bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Religion, Law, State, and covid-19 in Vietnam
Authors: Phuong Nguyen Thi
Published: October 2020

The Vietnamese state has issued numerous measures to prevent the spread of covid-19 in the country. This paper shows how the state used the law to manage religious activities for the purpose of public health during the epidemic. We argued that because of legal, institutional, and religious factors, the Vietnamese state was successful in establishing cooperation with religious organizations to implement measures restricting religious activities to limit the spread of the epidemic in the country.
Youth crime as a ‘way of life’? Prevalence and criminal career correlates among a sample of juvenile detainees in Australia
Authors: Payne Jason L , Roffey Nadienne
Published: October 2020

For more than 60 years, scholars have often likened chronic and persistent offending to ‘living a criminal way of life’, yet these evocative motifs have not received much empirical scrutiny. In particular, the so-called criminal life-style is often conceptualized as something the chronic young offender opts into as an alternative to other pro-social pathways. Whereas for older offenders, it is something into which they find themselves trapped and unable to escape. The idea that crime is a chosen ‘way of life’ among chronic young offenders has not yet received sufficient empirical scrutiny. In this study, we use archival data of nationally representative cohort ( n = 373) of young offenders in Australian custodial centers who were each asked whether crime was their ‘way of life’. From this, we estimate its prevalence and criminal-career correlates, finding that one in three strongly identify with crime as their way of life. Self-identification is also found to be strongly correlated with Indigenous status even after controlling for different features of the juvenile criminal career. In all, our data paint a vivid portrait of a criminal identity that, for the young offender, likely signals a perceived inevitability that evolves in the context of structurally and culturally conditioned opportunities. Understanding this phenomenon among youthful offenders is important if we are to be successful in our attempts to curtail criminal continuity through desistance informed interventions.
Stable bounded value analysis of disturbance in stochastic linear power systems
Authors: Xu Jie , Tong Zhanbei , Gao Wengen
Published: October 2020

Stochastic disturbances play a profound problem in the power system, which have an important impact on the stability of the power system. The paper proposes the stability analysis of stochastic disturbance bounded value of linear power system, and presents that the stability of power system has bounded value under stochastic disturbance and additional disturbance, and gives the analysis process in combination with stochastic differentiation. The equation theory proposes a numerical solution based on mean stability to calculate the boundedness of infinite systems under the influence of stochastic disturbance and additional disturbance. The results show that the system has bounded value stability under the disturbance.
Coping styles and mental health in response to societal changes during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Gurvich Caroline , Thomas Natalie , Thomas Elizabeth HX , Hudaib Abdul-Rahman , Sood Lomash , Fabiatos Kali , Sutton Keith , Isaacs Anton , Arunogiri Shalini , Sharp Gemma , Kulkarni Jayashri
Published: October 2020

Background:

Psychosocial responses to infectious disease outbreaks have the potential to inflict acute and longstanding mental health consequences. Early research across the globe has found wide ranging psychological responses to the current COVID-19 pandemic. Understanding how different coping styles can be effective in mitigating mental ill health would enable better tailored psychological support.

Aims:

The aim of this study was to gain an understanding of psychosocial responses to the COVID-19 pandemic, including depression, anxiety and distress, as well as effective coping styles in an Australian sample.

Method:

A sample of 1,495 adults, residing in Australia between April 3rd and May 3rd 2020, completed an online survey which measured psychological distress (Impact of Events Scale-Revised), depression, anxiety, stress (DASS-21), as well as coping strategies (Brief COPE).

Results:

47% of the respondents were experiencing some degree of psychological distress. Females experienced higher levels of depression, anxiety and stress than males. Coping strategies associated with better mental health were positive reframing, acceptance and humour. Conversely, self-blame, venting, behavioural disengagement and self-distraction were associated with poorer mental health.

Conclusion:

Rates of psychological symptoms amongst the Australian population are similar to those reported in other countries. Findings add to the growing literature demonstrating a gender disparity in the mental health impacts of COVID-19. Positive emotion focused coping strategies may be effective for reducing psychological symptoms. Understanding psychosocial responses including beneficial coping strategies are crucial to manage the current COVID-19 situation optimally, as well as to develop mental health response plans for future pandemics.
Untangling the role of interactions in police satisfaction: Examining direct and indirect contacts with the police
Authors: Merenda Frank , Trent Jason , Rinke Carol R
Published: October 2020

Effective policing requires the support of the communities being served, a guiding principle that has been adopted by law enforcement across the country and around the world. To this end, scholars and police executives have examined a variety of predictors that can impact upon perceptions of procedural justice and satisfaction with police. Grounded in an Experience with Police theoretical model, this paper examines the impact of procedural justice upon police satisfaction and untangles the influences of direct citizen contact versus indirect contact upon that interaction. Perceptions of procedural justice shaped by both direct and indirect contacts were shown to impact police satisfaction. Further, a secondary analysis indicated that regression weights were stronger for perceptions shaped by indirect contact. Finally, a procedurally just process was found to be a key predictor for satisfaction and equally essential as compared to the results of that encounter. Implications for further research and police policy are also addressed.
In gun we trust? A homily
Authors: Lewis Paul
Published: October 2020

