bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Theory of correlated insulating behaviour and spin-triplet superconductivity in twisted double bilayer graphene
Authors: Lee Jong Yeon , Khalaf Eslam , Liu Shang , Liu Xiaomeng , Hao Zeyu , Kim Philip , Vishwanath Ashvin
Published: November 2019

Two graphene monolayers twisted by a small magic angle exhibit nearly flat bands, leading to correlated electronic states. Here we study a related but different system with reduced symmetry - twisted double bilayer graphene (TDBG), consisting of two Bernal stacked bilayer graphenes, twisted with respect to one another. Unlike the monolayer case, we show that isolated flat bands only appear on application of a vertical displacement field. We construct a phase diagram as a function of twist angle and displacement field, incorporating interactions via a Hartree-Fock approximation. At half-filling, ferromagnetic insulators are stabilized with valley Chern number $${C}_{{\rm{v}}}=\pm 2$$

C

v

=
±
2
. Upon doping, ferromagnetic fluctuations are argued to lead to spin-triplet superconductivity from pairing between opposite valleys. We highlight a novel orbital effect arising from in-plane fields plays an important role in interpreting experiments. Combined with recent experimental findings, our results establish TDBG as a tunable platform to realize rare phases in conventional solids.
Hepatocyte gene expression and DNA methylation as ancestry-dependent mechanisms in African Americans
Authors: Park C. S. , De T. , Xu Y. , Zhong Y. , Smithberger E. , Alarcon C. , Gamazon E. R. , Perera M. A.
Published: November 2019

African Americans (AAs) are an admixed population with widely varying proportion of West African ancestry (WAA). Here we report the correlation of WAA to gene expression and DNA methylation in AA-derived hepatocytes, a cell type important in disease and drug response. We perform mediation analysis to test whether methylation is a mediator of the effect of ancestry on expression. GTEx samples and a second cohort are used as validation. One hundred and thirty-one genes are associated with WAA (FDR < 0.10), 28 of which replicate and represent 220 GWAS phenotypes. Among PharmGKB pharmacogenes, VDR, PTGIS, ALDH1A1, CYP2C19, and P2RY1 nominally associate with WAA (p < 0.05). We find 1037 WAA-associated, differentially methylated regions (FDR < 0.05), with hypomethylated genes enriched in drug-response pathways. In conclusion, WAA contributes to variability in hepatocyte expression and DNA methylation with identified genes previously implicated for diseases disproportionately affecting AAs, including cardiovascular (PTGIS, PLAT) and renal (APOL1) disease, and drug response (CYP2C19).
Sex-dependent dominance maintains migration supergene in rainbow trout
Authors: Pearse Devon E. , Barson Nicola J. , Nome Torfinn , Gao Guangtu , Campbell Matthew A. , Abadía-Cardoso Alicia , Anderson Eric C. , Rundio David E. , Williams Thomas H. , Naish Kerry A. , Moen Thomas , Liu Sixin , Kent Matthew , Moser Michel , Minkley David R. , Rondeau Eric B. , Brieuc Marine S. O. , Sandve Simen Rød , Miller Michael R. , Cedillo Lucydalila , Baruch Kobi , Hernandez Alvaro G. , Ben-Zvi Gil , Shem-Tov Doron , Barad Omer , Kuzishchin Kirill , Garza John Carlos , Lindley Steven T. , Koop Ben F. , Thorgaard Gary H. , Palti Yniv , Lien Sigbjørn
Published: November 2019

Males and females often differ in their fitness optima for shared traits that have a shared genetic basis, leading to sexual conflict. Morphologically differentiated sex chromosomes can resolve this conflict and protect sexually antagonistic variation, but they accumulate deleterious mutations. However, how sexual conflict is resolved in species that lack differentiated sex chromosomes is largely unknown. Here we present a chromosome-anchored genome assembly for rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) and characterize a 55-Mb double-inversion supergene that mediates sex-specific migratory tendency through sex-dependent dominance reversal, an alternative mechanism for resolving sexual conflict. The double inversion contains key photosensory, circadian rhythm, adiposity and sex-related genes and displays a latitudinal frequency cline, indicating environmentally dependent selection. Our results show sex-dependent dominance reversal across a large autosomal supergene, a mechanism for sexual conflict resolution capable of protecting sexually antagonistic variation while avoiding the homozygous lethality and deleterious mutations associated with typical heteromorphic sex chromosomes.
Mode Selective Up-conversion Detection with Turbulence
Authors: Zhang He , Kumar Santosh , Huang Yu-Ping
Published: November 2019

We experimentally study a nonlinear optical approach to selective manipulation and detection of structured images mixed with turbulent noise. Unlike any existing adaptive-optics method by applying compensating modulation directly on the images, here we account for the turbulence indirectly, by modulating only the pump driving the nonlinear process but not the images themselves. This indirect approach eliminates any signal modulation loss or noise, while allowing more flexible and capable operations. Using specifically sum frequency generation in a lithium niobate crystal, we demonstrate selective upconversion of Laguerre-Gaussian spatial modes mixed with turbulent noise. The extinction reaches ~40 dB without turbulence, and maintains ~20 dB in the presence of strong turbulence. This technique could find utilities in classical and quantum communications, compressive imaging, pattern recognition, and so on.
Thioacetamide-induced liver damage and thrombocytopenia is associated with induction of antiplatelet autoantibody in mice
Authors: Lin You-Yen , Hu Chi-Tan , Sun Der-Shan , Lien Te-Sheng , Chang Hsin-Hou
Published: November 2019

