bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Thermal Measurements on Polymeric Epoxy-Expandable Graphite Material
Authors: Asante Joseph , Modiba Fortunate , Mwakikunga Bonex
Published: September 2016

Combustion measurements, such as heat release rate, critical flux, time-to-ignition, ignition temperature, thermal inertia, and kinematics—activation energy as well as preexponential factor—on epoxy polymer (Prime™20LV) with expandable graphite (EG) inorganic filler of different weight percentage composites, are conducted using the Dual Cone Calorimeter, the thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and Linseis (Germany) THB100 Transient Hot Bridge thermal conductivity analyser. The results indicate that increasing the amount of EG in polymer composite leads to reduction in the critical flux, the time-to-ignition, the ignition temperature, the thermal inertia, the average thermal conductivity, and the activation energy (from 159.1 ± 2.3 to 145.9 ± 3.1 kJ/mol for neat epoxy to 3 wt.% EG-epoxy) of the composite samples. There is, however, an increase in the heat of gasification with increasing EG content.
Lower Limb Rehabilitation Using Patient Data
Authors: Rastegarpanah Alireza , Saadat Mozafar
Published: September 2016

The aim of this study is to investigate the performance of a 6-DoF parallel robot in tracking the movement of the foot trajectory of a paretic leg during a single stride. The foot trajectories of nine patients with a paretic leg including both males and females have been measured and analysed by a Vicon system in a gait laboratory. Based on kinematic and dynamic analysis of a 6-DoF UPS parallel robot, an algorithm was developed in MATLAB to calculate the length of the actuators and their required forces during all trajectories. The workspace and singularity points of the robot were then investigated in nine different cases. A 6-DoF UPS parallel robot prototype with high repeatability was designed and built in order to simulate a single stride. Results showed that the robot was capable of tracking all of the trajectories with the maximum position error of 1.2 mm.
A Novel Differential Log-Companding Amplifier for Biosignal Sensing
Authors: Dong Zigang , Zhou Xiaolin , Zhang Yuanting
Published: September 2016

We proposed a new method for designing the CMOS differential log-companding amplifier which achieves significant improvements in linearity, common-mode rejection ratio (CMRR), and output range. With the new nonlinear function used in the log-companding technology, this proposed amplifier has a very small total harmonic distortion (THD) and simultaneously a wide output current range. Furthermore, a differential structure with conventionally symmetrical configuration has been adopted in this novel method in order to obtain a high CMRR. Because all transistors in this amplifier operate in the weak inversion, the supply voltage and the total power consumption are significantly reduced. The novel log-companding amplifier was designed using a 0.18 μm CMOS technology. Improvements in THD, output current range, noise, and CMRR are verified using simulation data. The proposed amplifier operates from a 0.8 V supply voltage, shows a 6.3 μA maximum output current range, and has a 6 μW power consumption. The THD is less than 0.03%, the CMRR of this circuit is 74 dB, and the input referred current noise density is166.1 fA/Hz. This new method is suitable for biomedical applications such as electrocardiogram (ECG) signal acquisition.
Radiopacity of Methacrylate and Silorane Composite Resins Using a Digital Radiographic System
Authors: Firoozmand Leily Macedo , Cordeiro Mariana Gonçalves , Da Silva Marcos André dos Santos , De Jesus Tavarez Rudys Rodolfo , Matos Maia Filho Etevaldo
Published: September 2016

The aim of this study was to evaluate the radiopacity of silorane and methacrylate resin composites, comparing them to the enamel, dentin, and aluminum penetrometer using a digital image. From six resin composites (Filtek™P90, Filtek Z350, Filtek Z350 XT flow, Tetric Ceram, TPH Spectrum, and SureFil SDR flow) cylindrical disks (5 × 1 mm) were made and radiographed by a digital method, together with a 15-step aluminum step-wedge and a 1 mm slice of human tooth. The degree of radiopacity of each image was quantified using digital image processing. The mean values of the shades of gray of the tested materials were measured and the equivalent width of aluminum was calculated for each resin. The results of our work yielded the following radiopacity values, given here in descending order: Tetric Ceram > TPH > SDR > Z350 > Z350 flow > P90 > enamel > dentin. The radiopacity of the materials was different both for the enamel and for the dentin, except for resin P90, which was no different than enamel. In conclusion, silorane-based resin exhibited a radiopacity higher than dentin and closest to the enamel; a large portion of the methacrylate-based flow and conventional resins demonstrated greater radiopacity in comparison to dentin and enamel.
Analysis of a Decoupled Time-Stepping Scheme for Evolutionary Micropolar Fluid Flows
Authors: Ravindran S. S.
Published: September 2016

Micropolar fluid model consists of Navier-Stokes equations and microrotational velocity equations describing the dynamics of flows in which microstructure of fluid is important. In this paper, we propose and analyze a decoupled time-stepping algorithm for the evolutionary micropolar flow. The proposed method requires solving only one uncoupled Navier-Stokes and one microrotation subphysics problem per time step. We derive optimal order error estimates in suitable norms without assuming any stability condition or time step size restriction.
The Challenge of Developing Autophagy Inhibition as a Therapeutic Strategy
Authors: Gewirtz David A.
Published: September 2016

