46,5% berjenis kelamin perempuan, serta sebagian besar berada pada usia 19-21 tahun. Berdasarkan pengetahuan didapatkan responden yang berpengetahuan baik sebanyak 309 responden (78,0%) dan berpengetahuan kurang baik sebanyak 87 responden (22,0%). Sedangkan berdasarkan sikap didapatkan responden yang memiliki sikap baik sebanyak 327 responden (82,6%) dan yang memiliki sikap buruk sebanyak 69 responden (14,2%). Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa sebagian besar responden sudah memiliki pengetahuan baik dan telah mampu bersikap baik dengan menghindari penggunaan lem eha-bond.
ANALISIS SELF MANAGEMENT TERHADAP KUALITAS HIDUP PADA PASIEN PASCA STROKE DI DESA GAMSUNGI KECAMATAN TOBELO
Authors: I. Lainata Oksiana , Asih Blandina Olivia , Nur Fitria Pipit
Published: November 2022

Pasien pasca stroke akan cenderung bergantung pada anggota keluarga karena gangguan fisik yang dialami,sehingga perlu adanya self management untuk meningkatkan kualitas hidup. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui self management terhadap kualitas hidup pada pasien pasca stroke di Kecamatan Tobelo. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah kualitatif dengan model pendekatan studi kasus. Responden dalam penelitian ini ditentukan dengan teknik purposive sampling yaitu pasien pasca stroke dengan kriteria usia dewasa akhir dan lansia awal. Teknik pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan wawancara mendalam. Berdasarkan  hasil penelitian yang dilakukan adanya  self management yang berbeda, dimana responden 1 mengalami self management yang baik mendapat dukungan dari keluarga terkait terapi yang dilakukan sehingga berdampak pada kualitas hidupnya yang mampu melakukan aktivitas secara mandiri, sedangkan responden 2 mengalami self management yang kurang baik dimana kurang adanya dukungan dari keluarga terkait terapi hal ini tentu berdampak pada kualitas hidupnya dimana semua aktivitas dibantu oleh anggota keluarga.
Rola dydaktyki w kształtowaniu kreatywności studentów architektury
Authors: Poznański Janusz
Published: November 2022

Przedmiotem artykułu jest proces edukacji architektonicznej rozpatrywany w kontekście jego wpływu na kształtowanie kreatywności studentów i absolwentów wydziałów architektury. Prowadzone rozważania wynikają z wieloletnich doświadczeń dydaktycznych autora – nauczyciela akademickiego Wydziału Architektury Politechniki Śląskiej – dydaktyka i praktyka. Celem artykułu jest ukazanie związków pomiędzy metodyką nauczania projektowania architektonicznego, osiąganiem sukcesów w dydaktyce
a osobowością nauczyciela akademickiego w relacji mistrz – uczeń.
Wielorodzinne budynki mieszkalne w osiedlach robotniczych Górnego Śląska – przykładowa diagnostyka termiczno-wilgotnościowa
Authors: Krause-Świerczyńska Magdalena
Published: November 2022

W artykule przedstawiono
wybrane problemy diagnostyki termiczno-
-wilgotnościowej fasad wielorodzinnych
budynków mieszkalnych – familoków. Dla
kilku przykładowo wybranych budynków
dokonano oceny stanu ochrony cieplnej,
wykorzystując pomiary termowizyjne oraz
pomiary zawilgocenia ścian zewnętrznych.
Badania takie są bardzo pomocne przy
podejmowaniu działań remontowych w tym
ograniczających zużycie ciepła, a ich analiza
powinna być wskazówką dla odpowiednich
rozwiązań projektowych z uwzględnieniem
prowadzenia prac konserwatorskich.
CHALLENGES OF THE LOCAL GOVERNMENT UNIT IN THE FIELD OF EDUCATIONAL POLICY ON THE EXAMPLE OF THE LUBLIN MUNICIPALITY
Authors: Kaczmarczyk Michał
Published: November 2022

Article
CHALLENGING BEHAVIOUR DIAGNOSIS OF PERSONS WITH INTELLECTUAL DISABILITY AND AUTISM
Authors: Gluźniewicz Jadwiga , Łukasiewicz Iwona
Published: November 2022

The article discusses the topic of challenging behaviours (also called difficult behaviours) which are not caused by situations, but they are simply symptoms of mental development disorders typical of severe and profound intellectual disability and autism spectrum. The first part explains terms which are important to understand the topic and includes description of two levels of intellectual disability and autism spectrum. Other parts present descriptions of challenging behaviours and study models: behaviourism and non averseness and educational attitude towards challenging behaviuors.
Relación entre la obesidad infantil y el tiempo de exposición a pantallas electrónicas
Authors: Urbano Arcos Julyeth Fernanda , Beltrán Gómez Estefanía
Published: November 2022

Introducción: La obesidad infantil es un problema de salud pública del siglo XXI; Se quiere determinar la relación entre el exceso de peso en escolares y el tiempo de exposición a pantallas y actividad física.

