bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A convolutional neural network architecture designed for the automated survey of seabird colonies
Authors: Le Hieu , Samaras Dimitris , Lynch Heather J.
Published: October 2021

Satellite imagery is now well established as a method of finding and estimating the abundance of Antarctic penguin colonies. However, the delineation and classification of penguin colonies in sub‐meter satellite imagery has required the use of expert observers and is highly labor intensive, precluding regular censuses at the pan‐Antarctic scale. Here we present the first automated pipeline for the segmentation and classification of seabird colonies in high‐resolution satellite imagery. Our method leverages site‐fidelity by using images from previous years to improve classification performance but is robust to georegistration artifacts imposed by misalignment between sensors or terrain correction. We use a segmentation network with an additional branch that extracts the useful information from the prior mask of the input image. This prior branch provides the main model information on the location and size of guano in a prior annotation yet automatically learns to compensate for potential misalignment between the prior mask and the input image being classified. Our approach outperforms the previous approach by 44%, improving the average Intersection‐over‐Union segmentation score from 0.34 to 0.50. While penguin guano remains a challenging target for segmentation due to its indistinct and highly variable appearance, the inclusion of prior information represents a key step toward automated image annotation for population monitoring. Moreover, this method can be adapted for other ecological applications where the dynamics of landscape change are slow relative to the repeat frequency of available imagery and prior information may be available to aid with image annotation.
Satellite forward VDES channel modeling and impact on higher‐layer performance
Authors: Giambene Giovanni , Gomez Iago , de Cola Tomaso , Sebastian Roshith , Rahman MD Saifur
Published: October 2021

VHF data exchange system (VDES) is an emerging maritime communications standard that is meant to provide ship‐to‐shore, shore‐to‐ship, and ship‐to‐ship information services. VDES also includes a satellite component to extend the service coverage also to the high sea. Ships can receive important information via VDES and access this service via satellite when they are far from the shore. This paper uses data taken during a measurement campaign to develop an ON‐OFF model for the VDE‐SAT downlink channel taking the multipath effects caused by sea reflections into account. This model has been used to evaluate the impact of packet‐level forward error correction (FEC) schemes (i.e., ideal codes, RaptorQ codes, and 2‐Dimension Reed‐Solomon codes) to further protect transmissions from deep fading events and to evaluate the impact at the transport level considering the possibility to adopt the transmission control protocol (TCP) for a file map delivery service.
Applied element method‐based blast‐resistant design of façade columns with limited standoff distance
Authors: Attia Fatma , Salem Hamed
Published: October 2021

Exterior columns are highly susceptible to structural damage in cases of blast attacks, and its failure may lead to a progressive collapse of the entire structure. In this study, a three‐dimensional nonlinear dynamic analysis was carried out on a 10‐Storey reinforced concrete office building. The building was designed according to ACI 318, then its exterior columns were subjected to blast loading threat. The computational program used is Extreme Loading for Structures software, which is based on the applied element method (AEM). The AEM can estimate the structural behavior from the elastic stage through cracking, large displacement, complete elements separation, and eventually collapse. In this study, an exterior column is analyzed under different weights of (TNT) detonation charges concerning different standoff distances, the behavior of the columns is evaluated according to UFC 3‐340‐02 and PDC‐TR 06‐08. Analysis trials are carried out to estimate a safe and economical column design that can withstand a predefined charge weight and standoff distance.
LncRNA MEG3 restrained pulmonary fibrosis induced by NiO NPs via regulating hedgehog signaling pathway‐mediated autophagy
Authors: Gao Qing , Chang Xuhong , Yang Mengmeng , Zheng Jinfa , Gong Xuefeng , Liu Han , Li Kun , Wang Xiaoxia , Zhan Haibing , Li Sheng , Feng Sanwei , Sun Xingchang , Sun Yingbiao
Published: October 2021

Long noncoding RNA maternally expressed gene 3 (lncRNA MEG3) was down‐regulated in pulmonary fibrosis of rats induced by Nickel oxide nanoparticles (NiO NPs), while the downstream regulatory mechanisms of MEG3 remain unclear. This study aimed to investigate the relationship among MEG3, Hedgehog (Hh) signaling pathway and autophagy in pulmonary fibrosis caused by NiO NPs. The pulmonary fibrosis model in rats was constructed by intratracheal instillation of 0.015, 0.06, and 0.24 mg/kg NiO NPs twice a week for 9 weeks. Collagen deposition model was established by treating A549 cells with 25, 50, and 100 μg/mL NiO NPs for 24 h. Our results indicated that NiO NPs activated Hh pathway, down‐regulated the expression of MEG3, and reduced autophagy activity in vivo and in vitro. Meanwhile, the autophagy process was promoted by Hh pathway inhibitor (CDG‐0449), while the collagen formation in A549 cells was reduced by autophagy activator (Rapamycin). Furthermore, the overexpressed MEG3 inhibited the activation of Hh pathway, resulting in autophagy activity enhancement along with collagen formation reduction. In summary, lncRNA MEG3 can restrain pulmonary fibrosis induced by NiO NPs via regulating hedgehog signaling pathway‐mediated autophagy, which may serve as a potential therapeutic strategy for pulmonary fibrosis.
Compact Hankel Operators Between Distinct Hardy Spaces and Commutators
Authors: Leśnik Karol , Mleczko Paweł
Published: October 2021

The paper is devoted to the study of compactness of Hankel operators acting between distinct Hardy spaces generated by Banach function lattices. We prove an analogue of Hartman’s theorem characterizing compact Hankel operators in terms of properties of their symbols. As a byproduct we give an estimation of the essential norm of such operators. Furthermore, compactness of commutators and semicommutators of Toeplitz operators for unbounded symbols is discussed.
Risk stratification by anamnesis increases SARS-CoV-2 test efficiency in cancer patients
Authors: Arnold Christian Cornelius , von der Grün Jens , Brekner Mark Christoph , Licher Jörg , Fokas Emmanouil , Rödel Claus , Fleischmann Maximilian
Published: October 2021

Purpose

To evaluate the impact of testing asymptomatic cancer patients, we analyzed all tests for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) before and during radiotherapy at a tertiary cancer center throughout the second wave of the pandemic in Germany.

