bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Michigan men’s diabetes project: perspectives on a peer-led diabetes self-management and support intervention for Black men with type 2 diabetes
Authors: Ewen Alana M. , Hawkins Jaclynn M. , Kloss Katherine A. , Sengupta Srijani , Burgess Hannah , Nwankwo Robin , Funnell Martha , Mitchell Jamie , Piatt Gretchen
Published: December 2024

Background

Black men are more likely to be diagnosed with type 2 diabetes (T2D) compared to non-Hispanic White men, especially those over 55 years of age. Although there is ample evidence around the efficacy of peer-led diabetes self-management and support (PLDSMS) programs in improving diabetes health outcomes, Black men living with T2D experience several barriers to meaningful participation in peer-led programs and program developers face barriers to implementation. This qualitative study aimed to identify perspectives from collaborators on barriers and facilitators that impact the implementation of a PLDSMS intervention for older Black men with T2D.

Methods

Qualitative data were collected as part of the Michigan Men’s Diabetes Project. We used the Tailored Implementation in Chronic Diseases (TICD) Checklist to construct the semi-structured interview guide. TICD domains served as themes. Codes were later generated as a team (N = 3) from chunks of related text. Eight 1-on-1 semi-structured interviews (two researchers, three peer leaders, one community collaborator, two certified diabetes care and education specialists) were conducted between April 13–22, 2022 via Zoom. We engaged in thematic content analysis and used the rigorous and accelerated data reduction (RADaR) technique and Rapid analysis.

Results

Themes included guideline factors; individual collaborator factors; patient factors; professional interactions; incentives and resources; capacity for organizational change; and use of technology. Guidelines for implementing a PLDSMS program for Black men with T2D are lacking. For effective implementation, collaborators need interpersonal and session facilitation skills, flexibility, and cultural awareness. Although Black men with T2D may initially be apprehensive about participating in a PLDSMS program due to lack of knowledge, masculine norms, and stigma, these programs offer a safe space, a sense of brotherhood, and transparency. Having a physician champion is key in supporting organizational changes needed to implement PLDSMS programs in health systems, particularly as PLDSMS is not currently a billable service.

Conclusions

The PLDSMS program is culturally relevant in engaging older Black men with T2D. In addition to building trust among participants, successful development and implementation of a peer support program requires flexibility and tailored communication strategies. Findings can be used to inform future iterations of PLDSMS programs.
Addressing concerns of access and distribution of health workforce: a discrete choice experiment to develop rural attraction and retention strategies in southwestern Ethiopia
Authors: Hilo Abdela Alite , McPeak John
Published: December 2024

Background

There is a shortage of health workers in Ethiopia, with an uneven distribution between urban and rural areas. To formulate effective policy interventions aimed at attracting and retaining health workers in rural regions, this study examined the stated preferences of health workers when selecting health jobs.

Methods

A discrete choice experiment was conducted among health workers in the Aari and South Omo zones of the South Ethiopia region, from September to November 2022 to gather insights into their job preferences. The design of the discrete choice experiment was informed by literature review, focus group discussions, and in-depth interviews. Through these qualitative studies, key job attributes influencing health workers’ preferences were identified, including salary, education, housing, location, timeliness of payment, medicine and equipment, management culture, and infrastructure. We employed a mixed logit model, allowing for full correlation between utility coefficients, to assess the relative importance of these attributes and account for heterogeneity in preferences and scales. We also conducted a willingness-to-pay analysis and assessed the probability of job uptake for both single and combined incentives.

Results

All eight attributes exhibited statistically significant effects, with the expected signs, and indicating preference heterogeneity. Education opportunity, salary, and housing emerged as the most influential attributes shaping health workers’ decisions when considering a rural posting as a future workplace. Notably, health workers were willing to trade off a significant portion of their salary for improvements in other aspects of the job. Subgroup analysis revealed that health workers without a rural background were willing to pay more to work at the relatively more urban zone center compared to those with rural experience. Offering educational opportunities after one year of service at the base salary increased the probability of choosing a rural job posting by 79.8%. In addition, we find that packages of incentives are usually preferred over a single incentive.

Conclusion

Health workers express a willingness to relocate to or continue serving in rural areas contingent upon improved working conditions. Both monetary and non-monetary policy interventions should be considered by policymakers to attract and retain health workers at rural locations in southwestern Ethiopia.
Microscopic prevalence and risk factors of asymptomatic malaria in Gorgora, western Dembia, Northwest Ethiopia: exploring hidden threats during minor transmission season
Authors: Cherkos Tena , Derso Adane , Lemma Wossenseged , Abere Aberham , Deress Teshiwal , Tegegne Banchamlak , Mekonnen Gebeyaw Getnet , Birhanu Abebe , Tegegne Yalewayker
Published: December 2024

Background

Malaria poses a significant public health threat globally, particularly in African regions, where asymptomatic malaria is a considerable logistic problem. Individuals with asymptomatic malaria do not seek treatment, and thus they are invisible to health facilities and represent a substantial hidden reservoir of Plasmodium species. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of asymptomatic malaria and its associated factors in Gorgora, western Dembia district, Northwest Ethiopia.

Methods

A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted from May to June 2023 in the Gorgora area, Western Dembia district, Northwest Ethiopia. Data were collected using a semi-structured questionnaire. Giemsa-stained blood smear microscopy was employed for the diagnosis of Plasmodium species. The data were entered into Epi Data version 4.6 and exported to SPSS version 25 for analysis. Bivariate and multivariable binary logistic regression analyses were conducted to identify associated factors.

