bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Sirt1 deacetylates and stabilizes p62 to promote hepato-carcinogenesis
Authors: Feng Lifeng , Chen Miaoqin , Li Yiling , Li Muchun , Hu Shiman , Zhou Bingluo , Zhu Liyuan , Yu Lei , Zhou Qiyin , Tan Linghui , An Huimin , Wang Xian , Jin Hongchuan
Published: April 2021

p62/SQSTM1 is frequently up-regulated in many cancers including hepatocellular carcinoma. Highly expressed p62 promotes hepato-carcinogenesis by activating many signaling pathways including Nrf2, mTORC1, and NFκB signaling. However, the underlying mechanism for p62 up-regulation in hepatocellular carcinoma remains largely unclear. Herein, we confirmed that p62 was up-regulated in hepatocellular carcinoma and its higher expression was associated with shorter overall survival in patients. The knockdown of p62 in hepatocellular carcinoma cells decreased cell growth in vitro and in vivo. Intriguingly, p62 protein stability could be reduced by its acetylation at lysine 295, which was regulated by deacetylase Sirt1 and acetyltransferase GCN5. Acetylated p62 increased its association with the E3 ligase Keap1, which facilitated its poly-ubiquitination-dependent proteasomal degradation. Moreover, Sirt1 was up-regulated to deacetylate and stabilize p62 in hepatocellular carcinoma. Additionally, Hepatocyte Sirt1 conditional knockout mice developed much fewer liver tumors after Diethynitrosamine treatment, which could be reversed by the re-introduction of exogenous p62. Taken together, Sirt1 deacetylates p62 at lysine 295 to disturb Keap1-mediated p62 poly-ubiquitination, thus up-regulating p62 expression to promote hepato-carcinogenesis. Therefore, targeting Sirt1 or p62 is a reasonable strategy for the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma.
THAP9-AS1/miR-133b/SOX4 positive feedback loop facilitates the progression of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Cheng Jiwei , Ma Haibo , Yan Ming , Xing Wenqun
Published: April 2021

Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) is one of the most common malignant tumors in the digestive system with a high incidence and poor prognosis. Long non-coding RNAs (LncRNA) have been reported to be closely associated with the occurrence and development of various human cancers. Data from GSE89102 shows an increase of THAP9-AS1 expression in ESCC. However, its functions and mechanisms underlying ESCC progression remain to be investigated. In this study, we found that THAP9-AS1 was overexpressed in ESCC tissues and cells. High THAP9-AS1 expression was positively correlated with tumor size, TNM stage, lymph node metastasis, and worse prognosis. Functionally, depletion of THAP9-AS1 suppressed cell proliferation, migration, and invasion, while enhanced apoptosis in vitro. Consistently, knockdown of THAP9-AS1 inhibited xenograft tumor growth in vivo. Mechanistically, THAP9-AS1 could serve as a competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) for miR-133b, resulting in the upregulation of SOX4. Reciprocally, SOX4 bound to the promoter region of THAP9-AS1 to activate its transcription. Moreover, the anti-tumor property induced by THAP9-AS1 knockdown was significantly impaired due to miR-133b downregulation or SOX4 overexpression. Taken together, our study reveals a positive feedback loop of THAP9-AS1/miR-133b/SOX4 to facilitate ESCC progression, providing a potential molecular target to fight against ESCC.
Mint3 depletion-mediated glycolytic and oxidative alterations promote pyroptosis and prevent the spread of Listeria monocytogenes infection in macrophages
Authors: Uematsu Takayuki , Tsuchiya Kohsuke , Kobayashi Noritada , Seiki Motoharu , Inoue Jun-ichiro , Kaneko Shuichi , Sakamoto Takeharu
Published: April 2021

Listeria monocytogenes (LM) infection induces pyroptosis, a form of regulated necrosis, in host macrophages via inflammasome activation. Here, we examined the role of Mint3 in macrophages, which promotes glycolysis via hypoxia-inducible factor-1 activation, during the initiation of pyroptosis following LM infection. Our results showed that Mint3-deficient mice were more resistant to lethal listeriosis than wild-type (WT) mice. Additionally, the mutant mice showed higher levels of IL-1β/IL-18 in the peritoneal fluid during LM infection than WT mice. Moreover, ablation of Mint3 markedly increased the activation of caspase-1, maturation of gasdermin D, and pyroptosis in macrophages infected with LM in vitro, suggesting that Mint3 depletion promotes pyroptosis. Further analyses revealed that Mint3 depletion upregulates inflammasome assembly preceding pyroptosis via glycolysis reduction and reactive oxygen species production. Pharmacological inhibition of glycolysis conferred resistance to listeriosis in a Mint3-dependent manner. Moreover, Mint3-deficient mice treated with the caspase-1 inhibitor VX-765 were as susceptible to LM infection as WT mice. Taken together, these results suggest that Mint3 depletion promotes pyroptosis in host macrophages, thereby preventing the spread of LM infection. Mint3 may serve as a target for treating severe listeriosis by inducing pyroptosis in LM-infected macrophages.
Ferroptotic cell death triggered by conjugated linolenic acids is mediated by ACSL1
Authors: Beatty Alexander , Singh Tanu , Tyurina Yulia Y. , Tyurin Vladimir A. , Samovich Svetlana , Nicolas Emmanuelle , Maslar Kristen , Zhou Yan , Cai Kathy Q. , Tan Yinfei , Doll Sebastian , Conrad Marcus , Subramanian Aravind , Bayır Hülya , Kagan Valerian E. , Rennefahrt Ulrike , Peterson Jeffrey R.
Published: April 2021

