bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Factors of pathogenicity of bacteria of the genus Campylobacter and their role in carcinogenesis
Authors: Soboleva O , Kravchenko A , Zakharova Yu
Published: September 2024

Bacteria of the genus Campylobacter are a known common cause of gastroenteritis. However, in recent years, there has been more and more evidence in the scientific literature that these bacteria play an essential role in the development of malignant tumors of the human digestive tract. The aim is to systemize data on pathogenicity/virulence factors of Campylobacter spp. and its role in human carcinogenesis. The review provides a general description of the representatives of the genus in question, indicating their current taxonomic position and importance in human infectious pathology. A detailed description of known pathogenicity/virulence factors, including those with species-specific and strain-specific affiliation, is given. The indirect role of Campylobacter spp. in the mechanism of carcinogenesis has been shown due to the effect on individual links of the immune defense of the human body (e.g., on a pool of proinflammatory cytokines), which supports a chronic focus of inflammation and provokes further malignant cell degeneration. The direct effect of cytolethal expanding toxin (CDT) of Campylobacter as an essential link in carcinogenesis is considered. The facts of tumor-associated interaction of Campylobacter spp. with other bacteria of the human digestive tract are presented. Conclusion. The available data indicate a significant contribution of individual factors of Campylobacter spp. pathogenicity to the mechanisms of malignant neoplastic transformation of human digestive tract cells. CDT plays an essential role among other pathogenesis links.
Analysis of mononuclear leukocyte functional activity in peripheral blood of patients with varying clinical severity of acute Lyme disease
Authors: Ilyinskikh E , Voronkova O , Filatova E , Reshetova A , Hasanova R , Esimova I , Chernyshov N , Yampolskaya A , Yampolskaya O , Buzhak N , Minakova E
Published: September 2024

The aim of the study is to assess spontaneous and phytohemagglutinin (PHA)-induced proliferative and cytokine secretory activity in mononuclear blood cell cultures of patients with acute Lyme borreliosis (LB) over times before and after antibiotic therapy as well as depending on clinical severity. Materials and methods. Activity of blast transformation reaction (BTR) of lymphocytes and the secretion levels of interleukins (IL)-1β, IL-2, IL-6, IL-4, IL-10, IL-8, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, monocyte chemoattractant protein (MCP)-1, interferon (IFN)-γ and IFN-α were assessed twice over time in the cultures of mononuclear blood cells of 18 and 14 patients with mild and moderate severity of acute LB. Results. It was determined that the moderate clinical course of acute LB as compared with the mild course was associated with the significant suppression of BTR levels, the increases in spontaneous and/or PHA-stimulated production levels of proinflammatory cytokines IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, TNF-α and MCP-1, which were balanced by the increases in secretion levels of anti-inflammatory cytokines IL-10 and IL-4. The initial suppression of IFN-γ secretion in this group gave way to an increase in its production over time, which generally corresponded to the formation of an immune response of the mixed Th1/Th2 type.
Features of clinical and laboratory manifestations of moderate-to-severe COVID-19 in male and female inpatients
Authors: Paplauskaya E , Kindaleva V , Kulaha E , Rouba A , Silizevich J , Paplauski A
Published: September 2024

The article presents results of a study of the moderate to severe coronavirus infection COVID-19 in male and female male and female hospitalized inpatients. It has been shown that in hospitalized men with moderate to severe coronavirus infection there are more pronounced manifestations of the common inflammatory reaction such as hyperthermia (p<0,05), neutrophilic leukocytosis(p<0,05), and CRP-elevation(p<0,05). Kidney damage was more severe in men than in women initially (p<0,05) and after treatment (p<0,05). Alterations in liver function of male patients were observed at initiation and post-treatment, while female patients only developed such nearing the end of hospitalization.
Spontaneous and LPS-induced cytokine production in supernatants of cell cultures isolated from a skin biopsy in a mouse model of acute psoriasis-like dermatitis
Authors: Sorokina E , Akhmatova E , Bisheva I , Stolpnikova V , Kalinichenko E , Skhodova S
Published: September 2024

The purpose of the work performed was to obtain data on spontaneous and LPS-stimulated cytokine production in cell culture supernatants isolated from isolated from skin bioptates of C57BL/6 mice in an imiquimod-induced psoriasis model. Methods. Skin cells were isolated by spontaneous migration and enzymatic dissociation in a collagenase solution. Cells isolated from the skin were cultured for 24 hours in RPMI-1640 (spontaneous cytokine production) or RPMI-1640 medium with the addition of a solution (10 micrograms/ml) of E. coli LPS (induced). Cytokine levels were determined by flow laser cytofluorometry using the Mouse Th1/Th2/Th17 multiplex test system (Antigenix America, USA) on an FC-500 cytometer. Results. In the focus of imiquimod-induced inflammation, an increase in the spontaneous production of proinflammatory cytokines IL-1, IL-5, IL-17 was observed by 2.4-3.8 times. At the same time, a 1.9-fold inhibition of IFNy synthesis was detected when cultivating skin cells in the presence of bacterial LPS.
Drug-induced nephropathy: a brief overview of prevention, diagnosis, treatment
Authors: Vykhrystsenka L
Published: September 2024

