bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
PENGARUH GOOD CORPORATE GOVERNANCE, KARAKTERISTIK, DAN ATRIBUT AUDIT PERUSAHAAN TERHADAP PENGUNGKAPAN RISIKO PERUSAHAAN
Authors: Shagan Jessieca
Published: November 2022

Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk menganalisis pengaruh dari good corporate governance, karakteristik, dan atribut audit terhadap pengungkapan risiko perusahaan pada sektor pertambangan yang terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia tahun 2019-2021. Pengungkapan risiko dipercaya memiliki peran dalam meningkatkan kredibilitas pelaporan keuangan perusahaan dan untuk membantu investor dalam memahami strategi bisnis perusahaan dengan mendapatkan informasi secara luas khususnya terkait informasi risiko. Teknik pengambilan sampel yaitu purposive sampling dan diperoleh 21 perusahaan dengan periode penelitian selama tiga tahun. Metode analisis data yang digunakan adalah analisis regresi linier berganda dengan menggunakan Software Statistical Package for Social Sience (SPSS) versi 20. Dasar teori yang digunakan pada penelitian ini adalah teori signalling dan teori stakeholder. Good corporate governance dinilai menggunakan variabel kepemilikan publik, komisaris independen, dan komite audit. Karakteristik perusahaan dinilai menggunakan variabel profitabilitas dan leverage. Sedangkan atribut audit dinilai berdasarkan kualitas auditor eksternal. Penelitian ini menggunakan standar pengungkapan risiko sukarela yang dikembangkan oleh Mokhtar & Mellet (2013) yang berjumlah 40 item dan dihitung dengan menggunakan metode content analysis. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa hanya variable leverage yang berpengaruh signifikan terhadap pengungkapan risiko perusahaan. Sedangkan variabel kepemilikan publik, komisaris independen, komite audit, profitabilitas, dan kualitas auditor eksternal tidak berpengaruh signifikan terhadap pengungkapan risiko perusahaan.
STUDI EMPIRIS PENGAMBILAN KEPUTUSAN INVESTASI INVESTOR KOTA MALANG PADA MASA PANDEMI COVID-19
Authors: Qushoyyi Fadhiil Dzakwan
Published: November 2022

Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk menguji pengaruh Anchoring, Representativness, Availability dan Overconfidence terhadap Pengambilan Keputusan. Responden pada penelitian ini adalah Investor Pasar Modal Indonesia yang berada di Kota Malang. Responden pada peneliti ini berjumlah 55 Responden. Pada penelitian ini menggunakan alat uji Regresi Linear Berganda. Hasil Penelitian ini menunjukkan Anchoring, Representativness dan Availability tidak berpengaruh signifikan terhadap Pengambilan Keputusan Investor Kota Malang. Overconfidence berpengaruh secara signifikan terhadap pengambilan keputusan Investor Kota Malang. Penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa terdapat beberapa variabel heuristik yang tidak memengaruhi keputusan investor yang disebabkan oleh faktor dimensi lain. Faktor dimensi lain yang menjadi dampak terdapat perbedaan hasil bukti empiris adalah didalam Culture . Di dalam konteks Culture, setiap wilayah memiliki karakteristik perilaku individu yang berbeda. Knowledge Sharing sebagai salah satu faktor juga memiliki peran dalam memengaruhi karakteristik individu dalam membuat keputusan. Setiap individu memiliki keragaman dan level yang berbeda tentang Knowledge Sharing tergantung dari kemampuan individu untuk menafsirkan pengetahuan yang diperoleh.
Chytrid fungus in amphibians from the lowland Brazilian Amazon
Authors: Lambertini C , Ernetti JR , Missassi AFR , Jorge RF , da Silva Leite D , Lima AP , Toledo LF
Published: November 2022

Infectious diseases are one of the main threats to biodiversity. The fungus Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis (Bd) is associated with several amphibian losses around the globe, and environmental conditions may dictate the success of pathogen spread. The Brazilian Amazon has been considered climatically unsuitable for chytrid fungus, but additional information on Bd dynamics in this ecoregion is still lacking. We sampled 462 amphibians (449 anurans, 4 caudatans and 9 caecilians), representing 57 species from the Brazilian Amazon, and quantified Bd infections using qPCR. We tested whether abiotic variables predicted the risk of Bd infections, and tested for relationships between biotic variables and Bd. Finally, we experimentally tested the effects of Bd strains CLFT 156 and CLFT 102 (from the southern and northern Atlantic Forest, respectively) on Atelopus manauensis. We detected higher Bd prevalence than those previously reported for the Brazilian Amazon, and positive individuals in all 3 orders of amphibians sampled. Both biotic and abiotic predictors were related to prevalence, and no variable explained infection load. Moreover, we detected higher Bd prevalence in forested than open areas, while the host’s reproductive biology was not a factor. We detected higher mortality in the experimental group infected with CLFT 156, probably because this strain was isolated from a region characterized by discrepant climatic conditions (latitudinally more distant) when compared with the host’s sampling site in Amazon. The lowland Brazilian Amazon is still underexplored and future studies targeting all amphibian orders are essential to better understand Bd infection dynamics in this region.
Interview: David Leslie
Authors: Leslie David
Published: November 2022

David Leslie shared insights into his career, research, and the future of the diabetes field.
Weight Management, Micronutrients, and Supplements in Diabetes
Authors: Roberts Eleanor , Mechanick Jeffrey
Published: November 2022

This year’s 39th International Symposium on Diabetes and Nutrition in Anavyssos, Greece, hosted a series of presentations and plenary lectures with a focus on the effects of weight loss, micronutrients, nutritional supplements, and alternative dietary patterns in the prevention and management of Type 2 diabetes (T2D) and cardiovascular risk reduction. Michael Lean discussed how diabetes remission can be achieved through weight loss using a low-energy diet (LED) or very low-energy diet (VLED), accompanied by continued long-term support from specialised healthcare professionals. Jeffrey Mechanick discussed the importance and impact of early intervention on T2D and cardiovascular disease (CVD). He emphasised that T2D should be seen not just at the point of disease, but on a spectrum from prediabetes to complications, with early interventions having significant impact on not only the progression of T2D, but also into the latter stages.Simin Liu presented an integrative multilevel framework for causal inference to personalise cardiometabolic health, highlighting recent work investigating the roles of dietary minerals, environment metals, and genomics in relation to cardiovascular disease and diabetes.

