bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The influence of environmental temperatures on farrowing rates and litter sizes in South African pig breeding units
Authors: Janse van Rensburg Leana , Spencer Brian T.
Published: November 2014

The reproductive performance of pigs is one of the main determinants of the profit farmers make from pig production. This study was undertaken to describe whether periods of high environmental temperature have an effect on the farrowing rate, litter sizes and number of stillbirths in commercial breeding units in South Africa. Data were collected weekly from four commercial breeding units with good records from December 2010 to August 2012. These data included the number of sows mated, number of sows farrowed and number of piglets born alive, as well as the number of stillbirths. Note was also taken of whether environmental temperature control mechanisms were employed. Temperature data from weather stations within 100 km of the breeding units were obtained from the South African Weather Service. In all breeding units a decrease in farrowing rate following mating during severe average temperatures (> 30 °C) when compared to the farrowing rate following mating during mild average temperatures (< 22 °C) was observed. When mating occurred at higher temperatures, the resultant litter size was marginally decreased in the breeding units that did not employ environmental temperature control, but was unaffected in the breeding units that did. In all four breeding units the trend was for the average number of piglets born alive to increase as the environmental temperature around the time of farrowing increased and the trend in three of the four breeding units was for the percentage of stillbirths per litter to decrease with increased temperature around the time of farrowing. The most significant observation in this study was the trend for farrowing rates to decrease following inseminations during times of high ambient temperatures (> 30 °C). Environmental temperature control did not negate this effect, but the breeding units employing the environmental temperature control did show higher average farrowing rates overall.
Perioperative complications in endovascular neurosurgery: Anesthesiologist's perspective
Authors: Sharma Megha , Ganjoo Pragati , Singh Daljit , Tandon Monica , Agarwal Jyotsna , Sharma Durga , Jagetia Anita
Published: November 2014

Background: Endovascular neurosurgery is known to be associated with potentially serious perioperative complications that can impact the course and outcome of anesthesia. We present here our institutional experience in the anesthetic management of various endovascular neurosurgical procedures and their related complications over a 10-year period. Methods: Data was obtained in 240 patients pertaining to their preoperative status, details of anesthesia and surgery, perioperative course and surgery-related complications. Information regarding hemodynamic alterations, temperature variability, fluid-electrolyte imbalance, coagulation abnormalities and alterations in the anesthesia course was specifically noted. Results: Among the important complications observed were aneurysm rupture (2.5%), vasospasm (6.67%), thromboembolism (4.16%), contrast reactions, hemodynamic alterations, electrolyte abnormalities, hypothermia, delayed emergence from anesthesia, groin hematomas and early postoperative mortality (5.14%). Conclusion: Awareness of the unique challenges of endovascular neurosurgery and prompt and appropriate management of the associated complications by an experienced neuroanesthesiologist is vital to the outcome of these procedures.
An interesting case of wrongly diagnosed optic neuritis
Authors: Tandon Vivek , Garg Kanwaljeet , Mahapatra Ashok
Published: November 2014

Optic neuritis (ON) may rarely mimic optic nerve tumor, index of suspicion should be kept high. A 34-year-old woman presented to a major academic institute with a history of right-sided ocular pain and progressive visual loss in the same eye. Her magnetic resonance imaging showed markedly thickened optic nerve; her workup for inflammatory pathology was negative; she was diagnosed as a case of optic nerve tumor and was planned for surgery. Patient for second opinion came to a tertiary care institute where on proper history taking and evaluation she was diagnosed and treated on the lines of ON and she improved. The diagnosis of ON is a clinical one, it may mimic optic nerve tumor in rare cases.
Cerebrospinal fluid dynamics study in communicating hydrocephalus
Authors: Ramesh Vengalathur , Narasimhan Vidhya , Balasubramanian Chandramouli
Published: November 2014

Context: Communicating hydrocephalus often poses a challenge in diagnosis and management decisions. Aims: The objective of this study is to measure the opening pressure (Po), pressure volume index (PVI), and cerebrospinal fluid outflow resistance (Rout), in patients with communicating hydrocephalus using bolus lumbar injection method and to evaluate its diagnostic and prognostic value. Materials and Methods: The study was conducted in 50 patients with communicating hydrocephalus, including normal pressure hydrocephalus (NPH) (19), post-meningitic hydrocephalus (23) and post-traumatic hydrocephalus (8). An improvised bolus lumbar injection method [the Madras Institute of Neurology (MIN) method] was used. Results: In the NPH Group, the CSF dynamics studies correlated well with the clinico-radiological classification. The prediction of shunt responsiveness by CSF dynamics studies correlated with good outcome in 87.5%. In the post-meningitic hydrocephalus group, the value of CSF dynamics studies in predicting patients needing shunt was 89.5%. The CSF dynamics studies detected patients who needed shunt earlier than clinical or radiological indications. In the post-traumatic hydrocephalus group, 62.5% of patients improved with the treatment based on CSF dynamics studies. Conclusions: The improvised bolus lumbar injection method (MIN method) is a very simple test with fairly reliable and reproducible results. Study of CSF dynamics is a valuable tool in communicating hydrocephalus for confirmation of diagnosis and predicting shunt responsiveness. This is the first time that the value of CSF dynamics has been studied in patients with post-meningitic hydrocephalus. It was also useful for early selection of cases for shunting and for identifying patients with atrophic ventriculomegaly, thereby avoiding unnecessary shunt.
Clival giant cell tumor - A rare case report and review of literature with respect to current line of management
Authors: Patibandla Mohana , Thotakura Amit , Rao Marabathina , Addagada Gokul , Nukavarapu Manisha , Panigrahi Manas , Uppin Shantiveer , Challa Sundaram , Dandamudi Srinivas
Published: November 2014

