bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Nasopharyngeal microbiome composition associated with Streptococcus pneumoniae colonization suggests a protective role of Corynebacterium in young children
Authors: Xu Lei , Earl Joshua , Pichichero Michael E.
Published: September 2021

Streptococcus pneumoniae (Spn) is a leading respiratory tract pathogen that colonizes the nasopharynx (NP) through adhesion to epithelial cells and immune evasion. Spn actively interacts with other microbiota in NP but the nature of these interactions are incompletely understood. Using 16S rRNA gene sequencing, we analyzed the microbiota composition in the NP of children with or without Spn colonization. 96 children were included in the study cohort. 74 NP samples were analyzed when children were 6 months old and 85 NP samples were analyzed when children were 12 months old. We found several genera that correlated negatively or positively with Spn colonization, and some of these correlations appeared to be influenced by daycare attendance or other confounding factors such as upper respiratory infection (URI) or Moraxella colonization. Among these genera, Corynebacterium showed a consistent inverse relationship with Spn colonization with little influence by daycare attendance or other factors. We isolated Corynebacterium propinquum and C. pseudodiphtheriticum and found that both inhibited the growth of Spn serotype 22F strain in vitro.
Cost-effectiveness analysis of an intervention project engaging Traditional and Religious Leaders to improve uptake of childhood immunization in southern Nigeria
Authors: Oyo-Ita Angela E. , Hanlon Patrick , Nwankwo Ogonna , Bosch-Capblanch Xavier , Arikpo Dachi , Esu Ekperonne , Auer Christian , Meremikwu Martin
Published: September 2021

Vaccination is a cost-effective public health intervention, yet evidence abounds that vaccination uptake is still poor in many low- and middle-income countries. Traditional and Religious Leaders play a substantial role in improving the uptake of health services such as immunization. However, there is paucity of evidence on the cost-effectiveness of using such strategies. This study aimed to assess the cost-effectiveness of using a multi-faceted intervention that included traditional and religious leaders for community engagement to improve uptake of routine immunisation services in communities in Cross River State, Southern Nigeria. The target population for the intervention was traditional and religious leaders in randomly selected communities in Cross River State. The impact of the intervention on the uptake of routine vaccination among children 0 to 23 months was assessed using a cluster randomized trials. Outcome assessments were performed at the end of the project (36 months).The cost of the intervention was obtained from the accounting records for expenditures incurred in the course of implementing the intervention. Costs were assessed from the health provider perspective. The cost-effectiveness analysis showed that the incremental cost of the initial implementation of the intervention was US$19,357and that the incremental effect was 323 measles cases averted, resulting in an incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER) of US$60/measles case averted. However, for subsequent scale-up of the interventions to new areas not requiring a repeat expenditure of some of the initial capital expenditure the ICER was estimated to be US$34 per measles case averted. Involving the traditional and religious leaders in vaccination is a cost-effective strategy for improving the uptake of childhood routine vaccinations.
Current changes in the epidemiology of fall-related injuries in Al Ain City, United Arab Emirates
Authors: Cevik Arif Alper , Alao David O. , Eid Hani O. , Grivna Michal , Abu-Zidan Fikri M.
Published: September 2021

Background

Falls in the Gulf countries are the second most common cause of injuries. The United Arab Emirates government implemented various preventive measures to decrease injuries in the country. We aimed to evaluate the changes in the epidemiology of fall-related injuries in Al-Ain City over the last decade.

Methods

Data of hospitalized patients who presented with fall-related injuries to the Al-Ain Hospital during the two periods of March 2003 to March 2006 and January 2014 to December 2017 were compared. This included patients’ demographics, mechanism, location, anatomical distribution and parameters related to injury severity. Non-parametric tests were used for the statistical analysis.

Results

882 in the first and 1358 patients in the second period were studied. The incidence of falls decreased by 30.5% over ten years. The number of elderly, female patients, and UAE nationals increased, (p < 0.001, p = 0.004, and p < 0.001). Falls from height decreased by 32.5% (p < 0.001) while fall on the same level increased by 22.5% (p < 0.001). Fall-related injuries at home have increased significantly by 22.6% (p <0.001), while falls in workplaces decreased by 24.4% (p <0.001).

Conclusions

Our study showed that the overall incidence of falls decreased compared to a decade ago. The preventive measures were effective in reducing falls from height and workplace injuries. Future preventive measures should target falls at the same level and homes.
From Bethlehem to Basilicata: Framing Pasolini from Palestine
Authors: White Robert G.
Published: September 2021

Sopralluoghi in Palestina (Location Hunting in Palestine) () documents Pasolini’s search for an archaic, biblical world within which to set Il Vangelo secondo Matteo (The Gospel According to St. Matthew) (). Pasolini’s search in Palestine/Israel was eventually abandoned, with The Gospel According to St. Matthew being filmed in and around Basilicata. Pasolini’s documentary has proven a fertile object with which Palestinian artists have conducted dialogues. Following Edward Said, this article reads the documentary ‘contrapuntally’ – as a text to be resituated and responded to – through two responses: Ayreen Anastas’s Pasolini Pa* Palestine () and Basma Alsharif’s Ouroboros (). Examining Alsharif’s engagement with Carlo Levi’s Cristo si è fermato a Eboli (Christ Stopped at Eboli) (1945), the article interrogates Pasolini’s and Levi’s Basilicata and Anastas’ and Alsharif’s responses from Palestine, arguing that the contrapuntal movement between these four works constitutes a ‘dialectical’ cinematic image of Palestine – between image and reality, the archaic and the contemporary.
Neorealist Film Culture, 1945–1954: Rome, Open Cinema, Francesco Pitassio (2019)
Authors: Bertellini Giorgio
Published: September 2021

