bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
REVALENCE, EVALUATION CRITERIA AND DIAGNOSIS METHODS OF INTERNET ADDICTION
Authors: Moskalenko Olga L. , Tereshchenko Sergey Yu. , Kasparov Eduard V.
Published: March 2023

Purpose: review of domestic and foreign studies in the field of Internet addiction.

Materials and methods. A review of the literature is presented and scientific studies on the prevalence of Internet addiction according to researchers from various countries are analyzed. The authors conducted a scientific search using the relevant keywords in the PubMed and Google Scholar search engines, in the Scopus, Web of Science, MedLine, The Cochrane Library, EMBASE, Global Health, CyberLeninka, RSCI (eLIBRARY.RU) and others databases.

Results. Internet addiction is widespread among children, adolescents and adolescents, and every year their number is increasing. In most of the studies conducted to identify internet addiction, the most accessible research methods were used – questionnaires, questionnaires. Individuals of early adolescence who are prone to Internet addiction have anxiety-depressive states, difficulties in doing work, and high excitability.

Conclusion. The results of studies of Internet addiction conducted in different countries of the world prove that this phenomenon has a worldwide prevalence and currently there are questions about the nosological affiliation, diagnostic criteria, clinical manifestations, and especially the prevention of Internet addiction.
PALEOECOLOGICAL CONDITIONS AND CARBON ACCUMULATION IN GENESIS OF INUNDATED MIRE OF MID-RUSSIAN UPLAND
Authors: Volkova Elena M. , Leonova Olga A. , Mironov Vasyliy V.
Published: March 2023

The aim is to study of influence of the ecological conditions on the carbon accumulation at the different stages of genesis of the inundated mire.

Materials and methods. The macrofossil analysis and the degree of peat decomposition were studied by the microscopic method, the moisture content and the dry bulk density were studied by the gravimetric method. The ash content was determined by burning, the content of organic matter was calculated by the difference between the mass of dry peat and the ash content. The carbon content (%) in peat samples was calculated based on the dry bulk density, the organic matter content and the mass fraction of carbon for each volume of peat. The rate of vertical growth of peat and intensity of peat accumulation in periods of Holocene were calculated based on the results of radioactive dating.

The parameters of surrounding landscapes during the mire genesis were characterized by the results of the palynology analysis and the estimation of fire activity. The intensity of fires in paleolandscapes was studied by the content of coal particles in each (1 cm3) sample of wet peat.

Results. The genesis of the Podkosmovo mire is presented by 5 stages which were took place under the stable conditions of water-mineral nutrition. The carbon accumulation in the genesis proceeded at the rate of 45.7 g/m2/year on average. At the same time, the surrounding landscapes differed in the degree of afforestation and the intensity of anthropogenic press.

Conclusion. The moderate hydration and nutrition with mineralized waters ensure the stability of the mire development and the intensity of carbon accumulation, despite the change of surrounding landscapes under the influence of climate or human. However, the active transformation of the surrounding landscapes can have a negative impact on the functioning of the mire and reduce the intensity of carbon accumulation.
THE USE OF VARIOUS BEHAVIORAL MODELS IN STUDYING THE RESPONSE OF RATS UNDER THE IMPACT OF NEGATIVE AEROIONS
Authors: Bzykov Oleg R. , Marzoeva Marina A. , Khabaeva Zinaida G. , Gappoeva Valentina S. , Okazova Zarina P. , Skupnevsky Sergei V.
Published: March 2023

The aim of the work was to evaluate the behavior of laboratory rats under the influence of negative air ions using various behavioral models. To create an excess of negative air ions, a Hippocrates ionizer (Enterprise Energia, Naberezhnye Chelny, Russia) was used. The exposure was carried out daily for 2 hours for 18-20 days. Wistar rats were used in the work. It was found that according to the open field test, under the influence of negative air ions, the level of indicators reflecting vertical and horizontal motor activity increased; decreased grooming rates and the number of bowel movements; the frequency of examination of holes increased. According to the elevated plus maze test, the number of visits to open and closed arms, hanging from open arms significantly increased with a simultaneous decrease in the frequency and duration of grooming, a decrease in the duration and number of freezes. The index of anxiety in the studies changed insignificantly. On the model of a black-and-white chamber, the time spent by rats in the dark and light compartments varied. The rats of the experimental group spent more time in the open space of the test, there was a significant increase in the exits and the duration of the time of looking out from the dark into the light compartments. In general, according to the behavioral models used, keeping animals in an environment enriched with air ions led to significant changes in the behavior of animals, increasing activity, emotional reactivity and stress resistance.
Multiple-Monitored Electroconvulsive Therapy (MMECT) – does it really just belong in psychiatry’s past? A case report
Authors: Chrobak Jan , Rodek Patryk , Kucia Krzysztof
Published: March 2023

