bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Ambivalences in Music and Democracy: Introductory Remarks
Authors: Kölbl Marko , Trümpi Fritz
Published: February 2022

Music and Democracy - Participatory Approaches explores music as a resource for societal transformation processes. It provides recent insights into how individuals and groups used and still use music to achieve social, cultural and political participation and bring about social change. The book gathers outstanding perspectives on the topic: From the promise and myth of democratization through music technology to the use of music in imposing authoritarian, neoliberal or even fascist political ideas in the past and present up to music's impact on political systems, governmental representation, and socio-political realities. It further features approaches in the fields of gender, migration, disability, and digitalization. Music and Democracy introduces a diversity of musical styles and political settings in various times and adds rarely discussed aspects to the topic.
Entrepreneurial Tapists
Authors: Siefert Marsha
Published: February 2022

This article takes a participatory approach to the reproduction of live music performance by looking at the history of »bootleg« sound recordings in two formations during the 1960s and 1970s. The first builds on the history of how opera lovers, mostly in concert and sometimes in conflict with formal opera institutions and commercial recording companies, created their own community for reproduced live opera performances through surreptitious live recording, record producing, distributing, cataloging, trading, and collecting. Marsha Siefert relates these activities to the world of magnitizdat, the live music recordings in the U.S.S.R. that were also reproduced and circulated through trusted networks. The aim of looking at both of these twentieth-century forms of music reproduction is to ask questions about how music listeners responded to perceived limitations of formal music industries by creating participatory networks that identified, reproduced, and circulated recorded music that corresponded to their preferences and ideas about authenticity, aesthetics, and direct experience before the internet age.
Verdi at the Heart of the Dictatorship
Authors: Prud'homme Gabrielle
Published: February 2022

This chapter examines the political appropriation of Giuseppe Verdi in Fascist Italy through a study of the celebrations commemorating the fortieth anniversary of his death in 1941. More specifically, it provides an analysis of the Verdi Year through the lens of a landmark event held among fascist officials at the Academy of Italy in Rome, the heart of the regime's intellectual power, in June 1940-a few days before Italy's entry to war. By reconstructing the structure and the reception of the event, Gabrielle Prud'homme sheds light on how Mussolini's regime maintained its grip on the commemorations and disseminated a discourse entirely consistent with the fascist political and ideological agenda. By insisting on Verdi's patriotic image, exploiting the nationalist topoi conveyed in his operas, emphasizing his peasant origins, and exalting his Italianness, party intellectuals nurtured a Verdian myth that enhanced the Fascist political and totalitarian project.
A intervenção estatal nas relações empresariais e de consumo
Authors: Botan Ciceri Pedro Vitor , Hagers Bozo Aline Maria
Published: February 2022

A relação existente entre o Estado e as empresas é uma discussão antiga. O governo recorre ao Direito para criar as diretrizes que serão acatadas pelas empresas e pela sociedade e o Direito, por sua vez, utiliza os princípios e enunciados da economia para mensurar se as legislações e interferência propostas foram eficientes. O Brasil, a partir da Constituição Federal de 1988, precisa incentivar o desenvolvimento econômico, mas não pode desconsiderar a tutela da coletividade e a justiça social. Os avanços nessa temática, oriundos da Análise Econômica do Direito, motivam o debate da questão. Este texto discorre sobre a intervenção estatal nas relações empresariais e de consumo, exemplificando com alguns casos práticos e traçando apontamentos referentes a esta compatibilização. Para fundamentar o trabalho, realizou-se uma pesquisa bibliográfica sobre a relação do mercado e o Estado, passando pelas ferramentas de economia comportamental, quais sejam atalhos do pensamento, erros sistemáticos e nudges. Propõe, assim, que as intervenções estatais nas relações empresariais devem ser limitadas aos casos em que o próprio mercado não consiga apresentar soluções que estimulem a economia e garantam a tutela dos interesses da coletividade.
La captura corrupta del estado como daño multidimensional a los derechos humanos
Authors: Sanabria Rodelo Alejandro
Published: February 2022

This article emphasizes the three main problems of the corruption study from a human rights approach. Therefore, in the first place, it wants to understand the magnitude of the corruption harmful effects in the public administration and the corrupt capture of the State, classifying its different dimensions over the time and its coverage in the society, secondly, it wants to build the relationship of these damages with violation against human rights, and thirdly, it wants to support the State Liability that it brings within the spectrum of subjective liability and specifically, the failure of the service.
Analisis Putusan Mahkamah Konstitusi Nomor 77/PUU-XII/2014 Mengenai Pembuktian Tindak Pidana Asal dalam Concursus Tindak Pidana Pencucian Uang
Authors: Nurcahyati Fifi
Published: February 2022

