bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Polarimetric Radar Observations and Interpretation of Co-Cross-PolarCorrelation Coefficients
Authors: Ryzhkov Alexander V. , Zrnic Dusan S. , Hubbert John C. , Bringi V. N. , Vivekanandan J. , Brandes Edward A.
Published: March 2011

Preliminary analysis of all components of the polarimetric radar covariance matrix for precipitation measured with the NCAR S-band dual-polarization Doppler radar (S-Pol) and the Colorado State University–University of Chicago–Illinois State Water Survey (CSU–CHILL) radars is presented. Radar reflectivity at horizontal polarization Zh, differential reflectivity ZDR, linear depolarization ratio LDR, specific differential phase KDP, cross-correlation coefficient |ρhv|, and two co-cross-polar correlation coefficients, ρxh and ρxv, have been measured and examined for two rain events: the 14 August 1998 case in Florida and the 8 August 1998 case in Colorado.

Examination of the coefficients ρxh and ρxv is the major focus of the study. It is shown that hydrometeors with different types of orientation can be better delineated if the coefficients ρxh and ρxv are used. Rough estimates of the raindrop mean canting angles and the rms width of the canting angle distribution are obtained from the co-cross-polar correlation coefficients in combination with other polarimetric variables.

Analysis of the two cases indicates that the raindrop net canting angles averaged over the propagation paths near the ground in typical convective cells do not exceed 2.5°. Nonetheless, the mean canting angles in individual radar resolution volumes in rain can be noticeably higher. Although the net canting angle for individual convective cells can deviate by a few degrees from zero, the average over a long propagation path along several cells is close to zero, likely because canting angles in different cells vary in sign.

The rms width of the canting angle distribution in rain is estimated to vary mainly between 5° and 15° with the median value slightly below 10°.
CLIMATE AND CROP SERVICE
Authors: BERRY JAMES
Published: March 2011

No Abstract Available.
THE DROUGHT OF 1910–11 IN SOUTH CAROLINA
Authors: GEREN HARRY O.
Published: March 2011

No Abstract Available.
TORNADO IN SOUTHWEST MISSOURI, JUNE 15, 1912
Authors: REEDER GEORGE
Published: March 2011

No Abstract Available.
DISTRIClT NO. 9, COLORADO VALLEY
Authors: BRANDENBURG FREDERICK H.
Published: March 2011

No Abstract Available.
RAINFALL AND SPRING WHEAT
Authors: BLAIR T. A.
Published: March 2011

No Abstract Available.
The Local Winter Storm Scale: A Measure of the Intrinsic Ability of Winter Storms to Disrupt Society
Authors: Cerruti Brian J. , Decker Steven G.
Published: March 2011

A local winter storm scale (LWSS) is developed to categorize the disruption caused by winter storms using archived surface weather observations from a single location along the U.S. East Coast. Development of LWSS is motivated by the recognition that the observed societal impact from a given winter storm (called realized disruption here) arises from the convolution of two factors, the meteorological conditions that lead to disruption (i.e., intrinsic disruption) and society's susceptibility to winter weather. LWSS is designed to measure the first factor, intrinsic disruption. The scale uses maximum sustained winds, wind gusts, storm-total snowfall and icing accumulations, and minimum visibility to arrive at a categorical value between 0 and 5 inclusive. An alternate method is used to quantify the realized disruption that each storm produced and helps calibrate aspects of LWSS. All winter storms observed at Newark Liberty International Airport over the 15 cold seasons between 1995/96 and 2009/10 were categorized using LWSS. Focusing on one location reduces the variability in societal susceptibility, which allows the relationship between intrinsic disruption and realized disruption to be quantified.

Some important factors related to societal susceptibility were found to increase storms' realized disruption, including occurrence during a weekday, off-peak season, and less than two days subsequent to a previous storm. A closer examination of the 9–11 February 2010 winter storm demonstrates LWSS's ability to depict the spatial variability of the storm's intrinsic disruption. This information is used to infer variations in societal susceptibility between metropolitan areas and reveals the need for an instantaneous intrinsic disruption index to account for temporal variations in storm intensity.
U.S. Economic Sensitivity to Weather Variability
Authors: Lazo Jeffrey K. , Lawson Megan , Larsen Peter H. , Waldman Donald M.
Published: March 2011

