bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Bacterial profiles and multi-drug resistance patterns in bacterial isolates associated with freshwater fish infections
Authors: Abedin Mohammad Zakerin , Jarin Laila , Arfat Md Easin , Rahman Md Sadiqur , Shilpi Rasheda Yasmin
Published: June 2024

Fish and fish products can support 40% of world diets, which meets 60% of the animal protein requisites in Bangladesh. Infections of fishes, along with the continuously elevated emergence of microbial resistance, are the major drawbacks to the massive milestone forward. This investigation aimed to reveal the antimicrobial resistance patterns of the pathogens associated with diverse fish infections. According to Bergey's manual of bacteriological classification, isolated pathogens were provisionally identified at genera levels based on their cultural, morphological, and biochemical characteristics. The Kirby-Bauer (Cockerill and CLSI, 2013) disc diffusion method was exploited to determine the antimicrobial resistance. Pathogenic growths were found in 150 (83.34%) out of 180 samples by Aeromonas spp. (39.33%), Vibrio spp. (16.67%), Flavobacter spp. (14.67%), Edwardsiell spp (12.67%), Pseudomonas spp. (9.33%), Streptococcus spp. (5.55%), and Citrobacter spp. (2%) in Shing (Heteropneustes spp.), Pangus (Pangasius spp.), Pabda (Ompok spp.), Gulsha (Mystus cavasius), Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus), Koi (Cyprinus spp.), Magur (Clarias batrachus), and Tengra (Mystus tengara). Pathogens showed resistance against Amoxicillin (136/150; 90.67%), Chlortetracycline (135/150; 90%), and Erythromycin (134/150; 89.33%), whereas Levofloxacin (138/150; 92%), Ciprofloxacin (123/150; 82%), Neomycin (120/150; 80%), and Colistin (117/150; 78%), exhibited potential effectiveness. A huge frequency of 60% (90 out of 150) of pathogens exhibited as high as 21 antimicrobial resistance patterns towards a minimum of 4 antibiotics and a maximum of 8 antibiotics, whereas Aeromonas spp. isolates were the most prominent. The investigation would provide substantial guidance to veterinarians and animal husbandmen involved in fish cultivation to design therapeutics against infections. Regular and vigorous investigation and implementation of the acquired knowledge would be the only possible solution to halt the rapid increase of antimicrobial resistance.
J. Bangladesh Acad. Sci. 48(1); 61-74: June 2024
Cyclic voltammetric behavior of crystal violet in aqueous solution: Correlation with dissolved states of cetyltrimethylammonium bromide
Authors: Khansur Neamul H , Mahmud Iqbal , Samed A J F , Uddin Md Nizam , Kalam Md Abul , Susan Md Abu Bin Hasan
Published: June 2024

The cyclic voltammetric method was employed to study the electrochemical behavior of aqueous crystal violet in the presence of cetyltrimethylammonium bromide, both below and above the critical micelle concentration. The cyclic voltammograms were highly sensitive to solution pH exhibiting well-defined oxidation and reduction peaks within the pH range of 1.76 to 2.29. The electrochemical potentials and currents indicate the involvement of a set of reactions responsible for the observed voltammograms. The diquinoid of N, N, N’, N’- tetramethylbenzidine was formed, which was reduced to N, N, N’, N’- tetramethylbenzidine. The presence of CTAB profoundly influenced the electrochemical behavior, and responses were found to depend on the dissolved states of CTAB. The electrochemical process was diffusion-controlled and followed a chemical-electrochemical-chemical (CEC) mechanism.
J. Bangladesh Acad. Sci. 48(1); 75-83: June 2024
Unveiling the unknown: a butterfly checklist of the Adampur forest in Bangladesh
Authors: Babu Mohammad Quamruzzaman , Mojumdar Akash , Debbarma Prosenjit , Alom Khurshed , Ul Hasan Md Ashraf
Published: June 2024

Our study focuses on the butterfly checklist of the Adampur forest beat, located in the Rajkandi Reserve Forest of Moulvibazar, Bangladesh. The study was conducted between December 2014 and January 2018 and aimed to document butterfly species in the area. A total of 266 butterfly species belong to 149 genera and 6 families (Papilionidae, Pieridae, Nymphalidae, Lycaenidae, Hesperiidae, and Riodinidae) were recorded. The Lycaenidae family exhibited the highest species richness, comprising 33.08% (n = 88) of the recorded species, while the Riodinidae family was the least prevalent, representing 0.38% (n = 1) of the species. In this study, the butterfly species recorded revealed varying conservation status according to the International Union for Conservation of Nature Bangladesh assessment, with 26.69% listed as Endangered, 30.08% Least Concern, 23.68% Vulnerable, 1.50% Data Deficient, and 18.05% Not Evaluated. These findings offer crucial insights for future butterfly research and conservation in the Adampur forest beat.
J. Bangladesh Acad. Sci. 48(1); 85-97: June 2024
Purification of waste engine oil using raw clay, acid treated clay and clay/activated charcoal
Authors: Rahman Mohammed Mahmudur , Akter Moni , Siddik Abu Bakar , Islam Md Waliul , Afrin Sadia , Afroze Mirola , Khan Mala , Hoque Md Azizul , Mamun Md Al
Published: June 2024

