bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Tesauro brasileiro de turismo
Authors:   Universidade de São Paulo. Escola de Comunicações e Artes, Rejowski Mirian
Published: May 2018

Para a autora dessa obra, é imprescindível que exista uma linguagem comum de conhecimento amplo e aceita pelos pesquisadores do campo de estudo, mediante um thesaurus, palavra latina que significa “tesouro”, tornando-se um precioso instrumento de apoio à indexação e à recuperação da informação quanto à organização e à configuração do conhecimento científico de determinado campo de conhecimento. A construção do Tesauro Brasileiro de Turismo é resultado de um extenso trabalho nascido diante da dificuldade de acesso a publicações científicas, em especial teses e artigos de periódicos, que apresentavam palavras-chave com pouca representatividade ou sem aderência aos seus respectivos conteúdos. O Tesauro Brasileiro de Turismo abrange, em sua estrutura, categorias temáticas do campo do Turismo: Alimentos e bebidas; Ciência e informação em turismo; Comunicação turística; Economia e turismo; Educação e formação em turismo; Eventos turísticos; Hospitalidade no turismo; Lazer e turismo; Legislação turística; Organismos de turismo; Patrimônio turístico; Planejamento turístico; Política de turismo; Serviços turísticos; Sociedade e turismo; Tecnologia da informação e comunicação em turismo; e Transportes no turismo.
Refugiados sírios em Campinas/SP e um Aladdin sem a lâmpada mágica
Authors: Begeres Bisneto Victor
Published: May 2018

O drama dos refugiados sírios que buscam a Europa como solução para sobreviver à guerra em seu país que completa cinco anos, também se revela no Brasil. Baseando-se principalmente de relatos orais obtidos entre setembro e novembro de 2015, o presente artigo busca evidenciar as condições em que vivem os refugiados sírios na cidade de Campinas/SP (segunda no Estado em número de refugiados), a forma como o poder público municipal oferece suporte a essas pessoas e qual a visão desses imigrantes sobre o conflito na Síria, de modo a oferecer um ponto devista mais original e sem a intermediação dos grandes veículos de comunicação.
As famílias do movimento Hizmet em São Paulo: Brasileiras casadas com muçulmanos turcos
Authors: Pasqualin Flávia Andréa , Barbosa Francirosy Campos
Published: May 2018

Este relato de campo tem como objetivo apresentar uma parte do Movimento Hizmet (ou também chamado de Movimento Güllen) no Brasil, tendo como foco discorrer sobre as famílias que compõem esse grupo no Brasil. Vale dizer que esta reflexão faz parte da pesquisa de doutorado “O (des)encanto do casamento intercultural: brasileiras casadas com muçulmanos turcos” que vem sendo desenvolvida com o intuito de compreender os aspectos étnicos e religiosos existentes no casamento entre uma brasileira (muçulmana ou não) e um muçulmano turco. Tal pesquisa é desenvolvida com base no método etnográfico presencial e virtual. Conhecer as famílias que compõem Hizmet, tanto as mistas como as turcas, e o modo como se organizam é uma oportunidade de pensar um pouco mais sobre o Islã na Turquia, sobre o Islã no Brasil e consequentemente entender o fenômeno dos casamentos interculturais entre brasileiras e muçulmanos estrangeiros
ERV1/ChemR23 Signaling Protects Against Atherosclerosis by Modifying Oxidized Low-Density Lipoprotein Uptake and Phagocytosis in Macrophages
Authors: Laguna-Fernandez Andres , Checa Antonio , Carracedo Miguel , Artiach Gonzalo , Petri Marcelo H. , Baumgartner Roland , Forteza Maria J. , Jiang Xintong , Andonova Teodora , Walker Mary E. , Dalli Jesmond , Arnardottir Hildur , Gisterå Anton , Thul Silke , Wheelock Craig E. , Paulsson-Berne Gabrielle , Ketelhuth Daniel F.J. , Hansson Göran K. , Bäck Magnus
Published: May 2018

Background:

In addition to enhanced proinflammatory signaling, impaired resolution of vascular inflammation plays a key role in atherosclerosis. Proresolving lipid mediators formed through the 12/15 lipoxygenase pathways exert protective effects against murine atherosclerosis. n-3 Polyunsaturated fatty acids, including eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), serve as the substrate for the formation of lipid mediators, which transduce potent anti-inflammatory and proresolving actions through their cognate G-protein–coupled receptors. The aim of this study was to identify signaling pathways associated with EPA supplementation and lipid mediator formation that mediate atherosclerotic disease progression.

Methods:

Lipidomic plasma analysis were performed after EPA supplementation in
Apoe
−/−
mice.
Erv1/Chemr23
−/−
xApoe
−/−
mice were generated for the evaluation of atherosclerosis, phagocytosis, and oxidized low-density lipoprotein uptake. Histological and mRNA analyses were done on human atherosclerotic lesions.

