bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Abstract P451: Clinical, Demographic, and Geographic Trends in Cardiovascular Causes of Deaths Associated With Homelessness
Authors: Swamy Shriya , Khorsandi Shaya , Attri Sarina , Nichols Renae , King Ben
Published: May 2024

Background:
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) remains the leading cause of death in the United States, accounting for a staggering 928,741 fatalities in 2020. Persons experiencing homelessness (PEH) have a 3- to 5-fold excess risk of mortality from CVD, which ranks as a predominant cause of mortality in this setting, second only to overdose deaths. The elevated incidence of CVD mortality for PEH may be attributable to complex interactions between social determinants and risk factors that include delayed diagnosis, limited healthcare access, heightened smoking rates, and the increased incidence of diabetes and hypertension among other factors.

Methods:
This study utilized records from the county medical examiner in the third most populous county in the US from 2021-2022, focusing exclusively on CVD mortality in medicolegal cases to analyze the impact of specific risk factors for PEH. All medicolegal deaths involving CVD were analyzed to determine relative frequencies of associated or secondary causes between housed and PEH deaths along with insights into the influence of age, race, and gender.

Results:
The examination of the CVD mortality in PEH cases in 2021 (n=52) and 2022 (n=71) revealed important trends, yielding an estimated, unadjusted mortality rate of 23 deaths per 1,000 person-years-exposed-to-homelessness (compared to around 2 per 1,000 person-years in population). The mean age for CVD deaths in PEH was 58.6 and 60.6 years in 2021 and 2022 respectively (males increased 57.8 to 61.3 years; females increased 58.8 to 60.6 years), while the proportion of CVD deaths increased among males (30-32%) but decreased for females (29-22%). This widening gap in the percent of CVD deaths occurring among male PEH and female PEH is evident where the gap stood at 1% in 2021 but expanded to 10% in 2022 (p=n.s.). Racial disparities show a rapid increase in CVD deaths for Black/African American PEH (26.1-33.7%). Top conditions associated with CVD deaths were hypertension and atherosclerosis, regardless of housing status at death. Diabetes mellitus (25%), obesity (22%), and chronic ethanolism (16%) round out the top 5 conditions for housed decedents, while among the unhoused COPD (19.7%), CHF (12.7%), and diabetes mellitus (11.3%) were the most common.

Conclusion:
Exposure to homelessness and housing instability is a major driver of cardiovascular mortality. These findings suggest that PEH face ongoing challenges in the management and prevention of CVD. Additionally, CVD deaths associated with homelessness often point foremost to hypertensive and atherosclerotic vascular changes, contributing to natural deaths. These conditions point to persistent risk factors such as limited healthcare access, high smoking rates (contributing to COPD), and higher incidences of diabetes and hypertension. Additional research is needed on underlying causes of the identified gender disparities.
Abstract P454: Health Insurance Increases Access to Hypertension Treatment Among Venezuelan Migrants and Refugees: A Population-Based Survey in Peru
Authors: Quevedo Ramirez Andres , Quintana Juan Luis , Sueldo Alexandra
Published: May 2024

Introduction:
Over 6 million migrants and refugees have left Venezuela because of an ongoing political instability and socioeconomic crisis. This unprecedented migration has led to an increase of over 1 million Venezuelan migrants and refugees in Peru. Migrants are considered a vulnerable population and are often faced with discrimination, financial distress, and restricted access to health services. According to the literature, chronic diseases, such as hypertension, are the leading cause of preventable morbidity and premature death. In Peru, according to a 2018 survey, only 10.8% of Venezuelan migrants receive regular treatment for chronic diseases.

Hypothesis:
We assessed the hypothesis that having health insurance is associated with access to hypertension treatment.

Methods:
Cross-sectional study based on a secondary analysis from the 2022 survey of Venezuelan Population Living in Peru (ENPOVE 2022). The survey included 12,487 participants. Our population included Venezuelan migrants and refugees over 18 years old with self-reported hypertension. The outcome variable was to receive regular treatment, while the independent variable was having health insurance. Complex samplings characteristics and sampling weights of ENPOVE 2022, as well as the subpop command were used. Crude and adjusted prevalence ratios (aPR) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were obtained using Poisson log generalized linear regression models.

Results:
A total of 419 Venezuelan adults with self-reported hypertension were included in our study, of whom only 26.5% (95% CI 20.1-33.0) received regular treatment. Mean age was 50.3 ±12.9 (standard deviation) years old. Moreover, 30% perceived discrimination (95% CI 24.5-36.0), 39.1% (95% CI 32.4-46.2) were undocumented and 69% (95% CI 62.1- 75.1) did not have health insurance. In the multivariate analysis, after controlling by sex, age, socio-economic status, perceived discrimination, immigration status and disability, having health insurance was associated with receiving regular treatment (aPR 2.33; 95% CI 1.47-3.70). Neither perceived discrimination (aPR 0.62; 95% CI 0.37-1.05) nor disability (aPR 1.46; 95% CI 0.08-2.55) were associated with receiving regular treatment.

