bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Rural–urban comparison of routine immunization utilization and its determinants in communities in Anambra States, Nigeria
Authors: Sibeudu Florence Tochukwu , Uzochukwu Benjamin SC , Onwujekwe Obinna E
Published: January 2019

Objectives:

The study determined the levels of geographic differences in the utilization of routine immunization between households in an urban and a rural community. It also identified and compared the determinants of utilization of routine immunization in the two geographic areas.

Method:

The study was undertaken in two randomly selected communities (one rural and one urban) in Anambra State, Nigeria. Interviewer-administered questionnaires were used to collect information on utilization of immunization services from households. Data were analyzed using descriptive and multiple logistic regression analyses.

Result:

Households in the urban community had a higher level of utilization of routine immunization (95.5%) than those in the rural community (75.3%) and the difference was statistically significant (p < 0.05). It was also found that more rural dwellers (83.3%) received immunization services from public health facilities compared to the urban dwellers (42%; p < 0.05). Health facilities were nearer to households in the urban community than the rural community (p < 0.05). Mean cost of service per visit was higher in the urban community (p < 0.05), but the difference in the mean cost of transportation per visit was not significant (p = 0.125). Regression analysis shows that place of residence was highly significant for utilization of routine immunization services (p < 0.05).

Conclusion:

Urban–rural differences exist in utilization of routine immunization services. Health facilities are more proximal to consumers in the urban community than the rural community, with higher travel costs among rural dwellers. Ensuring that there is a functional primary healthcare center in every ward and provision of routine immunization services in market places on local market days can help to increase utilization and reduce rural–urban differences in utilization of immunization services.
Technical feasibility of EUS‐guided antegrade dilation for hepaticojejunostomy anastomotic stricture using novel endoscopic device (with videos)
Authors: Ueshima Kazuya , Ogura Takeshi , Nishioka Nobu , Miyano Akira , Okuda Atsushi , Imanishi Miyuki , Higuchi Kazuhide
Published: January 2019

Background

A novel endoscopic dilation device (EZ Dilator; Zeon Medical Co, Tokyo, Japan) is now available in Japan that might affect dilation for biliary strictures under endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) and endoscopic ultrasound (EUS) guidance because it has good push ability. We evaluated the technical feasibility of this device under EUS guidance in a case series of patients with hepaticojejunostomy anastomotic stricture (HJAS) that led to further complications.

Method

We enrolled 14 patients with HJAS leading to obstructive jaundice or repeated cholangitis in this study. Technical success was defined as insertion of the EZ Dilator into the intestine across the stricture site without the need for other dilation devices. Deployed plastic stents were removed after three months to evaluate anastomosis sites.

Results

The median procedural duration was 25 minutes. Rates of technical and clinical success were 100% and 78.5%, respectively. One patient developed an adverse event of abdominal pain. Contrast medium flowed across the anastomosis site in 11 patients after stent removal, indicating a clinical success rate of 78.5% (11 of 14). Plastic stents were deployed again in the remaining three patients.

Conclusion

Although a prospective evaluation with long‐term follow up is needed, the EZ Dilator shows clinical promise for treating benign biliary strictures under ERCP and EUS guidance.
Should primary microsurgical ligation of varicocele be the gold standard approach?
Authors: Jallad Samer , Khan Muhammad Jamal , Desai Ankit , Kalsi Jas
Published: January 2019

Introduction:

Varicocele is a common condition affecting over one in 10 men, and in cases with abnormal semen parameters, varicocele is present in about one in four men. Several methods have been used to treat this condition, of which microsurgical treatment has the lowest failure and complication rates. We present a single-centre UK series of microsurgical repair of varicocele.

Methods:

All microsurgical varicocelectomy cases performed between 2013 and 2017 were retrospectively identified and reviewed. The approach used is low inguinal using a high-powered Leica microscope.

Results:

Microsurgical varicocele repairs were performed in 30 cases, with a median age of 34.7 years. There were 22 cases with chronic scrotal pain of which eight cases had failed previous embolisation with a success rate of 90.5%. There were eight with oligoasthenoteratozoospermia, showing an improvement of more than 75% in sperm count after repair.

Conclusions:

Microsurgical ligation is a very effective treatment for symptomatic varicoceles and should be considered when radiological embolisation has failed. It is also effective in improving semen parameters in all followed up oligoasthenoteratozoospermia cases. It should be considered a primary method of varicocele treatment in the UK.

Level of evidence:

3.
Testicular cancer in men with undescended testis: Insights from the Thames Valley Testicular Cancer database
Authors: Bryant Richard J , Hobbs Catherine , Richardson Charlotte , Fox Sebastian , Joseph Johnson , Verrill Clare , Woodcock Victoria K , Sullivan Mark E , Protheroe Andrew S
Published: January 2019

Objective:

Undescended testis (UDT) increases the risk of testicular cancer (TCa) development. Historical evidence suggests that malignant transformation of uncorrected UDT primarily results in seminomas, whereas mixed germ cell tumours predominate in corrected UDT; however, the risk of malignancy in the ‘normal’ contralateral testis is unclear. We investigated the contemporary Oxford TCa cohort to report the frequency of prior UDT and types of tumours developing in the prior UDT and normal contralateral testis.

Patients and Methods:

A 607 patient contemporary TCa cohort within the Thames Valley Testicular Cancer database.

