bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
La doble “pena”: El estado de la maternidad en el sistema correccional de Puerto Rico
Authors: Torres Vidal Edda
Published: December 2021

La ausencia de perspectiva de género en la formulación y desarrollo de las políticas públicas del sistema correccional, propenden a una visión-actuación ciega en tanto género, que lleva a una política pública que sólo puede ver y servir a un confinado hombre, en instituciones creadas desde la "neutralidad" de género. Esto implica negar y neutralizar las características y necesidades particulares de las mujeres, en especial la maternidad, lo que constituye una continua violación a los derechos humanos de las mujeres. Esta situación no puede continuar siendo abordada utilizando los métodos tradicionales de la legislatura, el sistema correccional, la academia, los profesionales de trabajo social que entienden el sistema correccional de mujeres en términos del criterio de igualdad con el hombre confinado sin tomar en cuenta sus necesidades como mujeres. El desarrollo de una filosofía y políticas de justicia debe tener como punto de partida las protagonistas de la situación que nos ocupa: las mujeres y madres confinadas. Las experiencias compartidas por estas mujeres deberán servir para abrir espacios de participación que permitan que estas protagonistas puedan ser escuchadas y reconocidas como seres capaces de articular propuestas y alternativas a su situación. El estado de las mujeres, y la maternidad en confinamiento, debe ser transformado; no hacerlo mantendrá confinamiento, debe ser transformado; no hacerlo mantendrá silenciadas las injusticias y desigualdades que se cometen "en nombre de la justicia y la seguridad del país".
Política Pública y Trabajo Social: El impacto del proceso legislativo y sus implicaciones para la profesión
Authors: Soto Fantauzzi Dennis
Published: December 2021

El trabajo social como profesión, enfrenta uno de sus más grandes retos al comienzo de un nuevo siglo: insertarse en el proceso de proponer e influenciar políticas públicas que ofrezcan soluciones noveles a las desigualdades sociales, la criminalización de la drogodependencia y el discrimen por condición social. El presente análisis les provee a los profesionales del trabajo social las estrategias necesarias para la integración del acervo de experiencias y conocimientos de la profesión en la formulación de políticas públicas, utilizando una perspectiva axiológica, tanto por la relevancia de su peritaje como de su experiencia de campo. A través de un análisis de las fases del proceso legislativo y las estrategias disponibles para la integración de los trabajadores sociales en la gestión pública y comunitaria, se analizarán algunas de las medidas legislativas que se encuentran ante la consideración de la Asamblea Legislativa de Puerto Rico, que afectan a los sectores vulnerables de nuestra sociedad.
Política pública respecto a la adopción de menores en Puerto Rico ¿tiempo de revisión?
Authors: Montañez Concepción Isabel , Santiago Orria Astrid E. , Marrero Teruel Rose
Published: December 2021

La adopción de menores es un acto legal y social que reafirma los valores de la sociedad que lo practica. En el presente artículo se discute el contexto histórico, político, social y cultural en el cual se da la adopción de menores. Se plantea las influencias de los diversos contextos en la construcción social de la adopción así como en la elaboración de las políticas públicas aprobadas en Puerto Rico especialmente las leyes 8 y 9 de enero de 1995. Se destaca el rol de la investigación y el trabajo social mediante una descripción de investigaciones realizadas en otros entornos así como en Puerto Rico. Como reflexión final se invita a buscar alternativas para que el acto de adoptar esté revestido del resguardo de la dignidad de todas las partes. Se propicia el que las parejas, mujeres u hombres que no deseen conservar la custodia de su descendencia puedan entregarlo al Estado para que ejerza su rol de "Parens Patrie"; lo cual previene la intervención que fuerza y despoja. Finalmente se concluye que la profesión de trabajo social por su función y fundamentos está llamada a iniciar acciones encaminadas a redefinir la política pública del Estado.
ANÁLISE MICROBIOLÓGICA DA CARNE BOVINA IN NATURA EM AÇOUGUES DE SUPERMERCADOS NO MUNICÍPIO DE LINS/SP
Authors: Bergamini Lucas Gabriel , Zambon Clezi Conforto
Published: December 2021

A carne bovina possui grande valor nutritivo e é um dos produtos que está muito presente nos pratos dos brasileiros. Por ser matéria orgânica e possuir alta atividade de água, pode facilmente entrar em degeneração e favorecer a proliferação de cultura de microrganismos e patógenos, caso não sejam tomados os cuidados higiênicos-sanitários necessários. Neste trabalho avaliou-se as características microbiológicas do produto, através de análises da carne bovina in natura vendida em açougues de supermercados na cidade de Lins/SP - Brasil, buscando assim, verificar se as condições sanitárias dos supermercados atendem à legislação vigente e às boas práticas de fabricação. Realizou-se em duplicatas de análises microbiológicas em carne fatiada e moída, de Bolores e Leveduras, Coliformes Termotolerantes, Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus coagulase positiva, Mesófilos, e Salmonella spp. Verificou-se que há comprometimento do produto quanto a sua qualidade higiênico-sanitária e sua integridade física. Averiguou-se que os padrões e normas de segurança alimentar regidos pela Resolução RDC nº 12/2001 são seguidos de forma adequada pelos estabelecimentos responsáveis pela manipulação e venda do alimento, pois os resultados mostraram a ausência de Salmonella spp em todas as amostras, embora tenha sido obtida alta contagem de Bolores e Leveduras, mostrando que a Resolução RDC nº 12/2001 ainda não é suficiente para a garantia da qualidade e segurança alimentar, tendo em vista o risco patogênico dos microrganismos encontrados em altas quantidades. Os dados sugerem medidas educativas para o correto processo, armazenagem e distribuição da carne in natura neste estabelecimento.
o romance sob suspeita madame bovary de gustave flobert
Authors: chang Midori Nancy Arasaki
Published: December 2021

