bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Bioeconomic efficiency of lamb finishing production systems
Authors: Batista Nielyson Junio Marcos , Pimentel Patrícia Guimarães , Costa José Alexandre Agiova da , Feijó Gelson Luís Dias , Moreira Guilherme Rocha , Araújo Rogério César Pereira de , Reis Fernando Alvarenga , Rêgo João Paulo Arcelino do , Cândido Magno José Duarte , Mizubuti Ivone Yurika
Published: May 2018

This study aimed to evaluate the production performance, quantitative carcass characteristics, and economic viability of lambs of genetic group Pantaneiro finished under four production systems: 1) Stockpiled Brachiaria brizantha cv piatã pasture; 2) Consortium of sorghum intercropped with Brachiaria brizantha cv piatã; 3) Feedlot based on sorghum silage and 2% body weight energy-protein supplementation, 4) Feedlot based on sorghum silage and 4% body weight energy-protein supplementation. Were used one hundred Pantaneiro lambs with an average body weight of 17.85 ± 2.50 kg and at 70 ± 15 days of age, approximately. The average final body weight and total body weight gain of the animals finished on the consortium of sorghum intercropped with Brachiaria brizantha cv piatã were higher than those obtained with feedlot based on sorghum silage and 2% body weight energy-protein supplementation. However, when this system were compared with sorghum silage and 4% body weight energy-protein supplementation, these characteristics did not differ (P > 0.05). Hot and cold carcass weights were lower when animals were fed sorghum silage and 2% body weight energy-protein supplementation as compared with the animals finished on the other systems. The greatest hot (48.20%) and cold (45.83%) carcass yields were observed in animals finished on sorghum silage and 4% body weight energy-protein supplementation. For the carcass compactness index, animals that received sorghum silage and 4% body weight energy-protein supplementation obtained higher values than those observed for 2% of supplementation. The economic evaluation showed a great return for the finishing systems, except for sorghum silage and 4% body weight energy-protein supplementation, and concluded that finishing lambs in a crop-livestock integration system presented a higher benefit/cost ratio (1.61). Therefore, based on the conditions under which this study was conducted, the crop-livestock integration is the most viable system for finishing lambs.
Effect of the scale of production on the cost-effectiveness of milk production systems belonging to the “Balde Cheio” program
Authors: Moraes Flávio De , Lopes Marcos Aurélio , Carvalho Francisval De Melo , Peres Afonso Aurélio de Carvalho , Bruhn Fábio Raphael Pascoti , Lima André Luis Ribeiro , Cardoso Milton Ghedini
Published: May 2018

This study investigates the cost-effectiveness of 20 demonstration units (DUs) belonging to the "Balde Cheio" program. The units in question are from the state of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, dating from January to December 2011, and are sorted according to the scale of production (small, medium and large). The data were analyzed using Predictive Analytical software (PASW) 18.0. The scale of production influenced the total cost of milk production, and therefore profitability and cost-effectiveness. The large-scale stratum showed the lowest total unit cost. The positive results in medium and large scales in milk production lead to optimal conditions for long-term production, with the capitalization of cowmen. The items regarding the effective operating cost (EOC) with the biggest influence on the costs of dairy activity in the small scale stratum were food, energy and miscellaneous expenses. In the medium scale, these were food, labor force, and miscellaneous expenses. Finally, in the large scale, they were food, labor force and energy. In the small and large scale, the items regarding the total cost with the biggest influence on the costs of dairy activity were food, labor force, and return on capital, while in the medium scale, they were food, return on capital, and labor force. The average break-even point of 14 of the DUs was higher than the average daily production.
Agricultural answers and chemical composition of Massai grass under different nitrogen doses and urea sources
Authors: Silva Aline Barros da , Carvalho Carlos Augusto Brandão de , Morenz Danilo Antonio , Silva Pedro Henrique Ferreira da , Santos Alex Junio dos , Santos Fábio Costa dos
Published: May 2018

Under the hypothesis that modifying nitrogen sources and doses could increase nitrogen fertilization efficiency and productivity and improve forage quality, this study aimed to evaluate the morphological composition, structural characteristics and chemical composition of Panicum maximum cv. Massai forage cultivated under different urea sources (common and coated with Policote®) and nitrogen doses (200, 400 and 600 kg ha-1 year-1) during the autumn, winter and spring of 2014 and the summer and autumn of 2015. The experiment was carried out in Seropédica, RJ, under a randomized complete block design in a factorial arrangement (3x2) + 1 with four replications. High nitrogen rates promoted higher percentages of leaf blade dry mass and lower percentages of dead material dry mass in the forage mass and provided higher tiller population density and forage accumulation rate of Massai grass during the studied seasons. The use of coated urea promoted higher levels of crude protein in the forage than did the use of common urea in all seasons. The intensification of nitrogen fertilization reduced the nitrogen use efficiency but benefitted the structural characteristics, forage accumulation and chemical composition of Massai grass forage. The use of coated urea promoted greater of nitrogen use efficiency during all seasons of the year.
Effect of supplementation of guanidinoacetic acid and arginine in vegetable diets for broiler on performance, carcass yield and meat quality
Authors: Esser Aline Fernanda Gonçalves , Taniguti Thais Lina , Silva Alexandra Maria da , Vanroo Elisangela , Kaneko Isabelle Naemi , Santos Tatiana Carlesso dos , Fernandes Jovanir Inês Müller
Published: May 2018

