bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
El escape room virtual: herramienta docente universitaria para el desarrollo de competencias transversales y para la retención del conocimiento
Authors: Salvador-Gómez Alejandro , Escrig-Tena Ana Belén , Beltrán-Martín Inmaculada , García-Juan Beatriz
Published: January 2022

Este trabajo ha obtenido el 1.er Premio Estudios Financieros 2021 en la modalidad de Educación y Nuevas Tecnologías.
El escape room es una actividad de entretenimiento que puede ser aprovechada para fomentar el aprendizaje y las competencias transversales del estudiantado (hombres y mujeres). Las características de este juego son propicias para enganchar al alumnado en la resolución de los retos educativos. Aunque es una herramienta de creciente uso en el ámbito educativo, su aplicación en formato digital en el entorno universitario es relativamente escasa. Este trabajo muestra la experiencia de aplicar un escape room virtual en un grado universitario en España. Los resultados evidencian que el estudiantado experimenta calidad y satisfacción con el juego y sugieren, también, que a través del escape room virtual se pueden lograr objetivos de aprendizaje específicos y desarrollar competencias como la gestión emocional y el trabajo en equipo. Finalmente, discutimos las principales implicaciones y lecciones aprendidas.
Prevalencia de sarcopenia en población adulta mayor en Costa Rica
Authors: Barrientos-Calvo Isabel , Picado-Ovares Ernesto
Published: January 2022

Sarcopenia es la progresiva disminución de la masa y la fuerza muscular. Su prevalencia varía en la literatura por los distintos métodos de medición. Costa Rica no cuenta con datos de su prevalencia.
Objetivo: Determinar la prevalencia de sarcopenia y los factores asociados en adultos mayores de Costa Rica: Estudio de Longevidad y Envejecimiento Saludable.
Métodos: Un subgrupo de 2516 personas adultas mayores. Se utilizaron los criterios diagnósticos del Grupo Europeo de Trabajo sobre la Sarcopenia en Personas Mayores, que incluye baja masa muscular y baja fuerza muscular. Para la masa muscular se utilizó la circunferencia de pantorrilla menor a 31 cm, y para la fuerza muscular una medición por dinamometría, siendo baja fuerza si los hombres tenían <27 kg en la prensión y las mujeres <16 kg.
Resultados: La prevalencia de sarcopenia fue de 10.26%. La tendencia aumentó conforme aumentaba la edad y fue más prevalente en mujeres. La mayoría de los sarcopénicos tuvieron menos ingresos económicos, viven acompañados, se perciben como no saludables, y tienen primaria incompleta. El peso, la circunferencia braquial, abdominal y la circunferencia de pantorrilla fueron menores en las personas con sarcopenia. Asociaciones positivas se encontraron con sarcopenia la edad mayor de 70 años (OR=3,164; IC 1,962-5,101), el nivel educativo (OR 4,264; IC 1,547-11,753), percibirse poco saludable (OR 1,691; IC 1,133-2,525), tener antecedente de enfermedad vascular cerebral (OR 3,221; IC 1,566-6,628), artritis (OR 1,648; IC 1,044-2,601) y caídas (0R 1,676; IC 1,143-2,458).
Conclusiones: La prevalencia de sarcopenia fue 10.26%, similar a otros países de Latinoamerica. Su presencia incrementa con la edad.
A IMPORTÂNCIA DA LUDICIDADE SOBRE A PERSPECTIVA DA PSICOMOTRICIDADE NA EDUCAÇÃO INFANTIL – UM OLHAR REFLEXIVO DO PROFESSOR REGENTE DOS ANOS INICIAIS DO ENSINO FUNDAMENTAL
Authors: Ferreira das Neves Maria , de Souza Dantas Hildeci
Published: January 2022

O artigo aqui referendado trata-se de um olhar reflexivo do professor regente dentro do trabalhar da ludicidade sobre a perspectiva da psicomotricidade na educação infantil nos anos iniciais do ensino fundamental (ensino regular). A proposta a que se refere traduz-se num leque da percepção do professor regente dentro do escopo discente numa dualidade de ensino e aprendizagem: (ludicidade e psicomotricidade). Estas, por sua vez, estão imbrincadas no rol do (ofício/professor) que atua na educação geral (rede de ensino regular), isto é, independentemente, da esfera de ensino a que se atua. O trabalho é do tipo (pesquisa bibliográfica) situado por uma (abordagem qualitativa) onde se lançou mão de uma pesquisa de cunho (dissertativo e descritivo) em relação aos objetivos. Somando-se, a esta, para entender a dualidade: (ludicidade e psicomotricidade) como (dois aportes-chave) para o êxito da educação infantil nas salas de aulas do ensino regular. Portanto, o estudo versa também sobre a perspectiva da reflexão do professor regente (durante) o trabalhar da (ação-docente) no sentido de aprimoramento em relação ao papel deste para o entorno do ensino e aprendizagem da criança durante o ensino regular nos anos iniciais (ensino fundamental).
APLIKASI GLOBAL POSITIONING SYSTEM (GPS) UNTUK PENCEGAHAN PENYEBARAN WABAH PENYAKIT
Authors: Husdi Husdi
Published: January 2022

