bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Self-assembly of phosphole-lipids in 2D films: the influence of π-interactions and steric constraints
Authors: Alinia Zahra , Miao Dandan , Baumgartner Thomas , DeWolf Christine E.
Published: December 2024

Introducing aromatic additives to Langmuir films of phosphole-lipids via subphase promotes oriented domain formation, while cospreading them as phenolic surfactants reduces film aggregation and promotes larger condensed-phase domains.
Step-wise assembly of a dysprosium–viologen framework with photoswitchable slow magnetic relaxation under a zero dc field
Authors: Huang Zhen-Na , Zhang Lei , Sun Hao-Ling
Published: December 2024

A dysprosium–viologen framework featuring photoswitchable slow magnetic relaxation under a zero dc field has been constructed step-wise by the incorporation of photochromic layered motifs with the bridging ligand of 2,5-pyrazinedicarboxylate.
Thermo-regulating effect of Al–Si microencapsulated phase change material-based catalyst support on ammonia decomposition
Authors: Tamzysi Cholila , Shimizu Yuto , Nakamura Tomokazu , Jeem Melbert , Tanahashi Keita , Kawaguchi Takahiro , Mimura Kengo , Kurniawan Ade , Nomura Takahiro
Published: December 2024

Thermo-regulating ability of the MEPCM catalyst on ammonia decomposition.
Empowering catalysis and separation: morphology control of MFI zeolites using organic additives
Authors: Zhao Jun , Yu Haijun , Xu Haimei , He Zhiyu , Shao Feng , Lu Peng , Valtchev Valentin
Published: December 2024

MFI zeolite morphology control uses specific organic additives as morphology modifiers to enhance the catalytic and separation performance.
Controlled synthesis of alkylthio-substituted poly(thienylene vinylene) and its carbon nanotube composites for enhanced thermoelectric performance
Authors: Nishiyama Koya , Hsiao Yi-Tso , Wu Wei-Ni , Lin Jhih-Min , Tung Shih-Huang , Liu Cheng-Liang , Higashihara Tomoya
Published: December 2024

Semiconducting polymers are lightweight, low cost, and easy to manufacture, making them promising candidates for application in electronic devices.
Voltage and temperature effects on low cobalt lithium-ion battery cathode degradation
Authors: Gonzalez Malabet Hernando J. , Gober Megan , Patel Prehit , L’Antigua Alex , Gabhart Austin , Amai Joseah , Xiao Xianghui , Nelson George J.
Published: December 2024

Temperature accelerates the voltage-driven degradation mechanisms in low-cobalt lithium-ion battery cathodes.
Degenerative Schultererkrankungen und Schulterverletzungen: Epidemiologie, ICD10-Codierverhalten und Versorgungsrealität – Datenanalyse von 4,9 Mio. Versicherten der AOK Baden-Württemberg
Authors: Azarderakhsh Jasmin , Siebenlist Sebastian , Schneider Olaf , Beck Frauke , Flechtenmacher Johannes
Published: December 2024

Trotz steigender Erkrankungszahlen in den letzten Jahren liegen bisher keine Daten zum
Krankheits- und Versorgungsgeschehen für degenerative Schultererkrankungen und
Schulterverletzungen sowie zum ICD10-Codierverhalten der versorgenden Ärztinnen und Ärzte vor.
Die vorliegende Arbeit stellt erstmals eine deskriptive, auf Abrechnungsdaten aus dem Jahr
2022 basierende Auswertung von codierten Schultererkrankungen von 4,9 Mio. Versicherten einer
gesetzlichen Krankenversicherung in Baden-Württemberg vor. In der Untersuchung wird
unterschieden zwischen unfallbedingten Verletzungen an der Schulter und Krankheiten,
hervorgerufen durch degenerative Veränderungen des Schulterapparats. Bei der ICD10-Codierung
wird zwischen der Angabe spezifischer (Verwendung von Schlüsselnummern der zugrunde liegenden
Erkrankung), und unspezifischer Codes, die lediglich das Symptom verschlüsseln, differenziert.
Laut Abrechnungsdaten waren Frauen etwas häufiger von Schultererkrankungen betroffen als
Männer (7,3% vs. 6,9%), wobei Frauen zum Zeitpunkt der Diagnosestellung im Mittel deutlich
älter waren. Bei Frakturen lag der Geschlechterunterschied durchschnittlich bei 20 Jahren. Die
Auswertung zum Codierverhalten machte deutlich, dass Hausärztinnen und Hausärzte im Vergleich
zu anderen Facharztgruppen häufiger unspezifische Schultererkrankungen wie Gelenkschmerz oder
Impingement-Syndrom codierten. Die Analyse der Leistungsinanspruchnahme zeigte, dass nur ein
Drittel der evaluierten Patientinnen und Patienten eine Bildgebung und nur 40% eine Verordnung
für Physiotherapie aufgrund einer Schulterdiagnose erhielten. Die Untersuchung der
Komorbiditäten ergab, dass Patientinnen und Patienten mit degenerativen Schultererkrankungen
häufiger von stoffwechselbedingten Krankheiten und Hypertonie betroffen waren als solche ohne
Schultererkrankungen. Diese Ergebnisse zur Häufigkeit codierter Schultererkrankungen in den
verschiedenen Gesundheitssektoren zeigt die Relevanz in der Bundesrepublik Deutschland für
Männer und Frauen gleichermaßen. Zusammenfassend lassen die Auswertungen – trotz methodischer
Einschränkungen – vermuten, dass bei der Diagnosestellung und der Verordnung von
therapeutischen Maßnahmen Potenzial für eine spezifischere Codierung gegeben sein könnte. Das
präzisere Wissen um die tatsächliche Ursache der Inanspruchnahme von Gesundheitsleistungen
kann einerseits für den Behandler hilfreich sein, um spezifische Diagnostik- und
Therapiemaßnahmen einzuleiten und andererseits einen u. U. erhöhten Versorgungsbedarf
innerhalb des Gesundheitssystems in der Bundesrepublik Deutschland zu identifizieren.
Artificial Intelligence in Medicine: Are We Ready?
Authors: Nagler Michael
Published: December 2024

