bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Short-Term Inhalation Toxicity Testing with Aerosolized Aluminum Chlorhydrate
Authors: Tansy M. F. , Werley M. , Oberly R. , Kendall F. M. , Landin W. E. , Larosa R. T. , Coscarelli W.
Published: June 2020

Short-term exposures of adult male and female Sprague-Dawley rats to aerosolized aluminum chlorhydrate in a silicone-ethanol vehicle were conducted to assess the effects of such exposures upon body and tissue weights, various blood constituents, tissue aluminum concentrations, and appropriate histopathology. Rats were exposed 4 hours/day 5 days/week (excluding weekends) for 22 days to concentrations of 0.34 ± 0.22 μg/L and 2.50 ± 0.37 μg/L of solubilized aluminum chlorhydrate as determined by atomic absorption spectroscopy. The mass medium aerodynamic diameter (MMAD) for the low-dose group was 1.57 ± 0.45 μm. The mean MMAD for the high-dose exposure was 4.28 ± 0.93 μm. No mortality was experienced by any group. Final mean body and most tissue wet weights were not significantly different from sham control values. No remarkable changes were noted in SMA 12/60 blood values for either exposed group. Mean aluminum concentrations of lungs, liver, gastric mucosa, or parathyroids from the high-dose group were not significantly different than mean values for the same organs obtained from a sham exposed group of rats. There were no remarkable histopathological observations.
Peer support of fathers on Reddit: quantifying the stressors, behaviors, and drivers
Authors: Teague Samantha , Shatte Adrian B. R.
Published: June 2020

This paper aimed to delineate the behavioral patterns of fathers in seeking and providing peer support on the popular social media site Reddit using a sample of 2,393 users. First, fathers’ support-seeking posts were characterized, finding that fathers self-disclosed a range of individual, familial, and societal stressors, including topics sensitive to traditional male gender roles. Second, peers’ comments were differentiated by support type, with differences observed in the behaviors, emotions, and language that peers use when providing advice, confirmation and encouragement. Third, the relationship between types of fatherhood stressors and their associated peer comments was mapped. While fathers seeking support for individual stressors received fewer comments, the support provided utilized more action-oriented language. Finally, a statistical model was developed to examine the factors that drive peer support on the fatherhood forums, which are observed to influence the quality of peers’ comments and peers’ commenting behaviors. Combined, the findings provide a comprehensive understanding of the peer support environment for fathers on social media like Reddit, strengthening the research literature that is limited to qualitative evidence to date. The results have important implications for formal support services targeting fathers, both online and offline.
Pengaruh Product Innovation dan Brand Image Terhadap Keputusan Pembelian Smartphone Oppo Pada Konsumen Toko Jaya Ponsel Cabang Skip Kota Bengkulu
Authors: Silalahi Elprida
Published: June 2020

Penelitian ini berjudul Pengaruh Product Innovation dan Brand Image Terhadap Keputusan Pembelian Smartphone Oppo Pada Konsumen Toko Jaya Ponsel Cabang Skip Kota Bengkulu. Rumusan masalah dalam penelitian ini yaitu apakah Product Innovation dan Brand Image berpengaruh signifikan terhadap Keputusan Pembelian Smartphone Oppo Pada Konsumen Toko Jaya Ponsel Cabang Skip Kota Bengkulu. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah Untuk mengetahui pengaruh Product Innovation dan Brand Image berpengaruh signifikan terhadap Keputusan Pembelian Smartphone Oppo Pada Konsumen Toko Jaya Ponsel Cabang Skip Kota Bengkulu. Penelitian ini dilakukan pada Konsumen Smartphone Oppo pada Toko Jaya Ponsel Cabang Simpang Skip Kota Bengkulu. Sedangkan waktu penelitian ini dilakukan selama 14 hari yakni pada tanggal 26 januari sampai 8 Februari 2020. Adapun populasi dari penelitian ini adalah Konsumen smartphone oppo Toko Jaya Ponsel Cabang Skip Kota Bengkulu, sedangkan sempel penelitian ini adalah Konsumen smartphone oppo Toko Jaya Ponsel Cabang Skip Kota Bengkulu yang berjumlah 100 orang responden dan menggunakan metode kuantitatif.Dengan teknik analisis data uji penelitian, hasil penelitian dapat disimpulkan bahwa persepsi responden tentang Product Innovation (X1) Dan Brand Image (X2) berpengaruh terhadap Keputusan Pembelian (Y) dengan hasil regresi linier berganda didapat persamaan sebagai berikut : Y = 4.891 + 0.633 (X_1) + 0.507 (X_2). Serta koefisien determinasi sebesar R2 = 0.837 atau 83.7% melalui uji hipotesis secara bersama-sama (simultan) dan sendiri-sendiri (parsial) dalam penelitian ini dengan menggunakan uji f dan uji t, Product Innovation (X1) dan Brand Image (X2) = 0.000, itu bearti nilai fsig< 0.05 menunjukkan secara bersama-sama dan yang pengaruh yang signifikan.Kata kunci : Product Innovation, Brand Image dan Keputusan Pembelian
Tipe dan Gaya Kepemimpinan
Authors: Mubin Fatkhul , Masruri Ahmad
Published: June 2020

