bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Examining Factors that Influence Harumanis Farmers’ Intention to Use Safe Pesticides
Authors: Pahang Josephine Tening , Nasirun Noraini , Mohd Nor Khairun Nisaa' , Anuar Hasni Hasmira , Saputra Didin Hadi
Published: July 2021

Harumanis demands delicate handling and farmers must know how to use safe pesticides. Therefore, the aim of this study is to examine factors influencing the use of safe pesticide among Harumanis farmers in Mata Ayer, Perlis. The Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) was used to underpin this study. This study suggests that attitude, subjective norm, perceived behavioral control, knowledge and moral norm as the variables that influence the use of safe pesticides. Data were collected from 97 registered Harumanis farmers under Department of Agriculture (DOA) Malaysia through questionnaires. SmartPLS was used to test the hypotheses in this study. The results showed that attitude, moral norm and knowledge had positive effects on the intention to use safe pesticides. Moreover, subjective norm and perceived behavioral control exhibited insignificant effect on the dependent variable. The results provide helpful information to the stakeholders in the Harumanis industry, from which they could develop and improve appropriate strategies and provide essential assistance to the Harumanis farmers.
Marketing Research Trends: Issues and Research Direction
Authors: Osuagwu Linus
Published: July 2021

Marketing research is the systematic and objective conceptualization of a marketing problem, and the consequent collection, analysis, interpretation and reporting of data and information in order to clarify the marketing problem and/or solve it. It has both theoretical and practical forms of importance, with varying trends in issues, methods and practices.  This paper examines salient marketing research trend issues and proposes a research direction in business organizations which will help to provide relevant theoretical and practical insights and opportunities.
Upgrading of Packed Distilation Column Using a Mathematical Model for a Multicomponent Mixture Separation
Authors:   Kazan State Energy University, Laptev A. G. , Gilyazov A. D.  . ,   IVC "Injekhim" LLC, Kazan, Lapteva E. A. ,   Kazan State Energy University
Published: July 2021

The scientific and technical problem of mathematical modeling and calculation of separation of hydrocarbon mixtures in industrial columns with chaotic and regular nozzles is solved. Multicomponent transfer is calculated using a matrix of volumetric mass transfer coefficients, and the reverse (longitudinal) mixing of steam and liquid flows by Pekle numbers with back-mixing coefficients. The task of developing options for upgrading the stabilization column of the oil and gas condensate mixture at an oil refinery is considered. Calculated profiles of concentrations of key components in the mixture are presented. The required height of the nozzle layer has been determined. After upgrading the column with a new nozzle, a stable mode of operation of the unit is provided in the specified range of loads and the composition of the mixture. We also solved the problem of designing two industrial columns in the technological scheme for the separation of benzene from stable condensate (gasoline fraction). As a result of calculations based on a mathematical model, the operating and structural characteristics of columns with the use of chaotic metal nozzles "Injekhim-2012"were established.
Method of Fuels and Lubricants Performance Properties Requirements Management
Authors:   The 25th State Research Institute of Himmotology, Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation, Pimenov Yu. M. , Ulit’ko A. V. ,   The 25th State Research Institute of Himmotology, Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation, Sereda V. A. ,   The 25th State Research Institute of Himmotology, Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation
Published: July 2021

The cost-effective method of fuels and lubricants performance properties requirements management is proposed. Method ensures effectiveness enhancement of equipment and of fuels and lubricants life cycles; it includes requirements establishment (constructing of conceptual and empirical models of requirements), their quantitative expression through highly informative indicators of fuels and lubricants propensity for transformations, then approbation with the use of laboratory, bench and test stands tests, specification, assessment of realization in real world equipment operational conditions, effectiveness evaluation and modification of requirements. Some illustrations of application of the new method phases with regards to motor fuels and hydraulic fluid are provided.
Crystallization and Structural Solidification of Paraffins in Various Solvents
Authors:   Kuban State Agrarian University Named after I. T. Trubilin, Aleksandrovа Е. А. , Aleksandrov B. L. ,   Kuban State Agrarian University Named after I. T. Trubilin, Khadisova Zh. T. ,   Grozny State Oil Technical University Named after academic M. D. Millionshchikov, Akhmadova Kh. Kh. ,   Grozny State Oil Technical University Named after academic M. D. Millionshchikov, Makhmudova L. Sh. ,   Grozny State Oil Technical University Named after academic M. D. Millionshchikov
Published: July 2021

The temperatures of the beginning of crystallization and solidification of solutions of petroleum and synthetic paraffins of different concentrations in nonpolar and weakly polar hydrocarbon solvents of different composition and viscosity are studied. It is shown that paraffins of different origin and hydrocarbon composition, with similar melting points, have slightly different crystallization temperatures аnd solidification in this solvent. The temperature range between the temperatures of the beginning of crystallization and solidification of the studied paraffin solutions is established.
Rational Use of Natural Gas Differential Pressure Energy
Authors:   Kuban State Technological University, Kholod N. V. , Kholod V. V., ,   Kuban State Technological University, Kiriy, V. A. ,   Kuban State Technological University, Yasyan Yu. P. ,   Kuban State Technological University
Published: July 2021