Review of: Neorealist Film Culture, 1945–1954: Rome, Open Cinema, Francesco Pitassio (2019)

Amsterdam: Amsterdam University Press, 384 pp.,

ISBN 978-9-08964-800-6, h/bk, £99.00
Fame amid the Ruins: Italian Film Stardom in the Age of Neorealism, Stephen Gundle (2020)
Authors: Haworth Rachel
Published: September 2021

Review of: Fame amid the Ruins: Italian Film Stardom in the Age of Neorealism, Stephen Gundle (2020)

New York: Berghahn, 370 pp.,

ISBN 978-1-78920-001-0, h/bk, £110.00
Hacked Transmissions: Technology and Connective Activism in Italy, Alessandra Renzi (2020)
Authors: Mullins Jonathan
Published: September 2021

Review of: Hacked Transmissions: Technology and Connective Activism in Italy, Alessandra Renzi (2020)

Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 256 pp.,

ISBN 978-1-51790-326-8, p/bk, $27.00
Self-education and Collective Learning: Forming a critical ‘modern slavery’ study group
Authors: Niezna Maayan , Agarwal Pankhuri
Published: September 2021

This article describes the authors’ experience in forming an interdisciplinary online study group dedicated to collective learning on modern slavery and trafficking from a critical perspective. It proposes ideas for discussions and readings along with three main principles concerning the method and approach of creating such a group that can be relevant to researchers and practitioners. First, the creation of a safe and inspiring space, the dialogues it can enable, and the approach required to create such a space in an online setting; second, attempts to tackle the big questions rather than conclusions or completed work; and third, reflexivity concerning challenges of knowledge production and distribution that critical scholars of trafficking face. A discussion on labour exploitation and the concept of ‘work’ is used to demonstrate these principles.
Quirinus and his Role in Original Capitoline Triad
Authors: Šmerda Martin
Published: September 2021

This article is focused mainly on ancient Roman god Quirinus and his origin, character and role in the First Capitoline Triad of ancient roman religion. This article enumerates theories and views of Roman authors on the origin and character of Quirinus as one of the oldest members of ancient Roman pantheon. The available evidence from literary sources pertaining to Quirinus, his priests and festivals is also considered. Author of this article evaluates the similarities between Mars and Quirinus and their priests (Salii and flamines) and possible warlike competences of Quirinus – his connection to war.
Ördögi körök vonzásában: A szolgáltatások menedzsmentjének sajátosságairól
Authors: Heidrich Balázs
Published: September 2021

A cikk megpróbálta végigjárni egy szolgáltatás szervezeten belül történő megszületésének és tudatos kialakításának folyamatát. A szolgáltatás, mint termék megfogalmazásától egészen a fogyasztói igényeknek és a szervezeti kompetenciáknak, illetve képességeknek történő megfelelésig. Megállapítja, hogy hosszú távon nem lehet szem elől téveszteni a belső szempontokat sem, bármennyire üdvözítő megoldásnak tûnik a külső kihívásokra történő mindenáron való reagálás. Ez a vezetés szempontjából nagyon gondosan tervezett szolgáltatáskoncepció kialakítását igényli, amely a változó fogyasztói igényeket is képes kielégíteni és ezeknek tartósan megfelelő mûködési modellt kialakítani. A szolgáltatások mûködtetésének legnagyobb veszélyét az ún. stratégiai csapdák vagy ördögi körök rejtik, amelyekben az önmagukban racionálisnak és hatékonynak tûnő egyedi válaszreakciók összességeként egy lefelé tartó spirál indulhat meg mind az alkalmazotti, mind a fogyasztói szinten. Ezen csapdák kerülgetése az állandó változásoknak való megfelelésben nagyon érzékeny vezetői feladat, komoly szolgáltatás-tudatos mûködést kíván meg.
Hogyan válik a CRM a vállalatok versenyképességének meghatározó elemévé?
Authors: Mester Csaba
Published: September 2021

A cikk célja, hogy megfogalmazza, mi is az a CRM, milyen elvárásokat támaszthatnak a vállalati vezetők egy ügyfélkapcsolati rendszerrel kapcsolatban, hol van a helye a vállalati stratégiában és hogyan lehet a vállalati hatékonyságnövelés eszközévé tenni. A tanulmány szerzője bemutatja a CRM kialakulását, a modern értelemben vett CRM fellelhető megközelítéseinek strukturált vizsgálatát és egy komplex definíciót fogalmaz meg. Részletesen taglalja a CRM céljait és a CRM-megoldásokkal kapcsolatos elvárásokat, melyekből a végén talán képet alkothatunk arról, miért is tekinthető az ügyfélkapcsolatok kezelése a versenyképesség fontos tényezőjének. Ezen túl bemutat egy, a magyar vállalatok körében zajló CRM-kutatást, mely hazánk piaci szereplőinek ügyfélszolgálati területen való felkészültségét hívatott megvizsgálni.
Clinical presentation and course of multiple sclerosis in patients with herpesvirus infection
Authors: Gris M. S. , Baranova N. S. , Spirin N. N. , Kasatkin D. S. , Kiselev D. V. , Shipova E. G.
Published: September 2021

To date, the features of clinical presentation, course, and the effectiveness of therapy for multiple sclerosis (MS) in the presence of persistent herpesvirus infection (PHVI) remain poorly understood.

Objective: to evaluate the features of clinical presentation and course of MS in patients with PHVI to optimize patient management.

