bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Emergency Department Stress Radiographs of Lateral Compression Type-1 Pelvic Ring Injuries Are Safe, Effective, and Reliable
Authors: DeKeyser Graham J. , Kellam Patrick J. , Haller Justin M. , Higgins Thomas F. , Marchand Lucas S. , Rothberg David L.
Published: December 2021

Background:

Occult instability of lateral compression type-1 (LC1) pelvic ring injuries may be determined with a fluoroscopic stress examination under anesthesia (EUA) performed in the operating room. We hypothesized that LC1 injuries, similar to some fractures of the extremities, could be radiographically stressed for stability in the emergency department (ED). Our primary objective was to determine if stress examination of LC1 fractures could be safely and accurately performed in the ED and could be tolerated by patients.

Methods:

A prospective, consecutive series of 70 patients with minimally displaced LC1 pelvic injuries (<10-mm displacement on presentation) underwent stress examinations performed by the on-call orthopaedic resident in the ED radiology suite. The stress examination series included static 40° inlet, internal rotation stress inlet, and external rotation stress inlet views. Pelvic fractures that had positive stress results (≥10 mm of overlap of the rami) were indicated for a surgical procedure. These fractures also underwent EUA in order for the 2 techniques to be compared.

Results:

All patients tolerated the ED stress examination without general anesthetic or hemodynamic instability. Fifty-seven patients (81%) had negative stress results and were allowed to bear weight. All patients with negative stress results who had 3-month follow-up went on to radiographic union without substantial displacement. For the patients with a positive stress result in the ED, the mean displacement was 15.15 mm (95% confidence interval [CI], 10.8 to 19.4 mm) for the ED stress test and 15.60 mm (95% CI, 11.7 to 19.4 mm) for the EUA (p = 0.86). Two patients with a negative ED stress test did not mobilize during their hospitalization and underwent EUA and conversion to a surgical procedure. Thus, a total of 11 patients underwent both stress testing in the ED and EUA; no patient had a positive result on one test but a negative result on the other.

Conclusions:

ED stress examination of LC1 injuries is a safe and reliable method to determine pelvic ring stability. The displacement measured in the ED stress examination is similar to the displacement measured under general anesthesia. Furthermore, a negative ED stress examination predicts successful nonoperative treatment. Given the results of this study, we encourage the use of stress examination in the ED for LC1-type injuries involving complete sacral fractures only. Widescale adoption of this streamlined protocol may substantially diminish cost, anesthetic risk, and potential operations for patients.

Level of Evidence:

Diagnostic Level II. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
One-Way Self-Expanding Rod in Neuromuscular Scoliosis
Authors: Gaume M. , Hajj R. , Khouri N. , Johnson M.B. , Miladi L.
Published: December 2021

Background:

Fusionless techniques for the treatment of neuromuscular early-onset scoliosis (EOS) are increasingly used to preserve spinal and thoracic growth and to postpone posterior spinal fusion (PSF). These techniques have greatly improved thanks to magnetically controlled growing rods, which allow the avoidance of repeated surgery. However, the surgery-related complication rate remains high. The objective of the current study was to report the preliminary outcomes of 21 patients with neuromuscular EOS who were treated with a 1-way self-expanding rod (OWSER). This device was designed to avoid repeated surgery and preserve spinal and thoracic growth thanks to its free rod sliding.

Methods:

Patients with neuromuscular EOS who underwent OWSER fixation were prospectively reviewed; follow-up was a minimum of 3 years. The instrumentation relies on a bipolar construct from T1 to the sacrum, with proximal fixation by double thoracic hook-claws and distal fixation by iliosacral screws. The device comprises a rod with a notched part sliding in 1 direction inside a domino. Changes in Cobb angle, pelvic obliquity, thoracic kyphosis, lumbar lordosis, T1-S1 and T1-T12 length, space available for the lung, and chest width were assessed. Complications were reviewed.

Results:

The mean age at surgery was 10.5 years. The mean follow-up was 3.9 years. The mean pelvic obliquity improved from 20° preoperatively to 8° postoperatively and to 6° at the latest follow-up. The mean Cobb angle improved from 66° preoperatively to 38° postoperatively and to 32° at the latest follow-up. The mean preoperative kyphosis was reduced from 41° to 26° at the latest follow-up (p = 0.14). The mean lordosis was 34° preoperatively and 38° at the latest follow-up. The mean growth per month was 0.8 mm for the T1-T12 segment and 1.5 mm for T1-S1. The global complication rate was 38% (2 surgical site infections, 3 cases of lack of rod expansion, 1 case of pyelonephritis, and 2 central venous catheter-related infections). No PSF had been performed at the latest follow-up.

Conclusions:

Use of the OWSER with a minimally invasive bipolar technique for neuromuscular EOS provided satisfactory correction of spinal and pelvic deformities at 3 years of follow-up. A longer follow-up is required.