As part of PJSC Gazprom's energy-saving policy of increasing energy efficiency of subsidiaries and organizations through the use of innovative technologies and energy equipment, the expediency of replacing throttling devices used for low pressure gas treatment (fuel, starting gas) for own needs of gas treatment units for transportation (GTP) with expander unit was considered. The proposed method of fuel gas preparation will make it possible to generate an additional amount of environmentally clean, "green" energy, thereby reducing operating costs and increasing the energy efficiency of the entire plant. The article presents a comparative analysis of the isoenthalpic and isoentropic gas expansion using different devices. The presented gas expansion models are performed in the specialized chemical engineering systems modeling software HYSYS (AspenTech) and allow to estimate the pressure drop energy.
Synthesis and Investigation of Physicochemical Properties and Mechanical Strength of Natural Aluminosilicate Nanotubes Based Supports for Hydroprocesses Catalysts
Authors:   National University of Oil and Gas «Gubkin University», Demikhova N. R. , Poplavskiy A. V. ,   National University of Oil and Gas «Gubkin University», Reshetina M. V. ,   National University of Oil and Gas «Gubkin University», Boev S. S. ,   National University of Oil and Gas «Gubkin University», Pimerzina А. О. , Vutolkina А. V. ,   National University of Oil and Gas «Gubkin University»,   M. V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Pimerzin А. А. ,   National University of Oil and Gas «Gubkin University»,   Samara State Technical University, Glotov А. P. ,   National University of Oil and Gas «Gubkin University»
Published: July 2021

Supports based on aluminosilicate halloysite nanotubes and alumina of different contents for hydroprocessing catalysts were synthesized and their textural characteristics and acidic properties were investigated. It was shown that the mechanical strength of the support pellets based on aluminosilicate nanotubes and alumina are comparable or superior to those for industrial analogs.
Review of Recent Research on Grease
Authors:   All-Russian Research Institute of Oil Refining, JSC «VNII NP», Antonov S. A. ,   National University of Oil and Gas «Gubkin University», Bartko R. V. ,   All-Russian Research Institute of Oil Refining, JSC «VNII NP», Nikulshin P. A. ,   All-Russian Research Institute of Oil Refining, JSC «VNII NP»,   National University of Oil and Gas «Gubkin University», Kilyakova A. Yu. ,   National University of Oil and Gas «Gubkin University», Tonkonogov B. P. ,   National University of Oil and Gas «Gubkin University», Danilov А. M. ,   All-Russian Research Institute of Oil Refining, JSC «VNII NP»
Published: July 2021

Based on the analysis of scientific, technical, and patent literature, the main directions of the development of greases are described: super-alkaline calcium greases for highly loaded friction units, research into the possibilities of nanosized particles as additives to multifunctional greases, and the production of low-temperature greases on biodegradable polyester bases.
Thermal Polycondensation Process and Oil Furnace Production
Authors:   D. I. Mendeleev Russian University of Chemical Technology, Mikhailets N. R. , Sinitsin S. A. ,   D. I. Mendeleev Russian University of Chemical Technology, Danilov E. A. ,   JSC “Scientific Research Institute of Graphite-Based Structural Materials “NIIgrafit”
Published: July 2021

The article discusses the methods of obtaining petroleum pitch of thermal polycondensation. The main attention is paid to the characteristics of petroleum pitch, its properties, its comparison with coal-tar pitch, the advantages of petroleum pitch in comparison to coal-tar pitch, the processes of production of petroleum pitch by thermal polycondensation are given. Three promising technologies for the production of petroleum pitch have been identified: thermal polycondensation of cracking residue, high-temperature thermal polycondensation of petroleum feedstock and thermal polycondensation of pyrolysis resin according to a two-stage scheme. Methods of obtaining petroleum pitch in laboratory conditions, such as thermal polycondensation under pressure and heat treatment under reduced pressure, are presented. The urgency and feasibility of developments for the creation of petroleum pitch and the introduction of thermopoly-condensation processes in Russia is emphasized.
Improving the Operational Safety of Process Pipelines for Hydrocarbon Processing Units
Authors:   Ufa State Petroleum Technical University, Branch of the University in the City of Salavat, Bashirov M. G. , Bashirova E. M. ,   Ufa State Petroleum Technical University, Branch of the University in the City of Salavat, Yusupova. I. G. ,   Ufa State Petroleum Technical University, Branch of the University in the City of Salavat
Published: July 2021

The current state of ensuring the operational safety of technological pipelines of plants for the processing of hydrocarbon raw materials, the reasons for their failures, which can be accompanied by explosions and fires, the formation of mixtures that have a toxic effect on people and the environment. Insufficient efficiency of the methods and means for assessing their technical state, which are aimed at identifying already developed defects, the need to identify incipient defects in the metal structure against the background of a stress-strain state, are shown. It is proposed to use the transfer function, a dynamic mathematical model of the controlled object, reflecting its operational properties, when assessing the technical condition and resource of technological pipelines. The operational properties of the pipeline are expressed through the mechanical, acoustic, magnetic and electrical properties of the material, which change with a change in the stress-strain state of the pipeline, the initiation and development of damage. Thus, the transfer function makes it possible to assess the current technical condition of the pipeline.
Some Regularities of Thermocontact Pyrolysis of Propane
Authors:   Ufa State Petroleum Technical University, Branch of the University in the City of Salavat, Khasanov R. G. , Zakharov N. M. ,   Ufa State Petroleum Technical University, Branch of the University in the City of Salavat, Gaziev. R. R. ,   Ufa State Petroleum Technical University, Branch of the University in the City of Salavat
Published: July 2021

