bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
DAGHESTAN FEDERAL RESEARCH CENTRE OF THE RUSSIAN ACADEMY OF SCIENCES: THE DIFFICULT AND GLORIOUS WAY OF CREATION (TO THE 75 ANNIVERSARY OF THE FOUNDATION)
Authors: MURTAZAEV Akai Kurbanovich , LYSENKO Yuliya Mikhaylovna
Published: July 2021

The article examines the history of formation and development of the Daghestan base of the USSR Academy of Sciences – the Daghestan branch of the USSR Academy of Sciences – the Daghestan Scientific Centre of the Russian Academy of Sciences – the Daghestan Federal Research Centre of the Russian Academy of Sciences. Shown are the successes achieved by the team of Daghestan scientists over the years of its existence. The scientific and scientific-organizational activities of the Centre for 75 years have been analyzed.
ASSESSMENT OF INFLUENCE OF THE AUTOACCLIMATIZERS ON AUTOCHTHONOUS BIVALVE MOLLUSKS
Authors: KHLOPKOVA Marina Vladimirovna , BARKHALOV Ruslan Magomedovich , GUSEYNOV Kais Magomedovich , GASANOVA Aysha Sharapatinovna
Published: July 2021

Anthropogenic transformation of the Caspian Sea biocenoses results in the loss of their uniqueness and decrease of their biodiversity. In recent years the main role in the formation of biomass has played the autoacclimatizant mollusks Abra ovata , Mytilaster lineatus and Cerastoderma glaucum which dominate the biocenoses of the Caspian sea and are the main food components of valuable commercial benthivorous fishes. In 2018 live specimens of Corbicula fluminalis (O. F. Muller, 1774), a new species of bivalve mollusks for the Russian sector of the Caspian sea and the entire European part of Russia, were first discovered on the Daghestan coast.
FEATURES OF FORMATION OF THE WINTER PLANKTON COMMUNITIES IN THE NEFTEGAVAN (“OIL HARBOUR”) - MAKHACHKALA AREA OF THE MIDDLE COASTAL CASPIAN
Authors: OSMANOV Magomed Magomedovich , ABDURAKHMANOVA Ayshat Abdulmajidovna
Published: July 2021

Made has been the analysis of the pelagic ecosystems state in the Western coastal waters of the Middle Caspian in winter period of 2020 in the Neftegavan area, Seaport of Makhachkala. The taxonomic composition of phytoplankton and zooplankton communities, and the density of hydrobionts inhabiting them have been determined. It is noted that in phytocenoses during mass blossom of Rhizosolenia calcar avis (Schultze,1843) the diatom water plants (Bacillariophyta) dominated, and in zooplankton communities the paddle-footed crustaceans, mainly acarcidis ( Acartai tonsa Dana,1843) dominated on abundance. All sampling stations were characterized by a high degree of similarity of phyto-zooplankton in taxonomic composition but they differed significantly in number and biomass.
EMIGRATION OF THE MOUNTAINEERS OF THE EASTERN CAUCASUS TO TURKEY IN THE SECOND HALF OF THE XIX - EARLY XX CENTURIES (COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS)
Authors: ABDULAEVA Madina Izamutdinovna
Published: July 2021

The article is devoted to a comparative analysis of migration processes in the Eastern Caucasus, namely, the resettlement of the Caucasian mountaineers to Turkey in the second half of the XIX - early XX centuries. Identification of causal mechanisms that resulted in resettlement of various peoples of the North Caucasus, as well as the use of comparative historical analysis, allows a broader and more productive look at the debatable issues of migration processes. The author comes to conclusion that in the presence of common factors of emigration, the prevalence of some or other reasons in a specific historical situation in combination with local peculiarities gave rise to various forms of the resettlement process and influenced the number of migrants.
ABOUT SOME FEATURES OF DIFFERENT KINDS OF TRADITIONAL DRESSES OF AVAR WOMEN
Authors: BASIROVA Karina Kasumovna
Published: July 2021

The article is devoted to description of the technology of manufacturing women's dresses, its classification by shape, cut and way of wearing. The features of traditional dresses of аvars women, methods of dressing and decoration are considered. The variety of types of various attributes of women's dresses is shown.
NEW FIGURATIVE EXPRESSIONS AND SAYINGS IN LEZGHIN LEXICOGRAPHY
Authors: YUZBEKOVA Saimat Beybalaevna
Published: July 2021

This article touches the most expressive and instructive aspects of the language which are contained in proverbs, sayings and riddles. Several examples clearly demonstrate the corrections and additions that were made in the part of paremiology in the process of editing the Lezgi-Russian dictionary. In addition to clarifications and corrections, we have included in the dictionary many hitherto unknown proverbs and sayings, as well as Lezgi riddles. A small list of headwords of the dictionary is presented, in which adequate Russian matches are given to the existing words and sayings.
DAGHESTAN REGIONALISMS IN THE YOUTH SLANG IN RUSSIAN SPEECH OF DAGHESTANIS-BILINGUISTS
Authors: MALLAEVA Zulaykhat Magomedovna , ASVEDOVA Dzhamilat Shamkhalovna
Published: July 2021

The article is devoted to the question of mastering the regional vocabulary by the youth slang of Daghestan people-bilinguists. The reasons preventing the penetration of daghestan people vocabulary into the Russian speech of daghestanis-bilinguists are determined. The main reason is the fact that the words of one language are difficult for understanding by representatives of other nationalities.
TIME LEAFS PAGES... (BOOK REVIEW: KAKAGASANOV G.I. MASS REPRESSIONS OF THE 1920-40-s AND EARLY 50-s YEARS OF THE XX CENTURY IN DAGHESTAN AND THEIR CONSEQUENCES (HISTORICAL AND DOCUMENTARY RESEARCH)
Authors: LYSENKO Yuliya Mikhaylovna
Published: July 2021

