bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
1‐Dehydro‐6‐Gingerdione Exerts Anticancer Effects on MDA‐MB‐231 Cells and in the Xenograft Mouse Model by Promoting the Ferroptosis Pathway
Authors: Tran Thi Hoa My , Dhandapani Sanjeevram , Abdus Samad , Kim Yeon‐Ju
Published: October 2024

Breast cancer (BC) is the most prevalent malignancy among women, with millions of newly diagnosed cases emerging annually. Therefore, identifying novel pharmaceuticals for therapeutic purposes is imperative. Several natural compounds and their products have demonstrated potential in the treatment of cancer. This study examined the effects of the ginger derivative 1‐dehydro‐6‐gingerdione (1‐D‐6‐G) on BC and its mechanisms of action. MTT and colony formation assays were used to check the anticancer effect of 1‐D‐6‐G. Then the anticancer mechanism of 1‐D‐6‐G was predicted using proteomics analysis. The molecular pathway was verified by qRT‐PCR and immunobloting analysis. Additionally, the anticancer properties of 1‐D‐6‐G were investigated in vivo using xenograft mice model. Finally, an in silico study was conducted to examine the interaction of 1‐D‐6‐G and pathway‐related proteins. MTT and colony formation assay results indicated that 1‐D‐6‐G has potent cytotoxic properties against BC cells. Proteomic analysis revealed that the anticancer mechanism of 1‐D‐6‐G on MDA‐MB‐231 cells is associated with the ferroptosis signaling pathway. In addition, qRT‐PCR and immunoblotting analyses revealed that the cytotoxic effects of 1‐D‐6‐G on MDA‐MB‐231 cells were associated with ferroptosis signaling induction. Our in vivo results further confirmed the in vitro findings. The administration of 1‐D‐6‐G for 14 days exhibited anticancer properties in xenograft mice by stimulating the ferroptosis pathway without causing damage to essential organs such as the liver and kidneys. Additionally, in silico results confirmed the structural stability of the molecular interaction between 1‐D‐6‐G and ferroptosis target proteins. Our findings indicate that 1‐D‐6‐G has the potential to serve as a novel therapeutic agent for inhibiting BC progression by targeting the ferroptosis pathway.
Role of midtropospheric heating and surface forcing on monsoon intraseasonal transitions
Authors: Bhowmick Mansi , Jayakumar A. , Mohan T. S. , Anurose T. J. , Mohandas Saji , Menon Arathy , Prasad V. S.
Published: October 2024

Monsoon intraseasonal transitions are intrinsically chaotic; hence, their predictability is limited. In the past the majority of studies were conducted solely keeping in account of dynamic prospective like boreal summer intraseasonal oscillation or Madden–Julian oscillation; however its thermodynamic aspect got limited attention. The current study looks at the internal thermodynamic mechanisms pertaining to monsoon intraseasonal transition using two independent sets of reanalysis data (European Centre for Medium‐range Weather Forecasts Reanalysis version 5 and Indian Monsoon Data Assimilation and Analysis), along with the observed cloud type from Met Office Integrated Data Archive System Land and Marine surface station data. A lead–lag composite analysis shows that the midtropospheric warming by diabatic heating is a thermal control to restrict the deepening of convective cloud (cumulonimbus) as the wet spell progresses. This midtroposhperic heating cuts off the formation of deep convective clouds and results in the formation of relatively shallow clouds, such as stratocumulus and stratus. On the other hand, surface forcing during dry spells humidifies the troposphere by detrainment from the shallow convection with the formation of cumulus and cumulus congestus clouds. This facilitates the preconditioning of the atmosphere for deep convection and results in the onset of wet spells by the formation of cumulonimbus clouds. The comprehensive approach used in this work may further help in identifying the limitation of the predictability in monsoon transition period from the numerical weather prediction models.
Medium‐range predictability of temperature extremes and biases in Rossby‐wave amplitude
Authors: Doensen Onno , Fragkoulidis Georgios , Magnusson Linus , Riemer Michael , Wirth Volkmar
Published: October 2024

This study investigates the medium‐range predictability of warm and cold extremes in the Northern Hemisphere and the role that upper‐tropospheric circulation biases play in this regard. Deterministic ERA5 reforecasts for the period 1979–2019 are evaluated based on the ERA5 reanalysis of the respective period, thus providing a large sample for verification and bias identification. The predictability of temperature extremes at 850 hPa is assessed based on the Gilbert Skill Score and other metrics and is shown to exhibit regional and seasonal variations. Summer is generally characterized by lower forecast skill scores than winter for both warm and cold extremes. Moreover, cold extremes in summer have slightly lower skill scores than warm extremes, while the opposite is true in winter. Biases in the frequency of temperature extremes are, to some extent, consistent with biases in mean temperature and indicate an underestimation in the total amount of extremes for much of the hemisphere in summer. Associated with the latter, biases also emerge in the standard deviation of the daily temperature distribution, with the summer values being largely underestimated over most of the hemisphere. The role of upper‐tropospheric circulation in these biases is then assessed by verifying the representation of Rossby‐wave packet (RWP) properties. It is found that the amplitude of RWPs is systematically underestimated in most of the hemisphere in summer, while it is overestimated in many parts of the midlatitudes in winter. Overall, the results suggest that the underestimation of RWP amplitude in summer hinders the medium‐range predictability of temperature extremes in the explored retrospective and operational forecasts. Although operational European Centre for Medium‐Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) forecasts gradually improve between 2013 and 2022 in terms of the 850‐hPa temperature and 300‐hPa RWP amplitude absolute errors, the aforementioned summer biases remain qualitatively similar.
Ramucirumab‐induced ascites with endothelial growth factor receptor mutation‐positive non‐small cell lung cancer: Two case reports
Authors: Shiraha Keisuke , Tamura Tomoki , Koyanagi Taisaku , Umeno Takahiro , Nishii Kazuya , Kuyama Shoichi
Published: October 2024

