bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Food Safety Evaluation of Recombinant Humanized Type III Collagen Produced by Komagataella phaffii SMD1168‐2COL3
Authors: Dai Qiu , Lemke Shawna , Lu Yuemei , Taylor Steve , Li Haihang , Fu Shengwei , Wu Xiaowen , Wang Nan , Xue Tian , He Xiaoyun
Published: January 2025

Collagens are biofunctional proteins that have been widely used in many fields, including biomedical, cosmetics, and skin care for their value in maintaining the integrity of cellular membranes. Collagens are also commonly consumed in foods and provide a source of protein and amino acids. As part of the safety assessment for this particular recombinant humanized type III (RHTypeIII) collagen produced by Komagataella phaffii SMD1168‐2COL3, a series of toxicological tests were conducted. This collagen has ≥ 90% amino acid sequence homology to bovine and porcine collagen. The RHTypeIII collagen showed no evidence of genotoxic potential in a battery of tests. It was not toxic in an acute oral study, with no effects at 10 g/kg BW. The RHTypeIII collagen was not developmentally toxic in Sprague Dawley (SD) rat, and the NOAEL was 4.5 g/kg BW/day. In a 90‐day oral gavage study in rats, there were no adverse findings observed; therefore, the high dose level (4.5 g/kg BW/day) was considered the NOAEL. The protein sequence was subjected to homology searches against the AllergenOnline database (sliding 80–amino acid windows and full sequence searches). From the 80‐amino acid alignment searches, 23 significant matches were identified (> 35% identity and E value < 1 × 10−7) to allergens of bovine, fish, anisakis, feverfew pollen, ragweed pollen, and wheat origin. Although matches were identified, further assessment of the in silico results combined with a literature review demonstrates that the risk of allergenic cross‐reactivity for this collagen is low. These results demonstrate RHTypeIII collagen is not toxic and unlikely to present a risk of allergy when used as a food ingredient.
Use of Dynamic Contrast‐Enhanced Magnetic Resonance Imaging Combined With Serum Carcinoembryonic Antigen and Carbohydrate Antigen 19‐9 in Predicting Colorectal Cancer Liver Metastasis
Authors: Ji Hong‐Bo , Qian Bo , Hu Jian‐Jun , Qi Wei , Che Zi‐Gang
Published: January 2025

Background

Dynamic contrast‐enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (DCE‐MRI) combined with serum carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) and carbohydrate antigen 19‐9 (CA19‐9) levels to evaluate the efficacy of colorectal cancer liver metastasis (CRCLM) treatment is still rare.

Purpose

To investigate the predictive value of DCE‐MRI combined with serum CEA and CA 19‐9 concerning the efficacy of comprehensive treatment for CRCLM.

Materials and Methods

A total of 120 patients with CRC were retrospectively recruited using convenience sampling between May 2019 and March 2024. After treatment, they were divided into two groups according to the treatment efficacy: responders (86 cases) and non‐responders (34 cases), and their clinical data were collected for comparison.

Results

Before treatment, there were statistically significant differences between the groups in terms of the proportion of positive CEA (χ2 = 17.364, p < 0.001), the proportion of positive CA 19‐9 (χ2 = 23.639, p < 0.001), the rate constant of a contrast agent from the vascular to the interstitial compartment (Ktrans) (χ2 = 2.341, p = 0.023), and the rate constant between the extravascular extracellular space (EES) (Kep) (χ2 = 2.556, p = 0.011). The values of Ktrans, Kep, CEA, and CA 19‐9 reflected a certain degree of predictive value for the efficacy of comprehensive treatment in patients with CRCLM (p < 0.05). The combination of the four measurements is better than any single value, with an area under the curve of 0.898 (95% CI: 0.833, 0.922).

Conclusion

Dynamic contrast‐enhanced magnetic resonance imaging, CEA, and CA 19‐9 have predictive value for the early efficacy of comprehensive treatment for CRCLM.
The impact of same‐day and rapid ART initiation under the Universal Health Coverage programme on HIV outcomes in Thailand: a retrospective real‐life cohort study
Authors: Teeraananchai Sirinya , Boettiger David C. , Lertpiriyasuwat Cheewanan , Triamwichanon Rattaphon , Benjarattanaporn Patchara , Phanuphak Nittaya
Published: January 2025

Introduction

Antiretroviral therapy (ART) initiation, regardless of CD4 count, has been recommended in Thailand since 2014, with same‐day initiation recommended since 2021. We assessed HIV treatment outcomes among Thai people living with HIV (PLHIV) by the time from HIV diagnosis to ART initiation under the Universal Health Coverage (UHC) programme and identified factors associated with virological failure (VF).

Methods

PLHIV aged ≥15 years initiating ART between 2014 and 2022 were included from the UHC database. We categorized participants into four groups using the duration from HIV diagnosis to ART initiation: (1) ≤ 7 days (same‐day ART); (2) 8 days to <1 month; (3) 1–3 months; and (4) >3 months. Viral load (VL) was measured 6 months after starting ART, and annually thereafter. VF was defined as VL ≥1000 copies/ml. Factors associated with VF were analysed using competing risk models considering death and loss to follow‐up (LTFU) as competing events.

