bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Classification of classical Friedrichs differential operators: One-dimensional scalar case
Authors: Erceg Marko , Soni Sandeep Kumar
Published: July 2022

The theory of abstract Friedrichs operators, introduced by Ern, Guermond and Caplain (2007), proved to be a successful setting for studying positive symmetric systems of first order partial differential equations (Fried-richs, 1958), nowadays better known as Friedrichs systems. Recently, Antonić, Michelangeli and Erceg (2017) presented a purely operator-theoretic description of abstract Friedrichs operators, allowing for application of the universal operator extension theory (Grubb, 1968). In this paper we make a further theoretical step by developing a decomposition of the graph space (maximal domain) as a direct sum of the minimal domain and the kernels of corresponding adjoints. We then study one-dimensional scalar (classical) Friedrichs operators with variable coefficients and present a complete classification of admissible boundary conditions.
Summability in anisotropic mixed-norm Hardy spaces
Authors: Li Nan
Published: July 2022

Let $ H_A^{\vec{p}}(\mathbb{R}^n) $ be the anisotropic mixed-norm Hardy space, where $ \vec{p}\in(0, \infty)^n $ and $ A $ is a general expansive matrix on $ \mathbb{R}^n $. In this paper, a general summability method, the so-called $ \theta $-summability is considered for multi-dimensional Fourier transforms in $ H_A^{\vec{p}}(\mathbb{R}^n) $. Precisely, the author establishes the boundedness of maximal operators, induced by the so-called $ \theta $-means, from $ H_A^{\vec{p}}(\mathbb{R}^n) $ to the mixed-norm Lebesgue space $ L^{\vec{p}}(\mathbb{R}^n) $. As applications, some norm and almost everywhere convergence results of the $ \theta $-means are presented. Finally, the corresponding conclusions of two well-known specific summability methods, namely, Bochner–Riesz and Weierstrass means, are also obtained.
A parallel domain decomposition algorithm for fluid-structure interaction simulations of the left ventricle with patient-specific shape
Authors: Chang Yujia , Jiang Yi , Chen Rongliang
Published: July 2022

In this paper, we propose a scalable parallel algorithm for simulating the cardiac fluid-structure interactions (FSI) of a patient-specific human left ventricle. It provides an efficient forward solver to deal with the induced sub-problems in solving an inverse problem that can be used to quantify the interested parameters. The FSI between the blood flow and the myocardium is described in an arbitrary Lagrangian-Eulerian (ALU) framework, in which the velocity and stress are assumed being continuous across the fluid-structure interface. The governing equations are discretized by using a finite element method and a fully implicit backward Eulerian formula, and the resulting algebraic system is solved by using a parallel Newton-Krylov-Schwarz algorithm. We numerically show that the algorithm is robust with respect to multiple model parameters and scales well up to 2300 processor cores. The ability of the proposed method to produce qualitatively true prediction is also demonstrated via comparing the simulation results with the clinic data.
Solving a fractional differential equation via $ {\theta } $-contractions in ℜ-complete metric spaces
Authors: Javed Khalil , Arshad Muhammad , Baazeem Amani S. , Mlaiki Nabil
Published: July 2022

In this manuscript, we introduce the notion of ℜ$ \alpha $-$ \theta $-contractions and prove some fixed-point theorems in the sense of ℜ-complete metric spaces. These results generalize existing ones in the literature. Also, we provide some illustrative non-trivial examples and applications to a non-linear fractional differential equation.
Dynamic analysis of fractional-order neural networks with inertia
Authors: Li Zhiying , Jiang Wangdong , Zhang Yuehong
Published: July 2022

The existence and the S-asymptotic $ \omega $-periodic of the solution in fractional-order Cohen-Grossberg neural networks with inertia are studied in this paper. Based on the properties of the Riemann-Liouville (R-L) fractional-order derivative and integral, the contraction mapping principle, and the Arzela-Ascoli theorem, sufficient conditions for the existence and the S-asymptotic $ \omega $-period of the system are achieved. In addition, an example is simulated to testify the theorem.
Leadership and Organizational Culture in Football
Authors: Oliveira Tiago Vilaça , Ferreira Ana Paula
Published: July 2022

Football coaches often play a differentiating role for the clubs, helping them to survive in a demanding mediatic, changing, and competitive environment where innovation may arise regarding leadership. This chapter seeks to unveil the perceptions of football coaches as leaders and the role of the football clubs' organizational culture in affirming this leadership. Studies on leadership constitute a broad field of organizational and management theories, highlighting the role of personality traits, as well as the organizational and social contexts surrounding the leaders' actions. As there is no significant academic literature on football coaches and leadership, it was sought to explore the coaches' perceptions as leaders, as well as the influence of the clubs' organizational culture in which they developed their activity. Based on 22 interviews with football coaches of reference clubs, this chapter highlights their difficulties, demands, and needs to deal with their professional context.
Task Offloading Using Deep Reinforcement Learning for Edge IoT Networks
Authors: Bedi Pradeep , Goyal S. B. , Kumar Jugnesh
Published: July 2022