Exegetically and homiletically, I offer the possibility that gun violence in US society represents God’s judgment upon our culture’s love for the gun. Talk of judgment may sound foreboding, but properly understood, it may be what the Exodus reading depicts. Current events involving multiple mass shootings in schools, churches, and public spaces may be indicative of the judgment of God on succeeding, innocent generations for the sins of our ancestors, who made the gun into an idol.
The sword-violence of Luke’s gospel: An overview of text segments
Authors: May David M.
Published: October 2020

Though most readers of the Gospel of Luke are familiar with Jesus’s well-known statement about “taking up a sword” (Luke 22:49), Gospel also references other sword-violence text segments. The first reference occurs at Jesus’s birth (Luke 2:34, 35), and the last ends with Jesus’s arrest (Luke 22:47–53). This expository article focuses upon reading Luke’s sword-violence passages with a wholistic lens that includes the theological, cultural, and social cues within the text. In this integrated reading approach, one captures the Lukan depiction of various dimensions of violence via a sword and the implicit and explicit challenge to resist sword-violence as the way for followers of Jesus.
“I have a gun and I know how to use it”: A phenomenology of handgun ownership by evangelical Christians
Authors: Rosell Tarris
Published: October 2020

American gun culture pervades American evangelicalism. Field research of this phenomenon utilizes phenomenological methods, involving online and onsite visits to Frontier Justice, a Kansas City-based gun store and boutique with evangelical Christian owners. Additional research entails concealed-carry gun training and interviews and email correspondence with Christian handgun owners, including the pastor of a church with armed security. Research culminates with the purchase of a used handgun for specified purposes. Theological ethics reflection controversially correlates the phenomenon of dutiful or fanatical evangelical gun ownership with fear, idolatry, and narcissism.
“Accessories included”: Armed Christians and the mythos of heroic violence
Authors: Utter Benjamin D.
Published: October 2020

The myth of the “good guy with a gun” is a seductive one for Americans, who cite self-defense as the foremost reason for gun ownership, and Pew data show that white, self-identified evangelicals are more likely than members of other faith groups or the average citizen to own and carry a gun. This fantasy of the individual hero’s efficacy is enticing but, I argue, incoherent.

Through comparison of past and present Southern Baptist Convention resolutions on gun violence and a close reading of gun rights advocacy rhetoric, I show how biblical language and heroic biblical exemplars are exploited to fuse fantasies of highly individualistic, personal power with a glorification of national power. The iconography of gun manufacturer merchandise perpetrates a misreading of history and Scripture, and, at least implicitly, of medieval romantic texts, as well. Careful attention to gun manufacturer advertising iconography, and to the medieval textual tradition that it appropriates, reveals a warning that the self-authorized hero, lethally “accessorized,” is as likely to threaten the safety of the community he serves as to guard it.
‘Maranga Ake Ai’ The Heroics of Constitutionalising Te Tiriti O Waitangi/The Treaty of Waitangi in Aotearoa New Zealand
Authors: Ruru Jacinta , Kohu-Morris Jacobi
Published: October 2020

In 1840, some of the sovereign nations of Māori signed te Tiriti o Waitangi (the Māori language version of the Treaty of Waitangi) with the British Crown. Hone Heke was the first Māori leader of the northern nation of Ngāpuhi to sign, but by 1844 he was leading a significant revolt against British colonialism in Aotearoa New Zealand by chopping down British flagpoles erected on his lands. While Māori may have initially welcomed the intent of te Tiriti as a means for seeking British help to protect their international borders, the British prioritised the English version of the Treaty which recorded the transfer of sovereignty from Māori to the British. As the British transposed their dominant legal traditions of governance, including bringing to the fore their doctrine of parliamentary supremacy, Māori have been seeking their survival ever since. We extend this by focusing on why the doctrine of parliamentary sovereignty needs to adapt to the Treaty’s promise of bicultural power sharing.
Comparing Groups of Life-Course Sequences Using the Bayesian Information Criterion and the Likelihood-Ratio Test
Authors: Liao Tim Futing , Fasang Anette Eva
Published: October 2020

How can we statistically assess differences in groups of life-course trajectories? The authors address a long-standing inadequacy of social sequence analysis by proposing an adaption of the Bayesian information criterion (BIC) and the likelihood-ratio test (LRT) for assessing differences in groups of sequence data. Unlike previous methods, this adaption provides a useful measure for degrees of difference, that is, the substantive significance, and the statistical significance of differences between predefined groups of life-course trajectories. The authors present a simulation study and an empirical application on whether employment life-courses converged after reunification in the former East Germany and West Germany, using data for six birth-cohort groups ages 15 to 40 years from the German National Education Panel Study. The new methods allow the authors to show that convergence of employment life-courses around reunification was stronger for men than for women and that it was most pronounced in terms of the duration of employment states but weaker for their order and timing in the life-course. Convergence of East German and West German women’s employment lives set in earlier and reflects a secular trend toward a more gender-egalitarian division of labor in West Germany that is unrelated to reunification. The simulation study and the substantive application demonstrate the usefulness of the proposed BIC and LRT methods for assessing group differences in sequence data.
Phenomenology in Public Administration: Bridging the Theory–Practice Gap
Authors: Elías María Verónica
Published: October 2020