In spite of my personal belief in the benefits of artificial intelligence (AI), reading Cathy O'Neil's book “Weapons of Math Destruction” left me feeling unsettled.1 She describes how flawed and unchecked algorithms are widely applied in areas that affect us all: hiring, credit scoring, access to education, and insurance pricing. In one example, a fixed percentage of teachers in a U.S. region was dismissed every year based on biased and opaque algorithms. The authors concluded that such algorithms act as “weapons of math destruction,” perpetuate and amplify societal biases, act unethically, and harm vulnerable populations. The question arises as to what happens when we apply these algorithms to medicine? How do we know whether we are giving our patients the correct diagnosis or prognosis? Are we still sure that patients are receiving the appropriate treatment? Would we notice if the algorithms were geared more toward the needs of companies (make a lot of money) or health insurance companies (spend as little as possible)? In fact, evidence of bias and inequality of algorithms in medicine is already available.2 Due to these risks, some of my colleagues suggest that AI should be completely banned from medicine.
A Conceptual Framework for Safe-and-Sustainable-by-Design to Support Sustainable Business Model Innovation and New Product Development
Authors: Stoycheva Stella , Peijnenburg Willie , Salieri Beatrice , Subramanian Vrishali , Oomen Agnes G. , Pizzol Lisa , Blosi Magda , Costa Anna , Doak Shareen H. , Stone Vicki , Livieri Arianna , Kestens Vikram , Garmendia Irantzu , Rauscher Hubert , Hunt Neil , Hristozov Danail , Soeteman-Hernández Lya G.
Published: December 2024

To reach a sustainable future and meet the UN’s Sustainable Development Goals (UN SDGs), business model innovation (BMI) needs to explore theoretical and practical intersections of the traditional innovation management (IM) and new product development (NPD) processes with sustainability considerations. New environmental and health policy ambitions such as those presented in the European Green Deal and the EU Chemicals Strategy for Sustainability (CSS) challenge traditional IM theories on BMI and NPD processes. The Safe-and-Sustainable-by-Design (SSbD) concept is a central element of the CSS and demands a novel approach that integrates innovation with safety and sustainability (including circularity) of materials, products, and processes without compromising their functionality and/or commercial viability. Importantly, adopting such a concept can also prevent regrettable substitutions, future liability, and brand image issues for companies. To achieve this, companies must design products with minimal environmental impact, adopt circular economy principles, and ensure social responsibility throughout the value chain, while maintaining economic viability. By doing so, companies contribute to environmental, social, and economic sustainability. In this perspective, a conceptual framework is proposed on how to achieve sustainable BMI and NPD by integrating traditional IM tools with SSbD using life cycle thinking principles while considering external (changing legislation, new business standard requirements, competitive environments, technological developments, societal views) and internal drivers (company-specific targets, company culture, corporate strategy, management capabilities). SSbD and life cycle thinking should be embedded in newly developed training for IM professional designation. This is because innovation managers can play a key role in bringing this transition into practice.
Application of Metal–Organic Frameworks in Multicomponent Reactions
Authors: Teimouri Mohammad Bagher , Latifi Younes , Behraveshfar Mahdi
Published: December 2024

Metal-catalyzed multicomponent reactions are versatile synthetic protocols often used to prepare a range of different products. These reactions provide complete molecular diversity and high atom efficiency while saving energy. Recently, metal–organic frameworks have attracted attention as environmentally friendly catalytic systems as they possess an abundance of catalytic sites in ordered crystal skeletons. In this graphical review, we highlight the recent progress made utilizing metal–organic frameworks to facilitate multicomponent reactions.
Dispelling the Myths of Percutaneous Catheter Drainage of Infected Abdominal Collections
Authors: Lorenz Jonathan M.
Published: December 2024

