bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Case Management Outcomes for Drug-Involved Offenders
Authors: MARTIN STEVEN S. , INCIARDI JAMES A.
Published: June 2008

An assertive community treatment (ACT) program was established in the Delaware correctional system in 1990, designed to ease the transition of drug-involved prison releasees into the community by providing both treatment and case management services. Studies to date, however, have found few direct outcome improvements for ACT clients. This article uses panel data collected from a sample of 300 drug-involved Delaware prison releasees, randomly assigned to either the ACT program or to regular probation/work release supervision. A multivariate path model predicts frequency of illegal drug use 18 months after release from prison. Analyses find no direct effects of the ACT program, but suggest indirect effects of ACT assignment on subsequent illegal drug use through intermediate outcomes. By looking at proximate outcomes of the ACT program in the context of other variables, this model suggests areas where case management with seriously drug-involved offenders can be most effective.
The Supervision and Treatment of Offenders on Probation: Understanding Rural and Urban Differences
Authors: ELLSWORTH THOMAS , WEISHEIT RALPH A.
Published: June 2008

This article presents an analysis of intake survey data from 3,698 adult offenders placed on probation in a midwestern state. The data describe differences between urban and rural adult probation admissions. Included in the analysis and discussion is the identification of drug use and abuse and the ability of probation systems in the state to provide adequate screening and treatment. Other demographic and offense characteristics aid in profiling rural probation offenders, including similarities and differences with their urban counterparts.
Public Support for Correctional Treatment: The Continuing Appeal of the Rehabilitative Ideal
Authors: APPLEGATE BRANDON K. , CULLEN FRANCIS T. , FISHER BONNIE S.
Published: June 2008

For three decades, American correctional policy has focused on “getting tough” with offenders, and recent innovations continue this trend. It is unclear, however, that the public desires such a singularly punitive approach to crime. This study reports results from a statewide, contemporary assessment of citizens' attitudes toward rehabilitation. The results indicate that the public still believes that rehabilitation should be an integral part of correctional policy. Furthermore, support for a treatment approach is fairly consistent across demographic groups and across different types of questions used to tap citizens' views. The policy implications of these findings are discussed.
Moderating Probation and Parole Officer Attitudes to Achieve Desired Outcomes
Authors: FULTON BETSY , STICHMAN AMY , TRAVIS LAWRENCE , LATESSA EDWARD
Published: June 2008

Much has been written about officer role orientations in probation and parole and about principles of effective correctional intervention, but little research adequately reflects the importance of linking these two discussions. The present study on officer attitudes provides a first step toward making this link. An officer attitude survey was conducted with both regular and intensive supervision officers at two different program sites. Each site recently implemented a prototypical model of intensive supervision that encourages a balanced approach to supervision and is based on principles of effective correctional intervention. Prior to implementation, the intensive supervision officers at each site participated in comprehensive training and development activities. The primary purpose of this research was to learn the extent to which attitudes of the intensive supervision officers differ from those of regular supervision officers—who did not participate in the training and development activities—in terms of their focus and style of supervision. The results suggest that a comprehensive approach to training and development can effectively instill in officers the supervision attitudes that are most conducive to promoting offender change.
Recidivism of Offenders Released from Prison in North Carolina: A Gender Comparison
Authors: JONES MARK , SIMS BARBARA
Published: June 2008

Using official data, the authors compare rearrest statistics of males and females released from prison in North Carolina between July 1, 1992, and June 30, 1993. The releasees were tracked for recidivism, which was defined as fingerprinted rearrest, through January 1996. A greater percentage of males than females was rearrested in all offense categories. Logistic regression models were conducted to analyze predictors of rearrest for males and females. A number of independent variables were associated with males faring worse than females in terms of rearrest, but a number of independent variables were associated with women faring worse than men. The results are presented and discussed.
Understanding Incarcerated Girls: The Results of a Focus Group Study
Authors: BELKNAP JOANNE , HOLSINGER KRISTI , DUNN MELISSA
Published: June 2008

Until recent years, the causes of female offending and the experiences of incarcerated females have been largely ignored. Female offenders are being incarcerated at unprecedented rates, and there has been considerable attention given to the “new” violent female delinquent. In an effort to better understand delinquent girls' experiences before and during institutionalization, focus groups were conducted across the state of Ohio in 1996 with institutionalized delinquent girls and the professionals who work with them. The findings from these focus groups point out some serious problems among many of these girls before and while they are incarcerated. Policy implications are discussed in terms of the findings from the qualitative data garnered from 11 focus groups, which included 48 delinquent girls and 42 professionals who deal with delinquent girls.
A Review and Analysis of Prison Litigation Reform Act Court Decisions: Solution or Aggravation?
Authors: BENNETT KATHERINE , DEL CARMEN ROLANDO V.
Published: June 2008