Phenomenology is the study of things as they “appear” (phenomena) to us in their own terms, prior to formal conceptualization. This article traces the development of phenomenology in public administration within the larger realm of interpretive approaches. It describes applied phenomenology as developed by Ralph Hummel and discusses its usefulness in the study of public organizations and administrative practice. As a way of studying process, phenomenology allows administrators to bridge the theory–practice gap. Since understanding a situation depends on different kinds of knowledge, phenomenological epistemology fosters a more democratic public administration.
Fifty years with baskets
Authors: Adovasio James M
Published: October 2020

The year 2020 marks the 50th anniversary of my first publication on prehistoric basketry. Over the past five decades, the field of perishable artifact analysis has evolved dramatically. Though this evolution has not resulted in a geometric increase in the number of practitioners of this still arcane specialty, it has witnessed numerous transformations and enhancements of focus. After a half century and literally hundreds of publications, papers, and other perishable platitudes, my fundamental “message” continues to follow Weltfish’s original observation that basketry is valuable as a medium for comparative study from multiple points of view because as noted by Weltfish decades ago “the mechanical factors involved in the technical process objectify themselves in the product and are not lost in the process of making.” This contribution summarizes some of the major developments in the arena of basketry studies and, more broadly, in the field of perishable artifact analysis at large.
Dengue fever after coronary artery bypass grafting with ventricular dysfunction
Authors: Gupta Kishore , Shah Dhiren , Naik Dhaval , Chandan Amit , Bhavsar Niren , Shah Bhagyesh
Published: October 2020

A 67-year-old man who had undergone a percutaneous coronary intervention, presented with cardiac symptoms. He was managed for acute coronary syndrome and left ventricular dysfunction. After stabilization, he underwent coronary artery bypass grafting but developed dengue hemorrhagic fever postoperatively. He was monitored for hematocrit, platelet count, liver enzymes, and daily fluid balance. His platelet count fell below 40,000/µL, and due to the increased risk of bleeding, warfarin was discontinued and single antiplatelet therapy (aspirin) was continued. After 2 weeks, parameters had normalized. Regular monitoring of hematocrit, platelet count, liver enzymes, and fluid balance played a vital role in the patient’s successful recovery.
Telepsychiatry for Mental Health Service Delivery to Children and Adolescents
Authors: Kommu John Vijay Sagar , Sharma Eesha , Ramtekkar Ujjwal
Published: October 2020

Children constitute 40% of India’s population. Large number of children with psychiatric disorders and neurodevelopmental conditions are unable to access mental health services due to factors such as unavailability of these services in smaller urban and rural centres and lack of training for primary care providers. Given the relatively easy access to video conferencing technology, feasibility and acceptability of Telepsychiatry, there is an urgent need to invest resources and strengthen the use of Telepsychiatry for child and adolescent mental health training and serviced delivery . This viewpoint article discusses the need,scope,experiences and challenges related to use of Telepsychiatry in the area of child mental health.
Trauma symptoms contribute to daily experiential avoidance: Does partner support mitigate risk?
Authors: Franz Molly R. , Brock Rebecca L. , DiLillo David
Published: October 2020

Objective:

The present study examined the protective role of partner support in reducing daily experiential avoidance (EA) associated with trauma symptoms in a sample of 154 couples during pregnancy.

Background:

Although psychological distress during pregnancy may hinder the developing bond between parents and infants after birth, high quality intimate partner support has the potential to enhance psychological wellbeing during pregnancy, particularly in the context of trauma. Specifically, partner support might mitigate the impact of trauma symptoms on maladaptive coping strategies such as EA by enabling individuals to safely encounter their distress.

Method:

Participants completed a semi-structured clinical interview of support and a PTSD symptom inventory, followed by home surveys of EA over 14 days. We examined growth trajectories of EA over 14 days using latent trajectory modeling within a dyadic framework.

Results:

Trauma symptom severity was associated with higher levels of EA across the 2 weeks; however, among women, the impact of trauma symptoms on EA was no longer significant when support from a partner was above average quality or higher. Findings also revealed partner effects; to the extent that women reported higher levels of trauma symptoms, their partners had higher levels of EA.

