bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Теоретичні основи розвитку економічних відносин між країнами в умовах транснаціоналізації світової економіки
Authors: Prysvitla O. V.
Published: January 2017

Узагальнено теоретичні основи розвитку економічних відносин між країнами під впливом діяльності ТНК, обґрунтовано необхідність формування стратегії підтримки національних корпорацій в контексті забезпечення інноваційного розвитку країн з перехідною економікою.
Pengaruh Status Identitas terhadap Orientasi Masa Depan Area Pekerjaan
Authors: Sari Novita , Tarsono Tarsono , Kurniadewi Elisa
Published: January 2017

Based on the observation of the researcher, the lack of future orientation amongst students, particularly in the area of career, led by  deciding on study program was not deliberately when enroll in the university.  The research intended to obtain empirical data on the effect of the identity status on future orientation of the work area among students of the psychology program. The method used correlation study. The results showed that there was a significant influence of the identity status on the future orientation in working area. R square (R2) was 0.314, it meant 31.4% of the variation of the future orientation in working area influenced by the identity status. Three of the four identity statuses have a significant influence, namely the identity of achievement, the diffuse, and the moratorium. In despite there was correlation between foreclosure identity with future-orientation in working area  however there was not significant effect.
Strategi Self-Regulated Learning untuk Menurunkan Tingkat Prokrastinasi Akademik Siswa
Authors: Ulum Muhammad Iqbalul
Published: January 2017

Academic procrastination is a behavior that should be avoided by students because it would give a bad influence, especially the academic achievement. One of the factors that lead to academic procrastination is lack of self-regulation in learning. Therefore, it is necessary for students to have self-regulated learning. This research aimed to test the self-regulated learning strategy to reduce the level of academic procrastination XI grade student of SMAN 1 Ngamprah of the academic year 2015/2016 West Bandung Regency. The method used is a quasi-experimental nonequivalent (pretest and posttest) control group design. Sampling was done by using purposive sampling technique. Instrument used is The Academic Procrastination State Inventory (APSI) developed by Henri C. Schouwenburg. The sample are 68 students whereas devided into experiment and control group. Data analyzed using the Mann-Whitney test. Result shows that self-regulated learning are effective for lowering the level of academic procrastination.
Keseimbangan Relasi Orang Tua–Remaja sebagai Prediktor Kejelasan Orientasi Masa Depan Pendidikan
Authors: Sakinah Awit Marwati
Published: January 2017

Future orientation is formed as a result of interaction with the environment one of them teenage parents. The study aims to determine the effect balance relationship patterns of parent-adolescent to the orientation of future education in adolescents of Bandung city. The analysis technique used is the correlation analysis and logistic regression. The study use cluster sampling to obtain a sample of 358 students. The results showed that the balance relations on the dimensions of adaptability and cohesion have a greater influence on the clarity of the future orientation of youth education in Bandung. Balance relationship patterns of parent-adolescent balance has possibility of 16.181 times more clearly educational future compared with the balance of relationship patterns of parent-adolescent unbalance. Balance relationship patterns of parent-adolescent has possibility of 2.088  times more clearly educational future compared with the balance of relationship patterns of parent- adolescent to mid range category.
O longo e o curto prazo na aprendizagem da matemática
Authors: Vergnaud Gérard
Published: January 2017

"Longo prazo" refere-se a uma perspectiva de desenvolvimento: entre as primeiras competências adquiridas pelas crianças pequenas, aos cinco e seis anos, e aquelas adquiridas por apenas uma parte dos adolescentes de quinze anos, numerosas etapas e processos, filiações e rupturas são observadas. "Curto prazo" refere-se a situações suscetíveis de serem utilmente propostas aos alunos em um ou outro momento de seu desenvolvimento em função das competências já adquiridas ou parcialmente adquiridas, como também ao acompanhamento que delas o professor faz para facilitar e guiar aquele processo de aquisição. As estruturas aditivas, por exemplo, fornecem diversos casos em que certa categoria de raciocínio e a escolha de uma operação de adição ou de subtração são nitidamente mais delicadas do que em outros casos. Isto exige um arranjo específico, uma ajuda significativa do adulto e, eventualmente, uma representação simbólica original. O mesmo acontece com as estruturas multiplicativas, a geometria, a álgebra, e em outros domínios, afastados da matemática, como o da moral ou da compreensão de textos. O presente artigo limita-se a esse respeito ao exemplo da aprendizagem da matemática.
BULLYING E SUAS DIMENSÕES PSICOLÓGICAS EM ADOLESCENTES
Authors: R.P. Tognetta Luciene , Avilés Martínez José Mª , Rosário Pedro
Published: January 2017

