bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Mechanisms of sympathetic restraint in human skeletal muscle during exercise: role of α-adrenergic and nonadrenergic mechanisms
Authors: Hansen Alexander B. , Moralez Gilbert , Romero Steven A. , Gasho Christopher , Tymko Michael M. , Ainslie Philip N. , Hofstätter Florian , Rainer Simon L. , Lawley Justin S. , Hearon Christopher M.
Published: June 2020

Sympathetic restraint of vascular conductance to inactive skeletal muscle is critical to maintain blood pressure during moderate- to high-intensity whole body exercise. This investigation shows that cycle exercise-induced restraint of inactive skeletal muscle vascular conductance occurs primarily because of activation of α-adrenergic receptors. Furthermore, exercise-induced vasoconstriction restrains the subsequent vasodilatory response to hand-grip exercise; however, the restraint of active skeletal muscle vasodilation was in part due to nonadrenergic mechanisms. We conclude that α-adrenergic receptors are the primary but not exclusive mechanism by which sympathetic vasoconstriction restrains blood flow in humans during whole body exercise and that metabolic activity modulates the contribution of α-adrenergic receptors.
Sympathetically mediated increases in cardiac output, not restraint of peripheral vasodilation, contribute to blood pressure maintenance during hyperinsulinemia
Authors: Limberg Jacqueline K. , Smith James A. , Soares Rogerio N. , Harper Jennifer L. , Houghton Keeley N. , Jacob Dain W. , Mozer Michael T. , Grunewald Zachary I. , Johnson Blair D. , Curry Timothy B. , Baynard Tracy , Manrique-Acevedo Camila , Padilla Jaume
Published: June 2020

We examined the role of sympathetic activation in restraining vasodilatory responses to hyperinsulinemia and sustaining blood pressure in healthy adults. Data are reported from two separate experimental protocols in humans and one experimental protocol in isolated arteries from mice. Contrary to our hypothesis, the present findings support the idea that during hyperinsulinemia, a sympathetically mediated increase in cardiac output, rather than restraint of peripheral vasodilation, is the principal contributor to the maintenance of systemic blood pressure.
ASIC1a does not play a role in evoking the metabolic component of the exercise pressor reflex in a rat model of peripheral artery disease
Authors: Ducrocq Guillaume P. , Kim Joyce S. , Estrada Juan A. , Kaufman Marc P.
Published: June 2020

The role of ASIC1a in evoking the metabolic component of the exercise pressor reflex in peripheral artery disease is unknown. Using a within-rat experimental design, we found that the contribution of ASIC1a decreased in a rat model of peripheral artery disease. These results have key implications to help finding better treatments and improve morbidity, quality of life, and mortality in patients with peripheral artery disease.
Tead1 is essential for mitochondrial function in cardiomyocytes
Authors: Liu Ruya , Jagannathan Rajaganapathi , Sun Lingfei , Li Feng , Yang Ping , Lee Jeongkyung , Negi Vinny , Perez-Garcia Eliana M. , Shiva Sruti , Yechoor Vijay K. , Moulik Mousumi
Published: June 2020

Mitochondrial dysfunction constitutes an important aspect of heart failure etiopathogenesis and progression. However, the molecular mechanisms are still largely unknown. Growing lines of evidence indicate that Hippo-Tead pathway plays a role in cellular bioenergetics. This study reveals the novel role of Tead1, the downstream transcriptional effector of Hippo pathway, as a novel regulator of mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation and in vivo cardiomyocyte energy metabolism, thus providing a potential therapeutic target for modulating mitochondrial function and enhancing cytoprotection of cardiomyocytes.
Free-running circadian breathing rhythms are eliminated by suprachiasmatic nucleus lesion
Authors: Purnell Benton S. , Buchanan Gordon F.
Published: June 2020

It has long been appreciated that breathing is altered by time of day. This study demonstrates that rhythmicity in breathing persists in constant darkness but is dependent on the suprachiasmatic nucleus in the hypothalamus. Understanding circadian rhythms in breathing may be important for the treatment and prevention of diseases such as sleep apnea and sudden unexpected death in epilepsy.
CXCR7 Inhibits Fibrosis via Wnt/β‐Catenin Pathways during the Process of Angiogenesis in Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells
Authors: Shen MinQian , Feng YiFan , Wang Jing , Yuan YuanZhi , Yuan Fei
Published: June 2020

Although SDF‐1/CXCR7 plays an important role in angiogenesis, the function and the pathway of the SDF‐1/CXCR7 axis might depend on the cell type or tissue origin and not fully understood. In this study, we investigated the effect of CXCR7 in SDF‐1‐induced proliferation, migration, apoptosis, tube formation, and endothelial‐to‐mesenchymal transition (EndMT) of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs), and the potential pathway of SDF‐1/CXCR7. We confirmed that the silencing of CXCR7 inhibited the proliferation of HUVECs and contributed the apoptosis, while overexpressed CXCR7 increased SDF‐1‐induced HUVECs migration and tube formation. However, upregulated CXCR7 inhibited the expression of α‐SMA, suggesting that CXCR7 might attenuate EndMT. In addition, overexpressed CXCR7 activated AKT and ERK signaling pathways but suppressed Wnt/β‐catenin pathways in HUVECs. The inhibition of Wnt/β‐catenin pathways decreased the expression of α‐SMA. Altogether, these results suggest that CXCR7 might inhibit fibrosis via Wnt/β‐catenin pathways during the process of angiogenesis.
A 16‐Year Study on Incidence and Progression of Diseased Sphenoethmoidal (Onodi) Cell
Authors: Huang Ethan I. , Kuo Chia-Ling , Lee Li-Wen
Published: June 2020