Book Review: Kakagasanov G.I. Mass repressions of the 1920-40-s and early 50-s years of the XX century in Daghestan and their consequences (historical and documentary research).
Quantitative Analysis of Nutrients and Biochemical Evaluation in Pomfret Fish (Pampus argenteus) During Frozen Storage
Authors: Samantaray Utkalendu suvendusekhar , Tripathy Swagatika
Published: July 2021

Marine fish are well-known for being a high-quality protein source having high concentration of essential amino acids. It has high concentration of mono unsaturated and poly unsaturated fatty acids, which may aid in the optimization of lipid profiles and the reduction of the risk of coronary heart disease (CHD). The goal of this study was to estimate the nutritional and biochemical status of raw sea fish Pampus argenteus after 30 days of frozen storage at -200C with 15-day intervals. Nutrient study showed a decrease in protein and lipid content. The changes of hydrogen peroxide and oxidized lipid products were estimated in the muscle tissue during fresh and storage condition. Results indicate that during storage the oxidative stress increased. An antioxidant enzyme (superoxide dismutase, smutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase) measurement was determined. The increased amount of oxidative stress during fish storage is shown by the differential activity of antioxidant enzymes. The amount of protein in fish varies slightly between species and even within species. Fish is high in protein, vitamins, minerals, and omega-3 fatty acids, which are essential for brain development (Spencer et al., 1971; Jacylin et al., 2010). A well-balanced diet consists variety of fish that can help in children's growth and development as well as their heart health (Jinadasa, 2014).
ADVANCED AGE AND DISABLED HEALTH TOURISM CONCEPT, PROBLEMS AND SOLUTION SUGGESTIONS
Authors: SAYGILI Tuğçe , OYMAK Sibel , ÖZSARI Haluk
Published: July 2021

Disabled health tourism, which is one of the sub-branches of health tourism, is in the development stage as a sector. The number of people with disabilities a considerable amount of in the world and Turkey is substantial degree. The increase in life expectancy at birth results in an increase in the elderly population, an increase in the prevalence of chronic diseases and disability. With this increase, there is an increase in the demand for service procurement and the costs to be incurred. In this study, the definition of elderly and disabled tourism in the world and Turkey, the detection of needs by presenting the current situation with demographic and other health indicators, national and discussion of the issue in the presence of international literature and aimed to present proposals for the improvement of elderly and disabled tourism in Turkey. As a result, disabilities that cannot be cured but lead to a decrease in self-care skills in quality of life and physiological disability with advanced age are also beginning to create a separate burden on health services. In order to alleviate this burden, the field of health tourism should be developed to support services such as rehabilitation and care.
PROPOSAL PROYEK PENAWARAN LAYANAN SISTEM INFORMASI SOSA STAR ( BERBASIS WEB )
Authors: Aqil Muhammad
Published: July 2021

Masyarakat atau Pelaku bisnis sangat menggemari media Internetyang merupakan sumber Informasi dari perkembangan teknologi. Para pengguna internet ini selalu melakukan pembelian dan penjualan secara online, dan dapat bertransaksi secara langsung. Melalui jaringan server/warnet, telepon rumah, Handphone, merupakan fasilitas provider untuk dapat mengakses internet juga semakin banyak. Dengan keterbatasan waktu dan kesempatan untuk melihat informasi, itulah yang membuktikan bahwa masyarakat semakin tidak mau disibukkan.Sosa Star Web adalah perusahaan yang bergerak di bidang jasa dan layanan Online dan media informasi lainnya, Yang bergerak di bidang bisnis atau komersial yang dapat membantu organisasi atau perusahaan. Untuk promosi para perusahaan / usaha bisnis dijaringan internet bukan hanya layanan, tetapi kualitas dan harga menjadi hal yang terbaik.
Partisipasi Masyarakat dalam Musyawarah Perencanaan Pembangunan
Authors: Wulan
Published: July 2021

Partisipasi masyarakat adalah suatu peran, keterlibatan, keikutsertaan dalam pembangunan meliputi kegiatan dalam perencanaan, pelaksanaan (implementasi) dengan tujuan untuk memperbaiki mutu hidup mereka dan menikmati hasil-hasil pembangunan yang melibatkan masyarakat. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk meneliti partisipasi masyarakat dalam perencanaan pembangunan partisipasi ditinjau dari aspek jenis dan bentuknya, tujuan, manfaat, indikator partisipasi masyarakat serta faktor-faktor yang menghambat partisipasi masyarakat dalam perencanaan pembangunan. Musrenbang merupakan amanat UU Nomor 25 Tahun 2004 tentang sistem perencanaan pembangunan nasional. Dengan Musrenbang ini, rakyat banyak diharapkan bisa berpartisipasi dalam proses pembangunan. Untuk itu perlu adanya tujuan, dan prinsip-prinsip penyelenggaraan dan Faktor-Faktor Yang Mempengaruhi Partisipasi Masyarakat dalam Musrenbang. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah studi kepustakaan. Data yang dikumpulkan melalui Library research .
MENYALAKAN LAMPU LED DENGAN HANDPHONE
Authors: Hidayat Rizky Nur
Published: July 2021