Results:

Here, we show that EPA supplementation significantly attenuated atherosclerotic lesion growth induced by Western diet in
Apoe
−/−
mice and was associated with local cardiovascular n-3 enrichment and altered lipoprotein metabolism. Our systematic plasma lipidomic analysis identified the resolvin E1 precursor 18-monohydroxy EPA as a central molecule formed during EPA supplementation. Targeted deletion of the resolvin E1 receptor
Erv1/Chemr23
in 2 independent hyperlipidemic murine models was associated with proatherogenic signaling in macrophages, increased oxidized low-density lipoprotein uptake, reduced phagocytosis, and increased atherosclerotic plaque size and necrotic core formation. We also demonstrate that in macrophages the resolvin E1–mediated effects in oxidized low-density lipoprotein uptake and phagocytosis were dependent on
Erv1/Chemr23.
When analyzing human atherosclerotic specimens, we identified ERV1/ChemR23 expression in a population of macrophages located in the proximity of the necrotic core and demonstrated augmented ERV1/ChemR23 mRNA levels in plaques derived from statin users.

Conclusions:

This study identifies 18-monohydroxy EPA as a major plasma marker after EPA supplementation and demonstrates that the ERV1/ChemR23 receptor for its downstream mediator resolvin E1 transduces protective effects in atherosclerosis. ERV1/ChemR23 signaling may represent a previously unrecognized therapeutic pathway to reduce atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease.
Effect of an siRNA Therapeutic Targeting PCSK9 on Atherogenic Lipoproteins
Authors: Ray Kausik K. , Stoekenbroek Robert M. , Kallend David , Leiter Lawrence A. , Landmesser Ulf , Wright R. Scott , Wijngaard Peter , Kastelein John J.P.
Published: May 2018

Background:

The ORION-1 trial (Trial to Evaluate the Effect of ALN-PCSSC Treatment on Low Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol [LDL-C]) demonstrated that inclisiran, an siRNA therapeutic that targets protease proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 mRNA within hepatocytes, produces significant low-density lipoprotein cholesterol reduction. The effects of inclisiran on other lipids are less well described.

Methods:

ORION-1 was a phase 2 trial assessing 6 different inclisiran dosing regimens versus placebo. Participants with elevated low-density lipoprotein cholesterol despite receiving maximally tolerated statin therapy received a single-dose (200, 300, or 500 mg) or 2-dose starting regimen (100, 200, or 300 mg on days 1 and 90) of inclisiran or placebo. This prespecified analysis reports the percentage reductions in non–high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (non–HDL-C), apolipoprotein (apo) B, very-low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, lipoprotein(a), triglycerides, HDL-C, and apo A1 at the primary efficacy time point (day 180) with mixed-effect models for repeated measures. Additional prespecified analyses report time course of changes from baseline at each visit to day 210, interindividual variation in response, and lipid goal attainment.

Results:

The mean age of the 501 participants was 63 years, 65% were male, 69% had atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease, 73% used statins, and mean low-density lipoprotein cholesterol was 128 mg/dL. A single dose of inclisiran reduced apo B, non–HDL-C, and very-low-density lipoprotein cholesterol over 210 days. A second dose of inclisiran provided additional lowering of these lipids. At day 180, non–HDL-C was lowered dose-dependently: by 25% from 148±43 to 110±45 mg/dL in the 200-mg single-dose group and by 46% from 161±58 to 91±58 mg/dL in the 2-dose 300-mg group. For the same dosing regimens, apo B was reduced by 23% from 101±23 to 78±29 mg/dL and by 41% from 106±31 to 65±33 mg/dL (
P
<0.001 for all groups versus placebo). In the 300-mg 2-dose group, all individuals experienced apo B and non–HDL-C reductions. There was larger interindividual variation in very-low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, triglycerides, and lipoprotein(a) reductions. In the 300-mg 2-dose group, the percentages of patients achieving guideline-recommended apo B goals for high- and very-high-risk patients at day 180 were 78% and 90%; 68% and 83% of participants achieved non–HDL-C <100 and <130 mg/dL.

Conclusions:

Inclisiran produces significant and prolonged reductions in atherogenic lipoproteins, suggesting that inhibiting the synthesis of protease proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 through siRNA may be a viable alternative to other approaches that target protease proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9.

Clinical Trial Registration:

URL:
https://www.clinicaltrials.gov
. Unique identifier: NCT02597127.
Governing through Abandonment
Authors: Greene Karen Lisa
Published: May 2018

This article describes and analyses the “empowerment” form of child rights deployed in the move to democratise Cambodia in the 1990s, as it was embedded in 1990s “abandonment politics” (Povinelli, 2011). I sketch a genealogy for that form, and identify the problematic of abandonment as a generative link between the political and biological category of “child”, rights, and the technologies of liberal governmentality. Though available to other modes of government, these technologies emerged to manage the “condition of abandonment” of neophyte “abandoned beings” (Agamben, 1998:27). In the 1990s, defined largely by “abandonment pedagogies”, a new form of child rights seemed able to address long and short term cross-sectoral issues. To show how this elucidates the content of international child rights as deployed, I describe the international discourse of child rights as it was taught and translated into programs for street children on Cambodian ground.
“The Other Child” – The Rights of the Child Victim in the Youth Justice System
Authors: Lynch Nessa
Published: May 2018

