bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The use of red wristbands for allergy documentation in day case surgery
Authors: Clark Charles , Sayani Junaid , Sayani Irfan , Ge Xingtao , Ricketts David , Rogers Benedict
Published: May 2018

In England over six million day case surgical procedures are performed each year. Many of these patients have an allergy and are given a red armband to notify staff of this. This audit compared the use of red armbands to indicate allergy at two institutions undertaking day case surgery. The presence of wristbands, the allergies recorded on them and the correlation to allergies documented in the patient notes were analysed.
Micronutrient supplementation in pregnancy: Who, what and how much?
Authors: Parisi F , di Bartolo I , Savasi VM , Cetin I
Published: May 2018

Pregnancy represents a period of major physiological and metabolic change, aiming to ensure proper fetal growth and development, as well as maternal preservation. This review focuses on maternal nutrition, and particularly on micronutrient deficiencies and supplementation during pregnancy. Nutrient deficiencies and consequences in pregnant women are presented, with an overview of current recommendations for dietary supplementation in pregnancy, even considering the risk of micronutrient overload. Appropriate universal supplementation and prophylaxis/treatment of nutritional needs currently appear to be the most cost-effective goal in low-income countries, thus ensuring adequate intake of key elements including folate, iron, calcium, vitamin D and A. In high-income countries, a proper nutritional assessment and counselling should be mandatory in obstetric care in order to normalize pregestational body mass index, choose a healthy dietary pattern and evaluate the risk of deficiencies.
Immunotherapy in non-metastatic non-small cell lung cancer: Can the benefits of stage IV therapy be translated into earlier stages?
Authors: Deslypere Griet , Gullentops Dorothée , Wauters Els , Vansteenkiste Johan
Published: May 2018

Over the last decade, several steps forward in the treatment of patients with stage IV non-small cell lung cancer (NCSLC) were made. Examples are the use of pemetrexed, pemetrexed maintenance therapy, or bevacizumab for patients with nonsquamous NSCLC. A big leap forward was the use of tyrosine kinase inhibitors in patients selected on the basis of an activating oncogene, such as epidermal growth factor receptor ( EGFR) activating mutations or anaplastic lymphoma kinase ( ALK) translocations. However, all of these achievements could not be translated into survival benefits when studied in randomized controlled trials in patients with nonmetastatic NSCLC. Aside from chemotherapy and targeted therapy, immunotherapy has become the third pillar in the treatment armamentarium of advanced NSCLC. Antigen-specific immunotherapy (cancer vaccination) has been disappointing in large phase III clinical trials in stages I–III NSCLC. Based on the recent breakthroughs with immune checkpoint inhibitor immunotherapy in metastatic NSCLC, much hope currently rests on the use of this approach in patients with stage I–III NSCLC as well. Here we give a brief overview of how most new therapeutic approaches for advanced NSCLC failed in other stages, and then elaborate on the role of immunotherapy in patients with stage I–III NSCLC.
TARC: Turkish aripiprazole consensus report- Aripiprazole use and switching from other antipsychotics to aripiprazole- consensus recommendations by a Turkish multidisciplinary panel
Authors: Veznedaroglu Baybars , Dilbaz Nesrin , Uzun Ozcan , Isik Erdal
Published: May 2018

In this review, we have attempted to share our 10 years’ clinical experience with aripiprazole use and switching from other antipsychotics to aripiprazole. There are various reasons for switching, including a partial or complete lack of efficacy, adverse side effects, and partial or noncompliance with medication. Aripiprazole has some unique receptor-binding qualities that provides some advantages over other antipsychotics in certain clinical situations. We have covered potential clinical scenarios for aripiprazole use as a single agent and switching from other agents in inpatient and outpatient settings. Patients switched from other antipsychotics to aripiprazole have been shown to benefit from significant improvements in clinical response and tolerability. This review examines the strategies for switching patients from antipsychotic drugs to aripiprazole.
Exploration of the forms of mobile phone attachment among traders in Ghana
Authors: Asante Rabiu K. B.
Published: May 2018

Studies on mobile phone attachment have often focused on addiction to the mobile phone with a particular focus on young populations to the neglect of older ones. However, attachment to the mobile phone means more than addiction as experienced by young populations in developed nations. This paper attempts to explore the various forms of attachment across a working population in Africa. It is aimed at establishing the forms of attachment to the mobile phone and their possible sociodemographic variations. Data was collected from 374 used-clothing traders in Accra, using a mixed-methods approach. Employing the conversion framework from domestication theory, a thematic analysis showed that attachment to mobile phone use is culturally specific. A principal component analysis revealed five types of attachment with significant variations across age, gender, and level of education.
Assessment of a novel cryoablation device for the endovascular treatment of cardiac tachyarrhythmias
Authors: Baust John M , Robilotto Anthony , Guerra Peter , Snyder Kristi K , Van Buskirk Robert G , Dubuc Marc , Baust John G
Published: May 2018

Objectives:

Cryoablation is an effective alternative treatment for cardiac arrhythmias offering shortened recovery and reduced side effects. As the use of cryoablation increases, the need for new devices and procedures has emerged. This has been driven by technological limitations including lengthy periods to generate a single lesion (3–5 min), uncertain transmurality, and differential efficacy. Furthermore, due to limited ablation capacity under high heat loads, cryo has had limited success in the treatment of ventricular arrhythmias. To this end, in this study we evaluated a new cryoablation catheter, ICEolate, for the targeted ablation of cardiac tissue.

