bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Amino acid digestibility of heat damaged distillers dried grains with solubles fed to pigs
Authors: Almeida Ferdinando Nielsen , Htoo John Kyaw , Thomson John , Stein Hans Henrik
Published: November 2013

The primary objective of this experiment was to determine the effects of heat treatment on the standardized ileal digestibility (SID) of amino acids (AA) in corn distillers dried grains with solubles (DDGS) fed to growing pigs. The second objective was to develop regression equations that may be used to predict the concentration of SID AA in corn DDGS. A source of corn DDGS was divided into 4 batches that were either not autoclaved or autoclaved at 130°C for 10, 20, or 30 min. Four diets containing DDGS from each of the 4 batches were formulated with DDGS being the only source of AA and CP in the diets. A N-free diet also was formulated and used to determine the basal endogenous losses of CP and AA. Ten growing pigs (initial BW: 53.5 ± 3.9 kg) were surgically equipped with a T-cannula in the distal ileum and allotted to a replicated 5 × 4 Youden square design with 5 diets and 4 periods in each square. The SID of CP decreased linearly (P < 0.05) from 77.9% in non-autoclaved DDGS to 72.1, 66.1, and 68.5% in the DDGS samples that were autoclaved for 10, 20, or 30 min, respectively. The SID of lysine was quadratically reduced (P < 0.05) from 66.8% in the non-autoclaved DDGS to 54.9, 55.3, and 51.9% in the DDGS autoclaved for 10, 20, or 30 min, respectively. The concentrations of SID Arginine, Histidine, Leucine, Lysine, Methionine, Phenylalanine, or Threonine may be best predicted by equations that include the concentration of acid detergent insoluble N in the model (r2 = 0.76, 0.68, 0.67, 0.84, 0.76, 0.73, or 0.54, respectively). The concentrations of SID Isoleucine and Valine were predicted (r2 = 0.58 and 0.54, respectively) by the Lysine:CP ratio, whereas the concentration of SID Tryptophan was predicted (r2 = 0.70) by the analyzed concentration of Tryptophan in DDGS. In conclusion, the SID of AA is decreased as a result of heat damage and the concentration of SID AA in heat-damaged DDGS may be predicted by regression equations developed in this experiment.
Co-composting of pineapple leaves and chicken manure slurry
Authors: Ch'ng Huck Ywih , Ahmed Osumanu Haruna , Kassim Susilawati , Majid Nik Muhamad Ab
Published: November 2013

Background

The common practice of clearing pineapple (Ananas comosus) residues for land preparation for cultivation is by burning, an unsustainable agricultural practice that causes environmental pollution. Chicken manure produced from the poultry industry is also increasing. Inappropriate disposal or treatment can pose harm to the environment and humans. In order to reduce environmental pollution, pineapple leaves and chicken manure slurry were co-composted to obtain high-quality organic fertilizer. The shredded pineapple leaves were thoroughly mixed with chicken manure slurry, chicken feed and molasses in polystyrene boxes. Co-compost temperature readings were taken three times daily.

Results

Nitrogen and P concentrations increased whereas C content was reduced throughout the co-composting. The CEC increased from 32.5 to 65.6 cmol kg-1 indicating humified organic material. Humic acid and ash contents also increased from 11.3% to 24.0% and 6.7% to 15.8%, respectively. The pH of the co-compost increased from 6.14 to 7.89. The final co-compost had no foul odour, low heavy metal content and comparable amount of nutrients. Seed germination indices of phytotoxicity test were above 80% of final co-compost. This suggests that the co-compost produced was phytotoxic-free and matured.

Conclusion

High-quality co-compost can be produced by co-composting pineapple leaves and chicken manure slurry and thus have potential to reduce environmental pollution that could result from poorly managed agricultural wastes.
RPE specification in the chick is mediated by surface ectoderm-derived BMP and Wnt signalling
Authors: Steinfeld Jörg , Steinfeld Ichie , Coronato Nicola , Hampel Meggi-Lee , Layer Paul G. , Araki Masasuke , Vogel-Höpker Astrid
Published: November 2013

The retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) is indispensable for vertebrate eye development and vision. In the classical model of optic vesicle patterning, the surface ectoderm produces fibroblast growth factors (FGFs) that specify the neural retina (NR) distally, whereas TGFβ family members released from the proximal mesenchyme are involved in RPE specification. However, we previously proposed that bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) released from the surface ectoderm are essential for RPE specification in chick. We now show that the BMP- and Wnt-expressing surface ectoderm is required for RPE specification. We reveal that Wnt signalling from the overlying surface ectoderm is involved in restricting BMP-mediated RPE specification to the dorsal optic vesicle. Wnt2b is expressed in the dorsal surface ectoderm and subsequently in dorsal optic vesicle cells. Activation of Wnt signalling by implanting Wnt3a-soaked beads or inhibiting GSK3β at optic vesicle stages inhibits NR development and converts the entire optic vesicle into RPE. Surface ectoderm removal at early optic vesicle stages or inhibition of Wnt, but not Wnt/β-catenin, signalling prevents pigmentation and downregulates the RPE regulatory gene Mitf. Activation of BMP or Wnt signalling can replace the surface ectoderm to rescue MITF expression and optic cup formation. We provide evidence that BMPs and Wnts cooperate via a GSK3β-dependent but β-catenin-independent pathway at the level of pSmad to ensure RPE specification in dorsal optic vesicle cells. We propose a new dorsoventral model of optic vesicle patterning, whereby initially surface ectoderm-derived Wnt signalling directs dorsal optic vesicle cells to develop into RPE through a stabilising effect of BMP signalling.
Insm1 controls development of pituitary endocrine cells and requires a SNAG domain for function and for recruitment of histone-modifying factors
Authors: Welcker Jochen E. , Hernandez-Miranda Luis R. , Paul Florian E. , Jia Shiqi , Ivanov Andranik , Selbach Matthias , Birchmeier Carmen
Published: November 2013