Birds fed with vegetable diets rely on the endogenous synthesis of creatine, which requires amino acids, some of which, for example arginine (Arg), are considered essential for several physiological and metabolic functions. Creatine is limited to high energy expenditure cells, particularly muscle cells. The objective of this study was to evaluate the inclusion of guanidinoacetic acid and arginine (as precursors of creatine) in vegetable diets, on the performance, quality, and yield of broiler chickens. The treatments consisted of diets based on corn and soybean meal (T1); corn, soybean meal + 3% meat meal (T2); corn, soybean meal + 0.08% guanidinoacetic acid (T3); and corn, soybean meal + 0.08% L-arginine (T4). The productive performance of the birds aged 7-, 21-, and 42-days-old was determined. Eighteen 7-day-old birds were sacrificed per treatment to evaluate breast and leg yield, and breast muscle fibers, and eighteen 42-day-old birds were sampled per treatment to determine serum uric acid, urea, creatine, lactate, and glucose concentrations. The same birds were slaughtered to calculate carcass yield in relation to live weight and commercial cut yield. The right pectoralis major muscle of each bird was used to test pH, color (luminosity L*, red index a*, and yellow index b*), and loss of water by pressure analysis, and the left side was used to analyze losses by defrosting and cooking. The data were analyzed using the software SAS. Diets to which meat or vegetable meal plus guanidinoacetic acid or L-Arginine were added resulted in higher live weight and breast meat percentage at 7 days old. Feed conversion was affected for a total period of 1 to 42 days of age (P < 0.0002). The birds with a diet supplemented with vegetable and meat meal had better feed conversion when compared to the birds that were fed with other diets. Treatments did not affect carcass and commercial cut yields, percent loss by cooking, pressure and defrosting of the broiler breast meat, or color (L, a*, and b*) and pH values.
Identification of productive systems of beef cattle in the northwest Region of Paraná, Brazil
Authors: Tramontini Cecilia Menchon , Cardozo Rejane Machado , Arieira Jailson De Oliveira
Published: May 2018

The purpose of this paper is to identify beef cattle production systems in the northwestern part of the state of Paraná, Brazil. To achieve this, interviews with 42 randomly selected cattle breeders were conducted between the months of November and December 2016 to describe the reality of the farms of this region. These interviews were carried out through a semi-structured questionnaire containing 49 questions pertaining to the reality of farms regarding herd management and property (nutrition, health, reproduction, and animal welfare), environment care, property area, and realized activities. Additionally, this questionnaire described the requirements of slaughterhouse for animal housing and the values obtained by the animals marketed according to the producers. After the interviews were carried out, a data bank was created using the software Microsoft Excel (ver. 2010). The data was later transferred to the software PASW 18 for Windows to perform multivariate statistical analyses. Defining the most representative variables was realizedwith multivariate statistical analysis, and these were represented by factor analysis, cluster analysis, and discriminant analysis to define the production systems. Through statistical analysis, three different systems were defined: the first production system has 18, the second production system five, and the third production system has 18 cattle breeders. The three systems found in the northwest region of the state of Paraná have different production and marketing characteristics, with the second system being superior to the other systems.
Performance and carcass traits of Nellore cattle fattening on pasture receiving different zinc contents in the mineral supplementation
Authors: Pompei Julliano Percinoto , Guerra Geisi Loures , Pereira Elzânia Sales , Silva Leandro Das Dores Ferreira da , Pimentel Patrícia Guimarães , Ribeiro Edson Luis de Azambuja , Santos Taís Aline Bregion dos , Santos Angelita Xavier dos , Ribeiro Mariellen Cristine Andrade , Mizubuti Ivone Yurika
Published: May 2018

The objective of this work was to study the effect of different zinc content (ZnSO4) in the mineral supplementation for Nellore steers grazing Brachiaria brizantha (cv) MG-4, on productive performance and carcass traits. Twenty-eight castrated animals with average body weight of 355 kg, were used. The animals were randomly divided into four groups and housed in paddocks of 6.25 ha each one, equipped with covered feeders and waterers, and grazed alternately each 28 days. The experimental design was completely randomized, with four zinc (Zn) content and seven repetitions. Different zinc content were: Zn-0, without Zn; Zn-2, with 2,000 mg Zn kg-1; Zn-4, with 4,000 mg Zn kg-1; and Zn-6, with 6,000 mg Zn kg-1; in the inorganic form (Zinc Sulphate) in mineral supplement. Mineral supplements were given ad libitum in covered troughs and previously weighed, with leftovers control for determining intake. The experimental period was 370 days. Organs, viscera, carcass and non-carcass components were weighed from each slaughtered animal. Loin eye area (LEA) and subcutaneous fat thickness (SFAT), as well as, color, pH and lipid oxidation, were evaluated. The increasing inclusion of zinc content in the diet of steers do not affected (P > 0.05) final body weight (FBW) and average daily weight gain (ADWG). Difference (P < 0.05) was observed in the Zn intake (ZnI) (? = -2.09386 + 146.9616x; R2 = 0.99) and hot carcass weight (?= 299.92662 + 3.33362x; R2= 0.24), as well as, in meat lipid oxidation (? = 0.15170 + 0.02539x; R2= 0.31). There was an increasing linear effect for meat color, evaluated by values of L* (luminosity) (? = 32.23309 + 0.41445x, R2 = 0.14), a* (red-green intensity) (? = 0.88592 + 18.16225x, R2 = 0.25) and b* (yellow-blue intensity) (? = 9.35295 + 0.45030x, R2 = 0.20), but remained within normal values for meat. It can be concluded that beef cattle grazing Brachiaria brizantha MG-4, and supplemented with different zinc contents in mineral supplements, supplied ad libitum, do not show changes in weight gain, carcass yield, physical carcass composition, as well as, in non-carcass components, but the Zn content has a positive linear influence on hot carcass weight, without causing changes in absolute and relative weights of organs and viscera.
A importância das informações nos sites das Instituições de Ensino Superior quanto à Matriz Curricular e Perfil Profissional dos Cursos de Análise e Desenvolvimento de Sistemas
Authors: Carmo José Carlos Mariano do , Lima Augusto Ferronato , Nunes Leandro Pieper , Kogut Luciano José
Published: May 2018