Elektrowstrząsy są metodą stosowaną w psychiatrii od 1938r i pomimo swej dość burzliwej historii wciąż pozostają najskuteczniejszą metodą leczenia ciężkich chorób psychicznych. Pomimo wysokiej skuteczności i dobrego profilu bezpieczeństwa metody, pacjenci w katatonii wymagają najczęściej dużej liczby zabiegów. Niesie to za sobą długi czas hospitalizacji oraz konieczność wielokrotnego wprowadzania pacjenta w znieczulenie ogólne. W 1966 roku Blachly zaproponował, by podczas pojedynczego znieczulenia wywołać więcej niż jeden napad padaczkowy. Zgodnie z tą metodą pacjent miał być stale monitorowany (EKG, EEG) podczas serii elektrowstrząsów, która składała się z 2 do nawet 8 zabiegów. Dla uproszczenia metodę nazwano multiple-monitored ECT (MMECT) jako wielokrotne monitorowane zabiegi EW. Praca oparta jest na historii choroby Pacjentki z rozpoznaniem schizofrenii katatonicznej. W związku z niewystarczającym efektem zabiegów pojedynczych zdecydowano się na metodę MMECT, które wykonywano w seriach po 3 zabiegi, dwa razy w tygodniu. Dzięki terapii uzyskano remisję objawów katatonicznych. W badaniach na różnych populacjach chorych wykazano, że MMECT skraca czas hospitalizacji, czas występowania ostrych objawów oraz zmniejszała łączne narażenie pacjenta na środki anestetyczne i zwiotczające. Jak pokazuje powyższy przypadek MMECT może być potencjalnie traktowany jako bezpieczna alternatywa leczenia w przypadkach wymagających dużej liczby zabiegów, opornych na standardowe formy terapii.
Melatonin – the New Multipotential Drug of the Future?
Authors: Baranowska Alicja , Matyka Kamila , Matyszewska Aleksandra , Słowiaczek Anna , Sutkowski Jakub , Wilczewska Ewelina , Wojnar Marcin
Published: March 2023

Introduction: Melatonin is a well-known drug and dietary supplement that is steadily growing in popularity on the pharmaceutical market. This indolamine, which has been known for more than 50 years, is produced by the pineal gland depending on the circadian rhythm. Also referred to as the "darkness hormone" and secreted mainly during nighttime hours, it is primarily associated with the treatment of sleep-wake rhythm disorders or disorders associated with sudden shifting time zones (jet lag). However, many scientific studies have shown that melatonin has multidirectional effects. It is used both as a chronobiotic, i.e., a drug that regulates circadian rhythms, as well as having anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidative, and anti-carcinogenic properties, regulating mitochondrial function, and affecting many systems and organs, keeping the organism in a state of homeostasis.
Purpose: This review article aims to provide an overview of the mechanism of action of melatonin, its current indications in clinical practice, and potential future directions for therapy use.  
Materials and methods: A summary of reports available in publications and scientific studies posted in medical information databases: Pubmed, CrossRef, Google Scholar, and book positions.
Results: The pleiotropic effect of melatonin can be used as an supportive drug in the treatment of sleep disorders, disorders of the central nervous system, the cardiovascular system, the gastrointestinal system, and many oncological diseases.
Conclusions: Despite a number of important reports on the positive effects of melatonin in the treatment of disorders in many areas of medicine, it is necessary to deepen research with its participation and the emergence of recommendations for its use in order to safely introduce the drug into common clinical practice.
Study on the distribution in major disease category and frequency of clinical usage of national health insurance herbal prescription based on analysis on KCD8 disease code of indications
Authors: Lim Dong Woo , Ahn Jung Yun , Yu Ga Ram , Kim Jai Eun , Park Won Hwan
Published: March 2023

Objectives: National health insurance herbal prescription of Korean medicine has been serving important role in public healthcare in spite of continuous demand on revision of system. However, the categories of insurance herbal prescriptions are not equally distributed throughout the KCD-based major disease categories. We analyzed statistical database of claimed national health insurance classified as major disease categories by years. We classified all 56 herbal prescriptions as per their total medical indications into 22 major disease categories to analyze their distribution. Significant increase of M and S-T code claims were found, whereas decrease of U code claims by years. We figured out that the 56 prescriptions were unequally distributed along with enrichment of certain codes such as K and J. Meanwhile, the insurance claim of each prescription was positively correlated with number of code types of their indications. As a result, we believe that the reform of national health insurance herbal prescription list is necessary to promote use of it in clinic.
Is there any specificity in gender, triggering factors and HRV according to the left and right lesions of hemifacial spasm? : A retrospective chart review
Authors: Lee Yoon Ji , Kim Yong-Suk
Published: March 2023

Objectives: This study is designed to investigate the difference of gender, triggering factors and Heart rate variability(HRV) between left and right hemifacial spasm patients.Methods: Among hemifacial spasm patients who visited the Acupuncture and Moxibustion medicine clinic of Kyung Hee University Korean Medicine Hospital from January 1, 2017, to April 18, 2022, we reviewed the clinical records of subjects with right hemifacial spasm(n=55) and left hemifacial spasm(n=76). We investigated the difference of gender, triggering factors and HRV between left and right hemifacial spasm patients groups by student’s t-test, chi-square test and fisher's exact test using SPSS for windows(version 28.0.0.0.).Results: There was no difference in gender, triggering factors and HRV between left and right hemifacial spasm groups.Conclusion: According to this study, there were few specificity of lesions of left and right in hemifacial spasms.
An Analysis of the Current Status of dysmenorrhea patients visiting Korean Medicine Hospital
Authors: Choi Su-Ji , Kim Dong-Il
Published: March 2023

