bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Existence of fixed point for GP(Λ;Θ)-contractive mappings in GP-metric spaces
Authors: Ansari Arslan , Vetro Pasquale , Radenovic Stojan
Published: January 2018

We combine some classes of functions with a notion of hybrid
GP(?,?)-H-F-contractive mapping for establishing some fixed point results in
the setting of GP-metric spaces. An illustrative example supports the new
theory.
Extremes of Gaussian processes with a smooth random trend
Authors: Piterbarg Vladimir , Popivoda Goran , Stamatovic Sinisa
Published: January 2018

Let ?(t), t ? R, be a Gaussian zero mean stationary process, and ?(t) another
random process, smooth enough, being independent of ?(t). We will consider
the process ?(t) + ?(t) such that conditioned on ?(t) it is a Gaussian
process. We want to establish an asymptotic exact result for P (t?[o,T] sup (?(t) + ?(t)) > u), as u ? ?, where T > 0.
Two point trapezoidal like inequalities involving hypergeometric functions
Authors: Awan Muhammad , Noor Muhammad , Mihai Marcela , Noor Khalida
Published: January 2018

In this paper, we derive a new integral identity for differentiable function.
Using this new integral identity as an auxiliary result, we derive some new
two point trapezoidal like inequalities for differentiable harmonic h-convex
functions. These inequalities can also be viewed as Hermite-Hadamard type
inequalities. We also discuss some new special cases which can be deduced
from our main results.
A completion-invariant extension of the concept of quasi C-continuous lattices
Authors: Ruan Xiaojun , Xu Xiaoquan
Published: January 2018

In this paper, the concepts of C-precontinuous posets, quasi C-precontinuous
posets and meet Cprecontinuous posets are introduced. The main results are:
(1) A complete semilattice P is C-precontinuous (resp., quasi
C-precontinuous) if and only if its normal completion is a C-continuous
lattice (resp., quasi C-continuous lattice); (2) A poset is both quasi
C-precontinuous and Frink quasicontinuous if and only if it is generalized
completely continuous; (3) A complete semilattice is meet C-precontinuous if
and only if its normal completion is meet C-continuous; (4) A poset is both
quasi C-precontinuous and meet C-precontinuous if and only if it is
C-precontinuous.
Further generalizations of some operator inequalities involving positive linear map
Authors: Yang Changsen , Yang Chaojun
Published: January 2018

We obtain a generalized conclusion based on an ?-geometric mean inequality.
The conclusion is presented as follows: If m1,M1,m2,M2 are positive real
numbers, 0 < m1 ? A ? M1 and 0 < m2 ? B ? M2 for m1 < M1 and m2 < M2, then
for every unital positive linear map ? and ? ? (0,1], the operator
inequality below holds: (?(?)#??(B))p ? 1/16
{(M1+m1)2((M1+m1)-1(M2+m2))2?)/(m2M2)?(m1M1)1- ?}p ?p(A#?B), p ? 2.
Likewise, we give a second powering of the Diaz-Metcalf type inequality.
Finally, we present p-th powering of some reversed inequalities for n
operators related to Karcher mean and power mean involving positive linear
maps.
The Drazin inverse of the sum of two bounded linear operators and it’s applications
Authors: Wang Hua , Huang Junjie , Chen Alatancang
Published: January 2018

Let P and Q be bounded linear operators on a Banach space. The existence of
the Drazin inverse of P+Q is proved under some assumptions, and the
representations of (P+Q)D are also given. The results recover the cases P2Q
= 0,QPQ = 0 studied by Yang and Liu in [19] for matrices, Q2P = 0; PQP = 0
studied by Cvetkovic and Milovanovic in [7] for operators and P2Q + QPQ =
0, P3Q = 0 studied by Shakoor, Yang and Ali in [16] for matrices. As an
application, we give representations for the Drazin inverse of the operator
matrix A = (ACBD).
Disjoint topological transitivity for cosine operator functions on groups
Authors: Chen Chung-Chuan
Published: January 2018

In this paper, we study finite sequences of operators, generated by the
powers of weighted translations on discrete groups, and give sufficient
conditions for such sequences to be disjoint topologically transitive and
mixing in terms of the group elements and weights. The sequences of
operators are cosine operator functions. Moreover, we also obtain necessary
conditions for cosine operator functions to be disjoint transitive and
mixing.
Nonlinear differential equations arising from Boole numbers and their applications
Authors: Kim Taekyun , Kim Dae
Published: January 2018

In this paper, we study nonlinear differential equations satisfied by the
generating function of Boole numbers. In addition, we derive some explicit
and new interesting identities involving Boole numbers and higher-order
Boole numbers arising from our nonlinear differential equations.
On k-circulant matrices with arithmetic sequence
Authors: Radicic Biljana
Published: January 2018

Let k be a nonzero complex number. In this paper we consider k-circulant
matrices with arithmetic sequence and investigate the eigenvalues,
determinants and Euclidean norms of such matrices. Also, for k = 1, the
inverses of such (invertible) matrices are obtained (in a way different from
the way presented in [1]), and the Moore-Penrose inverses of such (singular)
matrices are derived.
Risk factors associated with open gingival embrasures after orthodontic treatment
Authors: An Sang Su , Choi Yoon Jeong , Kim Ji Young , Chung Chooryung J , Kim Kyung-Ho
Published: January 2018

Objectives:

To investigate the incidence of and contributing factors to open gingival embrasures between the central incisors after orthodontic treatment.

