bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Integration of Blockchain and AI: Exploring Application in the Digital Business
Authors: Xuan Teo Rong , Ness Stephanie
Published: August 2023

Artificial intelligence (AI) and blockchain are two disruptive technologies that have emerged from the Fourth Industrial Revolution (IR4.0) and have brought about significant transformations in the industry. The convergence of artificial intelligence (AI) with blockchain technology presents significant opportunities for the development of novel business models facilitated by digitalization. The current body of research pertaining to the integration of artificial intelligence (AI) with blockchain technology is available, although there is a lack of comprehensive understanding of the practicality and effectiveness of this integration within the business context. In order to bridge this existing knowledge gap, the primary objective of this research endeavor is to comprehensively analyze and delineate the various applications and advantages of integrated artificial intelligence (AI) and blockchain platforms within diverse sectors of the business industry.
A Study on the Improvement of Wave and Storm Surge Predictions Using a Forecasting Model and Parametric Model: a Case Study on Typhoon Chaba
Authors: Yuk Jin-Hee , Joh Minsu
Published: August 2023

High waves and storm surges due to tropical cyclones cause great damage in coastal areas; therefore, accurately predicting storm surges and high waves before a typhoon strike is crucial. Meteorological forcing is an important factor for predicting these catastrophic events. This study presents an improved methodology for determining accurate meteorological forcing. Typhoon Chaba, which caused serious damage to the south coast of South Korea in 2016, was selected as a case study. In this study, symmetric and asymmetric parametric vortex models based on the typhoon track forecasted by the Model for Prediction Across Scales (MPAS) were used to create meteorological forcing and were compared with those models based on the best track. The meteorological fields were also created by blending the meteorological field from the symmetric / asymmetric parametric vortex models based on the MPAS-forecasted typhoon track and the meteorological field generated by the forecasting model (MPAS). This meteorological forcing data was then used given to two-way coupled tide-surge-wave models: Advanced CIRCulation (ADCIRC) and Simulating Waves Nearshore (SWAN). The modeled storm surges and waves correlated well with the observations and were comparable to those predicted using the best track. Based on our analysis, we propose using the parametric model with the MPAS-forecasted track, the meteorological field from the same forecasting model, and blending them to improve storm surge and wave prediction.
Physical Model Experiment for Estimating Wave Overtopping on a Vertical Seawall under Regular Wave Conditions for On-Site Measurements
Authors: Yoo Dong-Hoon , Lee Young-Chan , Kim Do-Sam , Lee Kwang-Ho
Published: August 2023

Apart from implementing hardware solutions like raising the crest freeboard of coastal structures to efficiently counter wave-overtopping, there is a simultaneous requirement for software-driven disaster mitigation strategies. These tactics involve the swift and accurate dissemination of wave-overtopping information to the inland regions of coastal zones, enabling the regulation of evacuation procedures and movement. In this study, a method was proposed to estimate wave-overtopping by utilizing the temporal variation of wave heights exceeding the structure’s crown level, with the aim of developing an on-site wave measurement system for providing wave-overtopping information in the field. Laboratory model experiments were conducted on vertical seawall structures to measure wave-overtopping volumes and wave runup heights under different wave conditions and structural freeboard variations. By assuming that the velocity of water inundation on the top of the structure during wave-overtopping events is equivalent to the long-wave velocity, an overtopping discharge coefficient was introduced. This coefficient was utilized to estimate the rate of wave-overtopping based on the temporal changes in wave runup heights measured at the top of the structure. Upon reasonably calculating the overtopping discharge coefficient, it was verified that the estimation of wave-overtopping could be achieved solely based on the wave runup heights.
The accumulation of myeloid‐derived suppressor cells participates in abdominal infection‐induced tumor progression through the PD‐L1/PD‐1 axis
Authors: Wang Yiding , Guo Ting , Xing Xiaofang , Liu Xijuan , Gan Xuejun , Li Yingai , Liu Yan , Shan Fei , Wu Zhouqiao , Ji Jiafu , Li Ziyu
Published: January 2025

Gastric cancer (GC) is the third leading cause of cancer‐related deaths worldwide, with gastrectomy being the primary treatment option. Sepsis, a systemic inflammatory response to infection, may influence tumor growth by creating an immunosuppressive environment conducive to cancer cell proliferation and metastasis. Here, the effect of abdominal infection on tumor growth and metastasis was investigated through the implementation of a peritoneal metastasis model and a subcutaneous tumor model. In a murine model induced by cecal ligation and puncture (CLP) to simulate the effects of sepsis, we observed significant immune dysregulation, including T‐cell exhaustion and the release of myeloid‐derived suppressor cells (MDSCs). This immune alteration was associated with increased programmed cell death protein 1 (PD‐1) expression on T cells and programmed cell death 1 ligand 1 (PD‐L1) expression on MDSCs within the tumor microenvironment, fostering an immune‐suppressive environment. Polymorphonuclear MDSCs (PMN‐MDSCs) expressing elevated PD‐L1 after sepsis demonstrated more substantial suppressive effects on T‐cell proliferation than controls. Treatment with anti‐PD‐1 monoclonal antibodies successfully restored T‐cell function, reduced mortality, and decreased metastasis in CLP mice. These findings emphasize the impact of sepsis on tumor progression and suggest targeting the PD‐1/PD‐L1 axis as a potential therapeutic strategy for managing immune dysfunction in patients with cancer.
The deconstruction of the psoriasis system based on the theory of state‐target differentiation and treatment
Authors: Ma Jie , Wang Lei , Zhou Dongmei , Zuo Xianbo , Jiang Wenbo , Qi Yiming , Sheng Yujun , Cui Yong , Bai Yanping
Published: January 2025

