bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Offline analysis of the chemical composition and hygroscopicity of sub-micrometer aerosol at an Asian outflow receptor site and comparison with online measurements
Authors: Deng Yange , Fujinari Hiroaki , Yai Hikari , Shimada Kojiro , Miyazaki Yuzo , Tachibana Eri , Deshmukh Dhananjay , Kawamura Kimitaka , Nakayama Tomoki , Tatsuta Shiori , Cai Mingfu , Xu Hanbing , Li Fei , Tan Haobo , Ohata Sho , Kondo Yutaka , Takami Akinori , Hatakeyama Shiro , Mochida Michihiro
Published: October 2021

Abstract. Filter-based offline analysis of atmospheric aerosol hygroscopicity coupled to composition analysis provides information complementary to that obtained from online analysis. However, its application itself and comparison to online analysis have remained limited to date. In this study, daily submicrometer aerosol particles (PM0.95, 50 % cutoff diameter: 0.95 μm) were collected onto quartz fiber filters in Okinawa Island, a receptor of East Asian outflow, in the autumn of 2015. The chemical composition of water-soluble matter (WSM) in PM0.95 and PM0.95 itself, and their respective hygroscopicities were characterized through the offline use of an aerosol mass spectrometer and a hygroscopicity tandem differential mobility analyzer. Thereafter, results were compared with those obtained from online analyses. Sulfate dominated the WSM mass (60 %), followed by water-soluble organic matter (WSOM, 20 %) and ammonium (13 %). WSOM accounted for most (93 %) of the mass of extracted organic matter (EOM) and the atomic O to C ratios (O : C) of WSOM and EOM were high (mean ± standard deviation were, respectively, 0.84 ± 0.08 and 0.79 ± 0.08), both of which indicate highly aged characteristics of the observed aerosol. The hygroscopic growth curves showed clear hysteresis for most samples. At 85 % RH, the calculated hygroscopicity parameter κ of the WSM (κWSM), WSOM, EOM, and PM0.95 (κPM0.95) were, respectively, 0.50 ± 0.03, 0.22 ± 0.12, 0.20 ± 0.11, and 0.47 ± 0.03. An analysis using the thermodynamic E-AIM model shows, on average, that inorganic salts and WSOM respectively contributed 88 % and 12 % of the κWSM (or κPM0.95). High similarities were found between offline and online analysis for chemical compositions that are related to particle hygroscopicity (the mass fractions and O : C of organics, and the degree of neutralization), and also for aerosol hygroscopicity. As possible factors governing the variation of κWSM, the influences of WSOM abundance and the neutralization of inorganic salts were assessed. At high RH (70–90 %), the hygroscopicity of WSM and PM0.95 was affected considerably by the presence of organic components; at low RH (20–50 %), the degree of neutralization could be important. This study not only characterized aerosol hygroscopicity at the receptor site of East Asian outflow, but also shows that the offline hygroscopicity analysis is an appropriate method, at least for aerosols of the studied type. The results encourage further applications to other environments and to more in-depth hygroscopicity analysis, in particular for organic fractions.
Flow-Py v1.0: A customizable, open-source simulation tool to estimate runout and intensity of gravitational mass flows
Authors: D'Amboise Christopher J. L. , Neuhauser Michael , Teich Michaela , Huber Andeas , Kofler Andreas , Perzl Frank , Fromm Reinhard , Kleemayr Karl , Fischer Jan-Thomas
Published: October 2021

Abstract. Models and simulation tools for gravitational mass flows (GMF) such as snow avalanches, rockfall, landslides and debris flows are important for research, education and practice. In addition to basic simulations and classic applications (e.g., hazard zone mapping), the importance and adaptability of GMF simulation tools for new and advanced applications (e.g., automatic classification of terrain susceptible for GMF initiation or identification of forests with a protective function) are currently driving model developments. In principle, two types of modeling approaches exist: process-based physically motivated and data-based empirically motivated models. The choice for one or the other modeling approach depends on the addressed question, the availability of input data, the required accuracy of the simulation output, and the applied spatial scale. Here we present the computationally inexpensive open-source GMF simulation tool Flow-Py. Flow-Py’s model equations are implemented via the Python computer language and based on geometrical relations motivated by the classical data-based runout angle concepts and path routing in three-dimensional terrain. That is, Flow-Py employs a data-based modeling approach to identify process areas and corresponding intensities of GMFs by combining models for routing and stopping, which depend on local terrain and prior movement. The only required input data are a digital elevation model, the positions of starting zones and a minimum of four model parameters. In addition to the major advantage that the open-source code is freely available for further model development, we illustrate and discuss Flow-Py’s key advancements and simulation performance by means of three computational experiments: 1. Implementation and validation: We provide a well-organized and easily adaptable solver and present its application to GMFs on generic topograhies. 2. Performance: Flow-Py’s performance and low computation time is demonstrated by applying the simulation tool to a case study of snow avalanche modeling on a regional scale. 3. Modularity and expandability: The modular and adaptive Flow-Py development environment allows to access spatial information easily and consistently, which enables, e.g., back-tracking of GMF paths that interact with obstacles to their starting zones. The aim of this contribution is to enable the reader to reproduce and understand the basic concepts of GMF modeling at the level of 1) derivation of model equations, and 2) their implementation in the Flow-Py code. Therefore, Flow-Py is an educational, innovative GMF simulation tool that can be applied for basic simulations but also for more sophisticated and custom applications such as identifying forests with a protective function or quantifying effects of forests on snow avalanches, rockfall, landslides and debris flows.
Formulation and demonstration of an extended-3DVAR multi-scale data assimilation system for the SWOT altimetry era
Authors: Li Zhijin , Archer Matthew , Wang Jinbo , Fu Lee-Lueng
Published: October 2021