Sujetos y Métodos: Estudio transversal, con análisis de tipo casos y controles realizado en Cali, Colombia en 2018. Se obtuvo autorización de comité de ética. La muestra fue por conveniencia; se recolectaron datos demográficos y antropométricos para clasificar el estado nutricional de la muestra según las tablas de Organización Mundial de Salud, y dividiendo al grupo en casos y controles. Para la estimación del tiempo de exposición a pantallas electrónicas y sedentarismo se aplicó encuesta. El análisis de resultados se realizó con el programa SPSS 18®, teniendo significancia estadística con p < 0,05.

Resultados: en la muestra encontrada de 103 niños, la prevalencia de exceso de peso fue del 48%; el sexo predominante fue el femenino. Las encuestas arrojaron mayor número de horas de exposición a pantallas en obesos, con un promedio de 2,5 h/día. La asociación entre el exceso de peso y exposición a pantallas mayor a 2 h/día tuvo OR de 230 (IC: 42,5 – 1245), siendo factor de riesgo. La realización de ejercicio fue factor protector con OR de 0,009 (IC: 0,002 - 0,03).

Conclusiones: El tiempo de exposición a pantallas electrónicas se podría considerar un factor de riesgo para obesidad infantil y la actividad física como un factor protector.
La pandemia de covid-19 en Colombia: una visión desde la salud pública
Authors: Vargas-Uricoechea Hernando , Vargas Sierra Hernando David
Published: November 2022

La pandemia por el virus SARS-CoV-2 y la enfermedad que produce (COVID-19) afecta virtualmente a todos los países del mundo; el número de individuos afectados se incrementa y cambia constantemente; la población con mayor riesgo son los individuos ≥70 años con comorbilidades de base como diabetes mellitus, hipertensión arterial, EPOC, obesidad, entre otras. El 17 de marzo de 2020 se declaró en Colombia el “estado de emergencia económica y social”, y quedó consignado que el país se debía preparar para afrontar cerca de 4 millones de contagios por SARS-CoV-2. Al 25 de agosto de 2020, más de 500.000 casos confirmados y alrededor de 20.000 muertes, hacen parte del espectro de la distribución de la pandemia en nuestro país, una realidad que denota una menor tasa de letalidad y de mortalidad respecto a otros países. Algunos factores que pueden explicar lo anterior son el cierre de escuelas y universidades, el cese de algunas actividades de trabajo presencial, la ausencia de viajes nacionales e internacionales y el autoaislamiento para personas mayores de 70 años, entre otros. Esta revisión describe los aspectos básicos en términos de la salud pública que deben tenerse en cuenta en la pandemia por COVID-19.
Research and analysis of sustainability of jute and cotton blends fabrics
Authors: Neaz Morshed  , Zakaria Ahmed  , Ashraful Alam  , Taslima Rahman  , Pulak Talukder  , Mehedi Zahan Pulok
Published: November 2022

The study emphasis on development of jute-cotton blended products and its sustainability. The jute cotton blends products not only reduces the excessive demand of cotton but also jute cotton blends products are eco-friendly which helps to reduce dependency of synthetic products that’s are harmful for environment. In this study jute cotton blended yarn is collected from jute product diversified center from BJRI then jute cotton blended yarn is transferred to weaving and knitting department to turn this yarn to woven and knit jute cotton blend fabrics. After that different physical property was measured to analysis the sustainability of these jute cotton blended products. It’s identified that jute cotton blend fabric has great impact to replace the excessive demand of cotton and the products quality of jute cotton blend fabrics is so good to make impact on market.
Reflexiones sobre la transposición de la Directiva de Servicios en la Comunidad Autónoma de Galicia, en la apertura de establecimientos comerciales
Authors: Pérez González Carlos
Published: November 2022

El artículo pretende analizar la discutida transposición en la Comunidad Autónoma de Galicia de la Directiva 2006/123/CE (DS), a través de la Ley nº 7/2009, de 22 de diciembre, de modificación de la Ley nº 10/1988, de 20 de julio, de ordenación del comercio interior de Galicia, cuyo art. 6º exige para la apertura de cualquier establecimiento “comercial” licencia de apertura o actividad, con independencia de sus dimensiones, características, producto y/o carácter “inocuo” de la actividad comercial, situación que no ha sido enmendada por la reciente Ley 1/2010, de 11 de febrero, ómnibus de Galicia; contraviniendo el carácter excepcional de la “autorización previa”, determinado por la citada DS y por la legislación básica estatal de transposición (Leyes nº 17 y 25/2009).