Psoriasis is a chronic, inflammatory skin condition characterized by its recurrent nature, often accompanied by various systemic comorbidities. It may not fully satisfy the precise diagnostic and therapeutic demands for psoriasis by the theory of syndrome differentiation and treatment of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM). Guided by Academician Tong Xiaolin's “theory of state‐target differentiation and treatment,” psoriasis can be divided into “early stage, middle stage, and late stage,” and “constraint state, excess state, and deficiency state.” Defining the target prescription and targeted Chinese materia medcia of psoriasis in each stage and establishing the system of state‐target differentiation and treatment of psoriasis could provide a new model for clinical diagnosis and treatment.
Guided Multispectral Optoacoustic Tomography for 3D Imaging of the Murine Colon
Authors: Buehler Adrian , Brown Emma L. , Eckstein Markus , Thoma Oana‐Maria , Wachter Felix , Mandelbaum Henriette , Ludwig Petra , Claßen Merle , Oraiopoulou Mariam‐Eleni , Rother Ulrich , Neurath Markus F. , Woelfle Joachim , Waldner Maximilian J. , Friedrich Oliver , Knieling Ferdinand , Bohndiek Sarah E. , Regensburger Adrian P.
Published: January 2025

Multispectral optoacoustic tomography is a promising medical imaging modality that combines light and sound to provide molecular imaging information at depths of several centimeters, based on the optical absorption of endogenous chromophores, such as hemoglobin. Assessment of inflammatory bowel disease has emerged as a promising clinical application of optoacoustic tomography. In this context, preclinical studies in animal models are essential to identify novel disease‐specific imaging biomarkers and understand findings from emerging clinical pilot studies, however to‐date, these studies have been limited by the precise identification of the bowel wall. Herein, a transrectal‐absorber guide is applied, serving as a high‐contrast landmark for 3D optoacoustic tomography of the colon. This study shows that guided multispectral optoacoustic tomography is able to measure changes in blood oxygenation status over the course of acute, chemically‐induced colitis in mice and correlates with standard disease activity scores. This novel approach depicts intestinal hemoglobin composition non‐invasively during murine inflammation. These results underscore the potential for optoacoustic imaging in translational inflammatory bowel disease research.
Economic value of dual‐purpose cowpea as affected by variety, fertilizer, and environment
Authors: Obour Augustine K. , Faye Aliou , Akplo Tobi Moriaque , Stewart Zachary P. , Min Doohong , Prasad P. V. Vara , Assefa Yared
Published: January 2025

Across the semiarid regions of West Africa, cowpea (Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp) varieties grown by farmers are either grain‐ or forage‐only, and often fields are not fertilized. Information regarding profitability of dual‐purpose over traditional varieties and fertilizer application in cowpea production system is limited. The main objective of this study was to quantify the economic value of newly released dual‐purpose and forage cowpea varieties and fertilizer inputs across the Senegalese peanut basin. This field study was conducted across three locations in Senegal (Bambey, Boulel, and Darou Mousty) in 2021 and 2022. Treatments were 20 cowpea varieties in the main plot and two levels of fertilizer (an unfertilized control and fertilized) in the subplot. Cowpea varieties E‐BC4STR1, E‐BC4STR5, E‐BC4STR11, Kelle, and Melakh had relatively greater grain yields (average 429–474 kg ha−1) in all environments. Forage varieties 66‐35F and 58‐74F produced the most forage (average 2353 and 1717 kg ha−1) yields across environments. Fertilizer‐NPK application increased grain yield by 22%–40% in most environments. Unlike grain yield, varietal effects on forage yields occurred only with fertilizer application. Dual‐purpose cowpea varieties E‐BC4STR1, E‐BC4STR2, E‐BC4STR5, and E‐BC4STR11 had a stable, significant economic value in our study compared with grain‐only variety Yacine (traditional variety) or forage variety 66‐35F. Fertilizer‐NPK increased net revenue in four out of six environments. We conclude that using dual‐purpose cowpea varieties provided significant economic advantage over traditional varieties, and application of fertilizer further increased the economic value. However, further studies are needed to determine the economically optimal fertilizer rate.
Immersive Videography of Ancient DNA Extraction for Community Engagement and Educational Initiatives by the Anson Street African Burial Ground Project
Authors: Fleskes Raquel E. , Gilmore Joanna K. , Oubré La' Sheia , Ofunniyin Ade A. , Cabana Graciela S. , Schurr Theodore G.
Published: January 2025

Objective

Community engagement is an increasingly important component of ancient DNA (aDNA) research, especially when it involves archeological individuals connected to contemporary descendants or other invested communities. However, effectively explaining methods to non‐specialist audiences can be challenging due to the intricacies of aDNA laboratory work. To overcome this challenge, the Anson Street African Burial Ground (ASABG) Project employed a GoPro camera to visually document the process of aDNA extraction for use in community engagement and education events.

Methods

A GoPro Hero 6 camera enclosed in a decontaminated underwater case was used to film multiple rounds of aDNA extractions from first‐ and third‐person perspectives. The raw footage was edited into long (13‐minute) and short (5‐minute) format videos to summarize the steps of aDNA extraction for different educational aims.

Results

The videos were used at community engagement events, as well as in classrooms and other educational venues for students of different age groups. General feedback from the community was solicited at the events. We found that the use of videographic methods increased the transparency and accessibility of the aDNA research conducted by the ASABG Project team.