Tulisan ini mengkaji Pertimbangan Majelis Hakim Mahkamah Konstitusi dalam menentukan kualitas hukum melalui putusannya. Dalam dissenting opinion pembuktian tindak pidana asal dianggap penting dalam penanganan kasus TPPU pada putusan Nomor 10.Pid.Sus-TPK/2014/PN.JKT.PST. Sehingga putusan tersebut dianggap merugikan hak-hak terdakwa sebagaimana dijamin UUD 1945. Namun permohonan tersebut ditolak dengan pertimbangan yang berbeda-beda mengenai penafsiran Pasal 2 ayat (2), Pasal 3, Pasal 4, Pasal 5 ayat (1) dan Pasal 69 Undang-Undang Nomor 8 Tahun 2010 yang ditinjau dari aspek materiil dan penalaranhukum. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kepustakaan, dengan pendekatan yuridis-normatif. Penelitian ini menemukan bahwa Majelis Hakim tidak memenuhi aspek materiil karena dua Majelis Hakim berbeda dalam menerapkan dan menafsirkan Pasal 2 ayat (2), Pasal 3, Pasal 4, dan Pasal 5 ayat (1) terkait frasa “patut diduganya” yang menganggap bahwa frasa tersebut merupakan inti delik dan harus dibuktikan, apabila tidak terbukti maka tidak ada tindak pidana lanjutan dan Pasal 69 yang menganggap seseorang harus dituntut dengan dakwaan TPPU maka harus terbukti salah satu dari tindak pidana asalnya. Berdasarkan aspek penalaran hukum disimpulkan bahwa argumentasi yang dibangun oleh Majelis Hakim telah memberikan pertimbangan hukum yang tidak berimbang. Karena, kedua hakim lebih cenderung menerapkan asas ulititas (kegunaan) hukum sebagai nilai kepuasan ataupun manfaat untuk pemohon tanpa mempertimbangkan substansi dari Pasal yang diujikan.
Implementasi Kebijakan Restrukturisasi/Relaksasi Kredit bagi Debitur Terdampak Pandemi Covid 19 dan Akibat Hukumnya bagi Kreditur Terdampak Pandemi Covid 19 di Sektor Perbankan
Authors: Karim Asma
Published: February 2022

Kebijakan restrukturisasi /relaksasi kredit bagi nasabah debitur terdampak covid 19 sebagaimana dimaksud dalam POJK Stimulus Dampak Covid-19 menyebutkan bahwa Bank dapat menerapkan kebijakan yang mendukung stimulus pertumbuhan ekonomi untuk debitur yang terkena dampak penyebaran coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) termasuk debitur usaha mikro, kecil, dan menengah. Lebih lanjut masalah pokok yang akan dikaji adalah bagaimana implementasi kebijakan restrukturisasi/relaksasi kredit bagi nasabah debitur terdampak pandemi covid 19 di sektor perbankan dan bagaimana akibat hukum kebijakan restrukturisasi /relaksasi kredit bagi bank sebagai kreditur terdampak pandemic covid 19. Penelitian ini adalah penelitian hukum yuridis normatif yang berbasis pada data sekunder atau studi pustaka. Hasil Penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Implementasi restrukturisasi kredit bagi nasabah debitur terdampak covid 19 baik orang perorangan, korporasi termasuk UMKN antara lain berupa: a) penurunan suku bunga; b) perpanjangan jangka waktu; c) pengurangan tunggakan pokok; d) pengurangan tunggakan bunga; e) penambahan fasilitas kredit/pembiayaan; dan/atau f) konversi kredit/pembiayaan menjadi Penyertaan Modal Sementara skemanya oleh OJK kepada masing-masing-masing bank tetapi tetap merujuk kepada POJK. Akibat hukum dari pelaksanaan  restrukturisasi/relakasasi kredit di tengah situasi pandemic covid 19 yang belum berakhir  tidak menutup kemungkian akan membawa high risk atau risiko ekonomi tinggi jika nasabah debitur yang direstrukturisasi/relaksasi kredit ternyata tidak memiliki kemampuan bertahan. Akibat hukum lain yang muncul adalah berkurangnya income atau pendapatan bagi bank.
Determination of the dynamic performance of natural viscoelastic composites with different proportions of reinforcing fibers
Authors: Shlykov Sergei , Rogulin Rodion , Kondrashev Sergey
Published: February 2022

Viscoelastic composites are strong and handle vibration damping quite well, which allows them to be used in a wide variety of applications. Thus, there is a need to determine the optimal amount of fiber to ensure high mechanical and dynamic performance with as little interference as possible. The purpose of this work is to find the most appropriate percentage of organic fiber – cellulose derived from corn stalks in a polylactic acid matrix, studying the changes in damping characteristics, tensile strength, bend-test. As parameters for comparison, the coefficient of bending and breaking strength, modules of accumulation and losses, factor C were chosen. It was found that strength indicators decrease with fiber fraction growth. While the damping factor at the glass transition temperature increases. In order to confirm the results obtained, the calculation of the C factor was used. The study investigates the damping factor’s dependence on the mechanical properties. It is shown that there is a correlation between moduli and bending strength with increasing fiber fraction. The scientific novelty of this work is the study of natural viscoelastic composites with different proportions of reinforcing fibers based on mechanical and dynamic characteristics in order to create and apply biodegradable viscoelastic composites in various fields.
Switching transient analysis for low voltage distribution cable
Authors: Mishra Sanhita , Swain Sarat Chandra , Dash Ritesh
Published: February 2022

Low voltage cable is primarily connected from the transmission system to several household applications. It is quite common that switching transient in the power system during the energization of the high voltage and low voltage cables have a very crippling effect on the cable as well as the power system components. Hence, an experiment has been performed in the laboratory with a low voltage cable-connected motor system. The experimental results have been validated in the simulation platform, and they are capable of predicting the transient behavior during power cable energization. The effect of transients on power cables during the energization of devices has been investigated in this study in the form of voltage, current, and frequency. Discrete wavelet transform is implemented for the decomposition of the transient current. The generated approximation signal is used to quantify the severity during switching transient condition.
CFD simulation of a swirling vortex cavitator and its degradation performance and pathway of tetracycline in aqueous solution
Authors: Wang Baoe , Zhang Rihong , Li Yiyong , Lian Xiaoming
Published: February 2022

