bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Recent Advances in the Growth Strategies, Multifunctional Properties, and Emerging Applications of Two‐Dimensional Non‐van der Waals Bismuth Oxychalcogenides and Prospective Heterostructures
Authors: Hossain Md Tarik , Jena Tadasha , Giri P. K.
Published: January 2024

With the advent of two‐dimensional (2D) van der Waals (vdW) materials, many non‐van der Waals (nvdW) materials have been synthesized and are being exploited for novel applications. Bismuth oxychalcogenides (Bi2O2X; X is S, Se, Te), a nvdW series with moderate band gap semiconductors, possess high carrier mobility and air stability. The layers in Bi2O2X stay with a formal bond, giving rise to distinct structural, optical, thermal, and electronic properties different from conventional vdW materials. Herein, these properties, their synthesis, and transfer methods of 2D Bi2O2X are examined. The photodetector application of Bi2O2X and their heterostructure (HS) is surveyed with special attention to Bi2O2Se. Beyond the photodetector, the other emerging application fields, such as gas‐bio sensors, optoelectronic imaging, integrated memory, solar cells, and photothermal technology of Bi2O2X are looked over. Based on the ongoing research and challenges, the strategies for future innovations are presented from basics to miniaturized applications. In view of the band offsets of vdW and nvdW semiconductors, the type of HS of a series of 94 vdW‐nvdW sets is proposed. This review will guide future studies on Bi2O2X and their HS to meet the increasing demands in multifunctional applications from the laboratory to the industrial scale.
Creep and shrinkage in prestressed concrete beams: An experimental study
Authors: Williams Mary , Menon Devdas , Prasad A. Meher
Published: January 2024

The existing creep and shrinkage models used for predicting long‐term behavior of prestressed concrete (PSC) beams are originally developed for cylinders under axial compression. This experimental study investigates the creep behavior in axial and flexural compression and attempts to verify the suitability of the standard models for application in PSC beams. The study is carried out by monitoring the strains and the prestress losses in four PSC beams having the same cross‐section, subject to prestress loading alone, and the strains in two axially loaded cylinders, under ambient environmental conditions for a duration of 365 days. The effects of drying, stress gradient across the depth, bonding of prestressing steel, and high reinforcement have been considered. The experimental results have been compared with the predictions by six standard models (AASHTO, ACI 209R‐92, GL 2000, B3, MC2010, and Eurocode model). For the PSC beams, the predictions from standard models are based on a numerical three‐dimensional finite element model that accounts for the stress variation with time due to prestress loss and the effect of reinforcement. The results show that creep behavior in flexural compression is different from that in axial compression and most of the standard models over‐estimate the strains in PSC beams considered in the present study. The study also provides an overview of the relative accuracies of the standard models and has practical relevance in the design of PSC bridges and estimation of prestress loss.
Netflix’s Lupin: Cultural Heritage and Internationalisation in the Age of Global (S)VoD Platforms
Authors: Pettersen David
Published: January 2024

This chapter considers questions of media internationalisation and localisation in the contemporary age of globalised subscription video-on-demand ((S)VoD) platforms through a case study of Netflix’s French series Lupin (2020–). The author examines the production history of the series and the adaptation practices of Netflix’s collaboration with the French studio Gaumont to transform the source novels into a star vehicle for France’s best-known Black star, Omar Sy. Rather than a mannered heritage series, Lupin offers a hyper-contemporary, cosmopolitan and entertainment-oriented adaptation that fuses past and present. This chapter analyses how the series transforms the source novels into a contemporary tale of colonial exploitation, diaspora and social integration that speaks to different audiences around the world.
Materialities of Home in Migration
Authors: Fathi Mastoureh , Ní Laoire Caitríona
Published: January 2024

This chapter focuses on materiality of migrant homes and the relationships between objects in migration and social processes that make certain material components of a home more meaningful and useful than others. The chapter acknowledges that the space of home is not separate from the larger socio-political structures that make it possible or impossible. However, it turns the lens of analysis towards a more mundane and everyday aspect of home making practices, that is, material composition of a home. This chapter highlights three important areas in studies of objects in home and migration processes: the first are objects of memory, that capture symbolic meanings in relation to past lives, homes and contexts. The second is about objects of everyday use, that refers to instrumentality of objects and their usefulness as tools in present times. The third one is about objects that convey a form of identity (such as in relation to class, gender, nation) that is useful for one in relation to their desired homes or even homes for future.
Radiological age assessment based on clavicle ossification in CT: enhanced accuracy through deep learning
Authors: Wesp Philipp , Schachtner Balthasar Maria , Jeblick Katharina , Topalis Johanna , Weber Marvin , Fischer Florian , Penning Randolph , Ricke Jens , Ingrisch Michael , Sabel Bastian Oliver
Published: January 2024

Background

Radiological age assessment using reference studies is inherently limited in accuracy due to a finite number of assignable skeletal maturation stages. To overcome this limitation, we present a deep learning approach for continuous age assessment based on clavicle ossification in computed tomography (CT).