Abstract. A state-of-the-art data assimilation system for a high-resolution model has been developed to address the opportunities and challenges posed by the upcoming Surface Water and Ocean Topography (SWOT) satellite mission. A new ‘extended’ three-dimensional variational data assimilation scheme (extended-3DVAR) is formulated to assimilate observations over a time interval, and integrated using a multi-scale approach (hereafter MSDA). The new MSDA scheme specifically enhances the efficacy of the assimilation of satellite along-track altimetry observations, which are limited by large repeat time intervals. This developed system is computationally highly efficient, and thus can be applied to a very high-resolution model. A crucial consideration of the system is first to assimilate routinely available observations, including satellite altimetry, sea surface temperature (SST) and temperature/salinity vertical profiles, to constrain large scales and large mesoscales. High-resolution (dense) observations and future SWOT measurements can then be effectively and seamlessly assimilated to constrain the smaller scales. Using this system, a reanalysis dataset was produced for the SWOT pre-launch field campaign that took place in the California Current System from September through December, 2019. An evaluation of this system with assimilated and withheld data demonstrates its ability to effectively utilize both routine and campaign observations. These results suggest a promising avenue for data assimilation development in the SWOT altimetry era, which will require the capability to efficiently assimilate large-volume datasets resolving small-scale ocean processes.
Brief communication: Detection of glacier surge activity using cloud computing of Sentinel-1 radar data
Authors: Leclercq Paul Willem , Kääb Andreas , Altena Bas
Published: October 2021

Abstract. For studying the flow of glaciers and their response to climate change it is important to detect glacier surges. Here, we compute within Google Earth Engine the normalized differences between winter maxima of Sentinel-1 C-band radar backscatter image stacks over subsequent years. We arrive at a global map of annual backscatter changes, which are for glaciers in most cases related to changed crevassing associated with surge-type activity. For our demonstration period 2018–2019 we detected 69 surging glaciers, with many of them not classified so far as surge type. Comparison with glacier surface velocities shows that we reliably find known surge activities. Our method can support operational monitoring of glacier surges and some other special events such as large rock and snow avalanches.
Evaluation of the global-blockage effect on power performance through simulations and measurements
Authors: Sebastiani Alessandro , Peña Alfredo , Troldborg Niels , Meyer Forsting Alexander
Published: October 2021

Abstract. Blockage effects due to the interaction of five wind turbines in a row are investigated through both Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes simulations and site measurements. Since power performance tests are often carried out at sites consisting of several turbines in a row, the objective of this study is to evaluate whether the power performance of the five turbines differs from that of an isolated turbine. A number of simulations are performed, in which we vary the turbine inter-spacing (1.8, 2 and 3 rotor diameters) and the inflow angle between the incoming wind and the orthogonal line to the row (from 0° to 45°). Different values of the free-stream velocity are considered to cover a broad wind speed range of the power curve. Numerical results show consistent power deviations for all the five turbines when compared to the isolated case. The amplitude of these deviations depends on the location of the turbine within the row, the inflow angle, the inter-spacing and the power curve region of operation. We show that the power variations do not cancel out when averaging over a large inflow sector (from −45° to +45°) and find an increase in the power output of up to +1 % when compared to the isolated case. We simulate power performance ‘measurements’ with both a virtual mast and nacelle-mounted lidar and find a combination of power output increase and upstream velocity reduction, which causes an increase of +4 % of the power coefficient. We also use measurements from a real site consisting of a row of five wind turbines to validate the numerical results. From the analysis of the measurements, we also show that the power performance is impacted by the neighboring turbines. Compared to when the inflow is perpendicular to the row, the power output varies of +1.8 % and −1.8 % when the turbine is the most downwind and upwind of the line, respectively.
Endometriosis classification, staging and reporting systems: a review on the road to a universally accepted endometriosis classification
Authors: Vermeulen N , Abrao M.S. , Einarsson J.I. , Horne A.W. , Johnson N.P. , Lee T.T.M. , Missmer S , Petrozza J , Tomassetti C , Zondervan K.T. , Grimbizis G , De Wilde R.L.
Published: October 2021

Background: In the field of endometriosis, several classification, staging and reporting systems have been developed. However, endometriosis classification, staging and reporting systems that have been published and validated for use in clinical practice have not been not systematically reviewed up to now.

Objectives: The aim of the current review is to provide a historical overview of these different systems based on an assessment of published studies.

Materials and Methods: A systematic Pubmed literature search was performed. Data were extracted and summarised.

Results: Twenty-two endometriosis classification, staging and reporting systems have been published between 1973 and 2021, each developed for specific and different purposes. There is still no international agreement on how to describe the disease. Studies evaluating different systems are summarised showing a discrepancy between the intended and the evaluated purpose, and a general lack of validation data confirming a correlation with pain symptoms or quality of life for any of the current systems. A few studies confirm the value of the Enzian system for surgical description of deep endometriosis. With regards to infertility, the endometriosis fertility index has been confirmed valid for its intended purpose.

Conclusions: Of the 22 endometriosis classification, staging and reporting systems identified in this historical overview, only a few have been evaluated, in 46 studies, for the purpose for which they were developed. It can be concluded that there is no international agreement on how to describe endometriosis or how to classify it, and that most classification/staging systems show no or very little correlation with patient outcomes.