Conclusions:
In conclusion, less than 1/3 of migrants and refugees with hypertension have access to regular treatment. Having health insurance was associated with receiving regular treatment for hypertension. There is a need to improve health insurance coverage among migrants and refugees regardless of the immigration status.
Abstract P460: Attack of the (Survey) Bots: How We Determined That Our Anonymous Survey Was Full of False Data
Authors: Imes Christopher C , Baniak Lynn M , Luyster Faith S , Morris Jonna L , Orbell Staci L
Published: May 2024

Introduction:
Given the nursing shortage in the US and increased focus on reducing burnout, more research on nurses' and nursing assistants’ strategies to mitigate the adverse effects of night shifts and rotating schedules is needed. However, recruitment challenges limit study sample sizes and, consequently, the generalizability of results. Social media platforms provide opportunities to reach a broader sample, yet data quality assessment requires further investigation.

Purpose:
This study examined the feasibility of using X (formerly Twitter) to recruit nurses and nursing assistants throughout the US to complete a survey on work schedules, fatigue countermeasures use, and sleep and general health.

Methods:
The anonymous survey was advertised on X with the following tweet: “Nurses and nursing assistants: How does your work schedule and sleep affect your health? What do you do to lessen your fatigue when working? Let us know by completing the Scheduling, Sleep, and Health Survey and a chance for an Amazon gift card: [survey link]. Please RT & share! #Nurse #NurseLife.” Inclusion criteria were: 1) age ≥ 18; 2) being a registered nurse, licensed practical nurse, or nursing assistant; and 3) worked ≥ 36 hours/week during the last 4 weeks. The survey included questions on sociodemographics, shift type and schedule, fatigue countermeasure use, mealtimes/location when working, and sleep health and several PROMIS measures (General Health, Fatigue, and Cognitive Function). After survey completion, respondents were directed to a new survey to provide their contact information to be entered to win a $50 Amazon gift card, with 20 randomly selected recipients. The survey incorporated data verification questions to detect potentially bot-generated or suspicious responses.

Results:
In under 24 hours, 512 surveys were recorded (495 contained complete data) before deactivating the survey link. Responses were categorized as: 1) likely genuine (n = 2); 2) likely bot-generated (n = 472); and 3) uncertain (i.e., possible but not likely such as worked 6 or 7 shifts in the last 7 days; n = 19). Identifying likely bot-generated responses involved evaluating four components from the data verification questions: 1) inconsistencies in mealtimes/locations compared to reported shift type in the past week (n = 243); 2) failure to meet the criterion for hours worked (i.e., shift length and number of shifts totaling < 36 hours in the last 7 days; n = 143); 3) discrepancies in reported shifts between the past week and the previous 4 weeks (n = 61); and 4) responses with large blocks of identical data (n = 27).

Conclusions:
Since over 95% of the responses were likely from bots, it may not be feasible to use X for valid, anonymous survey data collection. Targeted recruitment methods within a healthcare system or specialty groups (e.g., operating room or critical care nurses) may provide more valid, but less generalizable, data.
Abstract P483: Food Purchase Priorities and Healthy Food Purchase Supports and Barriers for U.S. General and Low-Income Consumers: A Quantitative Survey
Authors: Tate Kayla E , Bassett Angel , Johnson Shelley , Petersen Kristina , Toner Cheryl D
Published: May 2024

Introduction:
Identifying priorities and attributes that influence food purchase decisions will inform interventions and strategies to promote healthy eating.

Aim:
This study aimed to identify food purchase priorities and healthy food purchase supports and barriers for the general population and those with limited household income.

Methods:
Participants were recruited by a market research company in May 2023 and were required to be ≥ 18 years old, not work in healthcare/medical/nutrition or advertising/public relations/marketing/market research and be the primary/shared food decision maker for the household. Recruitment quotas ensured age, income, gender and geographic region approximated 2022 US census data (n=1,182) (Census-representative group, CRG). A sample with limited income and participation in federal food or healthcare programs (low-income group, LIG) was also recruited (n=506). The survey was administered online in May and June 2023. Differences between LIG and CRG were assessed using z-tests (p < 0.05).

Results:
Taste was most commonly rated by CRG as very or extremely important in household food purchasing (87%). Availability, price, ingredients and nutritional value were also important to at least two-thirds of CRG. Taste was similarly important to LIG (85%), but they were more likely to rate price and less likely to rate availability, nutritional value and ingredients as important. When prompted to choose the most important factor, price and taste were the most common responses, chosen by similar proportions of CRG, while price was the most important factor for LIG, followed by taste. CRG versus LIG were more likely to prioritize personal taste over cost, health and nutrition information on labels, buying local and selecting according to nutrition, brand and origin/sourcing information. CRG were less likely than LIG to prefer a lower cost and usually select according to price. LIG were more likely than CRG to state that nothing supports them in selecting healthier foods and less likely to have found support from good-tasting recipes, advance meal or grocery list preparation, cooking equipment access, following influencers, recommendations from organizations or consulting a dietitian/nutritionist. Conversely, LIG were more likely to identify price and availability as barriers to selecting healthier foods, and less likely to see long preparation time, small servings sizes or nothing as barriers.

