bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
EL GRUPO DE TRABAJO COMO ESTRATEGIA DE FORMACIÓN PERMANENTE DEL PROFESORADO
Authors: Pérez Granados Laura
Published: June 2018

El propósito de este artículo es explorar el grupo de trabajo como modalidad de formación permanente del profesorado orientada a la mejora de la práctica profesional. El estudio se centra en indagar, conocer y comprender el proceso de elección y de formación de un grupo de trabajo perteneciente a un Centro de Formación de Profesorado de Andalucía. Entre las principales conclusiones del estudio, cabe destacar que la modalidad de grupos de trabajo se presenta como una metodología de formación activa que favorece la motivación para aprender y que anima a los participantes a trabajar juntos. Los participantes destacan como una ventaja de esta modalidad de formación, la estrecha relación que se establece entre los miembros del grupo, compartiendo inquietudes y retos de la práctica diaria en el aula. Los resultados subrayan las virtualidades de esta modalidad de formación permanente basada en la práctica profesional y en los procesos de reflexión que permiten al docente reconstruir sus teorías implícitas sobre la enseñanza.
PERCEPCIONES SOBRE LAS COMPETENCIAS DE FORMACIÓN BÁSICA EN EDUCACIÓN INFANTIL
Authors: Martínez Sánchez Antonio
Published: June 2018

El plan de estudios del Grado en Educación Infantil se ha transformado debido a la implementación del Espacio Europeo de Educación Superior, permitiendo desarrollar  competencias para atender las necesidades formativas de los docentes. Este estudio analiza la valoración de las competencias de formación básica propuestas en el Grado de Educación Infantil tanto en el ámbito de la formación inicial de los estudiantes, como desde la óptica de los egresados de la titulación. Los instrumentos empleados han sido un cuestionario, se han analizado las opiniones de 50 estudiantes y 66 egresados, y entrevistas semiestructuradas. Para el análisis de los datos cuantitativos se ha utilizado el programa SPPS V.19, mientras que para los datos cualitativos se ha procedido a la codificación e integración de la información extraída de las entrevistas. Los resultados muestran que la mayoría de los participantes opinan favorablemente sobre las competencias analizadas, no existiendo diferencias significativas entre ambos colectivos.
ESTRATEGIAS EDUCATIVAS PARA LA INTEGRACIÓN DE LOS PADRES Y REPRESENTANTES EN EL PROCESO DE ENSEÑANZA APRENDIZAJE
Authors: Vegas Lameda Verónica R. , Guerrero Mirla M. , Gómez Jesús
Published: June 2018

El presente estudio, se centró en desarrollar estrategias educativas para la integración de los padres y representantes en el proceso de enseñanza aprendizaje, en la Unidad Educativa Bolivariana “Samuel Robinson”, del Estado Barinas, Venezuela. La investigacion fue de naturaleza cualitativa, en la modalidad de investigación acción participante. La información fue analizada por medio de técnicas cualitativas descomponiendo en unidades de análisis, categorías y subcategorías, pudiéndose evidenciar la carencia de integración de los padres y representantes en el proceso de enseñanza aprendizaje de sus hijos, así como la falta de estrategias educativas pertinentes para la integración por parte de la institución.  En atención a estos resultados, se procedió a planificar y ejecutar una serie de actividades con la participación activa de docentes, padres, representantes y estudiantes que permitieran vivenciar a estos actores sociales experiencias conjuntas de enseñanza y aprendizaje, lográndose un impacto positivo y transformador en este grupo social.
EL VALOR DE EDUCAR BIEN. PROMOVIENDO EL RESPETO DENTRO DEL AULA
Authors: Hernández Mendez Griselda
Published: June 2018

El tema general que se aborda versa en torno a los valores. Se trata de una investigación de carácter aplicativo, la cual surgió del problema detectado por profesoras de preescolar acerca del comportamiento de los niños, como desatención de reglas, egoísmo, agresiones, arrebatos, entre otros; lo cual las llevó a suponer que los niños ingresan al preescolar sin valores. Algunas de ellas optaron por imponer su autoridad mediante estrategias de control. Sin embargo, una de ellas, junto con la autora del presente artículo, buscamos más que salves a este problema. Nos replanteamos como hipótesis que, mediante el uso de determinadas estrategias didácticas,  se pueden desarrollar y fortalecer los valores en los niños, sin desatender los contenidos del plan de estudios de preescolar. Así, construimos una propuesta sustentándola en las bases del constructivismo y en varios aportes de la psicología: cognitiva, humanista y psicoanalítica, así como la teoría de los valores desde lo social-humanista. El objetivo principal fue desarrollar, de inicio, el valor respeto.  La propuesta fue aplicada durante seis meses al grupo B de segundo grado y, para validar su alcance, implementamos el proceder de los estudios  cuasi-experimentales. Medimos los resultados y los comparamos con el diagnóstico inicial realizado sobre el valor respeto de los niños. Se encontró un incremento significativo de indicadores del respeto, por lo que concluimos que se lograron los objetivos de la investigación y que la propuesta  puede ser implementada en otras aulas de preescolar o incluso de primaria, con algunas variantes.
PUBLICIDAD SOCIAL Y APRENDIZAJE SERVICIO. UNA EXPERIENCIA COMPARTIDA
Authors: Rodrigo Martín Luis , Rodrigo Martín Isabel
Published: June 2018