Drug-induced nephropathy (DN) is a common cause of kidney injury in outpatients and hospitalized patients, affecting approximately 20% of the adult population. DN occurs especially often when patients are treated with antibiotics, antiviral, antitumor drugs and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. A detailed collection of pharmacological and allergological history and assessment of potential risk factors for drug nephrotoxicity are key to DN prevention and diagnosis. The article briefly covers the mechanisms of development and clinical phenotypes of DN, criteria for diagnosis, principles of patient management, including general prevention of DN and prevention of kidney injury associated with certain medications.
Demodicidosis in clinical practice: more questions than answers
Authors: Sokolova T , Golitsyna M , Malyarchuk A
Published: September 2024

Demodicosis is a common parasitic dermatosis in humans. Data on the role of demodicosis as an independent nosological form are contradictory. However, in ICD-10 demodicosis is encrypted as "B88. Other acariasis. Dermatitis due to Demodex species". Purpose. To study the variety of approaches of dermatologists to the problem of demodicosis using the anonymous survey method. Methods. An individual registration card was used for an anonymous survey of doctors, including 45 questions with various answer options, posted on the electronic resource Google forms https://forms.gle/neH4zn27znwv4ZrW7. Doctors received information about the study at the Department of Skin and Sexually Transmitted Diseases with a cosmetology course at the Medical Institute of Continuing Education of the Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education "ROSBIOTECH" and at the conference "Infections and Infection Control in Dermatology" (Moscow, 2023). 134 doctors took part in the study. Results. Data on the level of professional training of doctors is presented. Defined frequency of registration of demodicosis in clinical practice, diagnostic criteria for demodicosis as an independent nosological form, features of its course against the background of coronavirus infection. Disadvantages and difficulties in laboratory diagnostics have been identified. The spectrum, frequency of use of drugs for treatment and their off-label use have been studied. Conclusions. Entrenched false stereotypes regarding the clinic, diagnosis and treatment of the disease have been identified, which forms the basis of a scientific research algorithm to eliminate the identified shortcomings.
The role of cytokine gene polymorphic variants in predicting COVID-19 outcomes
Authors: Baranova N , Aschina L , Bolgova A , Lesina O
Published: September 2024

The COVID-19 pandemic has shown that the outcomes of the disease depend on many factors and, above all, genetic mutations in the immune system. A special role in the outcome of COVID-19 is attributed to a defect in the genes of inflammatory cytokines, the excess of which leads to endothelial dysfunction with damage to vital organs, often with lethal outcome. The aim of the study was to investigate polymorphisms of IL-1β (T-31C), TNF-α (G-308A), IL-10 (G-1082A), IL-17(G-197A), IL-4 (C-589T) genes in COVID-19 patients depending on the outcome of the disease. Methods. We examined 142 patients diagnosed with COVID-19, of whom 122 patients ended the disease with recovery (group 1) and 20 patients died (group 2). Polymorphisms of IL-1β (T-31C), TNF-α (G-308A), IL-10 (G-1082A), IL-17(G-197A), IL-4 (C-589T) genes by genetic method were investigated in COVID-19 patients depending on the outcome of the disease. Results. Analysis of IL-1β (Т-31С), TNF-α (G-308A), IL-10 (G-1082A), IL-17(G-197A), IL-4 (С-589Т) gene polymorphisms in COVID-19 patients showed no statistical differences in recovered patients compared to deceased patients. Statistically significant differences were found in IL-10 gene (genotype -1082A/A). It was found to be recorded 3.8 times more frequently in the group of COVID-19 deceased patients compared to recovered patients (p=0.001; OR=1.027). Conclusion. Among the studied polymorphic variants of IL-1β (T-31C), TNF-α (G-308A), IL-10 (G-1082A), IL-17(G-197A), IL-4 (C-589T) genotype -A/A polymorphism of IL-10(G-1082A) was a significant marker of increased risk of COVID-19 lethal outcome, which can be used as a possible predictor of unfavorable outcome of the disease.
Molecular basis conditioning efficacy of biological therapy in inflammatory bowel diseases
Authors: Mosina L , Kilovataya O , Matveeva L , Trokhina I , Esina M
Published: September 2024

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) belongs to a group of chronic diseases that includes Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis. The purpose of the work was to analyze scientific data on the history of the creation, use and effectiveness of genetically engineered biological drugs (GEBD) in the treatment of IBD. We examined Russian and foreign sources on the use of GEBD for the treatment of IBD, presented in scientific electronic libraries and in the information system for doctors in 2018-2023. The goal of IBD therapy is to achieve and maintain long-term clinical and endoscopic remission. However, a significant proportion of patients are resistant to basic drugs, and therefore require the use of new pharmacological agents. The use of GEBD can improve the condition of patients who have not sufficiently responded to basic therapy. This review examines the main groups of biological drugs currently available in Russia.
The level of matrix metalloproteinases in the blood in a model of adjuvant-induced arthritis and its correction with antisense oligonucleotides
Authors: Makalish T , Pilyavsky N , Golovkin I , Maslova G
Published: September 2024