Thrombocytopenia is usually associated with liver injury, elevated plasma aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase levels, and high antiplatelet immunoglobulin (Ig) titers, although the mechanism behind these effects remains elusive. Deciphering the mechanism behind acute liver disease–associated thrombocytopenia may help solve difficulties in routine patient care, such as liver biopsy, antiviral therapy, and surgery. To determine whether liver damage is sufficient per se to elicit thrombocytopenia, thioacetamide (TAA)-induced hepatitis rodent models were employed. The analysis results indicated that TAA treatment transiently induced an elevation of antiplatelet antibody titer in both rats and mice. B-cell-deficient (BCD) mice, which have loss of antibody expression, exhibited markedly less thrombocytopenia and liver damage than wild-type controls. Because TAA still induces liver damage in BCD mice, this suggests that antiplatelet Ig is one of the pathogenic factors, which play exacerbating role in the acute phase of TAA-induced hepatitis. TNF-α was differentially regulated in wild-type versus BCD mice during TAA treatment, and anti-TNF treatment drastically ameliorated antiplatelet Ig induction, thrombocytopenia, and liver injury, suggesting that the TNF pathway plays a critical role in the disease progression.
Symmetry-broken square silicon patches for ultra-narrowband light absorption
Authors: Yin Xin , Sang Tian , Qi Honglong , Li Guoqing , Wang Xun , Wang Jicheng , Wang Yueke
Published: November 2019

The effect of ultra-narrowband light absorption enhancement is presented by using metamaterials with symmetry-broken square silicon patches (SSPs). The symmetry of the SSP can be broken by introducing a narrow slit deviating from its center. By breaking the symmetry of the SSPs, slit resonance mode with standing wave patterns can be excited, and the locations of the absorption peaks can be well estimated by using the Fabry-Pérot (F-P) cavity model. Although there is no excitation of surface plasmon resonance, ultra-narrowband light absorption can be achieved by minimizing the reflectance through perfect impedance matching and simultaneously eliminating the transmittance by the metallic substrate. Good ultra-narrowband absorption features can be maintained as the parameters of the buffer layer and the SSPs are altered. When this type of symmetry-broken SSPs-based metamaterial is used in refractive-index sensors, it shows excellent sensing properties due to its stable ultra-narrowband absorption enhancement.
Hydrophobic/hydrophilic patterned surfaces for directed evaporative preconcentration
Authors: Tucker Ben , Hermann Matthias , Mainguy Alexa , Oleschuk Richard
Published: November 2019

We present a microfluidic platform that rapidly deposits many samples and preconcentrates them, making it suitable for a wide range of high-throughput detection schemes.
Reprogramming biological peptides to combat infectious diseases
Authors: Der Torossian Torres Marcelo , de la Fuente-Nunez Cesar
Published: November 2019

With the rapid spread of resistance among pathogens, novel approaches such as engineering synthetic antimicrobial peptides represent promising alternatives to currently available antibiotics.
Direct enantioselective Mannich reactions of α-azido cyclic ketones: asymmetric construction of chiral azides possessing an α-quaternary stereocenter
Authors: Ye Xueqian , Pan Yongkai , Yang Xiaoyu
Published: November 2019

Herein, we report the asymmetric synthesis of chiral azides possessing an α-quaternary stereocenter via chiral phosphoric acid catalysed direct enantioselective Mannich reactions of α-azido cyclic ketones with aldimines.
Infinite supramolecular pseudo-polyrotaxane with poly[3]catenane axle: assembling nanosized rings from mono- and diatomic I− and I2 tectons
Authors: Savastano Matteo , Bazzicalupi Carla , Gellini Cristina , Bianchi Antonio
Published: November 2019

Self-assembled infinite supramolecular pseudo-polyrotaxane with a poly[3]catenate axle sets a new goal for the complexity of polyiodide architectures, paving the way to solid-state conductors.
A lipase-responsive antifungal nanoplatform for synergistic photodynamic/photothermal/pharmaco-therapy of azole-resistantCandida albicansinfections
Authors: Yang Dongliang , Lv Xinyi , Xue Lei , Yang Nan , Hu Yanling , Weng Lixing , Fu Nina , Wang Lianhui , Dong Xiaochen
Published: November 2019

A lipase-triggered drug release nanoplatform was synthesized for synergistic photodynamic/photothermal/pharmaco-therapy of azole-resistantCandida albicansinfections.
A self-assembled liquid crystal honeycomb of highly stretched (3-1-1)-hexagons
Authors: Scholte Alexander , Hauche Sebastian , Wagner Matthias , Prehm Marko , Poppe Silvio , Chen Changlong , Liu Feng , Zeng Xiangbing , Ungar Goran , Tschierske Carsten
Published: November 2019

Polyphilic molecules form a new highly stretched liquid crystal honeycomb when the attached chains are too long for a regular hexagonal honeycomb and too short for a lamellar structure.
Crystal structure features of CH3NH3PbI3−xBrx hybrid perovskites prepared by ball milling: a route to more stable materials
Authors: López Carlos Alberto , Alvarez-Galván María Consuelo , Martínez-Huerta María Victoria , Fauth Francois , Alonso José Antonio
Published: November 2019