Results

Among 252,239 PLHIV who started ART, the median age at initiation was 34 years (interquartile range [IQR]: 26–43 years). The median (IQR) pre‐ART CD4 count was 233 (76–420) cells/mm3. ART initiation occurred within 7 days for 25% (17% on the same day, 8% in 2–7 days), 24% in 8 days to <1 month, 23% in 1–3 months and 28% in >3 months. ART initiation within 7 days increased from 20% (2014–2016) to 32% (2021–2022). VF occurred with a rate of 3.11 (95% CI 3.07–3.159) per 100 person‐years (PYs). PLHIV initiating ART 8 days to 1 month were at lower risk of VF (aSHR 0.52, 95% CI 0.50–0.54) when compared to ART initiation >3 months. ART initiation within 7 days resulted in the lowest mortality (6%: 1.28 [95% CI 1.24–1.32] per 100 PYs), but the highest rate of LTFU (12%: 2.69 [95% CI 2.63–2.75] per 100 PYs) when compared to other ART initiation groups.

Conclusions

Although ART initiation within 7 days has increased in Thailand, the overall rate of early initiation remains low. ART initiation within 1 month significantly lowered the risk of VF. ART initiation within 7 days significantly reduced mortality. To further optimize health outcomes, innovative strategies are urgently needed to promote earlier ART initiation in Thailand.
Aeroportia and pneumatosis intestinalis in infants with food protein‐induced‐allergic proctocolitis: A presentation of two cases
Authors: Ruesen Jessica , Gaitan Villela Clarissa , Xydias Theodoros , Kramer Freya , Daester Corinne , Koehler Henrik
Published: January 2025

Bloody stools are a particularly concerning symptom in neonates and infants. The differential diagnosis reaches from life‐threatening to benign conditions. We would like to present two infants, who presented to the paediatric emergency department with bloody stools and showed pneumatosis on ultrasonography, which initially led to the suspicion of a potentially life‐threatening condition. Both children had an unremarkable physical examination and both the laboratory chemical parameters, as well as the stool analyses were without abnormal findings. As in summary, there was no evidence of necrotizing enterocolitis, and Food Protein‐Induced Allergic Proctocolitis (FPIAP) was considered the most likely diagnosis, an ambulant nutritional counselling was provided. As FPIAP is a clinical diagnosis, the number of cases in which pneumatosis can be detected is unclear. It is speculated that, like atopic dermatitis, food allergies alter, for example, the tight junctions and lead to an increased intestinal permeability which might result in pneumatosis intestinalis.
Sodium nonylcyclohexanol ethoxylate sulfate‐based strategy for remediating dye‐contaminated soil with low surfactant adsorption
Authors: Hu Xueyi , Zhang Yongjin , Qian Fei , Liu Jianyi , Zhang Guiju , Xia Yongmei
Published: January 2025

Surfactant‐assisted soil cleaning has been considered as a promising technology for remediating of dye‐contaminated soil, but is significantly impeded by limitations such as the adsorption or precipitation of surfactants in soil. To take the advantage of effective remediation of anionic surfactant and lower adsorption of nonionic surfactant, a remediation system has been developed in this study for soil contaminated with model dyes methyl orange and alizarin red, employing a designed anionic‐nonionic surfactant known as sodium nonylcyclohexanol ethoxylates sulfate (NCEO5S) and a commercial surfactant—sodium alkyl alcohol ethoxylate sulfate (AES). Using simple wash, the elution efficiency on highly‐contaminated soil (methyl orange and alizarin red) reached up to 94.34% and 97.66%, respectively, at 25°C in 24 h with 1 wt% of surfactant solution. Electrostatic repulsion noticeably mitigates surfactant adsorption on the soil surface. The low adsorption of surfactants on the eluted soil surface was characterized with SEM‐EDS and thermogravimetric analysis. The kinetics of surfactant‐enhanced dyes desorption from contaminated soil follow the Elovich equation. The findings will be benefit for developing eco‐friendly surfactant systems to clean‐up dyes‐contaminated soils while minimizing surfactant adsorption.
Craniofacial Pain Locations and Outcomes After Endoscopic Sinus Surgery for Unilateral Sphenoid Sinusitis: A Multi‐Institutional Study
Authors: Eide Jacob G. , Pellizzari Richard , Saibene Alberto M. , De Donato Luigi , Bitner Benjamin , Wei Kimberly , Panara Kush , Kshirsagar Rijul , Lee Daniel , Douglas Jennifer E. , Whitehead Russell , Filip Peter , Papagiannopoulos Peter , Tajudeen Bobby , Kuan Edward C. , Adappa Nithin D. , Palmer James N. , Craig John R.
Published: January 2025

Introduction

Unilateral sphenoid sinus opacification on computed tomography is caused by a variety of pathologies including inflammatory and infectious sinusitis, benign and malignant tumors, and encephaloceles. The purpose of this study was to report craniofacial pain locations and outcomes in inflammatory unilateral sphenoid sinusitis (USS) patients who underwent endoscopic sinus surgery (ESS).

Methods

A multi‐institutional retrospective cohort study was conducted on all adult patients who had ESS for USS from 2015 to 2022. Patient demographics, presenting symptoms and nasal endoscopy findings, extent of surgical dissection, and craniofacial pain locations and outcomes were recorded. Exclusion criteria included age <18 years, non‐inflammatory etiology, immunodeficiency, invasive fungal sinusitis, lack of follow‐up, lack of preoperative pain location, and neoplasia. Descriptive statistics were calculated.

Results

Of 57 patients with USS, 44 (77.2%) reported craniofacial pain at one or more locations. Retrobulbar (n = 19, 43.2%) was the most common pain location followed by frontal (n = 17, 38.6%) and occipital (n = 10, 22.7%). Surgical intervention resulted in pain resolution in 33/44 patients (75%), with a mean follow‐up of 83.7 (±97.8) days. There were no significant associations between presenting symptoms, imaging findings, endoscopy, surgical extent, or final pathology and the presence or resolution of facial pain (p > 0.05).