The finding that cancer chemotherapeutic drugs and ionizing radiation often promote autophagy has provided the foundation for clinical trials combining autophagy-blocking agents with antitumor drugs and radiation. The premise driving these trials is that therapy-induced autophagy is cytoprotective; consequently, inhibition of autophagy is anticipated to sensitize malignancies to therapy. However, it is well-established that autophagy may also mediate the toxicity of antitumor drugs while evidence also exists for a nonprotective function of autophagy. Consequently, given that it cannot be predicted what form autophagy will take upon treatment with chemotherapy or radiation, the current ongoing clinical trials are likely to generate contradictory or inconsistent results, with the potential consequence that autophagy inhibition could be dismissed as therapeutic strategy based on what are essentially false-negative outcomes. Appropriate interpretation of the outcomes of these trials would require knowledge as to whether the drugs or radiation used promote the cytoprotective form of autophagy in the tumor cells as well as whether the chloroquine or hydroxychloroquine actually inhibit the autophagy. Ultimately, it will be necessary to identify those patients for whom the strategy of autophagy inhibition would be anticipated to improve the response to therapy. However, this is currently not feasible in the absence of appropriate bioassays or predictive markers for characterization of the autophagy or the effectiveness of pharmacologic approaches for autophagy inhibition in the clinic. Cancer Res; 76(19); 5610–4. ©2016 AACR.
Identification of Circulating MiR-25 as a Potential Biomarker for Pancreatic Cancer Diagnosis
Authors: Deng Ting , Yuan Yaozong , Zhang Chunni , Zhang Chenyu , Yao Weiyan , Wang Cheng , Liu Rui , Ba Yi
Published: September 2016

Background: The aim of this study was to identify novel microRNAs for potential use in the diagnosis of pancreatic cancer (PaC). Methods: A total of 1063 serum samples from 303 patients with PaC were collected, and the expression level of miR-25 was measured using quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR). Results: We found that miR-25 had significant diagnostic value for the differential diagnosis of PaC in normal controls with an AUC (the area under the ROC curve) of 0.915 (95% CI: 0.893-0.937) that was significantly higher compared with an AUC of 0.725 for serum tumor marker carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) and an AUC of 0.844 for CA19-9. Conclusions: These data suggest that serum miR-25 has strong potential as a novel biomarker for the early detection of PaC.
Comparison of Clinical Efficacy of Cytarabine with Different Regimens in Postremission Consolidation Therapy for Adult t(8;21) AML Patients: A Multicenter Retrospective Study in China
Authors: Gong Dan , Li Wei , Hu Liang-Ding , Shen Jian-Liang , Fang Mei-Yun , Yang Qing-Ming , Wang Heng-Xiang , Ke Xiao-Yan , Chen Hui-Ren , Wang Zhao , Liu Hui , Liu Feng , Ma Yi-Gai , Wang Jing-Wen , Li Hong-Hua , Wang Quan-Shun , Jing Yu , Gao Xiao-Ning , Dou Li-Ping , Li Yong-Hui , Luo Jian-Min , Yu Li
Published: September 2016

Background: The survival of patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) with t(8;21) was reported to be shorter in China than in other countries. Patients: We analyzed the correlation between different cytarabine (Ara-c) regimens and outcome in 255 t(8;21) AML patients in China who received postremission consolidation chemotherapy only. Results: The 5-year overall survival (OS) of the high-dose Ara-c group (HDAC; 2≤ Ara-c ≤3 g/m2), intermediate-dose Ara-c group (MDAC; 1.0≤ Ara-c <2.0 g/m2), low-dose Ara-c group (LDAC; 0.2< Ara-c <1.0 g/m2) and standard-dose Ara-c group (SDAC; 0.1≤ Ara-c ≤0.2 g/m2) were 65.3, 39.4, 25.2 and 27.9%, respectively (p = 0.003). In the HDAC group, but not in the MDAC group, the 5-year OS of patients who achieved 3-4 cycles of chemotherapy was superior to those who underwent 1-2 cycles (84.4 vs. 43.6%, p < 0.05), and the 3-year OS of patients who achieved an accumulated 36 g/m2 of Ara-c was significantly higher compared to those who did not (85.3 vs. 39.2%, p < 0.05). Multivariate analysis indicated that factors such as WBC >3.5 × 109/l, PLT ≤30 × 109/l, and extramedullary infiltration were associated with a poor prognosis. Conclusion: The survival of t(8;21) AML patients treated with high-dose Ara-c (≥2 g/m2) was superior to other dose levels in postremission consolidation chemotherapy. Patient survival was improved by 3-4 cycles of chemotherapy with an accumulated concentration of 36 g/m2 of Ara-c. WBC >3.5 × 109/l, PLT ≤30 × 109/l and extramedullary infiltration could be indicative of a poor clinical prognosis.
Fine Motor Function Skills in Patients with Parkinson Disease with and without Mild Cognitive Impairment
Authors: Dahdal Philippe , Meyer Antonia , Chaturvedi Menorca , Nowak Karolina , Roesch Anne D. , Fuhr Peter , Gschwandtner Ute
Published: September 2016

Aims: The objective of this study was to investigate the relation between impaired fine motor skills in Parkinson disease (PD) patients and their cognitive status, and to determine whether fine motor skills are more impaired in PD patients with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) than in non-MCI patients. Methods: Twenty PD MCI and 31 PD non-MCI patients (mean age 66.7 years, range 50-84, 36 males/15 females), all right-handed, took part in a motor performance test battery. Steadiness, precision, dexterity, velocity of arm-hand movements, and velocity of wrist-finger movements were measured and compared across groups and analyzed for confounders (age, sex, education, severity of motor symptoms, and disease duration). Statistical analysis included t tests corrected for multiple testing, and a linear regression with stepwise elimination procedure was used to select significant predictors for fine motor function. Results: PD MCI patients performed significantly worse in precision (p < 0.05), dexterity (p < 0.05), and velocity (arm-hand movements; p < 0.05) compared to PD non-MCI patients. The fine motor function skills were confounded by age. Conclusions: Fine motor skills in PD MCI patients are impaired compared to PD non-MCI patients. Investigating the relation between the fine motor performance and MCI in PD might be a relevant subject for future research.
Carcinoma Showing Thymus-Like Differentiation (CASTLE): Cytopathological Features and Differential Diagnosis
Authors: Collins Jennifer A. , Ping Bo , Bishop Justin A. , Ali Syed Z.
Published: September 2016