The purification of waste engine oil was conducted utilizing locally available clay in three different forms: raw, acid-treated, and a mixture of clay with activated charcoal. A 72.6% and 70.12% purification efficiency has been achieved when employing raw and acid-treated clay, respectively. However, the purification yield decreased to 64.35% when utilizing a combination of acid-treated clay and activated charcoal. FTIR analysis confirmed the presence of alkanes and alkenes in the purified oil. The NMR and GC-MS analysis identified the presence of linear and branched alkanes and alkenes, as well as substituted-benzene compounds in the purified oil. The density of waste engine oil and the corresponding purified oil was determined to be 0.929 g/mL and 0.825 g/mL, respectively. After purification, the kinematic viscosity decreased from 192 mm2/sec to 70 mm2/sec at 40 °C. The AAS analysis revealed the presence of 13.28 mg/L of lead (Pb) and 91.56 mg/L of chromium (Cr) in the waste engine oil, which significantly decreased to 0.02 mg/L and 0.037 mg/L, respectively, after purification with clay mixed with activated charcoal.
J. Bangladesh Acad. Sci. 48(1); 121-134: June 2024
Comparison of non-monotonic and monotonic potentials for cross-sections and analyzing powers of 6Li elastic scattering on 12C at 30 MeV
Authors: Sujan M Sujan Islam , Alamin M Rubel , Sattar MA , Joarder Shefael K , Tariq A S B , Basak A K
Published: June 2024

The experimental angular distributions of differential cross-section (CS), vector analyzing power (iT11) and tensor analyzing powers (T20, T21 and T22 ) for the 12C(6Li, 6Li)12C elastic scattering at laboratory energy of 30 MeV are simultaneously analyzed in the structure of simple optical model (OM) using shallow Non-Monotonic (NM) and deep Monotonic Woods-Saxon (MWS) potentials. The Pauli-laden energy density functional (EDF) theory which results in NM potentials is also discussed. Equally good fits to the CS, T20, T21, and T22  data are obtained using both NM and MWS potentials. But  iT11data is only reproduced well using NM potentials in OM. The conclusion is that the shallow NM potentials seem better than the deep MWS for simultaneous description of the CS, iT11, T20, T21 and T22 data.
J. Bangladesh Acad. Sci. 48(1); 99-109: June 2024
New wonder materials - exciting technological horizon
Authors: Islam AKM Azharul
Published: June 2024

A significant advancement in materials science has been made with the 2D MXene nanomaterials that were etched from their parent 3D MAX phases. Layered ternary carbide, nitride, and boride compounds with the general formula Mn+1AXn (n=1,2, 3,4 ...) make up the 3D MAX phase materials, where A is an element of Group IIA or IIIA, M is an early transition metal, and X is either C, N, or B. MXene's chemical formula is Mn+1Xn, whereas that of the precursor is Mn+1AXn. The MAX materials have a distinct set of properties that are similar to those of metal and ceramic. They are helpful in the development of high-efficiency engines, thermal systems that can withstand damage, fatigue resistance enhancement, and high-temperature rigidity retention technologies. The 2D MXenes are potentially described as a „wonder material‟ in the class of nanomaterials. Because of their intriguing mechanical properties resulting from their atomically thin dimensions, as well as their unusual electrical and optical properties, these have become the focus of materials research in recent years. These nanomaterials are multilayer electrically conductive materials that are comparable to multilayer graphene. They have been discovered to be beneficial for a variety of applications, such as energy storage materials, composite reinforcement, chemical, environmental, and biological sensors, and electronic devices. The recent advancements in the use of nanomaterials in optoelectronics, field-effect transistors, transparent conductive electrodes and shielding against electromagnetic interference, energy storage, and other fields have been extensively documented. The potential of nanomaterials as a novel ceramic photothermal agent employed in cancer therapy has been revealed by a very recent study on Ti3C2 MXene. The same 2D nanomaterial can be used in water desalination and purification membranes since it has antibacterial qualities and is resistant to bio fouling. The MXene-based piezoresistive sensor is also capable of detecting weak pressures and the slight bending-release actions of humans. It can be applied to recover lost frictional energy from, say, walking or typing-related muscular contractions. Since MAX phases are precursors to MXenes, the former are valuable due to the growing interest in the latter. This review provides an overview of the literature, including the author's own work, from the groundbreaking MXene publication to the present. It provides information on the characteristics, synthesis, crystal structure, and current and future uses of the new wonder materials as well as the MAX phases.
J. Bangladesh Acad. Sci. 48(1); 1-25: June 2024
Ảnh hưởng của kiến thức tài chính kỹ thuật số đến quyết định sử dụng dịch vụ công nghệ tài chính
Authors: Phùng Thái Minh Trang
Published: June 2024

Nghiên cứu kiểm tra sự ảnh hưởng của kiến thức đến quyết định sử dụng dịch vụ công nghệ tài chính . Dựa vào dữ liệu khảo sát 1000 sinh viên đại học Việt Nam, kết quả cho thấy kiến thức tài chính kỹ thuật số ảnh hưởng trực tiếp và gián tiếp đến quyết định sử dụng dịch vụ công nghệ tài chính. Các nhà làm chính sách, nhà trường và phụ huynh cần phối hợp đồng bộ trong việc nâng cao kiến thức tài chính kỹ thuật số cho thế hệ trẻ.
Penguatan Manajemen Keuangan Melalui Pelatihan Community Based Tourism Pada Destinasi Dalan Tegalan (DDT)
Authors: Sukarno Hari , Khusna Khanifatul , Muhsyi Abdul , Fauziyyah Salma , Subagio N. Ari , Priyono Agus
Published: June 2024

