bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Emerging Light‐Harvesting Materials Based on Organic Photovoltaic D/A Heterojunctions for Efficient Photocatalytic Water Splitting
Authors: Guo Yaxiao , Sun Jiayuan , Guo Tao , Liu Yi , Yao Zhaoyang
Published: January 2024

Photocatalytic water splitting to hydrogen is a highly promising method to meet the surging energy consumption globally through the environmentally friendly means. As the initial step before photocatalysis, harvesting photons from sunlight is crucially important, thus making the design of photosensitizers with visible even near‐infrared (NIR) absorptions get more and more attentions. In the past three years, organic donor/acceptor (D/A) heterojunctions with absorptions extending to 950 nm, have emerged as the new star light‐harvesting materials for photocatalytic water splitting, demonstrating exciting advantages over inorganic materials in solar light utilization, hydrogen yielding rate, etc. This Minireview firstly gives a brief discussion about the principle processes and determining factors for photocatalytic water splitting with organic photovoltaic D/A heterojunction as photosensitizers. Thereafter, the current progress is summarized in details by introducing typical and excellent D/A heterojunction‐based photocatalytic systems. Finally, not only the great prospects but also the most challenging issues confronted by organic D/A heterojunctions are indicated along with a perspective on the opportunities and new directions for future material explorations.
Enhanced Oxygen Reduction Reaction Activity of the Wells‐Dawson Polyoxometalate P2W12Mo6 Immobilised in Nitrogen and Sulphur‐Doped Carbon Nanomaterials
Authors: Novais Hugo C. , Jarrais Bruno , Mbomekallé Israël‐Martyr , Teillout Anne‐Lucie , de Oliveira Pedro , Freire Cristina , Fernandes Diana M.
Published: January 2024

As the world faces an escalating energy crisis, the necessity of adopting alternative energy sources becomes increasingly evident. Despite challenges, the imperative to prioritise these eco‐friendly alternatives remains paramount in paving the way for a more sustainable and resilient future for our planet and its inhabitants. The pursuit of sustainable energy sources has brought the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) into the spotlight as a crucial cathodic reaction in energy‐converting systems, notably fuel cells (FCs). These FCs hold tremendous promise in providing an eco‐friendly and efficient energy supply. However, the widespread implementation of FCs is hindered by their reliance on expensive and scarce noble metal catalysts, such as platinum (Pt), which pose economic and environmental challenges. Hence, this work reports the preparation, characterisation (FTIR, XPS, SEM and EDX) and application of four composites based on doped‐carbon materials (CM) and on the Wells‐Dawson POM salt K6⋅α‐[P2W12Mo6O62] ⋅ 19H2O (P2W12Mo6@MWCNT_N8, P2W12Mo6@MWCNT_N6, P2W12Mo6@MWCNT_S6, and P2W12Mo6@GF_S6) as ORR electrocatalysts in alkaline medium (pH=13). The successful doping of the carbon materials with nitrogen (N) and sulphur (S) and the incorporation of the polyoxometalate were verified through comprehensive structural characterisation. Overall, P2W12Mo6@MWCNT_N8 exhibited favourable onset potentials of 0.84 V vs. RHE, highlighting its high catalytic activity. Additionally, the catalyst showed excellent tolerance to methanol crossover, retaining 91 % of initial current, which is crucial for practical fuel cell applications. Furthermore, the P2W12Mo6@MWCNT_N8 catalyst showed commendable stability, retaining 81 % of its initial current after 36000 seconds at an operating potential of E=0.46 V vs. RHE. These encouraging results denote the significant potential of this electrocatalyst in advancing sustainable energy conversion technologies.
Ceramic compositions for 5G devices containing niobium: A survey
Authors: Muccillo Reginaldo , Muccillo Eliana N. S.
Published: January 2024

The main dielectric properties of several ceramic materials having niobium in their composition, proposed to take part in 5G telecommunication devices, are reviewed. A preliminary basic presentation of 5G systems, the requirements for implementing their use, a concise review of the ceramic compositions containing niobium that have been studied thus far, and an evaluation of their performance are detailed. A survey is presented, including more than 80 different compositions containing niobium, focusing on key parameters, such as dielectric constant, quality factor, temperature coefficient, and sintering temperature. These parameters play a role for assessing the potential application of these ceramics in 5G devices.
Chiral separation of propranolol by electrokinetic chromatography using nanodiamonds and human serum albumin as a pseudo‐stationary phase in river water
Authors: Lanaro Verónica M. , Sombra Lorena L. , Altamirano Jorgelina C. , Almeida César A. , Stege Patricia W.
Published: January 2024