Edge computing is a type of distributed computing that was designed especially for internet of things (IoT) users to provide computational resources and data management nearby to users' devices. By introducing edge computing for IoT, networks have reduced the bandwidth and latency issue while handling real-time applications. The major benefit of edge computing is that it reduces the communication overhead between IoT user and server. With integration of IoT in our daily lives, it has attracted researchers towards its performance management such as complexity minimization, latency minimization, memory management, energy consumption minimization, etc. In this chapter, deep reinforcement learning is focused to minimize the computational complexity at IoT user end. The task offloading decision process is designed using Q-Learning, which minimizes the system cost and curse of high dimensional data. In addition, the proposed methodology will perform better as compared to existing algorithms with respect to system costs.
Ideologies and Democracy
Authors: Kıraç Ziya Kıvanç
Published: July 2022

Since democracy is accepted as one of the basic human values, some states and societies have accepted democracy as an ideal. However, the content of democracy has a different meaning for every ideology, every society, and every political system. In particular, ideologies tend to see democracy sometimes as an end and sometimes as a tool used to achieve another ideal. The mental worlds of cultures are conveyed by symbols that create simple shortcuts. Political symbolism is an important motif that draws the route of the bridge connecting a country's past to its future. Different perceptions of concepts such as democracy, human rights, freedom, and equality are related to the political culture codes of the relevant society. A liberal dimension of symbolism was examined in the example of the USA and its social dimension in the Soviet Union. France, as the father of nationalism, is also discussed with its experience of democracy. As one of the young nations, Turkey has been examined in terms of symbolism and democracy.
Democratic Peace Theory and Its Role in Practice on the Way of Providing International Security and Cooperation
Authors: Beruashvili Natalia
Published: July 2022

The theory of democratic peace was first invented by the German philosopher Immanuel Kant in his 1795 article “Permanent Peace.” In this paper, Kant argues that states with governments of constitutional republics are less likely to go to war because doing so requires the consent of the people who would be at war. While monarch kings and queens can unilaterally declare war, given the security of their subjects, a government elected by the people takes the decision more seriously. The United States first promoted the concepts of democratic peace theory in 1832 by adopting the Monroe Doctrine. In this historic part of international politics, the US has affirmed that it will not tolerate the attempts of European monarchies to colonize any democratic nation in North or South America.
Profiling the Citizens Based on Their Offline and Online Political Participation Level
Authors: Nasır Süphan , Şahin Onur , Kır Merve
Published: July 2022

Political participation is an important component of democracy. The aim of this study is to reveal the tendency of citizens' offline and online political participation. As a result of factor analysis, active participation, civic participation, and passive participation are determined as the dimensions of offline political participation. Political participation on social media is determined as two dimensions which are slacktivism and following up. Cluster analysis was used to identify political participation typologies based on the dimensions of offline and online political participation. Four clusters were identified, namely politicized citizens, politically mindful citizens, politically concerned followers, and apolitical citizens. Politicized citizens explicitly express their political tendencies without any hesitation. Politically mindful citizens are aware of the manipulative power of social media so that they do not actively participate politics on social media. Politically concerned citizens only follow political issues passively, and finally, apolitical citizens do not have an interest in politics.
International Humanitarian Law
Authors: Tseruashvili Mary
Published: July 2022

The purpose of this chapter is to analyze the international humanitarian law and its effectiveness in contemporary conflicts. In particular, it focuses on the analysis of the challenges that international humanitarian law faces in contemporary international or non-international armed hostilities. While the ongoing progress in the modern world offers new challenges, the issue of the effectiveness of humanitarian law becomes controversial. Therefore, the chapter presents an academic paper, and it is based on the analysis of the various articles, reports, analytical papers, and case studies, depending on which it became possible to answer the main research question and to demonstrate the effectiveness of international humanitarian law enforcement mechanisms in modern conflicts.
The Merits of a Chief Diversity Officer (CDO)
Authors: El-Amin Abeni
Published: July 2022

Developing an enterprise training program requires a commitment to cultivating diversity, equity, inclusion, and belonging (DEIB) organizational initiatives while providing alignment to the organizational mission, vision, and ethos. With this knowledge, enterprise training programs benefit organizations by fostering authentic cultures to resolve persistent issues of bias, implicit bias, and offenses of corporate policies. As a value, organizational leadership must lead and champion diversity initiatives to ensure stakeholders understand the importance of complying with organizational policies. The problem is that effective DEIB initiatives need implementation or an overhaul. Institutional DEIB initiatives fail because they have yet to identify the rationale for program development, provide financial investment, indicate specific and measurable program improvements, identify appropriate stakeholders to achieve institutional goals, and ensure implementation of streamlined program processes so that facilitators have needed administrative, instructional, and professional support.
Culturally Relevant Mentoring
Authors: Wilson Thomas Sylvia , Johnson Austin Saundra , Lane Tonisha B. , Rowley Alishea , Watson Allyson L. , Walker Brenda L. , Kos Lidia , Dome Christine , Mariella-Walrond Helena , Lee-Thomas Gwen
Published: July 2022