Traumatic operative injury of the optic nerve in an endoscopic sinus surgery may cause immediate or delayed blindness. It should be cautioned when operating in a sphenoethmoidal cell, or known as Onodi cell, with contact or bulge of the optic canal. It remains unclear how frequent progression to visual loss occurs and how long it progresses to visual loss because of a diseased sphenoethmoidal cell. Research to discuss these questions is expected to help decision making to treat diseased sphenoethmoidal cells. From July 2001 to June 2017, 216 patients received conservative endoscopic sinus surgery without opening a diseased sphenoethmoidal cell. We used their computed tomography images of paranasal sinuses to identify diseased sphenoethmoidal cells that could be associated with progression to visual loss. Among the 216 patients, 52.3% had at least one sphenoethmoidal cell, and 14.8% developed at least one diseased sphenoethmoidal cell. One patient developed acute visual loss 4412 days after the first computed tomography. Our results show that over half of the patients have a sphenoethmoidal cell but suggest a rare incidence of a diseased sphenoethmoidal cell progressing to visual loss during the follow‐up period.
Spectrophotometric Analysis of Dental Enamel Staining to Antiseptic and Dietary Agents: In Vitro Study
Authors: Javali Mukhatar Ahmed , Abdul Khader Mohasin , Alqahtani Razan Mansour , Almufarrij Muna Jubran , Alqahtani Thamra Mohammed , Addas Mohamed Khaled
Published: June 2020

Background/Objectives. Use of antiseptics as an adjunct to a traditional mechanical tooth brushing method has limited their application for long duration because of their side effects such as staining and calculus formation. The objective of this in vitro study is to analyse the staining effects of antiseptic mouthwashes on dental enamel and compare it with those containing nanoparticles, dietary agents, and distilled water (control). Material and Methods. 105 intact premolars extracted for orthodontic reasons and without any caries or anatomical defects were selected for analysis. The samples were randomly divided into 7 different groups of fifteen teeth each for different solutions. A spectrophotometer was used to assess the colorimeter analysis of buccal dental enamel surface at R1 (baseline examination), R2 (24 hours after immersion in different solutions), and R3 (after brushing). Statistical analysis was done using the Kolmogorov–Smirnov test and Levene’s test (p<0.05), respectively. One-way ANOVA was used to compare the difference in color (∆E) between the readings, R1, R2, and R3. Results. The mouthwash containing titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanoparticles produced the greater enamel discoloration compared to that of chlorhexidine. Brushing had little effect on removal of stains induced by all mouthwashes except for dietary solutions (lemon with sodium bicarbonate and olive with laurel) and distilled water (control). Conclusion. The results from this study show that mouthwashes containing TiO2 nanoparticles and other antiseptic mouthwashes cause change in color of the teeth and lead to poor esthetic appearance when compared to dietary and control solutions. Thus, future in vivo studies have to be conducted to confirm these findings as in vitro studies may not provide a reliable simulation of the clinical situations.
IL-17A in the Psoriatic Patients’ Serum and Plaque Scales as Potential Marker of the Diseases Severity and Obesity
Authors: Michalak-Stoma Anna , Bartosińska Joanna , Kowal Małgorzata , Raczkiewicz Dorota , Krasowska Dorota , Chodorowska Grażyna
Published: June 2020

The aim of the study was to evaluate concentrations of IL-17 in the serum and plaque scales of psoriatic patients. We analyzed their association with the clinical activity of the disease and with body mass index (BMI). Demographic data, medical history, serum, and scale from psoriatic plaques for assessment of IL-17 were collected from all the participants. The disease severity was assessed with PASI (Psoriasis Area and Severity Index), BSA (Body Surface Area), PGA (Physician Global Assessment), NAPSI (Nail Psoriasis Severity Index), and DLQI (Dermatology Quality of Life Index) scores. Obesity was diagnosed by calculating body mass index. Serum and scale concentration of IL-17 was determined with Human IL-17A High Sensitivity ELISA kit and Human IL-17 ELISA kit. In the psoriatic patients, BMI was statistically significantly higher than in the control group. Most of the patients presented BMI higher than normal. Our study confirms that overweight is a problem among psoriatic patients. A significant positive correlation between the IL-17 serum and scale concentrations and psoriasis severity indicates that IL-17 can be used as the marker of disease severity. More data from human studies can be crucial for understanding that relationship between IL-17, psoriasis, and obesity.
Nonlinear FAVO Dispersion Quantification Based on the Analytical Solution of the Viscoelastic Wave Equation
Authors: Li Yuanqiang , Li Jingye , Chen Xiaohong , Zhang Jian , Zhou Chen , Tang Wei
Published: June 2020

