bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Educational Outcomes Associated With School Behavioral Health Interventions: A Review of the Literature
Authors: Kase Courtney , Hoover Sharon , Boyd Gina , West Kristina D. , Dubenitz Joel , Trivedi Pamala A. , Peterson Hilary J. , Stein Bradley D.
Published: June 2017

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND

There is an unmet need for behavioral health support and services among children and adolescents, which school behavioral health has the potential to address. Existing reviews and meta‐analyses document the behavioral health benefits of school behavioral health programs and frameworks, but few summaries of the academic benefits of such programs exist. We provide exemplars of the academic benefits of school behavioral health programs and frameworks.

METHODS

A literature review identified school behavioral health‐related articles and reports. Articles for inclusion were restricted to those that were school‐based programs and frameworks in the United States that included an empirical evaluation of intervention academic‐related outcomes.

RESULTS

Findings from 36 primary research, review, and meta‐analysis articles from the past 17 years show the benefits of school behavioral health clinical interventions and targeted interventions on a range of academic outcomes for adolescents.

CONCLUSION

Our findings are consistent with reports documenting health benefits of school behavioral health frameworks and programs and can facilitate further efforts to support school behavioral health for a range of stakeholders interested in the benefits of school behavioral health programs and frameworks on academic outcomes.
Evaluation of Unintended Social and Economic Consequences of an Unplanned School Closure in Rural Illinois
Authors: Tsai Victoria , Khan Nomana M. , Shi Jianrong , Rainey Jeanette , Gao Hongjiang , Zheteyeva Yenlik
Published: June 2017

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND

School closure is one of the primary measures considered during severe influenza pandemics and other emergencies. However, prolonged school closures may cause unintended adverse consequences to schools, students, and their families. A better understanding of these consequences will inform prepandemic planning, and help public health and education authorities in making informed decisions when considering school closures.

METHODS

We conducted a household survey and interviewed school officials following an 8‐day long closure of a school district in rural Illinois. We described household responses regarding difficulties of school closure, and summarized main themes from school official interviews.

RESULTS

A total of 208 (27%) household surveys were completed and returned. This school closure caused difficulties to 36 (17%) households; uncertain duration of closure, childcare arrangements, and lost pay were the most often reported difficulties. Having 1 adult in the household losing pay and household income below $25,000 were significantly associated with overall difficulty during this school closure. Concern about student health and safety was the most frequent theme in school administrator interviews.

CONCLUSIONS

Whereas the majority of responding households did not report difficulties during this school closure, households with 1 adult losing pay during the closure reported incurring additional expenses for childcare.
Physical and sensory properties of gelatin from seabass (Lates calcarifer) as affected by agar and κ‐carrageenan
Authors: Sinthusamran Sittichoke , Benjakul Soottawat , Hemar Yacine
Published: June 2017

Physical and sensory properties of gelatin from skin and swim bladder of seabass (SK and SW, respectively) as affected by agar or κ‐carrageenan at 10 and 20% substitution were investigated. Hardness of both SK and SW gels containing agar increased with increasing level of agar. However, the addition of κ‐carrageenan lowered hardness of mixed gels. Springiness and cohesiveness of either SK or SW gels decreased as the level of both agar or κ‐carrageenan increased. Gelling and melting temperatures generally increased when the level of hydrocolloids was increased. The highest gelling (∼36C) and melting temperatures (∼43C) were obtained for SK added with 20% agar and 20% κ‐carrageenan, respectively. However, the addition of both hydrocolloids at 10% affected gel microstructure differently. Furthermore, the addition of agar at 10% could increase the likeness score of sensory properties of gelatin gel. Therefore, the addition of hydrocolloids with appropriate level could improve the texture and sensory properties of gelatin from seabass.

Practical applications

Due to the poor gelling property of fish gelatin, compared to its mammalian counterpart, improvement of this property using the selected hydrocolloids can be a promising means. In this work, it was found that agar or κ‐carrageenan can be incorporated to fish gelatin to improve gelling, textural and sensory properties of gelatin from skin of seabass (Lates calcarifer). Both agar and κ‐carrageenan could increase gelling and melting temperatures of seabass gelatin. The incorporation of hydrocolloids (agar and κ‐carrageenan) could also improve the quality of fish gelatin gel, which in turn can widen the applications of fish gelatin in the food and other industries.
Herbivory and trampling by small mammals modify soil properties and plant assemblages
Authors: Pascual Jesús , Alberti Juan , Daleo Pedro , Iribarne Oscar
Published: June 2017

Question

Do trampling and herbivory by small mammals affect salt marsh physical and biological properties?

Location

Upper salt marsh, Mar Chiquita coastal lagoon, Argentina.

Methods

A field experiment was placed from autumn to early summer in runways made by the wild Guinea pig, Cavia aperea. Segments of runways were randomly assigned to different treatments: control (herbivory and trampling), total exclusion (without herbivory or trampling) and reduced trampling (herbivory without trampling). After 8 months of experiment, soil hardness, runway depth, maximum plant height, above‐ground biomass, plant assemblages, diversity and richness were measured and compared between treatments.