On April 26, 1996, Congress enacted landmark legislation aimed at curtailing meritless inmate litigation and restricting remedies for prison condition lawsuits. This legislation, the Prison Litigation Reform Act (PLRA), is briefly summarized in this article. Five areas of constitutional challenges to the PLRA at the appellate and district court level are reviewed. Eleven legal issues raised by the PLRA are inconsistent decisions among circuit and district courts, particularly in the areas of separation of powers and due process violations.
Effects of Case Management on Drug Users' Risky Sex
Authors: LONGSHORE DOUGLAS , TURNER SUSAN , ANGLIN M. DOUGLAS
Published: June 2008

Case management for crime-involved drug users is designed mainly to reduce further drug use and crime but may also promote reductions in HIV risk behavior. In a five-site evaluation, the authors examined the effects of a case-management protocol known as Treatment Alternatives to Street Crime (TASC) on drug users' frequency of unprotected sex and frequency of sex while high on drugs and/or alcohol. At one site, case management had a favorable effect on the frequency of unprotected sex. At four sites, case management had a favorable effect on the frequency of sex while high. These effects were moderated by users' baseline level of risk behavior or history of related problem behaviors (drug use and criminal conduct). Implications for case management and drug use treatment are discussed.
Measuring Alcohol Abuse and the Incidence of Serious Misconduct in Violent Offenders
Authors: MILLS JEREMY F. , KRONER DARYL G. , WEEKES JOHN R.
Published: June 2008

This study investigated the relationship of a self-report measure of alcohol abuse (Alcohol Dependence Scale [ADS]) and subsequent serious institutional infractions. A correctional sample of 207 violent offenders participated in the study. Results showed a difference in the total number of infractions among levels of alcohol dependence. Specifically, offenders with substantial alcohol dependence, which has been shown to be indicative of polysubstance abuse, were involved in more serious incidents than those with other levels of dependence. However, there was no direct correlation between the ADS total score and the outcome variables. Implications for institutional classification and prediction of misconduct are discussed.
Applying an Evaluability Assessment Tool to Community-Based Programs in Pittsburgh
Authors: PIQUERO ALEX
Published: June 2008

In the city of Pittsburgh, in 1994, of the approximately 53% of the 2,916 delinquency cases disposed by the juvenile court, about 70% involved African American Youth. This disproportionality is magnified by the time youths reach the correctional system, and recent efforts to address the problem have stressed the need to intervene before offenders initially enter the system. The purpose of this article is threefold. First, it attempts to provide some insight into three community-based prevention programs that were funded by the Pennsylvania Commission on Crime and Delinquency to address the problem of minority overrepresentation. Second, it discusses the obstacles associated with evaluating the programs and provides recommendations for overcoming them. Finally, it describes a tool that was used in early process evaluations for the three programs using experiences in those programs as case studies illustrating the hazards of conducting outcome studies in any setting in the absence of preliminary evaluability assessments and process evaluations.
The Political Community Model and Prisoner Litigation: Can We Afford Not to Try a Better Way?
Authors: BELBOT BARBARA A. , MARQUART JAMES W.
Published: June 2008

Prisoners file large numbers of civil rights lawsuits, although their success rate is low and recent court rulings have narrowed the scope of judicial intervention. The political community model for an effective, efficient, stable, and flexible community is a valuable tool for understanding inmate litigation. This study examines classification litigation through a national survey of state attorneys. Survey results are analyzed using the political community perspective to gain new insights into why prisoners litigate so often, why they challenge certain issues, and why they continue to litigate after several decades of penal reform.
The Hillsborough County, Florida, Juvenile Assessment Center: A Prototype
Authors: RIVERS JAMES E. , DEMBO RICHARD , ANWYL ROBERT S.
Published: June 2008

Juvenile Assessment Centers (JACs) or community assessment centers are essentially screening and classification programs that assess the nature and extent of risks to and from arrested juveniles. This article presents a brief account of the Hillsborough County (Tampa, Florida) JAC, a model for JACs that is currently being implemented throughout Florida and is suggested as a prototype for communities throughout the nation. Identifying, assessing, referring, and ensuring that services for juveniles are delivered and received is extremely important given current levels and recent increases in both violent crime and drug use among U.S. youth.
The Symbolic Ownership of the Corrections “Problem”: A Framework for Understanding the Development of Corrections Policy in the United States
Authors: PRATT TRAVIS C. , MAAHS JEFFREY , STEHR STEVEN D.
Published: June 2008

This article argues that the use of the concept of “problem ownership” is an important and overlooked tool for examining the historical changes and current transformations taking place in the corrections policy arena. Problem ownership refers to the ability of policy stakeholders to define the nature, scope, and boundaries of a policy problem and, as a consequence, to shape the laws and administrative rules in their policy domain. This article uses the concept of problem ownership as an analytical framework for (a) explaining the nature of historical changes in corrections policy and (b) predicting the future direction of corrections policy in the near term.
Behavioral Analysis
Authors: Kanfer Frederick H. , Grimm Laurence G.
Published: June 2008

This paper proposes a differentiation of controlling variables and behavior deficiencies into categories that can be matched with available intervention strategies. Five categories are suggested to organize client complaints commonly encountered in the interview: (1) behavior deficiencies, (2) behavioral excesses, (3) inappropriate environmental stimulus control, (4) inappropriate self-generated stimulus control, and (5) problematic reinforcement contingencies. This schema is not intended as a definitive system for problem classification but as a contribution toward the development of guidelines for identification of target behaviors and suitable intervention techniques.
Noncompliant Children
Authors: Forehand Rex , King H. Elizabeth
Published: June 2008

