bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Kansei Analysis of the Japanese Residential Garden and Development of a Low-Cost Virtual Reality Kansei Engineering System for Gardens
Authors: Matsubara Tatsuro , Ishihara Shigekazu , Nagamachi Mitsuo , Matsubara Yukihiro
Published: July 2011

Residential garden design using Kansei engineering is a challenging problem. Landscaping components, such as rocks, trees, and ponds, are widely diversified and have a large number of possible arrangements. This large number of design alternatives makes conventional analyses, such as linear regression and its variations like Quantification Theory Type I (QT1), inapplicable for analyzing the relationships between design elements and the Kansei evaluation. We applied a partial least squares (PLS) model that effectively deals with a large number of predictor variables. The multiple correlation coefficient of the PLS analysis was much higher than that of the QT1 analysis. The results of the analyses were used to create a low-cost virtual reality Kansei engineering system that permits visualization of garden designs corresponding to selected Kansei words. To render complex garden scenes, we developed an original 3D computation and rendering library built on Java. The garden is shown in public-view style with stereo 3D graphic projection. The rendering is scalable from low to high resolution and enables drop object shadowing, which is indispensable for considering the effect of daytime changes in insolation. Visualizing the garden design based on Kansei analysis could facilitate collaboration between the designer and customer in the design process.
Molecular Imaging in Tumor Angiogenesis and Relevant Drug Research
Authors: Ma Xibo , Tian Jie , Yang Xin , Qin Chenghu
Published: July 2011

Molecular imaging, including fluorescence imaging (FMI), bioluminescence imaging (BLI), positron emission tomography (PET), single-photon emission-computed tomography (SPECT), and computed tomography (CT), has a pivotal role in the process of tumor and relevant drug research. CT, especially Micro-CT, can provide the anatomic information for a region of interest (ROI); PET and SPECT can provide functional information for the ROI. BLI and FMI can provide optical information for an ROI. Tumor angiogenesis and relevant drug development is a lengthy, high-risk, and costly process, in which a novel drug needs about 10–15 years of testing to obtain Federal Drug Association (FDA) approval. Molecular imaging can enhance the development process by understanding the tumor mechanisms and drug activity. In this paper, we focus on tumor angiogenesis, and we review the characteristics of molecular imaging modalities and their applications in tumor angiogenesis and relevant drug research.
Al@SiO2Core-Shell Microflakes as Metal-Based Light Scattering Layer in Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells
Authors: Chien Chi-Hui , Tsai Ming-Lang , Hsieh Chi-Chang , Li Yan-Huei
Published: August 2011

A metal-based light scattering layer (MLSL) for dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) is formed from Al@SiO2core-shell microflakes prepared and coated on a thin porous TiO2electrode (approximately 4 μm thick). The DSSC corresponding to a TiO2electrode with an MLSL exhibits a low electron transport resistance in the TiO2/electrolyte interface. Electron collection efficiency is greatly improved. Photovoltaic performance measurements indicate that the power conversion efficiency of the DSSC with the MLSL doubled from 1.37% to 2.96% (for an active area of 0.25 cm2), which is better than the 2.1% achieved by a DSSC with a conventional TiO2-based light scattering layer (TLSL) obtained under identical experimental conditions.
Simethicone for the Preparation before Esophagogastroduodenoscopy
Authors: Ahsan Majid , Babaei Leila , Gholamrezaei Ali , Emami Mohammad Hassan
Published: August 2011

Aim. The presence of air bubbles and foam in stomach and duodenum is a common problem during esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD). Methods. Candidates of elective EGD received 40 mg chewable tablet of simethicone (n=90) or placebo (n=83), with 30 mL water, 15–30 min before the EGD. Foam/air bubbles during endoscopy were assessed and graded on a 4-point scale, and patients' satisfaction with the endoscopy was scored from 0 to 10. Results. The amount of gastric but not duodenal foam/air bubbles was significantly lower in the simethicone group compared with the placebo group (P=0.002). Duration of endoscopy was, on average, one minute shorter in the simethicone group compared with the placebo group (P<0.001). Patients' satisfaction with the procedure was the same in the two groups. Conclusion. Administration of simethicone prior to EGD reduces the amount of gastric foam and bubbles and provides better visibility for evaluating the mucosa. It also decreases the duration of endoscopy. Further trials are required to find the final effect of the drug on diagnosis of pathological lesions.
Effect of Localized Mechanical Indentation on Skin Water Content Evaluated Using OCT
Authors: Gurjarpadhye Abhijit A. , Vogt William C. , Liu Yajing , Rylander Christopher G.
Published: August 2011