The vortex cavitation technology shows a great development potential for antibiotic wastewater treatment. We have designed a novel swirling vortex cavitator for tetracycline degradation in aqueous solution. By Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) simulation using ANSYS CFX flow field calculation software, it was found that the vortex cavitator could form a low-pressure area far lower than the saturated vapor pressure at experimental temperature, resulting in generation of obvious vortex cavitation effect, which also proved by the concentration of hydroxyl radical of 4.58 μmol/L measured by methylene blue method. Moreover, the tetracycline degradation process may be mainly caused by the oxidation of hydroxyl radicals. The batch experiments results showed when the degradation time was 30 min, the vortex cavitator had a good degradation ability of tetracycline in pH range of 5.0–9.0. The degradation efficiency of 2.0 mg/L tetracycline solution was 76.45% within 50 min at pH 7.0. The possible intermediate products of tetracycline were determined by HPLC-MS Spectrometry. A series of reactions including hydroxylation, decarbonylation and C–N bond cleavage, ring-opening, and removing two methyl groups in the carbon atom ring, occur during the degradation.
Spray forming of 2014-Al alloy based composites with injection of SiC particulates
Authors: Schneider A. , Srivastava V. C. , Uhlenwinkel V. , Bauckhage K.
Published: February 2022

Aluminiumalloy (AA2014) based metal matrix composites were produced by spray atomization and co-deposition. The mass median diameter and mass flow rate of SiC were varied between 6 and 58 μm and between 10 and 30 wt.% of the melt flow rate, respectively. Microstructures of deposits and overspray powder particles were examined. Porosity and SiC content were measured at different positions in the preform. The fraction of SiC particulates incorporated in the preform varies between 4 and 11 vol.%, which is caused by the low compaction efficiency lying within the range of 30 to 50% of injected secondary particulates. Porosity is observed to increase with increase in deposited SiC content. Optical microscopy shows a uniform distribution of particles in the microstructure. Microstructural examination of overspray powder particles shows that the basic reason for the incorporation of smaller particles is the collision between reinforcement particles and the liquid droplets during flight. The results are presented and discussed in light of process parameters used.
Derivation and consistency of the partial functions of a ternary system involving interaction coefficients
Authors: Reddy Ramana G. , Reddy Singareddy R.
Published: February 2022

Margules equations are used to express the thermodynamics of a ternary system containing one solvent and two solutes in the vicinity of solvent, in terms of first order interaction coefficients of binary and ternary systems. Considering just the first order Margules coefficients, the resultant excess Gibbs energy function was convergent and the derived logarithmic activity coefficients of solvent and solutes were thermodynamically consistent. In the present study Margules equations are modified to get consistent equations. Partial functions of a ternary system are deduced using these modified equations via the excess Gibbs energy function. Derived partial functions are thermodynamically consistent and also deduced results are the same as those obtained using Maclaurin infinite series. Using the activity coefficient expressions of solvent and solutes, the activity coefficients of solvent and solute are calculated in Ni– Cr–Fe and Fe–Ti –C ternary systems, which are in excellent agreement with the experimental data.
Cryptanalysis of “MAKE”
Authors: Brown Daniel R. L. , Koblitz Neal , LeGrow Jason T.
Published: February 2022

Rahman and Shpilrain proposed a Diffie–Hellman style key exchange based on a semidirect product ofn×nn\times n-matrices over a finite field. We show that, using public information, an adversary can recover the agreed upon secret key by solving a system ofn2{n}^{2}linear equations.
G-Elo: generalization of the Elo algorithm by modeling the discretized margin of victory
Authors: Szczecinski Leszek
Published: February 2022

In this work we develop a new algorithm for rating of teams (or players) in one-on-one games by exploiting the observed difference of the game-points (such as goals), also known as a margin of victory (MOV). Our objective is to obtain the Elo-style algorithm whose operation is simple to implement and to understand intuitively. This is done in three steps: first, we define the probabilistic model between the teams’ skills and the discretized MOV variable: this generalizes the model underpinning the Elo algorithm, where the MOV variable is discretized into three categories (win/loss/draw). Second, with the formal probabilistic model at hand, the optimization required by the maximum likelihood rule is implemented via stochastic gradient; this yields simple online equations for the rating updates which are identical in their general form to those characteristic of the Elo algorithm: the main difference lies in the way the scores and the expected scores are defined. Third, we propose a simple method to estimate the coefficients of the model, and thus define the operation of the algorithm; it is done in a closed form using the historical data so the algorithm is tailored to the sport of interest and the coefficients defining its operation are determined in entirely transparent manner. The alternative, optimization-based strategy to find the coefficients is also presented. We show numerical examples based on the results of the association football of the English Premier League and the American football of the National Football League.
Einfluss der Stadtstruktur auf das raumbezogene Sicherheitsgefühl
Authors: Berthold Mathias , Meyer Maike , Dahlen Lena
Published: February 2022

