bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Participation of retroelements in chromoanagenesis in cancer development
Authors: Mustafin R. N.
Published: November 2024

Purpose of the study: to determine the role of retroelements in chromoanagenesis mechanisms in cancer etiopathogenesis.

Material and Methods. The search for relevant sources was carried out in the Scopus, Web of Science, PubMed, Elibrary systems, including publications from February 2002 to December 2023. Of the 864 scientifc articles found, 60 were used to write a systematic review.

Results. According to original works and meta-analyses results, the cause of complex chromosomal rearrangements during cancer development may be retroelement pathological activation. Chromoanagenesis involves LINE1, SVA, Alu, HERV, which cause double-stranded DNA breaks, insertions in tumor suppressor genes region, the formation of chimeric oncogenes due to retroelement use as new promoters, and function as molecular “band-aids” in non-homologous end junctions and form bridges of distal DNA fragments. Global structural rearrangements of chromosomes observed during chromoanagenesis may be consequences of retroelements activation, which participate in non-allelic homologous recombination and in microhomology-mediated joining of ends characteristic. Certain types of neoplasms, such as colon cancer, are characterized by both high levels of chromothripsis and retroelement activity. In head and neck squamous cell carcinoma, chromoplexy is specifc, the sources of sequences at the breakpoints of which are retroelements. During chromoanagenesis, activation of proto-oncogenes and inactivation of tumor suppressor genes are observed, which is also a consequence of retroelement activation. This is due to the presence of retroelement sequences in proto-oncogenes promoter regions and introns (which become the basis for chimeric oncogene formation) and hot spots of insertional mutagenesis in tumor suppressor genes (transpositions into these regions inactivate these genes).

Conclusion. The results obtained on the driver effect of retroelements in chromothripsis, chromoplexy and chromoanasynthesis mechanisms, which are the basis for the formation of clonal evolution of tumors, indicate promise of targeted therapy aimed at silencing the activity of retroelements in cancer patients treatment. For this purpose, it is possible to use microRNAs complementary to retroelements, which are also involved in tumor development, as tools.
Epithelioid Hemangioendothelioma of the Azygos Vein
Authors: Pikin O. V. , Moldomusaev T. S. , Dotdaev A. A. , Bagrov V. A.
Published: November 2024

Background. Epithelioid hemangioendothelioma (EHE) is a malignant vascular tumor of mesenchymal origin. In the mediastinum, EHE originates from the large venous vessels of the superior vena cava.

The purpose of the study was to describe a rare clinical case of EHE of the unpaired vein and analyze literature data to improve diagnosis and treatment of this disease.

Case presentation. We present a rare case of EHE of the unpaired vein in a 23-year-old male patient who admitted to the Herzen Moscow Oncology Research Institute with a posterior mediastinal tumor detected in August 2022. It was known from the medical history that the patient had undergone diagnostic right-sided thoracotomy and tumor biopsy at the place of residence. Morphologically, the tumor was an epithelioid hemangioendothelioma. The histological re-assessment of biopsy specimens at the Herzen Moscow Oncology Research Institute confrmed the diagnosis of EHE. Computed tomography of the chest organs revealed a mass in the posterior mediastinum (in the projection of the lumen of the unpaired vein), measuring 16×14×41 mm, with relatively clear even contours, close to the posterior wall of the trachea at the bifurcation level, the posterior wall of the right main bronchus, the left semicircle of the esophagus (without signs of invasion). Based on the data on the presence of a vascular tumor in the posterior mediastinum on the right, a multidisciplinary medical consilium recommended surgical treatment: right thoracotomy, removal of a posterior mediastinal tumor with resection of the azygos vein, marginal resection of the superior vena cava, and thrombectomy from its lumen. The duration of surgery was 180 minutes, blood loss was 200 ml. Morphological examination confrmed EHE of the unpaired vein. No complications were observed in the postoperative period. The patient was discharged from the hospital on the 8th day after surgery in a satisfactory condition.

Conclusion. EHE of the unpaired vein is an extremely rare vascular tumor. The clinical feature of EHE of the unpaired vein is the absence of any pathognomonic signs, which complicates differential diagnosis of mediastinal tumors. Surgery is currently the optimal treatment approach.
Advanced treatment-resistant ovarian germ cell tumor (yolk sac tumor) with successful fertility realization 20 years after combined treatment: a case report
Authors: Ulrikh E. A. , Chekina Yu. A. , Safronova K. V. , Teletaeva G. M. , Dzharbaeva A. D. , Urmancheeva A. F.
Published: November 2024

Background. Yolk sac tumors (YST) are classified as rare malignant germ cell tumors of the ovaries, most commonly found in young patients interested in preserving fertility. YST is characterized by large size, predominantly unilateral involvement, and increased production of alpha-fetoprotein, which can be used as an important diagnostic criterion for this condition. Among all germ cell tumors, YST has the least favorable prognosis. The primary goals of YST treatment are not only to improve prognosis and quality of life but also to enable the patient to fulfill her reproductive plans in the future.

Description of the clinical case. We present a clinical case of an aggressive course of yolk sac tumor in the ovary of a 15-year-old girl, requiring multiple surgeries, repeated courses of high-dose drug therapy, and bone marrow transplantation.