What is new? This overview of existing systems is a first step in working towards a universally accepted endometriosis classification.
أثر اختلاف اللغة العربية في أمور العقيدة (عودة الضمير نموذجاً)
Authors:   أستاذ مشارك في قسم العلوم الإنسانية، كلية المجتمع، دولة قطر, العبد الله خديجة
Published: October 2021

الحمد لله رب العالمين، والصلاة والسلام على النبي الأمي، صاحب الخلق الجلي، وبعد. فإن هذا البحث عبارة عن تعريف عام بأحد أهم أسباب الاختلاف بين العلماء، ألا وهو الاختلاف في فهم دلالة المعنى وفق قواعد اللغة العربية وأثر هذا الاختلاف على آراء العلماء والفقهاء. بينت في المقدمة أن اختلاف الفقهاء والعلماء مردّه الأساسي في أحد وجوهه هو الاختلاف في اللغة العربية، وأخذت على ذلك مثالاً من اللغة ألا وهو عودة الضمير على ما قبله. ثم شرعت في ذكر أنواع عودة الضمير مع الأمثلة، ثم تطرقت إلى نموذج فقهي لاختلاف الفقهاء بسبب عودة الضمير في قوله تعالى: {أو يعفو الذي بيده عقدة النكاح}، هل هو الزوج أم الولي؟، ثم ذكرت مثالاً عن اختلاف السلف منذ عهد النبوة في مسألة من مسائل العقيدة ألا وهي رؤية النبي عليه الصلاة والسلام لربه في ليلة الإسراء والمعراج، ثم توسعت في ذكر المثال الأبرز في هذا البحث ألا وهو (خلق الله آدم على صورته). وأما المنهج الذي اتبعته، فقد اتبعت في هذا البحث المنهج الاستقرائي، بالإضافة إلى المنهج المقارن والتحليلي. تبين من خلال البحث أن من منهج السلف أن يعذر بعضهم بعضاً في المسائل الخلافية، فلا يتهم بعضهم بعضاً بالكفر والضلال والزيغ والانحراف والخلل في العقيدة في مسألة تحتمل الخلاف، وأما المسائل القطعية وما علم من الدين بالضرورة فالأمر على غير ذلك.
مدى توافر كفايات التقويم البديل لدى معلمي المرحلة الابتدائية خلال عملية التعليم الإلكتروني
Authors:   ماجستير التربية في المناهج وطرق التدريس العامة، معلم رياضيات، وزارة التعليم، المملكة العربية السعودية., ظافري عبده محمد
Published: October 2021

هدفت هذه الدراسة لمعرفة الكفايات التربوية المعاصرة الواجب توافرها لدي معلمي مرحلة الأساس لتحصيل الأهداف المعرفية، ولتحقيق اهداف الدراسة استخدم الباحث المنهج الوصفي التحليلي، وتمثلت أدوات الدراسة في الاستبانة والاختبار التحصيلي والمقابلة وتكونت عينة الدراسة من 150 طالب وطالبة والمرشحين للتطبيق في المدارس الابتدائية. وللوصول الي نتائج الدراسة استخدمت الباحث البرنامج التحليل الاحصائي استخدم الباحث في المعالجة الإحصائية حساب النسب المئوية. و توصل الباحث الي عدة نتائج أهمها:- أهم الكفايات التربوية المعاصرة اللازم توافرها في معلم الأساس (التخطيط، التنفيذ، العلاقات الاجتماعية، النفسية والمهنية، التقويم، إدارة الصف. - إتفاق المعلمين والمعلمات على أهمية توافر الكفايات التربوية التي تضمنها البحث لتحقيق الأهداف المعرفية لدى تلاميذه. - واقع إعداد وتدريب المعلم في مرحلة الأساس لا يقوم على ضوء الكفايات التربوية المعاصرة.
Stroke Rehabilitation and Fall Incidences in Rural Areas: A Survey
Authors: Joshi Paras , Sorani Dinesh
Published: October 2021

Stroke is the leading cause of disability morbidity and mortality in the world. Stroke patients suffer from spasticity, balance issues and other higher mental issues. Stroke patients are prone to falls and fall related injuries during their recovery period. Rehabilitation for such patients may be a challenge in country like India due to their unawareness about importance of physiotherapy, economical status and unavailability of proper rehabilitation centers. Survey was done for the same.
Method: 352 patients were asked about their rehabilitation and fall incidents during their first 6 months after stroke via telephone interview.
Result: 42.61% (150) participants agreed that proper stroke rehabilitation is necessary after the incident of stroke, and only 17.05% (60) participants received the proper rehabilitation. Among Participants who did not receive rehabilitation (292), fell significantly higher than those who received the rehabilitation (60) during the first 6 months from the onset of stroke. Among all fallers 24.09 % reported serious injuries which required medical attention including fractures.
Conclusion: Stroke Rehabilitation is inadequate in rural areas due to variety of reasons, which may lead to increase in number of falls and fall related injuries

Key words: Stroke, Rehabilitation, fall incidences, balance, cognition.
Fluoride Release and Its Enamel Uptake from Different Fluoride Releasing Products
Authors: El-kwatehy Wahdan M. A. , Salama Rabab I.
Published: October 2021