Background: CASTLE (carcinoma showing thymus-like differentiation) is a rare tumor (accounting for less than 0.15% of thyroid neoplasms) with most of the reported cases from Asia. Although this tumor is rare, distinguishing it from more aggressive neoplasms is critical because of its improved prognosis. To date, there have been limited studies on its cytomorphological features. Herein, we review the cytomorphological features of 10 fine-needle aspiration (FNA) cases of histologically confirmed CASTLE and discuss the findings in light of the current literature. Methods: We retrospectively (1989-2016) identified 10 cases of CASTLE from 17,415 surgical cases of thyroid carcinoma from The Johns Hopkins Hospital and Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center. The cases were reviewed for discrete cytomorphological characteristics. Results: All of the cases displayed predominantly single (dishesive) epithelial cell populations, high nuclear/cytoplasmic ratios, hyperchromatic to open/vesicular nuclei and macronucleoli. The majority of cases additionally showed hypercellular, three-dimensional fragments in a background of lymphocytes. The fragments displayed syncytial architecture without molding and rarely squamous differentiation. All cases lacked follicular differentiation, intranuclear inclusions, nuclear molding, or neuroendocrine-type chromatin. Conclusions: Cytopathological features alone do not appear to be distinctive or definitive of CASTLE but rather allow for the inclusion of CASTLE within the differential diagnosis. Procurement of cell block material is important and resulted in the single case of CASTLE accurately diagnosed on FNA. Cytopathological features that favored CASTLE included syncytial fragments of malignant cells with pleomorphic large nuclei, vesicular chromatin, and prominent nucleoli in a background of lymphocytes. These cytopathological findings in the appropriate clinicoradiological context warrant its inclusion in the reported differential diagnosis in order to be able to implement appropriate clinical management.
Avaliação da fosfatase alcalina óssea e hepática em gatos com tirotoxicose induzida
Authors: Costa Fabiano Séllos , Cardoso Mauro José Lahm , Muniz Lucy Marie Ribeiro , Vulcano Luiz Carlos , Ramos Paulo Roberto Rodrigues , Justulin Junior Luís Antonio , Felisbino Sérgio Luís , Santos Warley Gomes dos
Published: September 2016

A tirotoxicose é caracterizada pelas excessivas concentrações séricas dos hormônios tiroidianos, podendo desencadear graves alterações no metabolismo ósseo, sendo a elevação da fosfatase alcalina total uma alteração laboratorial freqüentemente observada no hipertiroidismo felino. O aumento global dos níveis séricos de fosfatase alcalina pode ser decorrente de diferentes isoenzimas e, no caso do hipertiroidismo em humanos, as isoenzimas de origem óssea e hepática apresentam-se comumente elevadas. A partir da avaliação da bioquímica sérica de oito gatos com tirotoxicose induzida e elevação da fosfatase alcalina associada, o presente trabalho demonstra um aumento significativamente maior dos níveis séricos da fosfatase alcalina de origem óssea quando comparado com a isoenzima de origem hepática. Conclui-se que as alterações no metabolismo ósseo foram as principais responsáveis pelo aumento da fosfatase alcalina nos gatos com tirotoxicose induzida.
Efeito de um complexo homeopático"Homeobase Convert H®" em ovinos sob condições de restrição alimentar
Authors: Chabel José Carlos , Onselen Valter Joost van , Morais Maria Da Graça , Cortada Neto Ibrahim Miranda , Tedeschi Bruno Pinheiro
Published: September 2016

Avaliou-se o efeito de um complexo homeopático em ovinos distribuídos em quatro grupos: sem homeopatia e com restrição alimentar (A1B2); com homeopatia e com restrição alimentar (A2B2); com homeopatia e sem restrição alimentar (A2B1) e sem homeopatia e sem restrição alimentar (A1B1). Com 30 dias de restrição alimentar o grupo A2B2 apresentou nível sérico de cortisol semelhante (p>0,05) aos dos grupos A2B1 e A1B1, o que se observou no grupo A1B2 somente com 75 dias. Aos 15 dias após primovacinação todos os grupos possuíam anticorpos acima do nível mínimo de proteção de 0,5UI/mL. As concentrações médias de anticorpos atingiram níveis abaixo do mínimo de proteção aos 30 dias em alguns animais de todos os grupos e, somente o grupo A2B2 manteve a média acima deste nível durante os 90 dias de avaliação. O indicativo de diferença (p=0,054) entre a média da titulação de anticorpos do grupo A2B2 e os demais grupos, seis dias pós-vacinação, sugere que a proteção neste grupo ocorreu em menor tempo do que nos demais grupos. Os modelos de regressão estimam concentrações séricas de anticorpos maiores para os grupos A2B1 e A2B2, em relação aos grupos A1B2 e A1B1, obtendo-se, aos 15; 30 e 45 dias pós-vacinação, indicativos de diferenças entre as suas médias (p=0,067; p=0,091 e p<0,05 respectivamente). Conclui-se que complexo homeopático, ministrado a ovinos sob restrição alimentar, possui efeito sobre o estresse, reduzindo a concentração sérica de cortisol e promovendo uma maior concentração sérica de anticorpos.
Avaliação clínica e hemodinâmica periparto de fêmeas bovinas da raça Holandesa em diferentes condições obstétricas
Authors: Rodrigues Jaqueline Aguiar , Lúcio Cristina De Fátima , Silva Liege Cristina Garcia , Veiga Gisele Almeida Lima , Niemeyer Cláudia , Vannucchi Camila Infantosi
Published: September 2016