Results

Runways of C. aperea covered 14.5% of the area. Through trampling, C. aperea compacted the soil, increasing soil hardness and runway depth. Herbivory, in turn, reduced above‐ground biomass and plant species richness, and affected species composition. Both herbivory and trampling decreased the maximum plant height.

Conclusion

Our results show how small herbivores, through trampling, are able to drive soil compaction, an effect previously described only for large mammals. Results also show that small mammals can control salt marsh primary production, reduce species richness and modify the composition of plant species through herbivory. Small mammal herbivores, thus, can modify physical and biological properties of salt marsh communities through both trophic and non‐trophic mechanisms.
Total Replacement of Dietary Fish Oil with a Blend of Vegetable Oils in the Marine Herbivorous Teleost, Siganus canaliculatus
Authors: Wang Shuqi , Liu Xuebing , Xu Shude , Wu Qingyang , You Cuihong , Monroig Óscar , Tocher Douglas R. , Li Yuanyou
Published: June 2017

To investigate the feasibility of total replacement of dietary fish oil (FO) with vegetable oils (VOs) and the optimal dietary polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) level in the marine herbivorous teleost Siganus canaliculatus, six isonitrogenous (32%) and isolipidic (8%) diets were formulated. Control diet used FO as lipid source, whereas diets VO1–VO5 contained various blends of palm, soybean, rapeseed, and linseed oils, in which the dietary PUFA levels were 42.0, 38.2, 33.8, 29.9, and 27.1%, respectively. After S. canaliculatus juveniles were fed with the diets for 9 wk, their growth performance exhibited no significant difference among the dietary groups. The tissue fatty acid (FA) profiles in liver and fillet generally reflected the dietary FA compositions and showed no significant difference among the VO dietary groups. The results suggest that dietary FO can be replaced completely by VO, without affecting their growth performance. Concerning the effects of the dietary FA profile on the survival rate, hepatosomatic index and viscerosomatic index, and PUFA composition in fillets, diets VO1 and VO2 were more favorable compared with diets VO3–VO5. Considering the availability and cost of the VOs, diet VO2 was recommended for practical use in S. canaliculatus.
New intermediate‐stage subclassification for patients with hepatocellular carcinoma treated with transarterial chemoembolization
Authors: Kim Jin Hyoung , Shim Ju Hyun , Lee Han Chu , Sung Kyu‐Bo , Ko Heung‐Kyu , Ko Gi‐young , Gwon Dong Il , Kim Jong Woo , Lim Young‐Suk , Park Seong Ho
Published: June 2017

Background & Aim

The need for a subclassification of Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer (BCLC) intermediate‐stage (BCLC B) has arisen because of its diversity. We evaluated the prognostic capability of the BCLC B subclassification proposed by Bolondi et al. in patients treated with transarterial chemoembolization (TACE). Furthermore, we introduce a new subclassification for intermediate‐stage hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) by using a new parameter related to tumour burden (up‐to‐11 criteria).

Methods

Of 3268 patients treated with TACE as first‐line treatment, 821 patients with intermediate‐stage HCC were included in this study.

Results

According to the Bolondi subclassification, 208 (25.3%), 529 (64.5%), 43 (5.2%) and 41 (5%) patients were in B1, B2, B3 and B4 respectively. The B1, B2 and B3 subclasses in the Bolondi system showed significantly different survival between contiguous stages with median survival of 51.5, 26 and 14.8 months, respectively (both P<.001 for B1 vs B2 and B2 vs B3); however, survival was rather worse in B3 than B4 (14.8 vs 25 months, P=.025). According to the newly proposed subclassification, 410 (50%), 364 (44.3%) and 47 (5.7%) patients were in B1, B2 and B3 respectively. The median survival progressively decreased from B1 (44.8 months) to B2 (21.5 months) and B3 (11.3 months), with a significant difference between contiguous stages (both P<.001 for B1 vs B2 and B2 vs B3).

Conclusions

Our new BCLC B substaging system, with up‐to‐11 criteria and Child‐Pugh class as main parameters, has excellent discriminatory power to subclassify TACE‐treated patients into three prognostic substages.
NAFLD in clinical practice: Can simple blood and anthropometric markers be used to detect change in liver fat measured by 1H‐MRS?
Authors: Keating Shelley E. , Parker Helen M. , Hickman Ingrid J. , Gomersall Sjaan R. , Wallen Matthew P. , Coombes Jeff S. , Macdonald Graeme A. , George Jacob , Johnson Nathan A.
Published: June 2017

Background & Aims

Research in NAFLD management is commonly based on quantitative assessment of liver fat by proton‐magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H‐MRS), and translation of this into clinical practice is currently limited by availability and expense. Novel steatosis biomarkers have been proposed for the prediction of liver fatness; however, whether these are suitable for detecting changes in liver fat is unknown. We aimed to determine the accuracy of these indices, and waist circumference (WC), in quantifying longitudinal change in 1H‐MRS‐quantified liver fat.

