bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
An Innovative Harmonic-Based Approach for Inrush Current Detection in Low-loss Transformers
Authors: Sanati Dr. Saeed , Ahmadi Alireza , Sanaye-Pasand Majid
Published: September 2023

Transformer inrush current occurs due to the saturation of magnetic
core. The magnetic characteristic of the core directly affects the
inrush current waveform. Second harmonic and higher-order harmonics are
present in the inrush harmonic spectrum. A harmonic-based method
analyzing the amplitude and phase of different harmonics is presented in
this paper. Based on the proposed method, the differences between the
harmonic spectrum of new low-loss and previous generation materials are
investigated. Then, using the patterns of 1st to 10th harmonic phases, a
novel method for inrush current detection is proposed. In the proposed
method, possible patterns for the harmonic phases related to the inrush
current are specified. The harmonic phases are compared with those
specified patterns. In the case of matching, the inrush current
condition is detected. To evaluate the theoretical principles,
simulations are performed, also, the proposed method is applied to the
field data to assess the practical performance, and results are
presented.
Factores de la producción agrícola: un estudio estadístico y algorítmico a los cultivos permanentes
Authors:   Universidad Técnica de Ambato, Villacis Uvidia Juan Federico , Lara Haro Diego Marcelo ,   Universidad Técnica de Ambato, Martínez Mesías Juan Pablo ,   Universidad Técnica de Ambato, Nelson Lascano Aimacaña Nelson ,   Universidad Técnica de Ambato
Published: September 2023

La agricultura ha concebido radical éxito al abordar las necesidades de las fibras poblacionales, empero, la población mundial actual requiere que exista una mejora sustancial de sus procesos productivos, derivados de los requerimientos económicos, degradación ambiental y sensibilidad del estrato social. Con lo argumentado, el estudio se plantea como objetivo general indagar mediante modelos estadísticos y algorítmicos el comportamiento de los factores de producción de los cultivos permanentes en el volumen cosechado. Para la resolución del objetivo, el estudio se subdivide en cuatro etapas, las metodologías usadas corresponden a correlación de Pearson, modelo Lineal Boosting, Vecino más próximo y Fuzzy-set Qualitative Comparative Analysis. Como resultado se determina que existen factores que reducen la cantidad cosechada, entre ellas están el uso elevado de NPK y fungicida, por medio del algoritmo, se establece que, para tener una cosecha sustancial es adecuado el uso de insecticida, es decir, no se puede inhibir si el objeto es una producción con calidad y volumen de cosecha, para próximos estudios es pertinente inducir a aplicativos prácticos de los resultados obtenidos, procurando medir la eficiencia y eficacia, adicional a lo mencionado, es adecuado estimar la funcionalidad de cada factor de producción, así como los límites de contraproducentes.
Comparative analysis of models predicting the risks of early poor outcome of deceased-donor liver transplantation: a retrospective single-center study
Authors: Sushkov A. I. , Popov M. V. , Rudakov V. S. , Svetlakova D. S. , Pashkov A. N. , Lukianchikova A. S. , Muktarzhan M. , Gubarev K. K. , Syutkin V. E. , Artemyev A. I. , Voskanyan S. E.
Published: September 2023

Rationale. The risk of early graft loss determines the specifics and plan of anesthesiological assistance, intensive therapy, and overall the feasibility of liver transplantation. Various prognostic models and criteria have become widespread abroad; however, Russian transplant centers have not yet validated them.Objective. To evaluate the applicability and accuracy of the most common models predicting the risks of early adverse outcomes in liver transplantation from deceased donors.Material and methods. A retrospective single-center study included data on 131 liver transplantations from deceased donors performed between May 2012 and January 2023. For each observation, DRI, SOFT, D-MELD, BAR, MEAF, L-GrAFT, and EASE indices were calculated, and compliance with an early allograft dysfunction criteria was verified. Depending on the possibility of calculating the indicators and their values relative to known cutoff points, the study groups were formed, and 1-, 3-, 6-, and 12-month graft survival rates were calculated. The forecast was compared with the actual outcomes, and sensitivity, specificity, F1-score, and C-index were calculated.Results. When assessing the risk of 1- and 3-month graft loss, models using only preoperative parameters demonstrated relatively low prognostic significance: DRI (F1-score: 0.16; C-index: 0.54), SOFT (F1-score: 0.42; C-index: 0.64), D-MELD (F1-score: 0.30; C-index: 0.58), and BAR (F1-score: 0.23; C-index: 0.57). Postoperative indices of MEAF (F1- score: 0.44; C-index: 0.74) and L-GrAFT (F1-score: 0.32; C-index: 0.65) were applicable in 96%, those of ABC (F1-score: 0.29; C-index: 0.71) in 91%, and EASE (F1-score: 0.26; C-index: 0.80) in 89% of cases. The relative risk of 30-days graft loss in case of EAD was 5.2 (95% CI: 3.4-8.1; p<0.0001), F1-score: 0.64, and C-index: 0.84. Using locally established cutoff values for SOFT (11 points) and L-GrAFT (-0.87) scores increased their prognostic significance: F1-score: 0.46 and 0.63, C-index: 0.69 and 0.87, respectively.Conclusion. The analyzed models can be used to assess the risks of early liver graft loss; however, their prognostic significance is not high. Developing a new model in a multicenter Russian study, as well as searching for new objective methods to assess the state of the donor liver are promising directions for future work.
Successful liver transplantation from a donor with occlusive portal vein thrombosis
Authors: Novruzbekov M. S. , Olisov O. D. , Gulyaev V. A. , Lutsyk K. N. , Yaremin B. I. , Kazymov B. I. , Magomedov K. M. , Akhmedov A. R. , Alekberov K. F.
Published: September 2023