As distocias na espécie bovina são normalmente corrigidas por manobras obstétricas, sendo a extração forçada um procedimento obstétrico de risco, podendo causar injúrias tanto maternas quanto fetais. Partos induzidos com administração de ocitocina exógena nas inércias uterinas podem levar ao comprometimento fetal pela hipotensão e bradicardia materna, pois a ocitocina participa de regulações endócrinas e neuroendócrinas de órgãos como o coração e rins. O objetivo deste estudo foi comparar as mensurações de frequência cardíaca (FC), pressão arterial não-invasiva (PA) e eletrocardiograma de fêmeas bovinas da raça Holandesa agrupadas segundo a condição obstétrica: eutocia (G EUT; n = 10); distocia com manobra obstétrica (G DIST; n = 10); inércia uterina com infusão de ocitocina (G OCT; n = 10); nos seguintes momentos: pré-parto, intraparto, pós-parto imediato e uma hora após o parto. Os traçados eletrocardiográficos denotaram ritmo sinusal normal em todos os períodos. Observou-se taquicardia em todos os grupos, sendo que apenas no G OCT a FC pós-parto (111 ± 23 bpm) elevou-se estatisticamente em relação ao pré-parto (94 ± 11 bpm). Houve acréscimo significativo da PA no intraparto do G DIST (PA média = 101 ± 24 mmHg), decorrente de contrações uterinas e abdominais mais intensas. As fêmeas bovinas do Grupo OCT não apresentaram aumento significativo da PA diastólica intraparto em relação ao pré-parto como observado nos G EUT e G DIST. Os resultados apresentados demonstram que a distocia com correção manual eleva a pressão arterial das fêmeas bovinas, enquanto a administração de ocitocina altera momentaneamente as variáveis hemodinâmicas com possível efeito bradicárdico e hipotensor intraparto, impondo adaptação circulatória materna frente às alterações do parto.
Prevalência das arritmas cardíacas e distúrbios de condução em cães e gatos em Botucatu, Brasil (2003-2007)
Authors: Aptekmann Karina Preising , Vailati Maria Do Carmo Fernandez , Fortuna Thatiana De Oliveira Moura , Schwartz Denise Saretta
Published: September 2016

As arritmias cardíacas são anormalidades eletrocardiográficas de importância na clínica de pequenos animais, visto que algumas delas podem ocasionar situações graves, podendo desencadear parada cardíaca e morte. Para uma melhor conduta terapêutica, torna-se indispensável o reconhecimento dessas alterações e da frequência com que elas ocorrem. Este estudo teve como objetivo determinar a prevalência das arritmias cardíacas em cães e gatos no período de janeiro de 2003 a abril de 2007, por meio da avaliação retrospectiva dos exames eletrocardiográficos registrados neste período no Hospital Veterinário da UNESP - Botucatu - SP. Na população estudada, os distúrbios de ritmo mais comuns foram a taquicardia sinusal e complexos ventriculares prematuros em cães e ritmo sinoventricular em gatos.
Diferentes fontes e níveis de selênio sobre o desempenho de frangos de corte
Authors: Funari Junior Pascoal , Albuquerque Ricardo De , Alves Flávio Rocha , Murarolli Vinícius Diogo Azevedo , Trindade Neto Messias Alves da , Silva Evanildo Moreira da
Published: September 2016

As pesquisas em nutrição de frangos de corte estão em busca de ajustes que forneçam às aves os nutrientes necessários para um ótimo desempenho produtivo. Neste contexto, a utilização de microminerais orgânicos vem ganhando força e se mostrando uma alternativa para aumentar a produção. O presente estudo teve como objetivo avaliar os efeitos de três fontes e dois níveis de selênio sobre o desempenho de frangos de corte. Foram utilizados 1440 pintos de um dia, machos, criados até os 42 dias. O delineamento experimental foi inteiramente casualizado com seis dietas experimentais (A: 0,15 mg/kg Se inorgânico; B: 0,15 mg/kg Se orgânico; C: 0,15 mg/kg Se inorg. + orgânico; D: 0,45 mg/kg Se inorgânico; E: 0,45 mg/kg Se orgânico; F: 0,45 mg/kg Se inorg.+ orgânico) e seis repetições com 40 aves cada. Foi utilizado um arranjo fatorial 3 x 2 e os dados obtidos foram analisados pelo Statistical Analysis System. Quanto ao desempenho, considerando-se o período total de criação, houve efeito do nível de Se sobre o ganho de peso (GP) e ganho médio diário (GMD); a conversão alimentar foi a única variável que apresentou interação entre fonte e nível de Se, sendo que as variáveis de peso somente apresentaram efeito do nível de inclusão, mostrando que fonte e nível de Se são fatores que juntos podem exercer influência sobre o desempenho dos animais.
Classificação citológica dos linfomas caninos
Authors: Suzano Sara Maria de Carvalho e , Sequeira Julio Lopes , Rocha Noemi Sousa , Pessoa Adriana Wanderley de Pinho
Published: September 2016

