bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
CONSIDERATIONS ON THE DIFFUSE SEISMICITY ASSUMPTION
Authors: Riera Jorge Daniel , Iturrioz Ignacio
Published: October 2016

Second-order effects were historically included by the effective length method (K concept). All the studies about that methodology have been developed in frame plane, with regular rectangular frames. The new way to include those effects is the use of second-order analysis, direct analysis method or alternative simplified options. This methodology was included in ANSI AISC360 in the 2005 version and in the 2010 version. As before, the studies already developed for DAM analysis are in plane. In this paper, the K concept is revisited by numerical analysis, and extended to the 3D space. Using models of symmetric and non-symmetric industrial steel structures in plane, 3D stability analyses were developed, and the results were compared with plane behavior. Several conclusions and recommendations were exposed, resulting from the analyzed models.
Keywords: Second-order analyses, steel structures, irregular 3D frames.
The Welfare Legend Tradition in Online and Off-Line Contexts
Authors: Mould Tom
Published: October 2016

Widespread contemporary legends assumed to be “everywhere” pose distinct methodological challenges to documenting living traditions in context. Welfare legends, for example, have persisted in the United States since before the 1960s, yet no vernacular texts exist in scholarly publication. This paper examines the vernacular tradition of welfare legends in face-to-face and online contexts in order to advocate for specific methodological strategies for collecting and analyzing widespread contemporary legends; to examine the boundaries, core claims, performance contexts, and uses of welfare legends in vernacular discourse; and ultimately to suggest a more inclusive approach to the study of contemporary legends.
Folklore and Education: A Short History of a Long Endeavor
Authors: Pryor Anne , Bowman Paddy
Published: October 2016

Not all sub-fields in folklore leave the same type of scholarly footprints as evidence of their impact. For the area of folklore and education, the majority of scholarly media produced by the field is found in what is classified as “grey literature.” Examining the broad range of scholarly materials produced in folklore and education fills in a portrait of a robust field meagerly represented in the Journal of American Folklore.
Defender of Humanism in the Alienated World —Citrine’s Humanistic Journey in Humboldt’Gift
Authors: Xiang Fang
Published: October 2016

The novel Humboldt’s gift which reveals the dilemma of two intelligentsia in the modern society where consumerism and materialism further aggravates the alienation among people and the culture is degraded into a capital form and is commercialized, so the dignity and even the survival of poets are threatened by this material-centered society. The thesis intends to discuss the destructive force of culture commercialization on the life of writers through the failure of Humboldt, and further analyze 3 stages Citrine takes to overcome his life crisis and be a defender of humanism in the absurd world.
Respuestas faciales ante imágenes de advertencia de tabaco
Authors: Muñoz Miguel Ángel , Gantiva C. , Ciria L. F.
Published: October 2016

ResumenEn 2003, la Comisión Europea propuso una serie de advertencias visuales para ser incluidas en los embalajes de tabaco, con el objetivo de motivar a los fumadores a dejar de fumar y promover actitudes negativas hacia el tabaco. El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar el impacto de las advertencias sanitarias mediante autoinformes y medidas psicofisiológicas. Cincuenta sujetos sanos (19-23 años) visionaron un conjunto de treinta y seis imágenes de diferente contenido emocional y veinticuatro del banco de imágenes preventivas propuestas por la Comisión Europea. Se registró la actividad eléctrica de los músculos cigomático mayor y corrugador mientras los sujetos visionaban estas imágenes. A continuación, los participantes evaluaban las imágenes en las dimensiones de agradabilidad y activación. Los resultados muestran una mayor actividad eléctrica del musculo corrugador ante la presentación de imágenes desagradables comparadas con advertencias desagradables incluidas en los paquetes de tabaco. Estos resultados sugieren que la campaña preventiva podría beneficiarse de imágenes preventivas más impactantes, promoviendo así la activación del sistema motivacional evitativo/defensivo. AbstractIn 2003, the European Commission proposed a series of visual warnings to be included on the packaging of tobacco, with the target of motivating smokers to quit and promoting negative attitudes toward tobacco. The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of health warnings by self-report and psychophysiological measures. Fifty healthy subjects (19-23 years) visualized thirty-six images of different emotional content and twenty-four from the bank of preventative images of the European Commission. The electrical activity of the zygomatic major and corrugator muscles was recorded while subjects were visualizing these images. Participants evaluated the images in the dimensions of pleasantness and activation. The results show a major corrugator muscle electrical activity before the presentation of unpleasant images compared with unpleasant warnings on the packages of tobacco. These results suggest that preventive campaign could benefit from more shocking preventive images, promoting activation avoidant / defensive motivational system
Magnetic Resonance Imaging-Guided Delivery of Neural Stem Cells into the Basal Ganglia of Nonhuman Primates Reveals a Pulsatile Mode of Cell Dispersion
Authors: Malloy Kristen E. , Li Jinqi , Choudhury Gourav R. , Torres April , Gupta Shruti , Kantorak Chris , Goble Tim , Fox Peter T. , Clarke Geoffrey D. , Daadi Marcel M.
Published: October 2016