Level of Evidence:

Therapeutic Level IV. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
Portrayal by Inappropriate Interaction
Authors: Isager Christine , Moestrup Steffen
Published: December 2021

A close reading of three different profiles of Danish-Palestinian poet Yahya Hassan (1995-2020) showcases how interactions between journalists and subjects may become a mutual performative challenge and how, on such occasions, the personas of both parties may serve as a multi-layered journalistic resource in both an ethical and aesthetic sense. Applying the concept of “rhetorical maneuvers” (Phillips 2006) to describe reporters’ uses of an understated ‘first-person minor’ versus a demonstratively responsive ‘first-person major’ perspective (Phillips 2019), we highlight a principle that may reorient interview situations that are tense or out of control. The principle entails continuous shifts of subject form that are potentially inappropriate but enable both contextual transparency and a distinct textual structure or narrative style. By considering the mutual constitution and reconstitution of personas as rhetorical maneuvering we hope first to expand the analytical perspective of persona studies at the level of form while also, secondly, motivating journalists to explore the relational and interactive aspects of persona performances as a resource for occasional, productive disruption of their professional practice.
ONLINE PROBLEM-BASED LEARNING (PBL) DURING CORONAVIRUS PANDEMIC: TRIAL AT THE LIBYAN INTERNATIONAL MEDICAL UNIVERSITY
Authors:   Al Fawyhat - Kairawan Street, Benghazi, Libya., M. Elmansoury Abdulla , A. El-Naas Nuha ,   Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences Libyan International Medical University (LIMU) / Benghazi - Libya Online Problem-Based Learning ( PBL ) During Coronavirus Pandemic: Trial at the Libyan International Medical University., Elkawafi Mohamed ,   Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences Libyan International Medical University (LIMU) / Benghazi - Libya Online Problem-Based Learning ( PBL ) During Coronavirus Pandemic: Trial at the Libyan International Medical University., Kushan Atya ,   Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences Libyan International Medical University (LIMU) / Benghazi - Libya Online Problem-Based Learning ( PBL ) During Coronavirus Pandemic: Trial at the Libyan International Medical University., Arfan Sara ,   Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences Libyan International Medical University (LIMU) / Benghazi - Libya Online Problem-Based Learning ( PBL ) During Coronavirus Pandemic: Trial at the Libyan International Medical University.
Published: December 2021

Problem-based learning (PBL) is a modern strategy used in many higher education institutions. The coronavirus pandemic in 2020 urged universities and other educational institutions around the world to close, leading to the shift to online learning as an alternative in order to overcome delays in the education process. The Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences (BMS) at the Libyan International Medical University (LIMU) has adopted the PBL method as a key element in its teaching strategy. The Faculty started a trial for online PBL sessions during the lockdown period to evaluate the student experience at BMS. Here, we used a binary questionnaire where responses of 293 students were anonymously collected. Overall, there was a positive response of about 76%. Each of the questionnaire elements scored at least 73% which reflects general satisfaction with the online PBL experience. However, there seemed to be considerable variation in the responses of the different year groups. First year students reported the highest overall positive response on the experience whereas third year students were overall less satisfied. In addition, this variation in responses was more pronounced when students were asked about the organisation of the session and problems with internet connectivity. This may be due to the fact that the more senior year groups were interviewed first and there was a continuous adjustment of the online PBL strategy throughout the time for this trial. Our study also showed that among the different online PBL aspects surveyed in the questionnaire, the clarity of instructions was the most important element determining the effectiveness of online PBL. Overall, this questionnaire shows that online PBL can be a decent alternative to traditional PBL during crises.
SGLT 2 INHIBITORS: NEWER PARADIGMS IN THE TREATMENT OF HEART FAILURE WITH REDUCED EJECTION FRACTION
Authors: Alvi Shaista
Published: December 2021

Heart Failure is a growing concern now a days. Many drugs are available for the treatment of heart failure but still there is increasing prevalence of heart failure. SGLT 2 inhibitors were initially developed for diabetes mellitus but they are found to be effective for Heart Failure with reduced ejection also. Many large scale randomized controlled trials also confirmed this and now they are recommended in the treatment of heart failure with reduced ejection fraction.
RADIOLOGICAL TESTS VERSUS PATHOLOGICAL DIAGNOSTICS: COMPLIMENTARY OR ANTAGONISTIC RELATIONSHIP- AN INSTITUTIONAL EXPERIENCE
Authors: Sahu Indira , Ruhela Suman , Verma Laghuta
Published: December 2021

Aims & Objective: To determine the yield, reliability and diagnostic accuracy of Breast Imaging Reporting and Data System in evaluation of breast lesions taking histopathology as gold standard. Material and Methods: This cross-sectional, analytical study was conducted at Pathology dept. Of SMSMC Jaipur from June 2019 to June 2020. The data of the core needle biopsies of breast lesions received at the Pathology department which had been also categorized on mammogram, according to the Breast Imaging Reporting and Data System (BI-RADS), were selected for the study. All clinical parameters, the site of the biopsy, the radiological findings, the pathological diagnoses were studied. The concordance between the radiological and pathological results was studied . According to BI-RADS, categories II and III were classified as benign and BI-RADs IV and V as malignant. The breast core biopsies were classified as benign and malignant, according to the diagnosis. Results: A total of 115 patients were included in the study. BI-RADS system for reporting whencompared with histopathology had sensitivity of 93.55%, specificity 68.18%, positive predictive value92.55%, negative predictive value 71.43% and diagnostic accuracy 88.70%. Conclusion: The findings of this study report a high diagnostic accuracy of BI-RADS in the diagnosis ofbreast carcinoma.
USING PERCOLATIVE CRYSTALLINE 0.3 CUO/PVDF NANOCOMPOSITE GATE DIELECTRIC FOR FABRICATING HIGH-EFFECT MOBILITY THIN FILM TRANSISTOR OPERATING AT LOW VOLTAGE
Authors:   Department of Physics, Bhairab Ganguly College, Kolkata-56, India., Bhadra Debabrata
Published: December 2021