De todos es sabido que la publicidad social cumple una función educativa en la sociedad, comunicando y persuadiendo a los individuos hacia comportamientos de interés común. Por otro lado, la Educación, como institución encargada de formar ciudadanos responsables,  críticos y democráticos, debe utilizar metodologías creativas y participativas en los procesos de enseñanza/aprendizaje para construir espacios de aprendizaje colectivo y aprendizajes significativos que caminen a favor del progreso social.Así la publicidad social, con sus mensajes publicitarios  y el aprendizaje servicio se constituyen en herramientas útiles para la transformación de la sociedad. Los anuncios publicitarios y los contenidos curriculares pueden ser de utilidad para algunos alumnos o colectivos sociales a los que se les presta un servicio con finalidad social.
EL SISTEMA EDUCATIVO ESPAÑOL DESDE LA PERSPECTIVA AUTONÓMICA. UN ESTUDIO HISTÓRICO Y COMPARADO
Authors: Rosado-Castellano Fátima , Cáceres-Muñoz Jorge , Martín-Sánchez Miguel A.
Published: June 2018

Este trabajo parte de una perspectiva histórica-comparada sobre el Sistema Educativo Español moderno, concretamente tomando diferentes indicadores que se han analizado desde la perspectiva de las Comunidades Autónomas y Ciudades Autónomas que constituyen el actual sistema educativo, con el fin de conocer la autonomía con la que cuentan cada una de ellas desde el Estado, las Comunidades Autónomas, Administraciones locales y los centros docentes. Para conocer el marco en el que acontece esta autonomía se ha realizado una breve revisión histórica de la educación en España, observando la evolución del Sistema Educativo Español desde 1812 hasta nuestros días, así como la identificación y análisis de determinados indicadores. Se trata de una investigación de corte cualitativo, con unidades de comparación intra-nacionales, con una metodología constructivista, desde el paradigma interpretativo y el tipo de investigación de estudio de educación comparada.
Grandes procesos de cambio y sus impactos sobre la discapacidad intelectual
Authors: Garcia Rodriguez María Isabel
Published: June 2018

El artículo trata de revisar los grandes procesos de cambio producidos en las útlimas décadas y los impactos sobre el tratamiento de la discapacidad intelectual. El objetivo es revisar desde el punto de vista teórico, el significado que han tenido la globalización y la Unión Europea sobre el Estado del bienestar y, en particular, sobre el tratamiento de la discapacidad intelectual, teniendo en cuenta cómo se aborda la en la legislación internacional. Para ello se ha realizado una revisión bibliográfica que analiza dichos cambios y el tratamiento que recibirá la discpacidad intelectual en los próximos años desde un punto de vista legal. Las principales conclusiones a las que nos conduce esta revisión son que los grandes cambios politicos y sociales han conducido a la redefición del Modelo Social Europeo en términos de reducción del gasto público, lo cual nos plantea dudas sobre la posibilidad de implementar las políticas sociales sobre discapacidad intelectual tal y como se recogen en la legislación internacional.
Reflexiones sobre la atención de los menores con trastorno de espectro autista en los centros educativos
Authors: Cortés Moreno Javier , Sotomayor Morales Eva María , Pastor Seller Enrique
Published: June 2018

En el ámbito educativo, la inserción de los/as menores con Trastorno de Espectro Autista (TEA) en condiciones óptimas de inclusión resulta, con frecuencia, una tarea compleja. ¿Cuentan los centros educativos con una infraestructura sólida de recursos y de herramientas inclusivas?¿Disponen de profesionales competentes y especializados en la atención del alumnado con discapacidad?. El presente artículo, pretende responder a estas cuestiones y tiene como objetivo conocer la opinión de expertos/as en TEA sobre la situación y atención que reciben estos/as menores en los centros educativos. Entre las variables analizadas están las tipologías de los centros, las modalidades del Sistema Educativo Español, las herramientas y métodos de inclusión y el rol de los actores de la comunidad educativa (familiares, menores, equipos de orientación educativa, profesorado, profesionales especializados, etc.).  La metodología que se ha empleado ha sido cualitativa, extrayendo los datos mediante la realización de dos grupos de discusión en la provincia de Jaén y en Salamanca. La muestra, se ha establecido mediante muestreo intencional, siendo los/as participantes diez profesionales expertos/as en TEA de distintas disciplinas (educación, psicología, trabajo social, terapia ocupacional, logopedia, audición y lenguaje). Todos/as los/as profesionales coinciden como principal resultado que resulta insuficiente la atención especializada que ofrecen los centros escolares, por lo que los/as menores deben complementarla con el apoyo externo del ámbito privado y/o de las asociaciones. De todo ello, se puede concluir que es necesario ampliar la plantilla de profesionales en los centros educativos, así como su formación y especialización en TEA.
LEGAL PROTECTION OF THE RIGHTS OF OLDER PERSONS AGAINST AGEISM
Authors: Munuera Gómez M. Pilar , Blanco Larrieux M. Elena
Published: June 2018