Results

Among the 357 individuals who participated in this study, 9.2% (33/357) [95% CI 6.40–12.70: p = 0.000] were confirmed to be infected with Plasmodium species. Plasmodium falciparum and Plasmodium vivax accounted for 66.7% and 33.3%, respectively. Not using bed nets [AOR = 7.3, 95% CI 2.08–23.46, p = 0.006)], previous malaria history [AOR = 2.6, 95% CI 1.01–6.45, p = 0.041], outdoor activities at night [AOR = 8.3, 95% CI 3.21–21.30, p = 0.000], and family size [AOR = 3.3, 95% CI 1.18–9.22, p = 0.023] were significantly associated with asymptomatic malaria (p < 0.05).

Conclusions

A considerable proportion of asymptomatic Plasmodium infections was found which likely act as a reservoir of transmission. This has implications for ongoing malaria control programmes that are based on the treatment of symptomatic patients and highlight the need for intervention strategies targeting asymptomatic carriers. Not using bed nets, engaging in outdoor activities at night, and having a family size of more than five increased the odds of developing asymptomatic malaria. The district health office and health extension workers should collaborate to promote the regular use of mosquito bed nets among community residents.
The experimental hut efficacy of next-generation insecticide-treated nets against pyrethroid-resistant malaria vectors after 12, 24 and 36 months of household use in Benin
Authors: Agbevo Abel , Syme Thomas , Fagbohoun Josias , Fongnikin Augustin , Ahoga Juniace , Accrombessi Manfred , Protopopoff Natacha , Cook Jackie , Churcher Thomas S. , Padonou Gil G. , Sovi Arthur , Ahogni Idelphonse , Govoetchan Renaud , Todjinou Damien , Akogbeto Martin , Ngufor Corine
Published: December 2024

Background

Cluster-randomized controlled trials (cluster-RCTs) have demonstrated variation in the epidemiological efficacy of different next-generation insecticide-treated net (ITN) types, with some providing shorter-lived impact than others. Further studies are needed to assess changes in the insecticidal durability of these ITNs over time to complement cluster-RCT results.

Methods

A series of experimental hut trials were performed to evaluate the bioefficacy of new and field-aged next-generation ITNs (PermaNet® 3.0, Royal Guard®, Interceptor® G2) compared to a pyrethroid-only net (Interceptor®) against pyrethroid-resistant malaria vectors in Covè, southern Benin. Field-aged nets were withdrawn from households at 12, 24 and 36 months. Net pieces cut from whole ITNs were analysed for chemical content, and susceptibility bioassays were performed during each trial to assess changes in insecticide resistance in the Covè vector population.

Results

Interceptor® G2 induced superior mosquito mortality than the other ITNs across all time points. The improved mortality with Interceptor® G2 compared to Interceptor® was evident across all time points but was greater with new nets (odds ratio (OR) = 8.6, 95% CI [7.4, 10.1]) than field-aged nets (OR = 2.5, 95% CI [1.8, 3.5] at 12 months, OR = 2.4, 95% CI [1.6, 3.7] at 24 months and OR = 2.9, 95% CI [1.6, 5.1] at 36 months). New Royal Guard® reduced mosquito fertility compared to the other ITNs, but this improvement fell after field-ageing, particularly at 24 months when it was similar to Interceptor® (11% vs 3%, p = 0.08). When new, mortality was significantly higher with PermaNet® 3.0 compared to Interceptor® (OR = 3.6, 95% CI [3.0, 4.2]); however, this benefit was lost with field-aged nets at 12 months (OR = 1.1, 95% CI [0.8, 1.5]) and 24 months (OR = 0.6, 95% CI [0.4, 0.9]). Retention of the non-pyrethroid compound in next-generation nets was low after 36 months (27% for PermaNet® 3.0, 26% for Royal Guard® and 15% for Interceptor® G2).

Conclusions

Interceptor® G2 outperformed the other ITNs, confirming the superiority of pyrethroid-chlorfenapyr nets over other net types. When new, all next-generation ITNs showed superior bioefficacy compared to Interceptor®; however, the size of this improvement fell after field-ageing due to poor durability of the non-pyrethroid compound. These findings emphasize the need to enhance the insecticidal durability of next-generation ITNs.
Researchers’ perspectives on the integration of molecular and genomic data into malaria elimination programmes in Africa: a qualitative study
Authors: Tindana Paulina , Sekwo Daniel Enos , Baatiema Leonard , Djimde Abdoulaye ,   the Pathogen Genomics Diversity Network, Africa (PDNA)
Published: December 2024

Background

Malaria remains a significant public health concern, despite global efforts to combat the disease with highest burden in Africa. Reports of emerging artemisinin partial- resistance in East Africa emphasize the importance of molecular data to guide policy decisions. Hence the need for researchers to collaborate with National control programmes to conduct genomics surveillance of malaria to inform malaria control and elimination policies. This study explored genomic researchers’ views on engaging with national control programmes to aid malaria elimination efforts in Africa.

Methods

This research employed an exploratory qualitative approach to investigate the views and experiences of malaria genomics researchers across 16 member countries of the Pathogen Genomic Diversity Network Africa (PDNA). In-depth interviews were conducted with each PDNA Principal Investigator, which were recorded, and transcribed verbatim. Subsequently, the data were analysed thematically with NVivo 12 qualitative data analysis software.