Ramucirumab (RAM) has been approved for the treatment of non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Here, we report two cases of RAM‐induced ascites with epidermal growth factor receptor‐mutant NSCLC. Patient 1, a 72‐year‐old man, developed ascites 20 months after erlotinib (ERL) and RAM administration, which resolved after their discontinuation and performing paracentesis. Patient 2, an 83‐year‐old woman, developed ascites 9 months after ERL and RAM administration, which resolved after RAM discontinuation and furosemide administration. Ramucirumab administration can cause ascites due to increased hepatic sinusoidal pressure. Clinicians should be aware of RAM‐induced ascites in patients with NSCLC and should appropriately manage it.
Successful treatment of large hemoptysis and pseudoaneurysm of the pulmonary artery associated to oesophagomediastinal fistula with amphotericin B cholesterol sulfate complex: A case report
Authors: Chen Zhujun , He Jian , Huang Qin , Liang Peiqiang , Gong Liang , Pi Qiangzhong
Published: October 2024

Oesophagomediastinal fistula is uncommon. Oesophageal fistulas, may manifest as recurrent pneumonias. While pulmonary infections can lead to pulmonary artery pseudoaneurysms (PAPs), particularly in fungal infections. PAPs pose a rupture risk, potentially causing life‐threatening hemoptysis. We report a unique case of a 45‐year‐old male who presented with sudden cough, dyspnea, and hemoptysis. Bronchoscopy triggered massive hemoptysis, necessitating emergency embolization. Persistent hemoptysis prompted further imaging, revealing an aneurysmal dilation located next to the spine and infectious lesions, suggesting an oesophagomediastinal fistula. After initiating therapy with Amphotericin B Cholesterol Sulfate Complex and fistula closure, the patient's hemoptysis resolved, with imaging resolution of the PAP. Long‐term Voriconazole therapy ensured continued improvement. This case highlights the rarity and severity of such fistulas may be associated with fungal infections and PAPs, emphasizing the importance of prompt recognition, aggressive treatment for favourable outcomes.
Translations of climate change consequences at the local level: Climate change adaptation in Bergen and Stavanger municipalities in Norway
Authors: Morsut Claudia , Engen Ole Andreas , Neby Simon , Angell Elisabeth
Published: October 2024

This paper uncovers a local‐level approach to the likely adverse effects of climate change through climate change policies, measures and practices concerning climate change adaptation. The study is sustained by the literature that addresses climate change through a securitization lens, which has identified security discourses on climate change in terms of threat or risk. To understand the origin of local discourse, we have adopted the concepts of translations and translation zones from security studies, allowing us to define encounters between different conceptual expressions of ways to handle threats and risks. In this paper, ‘translations’ mean negotiations of meanings between security, threat and risk, and ‘translation zones’ indicate where these negotiations take place. Discourses are studied in the two Norwegian municipalities of Bergen and Stavanger. Both experience similar consequences of climate change and are bound to follow national laws and regulations for developing adaptive responses. Despite these similarities, translations and translation zones unveil differences in the organisation of adaptation work. Risk discourses thus allow several possible translation pathways, and adaptation remains a distinctly local phenomenon despite commonalities in risk discourse and translation processes.
Climate adaptation in multi‐level governance systems: Security, risk, or normal politics?
Authors: Barquet Karina , Englund Mathilda , Rhinard Mark
Published: October 2024

Using a securitization lens, this article explores the climate adaptation discourse and its impact on the making and implementation of adaptation strategies in Sweden. The main goal is to discern whether climate change is understood and addressed as a security issue within Swedish climate adaptation policy, examining its practical implications from national to local levels. We scrutinize the discourses employed to frame climate adaptation and assess whether these align with threatification, riskification, or normal politics. We explore the actors and tools involved in creating this framing. Our findings reveal examples of threat‐ and risk‐oriented securitizations of climate adaptation strategy; however, most evidence highlights discourses and practices associated with normal politics across governance levels. Nationally, climate adaptation is managed akin to any other policy domain. Prioritization of adaptation goals takes place through centralized decision‐making, then monitored through accountability mechanisms spanning national, subregional, and local levels. The national government maintains financial and monitoring control throughout this chain. Municipalities possess significant autonomy in determining the means and methods to achieve adaptation objectives. This indicates that some securitization, but mainly normal policymaking, describes climate change adaption in Sweden ‐ an outcome strongly influenced by organizational fragmentation, scarce resources, and a pronounced role for experts.
2‐Chloroquinolinyl‐thiazolidine‐2,4‐dione Hybrids as Potential α‐Amylase Inhibitors: Synthesis, Biological Evaluations, and In Silico Studies
Authors: Karmur Sheetal B. , Dholariya Monil P. , Patel Anilkumar S. , Karmur Manisha B. , Maliwal Deepika , Pissurlenkar Raghuvir R. S. , Bhalodia Jasmin J. , Kaneria Mital J. , Ambasana Mrunal , Bapodra Atul H. , Kapuriya Naval P.
Published: October 2024