This chapter presents an overview and a conceptual approach of culturally relevant mentoring at an institution of higher learning from the lens of the authors. There are various types of mentoring approaches that demonstrate the opportunity for institutional leaders to align their strategic initiatives with the academic and career success of dissertators, postdoctoral researchers, and early career faculty. This work places a focus on culturally relevant mentoring as a tactical approach for creating strategic dialogue of critical consciousness to produce core values, institutional commitments, and strategic plans that reflect the culture of all stakeholders. Culturally relevant mentoring promotes active acknowledgement of cultural contributions, inclusive social context, and equitable and just strategies for institutional climate change that will differentiate an institution from its peers in higher education.
Inducing Long-Term, Positive Behavior Change
Authors: Tranchina Derek , Terenfenko Charles , Mulvaney Tracy
Published: July 2022

The focus of this chapter is to highlight two different transformational change initiatives in public schools that rely on student leadership to be effective. Both programs will explore effective ways to empower students as leaders, to make better social decisions, and to improve their attachment to school and community. One program involves a student-led technology club in a middle school. The goal of the club is to assist with the school's technology usage while also making a positive impact on participating students' achievement and attachment to school. The other program involves educating high school students on the risks of heroin and opioid addiction. Both programs seek to leverage student empowerment to induce long-term, positive behavior change in the students directly involved as well as those around them.
Effect of Intra-Band Tunneling on the Performance of Lead-Free Sn-Based Perovskite Solar Cell Using SCAPS-1D Simulator
Authors: Chakraborty Kunal , Paul Samrat
Published: July 2022

This chapter presents the tunneling mechanism of electron and hole in the junction between absorbing layer and electron transport layer (ETL), which has an impact on the performance of devices in terms of quantum efficiency. In the present work, SCAPS-1D simulator is used to understand the effect of tunneling mechanism between the layers numerically. The most promising thin film-based lead-free Perovskite solar cells (PSCs) is the tin-based solar cell, which has tuneable band gap between 1.2 to 1.4 eV, and it can be used as both single junction and tandem structures.
Intelligent Systems in Latest DFA Compression Methods for DPC
Authors: Kumar K. Vinoth , Prithi S. , K. Vinodha
Published: July 2022

The vast majority of the system security application in today's systems depend on deep packet inspection. In recent years, regular expression matching has been used as an important operator that examines whether or not the packet's payload can be matched with a group of predefined regular expression. Regular expressions are parsed using the deterministic finite automata representations. Conversely, to represent regular expression sets as DFA, the system needs large amount of memory, an excessive amount of time, or an excessive amount of per flow state limiting their practical applications. In this chapter, the intelligent optimization grouping algorithms (IOGA) are discussed to resolve the state blow up problem. As a result of using IOGA, the system provides memory-efficient automata by dispensing the regular expression sets in various groups and optimizing the DFAs.
Investigation of Threats, Vulnerabilities, Attacks, and Approaches in Wireless Sensor Networks
Authors: P. Chaya , K. S. Nandini Prasad
Published: July 2022

Wireless sensor networks (WSN) have emerged as significant technology that has been adopted in various research fields to monitor the physical environments and collect information from the surroundings. However, WSNs are more vulnerable to attacks owing to their significant characteristics, including dynamicity in network topology and resource constraints. Multiple methods have been investigated to efficiently identify the different types of threats and attacks over the WSN. However, most of the existing works focus on a specific type of attack detection and lack in analyzing their performance. This survey highlights the significant functionalities of WSN, applications, and security requirements. From the viewpoint of security measurements, the authors have classified the survey study as security towards data collections and routing in WSN. Also, various security attacks based on protocol stack layers are classified. Finally, the authors have emphasized the significant security challenges in this research field based on the prior studies followed by the conclusion.
“Serendipity Engineering for Seductive Hypermedia” and “User Analysis Using Socialnomics”
Authors: Bishop Jonathan , Goode Mark M. H.
Published: July 2022

This chapter expends the application of the ecological cognition framework to serendipity engineering, seductive hypermedia, user analysis, and socialnomics. It updates the theory to better account for the advances in computational science computational intelligence. In terms of ‘serendipity engineering for seductive hypermedia', the chapter looks at how to design information systems to account for the pleasant occurrences that happen in offline environments studied by those in sales and marketing where beneficial outcomes often occur by chance encounters. In terms of ‘user analysis using socialnomics', it looks at how a parametric user model based on the ecological framework can be used to understand users of information systems. To do this, a number of socialnomics equations based on the parametric user model are explored, including to calculate probability of seduction and probability of serendipity in an information system. The parametric model presented has great applicability for information and communications technology solution providers.
WDM Systems
Authors: Sharma Neeraj
Published: July 2022

