bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effect of size heterogeneity of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) on the optimal harvest time: a bioeconomics approach
Authors: Borrego Kim Patricia , Gullian Klanian Mariel , Seijo Juan Carlos
Published: January 2020

A critical problem in the production of Nile tilapia Oreochromis niloticus in intensive and hyper-intensive systems is the heterogeneity of body sizes as it influences the final production and economic yield. The objective of this study was to calculate the bioeconomic effect of size heterogeneity on the production of Nile tilapia at a commercial level and to determine the optimum harvest time (OHT) considering four minimum marketable sizes target (Mms = 350, 400, 450, 500 g). Two seeding strategies were evaluated: homogeneous seeding (HM) with a 96.55 ± 24.51 g initial body weight and heterogeneous seeding (HT) with a 100.17 ± 5.91 g initial weight. Fish from both treatments were stocked at 40 fish m-3 in triplicate using a randomized design. The calculated quasi-profits of variable costs showed an inversely proportional relationship with the minimum market size in both groups. The smaller size dispersion in HM generated higher profits than HT. The OHT for Mms [350, 500 g] of HM population was 180 days, with a mode of 641 g. The OHT was also 180 days for the HT population but only for the Mms [350, 400 g] and a mode of 578 g. In terms of quasi-profits, the HM produced 19.93% more quasi-profit than the HT in the market size of 350 g at 180 days (HM = 0.50 US$ kg-1; HT = 0.44 US$ kg-1). The simple bioeconomic model presented here can help producers manage a series of economic decisions associated with OHT, when targeting different market segments requiring different Mms.
The effect of tilapia Oreochromis niloticus addition on the sediment of brackish low-salinity ponds to white shrimp Penaeus vannamei farming system during the wet and dry season
Authors: Juárez-Rosales Jorge , Román-Gutiérrez Alma D. , Otazo-Sánchez Elena M. , Pulido-Flores Griselda , Esparza-Leal Hector M. , Aragón-Noriega Eugenio A. , Seidavi Alireza
Published: January 2020

The present study was carried out to determine the effect of tilapia Oreochromis niloticus on the physical and chemical sediment parameters on an earthen pond in monoculture (shrimp Penaeus vannamei) and co-culture (tilapia-shrimp) during the dry and wet seasons in a commercial farm during the period from mid-September to end-December 2017 and February to mid-May 2018. Chemical and physical analyses were realized on sediment samples from brackish water ponds representing shrimp farms in San Blas Nayarit, Mexico. Concentrations of organic carbon, nitrogen, potassium, magnesium and calcium were higher in co-culture ponds, and there was a tendency to a higher concentration of phosphorus and sodium in the sediment of monoculture ponds. The texture of the ponds showed a tendency in the dry season to increase the percentage of clay in co-culture due to the effect of bioturbation caused by tilapia. There was no evidence of poor development of sediment quality in any treatment. It was found that tilapia was a factor that affected sediment quality, differences in growth between shrimp monoculture and tilapia-shrimp co-culture can be explained, at least in part, by differences in their sediment.
A new species of Eumerus (Diptera, Syrphidae) from the Kingdom of Bhutan, the easternmost representative of the bactrianus subgroup
Authors: Smit John , Zeegers Theo , Dorji Phurpa
Published: January 2020

A new species of Eumerus, Eumerus druk Smit sp. nov., is described from Bhutan. This species belongs to the bactrianus subgroup of the strigatus species group. Seven species are currently known within this subgroup: four European, one of which is also found in the Near East, and three more only known from Tajikistan. The new species extends this disjunct distribution to the east by at least 2,000 km, stretching far beyond the reported Turano-Mediterranean region and into the Himalayas. A diagnosis and a key to all Central and Eastern Palaearctic species of the Eumerus bactrianus subgroup are provided.
Bernard Stiegler on Algorithmic Governmentality: A New Regimen of Truth?
Authors: Crogan Patrick
Published: January 2020

This essay examines philosopher of technology and media Bernard Stiegler's propositions concerning the nature and effects of the automation of social existence through computational processes deployed in online media. It argues for the critical pertinence of Stiegler's approach to this
widespread and now increasingly apparent deployment. I centre my examination on Stiegler's adoption and critical re-reading of Antoinette Rouvroy and Thomas Berns' concept of 'algorithmic governmentality'. This concept characterises the realtime deployment of these automated processes as a
significant transformation from the pre-digital era's application of statistical methods of analysis and prediction of social phenomena, a transformation driven above all by the strategic development and application of recent advances in AI and machine learning. Drawing on Michel Foucault's
influential analysis of governmentality and his work on the interconnections of power, knowledge and truth in social control, Rouvroy and Berns propose that algorithmic governmentality ushers in a new regime of truth. Stiegler accepts in large part their analysis of what I term this new 'regimen'
but challenges the claim that it amounts to the apparatus of a new truth. My discussion considers the terms and the stakes of this disagreement about the truth, and the place of the technological regimen in this disagreement.
Automatic Endo-Attention, Creative ExoAttention: the Egocidal and Ecocidal Logic of Neoliberal Capitalism
Authors: Citton Yves
Published: January 2020