Introdução: as informações existentes nas páginas oficiais dos cursos de graduação tecnológica precisam ser claras e objetivas, a fim de facilitar o acesso aos conteúdos programáticos, carga horária, integralização e demais conhecimentos necessários para que os alunos ingressantes tenham discernimento na escolha de sua formação. Objetivo: analisar as matrizes curriculares e o perfil profissional dos cursos superiores em Análise e Desenvolvimento de Sistemas (ADS) na Região Metropolitana de Florianópolis (RMF)[1] – SC, considerando a microrregião da Grande Florianópolis, composta por nove municípios: Florianópolis, São José, Palhoça, Biguaçu, Santo Amaro da Imperatriz, Governador Celso Ramos, Antônio Carlos, Águas Mornas e São Pedro de Alcântara. Metodologia: efetuamos uma pesquisa qualitativa dos fenômenos apontados, relacionando-os com a legislação e com algumas das teorias propostas. A pesquisa teve base documental por abordar os assuntos tratados pelas Instituições de Ensino Superior (IES) no ambiente virtual do curso. Utilizou-se, ainda, de entrevista semiestruturada via contato telefônico ou direto quando necessário, sendo consultado também o portal eletrônico do Ministério da Educação para embasar o estudo, a comparação das matrizes curriculares e o perfil profissional do curso. Resultados: os resultados mostram que os cursos analisados estão focados nas exigências do mercado de trabalho da região estudada, no que diz respeito às soluções para desenvolvimento desktop, web e para dispositivos móveis, com o uso de algumas linguagens de programação. O perfil profissional de formação envolve também, conhecimentos caracterizados pelo raciocínio lógico, matemática abstrata e aprendizagem de um segundo idioma. Conclusões: demonstrar aos estudantes interessados em ingressar no curso de ADS, a importância das disciplinas abordadas, das tecnologias utilizadas, do perfil profissional e das principais características educacionais oferecidas pelas instituições. Pretende-se contribuir para que essas informações sejam utilizadas no propósito de qualificação para o mercado de trabalho
Gestão da informação em bancos públicos federais: Novos desafios diante da Lei de Acesso à Informação (LAI)
Authors: Machado Renato Plácido Mathias , Streit Rosalvo Ermes
Published: May 2018

Introdução: Este estudo apresenta os principais resultados de uma pesquisa sobre a gestão do conteúdo da informação em um banco público federal e o seu alinhamento com os princípios da Lei de Acesso à Informação (LAI).Objetivo: O objetivo geral deste trabalho é demonstrar a aplicação de um modelo de avaliação das práticas de gestão da informação em organizações do setor público, notadamente nos aspectos relacionados à gestão do conteúdo da informação, para a análise do alinhamento da gestão dessas organizações aos princípios estabelecidos pela LAI.Metodologia: Realizou-se análise comparativa dos resultados da pesquisa da gestão do conteúdo em um banco público federal com os princípios da LAI.Resultados: Os resultados evidenciam o alinhamento e a aderência de um instrumento de avaliação da gestão da informação para a análise dos princípios da LAI em organizações públicas, especialmente quanto ao aspecto da gestão do conteúdo da informação.Conclusões: Conclui-se que o instrumento de avaliação da gestão da informação governamental é suficientemente robusto e útil para a análise da gestão da informação sob a perspectiva dos princípios da LAI.
Modelo de sistema da informação para gerar feedback no ensino baseado na teoria da atividade
Authors: Sousa Emilio Evaristo de , Duque Cláudio Gottschalg
Published: May 2018

Introdução: O feedback é a informação sobre a performance de uma pessoa em uma determinada tarefa. A falta desse item na sala de aula pode trazer diversos prejuízos para a qualidade do ensino. Objetivo: O estudo busca analisar a percepção do aluno para gerar informação relevante ao professor em forma de feedback. Metodologia: Para tanto, propomos uma modelagem inovadora com aspectos da teoria da atividade, multimodalidade e uso de ontologia. Resultados: Como resultado, pretende-se criar uma ontologia das salas de aulas que determine as atividades do professor que podem ser auxiliadas com a percepção dos alunos na educação. Conclusões: A possibilidade da aplicação de seus resultados no auxílio e capacitação dos professores, provendo um meio para o uso da informação no enfrentamento dos desafios da sala de aula e qualificação do ensino.
Estudo comparativo dos currículos dos cursos de Biblioteconomia no Brasil
Authors: Barros Camila Monteiro de , Cunha Miriam Vieira da , Café Lígia Maria Arruda
Published: May 2018