Optimal stem cell delivery procedures are critical to the success of the cell therapy approach. Variables such as flow rate, suspension solution, needle diameter, cell density, and tissue mechanics affect tissue penetration, backflow along the needle, and the dispersion and survival of injected cells during delivery. Most cell transplantation centers engaged in human clinical trials use custom-designed cannula needles, syringes, or catheters, sometimes precluding the use of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)-guided delivery to target tissue. As a result, stem cell therapies may be hampered because more than 80% of grafted cells do not survive the delivery—for example, to the heart, liver/pancreas, and brain—which translates to poor patient outcomes. We developed a minimally invasive interventional MRI (iMRI) approach for intraoperatively imaging neural stem cell (NSC) delivery procedures. We used NSCs prelabeled with a contrast agent and real-time magnetic resonance imaging to guide the injection cannula to the target and to track the delivery of the cells into the putamen of baboons. We provide evidence that cell injection into the brain parenchyma follows a novel pulsatile mode of cellular discharge from the delivery catheter despite a constant infusion flow rate. The rate of cell infusion significantly affects the dispersion and viability of grafted cells. We report on our investigational use of a frameless navigation system for image-guided NSC transplantation using a straight cannula. Through submillimeter accuracy and real-time imaging, iMRI approaches may improve the safety and efficacy of neural cell transplantation therapies.
Li-substituted MgAl2O4 barriers for spin-dependent coherent tunneling
Authors: Scheike Thomas , Sukegawa Hiroaki , Mitani Seiji
Published: October 2016

Epitaxial magnetic tunnel junctions (MTJs) with a Li-substituted spinel MgAl2O4 barrier were prepared by sputtering and plasma oxidation of an Mg/LiAl bilayer. The formed MTJ with Fe(001) electrodes showed a relatively large tunnel magnetoresistance (TMR) ratio of 120% (174%) at room temperature (3 K) and two local minima in the tunneling conductance spectra (parallel magnetization), revealing the occurrence of the coherent tunneling effect through the Li-substituted spinel barrier. The results are likely to pave the way for a variety of quaternary spinel oxide barriers in which structural and transport properties of MTJs can be engineered in the coherent tunneling regime.
Effects of Ge substitution on thermoelectric properties of CrSi2
Authors: Nagai Hiroki , Takamatsu Tomohisa , Iijima Yoshihiko , Hayashi Kei , Miyazaki Yuzuru
Published: October 2016

Polycrystalline Cr(Si1−

x
Ge
x
)2 samples were prepared using arc melting and spark plasma sintering methods. Single-phase Cr(Si1−

x
Ge
x
)2 samples were obtained for the compositional range of 0 ≤ x ≤ 0.015 and the lattice parameters monotonically increased with x. In the range of single phases, the electrical conductivity and Seebeck coefficient increased and decreased with increasing x, respectively. The partial substitution of Ge effectively reduced the thermal conductivity to ∼80%, which resulted in the increase in the ZT of Cr(Si1−

x
Ge
x
)2 samples from 0.16 (x = 0) to 0.25 (x = 0.015) at 600 K. From the results of first-principles calculation for transport properties, it can be concluded that the origin of the increase in electrical conductivity and the decrease in Seebeck coefficient of Ge-substituted samples is the decrease in carrier effective mass.
KCNMA1, a pore‐forming α‐subunit of BK channels, regulates insulin signalling in mature adipocytes
Authors: Nishizuka Makoto , Horinouchi Wataru , Yamada Eri , Ochiai Natsuki , Osada Shigehiro , Imagawa Masayoshi
Published: October 2016

KCNMA1 is a pore‐forming α‐subunit of the large conductance Ca2+‐ and voltage‐activated K+ channels, referred to as BK channels, which play key roles in various physiological functions. However, the role of KCNMA1 in mature adipocytes remains unclear. In this study, we reveal that kcnma1 expression is downregulated in white adipose tissue of mice fed a high‐fat diet and in hypertrophied adipocytes. Furthermore, inhibition of kcnma1 expression or treatment with a BK channel blocker attenuated insulin‐induced Akt phosphorylation in mature adipocytes. These results strongly indicate that KCNMA1 contributes to the regulation of insulin signalling in mature adipocytes.
Application of the probabilistic model BET_UNREST during a volcanic unrest simulation exercise in Dominica, Lesser Antilles
Authors: Constantinescu Robert , Robertson Richard , Lindsay Jan M. , Tonini Roberto , Sandri Laura , Rouwet Dmitri , Smith Patrick , Stewart Roderick
Published: October 2016

We report on the first “real‐time” application of the BET_UNREST (Bayesian Event Tree for Volcanic Unrest) probabilistic model, during a VUELCO Simulation Exercise carried out on the island of Dominica, Lesser Antilles, in May 2015. Dominica has a concentration of nine potentially active volcanic centers and frequent volcanic earthquake swarms at shallow depths, intense geothermal activity, and recent phreatic explosions (1997) indicate the region is still active. The exercise scenario was developed in secret by a team of scientists from The University of the West Indies (Trinidad and Tobago) and University of Auckland (New Zealand). The simulated unrest activity was provided to the exercise's Scientific Team in three “phases” through exercise injects comprising processed monitoring data. We applied the newly created BET_UNREST model through its software implementation PyBetUnrest, to estimate the probabilities of having (i) unrest of (ii) magmatic, hydrothermal or tectonic origin, which may or may not lead to (iii) an eruption. The probabilities obtained for each simulated phase raised controversy and intense deliberations among the members of the Scientific Team. The results were often considered to be “too high” and were not included in any of the reports presented to ODM (Office for Disaster Management) revealing interesting crisis communication challenges. We concluded that the PyBetUnrest application itself was successful and brought the tool one step closer to a full implementation. However, as with any newly proposed method, it needs more testing, and in order to be able to use it in the future, we make a series of recommendations for future applications.
Near‐field observations of an offshore Mw 6.0 earthquake from an integrated seafloor and subseafloor monitoring network at the Nankai Trough, southwest Japan
Authors: Wallace L. M. , Araki E. , Saffer D. , Wang X. , Roesner A. , Kopf A. , Nakanishi A. , Power W. , Kobayashi R. , Kinoshita C. , Toczko S. , Kimura T. , Machida Y. , Carr S.
Published: October 2016