When consulted for percutaneous catheter drainage (PCD) of abdominopelvic collections, interventional radiologists (IRs) should consider the appropriateness of this technique in the context of other options such as conservative, endoscopic, or surgical management. Whenever possible, published data should be considered prior to performing percutaneous drainage, especially as regards controversial scenarios such as the use of fibrinolytic therapy, the primary placement of large-bore drainage catheters, the drainage of cystic tumors, the drainage of splenic abscesses, and the treatment of collections lacking an in-line drainage window. This article examines past and present published data on PCD to dispel some common myths and guide IRs toward the best applications of PCD.
Breast Biopsy Procedure Toolkit: Ultrasound, 2D Stereotactic, 3D Tomosynthesis, and MRI-Guided Procedures
Authors: Kulkarni Kirti M. , Darrow Anne , Dangeti Monika , Ecanow Jacob S.
Published: December 2024

This article explores various techniques and tips for performing successful percutaneous biopsies of the breast and axillary lymph nodes using different imaging modalities. The discussion includes detailed image guidance on ultrasound-guided, stereotactic/tomosynthesis-guided, and MRI-guided biopsies. Advice for draining fluid collections in the breast is also reviewed. Key findings include the comparative effectiveness of different imaging techniques and practical advice for improving procedural outcomes. This information is particularly relevant for radiologists involved in diagnostic and interventional breast care. Recommendations for optimizing biopsy procedures and managing complications are also presented.
Image-Guided Liver Biopsy: Perspectives from Interventional Radiology
Authors: Ma Jingqin , Yu Qian , Van Ha Thuong
Published: December 2024

Liver biopsy is a crucial aspect of interventional radiology and plays a significant role in the management of hepatobiliary diseases. Radiologists commonly perform two major image-guided liver biopsy techniques: percutaneous and transjugular approaches. It is essential for radiologists to understand the role of liver biopsy in diagnosing and treating hepatobiliary conditions, the procedural details involved, and how to manage potential complications. This article reviews the indications, contraindications, techniques, and efficacy of image-guided liver biopsy, with a focus on both percutaneous and transjugular methods.
Screening and Identification of Hypoxia-Inducible Factor Signaling Inhibitor with Antiangiogenic Activity
Authors: Li Chao , Wei Yuanzheng , Wang Ping , Xue Xiaoxian , Wei Guangyao , Chen Mu , Zhang Xinyun , Cai Lei , Zhang Yu , Zhang Xumu , Li Yingjun
Published: December 2024

Hypoxia-inducible factors (HIFs) play a key role in regulating cellular responses to low-oxygen conditions, particularly in promoting angiogenesis in tumor microenvironments. Aberrant HIF signaling enhances tumor growth and contributes to resistance against chemotherapy and radiotherapy. Targeting the HIF pathway has emerged as a promising strategy for cancer therapy. This study aimed to identify novel inhibitors of HIF signaling and evaluate their potential against the HIF–vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) axis for antiangiogenic therapy. In screening our in-house drug library using hypoxia response element dual-luciferase assay, HST3782, a novel 3-hydroxy-8-azabicyclo[3.2.1]octane-bridged compound, was identified as a promising HIF inhibitor, with IC50 of 1.028 μmol/L. In this work, the inhibitory effect of HST3782 on HIF signaling was confirmed in triple-negative breast cancer cells (SUM159) under hypoxic conditions (1% O2). Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction suggested the inhibitory effect of HST3782 on the expression of angiogenic genes, including VEGFa, VEGFR-1, BNIP3, and SERPINE1 in 786-O cells. Zebrafish model testing revealed that HST3782 inhibited intersegmental and subintestinal vessel development by up to 56% without marked toxicity. HST3782 was synthesized through a two-step 1,2,4 triazole cyclization reaction, followed by amide formation and ketone reduction steps. The last step of hydrogenation with sodium borohydride yielded a pair of endo-exo isomers. 2D-NOESY (Nuclear Overhauser effect spectroscopy) analysis confirmed that the compound's endo isomer (HST3782) had superior inhibitory effects relative to its exo form (8b). Given the above, HST3782 is a novel HIF inhibitor, with strong antiangiogenic effects and presents a valuable scaffold for future development of antiangiogenic drugs targeting the HIF–VEGF axis. Further studies are warranted to optimize HST3782's pharmacokinetics and therapeutic efficacy for antiangiogenic therapy in hypoxia-related malignancies.
Enhanced thermal rectification in coupled qutrit–qubit quantum thermal diode
Authors: Rajapaksha Anuradhi , Gunapala Sarath D. , Premaratne Malin
Published: December 2024

We present a quantum thermal diode model based on a coupled qutrit–qubit system designed to control heat flow between two thermal baths with unprecedented efficiency. This differs from previous models in terms of the asymmetry introduced by spin particles and their interaction. By exploiting the interactions between degenerate states within the coupled qutrit–qubit system, our model demonstrates diode-like behavior that is both robust and energy-efficient. Utilizing the frameworks of open quantum systems and the quantum Markovian master equation, with the Born and rotating wave approximations, we comprehensively analyze the system’s behavior. Numerical simulations reveal significant thermal rectification across a wide temperature range, positioning our model as a groundbreaking solution for nanoscale heat management. In addition, we employ state transition diagrams to elucidate the transition rate characteristics that underpin the diode behavior. Finally, we explore the potential for physical implementation using superconducting circuits, highlighting the practical relevance of our design.
Prospects for searching for sterile neutrinos with gravitational wave and γ-ray burst joint observations
Authors: Feng Lu , Han Tao , Zhang Jing-Fei , Zhang Xin
Published: December 2024