Children’s rights scholarship and guidance from human rights bodies has largely ignored the child victim, particularly where the perpetrator of the offence is also a child. This article reviews how provisions of international children’s rights standards deal with such situations, and highlights the lack of evidence on the extent of such victimisation and the experiences of child victims. Using two particular provisions (best interests and participation), it is argued that child victims appear primarily regarded as objects of concern rather than true rights holders. Increased recognition of “the other child” in practice and policy is urged.
Towards a New Brentanian Theory of Judgment
Authors: Bacigalupo Giuliano
Published: May 2018

In the last few decades, the interest in Brentano’s philosophical psychology, especially in his theory of judgment, has been steadily growing. What, however, has remained relatively unexplored are the modifications that have been introduced over the years into this theory by Brentano himself and by his student Anton Marty. These amendments constitute the focus of the present paper. As will be argued, only by making such changes can the weaknesses of the first formulation of the theory be overcome. Moreover, as the final section of the paper attempts to show, these modifications may even trigger further steps towards what we might label a new Brentanian theory of judgment.
Patrick Gordon and the Chudnov-Slobodishche Campaign, 1660
Authors: Davies Brian
Published: May 2018

The Chudnov-Slobodishche Campaign in 1660 was one of the bloodiest in the Thirteen Years’ War and resulted in the destruction of an entire Muscovite field army of 32,000 and the defection of Hetman Iurii Khmel’nyts’ky to the Poles. Patrick Gordon was a participant in this campaign, as a Captain Lieutenant of dragoons in the Polish army—he was then just 25 years old and had entered Polish service only a year before. Gordon’s account of the campaign, in folios 53–93 v. of the second volume of his diary, provides valuable details about both Polish-Lithuanian and Muscovite military technique at this stage of the war. It also relates the circumstances under which Gordon, after helping to destroy a Muscovite army, left Polish service and managed to enter the service of the tsar.
1
Pity, Love or Justice? Seeing 1830s Australian Colonial Violence
Authors: Lydon Jane
Published: May 2018

During the 1830s, humanitarian concern for the plight of the British Empire’s Indigenous peoples reached its height, coinciding with colonists’ rapid encroachment upon Indigenous land in New South Wales. Increasing frontier violence culminated in the shocking Myall Creek Massacre of June 1838, prompting heated debates regarding the treatment of Australian Aboriginal people. Humanitarians and colonists deployed intensely emotive strategies seeking to direct compassion towards their very different objects via newspapers, the pulpit, prose, poetry and imagery. The landmark sermon delivered in late 1838 by Sydney Baptist minister John Saunders argued for Indigenous rights and the recognition of Aboriginal humanity, drawing a distinction between ‘pity’ and ‘justice’ that anticipated more recent debates regarding empathy. Saunders’s argument contrasts with sentimental antislavery strategies which rendered black people passive beneficiaries of white benevolence, demonstrating that despite scholarly critique which emphasises the limits of empathy, we must not assume empathy has static or homogeneous meanings and political effects in specific circumstances and times. While empathy may be complicit with injustice, conversely a lack of sympathy for other peoples’ suffering may license racism, misogyny and oppression.
Psathyrella alpina sp. nov. (Psathyrellaceae, Agaricales), a new species from China
Authors: YAN JUN-QING , BAU TOLGOR
Published: May 2018

Psathyrella alpina sp. nov. is described as a new species from Yunnan and Jiangxi Province, China. This species is distinctive due to its median-size basidiospores, fusiform to lageniform pleurocystidia and special pileipellis which consists of vesiculose cells, covered by a 1 cells deep layer of hyphae. It is also unique compared to related Psathyrella species in phylogenetic analysis of ITS sequences. Detailed illustrations, field photographs and microscopic features of basidiomata are provided in this paper.
Characteristics of Ethiopia Air Chemistry and Its Meteorological Context
Authors: Jury Mark R.
Published: May 2018

The concentration of trace gases and aerosols in Ethiopia is poorly characterized due to a limited history of surface measurements. Here, satellite measurements and model estimates of atmospheric composition are employed to understand space–time distributions in the period 2000–16. Methane (CH4) and carbon monoxide (CO) display high concentrations over the highlands and provide a focus for analysis of monthly and daily data. CH4 emissions from livestock peak at the beginning of the dry season, while CO from biomass burning rises at the end of the dry season. The seasonal cycle of dust, aerosol optical depth (AOD), and CO2 is inversely related with CH4, while CO closely follows sensible heat flux, thus linking drying and rural biomass burning. Stable easterly flow in the dry season accumulates local emissions, so near-surface concentrations of CO and CH4 are high then. The weather pattern underlying an episode of high nitrogen dioxide (NO2) concentrations was studied. In addition to a stable lapse rate and dry anticyclonic weather, midtropospheric subsidence was related to intrusion of the northern subtropical jet stream on 24–26 December 2010. The wind shadow was cast by the Rift Escarpment limited dispersion, particularly with the dry, stable weather conditions. A key outcome of this work is that CH4 concentrations over Ethiopia are high in global context and have increased >0.1 ppm from 2002 to 2016; hence, there is a need to improve livestock management and production efficiency.
Modified NAM Microphysics for Forecasts of Deep Convective Storms
Authors: Aligo Eric A. , Ferrier Brad , Carley Jacob R.
Published: May 2018