The highly disordered refractive index distribution in skin causes multiple scattering of incident light and limits optical imaging and therapeutic depth. We hypothesize that localized mechanical compression reduces scattering by expulsing unbound water from the dermal collagen matrix, increasing protein concentration and decreasing the number of index mismatch interfaces between tissue constituents. A swept-source optical coherence tomography (OCT) system was used to assess changes in thickness and group refractive index inex vivoporcine skin, as well as changes in signal intensity profile when imagingin vivohuman skin. Compression ofex vivoporcine skin resulted in an effective strain of −58.5%, an increase in refractive index from 1.39 to 1.50, and a decrease in water volume fraction from 0.66 to 0.20.In vivoOCT signal intensity increased by 1.5 dB at a depth of 1 mm, possibly due to transport of water away from the compressed regions. These finding suggest that local compression could be used to enhance light-based diagnostic and therapeutic techniques.
Autism: A “Critical Period” Disorder?
Authors: LeBlanc Jocelyn J. , Fagiolini Michela
Published: August 2011

Cortical circuits in the brain are refined by experience during critical periods early in postnatal life. Critical periods are regulated by the balance of excitatory and inhibitory (E/I) neurotransmission in the brain during development. There is now increasing evidence of E/I imbalance in autism, a complex genetic neurodevelopmental disorder diagnosed by abnormal socialization, impaired communication, and repetitive behaviors or restricted interests. The underlying cause is still largely unknown and there is no fully effective treatment or cure. We propose that alteration of the expression and/or timing of critical period circuit refinement in primary sensory brain areas may significantly contribute to autistic phenotypes, including cognitive and behavioral impairments. Dissection of the cellular and molecular mechanisms governing well-established critical periods represents a powerful tool to identify new potential therapeutic targets to restore normal plasticity and function in affected neuronal circuits.
Sensitivity Analysis for a System of Generalized Nonlinear Mixed Quasi Variational Inclusions with H‐Monotone Operators
Authors: Cao Han-Wen
Published: August 2011

The existence of the solution for a new system of generalized nonlinear mixed
quasi variational inclusions with H‐monotone operators is proved by using implicit resolvent technique, and the sensitivity
analysis of solution in Hilbert spaces is given. Our results improve and generalize some results of the recent ones.
Effects of the Trophobiont HerbivoreCalloconophora pugionata(Hemiptera) on Ant Fauna Associated withMyrcia obovata(Myrtaceae) in a Montane Tropical Forest
Authors: Fagundes Roberth , Del-Claro Kleber , Ribeiro Sérvio Pontes
Published: July 2011

Many studies have investigated the mechanisms behind the structure of arboreal ant assemblages. In this study, the objective was to evaluate the effect of availability of honeydew-producing colonies ofCalloconophora pugionata(Membracidae) on the structure of ant assemblages associated with the host plantMyrcia obovata(Myrtaceae) in an Atlantic forest of Minas Gerais (Brazil). Our experiment consisted in a gradual exclusion of hemipteran colonies out of the host plant crown and further record of the ant assemblage response (species richness, composition, and occurrence) to the presence and density of treehopper colonies. The hypothesis was that an increase in the number of trophobiont herbivores results in an increase in tending ant occurrence but a reduction in ant species diversity. Results corroborated our main hypothesis: membracids had a positive effect on the occurrence of ants but negative on species richness. Overall insect occurrence was also reduced with increasing inC. pugionatacolonies, probably due to strengthening dominant ant species territory sizes and intensification of patrolling.
Does Smoking Have a Significant Impact on Early Irritant Hand Dermatitis in Metal Workers?
Authors: Kütting B. , Uter W. , Weistenhöfer W. , Baumeister T. , Drexler H.
Published: July 2011

Background: Although they know the long-term complications of smoking, many smokers require additional motivation for entering a smoking cessation programme. At the same time, smoking is considered a possible promoting factor for various skin diseases. Objective: The present study assesses the impact of smoking on occupational hand dermatitis in a high-risk population. Material and Methods: 1,355 metal workers, 97.3% of them shift workers, took part in a standardized interview and a dermatological examination of their hands. A subgroup of 1,020 males was willing to be followed-up for 1 year. Of those, 78.3% could be included in the final assessment. Results: Compared to the general German adult population the percentage of smokers was increased (41.7% at baseline). Probably due to self-selection bias and to a higher drop-out rate, the proportion of smokers was significantly lower at follow-up. Compared to nonsmokers, smokers had significantly higher score values for both erythematous lesions and vesicles. Conclusion: The present data might give additional support for occupational physicians or dermatologists to convince workers to quit smoking.
Repeat Renal Biopsy in Lupus Nephritis: A Change in Histological Pattern Is Common
Authors: Lu Jianxin , Tam Lai-Shan , Lai Fernand Mac-Moune , Kwan Bonnie Ching-Ha , Choi Paul Cheung-Lung , Li Edmund Kwok-Ming , Chow Kai-Ming , Li Philip Kam-Tao , Szeto Cheuk-Chun
Published: July 2011

