bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Early Postoperative Measures Predict 1- and 2-Year Outcomes After Unilateral Total Knee Arthroplasty: Importance of Contralateral Limb Strength
Authors: Zeni Joseph A. , Snyder-Mackler Lynn
Published: December 2009

Background

Total knee arthroplasty (TKA) has been shown to be an effective surgical intervention for people with end-stage knee osteoarthritis. However, recovery of function is variable, and not all people have successful outcomes.

Objective

The aim of this study was to discern which early postoperative functional measures could predict functional ability at 1 year and 2 years after surgery.

Design and Methods

One hundred fifty-five people who underwent unilateral TKA participated in the prospective longitudinal study. Functional evaluations were performed at the initial outpatient physical therapy appointment and at 1 and 2 years after surgery. Evaluations consisted of measurements of height, weight, quadriceps muscle strength (force-generating capacity), and knee range of motion; the Timed “Up & Go” Test (TUG); the stair-climbing task (SCT); and the Knee Outcome Survey (KOS) questionnaire. The ability to predict 1- and 2-year outcomes on the basis of early postoperative measures was analyzed with a hierarchical regression. Differences in functional scores were evaluated with a repeated-measures analysis of variance.

Results

The TUG, SCT, and KOS scores at 1 and 2 years showed significant improvements over the scores at the initial evaluation (P<.001). A weaker quadriceps muscle in the limb that did not undergo surgery (“nonoperated limb”) was related to poorer 1- and 2-year outcomes even after the influence of the other early postoperative measures was accounted for in the regression. Older participants with higher body masses also had poorer outcomes at 1 and 2 years. Postoperative measures were better predictors of TUG and SCT times than of KOS scores.

Conclusions

Rehabilitation regimens after TKA should include exercises to improve the strength of the nonoperated limb as well as to treat the deficits imposed by the surgery. Emphasis on treating age-related impairments and reducing body mass also might improve long-term outcomes.
Risk factors for asphyxia associated with substandard care during labor
Authors: BERGLUND SOPHIE , GRUNEWALD CHARLOTTA , PETTERSSON HANS , CNATTINGIUS SVEN
Published: December 2009

Objective. To identify maternal, pregnancy, delivery and infants characteristics related to neonatal asphyxia and associated with substandard care. Design and setting. A nation‐wide case‐control study in Sweden. Population. Infants born between 1990 and 2005 with a gestational age ≥ 33 weeks and a spontaneous or induced onset of labor. Methods. Cases were 177 previously identified infants suffering from encephalopathy caused by asphyxia where there was suspected substandard care during labor, and where claims for financial compensation were filed. Controls were identified from the population‐based Swedish Medical Birth Register, had an Apgar score of 10 at five minutes, and were alive at 28 days of age. Main outcome measures. Severe asphyxia associated with substandard care during childbirth. Results. Maternal and delivery factors associated with asphyxia included maternal age ≥ 30 years, short maternal stature (≤159 cm), previous cesarean delivery, insulin‐dependent diabetes before pregnancy and gestational diabetes, induced deliveries and delivery at night, with adjusted odds ratios (ORs) ranging from a two‐ to fourfold increase in risk. Compared with non‐dystocic deliveries, the OR for dystocic deliveries was fivefold higher, and was further increased if epidural anesthesia or opioids were used. Small‐ and large‐for‐gestational age infants, post‐term (≥42 weeks) births, twins and breech deliveries had a three‐ to eightfold increase in risk of asphyxia when there was substandard care during labor. Conclusion. Dystocia of labor, especially if epidurals and/or opioids are used, is the strongest risk factor associated with substandard care causing severe asphyxia during labor.
Phosphorylated insulin‐like growth factor binding protein‐1 and cervical measurement in women with threatening preterm birth
Authors: BRIK MAIA , HERNÁNDEZ ANA ISABEL MARTÍNEZ , PEDRAZ CRISTINA CASANOVA , PERALES ALFREDO
Published: December 2009

Objective.To assess the efficacy of the cervical phosphorylated insulin‐like growth factor binding protein‐1 (pIGFBP‐1) in combination with cervical length measurement for the prediction of preterm delivery.Design.Observational prospective study.Setting.University Hospital, Spain.Sample.A total of 276 women between 24 and 34 weeks gestational age complaining of uterine contractions and intact membranes.Methods.Transvaginal scan to assess cervical length and cervical swabs for pIGFBP‐1 detection.Main outcome measures.Prevalence of preterm delivery within 48 hours and 7 days, delivery at < 32, < 34 weeks, admission‐to‐delivery interval by cervical length and the presence of pIGFBP‐1.Results.The prevalence of preterm delivery at < 34 weeks was 14.1% (39/276) and 7.6% (21/276) at < 32 weeks. Cervical pIGFBP‐1 was positive in 38.7% (107/276), whereas cervical length < 15 mm was present in 7.2% (20/276) and was > 30 mm for 64.8% (179/276) of the women. The presence of a positive pIGFBP‐1 appeared useful for prediction of delivery before 32 (likelihood ratio (LR) = 2.21, confidence interval (CI): 1.63–3.00) and 34 weeks (LR = 1.76, CI: 1.25–2.41), respectively. Receiver operating characteristic curves were significant for cervical length and pIGFBP‐1 for prediction of delivery at < 34 weeks, < 32 weeks, < 48 hours and < 7 days. Combining pIGFBP‐1 and cervical length had a median interval that was shorter when both were positive as compared to only one positive or both negative, but the CIs overlapped.Conclusions.Both cervical length measurement and pIGFBP‐1 are useful for prediction of spontaneous preterm delivery. A pIGFBP‐1 positive result associated with cervical length does not improve preterm delivery prediction rates.
Neutrophil gelatinase‐associated lipocalin serum evaluation through normal pregnancy and in pregnancies complicated by preeclampsia
Authors: D'ANNA ROSARIO , BAVIERA GIOVANNI , GIORDANO DOMENICO , TODARELLO GIOVANNA , RUSSO SILVIA , RECUPERO STEFANIA , BOLIGNANO DAVIDE , CORRADO FRANCESCO
Published: December 2009

