bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Lipid profile and carotid artery intima-media thickness in diabetic and non-diabetic ischaemic stroke
Authors: Pillai Preetha R. , Tiwari Dharmendra , Jatav O. P. , Rai Hindeshwari
Published: March 2017

Background: Stroke is one of the leading reasons for mortality throughout the world. Measurement of carotid intima media thickness (CIMT) is a reliable marker for the development of atherosclerosis and ischemic stroke (IS). The aim was to study and correlate lipid profile and CIMT in diabetic and non-diabetic IS patients.Methods: An observational study was done including 120 IS patients divided into two groups- diabetes (n=60, diabetic stroke patients) and non-diabetes (n=60, non-diabetic stroke patients) having age >18 years, admitted in Medicine and Neurology wards of G. R. Medical College, Gwalior, Madhya Pradesh, India between August 2015 to August 2016. Detailed history along with investigations such as fasting blood sugar (FBS), post prandial blood sugar (PPBS) and fasting lipid profile including triglycerides (TG), high density lipoprotein (HDL), low density lipoprotein (LDL), very low density lipoprotein (VLDL) and total cholesterol (TC) was done. The common and the internal carotid arteries of both sides were evaluated ultrasonographically using a high frequency linear probe. All the data were analysed using IBM SPSS- ver.20 software. Data was expressed as percentage. Analysis was performed using two-way ANOVA and independent sample student t test. Pearson correlation was used to establish the relation between the data. P values <0.05 was considered to be significant.Results: Most common age group among diabetes and non-diabetes IS patients were 51-60 years (26.66%) and 61-70 years (28.33%) respectively with male predominance (75% and 66.67% respectively). Most of the diabetic IS patients had FBS >200 mg/dl (41.66%) and PPBS >250 mg/dl, (50%). Out of 120 IS patients, 55 (45.83%) had CIMT ≤0.8 mm and 65 (54.16%) patients had CIMT >0.8 mm. Lipid parameters including TC (p=0.034), TG (p=0.022), HDL (p=0.039), VLDL (p=0.043) and LDL (p=0.017) were significantly different between groups (p<0.05). Mean CIMT in patients with diabetes and non-diabetes was 1.03±0.255 mm and 0.83±0.54 mm respectively (p=0.006). A significant positive correlation was recorded between CIMT and TC (r=0.36, p=0.006), TG (r=0.48, p=0.0001) and VLDL (r=0.46, p=0.0001) among diabetes stroke patients. Among non-diabetes stroke patients, TC (r=-0.25, p=0.042), TG (r=-0.44, p=0.0003), HDL (r=-0.33, p=0.016) and LDL (r=-0.58, p=<0.001) were negatively correlated and VLDL (r=0.92, p=<0.0001) was positively correlated with CIMT.Conclusions: Lipid parameters including TC, TG, LDL and VLDL were significantly raised in diabetic stroke patients and had a positive correlation with the risk of stroke.  CIMT was significantly high in diabetic stroke patients. Correlation of lipid parameters (TC, TG and VLDL) with CIMT in diabetic stroke patients were significantly positively correlated, in non-diabetic ischemic stroke patients’ lipid parameters (TC, TG, HDL and LDL) were negatively correlated.
Качество торгового обслуживания и лояльность потребителей в супермаркетах
Authors: Локтев Эдуард Михайлович , Саркисян Лев Григорьевич
Published: March 2017

В статье рассмотрены основные элементы качества торгового обслуживания и лояльность потребителей в супермаркетах города Донецка, а также выполнен расчет показателей уровня торгового обслуживания в розничной сети региона.
Dynamic capabilities analysis in strategic management of learning and knowledge absorption
Authors: Vargas-Hernández José G. , Muratalla-Bautista Gabriela
Published: March 2017

The objective of this study is to review the new trends in theoretical empirical and methodological investigations to analyze the dynamic capabilities of organizations that stablish the connections to manage the absorption of knowledge. The analysis begins with the assumption that the generation and development of dynamic capabilities of an organization positively favor the design of and execution of the processes to manage learning and that they define the processes of knowledge absorption. The method focuses on a theoretical and methodological analysis of the effective literature to obtain the main connections among the different ways to apply it in the Mexican context. Therefore, the conclusion is that the generation and development of management knowledge in dynamic capabilities of the organizations leads to the strategic learning and the possibilities to absorb this knowledge into organizational innovation.    Keywords: Absorption of knowledge. Dynamic capabilities. Strategic management of learning. Resumo Neste trabalho teve-se como objetivo analisar os progressos na pesquisa teórico-metodológica e empírica para analisar as capacidades dinâmicas de organizações que estabelecem as conexões para gerenciar a absorção do conhecimento. A análise parte do pressuposto de que a geração e o desenvolvimento de capacidades dinâmicas de uma organização devem incentivar positivamente a concepção e a implementação de processos de aprendizagem e de gestão que determinam a absorção do conhecimento. O método está voltado a uma análise teórica e metodológica da literatura efetiva para obter as principais conexões entre as diferentes formas de aplicá-la ao contexto mexicano. Assim, conclui-se que a geração e o desenvolvimento de conhecimentos de gestão em termos de capacidades dinâmicas das organizações levam à  aprendizagem estratégica e ao potencial de absorção desse conhecimento em inovação organizacional.Palavras-chave: Absorção de conhecimentos. Capacidades dinâmicas. Gestão estratégica de aprendizagem.
Regime diferenciado de contratações e concorrência pública: um estudo sob a ótica da economicidade
Authors: Loli Dayane Andressa , De Mello Gilmar Ribeiro , Rojo Claudio Antonio
Published: March 2017