The beginning of the twenty-first century could be characterised by the externalisation of attention, following the externalisation of our other faculties: the term 'exo-attention' can be used to refer to the increasing number of electrical devices performing attentional tasks for us
outside of our bodies. At the same time, the logic of industrial production continues to demand human beings to develop automated gestures commanded by the planetary assembly line, intellectual gestures being now added to bodily gestures. This automation of our 'endo-attention' cannot be considered
as a temporary step in the process leading to full automation. On the one hand, it coexists and goes along with the logic of 'heteromation', whereby supposedly automated procedures are actually performed by micro-taskers, click farms and Mechanical Turks. On the other hand, the precarisation
of labour conditions analysed by Franco Berardi tends to segment our activity into pre-formatted time-cells which alienate us from the very tasks we accomplish. While our endo-attention threatens to be automated through and through, progress in deep learning programming allows exo-attention
to become creative: what used to be the specificity of human attention (i.e., its capacity to extract a meaningful figure from a given background) can now be obtained by unsupervised machine learning. Does all this mean that the creativity of human attention has been merely displaced, from
creatively paying attention to (a limited number of) things, to creatively devising algorithms that pay attention to (a higher number of) things? This perspective could be technologically attractive, if it weren't trapped within the constraints of neoliberal capitalism. Social – not
technological – logics should be the main cause of our concern (and anxiety) about automation. Neoliberal capitalism tends to globally align the infinite diversity of our individual attentions under one single hegemonic imperative to maximise financial profit. This is both egocidal,
as it automatises our endo-attention subjected to segmented tasks that no longer make sense to us (pre-empting emancipatory forms of subjectification), and eco-cidal, as the race for short-term profit vandalises our social and natural environments. We therefore need to sharpen our analyses
(and anxieties), in order to deflect our fear of automation towards a rejection of neoliberal capitalism.
Predictive Policing Management: A Brief History of Patrol Automation
Authors: Wilson Dean
Published: January 2020

Predictive policing has attracted considerably scholarly attention. Extending the promise of being able to interdict crime prior to its commission, it seemingly promised forms of anticipatory policing that had previously existed only in the realms of science fiction. The aesthetic futurism
that attended predictive policing did, however, obscure the important historical vectors from which it emerged. The adulation of technology as a tool for achieving efficiencies in policing was evident from the 1920s in the United States, reaching sustained momentum in the 1960s as the methods
of Systems Analysis were applied to policing. Underpinning these efforts resided an imaginary of automated patrol facilitated by computerised command and control systems. The desire to automate police work has extended into the present, and is evident in an emergent platform policing –
cloud-based technological architectures that increasingly enfold police work. Policing is consequently datafied, commodified and integrated into the circuits of contemporary digital capitalism.
Penser un environnement capacitant pour la parentalité en protection de l’enfance
Authors: Grandval Manon
Published: January 2020

Il y a maintenant plus d’une vingtaine d’années, Pourtois et Desmet (1997) invitaient à concevoir l’éducation postmoderne comme une médiation entre les connaissances pédagogiques et l’expérience du praticien. La recherche-intervention dont il est question dans cet article assoit le chercheur comme médiateur des savoirs expérientiels. Parents et professionnels sont mobilisés autour de l’identification de facteurs capacitants pour le développement de la parentalité dans les établissements relevant de la protection de l’enfance. Les interactions famille-institution et les représentations réciproques sont interrogées dans l’optique d’une compréhension mutuelle, premier pas vers la co-éducation. Les résultats font apparaître l’accompagnement, la relation de confiance et le pouvoir d’agir au cœur de la conception d’un environnement capacitant pour la parentalité.
L’influence du soutien scolaire sur l’engagement d’adolescents à risque de décrochage scolaire
Authors: Duval Joëlle , Larivée Serge J. , Dumoulin Catherine
Published: January 2020

Cet article présente une étude portant sur le soutien scolaire offert par des parents québécois pour favoriser l’engagement de leur adolescent à risque de décrochage scolaire (DS) lors de la transition primaire-secondaire (TPS). Comme l’objectif général de recherche était de décrire le soutien scolaire au regard des perceptions de 11 parents et de leur adolescent, des entrevues individuelles semi-dirigées ont été menées. L’analyse inductive générale des données qualitatives a mis en évidence l’importance que les parents adaptent, aussi souvent que nécessaire, leur soutien scolaire en fonction de leurs propres caractéristiques parentales, mais également en fonction des caractéristiques et des besoins de leur adolescent. Ces résultats mènent à penser que la connaissance de l’adolescent constitue la clé d’entrée d’une implication parentale adaptée, notamment le soutien scolaire, permettant de favoriser l’engagement et la réussite des adolescents à risque de DS lors de la TPS.
La sanction en éducation
Authors: Prairat Eirick
Published: January 2020

Notre préoccupation, dans ce texte, est d’ordre philosophique. Elle consiste à penser la notion de sanction éducative. Peut-on donner corps à cette idée ? Nous précisons notamment les visées qu’elle doit poursuivre et les principes qui doivent l’organiser pour qu’elle soit un véritable moment d’éducation. Nous montrons aussi que la notion de sanction éducative est travaillée par des contradictions qui sont les contradictions inhérentes à tout travail éducatif. Ironie de l’histoire, la sanction, loin d’être l’Autre de l’acte éducatif, en est peut-être l’ analogon tant elle semble en résumer les enjeux et les tensions.
Precepting
Authors: Kowalski Karren
Published: January 2020

Precepting differs from coaching and mentoring in that it is time limited, structured, and based on specific organizational goals, objectives, and competencies related to a specific unit or area, as well as the organization. It also requires a prepared preceptor and support from the organization and the professional development faculty.