Keuangan merupakan salah satu bidang yang memiliki peran sangat penting dalam industri kreatif. Salah satu alasan mengapa manajemen keuangan penting dalam industri kreatif adalah karena sifat yang seringkali tidak terprediksi dari proyek kreatif. Salah satu UMKM di Jawa Timur yang masih exsist adalah wisata Destinasi Dalan Tegalan (DDT). Wisata DDT berada di Dusun Pasinan Desa Karangbendo Kecamatan Lumajang. Wisata ini menggerakkan sebagian besar UMKM sektor kuliner yang berada disekitar wilayah DDT untuk menjawab dilema pasca pandemi Covid 19. Permasalahan DDT saat ini adalah manajemen keuangan yang kurang optimal. Tahapan dalam pengabdian ini meliputi 3 tahapan besar yaitu perencanaan, pelaksanaan dan evaluasi. Kegiatan pelatihan terkait manajemen keuangan UMKM dilakukan di Pendopo Kantor Desa yang diikuti sebanyak 25 orang yaitu POKDARWIS DDT dan pedagang di DDT. Kegiatan berjalan dengan lancar dan memunculkan interaksi yang baik dari peserta pelathian. Pelatihan berhasil dilakukan dengan baik, hal ini ditunjukkan dari peningkatan pengetahuan peserta dimana hasil pretest dan postetst mengalami kenaikan. Peserta pelatihan juga antusias selama proses pelatihan, ditunjukkan dari saat sesi tanya banyak peserta yang mengajukan pertanyaan dan mulai tertarik untuk menyusun laporan keuangan untuk bisnis peserta.
Ways to Protect Equipment from Hydraulic Shock
Authors: Fang Yilin , Kudashev S.
Published: June 2024

The hydraulic equipment is experiencing damage to its components and even the mechanical equipment owing to hydraulic shock induced by a sudden rise in load, resulting in a step reaction in the hydraulic system. An analysis of the hydraulic system is conducted to protect the equipment from the detrimental effects of hydraulic shock. This analysis includes examining components such as the hydraulic damper, centrifugal pump, accumulator, control valve, and others. The primary function of the power component is to mitigate hydraulic stress by altering the pump’s flow rate. The control element initiates the reversing of the valve in the hydraulic system in order to mitigate hydraulic shock. The auxiliary components primarily concentrate on enhancing the efficiency of the accumulator and maximizing the synergistic utilization of damping components. By adjusting the input value, one may regulate the flow rate and pressure of the system. The discussion revolves around finding the most efficient frequency in the shortest amount of time.
Design of Fishing Vessel Lighting System Based on Force-controlled Wind-Solar Complementarity
Authors: Zuo Xiaoyong , Vanin A.
Published: June 2024

This paper focuses on the lighting system of fishing vessels, and the emergence of histograms has brought a new vitality to the development of the lighting of fishing vessels. In this paper, after summarizing the knowledge of wind and solar complementary technology, combined with the design needs to use the configuration control of each part of the control function to put forward a series of control schemes. Explains the background of the project development and its importance and introduces the key technical situation of the wind and light photoelectric complementary and the use of solar wind energy in the ship. Master the wind and solar complementary technology overview and summarized the independent wind power generation system and independent photovoltaic power generation system technology as well as the characteristics and working principle of wind and solar complementary power generation. Obtain the specific parameters of each component, including marine lighting parameters, wind turbine parameters, photovoltaic solar panel power generation parameters, in order to prepare for the simulation afterwards. Software base before simulation, simulation according to the requirements of the design, including the design of wind turbine, photovoltaic solar panels, the design of the fishing boat lighting load, and finally the results of the simulation are analyzed as well as the conclusion.
The Power Circuit of Mechanical Damping Device for Cooling System of 50 kW Pulse Diesel Generator
Authors: Wang Yujia , Mindrov K.
Published: June 2024

Diesel generators have advantages such as high reliability, superior economic performance, and a wide range of applications. However, its working environment is relatively sealed, and it is difficult for the internal heat of the motor to transfer to the outside. Prolonged high temperatures can affect the operational performance of the motor and even cause danger. Therefore, it is necessary to design a reasonable cooling system to ensure its efficient operation within the safe working temperature. The water-cooled cooling system has good heat dissipation performance, consisting of components such as a water pump, radiator, fan, water tank, and temperature controller. By precisely controlling the water flow rate and wind speed, effective control of the internal temperature of the generator is achieved, extending the service life of the equipment. This article studies the power circuit of the mechanical damping device in the cooling system of a 50kW pulse diesel generator, develops heat transfer and hydraulic energy circuits, and constructs the frequency response of the circuit. As the water quality increases in the circuit, the amplitude decreases at low frequencies (less than 4 rad/s) and frequencies close to 10 rad/s, and the amplitude aligns. For one parameter variable, the optimal frequency is 3-4 rad/s.
Methodology for Researching the Synthesis of Transport and Logistics Systems of the Kyrgyz Republic
Authors: Kurmanov U.
Published: June 2024