Methods

Thoracic CT scans were retrospectively collected from the picture archiving and communication system. Individuals aged 15.0 to 30.0 years examined in routine clinical practice were included. All scans were automatically cropped around the medial clavicular epiphyseal cartilages. A deep learning model was trained to predict a person’s chronological age based on these scans. Performance was evaluated using mean absolute error (MAE). Model performance was compared to an optimistic human reader performance estimate for an established reference study method.

Results

The deep learning model was trained on 4,400 scans of 1,935 patients (training set: mean age = 24.2 years ± 4.0, 1132 female) and evaluated on 300 scans of 300 patients with a balanced age and sex distribution (test set: mean age = 22.5 years ± 4.4, 150 female). Model MAE was 1.65 years, and the highest absolute error was 6.40 years for females and 7.32 years for males. However, performance could be attributed to norm-variants or pathologic disorders. Human reader estimate MAE was 1.84 years and the highest absolute error was 3.40 years for females and 3.78 years for males.

Conclusions

We present a deep learning approach for continuous age predictions using CT volumes highlighting the medial clavicular epiphyseal cartilage with performance comparable to the human reader estimate.
Isolated cognitive impairment in people with multiple sclerosis: frequency, MRI patterns and its development over time
Authors: Bouman Piet M. , van Dam Maureen A. , Jonkman Laura E. , Steenwijk Martijn D. , Schoonheim Menno M. , Geurts Jeroen J. G. , Hulst Hanneke E.
Published: January 2024

Objectives

To study the frequency of isolated (i.e., single-domain) cognitive impairments, domain specific MRI correlates, and its longitudinal development in people with multiple sclerosis (PwMS).

Methods

348 PwMS (mean age 48 ± 11 years, 67% female, 244RR/52SP/38PP) underwent neuropsychological testing (extended BRB-N) at baseline and at five-year follow-up. At baseline, structural MRI was acquired. Isolated cognitive impairment was defined as a Z-score of at least 1.5 SD below normative data in one domain only (processing speed, memory, executive functioning/working memory, and attention). Multi-domain cognitive impairment was defined as being affected in ≥ 2 domains, and cognitively preserved otherwise. For PwMS with isolated cognitive impairment, MRI correlates were explored using linear regression. Development of isolated cognitive impairment over time was evaluated based on reliable change index.

Results

At baseline, 108 (31%) PwMS displayed isolated cognitive impairment, 148 (43%) PwMS displayed multi-domain cognitive impairment. Most PwMS with isolated cognitive impairment were impaired on executive functioning/working memory (EF/WM; N = 37), followed by processing speed (IPS; N = 25), memory (N = 23), and attention (N = 23). Isolated IPS impairment was explained by a model of cortical volume and fractional anisotropy (adj. R2 = 0.539, p < 0.001); memory by a model with cortical volume and hippocampal volume (adj. R2 = 0.493, p = 0.002); EF/WM and attention were not associated with any MRI measure. At follow-up, cognitive decline was present in 11/16 (69%) of PwMS with isolated IPS impairment at baseline. This percentage varied between 18 and 31% of PwMS with isolated cognitive impairment in domains other than IPS at baseline.

Conclusion

Isolated cognitive impairment is frequently present in PwMS and can serve as a proxy for further decline, particularly when it concerns processing speed. Cortical and deep grey matter atrophy seem to play a pivotal role in isolated cognitive impairment. Timely detection and patient-tailored intervention, predominantly for IPS, may help to postpone further cognitive decline.
Mallory-Denk bodies and hepatocellular senescence: a causal relationship?
Authors: Denk Helmut , Abuja Peter M. , Zatloukal Kurt
Published: January 2024

Mallory-Denk bodies (MDBs) are hepatocellular cytoplasmic inclusions, which occur in certain chronic liver diseases, such as alcohol-related (ASH) and metabolic dysfunction-associated (MASH) steatohepatitis, copper toxicosis, some drug-induced liver disorders, chronic cholangiopathies, and liver tumors. Our study focused on the expression of the senescence markers p21WAF1/cip1 and p16INK4a in hepatocytes containing MDBs in steatohepatitis, chronic cholangiopathies with fibrosis or cirrhosis, Wilson’s disease, and hepatocellular carcinomas. Cytoplasm and nuclei of MDB-containing hepatocytes as well as MDB inclusions, except those associated with carcinoma cells, were strongly p16-positive, p21-positive, as well as p21-negative nuclei in MDB-containing hepatocytes which were observed whereas MDBs were p21-negative. Expression of the senescence marker p16 suggests that MDB formation reflects an adaptive response to chronic stress resembling senescence with its consequences, i.e., expression of inflammation- and fibrosis-prone secretome. Thus, senescence can be regarded as “double-edged sword” since, on the one hand, it may be an attempt of cellular defense, but, on the other, also causes further and sustained damage by inducing inflammation and fibrosis related to the senescence-associated secretory phenotype and thus progression of chronic liver disease.
Geometric bounds on the fastest mixing Markov chain
Authors: Olesker-Taylor Sam , Zanetti Luca
Published: January 2024