Conclusions:
Cost is a strong barrier to healthy eating, especially with limited income, along with taste, while nutrition is not a leading influence on food choice. Strategies to enable healthy eating among low-income households must prioritize taste and cost.
Prediabetes Increases the Risk of Frailty in Prefrail Older Adults With Hypertension: Beneficial Effects of Metformin
Authors: Santulli Gaetano , Visco Valeria , Varzideh Fahimeh , Guerra Germano , Kansakar Urna , Gasperi Maurizio , Marro Anna , Wilson Scott , Ferrante Mario Nicola Vittorio , Pansini Antonella , Pirone Armando , Di Lorenzo Francesco , Tartaglia Domenico , Iaccarino Guido , Macina Gaetano , Agyapong Esther Densu , Forzano Imma , Jankauskas Stanislovas S. , Komici Klara , Ciccarelli Michele , Mone Pasquale
Published: May 2024

BACKGROUND:

Prediabetes has garnered increasing attention due to its association with cardiovascular conditions, especially hypertension, which heightens the risk of prefrailty and frailty among older individuals.

METHODS:

We screened elders with prefrail hypertension from March 2021 to January 2023. We assessed the correlation linking cognitive dysfunction (Montreal Cognitive Assessment score), insulin resistance (triglyceride-to-glucose index), and physical impairment (5-meter gait speed). Then, we measured the risk of developing frailty after a 1-year follow-up period, adjusting the outcome using multivariable Cox regression analysis. We also investigated the impact of administering 500 mg of metformin once daily to a subset of frail subjects for an additional 6 months.

RESULTS:

We assessed the relationship between the triglyceride-to-glucose index and the Montreal Cognitive Assessment score, observing a significant correlation (r, 0.880;
P
<0.0001). Similarly, we analyzed the association between the triglyceride-to-glucose index and 5-meter gait speed, uncovering a significant link between insulin resistance and physical impairment (r, 0.809;
P
<0.0001). Prediabetes was found to significantly (
P
<0.0001) elevate the risk of frailty development compared with individuals without prediabetes by the end of the 1-year follow-up, a finding confirmed via multivariable analysis with Cox regression. Furthermore, among the subgroup of subjects who developed frailty, those who received metformin exhibited a significant decrease in frailty levels (
P
<0.0001).

CONCLUSIONS:

Insulin resistance and prediabetes play substantial roles in the development of cognitive and physical impairments, highlighting their importance in managing hypertension, even before the onset of frank diabetes. Metformin, a well-established drug for the treatment of diabetes, has shown favorable effects in mitigating frailty.
Sex‐Dependent Manifestations of Intracranial Aneurysms
Authors: Wälchli Thomas , Ndengera Martin , Constanthin Paul E. , Bisschop Jeroen , Morel Sandrine , Gautschi Oliver , Berhouma Moncef , Kalyvas Aristotelis , Monnier Philippe P. , Winkler Ethan A. , Kortman Hans , Bhatia Kartik , Dammann Philipp , Jägersberg Max , Gondar Renato , Schaller Karl , Kwak Brenda R. , Bijlenga Philippe
Published: May 2024

Background

Intracranial aneurysms (IAs) are more common in women than in men; however, there is still limited knowledge on sex‐dependent differences regarding aneurysm location, multiplicity, rupture risk, risk factors, and histopathology.

Methods

This cross‐sectional, consecutive cohort study examined whether IAs differ in multiplicity, location, geometry, rupture risk, risk factors, and histology between sexes.

Results

We included 982 patients (714 women, 268 men) totaling 1484 IAs (1056 unruptured, 397 ruptured). A total of 363 patients (36.97%) had multiple IAs, the proportion of which was significantly higher in women. In women, the internal carotid artery (40.79%) was the most frequent location for IAs, whereas in men most were found along the anterior carotid artery territory (32.86%). Men were significantly more often diagnosed with ruptured aneurysms. Aneurysm geometry did not differ between sexes; however, ruptured aneurysms in men presented with a significantly larger neck diameter than unruptured ones. Regarding risk factors for aneurysm rupture, blood pressure control was more effective in women, whereas the effect of smoking status did not show clear sex‐dependent differences. Histologically, wall‐type classification analysis showed significantly more severe aneurysm wall types in men.

Conclusion

IA prevalence in women is significantly higher than in men. Women more often present with multiple IAs, whereas men were more often diagnosed with ruptured IAs. Sex‐specific differences in IA location were identified, whereas geometry of IAs did not differ between sexes. IAs in men showed a more severe histological wall type. Further research is needed to unravel the molecular mechanisms underlying these important sex‐dependent manifestations in IAs.
Evaluation of an Artificial Intelligence Model for Identification of Intracranial Hemorrhage Subtypes on Computed Tomography of the Head
Authors: Hillis James M. , Bizzo Bernardo C. , Newbury‐Chaet Isabella , Mercaldo Sarah F. , Chin John K. , Ghatak Ankita , Halle Madeleine A. , L'Italien Eric , MacDonald Ashley L. , Schultz Alex S. , Buch Karen , Conklin John , Pomerantz Stuart , Rincon Sandra , Dreyer Keith J. , Mehan William A.
Published: May 2024

Background

Intracranial hemorrhage is a critical finding on computed tomography (CT) of the head. This study compared the accuracy of an artificial intelligence (AI) model (Annalise Enterprise CTB Triage Trauma) to consensus neuroradiologist interpretations in detecting 4 hemorrhage subtypes: acute subdural/epidural hematoma, acute subarachnoid hemorrhage, intra‐axial hemorrhage, and intraventricular hemorrhage.