Background: Professionally applied topical fluorides varnishes are used effectively to prevent dental caries.
Aim of the Work: The current study was designed to assess the rate of fluoride release from four fluoride products over 6 months' time period and determine the fluoride uptake by enamel.
Materials and Methods: An in vitro study was conducted on 60 extracted first premolars teeth classified randomly into four equal groups (15 teeth per group) according to the type of varnish used. The fluoride release was measured with Orion™ Fluoride Electrodes after one week, one month, three and six months and recorded as ppm. The fluoride uptake with enamel was evaluated under electron microscope after varnish application and 6 months later. Repeated ANOVA was used for comparison in each group for different time and one way ANOVA test for inter group comparison. Post hoc Tukey test and t test were used for paired group comparison.
Results: There were statistically significant differences regarding fluoride release among the four tested varnishes over the study follow up period (p less than 0.000 for all comparisons). The highest fluoride release occurs after application and gradually decreased with time. The total cumulative mean of fluoride released was higher among Enamel Seal and Varnish XT (51.85 and 51.57 ppm) followed by silver diamine fluoride (49.46 ppm) and FluoroDip (43.58 ppm). The enamel surfaces after varnishes application were smooth and nearly the same for the four applied varnishes but after 6 months all enamel surfaces appear porous with focal holes more observed in Enamel Seal and FluoroDip groups.
Conclusion: All tested fluoride varnish were releasing fluoride but each one has its own pattern. The sustainability of fluoride release from varnish XT and SDF was better than Enamel seal and FluoroDip varnishes.

Key words: Fluoride release, Enamel seal varnish, Varnish XT, Silver diamine fluoride, FluoroDip varnish, Scanning Electron Microscope.
BASIC METHODS OF PEDAGOGICAL MONITORING: FEATURES OF APPLICATION
Authors: Cherkashina О.V.
Published: October 2021

The purpose of this article is to analyze existing approaches to assessing the quality of knowledge at a university, to identify their advantages and disadvantages. The author notes the relevance of obtaining objective information about the state of the quality of the educational process and the search for means to ensure effective management of its quality. Attention is drawn to the fact that monitoring can become such a means, since it provides ample opportunities for managing the quality of education, and it is pedagogical monitoring, which includes didactic and educational elements. The article presents various interpretations of the concept of «educational monitoring». The main methods of pedagogical monitoring are highlighted, the advantages and disadvantages of testing, portfolio and rating system of accounting for educational achievements of students as methods of pedagogical monitoring are revealed. The analysis carried out can contribute to the optimal choice of methods for assessing the quality of the educational process.
Affordability and Work-Family Balance as key Predictors of Favorable Attitude towards Online Businesses in Women E-Entrepreneurs of Pakistan
Authors: Sajjad Amal , Tariq Jawad , Usman Ahmed , Haq Inam ul
Published: October 2021

The study assessed the role of factors, affordability and work family balance, in shaping favorable attitude of women Facebook e-entrepreneurs towards online businesses in Pakistan after controlling for socio-demographic, household, and business characteristics. Data from a nonrandom sample of 112 women e-entrepreneurs operating their online businesses through Facebook was analyzed. The independent variables were affordability and work life balance and the dependent variable was favorable attitude towards online businesses. Data was analyzed using SPSS. Factor analysis and reliability analysis was done to assess validity and reliability of the scales used in the study. Hierarchical multiple regression was carried out to assess the effect of independent variables on dependent variable. The study found that affordability/low startup cost of business and work life balance were statistically significant determinants of favorable attitude towards online businesses. All control variables added in the model were statistically insignificant. The study recommends that interventions such as providing e-entrepreneurship trainings to vulnerable segments of women population can increase their empowerment. The study also suggests that action based studies should be carried out to assess the effect of e-entrepreneurship on women empowerment.
Free boundary regularity in the Stefan problem
Authors: Figalli Alessio
Published: October 2021

The Stefan problem describes phase transitions such as ice melting to water, and it is among the most classical free boundary problems. It is well known that the free boundary consists of a smooth part (the regular part) and singular points. In this talk, I will describe a recent result with Ros-Oton and Serra, where we analyze the singular set in the Stefan problem and prove a series of fine results on its structure.
Frequency of Causes of Space Occupying Lesions of Brain in Patients admitted in Neurosurgery over A Period of One Year
Authors: Mari Abdul Razaque , Dilber Muzamil , Mallah Fahmida Arab , Jamali Muhammad Ali , Brohi Shams Raza , Shaikh Muhammad Aslam
Published: October 2021

Objective: To determine the frequency of causes of space occupying lesions of brain in patients admitted in Neurosurgery ward PUMHS Nawabshah over a period of one year Methodology: This descriptive case-series study took place at department of Neurosurgery of Peoples University of Medical and Health Sciences, for Women Shaheed Benazirabad. Study duration was one year from July 2019 to June 2020. All the patients with space-occupying lesion of brain either of gender were enrolled in this study. All study subjects were assessed for the causes of space-occupying lesion. Data was collected vis study proforma and analysis of the data was done by using SPSS version 20. Results: A total of 80 patients were selected, their mean age was 31.76 years and females were in majority 66%, with female to male ratio of 1.96:1. Glioma was found in 23% cases which was highest among all type of lesion followed by abscess 10%. Supratentorial was observed in 73% patients which was highest among all site of lesion followed by third ventricular & Infratentorial 10% each. Conclusion: The increased prevalence of infectious lesions can be linked to our population's low socioeconomic level and inadequate hygienic conditions. The rate of metastasis was found to be lower than previously reported. This might be attributed to cases not being referred following a metastatic lesion has been diagnosed. For early detection of brain tumours, advanced diagnostic equipment such as CT scans and MRI are desirable. Keywords: SOL, Central Nervous System, Metastases
Histological alterations in Rabbit liver after treatment with dexamethasone
Authors: Irshad Faiza , Saeed Kanwal , Adeel Qama Muhammad , Latif Jamshad , Mustafa Zia Ul , Mukhtar Lubaba
Published: October 2021