To estimate the economic effects of weather variability in the United States, the authors define and measure weather sensitivity as the variability in economic output that is attributable to weather variability, accounting for changes in technology and changes in levels of economic inputs (i.e., capital, labor, and energy). Using 24 yr of economic data and weather observations, quantitative models of the relationship between state-level sectoral economic output and weather variability are developed for the 11 nongovernmental sectors of the U.S. economy; temperature and precipitation measures were used as proxies for all weather impacts. All 11 sectors are found to have statistically significant sensitivity to weather variability. Economic inputs were then constant and economic output was estimated in the 11 estimated sector models, varying the weather inputs only using 70 yr of historic weather observations. It was found that U.S. economic output varies by up to $485 billion yr−1 of 2008 gross domestic product, about 3.4%, owing to weather variability. U.S. states that are more sensitive to weather variability are identified and sectors are ranked by their degree of weather sensitivity. This work illustrates a valid approach to measuring the economic impact of weather variability, gives baseline information and methods for more detailed studies of the sensitivity of each sector to weather variability, and lays the groundwork for assessing the value of current or improved weather forecast information given the economic impacts of weather variability.
Results Of A Panel Discussion About The Energy Balance Closure Correction For Trace Gases
Authors: Foken Thomas , Aubinet Marc , Finnigan John J. , Leclerc Monique Y. , Mauder Mattthias , Paw U Kyaw Tha
Published: March 2011

No Abstract available.
Waniyetu Wówapi: Native American Records of Weather and Climate
Authors: Therrell Matthew D. , Trotter Makayla J.
Published: March 2011

Pictographic calendars called waniyetu wówapi or “winter counts” kept by several Great Plains Indian cultures (principally the Sioux or Lakota) preserve a record of events important to these peoples from roughly the seventeenth through the nineteenth centuries. A number of these memorable events include natural phenomena, such as meteor storms, eclipses, and unusual weather and climate. Examination of a selection of the available winter count records and related interpretive writings indicates that the Lakota and other native plains cultures recorded many instances of unusual weather or climate and associated impacts. An analysis of the winter count records in conjunction with observational and proxy climate records and other historical documentation suggests that the winter counts preserve a unique record of some of the most unusual and severe climate events of the early American period and provide valuable insight into the impacts upon people and their perceptions of such events in the ethnographically important region of the Great Plains.
Urban Energy Fluxes in Built-Up Downtown Areas and Variations across the Urban Area, for Use in Dispersion Models
Authors: Hanna Steven , Marciotto Edson , Britter Rex
Published: March 2011

Surface energy fluxes, at averaging times from 10 min to 1 h, are needed as inputs to most state-of-the-art dispersion models. The sensible heat flux is a major priority, because it is combined with the momentum flux to estimate the stability, the wind profile, and the turbulence intensities. Because of recent concerns about dispersion in built-up downtown areas of large cities, there is a need to estimate sensible heat flux in the midst of tall buildings. In this paper, the authors work with some high-quality and relevant but arguably underutilized data. The results of analysis of urban heat flux components from 10 locations in suburban and built-up downtown areas in Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, during the Joint Urban 2003 (JU2003) field experiment are presented here. At street level in the downtown area, in the midst of tall skyscrapers, the ground heat flux and the sensible heat flux are relatively large and the latent heat flux is relatively small when compared with concurrent fluxes observed in the upwind suburban areas. In confirmation of measurements in other cities, the sensible heat flux in the downtown area is observed to be slightly positive (10–20 W m−2) at night, indicating nearly neutral or slightly unstable conditions. Also in agreement with observations in other cities is that the ground heat flux in the downtown area has a magnitude that is 3 or 4 times that in suburban or rural areas. These results should permit improved parameterizations of sensible heat fluxes in the urban downtown area with tall buildings.
Spatial Patterns of Modeled Climate Feedback and Contributions to Temperature Response and Polar Amplification
Authors: Crook Julia A. , Forster Piers M. , Stuber Nicola
Published: March 2011

Spatial patterns of local climate feedback and equilibrium partial temperature responses are produced from eight general circulation models with slab oceans forced by doubling carbon dioxide (CO2). The analysis is extended to other forcing mechanisms with the Met Office Hadley Centre slab ocean climate model version 3 (HadSM3). In agreement with previous studies, the greatest intermodel differences are in the tropical cloud feedbacks. However, the greatest intermodel spread in the equilibrium temperature response comes from the water vapor plus lapse rate feedback, not clouds, disagreeing with a previous study. Although the surface albedo feedback contributes most in the annual mean to the greater warming of high latitudes, compared to the tropics (polar amplification), its effect is significantly ameliorated by shortwave cloud feedback. In different seasons the relative importance of the contributions varies considerably, with longwave cloudy-sky feedback and horizontal heat transport plus ocean heat release playing a major role during winter and autumn when polar amplification is greatest. The greatest intermodel spread in annual mean polar amplification is due to variations in horizontal heat transport and shortwave cloud feedback. Spatial patterns of local climate feedback for HadSM3 forced with 2 × CO2, +2% solar, low-level scattering aerosol and high-level absorbing aerosol are more similar than those for different models forced with 2 × CO2. However, the equilibrium temperature response to high-level absorbing aerosol shows considerably enhanced polar amplification compared to the other forcing mechanisms, largely due to differences in horizontal heat transport and water vapor plus lapse rate feedback, with the forcing itself acting to reduce amplification. Such variations in high-latitude response between models and forcing mechanisms make it difficult to infer specific causes of recent Arctic temperature change.
Use of Bellwether Samples to Enhance Pre-Election Poll Predictions: Science and Art
Authors: Paleologos David , Wilson Elizabeth J.
Published: March 2011