Light Emitting Diode atau yang sering disingkat LED merupakan sebuah komponen elektromagnetik yang dapat memancarkan cahaya monokromatik melalui tegangan maju. LED terbuat dari bahan semi konduktor yang merupakan keluarga dioda. LED dapat memancarkan berbagai warna, tergantung dari bahan semikonduktor yang digunakan. LED juga dapat memancarkan cahaya inframerah yang tak tampat, seperti pada remote TV. Pengembangan sistem pada pembuatan alat ini nantinya menggunakan metode Model Prototipe . Metode Model Prototipe merupakan salah satu metode siklus hidup sistem yang didasarkan pada konsep model bekerja. Tujuannya adalah mengembangkan model menjadi sistem final dan dapat menghemat waktu.
Lampiran 1B Paper Sediment dynamics in shallow Lake Markermeer, The Netherlands: field/laboratory surveys and first results for a 3-D suspended solids model
Authors: de Rozari Philiphi
Published: July 2021

In 2007/08, a study was undertaken on sediment dynamics in shallow Lake Markermeer, The Netherlands. Firstly, the sediment characteristics median grain size, mud content and loss on ignition showed a spatial as well as water depth related pattern indicating wind-induced sediment transport. Sediment dynamics were investigated in a sediment trap field survey at two stations. Sediment yields, virtually all coming from sediment resuspension, were significantly correlated with wind speeds. Resuspension rates for Lake Markermeer were very high, viz. ca. 1,000 g/m2 day as an annual average, leading to high suspended solids (SS) contents, due to the large lake area and its shallowness (high ‘Dynamic Ratio’). Sediment resuspension behaviour was further investigated in preliminary laboratory experiments using a ‘micro-flume’, applying increasing water currents onto five Lake Markermeer sediments. Resuspension showed a clear exponential behaviour. Finally, a 3-D model was set up for water quality and SS contents in Lake Markermeer; first results showed a good agreement between modelled and actual SS contents. Construction of artificial islands and dams will reduce wind fetches and may be expected to cause a substantial decrease in lake water turbidity.
Holographic focusing
Authors: Kuyukov Vitaly
Published: July 2021

Holographic surface and integral
Studi Eksegesis Prinsip Penggembalaan Allah Bagi Umat-Nya Berdasarkan Mazmur 100:3
Authors: Herman Herman
Published: July 2021

Allah telah menyatakan penggembalaannya di sepanjang sejarah kehidupan manusia. Secara khusus atas umat pilihan-Nya yang dicatat dalam Perjanjian Lama. Prinsip-prinsip penggembalaan Allah dinyatakan dengan tujuan untuk dipelajari dan diteladani oleh orang-orang pilihan yaitu gembala dalam lingkungan orang-orang percaya. Penulisan ini menggunakan metode eksegese untuk menggali prinsip-prinsip pastoral yang terkandung dalam Mazmur 100:3 dengan tujuan prinsip-prinsip pastoral tersebut dapat ditanamkan dalam setiap bentuk penggembalaan yang dilakukan. Hasil eksegese Mazmur 100:3 menemukan prinsip penggembalaan berkaitan dengan fokus, kesadaran dan pengalaman dalam hubungan antara Allah dan umat-Nya.
INTEGRASI ETNOMATEMATIKA DALAM PEMBELAJARAN MATEMATIKASEKOLAH DASAR
Authors: Hanik Umi , Nurtamam Mohammad Edy
Published: July 2021

Pembelajaran matematika saat ini cenderung teoritis dan kurang kontekstual. Hal tersebut menyebabkan kebingungan bagi siswa karena matematika yang dipelajari di sekolah berbeda dengan matematika yang ditemui dalam kehidupan sehari-hari. Sehingga diperlukan pembelajaran matematika yang dapat menghubungkan antara matematika sekolah dengan matematika dalam kehidupan sehari-hari. Salah satu alternatif cara yang dapat dilakukan adalah dengan mengintegrasikan etnomatematika dalam pembelajaran matematika. Kajian etnomatematika bersumber dari kearifan lokal yang tumbuh dan berkembang di masyarakat. Hal ini sejalan dengan Permendikbud Nomor 21 tahun 2016 tentang sumber belajar yang dimulai dari lingkungan keluarga, sekolah dan tempat bermain. Iintegrasi etnomatematika dalam pembelajaran diantaranya dapat melalui, 1) learning experience dalam setiap tahapan pembentukan konsep matematika, 2) metode pembelajaran, 3) masalah matematika, 4) konsep ataupun prinsip matematika, dan 5) penggunaan istilah. Integrasi etnomatematika dalam pembelajaran matematika diharapkan dapat menumbuhkan dan meningkatkan kebermaknaan dalam belajar.
Scaling Properties of Silicon Microring CROWs (Project Report 0925399-Y3)
Authors: Mookherjee Shayan
Published: July 2021

The research outcomes of this NSF-funded project include the realization of long silicon coupled-resonator optical waveguides and a study of their optical transmission and localization properties.
Mini Tinjauan Pemberdayaan Internet Sebagai Media Baru Dari Segi Plolitik, Ekonomi, dan Pendidikan
Authors: lubis farhan
Published: July 2021