Introdução: A sociedade se constitui num movimento orgânico em suas diversas dimensões – cultural, profissional, educacional, etc. – assim, é imprescindível que os currículos dos cursos de Biblioteconomia sejam repensados e ressignificados a partir dessa evolução social. Objetivo: Esse estudo tem como objetivo levantar informações a respeito da estrutura curricular dos cursos de Biblioteconomia das universidades brasileiras como forma de desenvolver um panorama da situação atual desses cursos. Metodologia: Inicialmente, foram selecionados os 26 cursos de universidades federais e estaduais brasileiras, no entanto, consideramos apenas as nove universidades que disponibilizavam em seus sites as informações necessárias para o estudo. Os currículos foram analisados a partir das áreas curriculares propostas para os cursos de Biblioteconomia dos países do Mercosul. Resultados: Constatamos que a área que apresenta maior carga-horária de disciplinas obrigatórias é a de Formação Geral, com 16,56%. A área com menor representatividade é a de Tecnologias da Informação, com 5,94%. Verificamos também que a distribuição de carga horária em cada área curricular é bem variada, a partir dos diferentes contextos das universidades analisadas. Conclusão: Nesse sentido, apontamos a necessidade de não pensar o currículo de forma demasiado individualizada. Para tanto, é sensato estar a par das demandas sociais tanto para atender à realidade atual quanto para modificá-la.
Difusão em arquivos na Cinemateca Capitólio: um estudo de caso
Authors: Dias Eliane Carniel , Rockembach Moisés
Published: May 2018

Introdução: Este artigo tem como proposta demonstrar as possibilidades de difusão da Cinemateca Capitólio, Instituição que abriga um dos mais importantes acervos cinematográficos e audiovisuais gaúcho, situado em Porto Alegre. Objetivo: Os objetivos da pesquisa foram realizar uma revisão de literatura sobre as abordagens de difusão em arquivos, contextualizar o acervo e a estrutura da Cinemateca Capitólio e verificar e propor possíveis melhorias no processo de difusão. Metodologia: Utilizou-se de pesquisa qualitativa, com estudo de caso e aplicação de questionários e entrevistas. Resultados: As abordagens desta difusão partem de uma perspectiva clássica, que compreendem exposições, publicações, serviços educativos, parcerias com outras Instituições, visitas guiadas, construção de página na internet, blog ou rede social e realização de cursos, palestras e oficinas, até uma abordagem informacional, compreendendo acessibilidade e transparência, estudo de usuários ou do comportamento informacional, marketing aplicado a serviços e produtos de informação, mediação da informação e literacia da informação. Conclusões: Concluiu-se que uma série de estratégias de difusão podem possibilitar uma ampla divulgação das informações contidas em seu acervo e um melhor entendimento dos usuários que interagem com a Instituição.
A diplomática contemporânea: reflexões sobre sua aplicabilidade na era digital
Authors: Silva William , Flores Daniel
Published: May 2018

Introdução: Ao longo de muito tempo, a Diplomática contribuiu significativamente para a identificação da autenticidade dos documentos, ampliando seu rol de atuação quando foi influenciada por outras disciplinas, tais como a Arquivística moderna, que potencializou o seu objeto de estudo, mostrando a profunda ligação entre a espécie e sua atividade geradora. Objetivo: O presente trabalho tem como objetivo realizar reflexões acerca da evolução da Diplomática Clássica para a Diplomática Contemporânea, a relação entre esta disciplina e a Classificação Documental e os seus impactos diante a era digital, na constituição do processo de autenticidade dos documentos arquivísticos digitais.Metodologia: A natureza pesquisa é classificada como básica, a forma de abordagem é classificada como qualitativa, o objetivo da pesquisa classificada como exploratória, envolvendo levantamento bibliográfico a respeito da diplomática na sua relação com a arquivística e a empregabilidade na era digital.Resultados: Após a pesquisa, compreende-se que a Diplomática perpassa os tempos, diante os aspectos de estudo da espécie documental, até o momento de sua relação com a Arquivística moderna, quando compreende o universo de estudo da Tipologia Documental, identificando-se com a Classificação, enquanto função matricial da Arquivística moderna, e utilizando dos recursos da análise da autenticidade no ambiente digital.Conclusão: É evidente que há uma relação intrínseca entre a Diplomática, em sua perspectiva contemporânea, com a Arquivística moderna, tanto na compreensão dos aspectos da tipologia documental, quanto como ferramenta essencial na análise da autenticidade no ambiente digital.
Coleções biológicas e bibliotecas universitárias: uma proposta para além do desenvolvimento sustentável
Authors: Maia Marcos Felipe Gonçalves , Viana Rodney Haulien Oliveira
Published: May 2018

Resumo: Introdução: O ambientalismo e a ecologia têm ganhado espaço nas discussões e nas práticas cotidianas das bibliotecas universitárias.Objetivo: descrever a importância da integração dos metadados dos registros das coleções biológicas nos catálogos das bibliotecas da Universidade Federal do Tocantins (UFT) como uma ação “ambientalmente contextualizada”, para além do desenvolvimento sustentável.Metodologia: Pesquisa descritivo-explicativa, com abordagem qualitativa, com coleta de dados por meio de pesquisas bibliográfica e documental. Leitura teórica por meio do desconstrucionismo de Jacques Derrida.Resultados: Os conceitos de desenvolvimento sustentável, sustentabilidade institucional e ecologia da informação têm sido usados pelos profissionais da informação de uma maneira acrítica, sem considerar sua perspectiva mercadológica e para manutenção do sistema de exploração da natureza.Conclusões: se os profissionais da informação intentam participar da preocupação pela natureza devem estar atentos para desenvolverem ações para além do desenvolvimento sustentável. Devem ajudar no processo de construção de saberes locais e ajudar na construção de modos de utilização da informação por meio de suas práticas cotidianas.
A Independência do Brasil nos livros didáticos para crianças: uma análise da produção didática entre as décadas de 1970 e 2000
Authors: Aquino Luciana Fernandes de , Oliveira Sandra Regina Ferreira de Oliveira
Published: May 2018