The Insm1 gene encodes a zinc finger factor expressed in many endocrine organs. We show here that Insm1 is required for differentiation of all endocrine cells in the pituitary. Thus, in Insm1 mutant mice, hormones characteristic of the different pituitary cell types (thyroid-stimulating hormone, follicle-stimulating hormone, melanocyte-stimulating hormone, adrenocorticotrope hormone, growth hormone and prolactin) are absent or produced at markedly reduced levels. This differentiation deficit is accompanied by upregulated expression of components of the Notch signaling pathway, and by prolonged expression of progenitor markers, such as Sox2. Furthermore, skeletal muscle-specific genes are ectopically expressed in endocrine cells, indicating that Insm1 participates in the repression of an inappropriate gene expression program. Because Insm1 is also essential for differentiation of endocrine cells in the pancreas, intestine and adrenal gland, it is emerging as a transcription factor that acts in a pan-endocrine manner. The Insm1 factor contains a SNAG domain at its N-terminus, and we show here that the SNAG domain recruits histone-modifying factors (Kdm1a, Hdac1/2 and Rcor1-3) and other proteins implicated in transcriptional regulation (Hmg20a/b and Gse1). Deletion of sequences encoding the SNAG domain in mice disrupted differentiation of pituitary endocrine cells, and resulted in an upregulated expression of components of the Notch signaling pathway and ectopic expression of skeletal muscle-specific genes. Our work demonstrates that Insm1 acts in the epigenetic and transcriptional network that controls differentiation of endocrine cells in the anterior pituitary gland, and that it requires the SNAG domain to exert this function in vivo.
Biogenesis of intronic miRNAs located in clusters by independent transcription and alternative splicing
Authors: Ramalingam Pradeep , Palanichamy Jayanth Kumar , Singh Anand , Das Prerna , Bhagat Mohita , Kassab Muzaffer Ahmad , Sinha Subrata , Chattopadhyay Parthaprasad
Published: November 2013

miRNAs are generally classified as “intergenic” or “intronic” based upon their genomic location. Intergenic miRNAs are known to be transcribed as independent transcription units, while intronic miRNAs are believed to be processed from the introns of their hosting transcription units and hence share common regulatory mechanisms and expression patterns with its host gene. Recent reports in the literature suggest that some intronic miRNAs, which do not show concordance in expression with their respective host genes, might be transcribed and regulated as independent transcription units. However, there is no direct evidence for the existence of independently transcribed intronic miRNA in humans to date. We have characterized the full-length primary transcripts (pri-miRNAs) of three human intronic miRNAs—miR 106b, miR 93, and miR 24-1—by RNA ligase-mediated RACE and show that human intronic miRNA can indeed be transcribed as independent transcription units. Also, clustered miRNAs are generally believed to arise from a common primary transcript and are expected to have similar expression profiles. However, we have identified several novel alternatively spliced transcripts by RT-PCR, each of which harbors a single pre-miRNA from a cluster of closely located intronic miRNAs. We show that these transcripts represent unique pri-miRNAs for each of these clustered miRNAs. We also report the identification of conserved splice acceptor signals which are responsible for maturation of these novel splice variants. Our results suggest that alternative splicing might play a role in uncoupling the expression of clustered miRNAs from each other, which otherwise are generally believed to be co-transcribed and co-expressed.
Mapping whole genome shotgun sequence and variant calling in mammalian species without their reference genomes
Authors: Kalbfleisch Ted , Heaton Michael P.
Published: November 2013

Genomics research in mammals has produced reference genome sequences that are essential for identifying variation associated with disease.  High quality reference genome sequences are now available for humans, model species, and economically important agricultural animals.  Comparisons between these species have provided unique insights into mammalian gene function.  However, the number of species with reference genomes is small compared to those needed for studying molecular evolutionary relationships in the tree of life.  For example, among the even-toed ungulates there are approximately 300 species whose phylogenetic relationships have been calculated in the 10k trees project.  Only six of these have reference genomes:  cattle, swine, sheep, goat, water buffalo, and bison.  Although reference sequences will eventually be developed for additional hoof stock, the resources in terms of time, money, infrastructure and expertise required to develop a quality reference genome may be unattainable for most species for at least another decade.  In this work we mapped 35 Gb of next generation sequence data of a Katahdin sheep to its own species’ reference genome (Ovis aries Oar3.1) and to that of a species that diverged 15 to 30 million years ago (Bos taurus UMD3.1).  In total, 56% of reads covered 76% of UMD3.1 to an average depth of 6.8 reads per site, 83 million variants were identified, of which 78 million were homozygous and likely represent interspecies nucleotide differences. Excluding genome repeat regions and sex chromosomes, approximately 3.7 million heterozygous sites were identified in this animal vs. bovine UMD3.1, representing polymorphisms occurring in sheep.  Of these, 41% could be readily mapped to orthologous positions in ovine Oar3.1 with 80% corroborated as heterozygous.  These variant sites, identified via interspecies mapping could be used for comparative genomics, disease association studies, and ultimately to understand mammalian gene function.
Paradigm-Changing vs. Paradigm-Deepening Innovation: How Firm Scope Influences Firm Technological Response to Shocks
Authors: Ahuja Gautam , Lampert Curba Morris , Tandon Vivek
Published: November 2013

