bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Methanolic Leaves Extract of Ziziphus spina-christi Inhibits Cell Proliferation and Migration of HER2-Positive Breast Cancer via p38 MAPK Signaling Pathway
Authors: Saeed Sumayyah , Hassan Arij Fouzat , Suliman Azza , Moustafa Ala-Eddin Al , Alali Feras
Published: January 2025

Human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) is a subtype of breast cancer that is associated with poor prognosis and low survival rates. The discovery of novel anti-cancer agents to manage this subtype of cancer is still needed. Ziziphus spina-christi (ZSC) is a plant species that is native to Qatar. It exerts various biological activities, including cytotoxicity as it contains different essential bioactive constituents, mainly rutin and quercetin. To examine the outcome of ZSC on HER2-positive breast cancer, we standardized the ZSC methanolic leaves extracted by Reverse Phase High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (RP-HPLC) analysis using the flavonoids rutin and quercetin as marker compounds. Here we used two HER2-positive breast cancer cell lines, ZR-75-1 and SK-BR-3, and the chorioallantoic membrane as an angiogenesis model. We found that ZSC extract significantly reduces viability, alters the normal morphological phenotype of HER2-positive breast cancer cells, and inhibits cell migration as well as colony formation; this is accompanied by deregulating different apoptotic markers such as Bax/Bcl-2 and NF-κB in both cell lines. Additionally, ZSC methanolic extract significantly represses the angiogenesis of the chorioallantoic membrane model. Moreover, the molecular pathway investigations pointed out that ZSC extract represses the activity of HER2 and p38 MAPK which could be the main pathways behind the effect of ZSC in HER2-positive cells. Collectively, our results support the potential role of ZSC in the management of HER2-positive breast cancer and form the basis for future investigations.
Photo-Crosslinking Hydrogel Based on Porcine Small Intestinal Submucosa Decellularized Matrix/Fish Collagen/GelMA for Culturing Small Intestinal Organoids and Repairing Intestinal Defects
Authors: Jia Zihao , Wang Ziwei
Published: January 2025

Organoid technology, as an innovative approach in biomedicine, exhibits promising prospects in disease modeling, pharmaceutical screening, regenerative medicine, and oncology research. However, the use of tumor-derived Matrigel as the primary method for culturing organoids has significantly impeded the clinical translation of organoid technology due to concerns about potential risks, batch-to-batch instability, and high costs. To address these challenges, this study innovatively introduced a photo-crosslinkable hydrogel made from a porcine small intestinal submucosa decellularized matrix (SIS), fish collagen (FC), and methacrylate gelatin (GelMA). The cost-effective hydrogel demonstrated excellent biocompatibility, tunable mechanical properties, rapid gelation properties, and low immunogenicity. Importantly, the proliferation and differentiation capacities of small intestinal organoids cultured in hydrogel were comparable to those in Matrigel, with no significant disparity observed. Furthermore, after one week of transplantation in nude mice, the hydrogel–organoid complex exhibited sustained structural and functional stability while preserving the differentiation characteristics of small intestinal organoids. Our study also demonstrated the effective potential of FC/SIS/GelMA hydrogel in accelerating the repair process of small intestinal defects, reducing the area of scar formation, and promoting the regeneration of both intestinal villi and smooth muscle tissue. In summary, this study presents a novel protocol for culturing small intestinal organoids, offering potential implications for future clinical applications and serving as an experimental foundation for the development of tissue-engineered intestines based on small intestinal organoids.
In and out of Replication Stress: PCNA/RPA1-Based Dynamics of Fork Stalling and Restart in the Same Cell
Authors: Dyankova-Danovska Teodora , Uzunova Sonya , Danovski Georgi , Stamatov Rumen , Kanev Petar-Bogomil , Atemin Aleksandar , Ivanova Aneliya , Aleksandrov Radoslav , Stoynov Stoyno
Published: January 2025

Replication forks encounter various impediments, which induce fork stalling and threaten genome stability, yet the precise dynamics of fork stalling and restart at the single-cell level remain elusive. Herein, we devise a live-cell microscopy-based approach to follow hydroxyurea-induced fork stalling and subsequent restart at 30 s resolution. We measure two distinct processes during fork stalling. One is rapid PCNA removal, which reflects the drop in DNA synthesis. The other is gradual RPA1 accumulation up to 2400 nt of ssDNA per fork despite an active intra-S checkpoint. Restoring the nucleotide pool enables a prompt restart without post-replicative ssDNA and a smooth cell cycle progression. ATR, but not ATM inhibition, accelerates hydroxyurea-induced RPA1 accumulation nine-fold, leading to RPA1 exhaustion within 20 min. Fork restart under ATR inhibition led to the persistence of ~600 nt ssDNA per fork after S-phase, which reached 2500 nt under ATR/ATM co-inhibition, with both scenarios leading to mitotic catastrophe. MRE11 inhibition had no effect on PCNA/RPA1 dynamics regardless of ATR activity. E3 ligase RAD18 was recruited at stalled replication forks in parallel to PCNA removal. Our results shed light on fork dynamics during nucleotide depletion and provide a valuable tool for interrogating the effects of replication stress-inducing anti-cancer agents.
Encrypted Engagement: Mapping Messaging App Use in European News Consumption Patterns
Authors: Rughiniș Răzvan , Țurcanu Dinu , Vulpe Simona-Nicoleta , Radovici Alexandru
Published: January 2025

