bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Improving a nitrogen mineralization model for predicting unfertilized corn yield
Authors: Arrington Kathleen E. , Ordóñez Raziel A. , Rivera‐Ocasio Zoelie , Luthard Madeline , Tierney Sarah , Spargo John , Finney Denise , Kaye Jason , White Charles
Published: April 2024

Crop N decision support tools are typically based on either empirical relationships that lack mechanistic underpinnings or simulation models that are too complex to use on farms with limited input data. We developed an N mineralization model for corn that lies between these endpoints; it includes a mechanistic model structure reflecting microbial and texture controls on N mineralization but requires just a few simple inputs: soil texture soil C and N concentration and cover crop N content and carbon to nitgrogen ratio (C/N). We evaluated a previous version of the model with an independent dataset to determine the accuracy in predictions of unfertilized corn (Zea mays L.) yield across a wider range of soil texture, cover crop, and growing season precipitation conditions. We tested three assumptions used in the original model: (1) soil C/N is equal to 10, (2) yield does not need to be adjusted for growing season precipitation, and (3) sand content controls humification efficiency (ε). The best new model used measured values for soil C/N, had a summertime precipitation adjustment, and included both sand and clay content as predictors of ε (root mean square error [RMSE] = 1.43 Mg ha−1; r2 = 0.69). In the new model, clay has a stronger influence than sand on ε, corresponding to lower predicted mineralization rates on fine‐textured soils. The new model had a reasonable validation fit (RMSE = 1.71 Mg ha−1; r2 = 0.56) using an independent dataset. Our results indicate the new model is an improvement over the previous version because it predicts unfertilized corn yield for a wider range of conditions.
Understanding the nonlinear effect of digital technology development on CO2 reduction
Authors: Kwilinski Aleksy
Published: April 2024

Digital technology, including advancements in artificial intelligence, the Internet of Things, and data analytics, has the potential to revolutionize tackling the problem of carbon dioxide emissions and achieving sustainable development. The paper aims at checking the nature of the impact of digital technology development on carbon dioxide reduction for the EU countries in 2013–2020. The study applies the following methods: entropy methods, panel‐corrected standard error, and feasible generalized least squares. The digital technology development index enabled the classification of all the EU countries into two distinct groups: High Digital Technology Development and Moderate/Lower Digital Technology Development. The findings confirm that digital technology development has a significant impact on decreasing carbon dioxide emissions. In the first stage, the growth of digital technology causes a faster decrease in carbon dioxide emissions. However, beyond a certain threshold, the further improvement of digital technology results in diminishing marginal benefits of CO2 emissions reduction. Thus, the EU government should catalyze the extension of digital technologies among all sectors and levels. In addition, it requires enhancing digital literacy of the society and local authorities.
Re‐Unveiling the energy efficiency impact: Paving the way for sustainable growth in ASEAN countries
Authors: Adha Rishan , Hong Cheng‐Yih , Yang Su‐Fen , Muzayyanah Syamsiyatul
Published: April 2024

The Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) heavily relies on fossil fuels to drive economic growth, making it one of the world's largest greenhouse gas emitters. Promoting energy efficiency has been proposed as a solution to mitigate this issue. However, the potential negative impact of energy efficiency on economic growth remains unclear. Therefore, this study aims to re‐evaluate the dynamic impact of overall energy efficiency on economic growth in ASEAN countries, considering climate change factors. Unlike prior studies, this research measures overall efficiency based on both persistent and transient components of energy efficiency. This study employs two key techniques: stochastic frontier analysis (SFA) to estimate the overall energy efficiency and panel vector autoregression (PVAR) to analyze the dynamic causal effects of determinants' shocks. The findings suggest that enhancing ASEAN's overall energy efficiency could result in an 85.9% reduction in total energy consumption, indicating high levels of inefficiency in the region. While extensive energy efficiency measures might induce a temporary economic contraction in ASEAN countries, the rate of decline seems to abate over the long term. This implies that the impact of the energy efficiency shock will be most prominent during initial growth stages, progressively waning over time. Additionally, this study confirms the presence of the Environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC) for climate change and economic growth.
Unpacking the black box: Investigating the role of social protection programmes in promoting decent work and economic growth in low‐income countries
Authors: Mishra Naman , Grima Simon , Ozen Ercan
Published: April 2024

This study investigates the intricate nexus between low‐income countries, Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), and the multifaceted phenomenon of unemployment. Amid the global endeavour to achieve SDGs, these marginalised nations assume a pivotal role, confronting distinctive challenges and opportunities. We employ meticulous analysis and structural equation modelling techniques to unveil a complex network of relationships among diverse socio‐economic indicators and unemployment across 27 low‐income countries, encompassing nations such as Afghanistan, Zambia, and others. Our empirical findings underscore the paramount importance of economic advancement, as epitomised by GDP per capita, in fostering employment prospects. Concurrently, environmental endeavours, epitomised by CO2 emissions, underscore the potential of green employment in mitigating unemployment. Investments in education and healthcare, as indicated by primary completion rates and life expectancy, emerge as pivotal determinants of employability. Moreover, access to clean energy sources and mobile cellular subscriptions indirectly influence unemployment rates, underscoring the multifaceted nature of the issue. Furthermore, our analysis reveals the intricate interplay between economic progress and social well‐being. These insights give policymakers invaluable direction, stressing the significance of tailored strategies that harness education, healthcare, technology, and environmental initiatives to alleviate unemployment, cultivate inclusive growth, and advance the overarching aspirations of sustainable development in low‐income countries.
Synthesis, Characterization and Optical Properties of Two Novel Metal Borates
Authors: Zhou Menghan , Yang Hui , Guo Zhifen , Xu Cuixia , Gu Xiaomin , Lin Yuan
Published: April 2024

