bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Hsp90 induces Acsl4-dependent glioma ferroptosis via dephosphorylating Ser637 at Drp1
Authors: Miao Zong , Tian Wei , Ye Yangfan , Gu Wei , Bao Zhongyuan , Xu Lei , Sun Guangchi , Li Chong , Tu Yiming , Chao Honglu , Lam Sin Man , Liu Ning , Ji Jing
Published: June 2022

Ferroptosis is a newly identified form of regulated cell death (RCD) characterized by the iron-dependent lipid reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation, but its mechanism in gliomas remains elusive. Acyl–coenzyme A (CoA) synthetase long-chain family member 4 (Acsl4), a pivotal enzyme in the regulation of lipid biosynthesis, benefits the initiation of ferroptosis, but its role in gliomas needs further clarification. Erastin, a classic inducer of ferroptosis, has recently been found to regulate lipid peroxidation by regulating Acsl4 other than glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4) in ferroptosis. In this study, we demonstrated that heat shock protein 90 (Hsp90) and dynamin-related protein 1 (Drp1) actively regulated and stabilized Acsl4 expression in erastin-induced ferroptosis in gliomas. Hsp90 overexpression and calcineurin (CN)–mediated Drp1 dephosphorylation at serine 637 (Ser637) promoted ferroptosis by altering mitochondrial morphology and increasing Acsl4-mediated lipid peroxidation. Importantly, promotion of the Hsp90–Acsl4 pathway augmented anticancer activity of erastin in vitro and in vivo. Our discovery reveals a novel and efficient approach to ferroptosis-mediated glioma therapy.
Clinical and morphological characteristics of patients with idiopathic epiretinal membrane with foveal herniation
Authors: Uzel Mehmet Murat , Gelisken Faik , Konrad Eva , Neubauer Jonas
Published: June 2022

Purpose

To analyse the clinical and morphological characteristics of eyes with idiopathic epiretinal membrane (iERM) and foveal herniation (FH).

Methods

Clinical findings and OCT features of patients with iERM and FH were retrospectively analysed. Primary outcome were changes of the best-corrected-visual-acuity (BCVA) and OCT features from baseline to the last visit. FH patients were divided into two groups based on herniated layers: ganglion cell complex (GCC)-group and sub-GCC-group. Surgical outcome was also assessed.

Results

In this study, 3882 patients with iERM were screened, of whom 51 (1.3%) were identified with FH. The GCC-group (n = 16) had a better baseline BCVA and thinner central foveal thickness (CFT) in comparison to the sub-GCC-group (n = 35) but without statistical significance (p = 0.330, p = 0.417, respectively). The postoperative BCVA-improvement was similar between the two groups (p = 0.280). Fibrillary surface changes were detected in 42/51 (82.3%) patients, significantly more often in the sub-GCC group (p = 0.020). The baseline BCVA was a predictive factor for the postoperative vision change.

Conclusion

FH presents with a unique macular morphology in eyes with iERM. Affected eyes experience varying visual disturbances based on the involvement of the inner retinal layers in the foveal herniation. Macular surgery is successful in restoring vision, even though foveal morphology does not fully recover.
A long-acting interleukin-7, rhIL-7-hyFc, enhances CAR T cell expansion, persistence, and anti-tumor activity
Authors: Kim Miriam Y. , Jayasinghe Reyka , Devenport Jessica M. , Ritchey Julie K. , Rettig Michael P. , O’Neal Julie , Staser Karl W. , Kennerly Krista M. , Carter Alun J. , Gao Feng , Lee Byung Ha , Cooper Matthew L. , DiPersio John F.
Published: June 2022

Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cell therapy is routinely used to treat patients with refractory hematologic malignancies. However, a significant proportion of patients experience suboptimal CAR T cell cytotoxicity and persistence that can permit tumor cell escape and disease relapse. Here we show that a prototype pro-lymphoid growth factor is able to enhance CAR T cell efficacy. We demonstrate that a long-acting form of recombinant human interleukin-7 (IL-7) fused with hybrid Fc (rhIL-7-hyFc) promotes proliferation, persistence and cytotoxicity of human CAR T cells in xenogeneic mouse models, and murine CAR T cells in syngeneic mouse models, resulting in long-term tumor-free survival. Thus, rhIL-7-hyFc represents a tunable clinic-ready adjuvant for improving suboptimal CAR T cell activity.
Neurotoxic amyloidogenic peptides in the proteome of SARS-COV2: potential implications for neurological symptoms in COVID-19
Authors: Charnley Mirren , Islam Saba , Bindra Guneet K. , Engwirda Jeremy , Ratcliffe Julian , Zhou Jiangtao , Mezzenga Raffaele , Hulett Mark D. , Han Kyunghoon , Berryman Joshua T. , Reynolds Nicholas P.
Published: June 2022

COVID-19 is primarily known as a respiratory disease caused by SARS-CoV-2. However, neurological symptoms such as memory loss, sensory confusion, severe headaches, and even stroke are reported in up to 30% of cases and can persist even after the infection is over (long COVID). These neurological symptoms are thought to be produced by the virus infecting the central nervous system, however we don’t understand the molecular mechanisms triggering them. The neurological effects of COVID-19 share similarities to neurodegenerative diseases in which the presence of cytotoxic aggregated amyloid protein or peptides is a common feature. Following the hypothesis that some neurological symptoms of COVID-19 may also follow an amyloid etiology we identified two peptides from the SARS-CoV-2 proteome that self-assemble into amyloid assemblies. Furthermore, these amyloids were shown to be highly toxic to neuronal cells. We suggest that cytotoxic aggregates of SARS-CoV-2 proteins may trigger neurological symptoms in COVID-19.
Linking individual differences in human primary visual cortex to contrast sensitivity around the visual field
Authors: Himmelberg Marc M. , Winawer Jonathan , Carrasco Marisa
Published: June 2022