Thin-film transistor (TFT) with various layers of crystalline Poly-vinylidene fluoride (PVDF)/CuO percolative nanocomposites based on Anthracene as a gate dielectric insulator have been fabricated. A device with excellent electrical characteristics at low operating voltages (<1V) has been designed. Different layers (L) of the film were also prepared to achieve the best optimization of ideal gate insulator with various static dielectric constants (Îµr). Capacitance density, leakage current at 1V gate voltage and electrical characteristics of OFETs with a single and multi layer films have been investigated. This device was showed highest field effect mobility of 2.27 cm2/Vs, a threshold voltage of -1.6V, an exceptionally low sub threshold slope of 380 mV/decade and an on/off ratio of 106. Such a High-Îµ three layered (3L) PVDF/CuO gate dielectric appears to be highly promising candidates for organic non-volatile memory, sensor and field-effect transistors (FETs).
OVARIAN VEIN SYNDROME: A CASE REPORT
Authors:   Department of Urology, CaddiAyyad University of Marrakech, Ibn Sina Military Hospital, Marrakesh, MAR., Benazzouz Abderrazak , Karmouch Yassine ,   Department of Urology, CaddiAyyad University of Marrakech, Ibn Sina Military Hospital, Marrakesh, MAR., Hajji Fouad ,   Department of Urology, CaddiAyyad University of Marrakech, Ibn Sina Military Hospital, Marrakesh, MAR., Zaini Rachid ,   Department of Urology, CaddiAyyad University of Marrakech, Ibn Sina Military Hospital, Marrakesh, MAR., Ghoundale Omar ,   Department of Urology, CaddiAyyad University of Marrakech, Ibn Sina Military Hospital, Marrakesh, MAR.
Published: December 2021

The ovarian Vein Syndrome was first reported in 1964, yet its existence as a true pathophysiological entity remains controversial. It may present as an acute ora chronic disease, typically affecting young, multiparous women. We present in this article a 32-year-old patient with chronic renal colic, ultrasound and CT urography showing an extrinsic compression of the right lumbar ureter by the ovarian vein, a ligation, anda resection of the ovarian vein were performed by transperitoneal laparoscopy.
Análisis de la inclusión de contenidos TIC contextualizados en Escuelas Taller dirigidas a la formación laboral de adultos
Authors: Rial Costa Manuel , Sánchez Oropeza Gregorio
Published: December 2021

En los años ochenta, del pasado siglo, se puso en marcha una concepción educativa dual en España, las Escuelas Taller. Esta se dirigió a un público con unos requisitos especiales: parados de larga duración con problemas de inclusión laboral en sus respectivas especialidades, unido a su carencia educativa.

Veinte años después de haberlas puesto en marcha, se incorporó al currículo de las mismas el módulo de Alfabetización Digital, cuyo fin era acercar al alumnado a las TIC y a su aplicación en la familia profesional sobre la que se desempeñó la acción formativa.

Este estudio, analiza los contenidos recogidos en el currículo del módulo de Alfabetización Digital de la Escuela Taller de Cambados-Pontevedra (ESPAÑA) “Caminos Jacobeos” y ”Cambados Medioambiental”, su contextualizados a la formación del alumnado al que va dirigido, el cual ha sufrido, en los últimos años, una serie de crisis económicas que han provocado la aparición de brechas socioeconómicas.

Los resultados, reflejan las inquietudes del alumnado en materia TIC, la adquisición de habilidades y competencias contextualizadas en su formación, y las exigencias de nuevos módulos de formación requeridos y no contemplados en su currículo, pero que la sociedad en la que van a dirigir sus actuaciones les demandan.
Percepciones del profesorado en formación sobre el desarrollo del pensamiento computacional desde el Modelo 5PC
Authors: Serrano José Luis , Ortuño Gema
Published: December 2021

El pensamiento computacional utiliza procesos cognitivos para formular problemas y soluciones que puedan ser automatizadas y procesadas por un agente de pensamiento. Su definición, evaluación y cómo enseñarlo, son aspectos frágilmente desarrollados desde la investigación educativa. El objetivo de esta investigación es proporcionar pautas pedagógicas que permitan diseñar acciones formativas para el desarrollo del pensamiento computacional del profesorado. En este estudio exploratorio participaron 63 docentes en formación. Las evidencias obtenidas con el uso de un cuestionario y un grupo de discusión nos indican que las actividades sin tecnología y la programación de robots son estrategias eficientes para el desarrollo del pensamiento computacional. La creatividad, la resolución de problemas, la cooperación y la comunicación, son las habilidades periféricas que se pueden activar en mayor medida. Además, presentamos un modelo de formación del profesorado en pensamiento computacional que incluye los siguientes pasos secuenciales a seguir: metodología “aprender pensando”, diseñar problemas reales, realizar actividades desenchufadas, programar robots y exponer los recursos creados.
Aprendizaje-Servicio para acercar la robótica educativa a las personas con parálisis cerebral y promover las competencias docentes
Authors: Gamito Gomez Rakel , Hermoso Larzabal Eider , Leon Hernandez Irati , Bilbao Antia Lander
Published: December 2021

