bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Whole Exome Sequencing Reveals Rare Variants in Genes Associated with Metabolic Disorders in Women with PCOS
Authors: Sharma Priyal , Halder Ashutosh , Jain Manish , Tripathi Manish
Published: December 2023

Background:

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a complex genetic trait, the pathogenesis of which is governed by an interplay of genetic and epigenetic factors. However, the aetiology of PCOS is not fully understood.

Aims:

The objective of this study was to investigate the genetic causes of PCOS by identifying rare variants in genes implicated in its pathophysiology.

Settings and Design:

This was a hospital-based observational study.

Materials and Methods:

We used whole-exome sequencing for 52 PCOS women to identify the rare variants in genes related to PCOS pathogenesis. Subsequently, we analysed these variants using in silico prediction software to determine their functional effects. We then assessed the relationship between these variants and the clinical outcomes of the patients.

Statistical Analysis Used:

Student’s t-test and Fisher’s exact test were used to compare clinical parameters and frequency differences amongst PCOS patients with and without variants.

Results:

A total of four rare exonic variants in obesity- and hyperinsulinaemia-related genes including UCP1 (p.Thr227Ile), UCP2 (p.Arg88Cys), IRS1 (p.Ser892Gly) and GHRL (p.Leu72Met) were identified in eight patients. Significant differences were observed between the patients carrying variants and those without variants. PCOS patients with identified variants exhibited significantly higher average body mass index and fasting insulin levels of PCOS subjects with identified variants compared to those without variants (P < 0.05). Additionally, there were significant differences in the variant frequencies of four variants when compared to the population database (P < 0.05).

Conclusion:

This study shows a prevalence of rare variants in obesity and hyperinsulinaemia-related genes in a cohort of PCOS women, thereby underscoring the impact of the identified rare variants on the development of obesity and associated metabolic derangements in PCOS women.
Limited Effects of Ultra-low Oxygen Concentration during Extended Embryo Culture on In vitro Fertilisation Outcomes in Indian Women: A Retrospective Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Patel Deven , Patel R. G. , Patel Trupti , Patel Nikunj , Maheshwari Naroda
Published: December 2023

Background:

Amongst various other factors, oxygen (O2) concentration in embryo culture plays an important role in determining pregnancy outcomes in women undergoing in vitro fertilisation. Some studies have reported that lowering O2 levels in embryo culture provides better results.

Aims:

To explore the effects of low- and ultra-low- O2 concentrations (5% and 2%, respectively) in extended embryo culture on various outcome parameters of pregnancy.

Settings and Design:

This was a retrospective cross-sectional study.

Materials and Methods:

In this study 382 participants had their embryos cultured in varying O2 concentrations (5% or 2%), followed by either a fresh embryo transfer (ET) or frozen embryo transfer (FET). Outcomes such as pregnancy rate, implantation rate, abortion rate, twinning rate, and live birth rate were compared between the groups.

Statistical Analysis Used:

Chi square test was applied to compare the primary and secondary outcomes between different groups.

Results:

No significant differences were observed in pregnancy rate and implantation rate between 5% and 2% O2 groups, irrespective of their mode of ET. The abortion rate was significantly higher in 5% O2 group than in 2% group during FET (24.71% vs. 11.49%, P = 0.02). While the proportion of good-quality embryos was higher in 5% O2 group, these did not translate to better pregnancy outcomes. Additionally, embryos cultured in 2% O2 concentration had a significantly better implantation rate when they were transferred fresh rather than frozen (71.34% vs. 61.46%, P = 0.04). There were no other differences observed.

Conclusion:

Only marginal benefits were observed in switching human embryos to ultra-low O2 concentration after the initial days of culture.
Comparing Assisted Reproductive Outcomes in Women with Different Polycystic Ovary Syndrome Phenotypes Undergoing Frozen Embryo Transfer
Authors: Patel Anubhuti , Saraf Anviti , Rao Vyshnavi A. , Rao Kamini A.
Published: December 2023

Background:

Patients with polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) have unique characteristics depending on its phenotype. Therefore, prediction of controlled ovarian stimulation (COS) response and assisted reproductive technique (ART) outcome in these becomes challenging.

Aims:

To assess the outcomes of assisted reproductive technology (ART) in various polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) phenotypes and to evaluate the predictive value of anti-Mullerian hormone (AMH) and total testosterone on ART success. Clinical pregnancy rate (CPR) was measured as the primary outcome.

Settings and Design:

This was a prospective observational study conducted at a tertiary care centre.

Materials and Methods:

A total of 190 infertile women with PCOS (Rotterdam criteria) were enrolled and were subdivided into four phenotypes. Baseline screening and transvaginal scan were done. All patients underwent COS using antagonist protocol with recombinant follicle-stimulating hormone, and an agonist trigger was given for follicular maturation. One or two blastocysts were transferred in a frozen–thawed embryo transfer cycle. Luteal phase support was given with vaginal progesterone.

Statistical Analysis Used:

For quantitative variables, we employed the Kruskal-Wallis Test with post hoc Tukey’s analysis. For continuous or ordinal variables, the Mann-Whitney U test was utilized. The analysis of categorical data was conducted using the Chi-square (χ2) test with SPSS 21 software.