A Lei n. 12.462 de 2011 instituiu o Regime Diferenciado de Contratações como nova modalidade licitatória. Na presente pesquisa teve-se como objetivo comparar o RDC com a Concorrência Pública nas contratações de obras de uma Universidade Federal, visando a identificar qual modalidade é mais vantajosa para a administração em termos financeiros. A pesquisa caracterizou-se como quantitativa; utilizou-se o teste estatístico não paramétrico de Mann-Whitney para a análise dos dados. Inferiu-se, dessa primeira análise, que a concorrência gerou uma economicidade três vezes maior para a administração. Dessa forma, seguiu-se com o estudo buscando-se comparar os RDCs da Universidade Federal da Fronteira Sul (UFFS) com os RDCs de outras Instituições Federais de Ensino Superior, a fim de identificar se estas possuem semelhanças quanto aos percentuais de economicidade. Aplicou-se novamente o teste estatístico de Mann-Whitney, o qual revelou que a economicidade da UFFS, nessa modalidade, é semelhante à economicidade da maioria das Instituições Federais de Ensino Superior que também a utilizam.Palavras-chave: RDC. Concorrência. Economicidade. Abstract The Differentiated Contracting Regime Act (Law n. 12.462 of 2011) established a new bidding modality. This study aimed to compare the DCR with the Public Competition in contracting works of a Federal University, to identify what mode is most advantageous for the administration in financial terms. The research was characterized as quantitative and used the non-parametric statistical test of Mann-Whitney for data analysis. It is inferred that first analysis that the competition generated three times more economicity for administration. Thus, there was sequel to the study seeking to compare the DCRs of UFFS with DCRs other Federal Institutions of Higher Education in order to identify whether they have similarities as to the percentage of economy. Was applied again statistical test of Mann-Whitney and they revealed that the UFFSs economicity of this embodiment is similar to economy in most Federal Institutions of Higher Education which used the same procedure.Keywords: DCR. Competition. Economicity .
O Rio de Janeiro a partir da chegada da Corte Portuguesa: planos, intenções e intervenções no século XIX
Authors: Carvalho Amanda Lima dos Santos
Published: March 2017

A transferência da Corte Portuguesa para o Brasilem 1808 trouxe consigo novas intenções e planospara o Brasil e para a cidade do Rio de Janeiro. A carente colônia necessitava de um governo organizado e instituições administrativas, de escolas, estradas, bancos, fábricas. Todas as mudanças que ocorreriam na estrutura urbana naquele período teriam como pano de fundo a sua adaptação à função de sede do Império. Nesse processo, afastar-se das características de cidade colonial era imprescindível para o Rio de Janeiro. A pesquisa que deu origem a esse artigo tem como objetivo resgatar, sob o olhar dos planos urbanísticos, dos projetos e das transformações efetuadas no Rio de Janeiro no século XIX, amaneira de pensar a cidade a partir da chegadada corte real, mostrando o quanto esse fato foi fundamental para alterá-la, posteriormente, no início do século XX. Os novos hábitos trazidos da metrópole europeia modificaram o comportamento dos moradores, e a Missão Francesa de 1816, chefiada por Joaquim Lebreton, contribuiu nesse processo. Durante o século XIX foram elaborados dois planos urbanísticos para a cidade do Riode Janeiro: o Relatório Beaurepaire em 1843 e o Relatório da Comissão de Melhoramentos, em1875 e 1876. Ambos tinham como preocupação questões de higiene, controle e indução do desenvolvimentoda cidade, pavimentação, aberturae alargamento de vias, além de representar em asíntese do pensamento urbanístico do momento. Ao se analisar os planos anteriormente citados, observamos muitos princípios que foram colocados em prática nas grandes intervenções urbanas do século XX.
Socialismo e progresso no Rio de Janeiro do século XIX
Authors: Fridman Fania
Published: March 2017

O artigo é uma leitura do Rio de Janeiro no século XIX, quando propostas de harmonia, progresso, abolição da escravatura e preceitos higienistas para a moradia e a cidade foram trazidas por homens e livros para o país. São apresentados alguns resultados de uma pesquisa em curso voltada para as ressonâncias do ideário socialista romântico nos projetos urbanísticos, implementados ou não, para a capital imperial. As principais fontes de consulta foram a bibliografia especializada e os periódicos publicados na cidade.
Uso de dados de sensoriamento remoto para identificação de ilhas de calor em Teresina - PI
Authors: Monteiro Felipe Ferreira , Silveira Ana Lucia Ribeiro Camilo da
Published: March 2017

As mudanças climáticas globais são uma das grandes preocupações da atualidade e em áreas urbanas o aumento de temperatura é o fenômeno mais percebido. O trabalho objetiva identificar ilhas de calor em bairros da zona leste de Teresina-PI utilizando dados do satélite Landsat-5, para o ano de 2010. Foi possível verificar a relação entre a densidade construída, o padrão de ocupação e a pouca cobertura vegetal com as áreas de maiores temperatura na área estudada. O estudo demonstrou a influência da urbanização no aumento da temperatura e a necessidade das áreas verdes para minimizar os efeitos das mudanças climáticas.
Implicações midiáticas e acadêmicas nos modos de apropriação do pensamento de Gilles Deleuze e Félix Guattari para o debate em educação no Brasil
Authors: Vinci Christian Fernando Ribeiro Guimarães , Ribeiro Cintya Regina
Published: March 2017