To compare the equilibrium yields of pyrolysis products and real kinetic data, studies on the thermal contact pyrolysis of propane were carried out. To determine the equilibrium yields of pyrolysis products, the method of minimizing the energy of the system was used, the advantage of which is the need to know only the initial and final composition of the components of the reaction system. The possibility of predicting the yields of propane pyrolysis products using calculated equilibrium thermodynamic yields is shown. It is shown that the accuracy of the calculated data depends on the pyrogas components formed during pyrolysis specified at the beginning of the calculation. It is established that the actual concentrations of pyrolysis products in the pyrogas can be both higher and lower than the calculated equilibrium concentrations, which will only indicate that the equilibrium state of the system is reached or not reached during the process. This method can be used for pyrolysis of other hydrocarbons for the purpose of preliminary assessment of the maximum possible yields of products during the process.
Study of Dependence of Softening Point on Mesophase Content of Petroleum Pitches from Heavy Pyrolysis Resin and Decantoil
Authors:   Ufa State Petroleum Technical University, Branch of the University in the City of Salavat, Kugatov P. V. , Zhirnov B. S. ,   Ufa State Petroleum Technical University, Branch of the University in the City of Salavat, Eremenko A. E. ,   Ufa State Petroleum Technical University, Branch of the University in the City of Salavat
Published: July 2021

Samples of petroleum pitches were obtained from heavy pyrolysis resin and decantoil (heavy gas-oil of catalytic cracking) by thermal polycondensation at atmospheric pressure, temperatures of 380–400 and 410–440°С (for resin and decantoil, respectively) and isothermal holding time of 30–480 min. Analysis of the dependence of the softening point on the mesophase content for the obtained samples showed that at the same mesophase content, decantoil pitches exhibit a lower softening point compared to pyrolysis resin pitches, for which, even at 30 % mesophase, the softening point approaches 300°C. This suggests that it is impossible to obtain pitch from pyrolysis resin with high mesophase content without preliminary preparation (for example, by hydrogenation). On the other hand, it has been shown that for pitches from decantoil, it is possible to isolate the mesophase up to 65% or more with a softening point not higher than 250°C.
Investigation of the Kinetic Regularities of the Interaction of Petroleum Coke with Phosphogypsum to Calcium Sulfide
Authors:   Ufa State Petroleum Technical University, Branch of the University in the City of Salavat, Suslikov A. V. , Zhirnov B. S. ,   Ufa State Petroleum Technical University, Branch of the University in the City of Salavat, Murtazin F. R. ,   Ufa State Petroleum Technical University, Branch of the University in the City of Salavat
Published: July 2021

This study describes the research results of petroleum coke (carbon) and phosphogypsum reaction and the methods used for the above. Stoichiometric petroleum coke and phosphogypsum mixtures were prepared for the study. The coke was cut and screened with particle size distribution of 0.25-0.315 mm and dried at 110 °С temperature. The phosphogypsum sample was also cut and screened with the same particle size and was pre-heated within the 100-200 °С range up to permanent mass. The weighed samples were heated within 900 till 1000 °С, the range being typical to one of reaction stages between coke and phosphogypsum, i.e. the decomposition reaction with the products of calcium sulfide and carbon dioxide. The extend and rate of samples conversion and their time correlations were obtained for the number of reaction temperatures. Reaction rate constant and activating energy were calculated based on this correlations results.
Determination of the Strength Characteristics of Bituminous-Mineral Mixtures
Authors:   Ufa State Petroleum Technical University, Branch of the University in the City of Salavat, Evdokimova N. G. , Egorova N. A. ,   Ufa State Petroleum Technical University, Branch of the University in the City of Salavat, Luneva N. N. ,   Ufa State Petroleum Technical University, Branch of the University in the City of Salavat
Published: July 2021

The paper presents the results of the development and testing of a laboratory method for determining the strength characteristics of bitumen-mineral mixtures on the Lintel PK-21-01 strength meter. The conditions for testing the strength of bitumen-mineral mixtures are selected. The dependence between the bitumen adhesion index and the compressive strength of samples of bitumen-mineral mixtures based on it, determined according to the developed method, is shown. A decrease in the strength and adhesive properties of the binder was found with an increase in the content of the DST-30-01 polymer in bitumen. It is proposed to evaluate the possibility of performing research for the development of new types of bitumen products, to develop various production technologies and to select the optimal parameters for its production on the basis of standardized methods of testing bitumen and the developed methodology for determining the strength characteristics of bitumen-mineral mixtures.
桥梁检测质量控制与检测技术应用研究
Authors: 李 倩
Published: July 2021