A central question in neuroscience is how the organization of cortical maps relates to perception, for which human primary visual cortex (V1) is an ideal model system. V1 nonuniformly samples the retinal image, with greater cortical magnification (surface area per degree of visual field) at the fovea than periphery and at the horizontal than vertical meridian. Moreover, the size and cortical magnification of V1 varies greatly across individuals. Here, we used fMRI and psychophysics in the same observers to quantify individual differences in V1 cortical magnification and contrast sensitivity at the four polar angle meridians. Across observers, the overall size of V1 and localized cortical magnification positively correlated with contrast sensitivity. Moreover, greater cortical magnification and higher contrast sensitivity at the horizontal than the vertical meridian were strongly correlated. These data reveal a link between cortical anatomy and visual perception at the level of individual observer and stimulus location.
Ribosome profiling reveals multiple roles of SecA in cotranslational protein export
Authors: Zhu Zikun , Wang Shuai , Shan Shu-ou
Published: June 2022

SecA, an ATPase known to posttranslationally translocate secretory proteins across the bacterial plasma membrane, also binds ribosomes, but the role of SecA’s ribosome interaction has been unclear. Here, we used a combination of ribosome profiling methods to investigate the cotranslational actions of SecA. Our data reveal the widespread accumulation of large periplasmic loops of inner membrane proteins in the cytoplasm during their cotranslational translocation, which are specifically recognized and resolved by SecA in coordination with the proton motive force (PMF). Furthermore, SecA associates with 25% of secretory proteins with highly hydrophobic signal sequences at an early stage of translation and mediates their cotranslational transport. In contrast, the chaperone trigger factor (TF) delays SecA engagement on secretory proteins with weakly hydrophobic signal sequences, thus enforcing a posttranslational mode of their translocation. Our results elucidate the principles of SecA-driven cotranslational protein translocation and reveal a hierarchical network of protein export pathways in bacteria.
Variants in ASPH cause exertional heat illness and are associated with malignant hyperthermia susceptibility
Authors: Endo Yukari , Groom Linda , Celik Alper , Kraeva Natalia , Lee Chang Seok , Jung Sung Yun , Gardner Lois , Shaw Marie-Anne , Hamilton Susan L. , Hopkins Philip M. , Dirksen Robert T. , Riazi Sheila , Dowling James J.
Published: June 2022

Exertional heat illness (EHI) and malignant hyperthermia (MH) are life threatening conditions associated with muscle breakdown in the setting of triggering factors including volatile anesthetics, exercise, and high environmental temperature. To identify new genetic variants that predispose to EHI and/or MH, we performed genomic sequencing on a cohort with EHI/MH and/or abnormal caffeine-halothane contracture test. In five individuals, we identified rare, pathogenic heterozygous variants in ASPH, a gene encoding junctin, a regulator of excitation-contraction coupling. We validated the pathogenicity of these variants using orthogonal pre-clinical models, CRISPR-edited C2C12 myotubes and transgenic zebrafish. In total, we demonstrate that ASPH variants represent a new cause of EHI and MH susceptibility.
Solving groundwater depletion in India while achieving food security
Authors: Devineni Naresh , Perveen Shama , Lall Upmanu
Published: June 2022

Significant groundwater depletion in regions where grains are procured for public distribution is a primary sustainability challenge in India. We identify specific changes in the Indian Government’s Procurement & Distribution System as a primary solution lever. Irrigation, using groundwater, facilitated by subsidized electricity, is seen as vital for meeting India’s food security goals. Using over a century of daily climate data and recent spatially detailed economic, crop yield, and related parameters, we use an optimization model to show that by shifting the geographies where crops are procured from and grown, the government’s procurement targets could be met on average even without irrigation, while increasing net farm income and arresting groundwater depletion. Allowing irrigation increases the average net farm income by 30%. The associated reduction in electricity subsidies in areas with significant groundwater depletion can help offset the needed spatial re-distribution of farm income, a key political obstacle to changes in the procurement system.
Creating boundaries along a synthetic frequency dimension
Authors: Dutt Avik , Yuan Luqi , Yang Ki Youl , Wang Kai , Buddhiraju Siddharth , Vučković Jelena , Fan Shanhui
Published: June 2022

Synthetic dimensions have garnered widespread interest for implementing high dimensional classical and quantum dynamics on low-dimensional geometries. Synthetic frequency dimensions, in particular, have been used to experimentally realize a plethora of bulk physics effects. However, in synthetic frequency dimension there has not been a demonstration of a boundary which is of paramount importance in topological physics due to the bulk-edge correspondence. Here we construct boundaries in the frequency dimension of dynamically modulated ring resonators by strongly coupling an auxiliary ring. We explore various effects associated with such boundaries, including confinement of the spectrum of light, discretization of the band structure, and the interaction of boundaries with one-way chiral modes in a quantum Hall ladder, which exhibits topologically robust spectral transport. Our demonstration of sharp boundaries fundamentally expands the capability of exploring topological physics, and has applications in classical and quantum information processing in synthetic frequency dimensions.
Enhanced cortical neural stem cell identity through short SMAD and WNT inhibition in human cerebral organoids facilitates emergence of outer radial glial cells
Authors: Rosebrock Daniel , Arora Sneha , Mutukula Naresh , Volkman Rotem , Gralinska Elzbieta , Balaskas Anastasios , Aragonés Hernández Amèlia , Buschow René , Brändl Björn , Müller Franz-Josef , Arndt Peter F. , Vingron Martin , Elkabetz Yechiel
Published: June 2022