Methods:

Performance assessment included calorimetry, freeze zone isothermal distribution characterization and catheter ablation capacity in a submerged, circulating, heat-loaded ex vivo tissue model. A pilot in vivo study was also conducted to assess ablative capacity of the cryocatheter in a fully beating heart.

Results:

Ex vivo studies demonstrated ice formation at the tip of a cryocatheter within 5 s and a tip temperature of ~−150°C within 10 s. The device repeatedly generated freeze zones of 2 cm × 3 cm in less than 2 min. Tissue model studies revealed the generation of a full thickness (5–10 mm) cryogenic lesion within 1 min with an opposite (transmural) surface temperature of <−60°C under a circulating 37°C heat load. Pilot in vivo studies demonstrated the delivery of an ablative “dose,” producing a continuous full thickness transmural linear lesion in <60 s at both atrial and ventricular sites.

Conclusion:

These studies suggest that the supercritical nitrogen cryodevice and ICEolate cryocatheter may provide for rapid, effective, controllable freezing of targeted tissue. The ablative power, speed, and directional freeze characteristics also offer the potential of improved safety via a reduction in procedural time compared to current cryoablation devices. These technological developments may open new avenues for the application of cryo to treat other cardiac arrhythmogenic disorders.
Carbon dioxide insufflation during endoscopic resection of large colorectal polyps can reduce post‐procedure abdominal pain: A prospective, double‐blind, randomized controlled trial
Authors: Kim Su Young , Chung Jun-Won , Kim Jung Ho , Kim Yoon Jae , Kim Kyoung Oh , Kwon Kwang An , Park Dong Kyun
Published: May 2018

Background

Studies of the use of CO2 insufflation during endoscopic resection of large colorectal polyps (LCPs) are lacking.

Objective

We evaluated the effect of CO2 insufflation on pain after endoscopic resection of LCPs.

Methods

In a prospective randomized controlled trial (RCT), 132 patients were randomly assigned to groups who underwent endoscopic resection with CO2 insufflation (CO2 group, n = 66) or air insufflation (air group, n = 66). The primary outcome was abdominal pain post‐procedure (PP). The secondary outcomes were abdominal distension, rates of technical success, amounts of sedatives prescribed, use of analgesics, and adverse events.

Results

Baseline patient characteristics were similar between the groups. The mean abdominal pain score was 12.3 in the CO2 group vs. 17.5 in the air group at 1 h PP (p  =  0.047). Also, the proportion of patients without pain was significantly higher in the CO2 group at 1 h PP (p = 0.008). The pain score differed more in the endoscopic submucosal dissection group and long‐time group. The secondary outcomes were not significantly different between the two groups.

Conclusions

The results of this RCT demonstrate the superiority of CO2 insufflation for endoscopic resection of LCPs in terms of decreasing PP abdominal pain (KCT0001636).
Intestinal obstruction caused by desmoid tumours: a review of the literature
Authors: Jambhekar Amani , Robinson Shawn , Zafarani Parvin , Rucinski James , Gudavalli Prasad
Published: May 2018

Intraabdominal desmoid tumours are rare and can cause intestinal obstruction. Based on the review of the literature, surgical resection with negative margins and adjuvant chemotherapy is the optimal strategy for treatment of this pathology.
Elderly population changes in small- and medium-sized cities in China, 1982–2000
Authors: Gan Yiqing , Fong Eric
Published: May 2018

China has been experiencing large-scale internal migration since the 1980s. Existing research studies have paid great attention to the migrant’s adaptation process in large cities and the issue of left-behind children in rural areas, while the demographic consequences of internal migration to small- and medium-sized cities have been surprisingly omitted. Our study takes the initial step of exploring elderly representation changes in small- and medium-sized cities from 1982 to 2000. We derived elderly representation changes in cities in six provinces both in 1982–1990 and 1990–2000 from censuses, and examined how a city’s total population size, distance from large cities and gross domestic product performance relate to its elderly representation. Findings show that smaller cities with better economic performance that are closer to large national cities are more prone to age rapidly. This association only applies to the 1990–2000 period. Implications of these findings are discussed.
Impact of Passive Laboratory Alerts on Navigating Electronic Health Records in Intensive Care Simulations
Authors: Arthurs Benjamin J. , Mohan Vishnu , McGrath Karess , Scholl Gretchen , Gold Jeffrey A.
Published: May 2018

Passive alerts highlighting abnormal results in the electronic health record (EHR) are abundant. However, their impact on EHR use and contribution to alert fatigue remains unknown. We examined the impact of passive laboratory alerts on EHR usability and recognition of patient safety issues during a simulated intensive care unit (ICU) rounding exercise. We performed a post hoc comparison of simulated ICU rounding exercises, comparing performance with and without passive laboratory alerts. Participants (physician trainees and advanced practice providers) reviewed EHRs depicting critically ill patients, which included multiple embedded patient safety issues. We employed eye tracking during chart review to determine the impact of alerts on EHR navigation. 92 simulations were reviewed, 46 with passive alerts activated. Passive alerts were associated with reduced gaze fixations on both normal and abnormal laboratory results. Activation of alerts was also associated with increased time to first fixation on abnormal results and increased saccadic eye movements. Alerts had no impact on either the duration spent reviewing laboratory results or identification of patient safety issues. Activating passive alerts in the EHR was associated with increase scanning behavior, which may explain why reductions in gaze fixations on lab results did not translate into improved efficiency or performance. This may be due to alert fatigue in the form of oversearching.
Long-Term Educational Outcomes of Child Care Arrangements in Finland
Authors: Hiilamo Heikki , Merikukka Marko , Haataja Anita
Published: May 2018

