bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Machine Learning Applications in Breast Cancer Diagnosis
Authors: Gardezi Syed Jamal Safdar , Eltoukhy Mohamed Meselhy , Faye Ibrahima
Published: April 2017

Breast cancer is one of the leading causes of death in women worldwide. Early detection is the key to reduce the mortality rates. Mammography screening has proven to be one of the effective tools for diagnosis of breast cancer. Computer aided diagnosis (CAD) system is a fast, reliable, and cost-effective tool in assisting the radiologists/physicians for diagnosis of breast cancer. CAD systems play an increasingly important role in the clinics by providing a second opinion. Clinical trials have shown that CAD systems have improved the accuracy of breast cancer detection. A typical CAD system involves three major steps i.e. segmentation of suspected lesions, feature extraction and classification of these regions into normal or abnormal class and further into benign or malignant stages. The diagnostics ability of any CAD system is dependent on accurate segmentation, feature extraction techniques and most importantly classification tools that have ability to discriminate the normal tissues from the abnormal tissues. In this chapter we discuss the application of machine learning algorithms e.g. ANN, binary tree, SVM, etc. together with segmentation and feature extraction techniques in a CAD system development. Various methods used in the detection and diagnosis of breast lesions in mammography are reviewed. A brief introduction of machine learning tools, used in diagnosis and their classification performance on various segmentation and feature extraction techniques is presented.
Grey Wolf Optimization-Based Segmentation Approach for Abdomen CT Liver Images
Authors: Mostafa Abdalla , Hassanien Aboul Ella , Hefny Hesham A.
Published: April 2017

In the recent days, a great deal of researches is interested in segmentation of different organs in medical images. Segmentation of liver is as an initial phase in liver diagnosis, it is also a challenging task due to its similarity with other organs intensity values. This paper aims to propose a grey wolf optimization based approach for segmenting liver from the abdomen CT images. The proposed approach combines three parts to achieve this goal. It combines the usage of grey wolf optimization, statistical image of liver, simple region growing and Mean shift clustering technique. The initial cleaned image is passed to Grey Wolf (GW) optimization technique. It calculated the centroids of a predefined number of clusters. According to each pixel intensity value in the image, the pixel is labeled by the number of the nearest cluster. A binary statistical image of liver is used to extract the potential area that liver might exist in. It is multiplied by the clustered image to get an initial segmented liver. Then region growing (RG) is used to enhance the segmented liver. Finally, mean shift clustering technique is applied to extract the regions of interest in the segmented liver. A set of 38 images, taken in pre-contrast phase, was used for liver segmentation and testing the proposed approach. For evaluation, similarity index measure is used to validate the success of the proposed approach. The experimental results of the proposed approach showed that the overall accuracy offered by the proposed approach, results in 94.08% accuracy.
3D Watermarking Approach Using Particle Swarm Optimization Algorithm
Authors: Soliman Mona M. , Hassanien Aboul Ella
Published: April 2017

This work proposes a watermarking approach by utilizing the use of Bio-Inspired techniques such as swarm intelligent in optimizing watermarking algorithms for 3D models. In this proposed work we present an approach of 3D mesh model watermarking by introducing a new robust 3D mesh watermarking authentication methods by ensuring a minimal surface distortion at the same time ensuring a high robustness of extracted watermark. In order to achieve these requirements this work proposes the use of Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) as Bio-Inspired optimization techniques. The experiments were executed using different sets of 3D models. In all experimental results we consider two important factors: imperceptibility and robustness. The experimental results show that the proposed approach yields a watermarked object with good visual definition; at the same time, the embedded watermark was robust against a wide variety of common attacks.
2D and 3D Intelligent Watermarking
Authors: Mouhamed Mourad R. , Darwish Ashraf , Hassanien Aboul Ella
Published: April 2017

These days the enormous advancement in the field of data innovation and the wide employments of the web made the security of the information confront a major issue to accomplish the information assurance. The authentication and the copyright of the information is a critical piece of this issue. Scientists started to discover answers for this issue, watermarking and cryptology two of these solutions. Digital watermarking refers to the process of embedding imperceptible information called a digital watermark into a cover multimedia object so that the information may be detected or extracted later for security purposes. Cover multimedia object used to hide watermark information can be any digital media that we used in our daily life for data distribution such as: audio, 2D images, 3D images, and video. The problem that face the researchers in developing a watermarking techniques that the trade of between the impeccability and the robustness of the watermark this chapter focus on how the intelligent algorithms can help in this issue. This chapter surveys the watermarking techniques in 2D and 3D techniques. We conclude that watermarking technique are efficient for different areas of applications.
Interpreting Brain Waves
Authors: El-Kafrawy Noran Magdy , Hegazy Doaa , Tolba Mohamed F.
Published: April 2017

BCI (Brain-Computer Interface) gives you the power to manipulate things around you just by thinking of what you want to do. It allows your thoughts to be interpreted by the computer and hence act upon it. This could be utilized in helping disabled people, remote controlling of robots or even getting personalized systems depending upon your mood. The most important part of any BCI application is interpreting the brain signalsasthere are many mental tasks to be considered. In this chapter, the authors focus on interpreting motor imagery tasks and more specifically, imagining left hand, right hand, foot and tongue. Interpreting the signal consists of two main steps: feature extraction and classification. For the feature extraction,Empirical Mode Decomposition (EMD) was used and for the classification,the Support Vector Machine (SVM) with Radial Basis Function (RBF) kernel was used. The authors evaluated this system using the BCI competition IV dataset and reached a very promising accuracy.
Text Classification
Authors: Ahmed Ben Elfadhl Mohamed , Wahiba Ben Abdessalem
Published: April 2017