Wave-induced fluid flow is the main cause of seismic attenuation and dispersion. So the estimated velocity dispersion information can be used to identify reservoir fluid and effectively reduce the risk of reservoir drilling. Using equivalence of dispersion and attenuation between poroelastic and viscoelastic media, we developed the method of FAVO (frequency-dependent amplitude variation with offset) dispersion quantitative estimation based on the analytical solution of 1D viscoelastic wave equation. Compared with the current single-interface velocity dispersion estimation method, the new nonlinear approach uses the analytical solution of 1D viscoelastic wave equation as the forward modeling engine. This method can conveniently handle the attenuation and generate the full-wave field response of a layered medium. First, the compound matrix method (CMM) was applied to rapidly obtain the analytical solution by vectorization. Further, we analyzed the seismic response characteristics through the model data to clarify the effectiveness of the forward modeling method. Then, the more reliable P-wave velocity, S-wave velocity, and density were recovered based on prestack viscoelastic waveform inversion (PVWI). Combining with the inversion results, the derivative matrix was calculated to perform nonlinear velocity dispersion estimation. Finally, the new estimation method was tested with the model and actual data. The experiments show that the developed method is clearly superior to the single-interface dispersion estimation method in accuracy and resolution. This approach can be used as a new choice reservoir fluid identification.
Estimation of Risk Thresholds for a Landslide in the Three Gorges Reservoir Based on a KDE-Copula-VaR Approach
Authors: Zhang Shen , Ma Junwei , Tang Huiming
Published: June 2020

The Three Gorges Reservoir area, one of the most landslide-prone areas in China, is characterized by widely distributed deep-seated landslides exhibiting creep deformation due to rainfall and reservoir fluctuation. Thresholds, which are a key component for a reliable landslide early warning system, are still lacking for the prediction of movements of deep-seated reservoir landslides with creep deformation because information about reservoir fluctuation indicators is lacking, uncertainty is ignored, and binary output is provided. The risk threshold, defined as the tolerance criteria for risks that will lead to action, is an effective measure of the degree of uncertainty. In the present study, a hybrid approach utilizing kernel density estimation, a copula function, and the value at risk is proposed for the estimation of the risk threshold for the Baishuihe Landslide, a typical deep-seated landslide in the Three Gorges Reservoir area. Historical observations over approximately 15 years including rainfall, reservoir fluctuation, and landslide velocity were used to extract the risk threshold. A three-level risk threshold describing the minimum magnitudes of rainfall and reservoir fluctuation for changing the landslide movement state under three confidence levels was developed. A three-level risk response procedure, including risk responses in yellow alert, orange alert, and red alert, is proposed for risk management. Given its successful application, the present approach can be used to estimate the risk threshold for deep-seated landslides.
Accelerated Real-Time Simulations for Testing a Reactive Power Flow Controller in Long-Term Case Studies
Authors: Sirviö Katja H. , Mekkanen Mike , Kauhaniemi Kimmo , Laaksonen Hannu , Salo Ari , Castro Felipe , Babazadeh Davood
Published: June 2020

This paper presents the development of an accelerated real-time cosimulation and testing platform, especially for long-term simulations of power systems. The platform is planned to be utilized in the development and testing of active network management functions for microgrids and smart grids. Long-term simulations are needed in order to study, for example, the potential weekly, monthly, or yearly usage of distribution-network-connected distributed energy resources for different technical flexibility services. In order to test new algorithms in long-term study cases, real-time simulations or hardware-in-the-loop tests should be accelerated. This paper analyzes the possibilities and challenges of accelerated long-term simulations in studying the potential use of a large-scale wind turbine for reactive power flow control between distribution system operator (DSO) and transmission system operator (TSO) networks. To this end, the reactive power flow control is studied for different voltage levels (HV and MV) in the Sundom Smart Grid in Vaasa, Finland. The control of reactive power flow between HV and MV networks is realized with a reactive power window control algorithm for a 3.6 MW MV-network-connected wind turbine with a full-scale power converter. The behaviour of the reactive power controller during long-term simulations is studied by offline and real-time simulations. Moreover, the real-time simulations are performed with both software-in-the-loop and controller-hardware-in-the-loop.
Synovial Sarcoma of the Hand
Authors: Ohan Hovsep , Minassian Greg , Samra Asaad H. , Zdilla Matthew J.
Published: June 2020

The incidence of synovial sarcoma is 1.548 per 1,000,000. Synovial sarcoma localized to the palmar surface should, therefore, be considered extremely rare. This report documents a 34-year-old male with a right hand mass that had been present for a few years, continuing to grow in size. The mass was located at the palm and extended from the mid-third metacarpal to involve all digits except the thumb. The mass was determined to be monophasic synovial sarcoma on histopathologic exam. Fluorescence in situ hybridization for SYT gene rearrangement was positive in 72% of cells. Resection of the mass was followed by radiation and chemotherapy. The patient had a long-term follow-up of 3.5 years with no evidence of any local recurrence of the tumor. This report increases awareness of this extremely rare malignancy—an awareness that is crucial for early diagnosis and improved survival rates. It is more common at younger ages but it can occur at any age, so it should be suspected and included in the differential diagnosis, especially when evaluating slow growing, nonresolving hand lesions.
Multiobjective Genetic Programming Can Improve the Explanatory Capabilities of Mechanism-Based Models of Social Systems
Authors: Vu Tuong M. , Buckley Charlotte , Bai Hao , Nielsen Alexandra , Probst Charlotte , Brennan Alan , Shuper Paul , Strong Mark , Purshouse Robin C.
Published: June 2020