Results

The study revealed that majority of malaria genomics researchers focused on understanding the genetic composition and adaptation of the malaria parasite, its vector, and human host. Their investigations delved into areas such as drug and insecticide resistance, parasite evolution, host interactions, human host susceptibility to malaria, diversity of vaccine candidates, and molecular surveillance of malaria. Challenges included limited funding, lack of interest and capacity among National Malaria Control Programmes (NMCP) to use research evidence effectively, and difficulties in communicating data implications to policymakers due to the absence of WHO-certified use cases. Despite these obstacles, researchers expressed a keen interest in forming partnerships with NMCPs to integrate genetic data into malaria control efforts in Africa. They also stressed the importance of enhancing researchers' ability to communicate findings to policymakers and local communities through policy briefs and innovative communication strategies.

Conclusion

The study underscores the need to strengthen partnerships between genomic researchers and NMCPs to support malaria elimination in Africa. Furthermore, researchers should create practical frameworks for easy integration into WHO reporting formats to facilitate the use of molecular and genomic data in malaria control programme decision-making.
The status of insecticide resistance of Anopheles coluzzii on the islands of São Tomé and Príncipe, after 20 years of malaria vector control
Authors: Correa Maria , Lopes Janete , Sousa Carla A. , Rocha Gustavo , Oriango Robin , Cardetas Andreia , Viegas Joao , Cornel Anthony J. , Lanzaro Gregory C. , Pinto João
Published: December 2024

Background

Insecticide-based malaria vector control has been implemented on the islands of São Tomé and Príncipe (STP) for more than 20 years. During this period malaria incidence was significantly reduced to pre-elimination levels. While cases remained low since 2015, these have significantly increased in the last year, challenging the commitment of the country to achieve malaria elimination by 2025. To better understand the reasons for increasing malaria cases, levels and underlying mechanisms of insecticide resistance in the local Anopheles coluzzii populations were characterized.

Methods

Mosquito larval collections were performed in the rainy and dry seasons, between 2022 and 2024, in two localities of São Tomé and one locality in Príncipe. Susceptibility to permethrin, α-cypermethrin, pirimiphos-methyl and DDT was assessed using WHO bioassays and protocols. Intensity of resistance and reversal by PBO pre-exposure were determined for pyrethroid insecticides. The kdr locus was genotyped by PCR assays in subsamples of the mosquitoes tested.

Results

Anopheles coluzzii populations were fully susceptible to pirimiphos-methyl, but high levels of resistance to pyrethroids and DDT were detected, particularly in São Tomé rainy season collections. Increasing the pyrethroid and DDT dosages to 5 $$\times$$
×
and 10 $$\times$$
×
did not restore full susceptibility in all populations. Pre-exposure to PBO resulted into partial reversal of the resistance phenotype suggesting the presence of cytochrome P450 oxidases-mediated metabolic resistance. The L1014F knockdown resistance mutation was present in An. coluzzii on both islands but at much higher frequency in São Tomé where it was associated with the resistant phenotype.

Conclusions

Future vector control interventions should consider the use of non-pyrethroid insecticides or combination with synergists to overcome the high levels of pyrethroid resistance. Alternative control methods not dependent on the use of insecticides should be additionally implemented to achieve malaria elimination in STP.
Cannabinoids for treating psychiatric disorders in youth: a systematic review of randomized controlled trials
Authors: Köck Patrick , Badek Andrzej , Meyer Maximilian , Klaassen Arndt-Lukas , Walter Marc , Kindler Jochen
Published: December 2024

Background

Cannabinoids have been of increasing interest mainly due to their putative efficacy in a wide array of psychiatric, psychosomatic, and neurological conditions.

Aims

This systematic review aims to synthesize results from randomized placebo-controlled trials regarding the efficacy and the dosage of cannabinoids as therapeutics in psychiatric disorders in children, adolescents, and young adults.

Methods

All publications up to June 30th, 2024, were included from PubMed and Embase. Eligibility criteria in accordance with the PRISMA-guidelines was applied. RCTs providing pre- and post-treatment parameters on cannabinoid therapies for mental disorders in comparison to controls in an age range from 0 to 25 years were included. Effect sizes were calculated as Hedges’ g for primary outcomes, and a multilevel random-effects meta-analysis was conducted to account for dependent outcomes from same study populations.

Results

We identified 7603 records, of which 8 independent clinical trials (reported in 9 publications) met the pre-established eligibility criteria, comprising 474 unique participants (245 treatment, 229 control). Analysis of 13 primary outcomes (of 7 clinical trials) revealed a modest positive overall effect for symptom improvement or normalization of brain physiology (Hedges’ g = 0.308, 95% CI: 0.167, 0.448). Autism spectrum disorder studies showed the most consistent evidence (g = 0.264, 95% CI: 0.107, 0.421), while other conditions showed wider confidence intervals. Age-stratified analysis showed that adult populations (mean age 23.3 years, n = 5 outcomes) demonstrated higher effect sizes (g = 0.463, SD = 0.402) compared to pediatric populations (mean age 11.8 years, n = 8 outcomes; g = 0.318, SD = 0.212). Whole plant preparations (g = 0.328, 95% CI: 0.083, 0.573) and pharmaceutical cannabinoids (g = 0.292, 95% CI: 0.069, 0.515) showed comparable effects. CBD dosages ranged from 17.5 mg to 600 mg per day, with no significant correlation between dosage and effect size (ρ = -0.014, p = 0.963). Mild to moderate side effects were reported, but no serious adverse events. Risk of bias assessment ranged from low (n = 3) to high (n = 5).