This study examines the emerging role of messaging apps and end-to-end encryption in news consumption patterns across the European Union. Using data from the Flash Eurobarometer 3153 “Media and News Survey 2023”, we employed K-Means cluster analysis to identify five distinct news consumer profiles. Our findings reveal that while messaging apps are used by 15% of EU residents for news consumption, their adoption varies significantly across demographic groups and regions. Notably, omnivorous news consumers show the highest usage (61%) and trust in these platforms, indicating a complementary role to traditional news sources. The study highlights a generational divide, with younger users and those still in education showing a stronger preference for messaging apps. Surprisingly, individuals without formal education also demonstrate high usage, challenging assumptions about the digital divide. This research offers updated, large-scale information on the evolving European news ecosystem, where private, encrypted channels are gaining importance alongside public platforms. Our findings have significant implications for media strategies, policymaking, and understanding the future of news dissemination in an increasingly digital and privacy-conscious Europe.
Simulation Analysis of an ETC Monitoring and Imaging Supplementary Lighting Device for Freeways
Authors: Yin Shijian , Ma Zhiyong , Luo Xiaojie , Yu Huayang
Published: January 2025

To address the glare issues caused by highway ETC gantry monitoring and imaging illumination devices, this paper first investigates the mechanism of disability glare and derives the formula for the glare threshold increment. Subsequently, using the glare increment threshold as the evaluation metric and incorporating the current regulatory requirements for illumination devices, a simulation model for ETC gantry monitoring and imaging illumination devices was developed. A single-variable control method was applied to conduct simulation experiments on the glare problems from multiple perspectives (e.g., different standard illuminance levels, various luminous areas, varying installation heights, and different lateral offsets), and the glare level was analyzed using the glare increment threshold method. It was found that when the lateral offset of the illumination device reached 4 m, the glare increment threshold decreased by more than 50%. Additionally, it is recommended that the illuminance of the illumination device should be greater than 15 lx.
Molecular and Biochemical Mechanisms of Scutellum Color Variation in Bactrocera dorsalis Adults (Diptera: Tephritidae)
Authors: Wang Guangli , Li Weijun , Wu Jiazhan , Xu Ye , Xu Zhaohuan , Xie Qingxiu , Ge Yugui , Yang Haiyan , Li Xiaozhen
Published: January 2025

Bactrocera dorsalis (Hendel) is an invasive fruit and vegetable pest, infesting citrus, mango, carambola, etc. We observed that the posterior thoracic scutella of some B. dorsalis adults are yellow, some light yellow, and some white in China. Compared with the B. dorsalis races with a yellow scutellum (YS) and white scutellum (WS), the race with a light-yellow scutellum (LYS) is dominant in citrus and carambola orchards. To reveal genetic correlates among the three races, the genomes of 22 samples (8 with YS, 7 with LYS, and 7 with WS) were sequenced by high-throughput sequencing technology. Single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) annotation showed that there were 17,580 non-synonymous mutation sites located in the exonic region. Principal component analysis based on independent SNP data revealed that the SNPs with LYS were more similar to that with YS when compared with WS. Most genes associated with scutellum color variation were involved in three pathways: oxidative phosphorylation, porphyrin and chlorophyll metabolism, and terpenoid backbone biosynthesis. By comparing the sequences among the three races, we screened out 276 differential genes (DGs) in YS vs. WS, 185 DGs in LYS vs. WS, and 104 DGs in YS vs. LYS. Most genes determining color variation in B. dorsalis scutella were located on chromosomes 2–5. Biochemical analysis showed that β-carotene content in YS and LYS was significantly higher than that in WS at any stage of adult days 1, 10, and 20. No significant differences were observed in cytochrome P450 or melanin content in YS, LYS, or WS. Our study provides results on aspects of scutellum color variation in B. dorsalis adults, providing molecular and physiological information for revealing the adaptation and evolution of the B. dorsalis population.
Motivation to Clinical Trial Participation: Health Information Distrust and Healthcare Access as Explanatory Variables and Gender as Moderator
Authors: Barsha Rifath Ara Alam , Assari Shervin , Byiringiro Samuel , Michos Erin D. , Plante Timothy B. , Miller Hailey N. , Himmelfarb Cheryl R. , Sheikhattari Payam
Published: January 2025