Human beings go through stages of vulnerability during their evolution and development. Old age is one of these. The rights of older persons are acknowledged to a certain degree but have not yet been developed into an integral system like the rights of other groups, for instance the handicapped, have. Spanish legislation contemplates the rights of older persons to guarantee their social protection.  The objective of this paper is to reveal the need of a single unified law to guarantee these rights. For this purpose, existing Spanish legislation has been reviewed, finding the underlying principles of this protection is based in the 1948 Universal Declaration of Human Rights. In current times older persons have ceased to be respected by their age and social position and sometimes find themselves socially excluded or legally unprotected. This circumstance claims a solution to avoid illtreatment. It calls for an institutional solution: the drafting of a charter of rights of the older person which would avoid behaviours that disregard this group, harming their dignity as individuals. It is difficult for older persons to gain respect for their participation as citizens because their social conditions are not equal to that of the rest of citizens who are allowed to make their rights effective and thus ensure their respect.
Voting and Values: Grassroots Elections in Rural and Urban China
Authors: Kennedy John James , Nagao Haruka , Liu Hongyan
Published: June 2018

Authoritarian leaders often claim that they promote democratic institutions such as elections and democratic values. In China, the central propaganda often promotes the right and duty of citizens to vote in local elections as well as the importance of citizens’ input into the policy making process. However, there is often a gap between government rhetoric and reality. In this article, we use the China General Social Survey (CGSS) 2013 to evaluate the determinants of voting in local elections and democratic values (attitudes) in rural and urban China. The results show that respondents with higher education tend to have lower levels of democratic values and participate less in local elections, but respondents with only compulsory education are more likely to display democratic orientations and vote. This suggests the relative success as well as the limits of authoritarian democratic propaganda.
“You’re Throwing Your Life Away”: Sanctioning of Early Marital Timelines by Religion and Social Class
Authors: Tevington Patricia
Published: June 2018

In the midst of a shifting economic and cultural landscape, many young adults spend their twenties focused on individual achievement and self-actualization while delaying entrance into social roles such as marriage. Yet religion, particularly Evangelical Protestantism, places a high value on marriage as the legitimate context for sexuality and childbearing—which encourages earlier unions. This article, based on interviews with 87 dating, engaged, and married Evangelical young adults (aged 18 to 29), describes the social reaction to respondents’ marital timelines, which are typically at younger ages than their secular peers. Two sources of strong disapproval emerge. First, secular influences from outside of these respondents’ religious communities are almost unilaterally critical of early marriage plans. Second, even within religious communities, Evangelicals from middle class cultural milieus may face additional disapproval if their family formation plans are interpreted as compromising their educational goals. This article offers important insight on the intersecting roles of religion and social class in shaping the trajectories of young adults.
“You Help Them Out and God Gets the Glory:” Social Class and Inequality in a Fundamentalist Christian Church
Authors: Glassman Lindsay W.
Published: June 2018

Members of Full Truth Calvary Church (a pseudonym) say that they trust God for their material needs by relying on Him to send jobs, homes, and even occasional windfalls of cash. In doing so, they reject steps that might help them get ahead, such as higher education, credit cards, mortgages, or negotiations for higher pay. Members frame their circumstances—which would typically mark them as working class or poor—as indicators of faith. Using over three years of ethnographic and interview data, I explore how this fundamentalist religious community manages socioeconomic risk and inequality with a discourse of reliance on God. I present three key findings. First, I show how Full Truth teachings connect financial practices to faith, framing how members handle money as an important part of their Christian identity. Next, I show how those teachings mitigate inequality by discouraging educational or economic advancement that would place members outside of church community norms. Finally, I show how members with greater means give to their poorer brethren anonymously in an effort to keep the focus on God as the ultimate provider. Though members remain aware of inequity between families, these gifts ideally ease disparities without creating relationships of debt or resentment. My findings contribute to sociological understandings of how religious communities make meaning out of socioeconomic inequality.
Rethinking Canadian Discourses of “Reasonable Accommodation”
Authors: Barras Amélie , Selby Jennifer A. , Beaman Lori G.
Published: June 2018

This article maps the repercussions of the use of reasonable accommodation, a recent framework referenced inside and outside Canadian courtrooms to respond to religiously framed differences. Drawing on three cases from Ontario and Quebec, we trace how the notion of reasonable accommodation—now invoked by the media and in public discourse—has moved beyond its initial legal moorings. After outlining the cases, we critique the framework with attention to its tendency to create theological arbitrators who assess reasonableness, and for how it rigidifies ‘our values’ in hierarchical ways. We propose an alternative model that focuses on navigation and negotiation and that emphasizes belonging, inclusion and lived religion.
Association of spine deformation progression in children with idiopathic scoliosis and folate cycle gene polymorphism
Authors: Filippova Alexandra N. , Baindurashvili Alexey G. , Sogoyan Marina V. , Khalchitsky Sergey E. , Kokushin Dmitry N. , Khardikov Mikhail A.
Published: June 2018