Conclusion

While meta-analysis of effect sizes for primary outcomes revealed modest positive effects, particularly for autism spectrum disorders, the current evidence remains insufficient to broadly recommend cannabinoids for treating mental disorders in youth populations. Larger, controlled studies with standardized outcomes are needed to establish definitive clinical recommendations.
Oncogene activated human breast luminal progenitors contribute basally located myoepithelial cells
Authors: Kohler Katharina Theresa , Kim Jiyoung , Villadsen René , Rønnov-Jessen Lone , Petersen Ole William
Published: December 2024

Background

Basal-like breast cancer originates in luminal progenitors, frequently with an altered PI3K pathway, and focally in close association with genetically altered myoepithelial cells at the site of tumor initiation. The exact trajectory behind this bi-lineage phenomenon remains poorly understood.

Methods and results

Here we used a breast cancer relevant transduction protocol including hTERT, shp16, shp53, and PIK3CAH1047R to immortalize FACS isolated luminal cells, and we identified a candidate multipotent progenitor. Specifically, we identified a keratin 23 (K23)+/ALDH1A3+/CALML5− ductal-like progenitor with the potential to differentiate into CALML5+ lobular-like cells. We found that the apparent luminal phenotype of these oncogene transduced progenitors was metastable giving rise to basal-like cells dependent on culture conditions. In 3D organoid culture and upon transplantation to mice the bipotent progenitor cell line organized into a bi-layered acinus-like structure reminiscent of that of the normal breast gland.

Conclusions

These findings provide proof of principle that progenitors within the human breast luminal epithelial compartment may serve as a source of correctly positioned myoepithelial cells. This may prove useful in assessing the role of myoepithelial cells in breast tumor progression.
HIPSD&R-seq enables scalable genomic copy number and transcriptome profiling
Authors: Otoničar Jan , Lazareva Olga , Mallm Jan-Philipp , Simovic-Lorenz Milena , Philippos George , Sant Pooja , Parekh Urja , Hammann Linda , Li Albert , Yildiz Umut , Marttinen Mikael , Zaugg Judith , Noh Kyung Min , Stegle Oliver , Ernst Aurélie
Published: December 2024

Single-cell DNA sequencing (scDNA-seq) enables decoding somatic cancer variation. Existing methods are hampered by low throughput or cannot be combined with transcriptome sequencing in the same cell. We propose HIPSD&R-seq (HIgh-throughPut Single-cell Dna and Rna-seq), a scalable yet simple and accessible assay to profile low-coverage DNA and RNA in thousands of cells in parallel. Our approach builds on a modification of the 10X Genomics platform for scATAC and multiome profiling. In applications to human cell models and primary tissue, we demonstrate the feasibility to detect rare clones and we combine the assay with combinatorial indexing to profile over 17,000 cells.
Reduction of nicotine content in tobacco through microbial degradation: research progress and potential applications
Authors: Li Zi-Jia , Yang Dong-Dong , Wei Zhi-Yun , Huang Jie , Chi Yi-Qian , Lu You-Xuan , Yin Feng-Wei
Published: December 2024

Originally native to South America, tobacco and is now distributed worldwide as a major cash crop. Nicotine is the main harmful component of tobacco leaves, cigarette smoke and tobacco waste, which severely affects not only the flavor of the tobacco leaf, but also causes great damage to human health. As the anti-smoking movement continued to grow since the 1950s, and consumers become more aware of their health and environmental protection, the world tobacco industry has been committed to research, develop and produce low nicotine cigarette products with relatively low risk to human health. Among various approaches, the use of microorganisms to reduce nicotine content and improve tobacco quality has become one of the most promising methods. Due to increasing interest in nicotine-degrading microorganisms (NDMs), this article reviews recent reports on NDMs, nicotine-degrading enzymes, regulation of nicotine-degrading bacterial consortia and optimization of fermentation conditions, aiming to provide updated references for the in-depth research and application of microorganisms for the degradation of nicotine.

Graphical Abstract
FcRγIIA attenuates pathology of cutaneous leishmaniasis and modulates ITAMa/i balance
Authors: Hammi Ikram , Giron-Michel Julien , Riyad Myriam , Akarid Khadija , Arnoult Damien
Published: December 2024

Background

Leishmania is the causal parasite of leishmaniasis, a neglected tropical disease affecting millions of individuals worldwide, and its dissemination is linked to climate change. Despite the complexity and effectiveness of the immune response, the parasite has developed many strategies to evade it and take control of the host cell to replicate. These evasion strategies start at early stages of infection by hijacking immune receptors to mitigate the cellular response. In this study, we examined whether Leishmania uses the Fc receptor FcγRIIA/CD32a and its downstream signaling pathways to evade the host immune response.

Methods

Regarding in vivo studies, CD32a transgenic mice and the corresponding wild types were infected with Leishmania major Friedlin strain. For the in vitro experiments, BMDMs isolated from WT or CD32a transgenic mice and control or CD32a knockdown differentiated THP-1s were infected with two species of Leishmania, Leishmania major and L. tropica.