In this article, the authors document a new pre-election polling method that combines traditional probability sampling in statewide polls with sampling of bellwether districts. Against the backdrop of the 2008 presidential primary in New Hampshire, the authors explain how the Suffolk University/WHDH predictions, using additional bellwether tests, were closer than most other polls in correctly calling the Democratic primary race. Thus, the contributions in this article are twofold. The authors offer information that provides advances to the field of opinion research by describing the nature of electoral bellwether districts, a topic of recurring interest to public opinion scholars and practitioners. Second, they describe a process for selecting electoral bellwether districts. The authors explore the validity of their ideas by comparing pre-election poll data with bellwether tests to election outcomes for additional races in the state primaries and general election. They offer conclusions about the value and use of bellwether tests in the spirit of an open-source methodology to the opinion research community.
Staying “On Message”: Consistency in Content of Presidential Primary Campaign Messages Across Media
Authors: Benoit William L. , Glantz Mark J. , Phillips Anji L. , Rill Leslie A. , Davis Corey B. , Henson Jayne R. , Sudbrock Leigh Anne
Published: March 2011

This study investigates the extent to which candidates in the 2008 presidential primary campaign adhered to the convention wisdom that candidates should stay “on message.” Content analysis investigated multiple media (announcement speeches, TV spots, radio spots, debates, candidate webpages, and candidate MySpace/Facebook pages) from 9 Democratic and 12 Republican candidates. Four variables were investigated: functions, topics, party issue emphasis, and own party issue ownership. Although there was considerable consistency across message form, results revealed that 63 of 76 comparisons candidates were not consistent in tone, topic, party issue emphasis, or own party issue emphasis across messages. Post hoc analyses excluding debates (where the candidates have less control over the content of their messages, given the expectation that they will respond to the questions asked) revealed differences even among the message forms over which candidates have complete control over content.
New Kids on the Block: My First Time in a Political Community
Authors: Dudash Elizabeth A. , Harris Spencer
Published: March 2011

A historic election in 2008 brings up new questions about why there is a generational difference in political engagement. Younger generations became more involved in the latest election, and it is important for scholars to understand why this change occurred. In an effort to begin this conversation, the researchers asked young citizens to talk about their choice to vote or not vote, and to become more involved or ignore campaign 2008. Through a focus group investigation and an analysis of citizens’ responses, the researchers hope to further understand young citizens. Two themes found within the discussions are consistent with previous research: community and efficacy. However, this study explains some of the ways that these two motivations for action might be interlinked.
Keeping the Faith: The Ambivalent Commitments of Friedrich Engels
Authors: Boer Roland
Published: March 2011

The importance of the early religious commitment of Friedrich Engels, who had such an ambiguous effect on world history, is often recognised but rarely analysed. This article offers a critical treatment of the formative religious experience of the young Engels. His was a (Calvinist) Reformed upbringing and the faith he inherited was taken up with a zeal and exuberance he would later transfer to communism. In the early part of the article, this exuberance is balanced with Engels’s increasing frustrations with the narrow piety of his home town in Wuppertal, a frustration enhanced by his increasing engagement with critical biblical analysis in Germany at the time. The second half of the study deals with two features that would stay with Engels: his sense of the political ambivalence of Christianity, torn between reaction and revolution (as he saw it embodied in his formidable minister, F. W. Krummacher); and his intimate knowledge of the Bible, which would lead to a life-long practice of citing biblical passages at will. In the end, Engels may have lost his Christian faith, but he could not evict Christianity from his life and thought, returning to it again and again to explore its revolutionary potential.

L’influence exercée par Friedrich Engels sur l’histoire mondiale demeure ambiguë. Souvent reconnues par les chercheurs, les convictions religieuses du jeune Engels ont rarement été analysées. Cet article offre un regard critique sur l’expérience religieuse du jeune Engels. À la longue, il transformera en communisme la foi calviniste dans laquelle il a été formé, une foi qu’il a assumée avec zèle et exubérance. Dans la première partie de l’article, nous verrons que cette exubérance a été freinée par ses frustrations grandissantes devant la piété étroite de sa ville natale, Wuppertal; des frustrations exacerbées par son engagement avec la nouvelle critique biblique allemande. La suite de l’article traite de deux aspects qu’Engels retient tout au long de sa vie: la conviction que le christianisme (tel qu’il le voyait incarné chez son redoutable curé, F. W. Krummacher) était politiquement ambivalent, divisé entre réaction et révolution; et sa connaissance intime de la Bible, qui lui a permis tout au long de sa vie de citer des passages bibliques à volonté. Même si, à la longue, Engels a perdu sa foi chrétienne, il n’arrivait pas à évincer de sa vie et de sa pensée le christianisme et il y est retourné incessamment dans le but d’en exploiter le potentiel révolutionnaire.
Do Declining Private Insurance Coverage Rates Influence Pediatric Hospital Charging Practices?
Authors: Hains David S. , Reagan Patricia B. , Smoyer William E.
Published: March 2011

Objective: To analyze trends in primary payer composition for pediatric hospitalizations and insurance coverage rates from 2000 to 2006 and possible effects on hospital charging practices.

