bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Observations on the Etiology of Involutional Entropion
Authors: Custer Philip L.
Published: December 2024

Purpose:

To review evidence supporting proposed anatomic etiologies of involutional entropion and propose additional potential contributing factors.

Methods:

A literature review was performed to identify publications describing possible etiologies of involutional entropion. The author’s clinical observations and information supporting new proposed causes are presented.

Results:

The frequency of perceived anatomic causes of entropion listed in modern publications include retractor dehiscence (97%), horizontal eyelid laxity (89%), orbicularis override (89%), enophthalmos (33%), tarsal atrophy (16%), and fat prolapse (10%). Evidence suggests attenuation of the retractors is a predominant factor in most patients. Tarsal atrophy, enophthalmos, and fat prolapse likely play a role in some individuals. The eyelid distraction test often shows horizontal margin laxity, although the eyelids typically are not elongated. Poor deep fixation and increased inferior mobility of the lateral canthus may contribute to marginal laxity and predispose patients to entropion. Lateral rectus capsulopalpebral fascia attenuation could lead to this canthal instability and reduced horizontal stability of the tarsal base.

Conclusions:

Various age-related anatomic changes predispose patients to involutional entropion. Findings may vary among individuals. Tarsal atrophy and relative enophthalmos reduce appositional tension between the eyelid and globe. Lower eyelid retractor dehiscence causes poor anterior lamellar fixation and rotary instability of the tarsal base. Orbital fat prolapse may displace the tarsal base and alter orbicularis mechanics. Dysfunction of the lateral rectus capsulopalpebral fascia may contribute to both canthal instability and reduced horizontal tension near the tarsal base. Each patient’s findings should be considered when individualizing surgical repair.
Dermatopathology primer on actinic keratosis, squamous cell carcinoma in situ, and invasive squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Vandergriff Travis
Published: December 2024

Epidermal keratinocytes acquire mutations as a consequence of exposure to ultraviolet radiation, leading to neoplasia. Actinic keratosis, squamous cell carcinoma in situ, and invasive squamous cell carcinoma represent advancing stages of keratinocyte neoplasia.
Food as medicine through the lenses of Food Access, Justice, and Sovereignty
Authors: Gonzalez Norma , Samad Ismail , Thomas Olivia , Rice Jenna , Valdez Rebecca , Burt Katherine
Published: December 2024

Purpose of review

Food as Medicine (FAM) and supplemental nutrition programs like supplemental nutrition assistance program (SNAP), women, infants, and children (WIC), and school meals aim to combat rising diet-related chronic diseases and healthcare costs by addressing poor diet and food insecurity. However, their effectiveness is limited by a lack of community integration in planning, implementation, and evaluation. We introduce the Food Access, Justice, and Sovereignty (FAJS) framework, which expands FAM efforts to address acute food disparity through community-based strategies grounded in justice and sovereignty.

Recent findings

FAM interventions on adult populations have demonstrated a positive impact on food insecurity and its related chronic illness and shows promise for pediatric populations. However, community-driven solutions are essential for shifting power toward greater integration of the lived experiences of community, which can enhance positive behavioral changes needed for greater prevention and management of chronic illness.

Using community driven approaches through the lens of access, justice, and sovereignty address the effects of food insecurity and diet-related chronic diseases for adults and pediatric populations. Through the FAJS Framework, interventionalists can develop sustainable nutrition programs that engender community health, control, and lasting impact.
The combination effect of treadmill exercise and valerian hydroalcoholic extract on the heart of type 2 diabetic rats
Authors: Mirzaei Alireza , Zynivand Mahtab , Karimi Rouzbahani Arian , Moghimian Maryam , Yarimir Samira , Sedighi Mehrnoosh , Ghorbanzadeh Vajihe , Nazari Afshin
Published: December 2024

Objectives:

Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disorder recognized for inducing endothelial dysfunction in coronary arteries. This study aimed to investigate the synergistic effects of valerian hydroalcoholic extract and exercise in diabetic rats.

Methods:

Thirty-five Wistar rats were randomly divided into five groups: control, diabetes, diabetic rats undergoing treadmill exercise, diabetic rats administered valerian extract (200 mg/kg, oral), and diabetic rats receiving a combination of valerian extract and treadmill exercise for 8 weeks. Antioxidants and lipoproteins were assessed via blood sampling at the study’s conclusion. Hemodynamic parameters and the response of the coronary artery bed to constrictors and dilators were evaluated by connecting the heart to a Langendorff device.

Results:

Diabetes was associated with a diminished vascular vasodilator response, which was enhanced by the combined treatment of valerian extract and 8 weeks of exercise. Moreover, elevated levels of glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) were observed in groups receiving both valerian extract and exercise.

Conclusions:

The findings suggest that the combination of treadmill exercise and hydroalcoholic extract may hold promise in managing cardiovascular complications in diabetic patients by leveraging their antioxidant properties.
Supraglottic mucous membrane plasmacytosis: a case report and literature review
Authors: Gillanders Sarah L. , Crotty Thomas J. , O’Neill James P.
Published: December 2024

Introduction:

Mucous membrane plasmacytosis is a rare, inflammatory disorder characterized by polyclonal plasma cells infiltrating the mucosal tissue of the oral cavity, oropharynx, laryngopharynx, or genitalia.