Cerebral organoids exhibit broad regional heterogeneity accompanied by limited cortical cellular diversity despite the tremendous upsurge in derivation methods, suggesting inadequate patterning of early neural stem cells (NSCs). Here we show that a short and early Dual SMAD and WNT inhibition course is necessary and sufficient to establish robust and lasting cortical organoid NSC identity, efficiently suppressing non-cortical NSC fates, while other widely used methods are inconsistent in their cortical NSC-specification capacity. Accordingly, this method selectively enriches for outer radial glia NSCs, which cyto-architecturally demarcate well-defined outer sub-ventricular-like regions propagating from superiorly radially organized, apical cortical rosette NSCs. Finally, this method culminates in the emergence of molecularly distinct deep and upper cortical layer neurons, and reliably uncovers cortex-specific microcephaly defects. Thus, a short SMAD and WNT inhibition is critical for establishing a rich cortical cell repertoire that enables mirroring of fundamental molecular and cyto-architectural features of cortical development and meaningful disease modelling.
Estimation of tumor cell total mRNA expression in 15 cancer types predicts disease progression
Authors: Cao Shaolong , Wang Jennifer R. , Ji Shuangxi , Yang Peng , Dai Yaoyi , Guo Shuai , Montierth Matthew D. , Shen John Paul , Zhao Xiao , Chen Jingxiao , Lee Jaewon James , Guerrero Paola A. , Spetsieris Nicholas , Engedal Nikolai , Taavitsainen Sinja , Yu Kaixian , Livingstone Julie , Bhandari Vinayak , Hubert Shawna M. , Daw Najat C. , Futreal P. Andrew , Efstathiou Eleni , Lim Bora , Viale Andrea , Zhang Jianjun , Nykter Matti , Czerniak Bogdan A. , Brown Powel H. , Swanton Charles , Msaouel Pavlos , Maitra Anirban , Kopetz Scott , Campbell Peter , Speed Terence P. , Boutros Paul C. , Zhu Hongtu , Urbanucci Alfonso , Demeulemeester Jonas , Van Loo Peter , Wang Wenyi
Published: June 2022

Single-cell RNA sequencing studies have suggested that total mRNA content correlates with tumor phenotypes. Technical and analytical challenges, however, have so far impeded at-scale pan-cancer examination of total mRNA content. Here we present a method to quantify tumor-specific total mRNA expression (TmS) from bulk sequencing data, taking into account tumor transcript proportion, purity and ploidy, which are estimated through transcriptomic/genomic deconvolution. We estimate and validate TmS in 6,590 patient tumors across 15 cancer types, identifying significant inter-tumor variability. Across cancers, high TmS is associated with increased risk of disease progression and death. TmS is influenced by cancer-specific patterns of gene alteration and intra-tumor genetic heterogeneity as well as by pan-cancer trends in metabolic dysregulation. Taken together, our results indicate that measuring cell-type-specific total mRNA expression in tumor cells predicts tumor phenotypes and clinical outcomes.
Brain lesions disrupting addiction map to a common human brain circuit
Authors: Joutsa Juho , Moussawi Khaled , Siddiqi Shan H. , Abdolahi Amir , Drew William , Cohen Alexander L. , Ross Thomas J. , Deshpande Harshawardhan U. , Wang Henry Z. , Bruss Joel , Stein Elliot A. , Volkow Nora D. , Grafman Jordan H. , van Wijngaarden Edwin , Boes Aaron D. , Fox Michael D.
Published: June 2022

Drug addiction is a public health crisis for which new treatments are urgently needed. In rare cases, regional brain damage can lead to addiction remission. These cases may be used to identify therapeutic targets for neuromodulation. We analyzed two cohorts of patients addicted to smoking at the time of focal brain damage (cohort 1 n = 67; cohort 2 n = 62). Lesion locations were mapped to a brain atlas and the brain network functionally connected to each lesion location was computed using human connectome data (n = 1,000). Associations with addiction remission were identified. Generalizability was assessed using an independent cohort of patients with focal brain damage and alcohol addiction risk scores (n = 186). Specificity was assessed through comparison to 37 other neuropsychological variables. Lesions disrupting smoking addiction occurred in many different brain locations but were characterized by a specific pattern of brain connectivity. This pattern involved positive connectivity to the dorsal cingulate, lateral prefrontal cortex, and insula and negative connectivity to the medial prefrontal and temporal cortex. This circuit was reproducible across independent lesion cohorts, associated with reduced alcohol addiction risk, and specific to addiction metrics. Hubs that best matched the connectivity profile for addiction remission were the paracingulate gyrus, left frontal operculum, and medial fronto-polar cortex. We conclude that brain lesions disrupting addiction map to a specific human brain circuit and that hubs in this circuit provide testable targets for therapeutic neuromodulation.
A novel method for assessing and measuring homophily in networks through second-order statistics
Authors: Apollonio Nicola , Franciosa Paolo G. , Santoni Daniele
Published: June 2022

We present a new method for assessing and measuring homophily in networks whose nodes have categorical attributes, namely when the nodes of networks come partitioned into classes (colors). We probe this method in two different classes of networks: (i) protein–protein interaction (PPI) networks, where nodes correspond to proteins, partitioned according to their functional role, and edges represent functional interactions between proteins (ii) Pokec on-line social network, where nodes correspond to users, partitioned according to their age, and edges respresent friendship between users.Similarly to other classical and well consolidated approaches, our method compares the relative edge density of the subgraphs induced by each class with the corresponding expected relative edge density under a null model. The novelty of our approach consists in prescribing an endogenous null model, namely, the sample space of the null model is built on the input network itself. This allows us to give exact explicit expression for the $${\mathbf {z}}$$
z
-score of the relative edge density of each class as well as other related statistics. The $${\mathbf {z}}$$
z
-scores directly quantify the statistical significance of the observed homophily via Čebyšëv inequality. The expression of each $${\mathbf {z}}$$
z
-score is entered by the network structure through basic combinatorial invariant such as the number of subgraphs with two spanning edges. Each $${\mathbf {z}}$$
z
-score is computed in $$O(n+m)$$