Abstract.Understanding the psychological mechanisms acting in shares of specific violence, such as bullying, constitutes an important step in the educational interventions that promote moral education objectified by educational institutions. In this sense, the current research aimed to relate bullying to representations of self and the ways in which the subject is self regulating to choose justifications for their commitments or moral disengagements in situations where bullying is present. The results indicate that subjects whose self-representations are individualistic also present more morally disengaged and more likely to be perpetrators in bullying situations, showing how little their identities incorporate moral values. It thus appears that more than a social problem, the issues of coexistence should be treated under the moral point of view.Keywords: bullying; self-representations; school violence; ethics; moral disengagements.Resumo.Compreender os mecanismos psicológicos atuantes em ações de violência específica, como o bullying, constitui-se um importante passo para as intervenções educacionais que promovam a formação moral objetivada pelas instituições de cunho educativo. Nesse sentido, a investigação atual teve como objetivos relacionar o bullying às representações de si e às formas pelas quais os sujeitos se autorregulam para escolher justificativas para seus engajamentos ou desengajamentos morais em situações em que o bullying esteja presente. Os resultados indicam que sujeitos cujas representações de si são individualistas também se apresentam mais desengajados moralmente e mais propensos a serem autores em situações de bullying, denotando o quanto suas identidades pouco incorporam valores morais. Constata-se assim que mais do que um problema social, as questões de convivência devem ser tratadas sob o ponto de vista moral.Palavras-chave: bullying; representações de si; violência na escola; ética; desengajamentos morais.
UN ESTUDIO DE LAS ACTITUDES LINGÜÍSTICAS EN LOS ESCOLARES DE CATALUÑA
Authors: Janés Judit , Lanos Adelina , Poalelungi Carmen , González-Riaño Xosé-Antón
Published: January 2017

Abstract.A STUDY ON THE LANGUAGE ATTITUDES OF THE STUDENTS IN CATALONIAThis study arises from the need to encourage positive attitudes toward the languages spoken in Catalonia among immigrant students, in order to promote their integration and language acquisition. Consequently, we analyzed the language attitudes toward Catalan, Castilian and English of 673 autochthonous and 500 immigrant students enrolled in 10 centers of Compulsory Secondary Education (CSE) in Catalonia. The results show that both groups manifested significantly different attitudinal patterns. These differences probably reflect the various meanings and representations granted to the official languages ??of the territory by the autochthonous and immigrant students. Catalan was highly valued by the autochthonous group, which showed more favorable attitudes toward this language than toward all others, and also attitudes more favorable than those of the immigrant students. Moreover, immigrant students showed a clear preference for Castilian. Furthermore, attitudes towards English were also positive, possibly reflecting its role as an international lingua franca. Consequently, these results suggest that the particularities of the immigrant students should be taken into consideration when planning and implementing linguistic and educational measures.Keywords: language attitudes, immigration, origin, CataloniaResumen.El presente estudio surge de la necesidad de fomentar actitudes positivas hacia las lenguas habladas en Cataluña por parte de los estudiantes inmigrantes, con la finalidad de promover su integración y la adquisición del lenguaje. En este sentido, hemos analizado las actitudes hacia el catalán, castellano e inglés de 673 estudiantes autóctonos y 500 de origen inmigrante matriculados en 10 Institutos de Educación Secundaria Obligatoria (ESO) en Cataluña. Los resultados muestran que los dos grupos manifiestan patrones actitudinales significativamente distintos. Dichas diferencias, probablemente, reflejan los diversos significados y representaciones concedidos a las lenguas oficiales del territorio por parte del alumnado autóctono e inmigrante. El catalán fue altamente valorado por el colectivo autóctono, cuyas actitudes hacia dicha lengua fueron más favorables que hacia las demás, así como más positivas que las de los alumnos inmigrantes. Por otra parte, los alumnos inmigrantes mostraron una preferencia clara hacia el castellano. Asimismo, las actitudes hacia el inglés también fueron positivas, posiblemente reflejando su papel como lengua franca internacional. Consecuentemente, dichos resultados sugieren que las particularidades del alumnado inmigrante deberían ser consideradas en la planificación e implementación de medidas lingüísticas y educativas.Palabras Clave: actitudes lingüísticas, inmigración, origen, Cataluña
TAREAS PARA CASA, RENDIMIENTO ACADÉMICO E IMPLICACIÓN DE PADRES Y PROFESORES
Authors: Suárez Natalia , Núñez José C. , Vallejo Guillermo , Cerezo Rebeca , Regueiro Bibiana , Rosário Pedro
Published: January 2017

Abstract.HOMEWORK, ACADEMIC ACHIEVEMENT AND PARENTAL AND TEACHERS’ INVOLVEMENTHomework (HW) is one of the most common school activities among parents, students and teachers. However, the need to assign HW to students has been extensively debated. Although there exist arguments use of HW in academic settings, such as when Time magazine, in 1999, warned that HW could disturb students and their families routines, opinions towards HW are primarily favorable; the use of HW is supported by numerous authors and is acknowledged as an indicator of successful schools and students. Doing HW is aimed at improving students’ study skills and their attitudes towards future work, as well as teaching students that learning takes place both inside and outside of the school setting. Moreover, those who favor assigning of HW argue that doing HW improves students’ academic achievement and fosters their autonomy once they are stimulated to self-regulate their study behavior responsibly.Keywords: homework, academic achievement, parental involvement, teachers involvement.Resumen.Las Tareas para Casa (TPC), en el ámbito anglosajón “homework” y en el español denominadas “deberes escolares”, constituyen una de las actividades más rutinarias del ámbito escolar y es por ello que forman parte de la realidad cotidiana de alumnos y profesores. Pese a su actual presencia en el contexto académico, la necesidad de prescribir TPC a los estudiantes ha sido ampliamente cuestionada a lo largo de los años. Aunque han existido opiniones contrarias a las TPC, como ocurrió cuando la popular revista Time, en 1999, con las TPC como portada, advirtió de que éstas podían suponer una sobrecarga para los alumnos y sus familias (Corno, 1996), parece que ha terminado por imponerse la opinión favorable a ellas, la cual han defendido numerosos autores y en la que se reconocen estas tareas como un indicador de escuelas y alumnos exitosos (Epstein & Van Voorhis, 2001). En concreto, se entiende que la realización de TPC mejora las habilidades de estudio de los alumnos, sus actitudes hacia el trabajo y les enseña que el aprendizaje no sólo se produce dentro de las paredes del colegio (Trautwein, Lüdtke, Schnyder, & Niggli, 2006).Palabras clave: tareas para casa, rendimiento académico, implicación de los padres, implicación de los profesores.
MOTIVACIÓN E IMPLICACIÓN EN LOS DEBERES ESCOLARES: DIFERENCIAS EN FUNCIÓN DEL RENDIMIENTO ACADÉMICO Y DEL CURSO
Authors: Regueiro Bibiana , Pan Irene , Valle Antonio , Núñez José C. , Suárez Natalia , Rosário Pedro
Published: January 2017