The article discusses the research methodology for the synthesis of transport and logistics systems, adapted to the specific conditions of the Kyrgyz Republic. The relevance of the study is due to the need to increase the competitiveness of the national economy and realize the country’s transit potential through the creation of an effective logistics infrastructure. The proposed methodology is based on the integrated application of modern theories and concepts from the field of transport logistics, modeling, geographic information systems, intelligent transport systems, as well as the principles of green logistics and sustainable development. Particular attention is paid to taking into account the features of the mountainous terrain of Kyrgyzstan and the need to integrate various modes of transport into multimodal transportation. The methodology provides for the creation of an optimal network of logistics centers and transport hubs that concentrate cargo flows and ensure their efficient processing. The implementation of information technologies and systems is considered as a key factor in the integration of supply chain participants, monitoring of transport flows, modeling and optimization of logistics processes. Successful implementation will create a competitive transport and logistics system, integrated into global supply chains and meeting modern requirements for efficiency and sustainable development.
Legal Regulation of Working Hours in Kyrgyzstan During the Establishment of Soviet Power (1917-1924)
Authors: Andashev U.
Published: June 2024

This article discusses the legal regulation of working hours in Kyrgyzstan during the years of establishing Soviet power as one of the most important directions of Soviet policy in establishing better working conditions and improving the living standards of workers. It examines the first normative acts of government and administration bodies, i. e., the formation of Soviet labor legislation during the radical socio-economic transformations following the October Socialist Revolution of 1917.
Pedagogical Reflection is a Tool for the Professional Development of Future Pedagogical Speciаlists
Authors: Abilova Z. , Menilbaeva K.
Published: June 2024

In modern scientific concepts of reflection, it is given many characteristics. Reflection is a thought process aimed at analyzing, understanding, perceiving oneself, one’s actions, order, words, experiences, feelings, states, characteristics, behavior, attitudes towards oneself and others, etc. According to research scientists, the importance of developing professional reflection of future educational psychologists for the effective formation of their professionalism is emphasized. At the same time, a person’s conscious attitude to his actions, to himself, is formed through reflection, since reflection makes it possible to identify his attitude with an understanding of the essence of truth. It can be concluded that professional reflection can be considered as the highest opportunity in the preparation of a future teacher. Firstly, the future teacher-specialist interacts with other subjects in the process of communication and reflects the communicative aspects of professional reflection. Secondly, the subject is in feedback, where professional reflection characterizes the intellectual aspect. Professional reflection contributes to the formation of generalized ideas about the profession, the content and structure of activities among future teachers and psychologists. The types of reflexes in abstinence of the future personality are also determined. In the context of our research, the problem of the relationship between professional activity and reflection his important theoretical significance, it opens the way to the development of intellectual reflection, personal reflection aimed at self-organization through self-knowledge and introspection, interpersonal reflection through actions on the joint activity of a partner.
Psycholinguistic Features in Advertising Discourse: Understanding the Cognitive Mechanisms behind Persuasion
Authors: Abdullaeva Ch.
Published: June 2024

Advertising discourse is a powerful tool employed by marketers to persuade consumers and drive purchasing behavior. Understanding the psycholinguistic features embedded within advertising messages is crucial for comprehending how these messages influence consumers' cognitive processes and decision-making. This article explores the intricate relationship between psycholinguistics and advertising discourse, shedding light on the cognitive mechanisms that underpin persuasion in marketing communications. Drawing on theoretical frameworks from psycholinguistics, cognitive psychology, and marketing, we examine how linguistic elements such as language choice, rhetorical devices, and semantic priming impact consumers' perception, comprehension, and evaluation of advertisements. Additionally, we discuss the role of psychological principles such as cognitive fluency, persuasion techniques, and emotional appeals in shaping advertising discourse. By elucidating the interplay between language, cognition, and persuasion, this article contributes to a deeper understanding of the mechanisms driving consumer behavior in the context of advertising.
Queue Analysis at Sari Mulia Campus ATM
Authors: Jamhary Jamhary , Tumanggor Agustina Hotma Uli , Triyanto Irfan Rusydi
Published: June 2024

Background: Long queues at ATMs make customers lose because a lot of time is wasted in the waiting process. In the long run, the company's reputation is disrupted, and the number of customers decreases because its service performance decreases and it is less reliable for customers.
Methods: Queue analysis at Sari Mulia Campus ATMs Using Queueing System Method with First In First Out (FIFO) Rule, Single Server-Single Phase.
Results: The probability of service being idle (Po) is 0.55 or 55%. The probability of service not being idle (Pn) is 0.09 or 9%. The average number of customers in the queue (Lq) is 0,39 people. The average number of customers in the system (Ls) is 0,85 people. The average customer waiting time in the queue (Wq) is 0.02 hours or 1.2 minutes per person. The average customer time in the system (Ws) is 0.05 hours or 3 minutes per person. The average customer process time (t) is 0.3 or 1.8 minutes per person.
Conclusion: The waiting time at Sari Mulia Campus ATM is 1.2 minutes, the service rate at Sari Mulia Campus ATM is 37 people/hour, and the processing time at Sari Mulia Campus ATM is 1.8 minutes.
The Effect of Vortex Generators on Spray Deposition and Drift from an Agricultural Aircraft
Authors: Martin Daniel E. , Latheef Mohamed A.
Published: June 2024

