bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Walking Away from Type 2 diabetes: a cluster randomized controlled trial
Authors: Yates T. , Edwardson C. L. , Henson J. , Gray L. J. , Ashra N. B. , Troughton J. , Khunti K. , Davies M. J.
Published: September 2016

Aims

This study aimed to investigate whether an established behavioural intervention, Walking Away from Type 2 Diabetes, is effective at promoting and sustaining increased walking activity when delivered within primary care.

Methods

Cluster randomized controlled trial involving 10 general practices recruited from Leicestershire, UK, in 2009–2010. Eight hundred and eight (36% female) individuals with a high risk of Type 2 diabetes mellitus, identified through a validated risk score, were included. Participants in five practices were randomized to Walking Away from Type 2 Diabetes, a pragmatic 3‐h group‐based structured education programme incorporating pedometer use with annual follow‐on refresher sessions. The primary outcome was accelerometer assessed ambulatory activity (steps/day) at 12 months. Longer term maintenance was assessed at 24 and 36 months. Results were analysed using generalized estimating equation models, accounting for clustering.

Results

Complete accelerometer data for the primary outcome were available for 571 (71%) participants. Increases in ambulatory activity of 411 steps/day [95% confidence interval (CI): 117, 704] and self‐reported vigorous‐intensity physical activity of 218 metabolic equivalent min/week (95% CI: 6, 425) at 12 months were observed in the intervention group compared with control; differences between groups were not sustained at 36 months. No differences between groups were observed for markers of cardiometabolic health. Replacing missing data with multiple imputation did not affect the results.

Conclusions

A pragmatic low‐resource group‐based structured education programme with pedometer use resulted in modest increases in ambulatory activity compared with control conditions after 12 months when implemented within a primary care setting to those at high risk of Type 2 diabetes mellitus; however, the results were not maintained over 36 months.
Efficacy of a virtual assistance‐based lifestyle intervention in reducing risk factors for Type 2 diabetes in young employees in the information technology industry in India: LIMIT, a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Limaye T. , Kumaran K. , Joglekar C. , Bhat D. , Kulkarni R. , Nanivadekar A. , Yajnik C.
Published: September 2016

Aims

To investigate a virtual assistance‐based lifestyle intervention to reduce risk factors for Type 2 diabetes in young employees in the information technology industry in India.

Methods

LIMIT (Lifestyle Modification in Information Technology) was a parallel‐group, partially blinded, randomized controlled trial. Employees in the information technology industry with ≥3 risk factors (family history of cardiometabolic disease, overweight/obesity, high blood pressure, impaired fasting glucose, hypertriglyceridaemia, high LDL cholesterol and low HDL cholesterol) from two industries were randomized to a control or an intervention (1:1) group. After initial lifestyle advice, the intervention group additionally received reinforcement through mobile phone messages (three per week) and e‐mails (two per week) for 1 year. The primary outcome was change in prevalence of overweight/obesity, analysed by intention to treat.

Results

Of 437 employees screened (mean age 36.2 ± 9.3 years; 74.8% men), 265 (61.0%) were eligible and randomized into control (n=132) or intervention (n=133) group. After 1 year, the prevalence of overweight/obesity reduced by 6.0% in the intervention group and increased by 6.8% in the control group (risk difference 11.2%; 95% CI 1.2–21.1; P=0.042). There were also significant improvements in lifestyle measurements, waist circumference, and total and LDL cholesterol in the intervention group.

The number‐needed‐to‐treat to prevent one case of overweight/obesity in 1 year was 9 (95% CI 5–82), with an incremental cost of INR10665 (£112.30) per case treated/prevented. A total of 98% of participants found the intervention acceptable.

Conclusions

A virtual assistance‐based lifestyle intervention was effective, cost‐effective and acceptable in reducing risk factors for diabetes in young employees in the information technology industry, and is potentially scalable.
Simulation‐based training in echocardiography
Authors: Biswas Monodeep , Patel Rajendrakumar , German Charles , Kharod Anant , Mohamed Ahmed , Dod Harvinder S. , Kapoor Poonam Malhotra , Nanda Navin C.
Published: September 2016

The knowledge gained from echocardiography is paramount for the clinician in diagnosing, interpreting, and treating various forms of disease. While cardiologists traditionally have undergone training in this imaging modality during their fellowship, many other specialties are beginning to show interest as well, including intensive care, anesthesia, and primary care trainees, in both transesophageal and transthoracic echocardiography. Advances in technology have led to the development of simulation programs accessible to trainees to help gain proficiency in the nuances of obtaining quality images, in a low stress, pressure free environment, often with a functioning ultrasound probe and mannequin that can mimic many of the pathologies seen in living patients. Although there are various training simulation programs each with their own benefits and drawbacks, it is clear that these programs are a powerful tool in educating the trainee and likely will lead to improved patient outcomes.
Long‐term maintenance and effects of exercise in early psychosis
Authors: Firth Joseph , Carney Rebekah , French Paul , Elliott Rebecca , Cotter Jack , Yung Alison R.
Published: September 2016

Aim

The aims of this study were to examine if people with first‐episode psychosis (FEP) are able to continue adhering to exercise after a supervised intervention and to explore if the benefits of exercise can be sustained.