Design: We documented national trends in hospital charge-to-cost ratios and primary payer mixes for pediatric discharges from 2000 to 2006 using the Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project (HCUP) Kid’s Inpatient Database (KID). We then performed regression analyses at the hospital level to analyze associations between pediatric insurance coverage rates and hospital charge-to-cost ratios.

Results: We found pediatric inpatient charge-to-cost ratios increased dramatically during study period. Charge-to-cost ratios were higher for hospitals located in states with either higher uninsurance rates or a public-private coverage mix that was skewed towards public coverage.

Conclusions: This study provides evidence of both important changes in pediatric health insurance distribution in the United States and hospital charging practices.
Individual and Practice Characteristics Associated With Physician Provision of Recommended Care for Children With Special Health Care Needs
Authors: Kuo Dennis Z. , Robbins James M. , Burns Katherine H. , Casey Patrick H.
Published: March 2011

Objective. To examine physician and practice characteristics associated with recommended care practices for children with special health care needs (CSHCN). Methods. A survey of primary care physicians (PCPs) in Arkansas with a Medicaid caseload of ≥100 children was conducted. Predictor variables included physician specialty field, demographics, practice type, and percentage of patients with public insurance. Multivariate regression analyses described predictors associated with recommended care practices informed by literature. Results. Of 565 mailed surveys, 203 (36%) were returned. Solo/2-person practice was associated with recommended care practices, including written care plan (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] = 9.67, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 2.61-35.8), providing extra time (AOR = 3.52, 95% CI = 1.47-8.43), and providing community referrals (AOR = 3.05, 95% CI = 1.33-7.02). Female gender was associated with extra time (AOR = 2.26, 95% CI = 1.07-4.78) and providing community referrals (AOR = 2.83, 95% CI = 1.30-6.18). Conclusion. Future studies should examine characteristics of smaller practices that drive implementation of recommended care practices.
Religious Involvement, Religious Context, and Self-Assessed Health in Europe
Authors: Huijts Tim , Kraaykamp Gerbert
Published: March 2011

In the present study, the authors examine the extent to which effects of individual religious involvement on self-assessed health are influenced by the religious context (i.e., religious involvement at the country level). The authors test their expectations using individual level data ( N = 127,257) on 28 countries from the European Social Surveys (2002–2008). Results of multilevel analyses show that individual religious attendance is positively related to self-assessed health in Europe. Protestants appear to feel healthier than Catholics. Moreover, modeling cross-level interactions demonstrates that religious denominations at the national level are influential: The health advantage of Protestants as compared to Catholics is greater as the percentage of Protestants in a country is higher, yet smaller as countries have a higher percentage of Catholics. The association between religious attendance and self-assessed health does not depend on the national level of religious attendance.
Community and Drug Use among Gay Men
Authors: Carpiano Richard M. , Kelly Brian C. , Easterbrook Adam , Parsons Jeffrey T.
Published: March 2011

Gay neighborhoods serve as vital places for gay men’s socializing, yet few studies have examined their contributions to gay men’s health—either directly or indirectly via residents’ social networks. Drawing from theoretical perspectives on community and networks, we test hypotheses concerning whether gay neighborhoods and social network factors are associated with patterns of recent illicit drug use among a sample of 740 urban gay men from New York City. Higher odds of drug use were observed among individuals who resided in gay neighborhoods, had networks composed predominantly of other gay men, and had increased socialization with gay men. Network factors did not mediate associations between gay neighborhoods and drug use. These findings highlight the need to better contextualize the health risks faced by gay men by accounting for both neighborhood and network structures.
Factors Associated with the Guardianship of Places: Assessing the Relative Importance of the Spatio-Physical and Sociodemographic Contexts in Generating Opportunities for Capable Guardianship
Authors: Reynald Danielle M.
Published: March 2011

Routine activity theory can be applied to places in which a motivated offender encounters a suitable target that is not effectively guarded. The focus of this article was on the third aspect of this theory as the explanatory power of guardianship was examined and compared to other related contextual factors in explaining criminal victimization at micro-places. This empirical study used an observational measure of guardianship in action in residential places by observing household occupancy, monitoring by residents, and direct intervention during the daytime and nighttime. The results demonstrated the significant role of active guardianship compared to other spatio-physical and sociodemographic factors in explaining the amount of property crime recorded at the street segment level. This article is concluded by highlighting the ways in which these contextual factors help generate opportunities for capable guardianship, while simultaneously blocking opportunities for property crime.
The Emancipatory Effect of Deliberation: Empirical Lessons from Mini-Publics
Authors: Niemeyer Simon
Published: March 2011