Results:

Of men with new TCa, 8% had a history of UDT. Of men with TCa and prior UDT, 61% developed seminomas, whereas 56% of men with TCa without previous UDT developed this subtype. Among men with prior UDT, 77% developed tumours in the UDT, whilst 23% developed TCa in the contralateral normal testis.

Conclusion:

Seminoma was the most frequent malignancy following UDT, with a greater frequency than without prior UDT. Around one in four TCa patients with UDT developed contralateral tumours, emphasising the need for self-examination of both testes. Advice should be given to any patient with a history of UDT stressing the importance of ongoing self-examination of both testes.

Level of evidence:

Level 4.
The Relationship Between Psychological Contract Breach and Job-Related Attitudes Within a Manufacturing Plant
Authors: Abela Franklin , Debono Manwel
Published: January 2019

This study investigates the relationship between psychological contract breach (PCB) and three employee attitudes, namely organizational citizenship behavior (OCB), trust in the organization, and intention to leave the job. The study was carried out in an industrial plant in the chemical sector situated in Malta, which was in the process of a takeover from a multinational. Survey data were collected from 258 employees, representing 47% of the workforce in the plant. Results indicate that PCB is negatively related to trust and positively related to the intention to leave the job. The negative relationship between PCB and trust is stronger among female employees. On the other hand, the positive relation between PCB and intention to leave the job is strongest among workers with longer tenure. PCB is only moderately related to OCB among female workers. A number of conceptual and managerial implications are highlighted.
Climate Change and Monsoon: Looking Into Its Antecedents
Authors: Gawali Praveen B. , Lakshmi B. V. , Deenadayalan K.
Published: January 2019

Climate change is a tricky issue. The Indian subcontinent has experienced many regional and local climatic changes in its past. There is overwhelming geological evidence of global climatic changes which are associated with extinctions and new life form adaptations. The Indian subcontinent is governed by monsoonal precipitation inextricably linked with the socioeconomic conditions of its citizenry. The subcontinent has a long coastline which is prone to sea level changes having potential to displace millions of people. The agriculture, dependent on the monsoonal precipitation, is already showing signs of disarray. Floods and droughts have been visiting regions that were hitherto immune to these hazards. The fast-eroding green cover and forests has unleashed extinctions of life forms that are so vital to the well-being of the environment. In climate change dynamics, many variables, and not a single one, have a role to play. Humans have the capacity to tackle this situation, and all the nations need to come together to fight the menace of climate change, that is part natural and part man-made. The technological innovations are long overdue to mitigate the hazards faced.
Being-Disrupted and Being-Disruptive: Coping Students in Uncertain Times
Authors: Ødegård Magnar
Published: January 2019

In the light of Martin Heidegger and Hubert Dreyfus’s concepts of being-in-the-world and skillful coping, this article addresses disruptions students face in modern society. Such disruptions involve pressure for achievement and lack of belonging to communities. In the discussion, the article presents the terms being-disrupted and being-disruptive. These terms outline ways students could cope with disruptions in their everyday practices. These practices include students’ relations to society and other people. Further elements addressed in the discussion are students’ interrelatedness with the world, their moods, and willingness to take risks. The article is part of the research project “A Comparative Study of Disruptive Behavior Between Schools in Norway and the United States.”
Corporate Sustainable Longevity: Scale Development and Validation
Authors: Ahmad Shabir , Omar Rosmini , Quoquab Farzana
Published: January 2019

From the roots of corporate longevity that has been built by previous researchers, this article enhances existing work toward measuring the concept of corporate sustainable longevity (CSL) beyond an average firm’s age. By adopting the sequential exploratory mixed method, we performed this study in two phases: qualitative followed by quantitative. In the first phase, we used the Delphi method to verify and validate the thematic elements of the construct and generated a pool of items from the extant literature. In the second phase, we collected the data twice through a survey questionnaire (pilot N = 200 and final N = 271) and validated the scale through exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses. The results generated a five-factor structure of CSL with model fit indices, root mean square error of approximation (RMSEA) = 0.15, goodness-of-fit index (GFI) = 0.917, adjusted goodness-of-fit index (AGFI) = 0.901, normed fit index (NFI) = 0.938, incremental fix index (IFI) = 0.996 with comparative fit index (CFI) = 0.996 with satisfactory discriminant and convergent validities. Cronbach’s alpha ranging from 0.89 to 0.90 provided an evidence of internal consistency reliability of the CSL scale. This novel scale fills the gap in the literature by enabling practitioners and researchers in anticipating the firm’s ability to survive in the long run. The significance and limitations of the study are discussed in the end.
I Just Don’t Want to Be Judged: Cultural Capital’s Impact on Student Plagiarism
Authors: Strangfeld Jennifer A.
Published: January 2019

This research explores how college students’ broader educational histories affect their decisions to plagiarize. While research typically categorizes plagiarism as intentional or unintentional, explanations revealed in interviews of first-generation, working-class, and/or racial minority students suggests that these typologies inadequately capture the complex reasons some students express for plagiarizing. Specifically, students in this study plagiarize primarily because they are concerned that not only are their vocabulary and writing skills subpar, but that they do not fit into the college student role. Their explanations are situated within Bourdieu’s framework of cultural capital, whereby students’ decisions to plagiarize are rooted in the outcomes stemming from educational practices that reinforce class hierarchies. Consequently, students’ plagiarism experiences are contextualized within their broader educational histories rather than limited to the immediate circumstances surrounding their academic dishonesty.
Beyond Four Forces: The Evolution of Psychotherapy
Authors: Fleuridas Colette , Krafcik Drew
Published: January 2019