Realiza, asimismo, un breve estudio comparado sobre la normativa de transposición por parte de las diversas Comunidades Autónomas, efectuando una mayor referencia a Cataluña, al haber dictado distintas medidas “liberalizadoras” en la apertura de establecimientos comerciales.
Bases Teóricas y Manifestaciones de los Nuevos Enfoques de Sostenibilidad Agrícola
Authors: Mellado Ruiz Lorenzo
Published: November 2022

En el marco de los objetivos y principios establecidos a nivel comunitario, la consecución de un «desarrollo agrario sostenible» a nivel interno impone cambios importantes en los sistemas de ordenación de las actividades agropecuarias. El carácter multifuncional de la agricultura, y sus evidentes interacciones con los postulados del principio de sostenibilidad, imponen una nueva regulación integrada superadora de los enfoques sectoriales y parciales existentes hasta ahora. El artículo analiza las bases teóricas de dicha imbricación y sistematiza las fórmulas normativas actuales tanto de condicionalización ambiental directa de la agricultura como de aplicación del principio de sostenibilidad económica a las actividades de producción agrícola.
Perancangan Pusat Kecantikan dan Kebugaran Wanita di Semarang
Authors: Ema Hidayati  , Sumarwanto  , Djoko Darmawan
Published: November 2022

Tingkat kesibukan yang tinggi dan problematika kehidupan sehari-hari membuat wanita menjadi merasa tertekan yang berujung menjadi stress. Keadaan yang seperti itu yang membuat mereka perlu melakukan kegiatan yang dapat membuat santai, segar dan siap untuk kembali melakukan kegiatan sehari-hari. Hal yang umumnya dilakukan antara lain beristirahat, berolahraga, mencari hiburan seperti berkumpul dengan teman-teman terdekat, dan melakukan perawatan diri, sehingga hasil akhirnya mereka menjadi prima, cantik, dan bugar serta siap kembali pada kesibukan aktifitasnya sehari-hari. Perancangan Pusat Kecantikan dan Kebugaran Wanita di Semarang yang dapat mewadahi kebutuhan sebagai gaya hidup wanita zaman modern menyediakan pelayanan berupa perawatan tubuh, kecantikan dan kebugaran untuk mendapatkan kesehatan yang menyeluruh bagi tubuh, pikiran, dan jiwa dengan memperhatikan tingkat privasi yang tinggi. Konsep arsitektur yang dipergunakan Perancangan Pusat Kecantikan dan Kebugaran Wanita adalah bangunan yang direncanakan menggunakan konsep arsitektur modern dengan menampilkan bentuk bangunan yang sederhana sesuai dengan fungsi bangunan Pusat Kecantikan dan Kebugaran Wanita. Pengaplikasiannya dilakukan secara zoning, denah, sirkulasi, maupun fasad. Diharapkan rancangan ini berguna dan memberikan inspirasi bagi pembaca.
Multiscale Convolutional Neural Network of Raman Spectra of Human Serum for Hepatitis B Disease Diagnosis
Authors: Chen Junlong , Yu Long , Tian Shengwei , Lv Xiaoyi , Zhang Zhaoxia
Published: November 2022

In this study, we proposed a multiscale convolutional neural network (MsCNN) that can screen the Raman spectra of the hepatitis B (HB) serum rapidly without baseline correction. First, the Raman spectra were measured in the serums of 435 patients diagnosed with a HB virus (HBV) infection and 499 patients with non-HBV infections. The analysis showed that the Raman spectra of the serums were significantly different in the range of 400–3000 cm-1 between HB patients and non-HB patients. Then, the MsCNN model was used to extract the non-linear features from coarse to fine in the Raman spectrum. Finally, extracted fine-grained features were placed into the fully connected layer for classification. The results demonstrated that the accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity of the MsCNN model are 97.86%, 98.94%, and 96.79%, respectively, without baseline correction. Compared to the traditional machine learning method, the model achieved the highest classification accuracy on the HB data set. Therefore, multiscale convolutional neural network provides an effective technical means for Raman spectroscopy of the HBV serum.
Trans*identidades, trabajo y ciudadanía en Campeche, México
Authors: Estrada Carmona Sinuhé , Pérez Aranda Gabriela Isabel
Published: November 2022

El objetivo del estudio fue analizar las experiencias del ejercicio del derecho a la identidad y expresión de género de personas trans* en el contexto laboral en el Estado de Campeche, México. A partir del paradigma cualitativo, con enfoque narrativo, adscrito a la epistemología transfeminista se acordó junto con lxs participantes realizar entrevistas semiestructuradas, así como la técnica de fotobiografía dirigida de 8 personas que se autonombraron con alguna identidad trans. Se realizó un análisis de co-ocurrencia; identificando, entre otras cosas, que las dificultades y oportunidades para el ejercicio del derecho a la identidad y a la expresión de género se reproducen principalmente en contextos laborales, lo que contribuye a escenarios de inclusión/exclusión social a lo largo de la vida. Por otra parte, la inclusión y la pertenencia siguen siendo un desafío del ámbito laboral, legal, económico y político. El sistema legal binario de ciudadanía a partir del cual se asigna el sexo al nacer está siendo rebasado dadas las trans*identidades emergentes.
First Molecular Evidence for Bat Betacoronavirus in Mindanao
Authors: Tampon Nikki Vanesa , Rabaya Ysabela Marie , Malbog Kameela Monique , Burgos Sammer , Bacus Michael , Libre Kemuel , Valila Agape Shelley , Achondo Marion John Michael , Siarot Onggo Lowela , E. Murao Lyre Anni
Published: November 2022