Propranolol is currently considered as an emerging contaminant in water bodies. In this study, R‐ and S‐propranolol were determined in river samples by electrokinetic chromatography (EKC) using nanodiamonds (NDs) and human serum albumin (HSA) as a pseudo‐stationary phase in order to achieve enantioseparation. Previously, river samples were preconcentrated using a column filled with Amberlite® IR‐120 and Dowex® 50WX8 resins. The setting up of influential factors such as temperature, voltage, pH, and HSA and NDs concentration is accurately described along this manuscript. A multivariate study and optimization was carried out to obtain the enantioseparation of propranolol (Rs = 2.91), which was reached under the following experimental conditions: voltage of 16 kV, temperature of 16°C, phosphate buffer pH 9.5, NDs of 0.20%, and HSA of 15 μmol l−1. The recoveries of analytes under optimal conditions were higher than 98%. The limits of detection were 0.85 μg l−1 for R‐ and S‐propranolol. The method was applied to real samples, and the obtained results in three different water sources studied were 1.02, 0.59, and 0.30 μg l−1 for the R‐enantiomer and 0.99, 0.54, and 0.28 μg l−1 for the S‐enantiomer. The accuracy of the proposed methodology (including bias and precision) has allowed us to propose it as a successful tool for the control of water quality.
Tailoring the Properties of Polyhydroxyalkanoates from Plastics to Elastomers via Stereoselective Copolymerizations of rac‐β‐Butyrolactone and β‐Propiolactone
Authors: Zhang Haoran , Qin Jiaojiao , Tang Xiaoyan
Published: January 2024

Comprehensive Summary

Poly(3‐hydroxybutyrate), a crucial member of the large biodegradable polyhydroxyalkanoate family, suffers from its brittleness. To enhance its performance, we employed a straightforward approach involving the ring‐opening copolymerization of racemic‐β‐butyrolactone (rac‐β‐BL) and β‐propiolactone (β‐PL) using the syndio‐selective amino‐alkoxy‐bis(phenolate)‐yttrium complex as a catalyst, thanks to the excellent ductility of poly(3‐hydroxypropionate). Control over the rac‐β‐BL/β‐PL feeding ratios and polymerization time yielded random or block copolymers with tunable thermal and mechanical properties comparable to traditional fossil‐based plastics. Furthermore, we achieved one‐pot synthesis of hard‐soft‐hard triblock copolymers by exploiting monomers’ different copolymerization rates and a bifunctional initiator, thus transforming polyhydroxyalkanoates from hard and tough plastics to soft and ductile thermoplastic elastomers.
Visible‐Light‐Driven Four‐Component Radical Relay Aminocarbonylation of Unactivated Alkenes†
Authors: Lu Bin , Bao Feng‐Shuo , He Zi‐Wei , Xiao Wen‐Jing , Chen Jia‐Rong
Published: January 2024

Comprehensive Summary

Catalytic four‐component radical carbonylation of unactivated alkenes has recently been recognized as a robust protocol for rapid construction of various structurally diverse carbonyl compounds. Given the significance of fluorine‐containing groups, this reaction class has been extensively applied to assembly of a variety of perfluoroalkyl carboxylic acid derivatives by transition metal catalysis. Herein, we report a visible‐light‐driven radical relay 1,2‐perfluoroalkylation aminocarbonylation of unactivated alkenes using CO gas as carbonyl source and 4CzIPN as organic photocatalyst. A wide range of alkenes and amines were well tolerated, providing the valuable β‐perfluoroalkylated amides with generally good yields and high chemoselectivity.
Navigating the economic challenges in childhood cancer control in low‐ and middle‐income countries: Insights from the CC‐BRIDGE tool and the global initiative for childhood cancer
Authors: Fuentes‐Alabi Soad
Published: January 2024

The increasing incidence of childhood cancer in low‐ and middle‐income countries (LMICs) presents significant economic and logistical challenges, affecting health care provision and equitable treatment access. This editorial explores the economic barriers to pediatric oncology care in LMICs, highlighting resource scarcity, socioeconomic inequities, and health care complexities. It emphasizes the need for detailed cost analysis within health systems complicated by inadequate data and variable treatment protocols. Central to the discussion is the "Childhood Cancers Budgeting Rapidly to Incorporate Disadvantaged Groups for Equity (CC‐BRIDGE) Tool" from the manuscript by Nancy Bolous et al., who proposed an innovative method to estimate the cost of integrating childhood cancer services into National Cancer Control Plans. This tool aligns with the World Health Organization's Global Initiative for Childhood Cancer to enhance survival rates and advocate for universal health coverage in pediatric oncology. The CC‐BRIDGE tool's methodological rigor provides a structured framework for cost analysis. Yet, it is recognized as an initial step requiring further enhancements for comprehensive economic forecasting and societal cost assessments. In conclusion, the editorial highlights the tool's critical role in incorporating childhood cancer care into national strategies in LMICs, contributing to the broader fight against cancer and advocating for comprehensive, equitable health care. It signifies a vital stride toward addressing pediatric oncology's economic challenges and supporting universal health coverage for childhood cancer care.
Effect of Frequency and Temperature on Dielectric and Transport Properties of CaO stabilized ZrO2@mullite composites
Authors: Biswal Bijaylaxmi , Mishra Dilip Kumar
Published: January 2024