The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of parent behavioral training on child noncompliant behavior and on parent behavior and attitude change. Eleven children, who had been referred for treatment of noncompliance, and their mothers served as subjects. A short-term laboratory behavioral training program was used to produce significant changes in both parental and child behaviors when assessed in the laboratory setting. These changes were maintained at a three-month follow-up. In addition, after treatment and at the three-month follow-up, the children were perceived by their mothers as being better adjusted than prior to treatment. Comparison of the treatment group to a nonclinic "normal" sample suggested that the behavioral training produced parent perceptions regarding their children's adjustment that did not differ significantly from those that the parents of the nonclinic sample had toward their children.
Treatment of Severe Perceptual-Motor Disorders in Children Diagnosed as Learning Disabled
Authors: Lahey Benjamin B. , Busemeyer Mary Kay , O'Hara Christiane , Beggs Vicki E.
Published: June 2008

This study evaluates a procedure using positive reinforcement in the remediation of severe perceptual-motor disorders in the handwriting of four earning disabled boys. In Experiment 1, two of the students were asked to copy five words, five geometric figures, and their first name five times during each session. Following baseline in a multiple baseline design across subjects, token reinforcement was made contingent on correct responses (that contained no errors of orientation, sequence, or legibility), and corrective feedback was given following incorrect responses. Probe sessions during which the children copied different words and figures were interspersed three times during baseline and three times during treatment to assess the degree of generalization to new stimuli. Reinforcement and corrective feedback were not given during these sessions. When reinforcement and corrective feedback were introduced, substantial increases in the frequency of correct printings were found during both the treatment and probe sessions for both children. In Experiment 2, similar results were found for two learning disabled boys using a reversal design in one case and a multiple baseline across responses design in the other. A substantial degree of generalization to handwriting in the classroom was found for one student, but weaker evidence for generalization was found for the other.
Committee Assignments in a Nascent Party System: The Case of the Turkish Grand National Assembly
Authors: Ciftci Sabri , Forrest Walter , Tekin Yusuf
Published: June 2008

In the USA, scholars have developed theories to explain the role of legislative committees, but these theories have not been widely tested outside the USA. This ambivalence results from the perception that the strength of political parties in parliamentary systems undermines the importance of other legislative institutions, including the committees. We surveyed members of the Turkish parliament during a period of considerable party-system turmoil to test the applicability of the prominent theories of committee organization (the distributive, informational, and partisan theories) to a parliamentary system. We found strong support for the distributive and partial support for the informational specialization and partisan theories. We consider the implications of these results for our understanding of the role of committees in parliamentary democracies and the study of parliamentary politics.
Content Analysis of Science Performance Indicators in Alternate Assessment
Authors: Spooner Fred , Ahlgrim-Delzell Lynn , Kohprasert Kingsorn , Baker Joshua , Courtade Ginevra
Published: June 2008

Under the requirement of both the Individuals With Disabilities Education Act (1997) and No Child Left Behind (NCLB; 2002), states are required to provide alternate assessment for students who cannot participate in general curriculum and statewide assessments. According to NCLB, states are required to report the progress of all students in science in the 2007—2008 school year. Due to a lack of research on how to teach science for students with significant cognitive disabilities, states find themselves in a difficult position. The intent of this study was to examine the number of states that included performance indicators (PIs) for science in their alternate assessments. We also investigated how states generate their science PIs linked to the academic areas of the national standards set by the National Science Education Standards (NSES) and how to access these indicators to general curriculum for teaching science to students with significant cognitive disabilities. These findings are discussed with recommendations on how to access these indicators to general curriculum for teaching science to students with significant cognitive disabilities.
Supplemental Educational Services
Authors: Ysseldyke Jim , Lehr Camilla A. , Bulygo Anne Stodolka
Published: June 2008

The Supplemental Educational Services (SES) provision of the No Child Left Behind Act of 2001 creates an opportunity for eligible students to receive free effective academic support services outside of the regular school day. The SES provision is relatively new and little information is currently known about the efficacy of such services. The authors conducted three substudies to determine the current nature and range of supplemental services being provided to students with disabilities. Overall, four themes emerged from the studies: (a) states are implementing SES similarly across the nation, (b) states are struggling with a variety of challenges to implement services, (c) students with disabilities typically are missing from current tracking procedures and service provision requirements, and (d) states are working hard to meet the new law's requirements. It is concluded that students with disabilities for the most part are out of sight and out of mind in current SES provision. Implications for research and practice are specified.
Sexuality, Domesticity, and Citizenship in the Chinese Media
Authors: Wanning Sun
Published: June 2008

