bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
RELATO DE EXPERIÊNCIA DA ORGANIZAÇÃO DE UM EVENTO SOBRE FISSURA LABIOPALATINA POR UMA LIGA ACADÊMICA DE CIRURGIA PLÁSTICA DE FORTALEZA
Authors: Teixeira Laís Simões , De Oliveira Cunha Laís Fabrício
Published: February 2021

O trabalho aqui desenvolvido apresenta-se como um relato de experiência direcionado a organização de um evento realizado pela Liga de Cirurgia Plástica da Universidade Estadual do Ceará (LCP-UECE) abordando o tema de fissura labiopalatina. Evidencia, inicialmente, uma abordagem teórica sobre a fissura labiopalatina, com a introdução dele, bem como a apresentação da liga responsável pelo evento. No que diz respeito ao relato propriamente dito, foram explicitadas as características do evento bem como o questionário que foi aplicado na ocasião, assim como seu objetivo, que foi de descobrir o quê e quanto a população sabe realmente sobre a fissura labiopalatina para assim evidenciar a importância desse tema para a sociedade, prestando os devidos esclarecimentos após a aplicação, quando necessário. Ao fim da intervenção foi possível concluir que existe uma necessidade de divulgar mais o tema, assim como alertar para a sua importância e informar a população na intenção de desmistificar algumas crenças, que se mostraram presentes no momento da intervenção.
Dentin Bond Strength and Microleakage Comparison of Three Different Universal Adhesives
Authors: ÖZKANOĞLU Seda , AKİN Gulsah
Published: February 2021

Objectives: The aim of this study is to compare the bond strengths and microleakage values of three different universal adhesive systems applied in self-etch to dentin.
Materials and Methods: The study consists of two tests as the bond strength (SBS) test and microleakage test. In the SBS test, the mid-coronal dentin surfaces of forty-five human molars were exposed and randomly assigned into three groups [Single Bond Universal, Optibond XTR, and Tokuyama Universal] and adhesive systems were applied to dentin surfaces. The SBS test was performed after composite build-up. Then, the fracture surfaces were evaluated with a scanning electron microscope (SEM). In the microleakage test, identifical adhesive systems were applied to forty-five human premolars with fasial class V cavities were prepared as in the groups specified in the SBS. After composite resin restoration of cavities, the specimens were thermocycled for 500 cycles and then immersed in basic fuchsine, sectioned, and examined under a stereo-microscope. Data were evaluated using one-way ANOVA, Tukey’s, Chi-square and Mann Whitney U tests.
Results: Among the adhesives, the highest bond strength was achieved in Optibond XTR, while Tokuyama Universal showed the lowest (p<0.05). When evaluated for microleakage, no significant difference was reported in occlusal margins. In gingival margins, Optibond XTR showed less leakage compared to Tokuyama Universal (p<0.05).
Conclusions: One-step universal adhesive systems did not show bond strength and leakage resistance that was as good as the two-step universal adhesive system.
Le bien-être d’élèves du primaire au regard du coenseignement en jumelage en éducation physique et à la santé
Authors: Verret Claudia , Grenier Johanne , Massé Line , Roure Cédric , Langlois-Pelletier Nicia
Published: February 2021

Cette recherche qualitative interprétative s’intéresse à une modalité particulière du coenseignement en éducation physique et à la santé au Québec qui s’organise en jumelage de deux groupes. Elle vise premièrement à documenter les conceptions de 16 élèves du primaire, dont 8 ayant des besoins particuliers, sur leur bien-être lors des cours vécus en condition de coenseignement en jumelage, comparativement aux cours selon la condition de groupe unique. Deuxièmement, elle porte un regard spécifique sur le bien-être perçu des élèves ayant des besoins particuliers dans ces conditions. Les analyses effectuées à partir du modèle théorique du bien-être PERMA de Seligman (2011) permettent de dégager que l’engagement, les relations interpersonnelles et les émotions positives représentent trois dimensions susceptibles de soutenir le bien-être des élèves. En contraste avec la littérature, ces dimensions émergent particulièrement dans un contexte de groupe unique. Les résultats soutiennent aussi l’importance que les élèves ayant des besoins particuliers accordent aux relations interpersonnelles et aux émotions positives comme leviers à leur bien-être. Cette recherche suscite un questionnement sur l’organisation du coenseignement en jumelage en éducation physique et à la santé afin de mieux répondre aux besoins hétérogènes des élèves intégrés dans le groupe.
Ingénieries didactiques coopératives et coenseignement pour contribuer à une scolarisation inclusive
Authors: Toullec-Théry Marie
Published: February 2021

En France, dans l’école inclusive encore naissante, il existe un système de scolarisation à plusieurs voies. Les élèves « à besoins éducatifs particuliers » sont plus souvent scolarisés en classe « ordinaire ». Toutefois, les élèves « en situation de handicap » peuvent aussi être soutenus par un dispositif mené par un enseignant spécialisé ou une enseignante spécialisée. L’unité localisée pour l’inclusion scolaire est alors envisagée comme unsystème didactique auxiliairedusystème didactique centralqu’est la classe.

Nous proposons, dans cet article, deux études de cas, l’une en école élémentaire (élèves de 9 ans), l’autre au collège (élèves de 15 ans). Dans chaque étude, quelques élèves en situation de handicap sont scolarisés en classe « ordinaire », avec le soutien d’une unité localisée pour l’inclusion scolaire. L’enseignante spécialisée ou l’enseignant spécialisé de l’unité localisée et celle ou celui de la classe coenseignent; chaque personne spécialisée mène également un atelier au sein de l’unité localisée pour l’inclusion scolaire. De quelle manière sont alors articulés les systèmes didactiques? En quoi le travail dans chaque dyade enseignante engage-t-il ces acteurs vers des pratiques conjointes?