Conclusion. This is a rare case of YST with successful preservation of reproductive function due to modern medical technologies despite aggressive treatment.
Orbital metastases from breast cancer: three case reports
Authors: Danilova L. A. , Anokhina E. P. , Toneev E. A. , Shagdaleev R. F. , Ponomarenko A. M. , Glumnushina D. V. , Krymzalova N. D.
Published: November 2024

Purpose: to describe rare cases of orbital metastases from breast cancer.

Material and Methods. Three cases of Luminal A(1) and B(2) breast cancer with orbital metastases were identified and studied during the period from 01.01.2018 to 01.05.2024. Metastasis to the orbit was detected 5, 2 and 1.5 years after radical mastectomy for breast cancer. Patients received chemotherapy and radiation therapy.

Results. Cases of orbital metastasis originating from breast cancer were found to have a low frequency, but may be associated with a long period between cancer diagnosis and initiation of treatment. Early detection of breast cancer and its active treatment with chemotherapy and radiation therapy are important factors in preventing orbital metastasis.

Conclusion. A routine follow-up surveillance after radical treatment of breast cancer is important because there is an increase risk of developing orbital metastasis. Comprehensive strategies for treating breast cancer metastases can provide long-term disease control.
Photodynamic therapy in the treatment of recurrent nasal cavity and paranasal sinus cancer
Authors: Vusik M. V. , Shtin V. I. , Cheremisina O. V. , Menshikov K. Yu. , Novikov V. A.
Published: November 2024

The purpose of the study was to evaluate the effectiveness of treatment of patients with recurrent nasal cavity and paranasal sinus cancer using photodynamic diagnosis (PDD) and photodynamic therapy (FDT).

Material and Methods. The study included 40 patients with locally advanced nasal cavity and paranasal sinus cancer, who were admitted to the clinics of the Cancer Research Institute of Tomsk National Research Medical Center with disease progression or recurrence. All patients were divided into the study group (n=20) and the control group (n=20). Patients in both groups received chemotherapy combined with radiotherapy, chemotherapy combined with surgery or a combination of chemotherapy, radiotherapy and surgery. Treatment of patients included intraoperative assessment of resection margin using a laser electron spectral analyzer LESA-01 BIOSPEC. The bed of the removed tumor was examined to detect residual tumor tissues. Photodynamic therapy of the bed of the removed tumor was then performed using Photoditazine at a dose of 1 mg/kg body weight. Radiotherapy at a dose of 300–350 J per feld was given using a Latus–T apparatus, the feld diameter ranged from 1 to 2 cm. The power density varied from 0.4 W/cm2 to 0.5 W/cm2.

Results. Nonparametric tests revealed a statistically signifcant difference in disease-free survival: 3.10, p=0.001 by Gehan-Wilcoxon test and 3.03, p=0,002 by Log-Rank test. When assessing overall survival, there were 10 (50.0 %) completed cases in the control group, 4 (20.0 %) in the study group, and 10 (50.0 %) and 16 (80.0 %) censored cases, respectively. Gehan-Wilcoxon test – -2.02 p=0.04. Log-Rank test –2.10 p=0.04. The results of the study showed that according to any of the criteria, there were statistically signifcant differences in survival between the control and study groups.

Conclusion. Inclusion of intraoperative PDD and PDT in the treatment algorithm for nasal cavity and paranasal sinus recurrent carcinomas signifcantly increases the disease-free and overall survival of patients.
Whole exome sequencing: the search for mutations associated with hereditary breast cancer in ethnic groups of Siberia
Authors: Gervas P. A. , Molokov A. Yu. , Babyshkina N. N. , Ivanova F. G. , Nikolaeva T. I. , Tikhonov D. G. , Choynzonov E. L. , Cherdyntseva N. V.
Published: November 2024

Hereditary breast cancer (HBC) is a heterogeneous disease caused by mutations in genes characterized by ethnic specifcity. The clinical heterogeneity of this disease signifcantly complicates its diagnosis. The use of high-throughput sequencing is one of the approaches that allow the search for genes and their variants associated with the development of HBC. The purpose of the study was to search for new genes associated with HBC in the understudied ethnic groups of Siberia by using whole exome sequencing (WES).

Material and Methods. WES was performed on a cohort of 16 probands with BC (Tuvan, Yakut, Altai ethnos). The study material was genomic DNA isolated from peripheral blood leukocytes. Libraries were prepared using a BGI Optimal DNA Library Prep kit. An Agilent SureSelect Human All Exon V6 kit was used for hybridization. High-throughput sequencing was performed on a DNA nanoball sequencing platform (DNBSeq-G400).

Results. In the overall group of patients with signs of HBC, pathogenic variants were detected in 12.5 % of cases (2/16). For the frst time, BRCA1 (rs80357635) pathogenic variant was identified in a young patient with metachronous BC (Yakut ethnic group). A pathogenic variant of the ATM gene (rs780619951 NM_000051:exon16:c.C2413T:p.R805X) was identified in a young patient with BC (Tuvinian ethnic group). A pathogenic variant of the TDP2 c.G4T:p.E2X, rs770844602 gene (DNA repair gene) was identified for the frst time in a Tuvan BC patient (metachronous) with a family history, but its contribution to HBC remains to be proven. The TDG gene variant (rs764159587 NM_001363612:exon7:c.536dupA:p.E179fs) found in the Tuvan ethnic group and affecting splicing (SpliceAI: 0.580) requires special attention.