Background: The role of longitudinal change in sequential renal biopsies of lupus nephritis (LN) patient remains elusive. Methods: Clinical and pathological documents of 156 LN patients with repeat renal biopsies (412 times) were collected from a database. Results: The percent of transformation of the biopsy class from reference biopsies to repeat biopsies was 75%. For the reference biopsies that showed pure proliferative, pure membranous, and mixed nephritis, the histological pattern in the repeat biopsies changed in 57.8, 50.0, and 60.4%, respectively. As compared to reference biopsy, repeat biopsy had a higher degree of tubulointerstitial scarring (p < 0.001), chronicity index (p < 0.001) and serum creatinine (p < 0.001). In addition, baseline serum creatinine was significantly lower (p = 0.004), and the time lapse between the two biopsies was significantly longer (p < 0.001) amongst patients who had a change in the histological pattern upon repeat renal biopsy than those whose histological pattern remained the same. Conclusion: The present study suggests that a change in the histological class of LN is common in systemic lupus erythematosus patients with lupus flare, and the histology during disease flare could not be predicted by baseline clinical, biochemical, or pathological parameters. Our results indicate that when there is lupus flare with renal involvement, repeat renal biopsy is often necessary to guide the treatment.
Syriac Lexicography: Reflections on Resources and Sources
Authors: Brock Sebastian
Published: July 2011

In this brief survey of Syriac lexicographic tools, the first half considers the differing characters of the existing dictionaries, while the second discusses some of the more important source materials available for future work on Syriac lexicography: here mention is made of the various concordances (almost all of biblical texts) and word lists available, and of collections of some particular categories of words. By way of conclusion some practical suggestions are offered concerning how progress towards an eventual new Syriac dictionary might be compiled.
Response to Paul Flesher, 'The Aramaic Dialect of the James Ossuary Inscription'
Authors: Folmer Margaretha
Published: July 2011

On the basis of the distribution of two linguistic features found within this inscription, Paul Flesher has argued that it is more likely that the James Ossuary inscription comes from the Galilee or southern Judea in later centuries (most likely the fourth or fifth century). The response discusses the methodological shortcomings of Flesher?s treatment of the linguistic evidence. It is argued that the language of the inscription fits into Jewish Palestinian Aramaic of the second century CE onwards, possibly earlier.
11QPsa and the Hebrew Vorlage of the Peshitta Psalter
Authors: Carbajosa Ignacio
Published: July 2011

P.W. Flint suggests, in his monograph on the Qumran manuscripts of the Psalms, that the relationship between scrolls like 11QPsa and the Syriac Psalter 'may be profitably explored' because of the common readings and compositions. In this article the Psalms of Ascent (Pss. 120–134) are studied, concluding that the Hebrew Vorlage of the Peshitta does not follow the textual tradition attested in 11QPsa. The common readings should be ascribed to the translation techniques.
The New English Annotated Translation of the Syriac Bible (NEATSB): Retrospect and Prospect
Authors:   van Peursen, Romeny R.B. ter Haar ,   Salvesen,   Jenner
Published: July 2011

At the request of several scholars and laymen, the Leiden Peshitta Institute has initiated a translation project, the so-called New English Annotated Translation of the Syriac Bible (NEATSB). This article reviews the initial discussions as well as the decisions made with regard to the actual setup of this translation at the first NEATSB seminar in 1999. It also evaluates these theoretical reflections and the editorial policy based on them from the perspective of translation techniques, and concludes with sample translations of two passages from 1 Samuel. This material will be brought up for discussion at the second NEATSB seminar, to be held in August 2004 under the title The Bible of Edessa.
Three Harsh Prophets: A Targumic Tosefta to Parashat Korah
Authors: Sysling Harry
Published: July 2011

In ms Paris of the Fragmentary Targums one finds lengthy introductions to the festival readings and also to the weekly sabbath readings. In one of these introductions (to Numbers 16.1ff.) a story is told about three prophets who denied their own prophecies, namely Moses, Elijah and Micah. This story is of special interest because of the quotations it contains of scriptural verses from the Prophets that are at variance with the offcial targum on the Prophets. The article o?ers a detailed analysis of the story and discusses its date and origin by comparing it to the extant parallels in rabbinic sources.
Effect of nematophagous fungi on reproduction of Meloidogyne enterolobii on guava (Psidium guajava) plants
Authors: Tigano Myrian , Ayres de Souza Silva Karla Fernanda , Martins Irene , Carneiro Regina M.D. Gomes , Hidalgo-Díaz Leopoldo , Guimarães de Sousa Mariana
Published: July 2011

The root-knot nematode, Meloidogyne enterolobii, is a major disease of guava, Psidium guajava, in Brazil and other countries. Egg-pathogenic fungi are considered potential biological control agents of root-knot nematodes and are associated with suppression of Meloidogyne spp. Glasshouse experiments were conducted in order to evaluate the effect of the fungi Paecilomyces lilacinus and Pochonia chlamydosporia on a population of M. enterolobii growing on guava plants. Guava seedlings of about 15-20 cm growing in plastic bags were inoculated with 10 000 eggs of M. enterolobii plant−1. Two months later, three isolates of P. lilacinus and one isolate of P. chlamydosporia were inoculated in the infested plants. The effect of the treatments was evaluated 6 months later. Although plant infection by nematodes was not attenuated, the number of eggs (g roots)−1 fell significantly. The number of egg masses infected with the fungi was inversely correlated with the number of eggs found in the roots. The most effective result (61.5% of control) was obtained with the isolate CG1003 of P. chlamydoporia, which was originally isolated from eggs of M. enterolobii in Brazil, followed by P. lilacinus (CG959 and CG1038) with about 40% of control. These fungi showed the ability to colonise healthy guava roots in glasshouse experiments. These results suggest that P. chlamydosporia can be selected as a potential biological control agent to be employed with other strategies in integrated management to control M. enterolobii on guava.
Genitive Constructions in Targum Jonathan to Samuel
Authors: Kuty Renaud
Published: July 2011