[
J Contin Educ Nurs
. 2020;51(2):62–64.]
Chinese Nurses' Preferences for and Attitudes About e-Learning in Continuing Education: A Correlational Study
Authors: Xing Weijie , Ao Linjun , Xiao Huiting , Liang Liang
Published: January 2020

Background:

This study aimed to examine nurses' preferences for and attitudes toward e-learning, identify factors that motivated or discouraged their e-learning participation, and also find the relationship between the nurse's attitude and their characteristics.

Method:

A total of 534 RNs from eight hospitals in Shanghai were recruited. Data were collected using a questionnaire that consisted of e-learning experiences, barriers, motivating factors, learning preferences, and attitudes toward e-learning.

Results:

Flexibility was the most important motivating factor and lack of time was the most common barrier to their participating in e-learning. Participants who had no e-learning experiences reported more barriers about lack of familiarity with e-learning and e-learning platforms. Nearly half of the participants exhibited positive attitudes toward e-learning. Regression analysis identified that nurses who were married, used computers frequently, and worked in rural hospitals were associated with more positive attitudes toward e-learning.

Conclusion:

Nurse educators and managers could provide more opportunities for nurses to increase their familiarity with online education technology and develop more high-quality online courses to meet nurses' learning needs.

[
J Contin Educ Nurs
. 2020;51(2):87–96.]
Testing the Effect of a Home Health Heart Failure Intervention on Hospital Readmissions, Heart Failure Knowledge, Self-Care, and Quality of Life
Authors: Leavitt Mary Ann , Hain Debra J. , Keller Kathryn B. , Newman David
Published: January 2020

For older adults, heart failure (HF) has the highest 30-day hospital readmission rate of any chronic illness. Despite research into strategies to reduce readmissions, no single program has emerged as sustainable. The purpose of the current study was to test a researcher-developed home health nurse HF intervention (CareNavRN
™
) on 30-day readmission rates, HF knowledge, self-care, and quality of life (QOL) among 40 older adults transitioning home. Home health nurses received specialized HF training and visited patients once per week at home for 4 weeks. The control group (
n
= 21) had six readmissions (29%) and the intervention group (
n
= 19) had three readmissions (16%); however, the results were underpowered and statistically nonsignificant. Pre-/post-surveys demonstrated significant improvement in HF knowledge (
p
= 0.043), self-care confidence (
p
= 0.003), and QOL (
p
< 0.001) in the intervention group. CareNavRN is a promising approach to improve outcomes during transition from hospital to home for patients without access to a comprehensive disease management program. [
Journal of Gerontological Nursing, 46
(2), 32–40.]
Investigating Assessment Standards in the Netherlands, Italy, and the United Kingdom
Authors: Petersohn Sabrina , Biesenbender Sophie , Thiedig Christoph
Published: January 2020

The following contribution asks which role standards for research information play in practices of responsible research evaluation. The authors develop the notion of assessment standards against the background of functional standard classifications. The development of semantic and procedural assessment standards in the national research evaluation exercises of the Netherlands, Great Britain, and Italy are investigated using a qualitative case study design. A central finding of the study is that assessment standards incorporate conflicting values. A continuous tradeoff between the transparency of evaluation procedures and provided information as well as the variety of research outputs is being counterbalanced in all countries by compensating a higher level of semantic standardization with lower degrees of procedural standardization.
Individual Participation in Standards Setting
Authors: Lundsten Jonas , Paasch Jesper Mayntz
Published: January 2020

Since standardization is essential and additionally has organizational effects, studying motivation for participating in the standardization processes is important. A phenomenological study of descriptions made by individual participants in project teams for geographical information at the Swedish Standards Institute, SIS, was conducted 2016-2017. The study indicated that participants were motivated, but there were different motivators depending on the participants' differing contexts. For most participants, the main personal meaningful goal was to be at the forefront of development. For participants employed by organizations with frequent interactions with stakeholders, the main personal meaningful goal was to satisfy the stakeholders' needs. This study also showed that several members felt that they do not have sufficient time for working with standardization asks due to the fact that their daily work in their organizations often has higher priority in relation to standardization work. This may slow down the development of standards and other publications due to lack of resources.
Corporate Social Responsibility
Authors: Philipova Cornelia
Published: January 2020