La robótica educativa puede ser una alternativa de experimentación con grandes beneficios para la estimulación de las personas con parálisis cerebral, pero en pocas ocasiones tienen acceso a espacios de interacción basados en tecnología. En ese sentido, el Aprendizaje-Servicio (ApS) brinda la oportunidad de llevar a cabo propuestas inclusivas que, a su vez, favorecen el desarrollo docente. Por ello, este estudio busca ofrecer y valorar un proyecto ApS basado en robótica educativa y dirigido a personas con parálisis cerebral y, también, analizar los aprendizajes adquiridos durante el proceso.

En total han participado 30 personas de ASPACE Álava (18 usuarias y 12 voluntarias) y un alumno universitario del Grado de Educación Primaria. La información se ha recogido en notas de campo, fotografías y un diario y se ha analizado mediante un sistema categorial.

El trabajo ha permitido recoger en detalle el diseño de una sesión de robótica educativa adaptada para personas con parálisis cerebral. La experiencia se ha valorado positivamente, resultando ser atractiva, motivadora, emocionante y enriquecedora. El proceso ha permitido el desarrollo de competencias académicas, personales y sociales, mostrando el valor del ApS en la formación inicial docente.
Digitalización, compromiso y resiliencia. Proyecto de aprendizaje -servicio con futuros docentes
Authors: Dans Álvarez de Sotomayor Isabel , Varela Portela Cristina
Published: December 2021

La transformación social derivada de las exigencias de la sociedad del conocimiento pasa por entender la tecnología como un elemento fundamental. La educación no puede mantenerse ajena a esta realidad, la formación del profesorado debe encargarse de capacitar docentes preparados para este nuevo panorama. Para ello, hemos llevado a cabo un proyecto centrado en el aprendizaje-servicio, en donde, el alumnado del Grado en Maestro/a de Educación Primaria responde a la necesidad derivada del uso de las tecnologías en el contexto educativo y las consecuencias que esto ha tenido con respecto a alumnado en situación de vulnerabilidad social. La experiencia, enmarcada en la materia “Diseño, desarrollo e innovación curricular”, ha ayudado a los futuros maestros y maestras a adquirir los contenidos curriculares a través de una metodología experiencial. Tras analizar los resultados del Proyecto apoyándonos en la categorización y codificación con el programa Atlas.ti 9, se observa la necesidad de poner énfasis en la competencia digital y las competencias personales, especialmente el compromiso y la resiliencia, como piezas clave de la formación docente.
La formación en competencias digitales de los futuros docentes: una experiencia de Aprendizaje-Servicio en la universidad
Authors: Lázaro-Cantabrana José Luis , Sanromà Giménez M´ònica , Molero Aranda Tania , Sanz Benito Iván
Published: December 2021

La formación mediante una estrategia de Aprendizaje-Servicio (ApS) de los futuros docentes se presenta como una oportunidad de promover aprendizajes competenciales y con compromiso social. En la Universitat Rovira i Virgili, durante 7 cursos académicos, se ha implementado una estrategia de ApS para formar a los futuros profesores en competencia digital docente. En este tiempo han participado estudiantes universitarios, maestros en ejercicio y profesores de universidad vinculando las actividades a 2 asignaturas, una del doble grado de Educación Infantil y Primaria y otra del grado de Pedagogía. A lo largo de este tiempo, se ha ofrecido respuesta o servicio a más de 200 propuestas que han sido formuladas por los centros escolares. A través de estas, se han establecido grupos de trabajo entre estudiantes y maestros con la finalidad de elaborar materiales educativos digitales personalizados de forma colaborativa. La estrategia ha ofrecido buenos resultados, tanto en la formación en competencias de los estudiantes como en la valoración realizada de la misma por todos los agentes implicados.
La formación en Aprendizaje Servicio Solidario ante el reto de los escenarios virtuales de aprendizaje en Educación Superior
Authors: Gómez-Gómez Marta , Gómez-Jarabo Inmaculada , Sánchez Alba Bienvenida
Published: December 2021

La Educación Superior apuesta por desarrollar competencias desde una dimensión social a través del Aprendizaje Servicio Solidario (ApS). Desde un trabajo colaborativo entre universidades, este estudio piloto forma en ApS al alumnado de los Grados en Educación Infantil y Educación Social (n=66) de la Universidad Complutense de Madrid. La formación en modalidad híbrida aprovechó los actuales escenarios virtuales y pretendió conocer su percepción sobre esta modalidad y los beneficios del ApS en su desarrollo. La metodología mixta  y el cuestionario, diseñado ad hoc y validado por expertos, permitieron realizar un estudio descriptivo y relacional a través de la prueba exacta de Fisher Se concluye que el grado y el género no influyen en las variables estudiadas, obteniéndose, generalmente, resultados similares. La modalidad híbrida fue bien acogida, consideran el ApS muy aplicable al contexto socio-comunitario, favoreciendo la posibilidad de desarrollar, en este orden, competencias personales, profesionales y académicas, especialmente, su dimensión social, reclamando más formación y experiencias ApS. El estudio aporta un caso de éxito de formación en ApS, fácilmente transferible, a través de escenarios virtuales y sesiones teórico-prácticas. Esto contribuye a incrementar investigaciones sobre la necesaria formación a futuros maestros y educadores en metodologías con proyección social.
El alineamiento constructivo de un curso online de aprendizaje-servicio
Authors: Bezerra Joana , Paphitis Sharli
Published: December 2021