Giant-cell tumor (GCT) involving the skull base is rare. Sphenoid bone is the most commonly involved bone followed by petrous temporal bone. Histopathology and radiological features of these lesions are similar to GCT involving bone elsewhere. Unlike other sites, skull base is not an ideal site for the radical surgery. Hence adjuvant treatment has pivotal role. Radiation therapy with intensity-modulated radiation therapy, stereotactic radiosurgery or chemotherapy with adriamycin are promising as described in some case reports. Bisphosphonates showed good control in local recurrence. In vitro studies with Zolendronate loaded bone cement and phase 2 trials of Denosumab showed hopeful results, may be useful in future.
Cavernous malformation of the optic chiasm: Neuro-endoscopic removal
Authors: Venkataramana N , Rao Shailesh , Arun L , Krishna C
Published: November 2014

Cavernous malformations (CMs) arising from the optic nerve and chiasm are extremely rare. In large autopsy series, CMs were estimated to range from 0.02 to 0.13% in the general population. However, with introduction of MRI, these lesions were found more often than previously thought, ranging from 0.2% to 0.4%. Only 29 cases have been reported according to our knowledge. Most patients present with drop in visual acuity and visual field. Although MRI findings of cavernous malformations have been reported, they may not be diagnostic enough. Among the 29 reported, 16 underwent total resection with good results. In some, resection was complicated by damage to the surrounding neural tissue. Surgical removal is the recommended treatment to restore or preserve vision and to eliminate the risk of future hemorrhage. However, the anatomical location and eloquence of nearby neural structures can make these lesions difficult to access and remove. CMs appear to occur in every age group (range 4 months to 84 years mean-34.6 years) ith an approximately equal male to female ratio. They typically present with chiasmal apoplexy, characterized by sudden visual loss, acute headaches, retro orbital pain, and nausea
Baastrup's disease in the pediatric spine
Authors: Singh Suryapratap
Published: November 2014

Baastrup's disease is an uncommon entity in the elderly spine and it is very rare in the pediatric age group. There are only few case reports in the literature containing Baastrup's disease in pediatric spine. Baastrup's disease is also known as kissing spine because the posterior spinous processes touch or “kiss” one another, characterized by enlarged posterior spinous projections with normal neuroforamina and normal spinal disk height. There are various pathological and etiological hypotheses behind Baastrup's disease. Backache is one of the most common causes of morbidity in these patients and but sometimes patient can be asymptomatic with or without swelling on the back. Here, we present a case of 10-year-old female child with silent swelling on low back region diagnose as Baastrup's disease.
Brainstem epidermoid cyst: An update
Authors: Patibandla M , Yerramneni Vamsi , Mudumba Vijaya , Manisha Nukavarapu , Addagada Gokul
Published: November 2014

The incidence of epidermoid tumors is between 1% and 2% of all intracranial tumors. The usual locations of epidermoid tumor are the parasellar region and cerebellopontine angle, and it is less commonly located in sylvian fissure, suprasellar region, cerebral and cerebellar hemispheres, and lateral and fourth ventricles. Epidermoid cysts located in the posterior fossa usually arise in the lateral subarachnoid cisterns, and those located in the brain stem are rare. These epidermoids contain cheesy and flaky white soft putty like contents. Epidermoid cysts are very slow growing tumors having a similar growth pattern of the epidermal cells of the skin and develop from remnants of epidermal elements during closure of the neural groove and disjunction of the surface ectoderm with neural ectoderm between the third and fifth weeks of embryonic life. We are presenting an interesting case of intrinsic brainstem epidermoid cyst containing milky white liquefied material with flakes in a 5-year-old girl. Diffusion-weighted imaging is definitive for the diagnosis. Ideal treatment of choice is removal of cystic components with complete resection of capsule. Although radical resection will prevent recurrence, in view of very thin firmly adherent capsule to brainstem, it is not always possible to do complete resection of capsule without any neurological deficits.
Cardiac Sarcoidosis: Clinical Manifestations, Imaging Characteristics, and Therapeutic Approach
Authors: Houston Brian A. , Mukherjee Monica
Published: November 2014

Sarcoidosis is a multi-system disease pathologically characterized by the accumulation of T-lymphocytes and mononuclear phagocytes into the sine qua non pathologic structure of the noncaseating granuloma. Cardiac involvement remains a key source of morbidity and mortality in sarcoidosis. Definitive diagnosis of cardiac sarcoidosis, particularly early enough in the disease course to provide maximal therapeutic impact, has proven a particularly difficult challenge. However, major advancements in imaging techniques have been made in the last decade. Advancements in imaging modalities including echocardiography, nuclear spectroscopy, positron emission tomography, and magnetic resonance imaging all have improved our ability to diagnose cardiac sarcoidosis, and in many cases to provide a more accurate prognosis and thus targeted therapy. Likewise, therapy for cardiac sarcoidosis is beginning to advance past a “steroids-only” approach, as novel immunosuppressant agents provide effective steroid-sparing options. The following focused review will provide a brief discussion of the epidemiology and clinical presentation of cardiac sarcoidosis followed by a discussion of up-to-date imaging modalities employed in its assessment and therapeutic approaches.
Article Commentary: The Management of Pediatric Polytrauma: Review
Authors: Mevius H. , van Dijk M. , Numanoglu A. , van As A.B.
Published: November 2014