The processes accompanying state social policy over recent decades as well as their contradictory impact on the sustainable development of the society are one of the fundamental problems of our time. Nowadays, there are still no clear solutions to the debate how to alleviate some of the fundamental problems like environmental pollution, poverty, aged population, income inequality, social exclusion, etc. This chapter aims to show how multinational corporations (MNCs) take the role to solve these issues following some corporate social responsibility (CSR) policies. In this way, they offer a means by which the current CSR model can be used more effectively to achieve these sustainable development targets. The structure of the chapter is organized as follows: Section 2 presents an evolution while Section 3 provides a summary of some contemporary views of CSR. Section 4 describes the way in which CSR is used as a sustainable development tool.
Corporate and Financial Social Leadership in Emerging Markets and the Developing World
Authors: Puaschunder Julia M.
Published: January 2020

Corporate social responsibility (CSR) attributes economic, legal, social, and philanthropic responsibilities within the corporate sector. Sustainable financial social responsibility is primarily addressed by socially responsible investment (SRI). This chapter addresses the concepts of CSR and SRI in emerging markets and the developing world with special attention to top-down and bottom-up approaches. Theoretical descriptions discuss the human constituents of responsibility and the international emergence of CSR, with special attention to multi-stakeholder partnerships. The rise of SRI in the international arena in the wake of stakeholder activism and intrinsic socio-psychological motives are outlined. Recommendations target ingraining social responsibility in economic systems by global governance, multi-stakeholder management, and governmental assistance of the implementation and administration of corporate and financial social responsibility.
Green Investment Financing Instruments
Authors: Kazlauskiene Vilma , Draksaite Aura
Published: January 2020

The chapter analyses the peculiarities of current green financing instruments. Rapid development of these instruments markets prompts the need to comprehend the main factors behind it, and thus the necessity to recognize opportunities to profit by the occasion. In the chapter, such green financial instruments as green bonds, green equities, and green loans are discussed. Also, private green investment promotion instruments are overviewed. Current green financial instrument market development trends are presented, and main contributing factors are provided. Furthermore, main challenges of investing and development of environmentally sustainable business practices are analyzed. Based on the analysis results, insight regarding further development of green financial markets is offered.
Michael Lewis
Authors: De Bonis Riccardo
Published: January 2020

This article describes Michael Lewis's book, The Undoing Project: A Friendship That Changed Our Minds, published in 2016, which is a nice introduction to behavioural economics for the non-technical reader. Daniel Kahneman, who won the Nobel Prize for Economics in 2002, and Amos Tversky (1937 – 1996) are the founders of behavioural economics: their work persuaded the young Richard Thaler, who received the Nobel Prize in 2017, to adopt the same line of research. Lewis has written a fine book on the intellectual adventures of Kahneman and Tversky, examining their early studies, the prevailing views on rationality in economics prior to their research, their innovative contributions, their friendship, and what came after behavioural economics.
A Machine Learning-Based Intelligent System for Predicting Diabetes
Authors: Khan Nabila Shahnaz , Muaz Mehedi Hasan , Kabir Anusha , Islam Muhammad Nazrul
Published: January 2020

In this era of technological growth, the diagnosis of diseases and finding cures, personal health parameter management and predicting the possibility of susceptibility to some diseases have become accessible and easy. Although all over the world millions of people are falling victim to diabetes, in most of the cases they are not even aware of their situation due to the silent nature of diabetes. Therefore, the objective of this research is to propose an intelligent system based on a machine learning algorithm to improve the accuracy of predicting diabetes. To attain this objective, an algorithm was proposed based on Naïve Bayes with prior clustering. Second, the performance of the proposed algorithm was evaluated using 532 data related to diabetic patients. Finally, the performance of the existing Naïve Bayes algorithm was compared with the proposed algorithm. The results of the comparative study showed that the improvement in the accuracy has been made apparent for the proposed algorithm.
Architectural Modelling of Cyber Physical Systems Using UML
Authors: Patnaik K. Sridhar , Snigdh Itu
Published: January 2020

Cyber-physical systems (CPS) is an exciting emerging research area that has drawn the attention of many researchers. However, the difficulties of computing and physical paradigm introduce a lot of trials while developing CPS, such as incorporation of heterogeneous physical entities, system verification, security assurance, and so on. A common or unified architecture plays an important role in the process of CPS design. This article introduces the architectural modeling representation of CPS. The layers of models are integrated from high level to lower level to get the general Meta model. Architecture captures the essential attributes of a CPS. Despite the rapid growth in IoT and CPS a general principled modeling approach for the systematic development of these new engineering systems is still missing. System modeling is one of the important aspects of developing abstract models of a system wherein, each model represents a different view or perspective of that system. With Unified Modeling Language (UML), the graphical analogy of such complex systems can be successfully presented.
An Image Processing and Machine Learning Approach for Early Detection of Diseased Leaves
Authors: Sowmya B.J.  , Shetty Chetan , Seema S. , Srinivasa K.G.
Published: January 2020