In this chapter, a supervised automatic text documents classification using the fuzzy decision trees technique is proposed. Whatever the algorithm used in the fuzzy decision trees, there must be a criterion for the choice of discriminating attribute at the nodes to partition. For fuzzy decision trees usually two heuristics were used to select the discriminating attribute at the node to partition. In the field of text documents classification there is a heuristic that has not yet been tested. This chapter tested this heuristic. The latter was presented in the works of Yuan and Shaw (1995) and was applied in a context different then the textual classification. This heuristic is analyzed and adapted to the author's approach for text documents classification.
Digital Images Segmentation Using a Physical-Inspired Algorithm
Authors: Oliva Diego , Hassanien Aboul Ella
Published: April 2017

Segmentation is one of the most important tasks in image processing. It classifies the pixels into two or more groups depending on their intensity levels and a threshold value. The classical methods exhaustively search the best thresholds for a spec image. This process requires a high computational effort, to avoid this situation has been incremented the use of evolutionary algorithms. The Electro-magnetism-Like algorithm (EMO) is an evolutionary method which mimics the attraction-repulsion mechanism among charges to evolve the members of a population. Different to other algorithms, EMO exhibits interesting search capabilities whereas maintains a low computational overhead. This chapter introduces a multilevel thresholding (MT) algorithm based on the EMO and the Otsu's method as objective function. The combination of those techniques generates a multilevel segmentation algorithm which can effectively identify the threshold values of a digital image reducing the number of iterations.
GRUPO DE MÃES OUVINTES DE FILHOS SURDOS: RELATO DE UMA EXPERIÊNCIA DE ESTÁGIO
Authors: Quevedo Rafaela Fava de , Dambrós Simone , Sassi Renata
Published: April 2017

Neste relato de experiência realizou-se uma compreensão acerca do fenômeno grupal, amparando-se no estudo de caso de um grupo de mães ouvintes com filhos surdos. O grupo semanal, em funcionamento há mais de três anos, proporciona um espaço de apoio às famílias de surdos. Em um primeiro momento, foram realizadas observações no grupo para, posteriormente, analisar-se os dados e atuar em intervenções. A fim de se discutir os conteúdos encontrados, criaram-se eixos temáticos com as principais características que emergiram no grupo. Quanto à temática abordada pelas mães, há independência/autonomia do filho; adolescência e sexualidade; descoberta da surdez e reorganização da dinâmica familiar; e assuntos além do objetivo grupal. E, quanto ao processo grupal: resistência; função continente do coordenador; transferência; intervenções no campo grupal. Os resultados conduzem à compreensão do grupo como facilitador e necessário como apoio e suporte para as participantes. Diante disso, realizaram-se intervenções no sentido de ampliar o espaço de reflexão, oferecido pelo grupo, o qual propicia adequação às diferentes situações vivenciadas pelas participantes.
A INVENÇÃO DA IDEIA DE DESENVOLVIMENTO: REFLEXÕES E PROPOSTAS DIALÓGICAS
Authors: Lopez Fabio Nieto , Coutinho Denise Maria Barreto , Domecq Martin
Published: April 2017

Este artigo apoia-se nas contribuições teóricas de Pierre Bourdieu, Philippe Ariès e Michel Foucault com o objetivo de examinar conceitos e instituições centrais para a psicologia do desenvolvimento. Utilizando o recurso do distanciamento histórico para compor o debate epistemológico, observou-se que a noção de desenvolvimento sofre deslizamentos de significado em decorrência de transformações históricas que conduzem à formação dos Estados Nacionais, forjados no ideal de progresso. A noção de desenvolvimento recebe, assim, sustentação das instituições escolares, encarregadas da formação dos novos cidadãos, e se reforça com o contexto capitalista. Finalmente, debate-se como a psicologia do desenvolvimento, herdeira e colaboradora desse ideal – que alcançou conquistas, mas conhece paradoxos e contradições –, poderia reposicionar reflexivamente o conceito de desenvolvimento em diálogo com áreas diversas que sublinhem a importância do bem-viver coletivo, das relações comunitárias e ancestrais. Trata-se, portanto, de propor uma perspectiva dialógica pluriepistêmica como possibilidade de integração da psicologia ao mundo contemporâneo.
Polymer selective laser curing for integrated optical switches
Authors: Gil-Valverde Manuel , Cano-García Manuel , Delgado Rodrigo , Zuo Tianyi , Otón José Manuel , Quintana Xabier , Geday Morten Andreas
Published: April 2017