Methods

Results of all real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) tests for SARS-CoV‑2 performed at our radio-oncology department between 13 October 2020 and 11 March 2021 were included. Clinical data and anamnestic information at the time of testing were documented and examined for (i) the presence of COVID-19-related symptoms and (ii) virus-related anamnesis (high-risk [prior positive test or contact to a positive tested person within the last 14 days] or low-risk [inconspicuous anamnesis within the last 14 days]).

Results

A total of 1056 SARS-CoV‑2 tests in 543 patients were analyzed. Of those, 1015 tests were performed in asymptomatic patients and 41 tests in patients with COVID-19-associated symptoms. Two of 940 (0.2%) tests in asymptomatic patients with low-risk anamnesis and three of 75 (4.0%) tests in asymptomatic patients with high-risk anamnesis showed a positive result. For symptomatic patients, SARS-CoV‑2 was detected in three of 36 (8.3%) low-risk and three of five (60.0%) high-risk tests.

Conclusion

To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study evaluating the correlation between individual risk factors and positivity rates of SARS-CoV‑2 tests in cancer patients. The data demonstrate that clinical and anamnestic assessment is a simple and effective measure to distinctly increase SARS-CoV‑2 test efficiency. This might enable cancer centers to adjust test strategies in asymptomatic patients, especially when test resources are scarce.
The effect of an infra-acetabular screw for anatomically shaped three-dimensional plate or standard plate designs in acetabulum fractures: a biomechanical analysis
Authors: Graul I. , Marintschev I. , Pizanis A. , Herath S. C. , Pohlemann T. , Fritz T.
Published: October 2021

Background

Various plate shapes and implant configurations are used for stabilization of acetabulum fractures via anterior approaches. Little is known about the biomechanical stability of a two-dimensionally shaped “conventional” plate (“J-Plate”—JP) in comparison to three-dimensionally shaped plate configurations (3DP). In addition, the augmentary effect of an infra-acetabular lag-screw (IACS) fixation for anterior column and posterior hemi-transverse acetabulum fractures has not been clarified in comparison of JP and 3DP constructs. This study analyzed the difference between the biomechanical stability of JP compared to 3DP and the role of an IACS in a standardized acetabular fracture model in a single-leg stance loading configuration.

Methods

In an artificial bone substitute pelvis model (Synbone© Malans, Switzerland), a typical and standardized fracture pattern (anterior column and posterior hemi-transverse) was created with osteotomy jigs. After anatomic reduction the stabilization was performed using JP or 3DP. Eight pelvises per group were axially loaded in a single-leg stance model up to 400 N. After the load cycle, an additional infra-acetabular screw was placed and the measurement repeated. Fragment displacement was recorded by an optical tracking system (Optitrack Prime 13®, Corvallis, USA).

Results

In the pure placement, 3DP provided significantly superior stability when compared to JP. Augmentation of JP by IACS increased the stability significantly, up to the level of 3DP alone, whereas augmentation of the 3DP did not result in further increase of overall stability.

Conclusion

The anatomically shaped plate alone provides a superior biomechanical stability in fixation of an anterior column and posterior hemi-transverse fracture model. In a JP fixation the augmentation by IACS provides similar strength as the anatomically shaped 3DP. By use of the anatomically shaped 3DP the need of a clinically risky application of IACS might be avoidable.

Level of evidence

IV, Experimental study.
The history of Abies pinsapo during the Holocene in southern Spain, based on pedoanthracological analysis
Authors: Pardo-Martínez Rubén , Gómez-Zotano José , Olmedo-Cobo José Antonio
Published: October 2021

The aim of this research is to reconstruct the ancient distribution area ofAbies pinsapoBoiss. (Spanish fir) in the Serranía de Ronda region, southern Spain, during the Holocene. The main method was pedoanthracological analysis, the study of non-archaeological charcoal found in natural soils. In this research a total of 37 soil excavations were done in several mountain ranges with potentially favourable places for firs to have grown in the past. Specific sites and places such as hillsides, endorheic basins (with no outflow), sinkholes, summits and mountain passes were selected on the basis of evidence from a range of different sources including ancient documents, pollen studies and species distribution models. The soil samples collected from these sites were prepared in the laboratory and the charcoal was identified and radiocarbon dated. Statistical and cartographic analyses were also done. The study revealed evidence of past populations ofAbiessp. in places where it is no longer found today. A total of 47 different chronologies were obtained from these sites with ages ranging between 9,931 calbpand 78 calbp. In addition, the wide variations in the charcoal values enabled us to make an initial estimate of the importance of ancient forest fires in different places in the Serranía de Ronda. When this information has been considered with all the other available data sources, it will be an essential resource for the efficient management of relict fir woods in southern Spain.
Sieben Jahre EIT RawMaterials Regional Center in Leoben – Rohstoffforschung im Kontext Globaler Entwicklung
Authors: Feiel Susanne , Bertignoll Hanno
Published: October 2021