An Mw 6.0 earthquake struck ~50 km offshore the Kii Peninsula of southwest Honshu, Japan on 1 April 2016. This earthquake occurred directly beneath a cabled offshore monitoring network at the Nankai Trough subduction zone and within 25–35 km of two borehole observatories installed as part of the International Ocean Discovery Program's NanTroSEIZE project. The earthquake's location close to the seafloor and subseafloor network offers a unique opportunity to evaluate dense seafloor geodetic and seismological data in the near field of a moderate‐sized offshore earthquake. We use the offshore seismic network to locate the main shock and aftershocks, seafloor pressure sensors, and borehole observatory data to determine the detailed distribution of seafloor and subseafloor deformation, and seafloor pressure observations to model the resulting tsunami. Contractional strain estimated from formation pore pressure records in the borehole observatories (equivalent to 0.37 to 0.15 μstrain) provides a key to narrowing the possible range of fault plane solutions. Together, these data show that the rupture occurred on a landward dipping thrust fault at 9–10 km below the seafloor, most likely on the plate interface. Pore pressure changes recorded in one of the observatories also provide evidence for significant afterslip for at least a few days following the main shock. The earthquake and its aftershocks are located within the coseismic slip region of the 1944 Tonankai earthquake (Mw ~8.0), and immediately downdip of swarms of very low frequency earthquakes in this region, illustrating the complex distribution of megathrust slip behavior at a dominantly locked seismogenic zone.
Spatially continuous mapping of daily global ozone distribution (2004–2014) with the Aura OMI sensor
Authors: Peng Xiaolin , Shen Huanfeng , Zhang Liangpei , Zeng Chao , Yang Gang , He Zongyi
Published: October 2016

Total ozone data from the Aura Ozone Monitoring Instrument (OMI) play an important role in the monitoring of the spatial distribution and temporal change of total ozone. However, since September 2005, and especially after mid‐2006, due to row anomalies in the OMI instrument, one third to one half of the OMI total ozone data has been missing. In this study, we generate a spatially continuous and daily global total ozone product (2004–2014) by quantitatively reconstructing the level 3 (gridded) total ozone data via a new two‐step method, which takes full advantage of the temporal and spatial correlation characteristics. First, a preliminary prediction is made based on an adaptive weighted temporal fitting method. Residual correction based on an anisotropic kriging method is then proposed to further improve the prediction accuracy. To assess the efficacy of the proposed method, a comparison of different gap filling algorithms through a series of simulated experiments was performed. On this basis, we further evaluated the proposed product with Brewer spectrophotometers' total ozone columns. The evaluation results suggest that the proposed method outperforms the other algorithms, and its product is better able to capture total ozone variation than the MERRA‐2 assimilated ozone product. The total ozone product produced in this study can be freely downloaded fromhttp://sendimage.whu.edu.cn/send‐resource‐download/.
A numerical investigation of the convective systems in the vicinity of southern Taiwan associated with Typhoon Fanapi (2010): Formation mechanism of double rainfall peaks
Authors: Huang Ching‐Yuang , Wu I‐Hsin , Feng Lei
Published: October 2016

The westbound Typhoon Fanapi (2010) brought 872 mm daily rainfall over the coastal plain in southern Taiwan, which is comparable to the extreme rainfall of 1080 mm over the southern Central Mountain Range (CMR). In this study, the Weather Research and Forecast model was used to investigate the formation mechanism of the two rainfall peaks and the associated dynamics of the convective systems in the vicinity of southern Taiwan. As the vortex that deflects somewhat southward near landfall moves over the CMR, the vortex slows down significantly during westward departure and induces strong near‐coastal convergence at lower levels with the westerly to southwesterly outer flow. The associated intense latent heating of the near‐coastal rainfall greatly contributes to positive potential vorticity (PV) with enhanced vorticity stretching near the convex eyewall when the vortex becomes more asymmetric and longitudinally elongated. The positive PV tendency near the coast is induced not only by vertical differential diabatic heating (DDH) but also by the longitudinal DDH mainly associated with positive vorticity tilting. The longitudinal DDH indeed dominates all other processes in the PV generation inside the eyewall further offshore, which is vital to the maintenance of the eyewall with the strong banded convergence and is special to typical intense cyclones over the open ocean. The formation of the double intense rainfall peaks cannot occur without a precise departing track near the southwest coast in association with the slowdown of the vortex core when the CMR height is significantly reduced or latent heating is deactivated after landfall.
Further delineation of the phenotype of truncating KMT2A mutations: The extended Wiedemann–Steiner syndrome
Authors: Sun Yu , Hu Guorui , Liu Huili , Zhang Xia , Huang Zhuo , Yan Hui , Wang Lili , Fan Yanjie , Gu Xuefan , Yu Yongguo
Published: October 2016