Background. One of the most common orthopedic pathologies in children aged 10–18 years is idiopathic scoliosis, which is diagnosed in 2%–3% of cases in the general population.
Aim. To compare the distributions of the allele frequencies and folate cycle gene genotypes among the MTHFR 677 C>T (rs 1801133), MTHFR 1298 A>C (rs 1801131), MTR 2756 A>G (rs 1805087), and MTRR 66 A>G (rs 1801394) polymorphisms in patients with idiopathic scoliosis and in children without spinal deformity. To also analyze the relationship between the studied molecular-genetic markers and development of scoliosis.
Materials and methods. Clinical and genetic examinations were performed in 48 children with idiopathic scoliosis and 32 healthy children. Molecular-genetic testing was performed by polymerase chain reaction.
Results and discussion. We found that the percentage of carriers of pathological alleles and genotypes was higher in the children with idiopathic scoliosis than in the general population.
The number of pathological alleles and genotypes associated with the MTHFR (A1289C) and MTRR genes was significantly higher in patients with idiopathic scoliosis than in the control group.
Сonclusion. We found that the percentage of carriers of pathological alleles and genotypes was higher in children with idiopathic scoliosis than in the population.
External stabilization of the thorax in complex treatment of children with severe chest injuries: Description of clinical cases
Authors: Satyvaldayev Mustakhim N. , Akselrov Mikhail A.
Published: June 2018

Aim. To describe a proposed method of treating children with a traumatic disorder of the thorax.
Material and methods. Under the conditions of work in the Tyumen “Center of Medicine of Catastrophes”, doctors of all specialties of the Tyumen region interact with thoracic surgeons. Special attention is given to children with polytrauma. In the Tyumen region for the period 2016–2017, two travels to treat children with multiple floating fractures of the ribs on one side were made. The patients were treated by using an original method of external chest stabilization. We present the advantages of the method in the descriptions of the clinical cases.
Results. The chest structure was stabilized by using a V-shaped model of the Cramer tire to increase the area of contact with the chest. The tire was fixed with Kapron thread No 5 by using a large cutting needle, which was wound under the ribs after marking the floating section of the chest. The ribs were stitched for stable areas along the edges and for an unstable fragment of the thorax. Later, the V-shaped model of the Cramer tire was applied and fixed by threads to the chest. This method is simple and acceptable in any hospital and allows early spontaneous breathing with no purulent-septic complications.
Conclusions. This method of restoring the skeletal function of the thorax with the help of external fixation of the V-shaped model of the Cramer tire allows reliable minimally invasive stabilization of the chest wall. External stabilization of the thorax allows early transfer of the victims to independent breathing and shortens the duration of treatment in the intensive care unit. The availability and simplicity of the design makes it possible to perform this procedure everywhere. Video thoracoscopic support is needed only if there is a suspicion of a clotted hemothorax.
Extrusion-based 3D food printing – Materials and machines
Authors: Tan Cavin , Toh Wei Yan , Wong Gladys , Li Lin
Published: June 2018

To help people with dysphagia increase their food intake, 3D printing can be used to improve the visual appeal of pureed diets. In this review, we have looked at the works done to date on extrusion-based 3D food printing with an emphasis on the edible materials (food inks) and machinery (printers) used. We discuss several methods that researchers have employed to modify conventional food materials into printable formulations. In general, additives such as hydrocolloids may modify the rheological properties and texture of a pureed food to confer printability. Some examples of such additives include starch, pectin, gelatin, nanocellulose, alginate, carrageenan etc. In the second part, we have looked at various food printers that have been developed for both academic and commercial purposes. We identified several common advantages and limitations that these printers shared. Moving forward, future research into food printer development should aim to improve on these strengths, eliminate these limitations and incorporate new capabilities. 
Sanctuary sites and compartments: deciphering the enigma
Authors: Amar Avishek
Published: June 2018

It has been a common observation that many drugs get accumulated in the body at certain sites labelled as anatomical or physiological compartments where they are not expected to exert their desired effect. While the field of pharmacology considers these so-called sites or imaginary compartments as “sanctuary compartments” which could comprise of specialised tissue system where drugs could bind to tissue proteins or nucleoproteins, adipose cells serving as reservoir for extensively lipid soluble drugs, aqueous humour, cerebrospinal fluid, bones, and even plasma proteins, the reach and impact of the sanctuary compartments or sanctuary sites (which is the more preferred and broader term) has grown beyond that and spread extensively. Now, it is not just about certain drugs finding safe haven in these sanctuary compartments but also about certain disease conditions like HIV infection and cancer doing the same. Evidence has been accumulating regarding the fact that human immunodeficiency virus and various type of cancer cells have been using these compartments or sites to avoid being exposed to drugs which cannot penetrate well into such sanctuary sites. This phenomenon over the period of time has culminated in the development of resistance towards anti-retroviral and anti-neoplastic drugs to name a few. This means of acquired resistance is proving to be a major barrier to providing effective treatment to the patients. This review focusses on sanctuary compartments, their basic idea, the benefits associated with them, the challenges it poses to modern day medicine and finally, the possible methods of overcoming those challenges by attempting to un-sanctify the sanctuary compartments.
Oral cancer awareness among students from Mumbai University
Authors: Limaye Dnyanesh , Bhatkhande Gauri , Sabu Shweta , Jain Aashvi , Taskar Poorva , Gupta Utkarsh , Sydymanov Arlan , Limaye Vaidehi , Pitani Ravi Shankar , Sathe Sushama , Fortwengel Gerhard
Published: June 2018