This study asks how Finnish 6-year-olds who stay at home before school start compare in educational outcomes with children who attend public day care. Earlier studies have shown that participation in public day care can enhance school performance especially among disadvantaged children. In Finland, the child home care allowance scheme supports the home care of 6-year-olds if they have a younger sibling under the age of 3 who is also not attending public day care. We used as outcome variables grade point average after compulsory school at age 15 to 16 and dichotomous variable measuring completion of further education by age 25. The study utilized data of the birth cohort 1987 ( N = 4,928). The results show that staying at home before school start is associated with poorer school performance but not with completion of further education.
Primary Versus Revision Discectomy for Adults With Herniated Nucleus Pulposus: A Propensity Score–Matched Multicenter Study
Authors: Phan Kevin , Cheung Zoe B. , Lee Nathan J. , Kothari Parth , DiCapua John , Arvind Varun , White Samuel J. W. , Ranson William A. , Kim Jun S. , Cho Samuel K.
Published: May 2018

Study Design:

Retrospective propensity score matched analysis.

Objective:

To compare the incidence of any 30-day perioperative complication following primary and revision discectomy for lumbar disc herniation.

Methods:

The American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Program (ACS-NSQIP) was used to identify patients undergoing primary or revision lumbar discectomy from 2005 to 2012. Propensity score matching was performed to create matched pairs of primary and revision discectomy cases for analysis. Univariate analysis was then performed to compare 30-day morbidity and mortality between propensity score–matched pairs.

Results:

We identified 4730 cases of primary discectomy performed through a minimally invasive or open approach and 649 revision discectomy cases. Baseline patient characteristics and comorbidities were compared and then propensity score–matched adjustments were made to create 649 matched pairs of primary and revision cases. On univariate analysis, there were no significant differences in 30-day perioperative outcomes between the 2 groups.

Conclusion:

While there were no significant differences in 30-day perioperative complications between patients undergoing primary lumbar discectomy and those undergoing revision lumbar discectomy, this finding should be interpreted with caution since the ACS-NSQIP database lacks functional and pain outcomes, and also does not include dural tear or durotomy as a complication. Future large-scale and long-term prospective studies including these variables are needed to better understand the outcomes and complications following primary versus revision discectomy for lumbar disc herniation.
Introduction to a review series on emerging immunotherapies for hematologic diseases
Authors: Paczesny Sophie , Pavletic Steven Z. , Bollard Catherine M.
Published: May 2018

Immune therapies are fast becoming paradigm-changing treatment options for patients with hematologic cancers. The field has grown exponentially as it expands to nonmalignant blood diseases. This Perspective article introduces the review series describing some of the latest advances in this field and highlighting some of the current obstacles and new opportunities for the future. Specifically, the series provides in-depth discussion on a selection of emerging immunotherapies now available to patients for hematologic diseases, including cancer vaccines, chimeric antigen receptor T cells, and immunotherapies to regulate inflammation in nonmalignant blood disorders.
A stepwise composite echocardiographic score predicts severe pulmonary hypertension in patients with interstitial lung disease
Authors: Bax Simon , Bredy Charlene , Kempny Aleksander , Dimopoulos Konstantinos , Devaraj Anand , Walsh Simon , Jacob Joseph , Nair Arjun , Kokosi Maria , Keir Gregory , Kouranos Vasileios , George Peter M. , McCabe Colm , Wilde Michael , Wells Athol , Li Wei , Wort Stephen John , Price Laura C.
Published: May 2018

European Respiratory Society (ERS) guidelines recommend the assessment of patients with interstitial lung disease (ILD) and severe pulmonary hypertension (PH), as defined by a mean pulmonary artery pressure (mPAP) ≥35 mmHg at right heart catheterisation (RHC). We developed and validated a stepwise echocardiographic score to detect severe PH using the tricuspid regurgitant velocity and right atrial pressure (right ventricular systolic pressure (RVSP)) and additional echocardiographic signs.

Consecutive ILD patients with suspected PH underwent RHC between 2005 and 2015. Receiver operating curve analysis tested the ability of components of the score to predict mPAP ≥35 mmHg, and a score devised using a stepwise approach. The score was tested in a contemporaneous validation cohort. The score used “additional PH signs” where RVSP was unavailable, using a bootstrapping technique.

Within the derivation cohort (n=210), a score ≥7 predicted severe PH with 89% sensitivity, 71% specificity, positive predictive value 68% and negative predictive value 90%, with similar performance in the validation cohort (n=61) (area under the curve (AUC) 84.8%versus83.1%, p=0.8). Although RVSP could be estimated in 92% of studies, reducing this to 60% maintained a fair accuracy (AUC 74.4%).

This simple stepwise echocardiographic PH score can predict severe PH in patients with ILD.
Improved insulin sensitivity and lower postprandial triglyceride concentrations after cold-pressed turnip rapeseed oil compared to cream in patients with metabolic syndrome
Authors: Saarinen Harri Juhani , Husgafvel Sari , Pohjantähti-Maaroos Hanna , Wallenius Marja , Palomäki Ari
Published: May 2018

Background

The aim of this study was to compare acute effects of turnip rapeseed oil rich with mono- and polyunsaturated fatty acids and cream on postprandial triglyceride levels and post-glucose load measures of insulin sensitivity in population of men with metabolic syndrome.