Recently, molecular hybridization strategy has paved a way to develop novel lead compounds for the α‐amylase targeted antidiabetic therapy. In this study, we disclosed a series of new hybrids of thiazolidine‐2,4‐diones with 2‐chloroquinoline‐3‐yl moiety as potential antidiabetic agents. The molecular structures of all the synthesized hybrids (15a–n) were confirmed by spectroscopic studies (FT‐IR, ESI‐MS, 1H, 13C NMR, and elemental analysis). When in vitro antidiabetic evaluation of these agents was carried out in a dose‐dependent manner, it was revealed that several compounds (15f–h, 15j, and 15n) were endowed with significant antidiabetic activities and exhibited more than 50% α‐amylase inhibition at a dose of 50 µg/mL. Particularly, hybrid 15n was found to be more potent than acarbose with 95% inhibition of α‐amylase and IC50 of 5.00 ± 0.18 µM under given conditions. Further, it was demonstrated that 15n bearing 2‐chloroquinolinyl and thiazolidin‐2,4‐dione scaffolds functionalized with 3‐OMe and 4‐OH groups was not only able to effectively bind with α‐amylase receptor site with best docking score (−9.644 kcal/mol) but also possessed drug‐likenesses properties with no violations of Lipinski rule. Overall, this study discovered new 2‐chloroquinolinyl‐thiazolidine‐2,4‐diones hybrids as novel α‐amylase inhibitors and compound 15n as promising lead for its further development as antidiabetic agent.
Diagnosis of Prostate Cancer Metastasis via Extracellular Vesicles Isolated Using Two‐Phase Interface as Membrane‐Less Filter
Authors: Lim Minyeob , Shin Hyunwoo , Jeong Hwapyeong , Kwon Yongmin , Kim Meeyoung , Lee Jiyoul , Park Jaesung
Published: October 2024

Extracellular vesicles (EVs), nano‐sized particles secreted by cells, are increasingly recognized as promising biomarkers. However, the isolation and purification of EVs need improvement, impeding their practical application. Aqueous two‐phase systems (ATPS) offer a method to separate EVs with high purity and yield compared to other techniques, yet the unclear isolation mechanism limits efficiency. To elucidate the separation process and enhance ATPS‐based EV isolation, Kramers' theory and Fick's law are employed. The simulations and experiments reveal that the liquid–liquid interface in ATPS acts as a size cut‐off filter for EVs, functioning without a membrane. It is discovered that rapid transport of particles to the interface is crucial for fast isolation, but this transport in separated phases relies solely on diffusion, which slows the process. To address this, a vortex is introduced to enhance particle movement through convection, significantly improving efficiency. This method achieves over 80% recovery of EVs from blood plasma and removes more than 90% of low‐density lipoprotein, high‐density lipoprotein, and albumin within an hour. Applying this ATPS‐based membrane‐less filter to plasma from prostate cancer patients, concentrations of markers on EVs are quantified. Using machine learning, metastatic and non‐metastatic prostate cancer are distinguished with greater accuracy than the traditional PSA‐based method.
Machine Learning‐Enabled Nanoscale Phase Prediction in Engineered Poly(Vinylidene Fluoride)
Authors: Babu Anand , Abraham B. Moses , Naskar Sudip , Ranpariya Spandan , Mandal Dipankar
Published: October 2024

Engineered poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) with its diverse crystalline phases plays a crucial role in determining the performance of devices in piezo‐, pyro‐, ferro‐ and tribo‐electric applications, indicating the importance of distinct phase‐detection in defining the structure‐property relation. However, traditional characterization techniques struggle to effectively distinguish these phases, thereby failing to offer complete information. In this study, multimodal data‐driven techniques have been employed for distinguishing different phases with a machine learning (ML) approach. This developed multimode model has been trained from empirical to theoretical data and demonstrates a classification accuracy of >94%, 15% more noise resilience, and 11% more accuracy from unimodality. Thus, from conception to validation, an alternative approach is provided to autonomously distinguish the different PVDF phases and eschew repetitive experiments that saved resources, thus accelerating the process of materials selection in various applications.
Long‐Term Resistance to Phase Change‐Induced Wetting Transition on Biphilic Armored Superhydrophobic Surfaces
Authors: Liu Zhenda , Wang Dagui , Zhang Wei , Gao Shan , Shen Yang , Shi Zhenxu , Lu Binyang , Wang Dehui , Deng Xu
Published: October 2024

Material surfaces maintaining a liquid super‐repellent is crucial in fields such as anti‐fouling, drag reduction, and heat transfer. Superhydrophobic surfaces provide an effective approach but suffer from phase change‐induced wetting transitions, hindering their practical applications. In this work, Biphilic armored superhydrophobic surfaces (BASS) are designed by integrating hydrophilic interconnected surface frames with superhydrophobic nanostructures. The hydrophilic top of the frame provides spatial selectivity for condensate droplet nucleation, and superhydrophobic nanostructures enable staying dry. Further growth, coalescence, jumping, and roll‐off of the condensate droplets on BASS, show remarkable resistance to phase change‐induced wetting transition. It still maintains stable superhydrophobicity when exposed to 100 °C of steam for 240 h, at least two orders of magnitude improvement over traditional superhydrophobic surfaces. Such a designing BASS provides an effective approach to address the phase change‐induced wetting transition, thereby extending the practical application in the fields of condensation heat transfer, anti‐fouling, and fluid transportation of superhydrophobic surfaces.
Hybrid Protocells Based on Coacervate‐Templated Fatty Acid Vesicles Combine Improved Membrane Stability with Functional Interior Protocytoplasm
Authors: Lee Jessica , Pir Cakmak Fatma , Booth Richard , Keating Christine D.
Published: October 2024