Dunia Saat ini tengah dilanda kekhawatiran dengan mewabahnya virus corona yang bermula dari Wuhan, Sudah banyak korban tewas dan dirawat secara intensif. Para peneliti dari berbagai bidang bahu membahu dan bekerja sama Untuk menanggulangi penyebaran wabah tersebut pada. Seperti halnya pada bidang medis yang berupaya untuk menciptakan vaksin atau anti virus wabah tersebut. Dengan kemajuan teknologi informasi dan komunikasi dapat dimanfaatkan dalam menanggulangi penyebaran wabah berbahaya. Indonesia dengan pengguna media sosial dan internet terbesar perlu membangun sistem pencegahan dini wabah penyakit memanfaatkan teknologi digital. Berdasarkan hal tersebut dalam penelitian ini peneliti berupaya untuk menghadirkan solusi untuk penanggulangan penyebaran wabah penyakit berbahaya dengan merancang aplikasi terpadu dengan tujuan untuk malakukan tracking contak sehingga yang dapat melakukan penelusuran seseorang yang terduga”Suspek” atau positif terinveksi telah melakukan perjalanan kemana atau telah melakukan kontak dengan siapa..
HANSENÍASE EM POVOS INDÍGENAS DO MARANHÃO NO PERÍODO DE 2016 A 2020
Authors: Martins Julia Pinheiro , Praxedes Thainá Furtado , Guajajara Ilaila Coelho , Sousa Geórgia Marreiros de 
Published: January 2022

O artigo tem por objetivo, descrever os aspectos históricos e epidemiológicos da hanseníase dentro da população indígena. A hanseníase é uma doença infectocontagiosa, causada pelo Mycobacterium leprae, historicamente conhecida como lepra, é considerada uma das doenças mais antigas do mundo. É transmitida através do contato com pacientes multibacilares e pode se manifestar através de sinais e sintomas dermatológicos e neurológicos como lesões na pele e nos nervos periféricos, principalmente na região dos olhos, mãos e pés.  Este estudo objetivou identificar os casos de hanseníase por lesões cutâneas notificados no Estado do Maranhão nos períodos de 2016 a 2020.  De natureza descritiva e quantitativa, a metodologia utilizada foi a pesquisa na base de dados no Sistema de Informação de Agravos de Notificação (SINAN) sobre as ocorrências de hanseníase na população indígena notificadas no estado do Maranhão, delineando seu perfil epidemiológico.  Os resultados obtidos no estudo, revelaram que no período de 2016/20, foram registrados 461 casos de hanseníase em indígenas, desse montante a maioria é do sexo masculino, faixa etária entre 15-19 anos, forma clínica e o ano de maior prevalência dos casos.  À vista dos dados, ressalta-se a importância da Vigilância Epidemiológica do Estado e dos Municípios, das notificações e dos trabalhos educativos junto a população indígena.
In the Margins of One Health: Interspecies Solidarity, Care, and Inequality
Authors: Murray Laura
Published: January 2022

This article is an attempt to frontally pose a question queer theory gravitates around, yet never effectively spells out: what is a togetherness of those who have nothing in common but their desire to undo group ties? First, I consider the take-up of Lacan’s ethical experiment in Seminar VII, the Ethics of Psychoanalysis by queer theorists. I contend that queer theory has not given Lacan’s interpretation of Antigone its full import, which demands its placement in the philosophical tradition of the West brought to its highest fruition in Kant. I further contend, however, that to do so does not quite offer a solution to the queer problem, for, as contemporary debate on the political import of Antigone shows, the purity of her desire does not immediately translate into a sustainable politics. Lacan himself was faced with the problem of translating his ethics into a politics after his "excommunication" from the psychoanalytic establishment, and came to falter before it. Nevertheless, Lacan’s efforts allow us to pose the undoubtedly queer question of how to group together those whose only attribute is to undo group ties. Responding to the unanswerable demands of a theory and a practice that allows us to answer that question, I propose the figure of the smoker’s communism, as elaborated upon by Mladen Dolar, as a preliminary queer suggestion as to how we might go about mitigating the gap between Lacan’s ethical brilliance and his admitted political failure..
"Dynamite Scrupulously Packed": A Revaluation of Henry Blake Fuller’s Bertram Cope’s Year
Authors: Clausson Nils
Published: January 2022

The essay proposes a reinterpretation and revaluation of Henry Blake Fuller’s 1919 novel Bertram Cope’s Year and argues that it deserves permanent currency within the canon of gay fiction. My reinterpretation and revaluation of it is based on the premise that readings of it over the past 50 years (since Edmund Wilson’s 1970 essay on Henry Blake Fuller’s fiction in the New Yorker) have failed to understand its representation of homo-sexuality. Criticism of the novel has been based on post-Stonewall assumptions of what a 'gay novel’ should be and what cultural work is should perform. The post-Stonewall paradigm of the gay novel is that it is a coming-of-age story, a Bildungsroman, focused on a protagonist who, through a process of self-discovery, arrives at an acceptance and affirmation of his sexual identity. The prototype is Edmund White’s A Boy’s Own Story, with E. M. Forster’s Maurice a precursor. To appreciate Bertram Cope’s Year, we must, I argue, abandon post-Stonewall presuppositions of what we should expect from a gay novel. Bertram Cope’s Year is not a coming-of-age novel. Rather it is a comic novel formed from Fuller’s successful fusion and subversion of the romantic comedy, the comedy of manners, and the campus novel. Bertram Cope is a comic hero who ultimately triumphs over the efforts of a college town, presided over the matchmaking socialite Medora Phillips, to marry him to one of the three young ladies in her circle. He is rescued from this unwanted marriage by his boyfriend, who arrives to save him from the unwanted marriage. Fuller successfully exploits the conventions of the comic novel to tell a story that anticipates one of the aspirations of the gay liberation movement half a century later. As such, it deserves permanent currency.
Role of Resilience in Burden and Perceived Public Stigma among Primary Caregivers of Psychiatric Patients
Authors: Saleem Farah , Arouj Kehkashan , Zaman Sabir , Shaheen Azmat
Published: January 2022

