bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Chromosome-level assembly of Dictyophora rubrovolvata genome using third-generation DNA sequencing and Hi-C analysis
Authors: Ma Lu , Yang Chi , Xiao Donglai , Liu Xiaoyu , Jiang Xiaoling , Lin Hui , Ying Zhenghe , Lin Yanquan
Published: June 2023

Dictyophora rubrovolvata, a rare edible mushroom with both nutritional and medicinal values, was regarded as the “queen of the mushroom” for its attractive appearance. Dictyophora rubrovolvata has been widely cultivated in China in recent years, and many researchers were focusing on its nutrition, culture condition, and artificial cultivation. Due to a lack of genomic information, research on bioactive substances, cross breeding, lignocellulose degradation, and molecular biology is limited. In this study, we report a chromosome-level reference genome of D. rubrovolvata using the PacBio single-molecule real-time-sequencing technique and high-throughput chromosome conformation capture (Hi-C) technologies. A total of 1.83 Gb circular consensus sequencing reads representing ∼983.34 coverage of the D. rubrovolvata genome were generated. The final genome was assembled into 136 contigs with a total length of 32.89 Mb. The scaffold and contig N50 length were 2.71 and 2.48 Mb, respectively. After chromosome-level scaffolding, 11 chromosomes with a total length of 28.24 Mb were constructed. Genome annotation further revealed that 9.86% of the genome was composed of repetitive sequences, and a total of 508 noncoding RNA (rRNA: 329, tRNA: 150, ncRNA: 29) were annotated. In addition, 9,725 protein-coding genes were predicted, among which 8,830 (90.79%) genes were predicted using homology or RNA-seq. Benchmarking Universal Single-Copy Orthologs results further revealed that there were 80.34% complete single-copy fungal orthologs. In this study, a total of 360 genes were annotated as belonging to the carbohydrate-active enzymes family. Further analysis also predicted 425 cytochromes P450 genes, which can be classified into 41 families. This highly accurate, chromosome-level reference genome of D. rubrovolvata will provide essential genomic information for understanding the molecular mechanism in its fruiting body formation during morphological development and facilitate the exploitation of medicinal compounds produced by this mushroom.
A chromosome-scale genome assembly and evaluation of mtDNA variation in the willow leaf beetle Chrysomela aeneicollis
Authors: Bracewell Ryan R , Stillman Jonathon H , Dahlhoff Elizabeth P , Smeds Elliott , Chatla Kamalakar , Bachtrog Doris , Williams Caroline , Rank Nathan E
Published: June 2023

The leaf beetle Chrysomela aeneicollis has a broad geographic range across Western North America but is restricted to cool habitats at high elevations along the west coast. Central California populations occur only at high altitudes (2,700–3,500 m) where they are limited by reduced oxygen supply and recent drought conditions that are associated with climate change. Here, we report a chromosome-scale genome assembly alongside a complete mitochondrial genome and characterize differences among mitochondrial genomes along a latitudinal gradient over which beetles show substantial population structure and adaptation to fluctuating temperatures. Our scaffolded genome assembly consists of 21 linkage groups; one of which we identified as the X chromosome based on female/male whole genome sequencing coverage and orthology with Tribolium castaneum. We identified repetitive sequences in the genome and found them to be broadly distributed across all linkage groups. Using a reference transcriptome, we annotated a total of 12,586 protein-coding genes. We also describe differences in putative secondary structures of mitochondrial RNA molecules, which may generate functional differences important in adaptation to harsh abiotic conditions. We document substitutions at mitochondrial tRNA molecules and substitutions and insertions in the 16S rRNA region that could affect intermolecular interactions with products from the nuclear genome. This first chromosome-level reference genome will enable genomic research in this important model organism for understanding the biological impacts of climate change on montane insects.
Improving the annotation of the cattle genome by annotating transcription start sites in a diverse set of tissues and populations using Cap Analysis Gene Expression sequencing
Authors: Salavati Mazdak , Clark Richard , Becker Doreen , Kühn Christa , Plastow Graham , Dupont Sébastien , Moreira Gabriel Costa Monteiro , Charlier Carole , Clark Emily Louise
Published: June 2023

Understanding the genomic control of tissue-specific gene expression and regulation can help to inform the application of genomic technologies in farm animal breeding programs. The fine mapping of promoters [transcription start sites (TSS)] and enhancers (divergent amplifying segments of the genome local to TSS) in different populations of cattle across a wide diversity of tissues provides information to locate and understand the genomic drivers of breed- and tissue-specific characteristics. To this aim, we used Cap Analysis Gene Expression (CAGE) sequencing, of 24 different tissues from 3 populations of cattle, to define TSS and their coexpressed short-range enhancers (<1 kb) in the ARS-UCD1.2_Btau5.0.1Y reference genome (1000bulls run9) and analyzed tissue and population specificity of expressed promoters. We identified 51,295 TSS and 2,328 TSS-Enhancer regions shared across the 3 populations (dairy, beef-dairy cross, and Canadian Kinsella composite cattle from 2 individuals, 1 of each sex, per population). Cross-species comparative analysis of CAGE data from 7 other species, including sheep, revealed a set of TSS and TSS-Enhancers that were specific to cattle. The CAGE data set will be combined with other transcriptomic information for the same tissues to create a new high-resolution map of transcript diversity across tissues and populations in cattle for the BovReg project. Here we provide the CAGE data set and annotation tracks for TSS and TSS-Enhancers in the cattle genome. This new annotation information will improve our understanding of the drivers of gene expression and regulation in cattle and help to inform the application of genomic technologies in breeding programs.
(Quasi) multitask support vector regression with heuristic hyperparameter optimization for whole-genome prediction of complex traits: a case study with carcass traits in broilers
Authors: Alves Anderson Antonio Carvalho , Fernandes Arthur Francisco Araujo , Lopes Fernando Brito , Breen Vivian , Hawken Rachel , Gianola Daniel , Rosa Guilherme Jordão de Magalhães
Published: June 2023