O
(
n
+
m
)

time for a network with n nodes and m edges. This leads to an overall efficient computational method for assesing homophily. We complement the analysis of homophily/heterophily by considering $${\mathbf {z}}$$
z
-scores of the number of isolated nodes in the subgraphs induced by each class, that are computed in O(nm) time. Theoretical results are then exploited to show that, as expected, both the analyzed network classes are significantly homophilic with respect to the considered node properties.
Impact of urbanisation and environmental factors on spatial distribution of COVID-19 cases during the early phase of epidemic in Singapore
Authors: Gurram Murali Krishna , Wang Min Xian , Wang Yi-Chen , Pang Junxiong
Published: June 2022

Geographical weighted regression (GWR) can be used to explore the COVID-19 transmission pattern between cases. This study aimed to explore the influence from environmental and urbanisation factors, and the spatial relationship between epidemiologically-linked, unlinked and imported cases during the early phase of the epidemic in Singapore. Spatial relationships were evaluated with GWR modelling. Community COVID-19 cases with residential location reported from 21st January 2020 till 17th March 2020 were considered for analyses. Temperature, relative humidity, population density and urbanisation are the variables used as exploratory variables for analysis. ArcGIS was used to process the data and perform geospatial analyses. During the early phase of COVID-19 epidemic in Singapore, significant but weak correlation of temperature with COVID-19 incidence (significance 0.5–1.5) was observed in several sub-zones of Singapore. Correlations between humidity and incidence could not be established. Across sub-zones, high residential population density and high levels of urbanisation were associated with COVID-19 incidence. The incidence of COVID-19 case types (linked, unlinked and imported) within sub-zones varied differently, especially those in the western and north-eastern regions of Singapore. Areas with both high residential population density and high levels of urbanisation are potential risk factors for COVID-19 transmission. These findings provide further insights for directing appropriate resources to enhance infection prevention and control strategies to contain COVID-19 transmission.
Preliminary report on the landslide early warning on August 20, 2021, in Nangqian County, Qinghai Province, China
Authors: Wang Xiangpeng , Wang Kunpeng , Lin Fanqiang , Guo Kai
Published: June 2022

Based on an analysis of the formation mechanism, stability state and development trend, this paper focuses on monitoring key indicators, such as surface deformation and rainfall, to realize the early warning of landslides and provide some guidance for landslide disaster prevention and avoidance in the alpine mountainous area of Nangqian, Qinghai Province. The landslide of the Baima Elin Monastery has the topographic and geomorphological conditions of landslide formation and has the basic characteristics indicating that it can be influenced by rainfall and climate, so a landslide warning should be comprehensive. At the same time, the landslide is currently in an unstable state, and the seasonal freeze–thaw cycle will cause it to become more unstable. Based on macroscopic signs, it is predicted that the deformation of the Baima Elin Monastery landslide will continue to intensify without abatement, the stability will be further reduced after winter, developing in an unfavorable direction, and engineering measures should be taken as soon as possible to manage the landslide.
Enhanced magneto-optical rotation of probe field in thermal medium via spontaneous generated coherence
Authors: Sultan Saddaf , Ali Hazrat , Din Rafi Ud , Khan M. Imtiaz , Amin Bin , Shafiq Muhammad , Sarker Mahidur R. , Ali Sawal Hamid Md
Published: June 2022

A four-level double lambda closed atomic configuration is considered to study the polarization plane rotation of the probe beam through cold as well as thermal Rb$$^{87}$$

87

atomic medium by varying the spontaneously generated coherence (SGC). Magnetic field and strong coupling field are applied to the atomic configuration. The light-matter interaction leads to enhanced the magneto-optical rotation. The intensity of the applied fields plays promising role in the generation and enhancement of birefringence. It ultimately enhances the polarization plane rotation of the probe beam in the Doppler medium. In the presence of both SGC and Doppler broadening effects, the optical rotation and transmission of the weak light beam are modified and controlled as well, which have potential applications in magnetometery and laser frequency stabilization.
Surface properties of alkylsilane treated date palm fiber
Authors: Perera Helanka J. , Goyal Anjali , Alhassan Saeed M.
Published: June 2022

The present work focuses on investigating the effect of non-fluoro short-chain alkylsilane treatment on the surface characteristic of date palm (Phoenix dactylifera) fiber. Raw date palm fiber (DPF) was treated with octylsilane and the surface properties of treated fiber was investigated using thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), contact angle analysis and X-ray diffraction (XRD) on configuring the thermal stability, chemical structures and surface properties (morphology, hydrophobicity and crystallinity). The decomposition temperature of 75% mass loss raw and treated DPF, the onset of temperatures were increased from 464 to 560 °C with the introduction of alkylsilane. Hydrophobicity and crystallinity index of the DPF fibers were increased from 66.8° to 116° and 31 to 41, introducing octylsilane to raw DPF. The SEM and XRD experimental results showed that the octylsilane treatment could effectively increase the pore size and crystallinity index as an indication of the removal of non-crystalline cellulosic materials from DPFs. Thermal stability, hydrophobicity and crystallinity of the fibers increased on DFP after alkylsilane treatment. The results indicated that alkylsilane-treated DPFs were a suitable reinforcing substitute for hydrophobic polymer composite.
Safety assessment and sustainability of consuming eggplant (Solanum melongena L.) grown in wastewater-contaminated agricultural soils
Authors: Alamer Khalid H. , Galal Tarek M.
Published: June 2022