Polytrauma is a major cause of mortality and morbidity in both developed and developing countries. The primary goal of this review is to provide a comprehensive overview on current knowledge in the management of pediatric polytrauma patients (PPPs). A database review was conducted based on a search in the Embase, Medline OVID-SP, Web of Science, Cochrane central, and Pubmed databases. Only studies with “paediatric population” and “polytrauma” as criteria were included. A total of 3310 citations were retrieved. Of these, 3271 were excluded after screening, based on title and abstract. The full texts of 39 articles were assessed; further selection left 25 articles to be included in this review. The most crucial point in the management of PPPs is preparedness of the staff and an emergency room furnished with age-appropriate drugs and equipment combined with a systemic approach.
Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Graded Skeletal Muscle Injury in Live Rats
Authors: Cutlip Robert G. , Hollander Melinda S. , Johnson G. Allan , Johnson Brice W. , Friend Sherri A. , Baker Brent A.
Published: November 2014

Introduction

Increasing number of stretch-shortening contractions (SSCs) results in increased muscle injury.

Methods

Fischer Hybrid rats were acutely exposed to an increasing number of SSCs in vivo using a custom-designed dynamometer. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) imaging was conducted 72 hours after exposure when rats were infused with Prohance and imaged using a 7T rodent MRI system (GE Epic 12.0). Images were acquired in the transverse plane with typically 60 total slices acquired covering the entire length of the hind legs. Rats were euthanized after MRI, the lower limbs removed, and tibialis anterior muscles were prepared for histology and quantified stereology.

Results

Stereological analyses showed myofiber degeneration, and cellular infiltrates significantly increased following 70 and 150 SSC exposure compared to controls. MRI images revealed that the percent affected area significantly increased with exposure in all SSC groups in a graded fashion. Signal intensity also significantly increased with increasing SSC repetitions.

Discussion

These results suggest that contrast-enhanced MRI has the sensitivity to differentiate specific degrees of skeletal muscle strain injury, and imaging data are specifically representative of cellular histopathology quantified via stereological analyses.
Variation for the Riesz transform and uniform rectifiability
Authors: Mas Albert , Tolsa Xavier
Published: November 2014

For

1 ≤ n < d

integers and

\rho >2

, we prove that an

n

-dimensional Ahlfors–David regular measure

\mu

in

\mathbb R^d

is uniformly

n

-rectifiable if and only if the

\rho

-variation for the Riesz transform with respect to

\mu

is a bounded operator in

L^2(\mu)

. This result can be considered as a partial solution to a well known open problem posed by G. David and S. Semmes which relates the

L^2(\mu)

boundedness of the Riesz transform to the uniform rectifiability of

\mu

.
Global solutions of quasilinear systems of Klein–Gordon equations in 3D
Authors: Ionescu Alexandru D. , Pausader Benoît
Published: November 2014

We prove small data global existence and scattering for quasilinear systems of Klein-Gordon equations with different speeds, in dimension three. As an application, we obtain a robust global stability result for the Euler-Maxwell equations for electrons.
Observability inequalities and measurable sets
Authors: Apraiz Jone , Escauriaza Luis , Wang Gengsheng , Zhang C.
Published: November 2014

This paper presents two observability inequalities for the heat equation over

\Omega\times (0,T)

. In the first one, the observation is from a subset of positive measure in

\Omega\times (0,T)

, while in the second, the observation is from a subset of positive surface measure on

\partial\Omega\times (0,T)

. It also proves the Lebeau-Robbiano spectral inequality when

\Omega

is a bounded Lipschitz and locally star-shaped domain. Some applications for the above-mentioned observability inequalities are provided.
Hofer–Zehnder capacity of unit disk cotangent bundles and the loop product
Authors: Irie Kei
Published: November 2014

We prove a new finiteness result for the Hofer–Zehnder capacity of certain unit disk cotangent bundles. It is proved by a computation of the pair-of-pants product on Floer homology of cotangent bundles, combined with the theory of spectral invariants. The computation of the pair-of-pants product is reduced to a simple key computation of the Chas–Sullivan loop product.
A fractional Gehring lemma, with applications to nonlocal equations
Authors: Kuusi Tuomo , Mingione Giuseppe , Sire Yannick
Published: November 2014

We describe a fractional version of the classical Gehring lemma. As a consequence, new self-improving regularity properties of solutions to integrodi¤erential equations emerge.
The supercritical Lane–Emden equation and its gradient flow
Authors: Struwe Michael
Published: November 2014

The following text is a summary of the author’s talk at the conference on "Nonlinear problems with singular data" at the Accademia dei Lincei, Rome, Novemver 26, 2013.
Heat and mass transfer by convection in multicomponent Navier–Stokes mixtures: absence of subcritical instabilities and global nonlinear stability via the Auxiliary System Method
Authors: Rionero Salvatore
Published: November 2014