The current study intended to find out the role of resilience on perceived public stigma and burden among primary caregivers of the psychiatric patients. The current study highlighted the psychological health of caregivers. A cross sectional study was conducted in region of Islamabad and Rawalpindi, Pakistan. A total of 250 caregivers participated in the study, whom 125 were male and 125 were female caregivers, age range was 25-60 years (M=31.61, SD=5.93). The data was collected from public and private hospitals.  Three scales were used for data collection. The resilience was measured through Urdu translated resilience scale, public stigma was assessed by using Urdu version of perceived public stigma, and Burden was measured through interview.  The result showed that resilience was negatively associated with burden and perceived public stigma (p< 0.01). Further, the multiple regression showed that resilience acted as moderator between public stigma and burden (? = -1.02, p< .001). The result supported a positive association between public stigma, burden and resilience among caregivers of psychiatric patients.
KARŞILIKSIZ ÇEKLERDEKİ HUKUKÎ VE CEZAİ SORUMLULUĞUN TÜRK VE RUS TİCARİ MEVZUATI AÇISINDAN DEĞERLENDİRİLMESİ
Authors: AKSOY Nazim , SÜRÜCÜ Mehmet
Published: January 2022

Ticari hayatta nakit yerine çekle yapılan ödemeler dünyanın birçok ülkesinde artı ve eksileriyle birlikte vazgeçilmez ödeme yöntemi olarak kullanılmaktadır. Çekler ile yapılan ödemelerde en sık karşılaşılan sorun banka nezdindeki çek hesaplarında karşılığının bulunmaması durumudur. Bu durum karşısında kanun koyucular hukuki ve cezai tedbirlere yönelik çeşitli düzenlemeler yapmaktadırlar. Ancak piyasaların sağlıklı işleyebilmesi için değişen ekonomik koşullar nedenleriyle çeklerle ilgili yeni düzenlemelere ihtiyaç duyulmaktadır. Ülkemizde yıllardır karşılıksız çek konusunda çeşitli düzenlemeler yapılmış olsa da henüz ideal bir çözüme ulaşıldığı söylenemez. Bu bağlamda yakın ve sıkı ilişkilerimiz olan Rusya Federasyonu devletinin benzer soruna karşı ne tür çözüm ürettikleri araştırma konusunu oluşturmuştur. Çalışmada karşılıksız çeklere yönelik ülkemizdeki mevzuat hükümleri ile Rus ticari hükümleri yer yer mukayeseli bir şekilde incelenmiştir.
Towards a Meeting-Point Between Islamic Finance and Globalisation
Authors: Mirakhor Abbas
Published: January 2022

This article focuses on the conditions that should be met for financial globalisation to achieve maximum risk-sharing. The author suggests that the Islamic prohibition of debt-based finance and simultaneous promotion of risk sharing are consistent with the fundamental purpose of Islamic teachings, i.e., the unity of mankind, itself a corollary of the fundamental Islamic axiom of the Unity (tawhid) of the Creator. He then discusses the rules and norms of behaviour prescribed by Islam for individuals and collectivities that meet the conditions for maximum risk-sharing. He also refers to a historical episode of globalisation from the Middle Ages, where trade, finance, investment, and production were based on partnership and equity finance and explains how and why this episode witnessed finance evolve until the dominance of debt-financing which has lasted to the present. Toward the end, the author brings the ideas about the prospect for the convergence of conventional and Islamic finance to conclusion: he argues that their growth could lead to worldwide increase in investment, employment, and economic growth, reduce inequality and poverty, and increase global welfare.
Takaful: Concept, History, Development, and Future Challenges of its Industry
Authors: Alhabshi Syed Othman , Shaikh Abdul Razak Shaikh Hamzah
Published: January 2022

Mutual help and guarantee have been the ordinary practice of tribal Arabs even before the advent of Islam in Arabia. A similar but refined concept was reinforced by the Qur’an to be adopted by Muslims. It was widely applied in their daily lives. When the Muslims extended their trade by sea to the Far East, the concept of mutual assistance became more prominent and organised to protect their ships, merchandise and even lives from all sorts of dangers and mishaps. The practice by these merchants to put aside a sum of money before setting sail to the Far East for trade as a fund to compensate any loss incurred by any of them became the most prominent practice that led to the birth of what is today known as marine insurance. To circumvent some of the shari’ah non-compliant practices of mainstream insurance is the introduction of the concept of donating part of the participants’ contribution which forms the special fund to compensate losses. From then on, the takaful operators started to emerge, first in Sudan and later in other parts of the Muslim world. Several models have been formulated, namely mudarabah, modified mudarabah, wakalah and wakalah-waqf. The success of the takaful companies around the world has also been strongly influenced by the recent upsurge in the petroleum price that has led to the unprecedented increase in sovereign and private wealth. The recent emergence of ‘re-takaful’ companies add up further to the rapid growth in takaful operators and funds. Despite the success stories, there are a number of serious challenges facing takaful and ‘re-takaful’ operators which are worth noting.
‘Banking Panics’ and Islamic Finance Principles: Lessons from the Current Crisis
Authors: Ahmad Sanep
Published: January 2022