Methods

A retrospective stand‐alone performance assessment was conducted on data sets of cases of noncontrast CT of the head acquired between 2016 and 2022 at 5 hospitals in the United States for each hemorrhage subtype. The cases were obtained from patients aged ≥18 years. The positive cases were selected on the basis of the original clinical reports using natural language processing and manual confirmation. The negative cases were selected by taking the next negative case acquired from the same CT scanner after positive cases. Each case was interpreted independently by up to 3 neuroradiologists to establish consensus interpretations. Each case was then interpreted by the AI model for the presence of the relevant hemorrhage subtype. The neuroradiologists were provided with the entire CT study. The AI model separately received thin (≤1.5 mm) and thick (>1.5 and ≤5 mm) axial series as available.

Results

The 4 cohorts included 571 cases of acute subdural/epidural hematoma, 310 cases of acute subarachnoid hemorrhage, 926 cases of intra‐axial hemorrhage, and 199 cases of intraventricular hemorrhage. The AI model identified acute subdural/epidural hematoma with area under the curve of 0.973 (95% CI, 0.958–0.984) on thin series and 0.942 (95% CI, 0.921–0.959) on thick series; acute subarachnoid hemorrhage with area under the curve 0.993 (95% CI, 0.984–0.998) on thin series and 0.966 (95% CI, 0.945–0.983) on thick series; intraaxial hemorrhage with area under the curve of 0.969 (95% CI, 0.956–0.980) on thin series and 0.966 (95% CI, 0.953–0.976) on thick series; and intraventricular hemorrhage with area under the curve of 0.987 (95% CI, 0.969–0.997) on thin series and 0.983 (95% CI, 0.968–0.994) on thick series. Each finding had at least 1 operating point with sensitivity and specificity >80%.

Conclusion

The assessed AI model accurately identified intracranial hemorrhage subtypes in this CT data set. Its use could assist the clinical workflow, especially through enabling triage of abnormal CTs.
Tenzing 7 Delivery Catheter Performance Across Tortuosity Indices
Authors: Koneru Manisha , Badger Clint A. , Settecase Fabio , English Joey D. , Kim Jaehyun , Khangura Rajkamal S. , Kim Warren T. , Dmytriw Adam A. , Bhattacharyya Meghna , Khalife Jane , Patel Pratit D. , Thomas Ajith J. , Jovin Tudor G. , Tonetti Daniel A. , Shaikh Hamza A.
Published: May 2024

Background

Early clinical experience with the Tenzing 7 delivery catheter (T7, Route 92 Medical, San Mateo, CA, USA) demonstrates high success rates for intracranial delivery of large bore aspiration catheters. Its soft, flexible, tapered tip mitigates the “ledge effect” that may cause resistance when navigating neurovascular devices through tortuous internal carotid arteries (ICAs) or other arterial branch origin variants. This study aims to characterize T7 performance across ICAs with varying tortuosities.

Methods

A retrospective analysis was performed of prospectively collected data from patients with acute ischemic stroke treated with aspiration thrombectomy using T7 between January 2020 and July 2022 at 3 stroke centers. The ICA tortuosity index (TI) was derived from the ratio of actual to straight length measurements from anterior‐posterior and lateral projections during digital subtraction angiography. T7 success is defined as delivering the aspiration catheter to the face of the occlusion. Regression analysis between TI and T7 success was performed. Correlations were calculated between TI, ICA grading, puncture‐to‐reperfusion time, number of passes, and final modified Treatment in Cerebral Infarction score. Significance was
P

≤
$ \le $

0.05.

Results

Of 107 patients meeting inclusion, median age was 69 (interquartile range 60–81) years, and most occlusions were in the M1 segment (73/107; 68.2%). T7 rate of success was 95.3% (102/107), and there was no association between TI and T7 technical success (
P
 = 0.23). Greater TIs and cavernous ICA tortuosity grades were not correlated with worse intraprocedural outcomes (
P
>0.24).

Conclusion

In our multicenter experience, T7 performed well even in highly tortuous extracranial vasculature. Successful aspiration catheter delivery and intraprocedural performance were consistent irrespective of ICA tortuosity. Our findings support the use of T7 in aspiration endovascular thrombectomy for acute stroke for patients with tortuous extracranial vasculature.
The Court as a Policy Information Discoverer: Evidence from China’s Emerging Industries
Authors: Chen Tianhao , Xu Wei , Zhao Jing
Published: May 2024

This paper delves into the pivotal role that courts play in shaping public policy, particularly in the context of burgeoning industries. It shifts the focus from Constitutional and Supreme Courts to the significant, yet often unnoticed, role of local courts. It proposes that these local courts are uniquely positioned to act as discoverers of vital information for public policy, especially critical in the fast-paced arena of emerging industries where policymakers often lack comprehensive information. This study highlights three key mechanisms used by courts to gather policy-relevant information: collection, scanning, and extraction. These methods help reduce political bias, explore policy boundaries, and propose feasible alternatives. The paper illustrates these processes through six cases from the emerging industry sectors in China, adjudicated by local courts. It emphasizes the necessity for policy practices to take into account the nuanced judicial judgments at the micro level.
Aecubea Regina Cypri ex voto Assisium venit: The Myth of a Queen of Cyprus in Assisi
Authors: Andronikou Anthi
Published: May 2024