Results

In vivo, expression of FcγRIIA/CD32a was found to accelerate the signs of inflammation while simultaneously preventing the formation of necrotic lesions after Leishmania infection. In infected macrophages, the presence of FcγRIIA/CD32a did not affect the secretion of proinflammatory cytokines, while the balance between ITAMa and ITAMi proteins was disturbed with improved Fyn and Lyn activation. Unexpectedly, infection with L. tropica but not L. major triggered an intracytoplasmic processing of FcγRIIA/CD32a.

Conclusions

Our observations underscore the significance of FcγRIIA/CD32a in cutaneous leishmaniasis and its potential use as a therapeutic target.

Graphical Abstract
Fecal carriage of ESBL-producing E. coli and genetic characterization in rural children and livestock in the Somali region, Ethiopia: a one health approach
Authors: Muhummed Abdifatah , Alemu Ashenafi , Hosch Salome , Osman Yahya , Tschopp Rea , Yersin Simon , Schindler Tobias , Hattendorf Jan , Zinsstag Jakob , Cissé Guéladio , Vonaesch Pascale
Published: December 2024

Background

The emergence and spread of Extended-Spectrum Beta-Lactamase (ESBL)-producing Escherichia coli pose significant challenges for treatment of infections globally. This challenge is exacerbated in sub-Saharan African countries, where the prevalence of ESBL-producing E. coli is high. This, combined with the lack of a strong and supportive healthcare system, leads to increased morbidity and mortality due to treatment failures. Notably, studies in Ethiopia have primarily focused on hospital settings, leaving a gap in understanding ESBL prevalence in rural communities, where human-animal proximity may facilitate microbial exchange.

Methods

We conducted a community-based study in the rural Somali region of Ethiopia, simultaneously examining the fecal carriage of ESBL-producing E. coli in children aged 2–5 years and their livestock (cattle, camel, goat). Fecal samples from 366 children and 243 animals underwent phenotypic screening for ESBL-producing E. coli. Following phenotypic confirmation, ESBL resistance genes were identified via conventional PCR. Whole-genome sequencing (WGS) was performed on a subset of isolates from human feces.

Results

We found that 43% (159/366) of children and 3.7% (9/244) of livestock harbored ESBL-producing E. coli. The ESBL gene blaCTX-M-15 was predominant in human (82.7%, 120/145) and livestock (100%) isolates. In the 48 human E. coli isolates subjected to WGS, a high diversity resulting in 40 sequence types (STs) was observed. Among these, ST-2353 was the most prevalent (5/48), followed by ST-10 and ST-48 (3/48) and ST-38, ST-450, and ST-4750 (2/48). These STs were associated with multiple resistance genes, such as blaCTX-M-15, blaTEM-1B, blaOXA-1, blaCTX-M-14 and blaTEM-35.

Conclusion

We report a high prevalence of ESBL E. coli in rural children, which outnumbers its prevalence in livestock. These isolates displayed a high diversity of sequence types (STs) with ST-2353 being the dominant ST. Our study is the first to report the association of ST-2353 with multi-drug resistance genes in Ethiopia. Further research using an integrated approach including other domains such as water and food products is needed to truly understand and combat AMR transmission and acquisition in this region.
Characteristics, opportunities, and challenges of osteopathy (COCO) in the perceptions of osteopaths in Germany, Austria, and Switzerland: a metasynthesis
Authors: Manschel Jonas , Porthun Jan , Beuckels Jean Marie A. T. , Martin David
Published: December 2024

Background

The practice of osteopathy in Europe is not uniformly regulated. Even despite the topographical and cultural proximity, the regulation of the osteopathic profession also differs in the German-speaking countries. In contrast to Germany and Austria, both without any recognized osteopathic profession, Switzerland has already created legal regulations for the practice of osteopathy. The aim of this analysis and the project itself is to gain knowledge about the characteristics, challenges and opportunities of osteopaths in German-speaking countries.

Methods

The COCO project examines osteopaths in Germany, Austria, and Switzerland, considering their view on the practice of osteopathy. Within the framework of a metasynthesis, a systematic literature search was conducted first to identify further relevant studies. Subsequently, a qualitative synthesis was followed after having applied the inclusion and exclusion criteria to the literature found.

Results

This study was able to draw on a total of 30 content-analyzed interviews with osteopaths. It was possible to gain deeper insights into the characteristics, challenges and opportunities of osteopaths in German-speaking countries.

Challenges were diagnosed, for example, regarding professional identity, as well as in the intraprofessional conflicts and the question of standards in training and research. The chances were described as leading a fulfilling professional life and meeting a great interest in osteopathy among the population.

Conclusions

Regarding the characteristics of osteopathy in Germany, Austria and Switzerland, it can be said that osteopaths have difficulties to define osteopathy. The resources mentioned most often are manual work on the patient, a holistic treatment approach and generous treatment durations. Lecturers and prominent figures can be seen as role models and greatly influence the perspective of osteopaths. The central challenge is the problem of identity among osteopaths. In addition, different training programs and qualifications exist, which also presents the greatest country-specific differences. The satisfaction of osteopaths in their work and the extreme demand for osteopathy in society should be seen as an opportunity for the field.
A mobile-based randomized controlled trial on the feasibility and effectiveness of screening for major depressive disorder: study protocol
Authors: Zandbergen M. M. E. , Jansen E. E. L. , Jabbarian L. J. , de Koning H. J. , de Kok I. M. C. M.
Published: December 2024

Background

Mobile-based screening interventions to detect and treat Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) at an early stage might be a promising approach for reducing its societal burden. In the present study, we will evaluate the feasibility and effectiveness of screening for MDD using a mobile-based screening protocol.

