bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ECONOMIC ANALYSIS OF YAM FLOUR PROCESSING IN SAKI, OYO STATE, NIGERIA
Authors: OLUWALANA E.O. A. , OLADEJI S. O. , BELLO A. F.
Published: August 2021

The study examined the economics of yam flour processing in Saki, Oyo State, Nigeria. Primary data were obtained using questionnaire. A multistage sampling procedure was used in selecting one hundred and twenty (120) yam processors. Data were analysed using descriptive statistics, budgetary analysis and multiple regressions. Results revealed that 86.5% of yam flour processors were female, 71.2% were married, and 41.4% had primary education. In addition, mean age, household size and production experience of the processors of yam flour were 40 years, 6 persons and 15 years respectively. The gross margin and net farm income were N146,770.03 and N141,536.79 per processing cycle, while the return on investment was 3.25 for every N1 invested which implies that yam flour processing is profitable. Multiple regression revealed that the coefficient of labour cost, transportation cost, cost of storage and packaging and distance to market were negatively significant at 5%, 1%, 1%, and 1% probability level. Also, year of processing experience and membership of association were positively significant at 1% and 5% probability level respectively. The main constraints facing processors of yam flour in the study area were inadequate storage facilities, lack of infrastructural facilities and problem associated with climate change. It is therefore recommended that policies that would enhance large processing capacity so that at the long-run, output and profit can be maximized.
ECONOMIC GROWTH AND INCOME INEQUALITY IN SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA
Authors: AKINBODE S. O. , BOLARINWA T. M. , HASSAN O. O.
Published: August 2021

Economies of Sub-Saharan African (SSA) countries have been growing slowly in recent time. Economic growth is thought to affect inequality but not much is known about the nature of such relationship in SSA and there is no concordance among the few available. This paper examined the relationship between economic growth and inequality in the region using data from 1990 to 2017estimated with the Panel Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) Model and Granger Causality. Hausman’s test suggested the superiority of the Pooled Mean Group (PMG) over the Mean Group (MG) Model. The PMG results showed that economic growth had significant and negative effect on income inequality (proxy by GINI-coefficient) in the long run suggesting a state of the later part of the Kuznet curve. This is in addition to the negative effect in the short run which is contrary to the theory. Furthermore, the result of the Granger Causality test revealed evidence of unidirectional relationship running from economic growth to income inequality in the region. Therefore, the study recommended that governments of Sub-Saharan African countries should implement policies and programmes capable of sustaining and improving inclusive growth in order to avoid high income inequality in the region.
CHANGES IN MICROBIOLOGICAL AND PHYSICO-CHEMICAL PROPERTIES DURING COMPOSTING OF SIAM WEED (Chromolaena odorata) AND COWDUNG
Authors: AKINTOKUN A K , AKINTOKUN P O , OBAWUSI A O , LAWAL O R
Published: August 2021

Three compost samples were prepared in this study from Siam weed (Chromolaena odorata) and cowdung. Sample A was prepared from Cow dung and siam weed at ratio 100g: 100g, Sample B was prepared from 200g chopped siam weed and sample C contained 200g cowdung. These three sam-ples were composted in plastic drums perforated for aeration and each sample were replicated three times. The content in the drums were regularly turned and monitored at 1, 10, 30 and 60 days for mi-crobiological and physicochemical properties. The microbiological and physicochemical analyses of the compost were carried out using standard procedures. Bacterial, Coliform and Fungal count in-creased from day 1 to the 30th day and thereafter decreased from 30th day to the 60th day in all the composting samples. The bacteria species isolated and identified were Pseudomonas fragilis, Pseu-domonas nitrificans, Proteus mirabilis, E. coli, Streptococcus faecium, Micrococcus luteus, Clostridium perfringes, Bacillus cereus, Proteus morganii, Micrococcus acidophilus. Fungal species were Aspergil-lus flavus, Aspergillus fumigatus, Fusarium oxysporium, Penicillum chrysogenum, Aspergillus niger, Mucor sp. and Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The pH of the composted samples ranges between 5.8 to 6.9. The nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium content increased with days of composting but the heavy metals decreased with days of composting. The sulfatase, phosphatase, dehydrogenase, amyl-ase and cellulose enzymes in the three samples increased from day 1 to the 60th day. Sulfatase en-zyme which was the highest ranged from 25 to 76.5% in the three sample, phosphatase (14 to 60.5%), dehydrogenase (20.5 to 55.0%), cellulose (16.5 to 49%) and amylase which was the least enzyme recorded ranged from 5.0 to 38%.
CHARACTERISTICS OF GLASS FIBRE REINFORCED ASPHALT CONCRETE FOR HIGHWAY PAVEMENT DURABILITY
Authors: ABIOLA O S , KUPOLATI W K , AJILEYE O V
Published: August 2021

Fibres have been reported to improve the performance of asphalt against some pavement distresses and have the potential to improve the cohesive and tensile strength of asphalt. Laboratory investiga-tion of the characteristics and properties of glass fibre reinforced asphalt was conducted. Specimens were produced and tested for Stability using Marshall Test. The optimum bitumen content for the con-trol was also determined. Glass fibre of 12 mm length in the range of 0.2 â€“ 0.8% by weight were added to the mix, volumetric parameters were examined using Asphalt Institute specification. Voids in Total Mix was used to determine if there is significant difference in the mean using one-way ANOVA at 5% probability level. The result showed that the penetration of the modified bitumen are lower and there is increase in the optimum bitumen content when compared with the control. Voids in mineral aggregate decreases by 2.72, 1.60, 5.92 and 6.98% when 0.2, 0.4, 0.6 and 0.8% fibre respectively were added. Voids in total mix for both the control and modified asphalt showed no significant difference. The volu-metric parameters falls within the specification. The modified glass fibre would greatly enhance the durability and longevity of highway pavement structures.
AN EFFECTIVE HEALTH CARE INSURANCE FRAUD AND ABUSE DETECTION SYSTEM
Authors: IKUOMOLA A J , Ojo O E
Published: August 2021