Rheumatoid arthritis is characterized by significant rearrangements in bone and cartilage tissues mediated by matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs). One of the directions in the development of new drugs for rheumatoid arthritis is the search for new targets, including MMPs or their inhibitors. The work aimed to determine the levels of MMP-1, 3, and 9 in the peripheral blood of laboratory rats with a model of adjuvant-induced arthritis during the correction of this condition with antisense oligonucleotides that block the synthesis of tumor necrosis factor and interleukin 6. In laboratory Wistar rats, arthritis was modeled by administering Freund's adjuvant and then correcting the disease by introducing antisense oligonucleotides subcutaneously and using electrophoresis. The level of MMP in peripheral blood was determined at the beginning of treatment, after 1, 2, and 3 months. Chronic inflammation in the experiment was accompanied by an increase in the level of MMP-1, 3, and 9 in the peripheral blood by 2, 4.5, and 0.5 times, respectively. Blocking the proinflammatory cytokines TNF-α and IL-6 with antisense oligonucleotides was effective in reducing MMP levels. In most cases, it decreased significantly faster than in the untreated arthritis model. These changes were most pronounced in groups using tocilizumab, as well as in group with an electrophoretic form of administration of a combination of two oligonucleotides.
Illegal authority in the old believer pomorsk community of Chelyabinsk
Authors:   South Ural State University, Chelyabinsk, Russian Federation, Antipin N. A. , Shestakov A. M. ,   Chelyabinsk State Institute of Culture, Chelyabinsk, Russian Federation
Published: September 2024

The anti-religious policy of the Soviet period caused the loss of the historical continuity of the Chelyabinsk Old Believers of the past and present. In this regard, studies of the history of the Old Believer community are of great importance in the process of building historical continuity. The underground existence of the Old Believers left its mark on the source base, as a result of which a representative corpus of sources was not formed at the local level. The historiography of the issue is represented by a small number of publications and indicates the fragmentation of the study of the history of the Chelyabinsk Old Believers. The solution to this problem is possible if new historical sources are introduced into scientific circulation. Based on the manuscripts of the Archaeographic Research Laboratory of the Ural Federal University, the article examines the phenomenon of power among the Chelyabinsk Bespopovtsy of Pomor consent. The author analyzes the powers of participation in the divine service of tutors and Pomor mentors presented in the works of the Chelyabinsk Pomor Old Believers of the second half of the 20th century. Through the analysis of doctrinal and conciliar documents and the writings of the Old Believers, the stages of the evolution of profane power among the Pomorian Old Believers of Chelyabinsk are formulated. As a result of the study, such stages of the transformation of non-consecrated power were formulated as (1) the period of lay mentors, (2) the period of power of the tutors, and (3) the period of women’s mentoring. The current state of the Chelyabinsk Pomor community is characterized by the return of the authoritative institution of lay mentors. Therefore, the study of this issue is not only of scientific relevance but will also be of importance in the context of the modern revival of the church life of the Old Believers of Chelyabinsk.
The Volume of Ceramic Vessels – Criterion for their Purpose (Based on the Materials of the Burial Ground Troitsk-7)
Authors:   South Ural State University, Chelyabinsk, Russian Federation, Vasyuchkov E. O.
Published: September 2024

The article analyzes the ceramic complex of the Troitsk-7 burial ground to identify groups of vessels with different functional purposes. Their volume is taken as the main criterion for dividing vessels into groups. To calculate the volume, the vessel was divided into a number of simpler geometric shapes – truncated cones. For them, the volume was determined. When analyzing the volume, it becomes apparent that there is no clear standardization in size. The consequence is the fuzziness of the groups. A visual analysis of the surfaces was carried out using a binocular microscope to identify traces of use on the vessels. As a result, three groups of vessels were distinguished, different in volume and character of traces. It can be said about the lack of connection between the form and function of vessels in the Petrovka and Alakul cultures. The main criterion for identifying groups with different functionality in the Bronze Age will be their volume. Vessels of Troitsk-7 were used in everyday life, and then were placed in burials. In addition to Fedorovka culture vessels, which were ritual. The possibilities of the method were tested, which allows calculating the volume for fragmented vessels, which allows analyzing vessels from settlements.
Enterprise and City in Late Soviet Society, 1950s-1980s: Modern Historiography
Authors:   South Ural State University, Chelyabinsk, Russian Federation, Nikonova О. Y. ,   Chelyabinsk State University, Chelyabinsk, Russian Federation
Published: September 2024