KMT2A mutations cause Wiedemann–Steiner syndrome (WDSTS), which is characterized by hypertrichosis cubiti, short stature, and distinct facial features in general. Here, we report two Chinese boys with novel nonsense KMT2A mutations. Most of their phenotypes are concordant with WDSTS. They, however, lack the key WDSTS feature—hypertrichosis cubiti. Additionally, their transverse palmar creases are absent. We further summarized the genotypes and phenotypes of the KMT2A mutation carriers. The consensus phenotypes include postnatal growth retardation, developmental delay, short stature, and intellectual disability. The common facial features include thick eyebrows, long eyelashes, downslanting, and narrow palpebral fissures, wide nasal bridge, and broad nasal tip. They have generalized hypertrichosis. A hairy back can be observed as frequently as hairy elbows in patients with KMT2A mutations. Absent palmar proximal transverse creases are only observed in these two Chinese boys. This might be due to the difference in ethnic background. Thus far, all mutations in KMT2A are located before the FYRC domain. They would truncate KMT2A mRNA transcripts. Haploinsufficiency of the histone methyltransferase activity would therefore influence transcriptional regulation. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Molecular Recognition Properties of Biphen[4]arene
Authors: Ma Suxiang , Chen Huanqing , Li Jian , Jia Xueshun , Li Chunju
Published: October 2016

Biphen[n]arenes (n=3, 4) are a new family of macrocyclic hosts. Here, we describe the molecular recognition behavior of hydroxylated biphen[4]arene (OHBP4) for the first time. A series of cationic guests with different sizes and shapes, including quaternary ammonium salts (1⋅PF6 and 2⋅PF6), pyridinium‐based guests (3⋅2 PF6–6⋅2 PF6), and cobaltocenium hexafluorophosphate (7⋅PF6), were chosen as model guest molecules. OHBP4 exhibits good selectivity towards the 2,7‐dibutyldiazapyrenium bis(hexafluorophosphate) (4⋅2 PF6) axle to form a [2]pseudorotaxane‐type complex. In contrast, hydroxylated biphen[3]arene (OHBP3) cannot bind with this big guest. In addition, OHBP4 strongly interacts with adamantane derivative 2⋅PF6 and cobaltocenium 7⋅PF6, which have tridimensional shape and relatively large size. The association constant of the 7+⊂OHBP4 complex in 1:1 (v/v) [D6]acetone/CD2Cl2 solution is up to 3100±300 m−1.
Not just a FREAK finding, but perhaps an important insight
Authors: Ukaigwe Anene C. , Gilchrist Ian C.
Published: October 2016

Key Points

Chronic renal failure patients carry enhanced risk for coronary artery disease that may not be captured by simple FFR measurements

Microvascular resistance appears elevated in renal insufficiency and is a potential confounder that could result in a FFR higher than otherwise measured in a patient with normal microvascular system

The potential for microvascular resistance in the final interpretation of FFR values in chronic renal insufficient patients raises interesting questions for further outcomes based research
Fracking the Code to Complete Revascularization
Authors: Hira Ravi S. , Dean Larry S.
Published: October 2016

Key Points

Provisional use of rotational atherectomy (RA) is indicated for procedural success in heavily calcified lesions.

In the current study, RA use at three high volume percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) centers between 2005 and 2013 was 1.4%. MACE rate was 17.8% at median follow‐up of 22 months. Peripheral vascular disease (PVD), diabetes mellitus (DM), acute coronary syndrome (ACS), and SYNTAX > 23 were found to be independently associated with MACE.

With increasing complexity of disease and SYNTAX score, there is usually an increase in severity of calcification and need for atherectomy. Complete revascularization with residual SYNTAX reduced to < 8 is associated with improved outcomes. Incompleteness of revascularization in patients with SYNTAX > 33 rather than procedural success of the target vessel with atherectomy may have contributed to the adverse outcomes.
ACS Treatment Continues to Improve: But Price Matters
Authors: Heuser Richard R.
Published: October 2016

Key Points

Over 90% of patients achieve adequate levels of platelet inhibition with both Prasugrel and Ticagrelor.

The introduction of Prasugrel was met with some hesitation from physicians because of the significant increase in cost.

This pharmaceutically sponsored and authored retrospective study suggests that both agents are effective.
Hydrogenation Properties of Nanostructured Tungsten Carbide Catalysts in a Continuous‐Flow Reactor
Authors: Braun Max , Esposito Davide
Published: October 2016

Tungsten monocarbide (WC) obtained through a urea glass route showed a high activity and chemoselectivity for the continuous‐flow reduction of a variety of nitro compounds under milder conditions than those reported previously. The favorable effect of the nanostructure was shown by comparison with other commercially available WC materials. Moreover, WC functioned as an efficient support for Ni nanoparticles. This expanded its range of applicability and led to a bimetallic Ni@WC composite characterized by a high activity for the hydrogenation of cardanol, a phenolic lipid obtained from cashew nut shells.
Hydrothermal Conversion of Alginate into Uronic Acids over a Sulfonated Glucose‐Derived Carbon Catalyst
Authors: Ban Chunghyeon , Jeon Wonjin , Park Geonu , Woo Hee Chul , Kim Do Heui
Published: October 2016

Alginate, the major constituent of algal biomass, was hydrolyzed into uronic acids over sulfonated glucose‐derived carbon catalysts using water as a green solvent under mild temperature conditions (100, 120, and 140 °C). The catalytic activity was compared with that of sulfuric acid and other commercial solid acid catalysts such as carbon black, activated carbon, Amberlyst‐15, and zeolites. The carbon catalysts were further treated with nitric acid or sulfuric acid to impart acid properties. The sulfonic group is an active site in the catalysis of the hydrolysis of alginate, and phenolic hydroxyl and carboxylic groups on the carbon surface showed negligible effects on the hydrolysis reactions in the temperature region. A high local acid density of the sulfonated glucose‐derived carbon catalyst (Glu‐SO3H) facilitates the cleavage of the 1,4‐glycosidic bond as alginate adsorbs onto the carbon catalyst surface by a carbohydrate–π interaction. Mannuronic acid and guluronic acid were further degraded into humins or epimerized into other uronic acids, which led to the decrease in the yield of target monomers. The highest monomer yield of 19.6 % was obtained if alginate was treated hydrothermally over the sulfonated carbon at 140 °C for 1 h. The catalytic activity of Glu‐SO3H for the alginate conversion is higher than that of commercial acid catalysts used in this study.
Complexation Enhancement Drives Water‐to‐Oil Ion Transport: A Simulation Study
Authors: Qiao Baofu , Ferru Geoffroy , Ellis Ross J.
Published: October 2016