We examine the direction of firms’ research efforts as they respond to the shock of a sharp increase in the price of a key input. In terms of direction, firms can respond to this shock with paradigm-changing investments that develop technologies to use substitute inputs or with paradigm-deepening investments that develop technologies to improve the utilization efficiency of the existing input. We develop a framework that suggests that firms’ emphasis on paradigm-changing versus paradigm-deepening investments depends on the degree of input-relatedness across their businesses. We test our hypotheses by examining the responses of large manufacturing firms in the United States to the oil shock of the early 1980s. Our framework predicts and our results show that the more related a firm’s businesses are, the larger its investments into paradigm-changing technologies are and the smaller its investments into paradigm-deepening technologies in response to the oil shock are. We identify the implications of these findings for technological evolution and diversification literatures.
Group-Buying Deal Popularity
Authors: Luo Xueming , Andrews Michelle , Song Yiping , Aspara Jaakko
Published: November 2013

Group-buying (GB) deals entail a two-phase decision process. First, consumers decide whether to buy a deal. Second, they decide when to redeem the deal, conditional on purchase. Guided by theories of social influence and observational learning, the authors develop a framework predicting that (1) deal popularity increases consumers’ purchase likelihood and decreases redemption time, conditional on purchase, and (2) the social influence–related factors of referral intensity and group consumption amplify these effects. The authors test this framework and support it using a unique data set of 30,272 customers of a GB website with several million data points. Substantially, these findings reveal a two-phase perspective of GB, longevity effects of deal popularity, and the amplifying role of customer referrals (influencing others) in the effects of deal popularity (others’ influence). In light of the criticism of GB industry practice, this study builds the case for GB websites and merchants to heed deal popularity information and the social influence–related contingencies.
TRANSITION IN ENDOCRINOLOGY: Treatment of Turner's syndrome during transition
Authors: Gawlik Aneta , Malecka-Tendera Ewa
Published: November 2013

Transition in health care for young patients with Turner's syndrome (TS) should be perceived as a staged but uninterrupted process starting in adolescence and moving into adulthood. As a condition associated with high risk of short stature, cardiovascular diseases, ovarian failure, hearing loss and hypothyroidism, TS requires the attention of a multidisciplinary team. In this review paper, we systematically searched the relevant literature from the last decade to discuss the array of problems faced by TS patients and to outline their optimal management during the time of transfer to adult service. The literature search identified 233 potentially relevant articles of which 114 were analysed. The analysis confirmed that all medical problems present during childhood should also be followed in adult life. Additionally, screening for hypertension, diabetes mellitus, dyslipidaemia, and osteoporosis is needed. After discharge from the paediatric clinic, there is still a long way to go.
Evaluation of winter temperatures on apple budbreak using grafted twigs
Authors: Hawerroth Fernando José , Herter Flavio Gilberto , Petri José Luiz , Marafon Anderson Carlos , Leonetti Jeison Furtado
Published: November 2013

Temperature is the main climate factor related to induction, maintenance and dormancy release in apple (Malus domestica Borkh.). The inadequate chilling exposure in apples causes budbreak problems, resulting in decrease in yield potential. Thus, the knowledge of physiological principles and environmental factors determining the dormancy phenomenon, especially winter temperature effects, it is necessary for the efficient selection of cultivars in a productive region. In addition, it is indispensable to adapt the orchard management aiming to decrease the problems caused by lack chilling during winter. The objective of this study was to evaluate the influence of different thermal conditions during the dormancy period on budbreak of apple cultivars. One-year-old twigs of 'Castel Gala' and 'Royal Gala' cultivars, grafted on M7 rootstock, were submitted to temperatures of 5, 10 and 15ºC for different exposure periods (168; 336; 672; 1,008 and 1,344 hours). After treatments execution, the plants were kept in a greenhouse at 25ºC. Budbreak was quantified when accumulated 3,444; 6,888; 10,332; 13,776; 17,220 and 20,664 GDHºC after temperature treatments. The cultivars responded differently to temperature effect during the winter period. The temperature of 15ºC during winter shows a greater effectiveness on 'Castel Gala' apple budbreak while in the 'Royal Gala' apples the temperatures of 5 and 10ºC show better performance. 'Castel Gala' cultivar (low chilling requirement) may supply its physiological necessities, may be capable to budburst, even when subjected to higher temperatures in relation to 'Royal Gala' apples (high chilling requirement).
Fluxos de radiação solar global em vinhedos de altitude de São Joaquim-SC
Authors: Campos Claudia Guimarães Camargo , Vieira Hamilton Justino , Back Álvaro Jose , Silva Aparecido Lima da
Published: November 2013

O presente trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar e quantificar a partição de energia solar em cultivos de videira (Vitis vinifera L.) em São Joaquim-SC. Consideraram-se três diferentes posicionamentos dos sensores de radiação solar global: voltados para leste, oeste e no topo do dossel. Observou-se que, em plantas de videira conduzidas em espaldeira e posicionadas no sentido norte-sul, o ciclo diurno de radiação solar global apresentou características diferentes entre as faces leste e oeste do dossel, tanto em relação à disponibilidade, quanto à intensidade de radiação. Verificou-se que é em torno das 10 h que ocorre a maior disponibilidade de radiação solar na face leste (363W.m-2) e na face oeste ocorre próximo das 16 h (290W.m-2). A máxima disponibilidade de radiação solar global no topo do dossel é registrada próximo das 13 h (612W.m-2). Cerca de 30% a 40% da radiação solar global incidente está disponível nas faces leste e oeste do dossel, com valor superior para a face o leste. Na região de estudo, observou-se maior disponibilidade de radiação solar global nos meses de novembro e dezembro, período que correspondeu ao maior crescimento dos ramos da videira.
Características físicas e químicas de frutos de pupunheira no Estado do Pará
Authors: Carvalho Ana Vânia , Beckman Jacqueline Chaves , Maciel Renan de Almeida , Farias Neto João Tomé de
Published: November 2013