Results:

Phenotype A was the most prevalent (37%). CPR was the highest in phenotype D (57.7%), followed by phenotype C (53.06%), A (43%) and B (36%). The mean serum AMH level was the highest in phenotype A (9.7 ± 4.3 ng/dL) and the lowest in phenotype B (5.9 ± 1.8 ng/dL). The mean total testosterone level was 103 ± 15.68 ng/mL in Type A, 109.46 ± 37.08 ng/mL in Type B and 48.52 ± 17.07 ng/ml in Type D.

Conclusion:

Phenotype D showed higher CPR and lower miscarriage rate compared to other phenotypes (not significant) and was associated with good clinical outcome. No correlation could be established with serum AMH, total testosterone levels and CPR.
Effect of papaya extract (Carica papaya L.) on color changes of dental elements due to coffee extrinsic stain: An experimental laboratory study
Authors: Sofya Pocut A , Rahmayani Liana , Andriany Poppy , Zaqny Nyak A
Published: December 2023

Aim:

Papaya fruit was known to have papain enzymes that are able to break down the protein that makes up plaque, where extrinsic stains attach to teeth. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of papaya fruit extract (Carica papaya L.) on color change of denture elements due to coffee extrinsic stain.

Materials and Methods:

This study was an experimental laboratory using pre-test and post-test designs. The specimens used in this study were elements of the maxillary central incisor (24 acrylic resin dentures) that have been stained by coffee, totaling 6 specimens per group. The specimens were immersed for 9 days in papaya fruit extract with a concentration of 40%, 60%, 80%, and 100%. Measurement of the specimen color change was done visually before and after soaking papaya extract using Shade Guide Vita 3D Master. Statistical test was carried out with a confidence level of 95%.

Results:

The results showed that there was a significant color change of the denture elements after soaking papaya extract. The value color dimension changes to be brighter, while the hue and chroma have no significant changes. In the comparison test of four treatment groups with extract concentration (40%, 60%, 80%, and 100%). This study showed that the 60% concentration group had a greater influence on the change in color dimension value.

Conclusion:

Papaya fruit extract can affect the color change of acrylic resin denture elements that have undergone coffee staining. Immersion of denture elements in papaya fruit extract with a concentration of 60% had a greater effect on color brightness.
Uses and applications of the manual versus electronic toothbrush: A literature review
Authors: Castro Sofía , Garay Sedany , Espinoza-Carhuancho Fran , Alvitez-Temoche Daniel , Munive-Degregori Arnaldo , Barja-Ore John , Mayta-Tovalino Frank
Published: December 2023

Aim:

The aim of this study was to describe the scientific literature on the use and applications of manual and electronic toothbrushes.

Materials and Methods:

An electronic search without date restriction was carried out in the PubMed and Scopus databases. The articles were selected, and their characteristics, objectives, and methods were analyzed using the following keywords: “manual toothbrush,” “electronic toothbrush,” “interdental brush,” “dental plaque,” “gingivitis,” “periodontitis” and “mechanical cleaning.” Ten relevant studies investigating the uses and applications of manual versus electronic toothbrushes were selected for this review.

Results:

The studies determined the efficacy of electronic and manual toothbrushes for the reduction of gingivitis and plaque, detailing the characteristics of the populations. Some studies evaluated the effectiveness of the two classes of brushes using different dental plaque indexes. One study determined plaque removal by comparing an interactive versus manual toothbrush, and two studies evaluated the effectiveness of the brushes in plaque reduction in a pediatric population. Based on the research articles, it was evident that some studies found no significant difference in biofilm removal in the use of electronic toothbrushes versus manual toothbrushes.

Conclusion:

In summary, it is not possible to give a conclusion because there is a discrepancy between the authors, and further studies are needed to corroborate and contrast the usefulness of manual and electronic toothbrushes.
Facilitated self-medication practice in pharmacies in combating oral health needs: A questionnaire-based study
Authors: Jogigowda Sanjay Chikkarasinakere , Patil Karthikeya , Gowda Bhumika , Doddawad Vidya Gowdappa , Doggalli Nagabhushana , K P Mahesh
Published: December 2023

Aim:

Many dental patients seek symptomatic treatment at pharmacies due to the lack of awareness and cost of definitive treatments such as fillings, scaling, and root canal therapy. Pharmacists are increasingly facilitating dental health self-medication due to this trend. Thus, this study aimed to determine the prevalence of pharmacist-facilitated self-medication and medication dispensing for dental and oral health needs, as well as their perspectives and limitations.

Materials and Methods:

In this questionnaire-based study, 101 pharmacists were enrolled using a convenience sampling method. The questionnaire survey tool comprised 21 close-ended questions distributed under three sections: demographics, facilitated self-medication practice, and attitude toward it, providing us with a prevalence of pharmacist-facilitated self-medication and their perspective toward this practice. Chi-square test or Fisher’s exact probability test along with logistic regression was performed for statistical analysis of data.

Results:

The study found that 96% of pharmacists dispensed prescription and OTC dental drugs. Analgesics (76.2%), antipyretics (52.5%), and antibiotics (46.5%) were the most common medications dispensed by respondents for toothache. Mild problems, patient experience, and self-knowledge allowed for rational self-medication. The main argument against the practice was that dentists should solely prescribe dental medications as they need more definitive treatment rather than arbitrary consumption of antibiotic.