It is common knowledge that Classical Aramaic possesses two main devices to express the genitive. The first, the construct relation, is synthetic and involves a special form of the noun known as construct state (e.g. malkut david, “David's kingdom”). The second, analytic by nature, features the use of the particle d- and knows two variants: one that involves a proleptic pronominal suffix on the nomen regens (e.g. malkuteh d-david) and one that does not and therefore displays the nomen regens in the absolute or emphatic state (e.g. malkuta d-david). Though the expression of the genitive has previously been investigated in various types of Aramaic, the matter has never been raised with regard to the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan specifically. The present article purports to discuss the working and interactions of the genitive constructions in Targum Jonathan to Samuel. It will endeavor to identify the factors that condition their use, and attempt to demonstrate that the genitive in the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan to Samuel functions according to a largely consistent linguistic system.
A Non-Peshitta Jeremiah Citation by Aphrahat
Authors: Lund Jerome
Published: July 2011

The fourth century Syriac church father Aphrahat cites Jer. 31.31–32 in his Demonstrations. His citation is remarkable since it differs dramatically from the text of the OT Peshitta. This essay analyzes the citation and presents a solution. What looks at first blush like a citation of the Peshitta OT is in reality a blending of the Syriac NT citation of the OT and the OT Peshitta text. His use of Gen. 15.6 corroborates this method of OT citation.
The Sheikh Fadl Inscription in Its Literary and Historical Context
Authors: Holm Tawny
Published: July 2011

The fragmentary Sheikh Fadl inscription from the first half of the fifth century B.C.E. comprises the earliest narratives about the Inaros of Athribis who took part in an Egyptian rebellion against the Assyrians in the seventh century, and who is known especially from the much later 'Cycle of Inaros' in Demotic from the Ptolemaic and Roman periods. This Inaros is not to be confused with the Libyan rebel of the same name who led a revolt against the Persians in 464–454 B.C.E.; it may be significant, however, that the stories about Inaros of Athribis were perhaps written down in his time.
Translation Technique and Translating a Translation, with Special Reference to Ezekiel 8–11
Authors: van Rooy Harry
Published: July 2011

The Peshitta of Ezekiel had been regarded as a free translation since the time of Cornill to the Commentary of Zimmerli. Martin Mulder, however, regarded it as a fairly literal translation. The relationship of the Peshitta of Ezekiel to the Septuagint has also been described in different ways, with some scholars postulating a substantial degree of dependence of the Peshitta on the Septuagint. This paper will look at some aspects of the translation technique of the Peshitta of Ezekiel. This study demonstrates the freedom of the translator when faced with rare words and his use of idiomatic Syriac, but his fidelity to his Vorlage as well.
The Division between Western and Eastern Manuscripts in the Peshitta Psalter: An Insurmountable Obstacle for a Critical Edition?
Authors: Carbajosa Ignacio
Published: July 2011

At the end of the nineteenth century Alfred Rahlfs stated that the manuscripts of the Old Testament Peshitta were clearly divided into two families according to confessional criteria (following the schism between the Eastern and Western Syriac Churches). As a consequence, no critical edition could be done. One century later Piet B. Dirksen cast doubt on the classical theory saying that the schism had been of no consequence for the transmission of the text. But there was one exception: the book of Psalms, on which the old paradigm would continue to weigh. This article challenges the statement on the role of the Psalter.
The Origin of the Official Aramaic Quotative Marker l'mr
Authors: Pat-El Na'ama
Published: July 2011

In Official Aramaic, l'mr, the old infinitive of the verb √'mr, became the main form capable of introducing direct speech, even when there is another verbum dicendi present. The origin of the pattern has been the subject of several studies and has been assumed to be either an Aramaic innovation or a loan from Biblical Hebrew. An examination of the distribution and syntax of the form shows that it cannot be an Aramaic innovation and is highly unlikely to be borrowed from Hebrew. It is further suggested that the pattern is an Egyptian calque.
The Present State of Mandaic Lexicography I: The Mandaic Dictionary
Authors: Morgenstern Matthew
Published: July 2011

The Mandaic language has been used since Late Antiquity by the Mandaean community of Iraq and Iran as a spoken and literary idiom. The presently available Mandaic Dictionary, published in 1963, is a valuable reference tool that greatly advanced research into this much neglected Eastern Aramaic dialect. However, as the article seeks to highlight, both in terms of the scope of its corpus and its analysis, it does not conform to the current needs and achievements of Aramaic lexicography, and is in need of replacement. The first of two studies, the article discusses the dictionary's analysis and presentation of the linguistic data that was available to the authors at the time of its publication, indicates its weaknesses in various areas, and proposes criteria for better lexicographical analysis of the source material.
Criminal Justice for Gendered Violence and Beyond
Authors: Haynes Dina Francesca , Aoláin Fionnuala Ní , Cahn Naomi
Published: July 2011