Patients and methods. We examined 122 patients with a clinically definite diagnosis of MS according to McDonald criteria (2010) (82 women and 40 men, age: 18–50 years, mean age – 37.74±11.04 years). MS duration at the time of examination was from 6 months to 20 years (mean – 8.53±7.47 years), mean Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) score – 2.91±1.67. 86% of patients had relapsing-remitting MS; 14% – secondary progressive MS. 98 (80%) patients received disease modifying therapies (DMTs). All patients underwent a comprehensive clinical and neurological examination, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). 30 healthy donors (20 women and 10 men, age: 19–62 years, mean age: 39.1±12.1 years) were included in the control group. Serum levels of type-specific IgM and IgG antibodies to herpes simplex virus (HSV) 1, 2, 6, Varicella zoster virus (VVZ), Epstein–Barr virus (EBV), cytomegalovirus (CMV) were detected, in some patients – blood and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) polymerase chain reaction, serum and CSF oligoclonal IgG.

Results and discussion. We identified two sub-groups of MS patients: with PHVI reactivation (main group, n=29) and without it (comparison group, n=93). There were a significantly higher VZV (72%) and EBV infection rate (100%) in MS patients compared to the control group (50% and 83%, respectively). Mixed herpesvirus infection prevailed over mono-infection in MS patients. In contrast to controls, the most common viral pattern in MS group was a combination of 4 herpes viruses: HSV 1, 2 + VZV + EBV + CMV (χ2=3.9; p<0.05). Patients in the main group had an unfavorable disease course: earlier MS onset, predominantly polysymptomatic onset, significantly higher relapse rate, faster disease progression, and higher EDSS and Functional Systems Scale (FSS) scores (p <0.05). MRI activity was also associated with EBV infection: new T1Gd+ and T2 foci were associated with an increase in VCA-IgM to EBV level. We also observed decreased DMTs effectiveness (χ2=4,6; p=0,033) and worse DMTs tolerability (χ2=5,3; p=0,022) in the main group.

Conclusion. MS patients with PHVI reactivation, have a more unfavorable course of the demyelinating process and, therefore, a greater degree of disability, compared with age-adjusted patients without a viral infection and the same disease duration.
Comparison of medical and social characteristics and quality of life of patients with primary- and secondary-progressive multiple sclerosis
Authors: Vlasov Ya. V. , Polyarnaya N. G. , Boyko A. N.
Published: September 2021

Management of patients with secondary progressive multiple sclerosis (SPMS) remains one of the most challenging tasks of modern neurology. Patients with SPMS present with more severe neurological symptoms, increased hospitalization frequency, pronounced cognitive impairment in most of them, and a higher level of fatigue than patients with relapsing-remitting MS (RRMS). Another unfavorable course of MS is primary progressive MS (PPMS) when there is a steady increase in neurological disorders from the very beginning of the disease.

Objective: to compare medical and social characteristics and changes in quality of life (QoL) indexes in patients with PPMS and SPMS.

Patients and methods. In total, 437 patients with PPMS from 19 constituent entities of the Russian Federation and 500 patients with SPMS from 15 Russian Federation regions were interviewed using the original medical and social questionnaire. At the same time, we studied the QoL of patients with PPMS and SPMS using the specific MusiQoL questionnaire.

Results and discussion. Among the patients with PPMS, 54.3% were women and 45.7% – men. In patients with SPMS, women predominated (66.3% of women and 33.7% of men – the ratio was almost 2: 1). The degree of disability and the severity of the disease were higher in SPMS than in PPMS. The family continues to be the primary aid source in everyday life for patients with MS: 75–80% of patients who need such support receive it from their significant others. More patients with SPMS indicated a deterioration in their health status over the last year (70%, while among patients with PPMS – 55%). More patients with PPMS received outpatient care (82.1% compared to 64.7% in SPMS; p=0.01). Immobility and SPMS treatment problems were the main reasons for decreased outpatient care in patients with SPMS. Less than half of patients with SPMS (43.8%) and 62% of patients with PPMS received inpatient treatment. According to neurologists reports, there is a major problem in providing MS centers with effective drugs to treat both disease courses. When QoL was assessed, we found more profound changes in SPMS concerning both QoL's psychological and physical components. Only recently, a new drug, siponimod, has been approved for the treatment of SPMS. The lack of effective treatment formed the basis of negative attitudes towards the health care system in SPMS.

Conclusion. QoL changes reflect the patient's attitude to his condition. The introduction of new drugs for the pathogenetic treatment of SPMS (siponimod) will improve the QoL indicators in SPMS.
Current ethical issues of clinical trials of drugs for the pathogenetic therapy of multiple sclerosis in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Ivashkova E. V. , Petrov A. M. , Votintseva M. V. , Stolyarov I. D.
Published: September 2021

The spread of the COVID-19 pandemic posed a serious challenge for scientific and clinical medical institutions in terms of research for new multiple sclerosis (MS) treatments. In this review we discuss the associations between coronavirus infection and MS and provide data on the features of MS pathogenetic therapy during a pandemic. We also analyze the ethical aspects of clinical trials, the problems faced by researchers and patients, especially when using immunosuppressive therapy for MS. We provide examples of violations during research caused by the influence of a pandemic, as well as ways of solving them. Improving ethical standards is an essential component of ensuring the safety of MS and other immune-mediated diseases treatment.
Part Two: Debunking Prevailing Scholarly Views Pertaining to the Apostasy of Alleged Descendants of Shaykh Yusuf of Makassar
Authors: Moosa Najma
Published: September 2021