Coronaviruses (CoVs) are common agents of respiratory and gastrointestinal tract infections but are also considered as important emerging infectious disease (EID) agents that have led to global epidemics of severe respiratory disease. Human CoV EIDs have been proposed to have originated from bat CoVs (BtCoV). This study reports the detection of CoV in bats from the University of the Philippines (UP) Mindanao, Davao City using an optimized reverse transcription nested polymerase chain reaction (RT-nPCR) for bat CoV RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) gene. Out of 49 bats, only one was positive for the virus (2.04% detection rate). Phylogenetic analysis demonstrated the genetic relatedness of the CoV, which was detected in the fruit bat Macroglossus minimus, to other bat and mammalian CoVs of betacoronavirus under sub-group 2d. The CoV also exhibited 94.55% identity and close genetic relationship with BtCoV 2265/Philippines/2010 from Luzon, Philippines, suggesting a common lineage of these viruses that may have pre-existed prior to biogeographic movements of bats in the country. This is the first reported detection of CoV in bats from Mindanao, hence further surveillance of circulating viruses in wildlife is recommended to expand the understanding of BtCoV evolution and potential for zoonosis. These findings also emphasize the need to limit potential zoonotic transmissions through bat-animal or human interactions by preserving natural habitats.
Estimating Residential Water Demand in a Relocation Area with Inadequate Piped Water System
Authors: Palanca-Tan Rosalina
Published: November 2022

This paper assesses household water demand and estimates a demand equation particularly for low-income households in the Philippines. The study uses survey data on the value and volume of household water purchases from different water providers in a government resettlement area. The paper provides empirical evidence on the impact of average water price on household water consumption, as well as the effects of household income and size on household water consumption. The study finds that households buying water from jetmatic pump wells and water tankers pay more than five times that of those served by the piped water system. This much higher cost of water from non-Water District sources could have constrained their water consumption to just about half that of the Water District customers. The estimated water demand equation reveals that demand for water significantly decreases with the average price of water but is only weakly responsive to price changes, with a price elasticity of –0.38. It is also found that water demand is not significantly affected by household income implying that it is not the households’ low income but the unavailability of efficient water providers that constrains consumption to a bare minimum. These findings confirm the high vulnerability of low-income households to inadequate and inefficient water providers, necessitating more prudent programming of the resettlement areas’ water supply system.
Exploring Differences and Correlation Between Thermal-optical Transmittance Elemental Carbon (EC) and Reflectometer Black Carbon (BC) from an Urban and a Rural Site in the Philippines
Authors: Valdez Jeff Darren , Bautista Angel , Pabroa Preciosa Corazon , Racho Joseph Michael , Jimenez Gloria , Santos Flora
Published: November 2022

The Philippines has among the highest black carbon (BC) and elemental carbon (EC) concentrations in atmospheric particulate matter in Asia. Despite numerous studies, there is no single, generally accepted measure or method of analysis for this group of atmospheric particulates. Given the high concentrations of BC and EC in the country, the Philippines offers an interesting case to study BC and EC. To gain a better understanding of the similarities and differences of these quantities, BC and EC in an urban (Valenzuela City) and a rural site (Angat, Bulacan) were compared from September 2011 to August 2012. BC was measured using reflectometry, while EC was measured using the thermal-optical (TO) transmittance analysis. Mean concentrations of EC and BC were 5.54 ± 2.1 μg/cm3 and 6.54 ± 2.5 μg/cm3 in Valenzuela City and 1.82 ± 0.7 μg/cm3 and 1.28 ± 0.7 μg/cm3 in Angat, Bulacan. Cluster analysis showed that in both urban and rural sites, EC1 had the highest correlation to BC among the three EC fractions. Additionally, EC2 and EC3 were poorly correlated with BC but were highly correlated with each other. Similarly, conditional probability function (CPF) analysis revealed that BC and EC1 originated from nearly the same directions, while EC2 and EC3 do not. These results suggest that BC and EC1 are more related to each other than EC2 and EC3, providing insights into the similarities and differences between BC and EC. To maximize the comparability of BC and EC, optimal values of ε – used in reflectometry – were determined for the urban and rural sites. Valenzuela and Angat had optimal ε values of 6.31 m2g–1 and 1.89x 10–9m2g–1, respectively. The optimal ε value in Valenzuela is close to the generally used ε value, 7.0 m2g–1, while the optimal ε value in Angat is arguably too small and needs further assessment.
Genetic Characterization of Philippine Saba Germplasm Collection Using Microsatellite Markers
Authors: dela Cruz Fides Marie , Laude Rita , Sandoval Carlo Miguel , Gueco Lavernee , Huelgas Visitacion , Garcia Roberta , Mendoza Evelyn Mae
Published: November 2022