Methods

We performed a secondary analysis using data from 97 overweight/obese adults (age: 39.7±11.5 years, body mass index: 30.7±4.4 kg/m2, liver fat: 6.0±4.8%, 65% male) who completed either an 8‐week exercise or 12‐week nutraceutical intervention, with varying degrees of change in liver fat. Baseline and post‐intervention measures were liver fat (1H‐MRS), NAFLD Liver Fat Score, Liver Fat Equation (LFE), Fatty Liver Index (FLI), Hepatic Steatosis Index (HSI), the Visceral Adiposity Index (VAI) and WC.

Results

Only the change in HSI, FLI and WC was associated with change in liver fat; however, correlations were weak to moderate. There was no agreement between the LFE and 1H‐MRS for detecting liver fat change. Only change in WC significantly affected change in liver fat (P<.001), and WC AUROC for the presence of steatosis was 0.65 and 0.78 for men and women respectively.

Conclusions

Novel indices are limited in their ability to detect longitudinal change in liver fat. Waist circumference may offer modest utility as a surrogate to infer liver fat change with lifestyle interventions.
Non‐invasive tests for liver disease severity and the hepatocellular carcinoma risk in chronic hepatitis B patients with low‐level viremia
Authors: Paik Namyoung , Sinn Dong H. , Lee Ji H. , Oh In S. , Kim Jung H. , Kang Wonseok , Gwak Geum‐Youn , Paik Yong‐Han , Choi Moon S. , Lee Joon H. , Koh Kwang C. , Paik Seung W.
Published: June 2017

Background & Aims

We tested whether non‐invasive tests for liver disease severity can stratify hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) risk in chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV)‐infected patients showing low‐level viremia (LLV, HBV DNA <2000 IU/mL).

Methods

A retrospective cohort of 1006 chronic hepatitis B patients showing persistently LLV, defined by at least two consecutive assessments in the year before enrolment, was assessed for HCC development. Two non‐invasive serum biomarkers, the aspartate aminotransferase to platelet ratio index (APRI) and the Fibrosis‐4 (FIB‐4), were tested. Cirrhosis was defined with ultrasonography.

Results

During a median 5.1 years of follow‐up, HCC developed in 36 patients. HCC incidence rate at 5 years was significantly higher for cirrhotic patients (19/139, 13.7%), but was not null for non‐cirrhotic patients (17/867, 2.0%, P<.001). APRI at a cut‐off of 0.5 was more specific but less sensitive for HCC development, and FIB‐4 at a cut‐off of 1.45 was more sensitive but less specific. When both APRI and FIB‐4 were used to group patients, the 5‐year cumulative HCC incidence rate was 13.9%, 1.4% and 1.2% for both high, any high, and both low APRI and FIB‐4 score among all patients (n=1006, P<.001), respectively, and was 11.4%, 1.5% and 0.4% in the same respective order among non‐cirrhotic patients (n=867, P<.001).

Conclusions

The combined use of two non‐invasive serum biomarkers (APRI and FIB‐4) could stratify HCC risk for chronic HBV‐infected patients with LLV.
Dacite formation on Vesta: Partial melting of the eucritic crust
Authors: Hahn Timothy M. , Lunning Nicole G. , McSween Harry Y. , Bodnar Robert J. , Taylor Lawrence A.
Published: June 2017

The Dominion Range 2010 howardite pairing group contains an evolved lithic clast of dacite composition. The dacite contains an assemblage of plagioclase, quartz, and augite, with minor pigeonite, troilite, ilmenite, FeNi metal, K‐feldspar, and phosphates. Primary augite occurs as >1 mm oikocrysts enclosing plagioclase. Quartz is abundant, comprising approximately 30% of the clast. Textural and geochemical characteristics support the hypothesis that the dacite is a primary igneous lithology, and represents a partial melt of the eucritic crust. Numerical modeling (MELTS) suggests 10–20% partial melting of a Juvinas source could have produced the dacite lithology; quantitative trace element modeling further supports crustal partial melting as the magma source for the dacite. The dacite likely formed as evolved‐melt pockets, and thus represents a volumetrically minor lithology in the Vestan crust, although its formation provides direct support for a genetic relationship between Stannern and residual trend eucrites, and is the first identification of residual eucrite complementary melts. We propose the dacite clast is the first characterized sample of tertiary crust on Vesta.
Instrumentalisation of the health system: An examination of the impact on nursing practice and patient autonomy
Authors: Molina‐Mula Jesús , Peter Elizabeth , Gallo‐Estrada Julia , Perelló‐Campaner Catalina
Published: June 2017

Most current management systems of healthcare institutions correspond to a model of market ethics with its demands of competitiveness. This approach has been called managerialism and is couched in terms of much‐needed efficiencies and effective management of budgetary constraints. The aim of this study was to analyse the decision‐making of nurses through the impact of health institution management models on clinical practice. Based on Foucault's ethical theory, a qualitative study was conducted through a discourse analysis of the nursing records in a hospital unit. The results revealed that the health institution standardises health care practice, which has an impact on professional and patient autonomy as it pertains to decision‐making. The results of this research indicate that resistance strategies in the internal structures of health organisations can replace the normalisation and instrumentalisation of professional practice aimed at promoting patient self‐determination.
Secretory diarrhea and hypokalemia associated with colonic pseudo‐obstruction: A case study and systematic analysis of the literature
Authors: Bazerbachi F. , Haffar S. , Szarka L. A. , Wang Z. , Prokop L. J. , Murad M. H. , Camilleri M.
Published: June 2017

Background

Colonic pseudo‐obstruction (CPO) is characterized by colonic distention in the absence of mechanical obstruction or toxic megacolon. Concomitant secretory diarrhea (SD) with hypokalemia (SD‐CPO) due to gastrointestinal (GI) loss requires further characterization.