This article investigates the prospects of deliberative democracy through the analysis of small-scale deliberative events, or mini-publics, using empirical methods to understand the process of preference transformation. Evidence from two case studies suggests that deliberation corrects preexisting distortions of public will caused by either active manipulation or passive overemphasis on symbolically potent issues. Deliberation corrected these distortions by reconnecting participants’ expressed preferences to their underlying “will” as well as shaping a shared understanding of the issue.The article concludes by using these insights to suggest ways that mini-public deliberation might be articulated to the broader public sphere so that the benefits might be scaled up. That mini-public deliberation does not so much change individual subjectivity as reconnect it to the expression of will suggests that scaling up the transformative effects should be possible so long as this involves communicating in the form of reasons rather than preferred outcome alone.
A Bilingual Vocabulary Size Test of English for Vietnamese Learners
Authors: Le Thi Cam Nguyen  , Nation Paul
Published: March 2011

This article describes the development and validation of a Vietnamese bilingual version of the Vocabulary Size Test — a test which measures written receptive vocabulary size. The test can be used to measure the English vocabulary size of Vietnamese learners of English. A learner’s total vocabulary size is calculated by multiplying their test result by 100. The research adds to our knowledge of vocabulary size testing in the following ways. First, it shows that a bilingual version of a monolingual test performs in much the same way as the monolingual test, distinguishing learners of different proficiency levels and returning lower scores at later levels of the test. Second, it shows that every level of the test should be sat, otherwise there will be a considerable underestimation of learners’ vocabulary sizes. This suggests limitations to the previously accepted assumption that learners’ vocabulary growth can be largely related to word frequency. Third, it shows that bilingual tests are feasible alternatives to more challenging and time-consuming monolingual tests.
‘And so that was it’: Linking Adverbials in Student Academic Presentations
Authors: Zareva Alla
Published: March 2011

Linking adverbials not only perform connecting functions between units of discourse but also facilitate the logical flow of a presentation and significantly affect the ways meaning is organized and conveyed by speakers and interpreted by listeners. The study examined comparatively L1 (n = 16) and L2 (n = 16) student presenters’ uses of linking adverbials in an attempt to uncover their range of forms, semantic types, frequency, and positions in L1 and L2 presentations. The analysis revealed that the two groups shared a great deal of commonalities in their choices of linking adverbials in terms of semantic types, forms, frequency, and position of these linking devices. It also identified a few specific cases of over-uses of certain types and forms in the L2 data that ESL presenters should be explicitly made aware of in their English language instruction.
MIMO simulator of call server input lines occupancy
Authors: Klampfer Saša , Kotnik Bojan , Svečko Janja , Mezgec Zdenko , Mohorko Jože , Chowdhury Amor
Published: March 2011

This paper presents and solves the problems of modeling and designing the necessary capacity and the adequate capacity of accepting input connections serving the calls into the system. The main aim of the research work is finding the optimum number of input server connections while minimizing the number of rejected requests according to a specific maximum number of expected calls in a specific time-interval, i.e. at peak-hour. With the results obtained we wish to model and optimize the planning and the dimensioning of the processing server as well as reduce the costs of this, since hiring an input line actually presents quite a substantial cost. Therefore it is necessary to first determine how many input connections are needed to serve a certain quota of users at a specific moment by using the methods of statistical modeling. On the basis of obtained results we can then assess whether a certain segment has too many or not enough input connections. The objective of the presented multiple-input and multiple-output (MIMO) simulator is to raise the level and the quality of service and at the same time lower the costs of hiring input connections. This paper presents the key segments composing the call and server system (ordinary, lamer and dummy caller model, statistical Gaussian curve of calls distribution, mechanisms of accepting and rejecting calls, management of input connections capacity, random call triggering, etc.). The above-mentioned segments represent the models and the sub-models of the simulator. They have been derived using the methods of statistical modeling. The optimum solution can be found manually or automatically using the method of automation of simulation runs and incrementing/decrementing the parameter of the number of input connections into the system. Searching the optimum number of input connections manually is an entirely empirical method, where the user manually changes the mentioned parameter, and is looking for a scenario in which the result of the simulator regarding the number of rejected calls is minimal. With an automatic search the simulator automatically generates the number of runs with incrementing and decrementing the mentioned parameter in each, and thus automatically finds the optimum solution. This paper also presents an automatic analysis of simulation runs and a statistical final report, which includes a conclusion on the results obtained in different scenarios.
Ink and Holes
Authors: Dukes Richard L. , Stein Judith A.
Published: March 2011