Prebiotically‐plausible compartmentalization mechanisms include membrane vesicles formed by amphiphile self‐assembly and coacervate droplets formed by liquid–liquid phase separation. Both types of structures form spontaneously and can be related to cellular compartmentalization motifs in today's living cells. As prebiotic compartments, they have complementary capabilities, with coacervates offering excellent solute accumulation and membranes providing superior boundaries. Herein, protocell models constructed by spontaneous encapsulation of coacervate droplets by mixed fatty acid/phospholipid and by purely fatty acid membranes are described. Coacervate‐supported membranes form over a range of coacervate and lipid compositions, with membrane properties impacted by charge–charge interactions between coacervates and membranes. Vesicles formed by coacervate‐templated membrane assembly exhibit profoundly different permeability than traditional fatty acid or blended fatty acid/phospholipid membranes without a coacervate interior, particularly in the presence of magnesium ions (Mg2+). While fatty acid and blended membrane vesicles are disrupted by the addition of Mg2+, the corresponding coacervate‐supported membranes remain intact and impermeable to externally‐added solutes. With the more robust membrane, fluorescein diacetate (FDA) hydrolysis, which is commonly used for cell viability assays, can be performed inside the protocell model due to the simple diffusion of FDA and then following with the coacervate‐mediated abiotic hydrolysis to fluorescein.
Hydrogen Confinement in Hexagonal Boron Nitride Bubbles Using UV Laser Illumination
Authors: Tijent Fatima Z. , Bouzourâa Montassar B. , Ottapilakkal Vishnu , Perepeliuc Andre , Gujrati Rajat , Vuong Phuong , Sundaram Suresh , Faqir Mustapha , Voss Paul L. , Salvestrini Jean‐Paul , Ougazzaden Abdallah
Published: October 2024

Hexagonal boron nitride (h‐BN) bubbles are of significant interest to micro‐scale hydrogen storage thanks to their ability to confine hydrogen gas molecules. Previous reports of h‐BN bubble creation from grown h‐BN films require electron beams under vacuum, making integrating with other experimental setups for hydrogen production impractical. Therefore, in this study, the formation of h‐BN bubbles is demonstrated in a 20 nm h‐BN film grown on a sapphire substrate with a 213 nm UV laser beam. Using atomic force microscopy, it is shown that longer illumination time induces larger h‐BN bubbles up to 20 µm with higher density. It is also demonstrated that h‐BN bubbles do not collapse for more than 6 months after their creation. The internal pressure and gravimetric storage capacity of h‐BN bubbles are reported. A maximum internal pressure of 41 MPa and a gravimetric storage capacity of 6% are obtained. These findings show that h‐BN bubbles can be a promising system for long‐term hydrogen storage.
Turning Microenvironments of Porous Co─N─C Catalysts Enable Efficient Fenton‐Like Reaction
Authors: Yao Yiyuan , Xiao Chengming , Guo Xin , Liu Chuquan , Zhao Wenyu , Yang Xuran , Gao Jianmin , Zhu Zhigao , Yang Yue , Zhou Yujun , Qi Junwen , Li Jiansheng
Published: October 2024

Metal nitrogen carbon (MNC)‐based Fenton reactions leveraged with robust peroxymonosulfate (PMS) interaction effectively guarantee the elimination of refractory contaminants, yet the precise design of local microenvironment of MNC to couple with the multiple PMS activation pose major challenges. Herein, a porous Co single‐atom catalyst (SAC) with nitrogen defects (Nv) (MCo/NC‐6) is fabricated to initiate PMS oxidation reaction. The weaker but richer coordination between Co and N in the precursor facilitates the formation of Nv and porous structure during pyrolysis, achieving simultaneously electronic structure and spatial distribution tuning. Compared with the Co SAC (ZCo/NC‐6), the optimized MCo/NC‐6 significantly increase the bisphenol A (BPA) reactivity (k = 0.63 min−1), PMS utilization (78%), and singlet oxygen (1O2) yield (100%) by 15.3, 2.4, and 2.6 times, respectively. Experimental analyses and theoretical calculations reveal that the Co─N─C coordination regulated by both micro space and neighboring Nv is endowed high‐mobility electrons, thus synergistically facilitating rapid generation and efficient utilization of 1O2. This work promises new opportunities for the design of local microenvironments‐regulated SACs, and charts new trajectories in complex Fenton‐like systems.
2D g‐C3N5 p‐Doping of Donor Material for High‐Efficiency Organic Solar Cells
Authors: Yang Song , Yu Bo , Yu Huangzhong
Published: October 2024