Materials and Methods:

One hundred posttreatment patients (29 men and 71 women; mean age, 24.7 years) were divided retrospectively into occurrence and nonoccurrence groups based on intraoral photographs. Based on the severity, the occurrence group was further divided into mild, moderate, and severe groups. Parameters from periapical radiographs, superimposed lateral cephalograms, and study models were compared between the occurrence and the nonoccurrence groups by using independent t-tests and were also analyzed on the basis of severity via analysis of variance. Logistic regression analysis was performed to identify the contributing factors to open gingival embrasures.

Results:

The incidence of open gingival embrasures between the central incisors was 22% and 36% in the maxilla and the mandible, respectively. Lingual movement of the incisors, distance from the contact point to the alveolar crest after treatment, antero-posterior overlap of the two central incisors before treatment in the maxilla, and distance from the contact point to the alveolar crest after treatment in the mandible were significantly associated with the occurrence of open gingival embrasures (P < .05). In the mandible, the amount of intrusion was significantly related to severity (P < .05).

Conclusions:

The incidence of open gingival embrasures following orthodontic tooth movement is high. Therefore, attention should be paid to the contributing factors to prevent or reduce the occurrence of open gingival embrasures.
Three-dimensional evaluation of maxillary dentoalveolar changes and airway space after distalization in adults
Authors: Park Jae Hyun , Kim Sungkon , Lee Yoon-Jin , Bayome Mohamed , Kook Yoon-Ah , Hong Mihee , Kim Yoonji
Published: January 2018

Objectives:

To evaluate the changes in position of the maxillary dentition and the airway space after distalization using a modified C-palatal plate (MCPP) in adult patients through CBCT images and to analyze the relationship between the amount of distalization and the changes in the airway space.

Materials and Methods:

CBCT images of 33 adult Class II patients (22.2 ± 4.0 years old; 27 women and 6 men) treated by total maxillary arch distalization using the MCPP were evaluated before and after distalization. The patients were divided into nonextraction and extraction groups. The changes in the airway space as well as the changes in the positions of the maxillary dentition were evaluated. The distalization effects were calculated and assessed using paired t-tests.

Results:

After distalization, the first molar showed significant distalization and intrusion (P < .001) with no significant rotation of the crown and no significant buccal displacement of its root in the transverse dimension. There were no significant changes in the airway volume or the minimum cross-sectional area of the oropharynx.

Conclusions:

The application of the MCPP resulted in significant total arch distalization without a significant effect on the transverse dimensions or changes in the oropharynx airway space. The MCPP can be considered a viable treatment option for patients with Class II malocclusion.
Concerning the history of the Chechen Mehk Khel (Council of the Country)
Authors:   Chechen State University, Nataev Saipudi Alvievich
Published: January 2018

The study examines several aspects of self-government institutions in Chechnya in the period of traditional society. The research noted that the Chechen social and political structure was characterized by the specific features and highly developed mountain village and community self-government when federative consolidation was identified. Mehk Khel (Council of the Country) was the supreme body of the Chechen self-government; all Chechen communities (lands) delegated the judicial and executive powers to this body. Analyzing the historical, ethnographic materials, and toponymic data available, the author concluded that all Chechen lands were merged into a single political and legal field by this authority. This study addresses the localization issues of Mehk Khel meetings in different regions of Chechnya. The author’s version of the size of Mehk Khel is presented.
Muslims in the history and culture of Primorsky Krai: problem statement
Authors:   Far Eastern Federal University, Serdyuk Maria Borisovna
Published: January 2018

The study reviews the urgent issue of Muslim history and culture in Primorsky Krai, as the number of Muslims in the region has increased due to labour migration over the past decade. A research of the problem just begins in the Far-East of Russia, because the Muslim congregation is generally a new religious structure for Primorye. All publications related to the theme are observed and analyzed. The study emphasizes the confessional version of history created and spread by Muslim congregations. The author compares the scientific and confessional approaches to the historical studies, detects the historical myths and concludes that the theme should be further researched. The periods of Islam history in Primorsky Krai are proposed by the author, and their specific characteristics are presented. The term ‘new Muslim congregations’ is introduced, and its essence is revealed.
Commercial port of Vladivostok in the system of transport links of the Entente countries in the World War I
Authors: Golovin Sergey Aleksandrovich ,   Blagoveshchensk State  Pedagogical University, Vinogradov Pavel Valentinovich ,   Far East Fire and Rescue Academy,  branch of Saint Petersburg University of  State Fire Service of EMERCOM of Russia
Published: January 2018