Seiring perkembangan zaman, kepemimpinan secara ilmiah mulaiberkembang bersamaan dengan pertumbuhan manajemen ilmiah yang lebihdikenal dengan ilmu tentang memimpin. Hal ini terlihat dari banyaknya literaturyang mengkaji tentang kepemimpinan (leadership) dengan berbagai sudutpandang atau perspektifnya.
Training transitions: From research dependence to independence
Authors: Singh Harinder , Bankston Adriana , Mcdowell Gary
Published: June 2020

Academic research is managed through principal investigators overseeing independent research programs. The idealized training to become a principal investigator consists of studying for a PhD, where research skills are developed, possibly followed by postdoctoral research training under the mentorship of another principal investigator. The researcher can then take those skills and apply them to the management of a multi-person project. However, in the present scientific research climate, early career researchers (ECRs, broadly graduate students and postdocs) face obstacles to establishing their own independent research programs. To gather data on the experiences of ECRs in academia, we organized a series of workshops discussing the barriers they experience to research independence, and solicited their proposals of solutions to overcome them. Barriers identified included: a lack of agency for ECRs in leading aspects of their own research; gaining access to training opportunities in grantsmanship; and pressure to focus on producing only positive results of statistical significance. Proposed solutions to these problems point to particular aspects where training ECRs may be beneficial. These findings may be informative to the scientific community as we consider how to train ECRs for research independence.
PAHAMI CIRI CIRI VIAGRA ASLI USA PFIZER 100MG ORIGINAL 081380803955
Authors: Maarif Nurul
Published: June 2020

Ciri Ciri Viagra Asli Usa 100mg Pfizer Original 081380803955
Too many zeros and/or highly skewed? A tutorial on modelling health behaviour as count data with Poisson and negative binomial regression
Authors: Green James A
Published: June 2020

Background: Dependent variables in health psychology are often counts, for example, of a behaviour or number of engagements with an intervention. These counts can be very strongly skewed, and/or contain large numbers of zeros as well as extreme outliers. For example, “How many cigarettes do you smoke on an average day?” The modal answer may be zero, but may range from 0 to 40+. The same can be true for minutes of moderate to vigorous physical activity. For some people this may be near zero, but take on extreme values for someone training for a marathon. Typical analytical strategies for this data involve explicit (or implied) transformations (smoker v. non-smoker, log transformations). However, these data types are ‘counts’ (ie positive whole numbers) or quasi-counts (time is ratio, but discrete minutes of activity could be analysed as a count), and can be modelled using count distributions — including the Poisson and negative binomial distribution (and their zero-inflated and hurdle extensions, which model even more zeros). Methods: In this tutorial paper I demonstrate (in R, Jamovi, and SPSS) the easy application of these models to health psychology data, and their advantages over alternative ways of analysing this type of data using two datasets — one highly dispersed dependent variable (number of views on YouTube; Staunton et al., 2015), and another with a large number of zeros (number of days on which symptoms were reported over a month). Results: The negative binomial distribution had the best fit for the overdispersed number of views on YouTube. Negative binomial, and zero-inflated negative binomial were both good fits for the symptom data with over-abundant zeros. Conclusions: In both cases, count distributions provided not just a better fit, but would lead to different conclusions compared to the poorly fitting traditional regression/linear models.
Two years into the Brazilian Reproducibility Initiative: reflections on conducting a large-scale replication of Brazilian biomedical science
Authors: Neves Kleber , Carneiro Clarissa França Dias , Wasilewska-Sampaio Ana Paula , Abreu Mariana , Valério Bruna , Tan Pedro Batista , Amaral Olavo Bohrer
Published: June 2020

Scientists have increasingly recognized that low methodological and analytical rigor combined with publish-or-perish incentives can make the published scientific literature unreliable. As a response to this, large-scale systematic replications of the literature have emerged as a way to assess the problem empirically. The Brazilian Reproducibility Initiative is one such effort, aimed at estimating the reproducibility of Brazilian biomedical research. Its goal is to perform multicenter replications of a quasi-random sample of at least 60 experiments from Brazilian articles published over a 20-year period, using a set of common laboratory methods. In this article, we describe the challenges of managing a multicenter project with collaborating teams across the country, as well as its successes and failures over the first two years. We end with a brief discussion of the Initiative’s current status and its possible future contributions after the project is concluded in 2021.
Power considerations in bilingualism research: Time to step up our game
Authors: Brysbaert Marc
Published: June 2020

Low power in empirical studies can be compared to blurred vision. It makes the signal ambiguous, so that conclusions depend more on interpretation than on observation. Data patterns that look sensible are published as evidence for theoretical positions and unclear patterns are discarded as noise, whereas both could be due to sampling error or could be a perfect reflection of the population parameters. Simulations indicate that little research with sample sizes lower than 100 participants per group provides a picture of enough resolution to draw firm conclusions. This is particularly true for research comparing groups of people and involving interaction effects. As a result, it is to be feared that many findings in bilingualism research do not have a firm base, certainly not if they go beyond a simple comparison of two within-participants conditions.
The predictive potential of hand gestures during conversation: An investigation of the timing of gestures in relation to speech
Authors: ter Bekke Marlijn , Drijvers Linda , HOLLER JUDITH
Published: June 2020