Das subjektive Sicherheitsgefühl der Bevölkerung und die objektive Sicherheitslage gehen häufig auseinander. Für eine effektive Kriminalprävention sollten beide Ebenen berücksichtigt werden. Im Hinblick auf eine zielgerichtete städtebauliche Kriminalprävention wurden mögliche Zusammenhänge zwischen dem subjektiven Sicherheitsgefühl in der Wohngegend und Merkmalen der physischen sowie sozialen Stadtstruktur analysiert. Die Daten zum Sicherheitsgefühl stammen aus einer Bevölkerungsbefragung des Landeskriminalamtes Nordrhein-Westfalen. Die Daten zur Stadtstruktur wurden über die infas360 GmbH bezogen. Mit den getrennten Datenquellen sollte überprüft werden, inwieweit sich objektiv vorliegende Daten zur Erklärung des Sicherheitsgefühls und in der Konsequenz auch für zielgerichtete Kriminalprävention nutzen lassen. Im Ergebnis zeigten sich lediglich geringe Zusammenhänge. Weder die Variablen der physischen Stadtstruktur, noch die Variablen der sozialen Stadtstruktur konnten wesentlich zur Erklärung des subjektiven Sicherheitsgefühls auf der individuellen Ebene beitragen, obgleich die Richtung der Zusammenhänge den theoretischen Annahmen entsprochen hat. Eine Mehrebenanalyse zeigte, dass die objektiven Daten eher auf der Ebene der Postleitzahlbereiche und nicht auf der individuellen Ebene wirken. Letztendlich wird angenommen, dass die räumliche Betrachtungsgröße auf Postleitzahlbereichen zum einen und die methodische Trennung zwischen dem subjektiv erhobenen Sicherheitsgefühl und den objektiv vorliegenden Daten der Stadtstruktur zum anderen dazu führten, dass lediglich geringe Zusammenhänge festgestellt werden konnten. Bei der Verwendung soziostruktureller Daten sollte somit stets die räumliche Bezugsgröße berücksichtigt werden, auf der sie Wirkung entfalten.
Acute cerebrovascular events in severe and nonsevere COVID-19 patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Quintanilla-Sánchez Carolina , Salcido-Montenegro Alejandro , González-González José Gerardo , Rodríguez-Gutiérrez René
Published: February 2022

The degree to which COVID-19 severity influences the development of acute cerebrovascular events (ACVE) is unknown. Therefore, we aimed to describe the prevalence and risk of ACVE in patients with severe and nonsevere COVID-19. We systematically reviewed MEDLINE, EMBASE, Web of Science, and Scopus and identified observational and interventional studies of patients with COVID-19 allocated by respiratory severity that reported ACVE development. Case reports/series were excluded. The main outcome assessed was the pooled rate of ACVE in patients with severe and nonsevere COVID-19. To determine the risk of ACVE development by COVID-19 severity, a meta-analysis was performed. PROSPERO registration number: CRD42020178905. About 19 of 5758 identified studies were analyzed. From 11,886 COVID-19 patients analyzed, 421 had at least one ACVE [3.6%, 95% confidence interval (CI) 2.904–4.179]. Severe COVID-19 increased the risk of ACVE (odds ratio 1.96, 95% CI 1.22–3.15; P = 0.005; I
2 = 64%), specifically hemorrhagic stroke (4.12, 2.0–8.53; P = 0.001; I
2 = 0%). There was no difference in the risk of developing ischemic stroke between patients with severe and nonsevere COVID-19 (1.53, 0.87–2.7; P = 0.14; I
2 = 52%). From the patients who developed any ACVE, those with severe COVID-19 had a greater mortality risk than those with nonsevere COVID-19 (3.85, 1.08–13.70; P = 0.04; I
2 = 0%). The main limitations of our study were the heterogeneity found in the main meta-analysis studies and in their reported definition for COVID-19 severity. In conclusion, our findings provide evidence that COVID-19 respiratory severity could lead to ACVE development that increases mortality. The effect of COVID-19 management in ACVE needs to be evaluated.
Der digitale Wertstromzwilling
Authors: Spieckermann Sven , Schubert Viktor , Penner Dimitri
Published: February 2022

Der Einsatz von Wertstromanalyse und Wertstromdesign ist in der industriellen Praxis weit verbreitet. Geeignete Softwarewerkzeuge können die Digitalisierung und Simulation von modellierten Wertströmen zeitgemäß unterstützen. Der nächste Schritt zum digitalen Wertstrommanagement in Richtung eines Digitalen Wertstromzwillings ist die online Verknüpfung mit aktuellen Daten aus der Produktion. Der vorliegende Beitrag skizziert wie diese Verknüpfung aussehen kann.
Praxisorientierte Konstruktion in der additiven Fertigung
Authors: Hoffmann Lauri Johannes , Brinkmann Joachim , Huwer Adrian , Wahl Michael , Heesen Henrik te
Published: February 2022

Die mit der additiven Fertigung einhergehenden erweiterten Freiheitsgrade und daraus folgende Anpassung der Konstruktionsmethodik stellt für Unternehmen eine Herausforderung dar. Ergänzend dazu werden anhand des gewählten Demonstrators eine additive Anpassungskonstruktion eines E-Scooter-Trittbrettes, praxisnahe Handlungsempfehlungen für eine erfolgreiche Integration von additiven Konstruktionsmethoden sowie deren Potenziale vorgestellt und in die chronologische Vorgehensweise der Konstruktionsmethoden eingeordnet.
Influence of Schneiderian Membrane Perforations on the Prognosis and Outcomes of Lateral Window Sinus Lift Operations: A Retrospective Case Series Study
Authors: Hermes Marc , Lommen Julian , R Kübler Norbert , Lytvyniuk Iryna , D Singh Daman , Schorn Lara , Holtmann Henrik
Published: February 2022