O livro didático tem se configurado nos últimos tempos como um instrumento central na cultura escolar brasileira. Nesse sentido, nossa investigação dedicou-se a compreender esse material e, mais especificamente, como um conteúdo de História dos anos iniciais do Ensino Fundamental de grande repercussão nacional é apresentado nesses manuais ao longo do tempo. Desse modo, realizamos um levantamento de materiais na biblioteca do livro didático da Universidade de São Paulo no qual abordava-se o tema da Independência do Brasil para o ensino de História de crianças. Esse levantamento resultou em uma análise de cinquenta obras correspondentes a primeira e quarta série do primeiro grau que equivalem hoje ao Ensino Fundamental de primeiro ao quinto ano, entre as décadas de 1970 e 1980.  A análise qualitativa desses materiais resultou na seleção de oito obras para a construção de uma interpretação sistematizada referente aos sujeitos históricos, imagens e propostas de atividades. Assim, com esse estudo percebemos permanências e mudanças relativas ao conteúdo em geral. Algumas das permanências são referentes aos métodos mnemônicos e textos curtos com questionários que pretendem obter respostas explícitas e de uma História predominantemente cronológica que não busca problematizar os fatos históricos. Entretanto, as mudanças nos costumes da sociedade e das legislações incidem diretamente na produção desses materiais, como também ao tratamento gráfico do conteúdo e das finalidades educativas para o ensino de História ao longo do período selecionado para o estudo.
Temporalidade (s) na Historiografia Didática: notas sobre o Ensino de História e cultura indígena no município de Maringá (2014-2016)
Authors: Nunes Daniella Castellini , Coelho João Paulo Pereira , Leopoldino Maria Aparecida
Published: May 2018

RESUMO: O artigo apresenta resultados de análise do livro didático de história regional intitulado Pequenos Exploradores, adotado pelos professores da rede municipal de ensino da cidade de Maringá-Paraná.  O objetivo norteador das reflexões empreendidas no trabalho foi   problematizar  as  representações sobre o tempo - moderno, industrial e urbano - presentes no referido livro e as suas implicações sobre  as particularidades das  vivências do tempo na cultura indígena. Para tanto, utilizou-se de pesquisa bibliográfica para subsidiar o estudo da fonte, tendo  como  referencial e base conceitual de análise  a ideia de representação e de leituras do passado do historiador francês Roger Chartier, teórico da  história cultural. Conclui-se que  as concepções de  tempo devam comportar múltiplas representações sociais e culturais, compreendo as vivências do indígena  no tempo em suas singularidades, afastando-se de concepções homogeneizadoras e hierarquizadas que se desenvolveram na sociedade moderna industrial.  Palavras-chave: Ensino de história escolar. Temporalidades. Cultura indígena.
Ensino de história e cidadania: uma proposta de análise das instituições escolares na perspectiva do interacionismo simbólico
Authors: Rolim Rivail Carvalho
Published: May 2018

Durante a década de 1990 houve uma forte mobilização para mudar o sistema educacional do país, objetivando formar cidadãos detentores de uma postura ética, compromisso social e político, para construir uma sociedade mais justa e solidária. Para isso, foram formuladas propostas educacionais, como a Lei de Diretrizes e Bases da Educação e os Parâmetros Curriculares Nacionais, pois o entendimento era de que a educação tinha um papel crucial no desenvolvimento das pessoas e das sociedades.Diante do exposto, temos como objetivo apresentar uma proposta de análise do tema da cidadania, no ensino de História, nas instituições escolares, na perspectiva do interacionismo simbólico. Com isso, pretendemos contribuir para a compreensão da implantação de políticas públicas no país; fornecer elementos que auxiliem no entendimento das instituições escolares, e daação do professor no chão da escola,quando uma nova proposta pedagógica é apresentada
Radiotherapy with radical cystectomy for bladder cancer: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: McAlpine Kristen , Fergusson Dean A. , Breau Rodney H. , Reynolds Luke F. , Shorr Risa , Morgan Scott C. , Eapen Libni , Cagiannos Ilias , Morash Chris , Lavallée Luke T.
Published: May 2018

Introduction: Muscle-invasive bladder cancer (MIBC) is associated with high recurrence and mortality rates. The role of radiotherapy as an adjunct to radical cystectomy is not well-defined. We sought to evaluate the efficacy and safety of radiotherapy preoperatively or postoperatively for patients with MIBC receiving cystectomy compared to cystectomy alone. The primary outcome was overall survival. The secondary outcome was adverse effects.Methods: MEDLINE, EMBASE, and CENTRAL were searched on August 30, 2016 for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of patients undergoing cystectomy for bladder cancer. A control group receiving cystectomy alone and an intervention group with radiotherapy and cystectomy were required. The Jadad score was used to assess for bias. Fifteen studies representing 10 RCTs met eligibility criteria.Results: A total of 996 patients were randomized in seven trials included in a meta-analysis of neoadjuvant radiotherapy. Insufficient data were available to complete a pooled analysis for adjuvant radiotherapy. There was a non-statistically significant improvement in overall survival for patients who received neoadjuvant radiotherapy and cystectomy. At three years and five years, the odds ratios were 1.23 (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.72–2.09) and 1.26 (95% CI 0.76–2.09), respectively, in favour of neoadjuvant radiotherapy. Subgroup analyses including higher doses of radiotherapy showed greater effect on survival.Conclusions: These data suggest that radiotherapy prior to cystectomy may improve overall survival. This review was limited by old studies, heterogeneous patient populations, and radiotherapy treatment techniques that may not meet current standards. There is a need for current RCTs to further evaluate this effect.
Investigating Syntactical and Lexical Complexity in Gendered and Same-Sex Interactions
Authors: Long III Robert W.
Published: May 2018

