bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Preparation and X‐Ray structural analysis of the remarkably stable Bis(triphenylmethyl)trisulfane‐2‐oxide R2S3O
Authors: Pridöhl Markus , Steudel Ralf , Buschmann Jürgen , Luger Peter
Published: January 2005

Triphenylmethylthiol reacts with thionylchloride in the presence of amines to give [(C6H5)3CS]2SO which crystallizes with one mole of CS2 in the triclinic space group P1 with a = 1 193.4(4), b = 1 266.8(5), c = 1 421.6(7) pm, α = 63.79(2)°, β = 65.25(2)°, γ = 63.18(2)°, π = 1.354 g cm−3 at −80°C. The R2S3O molecules are of C1 symmetry containing an almost planar CSSSC backbone with dss = 212.7(1) and 211.4(1) pm, dcs = 188.0(2) and 188.2(2) pm, dso = 146.9(1) pm, αSSS = 83.8°, αSSO = 112.0° and 112.2°, τCSSS = 160.7° and −172.3°.
Darstellung, Kristallstruktur und Eigenschaften von Kaliumhydrogencyanamid
Authors: Schnick W. , Huppertz H.
Published: January 2005

Zur Darstellung von KHCN2 wurde Melamin mit Kaliumamid in flüssigem Ammoniak umgesetzt und der nach Verdampfen des Lösungsmittels verbleibende Feststoff bei 210°C zur Reaktion gebracht. KHCN2 (P212121, a = 708,7(2), b = 909,0(2), c = 901,4(2) pm, Z = 8, R = 0,039, wR = 0,016) entsteht dabei grobkristallin. Im Festkörper findet man K+ – und HCN‐Ionen. Erwartungsgemäß liegen zwei signifikant unterschiedliche Bindungslängen CN (117,3(5) pm) und HNC (128,7(5) pm) im Anion vor. In Übereinstimmung mit IR‐spektroskopischen Befunden ist die Gruppierung NCN nicht linear (174,4(4)°).
Zur Thermochemie und Struktur von Berylliumchlorid
Authors: Spundflasche E. , Fink H. , Seifert H. J.
Published: January 2005

BeCl2 ist dimorph, die Umwandlungstemperatur liegt bei 405°C. Aus lösungskalorimetrischen Messungen ergibt sich als Differenz der Lösungsenthalpien eine Umwandlungsenthalpie von ΔUH° = 2,9 kJmol−1 und eine Umwandlungsentropie ΔUS298° = 9,7 JK−1 mol−1.

Die bislang bekannte Struktur im SiS2‐Typ ist die der Hochtemperaturphase. Die Struktur von bei Raumtemperatur stabilem T‐BeCl2 wurde aus Einkristalldaten bestimmt. a = 1 062,4(6) pm, c = 1 804(2) pm, I41/acd, Z = 32, R = 0,038 (Mg(NH2)2‐Typ). Es liegen (Be4Cl6Cl4/2)‐Einheiten vor, die dem Bauprinzip von P4O10 entsprechen, aber über ihre terminalen Chlorid‐Ionen verknüpft sind.
[{Cp(CO)3Mo}4In4(PSiMe3)4], Ein metallorganisch substituiertes In4P4‐Heterokuban
Authors: App Urban , Merzweiler Kurt
Published: January 2005

[{Cp(CO)3Mo}InCl2] reagiert mit P(SiMe3)3 in THF als Lösungsmittel zu [{Cp(CO)3Mo}4In4(PSiMe3)4] 1. 1 kristallisiert in der Raumgruppe P1 mit den Gitterkonstanten (bei 208 K): a = 1 770,1(6), b = 1 490,3(6), c = 1 317,5(6) pm, α = 76,59(4), β = 88,54(3), γ = 88,98(3)°. Nach dem Ergebnis der Röntgenstrukturanalyse enthält 1 ein leicht verzerrtes In4P4‐Heterokubangerüst mit einer alternierenden Anordnung von In‐ und P‐Atomen. Die Indiumatome sind etwa tetraedrisch von drei PSiMe3‐Gruppen (In–P: 256,9(3)–262,3(3) pm) und einem exocyclischen {Cp(CO)3Mo}‐Rest (In–Mo: 278,0(2)–279,5(3) pm) umgeben.
Synthesis, characterization, and structural investigation of New η5‐Cyclopentadienylbis‐8‐hydroxyquinolinatometal(IV) Complexes
Authors: Demakopoulos I. , Klouras N. , Raptopoulou C. P. , Terzis A.
Published: January 2005

By the interaction of M(η5‐C5H4R)2Cl2 (M = Zr, Hf; R = H, Me, SiMe3) and 8‐hydroxyquinoline (oxH) or 5‐chloro‐8‐hydroxyquinoline (ox′H) in dichloromethane solution at 20°C, the compounds M(η5‐C5H4R)Clox2 and M(η5‐C5H4R)Clox2′ were prepared respectively. A similar reaction of Ti(η5‐C5H5)Cl3 with ox′H in acetonitrile solution gave Ti(η5‐C5H5)Clox2′. All complexes were characterized by elemental microanalysis and by IR and 1H NMR spectroscopy. X‐ray analysis of M(η5‐C5H5R)Clox2′ (M = Ti, Hf) shows that these molecules may be described in terms of stereochemistry of eight‐coordination approximating dodecahedral geometry more closely than octahedral geometry. With respect to octahedral coordination, the nitrogen atoms lie in a cis‐configuration and the oxygen atoms in a trans‐configuration. Dichloromethane molecules co‐crystallize with the hafnium complex and occupy a position on the 2‐fold axis. The structural results are compared with those in related compounds.
Sulfur‐Selenium Chelates: Crystal structure of the first titanocene derivative Ti(η5‐C5H5)2SSe4
Authors: Raptopoulou C. P. , Terzis A. , Tzavellas N. , Klouras N.
Published: January 2005