Service-learning is gaining traction worldwide, including South Africa. This pedagogy requires a different approach to teaching and learning and few resources are available to provide such support. A course for lecturers that either already teach a service-learning course or are interested in doing so, would address this need, but, as with any other course, its constructive alignment is key. Online courses reach more people, but also add another layer of complexity. The aim of this paper is to discuss the constructive alignment of an online community-based service-learning course and to provide a roadmap for other institutions to develop such courses. A community-based service-learning course that brings together the critical elements of how to develop such  course and, is revised using a curriculum alignment lens, offers a more critical and relevant experience, for the lecturers, which will lead to more critical and sound service-learning courses for the students.
Editorial del número especial: El Aprendizaje-Servicio en el Entorno de las Tecnologías Digitales
Authors: Paz Lourido Berta , De Benito Bárbara
Published: December 2021

El Aprendizaje-Servicio es un enfoque pedagógico, una metodología docente experiencial y una estrategia de compromiso solidario con la comunidad que permite al alumnado trabajar en necesidades reales del entorno con la finalidad de mejorarlo. La tecnología digital se ha incorporado en el Aprendizaje-Servicio mediando en los proyectos, facilitando su desarrollo y dando soporte a los procesos. Pero, además, dota de nuevos significados aquello que pensábamos relegado al espacio presencial y local, haciendo necesarios nuevos enfoques o marcos que integren las distintas aproximaciones al conocido comúnmente como Aprendizaje-Servicio virtual.

En este número especial contamos con trece artículos que abarcan diferentes tipos de estudios, tanto teóricos como aplicados. Se incluyen proyectos de Aprendizaje-Servicio que hacen uso de redes sociales, de aplicaciones digitales y otras tecnologías de la comunicación que han sido desarrollados en distintos niveles educativos desde la educación infantil hasta la universidad. El servicio ha sido realizado en ámbitos diversos como la educación inclusiva o la salud, entre otros. Los trabajos recogidos contribuyen a incrementar el conocimiento, mejorar la formación, facilitar la transferencia y promover la institucionalización del Aprendizaje-Servicio y son un buen reflejo del creciente interés que sobre el Aprendizaje-Servicio existe en entornos tecnológicos.
Building water resilience into strategy: The Cape Town drought
Authors: Kaiser Gisela
Published: December 2021

The Cape Town drought captured the world's attention at the beginning of 2018 with the announcement of Day Zero: the day that Cape Town's taps would run dry. In the eye of the storm a host of factors contributed to the panic, and rapidly falling dam levels. Politics was exceptionally conflictual, interaction between spheres of government responsible for various aspects of water supply far from perfect, with public perception and media frenzy driving a focus on matters which played a very small part in the effort not to run out of water. During this time, Cape Town was building a water strategy, specifically aimed at making Cape Town more resilient against future droughts by addressing all possible factors contributing to the drought crisis. With dams close to overflowing in 2020, the next challenge is to ensure that the strategy is implemented according to plan.
Transforming a water company to improve service levels and resilience: Lessons from Sierra Leone
Authors: Day St John , Jain Nitin , Menjor Tom , Penge Maada K
Published: December 2021

All water companies need to be able to provide safe, adequate and reliable water supplies to their customers and consumers. Yet some work under very daunting conditions. The civil war in Sierra Leone resulted in the destruction of much water supply infrastructure. It also had a devastating impact on the performance of water companies. Since the war ended in 2002 other changes continue, such as: population growth, unplanned urbanisation, environmental destruction and climate change, plus the Ebola outbreak. These pressures all have a massive impact on the natural environment and on demands for water. It is against this background that Guma Valley Water Company is trying to rebuild water infrastructure and strengthen utility arrangements for providing a reliable and affordable service on which people depend. This article describes ongoing efforts to improve water supply in Freetown. The case study highlights the multi-faceted nature of resilience building and the processes that must be undertaken if water companies are to become resilient. Long-term technical and financial support is required, however, programmes should be realistic in their expectations.
Mobilising the public to reduce household water use in Essex and Suffolk Water
Authors: Ajia Fatima O. , Wagstaff Tim , Sharp Liz
Published: December 2021

The south-eastern region of the UK is facing water scarcity due to population growth and insufficient rainfall to meet household water demand. One of the regulatory requirements for water utilities is customer engagement to increase water efficiency. This chapter aims to identify key barriers to delivering engagement activities promoting household water efficiency and opportunities for improving practices in Essex & Suffolk Water (ESW) – a UK water utility operating in areas of serious water stress. A reflection is made on the water utility's Every Drop Counts (EDC) home visit campaign, an annual household water efficiency initiative, with particular focus on insights from its face-to-face delivery during Asset Management Plan 6 (AMP6, 2015−2020). The pilot of the EDC campaign's virtual initiative comprising of 66 virtual home visits is examined, with focus on drawing out lessons learned as Asset Management Plan 7 (AMP7, 2020−2025) begins during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic.