Sterile neutrinos can influence the evolution of the Universe, and thus cosmological observations can be used to detect them. Future gravitational-wave (GW) observations can precisely measure absolute cosmological distances, helping to break parameter degeneracies generated by traditional cosmological observations. This advancement can lead to much tighter constraints on sterile neutrino parameters. This work provides a preliminary forecast for detecting sterile neutrinos using third-generation GW detectors in combination with future short γ-ray burst observations from a THESEUS-like telescope, an approach not previously explored in the literature. Both massless and massive sterile neutrinos are considered within the ΛCDM cosmology. We find that using GW data can greatly enhance the detection capability for massless sterile neutrinos, reaching 3σ level. For massive sterile neutrinos, GW data can also greatly assist in improving the parameter constraints, but it seems that effective detection is still not feasible.
Charged stellar structures with Adler–Finch–Skea geometry in Ricci-inverse gravity
Authors: Hussain Amjad , Almas Ayesha , Shamir M Farasat , Malik Adnan , Jamal Sajjad Shaukat
Published: December 2024

We have developed a class of charged, anisotropic, and spherically symmetric solutions, described by the function

f
(
R
,
A
)
=
R
+
α
A

, where

R

represents the Ricci scalar,

A

is the anticurvature scalar, and α is the coupling constant. The model was constructed using the Karmarkar condition to obtain the radial metric component, while the time metric component followed the approach proposed by Adler. We assumed a specific charge distribution inside the star to build the model. To ensure a smooth spacetime transition, we established boundary conditions, considering Bardeen's solution for the exterior spacetime. Additionally, we examined various physical aspects, such as energy density, pressure components, pressure anisotropy, energy conditions, the equation of state, surface redshift, compactness factor, adiabatic index, sound speed, and the Tolman–Oppenheimer–Volkoff equilibrium condition. All these conditions were met, demonstrating that the solutions we obtained are physically viable.
Explaining fermions mass and mixing hierarchies through U(1)X and Z2 symmetries
Authors: Shaikh Abdul Rahaman , Adhikari Rathin
Published: December 2024

For understanding the hierarchies of fermion masses and mixing, we extend the Standard Model (SM) gauge group with U(1)
X
and Z
2 symmetry. The field content of the SM is augmented by three heavy right-handed neutrinos, two new scalar singlets, and a scalar doublet. U(1)
X
charges of different fields are determined after satisfying anomaly cancellation conditions. In this scenario, the fermion masses are generated through higher-dimensional effective operators with O(1) Yukawa couplings. The small neutrino masses are obtained through type-1 seesaw mechanism using the heavy right-handed neutrino fields, whose masses are generated by the new scalar fields. We discuss the flavour-changing neutral current processes that arise due to the sequential nature of U(1)
X
symmetry. We have written effective higher-dimensional operators in terms of renormalizable dimension-four operators by introducing vector-like fermions.
Quantum Oppenheimer-Snyder model
Authors: Pędrak Aleksandra
Published: December 2024

The affine coherent state (ACS) quantisation method represents an effective approach to quantisation that can be adapted for the construction of a quantum spherical symmetric gravitational model. The ACS quantisation method is characterised by a relatively straightforward mathematical formalism. The method permits the quantisation of both the spatial and temporal coordinates, thereby enabling the reproduction of the classical quantity as an expectation value of an appropriate quantum observable. This paper presents the ACS quantisation of the Oppenheimer-Snyder (OS) model and discusses the general construction of the ACS quantum space. It also presents a quantum description of the OS model based on the analysis of characteristic quantum observables, with particular emphasis on the gravitational singularity area.
Squashed 7-spheres, octonions and the swampland
Authors: Nilsson B E W
Published: December 2024

We give a brief account of how to derive the entire eigenvalue spectrum of the operators on the squashed S
7 that appear in the compactification of eleven-dimensional supergravity. These spectra determine the mass spectrum of the fields in AdS
4 and are important for the corresponding 𝒩 = 1 supermultiplet structure. By an orientation-flip on the squashed S
7 we can also determine the spectrum of the corresponding non-supersymmetric theory, and, e.g., its spectrum of marginal operators on the boundary of AdS
4 which has some relevance for the AdS stability conjecture in the swampland program. Here we review recent work in [1, 2, 3] which is a continuation of the work in [4] where the complete spectrum of irreducible isometry representations of the fields in AdS
4 was derived for this compactification. Details are here given primarily for 2-forms while comments are also made on the key role of G
2 and octonions for the structure of the operator equations and mode functions on the squashed S
7. Key features of these improved methods were obtained in Joel Karlsson’s 2021 MSc thesis [5]. This is a write-up of a talk given at ISQS28, Prague, Czech Republic, July 4, 2024.
A search for integrable evolution equations with Lax pairs over the octonions
Authors: Anco Stephen C. , Lam Philic , Wolf Thomas
Published: December 2024