O presente estudo visa traçar modos de difusão e apropriação do pensamento de Gilles Deleuze e Félix Guattari no Brasil, a fim de apreender as implicações no campo educacional brasileiro. Metodologicamente, o estudo traça as condições de emergência dessas formas de apropriação, tomando o vetor midiático Jornal Folha de São Paulo como estratégico eixo de investigação. Em seguida, analisa de que modo o trabalho conjunto dos pensadores franceses, fundamentado numa política de escrita, modula as formas de experimentação com seu pensamento. Como resultado, a pesquisa aponta que o campo educacional recusa uma polarização entre formas ascéticas e exegéticas, buscando construir um campo de experimentação situado entre ambas.
Acceleration of fibroblast number and FGF-2 expression using Channa striata extract induction during wound healing process: in vivo studies in wistar rats
Authors: Oentaryo Gunawan , Istiati Istiati , Soesilawati Pratiwi
Published: March 2017

Background: Wound healing is a biological process associated with tissue growth and regeneration. Wound healing process, is important to repair damaged tissue. Wound healing process consists of coagulation and hemostasis, inflammation, proliferation, as well as remodeling phases. The process can be accelerated by taking synthetic or non synthetic drugs. One of them is Channa striata extract. The extract contains albumin, copper, and zinc, which can be assumed to increase inflammatory cell infiltration, fibroblast proliferation, and collagen secretion. Purpose: This study aimed to reveal the effects of Channa striata extracts on fibroblast number and FGF-2 expression in mucosal wound healing process of the Wistar rats’ lower lip. Method: This research was a true laboratory experimental research with randomized post test only control group design. Samples of experiment were devided to experiment and control group that consist five samples each. Experimental group was treted with Channa striata extract and ethanol at concentration of 25%, 50%, and 100%. The fibroblast number and FGF-2 expresion were examined. Result: The number of fibroblasts in the treatment groups receiving Channa striata extract at concentrations of 25%, 50%, and 100% was higher than in the control group. The highest number of fibroblasts was found on day 3 at the concentration of 100% (p<0.05). Similarly, FGF-2 expression in the treatment groups receiving Channa striata at concentrations of 25%, 50%, and 100% was higher than in the control group. The highest expression of FGF-2 was found on day 3 at the concentration of 50% (p<0.05). Conclusion: Channa striata extract increased fibroblast number and FGF-2 expression in mucosa wound healing process.
Topical application of 1% ZnSO4 on oral ulcers increases the number of macrophages in normal or diabetic conditions of wistar rats
Authors: Mujayanto Rochman , Harijanti Kus , Hernawan Iwan
Published: March 2017

Background: Therapy for chronic ulcer in diabetic patient is by modifying local inflammation response using drugs that acts as immunomodulator, neuromodulator and growth factors stimulator. Topical zinc is one of drug that can modifiy local inflammation response, immunostimulation or immunosuppresion. Purpose: This study was to prove about the number of macrophage in oral ulcer between normal and diabetes microscopically and the difference if treated by 1% ZnSO4 gel topically. Method: Ulcer in lower labial mucosa was made in normal and diabetic Wistar rats (induced by STZ), then applied 1% ZnSO4 gel and CMC-Na gel as control. They were decapitated in third and fifth day and specimen was made by processing lower labial mucosa Result: Microscopically, the result showed the number of macrophages in oral ulcer in diabetic condition was significantly higher than normal and the application of 1% ZnSO4 increased the number of macrophages in fifth day. Conclusion: The number of macrophages was higher in diabetic than normal condition, and was proven that topical application of 1% ZnSO4 increased the number macrophages of oral ulcer diabetic and normal condition.
Compressive strength and porosity tests on bovine hydroxyapatite-gelatin-chitosan scaffolds
Authors: Kartikasari Nadia , Yuliati Anita , Kriswandini Indah Liatiana
Published: March 2017

Background: Degenerative diseases, aggressive periodontitis, trauma, jaw resection, and congenital abnormalities can cause defects in jaw bone. The surgical procedure for bone reconstruction currently performed is bone regeneration graft (BRG). Unfortunately, this procedure still has many disadvantages. Thus, tissue engineering approach is necessary to be conducted. The main component used in this tissue engineering is scaffolds. Scaffolds used in bone regeneration is expected to have appropriate characteristics with bone, such as high porosity and swelling ratio, low degradation rates, and good mechanical properties. For those reasons, this research used scaffolds made from bovine hydroxyapatite (BHA), gelatin (GEL), and chitosan (K)/BHA-GEL-K as one of biomaterial candidates for bone regeneration. Purpose: This study aimed to determine compressive strength value and porosity size of BHA-GEL-K scaffolds. Method: Compressive strength of BHA-GEL-K scaffolds was tested using autograph with speed 10 mm/ min with a load cell compress machine of 100 kN. Compressive strength was calculated by force divided to surface area. Porosity test was measured using SEM. Scaffold were coated with Pb and Au, then the porosity size is calculated with SEM at 100x magnification. Result: BHA-GEL-K scaffolds had a mean compressive strength value of 174.29 kPa and a porosity size of 31.62 + 147.06 lm. Conclusion: It can be concluded that BHA-GEL-K scaffolds has a good compressive strength, but not yet resemble real bone mass, while porosity of BHA-GEL-K scaffold is appropriate for bone tissue regeneration application.
Inhibitory effects of siwak (Salvadora persica. L) extract on the growth of Enterococcus faecalis planktonics and biofilms by in vitro
Authors: Sari Ika Rhisty Cendana , Ridwan Rini Devijanti , Ernawati Diah Savitri
Published: March 2017