Das Resources Innovation Center Leoben (RIC Leoben) an der Montanuniversität bündelt heute die internationalen Beteiligungen der Institution im Bereich der Nachhaltigkeit in Rohstoffforschung und Ausbildung. Das RIC geht zurück auf das Jahr 2015, wo es als Regional Center des EIT RawMaterials, einer Knowledge & Innovation Community des European Institute for Innovation and Technology, einem europäischen Netzwerk aus mittlerweile rund 300 Partnern des Rohstoffsektors, gegründet wurde. Besonders in den Bereichen Bildung, Sustainable Exploration & Mining, Technological Innovation und Recycling sowie der strategischen Weiterentwicklung und Mitgestaltung der Community ist die Montanuniversität durch das RIC hier tätig. 2017 wurden die Aktivitäten um die Mitgliedschaft in der EIT Climate-KIC, einer weiteren Knowledge & Innovation Community, erweitert, in der die Themen Urban Transitions und Sustainable Production Systems vorangetrieben werden, um die Auswirkungen des Klimawandels zu begrenzen und eine klimaresiliente Gesellschaft zu fördern. Ein zusätzlicher Bereich im Portfolio des RIC Leoben sind die Sustainable Development Goals der Vereinten Nationen, zu denen durch vielerlei Initiativen beigetragen wird. Eine Schlüsselaktivität in diesem Bereich ist die Implementierung ebendieser im österreichischen Hochschulsektor durch ein gemeinsames Netzwerk aller österreichischen Universitäten und die Übernahme einer Patenschaft für SDG 12. Die Aktivitäten des RIC haben auch zur inhaltlichen Gestaltung der European University on Responsible Consumption and Production beigetragen, die erfolgreich im Lead aus dem RIC heraus gegründet wurde. Ebenso bündelt das RIC die Wasserstoff- und Kohlenstoffaktivitäten der Universität. Allen Arbeiten im Resources Innovation Center Leoben ist eines gemein: Sie sind thematisch verknüpft und ergänzen sich. Die Resultate zielen alle auf nachhaltige Innovation im Ressourcenbereich für eine bessere Zukunft ab.
Sorting in an urban housing market—is there a response to demographic change?
Authors: Neumann Uwe , Taruttis Lisa
Published: October 2021

Using Dortmund as a case study we analyse whether rents and housing prices responded to local demographic change in a German city between 2007 and 2016. In a two-step analysis based on a spatial autoregressive hedonic pricing model and a discrete choice model of housing location we find that during the study period as a whole, higher local mortality induced a negative effect on apartment prices and rents. Yet, the neighbourhood effects of local ageing vary across sub-city districts. Most prominently, the study period was characterised by a strong and rising desire to purchase or rent housing in the vicinity of the city centre. Furthermore, prices for owner-occupied apartments and houses increased rapidly in the more well-off southern part of the city and particularly in a previously declining community, where a large-scale urban regeneration and environmental upgrading project has been implemented since 2011. The characteristics of households likely to move to this neighbourhood switched from low to high income.
Akut symptomatische Anfälle bei internistischen Erkrankungen und Noxen
Authors: Dormann Rainer , Gröppel Gudrun , von Oertzen Tim J.
Published: October 2021

Akut symptomatische Anfälle sind definiert durch einen engen zeitlichen Zusammenhang zwischen einem akuten Ereignis, welches einen negativen Einfluss auf das Gehirn hat, und dem daraus resultierenden Auftreten von epileptischen Anfällen. Diesem akuten Ereignis können neben einer strukturellen Hirnschädigung (z. B. traumatisch, vaskulär) unter anderem auch Entgleisungen im Rahmen internistischer Erkrankungen oder Einfluss von externen Noxen wie Medikamenten, Alkohol oder Drogen zugrunde liegen. In weiterer Folge beschreiben wir die häufigsten internistischen Ursachen, welche zu akut symptomatischen Anfällen führen können. Das Risiko von Elektrolytentgleisungen, Leber- und Nierenerkrankungen, Darmerkrankungen, Diabetes mellitus und der Einfluss unterschiedlicher Medikamente wird diskutiert.
A Study of Woven Fabrics Made of Helical Auxetic Yarns
Authors: Gao Yajie , Chen Xiaogang
Published: October 2021

The paper presents a study on woven fabrics made of helical auxetic yarns (HAYs) and their key factors on Poisson’s ratio under tension. The work aims to create and evaluate auxetic woven fabrics with optimal parameters for achieving better auxeticity including weave structure, wrapping angle of the auxetic yarn, thickness of the auxetic yarn and properties of the warp yarn. The maximum negative Poisson’s ratio (NPR) of the woven fabric can be achieved as low as -2.92 for experiments. Then, a numerical study has been carried out as well to assist the development of auxetic woven fabrics. The findings of this paper showed longer float length, lower wrapping angle of the auxetic yarn, a thinner diameter of the auxetic yarn as well as lower tensile modulus of the warp yarn led to higher auxetic behaviour. This can also provide a reference for researchers to select the best parameters for producing the auxetic woven fabrics.
Police Officers Do Not Need More Training; But Different Training. Policing Domestic Violence and Abuse Involving Children: A Rapid Review
Authors: Millar Annemarie , Saxton Michael , Øverlien Carolina , Elliffe Ruth
Published: October 2021