Because of its great geophysical relevance (engineering geology, volcanism, subsurface fluid motions,...) and the frequent applications (industrial processes, crystal growth, thermal engineering, air and water pollution,...) in the past as nowadays, the heat and mass transfer by convection in horizontal layers has attracted the attention of many scientists. In the present paper, this problem is investigated in the general case of a horizontal layer L - filled by a Navier-Stokes multicomponent fluid mixture - heated from below and salted (partly from below and partly from above) by

m\in\mathbb N

salts

S_1,S_2,..., S_m

. Generalizing the Auxiliary System Method (AS Method), recently introduced for the Darcy fluid mixtures in porous layers [32]-[34], it is shown that: i) for each Fourier component of the perturbation fields there exists an own nonlinear evolution system (auxiliary system); ii) via the auxiliary system, a linearization principle can be obtained; iii) the absence of subcritical instabilities and the property of the linear stability conditions to guarantee also the global nonlinear

L^2-

stability hold; iv) the Routh-Hurwitz stability conditions are characterized

\forall m\in\mathbb N

and handled for

m\leq 2

; v) the looking for hidden symmetries and skew-symmetries allows to guarantee - via simple algebraic conditions in closed form - the global nonlinear stability.
Cirrus and water vapour transport in the tropical tropopause layer – Part 2: Roles of ice nucleation and sedimentation, cloud dynamics, and moisture conditions
Authors: Dinh T. , Fueglistaler S. , Durran D. , Ackerman T.
Published: November 2014

Abstract. A high-resolution, two-dimensional numerical model is used to study the moisture redistribution following homogeneous ice nucleation induced by Kelvin waves in the tropical tropopause layer (TTL). We compare results for dry/moist initial conditions and three levels of complexity for the representation of cloud processes: complete microphysics and cloud radiative effects, likewise but without radiative effects, and instantaneous removal of moisture in excess of saturation upon nucleation. Cloud evolution and moisture redistribution are found to be sensitive to initial conditions and cloud processes. Ice sedimentation leads to a downward flux of water, whereas the cloud radiative heating induces upward advection of the cloudy air. The latter results in an upward (downward) flux of water vapour if the cloudy air is moister (drier) than the environment, which is typically when the environment is subsaturated (supersaturated). Only a fraction (~25% or less) of the cloud experiences nucleation. Post-nucleation processes (ice depositional growth, sedimentation, and sublimation) are important to cloud morphology, and both dehydrated and hydrated layers may be indicators of TTL cirrus occurrence. The calculation with instantaneous removal of moisture not only misses the hydration but also underestimates dehydration due to (i) nucleation before reaching the minimum saturation mixing ratio, and (ii) lack of moisture removal from sedimenting ice particles below the nucleation level. The sensitivity to initial conditions and cloud processes suggests that it is difficult to reach generic, quantitative estimates of cloud-induced moisture redistribution on the basis of case-by-case calculations.
Complex chemical composition of colored surface films formed from reactions of propanal in sulfuric acid at upper troposphere/lower stratosphere aerosol acidities
Authors: Van Wyngarden A. L. , Pérez-Montaño S. , H. Bui J. V. , Li E. S. W. , Nelson T. E. , Ha K. T. , Leong L. , Iraci L. T.
Published: November 2014

Abstract. Particles in the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere (UT/LS) consist mostly of concentrated sulfuric acid (40–80 wt %) in water. However, airborne measurements have shown that these particles also contain a significant fraction of organic compounds of unknown chemical composition. Acid-catalyzed reactions of carbonyl species are believed to be responsible for significant transfer of gas phase organic species into tropospheric aerosols and are potentially more important at the high acidities characteristic of UT/LS particles. In this study, experiments combining sulfuric acid (H2SO4) with propanal and with mixtures of propanal with glyoxal and/or methylglyoxal at acidities typical of UT/LS aerosols produced highly colored surface films (and solutions) that may have implications for aerosol properties. In order to identify the chemical processes responsible for the formation of the surface films, Attenuated Total Reflectance–Fourier Transform Infrared and 1H Nuclear Magnetic Resonance spectroscopies were used to analyze the chemical composition of the films. Films formed from propanal were a complex mixture of aldol condensation products, acetals and propanal itself. The major aldol condensation products were the dimer (2-methyl-2-pentenal) and 1,3,5-trimethylbenzene, which was formed by cyclization of the linear aldol condensation trimer. Additionally, the strong visible absorption of the films indicates that higher order aldol condensation products must also be present as minor species. The major acetal species were 2,4,6-triethyl-1,3,5-trioxane and longer-chain linear polyacetals which are likely to separate from the aqueous phase. Films formed on mixtures of propanal with glyoxal and/or methylglyoxal also showed evidence for products of cross-reactions. Since cross-reactions would be more likely than self-reactions under atmospheric conditions, similar reactions of aldehydes like propanal with common aerosol organic species like glyoxal and methylglyoxal have the potential to produce significant organic aerosol mass and therefore could potentially impact chemical, optical and/or cloud-forming properties of aerosols, especially if the products partition to the aerosol surface.
Long-term (2001–2012) fine particulate matter (PM2.5) and the impact on human health in Beijing, China
Authors: Zheng S. , Pozzer A. , Cao C. X. , Lelieveld J.
Published: November 2014