Background: There is significant underrepresentation in clinical trials across diverse populations. Less is known about how health system-related factors, such as relationships and trust, mediate the motivation for clinical trial participation. We aimed to investigate whether health system-related factors explain the association between sociodemographic factors and motivation for participation. Additionally, we explored whether the mediating effects differ by gender. Methods: We used the Health Information National Trends Survey 2020 cycle-4 data. Motivation for clinical trial participation, assessed through eight items, was the outcome variable (range 1–4). Predictors included age, race, ethnicity, education, general health, and depression. The health system-related explanatory variables were health information distrust, having a regular provider, and the frequency of healthcare visits. Gender was the moderator. A structural equation model (SEM) was used for the overall and gender-stratified analyses. Results: Among the 3865 participants (mean [SE] age of 48.4 [0.53] years, 51.4% women, and 24.3% non-White), older age (β = −0.170; p < 0.001) and non-White race (β = −0.078; p < 0.01) were negatively associated, and higher education (β = 0.117; p < 0.001) was positively associated with motivation. Higher distrust (β = −0.094; p < 0.01) decreased motivation, whereas having a regular provider increased motivation (β = 0.087; p < 0.01). The gender-stratified SEM revealed that women, but not men, with higher distrust showed lower motivation (β = −0.121; p < 0.01), and men, but not women, with a regular healthcare provider showed higher motivation (β = 0.116; p < 0.01). Conclusions: Our study found that women with higher distrust showed lower motivation, while men with a regular healthcare provider demonstrated higher motivation. These gender differences highlight the need for tailored recruitment approaches that account for their distinct relationships with the health system.
Evaluation of a Novel Method for Temporary Eyebrow Lifting Using Polydioxanone Threads: Preliminary Findings
Authors: Jung Kyu Hwa , Lee Won , Kim Seong Hwan
Published: January 2025

Background/Objectives: Aging affects the face and eyebrow areas, with various resultant procedures for lifting the eyebrows. Recently, thread lifting using absorbable threads has become increasingly popular, with the advantages of a faster recovery and no visible scars, when compared with conventional facial rhytidectomy. Furthermore, polydioxanone (PDO) thread lifting is a favorable surgical method that has been used for eyebrow lifting. However, simply raising the eyebrows overall does not always result in high patient satisfaction. Therefore, in this study, we successfully applied a surgical method to lift the eyebrows, achieving a softer impression of the changing eyebrow shape that is associated with aging. We report on the favorable results yielded by the application of this surgical method. Methods: Between January 2023 and January 2024, a retrospective chart review was conducted for 29 patients who had undergone eyebrow lifting using only PDO threads. Photographs were taken pre- and 3 months post-operatively, in a photo studio with indirect lighting. Patient satisfaction and adverse effects were evaluated immediately and 3 months post-operatively. Results: The overall change in the eyebrow height was minimal at approximately 1.2–1.3 cm; nonetheless, the changes in the angles of the inner eyebrows at 4.00° and 4.44° resulted in a more favorable appearance. In total, 26 out of 29 patients expressed being “satisfied” or “very satisfied” with the outcomes. Serious complications were not observed. Conclusions: An effective, noninvasive eyebrow correction, considering the shape of the inner eyebrow, was performed. A thread-lifting method was used, which lifted the overall eyebrows and corrected the eyebrow shape.
Twenty-Three-Year Mortality in Parkinson’s Disease: A Population-Based Prospective Study (NEDICES)
Authors: Benito-Rodríguez Carla , Bermejo-Pareja Félix , Berbel Ángel , Lapeña-Motilva José , Benito-León Julián
Published: January 2025

Background: Parkinson’s disease (PD) is one of the most prevalent neurodegenerative disorders among older adults, yet its long-term impact on mortality within population-based cohorts remains insufficiently characterized. This study leverages data from the Neurological Disorders in Central Spain (NEDICES) cohort to provide a comprehensive 23-year mortality analysis in a Spanish population. Methods: In this prospective cohort study, 5278 individuals aged 65 years and older were evaluated across two waves: baseline (1994–1995) and follow-up (1997–1998). At baseline, 81 prevalent PD cases were identified, while 30 incident cases, likely in the premotor phase at baseline, were detected during follow-up. Mortality was tracked over 23 years, and Cox proportional hazard models were employed to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) for mortality, adjusting for relevant demographic and clinical variables. Results: Fifty-three individuals from the cohort in the reference group (without PD) were excluded due to unreliable mortality data. Among 111 PD cases, 109 (98.2%) died during follow-up compared to 4440 (86.8%) of 5114 without the disease. PD was associated with a significantly increased mortality risk (adjusted HR = 1.62; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.31–2.01). Patients with both PD and dementia had an even higher risk (HR = 2.19; 95% CI = 1.24–3.89). Early-onset PD (<65 years) showed heightened mortality risk (HR = 2.11; 95% CI = 1.22–3.64). Cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases were the leading causes of death in both PD and non-PD participants. PD was significantly more often listed as the primary cause of death in PD patients compared to the reference group (14.7% vs. 0.4%, p < 0.001). Conclusions: PD significantly increases mortality risk over 23 years, particularly among those with early onset and dementia. These findings underscore the importance of a multidisciplinary approach to PD care, targeting both motor and non-motor symptoms to enhance long-term outcomes.
Own Typology of Body Posture Based on Research Using the Diers Formetric III 4D System
Authors: Wilczyński Jacek
Published: January 2025