This study investigates nonlinear kernels for multitrait (MT) genomic prediction using support vector regression (SVR) models. We assessed the predictive ability delivered by single-trait (ST) and MT models for 2 carcass traits (CT1 and CT2) measured in purebred broiler chickens. The MT models also included information on indicator traits measured in vivo [Growth and feed efficiency trait (FE)]. We proposed an approach termed (quasi) multitask SVR (QMTSVR), with hyperparameter optimization performed via genetic algorithm. ST and MT Bayesian shrinkage and variable selection models [genomic best linear unbiased predictor (GBLUP), BayesC (BC), and reproducing kernel Hilbert space (RKHS) regression] were employed as benchmarks. MT models were trained using 2 validation designs (CV1 and CV2), which differ if the information on secondary traits is available in the testing set. Models’ predictive ability was assessed with prediction accuracy (ACC; i.e. the correlation between predicted and observed values, divided by the square root of phenotype accuracy), standardized root-mean-squared error (RMSE*), and inflation factor (b). To account for potential bias in CV2-style predictions, we also computed a parametric estimate of accuracy (ACCpar). Predictive ability metrics varied according to trait, model, and validation design (CV1 or CV2), ranging from 0.71 to 0.84 for ACC, 0.78 to 0.92 for RMSE*, and between 0.82 and 1.34 for b. The highest ACC and smallest RMSE* were achieved with QMTSVR-CV2 in both traits. We observed that for CT1, model/validation design selection was sensitive to the choice of accuracy metric (ACC or ACCpar). Nonetheless, the higher predictive accuracy of QMTSVR over MTGBLUP and MTBC was replicated across accuracy metrics, besides the similar performance between the proposed method and the MTRKHS model. Results showed that the proposed approach is competitive with conventional MT Bayesian regression models using either Gaussian or spike–slab multivariate priors.
Variation in floral form of CRISPR knock-outs of the poplar homologs of LEAFY and AGAMOUS after FT heat-induced early flowering
Authors: Klocko Amy L , Elorriaga Estefania , Ma Cathleen , Strauss Steven H
Published: June 2023

Plant migration and gene flow from genetically modified or exotic trees to nearby lands or by crossing with wild relatives is a major public and regulatory concern. Many genetic strategies exist to mitigate potential gene flow; however, the long delay in onset of flowering is a severe constraint to research progress. We used heat-induced FT overexpression to speed assessment of the expected floral phenotypes after CRISPR knockout of poplar homologs of the key floral genes, LEAFY and AGAMOUS. We selected events with previously characterized CRISPR-Cas9 induced biallelic changes then re-transformed them with the Arabidopsis thaliana FLOWERING LOCUS T (AtFT) gene under control of either a strong constitutive promoter or a heat-inducible promoter. We successfully obtained flowering in both a male and female clone of poplar, observing a wide range of inflorescence and floral forms among flowers, ramets, and insertion events. Overall, flowers obtained from the selected LFY and AG targeted events were consistent with what would be predicted for loss-of-function of these genes. LFY-targeted events showed small catkins with leaf-like organs, AG-targeted events had nested floral organs consistent with reduction in floral determinacy and absence of well-formed carpels or anthers. These findings demonstrate the great developmental plasticity of Populus flowers during genetically accelerated flowering, which may be of horticultural value. They also provide an informative early view of floral phenotypes and apparent sterility from knockouts of both these gene targets.
Map-based cloning and CRISPR/Cas9-based editing uncover BoNA1 as the causal gene for the no-anthocyanin-accumulation phenotype in curly kale (Brassica oleracea var. sabellica)
Authors: Yuan Kaiwen , Zhao Xinyu , Sun Wenru , Yang Limei , Zhang Yangyong , Wang Yong , Ji Jialei , Han Fengqing , Fang Zhiyuan , Lv Honghao
Published: June 2023