Objectives: This review aimed to present the characteristics of dysmenorrhea patients visiting a Korean Medicine hospital.Methods: One hundred thirteen dysmenorrhea patients visiting a Korean Medicine hospital from 2017 to 2021 were studied. We evaluated the general characteristics, type of dysmenorrhea, menstrual characteristics and overall therapies.Results: The average age of the 113 subjects was 29.4 years old, with 38.1% in their 20s and 25.7% in their 30s. The average pain intensity was NRS 7.5, and the menstrual pain severity of 79.6% of the subjects was grade 2 or 3. The types of dysmenorrhea were classified as primary dysmenorrhea in 62.0% and secondary dysmenorrhea in 38.1%. The average treatment period of the patients was 1–2 months in most cases (44.25%). The most common treatment method was herbal medicine.Conclusions: We figured out the status of dysmenorrhea patients and treatment in a Korean medicine hospital.
Using US Patent Analysis to Monitor the Technological Trend in the Field of Gastrointestinal Microbiome - Implications on Korean Medicine Research and Development -
Authors: Jo Geoncheol , Yoon Sejun , Bae Jeong Woon , Kim Byung Joo
Published: March 2023

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to provide direction for future research in the field of Korean medicine by analyzing microbiome based technologies emerging as a new diagnostic and treatment paradigm.Methods: To achieve the purpose of the study intellectual property data was used. After establishing citation network from registered microbiome-related US patents, citation network was analyzed by knowledge persistence-based main path approach to understanding technological trajectories. Furthermore, community detection algorithms were used to quantitatively identifying specific technological domain in a particular time period.Results: Results shows that early technologies in livestock industry contribute most to the recent patents. Knowledge in the patents flow through the path of food and beverage technological domain, and finally are inherited to the recent development of diagnosis, treatment and prevention technic.Conclusions: This study indicate that developing diagnostic tools which can link the composition of microbiome to specific diseases should be given high priority. Researches should lead to novel therapeutic strategies. Specifically, improving reliability of pattern identification and finding effective therapeutic compositions based on principles of Korean medicine is necessary.
A Study on the Descriptive Method and Common Terminology of 『Yeongchu·Gyeonggeun(靈樞·經筋)』
Authors: Kim Min-Sik , Kim Chang-Geon , Kim So-Rim , Lee Eun-Yong
Published: March 2023

Objectives & Methods: The entire ≪Lingshu·Jingjin≫ content was analyzed to find repetitive patterns, as well as to analyze commonly used terms. Through this, the guidelines for interpretation were presented.Results & Conclusions: ≪Lingshu·Jingjin≫ is not a question-and-answer format, but a simple enumerated narrative format. There is no part corresponding to the introduction, only the descriptions of 12 individual Meridian-muscle exist. Each Meridian-muscle is divided into ‘Flow of Muscle Mechanics(流́走)’ part and ‘Diseases’ part, and ‘Flow of Muscle Mechanics’ of each Meridian-muscle can be divided into ‘Main Flow’ and ‘Branch’. ‘Main Flow’ is the most central ‘Flow’ in each ‘Meridian-muscle’, and ‘Branch’ is the part where ‘Main Flow’ ends and the description of another ‘Flow’ begins. ‘Branch’ has different expressions according to the importance. The expression also varies depending on the dynamics. ‘Meridian-muscle’ should be interpreted based on this.
Two Cases of Adult Atopic Dermatitis Improved by Administration of Osuyu-tang
Authors: Lee Ju-Hyun , Park Sung-Gu , Jo Eun-Heui , Park Min-Cheol
Published: March 2023

Objectives: This study is to report two cases of adult atopic dermatitis improved by Osuyu-tang.Methods: Osuyu-tang was prescribed to two adult atopic dermatitis patients. The patients took Osuyu-tang 3 times a day for 45 days and 50 days, respectively.Results: In case 1 who complained of redness, erythema, edema, exudation, dryness, erosion, lichenification, scaly, and pruritus, skin symptoms improved from 15 to 2, and pruritus also improved from NRS 8 to 2. In case 2 who complained of redness-centered skin symptoms, skin symptoms improved from 15 to 1, and pruritus also improved from NRS 9 to 1.Conclusions: When Osuyu-tang was prescribed to two patients with adult atopic dermatitis, significant improvement was observed. It is thought that Osyyu-tang can be used as the treatment of other similar diseases in the future.
Roundtable on Sustainability and Advertising
Authors: Aronczyk Melissa , Clevenger-Lee Yumi , Gangadharbatla Harsha , Li Xinghua , Zwarun Lara , Timke Edward
Published: March 2023

Abstract: Advertising scholars and a leading practitioner meet to discuss the timely topic of sustainability
and advertising. The panelists first covered the challenges of defining sustainability and agreed
that it is a critical and contested concept. They also talked about the concept of the environment
and its relation to society and commerce while acknowledging that cultural differences contribute to
diverse ideas of nature and the environment around the world. The panelists also delved into the
concept of profit versus purpose and growth versus good in the context of sustainability. They
propose the idea of radical collaboration between companies, scholars, activists, and everyday
people to achieve common goals in achieving sustainability and protecting the environment. However,
the challenges of incentivizing collaboration among groups with different cultural, ideological,
economic, and political perspectives must be attended to, along with overcoming people's limited
time and attention to address such large, overwhelming global issues. The panel analyzes notable
environmental messaging in advertising and marketing and offers advice on how to achieve the goal of
having profits serving the greater good or balancing economic growth with environmental
sustainability.
Advercasting: Young Adult Preferences for Advertising Placement in Podcasts
Authors: Brooks Mary E. , Bichard Shannon , Craig Clay M.
Published: March 2023