Introduction: This study analyzed the influence of Schneiderian membrane perforations covered with collagen membranes on the success of augmentation and implantation as well as the influences of smoking, radiation and chemotherapy. Patients and Methods: 182 consecutive operated patients with a total of 298 augmented sinuses and 833 inserted implants were analyzed retrospectively. Success rates of sinus augmentations with perforated and unperforated Schneiderian membranes were compared. Results: Perforations of the Schneiderian membrane occurred in 23.2% (p< 0.001). Success rate decreased from 89.4% (p< 0,001) at unperforated sinuses to 80.0% (p=0.005) at perforated sinuses for the irradiated patients and from 95.6% (p< 0,001) at unperforated sinuses to 89.8% (p< 0.001) at perforated sinuses for patients not treated with radiation therapy. Similar results were found for the implant loss rate, which was highest for perforated sinuses at irradiated patients – 43.9% (p=0.023) – and lowest for unperforated sinuses at not irradiated patients – 4.5% (p< 0.001). Comparing membrane perforation to lost implants and failure rate a statistically significant difference could be detected (p=0,029). Conclusions: Although Schneiderian membrane was covered with collagen membranes in all cases, perforations still have a negative impact on success rates of augmentation and implant survival. Possible improvements of this method should be investigated in following studies. Keywords: Radiation therapy; Smoking; Chemotherapy; Sinus augmentation; Implant loss; Implant survival;
Computer-Based Activity to Engage Students in Exploring Biodiversity Decline & Extinction
Authors: Cayuela Luis
Published: February 2022

Understanding the main causes of biodiversity decline is an essential part of the syllabus of any university-level course in conservation biology. A novel computer-based activity is described for introducing students to using the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) Red List database. The specific objectives of this activity are (1) to understand the main causes that threaten species worldwide and, if these causes differ, to try to elucidate the underlying processes that might be responsible for these differences in a given country and (2) to train students how to use digital biological data platforms, such as the IUCN Red List, and how to analyze and interpret biological data. To achieve these goals, students must obtain information from the IUCN Red List to assess why species are threatened globally and in a given country. Based on the total number of threatened species, students calculate the percentage of species affected by each threat within each Red List category and for all categories combined both globally and at the national level. The activity ends with a discussion in the classroom where the students are expected to share their interpretations about the main causes that threaten biodiversity at different scales of analysis and the applications of their findings in a conservation context. The activity is expected to increase the awareness of students regarding environmental issues and to develop different key competencies and basic skills as learning outcomes, including expertise in biological diagnosis, information management, and using the internet as an information source.
Poziom wiedzy personelu pielęgniarskiego na temat zakażeń Clostridioides difficile
Authors: Cichońska Małgorzata , Janicka-Szpond Małgorzata , Maciąg Dorota , Borek Monika , Kowalska Katarzyna
Published: February 2022

Wstęp Beztlenowa laseczka Clostridioides jest bakterią powszechnie występującą w organizmach zwierzęcych, ludzkich i środowisku, stanowiącą przyczynę zakaźnej biegunki szpitalnej, która odpowiada za 15–25% wszystkich biegunek poantybiotykowych. Aktualnie zakażenie Clostridioides difficile stanowi jeden z najważniejszych problemów epidemiologicznych, a częstość jego występowania związana jest z niekontrolowanym stosowaniem antybiotyków oraz pobytem pacjenta w szpitalu czy ośrodku opieki długoterminowej. Źródłem przenoszenia infekcji są najczęściej nosiciele i osoby chore. Właściwości drobnoustroju sprawiają, że odpowiada on w dużym stopniu za obserwowany w ostatnich latach wzrost zapadalności i cięższy przebieg zakażeń C. difficile. Cel Celem badań jest określenie poziomu wiedzy pielęgniarek na temat zakażenia C. difficile. Materiał i metody Badanie przeprowadzono w 2019 r. wśród 104 pielęgniarek pracujących w oddziałach jednego ze szpitali w regionie podkarpackim. Zostało zrealizowane metodą sondażu diagnostycznego, techniką ankietowania z wykorzystaniem autorskiego kwestionariusza ankiety zawierającej 30 pytań jednokrotnego wyboru. W badaniu dominowały kobiety, osoby pracujące w oddziałach zachowawczych, w wieku 41–50 lat, ze stażem pracy powyżej 31 lat, mieszkające w mieście, z wykształceniem średnim, które nie miały kontaktu w rodzinie z osobą zakażoną C. difficile, jednak miały kontakt z osobą zakażoną w środowisku zawodowym. Wyniki Badania potwierdziły, że wiedza respondentów na temat C. difficile była na poziomie przeciętnym i dostatecznym, niezależnie od płci, wieku, miejsca pracy, stażu pracy, miejsca zamieszkania, kontaktu badanych z osobą zakażoną C. difficile lub jego braku. Samoocena wiedzy personelu pielęgniarskiego nie korelowała z jej faktycznym poziomem. Personel pielęgniarski wykazywał się poziomem wiedzy, który tylko w niektórych zakresach był zależny od cech opisujących badaną populację. Wnioski Stwierdzony poziom wiedzy badanych na temat zakażeń C. difficile potwierdza, że konieczna jest ciągła edukacja personelu pielęgniarskiego, aby możliwe było skuteczne leczenie i zapobieganie zakażeniom tym drobnoustrojem w praktyce klinicznej.
Competencias Digitales Docentes y su Estado en el Contexto Virtual
Authors: Rodríguez Martínez Angel Jesús
Published: February 2022