Deux principaux résultats sont mis au jour. Les instances que sont les réunions d’ingénierie didactique coopérative et le coenseignement sont des vecteurs puissants de modification des pratiques inclusives.
Des rôles didactiques pour les sujets du coenseignement
Authors: Prevel Sandrine , Buznic-Bourgeacq Pablo
Published: February 2021

Les sciences de l’éducation étudient le travail collectif des enseignantes et des
enseignants à travers différents cadres. Cet article propose de penser les liens que crée ce
travail collectif dans l’activité effective de coenseignement. Nous introduisons pour cela
la notion de rôle didactique distribué entre les enseignantes et les enseignants dans la
construction des savoirs en classe et dans le traitement de la difficulté de certains élèves
à partir d’une répartition pérenne, plus ou moins consentie, plus ou moins consciente, des
actions didactiques. Nous analysons une triple collaboration : trois binômes formés par une
enseignante surnuméraire et trois de ses collègues titulaires d’une classe de cycle 2 en
éducation prioritaire font vivre en classe un projet de production d’écrits conçu en commun.
Les résultats donnent à voir une distribution singulière des rôles didactiques dans chacun
des binômes. Ils montrent comment une enseignante surnuméraire parvient à ajuster son
activité au regard des espaces physique, didactique et psychique autorisés par chacune de
ses collègues.
Étude de cas du leadership exercé par trois directions d’établissement dans la mise en oeuvre du coenseignement au secondaire
Authors: Granger Nancy , Tremblay Philippe
Published: February 2021

Le leadership des directions d’établissement est reconnu pour avoir un effet favorable sur l’instauration d’un coenseignement réussi. Plus spécifiquement, il s’agit de relever les pratiques de leadership en contexte d’instauration d’un dispositif de coenseignement, et de dégager des leviers, des défis et des pistes de solutions développées. L’objectif de cet article consiste à identifier le style de leadership mis en oeuvre par les directions. Des entretiens semi-dirigés, ont permis de questionner les directions à partir de six thèmes soit : le contexte de mise en oeuvre du coenseignement, l’organisation scolaire, le mandat donné aux coenseignants, le suivi effectué par la direction, l’appréciation du projet, les conseils à donner à une autre direction et les souhaits pour la suite du projet. Les analyses révèlent trois axes de gestion relatifs au leadership de la direction, soit promouvoir une vision du coenseignement, repenser l’organisation scolaire et établir une relation de confiance avec l’équipe-école. Au final, l’analyse montre que ces trois directions ont mis en oeuvre un leadership plus distribué dans leur école.
Dear Punchy
Authors: Bohunicky Kyle Matthew
Published: February 2021

This article explores how the Animal Crossing series represents and invites players to practice writing. Adopting several frameworks including media speleology, affect theory, and writing studies, this article argues that the representation of writing in the first game in the Animal Crossing series, Animal Forest, resists both the technological and gendered histories typically ascribed to writing and video games. Turning to the ways that players actually practice writing, this article suggests that affect plays a key role in the deep connections that players develop with fellow villagers through the act of letter writing. Ultimately, this article calls for further examination of writing’s role in the cultural significance of Animal Crossing and careful study of its representations in other video games.
Ya quiere amanecer y la plenitud del amor (poesías de Manuel Mantero)
Authors: Lee Cecilia C.
Published: February 2021

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[Lista de suscriptores]
Authors: Snow Joseph T.
Published: February 2021

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Lista adicional de suscriptores a Celestinesca (tomo primero)
Authors: Snow Joseph T.
Published: February 2021

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Subscribers to Vol. 3
Authors: Snow Joseph T.
Published: February 2021

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The Guillaume Chaudière Edition of Jacques de Lavardin's Celestine
Authors: Drysdall D. L.
Published: February 2021

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Faktor-Faktor yang Berhubungan dengan Waktu Kembalinya Menstruasi Pertama Pasca Persalinan di Wilayah Rural, Indonesia
Authors: Adha Nia Reni , Bantas Krisnawati
Published: February 2021

Durasi kembalinya menstruasi pertama di Indonesia dinilai masih sangat cepat. Hal ini berdampak pada peningkatan kehamilan yang tidak direncanakan dan pendeknya jarak lahir.  Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui faktor-faktor yang berhubungan dengan waktu kembalinya menstruasi pertama pasca persalinan di wilayah rural Indonesia. Penelitian ini menggunakan data Survei Demografi Kesehatan Indonesia (SDKI) tahun 2017 dengan responden sebanyak 1701 ibu berusia 15-49 tahun, yang melahirkan anak terakhir dalam waktu 1 tahun sebelum survei. Penelitian ini menggunakan desain studi kohort retrospektif dengan analisis survival/ kesintasan, Cox Regression. Dari penelitian ini didapatkan waktu kembali menstruasi pertama pasca persalinan di Indonesia hingga 12 bulan pengamatan dengan median time tiga bulan. Faktor yang berhubungan dengan waktu kembalinya menstruasi pertama pasca persalinan adalah paritas (HR: 0,830; 95% CI 0,732-0,9941) p-value (0,004). Perlu peningkatan konseling mengenai metode amenore laktasi (MAL) pada wanita yang baru pertama kali melahirkan sebagai pencegahan kehamilan dini.
Making Games
Authors: Werning Stefan
Published: February 2021

An argument that production tools shape the aesthetics and political economy of games as an expressive medium.