The generative approach to social science, in which agent-based simulations (or other complex systems models) are executed to reproduce a known social phenomenon, is an important tool for realist explanation. However, a generative model, when suitably calibrated and validated using empirical data, represents just one viable candidate set of entities and mechanisms. The model only partially addresses the needs of an abductive reasoning process—specifically it does not provide insight into other viable sets of entities or mechanisms nor suggests which of these are fundamentally constitutive for the phenomenon to exist. In this paper, we propose a new model discovery framework that more fully captures the needs of realist explanation. The framework exploits the implicit ontology of an existing human-built generative model to propose and test a plurality of new candidate model structures. Genetic programming is used to automate this search process. A multiobjective approach is used, which enables multiple perspectives on the value of any particular generative model—such as goodness of fit, parsimony, and interpretability—to be represented simultaneously. We demonstrate this new framework using a complex systems modeling case study of change and stasis in societal alcohol use patterns in the US over the period 1980–2010. The framework is successful in identifying three competing explanations of these alcohol use patterns, using novel integrations of social role theory not previously considered by the human modeler. Practitioners in complex systems modeling should use model discovery to improve the explanatory utility of the generative approach to realist social science.
Unloading-Induced Crack Propagation of Two Collinear Unequal Length Flaws in Brittle Rocks
Authors: Wang Jianming , Chen Zhonghui , Zhang Lingfan
Published: June 2020

The propagation and coalescence of numerous discontinuous joints significantly contribute to landslide instability during excavation unloading. The tip expression of stress intensity factors of two collinear unequal length cracks in a typical rock mass under unloading conditions was calculated based on the superposition principle and fracture mechanics to determine the meso-influence law of intermittent joint interaction in the slope under the action of excavation. The effects of many factors on this interaction were also analyzed theoretically. Unloading tests were conducted on rock-like specimens with two collinear unequal length cracks in addition to numerical simulation and theoretical analysis. The results show decreased interaction between the two cracks with increased crack distance, increased influence of the main crack on a secondary crack with increased length of the main crack, and decreased influence of the secondary crack on the main crack with decreased length of the secondary crack. Wing tensile cracks first appear at the tip of flaws, and the propagation of these cracks occurs with the generation of secondary tensile cracks and shear cracks during unloading. Propagation and coalescence between cracks lead to tension and shear mixed failure of a rock bridge, and tensile cracks appear near the unloading surface. The axial initiation and peak stress of a crack increase with increased flaw distance, and the theoretical calculations were confirmed by lateral unloading test results.
Restoration of a Nonvital Tooth with Fiber Reinforce Composite (Wallpapering Technique)
Authors: Valizadeh Sara , Ranjbar Omrani Ladan , Deliperi Simone , Sadeghi Mahounak Farzaneh
Published: June 2020

Introduction. Reconstruction of endodontically treated tooth (ETT) is one of the greatest challenges in dentistry. Clinical success of fiber reinforcement composite (FRC) restorations in ETT depends on many factors like remaining tooth structure, knowing advantages of adhesive dentistry besides its drawbacks, and the correct use of fibers in combination with resin composite. Case Report. This article presents a case in which fibers have been used in composite buildup in order to increase the toughness and strength of the ETT direct restoration. In addition, this technique does not require root canal enlargement to eliminate the risk of root perforation. Also, this one visit treatment can be helpful for patients that could not pay the cost of indirect restoration and/or have no time. Conclusion. It seems in selected patients with special considerations, FRC composite restoration is valid alternatives for indirect restoration.
Nasopharyngeal Vascular Hamartoma in a Dog
Authors: Judy Annalisa N. , Krebs Alexander I. , Haynes Joseph , Kieves Nina R.
Published: June 2020

An 8-year-old spayed female 32 kg Labrador retriever was presented for further investigation into the underlying cause of dyspnea, stertor, and sleep apnea present for three months and worsening over 30 days. There were significant reduction in airflow through the nares and loud inspiratory stridor. Thoracic and cervical radiographs made were normal. A skull CT and retrograde rhinoscopy showed a mass occluding the majority of the nasopharynx above the caudal third of the hard palate. The main differential diagnoses included a neoplastic mass vs. inflammatory mass vs. cyst vs. mucous obstruction. There was no destruction of nasal turbinates, making a benign etiology more likely. Biopsy of the mass showed an inflammatory process. En bloc excision of the mass was performed via ventral rhinotomy without complication. Histopathology of the excised mass revealed it to be a mucosal vascular hamartoma. The dog recovered uneventfully and had no further respiratory issues, short or long term. Although vascular hamartomas are a rare finding in veterinary medicine, they can be found in a wide variety of species and anatomic locations. They should be considered when naming differentials for benign mass lesions throughout the body, including the nasopharynx. Although they are benign masses in nature, they can be clinically significant and should be addressed. Prognosis after removal in this location is excellent.
Analytic Solutions to Reflection-Transmission Problem of Interface in Anisotropic Ice Sheet
Authors: Wang Bangbing , Wong Honkuan
Published: June 2020