Several of the presentations included discussion of specific interventions. Daniel West discussed the use of whey protein (WP) and how it can help control postprandial glycaemic excursions (PGE) in people with T2D controlled on oral antihyperglycaemic drugs. Following this, Andrea Hawkinson discussed how a new supplement, mulberry leaf (Morus alba) extract (MLE), can significantly lower postprandial glucose response, as well as early insulin response, highlighting the need for further studies to evaluate its efficacy in people with T2D. Philip Atherton showed studies providing evidence that protein and essential amino acid (EAA) supplementation can help support muscle mass, which is especially essential for older people with T2D and sarcopenia. Finally, Jose-María López-Pedrosa spoke about how a supplement containing slow digestible carbohydrates (SDC), arginine, lysine, and β-hydroxy-β-methylbutyric acid (HMB) can help preserve muscle mass, as well as improve insulin resistance, in a rat model of diabetes.
Update on the Management of Diabetic Dyslipidaemia
Authors: Martín-Timón Iciar , Sevillano-Collantes Cristina , García-Domínguez María , Marín-Peñalver Juan José , Ugalde-Abiega Beatriz , del Cañizo-Gómez Francisco Javier
Published: November 2022

Diabetic dyslipidaemia (DD) comprises a complex group of potentially atherogenic lipid and lipoprotein abnormalities, including both quantitative and qualitative changes. It is characterised by low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, elevated low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), and a higher prevalence of small, dense LDL particles, as well as elevated fasting and postprandial triglycerides. Patients with Type 2 diabetes mellitus have an increased prevalence of lipid abnormalities and controlling dyslipidaemia in these patients has a big impact on morbidity and mortality. Lifestyle changes are still the pillar of treatment for DD and statins are the drugs of choice that decrease LDL-C and reduce cardiovascular events and cardiovascular death, either in primary or secondary prevention, in diabetic patients. Pitavastatin has a number of pleiotropic effects that reduce the metabolic changes associated with adiposity and improve glucose metabolism, which distinguishes it from other statins. New treatments, such as PCSK9 inhibitors, have proven to be powerful LDL-C-lowering agents; however, the need for long-term safety studies and the high associated costs are the main challenges. Future treatments, such as an intracellular PCSK9 inhibitor, a dual proliferator-activated receptor-alpha/gamma agonist, and bempedoic acid, are in development. The aim of this article is to review the pathophysiology of DD and discuss its role in cardiovascular event risk and treatment, as well as to study the effects of lipid-lowering therapy on glucose metabolism and the outcomes of antidiabetic treatment on dyslipidaemia.
Efficacy of Wearable Devices to Measure and Promote Physical Activity in the Management of Diabetes
Authors: Hamasaki Hidetaka
Published: November 2022

Physical inactivity is a global health problem that contributes to the increasing risk of obesity and diabetes. Wearable devices are defined as technologies that can be comfortably worn on the body and that are designed to be effective at improving the health and overall fitness of the wearer. The aim of this narrative review is to summarise the current studies investigating the efficacy of wearable devices, especially mobile applications, for the management of diabetes. The use of pedometers or accelerometers has been shown to increase physical activity by approximately 1 hour per week; however, rates of obesity and diabetes were not affected. Although recent assessments of the effect of smartphone applications on physical activity and glycaemic control are sparse, they are useful for promoting physical activity and for treating diabetes. The interactions with patients using wearable devices for self-monitoring, education, and coaching are essential for the improvement of diabetes. However, there are currently no clinical trials investigating the efficacy of the ‘perfect’ wearable device, whereby patients with diabetes can accurately and comfortably monitor their physical activity, energy balance, blood pressure, heart rate, and blood glucose level. Analysis of big data from wearable device users will contribute to the development of effective wearable devices. Developments in wearable technology are anticipated and further studies will be required to assess the efficacy of wearable devices in measuring and promoting physical activity in the management of diabetes.
Lif Katkılı Beton ile Üretilen Enine Donatılı Betonarme Kirişlerin Eğilme Etkisi Altındaki Doğrusal Olmayan Analizi
Authors: Serdar Ahmet Hamdi , Çağlar Naci , Dok Gökhan , Demirtaş Gamze , Sarıbıyık Mehmet
Published: November 2022

Lifli betonların, yapı taşıyıcı sistem üretimlerinde kullanımı giderek yaygınlaşmaktadır. Lifli betonlar, klasik betonlara kıyasla daha sünek ve daha yüksek enerji yutma kapasitesine sahip olmanın yanında dayanım açısından da daha olumlu sonuçlar vermektedirler. Bu çalışmada lif katkılı beton ile üretilen enine donatılı betonarme kirişlerin davranışı incelenmiştir. Bu amaçla, literatürden seçilen enine donatısız deneysel bir çalışma ABAQUS sonlu eleman programı yardımıyla modellenmiş ve doğrulanmıştır. Ardından doğrulanmış sayısal model ile gerçekleştirilen parametrik çalışmada enine donatılı ve lif katkılı beton ile üretilen betonarme kirişlerin farklı çekme donatıları etkisi altındaki davranışı incelenmiştir. Elde edilen sonuçlar grafikler halinde sunularak yorumlanmıştır.
SISTEM MANAJEMEN KESELAMATAN DAN KESEHATAN KERJA PADA PROYEK KONSTRUKSI BENDUNGAN SESUAI DENGAN PERMEN PUPR NO.10 TAHUN 2021
Authors: Moch. Khamim  , Mohamad Zenurianto
Published: November 2022