Two novel metal borates, namely, Ag7B9O16(OH)2 (1) and AgCa2B7O11(OH)4 (2) were obtained under hydrothermal conditions. Ag7B9O16(OH)2 crystallizes into the centrosymmetric space group of C2/c in the monoclinic crystal system and displays a unique three‐dimensional (3D) framework built by 1D double borate chains further connected by Ag cations. AgCa2B7O11(OH)4 also belongs to monoclinic space group C2/c and it features borate chains with B8O8 8‐membered rings along the c axis which are further coordinated via AgO3 into 2D layers. These layers are bridged via CaO8 polyhedron into the final 3D framework. Two compounds were further characterized through thermogravimetric and optical analysis and density functional theory calculation have also been carried out, addressing their electronic structures.
A Highly Efficient and Selective Glycine Based Schiff Base Fluorescent Probe for Dual Sensing of Zn(II) and Cu(II) and its Antibacterial Activity and BSA Interaction Studies
Authors: Kharpan Bandashisha , Chetia Jagritima , Pyngrope Hunshisha , Kakati Udeshna Priya , Wangkheimayum Jayalaxmi , Paul Pradip C. , Singh T. Sanjoy , Paul Subrata , Bhattacharjee Amitabha
Published: April 2024

A mesogenic glycine based Schiff base compound of the type, (E)‐methyl 2‐((2‐hydroxy‐4‐(tetradecyloxy)benzylidene)amino)acetate (HL) has been successfully synthesized and characterized using analytical and spectroscopic techniques. The Schiff base compound was evaluated for chemosensor activity towards different metal ions using fluorescence spectroscopy. The experiment reveals highly efficient and selective “turn‐on” and “turn‐off” responses of the fluorescence intensity towards zinc(II) and copper(II), respectively, in presence of other metal ions. The binding constant and the stoichiometry ratio were determined using Benesi‐Hildebrand equation giving 1 : 1 stoichiometry. The limits of detection for both the metal ions were estimated from the fluorescence titration experiments. The reversibility nature of the Schiff base probe was also studied using EDTA as chelating ligand. The compound, HL exhibits two INHIBIT logic gates with chemical inputs (i) Zn2+ (IN1) and Cu2+ (IN2) and (ii) Zn2+ (IN1) and EDTA (IN2). An IMPLICATION logic gate was also obtained when Cu2+ (IN1) and EDTA (IN2) serve as chemical inputs. The compound was found to exhibit potent antibacterial activity and efficient binding interaction with BSA. Molecular docking studies were carried out in order to ascertain the degree of interaction and the nature of binding of the compound with the proteins.
SiC@NiO Core–Shell Nanowire Networks‐Based Optoelectronic Synapses for Neuromorphic Computing and Visual Systems at High Temperature
Authors: Shen Weikang , Wang Pan , Wei Guodong , Yuan Shuai , Chen Mi , Su Ying , Xu Bingshe , Li Guoqiang
Published: April 2024

1D nanowire networks, sharing similarities of structure, information transfer, and computation with biological neural networks, have emerged as a promising platform for neuromorphic systems. Based on brain‐like structures of 1D nanowire networks, neuromorphic synaptic devices can overcome the von Neumann bottleneck, achieving intelligent high‐efficient sensing and computing function with high information processing rates and low power consumption. Here, high‐temperature neuromorphic synaptic devices based on SiC@NiO core–shell nanowire networks optoelectronic memristors (NNOMs) are developed. Experimental results demonstrate that NNOMs attain synaptic short/long‐term plasticity and modulation plasticity under both electrical and optical stimulation, and exhibit advanced functions such as short/long‐term memory and “learning–forgetting–relearning” under optical stimulation at both room temperature and 200 °C. Based on the advanced functions under light stimulus, the constructed 5 × 3 optoelectronic synaptic array devices exhibit a stable visual memory function up to 200 °C, which can be utilized to develop artificial visual systems. Additionally, when exposed to multiple electronic or optical stimuli, the NNOMs effectively replicate the principles of Pavlovian classical conditioning, achieving visual heterologous synaptic functionality and refining neural networks. Overall, with abundant synaptic characteristics and high‐temperature thermal stability, these neuromorphic synaptic devices offer a promising route for advancing neuromorphic computing and visual systems.
Chiral Transfer and Evolution in Cysteine Induced Cobalt Superstructures
Authors: Wang Zimo , Yin Xiuxiu , Ba Junjie , Li Junpeng , Wei Yingjin , Wang Yizhan
Published: April 2024

Chiral organic additives have unveiled the extraordinary capacity to form chiral inorganic superstructures, however, complex hierarchical structures have hindered the understanding of chiral transfer and growth mechanisms. This study introduces a simple hydrothermal synthesis method for constructing chiral cobalt superstructures with cysteine, demonstrating specific recognition of chiral molecules and outstanding electrocatalytic activity. The mild preparation conditions allow in situ tracking of chirality evolution in the chiral cobalt superstructure, offering unprecedented insights into the chiral transfer and amplification mechanism. The resulting superstructures exhibit a universal formation process applicable to other metal oxides, extending the understanding of chiral superstructure evolution. This work contributes not only to the fundamental understanding of chirality in self‐assembled structures but also provides a versatile method for designing chiral inorganic nanomaterials with remarkable molecular recognition and electrocatalytic capabilities.
In‐Situ Construction of Electronically Insulating and Air‐Stable Ionic Conductor Layer on Electrolyte Surface and Grain Boundary to Enable High‐Performance Garnet‐Type Solid‐State Batteries
Authors: Zhou Xiaoming , Liu Jin , Ouyang Zejian , Liu Fangyang , Zhang Zongliang , Lai Yanqing , Li Jie , Jiang Liangxing
Published: April 2024