Methods

This study will be a three-arm, parallel randomized control trial (RCT) performed in a multi-ethnic population within the municipality of Rotterdam (the Netherlands). The trial includes two intervention groups that will be screened 4-weekly for MDD for 12 months using the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) and a control group who does not receive mobile-based screening for MDD. Participants in the one-test intervention arm will be referred for further diagnosis and treatment, if necessary, after a single positive test score for moderate-severe major depression symptoms (PHQ-9 > 10). Participants in the multiple-test intervention arm will only be referred after three consecutive positive test scores. 1786 eligible participants will be included in the RCT, with 446 and 447 in the one-test and multiple-test referral arms, respectively, and 893 in the control arm. Primary outcome is participants’ QoL after 12 months (EQ-5D-5L). Secondary outcomes include participants’ QoL after 24 months (EQ-5D-5L), evaluating the occurrence and severity of MDD symptoms (PHQ-9), intervention engagement, and identifying public mental health differences based on sociodemographic characteristics, including age, gender, ethnicity, financial situation, educational background, and living area. Long-term results of the RCT will be incorporated into a microsimulation model to determine the long-term benefits, harms, and costs of MDD screening.

Discussion

The information gained from examining the feasibility and (cost-) effectiveness of mobile-based screening for MDD could be of guidance for mental health policy implementations and support the introduction of mobile-based screening for MDD in the Netherlands and/or other nations.

Trial registration

ClinicalTrials.gov: NL84280.078.23, NCT05989412, August 8, 2024.
Mothers balancing work and family: the associations with emotional well-being, sleep–wake problems and the role of basic needs
Authors: Olivieri Rosalia , Lo Presti Alessandro , Costa Sebastiano , Ariemma Lucia , Fabbri Marco
Published: December 2024

Background

The transition to motherhood involves significant changes, extending from pregnancy to the early years of a child's life. This period, characterized by multiple stressors and adjustments, can profoundly impact maternal well-being. For this reason, the aim of this study was to investigate the associations between work-family balance, need satisfaction, depression, anger, vitality and sleep–wake problems, using Self-determination Theory (SDT) as a theoretical framework.

Methods

Participated in this study 218 working mothers in Italy with children aged between 1 and 36 months. Using a correlational design, SEM with latent variables was used to test an integrative model.

Results

Results revealed significant positive associations between work-family balance and need satisfaction, and vitality, and negative direct associations of need satisfaction with sleep–wake problems, depression, and anger. Indirect associations were also visible between work-family balance and psychological outcomes through need satisfaction.

Conclusions.

Overall, findings underscore the importance of conditions that support the satisfaction autonomy, competence, and relatedness of working mothers during this critical life stage. These insights have implications for organizational policies and interventions aimed at supporting the mental health of working mothers.
mRNA cancer vaccines from bench to bedside: a new era in cancer immunotherapy
Authors: Shariati Alireza , Khani Pouria , Nasri Farzad , Afkhami Hamed , Khezrpour Arya , Kamrani Sina , Shariati Fatemeh , Alavimanesh Sajad , Modarressi Mohammad Hossein
Published: December 2024

Harnessing the power of the immune system to target cancer cells is one of the most appealing approaches for cancer therapy. Among these immunotherapies, messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) cancer vaccines are worthy of consideration, as they have demonstrated promising results in clinical trials. These vaccines have proven to be safe and well-tolerated. They can be easily mass-produced in a relatively short time and induce a systemic immune response effective against both the primary tumor and metastases. Transcripts encoding immunomodulatory molecules can also be incorporated into the mRNA, enhancing its efficacy. On the other hand, there are some challenges associated with their application, including mRNA instability, insufficient uptake by immune cells, and intrinsic immunogenicity, which can block mRNA translation. Many innovations have been suggested to overcome these obstacles, including structural modification (such as 5’ cap modification), optimizing delivery vehicles (especially dendritic cells (DCs) and nanoparticles), and using antigens that can enhance immunogenicity by circumventing tolerance mechanisms. A popular approach is to combine mRNA cancer vaccines with traditional and novel cancer treatments like chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and immune checkpoint blockade (ICB). They are most efficacious when combined with other therapies like ICBs. There is still a long way to go before these vaccines enter the standard of care for cancer patients, but with the incredible pace of development in this field, their clinical application will soon be witnessed. This review highlights the recent advances and challenges of mRNA cancer vaccines. Finally, some of the most prominent clinical applications of these vaccines will be reviewed.
1,2-DCA biodegradation potential of an aquifer assessed in situ and in aerobic and anaerobic microcosms
Authors: Cruciata Ilenia , Scirè Calabrisotto Laura , Carpani Giovanna , Poppa Lucia , Modica Alfonso , Pace Andrea , Catania Valentina , Quatrini Paola
Published: December 2024

Background

1,2-dichloroethane (1,2-DCA) biodegradation can occur through aerobic or anaerobic pathways that can be exploited in bioremediation strategies. Bioremediation interventions are site specific and generally based on anaerobic pathways, nevertheless expanding knowledge on proper conditions favoring the biodegradation and especially on 1,2-DCA degrading microorganisms is crucial. In this work the intrinsic biodegradation potential of an aquifer impacted by Chlorinated Aliphatic Hydrocarbons (mainly 1,2-DCA) was evaluated by characterizing the aquifer microbiome across space and time and by setting up biostimulation treatments in microcosms under different aerobic and anaerobic conditions, in parallel.