romance era um gênero sob suspeita, carecia de prestígio literário por ser qualificado como um novo gênero, que representava um perigo maior para as camadas populares consideradas mais vulneráveis à sua influência, principalmente mulheres, crianças e jovens. Portanto, um dos agravantes do caso Flaubert, que o levaram aos tribunais, é ter construído sua obra magistral na forma do romance, pois esta decisão nesse contexto constitui uma rebeldia
Carbon Sequestration in the Soils under Horticulture Land Use in Haryana State
Authors: Gupta M.K. , Sharma S. , Kumar Manoj
Published: December 2021

A study was undertaken in Haryana to estimate Soil organic carbon stock under different orchards available there under horticulture land uses which covered 47,036 ha area in Haryana. Maximum organic carbon stock was observed under Mango (36.24 t ha-1) followed by Nebu (35.85 t ha-1), Ber (30.37 t ha-1), Guava (29.45 t ha-1), Kinnu (25.11 t ha-1), Aonla (24.67 t ha-1), Malta (24.20 t ha-1) and the least was under the combination of Aonla + Anar (14.97 t ha-1). When SOC stock under different horticulture species was tested by one - way ANOVA, it was found that SOC stock under different species was significantly different (Variance ratio, F = 4.086; p = < 0.05). SOC stock under Mango was significantly different from the SOC stock under all other species except Nebu, Malta and Grapes. Mitigation potential indicates that soils under Mango and Nebu can sequester nearly two and half times more SOC as compared to that in Aonla + Anar orchard, while the soils under Ber and Guava and Kinnu can sequester nearly double the amount of SOC stock in comparison to Aonla+ Anar orchard. Over all, in Haryana the soils under horticulture land use have 1.37 million tones of SOC stock which is equivalent to 5.05 million tons of CO2.
Impact of extreme weather events in Indian agriculture : Enhancing the coping capacity of farm families
Authors: SWAMINATHAN M. S. , RENGALAKSHMI R.
Published: December 2021

In the context of climate change, extreme weather events are emerging as a potential threat to food security and farmers livelihoods. Considerable proportion of the revenue is being spent in addressing the damages caused due to these intense events. Extreme precipitation (both flood and drought) and temperature are crucial in causing detrimental impact on crop yield and production. Particularly, the impacts of extreme events will be more in rainfed agriculture due to interannual precipitation variability over the growing season in terms of crop yield and yield quality. Several studies have forecasted its increased occurrence and estimated its impact on agricultural productivity. Nevertheless, field level operational strategies to address these risks are easily not accessible to men and women farmers in that specific context. Since these events are localized in geographical scale, decentralised approach in the framework of ‘preparedness and recovery’ is suggested to combat the loss of lives, livelihoods and assets of men and women farmers. In this backdrop, the paper suggests few simple practical decentralised strategies to support the vast majority of small holders in our country.
In-situ observational network for extreme weather events in India
Authors: KUMAR GAJENDRA , CHAND SURESH , MALI R. R. , KUNDU S. K. , BAXLA A. K.
Published: December 2021

Extreme weather events, interacting with vulnerable human and natural systems, can lead to disasters, especially in absence of responsive social system. Accurate and timely monitoring and forecast of heavy rains, tropical cyclones, thunderstorms, hailstorms, cloudburst, drought, heat and cold waves, etc. are required to respond effectively to such events. Due to extreme weather events, crops over large parts of the country are adversely affected reducing production of total food grains, fodder, cash crops, vegetables and fruits which in turn affect the earnings and livelihood of individual farmers as well as the economy of the country. In situ observational network are the vital component for skilful prediction of extreme weather events. Current observational requirements for extreme weather prediction are met, to varying degrees by a range of in-situ observing systems and space-based systems. The augmentation of in-situ observational network is continuously progressing. IMD now has a network of Doppler Weather Radars (DWRs), Automatic Weather Stations (AWSs), Agro AWSs, Automatic Rain Gauges (ARGs), GPS upper air systems etc. These observations along with non-conventional (satellite) data are now being used to run its global and regional numerical prediction models on High Performance Computing Systems (HPCS). This has improved monitoring and forecasting capabilities for extreme weather events like cyclones, severe thunderstorm, heavy rainfall and floods in a significant manner. This paper provides an overview of the role of in-situ observational network for extreme weather events in India, framework for further augmentation to the network and other requirements to further enhance capabilities for high impact & extreme weather events and natural hazards.
Simulating impact of climatic variability and extreme climatic events on crop production
Authors: SINGH K. K. , KALRA NAVEEN
Published: December 2021