One framework for studying the evolution or development of personality theory and psychotherapy is the concept of forces—theoretical models, paradigms, dimensions, movements, or worldviews—that have made significant contributions to and shaped the field. This article describes and documents the rise of this evolutionary construct, the identification of the first three forces of psychotherapy (psychoanalytic, behavioral, and humanistic-existential), and the naming of the fourth force given to several, significant theoretical paradigms (transpersonal psychology, family systems, feminist psychology, multicultural psychology, ecopsychology, and social constructivism and postmodernism). In the past decade, a fifth force (social justice and advocacy) has been widely acknowledged. An integrative, inclusive, and holistic conceptualization of psychotherapy is presented as an emerging sixth force. These evolutionary milestones of the field demonstrate an expanding process that has become increasingly more integrative; a more comprehensive, systemic, and holistic approach is needed to better address diverse individual, community, and global needs.
FDI Inflows in India: An Analysis of the Trend During 2004–2018 and Future Projections for the Next Decade
Authors: Madaan Rachna , Bhandari Jitender , Mishra Shraddha
Published: January 2019

Developing economies have been seeing an exhaustive rise of foreign direct investment (FDI) inflows all through the past two decades. Traditionally, India has pursued an enormously cautious approach; however, in 1991, India initiated the process of economic reforms towards a more open economy and got the sequence of processes to draw more FDI. The present study depends on the secondary data, and the time of the study is from 2004 to 2018. The FDI inflows have increased from US$5,777.8 million in 2004 to US$61,963.1 million in 2018. This article aims to present the descriptive analysis of FDI inflows in India during the selected period and also describes the long-term trend as well as the growth history of FDI inflows. The motivation behind this article is to make an effort to forecast the FDI Inflows in India for the coming years with the help of growth analysis, trend analysis and ARIMA (Autoregressive integrated Moving Average) forecasting. The result of future projections shows a positive trend indicating manifold increase in FDI inflows in India in the coming years.
IPO’s Underpricing: Trends, Determinants and Role of Underwriters
Authors: Singh Amit Kumar , Kumar Mohit
Published: January 2019

In this study, we examine the trends of the initial public offering (IPO) market, a relationship between the composition of underwriters and size of firms and determinants of underpricing in small, medium and large firms. The sample data period is from November 2003 to March 2018. We have found that large firms have been deploying book-running lead managers (BRLMs) twice as much as in medium and small firms. Similarly, the total number of underwriters in IPOs of large firms are found to be more than small and medium size IPOs. However, uses of syndicate services do not seem to have much difference among all categories of the firms. The IPOs are growing in terms of number of IPOs, size of IPOs (fund raised) and the average size of IPOs. Offer subscription has been found to be a common determinant to explain underpricing across the categories. It can be concluded that advertisement seems to reduce information asymmetry in a large market but does the opposite in a medium-sized market. Age of public firms can reduce the information asymmetry, but statistical shreds of evidence have been found only in case of large-sized firms. For medium-sized firms, BRLMs can help to reduce information asymmetry and consequently have low underpriced IPO offer.
Is Regular Migration Safer Migration? Insights from Thailand
Authors: Bylander Maryann
Published: January 2019

In the context of sharply increasing levels of international migration, development actors across Southeast Asia have begun to focus their attention on programming intended to make migration safer for aspiring and current migrant workers. These projects, however, typically begin with the assumption that more regular, orderly migration is also safer for migrants, an idea built into the language of the Sustainable Development Goals and the Global Compact on Migration. This article questions this assumption. It takes as its starting point the observation that migrant workers who move through legal channels do not systematically experience better outcomes among a range of indicators. Based on data collected from Cambodian, Burmese, Laotian, and Vietnamese labor migrants recently returned from Thailand, this work highlights the limits of regular migration to provide meaningfully “safer” experiences. Although migrants moving through regular channels report better pay and working conditions than those who moved through irregular channels, they also systematically report working conditions that do not meet legal standards, and routinely experience contract substitution. In other areas, regular migrants generally fare similarly to or worse than irregular migrants. They are more likely to experience deception and to have written or verbal agreements broken in migration processes. On arrival in Thailand, they routinely have their documents held, and they are more likely than irregular migrants to experience harassment and abuse both in the migration process and at their worksites. They are also more likely to return involuntarily and to struggle with financial insecurity and indebtedness after returning. These findings challenge mainstream development discourses seeking to promote safer migration experiences through expanding migration infrastructure. At the same time, they highlight the need for policymakers, development actors, and migration practitioners to reconsider the conflation of “safe” with “regular and orderly” migration throughout their programming.
The Differential Expression Profiles of miRNA-let 7a, 7b, and 7c in Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid From Infants With Asthma and Airway Foreign Bodies
Authors: Zhang Hang-Hu , Li Cai-Xue , Tang Lan-Fang
Published: January 2019