This paper is the second part of the two articles that discuss the controversy over the conversion of religion in the family of Shaykh Yusuf of Makassar after being exiled in South Africa during the Dutch colonial period at the end of the seventeenth century. This second part provides a critical and holistic analysis of the historical sources and historians’ initial arguments regarding the two families, Shaykh Yusuf and his in-laws. This paper also tries to review the main arguments of this paper so as not to get caught up in excessive demystification. In addition, it also discusses the implementation of the Dutch colonial policies as well as the issue of poverty and the practice of marriage policies that have contributed to settling this conversion problem.[Tulisan ini adalah bagian kedua dari dua tulisan yang membahas kontroversi pindah agama pada keluarga Syekh Yusus Makassar selepas diasingkan di Afrika Selatan pada masa kolonial Belanda akhir abad 17. Bagian kedua ini menyajikan analisis kritis dan holistik mengenai sumber-sumber sejarah dan argumen-argumen awal para sejarahwan mengenai dua keluarga tersebut. Tulisan  ini juga mencoba meninjau kembali argumen utama dari tulisan ini agar tidak terjebak dalam demistikasi yang berlebihan. Selain itu juga membahas pelaksanaan kebijakan kolonial Belanda serta soal kemiskinan dan praktik kebijaksanaan pernikahan yang berkontribusi mengendapkan persoalan konversi ini.]
EFFECT OF CREATIVE INDEPENDENCE PROBLEM SOLVING (CIPS)-BASED TRAINING MODULE ON PROFESSIONALISM OF RURAL INDONESIAN ELEMENTARY SCHOOL TEACHERS
Authors: Munastiwi Erni , Yunos Jailani Md , Alias Maizam , Paimin Aini Nazura
Published: September 2021

Training is needed to ensure that teachers acquire the knowledge necessary to teach problem-solving skills. Furthermore, a specifically designed training material such as a module is especially needed when teachers work in remote areas with fewer resources. Meanwhile, six educational problem-solving skills development needs among teachers in rural Indonesian elementary schools were identified: teacher mentoring, self-actualization, competency, creativity, problem-solving, and independence. A training module was designed based on the needs which were assessed using the CIPS model. The study aimed to investigate the effects of the CIPS-based Training Module on the professionalism of elementary school teachers. In addition, the training module consists of five (5) stages, which include pre-entering, plan, setting, action, and evaluation. The quasi-experimental research was conducted on 63 elementary teachers from Nunukan and Sebatik Island, North Kalimantan, Indonesia, assigned randomly to either an experiment or a control group. Before the training, a pre-test was conducted, followed by training using the module for the experiment groups, and no training for the control group. Furthermore, a post-test was conducted in both groups to identify the effectiveness of the training module. The independent sample t-test showed that the experimental group obtained a higher mean score than the control group. In conclusion, the CIPS-based Training Module effectively develops professionalism in teaching problem-solving skills among the experimental group's elementary teachers. Meanwhile, the study implies that rural elementary teachers need to be prepared to teach problem-solving skills.
THE ROLE OF INFAQ IN BASIC EDUCATION DEVELOPMENT IN THE ACEH COMMUNITY
Authors: Maemonah Maemonah , Yuliawati Fitri , Hasanah Azizah Uswatun
Published: September 2021

After the tsunami disaster and Aceh political reconciliation, awareness of education’s importance began spreading to the villages. The awareness creation process is preferable because the prominent supporters of this effort are the people only. At the same time, the Indonesian government’s role is also active in gaining a positive image in the province. Therefore, this paper investigated the level of community awareness in setting aside a portion of the members’ income to build elementary schools, pay teacher salaries, and meet other educational needs. The result showed that the community movements were not positively correlated with management and awareness-raising and the general donation movement in Aceh. Besides, community education empowerment has been fast considering various possible future challenges to be encountered. Nevertheless, the targeted awareness has not been accompanied by public attention towards building higher-quality educational facilities and infrastructure
Objects of Survivance
Authors: Black Liza
Published: September 2021

The work is a book review considering the title Objects of Survivance: A Material History of the American Indian School Experience by Lindsay M. Montgomery and Chip Colwell.
A Language Fair, a Community and a Museum
Authors: Swan Daniel C. , Linn Mary S.
Published: September 2021

Founded in 2003 the Oklahoma Native American Youth Language Fair (ONAYLF) has become one of the largest gatherings of Native American language learners in the United States. The Fair is unquestionably the most significant and sustained interaction with Native American communities in the history of the Sam Noble Museum, quickly becoming a signature event that contributes to the museum’s reputation and stature. As the Fair gained increased prominence and importance in the Native American communities of Oklahoma and the surrounding regions it was consistently marginalized within the institutional culture of the museum. Over the course of our respective leadership of the ONAYLF we encountered the continued need for anthropological intervention to “re-institutionalize” a very successful program. In this report we focus on specific impacts of this failed ownership and the anthropological methods employed to address them. We conclude with an assessment of the ONAYLF in terms of on-going efforts to decolonize museum practice.
The planning and funding of road infrastructure via PPPs
Authors: Gardiner John
Published: September 2021

The shortfall in the funding for construction, operation and maintenance of road infrastructure in Australia is substantial and future investment appears to be beyond the capabilities of government funding alone. In the past, the private sector has proven very willing to invest in PPPs with government to provide road infrastructure and, overall, its performance in relation to construction, operation and maintenance has been far superior to that of government and has relieved government of substantial risk. However, it is unlikely that the private sector will accept the same levels of risk on new PPPs as in the past.
Причины бегового бума 2010-х: кейс-стади крупнейшего марафона России
Authors: Адельфинский Андрей Станиславович
Published: September 2021