Wide range of inter-annual climatic variability and frequent occurrence of extreme climatic events in Indian context is a great concern. There is a need to assess the impact of these events on agriculture production as well suggest the agri-management options for sustenance. The appropriate region specific agro-advisory needs to be established for the farmers and other stake holders. Crop simulation models are effective tools for assessing the crops’ response to these climate related events and for suggesting suitable adaptation procedures for ensuring higher agricultural production. Remote sensing and GIS are effective tools in this regard to prepare the regional based agro-advisories, by linking with the crop simulation models and relational database layers of bio-physical and socio-economic aspects. For effective agro-advisory services, there is a need to link the other biotic and abiotic stresses for accurate estimates and generating window of suitable agri-management options. Crop simulation models can effectively integrate these stresses for crop and soil processes understanding and ultimate yield formation. In this review article, we have discussed about the inter-annual/ seasonal climatic variability and occurrence of extreme climatic events in India and demonstrated the potential of crop models viz., INFOCROP, WTGROWS, DSSAT to assess the impact of these events (also including climate change) on growth and yield of crops and cropping systems and thereby suggesting appropriate adaptation strategies for sustenance. The potential of remote sensing for crop condition assessment and regional/national yield forecast has been demonstrated. Crop simulation tools coupled with remote sensing inputs through GIS can play an important role in evolving this unique operational platform of designing weather based agro-advisory services for India.
Risk assessment of extreme Indian summer monsoon precipitation on agro-ecosystem of northern and central-east India
Authors: JHA SOMNATH , RAGHAVA RAMESH , SEHGAL VINAY KUMAR
Published: December 2021

Risk of extreme precipitation anomaly of Indian summer monsoon (ISM) on agro-ecosystems of Indo-Gangetic Plain (IGP) and central-east India regions has been assessed in the present study. Using monthly gridded precipitation data, standardized precipitation index (SPI) has been computed as the hazard component of the standard risk computation. The agro-ecosystems of IGP are exposed to higher risk due to extreme ISM precipitation anomaly than that of the central-east India. IGP being an irrigated region and central-east India being a rainfed region would be affected differentially due to the increasing negative anomaly in precipitation (i.e., drought risk) in the two regions. Overall the risk score and the prevalent agricultural practice suggest that the Central plateau and hill region in the rainfed region and the Upper Gangetic plain in the irrigated region are the most drought risk pone agroclimatic zones. Exceedance probability (EP) curve and the return period (RP) curve of drought risk quantification revealed that the Upper Gangetic plain of the IGP is conspicuously exposed to a higher drought risk unlike any other region. Increasing drought risk is coupled with increasing cloud cover in Upper Gangetic plain. Surface wind, temperature or the outgoing longwave radiation of this zone could not completely explain the cause of this risk. Changing role of average aerosol index (AAI) hinted to the presence of aerosol altered cloud micro-system in Upper Gangetic plain and may be one of the major reasons for increasing non-precipitating cloud in this zone and thus contributing to the drought risk even with increasing cloud cover trend.
Real time implementation of agricultural contingency plans to cope with weather aberrations in Indian agriculture
Authors: RAO CH. SRINIVASA RAO , CHARY G. RAVINDRA , RANI N. , BAVISKAR V. S.
Published: December 2021

Weather aberrations impact agriculture and allied sectors in one or other parts of the India round the year. Seasonal droughts and extreme weather events in 21st century have caused alarming losses not only in agricultural production but also horticulture, livestock, poultry and fisheries. ICAR-CRIDA, SAUs and DAC, MoA, GoI, prepared more than 580 district level agriculture plans within formation on contingency measures for sustaining higher agriculture production and to cope with extreme events. Real-time contingency planning (RTCP) is being conceptualized and implemented at micro level in farmers’ fields in this country. RTCP implementation during delayed onset of monsoon, seasonal droughts and floods resulted in better crop performance, higher agricultural production, better incomes and overall stability in house-hold livelihoods. In this paper, the real-contingency measures to cope with extreme events for management of horticultural crops, livestock, poultry and fisheries are proposed. Further, the preparedness for RTCP implementation with policy initiatives is also suggested.
Conceptualization of a framework of decision support system for agriculture in hilly region
Authors: NAIN A. S. , SINGH K. K.
Published: December 2021

Decision support system (DSS) in agriculture helps farming community to take appropriate decision as per the situation to maximize economic return by enhancing productivity and reducing the cost of inputs. The prime most purpose of DSS is to enhance the input use efficiency by applying the input when it is needed most. The requirement of DSS in the hilly states is being felt more as environmental conditions vary greatly in tempo-spatial domain. Climate change associated with increasing probability of extreme weather conditions has further deepened the need of DSS. There have been many attempts in the past to use / develop DSS in the hilly regions. The serious efforts in this direction were initiated by fine tuning the Decision Support System for Agrotechnology Transfer (DSSAT) in Indian conditions. DSSAT helps to take appropriate decisions on selection of cultivar, sowing time, irrigation, fertilization and harvesting of crops. Of late geospatial technology alone and in combination with crop simulation model has also been used to develop DSS. Present paper underlines the efforts of researchers / academicians to develop DSS in hilly states with their usability and limitations. Paper also conceptualizes a framework of DSS for hilly regions by integrating a forewarning system and agriculture expert system.
Weather extremes and plantation crops in the humid tropics
Authors: RAO G. S. L. H. V. PRASADA
Published: December 2021