Abstract. Beijing, the capital of China, is a densely populated city with poor air quality. The impact of high pollutant concentrations, in particular of aerosol particles, on human health is of major concern. The present study uses Aerosol Optical Depth (AOD) as proxy to estimate long-term PM2.5, and subsequently estimates the premature mortality due to PM2.5. We use the AOD from 2001 to 2012 from the Aerosol Robotic Network (AERONET) site in Beijing and the ground-based PM2.5 observations from the US embassy in Beijing from 2010 to 2011, to establish a relationship between PM2.5 and AOD. By including the atmospheric boundary layer height and relative humidity in the comparative analysis, the correlation (R2) increases from 0.28 to 0.62. We evaluate 12 years of PM2.5 data for the Beijing central area using an estimated linear relationship with AOD, and calculate the yearly premature mortality by different diseases attributable to PM2.5. The estimated average total mortality due to PM2.5 is about 6100 individuals yr−1 for the period 2001–2012 in the Beijing central area, and for the period 2010–2012 the per capita mortality for all ages due to PM2.5 is around 17.9 per 10 000 person-year, which underscores the urgent need for air pollution abatement.
Long-term real-time chemical characterization of submicron aerosols at Montsec (Southern Pyrenees, 1570 m a.s.l.)
Authors: Ripoll A. , Minguillón M. C. , Pey J. , Jimenez J. L. , Day D. A. , Querol X. , Alastuey A.
Published: November 2014

Abstract. Real-time measurements of inorganic (sulfate, nitrate, ammonium, chloride and black carbon (BC)) and organic submicron aerosols from a continental background site (Montsec, MSC, 1570 m a.s.l.) in the Western Mediterranean Basin (WMB) were conducted for 10 months (July 2011–April 2012). An Aerosol Chemical Speciation Monitor (ACSM) was co-located with other on-line and off-line PM1 measurements. Analyses of the hourly, diurnal, and seasonal variations are presented here, for the first time for this region. Seasonal trends in PM1 components are attributed to variations in: evolution of the planetary boundary layer (PBL) height, air mass origin, and meteorological conditions. In summer, the higher temperature and solar radiation increases convection, enhancing the growth of the PBL and the transport of anthropogenic pollutants towards high altitude sites. Furthermore, the regional recirculation of air masses over the WMB creates a continuous increase in the background concentrations of PM1 components and causes the formation of reserve strata at relatively high altitudes. Sporadically, MSC is affected by air masses from North Africa. The combination of all these atmospheric processes at local, regional and continental scales results in a high variability of PM1 components, with poorly defined daily patterns, except for the organic aerosols (OA). OA was mostly oxygenated organic aerosol (OOA), with two different types: semi-volatile (SV-OOA) and low-volatile (LV-OOA), and both showed marked diurnal cycles regardless of the air mass origin, especially SV-OOA. This different diurnal variation compared to inorganic aerosols suggested that OA components at MSC are not only associated with anthropogenic and long-range-transported secondary OA (SOA), but also with recently-produced biogenic SOA. Very different conditions drive the aerosol phenomenology in winter at MSC. The thermal inversions and the lower vertical development of the PBL leave MSC in the free troposphere most of the day, being affected by PBL air masses only after midday, when the mountain breezes transport emissions from the adjacent valleys and plains to the top of the mountain. This results in clear diurnal patterns of both organic and inorganic concentrations. Moreover, in winter sporadic long-range transport from mainland Europe is observed and leads to less marked diurnal patterns. The results obtained in the present study highlight the importance of SOA formation processes at a remote site such as MSC, especially in summer. Additional research is needed to characterize the sources of SOA at remote sites.
Stable carbon isotope biogeochemistry of lakes along a trophic gradient
Authors: de Kluijver A. , Schoon P. L. , Downing J. A. , Schouten S. , Middelburg J. J.
Published: November 2014

Abstract. The stable carbon (C) isotope variability of dissolved inorganic and organic C (DIC and DOC), particulate organic carbon (POC), glucose and polar-lipid derived fatty acids (PLFAs) was studied in a survey of 22 North American oligotrophic to eutrophic lakes. The δ13C of different PLFAs were used as proxy for phytoplankton producers and bacterial consumers. Lake pCO2 was primarily determined by autochthonous production (phytoplankton biomass), especially in eutrophic lakes, and governed the δ13C of DIC. All organic-carbon pools showed overall higher isotopic variability in eutrophic lakes (n = 11) compared to oligo-mesotrophic lakes (n = 11) because of the high variability in δ13C at the base of the food web (both autochthonous and allochthonous carbon). Phytoplankton δ13C was negatively related to lake pCO2 over all lakes and positively related to phytoplankton biomass in eutrophic lakes, which was also reflected in a large range in photosynthetic isotope fractionation (ϵCO2-phyto, 8–25‰). The carbon isotope ratio of allochthonous carbon in oligo-mesotrophic lakes was rather constant, while it varied in eutrophic lakes because of maize cultivation in the watershed.
Complex networks for streamflow dynamics
Authors: Sivakumar B. , Woldemeskel F. M.
Published: November 2014