Background: Enterococcus faecalis (E. faecalis) is one of the most persistent gram positive bacteria in root canal, resulting in secondary infection after endodontic treatment. E. faecalis pathogenicity is caused by overgrowth of E. faecalis planktonics and biofilms. E. faecalis planktonics produce lipoteichoid acid (LTA) as a virulence factor that can defend their permeability cell. On the other hand, E. faecalis biofilms produce protease, such as Esp (enterococcal surface protein), GelE (gelatinase), and SprE (serin protease), that have quorum-sensing mechanism as an adhesion factor to form extracellular polysaccharide substance (EPS) and increase the growth of the biofilms themselves. Siwak (Salvadora persica L.) has active components, namely benzylisothio-cyanate, trimethylamine, and salvadorine that can inhibit the growth of E. faecalis planktonics and biofilms. Purpose: This study aimed to measure inhibitory effects of siwak extract on the growth of E. faecalis planktonics and biofilms. Method: This research was an antimicrobial research on the culture of E.faecalis incubated in a TSB medium. Siwak extract was diluted into different concentrations, namely 25%, 30%, 35%, 40%, 45%, 50%, 55%, 60%, 65%, 70%, 75%, and 100%. The extract then was placed into the E. faecalis’s colony and planted into Trypticase Soy Agar medium. After incubated for 24 hours at 37°C, the colony would be measured and compared with the control (+) and control (-). As an antibiofilm research, this research used biofilm microtitter assay method to form E. faecalis biofilms incubated in a well-plate medium containing TSB and 0.1 % glucose. Siwak extract then was diluted into the same range concentration as in first method, and placed into the colony of E. faecalis to form biofilms. The biofilms were measured and compared to the control (+) given siwak extract and the control (-) given 0.1% chlorhexidine. After the incubation, they were washed three times, and staining process was conducted using Chrystal violet. The optical density then was measured by ELISA Reader 595 nm. Result: Siwak extract could inhibit the growth of E. faecalis planktonics at the concentration of 35% as a minimum inhibitory concentration as well as the growth of E. faecalis biofilms at the concentration of 45% as a minimum biofilm inhibitory concentration. Conclusion: Siwak extract has an inhibitory effect, particularly at a concentration of 35% on the growth of E. faecalis planktonics and at the concentration of 45% on the growth of E. faecalis biofilms.
Melanin Bleaching with Warm Hydrogen Peroxide and Integrated Immunohistochemical Analysis: An Automated Platform
Authors: Liu Chia-Hsing , Lin Chih-Hung , Tsai Min-Jan , Chen Yu-Hsuan , Yang Sheau-Fang , Tsai Kun-Bow
Published: March 2017

Diagnosing melanocytic lesions is among the most challenging problems in the practice of pathology. The difficulty of physically masking melanin pigment and the similarity of its color to commonly used chromogens often complicate examination of the cytomorphology and immunohistochemical staining results for tumor cells. Melanin bleach can be very helpful for histopathological diagnosis of heavily pigmented melanocytic lesions. Although various depigmentation methods have been reported, no standardized methods have been developed. This study developed a fully automated platform that incorporates hydrogen peroxide-based melanin depigmentation in an automated immunohistochemical analysis. The utility of the method was tested in one cell block of malignant melanoma cells in pleural effusion, ten ocular melanoma tissue samples, and ten cutaneous melanoma tissue samples. Our results demonstrated that the proposed method, which can be performed in only 3 hours, effectively preserves cell cytomorphology and immunoreactivity. The method is particularly effective for removing melanin pigment to facilitate histopathological examination of cytomorphology and for obtaining an unmasked tissue section for immunohistochemical analysis.
Mechanical and Corrosion Behavior of Al-Zn-Cr Family Alloys
Authors: Nassef Ahmed , El-Garaihy Waleed H. , El-Hadek Medhat
Published: March 2017

Aluminum base alloys containing chromium (Cr) and zinc (Zn) were produced using extrusion and heat treated powder metallurgy. Cr addition ranged between 5 to 10 wt. % while Zn was added in an amount between 0 to 20 wt. %. Heat treatment processes were performed during powder metallurgy process at different temperatures followed by water quenching. Similar alloys were extruded, with an extrusion ratio of 4.6 to get proper densification. Optical microscopy was used for microstructure investigations of the produced alloys. The element distribution microstructure study was carried out using the Energy Dispersive X-ray analysis method. Hardness and tensile properties of the investigated alloys have been examined. Wear resistance tests were carried out and the results were compared with these of the Al-based bulk alloys. Results showed that the aluminum base alloys containing 10wt. % Chromium and heat treated at 500°C for one hour followed by water quenching exhibited the highest wear resistance and better mechanical properties.
Herbage Mass and Nutritive Value of Bermudagrass Influenced by Non‐Growing‐Season Herbicide Application
Authors: Han Kun Jun , Twidwell Edward K.
Published: March 2017

Core Ideas

Dormant‐season herbicide applications are effective in controlling cool‐season weeds in bermudagrass.

Some dormant‐season herbicide products can negatively impact bermudagrass forage production.