Conclusion:

Findings highlight the protective role of high quality support from intimate partners and suggest that trauma-related interventions targeting partner support processes, especially those implemented during pregnancy, might enhance recovery and prevent further distress and dysfunction among pregnant women experiencing trauma symptoms.
The role of digital presence and investment network signals on the internationalisation of small firms
Authors: Kromidha Endrit , Robson Paul JA
Published: October 2020

This article proposes a network signalling theory approach to analyse small firm internationalisation in the digital economy. We use a data set of 4446 small- and medium-sized firms extracted from Funderbeam and logit regression models to test five hypotheses about internationalisation. Exploring a firm’s digital presence indicates that the number of social media followers is a better indicator of internationalisation than website traffic, highlighting the importance of engagement signals in the digital space. Investment signals such as the time and size of funding are also positively related to internationalisation but surprisingly, not the number of investors, suggesting that more focused investment strategies work better in the international context. To complement our international network signalling approach, controlling for firm factors such as age and size and environmental factors such as competition and industry provides a more detailed analysis. Our contribution lies in extending signalling theory in the context of international networks using a novel and extensive data set.
Robot-assisted training after proximal humeral fracture: A randomised controlled multicentre intervention trial
Authors: Kröger Inga , Nerz Corinna , Schwickert Lars , Schölch Sabine , Müßig Janina Anna , Studier-Fischer Stefan , Nolte Philip-Christian , Becker Clemens , Augat Peter
Published: October 2020

Objective:

To examine whether robotic-assisted training as a supplement to usual therapy is safe, acceptable and improves function and patient reported outcome after proximal humeral fractures (PHF).

Design:

Multicentre, assessor-blinded, randomised controlled prospective trial.

Setting:

Three different rehabilitation hospitals in Germany.

Subjects:

In total 928 PHF patients between 35 and 70 years were screened. Forty-eight participants were included in the study (intervention group n = 23; control group n = 25).

Intervention:

The control group received usual occupational and physiotherapy over three weeks, and the intervention group received additional 12 robot-assisted training sessions at the ARMEO®-Spring.

Main measures:

Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand Questionnaire (DASH), the Wolf Motor Function Test-Orthopaedic, active range of motion and grip strength were determined before and after intervention period. The DASH was additionally obtained postal 6 and 13 months following surgery.

Results:

The mean age of participants was 55 ± 10 years and was similar in both groups ( p > 0.05). The change in DASH as the primary endpoint in the intervention group after intervention was −15 (CI = 8–22), at follow-up six month −7 (CI = −2 to 16) at follow up 13 month −9 (CI = 1–16); in control group −14 (CI = 11–18), at follow-up six month −13 (CI = 7–19) at follow up 13 month −6 (CI = −3 to 14). No difference in the change was found between groups ( p > 0.05). None of the follow-up time points demonstrated an additional benefit of the robotic therapy.

Conclusion:

The additional robot-assisted therapy was safe, acceptable but showed no improvement in functional shoulder outcome compared to usual therapy only.
A Scoring Algorithm for Deriving Utility Values from the Neuro-QoL for Patients with Multiple Sclerosis
Authors: Matza Louis S. , Phillips Glenn , Dewitt Barry , Stewart Katie D. , Cella David , Feeny David , Hanmer Janel , Miller Deborah M. , Revicki Dennis A.
Published: October 2020

Introduction

The Neuro-QoL is a standardized approach to assessing health-related quality of life in people with neurological conditions, including multiple sclerosis (MS). Item banks were developed with item response theory (IRT) methodology so items are calibrated along a continuum of each construct. The purpose of this study was to develop a preference-based scoring algorithm for the Neuro-QoL to derive utilities that could be used in economic modeling.

Methods

With input from neurologists, 6 Neuro-QoL domains were selected based on relevance to MS and used to define health states for a utility elicitation study in the United Kingdom. General population participants and individuals with MS valued the health states and completed questionnaires (including Neuro-QoL short forms). The Neuro-QoL Utility Scoring System (NQU) was derived based on multi-attribute utility theory using data from the general population sample. Single-attribute disutility functions for 6 Neuro-QoL domains were estimated using isotonic regression with linear interpolation and then combined with a multiplicative model. NQU validity was assessed using MS participant data.

Results

Interviews were completed with 203 general population participants (50.2% female; mean age = 45.0 years) and 62 participants with MS (62.9% female; mean age = 46.1 years). Mean (SD) NQU scores were 0.94 (0.06) and 0.82 (0.13) for the general population and MS samples, respectively. The NQU demonstrated known-groups validity by differentiating among subgroups categorized based on level of disability. The NQU demonstrated convergent validity via correlations with generic measures (0.66 and 0.63 with EQ-5D-5L and Health Utilities Index Mark 3, respectively; both P < 0.001).