Background: Oral cancer is among the top three types of cancers in India. Severe alcoholism, use of tobacco in the form of cigarettes, smokeless tobacco, and betel nut chewing are the most common risk factors for oral cancer. Often individuals with pre cancer even notice the alterations, such as reduced mouth opening in oral submucous fibrosis (OSMF), but they are not aware about the causes and consequences of these changes. Awareness about causes and features of oral cancers can be very helpful in prevention, control and early diagnosis of oral cancer.Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out among students from Mumbai University, India during May-June 2017. Five hundred students were approached to participate in the study of which 400 agreed to participate. Pretested questionnaire was distributed and collected data was analyzed using IBM SPSS version 23.Results: There were 199 (49%) males and 201 (50%) females in the study and response rate was (80%). Respondents had good knowledge about oral cancer. Seventy four percent (268/362) respondents correctly identified smoking, and tobacco chewing as possible causes of oral cancer. Almost all (96%; 348/362) respondents correctly responded that oral cancer does not spread from person to person through touch or speaking. Seventy two percent (260/362) respondents believed that oral cancer is curable. Significantly higher number of male (98%) compared to female participants answered correctly to questions regarding spread of disease and occurrence of oral cancer in AIDS patients.Conclusions: Participants showed good knowledge about oral cancer. Female participants showed lesser knowledge compared to male counterparts. Details about oral cancer should be incorporated in the undergraduate curriculum and periodic awareness programs should be organized for students.
A retrospective study of Adverse Drug Reactions in a tertiary care centre
Authors: Abhishake V. J. Ambika , Basalingappa S. , Gopi Arun , Daulat More Pankaj
Published: June 2018

Background: Adverse drug reactions (ADRs) are a major concern in present day clinical practice. They are inevitable consequences of drug therapy; as no pharmacotherapeutic agent is completely free from noxious and unintended effects. They are major contributors for morbidity, mortality and hospitalization of the patients increasing the economic burden on the society and uncertainty in clinical outcomes.Methods: This was a retrospective observational study, extending over 6 months (September 2016 to February 2017). A total of 290 cases were studied, excluding the geriatric age group. The data was collected using CDSCO ADR reporting form. A comparison of ADR between males and females was made; based on the organ system affected and the category of drug using “proportion test”.Results: The study showed the ADR incidence was equal in both sexes (≈50%). It was observed that majority ADRs were from gastro intestinal system (39%) followed by CNS (20%) and skin and soft tissue (14%). Constipation was found to be the most common of the reported ADRs (18%) followed by vomiting (9%) and diarrhoea (8%).Conclusions: ADRs are a major cause of morbidity worldwide. Several studies; including the present one, has shown GIT to be the most common system affected. Frequency of ADRs can be reduced by careful follow up and a robust hospital based pharmacovigilance setup.
Standardization of ethanol addiction model in Swiss albino Mice
Authors: Chotai Tanvi M. , Kapgate Sarita M.
Published: June 2018

Background: Addiction is compulsive need for use of a habit-forming substance. World Health Organization (WHO) reported that worldwide 3.3 million people died due to alcohol addiction in 2012-13 and 11% of the population in India indulged in heavy drinking in 2014. Addiction is a prime socio-economical problem of society. Studying alcohol dependence in humans involved many ethical issues and experimental difficulties. Hence nonhuman animal experimental model has been used for a research on the topic of alcohol intoxication and dependence. Ethanol dependence has been preferred to develop in genetically modified strain of mice, C-57 which has a natural inclination to consume and develop addiction. But studying addiction in this special strain requires top end experimental facilities and financial aids. Authors reported the animal model to study ethanol dependence in Swiss albino mice. Aim of the study was to develop ‘Ethanol Dependence in Swiss albino mice animal model’ by intermitted access of 20% ethanol.Methods: Dependence was developed in Swiss albino mice by intermitted access of 20% ethanol in two groups having six animals in each group. Dependence was confirmed by presence of the withdrawal symptoms like anxiety, muscular incoordination and behavioral changes of animals on abstinence of ethanol.Results: Significant difference was noted on withdrawal symptoms, i.e. anxiety, muscular coordination, muscle spasm and other behavior related to withdrawal.Conclusions: Ethanol dependence can be successfully developed in Swiss albino mice in 14 days.
The effect of a polyherbal oral formulation in the management of essential hypertension: an open label, pilot clinical study
Authors: Sane Rohit , Dawkhar Suhas , Ambulkar Pranit , Mandole Rahul
Published: June 2018