Lithophobic Li2CO3/LiOH contaminants and high‐resistance lithium‐deficient phases produced from the exposure of garnet electrolyte to air leads to a decrease in electrolyte ion transfer ability. Additionally, garnet electrolyte grain boundaries (GBs) with narrow bandgap and high electron conductivity are potential channels for current leakage, which accelerate Li dendrites generation, ultimately leading to short‐circuiting of all‐solid‐state batteries (ASSBs). Herein, a stably lithiophilic Li2ZO3 is in situ constructed at garnet electrolyte surface and GBs by interfacial modification with ZrO2 and Li2CO3 (Z+C) co‐sintering to eliminate the detrimental contaminants and lithium‐deficient phases. The Li2ZO3 formed on the modified electrolyte (LLZTO‐(Z+C)) surface effectively improves the interfacial compatibility and air stability of the electrolyte. Li2ZO3 formed at GBs broadens the energy bandgaps of LLZTO‐(Z+C) and significantly inhibits lithium dendrite generation. More Li+ transport paths found in LLZTO‐Z+C by first‐principles calculations increase Li+ conductivity from 1.04×10−4 to 7.45×10−4 S cm−1. Eventually, the Li|LLZTO‐(Z+C)|Li symmetric cell maintains stable cycling for over 2000 h at 0.8 mA cm−2. The capacity retention of LiFePO4|LLZTO‐(Z+C)|Li battery retains 70.5% after 5800 ultralong cycles at 4 C. This work provides a potential solution to simultaneously enhance the air stability and modulate chemical characteristics of the garnet electrolyte surface and GBs for ASSBs.
Charge‐Reversed Exosomes for Targeted Gene Delivery to Cartilage for Osteoarthritis Treatment
Authors: Zhang Chenzhen , Pathrikar Tanvi V. , Baby Helna M. , Li Jun , Zhang Hengli , Selvadoss Andrew , Ovchinnikova Arina , Ionescu Andreia , Chubinskaya Susan , Miller Rachel E. , Bajpayee Ambika G.
Published: April 2024

Gene therapy has the potential to facilitate targeted expression of therapeutic proteins to promote cartilage regeneration in osteoarthritis (OA). The dense, avascular, aggrecan‐glycosaminoglycan (GAG) rich negatively charged cartilage, however, hinders their transport to reach chondrocytes in effective doses. While viral vector mediated gene delivery has shown promise, concerns over immunogenicity and tumorigenic side‐effects persist. To address these issues, this study develops surface‐modified cartilage‐targeting exosomes as non‐viral carriers for gene therapy. Charge‐reversed cationic exosomes are engineered for mRNA delivery by anchoring cartilage targeting optimally charged arginine‐rich cationic motifs into the anionic exosome bilayer by using buffer pH as a charge‐reversal switch. Cationic exosomes penetrated through the full‐thickness of early‐stage arthritic human cartilage owing to weak‐reversible ionic binding with GAGs and efficiently delivered the encapsulated eGFP mRNA to chondrocytes residing in tissue deep layers, while unmodified anionic exosomes do not. When intra‐articularly injected into destabilized medial meniscus mice knees with early‐stage OA, mRNA loaded charge‐reversed exosomes overcame joint clearance and rapidly penetrated into cartilage, creating an intra‐tissue depot and efficiently expressing eGFP; native exosomes remained unsuccessful. Cationic exosomes thus hold strong translational potential as a platform technology for cartilage‐targeted non‐viral delivery of any relevant mRNA targets for OA treatment.
From Performance Measurements to Molecular Level Characterization: Exploring the Differences between Ultraviolet and Damp Heat Weathering of Photovoltaics Modules
Authors: Heidrich Robert , Babić Nikola , Lacroix‐Andrivet Oscar , Dutoit Charles‐Emmanuel , Bainier Camille , Mordvinkin Anton , Gottschalg Ralph , Vezin Hervé , Afonso Carlos , Pondaven Simon
Published: April 2024

The degradation behaviors of the encapsulant and the imbedded additives significantly determine the reliability of solar modules. Nevertheless, a link between the degradation of the encapsulant, including the additive interactions, and the longevity of the overall module is rarely established until now. Herein, mini‐modules containing ethylene‐vinyl acetate copolymer (EVA) as encapsulant are subject to damp heat (DH) or ultraviolet (UV) weathering based on IEC 61215. Macroscopically, the degradation under both weathering types characterized by I–V measurements and electroluminescence (EL) measurements is diverging in dependence on the used stressor. Using electron paramagnetic resonance and orbitrap mass spectrometry, it is shown that deacetylation of the EVA occurs significantly for both types of weathering. In the case of DH, however, the mechanism of action of the UV stabilizer is hindered, so that strong encapsulant degradation is observed despite a lower energy input in comparison with UV. Furthermore, the produced acetic acid under DH weathering leads to the observed reduction in EL, an increase in series resistance, and, a reduction of the performance of the modules. The work carried out shows that the degradation of the solar modules is strongly dependent on the behavior of the UV stabilizer.
Sheet Resistance Optimization in (Al)GaInP Solar Cells for Concentrator Quadruple–Junction Solar Cells
Authors: Klitzke Malte , Schygulla Patrick , Schön Jonas , Höhn Oliver , Siefer Gerald , Helmers Henning , Dimroth Frank , Lackner David
Published: April 2024