Conclusion:

This study reveals a high prevalence of facilitated self-medication with non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs being the most commonly dispensed drug for oral health needs. Further studies with greater inclusive sample size are required to assess, monitor the effects of pharmacist-facilitated self-medication, and suggest amendments in pharmacy act for the benefit of both dental patients and community pharmacists.
Solitary extramedullary plasmacytoma of the gingiva—A case report with literature review
Authors: Baskar Pavithra , Appukuttan Devapriya , Crena Jasmine , Subramanian Sangeetha , Prakash PSG
Published: December 2023

Extramedullary solitary plasmacytoma (EMP) is a plasma cell neoplasm involving the soft tissues without the involvement of the bone marrow. In this case report, we present an isolated soft tissue growth on the lingual gingiva of the left mandibular canine-premolar region diagnosed as EMP based on clinical, histological, and laboratory results. Orthopantomogram and occlusal radiographs showed no osteolytic lesions. Hematoxylin and Eosin staining showed sheets of inflammatory cells, predominantly atypical plasma cells with varying degrees of differentiation showing features of pleomorphism, and multinucleated giant cells with intervening collagen fibers. Positive immunoreactivity for CD56, CD138, and kappa light chain restriction were observed. Serum protein electrophoresis demonstrated an increase in IgA levels and immunofixation electrophoresis confirmed the presence of the M band in the IgG and kappa lanes, indicating monoclonal gammopathies. Based on the above findings, the case was diagnosed as EMP; the consultant pathologist, however, recommended excluding multiple myeloma.
Development of oral health program on knowledge and oral health literacy among students and families
Authors: Intarakamhang Ungsinun , Nurash Pariyawit , Kasevayuth Kasekarn
Published: December 2023

Aim:

To develop a program on oral health literacy (OHL) and enhance oral health knowledge.

Materials and Methods:

The action research was designed to develop a learning program by 14 teachers and three dentists to implement for 180 high school students in grades 7 and 10, and 120 of their guardians. Random assignment was used to allocate three schools from regions. The data were collected by 54 items related to OHL with Cronbach α = 0.98 and the OH knowledge test of 36 items with reliability 0.65–0.78. The data were analyzed by t test and multivariate analysis of variance.

Results:

1) The teachers understood the role of being health education teachers which was related to the subject called OHL, 2) the teachers were granted an OH learning management program to be applied to health education subject for a semester, and 3) after the implement of the program integrated health education subject, it is found that the students had the OHL level as quite high, but lower than their guardians with mean 162.18 (SD = 22.97), and mean 167.42 (SD = 26.72), respectively. The results show that the guardians had significantly more OHL than students (t = 5.106, P = 0.025), and there was OH knowledge no different between students and their guardians. Students and guardians with few OH problems had higher OHL too (P < 0.05).

Conclusion:

All participants had better OHL and knowledge. OHL management program will promote smart healthy students and families.
Computed Tomographic Assessment of the Pattern of Head Injuries in a Developing Country: A Retrospective Review in a University Teaching Hospital in Nigeria
Authors: Inah Grace Ben , Efanga Samuel Archibong , Akintomide Akintunde Olusijibomi , Edem Bassey Bassey , Akanle Olufemi James , Obiora Christiana Ifeyinwa
Published: December 2023

Background:

Globally, head injury (HI) constitutes a major cause of morbidity and mortality. In many developing countries, there is inadequate access to diagnostic computed tomography computed tomography (CT) scan for assessment of suspected cases of HI. This study was aimed at assessing the pattern of HI presentations in a referral health facility in a developing country setting.

Materials and Methods:

Retrospective review of CT scans done for suspected cases of HI seen for 12 months in a Nigerian University teaching hospital. Chi-square and Fisher’s exact tests were used to identify factors associated with the severity of HI.

Results:

Seventy-nine cases of HI were seen. Most subjects were males (75, 94.9%) and within 21–30 years (31.6%). Majority of subjects (76.0%) had moderate-to-severe forms of HI. Road traffic accident (RTA) was the most common cause of HI (59, 74.7%). The most common pathology was hematoma (60, 75.9%) and was commonly in single locations (36, 60.0%). Skull fracture was the second-most common pathology (42, 53.2%) and was commonly in multiple locations. RTA, skull fracture, and multiple hematomas were associated with moderate-to-severe forms of HI.