Discussion

With the NQU, utilities can be derived from any MS treatment group, subgroup, or patient sample who completes items from 6 Neuro-QoL domains. Because the Neuro-QoL is frequently used with MS patients, the NQU greatly expands the options for quantifying outcomes in cost-utility analyses conducted to inform allocation of resources for MS treatment.
Bacterial Infection in Chicken Embryos and Consequences of Yolk Sac Constitution for Embryo Survival
Authors: Rezaee Mozhgan Sharokhyan , Liebhart Dieter , Hess Claudia , Hess Michael , Paudel Surya
Published: October 2020

Bacterial infections in chicken eggs often cause mortality of embryos and clinical consequences in chicks but the pathological mechanism is unclear. We investigated the pathological changes and bacterial growth kinetics in dead and live embryos following infection with 2 Escherichia coli strains with a different clinical background and with 1 Salmonella Enteritidis strain. In 2 experiments, 12-day-old embryos were infected via the allantoic sac with 100 µl of 1 to 5 × 102 CFU/ml of one of the bacteria. In experiment 1, only dead embryos were sampled until 4 days postinfection (dpi), and surviving embryos were sampled at 5 dpi. In experiment 2, sampling was performed in dead and killed embryos sequentially at 1, 2, 3, and 4 dpi. The bacteria showed varying pathogenicity in embryos. The yolk sacs of dead embryos showed congestion, inflammation, damaged blood vessels, and abnormal endodermal epithelial cells. Such lesions were absent in the yolk sacs of negative control embryos and in those of embryos that survived infection. The livers and hearts of dead embryos showed congestion and lysed erythrocytes with no morphological changes in hepatocytes or myocardial cells. All bacteria multiplied rapidly in the yolks of infected embryos, although this did not predict survival. However, the livers of dead embryos contained significantly higher bacterial loads than the livers of the embryos that survived infection. The results provide evidence that lesions in the yolk sac, which have been neglected to date, coincide with embryonic mortality, underlining the importance of healthy yolk sacs for embryo survival.
Job passion in the context of green restaurant: Environmental stewardship orientation and job autonomy as antecedents
Authors: Chen Ching-Fu , Chen Shu-Chuan , Tsai Pei-Shan
Published: October 2020

Job passion has recently gained increasing attention, as it is crucial to employee well-being and performance. To simultaneously highlight the current trends with regard to environmental issues and organizational psychology, this article investigates the potential antecedents (i.e. environmental stewardship orientation (ESO) and job autonomy) and consequences (i.e. job satisfaction, life satisfaction, and intention to leave) of harmonious job passion among employees working in green restaurants in Taiwan. Data collected from 299 valid samples were analyzed using structural equation modeling. The results indicate that employees’ ESO and perceived job autonomy positively affect their harmonious job passion. Besides, employees with harmonious job passion may have positive job- and life-related outcomes, including high job and life satisfaction, and low intention to leave. The theoretical and practical implications of the findings are discussed, and directions for future research are identified.
Stakeholder dynamics of contextual ambidextrous capabilities and authenticity: A conceptual synchronisation for competitive advantage
Authors: Shams S. M. Riad , Vrontis Demetris , Thrassou Alkis , Themistocleous Christos , Christofi Michael
Published: October 2020

The combined effect of strategic ambidextrous management (dynamic capabilities and contextual ambidexterity), marketing and brand communication management has been implicitly and explicitly identified as bearing critical implications for competitive advantage. However, the mutual influence of these knowledge streams on competitive advantage as well as its key component of contextual ambidexterity are much under-researched. This article follows an inductive constructivist method to develop a theoretically founded conceptualisation of the means through which the various stakeholder contextual ambidextrous dynamic capabilities can leverage the organisational authenticity learning process in cross-functional management to explore and exploit new competitive advantage scopes. Specifically, this research proposes a theoretically synchronised conceptual framework that focuses on identified key attributes of the knowledge streams, interlinking their individual and combined influences on brand positioning and corporate reputation for the creation of competitive advantage. Scholarly and empirical implications are also presented along with future research avenues.
Interviewer bias in selection of anaesthesia Fellows: A single-institution quality assessment study
Authors: Sidhu Navdeep S , Pearce Greta C , Cavadino Alana
Published: October 2020

Fellowships are competitive training posts, often in a subspecialty area. We performed a quality assessment of potential interviewer bias on anaesthesia Fellow selection. After research locality approval, we analysed interview scores for all Fellowship applications to our department over six years. Panel interviewers participated in a structured interview process, asking a series of standardised questions to rate applicants. A mixed model analysis of total applicant rating with crossed effects of applicants and interviewers was used. A total of 94 applicants were interviewed by 27 panel members, with between two and four panel members per interview, giving a total of 329 applicant ratings. The random effect of applicants accounted for 45.8% of total variance in ratings (95% confidence intervals (CI) for intraclass correlation (ICC) 35.8%–57.2%) while interviewer effects accounted for 13.4% of total variance (95% CI for ICC 5.3%–30.0%). We found no evidence of bias for most potential sources after analysing multiple applicant and interviewer factors. After adjusting for interviewer training programme, applicants from other training programmes were rated a mean of 1.87 points lower than Australian and New Zealand College of Anaesthetists (ANZCA) applicants (95% CI 0.62–3.12, P = 0.003) and 1.84 points lower than Royal College of Anaesthetists (RCoA) applicants (95% CI 0.37–3.32, P = 0.014). After adjusting for applicant gender, female clinicians rated applicants 1.12 points higher (95% CI 0.19–2.06, P = 0.019) on average than male clinicians. The observed differences in interview scores amongst male and female clinicians and lower scores in applicants from programmes other than ANZCA/RCoA were small, and require confirmation in independent studies.
Efficacy of height-based formula to predict insertion depth of left-sided double lumen tube: A prospective observational study
Authors: Eldawlatly Abdelazeem A , Tahan Mohamed R El , Kanchi Naveed U , Al Qatari Ahmad , Ahmad Abdulaziz E
Published: October 2020