Brassica oleracea comprises several important vegetable and ornamental crops, including curly kale, ornamental kale, cabbage, broccoli, and others. The accumulation of anthocyanins, important secondary metabolites valuable to human health, in these plants varies widely and is responsible for their pink to dark purple colors. Some curly kale varieties lack anthocyanins, making these plants completely green. The genetic basis of this trait is still unknown. We crossed the curly kale inbred line BK2019 (without anthocyanins) with the cabbage inbred line YL1 (with anthocyanins) and the Chinese kale inbred line TO1000 (with anthocyanins) to generate segregating populations. The no-anthocyanin trait was genetically controlled by a recessive gene, bona1. We generated a linkage map and mapped bona1 to a 256-kb interval on C09. We identified one candidate gene, Bo9g058630, in the target genomic region; this gene is homologous to AT5G42800, which encodes a dihydroflavonol-4-reductase-like (DFR-like) protein in Arabidopsis. In BK2019, a 1-bp insertion was observed in the second exon of Bo9g058630 and directly produced a stop codon. To verify the candidate gene function, CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing technology was applied to knock out Bo9g058630. We generated three bona1 mutants, two of which were completely green with no anthocyanins, confirming that Bo9g058630 corresponds to BoNA1. Different insertion/deletion mutations in BoNA1 exons were found in all six of the other no-anthocyanin kale varieties examined, supporting that independent disruption of BoNA1 resulted in no-anthocyanin varieties of B. oleracea. This study improves the understanding of the regulation mechanism of anthocyanin accumulation in B. oleracea subspecies.
Bernstein’s Inequality and Holonomicity for Certain Singular Rings
Authors: Montaner Josep Àlvarez , Hernández Daniel J , Jeffries Jack , Núñez-Betancourt Luis , Teixeira Pedro , Witt Emily E
Published: June 2023

In this manuscript, we prove the Bernstein inequality and develop the theory of holonomic $D$-modules for rings of invariants of finite groups in characteristic zero, and for strongly $F$-regular finitely generated graded algebras with finite $F$-representation type in prime characteristic. In each of these cases, the ring itself, its localizations, and its local cohomology modules are holonomic. We also show that holonomic $D$-modules, in this context, have finite length, and we prove the existence of Bernstein–Sato polynomials in characteristic zero. We obtain these results using a more general version of Bernstein filtrations.
Performing Symmetry in Andean Weather Forecasting: The Practice of Cabañuelas, Beyond Divination and Suffering
Authors: Legoas P Jorge
Published: June 2023

This paper analyzes a practice known as Cabañuelas—an Indigenous way of anticipating the next year’s rainfall by interpreting a series of signs in the current year. The knowledge and gestures associated with this practice have traditionally been understood according to the classical division between pragmatic techniques and magic rituals, an approach that I set aside in favor of considering Cabañuelas as a hybrid practice involving multiple kinds of beings and agents. It can also be understood as part of a complex of practice together with the offerings to the earth in August, and in addition to the reading of the coca leaf and the molten lead—all of these being practices that share an observational, prospecting, and performative character. Based on this, I put forward the idea of empowered agents, challenging the view of suffering Andean actors hopelessly subjected to super/natural forces or idiosyncratic conditions they cannot control.
Effects of dietary zinc/copper ratios on the metabolism of zinc and copper in weaned pigs
Authors: Dalto Danyel Bueno , Audet Isabelle , Roy Caroline , Deschêne Karine , Villeneuve Geneviève , Matte J Jacques , Lapointe Jérôme
Published: June 2023

This study compared the effects of different dietary zinc/copper ratios on zinc (Zn) and copper (Cu) metabolism in weaned pigs. One hundred and sixty piglets (7.81 ± 0.25 kg; 21 d of age) were used in a completely randomized 2 × 2 factorial design composed with high (H) and low (L) levels of added dietary Zn (100 and 3,000 mg/kg) and dietary Cu (6 and 130 mg/kg). Piglets were slaughtered at 21, 28, 35, and 42 d of age for blood and tissues collection. Serum, jejunum mucosa, liver, and kidney concentrations of Zn and Cu were analyzed as well as tissues mRNA abundance of genes related to their metabolism. Serum and liver Zn concentrations increased at days 28, 35, and 42 in HZn groups compared to pre-treatment levels (day 21; P ≤ 0.01) but for LZn animals, values decreased at days 28, 35, and 42 in liver (P ≤ 0.01) but remained stable vs. day 21 levels in serum (P ≥ 0.37). Serum, jejunum mucosa, liver, and kidney Zn concentrations were greater in HZn groups from day 28 (P ≤ 0.01). In jejunum mucosa, the mRNA expression of ZIP4 was lower in HZn piglets at day 28 (P ≤ 0.01) and at day 42 whereas HCu supplementation increased ZIP4 expression in LZn but not in HZn diets (P = 0.05). For ZNT1, MT3, and MT1, values of relative mRNA expression were greater for HZn animals in jejunum mucosa, liver, and kidney (P ≤ 0.01) from day 28. In kidney (P < 0.01) at day 42, HZn supplementation increased MTs expression in both LCu or HCu groups. Serum and liver Cu concentrations decreased at days 35 and 42 in all treatments compared to day 21 (P ≤ 0.04), except LZnHCu in liver that was not different from day 21 (P ≥ 0.17). Serum Cu concentrations were lower in HZn and greater in HCu groups at days 35 and 42 (P ≤ 0.01) whereas hepatic Cu was reduced by HZn diets in both LCu and HCu groups at days 35 and 42 (P ≤ 0.01). Jejunum Cu concentrations were increased by HCu diets in HZn but not in LZn groups at days 28 and 42 (P ≤ 0.04). Renal Cu concentrations were greater in HZn groups at day 28 (P < 0.01) whereas at day 42 HZn diets increased Cu values in both LCu and HCu groups (P ≤ 0.01). The expression of ATP7A in kidney at day 42 was greater for HZn groups (P = 0.02). In conclusion, high dietary Zn levels were not efficiently regulated by homeostatic mechanisms and significantly impaired Cu homeostasis. Low dietary Zn/Cu ratios allow a more efficient regulation of the metabolism of these trace minerals in post-weaning piglets. The current official recommendations for Zn and Cu to post-weaning piglets apparently do not fulfill their requirements.
Structural insights into a bacterial β-glucosidase capable of degrading sesaminol triglucoside to produce sesaminol: toward the understanding of the aglycone recognition mechanism by the C-terminal lid domain
Authors: Yanai Taro , Takahashi Yukino , Katsumura Eri , Sakai Naoki , Takeshita Kohei , Imaizumi Riki , Matsuura Hiroaki , Hongo Shuntaro , Waki Toshiyuki , Takahashi Seiji , Yamamoto Masaki , Kataoka Kunishige , Nakayama Toru , Yamashita Satoshi
Published: June 2023