The genetic diversity among 75 Philippine Saba gene bank collections and four non-Saba accessions were analyzed using microsatellite markers or simple sequence repeats (SSRs). Eleven primer pairs were found to be polymorphic across all genotypes and amplified a total of 28 alleles. The discriminatory power of the primers was moderately high with mean polymorphism information content (PIC) value of 0.38. Genetic diversity was measured in terms of heterozygosity, fixation index, and genetic distance. Average gene diversity or expected heterozygosities ranged from 0.09–0.58, with an average of 0.48. Observed heterozygosities ranged from 0.09–0.95, with a mean of 0.80. Fixation indices (mean = –0.61) were negative, which suggests an excess of heterozygotes and shows that diversity has been maintained within the gene bank collection. Cluster analysis revealed that the greatest genetic distance (GD = 0.69) was observed between Lakatan (AAA) and Cardaba 6 (ABB/BBB) bananas. Therefore, the SSR markers used were able to separate the Saba cultivars from the non-Saba cultivars. Furthermore, the markers were able to separate the seedy diploid cultivar Pacol from the rest of the triploid Saba cultivars. Future studies can survey other potential SSRs for better discrimination among Saba samples.
Approximation and Computational Complexity of Some Hammock Variations of the Poset Cover Problem
Authors: Ordanel Ivy , Fernandez Proceso , Juayong Richelle Ann , Adorna Henry
Published: November 2022

The Hammock(⏟𝟐𝟐, 𝟐𝟐 , … , 𝟐𝟐 𝒌𝒌 )-Poset Cover Problem is a variation of the Poset Cover Problem with the same input – set {𝑳𝑳𝟏𝟏, 𝑳𝑳𝟐𝟐, … , 𝑳𝑳𝒎𝒎} of linear orders over the set {𝟏𝟏, 𝟐𝟐, … ,𝒏𝒏}, but the solution is restricted to a set of simple hammock(𝟐𝟐⏟, 𝟐𝟐 , … , 𝟐𝟐 𝒌𝒌 ) posets. The problem is NP-Hard when 𝒌𝒌 ≥ 𝟑𝟑 but is in 𝑷𝑷 when 𝒌𝒌 = 𝟏𝟏. The computational complexity of the problem when 𝒌𝒌 = 𝟐𝟐 is not yet known. In this paper, we determine the approximation complexity of the cases that have been shown to be NP-Hard. We show that the Hammock(𝟐𝟐⏟, 𝟐𝟐 , … , 𝟐𝟐 𝒌𝒌 )-Poset Cover Problem is in 𝑨𝑨𝑨𝑨𝑨𝑨 and, in particular, (𝟏𝟏 + 𝟏𝟏 𝟐𝟐𝒌𝒌 )-approximable, for 𝒌𝒌 ≥ 𝟑𝟑. On the other hand, we also explore the computational complexity for the case where 𝒌𝒌 = 𝟐𝟐 [Hammock(2,2)-Poset Cover Problem]. We show that it is in 𝑷𝑷 when the transposition graph of the input set of linear orders is rectangular.
DNA Barcoding and Diversity Analysis of 19 Economically Important Philippine Sea Cucumbers (Holothuroidea)
Authors: Alcudia-Catalma Ma. Neda , Diaz Maria Genaleen , Garcia Roberta , Ocampo Pablo , Laurena Antonio , Tecson-Mendoza Evelyn Mae
Published: November 2022

This study established the DNA barcodes of 19 economically important Philippine sea cucumbers belonging to Class Holothuroidea under Phylum Echinodermata using the cytochrome c oxidase I (COI) gene. These include sea cucumbers from the Family Holothuriidae under Order Aspidochirotida: Bohadschia marmorata, B. koellikeri, B. vitiensis, B. argus, Bohadschia sp. 1, Actinopyga echinites, A. lecanora, Holothuria scabra, H. fuscogilva, H. atra, H. impatiens, and H. albiventer; from the Family Stichopodiidae under Order Aspidochirotida: Stichopus horrens, S. monotuberculatus, S. vastus, S. hermanni, S. chloronotus, and Thelenota ananas; and from the Family Phyllophoriidae under Order Dendochirotida was Neocucumis proteus. Based on Kimura-2 pairwise (K2P) distances, low genetic variation within species of 0.005–0.018 was observed except for several species such as S. chloronotus, H. albiventer, A. echinites, and H. scabra – which had 0.057, 0.181, 0.207, and 0.215 within-species genetic variations, respectively. On the other hand, variation between species within a genus was 0.123 for Bohadschia, 0.18 for Actinopyga, 0.19 for Holothuria, and 0.071 for Stichopus. Phylogenetic tree using neighbor-joining analysis showed monophyletic clades for the genera Bohadschia, Actinopyga, Stichopus, Thelenota, and Neocucumis while paraphyletic clade was formed for the genus Holothuria. COI DNA sequences and barcodes were established for the first time for Neocucumis proteus and Holothuria albiventer.
Variational Approach to Data Graduation
Authors: Manejero James Lee , Mendoza Renier
Published: November 2022

