bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Análise do desempenho de extratores automáticos de candidatos a termos: proposta metodológica para tratamento de filtragem dos dados
Authors: Teixeira Rosana De Barros Silva e
Published: April 2015

Este artigo pretende apresentar um aspecto da dissertação de mestrado intitulada Termos de (Onco)mastologia: uma abordagem mediada por corpus (2011). Nesta ocasião, explorarei um dos objetivos que norteou a pesquisa, qual seja, a verificação do índice de acerto de quatro ferramentas computacionais para extração automática de candidatos a termo: Corpógrafo 4.0, WordSmith Tools 3.0, e-Termos e ZExtractor. Dois corpora prestaram-se à investigação: o de estudo (MAMAtex), que totaliza 563.482 palavras, e o de referência (Banco de Português 1.0), com 125.927.624 palavras. O primeiro, especializado, é composto de alguns dos gêneros dos discursos científico, de divulgação científica e instrucional da (Onco)mastologia, enquanto o segundo, de linguagem geral, compreende gêneros discursivos variados. Para subsidiar a análise do ponto de vista teórico-metodológico, foram eleitas duas abordagens, a Teoria Comunicativa da Terminologia (CABRÉ 1993) e a Linguística de Corpus (SINCLAIR 1991; BERBER SARDINHA 2004, 2005). Conforme apontam os dados, o Corpógrafo 4.0 lidera o ranking, com 27,56% de acerto, seguido, respectivamente, pelo ZExtractor (26,05%), WordSmith Tools 3.0 (21,77%) e e-Termos (14,44%). Com vistas a tornar factível o exame dos candidatos, posto que as listas geradas pelos programas abrangiam milhares de palavras, foi desenvolvida uma metodologia com o auxílio do Microsoft Office Excel 2007 para filtragem dos candidatos comuns entre todas as ferramentas e exclusivos de cada uma. Esse recorte nos dados funcionou como um “atalho metodológico” possivelmente viável no sentido de otimizar a seleção de candidatos a termo a partir de listas processadas por dois ou mais programas.
Bases teórico-metodológicas para a elaboração de um dicionário português-espanhol de Economia
Authors: Nadin Odair Luiz
Published: April 2015

Temos por objetivo, neste artigo, apresentar as bases teórico-metodológicas para a elaboração de um dicionário terminológico bilíngue de Economia que possa atender tanto aos falantes da língua de partida, quanto aos falantes da língua de chegada. As línguas contrastadas são o português na variedade brasileira e o espanhol nas variedades peninsular e argentina. A proposta delineada neste texto se fundamenta nos princípios da Teoria Comunicativa da Terminologia – TCT (CABRÉ, 1999).
A terminologia empregada aos criminosos e/ou infratores pela polícia civil do Rio Grande do Sul
Authors: Costa Maria Izabel Plath da
Published: April 2015

A Polícia Civil, ou Polícia Judiciária, tem como atividade precípua a persecução penal, ancorando a ação que, em tese, culmina no processo que gera a sentença. Para a instrução penal, essa polícia registra as suas diligências através de textos especializados, compostos por termos técnicos específicos dessa área especializada, cujos documentos compõem os procedimentos que são instaurados para apurar o fato que foi registrado pelo cidadão. Em virtude de insurgir da esfera jurídica, os termos empregados pela Polícia Judiciária são termos jurídico-policiais. Entretanto, em virtude da estigmatização da atividade-fimesses termos não são contemplados nos dicionários jurídicos. Os especialistas que utilizam a gama terminológica jurídico-policial escolhem dada unidade terminológica com base no empirismo, sendo que essas escolhas cognitivas asseguram a aplicabilidade da lei penal.O presente estudo descreve o trabalho da Polícia Judiciária, os procedimentos que são instaurados para a aplicabilidade da lei penal e as unidades terminológicas (UTs) empregadas aos partícipes nesses procedimentos. através da representação dessas UTs em mapas conceituais do tipo hierárquico, foi possível constatar que as UTs que designam a pessoa que comete o crime, ou a infração, mantêm uma relação hierárquica entre si.
Tradução parcial e comentada do Convívio de Dante
Authors: Brito Emanuel França de
Published: April 2015

Este ensaio tem por objetivo apresentar uma tradução parcial do Convívio, de Dante Alighieri, e explicitar a razão de algumas das escolhas feitas para a tradução apresentada. Tem como recorte apenas os quatro primeiros capítulos do primeiro tratado da obra (Cv I i, ii, iii e iv). Tenta-se justificar essas escolhas com base nos comentários de Busnelli (1934; 1937), Vasoli (1988) e Inglese (2007), além de ter a edição crítica de Ageno (1995) como base textual. Ainda, reflete sobre o uso de certos vocábulos em autores contemporâneos ao texto, como Francesco Petrarca e Giovanni Boccaccio, considerando também outras obras de Dante, no original e em algumas de suas principais traduções para o português.
‘Cachaça’ na tradução de obras literárias brasileiras para a língua inglesa
Authors: Rebechi Rozane Rodrigues
Published: April 2015

O objetivo deste artigo foi analisar as estratégias e as implicações da tradução do termo ‘cachaça’ em língua inglesa. A partir de um corpus literário formado por originais em língua portuguesa e suas respectivas traduções em inglês, observou-se uma tendência anglocêntrica de domesticação do termo, por meio de escolhas de ‘equivalentes’ que acarretam descaracterização dessa marca cultural brasileira, além de diminuição do estranhamento por parte do leitor estrangeiro.
Estilística Tradutória: Um estudo de corpus paralelo de uma tradução brasileira e uma tradução portuguesa de Heart of Darkness
Authors: Magalhães Célia M. , Castro Mayelli C. de , Montenegro Marina S.
Published: April 2015