The reduction of the series resistance in multi‐junction solar cells is of high importance for attaining peak efficiencies in concentrator photovoltaics. This study showcases strategies to reduce the sheet resistance of the uppermost subcell of a direct wafer bonded four–junction devices, since it contributes significantly to the series resistance. Therefore, electron mobilities in n–type AlGaInP, lattice matched to GaAs, are investigated across bandgap energies between 1.9 and 2.1 eV and various doping concentrations. The sheet resistances for AlGaInP rear heterojunction cells are determined for the integration in a two terminal four‐junction solar cell. The rear heterojunction cell architecture effectively addresses the sheet resistance optimization because it features a thick n‐type doped absorption layer. The sheet resistance of our current world record quadruple‐junction solar cell with 47.6% efficiency under the 665‐fold concentrated AM1.5d spectrum is 550 Ω sq−1. Herein, it is shown that optimizing the n‐absorption layer in the 1.90 eV GaInP top cell can reduce the sheet resistance to 250 Ω sq−1 without deteriorating the short–circuit current density and current matching. This reduction corresponds to a 5 mΩ cm2 improvement in specific series resistance, which would elevate the efficiency of this device to 48.2%.
Plasma‐Based Technologies for Halide Perovskite Photovoltaics
Authors: Armenise Vincenza , Covella Sara , Fracassi Francesco , Colella Silvia , Listorti Andrea
Published: April 2024

Plasma‐based technologies are at the frontier of material processing for several applications, from packaging to agronomy to photovoltaics. These processes allow for a fine‐tuning of material properties by engineering deposition, interaction with the substrate, and final surface characteristics at the atomistic level. As metal halide perovskite (MHP) solar cells enter the path toward commercialization, plasma processing can be seen as a powerful material manipulation tool already settled within industrially relevant procedures. In this perspective, the impact that these methods can have on different aspects of perovskite solar cells technology is envisioned, focusing on the direct interaction between plasma and MHPs. The use of plasma processes is foreseen for the deposition or crystallization of MHPs films, for treating their surface, as well as for the creation of suitable coatings either on top of perovskite layer and/or as encapsulants of the whole solar converting devices.
Transport Property Evolution in 2H‐MoTe2−x Mediated by Te‐Deficiency‐Induced Mirror Twin Boundary Networks
Authors: Zhang Yinuo , Li Xueyan , Li Yuang , Wu Di , Miao Xuecen , Li Lan , Min Tai , Pan Yi
Published: April 2024

The 2H‐MoTe2 is a well‐known layered 2D semiconductor that is considered as a promising material for next‐generation microelectronic and optoelectronic devices. Te‐deficiency‐induced defective structures, like Te vacancy and mirror twin boundary (MTB), would be generated at elevated temperatures. However, the temperature‐dependent evolution of such defects and their influence on the macroscopic electrical transport property of 2H‐MoTe2 is unclear. Herein, the semiconductor–metal transition phenomenon in 2H‐MoTe2−x mediated by the evolving disordered MTB network with increasing Te deficiency is reported on. The samples are grown by molecular beam epitaxy, while the Te deficiency is tuned by post‐growth flash annealing in ultra‐high vacuum. Low‐temperature scanning tunneling microscope investigation discloses the medium‐range disorder evolution of the MTB network incorporated in the 2H‐MoTe2, which eventually transforms to an ordered metallic Mo5Te8 metastable phase. The scanning tunneling spectroscopy shows rich in‐gap states localized at the MTBs, which provide a conducting channel in the semiconductor. The ultra‐high vacuum in situ transport measurement shows a gradual decrease of resistance of the sample upon flash annealing from 50 to 480 °C, confirming the influence of Te deficiency on the transport property, which would play an essential role in the device performance and durability.
A Novel Asymmetric Interior Permanent Magnet Machine with Auxiliary Flux Barriers
Authors: Li Shihao , Di Chong , Bao Xiaohua
Published: April 2024

A novel asymmetric interior permanent magnet (AIPM) machine is proposed in this paper. The machine's rotor consists of asymmetric poles and auxiliary flux barriers. The torque ripple of the machine is weakened by the asymmetric design of the left and right sides of the magnetic poles. The magnetic‐field‐shifting (MFS) effect improves the electromagnetic torque after adding the auxiliary flux barrier to shift the magnetic axis. The influence of critical geometrical parameters on the electromagnetic performance of the machine is investigated under the condition that the stator and permanent magnet volume remain unchanged. The relevant geometrical parameters of the machine are optimized and designed through the improved Taguchi method. The performance of the AIPM machine and the conventional machine under no‐load and load conditions are further compared by simulation analysis with finite elements, verifying the increase in electromagnetic torque and the reduction in torque ripple. © 2024 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan and Wiley Periodicals LLC.
Potato protein hydrolysate inhibits RANKL‐induced osteoclast development by inhibiting osteoclastogenic genes via the NF‐κB/MAPKs signaling pathways
Authors: Chen Yi‐Ju , He Yen‐Hua , Lo Yun‐Hsin , Yang Hong‐Siang , Abomughaid Mosleh Mohammad , Kumar K. J. Senthil , Lin Wan‐Teng
Published: April 2024