Hybrid organic–inorganic perovskites, MAPbX3 (MA: CH3–NH3+; X = halogen), prepared by ball milling are, by far, much more stable towards ambient conditions (air, humidity) than the conventional materials prepared from solution chemistry.
Crystallization of Ge in ion-irradiated amorphous-Ge/Au thin films
Authors: Maity G. , Ojha S. , Dubey S. , Kulriya P. K. , Sulania I. , Dhar S. , Som T. , Kanjilal D. , Patel Shiv P.
Published: November 2019

Herein, the structural, optical, and electrical properties of Au-induced crystallization in amorphous germanium (a-Ge) thin films are presented for future solar energy material applications.
Theoretical insights into the effect of the overpotential on CO electroreduction mechanisms on Cu(111): regulation and application of electrode potentials from a CO coverage-dependent electrochemical model
Authors: Ou Lihui , Chen Junxiang
Published: November 2019

The electron transfer into the π antibonding orbital of CO leads to increasing overpotential and weaker CO bonding with the Cu surface.
Bi3TaO7 film: a promising photoelectrode for photoelectrochemical water splitting
Authors: Song Qinggong , Wu Peidong , Sarkar Samrat , Zhao Yufeng , Liu Zhifeng
Published: November 2019

Most of the transition metal bismuth salts have excellent visible absorption range and carrier transport properties due to their unique structure capable of orbits and s–p bonds.
Automated standard dilution analysis
Authors: Jones Willis B. , Donati George L. , Calloway Clifton P. , Jones Bradley T.
Published: November 2019

Automated standard dilution analysis provides rapid, accurate, and precise calibrations, correcting for both matrix effects and source fluctuations.
A tunable filter for high molecular weight DNA selection and linked-read sequencing
Authors: Milon Nicolas , Fuentes Rojas Juan-Luis , Castinel Adrien , Bigot Laurent , Bouwmans Géraud , Baudelle Karen , Boutonnet Audrey , Gibert Audrey , Bouchez Olivier , Donnadieu Cécile , Ginot Frédéric , Bancaud Aurélien
Published: November 2019

In third generation sequencing, long DNA molecules of more than ∼20 kbp are needed to obtain quality sequence data. Here we report a versatile technology for DNA size selection that fulfills this requirement.
Advances in chemistry and bioactivity of parthenolide
Authors: Freund Robert R. A. , Gobrecht Philipp , Fischer Dietmar , Arndt Hans-Dieter
Published: November 2019

(−)-Parthenolide is a germacrane sesquiterpene lactone, available in ample amounts from the traditional medical plant feverfew (Tanacetum parthenium).
An atom-economical and regioselective metal-free C-5 chalcogenation of 8-aminoquinolines under mild conditions
Authors: Kumar Vipin , Banert Klaus , Ray Devalina , Saha Biswajit
Published: November 2019

An ecofriendly, atom-economical, iodine-catalyzed, regioselective C-5 chalcogenation of 8-aminoquinolines and its application in the late stage derivatization of primaquine analogues under mild conditions has been established.
Synthesis of lactone-fused pyrroles by ruthenium-catalyzed 1,2-carbon migration-cycloisomerization
Authors: Watanabe Takuma , Mutoh Yuichiro , Saito Shinichi
Published: November 2019

Synthesis of lactone-fused pyrroles including pharmaceutically important Ningalin B derivatives has been achieved by ruthenium-catalyzed 1,2-carbon migration/cyclization reaction.
Star-shaped triarylamine-based hole-transport materials in perovskite solar cells
Authors: Fuentes Pineda Rosinda , Zems Yaroslav , Troughton Joel , Niazi Muhammad R. , Perepichka Dmitrii F. , Watson Trystan , Robertson Neil
Published: November 2019

Two star-shaped HTMs with excellent optoelectronic, electrochemical, charge-transport and thermal properties show efficiencies of 13.32% and 11.52% in perovskite solar cells.
A facile method to synthesize strong salt-enhanced hydrogels based on reversible physical interaction
Authors: Zhang Baichao , Wang Chao , Wang Yinchuan , Li Tao , Zhai Kankan , Zhang Fan , Bai Yungang , Tan Ying , Ma Yuqin , Xu Kun , Wang Pixin
Published: November 2019

Penetration of small molecule salt into the hydrogel can make the network collapse such that C–F units come closer and easily form associative crosslinks.
DDAH-2 alleviates contrast medium iopromide-induced acute kidney injury through nitric oxide synthase
Authors: Lin Heng-Huei , Lee Tzong-Shyuan , Lin Shing-Jong , Yeh Yi-Chen , Lu Tse-Min , Hsu Chiao-Po
Published: November 2019

Background: Contrast medium-induced acute kidney injury (CI-AKI) is one of the most common causes of hospital-acquired acute renal failure. However, the pathogenesis of CI-AKI remains unclear. Asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA) is an endogenous nitric oxide synthase (NOS) inhibitor that is largely metabolised by dimethylarginine dimethylaminohydroxylase (DDAH) in humans. Two isoforms of DDAH exist, namely, DDAH-1 and DDAH-2. In the present study, we examined whether the DDAH-2/ADMA/NOS pathway is involved in the pathogenesis of CI-AKI.