Conclusion. This report is the frst to describe the germinal variant in the BRCA1 (rs80357635) gene in the Yakut ethnic group. Further studies are required to confrm pathogenicity of germinal variants in non-well studied genes TDP2, TDG in ethnic BC patients.
Immunomorphological specifcity of HER2-low breast cancer
Authors: Mikhailov I. V. , Eremeeva E. R. , Glazkov A. A. , Telezhnikova I. M. , Setdikova G. R. , Balkanov A. S.
Published: November 2024

Assessment of tumor infltrating lymphocytes (TiLs) has been recognized as an additional tool for predicting survival in triple negative (TN) and HER2/neu positive (HER2+) subtypes of breast cancer (BC). Recently, BC, including the above-mentioned subtypes and characterized by low/undefined expression of HER2/neu, has been isolated into a separate group, designated HER2-low BC. The relationship between clinical and morphological parameters of HER2-low breast cancer and infiltration by immunocompetent cells, including tumor associated macrophages (TAM), has not been studied to date. The purpose of the study was to identify significant relationships between the level of subpopulations of immunocompetent cells (Tils + TAM) and the clinical and morphological parameters of HER2-low BC.

Material and Methods. The study examined the surgical specimens of 33 patients with HER2-low BC. Visual counting of TILs and assessment (IHC) of the level of T-helpers, T-killers, M1 and M2 macrophages were carried out in intratumor sites and the invasive edge of the primary tumor.

Results. The study of mastectomy specimens showed that infiltration of Tils (Me=5 [5; 10] %) was observed in all 33 patients. The level of M2 of macrophages was found to be the highest both in the invasive margin and in the intratumor sites (CD163inv: Me=20 [10; 40] %; CD163c: Me=15 [7; 30] %, respectively). In patients with high (≥20 %) levels of M2 macrophages in the invasive margin, there was also a high level of other immunocompetent cells, and perineural invasion was detected significantly more often (р=0.019).

Conclusion. A high level of infiltration by M2 macrophages of the invasive margin is combined with the detection of perineural invasion in primary HER2-low breast cancer, which is one of the predictors of a high risk of progression. In combination with other clinical and morphological parameters, the level of M2 macrophages in HER2-low breast cancer may become another factor in predicting disease prognosis.
Experience of applying convolutional neural network for binary classifcation of microphotographs of thyroid cytology specimens
Authors: Solopov M. V. , Kavelina A. S. , Popandopulo A. G. , Turchyn V. V. , Pashchenko S. A. , Bagdasarov K. M.
Published: November 2024

Objective: to evaluate the effectiveness of a convolutional neural network model for automated cytologic diagnosis of papillary thyroid cancer and benign thyroid nodules.

Material and Methods. The convolutional neural network was developed in the Python programming language using the TensorFlow 2.15.0 open source library. For the study, a dataset that included two categories of pathologies was generated: 1597 microphotographs of papillary carcinoma and 767 microphotographs of benign nodules (colloid goiter and adenomatous nodules). To form a training sample and evaluate the model’s performance metrics on the test sample, the dataset was divided in a ratio of 80/20.

Results. In classifying papillary carcinoma, the model achieved precision of 89.3 %, recall of 92.4 %, specifcity of 77.4 % and F1 score of 91.4 %. When identifying benign nodules, the presicion, recall, specifcity and F1 score were 83.3 %, 77.4 %, 92.4 %, and 80.3 %, respectively, indicating a higher rate of false-positive and false-negative predictions. The AUC was 0.91 at the individual microphotograph level and 0.94 at the serial microphotograph level from one patient, indicating the high ability of the trained model to differentiate between malignant and benign thyroid lesions based on microphotographs of fne-needle aspiration biopsy specimens.

Conclusion. Further improvement of the neural network model by training on larger and more diverse datasets of microphotographs of cytological specimens of the thyroid gland will help improve its diagnostic range and performance. The developed model can be used to develop software for identifying thyroid pathologies.
Analysis of surgical treatment outcomes for renal cell carcinoma with inferior vena cava tumor thrombosis: a singlecenter experience
Authors: Gamayunov S. V. , Ashimov E. A. , Kiselev N. M. , Karov V. A. , Spiridonov M. A. , Zarechnova N. V. , Zagainov V. E.
Published: November 2024

The purpose of the study was to analyze surgical treatment outcomes for renal cell carcinoma (RCC) with inferior vena cava tumor thrombosis (IVC-TT) on the basis of one cancer center.

Material and Methods. A retrospective analysis of treatment outcomes of 25 patients with locally advanced and metastatic RCC with IVC-TT, who underwent surgery from 01.2021 to 12.2022, was carried out. The median follow-up was 21 months (95 % CI 14.3–33 months). The patients were divided into groups according to the Mayo IVC-TT classifcation: Type I: 8 patients, type II: 8 patients, and type III: 9 patients.

Results. Tangential IVC resection was done in 20 (80 %) cases, circular-in 3 (12 %) cases, and IVC extirpation was done in 2 (8 %) cases. The median intraoperative blood loss was 600 ml (from 250 to 1700 ml). The incidence of postoperative complications was 28 %, distribution by Clavien–Dindo classes was: III – 4, IV – 2, V – 1, an increase in the incidence of complications of class III–IV was revealed in patients with Mayo type III, however, no statistically signifcant differences were found (p=0.153). The most common complication was acute kidney injury. Two (8 %) patients required repeated surgical intervention. One patient died due to sepsis. Statistically signifcant differences were obtained in blood loss (p=0.003), the number of erythrocyte suspension blood transfusions (p=0.006), and the time of surgery (p=0.014) and prevailed in the group with the Mayo III level. However, the median length of hospital stay did not differ in the subgroups (p=0.978) and amounted to 6 bed days in the range from 4 to 20 days in the general group. The 30-day postoperative mortality rate was 4 %.