In recent times, there has been growing attention towards exploring the nutritional and functional aspects of potato protein, along with its diverse applications. In the present study, we examined the anti‐osteoclast properties of potato protein hydrolysate (PP902) in vitro. Murine macrophages (RAW264.7) were differentiated into osteoclasts by receptor activator of nuclear factor‐κB ligand (RANKL), and PP902 was examined for its inhibitory effect. Initially, treatment with PP902 was found to significantly prevent RANKL‐induced morphological changes in macrophage cells, as determined by tartrate‐resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) staining analysis. This notion was further supported by F‐actin analysis using a confocal microscope. Furthermore, PP902 treatment effectively and dose‐dependently down‐regulated the expression of RANKL‐induced osteoclastogenic marker genes, including TRAP, CTR, RANK, NFATc1, OC‐STAMP, and c‐Fos. These inhibitory effects were associated with suppressing NF‐κB transcriptional activation and subsequent reduced nuclear translocation. The decrease in NF‐κB activity resulted from reduced activation of its upstream kinases, including I‐κBα and IKKα. Moreover, PP902 significantly inhibited RANKL‐induced p38MAPK and ERK1/2 activities. Nevertheless, PP902 treatment prevents RANKL‐induced intracellular reactive oxygen species generation via increased HO‐1 activity. The combined antioxidant and anti‐inflammatory effects of PP902 resulted in significant suppression of osteoclastogenesis, suggesting its potential as an adjuvant therapy for osteoclast‐related diseases.
Use of autologous pericardial patch graft for treatment of large congenital peritoneopericardial diaphragmatic hernia in two cats
Authors: Aguilar García Daniel , Jiménez Peláez Manuel
Published: April 2024

Peritoneopericardial diaphragmatic hernia is a congenital structural anomaly that results in a communication between the pericardial sac and the peritoneal cavity. About 50% of cats are asymptomatic at the time of diagnosis, and the remaining animals may show respiratory (dyspnoea, tachypnoea, exercise intolerance), gastrointestinal, cardiac tamponade or non‐specific clinical signs. Median celiotomy for herniorrhaphy without tension (primary closure, muscle flaps, synthetic mesh, pericardium) is the treatment of choice for symptomatic patients. Two cats were referred with respiratory signs, secondary to a peritoneopericardial diaphragmatic hernia. A pericardial patch graft was obtained and sutured to the diaphragm as an alternative technique to close the large defect and not cause excessive tension on the diaphragm and caval foramen. Patients recovered well without any complications after surgery. Re‐examination and thoracic radiographs at 1 week, 2 weeks, 3 months, 6 months and 3 years postoperatively showed no signs of recurrence and the patients remained asymptomatic.
Green New Deals in comparative perspective
Authors: Green Fergus
Published: April 2024

In February 2019, Representative Alexandria Ocasio‐Cortez and Senator Ed Markey introduced into the US Congress a non‐binding resolution for a Green New Deal, with the aim to catalyze policies and programs to rapidly decarbonize the US economy while achieving wider progressive economic, social and environmental goals. This motion sparked widespread interest, in and beyond the US, in the potential for more ambitious and solidaristic climate policy under the banner of a Green New Deal (GND). This Overview, after introducing the history of the GND concept and exploring its dimensions in theory, provides a snapshot of GNDs proposed (or adopted/enacted) by politicians, candidates for political office, political parties and governments around the world in the period 2019–2022. Drawing on theories of comparative politics and comparative political economy, the Overview illuminates key patterns in the prevalence and content of this set of GND proposals, as well as their ideological underpinnings and implicit “theories of change.” Specifically, it ventures that: GND policies are more commonly proposed in high‐income, industrialized democracies; variation in GNDs' prevalence and content are associated with varieties of capitalism and electoral institutions; GND policies are more commonly proposed by left‐of‐center parties and candidates; and GNDs are being proposed at all levels of government, but their content is shaped by constraints on government powers. On the basis of this analysis, the concluding section proposes a detailed research agenda on GNDs, with an emphasis on comparative research.

This article is categorized under:

The Carbon Economy and Climate Mitigation > Benefits of Mitigation

Policy and Governance > National Climate Change Policy

Policy and Governance > Multilevel and Transnational Climate Change Governance
Spatial analysis toolkits for RNA in situ sequencing
Authors: Chen Jiayu , Ke Rongqin
Published: April 2024

Spatial transcriptomics (ST) is featured by high‐throughput gene expression profiling within their native cell and tissue context, offering a means to investigate gene regulatory networks in tissue microenvironment. In situ sequencing (ISS) is an imaging‐based ST technology that simultaneously detects hundreds to thousands of genes at subcellular resolution. As a highly reproducible and robust technique, ISS has been widely adapted and undergone a series of technical iterations. As the interest in ISS‐based spatial transcriptomic analysis grows, scalable and integrated data analysis workflows are needed to facilitate the applications of ISS in different research fields. This review presents the state‐of‐the‐art bioinformatic toolkits for ISS data analysis, which covers the upstream and downstream analysis workflows, including image analysis, cell segmentation, clustering, functional enrichment, detection of spatially variable genes and cell clusters, spatial cell–cell interactions, and trajectory inference. To assist the community in choosing the right tools for their research, the application of each tool and its compatibility with ISS data are reviewed in detailed. Finally, future perspectives and challenges concerning how to integrate heterogeneous tools into a user‐friendly analysis pipeline are discussed.