Although the police have been identified as a key service provider when responding to domestic violence and abuse (DVA), very few studies have investigated their response in relation to children. This review aims to examine children’s experiences of police response in the context of DVA and to explore how the police understand and respond to children living with DVA. A rapid review of the empirical literature on the police response to DVA involving children was undertaken. PsycINFO, Web of Science and ProQuest were searched. Studies with a qualitative element, concerning children under 18 with experience of police involvement, or police experiences of children, in the context of DVA were included. The final sample comprised of six studies. Using reflexive thematic analysis, four key themes emerged in relation to children: children’s experiences of DVA; fear, uncertainty, and mistrust of police; confronting “childism”: a matter of children’s rights; and going beyond empathy: equality and justice. Regarding the police, three key themes emerged: variability in police response; limited view of police role; lack of professional competence. The findings underscore the need for awareness raising and an urgent review of the training officers receive regarding the impact of DVA on children. They also highlight the pivotal role of police when responding to DVA where children are present, as well as to advance the frontiers of research by including not only adults and professionals but also the most vulnerable DVA victim: the child.
In Utero Exposure to trans-10, cis-12 Conjugated Linoleic Acid Modifies Postnatal Development of the Mammary Gland and its Hormone Responsiveness
Authors: Berryhill Grace E. , Gloviczki Julia M. , Trott Josephine F. , Kraft Jana , Lock Adam L. , Hovey Russell C.
Published: October 2021

We previously showed that dietary trans-10, cis-12 conjugated linoleic acid (10,12 CLA) stimulates estrogen-independent mammary growth in young ovariectomized mice. Here we investigated the effects of in utero or postnatal exposure to cis-9, trans-11 (9,11 CLA) and 10,12 CLA on postnatal development of the mammary gland and its responsiveness to ovarian steroids. In the first experiment we fed dams different CLA prior to and during gestation, then cross fostered female pups onto control fed dams prior to assessing the histomorphology of their mammary glands. Pregnant dams in the second experiment were similarly exposed to CLA, after which their female pups were ovariectomized then treated with 17β-estradiol (E), progesterone (P) or E + P for 5 days. In a third experiment, mature female mice were fed different CLA for 28 days prior to ovariectomy, then treated with E, P or E + P. Our data indicate that 10,12 CLA modifies the responsiveness of the mammary glands to E or E + P when exposure occurs either in utero, or postnatally. These findings underline the sensitivity of the mammary glands to dietary fatty acids and reinforce the potential for maternal nutrition to impact postnatal development of the mammary glands and their risk for developing cancer.
Long-Term Demographic Trends in Prehistoric Italy: Climate Impacts and Regionalised Socio-Ecological Trajectories
Authors: Palmisano Alessio , Bevan Andrew , Kabelindde Alexander , Roberts Neil , Shennan Stephen
Published: October 2021

The Italian peninsula offers an excellent case study within which to investigate long-term regional demographic trends and their response to climate fluctuations, especially given its diverse landscapes, latitudinal range and varied elevations. In the past two decades, summed probability distributions of calibrated radiocarbon dates have become an important method for inferring population dynamics in prehistory. Recent advances in this approach also allow for statistical assessment of spatio-temporal patterning in demographic trends. In this paper we reconstruct population change for the whole Italian peninsula from the Late Mesolithic to the Early Iron Age (10,000–2800 cal yr BP). How did population patterns vary across time and space? Were fluctuations in human population related to climate change? In order to answer these questions, we have collated a large list of published radiocarbon dates (n = 4010) and use this list firstly to infer the demographic trends for the Italian peninsula as a whole, before addressing each of five sub-regions in turn (northern, central, and southern Italy, Sicily, Sardinia). We also compare population fluctuations with local paleoclimate proxies (cave, lake, marine records). At a pan-regional scale, the results show a general rapid and substantial increase in population in the Early Neolithic with the introduction of farming at around 8000 cal yr BP and further dramatic increases during the Bronze and Iron Age (~ 3800–2800 cal yr BP). However, different regional demographic trajectories exist across different regions of Italy, suggesting a variety of localised human responses to climate shifts. Population and climate appear to have been more closely correlated during the early–mid Holocene (Mesolithic–Neolithic), while later in the Holocene (Bronze–Iron Ages) they decouple. Overall, across the Holocene the population dynamics varied by region and depended on the long-term socio-ecological dynamics prevailing in a given area. Finally, we include a brief response to the paper ‘Radiocarbon dated trends and central Mediterranean prehistory’ by Parkinson et al. (J Word Prehist 34(3), 2021)—synchronously published byJournal of World Prehistorybut wholly independently developed—indicating how our conclusions accord with or differ from one another.
Atrial fibrillation, quality of life and distress: a cluster analysis of cognitive and behavioural responses
Authors: Taylor Elaina C. , O’Neill Mark , Hughes Lyndsay D. , Moss-Morris Rona
Published: October 2021

Purpose

Few studies have examined specific cognitive and behavioural responses to symptoms, which may impact health-related outcomes, in conjunction with illness representations, as outlined by the Common-Sense-Model. Patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) report poor quality-of-life (QoL) and high distress. This cross-sectional study investigated patterns/clusters of cognitive and behavioural responses to illness, and illness perceptions, and relationships with QoL, depression and anxiety.

Methods

AF patients (N = 198) recruited at cardiology clinics completed the AF-Revised Illness Perception Questionnaire, Atrial-Fibrillation-Effect-on-Quality-of-Life Questionnaire, Patient Health Questionnaire-8 and Generalized Anxiety Disorder Questionnaire. Cluster analysis used Ward’s andK-means methods. Hierarchical regressions examined relationships between clusters with QoL, depression and anxiety.