Dormant‐season application of glyphosate did not cause significant damage to the bermudagrass stand.

Elimination of cool‐season weeds in bermudagrass may not always be advantageous.

Application of herbicides to dormant bermudagrass [Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers] in late winter to control cool‐season weeds is a possible management practice for more marketable hay harvests. The objective of this study is to determine dormant‐season herbicide effects on bermudagrass herbage mass and nutritive value at four harvest dates typical for Louisiana. The experimental design was a randomized complete block of Roundup (glyphosate), Plateau (imazapic), Journey (imazapic + glyphosate), Pastora (nicosulfuron + metsulfuron methyl), and a control (no herbicide treatment). The treatments were applied mid‐February of 2013 and 2014. Cool‐season weeds contain lower neutral detergent fiber (NDF) concentration than bermudagrass while containing higher acid detergent fiber (ADF), crude protein (CP), and in vitro dry matter digestibility (IVDMD). Pastora resulted in the highest bermudagrass composition of 65.2% (DM basis) at the first harvest, followed by Journey, Plateau, Roundup, and control treatment with 44.2, 33.6, 28.3, and 20.7%, respectively. Herbicide × harvest interaction was significant for herbage accumulation and nutritive value. Pastures receiving Pastora and Journey accumulated less herbage with lower CP concentration than pastures receiving Roundup and control due to lower weed composition. Year × herbicide interaction was significant and herbage mass from Pastora treated pasture was lower in 2014 than 2013. It was concluded that dormant‐season herbicide applications may be beneficial for producing a weed‐free first harvest of bermudagrass hay, but may sacrifice some nutritive value provided by the inclusion of cool‐season herbage mass, grass, and broadleaf weeds, in the harvested product.
Early Fall Planting Increases Growth and Nitrogen Uptake of Winter Cereals
Authors: Lyons Sarah E. , Ketterings Quirine M. , Godwin Greg , Cherney Jerome H. , Czymmek Karl J. , Kilcer Tom
Published: March 2017

Core Ideas

Double cropping of forages can increase yield per ha and reduce nutrient loss.

Timely planted winter cereals can take up N leftover from the summer crop.

Timely planted winter cereals also provide a safe window for fall‐applied manure.

Late planting of winter cereals in corn silage rotations will limit fall N uptake.

Winter cereals such as triticale (× Triticosecale) have shown to be excellent cover and double crops in the northeastern United States due to beneficial environmental and economic qualities, including the potential to scavenge residual N and take up N from fall‐applied manure. Total fall N uptake is impacted by fall seeding date and available N supply. Here we determined the impact of fall planting date and available N on pre‐frost biomass accumulation and N uptake of triticale. Two planting dates, ranging from late August to early October, were evaluated at four locations in upstate New York. Trials were arranged in a split‐plot design, with planting date as the main treatment and N application rate (0, 34, 67, 101, 135 kg N ha−1) as the split plot treatment. All plots were harvested in November prior to frost. With no added N, earlier planting (before 20 September), on average, resulted in 21% greater biomass and 45% greater N uptake. Nitrogen addition did not increase biomass or fall N uptake for later planting dates, averaging 13 to 30 kg N ha−1 across all sites. Earlier planting dates had greater nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) and apparent nitrogen recovery (ANR), with an average N uptake of 70 to 90 kg N ha−1, suggesting early planted triticale can scavenge nutrients leftover from the previous crop and provide a more environmentally friendly opportunity for spreading manure in the fall. Additional research is needed to examine the potential for N loss in these scenarios.
Fate Characterization of Benzene Kresoxim‐Methyl (a Strobilurin Fungicide) in Different Aerobic Soils
Authors: Zhao Jinhao , Wang Likun , Cheng Jingli , Wang Wei , Ye Qingfu
Published: March 2017

Benzene kresoxim‐methyl (BKM) is a promising broad‐spectrum strobilurin fungicide widely used to control fungal pathogens in crops. However, information on its environmental fate is limited. To broaden our understanding of this fungicide's kinetic fate in aerobic soils, we labeled BKM with 14C on its benzoate ring and used ultralow‐level liquid scintillation counting coupled with high‐performance liquid chromatography analysis. Results show that degradation, mineralization, and bound residue (BR) formation of BKM was controlled by soil type and microbial community composition. Degradation of BKM followed first‐order dynamics, and the half‐lives (T1/2) were 51.7, 30.8, and 26.8 d for clay, loamy, and saline soils, respectively. After 100 d, about 0.13, 4.35, and 5.94% of the initial 14C‐BKM was mineralized, and 14.43, 19.90, and 28.81% was formed as BRs in the clay, loamy, and saline soils, respectively. About 60 to 85% of the 14C‐BKM residue in soil was extractable; of this fraction, 30 to 50% was composed of incomplete degradation intermediates. Up to 40% of extractable 14C‐BKM in soil was readily available. Our results suggest that BKM and its incomplete intermediates had a relatively long persistence in soil, which may lead to exposure for nontarget organisms. Soil microbes may play a dominant role in controlling the fate of BKM in soil as sterilization sharply decreased its mineralization rate from 4.35 to 0.03%, increased T1/2 from 30.8 to 85.6 d, and decreased the BR fraction from 19.90 to 3.25%.

Core Ideas

The fate of benzene kresoxim‐methyl (BKM) is characterized for the first time.

This fungicide has low mineralization and moderate bound residue formation in soil.

BKM persisted in soil, which may influence soil organisms.