AbstrakMedia baru merupakan istilah yang sering dipakai untuk melainkannya dengan media tradisional. Garis batas antara media baru dengan media lama sulit ditentukan secara pasti tergantung dari sudut pandang seseorang. Internet dapat dikatakan sebagai awal dari era media baru karena internet sangat berbeda dengan media sebelumnya. Pada awalnya, aplikasi di internet hanya website dan email. Setelah itu muncul berbagai berbagai aplikasi atau media baru seperti web, facebook, instagram, twiter, line, vimeo, vevo, dan lain-lain. Jurnal ini semoga dapat menolong membatasi pemberdayaan internet dari segi politik, ekonomi, dan pendidikan. Pasalnya, keempat area tersebut telah memanfaatkan hampir semua media baru di internet. Dengan pelacakan kepustakaan (library research) dan dengan pelacakan jurnal-jurnal yang berkaitan (jurnal research). Dengan new media orang-orang dapat memanfatkan internet dengan sebaik-baiknya dan dengan new media dapat diperdayakan oleh semua ilmu baik ilmu politik, ekonomi dan pendidikan yang berhubungan dengan banyak bentuk kehidupan manusia guna menunjang aktifitas manusia baik dari segi politik, ekonomi, dan pendidikan.Kata kunci : Media baru, internet, pemanfaatan, situs jejaring sosial.
Disorder and Functionality in Integrated Photonics (Project Report 0925399-Y1)
Authors: Mookherjee Shayan
Published: July 2021

Research activities in this NSF-funded project studied a new class of photonic circuits and devices fabricated in high-index contrast semiconductor materials in which disorder plays a significant role.
Proposal penawaran Sistem informasi manajemen dalam sebuah instalasi jaringan komputer dan maintenance
Authors: Alfiansyah Fahrul
Published: July 2021

Teknologi informasi dan komunikasi saat ini telah berkembang dengan cepat dan selaras dengan perkembangan karakteristik masyarakat modern yang memiliki mobilitas tinggi, mencari layanan yang fleksibel, serba mudah dan memuaskan dan mengejar efisiensi di segala aspek, sehingga kebutuhan akan informasi dan komunikasi pun meningkat. Khusus untuk mahasiswa, pendidik, perwakilan, ahli keuangan dan lain-lain, untuk mencari informasi atau data yang akan mereka ambil sebagai bahan pelatihan, laporan, atau informasi tentang hal-hal tertentu yang terkait dengan kewajiban dan latihan mereka.Dengan meningkatnya penggunaan PC, semakin menonjol kebutuhan untuk perpindahan informasi mulai dari satu terminal kemudian ke terminal berikutnya yang diisolasi oleh unit jarak dan semakin tinggi persyaratan untuk penggunaan peralatan kantor (seperti printer dan plotter) dan waktu pengadaan yang mahir.basis informasi, semakin tinggi persyaratan untuk organisasi yang menghubungkan terminal yang perlu diberikan dengan mahir.Jaringan tersebut dikenal dengan Local Area Network (LAN) yang biasa memakai kabel. Sesuai perkembangan karakteristik masyarakat seperti yang telah disebutkan di atas maka LAN menawarkan suatu alternatif untuk komputer portabel yaitu wireless LAN (WLAN). WLAN menggunakan frekuensi radio (RF).
A Submission to the Productivity Commission Inquiry on the Right to Repair
Authors: Rimmer Matthew
Published: July 2021

EXECUTIVE SUMMARYThe Productivity Commission is to be congratulated for producing a comprehensive discussion paper on the complex and tangled topic of the right to repair. Taking an interdisciplinary, holistic approach to the issue, the Productivity Commission shows a strong understanding that the topic of the right to repair is a multifaceted policy issue. Its draft report covers the fields of consumer law, competition policy, intellectual property, product stewardship, and environmental law. The Productivity Commission displays a great comparative awareness of developments in other jurisdictions in respect of the right to repair. The policy body is also sensitive to the international dimensions of the right to repair – particularly in light of the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals. The Productivity Commission puts forward a compelling package of recommendations, which will be useful in achieving law reform in respect of the right to repair in Australia.
Aktualisasi Perkunjungan Pastoral Menurut 1 Petrus 5:1-3 Terhadap Pertumbuhan Iman Jemaat GPI Bt. Aji
Authors: evimalinda rita
Published: July 2021

Penggembalaan adalah panggilan mulia dari Tuhan Yesus Kristus sebagaipemilik domba, yang tentunya dikerjakan dengan penuh tanggung jawabserta pengabdian diri. Namun, belakangan isu-isu negatif beberapapemimpin gereja banyak viral di media sosial terkait akan kemewahan,skandal seksual, korupsi, gereja dijadikan ladang bisnis. Hal ini tentu sajamerusak citra gembala semestinya. Fokus utama artikel ini adalahmenjelaskan Konsep Poimaino pada 1 Petrus 5 :1-3 yang akan menjadiindikator dalam mengaktualisasi pengembalaan gereja yaitu: seoranggembala bertugas membimbing, merawat, memberi makan, mengatur danmemelihara kawanan domba Allah. Kelima indikator itu merupakan satukesatuan dalam sepanjang menjalankan tugas pastoral, dan Yesus Kristustelah menjadi prototype dari seluruh gembala
Italy: The diverging strategies of the populist radical right during the pandemic
Authors: Zanotti Lisa , Meléndez Carlos
Published: July 2021

This chapter assesses the response of the populist radical right parties to the COVID-19 pandemic in Italy. From the theoretical point of view, we maintain that populists profit from a crisis when they can frame it as a failure of representation. In the case of a health crisis, it is harder for populist actors to frame it as a crisis of representation since it calls for competence instead of representation. While the League (La Lega) and Brothers of Italy (Fratelli d’Italia, FdI) have similar characteristics, the erratic strategy of the former allowed the latter to successfully depict the whole political establishment as morally corrupt and to become the largest party in the system.
Experimental Study of Light Propagation in Silicon Microring CROWs (Project Report 0925399-Y2)
Authors: Mookherjee Shayan
Published: July 2021