The widespread phenomenon of outsourcing domestic work has profoundly altered the household life styles of urban families and reworked the division of labor at home. However, the extent to which urban consumers depend on the labor and service provided by the rural migrant women is by no means indicative of the degree of “harmony” and civility between the two groups. While the Chinese news media, with its urban and middle-class clientele base, see little chance of selling pictures or headlines featuring the everyday struggles of disenfranchised social groups such as rural migrant women who are employed as domestic workers, they have exercised unprecedented freedom in publishing stories about criminality and sexuality. With the figure of the maid becoming increasingly ubiquitous in urban households, urban consumers of paid domestic work also get a regular dose of “maid stories” in their everyday media consumption. Combining ethnography with detailed media analyses, this article examines the range of gendered positions and modes of sexual subjectivity which have been articulated in these stories. It shows that in a number ways the emergence of a new sexual sensibility for urban, middle-class men is contingent on the exclusion of subject positions for, and the derogation of, the “other” woman—the “intimate stranger” at home.
Gay Sexuality in Singaporean Chinese Popular Culture
Authors: Chan Kenneth
Published: June 2008

In offering a selective survey of gay sexuality in Singaporean Chinese popular culture, particularly television, film, and theater, this article examines how the notion of the liminal functions as an effective critical trope to engage with a shifting presence/absence materiality of gayness in these representations. It also argues that this presence/absence is a consequence of the concentrically circular hierarchy of cultural production and consumption created by the Singapore media censorship model. The contradictions embedded in censorship practices and gay cultural representations ultimately emerge out of Singapore's desire to present itself as a culturally open and vibrant society in its bid to be part of the global capitalist network, while the country continues to hold onto its archaic antisodomy laws inherited from the British Indian Penal Code.
Deforming Arthropathy of the Hands in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus is Associated with Antibodies to SSA/Ro and to SSB/La
Authors: Franceschini Franco , Cretti Lucia , Quinzanini Marzia , Lodi Rizzini Fabio , Cattaneo Roberto
Published: June 2008

Thirteen patients with systemic lupus erythematosus and deforming arthropathy (DA) of the hands were compared with 111 patients with SLE without deforming arthropathy. Clinical features were comparable in the two groups. Patients fulfilling criteria for mixed connective tissue disease (MCTD) were not included in the present study. A higher prevalence of antibodies to SSA/Ro (P < 0.0125) and SSB/La (P < 0.004) were found in the SLE-DA group. The detection of antibodies to SSA/Ro and SSB/La was even more strictly associated with DA in SLE antibodies to SSA/Ro alone (P < 0.002). Regarding the fine specificity of anti-SSA/Ro, a prevalent response to the 52 kD protein of the Ro antigen was found. We conclude that patients with SLE developing deformities of the hands belong to a subset of patients with circulating antibodies to SSA/Ro, particularly to the 52 kD component, and to SSB/La.
Developing a practical guide to assess the potential health impact of urban regeneration schemes
Authors: Cave Ben , Curtis Sarah
Published: June 2008

We report here on the development of a practical guide for health impact assessment (HIA) of urban regeneration schemes which sets out an approach to rapid prospective HIA. We provide a succinct account of our approach, illustrated by two case studies in East London, and discuss how the process of HIA must be adapted to different types of regeneration projects. The case studies are described in more detail in Cave and Curtis (2001). In this paper we focus on how the HIA process was adapted to suit different types of regeneration programmes.
A decision-making model for health promotion advocacy: the case for advocacy of drunk driving control measures
Authors: Maycock Bruce , Howat Peter , Slevin Terry
Published: June 2008

This paper presents a decision-making model which can help public health professionals justify their decision to advocate for a particular intervention. The model is demonstrated by a case study related to advocacy of Random Breath Testing (RBT). For the purpose of this paper advocacy is a "catch-all word for the set of skills used to create a shift in public opinion and mobilise the necessary resources and forces to support an issue, policy, or constituency..." (Wallack, Dorfman, Jernigan & Themba, 1994).
Health at work in the NHS feature
Authors: Greenoak Jane , Arnold David , Huntley Jane , McGuire Christine
Published: June 2008

Almost 20 million people are in paid employment in England today1, spending up to 60 per cent of their waking hours in their places of work, many for 40 years or more. Workplaces are, therefore, a major influence on health and provide an invaluable setting for health promotion.
Young people and sex/HIV education : the debate continues
Authors: Grunseit Anne
Published: June 2008

«The legal age of consent for heterosexual sex is 16 years. Large numbers of young people at school are sexually active. Indicators. such as sexually transmitted diseases, show that in spite of education programmes a large proportion of sexasally active young people are practising unsafe sex. Access to anonymous sources of condoms such as vending machines would encourage and enable safe sex practices amongst youth». (The Courage of our Convictions, p. 101).
Towards a sustainable Europe: Helsinki charter on environment and health
Authors: Isaksson Per-Erik
Published: June 2008

The IUHPE was invited to attend the Second European Conference on Environment and Health, arranged by WHO, and was represented by D' Per-Erik Isaksson, member of the Board of Trustees and Executive Director of Folkhälsan, a nongovernmental social- and health organization in Finland.
The School Environment and Health
Authors: Williams James H.
Published: June 2008