Whilst the virtual home visit campaign was found to reach a broader customer base, save financial and environmental costs, and address the season and place constraints typically posed by the face-to-face campaign, fewer water saving devices were installed per property (4.4) compared to the face-to-face campaign (6.4), and calculating measured water savings was impossible due to customers failing to take water meter readings independently during the COVID-19 lockdown. Face-to-face home visits should therefore not mean an end to virtual home visits and vice versa, but rather serve as a twin-track strategy for delivering the campaign.

Key strategies that emerged as improving face-to-face home visits in ESW include increasing the use of customer insight; varying the frame for water efficiency communications; improving the face-to-face engagement strategy; enhancing knowledge training; and creating feedback mechanisms between water efficiency managers and plumbers on the frontline. To better maximise virtual home visits, it is recommended that the behavioural change aspect of water efficiency education is delivered as a key and complementary aspect of appointments, and customers are better supported to self-install a wider range of water saving devices.

This chapter bridges the gap between water management theory and practice by providing a better understanding of how practitioners are putting concepts into action on the ground and by so doing, contributes to building a learning culture in the global water sector.
Can and should refugees and communities that host them expect better performing and resilient water supply services?
Authors: Schweitzer Ryan , Day St John , Njoroge David Githiri , Forster Tim
Published: December 2021

During the acute phase of an emergency the priority for humanitarian agencies is to rapidly establish water supply and other basic services (e.g. sanitation, hygiene, and solid waste) for people affected by disaster or crisis. However, the immediate response to an emergency is relatively short in duration, while the services, particularly water supply, often need to meet the needs of affected populations for many years. Often crises are protracted in nature and it is therefore important to understand how service performance evolves and whether service users are satisfied with the level of water supply. This is an important consideration because long-term sustainability may not represent an important part of initial thinking by humanitarian agencies. The United Nations High Commission for Refugees estimates the average time spent by a refugee in a camp is 10 years, while the average refugee camp remains for 26 years. Two questions arise: first, how will humanitarian agencies ensure emergency water supplies reach the desired performance levels; second, how will local institutions be able to manage, modify and finance the services that camp or settlement dwellers and host communities will depend upon. In this chapter the authors explore experiences from two country case studies and monitoring data extracted from ongoing humanitarian crises. The main conclusions are: service level enhancements are often slow to materialise and widespread efforts are required to raise performance levels.
Solar-powered water systems for vulnerable rural communities: Alleviating water scarcity in Iraq
Authors: Al-khateeb Mohammed , Alkhateeb Ali
Published: December 2021

Deteriorating water quality and decreasing water quantity are causing a water crisis in Iraq. The crisis is having a profoundly negative impact on people's livelihoods and on the economy. In the most water-stressed areas, vulnerable people have had to move from rural areas where water is scarce to urban areas, placing additional pressure on the water supply.

To mitigate the impact of water scarcity on the most vulnerable people in rural areas, the United Nations Children's Fund has worked in partnership with the Iraqi Water Authorities on a programme to increase access to more resilient water services in some highly vulnerable rural and conflict affected areas of Iraq where water services are unreliable. One major contributing factor to the problem of access to water was the unreliability of the electrical supply, particularly in the summer months. The programme identified that an alternative to grid electrical power was needed to achieve a more reliable source of energy for water provision.

The programme installed solar-powered water systems in two vulnerable districts in northern Iraq: Shekhan district, Ninewa, and Makhmur, Erbil. These systems are now providing sustainable, predictable and reliable water services to two vulnerable districts which had previously suffered extensively from power shortages and service interruptions. The water from the new solar-powered systems provides access to safe water for refugees and internally displaced people, as well as local communities. Importantly, the programme has increased water conservation and efficiency and helped to strengthen community resilience. It has also highlighted the need for adaptive and innovative technological solutions, which can support more effective disaster response and recovery.
Geospatial modeling of water supply distribution system: A case study of Dehradun city, India
Authors: Jaiswal A. K. , Thakur P. K. , Kumar P. , Kannaujiya S.
Published: December 2021

Water utilities form the core part of any urban infrastructure. A spatial database of the water distribution system (WDS) for Dehradun city has been created in a geographic information system (GIS) environment, while drawing data inputs from diverse sources and water supply-demand gap analysis has been performed. Environmental Protection Agency Network (EPANET, 2.0) has been used to analyze the WDS to explore its reliability in current and future scenarios. Mapping of the existing 564 km long distribution network revealed that more than three-quarters of the system has outdated water pipelines. An accuracy of 93% for pipe diameter estimation has been obtained upon validation by ground penetrating radar (GPR) survey. Water supply-demand gap analysis confirmed that although Dehradun city has surplus supply, it suffers from scarcity, mainly due to the unsatisfactory condition of the existing WDS. Twenty-seven percent of the existing pipes are smaller than the prescribed standards; there is an undesirable practice of direct pumping of water from tube wells into the network and storage tanks are required for at least 29 locations in the network. A 24-hour extended period EPANET simulation helped to identify the areas where the water supply network experienced very low or negative pressure.
China pollutant discharge permits as a link between total emission control and water quality: a pilot study of the pesticide industry
Authors: Guo Xinyan , Shi Mali , Ni Ni , Zhang Xiaohui , Yuan Wenkai , Wang Na
Published: December 2021