This study concerns the synthesis and structure related electrical property analysis of CaO doped ZrO2@mullite composites. Two synthesis techniques (solid state reaction route and thermal plasma sintering) are used which results the formation of a composite consisting of mixed phase of orthorhombic mullite, tetragonal and monoclinic zirconia. The lattice parameters, residual strains, average crystallite size and cell volume of these CaO‐doped ZrO2@mullite composites are obtained from XRD analysis. Stabilization of t‐ZrO2 phase at room temperature is confirmed. Porous microstructure observed in SEM images results in low dielectric constant value of these composites. At room temperature and selected frequency of 1MHz, the dielectric constant and loss factor of 4.7 and 3.826 × 10−2 is observed for conventional CaO stabilized ZrO2@mullite composite and that of 3.8 and 2.19 × 10−2 is reported for plasma sintered CaO stabilized ZrO2@mullite composite. The impedance spectroscopic analysis demonstrates the negative temperature coefficient of resistance (NTCR) behavior and non‐Debye type relaxation behavior of both the CaO stabilized ZrO2@mullite composites. A negligible effect of electrode polarization is realized in these composites. The electronic band gap of conventional and plasma sintered CaO stabilized ZrO2@mullite composites is found to be around 3eV.
Carbon performance and financial debt: Effect of formal and informal institutions
Authors: Ferreras Adrián , Castro Paula , Tascón María T.
Published: January 2024

Climate change has led to a transformation of the economy, with institutions such as the European Commission pushing for decarbonization. Using a sample of 4607 European‐listed firms from 2005 to 2019, we find evidence that political and financial factors moderate the relationship between carbon performance and financial debt. Environmentally responsible firms operating in countries with better democratic values, associated with higher degrees of freedom and law enforcement, are favored with more access to debt. Similarly, better carbon performers obtain more debt in countries with concentrated banking markets, greater financial stability, and lower government debt. Furthermore, the cultural factors uncertainty avoidance and long‐term orientation moderate the relationship between carbon performance and financial debt, as well as the effect of political and financial institutions on this relationship. These results show the relevant role formal and informal institutions play in facilitating the decarbonization of firms, as well as the importance of coordinating European policies.
The impact of morphological density on reading comprehension in Arabic: A comparison between typically developing and children with reading disabilities
Authors: Asadi Ibrahim A. , Asli‐Badarneh Abeer , Vaknin‐Nusbaum Vered
Published: January 2024

This study examined the influence of morphological density on reading comprehension in Arabic and whether this influence differs between typical and children with reading disabilities. Morphological density in Arabic is a text feature that refers to using bound morphemes, creating dense words with more morphemes. The participants were 182 fifth‐graders, both typical and children with reading disabilities. Children were assessed in reading comprehension by reading texts with low‐ or high‐morphological density. Findings revealed that overall morphological density impacted reading comprehension performance. That is, scores were found to be higher while reading low‐density text than high‐density text. Moreover, an interaction of morphological density condition by reading proficiency showed no density text effect among typical developing readers. However, a difference was obtained in the children with reading disabilities whereas low‐morphological density text score was higher than the score of high‐morphological density text. The study highlights the importance of morphological awareness in reading comprehension in Arabic, extending that morphological density plays an important role in this process. The results are discussed in light of the lexical quality hypothesis and simple view of reading model. The findings imply the need of explicit morphological instruction for dense morphological forms.
Positive and Negative Social Consequences of Participating in a Sexual‐Network Study
Authors: Spahnie Morgan , Matthews Amiah , Kiss Dale , Ricks JaNelle , Miller William , Turner Abigail Norris
Published: January 2024

Assessment of risks and benefits of study participation is standard practice preceding the initiation of human subjects research. Although tracking adverse events during research participation is routine, collecting information from participants about what they perceive as benefits is less common. We longitudinally tracked social risks and benefits of participation among a cohort of 241 men who have sex with men participating in a sexual health study to improve participants' experiences and enhance understanding of participant motivations to enroll and attend follow‐up. Of the participants who returned for at least one follow‐up visit (n = 217, 90%), most (n = 185, 85%) reported positive consequences resulting from participation. Reporting of negative social consequences was rare, and all concerned a stigmatized reaction from someone learning about the participant's involvement in a sexual health study. Better identification of both positive and negative consequences resulting from research participation may improve how researchers design, recruit, and conduct research.
Moving to the Middle Ground: Redefining Genomic Utility to Expand Understanding of Familial Benefit
Authors: Brothers Kyle B. , Cooper Greg M. , McNamara Katelyn C. , Lemke Amy A. , Timmons Josie , Rich Carla A. , Cadigan R. Jean , Ponsaran Roselle S. , Goldenberg Aaron J.
Published: January 2024

Translational research has tended to ignore the question of whether receiving a genomic diagnosis provides utility in community care contexts outside of doctors' offices and hospitals. However, empirical research with parents has highlighted numerous ways that a genomic diagnosis might be of practical value in the care provided by teachers, physical or occupational therapists, speech‐language pathologists, behavior analysts, and nonphysician mental health providers. In this essay, we propose a new conceptual model of genomic utility that offers the opportunity to better capture a broad range of potential implications of genomic technologies for families in various social and organizational systems. We explore crucial research directions to better understand how redefined utility might affect families and nonphysician professionals.
Expansion and contraction of lake basin shape the genetic structure of Sinocyclocheilus (Osteichthyes: Cypriniformes: Cyprinidae) populations in Central Yunnan, China
Authors: Che Xing‐Jin , Zhang Yuan‐Wei , Wu An‐Li , Pan Xiao‐Fu , Wang Mo , Yang Jun‐Xing , Wang Xiao‐Ai
Published: January 2024