Introduction. The shortage of donor organs has been and remains the basic problem of clinical transplantation and the expansion of the organ pool by using marginal donor organs has become one of its solutions. In this regard, every decision to use a "non-standard" or "non ideal" organ for transplantation should be made carefully.Aim. Demonstration of successful liver transplantation from a donor with brain death and occlusive thrombosis of the splanchnic venous system.Description. A 34-year-old donor without serious concomitant pathology was diagnosed with total portal thrombosis during liver procurement. After cold aortic perfusion, a thrombectomy from the portal vein was performed. At the “backtable” stage, an additional perfusion was made through the portal vein, the results of which confirmed the patency of the portal system. The liver graft was transplanted to a 33-year-old recipient; the postoperative period was uneventful, the patient was discharged on the 17-th postoperative day.Conclusions. Portal vein thrombosis in a donor liver is rare. A positive decision on liver transplantation from a donor with portal vein thrombosis should be based on the confirmed patency of the portal system. It is desirable that these data be supplemented by a histological examination of the donor liver. The donor organs shortage needs to expand the criteria for post-mortem organ donation. However, every decision should be made in the light of individual characteristics of the donor-recipient pair.
Peculiarities of orthotopic liver transplantation in patients with liver cirrhosis and severe hemophilia A
Authors: Shabunin A. V. , Drozdov P. A. , Levina O. N. , Lidzhievа E. A.
Published: September 2023

In the presented clinical case reports, patients with decompensated liver cirrhosis resulted from chronic viral hepatitis C, being stable responders to antiviral therapy and having severe hemophilia A, underwent orthotopic liver transplantation from a post-mortem donor. The volume of intraoperative blood loss and the course of the immediate postoperative period on the background of the replacement therapy with recombinant VIII coagulation factors did not differ from other liver transplant recipients of the City Clinical Hospital n.a. S.P. Botkin. In the late postoperative period, the level of coagulation factor VIII returned to normal in patients, which made it possible to cancel the replacement therapy.
Liver allograft pathology in the late post-transplant period
Authors: Voskanyan S. E. , Syutkin V. E. , Sushkov A. I. , Voskanyan Yu. V. , Veselkova A. Yu.
Published: September 2023

Annually increasing quantity of liver transplants and the growing population of long-survived recipients determine the relevance of late allograft dysfunction study. Variety of morphological and functional disorders of the transplanted liver complicates their timely diagnostics. Moreover, in some patients, serious graft damage may proceed for a long time without clinical manifestations and laboratory abnormalities.The review summarizes the structure, prevalence, risk factors and prognostic value of different liver allograft pathology determined by histological examination in the long term after transplantation.
Transplantation of solid organs during the pandemic of a new coronavirus infection
Authors: Shumakov D. V. , Zybin D. I. , Zulkarnaev A. B. , Dontsov V. V. , Agafonov E. G. , Popov M. A.
Published: September 2023

The end-stage stage of chronic diseases of solid organs is rather significant in the structure of morbidity and mortality among patients worldwide. To date, there are more than six million patients in this status worldwide. Heart, liver and kidney transplantation is the gold standard of treatment for these patients. The number of transplants is growing every year.At the end of 2019, the world faced a new type of viral infection – SARS-CoV-2 – a highly contagious systemic respiratory disease transmitted by airborne droplets, which in three months led to a pandemic and killed hundreds of thousands of people. The pandemic has made adjustments to the structure of planned medical care. The number of planned operations has decreased significantly, and the number of the infection-associated complications has increased.Patients with end-stage chronic diseases initially have weakened immunity and represent the category most susceptible to the infection. At the moment, the question of patient management tactics remains open. There is no consensus on the patient management tactics before surgery and in the posttransplantation period for patients at the end-stage chronic disease of different organs. This topic requires further study and the development of treatment algorithms for such patients.
Measuring irregular migration in Chile: The use of data linkage methods
Authors: Harnecker Belén , Mallea Felipe
Published: September 2023

Foreign population in Chile almost doubled between 2017 and 2021. In recent years, the sources to measure the phenomenon has been the 2017 Census, plus administrative data from the migratory institutions. Yet, traditional estimation methods have not included irregular migration in all its forms, despite the fact that between 2018 and 2022 illegal entries grew by 754\%. Official numbers had only included (1) people registered by the day of the census, and (2) people that, from that day at least applied for one residence permit. However, records from other public institutions (education, health and police) suggests there are a considerable number of migrants that meets neither of the two criteria, that don’t have and official Chilean ID (RUN), but have registered in different services with provisional identifiers.