The rheology and evolution of the polar ice sheet are deeply influenced by the anisotropy of ice crystals. Studying the anisotropy of ice crystals can help to well understand and predict the behavior of the polar ice sheet and then the sea level rising and global climate change. In this paper, firstly, we deduce the expression of eigenvalues and eigenvectors of anisotropic media, which are determined by permittivity tensor and geometry of media. Then, the analytic formulas of reflection and transmission coefficients are derived directly by matrix transformation. Some models with real ice parameters are tested, and they present some special features at the anisotropic interface. We also discuss the physical meanings of eigenvalues and eigenvectors and the geometry analyzing to polarimetric radar. This analytic solution reveals the functional relationship between the macroradar reflection and the microphysical properties of ice crystals, which provides a feasibility of ice fabric identification by polarimetric radar detection.
The EMT Transcription Factor ZEB2 Promotes Proliferation of Primary and Metastatic Melanoma While Suppressing an Invasive, Mesenchymal-Like Phenotype
Authors: Vandamme Niels , Denecker Geertrui , Bruneel Kenneth , Blancke Gillian , Akay Özden , Taminau Joachim , De Coninck Jordy , De Smedt Eva , Skrypek Nicolas , Van Loocke Wouter , Wouters Jasper , Nittner David , Köhler Corinna , Darling Douglas S. , Cheng Phil F. , Raaijmakers Marieke I.G. , Levesque Mitchell P. , Mallya Udupi Girish , Rafferty Mairin , Balint Balazs , Gallagher William M. , Brochez Lieve , Huylebroeck Danny , Haigh Jody J. , Andries Vanessa , Rambow Florian , Van Vlierberghe Pieter , Goossens Steven , van den Oord Joost J. , Marine Jean-Christophe , Berx Geert
Published: June 2020

Epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT)-inducing transcription factors (TF) are well known for their ability to induce mesenchymal states associated with increased migratory and invasive properties. Unexpectedly, nuclear expression of the EMT-TF ZEB2 in human primary melanoma has been shown to correlate with reduced invasion. We report here that ZEB2 is required for outgrowth for primary melanomas and metastases at secondary sites. Ablation of Zeb2 hampered outgrowth of primary melanomas in vivo, whereas ectopic expression enhanced proliferation and growth at both primary and secondary sites. Gain of Zeb2 expression in pulmonary-residing melanoma cells promoted the development of macroscopic lesions. In vivo fate mapping made clear that melanoma cells undergo a conversion in state where ZEB2 expression is replaced by ZEB1 expression associated with gain of an invasive phenotype. These findings suggest that reversible switching of the ZEB2/ZEB1 ratio enhances melanoma metastatic dissemination.

Significance:

ZEB2 function exerts opposing behaviors in melanoma by promoting proliferation and expansion and conversely inhibiting invasiveness, which could be of future clinical relevance.
The World of Clinical Trial Development Post COVID-19: Lessons Learned from a Global Pandemic
Authors: Karzai Fatima , Madan Ravi A. , Dahut William L.
Published: June 2020

The novel coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19), caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), is a global health threat (1). Patients with cancer are one of the most vulnerable populations. During this pandemic, clinical trial accrual to NCI studies has fallen dramatically. Investigators quickly turned to regulatory bodies to simplify treatment schedules, facilitate telemedicine, and decrease required data collection. Going forward, the oncology research community must use the lessons learned to focus on redesigning studies to ensure that critical scientific questions are answered safely while expanding access and increasing partnerships with community physicians. These changes will accelerate clinical progress while protecting our patients.
Infection Control Precautions and Care Delivery in Hemodialysis Unit during Coronavirus Disease 2019 Outbreak: A Case Series
Authors: Hu Shou-Ci , Fu En-Qing , Fan Jun-Fen , Ye Qing-Qing , Xia Cong , Gan Tie-Er , Ma Hong-Zhen
Published: June 2020

Background: With an estimated basic reproductive number of 3.77, the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) continues to spread. It is urgent to exert adequate efforts for the management of dialysis patients, caregivers, and healthcare personnel (HCP). This study aimed at reporting practical workflow, identification of high-risk or suspected cases of CO­VID-19, and subsequent response measures. Methods: At the time of the COVID-19 outbreak, precautions and practice protocols were applied in our dialysis units (DUs). This single-center study retrospectively reviewed all high-risk/suspected cases from January 23, 2020, to February 10, 2020. Epidemiological, clinical feature, and detailed data on all cases were recorded. Results: Practical workflow for the clinical management of dialysis patients, caregivers, and HCP was initiated. A total of 6 high-risk/suspected cases were identified. Female gender, older age, presence of cardiovascular disease, diabetes, anuresis, immunocompromised status, hypoalbuminemia, and underweight were noticeable features in these cases. Direct evidence of infection or epidemiological risk was detected in five cases. Close monitoring for temperature and oxygen saturation during hemodialysis sessions may be reasonable. No confirmed COVID-19 cases were reported in our DU, but certain cases showed rapid deterioration due to other critically severe condition needing hospitalization. Portable dialysis machines are of great need to ensure dialysis care provision. Conclusions: Our study described a practical workflow for patient-centered management during COVID-19 outbreak. Potential risk factors and underlying clinical patterns were reported. Further studies regarding the efficacy of infection control precautions and practice protocols tailored for dialysis settings are warranted.
Carpal Tunnel Decompression Surgery Outcome and Effect of Diabetes
Authors: Abuzinadah Ahmad R. , Alzabidi Ziad H. , Abuzaid Abdullah E. , Kattan Khalid W. , Alsubaie Bandar S. , Altunisi Albaraa M. , AlKutbi Abdullah M. , Bamaga Ahmed K. , AlShareef Aysha A.
Published: June 2020