В статье изучен кейс трансформации крупнейшего марафона России (в 1981—2012 гг. Московский международный марафон мира, с 2013 г. — Московский марафон). С 2011 по 2016 г. число его участников выросло в восемь раз. Масштабность изменений заставляет говорить о фитнес-буме 2010-х годов. Пресса присуждает лавры успеха возникшему малому бизнесу по организации массовых событий — но заслуженно ли?
Методы исследования: анализ беговой статистики и документов — календарей, результатов и положений массовых забегов; анализ публикаций в прессе и интернете; включенное наблюдение в практике бега.
Результаты кейс-стади выявили четыре ведущих фактора бегового бума. Во-первых, это наследие фитнес-бума 1970-1980-х годов, позволяющее говорить о 2010-х как о второй волне. Во-вторых, кампании по популяризации массового бега транснациональных брендов Nike и Adidas, создавшие «точку входа» в практику массового бега. Подробно описана кампания Nike We Run Moscow 2010-2015. В-третьих, трансформация медиасреды, облегчившая распространение этих кампаний. В-четвертых, изменение локальной политической конъюнктуры, повлиявшее на траекторию бума. Следствием первоначального роста и еще одним дополнительным фактором фитнес-бума действительно стали «предприниматели от бега», но их появление связано с перераспределением административных ресурсов, а не с открытием «новой ниши». Возникли побочные эффекты предпринимательства: джентрификация бега, коммерциализация с 18-кратным ростом взносов, снижение доступности участия.
Обсуждение развивает дискуссию о моделях спорта. Мы полагаем, что пропагандировать «физкультуру ради здоровья» беспредметно, а причина низкого уровня вовлеченности — сложившаяся проолимпийская модель, дисфункциональная для неэлитного спорта. Необходимо внедрение экспрессивной модели и репозиционирование массового спорта, что отчасти уже произошло. Процесс коммерциализации массового бега позволяет задать вопрос о расхождении дискурса власти (на развитие спорта) и реальной ситуации.
«Один в поле не воин» или «третий лишний»? Тандемные интервью в качественном исследовании
Authors: Багина Яна Александровна , Говорова Анастасия Дмитриевна , Нарьян Светлана Кареновна
Published: September 2021

В статье рассматривается, как присутствие второго интервьюера меняет качественное интервью: какие ресурсы дает работа в паре и какие проблемы она вызывает. Интервью в паре мы называем тандемным, опираясь на немногочисленные работы, в которых предпринимались попытки отрефлексировать совместную работу двух интервьюеров как специфичную ситуацию.
Мы рассматриваем тандемные интервью как разновидность качественного интервью и групповой исследовательской работы в целом. С ними связано множество исследовательских практик, многообразие которых мы упорядочиваем по следующим параметрам: целенаправленность проведения интервью вдвоем, планирование тандемов, постоянство пар интервьюеров.
Статья основана на 23 полуструктурированных интервью с социальными и гуманитарными исследователями, практикующими интервью в тандеме. Бо́льшую часть интервью мы намеренно проводили в парах, чтобы отрефлексировать собственный опыт тандемной работы, поэтому в качестве дополнительного источника данных использовались 32 дневника членов нашей исследовательской группы.
Анализируя тандемные интервью через призму ресурсов и проблем, мы пытаемся создать относительно цельную картину этой исследовательской практики. Работу в тандеме можно считать ресурсом, поскольку она дает возможность разделить работу и привлечь к ней не-исследователей; привносит разнообразие благодаря разным характеристикам интервьюеров; способствует большему эмоциональному комфорту; создает условия для совместных обсуждений и анализа данных; позволяет обучать менее опытных исследователей.
В то же время работа в тандеме имеет ряд проблем, связанных со взаимодействием интервьюеров между собой и с информантом: коммуникативные сбои; разногласия в связи c различиями интервьюеров; негативную реакцию на одного из интервьюеров со стороны коллеги или информанта; препятствия для установления доверительных отношений; меньшую содержательность интервью; нежелательность для изучения определенных групп; актуализацию вопросов конфиденциальности данных и авторских прав. Отдельно мы выделяем организационные сложности — координацию действий в поле, временные и финансовые затраты.
Благодарность. Исследование реализовано при поддержке факультета социальных наук, Национальный исследовательский университет «Высшая школа экономики».
Мы благодарим исследователей, которые поделились с нами своим опытом проведения интервью в тандемах. Мы также благодарны нашим коллегам по проекту Нине Глазковой и Михаилу Дееву за совместную работу по сбору данных.
Имеет ли метод индикаторной переменной преимущества перед анализом полных наблюдений при обработке пропусков в категориальных регрессорах?
Authors: Жучкова Светлана Васильевна , Ротмистров Алексей Николаевич , Шабанова Екатерина Алексеевна
Published: September 2021