In order to properly account for irregular migration flows, this exploratory study presents a method of deterministic integration of personal administrative records from different public institutions (police, health, education and migrations), of foreign people that don’t have a unique identifier (RUN), using personal variables: names, surnames and date of birth. The proposed methodology can be summarized in four steps: (1) cleaning and standardizing records and variables (2) building an identification key and removing exact duplicated records in each data set (3) removing partial duplicated records in each data set using fuzzy matching techniques, and (4) matching the data sets using fuzzing matching techniques. The result of this procedure is the number of foreign people that showed signs of being residents by registering in the public services, but don’t have any registration of visa applications with the National Migration Service. These individuals, according with the existing law (Law N° 21.325), live in a (probable) irregular status.

This study not only represents and innovation in estimating foreign population in Chile as it accounts for inhabitants in irregular situation, but it also proposes a novel standard of registration and integration of personal administrative records of different public services.
Refugee Integration Outcomes cohort study: Evidence for policy and planning
Authors: Frowen Sam , Rogers Nicky , Evans Alan , Toft Hannah , Black Angela , Skipper Tilly , Peate Caroline , Hodgson Raoul
Published: September 2023

Evidence on refugee integration outcomes in the UK is lacking, partly due to an absence of datasets which permit refugees to be identified. The RIO longitudinal cohort study designed in collaboration with the Home Office aims to address this by linking administrative data longitudinally.

RIO covers cohorts granted asylum and refugees resettled in England & Wales via the Vulnerable Persons and Vulnerable Children’s resettlement Schemes between 2015 and 2020. Linked data include the Personal Demographics Service from the NHS and Exit Checks from the Home Office. Census 2021 data have also been linked to the study. Deterministic linkage algorithms addressed different naming conventions across a wide set of cultures and administrative data quality. Associative linkage methods were developed to match residuals from the deterministic stage to their corresponding household if present. We conducted our own internal quality analysis to assess the quality of our linkage algorithms to improve our methodology ahead of incorporating new administrative data such as HMRC and DWP data.

Experimental analysis has looked at social and economic outcomes for these refugee cohorts. Linkage to NHS data helps us understand access to health services and time taken to access these services once resettled. Census 2021 data provide a rich understanding of integration outcomes up to 6 years after arrival or grant of asylum. We demonstrate the potential of linked census data to provide evidence on housing, education, health, access to the labour market, education, households and secondary migration but also how this varies for asylum and refugee cohorts but also by age, sex and geographical region.

RIO is aligned to the ONS strategic objective of inclusivity and recommendations made by the UK National Statistician’s Inclusive Data Task Force. RIO will ultimately help inform local authorities, government, charities and other organisations with resource allocation for these vulnerable populations. We are planning to make this dataset available to Accredited Researchers via the ONS Secure Research Service and the Integrated Data Service (IDS).
Education and social care predictors of offending trajectories: A UK administrative data linkage study
Authors: Dickson Hannah , Vamvakas George , Short Roxanna , Blackwood Nigel
Published: September 2023

ObjectivesThe age-crime curve indicates that criminal behaviour peaks in adolescence and decreases in adulthood, but longitudinal studies suggest that this curve conceals distinct patterns of (re)-offending or trajectories. Some trajectories (e.g., life course persistent offenders) are reported to have distinct risk factors and more negative outcomes than others (e.g., adolescent limited offenders).

MethodsThe current study had two main objectives: (1) To use UK administrative crime data to identify trajectories of (re)-offending; and (2) To prospectively identify (re)-offending trajectories using longitudinal administrative education and social care data. This project uses linked UK administrative data containing the anonymised education and social care records for individuals born between September 1985 and August 1999, which have been linked to later official crime records up to the end of 2017. To identify offending trajectories, we used information on offence type, age of first conviction/caution, age of last recorded conviction/caution and offending history at three age points (Juvenile: 10-17 years; Young adult: 18-20 years; Adult: 21-32 years).

ResultsLatent Class Analyses with and without ‘Gender’ and ‘Ever served a custodial sentence’ as covariates was conducted to identify trajectories of (re)-offending. We are currently developing statistical models to see if we can use prospective longitudinal education and social care factors to discriminate between these trajectories. In my talk, I will share findings on the offending trajectories identified and present some early results on the key education and social care drivers of the offending trajectories.