A communication system transmits and receives information from one place to another, where the separation between transmitter and receiver may be of few kilometers or transoceanic distances. Fiber-optic communication is one of such communication systems where optical fibers are deployed for information transmission. The capacity of a fiber-optic communication system is very high since it has large carrier frequency (Capacity~100 THz) in the visible or near-infrared region of the electromagnetic spectrum. The transmission of multiple optical channels over the same fiber has provided a simple way to extend the system capacity. Channel multiplexing can be achieved through time-division multiplexing (TDM) or frequency division multiplexing (FDM). In optical communication, FDM is known as wavelength division multiplexing (WDM). This chapter includes the discussion about the working principle of the WDM system, WDM components, classification of WDM system, and other supporting technologies.
Applied Holistic Mathematical Models for Dynamic Systems (AHMM4DS)
Authors: Trad Antoine
Published: July 2022

In this article, the author presents the applied holistic mathematical model for the support of dynamic system (AHMM4DS) transformation and integration processes. The AHMM4DS is based on a mixed research method that is supported by a mainly a qualitative research approach, where the main goal is to insure a strategic business competitive advantage. The AHMM4DS uses a natural programming language (NLP) and factors to support a central reasoning engine and a distributed enterprise architecture project's (EAP) concept. This article's proof of concept (PoC) presents the transformation of a dynamic systems, where the central point is the transformation of their services. A DS is managed by a transformation manager, who uses a methodology and a framework that can support and estimate the risks of implementation of a transformation process. Then he uses it to solve various types of problems. The manager is also responsible for the implementation of the DS, and during its implementation phase a transformation framework is needed.
Influence of positive end-expiratory pressure on arterial blood pressure in mechanically ventilated trauma patients in the field
Authors: Herff Holger , Krappinger Dietmar , Paal Peter , Voelckel Wolfgang G. , Wenzel Volker , Trimmel Helmut
Published: July 2022

Ventilation with positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) may result in decreased venous return to the heart and therefore decrease cardiac output. We evaluated the influence of PEEP ventilation on arterial blood pressure in the field in 296 posttraumatic intubated patients being treated by a helicopter emergency medical service in a retrospective cohort study. Initial systolic blood pressure on the scene, upon hospital admission and their mean difference were compared between patients being ventilated with no/low PEEP (0–0.3 kPa) and moderate PEEP (0.3–1 kPa). In a subgroup analysis of initially hemodynamic unstable patients (systolic blood pressure < 80 mmHg), systolic blood pressure was compared between patients being ventilated with no/low or moderate PEEP Further, the mean difference between initial systolic blood pressure and upon hospital admission was correlated with the chosen PEEP. Systolic arterial blood pressure of patients being ventilated with no/low PEEP improved from 105 ± 36 mmHg to 112 ± 38 mmHg, and that of patients being ventilated with moderate PEEP improved from 105 ± 38 mmHg to 119 ± 27 mmHg. In initially unstable patients being ventilated with no/low PEEP systolic blood pressure improved from initially 55 ± 36 mmHg to 78 ± 30 mmHg upon hospital admission, and in those being ventilated with moderate PEEP, the systolic blood pressure improved from 43 ± 38 mmHg to 91 ± 27 mmHg. There was no significant correlation between the chosen PEEP and the mean difference of systolic blood pressure (Pearson’s correlation, r = 0.07, P = 0.17). Ventilation with moderate PEEP has no adverse effect on arterial systolic blood pressure in this cohort of trauma patients requiring mechanical ventilation. Initially unstable patients being ventilated with moderate PEEP tend to be hemodynamically more stable.
Trend of research on the medical use of molecular hydrogen
Authors: Li He , Ma Hong-Yu , Hua Wei-Long , Zhang Yong-Xin , Zhang Lei , Xing Peng-Fei , Yang Peng-Fei , Liu Jian-Min
Published: July 2022

The medical use of molecular hydrogen, including hydrogen-rich water and hydrogen gas, has been extensively explored since 2007. This article aimed to demonstrate the trend in medical research on molecular hydrogen. A total of 1126 publications on hydrogen therapy were retrieved from the PubMed database until July 30, 2021. From 2007 to 2020, the number of publications in this field had been on an upward trend. Medical Gas Research, Scientific Report and Shock have contributed the largest number of publications on this topic. Researchers by the name of Xue-Jun Sun, Ke-Liang Xie and Yong-Hao Yu published the most studies in the field. Analysis of the co-occurrence of key words indicated that the key words “molecular hydrogen,” “hydrogen-rich water,” “oxidative stress,” “hydrogen gas,” and “inflammation” occurred most frequently in these articles. “Gut microbiota,” “pyroptosis,” and “COVID-19” occurred the most recently among the keywords. In summary, the therapeutic application of molecular hydrogen had attracted much attention in these years. The advance in this field could be caught up by subscribing to relevant journals or following experienced scholars. Oxidative stress and inflammation were the most important research directions currently, and gut microbiota, pyroptosis, and coronavirus disease 2019 might become hotspots in the future.
Parents/Caregivers’ Perceptions Towards use of Analgesic Suppositories in Paediatric Elective Surgery
Authors: Mgoqo Nondwe , Mogane Palesa , Chakane Palesa Motshabi
Published: July 2022

Introduction:

Despite the benefits of analgesic suppositories, there remains controversy around their administration. The perceptions of the parents and caregivers regarding this are unknown in our population. We investigated the perceptions of parents/caregivers towards the use of analgesic suppositories in elective paediatric surgery. We also explored whether parents/caregivers perceived a need for additional consent for the administration of suppositories.