Methods

Twenty‐eight persons with FEP took part in a 10‐week exercise intervention that provided each participant with twice‐weekly accompaniment to exercise activities of their own choice, of whom 20 were re‐assessed 6 months after the intervention. Long‐term adherence to exercise was assessed, and measures of psychiatric symptoms, physical health, neurocognition and social functioning were administered at baseline, post‐intervention and 6‐month follow‐up.

Results

During the supervised intervention, participants achieved 124.4 min of moderate‐to‐vigorous exercise per week. After 6 months, physical activity levels had decreased significantly (P = 0.025) and only 55% of participants had continued to exercise weekly. Repeated‐measures analysis of variance found that the significant improvements in psychiatric symptoms and social functioning observed immediately after the intervention were maintained at 6 months (P = 0.001). However, post hoc analyses showed that symptomatic reductions were only maintained for those who continued to exercise, whereas symptom scores increased among those who had ceased exercising. Previously observed improvements in waist circumference and verbal memory were lost by 6 months.

Conclusion

Long‐term exercise participation is associated with significant benefits for symptoms, cognition and social functioning in FEP. However, adherence to unsupervised exercise is low. Future research should explore the effectiveness of ‘step‐down’ support following supervised interventions, and aim to establish sustainable methods for maintaining regular exercise in order to facilitate functional recovery and maintain physical health.
First report of Phylloxera quercus (Hemiptera: Sternorrhyncha: Aphididae) in Algeria
Authors: Laamari M.
Published: September 2016

Surveys were conducted on 6 June 2015 in a suburban stand of Quercus ilex near Inoughissen (Province of Batna, Aurès Mountains). The results of the surveys are presented in this paper, which provides the first report of the presence of Phylloxera quercus in Algeria. Heavy infestations in 2015 are thought to be related to the high amount of rainfall recorded during the spring of that year. Symptoms included severely discoloured leaves and wounds on young shoots.
Utility and pitfalls of immunohistochemistry in the differential diagnosis between epithelioid mesothelioma and poorly differentiated lung squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Kushitani Kei , Amatya Vishwa J , Okada Yasuko , Katayama Yuya , Mawas Amany S , Miyata Yoshihiro , Okada Morihito , Inai Kouki , Kishimoto Takumi , Takeshima Yukio
Published: September 2016

Aims

The aims of this study were to clarify the usefulness of immunohistochemistry in the differential diagnosis of epithelioid mesothelioma with a solid growth pattern [solid epithelioid mesothelioma (SEM)] and poorly differentiated squamous cell carcinoma (PDSCC), and to confirm the validity of a specific type of antibody panel. Additionally, we aimed to clarify the pitfalls of immunohistochemical analyses.

Methods and results

Formalin‐fixed paraffin‐embedded specimens from 36 cases of SEM and 38 cases of PDSCC were immunohistochemically examined for calretinin, podoplanin (D2‐40), Wilms’ tumour gene product (WT1), cytokeratin (CK) 5/6, p40, p63, carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), epithelial‐related antigen (MOC31), claudin‐4, thyroid transcription factor‐1 (TTF‐1), and napsin A. WT1 showed the highest diagnostic accuracy (85.1%) as a mesothelial marker, and CEA, p40 and claudin‐4 showed higher diagnostic accuracies (95.9%, 94.6%, and 93.2%, respectively) as carcinoma markers. Calretinin (diagnostic accuracy: 75.7%), D2‐40 (diagnostic accuracy: 67.6%), CK5/6 (diagnostic accuracy: 63.5%), TTF‐1 (diagnostic accuracy: 55.4%) and napsin A (diagnostic accuracy: 52.7%) could not differentiate between SEM and PDSCC. Among these markers, the combination of calretinin and WT1 showed the highest diagnostic accuracy (86.5%) as a positive marker, and the combination of p40 and CEA showed the highest diagnostic accuracy (97.3%) as a negative marker. The combination of CEA and claudin‐4 also showed relatively high diagnostic accuracy (94.6%) as a negative marker.

Conclusions

We recommend the combination of WT1 and calretinin as a positive maker, and the combination of CEA and claudin‐4 as a negative marker, for differential diagnoses of SEM and PDSCC.
Species richness of cuckoo bumblebees is determined by the geographical range area of the host bumblebee
Authors: Suhonen Jukka , Rannikko Janina , Sorvari Jouni
Published: September 2016

The geographical range area of host hypothesis predicts that regionally widespread host species are able to support higher local parasite species richness. In this study, we investigated the macro‐ecological patterns in cuckoo bumblebee species richness in relation to the geographical range area of their bumblebee hosts (Hymenoptera: Apidae: Bombini). The cuckoo bumblebees live in naturally fragmented environments composed of host bumblebee colonies upon which they are exclusively dependent.

We collected data on all 11 known cuckoo bumblebee species that are classified as parasites (obligate workerless social parasites) – and all 69 known bumblebee species in Europe.

Whereas some bumblebee hosts harbour several cuckoo bumblebee species, most are cuckoo free (78%). Bumblebees with a large geographical range area hosted more cuckoo bumblebee species than host species with a narrow range area. The geographical range area of cuckoo bumblebee species increased with increasing combined range area of all hosts, but it was smaller than combined range area of all hosts.