Four new integrable evolutions equations with operator Lax pairs are found for an octonion variable. The method uses a scaling ansatz to set up a general polynomial form for the evolution equation and the Lax pair, using KdV and mKdV scaling weights. A condition for linear differential operators to be a Lax pair over octonions is formulated and solved for the unknown coefficients in the polynomials.
Study on mechanical and thermal characteristics based on a new type of metal matrix composite cabin
Authors: Fan Mengyang , Liu Longbin , Chang Haosen
Published: December 2024

With the rapid development of aerospace technology, the aerodynamic heating problem faced by hypersonic vehicles makes it more and more demanding for the mechanical and thermal properties of cabin materials. The purpose of this study is to explore the performance of a new type of composite cabin under different temperature loads through mechanical and thermal simulation analysis. In the research, the simulation model is constructed based on the metal matrix composite instrument cabin, and the finite element analysis software is used to simulate the stress, strain, and load changes of the cabin during the temperature load of 200 °C, 500 °C and 800 °C, and compared with the traditional aluminum alloy 7075 material. The simulation results show that the new composite cabin has better mechanical and thermal performance under different temperature loads and shows good structural integrity and thermal stability while realizing a lightweight structure.
Anti-icing and temperature-rising behavior of Superhydrophobic nanoporous Aluminum conductor by anodic oxidation
Authors: Li Bo , Bai Jie , Wang Weijun , Lu Jinke , Dai Xu , Xiao Jie , Li Yingming , Hua Xujiang , Yuan Yuan , Liao Ruijin
Published: December 2024

Superhydrophobic surfaces have been extensively investigated as a surface treatment strategy for anti-icing applications. Given the complex structure of Aluminum Conductor Steel Reinforced (ACSR) used in overhead power lines, anodizing technology is regarded as a suitable method for industrial-scale preparation of such surfaces. In this study, the fabricated superhydrophobic aluminum wire exhibited an average pore diameter of 346 nm and a porosity of 60%, conferring good hydrophobicity (CA=155.6°, SA=8.2°). The anti-icing tests revealed that the treated hydrophobic aluminum demonstrated decreased ice adhesion strength and exhibited effective anti-frosting behavior. Temperature-rise tests showed that the superhydrophobic aluminum conductors could enhance the load capacity of the bare conductors by 37.6%, primarily due to the enhanced heat dissipation properties of the porous structure. Furthermore, the temperature-rise curves obtained under the wind speed indicated that the pronounced heat dissipation on ACSRs. This suggests that the prepared superhydrophobic aluminum line is capable of more effectively reducing transmission temperatures in the actual overhead environments. Therefore, the anodized nanoporous structures have good application prospects in high voltage fields for the anti-icing and heat dissipation effects.
The research of digital twin models for CNC spindle systems based on deep residual shrinkage network
Authors: Li Xiaoxu , Wang Jiahao , Wang Jianqiang , Wang Jixuan , Chen Jiaming , Kan Yingnan , Guo Yisu
Published: December 2024

This paper studies the algorithm implemented for digital twin model training for CNC spindle systems. Firstly, the framework of digital twin models for reliability analysis of CNC machine tool spindle is built, which includes a physical perception layer, an information transmission layer, and an information application layer. The built procedures of digital twins consist of five steps: reliability analysis, parameters collection, data transmission and processing, digital twin model training and evaluation, and model optimization. Then, the training algorithm based on a deep residual shrinkage network is studied, which provides an average accuracy of 98.17% and nice performance under different signal-to-noise ratios. The feasibility and effectiveness of the training method have been verified, and the rationality of the digital twin model with a 3-layer structure has been proved. This paper provides an important research basis for further research of digital twin models for complex electromechanical equipment, and optimization directions for training algorithms.
A structural scheme design of internal thread detection based on laser profile scanning
Authors: Huo Qishuo , Liang Zhihong
Published: December 2024

Based on the analysis and comparison of the advantages and disadvantages of various existing thread detection methods, a kind of internal thread detection equipment and detection method based on laser contour scanning is designed, involving intelligent non-destructive testing technology and laser precision measurement technology, which can be extended into the workpiece to be measured, especially for various kinds of workpiece with small diameter of internal thread and cannot be accurately measured by the measuring device. Through the laser profile scanner and optical reflection element, the internal thread size of the workpiece, including large diameter, small diameter, pitch, thread length, thread chamfer, thread chamfer diameter, and other parameters, can be measured with high precision and high efficiency, and the detection efficiency is high. There is no need to touch the workpiece to achieve a non-destructive inspection of the workpiece surface. The test results are accurate, comprehensive, and reliable.
Comment on ‘Extreme weather events in early summer 2018 connected by a recurrent hemispheric wave-7 pattern’
Authors: Riboldi Jacopo , Russo Emmanuele
Published: December 2024