« Education International is a confederation of over 250 education employee unions from 141 countries, representing nearly 23 million teachers and other education personnel*. Effectively addressing the issues of health in the community at large, through the school, is one of EI's concerns ... ».
A School Fight against AIDS in the Caribbean
Authors: McBean George
Published: June 2008

The English-speaking Caribbean consists of some fifteen countries, with a population of just over 6 million. The countries including Suriname are united under CARICOM, (the Caribbean Economic Community) and share a common education system. The area is characterised by low infant mortality rates (averaging less than 20/1000 live births) and high literacy rates (above 85% for many years)*.
Une transition des rôles et des mandats des professionnels de la santé publique
Authors: Renaud Lise , Sacks-Silver Gloria
Published: June 2008

En faisant le consensus sur un nouveau paradigme d'intervention qui intègre toutes les dimensions de l'environnement physique, politique et économique pouvant avoir un impact sur la santé, la Charte d'Ottawa, le Plan d'ensemble pour la promotion de la santé, la Politique de la Santé et du Bien-être proposent aux professionnels de la santé publique un élargissement majeur de leurs rôles et de leurs mandats. D'éducateurs sanitaires qu'ils étaient, on leur demande maintenant d'orienter leur action de façon à soutenir la création de milieux favorables, le renforcement de l'action communautaire, la réorientation des services de santé et l'élaboration d'une politique publique saine, tout en continuant à favoriser l'acquisition d'aptitudes individuelles. Le présent article discute de cette transition des rôles et mandats des professionnels de la santé.
The University and the Health of Children
Authors: Deutsch Charles
Published: June 2008

"It is the argument of this article that those responsible for the health and well-being of children need to muster the political will, and mount an effective social strategy, to forge different kinds of partnerships with allies in higher education."
Conditions for Health: the Toronto Healthy City Model
Authors: Perkins Frances , Shields Meg
Published: June 2008

"Governance initially developed at the city level, and as a horizontal coordination between multiple social agents, at its best is democratic, participatory and accountable to the stakeholders. The Healthy City approach is a model in bringing together different stakeholders and increasing participation in decision making. And only those cities that have understood this to be at the essence of the healthy city project have truly succeeded."1
Time to Make the Case
Authors: Boddy David
Published: June 2008

At the XVIth World Conference on Health Promotion and Health Education in San Juan, Puerto Rico, 21-26 June 1998, two IUHPE Global Network Development Sessions (GND) will be devoted to working on the issues of advocacy for health and health promotion. This paper has been developed as a contribution to stimulate thought and discussion.
New horizons in health- from vision to practice
Authors: Hagard Spencer
Published: June 2008

This title raises three key questions. First, what may be the new horizons in health? Second, do we share a common vision of health? And third, what practices are most needed to make realities of our vision?
Health as a fundamental right for all children
Authors: Newman-Williams Marjorie
Published: June 2008

The IUHPE is a strategic partner for UNICEF, since its membership is an important link to the expertise, research and good practice which generates new knowledge and puts that knowledge within people's reach. The IUHPE helps to fulfill people's right to the knowledge that they need to live healthier, happier lives and to be productive citizens.
Bridging from Jakarta
Authors: Nyamwaya David
Published: June 2008

It is almost a year since the 4th International Conference on Health Promotion was held in Jakarta, Indonesia. During the conference, close to four hundred participants and observers deliberated on the theme "New Players for a New Era: Leading Health Promotion into the 21st Century".
The Verona Initiative: A new "arena" for debate on health in Europe
Authors: Bertinato Luigi
Published: June 2008

The Verona Initiative which aims to raise awareness of the social and ecoyzoyrzic determinants of health and advocate for new investment for health action held its first arena ("open space") meeting in Verona, Italy, on 14-17 October 1998.
Motivational Interviewing to Affect Behavioral Change in Older Adults
Authors: Cummings Sherry M. , Cooper R. Lyle , Cassie Kim McClure
Published: June 2008

This article reviews and assesses the existing research literature on the efficacy of motivational interviewing (MI) to promote lifestyle changes and improve functioning among older adults confronting serious health challenges. A comprehensive literature review was conducted of intervention studies that tested the use of MI to achieve behavioral change among older adults with acute and chronic illnesses. Although limited in number, the studies revealed a significant improvement in physical activity, diet, cholesterol, blood pressure and glycemic control, and increased smoking cessation following MI. MI and its derivatives can be useful in dealing with a range of health issues faced by older adults. Further research to extend findings and address methodological issues is recommended. The integration of MI into social work courses focused on practice with older adults should be considered.
Professionals' Judgments of Peer Interaction Interventions: A Survey of Members of the Division for Early Childhood
Authors: West Tracy Newman , Brown William H. , Grego John M. , Johnson Robert
Published: June 2008