The insertion depth of the left-sided double-lumen tube needs careful positioning and bronchoscopic confirmation. Several formulae based on body height have been used for estimating the optimal insertion depth of a left-sided double-lumen tube. We conducted this prospective study to test the hypothesis that our earlier developed height-based formula (0.25 × body height0.916) could predict the accurate insertion depth of a left-sided double-lumen tube. After obtaining ethical approval, 66 patients who underwent thoracic surgery were included. A left-sided double-lumen tube was advanced blindly to the predicted depth of insertion calculated using our formula. The optimal position of the left-sided double-lumen tube was confirmed using a fibreoptic bronchoscope. The primary outcome was the percentage of tubes placed in the optimal position without the need for further adjustments. The secondary outcomes included the need for bronchoscopic adjustments and the final correct insertion depth of the left-sided double-lumen tube. The formula resulted in an optimum position of the left-sided double-lumen tube without further adjustments in 45 patients (70%) (95% confidence interval 58%–80%). The left-sided double-lumen tube was withdrawn or advanced in 18.2% and 12.1%, respectively, to achieve the optimal insertion depth. We found that our formula provided satisfactory positioning in about 70% of patients and that in the remaining patients, the adjustments required to achieve satisfactory positioning under fibreoptic bronchoscope guidance were minimal. Nevertheless, as it is not possible to predict which patients will have a satisfactory tube position, bronchoscopic confirmation for the final positioning is still required.
Diagnostic accuracy of viscoelastic point-of-care identification of hypofibrinogenaemia in cardiac surgical patients: A systematic review
Authors: Gibbs Neville M , Weightman William M
Published: October 2020

Hypofibrinogenaemia during cardiac surgery may increase blood loss and bleeding complications. Viscoelastic point-of-care tests provide more rapid diagnosis than laboratory measurement, allowing earlier treatment. However, their diagnostic test accuracy for hypofibrinogenaemia has never been reviewed systematically. We aimed to systematically review their diagnostic test accuracy for the identification of hypofibrinogenaemia during cardiac surgery. Two reviewers assessed relevant articles from seven electronic databases, extracted data from eligible articles and assessed quality. The primary outcomes were sensitivity, specificity and positive and negative predictive values. A total of 576 articles were screened and 81 full texts were assessed, most of which were clinical agreement or outcome studies. Only 10 diagnostic test accuracy studies were identified and only nine were eligible (ROTEM delta 7; TEG5000 1; TEG6S 1, n = 1820 patients) (ROTEM, TEM International GmbH, Munich, Germany; TEG, Haemonetics, Braintree, MA, USA). None had a low risk of bias. Four ROTEM studies with a fibrinogen threshold less than 1.5–1.6 g/l and FIBTEM threshold A10 less than 7.5–8 mm had point estimates for sensitivity of 0.61–0.88; specificity 0.54–0.94; positive predictive value 0.42–0.70; and negative predictive value 0.74–0.98 (i.e. false positive rate 30%–58%; false negative rate 2%–26%). Two ROTEM studies with higher thresholds for both fibrinogen (<2 g/l) and FIBTEM A10 (<9.5 mm) had similar false positive rates (25%–46%), as did the two TEG studies (15%–48%). This review demonstrates that there have been few diagnostic test accuracy studies of viscoelastic point-of-care identification of hypofibrinogenaemia in cardiac surgical patients. The studies performed so far report false positive rates of up to 58%, but low false negative rates. Further diagnostic test accuracy studies of viscoelastic point-of-care identification of hypofibrinogenaemia are required to guide their better use during cardiac surgery.
Centuries of Ballot-Box Transportation Planning in Los Angeles
Authors: King Hannah , Wachs Martin
Published: October 2020