A simple in-layer electro optical switch has been prepared by selectively curing a photocurable optical polymer with a UV laser. The core of the device is a NOA-81 multimode waveguide grown by selective laser curing. The cladding is a positive calamitic liquid crystal, which allows tunability and switching of the waveguide by external driving electric signals. The effective refractive index in the guide changes upon switching the liquid crystal. Depending on the geometry, this setup leads to an electrooptical modulator or a switch between two levels of transmitted light. Full Text: PDF ReferencesT. Ako, A. Hope, T. Nguyen, A. Mitchell, W. Bogaerts, K. Neyts, and J. Beeckman, "Electrically tuneable lateral leakage loss in liquid crystal clad shallow-etched silicon waveguides", Opt. Express 23, 2846 (2015). CrossRef K. Kruse, C. Middlebrook, "Laser-direct writing of single mode and multi-mode polymer step index waveguide structures for optical backplanes and interconnection assemblies", Photon. Nanostruct. - Fundamentals and Appl. 13, 66 (2015). CrossRef A. Günther, A.B. Petermann, M. Rezem, M. Rahlves, M. Wollweber, and B. Roth, European Conf. Lasers and Electro-Optics - European Quantum Electronics Conference, Munich, Germany (2015).C. Florian, S. Piazza, A. Diaspro, P. Serra, M. Duocastella, "Direct Laser Printing of Tailored Polymeric Microlenses", ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces, 8(27), 17028 (2016). CrossRef F. Costache, M. Blasl, "Optical switching with isotropic liquid crystals", Opt. Photonik 6, 29 (2011). CrossRef M. Cano-Garcia, R. Delgado, T. Zuo, M.A. Geday, X. Quintana, Jose M. Otón, 16th OLC Topical Meeting on the Optics of Liquid Crystals, Sopot, Poland (2015).S. Ishihara, H. Wakemoto, K. Nakazima, Y. Matsuo, "The effect of rubbed polymer films on the liquid crystal alignment", Liq. Cryst. 4(6), 669 (1989). DirectLink
Non metrizable topologies on Z with countable dual group.
Authors: De la Barrera Mayoral Daniel
Published: April 2017

In this paper we give two families of non-metrizable topologies on the group of the integers having a countable dual group which is isomorphic to a infinite torsion subgroup of the unit circle in the complex plane. Both families are related to D-sequences, which are sequences of natural numbers such that each term divides the following. The first family consists of locally quasi-convex group topologies. The second consists of complete topologies which are not locally quasi-convex. In order to study the dual groups for both families we need to make numerical considerations of independent interest.
A Complete Parameterization of the Relative Humidity and Wavelength
Dependence of the Refractive Index of Hygroscopic Inorganic Aerosol
Particles
Authors: Cotterell Michael I. , Willoughby Rose E. , Bzdek Bryan R. , Orr-Ewing Andrew J. , Reid Jonathan P.
Published: April 2017

Abstract. Calculations of aerosol radiative forcing require knowledge of wavelength-dependent aerosol optical properties, such as single scattering albedo. These aerosol optical properties can be calculated using Mie theory from knowledge of the key microphysical properties of particle size and refractive index, assuming that atmospheric particles are well-approximated to be spherical and homogeneous. We provide refractive index determinations for aqueous aerosol particles containing the key atmospherically relevant inorganic solutes of NaCl, NaNO3, (NH4)2SO4, NH4HSO4 and Na2SO4, reporting the refractive index variation with both wavelength (400–650 nm) and relative humidity (from 100 % to the efflorescence value of the salt). The accurate and precise retrieval of refractive index is performed using single particle cavity ring-down spectroscopy. This approach involves probing a single aerosol particle confined in a Bessel laser beam optical trap through a combination of extinction measurements by cavity ring-down spectroscopy and elastic light scattering measurements. Further, we assess the accuracy of these refractive index measurements, comparing our data with previously reported data sets from different measurement techniques but at a single wavelength. Finally, we provide a Cauchy dispersion model that parameterizes refractive index measurements in terms of both wavelength and relative humidity. Our parameterizations should provide useful information to researchers requiring an accurate and comprehensive treatment of the wavelength and relative humidity dependence of the inorganic component of atmospheric aerosol.
Potential of multispectral synergism for observing ozone pollution by combining IASI-NG and UVNS measurements from the EPS-SG satellite
Authors: Costantino Lorenzo , Cuesta Juan , Emili Emanuele , Coman Adriana , Foret Gilles , Dufour Gaëlle , Eremenko Maxim , Chailleux Yohann , Beekmann Matthias , Flaud Jean-Marie
Published: April 2017

Abstract. Present and future satellite observations offer great potential for monitoring air quality on a daily and global basis. However, measurements from currently orbiting satellites do not allow a single sensor to accurately probe surface concentrations of gaseous pollutants such as tropospheric ozone. Combining information from IASI (Infrared Atmospheric Sounding Interferometer) and GOME-2 (Global Ozone Monitoring Experiment-2) respectively in the TIR and UV spectra, a recent multispectral method (referred to as IASI+GOME-2) has shown enhanced sensitivity for probing ozone in the lowermost troposphere (LMT, below 3 km altitude) with maximum sensitivity down to 2.20 km a.s.l. over land, while sensitivity for IASI or GOME-2 alone only peaks at 3 to 4 km at the lowest.In this work we develop a pseudo-observation simulator and evaluate the potential of future EPS-SG (EUMETSAT Polar System – Second Generation) satellite observations, from new-generation sensors IASI-NG (Infrared Atmospheric Sounding Interferometer – New Generation) and UVNS (Ultraviolet Visible Near-infrared Shortwave-infrared), to observe near-surface O3 through the IASI-NG+UVNS multispectral method. The pseudo-real state of the atmosphere is provided by the MOCAGE (MOdèle de Chimie Atmosphérique à Grande Échelle) chemical transport model. We perform full and accurate forward and inverse radiative transfer calculations for a period of 4 days (8–11 July 2010) over Europe.In the LMT, there is a remarkable agreement in the geographical distribution of O3 partial columns between IASI-NG+UVNS pseudo-observations and the corresponding MOCAGE pseudo-reality. With respect to synthetic IASI+GOME-2 products, IASI-NG+UVNS shows a higher correlation between pseudo-observations and pseudo-reality, which is enhanced by about 12 %. The bias on high ozone retrieval is reduced and the average accuracy increases by 22 %. The sensitivity to LMT ozone is also enhanced. On average, the degree of freedom for signal is higher by 159 % over land (from 0.29 to 0.75) and 214 % over ocean (from 0.21 to 0.66). The mean height of maximum sensitivity for the LMT peaks at 1.43 km over land and 2.02 km over ocean, respectively 1.03 and 1.30 km below that of IASI+GOME-2. IASI-NG+UVNS also shows good retrieval skill in the surface–2 km altitude range. It is one of a kind for retrieving ozone layers of 2–3 km thickness, in the first 2–3 km of the atmosphere. IASI-NG+UVNS is expected to largely enhance the capacity to observe ozone pollution from space.
Assessment of 222radon progeny loss in long tubing based on static filter measurements in the laboratory and in the field
Authors: Levin Ingeborg , Schmithüsen Dominik , Vermeulen Alex
Published: April 2017