Discussion

Providing a visual guide to the often destructive nature of aDNA testing served as an important step in the continuing practice of informed (dynamic) consent with the descendant community. Future initiatives could expand these visualization efforts by illustrating other steps in the aDNA testing process, such as library preparation or sequencing, or incorporating approaches such as live streaming to foster trust and expand public science literacy.
A Needle in a Haystack: Transient Porosity in a Closed Pore Square Lattice Coordination Network
Authors: Koupepidou Kyriaki , Eaby Alan C. , Sensharma Debobroto , Javan Nikkhah Sousa , He Tao , Lusi Matteo , Vandichel Matthias , Barbour Leonard J. , Mukherjee Soumya , Zaworotko Michael J.
Published: January 2025

Guest transport through discrete voids (closed pores) in crystalline solids is poorly understood. Herein, we report the gas sorption properties of a nonporous coordination network, {[Co(bib)2Cl2] ⋅ 2MeOH}n (sql‐bib‐Co‐Cl‐α), featuring square lattice (sql) topology and the bent linker 1,3‐bis(1H‐imidazol‐1‐yl)benzene (bib). The as‐synthesized sql‐bib‐Co‐Cl‐α has 11.3 % (313 Å3) of its unit cell volume in closed pores occupied by methanol (MeOH). Upon desolvation and air exposure, sql‐bib‐Co‐Cl‐α underwent a single‐crystal to single‐crystal (SC‐SC) phase transformation to sql‐bib‐Co‐Cl‐β′, wherein MeOH was replaced by water. Activation (vacuum or N2 flow) resulted in dehydration and retention of the closed pores, affording sql‐bib‐Co‐Cl‐β with 7.7 % (194 Å3) guest‐accessible space. sql‐bib‐Co‐Cl‐β was found to preferentially adsorb C2H2 (at 265 K) over CO2 (at 195 K) through gate‐opening mechanisms, at gate‐opening pressures of 59.8 and 27.7 kPa, respectively, while other C2 gases were excluded. PXRD was used to monitor transformations between the three phases of sql‐bib‐Co‐Cl, while in situ DSC, in situ SCXRD under CO2 pressure, and computational studies provided insight into the guest transport mechanism, which we attribute to the angular, flexible nature of the bib ligand. Further, the preferential adsorption of C2H2 over CO2 and other C2 gases suggests that transiently porous sorbents might have utility in separations.
Apprehending siRNA Machinery and Gene Silencing in Brinjal Shoot and Fruit Borer, Leucinodes orbonalis
Authors: Reddy N. Veeramanikanta , Suman T. C. , Gandhi Gracy R. , Pathak Jyoti , Yadu Y. K. , Venkatesan T. , Sushil Satya Nand
Published: January 2025

RNA interference (RNAi) technology is widely used in gene functional studies and has been shown to be a promising next generation alternative for insect pest management. To understand the efficiency of RNAi machinery in Leucinodes orbonalis (L. orbonalis) Guenee, a destructive pest of eggplant, core RNAi pathway genes Argonaute‐2, Dicer‐2, Loquacious, and Sid‐1 were mined from the transcriptome and characterized. The transcript abundance of these genes was studied after exposure to exogenous double‐stranded RNA (dsRNA). Domain structure analysis revealed that these genes have conserved domains required for the definite protein function in the siRNA pathway. The protein sequences when subjected to phylogenetic analysis showed a close relation with homologs obtained from Ostrinia sp. The insects fed with dsRNA designed for vacuolar sorting protein SNF7 gene showed significant downregulation at 48 h post treatment and about 79% larval mortality. The expression study of genes showed a significant spike in transcript abundance of Dicer‐2, Argonatute‐2, and downregulation of Loquacious at 24 and 48 h post dsRNA exposure. The results on siRNA machinery genes expression and target gene knockdown implies L. orbonalis has an ample response to exogenous dsRNA.
An Immunosenescent CD8+ T Cell Subset in Patients with Axial Spondyloarthritis and Psoriatic Arthritis Links Spontaneous Motility to Telomere Shortening and Dysfunction
Authors: Paldino Giorgia , Tedeschi Valentina , Proganò Valentina , Salvati Erica , Licursi Valerio , Vertecchi Eleonora , Bivolaru Alexandru L. , Molteni Emanuele , Scrivo Rossana , Congia Mattia , Cauli Alberto , Caccavale Rosalba , Paroli Marino , Kunkl Martina , Tuosto Loretta , Sorrentino Rosa , Fiorillo Maria Teresa
Published: January 2025

Objective

A pathogenetic role of CD8+ T lymphocytes in radiographic axial spondyloarthritis (r‐axSpA) and other spondyloarthritis (SpA) is sustained by genome‐wide association studies and by the expansion of public T cell clonotypes in the target tissues. This study investigates the migration of CD8+ T cells along with their phenotype and functions in patients with r‐axSpA and psoriatic arthritis (PsA).

Methods

Peripheral blood CD8+ and CD4+ T cells were isolated from patients with r‐axSpA (n = 128), PsA (n = 60), and rheumatoid arthritis (RA) (n = 74) and healthy donors (HDs) (n = 79). Transwell migration assay was performed in the presence of different chemokines. CD8+ T cell immunoprofiling and effector functions were assessed by multiparametric flow cytometry. Transcriptome signature was evaluated by RNA sequencing analysis, whereas telomere length and dysfunction were measured by reverse transcriptase–polymerase chain reaction and immunofluorescence‐fluorescence in situ hybridization, respectively.