Based on the central and regional archive materials, the paper examines the role of the commercial port of Vladivostok in the system of transport links between the Russian Empire and the Entente allies as well as the neutral states during the World War I. With the outbreak of war, Vladivostok has become the most important receiving and processing point for foreign cargo delivered by the allies within military-technical cooperation. Foreign deliveries of weapons and ammunition have become a way to eliminate the armament crisis in the Russian army, and production equipment supplies have been a major factor in the development of the military industry. For these reasons, the Imperial government systematically purchased the material resources abroad. Vladivostok along with Arkhangelsk was a key point in the transport communication system of the Russian Empire and the allied states. The volumes of weapons and strategic resources deliveries to Russia ultimately depended on the level of the port development and its efficiency in the acceptance and handling of goods. Therefore, a set of measures had been taken to develop the port infrastructure, which allowed Vladivostok to become an important element in the system of transport links between the Entente states.
Saratov City Council activities to supply the population with food during the World War I (by a case study of Bulletin of Saratov City Council)
Authors: Piliptsov Ivan Nikolaevich ,   Astrakhan State University
Published: January 2018

The paper discusses the measures adopted by Sara-tov City Council in 1914–1917 to counter the food crisis characterized by the shortage of foodstuff and inflation. The author identifies foodstuffs that have been strongly affected by the crisis (grain and its derivatives (flour and bread), meat, and sugar). It is necessary to divide the concept of supply into intra-urban rationing (distribution of goods in the city) and extra-urban rationing (the delivery of goods to the city). The author emphasized that the extra-urban supply was carried out by the City Council with the assistance of the high-rank officials of a province. The main activities related to the distribution of goods among the residents of Saratov included the introduction of maximum prices of (tariffs on) products through compulsory regulations, food rationing, attempts to create municipal enterprises (bakeries, abattoirs, and dairy farms), the imposition of restrictions on the production of certain goods. The author concludes that the above-mentioned events have had a negative impact on the financial situation of the city.
The education system development and the status of university facilities and resources in the establishment of new Russia (in the 1990s)
Authors:   Moscow Polytechnic University, Meshchangina Elena Ivanovna
Published: January 2018

The study shows the status of the facilities and resources of Russian higher educational institutions in the 1990s. Economic and political transformations in the country changed the budget law. However, the resulting imbalances in the economic support of the education system did not allow it to function properly. The growing budget deficit made universities face many surviving challenges. The availability and features of the educational process did not meet the demands of the individual and the state. The search for economic incentive mechanism was unsuccessful. Failure and delay in funding became the main destabilizing factor for education development. Despite the establishment of the regulatory framework of the budget law, the economic instability continued to persist. Underfunding problems hampered the solution of the educational tasks and led to further destruction of university facilities and resources. The education system required extrabudgetary funding to meet the contemporary development needs of the country.
The Day of Russian Disabled Persons in Poland in the 1920–1930s
Authors:   North Caucasus Branch of  Russian State University of Justice, Mikulenok Aleksandra Andreevna
Published: January 2018

The paper discusses the financial status of the disabled emigrants in Poland; in particular, it reviews the arrangement problems of the Day of Russian Disabled Persons in Poland. The main purpose of this event was to attract the additional funding for Russian disabled emigrants. Moreover, the Day of Russian Disabled Persons had to remind both the emigrants and the citizens of recipient countries of precarious financial and legal situation of emigrants with disabilities. The Day of Russian Disabled Persons was of great importance for disabled emigrants as well as for emigrants as a whole until the beginning of the Second World War. The study is based on the documents from the Prague Archive which is kept in the State Archive of the Russian Federation.
Cryptocurrency as a cultural phenomenon
Authors:   Moscow State Linguistic University, Zaytseva Svetlana Aleksandrovna , Gurtskaya Stella Iraklievna ,   Moscow State Linguistic University
Published: January 2018

The paper proves the validity of studying cryptocurrency as a cultural phenomenon. According to the Fundamentals of State Cultural Policy, culture is a resource of the social and economic development of the country, therefore, examining the economic aspects of the society is of great importance to cultural scientists. The possibility of dealing with cryptocurrency as a cultural element is confirmed by the following statements. Cryptocurrency refers to the economic culture of a society. The cryptocurrency impact is covered in mass media which constitute the cultural institution. In addition, cryptocurrency is consolidated in culture through the specialized exhibitions supported by public cultural agencies. The paper defines the promising trends in researches identifying the capacity of the virtual reality in the field of cultural patterns development. The authors note that studying cryptocurrency as a part of virtual reality will allow one to determine the mechanisms, borders, and technologies of this type of reality.
Liturgical arts in Orthodoxy, Catholicism, and Protestantism (cultural and historical analysis)
Authors:   Belgorod State National Research University, Strakhova Irina Aleksandrovna , Verbina Oksana Viktorovna ,   Belgorod State Institute of  Arts and Culture, Glamazda Svetlana Nikolayevna ,   Belgorod State Institute of Arts and Culture
Published: January 2018