Conclusion. Our experience has shown that surgical treatment of RCC with IVC-TT is feasible and provides acceptable surgical and oncological outcomes. However, the complication rate and postoperative mortality are higher in patients with Mayo III thrombus levels, requiring careful patient selection.
Reducing Radicalism Transformation: Reviewing the Role of Government through the Programs of Deradicalization
Authors: Hergianasari Putri , Wijanarka Tunjung , Akarapisan Kannaporn Pam
Published: November 2024

Initiatives to promote democracy in Indonesia continue to face several difficulties and hurdles. One of the major concerns is the emergence of radical ideas arising and hiding under the guise of democracy. Due to globalization, radicalism has evolved rapidly and taken on new forms. Considerable efforts are needed to maintain democratization in Indonesia, according to Pancasila, the foundational philosophical theory. This qualitative research uses descriptive analysis and data-gathering methods based on a review of current literature, such as news, journal articles, and books. The findings show that radical ideology in Indonesia has evolved and penetrated government bodies and people’s social lives. Terrorist-affiliated radical organizations, many of which have been disbanded, morphed into different forms to adapt to the community’s social lives. The transformation of radicalism in Indonesia necessitates a concerted effort on the part of the government as a state entity capable of deradicalizing education and preventing radical ideology.
Social Construction for Maintaining Local Wisdom: Study of Kajang Community, South Sulawesi, Indonesia
Authors: Jalal Jalal , Akhiruddin Akhiruddin , Salemuddin Muh. Reski , Iskandar Abdul Malik , Sriwahyuni Sriwahyuni , Kasim Hasanudin
Published: November 2024

The Kajang people are known for their lives based on traditional values, traditional beliefs, and distinctive local wisdom. They are here to preserve traditions amidst the blows of globalization. With this local wisdom, researchers are interested in analyzing the social construction of the Kajang traditional community to maintain their local wisdom. This research used a qualitative approach through participant observation, in-depth interviews, and data analysis using grounded theory analysis techniques. The research results show that the Kajang indigenous community faced challenges in maintaining their local wisdom amidst social changes and external influences. However, with its social construction, it maintained local wisdom through externalization, objectivation, and internalization processes. With this social construction approach, the Kajang traditional community can show resilience and initiative to preserve local wisdom and strengthen social ties between community members. This research will not only provide new insights into the local wisdom of the Kajang people in efforts to preserve culture, community development, and policy development in Indonesia.
Transformative Masculinity within Interreligious Organizations: Case Studies from Bali and Sidoarjo, Indonesia
Authors: Rohmawati Wiwin Siti Aminah , Rahmatika Arina , Gayatri Erin , Sitek Jessica
Published: November 2024

Women's involvement in the Forum of Religious Harmony (Forum Kerukunan Umat Beragama - FKUB) is still rare. However, some FKUBs exhibit openness to women’s engagement. This study examines whether women’s involvement in the FKUB challenges the dominant beliefs and behaviors within religious groups and whether their involvement creates possibilities for change and contestation. Using a case study on the FKUB Bali and Sidoarjo and leveraging the theory from gender and masculinity studies to help frame the analysis, the study revealed two strategies used to involve women, which included forming a separate entity exclusively for women and developing an expanded familial framework inside FKUB. The findings also show that women's involvement is encouraged without altering the current structures. However, this study also discovered that the transformative masculinity exhibited by certain chairpersons contributed to the implementation of these strategies. They were strongly dedicated to gender equality, advocated for women's empowerment and involvement, and prioritized sustainable dispute resolution development. This study highlights the potential to expand research to include more cases, providing deeper insight into inclusion strategies and the role of transformative masculinity in progress toward gender equality._______________The original draft of this article has been presented at the 23rd Annual International Conference on Islamic Studies (AICIS), February 1-4, 2024, at Universitas Islam Negeri Walisongo Semarang, Indonesia.
The role of trade unions in ensuring job security for workers in Vietnam
Authors:   Faculty of Economics and Finance, Vietnam Women's Academy, Hanoi, Vietnam, Ha Vu Thi , Trang Le Thi Huyen ,   Institute of Workers and Trade Unions, Hanoi, Vietnam, Thuy Cu Thi Thanh ,   Faculty of Sociology, Trade Union University, Hanoi, Vietnam
Published: November 2024

This study examines the role of trade unions in safeguarding job security for workers in Vietnam today. A qualitative approach was used, including in-depth interviews and thematic analysis. The researchers conducted interviews with 50 local trade union officials to gain insights into their efforts to protect workers’ employment. Additionally, case studies were used to understand the strategies trade unions apply to secure workers' jobs. Trade unions are essential in promoting job security by recommending policies to employers and supporting workers in maintaining job stability, enhancing productivity, and protecting fair wages. However, trade unions have not fully succeeded in encouraging workers to improve skills to reduce the risk of job obsolescence. Based on these findings, the authors suggest solutions to strengthen the union’s role in job security, providing both evidence of the current state of trade unions and recommendations to enhance their role in protecting job security in Vietnam.
'Igal' Ritual Theatre: ‘High-Value Culture’ from DAKEN21 and Malaysia MADANI Perspectives
Authors: Abdul Rahman Mohd Kipli , Zulkafli Norzizi , Zainal Sharifuddin , Hayeesaid Abdullah
Published: November 2024