Geological events can strongly affect the genetic structures and differentiation of fish populations. Especially, as an endemic fish of the genus Sinocyclocheilus in the Yunnan‐Guizhou Plateau, the effects of key geological events on the distributions and genetic structures remain poorly understood. Examining the phylogeographic patterns of Sinocyclocheilus fishes can be useful for elucidating the spatio‐temporal dynamics of their population size, dispersal history and extent of geographical isolation, thereby providing a theoretical basis for their protection. Here, we used single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) method to investigate the phylogeographic patterns of Sinocyclocheilus fishes. Our analysis supports the endemicity of Sinocyclocheilus, but the samples of different regions of Sinocyclocheilus contain multiple ancestral components, which displayed more admixed and diversified genetic components, this may be due to the polymorphism of the ancestors themselves, or gene infiltration caused by hybridization between adjacent species of Sinocyclocheilus. We estimate that the most recent common ancestor (MRCA) of Sinocyclocheilus fish in the Central Yunnan Basin at approximately 3.75~3.11 Ma, and infer that the evolution of Sinocyclocheilus in the central Yunnan Basin is closely related to the formation of plateau lakes (around 4.0~0.02 Ma), and identifies the formation of Dianchi Lake and Fuxian Lake as key geological events shaping Sinocyclocheilus population structure. It is also the first time to prove that the altitude change has a great influence on the genetic variation among the populations of Sinocyclocheilus.
N‐Carboxyanhydrides (NCAs): Unorthodox and Useful Reagents for Amide Synthesis
Authors: Smith Simon N. , Connon Stephen J.
Published: January 2024

N‐Carboxyanhydrides (NCAs) are compounds derived from the addition of a carboxylic acid to an isocyanate, and are known to form amides readily with the release of CO2 as a by‐product. NCAs have been known for over 120 years, but despite their lengthy history, have remained so far overshadowed by more traditional approaches to amide bond formation. In this review, the potential utility of NCAs in the context of amide bond formation is reviewed and their preparation, reactivity and practical application are also discussed.
Acheta domesticus (house cricket) as human foods ‐ An approval of the European Commission ‐ A systematic review
Authors: Siddiqui Shahida Anusha , Zhao Tiantian , Fitriani Aprilia , Rahmadhia Safinta Nurindra , Alirezalu Kazem , Fernando Ito
Published: January 2024

Entomophagy (consumption of insects) has been proposed as one of the important solutions to the food crisis caused by population growth. Despite a long history of insect consumption, numerous challenges have arisen that question the feasibility of using insects as a food source. It should be notifying that Acheta domesticus (house cricket) is recently approved by Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) 2022/188 as a novel food ingredient. Gaining a comprehensive understanding of the house cricket is paramount for fostering a proper appreciation of its potential as a food source. This review aims to provide comprehensive and in‐depth information on the house cricket, covering various aspects such as its consumption, bioecology, nutritional value, health benefits, harvesting and rearing, and processing methods for use as a food source. Additionally, the consumer acceptance of house cricket will be discussed and specific information on why it has gained approval in the European Union will also be provided. The consumption of crickets has a long history as both food and feed. They are environmentally friendly to rear, making them an attractive option for human consumption. House cricket, in particular, holds promise as a sustainable alternative to traditional farming and conventional food sources due to its nutritional and pharmaceutical properties. Different processing methods enhance its potential. However, there are challenges regarding public acceptance, which can be overcome through diverse processing techniques and applications. Further research and efforts are needed to expand the acceptance and application of A. domesticus.
Landscape analysis of healthcare workforce and resilience actions in the Sahelian context of high security challenge areas: The case of Burkina Faso
Authors: Ouedraogo Ousmane , Siguré Salif , Sanou Simon , Kaboré Aissata , Dahany Marie Michele , Diallo Saidou
Published: January 2024

Introduction

Access to health services is a major challenge in developing countries in general, particularly those affected by insecurity. The availability of sufficient quantity and quality of equitably distributed healthcare workforce is a major obstacle, yet it is an essential pillar of an effective and efficient national health system. Burkina Faso, similar to other countries in the Sahel, has been affected by an unprecedented security crisis that has severely tested the functionality of health facilities and the availability of healthcare workforce.

Objective

To describe the landscape of healthcare workforce and to analyse the actions taken by the government and other stakeholders to improve the resilience of the system and the retention of healthcare workers in the context of major security challenges.

Methods

This is a transversal, descriptive and analytical study carried out in Burkina Faso in 2023 through a documentary review, analyses of databases collected from health districts and regional directorates, focus groups and a national triangulation workshop with key informants.

Results

The study shows that, with the closure and minimal functioning of certain health facilities in security‐challenged areas, healthcare workforceare concentrated in the urban areas of regional and district capitals, to the detriment of rural areas. Some staff become in an irregular situation regarding the administration. To strengthen resilience to the crisis, the main solutions have been implemented: (i) enhancing the community platform with the recruitment of 15,000 community‐based health volunteers, (ii) delegating tasks to community health agents, (iii) simplified approaches, (iv) advanced health posts and mobile clinics, (v) redeployment to the most stable structures, (vi) thinking about legislation in crisis situations.