ConclusionFindings from this study has the potential to provide deeper insights into how these education and social care factors might affect (re)-offending patterns. This could inform education, social care and criminal justice system responses to offending behaviours which seek to reduce offending and its associated social and economic costs.
Healthcare in prison: Does it matter how it is provided?
Authors: Bowstead Janet
Published: September 2023

ObjectivesFrom April 2013, responsibility for healthcare services for prisoners was shifted to NHS England. Administrative survey data from English prisons covering 2000-2021 was used to identify if this change affected detainees’ experiences of healthcare quality and/or access; as well as the association with other characteristics of prison or prisoner.

MethodsSince 2000, HM Inspectorate of Prisons (HMIP) has carried out surveys of detainees as part of its inspections. This presentation will highlight the potential of these datasets by presenting substantive results of analysis on detainees’ experience of healthcare in prison. Merging datasets over time provides continuity of some variables over the whole period, with responses from up to 95,000 individuals. Variables of detainees’ assessment of the ease of access to different healthcare professionals, as well as the quality of services provided, were analysed over time and in terms of association with different types of prison and demographics of prisoner.

ResultsThe HMIP data are used to inform inspections and reports, and an ESRC-funded project has now developed these administrative datasets for wider research use. With a timeframe of over 20 years, the data can be analysed on a range of policy-relevant prison issues, such as safety, preparation for release, support within prison, treatment of prisoners, and access to information, legal rights, education, exercise and healthcare. These can be associated with demographic characteristics of detainees, and functional types of prison; as well as the analysis presented here of trends over time and whether these can be aligned to distinct policy or practice changes. The policy change in healthcare provision in April 2013 is contextualised within trends of greater health needs of prisoners and differentials between prisoners.

ConclusionHMIP detainee survey data are now archived with the UK Data Service for research use. Cross-sectional analysis on a range of demographic factors shows differential healthcare needs and experiences, and analysis over time indicates both trends and the impact, or not, of policy changes on detainees’ experiences.
Which people are most affected by changes to data linkage methodology? An exploration of patient, organisational and spatiotemporal characteristics in administrative hospital data in England
Authors: Stone Tony , Harron Katie
Published: September 2023

ObjectivesIn 2021, NHS Digital changed the process used to link records belonging to the same person across and within data collections. Our objectives were to identify patient, organisational and spatiotemporal characteristics associated with records impacted by this change and the implications for researchers using this data.

MethodsWe used an observational cohort study of patients, aged 55 or less, with a secondary care contact recorded in any of the NHS Digital (now part of NHS England) curated Hospital Episode Statistics (HES) datasets between April 1997 and March 2021. We compared clusters of records assigned to each patient using the HES ID (old methodology using a three-step deterministic algorithm) and the Person ID (new methodology using a master patient spine). We used multivariable logistic regression to identify patient, organisational and spatiotemporal (such as area-level deprivation and year of first contact) characteristics associated with patients whose cluster had changed.

ResultsOf 88 million hospital records in 2019, there were 18,968,711 distinct HES IDs and 18,717,142 distinct TPIs. Of the 12,701,169 HES IDs with more than one record, 145,948 (1.1%) were split into multiple Person IDs. Of the 12,999,671 Person IDs with more than one record, 483,091 (3.7%) were associated with two or more merged HES IDs. We will present an analysis using data covering the period April 1997 to March 2021 - 1.25 billion records - and present the characteristics associated with changes between linkage methods.

ConclusionOur findings indicate that this change consolidated clusters, resulting in fewer distinct individuals in the data. Our findings will inform researchers about which groups of individuals are most likely to be affected by changes to linkage methodology. This is vital for understanding potential sources of bias due to linkage error.
AD|ARC (Administrative Data| Agricultural Research Collection): Linking individual, household and farm business data for agricultural research – The challenges and opportunities of partnership working across ADR UK
Authors: Webster Nicholas , Hampton Jen , McFarlane Scott , Wilgar Peter
Published: September 2023

ObjectivesADARC is a partnership of six government departments and three research institutions across ADR-UK aiming to build four Research Ready Datasets about farming households. A|ARC requires government data linking experts to work closely with agricultural statisticians and academics across traditional boundaries pooling a wide range of data and expertise.

MethodsThe ADARC partnership aims to build a model of collaborative working for administrative data research. ADARC brings together those collecting data with those linking and analysing de-identified data and eventually those using results to develop future policies. The data is from several different sources at individual, household and business levels requiring new methodologies developed by this collaboration. ADARC is also working between all four ADR centres to share learning across the ADR network building relationships for future projects beyond agriculture. The linkage process has been different in all four nations but this has offered new learning for all involved.

ResultsDue to the Covid-19 pandemic, Phase 1 of the project has been slower than hoped. However, ADARC has shown that it is possible to conduct a truly UK-wide four nation project. Data linking is underway in all four nations bringing together data on individuals, households and businesses and analysis has begun in Wales and England. The project to date has faced the usual challenges of data acquisition and data quality issues which the partnership approach has been vital for overcoming. Despite this, we’ve demonstrated that there’s a huge level of enthusiasm for working together across organisational barriers. ADARC has just been funded for Phase 2 to expand the datasets in scope and explore the feasibility of linking in spatial data.