Abstract: With the increase in volume of podcast series, episodes, and listeners, an important element of this new media technology is advertising. Advercasting, an informal term referring to podcast advertising, helps offset costs associated with the production of this increasingly popular new media platform. But, how do consumers of podcasts feel about ads within the context of podcasts? This study surveyed college-aged podcast listeners (primarily Generation Z) to understand their preferences for podcast advertising with a focus on message congruency. Results revealed that matching advertising and podcast content matters to podcast listeners. Additional results reveal the preferred placement of ads, preferred promotional type, and how podcast listeners respond to ads placed within the content of podcasts.
Beyond the Non-Binary: Advertising Confronts Gender Colloquium
Authors: DiFebo Val
Published: March 2023

Abstract: Val DiFebo, CEO of Deutsch NY, presents her perspective on gender in advertising during the Advertising & Society Colloquium held at the Smithsonian Institution's National Museum of American History on November 18, 2022. She describes her agency, known for its attitude and brashness, and speaks about her research team's understanding of gender terms, including those that are sub-categories of non-binary, such as genderqueer, agender, bigender, and more. DiFebo also discusses the evolution of gender depictions in advertising, which has moved from representation to activation. She shares examples of brands, such as Pantene and Mastercard, that have taken action towards diversity and inclusion. DiFebo emphasizes the importance of diverse teams at agencies, writing genderless casting specs, and having a diversity and inclusion review board, as well as using media strategies that are based on passions and interests, rather than demographics. She concludes with the hope that advertising can help society accept, include, and celebrate people for who they are.
Platforms, Promotional Labor, and the Politics of Influencer (In)Visibility: Advertising Confronts Gender Colloquium
Authors: Duffy Brooke Erin
Published: March 2023

Abstract: In her plenary address at the Advertising & Society Colloquium held at the Smithsonian Institution's National Museum of American History on November 18, 2022, Cornell University communications professor Brooke Erin Duffy discussed the precarity of women's labor as social media creators and influencers. Expanding on her work in the book (Not) Getting Paid to Do What You Love (Yale, 2017), she argued that the work of being an influencer is gendered, with women facing unfair criticism for being frivolous, fame obsessed, and fake. Despite the fact that these women are using talent, skill, and hard work, they are not fairly compensated for their labor. They are expected by both brands and fans to make their private lives visible. Duffy's research delves into the social and economic factors that are compelling so many people to aspire to this career. She also discusses the social construct of invisible labor and how gender, race, and class dynamics play a role in who does invisible labor and why certain work is devalued. She addresses the perils of visibility on social media platforms, particularly for women and marginalized groups who often face hate, harassment, and backlash online with little to no support from the platforms.
2022 Paul Kurnit Award: Dr. Judy Foster Davis
Authors: Davis Judy Foster
Published: March 2023

Abstract: The inaugural Paul Kurnit Award for Distinguished Scholarship in the Field of Advertising & Society was presented to Professor Judy Foster Davis of Eastern Michigan University at the 2022 Advertising & Society Colloquium held at the National Museum of American History. This piece presents a summary of the Kurnit Award as well as Professor Davis' winning article "Representation Matters: An Illustrated History of Race and Ethnicity in Advertising," which appeared in Advertising & Society Quarterly in 2020.
Teaching Ad Analysis Skills
Authors: Meyers Cynthia B.
Published: March 2023

Abstract: This teaching article explores the strategies used by advertising and media studies professor Cynthia B. Meyers to teach semiotics and visual analysis in advertising and communications classes. Rather than assigning dense theoretical readings, Meyers models ad analysis through various in-class activities. She asks students to select television commercials they are drawn to and watch them repeatedly, thinking critically about how the ads try to appeal to them through various persuasive strategies. Students then write an essay analyzing the commercial, using key concepts such as hard sell, soft sell, denotation, connotation, and more. Meyers also uses historical ads as examples to show students how advertising has evolved over time. The class also examines emotional appeals based on family relationships, sexual relationships, success in sports, fear, and humor. Additionally, Meyers guides students to recognize associations with wealth and high social status that brands make in ads and identify the values being conveyed, as well as the targeted market segment. Meyers shares her assignment, challenges students may encounter with it, and advice for other instructors on how to use it in their classes.
Author Meets Critics: A History of Advertising: The First 300,000 Years
Authors: Richards Jef I. , Davis Judy Foster , Kreshel Peggy J. , Meyers Cynthia B. , Minnec John , Timke Edward
Published: March 2023