Clearly, the recent ‘bank panics’ and global economic crisis occurred mainly due to the result of debt defaults in subprime mortgages. Firstly, default by home buyers for their loans repayment to the banks and secondly default by banks for their bond repayment in the mortgage bond market. If debt defaults can be avoided in the first place, bank panics and economic crisis will most likely not happen. This means that the origin of the problem is related to bank defaults in the Sub-Prime Model which arises due to poor credit evaluation by banks. Therefore the solution for the current crises should be focused on ways of avoiding debt defaults by borrowers.
Umer Chapra - Muslim Civilization: The Causes of Decline and the Need for Reform
Authors: Umar Ibahim
Published: January 2022

Chapra’s book comes at a time when it is most needed. This is an era of upheavals and attempts at ‘revivalism’ in the Muslim communities and countries across the world. Chapra examines the factors responsible for the decline in Muslim civilization and tries to offer suggestions on alternative routes for the Muslim world to regain its rightful position among the world’s civilisations.

The book begins with raising some fundamental questions as to the reasons behind the current material and moral bankruptcy throughout much of the Muslim world. The author points at the contemporary disparity between the natural resources in the Muslim world and its poor indices of development. He argues that Islam was once a leading civilisation and a beacon for humanity. According to the author, its eclipse led to the crucial question of what has gone awry.
Cultural Pluralism in a Globalised World: Challenges to Peaceful Coexistence
Authors: Bakar Osman
Published: January 2022

In the following paragraphs I would like to highlight the impact of globalization on cultural pluralism and then the issue of how the resulting cultural pluralism might in turn impact the future pattern of the world order. The thrust of my theme is on emphasising the need to better understand the meaning and implications of the changing face of cultural pluralism for our contemporary world. It is also to suggest what we need to do to effectively confront the major challenges posed by the cultural pluralism landscape of our early twenty-first century. In hammering home my points I will take Malaysia as an example, which itself was created out of the cultural pluralism unleashed by the European wave of globalisation during the colonial era. Malaysia is today a Muslim-majority country with a large non-Muslim population thanks largely to what I have termed as demographic globalisation. With all the major religions of the world each having a good number of followers in the country Malaysia is truly a multi-religious society. It is also a good example of a truly multi-ethnic country boasting of dozens of ethnic groups. For more than 50 years now Malaysia has been struggling to create a pluralistic and yet united modern nation out of its ethnic, religious, and cultural diversity. Its successes and failures are all there for everyone to see.
'Honour Killings' in Modern Societies: A Sociological Perspective
Authors: Zvinkliene Alina
Published: January 2022

The issues of ‘honour’ - and in particular honour-related crimes - in modern societies undisputedly need more public reflection and discussion, especially at the meeting points of different cultures. The ‘concept of honour and shame’ - although not the only factor - is very important for understanding the background of domestic violence. This applies also - although in no way exclusively - to those Muslim family structures that are based on particular cultural traditions. The division of honour into ‘true’ and ‘artificial’ honours indicates that honour can be used to legitimate the hierarchy between members of the family. From a sociological perspective, the minimalist definition refers to honour as a right to respect. This means that honour exists both subjectively and objectively. It exists subjectively as a personal feeling as being entitled to respect. However, it exists also objectively as a public recognition of the public value of the individual. Honour/dishonour-shame always has a form of publicity.
Hans Kung (trans. John Bowden): Islam: Past, Present and Future
Authors: Crow Karim Douglas
Published: January 2022

The historian-theologian Hans Kung is best known today for his passionate pursuit of inter-religious dialogue and understanding within a global perspective. Since the 1960s he was professor of Ecumenical Theology at the Eberhard-Karls-Universitat of Tubingen in Germany and Emeritus Professor there from 1996. This dissident Swiss Catholic priest is a controversial theologian and prolific author in the inter-faith industry.Since 1995, his primary occupation has been President of the Foundation for a Global Ethic (Stiftung Weltethos). He described what world religions share in common, not what separates them, and compiled a minimal code of moral rules everyone might possibly accept. From 2001 onwards, the exhibition “World Religions - Universal Peace - Global Ethic”, conceived by Stiftung Weltethos, has been displayed around the world.
The Politics of Accommodation and the Problem of National-Building in a Plural Society: The Case of Malaysia
Authors: Harun Ruhanas
Published: January 2022

The issue of pluralism in Malaysia has attracted keen interest among scholars and commentators from this country as well as from outside the region. It is an issue that has pre-occupied the Malaysian government since Malaysia’s independence from British colonial rule in 1957. Since then the Malaysian state has been concerned with containing and managing the ‘vulnerabilities’ that can cause conflicts among diverse ethnic and religious groups in the country. The method used to manage ethnic relations has been termed the ‘politics of accommodation’ which is essentially based on the principles of bargaining, cooperation and accommodation among different ethnic groups. It is argued that while it has contributed to the peaceful - albeit precarious - coexistence between them, it also has had an impact of delaying the nation-building process in Malaysia. The pre-occupation of the state with ‘national unity’ and ‘national integration’ and the constant reminders to the public on the importance of ‘unity’ are proof that the ‘politics of accommodation’ as a tool for keeping the country and its diverse segments together are faced with serious challenges. This article attempts to look at the functioning of the ‘politics of accommodation’ as strategy for managing politics and society in a multiethnic society and its impact on nation-building in Malaysia.
Growing the Malaysian Venture Capital and Private Equity Industry
Authors: Hussain Syed Adil
Published: January 2022