The crystal structure of bis(η5‐cyclopentadienyl)titana(TiIV)‐thiacyclohexaselenane, Ti(η5‐C5H5)2SSe4 (1), has been determined by X‐ray diffraction data. (1) crystallizes in the monoclinic space group P21/c with four formula units in the unit cell. The cell dimensions are a = 13.179, b = 8.087, c = 14.447 Å, β = 114.857°. The six‐membered heterocycle TiSSe4 has the expected chair conformation. In the chelate ring the Ti atom is S‐ and Se‐bonded. The geometry of (1) corresponds closely to that of Ti(→5‐C5H5)2Se5.
Structural Studies on Dimethyltin(IV) Carboxylates
Authors: Mistry F. , Rettig S. J. , Trotter J. , Aubke F.
Published: January 2005

In order to correlate 119Sn Mössbauer parameters and structural data for dimethyltin(IV) derivatives, the molecular structures of bis(acetato)dimethyltin(IV) and bis(trifluoroacetato)dimethyltin(IV) were determined by single crystal X‐ray diffration. Crystals of Me2Sn(OOCCH3)2 are monoclinic, a = 26.282(4), b = 5.282(1), c = 14.434(3) Å, β = 101.17(2)°, Z = 8, space group C2/c, and those of [Me2Sn(OOCCF3)2]n are monoclinic, a = 8.444(1), b = 17.689(1), c = 15.368(1) Å, β = 93.013(9)°, Z = 8, space group Cc. The structures were solved by the Patterson method and were refined by full‐matrix least‐squares procedures to R = 0.025 and 0.027 (Rw = 0.023 and 0.030) for 2 298 and 4 182 reflections with I ≥ 3σ(F2), respectively.
Reaktionen subvalenter Verbindungen des Siliciums mit Stickstoffheterocyclen
Authors: Huppmann F. , Rudolph St. , Herbst‐Irmer R. , Meller A.
Published: January 2005

Subvalente Siliciumverbindungen wurden aus Dichlorbis(diethylamino)silan mit Na/K‐Legierung in Hexan/DME hergestellt, wobei die Lösungen Pyridin, 4,4′‐Bipyridin, Indol, Chinolin, Lepidin, Isochinolin, Mono‐, Di‐ oder Trimethylpyridine, N‐Methylindol oder Benzofuran enthielten. Aus den Reaktionsgemischen konnten Produkte isoliert werden, die entweder durch Einschiebung einer Si(NEt2)2‐Einheit (i) in die CH‐Bindung von Methylgruppen Silane des Typs RSi(NEt2)2H bilden (mit N‐Methylindol, sym‐Collidin), (ii) in eine CN‐Bindung des Heterocyclus, den aromatischen Sechsring um eine Einheit erweitern und Silazepine bilden, oder (iii) durch Addition einer ClSi(NEt2)2‐Einheit an das Stickstoffatom des Heteroaromaten, wobei 1,4‐Dihydro(chlorsilyl)pyridine gebildet werden. In den Silazepinen erfolgt die Substitution durch Lithium und Reaktion mit Trialkylsilanen an einer der CH‐ bzw. CH2‐Gruppen des Ringes. Die meisten der Verbindungen wurden durch Elementaranalyse, NMR (1H, 13C, 29Si) und Massenspektren charakterisiert, einige durch Hochauflösungs‐MS und (oder) charakteristische Signale in ihren NMR‐Spektren identifiziert. Von V und XX wurden Röntgenstrukturanalysen angefertigt.
Synthetic, spectroscopic, and structural Studies on Lanthanide Complexes of Diphosphazane Dioxide Ligands
Authors: Aparna Kasani , Krishnamurthy Setharampattu S. , Nethaji Munirathinam
Published: January 2005

Lanthanide nitrate complexes of diphosphazane dioxides Ph2P(O)N(Pri)P(O)Ph2 (1) and (PhO)2P(O)N(Me)P(O)(OPh)2 (2) have been synthesised and studied by conductometry, IR, multinuclear NMR spectroscopic methods and X‐ray diffraction. Ligand 2 is accessible by two different methods, viz., by direct oxidation of the phosp(III)azane ligand or by starting from phosph(V)azane chloro precursor. The structure of 2 is confirmed by X‐ray diffraction. Crystallographic data for 2: Triclinic, Space group P1, a = 10.078(1), b = 10.575(3), c = 12.364(4) Å, α = 75.70(2)°, α = 75.56(1)°, γ = 77.68(1)°, Z = 2, V = 1 220 Å3; structure refined to RF = 0.0459 on 3 495 data with F > 3σ(F). The diphosphazane dioxide ligand exhibits trans geometry in the solid state. The structure of a lanthanide complex, [Pr(NO3)3(2)2] (14) is also determined by X‐ray diffraction. Crystallographic data for 14: Trigonal, Space group P32, a = b = 15.710(2), c = 40.067(2) Å, Z = 6, V = 8 564 Å3; structure refined to RF = 0.0430 on 8 077 data with F > 5σ(F). The two diphosphazane dioxide ligands and the nitrate groups are coordinated to praseodymium in a bidentate chelate fashion. The geometry around the ten coordinated metal is distorted bicapped square antiprism.
A novel mononuclear gold(I) complex: Synthesis and x‐ray structure of [Au{P(C6H5)3}3][SiF5] · 1.5 CH2Cl2
Authors: Olbrich Falk , Lagow Richard J.
Published: January 2005

Tris(triphenylphosphine)gold(I)‐pentafluorosilicate(IV) ([Au{P(C6H5)3}3][SiF5]) was prepared and the structure was determined by single crystal x‐ray diffraction. The complex crystallizes in the triclinic space group P1 (No. 2). The lattice constants are a = 14.634(2) Å, b = 17.180(2) Å, c = 22.212(3) Å, α = 86.48(1)°, β = 78.95(1)°, γ = 83.99(1)°. Number of molecules per cell: Z = 4. The gold atoms are coordinated to three triphenylphosphine ligands to form the trigonal planar cation [Au{P(C6H5)3}3]+. Separated from the cation is the [SiF5]− anion which is regular trigonal bipyramidal coordinated. No interactions between the fluorine atoms and the gold atoms were observed.
Synthesis and structural characterization of [PhE(BNMe2)2]2 (E = P or As): Six‐Membered P2B4 and As2B4 Rings with Unusual Structures
Authors: Moezzi Afarin , Olmstead Marylin M. , Pestana Doris C. , Power Philip P.
Published: January 2005