Abstract. Streamflow modeling is an enormously challenging problem, due to the complex and nonlinear interactions between climate inputs and landscape characteristics over a wide range of spatial and temporal scales. A basic idea in streamflow studies is to establish connections that generally exist, but attempts to identify such connections are largely dictated by the problem at hand and the system components in place. While numerous approaches have been proposed in the literature, our understanding of these connections remains far from adequate. The present study introduces the theory of networks, in particular complex networks, to examine the connections in streamflow dynamics, with a particular focus on spatial connections. Monthly streamflow data observed over a period of 52 years from a large network of 639 monitoring stations in the contiguous US are studied. The connections in this streamflow network are examined primarily using the concept of clustering coefficient, which is a measure of local density and quantifies the network's tendency to cluster. The clustering coefficient analysis is performed with several different threshold levels, which are based on correlations in streamflow data between the stations. The clustering coefficient values of the 639 stations are used to obtain important information about the connections in the network and their extent, similarity, and differences between stations/regions, and the influence of thresholds. The relationship of the clustering coefficient with the number of links/actual links in the network and the number of neighbors is also addressed. The results clearly indicate the usefulness of the network-based approach for examining connections in streamflow, with important implications for interpolation and extrapolation, classification of catchments, and predictions in ungaged basins.
A feasibility study on the influence of the geomorphological feature in identifying the potential landslide hazard
Authors: Baek M. H. , Kim T. H.
Published: November 2014

Abstract. In this study we focused on identifying geomorphological features that control the location of landslides. The representation of these features is based on a high resolution DEM (Digital Elevation Model) derived from airborne laser altimetry (LiDAR) and evaluated by statistical analysis of axial orientation data. The main principle of this analysis is generating eigenvalues from axial orientation data and comparing them. The Planarity, a ratio of eigenvalues, would tell the degree of roughness on ground surface based on their ratios. Results are compared to the recent landslide case in Korea in order to evaluate the feasibility of the proposed methodology in identifying the potential landslide hazard. The preliminary landslide assessment based on the Planarity analysis well discriminates features between stable and unstable domain in the study area especially in the landslide initiation zones. Results also show it is beneficial to build the preliminary landslide hazard especially inventory mapping where none of information on historical records of landslides is existed. By combining other physical procedures such as geotechnical monitoring, the landslide hazard assessment using geomorphological features will promise a better understanding of landslides and their mechanisms, and provide an enhanced methodology to evaluate their hazards and appropriate actions.
Water level oscillations in Monterey Bay and Harbor
Authors: Park J. , Sweet W. , Heitsenrether R.
Published: November 2014

Abstract. Seiches are normal modes of water bodies responding to geophysical forcings with potential to significantly impact ecology and maritime operations. Analysis of high-frequency (1 Hz) water level data in Monterey California identifies Harbor modes between 10 and 120 s that are attributed with specific geographic features. It found that modal amplitude modulation arises from cross-modal interaction and that offshore wave energy is a primary driver of these modes. Synchronous coupling between modes is observed to significantly impact dynamic water levels. At lower frequencies between 15 and 60 min modes are independent of offshore wave energy, yet are continuously present. This is unexpected since seiches normally dissipate after cessation of the driving force, indicating an unknown forcing. Spectral and kinematic estimates of these low frequency oscillations supports the idea that a persistent anticyclonic mesoscale gyre adjacent to the Bay is a potential mode driver, while discounting other sources.
Antibacterial Flavanones and Dihydrochalcones from Macaranga trichocarpa
Authors: Fareza Muhamad S. , Syah Yana M. , Mujahidin Didin , Juliawaty Lia D. , Kurniasih Iis
Published: November 2014

Previously we had isolated two prenylated flavanones and two prenylated dihydrochalcones, macatrichocarpins A-D (1 - 4), from the acetone extract of the leaves of Macaranga trichocarpa. Reexamination of the fractions containing minor components resulted in the isolation of four more flavonoid derivatives, including two new prenylated dihydrochalcones, oxymacatrichocarpin C (5) and isomacatrichocarpin C (6). The structures of these compounds were determined by the analysis of UV, NMR, and mass spectral data. The eight isolated flavonoids were tested on eight pathogenic bacteria and found to be mostly moderate antibacterial agents, with the lowest MIC value of 26.5 μM achieved by the flavanone macatrichocarpin A (1) against Bacillus subtilis.
Preliminary evaluation on the productivity of fungi (Agaricales and Gasteromycetes) on the Kazuń meadows
Authors: Sadowska Barbara
Published: November 2014

The results are reported of one-year investingations on the productivity of fungi in communities of mown and unmown grass on exploited meadows near Warsaw of the Arrhenatheretum medioeuropaeum (Br.-Bl. 1919) Oberd. 1952 type. The observations were made in the course of the vegetation period in 1971. Fresh ahd rdy weight of the fruit bodies were determined as well as the weight of the ash after incineration. It was found that on the mown experimental plot the fungi produced much more organic matter than on the unmown one.
Conditions influencing the synthesis of alkaline proteinases by Mucor microsporus Nam.
Authors: Narzymski Bogusław , Chmielnicka Jadwiga , Urbanek Henryk
Published: November 2014

Maximal proteolytic activity at pH 8 was noted in the culture filtrate from Mucor microsorus when the medium contained: 30 g maltose, 10 g pepsine peptone, 5 g CaCO3, 1 g KN2PO4, 0.5 g MgSO4 7H2O, 0.5 g KCL, 0.05 g FeSO4, 0.05 g ZnSO4, 0.05 g MnCl2 in 1l.water.
Materials of knowledge of the coprophilous fungi in the Lublin region
Authors: Bednarczyk Maria A.
Published: November 2014

This paper presents the results of two-year investigtions on ciprophilous fungi in Lublin region.
Macromycetes of the Ojców National Park. II. Phytosociological, ecological and geographical characterization
Authors: Wojewoda Władysław
Published: November 2014