Conclusion

Community resilience through the delegation of tasks to community‐based health workers and strengthening of the community health platform has helped ensure the continuity of care in insecure areas. However, the optimization of innovative and attractive strategies will further improve the retention and return of healthcare workers in rural areas affected.
Decoding Skd3 (Human CLPB): A Mitochondrial Protein Disaggregase Critical for Human Health
Authors: Cupo Ryan R. , Shorter James
Published: January 2024

Protein folding is important for all life. Indeed, protein misfolding can result in catastrophic protein aggregation and toxicity. The pathways involved in reversing protein aggregation within human mitochondria had long been unknown. We recently discovered that Skd3 (human CLPB) is a potent mitochondrial protein disaggregase, which is regulated by the rhomboid protease PARL, and maintains the solubility of many important mitochondrial proteins. Skd3 variants underlie several debilitating human diseases, including 3‐methylglutaconic aciduria, severe congenital neutropenia, and premature ovarian insufficiency. Here, we describe advances in understanding Skd3 function, mechanism, and structure and place these discoveries in the context of physiology and disease.
Surgical tooth extraction in cats and dogs. Part 1: basics of dental extractions
Authors: Haseler James , van Velzen Hannah , Perry Andrew
Published: January 2024

Background: Dental extractions in their various forms (collectively known as exodontics) are exceedingly common treatments in first‐opinion practice. Despite being something even the most seasoned colleagues often dread performing, it is a skill all veterinary surgeons, including new graduates, are expected to be confident in. However, veterinary dentistry is commonly undertaught in universities and so many of us end up being taught these skills in practice by our colleagues, who, in most cases, haven't had a significant level of formal training themselves and feel less than positive about the task. Therefore, it is no wonder that many vets begin to sweat at the idea of a geriatric cat with tooth resorption that's been booked in for extractions just before evening consultations. Fortunately, with but a small amount of knowledge and a modicum of practice, dental extractions can quickly become hugely rewarding and potentially transformative for patient welfare.

Aim of the article: The intention of this two‐part series is to provide readers with the comprehensive knowledge needed to successfully perform dental extractions. This first part focuses on clinical anatomy, dental instrumentation and the basic principles of extractions. Part two, to be published in a subsequent issue, will focus on closed and open extractions, from initial flap design to closure.
Storing veterinary medical products correctly and safely
Authors: Burgess Colin
Published: January 2024

The correct storage of veterinary medical products and accurate recording of temperatures has been highlighted as an area of concern by the RCVS and the Veterinary Medicines Directorate. This article explains the refrigeration technology that can ensure compliance with the Veterinary Medicines Regulations and help to take the pressure off busy practices and teams.
Octyl gallate has potent anti‐inflammasome activity by directly binding to NLRP3 LRR domain
Authors: Park Hana , Ko Ryeojin , Seo Jeongin , Ahn Guk Young , Choi Sung‐Wook , Kwon Mijung , Lee Soo Young
Published: January 2024

The NOD‐, LRR‐, and Pyrin domain‐containing protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome plays key roles in regulating inflammation. Numerous studies show that the abnormal activation of NLRP3 associates with the initiation and progression of various diseases. Hence, the NLRP3 inflammasome may be a promising therapeutic target for these diseases. Octyl gallate (OG) is a small molecule with antioxidant, antimicrobial, antifungal, and anti‐inflammatory activities; however, the mechanism underlying its anti‐inflammatory activity is still unclear. Here, we developed a screening system for NLRP3‐inflammasome inhibitors. A total of 3287 small molecules were screened for inhibitors of nigericin‐induced NLRP3 oligomerization. OG was identified as a novel inhibitor. We show that OG directly targets the LRR domain of NLRP3 and thereby blocks the inflammatory cascade of the NLRP3 inflammasome. This contrasts with the mode‐of‐action of other direct NLRP3 inhibitors, which all bind to the NACHT domain of NLRP3. Interestingly, OG also inhibits the priming step by downregulating the Raf‐MEK1/2‐ERK1/2 axis. Thus, OG inhibits the NLRP3 inflammasome by two distinct mechanisms. Importantly, OG injection ameliorated the inflammation in mouse models of foot gout and sepsis. Our study identifies OG as a potential therapeutic agent for NLRP3‐associated diseases.
Efficacy of hemostatic gel for perioperative bleeding and prevention of delayed bleeding of cold snare polypectomy under anticoagulant
Authors: Yoshida Naohisa , Dohi Osamu , Inagaki Yoshikazu , Tomita Yuri , Hashimoto Hikaru , Kobayashi Reo , Inoue Ken , Hirose Ryohei , Morimoto Yasutaka , Inada Yutaka , Murakami Takaaki , Itoh Yoshito
Published: January 2024

Background and Aim

A hemostatic gel, PuraStat (3‐D Matrix, Tokyo, Japan), is used for various gastrointestinal hemostasis. In this study, we analyzed the efficacy of PuraStat for perioperative bleeding (POB) and prevention of delayed bleeding (DB) to colorectal cold snare polypectomy (CSP) with continuous anticoagulant.

Methods

This was a single‐center, retrospective study. Subjects were lesions of 2–9 mm under continuous anticoagulant from 2021 to 2023 and treated with PuraStat for POB. The definition of POB was bleeding which did not stop spontaneously by 1.0–1.5 min after resection and needed hemostasis. Successful hemostasis was defined as cessation of bleeding within 1.0–1.5 min after spraying PuraStat and the rate of it and risk factors of POB were analyzed. For comparison, cases receiving previous CSP without PuraStat were extracted from all cases with CSP (2018‐2021), and POB and DB rate (DBR) were analyzed after propensity score matching.