The reaction of either Li2PPh or Li2AsPh with the diborane(4) derivative B2(NMe2)2Br2 affords the compounds [PhP(BNMe2)2]2 (1) or [PhAs(BNMe2)2]2 (2) in good yield. Both 1 and 2 have cyclic structures featuring non‐planar P2B4 or As2B4 six‐membered rings which have chair configurations. Although all four borons in each ring have planar coordination, the two phosphorus or arsenic centers have different degrees of pyramidalization. Bond distances within the rings indicate that the BB, BP or BAs bonds are single, whereas the exo‐BN bond lengths are consistent with significant π‐bonding. The ring structures of 1 and 2 are in sharp contrast to the related boron‐nitrogen species (t‐BuN)2N4Me4 which has a nido‐N2B4 framework. The attempted synthesis of the nitrogen analogue of 1 or 2 by using a similar approach did not result in the isolation of [PhN(BNMe2)2]2, instead the tetramino diborane(4) species [B(NMe2)NHPh]2 (3), which has a structure similar to other tetramine diborane(4) compounds, was isolated.
Phosphaniminato‐Komplexe von Mangan(II) und Nickel(II) mit Heterocubanstruktur. Die Kristallstrukturen von [MCl(NPEt3)]4 mit M = Mn und Ni
Authors: Mai H.‐J. , Kang H.‐C. , Wocadlo S. , Massa W. , Dehnicke K.
Published: January 2005

Die Phosphaniminato‐Komplexe [MCl(NPEt3)]4 mit M = Mangan und Nickel sowie [MnBr(NPEt3)]4 entstehen durch Schmelzreaktion aus den wasserfreien Halogeniden MX2 und überschüssigem Phosphanimin Me3SiNPEt3. Sie bilden paramagnetische, feuchtigkeitsempfindliche, orange (M = Mn) bzw. türkisgrüne (M = Ni) Kristalle, die wir IR‐spektroskopisch und durch Kristallstrukturanalysen charakterisiert haben. [MnCl(NPEt3)]4 (1): Raumgruppe C2/c, Z = 4, Strukturlösung mit 3 591 unabhängigen Reflexen, (2811 > 2σ(I)) R = 0,036. Gitterkonstanten bei −50°C: a = 2104,3; b = 1100,6; c = 1966,5 pm, β = 115,87°.

[NiCl(NPEt3)]4 (2): Raumgruppe C2/c, Z = 4, Strukturlösung mit 2 771 unabhängigen Reflexen, (1 611 > 2σ(I)) R = 0,056. Gitterkonstanten bei −50°C: a = 2051,6; b = 1 099,2; c = 1954,6 pm, β = 115,80°.

1 und 2 sind miteinander isotyp. Sie bilden Heterocuban‐Strukturen, in denen die Metallatome über μ3‐N‐Brücken der Phosphaniminato‐Gruppen verknüpft sind mit M4N4‐Brückenbindungswinkeln nahe bei 90°.
Zur Struktur des Chromtetrafluorids
Authors: Krämer O. , Müller B. G.
Published: January 2005

Durch Druckfluorierung von elementarem Chrom mit einem HF/F2‐Gemisch unter Solvothermalbedingungen gelang es erstmals, CrF4 in Form zur Strukturbestimmung geeigneter Einkristalle darzustellen. Das violette bis amethystfarbene, häufig nadelförmige Chromtetrafluorid kristallisiert tetragonal in der Raumgruppe P42/mnm‐D4h14 (Nr. 136) mit a = 829,6(1) pm, c = 373,7(1) pm, Z = 4 und ist vom Aufbau her dem NbOCl3‐Typ eng verwandt [1].
Context and process: An ecological view of the interdependence of practice and research
Authors: Kelly James G.
Published: January 2005

Conclusion

The future for the field of community psychology is promising as we visualize that our key resources are citizens, colleagues in pyschology, and those persons in the social sciences who share a commitment to collaborative research.

An antidote for coping with the regal quality of our scientific heritage and the discomfort about not being able to reduce the barriers between research and practice is to develop an investigative style that makes inquiry not just a right or privilege but makes community research a genuinely collaborative process. Without such collaboration our ideas run the risk of being sterile and our impact puny and shallow. With such collaboration researchers and citizens have the opportunity to generate a style of work that will contribute to our own personal development and to the evolution of our social setings.

As a distinct bonus we can construct a philosophy for our work that is truly democratic — where research and practice are integrated by a process of conjoint ownership. In this sense, the interdependence of research and practice can be realized: for the science, for the profession, and for the citizens of community psychology.
Using drones equipped with thermal cameras to locate and count quail individuals and coveys: A case study using Northern Bobwhite Colinus virginianus in Mississippi, USA
Authors: Lappin Olivia , Elmore Jared A. , Jones Landon R. , Schultz Emma A. , Iglay Raymond B. , McConnell Mark D.
Published: February 2024

The presence and abundance of Northern Bobwhite Colinus virginianus often relies on imprecise methods (e.g. fall covey counts), which can lead to inaccurate estimates resulting in poor management practices.

Drones equipped with thermal sensors have proven beneficial for monitoring wildlife but still require sufficient field validation regarding precision. We tested the application of thermal drones for locating and counting Northern Bobwhite in Mississippi, USA.

We conducted flights over known locations of Northern Bobwhite representing three individual, radio‐marked birds during the breeding season and seven covey locations during the wintering season shortly after dusk. Individuals and coveys were located in 67% and 86% of flights, respectively. In some scenarios, bobwhite could be seen from altitudes of 120 m because heat signatures of multiple individuals grouped together in the covey provided an easily recognisable feature, in contrast to individual birds alone.