In face-to-face conversation, recipients might use the bodily movements of the speaker (e.g. gestures) to facilitate language processing. It has been suggested that one way through which this facilitation may happen is prediction. However, for this to be possible, gestures would need to precede speech, and it is unclear whether this is true during natural conversation. In a corpus of Dutch conversations, we annotated hand gestures that represent semantic information and occurred during questions, and the word(s) which corresponded most closely to the gesturally depicted meaning. Thus, we tested whether representational gestures temporally precede their lexical affiliates. Further, to see whether preceding gestures may indeed facilitate language processing, we asked whether the gesture-speech asynchrony predicts the response time to the question the gesture is part of. Gestures and their strokes (most meaningful movement component) indeed preceded the corresponding lexical information, thus demonstrating their predictive potential. However, while questions with gestures got faster responses than questions without, there was no evidence that questions with larger gesture-speech asynchronies get faster responses. These results suggest that gestures indeed have the potential to facilitate predictive language processing, but further analyses on larger datasets are needed to test for links between asynchrony and processing advantages.
The Pursuit of Passion Propagates Privilege
Authors: Tan Josephine , Jachimowicz Jon
Published: June 2020

For many graduating college students entering the workforce, “pursue your passion” is not only a frequently repeated graduation mantra but also a commonly embraced ideal. In line with this view, prior academic research finds that passion connotes work-related benefits, including higher job satisfaction and performance. Here, we bring together social psychological, sociological, and organizational perspectives to suggest that the inclination to work in jobs that enable graduating students to pursue their passion differs based on their socioeconomic status (SES): those from lower SES backgrounds view the pursuit of passion as a privilege that excludes them. Across two correlational and experimental studies (N = 510; k = 1,562), we find that students from lower SES backgrounds feel that they are a worse fit for and lack the skills to thrive in jobs that call for passion, i.e., that they perceive the pursuit of passion as a privilege. We next examine whether this belief is accurate from the perspective of recruiters, and—across two additional experimental studies designed to test both overt and covert discrimination (N = 1,005; k = 9,713)—do not find supporting empirical evidence for discrimination against students from lower SES backgrounds in jobs that emphasize the pursuit of passion. These results suggest that the pursuit of passion may serve as an—unintentionally—exclusionary signal to graduating students from lower SES backgrounds, making them less likely to apply, and ultimately less likely to be hired. The pursuit of passion thus reflects a privilege that perpetuates inequalities along socioeconomic lines.
The same-different task as a tool to study unconscious processing
Authors: Van Opstal Filip
Published: June 2020

The function of consciousness has often been investigated by looking at the cognitive processes that can(not) be performed without conscious awareness. The most important processes – historically and theoretically - in this context are semantic processing and information integration. Here, I will argue that a subliminal priming version of the same-different task is a perfect tool to investigate these processes because it (i) allows a clear separation between the stimuli that are consciously processed and those that remain unconscious, and (ii) requires the unconsciously presented stimuli to be integrated. An overview of the work that has used the subliminal same-different task to target these processes is presented, and some suggestions for how the task could be used in future work are made. The potential of the subliminal same-different task to elaborate on the cognitive architecture needed to successfully perform a same-different task is also discussed.
Identifying the neural dynamics of category decisions with computational model-based fMRI
Authors: Heffernan Emily , Adema Juliana Daphne , Mack Michael Louis
Published: June 2020

Successful categorization requires a careful coordination of attention, representation, and decision making. Comprehensive theories that span levels of analysis are key to understanding the computational and neural dynamics of categorization. Here, we build on recent work linking neural representations of category learning to computational models to investigate how category decision making is driven by neural signals across the brain. We uniquely combine functional magnetic resonance imaging with drift diffusion and exemplar-based categorization models to show that trial-by-trial fluctuations in neural activation from regions of occipital, cingulate, and lateral prefrontal cortices are linked to category decisions. Notably, only lateral prefrontal cortex activation was associated with exemplar-based model predictions of trial-by-trial category evidence. We propose that these brain regions underlie distinct functions that contribute to successful category learning.
Conflict and Competition
Authors: Rahal Rima-Maria , van Beest Ilja
Published: June 2020

Conflict and competition arise when involved parties’ preferences and goals collide. This chapter highlights theoretical and empirical perspectives on the emergence and manifestations of conflicts. We outline how conflicts can occur from three perspectives: considering conflicts between individual actors, considering conflicts between individuals in competing groups, and considering conflicts between individuals within their groups. We show how individual-level preferences determine actions taken in dilemma situations in which outcomes are interdependent, leading to cooperative, selfish or competitive behaviour. Further, we summarize key theoretical perspectives about the formation of conflict between groups, and highlight how individual behaviour contributes to such conflicts. We show how individuals may be at odds with other members of their group, experiencing conflict about their relationships and joint tasks. Finally, we outline how coalitions are formed when more than two parties face each other in conflicts. In sum, we consider the potential – both productive and detrimental – that conflict harbours for social exchange.
Political Participation and Basic Values in Europe: Replication and Extension of Vecchione et al. (2015)
Authors: Rudnev Maksim
Published: June 2020