This article is categorized under:

RNA Methods > RNA Analyses In Vitro and In Silico
Promoting the potabilization of drinking water at home using local materials as an alternative solution for combating waterborne diseases: Socioeconomic feasibility study in Dschang, West Cameroon
Authors: Pokam Djoko Godfroy Rostant , Ntangmo Tsafack Honorine , Wandji Kwekap Julie , Wamba Franck Robean , Foyet Juluis Visnel , Temgoua Emile
Published: April 2024

This study aimed to assess the socioeconomic feasibility of promoting locally produced water filters to promote their local production. It appears that 69.8% of participants did not know that water filters were produced locally and 92.3% were ready to buy them with efficiency as the main motivation (39.8%). In addition, being aged [46–60 years old] (OR = 19.17; IC = 3.13–37.81; p = 0.008), being female (OR = 1.67; IC = 1.02–2.77; p = 0.041), student/pupil (OR = 2.32; IC = 1.13–4.78; p = 0.021), employed in the private sector (OR = 3.68; IC = 1.32–11.16; p = 0.015), and civil servant (OR = 3.28; IC = 1.09–10.99; p = 0.041) significantly increased the odds of having ever used a water filter in their household. In addition, we found that 71.7% of participants had ever used an imported ceramic water filter in their households and the main reason given by these participants for abandoning or renewing these filters within their households was that they felt that they had already become old and inefficient. The valorization of locally manufactured filters could therefore constitute a logical alternative that can contribute to solving a certain number of socioeconomic and health problems in our country.
Orbital angular momentum small-x evolution: exact results in the large-Nc limit
Authors: Manley Brandon
Published: April 2024

Abstract

We construct an exact solution to the revised small-x orbital angular momentum (OAM) evolution equations derived in [1], based on an earlier work [2]. These equations are derived in the double logarithmic approximation (summing powers of αs ln2(1/x) with αs the strong coupling constant and x the Bjorken x variable) and the large-Nc limit, with Nc the number of quark colors. From our solution, we extract the small-x, large-Nc expressions of the quark and gluon OAM distributions. Additionally, we determine the large-Nc small-x asymptotics of the OAM distributions to be$$ {L}_{q+\overline{q}}\left(x,{Q}^2\right)\sim {L}_G\left(x,{Q}^2\right)\sim \Delta \Sigma \left(x,{Q}^2\right)\sim \Delta G\left(x,{Q}^2\right)\sim {\left(\frac{1}{x}\right)}^{\alpha_h}, $$

L

q
+

q
¯

x

Q
2

∼

L
G

x

Q
2

∼
ΔΣ

x

Q
2

∼
Δ
G

x

Q
2

∼

1
x

α
h

,

with the intercept αh the same as obtained in the small-x helicity evolution [3], which can be approximated as αh ≈ $$ 3.66074\sqrt{\frac{\alpha_s{N}_c}{2\pi }} $$
3.66074

α
s

N
c

2
π

. This result is in complete agreement with [4]. Additionally, we calculate the ratio of the quark and gluon OAM distributions to the flavor-singlet quark and gluon helicity parton distribution functions respectively in the small-x region.
The QCD axion sum rule
Authors: Gavela Belén , Quílez Pablo , Ramos Maria
Published: April 2024

Abstract

We demonstrate that the true QCD axion that solves the strong CP problem can be found in all generality outside the customary standard QCD band, with QCD being the sole source of Peccei-Quinn breaking. The essential reason is that the basis of axion-gluon interactions does not need to coincide with the mass basis. Specifically, we consider the case in which the QCD axion field is not the only singlet scalar in Nature but it mixes with other singlet scalars (besides the η′). We determine the exact mathematical condition for an arbitrary N-scalar potential to be Peccei-Quinn invariant. Such potentials provide extra sources of mass for the customary axion without enlarging the Standard Model gauge symmetry. The contribution to the axion mass stemming from the QCD topological susceptibility is shown to be shared then among the N axion eigenstates through a precise sum rule. Their location can only be displaced to the right of the standard QCD band. We demonstrate that the axion closest to this band can be displaced from it by a factor of $$ \sqrt{N} $$

N

at most, and this corresponds to the case in which all axion signals are maximally deviated. Conversely, if one axion is found on the standard QCD band, the other eigenstates will be out of experimental reach. Our results imply that any ALP experiment which finds a signal to the right of the standard QCD axion band can be solving the strong CP problem within QCD, with the associated N − 1 excitations to be found in an area of parameter space that we determine. We illustrate the results and phenomenology in some particular cases.
Kerr binary dynamics from minimal coupling and double copy
Authors: Alessio Francesco
Published: April 2024

Abstract

We construct a new Yang-Mills Lagrangian based on a notion of minimal coupling that incorporates classical spin effects. The construction relies on the introduction of a new covariant derivative, which we name “classical spin covariant derivative”, that is compatible with the three-point interaction of the $$ \sqrt{\textrm{Kerr}} $$

Kerr

solution with the gauge field. The resulting Lagrangian, besides the correct three-point coupling, predicts a unique choice for contact terms and therefore it can be used to compute higher-point amplitudes such as the Compton, unaffected by spurious poles. Using double copy techniques we use this theory to extract gravity amplitudes and observables that are relevant to describe Kerr binary dynamics to all orders in the spin. In particular, we compute the 2PM ($$ \mathcal{O} $$
O
($$ {G}_N^2 $$