Aim

To perform a systematic review of SD‐CPO, report a case study, and compare SD‐CPO with classical CPO (C‐CPO).

Methods

We performed a search of MEDLINE, EMBASE, Cochrane, and Scopus for reports based on a priori criteria for CPO, SD and GI loss of potassium. An additional case at Mayo Clinic was included.

Results

Nine publications met inclusion criteria, with a total of 14 cases. Six studies had high, three moderate, and our case high methodological quality. Median age was 74 years (66‐97), with 2:1 male/female ratio. Kidney disease was present in 6/14 patients. Diarrhea was described as profuse, watery, or viscous in 10 patients. Median serum, stool, and urine potassium concentrations (mmol/L) were 2.4 (range: 1.9‐3.1), 137 (100‐180), and 17 (8‐40), respectively. Maximal diameter of colon and cecum (median) were 10.2 cm and 10.5 cm, respectively. Conservative therapy alone was effective in five out of 14 patients. Median potassium supplementation was 124 mEq/d (40‐300). Colonic decompression was effective in three out of six patients; one had a total colectomy; three out of 14 had died. The main differences between SD‐CPO and C‐CPO were lower responses to treatments: conservative measures (35.7% vs 73.6%, P=.01), neostigmine (17% vs 89.2%, P<.001), and colonic decompression (50% vs 82.4%, P=.02).

Conclusion

SD‐CPO is a rare phenotype associated with increased fecal potassium and is more difficult to treat than C‐CPO.
A nomogram for predicting the risk of neck node metastasis in pathologically node‐negative oral cavity carcinoma
Authors: Sawant SS , Dongre H , Ahire C , Sharma S , Kannan S , Mahadik S , Chaukar D , Lukmani F , Patil A , D'Cruz A , Vaidya MM , Dongre P
Published: June 2017

Objective

To generate a nomogram for predicting the risk of neck node metastasis in pathologically node‐negative patients using a combination of variables comprising of protein expression, ultrastructural alterations and clinicopathological parameters.

Materials and Methods

Surgically removed oral tumours (n = 103) were analysed for the expression of desmosomal and hemidesmosomal assembly proteins by immunohistochemistry and ultrastructural alterations by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Protein expression, ultrastructural alterations and clinicopathological variables were used to construct nomogram from the training set in 75 patients. Clinical utility of the nomogram was validated in a discrete set of 28 patients.

Results

Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed on the training set, and obtained significant variables comprising of integrin β4 expression (p = .027), number of hemidesmosomes (p = .027)/desmosomes (p = .046), tumour differentiation grade (p = .033) and tumour thickness (p = .024) were used for construction of the nomogram. The area under the curve was calculated for both training 0.821 (95% CI 0.725‐0.918) and validation sets 0.880 (95% CI 0.743‐1.000). The nomogram demonstrated a predictive accuracy of 73.3% and 78.6% with the sensitivity of 81.4% and 83.3% in the training and validation sets, respectively.

Conclusions

The nomogram constructed on postsurgical tumour samples will be a value addition to histopathology for the detection of neck node metastasis in pathologically node‐negative patients.
Effects of habitat loss on the plant–flower visitor network structure of a dune community
Authors: Traveset Anna , Castro‐Urgal Rocío , Rotllàn‐Puig Xavier , Lázaro Amparo
Published: June 2017

Pollination is a valuable ecosystem service, and plant–pollinator interactions in particular are known to play a crucial role in conservation and ecosystem functioning. These mutualisms, like other ecological interactions, are currently threatened by different drivers of global change, mainly habitat loss, fragmentation, or modification of its quality. Most studies so far have focused on the impact of such disturbances on particular species interactions and we thus need more empirical evidence on the responses at a community‐level. Here we evaluated how habitat loss influenced the pattern of interactions between plants and their flower visitors in a coastal dune marshland community. Using data from four years (2008–2011), we assessed the effect of a large disturbance in the area (occurring in 2010) that represented the loss of more than 50% of the vegetation cover. We found a considerable decrease in species richness and abundance of flower visitors, which resulted in a lower number of interactions after the disturbance. Not all functional groups, however, responded similarly. Contrary to the expected from previous findings, bees and wasps were less negatively influenced than beetles, flies and ants, possibly due to their higher movement capacity. Species interactions in the community were more specialized after habitat loss, resulting in a lower level of network nestedness and a higher modularity. At a species level, the number of flower visitors per plant decreased after the disturbance, and plants were visited by less abundant flower visitors. Our findings lead us to predict that the overall plant–flower visitor network became less robust and resilient to future perturbations. However, the fact that each functional group responds distinctly to disturbances makes it more difficult to foresee the final consequences on community composition and ecosystem functioning.
Combating terrorism by constraining charities? Charity and counter‐terrorism legislation before and after 9/11
Authors: Bolleyer Nicole , Gauja Anika
Published: June 2017