Case presentation:

We present a case of supraglottic plasmacytosis which presented a management challenge due to a complicated past medical history preventing oral steroid administration.

Discussion:

A literature review is conducted to determine alternate treatment options in for this challenging case and others. A discussion of diagnosis, treatment and aftercare follows the case report and literature review.

Conclusion:

This case report illustrates the rare condition of laryngeal mucous membrane plasmacytosis. Application of steroids to the specific site of pathology appears to be a promising management course.
Airway management and ventilation strategy among obese adult patients: a comprehensive review and analysis
Authors: Ayenew Alaye Debas , Melkie Tadese Belayneh , Arefayne Nurhusen Riskey , Degu Zewditu Abdissa , Admassie Belete Muluadam
Published: December 2024

Background:

Difficulties with mask ventilation and intubation are more prevalent in obese patients. Hence, health care practitioners engaged in airway management of obese individuals must exercise particular vigilance and care. Ventilation strategies can potentially have a detrimental impact on postoperative pulmonary function, prolong hospital stays, and increase costs. As a result, the aim of this review was to investigate airway management technique and ventilation strategies in obese adult patients.

Methods:

The PubMed, HINARI, Google Scholar, and Cochrane Review databases were searched using appropriate keywords and search engines for adequate evidence from studies meeting the inclusion criteria to reveal the endpoint, which was ventilation strategy and airway management in adult obese patients. Duplicate entries were eliminated through EndNote software. Screening of literature was conducted with proper appraisal checklist. This review was reported in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analyses 2020 statement.

Results:

The included literature covers a wide range of topics, including preoxygenation, making the patient in a 25° head-up position, use of 10–12cmH2O of positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) and continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) during induction, placing the patient in a ramping posture during intubation, high-flow oxygenation (15 L/min) through the nasopharyngeal airway or nasal cannula during laryngoscopy, using low tidal volume during surgery, a 1:1/1.5:1 I:E ratio, PEEP of 10–20 cmH2O, Fio2 reduced to make SpO2 > 90, pressure-controlled (PC)/volume-controlled (VC) ventilation mode, and recruitment maneuver (RM). Following surgery, it was essential to provide oxygen therapy to maintain preoperative levels, provide CPAP/non-invasive positive pressure ventilation, place patients in semi-sitting positions, and provide thorough postanesthesia care unit monitoring in order to enhance patient outcomes with regard to morbidity and mortality among obese patients. To safely manage and overcome airway challenges in severely obese patients with a suspected difficult airway, awake fiberoptic intubation is recommended.

Conclusions:

Positioning the patient in a head-up position (semi-sitting), utilizing CPAP during preoxygenation, and administering oxygen via nasal cannula during intubation to prolong apnoea time and awake fibrotic for suspected difficult airway. Additionally, selecting appropriate ventilation modes (PC/VC), PEEP + RM, and positions during the intraoperative phase is crucial to improving outcomes in obese surgical patients.
Unmasking pseudopelade of Brocq in male adult: a rare case report
Authors: Usama Bin Shabbir Muhammad , Afridi Faryal , Waheed Aiman , Alvi Rafia , Hamza Gul Muhammad , Wardak Abdul Baseer
Published: December 2024

Introduction and importance:

Pseudopelade of Brocq originally describes asymptomatic, irregularly shaped patches of atrophic hair loss. It designates a rare, idiopathic, slow progressive cicatricial alopecia without evident signs of folliculitis or inflammatory changes. This dermatological disorder still needs further research into its pathogenesis and treatment. We hope this case report provides valuable insight and a significant addition to the research gap as it is common in females but rare in male patients, and serves as a starting point for additional inquiry regarding causal link and epidemiology of disease.

Case presentation:

The authors present a rare case of Pseudopelade of Brocq in a male adult patient. The patient initially presented with progressive hair loss, but later examination revealed multiple atrophic patches of hair loss in the vertex area without any signs of inflammation. Subsequently, the patient was treated with corticosteroids and showed improvement in disease progression.

Discussion:

The pathogenesis of the Pseudopelade of Brocq is not well defined. Diagnosing this clinical entity is challenging due to delayed presentation which leads to increased patient suffering, preventable complications like baldness, and economic burdens.

Conclusion:

Pseudopelade of Brocq is a rare dermatologic manifestation. It is crucial to raise awareness among healthcare professionals regarding its delayed presentation to prevent its long-term complications.
Worldwide research tendency and collaborations on models of necrotizing enterocolitis: bibliometric exploration over the past three decades
Authors: Shu Boshen , Zhang Shufeng , Gao Jian , Wang Lin , Wang Xiaohui
Published: December 2024

Background:

Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) is a devastating disease affecting the gastrointestinal tract in premature infants with high mortality and morbidity. We aimed to analyze the research tendency and collaborations on models of NEC over the past three decades.

Methods:

Bibliometric variables of included articles were retrieved from the Web of Science Core Collection from 1994 to 2023. Visualized studies were performed via VOSviewer software. Statistical analysis was applied by using GraphPad Prism and Microsoft Excel.