Results

One hundred twenty‐two lesions (91: direct oral anticoagulant (DOAC), 31: warfarin) with anticoagulant were analyzed and the rate of successful hemostasis with PuraStat was 92.6% (DOAC/warfarin: 93.4%/80.6%, P = 0.01). The rate of DB was 0.0%. Multivariate analysis showed that significant risk factors about unsuccessful hemostasis for POB with PuraStat were lesion size 8–9 mm (P < 0.01), warfarin (P = 0.01), and combination of antiplatelet (P = 0.01). Regarding the comparison about CSP with/without PuraStat, the clipping rate and DBR were 8.5%/94.9% (P < 0.01) and 0%/1.7% (P = 1.0).

Conclusion

The effects of PuraStat for POB and DB in colorectal CSP with continuous anticoagulant were acceptable.
Self–Other Rating Accuracy and Leadership Emergence: Does Rating Accuracy Influence Who Emerges as a Leader?
Authors: Kass Darrin , Kim Jung Seek , Rotenberry Paul F. , Bommer William H.
Published: January 2024

The current study investigated how individual differences in self–other rating agreement (SOA) were related to leadership emergence. A sample of 4,524 students from MBA programs in the United States and Canada completed a leaderless group task as part of an assessment center. The results revealed that emergence varied by SOA, with underraters exhibiting the highest levels of emergence, followed by self‐aware (i.e., accurate), and then overraters. One of the intriguing results is that underraters were more likely to display emergent behaviors than accurate raters, raising questions about the widely held belief regarding the use of accurate self‐assessments as an indicator of leadership effectiveness. Overall, the results indicate that SOA is an antecedent of leadership emergence behaviors. While prior research has examined the effect of SOA on performance, commitment, and leadership perceptions, the study contributes to the literature by examining whether SOA influences actual emergence behavior.
Recurrence‐risk stratification using the Beppu score and selection of perioperative chemotherapy for colorectal liver metastases
Authors: Beppu Toru , Yamamura Kensuke , Imai Katsunori , Hayashi Hiromitsu , Miyamoto Yuji
Published: January 2024

The annual postoperative disease‐free survival for colorectal liver metastases can be easily estimated by weighting six preoperative clinical parameters (Beppu score). We identified three recurrence‐risk stratification groups: the low (≤6 points), moderate (7–10 points), and high‐risk (≥11 points). For low‐, moderate‐, and high‐risk patients, hepatectomy alone, hepatectomy with adjuvant chemotherapy, and hepatectomy with preoperative chemotherapy are recommended, respectively. The Beppu score enables the decision on the necessity and timing of perioperative chemotherapy.
Transcriptomic profiling reveals key early response genes during GDF6‐mediated differentiation of human adipose‐derived stem cells to nucleus pulposus cells
Authors: Gilbert Hamish T. J. , Wignall Francis E. J. , Zeef Leo , Hoyland Judith A. , Richardson Stephen M.
Published: January 2024

Background

Stem cell‐based therapies show promise as a means of repairing the degenerate intervertebral disc, with growth factors often used alongside cells to help direct differentiation toward a nucleus pulposus (NP)‐like phenotype. We previously demonstrated adipose‐derived stem cell (ASC) differentiation with GDF6 as optimal for generating NP‐like cells through evaluating end‐stage differentiation parameters. Here we conducted a time‐resolved transcriptomic characterization of ASCs response to GDF6 stimulation to understand the early drivers of differentiation to NP‐like cells.

Methods

Human ASCs were treated with recombinant human GDF6 for 2, 6, and 12 h. RNA sequencing and detailed bioinformatic analysis were used to assess differential gene expression, gene ontology (GO), and transcription factor involvement during early differentiation. Quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) was used to validate RNA sequencing findings and inhibitors used to interrogate Smad and Erk signaling pathways, as well as identify primary and secondary response genes.

Results

The transcriptomic response of ASCs to GDF6 stimulation was time‐resolved and highly structured, with “cell differentiation” “developmental processes,” and “response to stimulus” identified as key biological process GO terms. The transcription factor ERG1 was identified as a key early response gene. Temporal cluster analysis of differentiation genes identified positive regulation NP cell differentiation, as well as inhibition of osteogenesis and adipogenesis. A role for Smad and Erk signaling in the regulation of GDF6‐induced early gene expression response was observed and both primary and secondary response genes were identified.

Conclusions

This study identifies a multifactorial early gene response that contributes to lineage commitment, with the identification of a number of potentially useful early markers of differentiation of ASCs to NP cells. This detailed insight into the molecular processes in response to GDF6 stimulation of ASCs is important for the development of an efficient and efficacious cell‐based therapy for intervertebral disc degeneration‐associated back pain.
Comparison of Comfort and Patient Preference of Common and a Novel Position for Ultrasound‐Guided Carpal Tunnel Injections
Authors: Balser David Y. , Schwanz Kersten L. , Wheelock Corey J. , Crosby Margaret , Schuerger Willis , Walters Luke , Weyrauch Sarah , Senk Alexander M.
Published: January 2024

Objectives

This study compared levels of discomfort among three positions for ultrasound‐guided carpal tunnel injections (USCTI) to potentially facilitate and improve the procedure's tolerability in treating carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS).