Research activities in this NSF-funded project focused on the design, fabrication and study of a class of photonic circuits and devices in which disorder can be harnessed and controlled. There are two aspects to this project report. Firstly, we report on scientific insights in designing optical structures which can withstand or even utilize disorder for functionality. Secondly, we report on engineering advances in correcting or compensating for defective order.
Stylolites and stylolite networks as primary controls on the geometry and distribution of carbonate diagenetic alterations
Authors: Gomez-Rivas Enrique , Martín-Martín Juan Diego , Bons Paul , Koehn Daniel , Griera Albert , Travé Anna , Llorens Maria-Gema , Humphrey Elliot , Neilson Joyce
Published: July 2021

There is an ongoing debate on whether stylolites act as barriers or conduits for fluids, or even play no role in terms of fluid transport. This problem can be tackled by examining the spatial and temporal relationships between stylolites and other diagenetic products at multiple scales. Using the well-known Lower Cretaceous Benicàssim case study (Maestrat Basin, E Spain), we provide new field and petrographic observations of how bedding-parallel stylolites can influence different diagenetic processes during the geological evolution of a basin. The results reveal that stylolites can serve as baffles or inhibitors for different carbonate diagenetic reactions, and act as fronts for dolomitization, dolomite recrystallization and calcitization processes. Anastomosing stylolites, which pre-date burial dolomitization, likely acted as a collective baffle for dolomitization fluids in the study area, resulting in stratabound replacement geometries at the metre-to-kilometre scale. The dolomitization front weaves up and down following consecutive anastomosing stylolites, which are typical of mud-dominated facies that characterize limestone-dolostone transition zones. Contrarily, dolostone bodies tend to correspond to grain-dominated facies characterized by parallel (non-anastomosing) stylolites. The same stylolites subsequently acted as fluid flow conduits and barriers again when the burial and stress conditions changed. Stylolites within dolostones close to faults are found corroded and filled with saddle dolomite riming the stylolite pore, and high-temperature blocky calcite cements filling the remaining porosity. The fluids responsible for these reactions were likely released from below at high pressure, causing hydraulic brecciation, and were channelised through stylolites, which acted as fluid conduits. Stylolites are also found acting as baffles for subsequent calcitization reactions and occasionally appear filled with iron oxides released by calcitization. This example demonstrates how the same type of stylolites can act as barriers/inhibitors and/or conduits for different types of diagenetic reactions through time, and how important it is to consider their collective role when they form networks.
Complex rupture process of the 2014 Thailand Mw 6.2 earthquake on the conjugate fault system of the Phayao fault zone
Authors: Tadapansawut Tira , Yuji Yagi , Okuwaki Ryo , Yamashita Shinji , Shimizu Kousuke
Published: July 2021

The earthquake with a moment magnitude 6.2 that occurred in northern Thailand on 5 May 2014 is the largest recorded in Thailand by modern seismographs; the source is located in the multi-segmented complex fault system of the Phayao fault zone in the northern Thai province of Chiang Rai. This geological setting is appropriate environment for investigating a compound rupture process associated with a geometrically complex fault system in a magnitude-6-class earthquake. To understand in detail the rupture process of the 2014 Thailand earthquake, we elaborate the flexible finite-fault inversion method, used it to invert the globally-observed teleseismic P waveforms, and resolved for the spatiotemporal distribution of both the slip and the fault geometry. The complex rupture process consists of two distinct coseismic slip episodes that evolved along two discontinuous fault planes; these planes coincide with the lineations of the aftershock distribution. The first episode originated at the hypocenter and the rupture propagated south along the north-northeast to south-southwest fault plane. The second episode was triggered at around 5 km north from the epicenter and the rupture propagated along the east-northeast to west-southwest fault plane and terminated at the west end of the source area at 4.5 s hypocentral time. The fault system derived from our finite-fault model suggests geometric complexities including bends. The derived spatiotemporal orientation of the principal stress axis shows different lineations within the two rupture areas and heterogeneity at their edges. This geological setting may have caused the perturbation of the rupture propagation and the triggering of the distinct rupture episodes. Our source model of the 2014 Thailand earthquake suggests that even in the case of small-scale earthquakes, the rupture evolution can be complex when the underlying fault geometry is multiplex.
Ten Simple Rules for Researchers Who Want to Develop Web Apps
Authors: Saia Sheila , Nelson Natalie , Young Sierra , Parham Stanton , Vandegrift Micah
Published: July 2021

Growing interest in data-driven, decision-support tools across the life sciences and physical sciences has motivated development of web applications, also known as web apps. Web apps can help disseminate research findings and present research outputs in ways that are more accessible and meaningful to the general public--from individuals, to governments, to companies. Specifically, web apps enable exploration of scenario testing and policy analysis (i.e., to answer “what if?”) as well as co-evolution of scientific and public knowledge. However, the majority of researchers developing web apps receive little formal training or technical guidance on how to develop and evaluate the effectiveness of their web-based decision support tools. Take some of us for example. We (Saia and Nelson) are agricultural and environmental engineers with little experience in web app development, but we are interested in creating web apps to support sustainable aquaculture production in the Southeast. We had user (i.e., shellfish growers) interest, a goal in mind (i.e., develop a new forecast product and decision-support tool for shellfish aquaculturalists), and received funding to support this work. Yet, we experienced several unexpected hurdles from the start of our project that ended up being fairly common hiccups to the seasoned web app developers among us (Young, Parham). As a result, we share the following Ten Simple Rules, which highlight take home messages, including lessons learned and practical tips, of our experience as burgeoning web app developers. We hope researchers interested in developing web apps draw insights from our (in)experience as they set out on their decision support tool development journey.
When does faulting-induced subsidence drive distributary network reorganization?
Authors: Moodie Andrew , Passalacqua Paola
Published: July 2021