For many sociolinguists, the issue of shyness and hesitation phenomenon has been problematic for Japanese L1 and L2 speakers, particularly in gendered interactions. Over the past decade, more Japanese are shunning conversations, relationships, and isolating themselves, which is accelerating the demographic crisis in Japan. Thus, this paper focuses on the variables concerning fluency, syntactical and lexical complexity to see if there are significant differences between gendered and same-sex interactions. It seeks to answer questions such as ‘is hesitation phenomenon more marked in gendered discourse than in same-sex interactions,’ and ‘which gender exhibits the most fluency and dysfluency?’ Results showed a significant difference in the speech between males and females in regard to speaking rates and number of words, but no significance was noted between gendered and same-sex interactions, or for the variables in lexical and syntactical complexity.
Anti-Cysticercus Antibodies in Pigs and Pig Breeders in María La Baja, Colombia
Authors: Pinilla Mavianis , Giraldo Julio C. , Villafañe Lucy M. , Lorduy Jaime , Rocha Sandy , Rocha Cindy , Melendez Aydali
Published: May 2018

Cysticercosis is a parasitic infection caused by the larvae of the pork tapeworm, Taenia solium. It is acquired through fecal-oral contamination, and it can affect humans and pigs. In Colombia, this is an endemic infection especially in locations where breeding and commercialization of pigs are performed under poorly hygienic conditions, such as in Maria La Baja, Department of Bolívar. However, seroprevalence of anti-cysticercus antibodies in pigs or pig breeders at these locations has not been determined. Thus, using indirect immunoassays we quantified anti-cysticercus antibodies in serum samples of pigs (n=254) and pig breeders (n=121) in Maria La Baja. Furthermore, a questionnaire was applied in order to determine environmental, cultural, and socioeconomic variables. Anti-cysticercus antibodies were detected in 36.6% (93/254) of pigs and 44.6% (54/121) of pig breeders. A significant causal association was identified for daily cleaning of pigsties and having anti-cysticercus antibodies with an aOR = 15.16 (CI 95%: 2.13 - 107.86; p = 0.0002). No significant associations were identified between the evaluated variables and seroprevalence of anti-cysticercus antibodies in pigs. Our study indicates that there is a high seroprevalence of anti-cysticercus antibodies in humans and pigs in locations where handling of pigs is performed under poor hygienic conditions. Our results suggest that there is a need to design and implement prevention and control strategies in Maria La Baja in order to reduce transmission of this disease.
Willingness-to-Pay for Family-Based Health Insurance: Findings From Household And Health Facility Surveys in Central Vietnam
Authors: Shimamura Yasuharu , Matsushima Midori , Yamada Hiroyuki , Nguyen Minh Tam
Published: May 2018

This study explores factors associated with people’s willingness-to-pay (WTP) for family-based health insurance covering the whole family in central Vietnam. The amount of WTP was elicited by using a contingent value method in 2014 and the mean WTP was 2.27 percent of GDP per capita. Firstly, our study reveals that even the poor are willing to pay towards obtaining health insurance. Secondly, our regression analysis shows that the health insurance status of the household head, in addition to education, wealth level, and family size, is associated with WTP. Furthermore, our estimation results with restricted sample households whose designated health facility is the commune health station (CHS) confirm that healthcare service quality measures designed based on patients’ past experiences at the CHS are significant predictors of WTP as they can affect people’s valuation of the benefit of the health insurance.
The Morally Difficult Notion of Heaven
Authors: Saemi Amir ,   Philosophy Documentation Center
Published: May 2018

I will argue that Avicenna’s and Aquinas’s faith-based virtue ethics are crucially different from Aristotle’s virtue ethics, in that their ethics hinges on the theological notion of heaven, which is constitutively independent of the ethical life of the agent. As a result, their faith-based virtue ethics is objectionable. Moreover, I will also argue that the notion of heaven that Avicenna and Aquinas deploy in their moral philosophy is problematic; for it can rationally permit believers to commit morally horrendous actions. Finally, I will present a Kantian notion of heaven which is immune to the aforementioned moral objection. The Kantian notion of heaven, nevertheless, cannot ground any view of ethics as it is constitutively dependent on the ethical life of the agent.
Statistical Analysis of Advertisement on women’s buying behavior in Karachi (Ranging from 16 to 40)
Authors: Shafiq Muhammad Osama , Iqbal Naveed , Khan Kushboo , Saleem Sehrish
Published: May 2018

The aim of study is to determine the level of influence on women’s behavior by television advertisement. The research is designed for the women’s between 16 to 40 years age. Study is based on quantitative research method; survey is used to collect the data. Participants answered number of questions from questionnaire which is based on the influence of TV advertisement on buying decisions among women.