The sesaminol triglucoside (STG)-hydrolyzing β-glucosidase from Paenibacillus sp. (PSTG1), which belongs to glycoside hydrolase family 3 (GH3), is a promising catalyst for the industrial production of sesaminol. We determined the X-ray crystal structure of PSTG1 with bound glycerol molecule in the putative active site. PSTG1 monomer contained typical three domains of GH3 with the active site in domain 1 (TIM barrel). In addition, PSTG1 contained an additional domain (domain 4) at the C-terminus that interacts with the active site of the other protomer as a lid in the dimer unit. Interestingly, the interface of domain 4 and the active site forms a hydrophobic cavity probably for recognizing the hydrophobic aglycone moiety of substrate. The short flexible loop region of TIM barrel was found to be approaching the interface of domain 4 and the active site. We found that n-heptyl-β-D-thioglucopyranoside detergent acts as an inhibitor for PSTG1. Thus, we propose that the recognition of hydrophobic aglycone moiety is important for PSTG1-catalyzed reactions. Domain 4 might be a potential target for elucidating the aglycone recognition mechanism of PSTG1 as well as for engineering PSTG1 to create a further excellent enzyme to degrade STG more efficiently to produce sesaminol.
Managing collapsed boundaries in global work
Authors: Sivunen Anu , Gibbs Jennifer L , Leppäkumpu Jonna
Published: June 2023

Global workers have long contended with the challenges of working across geographical, temporal, and cultural boundaries enabled by communication technologies. However, the global work research has rarely intersected with the literature on work–home boundary management—which has been brought to the forefront due to the forced move to remote work during the Covid-19 pandemic. Drawing on a qualitative field study of 55 in-depth interviews with global workers from a large organization headquartered in the Nordics, we found that global workers drew on sociomaterial affordances to manage both global work and work–home boundaries through strategies of boundary support and boundary collapse. Although the shift to remote work created challenges due to boundary collapse, it presented new spatiotemporal affordances that led to unexpected benefits for both global work and work–life boundary management. The findings have implications for global work, remote work, and the future of work more broadly.
Positioning in a collaboration network and performance in competitions: a case study of Kaggle
Authors: Twyman Marlon , Murić Goran , Zheng Weiwei
Published: June 2023

Online innovation competitions are ecosystems where institutions source numerous solutions from knowledge workers through a platform intermediary. By considering how an individual competitor’s performance varies based on their social positioning in a competition ecosystem’s collaboration network, we illustrate the value of social networks for individual outcomes in online competitions. The study reports results from Kaggle, a popular online competition platform for data science, where a sample of 350,956 users participated in 2,789 competitions over 4 years. We investigate how the number of collaborations, membership in the largest connected component in the network, and diversity of collaboration experiences impact the points and medals earned and how quickly competitors earn their first medal. Results show that positioning has a positive relationship with performance in competitive ecosystems. Relevant to the future of work, the study considers how knowledge workers in future workplaces should manage their online collaborations.
Reducing the low-wavenumber dispersion error by building the Lagrange dual problem with a powerful local restriction
Authors: Peng Weiting , Huang Jianping , Shen Yi
Published: June 2023

The broadband finite-difference (FD) coefficients computed by a cost function have been widely applied to suppress of numerical dispersion. Under the same conditions, the FD coefficients with small low-wavenumber dispersion error will produce a more accurate numerical solution in the long-time seismic wave simulation. Thus, how to reduce the low-wavenumber dispersion error becomes a crucial problem. According to the research into the zero-point position at the dispersion curve for three types of cost function, we found that the more zero points concentrate on the low-wavenumber region, the less the dispersion error. Therefore, the concentration of zero points is a good way to reduce dispersion error, which can be implemented by modified wavenumbers of zero points. Then, we design a Lagrange dual problem with a restriction based on the modified wavenumbers. The requirements for constructing the Lagrange dual problem are the optimization function and restricted condition, where the former is based on the dispersion relation, and the latter comprises the modified wavenumbers. The solution of this optimization problem, calculated by the dual ascent method, affords a less low-wavenumber dispersion error than the solution yielded by the alternating direction method of multipliers (ADMM). The theoretical analysis and numerical modeling suggest that the proposed method is superior to the existing optimal FD coefficients in reducing numerical error accumulation in low-frequency simulation.
A computational approach for positive genetic identification and relatedness detection from low-coverage shotgun sequencing data
Authors: Nguyen Remy , Kapp Joshua D , Sacco Samuel , Myers Steven P , Green Richard E
Published: June 2023