Abstract: In this Author Meets Critics book discussion, Jef I. Richards explains how and why he wrote his book A History of Advertising: The First 300,000 Years (Rowman and Littlefield, 2022): to make advertising history topics accessible and engaging through a highly illustrated guide that he calls a mobile museum of advertising. He and other advertising history specialists met to discuss the book's timeline format and plethora of images, which came largely from material Richards collected and photographed himself. The book's introduction questions the assumption that advertising practitioners look forward and not backward, but the discussion participants explain how the book includes cases where advertisers made significant mistakes and missteps because they did not take history into account. The panelists reflect on the societal and cultural aspects of advertising mentioned in the book and how having such a perspective can prevent advertising blunders now and in the future. The group suggests ways to use the textbook in classes or general education. They also forecast what future historians might study about present-day advertising and society.
Combating Adolescent Problematic Internet Use: Market Segmentation and Communication of Parental Control Software
Authors: Sciglimpaglia Donald , Brodowsky Glen
Published: March 2023

Abstract: Problematic Internet Use (PIU) and issues attributed to misuse of social media platforms by adolescents have risen to become major concerns of parents worldwide. Prior research has provided a theoretical framework for understanding what drives parents to take action to mitigate PIU by adopting parental control software, but has been lacking in identifying who would be more or less likely to have such concerns and would be targets to adopt such software solutions. The study drew upon a broad national cross-sectional survey of 330 parents of children between the age of 10 and 15 in the United States. The survey was conducted via Qualtrics Panels during July 2020. To assess the potential for future segmentation-based strategy and marketing communications, the results for likelihood to subscribe and the amount willing to spend were assessed. The findings identify the prime targets of parental control software and marketing communications implications.
Objective method for visual performance prediction
Authors: Torres-Sepúlveda Walter , Mira-Agudelo Alejandro , Barrera-Ramírez John Fredy , Kolodziejczyk Andrzej
Published: March 2023

We propose, implement, and validate a new objective method for predicting the trends of visual acuity through-focus curves provided by specific optical elements. The proposed method utilized imaging of sinusoidal gratings provided by the optical elements and the definition of acuity. A custom-made monocular visual simulator equipped with active optics was used to implement the objective method and to validate it via subjective measurements. Visual acuity measurements were obtained monocularly from a set of six subjects with paralyzed accommodation for a naked eye and then that eye compensated by four multifocal optical elements. The objective methodology successfully predicts the trends of the visual acuity through-focus curve for all considered cases. The Pearson correlation coefficient was 0.878 for all tested optical elements, which agrees with results obtained by similar works. The proposed method constitutes an easy and direct alternative technique for the objective testing of optical elements for ophthalmic and optometric applications, which can be implemented before invasive, demanding, or costly procedures on real subjects.
Fraunhofer diffraction pattern of a Gaussian beam passing through a photorefractive crystal Bi12GeO20
Authors: Solano Navarro Angie , Moreno Y. Torres , Fontecha Juan D. S. , Florez Marco , Jerez Vladimir
Published: March 2023

In this theoretical–experimental study, we use the Fresnel–Kirchhoff diffraction theory to simulate the formation of the far-field diffraction pattern of a divergent Gaussian beam propagated through a photorefractive crystal Bi12GeO20 (BGO). We show that for the BGO, in addition to the wavefront curvature and change in the refractive index of the medium due to light intensity, there is a third contribution affecting the medium-induced nonlinear phase shift; the latter is related to the additional change in the refractive index produced by the photorefractive nature effect. We consider that this work contributes to the characterization of photorefractive materials using diffraction patterns.
Nonlinear optics in 2D materials: focus on the contributions from Latin America
Authors: de Matos Christiano J. S. , Rosa Henrique G. , Zapata Juan D. , Steinberg David , Maldonado Melissa , Thoroh de Souza E. A. , de Paula Ana M. , Malard Leandro M. , Gomes Anderson S. L.
Published: March 2023

This paper reviews the work carried out in the field of nonlinear optics in two-dimensional and ultrathin lamellar materials, with a special focus on contributions authored and co-authored by researchers affiliated with Latin American institutions. It is shown that important and impactful contributions have emerged from Latin America, which has a consolidated and active optics community. Nonlinear optical refraction, nonlinear optical absorption, and nonlinear frequency conversion in materials such as graphene, transition metal dichalcogenides, and black phosphorus are among the reviewed themes.
Physical-layer encryption and authentication scheme based on SKGD and 4D hyper-chaos
Authors: Wang Danyang , Wang Hongxiang , Xu He , Ji Yuefeng
Published: March 2023

In this paper, a scheme to realize encryption and digital identity authentication at the same time is proposed for enhancing the physical-layer security of point-to-point optical links (PPOL). Exploiting identity code encrypted by the key as authentication information effectively resists passive eavesdropping attacks in fingerprint authentication. The proposed scheme theoretically realizes secure key generation and distribution (SKGD) by phase noise estimation of the optical channel and the generation of identity codes with good randomness and unpredictability by the four-dimensional (4D) hyper-chaotic system. The local laser, erbium doped fiber amplifier (EDFA), and public channel provide the entropy source of uniqueness and randomness to extract symmetric key sequences for legitimate partners. The simulation conducted in a quadrature phase shift keying (QPSK) PPOL system over 100km standard single mode fiber verify successfully that 0.95Gbit/s error-free SKGD. The unpredictability and high sensitivity to the initial value and control parameters of the 4D hyper-chaotic system provide a huge space of ~10125 for identity codes, which is sufficient to resist exhaustive attack. With the proposed scheme, the security level of key and identity can be increased markedly.
Evaluation of eight band SuperDove imagery for aquatic applications
Authors: Vanhellemont Quinten
Published: March 2023