In the Fastest Mixing Markov Chain problem, we are given a graph $$G = (V, E)$$

G
=
(
V
,
E
)

and desire the discrete-time Markov chain with smallest mixing time $$\tau $$
τ
subject to having equilibrium distribution uniform on V and non-zero transition probabilities only across edges of the graph. It is well-known that the mixing time $$\tau _\textsf {RW}$$

τ
RW

of the lazy random walk on G is characterised by the edge conductance $$\Phi $$
Φ
of G via Cheeger’s inequality: $$\Phi ^{-1} \lesssim \tau _\textsf {RW} \lesssim \Phi ^{-2} \log |V|$$

Φ

-
1

≲

τ
RW

≲

Φ

-
2

log

|
V
|

. Analogously, we characterise the fastest mixing time $$\tau ^\star $$

τ
⋆

via a Cheeger-type inequality but for a different geometric quantity, namely the vertex conductance $$\Psi $$
Ψ
of G: $$\Psi ^{-1} \lesssim \tau ^\star \lesssim \Psi ^{-2} (\log |V|)^2$$

Ψ

-
1

≲

τ
⋆

≲

Ψ

-
2

(
log
|
V
|
)

2

. This characterisation forbids fast mixing for graphs with small vertex conductance. To bypass this fundamental barrier, we consider Markov chains on G with equilibrium distribution which need not be uniform, but rather only $$\varepsilon $$
ε
-close to uniform in total variation. We show that it is always possible to construct such a chain with mixing time $$\tau \lesssim \varepsilon ^{-1} ({\text {diam}} G)^2 \log |V|$$

τ
≲

ε

-
1

(
diam
G
)

2

log

|
V
|

. Finally, we discuss analogous questions for continuous-time and time-inhomogeneous chains.
Sentinel lymph node biopsy with carbon dye in endometrial cancer: a single center, prospective cohort study
Authors: Minareci Yagmur , Sozen Hamdullah , Altinkara Hacioglu Buket , Yuvanc Huseyin Oguz , Topuz Samet , Salihoglu Mehmet Yavuz
Published: January 2024

Background

Many agents have been used for the detection of sentinel lymph nodes in endometrial cancer. Carbon dye, which has a strong staining ability and high contrast due to its dark black color, identifies the lymph nodes efficiently. Our aim was to evaluate the safety and efficacy of carbon dye for the detection of sentinel lymph nodes in endometrial cancer.

Methods

We conducted a single-center, prospective, cohort study in 89 patients with early-stage endometrial cancer between September 2021 and August 2022. The procedure was performed under laparoscopy.

Results

The sensitivity and negative predictive value of the sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB) with carbon dye injection were 83.3% and 98.8%, respectively. Mapping identified at least one sentinel lymph node in 84 patients (94.4%) on one pelvic side and at least one sentinel lymph node in 73 patients (82.0%) on each pelvic side out of 89 patients. In addition, no carbon dye-associated allergic reaction was detected.

Conclusion

Carbon dye is a non-allergenic, inexpensive, and effective agent for SLNB with a satisfying sensitivity and a negative predictive value. In addition, both unilateral and bilateral detection rates were sufficient. Accordingly, carbon dye may be a promising tracer and a considerable option, particularly for low-income countries.
Stability of infundibular dilatations: a single center follow-up study and systematic review of the literature
Authors: Tarkiainen Jeremias , Pyysalo Liisa , Hinkka Tero , Pienimäki Juha-Pekka , Ronkainen Antti , Frösen Juhana
Published: January 2024

Purpose

Although infundibular dilatations (IDs) have been thought to be benign anatomical variants, case reports suggest that they can grow and rupture. The aim of this study was to determine whether IDs have a tendency to grow or rupture.

Methods

The study population was collected from the Tampere University Hospital (TAUH) Aneurysm Database. The presence of IDs was screened from the medical records and imaging studies of 356 intracranial aneurysm patients left to follow-up from 2005 to 2020. The imaging studies were reviewed to confirm the IDs, and their clinical course. Finally, we performed a systematic review of published cases of ID leading to aneurysmatic rupture from PubMed.

Results

We found 97 typical IDs in 83 patients and 9 preaneurysmal lesions resembling ID in 9 patients. Out of the typical cone-shaped IDs, none grew or ruptured in a total follow-up of 409 patient-years. One preaneurysmal lesion ruptured during a follow-up: this lesion had components of both infundibular dilatation and aneurysm at the beginning of follow-up. In the systematic literature search, we found 20 cases of aneurysmatic SAHs originating from an ID. Of those, only 7 had imaging available prerupture. All 7 IDs were typically cone-shaped, but a branching vessel originating from the apex of ID was only seen in 4/7.