Vegetables cultivated on contaminated agricultural soils are being consumed by the public, and consequently cause serious health concerns due to contaminants' dietary intake. The current study examines the safety and sustainability of eating eggplant (Solanum melongena) by looking into the possibility of heavy metals translocation from polluted soils to the edible sections, as well as the health hazards that come with it. Soil and eggplant samples were taken from three contaminated and other three uncontaminated farms to estimate their chemical constituents and plant growth properties. Based on the pollution load index data, the contaminated soils were highly polluted with Fe, Cu, Pb, and Zn; and relatively polluted with Cr, Mn, Cd, Mn, Co, and V. Under contamination stress, the fresh biomass, dry biomass, and production of eggplant were significantly reduced by 41.2, 44.6, and 52.1%, respectively. Likewise, chlorophyll a and b were significantly reduced from 1.51 to 0.69 mg g−1 and 1.36 to 0.64 mg g−1, respectively. The uncontaminated plant shoots had the highest quantities of N, P, and proteins (1.98, 2.08, and 12.40%, respectively), while the roots of the same plants had the highest K content (44.70 mg kg−1). Because eggplant maintained most tested heavy elements (excluding Zn and Pb) in the root, it is a good candidate for these metals' phytostabilization. However, it had the potential to translocate Mn and Zn to its shoot and Pb, Cr, Mn, and Zn to the edible fruits indicating its possibility to be a phytoextractor and accumulator of these metals. Cd, Cu, Ni, Pb, Mn, and Co quantity in the edible sections of eggplant grown in contaminated soils exceeded the permissible level for normal plants, posing health hazards to adults and children. For safety issues and food sustainability, our investigation strongly recommends avoiding, possibly, the cultivation of eggplant in contaminated agricultural lands due to their toxic effects even in the long run.
Energy Materials Discovery
Authors: Ozin Geoffrey A , Loh Joel Y Y
Published: June 2022

Materials have the potential to be the centrepiece for the transition to viable renewable energy technologies if they realise a specific suite of properties and achieve a desired set of performance metrics. The envisioned transition involves the discovery of materials that enable generation, conversion, storage, transmission, and utilization of renewable energy.

This book presents, through the eye of materials chemistry, an umbrella view of the myriad of classes of materials that make renewable energy technologies work. They are poised to facilitate the transition of non-renewable and unsustainable energy systems of the past into renewable and sustainable energy systems of the future. It is a story that often begins in chemistry laboratories with the discovery of new energy materials. Yet, to displace materials in existing energy technologies with new ones, depends not only on the ability to design and engineer a superior set of performance metrics for the material and the technology but also the requirement to meet a demanding collection of economic, regulatory, social, policy, environmental and sustainability criteria.

Disruption in the traditional way of discovering materials is coming with the emergence of artificial intelligence, machine learning and robotic automation designed to accelerate the well-established discovery process, massive libraries of materials can be evaluated and the possibilities are endless. This book provides a perspective on the application of these new technologies to this field as well as an overview of energy materials discovery in the broader techno-economic and social context. Any budding researcher or more experienced materials scientist will find a guide to a fascinating story of discovery and emerge with a vision of what is next.
Optical characterization of DNA origami-shaped silver nanoparticles created through biotemplated lithography
Authors: Kabusure Kabusure M. , Piskunen Petteri , Yang Jiaqi , Kataja Mikko , Chacha Mwita , Ojasalo Sofia , Shen Boxuan , Hakala Tommi K. , Linko Veikko
Published: June 2022

Metal nanostructures created with Biotemplated Lithography of Inorganic Nanostructures (BLIN) were characterized optically for the first time. The feasibility for fabricating Raman-active substrates and other plasmonic structures was demonstrated.
Recent advances in biological detection with rolling circle amplification: design strategy, biosensing mechanism, and practical applications
Authors: Gao Yong-ping , Huang Ke-Jing , Wang Fu-Ting , Hou Yang-Yang , Xu Jing , Li Guoqiang
Published: June 2022

Rolling circle amplification (RCA) is a simple and isothermal DNA amplification technique that is used to generate thousands of repeating DNA sequences using circular templates under the catalysis of DNA polymerase.
Controllable synthesis of gold nanoparticle dimers via site-selective growth
Authors: Zhang Mengmeng , Xu Yue , Peng Xudong , Chen Hongyu , Wang Hong
Published: June 2022

Random aggregation of nanoparticles follows step-growth kinetics, and thus the synthesis of large nanoparticle dimers is still a challenge.
Trisubstituted 4f- and 4d tungstoantimonates as artificial phosphoesterases for nerve agent degradation
Authors: Tanuhadi Elias , Rompel Annette
Published: June 2022

With 3 Mio. people worldwide being yearly exposed to organophosphates (OPs), accounting for approximately 300 000 deaths, OPs are a current threat to mankind. This work reports on {M3(HPO3)Sb3W28} and {SbW9} as recyclable OP degradation catalysts.
Cd2(IO3)(PO4) and Cd1.62Mg0.38(IO3)(PO4): metal iodate-phosphates with large SHG responses and wide band gaps
Authors: Chen Qian-Qian , Hu Chun-Li , Yao Li-Jia , Chen Jin , Cao Ming-Yang , Li Bing-Xuan , Mao Jiang-Gao
Published: June 2022

The first metal iodate-phosphates, namely, Cd2(IO3)(PO4) and Cd1.62Mg0.38(IO3)(PO4), display novel crystal structures and comprehensive SHG performance.
Anisotropic properties of Ba1−xSrxFe12O19 single crystals
Authors: Fricke Tim , Ebbinghaus Stefan G.
Published: June 2022