India is largely an agriculture dependent country. It contributes to almost 17% of the GDP. A wide range of crops are grown throughout the year. Extensive cultivation also makes the plants prone to a lot of diseases. There are no efficient methods to detect these diseases from its outset. People in the rural areas where most of the agriculture happens are totally helpless in situations where most of their crops have been affected by disease. Most of the diseases that plague plants leave a characteristic feature on the leaf. By applying image processing techniques like image enhancement and feature extraction one can extract the required information required to analyze the type and severity of the disease. The obtained information when fed to a classifier like support vector machine (SVM), the plant can be classified to be affected by a certain disease. One can also determine the stage of the disease (infant or mid or terminal). Crop diseases impact the livelihood of those involved in agriculture immensely. Consumption of such produce also affects the health of humans and animals. Manually monitoring these diseases requires a lot of time and expertise. Hence, utilizing image processing for the detection of diseases is a better option. It takes into consideration the features which may not be determined visually. Consider the example of tomato crop in India which is prone to a number of diseases caused by pathogens, bacteria, viruses, and phytoplasmas-like organisms. Due to this disease the framers incur a huge loss. To overcome this problem a lot research is being conducted using image processing and neural network model for automatic detection of diseases using drone technology.
Barriers in Business-IT Alignment in a Large Company in Manufacturing Area
Authors: Shammas Fadi , Meng Guanjie , Rusu Lazar
Published: January 2020

Business-IT alignment (BITA) continues to be a top management concern for the last ten years. Moreover, organizations mangers are still looking to understand the barriers between the status of alignment and misalignment. The barriers in BITA differ from a business area to another and particularly the authors have not found any research studies concerning the barriers in BITA in the manufacturing area in Sweden. Therefore, the research question is: What are the strategic, tactical, and operational barriers in business-IT alignment in a large company in manufacturing area? The research strategy is case study, and the data was collected through semi-structured interviews and also from company's internal documents and it was analyzed using thematic analysis. The findings of this study are a number of thirty barriers in BITA that includes six new barriers in BITA at operational, tactical and strategic level.
Intrusion Detection Systems for Mitigating SQL Injection Attacks
Authors: Silva Rui Filipe , Barbosa Raul , Bernardino Jorge
Published: January 2020

Databases are widely used by organizations to store business-critical information, which makes them one of the most attractive targets for security attacks. SQL Injection is the most common attack to webpages with dynamic content. To mitigate it, organizations use Intrusion Detection Systems (IDS) as part of the security infrastructure, to detect this type of attack. However, the authors observe a gap between the comprehensive state-of-the-art in detecting SQL Injection attacks and the state-of-practice regarding existing tools capable of detecting such attacks. The majority of IDS implementations provide little or no protection against SQL Injection attacks, with exceptions like the tools Bro and ModSecurity. In this article, the authors compare these tools using the CSIC dataset in order to examine the state-of-practice in database protection from SQL Injection attacks, identifying the main characteristics and implementation details needed for IDSs to successfully detect such attacks. The experiments indicate that signature-based IDS provide the greatest coverage against SQL Injection.
Dual Image-Based Dictionary Encoded Data Hiding in Spatial Domain
Authors: Maji Giridhar , Mandal Sharmistha , Sen Soumya
Published: January 2020

In the modern digital era, the privacy of personal communication is a serious concern to all netizens. A better way to preserve privacy could be to hide the secret message inside some innocent looking digital object such as image, audio, video, etc., which is known as steganography. A new steganographic scheme using a reference image along with the cover image has been proposed in this article. It enhances the robustness and security by increasing the obscurity of the hidden message. It also employs an additional dictionary-based encoding module to increase the hiding capacity as well as security. Experiments show that bit changes in the reference image are very few and undetectable to human perception, it also evades common statistical tests. Evaluation of standard quality parameters such as MSE, PSNR, UIQI, SSIM along with chi-squared statistics based embedding probability testing has been performed. When dictionary-based encoding is applied it further improves the quality parameters.
IoTP an Efficient Privacy Preserving Scheme for Internet of Things Environment
Authors: Jain Shelendra Kumar , Kesswani Nishtha
Published: January 2020

Many emerging fields are adopting Internet of Things technologies to incorporate smartness in respective areas. Several IoT based application area produces large volumes of real time data. Data aggregated through sensor nodes may contain highly sensitive information. An effective and successful IoT system must protect sensitive data from revealing to unauthorized persons. In this article, the authors present an efficient privacy-preserving mechanism called Internet of Things privacy (IoTp). The research simulates and analyzes the effectiveness of the proposed data aggregation and data access mechanism for a typical IoT system. Proposed IoTp scheme ensures privacy at data collection, data store and data access phases of the IoT system. The authors have compared proposed work with existing model. Results show that IoTp scheme is efficient and lightweight mechanism for data collection and data access. It is suitable for the resource constrained IoT ecosystems.
TLS Certificates of the Tor Network and Their Distinctive Features
Authors: Lapshichyov Vitaly V.
Published: January 2020