This article focuses on the advancements in and limitations of international criminal law to address the range of harms experienced by women in times of armed conflict. International criminal law is an important tool, but not the only relevant structure or institution that has a role to play in addressing the underlying conditions and causes that produce systematic violence for women. The long-term success of post-conflict reconstruction rests upon understanding and legally articulating what women truly perceive as generally harmful to them, and then remedying those harms in the broadest possible sense. In assessing the influence and value of international and domestic criminal accountability for violations experienced by women, it is also important that we acknowledge law's limits. Criminal accountability has both symbolic and practical importance, but it must be combined with policy-making focused on the deep inequalities and disadvantages experienced by women in order to fundamentally transform women' lives in post-conflict societies. Feminists should be suspicious when law only addresses a fraction of transgressive sexual acts and fails to engender equality and nullify discrimination. Both are central to changing women's lives.
Enforced Displacement of Civilian Populations in War: A Potential New Element in Crimes against Humanity
Authors: Leaning Jennifer
Published: July 2011

Forced migration in war is known to arise from serious assaults on populations and is known to carry serious consequences for the people who move. In the context of international humanitarian law, forced migration is viewed as a survival strategy, a resort to flight in order to get out of the way of hostile action. The varieties of injuries associated with forced migration have been largely assigned to the category of unavoidable or difficult-to-mitigate collateral costs of armed conflict. It is argued in this paper that the phenomenon of forced migration in war constitutes, in itself, a serious violation of international humanitarian law. The agency of government or military command is behind the military or political action that provokes population flight; the short and long-term mortality and morbidity always associated with forced migration occurs disproportionately and indiscriminately to civilian non combatants; and the dissolution of identity, the assault on dignity, the destruction of personal and community records, and the sweeping loss of livelihoods occasioned by war-induced forced migration represent in themselves war crimes or on a grand scale crimes against humanity. This paper presents evidence to substantiate the claim that forced migration in war inflicts intense and extended suffering on civilian populations. Reference is made to Hague and Geneva law, the two international human rights covenants (ICCPR and ICESCR) and to the Refugee Convention to find elements of what should arguably be advanced as the constituent basis for defining forced migration in war as a distinct and independent crime in international criminal law. In much of international humanitarian law, empirically grounded recognition of a new class of grievous injuries or a new category of people to protect leads to an expansion of a preexisting framework (civilian protection) or an entirely new treaty or convention (cluster munitions). The suggestion made here is that forced migration in war be considered within that historical continuum—not as a prevalent and (largely) unavoidable process but as a newly recognised crime.
Beyond Consent: Conceptualising Sexual Assault in International Criminal Law
Authors: O'Byrne Katie
Published: July 2011

This article examines the development, definition and treatment of sexual assault in international criminal law over time. It charts the evolution of sexual assault as a crime, with particular focus on the relevant statutory provisions and jurisprudence of the ICTY, ICTR and ICC, noting that the recent characterisation of sexual assault as a genus crime including rape significantly broadens the scope of the offence. The article analyses some of the legal and conceptual problems arising from the use of non-consent as an element of sexual crimes, comparing the approach of the ad hoc tribunals with the (as yet untested) principles in the ICC's foundation documents. It is submitted that proof of coercion, rather than proof of non-consent, is the appropriate test to use in conceptualising crimes within the genus of sexual assault, and that consent should instead be raised as a defence where relevant.
First-Class Crimes, Second-Class Justice: Cumulative Charges for Gender-Based Crimes at the International Criminal Court
Authors: Green Laurie
Published: July 2011

While sexual and gender-based violence crimes are now prosecutable as war crimes, crimes against humanity, and acts of genocide, the Pre-Trial Chamber of the International Criminal Court recently declined to confirm cumulative charges for sexual and gender-based violence in Prosecutor v. Jean-Pierre Bemba Gombo. Born out of the historical tendency of international criminal tribunals to treat rape and sexual violence as secondary crimes, this paper argues that the International Criminal Court is far from achieving true gender justice, or from serving as a deterrent against sexual and gender-based violence crimes. This paper also argues that the ICC's failure in this regard risks undermining the very legitimacy of the Court.
A Manuscript by Jesse Ramsden at Palermo Observatory
Authors: Chinnici Ileana , Randazzo Donatella
Published: July 2011

An interesting manuscript, unsigned and undated, containing two incomplete texts, has been found in the Palermo Astronomical Observatory Library. The handwriting has been recognized as belonging to Jesse Ramsden, the famous London instrument maker and the texts deals with some little-known improvements made by him around 1787-88 on the adjustments of astronomical quadrants and transit instruments. The provenance of the manuscript is unclear, owing to the absence of any related documentary evidence.
The earliest earwigs in amber (Dermaptera): A new genus and species from the Early Cretaceous of Lebanon
Authors: Engel Michael , Ortega-Blanco Jaime , Azar Dany
Published: July 2011