This paper explores the igal ritual theatre practised by the Bajau ethnic group in Sabah, Malaysia, that is performed to heal for the community's well-being and focuses on the concept of high-value culture, which goes hand in hand with the thrust of 'Malaysia MADANI' and National Cultural Policy 2021 (DAKEN21). The ethnographic method is applied through an 'inductive phenomenological character' approach involving descriptive research design exploration and case studies. The relationship of six igal ritual theatre elements and their meaning, high-value culture, and the concept of 'Malaysia Madani' is highlighted to demonstrate the community's well-being and ensure the quality of life.
Role of Community Participation in Achieving Low Carbon Lifestyles in Kuala Lumpur
Authors: Basri Nek Mah , Sharaai Amir Hamzah , Arsyad Mohd Mursyid , Ponrahono Zakiah
Published: November 2024

This paper examines community engagement in Kuala Lumpur's Low Carbon Lifestyle (LCL) programs, led by Local Agenda 21 Kuala Lumpur (LA21KL). It investigates how community participation can drive the city's goal to achieve zero carbon emissions by 2050. The study identifies three key themes based on qualitative research and in-depth interviews: empowering community participation, strengthening engagement in low programs, and green urban governance. This study emphasises the importance of raising awareness about the benefits of LCL programs to boost community involvement. Strategies like fostering local champions are essential for successfully implementing these initiatives.
Significance Study of Points and Line Constraints Adjustment for Static LIDAR Self-Calibration
Authors: Abd Razak Nur Nazura , Abbas Mohd Azwan , Kamarruzzaman Muhammad Aliff Haikal , Purwanto Hery , Mohd Hashim Norshahrizan , Mustafar Mohamad Asrul
Published: November 2024

Ensuring high-quality 3D data from terrestrial laser scanners (TLSs) requires meticulous calibration. While the current implementation of TLS point-based self-calibration often relies on precision-based methods without reference points, this study introduces accuracy-based approaches to TLS self-calibration. Using point-based and line-based constraints with reference points established via close-range photogrammetry (CRP), statistical analyses reveal that the line-based method significantly enhances accuracy by up to 60%, outperforming the point-based approach, which shows notable deviations. The evaluation focused on calibration parameters (CPs), standard deviation, residuals, and correlation coefficient. This study underscores the potential of accuracy-based approaches in enhancing TLS self-calibration, particularly using line-based constraints.
Trends in Street Tree Species Selection: Developing a theoretical model
Authors: Buang Sabarudin , Maulan Suhardi , Tahir Osman , Simangunsong Nur Intan
Published: November 2024

This study develops a framework for urban tree species selection by analyzing trends in 45 recent articles (2019–2024) with keywords “street,” “tree species,” and “selection.” The thematic analysis identifies five themes: species diversity, ecosystem services, climate adaptability, public perception, and management challenges. Addressing gaps in current trends, this research integrates tree morphology in existing models and employs Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) to validate criteria for resilience, social acceptance, and economic viability. The resulting model offers a flexible, context-sensitive approach to sustainable urban forestry, enhancing ecological and social benefits across diverse urban environments.
Prediction of Lung Cancer Disease Using Machine Learning Techniques
Authors: Qadir Rukhsar Hatam , HamaKarim Karwan Mohammed
Published: November 2024

The pursuit of algorithms utilizing external examples to formulate extensive hypotheses predicting the occurrence of novel instances is recognized, as supervised machine learning (SML). One of the jobs that intelligent systems perform the most frequently is supervised classification. The goal of this work is to evaluate supervised learning algorithms, explain SML classification methodologies, and identify the most effective classification algorithm given the available data. Two distinct machine learning (ML) techniques were examined: Random Forest (RF) and Neural Networks (NN). The algorithms were implemented using Python for knowledge analysis. For the categorization, 310 cases from a lung cancer data set were employed, with 15 features serving as independent variables and one serving as the dependent variable. In comparison to NN classification methods, RF was found to be the algorithm with the highest precision and accuracy, according to the results. The study reveals that while the kappa statistic and mean square error (MSE) are factors on the one hand, the time required to create a model and precision (accuracy) are factors on the other. Consequently, to have supervised predictive ML algorithms need to be precise, accurate, and minimum error. Thus, as a consequence of the research, we are currently at this analysis. The categorizing of NNs accuracy is 0.75 the MSE is 0.25, The RF classification accuracy is 0.89 and the MSE is 0.21.
Unit Teaching Design for English Interpretation Course Based on POA with the Assistance of a Virtual Reality Interpretation Training System
Authors: Zhang Yan
Published: November 2024

This study introduces the application of virtual reality technology in English interpretation course, as well as the unit teaching design for the course based on the POA. The study first reviews the development history of virtual reality technology and highlights its significant role in driving structural changes in language teaching. Then, this study analyzes the problems existing in current English interpretation course, such as the lack of timeliness in teaching materials, monotonous teaching methods, and single evaluation methods. To address these issues, this study constructs a POA-based unit teaching design for the English Interpretation Course with the assistance of a virtual reality interpretation system.
ADVANCEMENTS IN UNDERSTANDING AND MANAGING ALCOHOL WITHDRAWAL SYNDROME: A COMPREHENSIVE REVIEW
Authors: SINGH AJEET PAL , SHARMA ASHISH KUMAR , SINGH THAKUR GURJEET
Published: November 2024