Methods

This open-label balanced crossover study included 37 men with metabolic syndrome. They underwent an oral glucose-fat tolerance test where they ingested 75 g of glucose with either 240 mL of cream or 84 mL of turnip rapeseed oil depending on the study arm. Hourly postprandial blood samples were drawn up to 5 h after this oral glucose-fat tolerance test to determine the changes in triglyceride concentrations and to measure insulin sensitivity. Changes in insulin sensitivity were calculated with different insulin sensitivity indices (OGIS, Stumvoll, Gutt and McAuley scores) derived from measured insulin and glucose concentrations. The oral glucose-fat tolerance test was preceded by a period during which the participants consumed a daily portion of either 35 mL of turnip rapeseed oil or 37.5 g of butter depending on the study arm in addition to their habitual diets. Both dietary periods lasted from 6 to 8 weeks. After an 8-week wash-out period the subjects crossed over to the other study arm and underwent the same process with the other fat adjunct.

Results

The area under the curve for hourly triglyceride concentrations was 16% smaller after turnip rapeseed oil than after cream (13.86 [interquartile range 8.54] vs. 16.41 [9.09] mmol/l, p < 0.001). The insulin sensitivity markers of OGIS (324 [38.97] vs. 377 [68.38] p < 0.001), Stumvoll score (0.079 [0.029] vs. 0.085 [0.029], p = 0.038) and Gutt score (67.0 ± 2.78 vs. 78.8 ± 4.97 p = 0.001) were higher after turnip rapeseed oil period than after butter period. There was a non-significant change in the McAuley score.

Conclusion

Dietary turnip rapeseed oil improved postprandially measured insulin sensitivity and triglyceride concentrations compared to cream and butter. This provides a possible efficient dietary mean to treat cardiovascular risk factors.

Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov NCT01119690 (05-06-2010)
Predictive potential of macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) in patients with heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF)
Authors: Luedike Peter , Alatzides Georgios , Papathanasiou Maria , Heisler Martin , Pohl Julia , Lehmann Nils , Rassaf Tienush
Published: May 2018

Background

Prognostication in heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) is challenging and novel biomarkers are urgently needed. Macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) is a pro-inflammatory cytokine that plays a crucial role in cardiovascular and various inflammatory diseases. Whether MIF is involved in HFpEF is unknown.

Methods and results

Sixty-two patients with HFpEF were enrolled and followed up for 180 days. MIF plasma levels as well as natriuretic peptide (NP) levels were assessed. High MIF levels significantly predicted the combined end-point of all-cause death or hospitalization at 180 days in the univariate analysis (HR 2.41, 95% CI 1.12–5.19, p = 0.025) and after adjustment for relevant covariates in a Cox proportional hazard regression model (HR 2.35, 95% CI 1.05–5.27, p = 0.0374). Furthermore, MIF levels above the median were associated with higher pulmonary artery systolic pressure (PASP) as assessed by echocardiography (PASP 31 mmHg vs 48 mmHg in the low- and high-MIF group, respectively, p = 0.017). NPs significantly correlated with MIF in HFpEF patients (BNP p = 0.011; r = 0.32; NT-proBNP p = 0.027; r = 0.28).

Conclusion

MIF was associated with clinical outcomes and might be involved in the pathophysiology of pulmonary hypertension in patients with HFpEF. These first data on MIF in HFpEF should stimulate further research to elucidate the role of this cytokine in heart failure.

Trial registration NCT03232671
Mysteries of times of crisis: Hannah Arendt on morality under Nazism
Authors: Jissov Milen
Published: May 2018

The original inspiration of Hannah Arendt’s last work, The Life of the Mind, was the question of whether human thinking could help us resist evil. Arendt concluded that its answer was positive: thinking was a shield against evil. But, subverting this claim, her magnum opus, The Origins of Totalitarianism, showed that thinking could not have served as a moral safeguard in the history of Nazism. Conversely, Arendt’s interpretation of that same history, in her most controversial work Eichmann in Jerusalem, revealed an all too real defense against evil: human judgment. But, paradoxically, the model of judgment that she sketched in her philosophy of mind denied the survival of judgment under the historical conditions of Nazism, transforming its existence into a mysterious puzzle. This essay thus argues that Arendt’s philosophical thinking—her conceptions of thinking and of judgment—clashed with her understanding of the history of Nazism, and this conflict disorganized her views on morality in the time of this, the greatest political and historical crisis of the modern West.
New insights from the widening homogeneity perspective to target intratumor heterogeneity
Authors: Tong Mengying , Deng Ziqian , Zhang Xiaolong , He Bin , Yang Mengying , Cheng Wei , Liu Quentin
Published: May 2018