Methods and Results: Exposure to the contrast medium iopromide led to increase in creatinine and blood urea nitrogen (BUN) levels, accumulation of ADMA, increase in reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, and an inflammatory response in mice kidney tissue. The injection of adenovirus-harbouring DDAH-2 lowered renal ADMA levels and had a reno-protective effect against contrast-medium injury by decreasing cell apoptosis, ROS, and fibrosis. By contrast, contrast medium-induced renal injury was exacerbated in heterozygous DDAH-2 knockout mice. In the in vitro study, overexpression of DDAH-2 increased the levels of nitrite and intracellular cGMP, while the DDAH-2 knockdown induced the opposite effect. These findings were also observed in the in vivo sample.

Conclusions: Our findings provide the first evidence that the DDAH-2/ADMA/NOS pathway is involved in the pathogenesis of CI-AKI and that the protective effect of DDAH-2 probably arises from the modulation of NOS activity, oxidative stress, and the inflammatory process.
Awareness of the Profession of Audiology Among Ethnically Diverse Adolescents: A Pre- and Post-Education Study
Authors: Deshpande Shruti Balvalli
Published: November 2019

Purpose

The purpose of this study was to investigate knowledge about the profession of Audiology among adolescents from diverse backgrounds before, immediately after, and 6 months after an educational program on the profession of Audiology.

Method

Adolescents (
N
= 152) from ethnically diverse backgrounds responded to a survey investigating their awareness about Audiology. Thereafter, they participated in an educational program on the profession of Audiology. One third of the participants were invited to respond to the survey immediately after the educational program. Six months after the educational program, 120 of the original sample of 152 participants responded again to the survey in order to assess if the gains from the educational program were retained.

Results

The results from the baseline survey indicated that approximately 25% of participants were aware about the profession of Audiology. None of the participants reported that balance assessment or management was within the scope of practice of audiologists in the baseline survey. The chi-square test indicated that the educational program resulted in significant enhancement in awareness about the profession of Audiology immediately after education. Results also indicated that the gains in knowledge were retained 6 months after education.

Conclusion

In light of the existing literature, it is clear that there is a need to recruit an ethnically diverse talent pool of individuals who will choose a career in Audiology in the forthcoming decades. Preliminary results from this study could be helpful in strategizing efforts to improve the visibility of Audiology to younger college aspirants. Advantages of reaching to school-age students at grassroots levels and educating them about the profession of Audiology are discussed in this article.
Evaluation of Parent- and Speech-Language Pathologist–Delivered Multiple Oppositions Intervention for Children With Phonological Impairment: A Multiple-Baseline Design Study
Authors: Sugden Eleanor , Baker Elise , Williams A. Lynn , Munro Natalie , Trivette Carol M.
Published: November 2019

Purpose

Evidence for the multiple oppositions intervention approach indicates it should be delivered 3 times weekly; however, this high dose frequency is not provided by many speech-language pathologists worldwide. This study investigated whether parents could be involved in delivering phonological intervention to fulfill this intensity shortfall.

Method

Five children with moderate-to-severe phonological impairment aged 3;3–5;11 (years;months) and 1 of their parents participated in this study using a multiple-baseline across participants design. Participants attended one 60-min clinic-based session per week for 8 weeks, and parents completed home practice 2 times per week over this period after receiving training. Parents also attended a 60-min training session prior to commencing intervention.

Results

All children showed a treatment effect to treated words. Three of the 5 children demonstrated a large effect size for generalization to nontreatment words, with 1 child demonstrating a moderate effect and 1 child demonstrating no effect. However, all children showed qualitative changes to their speech system. Three of the 5 children experienced significant changes to communicative participation. Measures of treatment fidelity indicated that parents were able to competently deliver the intervention both within the clinic and at home.

Conclusions

Combined parent- and speech-language pathologist–delivered multiple oppositions intervention is effective for some children with moderate-to-severe phonological impairment. The findings indicate that parents can be trained to competently and confidently deliver phonological intervention. Further evidence is needed to identify optimal child and parent characteristics most suited to this modified service delivery approach.

Supplemental Material

https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.10565885
Properties of the dense core population in Orion B as seen by the Herschel Gould Belt survey
Authors: Könyves V. , André Ph. , Arzoumanian D. , Schneider N. , Men’shchikov A. , Bontemps S. , Ladjelate B. , Didelon P. , Pezzuto S. , Benedettini M. , Bracco A. , Di Francesco J. , Goodwin S. , Rygl K. L. J. , Shimajiri Y. , Spinoglio L. , Ward-Thompson D. , White G. J.
Published: November 2019

