bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Inhibition of keratinocyte ferroptosis suppresses psoriatic inflammation
Authors: Shou Yanhong , Yang Lu , Yang Yongsheng , Xu Jinhua
Published: October 2021

Psoriasis is a common, chronic, and recurrent inflammatory disease. It is characterized by hyperproliferation and abnormal differentiation of keratinocytes. Keratinocyte death is also involved in many pathophysiological conditions and amplifies the inflammatory cascade. As a newly recognized form of cell death, ferroptosis is involved in several inflammatory diseases. In this study, we aimed to investigate a previously unrecognized role for ferroptosis in psoriasis. Ferroptosis is mediated by lipid peroxidation and iron overload. Compared with normal lesions, the mRNA expression of acyl-CoA synthetase long-chain family member 4 (ACSL4), prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 (PTGS2), and transferrin receptor (TFRC) were highly expressed in psoriatic lesions, with decreased levels of glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4), ferritin light chain (FTL), and ferritin heavy chain 1 (FTH1). The protein levels of ACSL4 and GPX4 were consistent with their mRNA levels. A similar tendency of ferroptosis was also observed in erastin-treated human primary keratinocytes and the Imiquimod (IMQ)-induced model of psoriasis. To investigate the correlation between inflammation and peroxidation, we analyzed single-cell RNA-sequencing data and identified 15 cell types. There was a high correlation between the activity of the lipid oxidation and the Th22/Th17 response in keratinocytes at a single-cell level. Moreover, ferrostatin-1 (Fer-1), a potent inhibitor of lipid peroxidation, suppressed ferroptosis-related changes in erastin-treated keratinocytes and alleviated psoriasiform dermatitis of IMQ-induced models. Additionally, Fer-1 blocked inflammatory responses in vitro and in vivo, reducing the production of cytokines including TNF-α, IL-6, IL-1α, IL-1β, IL-17, IL-22, and IL-23. This study revealed an expression pattern of ferroptosis in which specific molecules enhance inflammatory reactions in psoriasis.
Microcavity phonon polaritons from the weak to the ultrastrong phonon–photon coupling regime
Authors: Barra-Burillo María , Muniain Unai , Catalano Sara , Autore Marta , Casanova Fèlix , Hueso Luis E. , Aizpurua Javier , Esteban Ruben , Hillenbrand Rainer
Published: October 2021

Strong coupling between molecular vibrations and microcavity modes has been demonstrated to modify physical and chemical properties of the molecular material. Here, we study the less explored coupling between lattice vibrations (phonons) and microcavity modes. Embedding thin layers of hexagonal boron nitride (hBN) into classical microcavities, we demonstrate the evolution from weak to ultrastrong phonon-photon coupling when the hBN thickness is increased from a few nanometers to a fully filled cavity. Remarkably, strong coupling is achieved for hBN layers as thin as 10 nm. Further, the ultrastrong coupling in fully filled cavities yields a polariton dispersion matching that of phonon polaritons in bulk hBN, highlighting that the maximum light-matter coupling in microcavities is limited to the coupling strength between photons and the bulk material. Tunable cavity phonon polaritons could become a versatile platform for studying how the coupling strength between photons and phonons may modify the properties of polar crystals.
A non-canonical, interferon-independent signaling activity of cGAMP triggers DNA damage response signaling
Authors: Banerjee Daipayan , Langberg Kurt , Abbas Salar , Odermatt Eric , Yerramothu Praveen , Volaric Martin , Reidenbach Matthew A. , Krentz Kathy J. , Rubinstein C. Dustin , Brautigan David L. , Abbas Tarek , Gelfand Bradley D. , Ambati Jayakrishna , Kerur Nagaraj
Published: October 2021

Cyclic guanosine monophosphate-adenosine monophosphate (cGAMP), produced by cyclic GMP-AMP synthase (cGAS), stimulates the production of type I interferons (IFN). Here we show that cGAMP activates DNA damage response (DDR) signaling independently of its canonical IFN pathways. Loss of cGAS dampens DDR signaling induced by genotoxic insults. Mechanistically, cGAS activates DDR in a STING-TBK1-dependent manner, wherein TBK1 stimulates the autophosphorylation of the DDR kinase ATM, with the consequent activation of the CHK2-p53-p21 signal transduction pathway and the induction of G1 cell cycle arrest. Despite its stimulatory activity on ATM, cGAMP suppresses homology-directed repair (HDR) through the inhibition of polyADP-ribosylation (PARylation), in which cGAMP reduces cellular levels of NAD+; meanwhile, restoring NAD+ levels abrogates cGAMP-mediated suppression of PARylation and HDR. Finally, we show that cGAMP also activates DDR signaling in invertebrate species lacking IFN (Crassostrea virginica and Nematostella vectensis), suggesting that the genome surveillance mechanism of cGAS predates metazoan interferon-based immunity.
Histone H4 lysine 16 acetylation controls central carbon metabolism and diet-induced obesity in mice
Authors: Pessoa Rodrigues Cecilia , Chatterjee Aindrila , Wiese Meike , Stehle Thomas , Szymanski Witold , Shvedunova Maria , Akhtar Asifa
Published: October 2021

Noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) account for over 70% of deaths world-wide. Previous work has linked NCDs such as type 2 diabetes (T2D) to disruption of chromatin regulators. However, the exact molecular origins of these chronic conditions remain elusive. Here, we identify the H4 lysine 16 acetyltransferase MOF as a critical regulator of central carbon metabolism. High-throughput metabolomics unveil a systemic amino acid and carbohydrate imbalance in Mof deficient mice, manifesting in T2D predisposition. Oral glucose tolerance testing (OGTT) reveals defects in glucose assimilation and insulin secretion in these animals. Furthermore, Mof deficient mice are resistant to diet-induced fat gain due to defects in glucose uptake in adipose tissue. MOF-mediated H4K16ac deposition controls expression of the master regulator of glucose metabolism, Pparg and the entire downstream transcriptional network. Glucose uptake and lipid storage can be reconstituted in MOF-depleted adipocytes in vitro by ectopic Glut4 expression, PPARγ agonist thiazolidinedione (TZD) treatment or SIRT1 inhibition. Hence, chronic imbalance in H4K16ac promotes a destabilisation of metabolism triggering the development of a metabolic disorder, and its maintenance provides an unprecedented regulatory epigenetic mechanism controlling diet-induced obesity.
Microtubule-based transport is essential to distribute RNA and nascent protein in skeletal muscle
Authors: Denes Lance T. , Kelley Chase P. , Wang Eric T.
Published: October 2021

While the importance of RNA localization in highly differentiated cells is well appreciated, basic principles of RNA localization in skeletal muscle remain poorly characterized. Here, we develop a method to detect and quantify single molecule RNA localization patterns in skeletal myofibers, and uncover a critical role for directed transport of RNPs in muscle. We find that RNAs localize and are translated along sarcomere Z-disks, dispersing tens of microns from progenitor nuclei, regardless of encoded protein function. We find that directed transport along the lattice-like microtubule network of myofibers becomes essential to achieve this localization pattern as muscle development progresses; disruption of this network leads to extreme accumulation of RNPs and nascent protein around myonuclei. Our observations suggest that global active RNP transport may be required to distribute RNAs in highly differentiated cells and reveal fundamental mechanisms of gene regulation, with consequences for myopathies caused by perturbations to RNPs or microtubules.
Deep learning-based segmentation of lithium-ion battery microstructures enhanced by artificially generated electrodes
Authors: Müller Simon , Sauter Christina , Shunmugasundaram Ramesh , Wenzler Nils , De Andrade Vincent , De Carlo Francesco , Konukoglu Ender , Wood Vanessa
Published: October 2021

Accurate 3D representations of lithium-ion battery electrodes, in which the active particles, binder and pore phases are distinguished and labeled, can assist in understanding and ultimately improving battery performance. Here, we demonstrate a methodology for using deep-learning tools to achieve reliable segmentations of volumetric images of electrodes on which standard segmentation approaches fail due to insufficient contrast. We implement the 3D U-Net architecture for segmentation, and, to overcome the limitations of training data obtained experimentally through imaging, we show how synthetic learning data, consisting of realistic artificial electrode structures and their tomographic reconstructions, can be generated and used to enhance network performance. We apply our method to segment x-ray tomographic microscopy images of graphite-silicon composite electrodes and show it is accurate across standard metrics. We then apply it to obtain a statistically meaningful analysis of the microstructural evolution of the carbon-black and binder domain during battery operation.
TMK-based cell-surface auxin signalling activates cell-wall acidification
Authors: Lin Wenwei , Zhou Xiang , Tang Wenxin , Takahashi Koji , Pan Xue , Dai Jiawei , Ren Hong , Zhu Xiaoyue , Pan Songqin , Zheng Haiyan , Gray William M. , Xu Tongda , Kinoshita Toshinori , Yang Zhenbiao
Published: October 2021

The phytohormone auxin controls many processes in plants, at least in part through its regulation of cell expansion1. The acid growth hypothesis has been proposed to explain auxin-stimulated cell expansion for five decades, but the mechanism that underlies auxin-induced cell-wall acidification is poorly characterized. Auxin induces the phosphorylation and activation of the plasma membrane H+-ATPase that pumps protons into the apoplast2, yet how auxin activates its phosphorylation remains unclear. Here we show that the transmembrane kinase (TMK) auxin-signalling proteins interact with plasma membrane H+-ATPases, inducing their phosphorylation, and thereby promoting cell-wall acidification and hypocotyl cell elongation in Arabidopsis. Auxin induced interactions between TMKs and H+-ATPases in the plasma membrane within seconds, as well as TMK-dependent phosphorylation of the penultimate threonine residue on the H+-ATPases. Our genetic, biochemical and molecular evidence demonstrates that TMKs directly phosphorylate plasma membrane H+-ATPase and are required for auxin-induced H+-ATPase activation, apoplastic acidification and cell expansion. Thus, our findings reveal a crucial connection between auxin and plasma membrane H+-ATPase activation in regulating apoplastic pH changes and cell expansion through TMK-based cell surface auxin signalling.
The structure of neurofibromin isoform 2 reveals different functional states
Authors: Naschberger Andreas , Baradaran Rozbeh , Rupp Bernhard , Carroni Marta
Published: October 2021