Background: Effective control of blood pressure in patients with hypertension decreases cardiovascular mortality. However, many hypertensives are unresponsive to standard antihypertensive treatment. Research has found anti-hypertensive potential in the Ayurvedic drugs Brahmi (Bacopa monnieri) and Shunthi (Zingiber officinale). Hence, a pilot study was conducted to evaluate the efficacy and safety of Capsule Artyl (the oral formulation of Brahmi and Shunthi) as a treatment option in hypertensive subjects.Methods: There were 30 hypertensive subjects attending out-patient departments of clinics in Maharashtra, India were enrolled in this four-week, open label, single arm study. All subjects received capsule Artyl (500mg) twice a day orally daily. The mean systolic (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) on days 1 and 28 of the study were compared along with the mean arterial pressure (MAP).Results: The mean SBP was significantly lesser on day 28 (141.86±12.54mm Hg) as compared to the mean SBP recorded on day 1 (155.48±19.37mm Hg) (p<0.001). The mean DBP on day 28 (89.66±6.8mm Hg) was lesser than that on day 1 (90.34±7.44mm Hg) but this difference was not statistically significant (p>0.05). There was a significant decrease in the mean value of MAP on day 28 (107.06±7.03mm Hg) as compared to that on day 1 (112.06±10.75mm Hg) (p<0.01).Conclusions: Capsule Artyl significantly decreased the BP in hypertensive patients, without any adverse effects. Controlled trials are needed to confirm the positive outcome of this promising herbal formulation in hypertensive patients.
A cross sectional study of fasting and post prandial insulin level as a predictor of insulin resistance with hyperinsulinemia with HOMA-IR >2.5 among overweight and obese prepubertal children in a tertiary care Hospital of Bangalore, India
Authors: K. R. Sujith , H. Kiran Raj
Published: June 2018

Background: Overweight and obesity has reached epidemic proportions in developed countries and is rapidly increasing. The proportion of children in the general population who are overweight and obese has doubled over the past two decades in developed and developing countries including India and have a rising prevalence of diabetes. Insulin resistance if detected early, we can intervene early to slow or halt the progression of the associated co morbidities. Dynamic phase of juvenile obesity is initially characterized by an abnormal postprandial profile of plasma insulin, even when fasting insulin levels are still normal and insulin sensitivity is slightly increased. Objective of present study was to find out the occurrence of hyperinsulinemia and Insulin Resistance Markers among   overweight and obese children between 7 to 11 years.Methods: A cross sectional study was carried out in the Bangalore Baptist Hospital, Hebbal, Bangalore from September 2013 to May 2014. Children in the age group of 7 to 11 years who are overweight or obese admitted in the as per WHO Growth Charts were included in the study.A total of 51 Cases were included.Results: In present study the 21 (41.2%) of the study subjects were classified as Overweight and 30 (58.8%) were Obese. The association between level of HOMA-IR and the study variables like age, weight, Height, BMI, FBS, PPBS were found to not significant statistically with p value being more than 0.5. The Pearson Corelation between HOMA-IR and Fasting Blood Glucose, Post Prandial Blood Glucose level, Fasting Basal Insulin Level and Post Prandial Basal Insulin Level were found to statistically significant.Conclusions: Hyperinsulinism and insulin resistance is a concern not only in obese but also in overweight children as shown by the occurrence of insulin resistance.
Neonatal and maternal outcome in oligohydramnios: a prospective study
Authors: Ahmar Rizwan , Parween Sadia , Kumari Smita , Kumar Manish
Published: June 2018

Background: Oligohydramnios presents a threat to the fetus and has been correlated with increased risk of intrauterine growth retardation, meconium aspiration syndrome, severe birth asphyxia, low APGAR scores and congenital abnormities. It is associated with perinatal morbidity and mortality and maternal morbidity in a significant number of cases. Therefore, early detection of oligohydramnios and its management is important. Aim of this study was to know the fetal and maternal outcome in oligohydramnios.Methods: 90 patients in third trimester of pregnancy with Oligohydramnios were selected after satisfying inclusion and exclusion criteria. A detailed history and examination were done. All required investigation done. Oligohydramnios confirmed by measuring Amniotic fluid index (AFI).Results: Mean maternal age-26.1 years. Incidence of oligohydramnios was more in primipara (64.4%) in our study. And operative morbidity was also more in primipara (51.7%). Most common cause of Oligohydramnios was idiopathic (44.44%). Operative morbidity was significantly higher in Non-reassuring FHR (80%) than reassuring FHR (32%). 7 patients (7.78%) were found with fetoplacental insufficiency on Doppler study.Conclusions: Oligohydramnios is frequent occurrence and demands intensive fetal surveillance and proper antepartum and intrapartum care so that perinatal morbidity and mortality and maternal morbidity can be reduced.
A study to analyze the correlation between nutritional dermatoses with socioeconomic status, dietary fallacies and growth in children 1 to 5 years of age, in and around rural area
Authors: Kumar D. Pavan
Published: June 2018

Background: Little information is available about the prevalence of skin conditions among the children in general population. Skin conditions vary in frequencies and severity in different age groups, different geographical locations and under different definitions of skin diseases. Low socioeconomic status, malnutrition, overcrowding, poor standards of hygiene are important factors accounting for development of nutritional dermatoses in developing countries such as India. The objective of the present research was to study the association between nutritional dermatoses with Socioeconomic status, dietary fallacies and growth in children 1 to 5 years of age.                Methods: A cross sectional study was conducted in a rural based medical college of Dakshina Kannada District in Karnataka among the one to five years age children, who were attending the Pediatric out patient with nutritional skin lesions from the month of November 2012 to October 2013. The sample size was estimated as 150 children.Results: In present study, 76.00% (114) of children fall in the group of under nutrition and 73.33% (110) children is having the causative factor as Dietary Fallacies. Majority of children 60.66% (91) with nutritional dermatoses belongs to class IV socio-economic status according to B.G Prasad classification, 27.33% (41) belongs to class III and 12.00% (18) children belongs to class V. 64.66% (97) of children with nutritional dermatoses were underweight, 47.33% (71) of children showed wasting and 35.30% (53) children were stunted.Conclusions: Lower socioeconomic condition and dietary fallacies were the two most causative factors which had an adverse effect on nutritional status of child causing dermatoses. Nutrition deficiency had an impact of early transitional growth failure and delay in the achieving mile stone.
Subclinical rickets among children visiting a tertiary care hospital
Authors: Lakkappa Lakshmi , Abraham Roy Ninan , Savio Chirsti D.
Published: June 2018