Among the legends disseminated by the friars of San Francesco in Assisi was an enduring tale that surfaced at the dawn of the sixteenth century, according to which a thirteenth-century queen of Cyprus was buried inside an exuberant Gothic canopied tomb in the convent’s Lower Church. This study examines the queen’s supposed funerary monument, explores the varying permutations of the legend, reveals the presumed gifts she donated to the friars, and unravels the conundrum surrounding her identity and the position of her tomb. In considering the convent-specific and wider contexts of Italy and Cyprus, the paper deconstructs the myth by uncovering new archival sources and offers fresh insights into the identity and activity of the Cypriot queen in Assisi. More importantly, it argues that the legend distorted historical facts as a means to enhance the connection between the Franciscan Order, the convent, and the Holy Land.
Taxonomic revision of Entomobrya Rondani, 1861 (Collembola: Entomobryidae: Entomobryinae) from the Brazilian Amazon
Authors: VIANA STÉPHANIE DOS SANTOS , MORAIS JOSÉ WELLINGTON DE , CIPOLA NIKOLAS GIOIA
Published: May 2024

Herein, the species of Entomobrya Rondani from the Brazilian Amazon are reviewed. Entomobrya paroara Arlé & Guimarães, E. egleri Arlé & Guimarães and E. uambae Arlé are redescribed with neotypes designated, and their dorsal macrochaetotaxy is revealed for the first time. In addition, six new species are described: E. acreanenis sp. nov., E. albitrigona sp. nov., E. bicyana sp. nov., E. elizeuli sp. nov., E. idenilzae sp. nov. and E. pseudomaculata sp. nov. All these species from the Brazilian Amazon (except E. bicyana sp. nov.) share the prelabral chaetae smooth and bifurcate, an exclusive feature seen only in these taxa within the genus. Furthermore, E. linda Soto-Adames is herein recorded for the first time in Brazil. A new interpretation for the dorsal chaetotaxy of the genus is also provided, which includes for the first time the head postembryonic development for Entomobrya. After our revision, the number of Entomobrya species recorded in Brazil increased from 15 to 22 species, with 17 of them endemic to the country, and the genus is now registered in 18 Brazilian states, including all states which comprise the Amazon biome. Finally, an identification key for the 22 Entomobrya species recorded in Brazil is provided.
A Novel Proposal of an Electro-Optical Sensor to Measure Various Levels of an Electric Field Using Pockels Effect Photonic Crystals
Authors: Chabani Sououdi Boumediene , Dekkiche Leila , Kouddad Elhachemi , Hassani Islam
Published: May 2024

Electro-optic sensors based on the Pockels effect are key components for optical instrumentation due to their speed and accuracy. In this work, we propose a new electro-optic platform using two-dimensional photonic crystals of gallium arsenide and barium titanate (GaAs-BTO). This structure
allows for the measurement of various electric field levels, from 0 kV/mm to 50 kV/mm, with a very high sensitivity and a compact size. The opto-geometric parameters of this sensor were chosen, optimized, and analyzed numerically using the Plane Wave Expansion (PWE) and Finite-Difference Time-Domain
(FDTD) methods.
Enhancing CdSe/ZnS Quantum-Dot Light-Emitting Diode Performance: The Impact of Thermal Treatment Atmospheres on Fabrication Processes
Authors: Lee Jimin , Lee Honyeon
Published: May 2024

We explored the thermal treatment impact on the performance of quantum-dot light-emitting diodes (QLEDs). The QLEDs comprised multiple layers: a 2.2-μm thick epoxy buffer layer; a bottom cathode composed of 12-nm MoOx/10-nm Ag/12-nm MoOx; a 20-nm ZnO
electron transporting layer (ETL); a 10-nm CdSe/ZnS quantum dot light emission layer (EML); a 40-nm 4,4′,4″-Tris(carbazol-9-yl) triphenylamine hole transporting layer; a 10-nm WOx hole injection layer; and a 100-nm Ag top anode. We applied thermal treatments to the cathode,
ETL, and EML separately to assess their effects on the QLEDs. Additionally, we evaluated the impact of the thermal treatment atmosphere. Vacuum thermal treatment on the cathode and EML resulted in minor improvements in QLED performance, whereas treatment of the ETL led to a decline in performance.
In contrast, air thermal treatment on the cathode and EML decreased QLED performance but significantly improved it by 15% in current efficiency when applied to the ETL. The performance differences attributable to the thermal treatment atmosphere are likely due to ligand removal and oxidation
processes, facilitated by thermal energy and oxygen. Our study highlights that air thermal treatment on the ETL substantially improves QLED performance, offering crucial insights into the significance of thermal treatment in QLED development.
Random Vibration Fatigue Life Prediction of Nano-Silver Solder Joint
Authors: Zhan Zhengbang , Zhan Guangping , Yang Hui
Published: May 2024

Nano-silver is a very potential electronic interconnection material. It’s excellent physical and chemical properties, high thermal conductivity and good electrical conductivity make it very suitable for high power electronic devices. In practical engineering, 20% of the failure
of electronic products is caused by vibration load, so it is necessary to study the vibration reliability of interconnected materials. In this paper, the modal and random vibration finite element analysis of nano-silver solder joints were analyzed with workbench software. Predicting random
vibration fatigue life of nano-silver solder joint by Coffin-Manson high cycle fatigue empirical formula, Miner’s linear cumulative damage theory and Steinberg model. The random vibration fatigue life of the nanosilver solder joint is 8342 h. It is found that the vibration reliability
of nano-silver is inferior to Sn3.0Ag0.5Cu and Sn63Pb37 and the diameter of solder joints and PCB thickness are proportional to the vibration fatigue life, and the PCB thickness has a greater effect on the vibration life than the solder joint diameter. Solder joint height
and pad thickness are inversely proportional to vibration fatigue life, and pad thickness has little effect on vibration fatigue life.
Reflections of female and male patriotism in photographs: Analysis of First World War photographs of a Jewish family from Rome
Authors: Barromi-Perlman Edna
Published: May 2024