This article presents the results of an experimental study of the properties of SSL/TLS certificates of an anonymous Tor network, based on which it is concluded that there are several features that differ from other SSL/TLS certificates. At present, in the scientific literature and in the documentation of U.S. National Security Agency, and the U.K. Government Communications Headquarters devoted to the identification of Tor network traffic, two signs of SSL/TLS certificates are indicated - the name of the certificate subject, as well as the port of the certificate transmission and network connection. The results of an experimental study allow the authors to state with a high degree of probability that Tor network certificates can be identified in the data stream between the client and server of the specified network by their size, which is between 400 and 600 bytes. The list of features of the Tor network certificates is intended to develop software or add-ons to existing ones, which is used to block access of Internet users to Darknet resources or to limit the use of the Tor anonymous network service. Based on data on the distinguishing features of Tor network certificates, an algorithm is proposed for blocking access to the Internet for users of the Tor Bundle.
A Deep Convolutional Neural Network for Image Malware Classification
Authors: Belaissaoui Mustapha , Jurassec József
Published: January 2020

Malware classification and detection is an important factor in computer system security. However, signature-based methods currently used cannot provide an accurate detection of zero-day attacks and polymorphic viruses. This is why there is a need for detection based on machine learning. The purpose of this work is to present a deep neuronal classification method using convolutional and recurrent network layers in order to obtain the best features for classification. The proposed model achieves 98.73% accuracy on the Microsoft malware dataset.
Gamification in E- Commerce
Authors: Behl Aastha , Sheorey Pratima , Pal Abhinav , Veetil Ajith Kumar Vadakki , Singh Seema R
Published: January 2020

With the advent of technology and with growing occupancy of the people towards it, online shopping has become the need of the hour. With heavy discounts floating over the e-commerce websites, customers find that online shopping allows them to save both time and money. The e-commerce websites on the other hand seek to avail the early advantage of the frequently visited customers through the recommendation engines by using gamification techniques. This tends to make their products highly attractive with the least cost paid by them along with facilities of extra discounts given to debit/credit card holders. This article provides a coherent picture in the research that has taken place in the area of gamification by comprehensively reviewing 1073 research studies extracted from the SCOPUS database and mostly validates the findings on the effectiveness of gamification in the various fields. This article also peer reviews the various motivating factors that makes customers prefer gamified online shopping over market retailers. The review points out the effects of gamification in e commerce websites in gaining customer retention. The article would also suggest the future of research directions in the field of research of gamification and further research that can be explored in the field.
Uma abordagem sociolinguística da concordância nominal de número no falar dos moradores do município de Fonte Boa (Amazonas)
Authors: Martins Flávia Santos , Coelho Izete Lehmkuhl
Published: January 2020

Este artigo, à luz da Sociolinguística Variacionista, propõe-se a refletir sobre a variação na concordância nominal de número na fala de dez moradores da cidade de Fonte Boa, um dos nove municípios pertencentes à microrregião do Alto Solimões (AM), a partir de resultados de Martins (2013). Para este estudo foram descritos e analisados 1.356 dados, submetidos ao programa estatístico Goldvarb2001. Desses dados, 754 foram da variante “presença de marcas de plural” (55% dos dados) e 602 foram da variante “ausência de marcas de plural” (45% dos dados). Apesar desse baixo índice de concordância nominal, os resultados mostram que a marcação na concordância é favorecida em Fonte Boa pelas mesmas restrições linguísticas de outras regiões brasileiras. Quanto às variáveis sociais, ‘escolaridade’ segue o padrão de comportamento geral, e ‘sexo’ revela o homem como favorecedor de marcação, um comportamento particularizado (semelhante ao de zonas menos urbanas), de uma localidade em que os papeis de mulheres e homens ainda são conservadores, sendo a mulher menos sensível à variável ‘mercado de trabalho’.
Abordagem dada ao conteúdo variação linguística na coleção de livros didáticos de língua portuguesa Novas Palavras
Authors: Júnior Priscilla Lacerda , Nazário Maria De Lurdes
Published: January 2020

O presente trabalho aborda o tratamento dado ao conteúdo variação linguística na coleção de livros didáticos de língua portuguesa Novas Palavras (2016) da Emília Amaral, Mauro Ferreira, Ricardo Leite e Severino Antônio. Tecemos nossa argumentação com base em estudos sobre ensino de língua numa abordagem sociointeracionista e nas orientações tecidas nos documentos oficiais para esse ensino, bem como em estudos da Sociolinguística e Ensino, que compreendem a língua como um sistema heterogêneo, devendo a escola promover uma educação linguística de valorização da pluralidade linguística brasileira. Esta é uma pesquisa qualitativa, estruturada em uma revisão bibliográfica e na análise de conteúdo da coleção de livros didáticos. Esta apresenta discussões teóricas necessárias no ensino do conteúdo variação linguística em dois capítulos do livro 1, porém nos capítulos que tratam de questões gramaticais mantém uma abordagem mais conservadora e normativista.
Triplet State Formation of Chromophoric Dissolved Organic Matter in Atmospheric Aerosols: Characteristics and Implications
Authors: Chen Qingcai , Mu Zhen , Xu Li , Wang Mamin , Wang Jin , Shan Ming , Yang Xudong , Fan Xingjun , Song Jianzhong , Wang Yuqin , Lin Pengchuan , Zhang Lixin , Shen Zhenxing , Du Lin
Published: January 2020