Ecological and geographical characterization of macromycetes of the Ojców Naional Park is given. The investigations have been carried out in all plant communities of the Park: forest and shrub associations, communities of felled forest areas, of rocks and xerothermic grasslands, of meadows and pastures, and of cultivated fields. A new association (Stropharietum semiglobatae) is described.
Variability of Pestalotia spp. with special reference to the effect of media, temperature and light on their growth, sporulation and spore germination
Authors: Ibrahim A. N. , Satour M. M. , Elakkad E. M.
Published: November 2014

Potalo dextrose and mango leaf extract agar media were found to be the most favourable for mycelial growth of Pestalotia spp. The optimum temperature for growth and sporulation was 25°C. Continuous light promoted mycelial growth and continuous darkness retarded it. The maximum percentage of germinated spores was obtained under intermittent daylight conditions. Germination of Pestalotia spores occurred at various stages of maturity. The percentage of germination decreased with the increase of the storage period in the host tissues, and after 12 months spores lost their viability completely. Mycelia in the same infected tissues, however, were found to be still alive and capable of producing new fructifications till 18 months. Morphological characters of the fungus, and mode of spore germination were also investigated.
Yeasts occurring on wheat seeds. III. A taxonomic study of strains of Sporobolomyces roseus Kluyver et van Niel and S. pararoseus Olson et Hammer
Authors: Maciejowska-Pokacka Zofia
Published: November 2014

Morphology and physiology of strains of Sporobolomvces roseus and S. pararoseus isolated from winter wheat seeds was studied. Most of strains S. roseus and all strains of S. pararoseus exhibited a positive starch reaction, and showed a tendency to lose the ability of formation of ballistospores. In some strains of S. pararoseus adaptation to nilratc nitrogen occurred.
Microbiological transformations. VIII. Studies of the capability of selected species of fungi to reduce of secodione and ethylosecodione
Authors: Dmochowska J. , Niespiak A. , Nowak Ł. , Siewiński A.
Published: November 2014

Screening tests were carried out with 29 strains of fungi for stereospecific reduction of ketone groups in 13-methyl- and 13-ethy1-3-methoxy-8(14)-seco-1,3,5(10),9(11)-oestratetraen-14,17-dione.
Fungi causing root canker in Saintpaulia ionantha Wendl.
Authors: Łacicowa Barbara , Sułek Danuta
Published: November 2014

Among the fungi isolated from Saintpaulia ionantha Wendl. specimens dying from root canker, the most numerous were: Fusarium oxysporum, F. solani, Botrytis cinerea, Cylindrocarpon obtusisporrum, C. didimum, and Gliocladium roseum. Fusarium oxysporum and F. solani were recognized to be very damaging to the plant, striking the root systems of seeldings and older plants as well. Botrytis cinerea caused damage to roots and upper parts of the plant. Gliocladium roseum, which has also proved to be a mycoparasite of Cylindrocarpon didimum, exhibited only slight pathogenic qualities in relation to the seedlings root system.
Ocular Surface Reconstruction With a Tissue-Engineered Nasal Mucosal Epithelial Cell Sheet for the Treatment of Severe Ocular Surface Diseases
Authors: Kobayashi Masakazu , Nakamura Takahiro , Yasuda Makoto , Hata Yuiko , Okura Shoki , Iwamoto Miyu , Nagata Maho , Fullwood Nigel J. , Koizumi Noriko , Hisa Yasuo , Kinoshita Shigeru
Published: November 2014

Severe ocular surface diseases (OSDs) with severe dry eye can be devastating and are currently some of the most challenging eye disorders to treat. To investigate the feasibility of using an autologous tissue-engineered cultivated nasal mucosal epithelial cell sheet (CNMES) for ocular surface reconstruction, we developed a novel technique for the culture of nasal mucosal epithelial cells expanded ex vivo from biopsy-derived human nasal mucosal tissues. After the protocol, the CNMESs had 4–5 layers of stratified, well-differentiated cells, and we successfully generated cultured epithelial sheets, including numerous goblet cells. Immunohistochemistry confirmed the presence of keratins 3, 4, and 13; mucins 1, 16, and 5AC; cell junction and basement membrane assembly proteins; and stem/progenitor cell marker p75 in the CNMESs. We then transplanted the CNMESs onto the ocular surfaces of rabbits and confirmed the survival of this tissue, including the goblet cells, up to 2 weeks. The present report describes an attempt to overcome the problems of treating severe OSDs with the most severe dry eye by treating them using tissue-engineered CNMESs to supply functional goblet cells and to stabilize and reconstruct the ocular surface. The present study is a first step toward assessing the use of tissue-engineered goblet-cell transplantation of nonocular surface origin for ocular surface reconstruction.
Polarized Human Embryonic Stem Cell-Derived Retinal Pigment Epithelial Cell Monolayers Have Higher Resistance to Oxidative Stress-Induced Cell Death Than Nonpolarized Cultures
Authors: Hsiung Jamie , Zhu Danhong , Hinton David R.
Published: November 2014