O objetivo deste estudo foi caracterizar física e físico-quimicamente frutos de 21 matrizes de pupunheira (Bactris gasipaes Kunth), visando a obter subsídios que permitam avançar com o programa de melhoramento genético, em especial para características da polpa do fruto. Os frutos provenientes de diferentes genótipos foram caracterizados quanto à dimensão dos frutos e caroço, umidade, proteínas, lipídeos, cinzas, fibras e carotenoides totais. Os resultados obtidos para as diferentes variáveis analisadas demonstraram diferenças entre os frutos obtidos de diferentes genótipos. A análise de proteínas apresentou valores que variaram de 4,20 a 6,79%, com destaque para a matriz B04-P20, que apresentou o maior valor. Para lipídeos, os teores variaram bastante, com valores entre 8,25 e 40,83%, destacando-se a matriz B02-P30 com o maior teor de lipídeos. Os teores de carotenoides totais das matrizes de pupunheira variaram de 8,02 a 124,90µg/g, com destaque para as matrizes B02-P30 (124,90µg/g) e B05-P45 (123,04µg/g), indicando que a pupunha pode contribuir de maneira importante na ingestão de antioxidantes na dieta. De maneira geral, as análises físicas e físico-químicas dos frutos mostraram diferenças significativas entre as matrizes para os caracteres estudados, evidenciando ser um conjunto geneticamente promissor para a prática da seleção.
Crescimento do abacaxizeiro 'vitória' irrigado sob diferentes densidades populacionais, fontes e doses de nitrogênio
Authors: Cardoso Maurício Mendes , Pegoraro Rodinei Facco , Maia Victor Martins , Kondo Marcos Koiti , Fernandes Luiz Arnaldo
Published: November 2013

Com o objetivo de avaliar o crescimento do abacaxizeiro 'Vitória' irrigado, submetido ao aumento da densidade populacional, e doses de N na região norte de Minas Gerais, foi instalado um experimento em esquema fatorial 5 x 4 x 4, correspondendo a cinco doses de N (0; 5; 10; 15 e 20 g planta-1), quatro populações de plantas (51.282; 76.923; 90.909 e 126.984 plantas ha-1) e quatro épocas de avaliação (270; 360; 450 e 540 dias após o plantio - DAP), utilizando ureia ou esterco bovino como fonte de N. Aos 540 dias após o plantio - DAP (época de indução floral), foi avaliado o efeito das fontes de N por meio do fatorial 2 x 5 x 4, que consistiu em : duas fontes N (ureia e esterco bovino), cinco doses de N e quatro populações de plantas, conforme estudo anterior. Utilizou-se o delineamento em blocos casualizados, com três repetições, com mudas micropropagadas da cultivar Vitória. Avaliaram-se as características de crescimento da planta (número de folhas emitidas, comprimento e peso da folha "D" e diâmetro do caule), além do peso dos frutos com e sem coroa no final do cultivo. Não foi observada interação entre densidade de plantio, doses de N e dias após o plantio (DAP). O aumento da densidade de plantio reduziu o diâmetro do caule do abacaxizeiro, no entanto não interferiu no peso dos frutos, indicando a possibilidade de aumento da população de plantas para o incremento da produtividade. A utilização de ureia como fonte de N promoveu maior crescimento e peso dos frutos do abacaxizeiro. A utilização de doses de N na forma de ureia e esterco promoveu maior crescimento do abacaxizeiro e incremento linearmente no peso dos frutos, indicando a dose de 20 g planta-1 na forma de ureia, como recomendação de adubação nitrogenada para o cultivo do abacaxizeiro 'Vitória' irrigado.
Diversidade genética em coleções amazônicas de germoplasma de cupuaçuzeiro [Theobroma grandiflorum (Willd. ex Spreng.) Schum.]
Authors: Alves Rafael Moysés , Silva Carlos Rogério de Sousa , Silva Maria Suellem da Conceição , Silva Darly Caroline de Souza , Sebbenn Alexandre Magno
Published: November 2013

Este trabalho teve por finalidade avaliar a diversidade genética e o parentesco de 24 acessos de Theobroma grandiflorum, introduzidos de três unidades da Embrapa, objetivando sua utilização como genitores no programa de hibridação da espécie. Os marcadores genéticos utilizados foram lócus heterólogos de microssatélites desenvolvidos para cacaueiro. Foram encontrados 45 alelos na população estudada. O número médio efetivo de alelos por lócus (2,33) foi menor do que o número médio de alelos por lócus (3,21), indicando que muitos alelos têm baixa frequência. A heterozigosidade observada nos lócus polimórficos variou de 0,33 a 1,00 com média de 0,54 e a heterozigosidade esperada variou entre 0,48 a 0,76 com média de 0,54. O índice de fixação médio entre lócus (0,003) não foi significativamente diferente de zero. A estimativa do parentesco entre pares de indivíduos indica que alguns podem ser parentes, entre meios-irmãos e clones. Os resultados sugerem que os acessos de Theobroma grandiflorum analisados contêm um moderado nível de diversidade genética e ausência de endogamia e, portanto, grande potencial para utilização em programas de melhoramento genético.
Desenvolvimento de plântulas de pessegueiro 'Okinawa' inoculadas com micorrizas arbusculares isoladas de pomares de pessegueiros e de vinhedos
Authors: Nunes José Luís da Silva , Souza Paulo Vitor Dutra de , Marodin Gilmar Arduino Bettio , Fachinello José Carlos
Published: November 2013