En el artículo se analiza la situación actual de las competencias digitales de los docentes y su importancia para garantizar la enseñanza-aprendizaje en el contexto virtual. El método utilizado es una revisión sistemática de los documentos normativos que provienen del Ministerio de Educación del Perú y de la Unión Europea quienes abordan la problemática educativa y la educación digital, respectivamente. Entre los principales resultados tenemos que, dos de cada tres docentes presentan dificultades para sistematizar su práctica pedagógica en el contexto de la virtualidad donde solo el 1.9 % de docentes crea contenidos digitales. En conclusión, casi el 98 % de docentes se ubica en un primer nivel de dominio de las competencias digitales, haciendo uso solo a nivel elemental de las tecnologías de información y comunicación (TIC); existe la necesidad de actualizar la primera fase de la estrategia nacional de tecnología, de manera gradual y en niveles: explorador, experto, y líder.
Tensiones Respecto a la Brecha Digital en la Educación Peruana
Authors: Narcizo Tarazona Carlos
Published: February 2022

La pandemia por el Covid-19 ha desnudado muchas carencias a nivel mundial, como el aspecto educativo debido a que una de las medidas fue el cambio del escenario presencial al virtual, en las clases. Muchos estudiantes no accedieron, por desconocimiento de las herramientas tecnológicas y de conexión a internet, comprobando la inequidad educativa, principalmente en países latinoamericanos el 55% han sido afectados, donde seis de cada diez hogares sufren esta necesidad. El presente estudio tiene como objetivo mostrar la desigualdad en la educación digital que está latente pese a los esfuerzos de las políticas educativas implementadas por los gobiernos. La investigación es tipificada como investigación básica, cualitativa y con diseño sistemático; además, se consideró un muestreo de documentos normativos del Minedu y Unesco los cuales abordan el problema de la labor educativa en crisis sanitaria y la sociedad digital, respectivamente. En los resultados encontrados se evidenció que existe la brecha digital por nivel económico, ubicación geográfica: urbano y rural, entre otros. Se concluye que la pandemia ha descubierto mucha desigualdad en la educación virtual y se considera que la tecnología, y conexión a internet son de vital importancia para el cierre de brecha digital en el Perú.
“Staggering” Effect in Even-even Nuclei with Quadrupole and Octupole Deformations
Authors: Nadirbekov M.S. , Yuldasheva G.A.
Published: February 2022

The ∆I = 1 "staggering" effect is investigated in the energy spectrum of positive and negative parities of the yrast band of even-even actinide nuclei. The "staggering" effect is described by the formula proportional to the discrete approximation of the fourth-order derivative of the function ∆E(I). It is shown that the "staggering" effect is characterized by the "zigzag" behavior and does not vanish within the observed range of angular momenta.
Dipolе-центр у кристалах селеніду цинку
Authors: Degoda V.Ya. , Brodyn M.S. , Alizadeh M. , Podust G.P. , Pavlova N.Yu. , Kozhushko B.V.
Published: February 2022

Встановлено, що вiдома смуга свiчення з максимумом бiля 630 нм в нелегованих кристалах ZnSe зумовлена рекомбiнацiєю як вiльних електронiв на локалiзованих дiрках, так i рекомбiнацiєю вiльних дiрок на локалiзованих електронах. Такий результат вдалося отримати завдяки порiвнянню мiж собою, по-перше, експериментальних значень стацiонарних iнтенсивностей люмiнесценцiї зi значеннями iнтенсивностей фосфоресценцiї та термостимульованої люмiнесценцiї, i, по-друге, величин провiдностi при стацiонарних умовах з кривими релаксацiї струму та термостимульованої провiдностi. Для пояснення нетипових спектральних особливостей смуги свiчення 630 нм, запропоновано iснування комплексного (не точкового) центра, на якому можуть альтернативно реалiзовуватись обидва механiзми рекомбiнацiї. Такий центр можна назвати Dipole-центром. Для багато-центрової моделi кристалофосфору з присутнiм у ньому Dipole-центром рекомбiнацiї проведено теоретичний аналiз i встановлено, що саме цей центр зумовлює широку смугу свiчення iз загальним максимумом при 630 нм. Це дозволяє запропонувати сцинтиляцiйний матерiал нового типу – з Dipole-центром у ролi центра свiчення, який не потребує пасток для забезпечення високого виходу люмiнесценцiї.
Mulheres, discurso jornalístico e política
Authors: Fernandes Sofia Finguermann e
Published: February 2022

Este trabalho reflete sobre a representação midiática de mulheres presentes no cenário político brasileiro, a partir de uma análise dialógica discursiva de reportagens de capa protagonizadas por figuras públicas da política nacional entre 2015 e 2019. Faz-se um paralelo entre o retrato de mulheres em posição de protagonismo político, ou seja, governantes eleitas, e a representação daquelas que ocupam papeis coadjuvantes no que tange à atuação política, como primeiras-damas. Por serem estudados textos sincréticos da contemporaneidade, o dialogismo do Círculo de Bakhtin (VOLÓCHINOV, 2017) aparece atrelado aos estudos do verbo-visual (BRAIT, 2013). A hipótese apontada é de que, enquanto protagonistas o fazer político, não raramente mulheres aparecem vilificadas pela mídia e, sob avaliações de histerismo ou incompetência, o modelo que lhes parece ser atribuído é o de bruxa má (DWORKIN, 1974). Por outro lado, quando ocupam o papel de coadjuvantes, o retrato midiático as valoriza no que tange ao padrão estético vigente e parece construir uma narrativa próxima às das princesas de contos-de-fada. Considerando que todo enunciado é parte de uma corrente discursiva ininterrupta e que está circunscrito, necessariamente, a um sistema ideológico (BAKHTIN, 2003), propõe-se estudar as relações dialógicas, contratuais ou polêmicas, que constituem as capas investigadas para, então, refletir sobre os papeis sociais estratificados às mulheres, refletidos e reiterados pelo fazer midiático.
Signos de ódio, terror e crueldade
Authors: Rodrigues Marcos Alexandre Fernandes , Rosa Kelli Machado da
Published: February 2022