Monsoon rainfall across the State of Kerala was declining since last 60 years (cyclic trend of 40-60 years is also noticed with annual/monsoon rainfall) while rise in temperature is evident. Of course, rate of increase in temperature was alarming across the High ranges (where cardamom, coffee and tea are grown) due to deforestation. It is also true to some extent along the Coast (low land) due to increase in sea surface air temperature. The decade 1981-90 was the driest and warmest decade. The year 1987 was the warmest year across Kerala. The State as a whole was moving from wetness to dryness within the Humid Climate ((B4-B3 as per the Thornthwaite’s climate classification). Among weather extremes, summer drought, monsoon flood, strong wind (blows in Palghat Gap from November to February, other than cyclonic wind across the State), hailstorms, unusual rains, landslides and warming may adversely affect plantation crops’ production and its quality. Heat wave and cold waves are not relevant with reference to plantation crops under the Humid Tropics. The effect of summer drought on coconut yield was noticed in 1983, 2004 and 2013. In the case of coffee, it appears that crop matures early in recent years due to increase in temperature and climate change. The quality of coffee and black pepper, nut size in coconut and cashew are also influenced due to global warming and climate change. In the case of black pepper, the mortality rate is high in young pepper vines due to prolonged summer drought as noticed in summer 1983, 2004 and 2013. Mixed cropping/integrated farming is suggested to sustain crop income against adverse weather on long run under projected climate change scenario.
Agricultural drought monitoring and management at sub district level in Telangana
Authors: REDDY D. RAJI , SREENIVAS G.
Published: December 2021

The weather or climate is considered as an important natural resource and basic input for better planning of crop and cropping system in agriculture particularly rainfed environments. Every plant process, related with growth, development and yield of a crop and each of in-season and off-season farm operations depends on weather. Amongst the various weather elements, temperatures, radiation and rainfall play crucial role in deciding the crop growth, development and yield levels. Precipitation is one of the important weather factors being responsible for atmospheric and soil moisture and therefore has more agricultural importance, especially in rainfed agriculture.

Rainfed crops like jowar, maize, groundnut, greengram, blackgram and sunflower and one water-intensive crop like rice are mainly affected owing to drought. The drought conditions occur due to failure of South West Monsoon, delay in arrival of SW monsoon, and break monsoon conditions or early cessation of SW monsoon. Rainfed agriculture in India depends on onset of monsoon and the rainfall distribution during crop growth season. The amount of rainfall and the time of onset of monsoon decides the type of the crop to be grown. The timely onset and well distribution of monsoon rain in the month of June and July decides the area coverage of rainfed crops. Any deviation in the onset and distribution of southwest monsoon rainfall causes huge impact on agriculture and its dependent activities. Close monitoring of progress of monsoon and distribution of rainfall and its impact on sowing of rainfed crops is essential at sub district level to suggest time to time crop management strategies thereby to minimize the impact of aberrant seasonal conditions. In this paper a monitoring of drought at national, state and sub district (Mandal) level using indices like MAI, WRSI etc. were presented. Management strategies to reduce the impact of drought like optimum time of sowing, strategic irrigation, crop calendar, contingency crop planning etc. were discussed. Agromet advisories for communication of real time weather information for benefit of farming community were presented.
Performance of IMD multi-model ensemble and WRF (ARW) model for sub-basin wise rainfall forecast during monsoon 2012
Authors: DAS ASHOK KUMAR , KAUR SURINDER
Published: December 2021

The Numerical Weather Prediction models, Multi-model Ensemble (MME) (27 km × 27 km) and WRF (ARW) (9 km × 9 km) operationally run by India Meteorological Department (IMD) have been utilized to estimate sub-basin wise rainfall forecast. The sub-basin wise operational Quantitative Precipitation Forecast (QPF) have been issued by 10 field offices named Flood Meteorological Offices (FMOs) of IMD located at different flood prone areas of the country. The daily sub-basin wise NWP model rainfall forecast for 122 sub basins under these 10 FMOs for the flood season 2012 have been estimated on operational basis which are used by forecasters at FMOs as a guidance for the issue of operational sub-basin QPF for flood forecasting purposes. The performance of the MME and WRF (ARW) models rainfall at the sub-basin level have been studied in detail. The performance of WRF (ARW) and MME models is compared in the heavy rainfall case over the river basins (Mahanadi etc.) falls under FMO, Bhubaneswar and it is found that WRF (ARW) model gives better result than MME. It is also found that performance of WRF (ARW) is little better than MME when compared over all the flood prone river sub basins of India. For high rainfall categories (51-100,  >100 mm), generally these leads to floods, the success rate of model rainfall forecasts are less and false alarms are more. The NWP models are able to capture the rainfall events but there is difference in magnitudes of sub basin wise rainfall estimates.
Study of trend analysis and extreme events of temperature over Varanasi during summer monsoon season
Authors: BHATLA R. , TRIPATHI A. , SINGH R. S.
Published: December 2021

Temporal changes in the monthly and seasonal temperatures over Varanasi District were analysed, based on the 40 years of time series databases of daily temperatures from 1971 to 2010. The temperature changes during the two tricades of 1971-2000 and 1981-2010 and also for four decades starting from 1971 to 2010 were investigated and both the Mann–Kendall (MK) trend test and simple linear regression analyses were employed to detect trends in the mean maximum temperatures and mean minimum temperatures. Various extreme temperatures criteria, as well as their corresponding frequencies, were chosen to explore the trends of extreme climate change over Varanasi.