The Ferrier–Aligo (FA) microphysics scheme has been running operationally in the National Centers for Environmental Prediction (NCEP) North American Mesoscale Forecast System (NAM) since August 2014. It was developed to improve forecasts of deep convection in the NAM contiguous United States (CONUS) nest, and it replaces previous versions of the NAM microphysics. The FA scheme is the culmination of extensive microphysical scheme sensitivity experiments made over nearly a dozen warm- and cool-season severe weather cases, as well as an extensive real-time testing in a full, system-wide developmental version of the NAM. While the FA scheme advects each hydrometeor species separately, it was the mass-weighted rime factor (RF) that allowed rimed ice to be advected to very cold temperatures aloft and improved the vertical structure of deep convection. Rimed ice fall speeds were reduced in order to offset an increase in bias of heavy precipitation as a consequence of the mass-weighted RF advection. The FA scheme also incorporated findings from 3-km model runs using the Thompson scheme, including 1) improved closure assumptions for large precipitating ice that targeted the convective and anvil regions of storms, 2) a new diagnostic calculation of radar reflectivity from rimed ice in association with intense convection, and 3) a variable rain intercept parameter that reduced widespread spurious weak reflectivity from shallow boundary layer clouds and increased stratiform rainfall.
Augmentation strategies for clozapine refractory schizophrenia: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Siskind Dan J , Lee Michael , Ravindran Arul , Zhang Qichen , Ma Evelyn , Motamarri Balaji , Kisely Steve
Published: May 2018

Background:

Although clozapine is the most effective medication for treatment refractory schizophrenia, only 40% of people will meet response criteria. We therefore undertook a systematic review and meta-analysis of global literature on clozapine augmentation strategies.

Methods:

We systematically reviewed PubMed, PsycInfo, Embase, Cochrane Database, Chinese Biomedical Literature Service System and China Knowledge Resource Integrated Database for randomised control trials of augmentation strategies for clozapine resistant schizophrenia. We undertook pairwise meta-analyses of within-class interventions and, where possible, frequentist mixed treatment comparisons to differentiate treatment effectiveness

Results:

We identified 46 studies of 25 interventions. On pairwise meta-analyses, the most effective augmentation agents for total psychosis symptoms were aripiprazole (standardised mean difference: 0.48; 95% confidence interval: −0.89 to −0.07) fluoxetine (standardised mean difference: 0.73; 95% confidence interval: −0.97 to −0.50) and, sodium valproate (standardised mean difference: 2.36 95% confidence interval: −3.96 to −0.75). Memantine was effective for negative symptoms (standardised mean difference: −0.56 95% confidence interval: −0.93 to −0.20). However, many of these results included poor-quality studies. Single studies of certain antipsychotics (penfluridol), antidepressants (paroxetine, duloxetine), lithium and Ginkgo biloba showed potential, while electroconvulsive therapy was highly promising. Mixed treatment comparisons were only possible for antipsychotics, and these gave similar results to the pairwise meta-analyses.

Conclusions:

On the basis of the limited data available, the best evidence is for the use of aripiprazole, fluoxetine and sodium valproate as augmentation agents for total psychosis symptoms and memantine for negative symptoms. However, these conclusions are tempered by generally short follow-up periods and poor study quality.
Understanding the Unique Needs of Hospitalized Adolescents and Young Adults Referred for Psychology Consults
Authors: Kullgren Kristin A. , Sullivan Sarah K. , Bravender Terrill
Published: May 2018

Hospitalized children and adolescents/young adults (AYA) frequently have mental health concerns that may be addressed by consulting psychology. We examined demographic, medical, referral, intervention, and disposition differences between children (≤11 years) and AYA referred for a psychology consult at a pediatric hospital (N = 1091). Referred AYA were more likely to be female, have shorter lengths of stay, and repeat psychology consults. Children were more likely to be referred for anxiety or feeding; AYA were more often referred for depression, pain, somatic complaints, or maladjustment. AYA were more often the target of intervention, receiving cognitive behavioral or problem-focused coping interventions, and more often recommended for psychological follow-up. AYA present unique medical and psychological challenges when hospitalized. Understanding these challenges will help providers improve the care and treatment of AYA. Academic training and future research recommendations are provided.
Cognitive Computing and Watson: Implications for Hospital Pharmacy
Authors: Fox Brent I.
Published: May 2018

This installment explores the domain of cognitive computing, using the well-known Watson as an example. The migration of computer manufacturers from a focus on hardware to a focus on services suggests the potential of these tools. Considerations for use of these tools in the health care system are provided.
Mood and the Perception of Sexual Interest in Different Cultural Contexts: A Comparison Between a Malaysian and a Swiss Sample
Authors: Goh Pei Hwa , Stoeckli Peter Lucas , Schoebi Dominik
Published: May 2018

The current study examined, on the basis of past findings and theories on mood and cognition, whether people’s perception of sexual interest from others would decrease when they are in a negative mood and increase when they are in a positive mood. Using repeated-measures experiments, university students in Switzerland ( n = 117) and Malaysia ( n = 117) underwent mood inducement procedures followed by participation in video-guided imagined interactions, where they judged the sexual interest of their interaction partners. Results revealed a dampening effect of negative mood on sexual perceptions in the Swiss sample. No significant mood differences in sexual perception were found in the Malaysian sample. Our results suggest that this sample difference may be associated with differences in endorsement of cultural values. The more people valued social harmony and stability, the less likely they were to succumb to mood effects on sexual perception.
Merciful Love Can Help Relieve the Emotional Suffering of Extreme States
Authors: Cornwall Michael W.
Published: May 2018