Counts were accurate for two coveys and underestimated remaining coveys, because individual birds were sometimes visually obstructed from above. The small body size of bobwhite results in few pixels in thermal images and depends on ground sampling distance as a function of flight altitude.

Our flights were tested at known vicinities of bobwhite locations, yet our method shows promise for locating unknown coveys as well. Future systematic methods may benefit from automated image recognition using computer vision and machine learning to improve count accuracy and save time, costs and labor.
CD11c+ B cells in relapsing–remitting multiple sclerosis and effects of anti‐CD20 therapy
Authors: El Mahdaoui Sahla , Hansen Marie Mathilde , von Essen Marina Rode , Hvalkof Victoria Hyslop , Holm Hansen Rikke , Mahler Mie Reith , Jennum Poul , Sellebjerg Finn , Romme Christensen Jeppe
Published: February 2024

Objectives

B cells are important in the pathogenesis of multiple sclerosis. It is yet unknown which subsets may be involved, but atypical B cells have been proposed as mediators of autoimmunity. In this study, we investigated differences in B‐cell subsets between controls and patients with untreated and anti‐CD20‐treated multiple sclerosis.

Methods

We recruited 155 participants for an exploratory cohort comprising peripheral blood and cerebrospinal fluid, and a validation cohort comprising peripheral blood. Flow cytometry was used to characterize B‐cell phenotypes and effector functions of CD11c+ atypical B cells.

Results

There were no differences in circulating B cells between controls and untreated multiple sclerosis. As expected, anti‐CD20‐treated patients had a markedly lower B‐cell count. Of B cells remaining after treatment, we observed higher proportions of CD11c+ B cells and plasmablasts. CD11c+ B cells were expanded in cerebrospinal fluid compared to peripheral blood in controls and untreated multiple sclerosis. Surprisingly, the proportion of CD11c+ cerebrospinal fluid B cells was higher in controls and after anti‐CD20 therapy than in untreated multiple sclerosis. Apart from the presence of plasmablasts, the cerebrospinal fluid B‐cell composition after anti‐CD20 therapy resembled that of controls. CD11c+ B cells demonstrated a high potential for both proinflammatory and regulatory cytokine production.

Interpretation

The study demonstrates that CD11c+ B cells and plasmablasts are less efficiently depleted by anti‐CD20 therapy, and that CD11c+ B cells comprise a phenotypically and functionally distinct, albeit heterogenous, B‐cell subset with the capacity of exerting both proinflammatory and regulatory functions.
Fuzzy adaptive containment control for fractional‐order heterogeneous nonlinear multi‐agent systems with mixed time‐varying delays
Authors: Xia Zhile
Published: February 2024

This study investigates the issue of containment control (CC) of multi‐agent systems (MASs) that are heterogeneous, nonlinear, and fractional‐order while taking practical scenarios into account, such as uncertainties, unknown nonlinearities, time‐varying state delays, and distributed time‐varying delays. A fully distributed adaptive observer is created for each follower in accordance with the communication topology information among agents. This observer is designed to estimate the convex combination information of the leaders. The approach utilizes interval type‐2 fuzzy set theory and adaptive methods to design a distributed containment control strategy that only uses the self‐information of the followers and neighbor nodes' information. Sufficient conditions for implementing containment control are given. A new Lyapunov‐Krasovskii functional (LKF) is constructed, and the stability of the system with feedback loop is proven using fractional‐order theory and inequality methods. Lastly, a simulation example is presented to illustrate the efficacy of the proposed approach.
Statistical Copolymerization‐Induced Self‐Assembly (stat‐PISA) for Colloidal Hydrogels
Authors: Zhu Ruixue , Zheng Yinan , Zhang Qingzhou , Yu Chunyang , Zhang Zhijun , Huo Meng
Published: February 2024

Despite recent advances in colloidal hydrogels, designing general and robust strategies that enable the controlled fabrication of colloidal hydrogels with strong mechanical properties still proves challenging. Herein, the statistical copolymerization‐induced self‐assembly (stat‐PISA) of monomers with hydrogen bonding ability is developed as a general strategy for colloidal hydrogels with high stretchability, anti‐swelling, and self‐healing abilities. This concept is first verified by the statistical dispersion copolymerization of acrylic acid and diacetone acrylamide, yielding statistical copolymer colloidal particles that further coalesced into a 3D colloidal network due to the hydrogen bonding interactions and hydrophobic microdomains on the colloidal surface. Both the microstructure and the mechanical properties of the colloidal hydrogels can be readily regulated by varying the stat‐PISA formulation. Besides, the colloidal hydrogel is developed as a selective dye adsorbent, with excellent selectivity for positively charged dyes. Due to its anti‐swelling property, the colloidal hydrogel is evaluated as a flexible strain sensor for motion detection underwater. The broad feasibility of this strategy is demonstrated by three additional stat‐PISA formulations, which all yielded colloidal hydrogels with good mechanical properties. This strategy is anticipated to inspire the design of colloidal hydrogels with robust mechanics and tailor‐made functionality, and broaden the potential applications of colloidal hydrogels.
Ultrasmall Nanoparticles Regulate Immune Microenvironment by Activating IL‐33/ST2 to Alleviate Renal Ischemia‐Reperfusion Injury
Authors: Xu Liyao , Xing Zhaoyu , Yuan Jiaxin , Han Yaobao , Jiang Zhilin , Han Mengxiao , Hou Xianao , Xing Wei , Li Zhen
Published: February 2024