Due to the complexity of the processes within healthcare insurance systems and the large number of participants involved, it is very difficult to supervise the systems for fraud. The healthcare service providers’ fraud and abuse has become a serious problem. The practices such as billing for services that were never rendered, performing unnecessary medical services and misrepresenting non-covered treatment as covered treatments etc. not only contribute to the problem of rising health care expenditure but also affect the health of the patients. Traditional methods of detecting health care fraud and abuse are time-consuming and inefficient. In this paper, the health care insurance fraud and abuse detection system (HECIFADES) was proposed. The HECIFADES consist of six modules namely: claim, augment claim, claim database, profile database, profile updater and updated profiles. The system was implemented using Visual Studio 2010 and SQL. After testing, it was observed that HECIFADES was indeed an effective system for detecting fraudulent activities and yet very secured way for generating medical claims. It also improves the quality and mitigates potential payment risks and program vulnerabilities.
A SECURED EMBEDDED SCHEME BASED ON MULTI-CRYPTOGRAPHIC PROTOCOLS
Authors: ONASHOGA S A , OYELEKE O , OJESANMI O A , AGBOOLA A A
Published: August 2021

Transmission of information via unsecured channel requires confidentiality, authorization and authentication as part of major factors that must be put into consideration. This work proposes a scheme that can take care of these major factors at once. The method involves a multi-level approach that comprises of a key exchange protocol, a message authentication code, a key derivation function and a symmetric encryption known as polyalphabetic substitution that makes use of a 94x94 Vigenere table. The four cryptographic techniques are combined to form an encryption protocol, coined MLES for a message to be securely transmitted. In order to test the functionality of MLES scheme, it was implemented using Java 1.8.0 and tested on a text data. The result shows a feasible protocol that can secure a message in steganography.
AN ENHANCED TECHNOLOGY ACCEPTANCE MODEL TO MEASURE CUSTOMERS’ WILLINGNESS TO PAY MORE FOR SECURE SOFTWARE DEVELOPMENT
Authors: AROGUNDADE O T , MUSTAPHA O , IKOTUN A M , ADEJIMI A O
Published: August 2021

Securing information system (IS) has become a critical concern within many sectors of business organisations with significant resources being devoted to the control of security threats. Recently, it has been discovered that incorporating security at the time of development is the best option for having a robust system. This study explores factors that motivate IS owner’s willingness to pay extra cost for a secure software development and validates the relationships among the various variables. Enhanced Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) was used to investigate the factors that influences IS owner’s willingness to pay extra cost for secured software development. Out of all the constructs considered, Self-Efficacy (SE) is found to be significant (β= 0.617, P<0.05) which suggests that self-efficacy is useful for investigating willingness to pay for a secure software development. In addition, the strength of the linear association between Self-Efficacy and Behavioural Intention (BI) (R2 =0.354) implies that Self Efficacy has direct moderate impact on Behavioural Intention to pay extra cost for a secure software development.
AN ONTOLOGY-BASED KNOWLEDGE REPRESENTATION USING ANALYTIC HIERARCHY PROCESS FOR ENHANCING SELECTION OF PRODUCT PREFERENCES
Authors: VINCENT O. R. , OWOADE A. , MAKINDE A. S. , AKINWALE A. T.
Published: August 2021

Product alternatives, which emerges from large number of websites during searching, accounts for some hesitation experienced by customers in selecting satisfying product. As a result, making useful decision with many trade-off considerations becomes a major cause of such problem. Several approaches have been employed for product selection such as, fuzzy logic, Neuro-fuzzy, and weighted least square. However, these could not solve the problem of inconsistency and irrelevant judgement that occur in decision making. In this study, Ontology-based Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) was used for enhancing selection of product preferences. The model involved three fundamental components: product gathering, selection and decision making. Ontology Web Language (OWL) was utilized to define ontology in expressing product information gathering in a standard and structured manner for the purpose of interoperability while AHP was employed in making optimal choices. The procedure accepts customers’ perspectives as inputs which are classified into criteria and sub-criteria. Owl was created to foster customers’ interaction and priority estimation tool for AHP in order to generate the consistency ratio of individual judgements. The model was benchmarked with Geometric Mean (GM), Eigenvector (EV), Normalized Column Sum (NCS) Weighted Least Square (WLS) and Fuzzy Preference Programming (FPP). First and second order total deviations and violation rate were the performance parameters evaluation with AHP. The results showed that the minimum and maximum units of products are 2,452and 3,574, respectively. These implied that the proposed model was consistent, relevant and reflected a non-violation of judgment in selection of product preferences.
TIME-COURSE EFFECTS OF LOW-LEVELS ARSENIC ON ELECTROLYTES AND LIPIDS IN MALE ALBINO RATS
Authors: ADEYI O. E. , BABAYEMI D. O. , ESUMEI P. , ADENITAN U. , AYODELE A. P.
Published: August 2021