Rhadinolabis phoenicica Engel, Ortega-Blanco & Azar gen. et sp.n. is described and figured from two female earwigs preserved in Early Cretaceous amber from Lebanon, representing the oldest Dermaptera in amber. In addition a partial nymph is recorded from the same deposits. The placement of the genus among Neodermaptera is briefly discussed.
The oldest fossil record of Lymexylidae (Insecta: Coleoptera) from the Lower Cretaceous Crato Formation of Brazil
Authors: Wolf-Schwenninger Karin
Published: July 2011

The fossil ship-timber beetle Cratoatractocerus grimaldii gen. et sp.n. is described from the Lower Cretaceous of Brazil. The new taxon is placed within Atractocerinae. It is distinguished from all modern genera of the subfamily by a M+Cu fork in the hind wing venation. Cratoatractocerus grimaldii is the oldest known representative of Lymexylidae and considered as the most basal member of Atractocerinae. This fossil proves that this subfamily appeared at least by the Early Cretaceous.
The oldest amphientomete booklouce from Lower Cretaceous amber of Lebanon (Psocodea: Troctomorpha)
Authors: Nel André , Choufani Joanna , Azar Dany
Published: July 2011

Libanomphientomum nudus gen. et sp.n. is described and assigned to Amphientometae, possibly Amphientomidae, but it is devoid of scales on body and wings, which is very unlikely in this family, questioning the diagnostic value of this character for the family. This fossil provides evidence that the Amphientometae are an old group and that their evolutionary history was more complex than previously thought.
The Integrated Surface Database: Recent Developments and Partnerships
Authors: Smith Adam , Lott Neal , Vose Russ
Published: July 2011

No Abstract available.
Rainfall Retrieval and Nowcasting Based on Multispectral Satellite Images. Part I: Retrieval Study on Daytime 10-Minute Rain Rate
Authors: Zhuge Xiao-Yong , Yu Fan , Zhang Cheng-Wei
Published: July 2011

This study develops a method for both precipitation area and intensity retrievals based on multispectral geostationary satellite images. This method can be applied to continuous observation of large-scale precipitation so as to solve the problem from the measurements of rainfall radar and rain gauge. Satellite observation is instantaneous, whereas the rain gauge records accumulative data during a time interval. For this reason, collocated 10-min rain gauge measurements and infrared (IR) and visible (VIS) data from the FengYun-2C (FY-2C) geostationary satellite are employed to improve the accuracy of satellite rainfall retrieval. First of all, the rainfall probability identification matrix (RPIM) is used to distinguish rainfall clouds from nonrainfall clouds. This RPIM is more efficient in improving the retrieval accuracy of rainfall area than previous threshold combination screening methods. Second, the multispectral segmented curve-fitting rainfall algorithm (MSCFRA) is proposed and tested to estimate the 10-min rain rates. Rainfall samples taken from June to August 2008 are used to assess the performance of the rainfall algorithm. Assessment results show that the MSCFRA improves the accuracy of rainfall estimation for both stratiform cloud rainfall and convective cloud rainfall. These results are practically consistent with rain gauge measurements in both rainfall area division and rainfall intensity grade estimation. Furthermore, this study demonstrates that the temporal resolution of satellite detection is important and necessary in improving the precision of satellite rainfall retrieval.
Iran’s French Revolution
Authors: Varzi Roxanne
Published: July 2011

It is difficult for many to grasp how and why Islam would remain a powerful form of protest against Islamic governments. Going back to the 1950s, 1960s, and 1970s to explore the work and lives of two important pre–Iranian Revolution thinkers, I will show how Shiite Islam came into play with postcolonial and postmodern theories to bring about the Islamic Revolution—which explains why 30 years later, Islam continues to provide a framework for protest among those disillusioned by the Islamic Republic.
The End of Neoliberalism?
Authors: Comaroff John
Published: July 2011

In the wake of the economic “meltdown” of 2008, there arose considerable public debate across the planet over the fates and futures of neoliberalism. Had it reached its “natural” end? What, historically, was likely to become of “it”? How might the crisis in the Euro-American economies of the period transform the relationship between economy and the state? This article addresses these questions. It argues against treating neoliberalism as a common noun, a fully formed, self-sustaining ideological project and makes the case that its adjectival and adverbial capillaries alive, well, and, if in complicated ways, central to the unfolding history of contemporary capitalism. Finally, the article offers a reflection on the ways in which twenty-first-century states have become integral to the workings of finance capital, with important consequences for the conception of political economy.
Outcomes and Risk Prediction Model for Peripheral Arterial Disease in Patients with Stable Coronary Artery Disease
Authors: Badheka Apurva O , Rathod Ankit D , Bharadwaj Aditya S , Bhat Samrat , Kizilbash Mohammad A , Veeranna Vikas , Pidlaon Victorio , Jacob Sony , Afonso Luis
Published: July 2011