We examined correlates and predictive associations of tattoos and body piercings among 1,462 Colorado students in grades 9 to 12. More boys (19%) than girls (17%) reported tattoos, but more girls (42%) than boys (16%) reported piercings (earlobes not included). Older students reported more body modification. Structural equation models showed that although girls generally reported less deviant behavior, the indirect effect of female gender mediated through piercings was toward greater deviance that was not an artifact of girls having more piercings. Pierced girls were less school oriented than girls without piercings; they reported more substance use than boys without piercings, and pierced girls did not differ from boys in weapons possession and delinquency. However, among pierced respondents, boys still reported a greater number of deviant behaviors than girls. Educators and other adults should become aware of the possible at-risk status of body-modified adolescents, especially among girls who have piercings.
Monitorial Citizens or Civic Omnivores? Repertoires of Civic Participation Among University Students
Authors: Hustinx Lesley , Meijs Lucas C. P. M. , Handy Femida , Cnaan Ram A.
Published: March 2011

In present-day societies, the extent to which young people still participate in civic life is an important matter of concern. The claim of a generational “decline” in civic engagement has been contested, and interchanged with the notion of a “replacement” of traditional engagement by new types of participation, and the emergence of the “monitorial citizen” who participates in more individualized ways. Concurrently, this study explored the assumption of a “pluralization” of involvement, advancing a new concept: the “civic omnivore,” characterized by an expanded civic repertoire. Drawing data from a sample of 1,493 Belgian and Dutch university students, we identify five repertoires of participation such as, disengaged students, classical volunteers, humanitarian citizens, monitorial citizens, and civic omnivores. Our findings support the pluralization thesis, by showing that young citizens are not exclusively engaged in new monitorial ways, yet also expand their civic repertoire by combining traditional and new forms in more complex ways.
The UK’s Reserve Forces: Retrospect and Prospect
Authors: Dandeker Christopher , Greenberg Neil , Orme Geoffrey
Published: March 2011

This article focuses on how the role and structure of the UK’s Reserve Forces have changed since their foundation before the First World War, with particular attention paid to the last two decades, during which time government has sought to make the Reserves more useable and relevant to post-Cold War military missions, including changing the legislative and administrative basis of their use. Since 9/11, Reserves have played an important role in the defense of the United Kingdom, particularly in operations in Afghanistan and Iraq, but the recent financial crisis has spurred further consideration of how best to structure and use this capability, which has been included as part of the recent Strategic Defence and Security Review (SDSR). The article analyses the current debate on whether the number of Reserve Forces should be cut or increased, and on how best to integrate their efforts with those of the Regular Forces. It also considers the evidence on the recent operational experience of Reserve Forces and its impact on a number of personnel issues, including recruitment, retention, and their health and well-being. The differences between the health and well-being outcomes for Reserve and Regular Forces are discussed and future lines of research enquiry highlighted, while the implications for the comparative analysis of Reserve Forces are also drawn out.
The New York School of Philanthropy, the Bureau of Municipal Research, and the Trail of the Missing Women
Authors: Schachter Hindy Lauer
Published: March 2011

This article uses archival research to analyze the role of the New York School of Philanthropy as a precursor to the Bureau of Municipal Research (BMR) Training School, which is generally considered the first professional public administration program in America. The article argues that the two organizations had similar curricula and aspirations in the early Progressive period, particularly from 1907 to 1912, but that subsequently their paths diverged; the School of Philanthropy became associated with social work education rather than public administration and policy development. The argument is made that the subsequent divergence aided enforcing stereotypical gender assumptions in both fields and the disappearance of female pioneers from public administration history and textbooks between 1920 and the 1990s. As donor pressure sparked the divergence, the article also contributes to understanding the role of funding agents in setting public administration’s research agenda.
On the Problem of Adopting Pragmatism in Public Administration
Authors: Snider Keith F.
Published: March 2011

Answering the question, “Should public administration adopt pragmatism?” requires some agreement on what pragmatism means and what that adoption might entail. This article argues that such agreement does not currently exist and, without it, calls by administrative theorists for adoption will not receive their intended responses.
‘You will desire to see and you will not see [it]’: Reading Luke 17.22 as Antanaclasis
Authors: Lang T.J.
Published: March 2011

This article argues for a reading of Lk. 17.22 as antanaclasis, which is a form of rhetorical wordplay in which the same (or a similar) term is repeated, but in two different senses. According to this reading, Jesus introduces his discourse to the disciples (vv. 22-37) with the prediction that in the coming days they will desire to ‘see’ (as in witness) one of the days of the Son of Man but they will not ‘see’ (as in comprehend) these days when they occur among them so long as they fail to understand that suffering is primary to the Son of Man’s identity. Such a reading coheres with the larger Lukan theme of the blindness of the disciples to the necessity of Jesus’ passion. Such a reading also requires a rethinking of the assumption that the subject of Jesus’ discourse in 17.22-37 is the parousia.
Pushing Back: Some Questions for Discussion
Authors: Barclay John M.G.
Published: March 2011