Objective: The benefits of carpal tunnel decompressive surgery (CTDS) among diabetic patients with carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) were previously investigated through comparing the outcome before and after CTDS, and in comparison to nondiabetic CTS. We sought to investigate if diabetes mitigates the benefits of CTDS compared to not receiving CTDS. Methods: In this retrospective study, we compared the risk of reporting any unfavorable outcomes among CTS patients (diabetic and nondiabetic) who underwent CTDS versus no CTDS after controlling for diabetes. We also compared the risk of reporting any unfavorable outcomes (waking up at night, pain during the day or during daily activities, or hand weakness) among diabetic CTS patients who underwent CTDS versus no CTDS after controlling for severity. Results: We included 207 patients; of these, 105 patients had CTDS and 102 did not. There were 60 diabetic and 147 nondiabetic patients. The risk of any unfavorable outcomes was reduced by CTDS from 83.3 to 66.6%, with an odds ratio (OR), after controlling for diabetes, of 0.39 (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.20–0.78). Among diabetic patients, there was no difference between the CTDS and non-CTDS groups in the risk of reporting any unfavorable outcomes; however, after adjustment for severity, the risk of hand weakness was less with CTDS, with an OR of 0.13 (95% CI 0.02–0.86). Conclusion: Diabetes did not mitigate the benefits of CTDS. CTDS may prevent hand weakness among diabetic CTS patients.
A questão da técnica e o caminho para a linguagem na filosofia de Martin Heidegger
Authors: Coutinho Izabella Corrêa Magalhães
Published: June 2020

Ao investigar aquele que seria o aspecto fundamental da técnica moderna, Martin Heidegger explicita o nexo que liga o fenômeno da técnica à metafísica, à ciência, à linguagem e ao destino e futuro do Ocidente. Conduzido através do sentido e verdade do Ser, o filósofo compreende a essência da técnica como desencobrir, trazendo à luz o que soa através das palavras gregas tékhne, poiésis e alétheia. Nessa compreensão, a questão da técnica se orienta para o âmbito mais originário da linguagem. Considerando os escritos de Heidegger pós-1930, sobretudo A questão da técnica, publicado em 1954, Língua de tradição e língua técnica, de 1962, e Para quê poetas?, de 1946, o objetivo deste texto é percorrer o caminho de tal orientação, investigando como se expressam e se estreitam as relações entre a essência da técnica e os sentidos de verdade, destino, língua e linguagem no pensamento de Heidegger. No curso desse exame – da questão da técnica à linguagem – deve ser possível retomar o que nos diz o filósofo a respeito da tarefa de pensar o homem contemporâneo na dominância da técnica e suas tecnologias.
Longitudinal Changes in Cardiac Structure and Function From Adolescence to Young Adulthood in Participants With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Gidding Samuel S. , Braffett Barbara H. , Shah Rachana D. , Lima Joao , de Vasconcellos Henrique Doria , Shah Ravi , Nadeau Kristen J. , Tryggestad Jeanie B. , Hughan Kara S. , Dhaliwal Ruban , Levitt Katz Lorraine E.
Published: June 2020

Background:

Heart failure is a prominent complication of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D). The goal of this study was to provide longitudinal data on cardiac structure and function (and cross-sectional comparison to normal-weight and obese controls without T2D) in individuals followed from adolescence with youth-onset T2D.

Methods:

In the TODAY study (Treatment Options for Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in Adolescents and Youth), echocardiograms were performed at study years 4 to 5 and 9 to 10. Echocardiograms were also obtained at years 8 to 9 in a control population of age, race/ethnicity, and sex-matched normal-weight and obese individuals without diabetes mellitus. Study outcomes were measures of left ventricular structure and function. The cohort included 411 participants with T2D, 194 obese controls, and 51 normal-weight controls.

Results:

At follow-up, mean participant age was 23 years, 65% women, 20% non-Hispanic white, 35% non-Hispanic black, and 39% Hispanic. Ejection fraction was <52% in 11.7% of male participants with T2D. Diastolic function declined during follow-up in participants with T2D (mitral valve lateral E/Em increased 0.72±0.12 in women and 0.50±0.17 in men;
P
<0.01) and was significantly higher than obese controls (women, 6.65±1.89 versus 5.66±1.37; men, 6.15±1.90 versus 5.26±1.31;
P
<0.0001). Predictors of adverse changes included hypertension, obesity, female sex, Hispanic and non-Hispanic black ethnicity, worse glycemic control, and elevated heart rate. Cardiac structural abnormalities, left ventricular hypertrophy, or concentric geometry, were highest in those with T2D (15.8% versus 5.7% obese versus 0% normal weight).

Conclusions:

Adverse changes in cardiac structure and function changed significantly from adolescence to early adulthood in participants with youth-onset T2D.