Potensi bahaya kecelakaan kerja dapat terjadi hampir di semua tempat kerja. Pada beberapa tahun ini banyak terjadi kecelakaan kerja, bahkan ada beberapa kasus dimana korban kecelakaan kerja mengalami kematian. Pada Proyek Pembangunan Bendungan beberapa kejadian kecelakaan kerja seperti dump truk yang terbalik saat melakukan dump muatan, truk yang tergelincir pada saat mengangkut muatan lalu mencoba berjalan di jalan yang naik, dan yang lainnya. Perencanaan Sistem Keselamatan dan Kesehatan Kerja Proyek Konstruksi Pembangunan Bendungan meliputi identifikasi kecelakaan kerja dengan metode Hazard Identification, Risk Assesment, Determining Control (HIRADC) untuk menentukan potensi bahaya dan cara pengendalian risiko yang dapat terjadi pada setiap item pekerjaan dan Menghitung Rencana Anggaran Biaya Keselamatan dan Kesehatan Kerja
PEMANFAATAN API CLIENT BERBASIS PYTHON UNTUK KONFIGURASI IPS PADA ROUTER MIKROTIK
Authors: Rinanza Zulmy Alhamri  , Kunti Eliyen  , Agustono Heriadi
Published: November 2022

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk bagaimana mengendalikan RouterOS MikroTik sebagai sebuah konfigurasiIPS menggunakanAPI Client berbasis Python. Apakah perintah-perintah jaringan untuk konfigurasi IPS melaluiAPI berbasis Python dapat memiliki kinerja sebaik ketika mengkonfigurasi router MikroTik secara langsungmalaui SSH, WinBox, atau bahkan WebFig. Dalam penelitian ini API yang digunakan berbasis Python, secaralebih spesifik lingkungan Python 3. Terdapat tiga fokus serangan meliputi Port Scan, Brute Force, dan seranganDenial of Service (DoS). Manfaat yang diperoleh pada hasil penelitian ini adalah sebagai awal dari penelitianselanjutnya dimana apabila pengendalian API Client berhasil dan kinerja baik maka bisa dikembangkan menjadiaplikasi kendali jaringan yang otonom dimana dengan memanfaatkan teknologi IoT dapat mengakses routerMikroTik sebagai IPS kapanpun dan dimanapun. Metode penelitian meliputi Studi Literatur, Persiapan Test Bed,Implementasi, dan Pengujian. Hasilnya telah berhasil dimanfaatkan API Client berbasis Python untuk menerapkankonfigurasi IPS pada router MikroTik dalam bertahan dari serangan Port Scan, Brute Force, dan DoS. Secarafungsional, konfigurasi berhasi diterapkan pada router MikroTik. Sedangkan secara kinerja, router MikroTikmampu bertahan dari skenario serangan. Parameter penting pada konfigurasi IPS untuk Port Scan adalah PSD,Brute Force SSH adalah jumlah filter SSH, Brute Force FTP adalah Destination Limit, dan serangan DoS adalahpengaktifan TCP SynCookies serta penggunaan Firewall Raw.
ANALISIS PERAMBATAN RETAK DAN HASIL SEM PADA BETON NORMAL DENGAN SUBSTITUSI PASIR LIMBAH SUNBLASTING
Authors: Qomariah  , Agustin Dita Lestari
Published: November 2022

Industri yang dalam proses produksinya menghasilkan limbah sunblasting, pada akhirnya akan mencemarilingkungan. Salah satu solusi untuk mengurangi limbah tersebut adalah dengan memanfaatkannya sebagaicampuran pada beton normal. Penelitian ini akan menganalisis tentang hasil perambatan retak dan hasil ScanningElectron Microscope (SEM) pada beton normal dengan variasi penambahan pasir limbah sunblasting sebesar 0%,30%, dan 40%. Metode perancangan beton normal dilakukan menurut SNI-03-2834-2000. Menggunakan bendauji silinder dengan diameter 15 cm dan tinggi 30 cm serta dilakukan pengujian tekan pada umur 7, 14,dan 28 haridan pengujian SEM. Dengan variasi penambahan pasir sandblasting 30%, nilai kuat tekan beton meningkat sesuaidengan berat benda uji. Hal ini menunjukkan penggunaan limbah sandblasting meningkatkan pengikatan semenpada beton. Berdasarkan hasil kuat tekan, hasil XRF, dan SEM, maka substitusi limbah sandblasting sebesar 30%merupakan variasi yang paling optimal.
EFEKTIFITAS PENGGUNAAN METODE EUCLIDIAN DAN AISLE UNTUK PENATAAN SITE LAYOUT OPTIMAL PROYEK DERMAGA X
Authors: Sitti Safiatus Riskijah
Published: November 2022