An appreciative and critical response to C. Kavin Rowe’s World Upside Down: Reading Acts in the Graeco-Roman Age which identifies two significant questions. First, does Rowe over-simplify matters by presenting the church in Acts as a threat to ‘pagan culture’? Secondly, is the issue for Luke whether the Christian movement is politically ‘seditious’ or, more broadly, whether it fosters criminal activity? On both counts, does Rowe exaggerate the ‘tension’ he detects in Acts?
Schweitzer and Paul
Authors: Carleton Paget James
Published: March 2011

This article examines the history of Albert Schweitzer’s study of Paul, which culminated in probably his most important New Testament work, The Mysticism of Paul the Apostle . In it an attempt is made to address the question of the origins of Schweitzer’s singular theory about the apostle’s theology and the influences behind it. The claim is made that Schweitzer arrived at his theory relatively early, possibly by 1902. The article also addresses the question as to why Schweitzer decided to pen Mysticism so late, in 1930, when he had ceased to be a New Testament scholar and was engaged with work of a different kind.
A multi-purpose test-bed design for alternative diesel fuels
Authors: Ergenç Alp Tekin , Ergenç Ali Fuat
Published: March 2011

In recent years, the researchers intend to discover new renewable energy resources and technologies because of the decrease of fossil fuel stocks of the Earth (such as coal, petroleum, natural gas, etc.). The current trend in the alternative fuel studies emphasizes the amount of biomass in the energy sources. The diesel fuel based on biomass, which is called biodiesel, is a candidate to be an alternative fuel for petroleum-based diesel. It was observed that the blends of biodiesel and diesel (B20 + D80 etc.) exhibit better performance than the pure version of biodiesel. On the other hand, in order to minimize the loss of performance related to the use of biodiesel as the engine fuel, system modelling of the engine should be established. A test bed is needed to conduct experiments to examine the parameters of the system and performance correlation. For this purpose, a classic single-cylinder diesel engine, Lombardini LDA 450, is modified. In this new R&D engine system, the number of injections, injection timing, duration and injection pressure (600–1600 bar) are adjustable and controllable. Preliminary experiments have shown promising results.
Parent involvement at school entry: A national examination of group differences and achievement
Authors: Graves Scott L. , Brown Wright Lynda
Published: March 2011

This research examined the scope of parental involvement at school entry and sought to determine what, if any, differences existed between ethnic groups. In addition, the researcher attempted to determine if parental involvement was related to academic achievement at school entry. Participants were the African American and European American parents and children who participated in the Early Childhood Longitudinal Study (ECLS-K; US Department of Education, 2005). Results from this project suggest that ethnic differences in parental involvement are present at school entry. In particular, European American parents were more like to be involved in home-based parental involvement activities such as reading to their children while African American parents were more likely to be involved in school related activities such as volunteering at school. In addition, the analysis suggests that parent involvement was only slightly related to reading achievement at school entry. The study is discussed in terms of its implications for future research towards narrowing the achievement gap.
Results of the Aprender a Convivir Program for development of social competence and prevention of antisocial behavior in four-year-old children
Authors: Benítez Juan L. , Fernández María , Justicia Fernando , Fernández Eduardo , Justicia Ana
Published: March 2011

The present study is the result of implementing an antisocial behavior prevention program in preschool education. The intervention goal was to prevent the emergence of antisocial behaviors through developing social competence in the participants. The program, called Aprender a Convivir, is divided into four modules by topic: rules and rule-following, emotions and feelings, communication skills, and helping and cooperation skills. The intervention was carried out during the academic year 2007—2008. The sample was composed of four-year-old pupils (n = 147) divided between a control group (n = 69) and an experimental group (n = 78). Results were obtained by administering the Child Behavior Checklist—Teacher Report Form (CBCL-TRF) and the Preschool and Kindergarten Behavior Scales (PKBS) for teachers and parents. Results show a noteworthy reduction in antisocial behaviors and a substantial improvement in social competence among experimental group members.
Who benefits from cooperative learning with movement activity?
Authors: Shoval Ella , Shulruf Boaz
Published: March 2011

The goal of this study is to identify learners who are most likely to benefit from a small group cooperative learning strategy, which includes tasks involving movement activities. The study comprised 158 learners from five second and third grade classes learning about angles. The research tools included structured observation of each learner and pre- and post-tests. The analysis identified three behavioural clusters: ‘active’, ‘social’ and ‘passive’. The results suggest that students who are physically active while seeking knowledge and/or solutions are more successful than their peers who are more socially active, even if initially they were lower achievers. Passive students demonstrated the lowest academic achievements. This study points to a possible solution for the problems that cooperative group learning, based mainly on verbal interaction, often encounter at the primary education level.
Psychologists’ response to crises: International perspectives
Authors: Rees Paul , Seaton Niels
Published: March 2011