当前，由于社会经济水平的显著提升，地区之间的经济往来和文化交流日益频繁，因此对交通工程行业的需求逐渐增长。为了保证交通工程能够满足日益增长的发展需要，就需要对交通工程中的“生命线”——桥梁工程的质量进行全面的把控，积极展开桥梁检测工作，从根本上保证交通工程的质量。本篇文章主要围绕桥梁工程检测质量控制和检测技术的实践运用展开全面深入的研究分析，旨在为我国未来的桥梁工程建设发展提供参考。
浅析5G移动通信技术下的物联网时代
Authors: 杨 睿杰
Published: July 2021

近年来，在多方面利好因素的影响下，我国科学技术水平得到了显著的提升，从而有效的推动了移动通信技术的良好发展。5G移动通信技术是现如今最为先进的一种通信技术，其是在4G技术的基础上的创新，与4G技术相对比来说，5G移动通信技术在信息数据的传递效率和稳定性方面更加的优秀。5G移动通信技术的发展为人类社会发展起到了积极的推动作用，并且也是我国移动通信技术未来发展的主流趋势。
高速公路养护基地智能化管控设计及实现路径研究
Authors: 杨 杰 , 刘 刚 , 陈 贝 , 李 包
Published: July 2021

此文为了解决高速公路养护基地生产存在的智能化配置较低、功能落后等问题。以苏北路网养护基地为主要调研对象，对苏南地区养护基地智能化管控现状和运用程度进行调研，以养护基地生产流程为主线，分析养护基地智能化的需求。根据养护基地智能化存在的问题和需求分析，搭建养护基地智能化系统架构，并确定各智能化子系统的实现路径。
论电气自动化工程在工业生产中的应用
Authors: 杨 光
Published: July 2021

近些年来电气自动化工程在工业生产中得到了广泛的应用，例如水泥生产设备、钢铁企业布袋除尘设备、高炉及转炉系统、矿槽除尘设备、上料设备等。将电气自动化工程应用到工业生产过程中可以得到良好的使用效果，进一步促进工业行业发展。
Retirement Age: One size does not fit all
Authors:   Universidade Nova de Lisboa, NOVA School of Business and Economics, Portugal, Rego Margarida
Published: July 2021

The European population is aging and, by 2050, Portugal will face a most alarming scenario, with an old-age dependency ratio — i.e. the number of individuals aged 65 or older as a share of the active age population — above 65%, almost double the figure for 2016. Portugal has already undertaken measures to improve the financial resilience of the pension system, but still lacks a better understanding of its social sustainability. We resort to the Survey of Health, Aging and Retirement in Europe (SHARE) to study individual heterogeneity on pension preferences and find that poor health and unemployment are, together with age and the length of the contributory career, key elements to understand early retirement, while late retirement is associated with higher income. Identifying socioeconomic groups with incentives to deviate from the statutory retirement age is crucial to policy makers currently debating the retirement age in Portugal.
Caring for non-self-sufficient older people in Italy: from a familistic system to the immigrant live-in careworker model
Authors:   Department of Sociology and Social Research, University of Milano Bicocca, Italy, Facchini Carla
Published: July 2021

The aim of the article is to describe the specificities of the aging phenomenon in Italy and the social policies for non/self-sufficient elderly people, highlighting both the change from a model that relied heavily on a family system to a model based on co-resident immigrant workers to care for the elderly, and the contradictions of this new model. While in Italy the percentage of older people and very older is the highest in Europe, social policies for them involve a limited offer of home and residential services and widespread allowances. At the same time, in Italy, the rise of the aging population has been intertwined with the transformation of family structures, the increase of female employment, the lower capacity of families to take care of their non-self-sufficient relatives, and the improvement of older people’s economic conditions. Due to these changes, a new care model has been established in the past two decades, based on the employment of live-in caregivers, usually immigrant women, so-called ‘badanti’, who are hired and paid by the caretakers and their family. This model has led both caregivers and caretakers to experience a double dependency and a double solitude, which question its sustainability and the familistic nature of the system. This paper presents both demographic and economic data from institutional sources, and the regulatory framework on social policies, and, finally, the data that emerge from various research on immigration.
Territories of Frailty: Aging and Public Policy – A Project of Continuing Education
Authors:   Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São Paulo, Brasil, Côrte Beltrina , Brandão Vera ,   Núcleo de Estudo e Pesquisa do Envelhecimento, Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São Paulo, Brasil
Published: July 2021