Single crystals of Ba1−xSrxFe12O19 with x = 0, 0.25, 0.5, 0.75, and 1 were grown from a Na2CO3 flux.
An insight into sensitive detection of metal ions using a novel cobalt MOF: single crystal, photoluminescence, and theoretical studies
Authors: Rana Love Karan , Kaur Prabhjyot , Maris Thierry , Duong Adam
Published: June 2022

Sensitive detection of various metal ions is achieved using Co-MOF. Factors imparting sensing potential to Co-MOF and the structure/application (sensitive detection) relationship are discussed in the realm of ‘crystal engineering’.
Selective catalytic reduction of NOx with ammonia (NH3-SCR) over copper loaded LEV type zeolites synthesized with different templates
Authors: Hoffmann Andreas , De Prins Michiel , Sree Sreeprasanth Pulinthanathu , Vanbutsele Gina , Smet Sam , Chandran C. Vinod , Radhakrishnan Sambhu , Breynaert Eric , Martens Johan A.
Published: June 2022

The catalytic activity of LEV type zeolites in NH3-SCR was dependent on preferential Al siting in the double 6-rings, which in turn was influenced by the choice of structure-directing agent used in the zeolite synthesis.
Structural view on the role of the TRD loop in regulating DNMT3A activity: a molecular dynamics study
Authors: Zhao Hong , Yu Jie , Weng Gaoqi , Yu Jiahui , Wang Ercheng , Gao Junbo , Liu Huanxiang , Hou Tingjun , Wang Zhe , Kang Yu
Published: June 2022

The structural dynamics of the target-recognition-domain loop and its role in regulating DNMT3A activity are investigated through MD simulations, which would arouse more interest in the rational design of novel DNMT3A inhibitors targeting the region.
Dynamics in the O(2 × 1) adlayer on Ru(0001): bridging timescales from milliseconds to minutes by scanning tunneling microscopy
Authors: Gura Leonard , Yang Zechao , Paier Joachim , Kalaß Florian , Brinker Matthias , Junkes Heinz , Heyde Markus , Freund Hans-Joachim
Published: June 2022

The dynamics within an O(2 × 1) adlayer on Ru(0001) is studied by density functional theory and high-speed scanning tunneling microscopy.
Highly emissive polymorphs of anhydrous cadmium tetracyanoplatinate and their solvated coordination networks
Authors: Sergeenko Ania S. , Paripovic Damir , Dab Chahinez , Blanc Pierre-François , Reber Christian , Leznoff Daniel B.
Published: June 2022

The α- and β-polymorphs of Cd[Pt(CN)4] are densely packed 3-D coordination polymers with quantum yields of 0.85 and 0.79. They react with donor solvent vapours to give emissive 2-D CdL2[Pt(CN)4] (L = DMSO, DMF, pyridine) cyanometallate sheets.
Fluorinated click-derived tripodal ligands drive spin crossover in both iron(ii) and cobalt(ii) complexes
Authors: Nößler Maite , Hunger David , Neuman Nicolás I. , Reimann Marc , Reichert Felix , Winkler Mario , Klein Johannes , Bens Tobias , Suntrup Lisa , Demeshko Serhiy , Stubbe Jessica , Kaupp Martin , van Slageren Joris , Sarkar Biprajit
Published: June 2022

A fluorophenyl-substituted ligand drives complete and partial spin-crossover in Fe(ii) and Co(ii) complexes, respectively.
Iridium and rhodium complexes bearing a silyl-bipyridine pincer ligand: synthesis, structures and catalytic activity for C–H borylation of arenes
Authors: Komuro Takashi , Mochizuki Daiki , Hashimoto Hisako , Tobita Hiromi
Published: June 2022

The synthesis of five-coordinate 16e SiNN-pincer complexes of iridium and rhodium, and catalytic C(sp2)–H borylation under mild conditions are described.
Electronic insights into aminoquinoline-based PNHN ligands: protonation state dictates geometry while coordination environment dictates N–H acidity and bond strength
Authors: Gradiski Matthew V. , Rennie Benjamin E. , Lough Alan J. , Morris Robert H.
Published: June 2022

The acidity and bond dissociation free energy of the secondary amine of a P–NH–N tridentate ligand on rhodium(i) and iron(ii) is measured. The amide ligand is planar on rhodium(i) and on cobalt(ii) and in the iron complex with a mer configuration.
High energy density Na-metal batteries enabled by a tailored carbonate-based electrolyte
Authors: Chen Jiawei , Peng Yu , Yin Yue , Liu Mingzhu , Fang Zhong , Xie Yihua , Chen Bowen , Cao Yongjie , Xing Lidan , Huang Jianhang , Wang Yonggang , Dong Xiaoli , Xia Yongyao
Published: June 2022

A carbonate-based electrolyte is well-designedviaa multifunctional lithium difluorobis(oxalato) phosphate (LiDFBOP) additive, endowing 4.5 V sodium metal batteries with high energy density, excellent cycling stability and a wide temperature range.
Highly efficient one-pot conversion of saccharides to 2,5-dimethylfuran using P-UiO-66 and Ni–Co@NC noble metal-free catalysts
Authors: Nguyen Chi Van , Yeh Jyun-Yi , Tran Thuan Van , Wu Kevin C.-W.
Published: June 2022