Since 1980, many have marveled at Los Angeles’“innovation” of funding transportation through ballot measures that are raising billions for transportation improvements. In fact, historically much transportation infrastructure in Los Angeles was financed by local voter-approved revenues. It began in 1868 with a narrowly approved $225,000 bond measure to build the region’s first railroad, followed by an 1876 measure to grant the Southern Pacific railroad a $602,000 subsidy to entice the company to route its transcontinental line through the region. Angeleno voted on an additional 23 different transportation-related ballot measures between the passage of the Good Roads Act (1908) and the end of the New Deal (1937)—a key period of Los Angeles’ history that saw dramatic population increase and with it political contention over the direction of the region’s growth. Overall, these early transportation measures fared well with voters. Of the 25 transportation-related ballot measures in Los Angeles County from 1860 to 1960, only seven (28%) failed to pass, a far better record than nontransportation measures of which 21 of 31 (71%) went down to defeat. Regardless of whether, as some contend, Los Angeles missed a golden opportunity to create the backbone of an effective transit system that would have reduced the need for automobiles and spending many billions on freeways, it is clear that local voters have long faced competing visions for the future of Los Angeles and arguments over whether to fund transportation systems to serve these visions.
Postsecondary Mental Health Policy in Canada: A Scoping Review of the Grey Literature: Politique de santé mentale post-secondaire au Canada: un examen de la portée de la littérature grise
Authors: Monaghan Caitlin , Linden Brooke , Stuart Heather
Published: October 2020

Objective:

Concerns surrounding the mental health and well-being of Canadian postsecondary students have increased in recent years, with data suggesting increases in the prevalence of self-reported stress and psychological distress. Strategies to address postsecondary mental health have emerged at the national, provincial, and institutional levels. While reviews of the academic literature on the subject have been conducted, a detailed review of the grey literature has not. The objective of this study was to map the current state of grey literature related to current or recommended action supporting postsecondary mental health and well-being in Canada, with a focus on policy documents and guiding frameworks.

Methods:

We conducted a review following Arksey and O’Malley’s 5-step framework for scoping reviews, as well as the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines. Our search was restricted to documents with a primary focus on postsecondary mental health, a national or provincial scope, and publication date between 2000 and 2019.

Results:

While a national policy or guiding framework applicable to all postsecondary institutions across Canada does not yet exist, recommendations for policy at both the national and provincial levels were well aligned, emphasizing the need for a comprehensive approach to addressing mental health services through the use of a whole-campus approach that encompasses both upstream and downstream services.

Conclusion:

Postsecondary sector stakeholders should consider how existing policy documents and guiding frameworks can be used to inform evidence-based, institutionally specific action on postsecondary mental health. More work is required to align the fragmented action occurring across Canada and incentivize postsecondary institutions to create a sustainable, effective strategy to address the increasingly complex and unique mental health needs of their students, staff, and faculty.
Tuberculosis Contact Investigations Conducted in New York City Adult Day Care and Senior Centers, 2011–2018
Authors: Jordan Hannah T. , Calderon Magali , Pichardo Carolina , Ahuja Shama D.
Published: October 2020

Objectives:

Multiple tuberculosis (TB) exposures have been reported in New York City (NYC) adult day care and senior centers. Strategies to identify TB transmission at such locations are needed.

Method:

Review of the NYC TB Registry identified 12 contact investigations (CIs) at adult day care or senior centers (2011–2018).

Results:

Median age of the 12 index patients was 81 years. Of 148 contacts identified who had no history of TB infection or disease, 141 (95%) were tested for TB, primarily with interferon gamma release assays; 46 (33%) tested positive. Transmission was probable ( n = 3) or possible ( n = 1) at 4 (33%) centers; at all of these, the index patient had an acid-fast bacilli–positive sputum smear. Transmission was not found from index patients with negative sputum smears.

Discussion:

We found evidence of transmission of smear-positive respiratory TB disease to contacts in adult day care or senior centers, underscoring the importance of CI.
Mental Disorder Symptoms Among Nurses in Canada
Authors: Stelnicki Andrea M. , Carleton R. Nicholas
Published: October 2020

Background

Nurses face regular exposures to potentially psychologically traumatic events as part of their occupational responsibilities. Cumulative stress due to repeated exposure to such events is associated with poor mental health and an increased risk of developing clinically significant symptoms consistent with some mental disorders.

Purpose

The current study was designed to estimate rates of mental disorder symptoms among nurses in Canada and identify demographic characteristics that are associated with increased risk for mental disorder symptoms.

Method

An online survey was conducted with Canadian nurses in both English and French. Participants were recruited largely through the Canadian Federation of Nurses Unions (CFNU) member unions, non-CFNU member unions, and social media. The survey assessed current mental disorder symptoms using well-validated screening measures.

Results

A total of 4267 participants (93.8% women) completed the survey. Almost half of participants screened positive for a mental disorder (i.e., 47.9%). No gender differences emerged. Significant differences in proportions of positive screens based on each measure were found across demographic groups (e.g., age, province of residence, type of nurse).