The aim of this study was to investigate the expression patterns of miRNA-let 7a, 7b, and 7c in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid in infants with asthma and airway foreign bodies. Between January 2016 and February 2017, 27 infants were included and divided into observation group (infants with asthma, n = 15) and control group (infants with airway foreign bodies, n = 12). The differential expression profiles of miRNA-let 7a, 7b, and 7c were determined by reverse transcription–polymerase chain reaction in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) from infants of the 2 groups. The BALF was collected from infants undergoing flexible bronchoscopy. MiRNA-let 7a, 7b, and 7c increased significantly in infants from observation group as compared with control group (2.72 ± 0.48 vs 1, 8.23 ± 1.64 vs 1, 3.16 ± 0.62 vs 1, respectively). The increased expression of miRNA-let 7a, 7b, and 7c were associated with the asthma of infants.
The associated factors for radiation dose variation in cardiac CT angiography
Authors: Alhailiy Ali B , Ekpo Ernest U , Kench Peter L , Ryan Elaine A , Brennan Patrick C , McEntee Mark
Published: January 2019

Objective:

This study aimed to examine the associated factors for dose variation and influence cardiac CT angiography (CCTA) dose benchmarks in current CT imaging centres.

Methods:

A questionnaire was distributed to CT centres across Australia and Saudi Arabia. All participating centres collected data for adults who underwent a CCTA procedure. The questionnaire gathered information about the examination protocol, scanning parameters, patient parameters, and volume CT dose index (CTDI vol) and dose–length product (DLP). A stepwise regression analysis was performed to assess the contribution of tube voltage (kV), padding time technique, cross-sectional area (CSA) of chest and weight to DLP.

Results:

A total of 17 CT centres provided data for 423 CCTA examinations. The median CTDIvol, DLP and effective dose were 18 mGy, 256 mGy.cm and 5.2 mSv respectively. There was a statistically significant difference in DLP between retrospective and prospective ECG-gating modes (p = 0.001). Median DLP from CCTA using padding technique was 61% higher than CCTA without padding (p = 0.001). The stepwise regression showed that kV was the most significant predictor of DLP followed by padding technique then CSA while patient weight did not statistically significantly predict DLP. Correlation analysis showed a strong positive correlation between weight and CSA (r = 0.78), and there was a moderate positive correlation between weight and DLP (r = 0.42), as well as CSA and DLP (r = 0.48).

Conclusion:

Findings show radiation dose variations for CCTA. The associated factors for dose variation found in this study are scanning mode, kV, padding time technique and CSA of the chest. This results support the need to include CSA measurements in future dose survey and for setting DRLs.

Advances in knowledge:

The study provides baseline information that helps to understand the associated factors for dose variations and high doses within and between centres performing CCTA.
Should we be moving to a national standardized non-gadolinium MR imaging protocol for the surveillance of vestibular schwannomas?
Authors: Currie Stuart , Saunders David , Macmullen-Price Jeremy , Verma Sanjay , Ayres Philip , Tait Caroline , Harwood Ceryl , Scarsbrook Andrew , Craven Ian J
Published: January 2019

Objectives:

To examine whether the model of Getting It Right First Time (GIRFT) could be relevant to the surveillance of non-operated vestibular schwannomas (vs) by testing the following hypotheses: (1) in the UK there is a great variation in the imaging protocol for the follow-up of vs; (2) high-resolution, T  2 weighted MRI (HRT  2W-MRI) has an equivalent accuracy to gadolinium-enhanced T  1 weighted MRI (Gd-MRI) in the assessment of vs size and; (3) imaging with HRT  2W-MRI rather than Gd-MRI could offer financial savings.

Methods:

Two neuroradiologists independently performed measurements of 50 vs imaged with HRT  2W-MRI and Gd-MRI. Differences in mean tumour measurements between HRT  2W-MRI and Gd-MRI were determined, as were intra- and interobserver concordance. Level of agreement was measured using Bland–Altman plots. Consultant neuroradiologists within 30 adult neurosurgical units in the UK were contacted via email and asked to provide the MRI protocol used for the surveillance of non-operated vs in their institution. The financial difference between scanning with HRT  2W-MRI and Gd-MRI was determined within Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust.

Results:

There was no statistically significant difference in the mean diameter of vs size, measured on HRT  2W-MRI and Gd-MRI (p = 0.28 & p = 0.74 for observers 1 and 2 respectively). Inter- and intraobserver concordance were excellent (Interclass correlation coefficient = 0.99, Interclass correlation coefficient ≥ 0.98 respectively). Differences between the two sequences were within limits of agreement. 26 of 30 UK neuroscience centres (87 % response rate) provided imaging protocols. 16 of the 26 (62%) centres use Gd-MRI for the surveillance of vs. HRT  2-MRI is £36.91 cheaper per patient than Gd-MRI.

Conclusion:

Variation exits across UK centres in the imaging surveillance of non-operated vs. HRT  2W-MRI and Gd-MRI have equivalent accuracy when measuring vs. Imaging with HRT  2W-MRI rather than Gd-MRI offers potential financial savings.