Vecchione et al. (2015) demonstrated the effects of four higher-order values on political participation across 20 European countries. In their Study 1, they found that political participation was related to three higher-order basic values and that these associations were stronger in more democratic countries. The present study attempted a replication using a more rigorous modelling approach. Multilevel structural equation models with latent variables for both participation and basic values replicated the main effects of Self-Transcendence and Conservation values but demonstrated negative effects of Openness values (vs positive in the original study) and positive effects of Self-Enhancement values (vs ambiguous or insignificant in the original study), while cross-level interactions indicated weaker effects of values in more democratic countries (vs the opposite in the original study). These discrepancies appeared mostly due to the original study’s implicit assumption that basic values’ measurement errors were zero. The new results indicated a counter-intuitive similarity of effects of supposedly opposite values. Self-Transcendence – Self-Enhancement is suggested to be a politically-motivating value dimension, whereas Openness to Change – Conservation is a dimension that discourages political participation regardless of the preferred extreme.
Co-designing the Environmental Land Management Scheme in England: the why, who, and how of engaging ‘harder to reach’ stakeholders
Authors: Hurley Paul , Lyon Jessica , Hall Jilly , Litte Ruth , Tsouvalis Judith , Rose David
Published: June 2020

After leaving the European Union and the Common Agricultural Policy (CAP), farmers and land managers in England will no longer receive payments based on how much land they have, but rather how they manage the environment. The new Environmental Land Management (ELM) scheme in England will reward farmers and land managers with public money for the provision of various public goods, including improved biodiversity, cleaner air and water, healthier soils, and natural hazard protection. Since the new scheme represents a dramatic shift away from the previous subsidy regime, the Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs (Defra) has committed to ‘co-designing’ the new policy. To this end, Defra have invited farmers and land managers across England to share their views on what the new policy should look like, running two major online consultations, outreach workshops, and a network of nationwide ‘Test and Trials’ to date. We know, however, from previous research on land manager participation with government that participation can be unequal with a set of ‘usual suspects’ dominating engagement and a substantial group of ‘harder to reach’ stakeholders being less involved. Defra wants 82,500 holdings to participate in the new ELM scheme and thus wide engagement in both design and implementation is crucial. This paper explores why some land managers (focusing on farmers) might be ‘harder to reach’ in the context of ELM, who they might be, and how Defra can improve its forms of engagement to ensure that no-one is excluded from the co-design process. We identify ten different predispositions towards ELM that harder to reach farmers might have and make six recommendations that could help Defra improve ELM co-design and delivery: (1) make engagement worthwhile, (2) offer online engagement activities whilst improving connectivity, (3) reduce bureaucracy, (4) enhance trust through skilled intermediaries, (5) pay farmers promptly, and (6) ensure transitions to the new scheme are well-managed.
Direct Oral Anticoagulants for Treatment of Venous Thromboembolism Associated with Cancer: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Saleem Maryam , Saleem Maryam , Osman Mohammed , Farid Saira , Bianco Christopher M. , Patel Brijesh , Michos Erin D. , Liu Stephen , Harris David M.
Published: June 2020

There is uncertainty about the choice of anticoagulation therapy in patients with malignancy and venous
thromboembolism (VTE). While low-molecular weight heparin (LMWH) remains the current standard,
direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs) have emerged as an appealing alternative option. The primary objective
of this analysis was to compare the efficacy and safety of DOACs versus LMWH in patients with
malignancy and VTE. The secondary objective was to compare the safety and efficacy of the different
DOACs. An online search of PubMed, EMBASE, the Cochrane Library and ClinicalTrials.gov from
inception until April 2020 was conducted. Four RCTs encompassing 2,907 patients, (50.5% men and mean
age of 65.7 ± 10.5) were selected. At a mean follow up of 12 months, moderate certainty evidence showed
no differences between DOAC and LMWH in VTE recurrence (HR, 0.54 [CI 0.23 to 1.28], I2 = 56%,
p=0.23), in major bleeding (HR, 1.38 [CI 0.45 to 4.22], I2 = 33%, p=0.21) or clinically relevant non-major
bleeding (CRNMB) (HR, 1.77 [CI 0.49 to 6.40], I2 = 73.9%, p=0.087). There was no difference between
the DOACs when compared to each other. In conclusion, DOACs are an acceptable alternative to LMWHs
for the treatment of VTE in patients with malignancy.
Drug Abuse Amidst COVID-19 Pandemic: A Dark Side of Online Pharmacy
Authors: Chandra Avinash , Chandra Avinash , Chandra Ayush
Published: June 2020

Online pharmacy has been in the focus of heightened interest during this lockdown period due to COVID
outbreak in Nepal and worldwide. This paper explains the issues relevant to online pharmacies that sell
drugs with or without prescriptions to patients at the retail level online (through software apps or website).
The online pharmacy industry has shifted its target abruptly during this pandemic period in developing as
well as developed countries. The various aspects of online pharmacy practice are listed within this article.
Issues like access, prescription, availability, misuse, and lack of awareness among the patients are described.
The challenges and opportunities are discussed as well as the necessity of rules and regulation for online
pharmacies on country level are elaborated. A proper advice to the patients and proper monitoring of online
pharmacy should be offered for proper and safer way of purchasing drugs. The zero tolerance to the misuse
or abuse of prescription and non-prescription drugs should be practiced.
Left But Not Right Ventricular Abnormal Doppler Waves
Authors: Meune Christophe , Meune Christophe , Goudot François-Xavier , MSadek Sonia , Boukertouta Tanissia
Published: June 2020