This article presents the case of Carlo Baroccio, an Italian Jewish banker from Rome who enrolled in the Italian army during the First World War. He appears photographed in a private family album in uniform at home, with friends, on trips, and with his family. Carlo’s family is a case study example of a family of Roman Jews after the opening of the ghetto in 1870. The study explores the role of photography in the display of enthusiasm and involvement of this community in the First World War through the analysis of Carlo's private photographs. It examines how patriotism manifested in this soldier's private sphere and in his private photo album, and how it was expressed through his wife's supporting, patriotic gaze while constructing the album. The study will present the background on the status of Jewish women after emancipation and during the First World War. The contextual background of these photographs is examined, and the photos are explored using visual semiotic tools.
Job Creation and Job Destruction in Indian Manufacturing
Authors: Goswami Diti , Paul Sourabh B.
Published: May 2024

The reallocation of jobs is crucial in determining the movement of workers, the unemployment rate, the wage dynamics, the life cycle of firms and industries and the aggregate productivity growth. This article analyses job reallocation in terms of simultaneous establishment-level job creation and job destruction in Indian organised manufacturing. The study employs longitudinal data from the Annual Survey of Industries (ASI) from 2004–2005 to 2014–2015 and the methodology stated in Davis and Haltiwanger (1992) to analyse job reallocation. During the expansionary periods, job creation and job destruction were rising, while during the contractionary period from 2008 to 2009 onwards, job creation declined, whereas job destruction was constant. The reallocations of jobs varied substantially across the narrow heterogeneous sectors defined by observable plant characteristics. The rate of these simultaneous job creation and destruction processes is high for many establishments and accounts for a significant portion of worker reallocation. However, the consistency of these newly created and destroyed jobs is low. Theories like ‘passive learning’ and ‘between-sector employment shifts’ partially explain this phenomenon of high job reallocation. The study provides useful policy insights to improve manufacturing employment during the process of frequent job creation and destruction, especially in a developing economy.

JEL Codes: J01, J23, J21, J40, F63
Factors influencing access to psychiatric care among persons with psychosis living in a rural community in south India
Authors: Reddy Shanivaram K , Thirthalli Jagadisha , Naveen Kumar Channaveerachari , Manjunatha Narayana , Rawat Vikram Singh , Gangadhar Bengalore Nanjundayya
Published: May 2024

Background:

A substantial proportion of persons with psychosis (PWP) remain untreated in the community across the world. Factors that preclude them from accessing psychiatric treatment are poorly studied. In this study, we explored the factors that prevented persons with schizophrenia and their caregivers from accessing psychiatric treatment using an interview schedule specifically developed for this purpose.

Methods:

We identified individuals with schizophrenia and related disorders who had never accessed psychiatric treatment. We interviewed 67 such individuals and their family members using a validated tool, the Schedule of Factors Influencing Access to Treatment (SOFIAc) and analysed the data using descriptive statistics.

Results:

The M ( SD) number of factors reported to preclude individuals with psychosis and families from seeking psychiatric treatment was 10 (3.32). No PWP/family reported any single factor as the sole reason for not accessing treatment. Distance to the nearest psychiatric centre (97%), PWP’s/family members’ knowledge and attitude towards symptoms of psychosis and treatment (92.5%), financial problems (91%), lack of insight and active resistance to efforts towards treatment (86.6%), lack of support from the family (83.6%) and family issues and dynamics (79.1%) were reported to be the commonest factors that precluded them from accessing psychiatric treatment.

Conclusions:

The reason for individuals with psychosis and their family members not accessing psychiatric treatment was invariably multifactorial, involving, on average, 10 factors. Programmes that target the reduction of the treatment gap should be cognizant of the multifactorial nature of the challenge of reaching psychiatric treatment for persons with psychoses.
Localization of solar panel cleaning robot combining vision processing and extended Kalman filter
Authors: Kim Joon Hee , Lee Sang Hun , Kim Jin Gahk , Jang Woo Jin , Kim Dong Hwan
Published: May 2024

In this study, we introduce a method for estimating the position of a self-driving solar panel-cleaning mobile robot. This estimation relies on line counts, typically 16 cm in panel width, obtained through image processing on the panel floor, along with wheel encoder information and inertial sensor data. To achieve accurate line counts, we introduce two adjusted threshold values and allow offsets in these values based on the robot's speed. Additionally, inertial measurement unit (IMU) signals assist in determining whether a line is horizontal or vertical, depending on the robot's movement direction on the panel, utilizing the robot's heading angle and detected line angle. When the robot is positioned between lines on the panel, more precise location estimation is necessary beyond simple line counts. To tackle this challenge, we integrate the extended Kalman filter with IMU data and encoder information, significantly enhancing position estimation. This integration achieves an RMSE accuracy value of up to 0.089 m, notably at a relatively high speed of 100 mm/s. This margin of error is almost half that of the vision-based line-counting method.
Mitigating animal methods bias to reduce animal use and improve biomedical translation
Authors: Kavanagh Owen , Krebs Catharine E.
Published: May 2024