In the contemporary world, the progressive aging of the population is both a major achievement and a huge challenge for developing countries, especially when it relates to public policies for the elderly. The scenario is particularly worrying in peri-urban spaces, which we call “territories of fragility”, in which multiple deficiencies overlap — basic sanitation, housing, accessibility, education and health — those aspects coupled with the disruption of community ties, negatively impact the aging process. In this article, we analyze the previously presented scenario through the results of a continued education project that had as students 420 professionals that currently work in the Secretariat of Social Assistance of the city of São Paulo (Brazil). The aim of the project was the improvement of the work in the social assistance services network, especially the ones that are a part of the basic social protection, aimed at the most vulnerable part of the population. The use of professional-centered training methodology takes into account what happens in the field, it is based on daily problems, on the perception of skills and abilities, on the challenges and opportunities given by occupied spaces, in a dialogical and critical perspective. In other words, the result was a collection of 420 “first-hand” narratives that unveils a reality that is the opposite of what was expected. For the enrichment of the reflection, we present the commitments to this educational process — through the narratives of teachers and supervisors — in the work of recognizing the action field, the difficulties and achievements in the implementation of the project, and in practice with the groups. Content analysis indicates, in the complexity of the narrative, how all individuals that were a part of the project overcame life-work challenges and articulated knowledge about the aging process in territories of fragility.
Aging in Place, Envelhecimento em Casa e na Comunidade em Portugal
Authors:   Centro de Estudos de Desenvolvimento Humano, Faculdade de Educação e Psicologia, Universidade Católica Portuguesa, Portugal, Fonseca António
Published: July 2021

Aging in place means the ability to continue living at home and in the community over time, safely and independently. The promotion and enhancement of aging modalities at home and in the community is a model of social intervention currently favored by the World Health Organization as people get older (WHO, 2015). In this article we present the main data resulting from the collection and systematization of about eighty local initiatives, exploring how the concept of aging in place is operationalized in Portugal by public, private and associative entities. The initiatives identified are spread across the country and fall into twelve categories: support for caregivers; fight against isolation; gerotechnologies; home support; day and social centres; social intervention; leisure and learning; housing and physical spaces; health, nutrition and physical activity; safety; mobility; and psychological well-being. While some initiatives make more sense in a particular social context, others can be replicated anywhere, essentially because of their universal objectives, such as combating isolation or promoting mobility. All in all, we are looking at a good set of examples of what can be done locally to make it easier for people who so desire to grow old at home and in the surrounding community, thereby preserving their identity and ensuring a sense of continuity in its life cycle.
Aging in Place in Portugal
Authors:   Research Centre for Human Development, Faculty of Education and Psychology, Universidade Católica Portuguesa, Portugal, Fonseca António
Published: July 2021

Aging in place means the ability to continue living at home and in the community over time, safely and independently. The promotion and enhancement of aging modalities at home and in the community is a model of social intervention currently favored by the World Health Organization as people get older (WHO, 2015). In this article we present the main data resulting from the collection and systematization of about eighty local initiatives, exploring how the concept of aging in place is operationalized in Portugal by public, private and associative entities. The initiatives identified are spread across the country and fall into twelve categories: support for caregivers; fight against isolation; gerotechnologies; home support; day and social centres; social intervention; leisure and learning; housing and physical spaces; health, nutrition and physical activity; safety; mobility; and psychological well-being. While some initiatives make more sense in a particular social context, others can be replicated anywhere, essentially because of their universal objectives, such as combating isolation or promoting mobility. All in all, we are looking at a good set of examples of what can be done locally to make it easier for people who so desire to grow old at home and in the surrounding community, thereby preserving their identity and ensuring a sense of continuity in its life cycle.
Personnes âgées, technologies numériques et rupture du lien social: risques de l’exclusion ou leurres de l’inclusion?
Authors:   l’Institut de Gérontologie Sociale, France, Pitaud Philippe
Published: July 2021

When you are old in France in 2019, you do not have to be living on the street to be excluded or even feel excluded from a society that is increasingly turning its back on some of its members, because of the digital revolution imposed on citizens. In fact, faced with the excessive digitization advocated by governing bodies and other technocrats, which is rising speedily like a Tsunami, the elderly, often single women and/or widows belonging to underprivileged categories of society, generally with little or no education, and even less awareness in terms of management of minimal IT practices, are already or will soon find themselves on the sidelines of this type of modernization, which has nothing inclusive about it. A few local actors in the social and medico-social field and rights activists are already sounding the alarm and raising the voices of anguish in defense of these elderly people who no longer know how to cope with the dehumanization of public services: “I am 78 years old, I have a very small pension, no computer and anyway, I do not know how to do anything. So, it is annoying now because I have to get help and I do not know people who can help me. I am going to have to go there. It is a long way from home, I have to wait a long time and I am tired. And then you must be sure that there will be someone there!”. Aware of this dynamic of exclusion that is currently taking place and because we have been collecting the signs of this disarray for months, aggravated by isolation and loneliness, our action-research approach aims in the long run to implement counter-actions that aim to offset the harmful effects induced by the digital transition on the social life of the elderly, while seeking to free them from the negative confinement into which their inability to manage this transition by themselves has insidiously led them. It is these changes in the aspects of the most fragile of human existences that are at the heart of our approach as researchers-practitioners, as well as of our actions; acting like a mild buffer against the inhumanity of the system that is inexorably set up when a robot signals to you: “You have exceeded the deadline [note that this word contains the word ‘dead’] for the submission of your file on the lambda portal and therefore the administration can no longer do anything for you.”. There is no doubt that this is an immediate field of action for public policies, particularly in the fight against the digital exclusion of older citizens. For the time being, as always, in France, associations and humanitarian actors compensate for this absence of public authority with their limited means, but such a situation cannot last without in the long term seriously affecting societal balance and the moral principles of social justice, such as access to rights for all.
The Elderly, Digital Technologies and the Breakdown of Social Ties: Risks of Exclusion or Lures of Inclusion?
Authors:   l’Institut de Gérontologie Sociale, France, Pitaud Philippe
Published: July 2021