Advances in knowledge:

This study highlights the potential health and economic benefits of a national standardized imaging protocol for the surveillance of non-operated vs.
Practice and Human Form
Authors: Psarros Nikolaos
Published: January 2019

All variants of pragmatism share the flaw that their concepts of practice rely on the idea of the local value of actions with respect only to locally defined aims and not on the criterion of a universal goodness. This paper claims that such a criterion can be found with the aid of an ontologically founded theory of the Good, which regards forms not as solely noematic universals, but as real, though abstract, entities. The idea of goodness is derived from the thesis of the immediate knowledge of the Good. Further consequences of this form of theoretical foundation of goodness are the abandonment of the dogma of the immediate reference of language to the world as well as of the dogma of the primacy of acting over thinking.
The Utilitarian Stigma of Environmental Protection
Authors: Wawrzyniak Jan R.
Published: January 2019

In this paper I want to point out the multifaceted impact of utilitarianism as well as pragmatism, applied as the unified philosophy of environmental protection. Special attention is paid to the utilitarian  aspect of Marxism, and a continuous (1988-2018), comprehensive case study from Poland – in the context of  European economic realities – serves as an example of social receptionof the utilitarian paradigm in contemporary environmental protection policy.
Conserved structure of the NPR1 gene distal promoter isolated from a chili pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) in West Sumatera
Authors: Jamsari Jamsari , Oktavioni Maythesya , Nova Bastian , Candra Ifan Aulia , Asben Alfi , Syukriani Lily
Published: January 2019

Background: The non-expressor of pathogenesis related gene 1 (NPR1) protein is one of the key regulators in the systemic acquired resistance plant defence system. The cis-acting elements of its distal promoter gene are characterized by salicylic acid inducing elements such as the W-box, RAV1AAT and ASF1, accompanied with enhancer and silencer elements. This study was aimed to isolate and characterize the distal promoter sequence of the NPR1 gene (PD_CbNPR1) from the chili pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) genotype Berangkai, a local genotype known to produce large yields, but is susceptible to viral infection. Elucidating its sequence structure will open a broad range of possibilities to engineer the NPR1 gene expression which is important to improve chili pepper resistant.

Methods: PCR-based cloning combined with a primer walking strategy was applied in this study. The BioEdit tool was used to edit the sequence and verify sequence integrity, while homology analysis was conducted with BLASTn searching. Identification of a cis-acting element was detected by PLACE.

Results: Isolation of the complete distal promoter sequence of PD_CbNPR1 produced a fragment 5,950 bp in size. BLASTn search analysis indicated that PD_CbNPR1 sequence is highly conserved (99% homology) showing only a single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) (base substitution) compared with its reference sequence. Analysis using PLACE tools successfully identified nine cis-acting elements containing a W-box, WLE1, RAV1AAT, TATA-box, CAAT-box, GARE and GT1 with multi repeats and diverse motives, as well as enhancer and silencer elements, which is characterized by a CCAAT-box and GAGAAATT pattern, respectively.

Conclusion: The distal promoter of the NPR1 gene is highly conserved, showing only one SNP caused by one base substitution event.
The Responsibility Dilemma The Role of the R2P in the U.S. Foreign Policy since the Rwanda Genocide
Authors: Koper Natalia
Published: January 2019

This paper explores the role of the doctrine of the responsibility to protect (R2P) in shaping U.S. foreign policy in the post-Cold War period. Based on the in-depth study of declassified documents, public speeches, and other documents, this paper examines three case studies (Rwanda genocide, Iraq war, Libya conflict) as representative examples of the U.S.involvement in humanitarian crises abroad. The analysis reveals a consistently evolving narrative of a country fatalistically balancing the dilemma of responsibility. On the one side, having assumed the role of a global leader and norm-carrier, the United States is expected to act accordingly, and intervene in foreign humanitarian crises, safeguarding nations facing grave and continuous violations of human rights. On the other hand, every administration has been faced with the possibility of a backlash from either the public opinion, which does not prioritize humanitarian causes abroad, or the international community, which is not indifferent to violations of the principle of state sovereignty. As a result, the humanitarian narrative, albeit important, has been mainly applied as a secondary resource, and has not been the primary reason for interventions, as demonstrated with a number of inconsistencies in formulating foreign policies and employing the R2P rhetoric.
"Aur, aur… aurat" or Contemporary Autobiographies by Women in Hindi
Authors: Browarczyk Monika
Published: January 2019

The article in the opening section foregrounds theoretical debate on autobiography with particular reference to women’s writing in South Asia. Subsequently, it presents motivations for recent interest in the genre amongst women writing in Hindi and, eventually, it looks into the narrative strategies employed by Krishna Agnihotri (Lagtā nahī ̃ hai dil merā (‘My heart is not in it’), 1996; Aur, aur... aurat (‘And, and… woman’), 2010) and Maitreyi Pushpa (Kasturī kuṇḍal basai (‘Kasturi and Her Jewel of a Daughter’), 2002; Guṛiyā bhītar guṛiyā (‘A Doll within a Doll’), 2008). Agnihotri and Pushpa authored two volumes of autobiographies and the article further analyses their various strategies of constructing their ‘narrative selves’ and of particular arrangement of their life stories in two separate volumes.
The Poisoned Chalice of PSHE…
Authors: Bromley Matt
Published: January 2019

High-quality PSHE is essential to the wellbeing of our students. In the first of two articles, Matt Bromley advises on how to create and lead an effective programme of PSHE in 2019
Classroom strategies and ideas
Authors: Wilson Ruth
Published: January 2019

Continuing our series on supporting learners who have English as an additional language, Dr Ruth Wilson offers us some effective strategies for the secondary classroom
Tranexamic acid toxicity in human periarticular tissues
Authors: McLean M. , McCall K. , Smith I. D. M. , Blyth M. , Kitson S. M. , Crowe L. A. N. , Leach W. J. , Rooney B. P. , Spencer S. J. , Mullen M. , Campton J. L. , McInnes I. B. , Akbar M. , Millar N. L.
Published: January 2019

Objectives

Tranexamic acid (TXA) is an anti-fibrinolytic medication commonly used to reduce perioperative bleeding. Increasingly, topical administration as an intra-articular injection or perioperative wash is being administered during surgery. Adult soft tissues have a poor regenerative capacity and therefore damage to these tissues can be harmful to the patient. This study investigated the effects of TXA on human periarticular tissues and primary cell cultures using clinically relevant concentrations.