Precision medicine has shed new light on the treatment of heterogeneous cancer patients. However, intratumor heterogeneity strongly constrains the clinical benefit of precision medicine. Thus, rethinking therapeutic strategies from a different facet within the precision medicine framework will not only diversify clinical interventions, but also provide an avenue for precision medicine. Here, we explore the current approaches for targeting intratumor heterogeneity and their limitations. Furthermore, we propose a theoretical strategy with a “homogenization” feature based on iatrogenic evolutionary selection to target intratumor heterogeneity.
Clinically Integrated Sequencing Alters Therapy in Children and Young Adults With High-Risk Glial Brain Tumors
Authors: Koschmann Carl , Wu Yi-Mi , Kumar-Sinha Chandan , Lonigro Robert , Vats Pankaj , Kasaian Katayoon , Cieslik Marcin , Cao Xuhong , Anderson Bailey , Frank Kevin , Zhao Lili , Prensner John R. , Zureick Andrew H. , Everett Jessica , Mullan Brendan , Marini Bernard , Camelo-Piragua Sandra , Venneti Sriram , McKeever Paul , McFadden Kathryn , Lieberman Andrew P. , Leonard Marcia , Maher Cormac O. , Garton Hugh , Muraszko Karin , Robertson Patricia , Robinson Dan , Chinnaiyan Arul M. , Mody Rajen
Published: May 2018

Purpose

Brain tumors have become the leading cause of cancer-related mortality in young patients. Novel effective therapies on the basis of the unique biology of each tumor are urgently needed. The goal of this study was to evaluate the feasibility, utility, and clinical impact of integrative clinical sequencing and genetic counseling in children and young adults with high-risk brain tumors.

Patients and Methods

Fifty-two children and young adults with brain tumors designated by the treating neuro-oncologist to be high risk (> 25% chance for treatment failure; mean age, 10.2 years; range, 0 to 39 years) were enrolled in a prospective, observational, consecutive case series, in which participants underwent integrative clinical exome (tumor and germline DNA) and transcriptome (tumor RNA) sequencing and genetic counseling. Results were discussed in a multi-institutional brain tumor precision medicine teleconference.

Results

Sequencing revealed a potentially actionable germline or tumor alteration in 25 (63%) of 40 tumors with adequate tissue, of which 21 (53%) resulted in an impact on treatment or change of diagnosis. Platelet-derived growth factor receptor or fibroblast growth factor receptor pathway alterations were seen in nine of 20 (45%) glial tumors. Eight (20%) sequenced tumors harbored an oncogenic fusion isolated on RNA sequencing. Seventeen of 20 patients (85%) with glial tumors were found to have a potentially actionable result, which resulted in change of therapy in 14 (70%) patients. Patients with recurrent brain tumors receiving targeted therapy had a median progression-free survival (from time on therapy) of 4 months.

Conclusion

Selection of personalized agents for children and young adults with high-risk brain tumors on the basis of integrative clinical sequencing is feasible and resulted in a change in therapy in more than two thirds of children and young adults with high-risk glial tumors.
Subclinical Hypothyroidism in Women Planning Conception and During Pregnancy: Who Should Be Treated and How?
Authors: Maraka Spyridoula , Singh Ospina Naykky M , Mastorakos George , O’Keeffe Derek T
Published: May 2018

Subclinical hypothyroidism (SCH), a mild form of hypothyroidism defined as elevated TSH with normal free thyroxine levels, is a common diagnosis among women of reproductive age. In some, but not all, studies, it has been associated with infertility, an increased risk of adverse pregnancy and neonatal outcomes, and possibly with an increased risk of neurocognitive deficits in offspring. Despite well-established recommendations on treatment of overt hypothyroid pregnant women, a consensus has not yet been reached on whether to treat women with SCH. This review focuses on examining the evidence informing the clinical strategy for using levothyroxine (LT4) in women with SCH during pregnancy and those who are planning conception. A crucial first step is to accurately diagnose SCH using the appropriate population-based reference range. For pregnant women, if this is unavailable, the recommended TSH upper normal limit cutoff is 4.0 mIU/L. There is evidence supporting a decreased risk for pregnancy loss and preterm delivery for pregnant women with TSH > 4.0 mIU/L receiving LT4 therapy. LT4 treatment has been associated with better reproductive outcomes in women with SCH undergoing artificial reproductive techniques, but not in those who are attempting natural conception. Thyroid function tests need to be repeated throughout pregnancy to monitor LT4 therapy. In addition to potential harms, LT4 contributes to treatment burden. During a consultation, clinicians and patients should engage in a careful consideration of the current evidence in the context of the patients’ values and preferences to determine whether LT4 therapy initiation is the best next step.
Microtubules as platforms for probing liquid–liquid phase separation in cells – application to RNA-binding proteins
Authors: Maucuer Alexandre , Desforges Bénédicte , Joshi Vandana , Boca Mirela , Kretov Dmitry A. , Hamon Loic , Bouhss Ahmed , Curmi Patrick A. , Pastré David
Published: May 2018

Liquid–liquid phase separation enables compartmentalization of biomolecules in cells, notably RNA and associated proteins in the nucleus. Besides having critical functions in RNA processing, there is a major interest in deciphering the molecular mechanisms of compartmentalization orchestrated by RNA-binding proteins such as TDP-43 (also known as TARDBP) and FUS because of their link to neuron diseases. However, tools for probing compartmentalization in cells are lacking. Here, we developed a method to analyze the mixing and demixing of two different phases in a cellular context. The principle is the following: RNA-binding proteins are confined on microtubules and quantitative parameters defining their spatial segregation are measured along the microtubule network. Through this approach, we found that four mRNA-binding proteins, HuR (also known as ELAVL1), G3BP1, TDP-43 and FUS form mRNA-rich liquid-like compartments on microtubules. TDP-43 is partly miscible with FUS but immiscible with either HuR or G3BP1. We also demonstrate that mRNA is essential to capture the mixing and demixing behavior of mRNA-binding proteins in cells. Taken together, we show that microtubules can be used as platforms to understand the mechanisms underlying liquid–liquid phase separation and their deregulation in human diseases.
Effect of water temperature on diel feeding, locomotion behaviour and digestive physiology in sea cucumber Apostichopus japonicus
Authors: Sun Jiamin , Zhang Libin , Pan Yang , Lin Chenggang , Wang Fang , Yang Hongsheng
Published: May 2018