Materials and Methods:

This was a prospective cross-sectional study conducted at Charlotte Maxeke Johannesburg Academic Hospital, South Africa. The primary outcome was to describe perceptions of parents/caregivers towards analgesic suppositories. Questionnaire-guided interviews were conducted with parents/caregivers of children presenting for elective paediatric surgery.

Results:

Three hundred and one parents/caregivers were enrolled in the study. Two hundred and sixty-two (87%) were female and 174 (13%) were male. Two hundred and seventy-six (92%) were parents and 24 (9%) were caregivers. There was a high level of acceptability of suppository use in 243 (81%) parents/caregivers. Majority (235, 78%) felt that they should be asked for permission before their child was given a suppository, and more than half (134, 57%) expressed that it should be in a written consent format. The parents/caregivers did not believe that suppositories would cause pain (unadjusted odds ratio [uOR]: 2.49; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.29–4.79; P = 0.006) but were unsure whether they would relieve post-operative pain (uOR: 0.25; 95% CI: 0.11–0.57; P = 0.001). Those who had previously used a suppository themselves were significantly more likely to accept the use of suppositories in children (uOR: 4.34; 95% CI: 1.56–12.07; P = 0.005).

Conclusion:

There was a high level of acceptability of the use of analgesic suppositories. Our population showed a unique preference for written consent over verbal consent. There was a strong positive association between previous use of suppositories by parents/caregivers and acceptance for use in children.
Going Back to the Roots
Authors: Mabele Mathew Bukhi , Krauss Judith E. , Kiwango Wilhelm
Published: July 2022

Given growing human influence on the earth system's functioning, caring for nature has never been this critical. However, whether for economic interests or ‘wilderness’ preservation, attempts to save nature have been grounded on a Western scientific philosophy of separating it from people's ways of living, especially through ‘protected areas'. Under the banner ‘convivial conservation', which advocates socio-ecological justice and structural transformations in the global economic system, an alternative idea called ‘promoted areas’ has been proposed, advocating for conservation which promotes nature for, to, and by humans. Here, we argue that ‘promoted areas’ are best fitted with decolonial thinking in conservation science and practice. In southern Africa, one available ‘decolonial option’ is Ubuntu philosophy, which is anchored on the ethical principle of promoting life through mutual caring and sharing between and among humans and nonhumans. Ubuntu disengages from western ways of knowing about human–environment interactions, as it is predicated on promoting the many links between humans and nonhumans. From this, we argue that instituted through Ubuntu, ‘promoted areas’ re-initiate a harmony between human beings and physical nature, as practices of individualistic, excessive extractions of nonhuman nature are discouraged, and human–nonhuman relationships based on respect, solidarity, and collaboration are celebrated.
Functional Outcome of Open Reduction and Internal Fixation of Intra-Articular Distal Radial Fractures by Volar Locking Plate
Authors: Kumar Upendra
Published: July 2022

Background:

Intra-articular fracture of the distal end of the radius can be treated by various methods. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the functional outcomes of open reduction and internal fixation (ORIF) by volar locking plate (VLP) of intra-articular distal radial fractures.

Materials and Methods:

This is a single centre retrospective study conducted from April 2017 to May 2019 on adult patients having intra-articular distal radius fractures, who were treated by ORIF with VLP. As per medical records, the number of such patients for the study was 12. The fractures were classified as per the Frykman classification system. After operation, patients were followed up for a minimum of 24 weeks. Functional evaluation of the patients was done at the last follow-up according to the demerit point system of Gartland and Werley.

Results:

Twelve adult patients of intra-articular distal radius fractures were analysed retrospectively for functional outcomes of ORIF with VLP. The age ranged from 22 to 54 years, and males outnumbered females by a ratio of 2:1. The commonest mode of injury was found to be road traffic accidents (75%). The fractures were classified as per the Frykman classification system. Type III was the most common (50%), followed by Type IV (25%). The majority of the cases (58.3%) were operated in 2–5 days following injury. The mean time for union was 8 weeks. Functionally 11 (91.3%) patients had satisfactory (excellent + good) result at the final follow-up.

Conclusion:

ORIF with volar locking plate is a reliable, efficient, and rewarding procedure for intra-articular fracture of distal radius as it allows stable fixation with restoration of anatomy and function.
Management of Hip Dislocation Following DHS Fixation
Authors: Saha Nabarun , Roy Amarendra Nath , Garg Anant Kumar , Hazra Sunit , Kumar Sanjay
Published: July 2022

Dynamic hip screw (DHS) is an excellent implant for fixation of intertrochanteric fracture which helps the fracture components to slide together and impact, thus converting shearing force to compressive force. However, increased bending load over medial femoral cortex, excessive collapse at the fracture site, and unwanted rotation of proximal fragment lead to some cases of failure. Dislocation of hip following DHS fixation is the rarest of rare complications and probably not reported in literatures. We present one such case managed by two-staged total hip replacement using stability-range of motion prosthesis.
Intravitreal ranibizumab for postlaser anterior segment ischemia in retinopathy of prematurity
Authors: Vedantham Vasumathy
Published: July 2022