Conclusion:

RTA was the most common cause of HI in the hospital. The incidence of HI was higher in males than females, who were largely in the most productive age group. The most common abnormalities were hematoma and skull fractures, and they were associated with severe forms of HI, thus, justifying the need for the availability and use of cranial CT scan in head trauma.
Treatment of amblyopia: an update
Authors: Gupta Swarna Biseria , Kashiv Yuri , Gaikwad Himanshu
Published: December 2023

Amblyopia, the primary cause of one-sided vision impairment among children globally, occurs at a rate of 3.7%. It stems from early visual deprivation or inadequate focusing in one eye, creating an unevenness in visual information sent to the brain’s visual cortex. Consequently, vision diminishes in the affected eye, impacting the coordination between both eyes. When signals from one eye are unclear, the brain inhibits input from that eye, disrupting the visual pathway. Apart from impacting visual coordination, amblyopia can influence tasks like eye-hand coordination, reading, and an individual’s self-perception. Several therapies have emerged for treating amblyopia in both children and adults. Traditional treatments mainly penalized the stronger eye through patching or medicinal penalization. Yet, these methods have limitations concerning their effectiveness and patient comfort, affecting individuals and their families. Recent studies indicate that people with amblyopia retain binocular cortical mechanisms responsive to varying visual stimuli levels. As a result, a more practical approach might involve simultaneously stimulating both eyes to enhance vision in the weaker eye, diminish suppression, and bolster binocular vision.
Histopathological spectrum of ovarian tumors in tertiary care centre of central India
Authors: Pandey Varsha , Mangrulkar Kasturi , kant Hatgyan Kamal , Agrawal Apurva
Published: December 2023

Background:

Ovarian tumors are common, ranking third in frequency after cervical and uterine cancer. According to the World Ovarian Cancer Coalition Atlas 2018, India has the second-highest incidence of ovarian carcinoma worldwide. In Chhattisgarh, ovarian malignancy accounts for 5.21% of all malignancies in females.

Materials and Methods:

The present descriptive observational cross-sectional study encompassed 108 cases of ovarian tumors. A histopathological examination was done, and data was compiled and analyzed.

Observations and Results:

Among the 108 ovarian tumors, 59.25% were noted in women aged 40–59 years. The primary presenting symptom was abdominal pain, reported by 57.40% of the cases. The majority of ovarian tumors were unilateral, the right side being more common. Primary ovarian tumors constituted 91.66%, while 8.33% were classified as secondary or metastatic ovarian tumors. Of 108 cases, 55.5% were malignant, 40.7% were benign, and 3.7% were borderline tumors. Surface epithelial tumors accounted for 73.14% of the cases; germ cell tumors constituted 9.25%, sex cord-stromal tumors were 7.4%, and mesenchymal tumors were 1.85%. Among surface epithelial tumors, serous cystadenocarcinoma was most common. Mature cystic teratoma was the most common germ cell tumor, and granulosa cell tumor was the most common sex cord-stromal tumor.

Conclusion:

Ovarian tumors were more commonly seen in the peri and postmenopausal age group. Primary malignant epithelial tumors were the most common type of ovarian tumor. The histopathological evaluation of ovarian tumors remains the gold standard for definitive diagnosis.
Quasi-experimental study examining the impact of video-assisted teaching intervention on knowledge concerning aseptic dressing techniques among nursing student interns
Authors: Kukreti Aradhana , Jaimini Mayank , Pareek Shatrughan
Published: December 2023

Background:

Severe infections, or wound infections, are acquired postsurgeries, leading to prolonged hospitalization and increased expenses for patients and hospitals. Aseptic dressings play a role in healing wounds by establishing a clean, moist, and breathable setting that promotes granulation and epithelialization. This method reduces infection risks, accelerates wound recovery, and lessens scarring. The research evaluates how video-guided instruction influences understanding of aseptic dressing methods specifically for infectious surgical wounds.

Materials and Methods:

A quantitative research method was employed using a preexperimental design known as a one-group pretest posttest approach. The study was conducted among 70 nursing interns selected from specific nursing schools in Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India. Participants were selected through a nonprobability sampling method. Data collection involved gathering demographic information and utilizing a self-structured knowledge questionnaire. The collected data underwent analysis through descriptive and inferential statistical methods for interpretation.

Results:

The current research demonstrated a notable disparity in nursing interns’ pretest and posttest knowledge scores concerning aseptic dressing techniques for surgical infectious wounds (P < 0.05).

Conclusion:

Video-assisted teaching programs had an impact on enhancing the understanding of aseptic dressing among nursing interns. This study could be a foundation for crafting a protocol or procedural manual for aseptic surgical wound dressing aligned with the institution’s policies.
Identification of novel stage-specific key biomarkers gene for early stage, advanced stage, and metastatic oral squamous cell carcinoma using systems biology approach
Authors: Choubey Jyotsna , Wolkenhauer Olaf , Chatterjee Tanushree
Published: December 2023

Background:

The present study aimed to identify biomarker genes associated with disease progression from an early and advanced stage to metastatic oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) and to explore their regulatory mechanism.

Materials and Methods:

Three microarray datasets, GSE85195, GSE78060, and GSE70604, were used for differential analysis using a limma package of R language. The thresholds for identifying differential expression analyses (DEGs) were an adjustedPvalue of 0.05 and a |log 2 fold change (FC)| >1. The final annotated genes were extracted by comparing the differentially expressed genes to disease-specific genes in DisGeNET. Further, gene prioritization was performed for DEGs. After that, prioritized DEGs were used to analyze functional enrichment using the database for annotation, visualization, and integrated discovery (DAVID) database. Furthermore, the prioritized DEGs were also used to construct protein–protein interaction (PPI) network using STRING database and visualized by the Cytoscape, and further analyzed by molecular complex detection (MCODE) and CytoHubba plugins to obtain essential hub genes and modules. Subsequently, the Kaplan–Meier plot was constructed for the hub gene using a publicly available dataset to analyze overall survival (OS) and to assess whether candidate molecules are prognosticators.