Os linfomas estão entre as neoplasias mais frequentes na espécie canina. Do ponto de vista etiológico, epidemiológico, clínico, morfológico e imunofenotípico, os linfomas caninos apresentam muitas semelhanças com os linfomas não-Hodgkin humanos e os esquemas de classificação destes têm sido utilizados na espécie canina. O objetivo do presente trabalho foi aplicar aos linfomas caninos as classificações de Kiel, Working Formulation e Fournel-Fleury et al. (1994), em material colhido pelo método da PAAF (Punção Aspirativa por Agulha Fina). De acordo com a Classificação de Kiel, 61,02% (36 casos) das neoplasias se enquadram como de grau alto 38,98% (23 casos) como de grau baixo. Segundo a Classificação da Working Formulation, 11,86% (sete casos) foram classificados linfomas de grau baixo, 61,02% (36 casos) de grau intermediário e 27,12% (16 casos) de grau alto. Utilizando a classificação proposta por Fournel-Fleury et al. (1994), 38,98% (23 casos) dos animais que apresentaram linfomas de grau baixo e 61,02% (36 casos) de grau intermediário ou alto. Concluindo, a PAAF é um método de diagnóstico que pode ser empregado na classificação dos linfomas caninos. A classificação que mostrou melhores resultados foi a de Kiel, que tem por característica principal a ênfase nos achados citológicos.
Anticorpos anti-Leptospira spp. em animais selvagens do zoológico municipal de Ribeirão Preto, estado de São Paulo, Brasil
Authors: Silva Carolina Dos Santos , Gírio Raul José Silva , Guerra Neto Guilherme , Brich Michelle , Santana Lucas Alves de Souza , Amâncio Fábio Henrique , Mariani Julia Rassi , Wessort Pedro Meirelles Favaretto
Published: September 2016

A leptospirose acomete todos os animais domésticos, selvagens e os seres humanos. Alguns estudos sorológicos realizados têm demonstrado o envolvimento de espécies selvagens na epidemiologia da doença. Uma vez que populações cativas de animais selvagens são pouco estudadas, principalmente no Brasil, o presente estudo teve como objetivo a detecção de anticorpos anti-Leptospira spp. em animais selvagens de cativeiro e de vida livre do Zoológico Municipal de Ribeirão Preto, estado de São Paulo, Brasil. Durante o período de março a outubro de 2006 foram colhidas 403 amostras de sangue das quais 388 animais (110 répteis, 143 aves, 110 mamíferos e 25 peixes) e 15 amostras de funcionários do zoológico Dentre as 388 amostras de animais, 339 eram animais cativos e 49 eram animais de vida livre capturados pelo uso de armadilhas. Os soros sanguíneos foram analisados por meio da prova de Soroaglutinação Microscópica (SAM) utilizando-se antígenos de 22 sorovares de leptospiras patogênicas e dois sorovares de leptospiras não patogênicas. Foram reagentes para leptospirose 103 (103/388 = 26,5%) amostras, sendo 92 (92/339 = 27,1%) amostras de animais cativos e 11 (11/49 = 22,4%) de animais de vida livre. As 15 amostras de soro humanas foram negativas. Os títulos sorológicos nas amostras reagentes variaram de 40 a 5.120 com predominância dos títulos 40 e 80 e os sorovares Patoc, Andamana, Canicola, Icterohaemorrhagiae e Panama foram os mais frequentes.
Transgender, Culture, and Social Class in Early Twentieth Century’s Mecca
Authors: El-Zein Amira
Published: September 2016

This paper examines the theme of androgyny in the novelKhatamby the Saudi writer Raja Alem. It applies the theories of post-feminists such as Judith Butler and Kate Bornstein and Jungian writers such as June Singer and Erich Neumann. It also draws on theories of gendered space using the works of Foucault.

The paper elucidates how the author used the theme of androgyny to unveil the biased patriarchal power in Meccan society at the turn of the twentieth century. Furthermore, it argues that through exploring the complex character of her androgynous heroine, Khatam, Alem intended to reach beyond gender proper in order to reclaim Khatam’s humanity. The paper also investigates the question of social classes in early twentieth century Mecca, with particular focus on slavery andashrâf(nobles).
“Hassiba Ben Bouali, If You Could See Our Algeria”
Authors: Slyomovics Susan
Published: September 2016

Reprinted from the 1995 Middle East Report special issue on Algeria, this essay asks how to interpret Algerian feminists of the early 1990s holding public demonstrations in the name of Hassiba Ben Bouali, a moudjahida killed by the French during the Battle of Algiers in 1956–1957? Women’s movement into public space exposes the interplay among Algerian society’s spatial arrangements, the status of women, and the ideological underpinnings of the Algerian state since independence. What are the complex ways women must negotiate either acceptance into masculine space or valorize their own internalized perceptions as intruders disturbing the equilibrium of a regulated, single-sex, urban milieu?
Comparative morphology of leaf epidermis in 34 species of Maianthemum (Asparagaceae, Polygonateae) and their systematic significance
Authors: MENG YING , WANG JIA-JIAN , NIE ZE-LONG
Published: September 2016

To investigate the possibility of using leaf epidermal characters for species identification in developing a classification for Maianthemum, we examined leaf epidermal features from across the geographic distribution of the genus, including sampling of 34 species, one subspecies and one variety, and used light and scanning electron microscopy to make observations of these features. Our results suggest that the shape of epidermal cells, and anticlinal walls on both the abaxial and adaxial leaf surface have systematic significance for defining Maianthemum taxa and are congruent with clades inferred using molecular phylogenetics. The pattern of anticlinal walls in the genus seems to be related to the geographic distribution and environmental conditions. Other characters yielded in this study including anomocytic stomata, elliptic to narrow elliptic guard cells, wrinkled, striate or nearly smooth cuticle, smooth or sinuolate to erose inner margin of the outer stomatal rim, are not useful for taxon circumscription in the genus.
Peliosanthes separata (Asparagaceae), a new species from Laos with rare structure of androecium
Authors: VISLOBOKOV NIKOLAY A.
Published: September 2016