The autosomal dominant monogenetic disease neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1) affects approximately one in 3,000 individuals and is caused by mutations in the NF1 tumour suppressor gene, leading to dysfunction in the protein neurofibromin (Nf1)1,2. As a GTPase-activating protein, a key function of Nf1 is repression of the Ras oncogene signalling cascade. We determined the human Nf1 dimer structure at an overall resolution of 3.3 Å. The cryo-electron microscopy structure reveals domain organization and structural details of the Nf1 exon 23a splicing3 isoform 2 in a closed, self-inhibited, Zn-stabilized state and an open state. In the closed conformation, HEAT/ARM core domains shield the GTPase-activating protein-related domain (GRD) so that Ras binding is sterically inhibited. In a distinctly different, open conformation of one protomer, a large-scale movement of the GRD occurs, which is necessary to access Ras, whereas Sec14-PH reorients to allow interaction with the cellular membrane4. Zn incubation of Nf1 leads to reduced Ras-GAP activity with both protomers in the self-inhibited, closed conformation stabilized by a Zn binding site between the N-HEAT/ARM domain and the GRD–Sec14-PH linker. The transition between closed, self-inhibited states of Nf1 and open states provides guidance for targeted studies deciphering the complex molecular mechanism behind the widespread neurofibromatosis syndrome and Nf1 dysfunction in carcinogenesis.
The orbitofrontal cortex maps future navigational goals
Authors: Basu Raunak , Gebauer Robert , Herfurth Tim , Kolb Simon , Golipour Zahra , Tchumatchenko Tatjana , Ito Hiroshi T.
Published: October 2021

Accurate navigation to a desired goal requires consecutive estimates of spatial relationships between the current position and future destination throughout the journey. Although neurons in the hippocampal formation can represent the position of an animal as well as its nearby trajectories1–7, their role in determining the destination of the animal has been questioned8,9. It is, thus, unclear whether the brain can possess a precise estimate of target location during active environmental exploration. Here we describe neurons in the rat orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) that form spatial representations persistently pointing to the subsequent goal destination of an animal throughout navigation. This destination coding emerges before the onset of navigation, without direct sensory access to a distal goal, and even predicts the incorrect destination of an animal at the beginning of an error trial. Goal representations in the OFC are maintained by destination-specific neural ensemble dynamics, and their brief perturbation at the onset of a journey led to a navigational error. These findings suggest that the OFC is part of the internal goal map of the brain, enabling animals to navigate precisely to a chosen destination that is beyond the range of sensory perception.
The genomic origins of the Bronze Age Tarim Basin mummies
Authors: Zhang Fan , Ning Chao , Scott Ashley , Fu Qiaomei , Bjørn Rasmus , Li Wenying , Wei Dong , Wang Wenjun , Fan Linyuan , Abuduresule Idilisi , Hu Xingjun , Ruan Qiurong , Niyazi Alipujiang , Dong Guanghui , Cao Peng , Liu Feng , Dai Qingyan , Feng Xiaotian , Yang Ruowei , Tang Zihua , Ma Pengcheng , Li Chunxiang , Gao Shizhu , Xu Yang , Wu Sihao , Wen Shaoqing , Zhu Hong , Zhou Hui , Robbeets Martine , Kumar Vikas , Krause Johannes , Warinner Christina , Jeong Choongwon , Cui Yinqiu
Published: October 2021

The identity of the earliest inhabitants of Xinjiang, in the heart of Inner Asia, and the languages that they spoke have long been debated and remain contentious1. Here we present genomic data from 5 individuals dating to around 3000–2800 bc from the Dzungarian Basin and 13 individuals dating to around 2100–1700 bc﻿ from the Tarim Basin, representing the earliest yet discovered human remains from North and South Xinjiang, respectively. We find that the Early Bronze Age Dzungarian individuals exhibit a predominantly Afanasievo ancestry with an additional local contribution, and the Early–Middle Bronze Age Tarim individuals contain only a local ancestry. The Tarim individuals from the site of Xiaohe further exhibit strong evidence of milk proteins in their dental calculus, indicating a reliance on dairy pastoralism at the site since its founding. Our results do not support previous hypotheses for the origin of the Tarim mummies, who were argued to be Proto-Tocharian-speaking pastoralists descended from the Afanasievo1,2 or to have originated among the Bactria–Margiana Archaeological Complex3 or Inner Asian Mountain Corridor cultures4. Instead, although Tocharian may have been plausibly introduced to the Dzungarian Basin by Afanasievo migrants during the Early Bronze Age, we find that the earliest Tarim Basin cultures appear to have arisen from a genetically isolated local population that adopted neighbouring pastoralist and agriculturalist practices, which allowed them to settle and thrive along the shifting riverine oases of the Taklamakan Desert.
No causal effect of school closures in Japan on the spread of COVID-19 in spring 2020
Authors: Fukumoto Kentaro , McClean Charles T. , Nakagawa Kuninori
Published: October 2021