When you are old in France in 2019, you do not have to be living on the street to be excluded or even feel excluded from a society that is increasingly turning its back on some of its members, because of the digital revolution imposed on citizens. In fact, faced with the excessive digitization advocated by governing bodies and other technocrats, which is rising speedily like a Tsunami, the elderly, often single women and/or widows belonging to underprivileged categories of society, generally with little or no education, and even less awareness in terms of management of minimal IT practices, are already or will soon find themselves on the sidelines of this type of modernization, which has nothing inclusive about it. A few local actors in the social and medico-social field and rights activists are already sounding the alarm and raising the voices of anguish in defense of these elderly people who no longer know how to cope with the dehumanization of public services: “I am 78 years old, I have a very small pension, no computer and anyway, I do not know how to do anything. So, it is annoying now because I have to get help and I do not know people who can help me. I am going to have to go there. It is a long way from home, I have to wait a long time and I am tired. And then you must be sure that there will be someone there!”. Aware of this dynamic of exclusion that is currently taking place and because we have been collecting the signs of this disarray for months, aggravated by isolation and loneliness, our action-research approach aims in the long run to implement counter-actions that aim to offset the harmful effects induced by the digital transition on the social life of the elderly, while seeking to free them from the negative confinement into which their inability to manage this transition by themselves has insidiously led them. It is these changes in the aspects of the most fragile of human existences that are at the heart of our approach as researchers-practitioners, as well as of our actions; acting like a mild buffer against the inhumanity of the system that is inexorably set up when a robot signals to you: “You have exceeded the deadline [note that this word contains the word ‘dead’] for the submission of your file on the lambda portal and therefore the administration can no longer do anything for you.”. There is no doubt that this is an immediate field of action for public policies, particularly in the fight against the digital exclusion of older citizens. For the time being, as always, in France, associations and humanitarian actors compensate for this absence of public authority with their limited means, but such a situation cannot last without in the long term seriously affecting societal balance and the moral principles of social justice, such as access to rights for all.
German pension and labour market reforms and the potential rise of social inequality amongst older workers and pensioners
Authors:   University of Applied Sciences Niederrhein, Germany, Heß Moritz , Bauknecht Jürgen ,   University of Applied Sciences Koblenz, Germany, Naegele Gerhard ,   TU Dortmund University, Germany, Stiemke Philipp ,   Institute of Gerontology, TU Dortmund University, Germany
Published: July 2021

Policymakers in all European countries have implemented reforms aimed at delaying retirement and extending working lives mainly to mitigate financial pressure on public pay-asyou-go pension systems and to increase the supply of skilled labour. This could be a reason for an increase of older workers’ labour force participation. This increase was particularly strong in Germany. In the paper at hand, we will answer two research questions: i) how can this steep increase in German older workers’ employment rate be explained? Furthermore, and related to this: ii) have policies for longer working lives fostered inequality? We base our analysis on an extensive literature review and descriptive data analysis. We conclude that the rise of the employment rate of older workers in Germany has several causes. First, the German labour market has performed very well, so that the policy debate has shifted from unemployment to a lack of (skilled) labour. Second, there is a strong increase of female labour market participation. Third, due to cohort effects, today’s older workers are healthier and better skilled than their predecessors. Finally, the pension and labour market reforms aimed at delaying retirement had an effect. However, we also find that lowskilled and low-income workers increasingly have to delay their retirement due to financial reasons. It seems that social inequalities in the retirement transition are increasing in Germany.
Propuesta para conciliar el trabajo y la familia en una compañía del sector automotriz
Authors: Sanguña Carrera Katherine Lorena , Santillán Marroquín Washington Edy
Published: July 2021

Para lograr una auténtica conciliación entre el trabajo y la vida familiar se requiere de una gran dosis de disciplina, planificación y organización en los dos sistemas (laboral-familiar) para que no exista un desequilibrio que afecte por un lado, la psiquis del trabajador y por otro, la productividad en su lugar de trabajo, les sugerimos algunas directrices y orientaciones para lograr este propósito que nos lleva a la investigación. Objetivo. Generar buenas prácticas, laborales y familiares utilizando herramientas prácticas para lograr conciliación y calidad de vida en el trabajo y en las familias de los trabajadores de la compañía. Metodología. El presente proyecto tiene una metodología descriptiva y analítica, que genera información cuantitativa y cualitativa, el cual busca “especificar las propiedades, las características y los perfiles de personas, grupos, comunidades, procesos, objetos o cualquier otro fenómeno relacionado con el tema, es decir, miden, evalúan  o recolectan datos sobre diversos conceptos (variables), aspectos, dimensiones o componentes del fenómeno a investigar”. Resultados. La muestra final estuvo conformada por 35 personas que laboran en una empresa automotriz. Los trabajadores tienen un alto grado de escolaridad, un 17,50% consideran que tienen un horario flexible, terminan su jornada laboral el 51% de los trabajadores entre las 18:30 y 19:00 horas, alrededor del 90% del personal cree que se debe separar los temas de trabajo y la vida familiar;finalmente, la empresa promueve algunas prácticas para fomentar dicha conciliación entre el trabajo y la vida familiar. Conclusión. Las prácticas que debería mejorarse en la empresa van enfocadas a la flexibilidad de horarios, teletrabajo, remuneraciones, planes de carrera, junto a las vacaciones a tiempo y permisos oportunos para atender temas familiares.
Study of Von Neumann Abelian Regular Rings
Authors: Asadujjaman Md , Alam Sharmin , Ruman Umme , Islam Shamima
Published: July 2021