We present a detailed study of the Orion B molecular cloud complex (d ~ 400 pc), which was imaged with the PACS and SPIRE photometric cameras at wavelengths from 70 to 500 μm as part of the Herschel Gould Belt survey (HGBS). We release new high-resolution maps of column density and dust temperature for the whole complex, derived in the same consistent manner as for other HGBS regions. In the filamentary subregions NGC 2023 and 2024, NGC 2068 and 2071, and L1622, a total of 1768 starless dense cores were identified based on Herschel data, 490–804 (~28−45%) of which are self-gravitating prestellar cores that will likely form stars in the future. A total of 76 protostellar dense cores were also found. The typical lifetime of the prestellar cores was estimated to be tpreOrionB = 1.7−0.6+0.8Myr. The prestellar core mass function (CMF) derived for the whole sample of prestellar cores peaks at ~0.5 M⊙ (in dN/dlogM format) and is consistent with a power-law with logarithmic slope −1.27 ± 0.24 at the high-mass end, compared to the Salpeter slope of − 1.35. In the Orion B region, we confirm the existence of a transition in prestellar core formation efficiency (CFE) around a fiducial value AVbg ~ 7 mag in background visual extinction, which is similar to the trend observed with Herschel in other regions, such as the Aquila cloud. This is not a sharp threshold, however, but a smooth transition between a regime with very low prestellar CFE at AVbg < 5 and a regime with higher, roughly constant CFE at AVbg ≳ 10. The total mass in the form of prestellar cores represents only a modest fraction (~20%) of the dense molecular cloud gas above AVbg ≳ 7 mag. About 60–80% of the prestellar cores are closely associated with filaments, and this fraction increases up to >90% when a more complete sample of filamentary structures is considered. Interestingly, the median separation observed between nearest core neighbors corresponds to the typical inner filament width of ~0.1 pc, which is commonly observed in nearby molecular clouds, including Orion B. Analysis of the CMF observed as a function of background cloud column density shows that the most massive prestellar cores are spatially segregated in the highest column density areas, and suggests that both higher- and lower-mass prestellar cores may form in denser filaments.
The ISM scaling relations in DustPedia late-type galaxies: A benchmark study for the Local Universe
Authors: Casasola V. , Bianchi S. , De Vis P. , Magrini L. , Corbelli E. , Clark C. J. R. , Fritz J. , Nersesian A. , Viaene S. , Baes M. , Cassarà L. P. , Davies J. , De Looze I. , Dobbels W. , Galametz M. , Galliano F. , Jones A. P. , Madden S. C. , Mosenkov A. V. , Trčka A. , Xilouris E.
Published: November 2019

Aims.The purpose of this work is the characterization of the main scaling relations between all of the interstellar medium (ISM) components, namely dust, atomic, molecular, and total gas, and gas-phase metallicity, as well as other galaxy properties, such as stellar mass (Mstar) and galaxy morphology, for late-type galaxies in the Local Universe.

Methods.This study was performed by extracting late-type galaxies from the entire DustPedia sample and by exploiting the large and homogeneous dataset available thanks to the DustPedia project. The sample consists of 436 galaxies with morphological stage spanning fromT= 1−10,Mstarfrom 6 × 107to 3 × 1011M⊙, star formation rate from 6 × 10−4to 60M⊙yr−1, and oxygen abundance from 12 + log(O/H) = 8−9.5. Molecular and atomic gas data were collected from the literature and properly homogenized. All the masses involved in our analysis refer to the values within the optical disks of galaxies. The scaling relations involving the molecular gas are studied by assuming both a constant and a metallicity-dependent CO-to-H2conversion factor (XCO). The analysis was performed by means of the survival analysis technique, in order to properly take into account the presence of both detection and nondetection in the data.

Results.We confirm that the dust mass correlates very well with the total gas mass, and find –for the first time– that the dust mass correlates better with the atomic gas mass than with the molecular one. We characterize important mass ratios such as the gas fraction, the molecular-to-atomic gas mass ratio, the dust-to-total gas mass ratio (DGR), and the dust-to-stellar mass ratio, and study how they relate to each other, to galaxy morphology, and to gas-phase metallicity. Only the assumption of a metallicity-dependentXCOreproduces the expected decrease of the DGR with increasing morphological stage and decreasing gas-phase metallicity, with a slope of about 1. The DGR, the gas-phase metallicity, and the dust-to-stellar mass ratio are, for our galaxy sample, directly linked to galaxy morphology. The molecular-to-atomic gas mass ratio and the DGR show a positive correlation for low molecular gas fractions, but for galaxies rich in molecular gas this trend breaks down. To our knowledge, this trend has never been found before, and provides new constraints for theoretical models of galaxy evolution and a reference for high-redshift studies. We discuss several scenarios related to this finding.

Conclusions.The DustPedia database of late-type galaxies is an extraordinary tool for the study of the ISM scaling relations, thanks to its homogeneous collection of data for the different ISM components. The database is made publicly available to the whole community.
The young massive SMC cluster NGC 330 seen by MUSE
Authors: Bodensteiner J. , Sana H. , Mahy L. , Patrick L. R. , de Koter A. , de Mink S. E. , Evans C. J. , Götberg Y. , Langer N. , Lennon D. J. , Schneider F. R. N. , Tramper F.
Published: November 2019

Context.A majority of massive stars are part of binary systems, a large fraction of which will inevitably interact during their lives. Binary-interaction products (BiPs), that is, stars affected by such interaction, are expected to be commonly present in stellar populations. BiPs are thus a crucial ingredient in the understanding of stellar evolution.

Aims.We aim to identify and characterize a statistically significant sample of BiPs by studying clusters of 10 − 40 Myr, an age at which binary population models predict the abundance of BiPs to be highest. One example of such a cluster is NGC 330 in the Small Magellanic Cloud.

Methods.Using MUSE WFM-AO observations of NGC 330, we resolved the dense cluster core for the first time and were able to extract spectra of its entire massive star population. We developed an automated spectral classification scheme based on the equivalent widths of spectral lines in the red part of the spectrum.

Results.We characterize the massive star content of the core of NGC 330, which contains more than 200 B stars, 2 O stars, 6 A-type supergiants, and 11 red supergiants. We find a lower limit on the Be star fraction of 32 ± 3% in the whole sample. It increases to at least 46 ± 10% when we only consider stars brighter thanV = 17 mag. We estimate an age of the cluster core between 35 and 40 Myr and a total cluster mass of 88−18+17× 103M⊙.