In Making Games, Stefan Werning considers the role of tools (primarily but not exclusively software), their design affordances, and the role they play as sociotechnical actors. Drawing on a wide variety of case studies, Werning argues that production tools shape the aesthetics and political economy of games as an expressive medium. He frames game-making as a (meta)game in itself and shows that tools, like games, have their own “procedural rhetoric” and should not always be conceived simply in terms of optimization and best practices.

Considering tools conceptually rather than examining the function of particular tools, Werning offers a new way to think about game development. He employs an expansive definition of tools, outlining four characteristics: tool use occurs all across the value chain of the digital games industry, not just in game creation; tools are manipulatable and shareable objects; tools shape the relationships between different stakeholders; and tools meaningfully frame the purpose for which they are intended. Werning develops this theoretical framework through a series of “tool essays” that reaffirm the direct connection between playing and making games, covering such topics as metaphors of control, tool fandom, playful appropriation of tools, worldbuilding, and the subversive use of character customization tools. Finally, he calls for evocative tool design, envisioning games not just as products but as a form of expression and reflection.
Cervical cancer detection in pap smear whole slide images using convNet with transfer learning and progressive resizing
Authors: Bhatt Anant R. , Ganatra Amit , Kotecha Ketan
Published: February 2021

Cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) and cervical cancer are major health problems faced by women worldwide. The conventional Papanicolaou (Pap) smear analysis is an effective method to diagnose cervical pre-malignant and malignant conditions by analyzing swab images. Various computer vision techniques can be explored to identify potential precancerous and cancerous lesions by analyzing the Pap smear image. The majority of existing work cover binary classification approaches using various classifiers and Convolution Neural Networks. However, they suffer from inherent challenges for minute feature extraction and precise classification. We propose a novel methodology to carry out the multiclass classification of cervical cells from Whole Slide Images (WSI) with optimum feature extraction. The actualization of Conv Net with Transfer Learning technique substantiates meaningful Metamorphic Diagnosis of neoplastic and pre-neoplastic lesions. As the Progressive Resizing technique (an advanced method for training ConvNet) incorporates prior knowledge of the feature hierarchy and can reuse old computations while learning new ones, the model can carry forward the extracted morphological cell features to subsequent Neural Network layers iteratively for elusive learning. The Progressive Resizing technique superimposition in consultation with the Transfer Learning technique while training the Conv Net models has shown a substantial performance increase. The proposed binary and multiclass classification methodology succored in achieving benchmark scores on the Herlev Dataset. We achieved singular multiclass classification scores for WSI images of the SIPaKMed dataset, that is, accuracy (99.70%), precision (99.70%), recall (99.72%), F-Beta (99.63%), and Kappa scores (99.31%), which supersede the scores obtained through principal methodologies. GradCam based feature interpretation extends enhanced assimilation of the generated results, highlighting the pre-malignant and malignant lesions by visual localization in the images.
Metasychis varicollarissp. nov. and report ofMetasychis gotoi(Maldanidae, Annelida) from the China Seas
Authors: Wang Yueyun , Li Xinzheng , Wang Chunsheng
Published: February 2021

Polychaete species are widely distributed throughout Indo-Pacific and European waters. We collectedMetasychisspecimens from the China Seas to report onMetasychis varicollarissp. n. andMetasychis gotoi(Izuka, 1902) in greater detail. Geographic analysis of the potential distribution areas ofM. gotoiindicates that it may be found in most coastal areas of China. The newly discovered species,M. varicollarisandM. gotoi, have an overlapping distribution in the northern South China Sea.Metasychis varicollarissp. n. is characterized by a crenulated cephalic rim, complete collar on chaetiger 1, a packet-shaped anal funnel, and a spirally-fringed notochaetae with spiral pectinate bands imbricated over the main shaft. Our study provides a taxonomic key to all species ofMetasychis.
Influence of periodontal treatment on blood microbiotas: a clinical trial
Authors: Zhang Wenyi , Meng Yang , Jing Jin , Wu Yingtao , Li Shu
Published: February 2021

Objective

To investigate the effects of periodontal treatment on the abundance and diversity of blood microbiota.

Methods and Materials

Twenty-seven periodontitis patients were randomly allocated to a control group (A) and two test groups (B1 and B2). Group A patients received full-mouth scaling and root planing (SRP), group B1 patients received subgingival glycine air polishing (GAP) right after SRP, and group B2 patients received subgingival glycine air polishing right before SRP. Peripheral blood samples were obtained at the baseline, the day after periodontal treatment, and 6 weeks after treatment and evaluated using nested polymerase chain reaction and 16SrRNA Gene Sequencing (Miseq platform).

Results

All participants exhibited significant improvements in the clinical parameters evaluated at the 6-week follow-up visit compared to the values at the baseline, but no significant differences were observed between the three groups. The total bacterial count was lowest in group B2. The bacterial species diversity (α-diversity) in group B1 was significantly higher (Chao-1 index, P = 0.03) and Porphyromonas and Pantoea were the dominant genera (linear discriminant analysis (LDA > 2)) in this group the day after treatment compared to the baseline. No significant difference was detected in the relative abundance and α-diversity of blood microbiota between the baseline and 6 weeks after treatment.