Results:

The study identified 10 hub genes for all three stages of OSCC. Top 10 highest-scored early-stage genes are AURKA, CDCA3, CDC45, CENPN, CDC6, MAD2L1, KIF4A, CDT1, PLK1, and CDC20; for advance stage, KIF4A, MAD2L1, AURKA, DTL, ESPL1, ECT2, CDC45, CDC20, CENPN, and CDC6; for metastatic stage, MFAP5, IRF6, P4HA2, COL11A2, COL10A1, LOXL2, BMP1, COL5A2, COL5A1, and ADAMTS14.

Hub genes were enriched in the biological process associated gene ontology term: Positive regulation of the apoptotic process, positive regulation of cell proliferation, negative regulation of the apoptotic process, and angiogenesis Wnt signaling pathway, FoxO signaling pathway, and pathways in cancer. Except for ESPL1 and COL11A2, all hub genes were highly elevated in OSCC compared with normal tissues. According to the survival analysis results, low expression levels of CNPEN and MFAP5 were significantly linked to worse OSCC patients out of the 23 hub genes studied.

Conclusion:

Several putative biomarker genes were associated with OSCC patients’ staging and OS. Therefore, they may have clinical use as diagnostic biomarkers and therapeutic targets.
Bioavailability predictions, pharmacokinetics and drug-likeness of bioactive compounds from Andrographis paniculata using Swiss ADME
Authors: Khare Soumya , Chatterjee Tanushree , Gupta Shailendra , Ashish Patel
Published: December 2023

Background:

Earlier research on Andrographis paniculata focused on documenting their bioactive compounds profiles and traditional use. Before making a drug-like substance prediction using information from in silico experimental models, the current work aimed to examine and analyze the ADMET properties. This study assessed the drug-likeness and ADMET characteristics of bioactive compounds from A. paniculata.

Materials and Methods:

The current study will be the first to use the free online tool Swiss ADME to report the ADME characteristics of A. paniculata. The ADME properties of 10 bioactive compounds from A. paniculata were screened, and the results were evaluated.

Results:

Six bioactive compounds were identified to have good gastrointestinal absorption and can penetrate the brain. These compounds include andrographolide, 14-Acetylandrographolide, Drf3188, Neoandrographolide, Isoandrographolide, and 3,19-O-diacetyl andrographolide. On the other hand, three of the bioactive compounds were found to show Ames mutagenicity: 19-O-Acetylandrographolide, 3,19-isopropylideneandrographolide, and 14-glycinylandrographolide hydrochloride. Except 5-Hydroxy-7,8-dimethoxyflavone, most of these substances do not serve as substrates for both P-glycoprotein (P-gp) and Cytochrome P-450 isoenzymes (CYP). Furthermore, all the compounds were found to pass the Lipinski rule of five, indicating their potential suitability as drug candidates.

Conclusion:

Swiss ADME has proven to be an effective, dependable, and straightforward method for determining the ADME characteristics of the bioactive compounds in A. paniculata. Based on the information, it was predicted that A. panicluata would be effective in managing the disease. To validate these findings, it is advisable to conduct further controlled experimental research exploring the bioactive compounds’ pharmacological effects.
Prevalence and assessment of child malnutrition in South Asia
Authors: Govindaraj Rose , Premkumar Ayyan , Sivasankar Vedi
Published: December 2023

Background:

Child malnutrition has been a major social problem in South Asia. Throughout the twentieth century, with aid from international food and health-related agencies and through government interventions, there has been a reduction in child malnutrition in this region. However, South Asia is burdened with a high prevalence of malnourished children in the world. About one hundred million children suffer from malnutrition-related issues. The present study has attempted to assess the conditions of child malnutrition in South Asia.

Materials and Methods:

The present study is based on secondary data from various sources such as the World Bank, WHO, and UNICEF databases. The study is categorized into three sections. The first section lays out the malnutrition trends in South Asia. It highlights the data on how the Stunting, Wasting, and obesity problems are changing in South Asia from 2000 to the present. The second section outlines the causes of child malnutrition in South Asia. It will focus on determinants of child malnutrition, mother’s literacy, family income, and social inequities. The third section elaborates on the United Nations (UN) system interventions.

Results:

There has been a consistent reduction in the prevalence of child malnutrition from the twentieth century to the twenty-first century; however, there is still a significant number of children and women under malnutrition; there is a demand for optimal nutrition at every stage of life. The effects of malnutrition are associated with less development physical and psychological; there is a risk even to the life of the child; it is also associated with the socio-economic development of the child. Thus, it affects the child’s future and the nation’s future.

Conclusion:

Finally, the paper concludes by recommending greater synergy among the food system, water and sanitation system, health system, education system, and social protection system.
A study to evaluate sensorimotor function of the upper and lower extremities of hospitalized cardiovascular accident patients by using mirror therapy as an intervention
Authors: Ramaswamy Deepa , Parimala S
Published: December 2023

Background:

Cerebrovascular accidents (CVAs) represent a substantial public health concern due to their high prevalence and associated mortality. Reports indicate that 85% of CVA survivors experience hemiplegia, with 69% suffering from limitations in their upper limb functionality. Despite the existing standard therapeutic approaches, achieving active recovery in the upper extremities remains a challenge. Mirror therapy is an uncomplicated, cost-effective, and patient-centered approach to stroke management.