The subjective experience inherent in the act of offering merciful love by caregivers to those in extreme states is explored. Also, the subjective experience of receiving merciful love from caregivers by people in extreme states is explored. The author draws on both the personal experience of being in extreme states, and on the experience as a dissident Laingian–Jungian oriented therapist and researcher, specializing in serving people in extreme states for 40 years.
Building the Problem-Solving State: Bridging Networks and Experiments in the US Advisory Specialist Group in World War II
Authors: Berk Gerald
Published: May 2018

Hidden within the office of the Secretary of War during World War II was a little-known agency called the Advisory Specialist Group (ASG). Strategically located between the laboratory, the factory, the battlefield, and civilian bureaucracy, the ASG solved the complex problem of reconciling new technologies and new military operations. In doing so, it combined incongruous domains of activity, contributed to Allied victory, and opened a channel to the problem-solving state. It is easy to overlook or misunderstand the ASG, because it was born in processes, addressed problems, and took a form unfamiliar to historical institutionalists. Drawing on Padgett and Powell’s networked theory of organizational genesis and pragmatist theories of experimentalist governance, this article explains the ASG’s emergence, networked form, and experimentalist procedures. A founding moment for the problem-solving state, this case provides empirical and theoretical guidance to study its historical and ongoing evolution.
Racial/Ethnic Disparities in Readmissions in US Hospitals: The Role of Insurance Coverage
Authors: Basu Jayasree , Hanchate Amresh , Bierman Arlene
Published: May 2018

We examine differences in rates of 30-day readmissions across patients by race/ethnicity and the extent to which these differences were moderated by insurance coverage. We use hospital discharge data of patients in the 18 years and above age group for 5 US states, California, Florida, Missouri, New York, and Tennessee for 2009, the latest year prior to the start of Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services’ Hospital Compare program of public reporting of hospital performance on 30-day readmissions. We use logistic regression models by state to estimate the association between insurance status, race, and the likelihood of a readmission within 30 days of an index hospital admission for any cause. Overall in 5 states, non-Hispanic blacks had a slightly higher risk of 30-day readmissions relative to non-Hispanic whites, although this pattern varied by state and insurance coverage. We found higher readmission risk for non-Hispanic blacks, compared with non-Hispanic whites, among those covered by Medicare and private insurance, but lower risk among uninsured and similar risk among Medicaid. Hispanics had lower risk of readmissions relative to non-Hispanic whites, and this pattern was common across subgroups with private, Medicaid, and no insurance coverage. Uninsurance was associated with lower risk of readmissions among minorities but higher risk of readmissions among non-Hispanic whites relative to private insurance. The study found that risk of readmissions by racial ethnic groups varies by insurance status, with lower readmission rates among minorities who were uninsured compared with those with private insurance or Medicare, suggesting that lower readmission rates may not always be construed as a good outcome, because it could result from a lack of insurance coverage and poor access to care, particularly among the minorities.
Using Universal Kriging to Improve Neighborhood Physical Disorder Measurement
Authors: Mooney Stephen J. , Bader Michael D. M. , Lovasi Gina S. , Neckerman Kathryn M. , Rundle Andrew G. , Teitler Julien O.
Published: May 2018

Ordinary kriging, a spatial interpolation technique, is commonly used in social sciences to estimate neighborhood attributes such as physical disorder. Universal kriging, developed and used in physical sciences, extends ordinary kriging by supplementing the spatial model with additional covariates. We measured physical disorder on 1,826 sampled block faces across four U.S. cities (New York, Philadelphia, Detroit, and San Jose) using Google Street View imagery. We then compared leave-one-out cross-validation accuracy between universal and ordinary kriging and used random subsamples of our observed data to explore whether universal kriging could provide equal measurement accuracy with less spatially dense samples. Universal kriging did not always improve accuracy. However, a measure of housing vacancy did improve estimation accuracy in Philadelphia and Detroit (7.9 percent and 6.8 percent lower root mean square error, respectively) and allowed for equivalent estimation accuracy with half the sampled points in Philadelphia. Universal kriging may improve neighborhood measurement.
The Cold War and Latin American Area Studies in the Former USSR: Reflections and Reminiscences
Authors: Bartley Russell H.
Published: May 2018

All bodies of scholarship reflect societal mindsets and ideologies. Academic fields of geopolitical area studies exemplify this fact, having developed historically in response to the global objectives and related policy requirements of major nation-states over the past century and a half. In the case of Latin American area studies, the field was given decisive impetus by the Cold War, as were the related fields of Soviet and United States studies in each of the two contending superpowers. Discussion of a representative selection of Latin Americanists in the former USSR, their varied statuses within the Soviet academic establishment, and their professional relations with their U.S counterparts and of the development of Soviet Latin American area studies from the post–World War II years down to the demise of the USSR in the early 1990s makes clear that both Soviet and American academic establishments were constrained by Cold War political imperatives and accompanying mindsets that hampered but did not preclude the pursuit and achievement of genuine scholarship.