The presence of a normal atrial electrical activity together with the absence of mechanical atrial activity has
been reported after successful cardioversion and is named atrial stunning. In this observation, we report the
existence of left but not right atrial stunning.
Pathological Fracture of Femoral Neck Associated to Femoral Head Osteonecrosis: Case Report
Authors: Noriega Victoria Eugenia Restrepo , Luz A Mejía , Beatriz E Montoya , Noriega Victoria Eugenia Restrepo
Published: June 2020

Introduction: The osteonecrosis of femoral head is a progressive and devastating condition for the
prognosis of the coxofemoral joint, with an increase in its prevalence and an etiology of multifactorial
nature, and with compromise specially in young or middle age (20 to 40 years of age) patients [1-3]. The
fractures associated to femoral head osteonecrosis are very rare, being the subchondral portion the site with
a higher compromise, and the junction between the necrotic bone and the bone under remodeling process
another site of potential fracture [4-7]. The management of this condition can vary from a conservative
management to a surgical management with total hip arthroplasty, depending on patient’s clinic and the
extension of his necrotic lesion.
Discussion: This patient presents a sub-capital fracture of his femoral neck, associated to osteonecrosis of
the femoral head. This patient was managed with decompression of the osteonecrosis nucleus plus bone
graft and osteosynthesis with cannulate screws, in order to decrease bone hypertension and avoid femoral
collapse.
Conclusion: Although femoral neck fractures, as a complication from femoral head osteonecrosis are rare,
in our patient such association can be found due to the worsening of his painful clinical features and the
absence of a previous traumatic event, which allows discarding femoral osteonecrosis as a fracture
complication.
Feasibility of NGO Initiatives in SME, Rural Benefits and Challenges: A Case Study in Cumilla, Bangladesh
Authors: Md. Hasanur Rahman  , Majumder Shapan Chandra
Published: June 2020

The main purpose of this study is to investigate the NGO initiatives to accelerate the SME sectors. The current study also analyze the rural benefits and challenges based on NGO initiatives in SME sectors. This study conducts a questionnaire and interview survey to investigate the current objective. The quantitative study demonstrates that there is a greater chance to expand the SME sector by using the local resources and capital accumulations. Educations, women empowerment, health and sanitation, employment creations and self-employment increase than a previous decade by increasing NGO initiatives in the study area.  The contributions of this study spontaneous gets on to the scope and feasibility of NGO’s initiative to develop the SME sector in Bangladesh.
Kondisi Ekosistem Mangrove di Perairan Sei Carang Kota Tanjungpinang
Authors: Hafsar Khairul
Published: June 2020

Tanjungpinang memiliki ekosistem mangrove seluas kurang lebih 1.300 Ha, namun 100 Ha diantaranya rusak akibat penebangan dan penimbunan untuk pemukiman dan industri yang menyebabkan banjir disejumlah wilayah. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis kondisi ekosistem mangrove di Perairan Sei Carang, Kota Tanjungpinang. Kondisi mangrove dilihat dengan mengukur kerapatan jenis, kerapatan relatif jenis, frekuensi jenis, frekuensi relatif jenis, dan indeks keanekaragaman. Jenis – jenis mangrove yang tumbuh di Perairan Sei Carang terdiri dari Rhizophora sp., Bruguiera sp., Avicennia sp., dan Sonneratia sp. Kawasan ini didominasi oleh jenis mangrove Rhizophora sp, yang merupakan jenis mangrove yang paling banyak ditemui. Kerapatan jenis mangrove di Perairan Sei  Carang yang paling tinggi sampai dengan yang paling rendah adalah sebagai berikut yaitu Rhyzophora sp. 3000 individu/Ha, Bruguiera sp. 983 individu/Ha, Avicennia sp. 283 individu/Ha dan Sonneratia sp. 133 individu/Ha. Jenis Rhyzophora sp. merupakan jenis mangrove yang paling tinggi tingkat kerapatannya dan Sonneratia sp. merupakan jenis mangrove yang paling rendah tingkat kerapatan jenisnya. Rata-rata kerapatan jenis mangrove di Perairan Sei Carang sebesar 1100 individu/Ha yang menunjukkan bahwa kerapatan jenis masuk ke dalam kriteria sedang dan hal ini menunjukkan kondisi mangrove masih dalam keadaan baik. tingkat keanekaragaman jenis mangrove yaitu 0,8786 (H<1) menunjukkan bahwa jenis mangrove yang ada di dominasi oleh satu jenis mangrove yaitu Rhyzophora sp., sedangkan mangrove yang lainnya seperti Bruguiera sp., Avicennia sp., dan Sonneratia sp. lebih sedikit ditemui pada lokasi penelitian.
Studying the Operational Management Strategies for Promoting Quality of Secondary Education
Authors: Durrani Muhammad Ismail , Hussain Irshad , Rasheed Muhammad Ali
Published: June 2020

This study examined the operational management strategies for promoting the quality of education at the secondary level in Punjab Province. The secondary school heads, teachers and students were subjects of the study. It used three questionnaires developed for them respectively. The findings suggest that the head teacher perceived his role as an operation manager. These role dimensions indicate that the head teacher acts as an educational manager by using operational management strategies deliver professional support to teachers by; solving the school-based problems of their teachers, promoting a culture of discipline in the school, conducting a performance evaluation of school staff and checking lesson plans regularly, consulting teachers in academic decisions, holding periodic meetings of teachers regarding coverage of syllabus and maintaining conducive to the working environment in their schools.
3D pediatric cranial bone imaging using high-resolution MRI for visualizing cranial sutures: a pilot study
Authors: Patel Kamlesh B. , Eldeniz Cihat , Skolnick Gary B. , Jammalamadaka Udayabhanu , Commean Paul K. , Goyal Manu S. , Smyth Matthew D. , An Hongyu
Published: June 2020