Este artigo baseia-se na estilística tradutória. O foco é o estilo do texto traduzido em duas traduções para o português da obra Heart of Darkness, de Joseph Conrad. Toma-se por base Stubbs (2003, 2005), que apresenta dados referentes à frequência de palavras e relativos à proeminência motivada e acredita que eles podem gerar uma base descritiva mais detalhada. A investigação incide sobre a forma como os principais temas da obra foram traduzidos nos textos do português brasileiro e europeu. Cyrino (2011) cria novos contrastes, com frequência elevada, como “Deus” e “Diabo”.  Os lemas equivalentes a dark*, em português brasileiro, aparecem menos se comparados ao original. Em Brito e Cunha (2008) o lema light* foi constantemente traduzido como “luz”, enquanto o lema dark* aparece de diferentes formas. O artigo mostra que existem mudanças estilísticas significativas nos textos traduzidos.
Questões de tradução e adaptação em O Livro de Cabeceira
Authors: Cunha Andrei Dos Santos
Published: April 2015

Ao longo de sua história como clássico em tradução no Ocidente, O Livro de Travesseiro de Sei Shônagon teve sua integridade textual frequentemente desrespeitada, sendo reenquadrado para acomodar os objetivos de cada tradutor. O filme de Peter Greenaway pode ser criticado por inadvertidamente reproduzir esse “orientalismo de segunda mão”, em sua representação da cultura e literatura japonesa. Por outro lado, abordagens mais idealizadas do ato tradutório e do conceito de fidelidade não dão conta dos processos criativos de adaptação e reescrita artística. É necessário buscar uma abordagem teórica que integre os estudos de tradução e de adaptação, para que se possa compreender melhor como culturas e códigos diferentes interagem no contexto de um filme.

 
Tardio, porém viçoso: Poe contista no Brasil
Authors: Bottman Denise
Published: April 2015

Este artigo apresenta um histórico das traduções dos contos de Edgar Allan Poe publicadas em livro no Brasil, desde sua primeira edição em 1903 até abril de 2012. 
A terminologia da cana-de-açúcar no Brasil em duas perspectivas: do engenho à usina
Authors: Serra Luís Henrique
Published: April 2015

A cana-de-açúcar é um dos principais produtos da balança comercial brasileira. O setor canavieiro é um dos que mais tem crescido no mundo e que tem dado grandes lucros ao País.  Com o desenvolvimento do setor, um volumoso número de termos tem surgido, graças aos novos conceitos que emergiram.. Por outro lado, há também uma grande produção nos estados em que o setor não é tão desenvolvido. Tais termos, em nome de uma comunicação bem sucedida, devem ser recolhidos e catalogados. Este estudo averigua os termos utilizados pelo técnico e pelo pequeno agricultor do universo da cana-de-açúcar do Brasil. Objetiva-se, com isso, mostrar como neste setor a variação é proporcional à especialização da atividade.
Google Tradutor: Análise de Utilização e Desempenho da Ferramenta
Authors: Costa Gislaine Caprioli , Daniel Fátima De Gênova
Published: April 2015

Este estudo qualitativo investiga o uso da ferramenta de tradução automática Google Tradutor em contexto universitário e busca justificativa na escassez de literatura sobre o tema. Os objetivos principais são identificar o perfil de usuários nos cursos que utilizam textos em língua inglesa e discutir o desempenho da ferramenta em suas traduções. Questionários foram utilizados para identificar o perfil dos usuários, e a discussão do desempenho focou nos critérios de desvios lexicais, morfossintáticos e socioculturais. Os participantes apresentaram nível de proficiência entre básico e intermediário e 93% deles afirmaram ser usuários da ferramenta com alto grau de confiabilidade em sua eficácia e que ela atende parcialmente suas expectativas. Quanto ao desempenho, os problemas principais foram de ordem morfossintática e desvios envolvendo questões de adequação cultural. 
Panorama da interpretação em contextos médicos no Brasil: perspectivas
Authors: Queiroz Mylene
Published: April 2015

Dentre os contextos comunitários em que há necessidade de mediação por meio de interpretação, o da saúde demanda cautela, dado à natureza complexa da atividade médica, que, consequentemente, impõe diferentes desafios aos intérpretes. No Brasil, as barreiras linguísticas enfrentadas por pacientes que não falam a língua portuguesa são tratadas de forma improvisada por intérpretes voluntários sem nenhum treinamento específico. Este artigo discorre sobre as atuais demandas por intérpretes em contextos médicos no Brasil e a necessidade de análises e ações com vistas à formação de um campo profissional que garanta o acesso a serviços de saúde no país por minorias linguísticas. Nesse sentido, este estudo aponta para a necessidade de debater a criação de políticas públicas que não somente reconheçam a demanda, mas que criem ferramentas de acesso linguístico. Aos profissionais e instituições voltados aos estudos da interpretação no contexto brasileiro, cabe colocar em pauta o debate sobre as pesquisas na área da Interpretação Comunitária, a fim de atualizar abordagens teóricometodológicas que atendam demandas de treinamento para intérpretes atuantes em contextos comunitários, entre eles, os da saúde.
A buen entendedor, pocas palabras bastan: histórico cultural e interfaces linguísticas de expressões idiomáticas e provérbios do espanhol para o português
Authors: Castro Márcia Marques Marinho
Published: April 2015

O presente trabalho tem como objetivo principal apresentar um estudo sobre expressões idiomáticas e provérbios na língua espanhola, com especial ênfase nas origens e no percurso cultural das expressões idiomáticas. Além disto, são analisadas algumas das possíveis dificuldades apresentadas pelas unidades fraseológicas ou textuais em questão no processo de tradução para o português (ao longo de tal análise, são apresentadas as formas equivalentes consagradas na língua portuguesa, utilizadas pelos falantes e adotadas pelos tradutores). Para tanto, examinamos o histórico e a importância dos provérbios e expressões populares – fórmulas fixas consagradas – sob a perspectiva da paremiologia, da fraseologia e da etimologia, com ênfase nas implicações decorrentes de seu uso e nas formas convergentes ou correspondentes no português do Brasil.
Delantal del libro: O prólogo de o Discurso de Todos los Diablos, de Quevedo, e sua tradução ao Português
Authors: Cesco Andréa , Távora Beatrice
Published: April 2015