his study was conducted to investigate the time-course effects of low levels of organic arsenic on electrolytes balance and lipid profiles in different organs of male rats. Animals were exposed to arsenic (As) as Dimethylarsenate (DMA) in their drinking water for 5, 10 and 15 weeks at doses 20 and 40 ppm. Lipids (Triacylglycerol (TAG), total cholesterol, phospholipids) and electrolytes (sodium, potassium, magnesium, calcium) levels were determined in the hepatic, renal, brain and cardiac tissues of experimental animals. Potassium significantly (p<0.05) increased in the hepatic, renal and cardiac tissues after 5 weeks exposure to 40 ppm arsenic. Significant (p<0.05) increase observed in hepatocytes calcium level was shown to be dose-dependent. While there was no observed significant (p>0.05) difference in hepatic and renal magnesium after 15 weeks exposure, magnesium significantly altered in the brain and cardiac tissues after 15 weeks. TAG concentration in most of the organs studied was significantly (p<0.05) altered after 5 weeks exposure to 20 ppm arsenic. Phospholipids in the renal and hepatic tissues were also significantly (p<0.05) decreased after 15 weeks of exposure to As. However, only in the renal tissues was hypocholesterolemia observed in 40 ppm groups at 5, 10 and 15 weeks of exposure. Our findings indicate exposure to progressively low-levels arsenic can result in electrolytes imbalance and dyslipidemia in different organs in rats.
A FRAMEWORK FOR ONTOLOGY- BASED DIABETES DIAGNOSIS USING BAYELSIAN OPTIMIZATION TECHNIQUE
Authors: OKIKIOLA F. M. , ADEWALE O. S. , MUSTAPHA A. M. , IKOTUN A. M. , LAWAL O. L.
Published: August 2021

Diabetes Management System (DMS) is a computer-based system which aid physicians in properly diagnosing diabetes mellitus disease in patients. The DMS is essential in making individuals who have diabetes aware of their state and type. Existing approaches employed have not been efficient in considering all the diabetes type as well as making full prescription to diabetes patients. In this paper, a framework for an improved Ontology-based Diabetes Management System with a Bayesian optimization technique is presented. This helped in managing the diagnosis of diabetes and the prescription of treatment and drug to patients using the ontology knowledge management. The framework was implemented using Java programming language on Netbeans IDE, Protégé 4.2 and mysql. An extract of the ontology graph and acyclic probability graph was shown. The result showed that the nature of Bayesian network which has to do with statistical calculations based on equations, functions and sample frequencies led to more precise and reliable outcome.
ADOPTION OF CASSAVA PROCESSING TECHNOLOGIES AMONG ENTREPRENEURS IN EKITI STATE, NIGERIA
Authors: FATUASE L. O. , MOGBOJURI A. O. , ANYAECHE C. O.
Published: August 2021

Cassava products are among the cheap processed foods that are available, accessible and affordable by the majority of households in the developing countries including Nigeria. Therefore, this study assessed the adoption of cassava processing technologies among entrepreneurs in Ekiti State, Nigeria. However, the technologies for the processing are largely inadequate. Personal interview and 200 well-structured questionnaires were distributed among the cassava processors. Multistage sampling technique was used to randomly select 180 cassava processors and these were analysed using descriptive statistics and multiple regression model. The results showed that the cassava processing business was dominated by female households (70.4%) with an average age of 48 years. Majority (89.6%) of them were married with at most secondary school education (85.0%) and an average of 8 persons per household. The results also showed that cassava processing business were profitable in the area. It revealed that gari, lafun, fufu, pupuru, starch and tapioca were the main consumable products from cassava tubers in the area. Sieve, miller, peeler, hydraulic press, grater and dryer were the most commonly used equipment for processing cassava tubers into other forms. The results of multiple regression showed that age of the processors, processing experience, family size, education, total cost of processing and quantity of cassava tubers processed were the factors significantly affecting numbers of technologies adopted in the study area. Therefore, Government should make the environment conducive for the processors and help researchers to improve on the technologies and come up with affordable technologies.

 

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SÍNDROME DE DISTRÉS RESPIRATORIO AGUDO EN PEDIATRÍA
Authors: Rivero Natalia , Araneda Patricio , Astorga Estefanía , Améstica Marjorie , Cruces Pablo
Published: August 2021

El Síndrome de Distrés Respiratorio Agudo (SDRA) es una entidad grave de elevada mortalidad, siendo en pediatría un desafío diagnóstico y terapéutico. La característica primaria del SDRA es el desarrollo de edema pulmonar no cardiogénico debido a una respuesta inflamatoria excesiva que aumenta la permeabilidad de la barrera sangre-gas. Existe una fuerte evidencia de que una estrategia inadecuada de soporte ventilatorio puede aumentar el daño pulmonar, inducir disfunciones de órganos a distancia y aumentar la mortalidad.

El presente artículo pretende revisar conceptos actuales relacionados al diagnóstico de SDRA pediátrico, mecanismos fisiopatológicos, daño pulmonar inducido por la ventilación mecánica y una breve revisión de las terapias de rescate.
INTERACCIÓN CARDIOPULMONAR EN EL PACIENTE PEDIÁTRICO CRÍTICO
Authors: Acuña A Carlos
Published: August 2021

Para optimizar el manejo de los pacientes críticos, es fundamental comprender los principios de la interacción cardiopulmonar. El objetivo último desde el punto de vista fisiológico de la interacción entre los sistemas circulatorio y pulmonar es optimizar la entrega de oxígeno a los tejidos y dar cuenta de la demanda metabólica, especialmente en situaciones donde la fisiología normal se ve alterada, como es el caso de los pacientes pediátricos críticamente enfermos. Es así como durante una enfermedad crítica, si alguno de estos dos sistemas falla, (juntos o por separado), el resultado final es una inadecuada entrega de O2 tisular, que puede conducir a isquemia, disfunción orgánica progresiva, y si no se trata, hasta la muerte.