Abstract. Aerosol loss in air intake systems potentially hampers the application of one-filter systems for progeny-based atmospheric 222radon (222Rn) measurements. The artefacts are significant when air has to be collected via long sampling lines, e.g. from elevated heights at tall tower observatories. Here we present results from a study, determining 222Rn progeny loss from ambient air sampled via 8.2 mm inner diameter (ID) Decabon tubing in the laboratory and from pre-installed 10 mm ID tubing at the Cabauw meteorological tower in the Netherlands. Progeny loss increased steeply with length of the tubing, decreasing sampling efficiency to 66 % for 8.2 mm ID rolled-up tubing of 200 m length at a flow rate of ca. 1 m3 h−1. Preliminary theoretical estimation of the loss yielded a sampling efficiency of 64 % for the same tubing, when taking into account turbulent inertial deposition of aerosol to the walls as well as loss due to gravitational settling. At Cabauw tower, theoretical estimates of the loss in vertical tubing with 10 mm ID and 200 m lengths with flow rate of 1.1 m3 h−1 yielded a total efficiency of 73 %, the same value as observed. 222Rn progeny loss increased strongly at activity concentrations below 1 Bq m−3. Based on our experiments, an empirical correction function for 222Rn progeny measurements when sampling through long Decabon tubing was developed, allowing correction of respective measurements for this particular experimental setting (tubing type and diameter, flow rate, aerosol size distribution) with an estimated uncertainty of 10–20 % for activity concentrations between 1 and 2 Bq m−3 and less than 10 % for activity concentrations above 2 Bq m−3.
CH4 emission estimates from an active landfill site inferred from a combined approach of CFD modelling and in situ FTIR measurements
Authors: Sonderfeld Hannah , Bösch Hartmut , Jeanjean Antoine P. R. , Riddick Stuart N. , Allen Grant , Ars Sébastien , Davies Stewart , Harris Neil , Humpage Neil , Leigh Roland , Pitt Joseph
Published: April 2017

Abstract. Globally, the waste sector contributes to nearly a fifth of anthropogenic methane emitted to the atmosphere and is the second largest source of methane in the UK. In recent years great improvements to reduce those emissions have been achieved by installation of methane recovery systems at landfill sites and subsequently methane emissions reported in national emission inventories have been reduced. Nevertheless, methane emissions of landfills remain uncertain and quantification of emission fluxes is essential to verify reported emission inventories and to monitor changes in emissions. Here we present a new approach for methane emission quantification from a complex source like a landfill site by applying a Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) model to calibrated in situ measurements of methane as part of a field campaign at a landfill site near Ipswich, UK, in August 2014. The methane distribution for different meteorological scenarios is calculated with the CFD model and compared to methane mole fractions measured by an in situ Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectrometer downwind of the prevailing wind direction. Assuming emissions only from the active site, a mean daytime flux of 0.83 mg m−2 s−1, corresponding to 53.26 kg h−1, was estimated. The addition of a secondary source area adjacent to the active site, where some methane hotspots were observed, improved the agreement between the simulated and measured methane distribution. As a result, the flux from the active site was reduced slightly to 0.71 mg m−2 s−1 (45.56 kg h−1), at the same time an additional flux of 0.32 mg m−2 s−1 (30.41 kg h−1) was found from the secondary source area. This highlights the capability of our method to distinguish between different emission areas of the landfill site, which can provide more detailed information about emission source apportionment compared to other methods deriving bulk emissions.
Carbon cycling on the East Siberian Arctic Shelf – a change in air-sea
CO2 flux induced by mineralization of terrestrial organic carbon
Authors: Gustafsson Erik , Humborg Christoph , Björk Göran , Stranne Christian , Anderson Leif G. , Geibel Marc C. , Mörth Carl-Magnus , Sundbom Marcus , Semiletov Igor P. , Thornton Brett F. , Gustafsson Bo G.
Published: April 2017