Neutrophil gelatinase‐associated lipocalin (NGAL) was evaluated prospectively through normal pregnancy and pregnancies complicated by preeclampsia syndrome. Sixty women enrolled in the study were evaluated for serum NGAL levels at 9–11 weeks gestation, at 24–26 weeks gestation and at delivery. Thirty women were affected by preeclampsia and 30 women with uncomplicated pregnancies formed the control group. NGAL serum concentrations in the preeclampsia group were higher compared to the control group, with significant differences in each trimester. In the first trimester, the median values were: 29.9 ng/mL [interquartile range (IQR) 24.1–50.1] versus 13.6 ng/mL (IQR 9.1–19.9; p < 0.001); in the second trimester: 59.6 ng/mL (IQR 25.3–82.6) versus 16.3 ng/mL (IQR 11.3–23.3; p < 0.001); and in the third trimester: 57.2 ng/mL (IQR 18.7–70.9) versus 15.8 ng/mL (IQR 9.1–22.5; p < 0.001). NGAL serum values were positively correlated with systolic and diastolic blood pressure and with proteinuria.
A pilot study of fat allograft transplantation in immunocompetent rabbits for potential neurosurgical applications
Authors: Kuo John S. , Hawkins Cynthia , Rutka James T. , Weiss Martin H.
Published: December 2009

Object

The authors investigated the feasibility of using fat allografts (chemically treated to reduce the host immune response) for neurosurgical applications.

Methods

Subcutaneous fat specimens collected from New Zealand White rabbits were treated with DNAse I and sodium deoxycholate to reduce immunogenicity before subcutaneous, midscapular implantation in immunocompetent recipient rabbits. Allograft incorporation and the host-allograft response were examined at 1, 6, and 11 weeks by histopathological analysis. Control specimens of autograft and untreated fat allograft implants were examined for comparison.

Results

The host immune response was markedly reduced in the region around the chemically treated fat allografts when compared with untreated allografts, and was similar to the tolerant host response to autografts.

Conclusions

Based on their results, the authors suggest that fat allografts processed for reduced immunogenicity may be a convenient, viable alternative for neurosurgical applications.
Interdisciplinary treatment of ruptured cerebral aneurysms in elderly patients
Authors: Proust François , Gérardin Emmanuel , Derrey Stéphane , Lesvèque Sophie , Ramos Sylvio , Langlois Olivier , Tollard Eléonore , Bénichou Jacques , Chassagne Philippe , Clavier Erick , Fréger Pierre
Published: December 2009

Object

The aim of the study was to assess postprocedural neurological deterioration and outcome in patients older than 70 years of age in whom treatment was managed in an interdisciplinary context.

Methods

This prospective longitudinal study included all patients 70 years of age or older treated for ruptured cerebral aneurysm over 10 years (June 1997–June 2007). The population was composed of 64 patients. The neurovascular interdisciplinary team jointly discussed the early obliteration procedure for each aneurysm. Neurological deterioration during the postprocedural 2 months and outcome at 6 months were assessed during consultation according to the modified Rankin Scale (mRS) as follows: favorable (mRS score ≤ 2) and unfavorable (mRS score > 2).

Results

Aneurysm sac obliteration was performed by microvascular clipping in 34 patients (53.1%) and by endovascular coiling in 30 (46.9%). Postprocedural neurological deterioration occurred in 30 patients (46.9%), related to ischemia in 19 (29.7%), rebleeding in 1 (1.6%), and hydrocephalus in 10 (15.6%). At 6 months, the outcome was favorable in 39 patients (60.9%). By multivariate regression logistic analysis, the independent factors associated with unfavorable outcome were age exceeding 75 years (p = 0.005), poor initial grade (p < 0.0001), and the occurrence of ischemia (p < 0.0001).

Conclusions

The baseline characteristics of SAH in the elderly were only slightly different from those in younger patients. In the elderly, the interdisciplinary approach may be considered useful to decrease the ischemic consequences.
Protection against focal ischemic injury to the brain by trans-sodium crocetinate
Authors: Manabe Hiroaki , Okonkwo David O. , Gainer John L. , Clarke Ryon H. , Lee Kevin S.
Published: December 2009

Object

Ischemic injury is a potential complication in a variety of surgical procedures and is a particular impediment to the success of surgeries involving highly vulnerable neural tissue. One approach to limiting this form of injury is to enhance metabolic supply to the affected tissue. Trans-sodium crocetinate (TSC) is a carotenoid compound that has been shown to increase tissue oxygenation by facilitating the diffusivity of small molecules, such as oxygen and glucose. The present study examined the ability of TSC to modify oxygenation in ischemic neural tissue and tested the potential neuroprotective effects of TSC in permanent and temporary models of focal cerebral ischemia.

Methods

Adult male rats (330–370 g) were subjected to either permanent or temporary focal ischemia by simultaneous occlusion of both common carotid arteries and the left middle cerebral artery (3-vessel occlusion [3-VO]). Using the permanent ischemia paradigm, TSC was administered intravenously beginning 10 minutes after the onset of ischemia at 1 of 8 dosages, ranging from 0.023 to 4.580 mg/kg. Cerebral infarct volume was measured 24 hours after the onset of ischemia. The effect of TSC on infarct volume was also tested after temporary (2-hour) ischemia using a dosage of 0.092 mg/kg. In other animals undergoing temporary ischemia, tissue oxygenation was monitored in the ischemic penumbra using a Licox probe.