We surveyed a sample of the membership of the Division for Early Childhood (DEC) of the Council for Exceptional Children (CEC) with the Social Interaction Program Features Questionnaire-Revised (SIPFQ-R) to determine their judgments of the acceptability, feasibility, and current use of contemporary peer interaction intervention tactics and strategies. We analyzed resultant information descriptively and with MANOVA procedures. In addition, we collected respondents' perspectives about barriers to the implementation of social interaction interventions and the proportion of preschool children they believed could benefit from peer interaction interventions. Results indicated that DEC members judged a majority of social interaction intervention tactics and strategies as acceptable but members rated many of those interventions as less feasible and reported them to have relatively lower rates of use. We believe the findings indicate that a continuing research to practice gap exists for peer interaction interventions in early childhood special education (cf. Brown & Conroy, 2001). Given that gap, we call for targeted professional development activities focused on a range of social interaction intervention tactics and strategies and renewed research efforts to refine and develop teacher friendly intervention strategies for practitioners who work in community-based preschools.
The Inherent Inadequacy of Salt: The Inapplicability of a Bipolar Solution To a Multilateral Problem
Authors: Hayes Richard E.
Published: June 2008

If the simple relation of a single nation with a single other nation be considered, perhaps the matter would not be very difficult. The misfortune is, that almost everywhere compound relations are found. On the subject of troops - France says to England, Yes I would voluntarily make with you a treaty of disarming, if there were only you; but it is necessary for me to have troops to defend me from the Austrians. Austria might say the same to France; but it is necessary to guard against Prussia, Russia and the Porte. And the same allegation might be made by Prussia with regard to Russia.
Spindle Epithelial Tumor with Thymus-like Element (SETTLE), a Primary Thyroid Tumor
Authors: Saw Daisy , Wu Derrina , Chess Quintus , Shemen Larry
Published: June 2008

A 49-year-old female presented with a nontender mass in the neck. Fine-needle aspirate revealed spindle cells in a vaguely whorled pattern. The cells were fairly uniform and had elongated nuclei with fine chromatin. It was diagnosed as a cellular spindle cell neoplasm of uncertain histogenesis. Total thyroidectomy was performed revealing a well-circumscribed mass in the right lower pole extending substernally for 2 cm. The tumor was highly cellular and characterized by fascicles of spindle cells, focally displaying a biphasic pattern. The glandular component had a tubopapillary pattern. Occasional small mucous cysts were found adjacent to the tumor and in the opposite lobe, suggesting that the tumor might have arisen from the epithelial inclusions or remnants of branchial pouch within the thyroid. The spindle cells were immunoreactive for cytokeratin, epithelial membrane antigen, and vimentin and negative for thyroglobulin, calcitonin, chromogranin, desmin, myoglobin, and actin. Ultrastructurally, the spindle cells had abundant tonofilaments and well-developed desmosomes. These findings are consistent with a newly described entity, spindle epithelial tumor with thymus-like element (SETTLE), an intrathyroid lesion with a potential for delayed metastasis. Int J Surg Pathol 4(3):00-00, 1997
Myofibroblastoma of the Chest Wall
Authors: Franchi Alessandro , Dini Mario , Santucci Marco
Published: June 2008

We describe a case of myofibroblastoma of the soft tissue of the chest wall occurring in a 5-year-old boy. The lesion consisted of a proliferation of monomorphous spindle-shaped cells with interspersed extracellular matrix, arranged in interlacing fascicles. Immunohistochemically, neoplastic cells showed a diffuse cytoplasmic staining for vimentin and actin and a strong surface positivity for fibronectin. Ultrastructurally, the cytoplasm of tumor cells contained abundant rough endoplasmic reticulum cisternae and peripheral bundles of microfilaments with focal densities. In addition, several fibronexus junctions were identified. The combination of these histomorpliologic and ultrastructural features indicates myofibroblastic differentiation of neoplastic cells. We hypothesize that soft-tissue myofibroblastoma may be related to infantile hemangiopericytoma and infantile myofibromatosis, representing the final maturative step in a spectrum of lesions formed by myofibroblasts and pericytes in the more immature variants and exclusively by myofibroblasts in the more mature lesions. Int J Surg Pathol 0(0):00-00, 1996
Idiopathic Giant Cell Myocarditis Diagnosed in the Native Explanted Heart
Authors: Cabrera-Pozuelo Ernesto , Val-Bernal J. Fernando , Torre-Hernández José M. , Gómez-Izquierdo Rubén , Gutiérrez-Sánchez J. Antonio
Published: June 2008

We report the case of a 35-year-old woman suffering a rapidly progressive congestive heart failure. Echocardiogram and cardiac catheterization study showed a restrictive pattern with a ventricular ejection of 45%. Her clinical condition was dramatically deteriorated, and an urgent orthotopic cardiac transplantation was performed. Histological examination of the native explanted heart revealed an idiopathic giant-cell myocarditis. Posttransplant routine endomyocardial biopsies showed acute rejection but no evidence of recurrence. The patient's physical condition is good more than 14 months after transplantation. The outcome of the 11 cases of giant-cell myocarditis treated by heart transplantation, including the present, are reviewed. Heart transplantation is an excellent option for giant-cell myocarditis treatment since it improves survival. Recurrence rate is less than 50% and, when present, is usually responsive to intensive immunosuppression. Pretransplant endomyocardial biopsies are not always diagnostic of giant-cell myocarditis. Int J Surg Pathol 0(0):00-00, 1996
Lymphoepitheliomalike Carcinoma of the Gallbladder
Authors: Todd David L. , Ro Jae Y. , Gulley Margaret L. , Ayala Alberto G.
Published: June 2008