Background One of the most potent glucocorticoids is known as Dexamethasone. Many metabolic side effect shave been reported on almost every organ after dexamethasone treatment specially its effect on liver. Aim: To investigate harmful side effects of dexamethasone sodium phosphate on rabbit’s liver that serve as human liver model via using light microscope, by administration of two doses (extreme) and two durations in order to depict the duration as well as dosage dependency. Methods: Liver samples were taken via rabbits who were administered dexamethasone sodium phosphate. Then two Stratas were made namely, 1 and 2. The fixations of liver samples were carried out and underwent into evaluation in order to observe any histochemical and histological alterations. Study duration is from February to May 2021 Rabbits were brought from Veterinary Research Institute, Lahore. These Rabbits were kept in cages in the animal house of PGMI, Bird wood road Lahore. Results: The ballooning and vacuolation of hepatic cells were seen in the liver in case of Stratas that were treated along with the degenerative alterations of these cells, congestion and dilatation of central hepatic vein with sinusoidal capillaries, positive periodic acid schiff's stain (PAS) reactions. The severity of all these alterations was dependent upon duration and dosage. Conclusion: Morphological variations induced in the liver by dexamethasone sodium phosphate could be accepted as side effects of these drugs. Keywords: Liver, dexamethasone, histology, glycogen.
A retrospective study to evaluate the frequency of various breast lesions diagnosed with the help of FNAC
Authors: Ghumman Nasim Aslam , Khurrum Nosheen
Published: October 2021

Background: Fine Needle Aspiration Cytology is the fundamental technique to explore the type and malignant prospects of several palpable lesions such as salivary glands, thyroid and enlarged lymph nodes. Among these palpable lesions, breast pathology is one of the most encountered entity in routine practice that can be diagnosed with FNAC. Aim: To evaluate the frequency of various lesions of breast diagnosed with the help of Fine Needle Aspiration Cytology. Methods: 100 patients of breast lump were referred from surgical departments of Arif Memorial Hospital, Lahore to histopathology laboratory of Rashid Latif Medical College, Lahore, on which Fine Needle Aspiration was performed, during a period of 2 years (2018-2019). Results: In this study, out of 100 cases, the most frequently found lesion was fibroadenoma in the 2nd and 3rd decade of life followed by various other benign lesions. The percentage of malignant lesions was very small and all the patients with malignant lesions were above 40. Conclusion: FNAC has become the most important component for early management of various breast lesions preoperatively. There are various factors that enhance the popularity of FNAC like its affordability, simple and easy to use. Keywords: Fine needle aspiration, Breast carcinoma, cytological grading, International Academy of Cytology.
Effect of Dexamethasone for Prevention of Neonatal Respiratory Distress Syndrome in mothers undergoing Elective Caesarean Section
Authors: Mushtaq Ifra , Nawaz Rizwana , Waheed Syeda Shaista , Khalid Marina
Published: October 2021

Background: Neonatal respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) remains one of the major causes of neonatal mortality and morbidity despite advance in perninatal care. In RDS, ventilation may be affected by homogeneity of the airways with atelectasis and over distension, as hyaline membranes block small airways. Aim: To compare the frequency of neonatal respiratory distress syndrome with dexamethasone versus control (without dexamethasone) in mothers admitted for elective cesarean section. Design of the Study: Randomized controlled trial Place and Duration of Study: Obstetrics and Gynecology Department, Unit- II, Aziz Bhatti Shaheed Hospital, Gujrat from 01-05-2019 to 31-10-2019. Methodology: A total of 140 patients were included in the study. In group A, females were given 4 doses of 6mg intramuscular dexamethasone, 12 hours apart pre-operatively. In group B, females were not given any corticosteroids. Results: Patients ranged between 18-40 years of age with mean age 31.1±4.7 and 31.3±4.2 years in Group A & B, respectively. The mean gestational age in Group-A was 38.0±0.6 and in Group-B 38.1±0.7 weeks. In Group-A mean BMI was observed 29.1±3.9 and Group-B 29.0±4.3 Kg/m2. In both groups there was a majority of primigravidae. Neonatal RDS in Group-A was found in 6 (8.6%) while in Group-B RDS was found in 18 (25.7%). There was a statisticallysignificant difference (p=0.007) between two groups. Stratification with respect to age, gestational age, parity and BMI was also noted. Conclusion: In conclusion, preoperatively Dexamethasone administration was associated with a significant lowering (p=0.007) of the incidence of neonatal respiratory distress syndrome in mothers of undergoing elective cesarean section. Keywords: Cesarean section; Neonatal respiratory distress syndrome, Dexamethasone
Impact of Transformational Leadership Intervention on Head Nurses Working in Government Hospital
Authors: Mushtaq Khudija , Hussain Muhammad , Parveen Kousar , Afzal Muhammad , Khan Sadia , Gilani Syed Amir
Published: October 2021