Conclusions.We find that the population in the cluster core is different than the population in the outskirts: while the stellar content in the core appears to be older than the stars in the outskirts, the Be star fraction and the observed binary fraction are significantly higher. Furthermore, we detect several BiP candidates that will be subject of future studies.
Pareto Joint Inversion of 2D magnetometric and gravity data- synthetic study
Authors: Danek Tomasz , Leśniak Andrzej , Miernik Katarzyna , Śledź Elżbieta
Published: November 2019

Pareto joint inversion for two or more data sets is an attractive and promising tool which eliminates target functions weighing and scaling, providing a set of acceptable solutions composing a Pareto front. In former author’s study MARIA (Modular Approach Robust Inversion Algorithm) was created as a flexible software based on global optimization engine (PSO) to obtain model parameters in process of Pareto joint inversion of two geophysical data sets. 2D magnetotelluric and gravity data were used for preliminary tests, but the software is ready to handle data from more than two geophysical methods. In this contribution, the authors’ magnetometric forward solver was implemented and integrated with MARIA. The gravity and magnetometry forward solver was verified on synthetic models. The tests were performed for different models of a dyke and showed, that even when the starting model is a homogeneous area without anomaly, it is possible to recover the shape of a small detail of the real model. Results showed that the group analysis of models on the Pareto front gives more information than the single best model. The final stage of interpretation is the raster map of Pareto front solutions analysis.
Load Capacity of steel arches with shotcrete coating
Authors: Ficek Paweł , Kuczowicz Krzysztof , Wróbel Szymon , Rotkegel Marek
Published: November 2019

The shotcrete technology (application of a concrete layer) is widely used in coal mines. The applied layer of shotcrete to the underground workings support, changes the load capacity of the entire supporting system (and its elements). The coating of shotcrete is several times cheaper, faster and safer compared to the traditional reconstruction of the roadways - replacement of the supports. Appropriate selection of shotcrete parameters will allow applying shotcrete to places previously dedicated for reconstruction, and thus reduce the financial resources consumed in the mines for the reconstruction of underground workings. The article presents a method of testing steel arch supports covered with shotcrete, a station for weighting support section and a test plan.
Differences in selected areas of social capital regarding residence
Authors: Almasiova Angela , Kohutova Katarina , Gejdosova Zuzana
Published: November 2019

Introduction.In addition to a massive increase in interest in the concept of social capital in the social sciences, the research has shown its considerable impact on various areas of human life. OECD points to the correlation between social capital and health and points out that social isolation is associated with misery and disease.Aim.The contribution aims at pointing out the differences in selected indicators of social capital, focusing on the participation and social involvement of respondents in their place of residence.Results.Quantitative research was conducted using the questionnaire method, which was compiled from the Social Capital Question Bank database, covered by the UK Statistical Office. Result Cluster analysis divided respondents into those with higher and lower social capital, and comparative analysis showed significant differences in selected indicators of social capital between urban and rural respondents.Conclusions.Respondents from cities and rural areas differ in the level of social capital in our areas of interest: Participation or involvement in local groups, Political activity or voting, Taking positive action about a local issue, Participation in religious activity, Completed or received a practical favour, Familiarity with neighbourhood, Provide regular service, help or care for others.
Meaning of profiling of cybercriminals in the security context
Authors: Kipane Aldona
Published: November 2019

In this article, the author analyzes the criminological aspects of profiling of cybercriminals. The development and trends of crime are affected by both the globalization process and the development of information technology. All over the world, crime, disorder and riots are causing more and more troubles and worries for people. Nowadays, cybercrime or criminal offenses committed in the Internet environment take a stable position in the overall mass of criminal offenses. Cyberspace is easy to use to harm an individual, a group of people, or a country as a whole. The role of profiling cybercriminals is determined by the tasks of law enforcement authorities. The profile of cybercriminal combines the personal traits of cybercriminal, behavioural patterns, and demographic data based on cybercrime characteristics.
The problems of access to justice in rural areas (on the example of Ukraine)
Authors: Lapkin Andrii
Published: November 2019

In this scientific article, problems of access to justice in rural areas in Ukraine are considered. It is proved that for the people living in rural areas it is necessary to consider access to justice as possibility of free application to justice system for protection of their rights that is without any obstacles or difficulties. However in need of application to a court the rural dwellers face a lot of problems, such as: territorial, economic and organizational. Territorial problems relate to territorial distance of judicial authorities from rural areas. Economic problems relate to high level of court expenses and low financial well-being of rural dwellers. Organizational problems relate to absence of the necessary infrastructure in rural areas facilitating access to court (lack of transport infrastructure, absence of high-speed Internet and possibility to use technologies of “electronic justice”). The conclusion is that for the solution of this problem it is possible to offer the following steps: general development of infrastructure in rural areas; formation of judicial system on the basis of uniform territorial distribution; reduction of court expenses for dwellers of rural areas proportionally to the level of their incomes; development of institution of lay justice operating in rural areas.
Conditions for the legal commencement of an armed attack
Authors: Upeniece Vita
Published: November 2019