Todos los campos de estudio reflejan mentalidades e ideologías sociales. Los campos académicos de los estudios geopolíticos dan ejemplo de esto, dado que se desarrollaron en respuesta a los objetivos globales y requisitos políticos pertinentes de las principales naciones-estado durante el último siglo y medio. Los estudios sobre América Latina recibieron un impulso decisivo durante la Guerra Fría, junto con los estudios soviéticos y estadounidenses en cada una de las dos superpotencias contendientes. Un vistazo a una selección representativa de latinoamericanistas en la antigua URSS, sus variantes condiciones dentro del status quo académico soviético, y sus relaciones profesionales con sus contrapartes estadounidenses, así como al desarrollo de los estudios soviéticos sobre América Latina después la Segunda Guerra Mundial y hasta la desaparición de la URSS a principios de la década de 1990, dejan en claro que tanto los establecimientos académicos soviéticos como estadounidenses estaban constreñidos por los imperativos políticos de la Guerra Fría y la mentalidad acompañante. Esto obstaculizaba, pero no impedía, la búsqueda y el logro de auténtica investigación.
Whole‐Exome Sequencing of Sinonasal Small Cell Carcinoma Arising within a Papillary Schneiderian Carcinoma In Situ
Authors: Smith Joshua , Kulkarni Aditi , Birkeland Andrew C. , McHugh Jonathan B. , Brenner J. Chad
Published: May 2018

Objective

The pathogenetic underpinnings of extrapulmonary small cell carcinomas (EPSCCs) of the head and neck are poorly understood. We sought to describe the clinical case and whole‐exome DNA sequencing data of a patient with sinonasal Schneiderian carcinoma in situ whose tumor progressed to small cell carcinoma (SCC).

Study Design

Case report and whole‐exome sequencing of tumor DNA.

Setting

Academic medical center.

Subjects and Methods

A 52‐year‐old man with sinonasal Schneiderian carcinoma in situ whose tumor progressed to small cell carcinoma. We performed whole‐exome genetic sequencing and copy‐number variation (CNV) analysis of tumor and normal DNA extracted from flash‐frozen, paraffin‐embedded (FFPE) samples.

Results

A total of 93 high‐confidence, nonsynonymous somatic mutation events were identified in sinonasal SCC, including loss‐of‐function mutations in TP53, MAML3, a transcriptional coactivator of the Notch pathway, and GAS6, an activating ligand of the TAM family of tyrosine kinase receptors. Focal amplifications of chromosomal regions 6p25‐11.1, containing SOX4 and VEGFA, and 14q32.1‐32.3, containing AKT1 and the Notch inhibitory ligand DLK1, were also seen. Further CNV analysis revealed deletions in the critical cell cycle regulators CDKN2A, RB1, RBL1, and RBL2 and the chromatin modifier EP300.

Conclusions

Small cell carcinoma may rarely arise from sinonasal Schneiderian carcinoma in situ and exhibits similar genomic aberrations (eg, SOX amplification, Notch pathway inactivation) to pulmonary small cell carcinoma.
Are ecstasy induced serotonergic alterations overestimated for the majority of users?
Authors: Szigeti Balázs , Winstock Adam R , Erritzoe David , Maier Larissa J
Published: May 2018

Background:

Neuroimaging studies imply that the regular use of ±3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA), the major constituent of ecstasy pills, alters the brain’s serotonergic system in a dose-dependent manner. However, the relevance of these findings remains unclear due to limited knowledge about the ecstasy/MDMA use pattern of real-life users.

Aims:

We examined the representativeness of ecstasy users enrolled in neuroimaging studies by comparing their ecstasy use habits with the use patterns of a large, international sample.

Methods:

A systematic literature search revealed 10 imaging studies that compare serotonin transporter levels in recreational ecstasy users to matched controls. To characterize the ecstasy use patterns we relied on the Global Drug Survey, the world’s largest self-report database on drug use. The basis of the dose comparison were the Usual Amount (pills/session), Use Frequency (sessions/month) and Dose Intensity (pills/year) variables.

Results:

Both the average Usual Amount (pills/session) and Use Frequency (sessions/month) of neuroimaging study participants corresponded to the top 5–10% of the Global Drug Survey sample and imaging participants, on average, consumed 720% more pills over a year than the Global Drug Survey participants.

Conclusions:

Our findings suggest that the serotonin brain imaging literature has focused on unusually heavy ecstasy use and therefore the conclusions from these studies are likely to overestimate the extent of serotonergic alterations experienced by the majority of people who use ecstays.
Characterization, Categorization, and 5-Year Mortality of Medicine High Utilizer Inpatients
Authors: Dastidar Joyeeta G. , Jiang Min
Published: May 2018

Background:

Patients who are frequently admitted to Medicine inpatient services comprise a distinct subset of readmitted patients about whom not much is known.

Objective:

We sought to characterize this group including mortality rates, with the goal of better understanding this population.

Design:

Observational study of frequently hospitalized patients defined as 4 or more admissions over a 6-month period, with hospitalization defined as nonelective admission to the hospital.

Setting:

Single large academic medical center.

Patients:

Adult inpatients on general medicine and medicine subspecialty services.