In this work, we demonstrate the one-pot conversion of saccharides to high yield (>80%) of 2,5-dimethyl furan (DMF) using a combination of two noble-metal-free catalysts (i.e., P-UiO-66 and Ni–Co@NC).
Rapid microfluidic platform for screening and enrichment of cells secreting virus neutralizing antibodies
Authors: Lin Weikang Nicholas , Tay Matthew Zirui , Wong Joel Xu En , Lee Chia Yin , Fong Siew-Wai , Wang Cheng-I , Ng Lisa Fong Poh , Renia Laurent , Chen Chia-Hung , Cheow Lih Feng
Published: June 2022

Drop-PEARL enables rapid screening and isolation of virus-neutralizing antibody secreting cells for high-throughput therapeutic antibody discovery.
Mixed-ligand copper(ii) complexes of guanidine derivatives containing ciprofloxacin: synthesis, characterization, DFT calculations, DNA interactions and biological activities
Authors: Nonkuntod Prangtip , Meenongwa Atittaya , Senawong Thanaset , Soikum Chaiyaporn , Chaveerach Prapansak , Watwiangkham Athis , Suthirakun Suwit , Chaveerach Unchulee
Published: June 2022

Two copper(ii) complexes of guanidine derivatives and ciprofloxacin are good candidates for the next generation of anticancer and/or antibacterial agents.
Ag nanoparticles supported on a magnetic NiFe2O4/MIL-101(Fe) metal–organic framework nanocomposite for the room temperature rapid catalytic reduction of nitrophenols and nitroanilines
Authors: Amraei Mirshad , Farhadi Saeed , Mohammadi-Gholami Abdolnasar
Published: June 2022

A novel Ag@NiFe2O4/MIL101(Fe) ternary magnetic nanocomposite was synthesized for the room temperature rapid catalytic reduction of nitrophenols and nitroanilines.
Second-harmonic generation tuning by stretching arrays of GaAs nanowires
Authors: Saerens Grégoire , Bloch Esther , Frizyuk Kristina , Sergaeva Olga , Vogler-Neuling Viola V. , Semenova Elizaveta , Lebedkina Elizaveta , Petrov Mihail , Grange Rachel , Timofeeva Maria
Published: June 2022

We present a wearable device with III–V nanowires in a flexible polymer, which is used for active mechanical tuning of the second-harmonic generation intensity.
Transport among protocells via tunneling nanotubes
Authors: Schanke Ingrid Jin , Xue Lin , Spustova Karolina , Gözen Irep
Published: June 2022

Evidence for transport of contents between model protocells via lipid nanotubes was shown. The nanotube-mediated transport could have been a means of chemical communication between primitive cell populations on the early Earth.
A new concept of atomically thin p–n junction based on Ca2N/Na2N donor–acceptor heterostructure: a first-principles study
Authors: Yu Shiqiang , Huang Baibiao , Dai Ying , Wei Wei
Published: June 2022

In this work, we propose a new concept for atomically thin p–n junction with a natural Ohmic contact based on the Ca2N/Na2N donor–acceptor heterostructure, where Ca2N and Na2N monolayers act as n- and p-type regions, respectively, and the interlayer vacuum plays the role of the depletion region.
Correction: Drying-induced back flow of colloidal suspensions confined in thin unidirectional drying cells
Authors: Inoue Kai , Inasawa Susumu
Published: June 2022

Correction for ‘Drying-induced back flow of colloidal suspensions confined in thin unidirectional drying cells’ by Kai Inoue et al., RSC Adv., 2020, 10, 15763–15768, https://doi.org/10.1039/D0RA02837A.
Bare and ligand protected planar hexacoordinate silicon in SiSb3M3+ (M = Ca, Sr, Ba) clusters
Authors: Chen Chen , Wang Meng-hui , Feng Lin-Yan , Zhao Lian-Qing , Guo Jin-Chang , Zhai Hua-Jin , Cui Zhong-hua , Pan Sudip , Merino Gabriel
Published: June 2022

The global minimum of SiSb3M3+ (M = Ca, Sr, Ba) is a D3h symmetric structure containing an elusive planar hexacoordinate silicon (phSi) atom. Most importantly, the phSi core remains intact in ligand protected environment as well.
Geometry and physics in the deformations of crystalline caps
Authors: Chen Jingyuan , Yao Zhenwei
Published: June 2022

The yield of the spherical crystalline cap composed of Lennard-Jones particles leads to featured fracture patterns.
NUCKS1 is a highly modified, chromatin-associated protein involved in a diverse set of biological and pathophysiological processes
Authors: Østvold Anne Carine , Grundt Kirsten , Wiese Claudia
Published: June 2022

The Nuclear Casein and Cyclin-dependent Kinase Substrate 1 (NUCKS1) protein is highly conserved in vertebrates, predominantly localized to the nucleus and one of the most heavily modified proteins in the human proteome. NUCKS1 expression is high in stem cells and the brain, developmentally regulated in mice and associated with several diverse malignancies in humans, including cancer, metabolic syndrome and Parkinson's disease. NUCKS1 function has been linked to modulating chromatin architecture and transcription, DNA repair and cell cycle regulation. In this review, we summarize and discuss the published information on NUCKS1 and highlight the questions that remain to be addressed to better understand the complex biology of this multifaceted protein.
Endogenous glutamine is rate-limiting for anti-CD3 and anti-CD28 induced CD4+ T-cell proliferation and glycolytic activity under hypoxia and normoxia
Authors: Wik Jonas A. , Chowdhury Azazul , Kolan Shrikant , Bastani Nasser E. , Li Gaoyang , Alam Kazi , Grimolizzi Franco , Skålhegg Bjørn S.
Published: June 2022