Background/Objectives: Body posture is developmentally variable and individually diversified. As a chain of numerous unconditioned and conditioned reflexes, it is, in its essence, a psychomotor habit. The aim of the study was to create an original typology of body posture based on measurements using the Diers Formetric III 4D system. Methods: The research included 303 children aged 10–12. Results: Taking the ranges of standards for the angle of thoracic kyphosis (42–55°) and lumbar lordosis (33–47°) into account, it was shown that there are nine types of body posture. These are as follows: reduced kyphosis, reduced lordosis (K < 42°; L < 33°); reduced kyphosis, normal lordosis (K < 42°; 33° ≤ L ≤ 47°); reduced kyphosis, increased lordosis (K < 42°; L > 47°); normal kyphosis, reduced lordosis (42° ≤ K ≤ 55°; L < 33°); normal kyphosis, normal lordosis (42° ≤ K ≤ 55; 33° ≤ L ≤ 47°); normal kyphosis, increased lordosis (42° ≤ K ≤ 55°; L > 47°); increased kyphosis, reduced lordosis (K > 55°, L < 33°); increased kyphosis, normal lordosis (K > 55°; 33° ≤ L ≤ 47°); and increased kyphosis, increased lordosis (K > 55°; L > 47°). Conclusions: In the final evaluation of the Diers Formetric III 4D examination, the traditional division into round, concave, round-concave, and flat backs should be supplemented and expanded to include the nine posture types mentioned above. This will enable a more precise selection of corrective exercises, which will significantly improve their quality and effectiveness.
A Novel CNN-Based Framework for Alzheimer’s Disease Detection Using EEG Spectrogram Representations
Authors: Stefanou Konstantinos , Tzimourta Katerina D. , Bellos Christos , Stergios Georgios , Markoglou Konstantinos , Gionanidis Emmanouil , Tsipouras Markos G. , Giannakeas Nikolaos , Tzallas Alexandros T. , Miltiadous Andreas
Published: January 2025

Background: Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder that poses critical challenges in global healthcare due to its increasing prevalence and severity. Diagnosing AD and other dementias, such as frontotemporal dementia (FTD), is slow and resource-intensive, underscoring the need for automated approaches. Methods: To address this gap, this study proposes a novel deep learning methodology for EEG classification of AD, FTD, and control (CN) signals. The approach incorporates advanced preprocessing techniques and CNN classification of FFT-based spectrograms and is evaluated using the leave-N-subjects-out validation, ensuring robust cross-subject generalizability. Results: The results indicate that the proposed methodology outperforms state-of-the-art machine learning and EEG-specific neural network models, achieving an accuracy of 79.45% for AD/CN classification and 80.69% for AD+FTD/CN classification. Conclusions: These results highlight the potential of EEG-based deep learning models for early dementia screening, enabling more efficient, scalable, and accessible diagnostic tools.
Cetacean Sanctuaries: Do They Guarantee Better Welfare?
Authors: Almunia Javier , Canchal Marta
Published: January 2025

The SEA LIFE Trust Beluga Whale Sanctuary (BWS) has been in operation for over five years and serves as a unique case study to evaluate the effectiveness of marine sanctuaries for cetaceans. While cetacean sanctuaries are often regarded as a middle-ground solution between captivity and release, evidence from the BWS highlights complexities in adapting cetaceans to these environments. Despite initial assumptions that natural conditions would inherently improve welfare, the belugas at the BWS spent the majority of the operational period (92.6%) in a conventional indoor pool, due to health and welfare concerns. Repeated delays, challenges in acclimatization, and distress-related conditions observed during periods in the bay suggest that natural environments alone may not guarantee improved welfare. Additionally, the lack of publicly accessible data on health and welfare outcomes hinders comprehensive evaluation of the sanctuary’s success and raises questions about transparency and evidence-based practices. This review underscores the need for refined sanctuary models, improved infrastructure, and structured adaptation programs tailored to species and individual cetaceans. It highlights the importance of robust planning, ongoing research, and transparency to meet the ambitious goals of marine sanctuaries in the best interests of the well-being of cetaceans under human care. These considerations also raise concerns about the decision to relocate captive cetaceans to marine sanctuaries, as the available evidence suggests that such environments may not inherently guarantee better welfare outcomes.
Perception Development of L2 English and L3 Polish Coda Obstruents by L1 German Adult Multilinguals
Authors: Kopečková Romana
Published: January 2025

Research into L3 phonological acquisition has grown in the past decade, yet perceptual studies remain scarce. Existing studies report complex interactions between the phonetic categories of multilinguals’ L1, L2 and L3, depending on investigated feature and stage of L3 learning. This small-scale study, grounded in Complex Dynamic Systems Theory, examines the development of coda obstruent perception in seven beginner learners of Polish as an L3 (aged 21–39), with German as their L1 and English as their L2. Over ten months of instructed L3 learning, participants were tested four times using a timed forced-choice goodness task in both L2 and L3. Additionally, three participants provided monthly data between the second and fourth testing. Analyses across the sample revealed a competitive relationship between L2 and L3 perception, with L2 accuracy declining as L3 accuracy improved. Individual data, however, indicated more varied patterns: while one learner followed the overall trend, another exhibited decreasing accuracy in both their L2 and L3, and the third maintained accurate L2 perception alongside more accurate yet increasingly variable L3 perception. These findings highlight the value of analyzing both overall trends and individual data to better understand multilingual speech perception development, and suggest that, with growing L3 experience, the newly learnt L3 may influence L2 perception of a phonological process shared in the L1 and marked in the L2.
Transforming Cardiovascular Risk Prediction: A Review of Machine Learning and Artificial Intelligence Innovations
Authors: Kasartzian Dimitrios-Ioannis , Tsiampalis Thomas
Published: January 2025

Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) remain a leading cause of global mortality and morbidity. Traditional risk prediction models, while foundational, often fail to capture the multifaceted nature of risk factors or leverage the expanding pool of healthcare data. Machine learning (ML) and artificial intelligence (AI) approaches represent a paradigm shift in risk prediction, offering dynamic, scalable solutions that integrate diverse data types. This review examines advancements in AI/ML for CVD risk prediction, analyzing their strengths, limitations, and the challenges associated with their clinical integration. Recommendations for standardization, validation, and future research directions are provided to unlock the potential of these technologies in transforming precision cardiovascular medicine.
Dynamics of Photoinduced Charge Carrier and Photothermal Effect in Pulse-Illuminated Narrow Gap and Moderate Doped Semiconductors
Authors: Galovic Slobodanka , Djordjevic Katarina , Dragas Milica , Milicevic Dejan , Suljovrujic Edin
Published: January 2025

When a sample of semiconducting material is illuminated by monochromatic light, in which the photon energy is higher than the energy gap of the semiconductor, part of the absorbed electromagnetic energy is spent on the generation of pairs of quasi-free charge carriers that are bound by Coulomb attraction. Photo-generated pairs diffuse through the material as a whole according to the density gradients established, carrying part of the excitation energy and charge through the semiconducting sample. This energy is indirectly transformed into heat, where the excess negatively charged electron recombines with a positively charged hole and causes additional local heating of the lattice. The dynamic of the photoexcited charge carrier is described by a non-linear partial differential equation of ambipolar diffusion. In moderate doped semiconductors with a low-level injection of charge carriers, ambipolar transport can be reduced to the linear parabolic partial differential equation for the transport of minority carriers. In this paper, we calculated the spectral function of the photoinduced charge carrier distribution based on an approximation of low-level injection. Using the calculated distribution and inverse Laplace transform, the dynamics of recombination photoinduced heat sources at the surfaces of semiconducting samples were studied for pulse optical excitations of very short and very long durations. It was shown that the photoexcited charge carriers affect semiconductor heating depending on the pulse duration, velocity of surface recombination, lifetime of charge carriers, and their diffusion coefficient.
Impact of COVID-19 on Utilization of Healthcare Services Among People Living with HIV (PLHIV): A Systematic Review
Authors: Ukaegbu Enyinnaya , Tilektes Maulenkul , Sarria-Santamera Antonio
Published: January 2025

Background and Objectives: People living with HIV/AIDS have been impacted notably by the COVID-19 pandemic in diverse dimensions. Although some impacts of COVID-19 on PLHIV have been well documented, there is still insufficient research that captures the overall understanding of the implications of COVID-19 for the healthcare utilization among PLHIV. This review aims to evaluate the impact of COVID-19 on PLHIV, narrowing it down to women living with HIV/AIDS. Materials and Methods: An electronic database search of primary studies that obtained information from health facility data regarding PLHIV since 2020 was carried out according to the PRISMA statement. A combination of search terms, e.g., “COVID-19 pandemic”, “SARS-CoV-2”, “Health services utilization”, “People living with Human immunodeficiency virus”, was included. Results: There was an overall decline in the utilization of health services such as medical consultations, ART uptake, and viral load monitoring by PLHIV at primary health centers at the forefront of care delivery. However, the countries in the sub-Saharan African region showed a progressive service increase over the pandemic. There was a scarcity of research on the impact of COVID-19 on women populations living with HIV/AIDS. Other methods of healthcare delivery such as telemedicine and postage services were instrumental to the delivery of HIV care services. Conclusions: The COVID-19 pandemic reduced the overall uptake of healthcare services among PLHIV and women living with HIV/AIDS. There is a need to boost research and strengthen health emergency preparedness for PLHIV, particularly women living with HIV/AIDS, during pandemics and further harness and maximize the use of contemporary healthcare delivery methods other than the traditional ones.
The Role of Bronchoalveolar Lavage in Therapeutic Antimicrobial Choices for Hematologic Patients with Pulmonary Infiltrates
Authors: Patrucco Filippo , Bellan Mattia , Martinotti Davide , Ielo Giuseppe , Iovine Paola Rebecca , Mascheroni Martina , Todisco Francesco , Ubaldi Martina , Castaldo Nadia , Gavelli Francesco , Fantin Alberto
Published: January 2025