Among tool kits to combat the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, school closures are one of the most frequent non-pharmaceutical interventions. However, school closures bring about substantial costs, such as learning loss. To date, studies have not reached a consensus about the effectiveness of these policies at mitigating community transmission, partly because they lack rigorous causal inference. Here we assess the causal effect of school closures in Japan on reducing the spread of COVID-19 in spring 2020. By matching each municipality with open schools to a municipality with closed schools that is the most similar in terms of potential confounders, we can estimate how many cases the municipality with open schools would have had if it had closed its schools. We do not find any evidence that school closures in Japan reduced the spread of COVID-19. Our null results suggest that policies on school closures should be reexamined given the potential negative consequences for children and parents.
Negative inotropic mechanisms of β-cardiotoxin in cardiomyocytes by depression of myofilament ATPase activity without activation of the classical β-adrenergic pathway
Authors: Lertwanakarn Tuchakorn , Suntravat Montamas , Sánchez Elda E. , Wolska Beata M. , Solaro R. John , de Tombe Pieter P. , Tachampa Kittipong
Published: October 2021

Beta-cardiotoxin (β-CTX) from the king cobra venom (Ophiophagus hannah) was previously proposed as a novel β-adrenergic blocker. However, the involvement of β-adrenergic signaling by this compound has never been elucidated. The objectives of this study were to investigate the underlying mechanisms of β-CTX as a β-blocker and its association with the β-adrenergic pathway. The effects of β-CTX on isolated cardiac myocyte functions, calcium homeostasis, the phosphorylation level of targeted proteins, and the myofibrillar ATPase activity were studied. Healthy Sprague Dawley rats were used for cardiomyocytes isolation. Like propranolol, β-CTX attenuated the cardiomyocyte inotropy and calcium transient alterations as induced by isoproterenol stimulation. In contrast, these effects were not observed in forskolin-treated cells. Interestingly, cardiomyocytes treated with β-CTX showed no changes in phosphorylation level at any PKA-targeted sites in the myofilaments as demonstrated in Western blot analysis. The skinned fibers study revealed no change in myofilament kinetics by β-CTX. However, this protein exhibited the direct inhibition of myofibrillar ATPase activity with calcium de-sensitization of the enzyme. In summary, the negative inotropic mechanism of β-CTX was discovered. β-CTX exhibits an atypical β-blocker mechanism. These properties of β-CTX may benefit in developing a novel agent aid to treat hypertrophic cardiomyopathy.
Robust multi-input multi-output adaptive fuzzy terminal sliding mode control of deep brain stimulation in Parkinson’s disease: a simulation study
Authors: Rouhani Ehsan , Fathi Yaser
Published: October 2021

Deep brain stimulation (DBS) has become an effective therapeutic solution for Parkinson’s disease (PD). Adaptive closed-loop DBS can be used to minimize stimulation-induced side effects by automatically determining the stimulation parameters based on the PD dynamics. In this paper, by modeling the interaction between the neurons in populations of the thalamic, the network-level modulation of thalamic is represented in a standard canonical form as a multi-input multi-output (MIMO) nonlinear first-order system with uncertainty and external disturbances. A class of fast and robust MIMO adaptive fuzzy terminal sliding mode control (AFTSMC) has been presented for control of membrane potential of thalamic neuron populations through continuous adaptive DBS current applied to the thalamus. A fuzzy logic system (FLS) is used to estimate the unknown nonlinear dynamics of the model, and the weights of FLS are adjusted online to guarantee the convergence of FLS parameters to optimal values. The simulation results show that the proposed AFTSMC not only significantly produces lower tracking errors in comparison with the classical adaptive fuzzy sliding mode control (AFSMC), but also makes more robust and reliable outputs. The results suggest that the proposed AFTSMC provides a more robust and smooth control input which is highly desirable for hardware design and implementation.
A systematic approach to analyse the impact of farm-profiles on bovine health
Authors: Matzhold Caspar , Lasser Jana , Egger-Danner Christa , Fuerst-Waltl Birgit , Wittek Thomas , Kofler Johann , Steininger Franz , Klimek Peter
Published: October 2021

In this study we present systematic framework to analyse the impact of farm profiles as combinations of environmental conditions and management practices on common diseases in dairy cattle. The data used for this secondary data analysis includes observational data from 166 farms with a total of 5828 dairy cows. Each farm is characterised by features from five categories: husbandry, feeding, environmental conditions, housing, and milking systems. We combine dimension reduction with clustering techniques to identify groups of similar farm attributes, which we refer to as farm profiles. A statistical analysis of the farm profiles and their related disease risks is carried out to study the associations between disease risk, farm membership to a specific cluster as well as variables that characterise a given cluster by means of a multivariate regression model. The disease risks of five different farm profiles arise as the result of complex interactions between environmental conditions and farm management practices. We confirm previously documented relationships between diseases, feeding and husbandry. Furthermore, novel associations between housing and milking systems and specific disorders like lameness and ketosis have been discovered. Our approach contributes to paving a way towards a more holistic and data-driven understanding of bovine health and its risk factors.
Conditioned soils reveal plant-selected microbial communities that impact plant drought response
Authors: Monohon Samantha J. , Manter Daniel K. , Vivanco Jorge M.
Published: October 2021