Conclusion

Local periodontal treatment merely disrupts the stability of blood microbiota in the short term. Periodontitis treatment using full-mouth SRP followed by adjunctive GAP is a promising approach to reduce the introduction of bacteria into the bloodstream during the procedure.
Immune function of miR-214 and its application prospects as molecular marker
Authors: Wang Qiuyuan , Liu Yang , Wu Yiru , Wen Jie , Man Chaolai
Published: February 2021

MicroRNAs are a class of evolutionary conserved non-coding small RNAs that play key regulatory roles at the post-transcriptional level. In recent years, studies have shown that miR-214 plays an important role in regulating several biological processes such as cell proliferation and differentiation, tumorigenesis, inflammation and immunity, and it has become a hotspot in the miRNA field. In this review, the regulatory functions of miR-214 in the proliferation, differentiation and functional activities of immune-related cells, such as dendritic cells, T cells and NK cells, were briefly reviewed. Also, the mechanisms of miR-214 involved in tumor immunity, inflammatory regulation and antivirus were discussed. Finally, the value and application prospects of miR-214 as a molecular marker in inflammation and tumor related diseases were analyzed briefly. We hope it can provide reference for further study on the mechanism and application of miR-214.
Nutritional, Organoleptic and Phytochemical Properties of Soursop (Annona muricata) Pulp and Juice after Postharvest Ripening
Authors: Tiencheu Bernard , Egbe Agbor Claudia , Achidi Aduni Ufuan , Tenyang Noel , Ngongang Eurydice Flore Tiepma , Djikeng Fabrice Tonfack , Fossi Bertrand Tatsinkou
Published: February 2021

Aims: Annona comprises many species but four are known as bearers of edible fruits, namely, A. reticulata, A. squamosal, A. cherimola and A. muricata. Soursop is not quite exploited in Cameroon. This work was aimed at determining the nutritional and phytochemical properties of soursop pulp and formulated juices.

Methodology: The proximate composition, mineral and phytochemical contents of the pulp and formulated juice with food additives were determined using standard methods. The sensory evaluation of the juice was conducted using a 9- point hedonic scale.

Results: Overall acceptability of the juices ranged from 3.87- 6.38. The qualitative phytochemical screening of the juices showed major secondary metabolites (alkaloids, saponins, tannins except steroids and glycosides). Quantitatively, total phenolic content ranged from 0.26-0.89mg GAE/ mL. Proximate composition of the pulp and juice also varied showing; protein (0.58-7.45%), lipid (0.10-0.74%), fibre (1.26-24.23%), ash (1.29 to 2.22%), carbohydrate (8.63-21.0%) and moisture (45.0-88.23%).The minerals in the pulp and juice were; K (7.70-10.06mg/g), Fe (0.19-0.42mg/g), Ca (0.96-2.16mg/g), Mg (0.19-0.68mg/g), Zn (0.04-0.08mg/g), P (0.05-1.23) and Na (0.73-0.81mg/g). Inclusion of additives to the juice generally increased the acceptability of consumers.

Conclusion: It can be concluded that soursop pulp and juice contain appreciable amounts of nutrients and phytochemicals which can be exploited to improve nutrition and health. This may contribute to an increase in itsconsumption, a reduction in postharvest losses and an increase in domestication of soursop plant.
Sulforaphane suppresses lipopolysaccharide‐ and Pam3CysSerLys4‐mediated inflammation in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease via toll‐like receptors
Authors: Zeng Xiaoli , Liu Xiaoju , Bao Hairong
Published: February 2021

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a progressive inflammatory disease of the airway that represents a large global disease burden. Inflammation is a prominent feature of COPD and represents an important target for treatment. Toll‐like receptors (TLRs) are pattern recognition receptors that detect invading microorganisms and nonmicrobial endogenous molecules to trigger inflammatory responses during host defense and tissue repair. The TLR signaling pathway is closely linked to the pathogenesis of COPD. Sulforaphane (SFN), an isothiocyanate derived from cruciferous vegetables, is well known for its anti‐inflammatory activities. However, the molecular function of SFN in inhibition of COPD inflammation has yet to be fully elucidated. In this study, we investigated the effects of SFN on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)‐ or Pam3CysSerLys4 (Pam3CSK4)‐induced inflammation in monocyte‐derived macrophages (MDMs) from patients with COPD. MDMs from patients with COPD showed higher expression levels of TLR2, TLR4 and downstream myeloid differentiation factor 88 (MyD88) than healthy controls, along with increased secretion of interleukin‐6 (IL‐6) and tumor necrosis factor‐α (TNF‐α) (P < 0.05). Stimulation with TLR ligands (Pam3CSK4 and LPS) up‐regulated the levels of TLR2, TLR4 and MyD88 in MDMs from patients with COPD and induced the release of IL‐6 and TNF‐α (P < 0.05). Pretreatment of MDMs from patients with COPD with SFN significantly suppressed Pam3CSK4‐ or LPS‐induced TLR2, TLR4 and MyD88 expression, along with a reduction in the production of IL‐6 and TNF‐α (P < 0.05). Collectively, these data indicate that SFN exerts its anti‐inflammatory activity in COPD by modulating the TLR pathway. SFN may represent a potential therapeutic agent for the treatment of COPD.
Scanner‐Based Direct Laser Interference Patterning on Stainless Steel
Authors: Madelung Aleksander , Alamri Sabri , Steege Tobias , Krupop Benjamin , Lasagni Andrés Fabián , Kunze Tim
Published: February 2021