Abstract. There is chromophore dissolved organic matter (CDOM) in the atmosphere, which may form triplet-state chromophoric dissolved organic matter (3CDOM*) to further driving the formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) under solar illumination. 3CDOM* contributes significantly to aerosol photochemistry and plays an important role in aerosol aging. We quantify the ability to form 3CDOM* and drive the formation of ROS by primary, secondary and ambient aerosols. Biomass combustion has the strongest 3CDOM* generation capacity and the weakest vehicle emission capacity. Ambient aerosol has a stronger ability to generate 3CDOM* in winter than in summer. Most of the triplet states generation conform to first-order reaction, but some of them do not due to the different quenching mechanism. The structural-activity relationship between the CDOM type and the 3CDOM* formation capacity shows that the two types of CDOM identified, which similar to the nitrogen-containing chromophores contributed 88 % to the formation of 3CDOM*. The estimated formation rate of 3CDOM* can reach ~ 100 μmol m−3 h−1 in the atmosphere in Xi'an, China, which is approximately one hundred thousand-times the hydroxyl radical (•OH) production. This study verified that 3CDOM* drives at least 30 % of the singlet oxygen (1O2) and 31 % of the •OH formed by aerosols using the spin trapping and electron paramagnetic resonance technique.
Seasonal impact of biogenic VSL bromine on the evolution of mid-latitude lowermost stratospheric ozone during the 21st century
Authors: Barrera Javer A. , Fernandez Rafael P. , Iglesias-Suarez Fernando , Cuevas Carlos A. , Lamarque Jean-Francois , Saiz-Lopez Alfonso
Published: January 2020

Abstract. Biogenic very short-lived bromine (VSLBr) represents, nowadays, ~ 25 % of the total stratospheric bromine loading. Owing to their much shorter lifetime compared to anthropogenic long-lived bromine (LLBr, e.g., halons) and chlorine (LLCl, e.g., chlorofluorocarbons) substances, the impact of VSLBr on ozone peaks at the extratropical lowermost stratosphere, a key climatic and radiative atmospheric region. Here we present a modelling study of the evolution of stratospheric ozone and its chemical losses in extra-polar regions during the 21st century, under two different scenarios: considering and neglecting the additional stratospheric injection of 5 ppt biogenic VSLBr naturally released from the ocean. Our analysis shows that the inclusion of VSLBr result in a realistic stratospheric bromine loading and improves the quantitative 1980–2015 model-satellite agreement of total ozone column (TOC) in the mid-latitudes. We show that the overall ozone response to VSLBr within the mid-latitudes follows the stratospheric abundances evolution of long-lived inorganic chlorine and bromine throughout the 21st century. Additional ozone losses due to VSLBr are maximised during the present-day period (1990–2010), with TOC differences of −8 DU (−3 %) and −5.5 DU (−2 %) for the southern (SH-ML) and northern (NH-ML) mid-latitudes, respectively. Moreover, the projected TOC differences at the end of the 21st century are at least half of the values found for the present-day period. In the tropics, a small (
Atmospheric aging of small-scale wood combustion emissions (model MECHA 1.0) – is it possible to distinguish causal effects from non-causal associations?
Authors: Leinonen Ville , Tiitta Petri , Sippula Olli , Czech Hendryk , Leskinen Ari , Karvanen Juha , Isokääntä Sini , Mikkonen Santtu
Published: January 2020

Abstract. Primary emissions of wood combustion are complex mixtures of hundreds or even over a thousand compounds, which pass through a series of chemical reactions and physical transformation processes in the atmosphere (aging). This aging process depends on atmospheric conditions, such as concentration of atmospheric oxidizing agents (OH radical, ozone and nitrate radicals), humidity and solar radiation, and is known to strongly affect the characteristics of atmospheric aerosols. However, there are only few models that are able to represent the aging of emissions during its lifetime in the atmosphere. In this work, we implemented a model (Model for aging of Emissions in environmental CHAmber, MECHA v 1.0) to describe the evolution by differential equation system. The model performance was first evaluated using two different, simulated datasets. The purpose of the evaluation was to investigate the ability of the model to (1) find the correct relationships between the variables in the dataset and (2) to evaluate the accuracy of the model to reproduce the evolution of variables in time. Subsequently, the model was implemented to wood combustion exhaust in atmosphere, based on a dataset from smog chamber experiments. Evaluation in simulated datasets served as a basis of the drawings made from modeled aging of the residential wood combustion emission. We found that the model was able to reproduce the evolution of the variables in time reasonably well. By using the state of the art detection algorithms for causal structures, we could unveil a large number of relationships for measured variables. However, as the emission data is complex in its nature due to multiple processes interacting with each other, for many relationships it was not possible to say if there was a causal pathway or if the variables were just covarying. This study serves as the first step towards a comprehensive model for the description of the evolution of the whole emission in both gas- and particle phase during atmospheric aging. We present contributions to challenges faced in this kind of modeling and discuss the possible improvements and expected importance of those for the model.
Wave–sea-ice interactions in a brittle rheological framework
Authors: Boutin Guillaume , Williams Timothy , Rampal Pierre , Olason Einar , Lique Camille
Published: January 2020