Conclusion

In USS patients, the most common craniofacial pain locations were retrobulbar, occipital, and frontal, with a minority being vertex. Based on short‐term follow‐up, ESS resolved the craniofacial pain in 75% of cases. There were no clinical variables that predicted the presence or resolution of craniofacial pain.

Level of Evidence

IV Laryngoscope, 2025
Postoperative Implementation of Virtual Reality and Wearable Devices: Opportunities and Challenges
Authors: Pandrangi Vivek C. , Araujo Ana V. , Buncke Michelle , Olson Brennan , Jorizzo Matthew , Said‐Al‐Naief Nasser , Sanusi Olabisi , Ciporen Jeremy , Shindo Maisie , Schindler Joshua , Colaianni C. Alessandra , Clayburgh Daniel , Andersen Peter , Flint Paul , Wax Mark K. , Geltzeiler Mathew , Li Ryan J.
Published: January 2025

Objective

To examine implementation of virtual reality (VR) and Fitbit wearable activity devices in postoperative recovery.

Methods

This was a prospective, 4‐arm, randomized controlled trial of patients undergoing inpatient head and neck surgery at a tertiary academic center from November 2021 to July 2022. Patients were randomized to Control, VR, Fitbit, or combined VR + Fitbit groups. Patients in the VR groups were brought VR headsets to use throughout each day, and patients in the Fitbit groups wore Fitbit devices and were encouraged to achieve 2,000 daily steps. The primary outcome was average daily opioid use, measured as milligram morphine equivalents (MME).

Results

There were 80 patients included. The majority of patients were male (68.8%), and mean age was 58.8 ± 14.4 years. Only the combined VR + Fitbit cohort was associated with reduced average daily opioid use (VR + Fitbit: 8.8 [20.6] MME vs. Control: 26.4 [37.4] MME, p = 0.02). Patients in intervention groups also had higher hospital satisfaction (p = 0.02). VR was utilized 26% of the time it was provided, with mean use time of 23.8 ± 7.8 min. Mean post‐VR subjective pain reduction was 1.0 ± 1.3, and there were three mild adverse events of neck or nasal discomfort. Among the Fitbit groups, there were no adverse events and daily step counts ≥2,000 steps were achieved 45% of the time.

Conclusion

Implementation of VR and wearable activity devices in postoperative recovery appears well tolerated and may facilitate further development of Enhanced Recovery After Surgery (ERAS) protocols, though there are challenges to maximizing device usage.

Level of Evidence: II. Laryngoscope, 2025
A Universal Strategy for Multicolor Mechanoluminescence via Radiative Energy Transfer Based on Ultraviolet Mechanoluminescent Material Ca9Al(PO4)7:Ce3+
Authors: Cheng Kaige , Guo Ziyi , Zhang Peng , Feng Long , Zhou Yunpeng , Li Lili , Song Hongxin , Wang Tianli , Zhao Yaru , Zhao Lei
Published: January 2025

The selection of mechanoluminescent materials is often unpredictable and arbitrary, posing new challenges for the application of high‐performance mechanoluminescence (ML). Materials with exceptional photoluminescence (PL) properties generally possess highly efficient carrier radiative transitions. Investigating how to induce ML in these materials can provide new perspectives on the selection of ML materials. Here, a universal strategy for multicolor ML via radiative energy transfer by ultraviolet ML material Ca9Al(PO4)7:Ce3+ (CAPC) is proposed. Multicolor ML can be regulated through the isomerization of energy acceptors. In CAPC@energy acceptor@polydimethylsiloxane composite system, the multicolor ML relies on a simple radiative energy transfer (reabsorption) mechanism, rather than the complex energy transfer between the excited states of ions. Using this strategy, certain highly efficient PL materials can develop ML, transitioning from nonexistent to present or from weak to strong. Additionally, the ML color can be tuned by adjusting the composition ratio of energy donor and acceptor. This work provides a simple, feasible, and versatile strategy for the selection and development of multicolor ML materials.
Nanofibrous Biomaterial Containing Raw‐Propolis Particles Encapsulated by PLA/PBS for Wound Dressing Application
Authors: Özdilek Ecem , Samatya Yilmaz Sema , Uzuner Hüseyin , Aytac Ayse
Published: January 2025

The hollow nanofibrous materials were obtained by successfully encapsulating different rate raw‐propolis particles (5%, 10%, and 15%) with hydrophobic polylactic acid/polybutylene succinate (PLA/PBS, 93/7, w/w) blend. No purification process such as extraction was applied to raw propolis and propolis was used as raw. High liquid absorbing capacity values between 400 and 600% were observed owing to the hollow core of the nanofiber. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) surface images of hollow nanofibers became transparent, and it was seen that the fiber diameters were thickened. The tensile stress of 5% propolis‐encapsulated biomaterial exhibited the highest value of 1.25 MPa. High antibacterial activity was observed especially against Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) at the end of the 24th and 48th h with the dispersion of raw‐propolis particles in the core of propolis‐encapsulated all fibrous materials. However, it was seen that the use of propolis in its raw form caused the emergence of toxic effects. It was reported that hollow biomaterials containing raw‐propolis particles encapsulated by PLA/PBS could not be used as wound dressings due to insufficient fibroblast cell viability. So, it was suggested that pure hollow PLA/PBS fibrous mats could be used as skin tissue scaffolds.
Strong Anionic Fluorene Donor–Acceptor Copolyelectrolytes from Protected Hydrophobic Precursors
Authors: Hofman Anton H. , Dijkstra Peter , Kamperman Marleen
Published: January 2025