Measurements:

The number of nonelective medicine hospitalizations, age, clinical conditions and comorbidities, calculation of an age-adjusted Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI), outpatient and emergency department visits, length of stay, costs of hospitalization, and mortality over a 5-year period. Descriptive statistics were used to characterize variables of interest.

Results:

We identified 153 patients with a total of 781 nonelective hospitalizations, totaling greater than 4000 hospital days and with charges of approximately US$9 million during the 6 months. Nearly all had insurance coverage and good outpatient follow-up (median of 7 appointments over the 6-month study period). Only 14% of those admissions qualified for observation status. Over 40% of patients had comorbid mental health disease or chronic narcotic dependence. Twenty-nine percent of patients died within 1 year; 50% were dead within 5 years. Age-adjusted CCI scores ranged annually from 3.00 to 3.58 among surviving patients versus 4.31 to 6.60 among deceased patients.

Conclusions:

These findings point to distinct groups of patients who are frequently hospitalized, and therefore would benefit from tailored management strategies: Those with progression of end-stage disease comprised one-third of the group and targeting that subset with palliative care referrals could help decrease readmission rates. Those with recurrent exacerbations of a chronic medical condition could be managed through telemanagement programs. Those with exacerbations of chronic pain could be addressed through collaboration with pain management specialists. Individualized care management plans may be useful for all, especially the latter two groups. Based on differences between survivors and deceased patients, an age-adjusted CCI score of 4 or 5 could be valuable sensitive or specific cutoffs, respectively, for predicting those who would benefit most from palliative care consultation regarding end-of-life goals and management.
Comparing Women’s and Men’s Sexual Offending Using a Statewide Incarcerated Sample: A Two-Study Design
Authors: Comartin Erin B. , Burgess-Proctor Amanda , Kubiak Sheryl , Bender Kimberly A. , Kernsmith Poco
Published: May 2018

This study identifies the characteristics that distinguish between women’s and men’s sexual offending. We compare women and men currently incarcerated for a sex offense in one state using two data sources: administrative data on sex offenders in the state prison ( N = 9,235) and subsample surveys ( n = 129). Bivariate and logistic regressions were used in these analyses. Women account for a small proportion (1.1%, N = 98) of incarcerated sex offenders. In the population, women and men were convicted of similar types of sex offenses. The subsample was demographically similar to the population. In the subsample, women were more likely than men to have a child victim, be the parent/guardian of the victim, have a co-offender, and repeatedly perpetrate against the same victim. Findings suggest that women convicted and sentenced for a sex offense differ from their male counterparts, with predictive factors being dependent upon the age of their victim(s). Sex offender treatment interventions developed for men are poorly suited to and may have limited efficacy for women.
Towards a Christian Ontology of Political Authority: The Relationship between Created Order and Providence in Oliver O’Donovan’s Theology of Political Authority
Authors: Cole Jonathan
Published: May 2018

This article argues that the formally similar conceptions of political authority provided in Oliver O’Donovan’s Resurrection and Moral Order and The Desire of the Nations appear to assume different ontologies of political authority. The former account conceives political authority as a special use of natural authorities found in the created order, where ‘authority’ is defined as what it is that evokes free and intelligible human action. The latter account, however, appears to attribute the existence of political authority exclusively to divine providence. I contend that these two accounts of political authority are ostensibly in tension. I also argue that O’Donovan’s subsequent ‘providentialist’ account of political authority is unable to explain how political authority can evoke free and intelligible action in political communities. I maintain that O’Donovan can remove this apparent tension by returning the essence of political authority to creation, as he did in Resurrection and Moral Order, and then regard the Christ-event as redeeming political authority rather than merely restricting its historical function to judgment, as he argues in The Desire of the Nations. The emergence of O’Donovan’s ‘Christian liberalism’ could then be regarded as the ‘work of divine providence in history’ facilitated by the redemption of the natural authorities in the created order.
Nanofiller-incorporated porous polymer electrolyte for electrochemical energy storage devices
Authors: Yadav Nitish , Mishra Kuldeep , Hashmi SA
Published: May 2018

We report the poly(vinylidene fluoride-co-hexafluoropropylene) (PVdF-HFP)-based microporous polymer membranes, prepared by phase inversion technique, incorporated with different amounts of nanosized zirconium dioxide (ZrO2) filler. Scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and thermal studies confirm the role of ZrO2 nanofiller to modify the polymer structure, pore geometry and crystallinity. The nanofillers interact with the PVdF-HFP chains via surface groups and electrostatic interactions, and their incorporation led to an increase in crystalline content of the membrane and ionic conductivity (when activated with a liquid electrolyte (LE)). A possible mechanism for the increase in crystallinity in the polymer due to interaction with nanofiller particles has also been presented. The optimized membrane has been saturated with an LE sodium perchlorate-ethylene carbonate:propylene carbonate for use as a separator/electrolyte in electrical double-layer capacitor (EDLC). The cells fabricated with the nanofiller-incorporated membrane show better performance in terms of specific electrode capacitance, specific energy and specific power (approximately 76 F g−1, approximately 20.9 Wh kg−1 and 2.62 kW kg−1) than the cells using the membrane devoid of nanofillers (approximately 61 F g−1, approximately 17.3 Wh kg−1 and approximately 3.16 kW kg−1), respectively. The EDLC shows approximately 85% retention in specific capacitance for 10,000 charge–discharge cycles.
Fuzzy uncertainty analysis in the flutter boundary of an aircraft wing subjected to a thrust force
Authors: Rezaei M , Fazelzadeh SA , Mazidi A , Khodaparast H Haddad
Published: May 2018