The deficiency of China's current pollution discharge permit system lies in the failure to improve the water quality effectively. This paper discusses the premise that the water quality of a water environmental functional zone (WEFZ) is mostly affected by industrial pollution sources. By reviewing the related policy, we noted the link between total emission control, effluent limitations and pollutant discharge permits us to configure a practical framework for pollutant discharge permits based on water quality. China's pollutant discharge permit system provides an administrative foundation for reducing polluters' total emissions at the scale of the WEFZ, and it is best implemented through the imposition of limitations on polluters to identify the related treatment technology levels. Owing to the importance of limitations, the methodology of limitation classification and the related treatment technology classification are presented for the pesticide industry. Additionally, a comprehensive analysis of the pollutant reduction potential for the pesticide industry is conducted to determine the current level of sewage treatment. More importantly, this study offers an innovative way to investigate pollutant reduction potential and provides an example that may be useful to other key industries.
Assessing intermittent saline inflows in urban water systems
Authors: Brito R. S. , Almeida M. C. , Silva N. , Barreto S. , Veríssimo F.
Published: December 2021

Urban water drainage systems' primary function is to transport sanitary or stormwater. The intrusion of saline waters has recognized detrimental effects. Especially in coastal areas, saline inflows can compromise performance by increasing the risk of untreated discharges, weakening the structural condition of concrete or metallic components, reducing the effectiveness of wastewater treatment processes and limiting the potential reuse for irrigation. Performance deterioration can be prevented by an early assessment of exposure to saline water, followed by timely actions to control its causes and consequences. The paper describes a procedure for diagnosing undue saline inflows. The procedure is based on the determination of saline inflow's magnitude, acceptance levels, and contribution to the system's performance. Contextual factors and performance indicators, and their reference values, are selected for the assessment. Options to address the problem are proposed, depending on the results. These options can relate to organizational, operational, and structural actions. Application to a case study allowed to validate the method and discuss the results. Here, saline volumes entering the system are quite relevant (almost 30%), posing problems regarding corrosion, treatment plant operation and significant concrete exposure to intermittent saline waters.
Effect of different D-amino acids on biofilm formation of mixed microorganisms
Authors: Su Xinying , Cheng Xin , Wang Yu , Luo Jintao
Published: December 2021

This study aimed to determine the effects of D-tyrosine, D-aspartic acid, D-tryptophan and D-leucine on biofilm formation of mixed microorganisms. Results showed that, in the attachment stage, D-amino acids caused significant reduction in adhesion efficiency of mixed microorganisms to the membrane surface. Moreover, D-amino acids have a promoting effect on the reversible adhesion of mixed microorganisms. The addition of D-amino acid generally inhibited the biofilm biomass, of which D-tyrosine has the best inhibition effect. With the effect of D-tyrosine, D-aspartic acid, D-tryptophan and D-leucine, the protein in extracellular polymeric substance (EPS) decreased by 8.21%, 7.65%, 3.51% and 11.31%, respectively. The carbohydrates in EPS decreased by 29.53%, 21.44%, 14.60% and 10.54%, respectively. The results of excitation-emission matrix spectra (EEMs) suggested that the structural properties of the tyrosine-like proteins, tryptophan-like protein and humic-like acid might have changed by the D-amino acids.
Kilka uwag o osobie prokurenta
Authors: Gawrysiak-Zabłocka Aleksandra
Published: December 2021

W istotę prokury wpisane jest wielkie zaufanie jakim mocodawca darzyć powinien prokurenta, wszak ten szczególny pełnomocnik umocowany jest do dokonywania wszelkich czynności związanych z prowadzeniem przedsiębiorstwa, a negatywne konsekwencje nieroztropnych działań prokurenta dotkną samego przedsiębiorcę. W konsekwencji art. 1092 KC stanowi, że prokurentem może być wyłącznie osoba fizyczna posiadająca pełną zdolność do czynności prawnych. Przepisy KC nie  zawierają jednak żadnych ograniczeń dotyczących przeszłości – w tym kryminalnej - kandydata na prokurenta. Natomiast z innych regulacji wynika, że uprzedni prawomocny wyrok sądu (skazujący za przestępstwo albo orzekający zakaz pełnienia funkcji) jest prawnie relewantny w kontekście prokury. Przepisy te znajdują się w różnorodnych aktach prawnych, różny jest zakres ich regulacji i skutki. Nie jest przy tym jasna aksjologia takich a nie innych rozwiązań, co powodować może dezorientację wśród przedsiębiorców.
Topos długich uszu. Transfiguracje symbolu królika
Authors: Walczak Bartłomiej
Published: December 2021

The article is focused on the analysis of transfiguration of an archaic symbol within contemporary popular culture. The theoretical framework is Ricoeur’s theory of symbol and Barthes’s semiotics. The author attempts to show how metonymic strings are gradually modified upside down.
On Some Narrations in The (Post)Industrial Design Field
Authors: Możdżyński Paweł
Published: December 2021