Direct laser interference patterning (DLIP) so far has been used almost exclusively in combination with mechanical translation stages reaching impressive throughputs for very specific configurations. As an alternative, DLIP modules can be combined with laser scanners, however presenting some limitations in comparison with standard static optical setups due to the limited possible spatial separation between the interfering beams. Herein, the fabrication of periodic microstructures on stainless steel using a galvanometer‐scanner DLIP approach is addressed. Line‐like patterns with spatial periods ranging from 2.9 to 12.8 μm are produced using a nanosecond pulsed laser source operating at a wavelength of 527 nm. The scan fields generated are evaluated with respect to the structure quality and scan field size, with dependence on the spatial period. Furthermore, the correlation between the spatial period, laser fluence, total number of pulses, and resulting structure depth of the line‐like patterns is discussed. In addition, the optimization of process parameters leads to surface patterns with aspect ratios greater than 1. The achievable structuring speeds are determined under consideration of the used number of pulses. Finally, throughputs up to 7.69 cm2 min−1 with less than 0.5 W laser power at a repetition rate of 3.5 kHz are realized.
Photochemical and Electrochemical Strategies towards Benzylic C−H Functionalization: A Recent Update
Authors: Oliva Monica , Coppola Guglielmo A. , Van der Eycken Erik V. , Sharma Upendra K.
Published: February 2021

Transition metal‐catalysed processes have been widely used for the functionalization of inert C−H bonds. Strategies for the functionalization of the benzylic C−H position having a relatively weak C−H bond (bond dissociation energy∼ 80–90 kcal/mol) differ from the inert aliphatic and aromatic C−H positions with stronger C−H bonds. The recent advances in the direct activation of the benzylic position through the generation of C(sp3) radicals have demonstrated the potential of electrochemistry and photochemistry as a means for constructing new chemical bonds. This review will cover the recent progress of benzylic C−H functionalization through organic radical strategies employing photochemistry and electrochemistry as sustainable tools. In addition, the mechanistic details of the typical reactions have been included which, in turn, will help the researchers to look at this promising area from a different perspective towards new discoveries and often hidden opportunities.

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Rapid Construction of Polycyclic Ketones and the Divergent Kinetic Resolution Using Ruthenium‐Catalyzed Transfer Hydrogenation
Authors: Lan Shouang , Zhang Hao , Chen Zhizhou , Yang Shuang , Fang Xinqiang
Published: February 2021

A unique cascade sequence of vinylogous Michael addition‐Michael addition‐oxa‐Michael addition using dienone substrates was reported for the first time, achieving the rapid construction of 5/6/5 fused ring compounds in good yields with good to high stereoselectivities under mild conditions. Enantioenriched polycyclic rings can be obtained with high level of enantioselectivity by the stereodivergent resolution using ruthenium‐catalyzed transfer hydrogenation. The protocol provides a concise approach for the construction of the related fused ring substances.

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Multicomponent Self‐Assembly of a Giant Heterometallic Polyoxotungstate Supercluster with Antitumor Activity
Authors: Liu Jian‐Cai , Wang Jie‐Fei , Han Qing , Shangguan Ping , Liu Lu‐Lu , Chen Li‐Juan , Zhao Jun‐Wei , Streb Carsten , Song Yu‐Fei
Published: February 2021

The hierarchical aggregation of molecular nanostructures from multiple components is a grand synthetic challenge, which requires highly selective linkage control. We demonstrate how two orthogonal linkage groups, that is, organotin and lanthanide cations, can be used to drive the aggregation of a giant molecular metal oxide superstructure. The title compound {[(Sn(CH3)2)2O]4{[CeW5O18] [TeW4O16][CeSn(CH3)2]4[TeW8O31]4}2}46− (1 a) features dimensions of ca. 2.2×2.3×3.4 nm3 and a molecular weight of ca. 25 kDa. Structural analysis shows the hierarchical aggregation from several independent subunits. Initial biomedical tests show that 1 features an inhibitory effect on the proliferation of HeLa cells based on an apoptosis pathway. In vivo experiments in mice reveal the antiproliferative activity of 1 and open new paths for further development of this new compound class.
Consecutive O−S/N−S Bond Cleavage in Gold‐Catalyzed Rearrangement Reactions of Alkynyl N‐Sulfinylimines
Authors: Tashiro Hiroki , Terada Masahiro , Nakamura Itaru
Published: February 2021

Gold‐catalyzed reactions of alkynyl N‐sulfinylimines were used to produce the corresponding 2H‐azirines possessing sulfenyl and acyl groups at the 3‐position of the azirine ring in good to excellent yields. These reactions involved internal transfer of the sulfinyl oxygen atom to form a thiooxime intermediate tethered to an α‐oxo gold carbene moiety. Subsequent insertion of the carbene into the N−S bond resulted in ring construction.
Quantitative Assessment of the Physical Virus Titer and Purity by Ultrasensitive Flow Virometry
Authors: Niu Qian , Ma Ling , Zhu Shaobin , Li Lan , Zheng Qisheng , Hou Jibo , Lian Hong , Wu Lina , Yan Xiaomei
Published: February 2021

Rapid quantification of viruses is vital for basic research on viral diseases as well as biomedical application of virus‐based products. Here, we report the development of a high‐throughput single‐particle method to enumerate intact viral particles by ultrasensitive flow virometry, which detects single viruses as small as 27 nm in diameter. The nucleic acid dye SYTO 82 was used to stain the viral (or vector) genome, and a laboratory‐built nano‐flow cytometer (nFCM) was employed to simultaneously detect the side‐scatter and fluorescence signals of individual viral particles. Using the bacteriophage T7 as a model system, intact virions were completely discriminated from empty capsids and naked viral genomes. Successful measurement of the physical virus titer and purity was demonstrated for recombinant adenoviruses, which could be used for gene delivery, therapeutic products derived from phage cocktails, and infected cell supernatants for veterinary vaccine production.
In Situ Synthesis of Uranyl‐Imprinted Nanocage for Selective Uranium Recovery from Seawater
Authors: Feng Lijuan , Wang Hui , Feng Tiantian , Yan Bingjie , Yu Qiuhan , Zhang Jiacheng , Guo Zhanhu , Yuan Yihui , Ma Chunxin , Liu Tao , Wang Ning
Published: February 2021