In this study, flutter uncertainty analysis of an aircraft wing subjected to a thrust force is investigated using fuzzy method. The linear wing model contains bending and torsional flexibility and the engine is considered as a rigid external mass with thrust force. Peters’ unsteady thin airfoil theory is used to model the aerodynamic loading. The aeroelastic governing equations are derived based on Hamilton’s principle and converted to a set of ordinary differential equations using Galerkin method. In the flutter analysis, it is assumed that the wing static deflections do not have influence on the results. The wing bending and torsional rigidity, aerodynamic lift curve slope and air density are considered as uncertain parameters and modelled as triangle and trapezium membership functions. The eigenvalue problem with fuzzy input parameters is solved using fuzzy Taylor expansion method and a sensitivity analysis is performed. Also, the upper and lower bounds of flutter region at different α-cuts are extracted. Results show that this method is a low-cost method with reasonable accuracy to estimate the flutter speed and frequency in the presence of uncertainties.
Stochastic finite-time H∞ filtering for nonlinear Markovian jump systems with partly known transition probabilities
Authors: Wang Bo , Cheng Jun , Zou Fucheng
Published: May 2018

This article investigates the problem of the stochastic finite-time [Formula: see text] filtering for continuous nonlinear Markovian jump systems with partly known transition probabilities. Based on linear matrix inequality techniques, a novel Lyapunov function is constructed to design a filter with a prescribed finite-time [Formula: see text] performance index. Reciprocally, convex approach is introduced to decrease the conservatism of achieved criteria. Finally, some numerical simulations are carried out to demonstrate the effectiveness of developed method.
Connecting people with city cultural heritage through proximity-based digital storytelling
Authors: Nosrati Fariba , Crippa Claudia , Detlor Brian
Published: May 2018

This paper describes a research investigation on a project led by two libraries, Hamilton Public Library and McMaster University Library, in Hamilton, Canada, concerning the use of proximity-based technologies to share digital stories about a city’s culture. Proximity-based technology systems, such as iBeacons, allow users to receive information automatically when they are close to a physical spot. The project involved the setup of iBeacons that disseminated digital stories pertaining to Gore Park – a prominent historical park in the heart of downtown Hamilton. To test the viability of using iBeacon technologies to raise interest in a city and promote appreciation for a city’s cultural heritage, a pilot study was conducted. The study included one-on-one interviews and a short survey with 50 participants from the general public immediately after these participants used an iBeacon app to experience digital stories about Gore Park. Findings suggest iBeacons are viable tools to share city cultural heritage stories that yield improved perceptions of a city and greater appreciation for a city’s culture and history. Participants were appreciative of the digital stories and the iBeacon app. All participants mentioned that they learned something new about the city and that the app was very informative. Findings indicate that individual differences are important and can affect not only the acceptance and use of an iBeacon digital storytelling app, but also the extent to which the app can promote interest in a city and appreciation for a city’s cultural heritage.
The Impact of Career and Technical Education on Students With Disabilities
Authors: Dougherty Shaun M. , Grindal Todd , Hehir Thomas
Published: May 2018

Evidence suggests that participating in career and technical education (CTE) in high school, on average, positively affects general education students when transitioning from education to the workforce. Yet, almost no large-scale causal research has explored whether academic benefits also accrue to students with disabilities in CTE. This omission is glaring given that students with disabilities participate in high school CTE programs at high rates. We use multiple years of administrative data from Massachusetts to estimate the effect of participating in CTE on the academic outcomes of students with disabilities. Compared with peers with similar disabilities who do not participate in CTE, students with disabilities in CTE programs perform comparably on standardized measures of student achievement but have higher probabilities of graduating from high school on time or earning industry-recognized certificates. Implications for policy and practice, particularly with regard to scaling access to similar programs, are discussed.
Strategic Communication in MBA Curricula: A Qualitative Study of Student Outcomes
Authors: Rennie Kathleen D. , Byrum Kristie , Tidwell Matt , Chitkara Angela K.
Published: May 2018

Using qualitative methods, this study demonstrates that the strategic communication curriculum is an important MBA program component. An audit was performed of syllabi used by schools teaching strategic communication as part of the Public Relations Society of America’s MBA/Business School Program. Interviews were then conducted with 20 respondents composing a purposive nonrandom sample of those who completed a course associated with Public Relations Society of America’s MBA/Business School Program. Researchers interpreted data using qualitative research approaches. Findings show that (a) crisis communication is a common topic in MBA-level strategic communication classes, (b) the inclusion of strategic communication curricula in MBA programs promotes new perspectives regarding the role of the public relations professional, (c) completion of MBA courses in strategic communication may advantageously position students for advancement in marketing and management positions, and (d) MBA students value case studies and interpretative analysis of real-world situations as part of strategic communication curricula.