This text examines main narrations of the socio-cultural design field in the postindustrial period. The author starts from the creation of the definition of postindustriality. Next he explores main trends of contemporary design (DIY; eco/social design; design for all senses; design thinking, design for experience). Finally he tries to apply for the interpretation of this topic sociological categories of Jean Baudrillard and George Ritzer, eg.: ‘madness of production’, ‘immaterial consumption’, ‘hiperreality’, ‘simulacra’.
Postać sceniczna w teatrze narracyjnym. „Lipiec” Iwana Wyrypajewa, „Biesiada u Hrabiny Kotłubaj” Ireny Jun
Authors: Desperat Klaudyna
Published: December 2021

The article is devoted to the narrative theatre. Performances that represent this trend bring in to the scene, in various ways, the character of the narrator. In this draft, the theatre character has been subjected to a detailed analysis, since the character itself determines the specificity of this kind of perfomances. Ivan Vyrypayevʼs July and Irena Jun’s Dinner at Countess Pavahoke’s (Biesiada u hrabiny Kotłubaj) served as research material. The author of the article, starting from H. Lehmann’s book on Postdramatic Theatre, compares among others the narrative theatre with the Brecht’s epic theatre.
Motyw łabędzia w filmach „Piknik pod wiszącą skałą” Petera Weira i „Czarny łabędź” Darrena Aronfsky’ego
Authors: Margas Paulina
Published: December 2021

In the article there are described methods and functions of swan motif used in films Picnic at Hanging Rock by Peter Weir and Black Swan by Darren Aronofsky. In the work of Australian director very important on that matter are the following: the main character (Miranda), pictorial intertexts, plot structure and some of the formal elements. In Black Swan various connections between the film and Peter Tchaikovsky’s ballet Swan Lake are crucial. In the article there is also presented initiation process of both film characters, which is important for the swan motif. It is an area of comparison of these relatively different works as well. Last part of the article discusses elements of kitsch in the mentioned motif (because of considerable amount of it in low standard art) and tries to prove that methods of exploiting the swan motif by both Peter Weir and Darren Aronofsky are far from kitsch.
Marzec ’68 w polskim kinie – o „Różyczce” Jana Kidawy-Błońskiego
Authors: Bałdyga Katarzyna
Published: December 2021

The article refers to March events in Polish cinema. Little Rose, film by Jan Kidawa-Błoński, becomes the main material of the analysis. The first part of the article relates to two documentary films by Maria ZmarzKoczanowicz which help to interpret many key scenes in the film of KidawaBłoński. Gdanski Railway Station sheds some light on the final scene of the Little Rose. It also shows how dramatically March events affected the privacy of Polish people. An Ordinary March presents the struggle of Polish intelligentsia with the system – so it demonstrates what is official. Little Rose connects both perspectives – it shows the history from the point of view of ordinary people, as well as it doesn’t resign from presenting well-known and concluded in historical syntheses issues.
Zagubieni w labiryncie: trzy współczesne obrazy filmowe – trzy przestrzenie zagubienia (szkic interpretacyjny)
Authors: Sieńkowska Karolina
Published: December 2021

The complexity of labirynth’s construction is inseparably connected with the complexity of its symbolical meanings. For centuries mankind − driven by various feelings − has given labirynth figurative meanings. Poetry, painting and all other kinds of art have shown the world as a maze. Cinema as well. This work is an attempt of following the labirynth motive in chosen film works. In each of the cases a labirynth will be discussed in the context of its relations with a man. Researcher focuses mainly on the way the labirynth affects the people inside him.
“Światło jest życiem…” Jak nadać obrazowi duszę – analiza środków operatorskich (wybrane przykłady)
Authors: Gruszczyński Wojciech
Published: December 2021

According to the author of the article, the camerawork means in the film are determined by cultural representations rather than − as it might seem − by realistic requirements of the presented scenes. The draft includes a discussion on the light, the use of colour and the composition of the frame in the film, as well as examines the principles that guide the cameramen to get the viewer to react in the way most suitable to the conception of the scene assumed in the screenplay. The analysis is based on four films, with Danny Cohen as director of photography: The Kingʼs Speech (2010), Glorious 39 (1939), The Boat That Rocked (2009), This is England (2006).
Gdy Rylski spotyka się z Nabokovem… („Dziewczynka z hotelu <> i fenomen nimfetki)
Authors: Pawłowska-Jądrzyk Brygida
Published: December 2021

Eustachy Rylski’s story – A Little Girl from the Hotel ‘Excelsior’ – can be read as an example of psychological prose with a distinctive existential outline – as a literary study of alienation, aging and gradual loss of connections with life. There is a temptation to see in it a work that, in a discreet way, refers to the outstanding achievements of Polish prose (such as Iwaszkiewicz’s Tatarak) and world prose (such as Vladimir Nabokov’s Lolita, Thomas Mann’s Death in Venice, Truman Capote’s Miriam and even some works of Edgar Allan Poe). The specific artistic character of Rylski’s work is based on the processing of various ideas linked with the illusion of the femme fatale (including the Young Poland idea of the women-animal), nymphet figures and the ‘odd child’ and introduce them into the caricatured scenery of the Polish People’s Republic. In this broad intertextual context, one can see in Inte – this ‘beautiful temptress’ but also an ordinary ‘little whore’ – something more than a literary manifestation of misogyny, a contemporary crisis of masculinity or a battle of the sexes...