Abstract.HOMEWORK MOTIVATION AND INVOLVEMENT THROUGHOUT ELEMENTARY SCHOOLThe current work aims to study and find out any possible variations concerning homework motivation and involvement among students with different achievement levels. The sample consists of 535 students attending the three last year levels of Elementary School. Findings suggest that as achievement grows higher the better the intrinsic homework motivation, the more the perceived homework instrumentality, the bigger the amount of homework completed and the better the homework time management are. However, homework interest, attitude towards homework and time spent on homework show no significant statistic variation relating to the different levels of achievement. On the other hand, as students progress along the elementary school year levels their intrinsic homework motivation, their homework interest and their attitude towards homework deteriorate. Although students spend longer time completing homework, their homework time management becomes worse. No statistic differences have been found among the several school year levels studied relating to the amount of homework completed.Keywords: Homework motivation, homework involvement, school achievement, Elementary SchoolResumen.El presente trabajo tiene como objetivo comprobar si hay diferencias en la motivación e implicación en los deberes escolares en función del curso y del nivel de rendimiento académico de los estudiantes. La muestra está integrada por 535 estudiantes de los tres últimos cursos de Educación Primaria. Los resultados indican que a medida que el rendimiento académico es más alto, también aumenta progresivamente la motivación intrínseca hacia los deberes, la percepción de utilidad de esos deberes, la cantidad de deberes realizados y el aprovechamiento del tiempo dedicado a los deberes. Sin embargo, tanto el interés, como la actitud y el tiempo dedicado a los deberes no varían significativamente en función de los distintos niveles de rendimiento académico. Por otro lado, según van avanzando los estudiantes de curso, disminuye progresivamente su motivación intrínseca, su interés y su actitud hacia los deberes, así como la percepción de utilidad de estos deberes. Aunque se incrementa el tiempo que dedican a los deberes, el aprovechamiento de ese tiempo disminuye. En cambio, no hay diferencias significativas en función del curso en la cantidad de deberes realizados.Palabras clave: motivación hacia los deberes escolares, implicación en los deberes escolares, rendimiento académico, Educación Primaria.
AVANCES EN LA VALIDACIÓN DE UN PROGRAMA DE REDUCCIÓN DE ESTEREOTIPOS Y PREJUICIOS EN PERSONAS MAYORES
Authors: Palmero Cámara Carmen , Luis Rico Isabel , De la Torre Cruz Tamara , Gañán Adánez Ángel , Baños Martínez Vanesa , Escolar Llamazares Camino , Corbí Santamaría Miguel , Jiménez Eguizábal Alfredo
Published: January 2017

Abstract.ADVANCES IN THE VALIDATION OF A PROGRAM DIRECTED AT THE REDUCTION OF STEREOTYPES AND PREJUDICE IN THE OLDER ADULTSAs older adults have shown more problems to inhibit stereotyping and prejudice, the need to develop programs to reduce intergroup bias is more urgent in the advanced life stage. Our aim is to validation a multimedia application to improve the self-regulation of older people behaviour, and to evaluate the impact of potentially modulating variables of the intervention and its effects on prejudice. The intervention was aimed at reducing implicit prejudice and stereotyping, and explicit prejudice. Results of the multimedia application show the effectiveness of values as a modulating variable in the reduction of automatic prejudice levels.Keywords: prejudice, values, older adults, social cognition.Resumen.Las personas mayores han demostrado tener dificultad para inhibir estereotipos y prejuicios y es por ello que existe una necesidad creciente de desarrollar programas que reduzcan el sesgo intergrupal en las etapas avanzadas de la vida. En este trabajo se exponen los avances en la validación de la aplicación multimedia para mejorar la autorregulación de la conducta en personas mayores. La intervención tiene como objetivo reducir el prejuicio implícito y el estereotipo, así como el prejuicio explícito. Los resultados de la aplicación multimedia muestran su validación como medio y la efectividad de los valores como variable moduladora en la reducción de los niveles automáticos de prejuicio.Palabras clave: prejuicio, valores, personas mayores, toma de perspectiva.
ESTRATEGIAS PARA EVALUAR MOTIVACIÓN DE LOGRO Y RESPONSABILIDAD EN EL ÁMBITO DE LA EDUCACIÓN SUPERIOR
Authors: Morán Astorga Consuelo , López Moya Manuel
Published: January 2017