We report a case of a lymphoepitheliomalike carcinoma arising in the gallbladder of a 60-year-old woman. The gallbladder wall was completely replaced with a tumor that extended into the adjacent liver parenchyma.The tumor was histologically and immunophenotypically indistinguishable from lymphoepithelioma of the nasopharynx, which is an undifferentiated malignant epithelial neoplasm that is histologically distinctive owing to a prominent reactive lymphoid infiltrate. It is believed that the Epstein-Barr virus may play a role in the pathogenesis of nasopharyngeal lymphoepitheliomas; however, our case in the gallbladder was not associated with of Epstein-Barr virus DNA. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first published case of a lymphoepitheliomalike carcinoma of the gallbladder. Int J Surg Pathol 4(3):00-00, 1997
Invasive Keratinizing Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Endometrium as Extension of Invasive Cervical Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Peison Bernard , Benisch Barry , Fox Howard
Published: June 2008

Squamous cell carcinoma of the endometrium, either primary or as an extension of a cervical carcinoma, is extremely rare. We report a case of invasive keratinizing squamous cell carcinoma of the cervix, in which there was replacement of the entire endometrial cavity by an intraepithelial and invasive cervical squamous cell carcinoma with production of a large column of keratin that bridged the endometrial cavity. Int J Surg Pathol 4(3):00-00, 1997
Neonatal Platelet Activation in Preeclampsia
Authors: Klein Bernd , Faridi Andree , Amo-Takyi Baffour K. , Heilmann Lothar , von Tempelhoff Georg-F , Rath Werner
Published: June 2008

Preeclampsia is associated with an increased platelet activation, however, there are few studies concerning platelet activation of the newborn. The aim of our study was to compare platelet activation in newboms of preeclamptic mothers to newborns of healthy mothers by using whole blood flow cytometry. Blood samples were obtained from 20 newborns (10 healthy controls, 10 cases of preeclampsia/HELLP [hemolysis, elevated liver enzymes, and low platelet count] syndrome) during cesarean section. Antibodies against the following antigens were used as markers for platelet activation: CD 41, CD62P, CD 63, and platelet-bound fibrinogen. In addition to the basal platelet activation, the ability of platelets to undergo activation as a result of in vitro incubation with a weak agonist (adenosine diphosphate) was evaluated. A significant difference between the groups concerning basal platelet activation could only be seen for platelet-bound fibrinogen; the control group showed a higher extent of platelet activation (16.6 ± 11.3 vs. 6. 1 ± 4.9; p = 0.03). Incubation with adenosine diphosphate in the control group resulted in minor increases of platelet activation, which was significant only for platelet-bound fibrinogen (16.6± 11.3 vs. 42.5 ± 22.1; p = 0.02). However, the preeclamptic group showed significantly increased levels of platelet activation for all used markers after in vitro activation (CD 41 : 115.6 ± 18.2 vs. 163.2 ± 29.6; p = 0.002; CD62P: 2.4 ± 0.4 vs. 3.9 ± 0.3; p < 0.001; CD 63: 2.7 ± 0.5 vs. 3.7 ± 0.6; p = 0.002; platelet-bound fibrinogen: 6.1 ± 4.9 vs. 55.1± 9.1; p < 0.001). Preeclampsia or HELLP syndrome is therefore associated with an increased susceptibility to neonatal platelets, even against weak activators such as adenosine diphosphate. Whether this results from peculiarities in the fetal vascular environment or maternal influences is yet uncertain.
A Comparison of Every-Third-Day Versus Daily Low-Dose Aspirin Therapy on Serum Thromboxane Concentrations in Healthy Men and Women
Authors: Feldman Mark , Cryer Byron , Rushin Kristi , Betancourt Jaime
Published: June 2008

Aspirin's antithrombotic effect is mediated predominately by inhibition of platelet cyclooxyoenase-1, leading to a decline in serum thromboxane A 2 concentrations. We performed a placebo-controlled, randomized, double-blind trial to determine whether aspirin could be given at 3-day intervals and still achieve potent serum thromboxane inhibition. One hundred nine healthy men and women with no recent exposure to aspirin and no contraindications to its use participated. Subjects received 325 mg, 81 mg, or 40 mg of plain aspirin every third day, with placebo on other days; 81 mg of aspirin every day; or placebo every day. Serum concentrations of thromboxane B2 (the metabolite of thromboxane A2) were measured at 3-day intervals during a 31-day treatment period, as well as 4, 7, and 14 days after treatment ended. Serum thromboxane B2 concentrations were nearly identical during treatment with 325 mg of aspirin every third day or 81 mg of aspirin per day (86% inhibition [84%, 89%] and 85% inhibition [73%, 96%], respectively). An aspirin dose of 81 mg every third day was nearly as potent (74% inhibition [70%, 79%]), whereas 40 mg of aspirin every third day achieved only 50% inhibition (40%, 60%). Every-third-day low-dose aspirin regimens (325 and 81 mg) deserve comparison with daily low-dose aspirin regimens in controlled clinical trials because the former regimens could prove to have equal efficacy with reduced toxicity.
Synthetic Heparin Pentasaccharide Depolymerization by Heparinase 1: Molecular and Biological Implications
Authors: Daud Asif N. , Ahsan Ahmad , Iqbal Omer , Walenga Jeanine M. , Silver Paul J. , Ahmad Sarfraz , Fareed Jawed
Published: June 2008