Oxidative stress-mediated injury to the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) is a major factor involved in the pathogenesis of age-related macular degeneration (AMD), the leading cause of blindness in the elderly. Human embryonic stem cell (hESC)-derived RPE cells are currently being evaluated for their potential for cell therapy in AMD patients through subretinal injection of cells in suspension and subretinal placement as a polarized monolayer. To gain an understanding of how transplanted RPE cells will respond to the highly oxidatively stressed environment of an AMD patient eye, we compared the survival of polarized and nonpolarized RPE cultures following oxidative stress treatment. Polarized, nonpolarized/confluent, nonpolarized/subconfluent hESC-RPE cells were treated with H2O2. Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling stains revealed the highest amount of cell death in subconfluent hESC-RPE cells and little cell death in polarized hESC-RPE cells with H2O2 treatment. There were higher levels of proapoptotic factors (phosphorylated p38, phosphorylated c-Jun NH2-terminal kinase, Bax, and cleaved caspase 3 fragments) in treated nonpolarized RPE—particularly subconfluent cells—relative to polarized cells. On the other hand, polarized RPE cells had constitutively higher levels of cell survival and antiapoptotic signaling factors such as p-Akt and Bcl-2, as well as antioxidants superoxide dismutase 1 and catalase relative to nonpolarized cells, that possibly contributed to polarized cells' higher tolerance to oxidative stress compared with nonpolarized RPE cells. Subconfluent cells were particularly sensitive to oxidative stress-induced apoptosis. These results suggest that implantation of polarized hESC-RPE monolayers for treating AMD patients with geographic atrophy should have better survival than injections of hESC-RPE cells in suspension.
Evaluación de la calidad de las Bases de Datos en línea útiles para Enfermería: propuesta teórico-metodológica.
Authors: Guillén Ríos Juan Francisco , Ayuso García María Dolores
Published: November 2014

Este artículo es parte de una tesis doctoral que se presentó en la Universidad de Murcia realizada por Juan Francisco Guillén Ríos y dirigida por Mª Dolores Ayuso García por la que obtuvo la máxima calificación de Sobresaliente Cum Laude. En este trabajo hemos formulado una metodología analítico-descriptiva e informativa creada “ad hoc” para la evaluación de la calidad de bases de datos en línea más útiles para Enfermería, en la que aportamos como eje central para el desarrollo de nuestro trabajo el “Protocolo de actuación para la evaluación de fuentes de información digitales publicadas en Internet” y su “Guía de Buenas Prácticas” de 2003 y 2006 respectivamente planteado por las doctoras y estudiosas en esta materia Mª Dolores Ayuso García y Victoria Martínez Navarro. Para ello aplicamos criterios de evaluación específicos para este tipo de recursos documentales pertinentes para Enfermería que estructuramos en secciones (Micronavegación, Macronavegación y Usabilidad), y dentro de cada sección englobamos dimensiones que se subdividen en características específicas de evaluación a los que asignamos puntuaciones que oscilan de 0 a 3 puntos.
Goûts de liberté, goûts de nécessité
Authors: Longchamp Philippe
Published: November 2014

Basé sur une enquête qualitative menée à Genève sur les pratiques alimentaires, cet article analyse les effets contrastés de la diffusion toujours plus large des normes diététiques au sein de l’espace social. Alors que les dispositions gustatives (ce que les individus perçoivent comme « bon ») et diététiques (ce qu’ils perçoivent comme « sain ») apparaissent comme très distinctes parmi les classes populaires, elles semblent se confondre à mesure que l’on se dirige vers les classes supérieures. Le croisement de ces deux dimensions permet de dégager un espace des rapports à l’alimentation étroitement articulé avec l’espace des positions sociales. Au final, l’enquête montre qu’une version nuancée du modèle légitimiste exposé par Pierre Bourdieu dans La Distinction demeure pertinente pour l’analyse des pratiques alimentaires contemporaines.
Alimentation et réseau social : une étude sur « le goût par nécessité » en contexte social
Authors: Pachucki Mark C. , Malo Isabelle
Published: November 2014

L’influence de la société sur les préférences alimentaires a fait l’objet de nombreuses études sans toutefois que ces dernières tiennent compte des rôles joués par les rapports sociaux. Bien que les célèbres travaux sociologiques de Pierre Bourdieu mettent en évidence le lien entre le capital économique, culturel et social, et les choix alimentaires, très peu d’études sur l’alimentation ont prêté une attention empirique explicite au réseau social en tant que forme de capital social. Pour remédier à cette lacune, la présente recherche utilise les données provenant d’une étude de cohorte prospective sur la santé examinant les choix alimentaires de plusieurs milliers de personnes et ceux de leur réseau social immédiat. Une comparaison entre les préférences alimentaires d’une personne et celles de son réseau social offre une nouvelle perspective sur la formation et le développement des goûts et fournit de nouvelles preuves de l’influence des relations interpersonnelles sur les choix en matière d’alimentation.
Thématisation du plaisir alimentaire et visées utilitaristes
Authors: Dupuy Anne
Published: November 2014

En nous intéressant à la thématisation actuelle du plaisir alimentaire et aux représentations utilitaristes nouvelles qu’elle fait naître, nous proposons de repenser les articulations entre plaisirs et nécessités. Dans quelle mesure la thématisation du plaisir alimentaire renforce-t-elle les visées utilitaristes à son encontre ? Après s’être intéressé à l’actualité du plaisir sur fond d’obésité et en mobilisant différents intérêts à le promouvoir au sein de nos modes d’alimentation contemporains, cet article explore en quoi de récentes postures sur le plaisir s’avèrent associées à des logiques de type utilitariste. Il apparaît qu’en voulant démarquer la pensée sur le plaisir de visions renforçant son antagonisme avec la santé, les orientations proposées, du fait de la demande sociale entourant le plaisir, renforcent son utilité (sociale) et contribuent à sa refonte dans le domaine de la santé.