Background: Transformational leader ship skill (TLS) plays a crucial role in hospital management and administration. Unfortunately, healthcare providers (HCPs) lack the essential awareness of transformational leadership skills (TLS). There is a dire need to adopt different strategies to improve their knowledge and skills. Objective: To assess the improvement in the knowledge and skills about transformational leadership among head nurses after intervention of transformational leadership. Methodology: A quasi-experimental study included 96 head nurses, designated with a multistage cluster random sampling technique. Ninety-six days of structured sessions were organized in two shifts (morning and evening). Pertinently, pre-intervention and post-intervention were organized for four months i.e. six hours per week, one hour per day. Results: The present study showed that transformational leadership knowledge and skills have a significant impact on head nurses’ performance. Insufficient pre-intervention scores of the study participants explained inadequate knowledge. After the 96 days (one hour/day) sessions, there was a highly significant improvement in the knowledge scores 88.5%, and skills(***p ≤0.001), df =95of head nurses regarding transformational leadership. Conclusion: The currents study showed that head nurses had inadequate knowledge regarding transformational leadership. The knowledge was significantly improved after the intervention of transformational teaching and training sessions. The addition of consistent training programs in the curriculum may ensure leadership skills to enhance the quality of nursing care as well as the commitment of employees. Therefore, it is concluded that knowledge and skills are significant predictors of the head nurses’ job performance. Keywords: Transformational Leadership, Head Nurses, Knowledge, Practice, Performance
Bio-statistical Learning Needs: A Qualitative Study on Perceptions of Post Graduate Nursing Students and Experts
Authors: Iqbal Farzana , Perveen Kousar , Ashraf Tahira , Sarwar Hajra
Published: October 2021

Background: Statistics refers to numerical data and it also deals with description and inferences from small sample for a large population. Statistics is widely used in almost every discipline. In the last few years, there is an increase in publishing evidence based researches in nursing journals. Therefore, it is essential for nurses to fully equip with the knowledge to understand biostatistics and its implementation into practice. Objectives: The study aims to explore biostatistical learning needs as perceived by post graduate nursing students and statistical experts. Methodology: A qualitative exploratory study design was used. Data was collected from eight graduate nursing students and two subject experts using purposive sampling through semi-structured interviews. The participants were recruited from both public and private nursing institutions in Punjab, Pakistan. Data were analyzed using the Creswell (2013) analysis approach. Findings: An in-depth analysis of the data was conducted from which three broad themes emerged including essential biostatistical learning needs, challenges in the subject, and way forward. The participants acknowledged command on Statistical software, knowledge of sample size calculation, analysis and interpretation of data as their basic learning needs. The major challenges perceived were inability to interpret test and lack of skills in using software effectively. Additionally, the participants believed that there is a need of practical sessions, help from peers, and need of feedback as a way forward. Conclusion: The study findings suggest the need to recruit more biostatistician and their direct involvement in student researches and learning. Also, there is need to develop Statistical Services Unit (SSU) at organizational level.
Transformational Leadership Factors Effecting the Clinical performance of Nurses
Authors: Mushtaq Khudija , Hussain Muhammad , Parveen Kousar
Published: October 2021

Background: Marking and valuable performance is the achievement of the transformational leadership style (TLS). Therefore, organizational goals can be achieved effectively and successfully by the practice of TL factors. Objective: Evaluate the effect of transformational leadership factors (TLF) on the clinical performance of nurses. Methodology: The research design was descriptive cross-sectional and 95 nurses participated. A sample was collected from services hospital Lahore (SHL). A random sampling technique was applied. Data was analyzed on a statistical package for the social sciences (SPSS) version 25. Results: The results show that TLF has a great influence on the performance of nurses and the results were highly significant as grand results of transformational leadership factors t (96) = 42.39, p ≤ 0.001mean and SD (8.38±49.56). The highest scores were in the Idealized Influence with t (96) = 34.29, p ≤ 0.001mean and SD (8.84±2.52), Conclusion(s):It is concluded that transformational leadership factors are based 05 “Is” like idealized influence Idealized behavior, Inspirational motivation, Intellectual stimulation, and Individualized consideration have positive effects on nurses’ clinical performance. Keywords: Transformational leadership, Leadership, Nurses, Practice, Performance
La pregunta como camino para el diálogo
Authors: Ordieres Sieres Alejandro
Published: October 2021

The dialogic method constitutes the soul of General Studies at ITAM. How is it developed in practice? This paper starts from the distinction between an instruction and a true university education that focuses on the formation of critical thinking through questioning and dialogue. Afterwards, it analyzes the role of questioning in the training of students and wants to show how it constitutes the center of dialogue, as well as of motivation in learning and teaching. Finally, an attempt will be made to explain how the question also constitutes a central element in the students’ attitudinal change and their true moral transformation.
La universidad en estado (a)crítico: entre la tecnocracia y la burocracia
Authors: Crespo Arriola María Fernanda , Ruiz Gómez Leonardo
Published: October 2021

The university, insofar as its main objective is the generation of knowledge, is constantly in a state of crisis. However, it is currently in an uncritical period regarding the power dynamics that have shaped its development in the last century. In this text, bureaucracy and technocracy are analyzed as control structures that determine the university in their own designs. From the acquisition of various functions outside its original objective, and from the transfer of legitimacy to other external bodies, the university has uncritically adopted an imposition of meaning that gradually leads to irrelevance. Only critical reflection and the unconditional search for truth can restore it to the central place it deserves in modern societies.
Frege, Poincaré, Carnap, Kripke: cuatro réplicas a un dogma kantiano
Authors: Méndez Pinto Emilio
Published: October 2021