An adaptive coordination structure is vital for selective uranium extraction from seawater. By strategy of molecular imprinting, uranyl is introduced into a multivariate metal–organic framework (MOF) during the synthesis process to guide the in situ construction of proper nanocage structure for targeting uranyl binding. Except for the coordination between uranium with four oxygen from the materials, the axial oxygen of uranyl also forms hydrogen bonds with hydrogen from the phenolic hydroxyl group, which enhances the binding affinity of the material to uranyl. Attributing to the high binding affinity, the adsorbent shows high uranium binding selectivity to uranyl against not only the interfering metal ions, but also the carbonate group that coordinates with uranyl to form [UO2(CO)3]4− in seawater. In natural seawater, the adsorbent realizes a high uranium adsorption capacity of 7.35 mg g−1, together with an 18.38 times higher selectivity to vanadium.
Iron‐Catalyzed Tertiary Alkylation of Terminal Alkynes with 1,3‐Diesters via a Functionalized Alkyl Radical
Authors: Tian Ming‐Qing , Shen Zhen‐Yao , Zhao Xuefei , Walsh Patrick J. , Hu Xu‐Hong
Published: February 2021

Direct oxidative C(sp)−H/C(sp3)−H cross‐coupling offers an ideal and environmentally benign protocol for C(sp)−C(sp3) bond formations. As such, reactivity and site‐selectivity with respect to C(sp3)−H bond cleavage have remained a persistent challenge. Herein is reported a simple method for iron‐catalyzed/silver‐mediated tertiary alkylation of terminal alkynes with readily available and versatile 1,3‐dicarbonyl compounds. The reaction is suitable for an array of substrates and proceeds in a highly selective manner even employing alkanes containing other tertiary, benzylic, and C(sp3)−H bonds alpha to heteroatoms. Elaboration of the products enables the synthesis of a series of versatile building blocks. Control experiments implicate the in situ generation of a tertiary carbon‐centered radical species.
A Crocheted Model Activity for Teaching Embryonic Lateral Folding to Medical Students
Authors: McConnell Sarah E.A. , Mooney Christopher J.
Published: February 2021

Knowledge of embryology is foundational for understanding normal anatomy and birth defects, yet, embryology is a notoriously difficult subject for medical students. Embryonic lateral folding in particular is one of the most challenging concepts in embryology. Highly effective teaching methods that promote active engagement with dynamic, three‐dimensional models may be helpful for teaching this content. The aim of this study was to determine whether a hands‐on modeling activity utilizing premade crocheted pieces constructed from durable, inexpensive yarn helped medical students enrolled in a pre‐matriculation course to understand embryonic lateral folding. Change in knowledge was assessed using a pre–post design. Students also completed subjective evaluations regarding their satisfaction with the activity. Quiz scores in means (±SD) increased from 62.7 (±24.1) % before the activity to 77.0 (±17.1) % after the activity (P = 0.0495, two‐tailed pairedttest;d = 0.68). Generally, students reported that the activity was helpful and enjoyable, and the model pieces were easy to manipulate. These promising results suggest that hands‐on activities with dynamic, three‐dimensional models constitute an effective method for teaching embryology.
Regulating Spin Dynamics of Nitronyl Nitroxide Biradical Lanthanide Complexes through Introducing Different Transition Metals
Authors: Jing Pei , Xi Lu , Lu Jiao , Han Jing , Huang Xiaohui , Jin Chaoyi , Xie Junfang , Li Licun
Published: February 2021

Four biradical‐Ln complexes with different transition metal ions, namely [LnM(hfac)5(NITPh‐PyPzbis)] (MII=MnII and LnIII=Gd 1, Dy 2; MII=NiII and LnIII=Tb 3, Dy 4), were prepared by the reaction of Ln(hfac)3 ⋅ 2H2O, Mn(hfac)2 ⋅ 2H2O or Ni(hfac)2 ⋅ 2H2O with NITPh‐PyPzbis biradical (hfac=hexafluoroacetylacetonate, NITPh‐PyPzbis=5‐(3‐(2‐pyridinyl)‐1H‐pyrazol‐1‐yl)‐1,3‐bis(1’‐oxyl‐3’‐oxido‐ 4’,4’,5’,5’‐tetramethyl‐4,5‐hydro‐1H‐imidazol‐2‐yl)benzene). In complexes 1–4, the NITPh‐PyPzbis biradical chelates one LnIII ion by means of its aminoxyl moieties and the transition metal ion is introduced through the two N donors from the pyridyl pyrazolyl moiety. Magnetic investigations indicate that complex 4 displays visible maxima in frequency/temperature‐dependent χ′′ signals with two‐step relaxation processes, but complex 2 exhibits no slow magnetization relaxation. The comparison of structure parameters of both Dy complexes indicates that the symmetries of coordination spheres of two Dy ions are D2d for 2 and C2v for 4, which thus probably results in different magnetic relaxation behaviors. This work provides new insight for improving properties of Ln‐biradical based SMMs.
Twisted intramolecular motion arrested in aggregated state emission and the nonlinear optical properties of pyrene pyrazoline derivatives
Authors: Karuppusamy A. , Kannan P. , Rajakumar K. , Zherebtsov D.
Published: February 2021