O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a influência das espécies de micorrizas arbusculares (MA) Glomus clarum e Glomus etunicatum isoladas de pomares de pessegueiros e de vinhedos sobre o crescimento vegetativo, conteúdo de macronutrientes e substâncias de reserva em plantas do porta-enxerto de pessegueiro cv. Okinawa. O experimento foi conduzido em telado, com delineamento experimental de blocos casualizados, em parcelas subdivididas, com 15 plantas por parcela e quatro repetições. A inoculação dos isolados de MA favoreceu a absorção de nitrogênio, fósforo e potássio, contribuindo para que as plantas inoculadas apresentassem as maiores respostas em altura, diâmetro, área foliar, biomassa fresca e seca da parte aérea, e conteúdo de reservas, superiores às plantas não inoculadas. A eficiência da simbiose foi maior com os isolados oriundos de pomares de pessegueiros, quando comparados aos isolados oriundos de vinhedos.
Composto orgânico em mangueiras (Mangifera indica L.) cultivadas no semiárido do nordeste brasileiro
Authors: Silva Davi José , Mouco Maria Aparecida do Carmo , Gava Carlos Alberto Tuão , Giongo Vanderlise , Pinto José Maria
Published: November 2013

O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar as características químicas do solo, a concentração de nutrientes nas folhas e a produção de mangueiras cultivadas em sistema orgânico. Três compostos denominados A, B e C foram aplicados em três doses cada (0; 5 e 10 t ha-1), em área comercial de produção de mangueira em cultivo orgânico. O experimento foi conduzido no delineamento de blocos ao acaso, em fatorial 3 x 3 (3 compostos x 3 doses), com três repetições. Os compostos orgânicos foram elaborados com resíduos animais e vegetais, enriquecidos com torta de mamona, MB4® e termofosfato. O enriquecimento mostrou-se eficiente em aumentar a concentração de nutrientes nos compostos. Os compostos orgânicos aumentaram os teores de matéria orgânica do solo (MOS), com destaque para o composto C, que apresentou teores totais mais elevados de P, K, Ca, Mg, B, Cu, Mn e Zn. A MOS aumentou linearmente com o aumento das doses do composto. A produção e o número de frutos por planta foram maiores com os compostos B e C, que por sua vez apresentaram maiores concentrações totais de nutrientes. As doses de composto proporcionaram aumento linear na concentração foliar de N. A produção de frutos e o número de frutos por planta apresentaram aumento quadrático com as doses de composto, sem apresentar um ponto de máxima.
A densidade conflitiva da república nos Discorsi de Maquiavel
Authors: Abreu Maria Aparecida Azevedo
Published: November 2013

O caráter positivo da conflitividade na república nos Discorsi de Maquiavel já é algo bastante reconhecido nos debates acadêmico internacional e nacional. O objetivo deste artigo é explorar como o conflito de interesses é tratado nessa obra e qual seu alcance. Para esse fim, serão debatidas as concepções de liberdade e de grandeza presentes no mesmo livro. A partir desse debate, o conflito maquiaveliano será caracterizado como aquele formado por interesses coletivos e comuns, passíveis de serem expressos por meio de mecanismos institucionais públicos e transparentes e que, nessa medida, se torna elemento constitutivo da liberdade da república. Tal caracterização, sem dúvida, dá à obra do autor uma atualidade bastante fecunda.
Competitive ability of black common bean genotypes with weeds
Authors: Vogt Gilcimar Adriano , Balbinot Junior Alvadi Antonio , Trezzi Michelangelo Muzell , Backes Rogério Luiz , Nicknich Waldir
Published: November 2013

The morpho-physiologic characteristics of common bean plants can affect their competitive ability with weeds. The objective of this work was to evaluate the competitive ability of black bean genotypes with weeds. An experiment was carried out in the 2010/11 cropping season in Papanduva, SC, southern Brazil, in order to verify the variability of some plant characteristics among genotypes of common bean. The randomized block design was used, with four replications. Seven cultivars underwent the treatments: BRS Campeiro, CHP 01-238, CHP 01-239, Diamante Negro, BRS Supremo, BRS Valente, IPR Uirapuru, FTS Soberano, IPR Graúna, IPR Tiziu e IAC Diplomata. At 6, 14, 18, 25 and 32 days after emergence (DAE) were evaluated plant height, ground cover by common bean plants, dry biomass of stems and leaves, and grain yield. In the 2011/12 cropping season the same cultivars were grown in the presence or absence of weeds, adopting similar methodology to the 2010/11. The losses of grain yield in black common bean genotypes due to weed interference ranged from 30.8% to 54.9%. There was a positive correlation between yield reduction promoted by the weed infestation and dry biomass produced by the weeds. In addition, there was a positive correlation between percentage of yield reduction due to the weed infestation and grain yield without weed interference. The characteristics evaluated did not estimate the competitive ability of black common bean genotypes with weeds.
Soil physical properties of high mountain fields under bauxite mining
Authors: Barros Dalmo Arantes de , Pereira José Aldo Alves , Ferreira Mozart Martins , Silva Bruno Montoani , Ferreira Filho Diógenes , Nascimento Gleisson de Oliveira
Published: November 2013