Results

The microbial profiling of the aquifer revealed noticeable alpha and beta diversity across the sampling sites within the aquifer and strong fluctuations over time. Surprisingly both the anaerobic and aerobic biostimulation treatments led to the successful removal of 1,2-DCA in microcosms, the enrichment of known 1,2-DCA degraders and the detection of reductive or hydrolytic dehalogenases. Ancylobacter and Starkeya were enriched in aerobic microcosms. Desulfovibrio and Desulfuromonas, known as perchloroethylene degraders, were enriched in anaerobic microcosms, suggesting they could be yet unknown 1,2-DCA respirers.

Conclusions

Our results demonstrate the occurrence of both aerobic and anaerobic bioremediation potential in the aquifer despite its negative redox potential. Due to the feasibility of direct oxidation with oxygen insufflation, we propose that an enhanced bioremediation strategy based on direct oxidation of 1,2-DCA could be applied to the contaminated aquifer as an ecofriendly, efficient and cost-effective approach as an alternative to anaerobic biodegradation.
Impact of model physiotherapy centres in reducing the burden among the caregivers of children with neurodevelopmental disorders in the rural area of Tamil Nadu: a study protocol
Authors: Kanniappan Vadivelan , Muthuperumal Prakash , Venkataraman P. , Veeragoudhaman T. S. , Chinnasami Balaji , Muthiah Manikumar , Jayapal Rajeswari Abishek , Manoharan Manju Bashini , Suresh Shrisruthi , Natesan Ashok
Published: December 2024

Background

Approximately 1 in 8 children under the age of 6 in Tamil Nadu are diagnosed with neurodevelopmental disorders (NDD), yet only a fraction of these children receives proper medical care. The unequal distribution of healthcare services is mainly due to the lack of accessibility, especially in rural areas, leading to a significant burden on caregivers. This research aims to alleviate caregiver burden and reduce disability in preschool children by establishing model clinics or specialized outreach centers in rural villages, supported by SRM Institute of Science and Technology under the Unnat Bharat Abhiyan Scheme.(UBA-SRMIST).

Methods

The study will commence with screening all preschool children registered in Anganwadi in the designated villages. Tailored model clinics will be set up in these villages based on the prevalence of NDD. Once established, children diagnosed with NDD will undergo rehabilitation for a year. Baseline and endline assessments will be conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of the model center on both the child's disability and the caregiver burden.

Discussion

This research will demonstrate the effectiveness of a model outreach center in rural villages in reducing disability levels in children and alleviating caregiver burden by eliminating the need for long travels to access rehabilitation services. The findings of this study will not only contribute to the objectives of UBA-SRMIST in uplifting villages but also facilitate the creation of registries and provision of data to the government for the implementation of policies that address the current disparities in healthcare access.

Trial registration Trail has been registered under Clinical Trials Registry—India (CTRI/2024/06/069196).
When common cognitive biases impact debriefing conversations
Authors: Meguerdichian Michael J. , Trottier Dana George , Campbell-Taylor Kimberly , Bentley Suzanne , Bryant Kellie , Kolbe Michaela , Grant Vincent , Cheng Adam
Published: December 2024

Healthcare debriefing is a cognitively demanding conversation after a simulation or clinical experience that promotes reflection, underpinned by psychological safety and attention to learner needs. The process of debriefing requires mental processing that engages both “fast” or unconscious thinking and “slow” intentional thinking to be able to navigate the conversation. “Fast” thinking has the potential to surface cognitive biases that impact reflection and may negatively influence debriefer behaviors, debriefing strategies, and debriefing foundations. As a result, negative cognitive biases risk undermining learning outcomes from debriefing conversations. As the use of healthcare simulation is expanding, the need for faculty development specific to the roles bias plays is imperative. In this article, we hope to build awareness about common cognitive biases that may present in debriefing conversations so debriefers have the chance to begin the hard work of identifying and attending to their potential detrimental impacts.
GLP-1R Gene Polymorphisms and Metabolic Traits During Childhood and Adolescence: The EPOCH Study
Authors: Harrall Kylie K , Glueck Deborah H , Lange Leslie A , Litkowski Elizabeth M , Vanderlinden Lauren A , Konigsberg Iain R , Cree Melanie G , Perng Wei , Dabelea Dana
Published: December 2024

Context

This is the first study to examine the association between variants of the glucagon-like-peptide-1 receptor gene (GLP-1R) and metabolic characteristics among youth.

Objective

We explored separate associations of 3 GLP-1R polymorphisms (rs10305420, rs6923761, and rs1042044) with body mass index (BMI) trajectories and markers of glucose-insulin homeostasis.

Methods

Mixed models examined associations between GLP-1R polymorphisms and trajectories of BMI. Linear models examined associations of GLP-1R polymorphisms with glucose and insulin concentrations across oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT), insulin sensitivity (HOMA2-IR), insulin secretion (insulinogenic index and HOMA2-%B), and β-cell function (oral disposition index).