Methods

Tendon, synovium, and cartilage obtained from routine orthopaedic surgeries were used for ex vivo and in vitro studies using various concentrations of TXA. The in vitro effect of TXA on primary cultured tenocytes, fibroblast-like synoviocytes, and chondrocytes was investigated using 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) cell viability assays, fluorescent microscopy, and multi-protein apoptotic arrays for cell death.

Results

There was a significant (p < 0.01) increase in cell death within all tissue explants treated with 100 mg/ml TXA. MTT assays revealed a significant (p < 0.05) decrease in cell viability in all tissues following treatment with 50 mg/ml or 100 mg/ml of TXA within four hours. There was a significant (p < 0.05) increase in cell apoptosis after one hour of exposure to TXA (100 mg/ml) in all tissues.

Conclusion

The current study demonstrates that TXA caused significant periarticular tissue toxicity ex vivo and in vitro at commonly used clinical concentrations. Cite this article: M. McLean, K. McCall, I. D. M. Smith, M. Blyth, S. M. Kitson, L. A. N. Crowe, W. J. Leach, B. P. Rooney, S. J. Spencer, M. Mullen, J. L. Campton, I. B. McInnes, M. Akbar, N. L. Millar. Tranexamic acid toxicity in human periarticular tissues. Bone Joint Res 2019;8:11–18. DOI: 10.1302/2046-3758.81.BJR-2018-0181.R1.
‘Professionally we’re definitely in this together’
Authors: Petley Julian
Published: January 2019

In early April 2016, the websites Byline and open Democracy published a number of articles alleging that the Culture Secretary, John Whitting dale, had been involved in a liaison with a prostitute. Remarkably, given most British national newspapers’ obsession with sex scandals, the national press not only refused to pick up the story but also attacked Byline and open Democracy for running it, arguing that it was not in the public interest. Byline and open Democracy responded that the nationals had refused to run the story because they did not want to harm Whittingdale, who was known not to be in favour of putting the recommendations of the Leveson Inquiry into practice. The nationals hit back by accusing Byline and openDemocracy, which supported Leveson, of trying to undermine Whittingdale and so improve the chances of the Leveson recommendations being adopted. But in the course of this extremely bitter battle between different sections of the news media, it soon became apparent that the nationals had in fact been sitting on not only the prostitute story but a number of other scandals as well concerning Whittingdale. This article will utilize the Whittingdale controversy to argue that most of the British national press puts serving its own interests far above serving the public interest, that it will use every means at its disposa to thwart the creation of the kind of system of press self-regulation proposed by the Leveson Inquiry and that it is far too deeply enmeshed in the political system, and in particular, with Conservative interests, to be considered as a Fourth Estate of the realm.
Computer Aided Volume Measurement Using Osirix, A Free 3D-Rendering Software, In Preplanned Correction Of Enophthalmos With Diced Cartilage Graft
Authors: Kreshanti Prasetyanugraheni , Bangun Kristaninta
Published: January 2019

Autologous costal diced cartilage graft is an option for replenishment of the volume deficit in residual enophthalmos following orbito-zygomatic trauma. However, in published journals referring this treatment option, quantitative volume measurement of the graft needed has not been established. Two patients with orbito-zygomatic fractures resulted from motorcycle accidents, presented with dystopia, entrapment of the eyeball, diplopia, and depressed malar eminence on the affected side. CT scans demonstrated orbital-floor disruption and herniation of the intra-orbital content into the maxillary sinus. Using OsiriX®, a free and open source medical imaging software, we calculated the volume discrepancy of the affected orbit. On coronal slices, the segmentation of the bony orbital region of interest of each single slice was performed and grouped to compute the volume. At surgery, diced cartilage grafts were inserted to the orbital cavity according to the calculated volume, to promote forwards shift of the eye globe position after releasing the entrapment and replacing the orbital floor. In both patients, good position of the eye globe was achieved. The aesthetic appearance was perceived as quite acceptable to the patients and other viewers. Transient diplopia settled within 3 months. We considered OsiriX® as a reliable tool for accurate quantitative measurement of diced cartilage graft volume in enophthalmos correction.
Modified Two-Flap Palatoplasty With Leaving Lateral Periosteum and Application of Honey Pack : A Preliminary Study
Authors: Bangun Kristaninta , Sudjatmiko Gentur , Mahandaru Danu
Published: January 2019