Conclusions

The rate of positive screens appears much higher than mental disorder prevalence rates in the general Canadian population, but there were important methodological differences. The current results provide potentially important information to support researchers and healthcare administrators to investigate possible ways to mitigate and manage mental health in nursing workplaces.
Gender-Based Violence and Alcohol Consumption in Youth Leisure Contexts: Challenges for Spanish Social Work
Authors: López-Morales Juan , Álvarez-Bernardo Gloria , Romo-Avilés Nuria
Published: October 2020

Adolescent leisure contexts in which alcohol are abused have undergone changes in recent decades, with the incorporation of girls/women to more intensive forms of consumption and with new forms of gender-based violence becoming more visible. This article studies the gender differences in the use and enjoyment of time in leisure contexts, the differences in the consumption of alcohol, and the vulnerabilities to which girls/women are subjected to in order to create proposals for Spanish social work intervention. We present empirical data from a qualitative study in which a sample of students from southern Spain have been interviewed in depth with the aim of establishing the connections between alcohol use and abuse and the instances of gender violence that occur in leisure contexts. Our final objective is to reflect upon and make innovative proposals for the role of Spanish professional social workers in prevention and intervention with young alcohol users and in the gender violence that is produced in the spaces of consumption.
The impostor phenomenon and work–family conflict: An assessment of higher education
Authors: Shreffler Megan B , Murfree Jessica R , Huecker Martin R , Shreffler Jacob R
Published: October 2020

Top faculty are often at risk for experiencing the impostor phenomenon (IP) in the competitive landscape of higher education. Similarly, work–family conflict (WFC) impacts many individuals who work in higher education. The present study aimed to examine the relationship between the IP and WFC in higher education using a sample of university faculty in North America ( N = 197). Data were analysed based on faculty ranking, years of service to the profession and reported gender identity. Findings indicated a significantly higher presence of impostor experiences among tenure-track faculty, varying levels of impostor experiences based on years of service to the profession and no gender differences in IP levels. Finally, findings showed a significant positive correlation between the IP and WFC. Given the prevalence of the IP and WFC in higher education, we conclude with recommendations for administrators to implement programming to recognize and address the presence and consequences of the IP and WFC in higher education.
Biodegradable poly(urethane-urea-amide): Synthesis, characterization and mechanical studies
Authors: Deepa T , Lakshmi E Bhakya , Kayalvizhi M , Arun A
Published: October 2020

Biodegradable polyurethane with excellent mechanical property finds a lot of applications in the biomedical field. In this study, multi block copolymer poly(urethane-urea-amide) (PUUA) is prepared using polyethylene oxide, 1,6-hexamethylene diisocyanate and diamide (N1, N4-bis(6-aminohexyl)benzene-1,4-dicarboxamide (6T6) or N1, N6-bis(6-aminohexyl)hexanediamide (6A6)) by a method of solution/melt polymerization techniques. The polymer formation is confirmed by the 1H NMR spectroscopic method. Other techniques such as viscosity measurements, FT-IR, DSC, TGA, and biodegradability are used to characterize the synthesized copolymers. The hard segment crystallinity is an analyzed by FT-IR spectroscopy, it revealed that the 6T6 based polymer showed 70% of crystallinity. The synthesized copolymer shows three transitions in the DSC curve. The melting enthalpy of the hard segment depends on the amide unit employed in the polymerization process. These materials are fast crystallizing due to low under cooling value. This material has a very high thermal stability and stable up to 400°C. Tensile test confirms the strain induced crystallization of hard segment occurred in the PUUA. The biodegradability of the polymer depends on the pH and chain extenders. This type of materials can be a good candidate for tissue engineering application.
Analysis of open-hole-tension plates made of short fibre thermoplastic and reinforced with continuous fibre tailored inserts
Authors: Arnaut Katharina , Dimassi M Adli , Romahn Bernd , Atilla Ufuk , Herrmann Axel S
Published: October 2020

In the present paper, the influence of tailored load introduction inserts applied to a bolt-loaded open-hole injection plate with different short glass fibre content is investigated. The tailored load introduction inserts made with a Tailored Fibre Placement (TFP) process, as well as open-hole injection plates without an insert were considered as reference samples. The samples were tested under tensile bolt-loading. The influence of the TFP-inserts on the load bearing properties of the open-hole injection plates was investigated. The test results show a huge increase of the load-carrying ability of the short-glass-fibre specimens when TFP-inserts are integrated. Moreover, the damage tolerance was dramatically improved as the specimens with integrated TFP-inserts did not fail abruptly and a residual strength higher than the strength of the test specimen without insert could be observed. However, the strength of the test specimen with integrated insert did not exceed the strength of the insert itself in most cases.
Egocentricity, Organism, and Metaphysics: Sin and Renewal in Bavinck’s Ethics
Authors: Sutanto Nathaniel Gray
Published: October 2020

The recent discovery and translation of Herman Bavinck’s (1854–1921) Reformed Ethics and the ongoing work on the sources and contours of his organic ontology create the impetus to relate these two trajectories together. The twin questions this article will be asking, precisely, are these: what is the logical relationship between Bavinck’s organic whole federalism, where ethical ties are ontologically constitutive, with his claim in the Reformed Ethics that sin’s organizing principle is the prioritization of the ego above all else? Further, how does that organic whole anthropology inform his vision of renewal and the subsequent ethical imperative that flow from the Spirit’s regenerative work? This article traces Bavinck’s logic through the Ethics on these twin questions, while being cognizant of the rest of his oeuvre. With this exposition in hand, this article then relates Bavinck’s outlook to current discussions in Protestant theological ethics.