G
N
2

)) 2 → 2 elastic scattering amplitude between two classically spinning objects to all orders in the spin and use it to extract the 2PM scattering angle.
Crossing beyond scattering amplitudes
Authors: Caron-Huot Simon , Giroux Mathieu , Hannesdottir Holmfridur S. , Mizera Sebastian
Published: April 2024

Abstract

We find that different asymptotic measurements in quantum field theory can be related to one another through new versions of crossing symmetry. Assuming analyticity, we conjecture generalized crossing relations for multi-particle processes and the corresponding paths of analytic continuation. We prove them to all multiplicity at tree-level in quantum field theory and string theory. We illustrate how to practically perform analytic continuations on loop-level examples using different methods, including unitarity cuts and differential equations. We study the extent to which anomalous thresholds away from the usual physical region can cause an analytic obstruction to crossing when massless particles are involved. In an appendix, we review and streamline historical proofs of four-particle crossing symmetry in gapped theories.
Evolution of parton distribution functions in the short-distance factorization scheme
Authors: Dutrieux Hervé , Karpie Joseph , Monahan Christopher , Orginos Kostas , Zafeiropoulos Savvas ,   on behalf of the HadStruc collaboration
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Lattice QCD offers the possibility of computing parton distributions from first principles, although not in the usual $$ \overline{MS} $$

MS
¯

factorization scheme. Calculations are therefore matched to $$ \overline{MS} $$

MS
¯

using a perturbative procedure which is the source of significant uncertainty within the currently accessible kinematics. We present the possibility of computing the z2 evolution of non-singlet pseudo-parton distribution functions within the short factorization scheme in a numerically improvable way. The goal is to have tools to evolve a calculation to a scale where perturbative uncertainties are less pronounced. We compare a numerical extraction of the evolution operator from lattice data to the computation of z2 dependence in perturbation theory. Finally, we discuss how this numerical work may be extended to address the two-scale problem that arises when the Ioffe time range must be made large to extend the reach of the calculation of the pseudo-PDF to smaller values of the momentum fraction.
Länger gesund im Beruf? Trends in den Lebensjahren frei von Herz-Kreislauf- und Muskel-Skelett-Erkrankungen in GKV-Daten für die Erwerbstätigen- und Allgemeinbevölkerung
Authors: Tetzlaff Juliane , Epping Jelena
Published: April 2024

Hintergrund

Unsere Studie fokussiert auf die Entwicklung der erkrankungsfreien Lebensjahre in Bezug auf 2 Erkrankungsgruppen mit hoher Public-Health-Relevanz: Muskel-Skelett- (MSE) und Herz-Kreislauf-Erkrankungen (HKE). Vor dem Hintergrund der steigenden Lebensarbeitszeit wird die Entwicklung der erkrankungsfreien Jahre der Bevölkerung im erwerbsfähigen Alter und der Erwerbstätigen verglichen und Unterschiede zwischen den Berufsgruppen beleuchtet.

Methoden

Die Studie basiert auf den Daten der AOK Niedersachsen (N = 2.001.225). Die Erkrankungsfälle werden anhand der Diagnosedaten ermittelt. Die erwarteten Jahre frei von MSE und HKE werden mit Multistate-Life-Table-Analysen für 3 Perioden zwischen 2006 und 2018 berechnet. Die Berufsgruppe wird über den Berufsschlüssel definiert und in 3 Gruppen unterteilt: 1) Un- und Angelernte, 2) Fachkräfte und Spezialisten, 3) Hochqualifizierte.

Ergebnisse

Die Lebensjahre frei von MSE nahmen in der Allgemeinbevölkerung und unter den Erwerbstätigen deutlich ab. Die stärkste Verringerung zeigte sich in der höherqualifizierten Berufsgruppe. Die Lebensjahre frei von HKE stiegen in der Allgemeinbevölkerung im Zeitverlauf. Die Zunahmen waren unter den Erwerbstätigen geringer, sie wurden nur bei Männern in un- und angelernter Tätigkeit verzeichnet.

Diskussion

Die Studie zeigt, dass sich die erkrankungsfreien Jahre unter den Erwerbstätigen teilweise schlechter als in der Allgemeinbevölkerung entwickelten. Für die untersuchten Erkrankungsgruppen MSE und HKE bestehen deutliche Ungleichheiten zwischen den Berufsgruppen, die sich im Zeitverlauf etwas verringerten. Die Ungleichheiten und die Abnahme der Jahre frei von MSE belegen die hohe Public-Health-Relevanz und den Bedarf an Präventionsmaßnahmen zur Vermeidung von HKE und MSE im erwerbsfähigen Alter.
BoostTrack: boosting the similarity measure and detection confidence for improved multiple object tracking
Authors: Stanojevic Vukasin D. , Todorovic Branimir T.
Published: April 2024

Handling unreliable detections and avoiding identity switches are crucial for the success of multiple object tracking (MOT). Ideally, MOT algorithm should use true positive detections only, work in real-time and produce no identity switches. To approach the described ideal solution, we present the BoostTrack, a simple yet effective tracing-by-detection MOT method that utilizes several lightweight plug and play additions to improve MOT performance. We design a detection-tracklet confidence score and use it to scale the similarity measure and implicitly favour high detection confidence and high tracklet confidence pairs in one-stage association. To reduce the ambiguity arising from using intersection over union (IoU), we propose a novel Mahalanobis distance and shape similarity additions to boost the overall similarity measure. To utilize low-detection score bounding boxes in one-stage association, we propose to boost the confidence scores of two groups of detections: the detections we assume to correspond to the existing tracked object, and the detections we assume to correspond to a previously undetected object. The proposed additions are orthogonal to the existing approaches, and we combine them with interpolation and camera motion compensation to achieve results comparable to the standard benchmark solutions while retaining real-time execution speed. When combined with appearance similarity, our method outperforms all standard benchmark solutions on MOT17 and MOT20 datasets. It ranks first among online methods in HOTA metric in the MOT Challenge on MOT17 and MOT20 test sets. We make our code available at https://github.com/vukasin-stanojevic/BoostTrack.
On the Continuity of the Projection Mapping from Strategic Measures to Occupation Measures in Absorbing Markov Decision Processes
Authors: Piunovskiy Alexey , Zhang Yi
Published: April 2024