Conjugated polyelectrolytes (CPEs), materials that are defined by a ‐conjugated backbone and charged ionic functional groups, are frequently prepared through direct polymerization of charged monomer species in aqueous media. This route is, however, often accompanied by labor‐intensive work‐up procedures, low yields, and ultimately results in materials that are difficult to characterize. To overcome these inconveniences, in this work protection chemistry is applied on sulfonate‐functionalized fluorene monomers that are polymerized under standard Suzuki polycondensation conditions to obtain protected donor–acceptor copolymers. Treatment of the organo‐soluble precursors under nucleophilic conditions resulted in quantitative removal of the protecting groups, thereby exposing the strong anionic functionalities. Unlike in other studies, the conjugated backbones remained unharmed during this process: the photophysical properties of the CPEs are identical to their hydrophobic precursors.
Impaired network organization in mild age‐related hearing loss
Authors: Tong Zhaopeng , Xing Chunhua , Xu Xiaomin , Xu Jin‐Jing , Wu Yuanqing , Salvi Richard , Yin Xindao , Zhao Fei , Chen Yu‐Chen , Cai Yuexin
Published: January 2025

Age‐related hearing loss (ARHL) is considered one of the most common neurodegenerative disorders in the elderly; however, how it contributes to cognitive decline is poorly understood. With resting‐state functional magnetic resonance imaging from 66 individuals with ARHL and 54 healthy controls, group spatial independent component analyses, sliding window analyses, graph‐theory methods, multilayer networks, and correlation analyses were used to identify ARHL‐induced disturbances in static and dynamic functional network connectivity (sFNC/dFNC), alterations in global network switching and their links to cognitive performances. ARHL was associated with decreased sFNC/dFNC within the default mode network (DMN) and increased sFNC/dFNC between the DMN and central executive, salience (SN), and visual networks. The variability in dFNC between the DMN and auditory network (AUN) and between the SN and AUN was decreased in ARHL. The individuals with ARHL had lower network switching rates than controls among global network nodes, especially in the DMN. Some disturbances within DMN were associated with disrupted executive and memory performance. The prolonged loss of sensory information associated with ARHL‐induced compensatory within‐network segregations and between‐network integrations in the DMN might reduce network information processing and accelerate brain aging and cognitive decline.
Nonviral targeted mRNA delivery: principles, progresses, and challenges
Authors: He Xi , Li Guohong , Huang Letao , Shi Haixing , Zhong Sha , Zhao Siyu , Jiao Xiangyu , Xin Jinxiu , Yin Xiaoling , Liu Shengbin , He Zhongshan , Guo Mengran , Yang Chunli , Jin Zhaohui , Guo Jun , Song Xiangrong
Published: January 2025

Messenger RNA (mRNA) therapeutics have garnered considerable attention due to their remarkable efficacy in the treatment of various diseases. The COVID‐19 mRNA vaccine and RSV mRNA vaccine have been approved on the market. Due to the inherent nuclease‐instability and negative charge of mRNA, delivery systems are developed to protect the mRNA from degradation and facilitate its crossing cell membrane to express functional proteins or peptides in the cytoplasm. However, the deficiency in transfection efficiency and targeted biological distribution are still the major challenges for the mRNA delivery systems. In this review, we first described the physiological barriers in the process of mRNA delivery and then discussed the design approach and recent advances in mRNA delivery systems with an emphasis on their tissue/cell‐targeted abilities. Finally, we pointed out the existing challenges and future directions with deep insights into the design of efficient mRNA delivery systems. We believe that a high‐precision targeted delivery system can greatly improve the therapeutic effects and bio‐safety of mRNA therapeutics and accelerate their clinical transformations. This review may provide a new direction for the design of mRNA delivery systems and serve as a useful guide for researchers who are looking for a suitable mRNA delivery system.
Clinicopathological features of Lynch syndrome pedigrees with MSH2 c.351G>A gene variant
Authors: Zhang Shuai , Fu Guanyu , Sun Gongping , Tang Yuanxin , Meng Jin , Wang Zhigang , Su Rongjun , Liu Wei , Li Xiaoxia
Published: January 2025

Background

Lynch syndrome (LS) is an autosomal‐dominant disorder that increases the risk of many cancers. To identify novel or rare pathogenic variants of MMR genes associated with LS, especially in Chinese pedigrees.

Methods

One four‐generation Chinese Han family from northeast China with 29 members was enrolled. Clinical diagnosis of LS was established in this family, according to Amsterdam II. The proband and some relatives of the family were subjected to immunohistochemical analysis of MMR protein, microsatellite instability (MSI) testing, whole‐exome sequencing, and Sanger sequencing.

Results

Nine patients with 19 primary cancers were found in this family, with a wide spectrum of synchronous and metachronous cancers, including digestive, reproductive, respiratory, urinary, and other systems. In addition, one member of this family is found to have both thyroid and lung cancers, which have been reported only once in LS patients before but have not been considered extracolonic in the LS spectrum. The immunohistochemical analysis of the mother of the proband showed loss of MSH2 and MSH6 protein, and consistently, high microsatellite instability (MSI‐H) was confirmed in LS patients. Furthermore, whole‐exome sequencing identified a nonsense variant in MSH2, MSH2:NM_000251:c.351G > A(p.W117*), in all three tested LS patients (II‐1, III‐1, and III‐4), but not in healthy relatives IV‐1 in this family. This result is further verified by Sanger sequencing.