Rhizobacterial communities can contribute to plant trait expression and performance, including plant tolerance against abiotic stresses such as drought. The conditioning of microbial communities related to disease resistance over generations has been shown to develop suppressive soils which aid in plant defense responses. Here, we applied this concept for the development of drought resistant soils. We hypothesized that soils conditioned under severe drought stress and tomato cultivation over two generations, will allow for plant selection of rhizobacterial communities that provide plants with improved drought resistant traits. Surprisingly, the plants treated with a drought-conditioned microbial inoculant showed significantly decreased plant biomass in two generations of growth. Microbial community composition was significantly different between the inoculated and control soils within each generation (i.e., microbial history effect) and for the inoculated soils between generations (i.e., conditioning effect). These findings indicate a substantial effect of conditioning soils on the abiotic stress response and microbial recruitment of tomato plants undergoing drought stress.
Stereophotogrammetric head shape assessment in neonates is feasible and can identify distinct differences between term-born and very preterm infants at term equivalent age
Authors: Santander Petra , Quast Anja , Hubbert Johanna , Juenemann Laura , Horn Sebastian , Hensel Kai O. , Meyer-Marcotty Philipp , Dieks Jana-Katharina
Published: October 2021

The development of head shape and volume may reflect neurodevelopmental outcome and therefore is of paramount importance in neonatal care. Here, we compare head morphology in 25 very preterm infants with a birth weight of below 1500 g and / or a gestational age (GA) before 32 completed weeks to 25 term infants with a GA of 37–42 weeks at term equivalent age (TEA) and identify possible risk factors for non-synostotic head shape deformities. For three-dimensional head assessments, a portable stereophotogrammetric device was used. The most common and distinct head shape deformity in preterm infants was dolichocephaly. Severity of dolichocephaly correlated with GA and body weight at TEA but not with other factors such as neonatal morbidity, sex or total duration of respiratory support. Head circumference (HC) and cranial volume (CV) were not significantly different between the preterm and term infant group. Digitally measured HC and the CV significantly correlated even in infants with head shape deformities. Our study shows that stereophotogrammetric head assessment is feasible in all preterm and term infants and provides valuable information on volumetry and comprehensive head shape characteristics. In a small sample of preterm infants, body weight at TEA was identified as a specific risk factor for the development of dolichocephaly.
Nanotubes and Nanowires
Authors: Rao C N R , Govindaraj A , Panchakarla Leela Srinivas
Published: October 2021

Nanotubes (both of carbon and inorganic materials) can be made in a variety of ways, demonstrating a wide range of fascinating properties. Many of these, such as high mechanical strength and interesting electronic properties relate directly to potential applications. Nanowires have been made from a vast array of inorganic materials and provide great scope for further research into their properties and possible applications.

Chapters in this book systematically describe the fundamentals and applications of nanotubes and nanowires, providing a comprehensive and up-to-date survey of the research area, including synthesis, characterisation, properties and applications.

This new edition of Nanotubes and Nanowires includes an extensive list of references and is ideal both for graduates needing an introduction to the field of nanomaterials as well as for professionals and researchers in academia and industry.

Review of Nanotubes and Nanowires 1st Edition:

“This book does a truly admirable job of summarizing the literature in this rapidly changing field.” Journal of the American Chemical Society, 2006, 128, 4163-4164

Review of Nanotubes and Nanowires 2nd Edition:

“Rao and Govindaraj do a superb job of distilling the huge literature on inorganic nanotubes and nanowires.” Chemistry & Industry, 2011, 24, 27
A novel molecularly imprinted electrochemical sensor based on a nitrogen-doped graphene oxide quantum dot and molybdenum carbide nanocomposite for indometacin determination
Authors: Lu Huan , Cui Hanyue , Duan Dingding , Li Li , Ding Yaping
Published: October 2021

An efficiently prepared innovative electrochemical sensor based on Mo2C-embedded N-GOQDs (N-GOQDs–Mo2C) and a molecularly imprinted polymer showed a highly sensitive detection performance for indometacin within a relatively wide linear range.
A Cu(111)@metal–organic framework as a tandem catalyst for highly selective CO2 electroreduction to C2H4
Authors: Zhao Zhen-Hua , Zheng Kai , Huang Ning-Yu , Zhu Hao-Lin , Huang Jia-Run , Liao Pei-Qin , Chen Xiao-Ming
Published: October 2021

Herein, we demonstrated a strategy via integrating a CO-producing Cu-based metal–organic framework and Cu(111) nanoparticles into a new type of tandem catalyst, which achieves a high performance for electroreduction of CO2 to C2H4.
Deoxyribonucleic acid polymer nanoparticle hydrogels
Authors: Bagley Robert H. T. , Jones Samuel T.
Published: October 2021

Polymer nanoparticle hydrogels made of deoxyribonucleic acid and silica have been prepared and shown to display shear thinning and self-healing properties, sustained release of cargo and enzymatic degradation.
Structural features and morphology of titanium dioxide–bismuth vanadate heterojunctions
Authors: Drisya K. T. , Edely M. , Solís-López M. , Jantrania A. , Auguste S. , Rousseau A. , Casteneda H. , Velumani S. , Kassiba A.
Published: October 2021

Titanium dioxide TiO2 (TO) and bismuth vanadate BiVO4 (BVO) are promising photoactive semiconducting oxides for heterogeneous photocatalysis devoted to water treatment, pollutant degradation and water splitting processes.
Intrinsic-to-extrinsic emission tuning in luminescent Cu nanoclusters by in situ ligand engineering
Authors: Chatterjee Joy , Chatterjee Abhijit , Hazra Partha
Published: October 2021