This case report documents the successful management of anterior segment ischemia, a very rare complication following laser in retinopathy of prematurity (ROP), by intravitreal injection of Ranibizumab, an anti-vascular endothelial growth factor agent. This is the first report as per MEDLINE search on the use and efficacy of bilateral intravitreal injection of Ranibizumab in anterior segment ischemia postlaser in ROP.
Bug alert! A case report and review of literature on bilateral phthiriasis palpebrarum
Authors: Patel Shivani H. , Shah Ankit V. , Singh Shwetambari , Purohit Dipali , Patel Rutul , Hindocha Shivani
Published: July 2022

We report a case of phthiriasis palpebrarum in an immunocompetent individual along with the review of the literature. A 61-year-old woman presented with a 2-month history of itching and burning sensation in both eyes. Examination revealed lice and nits anchored to the eyelashes with a mild follicular conjunctival reaction and no evidence of discharge. The patient recovered fully within 2 weeks after manual removal of the lice and crusts along with topical antibiotic ointment and oral ivermectin, with no evidence of lice or nits on follow-up. This study suggests that patients presenting with itching of the eyelids and other asthenopic symptoms should be carefully examined by slit-lamp examination, to not miss out on unusual diagnoses such as found in this case.
Thyroid nodule location and the risk of thyroid cancer: What do we know?
Authors: Jasim Sina , Gharib Hossein
Published: July 2022

Thyroid nodules are common in clinical practice and are routinely evaluated with neck ultrasound. Multiple guidelines rely on sonographic features to assist physicians when deciding if nodules require observation or fine-needle aspiration (FNA). Existing classification systems for risk stratification of thyroid nodules are different but equally accurate. The purpose of this article is to review the significance of thyroid nodule location as an important factor in assessing the risk of malignancy. Several topical issues are addressed. (1) Thyroid nodule location and risk of differentiated thyroid cancer, (2) Thyroid nodule location and risk of nodal metastasis, (3) Thyroid nodule location and surgical approach, (4) Thyroid nodule location and stratifications systems (5) Conclusions and future direction. In conclusion, it is advisable not to reply solely on ultrasound-derived risk levels when evaluating thyroid nodules to determine optimal management including nodule FNA, follow-up or no additional intervention. This is likely because other clinically important features might not be accounted for when using those risk stratification algorithms. There are now reasonable data to suggest thyroid nodule location may be an additional prognostic predictor. In the lack of clear radiologic guidance, clinical judgment remains the main driving factor.
Anthropometric and Micronutrient Assessment in Pediatric Patients with Cleft Lip and Palate in a Tertiary Care Hospital of Haryana, India
Authors: Sadadiwala Shikha , Richa  , Sharma Shashi , George Antan , Kumari Reena , Gaba Ankush
Published: July 2022

ABSTRACT

Introduction:

Cleft lip (CL) and/or cleft palate (CP) are the most common visible craniofacial anomalies throughout the world. CL and CP occur due to a failure of the skeletal components of the mid-face to fuse. The affected individual may have an isolated defect or a combination of both. These children can be undernourished due to feeding difficulties after birth. The growth problems of children with clefts have largely been attributed to inadequate nutrition. The aim of the study is to assess the anthropometric status and micronutrient deficiencies in children with cleft lip and palate.

Methods:

This is a cross-sectional study of 18 months duration conducted at SGT medical college, Gurugram, a tertiary care center in Haryana, India between June 2020 to December 2021 involving the assessment of patients with cleft lip and palate between the age of 3 months to 5 years of either gender who visited pediatric unit for complete evaluation before surgery. A total of 100 patients were enrolled in the study and the following information was recorded: age, gender, hemoglobin, serum vitamin D3 level, serum ferritin, and serum vitamin B12 level.

Results:

A total of 100 patients were included in the study, of which, 53 (53%) were males and 47 (47%) were females. Anthropometrically, in our study, 83% of patients had moderate to severe wasting, according to WHO classification. Anemia was prevalent in 71.1% of cases in the current study. Vitamin D3 deficiency was seen in 88% of the study population, while 37% of cases had Vitamin B12 deficiency. The correlation between anthropometric assessment and nutritional deficiency suggested that children of cleft lip and palate with severe wasting had significant iron deficiency anemia as well as vitamin B12 deficiency. However, vitamin D deficiency was not statistically significant in severe wasting group.