Materials and Methods:

This study is a prospective observational study with a quasi-experimental design, with two groups, namely interventional and control groups. Patients who had been provisionally diagnosed and hospitalized with unilateral ischemic stroke and had upper and lower weakness or both on one side and were willing to participate in the study were included. Patients who are bedridden, ventilated, unconscious, and psychologically unstable are excluded from the study. A total of 60 patients were included in the study, 30 each in the case and control groups.

Results:

In total, 60 patients were included in the study, 30 each in the case and control groups. Most of the study participants belong to the age group of over 55 years (66.66% in the experiment group and 53.33% in the control group). Overall, 80% (n = 24) of the experiment group participants and 66.6% (n = 20) of the control group participants were males.

Conclusion:

The observations of this study depict a significant improvement in the sensorimotor function after receiving mirror therapy, which validates the findings of the previous studies and hypotheses.
Spectrum of non-neoplastic skin diseases: a histopathology-based clinicopathological correlation study
Authors: Kaul Urshlla , Chawla Archi Arun , Sahu Shilpi , Dhar Reeta
Published: December 2023

Background:

Non-neoplastic skin diseases encompass a wide array of pathologies ranging from autoimmune to infectious to diseases of unknown etiology. Clinical and microscopic examinations are the two most critical diagnostic modalities for managing skin disorders. The aim was to study the correlation between clinical and histopathological appearances of non-neoplastic skin lesions.

Materials and Methods:

This retrospective study was conducted at MGM Medical College and Hospital, Navi Mumbai, Maharashtra, India. Three hundred punch biopsies from the skin were studied for 3 years, from January 2014 to January 2017. The patient’s clinical details, including age and sex, along with other relevant findings, were taken from the requisition forms received.

Results:

Maximum cases were of infectious diseases 128 cases (43%), followed by non-infectious inflammatory diseases 92 cases (31%), vesico-bullous disorders 34 cases (11%), vascular diseases 14 cases (5%), connective tissue diseases 13 cases (4%), 6 cases (2%) each of pigmented lesions, congenital disorders, and miscellaneous. Male preponderance was seen with 177 cases (59%), with the male-to-female ratio being 1.43:1. The most typical affected age group was 21–40 years. Our study’s most common clinical presentation was plaque 122 (40.7%), followed by clinicopathological concordance in 218 cases (72.6%).

Conclusion:

Histopathological examination is essential for confirming numerous non-neoplastic skin diseases, along with comprehensive clinical history and the use of specific stains, which helped validate the diagnosis.
Evaluation of estrogen receptor, progesterone receptor, and Ki 67 immunoexpression in epithelial ovarian tumors with histopathological correlation
Authors: Priyadarshini Priyambada , Patro Manoj Kumar , Dash Anushuya , Pradhan Swayam Prava , Senapati Sunita Rani , Mohanty Saroj Ranjan
Published: December 2023

Background:

Ovarian cancer ranks sixth among women’s cancers globally and seventh among cancer-related deaths. Around 90% of ovarian cancers have an epithelial genesis. Steroid hormones like progesterone and estrogen largely influence the development of ovarian cancers. In ovarian neoplasms, the proliferation marker Ki 67 helps forecast the course of the disease.

Objective:

To study the immunohistochemical expression pattern of estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR), and Ki 67 in the surface epithelial ovarian tumors (SEOTs) and correlate the findings with the standard histopathological.

Materials and Methods:

This prospective study was conducted in the Department of Pathology, MKCG Medical College and Hospital, Brahmapur, from November 2020 to October 2022 on 62 surface epithelial ovarian tumor cases. All the patients were evaluated for standard histopathological parameters and immuno-histochemistry (IHC) status using ER, PR, and Ki 67 as primary antibodies.

Results:

A total of 62 cases of SEOTs constituted the study group, of which 42 (67.74%) were benign, 5 (8.06%) were borderline, and 15 (24.2%) were malignant on histopathological evaluation: serous SEOTs (41, 66.12%), mucinous SEOTs (18, 29.03%), endometrioid SEOTs (2, 3.22%), and clear cell carcinoma (1, 1.61%). ER expression was more in malignant tumors (10/15; 66.66%) than in borderline (3/5; 60%) and benign (11/42; 26.19%), but the expression of PR was more in benign (27/42; 64.28%), followed by borderline (3/5; 60%) and malignant (8/15; 53.33%) SEOTs. Expression of Ki 67 was found to be more malignant (14/15; 93.33%) than borderline (4/5; 80%) and benign (2/42; 4.76%) SEOTs.

Conclusion:

ER and Ki 67 were expressed more in malignant, followed by borderline and benign, whereas PR expression was more innocent than borderline and malignant.
Effect of fast stretch-shortening cycle plyometric training on lower limb strength qualities in rhythmic gymnasts
Authors: Ng Phoebe Xiao Yan , Ler Hui Yin , Low Jiun Yang , Chan Kai Quin
Published: December 2023

Introduction:

This study aimed to investigate the effects of a 6-week fast stretch-shortening cycle (SSC) plyometric training programme on both fast and slow SSC strength qualities in pre-teen rhythmic gymnasts.