The study explores that a creative and well executed advertisement has always a great impact on the buying trends or purchasing behaviors of the consumers. At the same time quality of the product and price is also included with their strong impact on buying behavior of consumer. Likewise to some extent the celebrity endorsement also matters in the buying behavior. Therefore the study concludes that the positive impact of all these factors, on the buying behavior of the consumer proves the loyalty of consumer towards brand which helps in promotion of the advertised product and changes the buying behavior towards buying intentions.
A NOVEL EVALUATION APPROACH FOR SHALE BRITTLENESS INDEX
Authors: LIU SHANYONG , ZHANG YINGXU , LI ZHONGLUI , THOMAS TYLER
Published: May 2018

Brittleness index (BI) is a key parameter used for reservoir fracability evaluation and "sweet spot" search in shale gas exploration. The existing assessment methods cannot guide the fracturing design and field treatment due to their insufficient theoretical foundation and neglect on the influences of engineering factors. This study aims to solve this problem by using the thermodynamics criterion in nonlinear fracture mechanics. First, the quantitative relationship between energy loss and rock brittleness was investigated during fracture propagation. The nonlinear plastic deformation at the crack tip was then simplified into an ideal line elastic condition by using the equivalence principle. In addition, the numerical equation for surface pressure was fitted by the monadic regressive method. A case study was conducted to compare the obtained BI using common methods and the proposed one. Results demonstrate that energy dissipation theory is recommended to describe the essence of nonlinear rock deformation. Moreover, a higher BI indicates more occurrences of microseismic events. The monitoring data fitted with the conclusion well, which verify the applicability of the proposed evaluation method. Furthermore, the average BIs of the two wells used in this study are 48% and 62%, which shows obvious positive correlation with production. The proposed model can be regarded as a good reference for BI evaluation in shale reservoirs.

Keywords: Brittleness index, Shale gas, Hydraulic fracturing, fracability
Fingerprinting snakes: paleontological and paleoecological implications of zygantral growth rings in Serpentes
Authors: Petermann Holger , Gauthier Jacques A.
Published: May 2018

We introduce a new non-destructive source of skeletochronological data with applications to species identification, associating disarticulated remains, assessing minimum number of individuals (MNI), and collection management of fossil snakes, but with potential implications for all bony vertebrates, extinct or extant. Study of a diverse sample of Recent henophidian snakes confirms that annual growth cycles (AGCs) visible on the surface of the vertebral zygantrum correspond to lines of arrested growth in osteohistological thin sections and accordingly reflect chronological age. None of the specimens considered here showed signs of remodelling of the zygantrum, suggesting that a complete, unaltered age record is preserved. We tested potential influences on AGCs with a single experimental organism, a maleBogertophis subocularis, that was raised at a controlled temperature and with constant access to mice and water. The conditions in which this individual was maintained, including that it had yet to live through a full reproductive cycle, enabled us to determine that its AGCs reflect only the annual solar cycle, and neither temperature, nor resource availability, nor energy diversion to gametogenesis could explain that it still exhibited lines of arrested growth. Moreover, growth lines in this specimen are deposited toward the end of the growth season in the fall, and not in the winter, during which this individual continued to feed and grow, even though this mid-latitude species would normally be hibernating and not growing. This suggests that growth lines are not caused by hibernation, but reflect the onset of a physiological cycle preparingBogertophis subocularisfor winter rest. That being said, hibernation and reproductive cycle could still influence the amount of time represented by an individual growth line. Growth-line number and AGC spacing-pattern, plus centrum length, are used to estimate MNI of the Early Eocene fossil snakeBoavus occidentaliscollected from the Willwood Formation over two field seasons during the late 19th century. We identified eight or nine individuals among specimens previously parcelled among two specimen lots collected during those expeditions.
VULNERABILIDADE À CONTAMINAÇÃO DAS ÁGUAS SUBTERRÂNEAS DO SISTEMA DE AQUÍFERO IÇÁ/FRATURADO NORTE NA ÁREA URBANA DO MUNICÍPIO DE PORTO VELHO/RONDÔNIA
Authors: Duarte Miqueias Lima , Locatelli Marília , Acácio da Silva Tatiana , Silva Filho Eliomar Pereira da
Published: May 2018

As águas subterrâneas são fontes vitais para o suprimento das necessidades humanas. No entanto, as diversas atividades antrópicas desenvolvidas na superfície do solo têm comprometido sua quantidade e qualidade. O conhecimento das áreas com maior ou menor nível de vulnerabilidade à poluição nos aquíferos é de extrema importância para a gestão eficiente desses recursos. Este estudo visa avaliar a vulnerabilidade à contaminação das águas subterrâneas no sistema de aquífero Içá/Fraturado Norte na área urbana do município de Porto Velho, Rondônia, e mapear as principais fontes potencias de geração de carga contaminante. A aplicação do método GOD (Groundwater occurrence; Overall lithology of the unsaturated zone; and Depth of the water table), permitiu identificar as classes de vulnerabilidade na área. Os resultados obtidos mostram que existe uma predominância de média vulnerabilidade à contaminação (52%) distribuídas em toda área de estudo, seguida de alta vulnerabilidade (37%) ocorrendo principalmente na região central, e baixa vulnerabilidade (12%) em predominância nas regiões ONO, N e ENE. O mapeamento das principais fontes geradoras de carga contaminante, juntamente com o estudo de direção de fluxo indicou que na região central da área urbana existem locais com real risco à contaminação, em especial devido a maior quantidade de postos de combustíveis, demostrando a necessidade de estabelecimento de medidas públicas que visem o melhor planejamento do uso das áreas de recarga, e ações voltadas à prevenção e proteção das águas subterrâneas da região.
A combined tissue‐engineered/in silico signature tool patient stratification in lung cancer
Authors: Göttlich Claudia , Kunz Meik , Zapp Cornelia , Nietzer Sarah L. , Walles Heike , Dandekar Thomas , Dandekar Gudrun
Published: May 2018