Mining contributes to the life quality of contemporary society, but can generate significant impacts, these being mitigated due to environmental controls adopted. This study aimed to characterize soil physical properties in high-altitude areas affected by bauxite mining, and to edaphic factors responses to restoration techniques used to recover mined areas in Poços de Caldas plateau, MG, Brazil. The experiment used 3 randomized block design involving within 2 treatments (before mining intervention and after environmental recovery), and 4 replicates (N=24). In each treatment, soil samples with deformed structures were determined: granulometry, water-dispersible clay content, flocculation index, particle density, stoniness level, water aggregate stability, and organic matter contend. Soil samples with preserved structures were used to determine soil density and the total volume of pores, macropores, and micropores. Homogenization of stoniness between soil layers as a result of soil mobilization was observed after the mined area recovery. Stoniness decreased in 0.10-0.20 m layer after recovery, but was similar in the 0-0.10 m layer in before and after samples. The recovery techniques restored organic matter levels to pre-mining levels. However, changes in soil, including an increase in soil flocculation degree and a decrease in water-dispersible clays, were still apparent post-recovery. Furthermore, mining operations caused structural changes to the superficial layer of soil, as demonstrated by an increase in soil density and a decrease in total porosity and macroporosity. Decreases in the water stability of aggregates were observed after mining operations.
Pela possibilidade do uso de novas metáforas na pesquisa transcultural: menos distância e mais fricção
Authors: Celano Ana , Guedes Ana Lucia
Published: November 2013

A metáfora da distância cultural vem dominando a área de estudos transculturais há mais de quatro décadas por meio de uma visão centrada, sobretudo, no interesse econômico e nas diferenças culturais entre países. O uso dessa metáfora se fundamenta em epistemologia positivista e adota lentes de uma visão estreita; embora, paradoxalmente, seja aplicada à área internacional. O objetivo deste artigo é problematizar os argumentos de Shenkar (2001; 2008) e Luo e Shenkar (2007), segundo os quais a metáfora de "distância" não é apropriada para compreensão, descrição e análise do impacto da questão cultural em negócios internacionais. Propõe-se, aqui, sua substituição pela metáfora da "fricção cultural", que captura de forma mais legítima a essência das questões transculturais aplicadas aos fenômenos em negócios internacionais.
As Regiões Metropolitanas no Brasil e o problema institucional de cooperação: a trajetória das Regiões Metropolitanas de Natal e Aracaju
Authors: Santos Diego Fiel , Fernandes Antônio Sérgio Araújo , Teixeira Marco Antonio Carvalho
Published: November 2013

O trabalho analisa a evolução do processo de institucionalização das Regiões Metropolitanas brasileiras, tendo como objeto empírico os casos de Natal-RN e Aracaju-SE. Por meio da análise institucional histórica e comparada sobre a constituição dos arranjos normativos das Regiões Metropolitanas de Aracaju e Natal, busca-se compreender como se deu o processo de formação, cooperação na gestão das áreas metropolitanas analisadas. Apesar dos diferentes contextos específicos respectivos de cada Região Metropolitana, observa-se como característica comum em ambas que não existem mecanismos institucionais e de cooperação tanto Federativos quanto intrametropolitanos que incentivem o interesse por parte dos entes federados para a cooperação. Ainda que exista uma frágil motivação política nos dois casos analisados, estes mostram uma baixa institucionalização, o que caracteriza estas duas regiões metropolitanas como um quadro de cooperação incipiente tornando inviável avançar em termos de gestão metropolitana.
Burnout in dental students: effectiveness of different methods
Authors: Campos Juliana Alvares Duarte Bonini , Jordani Paula Cristina , Zucoloto Miriane Lucindo , Bonafé Fernanda Salloume Sampaio , Maroco João
Published: November 2013

OBJECTIVE: This study was proposed to estimate the effectiveness of different screening methods of the Burnout Syndrome among dental students. MATERIAL AND METHOD: The Burnout Syndrome assessment was performed using the Oldenburg Inventory-Student survey (OLBI-SS) and the Copenhagen Inventory-Student survey (CBI‑SS). The Maslach Burnout Inventory-Student survey (MBI-SS) was used as the gold standard. The psychometric properties of the instruments were measured. The second-order hierarchical model was estimated to calculate the overall scores for OLBI-SS and CBI-SS, and ROC curves were constructed and the areas were estimated (AUROC). RESULT: A total of 235 undergraduate students participated in this study. The instruments showed an adequate reliability and validity; however three questions had to be removed from OLBI-SS and one from CBI-SS. The Exhaustion dimension of OLBI-SS, and Personal Burnout and Study related Burnout of CBI-SS presented a good discriminating capacity. CONCLUSION: CBI-SS showed higher discriminating capacity, than OLBI-SS, to identify the Burnout Syndrome (DAUROC=.172 [.103-.240]; p<.05).
Evaluation of the pH, calcium release and antibacterial activity of MTA Fillapex
Authors: Kuga Milton Carlos , Faria Gisele , Weckwerth Paulo Henrique , Duarte Marco Antonio Hungaro , Campos Edson Alves De , Só Marcus Vinicius Reis , Viola Kennia Scapin
Published: November 2013