Abstract. Measurements from the SWERUS-C3 and ISSS-08 Arctic expeditions were used to calibrate and validate a new physical-biogeochemical model developed to quantify key carbon cycling processes on the East Siberian Arctic Shelf (ESAS). The model was used in a series of experimental simulations with the specific aim to investigate the pathways of terrestrial dissolved and particulate organic carbon (DOCter and POCter) supplied to the shelf. Rivers supply on average 8.5 Tg C yr−1 dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC), and further 8.5 and 1.1 Tg C yr−1 DOCter and POCter respectively. Based on observed and simulated DOC concentrations and stable isotope values (δ13CDOC) in shelf waters, we estimate that only some 20 % of the riverine DOCter is labile. According to our model results, an additional supply of approximately 14 Tg C yr−1 eroded labile POCter is however required to describe the observed stable isotope values of DIC (δ13CDIC). Degradation of riverine DOCter and POCter results in a 1.8 Tg C yr−1 reduction in the uptake of atmospheric CO2, while degradation of eroded POCter results in an additional 10 Tg C yr−1 reduction. Our calculations indicate nevertheless that the ESAS is an overall small net sink for atmospheric CO2 (1.7 Tg C yr−1). The external carbon sources are largely compensated by a net export from the shelf to the Arctic Ocean (31 Tg C yr−1), and to a smaller degree by a permanent burial in the sediments (2.7 Tg C yr−1).
A comparative survey of the impacts of extreme rainfall in two
international case studies
Authors: Spekkers Matthieu , Rözer Viktor , Thieken Annegret , ten Veldhuis Marie-Claire , Kreibich Heidi
Published: April 2017

Abstract. Flooding is assessed as the most important natural hazard in Europe, causing thousands of deaths, affecting millions of people and accounting for large economic losses in the past decade. Little is known about the damage processes associated with extreme rainfall in cities, due to a lack of accurate, comparable and consistent damage data. The objective of this study is to investigate the impacts of extreme rainfall on residential buildings and how affected households coped with these impacts in terms of precautionary and emergency actions. Analyses are based on a unique dataset of damage characteristics and a wide range of potential damage explaining variables at the household level, collected through computer-aided telephone interviews (CATI) and an online survey. Exploratory data analyses based on a total of 859 completed questionnaires in the cities of Münster (Germany) and Amsterdam (the Netherlands) revealed that the uptake of emergency measures is related to characteristics of the hazardous event. In case of high water levels, more efforts are made to reduce damage, while emergency response that aims to prevent damage is less likely to be effective. The difference in magnitude of the events in Münster and Amsterdam in terms of rainfall intensity and water depth, is probably also the most important cause for the differences between the cities in terms of the suffered financial losses. Factors that significantly contributed to damage in at least one of the case studies are water contamination, the presence of a basement in the building and people's awareness of the upcoming event. Moreover, this study confirms conclusions by previous studies that people's experience with damaging events positively correlates with precautionary behaviour. For improving future damage data acquisition, we recommend to include cell-phones in a CATI survey to avoid biased sampling towards certain age groups.
Validation of an ocean shelf model for the prediction of mixed-layer properties in the Mediterranean Sea west of Sardinia
Authors: Onken Reiner
Published: April 2017

Abstract. The Regional Ocean Modeling System (ROMS) has been employed to explore the sensitivity of the forecast skill of mixed-layer properties to initial conditions, boundary conditions, and vertical mixing parameterisations. The initial and lateral boundary conditions were provided by the Mediterranean Forecasting System (MFS) or by the MERCATOR global ocean circulation model via one-way nesting; the initial conditions were additionally updated through the assimilation of observations. Nowcasts and forecasts from the weather forecast models COSMO-ME and COSMO-IT, partly melded with observations, served as surface boundary conditions. The vertical mixing was parameterised by the GLS (generic length scale) scheme Umlauf and Burchard (2003) in four different set-ups. All ROMS forecasts were validated against the observations which were taken during the REP14-MED survey to the west of Sardinia. Nesting ROMS in MERCATOR and updating the initial conditions through data assimilation provided the best agreement of the predicted mixed-layer properties with the time series from a moored thermistor chain. Further improvement was obtained by the usage of COSMO-ME atmospheric forcing, which was melded with real observations, and by the application of the k-ω vertical mixing scheme with increased vertical eddy diffusivity. The predicted temporal variability of the mixed-layer temperature was reasonably well correlated with the observed variability, while the modelled variability of the mixed-layer depth exhibited only agreement with the observations near the diurnal frequency peak. For the forecasted horizontal variability, reasonable agreement was found with observations from a ScanFish section, but only for the mesoscale wave number band; the observed sub-mesoscale variability was not reproduced by ROMS.
Blowing Snow Sublimation and Transport over Antarctica
from 11 Years of CALIPSO Observations
Authors: Palm Stephen P. , Kayetha Vinay , Yang Yuekui , Pauly Rebecca
Published: April 2017

Abstract. Blowing snow processes commonly occur over the earth's ice sheets when near surface wind speed exceeds a threshold value. These processes play a key role in the sublimation and re-distribution of snow thereby influencing the surface mass balance. Prior field studies and modeling results have shown the importance of blowing snow sublimation and transport on the surface mass budget and hydrological cycle of high latitude regions. For the first time, we present continent-wide estimates of blowing snow sublimation and transport over Antarctica based on direct observation of blowing snow events. We use an improved version of the blowing snow detection algorithm developed for previous work that uses atmospheric backscatter measurements obtained from the CALIOP lidar aboard the CALIPSO satellite. The blowing snow events identified by CALIPSO and meteorological fields from MERRA-2 are used to compute the sublimation and transport rates. Our results show that maximum sublimation occurs along and slightly inland of the coastline. This is contrary to the observed maximum blowing snow frequency which occurs over the interior. The associated temperature and moisture re-analysis fields likely contribute to the spatial distribution of the maximum sublimation values. However, the spatial pattern of the sublimation rate over Antarctica is consistent with modeling studies and precipitation estimates. Overall, our results show that Antarctica average integrated blowing snow sublimation is about 393.4 ± 138 Gt yr−1 which is considerably larger than previous model-derived estimates. We find maximum blowing snow transport amount of 5 Megatons km−1 yr−1 over parts of East Antarctica and estimate that the average snow transport from continent to ocean is about 3.68 Gt yr−1. These continent-wide estimates are the first of their kind and can be used to help model and constrain the surface-mass budget over Antarctica.
The Greater Caucasus Glacier Inventory (Russia/Georgia/Azerbaijan)
Authors: Tielidze Levan G. , Wheate Roger D.
Published: April 2017