The article describes the actual historiography of the problem of relations between city and enterprise in late Soviet society. The aim is to analyze the degree of study of the problem which is interdisciplinary in nature. The objectives are to identify the main historiographical fields in which the object of study is reflected, characterize the methodological basis of research, the sources involved, and the conclusions obtained. Russian and foreign historiography formed the focus of attention. The areas included: the history of business, historical urbanism, social history and its subdisciplines – «new working history» and the history of everyday life. The main methods were classification and comparison. Attention was focused not only on empirical research and case studies, but also on the main debatable and theoretical problems of historiography. Analysis of historiography is preceded by the general thesis on the need to consider the relationship between enterprise and city as a system «city – enterprise – person», in which the main actors are the state, organizations, subjects, all of whom are immersed in the institutional environment. The article concludes that late Soviet society is the least studied period when considering the problem of relations between the city and the enterprise. The choice of the designated optics of such a study will allow for a significant contribution to answering the question of the specificity of the phenomenon of what is perceived as «Soviet», as well as the reconstruction of the history of Soviet society simultaneously at several levels: in the sphere of socio-economic relations, urban everyday life and culture, as well as the political and ideological sphere
The Origin of «the Mountain Landscape» in Russian Painting of the 18th to Early 19th Centuries
Authors:   Altai State Institute of Culture, Barnaul, Russian Federation, Zhuk S. А. , Kuznetsova O. N. ,   Altai State Institute of Culture, Barnaul, Russian Federation
Published: September 2024

This article discusses the genesis of the mountain landscape in the history of Russian painting, which is important for the history of fine arts in Russia and which has been rarely studied. The article connects the history of the origin of this landscape genre with the period of the 18th to early 19th centuries. At the turn of the 18th century, the art of landscape painting was born in Russia. It was at this time that the mountain landscape genre attracted the attention of Russian artists who had been trained in Italy. Therefore, the painting of Italian and French masters, working in the style of classicism, significantly influenced the landscape genre in the works of Russian artists, where the mountain landscape occupies a special place. As the history of this topic has not been given enough attention, the main task of this article is to provide a brief overview of the formation of this genre in Russia. The material studied are the works of the artists Semyon Shchedrin, Fyodor Alekseev, Fyodor Matveyev, and Vasily Petrov. The methodological basis of the study, along with general scientific approaches and methods, is represented by hermeneutic logic, which is a universal methodology for the entire spectrum of sciences in the humanities. The publication of this work assumes a series of articles on landscape themes in Russian painting.
Marks of Ownership on Paintings in the Context of their History
Authors:   Altai State University, Barnaul, Russian Federation, Kreydun Y. A. , Reutova E. M. ,   Omsk Regional Museum of Fine Arts named after M. A. Vrubel, Omsk, Russian Federation
Published: September 2024

The article is devoted to marks of ownership on paintings which contain information on the history of the works. The paper provides examples of common and rare marks of ownership. An attempt was made to systematize the marks. A source study was completed on their applications in recon-structing the history of the paintings; the features of the marks of ownership as a historical source were identified. This aspect has not yet been thoroughly studied, which determines the relevance of our research. The study, analysis, and interpretation of information from the identified inscriptions formed the basis of our conclusions on the high scientific value of marks of ownership as a historical source, which provide information on the same level as other written documents. This can serve as the starting point for further study. Reading and studying such inscriptions also provides the basis for broader scientific conclusions. As a result of the study, previously unknown and unpublished marks of ownership were introduced into the literature.
Timbre Features of the «Sonata with Two Notes» for Domra and Piano, by Elena Poplyanova.
Authors:   Chelyabinsk State Institute of Culture, Chelyabinsk, Russian Federation, Lebedeva M. A.
Published: September 2024

This article examines the work of the Chelyabinsk composer Elena Mikhailovna Poplyanova. The main content of the study is the analysis of a new version of «Sonata with two notes» for domra and piano in the performed version of Maria Lebedeva. The article is based on the analysis of this work, determining the timbre features of the ensemble of domra and piano. The composer’s desire to feel the embodiment of musical images in a new way is emphasized, thanks to the use of complex rhythms, jumps, dynamic shades and the use of all registers in the solo parts of the instruments. One of the important elements of the construction of the sonata is the individual properties of the creative thinking of the composer, which reveals the artistic image of lyrical and grotesque characters. The article emphasizes the peculiarity of the rhythmic stability, where specific articulatory expressive means become a support. The main aspects revealed are the characteristic features of the sonata genre, the features of concerto, the content, and the compositional structure. Most important is the performance: what tasks are set for the musicians, the coordination of hand actions and sound extraction on the domra come to the fore. The performance of all musical techniques becomes one of the main ways to convey the figurative content of the «Sonata from Two Notes».
Dialogue of Cultures in the Work of the Chinese Painter Jin Shangyi
Authors:   Institute of National Arts and Cultural Policy China (CAFA), Beijing, China, Liu Tianquan
Published: September 2024