Results

Rs10305420 and rs6923761, but not rs1042044, were associated with growth and metabolic characteristics in early life. Rs6923761 genotype GG was associated with faster BMI growth velocity, when compared to carriers of the minor allele (difference in velocity [95% CI]: 0.16/year [0.07-0.24] at age 10), which led to significantly higher average BMI by age 16 (average difference [95% CI]: 1.29 [0.22-2.37]). Rs10305420 CC and rs6923761 GG genotypes had higher HOMA2-IR (β [95% CI]: 1.19% [1.06-1.32] and 1.13% [1.01-1.26], respectively) compared to minor allele carriers. Rs10305420 CC had higher HOMA2-%B (β [95% CI]: 1.09% [1.01-1.17]), and higher stimulated insulin secretion at 30 minutes (β [95% CI]: 27.62 μIU/mL [3.00-25.24]) and 120 minutes (β [95% CI]: 18.94 μIU/mL [1.04-36.84]), when compared to carriers of the minor allele.

Conclusion

GLP-1R polymorphisms are associated with faster BMI growth across development, and lower estimated insulin sensitivity and higher compensatory insulin secretion during adolescence. GLP-1R polymorphisms should be considered in future pediatric studies of genetic susceptibility for obesity and diabetes.
Diagnosing Hypoparathyroidism, Sensorineural Deafness, and Renal Dysplasia Syndrome and a Novel GATA3 Variant
Authors: Valenciaga Anisley , Brock Pamela , O’Donnell Benjamin , Ing Steven W
Published: December 2024

Hypoparathyroidism (hypoPTH), sensorineural deafness, and renal dysplasia (HDR) syndrome is a rare autosomal dominant condition with approximately 200 cases published. HDR syndrome is caused by variants of GATA binding protein 3 gene (GATA3), which encodes a transcription factor, with multiple types of GATA3 variants reported. We present the case of a 76-year-old woman who was diagnosed with hypoPTH when she was aged 40 years and transferred care to our institution. Further history elucidated presence of deafness at age 1 year and chronic kidney disease with a left atrophic kidney diagnosed in her 60 seconds. Genetic testing identified a novel GATA3 missense variant of unknown significance (c.791G > A, p.Cys264Tyr). There was no family history of hypoPTH, deafness, or renal disease, which might indicate incomplete penetrance or de novo mutation. Advanced modeling of protein sequence and biophysical properties predicts abnormal protein function, suggesting possible pathogenicity. In addition, a likely pathogenic variant in the same amino acid was previously described in a patient with HDR, supporting the in silico prediction of pathogenicity in our patient's variant. Syndromic hypoPTH should be considered in patients even if presenting later in life with presumed chronic isolated conditions. Genetic testing can guide further disease screening and family testing when appropriate.
Heretical Hebrew
Authors: Meinecke Gregor Christopher
Published: December 2024

This article discusses a Christian devotional painting by the Early Renaissance artist Andrea Mantegna. It traces its iconographic traits to illustrate its anti-Jewish implications by focusing on the depiction of an inscribed, pseudo-Hebrew paper crown. This attribute situates Mantegna’s painting within the humanist studies of Hebrew, the Veritas Hebraica, which was a means to access antique sources and to delegitimize Jewish belief. The article further draws a parallel to the burning of heretics, who wore similar crowns when they were condemned. Since Mantegna depicts the Jews with such crowns while they hold Jesus in their hands, Mantegna invents a cunning way to invert the accusers and the accused and embeds a hitherto unexplored, anti-Jewish statement. The article traces the development of the visual tradition of the ostracization of Jews in the late fifteenth and early sixteenth centuries.
The Life of Urban(e) Waters
Authors: Roddy Stephen
Published: December 2024

This article discusses how a sequence of 120 bamboo branch lyrics, Ōtō shiji zasshi (Miscellaneous Poems on the Four Seasons East of the Kamogawa, ca. 1826), represent the interface of Kyoto's bustling entertainment quarter with the waters of Kamogawa River that sustained it. Adapting elements of the French philosopher and Sinologist François Jullien's (b. 1951) analytical schema identifying and characterizing what he calls the “folds” or patterns of Chinese and Western thought, the article addresses how poems embed urban livelihoods and entertainment in the seasonal rhythms of their physical settings, and how fluidity, “communicability,” and “discretion” pervade the urban ambiance or urbanity conveyed therein. Pondering such features of this poetry in tandem with Jullien's thought might lead to fruitful discussions of the cultural and physical “folds” that have hardened into present-day urban landscapes. Exploring how fluidity and receptivity to transitivity, both literal and figurative—to currents of air, water, and life itself—might facilitate growth of an urbane sensibility that is less obtrusive and, ergo, less environmentally corrosive in cities of the future.
“Natural” Disasters and Disaster Relief
Authors: Xu Huaji , Gong Haomin
Published: December 2024

This article discusses Celestial Fire, volume 2 of Alai's Epic of Ji Village, which depicts a major natural disaster—a wildfire—that hits the village during the Cultural Revolution and the subsequent relief efforts. This article examines how the natural disaster is woven into the texture of social organisms, appropriated by political powers, and maneuvered for building a modern Chinese nation. By investigating how the wildfire, as both a natural and a social event, changes the landscape and the communal structure of Ji Village, and how the state-orchestrated relief efforts fail to lead to salvation, the authors demonstrate the complexity in socialist China of “ecoethnic politics”: politics of ethnic, national, and class relations mediated through ecological changes and reshaping of nature. Nature is thus shown as an ecoideological tapestry into which gender, ethnic, and class politics are intricately interwoven.