Vortex generators (VGs) attached to the leading edge of an agricultural aircraft are purported to control airflow over the upper surface of the wing by creating small vortices that delay boundary layer separation, thereby improving the performance of the aircraft. These devices are commercially available for use in the aviation industry, primarily to increase pilot control of the aircraft. The benefits attributed to VGs remain largely descriptive and anecdotal in nature without rigorous empirical assessment in the field. The intent of this study was to evaluate whether this aerodynamic device could improve deposition or reduce drift when mounted on an agricultural aircraft. Airborne drift and ground deposition were measured with monofilament lines and Mylar cards, respectively. Deposits were expressed as percent of fluorometric response using a spectrofluorophotometer. There were 46% fewer downwind drift deposits on monofilament lines when VGs were installed than when VGs were not installed. Whether or not VGs were installed on the aircraft was the predominant factor which influenced deposition on monofilament lines. Spray deposits on Mylar cards placed at ground level downwind of the applications at three different locations (5, 10, and 20 m) varied significantly (p < 0.0001) between treatments, with corresponding 31, 54, and 61% reductions in downwind deposits when VGs were installed. While these findings overall are positive, this is the first known study of its type, and more research is warranted to better understand the role of vortex generators in the reduction in drift relative to aerially applied sprays.
The Role of Biophysical Factors in Organ Development: Insights from Current Organoid Models
Authors: Wyle Yofiel , Lu Nathan , Hepfer Jason , Sayal Rahul , Martinez Taylor , Wang Aijun
Published: June 2024

Biophysical factors play a fundamental role in human embryonic development. Traditional in vitro models of organogenesis focused on the biochemical environment and did not consider the effects of mechanical forces on developing tissue. While most human tissue has a Young’s modulus in the low kilopascal range, the standard cell culture substrate, plasma-treated polystyrene, has a Young’s modulus of 3 gigapascals, making it 10,000–100,000 times stiffer than native tissues. Modern in vitro approaches attempt to recapitulate the biophysical niche of native organs and have yielded more clinically relevant models of human tissues. Since Clevers’ conception of intestinal organoids in 2009, the field has expanded rapidly, generating stem-cell derived structures, which are transcriptionally similar to fetal tissues, for nearly every organ system in the human body. For this reason, we conjecture that organoids will make their first clinical impact in fetal regenerative medicine as the structures generated ex vivo will better match native fetal tissues. Moreover, autologously sourced transplanted tissues would be able to grow with the developing embryo in a dynamic, fetal environment. As organoid technologies evolve, the resultant tissues will approach the structure and function of adult human organs and may help bridge the gap between preclinical drug candidates and clinically approved therapeutics. In this review, we discuss roles of tissue stiffness, viscoelasticity, and shear forces in organ formation and disease development, suggesting that these physical parameters should be further integrated into organoid models to improve their physiological relevance and therapeutic applicability. It also points to the mechanotransductive Hippo-YAP/TAZ signaling pathway as a key player in the interplay between extracellular matrix stiffness, cellular mechanics, and biochemical pathways. We conclude by highlighting how frontiers in physics can be applied to biology, for example, how quantum entanglement may be applied to better predict spontaneous DNA mutations. In the future, contemporary physical theories may be leveraged to better understand seemingly stochastic events during organogenesis.
Biocorrosion and Cytotoxicity Studies on Biodegradable Mg-Based Multicomponent Alloys
Authors: Sudha Priya , Tun Khin Sandar , Pillai Jisha , Dutta Mainak , Gupta Manoj , Kumar Vincent Shantha
Published: June 2024

Magnesium-based multicomponent alloys with different compositions, namely Mg60Al20Zn5Cu10Mn5 (Mg60 alloy), Mg70Al15Zn5Cu5Mn5 (Mg70 alloy), and Mg80Al5Cu5Mn5Zn5 (Mg 80) alloys, were prepared using the disintegrated melt deposition technique. The DMD technique is a distinctive method that merges the benefits from gravity die casting and spray forming. This approach facilitates high solidification rates, process yields, and reduced metal wastage, resulting in materials with a fine microstructure and minimal porosity. Their potential as biodegradable materials was assessed through corrosion in different simulated body fluids (SBFs), microstructure, and cytotoxicity tests. It was observed that the Mg60 alloy exhibited low corrosion rates (~× 10−5 mm/year) in all SBF solutions, with a minor amount of corrosive products, and cracks were observed. This can be attributed to the formation of the Mg32(AlZn)49 phase and to its stability due to Mg(OH)2 film, leading to excellent corrosion resistance when compared to the Mg70 and M80 alloys. Conversely, the Mg80 alloy exhibited high corrosion rates, along with more surface degradation and cracks, due to active intermetallic phases, such as Al6Mn, Al2CuMg, and Al2Cu phases. The order of corrosion resistance for the Mg alloy was found to be ASS > HBSS > ABP > PBS. Further, in vitro cytotoxicity studies were carried out using MDA-MB-231 tumor cells. By comparing all three alloys, in terms of proliferation and vitality, the Mg80 alloy emerged as a promising material for implants, with potential antitumor activity.
HLA Association among Thai Patients with Diffuse and Limited Cutaneous Systemic Sclerosis
Authors: Louthrenoo Worawit , Kasitanon Nuntana , Wongthanee Antika , Okudaira Yuko , Takeuchi Asuka , Noguchi Hiroshi , Inoko Hidetoshi , Takeuchi Fujio
Published: June 2024