The paper deals with the historical evolution that occurred in the understanding of the sacred meanings of a temple as a cultural event, its interpretation as a cultural and symbolic reality in different Christian denominations. The authors clarify the specific meaning of the Christian temple and liturgical arts as the historical and existentially significant cultural event. It is of great interest to cultural researchers. Such types of liturgical arts as architecture, music, and painting are considered. The research examines the views on the liturgical space of the Christian church in accordance with its evangelical foundations and Old Testament prototypes. The study compares Orthodox, Catholic and Protestant liturgical traditions influencing the liturgical forms of temple art. The paper notes that art in the Christian church is deeply symbolic, and all kinds of liturgical art are inextricably intertwined. It is the temple that determines the proper spiritual understanding of the liturgical art’s meaning by a person.
Historical and linguistic aspects of creating place names as indicators of landscape development (by a case study of Khangalassky Ulus of the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia))
Authors:   North-Eastern Federal University, Khokholova Irena Semenovna , Pestereva Kyunney Aydaarovna ,   North-Eastern Federal University
Published: January 2018

Based on an interdisciplinary approach, the paper examines the historical and linguistic aspects of the emergence of the place names in Central Yakutia of the Russian Federation. The research analyzes place names and landscape vocabulary which provide an overview of the history and development of Khangalassky Ulus of Central Yakutia by different ethnic groups. The authors identify the historical stages influencing the creation of place names: the Middle Ages, the accession of Yakutia to the Russian state, the Soviet and post-Soviet stages. The study reveals the cognitive representation of the landscape development through the language images of space. The authors classify the names of geographical features which are closely related to human activity in the region under review during the Middle Ages (conceptual fields of man and society as well as agricultural activities). The stages of place names development are identified in the shift of dialectical relationship between man and nature to the modern urban approach to the land development associated with the general trend towards globalized and modernized lifestyle of the population.
Some aspects of the news’ impact on stock assessment of issuers
Authors: Charakhchyan Konstantin Karenovich ,   Armavir branch of Kuban State University, Charakchyan Vitaly Konstantinovich ,   Saint Petersburg State University of Economics
Published: January 2018

The study discusses the impact of information on the investor behavior as well as the quotes of individual shares traded on the Moscow Exchange. The authors give a definition of an efficient market and hypothesize when the market may be inefficient in relation to the shares of Gazprom PJSC. The study of the influence of several corporate events shows that the dynamics of stocks of the selected issuer is affected by the decision of the annual general meeting of shareholders as well as the conclusion of the important contracts. At the same time, other types of corporate events like the publication of the annual reports weakly affect the dynamics of Gazprom PJSC share price. Each financial instrument has a unique set of information factors affecting its price dynamics.
Failures in judicial acts: the concept, essence, consequences
Authors:   North Caucasus branch of  Russian University of Justice, Shapovalova Yana Vitalyevna
Published: January 2018

The paper deals with the quality of judicial acts. The laws and regulations do not include the concept of quality of judicial acts. Therefore, there has been discussed the problem of defining such quality criteria of legal acts as completeness, motivation, clarity in the scientific literature. The research examines the notions of failure in a judicial act, shortcoming of a judicial act, incorrect filling in court records. Studying the failures in judicial acts, the author reviews several types of them. The research reveals the failures in their form (non-compliance with the registration of legal acts) and the failures in their content (violation of the unity of their elements; uncertainty, inconsistency, ambiguity of legal acts and, consequently, their impracticability). In addition, the study notes the reasons for failures in judicial acts, their effects and the ways to address them.
Small Bowel Malignancy in Patient with Obscure Gastrointestinal Bleeding in Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital, Diagnosed Using Double Balloon Enteroscopy: A Case Series
Authors: Maulahela Hasan , Fauzi Achmad
Published: January 2018

Small bowel malignancy is still a rare case as a cause of gastrointestinal bleeding. The symptoms of small bowel malignancy are not specific.  One of the symptoms is obscure gastrointestinal bleeding.  Obscure gastrointestinal bleeding (OGIB) is defined as recurrent or persistent gastrointestinal bleeding when the result esophagogastroduodenoscopy and colonic endoscopy is negative. OGIB accounts for approximately 5% of all gastrointestinal bleeding events. Most OGIB events are attributable to small bowel disease. Double-balloon enteroscopy, also known as push-and-pull enteroscopy is an endoscopic technique for visualization of the small bowel. Here we present 5 cases of small bowel tumours in patient with obscure gastrointestinal bleeding who underwent double balloon enteroscopy at Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital, Jakarta, Indonesia. Three patients had confirmed gastrointestinal stromal tumour (GIST) from the histopathology examination, while 2 patients were diagnosed with adenocarcinoma.
Serial Case: Colorectal Malignancy in Young Age
Authors: Sasmithae Lia , Pratomo Bogi
Published: January 2018

Colorectal cancer was the third most common cancer found worldwide. In 2002, colorectal cancer was the 2nd most common cancer in men, while it ranked third among women. Based on Indonesian Ministry of Health data, its prevalence was 1.8 per 100.000 population. We report four cases of colorectal cancer in this case series, and all cases was occured among person aged 28-32 years old. Age was the main relevant risk factors for colorectal cancer in most population. Only 3% of colorectal cancer found in individual aged less than 40 years old. This case series also aimed to show that risk factors was various and changing by the time, but its determinant factors could not be explained yet.
Association Between Degree of Gastritis and Malondialdehyde Level of Gastritis Patients at Adam Malik General Hospital Medan
Authors: Darmadi Darmadi , Siregar Gontar Alamsyah , Dairi Leonardo Basa
Published: January 2018