Conclusion

Uncover a rare nonsense variant in MSH2 gene, which contributes to LS of this family. The clinicopathological characteristics of LS in this family include common simultaneous or heterogeneous multiple primary cancers, a broad tumor spectrum, and a younger age with the continuation of genetic algebra.
On the Use of Neural Networks in the Modeling of Yield Surfaces
Authors: Soare Stefan C.
Published: January 2025

The classic constitutive model of metal plasticity employs the concept of yield surface to describe the strain‐stress response of metals. Yield surfaces are constructed as level sets of yield functions, which in turn are assumed to be homogeneous, smooth and convex. These properties ensure the mathematical consistency of the constitutive model while also facilitating the calibration of the yield function. The significant progress in computing hardware and software of the last two decades has opened new possibilities for research into general‐purpose yield functions that are capable of capturing with high accuracy the mechanical properties of sheet metal. Here we investigate the modeling capabilities of yield functions defined by homogeneous, smooth and convex neural networks (HSC‐NN). We find that small‐sized HSC‐NNs are capable of reproducing a wide range of convex shapes. This type of network is then ideally suited to data‐driven frameworks based on virtual testing or on interpolation of data from mechanical tests, being easy to deploy in finite element codes. HSC‐NNs are particularly adept at fitting aggregations of plane stress and out‐of‐plane data to build yield surface models accounting for 3D‐stress states. We use them here to bring new insights into a recent cup‐drawing experiment with aluminum alloy AA6016‐T4. Finite element simulations with both plane stress and 3D models show promising results. In particular, the overall simulation run times of the HSC‐NNs employed here are found to be comparable with those of conventional yield functions.
Childbirth Journey Through Virtual Reality: Pain, Anxiety and Birth Perception: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Boyuk Mervenur , Citak Bilgin Nevin
Published: January 2025

This study determines video's effect on pregnant women's pain, anxiety, and perception of labor using virtual reality glasses during the active and transition phases of childbirth. This randomized controlled study was conducted with 60 pregnant women (30 in each group) admitted to the delivery room of a hospital. The data were collected by personal information form, visual comparison scale‐pain, visual comparison scale‐anxiety, and perception of birth scale. While there was no significant difference between the groups in terms of pre‐intervention pain measurement in the active and transition phases, post‐intervention pain measurement in the active and transition phases in the intervention group was found to be significantly lower than the control group. Anxiety measurement was also found to be significantly lower in the intervention group in the active and transition phases than in the control group after the intervention. It was determined that in the intervention group, anxiety measurements tended to decrease after the intervention compared to the pre‐intervention period, while in the control group, anxiety measurements tended to increase continuously in the active and transition phases. Perceptions of birth in the postpartum period were similar. The use of virtual reality during childbirth reduces pain and anxiety at birth but does not affect the perception of birth. The use of virtual reality interventions as a nonpharmacological method can be included in childbirth preparation training.

Trial Registration: NCT05495009
Fatigue‐life prediction of glass fiber reinforced Polypropylene and Polyamides composite materials based on the three‐parameter Weibull distribution
Authors: Deng Mingxuan , Zeng Chenxi , Song Kedong , Ding Yanhuai
Published: January 2025

At present, there is limited literature available on the fatigue life estimation of glass fiber fabric‐reinforced thermoplastic polymer composites. This study performed constant amplitude fatigue testing to assess the fatigue life of twill‐woven glass fiber‐reinforced thermoplastic composites made from polypropylene (PP) and polyamide (PA) under four different stress levels (70%, 60%, 50%, and 40% of the ultimate tensile strength) with a stress ratio of 0.1. The fatigue life of the specimens was analyzed statistically using two‐parameter and three‐parameter Weibull distribution functions. Linear regression analysis results demonstrates a strong correlation between the independent and dependent variables in the two‐parameter Weibull analysis (correlation coefficient above 0.80), with an even better correlation observed in the three‐parameter analysis (correlation coefficient above 0.94). Based on the parameters derived from the Weibull distribution, the fatigue life of the laminates at varying survival rates has been evaluated. A P‐S‐N fatigue life prediction model has been developed from these results to account for different failure rates. Comparison with the tensile fatigue performance data of fiber‐reinforced polymer composites from the literature indicated that glass fiber‐reinforced thermoplastic composites exhibit excellent fatigue resistance.

Highlights

The fatigue of twill‐weave glass fiber reinforced PA/PP was investigated.

The fatigue life was analyzed using three‐parameter Weibull distribution functions.

A fatigue life prediction model was established based on the Weibull distribution function.

The P‐S‐N fatigue life prediction model provides a reference for material design.
Nectin‐4 Expression in Prostatic Adenocarcinoma: An Immunohistochemical Study
Authors: Baraban Ezra G. , Vlachou Evangelia , Patel Sunil , Kates Max , Johnson Burles , Smith Armine , Shenderov Eugene , Sharma Shivang , Denmeade Samuel R. , Brame Alex , Han Misop , De Marzo Angelo M. , Matoso Andres , Hoffman‐Censits Jean
Published: January 2025

Background

The Nectin‐4 directed antibody drug conjugate enfortumab vedotin (EV) has emerged as frontline systemic therapy in combination with immune checkpoint blockade for urothelial carcinoma (UC), capitalizing on the ubiquitous expression of this protein in UC. There is limited data available regarding expression of Nectin‐4 by immunohistochemistry in prostate cancer, but this is of interest as a substantial number of UC patients likely to receive EV have concomitant prostate cancer.