Resumen.Esta propuesta de innovación educativa se centra en desarrollar un sistema de evaluación de competencias transversales (motivación de logro, responsabilidad y trabajo autónomo). Se aplicarán las nuevas tendencias de evaluación por pares y autoevaluación. Se llevará a cabo en diferentes asignaturas, tanto en Grado como en Máster que se imparten en la Universidad de León y Salamanca. Una aportación relevante del proyecto es permitir contrastar el grado de desempeño de estas competencias en algunas asignaturas de estas titulaciones mediante indicadores objetivos. Además permitirá el desarrollo de destrezas y habilidades útiles para el campo profesional y personal de los estudiantes, incluyendo la capacidad de análisis crítico, de contrastar ideas, de responsabilizarse y de respetar a los otros. El objetivo principal es establecer claridad en los criterios y en los procedimientos de evaluación de competencias transversales, así como diseñar instrumentos y técnicas que faciliten la participación de los alumnos en la evaluación. Moodle se utilizará como plataforma para la comunicación y difusión de los instrumentos de evaluación, así como para la recogida sistemática de datos. Los instrumentos utilizados en la evaluación serán el Cuestionario de Metas de Logro Académico y la subescala de Responsabilidad del NEO FFI, ambos en sus dos versiones, autoevaluación y evaluación por pares. Esta propuesta de evaluación de competencias transversales puede ser transferibles a otros contextos educativos y a otro tipo de competencias. Con ella se fomenta también la creatividad y la innovación, tan importantes para el desarrollo de la sociedad del conocimiento del siglo XXI. La motivación de logro y la responsabilidad son factores que contribuyen a la prosperidad económica, así como al bienestar social e individual, esenciales para una sociedad más competitiva y dinámica. La educación universitaria es un elemento central en el fomento de las capacidades creativas e innovadoras.Palabras clave:innovación educativa; metodología de enseñanza-aprendizaje; evaluación de competencias; metas de logro, educación universitaria.
Seismic evaluation of the northbound N1/R300 bridge interchange
Authors: Solms M , Haas T
Published: January 2017

The design of the Stellenberg Interchange was finalised in 1982, with construction completed in 1986. The bridge was designed using a code of practice which did not include any requirements for seismic excitation. This code was superseded by the Code of Practice for the Design of Highway Bridges and Culverts, which provides detailed analysis guidelines for bridges located in seismic-prone areas. According to this code, the bridge is located in a seismic-prone area with an anticipated peak ground acceleration of 0.1 g. Current research suggests that this region could be exposed to a peak ground acceleration of approximately 0.2 g. Upon inspection of the bridge, it was noted that the bridge does not conform to modern-day best practice guidelines for bridges located in seismic-prone regions. These factors necessitated an exploratory investigation to determine whether the bridge can sustain earthquake magnitudes between 0.05 g and 0.2 g. The study was conducted by experimentally determining the natural frequencies with its corresponding mode shapes, which were used to calibrate a finite element model. The finite element model was subjected to different magnitude earthquakes to determine its structural integrity. The results show that, for an earthquake of 0.1 g, the bending moment at one of the column bases is exceeded, while two other column base moments are within 15% of its design capacity. For a 0.2 g magnitude earthquake, the design bending moments at five columns are significantly exceeded, while three other columns' design moments are close to being exceeded. The exceedance of the design moments could lead to significant damage, with the possibility of collapse of the bridge.
Use of an innovative syringe pump to deliver bolus rFVIIa for patients with haemophilia and inhibitors undergoing surgery
Authors: Pollard Debra , Subel Barbara , Chowdary Pratima , Gomez Keith
Published: January 2017

Aim: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of using a syringe driver perfusor pump to deliver frequent regular bolus doses of rFVIIa peri- and postoperatively to patients with severe haemophilia and inhibitors. Background: The provision of surgical haemostatic coverage with rFVIIa requires regular bolus doses, initially every two hours and subsequently three-hourly, moving to four- to six-hourly post-operatively. This has implications for safety and nursing time, and can influence clinical decision-making. We investigated the use of an infusion pump to deliver timed and accurate rFVIIa bolus doses during the postoperative period. Methods: Two patients with severe haemophilia A and inhibitors undergoing three procedures were managed with a pre-surgical bolus infusion of 120mcg/kg of rFVIIa, followed by postoperative doses of 90mcg/kg every two hours for the first 72 hours, and every three hours subsequently, with increasing dose intervals thereafter. All postoperative bolus doses were delivered via a pre-programmed infusion pump. The pump also required a constant background infusion set at 0.1ml/ hour for the first patient, and reduced to 0.01ml/hour for the second patient. Results: The pump was simple to use and readily accepted by patients and nursing staff. There were no delayed or missed doses, and good haemostasis was maintained. Overall nursing time involved in reconstituting and administering rFVIIa was reduced from three to six hours per treatment day (with conventional bolus dosing) to just one to two hours per day with the pump. Conclusions: The syringe pump successfully delivered the correct doses at the specified time intervals for all three procedures. The technique met the centre’s safety and efficacy criteria and resulted in a significant reduction in the amount of nursing time needed over a 24-hour period. This novel method of rFVIIa administration appears to be safe and effective in the elective surgery setting, and should be further investigated.
Drug targets: ligand and voltage gated ion channels
Authors: Jacob Nilan T.
Published: January 2017