Several methods exist for detecting genetic relatedness or identity by comparing DNA information. These methods generally require genotype calls, either single-nucleotide polymorphisms or short tandem repeats, at the sites used for comparison. For some DNA samples, like those obtained from bone fragments or single rootless hairs, there is often not enough DNA present to generate genotype calls that are accurate and complete enough for these comparisons. Here, we describe IBDGem, a fast and robust computational procedure for detecting genomic regions of identity-by-descent by comparing low-coverage shotgun sequence data against genotype calls from a known query individual. At less than 1× genome coverage, IBDGem reliably detects segments of relatedness and can make high-confidence identity detections with as little as 0.01× genome coverage.
Neutrophil responsiveness to IL-10 impairs clearance of Streptococcus pneumoniae from the lungs
Authors: Horn Kadi J , Fulte Sam , Yang Michael , Lorenz Brian P , Clark Sarah E
Published: June 2023

The early immune response to bacterial pneumonia requires a careful balance between pathogen clearance and tissue damage. The anti-inflammatory cytokine interleukin (IL)-10 is critical for restraining otherwise lethal pulmonary inflammation. However, pathogen-induced IL-10 is associated with bacterial persistence in the lungs. In this study, we used mice with myeloid cell specific deletion of IL-10R to investigate the cellular targets of IL-10 immune suppression during infection with Streptococcus pneumoniae, the most common bacterial cause of pneumonia. Our findings suggest that IL-10 restricts the neutrophil response to S. pneumoniae, as neutrophil recruitment to the lungs was elevated in myeloid IL-10 receptor (IL-10R)–deficient mice and neutrophils in the lungs of these mice were more effective at killing S. pneumoniae. Improved killing of S. pneumoniae was associated with increased production of reactive oxygen species and serine protease activity in IL-10R–deficient neutrophils. Similarly, IL-10 suppressed the ability of human neutrophils to kill S. pneumoniae. Burdens of S. pneumoniae were lower in myeloid IL-10R–deficient mice compared with wild-type mice, and adoptive transfer of IL-10R–deficient neutrophils into wild-type mice significantly improved pathogen clearance. Despite the potential for neutrophils to contribute to tissue damage, lung pathology scores were similar between genotypes. This contrasts with total IL-10 deficiency, which is associated with increased immunopathology during S. pneumoniae infection. Together, these findings identify neutrophils as a critical target of S. pneumoniae-induced immune suppression and highlight myeloid IL-10R abrogation as a mechanism to selectively reduce pathogen burdens without exacerbating pulmonary damage.
Sustainability Agreements and First Mover Disadvantages
Authors: Paha Johannes
Published: June 2023

This article presents a model where the managers of two firms decide about adopting a sustainable production technology (or product). It demonstrates under what conditions a firm experiences a first mover disadvantage from going green, which may potentially be overcome by a sustainability agreement serving as a device for equilibrium selection in a coordination game with multiple equilibria. If the technology adoption game is, however, a prisoner’s dilemma, the sustainability agreement must be structured like a hardcore cartel.
Recurrence of digital papillary invasive adenocarcinoma
Authors: Chaudhry Nadeem , Qureshi Abid , Shah Rutva , Razzaq Asad , Clopton Brittni J , Genato Romulo , Xiao Philip
Published: June 2023

Adenocarcinoma is extremely uncommon in the digits with an incidence of 0.08 per 1 000 000 people per year, known as digital papillary adenocarcinoma (DPA). This disease is commonly described pathologically as malignancy of the sweat glands. The fundamental histologic characteristics of DPA are the presence of papillary projections in cystic spaces in a multinodular tumor lined by epithelial cells. DPA are often delayed in diagnosis because of either misdiagnosis for benign lesions or underreporting, which can contribute to poor prognosis and metastasis. This report serves to present a case of recurrence observed in primary digital adenocarcinoma and to bring awareness to the topic as concrete management continues to develop.
Double free flaps for complex oromandibular defects with two teams of head and neck reconstructive surgical oncologists
Authors: Nguyen Khoi A
Published: June 2023

From December 2019 to July 2021, double free flaps were used by two teams of head-and-neck reconstructive surgical oncologists in 10 patients with large composite mandibulofacial defects following malignant tumor (n = 8) and osteoradionecrosis (n = 2) ablation. Our report included 10 patients. All of our patients were reconstructed by two free flaps, a combination of an anterolateral thigh flap (n = 8) or a radial forearm flap (n = 2) with an osteocutaneous fibula flap. The survival rate of these flaps was 100%. The mean operative time was 597 ± 41.7 min (range 545–660 min). There were no patients with major complications. Most of our patients had accepted functional and cosmetic results of both recipient site and donor site after a median follow-up of 22.5 months. Two teams of reconstructive surgical oncologists may shorten the operative time and reduce the rate of major complications.