Alcohol withdrawal syndrome (AWS) is a clinically significant condition that can arise upon abrupt cessation or reduction of alcohol consumption in individuals with alcohol dependence. This review article provides a comprehensive overview of AWS, encompassing its epidemiology, pathophysiology, clinical manifestations, assessment tools, and management strategies. We discuss the neurobiological mechanisms underlying AWS, including the role of neurotransmitter systems such as gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) and glutamate, as well as neuroadaptive changes that occur with chronic alcohol use. Furthermore, we explore the spectrum of clinical manifestations associated with AWS, ranging from mild withdrawal symptoms to severe complications such as delirium tremens and seizures. Diagnostic tools and scoring systems commonly used for assessing AWS severity are examined, along with evidence-based approaches for pharmacological and non-pharmacological management of AWS. Additionally, we highlight emerging research areas and future directions in the field of AWS, including novel treatment modalities and potential biomarkers for predicting withdrawal severity and treatment response. This comprehensive review aims to provide clinicians, researchers, and healthcare professionals with a thorough understanding of AWS to facilitate early recognition, appropriate management, and improved outcomes for individuals affected by this condition.
ACUTE INFECTIVE CONJUNCTIVITIS A RETROSPECTIVE STUDY OF THE RECENT OUTBREAK REPORTED IN TERTIARY CARE CENTRE
Authors: SHAKIL A.MOHAMED , K RENUGA DEVI , NALLAMUTHU  , M RAJALAKSHMI
Published: November 2024

Objective: Acute conjunctivitis refers to the inflammation of conjunctiva, mostly of viral etiology and is highly contagious and self-limiting. The present study aims to assess the clinical characteristics, presentation, outcomes of acute conjuctivitis and its treatment for complications among the study population.
Methods: It was a record-based retrospective study conducted in a tertiary care teaching hospital in Puducherry for the period of two months among 100 study participants.
Results: The study showed that 62% and 16% of patients had complications like membrane formation and Superficial Punctate Keratitis (SPK). Moxifloxacin was highly used antibiotics (57%), with the median duration of the treatment being six days (IQR: 5 – 7.75).
Conclusion: From our study, we found that even though the conjunctivitis outbreak is widespread among the general population due to its contagious nature and is self-limiting, it requires medical attention to prevent complications. Public awareness is required regarding this
SAFETY AND MATERNAL-FETAL OUTCOMES OF ISOSORBIDE MONONITRATE AND MISOPROSTOL COMBINATION VERSUS MISOPROSTOL ALONE FOR LABOR INDUCTION: A RANDOMIZED DOUBLE-BLIND STUDY
Authors: SHARMA MOLLY , GUPTA AMIT
Published: November 2024

Objective: The induction of labor is essential in managing pregnancies where early delivery benefits outweigh the risks. Misoprostol is a common agent for labor induction but has side effects like uterine hyperstimulation. Isosorbide mononitrate (ISMN), a nitric oxide donor, may enhance cervical ripening and reduce complications when used with misoprostol. This study evaluates the safety and maternal-fetal outcomes of ISMN combined with misoprostol versus misoprostol alone.
Methods: A randomized, double-blind study was conducted at Dr. R. P. G. M. C. Kangra. Patients meeting the inclusion criteria were randomly assigned to receive either ISMN with misoprostol or misoprostol with a placebo. Primary outcomes measured were maternal complications (e. g., uterine hyperstimulation, headache, postpartum hemorrhage) and neonatal outcomes (e. g., birth weight, APGAR scores, NICU admission). Secondary outcomes included the need for oxytocin augmentation and the duration of labor stages.
Results: The study included 100 patients divided into two groups of 50 each. The ISMN and misoprostol group had significantly fewer headaches and dizziness but showed no significant difference in uterine hyperstimulation or postpartum hemorrhage compared to the misoprostol alone group. The ISMN group required less oxytocin augmentation, and their total labor duration was shorter, though not significantly. Neonatal outcomes were similar across both groups.
Conclusion: The combination of ISMN and misoprostol appears to be a safer and potentially more effective alternative to misoprostol alone for labor induction, with fewer maternal complications and similar neonatal outcomes. Further large-scale studies are recommended to confirm these findings and inform clinical practice.
EARLY DETECTION AND LONGITUDINAL OUTCOMES OF HEARING IMPAIRMENT IN NICU GRADUATES AT SDM COLLEGE OF MEDICAL SCIENCES AND HOSPITAL
Authors: KAMATH RASHMI , DESAI TRIVENI , MANTHALE AISHWARAYA
Published: November 2024

Objective: Hearing impairment is a prevalent congenital anomaly, particularly in neonates in NICUs, due to various risk factors. Early detection through screening programs is crucial for developmental outcomes.
Methods: A prospective observational study was conducted at SDM College of Medical Sciences and Hospital, involving 425 neonates. Otoacoustic Emissions (OAE) testing was used for early detection and longitudinal outcome assessment.
Results: Out of 425 neonates, 95.3% passed the initial OAE screening. However, 4.7% failed, necessitating further evaluation. Notable risk factors included neonatal jaundice and perinatal asphyxia, particularly impacting neonates with lower birth weights.
Conclusion: The study underscores the importance of early and universal hearing screening in NICU settings, emphasizing the need for tailored protocols to address specific neonatal risks.
ASSESSMENT OF RISK FACTORS AND FOLLOW-UP OUTCOMES FOR HEARING LOSS IN HIGH-RISK NEONATES
Authors: KAMATH RASHMI , MANTHALE AISHWARAYA , DESAI TRIVENI
Published: November 2024