The Charter of the United Nations provides that: “Nothing in the present Charter shall impair the inherent right of individual or collective self-defence if an armed attack occurs…”. In certain cases, it is difficult to find a clear answer to the question – what action is recognised as an armed attack according to the Article 51 of the UN Charter. The aim of the research is to analyze this problematic question, as well as the issue – when an armed attack begins, and as a result of the analyses of these issues, to describe the conditions for the legal use of force for self-defence.
The impact of diagnosis on the psychosocial and spiritual needs of the patients
Authors: Kralova Anna , Hlinkova Sona
Published: November 2019

Introduction: Holistic care focuses on the relationship between the body, mind, and spirit. Spiritual needs are among the basic needs of the individual. From the physical and spiritual dimension and the interaction of these two dimensions, the spiritual needs of the person are developed. Aim:The aim of our study was to analyze if the patient's knowledge regarding their diagnosis and possible proximity of death have significant impact on satisfaction of psychological and spiritual needs. Material and Methods:In our study we used standardized questionnaire The Spiritual Needs Assessment for Patient – SNAP constructed by Sharma Rashmi, applied for 113 respondents and processed by SPSS statistical program. Results:Reliability of questionnaire is given by Cronbach's Alpha 0.945 for the total SNAP. A statistically significant difference at the level p < 0.01 has been confirmed in all questions among respondents with fatal diagnosis and respondents with not life-threatening diagnosis. In domain of psychosocial needs, significant difference was not confirmed regarding to gender, age, education, income, religion and place of residency. In domain of spiritual needs, significant difference was partially confirmed regarding religion in 4 questions from 13. Conclusion:Faced with chronic or fatal diseases, many patients rely on dealing with spiritual and religious issues. In fact, spirituality/religiosity can be considered an important source of support and management of severe chronic diseases. It is possible to identify the four basic dimensions of spiritual need: interconnection, peace, meaning/purpose, and transcendence. Patients often have the problem addressing their needs for related psychosocial and physical problems such as physical disability, fatigue, sleep disorders, side effects of treatment, etc. Importance of satisfaction of psychosocial and spiritual needs is increased in time of threat, fatal diagnosis.
A long (7 cm) prophylactic pancreatic stent decreases incidence of post-endoscopic papillectomy pancreatitis: a retrospective study
Authors: Minami Kazuhiro , Iwasaki Eisuke , Kawasaki Shintaro , Fukuhara Seiichiro , Seino Takashi , Katayama Tadashi , Takimoto Yoichi , Tamagawa Hiroki , Machida Yujiro , Horibe Masayasu , Kitago Minoru , Ogata Haruhiko , Kanai Takanori
Published: November 2019

Background and study aims Endoscopic papillectomy (EP) is a minimally invasive treatment for ampullary neoplasms and is recognized as an alternative treatment to surgical resection; however, there are few reports on a suitable pancreatic stent (PS) after EP for preventing pancreatitis. The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of a long PS after EP.

Patients and methods In this retrospective single-center study, 39 patients with pathologically proven ampullary neoplasms who underwent EP between March 2012 and August 2018 were enrolled. The study participants were divided into two subgroups according to the PS length: those with a PS shorter than 5 cm (short PS group, n = 17) and those with a PS of 7 cm (long PS group, n = 22). The incidence of adverse events and risk factors for pancreatitis were evaluated.

Results The diameter of all PSs was 5 Fr. Post-EP pancreatitis occurred in nine patients (23.1 %), with two cases of severe pancreatitis (5.1 %). Pancreatitis occurred more frequently in the short PS group (7/17, 41.2 %) than in the long PS group (2/22, 9.1 %) (P = 0.026). There were no significant differences between the two groups in terms of other adverse events. Univariate and multivariate analyses showed that a long PS was the only factor associated with a decreased incidence of post-EP pancreatitis (P = 0.042; odds ratio, 0.16; 95 % confidence interval, 0.027–0.94).

Conclusion A long (7 cm) PS significantly decreased incidence of pancreatitis after EP. Prospective randomized studies with a larger number of patients and wider range of PS lengths are required.
Investigation of light ion fusion reactions with plasma discharges
Authors: Schenkel T. , Persaud A. , Wang H. , Seidl P. A. , MacFadyen R. , Nelson C. , Waldron W. L. , Vay J.-L. , Deblonde G. , Wen B. , Chiang Y.-M. , MacLeod B. P. , Ji Q.
Published: November 2019

The scaling of reaction yields in light ion fusion to low reaction energies is important for our understanding of stellar fuel chains and the development of future energy technologies. Experiments become progressively more challenging at lower reaction energies due to the exponential drop of fusion cross sections below the Coulomb barrier. We report on experiments where deuterium-deuterium (D-D) fusion reactions are studied in a pulsed plasma in the glow discharge regime using a benchtop apparatus. We model plasma conditions using particle-in-cell codes. Advantages of this approach are relatively high peak ion currents and current densities (0.1 to several A/cm2) that can be applied to metal wire cathodes for several days. We detect neutrons from D-D reactions with scintillator-based detectors. For palladium targets, we find neutron yields as a function of cathode voltage that are over 100 times higher than yields expected for bare nuclei fusion at ion energies below 2 keV (center of mass frame). A possible explanation is a correction to the ion energy due to an electron screening potential of 1000 ± 250 eV, which increases the probability for tunneling through the repulsive Coulomb barrier. Our compact, robust setup enables parametric studies of this effect at relatively low reaction energies.
Achieve single domain state in (111)-oriented rhombohedral phase PMN-PT relaxor ferroelectric single crystals for electro-optical application
Authors: Hu Qingyuan , Yang Rui , Zhao Ye , Zhao Weigang , Liu Xin , Fu Xiaotian , Luan Peng , Song Kexin , Zhuang Yongyong , Xu Zhuo , Shur Vladimir Ya , Wei Xiaoyong
Published: November 2019