A synthetic pentasaccharide (SR90107/ ORG31540) representing the antithrombin III (ATIII) binding sequence in heparin is under clinical development for the prophylaxis and management of venous thromboembolism. This pentasaccharide exhibits potent anti-factor Xa (AXa) effects (>750 lU/mg> and does not exhibit any anti-factor IIa (AIIa) activity. Previous reports have suggested that synthetic heparin pentasaccharides are resistant to the digestive effects of heparinase 1. To investigate the effect of heparinase I on the AXa activity of pentasaccharide SR90107/ORG31540. graded concentrations (1.25-100 μg/ml) were incubated with a fixed amount of heparinase I (0.1 U/ml). Heparinase I produced a strong neutralizing effect on this pentasaccharide, as measured by AXa activity. This observation led to further studies where high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis was eniployed to determine the potential breakdown products of the pentasaccharide. The experiment with the pentasaccharide included incubation (37°C) at mg/ml and exposure to graded concentrations of heparinase I (0.125-1 U/ml). After 30 min of incubation, the enzymatic activity was stopped by heat treatment and the mixture was analyzed using high performance size exclusion chromatography (HPSEC). Heparinase I concentration-dependent cleavage of the pentasaccharide was evident. The breakdown products exhibited a mass of 1,034 d and 743 d, respectively, suggesting the generation of a trisaccharide and a disaccharide moiety. The extinction of a disaccharide moiety in the UV region was high, indicating the presence of a double bond in this molecule. These data clearly, suggest that pentasaccharide SR90107/ORG31540 is digestible by heparinase I into its two components. Furthermore, these data support the hypothesis that heparinase I can be used as a neutralizing agent for pentasaccharide overdose. Additionally, a highly methylated analog of the previously mentioned synthetic pentasaccharide, SanOrg34006, which has also been subjected to similar experiments, has shown complete resistance to the depolymerizing function of heparinase I; therefore, its use may be appropriate in chronic situations as a long-acting form of the pentasaccharide.
Upper Extremity Deep Vein Thrombosis in a Young Patient Double Heterozygous for Factor V Leiden and Prothrombin G20210A Mutation
Authors: Vayá Amparo , Todolí Jose , Ricart Jose , Estellés Amparo , Mira Yolanda , Villa Piedad , Calabuig Jose Ramon , Aznar Justo
Published: June 2008

We report on a 19-year-old girl with upper extremity deep vein thrombosis after catheter indwelling whose thrombophilic study disclosed the coexistence of factor V Leiden and the prothrombin G20210A mutation. The family study identified five other members who were also heterozygous for both mutations. This is the first case of upper extremity deep vein thrombosis with the co-inheritance of both genetic defects. It provides further evidence that thrombophilic defects mostly require additional triggering factors to induce a thrombotic event and suggests that in young patients with this venous thrombotic location, a thrombophilic search should be performed even when there are other acquired thrombotic risk factors.
Fragments
Authors: Moreira Claudio
Published: June 2008

This performance autoethnography shows the author's struggle in finding his place, scholarship, voice, and body, into the academic setting. Mixing together memories of his lived experience with sugar cane workers, notes, and leftovers of different fieldworks, plus 6 years of life as grad student at the University of Illinois, the author looks for ways to decolonize inquiry; to decolonize academia. From a present space created by a deep immersion in the past, he challenges the White's man ideology, trying to create a performative action/ space, whose goal is to bring more justice and dignity to more people. This performance discusses and interrogates forms of representation, knowledge and experience, method and theory. All of these issues are pertinent to any field of knowledge which deals with the lives of human beings.
Listening and Musing to Grant Kien's “Wireless Mobility and `Being' Canadian in Toronto” at the QI Congress May 4, 2006 (With Apologies to Grant)
Authors: Lewis P.J.
Published: June 2008

This work is a narrative musing inspired by, and entangled with listening to the auto-ethnographic piece shared by Grant Kien at the Second International Congress of Qualitative Inquiry May 4—6, 2006 at the University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign.
Talking About Race
Authors: Pascale Celine-Marie
Published: June 2008

This article examines patterns of common-sense knowledge about race to understand how race is made to appear both self-evident and inherently meaningful in daily interactions. It explores a new methodological imaginary by drawing strategically from ethnomethodology and poststructural discourse analysis to examine the histories and the visions of power that rest beneath the surface of common-sense knowledge about race. Because common-sense knowledge links the production of meaning in local contexts to the broader production of cultural knowledge, it provides a key focal point for examining the dialogical relationship between the apparent agency of local practices and the efficacy of cultural discourse. The article concludes with implications for social research and social justice.