Region of SE Asia is a hot spot of biodiversity for such genera of Asparagaceae as Aspidistra Ker Gawler (1822: 628), Peliosanthes Andrews (1808: 605) and Tupistra Ker Gawler (1814: 1655) (Averyanov & Тanaka 2012, Averyanov et al. 2013, 2015a, 2015b, Vislobokov et al. 2014, 2016, Vislobokov 2015), which were considered earlier within Convallariaceae s.str. (Dahlgren 1989).
Lifting the curtain on our knowledge on New Guinean Benstonea (Pandanaceae)
Authors: CALLMANDER MARTIN W. , KEIM ARY P. , HEATUBUN CHARLIE D. , HOMOT PETER , BUERKI SVEN
Published: September 2016

New Guinea is one of the centres of diversity of Benstonea (Pandanaceae), a genus distributed from India to Fiji. Ten species were previously recognised on this island and further field observations, accompanied by the study of available herbarium material have brought new insights into species delimitations within a group of caespitose species with a solitary terminal infructescence. The taxonomical identity of Benstonea odoardoi is elucidated and is considered here as a synonym of Benstonea lauterbachii. Three new combinations and a new name—based on names of Pandanus species previously treated as synonyms of Benstonea odoardoi—are proposed for four distinct species belonging to this group of caespitose species and restricted to Indonesian New Guinea and Papua New Guinea. Finally, Pandanus bintuniensis is here considered as a synonym of Benstonea permicron.
The Relationship between Sea Surface Temperature and Maximum Intensification Rate of Tropical Cyclones in the North Atlantic
Authors: Xu Jing , Wang Yuqing , Tan Zhe-Min
Published: September 2016

An empirical relationship between sea surface temperature (SST) and the maximum potential intensification rate (MPIR) of tropical cyclones (TCs) over the North Atlantic has been developed based on the best-track TC data and the observed SST during 1988–2014. Similar to the empirical relationship between SST and the maximum potential intensity of TCs previously documented, results from this study show a nonlinear increasing trend of the MPIR with increasing SST, with a more rapid increasing trend when SST is higher than 27°C. Further analyses indicate that about 28% of intensifying TCs over the North Atlantic reached 50% of their MPIR and only 7% reached 80% of their MPIR at the time when they were at their lifetime maximum intensification rates. Moreover, a TC tended to have a larger intensification rate when it was located in regions with higher SST and lower vertical wind shear (VWS). This indicates that although the MPIR–SST relationship is much stronger than that for the IR rate versus SST for most TCs, the actual intensification rate of a TC is determined by not only the SST but also other environmental effects, such as VWS. Additional results from a simplified dynamical system previously developed for TC intensity prediction suggest an SST-dependent TC MPIR, similar to that fitted from observations. However, the MPIR obtained from the observational fitting seems to underestimate the MPIR in regions with low SST at higher latitudes where VWS is often large. Nevertheless, this study provides the observational evidence for the existence of the MPIR for TCs.
The Effect of Southern Ocean Surface Buoyancy Loss on the Deep-Ocean Circulation and Stratification
Authors: Jansen Malte F. , Nadeau Louis-Philippe
Published: September 2016

The deep-ocean circulation and stratification have likely undergone major changes during past climates, which may have played an important role in the modulation of atmospheric CO2 concentrations. The mechanisms by which the deep-ocean circulation changed, however, are still poorly understood and represent a major challenge to the understanding of past and future climates. This study highlights the importance of the integrated buoyancy loss rate around Antarctica in modulating the abyssal circulation and stratification. Theoretical arguments and idealized numerical simulations suggest that enhanced buoyancy loss around Antarctica leads to a strong increase in the abyssal stratification, consistent with proxy observations for the last glacial maximum. Enhanced buoyancy loss moreover leads to a contraction of the middepth overturning cell and thus upward shift of North Atlantic Deep Water (NADW). The abyssal overturning cell initially expands to fill the void. However, if the buoyancy loss rate further increases, the abyssal cell also contracts, leaving a “dead zone” with vanishing meridional flow at middepth.
A Consistent AVHRR Visible Calibration Record Based on Multiple Methods Applicable for the NOAA Degrading Orbits. Part II: Validation
Authors: Doelling David R. , Bhatt Rajendra , Scarino Benjamin R. , Gopalan Arun , Haney Conor O. , Minnis Patrick , Bedka Kristopher M.
Published: September 2016

Consistent cross-sensor Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR) calibration coefficients are determined using desert, polar ice, and deep convective cloud (DCC) invariant Earth targets. The greatest AVHRR calibration challenge is the slow orbit degradation of the host satellite, which precesses toward a terminator orbit. This issue is solved by characterizing the invariant targets with NOAA-16 AVHRR observed radiances that have been referenced to the Aqua Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectrometer (MODIS) calibration using simultaneous nadir overpass (SNO) observations. Another benefit of the NOAA-16 invariant target–modeled reflectance method is that, because of the similarities among the AVHRR spectral response functions, a smaller spectral band adjustment factor is required than when establishing calibrations relative to a non-AVHRR reference instrument. The sensor- and band-specific calibration uncertainties, with respect to the calibration reference, are, on average, 2% and 3% for channels 1 and 2, respectively. The uncertainties are smaller for sensors that are in afternoon orbits, have longer records, and spend less time in terminator conditions.