Result:

A total of 255 original articles from 17 countries were included in this study. The number of articles increased significantly from 22 (the year 1994-2003) to 161 (the year 2014-2023) (P < 0.0001). Collaborations in regions and countries have increased significantly over time (P < 0.0001). Developed regions contributed most of the research. While rat (56.08%) held the leading position in all types of models, followed by mouse (30.20%), notably, the proportion of mouse model has increased significantly from 4.55% to 41.36%.

Conclusion:

This study might provide valuable insights into the model research of NEC. Research tendency has evolved to be collaborative and inclusive with more collaborations, broad model types, and studies from developing regions. However, the lack of an evident and robust pathophysiology mechanism will continue to make NEC a quite challenging case to decode, and research with strong evidence level and high quality is still required.
Preoperative Assessment for Transmasculine Patients Undergoing Gender-Affirming Hysterectomy
Authors: Rahman Sara , Ferrando Cecile A.
Published: December 2024

Our aim was to assess whether preoperative pelvic ultrasound findings influence the operative plan for gender-affirming hysterectomy. This was a retrospective cohort study of patients who underwent gender-affirming hysterectomy from February 2017 to February 2024. Fifty-seven underwent gender-affirming hysterectomy. Of those, 46 (80.7%) had an ultrasonogram 5 years before surgery. Review of the ultrasound report did not alter the planned conventional laparoscopic surgical approach that was decided on during the preoperative visit. No patients required an intraoperative conversion to another surgical modality. All 57 patients successfully underwent surgery through a conventional laparoscopic approach. This study shows that preoperative ultrasonography did not change management in this small cohort of patients undergoing gender-affirming hysterectomy.
The Pediatric Influence of Cooling Duration on Efficacy in Cardiac Arrest Patients (P-ICECAP): Statistical Methods Planned in the Bayesian, Adaptive, Duration Finding Trial
Authors: VanBuren John M. , Yeatts Sharon D. , Holubkov Richard , Moler Frank W. , Topjian Alexis , Page Kent , Clevenger Robert G. , Meurer William J.
Published: December 2024

Objectives:

To determine the optimal cooling duration for children after out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) using an adaptive Bayesian trial design.

Design:

The Pediatric Influence of Cooling duration on Efficacy in Cardiac Arrest Patients (P-ICECAP) trial is a randomized, response-adaptive duration/dose-finding clinical trial with blinded outcome assessment. Participants are randomized to one of several cooling durations (0, 12, 18, 24, 36, 48, 60, 72, 84, or 96 hr). The first 150 participants are randomized 1:1:1 to 24-, 48-, and 72-hour durations. Response-adaptive randomization is used thereafter to allocate participants based on emerging duration-response data.

Setting:

PICUs.

Patients:

Up to 900 pediatric patients 2 days to younger than 18 years old who have survived OHCA and been admitted to an ICU.

Interventions:

Duration of targeted temperature management using a surface temperature control device.

Measurements and Main Results:

The primary outcome is the Vineland Adaptive Behavior Scales-Third Edition mortality composite score, assessed at 12 months. Secondary outcomes include changes in the Pediatric Cerebral Performance Category and Pediatric Resuscitation after Cardiac Arrest scores, as well as survival at 12 months. Bayesian modeling is employed to evaluate the duration-response curve and determine the optimal cooling duration. The trial is designed to adaptively update randomization probabilities every 10 weeks, maximizing the allocation of participants to potentially optimal cooling durations. Over 90% power is achieved for the hypothesized scenarios.

Conclusions:

The P-ICECAP trial aims to identify the shortest cooling duration that provides the maximum treatment effect for pediatric OHCA patients. The adaptive design allows for flexibility and efficiency in handling various clinical scenarios, potentially transforming pediatric cardiac arrest care by optimizing hypothermia treatment protocols.
Sagittal Split Ramus Osteotomy Without Segmental Fixation in Skeletal Class II
Authors: Narahara Shun , Shido Rena , Koga Takamitsu , Moriuchi Emi , Yamada Tomohiro , Ohba Seigo , Shirota Tatsuo
Published: December 2024

The new orthognathic treatment strategy of non-segmental fixation (non-fix) sagittal split ramus osteotomy (SSRO) with jaw exercise initiation on the second postoperative day, the so-called physiological positioning strategy (PPS), induces good skeletal stability with few temporomandibular joint (TMJ) symptoms after surgery in skeletal class III. This study aimed to clarify whether non-fix SSRO with modified PPS can be applied to skeletal class II. This retrospective study included skeletal class II patients who underwent non-fix SSRO to correct mandibular retrognathia. Jaw exercise was initiated within 10 postoperative days. Cephalometric analyses were performed before (T1), immediately after (T2), and more than 6 months after (T3) surgery. Skeletal and dental stability, and TMJ symptoms were evaluated. Twelve patients (2 men, 10 women; mean age 22.9±7.1 y) were included. The mean mandibular advancement was 6.8±1.8 mm. angle between S-N and N-B. was 73.6±4.5, 77.1±3.9, and 75.1±4.4 degrees at T1, T2, and T3, meaning 60.5% relapse. The Menton moved forward by 6.3 mm from T1 to T2 and relapsed by 4.6 mm at T3. The duration of intermaxillary traction showed a moderate negative correlation with angle between S-N and N-B. relapse (r=−0.42, P=0.1787). Only 2 TMJ symptoms (2/24, 8.3%) developed postoperatively. This study suggests that non-fix SSRO with modified PPS is a suitable method for skeletal class II malocclusion. Further research with a larger sample size and detailed analysis of the effect of intermaxillary traction on skeletal stability after surgery is needed.
Compound Danshen Yeast 1.0
Authors: Li Rongsheng , Wang Jie , Han Yuanyuan , Dai Zhubo
Published: December 2024