Methods

Ambulatory Veterans referred for electromyography (EMG) evaluation of CTS were eligible for the study; a total of 30 participants were evaluated. Participants were asked to hold three different positions: 1) Hypersupination, 2) Airplane, and 3) total supported abduction (TSA). Participants rated their pain level, ease of performing/holding each position, exacerbation of underlying symptoms, and position preference. Results were analyzed with two‐way repeated measures ANOVA.

Results

Hypersupination was determined to be the least preferred and most painful position to hold, demonstrating a statistically significant increase in the Numeric Rating Scale score for pain during the procedure compared with Airplane and TSA, which were not significantly different from one another. Pre‐procedure neck, shoulder, elbow, and wrist pain were not significantly associated with intra‐procedure pain.

Conclusions

When performing USCTI, patient comfort can be optimized by avoiding Hypersupination. Utilizing the Airplane or TSA positions may provide similar access for ulnar approach injections while inducing lower levels of discomfort. Clinical space, resources, patient mobility, and laterality of procedures may further guide one's selection among the positions.
Analgesic Efficacy of Ropivacaine Infiltration on Early Post‐Tonsillectomy Pain in Pediatrics
Authors: Albazee Ebraheem , Abdelwahab Omar A. , Abdelaziz Ahmed , Magzoub Duha , Abu‐Zaid Ahmed
Published: January 2024

Objective

To assess the analgesic efficacy of ropivacaine infiltration in the tonsillar fossa among pediatric patients undergoing tonsillectomy.

Data Sources

PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and CENTRAL.

Review Methods

Eligible randomized controlled trials (RCTs) were assessed for bias using Cochrane's risk of bias tool (version 2). Our primary outcome was postoperative pain within 24 h, and secondary outcomes included operative time, intraoperative blood loss, time to first analgesia, bleeding, and nausea/vomiting. Data were pooled as mean difference, standardized mean difference, and risk ratio with a 95% confidence interval.

Results

Our review included 11 RCTs, with a total of 712 patients. The quality of studies varied and included low risk (n = 8 RCTs), some concerns (n = 2 RCTs), and high risk (n = 1 RCT) of bias. The primary endpoint of postoperative pain across all time points was significantly reduced in the ropivacaine group compared with the placebo group. Trial sequential analysis (TSA) of the postoperative pain depicted conclusive evidence and unnecessity for further RCTs. The mean operative time was significantly reduced in the ropivacaine group compared with the placebo group. However, there was no significant difference between both groups regarding additional clinical (i.e., mean intraoperative blood loss and mean time to first analgesia) and safety (i.e., rates of bleeding and nausea/vomiting) outcomes.

Conclusion

This systematic review and meta‐analysis demonstrated the safety and postoperative analgesic efficacy of ropivacaine versus placebo among pediatric patients undergoing tonsillectomy. There was no significant difference between both groups regarding intraoperative blood loss, time to first analgesia, and rate of postoperative bleeding.

Level of Evidence

1 Laryngoscope, 134:3018–3029, 2024
ACE2andTAS2R38receptor expression in pediatric and adult patients in the nasal and oral cavity
Authors: Franks Zechariah G. , Nandakumar Kavitha , Santhanam Lakshmi , Lester Laeben , Walsh Jonathan M. , Dalesio Nicholas M.
Published: January 2024

Objective

To investigate differences in angiotensin‐converting‐enzyme‐2 (ACE2) and bitter taste receptor (TAS2R38) expression between patient age groups and comorbidities to characterize the pathophysiology of coronavirus 19(COVID‐19) pandemic. ACE2 is the receptor implicated to facilitate SARS‐CoV‐2 infections and levels of expression may correlate to the severity of COVID‐19 infection. TAS2R38 has many non‐gustatory roles in disease, with some evidence of severe COVID‐19 disease in certain receptor phenotypes.

Methods

We conducted a prospective cohort study and collected nasal and lingual tissue from healthy pediatric (n = 22) and adult (n = 25) patients undergoing general anesthesia for elective procedures. RNA isolation and qPCR were performed with primers targeting ACE2 and TAS2R38.

Results

A total of 25 adult (52% male; 44% obese) and 22 pediatric (50% male; 36% obese) patients were enrolled, pediatric tissue had 43% more nasal ACE2 RNA expression than adults with a median fold change of 0.69 (IQR 0.37, 0.98) in adults and 0.99 (IQR 0.74, 1.43) in children (p < .05). There were no differences between the age groups in ACE2 expression of lingual tissue (p = .14) or TAS2R38 expression collected from either nasal (p = 049) or lingual tissue (p = .49). Stratifying for obesity yielded similar differences between nasal ACE2 expression between adults and children with median fold change of 0.56 (IQR 0.32, 0.87) in adults and 1.0 (IQR 0.82, 1.52) in children (p < .05).

Conclusions

ACE2 receptor expression is higher in nasal tissue collected from children compared to adults, suggesting COVID‐19 infectivity is more complicated than ACE2 and TAS2R38 mRNA expression.