We found support for the hypothesis that the geographical range area of the host bumblebee species has an effect on the species richness of cuckoo bumblebees. If the range area of the host bumblebee species decreases, cuckoo bumblebees may become vulnerable to extinction.
Reduced sexual dichromatism, mutual ornamentation, and individual quality in the monogamous Zenaida dove Zenaida aurita
Authors: Quinard Aurélie , Cézilly Frank , Motreuil Sébastien , Rossi Jean‐Marc , Biard Clotilde
Published: September 2016

Although variation in plumage coloration is known to occur both between and within sexes, its study remains limited to a few bird families. The Zenaida dove Zenaida aurita is a socially monogamous tropical columbid bird species, characterized by an overall cinnamon‐brownish plumage and structural colorations on the head and neck. The species has been described as sexually dichromatic for plumage, although color differences between males and females are not obvious in the field. We investigated variation in the presumably melanin‐based color of the crown, mantle, breast, and belly, in the iridescent dark‐blue streaks on the head, and in the symmetric iridescent patches on the neck, over the whole spectrum visible to birds. Further, unlike most previous studies, we assessed covariation between plumage color and phenotypic traits in both males and females in relation to the putative signaling function of ornaments. Zenaida doves appeared to be slightly sexually dichromatic for the hue of pigment‐based colored areas, with males being on average more reddish than females. However, this difference was not discernible when considering the avian visual system. Conversely, although the reflectance spectra of iridescent plumage did not significantly differ between sexes in brightness, chroma or spectral position of the peaks, color discrimination analyses showed that individuals should be able to perceive between‐ or within‐sex differences in the color of the iridescent patch. In addition, several color parameters of brown and iridescent feathers were significantly related to territorial status, body condition, wing chord, and, albeit weakly, to individual multilocus heterozygosity. Overall, our results thus suggest that plumage color might be a reliable signal of quality in individuals of both sexes in this species. Further studies are needed to test the potential implication of plumage coloration in mate choice and mating patterns in the Zenaida dove.
Cyprus wheatears Oenanthe cypriaca likely reach sub‐Saharan African wintering grounds in a single migratory flight
Authors: Xenophontos Marina , Blackburn Emma , Cresswell Will
Published: September 2016

Long‐distance migratory flights with multiple stop‐overs, multiple wintering sites, and small‐scale connectivity in Afro‐Palearctic migrants are likely to increase their vulnerability to environmental change and lead to declining populations. Here we present the migration tracks and wintering locations of the first six Cyprus wheatears to be tracked with geolocators: a species with high survival and a stable population. We therefore predicted a non‐stop flight from Cyprus to sub‐Saharan wintering grounds, a single wintering area for each individual and a wide spread of wintering locations representing low migratory connectivity at the population level. The sub‐Saharan wintering grounds in south Sudan, Sudan and Ethiopia were likely reached by a single flight of an average straight‐line distance of 2538 km in ca 60 h, with an average minimum speed of 43.1 km h–1. The high speed of migration probably ruled out stop‐overs greater than a few hours. Cyprus wheatears migrated from Cyprus in mid‐late October and most probably remained at a single location throughout winter; three out of five birds with available data may have used a second site < 100 km away during February; all returned between 7–22 March when accurate geolocation data are not possible due to the equinox. Wintering locations were spread over at least 950 km. There were no tag effects on survival. Cyprus wheatears showed a migratory strategy in accordance with their observed high survival rate and demonstrated a routine flight range that allows much of the Mediterranean and the Sahara to be crossed in a rapid two and a half‐day flight.
Reduced dietary conservatism in a wild bird in the presence of intraspecific competition
Authors: McMahon Keith , Marples Nicola
Published: September 2016

The presence of intraspecific competitors can increase foraging costs through exploitation of resources. Optimal foraging theory suggests that when the cost of pursuing one food type increases, alternative resources should be accepted. Accepting novel foods readily might put a competitor at an advantage over its more conservative rivals in the race for sufficient sustenance, but also opens it to the danger of poisoning by chemically protected food. Dietary conservatism is a foraging behaviour characterised by a prolonged avoidance of novel foods, long after neophobia (initial fear of novel objects) has been overcome, and so might be seen as a disadvantage to foragers in a competitive situation. There are two stable foraging strategies found within forager populations: 1) adventurous consumers (AC) which rapidly accept novel foods and 2) foragers showing dietary conservatism (DC). The expression of these two strategies may also vary with environmental conditions. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of intraspecific competition on the levels of dietary conservatism displayed among wild caught blue tits Cyanistes caeruleus. Blue tits were offered items of both novel and familiar foods under two conditions: with a competitor and without. Our results showed that individuals who experienced competition incorporated the novel items into their diet faster than those who did not experience competition. This study demonstrates, for the first time, the degree of plasticity in the expression of the DC trait using wild birds in laboratory conditions. This plasticity represents a significant adaptation to reduce the costs of foraging conservatively when novel alternative resources should be accepted.
Does sun glare increase antipredator behaviour in prey?
Authors: Beauchamp Guy
Published: September 2016