Pengaturan site layout proyek sangat bervariasi tergantung pada jumlah dan dimensi fasilitas sementara yang dibutuhkan, luas area yang tersedia, dan lain-lain. Penempatan fasilitas akan mempengaruhi total jarak tempuh dari fasilitas satu ke fasilitas lainnya. Terdapat beberapa metode pengukuran jarak diantaranya adalah metode Euclidean dan Aisle. Tujuan penelitian yaitu untuk menentukan metode yang paling efektif dalam pengukuran jarak antar fasilitas sementara Proyek Dermaga X dalam menentukan site layout yang optimal. Data yang dibutuhkan adalah gambar site layout, jenis fasilitas sementara, jarak antar fasilitas, jumlah perpindahan tenaga kerja, daerah zona bahaya dan tidak bahaya. Pegukuran jarak menggunakan metode Eucladian dan Aisle. Penentuan site layout optimum menggunakan metode Multiobjective Function. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pengukuran jarak antar fasilitas dengan menggunakan metode Eucledian menghasilkan site layout yang paling optimal dibandingkan metode Aisle dengan nilai travelling distance dan safety indeks terkecil yaitu pada site layout alternatif 1 dengan kondisi equal site layout. Optimasi menggunakan metode Multiobjective Function dengan nilai penyetaraan 30% TD dan 70% SI serta 40% TD dan 60% SI diperoleh site layout alternatif 1 paling optimum dengan total nilai penyetaraan TD dan SI sebesar 1,0181 dan 1,0164 yang merupakan nilai TD dan SI penyetaraan terkecil.
The effect of heat pre-treatment on the anaerobic digestion of high-solid pig manure under high organic loading level
Authors: Li Pengfei , Wang Jianlin , Peng Hao , Li Qichen , Wang Ming , Yan Wencong , Boboua Stopira Yannick Benz , Li Wenzhe , Sun Yong , Zheng Guoxiang , Zhang Hongqiong
Published: November 2022

Since more and more large-scale farms appear in China and changes in fecal sewage source disposal, the production of high-concentration solid manure waste is also increasing, and its conversion and utilization are gaining attention. This study investigated the effect of heat pre-treatment (HPT) on the thermophilic anaerobic digestion (AD) of high-solid manure (HSM). Pig manure (PM) feed with a total solids of 13% was used for the HPT and subsequent anaerobic digestion (AD) test. The HPT was carried out at 60°C, 80°C, and 100°C, respectively, for 15 min after the heating reached the set temperature. The results show that HPT led to PM feed COD solubilization, observing a maximum increase of 24.57% after pretreated at 100°C, and the treated PM feed under this condition received the maximum methane production potential of 264.64 mL·g−1 VS in batch AD test, which was 28.76% higher than that of the untreated group. Another semi-continuous AD test explored the maximum volume biogas production rate (VBPR). It involves two organic loading rates (OLR) of 13.4 and 17.8 g VSadded·L−1·d−1. The continuous test exhibited that all the HPT groups could produce biogas normally when the OLR increased to the high level, while the digester fed with untreated PM showed failure. The maximum VBPR of 4.71 L L−1·d−1 was observed from PM feed after pre-treated at 100°C and running at the high OLR. This reveals that thermal treatment can weaken the impact of a larger volume of feed on the AD system. Energy balance analysis demonstrates that it is necessary to use a heat exchanger to reuse energy in the HPT process to reduce the amount of energy input. In this case, the energy input to energy output (Ei/Eo) ranged from 0.34 to 0.55, which was much less than one, suggesting that biogas increment due to heat treatment can reasonably cover the energy consumption of the pre-treatment itself. Thus combining HPT and high-load anaerobic digestion of PM was suitable.
Novel gene signature reveals prognostic model in acute lymphoblastic leukemia
Authors: Chen Panpan , Gao Guanfei , Xu Yuanlin , Jia Peijun , Li Yan , Li Yating , Cao Jiaming , Du Jiangfeng , Zhang Shijie , Zhang Jingxin
Published: November 2022

Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is a type of hematological malignancy and has a poor prognosis. In our study, we aimed to construct a prognostic model of ALL by identifying important genes closely related to ALL prognosis. We obtained transcriptome data (RNA-seq) of ALL samples from the GDC TARGET database and identified differentially expressed genes (DEGs) using the “DESeq” package of R software. We used univariate and multivariate cox regression analyses to screen out the prognostic genes of ALL. In our results, the risk score can be used as an independent prognostic factor to predict the prognosis of ALL patients [hazard ratio (HR) = 2.782, 95% CI = 1.903–4.068, p < 0.001]. Risk score in clinical parameters has high diagnostic sensitivity and specificity for predicting overall survival of ALL patients, and the area under curve (AUC) is 0.864 in the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis results. Our study evaluated a potential prognostic signature with six genes and constructed a risk model significantly related to the prognosis of ALL patients. The results of this study can help clinicians to adjust the treatment plan and distinguish patients with good and poor prognosis for targeted treatment.
Tissue-specific requirement of sodium channel and clathrin linker 1 (Sclt1) for ciliogenesis during limb development
Authors: Lee Hankyu , Moon Kyeong-Hye , Song Jieun , Je Suyeon , Bok Jinwoong , Ko Hyuk Wan
Published: November 2022

Primary cilia have essential roles as signaling centers during development and adult homeostasis. Disruption of ciliary structure or function causes congenital human disorders called ciliopathies. Centriolar distal appendage (DAP) proteins are important for anchoring cilia to the membrane. However, the exact functions of DAP during in vivo ciliogenesis and animal development remain poorly understood. Here, we showed that the DAP component sodium channel and clathrin linker 1 (Sclt1) mutant mice had abnormal craniofacial and limb development with postnatal lethality. In mutant embryos, most of the affected tissues had defects in DAP recruitment to the basal body and docking to the membrane that resulted in reduced ciliogenesis and disrupted hedgehog (Hh) signaling in limb bud mesenchymal cells. However, limb digit formation and ciliogenesis in Sclt1 mutant mice were differentially affected between the fore- and hindlimb buds. The forelimbs developed normally in Sclt1 mutants, but the hindlimbs had preaxial polydactyly. Heterozygous loss of Cep83, another core DAP component, in Sclt1 mutant mice, caused forelimb and hindlimb polydactyly. These findings revealed the tissue-specific differential requirement of DAPs. Taken together, these results indicated that during limb development the ciliary base components, DAPs, play an essential role in ciliogenesis and Hh signaling in vivo in a position-dependent manner.
Synthesis, biological evaluation, and molecular docking of novel hydroxyzine derivatives as potential AR antagonists
Authors: Qi Yueheng , Xue Baoli , Chen Shijin , Wang Wang , Zhou Haifeng , Chen Hong
Published: November 2022