Background

Heterologous synthesis presents a promising new approach for accessing the active ingredients of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), contributing to the conservation of natural medicinal resources. Compound Danshen preparation, a widely used TCM formulation, is designed to treat coronary heart disease and angina pectoris. It is primarily composed of Salviae Miltiorrhizae Radix et Rhizoma (Danshen), Notoginseng Radix et Rhizoma (Sanqi), and borneol (Bingpian). Danshen primarily yields tanshinones and phenolic acids, while Sanqi produces notoginsenosides. Borneol serves as an auxiliary agent to promote mental clarity, dissipate heat, and relieve pain.

Objectives

The objective is to employ heterologous synthesis in a single yeast strain to produce the active ingredients of Compound Danshen preparation, and these include notoginsenosides, tanshinones, and borneol.

Methods

Firstly, the “plug-and-play” terpene synthase screening framework in Saccharomyces cerevisiae was used for the identification of a novel, highly efficient bornyl diphosphate synthase. Furthermore, by leveraging the Compound Danshen preparation as a basis to concurrently reconstruct the biosynthetic pathways for the notoginsenoside precursor protopanaxadiol (a triterpene), the tanshinone precursor miltiradiene (a diterpene), and borneol (a monoterpene) within a single yeast strain.

Results

This engineered strain, termed Compound Danshen Yeast 1.0, successfully produced protopanaxadiol at 62.34 mg/L, miltiradiene at 15.38 mg/L, and borneol at 2.54 mg/L in shake-flask fermentation.

Conclusions

This research signifies the inaugural cross-species and multicomponent synthetic biology endeavor that enables the synthesis of active ingredients in engineered cells, setting the stage for the industrial manufacture of TCM compounds.
UTX Epigenetically Imposes a Cytolytic Effector Program in Autoreactive Stem-like CD8+ T cell Progenitors
Authors: Chen Ho-Chung , Wang Hsing Hui , Kohn Lisa A. , Sailer David , Zhang Shirley , McCarthy Ethan , Seyedsadr Maryam , Zhou Zikang , Yin Xihui , Wilkinson Nicole , Ortega Jessica , Lechner Melissa G. , Hugo Willy , Su Maureen A.
Published: December 2024

Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus (T1D) is an autoimmune disease caused by unremitting immune attack on pancreas insulin-producing beta cells. Persistence of the autoimmune response is mediated by TCF1+ Ly108+ progenitor CD8+ T (Tprog) cells, a stem-like population that gives rise to exhausted effectors with limited cytolytic function in chronic virus infection and cancer. What paradoxically drives Tprogconversion to highly cytolytic effectors in T1D, however, remains unclear. Here, we show that the epigenetic regulator UTX controls diabetogenic CD8+ Tprogdifferentiation by poising chromatin for transition to a cytolytic effector state. Indeed, deletion of UTX function in T cells impairs conversion of Tprogto autoimmune effectors and protects mice from spontaneous diabetes, as well as an aggressive form of autoimmune diabetes induced by anti-PD1 cancer immunotherapy. Furthermore, short-term treatment with UTX inhibitor GSKJ4 similarly protects from T1D, highlighting the therapeutic potential of targeting UTX-mediated mechanisms to break unremitting autoimmune responses.
Start&Stop - a PhysiCell and PhysiBoSS 2.0 add-on for interactive simulation control
Authors: Smeriglio Riccardo , Bardini Roberta , Savino Alessandro , Di Carlo Stefano
Published: December 2024

In computational biology,in silicosimulators are vital for exploring and understanding the behavior of complex biological systems. Hybrid multi-level simulators, such asPhysiCellandPhysiBoSS 2.0, integrate multiple layers of biological complexity, providing deeper insights into emergent patterns. However, one key limitation of these simulators is the inability to adjust simulation parameters once they have started, which impedes real-time exploration and adaptation of dynamic protocols—ranging from biofabrication toin vitropharmacological testing. To address this challenge, we introduce theStart&Stopadd-on forPhysiCell, which is automatically adaptable toPhysiBoSS 2.0. This add-on offers multi-level state preservation and multi-modal stop control—triggered by simulation time or cell conditions—enabling users to pause a simulation, adjust parameters, and then resume from the exact halted state. We validateStart&Stopusing a well-establishedPhysiBoSS 2.0tumor spheroid 3T3 mouse fibroblasts use case under tumor necrosis factor (TNF) stimulation, demonstrating that it preserves the simulator’s original behavior while enabling interactive, real-time configuration changes that facilitate the exploration of diverse and adaptive treatment strategies. By enhancing flexibility and user interaction,Start&StopmakesPhysiCellandPhysiBoSS 2.0more akin to realin vitroscenarios, thus expanding the range of potential simulations and advancing more effective protocol development in a variety of applications.
Single-port laparoscopic surgery for sigmoid colon cancer: a novel surgical strategy based on “peritoneal dome”
Authors: Qijun Lv , Jin Tang , Pengcheng Ye , Jun Shen , Qinyuan Wang , Jingjing Chen , Hongshen Huang , Hailin Gan , Junyi Li , Ruijie Lin , Yuhang Liu , Shoujiang Wei
Published: December 2024

Aims

This study aimed to introduce a novel ‘peritoneal dome’ strategy for single-port laparoscopic surgery in patients with sigmoid colon cancer and to evaluate the feasibility and safety of this approach.