En esta revisión intentaremos abordar de forma didáctica los principales conceptos fisiológicos involucrados en las interacciones cardiopulmonares y cómo estos se ven afectados frente a las intervenciones que realizamos en el manejo de los pacientes críticos.
Sistem Pakar Penentuan Penempatan Karyawan Terhadap Bidang Pekerjaan Berbasis Web Dengan Metode Case Based Reasoning Studi Kasus CV.Mitra Tehnik
Authors: Astrawinata Yuda Febri , Triono Joko , Utomo Pradityo
Published: August 2021

Banyak hal yang dapat dilakukan dikarenakan pesatnya perkembangan teknologi dan informasi, salah satu hal yang dapat dilakukan adalah menentukan penempatan karyawan dengan bidang pekerjaan, salah satu cara yang mudah untuk menentukan penempatan karyawan dengan bidang pekerjaan adalah dengan menggunakan sistem pakar. Sistem pakar ini dibuat untuk dimanfaatkan oleh perusahaan dalam menentukan penempatan karyawan dengan bidang pekerjaan. Pembangunan aplikasi sistem pakar ini menggunakan metode pengembangan sistem pakar dan bahasa pemrograman yang digunakan PHP, sedangkan untuk database menggunakan MySQL. Teknik pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan cara melakukan wawancara dengan perusahaan terkait dan browsing di internet. metode inferensi yang digunakan dalam pembangunan sistem pakar ini adalah metode case based reasoning yaitu metode yang mengambil hasil kesimpulan kasus baru berdasarkan kasus lama dan memberikan solusi pada kasus baru berdasrkan kasus lama yang memiliki nilai kemiripan tertinggi. Aplikasi telah berhasil dibangun dan diuji dengan metode pengujian black box dengan tingkat keberhasilan 100%.
Untangling the Mistral and seasonal atmospheric forcing driving deep convection in the Gulf of Lion: 2012–2013
Authors: Keller Jr. Douglas , Givon Yonatan , Pennel Romain , Raveh-Rubin Shira , Drobinski Philippe
Published: August 2021

Abstract. Deep convection in the Gulf of Lion is believed to be primarily driven by the Mistral winds. However, our findings show that the seasonal atmospheric change provides roughly 2/3 of the buoyancy loss required for deep convection to occur, for the 2012 to 2013 year, with the Mistral supplying the final 1/3. Two NEMOMED12 ocean simulations of the Mediterranean Sea were run for the Aug. 1st, 2012 to July 31st, 2013 year, forced with two sets of atmospheric forcing data from a RegIPSL coupled run within the Med-CORDEX framework. One set of atmospheric forcing data was left unmodified, while the other was filtered to remove the signal of the Mistral. The Control simulation featured deep convection, while the Seasonal did not. A simple model was derived, relating the anomaly scale forcing (the difference between the Control and Seasonal runs) and the seasonal scale forcing to the ocean response through the Stratification Index. This simple model revealed that the Mistral's effect on buoyancy loss depends more on its strength rather than its frequency or duration. The simple model also revealed that the seasonal cycle of the Stratification Index is equal to the net surface heat flux over the course of the year, with the stratification maximum and minimum occurring roughly at the fall and spring equinoxes.
Evaporation over glacial lakes in Antarctica
Authors: Shevnina Elena , Potes Miguel , Vihma Timo , Naakka Tuomas , Dhote Pankaj R. , Thakur Praveen K.
Published: August 2021

Abstract. The water cycle in glacier hydrological networks is not well known in Antarctica. We present the first evaluations of evaporation over a glacial lake located in the Schirmacher oasis, Dronning Maud Land, East Antarctica. Lake Zub/Priyadarshini is a shallow lake of the epiglacial type, and it is ice free for almost two months in summer (December–February). We evaluated evaporation over the ice free surface of Lake Zub/Priyadarshini using various methods including the eddy covariance (EC) method, the bulk aerodynamic method, and Dalton type empirical equations. The evaporation was estimated on the basis of data collected during a field experiment in December–February, 2017–2018, and regular observations at the nearest meteorological site. The EC was considered as the most accurate method providing the reference estimates for the evaporation over the lake surface. The EC method suggests that the mean daily evaporation was 3.0 mm day−1 in January, 2018. The bulk-aerodynamic method, based on observations at the lake shore as an input, yielded a mean daily evaporation of 2.3 mm day−1 for January. One of the Dalton type equations was better in estimating the summer mean evaporation, but the bulk aerodynamic method was much better in producing the day-to-day variations in evaporation. The summer evaporation over the ice-free Lake Zub/Priyadarshini exceeded the summer precipitation by a factor of 10. Hence, evaporation is a major term of the water balance of glacial lakes. Evaluation of the evaporation products of ERA5 reanalysis clearly demonstrated the need to add glacial lakes in the surface scheme of ERA5. Presently the area-averaged evaporation of ERA5 is strongly underestimated in the lake-rich region studied here.
PROBABILITY FROM A SOCIO-CULTURAL PERSPECTIVE
Authors: SHARMA SASHI
Published: August 2021

There exists considerable and rich literature on students’ misconceptions about probability; less attention has been paid to the development of students’ probabilistic thinking in the classroom. Grounded in an analysis of the literature, this article offers a lesson sequence for developing students’ probabilistic understanding. In particular, a context familiar to teachers—exploring compound events that occur in a game of chance—is presented, and it is demonstrated how the context can be used to explore the relationship between experimental and theoretical probabilities in a classroom setting. The approach integrates both the content and the language of probability and is grounded in socio-cultural theory.
First published November 2016 at Statistics Education Research Journal Archives
İSLÂM İTİKADI AÇISINDAN DEĞİŞİM
Authors: KARAÇOBAN Ethem
Published: August 2021