Francisco de Quevedo y Villegas é um dos maiores representantes da literatura do Século de Ouro espanhol. Porém, ao contrário de outros autores do mesmo
período, permanece desconhecido no cenário nacional diante da ausência de traduções de sua obra. Seus escritos permitem uma aproximação ao panorama decadente do período áureo, ao mesmo tempo em que configuram uma crítica a diversos aspectos da sociedade de então. Através da sátira, Quevedo denuncia comportamentos e atividades da época com o uso constante de figuras de linguagem e jogos de palavras que constituem um desafio ao tradutor. O objetivo do presente artigo é apresentar e discutir alguns recursos humorísticos presentes no prólogo do texto satírico Discurso de Todos los Diablos (1627) e a busca de soluções envolvidas no processo tradutório ao português brasileiro.
Increase of Ventricular Interval During Atrial Fibrillation by Atrioventricular Node Vagal Stimulation
Authors: Bianchi Stefano , Rossi Pietro , Schauerte Patrick , Elvan Arif , Blomström-Lundqvist Carina , Kornet Lilian , Gal Pim , Mörtsell David , Wouters Griet , Gemein Christopher
Published: April 2015

Background—

Patients with a high ventricular rate during atrial fibrillation (AF) are at increased risk of receiving inappropriate implantable cardioverter defibrillator shocks. The objective was to demonstrate the feasibility of high frequency atrioventricular-nodal stimulation (AVNS) to reduce the ventricular rate during AF to prevent inappropriate implantable cardioverter defibrillator shocks.

Methods and Results—

Patients with a new atrial lead placement as part of a cardiac resynchronization therapy and defibrillator implant and a history of paroxysmal or persistent AF were eligible. If proper atrial lead position was confirmed, AVNS software was uploaded to the cardiac resynchronization therapy device, tested, and optimized. AVNS was delivered via a right atrial pacing lead positioned in the posterior right atrium. Software allowed initiation of high frequency bursts triggered on rapidly conducted AF. Importantly, the efficacy was evaluated during spontaneous AF episodes between 1 and 6 months after implant. Forty-four patients were enrolled in 4 centers. Successful atrial lead placement occurred in 74%. Median implant time of the AVNS lead was 37 minutes. In 26 (81%) patients, manual AVNS tests increased the ventricular interval by >25%. Between 1 and 6 months, automatic AVNS activations occurred in 4 patients with rapidly conducted AF, and in 3 patients, AVNS slowed the ventricular rate out of the implantable cardioverter defibrillator shock zone. No adverse events were associated with the AVNS software.

Conclusions—

The present study demonstrated the feasibility of implementation of AVNS in a cardiac resynchronization therapy and defibrillator system. AVNS increased ventricular interval >25% in 81% of patients. AVNS did not influence the safety profile of the cardiac resynchronization therapy and defibrillator system.

Clinical Trial Registration—

clinicaltrials.gov
; Unique Identifier: NCT01095952.
The complete larval development of Pagurus maculosus Komai & Imafuku, 1996 (Decapoda, Anomura, Paguridae) reared in the laboratory, and a comparison with sympatric species
Authors: SULTANA ZAKEA , ASAKURA AKIRA
Published: April 2015

The complete larval development of the hermit crab Pagurus maculosus, is described and illustrated based on specimens reared in the laboratory at 15°C and 33–35 PSU. Newly hatched larvae invariably passed through a short prezoeal stage (10 minutes to 2 hours), four zoeal stages (each of 7 days,) and one megalopal stage (14 days). Distinct morphological features of each larval stage of the present study are compared with other closely related species in Japanese waters, and we found many differences in morphology and the duration of zoeal stages between them. We mentioned significant diagnostic characters separating this species from other congeners in Japanese waters that include the presence of red-yellowish chromatophores on the maxillipeds. This is the first report of complete larvae development of Pagurus maculosus.
Hermit crabs from Brazil: Family Diogenidae (Crustacea: Decapoda: Paguroidea), except Paguristes
Authors: NUCCI PAULO RICARDO , DE MELO GUSTAVO AUGUSTO SCHMIDT
Published: April 2015

We present here the genera and species of the family Diogenidae recorded from Brazil, with the exception of the genus Paguristes. We provide a diagnosis, synonymy and illustrations for each species of the nine genera from Brazil and identification keys for genera represented by more than one species.
Unfreezing Taylor’s Hypothesis for Precipitation
Authors: Creutin J.-D. , Leblois E. , Lepioufle J.-M.
Published: April 2015

Since the seminal work of Zawadzki in the seventies, the so-called Taylor’s “frozen” hypothesis has been regularly used to study the statistical properties of rainfall patterns. This hypothesis yields a drastic simplification in terms of symmetry of the space–time structure—the large-scale advection velocity is the conversion factor used to link the time and space autocorrelation functions (ACFs) of the small-scale variability. This study revisits the frozen hypothesis with a geostatistical model. Using analytical developments and numerical simulations tuned on available case studies from the literature, the role of large- and small-scale rainfall kinematics on the properties of the space–time ACF and associated fluctuations is investigated. In particular, the merits and limits of the ACF signature classically used to test the frozen hypothesis are examined. The conclusion is twofold. Taylor’s hypothesis, understood as the quest for a space–time symmetry in rain field variability, remains important in hydrometeorology four decades after the pioneering work of Zawadzki. The frozen hypothesis, introduced for simplification purposes, appears difficult to check and too constraining. The methods proposed to check the hypothesis rely too directly on the use of the advection velocity as a space–time conversion factor instead of contemplating the ACF signature more globally. The model proposed that using two characteristic velocities instead of one appears more flexible to fit the ACF behaviors presented in the literature. This remains to be checked over a long-term high-resolution dataset.
Vertical Flow in the Southern Ocean Estimated from Individual Moorings
Authors: Sévellec F. , Naveira Garabato A. C. , Brearley J. A. , Sheen K. L.
Published: April 2015