Prostate cancer (PCa) is a malignant tumor with a higher mortality rate in the male reproductive system. In this study, the hydroxyazine derivatives were synthesized with different structure from traditional anti-prostate cancer drugs. In the evaluation of in vitro cytotoxicity and antagonistic activity of PC-3, LNCaP, DU145 and androgen receptor, it was found that the mono-substituted derivatives on the phenyl group (4, 6, 7, and 9) displayed strong cytotoxic activities, and compounds 11–16 showed relatively strong antagonistic potency against AR (Inhibition% >55). Docking analysis showed that compounds 11 and 12 mainly bind to AR receptor through hydrogen bonds and hydrophobic bonds, and the structure-activity relationship was discussed based on activity data. These results suggested that these compounds may have instructive implications for drug structural modification in prostate cancer.
Natural products, including a new caboxamycin, from Streptomyces and other Actinobacteria isolated in Spain from storm clouds transported by Northern winds of Arctic origin
Authors: Sarmiento-Vizcaíno Aida , Martín Jesús , Ortiz-López Francisco Javier , Reyes Fernando , García Luis A. , Blanco Gloria
Published: November 2022

Actinobacteria, mostlyStreptomycesspecies, are the main source of natural products essential in medicine. While the majority of producer microorganisms of secondary metabolite are reported from terrestrial or marine environments, there are limited reports of their isolation from atmospheric precipitations. Clouds are considered as atmospheric oases for microorganisms and there is a recent paradigm shift whereby atmospheric-derived Actinobacteria emerge as an alternative source for drug discovery. In this context, we studied a total of 18 bioactive Actinobacteria strains, isolated by sampling nine precipitation events with prevailing Northern winds in the Cantabrian Sea coast, Northern Spain. Backward trajectories meteorological analyses indicate that air masses were originated mostly in the Arctic Ocean, and their trajectory to downwind areas involved the Atlantic Ocean and also terrestrial sources from continental Europe, and in some events from Canada, Greenland, Mauritania and Canary Islands. Taxonomic identification of the isolates, by 16S rRNA gene sequencing and phylogenetic analyses, revealed that they are members of three Actinobacteria genera. Fifteen of the isolates areStreptomycesspecies, thus increasing the number of bioactive species of this genus in the atmosphere to a 6.8% of the total currently validated species. In addition, two of the strains belong to the genusMicromonosporaand one to genusNocardiopsis. These findings reinforce a previous atmospheric dispersal model, extended herein to the genusMicromonospora. Production of bioactive secondary metabolites was screened in ethyl acetate extracts of the strains by LC-UV-MS and a total of 94 secondary metabolites were detected after LC/MS dereplication. Comparative analyses with natural products databases allowed the identification of 69 structurally diverse natural products with contrasted biological activities, mostly as antibiotics and antitumor agents, but also anti-inflammatory, antiviral, antiparasitic, immunosuppressant and neuroprotective among others. The molecular formulae of the 25 remaining compounds were determined by HRMS. None of these molecules had been previously reported in natural product databases indicating potentially novel metabolites. As a proof of concept, a new metabolite caboxamycin B (1) was isolated from the culture broth ofStreptomycessp. A-177 and its structure was determined by various spectrometric methods. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first novel natural product obtained from an atmosphericStreptomyces, thus pointing out precipitations as an innovative source for discovering new pharmaceutical natural products.
SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern surveillance including Omicron using RT-PCR–based genotyping offers comparable performance to whole genome sequencing
Authors: Vanoni Simone , Matulevicius Arnoldas , Avdiu Besard , Scantamburlo Giada , Ulekleiv Camilla , Brzoska Pius M. , Furtado Manohar R. , Feenstra Jelena D. M. , Rico Alain , Gandhi Manoj , Giacobazzi Elisabetta , Masi Elisa , Paulmichl Markus , Nofziger Charity
Published: November 2022

Known SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern (VOCs) can be detected and differentiated using an RT-PCR–based genotyping approach, which offers quicker time to result, lower cost, higher flexibility, and use of the same laboratory instrumentation for detection of SARS-CoV-2 when compared with whole genome sequencing (WGS). In the current study, we demonstrate how we applied a genotyping approach for identification of all VOCs and that such technique can offer comparable performance to WGS for identification of known SARS-CoV-2 VOCs, including more recent strains, Omicron BA.1 and BA.2.
Marine heatwaves in shallow coastal ecosystems are coupled with the atmosphere: Insights from half a century of daily in situ temperature records
Authors: Cook Felix , Smith Robert O. , Roughan Moninya , Cullen Nicolas J. , Shears Nick , Bowen Melissa
Published: November 2022