Methods

Nectin‐4 protein expression was evaluated by immunohistochemistry in tissue microarrays encompassing a cohort of 302 prostatic adenocarcinomas spanning Grade Groups 1–5. Intensity of expression was scored from 1 (weak) to 3 (intense staining readily apparent at low magnification). H‐scores were calculated by multiplying the percentage of cells staining by the intensity of expression.

Results

Nectin‐4 expression was frequently observed in benign prostate tissue (86% of cases, mean H‐score of 40, median 20, interquartile range [IQR]: 10–60) and in prostatic adenocarcinoma (91% of cases, mean H‐score of 90, median 70, IQR: 20–150). Significant differences in Nectin‐4 expression among prostatic adenocarcinoma Grade Groups 1–5 were not observed. Across all prostatic adenocarcinomas evaluated, the mean Nectin‐4 H‐score of 90 was statistically significantly higher than the mean H‐score of 40 observed in benign prostate tissue (p < 0.001). Three of four prostatic ductal adenocarcinomas showed Nectin‐4 expression, with a median H‐score of 250 (IQR: 152–300).

Conclusions

Nectin‐4 protein expression is common in benign prostate tissue and prostatic adenocarcinoma. These findings provide a rationale for future studies investigating potential activity of EV in prostate cancer.
Population Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics of Sotalol Following Expedited Intravenous Loading in Patients With Atrial Arrhythmias
Authors: Yellepeddi Venkata K. , Ismail Mohamed , Bunch T. Jared , Deering Thomas F. , Holubkov Richard , Kennedy Robert , Mittal Suneet , Perez Marco , Piccini Jonathan P. , Pokharel Parash , Savona Salvatore , Verma Nishant , Steinberg Benjamin , Watt Kevin
Published: January 2025

Sotalol, a class III antiarrhythmic agent, is used to maintain sinus rhythm in patients with atrial fibrillation or atrial flutter (AFIB/AFL). Despite its efficacy, sotalol's use is limited by its potential to cause life‐threatening ventricular arrhythmias due to QT interval prolongation. Traditionally, sotalol administration required hospitalization to monitor these risks. The FDA approval of intravenous (IV) sotalol for loading before oral maintenance aims to reduce hospitalization duration by facilitating an expedited loading dose, transitioning to oral maintenance therapy. This study evaluates the population pharmacokinetics (PK) and pharmacodynamics (PD) of sotalol using data from the Prospective Evaluation Analysis and Kinetics of IV Sotalol (PEAKS) Registry, which includes patients with atrial arrhythmias undergoing IV sotalol loading. A nonlinear mixed‐effect modeling approach was used to describe sotalol PK, considering covariates such as age, weight, sex, and renal function. The study also examined the correlation between sotalol plasma concentrations and corrected QT interval (QTc) prolongation. Sotalol PK after IV loading and two oral maintenance doses was adequately described by a two‐compartment model with first‐order elimination in patients with atrial arrhythmias. Weight and creatinine clearance (CrCl) were identified as covariates with significant influence on sotalol PK. A linear regression model adequately described the relationship between QTc and plasma sotalol levels (R2 = 0.27). The Monte Carlo simulations showed that the IV loading doses recommended in the prescribing information did not result in significant prolongation of QTc. The data from this study supports the current dosing recommendations of IV sotalol in patients with AFIB/AFL.
Experimental Evaluation of an Observer‐Based Controller for an Unmanned Aerial Vehicle in Reforestation Activities
Authors: Muñoz Gustavo , Abaunza Hernan , Lozoya Camilo , Castañeda Herman
Published: January 2025

Reforestation is pivotal in mitigating climate change, preserving biodiversity, and safeguarding ecosystems. Precision reforestation implies efficiently using materials and human resources to conduct this intensive task. In this sense, using unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs), also known as drones, improves the accuracy of dispensed seeds while increasing coverage and reducing labor. However, drone‐based reforestation still presents technological challenges that need to be addressed. An important challenge is the presence of disturbances during flights due to environmental conditions, primarily unexpected wind, and the unavoidable loss of mass presented by the vehicle caused by the dispensing task. This paper evaluates the use of an observer‐based controller to reject the particular disturbances caused by the sowing activity. Through meticulous experimentation and analysis, the study demonstrates the observer's adeptness in mitigating external disturbances, thereby enhancing the precision and stability of UAV operations. This technological advancement holds promise for diverse practical applications and has implications for environmental conservation efforts, particularly reforestation. The obtained experimental results confirm the viability of the proposed controller and observer framework, highlighting its potential to improve the robustness of environmental monitoring, conservation, and sustainable resource management practices.
Resource Allocation Techniques in Multibeam Satellites: Conventional Methods vs. AI/ML Approaches
Authors: Kashyap Shwet , Gupta Nisha
Published: January 2025

This paper presents a comprehensive survey of advancements in resource allocation techniques within the realm of multibeam satellites, focusing specifically on four key areas related to payload beam hopping, along with allocations of power, bandwidth, and beamwidth. It provides a comprehensive examination of traditional approaches alongside the innovative adoption of artificial intelligence and machine learning (AI/ML) methods to tackle these obstacles. A comprehensive analysis is carried out to investigate the possible approaches to enhance the resource allocation efficiency further. While acknowledging the plethora of topics within the multibeam satellite domain, this study deliberately narrows its focus to these four fundamental aspects, providing a nuanced understanding of the evolving landscape in satellite communications.
ZnO Modified g‐C3N4–MnO2 Composite for Photodegradation of Methylene Blue
Authors: Gindose Teketel Girma , Atisme Tsegaye Belege , Hailegebreal Tessema Derbe , Zereffa Enyew Amare
Published: January 2025