Kurân açısından tek bir din vardır o da tevhid esasına dayanan İslâm dinidir. Ancak bu din insanlığın tek dini olarak kalmamış, insanlar bu dini çizgiyi değiştirerek kendilerine yeni dinler edinmişlerdir. Bunun üzerine Allah tarafından yeni uyarıcılar vasıtasıyla tevhide çağrılmışlar çağrıyı kabul edip kendinde olanı değiştirmek suretiyle yeni bir hayat tarzını seçenler olduğu gidi kendinde olanları koruma adına çağrıyı reddedenler de olmuştur. Buradan da anlaşılacağı gibi saikleri çeşitli olan değişim insanın hayat tarzlarını belirlemede önemli rol üstlenmiştir. İnsan, Mü’min mi kâfir mi ya da muvahhid mi müşrik mi olacağı hususundaki tercihlerini bu değişimler vasıtasıyla belirlemiştir. Bu yönüyle peygamberlerin en önemli misyonlarının değişim olduğunu ifade edebiliriz. Belirtilen noktalardan hareketle biz çalışmamızda önce dinin aslını oluşturan iman, inanç ve hep bu iki kavramla yan yana sözü edilen bazen övülen bazen yerilen değişim üzerinde durup akabinde İslâm’ın toplumları değiştirmesi ve toplumların münzel İslâm’dan inhirafı konularını ele almaya çalışacağız.
FROM SUAKIN ISLAND TO COMOROS ISLANDS: EAST AFRICAN MUSLIMS' STRUGGLE FOR EXISTENCE
Authors: ÖZKÖSE Kadir
Published: August 2021

Suakin Island is a strategically important island in the northeast of the Sudanese Republic and on the Red Sea coast. The Comoros Islands, on the other hand, are islands located in the south east of Africa, in the west of the Indian Ocean. East Africa coasts extending from the Red Sea coast in the north of Africa, to the Comoros Islands located in the south of Africa are very special and fertile lands that have hosted the culture and civilization of Muslim peoples. These lands, which are the subject of this article, have a difficult nature in terms of both geographical and climatic conditions, have been exposed to the invasion and influx of powerful states throughout history. Especially the dreams of Portuguese sailors who wandered the Cape of Good Hope to transfer the riches of the east to the west caused the western powers to turn their attention to this geography in the sixteenth century. In our article, we draw attention to the formation of the Islamic civilization of the coasts of East Africa and the Red Sea and the development phase of this cultural texture called the Swahili civilization. We tried to focus on the Harar sultanates and the Abyssinian State of the Ottoman Empire. It is preferred to give point to the strategic location of the cities of Suakin, Masawa and Zeila, which are the administrative centers of the Abyssinian state. We observe that the Ottoman navy, which dominated the Red Sea for three centuries and prevented the Portuguese invasion, organized voyages in the Indian Ocean in the direction of Yemen, Basra and the Indian through the Bosporus of Bâbü'l-Mendeb, as well as voyages along the coast of East Africa to the lands of today's Somalia, Kenya and Tanzania. In our article, it will be clarified that how East African Muslims had a bond of affection with the Ottoman Empire until the First World War.
INDIAN MADRASAHS: EVOLUTION AND GROWTH WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO KERALA MODEL
Authors: KODUVAYAKKAL Unais
Published: August 2021

This study unveils the history of madrasahs from the beginning to the present level educational revolution in India, not the least, in Kerala. Form the time of Prophet (d.632 A.D ) to this day even, the tradition of madrasah has undergone many changes in curricula, infrastructure and other related aspects of learning and teaching methods. The pre-colonial period had some origins of madrasahs while Mughals (1526-1857) made it a golden period of Islamic education until the octopus clinch of British rule (1757-1947) shackles this nation. Under the shadow of western education, they crippled the religious, cultural, economic and educational base of Indians. Muslim scholars resisted well with the shield of religious learning which they have acquired from the traditional learning (ders) system of masjıds. This study clearly focuses the traditional growth and timely changes and nuances of religious education in Kerala. Through various periods, with concerned systems, this reveals how madrasahs and its classic form of Masjid-Ders systems shaped the religious and educational platform of India in general and Kerala in particular.
İbrahim Baz, Kadızadeliler Sivasiler Tartışması
Authors: DİLMEN Ömer
Published: August 2021

Bu çalışmada Doç. Dr. İbrahim Baz’ın kaleme aldığı Kadızadeliler Sivasiler Tartışması adlı kitap değerlendirilecektir. Osmanlı Devleti’nde 17. yüzyıl, İstanbul merkezli Kadızâdeliler ve Sivâsîler arasında fikrî bazen de fiilî saldırıların olduğu bir dönem olarak kayıtlara girmiştir. Kadızâdeliler denilen fakih kimliğine sahip âlimlerle, sûfî kimliğine sahip Sivâsîler arasındaki bu tartışma, devletin otoritesinin ve ekonomik imkanlarının zayıfladığı, sosyal problemlerin baş gösterdiği bir zamanda ortaya çıkmıştır. Toplumdaki sorunların çözümünü asr-ı saâdete dönmek ve bütün bidatlerden uzaklaşmak olarak belirleyen Kadızâdeliler, sûfîlerin din anlayışının bu sorunları çözmede engel olduğunu düşünerek, onların etkilerini ve etkinliklerini ortadan kaldırmak istemişlerdir. Bu tartışma ortamında Kadızâdeliler, devlet otoritesine yakınlaşarak elde ettikleri nüfûzla sûfîleri tasfiye etmeye çalışmışlardır. Devlet erkânının genel itibariyle gönülleri sûfîlerin yanında olmakla birlikte siyâsî gayeler gereği Kadızâdelilerin safında yer aldıkları bilinmektedir. Kadızâdelilerin fikrî ve fiilî saldırıları karşısında sûfîler fikrî mücadele vermişler, tartışma konuları hakkında ciddi ilmî eserler yazmışlardır. Bu tartışmada hikmeti önceleyen sûfîler olayları doğru değerlendirerek bu tasfiye hareketinin karşısında yer almışlardır. Kadızâdelilerin din anlayışının ve bu anlayışın günümüz dünyasındaki takipçilerinin İslâm ve müslüman imajına ciddi zarar verdiği yadsınamaz bir gerçektir. Baz’ın Kadızadeliler Sivasiler Tartışması adlı kitabı, bu tartışmada olayların arka planını, tarihi seyrini sistematik olarak ele alması ve özellikle sûfî bakış açısını ortaya koyması yönleri ile literatürde önemli bir boşluğu doldurabilecek niteliğe sahiptir.
Evaluation of Children with COVİD-19 in the First Month of the Outbreak in Turkey; Initial Pediatric Data from a Tertiary Hospital
Authors: Akaslan Kara Aybüke , Kıymet Elif , Böncüoğlu Elif , Şahinkaya Şahika , Cem Ela , Arıkan Kamile , Bayram Nuri , Alp Yaşar Tamer , Öztop Mehmet Burak , Çelik Tanju , Devrim İlker
Published: August 2021