Objective: Hearing loss in neonates, particularly those in high-risk categories such as NICU graduates, can significantly impede speech, cognitive, and psychosocial development. Early detection and management are pivotal to mitigating these risks.
Methods: A prospective observational study was conducted on 425 neonates at SDM Medical College and Hospital, utilizing Otoacoustic Emissions (OAE) for initial auditory screening. This study assessed the incidence of hearing loss in relation to neonatal risk factors, including birth weight, ABO incompatibility, and maternal health conditions.
Results: A majority of the neonates (58.82%) were screened within 3-7 d post-birth. Notable risk factors impacting hearing outcomes included low birth weight, with 11.53% of neonates weighing between 1.0 and 1.50 kg. The initial failure rates in OAE screenings were low, with 2.59% failing in the right ear, 1.18% in the left, and 0.94% in both ears.
Conclusion: The study underscores the efficacy of early hearing screenings in identifying potential hearing loss in neonates, especially those exposed to multiple risk factors. Continuous and comprehensive monitoring is crucial for these high-risk groups to facilitate timely and effective interventions.
COMPARATIVE EFFICACY OF SLICED TRAGAL CARTILAGE VERSUS TEMPORALIS FASCIA IN TYMPANOPLASTY: A STUDY ON HEARING IMPROVEMENT AND GRAFT UPTAKE
Authors: SHEKHAWAT HEMENDRA SINGH , PATEL ARUN KUMAR , LODHA KULDEEP SINGH , ARORA NITIN KUMAR
Published: November 2024

Objective: Chronic suppurative otitis media (CSOM) often necessitates surgical intervention, with tympanoplasty being a key procedure to restore hearing. The choice of graft material-sliced tragal cartilage versus temporalis fascia remains controversial due to potential differences in acoustic transmission and graft resilience.
Methods: This prospective cohort study included 48 patients with CSOM, randomly assigned to receive either tragal cartilage or temporalis fascia grafts. Outcomes measured were hearing improvement and graft uptake, assessed through audiometric testing and otoscopic evaluations.
Results: Both groups showed significant improvements in hearing postoperatively, with no statistically significant difference in hearing gain (P=0.3064). Graft uptake rates were comparable, with a non-significant lower reperforation rate in the cartilage group (P=0.551).
Conclusion: The study supports the use of either sliced tragal cartilage or temporalis fascia as effective materials for tympanoplasty, offering substantial hearing improvement and reliable graft uptake.
COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF COVID-19 PATIENTS DURING DELTA AND OMICRON WAVES OF COVID-19 PANDEMIC: AN EXPERIENCE FROM RURAL TERTIARY CARE HOSPITAL IN NORTH INDIA
Authors: SHUKLA SAUMYA , PANDEY SAURABH , RAI PRIYANKA , UPADHYAY VANDANA , MAURYA VINOD KUMAR
Published: November 2024

Objective: In this study, an effort has been made to find out possible clinical parameters that may have played role in differences in the disease outcome in the delta and omicron waves.
Methods: This is a retrospective observational study conducted at a rural tertiary care center of North India. We recorded sociodemographic and clinicopathological parameters of the admitted patients during delta and omicron waves in India. The outcome measures were demographic, baseline clinical, disease severity, ICU admissions and hospital mortality.
Results: In our study, 1731 patients were tested positive for SARS-CoV-2, out of which 16 patients were admitted during the omicron wave and 878 admissions during the delta wave. In delta wave, the ratio of male to female was 1:2 and in omicron wave, it was 1:3. There were 271 deaths in delta wave and 2 deaths in omicron wave. A significantly lower number of admissions were noted during omicron wave (p<0.001). Patients without previous history of COVID-19 and unvaccinated status had significantly higher admission (p<0.001). The admission rate among comorbid patients was also significantly low in the omicron wave (p<0.001). 251 patients had one or more comorbidities and were mostly in severe (13.4%) or critical (88.4%) conditions in delta wave while among 13 comorbid patients in omicron wave, 7.7% were in severe and 15.4% were in critical condition.
Conclusion: The hospital admissions were very low in comparison to delta wave. During delta wave, the degree of severity and number of deaths were also very high.
COMPUTATIONAL SCREENING OF POTENT ANTI-INFLAMMATORY COMPOUNDS FOR HUMAN MITOGEN-ACTIVATED PROTEIN KINASE: A COMPREHENSIVE AND COMBINED IN SILICO APPROACH
Authors: FRANCO BRIAN BASTO , AGILANDESWARI PANDIYARAJAN , KARTHIK LAKSHMINARAYANAN
Published: November 2024