Single ZnO (NM1), MnO2 (NM2) nanoparticles, and MnO2–g‐C3N4–ZnO (NM4) nanocomposite were synthesized by the sol–gel method, whereas g‐C3N4 (NM3) was synthesized by polymerization of urea. The as‐synthesized materials were characterized by thermogravimetric‐differential thermal (TGA‐TDA), Fourier transformer (FTIR), X‐ray diffraction (XRD), diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (DRS), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and high‐resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM).The bandgap of the NM4 nanocomposite was lower than those of NM1, NM2, and NM3 photocatalysts, which is applicable in the visible region. The photocatalytic activities of the synthesized materials were studied under visible light radiation. The efficacy of NM4 composite is 5, 3.4, and 3‐fold higher than those of NM1, NM2, and NM3 materials. This enhancement might be ascribed to the synergistic effect. Besides, the NM4 nanocomposite degraded 94% of methylene blue (MB) and 81% of the real sample. The rate constant (k) for NM1, NM2, NM3, and NM4 nanocomposite was also studied and resulted in 0.00327, 0.0046, 0.0056, and 0.0156 min−1, respectively. The reusing of NM4 nanocomposite was carried out for four sequential rounds and resulted in 94%, 92.6%, 91%, and 89% degradation efficiency for 1st, 2nd, 3rd, and 4th round, respectively. This result suggests that the synthesized NM4 is cost‐effective and stable.
Regulating Adsorption Behaviors in Crystalline Porous Materials by External Electric Fields
Authors: Yang Yang , Zhang Tianyi , Wang Tianqi , Zhou Teng , Belmabkhout Youssef , Gu Qinfen , Shang Jin
Published: January 2025

The regulation of adsorption behaviors in crystalline porous materials (CPMs) using external electric fields (E‐fields) is an emerging field. CPMs are highly valued for their large surface area, well‐ordered pore structures, and chemical versatility, making them ideal for applications in adsorption/separation, catalysis, and biomedicine. In this review, the mechanisms underlying the E‐field‐induced structural and functional modifications in CPMs, such as phase transitions, framework distortions, and alterations in pore accessibility and selectivity, are delved into. Through a comprehensive analysis, the adsorption behaviors influenced by E‐field regulation are classified into three main categories: selective molecular adsorption, selective ion adsorption, and the diffusion/transportation of molecules and ions. Furthermore, in this review, the current landscape of research in this area, highlighting the challenges and future directions for developing E‐field‐regulated adsorbents is critically assessed. In this work, it is aimed to summarize recent advances and identify gaps in the understanding of E‐field effects on CPMs, providing a foundation for the rational development of next‐generation materials with E‐field modulated functionalities.
Highly Sensitive Linear Triaxial Force Sensor Based on Multimodal Sensing for 3D Pose Reconstruction
Authors: Zhang Yongwei , Mehrez Jaafar Abdul‐Aziz , Yang Jianhua , Ni Wangze , Fan Chao , Quan Wenjing , Zhang Kai , Wang Tao , Zeng Min , Hu Nantao , Yang Zhi
Published: January 2025

Flexible sensing offers real‐time force monitoring, presenting a versatile and effective solution for dexterous manipulation, healthcare, environmental exploration, and perception of physical properties. Nonetheless, a limitation of many existing flexible force sensors stems from their isotropic structure or material properties, preventing them from simultaneously detecting both the direction and magnitude of the applied force. Herein, a high‐performance 3D force sensor based on orthogonal multimodal sensing, the cancellation principle, and the strain effect is proposed. Finite element analysis further reveals the decoupling and anti‐interference mechanisms of the innovative capacitor‐resistance dual‐mode sensing based on a solid mechanics and electrostatic multiphysics model. The sensor demonstrates the ability to measure both the magnitude and direction of normal and shear forces in any combination using the proposed decoupling and reconstruction algorithms, showing the potential for accurately reconstructing the posture of objects.
High ductile‐FRP confined concrete in compression: A novel design concept for ductile column in seismic retrofit
Authors: Liu Wenguang , Shen Zihao , Zhang Qiang , Li Zhijia
Published: January 2025

ABASTRACT

Conventional fiber reinforced polymer confined concrete strengthening technique (FRPCCST) fails to achieve independent design of strength and ductility in confined concrete, leading to brittle failure characteristics. To address this issue, a novel ductile column strengthening technique (DCST) is proposed and validated in this study, which involves the use of an interlayer hybrid composite known as high ductile‐FRP (HD‐FRP) for confining concrete. This study focuses on testing HD‐FRP‐confined concrete with circular sections under compression, investigating the thickness of fiber layer as key parameters. The failure modes, axial stress–strain behaviors, and dilation behaviors of HD‐FRP‐confined concrete were investigated and discussed. A comprehensive elucidation of the interaction mechanism between the HD‐FRP and concrete is provided. The test results clearly demonstrate that the application of DCST with HD‐FRP wrapping not only enhances the ultimate strength of concrete but also ensures its stable load‐bearing capacity after reaching peak loads.
Unveiling the Dynamics of Entrepreneurial Ecosystems in an Emerging Economy: A Delphi and MCDM Approach
Authors: Aggarwal Gourav , Kashiramka Smita
Published: January 2025