The elucidation of a drug target is one of the earliest and most important steps in the drug discovery process. Ion channels encompassing both the ligand gated and voltage gated types are the second most common drug targets after G-Protein Coupled Receptors (GPCR). Ion channels are basically pore forming membrane proteins specialized for conductance of ions as per the concentration gradient. They are further broadly classified based on the energy (ATP) dependence into active ion channels/pumps and passive ion channels. Gating is the regulatory mechanism of these ion channels by which binding of a specific molecule or alteration in membrane potential induces conformational change in the channel architecture to result in ion flow or its inhibition. Thus, the study of ligand and voltage gated ion channels becomes an important tool for drug discovery especially during the initial stage of target identification. This review aims to describe the ligand and voltage gated ion channels along with discussion on its subfamilies, channel architecture and key pharmacological modulators.
An observational study of antibiotic treatment in paediatric patients suffering from LRTI and Pneumonia in a tertiary care hospital
Authors: Bhattacharyya Subhradipta , Mohanty Manjushree
Published: January 2017

Background: The observational study was conducted to evaluate the utilization of antimicrobials and sensitivity-resistance pattern in paediatric patients suffering from LRTI and Pneumonia. A prospective, non-interventional, pharmaco-vigilant study.Methods: 97 patients suffering from LRTI and Pneumonia admitted in paediatric ward, NICU and PICU from September 2012 to February 2014 were evaluated. The research protocol was approved by Institutional Ethical Committee, KIMS. Data were collected from case sheets of patients from the ward as well as Medical Record and Data section. Data on a continuous scale was expressed as a mean along with standard deviation. Categorical data was expressed as percentage. Comparative statistical analysis was done by using student's t-test in respect of data measured on a continuous scale. All differences with P value below 0.05 were labelled as statistically significant.Results: Among the 97 RTI cases 62 patients had pneumonia and LRTI in 35 patients. Antibiotics were found to be used in combination. Two drugs combination like, macrolide + ß-lactam (11.4%), cephalosporin + aminoglycoside (25.7%), amino-penicillin+ aminoglycoside (15.5%) and piperacillin + aminoglycoside (15%) were used in severe infection. Three drugs combination like Ceftriaxone±sul+Amikacin+anti-MRSA/carbapenem (5.1%), Macrolide (azithromycin and Clarithromycin) +Cephalosporin+Aminoglycoside (10.1%) were used in very severe infections. Significant resistance was observed against ß-lactam and Macrolides.Conclusions: Very severe infections with bacteremia or multiorgan failure were effectively treated with administration of Macrolide, Linezolid and Carbapenem with Ceftriaxone/ Piperacillin + Amikacin.
Self-medication prevalence and related factors among medical university students, 2015
Authors: Kahnamouei-aghdam Fariba , Zakeri Anahita , Amani Firouz , Sajjadifar Mostafa , Mohammadi Perham , Ojaghi Habib
Published: January 2017

Background: Self-medication is one of the main health problems. Given the high prevalence of self-medicationin society and between students, the aim of this study was to assess the rate of self-medication among Ardabil medical students.Methods: This cross–sectional study has been done on 150 students which selected randomly from Ardabil Medical University Science students. Data collected by a questionnaire and then analyzed by statistical method in SPSS.19.Results: The rate of self-medication among students was 65%. Most of usage drug was sedatives with 77.1%. 7.2% of students were prepared drugs from places other than pharmacies and most of self-medication was the existence of drug free market with 71%.Conclusions: Given the high prevalence of self-medication among students it is necessary to promote a culture of drug use among students, education in the field of self-medication and its side effects are given to students.
A retrospective study on drug utilization in patients with acute exacerbation of bronchial asthma in adults at tertiary teaching hospital in Bidar
Authors: D. B. Jyothi , Kulkarni Gajanan P.
Published: January 2017

Background: Drug utilization plays a role in helping the health care system to understand, interpret and improve the drug use and continuous quality improvement. It plays an essential part of pharmaco Epidemiological studies.Methods: 100 prescriptions from patients with established diagnosis of acute exacerbation of Bronchial asthma were assessed from the Department of Pulmonary Medicine and the data gathered was analysed using MS Excel.Results: Majority of the prescriptions irrespective of severity received inhalation β2 agonist (formoterol) as a bronchodilator. Nebulization route was given for managing the acute exacerbations followed by inhalation route. Hydrocortisone was prescribed to all patients for managing acute Exacerbations. Montelukast was used an adjuvant therapy. Most of them were prescribed combination therapy. Theophylline was prescribed among all the methylxanthines.Conclusions: β2 agonists Combinations and corticosteroids are the most commonly prescribed combination drugs for asthma followed by methylxanthines. The most commonly prescribed asthmatic Medication in combination therapy was inhaled salbutamol with ipratropium followed by intravenous Hydrocortisone and oral Montelukast. The most commonly prescribed methylxanthine was intravenous Theophylline. Nebulization was preferred route to tackle the acute exacerbation of asthmatic symptoms.
Lipid profile in renal transplant recipients receiving immunosuppressive therapy
Authors: Lamichhane Samir , Bajracharya Sangha Ratna , Shah Dibya Singh
Published: January 2017