Background: The main pathogenesis of gastritis is inflammation which process can not be separated from the role of free radicals. Malondialdehyde (MDA) is a free radical biomarker and which increases in gastritis patients. However, studies on MDA were generally performed on experimental animals or examined MDA in gastric mucosa. The aim of this study is to determine the association of histopathological degrees of gastritis (the degree of lymphocyte infiltration, neutrophil activity, atrophy, and intestinal metaplasia) with plasma MDA level.Method: Cross-sectional study of 40 consecutive gastritis patients who came to endoscopic unit of Adam Malik General Hospital Medan, from January to May 2017. Assessment for the severity of chronic inflammation, neutrophil activity, atrophy, and intestinal metaplasia refers to Updated Sydney System. Plasma MDA levels were examined using an HPLC MDA kit. Univariate and bivariate (Chi-square and fisher exact test) analysis were performed with SPSS version 22.Results: A total of 26 patients (65%) were men with an average age of 49.25 years. Lymphocyte infiltration was observed in 100% of specimens, neutrophil infiltration in 37.5%, atrophy in 22.5%, and intestinal metaplasia in 22.5%. There was a significant association between degree of lymphocyte infiltration with MDA level (p = 0.014; PR = 8.667; 95% CI: 1.52-89.52). There was a significant association between degree of neutrophil activity with high MDA level (p = 0.002; PR = 11.33; 95% CI: 2.64-48.74). There was a significant association between degree of atrophy with high level of MDA (p 0.001; PR = 14; 95% CI: 3.4–57.648). There was a significant association between degree of intestinal metaplasia with high MDA level (p = 0.001; PR = 12.5; 95% CI: 3.76-24).Conclusion: There were significant associations between degree of lymphocyte infiltration, neutrophil activity, atrophy, and intestinal metaplasia with high level of MDA.
Correlation of Carcinoma Percentage (CP) in Colorectal Adenocarcinoma with Several Clinical Pathological Aspects in Anatomical Pathology Department Faculty of Medicine Universitas Indonesia/Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital Jakarta in Year 2012-2013
Authors: Sari Elisabeth Indria , Krisnuhoni Ening
Published: January 2018

Background: Colorectal carcinoma is malignant tumour of the large intestinal epithelial, where more than 90% of colorectal carcinoma is adenocarcinoma. Desmoplastic stroma in primary tumour holds an important role in tumour development process. Mesker et al described carcinoma percentage (CP) evaluation in routine preparations with Haematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining as one of the prognostic factors.Method: This retrospective study was performed by collecting forms and slides of colorectal carcinoma resection cases from the archives of Anatomical Pathology Department FMUI-CMGNH in 2 years period (2012-2013). Collection of clinical data and re-evaluation of HE slides by 2 people which were the writer and supervisor were performed to determine CP value by observing the comparison between tumour percentage and desmoplastic stroma.Results: We included 92 cases of colorectal adenocarcinoma within those 2 years period (2012-2013). Comparison of total cases between male and female was 3:2, age 40 years old were the most commonly found; in regard to location in the colon, most were found in the left side compared to the right side of the colon with the ratio of 3:7. Tumour histological grading with good differentiation were the most commonly found and most pT value being found were pT3; most lymph node involvement was N1. The most CP value attained in every parameter was CP-Low.Conclusion: Carcinoma percentage (CP) which was divided as CP-High and CP-Low could be used as a prognostic factor. In this study, we found more cases of CP-Low compared to CP-High, either based on sex, age, location, degree of differentiation, pT value, or even lymph node involvement. CP-Low which showed worse prognosis could also be used as a marker of patients who were at higher risk of colorectal carcinoma.
The Association between Metaplasia and Gastric Malignancy with Helicobater pylori Infection
Authors: Tenggara Riki , Irawan Visakha Revana
Published: January 2018

Background: Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection is the main cause of peptic ulcer disease, gastric mucosa metaplasia, and gastric malignancy. The hypothesis of this study is whether there’s an association between metaplasia and gastric malignancy with H. pylori infection.Method: We conducted a retrospective study on 1.127 dyspepsia subjects who performed endoscopy between 2001 to 2011 at a hospital in North Jakarta. Data is obtained based on endoscopy and histopathology data. Investigation of H. pylori in this study using histopathology examination.Results: Of the 1.127 dyspepsia subjects who performed endoscopy and biopsy, there were 130 (11,54%) H. pylori-positive subjects. Gender proportion was composed of 55,37% men and 44,63% women, with median age was 47 years. On the histopathology examination, we obtained 45 metaplasia subjects with median age of 45 years and 7 malignancy subjects with median age of 64 years. Metaplasia was found in 33 of 997 (3,31%) H. pylori-negative subjects and 12 of 130 (9.23%) H. pylori-positive subjects. All gastric malignancy subjects had H. pylori-negative results.Conclusion: There was an association between metaplasia and H. pylori infection, but no association between gastric malignancy and H. pylori infection.
Hepatitis B Reactivation in Immunosupressed Patients, Prophylaxis and Management
Authors: Kholili Ulfa , Yanti Tri
Published: January 2018