How does counter‐terrorism legislation – enacted in democratic states – impact upon charities, intentionally or unintentionally? To address this question, we present a new analytical framework that allows us to compare, across established democracies, how charity legislation and counter‐terrorism legislation are connected, enabling us to assess how charities’ legal environments have changed since 9/11. Comparing legislation across six long‐lived democracies (theUK,US, Australia, New Zealand, Canada and Ireland), we distinguish between three types of legislative connection: overlap, direct intersection and indirect intersection. These categories differ in terms of the visibility of the connection established between the two areas of law. As high‐profile reform exercises, both overlap and direct intersections have been predominantly introduced post‐9/11. But it is through indirect intersections that intensified post‐9/11 which are most vague and difficult to manoeuvre, that the day‐to‐day activities of charities are most likely to be affected, with important empirical and normative repercussions.
Context matters: A Bayesian analysis of how organizational environments shape the strategic management of sustainable development
Authors: Deslatte Aaron , Swann William L.
Published: June 2017

Public administration scholars have argued the need for a ‘general theory’ linking strategic management to the context in which public organizations operate. Understanding the interplay between organizational contexts and strategic management responses to urban sprawl and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions remains an underexplored avenue for empirical advancement of this goal. Using 2015 survey data, we employ a novel Bayesian item response theory (IRT) approach to test how land use policy comprehensiveness, organizational capacities, leadership turnover, and environmental complexities affect the strategic management of smart growth policy in local governments. We find that public organizations harness political, administrative, and community capacities in varied combinations to better achieve their policy objectives, but these influences may not be complementary. Also, policy comprehensiveness generally relates to more strategic activity, while municipal executive turnover offers opportunities and threats to some smart growth strategies. Implications of this research are discussed.
A new scyphozoan from the Cambrian Fortunian Stage of South China
Authors: Liu Yunhuan , Shao Tiequan , Zhang Huaqiao , Wang Qi , Zhang Yanan , Chen Cheng , Liang Yongchun , Xue Jiaqi
Published: June 2017

Animals with radial symmetry are abundant in the Cambrian Fortunian Stage of South China, but with relatively low diversity: representatives include Olivooides, Quadrapyrgites, carinachitiids, hexangulaconulariids and Pseudooides. Here, we report a new radial animal, Qinscyphus necopinus gen. et sp. nov., from the Fortunian small shelly fauna of southern Shaanxi Province, South China. Qinscyphus necopinus has a cup‐shaped profile, with slightly raised annuli and five groups of triangular thickenings in pentaradial symmetry. This organism has a comparable morphology to, and thus a close affinity with, Olivooides and Quadrapyrgites, and is interpreted as a coronate scyphozoan. This discovery adds a new crown‐group cnidarian to the Cambrian Explosion.
Resiniferatoxin modulates the Th1 immune response and protects the host during intestinal nematode infection
Authors: Muñoz‐Carrillo J. L. , Contreras‐Cordero J. F. , Muñoz‐López J. L. , Maldonado‐Tapia C. H. , Muñoz‐Escobedo J. J. , Moreno‐García M. A.
Published: June 2017

In the early stage of the intestinal phase of Trichinella spiralis infection, the host triggers a Th1‐type immune response with the aim of eliminating the parasite. However, this response damages the host which favours the survival of the parasite. In the search for novel pharmacological strategies that inhibit the Th1 immune response and assist the host against T. spiralis infection, a recent study showed that resiniferatoxin had anti‐inflammatory activity contributed to the host in T. spiralis infection. In this study, we evaluated whether RTX modulates the host immune response through the inhibition of Th1 cytokines in the intestinal phase. In addition, it was determined whether the treatment with RTX affects the infectivity of T. spiralis‐L1 and the development of the T. spiralis life cycle. Our results show that RTX decreased serum levels of IL‐12, INF‐γ, IL‐1β, TNF‐α and parasite burden on muscle tissue. It was observed that T. spiralis‐L1 treated with RTX decreased their infectivity affecting the development of the T. spiralis life cycle in mouse. These results demonstrate that RTX is able to inhibit the production of Th1 cytokines, contributing to the defence against T. spiralis, which places it as a potential drug modulator of the immune response.
The two faces of avoidance: Time‐frequency correlates of motivational disposition in blood phobia
Authors: Mennella Rocco , Sarlo Michela , Messerotti Benvenuti Simone , Buodo Giulia , Mento Giovanni , Palomba Daniela
Published: June 2017