I present the replies that Gottlob Frege, Henri Poincaré, Rudolf Carnap, and Saul Kripke made to the assumption that apriority and necessity are interchangeable synonyms, an assumption that I take, together with the assumptions that there is a split between analytic truths and synthetic truths and that there is a dichotomy between our conceptual schemes and empirical content, as a Kantian dogma.
Revisión literaria sobre factores que intervienen en el empoderamiento económico-social de las mujeres rurales emprendedoras en zonas de posacuerdo del departamento del Cauca - Colombia
Authors: Solarte Grijalba Andrés Camilo , Burbano Pasaje Cristian Camilo , Fernández Rengifo Eliana
Published: October 2021

Desde tiempos históricos hasta la actualidad, podemos evidenciar en el contexto una sociedad que delimita las capacidades de la mujer a causa de roles tradicionales y una visión de falocracia con la cual crece desde niña, lo cual genera una inequidad en diversos aspectos sociales, políticos y culturales. El presente artículo de revisión documental se basa en una investigación de tipo literaria, que tiene como objetivo identificar algunos factores que impiden el emprendimiento económico-social de las mujeres rurales en el departamento del Cauca – Colombia, teniendo en cuenta que estos procesos de empoderamiento social, fomentación y activación de la economía generan aportes positivos en la reducción de la pobreza, la inequidad, y la desigualdad en el país.
Planificación operativa en los actos preparatorios de las contrataciones en la Municipalidad Distrital de Andahuaylillas-Cusco
Authors: Ormachea Almaraz Juan Carlos
Published: October 2021

El presente trabajo tuvo por objetivo determinar la relación entre planificación operativa y actos preparatorios de contrataciones. El presente estudio fue descriptivo correlacional con una muestra censal de 53 empleados del municipio, cuya técnica de recolección de datos fue la encuesta y como instrumento fue el cuestionario. En los resultados se aprecia que el 37.74% de los encuestados presentan un nivel bajo en los actos preparatorios de contrataciones en la Municipalidad Distrital de Andahuaylillas- Cusco 2020, el 43.40% presenta un nivel medio y el 18.87% un nivel alto. Igualmente, sobre planificación operativa, se aprecia que el 33.96% de los encuestados presentan un nivel inadecuado en la planificación operativa de contrataciones en la Municipalidad Distrital de Andahuaylillas-Cusco 2020, el 50.94% presenta un nivel medio y el 15.09% un nivel adecuado. Con todo lo anterior, concluyó que existe una relación significativa entre planificación operativa y actos preparatorios de contrataciones en la Municipalidad Distrital de Andahuaylillas-Cusco 2020 (rho=0.929).
An Analysis of External Factor Evaluation (EFE) Matrix and Internal Factor Evaluation (IFE) Matrix at Baruna Fish Crackers Business in Kebun Tebeng Village of Ratu Agung Sub-District in Bengkulu City
Authors: Sudiarto Ari , Afriani Sulisti , Effendi Yanto
Published: October 2021

This study aims to determine the Internal (IM) and External (EM) Matrix Analysis of this business. The informasi collection method in this research is to use a questionnaire by giving written statements to the respondents. The number of respondents in this study were 107 respondents. The analytical method used was an external internal matrix. From the results of the calculation of internal and external strategic factors, the total score of internal strategy factors was 3.49 and a total score of external strategic factors was 3.05. by using a concentration growth strategy through vertical integration. The strategy of concentration growth through vertical integration is doing business related vertically, such as selling food added to the business of making new menus ( taking over the function of suppliers).
DESIGN, DEVELOPMENT AND IN VITRO EVALUATION OF MODIFIED RELEASE HYDROGEL BASED DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEMS OF OSELTAMIVIR PHOSPHATE
Authors:   Head, Dept of Pharmaceutics Arya College of Pharmacy. kandi, Sangareddy mandal 502 285, Telangana, India., Rajeswari K. R. , Reddy R. R , Himabindu A , Sudhakar M. , Ramesh A.
Published: October 2021

Hydrogels are 3-dimensional hydrophilic polymeric networks composed of homo or co-polymers capable of imbibing large amounts of biological fluids. They can be tailored as modified release dosage forms for both hydrophilic and hydrophobic drugs. The present study was aimed to develop and characterize oral hydrogel based drug delivery systems of Oseltamivir phosphate by physical cross-linking polymerization technique using guar gum and starch as hydrophilic carriers and hydroxy ethyl methacrylate. The hydrogel tablets were dried and the drug was loaded by imbibition from the drug solution. The compatibility of drug with the polymers was confirmed by Infrared spectroscopy. Differential scanning calorimetric studies confirmed the nature of the drug in the hydrogel formulations. Surface morphology studied by scanning electron microscopy revealed the rough and contour outer surface. The hydrogel tablets were further studied for entrapment efficiency, swelling kinetics at various pH and in vitro drug release. The results showed a good entrapment efficiency of about 85.6% and the swelling rate was found to be 98.33 at higher pH. The percentage drug release was also higher as the pH increased and was found to be highest in F4 formulation (87.39%) in 24 hrs. Further, the release kinetics was observed to follow first order, super case II transport mechanism. The stability studies showed that the hydrogel formulations prepared using starch, guar gum and hydroxy ethyl methacrylate offer good stability to the drug. It was hence concluded that the hydrogel drug delivery systems could be appropriate as a modified release drug delivery system.
FORMULATION AND EVALUATION OF SELF-NANO EMULSIFYING DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEM FOR SOLUBILITY AND BIOAVAILABILITY ENHANCEMENT OF POORLY WATER SOLUBLE WITHAFERIN A
Authors:   Assistant Professor, Anand Pharmacy College, Anand - 388 001, Gujarat, India., Gohel M. , Kureshi R. , Hingorani L , Patel A. , Thakkar V. , Baldaniya L , Gandhi T.
Published: October 2021