This study used controlled laboratory conditions to directly assess the role of water temperature in controlling diel feeding and locomotion behaviours, and digestive physiology in the sea cucumber Apostichopus japonicus. The results revealed that both the proportion of feeding individuals and ingestion rate were highest at 16 °C. Regardless of water temperatures, sea cucumbers appeared to be nocturnal and their peak feeding activity occurred at 00:00-04:00. Tentacle insertion rate was not significantly correlated with water temperature (< 24 °C). In all temperature treatments except 24 °C, the proportion of moving sea cucumbers was also observed to be higher at night than during the day. The water temperature above thermal threshold (24 °C) for aestivation may alter the diel locomotion rhythm. Both the highest of lipase and amylase activities were observed at 20 °C. The highest activities of lipase and amylase at all temperature treatments were observed at 22:00-02:00, which was slightly earlier than the feeding peak. In conclusion, even in total darkness, A. japonicus showed more active feeding and moving activities, and higher digestive enzyme activities at night than during the day. These results demonstrated that diel feeding and locomotion behaviours, at least in the short term, were not controlled by light or low water temperature (< 24 °C) but by an endogenous rhythm and A. japonicus had the ability to optimize the digestive function for the coming feeding peak. These findings should provide valuable information for the development of the aquaculture of this species.
O eldorado brasileiro
Authors: Aleixo Thaís
Published: May 2018

Expulsos de seu país pela pobreza, pelo desemprego e por tensões étnicas, os bolivianos que migram para o Brasil vêm em busca de prosperidade, mas desconhecem as duras condições de trabalho que encontrarão por aqui. Muitos acabarão vivendo em regime de semiescravidão.
Redes sociais: muito além da mídia
Authors: Coutinho Marcelo
Published: May 2018

Nunca foi tão importante interagir com os consumidores. Em uma era na qual as redes sociais têm o poder de aproximar o público das marcas, antecipar tendências e medir a reputação no meio eletrônico, ignorar essa ferramenta pode trazer riscos à imagem de qualquer empresa.
Entra em vigor a lei de acesso à informação
Authors: Cunha Maria Alexandra , Pinto Solon Lemos
Published: May 2018

A Lei de acesso à informação, que entrou em vigor em maio de 2012, é relevante e necessária, mas talvez leve anos para dar resultado. Informação é poder, o qual não troca de mãos placidamente pela promulgação de uma lei.
Gestão do desempenho na cadeia de suprimentos
Authors: Vasconcellos Luis
Published: May 2018

O modelo proposto pode ajudar a fornecer um diagnóstico do que se passa no conjunto de elos e assim alinhar e ajustar os objetivos estratégicos.
Academia e prática em simbiose
Authors: Tonelli Maria José , Wilner Adriana
Published: May 2018

Há algumas décadas, o conhecimento produzido nas ciências administrativas vem sendo questionado por falta de impacto na prática. Podemos dizer que há controvérsias sobre esse suposto afastamento, uma vez que professores de escolas de Administração realizam consultorias, participam de boards de empresas, ministram aulas em inúmeros programas de educação corporativa e MBAs. Nessas atividades, ficam em estreito contato com os praticantes, circulando conceitos (e modismos) produzidos na academia. Mas, ainda assim, esse questionamento persiste. Para aproximar ainda mais universidade e empresas, no mundo todo houve o crescimento de programas de Doutorado Profissional em Administração voltados exclusivamente para altos executivos. Conhecido como Doctorate in Business Administration (DBA), a modalidade tem várias escolas como expoentes, como Harvard, nos Estados Unidos, e Instituto de Empresas, na Espanha, para citar apenas dois exemplos. No Brasil, o programa foi aprovado recentemente pela Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES).
Isolation, identification and molecular characterization of Mycoplasma bovis in mastitic dairy cattle by PCR and culture methods
Authors: IMANDAR M. , POURBAKHSH S. A. , JAMSHIDIAN M. , ZAHRAEI SALEHI T.
Published: May 2018

Mycoplasma bovis is well known as one of the major causative agents of mastitis in dairy cattle herds. The aim of this study was the identification of Mycoplasma bovis strains by PCR and traditional culture methods from a total number of 328 milk samples collected from cows with clinical mastitis symptoms from all over Iran. First step cultures in PPLO broth and agar showed 58 samples (17.69%) as positive. Out of 328 samples, 97 samples (29.57%) were positive for Mycoplasma genus according to the amplification of the 16SrRNA gene performed by PCR and from them, 31 (31.97%) samples were positive by PCR on the P48 gene. The purified P48 positive PCR products were sequenced and results were compared to M. bovis reference strain PG45 (CP002188). A phylogenic tree was created using Neighbor-joining method in MEGA6 software. The studied strain IB220 showed 100% identity with the reference strain of M. bovis and followed the same phylogenetic roots while studied strain IB216 showed 99.7% homology with the reference strain. Twelve selected geographical isolated strains were subjected to Gene Bank under accession numbers of KX772789 to KX772800. This is the first study of the molecular characterization of Mycoplasma bovis in dairy cattle with clinical mastitis from Iran.
Project Method As a Universal Method of Development of Persons in the XX-XXI Century
Authors: Шевченко Наталья , Shevchenko Natalya
Published: May 2018