Results

Two clusters of cognitive and behavioural responses to symptoms were outlined; (1) ‘high avoidance’; (2) ‘low symptom-focussing’. Patients in Cluster 1 had lower QoL (M = 40.36, SD = 18.40), greater symptoms of depression (M = 7.20, SD = 5.71) and greater symptoms of anxiety (M = 5.70, SD = 5.90) compared to patients in Cluster 2 who had higher QoL (M = 59.03, SD = 20.12), fewer symptoms of depression (M = 3.53, SD = 3.56) and fewer symptoms of anxiety (M = 2.56, SD = 3.56).

Two illness representation clusters were outlined; (1) ‘high coherence and treatment control’, (2) ‘negative illness and emotional representations’. Patients in Cluster 2 had significantly lower QoL (M = 46.57, SD = 19.94), greater symptoms of depression (M = 6.12, SD = 5.31) and greater symptoms of anxiety (M = 4.70, SD = 5.27), compared with patients in Cluster 1 who had higher QoL (M = 61.52, SD = 21.38), fewer symptoms of depression (M = 2.85, SD = 2.97) and fewer symptoms of anxiety (M = 2.16, SD = 3.63).

Overall, clusters of cognitive and behavioural responses to symptoms, and illness perceptions significantly explained between 14 and 29% of the variance in QoL, depression and anxiety.

Conclusion

Patterns of cognitive and behavioural responses to symptoms, and illness perceptions are important correlates of health-related outcomes in AF patients.
On the Trail of Spatial Patterns of Genetic Variation
Authors: Peña José A. , Gómez-Pérez Luis , Alfonso-Sánchez Miguel A.
Published: October 2021

The accurate determination of the spatial trends on the variability of a species’ gene pool is essential to elucidate the underlying demographic-evolutionary events, thus helping to unravel the microevolutionary history of the population under study. Herein we present a new software called GenoCline, mainly addressed to detect genetic clines from allele, haplotype, and genome-wide data. This program package allows identifying the geographic orientation of clinal genetic variation through a system of iterative rotation of a virtual coordinate axis. Besides, GenoCline can perform complementary analyses to explore the potential origin of the genetic clines observed, including spatial autocorrelation, isolation by distance, centroid method, multidimensional scaling and Sammon projection. Among the advantages of this software is the ease in data entry and potential interconnection with other programs. Genetic and geographic data can be entered in spreadsheet table formatting (.xls), whereas genome-wide data can be imported in Eigensoft format. Genetic frequencies can also be exported in a format compatible with other programs dealing with population genetic and evolutionary biology analyses. All illustrations of results are saved in.svg format so that there will be high quality and easily editable vectorial graphs available for the researcher. Being implemented in Java, GenoCline is highly portable, thus working in different operating systems.
Agequake II: psychische Gesundheit älterer inhaftierter Personen – eine schweizweite Studie
Authors: Seaward Helene , Taboas Hidalgo Laudelina , Wangmo Tenzin , Elger Bernice S.
Published: October 2021

Das Projekt Agequake II erhob Daten zur psychischen Gesundheit älterer inhaftierter Personen in der Schweiz, evaluierte die aktuelle Situation deren psychiatrischer Versorgung und untersuchte Optionen zu ethischen, rechtlichen und wirtschaftlichen Lösungen in Bezug auf altersbedingte Probleme. Agequake, benannt nach dem Phänomen der rapide wachsenden Anzahl älterer inhaftierter Personen, ist somit eines der wenigen Forschungsprojekte, das Daten zu der älteren Gefängnispopulation liefert und Ergebnisse zur Erweiterung des Wissens über diese wenig erforschte Gruppe beisteuert. Die Ergebnisse tragen zum besseren Verständnis der Lebensrealitäten gefangener älterer Personen bei, bieten Strategien zur Verbesserung derer physischer und psychischer Gesundheitsversorgung und zur Verringerung der Belastung des Gefängnispersonals und der größeren Öffentlichkeit.
Professionelle polizeiliche Kommunikation: sich verstehen
Authors: Staller Mario S. , Koerner Swen , Zaiser Benjamin
Published: October 2021

Auch wenn, einem Bonmot Watzlawicks folgend, nicht nicht kommuniziert werden kann, kann Kommunikation gleichwohl mehr oder weniger viel Aufmerksamkeit zuteilwerden. In den modernen Sozialwissenschaften ist Kommunikation längst theoretisch und empirisch zum Schlüsselelement komplexitätsangemessener Beschreibungen und Erklärungen moderner Gesellschaftsvollzüge avanciert. In der modernen Polizeiarbeit hat der aktuelle Wissensbestand zur Kommunikation diesen Anspruch noch nicht erreicht. Der Beitrag setzt hier an, indem er polizeiliche Kommunikation als zentrales Medium von Polizei-Bürger*innen-Interaktionen pragmatistisch modelliert. Demensprechend hat die Polizei in ihrer Kommunikation dem der Öffentlichkeit geschuldeten Maß an Professionalität gerecht zu werden. Diese, so unser zentrales Argument, zeigt sich als Kontrolle durch Einsicht in potenziell „blinde Flecken“ polizeilicher Kommunikation.
Checkpoint inhibitor pneumonitis: Short review of literature and case report
Authors: Wass Romana Elisabeth , Lang David , Horner Andreas , Lamprecht Bernd
Published: October 2021

Immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) has fundamentally improved the treatment landscape of advanced lung cancer. Improved tolerability and encouraging duration of response in selected patients are some of the advantages of ICB over conventional cytotoxic chemotherapies. However, immune-related adverse events (irAEs) possibly affecting multiple organs pose challenges in diagnosis and management. Checkpoint inhibitor pneumonitis (CIP) is a rare but clinically highly relevant irAE that can significantly impair quality of life and can be potentially life threatening. Since its heterogeneity in clinical and radiographic presentation, diagnosis can be challenging. Treatment usually consists of discontinuing or delaying the administration of ICB. If there is no sufficient recovery with this measure, steroid therapy is indicated. Although the majority of cases improves with this therapy, steroid-refractory CIP can be a therapeutic challenge as there is currently no evidence-based standard treatment. We herein present a short review of literature and a case report of relapsing CIP under steroid treatment.
Parameter investigation and optimization of friction stir welded AA6061/TiO2 composites through TLBO
Authors: Prabhu Subramanya R. , Shettigar Arun , Herbert Mervin A. , Rao Shrikantha S.
Published: October 2021

This paper explicates the joining of AA 6061/TiO2 composites by the friction stir welding (FSW) process. FSW experiments were conducted as per the three factors, three-level, central composite ivy– face-centered design method. Mathematical relationships between the FSW process parameters, namely tool geometry, welding speed, and tool rotational speed, and the output responses such as hardness, yield strength, and ultimate tensile strength were established using response surface methodology. Adequacies of established models were assessed through the analysis of variance method. Further, the paper elucidates the application of the teaching–learning-based optimization (TLBO) algorithm to identify the optimal values of input variables and to obtain an FSW joint with superior mechanical properties. The optimized experimental condition obtained from the TLBO yields an FSW joint with a UTS of 174 MPa, yield strength of 120 MPa, and hardness of 126HV. The study revealed that the result of the TLBO algorithm matched the findings of the FSW experiments.
Powering and Fabrication of Small-Scale Robotics Systems
Authors: Pané Salvador , Wendel-Garcia Pedro , Belce Yonca , Chen Xiang-Zhong , Puigmartí-Luis Josep
Published: October 2021

Purpose of Review

The increasing number of contributions in the field of small-scale robotics is significantly associated with the progress in material science and process engineering during the last half century. With the objective of integrating the most optimal materials for the propulsion of these motile micro- and nanosystems, several manufacturing strategies have been adopted or specifically developed. This brief review covers some recent advances in materials and fabrication of small-scale robots with a focus on the materials serving as components for their motion and actuation.

Recent Findings

Integration of a wealth of materials is now possible in several micro- and nanorobotic designs owing to the advances in micro- and nanofabrication and chemical synthesis. Regarding light-driven swimmers, novel photocatalytic materials and deformable liquid crystal elastomers have been recently reported. Acoustic swimmers are also gaining attention, with several prominent examples of acoustic bubble-based 3D swimmers being recently reported. Magnetic micro- and nanorobots are increasingly investigated for their prospective use in biomedical applications. The adoption of different materials and novel fabrication strategies based on 3D printing, template-assisted electrodeposition, or electrospinning is briefly discussed.

A brief review on fabrication and powering of small-scale robotics is presented. First, a concise introduction to the world of small-scale robotics and their propulsion by means of magnetic fields, ultrasound, and light is provided. Recent examples of materials and fabrication methodologies for the realization of these devices follow thereafter.
Music, Wellness, and Aging
Authors: Madey Scott F. , VonDras Dean D.
Published: October 2021

Music is a metaphor that connects people to a profound sense of life. In this book, music intersects with wellness and aging as humans adapt to life changes, stay engaged, remain creative, and achieve self-actualization. Along with discussion of cutting-edge research, the book presents stories and interviews from everyday people as well as professional and non-professional musicians. It discusses individual and social wellness, age-related and pathological changes in health, music therapies, personal resilience and growth, interpersonal and community relationships, work and retirement, spirituality, and the psychology of aging. The case studies show how music, wellness, and aging connect to define, direct, and celebrate life, as these three concepts allow people to connect with others, break down barriers, and find common ground.
Chronology for Mississippian and Oneota Occupations at Aztalan and the Lake Koshkonong Locality
Authors: Krus Anthony M. , Richards John D. , Jeske Robert J.
Published: October 2021

The Middle Mississippian component at Aztalan was a mixed, Late Woodland / Mississippian occupation sited within a heavily fortified habitation and mound center that is located on a tributary of the Rock River in Wisconsin. It represents the northernmost large Cahokian-related village recorded. The Oneota Lake Koshkonong Locality of the Rock River drainage is located approximately 20 km south of Aztalan, and it consists of a 25 km2 area along the northwest shore with a small cluster of habitation settlements. Sixty-eight radiocarbon measurements have been obtained from Aztalan, and 52 from Oneota settlements in the Lake Koshkonong Locality. We discuss how to best interpret this dataset, and we use Bayesian chronological modeling to analyze these dates. The results suggest that (1) Aztalan's Late Woodland (Kekoskee phase) occupation began in the AD 900s or early AD 1000s, (2) Aztalan's Mississippian occupation ceased in the AD 1200s, (3) Oneota occupations at Lake Koshkonong began after AD 1050 and were established by the AD 1200s, and (4) Oneota occupations at Lake Koshkonong continued after Aztalan's Mississippian abandonment until at least the late AD 1300s. Additionally, the results demonstrate that Aztalan was fortified with a palisade with bastions for much of the Mississippian occupation, suggesting a contested presence in a multiethnic landscape.
Using bibliometrics to evaluate outcomes and influence of translational biomedical research centers
Authors: Bragg Kristine M. , Marchand Gwen C. , Hilpert Jonathan C. , Cummings Jeffrey L.
Published: October 2021

Introduction:

Federal grant funding to support infrastructure development of translational biomedical research centers is a form of public health intervention. Establishing rigorous methods for measuring center success and outcomes is essential to justify continued funding.