Nonanimal biomedical research methods have advanced rapidly over the last decade making them the first-choice model for many researchers due to improved translatability and avoidance of ethical concerns. Yet confidence in novel nonanimal methods is still being established and they remain a small portion of nonclinical biomedical research, which can lead peer reviewers to evaluate animal-free studies or grant proposals in a biased manner. This “animal methods bias” is the preference for animal-based research methods where they are not necessary or where nonanimal-based methods are suitable. It affects the fair consideration of animal-free biomedical research, hampering the uptake and dissemination of these approaches by putting pressure on researchers to conduct animal experiments and potentially perpetuating the use of poorly translatable model systems. An international team of researchers and advocates called the Coalition to Illuminate and Address Animal Methods Bias (COLAAB) aims to provide concrete evidence of the existence and consequences of this bias and to develop and implement solutions towards overcoming it. The COLAAB recently developed the first of several mitigation tools: the Author Guide for Addressing Animal Methods Bias in Publishing, which is described herein along with broader implications and future directions of this work.
Psychometric Validation of the Translated and Adapted Bengali Version of the HLS-EU-Q16/Q6 for Adults
Authors: Mousum Sabrina , Salwa Marium , Fatema Khandakar , Haque Md Atiqul
Published: May 2024

Health Literacy (HL) emerges as a critical tool in addressing the escalating burden of noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) and their associated costs. Particularly in Bangladesh, where the inadequacy of HL presents multifaceted challenges, there is an urgent need to address this issue. This study aimed to translate and evaluate the Bengali versions of the European Health Literacy Questionnaire with 16 items (HLS-EU Q16) and its shorter 6-item version (HLS-EU Q6), as there is currently no validated Bengali tool for assessing HL. This article used a subset of data from a Bangladeshi national survey of Primary Healthcare (PHC) facilities. The study included adults seeking Non-Communicable Disease (NCD) services at PHCs. Validity and reliability testing succeeded in a detailed back-to-back translation. The statistics covered were descriptive, Cronbach’s internal consistency, confirmatory factor analysis, and the chi-square test. Following the translation and preliminary testing, minor rephrasing and the insertion of Item-Relevant Stimulus Material were performed to ensure cultural equivalency. The Confirmatory Factor Analysis produced a 3-factor structure for the HLS-EU-Q16 that included a second-order general component, confirming the viability of using an HL total score. A 3-factor model based on a priori was determined to be suitable for the factor structure of the HLS-EU-Q6. The model fit indices (Chi-square/df, TLI, AGFI, CFI, GFI, SRMR, RMSEA, and PCLOSE) supported CFA models of both scales. The internal consistency of the translated and adapted instruments was α = .934 and .857, respectively. This study showed that the Bengali version of the HLS-EU-Q16 and HLS-EU-Q6 are psychometrically sound, have clear factor structures, and are equivalent to the original models. However, the HLS-EU_Q16 is recommended over the shorter version considering its better psychometric properties.
Do leaders really matter? The failure of ambitions in Turkish foreign policy
Authors: Ülgül Murat
Published: May 2024

The field of international relations is recently witnessing an inflation of attention toward political leaders and personalities. Yet, while political leaders mattered to understand foreign policy behaviors, the question is how much they do and under what conditions. This article argues that how leaders and personalities affect foreign policy is up to the variables that can be analyzed at the state and international levels. To illustrate this argument, I use the example of two strong, influential, and revisionist Turkish leaders: Turgut Özal and Recep Tayyip Erdoğan. The results point out that the main determinative on Turkish foreign policy on these leaders’ period is not their personality as argued. Instead, the main variables we should analyze are the presence domestic and international constraints such as dominant foreign policy actors, economic capacity, political polarization, and international conjunctures.
Moving Beyond Depression: Mood Symptoms Across the Spectrum Relate to Tau Pathology in Older Women at Risk for Alzheimer's Disease
Authors: Ahmadi Nargis , Dratva Melanie A , Heyworth Nadine , Wang Xin , Blennow Kaj , Banks Sarah J. , Sudermann Erin E.
Published: May 2024

We examined how symptoms across the mood spectrum relate to Alzheimer's disease (AD) biomarkers in older women at high risk for AD. Participants included 25 women aged 65+ with mild cognitive deficits and elevated AD genetic risk. The Profile of Mood States Questionnaire measured mood symptoms and a total mood disturbance (TMD) score. Tau burden in the meta-temporal region of interest was measured using MK-6240 Tau positron emission tomography (PET) imaging. A subset ( n = 12) also had p-Tau181, and Aß40/42 levels measured in plasma. Higher TMD scores related to higher tau PET standardized uptake value ratio (SUVR). Greater negative mood symptoms correlated with higher tau PET SUVR, while greater vigor correlated with lower SUVR. Similar results were seen with plasma p-Tau181 levels, but not with Aβ40/42 levels. In conclusion, positive and negative mood symptoms related to tau pathology in older women at high risk for AD, highlighting a role of mental well-being in AD risk.
A Case of Unilateral Simultaneous Preauricular Sinus and Postauricular Sinus in an Adult
Authors: Ko So Young , Mitchell Ron Benson , Lee Kenneth H. , Cho Hyun Sang
Published: May 2024