Esta pesquisa tem como objeto científico uma organização (neo)cristonazifascista rastreada e investigada, no Telegram, durante o mês de março de 2021. Nesse sentido, o objetivo geral é compreender o horizonte ideológico da organização, explorando reflexos e refrações semânticas em articulação com vozes socioideológicas materializadas nos enunciados. Esta pesquisa se justifica pela importância de se fomentar o debate sobre essa ideologia tornando-se uma forma de denúncia social. Escolhem-se, como procedimento metodológico, 11 postagens-enunciados como corpus discursivo, concebendo-o como histórico, social e ideológico. A metodologia está ancorada nos postulados de Bakhtin (2011), Medviédev (2016) e Volóchinov (2018).
Camperando a linguagem
Authors: Remenche Maria de Lourdes Rossi , Montargil Gilmar
Published: February 2022

Os jogadores do game Dead By Daylight (DBD) enunciam uma linguagem sociotípica que produz a comunicabilidade em um espaço-tempo sígnico que dialoga com diversas temáticas horríficas. Considerando esse cenário, este artigo apresenta resultados de pesquisa investigativa sobre os modos de articulação da linguagem advinda de práticas discursivas interacionais com o jogo DBD. O corpus se constitui de recortes de streams de quatro streamers da plataforma Facebook Gaming, totalizando oito amostras. A análise, a partir da concepção dialógica do discurso do Círculo de Bakhtin, mobilizou conceitos como heterogeneidade da linguagem, dialogismo e heterodiscurso. Os resultados salientaram algumas estratégias linguísticas empregadas, entre elas, acronismos, deslizamentos de sentido e a mobilização de empréstimos linguísticos.
A identidade na vida e a identidade na arte
Authors: Silva Juan dos Santos , Alves Maria da Penha Casado
Published: February 2022

Este trabalho se propôs a investigar possibilidades interpretativas da categoria identidade a partir de pressupostos afins construídos pelo Círculo de Bakhtin, materializados em teorias como cronotopo (2018), alteridade (2011) e corpo (1987). Uma vez na Linguística Aplicada, esta pesquisa considera que os sujeitos estão situados em determinado tempo e espaço e, portanto, produzem práticas discursivas situadas. Assim, a abordagem linguística é fundamental para a construção e compreensão das identidades, porquanto sua matéria-prima é, justamente, a linguagem, seja ela corporificada na vida seja na arte. Desse modo, além das obras bakhtinianas, nos valemos de considerações tecidas por Volóchinov (2019) e Medviédev (2016) que fundamentam a afirmação anterior e justificam a relação entre o mundo da vida e o mundo da arte, uma vez que os estudos de Bakhtin tomam como objeto a literatura e, ainda assim, esses encontram aplicabilidade e materialidade para além do literário. Nesse sentido, evidenciamos primeiro como a identidade se arquiteta a partir das condições materiais fornecidas pelo tempo e pelo espaço, o que o autor denomina cronotopo, e em seguida observamos como as categorias da alteridade e corpo contribuem para formular uma ideia de construção identitária pela linguagem. Enfim, problematizamos como essas questões estão refratadas no mundo da vida e como essa teoria é responsiva a muitas problemáticas contemporâneas. Ao final da análise, ficou evidente que os estudos do Círculo acerca da identidade fornecem a abertura para novas questões e modos de pensar essa categoria. Além disso, partindo desses postulados, torna-se evidente não só a possibilidade de oxigenação da teoria, mas a percepção de sua valiosa atualidade.
Sollertinsky, entre o património e a (re)descoberta
Authors: Manzoni Samuel
Published: February 2022

O problema daquilo que se poderia definir como uma adequada e necessária revisão histórica referente à figura de Ivan Sollertínski (1902-1944) se apresenta ainda hoje, uma vez que a musicologia contemporânea (Ocidental) evitou deliberadamente qualquer profunda investigação sobre a atividade crítica bem como seu processo ideológico-cognitivo que particularizou a obra criativa desse estudioso. A falta de fontes, as barreiras linguísticas e a pouca disponibilidade dos textos favoreceram uma transmissão parcial desse importante legado do autor. A produção ensaística e, também, divulgada de Sollertínski é enriquecida de análises e reflexões capazes de englobar o que se poderia definir como um processo sintático de constructo artístico-compositivo. O presente artigo coloca em questão, então, a influência exercida do eixo Sollertínski Bakhtin nas obras do primeiro Chostakóvich, nas quais a simbologia crítico-literária nos permite individualizar modelos cognitivos-perceptivos (Dostoiévski-Shakespeare), assim como elementos folclóricos populares (Rabelais) distanciados dos preconceitos impostos pelo realismo socialista. A escolha das obras, como veremos, recairá em algumas composições de Chostakóvich que, mais do que outras, têm a tendência de oscilar com maior evidência em territórios extramusicais, promovendo uma linguagem de clara matriz bakhtiniana. Trata-se de uma grande “parábola composicional” de aproximadamente dez anos e que dificilmente se afasta da subjetividade de um processo criativo arquitetado, mas que oferece, especialmente nessas primeiras obras do compositor, um estilo musical imbuído de léxicos e sintaxes crítico-literárias. Deparamo-nos, dessa forma, com um envolvimento interdisciplinar que não prevê uma sobreposição de uma área sobre a outra, mas, o exato contrário, de modo a favorecer uma intertextualidade estrutural capaz de mostrar tanto as relações musicais quanto as extramusicais. O processo tripartite-detotalizante [tripartitico detotalizzante], o emblemático modelo crítico introduzido por Sollertínski, apresenta-se, portanto, como um instrumento analítico de fundamental importância historiográfica, o qual é capaz de reler a arquitetônica composicional do mesmo modo que o projeto estilístico.
“É melhor escrever sobre risos que sobre lágrimas…”
Authors: Ponzio Luciano
Published: February 2022