Molecular doping of organic semiconductor is a great strategy for significantly regulating the electronic band structure of organic semiconductor while increasing charge mobility and carrier concentration. Here, a facile strategy is presented by introducing 2D g‐C3N5 as a p‐dopant into PM6, improving the charge mobility and hole carrier concentration of PM6. Moreover, the electron transfer between PM6 and g‐C3N5 can effectively downshift the Fermi energy level and highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) energy level of PM6, which leads to the increase the built‐in electric field of organic solar cells (OSCs). The addition of g‐C3N5 also effectively enhances the crystallization of active layer, thereby improving the stability of OSCs. As a result, a champion bulk‐heterojunction (BHJ) and layer‐by‐layer (LbL) structure OSCs are successfully achieved featuring a high‐power conversion efficiency of 18.10%/18.25%, simultaneously having excellent device stability. This work shows that introducing a low concentration dopant into organic donor is an effective method for improving the electrical performance of organic donor and the efficiency of OSCs.
Optimization of Hydrogen Utilization and Process Efficiency in the Direct Reduction of Iron Oxide Pellets: A Comprehensive Analysis of Processing Parameters and Pellet Composition
Authors: Perrone Angelo , Cavaliere Pasquale , Sadeghi Behzad , Dijon Leandro , Laska Aleksandra
Published: October 2024

The article deals with the H2 consumption for different processing conditions and the composition of the processed pellets during the direct reduction process. The experiments are carried out at 600–1300 °C, with gas pressures of 1–5 bar, gas flow rates of 1–5 L min−1, and basicity indices of 0 to 2.15. Pellets with different compositions of TiO2, Al2O3, CaO, and SiO2 are analyzed. The gas flow rate is crucial, with 0–10 L min−1 leading to an H2 consumption of 0–5.1 kg H2/kg pellet. The gas pressure (0–10 bar) increases the H2 consumption from 0 to 5.1 kg H2/kg pellet. Higher temperatures (600–1300 °C) reduce H2 consumption from 5.1 to 0 kg H2/kg pellet, most efficiently at 950–1050 °C, where it decreases from 0.22 to 0.10 kg H2/kg pellet. An increase in TiO2 content from 0% to 0.92% lowers H2 consumption from 0.22 to 0.10 kg H2/kg pellet, while a higher Fe content (61–67.5%) also reduces it. An increase in SiO2 content from 0% to 3% increases H2 consumption from 0 to 5.1 kg H2/kg pellet. Porosity structure influences H2 consumption, with the average pore size decreasing from 2.83 to 0.436 mm with increasing TiO2 content, suggesting that micropores increase H2 consumption and macropores decrease it.
Automatic damage detection and segmentation using deep learning algorithms in reinforced concrete structure inspections
Authors: Wang Jiehui , Ueda Tamon
Published: October 2024

Traditional methods of detecting concrete damage, such as manual inspection, are typically slow, labor‐intensive, and subjective. Integrating deep learning algorithms has automated this process, representing a significant advance in building damage inspection. Semantic segmentation, a technique within deep learning, is increasingly recognized for its capability to identify the location and shape of concrete damage accurately. Unlike basic deep learning approaches like classification and object detection, semantic segmentation not only recognizes damage but also delineates its boundaries, and has great potential in facilitating dimension measurement. However, multi‐level, high‐precision detection for various structural damage assessments remains an area requiring further research. This study created a database of reinforced concrete surfaces with pixel‐level, multi‐category semantic segmentation annotations for various levels of component damage, including cracks and spalling of concrete, exposure, buckling, fracture of reinforcing bars, etc. The performance of advanced deep learning segmentation algorithms, including U‐Net, DeepLab, K‐Net, and FastSCNN, was consequently trained and evaluated in detecting various types of concrete damage. All models show good accuracy of more than 98%, but lower F1 scores around 70%. U‐Net and K‐Net demonstrate relatively stable performance, indicating a certain degree of consistency and a high‐performance peak. In contrast, DeepLabv3's F1 score fluctuates significantly, suggesting the model may suffer from overfitting or other stability issues during training, resulting in a relatively low average performance. FastSCNN exhibits the highest potential, achieving the highest F1 score. In addition, this study also tested the performance of each model on new damage images and explored the impact of the dataset proportion ratio (training set vs. validation set), contributing to providing insights into each algorithm's suitability for various inspection scenarios. Finally, perspectives on current challenges and future directions in the field have also been given.
Using cross‐country datasets for association mapping in Arachis hypogaea L.
Authors: Okaron Velma , Mwololo James , Gimode Davis M. , Okello David K. , Avosa Millicent , Clevenger Josh , Korani Walid , Ssemakula Mildred Ochwo , Odong Thomas L. , Odeny Damaris A.
Published: October 2024

Groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.) is one of the most important climate‐resilient oil crops in sub‐Saharan Africa. There is a significant yield gap for groundnut in Africa because of poor soil fertility, low agricultural inputs, biotic and abiotic stresses. Cross‐country evaluations of promising breeding lines can facilitate the varietal development process. The objective of our study was to characterize popular test environments in Uganda (Serere and Nakabango) and Malawi (Chitala and Chitedze) and identify genotypes with stable superior yields for potential future release. Phenotypic data were generated for 192 breeding lines for yield‐related traits, while genotypic data were generated using skim‐sequencing. We observed significant variation (p < 0.001; p < 0.01; p < 0.05) across genotypes for all yield‐related traits: days to flowering (DTF), pod yield (PY), shelling percentage, 100‐seed weight, and grain yield within and across locations. Nakabango, Chitedze, and Serere were clustered as one mega‐environment with the top five most stable genotypes being ICGV‐SM 01709, ICGV‐SM 15575, ICGV‐SM 90704, ICGV‐SM 15576, and ICGV‐SM 03710, all Virginia types. Population structure analysis clustered the genotypes in three distinct groups based on market classes. Eight and four marker‐trait associations (MTAs) were recorded for DTF and PY, respectively. One of the MTAs for DTF was co‐localized within an uncharacterized protein on chromosome 13, while another one (TRv2Chr.11_3476885) was consistent across the two countries. Future studies will need to further characterize the candidate genes as well as confirm the stability of superior genotypes across seasons before recommending them for release.
Study on Seroprevalence and Leptospiral Antibody Distribution Among Livestock Breeders and Farmers in Golestan Province
Authors: Naderi Malihe , Sofiani Vahideh Hamidi , Hoseinpour Reza , Alborzi Amir Mohammad , Soltani Seyed Amir
Published: October 2024