Planet’s SuperDove constellation is evaluated for remote sensing of water targets. SuperDoves are small satellites with on board eight band PlanetScope imagers that add four new bands compared to the previous generations of Doves. The Yellow (612 nm) and Red Edge (707 nm) bands are of particular interest to aquatic applications, for example in aiding the retrieval of pigment absorption. The dark spectrum fitting (DSF) algorithm is implemented in ACOLITE for processing of SuperDove data, and its outputs are compared to matchup data collected using an autonomous pan-and-tilt hyperspectral radiometer (PANTHYR) installed in the turbid waters of the Belgian Coastal Zone (BCZ). Results for 35 matchups from 32 unique SuperDove satellites indicate on average low differences with PANTHYR observations for the first seven bands (443–707 nm), with mean absolute relative differences (MARD) 15–20%. The mean average differences (MAD) are between -0.01 and 0 for the 492–666 nm bands, i.e. DSF results show a negative bias, while the Coastal Blue (444 nm) and Red Edge (707 nm) show a small positive bias (MAD 0.004 and 0.002). The NIR band (866 nm) shows a larger positive bias (MAD 0.01), and larger relative differences (MARD 60%). Root mean squared differences (RMSD) are rather flat at around 0.01 with peaks in the bands with highest water reflectance of around 0.015. The surface reflectance products as provided by Planet (PSR) show a similar average performance to DSF, with slightly larger and mostly positive biases, except in both Green bands, where the MAD is close to 0. MARD in the two Green bands is a bit lower for PSR (9.5–10.6%) compared to DSF (9.9–13.0%). Higher scatter is found for the PSR (RMSD 0.015–0.020), with some matchups showing large, spectrally mostly flat differences, likely due to the external aerosol optical depth (τ
a
) inputs not being representative for these particular images. Chlorophyll a absorption (a
Chl
) is retrieved from PANTHYR measurements, and the PANTHYR data are used to calibrate a
Chl
retrieval algorithms for SuperDove in the BCZ. Various Red band indices (RBI) and two neural networks are evaluated for a
Chl
estimation. The best performing RBI algorithm, i.e. the Red band difference (RBD), showed a MARD of 34% for DSF and 25% for PSR with positive biases of 0.11 and 0.03 m −1 respectively for 24 PANTHYR a
Chl
matchups. The difference in RBD performance between DSF and PSR can be largely explained by their respective average biases in the Red and Red Edge bands, which are opposite signs for DSF (negative bias in the red), and positive for both bands for PSR. Mapping of turbid water a
Chl
and hence chlorophyll a concentration (C) using SuperDove is demonstrated for coastal bloom imagery, showing how SuperDove data can supplement monitoring programmes.
1 × 2 mode-independent polymeric thermo-optic switch based on a Mach–Zehnder interferometer with a multimode interferometer
Authors: Sun Shijie , Sun Xueqing , Lian Tianhang , Che Yuanhua , Zhu Mu , Yu Qidong , Xie Yuhang , Wang Xibin , Zhang Daming
Published: March 2023

We present the design and performances of a broadband 1 × 2 mode-independent thermo-optic (TO) switch based on Mach-Zehnder interferometer (MZI) with multimode interferometer (MMI). The MZI adopts a Y-branch structure as the 3-dB power splitter and a MMI as the coupler, which are designed to be insensitive to the guided modes. By optimizing the structural parameters of the waveguides, mode-independent transmission and switching functions for E11 and E12 modes can be implemented in the C + L band, and the mode content of the outputs is the same as the mode content of the inputs. We proved the working principle of our design based on polymer platform, which was fabricated by using ultraviolet lithography and wet-etching methods. The transmission characteristics for E11 and E12 modes were also analyzed. With the driving power of 5.9 mW, the measured extinction ratios of the switch for E11 and E12 modes are larger than 13.3 dB and 13.1 dB, respectively, over a wavelength range of 1530 nm to 1610 nm. The insertion losses of the device are 11.7 dB and 14.2 dB for E11 and E12 modes, respectively, at 1550 nm wavelength. The switching times of the device are less than 840 µs. The presented mode-independent switch can be applied in reconfigurable mode-division multiplexing systems.
Speckle attenuation for optical coherence tomography images using the generalized low rank approximations of matrices
Authors: Lv Hongli
Published: March 2023

A frequently used technology in medical diagnosis is optical coherence tomography (OCT). However, coherent noise, also known as speckle noise, has the potential to severely reduce the quality of OCT images, which would be detrimental to the use of OCT images for disease diagnosis. In this paper, a despeckling method is proposed to effectively reduce the speckle noise in OCT images using the generalized low rank approximations of matrices (GLRAM). Specifically, the Manhattan distance (MD)-based block matching method is first used to find nonlocal similar blocks for the reference one. The left and right projection matrices shared by these image blocks are then found using the GLRAM approach, and an adaptive method based on asymptotic matrix reconstruction is proposed to determine how many eigenvectors are present in the left and right projection matrices. Finally, all the reconstructed image blocks are aggregated to create the despeckled OCT image. In addition, an edge-guided adaptive back-projection strategy is used to improve the despeckling performance of the proposed method. Experiments with synthetic and real OCT images show that the presented method performs well in both objective measurements and visual evaluation.
Single-pixel reconstructive mid-infrared micro-spectrometer
Authors: Dong Kaichen , Li Jiachen , Zhang Tiancheng , Gu Fangda , Cai Yuhang , Gupta Niharika , Tang Kechao , Javey Ali , Yao Jie , Wu Junqiao
Published: March 2023