Methods

A total of 12 patients at the affiliated hospital of North Sichuan Medical College from January 2022 to August 2024 were enrolled. All procedures were performed by the same surgical team. By collecting and analyzing the demographic information, clinical characteristics, surgical outcomes and postoperative recovery indicators of this group of patients, the short-term efficacy and safety of this surgical strategy were preliminarily studied.

Results

The median age of patients was 72 years (range, 58-81), with a median body mass index (BMI) of 25.8 kg/m2(range, 22–31.2). Most patients had underlying respiratory conditions, particularly chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) (80%). All patients successfully completed the single-port laparoscopic surgery without conversion to laparotomy. The median of the total operating time was 98.80 minutes. The mean arterial carbon dioxide pressure (PaCO2) during the extraperitoneal phase was significantly lower (32.5 mmHg) compared to the intraperitoneal phase (47.1 mmHg). The median estimated blood loss was 19.20 ml, with no transfusions required and no significant operative complications reported. Pathological analysis revealed that 83.3% of patients had advanced disease (stage III), and the average number of harvested lymph nodes was 18.92. Postoperatively, patients experienced a mean time to ambulation of 1.25 days and a mean hospital stay of 6.17 days. Complications occurred in 33.3% of patients, primarily classified as grade I and II according to the Clavien-Dindo classification. Notably, there were no cases of anastomotic leakage or severe complications.

Conclusion

The single-port laparoscopic surgery based on a “peritoneal dome” supported strategy for sigmoid colon cancer demonstrates effective oncological management with minimal complications and a favorable recovery profile. The results suggest that this technique is a viable option for patients with advanced sigmoid colon cancer, particularly in those with significant comorbidities.
TheChlamydomonas reinhardtiiCLiP2 mutant collection expands genome coverage with high-confidence disrupting alleles
Authors: Lunardon Alice , Patena Weronika , Pacini Cole , Warren-Williams Michelle , Zubak Yuliya , Laudon Matthew , Silflow Carolyn , Lefebvre Paul , Jonikas Martin
Published: December 2024

Chlamydomonas reinhardtii(Chlamydomonas hereafter) is a powerful model organism for studies of photosynthesis, ciliary motility, and other cellular processes [1–4]. The CLiP library of mapped nuclear random insertion mutants [5,6] has accelerated progress for hundreds of laboratories in these fields by providing mutants in genes of interest. However, its value was limited by its modest coverage of the genome with high-confidence disruption alleles (46% of nuclear protein-coding genes with 1+ high-confidence allele in exons/introns; 12% of genes with 3+ alleles in exons/introns). Here we introduce the CLiP2 (Chlamydomonas Library Project 2) library, which greatly expands the number of available mapped high-confidence insertional mutants. The CLiP2 library includes 71,700 strains, covering 79% of nuclear protein-coding genes with 1+ high-confidence allele in exons/introns and 49% of genes with 3+ alleles in exons/introns. The mutants are available to the community via the Chlamydomonas Resource Center.
Low-characteristic-impedance superconducting tadpole resonators in the sub-gigahertz regime
Authors: Rasola Miika , Klaver Samuel , Ma Jian , Singh Priyank , Uusnäkki Tuomas , Suominen Heikki , Möttönen Mikko
Published: December 2024

We demonstrate a simple and versatile resonator design based on a short strip of a typical coplanar waveguide shorted at one end to the ground and shunted at the other end with a large parallel-plate capacitor. Due to the shape of the structure, we coin it the tadpole resonator. The design allows tailoring the characteristic impedance of the resonator to especially suit applications requiring low values. We demonstrate characteristic impedances ranging from Zc=2 to 10Ω and a frequency range from fr=290MHz to 1.1GHz while reaching internal quality factors of order Qint=8.5×103 translating into a loss tangent of tan(δ)=1.2×10−4 for the aluminum oxide used as the dielectric in the parallel-plate capacitor. We conclude that these tadpole resonators are well suited for applications requiring low frequency and low characteristic impedance while maintaining a small footprint on chip. The low characteristic impedance of the tadpole resonator renders it a promising candidate for achieving strong inductive coupling to other microwave components.