Broadband emission tunability in thiol-protected Cu nanoclusters has been achieved through in situ ligand engineering, where the reducing agent plays a key role.
Quantum chemistry calculations of the growth patterns, simulated photoelectron spectra, and electronic properties of LaASil (A = Sc, Y, La; l ≤ 10) compounds and their anions
Authors: Lu Jun , Lu Qing-Hua , Li Xiao-Jun
Published: October 2021

LaASi3 clusters may be a promising building framework for silicon-based cluster materials with good stability because the SED of the LES in LaASi3 molecules are higher than those of other clusters.
Preparation of LDO@TiO2 core–shell nanosheets for enhanced photocatalytic degradation of organic pollution
Authors: Wang Can , Zhang Ruikang , Miao Yucong , Xue Qihui , Yu Borong , Gao Yuanzhe , Han Zhangang , Shao Mingfei
Published: October 2021

An anatase TiO2-coated ZnAl-LDO core–shell nanosheets photocatalyst was prepared, exhibiting excellent photodegradation efficiency for organic dyes.
Hydroxylated non-fullerene acceptor for highly efficient inverted perovskite solar cells
Authors: Yang Qing , Liu Xuan , Yu Shuwen , Feng Zhendong , Liang Lixin , Qin Wei , Wang Youyang , Hu Xiaobo , Chen Shaoqiang , Feng Zhaochi , Hou Guangjin , Wu Kaifeng , Guo Xin , Li Can
Published: October 2021

A hydroxylated non-fullerene acceptor (NFA) is developed to modify the interface between the perovskite and the electron transport layer in inverted perovskite solar cells (i-PSCs), achieving a record PCE of 22.09% among reported i-PSCs employing NFAs.
Fully automated light transmission aggregometry on a disc for platelet function tests
Authors: Kim Chi-Ju , Kim Jungmin , Sabaté del Río Jonathan , Ki Dong Yeob , Kim Junyoung , Cho Yoon-Kyoung
Published: October 2021

We report a fully automated light transmission aggregometry (LTA) assay on a disc that can provide point-of-care testing to assess the function of platelets.
MOR/DEA/TEA mixed-template synthesis of CHA-type SAPO with different silica and alumina sources
Authors: Hamidzadeh Marzieh , Nazari Mohadese , Rahimi Fard Maryam
Published: October 2021

SAPO-44 was firstly synthesized in a MOR/TEA/DEA mixed-template system. The effect of different Al and Si sources on the catalytic properties and MTO performance of the catalysts was significant.
Anisotropic strain in epitaxial single-layer molybdenum disulfide on Ag(110)
Authors: Bignardi Luca , Mahatha Sanjoy K. , Lizzit Daniel , Bana Harsh , Travaglia Elisabetta , Lacovig Paolo , Sanders Charlotte , Baraldi Alessandro , Hofmann Philip , Lizzit Silvano
Published: October 2021

Uniaxial lattice strain is introduced in the lattice of a MoS2single layer epitaxially-grown on Ag(110). Growth on a substrate with different crystalline symmetry is thus a promising way to introduce uniform strain in TMDC single layers.
Intermolecular CDC amination of remote and proximal unactivated Csp3–H bonds through intrinsic substrate reactivity – expanding towards a traceless directing group
Authors: Rajamanickam Suresh , Saraswat Mayank , Venkataramani Sugumar , Patel Bhisma K.
Published: October 2021

An intermolecular amination at the distal methylene carbon has been realized in an appended alkyl chain with electron withdrawing groups. Traceless remote Csp3–H functionalization has been accomplished using borate esters.
Medication Use Reported by Individuals With Tinnitus Who Are Seeking Internet-Based Psychological Interventions
Authors: Manchaiah Vinaya , Brazelton Alicia , Rodrigo Hansapani , Beukes Eldré W. , Fagelson Marc A. , Andersson Gerhard , Trivedi Meghana V.
Published: October 2021

Purpose:

This study examined medication use by individuals with tinnitus who were seeking help for their tinnitus by means of a psychological intervention.

Method:

This study used a cross-sectional survey design and included individuals with tinnitus enrolled in an Internet-based cognitive behavioral therapy trial (n= 439). Study participants provided demographic details, completed various structured questionnaires and provided details about the medications used. The self-reported medications were classified using the United States Pharmacopeial Medicare Model Guidelines v7.0.

Results:

Current medication use was reported by 67% (n= 293) of the study participants. Those currently using medication were older; had consulted their primary care physician, had greater tinnitus severity, depression, anxiety, and insomnia when compared with those not reporting any current medication use. The top 10 medication used included cardiovascular agents (n= 162; 55.3%), antidepressants (n= 80; 27.3%), electrolytes/minerals/metals/vitamins (n= 70; 23.9%), respiratory tract/pulmonary agents (n= 62; 21.2%), anxiolytics (n= 59; 20.1%), hormonal agents/stimulant/replacement/modifying (thyroid;n= 45; 15.4%), gastrointestinal agents (n= 43; 14.7%), analgesics (n= 33; 11.3%), blood glucose regulators (n= 32; 10.9%), and anticonvulsants (n= 26; 8.87%). Some associations between type of medication used and demographic or tinnitus-related variables were noted especially for the cardiovascular agents, electrolytes/minerals/metals/vitamins, and anxiolytics.