This study demonstrates that oceanic vertical velocities can be estimated from individual mooring measurements, even for nonstationary flow. This result is obtained under three assumptions: (i) weak diffusion (Péclet number ≫ 1), (ii) weak friction (Reynolds number ≫ 1), and (iii) small inertial terms (Rossby number ≪ 1). The theoretical framework is applied to a set of four moorings located in the Southern Ocean. For this site, the diagnosed vertical velocities are highly variable in time, their standard deviation being one to two orders of magnitude greater than their mean. The time-averaged vertical velocities are demonstrated to be largely induced by geostrophic flow and can be estimated from the time-averaged density and horizontal velocities. This suggests that local time-mean vertical velocities are primarily forced by the time-mean ocean dynamics, rather than by, for example, transient eddies or internal waves. It is also shown that, in the context of these four moorings, the time-mean vertical flow is consistent with stratified Taylor column dynamics in the presence of a topographic obstacle.
Enhanced Wind-Driven Downwelling Flow in Warm Oceanic Eddy Features during the Intensification of Tropical Cyclone Isaac (2012): Observations and Theory
Authors: Jaimes Benjamin , Shay Lynn K.
Published: April 2015

Tropical cyclones (TCs) typically produce intense oceanic upwelling underneath the storm’s center and weaker and broader downwelling outside upwelled regions. However, several cases of predominantly downwelling responses over warm, anticyclonic mesoscale oceanic features were recently reported, where the ensuing upper-ocean warming prevented significant cooling of the sea surface, and TCs rapidly attained and maintained major status. Elucidating downwelling responses is critical to better understanding TC intensification over warm mesoscale oceanic features. Airborne ocean profilers deployed over the Gulf of Mexico’s eddy features during the intensification of tropical storm Isaac into a hurricane measured isothermal downwelling of up to 60 m over a 12-h interval (5 m h−1) or twice the upwelling strength underneath the storm’s center. This displacement occurred over a warm-core eddy that extended underneath Isaac’s left side, where the ensuing upper-ocean warming was ~8 kW m−2; sea surface temperatures >28°C prevailed during Isaac’s intensification. Rather than with just Ekman pumping WE, these observed upwelling–downwelling responses were consistent with a vertical velocity Ws = WE − Rogδ(Uh + UOML); Ws is the TC-driven pumping velocity, derived from the dominant vorticity balance that considers geostrophic flow strength (measured by the eddy Rossby number Rog = ζg/f), geostrophic vorticity ζg, Coriolis frequency f, aspect ratio δ = h/Rmax, oceanic mixed layer thickness h, storm’s radius of maximum winds Rmax, total surface stresses from storm motion Uh, and oceanic mixed layer Ekman drift UOML. These results underscore the need for initializing coupled numerical models with realistic ocean states to correctly resolve the three-dimensional upwelling–downwelling responses and improve TC intensity forecasting.
Increasing Diagnosis and Treatment of Overweight and Obese Pediatric Patients
Authors: Young Emily Laura
Published: April 2015

Purpose. To determine if a guideline-based electronic health record (EHR) template and staff education would increase diagnosis and treatment of overweight and obese children. Method. At a large pediatric office, a minitemplate was customized to pediatric obesity evidence-based practice guidelines. Staff were educated regarding current guidelines and instructed to merge minitemplate to EHR encounters in which body mass indexes (BMIs) were greater than the 85th percentile, thus integrating assessment questions, overweight or obese diagnoses, and triggered treatment order sets. Results. A total of 9701 charts of 2- to 18-year-old patients presenting over 6 months were reviewed. Preintervention, 52% with BMIs greater than the 85th percentile had diagnoses of overweight or obese in problem lists; 86% received treatment when diagnosed. Postintervention, 75% had diagnoses in problem lists, and 96% received treatment. Conclusion. This initiative illustrated how EHR customization and staff education improved the diagnosis and treatment of pediatric overweight and obesity.
Fabrication and properties of BADCy modified by epoxy-capped polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane
Authors: Dang Jing , Tang Yusheng , Gu Junwei , Xu Shuang , Kong Jie
Published: April 2015

Epoxy-capped polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane (EP-POSS) is performed to modify bisphenol A cyanate ester (BADCy) to regulate its dielectric constant and thermal resistance. EP-POSS can be incorporated in the cross-linked network of BADCy via covalent bonds, which catalyzes BADCy self-polymerization to decease the initial temperature of forming triazine rings. EP-POSS is distributed in the BADCy matrix uniformly and there is no aggregation and phase separation between EP-POSS and BADCy matrix at a micrometer scale. The dielectric constant values of EP-POSS/BADCy are decreased with the addition of EP-POSS, but increased slightly when the mass fraction of the EP-POSS is more than 2 wt%. The thermal resistance of EP-POSS/BADCy is increased slightly with the addition of EP-POSS.
Influence of transport parameters on conductivity of lithium perchlorate-doped poly(vinyl alcohol)/chitosan composites
Authors: Rathod Sunil G , Bhajantri RF , Ravindrachary V , Poojary Boja , Pujari PK , Sheela T , Naik Jagadish
Published: April 2015