The Whittaker-Henderson graduation is a data smoothing method commonly used in actuarial science for mortality table computation. This method is a finite-dimensional minimization problem, which aims to give a smooth approximation of the crude data. Our goal is to treat the Whittaker-Henderson method as a minimization problem in a Sobolev space. We take advantage of some results in the study of Sobolev spaces to analyze the solution to the graduation problem. Solving the arising minimization problem is equivalent to solving a partial differential equation (PDE). To solve the PDE numerically, we use the finite element method (FEM). We apply this variational approach to the data sets found in the literature. In particular, we test our method to check for patterns in (1) mortality rates for Filipino males, (2) global average temperature anomaly, and (3) monthly eBay share price. We also compare the results with that of the Whittaker-Henderson method.
Link Between Migration Status and Occupational Health and Safety of Filipino Migrant Workers in South Korea
Authors: Amit Lito , Ultra Venecio , Young Woong Song
Published: November 2022

With its offer of competitive compensation and attractive employment permit system (EPS), South Korea has recently experienced an influx of migrant workers. There has been a concomitant rise in the concerns about the health and safety of migrant (especially undocumented) workers as well. The purpose of this study was to identify the prevalence of work-related health and safety problems among Filipino migrant workers and determine the relationship between migration status and occupational health and safety (OHS) problems. We conducted a survey of 116 Filipino migrant workers, both legal and undocumented. We utilized the Korean Occupational Stress Scale (KOSS), Nordic Musculoskeletal Questionnaire (NMQ), and a validated health and safety questionnaire to assess the various forms of occupational health problems they face. A focus group discussion (FGD) was also conducted to cross-validate information from the questionnaire. Descriptive data were presented in percentages, mean, and standard deviation (SD). Chi-squares tests and logistic regression analyses were performed to estimate the degree of association between variables (P < 0.05). Among the eight subscales of KOSS, inadequate social support (2.48), organizational injustice (2.57), and lack of reward (2.52) were experienced by workers. There was a 44.83% prevalence of musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) with the arm/elbow having the highest rate, followed by the shoulder and low back regions. Inadequate social support and discomfort in organizational climate and overall MSDs prevalence showed significant relationships with migration status (P < 0.05). A significant relationship between migration status and some of the OHS problems faced by Filipino migrant workers in Korea was observed. In this study, undocumented workers were seen to be more vulnerable to stressors as compared to those employed legally.
Estimating the Potential Fisheries Production of Three Offshore Reefs in the West Philippine Sea, Philippines
Authors: Arceo Hazel , Cabasan Joey , Luciano Rhea Mae , Heyres Lovely Joy , Mamauag Samuel , Aliño Porfirio
Published: November 2022

Evaluating reef fisheries potential is crucial in understanding the benefits derived from coral reefs. In this study, fisheries production of three offshore reefs in the West Philippine Sea was characterized using both fishery-dependent and fishery-independent approaches. Experimental fishing was done using speargun and multiple hook-and-line in Pagasa Island and Sabina Shoal, Kalayaan Island Group (KIG) while interviews to assess fisheries production for the Scarborough Shoal were conducted in Masinloc, Zambales. Catch composition, total catch, and catch rates were obtained. Catch composition differed among gears although it was commonly dominated by Acanthuridae, Balistidae, Lethrinidae, and Scombridae. The catch rate was lowest for hook-and-line across all sites. Using varying levels of fishing days per year, mean catch rates ranged from 0.25–1.53 mt/fisher/yr for hook-and-line and 1.26–3.80 mt/fisher/yr for spearfishing. Estimated yields ranged from 2–31 mt/km2/yr. The potential annual yield for the three reefs was 1,053–2,733 mt/yr. When extrapolated, the KIG reefs can potentially produce around 61,557–90,850 mt/yr, or 3–5% of the total marine capture fisheries output. Interview results further revealed that the dominant gear type in Scarborough changed from speargun in the past to gillnets at present. This could be attributed to an observed shift in fishing grounds when access to the reefs became more restricted. The study shows that fisheries production in the three offshore reefs is still high compared with other areas in the country. However, these reefs have remained exposed to various anthropogenic threats, which could lead to significant fisheries losses if they remain unmanaged. Especially in offshore reefs where benchmarks are lacking, information on fisheries productivity should be compiled if it were to be sustained.
A Prospect Evolvement of Household Expenditure on Water Supply for Health Benifits in Chennai
Authors: Bavani R. Vijaya
Published: November 2022