Results

Administration of TSC reduced infarct volume in a dose-dependent manner in the permanent ischemia model, achieving statistical significance at dosages ranging from 0.046 to 0.229 mg/kg. The most effective dosage of TSC in the permanent ischemia experiment (0.092 mg/kg) was further tested using a temporary (2-hour) ischemia paradigm. Infarct volume was reduced significantly by TSC in this ischemia-reperfusion model as well. Recordings of oxygen levels in the ischemic penumbra of the temporary ischemia model showed that TSC increased tissue oxygenation during vascular occlusion, but reduced the oxygen overshoot (hyperoxygenation) that occurs upon reperfusion.

Conclusions

The novel carotenoid compound TSC exerts a neuroprotective influence against permanent and temporary ischemic injury when administered soon after the onset of ischemia. The protective mechanism of TSC remains to be confirmed; however, the permissive effect of TSC on the diffusivity of small molecules is a plausible mechanism based on the observed increase in tissue oxygenation in the ischemic penumbra. This represents a form of protection based on “metabolic reflow” that can occur under conditions of partial vascular perfusion. It is particularly noteworthy that TSC could conceivably limit the progression of a wide variety of cellular injury mechanisms by blunting the ischemic challenge to the brain.
Fluid-fluid level in pituitary tumors: analysis of management of 106 cases
Authors: Goel Atul , Shah Abhidha , Jhawar Sukhdeep Singh , Goel Naina K.
Published: December 2009

Object

The management issues of 106 cases of pituitary tumors with a fluid level within the fluid content of the cystic part of the tumor (a “fluid-fluid” level) were reviewed.

Methods

Between 2000 and March 2009, 1660 pituitary tumors were treated neurosurgically at K.E.M. Hospital. Investigations of 106 of these cases revealed a fluid-fluid level within the tumor. All patients underwent surgery via a transsphenoidal route. The mean follow-up duration was 46 months.

Results

The tumors varied in size: 31 were between 1 and 3 cm, and 75 were larger than 3 cm in maximum dimension (mean maximum dimension 3.4 cm). Fifty-two tumors had 1 fluid level, 11 had 2, and 43 had multiple fluid levels (≥ 3). The onset of symptoms was acute in 8 cases and insidious in 98 cases. In 16 cases, there was evidence of acute exacerbation of symptoms during the course of symptom progression. The symptoms were progressive in all cases. Ninety-seven percent of patients had visual deficits at the time of presentation. The solid portion of the tumor was relatively friable and vascular in most cases, and the fluid varied in color and in consistency, from a thin yellow to dark red liquid. Visual outcome was extremely gratifying in the majority of cases; of those presenting with visual dysfunction, 94% reported visual recovery in the immediate postoperative period. During the follow-up period, there was tumor recurrence in 21 cases; in 12 of these cases, the authors documented a fluid-fluid level. The histological features did not indicate malignancy in any case.

Conclusions

A fluid level within a fluid cavity in pituitary tumors is rarely reported but is not uncommon in large/giant tumors. The presence of such a feature suggests that surgery in these cases can be relatively straightforward despite the lesion's large size, and the visual outcome is gratifying. However, recurrence rates are relatively higher in such cases than in other pituitary tumors.
Cardiac arrest after intracisternal papaverine instillation during intracranial aneurysm surgery
Authors: Baltaci Bulent , Basar Hulya , Ozcan Ayse , Gulhan Yusuf , Aytunur Cihan Sedat
Published: December 2009

Cerebral vasospasm induced by aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage is still a leading cause of morbidity and death. This 50-year-old man underwent surgery for aneurysm clipping. After the aneurysm was clipped, papaverine was instilled into the surgical area. Bradycardia, hypotension, and sinus arrest developed in the first minute after applying the papaverine. Thus, the authors concluded that the application of papaverine to the surgical area can result in fatal bradycardia and hypotension.
Soluble CD70: a novel immunotherapeutic agent for experimental glioblastoma
Authors: Miller James , Eisele Guenter , Tabatabai Ghazaleh , Aulwurm Steffen , von Kürthy Gabriele , Stitz Lothar , Roth Patrick , Weller Michael
Published: December 2009

Object

Given the overall poor outcome with current treatment strategies in malignant gliomas, immunotherapy has been considered a promising experimental approach to glioblastoma for more than 2 decades. A cell surface molecule, CD70, may induce potent antitumor immune responses via activation of the costimulatory receptor CD27 expressed on immune effector cells. There is evidence that a soluble form of CD70 (sCD70) may exhibit biological activity, too. A soluble costimulatory ligand is attractive because it may facilitate immune activation and may achieve a superior tissue distribution.

Methods

To test the antiglioma effect of sCD70, the authors genetically modified SMA-560 mouse glioma cells to secrete the extracellular domain of CD70. They assessed the immunogenicity of the transfected cells in cocultures with immune effector cells by the determination of immune cell proliferation and the release of interferon-γ. Syngeneic VM/Dk mice were implanted orthotopically with control or sCD70-releasing glioma cells to determine a survival benefit mediated by sCD70. Depletion studies were performed to identify the cellular mediators of prolonged survival of sCD70-releasing glioma-bearing mice.

Results

The authors found that ectopic expression of sCD70 enhanced the proliferation and interferon-γ release of syngeneic splenocytes in vitro. More importantly, sCD70 prolonged the survival of syngeneic VM/Dk mice bearing intracranial SMA-560 gliomas. The survival rate at 60 days increased from 5 to 45%. Antibody-mediated depletion of CD8-positive T cells abrogates the survival advantage conferred by sCD70.