Background: Immunosuppression has been detrimental for graft survival in renal transplant recipients (RTRs). Now that acute rejection is less of a concern, the main problem with kidney transplantation is the long term adverse effects of immunosuppression; dyslipidemia and subsequent atherosclerosis leading to cardiovascular diseases being one of them. The objective of the study was to determine the association of lipid profile with immunosuppressive therapy in RTRs.Methods: A descriptive qualitative study was conducted in 120 live RTRs following up at the post-renal transplant clinic in 1 year duration. Means of baseline lipid profiles were compared to those of all follow ups and means of all lipid profiles done at different intervals were compared among different sub-groups of patients grouped according to different variables including the individual immunosuppressants and the immunosuppressive therapy.Results: There was a significant increase in TC levels at 6 and 12 months. HDL-C levels were significantly higher at all follow ups and TG levels done at all follow ups were significantly higher as compared to baseline.LDL-C(12) was significantly higher in the group with higher tacrolimus dose. LDL-C(6), LDL-C(24), TC(24) were significantly different among different prednisolone groups reflecting a relation of prednisolone with alteration in lipid profiles. None of the two regimens was found to be superior over the other regarding lipid profile.Conclusions: This study has shown a significant alteration of lipid profile in patients after renal transplantation as compared to pre-transplant status and immunosuppressive therapy seems to be one among the various contributors to it.
Clinical profile and outcomes of snake bite poisoning in a tertiary care centre in South Tamilnadu
Authors: B. Meenakshi , K. Shantaraman , M. Indhumathi , Mohan Arumugapandian S.
Published: January 2017

Background: Snake-bites are well-known common medical emergencies in many parts of the world. In India 46,000 people are dying every year from snakebites. However, the true scale of mortality and morbidity from snake-bite remains uncertain. This study analyses the clinical profile and outcomes of the snake bite poisoning in patients admitted to this centre.Methods: This cross sectional study analyses the data of 150patients admitted to the Intensive Medical Care Unit of Tirunelveli Medical College Hospital with the history of snake bite between April and September of 2015 as available in their case records.Results: In this study, 42.7% of the patients were in the age group of 18 to 40 years and 64% were males with rural: urban ratio of 2.3: 1. About 82.7% of bites were haematotoxic, 10.7% neurotoxic and the remaining nontoxic bites. About 54% patients recovered completely, 44% had some form of morbidity at discharge and mortality was 2%. Out of 136 patients who were treated with Anti-snake venom (ASV), 9.6% developed ADR. The common ADR was itching and hypotension followed by rigor, breathlessness and edema of lips and eyes.Conclusions: This study highlights the need for early treatment intervention post bite. Imparting health education about early pre-hospital management and transfer to the hospital will help in the prevention of deaths due to snakebite. Identification of the type of snake is essential to decide on the type of toxicity and method of treatment to be instituted.
Guinea pig versus computer mouse in post graduate practical pharmacology
Authors: Rodrigues Allen Joe , Kamath Laxminarayana
Published: January 2017

Background: Pressures from animal right organizations like PETA lead to stringent animal handling guidelines by CPCSEA, UGC, MCI which resulted in limitation of animal experiments in postgraduate practical pharmacology. So, this study is designed to know the perceptions and alternative suggestions of pharmacology postgraduate students about animal experiments in their practical curriculum.Methods: 127 pharmacology postgraduate students who participated southern regional conference of IPS -2016 at Belgaum, Karnataka were included in this questionnaire based study. The data was analysed using descriptive statistics.Results: Majority 79% students favoured animal experiments even though only 53% of students were conducting animal experiments at their institute. Some of the reasons quoted by the students to favour animal experiments were, provide better understanding of drug effects (66%), interested in preclinical research & drug development (60%), provides hands on experience (56%) etc. Some of the virtual experiments suggested by students which can be used in parallel to animal experiments to reduce animal sacrifice were computer simulated animal experiments (78%), preformed graphs/charts (65%), video films (53%) and so on. Main reasons to like CAL were effects of drug can be clearly visualized (72%), can be repeated (63%), avoids error (57%), saves time (54%) etc.Conclusions: There is a need to incorporate CAL along with continuation of animal experiments in postgraduate practical pharmacology, so that both will compliment, enhance, reinforce the learning from each other and also drastically reduce the number of animals sacrificed.
A comparative clinical study of ondansetron and dexamethasone for prevention of postoperative vomiting in pediatric patients undergoing intra abdominal surgery
Authors: Mohan Lalit , Thakur Vinit Kumar , Dubey Prakash Kumar , Dikshit Harihar , Kumar Nitish , Kumar Lalit
Published: January 2017

Background: This study aimed to compare the efficacy of intravenous ondansetron and dexamethasone for prevention of post-operative vomiting in pediatric patients whom underwent intra-abdominal surgery at Indira Gandhi institute of medical sciences, Patna.Methods: A total of 40 eligible patients were included in the study. There were 20 patients in group 1 whom received i.v ondansetron (0.1 mg/kg), and 20 patients in group 2 received i.v Dexamethasone (1mg/kg) one minute prior to the induction of anaesthesia. Episodes of postoperative vomiting within first 24 hours of anaesthesia and thereafter in postoperative ward at different intervals was observed and recorded.Results: Complete control of PONV (no emesis, no rescue treatment for 24 hours after administration of study agent) was achieved in 40% of cases in group I, in 42.25% of cases in group II, mild PONV was achieved in 7.5% of cases in group I, in 5.0% of cases in group II, moderate PONV was achieved in 2.5% of cases in group I, in 2.5% of cases in group II, and severe PONV was not found in any of the two group. There was no statistically significant difference between the groups1and 2 in terms of baseline characteristics and postoperative managements. Frequency of postoperative nausea and vomiting experiences were similar between the groups (p>0.05).Conclusions: Single dose ondansetron 0.1 mg/kg and dexamethasone 0.5 mg/kg, given intravenously are equally effective agents for the control of PONV. Both drugs for the same indication do not seem to increase the antiemetic efficacy.
Metformin induced yellow nails: a rare entity
Authors: Sharma Tarun , Sharma Aradhna , Bhatnagar Mukul
Published: January 2017