Renal ischemia‐reperfusion injury (IRI) is a common disease with high morbidity and mortality. Renal IRI can cause the disorder of immune microenvironment and reprograming the immune microenvironment to alleviate excessive inflammatory response is crucial for its treatment. Cytokine IL‐33 can improve the immune inflammatory microenvironment by modulating both innate and adaptive immune cells, and serve as an important target for modulating immune microenvironment of renal IRI. Herein, we report that bilobetin‐functionalized ultrasmall Cu2−xSe nanoparticles (i.e., CSPB NPs) can activate the PKA/p‐CREB/IL‐33/ST2 signaling pathway to regulate innate and adaptive immune cells for reprograming the immune microenvironment of IRI‐induced acute kidney injury. The biocompatible CSPB NPs can promote the polarization of M1‐like macrophages into M2‐like macrophages, and the expansion of ILC2 and Treg cells by activating IL‐33/ST2 to modulate the excessive immune inflammatory response of renal IRI. More importantly, they can rapidly accumulate at the injured kidney to significantly alleviate IRI. This work demonstrates that modulating the expression of cytokines to reprogram immune microenvironment has great potential in the treatment of renal IRI and other ischemic diseases.
Multifunctional Cu2Se/F127 Hydrogel with SOD‐Like Enzyme Activity for Efficient Wound Healing
Authors: He Jia , Zhang Wei , Cui Yuyu , Cheng Liang , Chen Xu‐Lin , Wang Xianwen
Published: February 2024

Free radicals are secreted following skin damage and cause oxidative stress and inflammatory reactions that increase the difficulty of wound healing. In this study, copper‐based nanozyme Cu2Se nanosheets (NSs) are synthesized by an anion‐exchange strategy and apply to wounds with F127 hydrogels to investigate the healing effect of this nanozyme composite hydrogels on wounds. Cu2Se NSs have a large number of catalytically active centers, are simple to synthesize, require few reaction conditions and have a short synthesis cycle. In vitro experiments have shown that Cu2Se NSs possess superoxide dismutase (SOD)‐like activity and nitrogen radical scavenging activity and promote angiogenesis and fibroblast migration. The doping of Cu2Se NSs into the F127 hydrogel does not have a significantly affect on the properties of the hydrogel. This hybridized hydrogel not only adapts to the irregular and complex morphology of acute wounds but also prolongs the duration of nanozyme action on the wound, thus promoting wound healing. Transcriptomic analysis further reveals the potential therapeutic mechanism of the Cu2Se/F127 hydrogel in promoting acute wound healing. Animal experiments have shown that the Cu2Se/F127 hydrogel has good biosafety. The Cu2Se/F127 hydrogel provides an innovative idea for the development of hydrogel dressings for the treatment of acute wounds.
Sub‐Second Long Lifetime Triplet Exciton Reservoir for Highly Efficient and Stable Organic Light‐Emitting Diode
Authors: Tang Zhenyu , Lyu Fang , Gu Jiannan , Guo Haoqing , Yu Wenjin , Zou Yu , Gong Lefan , Tang Rong , Qu Bo , Guo Xuan , Chen Yan , Deng Yongkai , Bian Mengying , Li Yan , Zhang Dongdong , Wei Mingyang , Park So Min , Xia Pan , Lv Yao , Gong Qihuang , Wang Shufeng , Chen Zhijian , Xiao Lixin
Published: February 2024

In organic light‐emitting diode (OLED), achieving high efficiency requires effective triplet exciton confinement by carrier‐transporting materials, which typically have higher triplet energy (ET) than the emitter, leading to poor stability. Here, an electron‐transporting material (ETM), whose ET is 0.32 eV lower than that of the emitter is reported. In devices, it surprisingly exhibits strong confinement effect and generates excellent efficiency. Additionally, the device operational lifetime is 4.9 times longer than the device with a standard ETM, 1,3,5‐tri(1‐phenyl‐1H‐benzo[d]imidazol‐2‐yl) phenyl (whose ET 0.36 eV is higher than the emitter). This anomalous finding is ascribed to the exceptionally long triplet state lifetime (≈0.2 s) of the ETM. It is named as long‐lifetime triplet exciton reservoir effect. The systematic analysis reveals that the long triplet lifetime of ETM can compensate the requirement for high ET with the help of endothermic energy transfer. Such combination of low ET and long lifetime provides equivalent exciton confinement effect and high molecular stability simultaneously. It offers a novel molecular design paradigm for breaking the dilemma between high efficiency and prolonged operational lifetime in OLEDs.
“Cell Disk” DNA Storage System Capable of Random Reading and Rewriting
Authors: Hou Zhaohua , Qiang Wei , Wang Xiangxiang , Chen Xiaoxu , Hu Xin , Han Xuye , Shen Wenlu , Zhang Bing , Xing Peng , Shi Wenping , Dai Junbiao , Huang Xiaoluo , Zhao Guanghou
Published: February 2024

DNA has emerged as an appealing material for information storage due to its great storage density and durability. Random reading and rewriting are essential tasks for practical large‐scale data storage. However, they are currently difficult to implement simultaneously in a single DNA‐based storage system, strongly limiting their practicability. Here, a “Cell Disk” storage system is presented, achieving high‐density in vivo DNA data storage that enables both random reading and rewriting. In this system, each yeast cell is used as a chamber to store information, similar to a “disk block” but with the ability to self‐replicate. Specifically, each genome of yeast cell has a customized CRISPR/Cas9‐based “lock‐and‐key” module inserted, which allows selective retrieval, erasure, or rewriting of the targeted cell “block” from a pool of cells (“disk”). Additionally, a codec algorithm with lossless compression ability is developed to improve the information density of each cell “block”. As a proof of concept, target‐specific reading and rewriting of the compressed data from a mimic cell “disk” comprising up to 105 “blocks” are demonstrated and achieve high specificity and reliability. The “Cell Disk” system described here concurrently supports random reading and rewriting, and it should have great scalability for practical data storage use.
Comprehensive Insight into the Structure Contribution of A2‐A1‐D‐A1‐A2 Acceptor to Performance of P3HT Solar Cells
Authors: Geng Yanfang , Chen You , Du Mengzhen , Wu Hongbo , Ma Zaifei , Xiao Bo , Wang Helin , Tang Ailing , Sun Xiangnan , Zhong Yufei , Zhou Erjun
Published: February 2024