ConclusionADARC has created a model which demonstrates that partnership working is essential for fully achieving the objective of ADR UK of unlocking the potential of administrative data. The lessons of ADARC also provides a powerful case study for future cross-UK projects far beyond agriculture.
Machine Learning for Data Linkage
Authors: Ellum Rhosanna , Lewis Alex , Xhaferaj Kristina , Shipsey Rachel , Račinskij Viktor , White Zoe
Published: September 2023

Data linkage traditionally uses deterministic and probabilistic methods. Alternatively, machine learning methods can be applied as classification algorithms, using the data to inform decisions. This project compared the quality, in terms of precision and recall, of traditional methods with selected machine learning methods when applied to a standard linkage problem.

Two supervised methods, gradient boosted trees (GBT) and multiple layered perceptron classifier (MLPC), and one unsupervised method, maximum entropy classification (MEC), were implemented. The England and Wales 2021 Census to Census Coverage Survey (CCS) linkage was used as a gold-standard (GS) linked dataset to provide training samples for the supervised methods as well as testing samples for all methods. The F1 score (harmonic mean of precision and recall) was used to compare the performance of the models and to determine the optimal parameters and thresholds.

The Splink implementation of Fellegi-Sunter with Expectation Maximisation was used as a baseline for comparison.

The methods, trained on a sample of the GS, were used to link census and CCS data. All methods performed well with MEC achieving the highest precision (99.79%) but lowest recall (96.36%). The MLPC model achieved the highest F1 score (98.94%).

To understand the implications of not retraining supervised models for each dataset, the models were also used to link Census to a health dataset. The supervised models were not retrained using the health data; instead, the optimised GS models were applied. MEC had the lowest precision (96.51%) but the highest recall (98.48%) and highest F1 score (97.49%). With F1 scores of 96.99% and 96.14% respectively, the GBT and MLPC supervised models were not far behind in performance, despite not being trained using health data.

We have shown that machine learning methods can be used effectively for data linkage problems. Unsurprisingly, supervised models perform best when trained on and applied to the same data. Further research into generic training may allow us to use both supervised and unsupervised machine learning models for future data linkage.
Public involvement and engagement in big data research: A scoping review
Authors: Teodorowski Piotr , Jones Elisa , Ahmed Saiqa , Tahir Naheed , Frith Lucy
Published: September 2023

ObjectivesPublic involvement and engagement have been suggested as a way to establish public support for big data research, yet there has been no review exploring how these activities could facilitate this. Therefore, this scoping review aimed to explore public involvement and engagement in big data research.

MethodsFollowing Arksey and O’Malley’s methodology, we systematically searched the following databases: CINAHL, Health Research Premium Collection, PubMed, Scopus and Web of Science for papers published between 2010-2021. Additional manual searches took place. These included the first 100 hits in Google search, journals (BMC Research Involvement and Engagement, International Journal of Population Data Science and Health Expectations) and grey literature (Patient Outcome Research Institute database, first 100 hits were screened). We extracted data using a standardised form. We then organised it in a descriptive and narrative way. A system logic model was developed to understand the complexity of this topic.

ResultsFifty-three papers were identified as eligible for inclusion in our review. The findings indicate that public involvement and engagement have the potential to improve public trust and accountability for data resharing for research. However, there is limited literature actually evaluating these activities. The findings suggest that the public can be meaningfully involved and engaged in big data research, both in terms of individual research projects and data governance, but there is no one standardised approach to do it. Therefore, we developed an initial system logic model to map relevant aspects of the involvement and engagement activities. These include which communities to reach, the context (e.g. ethical, legal aspects or public views), the design and delivery of activities, and outcomes.

ConclusionDespite the growing literature on public involvement and engagement in big data research, more research is needed as there are few primary empirical studies exploring involvement and engagement. We suggest using the system logic model we developed when reflecting on issues that might be relevant in organising these activities.
Medication use in Northern Ireland in early pregnancy: Agreement between maternal self-report and prescribing records
Authors: Given Joanne , Dolk Helen , Loane Maria
Published: September 2023

ObjectiveTo assess the agreement between medication data reported by the mother at the pregnancy booking interview and recorded by midwives in the Northern Ireland Maternity System (NIMATS) compared to dispensed prescription data recorded in the Enhanced Prescribing Database (EPD).

MethodAs part of a larger cross-sectional study investigating the prevalence of prescriptions dispensed between the last menstrual period (LMP) and the first antenatal visit 2011-2016, this sub-study assessed the agreement between self-reported medication use recorded in NIMATS and EPD compared to NIMATS, 2015-2016. Sensitivity and specificity compared to EPD were also calculated. This shorter time period was used due to underreporting of non-supplement medications before 2015 in NIMATS.