This study aimed to clarify the association of HLA Class I and II with dcSSc and lcSSc in Thais. HLA typing for 11 gene loci (Class I: HLA-A, B and C, and Class II [HLA-DR, DP and DQ]) was carried out using the Next Generation DNA Sequencing method (three fields) in 92 Thai patients with systemic sclerosis (55 dcSSc, 37 lcSSc) and 135 healthy controls (HCs). The distribution of HLA alleles in patients with dcSSc and lcSSc was compared. When compared with HCs, the AF of A*24:02:01, A*24:07:01, B*27:04:01 and B*27:06 showed an increasing trend in lcSSc patients without statistical significance. DRB1*15:02:01, DRB5*01:02:01, DQA1*01:01:01, DQB1*05:01:24, DPA1*02:01:01 and DPB1*13:01:01 increased significantly in dcSSc patients. DQB1*05:01:24 and DPB1*13:01:01 also increased significantly in lcSSc patients, but less significantly than in dcSSc patients. The association of DPB1*05:01:01 with lcSSc was significantly protective. HLA-A*24:02:01, B*27:06 and C*03:04:01 formed a three-locus haplotype that also constituted an eight-locus haplotype with DRB1*15:02:01, DQA1*01:01:01, DQB1*05:01:24, DPA1*02:01:01 and DPB1*13:01:01. There was a possibility that HLA Class I would play a role in the pathogenesis of lcSSc, while Class II played more of a role in the dcSSc in Thai patients.
The Childbirth Experiences of Pregnant Women Living with HIV Virus: Scoping Review
Authors: de Azevedo Andréa Paula , de Rezende Filho Jorge Fonte , Hofer Cristina Barroso , Rego Francisca
Published: June 2024

OBJECTIVE: Understand and explore the childbirth experiences of pregnant women living with HIV (PWLWHIV). With the advent of several measures to decrease the intrapartum HIV infection and a strong emphasis on the humanization of childbirth, there is a growing focus on providing positive childbirth experiences for pregnant women. Indeed, a positive childbirth experience is even more important in the group of pregnant women living with HIV (PWLWHIV) as it plays a pivotal role in enhancing the mother’s adherence to her postpartum treatment and the newborn’s engagement in Infectious Disease services. METHODOLOGY: A scoping review was conducted. Searches were performed on databases, such as MEDLINE, PUBMED, WEB OF SCIENCE and Cochrane Library, using the following keywords: childbirth, birth, parturition, HIV, humaniz*, perceived safety, experience, maternal satisfaction, healthcare professional and midwi*. Articles meeting pre-established criteria were selected within the timeframe of 2013 to 2023 for inclusion in the review. RESULTS: Out of a total of 2,340,391 articles, 4 were chosen based on our defined criteria. Three primary themes emerged from the selected articles: the assessment of childbirth experience quality, vulnerability and autonomy. CONCLUSIONS: The four studies identified had a small sample size and were not adequately conducted with a specific focus on studying the childbirth experience of pregnant women living with HIV (PWLWHIV). This scoping review revealed a gap in the existing literature, indicating a need for further research and clarification in the identified area.
Valorization of Biomass and Industrial Wastes as Alternative Fuels for Sustainable Cement Production
Authors: Rivera Sasso Ofelia , Carreño Gallardo Caleb , Soto Castillo David Martin , Ojeda Farias Omar Farid , Bojorquez Carrillo Martin , Prieto Gomez Carolina , Herrera Ramirez Jose Martin
Published: June 2024

The cement industry contributes around 7% of global anthropogenic carbon dioxide emissions, mainly from the combustion of fuels and limestone decomposition during clinker production. Using alternative fuels derived from wastes is a key strategy to reduce these emissions. However, alternative fuels vary in composition and heating value, so selecting appropriate ones is crucial to maintain clinker quality and manufacturing processes while minimizing environmental impact. This study evaluated various biomass and industrial wastes as potential alternative fuels, characterizing them based on proximate analysis, elemental and oxide composition, lower heating value, and bulk density. Sawdust, pecan nutshell, industrial hose waste, and plastic waste emerged as viable options as they met the suggested thresholds for heating value, chloride, moisture, and ash content. Industrial hose waste and plastic waste were most favorable with the highest heating values while meeting all the criteria. Conversely, wind blade waste, tire-derived fuel, and automotive shredder residue did not meet all the recommended criteria. Therefore, blending them with alternative and fossil fuels is necessary to preserve clinker quality and facilitate combustion. The findings of this research will serve as the basis for developing a computational model to optimize the blending of alternative fuels with fossil fuels for cement production.
Dyadic Prenatal Coparenting Interaction Behaviors Predicting Postpartum Depressive Symptoms during the Transition to Parenthood
Authors: Estlein Roi , Shai Dana
Published: June 2024

Postpartum depressive symptoms constitute a common yet serious complication of pregnancy and childbirth, but research on its association with coparenting is scarce. Furthermore, although coparenting dynamics start forming prior to the child’s birth, no research has explored dyadic prenatal coparenting dynamics as a predictor of postpartum depressive symptoms. The current study assessed how dyadic prenatal coparenting behaviors predicted postpartum depressive symptoms in first-time parents. We conducted a dyadic mixed-method longitudinal study of 107 expectant couples with data collected prenatally, and at 3, 6, and 24 months post-birth. The results indicated that prenatal coparenting dyadic synchrony predicted low levels of depressive symptoms among first-time fathers 3 and 6 months after the birth, and a prenatal coparenting dynamic of dyadic negative escalation predicted high levels of depressive symptoms among first-time mothers at 3 and 24 months postpartum. The theoretical and practical implications are discussed.
Mercury Levels in the Crab Grapsus grapsus across the Galápagos Archipelago
Authors: Jackson George D. , Jackson Christine H. , Brandao Maura , Jackson Adam K. , Espinoza Eduardo , Soria-Carvajal Monica
Published: June 2024