Poly(3‐hexylthiophene) (P3HT) acting as one of the most popular and low‐cost polymers is quite suitable for commercialization of organic solar cells but suffers from low power conversion efficiency (PCE) because of the limited matching non‐fullerene acceptors (NFAs). One important reason that restricts the enhancement but remains unresolved is the undisclosed contributions of the subtle structure modification to the obvious performance change. In combination with the previous reports and this work, herein A2‐A1‐D‐A1‐A2 type NFAs with single, dual, and triple modifications based on parent BTA3 is designed, including benzyl‐substitution on A2 group (namely Bn modification), fluorine‐substitution on A1 group (namely F modification), and thieno[3,2‐b]thiophene‐substitution on D group (namely TT modification). It is finally found that the binary devices of P3HT with these NFAs underwent unexpected variations in the aspect of molecular optoelectronic property, blend morphological feature and charge generation process. The triple modification (including Bn, F, and TT) gives full play to their unique advantages and consequently increases PCE by 60%. To the knowledge, the obtained optimal PCE is one of the highest values for A2‐A1‐D‐A1‐A2 type NFAs. This study provides clearer insights into the rational substitutions on the A2‐A1‐D‐A1‐A2 acceptors matched with P3HT for high‐performance organic photovoltaics.
High‐Bandgap Perovskites for Efficient Indoor Light Harvesting
Authors: Shcherbachenko Sergey , Astakhov Oleksandr , Liu Zhifa , Kin Li‐Chung , Zahren Christoph , Rau Uwe , Kirchartz Thomas , Merdzhanova Tsvetelina
Published: February 2024

The use of metal‐halide perovskites in photovoltaic applications has become increasingly attractive due to their low‐temperature manufacturing processes and long charge‐carrier lifetimes. High‐bandgap perovskite solar cells have potential for indoor applications due to their efficient absorption of the spectrum of light‐emitting diodes (LEDs). This study investigates the performance of high‐bandgap perovskite solar cells under a wide range of lighting conditions, including a commercially available white LED lamp with a 5–40 000 lx illuminance range and a standard 1 sun reference. The performance of CH3NH3PbI3‐based perovskite solar cells to CH3NH3Pb(I0.8,Br0.2)3 solar cells with varying electron transport layers (ETL), including PCBM, PCBM:CMC, and CMC:ICBA fullerene combinations, is compared. Because the spectral response of perovskite solar cells covers the white LED spectrum very well, the major performance difference is related to the open‐circuit voltage and fill factor. The cells with the CH3NH3Pb(I0.8,Br0.2)3 absorber layer and the CMC:ICBA ETL demonstrate superior open‐circuit voltage and therefore a high efficiency above 29% at 200–500 lx, typical for indoor lighting.
Morphological and genetic evidence suggest gene flow among native and naturalized mint species
Authors: Olofsson Jill K. , Tyler Torbjörn , Dunning Luke T. , Hjertson Mats , Rühling Åke , Hansen Anders J.
Published: February 2024

Premise

Cultivation and naturalization of plants beyond their natural range can bring previously geographically isolated taxa together, increasing the opportunity for hybridization, the outcomes of which are not predictable. Here, we explored the phenotypic and genomic effects of interspecific gene flow following the widespread cultivation of Mentha spicata (spearmint), M. longifolia, and M. suaveolens.

Methods

We morphologically evaluated 155 herbarium specimens of three Mentha species and sequenced the genomes of a subset of 93 specimens. We analyzed the whole genomes in a population and the phylogenetic framework and associated genomic classifications in conjunction with the morphological assessments.

Results

The allopolyploid M. spicata, which likely evolved in cultivation, had altered trichome characters, that is possibly a product of human selection for a more palatable plant or a byproduct of selection for essential oils. There were signs of genetic admixture between mints, including allopolyploids, indicating that the reproductive barriers between Mentha species with differences in ploidy are likely incomplete. Still, despite gene flow between species, we found that genetic variants associated with the cultivated trichome morphology continue to segregate.

Conclusions

Although hybridization, allopolyploidization, and human selection during cultivation can increase species richness (e.g., by forming hybrid taxa), we showed that unless reproductive barriers are strong, these processes can also result in mixing of genes between species and the potential loss of natural biodiversity.
The evolution of glandularity as a defense against herbivores in the tarweed clade
Authors: Pearse Ian S. , LoPresti Eric , Baldwin Bruce G. , Krimmel Billy
Published: February 2024

Premise

Glandular trichomes are implicated in direct and indirect defense of plants. However, the degree to which glandular and non‐glandular trichomes have evolved as a consequence of herbivory remains unclear, because their heritability, their association with herbivore resistance, their trade‐offs with one another, and their association with other functions are rarely quantified.

Methods

We conducted a phylogenetic comparison of trichomes and herbivore resistance against the generalist caterpillar, Heliothis virescens, among tarweed species (Asteraceae: Madiinae) and a genetic correlation study comparing those same traits among maternal half‐sibs of three tarweed species.

Results

Within a tarweed species, we found no evidence that herbivore growth rate decreased on tarweed individuals or maternal sib groups with more glandularity or denser trichomes. However, tarweed species with more glandularity and fewer non‐glandular trichomes resulted in slower‐growing herbivores. Likewise, a trade‐off between glandular and non‐glandular trichomes was apparent among tarweed species, but not among individuals or sib groups within a species.