Results

A significantly higher number of CD8+ T cells migrating in the absence of chemokine stimuli was found in patients with SpA compared with HDs and patients with RA. This subset, producing cytotoxic (granzyme B, perforin, granulysin) and proinflammatory molecules (tumor necrosis factor), was significantly enriched in terminally differentiated (CCR7−CD45RA+) and senescent (CD28−CD57+) cells having a gene expression profile characterized by cytolytic signature and natural killer markers. Remarkably, these spontaneously migrating CD8+ T cells showed DNA damage response activation, telomere shortening, and dysfunction.

Conclusion

These data describe a terminally differentiated CD8+ T cell subset with a senescent and cytotoxic/proinflammatory profile and an intrinsic invasive potential enriched in patients with SpA that represents a possible player in disease pathogenesis.
Nanoarchitectonics for Regulating Molecular Conductance by Multi‐Channel Structure
Authors: Li Hui‐Xin , Liu Jiao‐Yang , Geng Bi‐Jun , Qiu Sheng‐Jie , Chen Zhong‐Ning , Yang Yang , Zhang Qian‐Chong
Published: January 2025

Molecular electronics represents the cutting‐edge and interdisciplinary effort on the future miniaturization of electronic circuits. Benefiting from synthetic chemistry and theoretical insights, molecular circuit studies have promoted devices with increasingly complicated structures. Especially, the evolution of conductive backbones from simple chain‐shaped single‐channel configurations to complex multi‐channel architectures marks a pivotal progression. A comprehensive understanding of charge transport and conductance properties in multi‐channel molecular devices is crucial for further developing molecular circuits. In this review, we provide an overview of conductance properties, categorizing the effect on conductance into enhancement or suppression. The underlying mechanisms of conductance modulation are discussed. While conductance enhancement is attributed to factors of the quantum‐interference‐based superposition law, the charge‐induced self‐gating effect, and the facilitation of additional conductive channels through space‐mediated transport; while the conductance suppression originates from the destructive quantum interference in saturated conductive channels and the “electron selective transport” feature within multi‐channel structures where channels converge at a phenyl group.
Influence of Cell Physiological Status on the Intensified Fed‐Batch Cultures at Ultra‐High Seeding Density
Authors: Ran Qingyuan , Su Ying , Zhang Weijian , Zhang Xinran , Zhao Liang , Chen Min , Wan Yuxiang , Tan Wen‐song , Ye Qian
Published: January 2025

Recent years, intensified fed‐batch culture with ultra‐high seeding density (uHSD‐IFB) is coming to the forefront of manufacturers’ choice for its enhanced productivity. However, the effects of seed cell physiological state and aeration strategies on these processes remain underexplored due to the ultra‐high seeding density. Currently, the pre‐production seeding inoculum (N‐1) crucial for the uHSD‐IFB cultures relies heavily upon case‐by‐case empirical experiences. To develop a rational seeding approach as a guideline, we here explored the impact of perfusion rates and cell growth states on the subsequent uHSD‐IFB processes. It was found that seed cells in the exponential growth phase with high perfusion rates in the N‐1 perfusion stage allowed for higher viable cell density and titer in the production stage. In particular, lower levels of reactive oxygen species, higher proportions of G1 and S phase, and higher specific cell oxygen uptake rates (OURs) were exhibited in these cells, resulting in higher cell specific growth rates and integral of viable cell concentration (IVCC) throughout the production cultures. Further investigation into the effect of aeration strategies was carried out in the benchtop bioreactors. A final yield of 4.5 g/L, an increase of nearly 110%, was achieved by a sophisticated dual sparger system compared to the other two processes with either one l‐shaped or micro‐sparger. These results provide a direction for the design and establishment of high‐titer processes in intensified fed‐batch cultures at ultra‐high seeding density.

Synopsis: In this work, we first explored the impact of perfusion rates and cell growth states on the subsequent uHSD‐IFB processes. Further investigation into the effect of aeration strategies of intensified fed‐batch process was carried out in the benchtop bioreactors. These results provide a direction for the design and establishment of high‐titer processes in intensified fed‐batch cultures at ultra‐high seeding density.
Selective Turn‐On Luminescent Recognition of Perchlorate Ion Using Pyridyl‐Benzimidazole–Based Probe
Authors: Naithani Sudhanshu , Goswami Nidhi , Yadav Vikas , Mangalam Jimmy , Goswami Tapas , Kumar Sushil
Published: January 2025

Anions play a crucial role in various environmental, chemical, and biological processes. Among various anions, the production of perchlorate (ClO4−) ion is expected to rise in upcoming years, and thus, an efficient method for the detection of perchlorate ion is highly desirable. In this effort, a pyridyl‐benzimidazole–based luminescent probe (RSB1) containing two N‐H donor sites has been synthesized for selective detection of perchlorate ion. Different spectral techniques such as FT‐IR, NMR, ESI‐mass, UV–Vis, and fluorescence analyses have been used to characterize this probe. High selectivity of RSB1 for ClO4− was realized even in presence of strongly interfering species in aqueous‐acetonitrile (CH3CN‐H2O; 4:1, v/v) solution. Notably, RSB1 served as a “turn‐on” perchlorate‐responsive probe and exhibited an emission enhancement at 363 nm when excited at 300 nm. The detection limit (LoD) and the binding constant (Kb) values were depicted to be 0.121 μM and 2.6 × 105 M−1, respectively, while the binding mechanism for RSB1‐ClO4− was validated via Job's plot, NMR, and DFT analyses. Furthermore, this probe was successfully employed to trace perchlorate in real samples such as tap water, distilled water, and soil samples with good to excellent recovery values.
A Flexible Hybrid Site‐Specific Integration‐Based Expression System in CHO Cells for Higher‐Throughput Evaluation of Monoclonal Antibody Expression Cassettes
Authors: Szkodny Alana C. , Lee Kelvin H.
Published: January 2025