This article focuses on the calculation of transport parameters (number density of ions and time travel of ions between sites, mobility, diffusion coefficient, and number of transitions per unit time) of the lithium perchlorate (LiClO4)-doped poly(vinyl alcohol)/chitosan (PVA/CS) composites using Rice and Roth model. The thermal study reveals a decrease in glass transition temperature for LiClO4-doped PVA/CS composites. The highest ionic conductivity of 3 × 10−6 S cm−1 at room temperature is observed for the 20 wt% LiClO4-containing composite. The temperature-dependent conductivity follows Arrhenius relation and lowest activation energy of 0.153 eV is observed for highest conducting sample. The mechanical properties such as Young’s modulus, stiffness, and tensile strength decreases and its percentage elongation at break increases with increase in LiClO4-doping level in PVA/CS polymer matrix. The scanning electron microscopic images exhibit smooth and homogeneous surface of PVA/CS composite.
Permeability of carbon dioxide and nitrogen gases through SiO2 and MgO incorporated ENR/PVC membranes
Authors: Nor Farhan Mohd , Karim Nurul Huda Abd , Abdullah Ibrahim , Othaman Rizafizah
Published: April 2015

Two mixed-matrix membranes (MMM) for gas permeability test were prepared by introducing inorganic fillers (silica (SiO2) and magnesium oxide (MgO)) in the composite blend of epoxidized natural rubber (ENR) and polyvinyl chloride (PVC). Inclusion of SiO2 and MgO particles in the membranes resulted in pores formation as observed through scanning electron microscopy. Thermal study demonstrated that there were interaction between the fillers and polymer matrix with SiO2 exhibited better interaction. SiO2 was also observed to disperse more evenly in the membrane compared to MgO. The permeability of carbon dioxide (CO2) and nitrogen (N2) gases was measured in order to determine the effects of SiO2 and MgO in CO2/N2 separation performance of the ENR/PVC/filler membranes. CO2 was found to exhibit higher permeability compared to N2 for all the membranes. The gas permeability of ENR/PVC/SiO2 membrane was significantly higher than ENR/PVC/MgO and ENR/PVC membranes. Interestingly, despite having lower permeability, MgO-filled membrane exhibited higher CO2/N2 selectivity. When compared to the Robeson’s upper bound, it was found that introduction of fillers had improved gas separation performance of ENR/PVC membrane.
Notes on the Dramatic Career of a Concept
Authors: Krishna Sankaran
Published: April 2015

The global middle class is frequently seen as a guarantor of democracy and its consumerism the basis for the next wave of growth in the world economy. This article questions both premises and suggests that middle classes are frequently the creation of state projects based on selective inclusions and exclusions, and their desired futures constitute a real threat to planetary sustainability at this point in time.
Femoroacetabular Impingement in Elite Ice Hockey Goaltenders
Authors: Whiteside David , Deneweth Jessica M. , Bedi Asheesh , Zernicke Ronald F. , Goulet Grant C.
Published: April 2015

Background:

Femoroacetabular impingement (FAI) is particularly prevalent in ice hockey. The butterfly goalie technique is thought to involve extreme ranges of hip motion that may predispose goaltenders to FAI.

Purpose:

To quantify hip mechanics during 3 common goaltender movements and interpret their relevance to the development of FAI.

Study Design:

Descriptive laboratory study.

Methods:

Fourteen collegiate and professional goaltenders performed skating, butterfly save, and recovery movements on the ice. Hip mechanics were compared across the 3 movements.

Results:

The butterfly did not exhibit the greatest range of hip motion in any of the 3 planes. Internal rotation was the only hip motion that appeared close to terminal in this study. When subjects decelerated during skating—shaving the blade of their skate across the surface of the ice—the magnitude of peak hip internal rotation was 54% greater than in the butterfly and 265% greater than in the recovery. No movement involved levels of concomitant flexion, adduction, and internal rotation that resembled the traditional impingement (FADIR) test.

Conclusion:

The magnitude of internal rotation was the most extreme planar hip motion (relative to end-range) recorded in this study (namely during decelerating) and appeared to differentiate this cohort from other athletic populations. Consequently, repetitive end-range hip internal rotation may be the primary precursor to symptomatic FAI in hockey goaltenders and provides the most plausible account for the high incidence of FAI in these athletes. Resection techniques should, therefore, focus on enhancing internal rotation in goaltenders, compared with flexion and adduction. While the butterfly posture can require significant levels of hip motion, recovering from a save and, in particular, decelerating during skating are also demanding on goaltenders’ hip joints. Therefore, it appears critical to consider and accommodate a variety of sport-specific hip postures to comprehensively diagnose, treat, and rehabilitate FAI.
Millennials’ “Get a ‘Real Job’”
Authors: O’Connor Amy , Raile Amber N. W.
Published: April 2015

This study provides a replication of Clair’s research on the colloquialism “real job.” Colloquial meanings are influenced by generational and sociocultural changes; thus, a replication exposes how Millennials who are coming of age during the Great Recession understand the phrase. Analysis of data from 139 currently matriculated Millennials suggests that a real job provides a salary that is utilitarian rather than lucrative, offers medical and retirement benefits, and is fulfilling. Our analysis revealed four themes that are presented under the broad categories of acceptance (right of passage; mark of distinction) and rejection (meaningless concept; relativism) of the colloquialism. Overall, participants were divided about the utility of the term and nearly half of the students rejected that a real job exists. The implications of these findings are discussed.
Geometric error identification algorithm of numerical control machine tool using a laser tracker
Authors: Wang Jindong , Guo Junjie
Published: April 2015

Error compensation technology as an economical and effective method for improving the machining accuracy of the machine tools has been widely applied in the manufacturing. How to quickly and accurately obtain machine tool error is an important prerequisite for achieving the above task. A laser tracker is adopted the multi-station and time-sharing measurement principle to achieve quick and accurate identification of the geometric errors of the machine tool. In this article, the error of single-station measurement of laser tracker is analyzed first, and then the principle and algorithm of multi-station and time-sharing measurement are given. Based on the kinematic model of the machine tool, the mapping relation equations between the space motion error and individual geometric error of the machine tool are established, and two different identification algorithms are derived, respectively. Meanwhile, the identification accuracy of two algorithms and the impact of different measurement areas and squareness errors on two algorithms are compared and analyzed in depth. The experiment results indicate that higher identification accuracy can be obtained by the second algorithm, and individual geometric error of the machine tool can be quickly and accurately separated by this algorithm.
Living With Contradictions
Authors: Allen Stephen , Marshall Judi , Easterby-Smith Mark
Published: April 2015