This article reports an interesting and a rare case of metformin induced nail disorder in a middle aged female with type 2 diabetes. The patient had been receiving metformin one 1500mg daily from the last 6 months and noticed her finger nails gradually thickened and turned yellow. On stopping the metformin, the nails gradually normalized. The patient was treated further with glimepiride and insulin glargine. After 3 months of discontinuation of metformin there was a significant improvement in the nails. Clinicians should be aware of metformin induced yellow discolouration of nails, though a curable and reversible condition if diagnosed well in time.
Role of 256 slice CT scan in pre and postoperative evaluation of congenital cardio-vascular anomalies: our experience at a tertiary care teaching hospital
Authors: Dashottar Sunita , Singh Ajay K. , Senger K. P. S. , Debnath Col J.
Published: January 2017

Background: Ultrafast CT (UCT) scan plays an important role in the evaluation of congenital cardiovascular anomalies (CCVA). A major advantage of higher slice multi-detector CT (MDCT), is improved temporal as well as spatial resolution, that helps accurately to delineate complex cardiac and extra-cardiac anomalies with relative ease. Hence this study was aimed to highlight the utility of UCT in the evaluation of congenital cardiovascular anomalies in a large series of patients.Methods: All consecutive patients with suspected CCVA were evaluated by cardiac CT angiography (CCTA) on 256 slice CT scan in a multispecialty tertiary care teaching institute from June 2013 to December2015.Results: A total of 160 cases of CCVA were evaluated by CCTA. 50 patients had multiple anomalies. A total of 216 anomalies were diagnosed. Tetralogy of fallot (TOF) dominated the list of CCVAs (60, 28%) than the other abnormalities. Of them, 25 patients underwent Blalock Taussig (BT) shunt surgeries, 20 patients underwent total repair operation like Rastelli’s operation or augmentation of pulmonary arteries (PAs) while 15 patients were lost to follow up. Most of the patients diagnosed with CCVAs were managed successfully based on the imaging diagnosis of the cardiovascular anomaly.Conclusions: Ultrafast CT scans have immense role in the evaluation of various types of congenital cardiovascular anomalies. It is particularly helpful in the evaluation of extra-cardiac systemic and pulmonary arterial and venous system, postoperative complications, to see the status of shunts, stents and conduits.
Социальное предпринимательство: проблемы и перспективы развития в России
Authors: Качко Дарья Сергеевна
Published: January 2017

В данной статье описывается уровень развития и поддержка социального предпринимательства как фактора социально-экономического развития общества в России. Рассмотрены основные проблемы для эффективного функционирования социальных предприятий, а также предложены меры по их устранению.
Developing Global Cellular Information Retrieval System with Minimum Reporting Guidelines on Cellular Data for Regenerative Medicine
Authors: Sakurai Kunie , Fujibuchi Wataru
Published: January 2017

A wide range of stem cell research towards regenerative medicine has been conducted in a large number of domains in the world over the years.  However, those produced data and information are not fully utilized and sometimes causes failure to be reproduced among laboratories or cell banks due to a lack of standardization of cellular assay reporting formats.  To maximize a value placed on the information in stem cell and derivative cell research, we have proposed reporting guidelines for describing cellular assay data to pursue the facilitation of practical regenerative medicine named ‘Minimum Information About a Cellular Assay for Regenerative Medicine (MIACARM)’.  MIACARM has been developed based on the existing Minimum Information About a Cellular Assay (MIACA) with defined taxonomy of human cell types, which allows for the description of advanced cellular experiments.  MIACARM is applicable for exchanging data from not only for basic cellular assay, but also stem cell assay data that are produced and provided by cell banks, registries, or other academic institutions all over the world.  And here we would like to introduce our recent progress that is developing stem cell data retrieval system based on MIACARM.
Em defesa dos diálogos entre gerações para a Sustentabilidade
Authors: Patronis Dominguez Isabel Georgina
Published: January 2017

A pesquisa em Educação Ambiental tratou das relações entre pessoas de diferentes idades em um processo coeducativo para a construção de sociedades sustentáveis, a partir da convicção de que a intergeracionalidade pode trazer qualidade aos diálogos e potencializar as ações transformadoras, contribuindo para formar novas comunidades de aprendentes que reflitam uma nova humanidade e outro mundo possível. Nesse sentido, procura auxiliar, também, à compreensão de elementos facilitadores ou que dificultam essas relações, oferecendo contribuições às práticas educativas socioambientais, principalmente no ensino fundamental e médio, e para a EA popular, ao procurar subsidiar essas práticas e quem sabe animar novos encontros e processos dialógicos entre gerações, dentro e fora das escolas, sobre e para a sustentabilidade. Além de porventura fornecer elementos que se desdobrem em novas pesquisas acadêmicas afins, levando-se em conta a necessidade de conhecer mais a respeito da intergeracionalidade, e ainda mais se o recorte for para a Sustentabilidade.
Contribuições de uma Experiência Pedagógica em Educação Ambiental
Authors: Couto Maria Socorro Duarte da Silva , Guimarães Cláudia Sampaio , Pereira Marlei De Fátima
Published: January 2017