Hepatitis B virus (HBV) reactivation is a clinical problem associated with high morbidity and mortality rates. Currently, this incidence seems to be increasing around the world. The reactivation commonly developes in immunosuppressed individuals, although it may also occur spontaneously. Individuals who develop malignancy with chronic hepatitis B virus infection are at high-risk for hepatitis B virus reactivation, since they are closely related to immunosuppression, especially when undergoing chemotherapy. The loss of immune control in these patients may results in the reactivation of HBV replication within hepatocytes. This review article will focus on HBV reactivation related to immunosuppressed patients, immunosuppressive drug classes and corresponding risk estimates of hepatitis B virus reactivation, screening test recommended before getting this drugs, choice of antiviral drugs for prophylaxis, and duration of prophylaxis treatment based on EASL, AASLD and APASL guidelines.
Evaluation of Resident Confidence Performing Entrustable Professional Activities During the First Year of Residency Training
Authors: Craig Steven , Smith Hayden , Anderson-Suddarth Julie L. , Galioto Nicholas J. , Ganske Corrine M. , Severidt Larry A. , Sidwell Richard A. , Yost William John
Published: January 2018

Background: Entrustable Professional Activities (EPAs) for medical students were designed to help prepare students for the clinical roles of residency training. To date, there have been no published studies examining resident confidence performing the EPAs across the first year of post-graduate training.

Objective: To examine self-reported confidence levels of first-year residents performing the 13 activities included in the Core Entrustable Professional Activities for Entering Residency.

Methods: Entering allopathic and osteopathic residents from seven residency programs were contacted at the start, and after 3, 6, and 12 months of training to complete an electronic survey self-assessing confidence performing EPAs.

Results: All 46 (100%) eligible residents completed surveys at the four study time points for the 13 EPAs, which resulted in 2,392 data points. Residents reported a high level of confidence performing four EPAs (i.e., 1, 5, 6, and 9) at baseline. Conversely, more than two-thirds of residents reported a lack of confidence performing four EPAs (i.e., 4, 8, 12, and 13) at baseline. A significant positive trend in confidence from baseline to 12 months was seen in almost all EPAs. However, more than 10% of residents reported not being confident performing EPAs 12 and 13 at twelve months.

Conclusions: Results revealed not all residents reported being confident performing EPAs at the beginning and end of the first year of training. Medical schools need to examine preparation of graduating students in the EPA areas. Residency programs need to assess entering resident competency to determine the need for increased initial supervision and remediation.

 

Funding/Support: None

Ethical approval: The study received approval from the Human Subjects Committee of UnityPoint Health – Des Moines.

Conflict of Interest: The authors declare they have no competing interests.
Oral Allergy Syndrome
Authors: Muluk Nuray Bayar , Cingi Cemal
Published: January 2018

Objectives

To review oral allergy syndrome (OAS).

Methods

We searched several medical literature data bases with the following key words: “oral allergy syndrome,” “OAS,” “pollen-food allergy syndrome,” “PFAS,” “allergy,” “diagnosis,” “treatment.”

Results

Oral allergy syndrome (OAS), also called “pollen-food allergy syndrome,” is a type of food allergy brought about by flavors, nuts, raw fruit, and vegetables. The most well-known symptoms are mouth and throat itching, which starts rapidly after a food is placed in the mouth, and that, as a rule, continues for just a couple of minutes after the food has been swallowed. The frequency of OAS with pollen allergy has been reported as 5–8%; 1–2% of patients with OAS with pollen allergy show extreme responses, e.g., anaphylaxis. Birch tree pollen, ragweed pollen, and grass pollen hypersensitivity cause the symptoms. The diagnosis of OAS is confirmed by a positive history and positive skin-prick test result triggered by the food's fresh extract. Oral challenge result is normally positive with the raw food and negative with the similar cooked food.

Conclusion

Patients with grass allergy may have a response to peaches, oranges, celery, tomatoes, and melons. Patients with ragweed allergy may show OAS symptoms with melon, cucumber, banana, and zucchini. Physicians should be aware of OAS and know the appropriate treatment.
Management of Odontogenic Cysts by Endonasal Endoscopic Techniques: A Systematic Review and Case Series
Authors: Marino Michael J. , Luong Amber , Yao William C. , Citardi Martin J.
Published: January 2018

Background

Odontogenic cysts and tumors of the maxilla may be amendable to management by endonasal endoscopic techniques, which may reduce the morbidity associated with open procedures and avoid difficult reconstruction.

Objective

To perform a systematic review that evaluates the feasibility and outcomes ofendoscopic techniques in the management of different odontogenic cysts. A case series of our experience with these minimally invasive techniques was assembled for insight into the technical aspects of these procedures.

Methods

The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses was used to identify English-language studies that reported the use of endoscopic techniques in the management of odontogenic cysts. Several medical literature data bases were searched for all occurrences in the title or abstract of the terms “odontogenic” and “endoscopic” between January 1, 1950, and October 1, 2016. Publications were evaluated for the technique used, histopathology, complications, recurrences, and the follow-up period. A case series of patients who presented to a tertiary rhinology clinic and who underwent treatment of odontogenic cysts by an endoscopic technique was included.