The venture capital (VC) and private equity (PE) industry in Malaysia is at a crossroads. Despite having received RM3 billion in government aid, according to practitioners the industry will be devoid of any privately-backed organisations within five years if further action is not taken. This situation is problematic for many reasons - not least being that the government believes a robust venture capital and private equity sector would contribute to Malaysia’s development goals. Through a review of existing academic literature and in-depth interviews with 25 senior executives of Malaysian financial firms, this article investigates the state of the Malaysian VC/PE industry, and whether the government should intervene to improve its condition. Many financial executives argue that government intervention to aid the VC/PE sector is necessary at the present juncture. Although government efforts to grow VC/PE sectors have yielded less than desirable results in many nations, scholars have noted that a well-structured intervention can minimise such risks. In order to overcome those problems, this article recommends the creation of a RM1 billion ‘fund-of-funds’.
Whither, Malaysia? A Multicultural Country at the Crossroads
Authors: Marcinkowski Christoph
Published: January 2022

Contrary to some of her neighbours, Malaysia had - until recently - not featured in the international headlines as a place known for religiously motivated acts of terrorism. This appears to have changed: since 2009, we have witnessed intrusions into churches, a development that culminated in January 2010 in attacks and burnings of houses of worship of ethnic minorities - and increasingly also of mosques - throughout the country.
Herbert Illig - Wer hat an der Uhr gedreht? Wie 300 Jahre Mittelalter erfunden wurden
Authors: Marcinkowski Christoph
Published: January 2022

Within historiography, ‘historical revisionism’ is the reinterpretation of orthodox views on evidence, motivations, and decision-making processes surrounding a historical event. Revisionists, such as the author of the book here under review, assume the interpretation of a historical event or period, as accepted by the majority of scholars, needs significant change. ‘Historical revisionism’ is certainly a legitimate approach within historiography once it is based on generally accepted facts.

However, there is also a danger when ‘revisionism’ results in the distortion of history, which - if it constitutes the denial of historical crimes - is sometimes also called ‘negationism’. In ‘revising’ the past, this kind of illegitimate historical revisionism appeals to the intellect - via techniques illegitimate to historical discourse - to advance a given interpretive historical view.
The Legal Framework of Religion-State Relations in Southeast Asia
Authors: Mahmod Tahir
Published: January 2022

According to a general consensus among geographers and political scientists Southeast Asia includes eleven major countries. Though in terms of headcount Islam is the largest religion of Southeast Asia, it is the faith of the majority only in three states in the region - of the remaining eight six are dominated by the Buddhists and two by the Christians. The legal framework of religion-state relations is not uniform either in Southeast Asia as a whole or within any of these three religion-based groups of countries. The wide diversity of religion-state relations in Southeast Asia is indeed fascinating.
Religion, Law, and Governance in Malaysia
Authors: Bari Abdul Aziz
Published: January 2022

Although the number of provisions pertaining to Islam in the Federal Constitution of Malaysia is small, the substance of the religion practically permeates various aspects of governance in Malaysia. This seems to be quite natural given that Islam stands at the very heart of Malay civilisation and culture. Apart from this, the Malays form the majority of the country’s population. This would explain why - despite the fact that Malaysia belongs to the Westminster and Common Law systems of government and law - the Islamic character and essence of the polity remain visible. This is indeed interesting given that the country was governed by Europeans for several centuries – starting with the Portuguese who defeated the Sultanate of Malacca in 1511. As of now, the author argues that it would be possible to have a full-fledged Islamic system within the existing constitutional framework. According to him, the Malaysian experience could serve as an example of how a modern system of governance could co-exist with traditional Islamic values and systems. In recent years, the country has made significant progress in the field of Islamic banking and finance, as well as the systemisation of Islamic courts and education. Even the civil courts have eventually been able to strike a balance between the modern idea of liberty and Islamic notions of rights; something that was evident even in cases involving the question of apostasy. Interestingly enough, all of these achievements have been accomplished within the existing framework of the Constitution.
Islam and the State in the Indonesian Experience
Authors: Effendy Bahtiar
Published: January 2022

This article analyses the source and nature of Islam-state relations, and the efforts made to find a viable synthesis between them. Like many other Muslim countries, Indonesia encountered difficulties in the attempt to establish a synthesis between Islamic political thought and the notion of a secular state. The author makes an important yet often neglected observation, that not all Indonesian Muslims support the politicisation of Islam and that the level and magnitude of support for ideological and symbolical Islam is relatively low in Indonesia. In order to find a middle way for the Indonesian setting in the post-Soeharto period, he argues in favour of a ‘partial accommodation’ of moderate Muslim concerns as a viable option for a more enduring relationship between Islam and the state.
What Makes a Muslim Leader
Authors: Kamali Mohammad Hashim
Published: January 2022