In this article, we investigate how senior managers located in Northern Europe in the energy and power industry coordinate their recognition of sustainability challenges with other things they say and do. Identity theory is used to examine the fine-grained work through which the managers navigate identities and potentially competing narratives. In contrast with other studies we find that pursuing cohering identities and resolving potential tensions and contradictions does not appear to matter for most of the managers. We explore the dynamics of how managers live with apparent contradictions and tensions without threat to their narrative coherence. We extend existing research into managerial identities and sustainability by showing how managers combine different potentially contrasting identity types, identifying nine discursive processes through which the majority of managers distance and deflect sustainability issues away from themselves and their companies, and, showing the contrasting identity dynamics in the case of one manager to whom narrative coherence becomes important and prompts alternative action.
Systemic Allergic Contact Dermatitis After Formaldehyde-Containing Influenza Vaccination
Authors: Kuritzky L. Alexandra , Pratt Melanie
Published: April 2015

Background:

Systemic contact dermatitis occurs when a patient sensitized to an allergen topically is systemically reexposed to the allergen and develops a cutaneous eruption.

Objective:

To report the case of a 48-year-old male who developed explosive dermatitis following injection of a formaldehyde-containing influenza vaccine and was subsequently shown to be strongly positive to formaldehyde and formaldehyde-releasing allergens by patch testing, as well as to review the literature for similar cases.

Methods:

A PubMed search was made using the following search terms: systemic contact dermatitis, formaldehyde, influenza, and vaccine.

Results:

A review of the literature revealed 2 cases of systemic contact dermatitis from formaldehyde derived from aspartame and 1 case from a thimerosal-containing influenza vaccine. No cases caused by formaldehyde in influenza or other vaccines were found.

Conclusion:

This case highlights the importance of considering systemic allergic contact dermatitis in any patient presenting with dermatitis following injection of a formaldehyde-containing vaccine.
Change in temperature distribution by constriction of electric current through contact area
Authors: Wakabayashi K. , Hemthavy P. , Saito S. , Takahashi K.
Published: April 2015

The change in temperature distribution due to constriction of an electric current through a contact area is analytically and numerically investigated. The potential distribution, current density distribution and heat density distribution inside the body are analytically obtained. The heat density has the singular point at the periphery of the contact area. It is revealed that the temperature has a finite value at the periphery, whereas the temperature change rate with respect to time has an infinite value because of the singularity. The results show the change in the temperature distribution. The times to melting and melting area are determined from the change in the temperature distribution. The total heat generated until melting occurs is also obtained.
Sterilization of hydrogen peroxide resistant bacterial spores with stabilized chlorine dioxide
Authors: Friedline Anthony , Zachariah Malcolm , Middaugh Amy , Heiser Matt , Khanna Neeraj , Vaishampayan Parag , Rice Charles V
Published: April 2015

Bacillus pumilus SAFR-032 spores isolated from a clean room environment are known to exhibit enhanced resistance to peroxide, desiccation, UV radiation and chemical disinfection than other spore-forming bacteria. The survival of B. pumilus SAFR-032 spores to standard clean room sterilization practices requires development of more stringent disinfection agents. Here, we report the effects of a stabilized chlorine dioxide-based biocidal agent against spores of B. pumilus SAFR-032 and Bacillus subtilis ATCC 6051. Viability was determined via CFU measurement after exposure. Chlorine dioxide demonstrated efficacy towards sterilization of spores of B. pumilus SAFR-032 equivalent or better than exposure to hydrogen peroxide. These results indicate efficacy of chlorine dioxide delivered through a stabilized chlorine dioxide product as a means of sterilization of peroxide- and UV-resistant spores.
Extracellular traps and macrophages: new roles for the versatile phagocyte
Authors: Boe Devin M , Curtis Brenda J , Chen Michael M , Ippolito Jill A , Kovacs Elizabeth J
Published: April 2015

MΦ are multipurpose phagocytes with a large repertoire of well-characterized abilities and functions, including regulation of inflammation, wound healing, maintenance of tissue homeostasis, as well as serving as an integral component of the innate-immune defense against microbial pathogens. Working along with neutrophils and dendritic cells, the other myeloid-derived professional phagocytes, MΦ are one of the key effector cells initiating and directing the host reaction to pathogenic organisms and resolving subsequent responses once the threat has been cleared. ETs are a relatively novel strategy of host defense involving expulsion of nuclear material and embedded proteins from immune cells to immobilize and kill bacteria, fungi, and viruses. As research on ETs expands, it has begun to encompass many immune cell types in unexpected ways, including various types of MΦ, which are not only capable of generating METs in response to various stimuli, but recent preclinical data suggest that they are an important agent in clearing ETs and limiting ET-mediated inflammation and tissue damage. This review aims to summarize historical and recent findings of biologic research regarding ET formation and function and discuss the role of MΦ in ET physiology and associated pathologies.
Friction at Fingertip Surface during Water Contact Process
Authors: Nonomura Yoshimune , Saito Rina , Takahashi Akira
Published: April 2015

Humans can sense water on a solid substrate without sliding their fingertips. In this study, 20 subjects were presented with small amounts of pure water and aqueous solutions containing various amounts of a thickener. Many subjects distinguished a watch glass containing water from those containing aqueous solutions of the thickener. The most characteristic tactile texture of water reported by participants was a non-slimy feel. Furthermore, friction evaluations and high-speed observations identified frictional resistance as a distinguishing characteristic between water and the thickened aqueous solutions. Notably, no significant fingertip movements were observed when using a high-speed camera, although the frictional coefficients for water (0.18), the 1.00 wt % thickened solution (0.10) and the 5.00 wt % thickened solution (0.05) were significantly different. A regression analysis of the relationship between the tactile evaluation and friction properties suggested that many subjects evaluated the degree of sliminess based on the fluctuation of the frictional coefficient during contact of their fingertips with the watch glasses.
Experience and performance in a shifting political landscape: The Greek- Orthodox community of Izmir/Smyrna at the turn of the 20th century
Authors: Kechriotis Vangelis
Published: April 2015