The depiction of Rossby wave patterns in Hovmöller diagrams can be severely altered if low-pass filtering is applied to the data. Due to filtering, transient waves may appear stationary, and unphysical wave properties may emerge. This observation is particularly relevant in the context of the discussion about the existence of circumglobal, quasi-stationary Rossby waves related to extreme weather events. This commentary shows that the wavenumber-7 Rossby wave pattern of early Summer 2018 discussed by Kornhuber et al (2019 Environ. Res. Lett.
14 054002) (K19) emerged from a low-pass filtered version of an Hovmöller diagram, which displayed an unrealistic and incomplete representation of the hemispheric Rossby wave pattern. The use of an unfiltered Hovmöller diagram, on the other hand, does not support the claimed circumglobal extent and quasi-stationary propagation of the Rossby wave pattern claimed by K19.
Research of tangential cyclic loading on mechanical properties between cosine contact surfaces
Authors: Guo Tieneng , Jiang Nan , Shi Hao , Zhang Jianshuo
Published: December 2024

The investigation of the mechanical properties of contact surfaces under tangential cyclic loading is very important for understanding the stiffness and damping of combined structures. In this paper, using Hertzian contact theory and Coulomb’s friction law, the contact mechanical mechanism of a common cosine cylindrical contact model subjected to tangential loading, unloading, and reloading is investigated, and the load-displacement curves (hysteresis curves) and the energy equations of a complete displacement cycle are deduced. The results show that under the action of tangential cyclic load, the shear stress increases immediately, and the micro slip zone outside the contact area gradually expands inward until it becomes a slip zone. At this point, the hysteresis curve changes from a ‘shuttle shaped’ to a ‘quadrilateral’ shape. In addition, nonlinear finite elements are used for static simulation to verify the accuracy of the hysteresis curve, tangential stiffness, and energy dissipation analysis of the cosine contact model under different axial crossing angles. The energy equation’s fluctuation with tangential displacement under different conditions, as well as the impact of friction coefficient, axial intersection angle of the contact surface, external load, and cosine surface characteristics on the mechanical properties of the contact surface. With the increase of surface roughness or normal load, energy increases nonlinearly with the increase of displacement. Finally, when the Von Mises stress reaches the yield limit, reciprocating displacement loading will lead to plastic accumulation, resulting in wear and tear.
Positronium gas is laser-cooled to one degree above absolute zero
Authors: Dumé Isabelle
Published: December 2024

Researchers at the University of Tokyo have used a new laser technique to cool a gas of positronium atoms to temperatures as low as 1 K.
CERN celebrates 70 years at the helm of particle physics
Authors: Banks Michael
Published: December 2024

Officials gathered on 1 October for an official ceremony to celebrate 70 years of the CERN particle-physics lab, which was founded in 1954 in Geneva.
New managers take over operations at Fermilab
Authors: Gwynne Peter
Published: December 2024

A consortium of universities and companies has been awarded the contract to manage and operate Fermilab, the US’s premier particle-physics facility.
Scientific knowledge grows step-by-step
Authors: Allen Michael
Published: December 2024

Scientific knowledge is growing at a linear rate despite an exponential increase in publications, according to a study by physicists in China and the US.
AI enters the fold
Authors: Durrani Matin
Published: December 2024

The 2024 Nobel Prize for Physics brings AI under our wing.
Design evaluation and performance analysis of silver nanoparticle ink-based printed heaters
Authors: Patil Nikhila , Venkatesh Sowmmya , Swaminathan Parasuraman , Sumathi P
Published: December 2024

Printed electronics provides a low-cost, sustainable and simple fabrication route device fabrication. Silver nanoparticle (Ag NP) ink is commonly used to print conductive lines, and optimizing the printed pattern design is critical for performance improvement. This study compares three printed heater designs: serpentine, spiral, and a combination spiral-serpentine pattern. The heaters are printed using direct ink writing technique with commercial Ag NP ink on a quartz substrate, optimizing key parameters such as the number of printed layers and ink volume per layer to achieve good electrical conductivity. The conductivity values range from 3.42 × 107

Ω

−
1

 m

−
1

to 3.47 × 107

Ω

−
1

 m

−
1

for different printing passes, compared to the bulk silver conductivity of 6.3 × 107

Ω

−
1

 m

−
1

. Polydimethylsiloxane is used to encapsulate the heater patterns, and their performance is tested at temperatures up to 200 ∘C. This study also identifies potential applications for these heater designs, such as wearable electronics and flexible heating elements for metal oxide-based gas sensors. Future research will concentrate on optimizing material performance for dynamic and flexible environments, improving long-term durability, and overcoming technical barriers to large-scale production.
What makes the synergy between pollution and carbon emission control effective? Based on an evaluation of the carbon emissions trading pilot policy
Authors: Zheng Shiming , Li Yue , Xie Huiyi
Published: December 2024

To accomplish clean air and carbon peaking and neutrality goals in the new development stage, it is essential to synergize air contamination and carbon emission reduction. This research assesses the synergistic effect between air contamination and carbon emission reduction of the carbon emissions trading (CET) pilot policy in China using the difference-in-differences (DID) model. The results demonstrate that, first, this policy has a dual impact by considerably reducing both carbon emissions and PM