Conclusion

Typical infundibular dilatations seem to be benign anatomical variants that are stable and, thus, do not need prophylactic treatment or imaging follow-up. Likely, the SAHs reported from IDs were actually caused by misdiagnosed preaneurysmal lesions.
Participation in club sport in childhood is associated with mental health in preterm and term born adolescents
Authors: Spiegler Juliane , EL-Awad Usama , Baumann Nicole , Lemola Sakari , Wolke Dieter
Published: January 2024

Preterm born individuals have an increased risk for mental health problems. Participation in club sport is associated with better mental health but the causal direction is unclear. It is not known whether this association could also be found in preterm children. Data from term born (N = 10,368), late preterm (N = 630), and very to moderately preterm born (N = 243) children from the Millennium Cohort Study at the ages of 3, 5, 7, 11, and 14 years were used. Longitudinal associations between the parent-reported Strengths and Difficulties questionnaire (SDQ) and club sport participation (days per week) were analysed using multigroup structural equation modelling, adjusting for gender, maternal depression, parental education; motor problems and attrition were controlled for. Multi-group structural equation modelling showed that children with more peer relationship problems, emotional symptoms, conduct problems or hyperactivity-inattention were less likely to participate in club sport at subsequent assessment time points. More days with club sport participation was associated with lower levels of emotional symptoms and peer relationship problems but not conduct problems or hyperactivity-inattention at subsequent ages. Results were similar in all gestational age groups. Club sport participation predicts lower levels of peer relationship and emotional problems in subsequent waves while it is also predicted by lower levels of emotional problems, peer relationship problems, conduct problems and hyperactivity-inattention in preceding waves. Since no differences in the relationship between SDQ subscales and club sport participation were seen with regard to gestational age groups, club sport should be encouraged in all children.
Surgical treatment of clinically infected mandibular fractures
Authors: Oksa Marko , Haapanen Aleksi , Kannari Leena , Furuholm Jussi , Snäll Johanna
Published: January 2024

Purpose

To clarify reasons for infections, surgical techniques, and occurrence of postoperative surgical site complications in infected mandibular fractures.

Methods

Patients with clinically infected mandibular fracture of the dentate part without preceding surgery were studied retrospectively. Clinical infection was defined to occur if pus, abscess, or a fistula in the fracture area was present. Patient-, fracture-, and surgery-related variables were evaluated, and predictors for postoperative complications were analysed.

Results

Of 908 patients with surgically treated fracture in the dentate part of the mandible, 41 had infected fracture at the time of surgery (4.5%). Of these patients, 46.3% were alcohol or drug abusers. Median delay from injury to surgery was 9 days. Patient-related factors were the most common cause for delayed surgery (n = 30, 73.2%), followed by missed diagnosis by a health care professional (n = 8, 19.5%). Twenty-two fractures were treated via extraoral approach (53.7%) and the remaining 19 intraorally (46.3%). Postoperative surgical site complications were found in 13 patients (31.7%), with recurrent surgical site infections predominating. Notable differences between total complication rates between intraoral and extraoral approaches were not detected. Secondary osteosynthesis for non-union was conducted for one patient treated intraorally.

Conclusions

Postoperative surgical site complications are common after treatment of infected mandibular fractures, and these occur despite the chosen surgical approach. Infected mandibular fractures heal mainly without bone grafting, and non-union is a rare complication. Due to the high complication rate, careful perioperative and postoperative care is required for these patients.
Extending application of explainable artificial intelligence for managers in financial organizations
Authors: Sabharwal Renu , Miah Shah J. , Wamba Samuel Fosso , Cook Peter
Published: January 2024

Anomalies are a significant challenge for businesses in all industries. Artificial intelligence (AI) based machine learning (ML) detection models can help find aberrant customer transaction behaviour in financial datasets. However, the output responses provided by these AI-based ML models lack transparency and interpretability, making it challenging for financial managers to comprehend the reasoning underlying the AI detections. Suppose managers cannot comprehend how and why AI models develop responses based on the input information. In such cases, AI is unlikely to enhance data-driven decision-making and add value to organizations. This article’s primary objective is to illustrate the capacity of the SHapley Additive exPlanations (SHAP) technique to give finance managers an intuitive explanation of the anomaly detections AI-based ML models generate for a specific customer transaction dataset. Theoretically, we contribute to the literature on international finance by offering a conceptual review of AI algorithmic explainability. We discuss its implications for sustaining a competitive advantage using the concepts of action design research methodology following the research onion framework. We also suggest an explainable AI implementation methodology based on SHAP as a valuable guide for finance managers seeking to boost the transparency of AI-based ML models and to alleviate trust difficulties in data-driven decision-making.
Ecospirituality and Health: A Systematic Review
Authors: de Diego-Cordero Rocío , Martínez-Herrera Alicia , Coheña-Jiménez Manuel , Lucchetti Giancarlo , Pérez-Jiménez José Miguel
Published: January 2024

Environmental changes are affecting human health. A renewal of the way we understand and relate to the planet is needed. Ecospirituality brings together the terms spirituality and environment and is born as a means of solution to this dilemma. This systematic review aimed to find out the influence of ecospirituality on global health. A search of scientific literature was carried out in the main health science databases. A review was conducted to critically evaluate the studies that identified relevant ecospiritual aspects regarding health care for communities. After a systematic search and screening, and following specified methodological criteria, a total of 14 articles were selected in the review. The findings of the review suggest that a new perspective in our worldview such as ecospirituality will provide us with the necessary keys to improve health. To understand ecospirituality, we must keep in mind the indigenous way of life, which is the clear example to follow to achieve environmental health and global health. Ecospirituality leads to a healthier environment, and as this is directly related to health, there is also an improvement in global health.
A Regularization-Patching Dual Quaternion Optimization Method for Solving the Hand-Eye Calibration Problem
Authors: Chen Zhongming , Ling Chen , Qi Liqun , Yan Hong
Published: January 2024