This article examines the work of the Chinese artist Jin Shangyi, one of the pioneers of oil painting in China. The creative experiments of the artist, his knowledge of European traditions in fine arts, and his assimilation of the Russian art school added the name of Jin Shangyi to the gallery of the best artists of modern China. This article considers the main domain of the artist’s work, mentions the most striking works in his artistic legacy, and analyzes the stages of his development. An important aspect in studying the artist’s work is an appeal to his literary notes, to analyze the creative goals that Jin Shangyi set himself. Through studying the technique of oil painting, and actively introducing this technique into the art education of China, Jin Shanyi was able to rationally rethink and highlight the most valuable parts in the Western European realist genre, Russian realism, and Western European modernism. The most important outcome of his work is that he was constantly in dialogue with the national traditions of China. His own artistic explorations led to the emergence of a new style of «neoclassicism», which subsequently gained wide popularity in the pictorial art of China
The Individual and Society under the «New Normal»: a Review of Sociological Studies of Pandemic
Authors:   South Ural State University, Chelyabinsk, Russian Federation, Antonova N. V.
Published: September 2024

This article reveals the social context of the «new normal» during the COVID-19 pandemic. It describes the essence and content of the «new normal». The article notes that the «new normal» is a complex multicomponent construct that requires an interdisciplinary approach. To describe the social framework of the «new normal» during the pandemic the articles on the coronavirus in the sociological journals have been analyzed. The main focus of these surveys is on the social well-being of citizens during the pandemic, the influence of the media on the perception of the pandemic, the impact of the pandemic on everyday social practices. It is stated that the pandemic social reality is affected by the transformation of everyday practices, modes of interpersonal interaction, work organization and the provision of services inclining in digitalization. These changes are mostly negative, as they are accompanied by a deterioration in the economic situation, a decrease in the quality of life, the marginalization of social and individual daily practices, a deformation of the social and psychological well-being. The article also outlines further research prospects.
«Screening» the Memory of Soviet Cosmonautics: the (Re)Production of Space Images in Contemporary Russian Cinema
Authors:   Saint-Petersburg State University, Saint-Petersburg, Russian Federation, Piskunova A. E.
Published: September 2024

This article is devoted to the analysis of the content and pragmatics of the memory of the Soviet space program in contemporary Russian cinema. The relevance of the problem is connected with the fact that in recent years the «cosmos» has again become a stable object of social imagination and an attractive setting for the mass media. Memories of Soviet cosmonautics feature prominently in modern Russian culture. This article, referring to full-length Russian films of the 2010s, considers the cinematographic representations of the Soviet space past as memory practices. Studying them with an emphasis on the semiotic, narrative, and discursive realities of films and images offers interpretations of the past that are relevant in the concrete historical conditions of socio-cultural production. The materials of the study showed that the film history of Soviet cosmonautics has two memory frames. The heroic image of Soviet cosmonautics embodied in a specific formula of historical cinema produces a kind of restoration of the Soviet patriotic canon turning the image into an inspiring symbol of history. The revision of images of the past also leads to the release of symbolic meanings attached to the Soviet space program, which allows film memory to become not a static snapshot of the past, but a dynamic cultural force.
Staff Involvement as a Factor of Improving Work Satisfaction
Authors:   Ural Institute of Management of the Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration, Ekaterinburg, Russian Federation, Chevtayeva N. G. , Okuneva T. V. ,   Ural State University of Railway Transport, Ekaterinburg, Russian Federation
Published: September 2024

The involvement of staff in management is a 21st century management trend. Management consideration of employees as objects of management, suitable only to follow orders, is interpreted by researchers as a manifestation of toxic labor relations. In different countries, the manifestation of participation in management by workers occurs non-linearly and unevenly. Based on the materials of a sociological study, this article analyzes the prospects for involving workers in management in the Ural region. Contradictory trends have been identified: different categories of staff for the most part support the need for initiatives and innovations; however, there is a lack of confidence among employees that they can influence the ongoing changes, let alone initiate them. Not only the workers, but also the lower and middle levels of management assess the possibility of their participation in this process as low. The result is a decreasein the responsibility of staff for the results of the organization’s activities, ineffective use of involvement technologies, and a decrease in trust in the administration. The study makes it possible to determine the prospects for the use of staff involvement technologies: in decision-making through the design and rationalization of activities at the enterprise. Those employees who have the opportunity to participate in management decision-making activities are more satisfied with their work. The involvement of staff allows for the transformation of labor values from paternalistic and confrontational to a partnership.
Speech Representation of the Characters in Chekhov’s Play «Three Sisters»
Authors:   South Ural State University, Chelyabinsk, Russian Federation, Kornilova L. N.
Published: September 2024