Published by the American Physical Society
2024
Assessing frustration in real-world signed networks: A statistical theory of balance
Authors: Gallo Anna , Garlaschelli Diego , Squartini Tiziano
Published: December 2024

According to the so-called strong version of structural balance theory, actors in signed social networks avoid establishing triads with an odd number of negative links. Generalizing, the weak version of balance theory allows for nodes to be partitioned into any number of blocks with positive internal links, mutually connected by negative links. If this prescription is interpreted rigidly, i.e., without allowing for statistical noise in the observed link signs, then most real graphs will appear to require a larger number of blocks than the actual one, or even to violate both versions of the theory. This might lead to conclusions invoking even more relaxed notions of balance. Here, after rephrasing structural balance theory in statistically testable terms, we propose an inference scheme to unambiguously assess whether a real-world signed graph is balanced. We find that the proposed statistical balance theory leads to interpretations that are quite different from those derived from the current deterministic versions of the theory.

Published by the American Physical Society
2024
Towards improved accuracy of Hirshfeld atom refinement with an alternative electron density partition
Authors: Chodkiewicz Michał , Woźniak Krzysztof
Published: December 2024

Hirshfeld atom refinement (HAR) is generally the chosen method for obtaining accurate hydrogen atom parameters from X-ray diffraction data. Still, determination can prove challenging, especially in the case of atomic displacement parameters (ADPs). We demonstrate that such a situation can occur when the ADP values of the bonding partner of the hydrogen atom are not determined accurately. Atomic electron densities partially overlap and inaccuracies in the bonding neighbour ADPs can be partially compensated for with modifications to the hydrogen ADPs. We introduce a modified version of the original Hirshfeld partition: the exponential Hirshfeld partition, parameterized with an adjustable parameter (n) to allow control of the overlap level of the atomic electron densities which, for n = 1, is equivalent to the Hirshfeld partition. The accuracy of the HAR-like procedure using the new partition (expHAR) was tested on a set of organic structures using B3LYP and MP2 electron densities. Applying expHAR improved the hydrogen atom parameters in the majority of the structures (compared with HAR), especially in cases with the highest deviations from the reference neutron values. X—H bond lengths and hydrogen ADPs improved for 9/10 of the structures for B3LYP-based refinement and 8/9 for MP2-based refinement when the ADPs were compared with a newly introduced scale-independent similarity measure.
Selective acceleration and inhibition of crystal growth of glass carbamazepine by low-concentration poly(ethylene oxide):effects of drug polymorph
Authors: Tian Chongchong , Zhang Qi , Xu Jia , Shi Qin
Published: December 2024

Drug polymorphism attracts considerable interest within the pharmaceutical field. Herein, we investigate the impact of low-concentration poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) on the crystal growth of carbamazepine (CBZ) polymorphs in the glassy state. The addition of 3%(w/w) PEO increases 5.3-fold the bulk crystal growth rates of CBZ form III and 36.7-fold of form IV at 40°C (T
g −11°C). However, the same content of PEO exhibits a negligible effect on the bulk crystal growth of form I. In addition, the effects of PEO on the crystal growth of the CBZ polymorph at the free surface are also explored. In the presence of 3%(w/w) PEO, surface growth rates of forms III and IV of CBZ are accelerated by 4.7-fold and 3.1-fold, respectively. For comparison, the same content of PEO exhibits an unexpected inhibitory effect on the surface growth rates of form I. Molecular-dynamic simulations attribute these polymorph-dependent effects of PEO mainly to the polymer enrichment at the interface and different crystal surface polymer interactions. This study is relevant for understanding the crystallization of amorphous pharmaceutical solids containing polymorphic drugs.
A computationally efficient quasi-harmonic study of ice polymorphs using the FFLUX force field
Authors: Pák Alexandra , Brown Matthew L. , Popelier Paul L. A.
Published: December 2024

FFLUX is a multipolar machine-learned force field that uses Gaussian process regression models trained on data from quantum chemical topology calculations. It offers an efficient way of predicting both lattice and free energies of polymorphs, allowing their stability to be assessed at finite temperatures. Here the Ih, II and XV phases of ice are studied, building on previous work on formamide crystals and liquid water. A Gaussian process regression model of the water monomer was trained, achieving sub-kJ mol−1 accuracy. The model was then employed in simulations with a Lennard-Jones potential to represent intermolecular repulsion and dispersion. Lattice constants of the FFLUX-optimized crystal structures were comparable with those calculated by PBE+D3, with FFLUX calculations estimated to be 103–105 times faster. Lattice dynamics calculations were performed on each phase, with ices Ih and XV found to be dynamically stable through phonon dispersion curves. However, ice II was incorrectly identified as unstable due to the non-bonded potential used, with a new phase (labelled here as II′ and to our knowledge not found experimentally) identified as more stable. This new phase was also found to be dynamically stable using density functional theory but, unlike in FFLUX calculations, II remained the more stable phase. Finally, Gibbs free energies were accessed through the quasi-harmonic approximation for the first time using FFLUX, allowing thermodynamic stability to be assessed at different temperatures and pressures through the construction of a phase diagram.
Financial literacy and its determinants of self-employed workers in the Ghanaian economy
Authors: Ofori Edmond
Published: December 2024

Purpose

The main purpose of this study was to investigate the level of financial literacy and its determinants among self-employed workers in the Ghanaian economy.

Design/methodology/approach

The study used a non-random sampling technique known as quota sampling for the purpose of selecting respondents from the targeted population. The study used an instrumental variable Tobit regression model to investigate the determinants of financial literacy among self-employed workers in the Ghanaian economy.