Deltas exhibit spatially and temporally variable subsidence, including vertical displacement due to movement along fault planes. Faulting-induced subsidence perturbs delta-surface gradients, potentially causing distributary networks to shift sediment dispersal within the landscape. Sediment dispersal restricted to part of the landscape could hinder billion-dollar investments aiming to restore delta land, making faulting-induced subsidence a significant, yet unconstrained hazard to these projects. In this study, we modeled a range of displacement events in disparate deltaic environments, and observe that a channelized connection with the displaced area determines whether a distributary network reorganizes. When this connection exists, the magnitude of distributary network reorganization is predicted by a ratio relating dimensions of faulting-induced subsidence and channel geometry. We use this ratio to extend results to real-world deltas and assess hazards to deltaic-land building projects.
Sandstone body character, river styles, and geomorphology of the lower Eocene Willwood Formation, Bighorn Basin, Wyoming, USA
Authors: WANG Youwei , Baars Timothy , Sahoo Hiranya , Storms Joep , Martinius Allard , Gingerich Philip , Abels Hemmo
Published: July 2021

The lower Eocene Willwood Formation of the Bighorn Basin, Wyoming, USA, is an alluvial succession with a sand content varying around 25%. It has been studied intensively for palaeontology, palaeoenvironments and palaeoclimates, as well as sedimentological and stratigraphic analysis. Channel dynamics were studied at a relatively low resolution throughout the basin over the geological time from late Palaeocene to early Eocene. Here, a high-resolution study is reported to complement previous research at the basin scale. Efforts are made to document the characteristics and river planform styles of most sandstone bodies encountered through ca 300 m of alluvial stratigraphy in a 10 km2 area of the Deer Creek part of the McCullough Peaks area situated in the basin axis of northern Bighorn Basin. Four channel facies associations are recognized and ascribed to four river planform styles: crevasse channel, trunk channel, braided-like channel and sinuous-like channel, with the latter two types dominant. Braided-like and sinuous-like channel sandstone bodies differ significantly in thicknesses, being on average 6.1 m versus 9.0 m, but they have similar palaeoflow–perpendicular widths of on average 231 m and palaeoflow directions of on average N 003°. Braided-like and sinuous-like river planform styles show no spatial dependency in the 10 km2 study area. Results of this study are in line with existing basin-scale depositional models that are composed of a single axial system fed by several transverse systems dominantly from the west. The feeding of these systems could be influenced by palaeoclimate changes possibly controlling their contribution over time, thereby impacting river planform styles. At the same time, changing water discharge hydrograph, sediment load, and overbank cohesiveness may have equally driven the observed river planform style changes within the basin without a major role of catchments.
Developing a long-term high-resolution winter fog climatology over south Asia using satellite observations from 2002 to 2020
Authors: Singh Manoj , GAUTAM RITESH
Published: July 2021

The vast Indo-Gangetic Plains (IGP) south of the Himalaya are subject to dense fog every year during winter months (December-January), severely disrupting rail, air and public transport of millions of people living in northern India, Pakistan, Nepal and Bangladesh. Air pollution combined with high moisture availability in the shallow boundary layer, are important factors affecting the persistence and widespread nature of fog over the IGP. Despite the environmental significance and impacts on the public at-large, an in depth understanding of the long-term spatial-temporal distribution of the south Asian fog, is presently not available in the literature. We utilize infrared remote sensing techniques to develop a high-resolution (≈1 km x 1 km) fog detection climatology over the past two decades (2002 – 2020), using Aqua/MODIS satellite observations. A dynamic brightness temperature difference threshold (involving 3.96 μm and 11.03 μm bands) for nighttime fog detection is constructed based on systematic radiative transfer simulations involving cloud effective radius, cloud top height, cloud optical depth and satellite viewing geometry. Our satellite-based fog detection is consistent with theoretical simulations of fog characterization and is also found to be well-correlated with near-surface visibility observations of dense fog (r = 0.87, p-value << 0.01). We also provide satellite-derived nighttime estimates of fog/low-cloud effective radius which is in general agreement with the operational daytime MODIS cloud data product and limited in situ observations. In terms of fog frequency, the IGP is relatively uniformly covered by widespread fog occurrences with the largest frequency found in the low-lying Terai region, bordering India and Nepal, which is also consistently observed in our daytime fog detection results over the last two decades. Additionally, the interannual variations in fog occurrences track closely with that of relative humidity in the IGP, which is associated with shallow boundary layer conditions during winter-time favoring the formation and persistence of fog. Overall, these long-term satellite-derived results present new high-resolution data and insights into the dense and often intense winter fog occurrences which routinely engulf the entire stretch of the Indo-Gangetic Plains and cause significant degradation to ground visibility in one of the world’s most densely populated regions.
ANOVA for Some Non-Normal Data by Inverting Reliability Estimators
Authors: Foster Robert
Published: July 2021