OBJECTIVE: This study evaluated, in several analysis periods, pH and calcium release and antibacterial activity provided by MTA Fillapex sealer compared to Sealapex and AH Plus sealers. MATERIAL AND METHOD: Polyethylene tubes were filled with a sealer and immersed in distilled water. After 24 hours, 14 and 28 days, pH and calcium release by endodontic sealers were evaluated directly in water which the tubes were stored. Sealers antibacterial activity was evaluated against Enterococcus faecalis and Staphylococcus aureus by means of agar diffusion test. All data were submitted to ANOVA and Tukey tests (α=0.05). RESULT: In all periods evaluated, Sealapex had the highest pH value (p<0.05) in comparison to other sealers and MTA Fillapex provided higher pH values than AH Plus (p<0.05). In 14-days period, MTA Fillapex had greater calcium release value than Sealapex (p<0.05). In 28-days period, Sealapex provided higher calcium release than MTA Fillapex (p<0.05). In all periods, AH Plus provided lower calcium release than other sealers (p<0.05). In relation to E. faecalis, there were no differences among the sealers, in relation to antibacterial activity (p>0.05). In relation to S. aureus, Sealapex presented better antibacterial effectiveness than the MTA Fillapex and AH Plus (p<0.05), which were similar each other (p>0.05). CONCLUSION: In final evaluation period, pH values and calcium release provided by MTA Fillapex were lower than provided by Sealapex and higher than provided by AH Plus. The MTA Fillapex antimicrobial action was similar to other endodontic sealers.
Correlation between dental caries and nutritional status: preschool children in a Brazilian municipality
Authors: Xavier Angela , Bastos Roosevelt Da Silva , Arakawa Aline Megumi , Caldana Magali De Lourdes , Bastos José Roberto De Magalhães
Published: November 2013

INTRODUCTION: Dental caries and nutritional status in children in preschool age are serious public health problems, with multifactorial etiology, with diet as a common risk factor. OBJECTIVE: This cross-sectional study assessed the relationship between dental caries and nutritional status of preschool children attending public schools in a city in the State of Sao Paulo. MATERIAL AND METHOD: The study population was comprised of 3-5 year-old preschool children (n = 229) attending public schools, in which dmft (decay, missing, filled, teeth) was used for dental caries assessment and Body Mass Index (BMI) was used for nutritional status in accordance with the recommendations of the World Health Organization. Statistical analysis was performed in a descriptive way through absolute and relative frequencies and Spearman Correlation test and Kruskal Wallis (P<0.05). RESULT: A dmft of 1.65 (2.87) and a SiC index (Significant Caries Index) of 4.88 (3.20) have been found, indicating polarization of dental caries. It was observed that 66.81% of children presented with nutritional status within the normal range and children with malnutrition had a mean dmft of 4.0 (3.66), which is two times higher than the other categories of nutritional status. No statistically significant correlation has been found by correlating dmft and components with Body Mass Index. CONCLUSION: This research did not identify a significant correlation between the occurrence of dental caries and nutritional status of preschool children, researches should be conducted to elucidate this relationship.
Hysterionica (Asteraceae: Astereae) para o Brasil
Authors: Schneider Angelo Alberto , Modelski Vanessa , Boldrin Ilsi Iob
Published: November 2013

Hysterionica Willd. é um gênero de Asteraceae pertencente à tribo Astereae, subtribo Conyzinae e está estreitamente relacionado ao gênero Neja D. Don. O gênero posssui 11 espécies restritas ao sul do Brasil, Uruguai e centro e norte da Argentina. O presente trabalho apresenta um estudo taxonômico de Hysterionica para o Brasil, sendo que foram registradas cinco espécies: H. matzenbacheri A.A.Schneid., H. nebularis Deble, A.S.Oliveira & Marchiori, H. nidorelloides (DC.) Baker, H. pinnatiloba Matzenb. & Sobral e H. pinnatisecta Matzenb. & Sobral. Um novo sinónimo foi adicionado à H. nidorelloides (DC.) Baker: Hysterionica montevidensis Baker. São apresentadas chave de identificação, descrições, comentários taxonômicos, ilustrações, dados sobre floração e frutificação, distribuição geográfica e hábitats de cada táxon e análise do nível de ameaça das espécies segundo critérios da IUCN.
Pontederiaceae do litoral piauiense, Brasil
Authors: Nascimento Hilda Cristina Evaristo , Andrade Ivanilza Moreira de , Silva Maria Francilene Souza , Matias Ligia Queiroz
Published: November 2013

O presente estudo apresenta o tratamento taxonômico da família Pontederiaceae no litoral piauiense, contribuindo para o conhecimento da diversidade biológica do estado do Piauí. Foram identificadas cinco espécies distribuídas em três gêneros, Eichhornia Kunth, Heteranthera Ruiz & Pav. e Pontederia L. Eichhornia foi o mais representativo com três espécies, E. azurea (Sw.) Kunth, E. crassipes (Mart.) Solms e E. diversifolia (Vahl) Urb., enquanto Pontederia e Heteranthera estão representadas por uma espécie, P. cordata var. ovalis (Mart.) Solms e H. rotundifolia (Kunth) Griseb., respectivamente. Todas as espécies são nativas, mas não endêmicas da região. Três representam novas ocorrências para o estado. São apresentadas chave de identificação, descrições, ilustrações e informações sobre distribuição geográfica e habitat.
Aspectos da ecologia de Calotropis procera (Apocynaceae) em uma área de Caatinga alterada pelas obras do Projeto de Integração do Rio São Francisco em Mauriti, CE
Authors: Fabricante Juliano Ricardo , Oliveira Marina Nabuco Araújo de , Siqueira Filho José Alves de
Published: November 2013