Abstract. While there are a large number of glaciers in the Greater Caucasus, the region is not fully represented in modern glacier databases with previous incomplete inventories. Here, we present an expanded glacier inventory for this region over the 1960–1986–2014 period. Large scale topographic maps and satellite imagery (Landsat 5, Landsat 8 and ASTER) were used to conduct a remote sensing survey of glacier change in the Greater Caucasus mountains. Glacier margins were mapped manually and reveal that, in 1960, the mountains contained 2349 glaciers, with a total glacier surface area of 1674.9 ± 35.2 km2. By 1986, glacier surface area had decreased to 1482.1 ± 32.2 km2 (2209 glaciers), and by 2014, to 1193.2 ± 27.0 km2 (2020 glaciers). This represents a 28.8 ± 2.2 % (481 ± 10.6 km2) reduction in total glacier surface area between 1960 and 2014 and a marked acceleration in the rate of area loss since 1986. Analysis of possible controls suggest that the general decreases in both glacier area and number for the period 1960–2014 are directly due to general increase in temperature, especially in summer (June–July–August), although the response of individual glaciers was modulated by other factors, including glacier size, elevation, rock structure, exposition, morphological type and debris cover. This new glacier inventory can be used as a basis dataset for future studies including glacier change assessment.
Ice shelf fracture parameterization in an ice sheet model
Authors: Sun Sainan , Cornford Stephen , Gladstone Rupert , Zhao Liyun , Moore John
Published: April 2017

Abstract. Floating ice shelves exert a stabilizing force onto the inland ice sheet. However, this buttressing effect is diminished by the fracture process, which on large scales effectively softens the ice, accelerating its flow, increasing calving, and potentially leading to ice shelf breakup. Here, we explore how the application of a continuum damage model (CDM) to the prognostic ice sheet model BISICLES can account for the effects of fracture processes on viscous ice dynamics. Damage is created by the local stress field and advects downstream. This continuum damage model is coupled to the dynamical ice flow model by decreasing the effective viscosity proportional to the damage field. To evaluate the physical role of the fracture process on large-scale ice sheet dynamics and also discern the relative importance of the parameters used in the damage model, we carry out a suite of numerical experiments based on the MISMIP+ (Marine Ice Sheet Model Intercomparison Project) marine ice sheet geometry. We find that behavior of the simulated marine ice sheet is sensitive to fracture processes on the ice shelf. In the case of a geometry that produces strong lateral stress, the stiffness of ice around the grounding line is essential to ice sheet evolution, with softer or more damaged ice leading to thinning and grounding line retreat.
Implementing Learning Study in Developing Countries: Inhibiting Factors
Authors: Msonde Sydney Enock , Msonde Charles Enock
Published: April 2017

This study explored the inhibiting factors to the implementation of learning studies in Tanzania secondary schools. Three mathematics teachers formed a learning study to share their experiences on how to implement Learner-Centered Approach (LCA) in their school settings. Teachers were interview at the end of each intervention cycle on the prospects and challenges encountered in the course of implementing learning studies. Classroom observation notes were taken to supplement interview data. All of the qualitative data were analyzed using phenomenographic variation framework. The results show that isolative teachers’ working culture, high workload, low remuneration, time consuming nature of learning studies, and school curriculum old recipes were factors that inhibit the implementation of learning studies. We conclude careful attention should be taken to urgently readdress inhibiting factors for successful and sustainable implementation of learning studies in developing countries.
Incidental gallbladder cancer: Missing links in Pakistani population
Authors: Muhammad Tanveer Sajid , Syed Mukarram Hussain , Shoaib Nayyar Hashmi , Qurat Ul Ain Mustafa , Neelofar Shaheen
Published: April 2017

Aims: To determine frequency of incidental gallbladder cancer (IGBC) in Pakistani population, its demographic/histopathological features and type of surgical resections performed.
Methods: This observational study was conducted at Combined Military Hospital (CMH)/Armed Forces Institute of Pathology (AFIP) Rawalpindi, Pakistan from July 2009 to July 2015. Clinical as well as pathological records of all patients who underwent laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC) /open cholecystectomy (OC) were reviewed and data was obtained regarding IGBC and benign gallbladder pathology. Patients diagnosed with cancer underwent staging investigations and were offered definitive surgery. Overall frequency and clinicopathological features of IGBC were studied.
Results: One hundred sixty-four patients out of 10,549 had IGBC (1.55%). Mean age of presentation in IGBC and benign gallbladder pathology patients was 59.23±12.17 and 45.73±13.11 years respectively (p-value and#60;0.001). Cancer patients had significantly more comorbid (73.17% versus 39.43%, p-value and#60;0.001) and larger stones (p-value and#60;0.001). Histopathology revealed adenocarcinoma in 148 (90.24%), adenosquamous carcinoma in 08 (4.88%), undifferentiated in 04 (2.44%), squamous cell carcinoma in 02 (1.22%), sarcoma and melanoma in one patient each (0.61%). Most of the tumors were well differentiated (36.59%) and liver was most commonly infiltrated organ (52.44%). Thirty-four patients had stage I, 38 patients had stage II, 49 patients had stage III and 43 patients had stage IV cancer (20.73%, 23.17%, 29.88%, 26.22% respectively). Surgical resection included no further treatment in 31 patients as cholecystectomy proved adequate vis-à-vis stage, extended cholecystectomy in three patients (1.83%), radical cholecystectomy in 17 (10.37%), pancreaticoduodenectomy (Whipple) in 6 (3.66%), palliation/symptomatic management in 42 (25.61%) patients while 65 (39.63%) patients refused surgery. Adequate lymphadenectomy was performed only in 50 (30.49%) patients while 44 (26.83%) showed positive resection margins.
Conclusion: IGBC must be kept in mind while performing cholecystectomy and every specimen should undergo routine histopathological examination. Radical surgery should be offered and may improve outcome in carefully selected cases.
CICLAGEM DE NUTRIENTES DE UM PLANTIO DE EUCALIPTO EM REGENERAÇÃO DE ESPÉCIES NATIVAS NO SUB-BOSQUE
Authors: Carvalho Daniel Costa de , Pereira Marcos Gervasio Gervasio , Toledo Luciano Oliveira , Simon Cátia Aparecida , Rodrigues Johnny Da Silva , Fernandes Júlio César Feitosa , Silva Neto Eduardo Carvalho
Published: April 2017