Standard analysis of variance assumes observations are normally distributed within groups. This paper develops some analysis of variance tests for data which are Bernoulli, Poisson, exponential, or geometric distributed within groups. The tests are shown in Table 1. For natural exponential family data with conjugate priors for the distribution of means, reliability estimators directly estimate the posterior shrinkage. Using the linear posterior expectation induced by conjugate prior, a method is developed to construct an analysis of variance test by determining an appropriate transformation of a reliability estimator. The sampling distribution of the transformed reliability estimator under the assumption of group mean equality is derived to construct an appropriate test statistic. This method is used to invert the generalized KR21 estimators of Foster (2021) for some non-normal data, and it is also shown that the standard analysis of variance F-test statistic can be transformed into a consistent reliability estimator under the same assumptions. A limited simulation study shows that the inverted KR21 test has, in some scenarios, higher power than a standard analysis of variance or a generalized linear model analysis of variance.
Children’s concern for equity and ownership in contexts of individual-based and group-based inequality
Authors: Echelbarger Margaret , Roberts Steven , Gelman Susan A.
Published: July 2021

All societies have resource inequality, wherein some possess more resources than others. How should one respond to such inequality? We tested how children 4-13 years (N = 298) balance concerns about equity and ownership rights, when the two are at odds, in both individual (Study 1) and group (Study 2) contexts. Across these studies, children evaluated individuals who consumed their own or another’s resources, and who themselves had similar or differing amounts of resources, which provided a comprehensive examination of children’s competing concerns for ownership rights and equity. Overall, children evaluated the poor consuming resources of the rich as more acceptable than the rich consuming resources from the poor, suggesting that attention to redistributive justice is heightened in group-based contexts.
Harnessing temperament to elucidate the complexities of serotonin function
Authors: Kanen Jonathan W. , Robbins Trevor William , Trofimova Irina N.
Published: July 2021

This review highlights the utility of using concepts of consistent behavioural patterns (CBPs) (temperament in healthy individuals; and psychopathology of mental illness) in conjunction with situational contextuality. We also point to multiple roles of central serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine, 5-HT) as a biomarker of CBPs. We use empirical demonstrations of the complex and trait-dependent effects of manipulating 5-HT via acute dietary tryptophan depletion (ATD) to highlight the relevance of these constructs in the neurochemical control of behaviour. Neurochemical and temperament trait interactions, for example, 5-HT and empathy, psychopathy, neuroticism, impulsivity, and hyperthymia are postulated to underlie this complexity.
I Wanna Hold Your Hand: Handholding is Subjectively Preferred to Stroking in Acute Emotion Regulation
Authors: Sened Haran , Levin Chen , Shehab Manar , Eisenberger Naomi I. , Shamay-Tsoory Simone
Published: July 2021

Social touch is an important form of interpersonal emotion regulation. Existing models illustrate that both the toucher and the person being touched should sense each other to provide mutual feedback. We tested the importance of this mutuality using two well-studied types of touch: handholding and stroking (specifically of skin with C-tactile afferents, i.e. C-touch). We hypothesized that to regulate acute emotions, participants would prefer handholding, which allows for better two-way tactile communication than stroking. In four pre-registered studies (total N=287), participants rated handholding and stroking as emotion regulation methods. We examined touch preference in hypothetical emotional and physical situations (Studies 1-2), in hypothetical injection situations using participants with blood/injection phobia (Study 3), and during recalled childbirth situations (Study 4). In all studies, participants preferred handholding over stroking. This was especially evident in Studies 1-3 in emotionally intense situations. These results demonstrate the importance of two-way sensory communication for consoling touch.
Implicit attitudes matter for social judgments of others’ preference, but do not make those judgments more or less accurate
Authors: Lees Jeffrey Martin
Published: July 2021

Drawing from a large dataset of responses to implicit and explicit attitude measures and social judgments of others’ preferences (N = 97,176) across 95 distinct attitude domains, this Registered Report utilized a componential analysis of judgment accuracy to examine whether implicit attitudes affected the accuracy of social judgment. I found evidence that judgments of the population’s preferences were associated with the population’s true implicit (but not explicit) attitudes, and that individuals projected their implicit attitudes in addition to the projection of explicit attitudes when judging the population’s true preferences. However, I found no evidence that stronger or weaker implicit attitudes were uniquely associated with greater or less accuracy in judging the population’s true preferences. These results provide generalizable evidence that implicit attitudes matter greatly for social judgment accuracy in distinct and nuanced ways.
Serpent Handling: Toward a Cognitive Account-honoring the scholarship of Ralph W
Authors: Coleman Thomas Joseph , Silver Christopher , Jong Jonathan
Published: July 2021

The ritual handling of serpents remains an unnoticed cultural form for the explanatory aims and theoretical insights desired by cognitive scientists of religion. In the current article, we introduce the Hood and Williams archives at The University of Tennessee at Chattanooga that contains data culled from Hood’s 40-plus year career of studying serpent handlers. The archives contain hundreds of hours of interviews and recordings of speaking in tongues, handling fire, drinking poison, and taking up serpents by different congregants and congregations. The archive remains a rich but untapped source of data for building, testing, and refining cognitive theories of ritual in general,and serpent handling in specific. We connect Hood’s work to current cognitive theories and engage critically with research on the social functions of ritual. Finally, we discuss several further reasons to pay more attention to SHS communities and practices in cognitive theories of ritual.
Not So Fast! Response Times in the Computerized Benton Face Recognition Test May Not Reflect Face Recognition Ability
Authors: DeGutis Joseph , Li Xian , Yosef Bar , Mishra Maruti V
Published: July 2021