Este estudo consistiu em analisar as contribuições de uma experiência pedagógica em Educação Ambiental (EA) em uma escola municipal da cidade de Jataí – GO, no período de 2013 – 2014. Foram executadas três propostas pedagógicas em EA (Conferência sobre Meio Ambiente, Feira de Ciências e Projetos Ambientais), a partir do tema sustentabilidade, possibilitadas por meio de uma pesquisa interventiva focada na discussão em grupo. Os resultados obtidos apontaram pontos positivos nas respostas aos objetivos propostos como: articulação entre as disciplinas nas etapas de planejamento e execução das ações; inserção da EA de forma reflexiva no contexto escolar; reconstrução do Projeto Político Pedagógico da escola incluindo a EA; apontamento de estratégias futuras e desenvolvimento de ações pautadas na problematização da realidade. Sugere-se que a construção coletiva de propostas em EA por meio de projetos constitui um caminho possível para sua inserção no âmbito escolar.
Trajetórias da Construção da Identidade de Professoras do Ensino Básico como Educadoras Ambientais
Authors: Di Tullio Ariane , Oliveira Haydée Torres de
Published: January 2017

Diante da expansão da educação ambiental (EA) no ensino formal, buscamos compreender as trajetórias por meio das quais professoras no ensino básico se aproximaram da EA, bem como os processos de construção da suas identidades como educadoras ambientais. Utilizamos como referencial teórico a hermenêutica filosófica de Hans-Georg Gadamer e a pedagogia dialógica de Paulo Freire, sendo que as narrativas das entrevistadas foram analisadas à luz da análise textual discursiva. Percebemos que as professoras têm se aproximado da EA principalmente pela via profissional, ainda que suas vivências pessoais tenham tido importância nessas escolhas. A inserção da dimensão ambiental nas práticas pedagógicas e/ou a busca de formação contribuem para a construção de suas identidades como educadoras ambientais, ainda que heterogêneas e provisórias, sujeitas às oportunidades de atuação. As práticas também possibilitam sua identificação com os valores do ideário ambientalista em âmbitos profissional e pessoal.
دراسة مقارنة عن الفتوى المعاصرة بين إندونسيا وماليزيا
Authors: Qonytha Didin
Published: January 2017

The discussion in this paper are the polemics of misyâr marriage that developed in the Bay State. This marriage is a marriage where a spouse has waived such right answer or do not earn a living and residence. The purpose to make the wedding the husband is free from obligation toward his wife to provide a living and residence as another wife. "discount" is only available for couples who are mostly his wife comes from a rich family and takes the figure of man as a social status. This study uses empirical methods qualitative comparison of the thinking approach with Indonesia and Malaysia Shariah lecture. The analysis results can be known that many of the informants who approved this marriage due to fulfillment a marriage license and the willingness of the wife without any coercion from any party. While some informants do not agree to give the reason that marriage is denying the essence of marriage i.e. form a family of sakinah, mawadah and rahmah.

Pembahasan dalam tulisan ini adalah polemik nikah misyâr yang berkembang di Negara teluk. Tujuan pernikahan ini adalah agar suami bebas dari kewajiban terhadap istrinya untuk memberikan nafkah dan tempat tinggal seperti istri yang lain. “diskon” ini hanya diperoleh bagi pasangan yang sebagian besar istrinya berasal dari keluarga kaya dan membutuhkan sosok lelaki sebagai status sosial di kalanganya. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode empiris kualitatif dengan pendekatan perbandingan pemikiran dosen syari’ah Indonesia dan Malaysia. Dari hasil analisis dapat diketahui bahwa banyak dari informan yang menyetujui pernikahan ini dikarenakan terpenuhinya rukun nikah dan kesediaan istri tanpa adanya pemaksaan dari pihak manapun. Sedangkan beberapa informan yang tidak menyetujui memberi alasan bahwa pernikahan ini mengingkari esensi pernikahanya itu membentuk keluarga sakinah, mawadah dan rahmah.
DYNAMICS OF TUNISIAN POLYGAMY LAW IN GENDER PERSPECTIVE
Authors: Chusnayaini Ayyus Sahidatul
Published: January 2017

This research aims to answer the problem of dynamics of Tunisian polygamy law in gender perspective. The method was used in this study was the type of normative research with collaboration of the historical, statute and conceptual approach. The results of determines that the dynamics of polygamy law is a great revolution in Tunisia. There are several factors that influence the dynamics: understanding of religion; secular ideology; socio-cultural; political; and education. This dynamics can be seen from the third period of legal development, namely: a) the period of preindependence b) The period after independence c) the period of the revolution (nowadays). There are some issue about the discourse of law legalizing on banning polygamy law in Tunisia. The dynamics of polygamy law that occurred in the period after independence indicates a progression of the effort from Tunisian State to protect the rights of women.

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menjawab masalah dinamisasi hukum poligami di Tunisia menurut gender. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode pendekatan penelitian normatif dengan mengolaborasikan sejarah, undang-undang dan konsep. Hasil penelitian dinamika menunjukan sebuah revolusi yang besar di Tunisia. Diantara faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi dinamika tersebut adalah: pemahaman agama; idiologi sekuler; susio-kultural; politik; dan pendidikan. Dinamika ini dapat dilihat dari 3 periode perkembangannya, yang disebut: a) periode sebelum independen; b) periode setelah independen; dan c) periode revolusi (sekarang). Ada beberapa persoalan tentang wacana hukum yang melegalkan larangan poligami di Tunisia. Dinamika hukum poligami yang terjadi setelah kemerdekaan menunjukan usaha negara Tunisia untuk meningkatkan perlindungan terhadap hak-hak wanita.