Due to rapid urbanization, especially in developing countries such as India, has affected the availability and quality of groundwater is contaminated, its quality cannot be restored by stopping the pollutants from the source. The common pollutants of groundwater are discharge of agricultural, domestic, and industrial waste, pesticides, etc., which leads to water-borne diseases. Water-diseases may be of microbial origin such as diarrhea, dysentery, cholera and typhoid and chemical origin such as fluorosis and methemoglobinemia, therefore, in order to consume the quality water people need to spend more on water supply as other household expenditure, such as: food, clothing, housing (rent), energy, transport, etc., A significant number of people purchase water from private and public water suppliers and that they incur a sizeable expenditure on water purchases; some of these households are also willing to pay additional amounts for improved water supply from public and private sources for their health benefits. The results suggest that improvements in water supply would significantly increase the welfare of the people. This is clearly a public health risk that must be addressed along with the issue of water service affordability.
Disposal of Household Waste: Practices, Challenges & Management
Authors: Sankari K. Siva
Published: November 2022

Household waste comprises of garbage and rubbish from individual home and flats/ apartments. This waste consists of fruits and vegetables, food scrapes, papers, cans and bottles, clothes, chocolate wrappers, shampoo bottles and sachets etc. These are non- hazardous wastes generated by household and can be recycled. Hazardous wastes are those from pest control, home cleaners, batteries, garage oils which have adverse impact on the environment and threatens human life and other living organisms. The improper disposal of household hazardous waste by pouring waste oils and cleaners on the ground or disposing the containers along with other wastages affects the people living in that area and also affects the health of sewage cleaners. Dumping of solid wastes in the outskirts or open area has created huge landfills which pose serious threats on environment causing air pollution, contamination of ground water. Another serious problem in improper disposal of domestic waste is in regard to the process of collecting household waste. Lack of equipment and infrastructure for collection, inadequate number of bins and bin capacity, lack of manpower and technical skills and high rate of generation of waste from household sector. The present paper is intended to investigate the practices in the disposal of household waste, problems and challenges of improper disposal and measures for effective household waste management. The paper also highlights suggestions for proper disposal of household waste.
Economics and Air Pollution- An Analysis of Chennai City
Authors: Manjula Preethi Mohan
Published: November 2022

Air pollution causes a variety of environmental effects, besides harming human health. Acid rain is precipitation containing harmful amounts of nitric and sulfuric acids. These acids are formed primarily by nitrogen oxides and sulfur oxides released into the atmosphere when fossil fuels are burned. In the economics of pollution, we see that there is a point where both society and the environment have some satisfaction, or in other words, there is an optimum amount of pollution. The optimum amount of pollution can be defined as the point where the marginal benefit equals the marginal cost of pollution. Air pollution is responsible for major harmful effects on human health, animal lives, natural ecosystems and the man-made environment. It is also responsible for climate change due to the enhanced greenhouse effect, acid rain, and the depletion of the ozone layer that constitute important global environmental problems. The relationship between environmental degradation and economic growth has been object of constant debate among environmental economists. During the last two decades, the debate between economic growth and the environment introduced into the discussion. External effects or externality is one of the most basic concepts evoked by economists when looking at problems of environmental pollution. The market impacts of outdoor air pollution are projected to lead to global economic costs that gradually increase to 1% of global GDP by 2060. Costs related to additional health expenditures and labour productivity losses dominate in the long run. From an economics perspective, demand law suggests an inverse relationship between price and the quantity consumed of a marketable product. However, when a product does not have a very well-established market, this product will be most likely underpriced. This is the case of natural systems such as air or water. The lack of property rights for these natural inputs and the absence of environmental regulation or legal protection to pollution receptors make a firm to perceive air as an input that can be freely used, like a common resource, thus neglecting all external costs imposed to other agents of the economy. In other words, if there were well-defined property rights for air, firms would have to buy the right to pollute it and emissions could be internalized through a market mechanism. The six-scale Air Quality Index (AQI) rates air quality from ‘good’ (minimal impact) to ‘severe’ (affects healthy people and seriously impacts those with existing diseases). The air quality in Chennai has deteriorated sharply, with the AQI downgrading air quality in the city from ‘satisfactory’ to ‘very poor’.
A Panoramic View on Rural Energy Consumption
Authors: Manimegalai M. , Seethalakshmi S.
Published: November 2022

Energy consumption is an index of economic development energy is essential to ensure adequate and sustained supply for energy sector of the economy. The rural energy consumption pattern is divided into agricultural operation domestic activities, living and industry. Rural energy consumption influences the standard of living of the people in rural areas. India is the largest energy consumer in the world. In India, out of 121crs of populations, 80crs of people living rural areas and affordability are vitally our country keep its pace of development.
A Study on the Awareness of the Students Towards Health Hazards and Its Impact with Special Reference to Chennai City
Authors: Bhaskar Leela , Sangeetha R.
Published: November 2022

The environment is a place to live our life happily. A happy life is a contented life with no problems. But the environment needs to be protected from various problems which ultimately affect the health of human beings. The environment is now being affected by various factors and is becoming a great threat all over the world. The environment is affect by air, water and sound in the form of air pollution, water pollution and noise pollution. It is not only pollution that is affecting the environment but even the usage of tobacco for example , can have a harmful effect on human lives. The study is intended to find out the awareness of the student community towards the health hazards and their impact.
Climate Change: Coping Strategies for a Sustainable Future in India
Authors: Amerjothy S. , Bharath R. Raj , D. Rudrappan
Published: November 2022