Background

The high prevalence of leptospirosis in humans is of great public health concern, particularly in tropical and subtropical regions.

Objective

This study aimed to determine the seroprevalence of leptospiral antibodies and the distribution of serovars in livestock breeders and farmers in Golestan province.

Methods

Seventy samples of serum collected from farmers and ranchers suspected of leptospirosis were examined using an ELISA method for surveying Immunoglobulin M (IgM) anti‐leptospiria. Also from samples, DNA was extracted and PCR was performed using by primers for 16s rRNA. Demographic properties of positive patients were analysed.

Results

Chi‐square statistical test shows a statistically significant difference between the gender and prevalence leptospirosis (p‐value = 0.004). Also, by examining the age, it was shown that 68.57% of patients are in the middleaged rang. According to the results obtained from the study and investigation of blood serum IgM‐and Immunoglobulin G (IgG) in people suspected of leptospirosis, 3 cases of the patients had IgM higher than 11 and were known to be positive for leptospirosis. Also, by examining the IgG level of patients, 5 cases had intermediate results, and 2 cases were found to be positive for IgG. The PCR results showed that 41.42% of patients tested positive for the 16s rRNA.

Conclusion

Leptospirosis is a common disease among farmers, and in Golestan province, considering traditional farming methods, it is considered an important infectious disease. Therefore, health and safety measures should be expanded to control and prevent this disease. Also, by employing mechanised agricultural methods, the prevalence of leptospirosis in this region can be significantly reduced.
Critical lateral‐torsional buckling loads of porous orthotropic rectangular beams containing warping effects
Authors: Turan Ferruh
Published: October 2024

Due to their elemental porosity, porous materials display individual mechanical properties, rendering them essential components in various engineering applications. So, this study investigates the lateral‐torsional buckling (LTB) sensitivity of porous orthotropic rectangular beams subjected to a concentrated load, including the warping effects. Porosity‐dependent material properties vary along the beam's height via four different porosity distribution patterns. The constitutive equations are obtained using the principle of virtual work based on the classical beam theory containing the warping effect, and the governing equations are solved by performing the Ritz method to obtain the critical LTB load. The porous orthotropic beams and the warping effects add complexity to the analysis. So, the influence of some parameters, such as porosity coefficients, porosity distribution patterns, orthotropy, height‐to‐width ratio, slenderness ratio, and warping coefficients, on the LTB characteristics of porous orthotropic rectangular beams are investigated in detail. The novelty of this study lies in its comprehensive LTB analysis of orthotropic rectangular beams under specific effects, such as porosity and warping factors. The findings offer valuable insights into the LTB characteristics of orthotropic porous beams, contributing to an improved comprehension of their structural behavior and facilitating the design of engineering structures. This study contributes to the composite materials and structural stability analysis, offering potential applications in many engineering domains.
Rejection of Guilt
Authors: Troschke Hagen
Published: October 2024

Holocaust-related rejection of guilt (Schuldabwehr) is an argumentative strategy that aims to absolve three groups of people from guilt: (1) perpetrators, (2) people who benefited from the Holocaust (3) those who did not oppose the Holocaust. The rejection of one’s own guilt or that of others serves as a moral and legal exoneration. It seeks to make it possible to leave the past, bad conscience, shame or horror behind, and to live in an undisturbed social normality. It serves to enable continued identification with a group that supposedly behaved with integrity during the Nazi era, facilitates perpetrators’ escape from criminal prosecution and looks to resurrect pride in a nation untainted by its historical crimes. Rejection of guilt is a form of antisemitism because it trivialises or denies responsibility for the biggest antisemitic crime in history and thereby attempts to absolve those involved in the Holocaust in one way or the other or to minimise the extent of their participation. Moreover, it is a mockery of the victims of a crime, in which no one wants to have been involved.
Jewish Privilege and the “Free Pass”
Authors: Placzynta Karolina
Published: October 2024

The two contradictory elements of antisemitic narratives portray Jews as inferior and lesser on the one hand, and influential or powerful on the other. The stereotype of Jewish privilege highlights the latter aspect: it fosters the idea that Jews, Israelis or the State of Israel enjoy a certain amount of advantage over others, and that they benefit from a more favourable or more lenient treatment. What is more, they are supposedly convinced of their own superiority, and as a result expect to be granted a special status or protection, or are indignant if this is not the case.
Calls for Boycott of Israel and Support for BDS
Authors: Troschke Hagen
Published: October 2024