This fungicide shows leaching/long‐distance transportation potential in soil.

Dissipation and distribution of BKM residue depends on soil type and soil microbes.
Yellow Perch (Perca flavescens) Mercury Unaffected by Wildland Fires in Northern Minnesota
Authors: Riggs Charlotte E. , Kolka Randall K. , Nater Edward A. , Witt Emma L. , Wickman Trent R. , Woodruff Laurel G. , Butcher Jason T.
Published: March 2017

Wildland fire can alter mercury (Hg) cycling on land and in adjacent aquatic environments. In addition to enhancing local atmospheric Hg redeposition, fire can influence terrestrial movement of Hg and other elements into lakes via runoff from burned upland soil. However, the impact of fire on water quality and the accumulation of Hg in fish remain equivocal. We investigated the effects of fire—specifically, a low‐severity prescribed fire and moderate‐severity wildfire—on young‐of‐the‐year yellow perch (Perca flavescens) and lake chemistry in a small remote watershed in the Boundary Waters Canoe Area Wilderness in northeastern Minnesota. We used a paired watershed approach: the fire‐affected watershed was compared with an adjacent, unimpacted (reference) watershed. Prior to fire, upland organic horizons in the two study watersheds contained 1549 μg Hg m−2 on average. Despite a 19% decrease in upland organic horizon Hg stocks due to the moderate severity wildfire fire, fish Hg accumulation and lake productivity were not affected by fire in subsequent years. Instead, climate and lake water levels were the strongest predictors of lake chemistry and fish responses in our study lakes over 9 yr. Our results suggest that low‐ to moderate‐severity wildland fire does not alter lake productivity or Hg accumulation in young‐of‐the‐year yellow perch in these small, shallow lakes in the northern deciduous and boreal forest region.

Core Ideas

The study investigated wildland fire impact on fish mercury and lake chemistry.

A paired watershed approach was used in the investigation.

Wildland fire decreased upland organic soil carbon and mercury stocks.

There was no impact of wildland fire on fish mercury or lake productivity.

Lake chemistry and fish mercury varied with climate and lake water levels.
Decoherence and pointer states in small antiferromagnets: A benchmark test
Authors: Donker Hylke , De Raedt Hans , Katsnelson Mikhail
Published: March 2017

We study the decoherence process of a four spin-1/2 antiferromagnet
that is coupled to an environment of spin-1/2 particles. The preferred
basis of the antiferromagnet is discussed in two limiting cases and we
identify two exact pointer states. Decoherence near the
two limits is examined whereby entropy is used to quantify the
robustness of states against environmental coupling. We
find that close to the quantum measurement limit, the self-Hamiltonian
of the system of interest can become dynamically relevant on macroscopic
timescales. We illustrate this point by explicitly constructing a state
that is more robust than (generic) states diagonal in the
system-environment interaction Hamiltonian.
Veterinary science in the nascent state: the animal hospital in Vilnius, 1834-1842
Authors: Magowska Anita
Published: March 2017

This article investigates early trends in veterinary research using a comparative analysis of historical records concerning a model early-19th-century animal hospital. Such a hospital was organized at the Medical and Surgical Academy in Vilnius in 1834-1842 to provide clinical teaching for vets and control animal plagues and was assumed to be a model one because its structure and activity were patterned on the best veterinary hospitals at that time which existed in Lyon, Alfort and Vienna. It has been shown that the characteristic features of veterinary medicine in the period under consideration included: conducting clinical observations and performing autopsies to clarify the pathogeneses of animal diseases; studying epizootics; anthropomorphizing sick animals, which involved borrowing knowledge from medical theories and applying fashionable therapies used on humans to animals; as well as providing practical education to vets to make them versatile and independent. Horses and dogs were the most numerous groups of patients treated at the Vilnius animal hospital.
Carpal Valgosity in Foals
Authors: Turek Bernard , Siewruk Katarzyna , Drewnowska Olga , Gajewski Zdzisław
Published: March 2017

A three-week-old Arabian female foal and a three-week-old Silesian male foal were diagnosed with carpal valgosity confirmed by radiographic evaluation. In both cases, the wire bridge method was used for treatment. After the operation, mobility restriction was recommended. Even though the foals differed significantly in weight, the outcome was good. This confirms that the wire bridge method is an effective method of treating carpal valgosity and leads to fast recovery (within 3-4 weeks).
Preliminary study on the estimation of the time of death in animals based on the microflora development in a dog’s gastrocnemius muscle
Authors: Listos Piotr , Gryzińska Magdalena , Batkowska Justyna , Dylewska Małgorzata , Dudzińska Ewa , Piórkowski Jacek
Published: March 2017

Determination of the exact time of death of a human being or animal is extremely important for investigations conducted by law enforcement agencies. The development of a single model of tests and analysis of the site of the incident would be a breakthrough for forensic and veterinary medicine in estimating the exact time of death. Microorganisms play a key role in the putrefaction process. Each stage of decomposition is characterized by the colonization of tissues by different microbial taxa. The objective of the study was to determine the suitability of microbiological tests for establishing the time of death, using the example of the gastrocnemius muscle in a dog (German Shepherd). The results of the study showed that sporulating aerobic bacteria of the species Bacillus cereus, as well as anaerobic bacteria, played a major role in the putrefaction process. No E. coli were found in the material. The first bacterial colonies belonging to the Bacillus cereus group were observed on the 7th day after the death of the animal, and their quantitative growth persisted throughout the study period, i.e. until the 21st day after death. The analysis carried out in this study shows that Bacillus cereus bacteria appear much sooner than anaerobic bacteria.
Occurrence and diagnosis of swine vesicular disease: past and present status
Authors: Niedbalski Wiesław , Fitzne Andrzej
Published: March 2017

