bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Network of Practitioners For Emergency medicAl Systems and cRitical care project - A Case Study for Innovative Approach of Cooperation Between End-Users, Policy Makers, and Businesses
Authors: Leonardi Luca , Linty Monica
Published: June 2023

Introduction:

The Network Of practitioners For Emergency medicAl systems and cRitical care project (NO-FEAR) was funded through an innovative call from the European Commission contained in the Horizon 2020 2016-2017 work program dedicated to Safe Societies - Protecting the freedom and security of Europe and its citizens.

The call assumed that professionals from many different sectors, including medical emergency teams, had little means and time to monitor innovation and research that could be useful to them. Moreover they have little opportunity to interact with academia or industry on these issues.

The project, funded in 2018 under a Coordination and Support Action Call, brings together practitioners, academia, policymakers and the industry involved in the response to medical emergencies, crises and health threats.

Since the very beginning, NO-FEAR has mobilized the vast network created during the project, to share real-time knowledge, experiences, lessons observed and challenges.

Method:

Qualitative methodology

Results:

This article intends to present the stages of the project during its journey where the creation of a network of practitioners dedicated to medical emergency services according to the three pillars methodology set in the project and which took place during the Covid 19 pandemic constituted a space to test innovative approaches in the relationship between end user and industry, in the identification of gaps and needs in the field and in responding to them, often going beyond the mandate of the project, creating a community capable of acting at the intersection of policymaker, companies and citizens.

Conclusion:

The case of NOFEAR demonstrates how, thanks to a European project, created a network of individuals and businesses that interact and or collaborate with each other can accelerate knowledge driven and sustainable growth of multidisciplinary ecosystems able to mitigate the fragmentation of the emergency medical systems.
Tropical Cyclones and Burn Injuries–Hurricane Ida 2021
Authors: Kearns Randy , Carter Jeffrey , Phelan Herbert
Published: June 2023

Introduction:

Tropical cyclones are common weather phenomena occurring during the summer and fall months, primarily impacting coastal areas of the eastern shore of North America and the eastern and southeastern coast of Asia. The injuries often reported in the aftermath of these storms include near drowning, orthopedic injuries, and stress-induced cardiovascular emergencies. However, in the aftermath of Hurricane Ida (August 2021), we saw (and will discuss) an unusual trend of burn injuries.

Method:

Anonymized patient data from the regional burn center was reviewed for storm-related injuries in the 30 days post-Hurricane Ida landfall. This retrospective analysis included demographics of the patient population, size of injury (reported in total body surface area [TBSA]), mechanism of injury, and length of stay.

Results:

Inclusion criteria (burn injury as a chief complaint during the 30 days following the hurricane) identified 41 patients. Of the 41 patients, (32/41 [78.0%]) were admitted for their injuries. The leading nature of the injuries included flame (25/41 [60.1%) and scald (9/41 [22.0%]). The leading cause of burn injury included generator operations (refueling, gasoline, propane, contact with hot surfaces, etc., (14/41 [34.1%]), debris management (7/41 [17.1%]), and open flame for cooking or lighting (11/41 [26.8%]). Patient ages; median of 43.0 years [0.5 to 79]) with sexual (identity being recorded as) male (32/41 [78.0%]) and (9/41 [22.0%]) female.

Conclusion:

Climate change is contributing to the increased frequency and intensity of tropical cyclones. Consequently, strategies such as generator use and reliance on alternative fuel sources for lighting, heating, and cooking, have become more widespread to cope with the temporary interruption of public utilities following a natural disaster. However, these temporary solutions have led to an increased frequency of burn and inhalation injuries. Solutions include campaigns to increase public awareness and an increased clinical readiness to receive and manage more patients with burn and inhalation injuries.
Crisis Communications for Leaders in Disasters
Authors: McIsaac Joseph
Published: June 2023

Introduction:

The COVID-19 crisis stressed the medical system and required leaders to rise to the occasion. Some institutions were very successful while others floundered. We saw this at every level of government as well as in healthcare. Applying the principles of crisis leadership and communication (and avoiding pitfalls) will increase our readiness to respond effectively during stressful times.

Method:

Literature review and US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention guidelines.

Results:

While there is robust literature on the topics of crisis communications and leadership this training is lacking in healthcare circles. This poster aims to introduce the subject and advocate for increased training in Crisis Communications.

The US CDC has developed a freely downloadable training manual, along with tools for rapidly developing a crisis message. Furthermore, a checklist to help with the presentation and a list of communication pitfalls to avoid are included.

Conclusion:

Leaders can use these tools to prepare in advance for crisis communications, avoiding common mistakes that reduce communication effectiveness.
Towards a Multidisciplinary Guideline for Psychosocial Crisis Management
Authors: Hoof Wera , Jansen Noortje , Steen Charlie
Published: June 2023

Introduction:

The Dutch Multidisciplinary Guideline for Psychosocial support during Disasters and Crises (2014) contains general principles and recommendations for mental health and psychosocial support (MHPSS) to those affected by disasters, crises or other potentially traumatic events. Changes in the field of MHPSS, ‘new’ types of crises (such as social unrest and long-term crises) as well as new (scientific) knowledge have been identified. A revision of the guideline is therefore necessary to ensure that the document is in line with the current scientific evidence and practice.

Method:

The aim of the revision is to regain national consensus on the updated recommendations for providing optimal MHPSS in the event of disasters and crises. Needs and challenges identified in the national field formed the basis for the revision, together with the existing recommendations from 2014. The setup of the revised guideline is in accordance with the Dutch EBRO method [Evidence Based Guideline Development]. The knowledge input was twofold: first, a systematic literature search was conducted in PsycINFO, Ovid Medline, Embase en PTSDpubs. Further, a multidisciplinary working group was formed with representatives from the domains of practice, policy and research. A consensus process was followed to test and revise the guideline.

Results:

The literature search yielded 3,845 unique articles and 180 met the inclusion criteria. Based on the scoping review, supplemented with literature and expert knowledge, the recommendations have been updated and revised. The majority of the recommendations are still valid. They have been adapted based on current literature. Knowledge of the two new themes: ‘long-term and creeping crises’ and ‘social media’ is translated into recommendations in the field of MHPSS.

Conclusion:

The revision will lead to a more complete starting point for additional guidelines, perspective for action and protocols for specific users and applications.
The New York City Pediatric Disaster Coalition Pediatric Intensive-Care Response Team (PIRT)
Authors: Frogel Michael , Jermyn John , Foltin George , Cooper Arthur
Published: June 2023

Introduction:

Children represent 25% of the population, have special needs, and are often over-represented in disasters. The New York City Pediatric Disaster Coalition (NYC PDC) is funded by the NYC Department of Health and Mental Hygiene (DOHMH) to improve pediatric disaster preparedness and response. PDC worked with a network of pediatric intensivists to create the Pediatric Intensive-Care Response Team (PIRT). PIRT consists of volunteer pediatric intensivists that currently practice in New York City.

Method:

Secondary transport may be requested by hospitals due to a mismatch of resources to needs for patients requiring critical and/or subspecialty care. The team is activated when a disaster involves a significant number of pediatric patients. In the proposed plan, the PIRT physician on-call will triage/prioritize the patients based on acuity and need for services and relay the necessary information to the transport agency. PIRT is designated to provide subject matter expertise and resources during real-world events. PIRT maintains a 24/7 on-call schedule with backup. The PIRT system was tested in four call-down communications drills and a tabletop exercise for prioritization of pediatric mass casualty victims.

Results:

The call-down drills demonstrated the ability to contact the on-call and backup physicians by email or text within 20 minutes and others within one hour. In the tabletop, PIRT members were given 15 patient profiles based on a scenario and asked to prioritize patients based on their injuries/medical needs. This was accomplished in less than 30 minutes, followed by a review and discussion of the rank order. A number of lessons learned were identified and will be presented.

Conclusion:

The NYCPDC has developed and tested a PIRT that is available 24/7 to prioritize patients for secondary transport and offer subject matter expertise during pediatric mass casualty events. This model can be utilized to enhance pediatric disaster preparedness.
To Educate or Not to Educate: Systematic Review of Disaster Medicine Education in Kazakhstan in Compression with Post-Soviet Countries
Authors: Sissenberdiyeva Aidana
Published: June 2023

Introduction:

Disaster medicine education is a huge challenge, but essential to disaster preparedness. While natural disasters have always been a part of world events, recent large-scale natural and man-made disasters have drawn attention to disaster medicine. As a consequence, medical schools in many parts of the world have begun to incorporate disaster-related topics into their curricula. However, in the territory of the former USSR, disaster medicine has just begun its development, and at the moment it is represented only in a couple countries, including Kazakhstan.

Method:

Data collection was performed using a database search through the Ministry of Education and Ministry of Healthcare of the Republic of Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan, Kyrgyzstan, Russian Federation, Belarus, and Ukraine. Disaster Medicine curricula on different education levels, including bachelor, graduate, and postgraduate levels were reviewed and analyzed.

Results:

Even though Kazakhstan is the ninth largest country in the world, education in the field of disaster medicine is currently represented only in one medical university in the country: specialists in disaster and emergency medicine are trained in residency and master's programs. In the Republics of Uzbekistan and Kyrgyzstan, education in the disaster medicine field is not provided, but there are electives for bachelor students. The Federal Center for Disaster Medicine, located in Moscow, offers doctors advanced training in disaster medicine, also disaster medicine education is provided at the bachelor and residency levels all over the Russian Federation. In Ukraine, at the moment, there is no training of specialists in disaster medicine, while in Belarus there are curricula at all levels of education.

Conclusion:

Despite the fact that our life is impossible without catastrophes, most of the post-soviet countries are not having educational programs in disaster medicine. Using international experience could be beneficial so that every country will be prepared to face any disaster both locally and globally.
Severe Trauma in Germany and Israel– Are We Speaking the Same Language? A Trauma Registry Comparison
Authors: Kaim Arielle , Bodas Moran , Bieler Dan , Radomislensky Irina , Matthes Gerrit , Givon Adi , Trentzsch Heiko , Waydhas Christian , Lefering Rolf
Published: June 2023

Introduction:

Trauma registries are a crucial component of trauma systems, as they could be utilized to perform a benchmarking of quality of care and enable research in a critical but important area of health care. The aim of this study is to compare the performance of two national trauma systems: Germany (TraumaRegister DGU ®,TR-DGU) and Israel (Israeli National Trauma Registry,INTR) in a retrospective analysis.

Method:

Patients from both registries treated during 2015-2019 with an Injury Severity Score (ISS) ≥ 16 points were included. Patient demographics, pre-hospital care, hospital treatment, and outcome were compared.

Results:

Data were available from 12,585 Israeli patients and 55,660 German patients. Age and sex distribution were comparable, and road traffic accidents were the most prevalent cause of injuries. The ISS of German patients was higher (ISS 24 versus 20), more patients were treated in an intensive care unit (92% versus 32%), and mortality was higher(19.4% versus 9.5%) as well.

Conclusion:

Despite similar inclusion criteria (ISS ≥ 16), remarkable differences between the two national datasets were observed. Most likely, this was caused by different recruitment strategies of both registries like trauma team activation and the need for intensive care in TR- DGU. More detailed analyses are needed to uncover similarities and differences between both trauma systems.
Psychosocial Care Responses and Research After Terrorist Attacks
Authors: Stene Lise Eilin
Published: June 2023

Introduction:

The risk internationally of terrorist attacks and other mass trauma incites societies to strengthen the planning and implementation of psychosocial care. Prior findings have documented that psychosocial care responses, especially long-term follow-up, differ substantially between countries. With the aim to strengthen future psychosocial care responses and research, this presentation describes the models for psychosocial care and research activities following terrorist attacks in European countries.

Method:

Pre- and post-attack policy documents and reports addressing the psychosocial care responses to terrorist attacks were identified, and research on the mental health of affected individuals and psychosocial care provision was reviewed.

Results:

Although several aspects of the acute psychosocial care responses to terrorist attacks were similar across countries, there were substantial differences as to if and how long-term follow-up interventions were planned and implemented. There were also major differences in whether or not monitoring of and research on the psychosocial care responses were conducted, and existing research had important limitations.

Conclusion:

In order to strengthen the public health responses to future terrorist attacks and other mass casualty incidents, there is need for more standardized registration of affected individuals, as well as international models for monitoring their health and longitudinal research on the countries’ psychosocial care provision. During the presentation, it will be discussed how monitoring and research can be improved in this context.
Resilience Trustees Program in Hospitals–A Case Study: Wolfson Hospital, Israel
Authors: Bar-Haim Ronit , Amitzi Vered , Holzman Keren
Published: June 2023

Introduction:

Medical and paramedical staff endure a psychological toll of burn-out as part of the heavy personal consequences of their work, with an immeasurable increase during the Covid-19 pandemic outbreak. In Israel, there is an added stress of the highly unstable political situation, including war and racial-riots with direct hits of missiles leading to mass casualty events. Members often had to stay in the hospitals for days as the roads home were blocked. Wolfson Medical Center (WMC) is a medium size, level II hospital in the center of Israel. It serves a complex population, most from low to medium socioeconomic status, and a large population of displaced persons. The responsibilities of the staff weigh heavy, leading to psychological trauma, with clear signs of anxiety, depression and suicide.Israel Trauma Coalition (ITC) is a non-profit organization collaborating with over 40 organizations to create a continuum of care in psycho-trauma, response and preparedness.

Method:

ITC has initiated a Resilience-Trustees program, establishing a strong and active group within the organization, with adequate representation from each department and profession. Training the team to identify a colleague in distress, to respond adequately and to refer to professional help as needed. The program has started implementation in various hospitals in Israel, including WMC.

Results:

The expected results of this program is a change in the organization's culture of discourse and daily interaction so as to promote resilience and mutual trust and to help cope favorably with crisis situations. The actual results will be shown through a case study of the WMC team of Resilience Trustees, in accordance with the steps of the program (resilience in the original team, then the overall staff).

Conclusion:

This initiative will promote awareness and acceptance of mental, personal and team difficulties, as well as reduce risks of secondary traumatization, burnout and other disorders.
The Hard-to-Reach Data (HaRD) Framework: a Case Study in Humanitarian Mine Action
Authors: Pizzino Stacey , Waller Michael , Tippett Vivienne , Durham Jo
Published: June 2023

Introduction:

Following humanitarian crises (e.g. armed conflict), reliable population health metrics are vital to establish health needs and priorities. However, the challenges associated with accurate health information and research in conflict zones are well documented. Often working within conflict settings are authorities and non-government organizations (NGOs) who frequently collect data under the context of operations. This operational data is a potentially untapped source of hard-to-reach data that could be utilized to provide a better insight into conflict affected populations. The Hard to Reach Data (HaRD) framework highlights the process of identifying and engaging with these stakeholders collaboratively to develop research capacity.

Method:

The HaRD framework was developed from literature searches of health and social sciences databases. The framework which provides a structure to gain access to data in hard-to-reach settings was applied to humanitarian mine action to identify and collect existing but underutilized data.

Results:

Guided by the HaRD framework we compiled the world’s first global casualty dataset for casualties of landmines and explosive remnants of war. The framework provided a structured approach to identify and engage with key stakeholders. An adaptive approach was needed for stakeholder engagement with trust building and transparency important factors in developing a collaborative partnership. Appropriate communication of research findings is important to ensure reciprocity.

Conclusion:

The HaRD framework can identify potential data sources and guide access in hard-to-reach data settings. Operational data is often available but hidden; a systematic approach to identifying and engaging with stakeholders can assist in developing successful research partnerships between academia and humanitarian organizations.
Music Therapy and Public Health: How to Bridge the Use of Ethnic Music for Social Anxiety
Authors: Arizona A. , Hanurawan Fattah , Hidayah Nur , Muslihati M. , Ramli M.
Published: June 2023

Music Therapy (MT) is a growing field that has shown promise in promoting social and emotional well-being. Use of music therapy is a means of dealing with social anxiety, which is a common mental health problem. Potential benefits of using and bridging ethnic music in therapy and public health exist. Strategies to promote the use of music therapy in public health programs are necessary, specifically to address social anxiety.
Engineering quantum diode in one-dimensional time-varying superconducting circuits
Authors: Zhao Xuedong , Xing Yan , Cao Ji , Liu Shutian , Cui Wen-Xue , Wang Hong-Fu
Published: June 2023

A potential application, quantum diode based on the adiabatic pumping between two specific left and right edge modes, is explored in a one-dimensional cyclically modulated circuit quantum electrodynamic dimer mapped successfully to the paradigmatic Su-Schrieffer-Heeger model. The quantum diode is characterized by the presence of nonreciprocity in transport, which describes the one-way transfer between excitations at both boundary resonators of the lattice. We find that the quality of the quantum diode defined by fidelity can be improved by increasing the modulation amplitude, i.e., the one-way excitation transfer process becomes more and more pronounced with the increase of the modulation amplitude. By further modifying the cyclical modulation and optimizing the control function, we also realize a much faster one-way excitation transfer to accelerate the nonreciprocal transport in the quantum diode, where almost a threefold reduction in time spent can be achieved. Our work provides a distinct idea and insight for the application of the quantum transport in topological systems.
A binary pulsar in a 53-minute orbit
Authors: Pan Z. , Lu J. G. , Jiang P. , Han J. L. , Chen H.-L. , Han Z. W. , Liu K. , Qian L. , Xu R. X. , Zhang B. , Luo J. T. , Yan Z. , Yang Z. L. , Zhou D. J. , Wang P. F. , Wang C. , Li M. H. , Zhu M.
Published: June 2023

Spider pulsars are neutron stars that have a companion star in a close orbit. The companion star sheds material to the neutron star, spinning it up to millisecond rotation periods, while the orbit shortens to hours. The companion is eventually ablated and destroyed by the pulsar wind and radiation1,2. Spider pulsars are key for studying the evolutionary link between accreting X-ray pulsars and isolated millisecond pulsars, pulsar irradiation effects and the birth of massive neutron stars3–6. Black widow pulsars in extremely compact orbits (as short as 62 minutes7) have companions with masses much smaller than 0.1 M⊙. They may have evolved from redback pulsars with companion masses of about 0.1–0.4 M⊙ and orbital periods of less than 1 day8. If this is true, then there should be a population of millisecond pulsars with moderate-mass companions and very short orbital periods9, but, hitherto, no such system was known. Here we report radio observations of the binary millisecond pulsar PSR J1953+1844 (M71E) that show it to have an orbital period of 53.3 minutes and a companion with a mass of around 0.07 M⊙. It is a faint X-ray source and located 2.5 arcminutes from the centre of the globular cluster M71.
Attributes of host-specificity better explain the diversified wood-boring longhorn beetles in tropical SW China than plant species diversity
Authors: Luo Fang , Bibi Farkhanda , Disayathanoowat Terd , Ling Tial C.
Published: June 2023

A long-debated question in ecology is whether the hyper-diversity of tropical plant-feeding insects is a direct consequence of high tropical plant diversity or should be attributed to increases in host plant specialization. In this study, we used Cerambycidae (the wood-boring longhorn beetles whose larval stages feed on the xylems of trees and lianas) and plants as study materials to explore which hypothesis is more favoured. Multiple analyses were used to show the differences in host specificity of Cerambycidae in tropical and subtropical forests. From these analyses, we found that the alpha diversity of beetles in tropical forests was significantly higher than that in subtropical forests but not in plants. The relationship between plants and beetles was also closer in tropical areas than in subtropical areas. Our results imply that the wood-boring longhorn beetles show higher degrees of niche conservatism and host-specificity in tropical forests than in subtropical forests. The high diversity of wood-boring longhorn beetles in tropical forests might be explained to a large extent by their more finely partitioned diet breadth.
An investigation into the robustness of a double-ended wideband impedance-based fault location technique
Authors: Jahanger Hayder K. , Thomas David W. P. , Sumner Mark
Published: June 2023

The double-ended impedance-based fault location technique (DEFLT) uses the wideband frequency content of the transient generated by the fault to determine the impedance from the point of measurement to the fault. This paper evaluates and develops the DEFLT experimentally for a Shipboard Power System (SPS) to determine its robustness to source impedance, the presence of interconnected loads (“tapped” loads) and tapped lines. Results demonstrate that the estimated impedance (and therefore distance to the fault) is influenced by the presence of tapped loads when the source impedance is large, or when the tapped load is comparable to the rated load of the system. Therefore, a scheme is proposed that compensates for any tapped load without requiring any additional measurements. Using the proposed scheme, the maximum error is significantly reduced from 92 to 13%. Simulation and experimental results show that a high accuracy for the estimated fault location can be achieved.
Evanescent wave in multiple slit diffraction and n-array antennas in metamaterial using Cesàro convergence
Authors: Nellambakam Yuganand , Haritha K. , Shiv Chaitanya K. V. S.
Published: June 2023

In this paper, we study Multiple slit diffraction and n- array linear antennae in negative refractive index material. We show that the evanescent wave plays a vital role in the near-field term. The evanescent wave grows significantly, unlike in conventional materials, and satisfies a novel kind of convergence known as Cesàro convergence. We calculate the intensity of multiple slits and the antenna’s amplification factor (AF) in terms of the Riemann zeta function. We further demonstrate that the Riemann zeta function gives rise to additional nulls. We deduce that all the diffraction scenarios in which the traveling wave satisfies the geometric series in the medium of the positive refractive index will enhance the evanescent wave, which satisfies Cesàro convergence in the medium of the negative refractive index.
Comparison of planned versus achieved central corneal stromal thickness reduction in SMILE versus FS-LASIK: a retrospective study
Authors: Lu Xueqing , Fan Yimeng , Liu Zhao , Qiu Xuanyu , Shi Qiang , Gao Ning , Mi Shengjian , Pei Cheng
Published: June 2023

Accuracy of planned corneal stromal thickness (CST) reduction is essential to the safety of laser vision correction. This study was to compare the accuracy of the planned central CST reduction in small incision lenticule extraction (SMILE) and femtosecond laser-assisted in situ keratomileusis (FS-LASIK). A total of 77 patients (43 for SMILE, 34 for FS-LASIK using Custom-Q algorithm) were included in this retrospective study. At postoperative 6–18 months, the central CST reduction was overestimated by 18.49 ± 6.42 μm in the SMILE group (P < 0.001) and underestimated by 2.56 ± 7.79 μm in the FS-LASIK group (P = 0.064). The planned-achieved difference (PAD) of central CST reduction was positively correlated with preoperative manifest refraction spherical equivalent (MRSE) and with planned central CST reduction in both groups. When calculated by manifest refraction (MR) without nomogram adjustment, the central CST reduction was overestimated by 11.14 ± 6.53 μm in the SMILE group and underestimated by 2.83 ± 7.39 μm in the FS-LASIK group. The PAD of central CST reduction without nomogram was significantly narrowed in SMILE and maintained in FS-LASIK, suggesting estimation using MR without nomogram adjustment may be feasible for SMILE and FS-LASIK in clinical practice.
Photochromic dinuclear iridium(iii) complexes having phenoxyl-imidazolyl radical complex derivatives
Authors: Okayasu Yoshinori , Miyahara Takuya , Shimada Rintaro , Nagai Yuki , Sakamoto Akira , Abe Jiro , Kobayashi Yoichi
Published: June 2023

We demonstrate that the phenoxyl-imidazolyl radical complex (PIC), which is a rate-tunable fast photoswitch, can be used as a ligand that directly coordinates with iridium (iii) ions.
Limitations of non-polarizable force fields in describing anion binding poses in non-polar synthetic hosts
Authors: Seiferth David , Tucker Stephen J. , Biggin Philip C.
Published: June 2023

We investigate how using polarizable or non-polarizable force fields influences the energetics and binding mode for different anions with synthetic ionophores. Our results have important implications for studying anions in biological channels.
Describing nuclear quantum effects in vibrational properties using molecular dynamics with Wigner sampling
Authors: Tikhonov Denis S. , Vishnevskiy Yury V.
Published: June 2023

In this work we discuss the generally applicable Wigner sampling and introduce a new, simplified Wigner sampling method, for computationally effective modeling of molecular properties containing nuclear quantum effects and vibrational anharmonicity.
Cisplatin binding to angiogenin protein: new molecular pathways and targets for the drug's anticancer activity
Authors: Ferraro Giarita , Sanfilippo Vanessa , Chiaverini Lorenzo , Satriano Cristina , Marzo Tiziano , Merlino Antonello , La Mendola Diego
Published: June 2023

The interaction between cisplatin and angiogenin, a protein strongly expressed in many types of cancer and a potent angiogenic factor, has been investigated.
Synergistic effect of alkali metal doping and thiocyanate passivation in CsPbBr3 for HTM-free all-inorganic perovskite solar cells
Authors: Jiang Shiqiang , Sui Haojie , He Benlin , Zhang Xinyi , Zong Zhihao , Chen Haiyan , Tang Qunwei
Published: June 2023

By improving perovskite film quality, energy level alignment, and healing defect states, alkali metal thiocyanide as dopants helps the HTM-free CsPbBr3 PSCs achieve a champion PCE of 10.38% and excellent humidity stability.
Substrate effect on charging of electrified graphene/water interfaces
Authors: Wang Yongkang , Nagata Yuki , Bonn Mischa
Published: June 2023

Surface-specific spectroscopy study of buried graphene electrodes, supported on different substrates, reveals that graphene charging is decoupled from the charging of its substrate. The substrate governs the reorganization of interfacial water.
Visible light-induced C(sp3)–S bond formation
Authors: Liu Gongbo , Zheng Nan , Duan Xuelun , Sun Xinhao , Song Wangze
Published: June 2023

The conversion of unactivated C(sp3)–H to C(sp3)–S bond was realized through a light-induced radical relay way involving successive SET and HAT process. Ketones could be prepared from thioacids by tandem photocatalytic radical coupling reaction.
Metal deposition and electrocatalysis for elucidating structural changes of gold electrodes during cathodic corrosion
Authors: Elnagar Mohamed M. , Kibler Ludwig A. , Jacob Timo
Published: June 2023

This work provides deep insights into the structural changes likely to occur at cathodes under highly reducing conditions, such as HER, CO2, and N2 reduction, as well as cathodic electro-conversion in various (organic) electrosynthesis reactions.
On-chip monitoring of toxic gases: capture and label-free SERS detection with plasmonic mesoporous sorbents
Authors: Lafuente Marta , Almazán Fernando , Bernad Eduardo , Florea Ileana , Arenal Raul , Urbiztondo Miguel A. , Mallada Reyes , Pina Maria P.
Published: June 2023

A reusable microfluidic SERS chip based on core–shell nanoparticles is validated for label-free monitoring of toxic gases at the ppm level with temporal and spatial resolution using a portable Raman spectrometer.
Visible light-induced synthesis of polysubstituted oxazoles from diazo compounds
Authors: Bai Jinrui , Qi Dan , Song Zhuoheng , Li Bin , Guo Lin , Yang Chao , Xia Wujiong
Published: June 2023

Herein, a visible-light-induced polysubstituted oxazole construction reaction of diazo compounds is reported.
How Do Intermediate Grade Students With and Without Language-Based Learning Disabilities Use Noun Phrases in Narrative Writing?
Authors: Koutsoftas Anthony D. , Nicotera David
Published: June 2023

Purpose:

Noun phrase usage and elaboration is an important feature of literate language. In this study, we described noun phrase usage and elaboration in the narrative writing samples of intermediate grade students with and without language-based learning disabilities.

Method:

Narrative writing samples from 64 students in fourth through sixth grades were coded for five types of noun phrases using coding procedures adapted from prior research. Noun phrase ratios (NPR) were calculated for each type of noun phrase evaluated in the study. NPRs represented the proportion of noun phrases to total clauses produced in the sample.

Results:

Students in this study included all five types of noun phrases in their narrative writing to varying degrees. Between-group differences were observed in the frequency of complex noun phrase usage. Significant relationships between NPRs, analytic writing measures, and a standardized reading measure were observed.

Conclusions:

Noun phrase usage is an important consideration for both theoretical and clinical purposes. Findings from this study are related to theoretical models of writing and levels of language frameworks. The clinical relevance for noun phrase assessment and intervention for intermediate grade students with language-based learning disability is discussed.
Probing the temperature structure of the inner region of a protoplanetary disk
Authors: Ueda Takahiro , Okuzumi Satoshi , Kataoka Akimasa , Flock Mario
Published: June 2023

Context. Disk temperature structure is crucial for the formation of planets. Midplane heating induced by disk accretion plays a key role in determining the disk temperature, particularly at the inner disk midplane where planets are formed. However, the efficiency of accretion heating has been not well constrained by observations.

Aims. Our aim is to observationally constrain the physical properties of the inner region of the CW Tau disk, where the midplane heating potentially takes place.

Methods. We constructed two-dimensional physical models of the CW Tau disk that take the midplane heating into account. We compared the models with the ALMA dust continuum observations at Bands 4, 6, 7, and 8, with an angular resolution of 0″. 1. The observed brightness temperatures are almost wavelength-independent at ≲10 au.

Results. We find that if the maximum dust size is amax ≲100 µm, the brightness temperatures predicted by the model exceed the observed values, regardless of the efficiency of accretion heating. The low observed brightness temperatures can be explained if millimeter scattering reduces the intensity. If the disk is passive, amax needs to be either ~150 µm or more than a few cm. The accretion heating significantly increases the brightness temperature, particularly when amax ≲ 300 µm; thus, the value of amax must be either ~300 µm or over a few cm. The midplane temperature is expected to be ~1.5–3 times higher than the observed brightness temperatures, depending on the models. The dust settling effectively increases the temperature of the dust responsible for the millimeter emission in the active disk, which leads to the model with 300 µm-sized dust overpredicting the brightness temperatures when strong turbulence is absent. Porous dust (porosity of 0.9) makes the accretion heating more efficient, so that some sort of reduction in accretion heating is required.

Conclusions. The brightness temperature is not a simple function of the dust temperature because of the effect of scattering and midplane heating – even when the disk is optically thick. The current data of the CW Tau disk are not sufficient to allow us to discriminate between the passive and active disk models. Future observations at longer wavelengths and higher angular resolution will help to constrain the heating mechanisms of the inner regions of protoplanetary disks.
Associations between Anemia and Outcomes of Pregnant Patients with Pyelonephritis
Authors: Cunningham Hannah M. , Knochenhauer Hope E. , Federspiel Jerome J. , Wein Lauren E. , Denoble Anna E. , Heine R. Phillips , Dotters-Katz Sarah K.
Published: June 2023

Objective This study aims to determine if pregnant patients with both pyelonephritis and anemia are at an increased risk of adverse maternal outcomes compared with those with pyelonephritis without anemia.

Study Design We conducted a retrospective cohort study utilizing the Nationwide Readmissions Database (NRD). Patients with antepartum pyelonephritis-associated hospitalizations from October 2015 to December 2018 were included. International Classification of Diseases codes were used to identify pyelonephritis, anemia, maternal comorbidities, and severe maternal morbidities. The primary outcome was a composite of severe maternal morbidity, as defined by the Centers for Disease Control criteria. Univariate statistical methods, weighted to account for complex survey methods in the NRD, were used to assess for associations between anemia, baseline characteristics, and patient outcomes. Weighted logistic and Poisson regressions were used to assess for associations between anemia and outcomes, adjusting for clinical comorbidities and other confounding factors.

Results In total, 29,296 pyelonephritis admissions were identified, corresponding to a weighted national estimate of 55,135 admissions. Of these, 11,798 (21.3%) were anemic. The rate of severe maternal morbidity was higher among anemic patients than nonanemic patients (27.8 vs. 8.9%, respectively, p < 0.001), and remained higher after adjustment (adjusted relative risk [aRR] 2.86 [95% confidence interval [CI]: 2.67, 3.06]). Rates of individual components of severe maternal morbidities, including acute respiratory distress syndrome (4.0 vs. 0.6%, aRR 3.97 [95% CI: 3.10, 5.08]), sepsis (22.5 vs. 7.9%, aRR 2.64 [95% CI: 2.45, 2.85]), shock (4.5 vs. 0.6%, aRR 5.48 [95% CI: 4.32, 6.95]), and acute renal failure (2.9 vs. 0.8%, aRR 1.99 [95% CI: 1.55, 2.55]) were all higher for anemic pyelonephritis. The mean length of stay was also longer (25% average increase, 95% CI: 22, 28%).

Conclusion Among pregnant patients with pyelonephritis, those with anemia are at greater risk of severe maternal morbidity and longer hospital stay.

Key Points
Feasibility of Cerebellar Measurements with Phased Array Sonography through the Anterior Fontanelle in Comparison to MRI
Authors: Fernandez Alvarez Jose Ramon , Reulecke Bettina , Rabe Heike
Published: June 2023

Objective Cerebral sonography (CS) through the anterior fontanelle is a neonatal brain imaging method that has become an integral part of modern neonatal bedside care for both screening and diagnostic purposes. Premature infants with cognitive delay have a reduction in cerebellar size at term corrected age on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). We aimed to determine the level of agreement between postnatal MRI and CS for cerebellar biometry and to determine the level of agreement within one and between different examiners.

Study Design Cerebellar sonography and MRI measurements of the cerebellum from 30 term infants was assessed by Bland–Altman plots. Measurements between both modalities were compared using Wilcoxon's signed rank test. A p-value < 0.01 was considered statistically significant. Intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC) for intra- and interrater reliabilities of CS measurements were calculated.

Results There was no statistically significant difference between CS and MRI for linear measurements, but the measurements of perimeter and surface area differed significantly between the two techniques. There was a systematic bias between both modalities for most measurements except for anterior–posterior (AP) width and vermis height (VH). For measurements that were not statistically different from MRI, we found excellent intrarater ICC for the AP width, VH, and cerebellar width. The interrater ICC was excellent for the AP width and VH, but poor for the transverse cerebellar width.

Conclusion With a strict imaging protocol, cerebellar measurements of the AP width and the VH can be used as an alternative to MRI for diagnostic-screening purposes in a neonatal department where multiple clinicians perform bedside CS.

Key Points
Superior Vena Cava Flow in Preterm Infants and Neonatal Outcomes: A Systematic Review
Authors: Gautam Bishal , Surak Aimann , Campbell Sandra M. , Kumar Manoj
Published: June 2023

Superior vena cava (SVC) flow has been considered a surrogate marker of systemic blood flow in neonates. We conducted a systematic review to evaluate the association between low SVC flow recorded during the early neonatal period and neonatal outcomes. We searched the following databases (until December 9, 2020; updated October 21, 2022): PROSPERO, OVID Medline, OVID EMBASE, Cochrane Library (CDSR and Central), Proquest Dissertations and Theses Global, and SCOPUS using controlled vocabulary and key words representing the concepts “superior vena cava” and “flow” and “neonate.” Results were exported to COVIDENCE review management software. The search retrieved 593 records after the removal of duplicates, of which 11 studies (nine cohorts) met the inclusion criteria. The majority of the studies included infants born at <30 weeks of gestation. The included studies were assessed as high risk of bias in terms of the incomparability of the study groups, with infants in the low SVC flow group noted to be more immature than those in the normal SVC flow group or subjected to different cointerventions. We did not conduct meta-analyses in view of the significant clinical heterogeneity noted in the included studies. We found little evidence to suggest that SVC flow in the early neonatal period is an independent predictor for adverse clinical outcomes in preterm infants. Included studies were assessed at high risk of bias. We conclude that SVC flow interpretation for prognostication or for making treatment decisions should be restricted to the research setting for now. We highlight the need for strengthened methods in future research studies.

Key Points
Validation and Feasibility of the Postnatal Growth and Retinopathy of Prematurity Retinal Screening Criteria at a Level IV Tertiary Care Neonatal Intensive Care Unit
Authors: Johnson Barbara , Makkar Abhishek , Sessler Rachel , DeShea Lise , Siatkowski R Michael , Bhatti Faizah N.
Published: June 2023

Objective Retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) is detected in preterm infants by standardized screening programs, but in general, they have poor sensitivity. The Postnatal Growth and Retinopathy of Prematurity (G-ROP) algorithm uses weight gain to predict ROP superior reported sensitivity. Our objectives are to (1) independently validate the sensitivity of G-ROP criteria for the detection of ROP in infants born at >28 weeks' gestation in a tertiary care unit in the United States and (2) to calculate the cost savings associated with a potential reduction in examinations.

Study Design This is a retrospective analysis of retinal screening examination data, with post-hoc application of G-ROP criteria to determine whether G-ROP criteria had acceptable sensitivity and specificity in diagnosing Type 1 and Type 2 ROP. All infants born at >28 weeks who were screened by current American Academy of Pediatric Ophthalmologists/American Academy of Pediatrics guidelines at Oklahoma Children's Hospital at the University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, between 2014 and 2019, were included. Subset analysis of infants screened by second tier criteria was also performed. Potential cost savings were estimated by analyzing frequency of billing codes. And by calculating the number of infants who could have potentially been spared examination.

Results The G-ROP criteria had 100% sensitivity in detecting type 1 and 87.6% sensitivity in detecting type 2 ROP, which would have reduced infants screened by 50%. All infants in the second tier who would require treatment were detected. A cost saving of 49% was projected.

Conclusion The G-ROP criteria are easy to apply in real-world setting, thus establishing feasibility. The algorithm identified all cases of type 1 ROP; however, some cases of type 2 ROP were not detected. The annual savings in hospital examination cost by using these criteria would be 50%. Therefore, G-ROP criteria can safely be used to screen for ROP and may reduce the number of unnecessary examinations.

Key Points
Bewegungskontrolle und Bewegungsdysfunktion (1) Unterscheidung am Beispiel der LWS
Authors: Luomajoki Hannu
Published: June 2023

Bei muskuloskelettalen Beschwerden gibt es wissenschaftlich nachgewiesen keine wirkungsvollere Behandlung als eine auf Bewegung und Übungen basierende Therapie. Zur Diagnostik gehören das Beurteilen der Bewegungsqualität und Tests, die Aufschluss über mangelnde Bewegungskontrolle und Bewegungsdysfunktionen geben. Angepasste Übungen, Training und ein verbessertes Bewusstsein für das eigene Bewegungsverhalten sowie eine verbesserte Wahrnehmung für den eigenen Körper durchbrechen bei vielen Betroffenen muskuloskelettale Schmerzmechanismen und führen zurück in ein schmerzfreies Leben. Die folgenden Artikel zeigen exemplarisch am Beispiel Rückenschmerzen die Bedeutung von Bewegungskontrolle und Körperwahrnehmung.
Employing surface plasmons for ultrafast nanoscale applications
Authors: Thompson Avery
Published: June 2023

Ultrafast plasmonics can lead to novel applications in photochemistry, spectroscopy, and information processing.
A waterfall of possibility: probing liquid flatjets with photoelectron spectroscopy
Authors: Patrick Chris
Published: June 2023

Method enables study of the electronic structure of molecules at liquid-liquid interfaces and can probe chemical reactions in real time.
Characterization of wind speed and directional shear at the AWAKEN field campaign site
Authors: Debnath Mithu , Moriarty Patrick , Krishnamurthy Raghavendra , Bodini Nicola , Newsom Rob , Quon Eliot , Lundquist Julie K. , Letizia Stefano , Iungo Giacomo Valerio , Klein Petra
Published: June 2023

The American wake experiment (AWAKEN) is taking place in northern Oklahoma, USA, close to the Atmospheric Radiation Measurement Southern Great Plains (ARM SGP) atmospheric observatory. The planning for the deployment of the instruments in this observational field campaign required an assessment of the wind characteristics of the site. This paper analyzes long-term data collected by instruments at the ARM SGP observatory to characterize the winds near the AWAKEN site. The analysis shows that this site experiences high wind shear and veer events with a large number of nocturnal low-level jets. A total of 7086 low-level jet wind profiles over 6 years are examined and found to be dominant from the south and southeast. Significant nocturnal wind veer is observed, which causes southerly wind near the surface to become westerly wind aloft. By identifying a strong relationship between atmospheric stability and wind shear, the wind shear at the site is predicted using the Monin–Obukhov similarity theory (MOST) and validated with the observational data collected by a scanning Doppler lidar. The results show that wind speed at a height of 91 m, a proxy hub height for wind turbines in this area, can be predicted from data collected at a height of 10 m with a bias of −0.35 and 0.65 m s−1 in unstable and stable atmospheric boundary layers, respectively. The bias of the predicted wind speed is mostly in the region of low wind speed, and wind speed above 5 m s−1 at a height of 91 m can be predicted with a bias of less than 0.2 m s−1, and the limitations of the MOST in predicting winds during the stably stratified boundary layer is well-observed.