According to our experience in Ciptomangunkusumo hospital, most cleft palate patients has wide gap. It makes the epithelialization of the lateral defect takes longer time ( 3- 4 weeks). In this study, the authors propose a modified technique to the two-flap palatoplasty by not elevating the lateral part of the periosteum with the flap, and then apply honey packs to cover the lateral defects. The technique modification and additional honey-soaked dressing are expected to hasten the epithelialization rate. Twelve consecutive patients with non-syndromic cleft palate (with or without cleft lip) are included in the study. They undergo the modified two-flap palatoplasty with the lateral periosteum left behind, covering the palatal bone and the utilization of Honey pack. The rate of epithelialization is then observed every 2 days after operation until full healing is achieved. Complete epithelialization was attained within 5 days in one patient ( 2,8 mm/day), within 7 days in 8 patients (2-2,5mm/day), and within 9 days in 3 patients (2,2-2,7mm/day). There were no surgical complications, such as hemorrhage or wound infection. The fistula of the palate was not found until the defect closed. Our technique hasten the rate of epithelialization. It may prevent the maxillary growth disturbances in the future because faster healing reduces scar formation and wound contraction.
Microsurgery Recontruction in Plastic Surgery Division FKUI-RSCM, From 2009 - 2010
Authors: Atmodiwirjo Parintosa , Adhistana Prasasta
Published: January 2019

Microvascular surgery is the ability to repair very small blood vessels. Once the technique is mastered it becomes possible to revascularize and replant incomplete or complete digital amputations, and to design free tissue transfer procedures for the reconstruction of a large variety of damaged parts. This study included 17 cases of microsurgery in the last 1 years admitted to Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery RSCM between February 2009 to February 2010. All patient were subjected to through clinical examination and appropriate laboratory and radiological investigations. Trauma is the most common etiology of soft tissue defect (10 cases, 58,8%), followed by tumor and infection (5 and 2 cases respectively). Defect is located 35,3% on the head/neck, 23,6% on the knee/lower leg, 23,6% on ankle/foot, and 17,6% on upper extremity. In this study we performed 9 anterolateral thigh (ALT), 6 radial forearm, 1 chimera flap, and 1 fibula flap. Flaps were vital in 13 cases, compromised in 4 cases, with 2 of them salvaged and survived. Vitality rate of ALT flap was 88,9% (7 vital, 1 non vital, 1 salvaged), 83,8% in RFFF (4 vital, 1 non vital, 1 salvaged) and 100% in fibular flap. The use of microvascular techniques has revolutionized reconstruction method and expanded the range of options for reconstructing a large anatomic defects in patients. If compare with advance center, the success of micro-surgery in our division is still under them. Expected to be approached with increasing operator experience and number of cases was undertaken.
Facial Hemangioma Treated with Serial Intralesional Corticosteroid Injection: One Year Follow-up
Authors: Tjipta Arya , Najatullah Najatullah
Published: January 2019

Background: Hemangioma is the most common tumors of childhood, affecting 5 to 10 percent of infants. They have a predilection for the head and neck region. Although having a somewhat predictable natural history evidenced by periods of proliferation, plateau, and involution; the timing of these distinct stages, the presence of complications, and the response to therapy are best characterized as unpredictable. Corticosteroids have been a component of the medical treatment for hemangiomas for over a half century. Intralesional injections purportedly localize the steroid effect to the given lesion and minimize unwanted systemic actions.Patient and Method : We report six patients with facial hemangioma, who required intralesional corticosteroid injection therapy. The number of corticosteroid injections given varied from 2-5 times at an interval of three weeks. The dosage given was 3-5 mg/kg/injection.Results : In our six cases, we found a significant decrease in bulkiness. And in three of our cases, patients were able to open their eyes on their own.Summary :The intralesional corticosteroid therapy was proven to be effective in our case-series.
The Effect of Honey on Granulating Tissue of The Mandibular Bone
Authors: Harsono Anastasia Dessy , Sudjatmiko Gentur
Published: January 2019

Background: For many years, ancient civilizations used honey to heal wounds. Rediscovery of honey by modern physicians its use in conventional medicine. Few detailed descriptions of honey in healing difficult surgical wounds have been previously published.Methods: We report patient, male, 16 years old, who suffered acute lymphocytic leukemia and extensive mandibular eschar and had presented half of mandible bone exposed after escharectomy. Given the of closing the defect due to poor general condition of the patient, we advocated to applicate honey dressing on mandible bone to promote granulation tissue, to prevent infection and to promote epithelialization.Results: Due to honey’s effect are anti inflammatory and antimicrobial activity, promotes debridement, reduces malodor, maintains moist wound environment, and stimulates healing, in a month, all mandible exposed had been covered by granulation tissue, followed by skin grafting.Conclusion: In this case, honey had been proven effectively to stimulate granulation tissue growth on mandible bone both before and after surgery.
THE USE OF DEM SIMULATION FOR CONFIRMING THE PROCESS OF PARTICULATE MATERIAL MIXING
Authors: Peciar Peter , Macho Oliver , Fekete Roman , Peciar Marián
Published: January 2019