As the sun gradually lowers over the horizon, prey species with more sun in their eyes should have more difficulty in visually monitoring their surroundings for threats and thus experience a higher predation risk. In a unique setting, I could examine changes in antipredator behaviour in a prey species, the semipalmated sandpiper Calidris pusilla, facing attacks by peregrine falcons Falco peregrinus, which originated from the general direction of the lowering sun. I predicted gradual changes in antipredator behaviour as sun glare becomes more problematic later in the day. As the day progressed, sandpipers occurred in sparser groups when the sun glared but not when clouds obscured the sun, suggesting that fewer individuals engaged in risky foraging. Pecking rate and foraging success decreased later in the day when the sun glared but not otherwise implying an increase in vigilance at the expense of foraging. When more sun hit their eyes, sandpipers also moved faster suggesting increased skittishness. The sun glare effect might be relevant to any species foraging in open areas not only when the sun sets but also when it rises especially if predators can target prey species at these vulnerable times. The temporal gradient in predation risk that the sun glare effect creates might thus apply broadly and have important consequences for antipredator vigilance, foraging efficiency, and habitat use.
No Second Chance to Make a First Impression: The “Thin‐Slice” Effect on Instructor Ratings and Learning Outcomes in Higher Education
Authors: Samudra Preeti G. , Min Inah , Cortina Kai S. , Miller Kevin F.
Published: September 2016

Prior research has found strong and persistent effects of instructor first impressions on student evaluations. Because these studies look at real classroom lessons, this finding fits two different interpretations: (1) first impressions may color student experience of instruction regardless of lesson quality, or (2) first impressions may provide valid evidence for instructional quality. By using scripted lessons, we experimentally investigated how first impression and instruction quality related to learning and evaluation of instruction among college students. Results from two studies indicate that quality of instruction is the strongest determinant of student factual and conceptual learning, but that both instructional quality and first impressions affect evaluations of the instructor. First impressions matter, but our findings suggest that lesson quality matters more.
Attentional bias in problematic drinkers with and without mild to borderline intellectual disability
Authors: van Duijvenbode N. , Didden R. , Korzilius H. P. L. M. , Engels R. C. M. E.
Published: September 2016

Background

Problematic drinkers favour the processing of alcohol‐related stimuli at the cost of other stimuli and also find it difficult to disengage their attention from these stimuli. This is indicative of an attentional bias towards alcohol. The goal of this study was to examine this bias in problematic drinkers with and without mild to borderline intellectual disability (MBID) using both eye tracking methodology and behavioural data (i.e. reaction time (RT) data).

Method

Participants (N = 133) were divided into four groups based on (estimated) full scale intelligence quotient (IQ) and severity of alcohol use‐related problems. The severity of substance use‐related problems was assessed with the Alcohol Use Disorder Identification Test (AUDIT). The visual dot probe task was used to measure the attentional bias. We analysed both eye tracking data and behavioural data (i.e. RT data) of the visual dot probe task.

Results

Problematic drinkers were not more likely than light drinkers to direct their attention towards pictures of alcoholic beverages, did not look at these pictures longer than light drinkers and did also not respond faster than light drinkers to probes replacing pictures of alcoholic beverages. However, the strength of the attentional bias varied profusely.

Conclusion

Taking the large variability in the strength of the attentional bias and the poor psychometric qualities of the measures into consideration, it is concluded that the use of these measures for clinical purposes is discouraged.
Retentive Properties of O‐Ring and Locator Attachments for Implant‐Retained Maxillary Overdentures: An In Vitro Study
Authors: ELsyad Moustafa Abdou , Elhaddad Abdelsalam Amohamed , Khirallah Ahmed Samir
Published: September 2016

Purpose

To evaluate and compare retentive properties of O‐ring and Locator attachments for implant‐retained maxillary overdentures.

Materials and Methods

Four implant analogs were inserted in canine and second premolar areas of an acrylic edentulous maxillary model. A metal‐reinforced experimental acrylic overdenture was constructed and connected to the analogs using either O‐ring (group I) or Locator (group II) attachments. Locators were divided into 3 subgroups according the degree of retention of the patrix nylon insert: Locator extra‐light retention (group IIa), Locator light retention (group IIb), and Locator medium retention (group IIc). Vertical and oblique (lateral, anterior, and posterior) dislodging forces were measured at the beginning of the study (initial retention) and after 540 cycles of denture insertion and removal (final retention).

Results

For vertical, lateral, and anterior dislodging, group IIc recorded the highest initial and final retention, and group I recorded the lowest retention. For posterior dislodging, group I recorded the highest retention, and group IIa recorded the lowest retention. For group II, vertical dislodging recorded the highest initial and final retention, and lateral dislodging recorded the lowest retention. For group I, posterior dislodging recorded the highest initial and final retention, and lateral dislodging recorded the lowest retention. For all dislodging forces (except posterior dislodging), the highest retention loss was recorded in group I, and the lowest retention loss was recorded in group IIa.

Conclusion

Locator medium attachment was associated with favorable retention during axial (vertical) and nonaxial (anterior and lateral) dislodging compared to other types of Locator inserts and O‐ring attachments after a simulated 6‐month period of overdenture use.
High rate of oropharyngeal Kingella kingae carriage in New Zealand children
Authors: Olijve Laudi , Podmore Roslyn , Anderson Trevor , Walls Tony
Published: September 2016

Aim

This study aimed to describe the burden of disease and estimated rates of oropharyngeal carriage of Kingella kingae among New Zealand children. We compared polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and culture for the detection of this microorganism with a view to further development and implementation of K. kingae PCR in Christchurch Hospital.

Methods

Oropharyngeal swabs from children between 6 and 48 months of age were analysed by culture to estimate carriage rates of K. kingae. Samples of a subgroup of children between 12 and 24 months of age were also tested by PCR. In addition, a retrospective review was performed on all cases of invasive K. kingae disease and children with osteoarticular infections.