Contrary to other phobias, individuals with blood phobia do not show a clear‐cut withdrawal disposition from the feared stimulus. The study of response inhibition provides insights into reduced action disposition in blood phobia. Twenty individuals with and 20 without blood phobia completed an emotional go/no‐go task including phobia‐related pictures, as well as phobia‐unrelated unpleasant, neutral, and pleasant stimuli. Behavioral results did not indicate a phobia‐specific reduced action disposition in the phobic group. Time‐frequency decomposition of event‐related EEG data showed a reduction of right prefrontal activity, as indexed by an increase in alpha power (200 ms), for no‐go mutilation trials in the phobic group but not in controls. Moreover, theta power (300 ms) increased specifically for phobia‐related pictures in individuals with, but not without, blood phobia, irrespective of go or no‐go trial types. Passive avoidance of phobia‐related stimuli subtended by the increased alpha in the right prefrontal cortex, associated with increased emotional salience indexed by theta synchronization, represents a possible neurophysiological correlate of the conflicting motivational response in blood phobia. Through the novel use of time‐frequency decomposition in an emotional go/no‐go task, the present study contributed to clarifying the neurophysiological correlates of the overlapping motivational tendencies in blood phobia.
Evidence for an attentional component of inhibition of return in visual search
Authors: Pierce Allison M. , Crouse Monique D. , Green Jessica J.
Published: June 2017

Inhibition of return (IOR) is typically described as an inhibitory bias against returning attention to a recently attended location as a means of promoting efficient visual search. Most studies examining IOR, however, either do not use visual search paradigms or do not effectively isolate attentional processes, making it difficult to conclusively link IOR to a bias in attention. Here, we recorded ERPs during a simple visual search task designed to isolate the attentional component of IOR to examine whether an inhibitory bias of attention is observed and, if so, how it influences visual search behavior. Across successive visual search displays, we found evidence of both a broad, hemisphere‐wide inhibitory bias of attention along with a focal, target location‐specific facilitation. When the target appeared in the same visual hemifield in successive searches, responses were slower and the N2pc component was reduced, reflecting a bias of attention away from the previously attended side of space. When the target occurred at the same location in successive searches, responses were facilitated and the P1 component was enhanced, likely reflecting spatial priming of the target. These two effects are combined in the response times, leading to a reduction in the IOR effect for repeated target locations. Using ERPs, however, these two opposing effects can be isolated in time, demonstrating that the inhibitory biasing of attention still occurs even when response‐time slowing is ameliorated by spatial priming.
Service innovation in times of economic crisis: the strategic adaptation activities of the topE.U.service firms
Authors: Martin‐Rios Carlos , Pasamar Susana
Published: June 2017

This article examines the long‐term strategic adaptation activities top service firms use to respond to economic crisis. Based on a longitudinal dataset of 97 leading European service firms, it empirically conceptualizes three clusters or strategic types of organizational response to overcome long‐term financial strain experienced during 2008–2011, it tests the survivability of their strategic orientation and it assesses their relationship with organizational performance during the crisis (2008–2011) and in the post‐crisis period (2014–2016). Leading E.U. service firms that attempt to maximize adaptation by ‘Commitment‐to‐expansion’ (i.e., increase in R&D investment, strategic M&A and recruitment) ensure the long‐term survivability of their strategic orientation and generate growth in their operating profits, sales and market capitalization in contrast to service firms that implement cost‐oriented actions (layoffs and cutting back on R&D investment). These results extend the limited knowledge available on strategic adaptation in top E.U. service firms and provide insight into the role that different responses play in fostering recovery from ongoing economic and financial crisis, which have thus far remained empirically under‐researched.
Bovine thyroglobulin gene polymorphisms and their association with sexual precocity in Guzerat bulls
Authors: Fernández ME , Loaiza Echeverri AM , Henry M , Drummond M , Andrade de Oliveira DA , Demyda Peyrás S , Cunha Cardoso D , Giovambattista G , Liron JP
Published: June 2017

Contents

Puberty is a stage of sexual development determined by the interaction of environmental factors and genetic mechanisms. Among them, thyroid function plays a key role in sexual development and spermatogenic function and is under the control of several genes, including the well‐described thyroglobulin gene (TG). Previous reports have shown genetic association between thyroid function and selected single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in taurine cattle. Therefore, the identification of genetic mechanisms involved in the regulation of this trait can assist with the selection for early pubertal bulls, thus improving genetic progress in livestock breeding. The aim of this study was to validate the association between TG SNPs and age at puberty in zebuine bulls. Three SNPs (rs110406764, rs109662686, rs109057985) were genotyped in 159 Guzerat animals using SEQUENOM technology. Results showed a significant association (p < .05) between the studied SNPs and puberty age, in agreement with our previous reports in a taurine breed. Interestingly, allele frequencies were different from those already reported, being GAT the most favourable allele for age at puberty in Guzerat (94.4 days lower). Overall, our findings corroborate previous reports and reinforce the importance of genetic influence in the regulation of sexual development and puberty through a thyroid pathway in zebuine cattle.
Restoring hardwood trees to lake riparian areas using three planting treatments
Authors: Haskell Daniel E. , Bales Alex L. , Webster Christopher R. , Meyer Michael W. , Flaspohler David J.
Published: June 2017