Ferroptosis is associated with lipid hydroperoxides generated by the oxidation of polyunsaturated acyl chains. Lipid hydroperoxides are reduced by glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4) and GPX4 inhibitors induce ferroptosis. However, the therapeutic potential of triggering ferroptosis in cancer cells with polyunsaturated fatty acids is unknown. Here, we identify conjugated linoleates including α-eleostearic acid (αESA) as ferroptosis inducers. αESA does not alter GPX4 activity but is incorporated into cellular lipids and promotes lipid peroxidation and cell death in diverse cancer cell types. αESA-triggered death is mediated by acyl-CoA synthetase long-chain isoform 1, which promotes αESA incorporation into neutral lipids including triacylglycerols. Interfering with triacylglycerol biosynthesis suppresses ferroptosis triggered by αESA but not by GPX4 inhibition. Oral administration of tung oil, naturally rich in αESA, to mice limits tumor growth and metastasis with transcriptional changes consistent with ferroptosis. Overall, these findings illuminate a potential approach to ferroptosis, complementary to GPX4 inhibition.
HP1 drives de novo 3D genome reorganization in early Drosophila embryos
Authors: Zenk Fides , Zhan Yinxiu , Kos Pavel , Löser Eva , Atinbayeva Nazerke , Schächtle Melanie , Tiana Guido , Giorgetti Luca , Iovino Nicola
Published: April 2021

Fundamental features of 3D genome organization are established de novo in the early embryo, including clustering of pericentromeric regions, the folding of chromosome arms and the segregation of chromosomes into active (A-) and inactive (B-) compartments. However, the molecular mechanisms that drive de novo organization remain unknown1,2. Here, by combining chromosome conformation capture (Hi-C), chromatin immunoprecipitation with high-throughput sequencing (ChIP–seq), 3D DNA fluorescence in situ hybridization (3D DNA FISH) and polymer simulations, we show that heterochromatin protein 1a (HP1a) is essential for de novo 3D genome organization during Drosophila early development. The binding of HP1a at pericentromeric heterochromatin is required to establish clustering of pericentromeric regions. Moreover, HP1a binding within chromosome arms is responsible for overall chromosome folding and has an important role in the formation of B-compartment regions. However, depletion of HP1a does not affect the A-compartment, which suggests that a different molecular mechanism segregates active chromosome regions. Our work identifies HP1a as an epigenetic regulator that is involved in establishing the global structure of the genome in the early embryo.
Crystal, spectroscopic and quantum mechanics studies of Schiff bases derived from 4-nitrocinnamaldehyde
Authors: Ani Friday E. , Ibeji Collins U. , Obasi Nnamdi L. , Kelani Monsuru T. , Ukogu Kingsley , Tolufashe Gideon F. , Ogundare Segun A. , Oyeneyin Oluwatoba E. , Maguire Glenn E. M. , Kruger Hendrik G.
Published: April 2021

Two Schiff bases, (E)-1-(4-methoxyphenyl)-N-((E)-3-(4-nitrophenyl)allylidene)methanamine (compound 1) and (E)-N-((E)-3-(4-nitrophenyl)allylidene)-2-phenylethanamine (compound 2) have been synthesized and characterized using spectroscopic methods; time of flight MS, 1H and 13C NMR, FT-IR, UV–VIS, photoluminescence and crystallographic methods. The structural and electronic properties of compounds 1 and 2 in the ground state were also examined using the DFT/B3LYP functional and 6-31 + G(d,p) basis set, while the electronic transitions for excited state calculations were carried out using the TD-DFT/6-31 + G(d,p) method. The Schiff base compounds, 1 and 2 crystallized in a monoclinic crystal system and the P21/c space group. The emission spectra of the compounds are attributed to conjugated π-bond interaction while the influence of the intra-ligand charge transfer resulted in a broad shoulder for 1 and a double emission peak for 2. The calculated transitions at 450 and 369 nm for 1 and 2 respectively are in reasonable agreement with the experimental results. The higher values of dipole moment, linear polarizability and first hyperpolarizability of 1, suggest a better optical property and better candidate for the development of nonlinear optical (NLO) materials.
Exploration of prognostic factors for critical COVID-19 patients using a nomogram model
Authors: Li Juan , Wang Lili , Liu Chun , Wang Zhengquan , Lin Yi , Dong Xiaoqi , Fan Rui
Published: April 2021

The study aimed to explore the influencing factors on critical coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients’ prognosis and to construct a nomogram model to predict the mortality risk. We retrospectively analyzed the demographic data and corresponding laboratory biomarkers of 102 critical COVID-19 patients with a residence time ≥ 24 h and divided patients into survival and death groups according to their prognosis. Multiple logistic regression analysis was performed to assess risk factors for critical COVID-19 patients and a nomogram was constructed based on the screened risk factors. Logistic regression analysis showed that advanced age, high peripheral white blood cell count (WBC), low lymphocyte count (L), low platelet count (PLT), and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) were associated with critical COVID-19 patients mortality risk (p < 0.05) and these were integrated into the nomogram model. Nomogram analysis showed that the total factor score ranged from 179 to 270 while the corresponding mortality risk ranged from 0.05 to 0.95. Findings from this study suggest advanced age, high WBC, high hs-CRP, low L, and low PLT are risk factors for death in critical COVID-19 patients. The Nomogram model is helpful for timely intervention to reduce mortality in critical COVID-19 patients.
Author Correction: An image encryption scheme based on public key cryptosystem and quantum logistic map
Authors: Ye Guodong , Jiao Kaixin , Huang Xiaoling , Goi Bok‑Min , Yap Wun‑She
Published: April 2021

An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via a link at the top of the paper.
Efficient few-shot machine learning for classification of EBSD patterns
Authors: Kaufmann Kevin , Lane Hobson , Liu Xiao , Vecchio Kenneth S.
Published: April 2021

Deep learning is quickly becoming a standard approach to solving a range of materials science objectives, particularly in the field of computer vision. However, labeled datasets large enough to train neural networks from scratch can be challenging to collect. One approach to accelerating the training of deep learning models such as convolutional neural networks is the transfer of weights from models trained on unrelated image classification problems, commonly referred to as transfer learning. The powerful feature extractors learned previously can potentially be fine-tuned for a new classification problem without hindering performance. Transfer learning can also improve the results of training a model using a small amount of data, known as few-shot learning. Herein, we test the effectiveness of a few-shot transfer learning approach for the classification of electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) pattern images to six space groups within the $$\left( {4/m \overline {3} 2/m} \right)$$