The implementation of site‐specific integration (SSI) systems in Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells for the production of monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) can alleviate concerns associated with production instability and reduce cell line development timelines. SSI cell line performance is driven by the interaction between genomic integration location, clonal background, and the transgene expression cassette, requiring optimization of all three parameters to maximize productivity. Systematic comparison of these parameters has been hindered by SSI platforms involving low‐throughput enrichment strategies, such as cell sorting. This study presents a recombinase‐mediated cassette exchange (RMCE)‐capable SSI system that uses only chemical selection to enrich for transgene‐expressing RMCE pools in less than one month. The system was used to compare eight mAb expression cassettes containing two novel genetic regulatory elements, the Azin1 CpG island and the Piggybac transposase 5’ terminal repeat, in various orientations to improve the expression of two therapeutic mAbs from two genomic loci. Similar patterns of productivity and mRNA expression were observed across sites and mAbs, and the best performing cassette universally increased mAb productivity by 7‐ to 11‐fold. This flexible system allows for higher‐throughput comparison of expression cassettes from a consistent clonal and transcriptional background to optimize RMCE‐derived cell lines for industrial production of mAbs.
Management of Radix Entomolaris of Mandibular First Molar With Complex Root Canal Curvatures: A Case Report and Mini Review
Authors: Chamani Ali , Gharechahi Maryam , Shakiba Reza , Alipour Farshad
Published: January 2025

Radix entomolaris (RE) characterized by an extra root in mandibular molars is a rare phenotype. When this condition coincides with complex root canal curvatures or S‐shaped canals, root canal therapy (RCT) challenges arise. The present study presents three cases of RE along with complex root curvatures. The challenges of RCT and case management in this study are addressed within the framework of paying attention to the access cavity according to the extra root, instrumentation with the crown‐down technique, sufficient irrigation, using nickel–titanium rotary systems, dense obturation with the warm vertical technique, and patient follow‐up. Also, in the last case, the management of two broken files by loop and bypass techniques is described. Adequate knowledge of the root canal system's morphology and the use of appropriate techniques and materials for root canal therapy are the background for successful RCT.
Mitochondrial Localization of Antioxidant Nanodrug Suppresses Ocular Inflammation by Alleviating Oxidative Stress on Cells
Authors: Ren Zhibin , Liu Xiaoying , Lv Guanghao , Wang Xiaiting , Wang Jingli , Wu Wei , Li Xingyi , Wang Jiaqing
Published: January 2025

External environments (e. g., pollutants, irritants, ultraviolet radiation, etc) probably activate oxidative stress on the ocular surface, further leading to inflammatory responses and cellular apoptosis. For treating ophthalmic diseases, one of the strategies is to regulate oxidative stress through antioxidants. Here we conjugate a polyphenolic antioxidant drug (i. e., caffeic acid) with a small peptide of protein tag to generate a peptide‐drug conjugate as a nanodrug. With a self‐assembled ability to form nanoparticles, the nanodrug mainly enters human corneal epithelial cells (HCEC) by caveolin‐mediated endocytosis, succeeds lysosomal escape, and achieves mitochondrial localization of caffeic acid. Revealed by free radical scavenging experiments, the nanodrug shows considerable antioxidant capacities. In mouse leukemia cells of monocyte macrophage (RAW 264.7) induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS), the nanodrug inhibits various pro‐inflammatory cytokines (e. g., NO, IL‐6, and TNF‐α) by up‐regulating the expression of anti‐apoptotic protein (e. g., Bcl‐2). As an investigation of alleviating oxidative stress by the mitochondrial localization of antioxidant, this work may establish an experimental foundation for the regulation of cellular redox balance, as well as provide different insights for the clinical development of antioxidant drug delivery systems in the treatment of ocular disease.
Advances in the Release of Amide‐Containing Molecules
Authors: Wharton Thomas , Spring David R.
Published: January 2025

The ability to release a molecule from a larger construct in a controlled manner is of great importance to produce effective prodrugs, antibody‐drug conjugates, and chemical probes. Amides are ubiquitous functional groups and yet methods to utilise them as molecular release handles are seldom reported. This concept article highlights the advances made in amide release strategies and how these approaches have been utilised.
I2‐Promoted Synthesis of N‐Heteroaromatic Benzothiazoles and 2,2’‐Biquinolines via Deaminative Cyclization of Tertiary Amines
Authors: Lv Xueyan , Zhang Jiachen , Gao Xiaoyang , Xu Zhiming , Hu Zongrui , Jia Qingbo , Li Shichen , Ma Chen
Published: January 2025

A straightforward I2‐promoted Povarov multicomponent reaction strategy for the synthesis of N‐heteroaromatic benzothiazole and 2, 2'‐biquinolines was described. This methodology involved a one‐pot two‐step procedure, tandem iodination/Kornblum oxidation, and [4 + 2] condensation. This protocol was characterized by broad scope of substrates (49 examples, 31‐80% yields), applicable for large‐scale preparation, and downstream derivatization of the product. Photophysical property of the two classes of bisheteroaryl compounds were investigated. Based on the rotatable C‐C bond, 2‐(6‐methylquinolin‐2‐yl)benzo[d]thiazole (4a) was successfully developed as a viscosity probe, which opened up new hopes and prospects for biomedical applications.
Effects of Cholesterol on the Breast Cancer Resistance Protein: Studies through the Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of Chemical Tools
Authors: Fatima Zattoni Ingrid , Estelita Rugisnk Bruna , da Silva Zanzarini Isadora , Guilherme Gonçalves Alan , Rotuno Moure Vivian , Valdameri Glaucio , Boumendjel Ahcène
Published: January 2025