Objective: SARS-CoV-2, emerged in December 2019 in the city of Wuhan in the People’s Republic of China affects children as well as all age groups. The aim of the study was to evaluate the clinical features and outcomes of pediatric cases with COVID-19 in the first month of the epidemic in Turkey. Method: This single center cross-sectional study was conducted in University of Health Sciences Dr Behçet Uz Child Diseases and Pediatric Surgery Training and Research Hospital during the period of March 11 – April 20, 2020. Demographic, epidemiological and clinical data were collected from medical records. All patients were confirmed by real time reverse transcription- polymerase chain reaction. Chidren were classified as asymptomatic, mild, moderate, severe, and critically ill patients. Results: In this study, we reported the clinical characteristics of a case series involving 30 chilren with COVID-19 aged from 23 days to 16 years. Twenty-nine (96.7%) patients had confirmed contact with family members for COVİD-19. The majority of patients were asymptomatic (50%) or had mild symptoms (26.7%). Fever (46.6%) and cough (33.3%) were the most common symptoms. Conclusion: Our study indicated that COVID 19 in children exhibited less severe symptoms and had better outcomes
Acute Pancreatitis and Acute Recurrent Pancreatitis: Investigation of Clinical and Etiological Factors
Authors: Özbay Hoşnut Ferda , Şahin Gülseren , Akça Çağlar Ayla , Güleray Naz , Erdoğan Derya
Published: August 2021

INTRODUCTION: It was aimed to evaluate the etiology, clinical, laboratory and imaging findings and treatment methods of patients who have admitted with acute pancreatitis (AP) and progressed to chronic pancreatitis (CP) with ARP (acute recurrent pancreatitis). METHODS: The data of children under the age of 18 years who were admitted to our hospital between January 2013-July 2020 and were diagnosed with acute, acute recurrent or chronic pancreatitis according to INSPPIRE diagnostic criteria were evaluated retrospectively. RESULTS: There were 77 patients who were followed-up with the diagnosis of acute pancreatitis. Pancreatitis attack did not recur in 53/77 patients and no underlying cause was found in 35.84% (19/53) of the patients. The most common factor in those whose cause could be determined was gallstones (15.1%) (8/53). The pancreatitis attack recurred in 24 (31%) of the patients. Congenital anomalies (9/24) and hereditary pancreatitis (5/24) were the most common causes of pancreatitis in these patients and these factors were a risk factor for the recurrence of pancreatitis attack. There was no difference between the groups in terms of complications (p=0.423); however, chronicity was more common in the group with ARP (p=0.003). DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: Beside the pancreatitis is a rare disease in childhood, with the increase of awareness and increased accessibility to diagnostic imaging methods, more and more pancreatitis is diagnosed day by day. Idiopathic acute pancreatitis cases still constitute the largest group. If other causes are excluded in these cases, it is important to investigate congenital anomalies, genetic and metabolic etiologies
Levels of job satisfaction among physical therapists working in public and private sectors of Peshawar
Authors: Khalil Humam , Anees Madiha , Shabbir Rida
Published: August 2021

Introduction: Job satisfaction is progressive emotional response and attitudes of people towards their work. It is the result of multidimensional factors included working conditions. Important predictors of satisfaction with one's job are said to be the power and confidence in leadership in department, interpersonal relationships with supervisors and co-workers, skill or career development opportunities and time for professional development and fair salary status compared to peers having same experience and practical skills. Therefore, the objective of this study was to determine the Job satisfaction among physical therapists working in public and private sectors of Peshawar.
Material & Methods: This cross-sectional survey was conducted on 100 physical therapists working in Public and Private physical therapy departments of Peshawar. Duration of study was 4 months (Oct-18 to Jan-19). Data was collected through job satisfaction survey questionnaire from 14 institutes. Those participants who fulfilled the inclusion criteria were recruited. Participants who were not employed at the time of study and had an experience less than 6 months were excluded from the study. While analyzing the data, frequency was calculated for gender, age, full-time or part-time job status, salary range, work duration, years of experience and area of work and their association was found with total satisfaction using Chi square test while correlation was found using Pearson correlation.
Results: Out of 100 participants, 46% were males and 54% were females with age ranging from 23-43 years. Among all, 68% were ambivalent, 29% were completely satisfied, while only 3% were not satisfied. Positive correlation was found among all the subscales except with fringe benefit which was not significantly correlated with the total score.
Conclusion: Majority of the physical therapist working in government and private sector ambivalent regarding job satisfaction level. Mainly job satisfaction was positively correlated with pay, supervisor attitude, contingent rewards and nature of work, operating policies and procedures, and communication within the organization.
Suicidal ideation and self-harm in transgender youth; role of social exclusion
Authors: Javaid Rabbia , Khalid Asma , Akhtar Shoaib
Published: August 2021