Objective: Inflammatory diseases have a serious impact on one’s life and represent a diverse group of ailments stemming from various causes and presenting in various forms. p38α of the mitogen-activated protein kinase family plays a crucial role in regulating inflammation, where the activation of this kinase initiates a cascade of events resulting in the production of proinflammatory mediators and cellular stress responses. In this context, attempts were made to identify potent small-molecule inhibitors of p38α and assess their binding affinity through molecular docking studies.
Methods: From comprehensive reviews of several published reports, a few compounds, such as P38, P39, VPC00628, and N17, have shown substantial inhibitory activity toward p38α at various concentrations. Hence, these four compounds were chosen as lead compounds, and small-molecule libraries were constructed on the basis of their structural similarity. Next, virtual screening docking was performed to investigate the inhibitory potency of the four libraries toward the p38α isoforms (DFG-out and DFG-in), providing insights into their potential mechanisms of action.
Results: In addition, a comprehensive analysis of physicochemical and pharmacokinetic properties was also performed for the identified hits from each library. Our findings have shown that, compared with those of the p38α DFG-in motif, the binding energies of the p38α DFG-out motif are greater.
Conclusion: Furthermore, a few compounds from each library presented binding energies higher than those of their respective lead compounds, confirming their potential as novel therapeutic agents against inflammation.
Survey Paper on Virtual Reality in Gaming
Authors: Baikar Atharva , Dandage Prof. Rajeshwari
Published: November 2024

Abstract: This paper examines the integration of virtual reality (VR) technology within gaming, focusing on the development of immersive virtual environments that enhance user interaction, presence, and satisfaction. With advancements in VR hardware and software, gaming experiences are becoming more lifelike and socially engaging. The VR-based metaverse concept explored in this research aims to provide interconnected virtual worlds with dynamic, persistent interactions. This paper discusses the benefits and challenges of VR in gaming, including technical limitations, high costs, and potential for immersive storytelling. The findings offer insights into the potential impact of VR in gaming and entertainment
Review of Analytical Studies on The Failure of Granular Anchor Piles in Expansive Soil
Authors: Singh Ashutosh Kumar , Gupta Dr. Ashish
Published: November 2024

Abstract: Soft ground, characterized by a high content of clay, silt, peat, and loose sand, is generally unsuitable for constructing large structures due to insufficient stability. Ground improvement techniques, such as the use of stone columns (or granular piles), are often implemented in these areas to enhance load-bearing capacity and minimize settlement. The Granular Anchor Pile (GAP) is an advanced version of the stone column that includes an anchor to boost its tensile load-bearing or pullout capacity. In this study, formulations from various authors regarding the pullout capacity of anchors embedded in clayey soils are analyzed to assess the contributions of pile failure and anchor failure to overall GAP failure. The results indicate that GAP failure occurs due to two main factors: 50%–65% of the anchor length failing, and 35%–50% of the pile length failing. This breakdown helps in understanding the role of each component in the overall pullout capacity of GAP
IOT Based Waterproof System for Water Quality and Level Monitoring
Authors: Tyagi Priyanshu , Goyal Radhika , Saxena Raunak , Raj Geetanjali
Published: November 2024

Abstract: The Internet of Things (IoT) represents a significant advancement in the monitoring and management of environmental resources. This review explores the design and implementation of a waterproof IoT-based system for the remote monitoring of water quality and levels [2]. Water pollution, particularly in developing regions such as India, poses a substantial environmental threat, primarily driven by factors like untreated sewage, agricultural runoff, and industrial waste. Conventional approaches to monitoring water quality, which rely on physical sampling and laboratory testing, tend to be less efficient and often fail to deliver the prompt information required for effective resource management. To overcome these limitations, the proposed system utilizes waterproof IoT devices equipped with various sensors to continuously assess critical water quality parameters, including pH, turbidity [3], and pollutant levels. The collected data is transmitted in real time to a central monitoring unit, allowing for immediate assessment and timely interventions when quality thresholds are exceeded. This review emphasizes the innovations in sensor technology and communication protocols that enhance the efficiency and reliability of the monitoring system. Additionally, the paper addresses challenges such as sensor calibration, durability, and data transmission reliability in different environmental conditions. Solutions to these challenges are discussed to provide a comprehensive understanding of how to develop and maintain effective water quality monitoring systems. The review concludes by outlining future research directions aimed at improving system robustness and expanding its application across various water bodies, thereby contributing to enhanced water resource management and environmental sustainability [1].
Low-Power Redundant-Transition-Free TSPC DET-FF with STCB for Enhanced Power and Area Efficiency
Authors: Srikanya K
Published: November 2024

Abstract: In the contemporary era dominated by graphics processing units (GPUs) and artificial intelligence (AI), flip-flops (FFs) have emerged as power-intensive components within processors. Addressing this power consumption challenge, a pioneering approach introduces a single-phase clock dual-edge-triggering (DET) FF leveraging a single-transistor clocked (STC) buffer (STCB). This STCB employs a singular clocked transistor in the data sampling path, eliminating clock redundant transitions (RTs) and internal RTs observed in alternative DET designs. Validated through post-layout simulations in 22 nm fully depleted silicon on insulator (FD-SOI) CMOS, the proposed STC-DET surpasses existing state-of-the-art low-power DETs in power efficiency, boasting the lowest power-delay-product (PDP) among its counterparts. The modified clock gating, Sapon, Transmission Gate, and gate approach, detailed in the base paper, further refines the TSPC STCDET design, presenting techniques to reduce parameters such as delay or power
Impact of Inclusive Schooling in the Management of the Children with Downs Syndrome
Authors: Samaddar Dr. Madhurima
Published: November 2024

Abstract: Education is Human right. Every children irrespective of their caste,culture,society and intellectual ability have equal right to education .The same is for children with mental disabilities like Down’s syndrome .Inclusive schooling can reduce discrimination and provide them normal learning environment.