Today, human race faces many threats but none is greater than the climate challenge. I quote Ban Ki-moon, the Secretary General of UN, “ climate change does not respect borders; it does not respect who you are-rich and, the poor, small and big. Therefore, this is what we call ‘ global challenges’ which require global solidarity”-co-operation and collaboration among all people and all governments of the world. Our globe, is a world of looming climate challenges. Climate change is happening here and happening now. Hence, human beings should not become architects of their own destruction. With the available knowledge and tools, it is essential to reduce global warming in terms of the mitigation and adaptation strategies. Therefore, this paper delineates various climate change coping strategies followed all over the world with a detailed description of measures formulated and adopted in India.
Global Climate Change and Its Impact on Indian Products: A Study on Patanjali Ayurved Limited
Authors: Suresh Sundari , Vijai C.
Published: November 2022

A decade ago Patanjali Ayurveda came with an influential dialogue “no chemicals & swadeshi alternative”. In a very few months, Patanjali has become a prime household name. Today, Patanjali Ayurveda Limited is as one of the main players in the Indian FMCG (Fast Moving Consumer Goods) company, and blindly trusted by the people across the country. Patanjali has now become the most prestigious brand in India and has a turnover of more than 2,000 crore in a very short span of time. Patanjali Ayurveda is offering the entire range of FMCG products such as food, grocery, nutrition, hair care, skin care and dental care at much competitive price than the other brands available in the market. The research “A Study of Brand Strategy and the Demand Inclination of the Patanjali Products in India” will provide the information of sales, marketing and the branding strategy of the Patanjali products. We will discuss the factor responsible for the growth of Patanjali Ayurvedic Limited and the future projects by Patanjali Ayurvedic Limited.
Impact of Climate Changes on Tourism Development in India
Authors: Kumar S. Sendil , Babu V. Anantha
Published: November 2022

Eco tourism, also known as ecological tourism, is travel to natural areas to appreciate the cultural and natural history of the environment, while not disturbing the integrity of the ecosystem and creating economic opportunities that make conservation and protection of natural resources advantageous to local people. Ecotourism also minimizes wastage and the environmental impact through sensitized tourists. Tourists look for an ecologically clean, non-polluted and unharmed natural environment to make their trip or vacation, so tourist activities take place mostly in ecologically clean territories. The existence of any ecological problem in a territory – pollution with hard waste materials, water pollution, high soil acidity, disrupted and annihilated vegetation, noise pollution, existence of noxious emissions in the air etc. affect tourism development in it in a most negative way. Existence of ecological problems is one of the strongest restricting factors for modern tourism development and so they are an important criterion for assessing tourism potential. Some of the tourists evince keen interest in nature. There is abundant natural wealth in Tamil Nadu viz. hill stations, waterfalls, forests, bird sanctuaries, beaches, etc. A separate Eco- Tourism Wing is being set up by Tamil Nadu Tourism by posting an officer from the Forest Department. The vision is to make Tamil Nadu a world renowned destination specializing in sustainable tourism through focused efforts on creating synergy among all stakeholders, encouraging capacity building and public- private partnerships with revenue generating strategies. This research paper focuses on an impact of Tourism on climatic changes in Tamilnadu. The researcher is an analysis the role of climate changes in tourism development through the secondary data from the various published sources.
Economic, Social and Environmental Implications of Urban Solid Waste and Need for Valorization of Waste
Authors: Jameela S.
Published: November 2022

“Source reduction is, on the face of it, perhaps the most appealing of all the possible approaches to solid-waste management” - William Rathje and Cullen Murphy Waste poses a threat to public health and environment and hence it should be properly collected and disposed. Managing municipal solid waste is a pervasive problem for any urban area and the Singara Chennai is no exception to it. Admitting that it is one of the best managed city, but still problem of dealing with solid waste generated in the ever expanding Chennai city is an uphill task. The materialistic world has been sustaining, so to say, by transforming natural resources into garbage. This is an unnatural behavior because mother nature does not throw stuff away – dead trees, birds, beetles and for that any natural material including human being are pretty quickly recycled by the earth system. Our perception of waste as an unwanted material with no intrinsic value has to change because of the fact that the waste generated is a resource with transformed material. Hence, to extract value from this science, technology and attitudinal changes are the need of the hour for converting the ever increasing waste into wealth. For a long time our economy has been linear but there is a positive shift to the circular economy which has changed the way we look at the urban solid waste which no longer remains a waste but is a resource now. The paper deals with the environmental and health implications of the urban solid waste and its impact on society if a timely intervention to make it a part of circular economy is not attempted seriously. The paper brings out the economic, social and environmental benefits of treating solid waste as a resource.