Introduction: Transgender community across the world is extremely vulnerable for abuse, discrimination and violence. This vulnerability leads the transgender community towards suicidal ideation and self-harm. This paper attempts to study the phenomenon of social exclusion and how it relates to suicidal ideation and self-harm amongst the transgender youth living and working in a society.
Material & Methods: The study adopted qualitative approach using document analysis, semi-structured interviews and focus group discussion. Interviews and focus group discussion were held with twenty-six respondents selected through snowball sampling technique.
Results: The results indicated that transgender community was prone to suicidal ideation and self-harm tendencies. Loneliness, gender identity crises, police behavior and bad attitude of gurus were some of the contributing factors to suicidal ideation in the studied group of transgenders.
Conclusion: The biggest reason among transgender for suicidal ideation is their gender identity having the concept of 'incomplete life'. The ambiguous gender identity of studied transgender has more suicidal ideation in them than their normal counterparts. The behavior of their families and unsuccessful relationships are the strong predictors of self-harm in them.
Effects of feeding practices on the diversity of faecal short chain Fatty acids in 1-4 months infants in Pakistani cohort
Authors: Durrani Mehwish , Bukhari Ashfaq Ahmad Shah , Abubakr Muhammad , Tariq Kalsoom , Rehman Aziz Ur , Shafiq Muhammad
Published: August 2021

Introduction: The most important product of fermentation of non-digestible carbohydrates is short chain fatty acids. Formation of these metabolites are mainly dependent on diet and gut microbial colonization. Literature has been supportive of the fact that short chain fatty acids play significant role in chronic inflammation (allergic diseases) and host physiology and metabolic processes including obesity and diabetes. Little is known about the differences in the metabolism between breast-fed and bottle-fed infants in our country. This study was designed to determine the differences in the metabolism between breast-fed and bottle-fed infants in Pakistani cohort.
Material & Methods: A cross sectional study was carried out in 50 healthy infants. Enrollment of these children was done from different centers and localities in Peshawar. Stool samples were collected from the included infants and short chain fatty acids were studied by using Gas Chromatography.
Results: A total of 50 healthy infants (25 breast-fed and 25 bottle-fed) with mean age (mean ± sd) 78.40 35.88 days (range: 1-4 months) were included in this survey. Breast feeding was associated with lesser absolute concentrations of total short chain fatty acids. Among short chain fatty acids, acetates were more in breast feeding infants (median 651, p= 0.001) compared to formula feeding infants while propionates (median 81.06, p=0.02), butyrates (median 31.86, p=0.007) and iso-butyrates (median 3.76, p=0.003) were dominant in FFI which indicated an important role of short chain fatty acids in human health.
Conclusion: It may be concluded that feeding practices strongly influence the gut microbial metabolism and metabolites (short chain fatty acids).
Bats and diseases in the context of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic and magic medicine practices: perceptions, prejudices and realities (historical, zoological, epidemiological and ethnocultural interferences)
Authors:   Institute of Cultural Heritage, Republic of Moldova, Arapu Valentin
Published: August 2021

The pandemic caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus has multiple unknown sides, various hypotheses regarding the causes of this plague being launched. One of the hypotheses, circulating both in science and in the media, concerns a series of animals, carriers of the SARS-CoV-2 virus, subsequently transmitted through other animals to humans. Bats are among the possible mammals that are targeted in such contamination, but there is no clear evidence in this regard. Chiroptera play an important role in ecology, economy and human life, contributing to the protection and pollination of plants, the eradication of harmful insects in agriculture, the development of new remedies and pharmacological preparations, including anticoagulants. In Romanian folklore, bats have an evil image, a fact explained by their nocturnal way of life. Some practices of magical medicine were based on the use of certain parts of the bat’s body (blood, wings, paws, down) to treat certain diseases and mental ailments. The bat appears in children’s folklore, in stories and riddles, being a creature through which the little ones got to know the fauna and learned to hate the petty qualities of the human being. In the cultures of the world, the bat is ubiquitous in folklore, magic medicine and art
The formation of public opinion about the Roma on the press of the Soviet Socialist Republic of Moldova (60s–70s of the XX century)
Authors:   Institute of Cultural Heritage, Republic of Moldova, Procop Svetlana
Published: August 2021

This article attempts to show how public opinion about Roma was formed on the pages of the republican press in the 60s and 70s of the XX century. It is known that a set of political attitudes relevant to Soviet society was propagated through the media in the 60s and 70s. At the same time, the media, the press in particular, had certain ideological guidelines for presenting information. The content of this information was aimed not only at selective reflection of socio-cultural reality, but also at creating by means of culture an ideal image of a new person and new social relations, convenient for the political system. In the present article, we will try to show the “presence” of Roma and their problems, reflected in the republican press of Moldova in the 60s–70s of the XX century. In fact, it is about how a whole block of social problems was touch upon and solved in the periodicals, while the interests of the Roma population, living in the republic, were not considered separately. Within the framework of this study, an attempt was made to formulate a hypothesis related to the extent to which the “Roma issue”, as it is presented today all over the world, has been included in a number of national issues that need to be addressed
On the role of ethnographic heritage in education
Authors:   National Museum of the History of Moldova, Ploshnitsa Elena
Published: August 2021