Conclusions

Our results suggest that this key herbivore does not select for trichomes as a direct defense in tarweed species. However, trichomes differed substantially among species and likely affect herbivore pressure on those species. Our results demonstrate that trade‐offs among plant traits, as well as inference on the function of those traits, can depend on scale.
Anomaly Non‐Renormalization, Lattice QFT, and Universality of Transport Coefficients
Authors: Mastropietro Vieri
Published: February 2024

Recently new methods have been introduced to investigate the non‐renormalization properties of the anomalies at a non perturbative level and in presence of a lattice. The issue is relevant in a number of problems ranging from the anomaly‐free construction of chiral lattice gauge theory with large cut‐off to the universality properties observed in transport coefficients in condensed matter systems. A review of main results and future perspectives is presented.
Highly Stable Photo‐Assisted Zinc‐Ion Batteries via Regulated Photo‐Induced Proton Transfer
Authors: Zha Wenwen , Ruan Qiushi , Ma Long , Liu Meng , Lin Huiwen , Sun Litao , Sun ZhengMing , Tao Li
Published: February 2024

Photo‐assisted ion batteries utilize light to boost capacity but face cycling instability due to complex charge/ion transfer under illumination. This study identified photo‐induced proton transfer (photo‐induced PT) as a significant process in photo‐(dis)charging of widely‐used V2O5‐based zinc‐ion batteries, contributing to enhanced capacity under illumination but jeopardizing photo‐stability. Photo‐induced PT occurs at 100 ps after photo‐excitation, inducing rapid proton extraction into V2O5 photoelectrode. This process creates a proton‐deficient microenvironment on surface, leading to repetitive cathode dissolution and anode corrosion in each cycle. Enabling the intercalated protons from photo‐induced PT to be reversibly employed in charge‐discharge processes via the anode‐alloying strategy achieves high photo‐stability for the battery. Consequently, a ~54 % capacity enhancement was achieved in a V2O5‐based zinc‐ion battery under illumination, with ~90 % capacity retention after 4000 cycles. This extends the photo‐stability record by 10 times. This study offers promising advancements in energy storage by addressing instability issues in photo‐assisted ion batteries.
The tympanic region of the skull in extant pinnipeds: A pilot study of auditory morphological disparity using linear morphometric principal component analysis
Authors: Koper Lindsey , Koretsky Irina A. , Rahmat Sulman J.
Published: February 2024

Pinnipeds are unique semiaquatic taxa possessing adaptations to hear efficiently both in water and on land. Research over the past century is extremely limited on the auditory apparatus morphology of pinnipeds, which include the Families Phocidae (true seals), Otariidae (sea lions/fur seals), and Odobenidae (walruses). Our extensive literature review revealed inaccurate terminology of this region, with details corresponding only to terrestrial taxa, and a severe lack of information due to very few current studies. This demonstrates the need for evaluation and comparison of the auditory morphologies of modern terrestrial and semiaquatic carnivorans in relation to hearing. This initial study compares tympanic bullar morphologies of Phocidae to other pinnipeds and representatives of terrestrial carnivoran families. Morphological correlations of the basicranial auditory region were also compared within phocid subfamilies. Eleven skull measurements and about eleven calculated ratios were included in multiple principal component analyses to determine what areas of the auditory apparatus had the most significant morphological variation. This is the first study using this methodology, especially in reference to the hearing adaptations of pinnipeds, specifically in phocids. Results demonstrate distinct trends in phocid bullar morphology relative to other pinnipeds. Analyses reveal that: (1) phocids generally have different bullar morphology than otariids and odobenids; (2) Neomonachus schauinslandi (Hawaiian monk seal) and Neomonachus tropicalis (Caribbean monk seal) have unique morphology compared to phocids and other pinnipeds. Future work with increased number of specimens will further substantiate these findings and both ontogenetic and sexual variations will be examined.
From generosity to gratitude: Exploring Islamic views on body donation, human dissection, and honoring the gift of life
Authors: Hadie Siti Nurma Hanim , Gasmalla Hosam Eldeen Elsadig , Wadi Majed M. , Zainul Abidin Mohd Asri , Yusoff Muhamad Saiful Bahri
Published: February 2024

Human dissection is an ancient pedagogical method that is still relevant in modern anatomy curricula. The body procurement process for dissection purposes has undergone significant evolution from the medieval era until now, whereby body donation has become the main source for human bodies in medical education. The appreciation ceremony for body donors is an excellent way to promote a body donation program, whereby both dissection and appreciation ceremonies are effective in inculcating professional behaviors and altruism among medical students. Despite the benefits of dissection and such ceremonies, conflicting ideas about the acceptability of these methods exist among Muslim scholars and students. Hence, this article provides a theological Islamic interpretation of human dissection, body donation, and appreciation ceremonies from four sources of Islamic law—the Qur'an, Hadith, Idjmaa, and Qiyas—to justify Muslims' involvement in the aforementioned. It is important to note that the fundamentals of Islam are submission to the will of the one and only God, Allah Subhanahu wa ta'ala (SWT) and recognition of Prophet Muhamad (peace be upon him) as the last messenger of God. Therefore, the actions of a Muslim are strongly based on faith and virtue.
Autistic identity: A systematic review of quantitative research
Authors: Davies Jade , Cooper Kate , Killick Estelle , Sam Evelyn , Healy Molly , Thompson Grace , Mandy Will , Redmayne Benjamin , Crane Laura
Published: February 2024

Autism can be considered both a personal and social identity. Identifying the factors contributing to positive Autistic identity development is crucial given the potential implications for mental health and wellbeing. In this systematic review, we aimed to synthesize quantitative literature on Autistic identity to identify the (individual and environmental) factors associated with Autistic identity, and to ascertain the relationship between Autistic identity and mental health and wellbeing. A total of 3,617 studies were screened and 20 met our inclusion criteria. Results indicated that people developed a more positive Autistic identity when receiving external autism acceptance and external support. The association between individual factors and Autistic identity were largely nonsignificant or inconclusive, highlighting the need for broad support that meets the needs of a range of Autistic people, rather than specific subgroups. Importantly, positive Autistic identity was associated with improved mental health and wellbeing. Peer support and/or self‐directed support resources may be valuable mechanisms for supporting Autistic people to cultivate a positive Autistic identity. The evaluation of such support, including the long‐term impacts on identity development, will be a critical avenue for future research.
Nutritional Value and in vitro Antigiardial Activity of Anise (Pimpinella anisum L.) Seeds
Authors: Alrasheid Ayat Ahmed , Kabbashi Ahmed Saeed , Ali Amar Osman , Alrasheed Amel Ahmed , Kanani Zeinab , Saleh Missa Mohammed , Zengin Gokhan , Ayoub Saad Mohammed Hussein
Published: February 2024