The multiple invariant targets referenced to Aqua MODIS (MITRAM) AVHRR calibration coefficients are evaluated for individual target consistency, compared against Aqua MODIS/AVHRR SNOs, and selected published calibration gains. The MITRAM and SNO relative calibration biases mostly agree to within 1% for channels 1 and 2, respectively. The individual invariant target and MITRAM sensor relative calibration biases are mostly consistent to within 1% and 2% for channels 1 and 2, respectively. The differences between the MITRAM and other published calibrations are mostly attributed to the reference instrument calibration differences.
Fatigue analysis of notched laminates: A time-efficient macro-mechanical approach
Authors: Naghipour Paria , Pineda Evan J , Bednarcyk Brett A , Arnold Steven M , Waas Anthony M
Published: September 2016

A coupled, transversely isotropic, deformation and damage fatigue model has been implemented within the finite element method and utilized, along with a static progressive damage model, to predict the fatigue life, stiffness degradation as a function of number of cycles, and post-fatigue tension and compression response of notched, multidirectional laminates. The material parameters for the fatigue model were obtained utilizing ply-level classical lamination theory simulations and the provided [0], [90] and [±45] experimental composite laminate S–N data. Within the fatigue damage model, the transverse and shear stiffness properties of the plies were degraded with an isotropic scalar damage variable. The stiffness damage in the longitudinal (fiber) ply direction was suppressed, and instead the strength of the fiber was degraded as a function of fatigue cycles. A maximum strain criterion was used to capture the failure in each element, and once this criterion was satisfied, the longitudinal stiffness of the element was eliminated. The resulting, degraded properties were then used to calculate the new stress state. This procedure was repeated until final failure of the composite laminate was achieved or a specified number of cycles was reached. For post-fatigue tension and compression behavior, four internal state variables were used to control the damage and failure. The predictive capability of the above-mentioned approach was assessed by performing blind predictions of notched multidirectional IM7/977-3 composite laminate response under fatigue and post-fatigue tensile and compressive loading, followed by a recalibration phase. Tabulated data along with detailed results (i.e. stress–strain curves as well as damage evolution states at given number of cycles compared to experimental data) for all laminates are presented.
Dividing the Sunday from the week: Sabbath as arduous eschatological way-making
Authors: Jackson Doug
Published: September 2016

Exegetes often read Jesus’ defense of his disciples for “harvesting” grain (Mark 2.23–27) as a straightforward story of the irrelevance of Sabbath laws under the new covenant. As Mikeal Parsons correctly points out, the story is really not about whether or not the Sabbath matters, but about who will be the Lord who determines how the Sabbath is observed. Beyond that, the passage deals with the nature of Christian Sabbath as arduous way-making for the coming of the Messiah-King. This reading of the story invites Christians to ask what specific forms of Sabbath labor they can undertake to prepare a way for the Lord’s coming. Through a brief study of Jesus’ life from the Markan perspective, the stories of the Desert Fathers and Mothers, and the spiritual theology of Saint John of the Cross, the ancient Christian practices of silence and solitude emerge as powerful forms of Sabbath-keeping.
Rooted in relationship: Longevity in congregational ministry
Authors: Reed Angela
Published: September 2016

Vocational congregational ministry presents several unique challenges that test a minister’s fortitude and commitment. A considerable number of novice ministers who are gifted for the work and sense a calling from God embrace their first congregational positions with enthusiasm, but leave the ministry after only a few years. This raises an important question: What personal or communal practices and processes help support vocational ministry over a lifetime? This article addresses this question by considering specific challenges faced by congregational ministers and analyzing the stories of ministers who are flourishing in ministry over time. These stories are drawn from interviews with ten Texas Baptist ministers who have served in congregations for at least twenty years. The ministers spoke about personal and communal spiritual practices, lifestyle habits, vocational crises, the role of calling, relational dynamics, and characteristics of congregations. The author concludes that developing healthy relationships with God, family and friends, congregational members, and one’s own self is an essential foundation for thriving in congregational ministry over the long haul.
The Pros and Cons of Fair Value Accounting in a Globalized Economy
Authors: Marra Antonio
Published: September 2016

Fair Value Accounting is not a new concept, either in business decisions or in financial reporting. Nonetheless, due to big changes that took place over the last 20 to 30 years in the worldwide economy and the influence of the 2007 financial crisis, it has reemerged as one of the “hottest topics” on the agenda of Accounting Standards setters both under U.S. Generally Accepted Accounting Principles (GAAP) and International Financial Reporting Standard (IFRS). Current research seems well balanced across the pros and cons of fair value, lending ammunition both to those “in favor” and to the “opponents” of fair value accounting. Subjectivity, estimates, and managerial discretion permeate the concept, definition, and measurements of fair value, leaving such measurements open to an aggressive use of judgment and estimates. However, fair value accounting is more closely related to the needs of a globalized and information-based economy and is likely to grow in importance and use in the future. This article discusses evidence and summarizes some current papers on the informational impact of fair value measurements on market participants.
Impacted thoracic foreign bodies after penetrating chest trauma
Authors: Sersar Sameh I , Albohiri Khalid A , Abdelmohty Hysam
Published: September 2016

Background

Retained foreign bodies in the chest may include shell fragments, bullets, shrapnel, pieces of clothing, bones, and rib fragments. The risks of removal of foreign bodies must be weighed against the complications of leaving them inside the chest.