ResultsBetween 2015-2016, there were 34,432 pregnancies to 34,096 women. In NIMATS 96.8% of women reported taking medications during early pregnancy compared to 64.3% of women having prescriptions dispensed in EPD. Folic acid (low and high-dose) was the most common medication recorded in both NIMATS (57.2%) and EPD (26.2%). Antibiotics, analgesics, antacids and anticoagulants were more commonly recorded in NIMATS but all other non-supplement medications were more common in EPD. Agreement between NIMATS and EPD ranged from 2.6% for vitamins to 87.8% for insulin. Sensitivity ranged from 2.5% for cardiac medications to 84.3% for anticoagulants. Specificity ranged from 47.6% for antibiotics to 100% for cardiac and antiviral medications. Folic acid (low and high-dose), vitamins, antibiotics and analgesics were the only medications with specificity less than 90%.

ConclusionOver-the-counter medications such as low-dose folic acid, antacids and analgesics were recorded more at the maternity booking interview (NIMATS), while medications requiring prescriptions were recorded more in EPD. This is important information for determining which data source to use in future studies assessing medication use.
Addressing the fetal alcohol spectrum disorder (FASD) ‘data gap’: Multi-method and multi-disciplinary public engagement to ascertain the acceptability and feasibility of establishing the first UK National linked database for FASD
Authors: Harding Sarah , Samways Beverley , Dillon Amy , Butcher Sandra , Boyd Andy , Mukherjee Raja , Cook Penny , McQuire Cheryl
Published: September 2023

ObjectivesTo conduct public engagement work to establish the views of key stakeholders on the feasibility, acceptability, key purposes, and data structure of the first national linked longitudinal research database for fetal alcohol spectrum disorder (FASD) in the UK.

MethodsWe conducted stakeholder mapping and identified contacts through collaborator networks and online searches. We consulted with stakeholders using a range of formats, including: online focus groups (one for adults with FASD [and their supporters] N=5; one for guardians of people with FASD N=7), 1:1/small-team video calls and email communication with clinicians, data providers, policy-makers, data-governance experts, third-sector representatives and researchers [N=~85]), and one hybrid workshop (N=16 [N=10 in-person, 6 online attendees; 15 clinical and one third-sector]). Consultations included discussions on data sharing, harmonisation, perceived benefits, and challenges of a national linked database for FASD. We analysed consultation transcripts and notes using thematic analysis.

ResultsOur tailored, multi-method approach resulted in high levels of engagement with diverse stakeholders. Overall, stakeholders expressed strong support for a national linked database for FASD. For people living with FASD and third-sector representatives, the main perceived benefit was the potential for increased understanding, awareness, and support for FASD. Clinicians reported that a national database could provide new insights into FASD profiles, supporting more efficient diagnosis. Researchers highlighted potential for increased knowledge of FASD epidemiology and impacts. Policy-makers noted its clear alignment with contemporary FASD and data transformation policies. Common concerns were around privacy and data-sharing, particularly the tension between public good and disclosure risks if sample numbers were low. Clinicians expressed the importance of retaining space for clinical judgement and flexibility alongside the potential insights gained from quantitative analysis of data.

ConclusionMulti-method and multidisciplinary stakeholder engagement demonstrated the feasibility and acceptability of establishing the first UK national linked database for FASD. Perceived benefits and concerns varied by stakeholder group, demonstrating that flexible, diverse, embedded stakeholder collaboration will be essential as we seek to establish this database.
An exploration of the factors affecting the likelihood of young people in England progressing into higher education
Authors: Martin Paul
Published: September 2023

ObjectivesThis research sought to identify the extent to which the likelihood of young people in England progressing into Higher Education (HE) is affected by their gender, ethnicity, socioeconomic background, area of residence, school attainment and the intersection of these characteristics.

MethodsData from the Department for Education’s National Pupil Database concerning the entire cohort of young people in English state schools who turned 16 between September 2014 and August 2015 was accessed. Data concerned pupils’ attainment, personal characteristics and postcode of residence. This data was matched with records from the Higher Education Statistics Agency to identify whether pupils had progressed to HE by the age of 19. Raw differences in progression rates by pupil characteristic were established and binary logistic regression was used to explore how individual factors influenced the likelihood of progression once attainment and other characteristics were controlled for.

ResultsFemales were more likely than males to progress to HE, however this could be explained predominantly by their higher average attainment in school examinations. Pupils in receipt of free school meals were substantially less likely to progress to HE, though this trend reversed once attainment was controlled for.

Pupils residing in London were considerably more likely to progress to HE than pupils in all other regions of England, though this can be explained almost entirely by the higher average attainment of pupils in London as well as average demographic differences between London and other English regions.

There are large disparities in progression to HE by pupil ethnicity and these disparities persist even once prior attainment and other characteristics are controlled for.