The hand-eye calibration problem is an important application problem in robot research. Based on the 2-norm of dual quaternion vectors, we propose a new dual quaternion optimization method for the hand-eye calibration problem. The dual quaternion optimization problem is decomposed to two quaternion optimization subproblems. The first quaternion optimization subproblem governs the rotation of the robot hand. It can be solved efficiently by the eigenvalue decomposition or singular value decomposition. If the optimal value of the first quaternion optimization subproblem is zero, then the system is rotationwise noiseless, i.e., there exists a “perfect” robot hand motion which meets all the testing poses rotationwise exactly. In this case, we apply the regularization technique for solving the second subproblem to minimize the distance of the translation. Otherwise we apply the patching technique to solve the second quaternion optimization subproblem. Then solving the second quaternion optimization subproblem turns out to be solving a quadratically constrained quadratic program. In this way, we give a complete description for the solution set of hand-eye calibration problems. This is new in the hand-eye calibration literature. The numerical results are also presented to show the efficiency of the proposed method.
Review and Perspectives on Human Emotion for Connected Automated Vehicles
Authors: Li Wenbo , Li Guofa , Tan Ruichen , Wang Cong , Sun Zemin , Li Ying , Guo Gang , Cao Dongpu , Li Keqiang
Published: January 2024

The progression toward automated driving and the latest advancement in vehicular networking have led to novel and natural human-vehicle-road systems, in which affective human-vehicle interaction is a crucial factor affecting the acceptance, safety, comfort, and traffic efficiency of connected and automated vehicles (CAVs). This development has inspired increasing interest in how to develop affective interaction framework for intelligent cockpit in CAVs. To enable affective human-vehicle interactions in CAVs, knowledge from multiple research areas is needed, including automotive engineering, transportation engineering, human–machine interaction, computer science, communication, as well as industrial engineering. However, there is currently no systematic survey considering the close relationship between human-vehicle-road and human emotion in the human-vehicle-road coupling process in the CAV context. To facilitate progress in this area, this paper provides a comprehensive literature survey on emotion-related studies from multi-aspects for better design of affective interaction in intelligent cockpit for CAVs. This paper discusses the multimodal expression of human emotions, investigates the human emotion experiment in driving, and particularly emphasizes previous knowledge on human emotion detection, regulation, as well as their applications in CAVs. The promising research perspectives are outlined for researchers and engineers from different research areas to develop CAVs with better acceptance, safety, comfort, and enjoyment for users.
Generalized Partitioned Local Depth
Authors: Berenhaut Kenneth S. , Foley John D. , Lyu Liangdongsheng
Published: January 2024

In this paper, we provide a generalization of the concept of cohesion as introduced recently by Berenhaut et al. (Proc Natl Acad Sci 119:2003634119, 2022). The formulation presented builds on the technique of partitioned local depth by distilling two key probabilistic concepts: local relevance and support division. Earlier results are extended within the new context, and examples of applications to revealing communities in data with uncertainty are included. The work sheds light on the foundations of partitioned local depth, and extends the original ideas to enable probabilistic consideration of uncertain, variable and potentially conflicting information.
Examining Dyadic Stress Appraisal Processes Within Romantic Relationships from a Challenge and Threat Perspective
Authors: Peters Brett J. , Overall Nickola C. , Gresham Abriana M. , Tudder Ashley , Chang Valerie T. , Reis Harry T. , Jamieson Jeremy P.
Published: January 2024

The biopsychosocial model of challenge and threat emphasizes how individuals appraise stress. Close relationship theories emphasize the interpersonal context, communication, and outcomes that arise from stress. We integrate these approaches by examining the individual variability surrounding appraisals of sufficient (more challenge, less threat) or insufficient (more threat, less challenge) resources to cope with demands and examining how these appraisals are associated with couples’ behavior and feelings toward each other. Across three studies, 459 romantic couples (N = 918), and various potentially stressful in-lab conversations (extra-dyadic problem, dislikes about each other, dependability, and relationship conflict), we found evidence that stress appraisals indicative of more challenge and less threat were associated with more approach- and less avoidance-oriented behaviors within interactions. These approach- and avoidance-oriented behaviors were associated with greater feelings of relationship security and well-being after the conversation. However, whose (actors or partners) appraisals and behaviors were associated with security and well-being varied across the three studies. This work provides theoretical and empirical evidence for an interpersonal emphasis on intraindividual stress appraisal processes through a dyadic and close relationships lens. Our integrative theoretical framework breaks away from the idea that stress is inherently “bad” or “maladaptive” to show that appraising stress as more manageable (more challenge, less threat) is associated with more relationship behaviors that approach incentives and less that avoid threats and enhance feelings of relationship security and well-being.
Factors associated with family caregiver readiness to care for post-stroke patients after hospital discharge
Authors: Septianingrum Yurike , Yusuf Ah , Widyawati Ika Yuni , Sari Ratna Yunita , Wardani Erika Martining , Musfirah Naadiyah Roebbi , Lestari Eni Puji
Published: January 2024

Background

Post-stroke patients often need support from their family caregivers to continue their care after hospital discharge. Family caregiver readiness in caring for stroke patients is needed to improve the patient's quality of life. This study aimed to analyze factors affecting family caregivers' readiness for post-stroke patient care after hospital discharge.