We used the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute Limited Access Dataset of Prevention of Events with Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibition (PEACE) Trial (n = 8290) which included patients with stable coronary artery disease (CAD) and preserved ejection fraction (>40%). We identified risk factors for the development of critical peripheral arterial disease (PAD; those needing angioplasty, bypass grafting, or aneurysm repair) and formulated a risk score by multivariate analyses. A total of 220 patients (2.8%) developed critical PAD over a mean follow-up of 4.7 years. Significant predictors of critical PAD were history of intermittent claudication, smoking, hypertension (HTN), coronary-artery bypass grafting (CABG), diabetes, age, serum cholesterol, and body mass index (BMI). Incident critical PAD was associated with increased composite outcome of cardiovascular death, myocardial infarction, percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty, or CABG (hazard ratio 1.82, 95% CI 1.50-2.22, P < .001). Risk assessment using our score may identify CAD patients at risk for critical PAD events.
The Nigerian home video boom: Should Nigerian psychiatrists be worried? Lessons from content review and views of community dwellers
Authors: Atilola Olayinka , Olayiwola Funmilayo
Published: August 2011

Background:

Media depiction of sufferers of mental illness is a widely viewed source of stigmatization and studies have found stigmatizing depictions of mental illness in Nigerian films. With the recent boom in the Nigerian home video industry, there is a need to know how often Nigerians are exposed to films that contain scenes depicting mental illness and how much premium they place on such portrayals as reflecting reality.

Aim:

To assess the popularity of Nigerian home videos among Nigerian community dwellers and the frequency of their exposure to scenes depicting mental illness.

Methods:

A semi-structured questionnaire was designed to obtain socio-demographic data and to find out how often respondents see scenes depicting ‘madness’ in home videos, as well as their views about the accuracy of such depictions from the orthodox psychiatry point of view. Current home videos available in video rental shops were selected for viewing and content review.

Results:

All 676 respondents had seen a Nigerian home video in the preceding 30 days: 528 (78%) reported scenes depicting ‘mad persons’; 472 (70%) reported that the scenes they saw agreed with their own initial understanding of the cause and treatment of ‘madness’. About 20% of the films depicted mental illness. The most commonly depicted cause was sorcery and enchantment by witches and wizards, while the most commonly depicted treatment was magical and spiritual healing by diviners and religious priests.

Conclusions:

Nigerian home video is a popular electronic media in Nigeria and scenes depicting mental illness are not uncommon. The industry could be harnessed for promoting mental health literacy.
Boredom proneness in a psychiatric inpatient population
Authors: Newell Susan E. , Harries Priscilla , Ayers Susan
Published: August 2011

Background:

Boredom has been reported as a common experience for service users of acute psychiatric wards. It has been associated with negative mental and physical health. Research has yet to show what factors are associated with boredom proneness within the acute psychiatric population.

Aims:

(1) To investigate the distribution of boredom proneness in a population of mentally ill inpatients according to age, gender, diagnosis, Mental Health Act status and length of stay in hospital. (2) To test the hypothesis that boredom proneness is negatively correlated with autonomous activity levels.

Method:

Two self-report questionnaires were used with 55 inpatients of acute psychiatric wards: the Boredom Proneness Scale (Farmer & Sundberg, 1986) and the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (Zigmond & Snaith, 1983). Questions were also asked about individuals’ activity engagement during their current admission. Data on age, gender, diagnosis, ethnicity, Mental Health Act status and length of stay were collected from case notes.

Results and conclusions:

The highest incidence of boredom proneness was in participants with depression. Those detained under the Mental Health Act appeared less boredom prone than those admitted voluntarily. Boredom proneness was not associated with age, gender or length of stay. There was an association between engagement in more autonomous activities and lower boredom proneness.
“Listening With the Third Ear”
Authors: Myers Sharon A. , White Catherine M.
Published: August 2011

This qualitative investigation sought parallels between empathy as experienced in musical performance relationships and empathy as described in therapeutic encounters. Nine professional musicians were invited to offer their reflections on the ways in which relational connections influenced their overall performance experience. Three themes emerged as illustrative of parallels between empathic connections in musical performance and those in therapy: striking a chord, likened to forming an empathic connection; staying in tune, likened to the working relationship; and making music, likened to therapeutic process. Participants emphasized the importance of felt-level mutuality and highlighted its complexity. This study confirms the centrality of the relational bond in forging effective communication and purposeful interaction. Examination of nontherapeutic relational models offers a promising and innovative direction for future study with potential for yielding perhaps deeper understanding of therapeutic constructs. Exploration of empathy in nonclinical relationships may also enhance the accessibility of this ephemeral construct for students and researchers dedicated to capturing its impact in therapeutic process.
Racial Socialization in Cross-Racial Families
Authors: Snyder Cyndy R.
Published: August 2011

The purpose of this study was to investigate how multiracial people of African descent experience racism in schools and to understand how their parents or guardians prepare them to cope with incidents of racism in school. Through qualitative in-depth interviews with multiracial and transracially adopted adults of African descent, this study seeks to raise awareness regarding the complexity of family racial dynamics and how family racial socialization processes affect students’ ability to navigate racism. Findings suggested that racial socialization processes varied by the racial composition of the family, that is, families in which there was at least one Black parent or guardian present tended to more openly address issues of race and racism in comparison with families in which there was no Black parent or guardian present. Findings from this study hold theoretical implications for how racial socialization is conceptualized and practical implications for programs and policies designed to support families raising children of African descent.
The Relationship Between Maladaptive Eating Behaviors and Racial Identity Among African American Women in College
Authors: Flowers Kelci C. , Levesque Maurice J. , Fischer Sarah
Published: August 2011