Heterocyclic pyrene pyrazoline moieties containing similar structures but with differences in thiophene (PPT), furan (PPF) and pyridine (PPP) substitutions at the terminal molecules were synthesized. Their aggregation behaviour in THF–water mixtures was investigated and results demonstrated that PPT and PPP exhibited aggregation‐induced emission (AIE), whereas PPF exhibited aggregation‐induced blue‐shifted emission (AIBSE). PPT and PPP provided red‐shifted emission, while PPF had observed blue‐shifted emission at high water fractions of 70–90%, confirming that aggregation effects played a major role in the molecular structure. Two emission peaks from locally excited and twisted intramolecular charge transfer confirmed the twisted nature from the dihedral angle values of the free reorganized molecules that were completely restricted in high water fractions due to molecular aggregation. This was further confirmed from colour Commission Internationale de l’Eclairage values as well as dynamic light scattering analysis. Third‐order nonlinear optical properties were studied using a Nd:Yag laser beam Z‐scan technique at 532 nm. The open aperture Z‐scan revealed that PPT and PPF towards the peak point endured strong saturable absorption, whereas PPP indicated a strong reverse saturable absorption process. The AIE and AIBSE mechanisms from undergoing restricted twisting intramolecular motion in the aggregated luminogens provide great insight into new developments in AIEgen materials for these optoelectronic materials.
De novo sequence redesign of a functional Ras‐binding domain globally inverted the surface charge distribution and led to extreme thermostability
Authors: Liu Ruicun , Wang Jichao , Xiong Peng , Chen Quan , Liu Haiyan
Published: February 2021

To acquire extremely thermostable proteins of given functions is challenging for conventional protein engineering. Here we applied ABACUS, a statistical energy function we developed for de novo amino acid sequence design, to globally redesign a Ras‐binding domain (RBD), and obtained an extremely thermostable RBD that unfolds reversibly at above 110°C, the redesigned RBD experimentally confirmed to have expected structure and Ras‐binding interface. Directed evolution of the redesigned RBD improved its Ras‐binding affinity to the native protein level without excessive loss of thermostability. The designed amino acid substitutions were mostly at the protein surface. For many substitutions, strong epistasis or significantly differentiated effects on thermostability in the native sequence context relative to the redesigned sequence context were observed, suggesting the globally redesigned sequence to be unreachable through combining beneficial mutations of the native sequence. Further analyses revealed that by replacing 38 of a total of 48 non‐interfacial surface residues at once, ABACUS redesign was able to globally “invert” the protein's charge distribution pattern in an optimized way. Our study demonstrates that computational protein design provides powerful new tools to solve challenging protein engineering problems.
Optimization of Gold Nanoparticle Synthesis in Continuous‐Flow Micromixers Using Response Surface Methodology
Authors: Sarsfield Marissa , Roberts Alexa , Streletzky Kiril A. , Fodor Petru S. , Kothapalli Chandrasekhar R.
Published: February 2021

Gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) were synthesized in microfluidic mixers by means of response surface methodology (RSM). A reverse‐staggered herringbone micromixer was employed and reaction temperature, concentration ratio of reactants, Reynolds number, and pH of chloroauric acid were varied, with desired responses being particle size and peak intensity from UV spectroscopy. RSM was performed by simultaneously optimizing variable ranges to identify the best fit of polynomial equations to experimental data. Results revealed the individual and synergistic roles of each reaction variable on particle size and UV peak intensity, leading to identification of the largest design space. The effect of reaction variables on AuNP synthesis and particle size was confirmed in serpentine mixers.
Controlling Light‐Induced Proton Transfer from the GFP Chromophore
Authors: Langeland Jeppe , Persen Natascha W. , Gruber Elisabeth , Kiefer Hjalte V. , Kabylda Adil M. , Bochenkova Anastasia V. , Andersen Lars H.
Published: February 2021

Green Fluorescent Protein (GFP) is known to undergo excited‐state proton transfer (ESPT). Formation of a short H‐bond favors ultrafast ESPT in GFP‐like proteins, such as the GFP S65T/H148D mutant, but the detailed mechanism and its quantum nature remain to be resolved. Here we study in vacuo, light‐induced proton transfer from the GFP chromophore in hydrogen‐bonded complexes with two anionic proton acceptors, I− and deprotonated trichloroacetic acid (TCA−). We address the role of the strong H‐bond and the quantum mechanical proton‐density distribution in the excited state, which determines the proton‐transfer probability. Our study shows that chemical modifications to the molecular network drastically change the proton‐transfer probability and it can become strongly wavelength dependent. The proton‐transfer branching ratio is found to be 60 % for the TCA complex and 10 % for the iodide complex, being highly dependent on the photon energy in the latter case. Using high‐level ab initio calculations, we show that light‐induced proton transfer takes place in S1, revealing intrinsic photoacid properties of the isolated GFP chromophore in strongly bound H‐bonded complexes. ESPT is found to be very sensitive to the topography of the highly anharmonic potential in S1, depending on the quantum‐density distribution upon vibrational excitation. We also show that the S1 potential‐energy surface, and hence excited‐state proton transfer, can be controlled by altering the chromophore microenvironment.
The significance of left ventricular ejection time in heart failure with reduced ejection fraction
Authors: Alhakak Alia S. , Teerlink John R. , Lindenfeld Joann , Böhm Michael , Rosano Giuseppe M.C. , Biering‐Sørensen Tor
Published: February 2021