We address the structures and energetics of ion solvation in aqueous and organic solutions to understand liquid–liquid ion transport. Atomistic molecular dynamics (MD) simulations with polarizable force field are performed to study the coordination transformations driving lanthanide (LnIII) and nitrate ion transport between aqueous and an alkylamide–oil solution. An enhancement of the coordination behavior in the organic phase is achieved in contrast with the aqueous solution. In particular, the coordination number of Ce3+ increases from 8.9 in the aqueous to 9.9 in the organic solutions (from 8 in the aqueous to 8.8 in the organic systems for Yb3+). Moreover, the local coordination environment changes dramatically. Potential of mean force calculations show that the LnIII–ligand coordination interaction strengths follow the order of LnIII–nitrate>LnIII–water>LnIII–DMDBTDMA. They increase 2‐fold in the lipophilic environment in comparison to the aqueous phase, and we attribute this to the shedding of the outer solvation shell. Our findings highlight the importance of outer sphere interactions on the competitive solvation energetics that cause ions to migrate between immiscible phases; an essential ingredient for advancing important applications such as rare earth metal separations. Some open questions in simulating the coordination behavior of heavy metals are also addressed.
Near Threshold Effects on Recombination and Vibrational Relaxation in Efimov Systems
Authors: Shu Di , Simbotin Ionel , Côté Robin
Published: October 2016

We investigate the energy dependence of inelastic processes in systems which possess Efimov states. We consider the three‐body recombination rate K3 where three free atoms interact to produce an atom–dimer pair, and the relaxation rate Krel where an atom quenches a weakly bound state of a dimer near an Efimov resonance to more deeply bound levels. Using a model capturing the key features of the Efimov problem, we identify new energy regimes for K3, namely the near threshold resonance (NTR) regime behavior E−2 for negative scattering lengths and the near threshold suppression (NTS) regime behavior E2 for positive scattering lengths. We also confirm a previously found oscillatory behavior of K3 at higher energy E. Finally, we find that Krel behaves as E−1 in the NTR regime.
Spatial species turnover maintains high diversities in a tree assemblage of a fragmented tropical landscape
Authors: Carneiro Magda Silva , Campos Caroline Cambraia Furtado , Ramos Flavio Nunes , dos Santos Flavio Antonio Maes
Published: October 2016

The fragmentation process has many negative effects on communities, particularly for plants. This process can generate two distinct scenarios: homogenization of species composition, due to assemblage nestedness, or flora differentiation, due to spatial species turnover. The aim of this study was to answer the following questions: (1) Is the tree canopy and understory community of a highly fragmented landscape (9% of forest cover) the result of species nestedness or turnover? (2) Is the pattern of additive partitioning of diversity similar between the understory and canopy tree communities? and (3) Are landscape characteristics responsible for diversity partitioning of the tree assemblage? The studied area has low remaining forest coverage (~9%), caused by deforestation that started in the 18th century, and a very heterogeneous matrix around forest patches. Within this landscape context, we hypothesized that the tree assemblage (both canopy and understory strata) in the studied fragments would be homogeneous, as a consequence of a nested subset. The study was carried out in nine fragments of submontane semideciduous Atlantic Forest. All individuals with a height >1 m in 10 (200 m2) plots in each studied fragment were sampled, measured, and divided into two strata (canopy and understory individuals). The study found that the high beta diversity among plots and among fragments in both strata was due to species turnover (avoiding species homogenization) and that the landscape characteristics tested were not responsible for this result. These fragments present many rare and exclusive species and are not dominated by only a few species. In this scenario, it is necessary to conserve as many fragments as possible to protect most of tree assemblage because each fragment has a unique species composition.
RoseateTern breeding dispersal and fidelity: responses to two newly restored colony sites
Authors: Spendelow Jeffrey A. , Monticelli David , Nichols James D. , Hines James E. , Nisbet Ian C. T. , Cormons Grace , Hays Helen , Hatch Jeremy J. , Mostello Carolyn S.
Published: October 2016