Conclusions:

This exploratory study indicated a large percentage of patients using medication and a range of medications. Further studies are required to assess the effects of such medications on the tinnitus percept and concurrent medication moderate treatment effects.
Collaboration Between Child Play Therapy and Speech-Language Pathology: Case Reports of a Novel Language and Behavior Intervention
Authors: Loeb Diane Frome , Davis Eric S. , Lee Tara
Published: October 2021

Purpose

It has been well documented that a significant number of children with developmental language disorders (DLDs) also exhibit challenging behaviors. In this study, a new intervention (Play and Language [PAL]) was developed through a research collaboration between a speech-language pathologist and a play therapist. The purpose of this clinical focus article is to describe child play therapy techniques and how these, along with early language intervention techniques, may positively impact preschool children's general communication and behavior.

Method

Students in a communication sciences and disorders program were trained to use a combination of child therapy techniques and language facilitation procedures in the PAL approach. Five preschool children, who displayed DLD and challenging behaviors, participated in a 2-week daily intensive intervention. Pre- and postintervention data for general communication and behavior skills were collected through parent report and language sample data. Student clinician and parent surveys were collected to assess the feasibility of conducting the new intervention and the parent-observed outcomes and satisfaction.

Results

A majority of the children who participated in the study increased their intelligibility and number of different words. Fewer than half increased their sentence length. These same children decreased their challenging behaviors, with 11 of 14 behaviors being reduced to normal levels. All parents reported satisfaction with their child's results. In addition, students trained to provide the intervention reported high levels of satisfaction with the training to implement PAL and that they were confident in providing the intervention techniques.

Conclusion

Together, our exploratory data provide preliminary and limited evidence that combining play therapy and language facilitation techniques may improve general communication skills and decrease challenging behaviors within the same intervention.

Supplemental Material

https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.16840459
Optical beam cooperation‐based secrecy capacity enhancement for visible light communications
Authors: Ding Jupeng , I Chih‐Lin , Wang Jintao
Published: October 2021

To a large extent, the physical layer security (PLS) performance of a visible light communication (VLC) system is affected by light source radiation characteristics. Previous works are limited to well‐known Lambertian beam configurations, which fail to support flexible coordinated coverage. Unlike existing works, this article proposes one secrecy capacity (SC) enhancement scheme based on asymmetric non‐Lambertian optical beam cooperation. Without loss of generality, this article presents a numerical analysis of coordinated and non‐coordinated PLS performance in a typical indoor application scenario. Compared with a non‐coordinated benchmark, the numerical results illustrate that the proposed cooperation‐based scheme could induce about 0.88 bps/Hz average SC gain without a transmission power increase. Therefore, non‐Lambertian beam cooperation could be viewed as one promising secure VLC performance enhancement technology.
Low‐latency transformer model for streaming automatic speech recognition
Authors: Miao Haoran , Cheng Gaofeng , Zhang Pengyuan
Published: October 2021

Transformer models have made great progress in automatic speech recognition. However, it is challenging for streaming transformer models to make trade‐off between output latency and recognition accuracy. In this letter, it is aimed to propose a low‐latency transformer model with satisfactory recognition accuracy. First, a streaming transformer is designed and explain how it works streamingly. Second, the authors propose to use CTC during training to minimise the latency of transformer models. Finally, the authors also propose to utilise CTC as a backup during decoding to ensure that the low‐latency characteristic is maintained. The authors fairly compare our streaming transformer model to existing streaming models, particularly the transducer model, which is a popular low‐latency approach. The experiments show that, while having comparable output latency, the transformer model outperforms the transducer model by average relative character (or word) error rate reduction of 22.18%, 26.71% and 19.36% on HKUST, Switchboard and Call Home, respectively.
Super‐resolution with adversarial loss on the feature maps of the generated high‐resolution image
Authors: Imanuel I. , Lee S.
Published: October 2021

Recent studies on image super‐resolution make use of Generative Adversarial Networks to generate the high‐resolution image counterpart of the low‐resolution input. However, while being able to generate sharp high‐resolution images, Generative Adversarial Networks based super‐resolution methods often fail to produce good results when tested on images having different degradation as the low‐resolution images used in the training. Some recent works have tried to mitigate this failure by introducing a degradation network that can replicate the noise of real‐world low‐resolution images. However, even these methods can produce poor results if a real‐world test image differs much from the real‐world images in the training data set. This paper proposes the use of adversarial losses on the feature maps extracted by a pre‐trained network with the generated high‐resolution image as input. This is in contrast to all other Generative Adversarial Networks‐based super‐resolution methods that directly apply the adversarial loss to the generated high‐resolution image. The rationale behind this idea is illustrated, and experimental results confirm that high‐resolution images generated by the proposed method achieve better results in both quantitative and qualitative evaluations than methods that directly apply adversarial losses to generated high‐resolution images.
A new financial loss/gain wind power forecasting method based on deep machine learning algorithm by using energy storage system
Authors: Keynia Farshid , Memarzadeh Gholamreza
Published: October 2021