‘Leadership Challenges for the New Era’ was the subject of a plenary session at the 6th World Islamic Economic Forum (WIEF) which was held at the Kuala Lumpur Convention Centre (KLCC) between 18 and 20 May 2010 and in which the writer of these lines participated. The topic generated a lively discussion by a panel of eminent speakers. HE Surin Pitsuan, Secretary General of ASEAN, for instance, moderated and referred in his opening remarks to the qur'anic phrase uli ‘l-amr (‘those in charge of affairs’; 4:59), raising the question as to who are the uli 'l-amr of today who can usher us into the new era.
Enhancing Civilisational Dialogue between Malaysia and the European Union
Authors: Marcinkowski Christoph
Published: January 2022

Cooperation between the European Union (EU) and Malaysia started with the 1980 European Commission-ASEAN Agreement which has made it possible for Malaysia to benefit from a number of ASEAN and Asia-wide cooperation programmes. The EU Delegation to Malaysia was opened in 2003 and since then dialogue, policy interaction and cooperation with both federal and state authorities, the Malaysian and EU business community as well as the civil society has increased progressively. Moreover, Malaysia is also the EU’s second most important trading partner in ASEAN. No bilateral preferential trade arrangements exist between Malaysia and the EU, but under the new Generalised System of Preferences (GSP), in force since January 2006, the share of Malaysia’s merchandise exports to the EU eligible for preferential treatment rose from 16 per cent to 81 per cent. Over 70 per cent of Malaysia’s exports to the EU now enter duty-free. Malaysia records a trade surplus with most EU Member States.
Mandatory Rebate and Unearned Profit: The Latest BBA Decision
Authors: Ismail Idrus
Published: January 2022

A recent Malaysian High Court decision in BIMB v Azhar Osman & Ors. (2010) held that Bank Islam Malaysia Berhad is not entitled to claim the full sale price under its bayʿ bi-thaman 'ajil (BBA) financing scheme as it is obliged by the implied terms of the contract to grant a ‘rebate’ or ibra’ to the customer. This decision - implying a rebate where none is expressly stated - is roiling the Islamic banking community in much the same way as Justice Wahab Patail’s decision in Affin Bank v Zulkifly b. Abdullah did in 2005. Heads are huddled in Islamic banks to decide how to address the issue that sprang from this judicial determination: customers now are entitled to a rebate on the sale price by way of contractual obligation when in the past ibra' had always been at the discretion of the bank.
Irfan A. Omar (ed.) - A Muslim view of Christianity: Essays on Dialogue by Mahmoud Ayoub
Authors: Marcinkowski Christoph
Published: January 2022

A Muslim View of Christianity features key texts on Muslim-Christian relations from the pen of Professor Mahmoud Ayoub, who is currently Faculty Associate in Shi‘ite Islam and Christian-Muslim Relations at the renowned Macdonald Center for the Study of Islam and Christian-Muslim Relations in the United States and who was born into a Shi‘ite family in Southern Lebanon. His authority in both the scholarship and comparative study of Islam and Muslim-Christian relations, as well as interreligious dialogue, is demonstrated by the national and international recognition he has received. Hailing himself from a multireligious kaleidoscopic setting - in Southern Lebanon, Shi‘ite Muslims have for centuries lived side-by-side with Christians of various denominations - Ayoub is perhaps particularly well suited when it comes to discussing Christianity from the perspective of Islam.
Rethinking Islamic Legal Methodology with Reference to Maqasid al-Shari'ah
Authors: Kazemi-Moussavi Ahmad
Published: January 2022

Alternative approaches to Islamic law made ‘Islamic legal methodology’ a locus of scrutiny and re-examination by contemporary Muslim authors. This ‘methodology’ (usul al-fiqh), which is more than 1,200 years old, developed out of consideration for the authority of the Qur’an and the Sunnah as the fundamental sources of the law. Although fascinating at the beginning, the rules of literal demonstration could not solve problems arising from the sheer text-based reading of the law. Muslim scholars of the classical period occasionally took different approaches such as consideration of higher objectives of the law (al-maqasid) and knowledge of priorities (al-awlawiyyat) to harmonise the applicability of the law with varying situations facing them. This genre of efforts got a new momentum in the recent decades as it seems heading towards rethinking the method of reading Islamic law. The purpose of this article is to provide a critical survey of what these efforts offered to rethink Islamic legal methodology.
Maqasid al-Shari'ah: A Literature Review
Authors: Winkel Eric
Published: January 2022

At the core of the question of maqasid is the conception of the engagement of the community with the revelation. From this core, one can gain perspective on the usul al-fiqh and maqasid approaches. The former does not provide priorities and does not address directly the pressing concerns that are overwhelming contemporary societies - it focuses on ‘form’ at the expense of ‘substance’. For the latter, the issue of methodology is important - how are the goals of the law ascertained? Finally, the author looks at key contributions of the maqasid approach, which opens the door to applications into areas typically beyond the scope of the usul al-fiqh, such as civilisational renewal.
Malaysia's Need for an Enlightened National Policy on Interreligious Peace: A Dictate of Maqasid al-Shari'ah
Authors: Bakar Osman
Published: January 2022

Malaysia's Need for an Enlightened National Policy on Interreligious Peace: A Dictate of Maqasid al-Shari'ah As a nation, Malaysia is characteristically pluralistic and diverse in its cultural makeup. It is precariously balanced in its ethnic and religious compositions displaying a distributive pattern of cultural diversity in its demographic map in a way that is matched by few countries. Its pattern of cultural diversity is particularly distinguished by the fact that there is a close identification of religion with race. Malaysia is only barely a Muslim-majority country. It has a large non-Muslim population comprised mostly of Buddhists, Hindus, and Christians. There are other religious minorities such as Confucians, Taoists, and Sikhs though these are much smaller in size.
Saim Kayadibi, Istihsan: The Doctrine of Juristic Preference in Islamic Law
Authors: Winkel Eric
Published: January 2022