Methods:

Bibliometric data compiled from a 5-year funding cycle of neurodegeneration and translational neuroscience research center were analyzed using the package bibliometrix for open-source software R and the NIH-developed research tool iCite.

Results:

The research team and their collaborators (n = 485) produced 157 grant-citing publications from 2015–2020. The science was produced by small research teams clustered around three main communities of topics: Alzheimer’s Disease, brain imaging, and neuropsychological testing in the elderly. Using the relative citation ratio, the publications produced by the research team were found to be influential when compared to other R01-funded publications.

Conclusion:

Recent developments in bibliometric analysis expand beyond traditional measurement capabilities to better understand the characteristics, outcomes, and influences of research teams. These findings can be used to inform researchers and institutions about research team composition, productivity, and success. Measures of research influence may be used to justify return on investment to funders.
Stakeholder input on a care planning tool to address unhealthy behaviors, mental health needs, and social risks: The value of different stakeholder perspectives
Authors: O’Loughlin Kristen , Huffstetler Alison N. , Shadowen Hannah , Brooks E. Marshall , Hinesley Jennifer , Huebschmann Amy G. , Glasgow Russell E. , Bohannon Arline , Krist Alex H.
Published: October 2021

This report describes how stakeholder groups informed a web-based care planning tool’s development for addressing root causes of poor health. Stakeholders included community members (n = 6), researchers (n = 6), community care providers (n = 9), and patients (n = 17). Feedback was solicited through focus groups, semi-structured interviews, and user experience observations and then qualitatively analyzed to identify themes. Each group contributed a unique perspective. Researchers wanted evidence-based content; community members and providers focused on making goals manageable; patients wanted care team support and simple action-oriented language. Our findings highlight the benefits of stakeholder input. Blending perspectives from multiple groups results in a more robust intervention design.
Replicating corpus-based research in English for academic purposes: Proposed replication of Cortes (2013) and Biber and Gray (2010)
Authors: Omidian Taha , Ballance Oliver James , Siyanova-Chanturia Anna
Published: October 2021

Accurate description of language use is central to English for academic purposes (EAP) practice. Thanks to the development of corpus tools, it has been possible to undertake systematic studies of language in academic contexts. This line of research aims to provide detailed and accurate characterization of academic communication and to ultimately inform EAP practice. Very few studies, however, have attempted to ascertain whether, and to what the extent, corpus-based findings have achieved such goals. The diverse nature of EAP, and the unique methodological challenges involved in compiling and using corpora, provide sufficient incentive for replication research in this area. The present article makes a case for replication of corpus-based studies in the field of EAP. It argues that replication research not only enhances the credibility of corpus linguistics for EAP pedagogy and research but also provides practical advice for EAP teachers and materials designers. It then looks at how two key corpus-based studies on the topic, Cortes (2013) and Biber and Gray (2010), can be replicated with respect to replication approaches described in Porte (2012).
STILLBORN YET NOT WITHOUT INFLUENCE: WHAT MILL’S POLITICAL ECONOMY OWES TO HIS PROJECT OF ETHOLOGY
Authors: Salvat Christophe
Published: October 2021

This article questions the articulation between John Stuart Mill’s initial project of creating a new science dedicated to the means of improving individual character, a science named “ethology,” and the treatise of political economy that he published instead. My claim is that his defense of free competition as well as some of the arguments he opposes to it, and which have often puzzled his readers, actually reveal the moral agenda of his political economy and of some of his political principles, specifically his ambivalent position towards paternalism.
CONSENT TO UNJUST INSTITUTIONS
Authors: van der Vossen Bas
Published: October 2021

John Rawls wrote that people can voluntarily acquire political obligations to institutions only on the condition that those institutions are at least reasonably just. When an institution is seriously unjust, by contrast, attempts to create political obligation are “void ab initio.” However, Rawls's own explanation for this thought was deeply problematic, as are the standard alternatives. In this paper, I offer an argument for why Rawls's intuition was right and trace its implications for theories of authority and political obligation. These, I claim, are more radical than is often thought.
Socio-economic inequalities in children’s nutritional status in Democratic Republic of the Congo in 2017–2018: an analysis of data from a nationally representative survey
Authors: Qi Xinran , Zhu Yifan , Wang Yu , He Qiwei , Hee Jiayi , Chen Wei , Takesue Rie , Tang Kun
Published: October 2021

Objective:

The Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC) has one of the highest levels of child undernutrition globally; however, little information exists on the underlying socio-economic inequalities resulting in undernutrition. This study aims to examine the differences in the nutritional statuses of children across different wealth quintiles and explores the association between malnutrition in children and related factors.

Design:

We utilised the 2018 Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey data. We estimated the prevalence of malnutrition across all twenty-six provinces. The study used the WHO 2006 child growth standards to measure stunting, underweight and wasting. We employed a mixed-effect linear model to analyse the association between nutritional status and healthcare accessibility, domestic sanitation, and socio-demographic factors.