2.5 emissions. Second, the pilot policy can decrease carbon emissions through ‘pollution-to-carbon’ synergistic control effect, which enables the incentive and restraint functions to be strengthened for trading carbon emissions. Nevertheless, the synergistic control effect of ‘carbon-to-pollution’ is not significant since the replacement effect produced by investment pressure. Third, the synergy between air contamination and carbon emission management in pilot areas substantially reduces pollution emissions, suggesting that a greater degree of synergistic control generates more effective incentive or restraint effect.
Towards inclusive green growth in Chinese cities: investigating the role of smart city construction
Authors: Li Ruijie , Fu Hongbo , Liu Shucheng
Published: December 2024

Smart cities are the product of the integration of China’s new urbanization and informatization. Inclusive green growth (IGG) is an important strategic idea for economic development and transformation. This study uses CRITIC-entropy weight method to quantitatively measure IGG index from the three dimensions of economic growth, green growth and inclusive growth. Based on the panel data of prefectural cities in China from 2006 to 2022, this study evaluates the impact of smart city construction on IGG using multi-period difference-in-differences and spatial difference-in-differences models. The results show that smart city construction has a significant positive impact on IGG, as well as economic growth, green growth, and inclusive growth. Meanwhile, the impact of smart city construction on IGG has significant regional heterogeneity. Mechanism test shows that smart city construction positively affects IGG through three dimensions of technology, talent, and governance. Furthermore, there is a spatial spillover effect in smart city construction, which significantly promotes economic growth and green growth in neighboring non-pilot areas, as well as economic growth in neighboring pilot areas. This study provides valuable theoretical insights and policy ideas for planning in emerging economies to promote high-quality development and ecological civilization through smart city strategy.
Study of metallic nano-structures formed in liquids by large pulsed laser radiation spots using transmission electron microscopy
Authors: Sánchez-Torres Samuel , Pérez-García Brenda-Lizeth , Tehuacanero-Cuapa Samuel , Crespo-Sosa Alejandro
Published: December 2024

Pulsed Laser Ablation in Liquids (PLAL) represents a prominent method for synthesising metallic nanoparticles and nano-alloys. This technique offers the potential precise control over the process and resulting products. However, a comprehensive description of the underlying mechanisms is still necessary to enhance control. Our investigation involved the utilisation of low fluence 6 ns laser pulses on 35 mm2 areas of thin films comprising layers of Ag, Pt, and Au to investigate the nano-structures and alloys obtained. The large laser spot produced nano-structures with peculiar morphological characteristics. Their analysis by High-Resolution Transmission Electron Microscopy (HRTEM) confirms that the early stages of the ablation plume play an essential role in the nucleation of nano-structures when the ablating metals have a strong interaction with the fluid, which has surpassed its critical temperature and pressure.
Classification of Technologies Enabling Gestation
Authors: Romanis Elizabeth Chloe
Published: December 2024

Chapter 3 defends two claims. First, that it is useful to think about assisted gestation or technologies enabling gestation as a genus of technologies. Thinking collectively about technologies enabling gestation, the chapter argues, allows us to better consider the social, legal, and ethical implications of these technologies. I present a taxonomy of gestation on the basis of an inductive classificatory analysis of surrogacies, uterus transplantation (UTx), ectogestation, and reciprocal effortless in vitro fertilization. Second, the chapter argues that technologies within the genus ‘technologies enabling gestation’ have the potential to fundamentally alter the nature of gestation in different ways. In particular, the procreative experience of intended parent(s) is markedly different where different technologies are used. For this reason, each of these technologies (surrogacies, UTx, and ectogestation) serve different procreative needs.
Sex and Gender
Authors: Romanis Elizabeth Chloe
Published: December 2024

In the public consciousness, there is generally a conceptual integration of gender and gestation. This is because it is primarily people of female biology who identify as women who undertake gestational work (whether to procreate themselves or act as surrogates). Chapter 5 critiques arguments made by liberal feminist scholars that technologies enabling gestation might disrupt the gendered paradigms in procreation. It argues that the notion of gender equality resulting from novel technologies enabling gestation, or even of being necessary if not sufficient for emancipation, is misguided and reductive. Despite my contention that arguments about novel technologies enabling gestation resulting in gender and sex equality overstate the possibilities, artificial amniotic sac and placenta technology (AAPT) and uterus transplantation (UTx) are potentially equality-enhancing, morally desirable, and could be of value to people assigned female at birth and to sex and gender minorities. Significant social and legal reform, however, is necessary for the realization of any equality-enhancing potential.
Abortion
Authors: Romanis Elizabeth Chloe
Published: December 2024

Novel procreative technologies often fuel debates about abortion. Chapter 7 argues that novel procreative technologies, including technologies enabling gestation, have no bearing on the morality of abortion whatsoever. Unwilling pregnancy is never justifiable. Abortion decisions, it is demonstrated, are about more than bodily autonomy (as they can encompass decisions beyond whether to end a pregnancy), however, since pregnancy is bodily work, matters of bodily integrity will always be pertinent and must remain in the foreground of our thinking about the importance of access to abortion into the future (encompassing novel technologies enabling gestation). The right to end a pregnancy always belongs to the person undertaking pregnancy (whether they are an intended parent or not). This chapter reflects on the reasons why discussions about novel procreative technologies—like artificial placenta technologies—are dominated by the problematization of abortion and argue that there is a need to reorient ethical and legal reflection from such framing.
True allegiance
Authors: Wheeler Michael
Published: December 2024