OBJECTIVE

There is an unmet need to perform imaging in young children and obtain CT-equivalent cranial bone images without subjecting the patients to radiation. In this study, the authors propose using a high-resolution fast low-angle shot golden-angle 3D stack-of-stars radial volumetric interpolated breath-hold examination (GA-VIBE) MRI sequence that is intrinsically robust to motion and has enhanced bone versus soft-tissue contrast.

METHODS

Patients younger than 11 years of age, who underwent clinical head CT scanning for craniosynostosis or other cranial malformations, were eligible for the study. 3D reconstructed images created from the GA-VIBE MRI sequence and the gold-standard CT scan were randomized and presented to 3 blinded reviewers. For all image sets, each reviewer noted the presence or absence of the 6 primary cranial sutures and recorded on 5-point Likert scales whether they recommended a second scan be performed.

RESULTS

Eleven patients (median age 1.8 years) underwent MRI after clinical head CT scanning was performed. Five of the 11 patients were sedated. Three clinicians reviewed the images, and there were no cases, either with CT scans or MR images, in which a reviewer agreed a repeat scan was required for diagnosis or surgical planning. The reviewers reported clear imaging of the regions of interest on 99% of the CT reviews and 96% of the MRI reviews. With CT as the standard, the sensitivity and specificity of the GA-VIBE MRI sequence to detect suture closure were 97% and 96%, respectively (n = 198 sutures read).

CONCLUSIONS

The 3D reconstructed images using the GA-VIBE sequence in comparison to the CT scans created clinically acceptable cranial images capable of detecting cranial sutures. Future directions include reducing the scan time, improving motion correction, and automating postprocessing for clinical utility.
James T. Goodrich, MD, PhD, 1946–2020: a historical perspective and his contributions to craniopagus separation
Authors: Lehrich Brandon M. , Brown Nolan J. , Shahrestani Shane , Sahyouni Ronald , Hsu Frank P. K.
Published: June 2020

Dr. James Tait Goodrich was an internationally renowned pediatric neurosurgeon who pioneered the neurosurgical procedures for the multistage separation of craniopagus twins. As of March 2020, 59 craniopagus separations had been performed in the world, with Goodrich having performed 7 of these operations. He was the single most experienced surgeon in the field on this complex craniofacial disorder. Goodrich was a humble individual who rapidly rose through the ranks of academic neurosurgery, eventually serving as Director of the Division of Pediatric Neurosurgery at the Children’s Hospital at Montefiore Medical Center in the Bronx, New York. In this historical vignette, the authors provide context into the history of and sociocultural attitudes toward conjoined twins; the epidemiology and classification of craniopagus twins; the beginnings of surgery in craniopagus twins; Goodrich’s neurosurgical contributions toward advancing treatment for this complex craniofacial anomaly; and vignettes of Goodrich’s unique clinical cases that made mainstream news coverage.
Kryzys Kościoła jako kryzys wartości w niemieckim dyskursie teologiczno-socjologicznym
Authors: Zduniak Agnieszka
Published: June 2020

Artykuł poświęcony jest przemianom następującym w sferze aksjonormatywnej, których skutkiem jest zmiana miejsca i roli Kościoła we współczesnym społeczeństwie, często określana mianem kryzysu. Autorka przedstawia najważniejsze wątki toczącej się od kilku dziesięcioleci w środowisku teologów i socjologów niemieckich dyskusji na temat możliwych przyczyn osłabienia społecznej pozycji instytucji Kościoła oraz sposobów radzenia sobie z tą sytuacją. Problemy Kościoła katolickiego w Niemczech są nieco inne niż w Polsce, jednak zbliżone kierunki przemian społeczno-kulturowych, w tym również tych zachodzących w sferze wartości, sprawiają, że Kościół w Polsce w przyszłości prawdopodobnie będzie musiał stawić czoła podobnym problemom. Potrzebne mogą okazać się pewne zmiany strukturalne oraz pastoralne, które mogłyby się przyczynić do wzrostu wiarygodności i skuteczności głoszenia Ewangelii współczesnemu człowiekowi.
Miejsce pracy w systemie wartości. Wyzwania wynikające z rozwoju technologii cyfrowych
Authors: Walczak-Duraj Danuta
Published: June 2020