Registration:

URL:
https://www.clinicaltrials.gov
; Unique identifier: NCT00081328.
Potassium Intake and Blood Pressure: A Dose‐Response Meta‐Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials
Authors: Filippini Tommaso , Naska Androniki , Kasdagli Maria‐Iosifina , Torres Duarte , Lopes Carla , Carvalho Catarina , Moreira Pedro , Malavolti Marcella , Orsini Nicola , Whelton Paul K. , Vinceti Marco
Published: June 2020

Background

Epidemiologic studies, including trials, suggest an association between potassium intake and blood pressure (
BP
). However, the strength and shape of this relationship is uncertain.

Methods and Results

We performed a meta‐analysis to explore the dose‐response relationship between potassium supplementation and
BP
in randomized‐controlled trials with a duration ≥4 weeks using the recently developed 1‐stage cubic spline regression model. This model allows use of trials with at least 2 exposure categories. We identified 32 eligible trials. Most were conducted in adults with hypertension using a crossover design and potassium supplementation doses that ranged from 30 to 140 mmol/d. We observed a U‐shaped relationship between 24‐hour active and control arm differences in potassium excretion and
BP
levels, with weakening of the
BP
reduction effect above differences of 30 mmol/d and a
BP
increase above differences ≈80 mmol/d. Achieved potassium excretion analysis also identified a U‐shaped relationship. The
BP
‐lowering effects of potassium supplementation were stronger in participants with hypertension and at higher levels of sodium intake. The
BP
increase with high potassium excretion was noted in participants with antihypertensive drug‐treated hypertension but not in their untreated counterparts.

Conclusions

We identified a nonlinear relationship between potassium intake and both systolic and diastolic
BP
, although estimates for
BP
effects of high potassium intakes should be interpreted with caution because of limited availability of trials. Our findings indicate an adequate intake of potassium is desirable to achieve a lower
BP
level but suggest excessive potassium supplementation should be avoided, particularly in specific subgroups.
Stroke Prevention
Authors: Spence J. David
Published: June 2020

In 44 years of practicing stroke prevention, I have learned many lessons; in this article, I hope to impart some of them. Three areas of my research are discussed. Controlling resistant hypertension is markedly improved by physiologically individualized therapy based on renin/aldosterone phenotyping; this is particularly important in black patients. Measurement of carotid plaque burden strongly predicts cardiovascular risk and is useful for genetic research and for a process called treating arteries instead of risk factors. Doing so in high-risk patients with asymptomatic carotid stenosis was associated with a >80% reduction in the 2-year risk of stroke and myocardial infarction. It also permitted the identification of extremes of atherosclerosis that are useful for studying both the genetics and the biology of atherosclerosis. Patients with very high plaque burden despite low levels of risk factors have an unexplained phenotype; those with little or no plaque despite high levels of risk factors are protected. Patients with unexplained atherosclerosis have higher plasma levels of toxic metabolites produced by the intestinal microbiome largely from egg yolk, red meat, and protein, and those metabolites are renally excreted. This has important dietary implications for stroke prevention. Lowering of plasma total homocysteine with B vitamins significantly reduces the risk of stroke. That was not apparent in early studies because harm from cyanocobalamin among participants with renal failure obscured the benefit among those with good renal function. We should be using B vitamins to prevent stroke but should use methylcobalamin or oxocobalamin instead of cyanocobalamin.
Brain Structures and Cognitive Abilities Important for the Self-Monitoring of Speech Errors
Authors: Mandal Ayan S. , Fama Mackenzie E. , Skipper-Kallal Laura M. , DeMarco Andrew T. , Lacey Elizabeth H. , Turkeltaub Peter E.
Published: June 2020

The brain structures and cognitive abilities necessary for successful monitoring of one’s own speech errors remain unknown. We aimed to inform self-monitoring models by examining the neural and behavioral correlates of phonological and semantic error detection in individuals with post-stroke aphasia. First, we determined whether detection related to other abilities proposed to contribute to monitoring according to various theories, including naming ability, fluency, word-level auditory comprehension, sentence-level auditory comprehension, and executive function. Regression analyses revealed that fluency and executive scores were independent predictors of phonological error detection, while a measure of word-level comprehension related to semantic error detection. Next, we used multivariate lesion-symptom mapping to determine lesion locations associated with reduced error detection. Reduced overall error detection related to damage to a region of frontal white matter extending into dorsolateral prefrontal cortex. Detection of phonological errors related to damage to the same areas, but the lesion-behavior association was stronger, suggesting that the localization for overall error detection was driven primarily by phonological error detection. These findings demonstrate that monitoring of different error types relies on distinct cognitive functions, and provide causal evidence for the importance of frontal white matter tracts and the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex for self-monitoring of speech.
Sex recognition and agonistic strategies of male and female crayfish
Authors: Oyama Taiga , Momohara Yuto , Yano Hirona , Kamio Michiya , Fujiyama Naoyuki , Nagayama Toshiki
Published: June 2020

Intraspecific communication is essential for agonistic and mating behaviours. Agonistic strategy of males must change according to the sex of opponents and that of females is also dependent on their physiological state as to whether they are brooding or not. We have analysed here the agonistic encounters between pairs of male and female crayfish in various combinations to reveal the interaction between agonistic and mating behaviours. After male crayfish became dominant, they aggressively chased subordinate males with attacks, while they did not attack female opponents. Furthermore, the agonistic behaviour of males changed depending on whether females were ovigerous or not. On the other hand, two females showed intense combats despite being ovigerous or not. Crayfish discriminated the sex of opponents via chemical signals in the urine. However, the dominant and subordinate social order of crayfish had no effect on selecting mating partners.
The STEM Selfing Process: Nondigital and Digital Determinants of Aspirational STEM Futures
Authors: Robinson Laura
Published: June 2020