ConclusionThe results overall suggest that some disparities in access to HE (such as by gender and FSM status) might be eliminated if corresponding disparities in school attainment were eliminated. The relationship between attainment disparities and HE progression disparities is less straightforward with respect to other characteristics such as pupil ethnicity.
Improving lives by linking data: Views from groups with complex needs. Commissioned by the cross-government Better Outcomes through Linked Data programme and the Centre for Data Ethics and Innovation, and delivered by the research agency Britain Thinks
Authors: Fell Dean , Al Rasheed-Wright Loulwa
Published: September 2023

Objectives

Improve and refine BOLD's delivery of its four pilot projects via feedback on acceptable uses and forms of analysis of shared data.

Inform how BOLD communicates its aims and progress for maximum clarity and transparency.

Understand the impact of BOLD's data management on the level of trust in the program.

MethodsInitial workshops were conducted with expert intermediary organisations, such as charities, who have a deep understanding of each of the audiences’ attitudes and needs. This was to explain the purpose of the project to the intermediary organisations and to gain their feedback on the approach and materials.

Fieldwork was undertaken with 82 participants from across the four vulnerability audiences, using a combination of methods to ensure full participation from a range of individuals with differing levels of need.

Participants were presented with information about BOLD's purpose, objectives, and three example scenarios related to their respective pilot to prompt useful discussions.

Results

Participants in the BOLD program pilots generally support data sharing to improve public services.

They view the program positively, have similar experiences across pilot areas, and reflect on its relevance to a range of audiences.

However, some lack experience with issues addressed by BOLD. Concerns exist regarding negative impacts and scepticism towards government.

BOLD use cases should prioritise four principles: relevance, impact, clarity, and non-stigmatisation.

Intermediary organisations are crucial for engaging with pilot audiences.

ConclusionBOLD is a three-year cross government pilot project that links social policy datasets to better support individuals with complex needs. It aims to improve outcomes by providing new evidence and insight into how services delivered in one part of government affect outcomes in another. This research was commissioned to inform how to take the BOLD programme forward, by engaging and consulting with relevant audiences in an ethical and transparent way.

The published findings are informing the delivery of BOLD and improving and enhancing our understanding of the impact of BOLD's data management on trust.
Double system contact: The experiences of children-looked-after in the youth justice system
Authors: Hodges Helen
Published: September 2023

ObjectivesTo understand the needs and vulnerabilities of this cohort, and identify where there are opportunities for timely and appropriate support from a range of statutory and non-statutory organisations as they navigate the youth justice system.

MethodsThis feasibility study linked external youth justice data from two Welsh local authorities with education, health, social services and family court data held in SAIL Databank. Once combined, it was possible to gain further insights into the nature and extent of contact with other state agencies, and to test for statistically significant differences in the profile of this cohort relative to their peers; in index risk scores across 12 domains and in the trajectory of the probability of further offending behaviour. The latter was considered via a series of hierarchical binary logistical regression models conducted under a Bayesian framework.

ResultsThose with double system contact typically had higher index risk scores than their peers, with the greatest differences being in relation to the Family and Personal Relationships, Living Arrangements, and Emotional and Mental Health domains. In terms of vulnerabilities, the higher rates of additional learning needs were striking, with this potentially contributing to higher levels of non-compliance and more serious consequences. Notably rates of further offending are found to be higher amongst those who are care experienced and/or have additional learning needs, with care experienced children being twice as likely to commit further offences than their peers; more than 2.5 times more likely to breach; twice as likely to return to court and were more than 5 times more likely to spend time in custody.

ConclusionFindings, reinforce the need for a more tailored, child first approach in youth justice with other agencies also needing to recognise the impact of prior trauma and adapt their practice in order to appropriately respond to the additional vulnerabilities amongst this cohort.
How does the environment in and around the home impact social care and health outcomes for older people?
Authors: Midgley William , Mizen Amy , Hollinghurst Joe , Hollinghurst Robyn , Lyons Ronan , Fry Richard
Published: September 2023

Reducing the burden of falls and fall-related admissions to hospital and care homes is an important policy area. Falls cause significant injury leading to a reduced quality of life. We wanted to know if the environment around people’s homes changes the risk of falls for older people in Wales.

We linked routinely collected, anonymised health data on frailty, dementia, hospital admissions, care home admission, and A&E attendance in the Secure Anonymised Information Linkage Databank. We also linked individual level demographic data and household level neighbourhood walkability and accessibility metrics detailing the built environment (e.g. access to services, greenspace). We capture change in the built environment and house moves between January 2010 and December 2017. Using unadjusted and adjusted cox regression models we will assess how the risk and severity of a fall changes in relation to the built environment.

We have created a dynamic national e-cohort linking data on frailty, dementia, hospital admissions, care home admission, A&E attendance and built environment measures for people living in Wales aged 60 and above between January 2010 and December 2017. At the conference we will report summary statistics for each quarter as well as the overall population. We will also report unadjusted cox model odds ratios, as well as fully adjusted models. We will adjust for age, sex, urbanicity (urban/rural), deprivation (WIMD), dementia diagnosis, and seasonal weather trends. We will also report odds ratios for our stratification analysis where we will investigate whether associations vary by urbanicity and deprivation.