Miniaturized spectrometers in the mid-infrared (MIR) are critical in developing next-generation portable electronics for advanced sensing and analysis. The bulky gratings or detector/filter arrays in conventional micro-spectrometers set a physical limitation to their miniaturization. In this work, we demonstrate a single-pixel MIR micro-spectrometer that reconstructs the sample transmission spectrum by a spectrally dispersed light source instead of spatially grated light beams. The spectrally tunable MIR light source is realized based on the thermal emissivity engineered via the metal-insulator phase transition of vanadium dioxide (VO2). We validate the performance by showing that the transmission spectrum of a magnesium fluoride (MgF2) sample can be computationally reconstructed from sensor responses at varied light source temperatures. With potentially minimum footprint due to the array-free design, our work opens the possibility where compact MIR spectrometers are integrated into portable electronic systems for versatile applications.
Two-dimensional optical differentiator for broadband edge detection based on dielectric metasurface
Authors: Zong Meixue , Liu Yiqing , Lv Jinwen , Zhang Shubin , Xu Zhengji
Published: March 2023

Image edge processing has widespread adoption in a variety of scientific and industrial scenarios. To date, implementations of image edge processing have mostly been done electronically, but there are still difficulties to achieve real-time, high-throughput, and low power consumption image edge processing. The advantages of optical analog computing include low power consumption, fast transmission speed, and high parallel processing capability, and optical analog differentiators make this process possible. However, the proposed analog differentiators can hardly meet the requirements of broadband, polarization insensitive, high contrast, and high efficiency at the same time. Moreover, they are limited to one-dimensional differentiation or work in reflection mode. To be better compatible with two-dimensional image processing or image recognition systems, two-dimensional optical differentiators that integrate the above advantages are urgently needed. In this Letter, a two-dimensional analog optical differentiator with edge detection operating in transmission mode is proposed. It can cover the visible band, is polarization uncorrelated, and has a resolution that reaches 1.7 μm. The efficiency of the metasurface is higher than 88%.
Skeletonization and 3D rendering with real time terahertz tomography
Authors: Chopard Adrien , Guillet Jean-Paul , Gellie Pierre , Recur Benoit , Balacey Hugo , Mounaix Patrick
Published: March 2023

Terahertz technology (spanning between 0.1 and 10 THz) is now a well-established tool to achieve contactless sensing and non-destructive testing (NDT). Among the advanced approaches, THz computed tomography (THz CT) is an emerging technique for 3D reconstruction and has been extensively investigated over the last decade. This work focuses on those capabilities for 3D volumetric reconstructions of complex objects through the use of a real-time THz imaging system operating at 2.5 THz. Further work demonstrates that the resulting data are compatible with automated processing for (i) an ad-hoc segmentation, extracting the sample from the background and reconstruction surrounding noise, (ii) a component labelling, and (iii) a skeletonization, providing crucial additional metadata about the sample morphology.
The biotoxin BMAA promotes dysfunction via distinct mechanisms in neuroblastoma and glioblastoma cells
Authors: Burton Bryan , Collins Kate , Brooks Jordan , Marx Karly , Renner Abigail , Wilcox Kaylei , Moore Ellie , Osowski Keith , Riley Jordan , Rowe Jarron , Pawlus Matthew
Published: March 2023

Chronic exposure to the Cyanobacteria biotoxin Beta-methylamino-L-alanine (BMAA) has been associated with development of a sporadic form of ALS called Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis/Parkinsonism-Dementia Complex (ALS/PDC), as observed within certain Indigenous populations of Guam and Japan. Studies in primate models and cell culture have supported the association of BMAA with ALS/PDC, yet the pathological mechanisms at play remain incompletely characterized, effectively stalling the development of rationally-designed therapeutics or application of preventative measures for this disease. In this study we demonstrate for the first time that sub-excitotoxic doses of BMAA modulate the canonical Wnt signaling pathway to drive cellular defects in human neuroblastoma cells, suggesting a potential mechanism by which BMAA may promote neurological disease. Further, we demonstrate here that the effects of BMAA can be reversed in cell culture by use of pharmacological modulators of the Wnt pathway, revealing the potential value of targeting this pathway therapeutically. Interestingly, our results suggest the existence of a distinct Wnt-independent mechanism activated by BMAA in glioblastoma cells, highlighting the likelihood that neurological disease may result from the cumulative effects of distinct cell-type specific mechanisms of BMAA toxicity.
Study protocol for development of an options assessment toolkit (OAT) for national malaria programs in Asia Pacific to determine best combinations of vivax radical cure for their given contexts
Authors: Shrestha Manash , Neukom Josselyn , Acharya Sanjaya , Habib Muhammad Naeem , Wini Lyndes , Duong Tran Thanh , Thang Ngo Duc , Lhazeen Karma , Thriemer Kamala , Lynch Caroline Anita
Published: March 2023

Introduction

Recent advances in G6PD deficiency screening and treatment are rapidly changing the landscape of radical cure of vivax malaria available for National Malaria Programs (NMPs). While NMPs await the WHO’s global policy guidance on these advances, they will also need to consider different contextual factors related to the vivax burden, health system capacity, and resources available to support changes to their policies and practices. Therefore, we aim to develop an Options Assessment Toolkit (OAT) that enables NMPs to systematically determine optimal radical cure options for their given environments and potentially reduce decision-making delays. This protocol outlines the OAT development process.