Marine heatwaves (MHWs) are extreme ocean temperature events that can have wide-ranging and pervasive effects on marine species and ecosystems. However, studies of MHW characteristics and drivers primarily focus on open-ocean environments, rather than the nearshore coastal ocean (<10 km from coast, <50 m depth). This is despite coastal waters sustaining significant commercial, recreational, and customary fisheries and aquaculture activities that are highly susceptible to the impacts of MHWs. The two longest (>50 year) daily in situ ocean temperature records in the Southern Hemisphere are used to investigate the variability, drivers, and trends of MHWs in shallow water marine ecosystems (SWMEs). Located at the northern and southern limits of New Zealand, both locations experience an average of two to three MHWs annually, with MHWs at the exposed coastline site generally being of longer duration but less intense than those observed within the semi-enclosed harbor site. Observed MHWs have timescales similar to synoptic weather systems (9–13 days) and are most intense during Austral summer with little seasonality in frequency or duration. An investigation of MHWs co-occurring in nearshore coastal and offshore waters suggests that MHWs in semi-enclosed waters (e.g., harbors, estuaries) are more closely coupled with local atmospheric conditions and less likely to have a co-occurring offshore MHW than those occurring on exposed coastlines. Composite analysis using a reanalysis product elucidates specific atmospheric drivers and suggests that atmospheric pressure systems, wind speed and latent heat fluxes are important contributing factors to the generation and decline of MHWs in SWMEs. Investigation of long-term trends in MHW properties revealed an increase in MHW duration and annual MHW days at the southern site and decrease in maximum intensity at the northern site. This is consistent with broad-scale warming trends previously documented at these coastal stations, with differences related to changes in large-scale circulation patterns around New Zealand. Our results highlight the importance of in situ data for the analysis of MHW events in the nearshore coastal ocean, and the role of local atmospheric forcing in modulating the occurrence of MHWs in SWMEs, which can cause decoupling of temperature dynamics with the surrounding shelf sea.
Contextualizing negative attitudes to wildlife and wildlife governance in the moral economy of Swedish farmers
Authors: Larsson Simon , Larsson Susanna Olivia , Bennett Juliana , Sjölander-Lindqvist Annelie
Published: November 2022

Conflicts over managing large carnivores have been prominent in Sweden in recent decades. The most significant controversies are related to wolves, but the bear, lynx, and wolverine are also included. While the state and environmental organizations make efforts to guarantee a viable population of the large protected carnivores, farmers generally have a negative attitude towards large carnivores and a low level of trust in wildlife governance. Based on 22 in-depth interviews, 37 telephone questionnaires with Swedish farmers, and an analysis of 111 applications for protective hunting, this paper aims to demonstrate how these farmers’ perspectives on large carnivores can be explained by moral (sense of right and wrong) and moral economy (a system of obligations related to values and relations intervening with political views and financial decisions). The paper argues that farming, in addition to being an economic activity, is integrated with values, heritage, and relations to other human beings and animals. Farmers understand these values to be threatened by large carnivores, especially by wolves. The paper contextualizes negative sentiments, conflicts, protests, and also illegal hunting of large carnivores in relation to a sense of morals, sense of fairness, meanings, traditions, and mechanisms of daily life. We argue that this perspective provides a lens through which to interpret the conflict between farmers on the one side and the state and animal rights activists on the other. Such interpretation has consequences for understanding the legitimacy of government, shifting the focus from the processes of political governance (predominant in liberal political philosophy) to legitimacy tied to collective notions of social goods.
Differential hemodynamics between arteriovenous fistulas with or without intervention before successful use
Authors: Northrup Hannah , He Yong , Le Ha , Berceli Scott A. , Cheung Alfred K. , Shiu Yan-Ting
Published: November 2022

A significant number of arteriovenous fistulas (AVFs) fail to maturate for dialysis. Although interventions promote maturation, functional primary patency loss is higher for AVFs with interventions (assisted maturation) than AVFs without interventions (un-assisted maturation). Although blood flow-associated hemodynamics have long been proposed to affect AVF remodeling, the optimal hemodynamic parameters for un-assisted maturation are unclear. Additionally, AVF maturation progress is generally not investigated until 6 weeks after AVF creation, and the examination is focused on the AVF’s venous limb. In this exploratory study, patients (n = 6) underwent magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) at 1 day, 6 weeks, and 6 months after AVF creation surgery. Before successful use for hemodialysis, three AVFs required intervention and three did not. MRI of the AVFs were used to calculate lumen cross-sectional area (CSA) and perform computational fluid dynamics (CFD) to analyze hemodynamics, including velocity, wall shear stress (WSS), and vorticity. For the venous limb, the no-intervention group and intervention group had similar pre-surgery vein diameter and 1-day post-surgery venous CSA. However, the no-intervention group had statistically larger 1-day venous velocity (0.97 ± 0.67 m/s; mean ± SD), WSS (333 ± 336 dyne/cm2) and vorticity (1709 ± 1290 1/s) than the intervention group (velocity = 0.23 ± 0.10 m/s; WSS = 49 ± 40 dyne/cm2; vorticity = 493.1 ± 227 1/s) (P < 0.05). At 6 months, the no-intervention group had statistically larger venous CSA (43.5 ± 27.4 mm2) than the intervention group (15.1 ± 6.2 mm2) (P < 0.05). Regarding the arterial limb, no-intervention AVF arteries also had statistically larger 1-day velocity (1.17 ± 1.0 m/s), WSS (340 ± 423 dyne/cm2), vorticity (1787 ± 1694 1/s), and 6-month CSA (22.6 ± 22.7 mm2) than the intervention group (velocity = 0.64 ± 0.36 m/s; WSS = 104 ± 116 dyne/cm2, P < 0.05; vorticity = 867 ± 4551/s; CSA = 10.7 ± 6.0 mm2, P < 0.05). Larger venous velocity, WSS, and vorticity immediately after AVF creation surgery may be important for later lumen enlargement and AVF maturation, with the potential to be used as a tool to help diagnose poor AVF maturation earlier. However, future studies using a larger cohort are needed to validate this finding and determine cut off values, if any.
Fibroblast growth factor-23 and the risk of cardiovascular diseases and mortality in the general population: A systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis
Authors: Liu Menglu , Xia Panpan , Tan Ziqi , Song Tiangang , Mei Kaibo , Wang Jingfeng , Ma Jianyong , Jiang Yuan , Zhang Jing , Zhao Yujie , Yu Peng , Liu Xiao
Published: November 2022

Background

In the past decade, fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23) has been recognized as an important biomarker of cardiovascular diseases. This study aimed to assess the relationship between FGF23 and the risk of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) in general populations.