Background: Subclinical rickets is the early stage of rickets which can be defined as a state where there are no clinically appreciable changes of rickets but is characterized by biochemical changes which include the following Low or normal calcium, Low phosphorus, raised alkaline phosphatase and Low Vitamin D or raised Parathyroid hormone (PTH) levels. Radiological changes are often subtle to detect in sub clinical rickets. The objective of the present study was to estimate the prevalence of subclinical rickets in the age group 6 weeks to 15 years in tertiary care centre and to study their clinical profile.Methods: Hospital based Cross sectional study was conducted among 156 children in the age group 6 weeks to 15 years over a period of 1 year at a tertiary care centre in South Bangalore. Evaluation and diagnosis of Subclinical rickets was done using various biochemical parameters such as Calcium, phosphorus and alkaline phosphatase and Wrist X ray.Results: Overall Prevalence of Subclinical Rickets among the study group was 57 (36.5%). Sub clinical rickets was more common among Females (41.4%). Significant difference was observed in time spent for outdoor activities among children with (7.18±3.2 hrs) and without (9.04±4.4 hrs) subclinical rickets. Vitamin D supplemented group had lower prevalence of Subclinical rickets. 26% of them had Wrist Changes for sub clinical rickets. Significant decrease in Serum calcium and phosphorus was observed between subjects with and without subclinical rickets.Conclusions: Prevalence of Subclinical Rickets in children aged between 6weeks to 15 years is significantly high. Optimal exposure to sunlight and Vitamin D supplementation can bridge the deficiency gap.
Maternal factors and feeding pattern in neonates admitted with dehydration
Authors: Goyal Suresh , Malvia Sunny , Poswal Lakhan , Jain Bhupesh
Published: June 2018

Background: Some healthy breast-fed infants do not establish an adequate milk intake, continue to lose weight and may develop dehydration. The aim of the study is to find out the maternal factors and feeding pattern of neonates admitted with dehydration.Methods: Hospital based prospective study on neonates (>34 week gestation and >2kg birth weight) with signs/symptoms of dehydration and >10% weight loss after birth admitted in the NICU, MBGH, RNT Medical college, Udaipur, Rajasthan, India for period of 12 months from July 2015-June 2016. Sick neonates with sepsis, birth asphyxia and congenital anomalies were excluded. One apparently healthy neonate and mother selected randomly for each study group dehydrated neonate. Ethical clearance and informed consent for the study was taken.Results: 384 neonates with dehydration were enrolled. Most neonates (96.6%) with dehydration were admitted between Day 3-14 of birth. Dehydration was found in 2.5% caesarean section and 0.8% normal vaginal delivered neonates (p value<0.00001). Dehydrated neonates groups (n=384) was compared with non dehydrated healthy control group (n=384) neonates. Primiparous mothers (p value <0.00001), Pregnancy related complications (p value=0.02), delayed initiation of breast feeding (>1 hour) after birth (p value<0.00001), poor attachment during breast feeding (p value <0.00001), absent let down reflex (p value<0.00001), decreased (<8/day) breast feeding frequency (p value<0.00001), presence of nipple problems (p value<0.001) were more significantly present in dehydrated group as compared to control group. Socioeconomic status, education status and position of mother during breast feeding among mothers in dehydrated group were not significant. 379 neonates were discharged successfully, and 5 neonates expired.Conclusions: Dehydration is a serious problem in breastfed neonates, and early initiation of breast feeding, with proper counselling of breast feeding practices with breast examination in antenatal as well as postnatal period can help in its prevention.
Venous access in neonates: our experience
Authors: Sharma Pramod Kumar , Singh Santosh Kumar
Published: June 2018

Background: The aim of this work was to study various tools for intravenous access in neonates, both short- and long-term, and their feasibility and associated complications.Methods: Records of 366 neonates who required three or more days of hospital admission were retrieved and included in the study. Their requirements of intravenous fluids, and medications and parenteral nutrition were recorded. The type of intravenous (IV) device, its in-situ duration, any complications and the frequency of need to change it were recorded.Results: 42 patients needed long-term (more than 7 days) indwelling cannula and central line insertion. The indications were prolonged stay with the need for IV fluids, need for prolonged antibiotics, and parenteral nutrition. Commonest complication was local thrombophlebitis. Other complications noted were fever and local skin necrosis.Conclusions: Neonatal care has come a long way in last few decades and involves high-end NICUs, advanced ventilators, and other similar gadgets and methodologies. This applies to both, medical as well as surgical neonates. This mandates prolonged admission and various invasive procedures, including surgical operations. Obtaining a secure and long-term venous access automatically becomes an important part of this kind of neonatal care. There are now available a plethora of intravenous cannulas and devices for various indications of intravenous access in neonates. The present article discusses the experience of various options available for intravenous access in neonates including their complications and prevention of the latter.
Clinico-epidemiological study of respiratory distress in newborn and associated risk factors
Authors: Sodawat Rishi , Garg Pukhraj , Singh Chaturbhuj , Sharma Priyanka
Published: June 2018