I received this book for review right in time for this special issue on maqasid, which is fitting, as the concept of istihsan is often interchangeable with maqasid (p. 34), as in al-Ghazali’s description of maslahah consisting of ‘five essential values’, which we tend to call today maqasid or ‘objectives’. The book is a complete and well-documented history of the term and the concept. As such, it is a necessary reference for anyone studying Islamic law. I found especially valuable the author’s knowledge of the lineages in the ‘schools of Sunnite jurisprudence’, especially in the Hanafi ‘school’. The book will help any student trying to situate the legal scholars over the centuries.
Islam, Democracy, and the Road to Moderation: Testing the Political Commitment of Indonesian Muslim Activist
Authors: Makruf Jamhari
Published: January 2022

The emergence of ‘radical Islamist’ movements has challenged the characteristics of Indonesian Islam, which is traditionally moderate and tolerant. According to the author, ‘Islamic radicalism’ is not a new force in Indonesian politics. However, never before have associations espousing such an ideology reached the current level of support. In light of this situation, this article tries to examine the political commitment of ‘Islamist’ political movements in the context of Indonesia’s current democratising process.
Post-Secular Piety: Interfaith Prospects and Promises
Authors: Hazri Tengku Ahmad
Published: January 2022

During a lecture at the International Institute of Advanced Islamic Studies (IAIS) Malaysia in November 2010, the British theologian Graham Ward argued that while religion in Europe’s past may have been relegated to the background, in recent years it has returned from exile and increasingly makes its presence publicly visible. Although its expression in institutionalised form, such as church attendance, remains static, the outward religiosity is now even more strongly felt. This hints at a return of religion after years of outcast from the public sphere, ushering in what is called a ‘post-secular’ age in the vocabulary of philosophers such as Jurgen Habermas, Charles Taylor and Slavoj Zizek. This means that faith-inspired activism is steadily gaining ground, and more importantly, individuals now articulate their concerns in overtly religious terms.
Toward Effective Legal Regulations and an Enabling Environment for inalienable Muslim Endowments
Authors: Dafterdar Mohammed Hisham
Published: January 2022

The accumulation of awqaf assets has created tremendous wealth for the welfare of the global Muslim community. However, due to a variety of historical reasons and the lack of an effective and enabling legal environment the role of the waqf as a useful tool for socio-economic development has generally been neglected and often forgotten. Awqaf as a faith-based charitable institution has generated interest beyond philanthropists and shariah scholars and is no longer seen as exclusively religious. The sector is in fact an industry and is being subjected to increased scrutiny by governments and regulatory authorities. This article investigates the possible model character for corporate governance as well as sustainability and profitability issues pertaining to awqaf.
Overcoming the Weaknesses in Sukuk: Toward Risk-Sharing Instruments in Islamic Finance
Authors: Abdullah (Leslie Terebessy) Abdul Karim
Published: January 2022

This article focuses on the near defaults of high profile sukuk and recommends strategies for preventing defaults in the future. Due to their large size, the near defaults of the ‘mega’ sukuk issued by the subsidiaries of Dubai World had a great impact on confidence in the global sukuk market. The defaults and near defaults dented the reputation of sukuk as securities that offer strong protection to investors. In order to restore investor confidence in Islamic structured finance, a paradigm shift is required in the way sukuk are structured. There is a need to move away from structuring sukuk as bond-like, non-tradable instruments that mimic conventional (unsecured) bonds, and structure sukuk as asset-backed, tradable securities that enable genuine risk sharing, an essential characteristic of Islamic finance.
Islam's Religious Pluralism in Context
Authors: Kamali Mohammad Hashim
Published: January 2022

The current debate in Malaysia as to whether Islam accepts religious pluralism as opposed to mere religious plurality calls for  further reflection. Much would depend, it seems, on how one  understands religious pluralism and then the three quranic verses  that characterise Islam.

These proclaim that “surely the religion before Allah is Islam (submission to His will)” (3:19); that “whoever seeks other than Islam as a religion, it will not be accepted from him” (3:85); and “this day I perfected your religion for you, completed My favour to you, and chose Islam to be your faith” (5:3). These are often cited as evidence that Islam is the only true religion and only those who follow Islam shall be saved. Mainstream Quran commentaries consider Islam in these verses to be the exclusive name for the religion revealed to the Prophet Muhammad.
Islam, Buddhism, and the New Sciences
Authors: Winkel Eric
Published: January 2022

While exploring convergences between Islam and contemporary science, I came across a recent book by the Dalai Lama1 which describes his interactions with Buddhism and science. In fact, the Dalai Lama is ideally suited to be a bridge between spirituality and science. His stature means that he does not merely read Thomas Merton, Carl Friedrich von Weizsacker, Karl Popper, and David Bohm - he meets them. His seven decades means that he spans the most significant changes that technology and science have made on human society.
Augustus Richard Norton, Hezbollah: A short History
Authors: Marcinkowski Christoph
Published: January 2022

The case of Lebanon, where Twelver Shiites constitute the largest single religious community, is crucial when discussing perspectives for peace and stability in the Middle East and the role that Shiite Muslims can play within this setting. Israel’s 2006 invasion of Lebanon and its fight against Hezbollah (Hizb-Allah) have not resulted in a victory for the Jewish state.
The Greeting of Peace-Security (Al-Salam Alaykum): Uncovering the Basis of Islamic Peace
Authors: Crow Karim Douglas
Published: January 2022