Withaferin A, a steroidal lactone which is present in dry root extract of Withania somnifera (WSE), is reported to possess numerous pharmacological activities and shows poor aqueous solubility. The purpose of this study is to enhance the dissolution rate and oral bioavailability of WSE by incorporating it in self nano emulsifying drug delivery system (SNEDDS). Capmul MCM-based SNEDDS formulation with Tween 20 as surfactant and ethanol as co surfactant was developed for oral delivery of withaferin A. Optimised SNEDDS was evaluated for its self-emulsification time and viscosity, droplet size. The optimised SNEDDS formulation containing withaferin A, Capmul MCM(12.4%), Tween 20 (58.2%) and ethanol (29%), and showed higher in vitro drug release as compared to pure WSE. These results demonstrate the potential use of SNEDDS for improving the oral bioavailability of poor water soluble compounds such as withaferin A.
DEVELOPMENT AND VALIDATION OF DETERMINATION FOR CHLORPHENIRAMINE MALEATE, PHENYLEPHRINE HYDROCHLORIDE AND IBUPROFEN IN BULK AND PHARMACEUTICAL FORMULATION BY RP-HPLC METHOD
Authors:   Department of Quality Assurance, H. R. Patel Institute of Pharmaceutical Education & Research, Karwand Naka, Shirpur, Dhule 425 405 (M. S.) India., Baviskar V. B. , Donda S. T. , Patil S. S. , Deshmukh P. K , Patil P. O
Published: October 2021

A simple, precise and accurate isocratic RP-HPLC method was successfully developed for the simultaneous determination of chlorpheniramine maleate (CPM), phenylephrine hydrochloride (PHE) and ibuprofen (IBU) in bulk and pharmaceutical preparation. The separation of the drugs was achieved using Inertsil ODS C18 column with mobile phase consisting of methanol and 0.1% triethylamine (55:45 V/V) in water, pH 3 (adjusted with orthophosphoric acid). These drugs were resolved successfully with retention time of 3.0 min for CPM, 4.6 min for PHE and 18.9 min for IBU, when the eluate was monitored at 240 nm. Linearity was found in the concentration range of 10 to 50 μg mL-1 for CPM, 25 to 125 μg mL-1 for PHE and 100 to 500 μg mL-1 for IBU, with a correlation coefficient (r2) of 0.9987, 0.9965 and 0.9998 for CPM, PHE and IBU, respectively. Thus, the proposed method can be successfully applied to the pharmaceutical preparation containing the above mentioned drugs without any interference of excipients.
DEVELOPMENT AND VALIDATION OF A STABILITY-INDICATING RP-HPLC METHOD FOR ESTIMATION OF AMBRISENTAN AND ITS PROCESS-RELATED IMPURITIES IN BULK AND PHARMACEUTICAL DOSAGE FORMS
Authors:   University College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Acharya Nagarjuna University, Nagarjuna Nagar, Guntur– 522510, (A.P), India., Kondila S. K , Sujana K , Prameela Rani A
Published: October 2021

The aim of the present work was to develop and validate an accurate, precise, simple, and efficient stability indicating Reversed phase High Performance Liquid Chromatography method for determination of an abrisentan and its process impurities in bulk and pharmaceutical dosage forms. The drug substance was subjected to stress conditions such as hydrolysis (acid and base), oxidation, photolysis and thermal degradation as per International Conference on Harmonization guidelines to study the stability-indicating profile of drug. Significant degradation was observed during acid hydrolysis and peroxide degradation. The chromatographic conditions were optimized using an impurity-spiked solution and samples generated from forced degradation studies. The method was developed using Agilent XDB-C18 (150×4.5mm, 5μ) column and 10mM NH4OAc (pH-5.2 adjusted with acetic acid): ACN as the mobile phase with gradient programme at a flow rate of 1 mL/min. effluents were monitored at 289 nm. The retention times were found as 25.945 min for IMP-1, 24.685 min for IMP-2, 23.83 min for IMP-3, 10.53 min for AMB, 5011 min for IMP-4 and 3.48 min for IMP-5. The mean recovery values were found to be 98.52-100.44% for AMD and its impurities. The degradation rate of AMB in acid, base, peroxide (oxidative) thermal and photolytic degradation processes was found in range 7-22%. The developed analytical method has been validated for specificity, linearity, precision, accuracy, and robustness which were within the acceptance limit according to ICH guidelines. The developed method was successfully employed for routine quality control and stability analysis of AMB in pharmaceutical dosage forms.
SYNTHESIS, SPECTRAL STUDIES AND ANTIANXIETY ACTIVITY OF SOME SCHIFF BASES OF 4-(AMINO)-5-PHENYL-4H-1,2,4-TRIAZOLE-3-THIOLS
Authors:   School of Pharmacy Swami Ramanand Teerth Marathwada University, Nanded - 431 606, Maharashtra, India., Wadher S. J , Kalyankar T. M , Puranik M. P. , Jangam S. B. , Yeole P. G.
Published: October 2021

A series of 4-(4-substituted benzylideneamino)-5-phenyl-4H-1,2,4-triazole-3-thiols (IVa-e) was obtained by reaction of 4-(amino)-5-phenyl-4H-1,2,4-triazole-3-thiol with aromatic aldehyde in presence of concentrated sulphuric acid. The synthesised compounds were characterized by FT-IR, 1H-NMR and mass spectra data. The compounds (IVa-e) were screened for their antianxiety activity. Among the compounds, IVa and IVe were found to be the most acitive antianxiety compounds.