Background: Respiratory distress (RD) is one of the most common causes of admission in neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) for a variety of pulmonary and non-pulmonary disorders. This study has been undertaken to evaluate prevalence of the known causes and risk factors associated with development of respiratory distress in neonates and finally to assess the clinical correlation with blood investigations, X-RAY, ECG, ABG and 2D ECHO.Methods: The present study was conducted in the department of Pediatrics at JLNMC Ajmer between February 2017 – February 2018, over a period of 12 months. It is a prospective case study.Results: Out of 600 newborns admitted with respiratory distress, Transient Tachypnea of Newborn (TTN) was found to be the most common cause (n = 196, 32.6%) followed by HMD (n = 145, 24.1%).Conclusions: Transient tachypnea of newborn is the most common cause among new-borns with respiratory distress. Majority of newborns develop severe distress within 6 hours after birth. In preterm and term babies the major cause of RD is Hyaline membrane disease (HMD) and HIE/CHD (hypoxic enchephalopathy/congenital heart disease) respectively. While in post term babies MAS is major cause of RD. Newborns with low and very low birth weight are more prone for development of severe distress.
The causative microorganisms and the underlying urological anomalies in children with urinary tract infection
Authors: Bhat Minakshi
Published: June 2018

Background: Urinary tract infection (UTI) is among the most common bacterial infection in children and may be a presentation of variety of underlying urinary tract abnormalities. It is important to diagnose and treat UTI to prevent the long-term complications like renal scarring, hypertension and chronic renal failure. The aim of this study was to find the causative organism and underlying urological anomalies in children with UTI.Methods: A prospective study was carried in children (aged between one month to 12 years) admitted with symptomatic UTI in a tertiary hospital from May 2013 to June 2017.The children were investigated for UTI and the urine culture was positive in 121 patients. The confirmed cases of UTI were subjected to imaging studies as per guidelines. Final study included 116 patients as five patients were excluded due to incomplete investigations.Results: Out of 116 patients, 26 (22.41%) were below 1year ,68 (58.62%) were between 1 to 5 year and 22 (18.96%) were more than 5 years of age. There were 44 (37.93%) males and 72 (62.06%) females. E. coli was the commonest organism causing UTI (78.44%). Urinary tract abnormalities were found in 49 (42.24%) cases. VUR was detected in 23 (46.9%). The other urinary tract abnormalities observed include pelviureteric junction (PUJ) obstruction, posterior urethral valve, urolithiasis, bladder neck obstruction, ureterocele, ectopic kidney, cystic kidney, bladder diverticulum, Extrarenal pelvis, and renal scar respectively.Conclusions: In view of underlying urological anomalies and potential for renal parenchymal damage, UTI should be diagnosed at an earliest and imaging studies should be done in all confirmed cases as per guidelines.
Food allergy and allergens associated with bronchial asthma among school children in an urban and rural area of Puducherry, India: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Gobinaath T. R. , Arokiaraj L. Anand
Published: June 2018

Background: Food allergy is mostly IgE-mediated which is estimated to affect 6% to 8% children and 3% to 4% adults the clinical and social impact of which takes a hard toll in early childhood. The objective is to study the magnitude of food allergy and differences in food allergens among the urban and rural school-going children.Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 350 school going children, aged 5-10 years, attending to two private schools (n=192) and two government schools (n=158) in the urban and rural field practice areas respectively and data regarding food allergens was collected using a semi-structured proforma.Results: There was a significant higher (p<0.001) proportion of wheeze symptomatics among the urban (n=70, 44.3%) than the rural students (n=37, 19.3%). The students had higher allergies to Ice-cream (14.57%, n=51), prawn (11.14%, n=39), peanut (14.57%, n=51), garlic (14.57%, n=51), fish (11.14%, n=39) and milk (11.14%, n=39).Conclusions: There was a higher proportion of food allergy among the urban school students compared to the rural students. The food allergens also varied significantly in their influence on food allergy among the urban and rural areas.
Congenital hepatoblastoma in a neonate
Authors: Shanbhag Manas Maruti , Rao Subba
Published: June 2018

Hepatoblastoma is a rare cause of mass abdomen and distension of abdomen in neonates. In this report, a 1-day-old baby who presented with abdominal distension at birth is being described for its unusual presentation. Diagnosis of hepatoblastoma in the antenatal period is possible with the available imaging modalities such as ultrasound abdomen. Caesarean section is recommended when HBL is antenatally diagnosed as vaginal delivery may cause tumor rupture. Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome, hemihypertrophy and low birth weight are common associations of HBL. Serum Alpha feto protein (AFP) is the most useful laboratory test for hepatoblastoma and hepatocellular carcinoma. AFP is produced in the fetal liver and yolk sac, and levels decline to adult values during the first 6 months after birth. AFP can be used as a tumour marker for screening and confirmation of diagnosis though it is not a very specific tumour marker. Hepatoblastoma should be considered in the differential diagnosis when a neonate presents with distension of abdomen.