The new image of a person claimed in society is refl ected in the federal state educational standard of general education. The goal of education is the development of the personality, but attentive reading of the standards of general and higher education indicates a serious contradiction. Method of formation of qualities of a modern person during the XX and beginning of XXI centuries is historically defi ned method of projects on the basis of fulfi llment of the educational task of fi nding and solving the problem.
Political Promotion, CEO Incentives, and the Relationship Between Pay and Performance
Authors: Cao Xiaping , Lemmon Michael , Pan Xiaofei , Qian Meijun , Tian Gary
Published: May 2018

Both theory and empirical evidence suggest that managers’ career concerns can serve as an important source of implicit economic incentives. We examine how incentives for political promotion are related to compensation policy and firm performance in Chinese state-owned enterprises. We find that the likelihood that the CEO receives a political promotion is positively related to firm performance. We also find that CEOs with a higher likelihood of political promotion have lower pay levels and lower pay–performance sensitivity. Overall, the evidence suggests that competition in the political job market helps mitigate weak monetary incentives for CEOs in China.

Data are available at https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2017.2966 .

This paper was accepted by Lauren Cohen, finance.
Learning and Hierarchies in Service Systems
Authors: Bimpikis Kostas , Markakis Mihalis G.
Published: May 2018

Motivated by diverse application areas such as healthcare, call centers, and crowdsourcing, we consider the design and operation of service systems that process tasks with types that are ex ante unknown, and employ servers with different skill sets. Our benchmark model involves two types of tasks, Easy and Hard, and servers that are either Junior or Senior in their abilities. The service provider determines a resource allocation policy, i.e., how to assign tasks to servers over time, with the goal of maximizing the system’s long-term throughput. Information about a task’s type can only be obtained while serving it. In particular, the more time a Junior server spends on a task without service completion, the higher her belief that the task is Hard and thus needs to be rerouted to a Senior server. This interplay between service time and task-type uncertainty implies that the system’s resource allocation policy and staffing levels implicitly determine how the provider prioritizes between learning and actually serving. We show that the performance loss due to the uncertainty in task types can be significant and, interestingly, that the system’s stability region is largely dependent on the rate at which information about tasks’ types is generated. Furthermore, we consider endogenizing the servers’ capabilities: assuming that training is costly, we explore the problem of jointly optimizing over the training levels of the system’s server pools, the staffing levels, and the resource allocation policy. We find that among optimal designs there always exists one with a “hierarchical” structure, where all tasks are initially routed to the least skilled servers and then progressively move to more skilled ones, if necessary. Comparative statics indicate that uncertainty in task types leads to significantly higher staffing cost and less specialized server pools.

This paper was accepted by Serguei Netessine, operations management.
ALIMENTOS ULTRAPROCESSADOS CONGELADOS E READY TO HEAT VERSUS TENDÊNCIA DE SAÚDE E BEM-ESTAR EM PORTO ALEGRE, RIO GRANDE DO SUL
Authors: Kruel Jéssica Petersen , Gurak Poliana Deyse , Concha-Amin Monica
Published: May 2018

Objetivos: Verificar se produtos alimentícios classificados como ultraprocessados congelados e ready to heat, comercializados na cidade de Porto Alegre-RS, estão sendo fabricados com atributos da tendência de saúde e bem-estar. Metodologia: O grupo de produtos analisados inclui: pizzas, lasanhas e pratos prontos como massa à bolonhesa, massa quatro queijos, risotos, nuggets, entre outros. A escolha da unidade visitada se baseou na localização predominante da classe econômica C na cidade de Porto Alegre, registrada na Análise Socioeconômica Porto Alegre 2017. Resultados: Um total de 77% da amostra geral foi classificado com excesso de gordura; 95% com excesso de sódio; 70% sem corantes adicionados intencionalmente e 78% sem conservantes. Apenas 11% foram considerados light em sódio; 74% como não fonte de fibras; e 74% não utilizam publicidade no rótulo para diferenciar seu produto no mercado. O grupo A (das marcas mais lembradas) possuiu maior peso da porção (g), maior porcentagem vindo de gorduras totais (%), gorduras totais (g) e fibras na porção (g), maior relação sódio/kcal, maior número de ingredientes, de produtos light, de produtos fontes de fibras e uso de publicidade no rótulo. Já o grupo B (das marcas menos lembradas) apresentou unicamente maior quantidade de gordura trans na porção. Discussão: Diante de concorrentes com produtos menos “saudáveis” nas prateleiras do varejo supermercadista, as grandes marcas continuam apostando mais na produção e comercialização de grandes volumes do que na tendência de saúde e bem-estar. Conclusões: Os rótulos investigados não mostraram evidências para se encaixarem na linha de produtos com atributos da tendência de saúde e bem-estar. No entanto, para o caso de rótulos de produtos congelados ready to heat das marcas mais lembradas, foi possível identificar, embora discretamente, alguns aspectos dessa tendência, tais como presença de versões light, ter mais gramas de fibras na porção e fontes de fibras, menos gordura trans na porção e não adição de aditivos intencionalmente. Dessa forma, os consumidores da classe econômica C, em Porto Alegre, têm nessa linha de produtos poucas alternativas para uma alimentação mais saudável, sugerindo maior atenção para os formuladores de políticas e práticas para melhor qualidade de vida relacionada à nutrição.DOI: 10.12957/demetra.2018.32455
Exploring UK health-care providers' engagement of trainee doctors in leadership
Authors: Miller Christopher J , Till Alex , McKimm Judy
Published: May 2018