4
/
m

3
¯

2
/
m

point group. Training history and performance metrics are compared with a model of the same architecture trained from scratch. In an effort to make this approach more explainable, visualization of filters, activation maps, and Shapley values are utilized to provide insight into the model’s operations. The applicability to real-world phase identification and differentiation is demonstrated using dual phase materials that are challenging to analyze with traditional methods.
Design new epoxy nanocomposite coatings based on metal vanadium oxy-phosphate M0.5VOPO4 for anti-corrosion applications
Authors: Deyab M. A. , El Bali Brahim , Mohsen Q. , Essehli Rachid
Published: April 2021

Epoxy nanocomposite coatings are an essential way to protect petroleum storage tanks from corrosion. For this purpose, the new nanocomposite epoxy coatings (P-M/epoxy composites) have been successfully designed. The P-M/epoxy composites are based on the metal vanadium oxy-phosphate M0.5VOPO4 (where M = Mg, Ni, and Zn). The function of P-M/epoxy composites as anti-corrosion coatings was explored using electrochemical and mechanical tests. Using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), it has been noticed that the pore resistance and polarization resistance of the P-M/epoxy composites remain higher as compared to the neat epoxy. The P-M/epoxy composites have the greatest impact on the cathodic dis-bonded area and water absorption. Besides, P-M/epoxy composites exhibit a very high order of mechanical properties. Further, Mg0.5VOPO4 has the greatest effect on the anti-corrosion properties of epoxy coating followed by Zn0.5VOPO4 and Ni0.5VOPO4. All these properties lead to developing effective anti-corrosion coatings. Thus, the net result from this research work is highly promising and provides a potential for future works on the anti-corrosion coating.
Altered pupillary light responses are associated with the severity of autonomic symptoms in patients with Fabry disease
Authors: Bitirgen Gulfidan , Turkmen Kultigin , Zengin Nazmi , Malik Rayaz A.
Published: April 2021

Symptoms of autonomic dysfunction are common in Fabry disease. In this study we aimed to evaluate alterations in the pupillary response to white light stimulation in patients with Fabry disease and their association with the severity of autonomic symptoms. Fourteen consecutive patients with Fabry disease and 14 healthy control participants were enrolled in this cross-sectional study. The Mainz Severity Score Index (MSSI) was used to measure the severity of Fabry disease and the Composite Autonomic Symptom Scale 31 (COMPASS 31) questionnaire was used to evaluate the severity of autonomic symptoms. The pupil light responses were assessed with an infrared dynamic pupillometry unit. There were significant reductions in the amplitude (P = 0.048) and duration (P = 0.048) of pupil contraction, and the latency of pupil dilation (P = 0.048) in patients with Fabry disease compared to control subjects. The total weighted COMPASS 31 score correlated with MSSI (r = 0.592; P = 0.026) and the duration of pupil dilation (ρ = 0.561; P = 0.037). The pupillomotor weighted sub-score of the COMPASS 31 correlated inversely with the duration of pupil contraction (r = − 0.600; P = 0.023) and latency of pupil dilation (ρ = − 0.541; P = 0.046), and directly with the duration of pupil dilation (ρ = 0.877; P < 0.001) and MSSI (r = 0.533; P = 0.049). In conclusion, abnormal pupillary function is demonstrated in patients with Fabry disease, which is associated with the severity of autonomic symptoms.
Author Correction: Years of life lost to COVID-19 in 81 countries
Authors: Pifarré i Arolas Héctor , Acosta Enrique , López‑Casasnovas Guillem , Lo Adeline , Nicodemo Catia , Riffe Tim , Myrskylä Mikko
Published: April 2021

An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via a link at the top of the paper.
Predictive value of brachial artery flow-mediated dilation on coronary artery abnormality in acute stage of Kawasaki disease
Authors: Wen Yizhou , Wang Xianmin , Guo Yonghong , Jin Mei , Xi Jimei , Chen Tingting , Shi Kun , Lu Yaheng
Published: April 2021

Coronary artery abnormalities (CAAs) are a severe complication of Kawasaki disease (KD) that may lead to cardiovascular events. Given the evidence that brachial artery flow-mediated dilation (FMD) decreases in children after the onset of KD, we hypothesized that it could be an early marker of CAA development in the acute stage and investigated its relationship with variation in the coronary artery diameter. A total of 326 sex- and age-matched children were enrolled, including 120 with KD, 109 febrile children and 97 healthy controls. In this study, FMD was significantly decreased in the KD group compared with the febrile and healthy groups. FMD was lower in the CAA group than in the no coronary artery abnormality group. The comparison of FMD showed an obvious difference among the CAA subgroups. The FMD in the coronary aneurysm (CA) group showed a strong negative correlation with the pretreatment maximum coronary artery Z-score (preZmax). While preZmax was 2.5, the receiver operating characteristic curve indicated an optimal cutoff point of 3.44% for FMD. FMD ≤ 3.44% could be considered as a signal of coronary lesions in acute stage of KD.
Author Correction: Functional connectome differences in individuals with hallucinations across the psychosis continuum
Authors: Schutte Maya J. L. , Bohlken Marc M. , Collin Guusje , Abramovic Lucija , Boks Marco P. M. , Cahn Wiepke , Dauwan Meenakshi , van Dellen Edwin , van Haren Neeltje E. M. , Hugdahl Kenneth , Koops Sanne , Mandl René C. W. , Sommer Iris E. C.
Published: April 2021

An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via a link at the top of the paper.
Author Correction: Direct current stimulation enhances neuronal alpha-synuclein degradation in vitro
Authors: Sala Gessica , Bocci Tommaso , Borzì Valentina , Parazzini Marta , Priori Alberto , Ferrarese Carlo
Published: April 2021

An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via a link at the top of the paper.
Author Correction: Unsupervised microstructure segmentation by mimicking metallurgists’ approach to pattern recognition
Authors: Kim Hoheok , Inoue Junya , Kasuya Tadashi
Published: April 2021