The warming of seasonal mean temperature is mainly attributed to changes in the minimum temperature, particularly during the last three decades. A pre-monsoon cooling and its association with increase in heat wave days suggest that, alongwith large-scale circulation, regional and local factors may have played a vital role in influencing the observed climate in the studied area.
Analiza obravnave in hrambe ene vrste gradiva v različnih inštitucijah: primer hrambe razglednic, fotografij in spisovnega gradiva kot del arhivskega gradiva v arhivih in muzejskega gradiva v muzejih
Authors: Sečnik Špela
Published: December 2021

Namen: arhivi in muzeji hranijo nekatere iste tipe gradiva, kot so razglednice in fotografije, v muzejskih zbirkah pa najdemo tudi spisovno gradivo. In čeprav gre za gradivo, ki je del dediščine, se postopki obravnave in hrambe v arhivu in muzeju razlikujejo. Namen prispevka je analizirati načine umestitve tovrstnega gradiva v arhivske fonde/zbirke in muzejske zbirke ter način hrambe. Metoda/pristop: uporabljena metoda je študija literature s primeri hrambe istovrstnega gradiva v nekaterih slovenskih arhivih in muzejih ter analiza postopkov umestitve gradiva v arhivske fonde/zbirke in muzejske zbirke. Omejitve: raziskavo je omejeval omejen dostop do popisov gradiva. Rezultati: istovrstno gradivo se v arhivih in muzejih različno pridobiva, obravnava in razvršča, vendar obstajajo tudi nekatere podobnosti. Ugotovitve/uporabnost: Največje razlike najdemo v sami umestitvi v fonde/zbirke, popisovanju in dajanju v uporabo širši javnosti, kar močno vpliva na dostopnost gradiva kot kulturne dediščine.
Is There a Place for Records Systems in Archival Description?
Authors: Popovici Bogdan Florin
Published: December 2021

The paper aims to see if and how records systems have impact over archival description. If the answer would be positive, then it is a fair enterprise to check if the standards for archival description can accommodate the description of records system. Are these just tools for managing records, elements of the history of a records aggregation? Or are they, as presumed, a contiguous context, that must be highlighted? Is it enough to describe past records systems implicitly, from various descriptive attributes or it is worth to have defined a specific entity?
Primerjalna analiza dela televizijskega arhiva med prvim in drugim valom epidemije Covid-19
Authors: Dornik Boštjan ,   RTV Slovenija
Published: December 2021

Leto 2020 je bilo v mnogočem izredno leto, tako je bilo tudi pri arhivskem strokovnem delu. Ob izbruhu epidemije COVID-19 so se različne institucije pripravile na delo po svojih lastnih percepcijah dela v izrednih razmerah, enako je bilo tudi v televizijskem arhivu Radiotelevizije Slovenija. V prispevku bomo predstavili primerjalno analizo delovanja televizijskega arhiva Radiotelevizije Slovenija v epidemiji s poudarkom na strategijah ukrepov, ki so neposredno vplivali na kakovostno opravljanje dela. Prikazali bomo delovanje televizijskega arhiva v prvem in drugem valu ter posledično v tretjem valu, opisali pridobljena spoznanja, ki izhajajo iz priprave na delo v izrednih razmerah, izkazane težave oz. pomanjkljivosti ter njihovo reševanje pri nadaljnjem delu. Z analizo prvega in drugega vala smo ugotovili velik napredek pri strokovni obdelavi gradiva. Rezultati preliminarne analize kažejo na velik razkorak med delom v prvem in drugem valu. Ocenjujemo, da sta drugačna priprava in implementacija spoznanj prvega vala pripomogli k bolj uspešnemu delovanju televizijskega arhiva v drugem valu.
Numerical Modeling of Laser Ablation of Polymers and Metals by Nanosecond Pulses of Infrared Radiation
Authors: Zakharov Lev A. , Bulgakova Nadezhda M.
Published: December 2021

In the paper a comparative analysis has been carried out of pulsed laser ablation of polymers and metals. On the basis of a thermal model with the mobile boundary «vapor – target surface», numerical modeling of laser ablation of poly(methyl methacrylate) and copper by nanosecond CO2 laser pulses (at wavelength of 10.6 nm) has been performed for different initial temperatures of the irradiated samples. Conclusions are drawn on differences in heating and ablation dynamics of polymer and metallic materials, values of subsurface superheating, and initial temperature effects on the vaporization process and ablation depth.
Global Education Monitoring Report - Non-state actors in education: Who chooses? Who loses?
Authors:   UNESCO/GEM
Published: December 2021

Non-state actors’ role extends beyond provision of schooling to interventions at various education levels and influence spheres. Alongside its review of progress towards SDG 4, including emerging evidence on the COVID-19 pandemic’s impact, the 2021/2 Global Education Monitoring Report urges governments to see all institutions, students and teachers as part of a single system. Standards, information, incentives and accountability should help governments protect, respect and fulfil the right to education of all, without turning their eyes away from privilege or exploitation. Publicly funded education does not have to be publicly provided but disparity in education processes, student outcomes and teacher working conditions must be addressed. Efficiency and innovation, rather than being commercial secrets, should be diffused and practised by all. To that end, transparency and integrity in the public education policy process need to be maintained to block vested interests. The report’s rallying call – Who chooses? Who loses? – invites policymakers to question relationships with non-state actors in terms of fundamental choices: between equity and freedom of choice; between encouraging initiative and setting standards; between groups of varying means and needs; between immediate commitments under SDG 4 and those to be progressively realized (e.g. post-secondary education); and between education and other social sectors. Supporting the fifth Global Education Monitoring Report are two online tools: PEER, a policy dialogue resource describing non-state activity and regulations in the world’s education systems; and VIEW, a new website consolidating sources and providing new completion rate estimates over time.
Diversiteit en inclusie bij de rijksoverheid: met beleid vooruit
Authors: Çelik Saniye
Published: December 2021