Main Points:

Huge complex oromandibular defects may require the use of double free flap reconstruction. Double free flaps were used by two teams of head-and-neck reconstructive surgical oncologists. This approach may shorten the operative time and reduce the rate of major complications.
(038) Sexual Issues Due to Comorbidities in Individuals with Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder
Authors: Collins K , Bachmann G
Published: June 2023

Introduction

Fetal alcohol spectrum disorder (FASD) is used to describe the range of conditions associated with prenatal alcohol exposure. FASD is characterized by growth deficits, facial dysmorphia and central nervous system abnormalities. When an individual with an FASD remains undiagnosed and proper interventions are not instituted, secondary disabilities are common. Prenatal exposure to alcohol affects the individual’s development, cognition and learning, which results in characteristic ways of thinking and behaving. Deficits can range from mild cognitive deficits such as subtle effects on executive function, memory and adaptive behavior to profound intellectual disability and severe behavioral problems that result from poor self-regulation.

Objectives

To examine adverse life outcomes regarding sexual behavior in individuals with FASD.

Methods

A literature search was performed using keywords relating to Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder, FASD Development, FASD Cognition and FASD Sexual issues.

Results

Findings showed that one of the strongest correlates of adverse life outcomes including inappropriate sexual behaviors was lack of an early diagnosis. The longer FASD went undiagnosed, the greater the odds of adverse outcomes. One study that examined 415 subjects with FASD of ages ranging from six to fifty-one noted that inappropriate sexual behaviors was the most frequent adverse life outcome increasing with age. Inappropriate sexual behavior was defined by sentencing to a sexual offending treatment program or a persistent pattern of encounters with at least one of these sexual behaviors: obscene phone calls, sex with animals, voyeurism, incest, masturbation in public, compulsions, exposure, promiscuity, sexual advances, and sexual touching. It was concluded that symptoms of FASD may make it challenging to distinguish between inappropriate and appropriate sexual behaviors due to functional and cognitive deficits. For the same reasons, individuals with FASD do not generally improve after standard cognitive behavioral programming for addressing sexually inappropriate behaviors.

Conclusions

There has been very little empirical research on the role of FASD in inappropriate sexual behavior. In addition, environmental factors associated with prenatal alcohol exposure may play a role in the increased incidence of inappropriate sexual behaviors. One study that examined inappropriate sexual behaviors in individuals with FASD found that almost all the females in the study that exhibited these behaviors had also experienced physical, sexual abuse or violence against themselves. Additionally, half of them had alcohol or drug related issues. Further research into sexual issues related to FASD is required to confirm causality in findings so far.

Disclosure

No.
Spinal Cord Stimulation
Authors: Boggan James E.
Published: June 2023

Spinal Cord Stimulation: Percutaneous Implantation Techniques covers percutaneous applications and neuromodulation, which are primarily used for therapeutic effects on human behavior, function, and perception. Moreover, neuromodulation refers to the alteration of neuronal activity by chemical, electromagnetic, or optical stimulation. Physicians manage chronic pain through neuromodulation via electrical stimulation of the central and peripheral nervous systems. Using a minimally invasive, reversible, and non-addicting modality is proven to significantly reduce chronic pain, which often moderates autonomic dysfunction for appropriate patients. The book also addresses patient selection, stimulation targeting disease processes, training in managing chronic pain and neuromodulation techniques, and clinical decision-making.
The Development of Spinal Cord Stimulation
Authors: Kreis Paul G. , Hills Ammon A. , Fishman Scott M.
Published: June 2023

This chapter covers the development of spinal cord stimulation (SCS), which is known to be a well-established therapy for certain types of chronic pain. Moreover, SCS is a non-destructive and mostly reversible treatment since it does not change a patient’s anatomy. Unified resources for SCS remain limited as the information has been dispersed across the literature of numerous disciplines, such as pain medicine, anesthesiology, and neurosurgery. The chapter also discusses the gate theory of pain reduction, which suggests that pain is a complex neurologic and perceptual phenomenon to be modulated. It recognizes the broad categories of pain: nociceptive, neuropathic, and idiopathic.
Complications and Adverse Events
Authors: Singh Naileshni S. , Kreis Paul G. , Fishman Scott M.
Published: June 2023

This chapter tackles the complications and adverse effects recorded following surgery. As patients become increasingly informed and demand assurance for the best care possible, it is possible for patients to pick their provider based on comparative and public data on complication rates and post-operations. Future implanters are encouraged to be prepared regarding avoiding and managing complication when it occurs. To prevent harm to patients, advanced training and seasoned clinical judgment are needed to implant a spinal cord stimulator (SCS). The chapter lists anesthetic, surgical, and hardware complications as the complications linked with SCS. It recognizes wound dehiscence as one of the most dreaded complications of surgeons.
“A Person Is a Person Through Other Persons”
Authors: Di Nicola Vincenzo
Published: June 2023

A critical issue for the field is how to define contemporary social psychiatry for the present day. This chapter addresses this definitional task by breaking it down into three major questions for social psychiatry: (1) What is social about psychiatry? The chapter addresses definitional problems that arise, such as binary thinking, and the need for a common language. (2) What are the theory and practice of social psychiatry? Issues include social psychiatry’s core principles, values, and operational criteria; the social determinants of health and the Global Mental Health Movement; and the need for translational research. This part of the review establishes the minimal criteria for a coherent theory of social psychiatry and the view of persons that emerges from such a theory: the social self. (3) Why has the time come for a manifesto for social psychiatry? The author outlines the parameters for a theory of social psychiatry, based on both the social self and the social determinants of health, to offer an inclusive social definition of health, concluding with a call for action, a manifesto for 21st-century social psychiatry.
A Case Series of Ocular Syphilis Cases at Military Treatment Facility From 2020 to 2021
Authors: Kautz Michelle , Kerbow Christa , Lee Tida , Kronmann Karl C , Dore Michael
Published: June 2023