Lake riparian areas provide wildlife habitat for a wide variety of species. Residential development throughout such lakeshore areas of the United States has increased exponentially in recent decades. Awareness of the vulnerability and importance of lakeshore ecosystems has increased concurrently. Lakeshore habitat restoration projects have been implemented to mitigate some of the negative impacts of human shoreline development, and containerized (CT) trees are frequently one of the highest costs associated with such restoration projects. As an alternative, we tested the effectiveness of using dormant bare‐root (BR) trees in restoration projects along two lakeshores in northern Wisconsin,U.S.A. In addition, we experimented usingBRstock that was incorporated into gravel medium at a local nursery and planted later in the summer months. We monitored growth and survival of four native tree species in these three planting treatments over a 3–4‐year period. CT red maple (Acer rubra), paper birch (Betula paperifera), and northern red oak (Quercus rubra) increased in size significantly faster thanBRand/or gravel culture (GC) counterparts, whereasCTshowy mountain ash (Sorbus decora) growth rates were similar to those ofBRandGCstock. Mortality was generally low, but for those species/planting treatments with higher mortality (paper birch and red oak),CTtrees were more likely to survive thanBRorGCtrees. Our results show that the success of deciduousBRand/orGCtree stock relative toCTtrees is species dependent, and for some species,CTtrees' higher growth rates and survivorship could offset their higher costs.
The Unintended Consequences of Flexicurity: The Health Consequences of Flexible Employment
Authors: Bender Keith A. , Theodossiou Ioannis
Published: June 2017

While atypical employment contracts offer flexibility in the labor market, these kinds of contracts are inherently insecure and may generate stress among affected workers. This study examines the impact of atypical forms of employment (specifically seasonal or temporary jobs or a fixed time contracts) on workers' health. Survival analysis shows that, other things equal, the longer percent of time spent in flexible employment contracts increases the odds of falling into ill health for a variety of health conditions. The results are robust to controlling for the endogeneity in the relationship.
Interplay of volume, blood pressure, organ ischemia, residual renal function, and diet: certainties and uncertainties with dialytic management
Authors: Ok Ercan , Levin Nathan W. , Asci Gulay , Chazot Charles , Toz Huseyin , Ozkahya Mehmet
Published: June 2017

Extracellular fluid volume overload and its inevitable consequence, hypertension, increases cardiovascular mortality in the long term by leading to left ventricular hypertrophy, heart failure, and ischemic heart disease in dialysis patients. Unlike antihypertensive medications, a strict volume control strategy provides optimal blood pressure control without need for antihypertensive drugs. However, utilization of this strategy has remained limited because of several factors, including the absence of a gold standard method to assess volume status, difficulties in reducing extracellular fluid volume, and safety concerns associated with reduction of extracellular volume. These include intradialytic hypotension; ischemia of heart, brain, and gut; loss of residual renal function; and vascular access thrombosis. Comprehensibly, physicians are hesitant to follow strict volume control policy because of these safety concerns. Current data, however, suggest that a high ultrafiltration rate rather than the reduction in excess volume is related to these complications. Restriction of dietary salt intake, increased frequency, and/or duration of hemodialysis sessions or addition of temporary extra sessions during the process of gradually reducing postdialysis body weight in conventional hemodialysis and discontinuation of antihypertensive medications may prevent these complications. We believe that even if an unwanted effect occurs while gradually reaching euvolemia, this is likely to be counterbalanced by favorable cardiovascular outcomes such as regression of left ventricular hypertrophy, prevention of heart failure, and, ultimately, cardiovascular mortality as a result of the eventual achievement of normal extracellular fluid volume and blood pressure over the long term.
Characteristics of inner reading voices
Authors: Vilhauer Ruvanee P.
Published: June 2017

This study examined the phenomenological characteristics of inner speech during silent reading (inner reading voices or IRVs), a type of inner speech that may be particularly amenable to empirical study. A survey was conducted in the general population to assess IRV frequency, location, number, identity, and controllability, and auditory qualities of IRVs. Of 570 survey respondents, 80.7% reported sometimes or always hearing an inner voice during silent reading, and the remaining 19.3% reported always understanding words being read without hearing an inner voice. Results indicated that IRVs are a routine experience for many, with 34.2% of respondents with IRVs hearing an IRV every time something was read, and 45% reporting an IRV often. Most respondents reported IRVs with specific auditory qualities such as gender, accent, pitch, loudness, and emotional tone. IRVs were reported in participants' own voices, as well as in the voices of other people. Some respondents reported being unable to control any aspect of their IRVs, while others could control one or several aspects. These results indicate that there is considerable individual variation in inner speech during silent reading.
Ordered Regressions
Authors: Rosen Sophia , Davidov Ori
Published: June 2017

There are often situations where two or more regression functions are ordered over a range of covariate values. In this paper, we develop efficient constrained estimation and testing procedures for such models. Specifically, necessary and sufficient conditions for ordering generalized linear regressions are given and shown to unify previous results obtained for simple linear regression, for polynomial regression and in the analysis of covariance models. We show that estimating the parameters of ordered linear regressions requires either quadratic programming or semi‐infinite programming, depending on the shape of the covariate space. A distance‐type test for order is proposed. Simulations demonstrate that the proposed methodology improves the mean square error and power compared with the usual, unconstrained, estimation and testing procedures. Improvements are often substantial. The methodology is extended to order generalized linear models where convex semi‐infinite programming plays a role. The methodology is motivated by, and applied to, a hearing loss study.
After the exodus: Exploring migrant attitudes to documentation, brokerage and employment following the 2014 mass withdrawal of Cambodian workers from Thailand
Authors: Lawreniuk Sabina , Parsons Laurie
Published: June 2017