Findings

The study found that the level of financial literacy of the self-employed workers in the Ghanaian economy is low. The study also revealed that financial knowledge, financial attitude, financial behaviour, education and age have a statistically significant influence on financial literacy.

Practical implications

This paper indicates that the level of financial literacy of the self-employed workers in the Ghanaian economy is low and requires self-employed workers in Ghana to attend workshops and do short courses in finance, banking and economics organised by experts in those areas to increase their level of financial literacy.

Originality/value

Limited research exists on the level of financial literacy and its determinants among self-employed workers in developing countries. Therefore, I conducted this study to address the research gap in financial literacy by examining the level of financial literacy and the various factors that impact the financial literacy of self-employed workers in Ghana.
Improving gender responsiveness of the cassava value chain in sub-Saharan Africa: the role of CSR in Nigeria’s oil-producing region
Authors: Uduji Joseph Ikechukwu , Okolo-Obasi Nduka Vitalis Elda , Uduji Joy Ukamaka , Emengini Emeka Steve , Odoh Longinus Chukwudi , Okoro Deborah Patience , Okafor Chikodili Nkiruka
Published: December 2024

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to critically examine the multinational oil companies’ (MOCs) corporate social responsibility (CSR) initiatives in Nigeria. Its special focus is to investigate the impact of the global memorandum of understanding (GMoU) on improving gender responsiveness of the cassava value chain (CVC) in the Niger Delta region of Nigeria.

Design/methodology/approach

This paper adopts a survey research technique, aimed at gathering information from a representative sample of the population, as it is essentially cross-sectional, describing and interpreting the current situation. A total of 780 rural women respondents were sampled across the Niger Delta region.

Findings

The results from the use of a combined logit model and propensity score matching indicate that CSR of the MOCs using the GMoU model has recorded little but significant success in enhancing rural women’s participation in the CVC in the Niger Delta.

Practical implications

This implies that if CSR interventions are not tailored to enhance opportunities for women, they may contribute towards reducing the participation of women in economic, political and social development and, by extension, damping efforts of reducing poverty and achieving sustainable development goals (SDGs) in the Niger Delta.

Social implications

This suggests that MOCs’ CSR interventions in the CVC should consider gender relations to benefit men and women and alleviate household poverty.

Originality/value

This research contributes to the inequality debate in the agrifood value chain and inclusive growth literature from the CSR perspective in developing countries and the rationale for demand for social projects by host communities. It concludes that businesses has an obligation to help in solving problems of public concern.
The effect of brand authenticity on brand loyalty in the frozen food industry: findings from PLS-SEM and fsQCA
Authors: Shahzad Saqib , Li Shan , Sarwar Adnan
Published: December 2024

Purpose

This study aims to investigate the effect of brand authenticity on consumer brand loyalty in the Pakistani frozen food industry sector in the light of the stimulus-organism-response (SOR) theory.

Design/methodology/approach

The quantitative approach utilized a survey questionnaire to acquire customers’ perceptions. A simple random technique was used to collect data. About 255 questionnaires were analysed, and the response rate was 72.86%. The measurement and structural model were constructed through Smart PLS-4 and fsQCA.

Findings

The findings indicated that brand authenticity positively affects brand loyalty in the Pakistani frozen food industry. Results further proved that brand involvement has a full mediation effect, fsQCA supports the same results, and customer satisfaction has a partial mediation effect. These findings offer valuable insights into the frozen food industry in Pakistan and other countries, allowing them to create successful tactics to engage customers and foster brand loyalty. The findings reveal the complexity and ever-changing nature of how consumers assess brand authenticity in the frozen food industry.

Practical implications

These findings also have implications for the frozen food business’s marketing and brand positioning strategies, particularly its utilization of brand authenticity to attract and retain consumers.

Originality/value

This is the first paper in the frozen food sector from the perspective of brand authenticity.
Drivers, inhibiting factors and facilitating factors influencing purchase intention of suboptimal foods among Taiwanese consumers
Authors: Chen Mei-Fang
Published: December 2024

Purpose

To elucidate the factors influencing suboptimal food (SF) purchase intention among Taiwanese consumers, this study extended the theory of planned behaviour (TPB) model by incorporating driving factors that encourage purchasing of SFs, that is, incorporating food waste awareness and personal norms. The inhibiting moderator of health consciousness and facilitating moderator of price consciousness were also considered.

Design/methodology/approach

A total of 305 online questionnaire responses were analysed. Moderated regression analysis was performed to test the hypotheses proposed in this study.

Findings

Consumer attitudes toward purchasing SFs and perceived behavioural control as well as their food waste awareness and personal norms are determinants of their SF purchase intention. Health consciousness inhibits SF purchase intention, and price consciousness promotes SF purchase intention. In addition, the moderating effect of health consciousness reverses the positive relationship between personal norms and SF purchase intention, turning the relationship negative. However, the moderating effect of price consciousness strengthens the positive relationship between personal norms and SF purchase intention.