The article is devoted to the analysis of the speech features of the characters in A. P. Chekhov’s dramatic work «Three Sisters». The problem of the role of a speech portrait in creating an artistic image is one of the topical areas of philological research. The review of scientific literature allows us to accept as a basic thesis that the author, through immersion in everyday life, reveals the complexity and tragedy of human life. The aim of the study is to prove this thesis based on the analysis of the speech of the characters (three sisters), which is one of the components of their character. The article presents a description of the semantic and stylistic specifics of the vocabulary of each of the sisters. It is speech that acts as a representative of the personal characteristics of the heroines. In A. P. Chekhov’s play, we see three individualities, and they are perceived as a single image. This fact can be regarded as an original artistic device of the playwright. The use of a complex of descriptive and analytical methods in the study of the speech originality of the Prozorov sisters made it possible to conclude that the diverse heroines are close. This proximity is realized through a set of lexical means, discussed issues, through the designation of life position. The closeness of three different personalities is explained not only by the fact that they are representatives of the same family, but also by the fact that the combined image helps the playwright to express his position and make the reader and viewer think about the eternal questions of life.
Analysis of the Representation of Current Political Issues in Digital Posters and Online Memes: Assessing Media Effects Using Itracking Techniques
Authors:   South Ural State University, Chelyabinsk, Russian Federation, Lobodenko L. K. , Cherednyakova A. B. ,   South Ural State University, Chelyabinsk, Russian Federation, Shesterkina L. P. ,   South Ural State University, Chelyabinsk, Russian Federation, Kharitonova O. Y. ,   South Ural State University, Chelyabinsk, Russian Federation
Published: September 2024

This article analyzes contemporary digital political posters and Internet memes as phenomena demonstrating increasing functionality in the conditions of information warfare. They represent the current topics and narratives of the news agenda in social media and have a high level of emotional expressiveness. In the study of social media content (VKontakte, Telegram) more than 100 digital political posters and internet memes devoted to contemporary political processes were analysed. Based on this, a sample of 28 media texts was formed which took into account their communication effect (frequency of representation on digital platforms). The topics were systematized into 10 blocks. Visual neuromarketing (i.e., i-tracking) and an online survey were used in the media effect study. The respondents were young people between the ages of 18 and 22. The study was conducted by applying the main tenets of the cognitive approach to the study of media effects through two interrelated models: agenda-setting and framing, used to analyse the content and presentation of information. The main results of the study reveal the key attention patterns and areas of interest of the respondents («image», «text»), as well as the attitudes towards the proposed stimuli.
Book Review: der Römische Blick: Eugenio Pacelli und Seine Nuntiaturberichte aus der Zeit der Weimarer Republik [View from Rome: Eugenio Pacelli’s Nuncial Reports from t
Authors:   Saint-Petersburg State University, Saint-Petersburg, Russian Federation, Mordzilovich A. A.
Published: September 2024

The reviewed collective monograph, published in 2021, is devoted to various aspects of the work of the Apostolic Nuncio in Germany, Eugenio Pacelli, the future Pope Pius XII (1939–1958). The main source for these papers were the reports he sent from Munich and Berlin to Rome almost every day and which have recently become available to researchers. The authors and editors of the monograph are the participants of the project «The Critical Online Edition of Eugenio Pacelli’s Nuncial Reports (1917–1929)». The head of the project is Dr. Hubert Wolf, professor at the University of Münster and one of the leading church historians in Germany. The range of topics presented in this volume is wide and impressive: from the complex process of creating Nuncio’s reports to Pacelli’s participation in public events and in advising the Roman Curia on a variety of issues. The articles presented in this book demonstrate the enormous research potential of the nuncial reports as a source on the history of the Vatican and the Weimar Republic. Undoubtedly, the authors have made a significant contribution to the study of the biography of the most controversial Pope of the 20th century, which is why the relevance and importance of this book cannot be overestimated
Review of the Collective Monograph «Youth Reading in the Age of Digital Technology: Reflection of Universal Meanings in the Context of Regional Studies» (Chelyabinsk, 2022)
Authors:   Moscow City University, Moscow, Russian Federation, Romanicheva E. S.
Published: September 2024

The article provides a comprehensive and systematic analysis of a collective monograph devoted to various angles of the study of youth reading– both in the universal dimension and based on the materials of regional sociological research (Chelyabinsk, 2022). The author analyzes in detail the structure of the work (chapters and paragraphs of the monograph), identifies relevant issues related to the analysis of the student reading audience, the implementation of their requests and reading interests in the traditional book culture and digital reality. The author points out the originality of approaches and the novelty of the material obtained, the theoretical and practical value of the results and conclusions of the study. The author focuses on identifying key strategies used to promote reading practices and popularize books in online reading communities. The author concludes that the monograph is in demand for educational institutions, libraries, and various institutions that regulate the development of reading practices in modern Russia and the world community.
Psychiatric Implications of Endogenous Morphine: Up-To-Date Review
Authors: Kream R. M. , Stefano George B. , Ptáček R.
Published: September 2024