This paper uses the exodus of Cambodian migrant workers from Thailand in June 2014 as a focal point around which to explore Cambodian migrant attitudes towards the systems of documentation and brokerage that influence their movement. From the perspective of Cambodian returnees and their families, it builds on recent work exploring narratives of brokerage by demonstrating how documentation itself — and by extension the legality of migration — is viewed through a contextual lens. Specifically, it argues that documentation is not only viewed according to the formal regulatory framework governing migration between the two countries, but forms part of a more complex structure of influences in which norms of employment and brokerage are equally prominent. From this position, the paper suggests that migrants did not only respond directly to threats of a crackdown by authorities following the 2014 coup, but were additionally influenced by the actions of employers and brokers, whose guarantees of protection — or otherwise — were seen as vitally important in their migration decisions.
The Longitudinal Association of Being Bullied and Gender with Suicide Ideations, Self‐Harm, and Suicide Attempts from Adolescence to Young Adulthood: A Cohort Study
Authors: Sigurdson Johannes Foss , Undheim Anne Mari , Wallander Jan Lance , Lydersen Stian , Sund Anne Mari
Published: June 2017

Longitudinal associations between being bullied during adolescence and suicide ideations, self‐harm, and suicide attempts into young adulthood were examined. A large representative sample was examined in 1998 (N = 2,464, MA 13.7), 1999/2000, and 2012 to reassess the outcome measures. At all ages, bullied participants showed more suicide ideation, self‐harm, and suicide attempts, regardless of gender. Bullied females showed a decrease in suicide ideation from adolescence to adulthood, while bullied males showed an increase in suicide attempts in the same time period. Being bullied in adolescence strongly predicts suicidal behavior and self‐harm. Preventive efforts might reduce the risk of later suicidality.
Examining the effects of rational emotive behavior therapy on performance outcomes in elite paralympic athletes
Authors: Wood A. G. , Barker J. B. , Turner M. J. , Sheffield D.
Published: June 2017

Traditionally a psychotherapeutic intervention, rational emotive behavior therapy (REBT) is receiving increasing attention within the extant literature as an intervention to enhance the athletic performance and psychological well‐being of competitive athletes. Whilst the benefits of REBT on psychological health are established, less is understood about the effects on athletic performance. This study aimed to examine the immediate and maintained effects of REBT on physiological, psychological, and performance outcomes with elite Paralympic athletes. Using a single‐case research design, eight athletes recruited from the same Paralympic sport (M=40.12, SD=12.99) received five, one‐to‐one REBT sessions. Measures of irrational beliefs were collected weekly, whereas the remaining psychological and physiological measures were collected at a pre‐, post‐, and at a 9‐month follow‐up time point. Visual and statistical analyzes of the data indicates reductions in irrational beliefs were coupled with reductions in systolic blood pressure indicative of an adaptive physiological response, improved athletic performance during competition simulations, and reductions in avoidance goals. Furthermore, social validation data indicated greater self‐awareness, emotional control, and enhanced focus during competition as a result of the REBT intervention. This study contributes to growing literature supporting the efficacy of REBT as an intervention that not only facilitates psychological health but also enhances athletic performance. Results are discussed with reference to theory, limitations, and future recommendations.
Evolution and human motivation: A fundamental motives framework
Authors: Schaller Mark , Kenrick Douglas T. , Neel Rebecca , Neuberg Steven L.
Published: June 2017

An evolutionary perspective on human motivation provides a means of identifying conceptually distinct motivational systems (including motives pertaining to self‐protection, disease avoidance, affiliation, status, mate acquisition, mate retention, and parental care), each of which has unique implications for affect, cognition, and behavior. We provide an illustrative summary of some of these empirically documented implications—including those pertaining to individual differences in chronic motivational tendencies, as well as additional implications that follow from temporary activation of these motivational systems. We also summarize a variety of broader implications—both conceptual and practical—that follow from this framework.
Intergroup emotions and gateway groups: Introducing multiple social identities into the study of emotions in conflict
Authors: Levy Aharon , van Zomeren Martijn , Saguy Tamar , Halperin Eran
Published: June 2017

After 2 decades of extensive empirical studies on affective intergroup processes, it is now clear that emotional processes play a critical role in the dynamics of intergroup conflict. However, it seems that much of the research in this domain views intergroup relations in a dichotomous manner of pure in‐groups and out‐groups despite the developments in the realm of social identity that suggest otherwise. We here suggest that the incorporation of more complex social identity models into the study of affective social science can not only help to better understand intergroup conflict dynamics but can also offer new possible venues for conflict resolution. Specifically, we claim that the presence of groups with multiple identities, which include both the in‐group's and the out‐group's identity (e.g., biracial groups that encompass both a White and a Black social identity) can impact intergroup emotional processes between the different groups comprising those multiple identities (e.g., between Whites and Blacks). Accordingly, we review recent developments in the literatures of emotion in intergroup conflict and multiple social identity and offer a conceptual integration of the two. Thus, we attempt to enrich the theory in both fields, better explain intergroup conflict, and possibly pave the way for the development of novel conflict resolution methods.