An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via a link at the top of the paper.
Author Correction: A role of color vision in emmetropization in C57BL/6J mice
Authors: Yang Jinglei , Yang Li , Chen Rongfang , Zhu Yun , Wang Siyao , Hou Xueqin , Wei Bei , Wang Qiongsi , Liu Yue , Qu Jia , Zhou Xiangtian
Published: April 2021

An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via a link at the top of the paper.
Author Correction: Molecular patterns of isolated tubulitis differ from tubulitis with interstitial inflammation in early indication biopsies of kidney allografts
Authors: Hruba Petra , Madill-Thomsen Katelynn , Mackova Martina , Klema Jiri , Maluskova Jana , Voska Ludek , Parikova Alena , Slatinska Janka , Halloran Philip F. , Viklicky Ondrej
Published: April 2021

An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via a link at the top of the paper.
Multi-omics phenotyping of the gut-liver axis reveals metabolic perturbations from a low-dose pesticide mixture in rats
Authors: Mesnage Robin , Teixeira Maxime , Mandrioli Daniele , Falcioni Laura , Ibragim Mariam , Ducarmon Quinten Raymond , Zwittink Romy Daniëlle , Amiel Caroline , Panoff Jean-Michel , Bourne Emma , Savage Emanuel , Mein Charles A. , Belpoggi Fiorella , Antoniou Michael N.
Published: April 2021

Health effects of pesticides are not always accurately detected using the current battery of regulatory toxicity tests. We compared standard histopathology and serum biochemistry measures and multi-omics analyses in a subchronic toxicity test of a mixture of six pesticides frequently detected in foodstuffs (azoxystrobin, boscalid, chlorpyrifos, glyphosate, imidacloprid and thiabendazole) in Sprague-Dawley rats. Analysis of water and feed consumption, body weight, histopathology and serum biochemistry showed little effect. Contrastingly, serum and caecum metabolomics revealed that nicotinamide and tryptophan metabolism were affected, which suggested activation of an oxidative stress response. This was not reflected by gut microbial community composition changes evaluated by shotgun metagenomics. Transcriptomics of the liver showed that 257 genes had their expression changed. Gene functions affected included the regulation of response to steroid hormones and the activation of stress response pathways. Genome-wide DNA methylation analysis of the same liver samples showed that 4,255 CpG sites were differentially methylated. Overall, we demonstrated that in-depth molecular profiling in laboratory animals exposed to low concentrations of pesticides allows the detection of metabolic perturbations that would remain undetected by standard regulatory biochemical measures and which could thus improve the predictability of health risks from exposure to chemical pollutants.
Correction: Enhanced structural stability and overall conductivity of Li-rich layered oxide materials achieved by a dual electron/lithium-conducting coating strategy for high-performance lithium-ion batteries
Authors: Gao Dan , Zeng Zhisen , Mi Hongwei , Sun Lingna , Ren Xiangzhong , Zhang Peixin , Li Yongliang
Published: April 2021

Correction for ‘Enhanced structural stability and overall conductivity of Li-rich layered oxide materials achieved by a dual electron/lithium-conducting coating strategy for high-performance lithium-ion batteries’ by Dan Gao et al., J. Mater. Chem. A, 2019, 7, 23964–23972, DOI: 10.1039/C9TA04551A.
Activity of TRAPPIST–1 analog stars observed with TESS
Authors: Seli Bálint , Vida Krisztián , Moór Attila , Pál András , Oláh Katalin
Published: April 2021

As more exoplanets are being discovered around ultracool dwarfs, understanding their magnetic activity and the implications for habitability is of prime importance. To find stellar flares and photometric signatures related to starspots, continuous monitoring is necessary, which can be achieved with spaceborne observatories such as the Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite (TESS). We present an analysis of TRAPPIST–1 analog ultracool dwarfs with TESS full-frame image photometry from the first two years of the primary mission. A volume-limited sample up to 50 pc is constructed consisting of 339 stars closer than 0.​m5 to TRAPPIST–1 on the Gaia color–magnitude diagram. We analyzed the 30 min cadence TESS light curves of 248 stars, searching for flares and rotational modulation caused by starspots. The composite flare frequency distribution of the 94 identified flares shows a power-law index that is similar to TRAPPIST–1 and contains flares up to ETESS = 3 × 1033 erg. Rotational periods shorter than 5d were determined for 42 stars, sampling the regime of fast rotators. The ages of 88 stars from the sample were estimated using kinematic information. A weak correlation between rotational period and age is observed, which is consistent with magnetic braking.
Magnetized relativistic jets and helical magnetic fields
Authors: Fuentes A. , Torregrosa I. , Martí J. M. , Gómez J. L. , Perucho M.
Published: April 2021

This is the second of a series of two papers that deepen our understanding of the transversal structure and the properties of recollimation shocks of axisymmetric, relativistic, superfast magnetosonic, overpressured jets. They extend previous work that characterized these properties in connection with the dominant type of energy (internal, kinetic, or magnetic) in the jet to models with helical magnetic fields with larger magnetic pitch angles and force-free magnetic fields. In the first paper of this series, the magnetohydrodynamical models were computed following an approach that allows studying the structure of steady, axisymmetric, relativistic (magnetized) flows using one-dimensional time-dependent simulations. In this paper, synthetic radio images of the magnetohydrodynamical models are produced based on two different models to connect the thermal particle population, modeled by the hydrodynamical code, and the nonthermal particle population (added in post-processing) that causes the synchrotron radiation. The role of the magnetic tension and the Lorentz force in modeling the observational appearance of jets, namely the cross-section emission asymmetries, spine brightening, relative intensity of the knots, and polarized emission is analyzed. A cross-section emission asymmetry caused by a differential change in the angle between the helical magnetic field and the line of sight across the jet width is observed in all models and for both synchrotron emission approximations, as expected from a purely geometrical origin, for viewing angles < 10°. Models with the highest magnetizations and/or magnetic pitch angles lead to an uneven distribution of the internal energy as a consequence of the larger relative magnetic tension and radial Lorentz force, which translates into a spine brightening in the total and linearly polarized intensity maps. Force-free models display a distinct spine brightening that originates in the radial gradient of the axial magnetic field. Highly magnetized jets with large toroidal fields tend to have weaker shocks and correspondingly weaker radio knots. Signatures of this toroidal field can be found in the linearly polarized synchrotron emission for jets with large enough magnetic pitch angles and large enough viewing angles.
Conférence Coulomb prononcée le 2 octobre 2020 : « Renforcement de sol sous ouvrage existant et reprise en sous œuvre »
Authors: Mazaré Bruno
Published: April 2021