Conclusions

These data suggest that sCD70 is a potent stimulator of antiglioma immune responses that depend critically on CD8-positive T cells. Soluble CD70 could be a powerful adjuvant for future immunotherapy trials for glioblastoma.
Human Genome Mapping: A Step Forward in Understanding the Languages of Heredity
Authors: Salam Md Abdus
Published: December 2009

doi: 10.3329/taj.v15i2.3905TAJ December 2002; Vol.15(2)
Helicobacter pylori and Gastric Metaplasia: Their Status after Eradication Therapy
Authors: Hussain Maleeha , Mashud Mian Ahmad , Khatun Hazera , Al Nasir Tareak
Published: December 2009

This study was carried out with an aim to investigate the relationship between gastricmetaplasia with H. pylori and the effect of eradication therapy. A total of 210 patients withhistory of dyspepsia were included in the study of which 50 were enrolled in the eradicationtherapy. After the eradication therapy 35 patients came for follow-up endoscopy. Pairedendoscopic biopsies were taken from antrum and duodenal ulcer margin and were examined forH. pylori and for duodenitis and gastric metaplasia. Gastric metaplasia was significantlyassociated with H. pylori. After eradication H. pylori showed further extension of gastricmetaplasia. It can be recommended that these patients can be further followed up to see thecourse of gastric metaplasia and what impact it has on ulcer recurrence and re-infection.doi: 10.3329/taj.v15i2.3908TAJ December 2002; Vol.15(2):59-63
Bone Mineral Density Measurement in Menopausal Women Presenting with Low Back Pain: A Prospective Study
Authors: Ansari Selim M , Begum T , Siddique AB
Published: December 2009

Bone mineral densitometry was done in 107 women in their post-menopausal period using Dualenergy X-ray absorptiometry method. All the patients were presented with low back pain.Quantification of bone mineral density was done in proximal femur and lumber spines of all thepatients. Sixty-eight patients showed normal bone mineral density in our study. Rest 39 patientsshowed declination of bone mineral density from mild osteopenia to severe osteoporosis. Weconclude that Dual energy X-ray absorptiometry bone mineral measurement is an unique, noninvasivemethod of detecting bone mass disorder in post-menopausal women with low backpain and should be the first choice of investigation.doi: 10.3329/taj.v15i2.3909TAJ December 2002; Vol.15(2):64-67
Intrasynovial Injection of Methylprednisolone Acetate in the Treatment of Adhesive Capsulitis of Shoulder: A Retrospective Study
Authors: Dam Bipul Kumar
Published: December 2009

This study was done in the Out Patient Department of Rajshahi Medical College Hospital. Onehundred and sixty two patients of different age group and sex, treated by intrasynovial injectionof methylprednisolone acetate were followed up as out patients and were included in the study.Apart from few side effects almost all patients showed good response in respect to pain andjoint movement with intrasynovial injection. Out of 21 mild diabetic patients, only 3 patientsshowed a high level of blood glucose and out of 17 mild hypertensive patients, only 4 patientsshowed increase in blood pressure. Twelve patients complained of mild face and ankle oedemathat gradually subsided after cessation of the treatment. Almost all the patients in this studygroup were previously treated outside by various types of non-steroidal anti-inflammatorydrugs.doi: 10.3329/taj.v15i2.3911TAJ December 2002; Vol.15(2): 71-73
Clinical Evalution of the Results of Jewett Nail Plate Fixation for Trochanteric Fracture
Authors: Dam Bipul Kumar
Published: December 2009

This study was carried out on 53 patients admitted in the Department of Orthopaedics,Rajshahi Medical College who were admitted with trochanteric fractures and were operated.Among them, 37 (69.81%) patients had their fracture due to fall on the ground during walkingand 16 (30.19%) sustained injury due to road traffic accident. Regarding type of fracture 30(56.60%) had stable fracture and 23 (45.40) had unstable fracture.doi: 10.3329/taj.v15i2.3913TAJ December 2002; Vol.15(2): 78-80
Study on the Management of Open Tibia-fibula Fracture in Rehabilitation Institute and Hospital for the Disabled (RIHD), Dhaka, Bangladesh
Authors: Islam Md Nazrul , Islam Md Serajul , Hasan Suzon Al
Published: December 2009

This study was performed in the Rehabilitation Institute and Hospital for the Disabled (RIHD),Dhaka, Bangladesh from July 1992 to Dec. 1992. Total emergency operations during these sixmonths were 1906. Out of these, 230 cases were open fractures of tibia-fibula, which is 13% ofthe total. 57% of the victims were in the age group of 15-44 years. 85% were male. Eighty fivepercent of fractures were caused by road traffic accidents. Methods of treatment were 7 types.78% fractures were treated by sufficient irrigation debridement and immobilized by long leg castwith making window, most of them falls in type 1 and type 2. In type 3 fractures, after sufficientirrigation and debridement, primary fixation gives the best result for better preservation offunction. Average duration of hospital stay is also shown In the paper.doi: 10.3329/taj.v15i2.3915TAJ December 2002; Vol.15(2): 84-86
Non Traumatic Painful Stiff shoulder in a Child: Outcome of Physical Management
Authors: Hasan Suzon Al , Jafor MA , Salauddin AKM , Islam MT , Ahmed SMS , Islam MN
Published: December 2009

Non-traumatic painful stiff shoulder is uncommon in children. It causes morbidity in which awide range of activity is curtailed. Patients are getting usual treatment, like other diseaseswithout necessary advice for physical therapy. Proper management along with physical therapywill reduce the morbidity. Uncommon presentation of stiff shoulder and its management byphysical therapy leads us to report the case.doi: 10.3329/taj.v15i2.3917TAJ December 2002; Vol.15(2): 90-92
Extensive Ameloblastoma of the Mandible
Authors: Chowdhury Md Obaidur R , Islam Saiful , Chowdhury WR , Haque ME
Published: December 2009

The ameloblastoma is the most common and aggressive odontogenic tumour of the jaws. Butonly rarely the anterior portions of the jaws are involved. Since extensive ameloblastoma of themandible crossing the symphysis upto the canine region of the opposite site is a rareoccurrence, so we are encouraged to present this case for academic interest.doi: 10.3329/taj.v15i2.3918TAJ December 2002; Vol.15(2): 93-95
Research Paper Writing and 'Peer Review': An Over View
Authors: Ekram ARM Saifuddin , Rahman Md Fazlur
Published: December 2009