Rozważania zawarte w tym opracowaniu koncentrują się na dwóch wiodących i powiązanych ze sobą zagadnieniach. Z jednej strony dotyczą miejsca pracy w systemie wartości Polaków, z drugiej zaś traktują o zmianach zachodzących na współczesnych rynkach pracy, wywołanych pod wpływem technologii cyfrowych, szczególnie zaś sztucznej inteligencji. Zmieniająca się nie tylko treść pracy, ale również sposób jej wykonania nie pozostaną bez wpływu zarówno na postawy wobec pracy jako istotnej dotąd wartości w życiu człowieka, jak i na zmiany wiodących profili osobowościowych. W istniejących scenariuszach dotyczących przyszłości pracy odnaleźć można bardzo zróżnicowane prognozy dotyczące rozwoju rynków pracy, pożądanego kształtu ładu aksjonormatywnego społeczeństwa nieodległej przyszłości coraz mocniej zakorzeniającego się w cywilizacji algorytmów. W tym kontekście coraz częściej podnoszony jest postulat, aby pojęcie pracy, rozumiane zarówno jako wartość, jak i określona forma aktywności ludzkiej, obejmowało bardzo zróżnicowane aktywności, również pracę nieodpłatną i niezarobkową, oraz odnosiło się do prac usługowych, opiekuńczych czy wychowawczych, wykonywanych na rzecz rodziny, społeczności lokalnej i do różnych form wolontariatu niepracowniczego.
Wartość czasu pracy w podmiotach leczniczych. Dylematy, uregulowania, społeczno-moralne implikacje
Authors: Prüfer Paweł , Piszczygłowa Bernadeta
Published: June 2020

Czas jest zarówno wartością samą w sobie, jak i wartością użyteczną. Podmioty lecznicze korzystają z tej wartości w wieloraki sposób. Czas pracy personelu medycznego, pełnione dyżury oraz czas wypoczynku regulowane są formalnymi przepisami prawa. Wartość czasu pracy uzależniona jest od rodzaju jej wykonywania, podmiotu który ją wykonuje oraz od uwarunkowań oraz kontekstu kulturowo-społecznego. Istotnym elementem określającym wartość czasu pracy jest ostatecznie odniesienie do człowieka jako podmiotu i priorytetu wszelkich działań społecznych. Dotyczy to zarówno szeroko rozumianego dobra lekarzy, jak i pacjentów. Jest to perspektywa etyczna i aksjologiczna, której nie powinno się pomijać w funkcjonowaniu i zarządzaniu podmiotami leczniczymi.
UMBERTO ECO COME SCRITTORE PER BAMBINI
Authors: Kalezić-Radonjić Svetlana
Published: June 2020

In questo articolo analizziamo tre libri per bambini di Umberto Eco: La bomba e il generale (1966, rev. 1988), I tre cosmonauti (1966, rev. 1988) e Gli gnomi di Gnu (1992). Tutte e tre le opere appartengono a libri illustrati, la cui identità testuale indica che sono indirizzati al pubblico più giovane, mentre le straordinarie "illustrazioni" di Eugenio Carmi presentano un'espressione distintamente modernista con un focus sul pubblico adulto. In linea con la definizione di base della letteratura per bambini come fenomeno della lettura “a doppio
fondo“, questi libri di Umberto Eco diventano una letteratura interessante per il cosiddetto pubblico duale. Nelle opere si prendono in esame le relazioni di potere tra le persone, si promuovono idee pacifiste sulla coesistenza, sulla tolleranza e sulla comprensione
reciproca, nonché quelle ambientali sulla protezione della natura. In questo articolo analizziamo i suddetti media verbo-visivi, cercando di definire più precisamente la portata della loro intenzionalità.
Contrasting perceptions about transparency, citizen participation, and open government between civil society organization and government
Authors: Ruvalcaba-Gomez Edgar Alejandro , Renteria Cesar
Published: June 2020

The concepts of Transparency, Citizen Participation and Open Government is increasingly being used by politicians, public officials and civil society. Open Government strategies are being assumed by public administration at different levels of government, but also by civil society organizations that are involved in issues of transparency, citizen participation mainly. However, there is a diversity about how the concepts are used by different social sectors. In this sense, it is pertinent to know how these concepts are perceived among the main sectors that trigger policies of transparency, citizen participation and open government. The objective of this research is to analyze transparency, citizen participation and open government from the perspectives of two fundamental sectors in the political-social participation process: Civil Society Organizations (CSO) and Government. To contrast the perspectives of the two sectors, the case of the State of Jalisco, Mexico is studied. This research shows the results of a survey administrated to members of CSO and public officials involved in open government actions. In order to contrast ideas and assessments, three dimensions are established for its analysis: a) open government, c) transparency and b) citizen participation. The results show a considerable gap between the perceptions of public officials and organized civil society.
Systemic change, open data ecosystem performance improvements, and empirical insights from Estonia: A country-level action research study
Authors: McBride Keegan , Olesk Maarja , Kütt Andres , Shysh Diana
Published: June 2020

The purpose of this paper is to provide an overview of how Estonia used action research and systems theory to improve the performance their Open Government Data (OGD) ecosystem. This paper understands performance of OGD ecosystems of as consisting of three parts: 1) OGD supply, 2) OGD usage, 3) communication, interaction, and linkages between OGD suppliers and users. It was believed that by taking a holistic approach, encouraging transparency and co-creation, and manipulating feedback loops it was possible to improve the performance of the ecosystem. The research uses and validates previous research on open government data ecosystems and by doing so also achieved increased levels of performance in Estonia’s OGD ecosystem. The paper’s main contributions are the creation of a framework based on systems theory, systems thinking, and action research for enacting strategic change in OGD ecosystems, conceptualizing feedback loops as a core part of OGD ecosystems, and the conceptualization of performance in OGD ecosystems. The paper concludes by offering nine core insights related to OGD ecosystems and their performance.
LegoNet - classification and extractive summarization of Indian legal judgments with Capsule Networks and Sentence Embeddings
Authors: Acharya Harshith R. , Bhat Aditya D. , Avinash K. , Srinath Ramamoorthy
Published: June 2020