Results

Oropharyngeal cultures were positive for K. kingae in specimens from 4 out of 176 children (2.3%). PCR was significantly more sensitive and by PCR, the carriage rate rose to 22.9% (95% CI = 9.4–33.9%) (n = 48). From 2005 to 2015, 17 children between 6 and 48 months of age were identified with invasive infections due to K. kingae. Seventy‐four children were found to have an osteoarticular infection. Most of these were culture‐negative with a microbiological diagnosis made in only 15 cases (20.3%), only one due to K. kingae.

Conclusions

We found a very high carriage rate of K. kingae in New Zealand children and poor performance of K. kingae culture. It is likely that many cases of invasive K. kingae infections remain undetected. We recommend the use of a K. kingae PCR in all children under 4 years of age with a possible osteoarticular infection.
The TamB ortholog of Borrelia burgdorferi interacts with the β‐barrel assembly machine (BAM) complex protein BamA
Authors: Iqbal Henna , Kenedy Melisha R. , Lybecker Meghan , Akins Darrin R.
Published: September 2016

Two outer membrane protein (OMP) transport systems in diderm bacteria assist in assembly and export of OMPs. These two systems are the β‐barrel assembly machine (BAM) complex and the translocation and assembly module (TAM). The BAM complex consists of the OMP component BamA along with several outer membrane associated proteins. The TAM also consists of an OMP, designated TamA, and a single inner membrane (IM) protein, TamB. Together TamA and TamB aid in the secretion of virulence‐associated OMPs. In this study we characterized the hypothetical protein BB0794 in Borrelia burgdorferi. BB0794 contains a conserved DUF490 domain, which is a motif found in all TamB proteins. All spirochetes lack a TamA ortholog, but computational and physicochemical characterization of BB0794 revealed it is a TamB ortholog. Interestingly, BB0794 was observed to interact with BamA and a BB0794 regulatable mutant displayed altered cellular morphology and antibiotic sensitivity. The observation that B. burgdorferi contains a TamB ortholog that interacts with BamA and is required for proper outer membrane biogenesis not only identifies a novel role for TamB‐like proteins, but also may explain why most diderms harbor a TamB‐like protein while only a select group encodes TamA.
Candida albicans responds to glycostructure damage by Ace2‐mediated feedback regulation of Cek1 signaling
Authors: van Wijlick Lasse , Swidergall Marc , Brandt Philipp , Ernst Joachim F.
Published: September 2016

Candida albicans uses the Cek1 MAPK pathway to restore cells from damage of its cell wall glycostructures. Defective protein N‐ or O‐glycosylation activates Cek1 and the transcription factor Ace2 as its downstream target, to upregulate genes encoding protein O‐mannosyltransferases (Pmt proteins). In unstressed cells, Cek1‐Ace2 activity blocks expression of PMT1, which is de‐repressed by tunicamycin. Genomic binding targets of Ace2 included ZCF21, which was upregulated by Ace2 and found to repress PMT1 transcription in unstressed cells. Surprisingly, genes encoding components of the Cek1 pathway including MSB2, CST20, HST7, CEK1 and ACE2 were also identified as Ace2 targets indicating Ace2‐mediated transcriptional amplification of pathway genes under N‐glycosylation stress. In this condition, physical interaction of the Ace2 protein with the upstream MAPKKK Cst20 was detected. Cst20‐GFP showed stress‐induced import from the cytoplasm into the nucleus and phosphorylation of Ace2. Interestingly, forced nuclear localization of Cst20 inhibited Cek1‐Ace2 signaling, while forced cytoplasmic localization of Cst20 retained full signaling activity, suggesting that nuclear Cst20 downregulates the Cek1 pathway. Collectively, the results indicate that Ace2 is a versatile multifunctional transcriptional regulator, which activates glycostress responses of C. albicans by both positive forward and negative feedback regulation of Cek1 signaling.
The resistance of sour orange to Citrus tristeza virus is mediated by both the salicylic acid and RNA silencing defence pathways
Authors: Gómez‐Muñoz Neus , Velázquez Karelia , Vives María Carmen , Ruiz‐Ruiz Susana , Pina José Antonio , Flores Ricardo , Moreno Pedro , Guerri José
Published: September 2016

Citrus tristeza virus (CTV) induces in the field the decline and death of citrus varieties grafted on sour orange (SO) rootstock, which has forced the use of alternative decline‐tolerant rootstocks in affected countries, despite the highly desirable agronomic features of the SO rootstock. Declining citrus plants display phloem necrosis below the bud union. In addition, SO is minimally susceptible to CTV compared with other citrus varieties, suggesting partial resistance of SO to CTV. Here, by silencing different citrus genes with a Citrus leaf blotch virus‐based vector, we have examined the implication of the RNA silencing and salicylic acid (SA) defence pathways in the resistance of SO to CTV. Silencing of the genes RDR1, NPR1 and DCL2/DCL4, associated with these defence pathways, enhanced virus spread and accumulation in SO plants in comparison with non‐silenced controls, whereas silencing of the genes NPR3/NPR4, associated with the hypersensitive response, produced a slight decrease in CTV accumulation and reduced stunting of SO grafted on CTV‐infected rough lemon plants. We also found that the CTV RNA silencing suppressors p20 and p23 also suppress the SA signalling defence, with the suppressor activity being higher in the most virulent isolates.
Biological nitrogen fixation by alternative nitrogenases in boreal cyanolichens: importance of molybdenum availability and implications for current biological nitrogen fixation estimates
Authors: Darnajoux Romain , Zhang Xinning , McRose Darcy L. , Miadlikowska Jolanta , Lutzoni François , Kraepiel Anne M. L. , Bellenger Jean‐Philippe
Published: September 2016