Methods

A cross-sectional study of family members of stroke patients admitted to the neurology inpatient unit from February to April 2023, and they were selected through purposive sampling. The general demographic questionnaire, the stroke knowledge questionnaire, and the Family Readiness for Hospital Discharge Scale (FAM-RHDS) were used to gather the data. Data analysis was performed with IBM SPSS 26 software. Data were examined through the descriptive, Pearson correlation, and multiple linear regression tests.

Results

Fifty-nine respondents completed the questionnaires. Factors that were significantly related to family readiness to care for stroke patients were age (p = 0.000), gender (p = 0.000), income (p = 0.000), occupation (p = 0.000), marital status (p = 0.000), and knowledge (p = 0.000). Education level was the one that didn’t correlate with family readiness (p = 0.452). Gender is the most dominant factor affecting the readiness of family caregivers to care for stroke patients (coefficient B = 10.847).

Conclusion

Male family caregivers should be given special attention to improve their readiness to care for post-stroke patients. Assessment of family caregivers’ readiness for discharge should be part of discharge planning and those who are unprepared may be provided with additional interventions prior to discharge.
Radiated power and acoustic convergence zone properties of the vibration of the shaft-hull system in an ocean acoustic channel
Authors: Duan Jiaxi , Sun Xuehai , Chen Wenjing , Yin Lijun , Zhang Lin
Published: January 2024

To compute the vibroacoustic radiation of the shaft-hull system in an ocean acoustic channel, we apply the finite element method/boundary element method. For the convergence zone effect, we use the beam displacement ray normal mode to examine the profile of the speed of sound in seawater. To evaluate the radiation property of the system, we propose the concept of effective radiated acoustic power, where only reversing acoustic rays and seabed totally reflected rays are included. We reveal that the far-field radiation can be approximately inferred from the effective radiated acoustic power. Effective radiated acoustic power can be utilized to extract the main radiating modes, which dominate the far-field radiation. The axial force induces vibration, including breathing and bending modes, resulting in the highest peak of the radiated sound pressure level (SPL). The lateral and vertical excitation results in horizontal and vertical bending modes, respectively, and the SPL in convergence zones induced laterally are higher than those induced vertically.
Duet of ViT and CNN: multi-scale dual-branch network for fine-grained image classification of marine organisms
Authors: Si Guangzhe , Gu Zhaorui , Zheng Haiyong
Published: January 2024

Fine-grained image classification of marine organisms involves dividing subcategories within a larger category. For instance, this could mean distinguishing specific species of fish or types of algae. This type of classification is more intricate than regular image classification, as the minor feature differences between subcategories are often concentrated in one or a few specific areas. Therefore, accurately identifying these critical regions and effectively using local features are crucial in improving the accuracy of fine-grained image classification. Existing methods for fine-grained image classification primarily rely on single-branch models based on convolutional neural networks (CNNs) or vision transformers (ViTs). Consequently, merging them allows for a more comprehensive understanding of marine organism images. In addition, marine organism images are affected by the distance and angle of the shot, making it challenging to capture detailed local nuances at a single scale. To address these challenges, we propose a multi-scale dual-branch network (MSDBN) that combines the strengths of ViT and CNN for fine-grained image classification of marine organisms. Our model uses a novel two-stage selection module to select discriminative regions from the ViT branch. Following this, the CNN branch executes a more detailed feature extraction on the local regions. To effectively utilise the multi-scale information of marine organisms, we introduce our designed multi-scale shift-window self-attention, specifically for the ViT branch. MSDBN demonstrates improved performance compared to existing classical methods and the best-performing dual-branch methods on three marine datasets. Our code is released publicly at https://github.com/Xiaosigz/MSDBN.
A cyclic perspective on transient gust encounters through the lens of persistent homology
Authors: Smith Luke , Fukami Kai , Sedky Girguis , Jones Anya , Taira Kunihiko
Published: January 2024