Methods

We treated 90 cases of retained intrathoracic foreign bodies in patients admitted to 3 tertiary centers in Saudi Arabia between March 2015 and March 2016. Sixty patients were injured by shrapnel, 26 had one or more bullets, 3 had broken rib fragments, and one had a metal screw. The chest wall was site of impaction in 48 cases, the lungs in 24, pleura in 14, and mediastinum in 4.

Results

Removal of the retained foreign body was carried out in 12 patients only: bullets in 9 cases, bone fragments in 2, and a metal screw in one. The predictors for removal were bullets, female sex, and mediastinal position with bilateral chest injury, especially with fracture ribs.

Conclusion

Retained intrathoracic foreign bodies due to penetrating chest trauma are treated mainly conservatively unless there is another indication for chest exploration.
Examining the roles young people fulfill in five types of cyber bullying
Authors: Betts Lucy R. , Gkimitzoudis Athanasios , Spenser Karin A. , Baguley Thom
Published: September 2016

The roles that young people fulfill in face-to-face bullying have been well documented and there is some evidence that young people take on similar roles in cyber bullying. A person-centered analytical approach was adopted to identify the roles that young people fulfill across five different types of cyber bullying assessed for up to nine media. Four hundred and forty (281 females and 154 males) 16- to 19-year-olds completed measures to assess their involvement in various types of cyber bullying and across the various media. Cluster analysis identified four distinct groups: “not involved,” “rarely victim and bully,” “typically victim,” and “retaliator.” Two thirds of the sample reported some involvement in cyber bullying. Distinct patterns emerged for each group according to the type of cyber bullying. The lack of a clear bully group and the presence of the retaliator group strengthen the growing evidence base that young people may cyber bully others as a mechanism of retaliation when they are the victim of cyber bullying.
Investigating what happened: On truth commissions in processes of transition
Authors: Jelin Elizabeth
Published: September 2016

Periods of intense political conflict, violence and state terrorism leave a legacy that transitional regimes must address. This legacy involves divided societies, victims of abuses, perpetrators who may live with impunity (when amnesties have been implemented) or may face different forms of justice and punishment, and movements and organizations that demand state action to address the past through a variety of possible policies. Based on the cases of investigative commissions (so-called truth commissions) in Argentina and Brazil, the article discusses the historically specific and contextual nature of these victim-centered institutions.
Modernity, horses and history in Joseph Roth’s Radetzkymarsch
Authors: Niland Richard , Murgatroyd Nicholas
Published: September 2016

Exploring the subject of horses in Joseph Roth’s best-known novel Radetzkymarsch (1932), this essay examines how Roth’s experience of and response to modernity can be understood through his treatment of the equine. While horses constitute an important subject for Roth in the urban context of his journalism and early fiction in the years following the First World War, in which he offers a politically charged lament for the decline of the horse in quotidian European urban culture, Radetzkymarsch uses the equine to connect to both historical tradition and pre-modernity, while also sceptically interrogating Habsburg imperialism in its end days. Drawing on recent work in Roth scholarship, Austrian cultural history and animal studies, this essay examines how the horse becomes a complex symbol not only for the decline of the Habsburg empire, but of the strain which modernity places on the values of the past.
Commentary
Authors: Montgomery Alyssa , Dumont Ron , Willis John O.
Published: September 2016

The articles presented in this Special Issue provide evidence for many statistically significant relationships among error scores obtained from the Kaufman Test of Educational Achievement, Third Edition (KTEA)-3 between various groups of students with and without disabilities. The data reinforce the importance of examiners looking beyond the standard scores when analyzing results. Although the data in these articles are powerful by themselves, this commentary explores the potential advantages of considering additional information to increase the practicality of these results. Although statistical significance may provide evidential validity of the results, and the articles inform clinical practice and offer valuable leads for further research that should be pursued, the present authors question whether the data as presented provide sufficient information to determine the predictive and practical utility of these initial results. The next step, we believe, is to extend these novel approaches to data from larger, carefully defined samples of students with specific learning challenges and disabilities.
Buttock Augmentation
Authors: Solomon George
Published: September 2016

Fat transfer to enhance buttocks is becoming a popular procedure. The process of transferring a large amount of fat to the tissue is tedious, time consuming, and at times, cumbersome8. Additionally, it requires more staff and a lot of supplies. This paper presents an innovative method to harvest the fat using a power assisted system in a sterile closed canister. Subsequently, the fat is transferred to the desired tissue using the same power assisted system. This method is safe, effective, economic, time efficient and provides less risk of infection than the traditional method.
Fat Tissue Pulmonary Embolism Syndrome
Authors: Shiffman Melvin A.
Published: September 2016

Recently there have been cases reported that involve fat tissue embolization to the lung. The author has collected 7 total cases and no patient has survived. The cases are all presented in as much detail as possible with the information available. The anatomical explanation of embolization is described as well as the clinical manifestations and possible means of reducing the risk.
A Statistical Meta-analysis of the Design Components of New Urbanism on Housing Prices
Authors: Park Yunmi , Huang Shih-Kai , Newman Galen D.
Published: September 2016

The principles of New Urbanism such as increased density, mixed land uses, and street connectivity are often recommended in response to the typical conditions of suburban developments. Much current empirical research has begun to test whether these principles can increase property values. The findings of these studies have, however, been quite inconsistent. This research attempts to quantitatively synthesize these conflicting findings through a statistical meta-analysis. This study finds that a lower density, decreased street connectivity, and a closer proximity to a transit stop can contribute to increased housing premiums, while mixed land uses are not shown to always do so.