Cryptogamic species and their associated cyanobacteria have attracted the attention of biogeochemists because of their critical roles in the nitrogen cycle through symbiotic and asymbiotic biological fixation of nitrogen (BNF). BNF is mediated by the nitrogenase enzyme, which, in its most common form, requires molybdenum at its active site. Molybdenum has been reported as a limiting nutrient for BNF in many ecosystems, including tropical and temperate forests. Recent studies have suggested that alternative nitrogenases, which use vanadium or iron in place of molybdenum at their active site, might play a more prominent role in natural ecosystems than previously recognized.

Here, we studied the occurrence of vanadium, the role of molybdenum availability on vanadium acquisition and the contribution of alternative nitrogenases to BNF in the ubiquitous cyanolichen Peltigera aphthosa s.l.

We confirmed the use of the alternative vanadium‐based nitrogenase in the Nostoc cyanobiont of these lichens and its substantial contribution to BNF in this organism. We also showed that the acquisition of vanadium is strongly regulated by the abundance of molybdenum.

These findings show that alternative nitrogenase can no longer be neglected in natural ecosystems, particularly in molybdenum‐limited habitats.
Circadian rhythms and metabolism: from the brain to the gut and back again
Authors: Cribbet Matthew R. , Logan Ryan W. , Edwards Mathew D. , Hanlon Erin , Bien Peek Clara , Stubblefield Jeremy J. , Vasudevan Sridhar , Ritchey Fiona , Frank Ellen
Published: September 2016

This paper focuses on the relationship between the circadian system and glucose metabolism. Research across the translational spectrum confirms the importance of the circadian system for glucose metabolism and offers promising clues as to when and why these systems go awry. In particular, basic research has started to clarify the molecular and genetic mechanisms through which the circadian system regulates metabolism. The study of human behavior, especially in the context of psychiatric disorders, such as bipolar disorder and major depression, forces us to see how inextricably linked mental health and metabolic health are. We also emphasize the remarkable opportunities for advancing circadian science through big data and advanced analytics. Advances in circadian research have translated into environmental and pharmacological interventions with tremendous therapeutic potential.
Ultrasound‐Guided Serratus Plane Block for Treatment of Postmastectomy Pain Syndromes in Breast Cancer Patients: A Case Series
Authors: Zocca Jennifer A. , Chen Grant H. , Puttanniah Vinay G. , Hung Joseph C. , Gulati Amitabh
Published: September 2016

Postmastectomy pain syndrome is common after surgical treatment for breast cancer and may be challenging to manage. Currently, there are a wide variety of approaches to treat this type of pain, including medications, physical therapy, and interventional procedures. However, because of the complexity of innervation of the breast, the serratus plane block may better target the web of nerves innervating the anterior chest wall including the breast. We present a case series of 8 patients who were successfully treated with serratus plane block for pain after treatment for breast cancer. We feel that this particular application for the serratus plane block deserves further investigation, as it is relatively easy to perform and has good clinical utility for this type of pain.
Time to grow: factors that control plant growth during mild to moderate drought stress
Authors: Verslues Paul E.
Published: September 2016

This article comments on: Time of day determines Arabidopsis transcriptome and growth dynamics under mild drought
Congestive heart failure in children with pneumonia and respiratory failure
Authors: Nimdet Kachaporn , Techakehakij Win
Published: September 2016

Background

Congestive heart failure (CHF) is one of the most common cardiac complications of pneumonia in adulthood leading to increased risk of morbidity and mortality. Little is known, however, of CHF and pneumonia in children. The aim of this study was therefore to investigate the characteristics and factors associated with CHF in under‐5 children with pneumonia and respiratory failure.

Methods

A retrospective cohort was conducted in hospitalized patients aged 2–59 months with community‐acquired pneumonia and respiratory failure from June 2011 to June 2014 at Suratthani Hospital, Thailand. The characteristics, therapeutic strategy, and clinical outcomes of CHF were reviewed. Baseline characteristics and basic laboratory investigations on admission were compared between the CHF and non‐CHF groups.

Results

Of 135 patients, 14 (10%) had CHF. Compared with patients without CHF, the CHF group had prolonged intubation and hospital stay and high rates of associated complications such as ventilator‐associated pneumonia, sepsis, shock, and 30 day mortality. CHF was significantly associated with certain characteristics, including male sex and bacterial pneumonia.

Conclusions

Pneumonia with respiratory failure is associated with CHF even in healthy children without cardiac risks. The awareness and early recognition of CHF, particularly in male, and bacterial pneumonia, is important in order to provide immediate treatment to reduce complications.
Quality of basic life support education and automated external defibrillator setting in schools in Ishikawa, Japan
Authors: Takamura Akiteru , Ito Sayori , Maruyama Kaori , Ryo Yusuke , Saito Manami , Fujimura Shuhei , Ishiura Yuna , Hori Ariyuki
Published: September 2016

Background

Automated external defibrillators (AED) have been installed in schools in Japan since 2004, and the government strongly recommends teaching basic life support (BLS). We therefore examined the quality of BLS education and AED installation in schools.