Conclusion:

A large number of children with cleft lip and/or palate are not exclusively breastfed due to anatomical deficits. They need supplemental Iron and vitamin D to meet the demands. Macro and micronutrient deficiencies along with recurrent infections, lead to moderate to severe wasting and stunting in these children causing severe malnutrition with complications and failure to thrive.
Expression of aldehyde dehydrogenase 1A1 in oral squamous cell carcinoma and its correlation with clinicopathological parameters
Authors: Gupta Vaibhav , Maurya Malti Kumari , Agarwal Preeti , Kumar Madhu , Sagar Mala , Raghuvanshi Shivanjali , Gupta Sameer
Published: July 2022

Background:

Aldehyde dehydrogenase 1A1 (ALDH1A1) is a key aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH) isozyme, related to the cancer stem cells which are responsible for initiating tumor growth, progression, and recurrence. High expression of ALDH1A1 has been reported in several tumor types in humans and its expression is associated with poor prognosis. The aim of this study was to assess the expression of the ALDH1A1 in oral squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) and its correlation with various clinicopathological parameters.

Materials and Methods:

ALDH1A1 expression was analyzed by using immunohistochemistry on paraffin blocks of 112 cases of primary oral SCC and their corresponding 68 lymph nodes with metastatic deposits. ALDH1A1 expression was also correlated with various clinicopathological parameters. Statistical analysis was done with statistical analysis software, the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences version 21.0.

Results:

High ALDH1A1 expression was observed in 31.2% of cases of primary oral SCC as compared to 73.5% in lymph node metastasis. A statistically significant difference (P = 0.04) was observed in high TNM stages (68.6%) of the tumor as compared to low TNM stages (31.4%). However, histopathological grades of tumor showed nonsignificant correlation with ALDH1A1 expression (P = 0.093). 40.2% of patients were expired at the end of the study, and the rate of mortality was significantly higher (P = 0.01) in patients with high ALDH1A1 expression as compared to low expression (60.0% vs. 31.2%).

Conclusion:

High ALDH1A1 expression was associated with higher TNM tumor stage and high nodal stage. It was also associated with high mortality rate which validates it as a marker of invasiveness and poor prognosis in oral SCC.
Effect of yoga nidra on the brain activity in individuals with migraine
Authors: Shashikiran H. C. , Shetty Prashanth , Akshay R. , Venugopal Avani , Shetty Shivaprasad
Published: July 2022

Background:

Migraine is a frequent neurological problem that carries the largest burden in terms of years spent disabled among neurological conditions. The conventional management has not been able to successfully treat migraine and hence, there was a need for combating these disorders through conventional therapies like yoga with an evidence-based approach. As there are only few evidence in this aspect, this research aims at finding evidence for yoga and naturopathy on migraine.

Materials and Methods:

Participants (n = 60) were randomly allocated into two groups, control group (n = 30) and intervention group (n = 30). The intervention group received Yoga Nidra and the control group was given supine rest (Rest without conscious awareness). The electroencephalogram data were recorded both at baseline and postintervention for both groups. The data were analyzed using SPSS version 20.0 (IBM Corp. Released 2011. IBM SPSS Statistics for Windows, Armonk, NY: IBM Corp), and the results were tabulated.

Results:

The results of the current study showed increased frequency in alpha waves in the interventional group compared to the control group. The control group showed no significant changes in the brain activity.

Conclusion:

The results indicate that Yoga Nidra induces relaxation through enhanced alpha waves. This shows that Yoga Nidra helps in parasympathetic dominance and hence decreases sympathetic activation. Hence, this study suggests that Yoga Nidra could be used as an effective tool in combating stress and neuropsychiatric symptoms in migraine patients.
Meditation and its practice in Vedic scriptures and early Taoism scriptures
Authors: Wang Zanyi , Rawat Vikas , Yu Xinli , Panda Ramesh Chandra
Published: July 2022

Meditation is one of the oldest spiritual practices in ancient India and China. It refers to a process of purifying the mind through a series of practices, developing inner wisdom to attain spiritual freedom. In ancient Indian Vedic scriptures, meditation practice was described as the initial practice of Dhāraṇ ā (concentration) and Dhyāna (meditation), and in ancient Chinese early Taoism scriptures described as Sitting and forgetting, and Fasting of the mind. Various modern scientific studies have proven the physiological and psychological effects of meditation. This study starts with the original concepts of meditation in Vedic and early Taoism scriptures to analyze the origin of thoughts, purposes, practice methods, characteristics, and results; and compare the similarities and differences of both meditation practices.
Essential but seldom taught Yogāṅgas
Authors: Soneji Radha , Hankey Alex , Sridhar Melukote Krishnamurthy , Nagendra H. R.
Published: July 2022

Context:

The theme of the 7th International Day of Yoga on June 21, 2021, was “Yoga For Wellness,” focusing on practice of yoga for physical and mental well-being. Since the concept of such a celebration was suggested by the UN General Assembly in 2014, yoga teaching has blossomed in almost all nations. However, a loss of rigor in the treatment of traditional yoga has resulted. Commercial aspects have reduced yoga to physical, breathing, and concentration exercises.

Aims:

The aim of this paper is to discuss three neglected Yogaṅgas, the Yamāḥ, Niyamāḥ and Pratyahāraḥ, and their potential benefits (siddhi) for society in the world today.

Materials and Methods:

We consulted four different reputed translations of Patanjali Yoga Sutra, during which, we generally hit on new, previously untreated aspects of the Sanskrit text.