Le développement économique de la deuxième moitié du 20e siècle à nos jours conduit à construire des bâtiments et ouvrages sur des sols de plus en plus médiocres, parfois dans des conditions géotechniques difficiles à maîtriser. La raréfaction du foncier dans les villes conduit aussi à créer des extensions ou à réaliser des ouvrages sous des constructions existantes. Il en résulte des travaux de renforcement de sol ou de reprise en sous œuvre de plus en plus complexes. L’objet de cet article est de décrire les principales techniques, de pointer les difficultés et points d’attention de ce type de travaux pour l’ingénieur géotechnicien concepteur, d’aborder l’aspect auscultation et de présenter quelques retours d’expérience significatifs.
Study of the Prevalence of Glaucoma in Kazakhstan
Authors: Tashtitova Lyailya , Aldasheva Neilya
Published: April 2021

Background Glaucoma is one of the leading causes of permanent visual disability around the world. However, the available literature lacks data on the prevalence of glaucoma in Central Asia, particularly in the Republic of Kazakhstan.

Objective The study was aimed at assessing the prevalence of glaucoma in the population of the Republic of Kazakhstan over 40 years old in 2019.

Methods A retrospective study was based on the analysis of the results of glaucoma screenings in 171 832 patients over 40 years old living in Kazakhstan (in 14 counties). Glaucoma cases were confirmed by Goldmann tonometry, fundus photography, and visual field testing. Demographic indicators, territorial differences, and hereditary predisposition were studied and analysed. In addition, blood pressure was measured.

Results Of 171 832 patients examined, 452 with verified glaucoma were identified. The average age of the patients was 63.9 ± 9.4. In rural areas, the prevalence of glaucoma was higher compared to the urban population. The overall prevalence of glaucoma among people over 40 years old was 2.37 ± 0.17. The prevalence of glaucoma among women was higher than for men, with an indicator of 1.91 (95% CI relative risk 1.78 – 2.03) (p < 0.05). The highest prevalence was found in the 71 – 75 age group [equals to 14.2% (95% CI 11.7 – 19.9)], with a statistically significant difference (p < 0.05). The highest prevalence of glaucoma was observed in the group of people with a hereditary predisposition, with an indicator of 14.7% (95% CI 0.6 – 1.9) (p < 0.05). Among all patients with concomitant arterial hypertension (n = 90, 19.9%), women (60%) compared with men (40%) had a 2.4% higher risk of glaucoma morbidity (95% CI 1.2% − 3.8%).

Conclusion This study provides updated information on the prevalence of glaucoma in Kazakhstan. The results obtained confirm that the increase in the prevalence of glaucoma in Kazakhstan is directly proportional to the increase in the patientsʼ age. These results showed the importance of screening for a timely diagnosis, especially for patients with high risk factors such as hereditary predisposition. Moreover, the results indicate that the early detection of systemic hypertension and increased intraocular pressure can be used for the prevention of undesirable outcomes such as an irreversible blindness.
Minimal Residual Disease in Neovascular Age-Related Macular Degeneration
Authors: Siedlecki Jakob , Pulido Jose , Priglinger Siegfried
Published: April 2021

With the advent of long-acting anti-vascular endothelial growth factor substances, “healing of AMD (age-related macular degeneration)” might be easily assumed due to prolonged treatment intervals. Adoption of the oncological concept of minimal residual disease for quiescent choroidal neovascularization (CNV) lesions might enhance the importance of continued monitoring, and spur research into the core of the disease, i.e., CNV biology.
Schmerzrehabilitation beim CRPS
Authors: Simmel Stefan , Melf-Marzi Alexandra
Published: April 2021

Zur Behandlung des komplexen regionalen Schmerzsyndroms (CRPS) gibt es
verschiedene therapeutische und medikamentöse Möglichkeiten
der Schmerzrehabilitation. Schwerpunkte sind die phasengerechte Physio- und
Ergotherapie, unterstützt von physikalischen Maßnahmen. Eine
frühe Diagnosestellung ist entscheidend für die Prognose.
Bei komplexeren und schwereren Verläufen sollte die Behandlung
spezialisierten Ambulanzen und Kliniken vorbehalten bleiben.
„Dog Ears“ nach Exzision einer Aknezyste
Authors: Elsner P. , Meyer J.
Published: April 2021

Eine Patientin stellte sich in einer Hautarztpraxis zur Entfernung einer „Aknezyste“ im Bereich der Wange rechts vor. Die Exzision erfolgte in Lokalanästhesie; die histologische Befundung bestätigte die klinische Diagnose. Bei der Nachkontrolle der Exzisionsstelle wurde von der Patientin eine „Zipfelbildung“ an der Narbe bemängelt. Im Folgenden suchte die Patientin einen weiteren Hautarzt auf, der „Dog Ears“ an der Narbe diagnostizierte und eine spätere operative Korrektur empfahl, die schließlich in einer Fachklinik für Plastische und Ästhetische Chirurgie vorgenommen wurde.

Die von der Patientin angerufene Schlichtungsstelle stellte fest, dass die nicht korrekte Wahl der Exzisionsstelle exakt nach der Lage der Hautspannungslinien des Gesichtes sowie die Nichteinhaltung eines Winkels von 30° an den jeweiligen Wundenden bei der Schnittführung nicht dem Facharztstandard entsprach und zu den „Dog Ears“ führte. Nach den vorliegenden Fotodokumentationen waren diese aufwerfenden Hautauszipfelungen als kosmetisch beeinträchtigend zu bewerten und bedurften nachfolgend einer Narbenkorrektur.