Methods

We conducted a prefecture‐wide questionnaire survey of all primary and junior high schools in 2016, to assess BLS education and AED installation against the recommendations of the Japan Circulation Society. The results were analyzed using descriptive statistics and chi‐squared test.

Results

In total, 195 schools out of 315 (62%) responded, of which 38% have introduced BLS education for children. BLS training was held in a smaller proportion of primary schools (18%) than junior high schools (86%). More than 90% of primary school staff had undergone BLS training in the previous 2 years. The most common locations of AED were the gymnasium (32%) followed by entrance hall (28%), staffroom (25%), and infirmary (12%). The reasons given for location were that it was obvious (34%), convenient for staff (32%), could be used out of hours (17%), and the most likely location for a heart attack (15%). Approximately 18% of schools reported that it takes >5 min to reach the AED from the furthest point.

Conclusion

BLS training, AED location, and understanding of both are not sufficient to save children's lives efficiently. Authorities should make recommendations about the correct number of AED, and their location, and provide more information to improve the quality of BLS training in schools.
Worked to Death: The Relationships of Job Demands and Job Control with Mortality
Authors: Gonzalez‐Mulé Erik , Cockburn Bethany
Published: September 2016

Despite recent calls in the literature to examine the effects of the occupational context on physiological outcomes, such as mortality, little research has accumulated on this front. Thus, the purpose of this study is to investigate the interactive relationship between job demands, control, and death. Drawing from the job design, stress, and epidemiology literatures, we argue that job demands will be positively related to mortality under conditions of low control, and negatively related to mortality under conditions of high control. We tested our hypothesis using a 7‐year time‐lagged design in a sample of 2,363 individuals from the Wisconsin Longitudinal Study. Our results supported our hypothesis, with results showing that for individuals in low control jobs, high job demands are associated with a 15.4% increase in the odds of death compared to low job demands. For those in high control jobs, high job demands are associated with a 34% decrease in the odds of death compared to low job demands. Supplementary analyses revealed a similar pattern predicting body mass index in the group of surviving individuals. We discuss the implications of these findings for theory and practice, while proposing several avenues for future research.
Creativity and the Management of Technology: Balancing Creativity and Standardization
Authors: Shalley Christina E. , Gilson Lucy L.
Published: September 2016

This thought piece represents an opportunity to integrate creativity and operations management (OM) research, and in particular the management of technology (MOT), to stimulate thinking and drive research across disciplines. Specifically, we discuss how there is an inherent tension when considering how work is organized and performed given that the majority of today's jobs require a certain degree of following routinized procedures, while some level of creativity is desirable as well. Therefore, there is the need to balance standardization with the desire for creativity, and this represents an inherent paradox. Here, we propose applying a creativity lens to the work categories used in OM, and discuss the implications of considering creativity as a process and an outcome that ranges along a continuum from incremental to radical. Our goal is to start a conversation that integrates the organizational creativity literature with OM and the MOT, and in doing so leads to future research and new developments in each of these literatures.
Bayesian Inference for Matérn Repulsive Processes
Authors: Rao Vinayak , Adams Ryan P. , Dunson David D.
Published: September 2016

In many applications involving point pattern data, the Poisson process assumption is unrealistic, with the data exhibiting a more regular spread. Such repulsion between events is exhibited by trees for example, because of competition for light and nutrients. Other examples include the locations of biological cells and cities, and the times of neuronal spikes. Given the many applications of repulsive point processes, there is a surprisingly limited literature developing flexible, realistic and interpretable models, as well as efficient inferential methods. We address this gap by developing a modelling framework around the Matérn type III repulsive process. We consider some extensions of the original Matérn type III process for both the homogeneous and the inhomogeneous cases. We also derive the probability density of this generalized Matérn process, allowing us to characterize the conditional distribution of the various latent variables, and leading to a novel and efficient Markov chain Monte Carlo algorithm. We apply our ideas to data sets of spatial locations of trees, nerve fibre cells and Greyhound bus stations.
De la abundancia a la escasez: distopías latinoamericanas del siglo XXI
Authors: Becerra Eduardo
Published: September 2016

El paso de la producción al consumo de las cosas constituye un cambio de paradigma de gran significación para la cultura material. Con ello, la producción de objetos acaba convirtiéndose en fin en sí mismo y el consumo se erige en ley fundamental de las sociedades actuales. En este texto trataré de mostrar cómo, frente lo que podría definirse como un discurso de la abundancia preponderante en las ficciones latinoamericanas de finales del siglo pasado, ya en el siglo XXI empieza a vislumbrarse un imaginario donde se impone la escasez como atmósfera omnipresente. Analizaré cuatro novelas recientes para mostrar esta evolución, tratando de indagar en las causas y la significación histórica de este cambio de paradigma.
La fiesta vigilada de Antonio José Ponte. El archivo bajo sospecha
Authors: Garbatzky Irina
Published: September 2016