Methods

The protocol was registered prospectively in PROSPERO (CRD42021281837) and two authors independently searched for relevant studies in the PubMed, EMBASE, and Cochrane Library databases. The random effects model was applied.

Results

In total, 29 prospective studies involving 135,576 participants were included. In the general population, the category analysis revealed that elevated FGF23 levels were related to increased risks of myocardial infarction (MI) (RR: 1.40, 95%CI: 1.03−1.89), stroke (RR: 1.20, 95%CI: 1.02−1.43), heart failure (HF) (RR: 1.37, 95%CI: 1.23−1.52), CVD events (RR: 1.22, 95%CI: 0.99−1.51), cardiovascular mortality (RR: 1.46, 95%CI: 1.29−1.65), and all-cause mortality (RR: 1.50, 95%CI: 1.29−1.74). In the continuous analysis, per doubling of FGF23 was associated with increased risks of MI (RR: 1.08, 95%CI: 0.94−1.25), stroke (RR: 1.21, 95%CI: 0.99−1.48), HF (RR: 1.24, 95%CI: 1.14−1.35), CVD events (RR: 1.12, 95%CI: 0.99−1.27), cardiovascular mortality (RR: 1.43, 95%CI: 1.09−1.88), all-cause mortality (RR: 1.37, 95%CI: 1.15−1.62). Furthermore, the dose-response analysis demonstrated a potentially non-linear relationship between FGF23 and stroke, HF, and all-cause mortality. In contrast, a potentially linear relationship between FGF23 and cardiovascular mortality was observed (p for non-linearity = 0.73).

Conclusion

The present study suggests that increased serum FGF23 levels are positively related to CVD events and mortality in the general population. The clinical application of FGF23 levels to predict CVD risk requires further research.
The hemoglobin glycation index predicts the risk of adverse cardiovascular events in coronary heart disease patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus
Authors: Xu Shuai , Qin Zhen , Yuan Ruixia , Cui Xiaolin , Zhang Li , Bai Jing , Liu Gangqiong , Wang Zeyu , Yu Fengyi , Lv Yan , Zhang Jinying , Tang Junnan
Published: November 2022

Background

Previous studies have shown that the hemoglobin glycation index (HGI) can be used as a predictor of diabetic complications. However, limited information is currently available to indicate the correlation between HGI and comorbidity of coronary heart disease (CHD) and diabetes. This study aimed to evaluate the potential of HGI to predict major adverse cardiovascular events (MACEs) in CHD patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI).

Materials and methods

A total of 918 CHD patients with T2DM were enrolled in a 3-year retrospective cohort study, from December 2017 to December 2020 at the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University. Data including fasting blood glucose (FPG/FBG) and glycated hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) were collected. HGI was calculated as actual measured HbA1c minus predicted HbA1c. Three groups were further divided based on the levels of HGI, including low, medium, and high levels.

Result

Kaplan Meier analysis indicated that elevated HGI was strongly associated with the occurence of MACE (log-rank P < 0.001). Multivariate Cox regression analysis revealed that elevated HGI was an independent risk factor for incident MACE in CHD patients with T2DM [adjusted hazard ratio (HR): 1.473; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.365-1.589, P < 0.001].

Conclusions

Hemoglobin glycation index is an independent predictor of MACE events in CHD patients with T2DM. High HGI indicates a higher risk of MACE occurrence.
Role of miR-199a-5p in the post-transcriptional regulation of ABCA1 in response to hypoxia in peritoneal macrophages
Authors: Aranda Juan Francisco , Pérez-García Ana , Torrecilla-Parra Marta , Fernández-de Frutos Mario , Martín-Martín Yolanda , Mateos-Gómez Pedro A. , Pardo-Marqués Virginia , Busto Rebeca , Ramírez Cristina M.
Published: November 2022

Hypoxia is a crucial factor contributing to maintenance of atherosclerotic lesions. The ability of ABCA1 to stimulate the efflux of cholesterol from cells in the periphery, particularly foam cells in atherosclerotic plaques, is an important anti-atherosclerotic mechanism. The posttranscriptional regulation by miRNAs represents a key regulatory mechanism of a number of signaling pathways involved in atherosclerosis. Previously, miR-199a-5p has been shown to be implicated in the endocytic and retrograde intracellular transport. Although the regulation of miR-199a-5p and ABCA1 by hypoxia has been already reported independently, the role of miR-199a-5p in macrophages and its possible role in atherogenic processes such us regulation of lipid homeostasis through ABCA1 has not been yet investigated. Here, we demonstrate that both ABCA1 and miR-199a-5p show an inverse regulation by hypoxia and Ac-LDL in primary macrophages. Moreover, we demonstrated that miR-199a-5p regulates ABCA1 mRNA and protein levels by directly binding to its 3’UTR. As a result, manipulation of cellular miR-199a-5p levels alters ABCA1 expression and cholesterol efflux in primary mouse macrophages. Taken together, these results indicate that the correlation between ABCA1-miR-199a-5p could be exploited to control macrophage cholesterol efflux during the onset of atherosclerosis, where cholesterol alterations and hypoxia play a pathogenic role.
The benefits and burdens of care: A gendered analysis of American elementary school teachers navigating uncertainty at the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Cohen Elisheva , Willemsen Laura Wangsness
Published: November 2022