Patient‐tailored therapy based on tumor drivers is promising for lung cancer treatment. For this, we combined in vitro tissue models with in silico analyses. Using individual cell lines with specific mutations, we demonstrate a generic and rapid stratification pipeline for targeted tumor therapy. We improve in vitro models of tissue conditions by a biological matrix‐based three‐dimensional (3D) tissue culture that allows in vitro drug testing: It correctly shows a strong drug response upon gefitinib (Gef) treatment in a cell line harboring an EGFR‐activating mutation (HCC827), but no clear drug response upon treatment with the HSP90 inhibitor 17AAG in two cell lines with KRAS mutations (H441, A549). In contrast, 2D testing implies wrongly KRAS as a biomarker for HSP90 inhibitor treatment, although this fails in clinical studies. Signaling analysis by phospho‐arrays showed similar effects of EGFR inhibition by Gef in HCC827 cells, under both 2D and 3D conditions. Western blot analysis confirmed that for 3D conditions, HSP90 inhibitor treatment implies different p53 regulation and decreased MET inhibition in HCC827 and H441 cells. Using in vitro data (western, phospho‐kinase array, proliferation, and apoptosis), we generated cell line‐specific in silico topologies and condition‐specific (2D, 3D) simulations of signaling correctly mirroring in vitro treatment responses. Networks predict drug targets considering key interactions and individual cell line mutations using the Human Protein Reference Database and the COSMIC database. A signature of potential biomarkers and matching drugs improve stratification and treatment in KRAS‐mutated tumors. In silico screening and dynamic simulation of drug actions resulted in individual therapeutic suggestions, that is, targeting HIF1A in H441 and LKB1 in A549 cells. In conclusion, our in vitro tumor tissue model combined with an in silico tool improves drug effect prediction and patient stratification. Our tool is used in our comprehensive cancer center and is made now publicly available for targeted therapy decisions.
Thiamine Levels in Muscle and Eggs of Adult Pacific Salmon from the Fraser River, British Columbia
Authors: Welch David W. , Futia Matthew H. , Rinchard Jacques , Teffer Amy K. , Miller Kristi M. , Hinch Scott G. , Honeyfield Dale C.
Published: May 2018

Multiple species and stocks of Pacific salmon Oncorhynchus spp. have experienced large declines in the number of returning adults over a wide region of the Pacific Northwest due to poor marine survival (low smolt-to-adult survival rates). One possible explanation for reduced survival is thiamine deficiency. Thiamine (vitamin B1) is an essential vitamin with an integral role in many metabolic processes, and thiamine deficiency is an important cause of salmonid mortality in the Baltic Sea and in the Laurentian Great Lakes. To assess this possibility, we (1) compared muscle thiamine content over time in a holding experiment using Fraser River (British Columbia) Sockeye Salmon O. nerka to establish whether adults that died during the holding period had lower thiamine levels than survivors, (2) measured infectious loads of multiple pathogens in held fish, and (3) measured egg thiamine content from four species of Pacific salmon collected on Fraser River spawning grounds. Chinook Salmon O. tshawytscha had the lowest egg thiamine, followed by Sockeye Salmon; however, egg thiamine concentrations were above levels known to cause overt fry mortality. Thiamine vitamers in the muscle of Fraser River adult Sockeye Salmon shifted over a 13-d holding period, with a precipitous decline in thiamine pyrophosphate (the active form of thiamine used in enzyme reactions) in surviving fish. Survivors also carried lower loads of Flavobacterium psychrophilum than fish that died during in the holding period. Although there is no evidence of thiamine deficiency in the adults studied, questions remain about possible thiamine metabolism–fish pathogen relationships that influence survival.
Whole‐exome sequencing in 20,197 persons for rare variants in Alzheimer's disease
Authors: Raghavan Neha S. , Brickman Adam M. , Andrews Howard , Manly Jennifer J. , Schupf Nicole , Lantigua Rafael , Wolock Charles J. , Kamalakaran Sitharthan , Petrovski Slave , Tosto Giuseppe , Vardarajan Badri N. , Goldstein David B. , Mayeux Richard ,   The Alzheimer's Disease Sequencing Project
Published: May 2018

Objective

The genetic bases of Alzheimer's disease remain uncertain. An international effort to fully articulate genetic risks and protective factors is underway with the hope of identifying potential therapeutic targets and preventive strategies. The goal here was to identify and characterize the frequency and impact of rare and ultra‐rare variants in Alzheimer's disease, using whole‐exome sequencing in 20,197 individuals.

Methods

We used a gene‐based collapsing analysis of loss‐of‐function ultra‐rare variants in a case–control study design with data from the Washington Heights‐Inwood Columbia Aging Project, the Alzheimer's Disease Sequencing Project and unrelated individuals from the Institute of Genomic Medicine at Columbia University.

Results

We identified 19 cases carrying extremely rare SORL1 loss‐of‐function variants among a collection of 6,965 cases and a single loss‐of‐function variant among 13,252 controls (P = 2.17 × 10−8; OR: 36.2 [95% CI: 5.8–1493.0]). Age‐at‐onset was 7 years earlier for patients with SORL1 qualifying variant compared with noncarriers. No other gene attained a study‐wide level of statistical significance, but multiple top‐ranked genes, including GRID2IP, WDR76 and GRN, were among candidates for follow‐up studies.

Interpretation

This study implicates ultra‐rare, loss‐of‐function variants in SORL1 as a significant genetic risk factor for Alzheimer's disease and provides a comprehensive dataset comparing the burden of rare variation in nearly all human genes in Alzheimer's disease cases and controls. This is the first investigation to establish a genome‐wide statistically significant association between multiple extremely rare loss‐of‐function variants in SORL1 and Alzheimer's disease in a large whole‐exome study of unrelated cases and controls.