Preauricular sinuses are relatively common congenital anomalies of the soft tissues of the ear. By strict definition, when they connect 2 separate spaces, they are referred to as a preauricular fistula. This clinical entity was first described by Heusinger in 1864. Most preauricular sinuses have a small opening located anterior to the root of the helix. In rare cases, they are found posterior to the tragus, near the crus of the helix, and the ear lobule. The latter is the variant type preauricular sinus, also referred to as the “postauricular sinus,” as the sinus tract opens posterior to the auricle. Recurrent infections or persistent discharge may require surgical excision which is ideally performed at a time when there is no inflammation. There are a variety of techniques for excision. Regardless of the surgical approach taken, it is of critical importance to remove the subcutaneous sac completely. We present a very rare case involving the co-occurrence of a preauricular sinus and postauricular sinus in a 33-year-old woman. We report this case with a review of the literature.
Retheorizing the Cultural Politics of Sport After a Decade of Activism, Populism, and Polarization
Authors: Hartmann Douglas
Published: May 2024

This article details three developments of the last decade that have had significant effects on the cultural status and sociopolitical functioning of sport in the United States: (1) an unprecedented wave of sport-based protest and athlete activism; (2) new norms and conventions in the sporting establishment for dealing with athletic protest and social issues, especially with respect to media coverage and commentary; and (3) recent Right-wing ethnonationalist engagements with sport, including targeted criticism of both activist athletes and sport as well as populist mobilizations around sport. I summarize these developments and argue that they have made social issues in, and the symbolic significance of, sport more explicit, contested, and polarized than in earlier eras. This new era of contestation and polarization, in turn, has destabilized longstanding cultural norms and ideals about sport and its relationship to politics and social change. While questions remain about how lasting these changes will be, I suggest these new conditions and the cultural politics that come with them call for a reinvigorated critical, dramaturgical theory of sport—one which sees sport as a site of ongoing social struggle that has public meaning and symbolic significance well beyond the boundaries of sport itself.
Crack initiation and propagation in Ti-6Al-4V-0.55Fe alloy subjected to the low-cycle dwell-fatigue
Authors: Du Hui , Liu Baofei , Deng Qinghua , Ren Wanli , Li Feng , Feng Liang , Chang Hui , Ding Jie
Published: May 2024

This paper investigated the crack initiation and propagation behaviour of Ti-6Al-4V-0.55Fe alloy under the low-cycle dwell-fatigue. It found that cracks were preferred to initiate at the α/β-phase boundaries, the α/α-phase boundaries, and the twinning boundaries within the α-phase. Twinning played a key role in the crack initiation, for the reason that it changed the phase orientation on its sides. Besides, grain orientation was another important factor in the crack nucleation. The soft/hard grain boundaries may become the crack nucleation sites due to the dislocation pile-up. In addition, as the dwell time increased, the fraction of the high Schmid factor of prismatic slip was increasing, which resulted in more cracks. Furthermore, the fracture mode of the alloy was intergranular fracture with microporous aggregation.
Tungsten inert gas-assisted surface modification of 1045 steel with SiC particles
Authors: Koushkbaghi Mehdi , Hajian Mostafa , Jabbareh Mohammad Amin , Jamali Mahsa
Published: May 2024

AISI 1045 steel is a medium-carbon steel with good strength, hardness, machinability, and weldability. However, it has poor wear and corrosion resistance. This study is an attempt to investigate the feasibility of creating a hard and wear-resistant composite layer on the surface of AISI 1045 steel using SiC particles through the tungsten inert gas (TIG) welding. The SiC powder was mixed with sodium silicate glue and polyvinyl alcohol and then applied to the samples using the TIG welding process. The welding voltage was kept constant at 15 V, and the welding current and welding speed were varied from 85 to 95 A and ∼ 0.5 to 1.8 mm/s, respectively. The powder percentage varied between 10 and 30 wt. %. The microstructural evolutions were studied using an optical microscope, a field emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM) equipped with an energy-dispersive spectroscope (EDS), and X-ray diffraction (XRD). It was observed that the microstructure of the surface-modified samples consisted of a dendritic Fe–Si matrix with carbon masses remaining from the partial dissolution of SiC particles. The effect of heat input on the microstructure was also investigated. The hardness of the surface-modified samples increased by about eight times compared to the base metal, and their wear resistance was notably improved. The results of the electrochemical corrosion tests showed an overall improvement in the corrosion resistance of the coated samples compared to the base metal.
Portrayal of immigrants and refugees in textbooks worldwide, 1963–2011
Authors: Choi Minju , Lerch Julia C
Published: May 2024

Sociologists have long studied the educational incorporation of immigrants and refugees, but most scholarship focuses on questions of access, achievement, attainment, and acculturation. We extend this literature by examining the incorporation of immigrants and refugees in the cultural content of schooling, drawing on a unique dataset spanning 509 textbooks from 80 countries, representing all regions of the world from 1963 to 2011. Our descriptive and multilevel regression analyses reveal a mixed picture. On one hand, textbook discussions of immigrants and refugees have expanded over time and are especially pervasive in textbooks that invoke post-national conceptions of citizenship and in countries that host large foreign-born populations. But we also document stagnating discussions of immigrants and refugees in recent decades, a casting of these groups as part of the historical past more than contemporary civics and society, and a tendency toward their curricular omission in countries with a recent history of war.