We used 22 yr of capture–mark–reencounter (CMR) data collected from 1988 to 2009 on about 12,500 birds at what went from three to five coastal colony sites in Massachusetts, New York, and Connecticut, United States, to examine spatial and temporal variation in breeding dispersal/fidelity rates of adult Roseate Terns (Sterna dougallii). At the start of our study, Roseate Terns nested at only one site (Bird Island) in Buzzards Bay, Massachusetts, but two more sites in this bay (Ram and Penikese Islands) were subsequently recolonized and became incorporated into ourCMRmetapopulation study. We examined four major hypotheses about factors we thought might influence colony‐site fidelity and movement rates in the restructured system. We found some evidence that colony‐site fidelity remained higher at long‐established sites compared with newer ones and that breeding dispersal was more likely to occur among nearby sites than distant ones. Sustained predation at Falkner Island, Connecticut, did not result in a sustained drop in fidelity rates of breeders. Patterns of breeding dispersal differed substantially at the two restored sites. The fidelity of Roseate Terns at Bird dropped quickly after nearby Ram was recolonized in 1994, and fidelity rates for Ram soon approached those for Bird. After an oil spill in Buzzards Bay in April 2003, hazing (deliberate disturbance) of the terns at Ram prior to the start of egg‐laying resulted in lowering of fidelity at this site, a decrease in immigration from Bird, and recolonization of Penikese by Roseate Terns. Annual fidelity rates at Penikese increased somewhat several years after the initial recolonization, but they remained much lower there than at all the other sites throughout the study period. The sustained high annual rates of emigration from Penikese resulted in the eventual failure of the restoration effort there, and in 2013, no Roseate Terns nested at this site.
Homoleptic Chiral Benzamidinate Complexes of Rare‐Earth Elements: Synthesis, Structure, Luminescence, and Magnetism
Authors: He Meng , Chen Zhi , Pineda Eufemio Moreno , Liu Xue , Bouwman Elisabeth , Ruben Mario , Roesky Peter W.
Published: October 2016

The new enantiopure amidinate (S,S)‐N,N′‐bis[1‐(2‐naphthyl)ethyl]benzamidinate [(S)‐NEBA] was introduced into the chemistry of the rare‐earth elements. Firstly, the synthesis of the corresponding amidine [(S)‐HNEBA] is described. Amine elimination reactions of (S)‐HNEBA with [Ln{N(SiMe3)2}3] [Ln = Y (1), Sm (2), Tb (3), Dy (4), Er (5), Yb (6), Lu (7)] gave a series of enantiomerically pure homoleptic rare‐earth metal complexes [Ln{(S)‐NEBA}3]. All complexes have a chiral metal center, but of the two possible diastereomers exclusively that having Λ configuration along the helical axis was formed. The solid‐state structures of all complexes and proligands were established by single‐crystal XRD. The luminescence properties of 2 and 3 and the magnetic properties of 3–6 were investigated.
A conceptual model of supra‐glacial lake formation on debris‐covered glaciers based on GPR facies analysis
Authors: Mertes Jordan R. , Thompson Sarah S. , Booth Adam D. , Gulley Jason D. , Benn Douglas I.
Published: October 2016

Supra‐glacial lakes and ponds can create hotspots of mass loss on debris‐covered glaciers. While much research has been directed at understanding lateral lake expansion, little is known about the rates or processes governing lake deepening. To a large degree, this knowledge gap persists due to sparse observations of lake beds. Here we report on the novel use of ground penetrating radar (GPR) surveys to simultaneously collect supra‐glacial lake bathymetry and bottom composition data from Spillway Lake (surface area of 2.4 × 105 m2; volume of 9.5 × 104 m3), which is located in the terminus region of the Ngozumpa Glacier in the Khumbu region of the Nepal Himalaya. We identified two GPR bottom signals corresponding to two sedimentary facies of (1) sub‐horizontal layered fine sediment drape and (2) coarse blocky diamict. We provide an understanding of the changes in subaqueous debris distribution that occur through stages of lake expansion by combining the GPR results with in situ observations of shoreline deposits matching the interpreted facies. From this, we present an updated conceptual model of supra‐glacial lake evolution, with the addition of data on the evolving debris environment, showing how dominant depositional processes can change as lakes evolve from perched lakes to multi‐basin base‐level lakes and finally onto large moraine‐dammed lakes. Throughout lake evolution, processes such as shoreline steepening, lakebed collapse into voids and conduit interception, subaerial and subaqueous calving and rapid areal expansion alter the spatial distribution and makeup of lakebed debris and sediments forcing a number of positive and negative feedbacks on lake expansion. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Identification of a conserved and acute neurodegeneration‐specific microglial transcriptome in the zebrafish
Authors: Oosterhof Nynke , Holtman Inge R. , Kuil Laura E. , van der Linde Herma C. , Boddeke Erik W.G.M. , Eggen Bart J.L. , van Ham Tjakko J.
Published: October 2016

Microglia are brain resident macrophages important for brain development, connectivity, homeostasis and disease. However, it is still largely unclear how microglia functions and their identity are regulated at the molecular level. Although recent transcriptomic studies have identified genes specifically expressed in microglia, the function of most of these genes in microglia is still unknown. Here, we performed RNA sequencing on microglia acutely isolated from healthy and neurodegenerative zebrafish brains. We found that a large fraction of the mouse microglial signature is conserved in the zebrafish, corroborating the use of zebrafish to help understand microglial genetics in mammals in addition to studying basic microglia biology. Second, our transcriptome analysis of microglia following neuronal ablation suggested primarily a proliferative response of microglia, which we confirmed by immunohistochemistry and in vivo imaging. Together with the recent improvements in genome editing technology in zebrafish, these data offer opportunities to facilitate functional genetic research on microglia in vivo in the healthy as well as in the diseased brain. GLIA 2016;65:138–149
Cell autonomous and noncell‐autonomous role of NF‐κB p50 in astrocyte‐mediated fate specification of adult neural progenitor cells
Authors: Cvijetic Suzana , Bortolotto Valeria , Manfredi Marcello , Ranzato Elia , Marengo Emilio , Salem Rita , Canonico Pier Luigi , Grilli Mariagrazia
Published: October 2016