The breast cancer resistance protein (BCRP/ABCG2) plays a major role in the multidrug resistance of cancers toward chemotherapeutic treatments. It was demonstrated that cholesterol regulates the ABCG2 activity, suggesting that lower levels of membrane cholesterol decrease the ABCG2 activity in mammalian cells. However, the precise mechanism remains unclear. To better understand the role of cholesterol in the ABCG2 activity, we studied the ABCG2‐mediated efflux of different substrates in the presence of different concentrations of cholesterol. Moreover, we synthetized derivatives of cholesterol linked either to known ABCG2 inhibitors or fluorescents probes. A chalcone‐cholesterol was synthetized to investigate the influence of cholesterol on ABCG2 inhibition, and a BODIPY‐cholesterol was developed to track cholesterol trafficking on mammalian cells and investigate the behavior of cholesterol as an ABCG2 substrate. The obtained results with three different substrates of ABCG2 showed that cholesterol did not affect the intracellular amount of substrates nor the transport activity.
Value of Systematic and MRI‐Ultrasound Fusion Prostate Biopsy in Different Prostate Specific Antigen (PSA) Levels
Authors: Ohadian Moghadam Solmaz , Haddadi Mohammad , Amini Erfan , Momeni Seyed Ali , Bitaraf Masoud , Nowroozi Mohammad Reza
Published: January 2025

Background

Current approach to clinically suspicious biopsy‐naïve men consists performing prostate MRI, followed by combined systematic (TRUS‐Bx) and MRI‐Ultrasound fusion biopsy (MRI‐TBx) in those with PIRADS score ≥ 3. Researchers have attempted to determine who benefits from each biopsy method, but the results do not support the safe use of one method alone. This study aims to determine the optimal approach in biopsy‐naïve men, according to their PSA levels.

Methods and Results

A retrospective chart review of clinically suspicious biopsy‐naïve men who underwent both TRUS‐Bx and MRI‐TBx was done. Prostate specific antigen (PSA) levels were compared between patients only positive for MRI‐TBx and those with positive TRUS‐Bx. Further, cancer cases were divided to < 10 and ≥ 10 PSA groups and the pathology results, obtained by each method, were compared. Out of 195 men, 36 were diagnosed with prostate cancer (PCa). PCa was diagnosed by both MRI‐TBx and TRUS‐Bx in 26 men, half of whom had PSA > 10 ng/mL. At PSA ≤ 10 ng/mL, PCa would have been missed in 4 men (11.1%) had MRI‐TBx not been done, and in 6 men (16.6%) had TRUS‐Bx not been done.

Conclusion

Despite attempts to perform only one biopsy method in men with clinical suspicion of prostate cancer, we propose that at least in men with PSA ≤ 10 ng/mL, both systematic and MRI‐targeted biopsies be performed.
Synthesis and Characterization of Indolenine‐based Squaraine Dyes and their Photophysical Properties in Polymer Thin Films
Authors: Kim Yoo Sang , Lee Hyun Kyu , Choi Woo Jin , Kim Suhyeon , Yoon Jun Ho , Kim Wansoo , Kim Jae Pil
Published: January 2025

Four squaraine dyes bearing various N substituents with different electron‐withdrawing abilities were synthesized in this study. The effects of these substituents on the photophysical properties and stabilities of the squaraine dyes were analyzed. Squaraine‐doped polymer films were fabricated using the synthesized squaraine dyes, and all films demonstrated excellent transmittances of ~100% in the non‐absorptive region, along with extremely low transmittances in the 630–640 nm wavelength region. The thermal stabilities of the squaraine films were evaluated after thermal treatment at elevated temperatures. The film fabricated using polysulfone, which possesses a high glass‐transition temperature, maintained an absorption of >97% after heat treatment, indicating its excellent thermal stability. Furthermore, all squaraine films maintained absorptions of >70% after 24 h of light irradiation, surpassing the photostabilities of conventional polymethine dyes. It was concluded that squaraine dyes are sufficiently effective and applicable for producing optical films, owing to their excellent optical properties and high stabilities.
Uncertainty and Green Innovation Nexus: The Moderating Influence of Ownership Structure and Product Market Competition
Authors: Khan Muhammad Arif , Meng Bin , Ullah Irfan
Published: January 2025

Recently, there has been a growing interest among researchers, academics, and corporations regarding whether and how uncertainties influence corporate decision‐making. This study seeks to explore how various forms of uncertainty, including firm‐specific uncertainty (Fs_u), market‐based uncertainty (M_u), and economic policy uncertainty (Ep_u), influence corporate green innovation. This study also examines whether state ownership and product market competition moderate the relationship between uncertainty and green innovation. Using a sample of Chinese‐listed manufacturing firms from 2003 to 2020, the findings show that uncertainties (Fs_u, M_u, and Ep_u) negatively affect corporate green innovation. This negative effect is weakened by state ownership, whereas is strengthened by product market competition. The results remain consistent and valid following thorough robustness checks and additional analyses. This research contributes to real options theory by delineating how internal and external uncertainties impede green innovation.
Hierarchical Auto‐Associative Polynomial Convolutional Neural Network With Gorilla Troops Optimization for an Effective Millimeter‐Wave Path Loss Modeling in 5G‐IoT Mobile Communication System
Authors: Eswaramoorthi R. , Pullarao Matta Venkata , C. Kavitha B. , K. Priyadarsini
Published: January 2025