With an aging population, it is becoming more important to help the current and future older population age healthily, preventing adverse health outcomes before they happen. This research will help guide policy and resource allocation to support people staying at home and have a more fulfilling life for longer.
Causality between the built environment and subjective wellbeing: Applying difference-in-differences and synthetic control methods to longitudinal data from England
Authors: Chen Jerry , Wan Li
Published: September 2023

ObjectivePotential causal relationship between the built environment and subjective wellbeing has been segmentally explored and partially quantified. We leverage household relocation as a natural experiment to investigate the causality between built environment change and subjective wellbeing.

MethodTwo causal inference methods (difference-in-differences and synthetic control) are applied and compared. The use of the ‘Understanding Society’ dataset (The UK Household Longitudinal Study, 2009-2019), combined with holistic locational attributes (Area Classification at the Lower Super Output Area level as per the UK Census) for exploring such causality is novel in literature. Specifically, to estimate the effects of relocation, we compare movers (treatment n=773) to non-movers (control n=4,619). To estimate the effects of built environment change, we compare movers with a change in built environment (n=506) with those moving to the same built environment type (n=267).

ResultsOur results show immediate and enduring positive causal effects of relocation, equivalent to an average improvement of 8% in subjective wellbeing level compared to non-movers. Among moves, moving to a different built environment improves subjective wellbeing by an equivalent of 13% compared with moving to the same built environment type. Without a change in built environment type, the positive causal effects become negligible. We further find the distress of relocation is transitory, and preliminary evidence that relocation decisions are formed over years and influenced by acute stressors. We hypothesise that relocation and change in built environment alleviate existing distresses but play limited roles in delivering multi-dimensional subjective wellbeing benefits.

ConclusionThis paper is one of the first studies that apply and compare two causal models (DiD and SCM) for identifying potential causal effects of built environment on subject wellbeing. It is demonstrated that recent developments in causal inference methods have untapped potential to be applied in urban planning research. The ability to robustly identify complex causal/associative effects are particularly pertinent for policymaking purposes.
What's new in Entrepreneurial Personality Assessment?
Authors: García-Cueto Eduardo , Cuesta Marcelino , Postigo Alvaro
Published: September 2023

Entrepreneurship is one of the most important aspects for the growth of any country. On the one hand, because it is a source of innovation, employment, and wealth and, on the other, because of the negative consequences of entrepreneurial failure, economically, socially, and psychologically. The study of entrepreneurship is carried out through different approaches, such as social, economic, biological, and psychological. Although no one doubts the importance of each of them, the psychological approach−specifically, the entrepreneurial personality−has been one of the most productive on this topic in the last decade. conducted a comprehensive review of the study of entrepreneurial personality. The present article, more than five years later, aims to present the main contributions of psychology to the assessment of entrepreneurial personality since then (theoretical models and measurement instruments and their psychometric properties). Future lines of research are discussed.
A aplicação da análise discriminante no estudo sobre tipos e fatores motivacionais para o boicote
Authors: Cordeiro Daniel Rodrigues , Ferreira Míriam de Souza , Carvalho José Maurício Avilla
Published: September 2023

o objetivo do trabalho foi o de investigar qual variável melhor discriminou uma intenção ou não de realizar boicote entre os grupos estudados (Sem Intenção de Boicote - SIB e Com Intenção de Boicote - CIB). O método utilizado foi o da análise discriminante múltipla. Os resultados encontrados demonstraram que a variável que melhor discriminou o grupo SIB foi uma que estava relacionado ao tipo de “boicote relacional”, enquanto a que melhor discriminou o grupo CIB foi uma relacionada a tipologia do “boicote de minorias”, ambas pertenciam ao conjunto A. Concluiu-se que os indivíduos ao notarem atitudes contrárias aos seus valores, quando cometidas contra terceiros, apresentavam mais disposição a fazerem a prática do boicote.
Avaliação e monitoramento da assistência estudantil nas Universidades Federais no Brasil: proposta de indicadores para implantação
Authors: Fava Helder de Lima , Cintra Renato Fabiano
Published: September 2023

O Decreto nº 7.234, de 19 de julho de 2010, é o artefato jurídico que regulamenta as ações de assistência estudantil no Brasil e prevê a fixação de mecanismos de acompanhamento e avaliação dessa política, mas não apresenta como e quais instrumentos devem ser usados. A partir de um diagnóstico teórico e empírico acerca da necessidade desses mecanismos, o estudo apresenta uma proposta de implantação de indicadores para avaliar e monitorar a assistência estudantil nas universidades federais brasileiras. A contribuição trazida faz com que as universidades federais possam adotar esses mecanismos em suas estruturas ou aprimorar os existentes. Os instrumentos de avaliação e monitoramento de políticas públicas contribuem para o sucesso das ações governamentais e acompanhamento da população - transparência.