A distinctive characteristic of Muslims is the exchange of greetings saluting one another with al-salamu alaykum! - along with the response …wa alaykum al-salam! This is usually translated as “peace be upon you!” and “and upon you peace!” (This is a shortened form of the fuller phrase; see below.) Here salam is normally understood today as ‘peace’, while its sense might better be rendered: ‘greetings of security-peace’. This greeting is known as tahiyyat al-islam, ‘the salutation of Islam’, and conveys wishing for the other person that God grant them a long successful life of peace secure from harm. When the Prophet’s paternal cousin Jafar b. Abi Talib in 615 (seven years before the migration of the Prophet to Medina in 622) described the essence of Islamic guidance to the Ethiopian Emperor, the ‘Negus’ (al-Najashi) of Islamic literature, at his court in Axum, Jafar emphasised this ‘salutation of Islam’ as a new practice specific to their religion. A closer examination of this important phrase frequently expressed on the lips of Muslims, discloses how inseparable the conceptions of security and peace truly are in Islamic experience.
Reinhard Cardinal Marx, Das Kapital: Ein Pladoyer fur den
Authors: Marcinkowski Christoph
Published: January 2022

The recent worldwide financial crisis has initiated a global fundamental debate and raised questions about the capacity of contemporary economies to ensure the welfare of the world. In October 2008, Reinhard Marx launched Das Kapital: Ein Pladoyer fur den Menschen with intentional reference to the work by his namesake Karl Marx - Das Kapital: Kritik der politischen Okonomie - an extensive treatise on political economy, edited in part by Friedrich Engels, which critiques capitalism.
Canadian Muslims and Canada's Domestic and Foreign Policy Issues: An Analysis
Authors: Islam Syed Serajul , Hossain Ishtiaq
Published: January 2022

This article analyses the participation of Canadian Muslims in debates affecting Canada’s domestic and foreign policy issues. Here, the Canadian Muslim identity is first of all briefly spelled out. Then a detailed discussion is made of their role in debates affecting the country’s domestic affairs. In addition, the Canadian foreign policy issues which are of interest to Canadian Muslims are identified and their stand on those issues are analysed. The discussion in this article demonstrates that the Muslim citizens of Canada are conscious of their own Canadian Muslim identity. It also shows that, like other Canadians, the Muslim citizens of Canada express their opinion freely on matters, which are of importance to the country. Although their impact on policy-making remains negligible, their increasing participation in the political process of the country beacons hope for their more lasting impact on the country’s public policy-making in future.
Islam and Modernity: Remembering the Contribution of Muhammad Abduh (1849-1905)
Authors: Yusuf Aasia
Published: January 2022

The Egyptian jurist, religious scholar, and reformer, Muhammad Abduh (d. 1905), is regarded as the architect of what has become known in the West as ‘Islamic modernism’. A disciple of Jamal al-Din Asadabadi - better known as ‘al-Afghani’ (d. 1897) - Abduh’s intellectual legacy opposes despotism and champions freedom, law, and rationality. One of the major aims of Abduh was to show that Islam is reconcilable with modern thought, and thus, he argued that Islam is indeed compatible with the supposed requirements of the modern mind. He not only stressed that Islam taught the acceptance of all the products of reason and intellect, but also asserted the need to interpret and reapply the principles and ideals of Islam to formulate new responses to the political, scientific and civilisational challenges of the west and of modern life. This article discusses Abduh’s contribution and his legacy within this context. It also throws light on Muhammad Ali Pasha’s (r. 1805-48) preceding policy of modernisation in nineteenth-century Egypt (including education and social and political reforms) and on Abduh’s role in reforming Cairo’s Al-Azhar University.
The Absence of Islam in the 'Arab Spring'
Authors: Kamali Mohammad Hashim
Published: January 2022

While most of the recent movements in the Muslim world have been spearheaded by Islamic parties and leaders, the Arab  uprising is surprisingly led by civil society, especially the youth. The Arab uprising is still unfolding and uncertainties exist that may yet be clarified in the course of time. However, one question that  arises is over the relative absence of Islam in what has been seen so far.
A Doctor in the House: Looking for New Insights on Mahathir's Islamisation Policy in His Memoirs
Authors: Bakar Osman
Published: January 2022

The role of the state in Malaysia through its elected government of the day in promoting and regulating Islam has been visible from day one of the country’s new life as an independent nation. Even before independence in 1957, particularly for those states of the Malaysian Federation that have Sultans or Rulers, the public visibility and role of Islam has always been an integral part of the Malay-Muslim societal life. There is continuity between the pre-independence public profile of Islam and the post-independence one.
Journalistic Ethics and Freedom of Expression: Ideals and Realities
Authors: Marcinkowski Christoph
Published: January 2022

The still ongoing scandal surrounding the News International phone-hacking scandal in the United Kingdom, a controversy involving the News of the World, a now-defunct British tabloid newspaper, has resulted in several high-profile resignations, arrests, and legal instigations. The scandal eventually also garnered attention in the United States, when in July 2011, the Federal Bureau of Investigation launched its own investigations into the access of voicemails of victims of the 9/11 attacks. The affair has once more brought to the forefront the issue of ethics in today’s world of journalism.