Abstract. The decrease in Arctic sea ice extent is associated with an increase of the area where sea ice and open ocean interact, commonly referred to as the Marginal Ice Zone (MIZ). In this area, sea ice is particularly exposed to waves that can penetrate over tens to hundreds of kilometres into the ice cover. Waves are known to play a major role in the fragmentation of sea ice in the MIZ, and the interactions between wave-induced sea ice fragmentation and lateral melting have received particular attention in recent years. The impact of this fragmentation on sea ice dynamics, however, remains mostly unknown, although it is thought that fragmented sea ice experiences less resistance to deformation than pack ice. Here, we introduce a new coupled framework involving the spectral wave model WAVEWATCH III and the sea ice model neXtSIM, which includes a Maxwell-Elasto Brittle rheology. We use this coupled modelling system to investigate the potential impact of wave-induced sea ice fragmentation on sea ice dynamics. Focusing on the Barents Sea, we find that the decrease of the internal stress of sea ice resulting from its fragmentation by waves results in a more dynamical MIZ, in particular in areas where sea ice is compact. Sea ice drift is enhanced for both on-ice and off-ice wind conditions. Our results stress the importance of considering wave–sea-ice interactions for forecast applications. They also suggest that waves likely modulate the area of sea ice that is advected away from the pack by ocean (sub-)mesoscale eddies near the ice edge, potentially contributing to the observed past, current and future sea ice cover decline in the Arctic.
Influencia de las carencias afectivas en las relaciones de pareja en mujeres universitarias
Authors: López Moreno Itzayana Yaoska , Bonz Castillo Julissa Leonor , Molina Vargas Carolina Alejandra , Solís Zúniga Franklin
Published: January 2020

El objetivo del presente estudio es determinar la influencia de las carencias afectivas en las relaciones de pareja en mujeres universitarias. El documento se enmarca en una investigación realizada a 20 mujeres universitarias de FAREM-Estelí, en el período octubre 2018-abril 2019. La investigación es mixta y exploratoria. Se seleccionaron a 20 mujeres que cumplen los criterios establecidos en el estudio. Se aplicaron entrevistas y encuesta. Entre los resultados más relevantes se encontró una asociación negativa vinculada a la falta de afecto de su familia, reflejando que el 40% no tuvieron la educación afectiva necesaria, un 55% no expresaban sus sentimientos y experiencias en su infancia, y el 40% no compartieron tiempo de calidad entre padres-madres e hijas, refieren a los cambios emocionales que sufren las mujeres debido a la influencia de las carencias afectivas, así mismo, el daño que han ejercido los patrones de conductas en el desarrollo emocional de las participantes, afectándoles su seguridad y autoestima necesaria para alcanzar su autonomía personal. Dando por entendido cómo la carencia por distorsión que presentan las participantes ha influido de modo negativo, siendo actualmente mujeres inseguras, dependientes e inestables; y con dificultades en sus relaciones de pareja.
Resultado visual de la cirugía de catarata en niños del Hospital San Felipe Enero 2001-Enero 2017
Authors: Jerez Carvajal Fabiola , Erhler Alberto , Espinoza Iván
Published: January 2020

Antecedentes: La incidencia de catarata en niños es 1/6-10 000 nacimientos. El uso de lente intraocular (LIO) es controversial. Objetivo: Determinar el método de corrección de agudeza visual (AV) más efectivo utilizado en pacientes pediátricos operados de catarata en la Consulta Externa de Oftalmología del Hospital San Felipe de enero 2001- enero 2017. Pacientes y métodos: Se realizó un estudio observacional cuantitativo, descriptivo, transversal y retrospectivo en la Consulta Externa de Oftalmología del Hospital San Felipe, Hospital de Referencia Nacional. El universo y la muestra correspondió a 90 ojos de 71 pacientes pediátricos con diagnóstico de catarata en la consulta externa de oftalmología del Hospital San Felipe durante al periodo enero 2001-enero 2017. Se incluyó todo ojo de paciente de 6 meses a 14 años de edad operado de catarata en Hospital San Felipe. Se excluyó todo ojo de paciente pediátrico con diagnóstico de catarata que tuviese otra condición que comprometiera su AV (desprendimiento de retina, cicatriz macular, atrofia óptica, leucoma corneal) y/o que no hubiese sido intervenido quirúrgicamente por la catarata. Resultados: Se encontraron 90 ojos operados: 40.45% cataratas congénitas y 35.96% traumáticas. La agudeza visual previa de cuenta Visual results of cataract surgery in children at Hospital san Felipe January 2001-january 2017 Resultado visual de la cirugía de catarata en niños del Hospital San Felipe Enero 2001-Enero 2017 dedos – percepción de luz (CD-PL) en un 71.1% de los casos. Al 47.8% de los casos se practicó EEC+LIO CP. Complicaciones transoperatorias: ruptura de cápsula posterior (15.5%) y 1 luxación de cristalino a cámara vítrea. La agudeza visual obtenida posterior a la cirugía entre 20/20 -20/40 se obtuvo con lente intraocular (52.4%). Conclusiones: La mejor AV se obtuvo con LIO.