The present study focused on evaluating the proximate analysis, mineral composition, and in vitro anti‐giardial activity of Pimpinella anisum seed extracts, which are aromatic plants with a long history of usage in folk and conventional medicine, as well as pharmaceutical manufacturing. Standard methods were used to determine the proximate analysis of the powdered plant sample, including dry matter, ash, fat, protein, fiber, and carbohydrates. The mineral contents of Pimpinella anisum seed were analyzed using Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry (ICP‐MS), revealing that the plant has a high fiber content (42.62%) followed by carbohydrates (38.79%). The seeds were also found to be a rich source of minerals, with notable amounts of Rubidium, Magnesium, and Calcium. The extracts showed a high mortality percentage compared to Metronidazole, with the chloroform extract exhibiting higher anti‐giardial activity (78.71%) than the ethanolic extract (75.29%) at a concentration of 500 ppm. These findings support the traditional use of Anise in treating gastrointestinal issues and as a natural supplement. Further studies are needed to isolate the active ingredients and understand their mechanism of action.
Students of color experiencing barriers in the financial aid process at an urban community college: A critical race policy analysis
Authors: Graves Devon L.
Published: February 2024

The financial aid process extends beyond once a student submits the Free Application for Federal Student Aid (FAFSA) application. Scholars have found that the financial aid process can be cumbersome, especially for minoritized students. What is unclear in the literature are the additional hurdles students encounter to obtain financial aid. I conducted interviews with community college students and financial aid staff at an urban community college to better understand these difficulties in the process. I employed critical race policy analysis and whiteness as property to contextualize how financial aid is structured to deter Students of Color from accessing financial aid benefits. The findings allude to communication issues between financial aid staff and students, and students seeking assistance with their financial aid from other campus departments.
Percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty in a 52‐year‐old patient with porcelain aorta and calcified coronaries: A case report
Authors: Dhungana Reechashree , Sharma Padam , Poudel Chandra Mani , Pandey Anup , Khanal Raja Ram , Shakya Smriti , Gajurel Ratna Mani
Published: February 2024

Key Clinical Message

Porcelain aorta, characterized by extensive calcification of the aortic wall is often associated with coronary calcification. It can pose an increased risk of thromboembolic complications during interventional and surgical procedures. We present a case of a 52‐year‐old female, a chronic smoker with dyslipidemia with complaints of exertional chest pain for past 6 months. She was diagnosed as a case of non‐ST elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI) with multivessel CAD, with porcelain aorta and calcified coronaries based on abnormal ECG, elevated troponin and coronary angiography findings. Percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA) was the treatment modality chosen considering the risk of thromboembolism with aortic manipulation during coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG). Repeat ECG after the procedure showed resolution of ST segment depression. Her hospital stay was uneventful. She was discharged on dual antiplatelet therapy, statin and metoprolol. One‐week follow‐up revealed normal ECG and blood reports, with further outpatient department visits scheduled every 3 months. Porcelain aorta and coronary calcification is a challenging case for cardiologists. PTCA if done meticulously could be preferable to coronary‐artery by‐pass grafting (CABG) in such patients. Despite the risks like aortic rupture and thromboembolic complications, PTCA in a case of multivessel CAD with porcelain aorta and calcified coronaries could be a life‐saving procedure.
Reaction of (N4Py)Fe with H2O2 and the relevance of its Fe(IV)=O species during and after H2O2 disproportionation
Authors: Maurits de Roo C. , Sardjan Andy S. , Postmus Roy , Swart Marcel , Hage Ronald , Browne Wesley R.
Published: February 2024

The catalytic disproportionation of by non‐heme Fe(II) complexes of H2O2 the ligand N4Py (1,1‐bis(pyridin‐2‐yl)‐N,N‐bis(pyridin‐2‐ylmethyl)methanamine) and the formation and reactivity of Fe(III)‐OOH and Fe(IV)=O species is studied by UV/Vis absorption, NIR luminescence, (resonance) Raman and headspace Raman spectroscopy, 1O2 trapping and DFT methods. Earlier DFT studies indicated that disproportionation of H2O2 catalysed by Fe(II)‐N4Py complexes produce only 3O2, however, only the low‐spin state pathway was considered. In the present study, DFT calculations predict two pathways for the reaction between Fe(III)‐OOH and H2O2, both of which yield 3O2/H2O2 and involve either the S=1/2 or the S=3/2 spin state, with the latter being spin forbidden. The driving force for both pathways are similar, however, a minimal energy crossing point (MECP) provides a route for the formally spin forbidden reaction. The energy gap between the reaction intermediate and the MECP is lower than the barrier across the non‐adiabatic channel. The formation of 3O2 only is confirmed experimentally in the present study through 1O2 trapping and NIR luminescence spectroscopy. However, attempts to use the 1O2 probe (
‐terpinene) resulted in initiation of auto‐oxidation rather than formation of the expected endoperoxide, which indicated formation of OH radicals from Fe(III)‐OOH, e. g., through O−O bond homolysis together with saturation of methanol with 3O2. Microkinetic modelling of spectroscopic data using rate constants determined earlier, reveal that there is another pathway for Fe(III)‐OOH decomposition in addition to competition between the reaction of Fe(III)‐OOH with H2O2 and homolysis to form Fe(IV)=O and hydroxyl radical. Notably, after all H2O2 is consumed the decay of the Fe(III)‐OOH species is predominantly through a second order self reaction (with Fe(III)‐OOH). The conclusion reached is that the rate of O−O bond homolysis in the Fe(III)‐OOH species to form Fe(IV)=O and an hydroxyl radical is too low to be responsible for the observed oxidation of organic substrates.