The levels of mercury (Hg) were examined in the leg muscle of the crab Grapsus grapsus from five sites on four islands within the Galápagos archipelago. Mercury values obtained using a Milestone DMA 80 evo direct mercury analyzer varied both within and among sites. Total mercury concentrations (mg kg−1 dry weight) ranged from the lowest at a protected location at Isabela Island (0.06 ± 0.02) to the highest at the San Cristóbal urban location (2.04 ± 0.069). Crabs from South Plaza Island also had surprisingly high levels of mercury with a mean of 1.2 ± 0.6. Values from urban sites at Isabela Island and Academy Bay, Santa Cruz, had intermediate values. When converted to wet weight, crabs from both San Cristóbal and South Plaza were within or above the levels (0.3–0.5 mg kg−1 wet weight set by various government agencies) considered potentially harmful to human health if ingested. A lesser number of both oysters and barnacles were also analyzed for mercury at South Plaza and Academy Bay, and while the values were lower compared to the crabs, they followed the same pattern of elevated levels at South Plaza compared to Academy Bay. It is unclear as to whether the mercury comes from natural sources, such as volcanism, or anthropogenic causes.
Stability Analysis of a Fractional-Order Time-Delayed Solow Growth Model with Environmental Pollution
Authors: Gu Yajuan , Wang Hu
Published: June 2024

Economic growth is resulting in serious environmental problems. Effectively establishing an economic growth model that considers environmental pollution is an important topic. To analyze the interplay between economic growth and environmental pollution, a fractional-order time-delayed economic growth model with environmental purification is proposed in this paper. The established model considers not only the environment and economic production but also the labor force population and total factor productivity. Furthermore, the asymptotic stability conditions and parameter stability interval are provided. Finally, in numerical experiments, the correctness of the theory is verified.
Coding Diagnoses from the Electronic Death Certificate with the 11th Revision of the International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems: An Exploratory Study from Germany
Authors: Stausberg Jürgen , Vogel Ulrich
Published: June 2024

The 11th Revision of the International Statistical Classification of Diseases, Injuries, and Causes of Death (ICD-11) will replace its predecessor as international standard for cause-of death-statistics. The digitization of healthcare is a main motivation for its introduction. In parallel, the replacement of the paper-based death certificate with an electronic format is under evaluation. At the moment, the death certificate is used in paper-based format with ICD-10 for coding in Germany. To be prepared for the switch to ICD-11, the compatibility between ICD-11 and the electronic certificate should be assured. Objectives were to check the appropriateness of diagnosis-related information found on death certificates for an ICD-11 coding and to describe enhancements to the certificate’s structure needed to fully utilize the strengths of ICD-11. As part of an exploratory test of a respective application, information from 453 electronic death certificates were provided by one local health authority. From a sample of 200 certificates, 433 diagnosis texts were coded into the German version of ICD-11. The appropriateness of the results as well as the further requirements of ICD-11, particularly with regard to post-coordination, were checked. For 430 diagnosis texts, 649 ICD-11 codes were used. Three hundred and sixty two diagnosis texts were rated as appropriately represented through the coding result. Almost all certificates contained diagnosis texts that lacked details required by ICD-11 for a precise coding. The distribution of diseases was very similar between ICD-10 and ICD-11 coding. A few gaps in ICD-11 were identified. Information requested by ICD-11 for a mandatory post-coordination were almost entirely absent from the death certificates. The structure and content of the death certificate are currently not well prepared for an ICD-11 coding. Necessary information was frequently missing. The line-oriented structure of death certificates has to be supplemented with a more flexible approach. Then, the semantic knowledge base of ICD-11 should better guide the content related input fields of a future electronic death certificate.
The Benefit of Detecting Reduced Intracellular B12 Activity through Newborn Screening Remains Unclear
Authors: Knöpfli Stella , Goeschl Bernadette , Zeyda Maximilian , Baghdasaryan Anna , Baumgartner-Kaut Margot , Baumgartner Matthias R. , Herle Marion , Margreitter Julian , Poms Martin , Wortmann Saskia B. , Konstantopoulou Vassiliki , Huemer Martina
Published: June 2024

Vitamin B12 (B12) deficiency (B12D) can have detrimental effects on early growth and development. The Austrian newborn screening (NBS) program targets inborn errors of cobalamin metabolism and also detects B12D. Of 59 included neonates with B12D suspected by NBS, B12D was not further investigated in 16 (27%) retrospectively identified cases, not confirmed in 28 (48%), and confirmed in 15 (25%) cases. NBS and recall biomarkers were recorded. Age at sampling of the dried blood spots for NBS and the 1st-tier methionine/phenylalanine ratio were the strongest parameters to predict B12D (67.4% correct allocations). No differences between cases with confirmed, unconfirmed, or unknown B12D or differences to norms were observed for growth and psychomotor development (Vineland III scales, phone interviews with parents of children between months 10 and 14 of life). B12 intake was below recommendations in most mothers. NBS can detect reduced intracellular B12 activity. No advantage of NBS detection and treatment regarding infant cognitive development or growth could be proven. Since conspicuous NBS findings cannot be ignored, and to prevent exposing newborns to invasive diagnostics, assessment of maternal B12 status during pregnancy seems advisable.
Interaction Difference Hypothesis Test for Prediction Models
Authors: Welchowski Thomas , Edelmann Dominic
Published: June 2024