The need for doctors at all levels to undergo some form of leadership development is well evidenced, but provision remains patchy and models underpinning such development are often inconsistent. This article sets out the findings of a literature review into leadership development opportunities for doctors in training in the UK.
Mental health: caring for the paramedic workforce
Authors: Gilroy Rebecca
Published: May 2018

In recognition of Mental Health Awareness Week taking place this month from 14–20 May, the Journal of Paramedic Practice's Rebecca Gilroy reports on the need for paramedic practitioners to recognise, be open about and begin addressing the inevitable impact of their work on their mental health and wellbeing.
Cooling of thermal burn injuries: a literature review
Authors: Ashman Harriet
Published: May 2018

Correct initial management of thermal burns is key in promoting patient outcomes. Cooling burns with cool running water (CRW) for 20 minutes has been shown to accelerate the wound healing process, improve cosmetic outcomes and prevent burn progression. This literature review aims to increase understanding of this simple first aid (FA) intervention, help inform paramedic practice, and determine areas for further research. Three themes came to light following systematic searching of the available literature. As a result of a paucity in evidence, a wide range of topics relating to cooling burns have been explored. The topics look at how patients and carers may approach FA in burns, how pre-hospital practitioners currently manage burns patients, and the best methods to use for cooling burns. Findings suggest that there is need for improved education for the lay public and pre-hospital providers in order to improve burn outcomes through FA interventions. While CRW is supported as a beneficial intervention, further research is required into alternative cooling methods to enhance care and evidence-based practice.
CARACTERIZAÇÃO DAS VIBRAÇÕES MECÂNICAS NO E RUÍDO NO POSTO DE OPERAÇAO NO TRATOR AGRÍCOLA MODIFICADO “TRANSFORMAX”
Authors: Forastiere Paulo Roberto , Fernandes Haroldo Carlos , Teixeira Mauri Martins , Cecon Paulo Roberto , Ferreira do Nascimento Santo Diego Weslley
Published: May 2018

Os estudos ergonômicos visam adaptar o trabalho ao homem por meio da análise da tarefa, da postura e dos movimentos do trabalhador, assim como de suas exigências físicas e psicológicas, no intuito de reduzir a fadiga e o estresse, proporcionando um posto de trabalho confortável e seguro. Um dos fatores indesejáveis que ocorre em tratores agrícolas é a vibração, não só por causa do desconforto produzido e possível degradação da saúde do operador, mas também por causa do aumento das tensões dinâmicas que podem levar à fadiga e insuficiência dos elementos do trator. Já o ruído excessivo pode causar diminuição ou perda da capacidade auditiva do operador quando o tempo de exposição for muito longo. Dessa forma, objetivou-se, avaliar os níveis de ruído e vibração no posto de operação do trator agrícola modificado Transformax®, em função da força de tração e rotação do eixo motriz, com tipos de rodados, com largura de 13.6 e 18.4. Para esse experimento, foi realizada uma análise de espectro de frequências para todos os tratamentos com intuito de verificar o comportamento das vibrações verticais e longitudinais na base do posto de operação, de acordo com cada faixa de frequência e os níveis de ruído foram determinados com auxílio de um decibelímetro digital, posicionado próximo ao ouvido do operador. As variáveis, força de tração e rotação do eixo motriz, não apresentaram efeito significativo nos níveis de ruído no posto de operação do trator, entretanto, os níveis médio de ruído foram mais elevados no trator quando equipado com pneu 18.4.
CONCENTRAÇÃO DE METAIS EM UM SOLO ADUBADO COM ÁGUA RESIDUÁRIA DA BOVINOCULTURA DE LEITE
Authors: Silva Jonathas Batista Gonçalves , Martinez Mauro Aparecido , Matos Antônio Teixeira de , Oliveira Adriana Paulo de Sousa , Silva Leonardo Batista Duarte da
Published: May 2018

Neste trabalho objetivou-se avaliar os efeitos do uso da água residuária da bovinocultura de leite (ARB) na concentração de metais em um argissolo cultivado com figueira (Ficus carica L.). O trabalho foi desenvolvido na área do Sistema Integrado de Produção Agroecológica, no município de Seropédica, RJ. O nitrogênio foi tomado como nutriente de referência na adubação da figueira com aplicação da ARB. Foram avaliados os seguintes parâmetros do solo: Zn, Cu, Fe e Mn disponíveis. Os dados obtidos foram submetidos à análise de variância e as médias comparadas utilizando-se o teste de Tukey a 10% de significância. No que se refere aos teores de metais, observou-se que o uso da água residuária de bovinocultura na adubação da figueira foi capaz de reduzir a concentração dos elementos Zn, Cu, Fe e Mn que a princípio apresentavam-se em concentrações elevadas no solo, indicando níveis tóxicos. Ressalta-se que a matéria orgânica incorporada ao solo pode ter atuado na quelação e complexação, formado precipitados de baixa mobilidade dos micronutrientes Zn, Cu, Fe e Mn.