This paper brings together anthropology of uncertainty and gender and education to examine the gendered daily experiences of elementary level teachers in the United States at the onset of the COVID-19 emergency. We found that teachers responded to ongoing uncertainty through various forms of care both at work and home: care for students and their families, their colleagues, their school community, their own families, and when possible, themselves. We argue that this care work served as a key mechanism that teachers used to navigate the uncertainty posed by the pandemic while simultaneously serving as a weight that exacerbated their stress, anxiety, and workload, and ultimately limited their capacity to care for themselves. Additionally, we argue that the care-laden responses of elementary school teachers to this crisis both reflect and reify the particularly gendered ways that women are tasked with the necessary work of nurturing in schools as well as in families. This work makes a theoretical contribution to the literature on education in emergencies by framing the concept of emergency through the lenses of uncertainty and gender. We show how providing education in emergency settings can be a productive process functioning along relational and temporal axes. Furthermore, we shed light on the day-to-day work of teachers in a global health emergency and provide a framework for understanding the immense and often gendered care work they do. Finally, by situating this article in the United States, we seek to highlight the presence of emergencies across the Global North, thereby making a case for extending the concept of emergency within the field of education in emergencies beyond the Global South. By examining early pandemic patterns of intensive care work conducted by teachers, this paper helps to explain the global crisis of teacher burnout and attrition 2 years after the pandemic began and offers insight for those seeking to prevent teacher burnout in the next emergency.
Spatial and nonlinear effects of local government debt on environmental pollution: Evidence from China
Authors: Li Feifei , Huang Jieyu , Du Mingyue
Published: November 2022

As a way for the government to integrate funds and make up for fiscal deficits, bond issuance plays an important role in environmental governance and thus impacts environmental quality. Based on the panel data of 30 provinces in China from 2011 to 2019, this study utilizes spatial econometric and threshold panel models to investigate the influence of local government debt on environmental pollution. The empirical results are as follows: 1) Both environmental pollution and local government debt have a significant positive spatial agglomeration effect. 2) The relationship between local government debt and environmental pollution presents a nonlinear U-shaped curve. Specifically, when the debt scale is less than the threshold value, local government debt plays a role in restraining environmental pollution, and when the debt scale exceeds the threshold value, the influence of local government debt on environmental pollution plays a promoting role. 3) A regional heterogeneity test suggests that in the eastern region, the influence of local government debt on environmental pollution is always restraining, while in the central and western regions, this influence is consistent with the national level, showing a U-shaped feature. This study provides a reference for policy-makers in improving environmental quality from the perspective of local government debt. Policy-makers should keep the scale of government debt within a moderate range to avoid the deterioration of environmental quality caused by excessive debt.
Regional Response of Low Carbon Investments to the COVID-19 Pandemic: The Case of Stock Markets in Seeking Carbon Neutrality Goals
Authors: Chen Jiang , Zhao Long , Teresienė Deimantė , Keliuotytė-Staniulėnienė Greta , Budrienė Daiva , Kanapickienė Rasa , Kartasova Jekaterina , Gu Jianqiang
Published: November 2022

Low carbon investments are significant in climate change and sustainable economic growth. The research considers the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on low carbon investments using environmental, social, and governance (ESG) factors in different regions to find the correlation between various markets and the impact of the pandemic. Our research employs the method of covariance/correlation analysis to investigate the relationship between low carbon investments in different regions. We also check the main parameters of descriptive statistics. We use the method of bivariate regression analysis to assess the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the performance of ESG stock indices in Emerging, European, and Global markets. The main findings reveal that the global prevalence and mortality risk of COVID-19 infection have a significant adverse effect on the performance of Emerging, European, and Global ESG stock markets. In contrast, the effect of COVID-19 cases reported deaths caused by COVID-19 infection to appear to be mixed. Our research shows that the correlation between the European ESG stock market and other ESG markets is exceptionally low or negative in the 1-year horizon. In contrast, tendencies in other markets are similar. So it means that the European ESG stock market is a good tool for diversification and risk mitigation during critical moments. Our results can be used in practice for portfolio management purposes. Institutional and other investors can use these results for low carbon portfolio management and risk mitigation.
Ferroptosis in lymphoma: Emerging mechanisms and a novel therapeutic approach
Authors: Zhou Qiao , Li Ting , Qin Qin , Huang Xiaobo , Wang Yi
Published: November 2022

Unlike apoptosis, necroptosis, autophagy, and pyroptosis, ferroptosis represents a new type of cell death, which is characterized by iron-dependent lipid peroxidation. This process relies largely on the metabolite reactive oxygen species (ROS), phospholipids containing polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA-PL), transition metal iron, intra-, and intercellular signaling events, and environmental stress that regulate cellular metabolism and ROS levels. Recent studies show that ferroptosis plays an important role in tumorigenesis, tumor development, and the treatment of hematological malignancies, including lymphoma. Despite the constant emergence of new drugs, the differences in morphological features, immunophenotypes, biological patterns, rates of onset, and response to treatment in lymphoma pose major therapeutic challenges. Since lymphoma is associated with ferroptosis and shows sensitivity towards it, targeting the potential regulatory factors may regulate lymphoma progression. This has emerged as a research hotspot. This review summarizes the current knowledge on ferroptosis induction and resistance mechanisms, their roles and mechanistic details of ferroptosis in lymphoma suppression and immunity, and finally the treatment strategies for lymphoma by targeting ferroptosis.