For over 30 years empirical studies have repeatedly demonstrated that the biosynthesis of morphine by diverse animal and human tissues occurs. Recently, the blue mussel’s neural tissues and human white blood cells were used to demonstrate the de novo biosynthesis of morphine for small precursor molecules derived from the aromatic amino acid L-tyrosine. Because catecholamine precursors, i.e., L-3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine (L-DOPA), were also found to be utilized as morphine precursors, a novel reciprocally interactive mechanism is apparent that links catecholamine and opioid pathways in the activation and inhibition of diverse tissue responses. Additionally, these observations provide new insights into morphinergic signalling that transcend analgesia and addiction. We have also linked the biological effects of nitric oxide into a common effect in endogenous morphine signalling. Given the singular importance of dopamine and morphine’s interaction in the CNS, the presence and association of this signalling with nitric oxide all promises to provide novel answers for mental health phenomena, which have been lacking because of the inability in accepting the empirical endogenous morphine studies.
Apolipoprotein E ε4-Positive Multiple Sclerosis Patients Develop More Gray-Matter and Whole-Brain Atrophy: a 15-Year Disease History Model Based on a 4-Year Longitudinal Study
Authors: Horáková Dana , Kýr M. , Havrdová E. , Doležal O. , Lelková P. , Pospíšilová L. , Bergsland N. , Dwyer M. G. , Cox J. L. , Hussein S. , Seidl Z. , Vaněčková M. , Krásenský J. , Zivadinov R.
Published: September 2024

Multiple sclerosis is a disease with considerable individual variation, and genetic background plays a key role in disease susceptibility and severity. The objective of the study was to evaluate the relationship between apolipoprotein E (APOE) genotype and the evolution of different clinical and MRI parameters. We investigated a group of 150 relapsingremitting patients that completed 4-year follow-up. The mean age was 30.2 years, disease duration 56.8 months, and baseline Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) 1.8. The changes in brain parenchymal volume (BPV), gray matter (GMV), white matter (WMV) and peripheral gray volume (PGMV) were measured by SIENA/X. T2-lesion volume was assessed by semi-automated methods. The mixed-effect model analysis was used to investigate evolution of clinical and MRI parameters in relation to the APOE ε4 genotype considering two different time models: 4-year follow-up and 15-year period from disease onset. We identified 36 APOE ε4-positive patients. Decline of GMV (P = 0.017), and BPV (P = 0.029) were significantly faster in APOE ε4-positive than in APOE ε4-negative patients in the 15-year model. In the 4-year model, a trend for faster decrease of GMV was found in APOE ε4-positive patients (P = 0.067). No differences in other MRI parameters or EDSS were found between the APOE groups. The results of the study suggest that APOE ε4-positive patients experience faster rate of gray matter atrophy.
Isolation of Granulocytes: Which Transcriptome Do We Analyse – Neutrophils or Eosinophils?
Authors: Stejskal S. , Koutná Irena , Ručka Z.
Published: September 2024

Isolation of granulocytes from blood is necessary for accurate study of changes in their expression. After gradient centrifugation, we obtain relatively pure granulocyte populations with different ratios of neutrophils and eosinophils. Unfortunately, in many studies in this field the expression results are not set according to the real variability of the granulocyte population. In many cases, the granulocyte population is marked simply as “neutrophils” and the residual population of eosinophils is not considered. Based on our recent study where we tracked the general transcription factor RNA polymerase II, we hypothesized that eosinophils are more transcriptionally active cells than neutrophils. We decided to test our hypothesis on isolated cells because its implications could change our view on many past expression analyses performed on granulocytes. In our experiments, we isolated neutrophils and eosinophils and measured their total RNA production. According to our results, eosinophils produce much more RNA than neutrophils. Therefore, relatively low numbers of highly active eosinophils can markedly affect the whole pool of granulocytic RNA. We want to emphasize that either a detailed description of the cell population or the use of a pure neutrophil population is necessary for the correct interpretation of neutrophil expression analysis results.
Donepezil Inhibits Diisopropylfluorophosphate-Induced Seizures and Up-regulation of Synaptotagmin 4 mRNA
Authors: Saghafi M. M. , Pregelj P. , Živin Marko
Published: September 2024

Reversible acetylcholinesterase inhibitor donepezil displays prophylactic effects against intoxication with irreversible organophosphorous acetylcholinesterase inhibitors. We used behavioural observation of yawning and epileptic seizures, histochemical acetylcholinesterase staining, and in situ hybridization of the immediate early genes, c-fos and synaptotagmin 4 (Syt4) mRNAs in the brain, to evaluate whether donepezil could protect the brain against the effects of the organophosphate anticholinesterase, diisopropylfluorophosphate, in a rat model of intoxication. Diisopropylfluorophosphatetreated animals exhibited frequent yawning, significant inhibition of acetylcholinesterase staining and upregulation of c-fos mRNA, but not the epileptic seizures or significant change of Syt4 mRNA levels. In order to reduce the threshold for the induction of cholinergic seizures, additional groups of rats were pre-treated with LiCl 24 h before the treatment with diisopropylfluorophosphate. These rats exhibited the seizures, a significant inhibition of acetylcholinesterase staining and significant upregulation of c-fos and Syt4 mRNA levels. All the above-mentioned effects of diisopropylfluorophosphate were inhibited by donepezil pre-treatment. Donepezil pre-treatment by itself induced only a comparatively weaker inhibition of acetylcholinesterase staining and infrequent yawning. We conclude that donepezil protects the brain against diisopropylfluorophosphate-induced effects and that Syt4 mRNA upregulation may serve as a novel marker for organophosphate-induced seizures.
Dynamic Oxidoreductive Potential of Astringent Retraction Agents
Authors: Nowakowska Danuta , Saczko J. , Kulbacka J. , Choromanska A.
Published: September 2024