A research paper presents the results of investigations on a selected topic. Based onresearchers own thoughts and the facts and ideas they have gathered from a variety of sources,a research paper is a creation that is usually unique. In Bangladesh about 100 science andresearch journals are published annually in English language of which 45 are biomedicaljournals. Most of these do not reach their target readers and are not indexed or abstracted.Amongst many other deterrents, poor peer review is one of the most important hindrance toquality publication of science journals regularly. For quality publication, journals need carefuland consistent editing. A well prepared systematic and organized manuscript is a prerequisitefor this purpose. Critical but sensible peer review can enhance and enrich the whole process.The final outcome will be a journal with sound science that can play its proper role in thedevelopment of the country.doi: 10.3329/taj.v15i2.3920TAJ December 2002; Vol.15(2): 98-102
Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC): An Update
Authors: Uddin Dayem
Published: December 2009

Non-Small Cell lung Cancer can be treated with survival benefit providing better quality of life byapplying new chemotherapeutic dosing schemes. Though Surgery and Radiotherapy providegood results in non small cell lung cancer, most of the patients turn up to doctors in advancedstages where these facilities can not be offered properly. Combination chemotherapy withcarboplatin or cisplatin with Taxotere and Gemcirabine is now a better option. Chemotherapywith carboplatin, Gemcirabine, Taxotere and Novelbine is also a better dosing schemes.doi: 10.3329/taj.v15i2.3923TAJ December 2002; Vol.15(2): 115-118
Effect of Fenugreek (Methi) on the Thymic volume in Streptozotocin-induced Diabetic Rats
Authors: Mondal DK , Karim MM , Mohal S , Yousuf BMA , Shamim KM
Published: December 2009

Effect of fenugreek (Trigonella foenumgraecum) on thymic volume was studied in 30 long Evansrats. Among the total, 10 were treated with only vehicle (non-diabetic control - group A); 10 weretreated with streptozotocin only (diabetic control - group B) and 10 were treated with fenugreek(fenugreek treated - group C). Mean relative thymic volumes were 0.22210.018 ml/100 gm ofcorresponding final body weight (Mean 1 SEM), 0.14710.015 and 0.19910.020 in group A, B and Crespectively. In non-diabetic control group the thymic volume was significantly higher (p=0.005)than that of diabetic control group. In fenugreek treated diabetic group the volume was alsosignificantly higher (p=0.05) from that of diabetic control group and very much nearer to nondiabeticcontrol group (p=0.398). Fenugreek may preserve the thymic volume considerably indiabetic rats.doi: 10.3329/taj.v16i1.3892TAJ June 2003; Vol.16(1): 1-4
Serum Ferritin as a Risk Factor for Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Hafiz MS , Arslan MI , Banarjee S , Obaidullah M
Published: December 2009

Myocardial Infarction (Ml) is the most common form of heart disease and the single mostimportant cause of premature death in the developed and developing world. Unfortunately theincidence of the condition is increasing rapidly in many developing countries like Bangladesh.Effort should therefore be taken to minimize the risk factors of Ml. There are several studieswhich evaluate the relation of serum ferritin with Ml in abroad. In Bangladesh, there is no suchstudy was carried out to evaluate the relationship between serum ferritin and Ml. So the presentwork has been designed to evaluate the association of serum ferritin with Ml.The present study was carried out in the Department of Biochemistry, BSMMU in collaborationwith Department of Cardiology, BSMMU and NICVD, Dhaka during the period of July 2001 toDecember 2002. A total of 50 subjects were selected, Group A ( 20 subjects of Ml) and Group B(30 subjects of Control). The mean level of serum ferritin in control subjects were 111.65 ±50.47 ng/ml and in test subjects were 258.44 ± 87.87 ng/ml. So the present study showed thatserum ferritin level is significantly higher in patients with Ml. From the present study, it isdifficult to draw any definite conclusion but suggested that high serum ferritin concentrationmay be a cause of the incidence of Ml.doi: 10.3329/taj.v16i1.3893TAJ June 2003; Vol.16(1): 5-7
Altered Divalent Ion Metabolism in Different Stages of Chronic Renal Failure
Authors: Islam AKMM , Rahman H , Rashid HU
Published: December 2009

A total of 50 patients (male-28, female-22), in diferent stages of chronic renal failure (Mild, CCR30-50ml/min/1.73m2n=17; Moderate, CCR 10 to 29 ml/ min /1.73 m2, n=15and Severe, CCR< 10 ml / min /1.73 m2, n=18) and 23 healthy controls (CCR 60 to 120 ml / min /1.73 m2, male -11, female -12) were studied in the Department of Nephrology BSMMU, Dhaka to see thealteration of divalent ion metabolism in different stages of chronic renal failure.Mean age of the patients were 42.98 ± 14.51 years. The level of serum calcium was significantlylower among the patients of moderate and severe chronic renal failure. Serum inorganicphosphate level was significantly high among the patients of severe chronic renal failure thanthose of control group.It is concluded that hypocalcaemia and hyperphosphataemia occur in the chronic renal failurepatients and these are more marked in advanced chronic renal failure.doi: 10.3329/taj.v16i1.3894TAJ June 2003; Vol.16(1): 8-11
Relationship between Zink and Anaemica in Chronic Haemodialysis Patients
Authors: Akhtar Nasima , Ahsan Raghib , Wakil Md Abdul , Mostafa CGM , Chowdhury Sakhi , Hai MA
Published: December 2009