Syphilis is a sexually transmitted infection, caused by the spirochete Treponema pallidum, that can lead to multi-organ involvement. In 2020, over 138,000 cases were reported in the United States equating to a case report of 40.8 per 100,000 people. Ocular syphilis is a rare manifestation and is defined as the clinical presentation of ocular disease in a person with laboratory-confirmed syphilis infection of any stage, with estimated incidence of 0.6–2% of all cases. Syphilis is known as “The Great Imitator,” and can present as nearly any form of ocular disease, though the most common manifestations are posterior uveitis and panuveitis. The highly variable clinical presentation of ocular syphilis often leads to delayed diagnosis allowing the potential for poor, often preventable outcomes. This highlights the need for providers to have a high level of clinical suspicion and awareness of ocular manifestations of syphilis, especially in high risk populations. We present a case series of five patients diagnosed with ocular syphilis at a military treatment facility. Each patient had different presenting symptoms as well as different ocular manifestations.
Heterogeneous Paths of Industrialization
Authors: Huneeus Federico , Rogerson Richard
Published: June 2023

Industrialization experiences differ substantially across countries. We use a benchmark model of structural change to shed light on the sources of this heterogeneity and, in particular, the phenomenon of premature deindustrialization. Our analysis leads to three key findings. First, benchmark models of structural change robustly generate hump-shaped patterns for the evolution of the industrial sector. Second, heterogeneous patterns of catch-up in sectoral productivities across countries can generate variation in industrialization experiences similar to those found in the data, including premature deindustrialization. Third, differences in the rate of agricultural productivity growth across economies can account for the majority of the variation in peak industrial employment shares.
Harnessing venture capital in China
Authors: Xu Yan
Published: June 2023

This article studies the development and distinct features of China’s venture capital (VC) market, now the world’s second largest. I show that the Chinese state has creatively adapted its involvement in VC to harness it for industrial policy—by working with private investors to target startups in key sectors, rendering state activism and vibrant entrepreneurship mutually supportive. This adaptation and China’s embrace of transnational VC have created two varieties of VC with distinct investment patterns. Whereas return-driven VC, much raised overseas, has been active in backing platform companies, policy-guided VC has bet heavily on startups in prioritized sectors. This article challenges the view that vibrant VC and entrepreneurship are products of liberal market economies and the top-down portrayal of China’s political economy. It also adds to the understanding of state–market relations in China by illuminating the process of adaptation and reinvention and by studying China through an explicitly comparative lens.
Myopia and sleep in children—a systematic review
Authors: Liu Xiao Nicole , Naduvilath Thomas John , Sankaridurg Padmaja R
Published: June 2023

Worldwide, approximately one in three people are myopic or short-sighted. Myopia in children is of particular concern as younger onset age implies a higher risk of progression, and consequently greater risk of developing vision-threatening complications. The importance of sleep in children’s health has long been acknowledged, but evidence for its role in childhood myopia is fairly new and mixed results were presented across studies. To facilitate better understanding of this relationship, a broad literature search, up to and including October 31, 2022, was performed using three databases (PubMed, Embase, and Scopus). Seventeen studies were included in the review, covering four main aspects of sleep, namely duration, quality, timing, and efficiency, and their associations with myopia in children. The present literature review discussed these studies, revealed potential limitations in their methodologies, and identified gaps that need to be addressed in the future. The review also acknowledges that current evidence is insufficient, and the role of sleep in childhood myopia is far from being fully understood. Future studies that primarily, objectively, and accurately assess sleep and myopia, taking other characteristics of sleep beyond duration into consideration, with a more diverse sample in terms of age, ethnicity, and cultural/environmental background, and control for confounders such as light exposure and education load are much needed. Although more research is required, myopia management should be a holistic approach and the inclusion of sleep hygiene in myopia education targeting children and parents ought to be encouraged.
Artificial warming affects sugar signals and flavonoid accumulation to improve female willows’ growth faster than males
Authors: Fu Mingyue , Liao Jun , Liu Xuejiao , Li Menghan , Zhang Sheng
Published: June 2023