The global surge in startup activity has led to the requirement of understanding entrepreneurial ecosystems (EEs) in emerging economies. This study employs a dual‐lens approach to analyze the health and performance dynamics of the EE from an emerging economy‐India. Delphi Technique is used to identify the elements of the EE; Best Worst Method (a multi‐criteria decision‐making method) is employed to quantify their contributions to the health and performance of the EE. Availability of finance, government programs, physical infrastructure, entrepreneurial culture, legal infrastructure, entrepreneurial education and training, and ease of shutting down emerge as key health factors. Innovation and research serve as a crucial mediating factor. On the performance front, entrepreneurial perception of market dynamics, intentions, value creation, networking, mentoring, perception about entrepreneurship, self‐efficacy, activity, and employment opportunities emerge as influential factors. The study proposes two indices to measure EE health and performance. This standardized approach can help compare EEs, identify intervention opportunities, offer holistic industrial insights, and aid investment decisions. The existing indices, like the Global Entrepreneurship Index, do not consider the regional context and assume the contribution of all elements of the EE as equal. Our research offers a comprehensive framework for evaluating and advancing EEs in emerging economies through a weighted framework for elements contributing to the health and performance of an EE respectively.
Cost‐effectiveness of a multicomponent intervention against cognitive decline
Authors: Brettschneider Christian , Buczak‐Stec Elżbieta , Luppa Melanie , Zülke Andrea , Michalowsky Bernhard , Rädke Anika , Bauer Alexander , Brütting Christine , Kosilek Robert P. , Zöllinger Isabel , Döhring Juliane , Williamson Martin , Wiese Birgitt , Hoffmann Wolfgang , Frese Thomas , Gensichen Jochen , Kaduszkiewicz Hanna , Thyrian Jochen René , Riedel‐Heller Steffi G. , König Hans‐Helmut ,   the AGEWELL.DE study group
Published: January 2025

INTRODUCTION

The societal costs of dementia and cognitive decline are substantial and likely to increase during the next decades due to the increasing number of people in older age groups. The aim of this multicenter cluster‐randomized controlled trial was to assess the cost‐effectiveness of a multi‐domain intervention to prevent cognitive decline in older people who are at risk for dementia.

METHODS

We used data from a multi‐centric, two‐armed, cluster‐randomized controlled trial (AgeWell.de trial, ID: DRKS00013555). Eligible participants with increased dementia risk at baseline (Cardiovascular Risk Factors, Aging, and Incidence of Dementia/CAIDE Dementia Risk Score ≥ 9), 60–77 years of age, were recruited by their general practitioners, and assigned randomly to a multi‐domain lifestyle intervention or general health advice. We performed a cost‐effectiveness analysis from the societal perspective. The time horizon was 2 years. Health care utilization was measured using the “Questionnaire for Health‐Related Resource Use in Older Populations.” As effect measure, we used quality‐adjusted life‐years (QALYs) based on the 5‐level EQ‐5D version (EQ‐5D‐5L). We calculated the incremental cost‐effectiveness ratios (ICER) and cost‐effectiveness acceptability curves (CEAC) using the net‐benefit approach. Exploratory analyses considering women and the EQ visual analogue scale (EQ VAS) were conducted.

RESULTS

Data were available for 819 participants (mean age 69.0 [standard deviation (SD)5‐level EQ‐5D version 4.9]); 378 were treated in the intervention group and 441 in the control group. The participants in the intervention group caused higher costs (+€445.88 [SD: €1,244.52]) and gained additional effects (+0.026 QALY [SD: 0.020]) compared to the participants in the control group (the difference was statistically significant). The ICER was €17,149.23/QALY. The CEAC showed that the probability of the intervention being cost‐effective was moderate, reaching 59% at a willingness‐to‐pay (WTP) of €50,000/QALY. The exploratory analyses showed promising results, especially in the female subsample.

DISCUSSION

Considering aspects like the WTP and the limited time horizon, the multi‐domain intervention was cost‐effective compared to general health advice.

Highlights

The first German randomized controlled trial (RCT) evaluating a multicomponent approach against cognitive decline.

We found a favorable incremental cost‐effectiveness ratio.

The probability of cost‐effectiveness reached 78.6%.

Women could be an important target group.

A longer time horizon is needed.
The problem of multiple adjustments in the assessment of minimal clinically important differences
Authors: de Oliveira Fabricio Ferreira
Published: January 2025

INTRODUCTION

Anthropometric, demographic, genetic, and clinical features may affect cognitive, behavioral, and functional decline, while clinical trials seldom consider minimal clinically important differences (MCIDs) in their analyses.

METHODS

MCIDs were reviewed taking into account features that may affect cognitive, behavioral, or functional decline in clinical trials of new disease‐modifying therapies.

RESULTS

The higher the number of comparisons of different confounders in statistical analyses, the lower P values will be significant. Proper selection of confounders is crucial to accurately assess MCIDs without compromising statistical significance.

DISCUSSION

Statistical adjustment of the significance of MCIDs according to multiple comparisons is essential for the generalizability of research results. Wider inclusion of confounding variables in the statistics may help bring trial results closer to real‐world conditions and improve the prediction of the efficacy of new disease‐modifying therapies, though such factors must be carefully selected not to compromise the statistical significance of the analyses.

Highlights

Anthropometric, demographic, and clinical features may affect cognitive, behavioral, and functional decline.

Clinical trials seldom take minimal clinically important differences (MCIDs) or their confounders into account.

Generalizability of research results requires the assessment of multiple confounding factors.

The higher the number of comparisons involved, the lower P values will be considered significant.

Use of MCIDs adjusted for confounding factors should be implemented when outcomes are not susceptible to translation into absolute benefits.