Research on eating disorders has shown that European American women suffer from eating disorders and body image dissatisfaction more than African American women. However, recent meta-analyses suggest these differences may be decreasing and that some African American women may be particularly susceptible to body dissatisfaction and eating disorder symptoms. The present study investigated the relationship between racial identity, body image, and eating behaviors among African American women in college. Participants ( n = 85, Mage = 20.44 years) completed self-report measures of body image, eating behaviors, and racial identity. Results revealed that self-hatred of African American group membership was associated with many negative psychological outcomes. Furthermore, body image dissatisfaction mediated the relationship between self-hatred and maladaptive eating behaviors. Results are discussed in terms of the risk factors that may lead to the development of eating disorder symptoms among African American women.
Alain Badiou and authentic revolutions
Authors: Jones Adrian
Published: August 2011

This study explores new philosophical foundations for democracy in revolutions. Alain Badiou’s thought is in focus, but this essay is not just an exegesis. The thought of Alain Badiou is appraised (and adapted) in this essay in the light of the main currents of European thought on the hopes and history of European revolutions. This essay dismisses Badiou’s ultra-gauche Maoism, focusing instead on Badiou’s ways to reconcile revolutionary change, social inclusion and human freedom. These ways are important. By overcoming hegemonic traditions of study, Badiou’s methods promote democratic ethics of restraint. They also help re-invigorate methods in the social sciences privileging participant perspectives.
The contemporary historical novel
Authors: Heller Agnes
Published: August 2011

Although contemporary historical novels share a number of features with the traditional historical novel, as analysed by Lukács (1981) , they display a fundamental change in the perception of history, evident in the disappearance of the omniscient narrator, in their choice of significant and representative figures, and scepticism regarding teleology of history or the world-historical role of war and violence. On the one hand, history has become a riddle, and this is reflected in the preference for the form of the detective novel, for which the model is The Name of the Rose ( Eco 1983 ). On the other hand, there is a clear preference for two historical periods: the collapse of the ancient world and the birth of the modern from the Renaissance to the 18th century.
What is critical hermeneutics?
Authors: Roberge Jonathan
Published: August 2011

This article explores the promises of critical hermeneutics as an innovative method and philosophy within the human sciences. It is argued that its success depends on its ability to articulate a theory of meaning with one of action and experience as well as its capacity to renew our understanding of the problem of ideology. First, critical hermeneutics must explain how cultural messages ‘show and hide’; that is, how the ambiguity of meaning always allows for a group to represent itself while opening the door for distortion and domination. Second, critical hermeneutics ought to show how action can be best understood as opposing performances driven by ideological-moral views. Through an analysis of social movements, for instance, it is shown that any attempt to do justice could also and easily create exclusion. Third, critical hermeneutics has to clarify how tension and dualism within meaning and action are not to be dissociated from the self-interpretation of concrete individuals. A theory of experience is thus required in order to explain why the autonomy of the subject is finally at stake with regard to the problem of ideology.
Unsteady burning of thin-layer pool fires
Authors: Chen Bing , Lu Shouxiang , Li Changhai , Kang Quansheng , Yuan Man
Published: August 2011

The burning behavior of circular, thin-layer n-heptane pool fires having a diameter of 0.2 m and initial fuel thicknesses of 6.5 mm and 13 mm were experimentally studied. Fire parameters and temperature distribution in fuel were recorded during the experiments. Results show that flame height and burning rate exhibited different stages for fires with different thickness of fuel layer, while flame temperature was independent of the fuel layer and was almost constant. The fuel surface temperature increased to its boiling point, with the temperature of fuel below the surface starting to rise shortly after ignition. A boiling zone was formed that increased with time for the thicker fuel layer. A theoretical analysis based on a heat-transfer model is proposed to explain the differences in heat transfer between the liquid and environment during the different burning phases. Reasons for the increase of burning rate are introduced.
Determinants of Early Child-Feeding Practices Among HIV-Infected and Noninfected Mothers in Rural Kenya
Authors: Gewa Constance A. , Oguttu Monica , Savaglio Lauren
Published: July 2011

Quantitative and qualitative data were collected from mothers with children aged 4 to 24 months to examine the determinants of child-feeding practices among HIV-infected and noninfected mothers in the rural parts of Kisumu District in Kenya. More than 40% of children had received other foods or drinks by 3 months of age. Home-based births, perceived small child size at birth, and larger household size were associated with significantly higher risks of premature cessation of exclusive breastfeeding. Maternal HIV infection, overweight/obesity, and having multiple “under-2’s” were associated with higher risks of overall breastfeeding cessation. Higher socioeconomic status was associated with significantly lower risks of premature cessation of exclusive breastfeeding. Child-feeding decisions were often made postpartum. Mothers were more likely to discuss feeding methods with their partners only if they were HIV infected. Poverty was identified as a barrier to exclusive breastfeeding in the first 6 months.