Background and Objectives: Lower respiratory tract infections are particularly frequent in hematological patients; their early diagnosis and the timely start of targeted therapy are essential. Bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) can provide a microbiological sample from the lower airways in a minimally invasive way. This study aimed to determine the diagnostic yield of BAL in hematological patients for microbiological purposes and its influence on modifying the therapeutic strategy. Material and Methods: This multicenter, retrospective, observational study included data from 193 consecutive patients from two centers from January 2020 to October 2022. The patients underwent a bronchoscopy with BAL in cases of pulmonary infiltrates suspicious of pulmonary infection. The demographic data, presenting symptoms, level of immunosuppression, chest CT changes, BAL sampling results, and antimicrobiological drug administration were analyzed. Results: Of the 193 procedures, 143 (74.1%) were performed on hospitalized patients, while 50 were performed on outpatients. In 53.9% of the cases, the BAL isolated at least one germ; in particular, if the procedure was carried out within 72 h of presenting symptoms, the probability of isolating the germ increased significantly (74.3%, p = 0.04). Among the isolated germs, 59.4% were viruses, 28.6% were bacteria, and 12% were fungi. The patients with higher immunosuppression and the febrile ones underwent BAL earlier than the patients with mild immunosuppression (p = 0.01) and those with other presenting symptoms (p = 0.0001). BAL positivity led to a change in empirical antimicrobial therapy in 79 out of 104 cases (77% vs. 36.3%; p < 0.001); these data were also confirmed among the hospitalized patients (81% vs. 44%; p < 0.001). The isolation of a pathogen through BAL and the degree of patient immunosuppression negatively influenced patient survival (p < 0.05 and p < 0.01, respectively). Conclusions: BAL is confirmed as a valid approach for evaluating pulmonary infiltrates in hematological patients, given the excellent clinical impact and high diagnostic yield, mainly if performed early after symptom presentation. However, ongoing antimicrobial treatments at the time of BAL may have potentially affected the diagnostic yield of the procedure.
Assessment of Cognitive Functions in Multimorbid Patients in Lithuanian Primary Care Settings: A Cross-Sectional Study Using MMSE and LT-GPCOG
Authors: Alšauskė Silvija Valdonė , Grabauskytė Ingrida , Liseckienė Ida , Macijauskienė Jūratė
Published: January 2025

Background and Objectives: The aging population has led to a rise in cognitive impairments, including dementia, often associated with multimorbidity. Early diagnosis of cognitive decline is crucial, especially in primary care, where time constraints and the limitations of diagnostic tools may hinder accurate detection. This study aims to assess the cognitive functions of multimorbid patients using the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) and the Lithuanian version of the General Practitioner Assessment of Cognition (LT-GPCOG). We hypothesized that the LT-GPCOG would perform similarly to the MMSE in suspecting cognitive impairments. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study, conducted from 2021 to 2022, included 796 patients aged 40–85, with arterial hypertension and at least one other chronic disease, recruited from seven Lithuanian primary health care centers. Cognitive function was assessed using the MMSE and LT-GPCOG, and statistical analyses were performed using SPSS to determine the association between cognitive impairment and various demographic and clinical variables. Results: Out of 796 participants, 793 completed the study. Cognitive impairment was suspected in 5.1% of participants based on MMSE and 4.2% based on the LT-GPCOG. Statistically significant associations were found between cognitive impairment and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) (p = 0.008 and p = 0.003) in both tests and chronic kidney disease (CKD) (p = 0.005) while testing with the MMSE. Lower education and unemployment were also correlated with cognitive impairment (p = 0.008 and p < 0.001). Conclusions: The findings suggest that regular cognitive assessments should be integrated into the management of multimorbid patients, particularly those with COPD and CKD. The LT-GPCOG proved to be an efficient alternative to the MMSE in primary care settings, demonstrating comparable diagnostic accuracy. Further studies are also needed to assess the sensitivity and specificity of the LT-GPCOG test.
Probiotic Therapy as an Adjuvant in the Treatment of Periodontal Disease: An Innovative Approach
Authors: Sachelarie Liliana , Scrobota Ioana , Romanul Ioana , Iurcov Raluca , Potra Cicalau Georgiana Ioana , Todor Liana
Published: January 2025

Background and Objectives: Periodontal inflammation, often linked to oral microbiota dysbiosis dominated by pathogenic bacteria, remains a significant challenge in periodontitis management. Traditional periodontal therapies primarily reduce the bacterial load but fail to restore the microbiota balance. Probiotics offer a promising therapeutic adjunct with their ability to enhance beneficial bacteria. This study investigates the effects of probiotics on the oral microbiota, inflammatory markers (IL-1β, TNF-α), and clinical parameters (gingival index, bleeding index, and periodontal pocket depth). Materials and Methods: In this pilot study, 80 patients with moderate-to-severe periodontitis were assigned to two groups. Group A received standard periodontal therapy (non-surgical periodontal therapy (NSPT)) with probiotic supplementation (Lactobacillus reuteri, 2 × 10⁹ CFU daily for 8 weeks), and Group B received standard treatment with a placebo. Microbiological changes were assessed via quantitative PCR, while inflammatory markers (IL-1β, TNF-α) were analyzed using ELISA. Clinical parameters, including the gingival index (GI), bleeding index (BI), and periodontal pocket depth (PPD), were measured at baseline (T0), 4 weeks (T1), and 8 weeks (T2) using standardized methods. Results: Probiotic therapy (Group A) significantly reduced the pathogenic bacteria and increased the beneficial bacteria levels compared to the placebo (p < 0.01). Inflammatory markers decreased by 37% (IL-1β) and 42% (TNF-α), while clinical parameters improved, with reductions in the gingival and bleeding indices (−1.5, −1.3) and a 2 mm decrease in the periodontal pocket depth (p < 0.01). Conclusions: Probiotics, as an adjunct to periodontal therapy, effectively restore the microbiota balance, reduce inflammation, and improve clinical outcomes in periodontitis.
The Swab, the Drip, or the Meat? Comparison of Microbiological Sampling Methods in Vacuum-Packed Raw Beef
Authors: Martínez-Moreno Aracely , Chávez-Martínez America , Corry Janet E. , Helps Christopher R. , Reyes-Villagrana Raúl. A. , Tirado Gallegos Juan. M. , Santellano-Estrada Eduardo , Rentería-Monterrubio Ana L.
Published: January 2025