Results

A systematic review identified 16 case reports or series that described the use of endoscopic techniques for the treatment of odontogenic cysts, including 45 total patients. Histopathologies encountered were radicular (n = 16) and dentigerous cysts (n = 10), and keratocystic odontogenic tumor (n = 12). There were no reported recurrences or major complications for a mean follow-up of 29 months. A case series of patients in our institution identified seven patients without recurrence for a mean follow-up of 10 months.

Conclusion

Endonasal endoscopic treatment of various odontogenic cysts are described in the literature and are associated with effective treatment of these lesions for an average follow-up period of >2 years. These techniques have the potential to reduce morbidity associated with the resection of these lesions, although comparative studies would better define specific indications.
Role of Group 2 Innate Lymphocytes in Aspirin-exacerbated Respiratory Disease Pathogenesis
Authors: White Andrew A. , Doherty Taylor A.
Published: January 2018

Aspirin-exacerbated respiratory disease (AERD) is characterized by chronic eosinophilic nasal polyps, asthma, and airway reactions upon cyclooxygenase (COX) 1 inhibition. AERD is present in up to 7% of adult patients with asthma and the underlying pathogenesis remains largely elusive but prostaglandin D2, cysteinyl leukotrienes, mast cells, and type 2 cytokines are thought to contribute. A wealth of studies have recently implicated group 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2), a novel lineage-negative lymphocyte population that produces type 2 cytokines, in human allergic disease pathogenesis. Importantly, our recent work identified that ILC2s are recruited to the nasal mucosa of patients on AERD after COX-1 inhibitor administration. Here, we review the potential impact of ILC2s in the development and propagation of type 2 inflammation in AERD.
GABRIEL GARCÍA MÁRQUEZ’S USE OF NARRATIVE AND LITERATURE TO PORTRAY HUMAN SEXUAL BEHAVIOUR
Authors: Manyarara Barbara C.
Published: January 2018

Critical examinations of sexualities in Gabriel García Márquez’s work have often been  metaphoric  in  nature  and  intended  to  highlight  the  experience  of colonial oppression and other embedded postcolonial experiences. The current article refers to five selected works to situate García Márquez’s work in lived experience as opposed to allegory. The focus is on the concrete realities of such key issues as prostitution and the commercial sexual exploitation of children. The representations of specific sexual practices in their  social  contexts  and drawn from the five novels discussed clarify this aspect of García Márquez’s work, an aspect that has been largely silenced. The article examines previously unremarked-upon concerns such  as  brothel  life,  legal  issues  versus  social practice, the link between labour and capital, child commercial sexual exploitation  (including  by  women),  the  lack  of  social  safety  nets,  ‘risky’ sex  and  sexually transmitted infections and the absence of serious reflection on HIV and AIDS. The reflections on prostitution and child exploitation are placed at the core of the present analysis to counteract the more recent common dismissal of some of García Márquez’s works as pornographic. Through a vigorous analysis of the selected works, the article offers a complex and shifting take on the traditional views of García Márquez’s apparent championing of sexual freedom.
DOUBLE CONSCIOUSNESS IN BELL HOOKS' BONE BLACK
Authors: Lento Mzukisi J.
Published: January 2018

This  article  investigates  the  shifts  in  the  concept  of  double  consciousness  as  depicted  in  bell  hooks’ Bone  black  (1996).  According  to  du  bois,  the  idea  of  ‘double consciousness’ refers to being both black and American. In du boisian understanding, double consciousness refers to a condition of being black and American in which ‘one ever feels his two-ness – an American, a Negro; two souls,  two  thoughts,  two  unreconciled  strivings’  (du  bois  1989,  5).  Bell  hooks  agrees  with  this  view  but  she  also  revises  the  concept  in  order  to  take  on  board the fact that black women have other experiences in addition to double consciousness in America (hooks 1996).
THE PROPAGANDA MODEL AND THE MEDIATION OF THE LAND QUESTION IN ZIMBABWE
Authors: Choto Isaac
Published: January 2018

This article critiques the mediation of the Zimbabwean land reform programme in the period 2000â€“2010 by both the state-controlled and the privately-owned press. Its thrust is to establish the framing patterns that emerge and relate these to Herman and Chomskyâ€™s Propaganda Model. The bold claim by Herman and Chomsky that the media, particularly in the West, pander to the whims of the powerful political and pro-capital elites is explored. Using a qualitative case study approach, data for this study were collected from four Zimbabwean Weeklies, namely The Sunday News and The Sunday Mail, which are stateowned, and The Independent and The Standard, which are privately-owned. News stories on the land reform programme drawn from these weeklies over the 10 year focus period are analysed with the view to ascertaining the tenability of the Propaganda Model. Using the tenets of the Propaganda Model and critical discourse analysis, the study exposes the polemical representations of the land issue by the press. The emerging polemics are attributed to the overbearing influence of ideology, ownership, corporate pro-capital interests and biased source selection. However, the tripartite alliance which the propaganda model claims as existing among government, capitalists and media owners comes unstuck in the Zimbabwean media-scape. There is evidently a fractious relationship between state media and private media in Zimbabwe. The political and economic contestation of power in the nation manifests in the press. It is quite clear from the findings of this study that there is still need for a model that comprehensively attempts to capture the role of the press and its place in Africa.
IN SEARCH OF DESIRED SELVES: CONSTRUCTIONS OF SELF-IDENTITIES IN BARACK OBAMA'S DREAMS FROM MY FATHER AND NELSON MANDELAS LONG WALK TO FREEDOM
Authors: Mwapangidza Solomon
Published: January 2018