End stage renal disease (ESRD) patients receiving haemodialysis (HD) are frequently associatedwith anaemia. Zinc, being an important nutrient for haemoglobin synthesis, was studied for it'seffect, if any, on renal disease associated anaemia among patients in the HD unit of BSMMU(formerly IPGMR), Dhaka. Surprisingly, a tow plasma zinc level and a high corpuscular (RBC)zinc level was observed. All of our subjects were found anaemic. A significant correlation wasobserved between plasma zinc level on one hand and haemoglobin level as well as RBC countson the other hand. There are several suggestions for this low plasma and high corpuscular zinclevel. However, this altered zinc level in plasma and red blood corpuscles might interfere withhaemoglobin synthesis and might be one of the factors for renal disease associated anaemia.doi: 10.3329/taj.v16i1.3895TAJ June 2003; Vol.16(1): 12-14
Health Problems of the Geriatric People: A Community Based Study in a Rural Area in Bangladesh
Authors: Haque Md Jawadul , Alam Md Rafiqul
Published: December 2009

A community based cross-sectional study among the geriatric people i.e. 60 years and aboveage group was carried out in the rural villages of Rangpur district with a view to find out theircommon health problems and the relationship between the health problems and some of theirsocio-economical factors. A total of 1000 geriatric people were interviewed. Among them 73.6%were male and 26.4% were female, majority of them (47.8%) were in the age group 60-64 yearsand about 30% of them were smokers. About 86% of the respondents were suffering from eithera disease or diseases at the time of Interview. The most common diseases suffered by themwere arthritis, diarrhoea, hyperacidity and peptic ulcerative diseases, bronchitis, asthma,hypertension, cataract, dental caries, skin disease, diabetes mellitus, hydrocele, etc.A positive relationship of disease prevalence was found with educational status (p< .001),economical status (p<.01) and dependency states (p< .001) of the respondents. Statisticallysignificant relationship was found between dependency state and mental state of therespondents (p< .001). Good relation with other members of the family was found more inindependent group (p< .001). This study might provide information to formulate effectivepreventive and control measures for health problems of the aged.doi: 10.3329/taj.v16i1.3896TAJ June 2003; Vol.16(1): 15-19
Microscopic Detection of L.D. Bodies in Splenic Aspirates at Rajshahi Medical College Hospital
Authors: Salam MA , Ahmed I , Ali MS , Hossain SMA , Begum S
Published: December 2009

Leishman stained smears prepared from ninety-nine (99) splenic aspirates and eleven (11) slitskin were examined under light microscope in order to detect L.D. bodies at the department ofMicrobiology, Rajshahi Medical College from 2002 to May 2003. L.D. bodies were found in 46(46.46%) and 01 (9.09%) samples of splenic aspirates and slit skin smears respectively. Smearpositivity and concomitant higher parasitic load was noted among comparatively younger agegroups with slight male preponderance. Demonstration of parasitic by direct microscopicalexamination in splenic aspirates for the diagnosis of visceral leishmaniasis or kala azar and inslit skin smears for Post kala azar dermal leishmaniasis (PKDL) is reliable method.doi: 10.3329/taj.v16i1.3898TAJ June 2003; Vol.16(1): 20-23
Gnathostomiasis - A Rare Nematode Infection
Authors: Rahman MM
Published: December 2009

Gnathostoma, primarily an animal nematode, is rusty in colour, 2-3 cm long in adult stage, caninfect man by their larval form. Human infection occurs by the third stage larva by consumptionof undercooked or raw fish, poultry, or pork and rarely by skin penetration, In Bangladeshgnathostomiasis is not reported. But recently a female of 38 year of age of the northern district,Rangpur has got infected with a species of Gnathostoma, manifested by the appearance of thefarva in anterior chamber of her right eye. The larva was removed from her eye surgically inliving state and the patient was cured.doi: 10.3329/taj.v16i1.3900TAJ June 2003; Vol.16(1): 28-29
Giant Meningioma of the Parieto-Occipital Lobe of the Brain - A Case of Report
Authors: Rahman Md Lutfor , Karmaker Pranob , Pramanik Subrota Kumar , Rahim AM Asif
Published: December 2009

Most meningiomas are benign and malignant meningiomas are extremely rare . We are reportinga case of giant meningloma of the parieto-occipital lobe of the brain which is quite uncommon.doi: 10.3329/taj.v16i1.3901TAJ June 2003; Vol.16(1): 30-31
Acute Viral Encephalitis
Authors: Ekram ARM Saifuddin , Hossain Md J , Hussain Sultana M , Alam Md M , Hossain SMA , Ahmed I , Rahman Md F , Begum SMK Nahar , Gurley E , Brieman Robert F
Published: December 2009

Viral encephalitis remains a significant public health problem world wide including Bangladesh.Its transmission is either from insect or environmental vectors or from human-to-humancontact. Cerebrospinal fluid analysis, viral studies, and various imaging techniques providesensitive and specific methods to detect many of these viral pathogens. Rapid diagnosis ofencephalitis allows early intervention in those conditions that are responsive to specificantiviral treatment, such as herpes simplex encephalitis. Specific treatment is available forcertain viral encephalitides, but for others only supportive therapy is available. Vaccines areavailable to prevent a few important causes of encephalitis, but prevention of encephalitisrevolves around minimizing exposure to pathogens, and insects which transmit many of them.Control must be based on rapid recognition of early cases, subsequent immunization ofpersons or animals at risk, or immunization of persons or animals with the potential to be atrisk, such as travelers, laboratory personnel, and attending clinicians.doi: 10.3329/taj.v16i1.3902TAJ June 2003; Vol.16(1): 32-38
Controversies Regarding the Management of Carcinoma of the Thyroid Gland
Authors: Begum T , Siddique AB , Awal MA , Khanam N , Ansari SM
Published: December 2009