Methods:

Twenty-two female gymnasts, aged 10.8 ± 1.2 years, were divided into an experimental group (EG, n = 11) and a control group (CG, n = 11). Both groups underwent a series of tests such as 10/5 repeated jump and the countermovement jump before and after the 6-week plyometric intervention programme. All participants remained in their regular rhythmic gymnastics training during the intervention period and only EG underwent the fast SSC plyometric training. The plyometric training consists of three exercises focused on achieving a ground contact time of <0.25s. The volume of foot contact was increased after 3 weeks, from 150 to 240 with 30 s rest between sets and 2 min rest between exercises for two times per week.

Results:

Results showed that EG improved significantly on reactive strength index (RSI) (53.5% ± 46.1%, P < 0.001) and jump height (JH) (8.3% ± 25%, P = 0.018), but not for CG. Furthermore, significant differences were found in RSI (P = 0.015) and JH (P = 0.006) between EG and CG at post-test.

Conclusions:

The study concluded that plyometric training that focuses on fast SSC implemented for 6 weeks on pre-teen gymnasts improves the RSI and JH, which shows that fast SSC exercises enhance the reactive strength and suggest that adaptations from fast SSC training can be transferred to slow SSC capabilities.
An association of speed performance with bone mineral density in national-level Kho-Kho players
Authors: Kalpana Kommi , Khanna Gulshan Lal , Bhati Pooja
Published: December 2023

Purpose:

The study investigated the status of bone mineral density (BMD), serum Vitamin D and calcium and their association with performance outcomes in national-level Kho-Kho players.

Methods:

Kho-Kho players (n = 52; aged 16–31 years) undergoing training in a national camp were recruited. A lumbar spine (L1–L4) scan was performed using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry to assess BMD. Blood samples were obtained to assess serum calcium and Vitamin D3 status. The 30-m sprint and Illinois tests were used to estimate speed and agility performance, respectively. The Spearman correlation and linear regression were used to ascertain the association between BMD and performance outcomes.

Results:

T-score was lower in 22.5% (mean ± standard deviation: 0.32 ± 0.96; range: −2 to +3), and serum Vitamin D3 was lower (<20 ng/ml) in 13.7% and insufficient (>20=<30 ng/ml) in 54.9% of players. No significant correlation between BMD (T-score and Z-score), serum Vitamin D3 and calcium was observed. T-score (r = 0.295, P < 0.05) and Z-score (r = 0.321, P < 0.05) were significantly positively correlated with speed but not with agility. An association was also found between Z-score (standardised-β: 1.38, confidence interval [CI]: 0.34–2.44, P < 0.01) and T-score (standardised-β: 1.49, CI: 0.37–2.62, P < 0.01) and speed.

Conclusion:

Low BMD and Vitamin D3 deficiency were prevalent amongst Kho-Kho players. Speed performance has an association with BMD.
Role of Peer Assessment in Modifying Professional Behavior among Phase 1 Medical Undergraduates: A Prospective Interventional Study
Authors: Chopra Jyoti , Dixit Rakesh K. , Sindhu Suyog , Pathak Anurag , Agrawal Shuchi
Published: December 2023

Background:

India’s competency-based medical education curriculum has now included professionalism as a core competency for medical graduates. However, assessing professionalism and interpersonal skills remains challenging. This study explores the impact of peer assessment (PA) on MBBS first-phase students’ professional behavior and its association with gender and academic performance.

Methodology:

We conducted a prospective interventional study. Over three iterations which were done at the interval of 1 month, each student evaluated six peers using the “Rochester PA tool” comprising 15 standardized items. Statistical analysis employedt-tests, Chi-square tests, analysis of variance, and correlation tests.

Results:

Hundred and forty students were enrolled and their responses were analyzed. “Unable to answer” responses significantly decreased over time (P< 0.0001), particularly when students did not consider peers as close friends (P< 0.001). PA scores remained stable over three timelines, but in the first and second iterations, females received higher scores for all the factors except for intrapersonal attributes. Academic grades correlated positively with PA scores for work habits, global items, and overall performance but not for interpersonal attributes.

Conclusions:

This study highlights PA as a valuable training tool for inculcating an understanding of professionalism among medical students in early years of MBBS course. We did not find any improvement in the professional behavior after repeated implementation of PA probably because the gap between the two evaluations was insufficient to bring about noticeable behavioral changes. Further research is required to explore if early introduction of such assessments in medical school can nurture the professional development leading to improvement in the accuracy of later peer evaluations.
Three-dimensional Printing, Bioink, Organ Printing, and Tissue Engineering Technologies, and Their Application in Modern Anatomical Pedagogy
Authors: Singh Gyanraj , Mohapatra Malay
Published: December 2023