Το άρθρο αναφέρεται σε τρία επεισόδια πού διαδραματίστηκαν στη Σμύρνη στις αρχές του 20ου αιώνα. Το πρώτο περιγράφει τη σύγκρουση του Έλληνα προξένου Σταμάτιου Αντωνόπουλου με τις τοπικές οθωμανικές αρχές στα 1904-1905, το δεύτερο την εκλογή του καθηγητή Παύλου Καρολίδη ως εκπροσώπου του νομού Αιδινίου στην οθωμανική βουλή στα 1908 και το τρίτο το μποϋκοτάζ πού κήρυξαν ομάδες πού ελέγχονταν από την Επιτροπή «Ένωση και Πρόοδος» εναντίον της ελληνικής εμπορικής δραστηριότητας. Ο συγγραφέας εντάσσει τη συζήτηση για τα περιστατικά αυτά σε δύο διαφορετικά "ιστοριογραφικά πλαίσια. Το ένα αφορά τη μελέτη των ελληνορθόδοξων κοινοτήτων της Οθωμανικής Αυτοκρατορίας, και πιο συγκεκριμένα της Σμύρνης, ως μίας από τις δυναμικότερες περιπτώσεις, και τα άλλο τη μελέτη της ύστερης οθωμανικής κοινωνίας συνολικά. Τα θέματα που αναδεικνύονται είναι η διαδικασία ενσωμάτωσης διαφορετικών πληθυσμών στη διαμόρφωση κοινής ελληνικής ταυτότητας, οι τρόποι με τους οποίους οι ηγετικές ομάδες επιτελούν το ρόλο τους στον δημόσιο χώρο, η σημασία που έχει για την ισορροπία των επιλογών στην πόλη η λειτουργία κοινωνικών και πολιτικών δικτύων πού εκτείνονται μέχρι την πρωτεύουσα Κωνσταντινούπολη, καθώς και η ιδιομορφία της πόλης αυτής πού όχι μόνο ήταν κατά τα μεγαλύτερο τμήμα της χριστιανική, αλλά διέθετε και έναν μουσουλμανικό πληθυσμό πού ενίοτε αψηφούσε την κεντρική εξουσία. Τέλος, ό συγγραφέας, με αφορμή τις διπλωματικές πηγές πού χρησιμοποιεί αναλύει θέματα ορολογίας και προτείνει τρόπους για μια πιο σύνθετη ανάγνωσή τους.
The refugees, the economic crisis and the collapse of Venizelist hegemony, 1929-1932
Authors: Mazower Mark
Published: April 2015

Ή εργασία εξετάζει τήν πολιτική των βενιζελικών κυβερνήσεων τής περιόδου
1929-1932 άπέναντι στον προσφυγικό πληθυσμό καί ειδικότερα στο
ζήτημα τής εγκατάστασης των Μικρασιατων προσφύγων στα εδάφη του
έλληνικοΰ κράτους. Έπισημαίνεται ή σημασία πού άπέδιδε ό Βενιζέλος
στήν αγροτική άποκατάσταση των προσφύγων με τή διανομή σέ αύτούς
γεωργικών κλήρων για νά αποφευχθούν εκδηλώσεις κοινωνικού ριζοσπαστισμού
μεταξύ τού τμήματος αΰτοΰ τού πληθυσμού. Οί σταθεροποιητικές
προσπάθειες των κυβερνήσεων Βενιζέλου όμως κατά τήν κρίσιμη τελευταία
πρωθυπουργία του ύπονομεύθηκαν άπό τήν οικονομική κρίση τού 1929 καί ή
άποτυχία νά κερδηθεΐ ή «μάχη τής δραχμής» είχε γενικότερες επιπτώσεις ώς
προς τήν κλιμάκωση των άντιθέσεων στήν ελληνική κοινωνία. Οί εξελίξεις
αυτές έστρεψαν σημαντικό τμήμα τού άγροτικοΰ προσφυγικοΰ πληθυσμού
κατά τού Βενιζέλου, μέ άποτέλεσμα τήν τελική κατάρρευση τής βενιζελικής
ήγεμονίας στήν πολιτική ζωή.
The Allied Note of 23rd September and great Britain's retreat on the question of eastern Thrace
Authors: Bravos Thanassis
Published: April 2015

'Η Συμμαχική Διακοίνωση τής 23ης Σεπτεμβρίου 1922, μέ την

οποία παραδιδόταν έκ των προτέρων ή Ανατολική Θράκη στους
Τούρκους, άποτέλεσε πλήγμα για τή βρετανική πολιτική. Ή άπο-
δοχή έκ μέρους της των κεμαλικών άξιώσεων προκάλεσε βαθύτατη
έντύπωση, μια καί ήταν γνωστή ή θέση τού Βρετανού πρωθυπουργού
άναφορικά μέ τούς "Ελληνες καί ή σπουδαιότητα πού άπέδιδε
στήν εύόδωση των έθνικών τους στόχων, καθώς καί ή σημασία των
Στενών για τή διατήρηση τής ναυτικής υπεροχής τής Αύτοκρατο-
ρίας στή Μεσόγειο καί τή διασφάλιση, κατ’ αύτύν τον τρόπο, των
γραμμών έπικοινωνίας της μέ τήν Ινδία. Ούτως έχόντων των πραγμάτων,
μια τέτοια ένέργεια άσφαλώς δέν θά ήταν δυνατό -ούτε καί
θά έπρεπε- να θεωρηθεί άποτέλεσμα ενός μόνον παράγοντα ή άπόρ-
ροια μιας βιαστικής καί έπιπόλαιης έκτίμησης.
'Υπό τήν έννοια αύτή: α) ή ελληνική άποτυχία να έπιβάλει τούς 