At the present time in the research of particulate materials, computer methods that work independently with individual particles are coming to the forefront. One such method is the Discrete Element Method – DEM, which is already widely used. Its usage, however, is complex, mostly due to the input data – what the properties of the researched material are, plus their interaction in processes. And despite the progress, it is still always necessary to validate the experimental equipment and to verify the individual simulations by an experimental measuring or by theoretical knowledge. This study focuses on the verification of the simulation of the mixing of a particulate material with the help of the DEM method, whereby simulations are compared with an experimental measurement and theoretic calculations. The theoretical calculation was carried out by the Novosad model, while the experimental material was granulated polyethylene with strictly defined mechanical-physical properties.
Detection of IgE-positive leukocytes by synthetic peptide and monoclonal antibodies
Authors: Aliakhnovich N. , Janchenko V. , Martinovich V. , Golubovich V.
Published: January 2019

The aim: to assess the use of the synthetic peptide p137-142FcεRIα, the fragment of the FcεRI active site, in identifying the IgE+ cells, compared to monoclonal antibodies to IgE. Materials and methods. The study involved 39 children, mean age of 11 [10.0; 12.8] years. 105 blood samples were received. For phenotyping blood cells we used a synthetic hexapeptide p137-142FcεRIα, FITC-labeled (NIKP “Resan” Belarus), and monoclonal antibodies to IgE, Mouse Anti-Human (FITC), the production of Thermo Fisher Scientific Inc. USA. To count the eosinophils number general blood analysis was conducted. Results. No significant differences between the number of cells identified with the synthetic peptide and mAb were found (p = 0,2), the correlation between the IgE+-cells number identified by both methods was high (0.8). From the 105 samples in 51 (49%) – normal and in 54 (51%) - increased level of eosinophils (≥6%) was found. IgE+-cells number was higher in children with an increased level of eosinophils, than with normal eosinophils (p = 0,00). Correlation between IgE+-cells and eosinophils increased in samples with eosinophilia. In 68% of cases with a low level of eosinophils (0-3%), the level of IgE+ cells was above half of the medium: 3-3.5% at 30,000 cells. Conclusions. Determining the cells bound IgE by a synthetic peptide p137-142FcεRIα, fragment of the active center of the high affinity receptor for immunoglobulin E, is not worse than standard method of determining, using monoclonal antibodies to IgE. Number of eosinophils in peripheral blood correlates with the amount of IgE+-cells. In children with eosinophilia IgE+ -cell number is higher than in children with normal eosinophils level. There is a higher correlation IgE+-cell number with the eosinophils number in case of eosinophilia. In 14% of cases the other IgE+-cells (except eosinophils) were dominant.
Clinic of food allergy in children and adults
Authors: Macharadze D.
Published: January 2019

The review presents the clinical data, characteristic for the flow of food allergy (FA) in children and adults. According to modern classification, there are 3 types of FA: IgE-mediated, non – IgE-and mixed forms of the disease. For each type of FA currents typical of immediate and delayed reactions that require differential diagnosis, especially in cases of eosinophilic gastrointestinal diseases.
A Study of Behavior of Sesame Dyeing on Nylon
Authors: Zhou C. E. , Zhang Q. , Kan C. W.
Published: January 2019

Sesame dye was successfully extracted from food products freely available in the market by a simple boiling method. The extraction temperature and time were 100 °C and 138.3 min, respectively, and the concentration of sesame dye extract was 425 g/L. The sesame dye extract, when used for dyeing nylon fabric, followed the Beer-Lambert law. The optimal conditions for dyeing with sesame dye extract were extracted concentration = 100 g/L, pH = 4, and dyeing temperature = 100 °C. The sesame dye extract was used for dyeing pre-mordanted nylon fabric and good colorfastness results were achieved.
Kajian Geoteknik untuk Perencanaan Pembangunan Pemukiman Baru pada Kawasan Handil Berkat Makmur, Kabupaten Kapuas, Kalimantan Tengah
Authors: Ali Fauziah , Najib Najib , Ali Rinal Khaidar
Published: January 2019

Pengembangan dan pembangunan di Kawasan Handil Berkat Makmur, Kabupaten Kapuas, Kalimantan Tengah semakin pesat, terutama seiring dengan pertumbuhan penduduk yang semakin meningkat. Salah satu langkah yang perlu diambil untuk mengurangi nilai risiko dalam mengembangkan lahan adalah dengan melakukan kajian geoteknik. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui jenis, sifat fisik, dan sifat mekanika tanah, menentukan pondasi yang sesuai dengan kondisi tanah, dan memberikan rekomendasi rekayasa teknik untuk menambah daya dukung tanah pada lokasi penelitian.Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian meliputi pengambilan sampel, disturbed dan undisturbed, menggunakan bor tangan, pemetaan geoteknik, dan uji sondir. Sampel bor disiapkan untuk uji sifat fisik tanah.Jenis tanah pada lokasi penelitian adalah endapan gambut, lempung, dan lanau berlempung, yang bersifat jenuh, expansive, konsistensi sangat lunak – keras, dan kondisi air tidak dapat mengalir keluar rongga pori. Nilai qu berdasarkan data sondir pada kedalaman 1 – 6 m, sebesar 56,80 – 66,32 ton/m2, dan qa sebesar 18,93 – 22,11 ton/m2, sedangkan nilai qu berdasarkan data laboratorium sebesar 0,65 – 2,48 ton/m2, dan qa sebesar 0,22 – 0,83 ton/m2. Rekomendasi rekayasa teknik untuk menambah daya dukung tanah, dapat menggunakan pondasi cerucuk untuk pondasi rumah, dan penggunaan geotekstil serta penambahan tanah urugan pada jalan yang berada di lingkungan pemukiman.