O processo de ciclagem de nutrientes é importante para a sustentabilidade das formações florestais naturais e implantadas. Buscando contribuir com um melhor entendimento sobre esse processo, o objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a ciclagem de nutrientes em um plantio puro de eucalipto com regeneração de espécies nativas em seu sub-bosque. Para o aporte e decomposição da serapilheira foram utilizados, respectivamente, coletores cônicos e litter bags. Posteriormente foram separadas as frações foliares de eucalipto (Corymbia citriodora) (EUC), regeneração nativa do sub-bosque (REG) e da fração controle com espécies de uma Floresta Estacional Semidecidual (FES). A seqüência do retorno de macronutrientes pelas folhas seguiu a mesma ordem para todas as frações foliares: N>K>P. As folhas de FES aportaram mais macronutrientes ao solo, enquanto EUC e REG aportaram a mesma quantidade. A degradação foliar foi mais elevada para FES, seguida da REG e do EUC. A velocidade de liberação de macronutrientes das folhas do EUC obedeceu a seguinte ordem: K>P>N. Enquanto para a FES e REG, o retorno foi na sequência: N>K>P e K>P>N, respectivamente. Esses resultados demonstram a importância da conservação da serapilheira nos ambientes estudados, principalmente na proteção e retorno de nutrientes para esses solos.
USO DA MICROBIOLIZAÇÃO CONTRA Lasiodiplodia theobromae EM SEMENTES DE PINUS SPP.
Authors: Gonzatto Maciel Caciara , Brião Muniz Marlove Fátima , Mengue Rolim Jéssica , Dalla Nora Michelon Rosa Maria , Poletto Tales , Rabuske Jéssica Emília
Published: April 2017

O uso de agentes biocontroladores no controle de doenças em plantas é uma alterativa aos produtos químicos que vem conquistando seu espaço, isso, devido a nossa condição atual de proteção e manutenção do meio ambiente. Muitos organismos antagonistas apresentam potencial tanto para o controle de fitopatógenos, quanto para promoção do desenvolvimento de plântulas. O presente estudo objetivou avaliar a ação antagonista de seis produtos biológicos (Trichodermil®, Trichodel®, Quality®, Rizos®, Rizolyptus® e Nutrisolo®) e uma cepa bacteriana (Bacillus sp.-UFSM) no controle in vitro e in vivo de Lasiodiplodia theobromae patogênico a Pinus sp.. Os testes in vitro foram realizados através da inibição do crescimento micelial (confronto pareado de culturas), após incubação por sete dias a 25 ± 2 ºC e fotoperíodo de 12 horas. Para os testes in vivo (desenvolvidos em condições de casa de vegetação), as sementes inicialmente foram inoculadas com o patógeno e, na sequência, microbiolizadas com os agentes antagônicos, para posterior semeadura. A inoculação foi realizada através do método de contato em meio BDA por 48 horas. Todos os produtos testados apresentaram resultados positivos nos testes in vitro, destacando-se em relação a testemunha. Nutrisolo®, Trichodel® e Bacillus sp.-UFSM apresentaram valores superiores a testemunha para diâmetro de colo em plântulas de P. elliottii. Enquanto para P. taeda, Bacillus sp.-UFSM, Quality®, Trichodel® e Trichodermil® alcançaram os maiores valores para essa variável. De maneira geral os agentes antagônicos atuaram promovendo as variáveis de qualidade final de mudas de Pinus taeda e Pinus elliottii.
Understanding and Overcoming Barriers: Learning Experiences of Undergraduate Sudanese Students at an Australian University
Authors: Gately Natalie Jane , Ellis Suzanne , Britton Katherine , Fleming Tina
Published: April 2017

An increase in migration of Sudanese and South Sudanese people to Australia due to civil unrest in their home country has increased the numbers of Sudanese students at university. Migrant experiences, particularly those of English as a second language, can impact negatively on education and learning. Inconsistencies between student scores on assessments and oral abilities in class prompted an exploratory project to identify barriers to success and create appropriate resources for students. The project utilised a multi-method approach to explore the experiences of the Sudanese students (n=22) enrolled at Edith Cowan University in Western Australia. Two quantitative scales examined motivations for learning and English Language Confidence. Interviews or focus groups explored the students’ perceptions of their learning and university experiences. The findings indicate that students are extrinsically motivated to study, confident in their language skills but required additional support to improve their written English. The barriers include socio-political factors unique to Sudanese students. Finally recommendations to assist these students are presented.
O desmonte das políticas de seguridade social e os impactos sobre a classe trabalhadora: as estratégias e a resistência
Authors: Granemann Sara
Published: April 2017