Level of Evidence

NA.
Differential dissolution of biogenic silica significantly affects the utility of sediment diatoms as paleoceanographic proxies
Authors: Ran Lihua , Wiesner Martin G. , Liang Yuzhao , Liang Wen , Zhang Lanlan , Yang Zhi , Li Hongliang , Chen Jianfang
Published: January 2024

Diatoms and biogenic silica (biogenic Si) in sediments are commonly analyzed as paleoceanographic environmental indicators. However, the correspondence between these sedimentary components and their counterparts in the water column above can vary over time and space. This study, undertaken in the northern South China Sea, compares diatoms and biogenic Si in sinking particles from the water column with those in surface sediments below. The results indicate substantial losses of diatoms and biogenic Si during sinking and burial, along with changes in diatom assemblages. About 6% of diatoms sinking from 1000 m depth are estimated to be preserved in sediments: 32% are recycled in the water column and 62% are lost at the sediment–water interface. Approximately, 12% of biogenic Si is preserved in sediments: 6% is remineralized in the water column and 82% is lost at the sediment–water interface. The differences between diatom and biogenic Si preservation and remineralization are likely due to differences in dissolution resistance among the various diatom species and between diatoms and other silicifiers (e.g., radiolarians), along with effects of lateral transport. This variability introduces uncertainties into paleoceanographic inferences made from these two proxies from the sediments. Thalassionema nitzschioides was found to dominate sediment assemblages, which we attribute to its great resistance to dissolution, and to be negatively correlated with diatom sinking fluxes. These properties suggest that in the northern South China Sea, T. nitzschioides may potentially be useful as an indicator of low paleoproductivity (e.g., as seen during strong El Niño events).
Hydrogel‐Based Systems in Neuro‐Vascularized Bone Regeneration: A Promising Therapeutic Strategy
Authors: Li Xiaojing , Cui Ya , He Xiaoya , Mao Lixia
Published: January 2024

Blood vessels and nerve fibers are distributed throughout the skeletal tissue, which enhance the development and function of each other and have an irreplaceable role in bone formation and remodeling. Despite significant progress in bone tissue engineering, the inadequacy of nerve‐vascular network reconstruction remains a major limitation. This is partly due to the difficulty of integrating and regulating multiple tissue types with artificial materials. Thus, understanding the anatomy and underlying coupling mechanisms of blood vessels and nerve fibers within bone to further develop neuro‐vascularized bone implant biomaterials is an extremely critical aspect in the field of bone regeneration. Hydrogels have good biocompatibility, controllable mechanical characteristics, and osteoconductive and osteoinductive properties, making them important candidates for research related to neuro‐vascularized bone regeneration. This review reports the classification and physicochemical properties of hydrogels, with a focus on the application advantages and status of hydrogels for bone regeneration. The authors also highlight the effect of neurovascular coupling on bone repair and regeneration and the necessity of achieving neuro‐vascularized bone regeneration. Finally, the recent progress and design strategies of hydrogel‐based biomaterials for neuro‐vascularized bone regeneration are discussed.
The conceptualization of enablers and constraints of in‐store buying as part of the affordances flow funnel process through scan and go apps
Authors: Naeem Muhammad , Ozuem Wilson , Howell Kerry , Ranfagni Silvia
Published: January 2024

This study explores the affordances of “scan and go” apps and their influence on the flow experience of retail customers to provide a unique insight into user–technology interaction. Through a constructivist ethnographic approach, the research examines how users' socially constructed perceptions and interpretations shape these interactions, and it emphasizes the role of the material and social environment. The research innovatively conceptualizes affordances as a flow process; it introduces an affordances flow funnel that encompasses three distinct stages: perceived affordances, actualized affordances, and affordance dichotomy. By following this process, the study improves understanding of user emotions and behaviors that range from apathy to excitement, from gratification to provocation, and from abandonment to absorption. Findings underline the importance of equipping users with support to navigate technological and environmental constraints, thereby ensuring successful affordance actualization. The research contributes to the literature by revealing a new affordance type, namely affordance dichotomy, and offers valuable insights for marketers and developers to enhance user experiences and absorption behavior. Recognizing its focus on scan and go apps within supermarket contexts, the study invites future research to extend this understanding to different contexts and technologies.
Advance selling of fresh produce e‐tailer with uncertain demand and risk‐averse consumers
Authors: Fan Jixin , Zhang Xumei , Dan Bin , Tian Yu , Chen Zhenjiang
Published: January 2024

Aiming to investigate whether a fresh produce e‐tailer should implement the strategy of advance selling considering the behavior of consumers' risk aversion, we build a two‐stage newsvendor decision‐making model and further explore how the advance selling value is affected by factors, such as the freshness‐keeping cost and the effect of demand information updating on reducing demand uncertainty. The results indicate that adopting advance selling strategy benefits the e‐tailer or not depends on consumer risk aversion and the effect of demand information updating on reducing demand uncertainty. The increasing effect of demand information updating on reducing demand uncertainty is conducive to improving the value of advance selling, and the freshness‐keeping cost may increase or decrease the value of advance selling. Besides, adopting the strategy of advance selling may benefit both the e‐tailer and the consumers under certain conditions.