Response times (RTs) are commonly used to assess cognitive abilities and have more recently been employed to assess face recognition ability. However, it is unclear whether face processing RTs predict recognition ability beyond accuracy. In the current study, we examined accuracy and RT on a widely used face matching assessment modified to collect meaningful RT data, the computerized Benton Facial Recognition Test (BFRT-c), and measured whether RTs predicted face recognition ability and developmental prosopagnosia (DP) vs. control group membership. 62 controls and 36 DPs performed the BFRT-c as well as validated measures of face recognition ability: the Cambridge Face Memory Test (CFMT) and a Famous Faces Memory Test (FFMT). We found little-to-no association between BFRT-c accuracy and RT in both controls (r=.07, p=.59) and DPs (r=.03, p=.86). In controls, BFRT-c accuracy robustly predicted CFMT performance (r=.49, p<.001), FFMT performance (r=.43, p<.001), and a CFMT-FFMT composite (r=.54, p<.001), whereas BFRT-c RT was not significantly associated with these measures (all r's<.16, p's>.21). We found that BFRT-c accuracy significantly differed between DPs and controls, but RT failed to differentiate the groups. Results in controls and DPs were unchanged after outlier removal. Further, combined scores of BFRT-c accuracy and RT (inverse efficiency score and balanced integration score) did not predict face recognition ability or DP vs. control group membership better than accuracy alone. These results suggest that the BFRT-c RT is not useful for characterizing individual differences in face recognition and, more generally, emphasizes the importance of validating RT measures before using them as individual difference/diagnostic measures.
Seizing the Opportunity: Lifespan Differences in the Effects of the Opportunity Cost of Time on Cognitive Control
Authors: Devine Sean , Neumann Cassandra , Otto A. Ross , Bolenz Florian , Reiter Andrea M.F. , Eppinger Ben
Published: July 2021

Previous work suggests that lifespan developmental differences in cognitive control reflect maturational and aging-related changes in prefrontal cortex functioning. However, complementary explanations exist: It could be that children and older adults differ from younger adults in how they balance the effort of engaging in control against its potential benefits. Here we test whether the degree of cognitive effort expenditure depends on the opportunity cost of time (average reward rate per unit time): if the average reward rate is high, participants should withhold cognitive effort whereas if it is low, they should invest more. In Experiment 1, we examine this hypothesis in children, adolescents, younger, and older adults, by applying a reward rate manipulation in two cognitive control tasks: a modified Erikson Flanker and a task-switching paradigm. We found that young adults and adolescents reflexively withheld effort when the opportunity cost of time was high, whereas older adults and, to a lesser degree children, invested more resources to accumulate reward as quickly as possible. We tentatively interpret these results in terms of age- and task-specific differences in the processing of the opportunity cost of time. We qualify our findings in a second experiment in younger adults in which we address an alternative explanation of our results and show that the observed age differences in effort expenditure may not result from differences in task difficulty. To conclude, we think that our results present an interesting first step at relating opportunity costs to motivational processes across the lifespan. We frame the implications of further work in this area within a recent developmental model of resource-rationality, which points to developmental sweet spots in cognitive control.
Social Media Use and its Impact on Adolescent Mental Health: An Umbrella Review of the Evidence
Authors: Valkenburg Patti M. , Meier Adrian , Beyens Ine
Published: July 2021

Literature reviews on how social media use affects adolescent mental health have accumulated at an unprecedented rate of late. Yet, a higher-level integration of the evidence is still lacking. We fill this gap with an up-to-date umbrella review, a review of reviews published between 2019 and mid 2021. Our search yielded 25 reviews: seven meta-analyses, nine systematic, and nine narrative reviews. Results showed that most reviews interpreted the associations between social media use and mental health as “weak” or “inconsistent,” whereas a few qualified the same associations as “substantial” and “deleterious.” We summarize the gaps identified in the reviews, provide an explanation for their diverging interpretations, and suggest several avenues for future research.
Viral infections and saliva as a potential diagnostic tool
Authors: Osadolor OO , Osadolor AJ , Osadolor OO
Published: July 2021

No abstract available.
Novel drug for COVID-19: Virafin a therapeutic breakthrough
Authors: Robinson J , Banerjee I , Roy B , Leclézio A
Published: July 2021

Background: Pegylated Interferon Alpha-2b is synthesized via the use of PEG (polyethylene glycol). It is formulated via attaching a 12kDa mono methoxy polyethylene glycol moiety to the recombinant human Interferon Alpha-2b protein. Pegylated Interferon Alpha-2b acts via binding to the (JAK/STAT) Janus kinase signal transducer and activator of the transcription interferon receptor. The Pegylated Interferon Alpha-2b /Virafin binds to the (IFNAR1/2) alpha interferon receptor 1 and 2. Pegylated Interferon Alpha-2b better known as Virafin has been approved by the Drugs Controller General of India. This therapeutic agent is currently under a multicentric phase 3 trial with very promising results being reported. A single subcutaneous dose of Virafin has been shown to decrease the need for oxygen therapy in patients. This reduction in the need for oxygen therapy is a vital factor needed to provide relief to the Indian medical system in light of the recent oxygen shortages faced due to India’s worst wave of COVID-19 cases since the onset of the global pandemic. Pegylated Interferon Alpha-2b/ Virafin confers enhanced viral clearance and bolsters the immune response to induce a quicker recovery in patients with mild to moderate symptoms.

Conclusion: It is of paramount importance that further research on Virafin is undertaken as it can hinder the progression of COVID-19, reduce pressure on the inundated health systems, and save countless lives.