In previous work, we demonstrated that NF‐κB p50 acts as crucial regulator of adult hippocampal neural progenitor cells (ahNPC). Indeed, NF‐κB p50 knockout (KO) mice are characterized by remarkably reduced hippocampal neurogenesis. As a follow up to that work, herein we show that when cultured in vitro, ahNPC from wild type (WT) and p50KO mice are not significantly different in their neurogenic potential. This observation prompted us to investigate cell‐autonomous and noncell‐autonomous consequences of p50 absence on neuronal fate specification of ahNPC. In particular, we focused our attention on astrocytes, known to provide soluble proneurogenic signals, and investigated the influence of WT and p50KO astrocyte conditioned media (ACM) on WT and p50KO ahNPC differentiation. Interestingly, while WT ACM promoted both neuronal and astroglial differentiations, p50KO ACM only supported astroglial differentiation of WT ahNPC. By using a LC–MS/MS approach, we identified some proteins, which are significantly upregulated in p50KO compared with WT astrocytes. Among them, lipocalin‐2 (LCN‐2) was recognized as a novel astroglial‐derived signal regulating neuronal fate specification of ahNPC. Interestingly, LCN‐2 proneurogenic effect was greatly reduced in p50KO NPC, where LCN‐2 receptor gene expression appeared downregulated. In addition to that, we demonstrated p50KO NPC unresponsiveness to both neuronal and astroglial fate specification signals from WT and p50KO ACM, and we identified a reduced expression of α2δ1, a thrombospondin‐1 receptor, as another phenotypic change occurring in ahNPC in the absence of p50. Altogether, our data suggest that dysregulated NPC‐astrocyte communication may contribute to a reduced hippocampal neurogenesis in p50KO mice in vivo. GLIA 2016 GLIA 2017;65:169–181
REFLECTIVE PRACTICE IN ORGANIZATIONAL LEARNING, CULTURAL SELF‐UNDERSTANDING, AND COMMUNITY SELF‐STRENGTHENING
Authors: Sparrow Joshua
Published: October 2016

The infant mental health field can amplify its effects when it extends its purview beyond the dyad to the larger contexts in which infants and adult caregivers interact and develop over time. Within health, mental health, education, and other human service organizations, the quality of relationships is a critical variable in the individual‐level outcomes that such organizations seek. The goals of this work and the means for accomplishing them are highly dependent on human qualities and interactions that are shaped by organizational processes. In communities, too, processes that shape relationships also strongly influence child‐, family‐, and community‐level outcomes. The Touchpoints approach to reflective practice can guide relational processes among professionals, parents, and infants in organizations and communities that influence these outcomes.
Evaluation of solvation free energies for small molecules with the AMOEBA polarizable force field
Authors: Mohamed Noor Asidah , Bradshaw Richard T. , Essex Jonathan W.
Published: October 2016

The effects of electronic polarization in biomolecular interactions will differ depending on the local dielectric constant of the environment, such as in solvent, DNA, proteins, and membranes. Here the performance of the AMOEBA polarizable force field is evaluated under nonaqueous conditions by calculating the solvation free energies of small molecules in four common organic solvents. Results are compared with experimental data and equivalent simulations performed with the GAFF pairwise‐additive force field. Although AMOEBA results give mean errors close to “chemical accuracy,” GAFF performs surprisingly well, with statistically significantly more accurate results than AMOEBA in some solvents. However, for both models, free energies calculated in chloroform show worst agreement to experiment and individual solutes are consistently poor performers, suggesting non‐potential‐specific errors also contribute to inaccuracy. Scope for the improvement of both potentials remains limited by the lack of high quality experimental data across multiple solvents, particularly those of high dielectric constant. © 2016 The Authors. Journal of Computational Chemistry Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
PERSISTING GENERALIZED ANXIETY DISORDER AND PHYSICAL HEALTH SYMPTOMS 18 MONTHS AFTER THE DEEPWATER HORIZON OIL SPILL: A COMMUNITY SAMPLE
Authors: Varner Sydneyjane , Langhinrichsen‐Rohling Jennifer , Bell Tyler R.
Published: October 2016

Generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) is a subtype of anxiety that often presents in primary care settings and is typically associated with a myriad of somatic complaints. Few studies have investigated the connection between this disorder and physical health symptoms after disasters such as oil spills. This study aims to analyze the relationship between GAD symptomology and physical health symptoms at different levels of exposure 18 months after the Deepwater Horizon oil spill. A community sample was surveyed about their contact with the oil spill, GAD symptoms, and physical health symptoms. Levels of GAD symptomology continued to be elevated above typical prevalence rates in the community at time of assessment. Individuals with direct contact to the oil reported significantly greater levels of GAD and more physical health symptoms than those without direct contact. These significant relationships have important implications in faster identification and treatment of disaster‐related mental and physical health problems.
Toll‐like receptor 4 signalling mediates inflammation in skeletal muscle of patients with chronic kidney disease
Authors: Verzola Daniela , Bonanni Alice , Sofia Antonella , Montecucco Fabrizio , D'Amato Elena , Cademartori Valeria , Parodi Emanuele Luigi , Viazzi Francesca , Venturelli Chiara , Brunori Giuliano , Garibotto Giacomo
Published: October 2016

Background

Inflammation in skeletal muscle is implicated in the pathogenesis of insulin resistance and cachexia but why uremia up‐regulates pro‐inflammatory cytokines is unknown. Toll‐like receptors (TLRs) regulate locally the innate immune responses, but it is unknown whether in chronic kidney disease (CKD) TLR4 muscle signalling is altered. The aim of the study is to investigate whether in CKD muscle, TLRs had abnormal function and may be involved in transcription of pro‐inflammatory cytokine.