Setting:

Twenty-six provinces in the DRC.

Participants:

21 477 children under 5 years of age and 21 828 women of childbearing age in the DRC.

Results:

The national prevalence of underweight, stunting and wasting was found to be 23·33 %, 42·05 % and 5·66 %, respectively. Household wealth and mother’s education level were significantly positively associated with the nutritional statuses of children. Among households in the lowest wealth quintile, residence in urban areas was a protective factor against undernutrition.

Conclusion:

The findings of this study indicate considerable socio-economic inequalities in the nutritional statuses of children under 5 years of age in the DRC, highlighting the need for nutrition promotion as part of maternal and child healthcare. Interventions and policies should include improving nutrition education for less-educated mothers, in particular, in the central provinces of the DRC.
Nonverbale Korrelate depressiver Störungen
Authors: Altmann Uwe , Knitter Lukas A. , Meier Julija , Brümmel Maria , Strauß Bernhard
Published: October 2021

Zusammenfassung. Theoretischer Hintergrund: Psychische Störungen gehen mit Veränderungen des nonverbalen Verhaltens einher. Fragestellung: Die Pilotstudie untersuchte, inwiefern Charakteristika von Mimik, Körper- und Kopfbewegungen als diagnostische Kriterien depressiver Störungen geeignet sind und testete dabei computerbasierte Messungen des nonverbalen Verhaltens. Methode: Die Stichprobe umfasste N = 15 Patient_innen mit depressiver Störung und N = 15 gesunde Kontrollpersonen. Mit Fragebögen wurden Depressivität (PHQ-9), Ängstlichkeit (GAD-7) und Schmerzbeeinträchtigung (PDI) erfasst. Strukturierte Anamneseinterviews zu körperlichen Beschwerden wurden mit Video aufgezeichnet. Mimik und Bewegungen wurden automatisch mit OpenFace und Motion Energy Analysis kodiert. Ergebnisse: Hypothesenkonform lächelten depressive Personen seltener (Hedges g = 1.56) und bewegten ihren Kopf weniger ( g = 0.79) als Gesunde. Expressionen von Trauer sowie Häufigkeit, Dauer und Geschwindigkeit von Körperbewegungen waren nicht für die Gruppenzugehörigkeit prädiktiv. Schlussfolgerungen: Es lässt sich schlussfolgern, dass computerbasierte Messungen des nonverbalen Verhaltens zur Untersuchung nonverbaler Korrelate depressiver Störungen geeignet sind und dass psychomotorische Hemmung und emotionale Eintrübung nicht bei allen nonverbalen Charakteristika zu Tage treten.
Therapieziele und ihr Zusammenhang mit frühem Therapiefortschritt im ambulanten kognitiv-verhaltenstherapeutischen Setting
Authors: Kuhlencord Merle , Hagmayer York
Published: October 2021

Zusammenfassung. Hintergrund. Der Zusammenhang zwischen Inhalt und Ausrichtungsfokus von Therapiezielen und erfolgreichem Therapieverlauf ist wenig erforscht, wobei insbesondere eine mögliche Assoziation von Inhalt und Fokus vernachlässigt wurde. Fragestellung. Untersucht wurde die Assoziation von Therapiezielinhalt und -fokus und deren Zusammenhang mit frühem Therapiefortschritt. Methode. 716 Therapieziele von 163 Patientinnen und Patienten in ambulanter KVT wurden nach Inhalt und Fokus (Annäherung vs. Vermeidung) kategorisiert und der Zusammenhang von Zielart und Zielerreichung sowie Symptomreduktion nach 12 Sitzungen analysiert. Ergebnisse. Zielinhalt und –fokus waren assoziiert. Die fremdbeurteilte Zielerreichung war bei problembezogenen Annäherungszielen am höchsten. Die Symptomreduktion war dagegen am höchsten, wenn problembezogene Vermeidungsziele vorlagen. Schlussfolgerung. Therapiefortschritt steht im Zusammenhang mit den gesetzten Therapiezielen. Welche Therapiezielart, insbesondere welcher Fokus Therapiefortschritt und -erfolg begünstigt, bleibt weiterer zu erforschen. Dabei sollten zukünftig Zielinhalt und –fokus gemeinsam untersucht werden.
Simulated Spatial and Temporal Distribution of Freezing and Thawing Fronts in CAS‐FGOALS‐g3
Authors: Li Ruichao , Xie Jinbo , Xie Zhenghui , Gao Junqiang , Jia Binghao , Qin Peihua , Li Lijuan , Wang Bin , Yu Yongqiang , Dong Li , Wang Longhuan , Wang Yan , Liu Bin , Chen Si
Published: October 2021

In this study, we implement a new frozen‐soil parameterization scheme into the climate system model CAS‐FGOALS‐g3 to investigate the dynamic changes of freezing and thawing fronts and the effects arising from thermal processes and climate. Simulations are conducted using the developed model to validate its performance relative to multi‐source observations. It is shown that the model could reasonably reproduce soil freezing and thawing processes, including dynamic changes in freezing and thawing fronts. The historical simulation shows that the maximum freeze depth increases with an increase of latitude in seasonally frozen ground, and the active layer thickness decreases with an increase of latitude in permafrost regions. The active layer thickness shows increasing trends while the maximum freeze depth shows decreasing trends, which is consistent with change in the 2‐m air temperature. In conclusion, these results have the potential to further deepen our understanding of the freeze‐thaw cycle process and the historical response of permafrost to climate change.