Methods

Utilizing participatory research methods, the OAT will be developed in four phases where the NMPs and experts will have active roles in designing the research process and the toolkit. In the first phase, an essential list of epidemiological, health system, and political & economic factors will be identified. In the second phase, 2–3 NMPs will be consulted to determine the relative priority and measurability of these factors. These factors and their threshold criteria will be validated with experts using a modified e-Delphi approach. In addition, 4–5 scenarios representing country contexts in the Asia Pacific region will be developed to obtain the expert-recommended radical cure options for each scenario. In the third phase, additional components of OAT, such as policy evaluation criteria, latest information on new radical cure options, and others, will be finalized. The OAT will be pilot-tested with other Asia Pacific NMPs in the final phase.

Ethics and dissemination

Human Research Ethics Committee approval has been received from the Northern Territory, Department of Health, and Menzies School of Health Research (HREC Reference Number: 2022–4245). The OAT will be made available for the NMPs, introduced at the APMEN Vivax Working Group annual meeting, and reported in international journals.
Standardization of flow cytometry and cell sorting to enable a transcriptomic analysis in a multi-site sarcoidosis study
Authors: Magallon Roman E. , Harmacek Laura D. , Arger Nicholas K. , Grewal Pineet , Powers Linda , Werner Brenda R. , Barkes Briana Q. , Li Li , MacPhail Kristyn , Gillespie May , White Elizabeth K. , Collins Sarah E. , Brown Talyor , Cardenas Jessica , Chen Edward S. , Maier Lisa A. , Leach Sonia M. , Hamzeh Nabeel Y. , Koth Laura L. , O’Connor Brian P.
Published: March 2023

The contribution and regulation of various CD4+ T cell lineages that occur with remitting vs progressive courses in sarcoidosis are poorly understood. We developed a multiparameter flow cytometry panel to sort these CD4+ T cell lineages followed by measurement of their functional potential using RNA-sequencing analysis at six-month intervals across multiple study sites. To obtain good quality RNA for sequencing, we relied on chemokine receptor expression to identify and sort lineages. To minimize gene expression changes induced by perturbations of T cells and avoid protein denaturation caused by freeze/thaw cycles, we optimized our protocols using freshly isolated samples at each study site. To accomplish this study, we had to overcome significant standardization challenges across multiple sites. Here, we detail standardization considerations for cell processing, flow staining, data acquisition, sorting parameters, and RNA quality control analysis that were performed as part of the NIH-sponsored, multi-center study, BRonchoscopy at Initial sarcoidosis diagnosis Targeting longitudinal Endpoints (BRITE). After several rounds of iterative optimization, we identified the following aspects as critical for successful standardization: 1) alignment of PMT voltages across sites using CS&T/rainbow bead technology; 2) a single template created in the cytometer program that was used by all sites to gate cell populations during data acquisition and cell sorting; 3) use of standardized lyophilized flow cytometry staining cocktails to reduce technical error during processing; 4) development and implementation of a standardized Manual of Procedures. After standardization of cell sorting, we were able to determine the minimum number of sorted cells necessary for next generation sequencing through analysis of RNA quality and quantity from sorted T cell populations. Overall, we found that implementing a multi-parameter cell sorting with RNA-seq analysis clinical study across multiple study sites requires iteratively tested standardized procedures to ensure comparable and high-quality results.
Humic substances from composted fennel residues control the inflammation induced by Helicobacter pylori infection in AGS cells
Authors: Verrillo Mariavittoria , Cuomo Paola , Montone Angela Michela Immacolata , Savy Davide , Spaccini Riccardo , Capparelli Rosanna , Piccolo Alessandro
Published: March 2023

Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) is a common human pathogen causing inflammation. Recent studies have suggested a sophisticated interplay between mitochondria, innate immunity and inflammatory response, thus proposing mitochondrial disfunction as the hallmark of severe inflammatory disorders. In this study, humic substances isolated from composted fennel residues (HS-FEN) were tested as potential therapeutical strategy to restore the mitochondrial physiology and control the inflammation associated with H. pylori infection. The molecular features of HS-FEN were characterized by infrared spectrometry, thermochemolysis-GC/MS, NMR spectroscopy, and high-performance size-exclusion chromatography (HPSEC), which revealed the presence of aromatic polyphenolic components arranged in a rather stable conformation. In vitro results showed antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties of HS-FEN, that was found to increase the expression level of OPA-1 and SOD-2 genes and in AGS cells stimulated with H. pylori culture filtrate (Hpcf) and concomitantly decrease the expression level of Drp-1 gene and IL-12, IL-17 and G-CSF proteins. The hydrophobic features of HS, their conformational arrangement and large content of bioactive molecules may explain the beneficial effects of HS-FEN, that may potentially become an interesting source of anti-inflammatory agents capable to counteract or prevent the H. pylori-related inflammatory disorders.