Если в категориальном регрессоре есть пропущенные значения, то что лучше применить: анализ полных наблюдений или метод индикаторной переменной? Суть первого подхода состоит в исключении из анализа (в нашем случае — линейного регрессионного) наблюдений, содержащих пропуски хотя бы по одной из изучаемых переменных. Этот подход применяется по умолчанию во многих популярных приложениях, и, вопреки сложившимся представлениям о его ограниченности, все больше исследований подтверждают его универсальность — даже в случае неслучайных пропусков. Метод индикаторной переменной, при котором пропущенные значения заменяются на валидные, а в пару исходной переменной создается дополнительная индикаторная, выступает более новой альтернативой, которая, в отличие от первого подхода, позволяет использовать информацию из всех наблюдений и при этом, гипотетически, также не приводит к искажению изучаемых статистических параметров. Посредством статистического эксперимента на симулированных данных, контролируя механизм порождения пропусков, их долю и спецификацию регрессионной модели, мы сравниваем полученные на основе каждого из подходов статистические оценки регрессионных коэффициентов на предмет их искажений: смещения и неэффективности. Согласно результатам, оба подхода не приводят к заметному смещению, однако метод индикаторной переменной приводит к менее эффективной оценке.
Благодарность. Публикация подготовлена в ходе проведения исследования «Комплексное сравнение методов обработки пропущенных данных в социологических исследованиях» (№ 20-04-016) в рамках Программы «Научный фонд Национального исследовательского университета «Высшая школа экономики» (НИУ ВШЭ)» в 2020 г. и в рамках государственной поддержки ведущих университетов Российской Федерации «5–100».
Wołosi na współczesnych Bałkanach (XX–XXI w.) Przejawy odrębności i asymilacji
Authors: Paszkiewicz Jędrzej
Published: September 2021

W artykule zwrócono uwagę na zróżnicowaną charakterystykę ludności wołoskiej we współczesnych realiach społeczno-politycznych poszczególnych państw Europy południowo-wschodniej. Na jej podstawie można wyodrębnić trojakie rozumienie Wołochów. Najczęściej traktuje się ich jako mniejszość w sensie kulturowym i regionalnym (w Grecji, Bułgarii, Chorwacji), identyfikuje z żywiołem rumuńskim (Bułgaria, Rumunia) lub uznaje za mniejszość etno-językową (w Macedonii Północnej i Albanii). Obyczajowość, tradycje i tożsamość społeczności wołoskich ukształtowały się w odniesieniu do lokalnych warunków życia. Wołosi musieli szukać modus vivendi z ludnością, która na danym obszarze dominowała liczebnie i określała reguły funkcjonowania. W rezultacie, rozproszone społeczności wołoskie nie wygenerowały jednolitej tożsamości etnicznej czy kulturowej, która mogłaby je spoić w większą całość. Zróżnicowana jest także ich sytuacja prawno-polityczna w poszczególnych państwach.
The Morlachs of Dalmatia during the 15th and 16th century. A Venetian perspective
Authors: Caciur Dana
Published: September 2021

The article aims to present the main features of the character of the Morlachs living in the Venetian Dalmatia during the Fifteenth and Sixteenth centuries. The research approach focuses on Venetian sources, published and unpublished, therefore the portray of the Morlachs built up in this study is an external one. According to it the Morlachs appear as nomadic people who develop occasional or permanent activities in the Venetian hinterland of Dalmatia. Either they are presented by the sources as shepherds, soldiers, immigrants, merchants, criminals or in many other situations, the Morlachs became agents of coexistence in the permeable area of the Venetian-Ottoman border. This is why, one of the ideas promoted by this study is that the survival of the Morlach`s presence in Dalmatia was assured by the political instability.
Społeczności wołoskie pogranicza Chorwacji, Dalmacji i Bośni w perspektywie francuskiej
Authors: Sajkowski Wojciech
Published: September 2021

Triplex Confinium to termin odnoszący się do obszaru historycznego pogranicza Imperium Osmańskiego, Wenecji i Monarchii Habsburgów, które istniało do początku XV w. aż do końca XVIII w. Zdecydowana większość związanych z osadnictwem wojskowym na terenie Triplex Confinium, jak również kwestie migracji wołoskich na tym obszarze została już gruntownie przebadana e przez historyków. Niniejszy artykuł zestawia te ustalenia z mniej znanymi źródłami wytworzonymi przez administrację francuską w latach 1806–1813, gdy najpierw Dalmacja, później również Chorwacja Wojskowa stanowiły część imperium napoleońskiego. Obserwacje francuskich oficerów i urzędników stanowią niezwykle wartościowe świadectwo różnych dróg ewolucji społeczności wołoskich w tym regionie. Świadectwa te potwierdzają, że ludność wołoska z dalmatyńskiego interioru (zwani Morlakami) jeszcze na początku XIX stulecia zachowali charakterystyczną strukturę społeczną (podział na katuny), a także zajmowali się przede wszystkim pasterstwem transhumancyjnym. Z kolei struktury społeczne ludności Chorwacji Wojskowej nie miały w tym okresie już wiele wspólnego z organizacją wołoskiego katunu, bo ta została zastąpiona przez hierarchię wojskową. Zmiany nastąpiły również pod względem gospodarczym, przez odejście od gospodarki pasterskiej na rzecz rolnictwa.
Clinical and Imaging Profile of Patients with Joubert Syndrome
Authors: Surisetti Bharath Kumar , Holla Vikram Venkappayya , Prasad Shweta , Neeraja Koti , Kamble Nitish , Yadav Ravi , Pal Pramod Kumar
Published: September 2021

Objective Joubert syndrome (JS) is a rare syndrome characterized by ataxia and the molar tooth sign (MTS) on imaging. The present study aims to explore the clinical and radiological features in a cohort of patients with JS.Methods This was a retrospective chart review of patients with JS evaluated by movement disorder specialists.Results Nine patients were included in the study. All patients had facial dysmorphism and ocular abnormalities, and 4 patients had dystonia. Ocular tilt reaction and alternate skew deviation (66%) were the most common ocular abnormalities. Horizontally aligned superior cerebellar peduncles were observed in all four patients with diffusion tensor imaging, with a lack of decussation in three. Exome sequencing performed in four patients revealed novel variants in the MKS1, CPLANE1, and PIBF1 genes.Conclusion Facial dysmorphism, ocular abnormalities and classical imaging findings were observed in all patients with JS. Apart from ataxia, dystonia and myoclonus are other movement disorders observed in JS.
Abstraction NBTI model
Authors: Adolf Stephan , Nebel Wolfgang
Published: September 2021