Diversity and inclusion in the Netherlands’ national government: With policy ahead

The Dutch public sector wants to become more diverse and inclusive, which seems necessary for the legitimacy and confidence of the government. This explorative study took place within two Dutch national government departments and shows how scientific insights into diversity and inclusion are reflected in government practice. Four results can be derived from this study: (1) The sense of urgency around diversity and inclusion has a stimulating effect, but the embedding of the theme into both departments deserves attention. (2) There is a wealth of perspectives and interventions, but hardly any attention to the connection with society. (3) The themes of leadership and inclusion should be higher on the agenda. (4) Psychological security determines an inclusive culture.

Important conclusions and recommendations are:

- Formulate a clear vision of diversity and inclusion, and involve the entire organisation in the approach.

- Strengthen an inclusive culture, and invest in inclusive leadership.

- Promote diversity at the top of the organisation.

Notably, the influx of diversity in the workforce is still the priority of many public organisations. However, the flow and retention of these employees needs more attention. There lies an important task for executives. These conclusions and recommendations form a basis for organisations that want to move forward with policies and interventions on diversity and inclusion.
De oprichterscommissie van beursvennootschap CM.com
Authors: Oppatja J.
Published: December 2021

De oprichterscommissie van beursvennootschap CM.com

Beursvennootschap CM.com koos bij haar beursgang voor een bijzondere structuur. Om de actieve betrokkenheid van haar oprichters te waarborgen, is een oprichterscommissie in het leven geroepen. De oprichterscommissie heeft verschillende statutaire bevoegdheden. De auteur onderzoekt of de structuur binnen de grenzen van de wet blijft.
Sirowa: kon de Ondernemingskamer wel anders?
Authors: van Rest M.H.J.
Published: December 2021

Sirowa: kon de Ondernemingskamer wel anders?

In dit commentaar behandelt de auteur de Sirowa-uitspraak. Zij stelt zich de vraag of de Ondernemingskamer wel anders kon oordelen dan zij heeft gedaan. Haar conclusie is van niet en zij geeft een tip voor de praktijk die (advocaten van) uitkopers kunnen gebruiken in toekomstige procedures.
Kennismaken met de ‘onbekende derde’ als medepleger
Authors: de Graaf F.C.W. (Fanny) , Moerman E.M. (Eelco)
Published: December 2021

Kennismaken met de ‘onbekende derde’ als medepleger

In HR 13 oktober 2020, ECLI:NL:HR:2020:1606 (Enschedese Voogdijmoord) heeft de Hoge Raad een belangrijke uitspraak gedaan over de deelnemingsvorm medeplegen. In het arrest is onder meer antwoord gegeven op de vraag of een veroordeling voor het medeplegen van (in dit geval) moord mogelijk is, terwijl een niet in de bewezenverklaring genoemde derde mogelijk als enige een delictsbestanddeel heeft vervuld. Het bevestigende antwoord van de Hoge Raad op die vraag vormt het startpunt voor deze bijdrage. In het artikel beantwoorden de auteurs de vraag of met dit arrest de reikwijdte van de deelnemingsvorm medeplegen is verruimd en zo ja, hoe wenselijk dat is. Zij bespreken in dat verband enkele casusposities.
Straffen en belonen in detentie
Authors: Elbers Jan Maarten , van Ginneken Esther , Boone Miranda , Nieuwbeerta Paul , Palmen Hanneke
Published: December 2021

Punishment and reward in prison. A plan evaluation of the Dutch system of Promotion and Demotion

Although reward systems are utilized in prisons worldwide, evaluations regarding their intended use are lacking. This contribution reconstructs the policy theory of such a system: Promotion and Demotion, as implemented in Dutch prisons in 2014. With a policy scientific approach the intended target group, means, goals and causal mechanisms of the system were delineated. The policy theory assumes three means, ten goals and 24 causal mechanisms. The policy theory is insufficiently empirically substantiated on a number of points and takes limited account of (cognitively) impaired prisoners. This accurate reconstruction offers a unique insight into the assumed functioning of a part of Dutch detention policy and provides starting points for international considerations of behavioral change in detention.
Genetische onderzoekdesigns in de criminologie
Authors: van der Laan Camiel , van de Weijer Steve , Nivard Michel , Boomsma Dorret
Published: December 2021

Genetic research designs in criminology. A ‘toolbox’ for studying causality and intergenerational transmission

In this essay the authors argue that social and genetic explanations for behavior are intertwined, and that genetically informed research designs can be a valuable addition to the toolbox that is available to criminologists for examining causal relationships and intergenerational transmission. From this ‘toolbox’ perspective, the authors discuss four study approaches: twin and family designs, genome-wide association studies, polygenetic scores and Mendelian Randomization. Finally, they address a number of practical considerations for applying genetically informed research designs in criminology.
Influence of welding parameters on decarburization in heat affected zone of dissimilar weldments after post weld heat treatment
Authors: Nimko M.O.
Published: December 2021