In  this  article    I  use  barack  obama’s  Dreams  from  my  father:  a  story  of  race  and  inheritance  (hereafter  to  be  referred  to  as  Dreams  from  my  father)and Nelson Mandela’s Long walk to freedom to demonstrate hall’s (1996, 4) view that identities are about  ‘... using the resources of history, language and culture in the process of becoming rather than being,’ meaning to say that they are not a fixed essence, but a process, always being constructed and deconstructed in response to the cultural and historical circumstances in which the subject finds himself. this theory rejects the claim that a life narrative is an uncontaminated story  of  one’s  personal  history  and  life.  I  argue  that  obama’s  and  Mandela’s  identities  take  shape  in  response  to  the  challenges  of  the  duo’s  respective  cultures  and  societies.  both  men  deploy  narrative  towards  political  ends:  obama uses it to resolve questions of his origins as well as to launch his political career while Mandela uses it mainly to justify and uphold already existing but seemingly contradictory public images of himself as a militant revolutionary and peacemaker.
VOICES FROM THE WILDERNESS: ZIMBABWEAN DIASPORA LITERATURE AN EMERGING CATEGORY
Authors: Bachisi Ivan , Manyarara Barbara C.
Published: January 2018

This article draws attention to the existence and emergence of a body of fictional works  produced on Zimbabwe’s Diaspora between the years from 2000 to 2014.  It is the contention  of the article that these literary works represent an emerging category within the general  canon  of  Zimbabwean  literature  called  Zimbabwean  Diaspora  literature.  Through  the  application of existing conceptual and theoretical frameworks based on key characteristics  of  diasporic  writings,  the  article  concludes  that  Zimbabwean  Diaspora  literature  is  in  its   embryonic  stage  of  development  since  it  typically  exhibits  not  only  the  common  features   attributed to diasporic writings, but it also possess the characteristic features often ascribed  to  a  young  diaspora. The  article  does  not  attempt  to  offer  a  rule  of  thumb  definition  of  Zimbabwean Diaspora literature, for the simple reasons that Zimbabwean Diaspora literature  is  still  very  much  in  its  infancy;  it  is  a  canon  of  literary  works  still  growing  steadily;  still  establishing its form, message, primary ideologies and identities. Thus, to offer a prescriptive  or restrictive label to define the discourse is subjective and premature.  It would be a travesty  against the artistic enterprise as it only serves to stifle the creative imagination of the artist  and  to  curtail  the  objective  insights  of  the  literary  critic.  In  essence,  therefore,  the  article  seeks to draw attention to, rather than limit understanding of, this literary discourse called  Zimbabwean Diaspora literature. However, there are features and characteristics exhibited  by said literary discourse which have guided and informed the understanding of the article  as to what constitutes Zimbabwean Diaspora literature.
THE DIALOGUE OF THE DEAF: EXPLORING TEXTUAL SILENCE IN STEPHEN CHIFUNYISE'S PLAY, INTIMATE AFFAIRS
Authors: Vhutuza Ephraim
Published: January 2018

This article examines Stephen Chifunyise’s calculated focus on the domestic spaces – the family, personal relationships and the psycho-sexual dilemmas at the expense of the wider national socio-economic and political context during a period in Zimbabwe that has come to be known as the “decade of crisis”. Ignoring a plethora of social, economic and political challenges such as the collapse of a welfarist state, unprecedented inflation, political violence,sycophancy and corruption among others, the dramatist chooses to focus solely on the contradictions within the home and the family. The central question with which the article grapples is the ideological motivation behind this deliberate focus by the dramatist. Using Wall’s (1989) theory of the dialogue of the deaf in conjunction with Macherey’s (1978) theory of the “unsaid” in a text, the article argues that despite the author’s calculated omission or silence on the socio-economic and political realities, the average intelligent reader is not only able to read into the dramatist’s ideological position and motive but also the ugly reality that he is trying to cover up or hide from the reader.
AN ANALYSIS OF THE PORTRAYAL OF WOMEN IN GABRIEL GARCIA MARQUEZ'S STRANGE PILGRIMS
Authors: Muganiwa Josephine
Published: January 2018

This article analyses the portrayal of women by Gabriel Garcia Marquez (1927–2014) in his collection of short stories, Strange pilgrims (1992) . It consists of 12 stories and offers a variety of women in various roles.This helps to answer the question on whether Marquez is sympathetic towards women (housewives, prostitutes, clerks and fortune tellers to name a few). Does he dismiss them as victims? Are they villains? Are the women actively involved in influencing the course of their lives? How representative are they of the Latin American character?