In the evolving landscape of anatomy education, this review highlights the game changing advancements and their educational implications, focusing on the integration of three-dimensional (3D) printing, bioinks, organ printing, and tissue engineering technologies. While traditional teaching methodologies offer basic foundational knowledge, there are recognized gaps, particularly in providing a dynamic understanding of the human anatomy. 3D printing technologies, including digital anatomical printing and polyjet, emerge as crucial tools for bridging this gap and allowing the creation of customized and detailed anatomical models that facilitate a deeper understanding of the subject. Bioinks play a vital role in developing interactive tissue models, enhancing students’ engagement with living tissues and providing insight into cellular functions and physiological processes. The review also explores organ printing and contribution of tissue engineering in offering detailed organ replicas and biological substitutes enhancing students’ interaction and understanding of anatomy further. These innovations significantly influence modern anatomical pedagogy by fostering interactive learning, providing personalized educational tools and preparing students effectively for their future careers in healthcare. This comprehensive review aims not only to explore these technologies but also to anticipate the future of anatomical education, offering a vision where learning is as intricate and dynamic as the anatomy it elucidates.
Incorporating Storytelling into the Medical Curriculum
Authors: Shrivastava Saurabh RamBihariLal , Shrivastava Prateek Saurabh , Mendhe Harshal , Joshi Abhishek
Published: December 2023

Effective delivery of medical education depends on a number of factors and the role of every stakeholder is crucial to ensure the development of competent medical graduates. Storytelling in the delivery of medical education essentially refers to the employment of narratives, anecdotes, and real-life experiences to stories to share and teach medical concepts and principles. Storytelling offers a wide range of benefits to medical students and empowers them to become better and more compassionate clinicians. Each medical institution must explore the possibility of introducing storytelling within the medical curriculum to benefit students in terms of the attainment of their learning outcomes. In conclusion, storytelling in medical education is a teaching–learning method that can play its part in the development of empathy, promoting cultural understanding, and creating ethical awareness. Considering the merits of storytelling, it is the need of the hour to adopt a systematic plan to enable its integration and move forward in a journey toward creating more empathetic and culturally competent medical doctors.
Comparative Evaluation of Various Lens and Ring Flash Combination for Intraoral Photography
Authors: Harikrishnan S , Dinesh SPS , Sivakumar A , Awadh W , Alshehri A , Albar NH , Alamoudi A , Bahammam SA , Zidane B , Bahammam HA , Albar DH , Bahammam MA , Alzahrani KJ , Kalra S , Patil S
Published: December 2023

Background:

Extraoral and intraoral dental photographs serve as preoperative records and document the entire treatment. Correctly composed orthodontic photographs are crucial for remote diagnosis and may serve as a bulwark against medicolegal challenges.

Materials and Methods:

In this prospective study, intraoral frontal photographs of patients with ideal occlusion were taken using two types of lenses (EF-S 18-55 mm f/3.5-5.6 IS STM lens (Canon, Tokyo, JP), SP 90 mm F/2.8 MACRO VC lens (Model F017 Tamron, NY, USA)) and two different ring flash systems (Meike FC-100 Macro Ring LED Light (Meike, China), Macro Ring flash Lite YN-14EX (Yongnuo digital, China)). The combination of lens and flash used was grouped into four groups. Twenty-eight intraoral photographs of patients were taken. An image quality assessment survey was distributed among two groups – 50 orthodontists and 50 other dental specialists.

Results:

The participants were asked to assess all the intraoral images and subjectively score them on a scale of one to ten, with one being very poor and ten being excellent, considering the sharpness, color, brightness, contrast, and overall quality of the image. The general dentists rated the images taken with a 90-mm macro lens and ring flash as the best quality photographs. Images obtained using an 18–55 mm lens and ring LED received significantly lesser scores and were graded good by dentists.

Conclusion:

This combination of lens and flash may prove a valuable investment in the long-term aiding in excellent dental images for diagnosis and treatment monitoring.
Comparison of Oral Health and Salivary Biomarkers in Children with Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis and Healthy Individuals
Authors: Çalışkan C , Durmuş B , Yıldırım HS , Demir F , Sözeri B
Published: December 2023

Aim:

This study examines the effects of juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) on the oral health and detectability of inflammatory biomarkers IL-17, tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) and total antioxidant status (TAS) in the saliva of children with JIA.

Patients and Methods:

This study included 117 participants (39 patients with JIA and 78 systemically healthy subjects aged 8–12 years). Demographic data, responses to an oral health-related questionnaire, saliva samples, periodontal parameters [plaque index (PI), gingival index (GI) and bleeding on probing (BOP)] and dental recordings [facial profile (FP) and dental occlusion relationship (DOR)] were obtained. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays were used to determine the levels of salivary IL-17, TNF-α and TAS.

Results:

The Caries Assessment Spectrum and Treatment (CAST) index, FP and DOR distributions did not change between groups (P > 0.05). JIA patients had more temporomandibular joint (TMJ) discomfort than gingivitis patients and healthy subjects (P < 0.05). JIA patients had greater salivary IL-17 levels than healthy subjects (P < 0.05). The healthy group’s TAS was higher than that of the JIA and gingivitis groups (P < 0.05). Saliva TNF-α levels were similar between groups (P > 0.05). PI, GI, BOP and TNF-α were positively associated with salivary IL-17 (P < 0.001).

Conclusion:

Elevated salivary IL-17 and TAS levels could be used as biological markers for discriminating the clinical health status of children with JIA and gingivitis.