Purpose: This paper aims to assess an influence of thermal welding parameters on microstructural evolution in the weld adjacent zone of P91 steel, overlayed by austenitic consumables, after post weld heat treatment.
Design/methodology/approach: Analysis of the width of decarburized layer on microphotographs of overlayed specimens after tempering 750°C, 7 and 18 hours. Specimens were made by using different heat input and preheating temperature parameters.
Findings: It is shown that with increase of the heat input energy, the width of the resulting decarbonized layer decreases linearly; the effect of heating temperature on the layer width is parabolic with a minimum at a temperature of ~195°C.
Research limitations/implications: Future research may include comparison of the creep rupture strength of the weldments, made with different welding parameters, to assess the influence of kinetics of decarburization and variation of the parameters on creep rupture strength.
Practical implications: Results permit to achieve minimization of rate of carbon diffusion in the weld adjacent zone of the HAZ by means of variation of welded parameters.
Originality/value: Experimentally was confirmed a role of high-diffusivity paths (grain boundaries) on carbon diffusion in the HAZ of dissimilar weldments; found correlation between welding parameters and the rate of the diffusion during high temperature exposure.
Finite element analysis of the impact of the properties of dental wedge materials on functional features
Authors: Czerwiński M. , Żmudzki J. , Kwieciński K. , Kowalczyk M.
Published: December 2021

Purpose: Defect of the interproximal wall of the tooth is filled with use the shaped matrix and wedge which seals bottom margin during filling. Better fit of the wedge and equalization of the pressure forces on the matrix is achieved by the compliance of the wedge structure through cuts and perforations and the use of silicone materials and unidirectionally expanded polytetrafluoroethylene (ePTFE). The work presents a methodology for model studies of the mechanics of dental wedges in order to evaluate and compare the impact of wedge materials on functional features. The hypothesis of the work was that the mechanical properties of ePTFE determine the effectiveness of the dental wedge.
Design/methodology/approach: Effect of modulus of elasticity and friction coefficient of wedge and matrix materials on the functional features of the wedge was studied on the way Finite Element Analysis (FEA). Simulation included contact sliding between wedge and matrix what was simulated in nonlinear large displacements regime. The sealing evaluation criterion was the pressure distribution between the wedge and matrix below the lower edge of the defect. Displacement values were the criterion for the loss of convexity as a result of matrix deformation.
Findings: The material for the wedge should be characterized by a low coefficient of friction, low elasticity (ensuring high compliance of the wedge) and at the same time the ability to large permanent deformations, which allows for plastic shaping of the matrix from the side of the defect in order to achieve the required wall convexity and the tangent point.
Research limitations/implications: Results show tendency of phenomena in limitation to model simplification of the interdental gap and the ideal adhesion of the matrix to the tooth and linear elasticity of materials.
Practical implications: The material that best meets the requirements is unidirectionally expanded polytetrafluoroethylene, which has one of the lowest coefficients of friction and very high plasticity necessary to shape the matrix from the inside of the cavity.
Originality/value: Methodology of model study and criteria of functional characteristics of dental wedge was presented.
Three-dimensional telesurgery and remote proctoring over a 5G network
Authors: Lu, BA Edward S. , Reppucci, MD Vincent S. , Houston III, MD, FASRS S.K. Steven , Kras, MD, MBI Ashley L. , Miller, MD John B.
Published: December 2021

PurposeTo present 2 cases of vitreoretinal surgery performed on a three-dimensional (3D) heads-up display surgical platform with real-time transfer of 3D video over a fifth-generation (5G) cellular network.MethodsAn epiretinal membrane peel and tractional retinal detachment repair performed at Massachusetts Eye and Ear in April 2019 were broadcast live to the Verizon 5G Lab in Cambridge, MA.ResultsBoth surgeries were successful. The heads-up digital surgery platform, combined with a 5G network, allowed telesurgical transfer of high-quality 3D vitreoretinal surgery with minimal degradation. Average end-to-end latency was 250 ms, and average round-trip latency was 16 ms. Fine surgical details were observed remotely by a proctoring surgeon and trainee, with real-time communication via mobile phone.ConclusionsThis pilot study represents the first successful demonstration of vitreoretinal surgery transmitted over a 5G network. Telesurgery has the potential to enhance surgical education, provide intraoperative consultation and guidance from expert proctors, and improve patient outcomes, especially in remote and low-resource areas.
Conolidine: A Novel Plant Extract for Chronic Pain
Authors: Edinoff Amber N. , Patel Akash S. , Baker Mitchell W. , Lawson Jesse , Wolcott Christopher , Cornett Elyse M. , Sadegi Kambiz , Kaye Adam M. , Kaye Alan D.
Published: December 2021