Machine learning research focuses on the improvement of prediction performance. Progress was made with black-box models that flexibly adapt to the given data. However, due to their increased complexity, black-box models are more difficult to interpret. To address this issue, techniques for interpretable machine learning have been developed, yet there is still a lack of methods to reliably identify interaction effects between predictors under uncertainty. In this work, we present a model-agnostic hypothesis test for the identification of interaction effects in black-box machine learning models. The test statistic is based on the difference between the variance of the estimated prediction function and a version of the estimated prediction function without interaction effects derived via partial dependence functions. The properties of the proposed hypothesis test were explored in simulations of linear and nonlinear models. The proposed hypothesis test can be applied to any black-box prediction model, and the null hypothesis of the test can be flexibly specified according to the research question of interest. Furthermore, the test is computationally fast to apply, as the null distribution does not require the resampling or refitting of black-box prediction models.
The Potential Neurological Impact of Intraoperative Hyponatremia Using Histidine–Tryptophan–Ketoglutarate Cardioplegia Infusion in Adult Cardiac Surgery
Authors: Hu Yu-Ning , Hsieh Tsung-Hao , Liang Sheng-Fu , Tsai Meng-Ta , Chien Chung-Yao , Kan Chung-Dann , Roan Jun-Neng
Published: June 2024

Background and Objectives: The relationship between histidine–tryptophan–ketoglutarate (HTK)-induced hyponatremia and brain injury in adult cardiac surgery patients is unclear. This study analyzed postoperative neurological outcomes after intraoperative HTK cardioplegia infusion. Materials and Methods: A prospective cohort study was conducted on 60 adult patients who underwent cardiac surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass. Of these patients, 13 and 47 received HTK infusion and conventional hyperkalemic cardioplegia, respectively. The patients’ baseline characteristics, intraoperative data, brain injury markers, Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) scores, and quantitative electroencephalography (qEEG) data were collected. Electrolyte changes during cardiopulmonary bypass, the degree of hyponatremia, and any associated brain insults were evaluated. Results: The HTK group presented with acute hyponatremia during cardiopulmonary bypass, which was intraoperatively corrected through ultrafiltration and normal saline administration. Postoperative sodium levels were higher in the HTK group than in the conventional cardioplegia group. The change in neuron-specific enolase levels after cardiopulmonary bypass was significantly higher in the HTK group (p = 0.043). The changes showed no significant differences using case–control matching. qEEG analysis revealed a significant increase in relative delta power in the HTK group on postoperative day (POD) 7 (p = 0.018); however, no significant changes were noted on POD 60. The MMSE scores were not significantly different between the two groups on POD 7 and POD 60. Conclusions: HTK-induced acute hyponatremia and rapid correction with normal saline during adult cardiac surgeries were associated with a potential short-term but not long-term neurological impact. Further studies are required to determine the necessity of correction for HTK-induced hyponatremia.
Hepatitis E Virus: What More Do We Need to Know?
Authors: Shahini Endrit , Argentiero Antonella , Andriano Alessandro , Losito Francesco , Maida Marcello , Facciorusso Antonio , Cozzolongo Raffaele , Villa Erica
Published: June 2024

Hepatitis E virus (HEV) infection is typically a self-limiting, acute illness that spreads through the gastrointestinal tract but replicates in the liver. However, chronic infections are possible in immunocompromised individuals. The HEV virion has two shapes: exosome-like membrane-associated quasi-enveloped virions (eHEV) found in circulating blood or in the supernatant of infected cell cultures and non-enveloped virions (“naked”) found in infected hosts’ feces and bile to mediate inter-host transmission. Although HEV is mainly spread via enteric routes, it is unclear how it penetrates the gut wall to reach the portal bloodstream. Both virion types are infectious, but they infect cells in different ways. To develop personalized treatment/prevention strategies and reduce HEV impact on public health, it is necessary to decipher the entry mechanism for both virion types using robust cell culture and animal models. The contemporary knowledge of the cell entry mechanism for these two HEV virions as possible therapeutic target candidates is summarized in this narrative review.
A Brief Review of Some Recent Precision Casimir Force Measurements
Authors: Dhital Madhav , Mohideen Umar
Published: June 2024

Here, we review recent advances in precision Casimir force measurements with both non-magnetic and magnetic materials. In addition, the measurement of the geometric dependence of the Casimir force, both lateral and normal, using uniformly corrugated surfaces is briefly presented. Finally, the measurement of the thermal Casimir force in graphene is discussed.
PROJECT OF ENLIGHTENMENT FREEDOM AND ENSLAVEMENT IN THE PEDAGOGICAL
Authors: Lipin Mykola
Published: June 2024

Actual scientific researches and issues analysis. The study is based on the works of I. Kant, H. Hegel, P. Freire, W. Wozniak, G. Bist, T. Adorno, D. Dewey, J. Rancière, M. Foucault, G. Arendt, M. Heidegger, S. Kierkegaard.
The research objective. The article attempts to trace the logic of the development of education as liberation in the context of the pedagogical project of the Enlightenment and to identify the reasons for its transformation into a repressive instance of enslavement.
The statement of basic material. One of the fundamental ideas of the Enlightenment was the idea of freedom. The Enlightenment laid the foundations for the Western education system and ideas about freedom. The Enlightenment connects the idea of freedom and the development of the human personality with the effectiveness of one's ideals. Thus, it can be argued that the Enlightenment is both a historical period and a process of liberation (“exit”) of man through the formation of the ability and conditions to use his reason.