A experiência do riso parece destinada a desaparecer quase completamente no mundo de nosso tempo? Ou podemos considerar o riso como uma das linguagens humanas mais poderosas mais potentes no plano criativo, configurando-se uma estética do riso como uma lógica de derrubada, de ousadia abdução, inferencial e de regeneração do mundo? Certamente, a comunicação linguística não é feita apenas de palavras. E o riso alegre e profanador que subverte as hierarquias e as regras sérias da ideologia dominante é um riso aberto, intersubjetivo, liberatório e libertador, e o papel que a alteridade nele desempenha torna o riso impossível de ser definido em uma significação e em uma designação precisas denotando, ao invés disso, uma ineliminável ambiguidade e polissemia ​​de um signo muito particular determinado não apenas por sua resistência, mas também como uma das formas mais eficazes de resistência ao monologismo dominante.
Evaluation of the influence of in vitro human digestion simulation on the chemical composition and bioactivities of Ziziphus jujuba Mill.
Authors: Barak T.H. , Bardakcı H. , Kurt-Celep İ. , Özdemir K. , Celep E.
Published: February 2022

Fruit of Ziziphus jujuba Mill. are used as functional foods for centuries due to their rich content and bioactivities. Although in vitro antioxidant and hypoglycaemic activity of jujube fruit were investigated previously, the bioavailability phenomenon has been disregarded so far. For this study, 80% ethanol extract of Ziziphus jujuba fruit (ZJE) was investigated for its in vitro hypoglycaemic and antioxidant potentials, before and after the interaction with simulated human digestion. DPPH scavenging activity, FRAP, CUPRAC, and TOAC assays were used for this purpose. Moreover, inhibition potentials of α-amylase and α-glucosidase enzymes and advanced glycation end products (AGE) were examined for the hypoglycaemic effect. Results indicated that ZJE showed significant antioxidant and dose dependent enzyme and AGE inhibition activity. Nonetheless, subsequent to simulated human digestion in vitro bioactivities of ZJE were significantly lowered for bioavailable fraction (IN). Protocatechuic acid (PA) (major phenolic compound of the fruit) contents of the extract and fractions were measured via HPTLC for more accurate understanding of the effects of human digestion and bioavailability profile.
Representasi Elemen-elemen Jurnalisme dalam Film Spotlight
Authors: Irawati Irawati , Irawati Irawati
Published: February 2022

ABSTRAK

            Kejurnalistikan bisasanya identik dengan media-media mainstream seperti halnya televisi, radio, koran atau majalah. Film merupakan salah satu media massa yang mampu memuat unsur- unsur jurnalisme, sama halnya seperti media mainstream lainnya. Salah satu film yang bertemakan jurnalisme adalah film Spotlight.

                   Tujuan dari penelitian ini yaitu untuk  mengetahui apakah film Spotlight mampu merepresentasikan elemen-elemen jurnalisme. Seperti halnya merepresentasikan tentang kewajiban utama jurnalisme adalah kebenaran, loyalitas pertama jurnalisme kepada warga masyarakat dan lain sebagainya.

                   Pemilihan analisis dalam penelitian ini menggunakan analisis semiotika Charles Sanders Pierce.  Analisis Pierce dikenal dengan Triangel meaning  yang terdiri dari Sign, objek dan interpretant.

            Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa film spotlight mampu merepresentasikan elemen-elemen jurnalisme, hampir setiap adegan mengandung elemen jurnalisme, seperti adegan dimana salah satu tokoh mengusulkan untuk menuliskan nomor telepon surat kabar mereka, agar warga dapat menelpon langsung ke kantor mereka. Selain itu dalam penelitian ini menenukan pengembangan baru berdasarkan pemikiran Pierce, teori Pierce itu untuk menganalisis  suatu tanda menggunakan tiga unsur yaitu Sign objek dan interpretant sedang hasil yang dikembangkan dari teorinya pierce menjadi empat unsur yaitu sign, objek, konteks dan interpretant.

Kata Kunci :  Semiotika; Elemen Jurnalisme; spotlight

 

Abstract

The journalist is usually synonymous with mainstream media such as television, radio, newspapers or magazines. Film is one of the mass media that is able to contain elements of journalism, as well as other mainstream media. One of the films with the theme of journalism is the Spotlight film.

The purpose of this study is to find out whether the Spotlight film is able to represent elements of journalism. Just as representing the main obligations of journalism is truth, journalism's first loyalty to citizens and so on.

The choice of analysis in this study used Charles Sanders Pierce's semiotic analysis. Pierce's analysis is known as Triangel meaning which consists of Signs, objects and interpreters.

The results showed that spotlight films were able to represent elements of journalism, almost every scene contained an element of journalism, such as a scene where one of the figures suggested writing their telephone number so that citizens could call directly to their office. In addition, in this study, a new development was based on Pierce's thinking, Pierce's theory to analyze a sign using three elements, namely the Sign object and interpretant while the results developed from Pierce's theory became four elements namely sign, object, context and interpretant.

 

Keywords: Semiotics; Elements of Journalism; spotlight