Swine vesicular disease (SVD) was first observed in Italy in 1966, where it was clinically recognised as foot-and-mouth disease (FMD). SVD virus (SVDV) was subsequently isolated in an FMD vaccine trial in Hong Kong. At the beginning of the 1970s, it spread to several other European and Asian countries: Bulgaria, Austria, Italy, Great Britain, Poland, former Soviet Union (Ukraine), Romania, France, Germany, Belgium, Switzerland, the Netherlands and Japan, and lasted until the beginning of the 1980s. After that period, SVD outbreaks were sporadic. The disease was almost forgotten until it flamed up again in 1992 in the Netherlands. Once again it spread to several other European countries, such as Belgium, Spain, Portugal and Italy. Since 1995, SVD has been reported in Europe almost exclusively in Italy, except two isolated outbreaks in Portugal. Since the last two SVD outbreaks in 2014 in the Potenza province (Basilicata region), no new SVD outbreaks have been reported either in Italy or in any other European country. The clinical resemblance of SVD to FMD highlights the need for its reliable identification and discrimination. Differentiation from FMD, though not possible clinically, is feasible if appropriate diagnostic tests are applied. Improvements in diagnostic techniques are making differential diagnosis of vesicular disease increasingly affordable, feasible and easy, and nowadays, portable devices are capable of a rapid and accurate differentiation of SVDV from FMDV infections on site. As these tests become economical and as competent laboratory services become more and more accessible, the restrictions originally imposed on SVD because of its similarity to FMD will no longer be justified. This, together with the fact that in recent years SVD has been predominantly asymptomatic, makes it necessary to rethink the measures currently in place for the control and diagnosis of SVD. Therefore, by the decision of OIE, the SVD chapter was removed from the Terrestrial Code in January 2015. Consequently, the European Commission (EC) informed the Pirbright Institute that the EU Reference Laboratory for SVD would no longer receive financial support. Moreover, the EC position is that notification requirements have ceased in January 2015.
Effect of en bloc ovariohysterectomy on Th1/Th2 cytokine balance and organ histopathology in rats
Authors: Risvanli Ali , Timurkaan Necati , Saat Nevzat , Dogan Halef , Seker Ibrahim
Published: March 2017

The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of en bloc ovariohysterectomy on the Th1/Th2 cytokine balance, as well as on visceral organ and brain histopathology in rats. A total of 28 Sprague Dawley female rats aged 3-4 months and weighing 200-250 grams were used in the study. Fourteen of them were pregnant. The 14 non-pregnant rats were divided into two groups: the control group (Group 1, n:7) and the ovariohysterectomized group (Group 2, n:7). All rats underwent en bloc ovariohysterectomy on gestational day 20-21. The 14 pregnant rats were divided into two groups: those with live infants were grouped as Group 3 and those with dead infants were grouped as Group 4. All the rats (n: 28) were decapitated at the end of one month, blood samples were obtained, and the organs were isolated. The Th1 [interleukin 2 (IL-2), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα)] and Th2 [interleukin 4 (IL-4), and interleukin 10 (IL-10)] levels in the blood sera were measured by the ELISA method, and histopathological analysis was performed on the isolated tissues. The differences between the groups were found to be insignificant with regard to IL–2, IL–4, and TNFα levels (p>0.05). However, a significant difference was observed for IL-10 levels between Groups 3 and 4 (p<0.05), and the highest IL-10 level (150.32 ±71.64 pg/ml) was determined in Group 4. No important pathological findings were observed in the cardiac and brain tissues of any of the animals in the histopathological examination. Inflammatory changes were observed in the pulmonary and renal tissues of the rats in Groups 2, 3, and 4, where the changes were commonly interstitial pneumonia in Groups 2 and 4, and interstitial nephritis in Group 3. According to the findings of this study, en bloc and standard ovariohysterectomies performed in rats had similar effects on the Th1/Th2 cytokine balance and the histopathology of the brain and visceral organs
Biogenic amines in rennet ripening cheeses as a health risk to consumers
Authors: Madejska Anna , Michalski Mirosław , Osek Jacek
Published: March 2017

Biogenic amines are nitrogen compounds which are products of the decarboxylation of free amino acids. They are produced with the participation of bacterial microflora producing enzymes, and they may be introduced together with food into the human body. The highest amounts of biogenic amines are found in meat, fish and cheeses. Consumption of products containing biogenic amines can cause food poisoning and allergies in consumers. The most common amines in cheeses are tyramine, histamine, putrescine, cadaverine and 2-phenylethylamine. The formation of amines depends on the technology of food production, storage conditions (temperature, time, pH, moisture), the quality of the raw materials (the content of free amino acids, proteins, salts, sugars) and the presence of microorganisms producing decarboxylases. This article describes different types of biogenic amines, their formation, detection methods and health risks to consumers. Information on the harmfulness of biogenic amines and on factors conducive to their production may help prevent poisoning with these compounds.
Hamartoma: a rare developmental disorder
Authors: Bartyzel Bartłomiej J. , Max Andrzej , Gruszczyńska Joanna , Sobczak-Filipiak Małgorzata , Męcik-Kronenberg Tomasz , Pankowski Filip
Published: March 2017