ορούς τής Συνθήκης των Σεβρών στους έθνικιστές, β) ή άναγέννη-
ση τής τουρκικής δύναμης και ή άναβίωση τής άπειλής της συνδυασμένη
μέ τ'ις σχέσεις της μέ τη νεαρή Σοβιετική "Ενωση, άλλα καί
τήν πολιτική τής δεύτερης άπέναντι στήν Τουρκία, γ) οί διαρκώς
έντεινόμενες έπαφές τών άλλων δύο Δυνάμεων τής Entente μέ τον
Κεμάλ — πού τελικά οδήγησαν σέ πλήρη κατάρρευση του «άρρα-
γούς» μετώπου τής Συμμαχίας καί σέ λιποταξία τής Γαλλίας καί
τής ’Ιταλίας, δ) ή έχθρότητα μέ τήν οποία άντιμετώπιζε ή βρετανική
κοινή γνώμη, άλλα καί οί μουσουλμανικοί πληθυσμοί τής
Αυτοκρατορίας, έναν νέο πόλεμο μέ τήν Τουρκία, ε) ό κίνδυνος πού
θά συνεπαγόταν για τήν πετρελαιοφόρο Μεσοποταμία μια τέτοια
σύγκρουση, καί στ) οί άντικειμενικές στρατιωτικές δυσκολίες πού
ήταν σύμφυτες μέ τις δυνατότητες ή μή τής Μεγάλης Βρετανίας,
θά μπορούσαν να θεωρηθούν ύπεύθυνες γιά τήν ταύτιση τής τελευταίας
μέ τά ύποσχεθέντα τής 23ης Σεπτεμβρίου. 'Η μελέτη λοιπόν
τών παραγόντων αύτών, όπως καί ή άνάλυση τών σχέσεων μεταξύ
τους, θά ήταν δυνατό να ερμηνεύσουν τή συγκεκριμένη βρετανική
στάση.
Les Grecs d'Istanbul pendant les premieres decennies de la republique turque
Authors: Akgonul Samim
Published: April 2015

Ό έλληνισμός τής Τουρκίας τελεί υπό καθεστώς εξόντωσης, από τα τέλη
τής δεκαετίας του 1960, για λόγους πολιτικούς, οικονομικούς καί άλλους.
Τα πράγματα δεν ήταν πάντοτε έτσι. Την έπαύριο τής Συνθήκης τής
Λωζάνης καί μέχρι τή δεκαετία του 1950, ό ελληνισμός τής Τουρκίας,
κυρίως στην Κωνσταντινούπολη, είχε δημιουργήσει μια κοινότητα άνθηρή
καί σημαντική. ’Ιδίως ή δεκαετία του 1930 συμβολίζει μια χρυσή εποχή
για τήν κοινότητα, κατά κύριο λόγο εξαιτίας τής έλληνοτουρκικής
προσέγγισης. Ή παρούσα μελέτη άναλύει τό κεφάλαιο τής Συνθήκης τής
Λωζάνης γιά τήν προστασία των μειονοτήτων καί διερευνά τήν ιστορία
τής μειονότητας κατά τις δεκαετίες τού 1920 καί 1930 καί τις άλλαγές
της. Παρουσιάζονται οί σχέσεις τής μειονότητας με τό τουρκικό κράτος
καί με τήν τουρκική κοινωνία καθώς καί οΐ εσωτερικές εξελίξεις, στις
παραμονές τού Β' Παγκοσμίου Πολέμου.
Methods of preparing flower stem samples for scanning electron microscopy
Authors: Spricigo Poliana Cristina , Trento Jéssica Prada , Bresolin Joana Dias , Soares Viviane Faria , Soares Viviane Faria , Ferraz Luiz Francisco De Mattêo , Ferreira Marcos David
Published: April 2015

Brazil has great capacity for expansion in the floriculture sector. Studies on postharvest cut flowers contribute to development of the sector, helping to maintain the quality of domestic production. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) is a powerful tool that allows viewing of flower structures and also microorganisms. The aim of this study was to evaluate methods of preparing flower stem samples for viewing in SEM as a support for studies on postharvest cut flowers. Ways of cutting, fixing, and drying samples were tested. Cutting with a stainless steel blade and through freeze-fracture were tested; fixation was carried out without the use of osmium tetroxide (OsO4); and drying of the samples was performed through freeze-drying and through critical point dryingwithCO2. Cutting with a stainless steel blade proved to be a satisfactory method for stem samples, with low cost and simple application compared to freeze-fracturing. Good fixation and high image contrast were obtained without the use of osmium tetroxide, thus avoiding the use of this toxic compound. Freeze-drying allowed the structure and morphological composition to be viewed, while critical point drying withCO2 preserved the microorganisms present in the samples.
Caracterização física e química de substratos com diferentes proporções de resíduo de celulose
Authors: Pagliarini Maximiliano Kawahata , Castilho Regina Maria Monteiro de , Moreira Erica Rodrigues , Alves Marlene Cristina
Published: April 2015

The objective of this study was to characterize physic and chemically substrates with different proportions of cellulose residue. The components of substrate used were soil, sand and cellulose residue and the treatments were: T1 = cellulose residue (CR); T2 = CR + soil (1:1); T3 = CR + soil (1:2); T4 = CR + soil (1:3); T5 = CR + sand (1:1); T6 = CR + sand (1:2); T7 = CR + sand (1:3); T8 = CR + soil + sand (1:1:1); T9 = CR + soil + sand (1:2:1); T10 = CR + soil + sand (1:3:1); T11 = CR + soil + sand (1:1:2); T12 = CR + soil + sand (1:1:3). It was evaluated the substrate density, container capacity, pH and electrical conductivity. The pure cellulose residue adapts in respect of physical properties. In relation to electrical conductivity the best results were obtained by mixing cellulose residue with soil and sand. The pH determined in water was high in all substrates.