Historically, there has been a concern for the detection and enumeration of microorganisms in foods, and numerous methods have been developed to determine their microbiological conditions. The present study aimed to compare the numbers of microbes recovered with three sampling methods: drip, excision, and swabbing in vacuum-packed beef. The sampling methods were evaluated in terms of the viable numbers of Enterobacteriaceae, lactic acid bacteria (LAB), Brochrothrix thermosphacta, Salmonella spp., and yeasts and moulds (Y&M). The numbers of B. thermosphacta, Salmonella spp., Enterobacteriaceae, LAB, and M&Y recovered with the drip method were significantly higher (p < 0.05) than those from the other two methods. Regarding excision and swabbing, the recovery of B. thermosphacta and Enterobacteriaceae was higher (p < 0.05) with the excision method than swabbing, while there were no statistical differences (p > 0.05) between both methods for Salmonella spp., LAB, and Y&M. In conclusion, the drip method can recover up to two logarithms more than the other techniques in vacuum-packed meat; hence, it should be considered when designing and implementing sampling systems for the meat industry.
Influence and Mechanism of Structural Characteristics of Limestone on Quicklime Reaction Activity
Authors: Yang Zehao , Wu Jing , Huang Zhiqin , Zhu Yong , Liang Weikang , Zhu Minjie
Published: January 2025

Quicklime (CaO) is extensively used in metallurgy, chemical engineering, materials science, and greenhouse gas reduction due to its high reactivity, low energy consumption, and environmental benefits. It is considered as one of the most promising raw materials for nanomaterial synthesis and carbon dioxide capture. Previous studies have predominantly focused on the impact of limestone composition and calcination condition. Recent research, however, suggests that the structural characteristics of limestone also play a crucial role in determining the reactivity of quicklime. This study investigates the effect of limestone structure on quicklime reactivity and provides a mechanistic analysis. Three types of limestone with varying structures—clastic-structured, transitional-crystalline-structured, and crystalline-structured—were selected for experiments under different calcination times. The results indicate that quicklime produced from clastic-structured limestone exhibits the highest reactivity. The observed differences in quicklime reactivity can primarily be attributed to the following factors: (1) Clastic-structured limestone possesses larger pore volume and specific surface area, which enhance heat conduction and ensure the uniform decomposition of calcite across various regions. (2) The rock-forming calcite particles are fine and small, allowing for the simultaneous decomposition of the outer shell, middle, and core during heating. This prevents “overburning” of the shell or “underfiring” of the core, thereby improving the overall reactivity. Based on these findings, we propose that fine-grained, high-purity clastic-structured limestone is more favorable for producing high-activity quicklime.
Evaluation of Nanomagnetite–Biochar Composite for BTA Removal
Authors: Guida Carolina , Findling Nathaniel , Magnin Valérie , Favre Boivin Fabienne , Charlet Laurent
Published: January 2025

In this study, the removal of benzotriazole (BTA), a pervasive aquatic contaminant widely used for its anti-corrosion, UV-stabilizing, and antioxidant properties, by nanomagnetite, biochar, and nanomagnetite–biochar composite is investigated. Nanomagnetite and nanomagnetite–biochar composite were synthesized under anoxic conditions and tested for BTA removal efficiency at neutral pH under both oxic and anoxic conditions at different time scales. Within the short time scale (up to 8 h), the removal of BTA by nanomagnetite–biochar composite was shown to be due to BTA deprotonation by the nanomagnetite surface. Through proton liberation, Fe²⁺ is released in accordance with the reaction Fe₃O₄ + 2H⁺ → Fe₂O₃ + Fe²⁺ + H₂O, which likely influences BTA complexation and its possible redox degradation. On the longer time scale, biochar achieved higher removal efficiency: 50% BTA removed within 48 h, due to formation of a ternary complex with surface Ca2+ ions, or 75% BTA removed after HCl biochar acid wash followed by Ca2+ surface saturation. As BTA presents significant environmental risks due to its extensive industrial applications, the present study offers critical insights into the mechanisms of BTA removal by nanomagnetite–biochar composite, and highlights the potential of such materials for water treatment applications.
First-Principle Insights into Positive Triboelectrification of Polyoxymethylene Through Homolytic Bond Rupture
Authors: Fatti Giulio , Ko Hyunseok , Cho Sung Beom
Published: January 2025

Understanding the mechanism underlying triboelectrification (TE) in polymers is crucial for developing cheap and effective triboelectric nanogenerators. Finding out how a polymer becomes tribopositive is especially relevant, as most polymers tend to charge negatively, reducing the power output and the range of applications. Thus far, it has remained unclear whether TE in polymers is to be attributed to homolytic ion transfer, heterolytic material transfer, or electronic transfer. Investigating the triboelectrification mechanism of polyoxymethylene by first-principle investigations, this study reveals a novel pathway driven by homolytic bond rupture. Our study demonstrates that the homolytic cleavage of a C–H bond upon contact with a metal surface drives a rearrangement in the oxidation state of the carbon atom, leading its dangling bond to cede an electron to the countersurface, leading to significant positive charging of the POM. This mechanism aligns with the triboelectric series and experimental observations. These insights suggest that TE mechanisms can be more complicated than heterolytic material transfer, depending on material-specific composition and chemistry. This study potentially paves the way for designing materials with tailored triboelectric properties for enhanced nanogenerator performance.
Ethnic Differences in Facilitators and Barriers to Lifestyle Management After Childbirth: A Multi-Methods Study Using the TDF and COM-B Model
Authors: Chen Mingling , Makama Maureen , Skouteris Helen , Moran Lisa J. , Harrison Cheryce L. , Lim Siew
Published: January 2025