La autobiografía, el ensayo, la crónica, las imágenes documentales y mediáticas de La Habana, vuelven complejo el lugar de la ficción en La fiesta vigilada (2007) de Antonio José Ponte, en el cual la narración se construye como un gran dispositivo de archivación. Sin embargo, más allá del acopio material de documentación histórica y literaria, en La fiesta vigilada Ponte sitúa los discursos que emergen como efecto del mismo acto de documentar: 1) la museificación del pasado y la consagración de la ruina, como producto de la apertura al turismo internacional, 2) los documentos de la vigilancia y las novelas de espionaje escritas durante la Guerra Fría. En este punto, la recuperación de dicha narrativa le permite al autor reflexionar sobre los alcances de otra política del archivo, donde resulta menos valiosa la conservación intocada del documento o su capacidad de verificar la realidad o la identidad, que su posibilidad performativa de traducir, falsificar, recodificar y, llegado el caso, desmaterializar el dato histórico. 
Materia prima e historia en Muñecas
Authors: Hoyos Héctor
Published: September 2016

El presente artículo muestra cómo confluyen la historia del extractivismo cauchero y la del holocausto en Muñecas (2008) de Ariel Magnus. En un primer momento se sitúa a la novela en su doble trayectoria de narrativa del caucho y del trauma. A continuación se especula que un deseo de control absoluto define la relación de los humanos con el caucho; a su vez, ese deseo influiría en el lenguaje literario que representa y eventualmente repara tal relación. Por último, se propone una interpretación transcultural del rol de la así llamada materia “prima” en el materialismo histórico.
El oficio de traducir: de algunos traductores en la narrativa argentina de los años 90 y 2000
Authors: Camenen Gersende
Published: September 2016

Este artículo analiza la figura del traductor como artesano en tres novelas argentinas de los años 1990 y 2000. Figura tradicional en la cultura latinoamericana, el traductor se caracteriza aquí por su precariedad laboral e institucional y su correlativo acercamiento material a la actividad de traducir. La representación ficcional del traductor como homo faber coincide por otra parte con el discurso de los traductores reales y las últimas orientaciones de la teoría sobre la traducción. Desde la ficción, el pensamiento reflexivo y la teoría, la traducción lee la literatura desde su especificidad material: es texto, lenguaje y estilo. Figura algo anacrónica, el traductor artesanal aparece como uno de los artífices de la autonomía crítica de la literatura.
Sobre la narrativa de Daniel Guebel
Authors: Fernández Nancy
Published: September 2016

La poética de Daniel Guebel es inclasificable, menos por la disolución de los géneros (novela, relato, ensayo, teatro) en tanto resultado visible en el texto (como producto concluído) que por procedimiento y forma expuestos en el proceso de la escritura en movimiento perpetuo. Procedimiento y resultado que exponen sus ejes sobre el amor, la mística, la política y el arte, siendo ejes que privilegian el misterio como búsqueda de sentido y construcción de un universo posible; articulados sobre un narrador atento al acontecimiento, tan puntual como expansivo y al caleidoscópico perfil del personaje. La escritura de Daniel Guebel es objeto litigioso y desafiante que juega con las convenciones de la alta cultura y la cultura de masas, la lengua erudita y la lengua popular, la palabra estetizada y la letra sexuada. De este modo, los protocolos del buen decir se desnaturalizan en una experimentación extrema, entre los bordes de parámetros y valores heredados para interrogar las condiciones contemporáneas de la sensibilidad en la producción del arte y la literatura.    

 

 
'Todo lo humano es nuestro': una nueva mirada al legado de José Carlos Mariátegui
Authors: D’Allemand Patricia
Published: September 2016

Este artículo cuestiona la tendencia de la crítica a fragmentar la obra de Mariátegui, enfatizando, en cambio, su multifacética, a la vez que integrada naturaleza. La lectura aquí propuesta demuestra la extraordinaria capacidad del autor para construir puentes donde tantos otros han fracasado, a partir de una revisión de su cubrimiento de eventos políticos nacionales e internacionales y de sus exámenes de procesos históricos y sociológicos, así como de su crítica artística y literaria, de sus perfiles de intelectuales, artistas y figuras políticas, y de sus reflexiones sobre religión, cultura y revolución. 
LAS INJUSTICIAS DE LA JUSTICIA: UN ANÁLISIS DE PRECEDENTES JUDICIALES SOBRE PROTECCIÓN A LA POBLACIÓN CARCELARIA EN COLOMBIA A PARTIR DE LA DIGNIDAD HUMANA
Authors: Molinares-Hassan Viridiana , Tolosa-Morales Adel , Quintero-Ochoa Margarita
Published: September 2016

El presente artículo presenta los resultados de una investigación cuyo objetivo fue determinar y analizar los casos de tutelas presentadas por la población carcelaria sobre las transgresiones de sus derechos, en el marco del Estado Constitucional, a partir del desconocimiento de la dignidad humana. En una primera parte, realizamos un breve estudio sobre el concepto de dignidad, para pasar a describir la situación del sistema penitenciario en Colombia, ante el cual se presentan las solicitudes de protección que analizamos desde las decisiones judiciales adoptadas por la Corte Constitucional colombiana (1992-2012). Luego de este análisis, nuestras conclusiones dan cuenta de que la jurisprudencia constitucional ha desarrollado un proceso argumentativo sólido, sobre la necesidad de protección a esta población vulnerable, pero hasta la fecha no ha sido posible la materialización de estos mandatos judiciales.