Of all solid cancers presenting in adults, papillary thyroid cancers generally carry best longtermprognosis. However, very little is understood about the molecular pathogenesis of thisneoplasm. Any patient presenting with thyroid nodule-initial work up will be fine needleaspiration cytology (FNAC). Surgical treatment depends on FNA finding, age and clinicalpresentation. After surgical debulking whole body diagnostic scan should be performed whichwill follow the need for radioactive iodine (RAI) ablation therapy. Life long assessment afterablation therapy is needed using serum thyroglobulin (Tg) estimation, whole body scan andmost recent introduction of rTSH by FDA , USA.doi: 10.3329/taj.v16i1.3903TAJ June 2003; Vol.16(1): 39-45
Reproductive Health and Rights
Authors: Ekram ARM Saifuddin
Published: December 2009

doi: 10.3329/taj.v16i2.3880TAJ December 2003: Vol.16(2)
Acridine Orange Fluorescence Stain for the Diagnosis of Malarial Parasite
Authors: Siddique Md A , Alam Md A , Sultan Md Tipu , Uddin Md Q , Hossain SMA , Naaz S
Published: December 2009

A total of six hundred suspected cases of malaria (150 from each centre of Rajshahi MedicalCollege Hospital and three thanas under Rajshalhi district viz. Paba, Godagari and Charghat)were examined through both thick and thin film preparation and stained by both Giemsa andacridine orange fluorescence staining respectively. All the slides in both stained preparationwere examined by three competent microbiologists in three different centres. Malarial parasitedetection in cases of Rajshahi Medical College Hospital. Paba, Godagari and Charghat. InGiemsa staining parasites were positive in 14 (9.33%), 16(10.66%),26(17.33%) and 41(27.33%)cases respectively while it was found to be positive in 21(14.00%), 36(24.00%),49(32.66%) and61(40.66%) cases in acridine orange fluorescence staining respectively. In comparison acridineorange fluorescence staining was found to be more sensitive over Giemsa staining especially inlow parasitaemic cases.doi: 10.3329/taj.v16i2.3883TAJ December 2003; Vol.16(2): 58-61
Evaluation of Patients with Irritable Bowel Syndrome Diagnosed by Clinical Rome Criteria
Authors: Alim MA , Kabir A , Ekram ARM S , Hassan M
Published: December 2009

Sixty four patients who met the clinical Rome criteria for Irritable Bowel Syndrome wereprospectively evaluated by hematological, biochemical, endoscopic and sonographic methods.Complete blood count, sedimentation rate (ESR), thyroid profile, urinalysis, chest skiagram werefound normal or yielded no useful information. Stool examination revealed 6 (9.4%) positive forova/cyst of parasites and 7(10.9%) showed bacterial growth on culture. Structural evaluation(double contrast x-ray of colon, flexible sigmoidoscopy, endoscopy of upper Gl tract abdominalsonography) revealed abnormalities including: polyp (1), colitis (2), peptic ulcer (7), gall stone(2). So hematological, biochemical and structural evaluation should not be routinely done in allpatients diagnosed by Rome criteria unless sinister symptoms of organic diseases are present.doi: 10.3329/taj.v16i2.3884TAJ December 2003; Vol.16(2): 62-64
Evaluation of Renal Diseases using Isotope Renograme and Biochemical Test: a Correlative Study with 275 Cases
Authors: Ahasan MM , Bodrudozza SM , Ahmed FU , Khanam MN , Hasan SMK , Begum N
Published: December 2009

The study was carried out with an aim to make a correlation between radionuclide renographyand biochemical test in the evaluation of renal diseases. A total of 275 patients with a history oflow back pain were included in the study. Radionuclide renography and biochemical test weredone in most of them in consecutive days. Among them, 241 patients were finally found to bepositive. Available USG, X-ray, IVU, TC, DC, ESR and Hb% findings were also correlated wellwith renogram. Renal diseases like renal stone, acute glomerulonephritis (AGN), ureteric stone,enal abscess, chronic renal failure, end stage renal disease (ESRD) and renal trauma wereound in most of the cases. In case of radionuclide renography, mild to severe renalnsufficiency found in 87.64% cases (single & bilateral) in contrast to biochemical test wherencreased blood urea/ serum creatinine found in 30.91% cases. Our study focuses themportance of renogram technique over biochemical test for precise evaluation of differentialrenal function.doi: 10.3329/taj.v16i2.3885TAJ December 2003; Vol.16(2): 65-67
Management of Intracranial Abscess - Study of 30 cases
Authors: Rahman Md L , Rahman ML , Hossain S , Ali ASMS , Pramanik SK , Rahman SK I , Rahman A
Published: December 2009

Brain abscess may be solitary or multiple. They appear as areas of ill-defined cerebritis tomature well defined focal suppurative lesion with capsulated abscesses. Multiple brain abscessrecognized in as many as 50% of patients. In this study 30 patients were analyzed. Solitary brainabscess were more than multiple abscess. Age ranges from 6 years to 35 years. Male to femaleratio was 5:1. Intra parenchymal brain abscess occurred in all cases (100%), subdural orextradural lesions were nil. Brain abscesses were associated with CSOM. CT scan done in all(100%) patients as diagnostic tools. All (100%) patients under went Burr-hole evacuation withbroad-spectrum antibiotic therapy and 2 patients (06.66%) treated with long term anti tuberculartherapy. V-P shunt was made in 1 patient (03.33%) who had persistent venriculomegaly. In thisstudy mortality rate was zero.doi: 10.3329/taj.v16i2.3887TAJ December 2003; Vol.16(2): 73-75
Sacrococcygeal Teratoma in a Teen - A Case Report
Authors: Rahman Md K , Haq SMM , Sarker AK , Shahid SMA , Islam MB
Published: December 2009

Sacrococcygeal teratoma is a common congenital neoplasm. This tumor contains derivatives ofmore than one of the three embryonic germ cell layers e.g. ectoderm, mesoderm & endodermand usually arises as a mass in the sacrococcygeal region. Here we are reporting a case of hugesacrococcygeal teratoma presenting as a lower abdominal and perineal mass in a thirteen-yearoldschoolgirl, which is very rare.doi: 10.3329/taj.v16i2.3888TAJ December 2003; Vol.16(2): 76-78
Rehabilitation of Patients with Rheumatic Diseases - An Update
Authors: Uddin Md Taslim , Moyeenuzzaman Md , Hasan Suzon Al
Published: December 2009