Negative Bias Temperature Instability (NBTI) is one of the major transistor aging effects, possibly leading to timing failures during run-time of a system. Thus one is interested in predicting this effect during design time. In this work an Abstraction NBTI model is introduced reducing the state space of trap-based NBTI models using two abstraction parameters, applying a state transformation to incorporate variable stress conditions. This transformation is faster than traditional approaches. Currently the conversion into estimated threshold voltage damages is a very time consuming process.
Stochastic Modeling of Non-linear Terrorism Dynamics
Authors: Drmola Jakub , Hubík Tomáš
Published: September 2021

Modeling terrorism is both necessary and difficult. While the necessity comes from the all too obvious real-world pressures our society is facing, the difficulty stems from the underlying complexity of the phenomena itself – there are many variables to account for, they are hard to measure, and the relationships between them are confounding. Since modeling terrorism is at its most onerous when it comes to predicting specific attacks, their timing and scale, we opted to work around this using observed probabilistic distribution and integrate power laws into our system dynamics model. After evaluating thousands of simulations runs, this allows us to replicate historical data as well as produce prognostic scenarios, while maintaining what we believe to be authentic behavior. Compromises need to be made, but we believe that this approach can be useful for systems highly dependent on events or parameters which we are unable to predict but whose distributions are known.
Der Mordfall Markovic – Delon, Pompidou, Nacktfotos und eine Staatsaffäre
Authors: Gruber Joachim
Published: September 2021

Im Jahr 2018 jährte sich zum 50. Mal der Mord an Stevan Markovic

Dazu J.-P. Méfret, Une sale affaire. Markovic, Marcantoni, Delon, Pompidou et les autres … (2007). Zur Sicht des Beteiligten Pompidou siehe dessen posthum herausgegebene Autobiographie: G. Pompidou, Pour rétablir une vérité (1982); die Markovic-Affäre wird ausführlich auf S. 251 ff. behandelt. Ferner fr.wikipedia.org unter „Affaire Markovic“; eine kürzere Darstellung findet sich auf der deutschsprachigen Wikipedia-Seite unter „Markovic-Affäre“.

. Aus diesem Mordfall entwickelte sich eine der mysteriösesten Nachkriegs-Affären Frankreichs, die in Deutschland

In Frankreich ist dieser Fall so bekannt, dass Léo Malet in seinem 1971 veröffentlichten Kriminalroman „Nestor Burma court la poupée“ (Titel der deutschen Übersetzung: Blutbad in Boulogne) eine entsprechende Anspielung untergebracht hat. Sein Held, der Privatdetektiv Nestor Burma, wird bei einem Besuch bei der Kriminalpolizei von einem Polizisten angestarrt. Malet legt Burma die Äußerung in den Mund: „Hat man endlich den Mörder von Markovic identifiziert und sehe ich ihm ähnlich?“ (die Äußerung findet sich in der Ausgabe Editions Laffont, 2007, Bd. 4, S. 463).

allerdings wenig bekannt ist, obwohl sowohl die Beteiligten als auch die Vorgänge äußerst schillernd sind

Einige Elemente dieser Affäre wurden im Drehbuch des Films „Il n´y pas de fumée sans feu“ (1973, Regie André Cayatte) aufgegriffen, in dem u. a. Mireille Darc (15. Mai 1938 bis 28. August 2017) mitspielte, die langjährige (1968–1983) Freundin von Alain Delon.

. Da dieser Fall auch politische Auswirkungen hatte (fast wäre die Wahl von Georges Pompidou zum französischen Staatspräsidenten durch die Begleitumstände der Ermittlungen verhindert worden), sollen die Begebenheiten im Folgenden geschildert werden.
Spectral tuning of diamond photonic crystal slabs by deposition of a thin layer with silicon vacancy centers
Authors: Fait Jan , Varga Marián , Hruška Karel , Kromka Alexander , Rezek Bohuslav , Ondič Lukáš
Published: September 2021

The controlled extraction of light from diamond optical color centers is essential for their practical prospective applications as single photon sources in quantum communications and as biomedical sensors in biosensing. Photonic crystal (PhC) structures can be employed to enhance the collection efficiency from these centers by directing the extracted light towards the detector. However, PhCs must be fabricated with nanoscale precision, which is extremely challenging to achieve for current materials and nanostructuring technologies. Imperfections inherently lead to spectral mismatch of the extraction (leaky) modes with color center emission lines. Here, we demonstrate a new and simple two-step method for fabricating diamond PhC slabs with leaky modes overlapping the emission line of the silicon vacancy (SiV) centers. In the first step, the PhC structure with leaky modes blue shifted from the SiV emission line is fabricated in a nanocrystalline diamond without SiV centers. A thin layer of SiV-rich diamond is then deposited over the PhC slab so that the spectral position of the PhC leaky modes is adjusted to the emission line of the SiV centers, thereby avoiding the need for nanoscale precision of the structuring method. An intensity enhancement of the zero-phonon line of the SiV centers by a factor of nine is achieved. The color centers in the thin surface layer are beneficial for sensing applications and their properties can also be further controlled by the diamond surface chemistry. The demonstrated PhC tuning method can also be easily adapted to other optical centers and photonic structures of different types in diamond and other materials.
Neurological susceptibility to environmental exposures: pathophysiological mechanisms in neurodegeneration and multiple chemical sensitivity
Authors: Molot John , Sears Margaret , Marshall Lynn Margaret , Bray Riina I.
Published: September 2021