: Pain, the most common symptom reported among patients in the primary care setting, is complex to manage. Opioids are among the most potent analgesics agents for managing pain. Since the mid-1990s, the number of opioid prescriptions for the management of chronic non-cancer pain (CNCP) has increased by more than 400%, and this increased availability has significantly contributed to opioid diversion, overdose, tolerance, dependence, and addiction. Despite the questionable effectiveness of opioids in managing CNCP and their high rates of side effects, the absence of available alternative medications and their clinical limitations and slower onset of action has led to an overreliance on opioids. Conolidine is an indole alkaloid derived from the bark of the tropical flowering shrub Tabernaemontana divaricate used in traditional Chinese, Ayurvedic, and Thai medicine. Conolidine could represent the beginning of a new era of chronic pain management. It is now being investigated for its effects on the atypical chemokine receptor (ACK3). In a rat model, it was found that a competitor molecule binding to ACKR3 resulted in inhibition of ACKR3’s inhibitory activity, causing an overall increase in opiate receptor activity. Although the identification of conolidine as a potential novel analgesic agent provides an additional avenue to address the opioid crisis and manage CNCP, further studies are necessary to understand its mechanism of action and utility and efficacy in managing CNCP.
Achievement Motivation: A Case Study of the Students of Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Iran
Authors: Mirzaei-Alavijeh Mehdi , Jalili Cyrus , Khazaie Habibolah , Shahsavari Saba , Karimi Negar , Hosseini Seyyed Nasrollah , Memar Eftekhary Lida , Jalilian Farzad
Published: December 2021

Background: Motivation is defined as the development of an individual’s desire to succeed and participate in the activities in which success depends on personal effort and ability. Objectives: The present study aimed to evaluate the status of achievement motivation in university students. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted on 182 medical, dentistry, and pharmacology students at Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences (KUMS), Iran in 2018. The participants were selected via simple random sampling with a probability appropriate to the selected sample size. Data were collected using a self-report questionnaire. Data analysis was performed in SPSS version 16 using chi-square and t-test at the significance level of 95%. Results: The mean age of the participants was 21.14 ± 1.68 years (age range: 19 - 25 years). The mean score of achievement motivation was 77.64 ± 7.35, which indicated that the participants obtained 66.93% of the maximum score. In addition, 89.5% and 10.5% of the students had moderate and favorable achievement motivation, respectively. Achievement motivation was significantly correlated with age (P = 0.031), male gender (P = 0.022), and maternal education level (P = 0.018). Conclusions: According to the results, the achievement motivation of the majority of the KUMS students was moderate. Therefore, proper planning is required to improve the achievement motivation of these students.
Factors Affecting Innovation Performance in Establishing a Generic Plan in the Pharmaceutical Industry
Authors: Eslami Eshlaghi Leila , Khamseh Abbas
Published: December 2021

Background: The pharmaceutical industry has a significant impact on the promotion of health and safety indicators in society. In this knowledge-based industry, the development of companies in complex environments is a function of innovative research, investment, and government regulation to maintain and survive. Given the technical knowledge and specific supportive laws (e.g., patents), being active in such an industry is one of the important criteria in developing countries. Therefore, the generic plan was implemented in Iran with the prospect of taking practical steps toward achieving drug self-sufficiency and acquiring the rank of manufactured pharmaceutical raw materials and branded drugs. Objectives: This study, therefore, aimed to investigate factors affecting innovation performance in establishing a generic plan in the pharmaceutical industry of developing countries. Methods: The statistical population in this descriptive survey consisted of PhD experts involved in the Iranian pharmaceutical industry. To this end, 42 standard questionnaires were distributed based on the conceptual model of the research. Next, the effects of the research variables were analyzed using partial least squares (PLS) structural equations. Results: According to the results, research and development (R&D), product innovation, process innovation, and organization size significantly positively affected innovation performance. In comparison, knowledge management did not substantially affect innovation performance in the Iranian pharmaceutical industry. Conclusions: Due to the introspective developmental approach and the lack of effective communication, a major failure of the generic plan is witnessed within the pharmaceutical industry.
Impact of Gender and Age-at-onset on Clinical and Medical Features of Rheumatoid Arthritis in Western Algerian Population
Authors: Ouali Siheme , Zemri Khalida , Kanoun Khedoudja , Noria Harir , Sellam Feriel , Benaissa Zahira , Hebri Sid Tadj , Bensaber Ouassini , Elmehadji Douniazad , Nadji Zouaoui
Published: December 2021

Background: This study aimed to demonstrate the gender and age-at-onset differences in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) in the western Algerian population and their impacts on patients' clinical features and medical management. Methods: A retrospective cross-sectional study was carried out at the Internal Medicine and Functional Rehabilitation Departments (University Hospital of Sidi-bel-Abbes region) based on medical records of over 306 RA patients diagnosed between 2016 and 2019 according to ACR 1987 criteria. Late-onset RA (LORA) was deﬁned as disease onset at 51 years of age or older. All data were processed and analyzed via SPSS 22.0. Results: We enrolled 306 rheumatoid arthritis patients (85% women) with a mean age-at-onset of 52.47 ± 12.14. Algerian RA women were more at risk of developing type 2 diabetes (P = 0.035), hypertension (P = 0.003), and thyroid disorders (P = 0.05). We did not find any significant relationship between clinical features, laboratory data, and gender. The LORA group comprised 60.5% of our study population with a higher number of comorbidities such as hypertension (P < 0.001), osteoporosis (P = 0.007), and scleroderma (P = 0.014). Nonetheless, we found evidence of an association between positive anti-CCP, RF rate, and age-at-onset (P = 0.001 and P < 0.001, respectively). Conclusions: Algerian RA women with LORA presented a higher prevalence of comorbidities, while Young-onset RA (YORA) was associated with a high rate of RF.