This paper is concerned with the basic properties of a class of regular rings of some "classical" type. Abelian regular rings are, however, a more indirect concept, in that a nontrivial theorem is required to show that strongly regular rings are actually regular. For this reason, we view abelianness as the more natural property. We first collect a number of equivalent characterizations of abelian regular rings, before proving that "abelian regular" is equivalent to "strongly regular".

GUB JOURNAL OF SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING, Vol 7, Dec 2020 P 14-20
Association between Serum Ferritin and Iron Parameters with Preeclampsia and its Association with Perinatal Outcome
Authors: Ghosh Lipika , Afrooz Rowshan , Chowdhury Saleha Begum , Gani Osman , Khatun Rokhshana
Published: July 2021

Background & objective: To see the relationship between preeclampsia and iron parameters (serum iron, serum ferritin and total iron binding capacity).

Methods: The present case-control study was carried out in the Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, Dhaka Medical College Hospital (DMCH), Dhaka in collaboration with the Department of Biochemistry, BSMMU, Dhaka over a period of 1 year from July 2012 to June 2013 Pregnant women with preeclampsia admitted in the above-mentioned hospital were considered as case, while the pregnant women without preeclampsia were included as control. A total of 60 women-31 cases and 29 controls were purposively included in the study. The exposure variables were serum ferritin, serum iron and total iron binding capacity (TIBC), while the outcome variable was preeclampsia. The serum iron level > 100 μg/L was considered as hyperferritenemia.

Result: Nearly two-thirds of the women were in their 2nd decades of life belonged to lower socioeconomic class. The body mass index was also fairly comparable between the groups with most women having normal BMI. No significant difference was observed between the groups with respect to obstetric variables as well. Level of haemoglobin and hematocrit were also identically distributed between groups. The result showed that a significantly higher proportion (35.5%) preeclamptic women had elevated serum ferritin (> 100 μg/L) as opposed to 10.3% of the control group (p = 0.021). The risk of developing raised serum ferritin in women with preeclampsia was estimated to be 4-fold (95% CI =1.2 – 19.4) higher than that in the normal pregnant women. Analyses also revealed that women with severe preeclampsia had a higher mean serum ferritin (207.3 ± 44.1 ng/ml) than the women with mild preeclampsia (41.7 ± 2.7) and an even higher level compared with the normal pregnant women (21.7 ± 1.4 μg/ml) (p = 0.001). Similar result was observed in serum iron with greater the severity, higher is the level of serum iron (p = 0.067). Conversely, the serum total iron binding capacity (TIBC) was decreased with severity of preeclampsia (p = 0.058).

Conclusion: The study concluded that women with preeclamsia might be associated with higher serum ferritin, higher serum iron and lower serum TIBC although it is not known whether the rise in serum ferritin and serum iron precedes or contributes to the clinical manifestations of preeclampsia.

Ibrahim Card Med J 2017; 7 (1&2): 64-69
Evaluation of Cardiac Remodeling After Surgical Closure of Atrial Septal Defect in Different Age Groups
Authors: Saklayen SMG , Zahan Laila Akter , Ahmad Jubayer , Wadud Mohammad Armane , Monalisa Tarana Fariah , Hoque Rezwanul , Khalilullah Ibrahim
Published: July 2021

Background & objective: Cardiac remodeling manifested clinically as changes in size, shape and function of the heart. The extent of remodeling depends on initial morphological changes. So the time at which the surgical correction of atrial septal defect (ASD) done is important. Apparently surgical outcome and remodeling is better at earlier age in comparison to adult age. The aim of this study was to find whether surgical correction of ASD is beneficial at younger age (up to 18 years) in comparison to adult age (above 18 years).

Methods: This prospective cohort study was carried out on a total of 70 patients who underwent surgical closure of atrial septal defect over a period of twenty three months (23) months (from February 2013 to December 2014) in the Department of Cardiac Surgery, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University, Dhaka. The recruited patients were divided into two groups – Group-A (comprised of ≤ 18 years old patients) and Group-B (comprised of >18 years old patients) 35 patients in each. Condition of the heart was evaluated preoperatively by echocardiography and the result was compared with postoperative echocardiographic findings at follow-ups after 1 and 3 months after surgery.