An electro-optic (EO) modulator is one of the most important optical devices and has been widely used in the photonic industry. Performance of EO modulators mainly depends on the property of EO materials. Here, the EO property of the (111)-oriented single domain rhombohedra phase (1-x)Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O3-xPbTiO3 (PMN-PT) single crystal is investigated. Due to the light scattering by domain walls, a single domain crystal is essential and has been well prepared here by a thermal annealing and high temperature poling process. It is found that domains become irregular with significantly decreased dimension after annealing, which indicates that the ferroelastic domain walls are eliminated. A crack-free single domain crystal shows excellent optical quality, with a high transmittance of approximately 70% in near-infrared regions. Finally, the effective EO coefficient of the (111)-oriented rhombohedral phase PMN-PT crystal is measured by a Senarmont compensator amplitude modulator. An effective EO coefficient of 112 pm/V is obtained in the (111)-oriented rhombohedral phase PMN-PT crystal, which is much higher than that of the commercial LiNbO3 crystal, indicating the potential for use in compact and low driving voltage EO devices.
Asymmetric spin dependent scattering at the interfaces of Si/La0.7Sr0.3MnO3/ZnO heterostructures
Authors: Das Bibekananda , Padhan Prahallad
Published: November 2019

A ferromagnetic 120 Å thick La0.7Sr0.3MnO3 (LSMO) film grown on (001)Si using the sputtering deposition technique demonstrates a large positive in-plane magnetoresistance (MR) at 10 K, in the field window of ±0.084 kG  to±0.405 kG, although the bulk LSMO exhibits negative MR. Around the coercive field (∼179 G), the positive MR becomes ∼ 11%. The positive MR of the LSMO thin film is explained by the charge transfer driven localized strong antiferromagnetic coupling at the Si−LSMO interface, which favors the reduction of the Curie temperature TC of LSMO compared to that of its bulk value. The construction of the interface on the top surface of LSMO with ZnO thin films further reduces TC ∼ 30 K and the positive MR decreases to ∼ 1% for 45° oriented in-plane current with the in-plane field. The coupling through Mn−O−Zn at the LSMO−ZnO interface preserves the charge state, and the weak exchange coupling at the (La/Sr)O−ZnO interface reduces the spin-dependent scattering process under the field and thereby, the negative MR. The reduced TC and in-plane low-field MR at 10 K of a series of Si/LSMO/ZnO are the same irrespective of the ZnO thickness, which confirms their interfacial origin. The presence of interfacial spin disorder at the Si−LSMO interface is further confirmed from the increase in resistance at low temperatures, which is explained by the Kondo like effect and quantum interference effect. Our investigations show that the technologically important interfacial magnetic coupling and magnetoresistance could be achieved and manipulated by the selective interfacial exchange coupling.
Dynamical equivalence between Kuramoto models with first- and higher-order coupling
Authors: Delabays Robin
Published: November 2019

The Kuramoto model with high-order coupling has recently attracted some attention in the field of coupled oscillators in order, for instance, to describe clustering phenomena in sets of coupled agents. Instead of considering interactions given directly by the sine of oscillators’ angle differences, the interaction is given by the sum of sines of integer multiples of these angle differences. This can be interpreted as a Fourier decomposition of a general 2π-periodic interaction function. We show that in the case where only one multiple of the angle differences is considered, which we refer to as the “Kuramoto model with simple qth-order coupling,” the system is dynamically equivalent to the original Kuramoto model. In other words, any property of the Kuramoto model with simple higher-order coupling can be recovered from the standard Kuramoto model.
Large electrocaloric response over a broad temperature range near room temperature in BaxSr1−xTiO3 single crystals
Authors: Shan D. L. , Pan K. , Lei C. H. , Peng J. L. , He N. B. , Pan J. Y. , Jin H. Y. , Liu Y. Y.
Published: November 2019

A nonlinear thermodynamic analysis is adopted to study the electrocaloric effect of BaxSr1−xTiO3 (BST) solid solutions. The results reveal that the location of maximum adiabatic temperature change ΔT can be shifted from a high temperature to room temperature via tuning chemical composition x. Comparing the electrocaloric properties of BST with those values reported in other electrocaloric materials, it is found that BST with x=0.7 shows a large electrocaloric response over a broad temperature range near room temperature and possesses a large electrocaloric strength ΔT/ΔE∼1.978×10−6 K m/V due to a significant change in polarization with respect to temperature. This suggests that BST with high electrocaloric performance has potential for practical cooling applications.
Thermal droop in high-quality InGaN LEDs
Authors: David Aurelien , Young Nathan G. , Lund Cory , Craven Michael D.
Published: November 2019

Thermal droop is investigated in high-quality InGaN light-emitting diodes (LEDs). To determine whether it is caused by intrinsic variations in recombination or by transport effects, photoluminescence and electroluminescence measurements are compared. The former does not show signs of pronounced thermal droop, with a near-constant internal quantum efficiency and recombination lifetime, regardless of temperature. In contrast, strong thermal droop is observed in the latter, pointing to transport effects as a leading contributor. Finally, high-efficiency LEDs with near-ideal thermal droop are demonstrated.