Der vom behandelnden Hautarzt angeführte Wunsch der Patientin nach einer „möglichst kleinen Exzision und Narbe“ veranlasste diesen zu einem zu kleinen Wundverschluss in Abweichung vom Facharztstandard, wonach eine längere, elliptoide Exzision erforderlich gewesen wäre. Besteht ein Patient auf einem Abweichen vom Facharztstandard, sollte dies zur Vermeidung späterer Schadensersatzforderungen nach Aufklärung über die potenziell negativen Folgen schriftlich vereinbart werden.
Frontal fibrosierende Alopezie – Fallbeispiele und Review
Authors: Moll I.
Published: April 2021

Die frontal fibrosierende Alopezie (FFA) ist eine vernarbende Alopezie, welche klinisch durch Regression des frontotemporalen Haaransatzes, disseminiert verbleibende Haare (lonely hairs) und Verlust der Brauen gekennzeichnet ist. Meist sind postmenopausale, seltener auch jüngere Frauen betroffen und gelegentlich auch Männer. Der Verlauf ist variabel, oft sehr langsam und unbeachtet. Auch Spontanremissionen sind häufig. Daher lässt sich die Inzidenz nur schätzen, jedoch ist sie wahrscheinlich zunehmend. Es werden dafür Umweltfaktoren, Sonnencremes, aber auch eine optimierte Awareness und Diagnostik diskutiert. Allerdings blieb die Pathogenese der lymphozytären Follikulitis bisher noch ungeklärt. Klinisch ist die Haut im betroffenen bandförmigen Bereich atroph und weißlich. In floriden Bereichen sind follikuläre Erytheme und Keratosen typisch. Nicht selten sind kleine, wenig erythematöse Papeln an Stirn und Wangen assoziiert („facial papules“). Evidenzbasierte Therapien existieren nicht. Lokal werden Steroide, Calcineurin-Inhibitoren oder Minoxidil angewendet, systemisch 5α-Reduktase-Hemmer, Hydroxychloroquin und Doxycyclin.
Chirurgische Therapie des Urethralprolaps
Authors: Khoja Safwan , Arafat Wasseem , Kohaut Eva , Horstmann Marcus
Published: April 2021

Der zirkuläre Prolaps der inneren Urethralschleimhaut ist ein seltener Befund. Häufiger treten Harnröhrenkarunkel auf, die sich meist aus der dorsalen externen Lippe des Meatus entwickeln. Wir berichten über die chirurgische Resektionstechnik mit Quadrantenresektion bei einer postmenopausalen Patientin mit einem ausgeprägten Urethralprolaps und chronischer Obstipation. Durch die Operation wurde eine schnelle Schmerzfreiheit und Verbesserung der Miktion erzielt. Die Kontinenz blieb erhalten. Alternative Therapien zur Resektion sind konservative Therapieversuche mit Sitzbädern und oestrogenhaltigen Salben, manuelle Reposition in Narkose und die zirkuläre Ligatur des Prolapses um einen liegendem transurethralen Blasenkatheter.
Metastasierendes malignes Melanom nach Laserung eines Pigmentmals
Authors: Elsner P.
Published: April 2021

Eine 21-jährige Patientin hatte seit Jahren ein pigmentiertes „Muttermal“ an der Schulter, das sie von einem Dermatologen mit einem Laser entfernen ließ. Ein Jahr später bildete sich erneut eine Pigmentierung an der gelaserten Stelle. Unter dem Verdacht auf ein malignes Melanom wurde die Läsion exzidiert; die Dermatohistologie bestätigte ein ulzeriertes malignes Melanom, Clark-Level IV, max. Tumordicke nach Breslow 2,4 mm. Nachdem eine Sentinel-Lymphnode-Biopsie der Axilla zunächst unauffällig war, stellte sich die Patientin nach wenigen Monaten wegen Kieferschmerzen vor, wobei sich eine osteolytische Metastase in der Mandibula zeigte. Das weitere Staging ergab multiple pulmonale, hepatische, mediastinale und weitere ossäre Metastasen. Unter einer Therapie mit Dabrafenib und Trametinib kam es nach kurzzeitiger Besserung zu einem nicht beherrschbaren Hirnödem mit Exitus letalis.

In Anbetracht des tragischen Krankheitsverlaufes stellt sich die Frage nach der Vereinbarkeit der primären Lasertherapie von Pigmentmalen mit dem dermatologischen Facharztstandard. Risiken durch die Lasertherapie melanozytärer Naevuszellnaevi betreffen die mögliche Fehldiagnose eines malignen Melanoms als Naevus, welches nach Lasertherapie aufgrund des destruierenden Verfahrens nicht dermatohistologisch untersucht werden kann, die möglicherweise unvollständige Entfernung von Naevuszellen, die im Folgenden maligne entarten können, und Schwierigkeiten der klinischen Nachbeobachtung einer Läsion nach Laserung. Dysplastische Naevi sollten daher keinesfalls destruierend mit einer Lasertherapie entfernt werden; Leitlinien raten auch von einer Laserbehandlung melanozytärer Naevi ab und empfehlen, sollte einem entsprechenden Patientenwunsch doch gefolgt werden, zumindest eine Stanzbiopsie zur Diagnosesicherung durchzuführen. Ein Verzicht auf diese empfohlene diagnostische Absicherung könnte einen Befunderhebungsfehler mit der möglichen Folge einer Beweislastumkehr darstellen.
Video Counselling in Rehabilitation Management
Authors: Limpert Marion , Rindermann Matthias , Hoffmann Reinhard , Reimertz Christoph
Published: April 2021

Background Telemedicine can provide great benefits for patients, their physicians and other professionals in the health care system. We have asked ourselves whether a similar service could make a sensible contribution to the rehabilitation management of Germanyʼs statutory accident insurance?