Large-amplitude gust encounters exhibit a range of separated flow phenomena, making them difficult to characterize using the traditional tools of aerodynamics. In this work, we propose a dynamical systems approach to gust encounters, viewing the flow as a cycle (or a closed trajectory) in state space. We posit that the topology of this cycle, or its shape and structure, provides a compact description of the flow, and can be used to identify coordinates in which the dynamics evolve in a simple, intuitive way. To demonstrate this idea, we consider flowfield measurements of a transverse gust encounter. For each case in the dataset, we characterize the full-state dynamics of the flow using persistent homology, a tool that identifies holes in point cloud data, and transform the dynamics to a reduced-order space using a nonlinear autoencoder. Critically, we constrain the autoencoder such that it preserves topologically relevant features of the original dynamics, or those features identified by persistent homology. Using this approach, we are able to transform six separate gust encounters to a three-dimensional latent space, in which each gust encounter reduces to a simple circle, and from which the original flow can be reconstructed. This result shows that topology can guide the creation of low-dimensional state representations for strong transverse gust encounters, a crucial step towards the modelling and control of aerofoil–gust interactions.
Polarization effects in higher-order guiding-centre Lagrangian dynamics
Authors: Brizard Alain J.
Published: January 2024

The extended guiding-centre Lagrangian equations of motion are derived by the Lie-transform perturbation method under the assumption of time-dependent and inhomogeneous electric and magnetic fields that satisfy the standard guiding-centre space–time orderings. Polarization effects are introduced into the Lagrangian dynamics by the inclusion of the polarization drift velocity in the guiding-centre velocity and the appearance of finite-Larmor-radius corrections in the guiding-centre Hamiltonian and guiding-centre Poisson bracket.
SLAMB&MAI: a comprehensive methodology for SLAM benchmark and map accuracy improvement
Authors: Liu Shengshu , Sun Erhui , Dong Xin
Published: January 2024

SLAM Benchmark plays a pivotal role in the field by providing a common ground for performance evaluation. In this paper, a novel methodology of simultaneous localization and mapping benchmark and map accuracy improvement (SLAMB&MAI) is introduced. It can objectively evaluate errors of localization and mapping, and further improve map accuracy by utilizing evaluation results as feedback. The proposed benchmark transforms all elements into a global frame and measures the errors between them. The comprehensiveness consists in the benchmark of both localization and mapping, and the objectivity consists in the consideration of the correlation between localization and mapping by the preservation of the original pose relations between all reference frames. The map accuracy improvement is realized by first obtaining the optimization that minimizes the errors between the estimated trajectory and ground truth trajectory and then applying it to the estimated map. The experimental results showed that the map accuracy can be improved by an average of 15%. The optimization that yields minimal localization errors is obtained by the proposed Centre Point Registration-Iterative Closest Point (CPR-ICP). This proposed Iterative Closest Point (ICP) variant pre-aligns two point clouds by their centroids and least square planes and then uses traditional ICP to minimize the error between them. The experimental results showed that CPR-ICP outperformed traditional ICP, especially in cases involving large-scale environments. To the extent of our knowledge, this is the first work that can not only objectively benchmark both localization and mapping but also revise the estimated map and increase its accuracy, which provides insights into the acquisition of ground truth map and robot navigation.
Thinned array distribution with grating lobe canceller at any scan angle for automotive radar applications
Authors: Kohtani Masato , Cha Sungwoo , Schmalenberg Paul , Lee Jae , Li Linjie , Takahata Toshihiko , Yamaura Shinji , Matsuoka Toshihiko , Rebeiz Gabriel M.
Published: January 2024

A novel thinned antenna element distribution for cancelling grating lobes (GLs) as well as for reducing phase shifters (PSs) is presented for a two-dimensional phased-array automotive radar application. First, an efficient clustering technique of vertical adjacent elements is employed with array thinning for a PS reduction of 66.7%. In the proposed distribution, several single-element radiators (non-clustered antenna elements) are placed in the vertical direction with specific spacing in a grid of 16 × 12 (192) elements with λ/2 pitch. This disrupts the periodicity of phase-centers after element-clustering and takes a role as steerable GL canceller with capabilities of tracking and nullifying the GL at any scan angle. The proposed distribution enables beam steering up to ±60° in the azimuth plane, as well as ±25° in the elevation plane with cancelled GL and sidelobes. Furthermore, the proposed distribution has been efficiently calibrated with all elements activated by introducing the code division multiple access technique. To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this work represents the first fully calibrated state-of-the-art thinned distribution phased-array including a novel steerable GL canceller to track and nullify GLs.
Instant Response of Tibetan Plateau Surface Albedo to Snow Coverage and Depth in Snow Season
Authors: Miao Xin , Guo Weidong , Li Wenkai , Cao Yipeng , Ge Jun , Qiu Bo
Published: January 2024

Tibetan Plateau (TP) snow cover is featured by sub‐seasonal changes, affecting weather and climate in surrounding and downstream areas. Previous studies emphasize the effect of background atmospheric circulation on rapid changes of TP snow cover as a whole. However, spatial discrepant changes of snow cover over the TP with complex topography and uneven snowfall remain unaddressed. Our research indicates that snow cover fraction dominates the rapid changes of surface albedo across the TP, and snow depth also significantly influences surface albedo changes through modulating snow albedo in central and eastern TP with shallow snow. However, the excessive snow amount and empirical snow cover fraction schemes introduce spatially divergent biases of surface albedo changes in simulations. Our research highlights the instant response of TP surface albedo to both snow coverage and depth in snow season, and provides a promising perspective for improving TP snow and surface albedo simulations.
Localized Hybrid Simulation of Martian Crustal Magnetic Cusp Regions: Vertical Electric Potential Drop and Plasma Dynamics
Authors: Dong Yaxue , Brain David A. , Jarvinen Riku , Poppe Andrew R.
Published: January 2024