Nowadays, with the development of the global economy, traditional non‐renewable energy resources can not only meet the increasing energy demand but also bring severe ecological and environmental problems. Wind power, as one of the most economical types of renewable energies source, has become one of the essential resources for clean energy production. Because of the randomness, intermittency, and fluctuation of natural wind, the output power of wind turbines is greatly affected by wind uncertainty. Therefore, wind power generation forecasting and scheduling may be challenging. In this paper, for the successful and accurate presence of wind power producers in the electricity energy market, a method based on forecasting wind power production, the electricity price, and Financial Loss/Gain (FLG) in coordination with energy storage is proposed. To predict the electricity price, wind power production, and FLG for the next 24 h, the hybrid method based on deep learning time series prediction based on the LSTMs method and input selection based on the MRMI method has been used. For this purpose, first, based on historical data, the wind power producer forecasts the electricity price and wind power production for the next 24 h. According to the same predicted values, initial offers are set for participation in the day‐ahead electricity market. After that, wind power producers modify their wind power production based on the FLG prediction method. Since the FLG signal has highly volatile behaviour, therefore it is not efficient to forecast and apply it directly to the proposed wind power production offers. Therefore, classifying FLG by the FCM method and predicting the FLG class labels is much more helpful in improving the proposed bid of wind power producers to the electricity market. Finally, the wind power producer can improve its profit from participating in the electricity market by interacting with the energy storage unit. The presented numerical results demonstrate the efficiency of the proposed method. For example, if the initial offers are modified based on the FLG method, it has caused the expected profit to improve by 4.44–27.69% in the desired months of the year 2018. Also, in three months, the total profit of the wind power producer and energy storage will be higher than if the profit of the wind power producer participates in the day‐ahead market with 100% accuracy.
Improvement of the technology of bakery products using the wholemeal spelt flour
Authors: Sanzharovskaya Nadezhda , Sokol Natalia , Khrapko Olga , Mamedov Kyamran
Published: October 2021

Bread is one of the most popular mass-consumption products in Russia and in the world. The improvement of the bread quality, the development of new varieties with increased nutritional and biological value will improve the nutrition patterns of the population in the most rational way. The objective of this study is to justify the use of wholemeal spelt flour in the formulation of wheat bread. Generally accepted standard research methods were used. It is experimentally proved that the addition of spelt flour to the flour blend increases the activity of amylolytic enzymes, as well as decreases the mass fraction of crude gluten in all dough samples. When adding the spelt flour in the proportion 40% of the flour weight, physical and chemical parameters did not deteriorate and fell within the normal range, compared with the control sample of wheat bread. It is proved that the use of spelt flour in the production of bakery products will increase the biological and nutritional value of products, as well as expand the range of products for healthy nutrition.
Development and Theoretical Study of the Impact of the Working Body on the Soil
Authors: Kalimullin Marat , Bagautdinov Ramis , Khamitov Radik , Latypov Rafkat , Salimzyanov Marat , Abdrakhmanov Rinat
Published: October 2021

The article discusses the features of the process of interaction of the blades of the teeth of the disk working body with the cultivated soil. If we take into account the fact that the parameters of the intensity of the impact exerted on the soil by the toothed working body will depend on the speed of movement, it will be possible to determine the values of the speed of an arbitrary point of the blade of the teeth. As a result of mathematical transformations and the application of the method of differentiation of the equation of their displacement, a formula was obtained for calculating the cutting speed for an arbitrary point of the blade of the teeth of a disk working body. Also, the acceleration of the points under consideration is determined and the dependences obtained as a result of theoretical studies are analyzed. The dependences demonstrate that the parameters of the impact speed and the trajectory of the blade movement directly depend on the shape of the cutting edge. They are also influenced by the angle of attack, the value of the inclination in relation to the vertical, as well as the speed of the planter movement. After analyzing the results obtained, it can be concluded that there is a noticeable decrease in the throwing of the upper soil layer to the side and the removal of the lower layer to the open surface of the field when exposed to a disk working body with teeth around the perimeter.
Study of daily dynamics of cow milk quality indicators
Authors: Trukhachev Vladimir , Oliinyk Serhii , Zlydnev Nikolay , Pokotilo Alexey , Ershov Alexander
Published: October 2021

The introduction of modern technological advances and principles of dairy herd management, which were developed in the member countries of the International Committee for Animal Registration (ICAR), contributed to the increase in milk productivity of pedigree cattle at the national level. The harmonization of national regulatory documents with the methodological principles developed in ICAR is a promising area. The study of new methodological approaches to the assessment of milk productivity shows that one of the differences in the assessment of daily milk yield, milk fat and protein yield is the different frequency of performing the corresponding work on the control milking of cows, the formation of a daily milk sample and the necessary mathematical calculations. In the in article various approaches to assessing the daily yield of the main dairy components during 2- and 3-fold milking of cows of a herd of pedigree black-and-white cattle are considered and coefficients are proposed for recalculating the daily content of fat and protein in milk. At the same time, the presented research results, in general, coincide with the main trends in the dynamics of milk fat and protein indicators shown in the ICAR recommendations.