Boycott efforts against Israel as part of the political conflict between Arabs and Jews in the region have a long history. Boycotts were organised at the Fifth Palestine Arab Congress, during the Arab Revolt in Palestine, at the World Islamic Congress, the Bloudan Conference and by the Arab League. The Boycott, Divestment, Sanctions (BDS) movement was founded in 2005 with the stated goals of achieving an end to the occupation and colonisation of all Arab lands and a right of return for the Palestinian refugees of 1948 and their descendants, as well as mobilising international support for this. While these demands ostensibly relate to human rights, they pursue a further agenda. At first, this agenda is based on a strategic ambiguity that leaves open what is meant by all Arab lands. Those who can rally behind this demand include both supporters who advocate an end to the occupation and settlements in the West Bank, and those in the BDS movement who propagate the dissolution of Israel as a state—including the militant groups who share the BDS founding call and seek a violent end to Israel in favour of a Palestinian state on that territory.
Plenoptic Reconstruction
Authors: Fang Lu
Published: October 2024

Empowered by advanced plenoptic sensing systems, light-field imaging becomes one of the most extensively used methods for capturing 3D views of a scene. In contrast to the traditional input to a 3D graphics system, namely, scenes consisting of pre-defined geometric primitives with different materials and sets of lights, the input to a light field is only a set of 2D images which are informative and cost effective. Unfortunately, due to the limited sensor resolution, existing systems must balance the spatial and angular resolution, i.e., one can obtain dense sampling images in the spatial dimension but only sparse sampling images in the angular (viewing angle) dimension or vice versa.
Toward Large-Scale Plenoptic Reconstruction
Authors: Fang Lu
Published: October 2024

Reconstructing real-world scenes with unparalleled levels of realism and detail has been a long-standing goal in the fields of computer vision and graphics. Achieving this goal necessitates coordinated efforts in both sensing techniques and plenoptic reconstruction algorithms.
Improving Dam Safety Using Optical Fiber Seismic Sensing
Authors: Martelli Cicero , Chen Xinjian , da Silva Jean Carlos Cardozo , Dreyer Uilian José , Bazzo João Paulo , Pipa Daniel Rodrigues , Teixeira Sidnei Helder Cardoso , Macioski Gustavo , de Barros Alessandra , Bongiolo Silva , Brusamarello Beatriz , Kulik Larissa Wierzynski , Brunetto Gilson Antônio , Melegari Luis Fernando Pedrozo , Zhang Huiyi , de Oliveira Alexandre Frescki , Bernardy Marcelo Henrique
Published: October 2024

This paper presents seismic measurements at a large hydroelectric power plant dam in the south of Brazil. The seismic measurements were realized using optical fibre distributed sensor system technology and aim at diagnosing possible structural problems inside of the dam. Studies carried out at a laboratory scale dam using geophones as well as optical fiber sensors are also presented. Results are very promising and indicate the potential of the technology using both active and passive seismic techniques to solve major monitoring problems that cannot be addressed by today’s technology.
Assessing the Impact of Dongzhuang Water Conservancy Hub on Vegetation Ecological Distribution Based on Numerical Simulation and Machine Learning
Authors: Ge Mengyan
Published: October 2024

The current assessment of the ecological benefit of reservoirs commonly lacks quantitative calculation of actual ecological distribution. The spatial distribution prediction of vegetation growth generally requires the concurrent application of multiple numerical models, which are complicated and involve numerous parameters. This research comprehensively utilized a surface hydrodynamics numerical model and machine learning method to construct a flow-based vegetation growth prediction model. The ecological impact during the storage period and regulation period after the completion of the Dongzhuang Water Conservancy Hub was calculated and analyzed. The results indicate that the regulation period after the construction of the reservoir has a minor impact on vegetation growth in comparison to pre-construction flow conditions in the normal flow years. The limited extent and magnitude of regional NDVI decline induced by the reservoir storage period will gradually recover after the beginning of reservoir regulation. The formulated vegetation growth prediction model can reflect the relevant influence processes on NDVI to a certain extent and alleviate the complexity of prediction.
Chern-Simons theory, decomposition, and the A model
Authors: Pantev Tony , Sharpe Eric , Yu Xingyang
Published: October 2024

Abstract

In this paper, we discuss how gauging one-form symmetries in Chern-Simons theories is implemented in an A-twisted topological open string theory. For example, the contribution from a fixed H/Z bundle on a three-manifold M, arising in a BZ gauging of H Chern-Simons, for Z a finite subgroup of the center of H, is described by an open string worldsheet theory whose bulk is a sigma model with target a Z-gerbe (a bundle of one-form symmetries) over T∗M, of characteristic class determined by the H/Z bundle. We give a worldsheet picture of the decomposition of one-form-symmetry-gauged Chern-Simons in three dimensions, and we describe how a target-space constraint on bundles arising in the gauged Chern-Simons theory has a natural worldsheet realization. Our proposal provides examples of the expected correspondence between worldsheet global higher-form symmetries, and target-space gauged higher-form symmetries.
Bulk-induced D-brane deformations and the string coupling constant
Authors: Maccaferri Carlo , Ruffino Alberto , Vošmera Jakub
Published: October 2024

Abstract

We consider computing the on-shell disk action of open-closed string field theory as a gauge-invariant way of capturing the shift in D-brane tension that is induced by a deformation of the bulk CFT. We study the effect of bulk matter deformations (both marginal and relevant) on a wide range of boundary conditions in a number of CFTs up to subleading (two-loop) order in perturbation theory. In all analyzed examples, we find that the shift in the g-function of the matter boundary state is always accompanied by a boundary-independent shift in the string coupling constant, whose leading behaviour is universally proportional to the sphere two-point function of the deforming bulk operator.
4D printing of magnetoresponsive soft gripper and phenomenological approach for required magnetical actuation field
Authors: Kehret Daniel , Junk Stefan , Einloth Henning , Rapp Bastian E.
Published: October 2024