The aim of this study was to evaluate the dynamics of the cytotoxicity of gingival margin retraction astringents based on aluminium chloride, aluminium sulphate, and ferric sulphate (solutions and gels) in human fibroblasts isolated from gingiva. The cytocompatibility of ten astringent-based chemical retraction agents: Gingiva Liquid, Alustin, Racestypine, Orbat sensitive, Astringedent®, Alustat, Hemostat, Racécord, Gel cord and ViscoStat®, in dilutions of 1 : 10 and 1 : 20, with human gingival fibroblasts was investigated. The MTT assay was performed to determine oxidoreductive mitochondrial function after 3, 5, 10 min and 24 h of incubation. Cell viability was determined according to the chemical group, concentration, exposure time, and the clinical form of the gingival retraction agents. Ferric sulphate-based agents were the most cytotoxic, followed by aluminium chloride and aluminium sulphate. The form of the astrigents influenced cell viability. The evaluated astringents may have cytotoxic potential for gingival margin tissues under clinical conditions.
Variability within the msp2 Gene in Populations of Anaplasma phagocythopilum
Authors: Rymaszewska Anna
Published: September 2024

Anaplasma phagocytophilum is an obligate intracellular bacterial parasite of verterbrate granulocytes. This bacterium is the aetiologic agent of human granulocytic anaplasmosis. The msp2 gene encoding major surface protein 2 is unique for Anaplasma and displays high antigenic variation. A fragment of the msp2 gene (334 bp) of A. phagocytophilum, amplified with DNA isolated from Ixodes ricinus, Syringophilidae, Capreolus capreolus and Canis lupus familiaris, was used to determine polymorphisms of Anaplasma within Polish populations. Sequence analysis of this fragment was used for observation of five different genetic variants of the bacterium within Polish sequences. The average genetic distance in Polish sequences was 0.7 % and the majority of observed substitutions had a synonymous character. High intraspecific variability observed in the msp2 gene of A. phagocytophilum is a strong proof of the high evolutionary plasticity, adaptation abilities, and abilities for fast distribution of this parasite in various environments.
Plant probiotic microbes – trending microbes for plant growth and value addition of compost- a review
Authors: Aakash Ravi  , Jeberlin Prabina B  , Gomathy M  , Ramesh P. T  , Hemalatha M
Published: September 2024

New agricultural approaches, including natural and organic farming, have developed organic and microbiological goods. Beneficial microbes known as plant probiotic microorganisms (PPM) are primarily found in soil and have coevolved with plants in a symbiotic or free-living relationship. By encouraging plant growth and health, these bacteria lessen the need for artificial fertilizers, support environmentally friendly agricultural practices, and improve plant health. Agroecosystem vigour, biodiversity, biological cycles, and soil biological activity are all enhanced by using plant probiotic bacteria in biologically based agriculture. By using beneficial bacteria to support the health and function of the host organism, plant probiotics aim to lessen the demand for toxic pesticides and fertilizers. Using these probiotic microorganisms will have a synergistic and advantageous effect on crop production. Plant probiotic microorganisms improve the overall quality of compost throughout the composting process by accelerating the breakdown of organic materials and introducing helpful bacteria. This rich compost adds beneficial bacteria to the soil, creating a healthy and productive environment. This review looks at the common plant probiotic bacteria, how they work, how they complement each other to improve compost quality and plant growth, how they might be used in agriculture, and how they could change how composting is done.
Influence of municipal waste treated sludge on the quality attributes of African marigold (Tagetes erecta)
Authors: Keren Praiselin Packiaraj  , Swarnapriya  R  , Keisar Lourdusamy  D  , Senthil  A  , Maragatham S  , Meenakshi P
Published: September 2024

Using treated sludge to amend soil in agriculture presents opportunities and challenges, particularly concerning the augmentation of heavy metals in cultivated plants. This research looks into how applying treated sludge affects the buildup of heavy metals in African marigold (Tagetes erecta), a popular ornamental plant that could potentially help with phytoremediation. Several treatment combinations were imposed, out of which treated sludge at 2.5 t/ha showed promising results. The effect of incorporating treated sludge was found to be better in terms of using conventional manures like Farm Yard Manure and Vermicompost in quantitative terms. The sludge processed at the treatment plant underwent strict treatment procedures, resulting in odourless material that can be used as an organic amendment with nutrients. Heavy metal concentrations in plant tissues were analyzed using Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry (ICPMS) to assess the uptake and accumulation of heavy metals by African marigolds. Results indicated that treated sludge application did not significantly influence the accumulation and bioavailability of heavy metals in African marigolds. The treated sludge helped plants grow better and absorb nutrients; it did not cause higher levels of harmful heavy metals like cadmium and lead in the plants. The levels of heavy metals found were lower than what is considered unsafe for plants. In addition, treated sludge can serve as a soil conditioner to enhance the physicochemical properties of the soil.