Path loss modeling (PLM) for mmWave communications (mWC) is challenging due to the dynamic propagation environment, making it critical for effective 5G network planning and analysis. In this manuscript, hierarchical auto‐associative polynomial convolutional neural network with gorilla troops optimization (GTO) is proposed for path loss modeling in mmWave 5G‐IoT mobile communication systems (HA‐PCNN‐PLM‐mWC‐5G). The input images depicting buildings and roadways are obtained from Google Maps and enhanced local area multiscanning (E‐LAMS) with distance dependencies are used to improve feature learning. Here, the improved bilateral texture filtering (IBTF) is applied to reduce noise in the input images and enhance image quality. Additionally, the spatial and spectral features are then extracted using the fast discrete curvelet transform with wrapping (FDCT‐WRP), and these features are fed into the HA‐PCNN model for path loss prediction. The model's performance is further improved through parameter optimization using GTO. Here, the implementation of the proposed model is done in Python tool and the performance metrics are analyzed. Thus, the proposed approach attains 6.2%, 2.27%, 4.08%, 11.88%, and 12.32% higher accuracy, 13.07%, 14.41%, 16.61%, 18.03%, and 9.08% lower mean squared error, and 27.55%, 24.05%, 23.48%, 20.05%, and 18.95% lower computation time than the existing approaches like AE‐CNN‐mmW‐PLM‐5G, ML‐PLP‐mWL‐5G, CNN‐mmW‐PLM‐FWA, ML‐SRM‐IoT, and PLP‐EE‐5G, respectively. Thus, the proposed model improves the accuracy of mmWave communication prediction in 5G‐IoT systems, offering a more reliable solution for future 5G network implementations.
The Role of Host‐Range Expansion and Co‐Speciation in Host–Parasite Associations With the Divergence of the Great Tit Species Complex
Authors: Huang Xi , Ellis Vincenzo A. , Peng Yangyang , Ishtiaq Farah , Wang Haitao , Liang Wei , Wu Qiang , Bensch Staffan , Dong Lu
Published: January 2025

During the evolution of parasites, co‐speciation and host‐range expansion are thought to play roles in establishing associations with hosts, while sorting events can lead to dissolution of those associations. To address the roles of these processes, we focus on avian haemosporidian parasites infecting hosts of the intensively studied great tit species complex. We estimated the phylogeography of lineages detected in the species complex, and quantified their transition probabilities among hosts. Lineages detected in different host species presented a strong geographical signal but did not form monophyletic groups. Yet, distributions of lineages are not merely the result of their dispersal limitations, as many lineages that infect only one focal species can be found in birds sympatric with other focal species. Besides, closely related lineages that infect the same host species reach more similar rates of infection than expected by chance. Finally, Haemoproteus and Leucocytozoon lineages infecting P. major, the most recently dispersed species, were more generalized than others, consistent with a pattern of generalist parasites expanding their host ranges by infecting newly encountered host species. Our results suggest that host–parasite associations in this system are mainly the result of sorting events and host‐range expansion of parasites, rather than co‐speciation.
Pseudogymnoascus destructans environmental reservoir decreases 11 years after an outbreak of white‐nose syndrome
Authors: Vanderwolf Karen J. , McAlpine Donald F. , Ryan Caleb C. , Broders Hugh G.
Published: January 2025

White‐nose syndrome is a skin disease of bats caused by the fungus Pseudogymnoascus destructans (Pd). Pd has devastated populations of some bat species in North America, where environmental reservoirs of the fungus are considered a threat to the persistence of bat populations. However, long‐term patterns of Pd environmental persistence in North American hibernacula are unknown. We swabbed hibernacula walls 11 years after the invasion of Pd into Maritime Canada in 2011. This is the first study to examine the persistence of Pd in North American hibernacula >7 years after the first documentation of Pd at a site. The proportion of hibernacula wall swabs with viable Pd decreased over time, with 40.6% of wall swabs positive (n = 32) in 2012, 35.0% (n = 40) in 2015, and 1.7% (n = 120) in 2022. In early winter 2022, 41.18% (n = 17) of bats (Myotis lucifugus, M. septentrionalis, and Perimyotis subflavus) were Pd‐positive compared to 6.67% (n = 15) in late winter, a low prevalence and the opposite pattern compared to the first 4 years after Pd invasion to sites. Our results suggest that Pd loads in the environment naturally decrease to low or undetectable levels over time in our study region. Since attempts to reduce environmental reservoirs have a high likelihood of negative nontarget effects on hibernacula ecosystems, and a low likelihood of completely eradicating Pd, actions to reduce environmental reservoirs in hibernacula should consider deprioritizing sites where Pd has been present >10 years. We urge the collection of further data across hibernacula sites with varied geochemistry, microclimates, organic matter availability, timing of Pd arrival, and surviving bat colony sizes. This will allow a more comprehensive assessment of this strategy.
Trifluorophenyl Side Chain Engineering in Benzotriazole‐Core Acceptors for High‐Performance Organic Photovoltaics
Authors: Zahra Sabeen , Ryu Du Hyeon , Ha Jong‐Woon , Lee Seungjin , Haris Muhammad , Song Chang Eun , Lee Hang Ken , Lee Sang Kyu , Shin Won Suk
Published: January 2025