A espécie Calotropis procera (Aiton) W.T. Aiton tem seus primeiros registros no Brasil apontado para 1900. Atualmente ela encontra-se em praticamente todo o País, em especial no Nordeste. Os objetivos do presente estudo foram: (i) aferir a abundância de indivíduos de C. procera; (ii) avaliar aspectos reprodutivos da mesma; (iii) verificar a existência de ação alelopática de seus tecidos; (iv) estimar a área de ocorrência do táxon. A área de estudo encontra-se no município de Mauriti, CE (07º24'07,9"S e 038º42'43,6"W). A média de indivíduos por parcela foi de 11,9±1,9. A média de frutos por planta foi de 92,20±33,89, e a de sementes por fruto foi de 371,26±4,88. Os extratos da planta apresentaram ação alelopática. C. procera apresentou ampla probabilidade de ocorrência no Brasil, principalmente na Caatinga, Cerrado e Restinga. Esse conjunto de atributos torna C. procera uma invasora em potencial de áreas de extrema importância para a conservação da biodiversidade brasileira.
Large‐scale conservation planning in a multinational marine environment: cost matters
Authors: Mazor Tessa , Giakoumi Sylvaine , Kark Salit , Possingham Hugh P.
Published: November 2013

Explicitly including cost in marine conservation planning is essential for achieving feasible and efficient conservation outcomes. Yet, spatial priorities for marine conservation are still often based solely on biodiversity hotspots, species richness, and/or cumulative threat maps. This study aims to provide an approach for including cost when planning large‐scale Marine Protected Area (MPA) networks that span multiple countries. Here, we explore the incorporation of cost in the complex setting of the Mediterranean Sea. In order to include cost in conservation prioritization, we developed surrogates that account for revenue from multiple marine sectors: commercial fishing, noncommercial fishing, and aquaculture. Such revenue can translate into an opportunity cost for the implementation of an MPA network. Using the software Marxan, we set conservation targets to protect 10% of the distribution of 77 threatened marine species in the Mediterranean Sea. We compared nine scenarios of opportunity cost by calculating the area and cost required to meet our targets. We further compared our spatial priorities with those that are considered consensus areas by several proposed prioritization schemes in the Mediterranean Sea, none of which explicitly considers cost. We found that for less than 10% of the Sea's area, our conservation targets can be achieved while incurring opportunity costs of less than 1%. In marine systems, we reveal that area is a poor cost surrogate and that the most effective surrogates are those that account for multiple sectors or stakeholders. Furthermore, our results indicate that including cost can greatly influence the selection of spatial priorities for marine conservation of threatened species. Although there are known limitations in multinational large‐scale planning, attempting to devise more systematic and rigorous planning methods is especially critical given that collaborative conservation action is on the rise and global financial crisis restricts conservation investments.
Using Compassionate Mind Training as a Resource in EMDR: A Case Study
Authors: Beaumont Elaine , Hollins Martin Caroline J.
Published: November 2013

This case study examines the contribution of compassionate mind training (CMT) when used as a resource in the eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) treatment of a 58-year-old man, who presented after a recent trauma with psychological distress and somatic symptoms—an inability to sign his name. Self-report questionnaires (Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale [HADS], Impact of Events Scale-R [IES-R], and Self-Compassion Scale [SCS]) were administered at pretherapy, midtherapy, posttherapy, and 9-month follow-up. EMDR with CMT facilitated recall of forgotten memories about his sister’s traumatic death decades previously, with related emotions of shame and grief, creating insight into how these past events linked to his current signature-signing phobia. Eight sessions of therapy resulted in an elimination of the client’s signature-signing phobia and a reduction in trauma-related symptoms, elevation in mood, and increase in self-compassion. Effects were maintained at 9-month follow-up. The “Discussion” section highlights the value of working collaboratively with clients to best meet their individual needs.
miR‐584 Expressed in Human Gingival Epithelial Cells Is Induced by Porphyromonas gingivalis Stimulation and Regulates Interleukin‐8 Production via Lactoferrin Receptor
Authors: Ouhara Kazuhisa , Savitri Irma Josefina , Fujita Tsuyoshi , Kittaka Mizuho , Kajiya Mikihito , Iwata Tomoyuki , Miyagawa Tsuyoshi , Yamakawa Masahiro , Shiba Hideki , Kurihara Hidemi
Published: November 2013

Background: MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are short, non‐coding RNAs that are involved in post‐transcriptional regulation of gene expression. Differential miRNA expression in innate and acquired immunity has been shown to regulate immune cell development and function. miRNA expression has been demonstrated to affect pathophysiology of inflammatory diseases, such as rheumatoid arthritis and lupus. As such, this study explores the role of miRNA in the context of pathophysiology of destructive periodontitis. Specifically, this investigation profiles the differentially expressed miRNA of Porphyromonas gingivalis (Pg)–stimulated human gingival epithelial cells (HGECs).

Methods: The specific miRNAs differentially expressed in Pg‐stimulated OBA‐9, immortalized HGECs, were analyzed using microarray. Real‐time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and Western blotting were performed to confirm the level of miRNA expression and determine target production of miRNA in OBA‐9. The production of interleukin (IL)‐8 was measured to determine the bioactivity of target protein regulated by miRNA.

Results: miR‐584, which targets lactoferrin receptor (LfR), was 3.39‐fold upregulated by Pg stimulation. This upregulation of miR‐584 was confirmed by real‐time PCR. Pg stimulation resulted in the suppression of LfR at mRNA and protein levels. The transfection of the miR inhibitor for miR‐584 in OBA‐9 recovered Pg‐induced suppression of LfR. The addition of human lactoferrin (hLf) had a suppressive effect on IL‐8 production in Pg‐stimulated OBA‐9. However, hLf also decreased IL‐8 production strongly in Pg‐stimulated OBA‐9 in the presence of the miR inhibitor for miR‐584.

Conclusion: These findings suggest that the upregulation of miR‐584 by Pg in OBA‐9 inhibits the anti‐inflammatory effects of hLf via the suppression of LfR.