Hamartoma is a developmental disorder of various body parts and organs. It is characterized by a non-neoplastic growth of tissue with an uneven distribution and proportion of individual cells. Lesions progress for several years, but usually do not give clinical symptoms, and do not undergo malignant transformation. They occur alone or coexist with other defects, sometimes forming a characteristic clinical picture of a syndrome of congenital defects. Mutations in genes, such as PTEN, GLI3, SDH B/D, PIK3CA and ACT1, cause a dysfunction of the tumor suppressor gene and result in an increased neoplastic transformation. Hamartoma is a lesion between developmental disorders and benign tumors, which occurs frequently in humans, but is very rare in domestic animals. In a histopathological examination, however, it is diagnosed relatively often. In the veterinary literature, both hamartoma and choristoma are attributed mostly to errors in embryogenesis and are not considered as preneoplastic lesions.
Libertad y destino según Max Scheler
Authors: Alonso-Bastarreche Gonzalo
Published: March 2017

El problema filosófico del libre albedrío tiene muchas caras, que tocan muy diversas disciplinas. Una de ellas es la armonización de libertad y destino. El libre albedrío parece ir en contra del destino entendido como algo inevitable, como fatum. Scheler afirma la existencia de la libertad, con muchos argumentos y con una perspectiva original. No obstante, dice que el destino es el límite del libre albedrío. Esto significa que en realidad ambas nociones no son diametralmente opuestas, sino que son realidades con varias dimensiones y una complejidad interna. Son más compatibles entre sí de lo que parece: el destino es una puerta fenomenológica a una noción de libertad superior al libre albedrío.
Kant, y la polémica entre el constructivismo y el realismo. Reflexiones para un enfoque kantiano-constitutivista del dilema de Eutifrón.
Authors: González Martín Fleitas
Published: March 2017

La intensa discusión que mantienen los constructivistas y realistas en torno a si Kant habría asumido una teoría de valor “proyeccionista” o “detectivista”, ha puesto al desnudo las insuficiencias del lenguaje y los términos empleados. Lo que podríamos llamar “lenguaje de Eutifrón”, no parece abrigar la suficiente sensibilidad como para capturar la singularidad de la ética kantiana. Ciertamente, Kant realiza afirmaciones proyeccionistas y detectivistas, y esto se debe a que su enfoque acerca de la normatividad posee componentes tanto constructivistas como realistas. En virtud de ello, el presente trabajo defiende la tesis de que la ética kantiana asume una teoría “constitutivista” del valor, la cual, en pocas palabras, entiende que las fuentes de la normatividad y el valor son construcciones reflexivas del agente que implican, al mismo tiempo, y de forma performativa, la asunción realista de la libertad en cuanto que valor absoluto.
Faecal sludge as a solid industrial fuel: a pilot-scale study
Authors: Gold Moritz , Ddiba Daniel Isaac Waya , Seck Alsane , Sekigongo Patrick , Diene Alassane , Diaw Serigne , Niang Seydou , Niwagaba Charles , Strande Linda
Published: March 2017

Revenues from faecal sludge (FS) treatment end products could offset treatment costs and contribute to financially viable sanitation. In urban sub-Saharan Africa, energy-producing resource recovery has the potential to generate greater revenue than use as soil conditioner. In contrast with wastewater sludge, the technical feasibility of using dried FS as solid fuel in industries has not been investigated. This study evaluated it through characterization of dried FS from drying beds and by assessing the combustion performance in two pilot-scale kilns, in Kampala and Dakar. Results from the fuel characterization demonstrate that dried FS had comparable fuel characteristics as wastewater sludge considering calorific value and ash content. The calorific values and ash contents were 10.9–13.4 MJ/kg dry matter (DM) and 47.0–58.7%, respectively. Results from pilot-scale experiments suggest that dried FS can be effective in providing energy for industries. Temperatures in pilot-scale kilns fueled by FS were 800 °C, sufficient for curing of clay bricks, and 437 °C, sufficient for waste oil regeneration. In Kampala and Dakar, an estimated 20,000 tons of FS DM per year accumulate. Tapping the industrial fuel market and financial benefits could be realized through optimization of onsite sanitation and treatment technologies.
Combined ultrafiltration-electrodeionization technique for production of high purity water
Authors: Wardani Anita Kusuma , Hakim Ahmad Nurul , Khoiruddin  , Wenten I Gede
Published: March 2017

Electrodeionization (EDI) is the most common method to produce high purity water used for boiler feed water, microelectronic, and pharmaceutical industries. Commonly, EDI is combined with reverse osmosis (RO) to meet the requirement of EDI feed water, with hardness less than 1 ppm. However, RO requires a relatively high operating pressure and ultrafiltration (UF) as pretreatment which results in high energy consumption and high complexity in piping and instrumentation. In this work, UF was used as the sole pretreatment of EDI to produce high purity water. Tap water with conductivity 248 μS/cm was fed to UF-EDI system. The UF-EDI system showed good performance with ion removal more than 99.4% and produced water with low conductivity from 0.2 to 1 μS/cm and total organic compounds less than 0.3 ppm. Generally, product conductivity decreased with the increase of current density of EDI and the decrease of feed velocity and UF pressure. The energy consumption for UF-EDI system in this work was 0.89–2.36 kWh/m3. These results proved that UF-EDI system meets the standards of high purity water for pharmaceutical and boiler feed water with lower investment and energy consumption than RO-EDI system.