In this paper, we prove the following assertion for an absorbing Markov decision process (MDP) with the given initial distribution, which is also assumed to be semi-continuous: the continuity of the projection mapping from the space of strategic measures to the space of occupation measures, both endowed with their weak topologies, is equivalent to the MDP model being uniformly absorbing. An example demonstrates, among other interesting scenarios, that for an absorbing (but not uniformly absorbing) semi-continuous MDP with the given initial distribution, the space of occupation measures can fail to be compact in the weak topology.
2D Smagorinsky-Type Large Eddy Models as Limits of Stochastic PDEs
Authors: Flandoli Franco , Luo Dejun , Luongo Eliseo
Published: April 2024

We prove that a version of Smagorinsky large eddy model for a 2D fluid in vorticity form is the scaling limit of suitable stochastic models for large scales, where the influence of small turbulent eddies is modeled by a transport-type noise.
The impact of vascular margin invasion on local recurrence after pancreatoduodenectomy in pancreatic adenocarcinoma
Authors: López Julio Cuesta , Ielpo Benedetto , Iglesias Mar , Pinilla Fernando Burdío , Sánchez-Velázquez Patricia
Published: April 2024

Purpose

Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PADC) still has nowadays a very impaired long-term survival. Most studies are focused on overall survival; however, local recurrence occurs about up to 50% of cases and seems to be highly related with margin resection status. We aim to analyze the impact of vascular resection margins on local recurrence (LR) and to assess its impact on overall and disease-free survival.

Methods

Eighty out of 191 patients who underwent pancreatoduodenectomy in a university hospital between 2006 and 2021 with PDAC diagnosis were analyzed and vascular margin status specifically addressed. Univariate and multivariate were performed. Time to LR was compared by using the Kaplan–Meier method and prognostic factors assessed using Cox regression hazards model.

Results

LR appeared in 10 (50%) of the overall R1 resections in the venous margin and 9 (60%) in the arterial one. Time to LR was significantly shorter when any margin was overall affected (23.2 vs 44.7 months, p = 0.01) and specifically in the arterial margin involvement (13.7 vs 32.1 months, p = 0.009). Overall R1 resections (HR 2.61, p = 0.013) and a positive arterial margin (HR 2.84, p = 0.012) were associated with local recurrence on univariate analysis, whereas arterial positive margin remained significant on multivariate analysis (HR 2.70, p = 0.031).

Conclusions

Arterial margin invasion is correlated in our cohort with local recurrence. Given the limited ability to modify this margin intraoperatively, preoperative therapies should be considered to improve local margin clearance.
Effect of an intravenous acetaminophen/ibuprofen fixed-dose combination on postoperative opioid consumption and pain after video-assisted thoracic surgery: a double-blind randomized controlled trial
Authors: Lee Ho-Jin , Choi Seungeun , Yoon Soohyuk , Yoon Susie , Bahk Jae-Hyon
Published: April 2024

Background

Video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS) often induces significant postoperative pain, potentially leading to chronic pain and decreased quality of life. This study aimed to evaluate the acetaminophen/ibuprofen combination effectiveness in reducing analgesic requirements and pain intensity in patients undergoing VATS.

Study design

This is a double-blinded randomized controlled trial.

Methods

Adult patients scheduled for elective VATS for lung resection were randomized to receive either intravenous acetaminophen and ibuprofen (intervention group) or 100 mL normal saline (control group). Treatments were administered post-anesthesia induction and every 6 h for three cycles. The primary outcome was total analgesic consumption at 24 h postoperatively. Secondary outcomes were cumulative analgesic consumption at 2 and 48 h; analgesic-related side effects at 2, 24, and 48 h; quality of recovery at 24 h and 48 h postoperatively; pain intensity at rest and during coughing; and rescue analgesics use. Chronic postsurgical pain (CPSP) was assessed through telephone interviews 3 months postoperatively.

Results

The study included 96 participants. The intervention group showed significantly lower analgesic consumption at 24 h and 48 h postoperatively (24 h: median difference: − 100 µg equivalent intravenous fentanyl [95% confidence interval (CI) − 200 to − 5 μg], P = 0.037; 48 h: median difference: − 140 μg [95% CI − 320 to − 20 μg], P = 0.035). Compared to the controls, the intervention group exhibited a significantly lower quality of recovery 24 h post-surgery, with no significant difference at 48 h. All pain scores except for coughing at 48 h post-surgery were significantly lower in the intervention group compared to the controls. No significant differences were observed between the groups in postoperative nausea and vomiting occurrence, hospital stay length, and CPSP.

Conclusion

Perioperative administration of acetaminophen/ibuprofen significantly decreased analgesic needs in patients undergoing VATS, providing an effective postoperative pain management strategy, and potentially minimizing the need for stronger analgesics.