Tem sido parte da militância de dezenas de docentes – menos do que seria necessário  dadas as condições de miserabilidade da classe trabalhadora brasileira – dispor os resultados de suas pesquisas realizadas, sobretudo, em universidades públicas, à disposição daqueles que produzem a riqueza social que mantém as universidades - públicas e privadas - e que, não raro, jamais a conseguem frequentar. Assim, parece-me importante que não somente o empresariado se beneficie dos conhecimentos gerados nas universidades, mas que também as lutas sociais possam se beneficiar do conhecimento produzido pela ciência. Penso que este seminário objetiva, ao propiciar a reflexão de um tema do tempo presente, juntar as necessidades da classe trabalhadora, suas demandas e lutas com as respostas que as  pesquisas, a produção de conhecimento, pode ajudar a construir.
Capacidade deliberativa e de acompanhamento de políticas em Conselhos de Assistência Social
Authors: Costa Márcia Batista , Botelho Anselmo Sebastião
Published: April 2017

O artigo resulta de uma pesquisa voltada para a análise da efetividade deliberativa dos Conselhos de Assistência Social em cidades do interior, tendo como parâmetro um estudo de caso no município de Abaeté, em Minas Gerais. O propósito foi avaliar a Política de Assistência Social adotada no município, além de buscar identificar as atribuições e o papel do Conselho no tocante às ações voltadas para a assistência social, bem como a sua relação com a administração pública municipal. Os resultados apontam fragilidades no processo participativo, limitando a atuação do Conselho na formulação e no controle das ações relativas à política municipal de assistência social.
Percepções do Assistente Social sobre o trabalho que realiza em uma Instituição Filantrópica de Longa Permanência no Distrito Federal
Authors: Oliveira Maria Liz Cunha de , Hedler Helga Cristina , Santos Eduarda Vasconcelos dos
Published: April 2017

A presente pesquisa é de natureza descritiva, exploratória e qualitativa, e se detém ao contexto laboral em que atuam os assistentes sociais em Instituição de Longa Permanência para idosos – ILPI na cidade do Núcleo Bandeirante em Brasília- DF. O objetivo desta pesquisa foi analisar as percepções dos assistentes sociais sobre o seu trabalho. A amostra foi de três assistentes sociais. Os dados foram coletados por meio de uma entrevista estruturada. Utilizou-se a análise de conteúdo para a interpretação das respostas. Os resultados indicaram que os assistentes sociais percebem sua responsabilidade enquanto agentes mediadores na garantia de direitos aos mais velhos, contudo o espaço institucional apresenta-se burocrático e pouco permeável ao potencial desta ação.
Roma é a mãe! Fotojornalismo e uma análise do clube-empresa Roma Esporte Apucarana
Authors: Costa Heron Heloy , Boni Paulo César
Published: April 2017

Este trabalho é um estudo sobre a intencionalidade de comunicação no fotojornalismo (BONI, 2000), que traça características do clube-empresa no futebol brasileiro a partir do Roma Esporte Apucarana, extinto time de futebol de Apucarana – região norte do Paraná. As fotorreportagens analisadas são do jornal apucaranense Tribuna do Norte, publicadas em um contexto que compreende os anos de 2001 e 2007.
A fotografia como técnica e objeto de estudo na pesquisa qualitativa
Authors: Rios Sadraque Oliveira , Costa Jean Mario Araujo , Mendes Vera Lucia Peixoto Santos
Published: April 2017

O presente trabalho tem o objetivo de discutir a fotografia na pesquisa qualitativa, a partir de levantamento de bibliografia. Situa-se a fotografia no contexto da evolução tecnológica do século XIX, apresentando seus atributos como objeto e técnica de pesquisa, as vantagens e limitações de seu uso e as diretrizes de interpretação crítica. Concluindo, apresenta-se a análise de dois trabalhos científicos que fazem exemplar uso da fotografia na pesquisa qualitativa.
A superação do paradigma clássico do negócio jurídico: liberalismo e republicanismo
Authors: Soares Marcos Antônio Striquer , Capriolli Zocatelli Queiroz Passi Renata
Published: April 2017

Tenta-se resolver em qual modelo de liberdade, republicana ou liberal, o direito contratual brasileiro se baseia. Utilizou-se o método de revisão literária, pautado na construção teórico-científica fazendo um recorte no modelo filosófico da liberdade e no direito contratual pátrio. Para melhor compreensão, o artigo trabalha com a superação do paradigma do negócio jurídico clássico pelo moderno. No terceiro capítulo o artigo analisa cada paradigma fazendo uma ligação da concepção clássica e moderna com a liberal e republicana de liberdade. Assim, ficou evidenciado que o direito contratual do ordenamento jurídico brasileiro possuía como fundamento no paradigma clássico uma visão liberal de liberdade, porém com a superação do paradigma clássico pelo moderno percebe-se que é possível justificar a tutela dos direitos estatuídos pela Constituição Federal e absorvidos pelo direito civil brasileiro na perspectiva liberal tanto quanto na republicana, conforme demonstrado no trabalho.