Increasing global warming is severely affecting tree growth and development. However, research on the sex-specific responses of dioecious trees to warming is scarce. Here, male and female Salix paraplesia were selected for artificial warming (an increase of 4 °C relative to ambient temperature) to investigate the effects on morphological, physiological, biochemical and molecular responses. The results showed that warming significantly promoted the growth of female and male S. paraplesia, but females grew faster than males. Warming affected photosynthesis, chloroplast structures, peroxidase activity, proline, flavonoids, nonstructural carbohydrates (NSCs) and phenolic contents in both sexes. Interestingly, warming increased flavonoid accumulation in female roots and male leaves but inhibited it in female leaves and male roots. The transcriptome and proteome results indicated that differentially expressed genes and proteins were significantly enriched in sucrose and starch metabolism and flavonoid biosynthesis pathways. The integrative analysis of transcriptomic, proteomic, biochemical and physiological data revealed that warming changed the expression of SpAMY, SpBGL, SpEGLC and SpAGPase genes, resulting in the reduction of NSCs and starch and the activation of sugar signaling, particularly SpSnRK1s, in female roots and male leaves. These sugar signals subsequently altered the expression of SpHCTs, SpLAR and SpDFR in the flavonoid biosynthetic pathway, ultimately leading to the differential accumulation of flavonoids in female and male S. paraplesia. Therefore, warming causes sexually differential responses of S. paraplesia, with females performing better than males.
Analysis of rail–bridge interaction of a high-speed railway suspension bridge under near-fault pulse-type earthquakes
Authors: Yu Xiangdong , Jiang Bangzheng , Jing Haiquan
Published: June 2023

Due to the limitations of railway route selection, some high-speed railways are inevitably built near or across fault zones. To study the distribution of rail–bridge interaction under different load history states of suspension bridges under three types of near-fault pulse-type earthquakes, this paper takes China's longest high-speed railway suspension bridge—Wufengshan Yangtze River Bridge—as the background and establishes a spatial model of the rail–bridge interaction of a suspension bridge. The results show that: under the constant load state, the distribution of additional force under three types of pulse-type earthquakes is generally consistent, and pulse-type earthquakes produce more significant responses than non-pulse-type earthquakes; with fling-step pulse being the largest, it is advised to specifically consider the influence of the fling-step pulse in the calculation. Under the initial condition of the main beam temperature loading history, all rail-bridge additional forces increase significantly, particularly affecting the steel rail system. The value of the rail–bridge interaction additional force under the near-fault earthquake in the initial state of the suspension bridge when the train deflection load is loaded from the tower to the mid-span is more significant and particularly unfavourable. The initial effect of the braking load will weaken the effect of the deflection load loading history. The results of the study indicate that the effect of the initial state of suspension bridges is an important factor influencing the rail–bridge interaction under near-fault pulse-type earthquakes, which needs to be considered in future seismic design.
Evolutionary changes in the number of dissociable amino acids on spike proteins and nucleoproteins of SARS-CoV-2 variants
Authors: Božič Anže , Podgornik Rudolf
Published: June 2023

The spike protein of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is responsible for target recognition, cellular entry, and endosomal escape of the virus. At the same time, it is the part of the virus that exhibits the greatest sequence variation across the many variants which have emerged during its evolution. Recent studies have indicated that with progressive lineage emergence, the positive charge on the spike protein has been increasing, with certain positively charged amino acids (AAs) improving the binding of the spike protein to cell receptors. We have performed a detailed analysis of dissociable AAs of more than 1400 different SARS-CoV-2 lineages, which confirms these observations while suggesting that this progression has reached a plateau with Omicron and its subvariants and that the positive charge is not increasing further. Analysis of the nucleocapsid protein shows no similar increase in positive charge with novel variants, which further indicates that positive charge of the spike protein is being evolutionarily selected for. Furthermore, comparison with the spike proteins of known coronaviruses shows that already the wild-type SARS-CoV-2 spike protein carries an unusually large amount of positively charged AAs when compared to most other betacoronaviruses. Our study sheds light on the evolutionary changes in the number of dissociable AAs on the spike protein of SARS-CoV-2, complementing existing studies and providing a stepping stone towards a better understanding of the relationship between the spike protein charge and viral infectivity and transmissibility.
XIThe Eighteenth Century
Authors: Turner Joseph , Milne Fiona , Carver Dylan , Bender Ashley
Published: June 2023

This chapter has four sections: 1. General and Prose; 2. The Novel; 3. Poetry; 4. Drama. Section 1 is by Joseph Turner; section 2 is by Fiona Milne; section 3 is by Dylan Carver; section 4 is by Ashley Bender.
Do mismatched genitalia promote mechanical isolation in syntopic species of Phalloceros fishes (Poeciliidae)?
Authors: Jennings W Bryan , Souto-Santos Igor C A , Buckup Paulo A , Zandonà Eugenia
Published: June 2023

The elucidation of mechanisms responsible for the reproductive isolation of species is a fundamental part of speciation research. South American poeciliid fishes in the genus Phalloceros represent a promising system in which to study the evolution of reproductive barriers between closely related species. Phalloceros are often found in sympatry with non-sister congeners, and most such species pairs have morphologically divergent female and male genitalia. In recent studies, it has been hypothesized that mismatched genitalia between co-occurring Phalloceros species might act as mechanical barriers to prevent hybridization and might help to explain the diversification of this group. However, this idea has not yet been evaluated empirically with genetic data. Here, we tested this hypothesis using morphological data in conjunction with mitochondrial and nuclear DNA sequence data. Our study focused on Phalloceros anisophallos and Phalloceros leptokeras, two non-sister species that have mismatched genitalia and that occur together in at least four rivers in south-eastern Brazil. Despite the prevalence of hybridization between closely related non-sister species of animals, especially fish, our phylogenetically-based results detected no evidence of mitonuclear discordance and (hence historical hybridization) between the two focal species. Our findings are therefore consistent with the hypothesis that mismatched genitalia prevent hybridization between sympatric species of Phalloceros fishes.