The localized crustal magnetic fields of Mars play an important role in the planet’s ionosphere‐solar wind interaction. Various physical processes in the induced magnetosphere, such as particle precipitation, field‐aligned currents, and ion outflow, are usually associated with the crustal magnetic cusp regions, where field lines are mostly vertical and open to space. Due to the small spatial scale (a few hundred km) of the Martian crustal magnetic cusps, localized models with high spatial resolutions and ion kinetics are needed to understand the physical processes. We adapt the simulation platform HYB developed at the Finnish Meteorological Institute to a moderately strong magnetic cusp above the Martian exobase with a 2‐D simulation domain assuming periodic boundary conditions on the third dimension. Two plasma sources are included in the simulation: hot protons from the induced magnetosphere and cold heavy ions (O+) from the ionosphere. Our model results can qualitatively reproduce the vertical electric potential drop, particle transport, and field aligned current in the cusp region. The vertical electric potential is built up mostly by the Hall electric field as a result of the separation between ion and electron fluxes of the downward plasma flow. By varying the model inputs, we found that the vertical potential drop depends on ionospheric ion density and magnetic field strength. These results tell us that energy is transferred from magnetospheric plasma to ionospheric plasma through the vertical electric potential buildup in magnetic cusps and how this process may affect electron precipitation, ion escape, and ionosphere conditions at Mars.
Heterogeneous Locking and Earthquake Potential on the South Peru Megathrust From Dense GNSS Network
Authors: Lovery B. , Chlieh M. , Norabuena E. , Villegas‐Lanza J. C. , Radiguet M. , Cotte N. , Tsapong‐Tsague A. , Quiroz W. , Sierra Farfán C. , Simons M. , Nocquet J. M. , Tavera H. , Socquet A.
Published: January 2024

The Central Andes subduction has been the theater of numerous large earthquakes since the beginning of the 21st Century, notably the 2001 Mw = 8.4 Arequipa, 2007 Mw = 8.0 Pisco and 2014 Mw = 8.1 Iquique earthquakes. We present an analysis of 47 permanent and 26 survey global navigation satellite system (GNSS) measurements acquired in Central‐South Peru between 2007 and 2022 to better understand the frictional properties of the megathrust interface. Using a trajectory model that mimics the different phases of the cycle, we extract a coherent interseismic GNSS field at the scale of the Central Andes from Lima to Arica (12–18.5°S). Interseismic models on a 3D slab geometry indicate that the locking level is relatively high and concentrated between 20 and 40‐km depth. Locking distributions indicate a high spatial variability of the coupling along the trench, with the presence of many locked patches that spatially correlate with the seismotectonic segmentation. Our study confirms the presence of a creeping segment where the Nazca Ridge is subducting; we also observe a lighter apparent decrease of coupling related to the Nazca Fracture Zone (NFZ). However, since the Nazca Ridge appears to behave as a strong barrier, the NFZ is less efficient to arrest seismic rupture propagation. Considering various uncertainty factors, we discuss the implication of our coupling estimates with size and timing of large megathrust earthquakes considering both deterministic and probabilistic approaches. We estimate that the South Peru segment could have a Mw = 8.4–9.0 earthquake potential depending principally on the considered seismic catalog and the seismic/aseismic slip ratio.
Shallow Seawater Chemistry May Make Reefs More Resistant to Ocean Acidification
Authors: Stanley Sarah
Published: January 2024

Research from the Florida Keys reveals geographic and seasonal variation in the effects of acidification on corals.
Tunable quantum dots in monolithic Fabry-Perot microcavities for high-performance single-photon sources
Authors: Yang Jiawei , Chen Yan , Rao Zhixuan , Zheng Ziyang , Song Changkun , Chen Yujie , Xiong Kaili , Chen Pingxing , Zhang Chaofan , Wu Wei , Yu Ying , Yu Siyuan
Published: January 2024

Cavity-enhanced single quantum dots (QDs) are the main approach towards ultra-high-performance solid-state quantum light sources for scalable photonic quantum technologies. Nevertheless, harnessing the Purcell effect requires precise spectral and spatial alignment of the QDs’ emission with the cavity mode, which is challenging for most cavities. Here we have successfully integrated miniaturized Fabry-Perot microcavities with a piezoelectric actuator, and demonstrated a bright single-photon source derived from a deterministically coupled QD within this microcavity. Leveraging the cavity-membrane structures, we have achieved large spectral tunability via strain tuning. On resonance, a high Purcell factor of ~9 is attained. The source delivers single photons with simultaneous high extraction efficiency of 0.58, high purity of 0.956(2) and high indistinguishability of 0.922(4). Together with its compact footprint, our scheme facilitates the scalable integration of indistinguishable quantum light sources on-chip, therefore removing a major barrier to the development of solid-state quantum information platforms based on QDs.