Background: Understanding ethnic differences in factors influencing healthy lifestyles postpartum is vital for informing effective lifestyle engagement strategies for women from specific ethnic groups. We aimed to explore ethnic differences in facilitators and barriers to lifestyle management among women after childbirth. Methods: In this multi-methods study, women within 5 years of childbirth in Australia were recruited in a cross-sectional survey (n = 478) and semi-structured interviews (n = 17). Ethnicity was categorised as Oceanian, Asian and Other, according to the Australian Bureau of Statistics. Chi-square tests were used to compare the survey responses between groups. Qualitative data were thematically analysed, with identified themes mapped to the Theoretical Domains Framework (TDF) and Capability, Opportunity, Motivation and Behaviour (COM-B) model. Results: Both Oceanian and Asian women had a range of facilitators and barriers to lifestyle management relating to capability (e.g., knowledge of a healthy lifestyle), opportunity (e.g., time availability) and motivation (e.g., enjoyment in exercise). However, Asian women were more likely to report knowing the importance of a healthy lifestyle (p = 0.026), having better practical skills (p = 0.004), having a flexible work arrangement (p = 0.008) and being able to access a conducive environment (p = 0.040) as important factors to maintain a healthy lifestyle, compared with Oceanian women. In addition, Asian women suggested a need to address cultural barriers around parenting and postpartum practices. Conclusions: Asian women encountered additional barriers to lifestyle management after childbirth compared with Oceanian women. Future interventions should integrate strategies corresponding to these challenges to improve lifestyle engagement in Asian women.
Curcumin-Loaded Lipid Nanoparticles: A Promising Antimicrobial Strategy Against Enterococcus faecalis in Endodontic Infections
Authors: Ferreira Sónia , Grenho Liliana , Fernandes Maria Helena , Lima Sofia A. Costa
Published: January 2025

Background/Objectives: This study aims to evaluate the efficacy of curcumin (CUR), a natural polyphenol with potent antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory properties, when formulated as solid lipid nanoparticles (CUR-loaded SLN) against Enterococcus faecalis. Methods: Solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNs) were prepared as a carrier for CUR, which significantly improved its solubility. SLNs made with cetyl palmitate and Tween 80 were obtained via the hot ultrasonication method. The physicochemical properties of CUR-loaded SLNs were evaluated, including their size, stability, and release profile. Antimicrobial testing was conducted against both sessile and planktonic E. faecalis populations. Cytotoxicity was assessed on human gingival fibroblasts. Results: The CUR-loaded SLNs exhibited about 200 nm and a −25 mV surface potential, and the encapsulation of CUR did not affect the physicochemical properties of SLNs. CURs were released from SLNs in a controlled and sustained manner over 100 h. The nanoparticles remained stable for at least two months when stored at 4 °C or 25 °C, making them suitable for clinical use. Antioxidant activity was confirmed through DPPH and ABTS assays. Free CUR significantly reduced the planktonic E. faecalis CFU counts by approximately 65% after 24 h of exposure. However, this inhibitory effect diminished with longer exposure times (48 and 72 h). Antimicrobial activity studies of CUR-loaded SLNs showed dose- and time-dependent effects, in the 2.5–10 µg/mL range, against both sessile and planktonic E. faecalis populations, over 24 to 72 h. The CUR-loaded SLNs showed good cytocompatibility with human fibroblasts up to 2.5 μg/mL, suggesting low toxicity. Conclusions: CUR-loaded SLNs demonstrate significant antimicrobial activity against E. faecalis, along with good cytocompatibility, indicating their potential as an effective adjunct therapy in endodontic treatments.
Enhancing Polylactic Acid (PLA) Performance: A Review of Additives in Fused Deposition Modelling (FDM) Filaments
Authors: Plamadiala Ioan , Croitoru Catalin , Pop Mihai Alin , Roata Ionut Claudiu
Published: January 2025

This review explores the impact of various additives on the mechanical properties of polylactic acid (PLA) filaments used in Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM) 3D printing. While PLA is favored for its biodegradability and ease of use, its inherent limitations in strength and heat resistance necessitate enhancements through additives. The impact of natural and synthetic fibers, inorganic particles, and nanomaterials on the mechanical properties, printability, and overall functionality of PLA composites was examined, indicating that fiber reinforcements, such as carbon and glass fibers, significantly enhance tensile strength and stiffness, while natural fibers contribute to sustainability but may compromise mechanical stability. Additionally, the inclusion of inorganic particulate fillers like calcium carbonate improves dimensional stability and printability, although larger particles can lead to agglomeration issues. The study highlights the potential for improved performance in specific applications while acknowledging the need for further investigation into optimal formulations and processing conditions.