Results:

Using an holistic perspective on the whole text, we provide new translations of pāda II's twenty sūtras concerning the Yamāḥ, Niyamāḥ, and Pratyahāraḥ. Practices to inculcate each of them are also explained.

Conclusions:

Traditional yoga highlights the important need to build a good character and helps develop the self-discipline to achieve high levels of both balance of mind and presence of mind; i.e., to live in the present moment, with union (yoga) of mind and body, and of thoughts, words and action, and lead a life of integrated restful alertness.
Single-Nucleotide Polymorphisms in the Beta-Tubulin Gene and Its Relationship with Treatment Response to Albendazole in Human Soil-Transmitted Helminths in Southern Mozambique
Authors: Grau-Pujol Berta , Gandasegui Javier , Escola Valdemiro , Marti-Soler Helena , Cambra-Pellejà Maria , Demontis Maria , Brienen Eric A. T. , Jamine Jose Carlos , Muchisse Osvaldo , Cossa Anelsio , Sacoor Charfudin , Cano Jorge , Van Lieshout Lisette , Martinez-Valladares Maria , Muñoz Jose
Published: July 2022

Soil-transmitted helminth (STH) cornerstone control strategy is mass drug administration (MDA) with benzimidazoles. However, MDA might contribute to selection pressure for anthelmintic resistance, as occurred in livestock. The aim of this study is to evaluate the treatment response to albendazole and the relationship with the presence of putative benzimidazole resistance single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the β-tubulin gene of STH in Southern Mozambique. After screening 819 participants, we conducted a cohort study with 184 participants infected with STH in Manhiça district, Southern Mozambique. A pretreatment and a posttreatment stool samples were collected and the STH infection was identified by duplicate Kato-Katz and quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). Cure rate and egg reduction rates were calculated. Putative benzimidazole resistance SNPs (F167Y, F200T, and E198A) in Trichuris trichiura and Necator americanus were assessed by pyrosequencing. Cure rates by duplicate Kato-Katz and by qPCR were 95.8% and 93.6% for Ascaris lumbricoides, 28% and 7.8% for T. trichiura, and 88.9% and 56.7% for N. americanus. Egg reduction rate by duplicate Kato-Katz was 85.4% for A. lumbricoides, 34.9% for T. trichiura, and 40.5% for N. americanus. Putative benzimidazole resistance SNPs in the β-tubulin gene were detected in T. trichiura (23%) and N. americanus (21%) infected participants at pretreatment. No statistical difference was observed between pretreatment and posttreatment frequencies for none of the SNPs. Although treatment response to albendazole was low, particularly in T. trichiura, the putative benzimidazole resistance SNPs were not higher after treatment in the population studied. New insights are needed for a better understanding and monitoring of human anthelmintic resistance.
Why Climate Action Is Global Health Action
Authors: _ _
Published: July 2022

The impacts of climate change on global health and populations are far-reaching, yet they disproportionately affect vulnerable groups, thereby exacerbating disparities. As humanity reckons with the emergency of climate change, our global health community needs to contend with our own contributions to greenhouse gas emissions. We know that transformation is possible and that climate action is the antidote to the existential challenge. As a global health community, we have an immense opportunity, responsibility, and commitment to lead, support, inspire, and empower climate action, research, and innovation that align deeply with our mission and core values.
Field-of-view correction in a VR HMD display with varifocal optics
Authors: Piszczek Marek , Suchecki Kacper , Kucharczyk Aleksandra , Pomianek Mateusz , Maciejewski Marcin , Jodłowski Leon , Krukowski Piotr
Published: July 2022

Nowadays, we observe a progressive increase amount of virtual technologies application. VR devices, i.e. HMDs, are still struggling with the VAC. It is possible to “implement” the accommodation mechanism in HMDs using a varifocal system. By using focus tuneable lenses, we achieve high speed and smoothness of displacement of the virtual image plane. This solution involves also unfavourable changes of geometrical parameters of the projected image i.e. change in magnification. This can be solved by software modification parameters of the virtual camera. In this paper, the developed construction of varifocal HMD is presented, including the method of maintaining the constancy magnification. Full Text: PDF ReferencesY-J. Wang , Y-H. Lin, "Liquid crystal technology for vergenceaccommodation conflicts in augmented reality and virtual reality systems: a review", Liq. Cryst. Rev. 9. 35 (2021). CrossRef P.P. Monticone, M. Menozzi, M. Schlup, "Instrument for high-speed recording of accommodation of the human eye", Biomed. Tech. 55: 83 (2010). CrossRef G. Kramida, "Resolving the vergence-accommodation confict in headmounted displays", IEEE Trans. Vis. Comput. Graph. 22, 1912 (2016). CrossRef S. Shiwa, K. Omura, and F. Kishino, "Proposal for a 3-D display with accommodative compensation: 3DDAC," J. Soc. Inf. Disp. 4, 255 (1996). CrossRef K. Rathinavel, G. Wetzstein, H. Fuchs, "Varifocal Occlusion-Capable Optical See-through Augmented Reality Display based on Focus-tunable Optics," IEEE Trans. Vis. Comput. Graph. 25, 3125 (2019). CrossRef