The article considers education and training as two essential components of the process of identification, development, preservation and transmission of knowledge and skills, awareness of the values of the ethnographic heritage. The author suggests to use the ethnographic heritage in the educational process taking into account the needs and challenges of contemporary society. According to the author, today it is necessary to encourage the approach to ethno-cultural heritage from interdisciplinary and international points of view. It is necessary to study and understand the possibilities of using these values in other areas, to evaluate and ensure the sustainability of research and education. Quality education implies respect for cultural diversity, identity and individuality. The elements of ethnographic heritage and the existence of traditional institutions can ensure socialization, inclusion and cohesion in the community. Supporting traditional crafts, as creative industries and sources of income, is relevant and essential for the development of society. The current task in education should be to contribute to supporting the creation of a new culture, a new conception of Moldovan society, a culture that meets the needs of the contemporary era, given the archetype and peculiarities of Moldovan ethno-psychology, a culture that contributes to ethnic consolidation, to respond to the two existing challenges in the contemporary world: globalization and preservation of local identity; tradition and new technologies.
PENGARUH LATIHAN PASIF (STRETCHING) TERHADAP PENURUNAN NYERI SENDI LUTUT PADA LANSIA DI PANTI BINA LANJUT USIA KABUPATEN JAYAPURA
Authors: Subekti Aji , Kismiyati Kismiyati , Patungo Vertianingsih
Published: August 2021

Seiring dengan bertambahnya usia, timbul perubahan-perubahan sebagai akibat proses menua (aging process), meliputi perubahan fisik mental, spiritual dan psikososial. Dari berbagai masalah ternyata gangguan muskuloskeletal menempati urutan kedua (6%) setelah penyakit kardiovaskuler pada lansia. Upaya yang dapat dilakukan dengan pemberian latihan atau terapi latihan pasif (stretching). Tujuan penelitian untuk mengetahui pengaruh latihan pasif (stretching) terhadap penurunan nyeri sendi lutut pada lansia. Jenis penelitian yaitu penelitian quasi eksperimen dengan rancangan pre-post test pada dua grup kasus dan kontrol. Populasi adalah seluruh lansia dengan kelompok kasus sebanyak 6 orang dan kelompok kontrol sebanyak 6 orang. Data intensitas nyeri diperoleh menggunakan skala Verbal Numerical Rating Scale (VNRS) setelah dilakuan tes Laseque dan O’conel. Adapun teknik latihan pasif pasif (stretching) sebagai eksperimen dalam penurunan intensitas nyeri sendi. Hasil pengukuran diperoleh bahwa intensitas nyeri lansia pada kelompok kasus sebelum latihan pasif (stretching) pada lutut diperoleh intensitas nyeri ringan sebanyak 1 orang (16,7%), nyeri sedang sebanyak 2 orang (33,3%) dan nyeri berat sebanyak 3 orang (50%). Sedangkan pada kelompok kontrol, yakni nyeri ringan sebanyak 1 orang (16,7%) dan nyeri sedang sebanyak 5 orang (83,3%). Sesudah pemberian latihan pasif (stretching) pada lutut didapatkan pada kelompok kasus selama 7 hari terjadi penurunan intensitas nyeri, yakni tidak ada nyeri sebanyak 1 orang (16,7%), nyeri ringan sebanyak 4 orang (66,6%) dan nyeri sedang sebanyak 1 orang (16,7%). Terdapat pengaruh latihan pasif (stretching) terhadap penurunan nyeri sendi lutut pada lansia di Panti Bina Lanjut Usia Kabupaten Jayapura (p-value = 0,001).Kata kunci : Nyeri Sendi Lutut, Latihan Pasif, Stretching, Lansia
HUBUNGAN ANTARA PENGETAHUAN DAN SIKAP REMAJA PUTRI DALAM PEMELIHARAAN VULVA HYGIENE SAAT MENSTRUASI DI SMA NEGERI 1 SENTANI KABUPATEN JAYAPURA
Authors: Haba Seba , Kismiyati Kismiyati , Patungo Viertianingsih
Published: August 2021

Salah satu perilaku pemeliharaan alat reproduksi wanita adalah dengan melakukan pemeliharaan vulva hygiene. Remaja putri yang berada dalam masa peralihan disertai dengan proses kematangan organ reproduksinya, perlu mendapatkan perhatian khusus. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui hubungan pengetahuan dan sikap remaja putri dalam pemeliharaan vulva hygiene saat menstruasi di SMAN 1 Sentani. Desain penelitian ini adalah analitik observasional menggunakan pendekatan cross sectional. Pengambilan sampel menggunakan teknik purposive sampling dan pengambilan data menggunakan kuesioner. Besar sampel dalam penelitian ini sebanyak 65 orang. Masing- masing variabel diteliti dengan menggunakan uji Statistik Spearman’s dengan tingkat signifikan p < 0,05 untuk mengetahui hubungan dari masing-masing variabel. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan remaja putri yang berpengetahuan baik tentang pemeliharaan vulva hygiene sebanyak 63 responden (96,9%). Sikap remaja putri tentang pemeliharaan vulva hygiene dalam kategori baik sebanyak 46 responden (70,8%). Kemudian diperoleh hasil tentang pemeliharaan vulva hygiene dalam kategori baik sebanyak 46 responden (70,8%). Untuk mengetahui hubungan antara ketiga variabel, digunakan uji statistik Rank Spearman’s. Hasil analisis data tersebut adalah terdapat hubungan antara pengetahuan remaja putri terhadap pemeliharaan vulva hygiene saat menstruasi dibuktikan dengan (p=0,011), dan tidak terdapat hubungan antara sikap remaja putri terhadap pemeliharaan vulva hygiene saat menstruasi dibuktikan dengan (p=0,487).