Patients/Materials and Methods In the present study, consultations of insured persons with their physicians and rehabilitation managers were transmitted via video conference. Patient satisfaction was determined by survey and potential benefits were analysed.

Results The participants of the study were generally very satisfied with the telecounselling. In particular, 96% of their questions to the rehabilitation manager could be cleared up during the sessions. However, roughly a third of those surveyed prefer personal contact with the rehabilitation manager.

Conclusion Telecounselling is well received by the insured in the rehabilitation management of occupational insurance associations and offers a useful alternative when, due to lack of resources – such as lack of time or great distance – the rehabilitation plan cannot be prepared locally together with the insured patient. Under the special circumstances of the coronavirus pandemic, it can also contribute to protecting the health of all involved.
Patientensicherheit in der Dermatologie: Optionen zu ihrer Optimierung
Authors: Elsner P.
Published: April 2021

Um die Patientensicherheit in der Dermatologie zu verbessern, gilt es, „vermeidbare unerwünschte medizinische Ereignisse“, definiert als „Patienten schadende Vorkommnisse, die eher auf der Behandlung als auf der Erkrankung selbst beruhen und die durch einen Fehler verursacht sind“, zu minimieren. Bereits die Problemwahrnehmung von möglichen Behandlungsfehlern ist dabei ein wichtiger erster Schritt. Diese Bewusstseinsschärfung geschieht wesentlich dadurch, dass alle Aspekte der Patientensicherheit in die ärztliche Aus- und Weiterbildung sowie in Fortbildungen integriert werden. Für die tägliche Praxis von medizinischen Einrichtungen spielt nach den Vorgaben des Gesetzgebers das Qualitätsmanagement eine wesentliche Rolle, in dem die Patientensicherheit als eine Priorität Berücksichtigung findet. Diese Qualitäts- und Sicherheitsorientierung muss als Führungsaufgabe verstanden werden, der auch angesichts konkurrierender, insbesondere ökonomischer, Unternehmensziele Vorrang einzuräumen ist. Mit der obligatorischen Einführung von Patientensicherheitsbeauftragten in Krankenhäusern, wie aktuell in Hessen erfolgt, kann dem Thema im Klinikmanagement eine wichtige Stimme verliehen werden. Neben der zu fördernden Patientenpartizipation am Behandlungsprozess auch bez. der Patientensicherheit ergeben sich gerade auch in der Dermatologie erhebliche Potenziale durch die Digitalisierung des Gesundheitswesens (e-Health). Auch wenn diese eigene Risikopotenziale beinhaltet, könnte sie zur Diagnose-, Therapie- und Koordinations- und Kommunikationssicherheit in der Dermatologie beitragen.
Teprotumumab: The Dawn of Therapies in Moderate-to-Severe Thyroid-Associated Ophthalmopathy
Authors: Ding Yizhi , Yang Shaoqin , Gao Hua
Published: April 2021

Thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy (TAO) is a potentially sight-threatening ocular disease. About 3–5% of patients with TAO have severe disease with intense pain, inflammation, and sight-threatening corneal ulceration or compressive optic neuropathy. The current treatments of TAO are often suboptimal, mainly because the existing therapies do not target the pathogenesis of the disease. TAO mechanism is unclear. Ocular fibrocytes express relatively high levels of the functional TSH receptor (TSHR), and many indirect evidences support its participation. Over expression of insulin-like growth factor-1 receptor (IGF-IR) in fibroblasts, leading to inappropriate expression of inflammatory factors, production of hyaluronic acid and cell activation in orbital fibroblasts are also possible mechanisms. IGF-1R and TSHR form a physical and functional signaling complex. Inhibition of IGF-IR activity leads to the attenuation of signaling initiated at either receptor. Teprotumumab (TMB) is a human immunoglobulin G1 monoclonal antibody, binding to IGF-IR. Recently two TMB clinical trials had been implemented in TAO patients, indicating dramatic reductions in disease activity and severity, which approved its use for the treatment of TAO in the US. This review summarizes the treatments of TAO, focusing on the pathogenesis of IGF-1R in TAO and its application prospects.
Einfluss der Ernährung auf den Verlauf von Autoimmunerkrankungen
Authors: Römmele Petra
Published: April 2021

Die Ernährung ist ein Teil des Lebensstils, mit dem man den Verlauf von Autoimmunerkrankungen beeinflussen kann. Eine begleitende Diättherapie sollte zunächst ein vorliegendes Übergewicht adressieren. Weiterhin sollte eine antientzündliche Ernährung unter Sicherstellung der Zufuhr entzündungshemmender Nährstoffe und Antioxidantien eingeführt werden. Hierzu zählen Omega-3-Fettsäuren, Vitamin D sowie sekundäre Pflanzenstoffe. Aber auch die Elimination von Nährstoffen, zu denen Unverträglichkeiten vorliegen, kann sinnvoll sein. Die mediterrane Ernährungsform vereint viele der empfohlenen Aspekte einer entzündungshemmenden Ernährung. Sie kann als Basis der Ernährungstherapie bei Autoimmunerkrankungen dienen und bei Bedarf durch spezifische Ernährungsempfehlungen flankiert werden.
Autoimmunkrankheiten und Allergien – ganzheitliche Diagnostik und Therapie
Authors: Schmiedel Volker
Published: April 2021

Die Grundlage für eine erfolgreiche Therapie von Autoimmunkrankheiten ist die Messung einiger Laborwerte und deren anschließende Optimierung. Die Basis stellen Vitamin D, Fettsäuren (Omega-6, Omega-3 etc.), Selen, Zink, Eisen (Serumeisen, Ferritin) sowie Entzündungsmarker (z. B. BSG, CRP) dar. Die Therapie einer komplexen Erkrankung, wie sie eine chronische Entzündung darstellt, sollte auch komplex erfolgen – ein „Wundermittel“ gibt es leider nicht. Die Basis besteht dabei – wie bei vielen anderen Krankheiten auch – aus Ernährung, Bewegung und Entspannung. Praktisch immer liegen aber trotz ausgewogener Ernährung bei Entzündungen Mangelzustände vor, die es mit den richtigen Nährstoffen in einer adäquaten Dosis zu behandeln gilt. Weitere optionale Verfahren werden ebenfalls kurz dargestellt.
Den Kopf über Wasser halten
Authors: Nagersheth Kalyani , Mittwede Martin
Published: April 2021