Tragically, for many schools, the possibility of a crisis such as a natural disaster, extreme violence or a potentially traumatising threat has become a reality. Specialist input from a local psychology service is often sought at such a time. To help one service within the United Kingdom (UK) learn from the experience of other psychologists a survey was constructed and subsequently completed by 277 psychologists from around the world including Australia, Canada, France, Germany, The Netherlands, Saudi Arabia, Scandinavia, Slovakia, Switzerland, Turkey, UK, and USA. The survey provides insight into the experience of psychologists in responding to crises, for example, the nature of the crises, the extent of collaboration with others, the level of training undertaken, and the level of confidence psychologists have in this area of work. Of particular interest are the models, resources, and theories that psychologists have used and the advice that they have found helpful. A number of international comparisons are made. The survey findings suggest that collaboration is seen as highly important to effective practice. Attention is also drawn to the important work that the International Crisis Response Network of the International School Psychology Association (ISPA) is undertaking in promoting an integrated model of practice.
Diabetes Educators in Safety-Net Practices
Authors: Kahn Linda S. , Glaser Kathryn , Fox Chester H. , Patterson Adam
Published: March 2011

Purpose

The purpose of this study was to explore the issues and challenges faced by certified diabetes educator (CDE) trainees in providing diabetes self-management education to patients in safety-net practices.

Methods

Semi-structured interviews were conducted with CDE trainees and a CDE mentor in 2 primary care practices. Transcripts were analyzed using a content-driven immersioncrystallization approach to identify major themes.

Results

Four major themes emerged from the qualitative interview data: (1) patient recruitment approaches, (2) patient barriers to attending diabetes education classes, (3) teaching challenges, and (4) CDE integration into the practices.

Conclusions

This study underscores the need for diabetes educators and other health education professionals to be creative and flexible in delivering self-management education to patients in underserved settings. The complexity of diabetes care and the self-care responsibilities placed on the patient reinforce the need for a team approach such as that proposed in the medical home model and should include certified diabetes educators.
Agency Costs, Family Ties, and Firm Efficiency
Authors: Herrero Ines
Published: March 2011

In this work, the author analyzes agency costs and their effect on efficiency in the context of small family firms. In particular, the author examines the effect that factors such as self-management, having related managers, and family employees exert on firm efficiency. The author offers some reasoning that may help to clarify agency problems for small firms. The author uses stochastic frontiers to measure and explain efficiency. The author’s focus is on small firms in the fishing sector, which are very important entities for the development of certain local communities.
Organizational Neuroscience: Taking Organizational Theory Inside the Neural Black Box
Authors: Becker William J. , Cropanzano Russell , Sanfey Alan G.
Published: March 2011

This article introduces the reader to organizational neuroscience, an emerging area of scholarly dialogue that explores the implications of brain science for workplace behavior. The authors begin by discussing how going inside the brain adds new levels of analysis that can advance and connect theories of organizational behavior. They then present three concrete examples of what an organizational neuroscience perspective can achieve by extending current theory, providing new research directions, and resolving ongoing theoretical debates. Last, the authors address a number of deeper metatheoretical questions raised by neuroscience, concluding that it brings new insights that will force scholars to rethink their concept of human nature.
Incremental mining of closed inter-transaction itemsets over data stream sliding windows
Authors: Chiu Shih-Chuan , Li Hua-Fu , Huang Jiun-Long , You Hsin-Han
Published: March 2011

Mining inter-transaction association rules is one of the most interesting issues in data mining research. However, in a data stream environment the previous approaches are unable to find the result of the new-incoming data and the original database without re-computing the whole database. In this paper, we propose an incremental mining algorithm, called DSM-CITI (Data Stream Mining for Closed Inter-Transaction Itemsets), for discovering the set of all frequent inter-transaction itemsets from data streams. In the framework of DSM-CITI, a new in-memory summary data structure, ITP-tree, is developed to maintain frequent inter-transaction itemsets. Moreover, algorithm DSM-CITI is able to construct ITP-tree incrementally and uses the property to avoid unnecessary updates. Experimental studies show that the proposed algorithm is efficient and scalable for mining frequent inter-transaction itemsets over stream sliding windows.
Power as Practice: A Micro-sociological Analysis of the Dynamics of Emancipatory Entrepreneurship
Authors: Goss David , Jones Robert , Betta Michela , Latham James
Published: March 2011

This paper contributes to a recent movement to reframe entrepreneurship theory into a more critical and reflexive mode. It builds on the processual notion of entrepreneuring-as-emancipation to theorize a balanced conception of agency and active constraint rooted in the notion of power rituals. We develop a micro-sociological analysis of power rituals that conceives power reproduction and entrenchment as a ‘practice-based’ activity that focuses on what power holders and subordinates concretely do, think and feel. This makes emotion a key dimension of entrepreneurial agency and redefines constraining barriers to agency in terms of a social process of ‘barring’. This novel approach is illustrated using an autobiographical account of a social entrepreneurship project. On the basis of this analysis, a number of insights are provided into the ways in which the power-as-practice approach can inform wider debates in organization studies where the notions of agency and constraint are linked to issues of power and resistance.