The World Health Organization lists air pollution as one of the top five risks for developing chronic non-communicable disease, joining tobacco use, harmful use of alcohol, unhealthy diets and physical inactivity. This review focuses on how host defense mechanisms against adverse airborne exposures relate to the probable interacting and overlapping pathophysiological features of neurodegeneration and multiple chemical sensitivity. Significant long-term airborne exposures can contribute to oxidative stress, systemic inflammation, transient receptor subfamily vanilloid 1 (TRPV1) and subfamily ankyrin 1 (TRPA1) upregulation and sensitization, with impacts on olfactory and trigeminal nerve function, and eventual loss of brain mass. The potential for neurologic dysfunction, including decreased cognition, chronic pain and central sensitization related to airborne contaminants, can be magnified by genetic polymorphisms that result in less effective detoxification. Onset of neurodegenerative disorders is subtle, with early loss of brain mass and loss of sense of smell. Onset of MCS may be gradual following long-term low dose airborne exposures, or acute following a recognizable exposure. Upregulation of chemosensitive TRPV1 and TRPA1 polymodal receptors has been observed in patients with neurodegeneration, and chemically sensitive individuals with asthma, migraine and MCS. In people with chemical sensitivity, these receptors are also sensitized, which is defined as a reduction in the threshold and an increase in the magnitude of a response to noxious stimulation. There is likely damage to the olfactory system in neurodegeneration and trigeminal nerve hypersensitivity in MCS, with different effects on olfactory processing. The associations of low vitamin D levels and protein kinase activity seen in neurodegeneration have not been studied in MCS. Table 2 presents a summary of neurodegeneration and MCS, comparing 16 distinctive genetic, pathophysiological and clinical features associated with air pollution exposures. There is significant overlap, suggesting potential comorbidity. Canadian Health Measures Survey data indicates an overlap between neurodegeneration and MCS (p < 0.05) that suggests comorbidity, but the extent of increased susceptibility to the other condition is not established. Nevertheless, the pathways to the development of these conditions likely involve TRPV1 and TRPA1 receptors, and so it is hypothesized that manifestation of neurodegeneration and/or MCS and possibly why there is divergence may be influenced by polymorphisms of these receptors, among other factors.
Future generation of combined multimodal approach to treat brain glioblastoma multiforme and potential impact on micturition control
Authors: Zeng Xiao Xue , Zeng Jianwen , Zhu Baoyi
Published: September 2021

Glioblastoma remains lethal even when treated with standard therapy. This review aims to outline the recent development of various advanced therapeutics for glioblastoma and briefly discuss the potential impact of glioblastoma and some of its therapeutic approaches on the neurological function micturition control. Although immunotherapy led to success in treating hematological malignancies, but no similar success occurred in treatment for brain glioblastoma. Neither regenerative medicine nor stem cell therapy led to astounding success in glioblastoma. However, CRISPR Cas system holds potential in multiple applications due to its capacity to knock-in and knock-out genes, modify immune cells and cell receptors, which will enable it to address clinical challenges in immunotherapy such as CAR-T and regenerative therapy for brain glioblastoma, improving the precision and safety of these approaches. The studies mentioned in this review could indicate that glioblastoma is a malignant disease with multiple sophisticated barriers to be overcome and more challenges might arise in the attempt of researchers to yield a successful cure. A multimodal approach of future generation of refined and safe therapeutics derived from CRISPR Cas therapeutics, immunotherapy, and regenerative therapeutics mentioned in this review might prolong survival or even contribute towards a potential cure for glioblastoma.
Characteristics of phantom limb pain in U.S. civilians and service members
Authors: Griffin Sarah C. , Alphonso Aimee L. , Tung Monica , Finn Sacha , Perry Briana N. , Hill Wendy , O’Connell Colleen , Hanling Steven R. , Goff Brandon J. , Pasquina Paul F. , Tsao Jack
Published: September 2021

Objectives

The population of Americans with limb loss is on the rise, with a different profile than in previous generations (e.g., greater incidence of amputation due to diabetes). This study aimed to identify the key characteristics of phantom limb sensation (PLS) and pain (PLP) in a current sample of Americans with limb loss.

Methods

This cross-sectional study is the first large-scale (n=649) study on PLP in the current population of Americans with limb loss. A convenience sample of military and civilian persons missing one or more major limbs was surveyed regarding their health history and experience with phantom limb phenomena.

Results

Of the participants surveyed, 87% experienced PLS and 82% experienced PLP. PLS and PLP typically first occurred immediately after amputation (47% of cases), but for a small percentage (3–4%) onset did not occur until over a year after amputation. Recent PLP severity decreased over time (β=0.028, 95% CI: −0.05–0.11), but most participants reported PLP even 10 years after amputation. Higher levels of recent PLP were associated with telescoping (β=0.123, 95% CI: 0.04–0.21) and higher levels of pre-amputation pain (β=0.104, 95% CI: 0.03–0.18). Those with congenitally missing limbs experienced lower levels of recent PLP (t (37.93)=3.93, p<0.01) but there were no consistent differences in PLP between other amputation etiologies.

Conclusions

Phantom limb phenomena are common and enduring. Telescoping and pre-amputation pain are associated with higher PLP. Persons with congenitally missing limbs experience lower levels of PLP than those with amputation(s), yet PLP is common even in this subpopulation.