In Stresssituationen kommen bei Menschen laut Ayurveda die Eigenschaften stärker zum Vorschein, die den vorherrschenden Doshas entsprechen. Der Ayurveda kennt bei Stress und Stresssymptomen sowohl konstitutionstypische als auch allgemeine Maßnahmen der Therapie und Prophylaxe. Der zentrale Punkt der ayurvedischen Tagesroutine ist die Selbsteinölung. Sie wirkt unter anderem stärkend, schützend und entgiftend.
Phytotherapeutische Behandlung entzündlicher Leiden von Haut und Schleimhaut in der Hausarztpraxis
Authors: Jobst Detmar
Published: April 2021

Etwa 9 % aller Beratungsanlässe in der allgemeinmedizinischen Praxis erfolgen aufgrund von Hauterscheinungen 1. Es sind sicherlich einige mehr, nimmt man die Schleimhautbeschwerden an Mund und Nase, an Darmausgang und Genitalien dazu. Diese Hautprobleme bereiten z. T. erhebliche Beschwerden. Etliche Patienten fragen explizit nach Behandlungsmöglichkeiten ohne Kortison und ohne Antibiotika.

Der Beitrag stellt Behandlungsmöglichkeiten mit Phytotherapeutika bei häufigen entzündlichen Beschwerden von Haut und Schleimhaut vor.
Comparison of Different Nutritional and Lifestyle Factors between Glaucoma Patients and an Age-Matched Normal Population
Authors: Waibel Sören , Thomaschewski Gregor , Herber Robert , Pillunat Lutz E. , Pillunat Karin R.
Published: April 2021

Purpose To compare nutritional and lifestyle factors between glaucoma patients and an age-matched control group.

Methods One hundred and ninety (190) glaucoma patients were enrolled in this study. The control group comprised 97 age-matched participants. Data on physical activity, nicotine smoking, and several nutritional habits like coffee and alcohol consumption as well as high-salt and high-protein intake were collected using a standardised questionnaire.

Results Age and gender were not statistically significantly different between the groups. There was a tendency for higher physical activity in the glaucoma group in comparison to the control group (47.3 vs. 35.4%; p = 0.056). Statistically significantly more glaucoma patients were nonsmokers (n = 169; 89.4%) compared to the control group (n = 64; 66.7%; p = 0.001). Glaucoma patients were also more often teetotal compared to the control group (21.6% compared to 14.4%; p < 0.001). Similarly, more glaucoma patients drank larger amounts of coffee in comparison to the control group (p = 0.001). One hundred and seventy-six (96.7%) glaucoma patients and 88 (90.7%) control subjects had high-protein intake (p = 0.035). High-salt intake was significantly lower in the glaucoma group (69.3 vs. 73.2%; p = 0.018). Of the 190 glaucoma patients, 81 had early visual field impairments (MD > − 6 dB) and 109 patients had moderate (MD between − 6 dB and − 12 dB) to severe
(MD < − 12 dB) visual field defects. The severity of visual field defects, whether early, moderate, or severe, had no statistically significant impact on lifestyle parameters.

Conclusion Contrary to our original hypothesis that glaucoma patients would tend to follow an unhealthier lifestyle than the control group, the opposite was seen. Presumably, the cause of this healthier lifestyle is the desire to contribute positively through the course of the disease.
Large-Diameter Penetrating Keratoplasties are Mostly Due to Very Severe Infectious Keratitis and Cannot Always Prevent Secondary Enucleation
Authors: Alfaro Rangel Raul , Szentmáry Nóra , Lepper Sabine , Milioti Georgia , Daas Loay , Langenbucher Achim , Seitz Berthold
Published: April 2021

Purpose To report the indications and outcomes of penetrating keratoplasties with a graft diameter > 8.5 mm in severe corneal diseases at the Department of Ophthalmology at Saarland University Medical Centre.

Study Design Retrospective (6 years), descriptive, and observational.

Methods Thirty-five large-diameter penetrating keratoplasties (LDPKPs) in 27 patients (mean age, 62 ± 22 years) were performed from March 2010 to December 2016. The indication for surgery, number of previous corneal transplantations, best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) before surgery, intraocular pressure, graft status, and BCVA at last follow-up were recorded.

Results Infectious keratitis represented 83% of the indications (of those, 45% fungal). The mean corneal graft diameter was 10.8 ± 1.7 (min 8.75, max 15.0) mm. Twenty-three eyes (65% absolute) had at least one previous penetrating keratoplasty (mean graft size, 9.2 ± 1.6 mm). The mean pre-surgery BCVA was 1.96 ± 0.23 logMAR. With a mean follow-up period of 20.2 ± 13.4 months, the mean BCVA was 1.57 ± 0.57 logMAR at last follow-up. Overall, 12 grafts (35%) remained clear until the last follow-up, and in 23 grafts (65%), the primary disease recurred, or corneal decompensation developed. Up to the last follow-up, 6 eyes (17%) had to be enucleated.

Conclusions In complex cases of infectious keratitis requiring a LDPKP to remove the complete pathology and preserve eye integrity, the visual outcomes are generally expected to be poor, not only because of the well-known risks of LDPKP but also because of the consequences of the infectious disease itself. This knowledge is important for adequate counselling of the patient preoperatively.
Chancen des Direktzugangs
Authors: Kemper Claudia
Published: April 2021

Kommt er? Oder kommt er nicht? Der Direktzugang. In jedem Fall wäre es ratsam, ärztliche Aufgaben vermehrt neu zu verteilen. Dass Patienten direkt zur Physiotherapie gehen können, ist ein Rädchen davon. Was es dazu braucht, sind veränderte Ausbildungsstrukturen.