Originality/value

In addition to extending the TPB model, this study considered the main effects and moderating effects of health consciousness and price consciousness on consumers’ intention to purchase SF. The research findings contribute to the understanding of the relevant factors that influence Taiwanese consumers’ SF purchase intention. The study also outlines the implications of its findings in terms of encouraging consumers to purchase SFs to reduce food waste.
Attitudes of millennials toward corporate responsibility: a 28-society multilevel analysis
Authors: Terpstra Tong Jane L.Y. , Ralston David A. , Furrer Olivier , Karam Charlotte M. , Egri Carolyn Patricia , Richards Malika , Dabić Marina , Reynaud Emmanuelle , Fu Pingping , Palmer Ian , Srinivasan Narasimhan , de la Garza Carranza Maria Teresa , Butt Arif , Ruiz-Gutiérrez Jaime , Lee Chay Hoon , Naoumova Irina , Moon Yong-Lin , Pla-Barber Jose , Molteni Mario , Kuo Min Hsu , Casado Tania , Sidani Yusuf M. , Mockaitis Audra , Milton Laurie , Zatorska Luiza , Ho Beng Chia , Gelbuda Modestas , Alas Ruth , Danis Wade
Published: December 2024

Purpose

We examined the attitudes of millennial-aged business students toward economic, social and environmental corporate responsibility (CR). Currently, these individuals are of an age that they have entered the workforce and are now ascending or have ascended into roles of leadership in which they have decision-making power that influences their company’s CR agenda and implementation. Thus, following the ecological systems perspective, we tested both the macro influence of cultural values (survival/self-expression and traditional/secular-rational values) and structural forces (income inequality, welfare socialism and environmental vulnerability) on these individuals’ attitudes toward CR.

Design/methodology/approach

This is a multilevel study of 3,572 millennial-aged students from 28 Asian, American, Australasian and European societies. We analyzed the data collected in 2003–2009 using hierarchical linear modeling.

Findings

In our multilevel analyses, we found that survival/self-expression values were negatively related to economic CR and positively related to social CR while traditional/secular-rational values was negatively related to social CR. We also found that welfare socialism was positively related to environmental CR but negatively related to economic CR while environmental vulnerability was not related to any CR. Lastly, income equality was positively related to social CR but not economic or environment responsibilities. In sum, we found that both culture-based and structure-based macro factors, to varying extents, shape the attitudes of millennial-aged students on CR in our sample.

Originality/value

Our study is grounded in the ecological systems theory framework, combined with research on culture, politico-economics and environmental studies. This provides a multidisciplinary perspective for evaluating and investigating the impact that societal (macro-level) factors have on shaping attitudes toward businesses’ engagement in economic, social and environmental responsibility activities. Additionally, our multilevel research design allows for more precise findings compared to a single-level, country-by-country assessment.
Examining the roles of shared responsibility, perceived identifiability, workplace spirituality and work engagement in employee performance
Authors: Aftab Junaid , Sarwar Huma , Abid Nabila , Ishaq Muhammad Ishtiaq , Aftab Fahad
Published: December 2024

Purpose

The severity of global competition and vast hostile challenges is compelling the information and communications technology (ICT) industry to focus on internal organizational factors to excel in performance. This study investigates the influence of shared responsibility, perceived identifiability and workplace spirituality on employees’ performance through work engagement. In addition, the moderating influence of work orientation on the relationships between shared responsibility, perceived identifiability and workplace spirituality with employee performance was also investigated.

Design/methodology/approach

Time-lagged and multisource data were acquired from 267 followers and their 69 immediate supervisors/managers of ICT firms. Structural equation modeling was employed to analyze the data.

Findings

The findings reveal that the impact of shared responsibilities, perceived identifiability and workplace spirituality on performance (e.g. extra-role and in-role) is mediated by work engagement. Additionally, the positive association of perceived identifiability and workplace spirituality with work engagement is more pronounced when work orientation is high, indicating a positive moderation of work orientation.

Originality/value

This is among the initial studies that examine the impact of shared responsibility, perceived identifiability and workplace spirituality on overall employee performance through work engagement. The moderation of work orientation in these proposed relationships has not been previously examined. This study suggests novel theoretical and managerial implications for the ICT industry based on the results.
Understanding e-retailer characteristics and post-purchase behaviour: moderating role of confirmation
Authors: Sai Vijay Tata , Prashar Sanjeev , Singh Shiwangi
Published: December 2024

Purpose

Existing studies have focused on shoppers’ characteristics, highlighting a gap in research in terms of considering e-retailers’ characteristics. Accordingly, this study aims to map e-retailer characteristics and their effect on (a) satisfaction and regret and (b) the intentions to write a review and repurchase intention. Moreover, this research also explores the role of confirmation as a moderator.

Design/methodology/approach

The present paper utilises a hierarchical regression technique and structured equation modelling to test the conceptual framework with 400 responses. The hypotheses were tested with shoppers of two leading e-commerce firms, namely Amazon and Flipkart.

Findings

This study highlights several differences in the characteristics of e-retailers and their impact on buyers’ satisfaction and regret. Furthermore, a few discrepancies are observed in the case of shoppers’ post-purchase behavioural intentions to write reviews and repurchase intention.

Originality/value

Based on the findings, the research presents implications for e-retailers, including Amazon and Flipkart.