To meet the demand for energy and biomass, T lymphocytes (T cells) activated to proliferation and clonal expansion, require uptake and metabolism of glucose (Gluc) and the amino acid (AA) glutamine (Gln). Whereas exogenous Gln is converted to glutamate (Glu) by glutaminase (GLS), Gln is also synthesized from the endogenous pool of AA through Glu and activity of glutamine synthase (GS). Most of this knowledge comes from studies on cell cultures under ambient oxygen conditions (normoxia, 21% O2). However, in vivo, antigen induced T-cell activation often occurs under moderately hypoxic (1–4% O2) conditions and at various levels of exogenous nutrients. Here, CD4+ T cells were stimulated for 72 h with antibodies targeting the CD3 and CD28 markers at normoxia and hypoxia (1% O2). This was done in the presence and absence of the GLS and GS inhibitors, Bis-2-(5-phenylacetamido-1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-yl) ethyl sulfide (BPTES) and methionine sulfoximine (MSO) and at various combinations of exogenous Gluc, Gln and pyruvate (Pyr) for the last 12 h of stimulation. We found that T-cell proliferation, viability and levels of endogenous AA were significantly influenced by the availability of exogenous Gln, Gluc and Pyr as well as inhibition of GLS and GS. Moreover, inhibition of GLS and GS and levels of oxygen differentially influenced oxygen consumption rate (OCR) and extracellular acidification rate (ECAR). Finally, BPTES-dependent down-regulation of ECAR was associated with reduced hexokinase (HK) activity at both normoxia and hypoxia. Our results demonstrate that Gln availability and metabolism is rate-limiting for CD4+ T-cell activity.
Deafness-related protein PDZD7 forms complex with the C-terminal tail of FCHSD2
Authors: Wang Huang , Zhao Dange , Du Haibo , Zhai Xiaoyan , Wu Shaoxuan , Lin Lin , Xu Zhigang , Lu Qing
Published: June 2022

In cochlea, deafness-related protein PDZD7 is an indispensable component of the ankle link complex, which is critical for the maturation of inner-ear hair cell for sound perception. Ankle links, connecting the different rows of cochlear stereocilia, are essential for the staircase-like development of stereocilia. However, the molecular mechanism of how PDZD7 governs stereociliary development remains unknown. Here, we reported a novel PDZD7-binding partner, FCHSD2, identified by yeast two-hybrid screening. FCHSD2 was reported to be expressed in hair cell, where it co-operated with CDC42 and N-WASP to regulate the formation of cell protrusion. The association between FCHSD2 and PDZD7 was further confirmed in COS-7 cells. More importantly, we solved the complex structure of FCHSD2 tail with PDZD7 PDZ3 domain at 2.0 Å resolution. The crystal structure shows that PDZD7 PDZ3 adopts a typical PDZ domain topology, comprising five β strands and two α helixes. The PDZ-binding motif of FCHSD2 tail stretches through the αB/βB groove of PDZD7 PDZ3. Our study not only uncovers the interaction between FCHSD2 tail and PDZD7 PDZ3 at the atomic level, but also provides clues of connecting the ankle link complex with cytoskeleton dynamics for exploiting the molecular mechanism of stereociliary development.
SN 2021foa, a transitional event between a Type IIn (SN 2009ip-like) and a Type Ibn supernova
Authors: Reguitti A. , Pastorello A. , Pignata G. , Fraser M. , Stritzinger M. D. , Brennan S. J. , Cai Y.-Z. , Elias-Rosa N. , Fugazza D. , Gutierrez C. P. , Kankare E. , Kotak R. , Lundqvist P. , Mazzali P. A. , Moran S. , Salmaso I. , Tomasella L. , Valerin G. , Kuncarayakti H.
Published: June 2022

We present photometric and spectroscopic data of the unusual interacting supernova (SN) 2021foa. It rose to an absolute magnitude peak ofMr = −18 mag in 20 days. The initial light curve decline shows some luminosity fluctuations before a long-lasting flattening. A faint source (Mr ∼ −14 mag) was detected in the weeks preceding the main event, showing a slowly rising luminosity trend. Ther-band absolute light curve is very similar to those of SN 2009ip-like events, with a faint and shorter duration brightening (‘Event A’) followed by a much brighter peak (‘Event B’). The early spectra of SN 2021foa show a blue continuum with narrow (∼400 km s−1) H emission lines that, two weeks later, reveal a complex profile, with a narrow P Cygni on top of an intermediate-width (∼2700 km s−1) component. At +12 days, metal lines in emission appear and He Ilines become very strong, with He Iλ5876 reaching half of the Hαluminosity, much higher than in previous SN 2009ip-like objects. We propose that SN 2021foa is a transitional event between the H-rich SN 2009ip-like SNe and the He-rich Type Ibn SNe.
No Sacrifice No Gain: Construction of Cleavable Bridged Macrobicyclic Olefins for Precision Polymers
Authors: Yang Hong , Yu Zhen , Wang Li , Liu Li , Wang Meng
Published: June 2022

Olefin metathesis polymerization has commanded great attention as a versatile method for preparing macromolecular materials with advanced architectures and functions in academia and industry. This Account summarizes our endeavors directed towards the preparation of various functional polymers by using olefin metathesis polymerization strategies in particular acyclic diene metathesis (ADMET) polymerization and ring-opening metathesis polymerization (ROMP), during the last ten years. In addition, the merits and limitations of ADMET polymerization and ROMP techniques are also demonstrated and compared. Notably, this Account highlights our recently developed sequence-controlled ROMP strategy for production of precision polymers in a regio-/stereoselective manner, the rollercoaster journey for the evolution of a macrobicyclic olefin system containing a sacrificial silyloxide bridge is described in detail.

1 Introduction

2 Olefin Metathesis Step-Growth Polymerization Approaches

3 Olefin Metathesis Chain-Growth Polymerization Approaches

4 ROMP of Cleavable Bridged Macrobicyclic Olefins

5 Conclusion