Results: The comparison of echocardiographic parameters between baseline (preoperative) and those at 1 and 3 months after surgery in Group-A demonstrated that statistically significant remodeling occurred after 1st month (p < 0.001) and it further improved at 3 months. In Group-B the comparison of echo parameters between baseline and at 1 month revealed that all the parameters responded significantly indicating that remodeling occurred well after 1 month. But the same parameters when compared between baseline and at months after repair revealed insignificant differences in all the parameters, except PWT indicating that remodeling that occurred at month 1 regressed at 3 months interval. Cardiac remodeling occurred in both groups, but the degree of remodeling between patients of early age (Group-A) and late age (Group-B) revealed that ASD repair at early age responded well with respect to all the echocardiographic variables of remodeling.

Conclusion: Cardiac remodeling occurs after surgical closure of atrial septal defect. But the degree of remodeling is better if the closure is done at earlier age (at or below 18 years).

Ibrahim Card Med J 2018; 8 (1&2): 48-52
Impact of Cell-phone on Human Health: A Systematic Review of Literatures
Authors: Amin Md Nurul , Islam Md Sultan Ul , Haque Md Jawadul
Published: July 2021

The growth of communication technology in the last two decades has given the world a new look.With the blessings of digital technology, we can now communicate to any parts of the world with just a touch over the screen of our smart phone. Mobile phone hasnow become an indispensable part of our life.But, biological effects of radio-frequency electromagnetic fields (EMF) transmitted by mobile phones are still a matter of public and scientific debate. Countries accross the world are now getting concerned about the impact of mobiles on human health and environment.Radiofrequency waves generated from mobile phones cause potential public health problems. Short-term effects like changes in sleep, heart rate, and blood pressure, and long-term effects like carcinoma (particularly glioma) are well-documented. International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) published cancer risks from Radiofrequency(RF) radiation. Human epidemiological studies gave evidence of increased risk for glioma and acoustic neuroma. Further epidemiological, animal and mechanistic studies have strengthened the association. Besides, the carcinogenic effect of non-ionizing radiation emitted from cordless digital devices, numerous health effects have already been claimed to occur. Faced with this context, scientific community and legislative bodies are raising voice for the reduction of RF-EMF exposure to the safe limit for human health and environment. The RF exposure restriction guideline used by many agencies was established in 1998 by the International Commission on Non-Ionizing Radiation Protection (ICNIRP) and was based only on established short-term thermal (heating) effects from RF radiation neglecting non-thermal biological effects. The present study is, therefore, intended to review the literatures relating mobile phone and Wi-fito human health in order to make the scientific community updated on the association between mobile phone use and human health.

Ibrahim Card Med J 2018; 8 (1&2): 53-65
Long-Term Survival Outcomes after Coronary Artery Revascularization Surgery of Bangladeshi Population: A Single Centre Study
Authors: Karim Rezaul , Siraj Masoom , Amin Md Nurul , Rashid Mohammad Abdur , Gomes Hemanta I , Amin Naziat Shahrin , Cader F Aaysha , Uddin Md Jamal
Published: July 2021

Background & objective : Coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) surgery has given symptomatic and structural release of coronary atherosclerotic heart disease. CABG has been performed frequently for more than 30 years in Bangladesh. But there are no nationwide studies on the rate of survival in Bangladesh. The present study was undertaken to find the post CABG surgery survival outcomes and association between risk factors and survival over long time span.

Methods: We studied 650 consecutive patients’ post-operative clinical data retrospectively and survival outcome data were collected prospectively who had CABG surgery from 2010 to 2015 in Ibrahim Cardiac Hospital & Research Institute. Of the 650 patients, 84(12.9%) died after a median follow up of 4.9 years. Demographic, clinical, operative and postoperative characteristics were then compared between survived and died patients to find the factors associated with survival.

Result: Analysis revealed that younger patients were more likely to survive [RR = 1.1(95% CI = 1.0-1.2)] longer than those who have had their CABG at or > 55 years (p = 0.001). Males generally had a higher likelihood of survival [RR = 1.1(RR = 1.1(95% CI = 0.9-1.2)] than their female counterparts (p = 0.038). Non-diabetics tend to have a better survival [RR = 2.3(95% CI = 1.3-3.9)] than diabetics (p = 0.001). Non-smokers also have a higher chance of longer survival [RR = 1.5(95% CI = 0.9-2.2)] than the smokers. CABG patients without CKD enjoyed longer survival [RR = 1.4(95% CI = 0.9-2.2)] than CABG patients with CKD (p = 0.006). None of the operative and postoperative factors but hospital stay was associated with longer survival. The survived patients had a shorter mean hospital stay than the patients who died (p = 0.001). Analyses of the causes of death revealed heart disease to be the predominant cause (38%) followed by stroke (12%), CKD (8%) and other causes like cancer, liver disease etc. (42%).

Conclusion: Younger, male, non-smoker, non-diabetic patients may enjoy long-term survival following CABG surgery. Prediction of long-term survival can be used to determine the most appropriate post-discharge care strategies. This would undoubtedly help both patients and doctors to implement behavioral and therapeutic modifications to optimize benefit from surgery.

Ibrahim Card Med J 2019; 9 (1&2): 8-15