In this paper, we propose the LegoNet - a system to classify and summarize legal judgments using Sentence Embedding, Capsule Networks and Unsupervised Extractive Summarization. To train and test the system, we have created a mini-corpus of Indian legal judgments which have been annotated according to the classes: Facts, Arguments, Evidences and Judgments. The proposed framework uses Sentence Embedding and Capsule Networks to classify parts of legal judgments into the classes mentioned above. This is then used by the extractive summarizer to generate a concise and succinct summary of the document grouped according to the above mentioned classes. Such a system could be used to help enable the Legal Community by speeding up the processes involving reading and summarizing legal documents which a Law professional would undertake in preparing for a case. The performance of the Machine Learning Model in this architecture can improve over time as more annotated training data is added to the corpus.
Deep fusion of multiple term-similarity measures for biomedical passage retrieval
Authors: Rosso-Mateus Andrés , Montes-y-Gómez Manuel , Rosso Paolo , González Fabio A.
Published: June 2020

Passage retrieval is an important stage of question answering systems. Closed domain passage retrieval, e.g. biomedical passage retrieval presents additional challenges such as specialized terminology, more complex and elaborated queries, scarcity in the amount of available data, among others. However, closed domains also offer some advantages such as the availability of specialized structured information sources, e.g. ontologies and thesauri, that could be used to improve retrieval performance. This paper presents a novel approach for biomedical passage retrieval which is able to combine different information sources using a similarity matrix fusion strategy based on convolutional neural network architecture. The method was evaluated over the standard BioASQ dataset, a dataset specialized on biomedical question answering. The results show that the method is an effective strategy for biomedical passage retrieval able to outperform other state-of-the-art methods in this domain.
A grammar for specifying full-body gestures elicited for abstract tasks
Authors: Céspedes-Hernández David , González-Calleros Juan Manuel , Guerrero-García Josefina , Vanderdonckt Jean
Published: June 2020

A gesture elicitation study consists of a popular method for eliciting a sample of end end users to propose gestures for executing functions in a certain context of use, specified by its users and their functions, the device or the platform used, and the physical environment in which they are working. Gestures proposed in such a study needs to be classified and, perhaps, extended in order to feed a gesture recognizer. To support this process, we conducted a full-body gesture elicitation study for executing functions in a smart home environment by domestic end users in front of a camera. Instead of defining functions opportunistically, we define them based on a taxonomy of abstract tasks. From these elicited gestures, a XML-compliant grammar for specifying resulting gestures is defined, created, and implemented to graphically represent, label, characterize, and formally present such full-body gestures. The formal notation for specifying such gestures is also useful to generate variations of elicited gestures to be applied on-the-fly on gestures in order to allow one-shot learning.
Career path level estimation and skill qualification feedback from textual descriptions
Authors: Duchanoy Carlos A. , Moreno-Armendáriz Marco A. , Calvo Hiram , Hernández-Ramos Víctor E.
Published: June 2020

LinkedIn is a social medium oriented to professional career handling and networking. In it, users write a textual profile on their experience, and add skill labels in a free format. Users are able to apply for different jobs, but specific feedback on the appropriateness of their application according to their skills is not provided to them. In this work we particularly focus on applicants of the project management branch from information technologies—although the presented methodology could be extended to any area following the same mechanism. Using the information users provide in their profile, it is possible to establish the corresponding level in a predefined Project Manager career path (PM level). 1500+ experiences and skills from 300 profiles were manually tagged to train and test a model to automatically estimate the PM level. In this proposal we were able to perform such prediction with a precision of 98%. Additionally, the proposed model is able to provide feedback to users by offering a guideline of necessary skills to be learned to fulfill the current PM level, or those needed in order to upgrade to the following PM level. This is achieved through the clustering of skill qualification labels. Results of experiments with several clustering algorithms are provided as part of this work.
An approach to evaluating sustainable supply chain risk management based on BWM and linguistic value soft set theory
Authors: Zhang Xinrui , Sun Bingzhen , Chen Xiangtang , Chu Xiaoli , Yang Jianan
Published: June 2020

Companies are attaching more and more importance to sustainable supply chain management (SSCM) as which makes the right strategy measures for companies. Due to the complexity of external environmental factors and internal structure, sustainable supply chain management is vulnerable to various risks. The purpose of this paper is to present a new two-stage approach for determining the best practitioner in Iran Pars Special Economic Energy Zone based on the sustainable supply chain risk management (SSCRM). The best and worst method (BWM) is used to determine the weight of risk factors. Then the method of linguistic value soft set is used to assess the impact of risk factors on each company’s sustainable supply chain which is a multiple attribute decision making problem with language preference in the second stage. Consequently, the ranking results of sustainable supply chain of each enterprise are obtained. This study contributes to finding the key risk factors of SSCRM. Evaluating these companies SSCRM with preference information, the best practitioner can obtain. The combination of BWM and linguistic value soft set approach provides a new nonparametric theoretical method and tool for this kind of decision-making problems with this background. At the same time, the conclusions of this study have guiding significance for the implementation of industrial supply chain. Limitations of the study along with future research directions are also presented.