Having sworn allegiance to the crown as a young bachelor MP, William briefly served under Peel as a junior minister. In Rome he discovered the true meaning of the word ‘church’. In 1838 he published his most important and controversial book, The State in its Relations to the Church. The following year he swore an oath of a different kind to Catherine Glynne of Hawarden Castle, Flintshire. Happily married and soon a father, William sought his wife’s and his father’s support as Peel returned to power and promoted him to the board of trade and the cabinet. As a member of the ‘Engagement’ at Margaret Chapel, he committed himself to ‘rescue work’ among London prostitutes. This chapter traces William’s spiritual life between 1832, when he committed himself to politics, and 1845, a year of crisis in which he resigned over the Maynooth grant and was then drawn back into the cabinet as colonial secretary.
Conclusion
Authors: Ware Owen
Published: December 2024

This concluding chapter has two overarching aims. The first is to dissolve several long-standing misconceptions about the role of mythology in romanticism. The chapter shows, for instance, that the original form of romantic mythmaking runs counter to the kind of ideological and nationalistic appeals to mythology that later critics have associated with romanticism itself. The second aim of the chapter is to make explicit some of the deeper implications of this book for rethinking British and German romanticism as advocating neither “naturalism” nor “supernaturalism.” The result is a major reassessment of the enduring value of romantic philosophy and literature, as an intellectual-poetic tradition that continues to challenge us today. The chapter closes by linking this challenge back to the romantic call for a “return of the gods.”
Beauty and Wonder
Authors: Kennedy Meegan
Published: December 2024

Victorians employed romantic tropes of wonder through a range of genres (though perhaps especially in popular settings) to model and solicit particular affective responses to the microscopical image, such as admiration, awe, reverence, astonishment, and whimsy. Microscopy challenged any notion of the disenchantment of the modern world. Informed by the ideas drawn from physiological psychology, this chapter shows how Victorian microscopists revised Burkean or Kantian notions of wonder. Their modeling and soliciting of affective flows of wonder was mediated by literary and technological structures. Examples include tropes of beauty (especially intricate beauty such as is found in diatoms) and hybridity, and the use of metaphor and analogy to describe and analyze the unusual forms found under the lens.
Natural Theology and the Beautiful Mechanism
Authors: Kennedy Meegan
Published: December 2024

Victorian microscopical texts, as with many narratives of natural history, sometimes reframe the sublime in the terms of a Paleyite natural theology. Microscopists used tropes of wonder, especially of awe and admiration, to adapt these established literary structures to microscopical aims. Microscopical images readily supported assertions of a Creator’s design in the world, as with tropes of created vs. constructed objects or the revelations of the microscope. Writers in a range of genres (though perhaps especially popularizing texts) celebrate the beautiful mechanism: that is, the beauty of natural forms, and the beauty and power of the human-made artifact that yields access to them.
The Great Experiment: race and authorship in Shonda Rhimes’s Queen Charlotte: A Bridgerton Story
Authors: Calhoun Claudia
Published: December 2024

In 2023, Shonda Rhimes’s Queen Charlotte premiered on Netflix. The series is a prequel to the streamer’s hit series, Bridgerton (2020–present), itself an adaptation of Julia Quinn’s popular series of romance books. In Bridgerton’s colour-conscious British Regency setting, the marriage of Queen Charlotte, who is Black, and King George, who is white, led to the racial integration of elite society. Queen Charlotte, written and produced by Rhimes, gives the context for their love story. Although Rhimes is known for the diversity of her television shows, this series represents her most sustained engagement with issues of race. It is also her most personal work. The story of young Charlotte reflects Rhimes’s own, as a Black woman who rose to power within a white-dominant institution. Queen Charlotte understands race not primarily as identity or culture, but as a tool used by institutions to distribute power. While Bridgerton preserves the optimistic attitude of the romance novels, Queen Charlotte ends with more ambivalence, reflecting both the sincerity of its concerns and the sensibility of its creator.
History on the Lost Coast
Authors: Whiteley Kathleen C
Published: December 2024

This essay is a response to an AHR call for works on resilience: “how to revive,” as it’s framed, “after things fall apart.” It would be hard to find a case in which “things fall apart” more completely than they historically have done for Native people in California. While this history is deeper than the American occupation of Native land, the latter half of the nineteenth century evinces a particularly brutal history of violent displacement by white settlers and the political machinery supporting their land claims. The “we are still here” rhetoric that marks so much Native American political discourse is therefore particularly necessary and pressing in California. Such claims cannot help but also mark the ways we narrate that history. The massacre on Tuluwat in Eureka, California was a point so low one cannot imagine a return, and yet the Wiyot did. They are still here, and their story has much to tell us about resilience and cultural survival. This article seeks to amplify untold stories from American Indian history and move California Indians from the margin to the center by foregrounding Native voices and ways of knowing. This work, thus, moves beyond the history of American genocide by exploring the role of Native people as complicated agents struggling for their own future.