4D printing is the next step in additive manufacturing. Magnetoresponsive materials facilitate the creation of gripping tools through 4D printing, allowing for structural changes in response to external stimuli. In this study, the structural change is manifested as motion, triggered by an external magnetic field. This technology offers significant advantages in medical and industrial applications, including the printing of life-like moving organ models for medical training and the development of actuators for use in explosive environments. Magnetoresponsive materials are programmed with a magnetic profile and actuated by an external magnetic field. A compound of strontium ferrite microparticles $$SrFe_{12}O_{19}$$

S
r
F

e
12

O
19

($$ \le 20\mu m$$

≤
20
μ
m

) and an elastic polymer (thermoplastic copolyester) with a Hardness of Shore D 40 was produced. A star-shaped body was programmed and actuated by two permanent magnets, each of $$B_r=1.29 - 1.32T$$

B
r

=
1.29
-
1.32
T

. As there is no analytical approach for calculating the required actuation flux density, one has been developed. The approach is verified experimentally by using a Hall probe. It is appropriate to set the field with a Helmholtz coil, despite the utilization of two permanent magnets. The use of a commercial fused filament fabrication printer for the processing of magnetoresponsive materials has been realized here for the first time. The main contributions are the short time constant (around $$t_a=0.1s$$

t
a

=
0.1
s

) for actuation and the repeatability (around $$n=200$$

n
=
200

actuation cycles) of the motion. The feasibility of multiple diverse reprogramming is a step forward in 4D printing. Hence, the post-print programming and the inhomogeneity of the field limit the ease of the presented method.
Analysis of projection welding in relation to the non-parallelism of electrodes
Authors: Mikno Zygmunt
Published: October 2024

The article contains the analysis of projection welding in relation to the non-parallel location (non-parallelism) of electrodes. For a thin-walled flat element, e.g., sheet metal with two embossed projections, calculations were conducted for different angles between the upper electrode and the lower electrode. The calculation involved the use of the SORPAS 3D software. The analysis included the distribution of temperature, power density, electrode displacement, the volume of molten metal in the weld nugget, nugget diameters, and energy supplied to the weld. The article presents the comparison of results obtained for various angles between the electrodes of the welding machine. The results of numerical calculations were verified experimentally through technological welding tests and destructive tests (peeling/metallographic). The convergence of the experimental and numerical results was satisfactory. The tests involved a typical element used in the automotive industry, i.e., a nut with two embossed projections in the flat part. The article represents quite an innovative new approach to multiple-projection welding from a numerical calculation point of view. Such an approach allows the researcher to identify the phenomena taking place in the process. The article also presents a new approach to the analysis of multi-projection welding as regards the non-parallelism of electrodes. The results enabled the determination of phenomena taking place in the multi-projection welding process as well as the boundary conditions in relation to which the process became improper (unstable).
The dynamical Ising-Kac model in 3D converges to $$\Phi ^4_3$$
Authors: Grazieschi P. , Matetski K. , Weber H.
Published: October 2024

We consider the Glauber dynamics of a ferromagnetic Ising-Kac model on a three-dimensional periodic lattice of size

$$(2 N + 1)^3$$

(
2
N
+
1
)

3

, in which the flipping rate of each spin depends on an average field in a large neighborhood of radius

$$\gamma ^{-1}<\!\!< N$$

γ

-
1

<

<
N

. We study the random fluctuations of a suitably rescaled coarse-grained spin field as

$$N \rightarrow \infty $$

N
→
∞

and

$$\gamma \rightarrow 0$$

γ
→
0

; we show that near the mean-field value of the critical temperature, the process converges in distribution to the solution of the dynamical

$$\Phi ^4_3$$

Φ
3
4

model on a torus. Our result settles a conjecture from Giacomin et al. (1999). The dynamical

$$\Phi ^4_3$$

Φ
3
4

model is given by a non-linear stochastic partial differential equation (SPDE) which is driven by an additive space-time white noise and which requires renormalisation of the non-linearity. A rigorous notion of solution for this SPDE and its renormalisation is provided by the framework of regularity structures (Hairer in Invent Math 198(2):269–504, 2014. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00222-014-0505-4). As in the two-dimensional case (Mourrat and Weber in Commun Pure Appl Math 70(4):717–812, 2017), the renormalisation corresponds to a small shift of the inverse temperature of the discrete system away from its mean-field value.
Want a ride? Attitudes towards autonomous driving and behavior in autonomous vehicles
Authors: Del Re Enrico , Sauer Leonie , Polli Marco , Olaverri-Monreal Cristina
Published: October 2024

Research conducted previously has focused on either attitudes toward or behaviors associated with autonomous driving. In this paper, we bridge these two dimensions by exploring how attitudes towards autonomous driving influence behavior in an autonomous car. We conducted a field experiment with twelve participants engaged in non-driving related tasks. Our findings indicate that attitudes towards autonomous driving do not affect participants’ driving interventions in vehicle control and eye glance behavior. Therefore, studies on autonomous driving technology lacking field tests might be unreliable for assessing the potential behaviors, attitudes, and acceptance of autonomous vehicles.