Left ventricular ejection time (LVET) is defined as the time interval from aortic valve opening to aortic valve closure, and is the phase of systole during which the left ventricle ejects blood into the aorta. LVET has been used for several decades to assess left ventricular function and contractility. However, there is a recent interest in LVET as a measure of therapeutic action for novel drugs in patients with heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF), since LVET is shortened in these patients. This review provides an overview of the available information on LVET including methods of measuring LVET, mechanistic understanding of LVET, association of LVET with outcomes, mechanisms behind shortened LVET in HFrEF and the potential implications of drugs that affect and normalize LVET.
Step by step: Testing the staircase model of intergroup apologies
Authors: Nunney Samuel J. , Manstead Antony S. R.
Published: February 2021

Despite the assumption that intergroup apologies should lead to forgiveness in the same way that interpersonal ones do, research suggests that this is not the case. We report two studies exploring the application of the Staircase Model of Intergroup Apologies (Wohl et al., 2011), in which an intergroup apology is embedded in a broader reconciliation process. Participants read accounts of an intergroup conflict (the “Troubles” in Northern Ireland) and subsequent efforts to achieve reconciliation, focusing on an official apology issued by the IRA. The content of this apology was varied such that the steps specified by the Staircase Model were presented either sequentially (Study 1) or in a manipulated order (Study 2). Both studies yielded results that were broadly supportive of the model. There were significant effects on measures of forgiveness, perceptions of the perpetrating group, and negative emotion (in particular disgust). The implications for enhancing the efficacy of intergroup apologies are discussed.
Monarch Butterfly (Danaus plexippus) Life-Stage Risks from Foliar and Seed-Treatment Insecticides
Authors: Krishnan Niranjana , Zhang Yang , Aust Melanie E. , Hellmich Richard L. , Coats Joel R. , Bradbury Steven P.
Published: February 2021

Conservation of North America's eastern monarch butterfly (Danaus plexippus) population would require establishment of milkweed (Asclepias spp.) and nectar plants in the agricultural landscapes of the north central United States. A variety of seed-treatment and foliar insecticides are used to manage early- and late-season pests in these landscapes. Thus, there is a need to assess risks of these insecticides to monarch butterfly life stages to inform habitat conservation practices. Chronic and acute dietary toxicity studies were undertaken with larvae and adults, and acute topical bioassays were conducted with eggs, pupae, and adults using 6 representative insecticides: beta-cyfluthrin (pyrethroid), chlorantraniliprole (anthranilic diamide), chlorpyrifos (organophosphate), imidacloprid, clothianidin, and thiamethoxam (neonicotinoids). Chronic dietary median lethal concentration values for monarch larvae ranged from 1.6 × 10–3 (chlorantraniliprole) to 5.3 (chlorpyrifos) μg/g milkweed leaf, with the neonicotinoids producing high rates of arrested pupal ecdysis. Chlorantraniliprole and beta-cyfluthrin were generally the most toxic insecticides to all life stages, and thiamethoxam and chlorpyrifos were generally the least toxic. The toxicity results were compared to insecticide exposure estimates derived from a spray drift model and/or milkweed residue data reported in the literature. Aerial applications of foliar insecticides are expected to cause high downwind mortality in larvae and eggs, with lower mortality predicted for adults and pupae. Neonicotinoid seed treatments are expected to cause little to no downslope mortality and/or sublethal effects in larvae and adults. Given the vagile behavior of nonmigratory monarchs, considering these results within a landscape-scale context suggests that adult recruitment will not be negatively impacted if new habitat is established in close proximity of maize and soybean fields in the agricultural landscapes of the north central United States. Environ Toxicol Chem 2021;40:1761–1777. © 2021 The Authors. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of SETAC.
Quantifying the impact of no‐till on runoff in southern Brazil at hillslope and catchment scales
Authors: Londero Ana L. , Minella Jean P. G. , Schneider Fabio J. A. , Deuschle Dinis , Menezes Danrlei , Evrard Olivier , Boeni Madalena , Merten Gustavo H.
Published: February 2021

No‐till (NT) is a conservation system that improves the hydrological regime of agricultural slopes by providing greater surface protection and benefits to the physical and hydrological properties of soils. However, the isolated use of NT is not enough to control runoff and its associated degradation processes. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the runoff of agricultural slopes under NT under different runoff control conditions by monitoring 63 rainfall events in two 2.4‐ha zero‐order catchments and 27 rainfall events in four 0.6‐ha macroplots. The catchments are paired and similar in terms of the type of soil and relief, but different regarding the presence of terraces. The macroplots have different soil and crop management systems. By using monitoring techniques, the hyetographs and hydrographs revealed the influence of the different types of management on the catchments and macroplots and allowed rainfall characteristics, runoff volume, runoff coefficients, water infiltration, peak runoff, response times, and curve number to be analysed. The terraces positively affected the NT and controlled runoff and related variables, in addition to infiltration significantly increasing and runoff reducing in the terraced catchment. All the hydrological information assessed pointed to the positive effects provided by the presence of the terraces. The results in the macroplots showed that high amounts of phytomass and/or chiselling do not control runoff and its correlated variables in medium and high magnitude events. The study concludes by underlining the need for additional measures to control runoff (terraces), even in areas under NT and with high phytomass production. Additionally, the study emphasizes the importance of monitoring at the catchment scale to better understand the hydrological behaviour of agricultural areas and provide the necessary parameters to effectively control runoff.