Rehabilitation stands to make a person fit again. Rheumatic diseases are a heterogeneousgroup of disorders that involve joint structures (synovium, cartilage and bone) and theirsurrounding soft tissues (skin, muscles, tendons and ligaments). This chronic process resultsin soft tissue and synovial swelling, erosion of cartilage and bone, rupture of tendons, ligamentsand joint capsule, reduction in joint space, muscle wasting and osteoporosis. Diseaseprogression can create marked joint instability, muscular weakness and a reduction of generalfitness. Rehabilitation of rheumatic patients includes multidisciplinary approach withpharmacotherapy, thermotherapy and cryotherapy, optimal rest, use of orthoses and functionalaids, exercises, surgery and patient education. The present article will highlight biomechanicalfactors in the causation of disability and an approach to rehabilitate this group of patients.doi: 10.3329/taj.v16i2.3890TAJ December 2003; Vol.16(2): 82-88
Comparison of Locoregional Recurrence with Mastectomy vs. Breast Conserving Surgery in Pregnancy Associated Breast Cancer (PABC)
Authors: Beriwal Sushil , Rungruang Bunja , Soran Atilla , Thull Darcy , Kelley Joseph  L. , Bhargava Rohit , Lin Chyongchiou  J. , Sukumvanich Paniti
Published: December 2009

We have compared outcomes, including the locoregional recurrence, between mastectomy and breast conserving therapy in PABC. Patients were divided into those who were treated with mastectomies (group 1) and those with breast conserving surgery (group 2). The groups were comparable except for lower mean age in group 2 and more patients with stage III disease and higher number of nodes positive in the group 1. Five-year actuarial LRR, distant metastases free survival and overall survival in group 1 vs. 2 were 10% vs. 37%, 73% vs. 81% and 57% vs. 59% respectively. The patients with PABC treated with breast conserving therapy, despite having lower stage disease, have a higher risk of local regional recurrence in comparison with those treated with mastectomy.
Associations between Area-Level Unemployment, Body Mass Index, and Risk Factors for Cardiovascular Disease in an Urban Area
Authors: Naimi Ashley Isaac , Paquet Catherine , Gauvin Lise , Daniel Mark
Published: December 2009

Introduction: Cardiovascular Disease (CVD) has been linked to \"neighbourhood\" socioeconomic status (nSES), often operationalized as a composite index of aggregate income, occupation and education within predefined administrative boundaries. The role of specific, non-composite socioeconomic markers has not been clearly explained. It is also unclear whether the relationship between nSES and CVD varies according to sex. We sought to determine whether area-level unemployment (ALU) was associated with CVD risk, and whether this association differed by sex. Methods: 342 individuals from the Montreal Neighbourhood Survey of Lifestyle and Health provided self-reported behavioural and socioeconomic information. A nurse collected biochemical and anthropometric data. ALU, a weighted average of the proportion of persons 15-years and older available for but without work, was measured using a Geographic Information System for a 250 m buffer centred on individual residence. Generalized Estimating Equations were used to estimate the associations between ALU, body mass index (BMI) and a cumulative score for total cardiometabolic risk (TCR). Results: After confounder adjustments, the mean 4th minus 1st quartile difference in BMI was 3.19 kg/m2 (95% CI: 2.39, 3.99), while the prevalence ratio for the 4th relative to 1st quartile for TCR was 2.20 (95 % CI: 1.53, 3.17). Sex interacted with ALU; women relative to men had greater mean 3.97 kg/m2 (95% CI: 2.08, 5.85) BMI and greater mean TCR 1.51 (95% CI: 0.78, 2.90), contrasted at mean ALU. Conclusions: Area-level unemployment is associated with greater CVD risk, and this association is stronger for women.
Dissolution of Microcrystalline Cellulose in Phosphoric Acid—Molecular Changes and Kinetics
Authors: Zhang Junhua , Zhang Jingqiang , Lin Lu , Chen Tianming , Zhang Jun , Liu Shijie , Li Zhenjiang , Ouyang Pingkai
Published: December 2009

In this study, we aimed to dissolve microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) with phosphoric acid to obtain high-quality fermentable saccharides. MCC was directly dissolved in phosphoric acid (the concentration was 83%) for 10 hours at temperatures of 30, 50, and 70 °C. The structural changes of MCC were determined in detail with X-ray powder diffraction, solid-state cross-polarization magic angle spinning 13C-NMR, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The kinetics of MCC decrystallization during treatment with phosphoric acid was also compared at 30, 50, and 70 °C. With the assumption of first order kinetics, the Arrhenius parameters of K, A0 and Ea were calculated. The rate constants of decrystallization reaction (K) were 0.06, 0.17, and 0.12 h-1 respectively. The pre-exponential factor (A0) was 1.2 × 106 h-1, and the activation energy (Ea) was 42.4 kJ/mol.
All-Plastic Electrochemical Transistor for Glucose Sensing Using a Ferrocene Mediator
Authors: Shim Na Young , Bernards Daniel  A. , Macaya Daniel  J. , DeFranco John  A. , Nikolou Maria , Owens Róisín  M. , Malliaras George  G.
Published: December 2009

We demonstrate a glucose sensor based on an organic electrochemical transistor (OECT) in which the channel, source, drain, and gate electrodes are made from the conducting polymer poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) doped with poly(styrene sulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS). The OECT employs a ferrocene mediator to shuttle electrons between the enzyme glucose oxidase and a PEDOT:PSS gate electrode. The device can be fabricated using a one-layer patterning process and offers glucose detection down to the micromolar range, consistent with levels present in human saliva.