Methods

TLR4, phospho‐p65, phospho‐ikBα, tumour necrosis factor (TNF)‐α, phospho p38, Murf 1, and atrogin were studied in skeletal muscle from nondiabetic CKD stage 5 patients (n = 29) and controls (n = 14) by immunohistochemistry, western blot, and RT–PCR. Muscle cell cultures (C2C12) exposed to uremic serum were employed to study TLR4 expression (western blot and RT–PCR) and TLR‐driven signalling. TLR4 signalling was abrogated by a small molecule chemical inhibitor or TLR4 siRNA. Phospho AKT and phospho p38 were evaluated by western blot.

Results

CKD subjects had elevated TLR4 gene and protein expression. Also expression of NFkB, p38 MAPK and the NFkB‐regulated gene TNF‐α was increased. At multivariate analysis, TLR4 protein content was predicted by eGFR and Subjective Global Assessment, suggesting that the progressive decline in renal function and wasting mediate TLR4 activation. In C2C12, uremic serum increased TLR4 as well as TNF‐α and down‐regulated pAkt. These effects were prevented by blockade of TLR4.

Conclusions

CKD promotes muscle inflammation through an up‐regulation of TLR4, which may activate downward inflammatory signals such as TNF‐α and NFkB‐regulated genes.
Diffusion kurtosis imaging for differentiating between the benign and malignant sinonasal lesions
Authors: Jiang Jing Xuan , Tang Zuo Hua , Zhong Yu Feng , Qiang Jin Wei
Published: October 2016

Purpose

The study aimed to evaluate diffusion kurtosis imaging (DKI) in the differentiation between benign and malignant sinonasal lesions, and to compare the diagnostic performance of DKI with diffusion weighted imaging (DWI).

Materials and Methods

Eight‐one patients with solid sinonasal lesions confirmed by surgery and pathology (46 malignant and 35 benign) underwent conventional MRI, DWI, and DKI. DKI was performed employing a 13 extended b‐value ranging from 0 to 2500 s/mm2. Apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) from DWI, kurtosis (K), and diffusion coefficient (D) from DKI were measured and compared between two groups.

Results

ADC and D values were significantly lower in the malignant sinonasal lesions than in the benign sinonasal lesions (1.11 ± 0.41 versus 1.58 ± 0.50 × 10−3 mm2/s and 1.45 ± 0.36 versus 2.03 ± 0.49 × 10−3 mm2/s, respectively, both P < 0001). K value was significantly higher in the malignant lesions than in the benign lesions (0.91 ± 0.23 versus 0.57 ± 0.24, P < 0001). The receiver operating characteristic curve analyses yielded a cutoff ADC value of 1.27 × 10−3 mm2/s for differentiating between benign and malignant lesions, with a sensitivity of 69.6%, a specificity of 77.1% and an accuracy of 74.0%; a cutoff D value of 1.75 × 10−3 mm2/s, with a sensitivity of 82.6%, a specificity of 77.1% and an accuracy of 80.2%; a cutoff K value of 0.63 with a sensitivity of 95.7%, a specificity of 77.1% and an accuracy of 87.7%. The area under the curve of K value was significantly larger than that of ADC value (0.875 versus 0.762; P < 0.05).

Conclusion

K value of DKI demonstrates significantly higher accuracy compared with ADC value for the differentiation between benign and malignant sinonasal lesions. DKI may be a noninvasive method to evaluate the sinonasal lesions.

Level of Evidence: 1

J. MAGN. RESON. IMAGING 2017;45:1446–1454
μ‐Pseudo almost automorphic solutions of abstract fractional integro‐differential neutral equations with an infinite delay
Authors: Hattab Hechmi
Published: October 2016

The aim of this work is to study μ‐pseudo almost automorphic solutions of abstract fractional integro‐differential neutral equations with an infinite delay. Thanks to some restricted hypothesis on the delayed data in the phase space, we ensure the existence of the ergodic component of the desired solution. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Accurate MR thermometry by hyperpolarized 129Xe
Authors: Zhang Le , Burant Alex , McCallister Andrew , Zhao Victor , Koshlap Karl M. , Degan Simone , Antonacci Michael , Branca Rosa Tamara
Published: October 2016

Purpose

To investigate the temperature dependence of the resonance frequency of lipid‐dissolved xenon (LDX) and to assess the accuracy of LDX‐based MR thermometry.

Methods

The chemical shift temperature dependence of water protons, methylene protons, and LDX was measured from samples containing tissues with varying fat contents using a high‐resolution NMR spectrometer. LDX results were then used to acquire relative and absolute temperature maps in vivo and the results were compared with PRF‐based MR thermometry.

Results

The temperature dependence of proton resonance frequency (PRF) is strongly affected by the specific distribution of water and fat. A redistribution of water and fat compartments can reduce the apparent temperature dependence of the water chemical shift from −0.01 ppm/°C to −0.006 ppm, whereas the LDX chemical shift shows a consistent temperature dependence of −0.21 ppm/°C. The use of the methylene protons resonance frequency as internal reference improves the accuracy of LDX‐based MR thermometry, but degrades that of PRF‐based MR thermometry, as microscopic susceptibility gradients affected lipid and water spins differently.

Conclusion

The LDX resonance frequency, with its higher temperature dependence, provides more accurate and precise temperature measurements, both in vitro and in vivo. More importantly, the resonance frequency of nearby methylene protons can be used to extract absolute temperature information. Magn Reson Med 78:1070–1079, 2017. © 2016 International Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine