bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The inner life of the planet: Earth system science in moral time
Authors: Bendik-Keymer Jeremy
Published: July 2024

This paper stages a dialectic between natural science and moral responsibility by considering the idea that deep time and planetary causality exceed moral thought in various ways. The view has been offered by the influential historian Dipesh Chakrabarty reporting on the views of Earth system scientists. Yet it seems to rest on some confusion about what moral relatedness involves. Considering how moral time can internalize planetary time, I take up how the time of the Earth can pertain to one's inner life when facing mortality and one's own integrity as a human being. For the sake of having lived with some integrity, it makes sense for people to confront the historical injustice that has led to the planetary disintegration that all beings on Earth currently face. Moral time is then historical time, the time of living in the wake of injustice for a world with planetary justice in it. Overall, the paper argues for a soulful sense of time against a socially alienated and purportedly objective sense of deep, geologic time.
How to Renew Business Ethics Education?
Authors: Zsolnai Laszlo
Published: July 2024

Business ethics education is losing credibility worldwide. This is partly due to the experience that teaching ethics in business schools does not necessarily help future professionals to be more ethical in business. The article agrees with Claus Dierksmeier’s criticism of conventional business ethics education and suggests that business ethics courses should be renewed both in contents and pedagogy. The article advances a position that business ethics education is much needed in business schools as they can give room for both students and faculty for transformational learning and moral growth.
Contributions of Employability Capitals to the Employability of Chinese International Graduates in Australia
Authors: Tang Melody , Pham Thanh , Saito Eisuke
Published: July 2024

Although increasing attention has been paid to the importance of different forms of capital in graduate employability, few studies have investigated the contribution of capital to the employability of international graduates in the host labor market. This study aimed to explore how six forms of capital (human, social, cultural, psychological, identity, and agentic) contribute to the employability of Chinese international graduates in Australia. This study deploys Bourdieusian theories and a capitals-based approach as complementary theoretical frameworks. A mixed-methods approach was used in this study. Data were first collected via an online survey ( N = 203) and then through in-depth interviews ( N = 14). The quantitative results showed that cultural capital made the highest self-perceived contribution to employability, whereas social capital made the lowest contribution. The qualitative findings revealed that capital not only helped the participants obtain employment but also enhanced their wellbeing, sustainable employment, and professional growth.
The qualitative leaps of the accounting discipline in Italy between the nineteenth and twentieth century
Authors: Coronella Stefano , Maran Laura
Published: July 2024

This work intends to respond to the call of Edwards and Walker in 2009, who encourage the study of accounting in diverse socio-cultural contexts, by shedding light on one of the longest accounting traditions in Europe, the Italian one. In Italy, the history of accounting is much broader than the adoption of double-entry bookkeeping, and the rise of specific philosophical concepts and scholarship has not been explored in-depth yet. This study highlights the context and innovations, which characterised the significant Italian accounting debate between the nineteenth and twentieth centuries. Through the narrative analysis of the works of Fabio Besta and Gino Zappa, it provides an explanatory framework for double-entry bookkeeping that connects the recording method to the system of records and allows for the emergence of the accounting discipline known as economia aziendale.
Cues of Caring: How Students Perceive That Faculty in Online Classes Do (or Don’t) Care
Authors: Bolinger Alexander R. , Bolinger Mark T. , Conner Kelsey , Morgan Jeffrey , Perry Sophia
Published: July 2024

Caring has been an animating driver of the scholarship of teaching and learning and the founding of the Journal of Management Education 50 years ago. However, as business schools have moved quickly toward offering more online courses, researchers have not systematically explored the cues that students in online classes use to evaluate whether or not their instructors care. Drawing inspiration from Hawk and Lyons’ classic JME article on student perceptions of faculty caring in face-to-face classes, this study uses concept mapping to identify cues that students use to evaluate whether faculty do or do not care. Our findings suggest that students in online synchronous classes rely on many of the same interpersonal and attributional cues to infer that faculty care (e.g., responsiveness, personalization, faculty enthusiasm, and willingness to invest time) as students in face-to-face classes. In particular, we highlight a distinction between caring for students as people and caring for students’ learning outcomes. We also find, however, that the cues used to perceive that faculty don’t care are qualitatively different from those used to determine that faculty care. We discuss the implications of our findings for equipping management educators to communicate care to students in the 21st century.
“I Want Everybody to Know as Much of My Life Story as They Can”: Life Stories of Former Foster Youth
Authors: Havlicek Judy , Lansing Jiffy
Published: July 2024

The power of stories shared by young people in foster care is well-documented. Largely left unexplored is a story of foster care that is told within a fuller context of the life course. Using narrative and life history methods, this study sought to retrospectively identify and connect life experiences in histories of young people and explore how systems are portrayed. Twelve adults formerly in foster care completed three interviews each and nominated six professionals from foster care for an interview. A three-phase analytical process identified and displayed themes across six developmental stages. Results suggest that life stories contained adversities that were: (1) intergenerational, (2) chronic, (3) complex, and (4) structural. The participants intentionally acted to try to mitigate adversities by accessing opportunities for prosocial pathways. These exploratory findings challenge child welfare policy and practice to attend to young people’s life stories and their conceptions of systems that advance well-being.
Perspectives, Treatment Goals, and Approaches of Prevention-Specialist Mental Health Professionals in Working With Clients Attracted to Children
Authors: Nematy Azadeh , Flynn Susan , McCarthy-Jones Simon
Published: July 2024

The provision of effective mental health services to individuals attracted to children is rapidly expanding. However, these services have not yet been integrated into general mental healthcare systems and are mainly offered by organizations that predominantly provide services to child sexual abuse perpetrators. Little is known about the perspective, treatment goals, and approaches employed by prevention-specialist mental health professionals when working with clients attracted to children. To address this gap, we used purposive sampling to recruit 10 practitioners who had experience of working in prevention settings with clients attracted to children. After conducting semi-structured interviews and analyzing data through interpretative phenomenological analysis, we identified three main themes and four subthemes within the data. While most participants believed that attraction to minors is unmodifiable or doubted the possibility of modifiability, this belief did not necessarily manifest in their practice. Participants stressed the importance of finding safe alternatives for clients and highlighted the significance of accessing evidence-based information on alternative sexual outlets, such as sex dolls. One overarching theme that emerged across all themes and within participants' accounts was the concern of escalation, indicating a fear that pedophilic fantasies or alternative sexual outlets such as sex dolls could potentially lead to sexual offenses. The findings shed light on the approach of prevention-specialist mental health professionals in working with clients attracted to children and may be used to inform future intervention plans to facilitate service provision to this population.
EFL Special Education Teachers’ Perspectives: Evaluating Game-Based Learning for ADHD Behavioral Disorders
Authors: Mohamed Amr M. , Shaaban Tahany S. , Jmaiel Hassen Alazhar
Published: July 2024

Objective:

The purpose of this study was to examine the perspectives of English as a Foreign Language Special Education teachers (EFLSE) regarding game-based learning approaches for addressing behavioral disorders in ADHD patients.

Method:

The study involved a sample ( n = 131) of EFLSE teachers who completed a questionnaire to determine how feasible, acceptable, and helpful they found game-based learning.

Results:

The study revealed that EFLSE teachers perceive game-based learning to be a feasible and acceptable method for engaging ADHD students and helping to maintain their attention during game-based learning activities. Nevertheless, implementation and individualized approaches are cited as challenges. Additionally, EFLSE teachers emphasized the benefits of game-based learning, including improved problem-solving, assessment methods, collaboration, and the acquisition of academic skills.

Conclusions:

The study contributes insights for educators, policymakers, and researchers that can support the development of evidence-based interventions offering game-based learning for students with ADHD.
The AR Cloud: Navigating Metaverse Augmentation Technologies for Enhanced Co-Creation of Value Within Services
Authors: Alimamy Saifeddin , Jung Timothy
Published: July 2024

In the rapidly evolving landscape of metaverse technologies, the potential for enhancing service interactions is immense. However, many of these technologies fall short in offering context-driven and customizable experiences. This paper proposes that AR Cloud (ARC), a novel external metaverse technology can bridge this gap. ARC stands out by enabling real-time interactions, fostering contextual awareness, ensuring high content flexibility, promoting social engagement, and delivering personalized experiences. We present a conceptual model that juxtaposes ARC with established metaverse augmentation technologies, such as lifelogging and augmented reality. Our discussion focuses on the transformative impact of ARC on the value co-creation process, emphasizing the enhanced well-being outcomes—both hedonic and eudemonic—that arise from ARC-powered service interactions. We conclude by charting a course for future research on ARC, touching upon its attributes, potential moderating variables, its role in sustained value co-creation, and the potential service outcomes it could support.
Cross-cultural approaches in music education in colleges and universities / Enfoques interculturales en la educación musical de la Educación Secundaria y Universitaria
Authors: Wei Zhe Yuan
Published: July 2024

The purpose of the present research is to study cross-cultural approaches in music education in colleges and universities. This study builds on an empirical approach using a questionnaire. It involved a total of 298 students and 280 schoolchildren. This research implied elaborating a training programme for study participants. The questionnaire facilitated defining the disadvantages of the programme. Thus, it was possible to conclude that it necessitates adding a number of elements. The most common elements included the emphasis on identifying the historical features of various musical compositions (35%) and studying the theory using the Dalcroze method (28%). Students believe that applying cross-cultural approaches within the training will improve the effectiveness of education. The results showed that the distribution of students regarding their academic performance was almost the same within one level of knowledge. Using the Cohen’s coefficient helped define the aforementioned statement.
A performative critical management studies: Developing a critical management pedagogy as intellectual activism praxis
Authors: Manning Jennifer
Published: July 2024

In this paper, I take Contu’s call for a performative turn in critical management studies into my teaching as a form of intellectual activism praxis. I problematise management learning and education in regard to perpetuating inequalities, and offer a critical management pedagogy as a form of intellectual activism praxis to help infuse management education with a critical and socially conscience awareness. This paper is a reflexive account of the development of my critical management pedagogy and an analytical discussion weaving together the practice of a critical management education with intellectual activism. I argue that business schools need to question the relationship between neoliberal capitalism and our global epoch of crisis and uncertainty, and that as management educators we must consider how we might inform this relationship. In our teaching, we are often complicit in practices and institutions that reproduce economic and environmental exploitation, white supremacy, heteronormativity and colonial and patriarchal relations. Inspired by Freire’s critical pedagogy, I developed a critical management module to try engage students’ critical and social conscience by providing them with a space to think critically about the social, political and economic phenomena that shape individuals and societies, and the tools to engage in new ways of thinking to challenge systematic inequalities. This paper contributes insight into the context and praxis of developing and delivering this module.
The mental health of first- and second-generation migrant vs. native healthcare workers during the COVID-19 pandemic: The VOICE survey of 7,187 employees in the German healthcare sector
Authors: Herold Regina , Morawa Eva , Schug Caterina , Geiser Franziska , Beschoner Petra , Jerg-Bretzke Lucia , Albus Christian , Weidner Kerstin , Hiebel Nina , Borho Andrea , Erim Yesim
Published: July 2024

The COVID-19 pandemic exacerbated the challenging working conditions of healthcare workers (HCWs) in many regions. A considerable proportion of HCWs in Germany are migrants facing additional migration-related stressors. The aim of this cross-sectional web-based survey was to examine depressive and generalized anxiety symptoms among migrant and native HCWs in Germany during the pandemic. We compared 780 migrant (first- and second-generation) HCWs from different backgrounds with 6,407 native HCWs. Multiple linear regression analyses were used to examine associations between occupational and COVID-19 related variables, controlling for sociodemographics. Migrant HCWs from low-/middle-income countries more frequently had clinically relevant depressive symptoms (PHQ-2 ≥ 3) than did those from high-income countries (29.9% vs. 16.7%, p = .002, ϕ = .156) (all other ϕs/Cramer's Vs ≤ .036). There were no clinically relevant differences in anxiety levels (GAD-2 ≥ 3) between native vs. migrant HCWs, native vs. the individual migrant HCW groups, or between the sexes (all ϕs/Cramer's Vs ≤ .036). After controlling for key sociodemographic characteristics, native HCWs did not differ from the individual migrant HCW groups on depression and anxiety severity (depression: all βs ≤ |.030|, anxiety: all βs ≤ |.014|). A high percentage of HCWs reported distress, with migrants from low-/middle-income countries reporting highest burden. The results indicate the need to establish prevention programmes for HCWs, with special consideration to vulnerable populations including certain migrant groups.
Recommended target audience, course content and learning arrangements for teaching health informatics competencies: A scoping review
Authors: Mannevaara Pauleen , Saranto Kaija , Kinnunen Ulla-Mari , Hübner Ursula
Published: July 2024

Background: As healthcare depends on health information technology, there is a growing need for Health Informatics competencies in daily practice. This review aimed to explore how the teaching of education in HI has been arranged. 28 publications, published in English between 2016 and 2020 and obtained from selected bibliographic databases, were reviewed. The data was analyzed using deductive content analysis with the following pre-formulated topics: target audience, course content and learning arrangements. The results highlight three key competencies: documentation and communication, management, and understanding of health information technology. It underlines a blended teaching method to improve the competencies of healthcare professionals, graduates, undergraduates, and suggests adding active interactions, multi-professional interactions, and hands-on skills. This study highlights the importance of adapting to changes in healthcare, improving HI competencies in healthcare, and fostering positive digital experiences. It underlined the need for practical training, in theory and hands-on sessions, including key competencies in documentation and communication, management and health information systems.
Rights and freedoms during covert investigations: Balance between security and personal freedoms
Authors: Babikov Oleksandr , Svintsytskyi Andrii V , Nazarov Viktor V , Kosilova Olha I , Bozhyk Valerii
Published: July 2024

The aim of this article is to determine and assess the feasibility of using covert investigations against special entities, identifying the risks of unwarranted interference in a person’s private life during application of these investigations, and developing general principles of covert investigation to observe fundamental human rights and freedoms. These requirements are enshrined in the criminal procedure legislation of Ukraine, European Union legislation and the legal positions of the European Court of Human Rights (ECtHR). To achieve this research aim, a range of methods was used. A comparative method was used to analyse the international and domestic legislation of Ukraine and other states; a dogmatic method was applied to study the legal positions of the ECtHR on covert investigations; a dialectical method helped to establish the principles of additional guarantees for special subjects; and the general principles of ensuring the rights and freedoms of special entities during covert investigations were analysed. As a result, it is suggested that Ukrainian legislation regarding covert investigations against special entities should be amended and criteria for lawful and unlawful interference in personal communications be introduced.
Free vibration analysis of rotating sandwich panels with carbon nanotubes reinforced face sheets and honeycomb core in thermal environments using finite element method
Authors: Biswas Debarshi , Singha Tripuresh Deb , Bandyopadhyay Tanmoy
Published: July 2024

The present work investigates the free vibration response of rotating sandwich panels comprising nanoparticle-reinforced face sheets and a metallic honeycomb core using the finite element method (FEM). The honeycomb core is either re-entrant or non-re-entrant, while the composite face sheets are made of poly-methyl methacrylate (PMMA) matrix reinforced by carbon nanotubes (CNTs). The deformations of the sandwich panel are modelled using a higher-order shear deformation theory (HSDT), considering seven degrees of freedom at each node. The effective properties of the CNTs reinforced face sheets depend on the working temperature and CNTs grading pattern and are evaluated with the help of the extended rule of mixture (EROM). The titanium alloy-based metallic honeycomb core properties depend on the inclination angle and rib-thickness ratio. The work considers the influence of crucial parameters like inclined angle, rib-thickness ratio, pre-twist angle, panel aspect ratio, core-to-face sheet thickness ratio, rotational speed and hub radius. A decrease in the natural frequency is observed with an increase in the honeycomb angle, while the reverse trend occurs with an increase in the rib-thickness ratio of the honeycomb core. An increase in the rotational speed and hub radius increases the natural frequencies irrespective of the CNTs distribution pattern. Also, the analysis involves plotting the mode shapes at different honeycomb angles. The first mode shape indicates the first bending for higher values of the auxetic angles, while it is the first twist mode at lower values.
3D printing of sustainable wood-based bio-composites for high-end custom carton
Authors: Jiang Kaiyi , Wu Bin , Guo Yanling
Published: July 2024

This research delves into an upscale, personalised packaging paradigm employing 3D printing and a bio-composite derived from esteemed rosewood. The study incorporates a design for additive manufacturing, enhancing designers’ flexibility, and fostering innovation. To address global sustainability imperatives, including efficiency, energy conservation, a low carbon footprint and ecological compatibility, a premium and sustainable rosewood/polyethersulfone (PES) composite is developed. Laser sintering (LS), renowned for its processing flexibility, is applied for crafting intricate packages. A weight ratio of 1:4 of rosewood to PES is highly suitable for LS processing. The resultant custom carton, embodying natural rosewood aesthetics and fragrance, exhibits commendable mechanical robustness and precision. Tensile and bending strengths reach peaks of 4.880 MPa and 7.870 MPa, respectively, under a 9-W laser power. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) analysis confirms the favourable dispersion of rosewood fibres in LS specimens, providing insights into the microstructure of the composite powder.
Social workers’ perspectives on adapting methods during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Khatib Anwar , Kapolnik Erga , Abo-Rass Fareeda
Published: July 2024

This study sought to investigate the experiences and adaptations of social workers during the transition from face-to-face to online interventions amid the initial wave of COVID-19 in Israel. In-depth interviews were conducted with 27 social workers who had exclusively delivered face-to-face treatment before. Thematic analysis was employed to analyze the interviews.

Findings

Data analysis revealed five primary themes concerning the transition from face-to-face face-to-face to online interventions, highlighting the challenges faced by social workers during this shift. The adjustment process was swift and often involuntary. It initiated with a shock stage, marked by difficulties in accepting the new reality due to uncertainties related to technical aspects, technological means, and social workers’ attitudes toward the transition. The process concluded with social workers accepting the new reality, discovering new meanings, and gaining insights into themselves, the method, and the process.

Applications

Integrating the online method into the training processes of social workers could have mitigated most challenges encountered during the transition between treatment methods. Shifts in attitudes and perceptions towards the online method result from practical experience and serve as the foundation for its application in professional work, enabling the realization of its benefits.
Interactions of row blades of a marine compressor based on POD analysis
Authors: Lu Huabing , Xiao Youhong , Liu Zhigang , Yuan Ye , Zhou Peilin
Published: July 2024

The complex internal flow of the marine low-pressure compressor (LPC) is characterized by a series of unsteady flow structures, presenting extensive temporal and spatial features that pose challenges to direct data analysis. This paper employs the Unsteady Reynolds-averaged Navier Stokes (URANS) method to simulate a marine 1.5-stage LPC with full-channel configuration. Validation of the compressor’s overall characteristics and the unsteady pressure is achieved through comparison with experimental data. Additionally, the Proper Orthogonal Decomposition (POD) method is applied to decompose the velocity and pressure fields in various computational regions. The results demonstrate that the combined use of URANS and POD facilitates detailed insights into blade interactions. The consistency between time-averaged variables and POD modes underscores the practical physical significance of the POD modes. Furthermore, the study reveals that the Rotor-Stator interaction significantly outweighs the Inlet Guide Vane (IGV)-Rotor interaction. The coherent modal pairs generated by different interferences exhibit diverse characteristics within the computational domain, with distinct frequencies observed for the same interference reaction in the upstream and downstream regions. Notably, the POD modes of the rotor pressure field unveil a separation bubble structure.
Development and experimental validation of a novel twin injector concept for a biogas diesel RCCI engine
Authors: Sukumaran Nair Gopa Kumar , Balakrishnan Akhil , Ramesh Asvathanarayanan
Published: July 2024

A bi-fuel RCCI engine that uses a low reactivity renewable fuel like biogas along with diesel can decrease the NOx emissions and at the same time operate with high efficiency. Generally, diesel is injected in pulses, one very early and the other close to TDC. The early injection if done with conventional wide angle diesel injectors leads to wall wetting resulting in high THC, CO and adversely affects the efficiency. In this work a combination of injectors, one with a narrow angle between the sprays and the other with a wide angle between the sprays (NW Injectors) was evaluated for early and near TDC injections respectively in a biogas diesel RCCI engine. Simulations with a validated CFD model were used to determine the suitable injection parameters including the orientation of the spray holes, number of holes of the Narrow angle Injector (NI), fuel split ratio between narrow and wide injectors, injection timing and injection pressure. The studies indicated that the NI sprays have to hit the periphery of the piston bowl for good mixture preparation. The 3-hole NI configuration with the sprays aimed at the periphery of the piston bowl resulted in minimum fuel deposition, highest efficiency, and lowest soot and HC emissions. The NI was subsequently manufactured, installed on the engine and experiments were conducted in the biogas diesel NW RCCI mode for determining the performance and emissions and for comparing the same with the single Wide angle Injector RCCI (WI RCCI) mode in order to bring out its potential.
Terrorism as Coalitional Predation: Explaining Definitional Ambiguities and Precautionary Responses
Authors: Moncrieff Michael
Published: July 2024

Terrorism continues to be an enigmatic and contested concept, lacking a universally accepted definition despite extensive scholarly debate. Lay intuitions, however, demonstrate a notable convergence in identifying acts as “terrorism” when specific situational features are present, such as indiscriminate violence and out-group perpetration. These features elicit predictable and robust precautionary responses, raising the question: Is there a unified and parsimonious explanation for these phenomena? It is hypothesized that a situational template exists in the human mind, the coalitional predation template (CPT), which evolved not to detect modern-day terrorism, per se, but to identify and respond to situations of predatory coalitional conflict. The paper examines the potential cues and mechanisms that constitute the psychological systems activated by such threats, suggesting that matching the input cues of the CPT triggers well-documented precautionary responses to terrorism. However, this cue-based system may not align neatly with contemporary threats, leading to disproportionate responses to some threats while underestimating others. The model also posits that interpretations of violence can vary due to incomplete cues and the social position of the evaluator, leading to public disagreements and inconsistencies in defining terrorism. Consequently, arriving at an unambiguous and widely accepted definition of terrorism may not be possible. The model presented may account for a range of phenomena, including the inclination towards attributing mental illness to particular violent incidents and the uncanny surface similarities between terrorism and war crimes. The findings have significant implications for both the theoretical understanding of terrorism and practical policy responses.
Damage identification of steel bridge based on data augmentation and adaptive optimization neural network
Authors: Huang Minshui , Zhang Jianwei , Li Jun , Deng Zhihang , Luo Jin
Published: July 2024

With the advancement of deep learning, data-driven structural damage identification (SDI) has shown considerable development. However, collecting vibration signals related to structural damage poses certain challenges, which can undermine the accuracy of the identification results produced by data-driven SDI methods in scenarios where data is scarce. This paper introduces an innovative approach to bridge SDI in a few-shot context by integrating an adaptive simulated annealing particle swarm optimization-convolutional neural network (ASAPSO-CNN) as the foundational framework, augmented by data enhancement techniques. Firstly, three specific types of noise are introduced to augment the source signals used for training. Subsequently, the source signals and augmented signals are recombined to construct a four-dimensional matrix as the input to the CNN, while defining the damage feature vector as the output. Secondly, a CNN is constructed to establish the mapping relationship between the input and output. Then, an adaptive fitness function is proposed that simultaneously considers the accuracy of SDI, model complexity, and training efficiency. The ASAPSO is employed to adaptively optimize the hyperparameters of the CNN. The proposed method is validated on an experimental model of a three-span continuous beam. It is compared with four other data-driven methods, demonstrating good effectiveness and robustness of SDI under cases of scarce data. Finally, the effectiveness of this SDI method is validated in a real-world case of a steel truss bridge.
Analysis of the galleries cracking causes in the backfill area of pumped storage power station based on monitoring and numerical simulation: a case study of Hohhot upper reservoir
Authors: Qiu Wen , Li Yanlong , Wen Lifeng , Si Zheng , Zhang Ye , Duan Yongtao
Published: July 2024

Pumped storage power stations usually arrange galleries in the backfill area at the bottom of the reservoir basin. Under the influence of uneven deformation, the galleries may be difficult to adapt to deformation and generate cracking, which can affect dam safety. In this study, the upper reservoir of Hohhot pumped storage power station was taken as a case study. Through a combination of monitoring data and numerical simulation, the deformation characteristics of the galleries on the backfill foundation were analyzed, and the causes and mechanisms of galleries cracking and structural joints damage were revealed. The in situ monitoring records cover the internal settlement of the dam, the deformation and seepage flow of the galleries, and the ambient temperature. Based on actual engineering data, a numerical model considering the structure and filling method of dam, backfill area, and gallery was established, and the calculation parameters of rockfill material constitutive model were inverted by the direct back analysis method. The monitoring data analysis and numerical calculations showed that the long length of the gallery and the sudden drop of the ambient temperature were the main reasons for the longitudinal microcracks in the top arch of the galleries in the backfill area; the strong constraint of bedrock and the uneven settlement of backfill foundation were the root causes for the penetrating cracks in the galleries at the junction of backfill area and bedrock. In addition, the depth of the gallery embedded in the bedrock determines the deformation form (torsional deformation or bending deformation) of the galleries at the junction of the backfill area and bedrock. Based on the monitoring and numerical simulation, the long-term deformation of the galleries and the development of structural joints were also predicted.
Multi-time Lamb waves space wavenumber imaging method based on ultrasonic-guided wavefield
Authors: Liu Zenghua , Liu Xiaoyu , Zhu Yanping , Lu Zhaojing , Chen Long , Wu Bin , He Cunfu
Published: July 2024

Ultrasonic-guided waves full wavefield scanning technology can realize non-destructive testing with non-contact. The damage detection method based on ultrasonic-guided waves’ full wavefield data is widely used in thin-walled plate structures. The defect imaging method based on full wavefield data faces the challenge of simultaneously obtaining the defect contour and thickness direction information. Based on the ultrasonic-guided waves full wavefield scanning detection technology, this paper proposes a multi-time Lamb waves space wavenumber imaging method. In this method, the analytic signal of Lamb wavefield at each moment is constructed by Hilbert transform, and the phase unwrapping is carried out by amplitude sorting and multi-clustering method. Then the wavenumber information is obtained by calculating the phase gradient. The wavenumber at different times of each measurement point is arranged in descending order, and the median wavenumber is extracted as the wavenumber at each measurement point. Based on the dispersion relationship of the tested specimen, the quantitative detection of the plate thickness in the detection area is realized. This method is first applied to the simulation model. Then it is applied to the defect imaging and quantitative detection of aluminum plates with rectangular groove defects and carbon fiber reinforced plastics (CFRP) plates with delamination defects. In simulation and experiment, the local wavenumber imaging method, the frequency domain instantaneous wavenumber imaging method, and the multi-time Lamb waves space wavenumber imaging method are used for defect imaging and quantification. The imaging results are compared and analyzed. The result shows that the multi-time Lamb waves space wavenumber imaging method can restore the morphology of groove defects in aluminum plates and delamination defects in CFRP plates, and accurately estimate the depth of groove defects and the location of delamination defects.
A multi-order moment matching-based unsupervised domain adaptation with application to cross-working condition fault diagnosis of rolling bearings
Authors: Chang Qi , Fang Congcong , Zhou Wei , Meng Xianghui
Published: July 2024

Unsupervised domain adaptation-based transfer learning (TL) has been widely used in rolling bearing fault diagnosis to overcome the problem of limited and non-identically distributed labeled data. Discrepancy-based alignment is a popular domain adaptation method in TL. However, due to the inability to completely eliminate domain drift, the classifier learned from the source domain may easily misclassify some target domain samples that are scattered near the decision edge. In this work, a multi-order moment matching-based domain adaptation is proposed to address the issue. Low- and high-order moment matching is simultaneously applied to describe the complex non-Gaussian distributions in more detail and realize coarse- and fine-grained hybrid domain alignment. Furthermore, a discriminative clustering approach is employed to extract domain-invariant features of inter-class discrimination and intra-class compactness, which effectively reduces the negative transfer caused by hard-aligned target samples. The application of the proposed model to the experimental dataset demonstrates that the model can significantly improve the diagnosis accuracy of rolling bearing faults in cross-working conditions. This study can be of assistance to engineers in promptly identifying and addressing rolling bearing faults, ultimately enhancing the reliability and safety of equipment.
Adaptive time-domain impact extraction method for multi-source impact vibration signal of diesel engine
Authors: Zhao Nanyang , Liu Chao , Jiang Dongxiang , Zhang Jinjie , Jiang Zhinong
Published: July 2024

Diesel engines are widely used in fields such as ships, vehicles, and nuclear power. The vibration signals of a diesel engine’s casing exhibit a characteristic of intermittent distribution of multi-source impacts. In response to the challenges faced by existing feature extraction methods in identifying and localizing impact signals, this paper proposes the adaptive time-domain impact extraction (ATDIE) method, which is based on the characteristics of impact signals exhibiting local high-energy distribution in the time domain and rapid amplitude decay. The purpose of the ATDIE method is to extract various impact components from multi-source impact signals. The ATDIE method constructs a solution model with the goal of minimizing the signal’s multi-order amplitude central moments. By using the residual iterative solution method, the number of extracted components is adaptively determined. Then, an impact window optimization function is established to enhance the adaptability. Finally, the test results with both simulation signals and diesel engine signals demonstrate that the ATDIE method possesses good capabilities for impact extraction and computational efficiency.
Corrosion failure analysis of nuts and locking device assembly at airliner hatch door rods
Authors: Zhang Ruihan , Li Zhen , Wang Lijia , Xu Liang
Published: July 2024

Alloy steel and stainless-steel possess properties such as high strength, easy processing and outstanding mechanical properties after cadmium electroplating. They are widely used in aerospace, automotive and construction fields. However, the above steel parts are prone to be susceptible to hydrogen embrittlement, corrosion and other aging phenomena, resulting in the reduction of the flight safety factor. In this work, based on the actual situation of corrosion of the cadmium plating layer of cargo door rods and boarding gate/service hatch door rods, the cadmium acetate (short for (CH3COO)2Cd) leads to the failure of the jam nuts and locking device assembly, the cause and mechanism of the corrosion in the storage environment are analysed. Compared with the slightly corrosion jam nuts (19.18 kN and 370 HVI), the tensile property and hardness of the jam nuts with serious corrosion respectively decreased to 17.39 kN and 417 HVI, by 10.10% and 3.8%, which will reduce performance impacts on the safe flight and daily maintenance of aircraft. By improving the warehouse storage environment and operators’ specification documents, these problems have been avoided, and experience has been provided for parts anti-corrosion and batch production of airliner route operation.
MiR362-3p Alleviates Osteosarcoma by Regulating the IL6ST/JAK2/STAT3 Pathway in Vivo and in Vitro
Authors: Hu Yunteng , Li Jianjun , Liu Chun , Zhang Xue , Wang Yihan , Lin Jiezhao , Peng Ziyue , Zhu Lixin
Published: July 2024

Objectives: To investigate the effects and the related signaling pathway of miR-362-3p on OS. Methods: The bioinformatics analysis approaches were employed to investigate the target pathway of miR-362-3p. After the 143B and U2OS cells and nu/nu male mice were randomly divided into blank control (BC) group, normal control (NC) group, and overexpression group (OG), the CCK-8, EdU staining, wound healing assay, Transwell assay, and TUNEL staining were adopted to respectively determine the effects of overexpressed miR-362-3p on the cell viability, proliferation, migration, invasion, and apoptosis of 143B and U2OS cells in vitro, tumor area assay and hematoxylin and eosin staining were employed to respectively determine the effects of overexpressed miR-362-3p on the growth and pathological injury of OS tissue in vivo. The qRT-PCR, Western blot, and immunohistochemical staining were applied to respectively investigate the effects of overexpressed miR-362-3p on the IL6ST/JAK2/STAT3 pathway in OS in vivo and in vitro. Results: The bioinformatics analysis approaches combined qRT-PCR indicated that the IL6ST/JAK2/STAT3 is one of the target pathways of miR-362-3p. Compared with NC, the cell viability, proliferation, migration, and invasion of 143B and U2OS cells were dramatically ( P < 0.01) inhibited but the apoptosis was prominently ( P <0 .0001) promoted in OG. Compared with NC, the growth of OS tissue was significantly ( P < 0.05) suppressed and the pathological injury of OS tissue was substantially aggravated in OG. The gene expression levels of IL6ST, JAK2, and STAT3 and the protein expression levels of IL6ST, JAK2, p-JAK2, STAT3, and p-STAT3 in 143B and U2OS cells were memorably ( P < 0.0001) lower in OG than those in NC. In addition, the positively stained areas of proteins of IL6ST, JAK2, p-JAK2, STAT3, and p-STAT3 of OS tissue in OG were markedly ( P < 0.01) reduced compared with those in NC. Conclusion: The overexpression of miR362-3p alleviates OS by inhibiting the IL6ST/JAK2/STAT3 pathway in vivo and in vitro.
Bounding program benefits when participation is misreported: Estimation and inference with Stata
Authors: Lin Andy , Tommasi Denni , Zhang Lina
Published: July 2024

Instrumental-variables estimation is an approach commonly used to evaluate the effect of a program in case of noncompliance. However, when the binary treatment status is misreported, standard techniques are not sufficient to point identify and consistently estimate the effect of interest. We present a new command, ivbounds, that implements three partial identification strategies developed by Tommasi and Zhang (2024, Journal of Econometrics 238: 105556) to bound the heterogeneous treatment effect when both noncompliance and misreporting of treatment status are present. We illustrate the use of the command by reassessing the benefits of participating in the 401(k) pension plan on savings in the United States.
Estimating Skellam distribution and regression parameters in Stata
Authors: Verardi Vincenzo , Vermandele Catherine
Published: July 2024

The Skellam distribution is a discrete probability distribution related to the difference between two independent Poisson-distributed random variables. It has been used in a variety of contexts, including sports or supply and demand imbalances in shared transportation. Stata does not support the Skellam distribution or Skellam regression. We present a command, skellamreg, to estimate the parameters of a Skellam distribution and Skellam regression model using Mata’s optimize function.
The Problem of Pragmatism: Local Politics and Leading for Equity From the Superintendency
Authors: Coviello James C.
Published: July 2024

Those tasked with leading large school districts direct incredibly complex organizations in what are often contentious political and social contexts, with powerful stakeholder groups espousing conflicting policy priorities. Because of their high-profile positions, superintendents often face uniquely persistent and powerful resistance and must navigate this complex decision- and policy-making atmosphere in order to effectively promote durable, long-term equitable change. This case provides useful lessons on advocating for equity from the superintendency and provides space for reflection on the practical implications of leading for equity in a dynamic and potentially fraught leadership environment.
Linear and nonlinear flame response prediction of turbulent flames using neural network models
Authors: Tathawadekar Nilam , Ösün Alper , Eder Alexander J. , Silva Camilo F. , Thuerey Nils
Published: July 2024

Modelling the flame response of turbulent flames via data-driven approaches is challenging due, among others, to the presence of combustion noise. Neural network methods have shown good potential to infer laminar flames’ linear and nonlinear flame response when externally forced with broadband signals. The present work extends those studies and analyses the ability of neural network models to evaluate the linear and nonlinear flame response of turbulent flames. In the first part of this work, the neural network is trained to evaluate and interpolate the linear flame response model when presented with data obtained at various thermal conditions. In the second part, the neural network is trained to infer the nonlinear flame response model when presented with time series exhibiting sufficient large amplitudes. In both cases, the data is obtained from a large eddy simulation of an academic combustor when acoustically forced by broadband signals.
Predictive analytics for early detection of hospital-acquired complications: An artificial intelligence approach
Authors: Mukhtar Syed Aqif , McFadden Benjamin R , Islam Md Tauhidul , Zhang Qiu Yue , Alvandi Ehsan , Blatchford Philippa , Maybury Samantha , Blakey John , Yeoh Pammy , McMullen Brendon C
Published: July 2024

Background:

Hospital-acquired complications (HACs) have an adverse impact on patient recovery by impeding their path to full recovery and increasing healthcare costs.

Objective:

The aim of this study was to create a HAC risk prediction machine learning (ML) framework using hospital administrative data collections within North Metropolitan Health Service (NMHS), Western Australia.

Method:

A retrospective cohort study was performed among 64,315 patients between July 2020 to June 2022 to develop an automated ML framework by inputting HAC and the healthcare site to obtain site-specific predictive algorithms for patients admitted to the hospital in NMHS. Univariate analysis was used for initial feature screening for 270 variables. Of these, 77 variables had significant relationship with any HAC. After excluding non-contemporaneous data, 37 variables were included in developing the ML framework based on logistic regression (LR), decision tree (DT) and random forest (RF) models to predict occurrence of four specific HACs: delirium, aspiration pneumonia, pneumonia and urinary tract infection.

Results:

All models exhibited similar performance with area under the curve scores around 0.90 for both training and testing datasets. For sensitivity, DT and RF exceeded LR performance while on average, false positives were lowest for LR-based models. Patient’s length of stay, Charlson Index, operation length and intensive care unit stay were common predictors.

Conclusion:

Integrating ML-based risk detection systems into clinical workflows can potentially enhance patient safety and optimise resource allocation. LR-based models exhibited best performance.

Implications:

We have successfully developed a “real-time” risk prediction model, where patient risk scores are calculated and reviewed daily.