This article takes a fresh approach to analyzing the nondigital and digital sources of STEM (science, technology, engineering, and math) intent among low–socioeconomic status (SES) high school students attending a Title I public high school in agricultural California. Through a hybrid quantitative–qualitative analysis of data, STEM intent is examined vis-à-vis the selfing process. STEM intent is conceptualized as the product of identity work that can be supported by digital engagements of diverse types. STEM identity is built and reinforced by exposure to digital resources at home, aspirations related to computer programming, and digital activities, particularly programming and/or gaming for at least one hour per week. The linkages are demonstrated quantitatively through logistic regression models and qualitatively with excerpts from in-depth interviews with matched STEM intent students. The regression models show that both nondigital factors and digital engagements influence the odds of expressing STEM intent among high school seniors. As the qualitative analysis demonstrates, these determinants are intimately linked to identity work in which STEM intent students imagine themselves as creators in STEM fields. Digital engagements such as programming, gaming, and internet exposure all play a crucial part in the STEM selfing process in which students imagine their future STEM selves by bringing to life the role of STEM creator. In the article’s concluding discussion these findings are developed in a new theoretical direction as evidence for the agentic technological self.
Measuring Stability and Change in Personal Culture Using Panel Data
Authors: Kiley Kevin , Vaisey Stephen
Published: June 2020

Models of population-wide cultural change tend to invoke one of two broad models of individual change. One approach theorizes people actively updating their beliefs and behaviors in the face of new information. The other argues that, following early socialization experiences, dispositions are stable. We formalize these two models, elaborate empirical implications of each, and derive a simple combined model for comparing them using panel data. We test this model on 183 attitude and behavior items from the 2006 to 2014 rotating panels of the General Social Survey. The pattern of results is complex but more consistent with the settled dispositions model than with the active updating model. Most of the observed change in the GSS appears to be short-term attitude change or measurement error rather than persisting changes. When persistent change occurs, it is somewhat more likely to occur in younger people and for public behaviors and beliefs about high-profile issues than for private attitudes. We argue that we need both models in our theory of cultural evolution but that we need more research on the circumstances under which each is more likely to apply.
Evidence-Based Practice Competency and Related Factors Among Nurses Working in Public Hospitals
Authors: Fu Liang , Su Wei , Ye Xianghong , Li Ming , Shen Jun , Chen Chen , Guo Qi , Ye Liping , He Yuhong
Published: June 2020

This study aimed to describe the status and related factors of evidence-based practice (EBP) competency among nurses in China. A convenience sample of 1036 nurses were recruited from 13 public hospitals in Shanghai through an anonymous online survey. Nurses’ demographic data, working data, and evidence-based nursing (EBN)-related conditions were collected by a structured questionnaire and EBP competency was assessed using the Chinese version of Evidence-based Nursing Competency Rating Scale (EBNCRS). The original score of EBNCRS among nurses was not good. The original score of evidence searching, critical appraisal, and synthesis subscale was lower than the original score of evidence transfer, situation assessment, and evidence implementation subscale. Nurses’ age, hospital level, and perceived EBN knowledge were identified as significant related factors of EBP competency. There is an urgent need to upgrade the EBP competency of nurses in Shanghai, especially competency in evidence transfer, situation assessment, and evidence implementation.
Classification of Breast Masses on Ultrasound Shear Wave Elastography using Convolutional Neural Networks
Authors: Fujioka Tomoyuki , Katsuta Leona , Kubota Kazunori , Mori Mio , Kikuchi Yuka , Kato Arisa , Oda Goshi , Nakagawa Tsuyoshi , kitazume Yoshio , Tateishi Ukihide
Published: June 2020

We aimed to use deep learning with convolutional neural networks (CNNs) to discriminate images of benign and malignant breast masses on ultrasound shear wave elastography (SWE). We retrospectively gathered 158 images of benign masses and 146 images of malignant masses as training data for SWE. A deep learning model was constructed using several CNN architectures (Xception, InceptionV3, InceptionResNetV2, DenseNet121, DenseNet169, and NASNetMobile) with 50, 100, and 200 epochs. We analyzed SWE images of 38 benign masses and 35 malignant masses as test data. Two radiologists interpreted these test data through a consensus reading using a 5-point visual color assessment (SWEc) and the mean elasticity value (in kPa) (SWEe). Sensitivity, specificity, and area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) were calculated. The best CNN model (which was DenseNet169 with 100 epochs), SWEc, and SWEe had a sensitivity of 0.857, 0.829, and 0.914 and a specificity of 0.789, 0.737, and 0.763 respectively. The CNNs exhibited a mean AUC of 0.870 (range, 0.844–0.898), and SWEc and SWEe had an AUC of 0.821 and 0.855. The CNNs had an equal or better diagnostic performance compared with radiologist readings. DenseNet169 with 100 epochs, Xception with 50 epochs, and Xception with 100 epochs had a better diagnostic performance compared with SWEc ( P = 0.018–0.037). Deep learning with CNNs exhibited equal or higher AUC compared with radiologists when discriminating benign from malignant breast masses on ultrasound SWE.