In this study, we explore an innovative approach to enhancing the photovoltaic performance of organic solar cells through core fluorination of the non‐fullerene acceptor. We developed a benzotriazole‐based non‐fullerene acceptor with a trifluorinated phenyl side chain, referred to as YNPF3, which has a significant impact on the molecular properties, including a surprisingly varied local dipole moment and crystalline nature, as well as effectively stabilizing the frontier molecular orbital energy levels. Furthermore, a trifluoro‐phenyl‐based non‐fullerene acceptor exhibits enhanced absorptivity, restricted voltage loss, and favorable photoactive morphology compared with its methyl side chain counterpart non‐fullerene acceptor. Consequently, a binary organic solar cell based on YNPF3 achieves an outstanding power conversion efficiency of 19.2%, surpassing the control device with a efficiency of 16.5%. Finally, the YNPF3‐based organic solar cell presents an impressive power conversion efficiency of 16.6% in a mini‐module device with an aperture size of 12.5 cm2, marking the highest reported efficiency for series‐connected binary organic solar cells with a photoactive area over 10 cm2.
Evidence‐Based Umbrella Review of Non‐Invasive Neuromodulation in Chronic Neuropathic Pain
Authors: Duarte‐Moreira Rafael Jardim , Shirahige Lívia , Rodriguez‐Prieto Indira Enith , Alves Maércio Maia , Lopes Tiago da Silva , Baptista Rachel Fontes , Hazime Fuad Ahmad , Zana Yossi , Kubota Gabriel Taricani , de Andrade Daniel Ciampi , Yeng Lin Tchia , Teixeira Manoel Jacobsen , Dáquer Egas Caparelli Moniz de Aragão , Sá Katia Nunes , Monte‐Silva Kátia , Baptista Abrahão Fontes
Published: January 2025

Background and Objective

Non‐invasive neuromodulation techniques (NIN), such as transcranial Direct Current Stimulation (tDCS) and repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (rTMS), have been extensively researched for their potential to alleviate pain by reversing neuroplastic changes associated with neuropathic pain (NP), a prevalent and complex condition. However, treating NP remains challenging due to the numerous variables involved, such as different techniques, dosages and aetiologies. It is necessary to provide insights for clinicians and public healthcare managers to support clinical decision‐making. This umbrella review aims to consolidate existing evidence on the effectiveness of various NIN in managing chronic NP.

Databases and Data Treatment

A systematic search was conducted in the PubMed/MEDLINE database, including meta‐analyses of controlled trials comparing NIN techniques with sham interventions for NP treatment. The quality of included studies was assessed using the AMSTAR‐2 tool and the GRADE system, with effect sizes adjusted to the standard mean difference (SMD).

Results

The review included 22 meta‐analyses comprising 8151 participants from 214 controlled trials. The most investigated NIN techniques were tDCS and rTMS, with primary targets being the motor cortex and dorsolateral prefrontal cortex. The findings suggest that excitatory protocols, particularly high‐frequency rTMS and anodal tDCS, are effective in reducing pain intensity in individuals with NP. However, the overall quality of evidence was rated low, primarily due to heterogeneity among studies and small sample sizes.

Conclusion

NIN techniques show promise in managing NP, with potential benefits in pain reduction. However, further high‐quality research is needed to establish optimal protocols and long‐term effects.

Significance Statement

This paper consolidates the evidence regarding non‐invasive neuromodulation for the treatment of neuropathic pain, including differentiating the most effective techniques based on the aetiology of pain, and provides clinicians with easy access to this critical information. It also highlights key aspects that require further research in the field of non‐invasive neuromodulation and neuropathic pain.
Combatting plagiarism in the age of AI
Authors: Buller Jeffrey L. , McClain Sandra C.
Published: January 2025

Integrity is the heart and soul of any significant academic discourse. As attorney Ronald B. Standler (2012, 5) has observed: “Reputations in academia are made on the basis of creating new knowledge: discoveries of new facts, new ways of looking at previously known facts, original analysis of old ideas, etc. A plagiarist receives credit for expression or analysis that was improperly taken from someone else. In this view, the plagiarist commits fraud, by claiming the work of other people as the plagiarist's own work.”
3D O/N/S Tridoped Honeycomb‐Like Porous Carbon with Enhanced Performance for High‐Mass Loading Supercapacitors
Authors: Liu Xiaofei
Published: January 2025

To satisfy the practical needs of the sustainability and industrialization of supercapacitors, it is essential to maintain good electrochemical performance at high mass loading (>10 mg cm−2). Herein, a unique 3D O/N/S tridoped honeycomb‐like porous carbon is successfully prepared from chitosan as carbon precursor and L‐cysteine as sulfur source using gelation pretreatment and high‐temperature pyrolysis methods. Chitosan and L‐cysteine hierarchical porous carbons (CL‐HPC‐3:1) display rich O/N/S heteroatoms content, high specific surface area, (2806 m2 g−1), interconnected hierarchical porous structure, good conductivity (0.23 Ω cm−1; 4.35 S cm−1), and strong wettability (the contact angle is 19°), which enable fast electron/ion transport and afford additional capacitance. Importantly, CL‐HPC‐3:1 (3:1 represents the mass ratio of chitosan to L‐cysteine.) can maintain excellent electrochemical performance at mass loading of 12.2 mg cm−2, which has high specific capacitance (298.36 F g−1 at 0.1 A g−1), high area capacitance (3.64 F cm−2 at 0.1 A g−1), low‐open‐circuit voltage attenuation rate (21.63 mV h−1), high voltage retention (78.54%), and remarkable cyclic stability (92.06% capacitance retention after 20 000 cycles). This work demonstrates the successful conversion of chitosan into the sustainable and high‐performance electrode materials and also develops a valuable utilization way for chitosan.